bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the torsion group of elliptic curves induced by D(4)-triples
Authors: Dujella Andrej , Mikić Miljen 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
A D(4)-m-tuple is a set of m integers such that the product of any two of them increased by 4 is a perfect square. A problem of extendibility of D(4)-m-tuples is closely connected with the properties of elliptic curves associated with them. In this paper we prove that the torsion group of an elliptic curve associated with a D(4)-triple can be either ℤ/2ℤ × ℤ/2ℤ or ℤ/2ℤ × ℤ/6ℤ, except for the D(4)-triple {−1, 3, 4} when the torsion group is ℤ/2ℤ × ℤ/4ℤ.
Characterization of Speherical Helices in Euclidean 3-Space
Authors: Ekmekci Nejat , Okuyucu O. Zeki , Yayli Yusuf 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
In this paper, we calculate Frenet frames of the tangent indicatrix (t), principal normal indicatrix (n) and binormal indicatrix (b) of the curve α in ℝ3 which are spherical curves. Also, we give some differential equations which are characterizations for (t), (n) and (b) to be general helix. Morever we give a characterization for tangent indicatrix (t) to be a circle.
Reflection and transmission of waves from imperfect boundary between two heat conducting micropolar thermoelastic solids
Authors: Sharma Kunal , Marin Marin 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The problem of reflection and transmission of plane waves at an imperfect boundary between two thermally conducting micropolar elastic solid half spaces with two temperature is investigated. Amplitude ratio of various reflected and transmitted waves are presented when a set of coupled longitudinal wave (LD-wave) and thermal wave (T-wave) and a set of coupled transverse wave and microrotation waves (CDI, CDII) is made incident. The expressions for reflection and transmission coefficients which are the ratios of the amplitudes of reflected and transmitted waves at different angles of incident wave are obtained. The corresponding expressions for the normal force stiffness, transverse force stiffness, transverse couple stiffness and perfect bonding has also been included. Stiffness and two temperature e ects on these amplitude ratios with angle of incidence have been depicted graphically. Some special and particular cases are also discussed.
A multivalued version of Krasnoselskii’s theorem in generalized Banach spaces
Authors: Petre Ioan-Radu 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to extend Krasnoselskii’s fixed point theorem to the case of generalized Banach spaces for multivalued operators. As application, we will give an existence result for a system of Fredholm-Volterra type differential inclusions.
Numerical Decomposition of Affine Algebraic Varieties
Authors: Rashed Shawki AL , Pfister Gerhard 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
An irreducible algebraic decomposition

∪

i
=
0

d

X
i

=

∪

i
=
0

d

(

∪

j
=
1

d
i

X
ij

)

$ \cup _{i = 0}^d X_i = \cup _{i = 0}^d ({\cup _{j = 1}^{d_i } X_{ij} } )$

of an affine algebraic variety X can be represented as a union of finite disjoint sets

∪

i
=
0

d

W
i

=

∪

i
=
0

d

(

∪

j
=
1

d
i

W
ij

)

$\cup _{i = 0}^d W_i = \cup _{i = 0}^d ({\cup _{j = 1}^{d_i } W_{ij} } )$

called numerical irreducible decomposition (cf. [14],[15],[18],[19],[20],[22],[23],[24]). The Wi
correspond to the pure i-dimensional components Xi
, and the Wij
present the i-dimensional irreducible components Xij
. The numerical irreducible decomposition is implemented in Bertini (cf. [3]). The algorithms use homotopy continuation methods. We modify this concept using partially Gröbner bases, triangular sets, local dimension, and the so-called zero sum relation. We present in this paper the corresponding algorithms and their implementations in Singular (cf. [8]). We give some examples and timings, which show that the modified algorithms are more efficient if the number of variables is not too large. For a large number of variables Bertini is more efficient*.
Algebraic properties of the binomial edge ideal of a complete bipartite graph
Authors: Schenzel Peter , Zafar Sohail 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Let JG
denote the binomial edge ideal of a connected undirected graph on n vertices. This is the ideal generated by the binomials xiyj − xjyi, 1 ≤ i < j≤ n, in the polynomial ring S = K[x
1, . . . , xn, y
1, . . . , yn
] where {i, j} is an edge of G. We study the arithmetic properties of S/JG
for G, the complete bipartite graph. In particular we compute dimensions, depths, Castelnuovo-Mumford regularities, Hilbert functions and multiplicities of them. As main results we give an explicit description of the modules of deficiencies, the duals of local cohomology modules, and prove the purity of the minimal free resolution of S/JG
.
Extremal problems on the generalized (n, d)-equiangular system of points
Authors: Targonskii A. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The paper of Lavrent’ev [1] was the beginning of geometrical theory of functions of the complex variable. He solved a problem on the product of conformal radiuses of two non-overlapping domains. In many papers (see [2] – [13]) the Lavrent’ev’s result are generalized. In this paper are obtained the new results of this direction.
Measurement Properties of the Lower Extremity Functional Scale: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mehta Saurabh P. , Fulton Allison , Quach Cedric , Thistle Megan , Toledo Cesar , Evans Neil A. 
Published: January 2016

