bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modified neural network based cascaded control for product composition of reactive distillation
Authors: Sakhre Vandana , Jain Sanjeev , Sapkal V. S. , Agarwal D.P. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
In this research work, neural network based single loop and cascaded control strategies, based on Feed Forward Neural Network trained with Back Propagation (FBPNN) algorithm is carried out to control the product composition of reactive distillation. The FBPNN is modified using the steepest descent method. This modification is suggested for optimization of error function. The weights connecting the input and hidden layer, hidden and output layer is optimized using steepest descent method which causes minimization of mean square error and hence improves the response of the system. FBPNN, as the inferential soft sensor is used for composition estimation of reactive distillation using temperature as a secondary process variable. The optimized temperature profile of the reactive distillation is selected as input to the neural network. Reboiler heat duty is selected as a manipulating variable in case of single loop control strategy while the bottom stage temperature T9 is selected as a manipulating variable for cascaded control strategy. It has been observed that modified FBPNN gives minimum mean square error. It has also been observed from the results that cascaded control structure gives improved dynamic response as compared to the single loop control strategy.
Synthesis and characterization of the aluminium phosphates modified with ammonium, calcium and molybdenum by hydrothermal method
Authors: Łuczka Kinga , Grzmil Barbara , Kic Bogumił , Kowalczyk Krzysztof 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Synthesis and characterization of the aluminum phosphates modified with ammonium, calcium and molybdenum were conducted. The influence of process parameters (reactive pressure and molar ratios) in the reaction mixture were studied. The contents of the individual components in the products were in the range of: 10.97–17.31 wt% Al, 2.65–13.32 wt% Ca, 0.70–3.11 wt% Mo, 4.36–8.38 wt% NH3, and 35.12–50.54 wt% P2O5. The materials obtained in the experiments were characterized by various physicochemical parameters. The absorption oil number was in the range from 67 to 89 of oil/100 g of product, the surface area was within the range of 4–76 m2/g, whereas the average particle size of products reached 282–370 nm. The Tafel tests revealed comparable anticorrosive properties of aluminum phosphates modified with ammonium, calcium, molybdenum in comparison with commercial phosphate.
Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) from the Tervuren Museum, 7: The archipine genus Labidosa DIAKONOFF, 1960
Authors: Razowski Józef 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Ten species of Labidosa are discussed; three of them (L. fontainei sp. n., L. angolana sp. n., L. spania sp. n.) are newly described; five species are transferred to Labidosa from other genera. New combinations: the following three species, L. cerioschema, L. cyanombra and L. myriodesma are transferred from Homona and L. symmetra from Cacoecia to Labidosa.
Veronica longifolia L. as an important initial larval food plant of Scarce Fritillary Euphydryas maturna (LINNAEUS, 1758) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae): the ecological uniqueness of populations from the Natura 2000 area “Dolina Biebrzy” (Biebrza Valley) in NE Poland
Authors: Sielezniew Marcin , Dziekańska Izabela 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The Euro-Siberian Scarce Fritillary Euphydryas maturna is considered a vulnerable species in the European Union and is listed in Annexes II and IV of the Habitats Directive. The butterfly shows a complex pattern of larval plant use throughout its range. In central Europe females oviposit on some trees and bushes, especially Fraxinus spp., on which hatched larvae spend their pre-diapause phase of development feeding gregariously in conspicuous webs. However, some herbal plants are also reported in the north and east. During a study performed in the Natura 2000 area “Dolina Biebrzy” (Biebrza Valley) in NE Poland we recorded populations showing a unique mixture of ecological characteristics. Both Fraxinus excelsior and Veronica longifolia were used as larval food plants before hibernation, and some local populations seemed to be completely dependent on the latter plant. Moreover, in the spring, at one site, we observed larvae feeding on Salix rosmarinifolia - the first host record for this plant species. The importance of our findings for conservation, as well as for the monitoring of the butterfly, is discussed.
Physical Education Students’ Knowledge of Selected Safe and Non-Recommended Exercises Strengthening the Abdominal Muscles
Authors: Kędra Agnieszka , Czaprowski Dariusz 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Introduction. The aim of the study was to assess final-year physical education (PE) students’ knowledge of exercises strengthening the abdominal muscles which are used in the introductory part of a PE lesson. Material and methods. The research involved 467 final-year physical education students. The group examined included undergraduate (Bachelor) and postgraduate (Master) students from four universities in Poland. A knowledge test with photographs was used to conduct the study. The students completed the knowledge test with one of the authors present. If the students had any questions regarding the exercises included in the test, they were demonstrated by the person in the photographs. The data were analysed using the Mann- Whitney-Wilcoxon test. Kendall’s concordance coefficient was used to assess reliability and measure the agreement between the opinions of a group of experts who were asked to rate the exercises in terms of their safety and effectiveness. The calculations were made with the use of statistical and calculation software (SPSS 9.0 for Windows). An alpha value < 0.05 was accepted as the level of significance of differences between the groups of undergraduate and postgraduate students. Results. Eighty-two participants (17.6%) performed the task correctly, selecting all the safe exercises, 139 students (29.8%) made one error, while 110 marked all the overloading and ineffective exercises as safe. Conclusions. The students’ knowledge of safe exercises strengthening the abdominal muscles was insufficient. Both undergraduate and postgraduate students demonstrated similar knowledge concerning these exercises.
