bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal variations of snow characteristics in Xinjiang, China over 1961–2013
Authors: Ding Yang , Li Yi , Li Linchao , Yao Ning , Hu Wei , Yang Daqing , Chen Chunyan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Daily snow data during 1961–2013 at the 105 meteorological stations in Xinjiang, China were used to investigate the spatiotemporal variations of several parameters, including starting and ending dates, duration, annual and monthly average and maximum snow depths. The modified Mann–Kendall test, empirical mode decomposition, empirical orthogonal function (EOF), and the inverse distance weight interpolation were applied. Snow lasted for 71 to 120 days. Snow depth decreased from north to south. Daily snow depth had periodical variations and were classified as four typical types, i.e., flat peak, multi-peak, sharp single-peak, and right-skewed. After daily snow depth was decomposed into 17 intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), IMF9, IMF10, and IMF11 over 189, 302, and 437 days of scales accounted for 79% of the total spatiotemporal variance in snow depth. Both annual starting and ending day numbers had decreasing trends, while the duration in days had an increasing trend. The average and maximum snow depth increased in most sites whether considering the seasonality in December, January, February, or annual values. EOF1 accounted for 70% of spatial variability and the temporal coefficient EC1 varied periodically. The spatiotemporal analysis of snow properties provides a basis for snowmelt understanding.
The control of small and medium sized public wastewater treatment plants in the Veneto region (North Italy): general situation, critical issues and case studies
Authors: Ostoich M. , Serena F. , Pozzobon A. , Tomiato L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Water bodies' quality objectives are defined in accordance with the Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive 91/271/EEC and the Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC. For regulation and control of small-sized waste-water treatment plants (WWTPs), responsibility is delegated in Italy to Regional Authorities that fix specific regulations (Water Protection Plan WPP included in the River Basin Management Plan RBMP) in collaboration with the District Authorities. Small (&lt;2,000 population equivalent – PE) and medium sized (2,000–10,000 PE) WWTPs in the Veneto Region (North Italy) represent about 10% of the total organic load (Imhoff systems included). This also comprises some industrial discharges. Due to the urban sprawl, plants are spread over the regional territory. In the Veneto Region, data from the official census reveals there are n. 248 plants under 2,000 PE and 135 plants in 2,000–10,000 range while the total number of authorized plants is 488 for a total potentiality of 9,141,572 PE. Data from institutional controls performed by the Veneto Regional Environmental Agency (ARPAV) on WWTPs has been recovered for all the WWTPs with up to 10,000 PE in the provinces of Venice, Treviso and Vicenza (for a total of 306,118 PE and for a total of 164 plants) in the period 2008–2015 and elaborated to assess critical parameters and plants. The general situation, critical issues and case studies have been presented and discussed. Organic load, nutrients and Escherichia coli are the most critical parameters considering the regional WPP.
Water sensitive planning and design as an ecologically inspired approach to delivering flood resilient urban environment in Sri Lanka
Authors: Jayawardena H. M. I. D. P. , van Roon Marjorie 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The paper draws on Colombo, Sri Lanka as the case study for developing Water Sensitive Planning and Design (WSPD) to deliver a flood resilient urban environment. Digital data and documentary data were evaluated to analyse water sensitive characteristics, potentials and constraints within the catchment. Spatial analysis tools in ArcGIS were used when analysing issues in the landscape mosaic. Evaluation of the landscape mosaic clearly identifies urban form and its significant issues in creating ecological links and patches, such as, marshes, streams, roads and shrubs that can create potential opportunities during stormwater management.