Study Design Systematic review of measurement properties. Background Many primary studies have examined the measurement properties, such as reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change, of the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) in different clinical populations. A systematic review summarizing these properties for the LEFS may provide an important resource. Objective To locate and synthesize evidence on the measurement properties of the LEFS and to discuss the clinical implications of the evidence. Methods A literature search was conducted in 4 databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL), using predefined search terms. Two reviewers performed a critical appraisal of the included studies using a standardized assessment form. Results A total of 27 studies were included in the review, of which 18 achieved a very good to excellent methodological quality level. The LEFS scores demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients ranging between 0.85 and 0.99) and demonstrated the expected relationships with measures assessing similar constructs (Pearson correlation coefficient values of greater than 0.7). The responsiveness of the LEFS scores was excellent, as suggested by consistently high effect sizes (greater than 0.8) in patients with different lower extremity conditions. Minimal detectable change at the 90% confidence level (MDC90) for the LEFS scores varied between 8.1 and 15.3 across different reassessment intervals in a wide range of patient populations. The pooled estimate of the MDC90 was 6 points and the minimal clinically important difference was 9 points in patients with lower extremity musculoskeletal conditions, which are indicative of true change and clinically meaningful change, respectively. Conclusion The results of this review support the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the LEFS scores for assessing functional impairment in a wide array of patient groups with lower extremity musculoskeletal conditions. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(3):200–216. Epub 26 Jan 2016. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.6165
COMPARISON OF CHAOTIC AND FRACTAL PROPERTIES OF POLAR FACULAE WITH SUNSPOT ACTIVITY
Authors: Deng L. H. , Li B. , Xiang Y. Y. , Dun G. T. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
The solar magnetic activity is governed by a complex dynamo mechanism and exhibits a nonlinear dissipation behavior in nature. The chaotic and fractal properties of solar time series are of great importance to understanding the solar dynamo actions, especially with regard to the nonlinear dynamo theories. In the present work, several nonlinear analysis approaches are proposed to investigate the nonlinear dynamical behavior of the polar faculae and sunspot activity for the time interval from 1951 August to 1998 December. The following prominent results are found: (1) both the high- and the low-latitude solar activity are governed by a three-dimensional chaotic attractor, and the chaotic behavior of polar faculae is the most complex, followed by that of the sunspot areas, and then the sunspot numbers; (2) both the high- and low-latitude solar activity exhibit a high degree of persistent behavior, and their fractal nature is due to such long-range correlation; (3) the solar magnetic activity cycle is predictable in nature, but the high-accuracy prediction should only be done for short- to mid-term due to its intrinsically dynamical complexity. With the help of the Babcock–Leighton dynamo model, we suggest that the nonlinear coupling of the polar magnetic fields with strong active-region fields exhibits a complex manner, causing the statistical similarities and differences between the polar faculae and the sunspot-related indicators.
DIRECT SPECTRAL DETECTION: AN EFFICIENT METHOD TO DETECT AND CHARACTERIZE BINARY SYSTEMS
Authors: Gullikson Kevin , Kraus Adam , Dodson-Robinson Sarah , Jaffe Daniel , Lee Jeong-Eun , Mace Gregory N. , MacQueen Phillip , Park Sunkyung , Riddle Andrew 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
Young, intermediate-mass stars are experiencing renewed interest as targets for direct-imaging planet searches. However, these types of stars are part of multiple systems more often than not. Close stellar companions affect the formation and orbital architecture of planetary systems, and the properties of the companions can help constrain the binary formation mechanism. Unfortunately, close companions are difficult and expensive to detect with imaging techniques. In this paper, we describe the direct spectral detection method wherein a high-resolution spectrum of the primary is cross-correlated against a template for a companion star. Variants of this method have previously been used to search for stellar, brown dwarf, and even planetary companions. We show that the direct spectral detection method can detect companions as late as M-type orbiting A0 or earlier primary stars in a single epoch on small-aperture telescopes. In addition to estimating the detection limits, we determine the sources of uncertainty in characterizing the companion temperature, and find that large systematic biases can exist. After calibrating the systematic biases with synthetic binary star observations, we apply the method to a sample of 34 known binary systems with an A- or B-type primary star. We detect nine total companions, including four of the five known companions with literature temperatures between 4000 K

