bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Editorial
Authors: Rautenbach Christa 
Published: April 2016

This issue of PER consists of 11 articles and one case note dealing with a wide range of topics in the global legal landscape. Monray Botha analyses the responsibility of South African companies towards their employees for achieving social justice in the corporate world. Fawzia Cassim examines how identity thieves use the personal information of individuals to commit identity fraud and theft, and looks at legislative solutions introduced in South Africa, the United States of America, the United Kingdom and India to combat identity theft crimes. Howard Chitimira discusses the regulation of market manipulation in Australia with the purpose of assessing if lessons can be learnt from it for South Africa. Leentjie de Jong deals with parenting coordination, a new alternative dispute resolution process to alleviate the negative effects of high-conflict co-parenting cases on the South African court system and the children of divorce. Yvonne Donders investigates the cultural dimensions of the right to health endorsed by several treaty provisions and treaty monitoring bodies and comes to the conclusion that states can implement the right to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health in a culturally sensitive and responsible way by consulting cultural communities and individuals. Joel Modiri reflects on the development of a radical democratic political theory that shifts analytical and conceptual registers in which the relationship between law and poverty is conventionally addressed and argues for the creation of a radical alternative that defatalizes the present. Stephen Peté's unconventional historical examination of the Barberton Prison Complex during the 1980s is published in two parts. The first part deals with the deaths of three prisoners and the injury of many others during a day of violence at the Barberton prison farm on 29 December 1982 and the second part examines a string of violent incidents which occurred within the Barberton Prison Complex during the course of 1983, leading to nine inmate deaths. Robbie Robinson raises the question of whether or not the constitutionally entrenched right to make decisions concerning reproduction may be limited, as the continued existence of the State may ultimately be jeopardised if the size of the population is not limited to the available levels of subsistence. Olufemi Soyejudiscusses the incapacity of low-income countries to realise the Millennium Development Goals and seeks to make a case for the adoption of a development-driven approach to law as a linchpin for the post-2015 development agenda. Carmel van Niekerk considers the constitutionality of section 294 of the Children's Act 38 of 2005, which permits commissioning parents to engage in surrogacy arrangements only in instances where they are able to provide a genetic link to their future offspring. In the only case note, Salona Lutchman evaluates the implications ofSS v Litako 2014 SACR 431 (SCA): A Clarification on Extra Curial Statements and Hearsay.
Editorial
Authors: Rautenbach Christa 
Published: April 2016

This edition of PER consists of eight contributions; six articles and two notes. In the first article, Angelo Dubeanalyses the interaction amongst African States that eventually led to the development of universal jurisdiction regulations within their individual legal systems to determine if one can say that there is indeed an African signature in those legal rules. Anél Ferreira-Snyman deals with the rapid development of space technology and space flight which has rendered article IV of the Outer Space Treaty dealing with the military use of outer space outdated and in dire need of change. Moses Phooko's article investigates whether the Southern African Development Community (SADC) Tribunal has jurisdiction to deal with cases involving allegations of human rights violations. Analogous to the situation of Chinese people in South Africa who chose to be defined as "Black People" in terms of the Employment Equity Act 55 of 1998 as well as the Broad Based Economic Empowerment Act 53 of 2003, Enyinna Nwauche examines the possibility that people living under a system of customary law may change their legal system by choosing another one. The last two articles, written in two parts by Andre Louw, deals with theEmployment Equity Act 55 of 1998. In the first part, he critically examines the organising principle of the affirmative provisions of this Act and assesses if it is in line with the constitutional requirements for a legitimate affirmative action programme or measure. In the second part, he critically evaluates the Constitutional Court judgment inSouth African Police Service v Solidarity obo Barnard 2014 6 SA 123 (CC), and highlights what he thinks the biggest areas of disappointment of this judgment are within the context of South Africa’s equality jurisprudence.
In the first of two notes, Zsa-Zsa Boggenpoel analyses the Constitutional Court's use of the common law remedy ofmandament van spolie in Ngqukumba v Minister of Safety and Security 2014 5 SA 112 (CC). In the second note and last contribution of this edition, Petronell Kruger discusses the case of Western Cape Forum for Intellectual Disability v Government of the Republic of South Africa 2011 5 SA 87 (WCC), which dealt with the challenges faced by persons with disabilities relating to access to education in South Africa.
Leguminous blocks: Nutritional values and economics
Authors: Takawale* P.S. , Jade S.S. , Ghorpade S.D. 
Published: April 2016