Geographically, the low-lying area plays an important role as the natural detention/retention basin for stormwater of the urban catchment during intensive rainfall. In addition, increased impervious surfaces created by high-density urban development and the limited availability of space have created challenges for retrofitting additional stormwater infrastructure. The study identifies the important role that urban planning can play in safeguarding strategies to deal with urban water related issues in more compromising and accommodating ways when situating stormwater infrastructure to optimise the connectivity and corridors. The study demonstrated the importance of street layouts in the urban landscape to support the development of WSPD. This approach provides sustainable ecological protection and outcomes to achieve a flood resilient environment in the catchment.
Aerobic granular biomass technology: advancements in design, applications and further developments
Authors: Pronk Mario , Giesen Andreas , Thompson Andrew , Robertson Struan , van Loosdrecht Mark 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAerobic granular sludge is seen as the future standard for industrial and municipal wastewater treatment. Through a Dutch research and development program, a full-scale aerobic granular biomass technology has been developed – the Nereda® technology – which has been implemented to treat municipal and industrial wastewater. The Nereda® system is considered to be the first aerobic granular sludge technology applied at full-scale and more than 40 municipal and industrial plants are now in operation or under construction worldwide. Further plants are in the planning and design phase, including plants with capacities exceeding 1 million PE. Data from operational plants confirm the system's advantages with regard to treatment performance, energy-efficiency and cost-effectiveness. In addition, a new possibility for extracting alginate-like exopolysaccharides (ALE) from aerobic granular sludge has emerged which could provide sustainable reuse opportunities. The case is therefore made for a shift away from the ‘activated sludge approach’ towards an ‘aerobic granular approach’, which would assist in addressing the challenges facing the wastewater treatment industry in Asia and beyond.
Biosolids composting at the Borough of Mechanicsburg, PA WWTP
Authors: Stephens Aaron B. , Callahan Jennifer , Challenger Lisa C. , Adams Ron 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The Borough of Mechanicsburg, located in central Pennsylvania, was experiencing challenges in finding sufficient agricultural fields to continue the beneficial use of their anaerobically digested liquid wastewater treatment plant Class B biosolids. At the time, the only alternative available was dewatering and going to landfill, which is significantly more expensive. Due to environmental concerns and costs related to the alternatives, biosolids composting was selected to produce a Class A/EQ (Exceptional Quality) biosolids product, thus providing expanded opportunities for beneficial use. From the initial feasibility review to operational status, the implementation spanned nine (9) years, starting in 2005. The upgrade to composting was in conjunction with many other plant upgrades. Material Matters, Inc. provided support through the entire process including the feasibility study, pilot testing, cost assessment, compost facility design requirements, equipment assessment and recommendation, start-up testing, software development, permitting, fertilizer registration, product promotion, and marketing.
Up-regulation of DMN Connectivity in Mild Cognitive Impairment Via Network-based Cognitive Training
Authors: De Marco Matteo , Meneghello Francesca , Pilosio Cristina , Rigon Jessica , Venneri Annalena 
Published: December 2017