, the temperature range for which our method is optimized. We additionally characterize the companion for the first time in two previously single-lined binary systems and one binary identified with speckle interferometry. This method provides an inexpensive way to use small-aperture telescopes to detect binary companions with moderate mass ratios, and is competitive with high-resolution imaging techniques inside ∼100–200 mas.
RADIAL STAR FORMATION HISTORIES IN 15 NEARBY GALAXIES
Authors: Dale Daniel A. , Beltz-Mohrmann Gillian D. , Egan Arika A. , Hatlestad Alan J. , Herzog Laura J. , Leung Andrew S. , McLane Jacob N. , Phenicie Christopher , Roberts Jareth S. , Barnes Kate L. , Boquien Médéric , Calzetti Daniela , Cook David O. , Kobulnicky Henry A. , Staudaher Shawn M. , Zee Liese van 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
New deep optical and near-infrared imaging is combined with archival ultraviolet and infrared data for 15 nearby galaxies mapped in the Spitzer Extended Disk Galaxy Exploration Science survey. These images are particularly deep and thus excellent for studying the low surface brightness outskirts of these disk-dominated galaxies with stellar masses ranging between 108 and

The spectral energy distributions derived from this data set are modeled to investigate the radial variations in the galaxy colors and star formation histories. Taken as a whole, the sample shows bluer and younger stars for larger radii until reversing near the optical radius, whereafter the trend is for redder and older stars for larger galacto-centric distances. These results are consistent with an inside-out disk formation scenario coupled with an old stellar outer disk population formed through radial migration and/or the cumulative history of minor mergers and accretions of satellite dwarf galaxies. However, these trends are quite modest and the variation from galaxy to galaxy is substantial. Additional data for a larger sample of galaxies are needed to confirm or dismiss these modest sample-wide trends.
HARD X-RAY TAIL DISCOVERED IN THE CLOCKED BURSTER GS 1826–238
Authors: Rodi J. , Jourdain E. , Roques J. P. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
The low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) neutron star (NS) GS 1826–238 was discovered by Ginga in 1988 September. Due to the presence of quasi-periodicity in the type I X-ray burst rate, the source has been a frequent target of X-ray observations for almost 30 years. Though the bursts were too soft to be detected by INTEGRAL/SPI, the persistent emission from GS 1826–238 was detected over 150 keV during the ∼10 years of observations. Spectral analysis found a significant high-energy excess above a Comptonization model that is well fit by a power law, indicating an additional spectral component. Most previously reported spectra with hard tails in LMXB NS have had an electron temperature of a few keV and a hard tail dominating above ∼50 keV with an index of Γ ∼ 2–3. GS 1826–238 was found to have a markedly different spectrum with kT
e ∼ 20 keV and a hard tail dominating above ∼150 keV with an index of Γ ∼ 1.8, more similar to black hole X-ray binaries. We report on our search for long-term spectral variability over the 25–370 keV energy range and on a comparison of the GS 1826–238 average spectrum to the spectra of other LMXB NSs with hard tails.
ON SHOCKS DRIVEN BY HIGH-MASS PLANETS IN RADIATIVELY INEFFICIENT DISKS. II. THREE-DIMENSIONAL GLOBAL DISK SIMULATIONS
Authors: Lyra Wladimir , Richert Alexander J. W. , Boley Aaron , Turner Neal , Mac Low Mordecai-Mark , Okuzumi Satoshi , Flock Mario 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
Recent high-resolution, near-infrared images of protoplanetary disks have shown that these disks often present spiral features. Spiral arms are among the structures predicted by models of disk–planet interaction and thus it is tempting to suspect that planetary perturbers are responsible for these signatures. However, such interpretation is not free of problems. The observed spirals have large pitch angles, and in at least one case (HD 100546) it appears effectively unpolarized, implying thermal emission of the order of 1000 K (465 ± 40 K at closer inspection). We have recently shown in two-dimensional models that shock dissipation in the supersonic wake of high-mass planets can lead to significant heating if the disk is sufficiently adiabatic. Here we extend this analysis to three dimensions in thermodynamically evolving disks. We use the Pencil Code in spherical coordinates for our models, with a prescription for thermal cooling based on the optical depth of the local vertical gas column. We use a 5M

