bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An interdisciplinary framework for participatory modeling design and evaluation—What makes models effective participatory decision tools?
Authors: Falconi Stefanie M. , Palmer Richard N. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIncreased requirements for public involvement in water resources management (WRM) over the past century have stimulated the development of more collaborative decision‐making methods. Participatory modeling (PM) uses computer models to inform and engage stakeholders in the planning process in order to influence collaborative decisions in WRM. Past evaluations of participatory models focused on process and final outcomes, yet, were hindered by diversity of purpose and inconsistent documentation. This paper presents a two‐stage framework for evaluating PM based on mechanisms for improving model effectiveness as participatory tools. The five dimensions characterize the “who, when, how, and why” of each participatory effort (stage 1). Models are evaluated as “boundary objects,” a concept used to describe tools that bridge understanding and translate different bodies of knowledge to improve credibility, salience, and legitimacy (stage 2). This evaluation framework is applied to five existing case studies from the literature. Though the goals of participation can be diverse, the novel contribution of the two‐stage proposed framework is the flexibility it has to evaluate a wide range of cases that differ in scope, modeling approach, and participatory context. Also, the evaluation criteria provide a structured vocabulary based on clear mechanisms that extend beyond previous process‐based and outcome‐based evaluations. Effective models are those that take advantage of mechanisms that facilitate dialogue and resolution and improve the accessibility and applicability of technical knowledge. Furthermore, the framework can help build more complete records and systematic documentation of evidence to help standardize the field of PM.
Quantifying streambed advection and conduction heat fluxes
Authors: Caissie Daniel , Luce Charles H. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractGroundwater and accompanying heat fluxes are particularly relevant for aquatic habitats as they influence living conditions both within the river and streambed. This study focuses on the theory and the development of new equations to estimate conduction and advection heat fluxes into and out of the bed, correcting some earlier misunderstandings and adding parameterizations that extend our understanding of timing of heat fluxes. The new heat flux equations are illustrated using Catamaran Brook (New Brunswick, Canada) stream/streambed temperature data. We show important relationships between fluxes when the surface water temperature (1) follows a sinusoidal function superimposed on a steady state condition (constant deep streambed temperature) and (2) when sinusoidal variations in stream temperature at two frequencies (annual and diel) are superimposed. When the stream temperature is used as a prescribed boundary condition, the contribution of bed fluid fluxes to stream temperature occurs through the effects of conductive thermal gradients, not through direct contribution/mixing of cold/warm water. Boundary conditions can be modified, however, to account for direct contribution of cold/warm water (e.g., localized upwelling) and consequences for the conduction heat flux. Equations developed allow for prediction of conductive fluxes to the bed during summer driven by diel and annual temperature fluctuations of the stream water and good agreement was observed between analytic solutions and field data. Results from this study provide a better insight into groundwater and heat fluxes which will ultimately result in better stream temperature models and a better management of fisheries resources.
Impact of saturation on dispersion and mixing in porous media: Photobleaching pulse injection experiments and shear‐enhanced mixing model
Authors: Jiménez‐Martínez Joaquín , Le Borgne Tanguy , Tabuteau Hervé , Méheust Yves 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe dynamics of solute dispersion and mixing in unsaturated flows is analyzed from photobleaching experiments in two‐dimensional porous micromodels. This technique allows producing pulse line (delta‐Dirac) injections of a conservative tracer by bleaching a finite volume of fluorescent without disturbing the flow field. The temporal evolution of the concentration field and the spatial distribution of the air and water phases can be monitored at pore scale. We study the dispersion and mixing of a line of tracer under different water saturations. While dispersion in saturated porous media follows an approximately Fickian scaling, a shift to ballistic scaling is observed as soon as saturation is lowered. Hence, at the time scale of observation, dispersion in our unsaturated flows is dominated by the ballistic separation of tracer blobs within the water phase, between trapped clusters and preferential flow paths. While diffusion plays a minor role in the longitudinal dispersion during the time scale of the experiments, its interplay with fluid deformation is apparent in the dynamics of mixing. The scalar dissipation rates show an initial stretching regime, during which mixing is enhanced by fluid deformation, followed by a dissipation regime, during which diffusion overcomes compression induced by stretching. The transition between these two regimes occurs at the mixing time, when concentration gradients are maximum. We propose a predictive analytical model, based on shear‐enhanced diffusion, that captures the dynamics of mixing from basic unsaturated porous media parameters, suggesting that this type of model may be a useful framework at larger scales.