Background:
Previous work designed a network-based protocol of cognitive training. This
programme exploits a mechanism of induced task-oriented co-activation of multiple regions that are part
of the default mode network (DMN), to induce functional rewiring and increased functional connectivity
within this network.

Objective:
In this study, the programme was administered to patients with a diagnosis of mild cognitive
impairment to test its effects in a clinical sample.

Method:
Twenty-three patients with mild cognitive impairment (mean age: 73.74 years, standard deviation
5.13, female/male ratio 13/10) allocated to the experimental condition, underwent one month of
computerised training, while fourteen patients (mean age: 73.14 years, standard deviation 6.16, female/
male ratio 7/7) assigned to the control condition underwent a regime of intense social engagement.
Patients were in the prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) as confirmed by clinical follow ups
for at least two years. The DMN was computed at baseline and retest, together with other, control patterns
of connectivity, grey matter maps and neuropsychological profiles.

Results:
A condition-by-timepoint interaction indicating increased connectivity triggered by the programme
was found in left parietal DMN regions. No decreases as well as no changes in the other networks
or morphology were found. Although between-condition cognitive changes did not reach statistical
significance, they correlated positively with changes in DMN connectivity in the left parietal region,
supporting the hypothesis that parietal changes were beneficial.

Conclusion:
This programme of cognitive training up-regulates a pattern of connectivity which is pathologically
down-regulated in AD. We argue that, when cognitive interventions are conceptualised as tools
to induce co-activation repeatedly, they can lead to clinically relevant improvements in brain functioning,
and can be of aid in support of pharmacological and other interventions in the earliest stages of
AD.
Kemampuan Reagen Curcumax Mendeteksi Boraks dalam Bakso yang Direbus
Authors: Astuti Erna Dwi , Nugroho Widagdo Sri 
Published: December 2017

Borax is a harmful compound to human health but sometimes was used illegally as preservative in meatball. Curcumax reagent is a compound which developed from the previous borax detector base on tumeric extract. This reagen was developed as an easy kit to apply in the field. This study aims were to determine accuracy of sight obesrvation and spectrophotometer to detected borax in boiled meatballs which tested by Curcumax and to determine the effect of boiling on the borax presence in the meatballs. This study was using meatballs groupas a control and another meatballs group preserve with borax 0.5%. Each treatment group was boiled in 0, 5, 10, and 15 minutes and each treatment unit had three replications which consist five meatballs each of them. Boraxdetection was done by mixing 1ml Curcumax reagent into 1 ml meatball extract. Qualitative examination of borax presence in the meatballs was known based on the color changing of tested meatball’s extract from yellow became orange (direct sight with eyes). The Quantitaive analysis was done by measured using spectrophotometer base on wave-length (λ) at 570 nm. Data was analyzed with ANOVA and continued by Least Significant Difference (LSD) analysis. Borax detection using curcumax based on sight sense against color change giving an inconsistence result. Meanwhile quantitative measurement by spectrophotometer more accurate than one. Curcumax had been detected borax in meatball which boiled for 15 minutes.
Teorías sobre los sistemas complejos
Authors: Soler B Yezid 
Published: December 2017

Resumen En la segunda mitad del siglo XX y en los comienzos del siglo XXI se ha intensificado el abordaje de la complejidad, de forma explícita y sistemática, desde diversas perspectivas conceptuales y experimentales. En el ámbito del Estado la dinámica del mundo contemporáneo exige contar con nuevas herramientas teóricas y prácticas de los sistemas complejos para la formulación y ejecución de nuevas políticas públicas. En este ensayo se tratan en particular los aportes efectuados por Edgar Morín, Boaventura, Maldonado, Murray, Prigogine, Bertalanffy, entre otros. Estos autores retoman y articulan diversas nociones, proposiciones, conceptos y categorías, que desde diversas trayectorias disciplinares, definen la complejidad y los sistemas complejos, sus principios, estrategias, caracterización, acuerdos y conflictos. En la segunda parte del ensayo se presenta la postura personal frente a la complejidad, las nociones, proposiciones y conceptos emergentes y la perspectiva para el diseño de la investigación.
Mahtava peräsin ja pulleat purjeet: lihavuus, naiskuva ja seksuaalisuus kolmessa suomalaisessa populaarimusiikkikappaleessa
Authors: Pääkkölä Anna-Elena 
Published: December 2017