J
planet, and show that shocks in the region around the planet where the Lindblad resonances occur heat the gas to substantially higher temperatures than the ambient gas. The gas is accelerated vertically away from the midplane to form shock bores, and the gas falling back toward the midplane breaks up into a turbulent surf. This turbulence, although localized, has high α values, reaching 0.05 in the inner Lindblad resonance, and 0.1 in the outer one. We find evidence that the disk regions heated up by the shocks become superadiabatic, generating convection far from the planet’s orbit.
THE PREVALENCE OF GAS OUTFLOWS IN TYPE 2 AGNs
Authors: Woo Jong-Hak , Bae Hyun-Jin , Son Donghoon , Karouzos Marios 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
To constrain the nature and fraction of the ionized gas outflows in active galactic nuclei (AGNs), we perform a detailed analysis on gas kinematics as manifested by the velocity dispersion and shift of the

λ5007 emission line, using a large sample of ∼39,000 type 2 AGNs at z < 0.3. First, we confirm a broad correlation between

and stellar velocity dispersions, indicating that the bulge gravitational potential plays a main role in determining the

kinematics. However,

velocity dispersion is on average larger than stellar velocity dispersion by a factor of 1.3–1.4 for AGNs with double Gaussian

, suggesting that the non-gravitational component, i.e., outflows, is almost comparable to the gravitational component. Second, the increase of the

velocity dispersion (after normalized by stellar velocity dispersion) with both AGN luminosity and Eddington ratio suggests that non-gravitational kinematics are clearly linked to AGN accretion. The distribution in the

velocity–velocity dispersion diagram dramatically expands toward large values with increasing AGN luminosity, implying that the launching velocity of gas outflows increases with AGN luminosity. Third, the majority of luminous AGNs present the non-gravitational kinematics in the

profile. These results suggest that ionized gas outflows are prevalent among type 2 AGNs. On the other hand, we find no strong trend of the

kinematics with radio luminosity, once we remove the effect of the bulge gravitational potential, indicating that ionized gas outflows are not directly related to radio activity for the majority of type 2 AGNs.
AN HST/COS SURVEY OF THE LOW-REDSHIFT INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM. I. SURVEY, METHODOLOGY, AND OVERALL RESULTS*
Authors: Danforth Charles W. , Keeney Brian A. , Tilton Evan M. , Shull J. Michael , Stocke John T. , Stevans Matthew , Pieri Matthew M. , Savage Blair D. , France Kevin , Syphers David , Smith Britton D. , Green James C. , Froning Cynthia , Penton Steven V. , Osterman Steven N. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
We use high-quality, medium-resolution Hubble Space Telescope/Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (HST/COS) observations of 82 UV-bright active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at redshifts z
AGN < 0.85 to construct the largest survey of the low-redshift intergalactic medium (IGM) to date: 5138 individual extragalactic absorption lines in H i and 25 different metal-ion species grouped into 2611 distinct redshift systems at z
abs < 0.75 covering total redshift pathlengths Δz
H i
= 21.7 and Δz
O vi
= 14.5. Our semi-automated line-finding and measurement technique renders the catalog as objectively defined as possible. The cumulative column density distribution of H i systems can be parametrized