Water quality data for national‐scale aquatic research: The Water Quality Portal
Authors: Read Emily K. , Carr Lindsay , De Cicco Laura , Dugan Hilary A. , Hanson Paul C. , Hart Julia A. , Kreft James , Read Jordan S. , Winslow Luke A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAquatic systems are critical to food, security, and society. But, water data are collected by hundreds of research groups and organizations, many of which use nonstandard or inconsistent data descriptions and dissemination, and disparities across different types of water observation systems represent a major challenge for freshwater research. To address this issue, the Water Quality Portal (WQP) was developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the National Water Quality Monitoring Council to be a single point of access for water quality data dating back more than a century. The WQP is the largest standardized water quality data set available at the time of this writing, with more than 290 million records from more than 2.7 million sites in groundwater, inland, and coastal waters. The number of data contributors, data consumers, and third‐party application developers making use of the WQP is growing rapidly. Here we introduce the WQP, including an overview of data, the standardized data model, and data access and services; and we describe challenges and opportunities associated with using WQP data. We also demonstrate through an example the value of the WQP data by characterizing seasonal variation in lake water clarity for regions of the continental U.S. The code used to access, download, analyze, and display these WQP data as shown in the figures is included as supporting information.
Clinical and Serologic Features in Patients With Incomplete Lupus Classification Versus Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients and Controls
Authors: Aberle Teresa , Bourn Rebecka L. , Munroe Melissa E. , Chen Hua , Roberts Virginia C. , Guthridge Joel M. , Bean Krista , Robertson Julie M. , Sivils Kathy L. , Rasmussen Astrid , Liles Meghan , Merrill Joan T. , Harley John B. , Olsen Nancy J. , Karp David R. , James Judith A. 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveIncomplete lupus erythematosus (ILE) involves clinical and/or serologic manifestations consistent with but insufficient for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) classification. Because the nature of ILE is poorly understood and no treatment recommendations exist, we examined the clinical manifestations, medication history, and immunologic features in a diverse collection of ILE and SLE patients.MethodsMedical records of subjects enrolled in the Lupus Family Registry and Repository were reviewed for medication history and American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria to identify ILE patients (3 ACR criteria; n = 440) and SLE patients (≥4 ACR criteria; n = 3,397). Participants completed the Connective Tissue Disease Screening Questionnaire. Anticardiolipin and plasma B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) by indirect immunofluorescence, and 13 autoantibodies by bead‐based assays.ResultsOn average, ILE patients were older than SLE patients (46.2 years versus 42.0 years; P < 0.0001), and fewer ILE patients were African American (23.9% versus 32.2%; P < 0.001). ILE patients exhibited fewer autoantibody specificities than SLE patients (1.3 versus 2.6; P < 0.0001) and were less likely to have ANA titers ≥1:1,080 (10.5% versus 19.5%; P < 0.0001). BLyS levels were intermediate in ILE patients (controls < ILE; P = 0.016; ILE < SLE; P = 0.008). Pericarditis, renal, or neurologic manifestations occurred in 12.5% of ILE patients and were associated with non–European American race/ethnicity (P = 0.012). Hydroxychloroquine use increased over time, but was less frequent in ILE than SLE patients (65.2% versus 83.1%; P < 0.0001).ConclusionAlthough usually characterized by milder symptoms, ILE manifestations may require immunomodulatory treatments. Longitudinal studies are necessary to understand how ILE affects organ damage and future SLE risk, and to delineate molecular pathways unique to ILE.
Ligand‐Controlled Palladium‐Catalyzed Pyridylation of 1‐tert‐Butoxycarbonyl‐3‐iodoazetidine: Regioselective Synthesis of 2‐ and 3‐Heteroarylazetidines