Artikkelissa rakennetaan siltaa suomalaisen kulttuurisen musiikintutkimuksen ja feministisen kulttuurisen lihavuustutkimuksen välillä ensimmäistä kertaa. Tavoitteena on tarkastella kriittisesti painodiskursseja suomalaisessa populaarimusiikissa kolmen esimerkin kautta: Kipparikvartetin ‘On lautalla pienoinen kahvila’ (1951), Leevi and the Leavingsin ‘Sopivasti lihava’ (1988), ja Jukka Pojan ‘Pläski’ (2007). Musiikkia analysoidaan sekä lyriikoiden että soivan materiaalin tasolla kulttuurisen lähiluvun avulla (Middleton 2012, Richardson 2016) , erityistä huomiota painon kuvailuun kiinnittäen. Yhtenä lisänäkökulmana artikkelissa käytetään autoetnografiaa (Kyrölä 2014), jossa tutkija tuo omia muistikuviaan ilmi laulujen esitys- tai kuulemistilanteissa esimerkkinä lihavan ihmisen kokemuksesta painodiskurssin musiikillisesta kuvailusta. Laulujen ja niiden painodiskurssien kautta avautuu useita kysymyksiä koskien laulujen naiskuvia, niiden seksualisointia ja kehollistamista, sekä niiden ihannointia ja kammoksumista. Lisäksi artikkelissa analysoidaan suomalaisuuden käsitettä (Lehtonen, Löytty & Ruuska 2004) osana hyväksyttävää naiseutta ja lihavuutta.
Kipparikvartetin ‘On lautalla pienoinen kahvila’ kuvailee kahta naista, Sannia ja Marleenaa, joista toinen on kaunis, toinen pullukka. Leevi and the Leavingsin ‘Sopivasti lihava’ kuvailee lihavaa naista seksuaalisena fetissinä. Jukka Pojan ‘Pläski’ levittää kehopositiivista kuvaa antamalla luvan olla “pläski”, jota voi verrata hiphop-kulttuurin sanaan “phat” (Gross 2005). Kaikkien laulujen nais- ja kehokuvia lähestytään huumorin kautta. Artikkelissa pohditaan, onko ilakoiva, karnevalistinen lähestymistapa toiseuttava vai hyväksyvä strategia kuvaamaan lihavaa kehoa, ja miten haluttava naiseus kuvastuu lihavuuteen. Hyväksyttävä naiseus on kaikissa esimerkeissä kyseenalaistettu tila liittyen nimenomaan lihavuuteen, seksuaalisuuteen ja kehollisuuteen, ja tätä ambivalenttia suhtautumista kuvataan sekä lyriikkojen että soivan materiaalin tasolla.
Vanhustyön lähiesimies musiikillisena toimijana
Authors: Tähti Taru 
Published: December 2017

Kun musiikki- ja taidetoimintaa toteutetaan osana ikääntyneiden hoivaa, vanhustyön lähiesimiehet nousevat tärkeään rooliin. Lähiesimiesten kulttuuritoimintaan liittyvistä näkemyksistä ja kokemuksista ei ole kuitenkaan vielä kirjoitettu paljon. Tämän tutkimuksen keskiössä on heidän musiikillinen toimijuutensa: Miten lähiesimiehet vaikuttavat musiikkitoiminnalla vanhuspalveluiden arkeen? Kuinka vanhuspalveluiden sosiokulttuuriset käytännöt vaikuttavat lähiesimiesten musiikillisen toimintaan? Tutkimus pohjautuu taidelähtöisten hyvinvointipalveluiden kehittämistyöhön, jota tutkija on tehnyt soveltavana etnomusikologina yhteistyössä Sastamalan seudun sosiaali- ja terveyspalveluiden lähiesimiesten kanssa. Etnografisin menetelmin kerätty tutkimusaineisto on koottu vuosina 2012–2016.
Lähiesimiesten musiikillinen toimijuus näyttäytyy käytännön teoissa: he toimivat musiikkitoiminnan toteuttajina ja sitä kautta ikäihmisten hyvinvoinnin tukijoina, hoivatyöntekijöiden ohjaajina ja kannustajina sekä hoivayhteisön musiikillisten verkostojen rakentajina. Lisäksi esimiehet ylläpitävät musiikkitoiminnalla omaa työssä jaksamistaan ja kehittävät omaa ammatillista toimijuuttaan. Lähiesimiehen musiikillinen toimijuus on tiiviissä vuorovaikutussuhteessa työ- ja hoivayhteisön muiden toimijoiden kanssa: toisaalta lähiesimiehet mahdollistavat ja rajaavat toiminnallaan asiakkaiden, työntekijöiden ja kollegoiden musiikillista toimijuutta, toisaalta muiden työntekijöiden asenteet ja tekemiset sekä annetut resurssit vaikuttavat heidän omiin mahdollisuuksiinsa viedä eteenpäin musiikki- ja muuta kulttuuritoimintaa. Vanhustenhoitoyhteisön jäsenet muodostavat yhdessä toimintaympäristön, joka rajaa ja määrää sekä toisaalta ohjaa ja mahdollistaa heidän yksilöllistä ja yhteisöllistä musiikillista toimijuuttaan.
Kulttuurisen vanhustyön käytäntöjä suunniteltaessa on tärkeää huomioida myös lähiesimiesten ja päälliköiden henkilökohtainen suhde taiteeseen. Oman musiikillisen kokemuksen ja toiminnan kautta esimiehille voi aueta uusia mahdollisuuksia kiinnostua itsestään sekä ammatillisena että taiteellisena toimijana ja merkitysten antajana sekä ymmärrystä ja välineitä sosiaali- ja terveysalan hoiva- ja työyhteisöiden arkisiin haasteisiin.
Ngā Tikanga Whakamāori Kōrero
Authors: Kelly Hemi 
Published: December 2017