Present study was conducted at Central Research Station of BAIF Development Research Foundation, Urulikanchan, Pune during 2013 to 2015 with an objective to determining the nutritive values and keeping quality of legume blocks. Leaf meals were prepared from sun dried leaves and chaffed twigs of subabul (Leucaena leucocephala), desmanthus (Desmanthus vergatus), sesbania (Sesbania sesban) and lucerne (Medicago sativa). Five blocks were prepared by adding molasses, corn flour, mineral mixture and salt. Chemical composition such as dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF), ether extract (EE), ash and silica content were determined according to standard analytical procedures. The chemical composition was more or less similar in fresh and stored legume blocks in all the recipes and did not vary much during storage. Further, no deterioration in colour, odour or texture was observed in storage, or any apparent contamination with mould. Among the five leguminous blocks, highest nutritive values in terms of CP, CF, EE, ash and silica were observed in sesbania legume block (22.17, 12.14, 3.52, 10.71 and 0.52%) followed by blocks of subabul (20.52, 10.61, 3.42, 10.72 and 0.81%) respectively. The cost of per kg production of leguminous block of subabul and sesbania was low as compared to lucerne blocks, which were Rs. 20, 21 and 29 correspondingly. All the goats offered legume blocks accepted them readily. All the blocks were offered to difeerent five goats for feeding and their acceptance and the intake was 100 per cent. Hence, the leguminous blocks prepared from sesbania and subabul leaf meal were selected as the best leguminous blocks as goat feed.
Movimientos sociales contra la exclusión: la protesta a favor de los inmigrantes en España
Authors: Gomariz Acuña Tomás Pedro 
Published: April 2016

El objeto del presente documento es hacer una breve reflexión sobre los rasgos, más significativos, de la lógica de las acciones cívicas de protesta ante el fenómeno de la exclusión social .Con este fin, en los siguientes apartados procederé con el análisis de la lógica de actuación de los agentes sociales de solidaridad the implicados en la discursiva social sobre la problemática de la población inmigrante.
La situación padecida, por estos colectivos, constituye un caso ejemplar donde la aludida realidad, de injusticia social, muestra más claramente su semblante. La condición del inmigrante supone la manifestación de una nueva forma de marginación y pobreza, resultado de cambios estructurales en los aparatos productivos de las sociedades que les acogen. Los miembros de estas colectividades constituyen la fuerza de trabajo necesaria para el funcionamiento de sectores vitales, inviables por su coste en la lógica de mercado de nuestra economía.
En las reflexiones de las siguientes líneas se parte de la concepción de la marginación como mecanismo agente en la constitución del actual orden de nuestra sociedad. Lejos de la opinión más difundida, donde el fenómeno señalado es considerado efecto de los desajustes del mercado, observando la naturaleza endémica de las diferentes situaciones de desamparo social y pobreza, evidentemente, nos vemos obligados a interrogarnos sobre la funcionalidad de estas situaciones en la fundamentación de nuestra realidad. Sólo en la comprensión de esta trama maliciosa, los aludidos problemas se pueden solucionar. Respondiendo a los fines aludidos, el contenido de las páginas siguientes está dispuesto en cinco apartados.
El Estado del Bienestar en Castilla-La Mancha. Análisis prospectivo
Authors: Bleda José Mª 
Published: April 2016