A two-dimensional simulation to predict the electrical behavior of carbon nanotube/polymer composites
Authors: Malekie Shahryar , Ziaie Farhood 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
In this research work, a two-dimensional model for randomly dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) in polymer hosts was used to predict the electrical percolation threshold (EPT) of the resulted composites in different concentrations of CNT. This was performed under a fixed DC voltage for different polymer matrices, such as high-density polyethylene, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polycarbonate, and polyethylene terephthalate via finite element method (FEM). The predicted EPT values in different composites were validated by experimental results published by other scientists. Results show that the electrical conductivity of the composites was strongly dependent on CNT weight percentages. Also, adding CNTs to the polymer matrix caused a decrease in the tunneling distance for various polymers in composites. Our results show that FEM could capture more details in the prediction of EPT in the nanocomposites.
Long-term changes of Daugava River ice phenology under the impact of the cascade of hydro power plants
Authors: Apsîte Elga , Elferts Didzis , Latkovska Inese 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
This paper presents the results of the study of long-term changes of Daugava River ice phenology, i.e. the freeze-up date, the break-up date, and the duration of ice cover from 1919/1920 to 2011/2012, under the impact of the cascade of hydro power plants. The long-term changes of ice phenology were determined by global climate warming at the turn of the 20th and the 21st centuries and anthropogenic activities after the year 1939. The Mann-Kendall test showed that the ice freeze-up date has a positive trend, while the ice break-up date and the duration of ice cover had negative trends. The changes were statistically significant. Data series covering twenty years before and after construction of the hydro power plants were used for assessing the impact of each hydro power plant on changes of Daugava River ice phenology parameters. The study results showed that the duration of ice cover was significantly longer in water reservoirs, i.e. the freeze-up date was earlier and the break-up date was later. Downstream of dams duration of ice cover was shorter with later freeze-up dates and earlier break-up dates. The impact of hydro power plants on ice phenology parameters gradually decreased with distance down from the dams.
Long-term changes in the water temperature of rivers in Latvia
Authors: Latkovska Inese , Apsīte Elga 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The study describes the trends of monthly mean water temperature (from May to October) and the annual maximum water temperature of the rivers in Latvia during the time period from 1945 to 2000. The results demonstrated that the mean water temperatures during the monitoring period from May to October were higher in the largest rivers (from 13.6 °C to 16.1 °C) compared to those in the smallest rivers (from 11.5 °C to 15.7 °C). Similar patterns were seen for the maximum water temperature: in large rivers from 22.9 °C to 25.7 °C, and in small rivers from 20.8 °C to 25.8 °C. Generally, lower water temperatures occurred in rivers with a high groundwater inflow rate, for example, in rivers of the Gauja basin, in particular, in the Amata River. Mann-Kendall test results demonstrated that during the monitoring period from May to October, mean water temperatures had a positive trend. However, the annual maximum temperature had a negative trend.
The Process of Shrinkage as a Challenge to Urban Governance
Authors: Stryjakiewicz Tadeusz , Jaroszewska Emilia 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
For many decades most researchers, planners and local authorities have been focusing almost exclusively on urban growth and its socio-economic and spatial consequences. However, in the current debate concerning the future of cities and regions in Europe the process of their shrinkage starts to attract more attention. In the conditions of a declining population, urban governance is an important challenge for local authorities, being usually much more difficult than during the periods of population growth.
The experience of cities affected by shrinkage shows that there is no simple method of counteracting negative consequences of this process. Regeneration strategies vary a lot, depending mostly on the way the problem is perceived by both central and local governments. The strategies can either choose an adaptive approach (the acceptance of shrinkage and adjustment to it), or attempt to renew growth (shrinkage is treated as just a temporary phenomenon). Quite often the problem is ignored and no action is taken at all.
In the paper the authors discuss the conditions and consequences of different approaches towards the process of shrinkage and present examples of regeneration strategies (together with their assessment). They conclude with recommendations for future urban policies.
Spatiality of Local Governments in European Intermediate Urban Regions: A Methodological Approach
Authors: Breuer Christophe , Halleux Jean-Marie 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Local authorities are central actors in the governance of European intermediate urban regions. In this paper, we propose a methodology to analyse the fragmentation of local authorities within 119 urban regions. We tested several European databases to create indicators of fragmentation and to develop a typology of fragmentation within cities. Our results show that the Eurostat Cities programme gives a consistent spatial definition of urban regions and that their fragmentation is mainly influenced by national contexts. The developed methodology is a contribution to the debate on territorial reforms and urban governance transformations.