Nō te whakamanatanga o te Ture Reo Māori i te tau 1987 ka ara ake i tana moe te mahi nei o te whakamāori kōrero. Nā te ākinga e taua ture i puāwai ai te ahumahi whakamāori i ngā tau tata o muri mai, ā, mohoa nei e kaha tonu ana i te rāngai pāpāho, i te rāngai ture me te rāngai mātauranga. Hei tā Te Rōpū Kaiwhakamāori ā-waha, ā-tuhi o Aotearoa1 e tika ai tētehi whakamāoritanga me mau tonu te aronga ake o ngā kōrero ake, ā, kia kaua rawa atu te whakaaro e whakariroia, e tāpirihia, e tangohia rānei e te kaiwhakamāori.2 Ahakoa he aha te reo, ahakoa te momo reo, kei te kaiwhakamāori te haepapa ki te whakatutuki i tēnā whāinga, engari te kaiwhakamāori tuhinga pakimaero, ko te wātea ōna kei te āhua o tāna whakamāori i te tuhinga, inā hoki, kotahi te kōrero, manomano whakamāoritanga. E rua ngā tino tikanga hei whāinga mā te kaiwhakamāori; ko tētehi ko te whakaahurea-tauiwi3 i te kōrero, arā, ko te mau tonu ki te ahurea me ngā ariā o te tuhinga ake, ahakoa pēwhea nei te rerekē o taua ahurea me aua ariā i ō te reo tuarua. Tēnā ko tēnei, ko te whakaahurea-māori4 i te kōrero, arā, ko te whakahāngai mai i te ahurea me ngā ariā o te tuhinga ake ki ō te reo tuarua (Yang, 2010). Ehara noa iho i te whakamāori ākupu, engari he whakamāori i te ahurea kia tau ai te noho o te kōrero i roto i te reo tuarua. Kāti, kia tirohia ētehi tauira o mua me ētehi o nā tata nei i whakamāorihia mai i te reo Pākehā e whai ana i ēnei tikanga whakamāori e rua. Mā te pēnā e mōhiotia ai me pēwhea te kaiwhakamāori tuhinga pakimaero i ēnei rā. Ko te Paipera Tapu te pukapuka kua kaha rawa te whakamāorihia, huri i te ao. Kua eke tonu ki te 3000 ngā reo o tēnei pukapuka (Wycliffe Global Alliance, 2017). Nō te tau 1827 i tāia tuatahitia ai ētehi wāhanga o te Paipera Tapu i Poihākena. He mea whakamāori aua wāhanga nā ngā mihingare, nā Henry “Karuwhā” rāua ko tana teina, ko William “Parata” Williams (New Zealand Bible Society, 2017). Kei whea rā he tauira i tua atu i tā rāua i waiho mai ai hei whakaatu i te tikanga o te whakaahurea-tauiwi i te kōrero? Ahakoa he rerekē noa atu tā te Karaitiana titiro ki te ao, i tā te Māori, kāore ngā koroua rā i paku whai ki te whakaahurea-māori i ngā kōrero. Heoi anō, he whāinga anō tā ngā mihingare i pēnā ai rātou. Nā te pēnā i ako ai ngā iwi Māori i ngā tikanga me ngā ariā ā-ahurea o te whakapono Karaitiana.
IMPACT CASH FLOW RIGHT LEVERAGE OF CONTROLLING SHAREHOLDER ON PERFORMANCE IN INDONESIA
Authors: Sanjaya I Putu Sugiartha 
Published: December 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of cash flow rights leverage of controlling shareholder on performance. The ownership of common stock has some rights such as control rights and cash flow rights. Control rights are the rights of common shareholders to elect board of directors and other company’s policies, such as the issuence of securities, stock split and substansial changes in company’s operation (Du and Dai, 2005). Cash flow rights are the financial claims of shareholders on the companies (La Porta et al., 1999). Case in Indonesia, commonly there are differences between control rights and cash flow rights. It is called cash flow right leverage. The large leverage indicates the large agency conflict between controlling shareholder and non-controlling shareholders. The low leverage indicates the low agency conflict. It will impact on performance. If the control rights are greater than cash flow rights, it indicates the larger agency problem. It indicates that the power of the controlling shareholder in the company is larger than claim to the firm. It is incentive for a controlling shareholder to expropriate non-controlling shareholders through utilizing assets of company for his/her private benefit. This study uses the sample of the manufacturing companies listed in the Indonesian Stock Exchange during the period 2001-2007. Performance is measured by Return on Assets (ROA). The results of this study show that the cash flow right leverage of controlling shareholder has negative impacts on performance. It means the large agency conflict (cash flow right leverage) between controlling and non-controlling shareholders reduce performance. The results of this study can give contribution for Indonesia Financial Service Authority (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK)) to monitor public companies in Indonesia. This institution more focus for companies which has large cash flow right leverage. Because, it indicates the large agency problem between controlling and non-controlling shareholders.
PENGARUH STRUKTUR KEPEMILIKAN TERHADAP KINERJA PERUSAHAAN PADA SEKTOR KEUANGAN YANG TERCATAT DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PADA TAHUN 2007-2010
Authors: Hastuti Rini Tri , Suhendah Rousilita 
Published: December 2017