Authors: Zhang Yudan , Geng Zhiyue , Li Jingya , Zou Dapeng , Wu Yangjie , Wu Yusheng 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe first efficient regioselective pyridylation of 1‐tert‐butoxycarbonyl‐3‐iodoazetidine to produce 2‐ and 3‐heteroarylazetidines under palladium‐catalyzed conditions has been developed. The established direct pyridylation of azetidines affords 2‐ vs. 3‐heteroarylazetidines in moderate to good yields (up to 92%) and with good regioselectivity (up to 98:2) by using different ligands.magnified image
Dual‐drug release from chitin‐based core–shell microspheres fabricated by coaxial electrospray
Authors: Shang Yu , Ding Fuyuan , Liu Jian , Xiao Ling , Deng Hongbing , Du Yumin , Shi Xiaowen 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPolymeric core–shell microspheres have been widely applied in dual‐drug release system for their convenience to treat diseases through multiple therapies. In this contribution, acrylamide‐modified chitin (AMC)/chitosan (CS) core–shell microspheres were prepared by a coaxial electrospray method under mild conditions. The dimension of the microspheres and thickness of the layer can be delicately controlled by changing the feed rate of spray solutions and the applied voltage. The core–shell structure of the microspheres was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT‐IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and stereo fluorescence microscope. To investigate the dual‐drug release behavior of the core–shell microspheres, small molecular FITC‐dextran and macromolecular dextran blue 2000 were chosen as model drugs. The release rate of small molecular FITC‐dextran was higher than macromolecular dextran blue 2000 regardless of the location of FITC‐dextran in the microspheres. The biocompatibility, biodegradability, and dual‐drug release behavior of the core–shell microspheres endow it with potential applications in combination therapies.
Steep pH Gradients and Directed Colloid Transport in a Microfluidic Alkaline Hydrothermal Pore
Authors: Möller Friederike M. , Kriegel Franziska , Kieß Michael , Sojo Victor , Braun Dieter 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAll life on earth depends on the generation and exploitation of ionic and pH gradients across membranes. One theory for the origin of life proposes that geological pH gradients were the prebiotic ancestors of these cellular disequilibria. With an alkaline interior and acidic exterior, alkaline vents match the topology of modern cells, but it remains unknown whether the steep pH gradients persist at the microscopic scale. Herein, we demonstrate the existence of 6 pH‐unit gradients across micrometer scales in a microfluidic vent replicate. Precipitation of metal sulfides at the interface strengthens the gradients, but even in the absence of precipitates laminar flow sustains the disequilibria. The gradients drive directed transport at the fluid interface, leading to colloid accumulation or depletion. Our results confirm that alkaline vents can provide an exploitable pH gradient, supporting their potential role at the emergence of chemiosmosis and the origin of life.
Peficitinib, a JAK Inhibitor, in Combination With Limited Conventional Synthetic Disease‐Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs in the Treatment of Moderate‐to‐Severe Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Genovese Mark C. , Greenwald Maria , Codding Christine , Zubrzycka‐Sienkiewicz Anna , Kivitz Alan J. , Wang Annie , Shay Kathyjo , Wang Xuegong , Garg Jay P. , Cardiel Mario H. 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of orally administered once‐daily peficitinib in combination with limited conventional synthetic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) in patients with moderate‐to‐severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsIn this randomized, double‐blind, phase IIb trial, patients with RA (n = 289) were treated with peficitinib 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, or 150 mg or matching placebo once daily for 12 weeks. The primary end point was the percentage of patients who met the American College of Rheumatology 20% improvement criteria (achieved an ACR20 response) at week 12.ResultsACR20 response rates at week 12 were 22.0%, 36.8%, 48.3% (P < 0.05), 56.3% (P < 0.01), and 29.4% in the peficitinib 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg, and placebo groups, respectively. Patients in the peficitinib 100 mg and 150 mg groups achieved a rapid and statistically significant ACR20 response compared with those in the placebo group (P < 0.05), reaching statistical significance by week 2. Overall, the incidence of adverse events (AEs) was similar between patients receiving peficitinib and those receiving placebo. The most common AEs were upper respiratory tract infection (5% [n = 15]), nausea (4% [n = 12]), and urinary tract infection (4% [n = 10]). There was 1 case of herpes zoster in the placebo group, and 1 serious infection (limb abscess) in the peficitinib 25 mg group. There were no incidences of grade 2 or higher neutropenia or lymphopenia.ConclusionIn patients with moderate‐to‐severe RA, orally administered once‐daily peficitinib in combination with limited csDMARDs resulted in a dose‐dependent ACR20 response rate over 12 weeks with satisfactory tolerability.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytokines Correlate With Aseptic Meningitis and Blood–Brain Barrier Function in Neonatal‐Onset Multisystem Inflammatory Disease: Central Nervous System Biomarkers in Neonatal‐Onset Multisystem Inflammatory Disease Correlate With Central Nervous System Inflammation