=

, with C
14 = 25 ± 1 and β = 1.65 ± 0.02. This distribution is seen to evolve both in amplitude,

, and slope β(z) = 1.75–0.31 z for z ≤ 0.47. We observe metal lines in 418 systems, and find that the fraction of IGM absorbers detected in metals is strongly dependent on

. The distribution of O vi absorbers appears to evolve in the same sense as the Lyα forest. We calculate contributions to Ω
b
from different components of the low-z IGM and determine the Lyα decrement as a function of redshift. IGM absorbers are analyzed via a two-point correlation function in velocity space. We find substantial clustering of H i absorbers on scales of Δv = 50–300 km s−1 with no significant clustering at Δv ≳ 1000 km s−1. Splitting the sample into strong and weak absorbers, we see that most of the clustering occurs in strong, N
H i
≳ 1013.5 cm−2, metal-bearing IGM systems. The full catalog of absorption lines and fully reduced spectra is available via the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST) as a high-level science product at http://archive.stsci.edu/prepds/igm/.
A LUMINOUS PECULIAR TYPE IA SUPERNOVA SN 2011HR: MORE LIKE SN 1991T OR SN 2007if?
Authors: Zhang Ju-Jia , Wang Xiao-Feng , Sasdelli Michele , Zhang Tian-Meng , Liu Zheng-Wei , Mazzali Paolo A. , Meng Xiang-Cun , Maeda Keiichi , Chen Jun-Cheng , Huang Fang , Zhao Xu-Lin , Zhang Kai-Cheng , Zhai Qian , Pian Elena , Wang Bo , Chang Liang , Yi Wei-Min , Wang Chuan-Jun , Wang Xue-Li , Xin Yu-Xin , Wang Jian-Guo , Lun Bao-Li , Zheng Xiang-Ming , Zhang Xi-Liang , Fan Yu-Feng , Bai Jin-Ming 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
Photometric and spectroscopic observations of a slowly declining, luminous Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) SN 2011hr in the starburst galaxy NGC 2691 are presented. SN 2011hr is found to peak at

, with a postmaximum decline rate Δm
15(B) = 0.92 ± 0.03 mag. From the maximum-light bolometric luminosity,

, we estimate the mass of synthesized 56Ni in SN 2011hr to be

. SN 2011hr appears more luminous than SN 1991T at around maximum light, and the absorption features from its intermediate-mass elements (IMEs) are noticeably weaker than those of the latter at similar phases. Spectral modeling suggests that SN 2011hr has IMEs of ∼0.07

in the outer ejecta, which is much lower than the typical value of normal SNe Ia (i.e., 0.3–0.4

) and is also lower than the value of SN 1991T (i.e., ∼0.18

). These results indicate that SN 2011hr may arise from a Chandrasekhar-mass white dwarf progenitor that experienced a more efficient burning process in the explosion. Nevertheless, it is still possible that SN 2011hr may serve as a transitional object connecting the SN 1991T-like SNe Ia with a superluminous subclass like SN 2007if given that the latter also shows very weak IMEs at all phases.
A NEW GENERATION OF LOS ALAMOS OPACITY TABLES
Authors: Colgan J. , Kilcrease D. P. , Magee N. H. , Sherrill M. E. , Abdallah Jr. J. , Hakel P. , Fontes C. J. , Guzik J. A. , Mussack K. A. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
We present a new, publicly available set of Los Alamos OPLIB opacity tables for the elements hydrogen through zinc. Our tables are computed using the Los Alamos ATOMIC opacity and plasma modeling code, and make use of atomic structure calculations that use fine-structure detail for all the elements considered. Our equation of state model, known as ChemEOS, is based on the minimization of free energy in a chemical picture and appears to be a reasonable and robust approach to determining atomic state populations over a wide range of temperatures and densities. In this paper we discuss in detail the calculations that we have performed for the 30 elements considered, and present some comparisons of our monochromatic opacities with measurements and other opacity codes. We also use our new opacity tables in solar modeling calculations and compare and contrast such modeling with previous work.