Inter-Municipal Cooperation in Waste Management: The Case of Poland
Authors: Kołsut Bartłomiej 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
This article seeks to present the scale of inter-municipal cooperation in waste management in Poland in the light of the role of three key factors of cooperation. The first shows spatial regularities in the distribution of inter-municipal bodies involved in waste management in Poland, both in the system of voivodeships and historical-cultural regions. The second is institutional conditions confirming the scale of the Europeanisation of public policies taking place in Poland. It embraces the implementation of the EU legal framework in the Polish legal system and the cooperative behaviour of municipalities as a result of those changes. The third is a negative verification of the assumptions of the economic theory upholding the role of financial motivation in establishing cooperation (looking for savings and economies of scale to reduce unit cost); the presented results do not corroborate this type of motivation.
Model of Environmental Problems Priority Arising from the use of Environmental and Natural Resources in Machinery Sectors of Thailand
Authors: Sutthichaimethee Pruethsan , Sawangdee Yothin 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The objective of this research is to propose an indicator to evaluate environmental impacts from the Machinery sectors of Thailand, leading to more sustainable consumption and production in this sector of the economy. The factors used to calculate the Forward Linkage, Backward Linkage and Real Benefit were the Total Environmental Costs. The highest total environmental cost was Railway Equipment which needs to be resolved immediately because it uses natural resources more than its carrying capacity, higher environmental cost than standard, and contributes low real benefit. Electric Accumulator & Battery, Secondary Special Industrial Machinery, Motorcycle, Bicycle & Other Carriages, and Engines and Turbines need to be monitored closely because they are able to link to other production sectors more than any other production sectors do, and they have high environmental cost. To decide a sustainable development strategy of the country, therefore, results of this research must be used to support decision-making.
Algae Biofuel in the Nigerian Energy Context
Authors: Elegbede Isa , Guerrero Cinthya 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The issue of energy consumption is one of the issues that have significantly become recognized as an important topic of global discourse. Fossil fuels production reportedly experiencing a gradual depletion in the oil-producing nations of the world. Most studies have relatively focused on biofuel development and adoption, however, the awareness of a prospect in the commercial cultivation of algae having potential to create economic boost in Nigeria, inspired this research. This study aims at exploring the potential of the commercialization of a different but commonly found organism, algae, in Nigeria. Here, parameters such as; water quality, light, carbon, average temperature required for the growth of algae, and additional beneficial nutrients found in algae were analysed. A comparative cum qualitative review of analysis was used as the study made use of empirical findings on the work as well as the author’s deductions. The research explored the cultivation of algae with the two major seasonal differences (i.e. rainy and dry) in Nigeria as a backdrop. The results indicated that there was no significant difference in the contribution of algae and other sources of biofuels as a necessity for bioenergy in Nigeria. However, for an effective sustainability of this prospect, adequate measures need to be put in place in form of funding, provision of an economically-enabling environment for the cultivation process as well as proper healthcare service in the face of possible health hazard from technological processes. Further studies can seek to expand on the potential of cultivating algae in the Harmattan season.
Street Geometry Factors Influence Urban Microclimate in Tropical Coastal Cities: A Review
Authors: Shafaghat Arezou , Manteghi Golnoosh , Keyvanfar Ali , Bin Lamit Hasanuddin , Saito Kei , Ossen Dilshan Remaz 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Urban climatologists have moved smoothly towards urban geometry meso-scales as obstruction between buildings, streets, and urban environment. Urban climatologists and designers have expressed that urban geometry parameters affect urban microclimate conditions. Improper functioning of the geometry factors, particularly air temperature and wind speed, can increase the harshness of climate change and Urban Heat Island (UHI) defects, which are more critical in coastal cities of tropical regions. In this regard, the current study aimed to identify the impact of each street geometry factor on urban microclimate through a critical literature review. The research determined a total of twenty seven (27) factors within three clusters; 1) geometry factors, 2) meteorological factors, and 3) streetscape factors. The content analysis calculated the Depth of Citation (DoC) which refers to the cumulative importance level of each factor. The content analysis resulted air temperature (Ta) (DoC = 18 out of 28) is the most important street geometry factor that should be extensively considered in urban microclimate studies in coastal cities. In contrast, the factors (such as air pollution and traffic load) have received a minimum Doc (1 out of 28). The research has also analyzed the importance level of clusters through an expert input study using Grounded Group Decision Making (GGDM) method. The results show that meteorological cluster (92 %), streetscape cluster (86 %), and geometry cluster (85 %) have to be respectively implemented in urban microclimate studies in coastal cities. The research states there are new approaches have not yet been touched by urban climatologist affecting urban microclimate; included; surface materials, sea-borne dust and sand, user’s satisfaction, user’s thermal adaptive behavior. These approaches can potentially exacerbate UHI effects in coastal cities, which need further research.