El presente artículo recoge los resultados más sobresalientes de una investigación social aplicada realizada en la comunidad de Castilla-La Mancha, solicitada por las Cortes Regionales y efectuada desde el área de sociología de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, y con los objetivos de conocer las tendencias y líneas de desarrollo del Estado del Bienestar en Castilla-La Mancha en los próximos quince años (2000-2015) e identificar los problemas más importantes relacionados con los servicios sanitarios, educativos y sociales. La técnica empleada ha sido un cuestionario dirigido aun grupo de 146 expertos definidos en tres paneles: a) representantes políticos, sindicalistas y empresarios; b) responsables de organizaciones sociales; y c) profesionales de los sectores sociales analizados. De los resultados obtenidos se han elaborado tres posibles escenarios que se irían definiendo hasta el año 2015. En concreto el futuro previsible es bastante halagüeño, pues supone un avance y la consolidación del Estado del Bienestar actual en la comunidad manchega, y la opinión de los expertos consultados apoya de una manera concluyente la ampliación y mejora de las diferentes prestaciones sociales.
En las dos últimas décadas se han realizado variadísimas investigaciones sobre el origen, desarrollo y situación del Estado del Bienestar en el mundo occidental, lo que nos ha proporcionado un amplio marco teórico, unas herramientas y/o técnicas de trabajo para ese análisis concreto y numerosísimos datos cuantitativos y cualitativos sobre la situación pasada, presente y futura del mismo.
Clavicular Fracture Associated with Life-Threatening Hemorrhage
Authors: Campfield Brian , Barzideh O. Sam 
Published: April 2016

Case:
A sixty-four-year-old woman sustained a displaced midshaft clavicular fracture. Shortly after admission to the hospital, she developed symptoms of hypovolemic shock as well as neurologic compromise of the ipsilateral upper extremity. Her workup demonstrated a large periclavicular hematoma. She underwent surgical exploration, during which a subclavian artery laceration was identified and repaired.