Authors: Rodriguez‐Smith Jackeline , Lin Yen‐Chih , Tsai Wanxia Li , Kim Hanna , Montealegre‐Sanchez Gina , Chapelle Dawn , Huang Yan , Sibley Cailin H. , Gadina Massimo , Wesley Robert , Bielekova Bibiana , Goldbach‐Mansky Raphaela 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate proinflammatory cytokines and leukocyte subpopulations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood of patients with neonatal‐onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID) after treatment, and to compare inflammatory cytokines in the CSF and blood in 6 patients treated with 2 interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) blockers—anakinra and canakinumab.MethodsDuring routine follow‐up visits between December 2011 and October 2013, we immunophenotyped the CSF of 17 pediatric NOMID patients who were treated with anakinra, and analyzed CSF cytokine levels in samples obtained at baseline and at 3–5‐year follow‐up visits and compared them to samples from healthy controls.ResultsCSF levels of IL‐6, interferon‐γ–inducible 10‐kd protein (IP‐10/CXCL10), and IL‐18 and monocyte and granulocyte counts significantly decreased with anakinra treatment but did not normalize to levels in the controls, even in patients fulfilling criteria for clinical remission. CSF IL‐6 and IL‐18 levels significantly correlated with measures of blood–brain barrier function, specifically CSF protein (r = 0.75 and r = 0.81, respectively) and albumin quotient (r = 0.79 and r = 0.68, respectively). When patients were treated with canakinumab versus anakinra, median CSF white blood cell counts and IL‐6 levels were significantly higher with canakinumab treatment (10.2 cells/mm3 versus 3.7 cells/mm3 and 150.7 pg/ml versus 28.5 pg/ml, respectively) despite similar serum cytokine levels.ConclusionCSF leukocyte subpopulations and cytokine levels significantly improve with optimized IL‐1 blocking treatment, but do not normalize. The correlation of CSF IL‐6, IP‐10/CXCL10, and IL‐18 levels with clinical laboratory measures of inflammation and blood–brain barrier function suggests that they may have a role as biomarkers in central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. The difference in inhibition of CSF biomarkers between 2 IL‐1 blocking agents, anakinra and canakinumab, suggests differences in efficacy in the intrathecal compartment, with anakinra being more effective. Our data indicate that intrathecal immune responses shape CNS inflammation and should be assessed in addition to blood markers.
Long‐term outcomes following mini‐crush versus culotte stenting for the treatment of unprotected left main disease: Insights from the milan and New‐Tokyo (MITO) registry
Authors: Kawamoto Hiroyoshi , Takagi Kensuke , Chieffo Alaide , Ruparelia Neil , Yusuke Fujino  , Yabushita Hiroto , Watanabe Yusuke , Latib Azeem , Carlino Mauro , Montorfano Matteo , Nakamura Sunao , Colombo Antonio 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the long‐term outcomes following mini‐crush versus culotte stenting with drug‐eluting stents (DES) for the treatment of unprotected left main coronary artery (LMCA) disease.BackgroundBoth mini‐crush and culotte stenting are considered efficacious treatment options when a planned 2‐stent strategy is deemed necessary for unprotected LMCA disease. However, there are limited data available with regard to the long‐term clinical outcomes of each strategy in this setting.MethodsBetween July 2002 and November 2013, 225 patients were identified. 135 patients were treated with the mini‐crush technique, and 90 patients with culotte stenting. The median follow‐up period was 1,263 (IQR 820–1,847) days.ResultsThe mini‐crush group had worse lesion and procedural characteristics when compared to the culotte group. There were no significant differences in major adverse cardiac events (MACE) at 5 years (mini‐crush 36.0% vs. culotte 41.4%, P = 0.57). Myocardial infarction (MI) and definite stent thrombosis (ST) occurred significantly higher (MI; 0 vs. 11.3%, log‐rank P = 0.003, and definite ST; 0 vs. 6.3%, log‐rank P = 0.02, respectively) in the culotte group. Cox regression analysis indicated that full stent coverage of the LMCA and SYNTAX score were independent predictors for MACE.ConclusionsThe incidence of MACE and overall TLR were comparable between groups. However, the rates of MI and definite ST were significantly higher in the culotte group. Full stent coverage of the LMCA may reduce the incidence of MACE when a two‐stent strategy is used for the treatment of unprotected LMCA disease. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PFO closure: End of an era or beginning of a new chapter?
Authors: Traina Mahmoud I. , Tuzcu E. Murat 
Published: January 2017