This research examine the effect of insider ownership and institutional ownership on corporate performance on financial sector that listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange on 2007-2010.There is 11th banking on this sample with multiple purposive sampling criteria. Research data was collected from Indonesian Capital Market Diectory. This research findings are insider ownership significant effected operational expenses to operational income ratio and Loan to deposit ratio. But this failed to examine that institusional ownership effect operational expenses to operational income ratio and Loan to deposit ratio. The result of this study revealed that insider ownership and institusional ownership did not affect leverage.
Symbolic Media Consumption
Authors: Förster Kati , Kleinen-von Königslöw Katharina , Archiv Medienjournal 
Published: December 2017

Mehr als jemals zuvor sind Konsumpraktiken Ausdruck individueller Selbstkonzepte. Das trifft in gleicher Weise auch auf Mediennutzungsgewohnheiten zu. Medien werden damit selbst zu „Zutaten“ fu?r die eigene Identitätsarbeit, dies umso mehr als Mediennutzungspräferenzen zunehmend in sozialen Medien gezeigt werden. Das Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrags besteht darin, die symbolische Bedeutung der Mediennutzung fu?r die soziale Identitätsarbeit zu untersuchen. Dazu wurden mit Online-Tagebu?chern (n = 59) die Mediennutzungsgewohnheiten junger Erwachsener u?ber einen Zeitraum von vier Wochen erhoben. Basierend auf diesen Ergebnissen wurden zwölf Genres ausgewählt und deren symbolische Bedeutung erhoben. Dazu wurde ein projektives Verfahren verwendet (n = 225). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass lediglich sechs der zwölf untersuchten Genres dazu geeignet sind, eine bestimmte Gruppenzugehörigkeit gegenu?ber anderen zu signalisieren: Nachrichten als Information, Comedy als performativer Inhalt und Komödien als fiktionale Unterhaltung sind Genres, die als ‚sozialer Kleber‘ fungieren. Dem gegenu?ber verstärken Society-Formate, Scripted Dokus und Fantasy/ScienceFiction/Horror-Formate die Distinktion. Sie verringern einerseits die Sympathie und erhöhen die wahrgenommen Unterschiede zur Gruppe.