Conclusion:
This case serves as a reminder to the treating physician to maintain an appropriate index of suspicion for associated injuries when treating clavicular fractures.
Impact behavior of hybrid composite plates dependent on curing and different stacking sequences
Authors: Özben Tamer 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
In this study, the drop weight impact response of cured hybrid composite plates has been investigated. Experiments were conducted on two groups of hybrid composite plates. The first group was based on upper and lower surfaces that are made of carbon (c) with the inner plates of glass (g), while for the second group the upper and lower surfaces were examined which are made of glass (g) with the inner plates of carbon (c). The orientation angle of the plates was 0, 15, 30 and 45° and the collision energy was 12 J. Contact forces were obtained and compared for the plates with respect to the different sequence and orientation angles. Peak forces increased for all the sequences and orientation angles. However, the (g-c-c-g) stacking sequence showed a larger sensitivity to an orientation angle change. The deflections decreased for the (c-g-g-c) stacking sequence when the orientation angle increased.
Experimental investigation and thermodynamic calculation of the Mg–Sr–Zr system
Authors: Zhou Hua , Chen Chong , Du Yong , Gong Haoran 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Both experimental investigation and thermodynamic calculation were performed for the Mg–Sr–Zr system. Four decisive alloys were firstly selected and prepared using a powder metallurgy method to measure the isothermal section at 400 °C via a combination of X-ray diffraction and electron probe microanalysis. No ternary compound has been observed for this ternary system. Four three-phase regions, (Mg) + (αZr) + Mg17Sr2, Mg17Sr2 + (αZr) + Mg38Sr9, Mg38Sr9 + (αZr) + Mg23Sr6, and Mg23Sr6 + (αZr) + Mg2Sr, have been identified at 400 °C. No appreciable ternary solubility has been detected in the binary Mg–Sr compounds. Phase transition temperatures of the Mg–Sr–Zr alloys were measured by means of differential scanning calorimetry. The thermodynamic calculations match well with the experimental data in the present work, indicating that no ternary thermodynamic parameters are needed for the thermodynamic description of this ternary system. In order to verify the reliability of the current thermodynamic calculations of the Mg–Sr–Zr system, eight as-cast alloys in the Mg-rich corner were also prepared. The calculated liquidus projection is consistent with the observed primary phase regions. The present thermodynamic calculations are reliable and can be used in the development of Mg alloys.
Influence of Processing Parameters and Composition on the Effective Compatibilization of Polypropylene–Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Blends
Authors: van Bruggen E. P. A. , Koster R. P. , Picken S. J. , Ragaert K. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The effects of the addition of different functionalized compatibilizers on toughness, morphology and rheological properties of a polypropylene (PP) – poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) (85–15 wt%) blend were studied. The three compatibilizers compared were: (Styrene Ethylene Butylene Styrene)-grafted-(glycidyl methacrylate); (Styrene Ethylene Butylene Styrene) – grafted – (maleic anhydryde); (polyolefin) – grafted – (glycidyl methacrylate), abbreviated to: SEBS-g-GMA, SEBS-g-MA and POE-g-GMA respectively. The effective grafting content was the same for all three compatibilizers. Before the comparison of the different compatibilizers was done, first the effects of three different processing temperatures and three different compatibilizer contents were investigated, based on the addition of SEBS-g-GMA. The compatibilization effect was significantly improved with an increase in processing temperature from 250 to 300 °C. The toughness was increased with almost a factor two and a decrease in the average domain size of the dispersed phase was observed. An increase in compatibilizer content from 0.25 to 2.5 wt% resulted in a finer dispersity as well as in a steep increase in toughness, which was noted to approach the brittle-to-ductile transition. The comparison of the three compatibilizers was subsequently done at the most promising processing temperature and content: 300 °C and 2.5 wt%. The results showed that the addition of SEBS-g-MA and POE-g-GMA had a less significant positive effect on the compatibilization compared to SEBS-g-GMA. The difference is attributed to a higher reactivity for GMA compared to MA and a higher possibility for migration towards the PP-PET interface for the SEBS chain compared to the POE chain.
Fracture Toughness of PP/EPDM/Nano-Ternary Composites: The Role of Distribution of Inorganic Particles
Authors: Gong L. , Chen S.-H. , Hou W.-M. , Yin B. , Li L.-P. , Yang M.-B. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The influence of the distribution of the inorganic particles on the toughness of the PP/EPDM/nano-ternary composites was investigated. Four morphologies for PP/EPDM/nano-ternary composites were obtained by means of adjusting the surface tension of inorganic particles (nano-CaCO3, hydrophobic nano-SiO2 and hydrophilic nano-SiO2) and the compounding sequence (one-step extrusion and two-step extrusion). Morphological observation revealed that the segregated dispersion morphology was formed in the PP/EPDM/CaCO3 composite. For the PP/EPDM/R974 (hydrophobic nano-SiO2) composite, R974 particles were dispersed at the interface between the PP matrix and EPDM dispersed phase. A200 particles (hydrophilic nano-SiO2) continuously dispersed between PP and EPDM phase for PP/EPDM/A200 composites prepared by one-step, while were present in EPDM dispersed phase for the two-step PP/EPDM/A200 composites. The dependence of the toughness on the phase morphology of the components, especially the distribution of nanoparticles, was studied systematically. The impact strength of one-step PP/EPDM/A200 composites was pronouncedly enhanced, increasing 552 % compared to pure PP. Compared with the other three composites, the one-step PP/EPDM/A200 composites exhibits better effect of preventing crack propagation and far higher fracture energies. It is attributed to the A200 particles continuously dispersed between EPDM phase and matrix, which makes EPDM particles have better compatibility with the PP matrix and the overlapping of the stress field with A200 particles.
A Novel Micro Wall Slip Model Based on Chain Length and Temperature
Authors: Lou Y. , Bai C. , Pei J.-L. , He P.-Q. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
A micro chain length and temperature (MCLT) wall slip model of polymer was developed on the basis of chain length and temperature. The effectiveness and accuracy of the MCLT slip model were verified through a micro-square-column filling rate experiment for Polypropylene (PP) material and a micro-square-column pressure difference experiment for Polystyrene (PS) material. The difference between the simulated data of the MCLT slip model and the experimental data decreased with decreasing feature size. The accuracy of the MCLT slip model was enhanced by decreasing the feature size. When the feature size was decreased to 200 μm, the maximum deviation between the simulated filling rate by the MCLT slip model and the experimental result was 8.67 %. Moreover, under different shearing rates, the simulated pressure drop by the MCLT slip model was closer to the experimental result than that by the conventional slip model. The micro-scale flow characteristics of the melt were also explored using the MCLT slip model. Melt flow velocity decreased from the center of the micro-channel to the wall, and the wall slip phenomenon was beneficial to the melt flow.
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Treatment Failures with Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Data-Driven Definition for BCG Unresponsive Disease
Authors: Steinberg Ryan L. , Thomas Lewis J. , Mott Sarah L. , O’Donnell Michael A. 
Published: April 2016