The issue of ethnic identity and aspects of cross-cultural orientation of the Greeks in Georgia (the example of Ts’alk’a Greeks)
Authors: Melikishvili Liana , Jalabadze Natia 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
After the fall of the Soviet Union, the issue of ethnic identity has gained in importance among Georgia’s multiethnic communities. Groups of different ethnic and cultural backgrounds faced the challenge of choosing a common language of communication, and they must address issues related to their ethno-cultural preferences. Using the example of Ts’alk’a Greeks – the largest Greek community in Georgia – this article discusses aspects of maintaining an ethnic identity in a multiethnic environment, and identifies visible trends of cross-cultural orientation. How do Greeks manage to preserve their ethnic identity, and what is their strategy based on? What determines the orientation of Greeks towards the different groups? The present study argues that culture (i. e. language, religion, traditions, customs, etc.) is crucial in this regard.
From double to dependent marking? An investigation of possessive constructions in Caucasian Urum
Authors: Neugebauer Johanna 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSpeakers of the Turkic variety Caucasian Urum use different strategies for morphologically marking attributive possessive relations. This article presents the results of an experimental study conducted in Tbilisi with the aim of revealing if speakers systematically differentiate in their use of possession markers, and if so, if this is influenced by internal factors such asalienabilityof the word andcomplexityof the phrase. Furthermore, the speakers’ ages were taken into account. Results showed that in possessive constructions, it is especially the head-marking possessive suffix that is occasionally omitted. Post-hoc analysis showed the unexpected influence ofalienabilityon single NP’s possessive marking, even in non-possessive constructions. The results lead to the assumption that the process of constructing possessive phrases is highly influenced by the contact language, Russian.
From syntagmatic to paradigmatic spatial zeroes: The loss of the prepositionsein inner Asia Minor Greek
Authors: Karatsareas Petros , Georgakopoulos Thanasis 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe trace the diachronic development of the prepositionsein inner Asia Minor Greek from its use to mark a range of spatial functions to its ultimate loss and replacement by zero. We propose that, before spreading to all syntactic and semantic contexts, zero-marking was contextually-dependent on the presence/absence of a prenominal genitive modifying the head noun of Ground-encoding NPs and on the presence/absence of Region-encoding postpositions. We attribute these developments to an informational load relief strategy aimed at producing more economical utterances, as well as to language contact with Turkish, which favored structural convergence on the adpositional level between the two languages.
Conceptualizing the metaphors of drug abusers
Authors: Gyuró Monika 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The intention of this article is to demonstrate, within the framework of cognitive linguistics (Lakoff and Johnson, 1980a), how slang words associated with substance abuse are conceptualized via metaphors. This study analyses recreational drug slang terms found in the Drug Slang Dictionary in order to reveal categories of metaphors involved in drug users’ language. The results of the data analysis effectively reveal that, within a thematic approach, classes of metaphor are coded to enable connections between metaphorical concepts and drug addicts’ physiological experiences in order to present their personal meanings and cognitive processes. The study also involves drug addicts’ narratives to identify conceptual metaphors in their experiences. Notably, it is argued within this research that figurative language use is also connected to the cultural background of users to a great extent.
Power in communication: revisiting power studies
Authors: Kucherenko Svetlana N. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
This paper revisits a range of theories of power in communication and argues that there has been no methodology able to grasp the multiplicity of power in communication as a concept. As a result, the present scholarship on power in communication is characterized by a multiplicity of approaches that a) use the concept of power as a self-explanatory or vague concept in the analysis of several interactional phenomena; b) draw on a particular approach to power, disregarding multiple workings of power; or c) acknowledge the complexity of power and synthesize various approaches to power.
Divergence of Populations of Yellow Wagtail, Motacilla flava, and Citrine wagtaill, Motacilla citreola (Motacillidae, Passeriformes), in the Middle Volga of Russia
Authors: Artemieva E. A. , Mishchenko A. V. , Makarov D. K. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Blood samples of “yellow” wagtails collected in the areas geographically representing the Middle Volga breeding populations of these species were investigated. After isolation of mtDNA barkoding of studied “yellow” wagtails species was conducted. Amplification of the subunit of cytochrome oxidase I gene used as a genetic marker for the comparison of the samples was carried out. After sequencing and sequence alignment of gene cytochrome c-oxidase I, based on the comparison of genetic distances between individuals of the studied species using Jalview phylogenetic trees of populations of species Motacilla flava Linnaeus, 1758 and Motacilla citreola Pallas, 1776 were constructed.