Objective: To create the first data-driven definition for those unlikely to benefit from further BCG treatment. Materials and Methods: The database created for the Phase 2 BCG-Interferon- α 2B (IFN) study was queried and BCG failure patients were identified ( n = 334). Full study protocols have previously been published. Separate models were constructed for analysis of patients with any CIS (pure or concomitant) and pure papillary disease. Variables considered included age, gender, stage, grade, tumor size and focality (for papillary only), number of prior BCG courses, and prior BCG failure interval. Results: Patients with recurrent CIS within 6 months of their most recent prior BCG course (HR 2.56, p <  0.01) and ≥2 prior BCG failures (HR 1.54, p <  0.01) responded worst to repeat intravesical therapy. Those with CIS recurrence at 6–12 months did not differ from those recurring within 6 months (HR = 0.88, p = 0.71). Patients with recurrent papillary disease within 6 months (HR 1.82, p = 0.02), ≥2 BCG failures (HR 1.54, p = 0.03), and multifocal disease (HR 2.05, p <  0.01) responded worst to therapy. Patients with T1 disease remained disease free in 38% of cases (24–51% 95% CI) at 2 years with low rates of progression. Conclusions: Patients who fail two courses of BCG with either persistent or recurrent multifocal papillary disease within 6 months or CIS within 12 months of their prior BCG should be considered BCG unresponsive. Recurrent T1 disease respond reasonably well to another course with low progression rates but further investigation is warranted.
A Multi-Center International Study Assessing the Impact of Differences in Baseline Characteristics and Perioperative Care Following Radical Cystectomy
Authors: Osawa Takahiro , Lee Cheryl T. , Abe Takashige , Takada Norikata , Hafez Khaled S. , Montgomery Jeffrey S. , Weizer Alon Z. , Hollenbeck Brent K. , Skolarus Ted A. , Murai Sachiyo , Shinohara Nobuo , Morgan Todd M. 
Published: April 2016

Background: To identify potential avenues for quality improvement, we compared the variations in clinical practice and their association with perioperative morbidity and mortality following radical cystectomy (RC) for bladder cancer in the United States (US) and Japan. Methods: We reviewed our retrospectively collected database of 2240 patients who underwent RC for bladder cancer at the University of Michigan ( n = 1427) and in 21 Japanese institutions ( n = 813) between 1997 and 2014. We performed a systematic comparison of clinical and perioperative factors and assessed predictors of perioperative morbidity and mortality. Death within 90 days of surgery was the primary outcome. Results: There were apparent differences between the two study populations. Notably, US patients had a significantly greater BMI and higher ASA score. In Japanese institutions, median postoperative hospital stay was significantly higher (40 days vs. 7 days, p <  0.001) and 90-day readmission rates were significantly lower (0.6% vs. 26.8% , p <  0.001). There was a total of 1372/2240 (61.2%) patients with complications within 90 days and 66/2240 (2.9%) patient deaths. Significant predictors of 90-day mortality were older age (OR 1.04, CI 1.01–1.07), higher body mass index (OR 1.07, CI 1.02–1.12), node-positive disease (OR 3.14, CI 1.78–5.47), increased blood loss (OR 1.02, CI 1.01–1.03), and major (Clavien-grade 3 or greater) complication (OR 3.29, CI 1.88–5.71). Conclusion: Despite major differences in baseline characteristics and care of cystectomy patients between the two study populations, peri-operative mortality rates proved to be comparable. This data supports an exploration of non-traditional factors that may influence mortality after cystectomy.