Key Points

This large long‐term retrospective cohort study shows that percutaneous patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure is safe.
Higher rates of recurrent stroke or TIA were noted in older patients (age>55) and those with diabetes and hypertension
Randomized trials have failed to show significant benefit from PFO closure for cryptogenic stroke though pooled analyses and longer‐term follow‐up have revealed significant reduction in recurrent strokes. Future studies and longer‐term follow‐up will need to elucidate which subgroups of patients will benefit from closure.
Addressing the needs of treating congenital heart disease: The influence of deficient retro‐aortic rim on technical success and early adverse events following device closure of secundum atrial septal defects: An analysis of the IMPACT registry®
Authors: M. Tobis Jonathan 
Published: January 2017

Key Points

For secundum ASD, a deficient retro‐aortic rim is common (40% of cases)
However, the deficient retro‐aortic rim had no effect on ASD device placement success or immediate outcome
The IMPACT Registry does not track long‐term outcome, so there is no information provided about long‐term complications, such as erosion.
BVS for bifurcation lesions: To Do or Not to Do Is No more the question!
Authors: Seth Ashok 
Published: January 2017

Key Points

Presents the intermediate term results of BVS in bifurcation lesions from a large database.
Emphasizes the optimal technique of BVS implantation in this lesion subset which may influence outcomes.
Prospective, large, protocol driven registries would define the role of BVS in bifurcation lesion.
Unprotected Left Main Disease and Percutaneous Intervention: A Prototype for Precision Medicine
Authors: Chatterjee Arka , Hillegass William B. 
Published: January 2017

Key Points

The SYNTAX Score based on angiographic findings is an actionable risk prediction model helping guide treatment for significant unprotected left main disease.
Adding the clinical factor based EuroSCORE to SYNTAX improves outcome prediction for percutaneous coronary intervention of unprotected left main disease.
Prediction models are an increasingly useful tool permitting cardiologists to optimize patient outcomes through “personalized” or precision medicine.
Spraying Coagulation‐Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis of MoS2/Carbon/Graphene Composite Microspheres for Lithium‐Ion Battery Applications
Authors: Liu Jine , Fu Aiping , Wang Yiqian , Guo Peizhi , Feng Hongbin , Li Hongliang , Zhao Xiu Song 
Published: January 2017

AbstractComposite microspheres consisting of molybdenum disulfide, amorphous carbon, and reduced graphene oxide (named MoS2‐AC‐RGO) were prepared by using a hydrothermal approach combined with the spraying coagulation process and calcinations step. Intercalation compound cellulose−MoS2 was obtained after the spraying coagulation‐assisted hydrothermal treatment, which then converts to MoS2‐AC‐RGO after calcination. Graphene oxide and cellulose were utilized as the precursors of RGO and AC, respectively. Thiourea was adopted as both the species for cellulose dissolution and the sulfur precursor for MoS2. The suspension of GO and sodium molybdate also played the role of the coagulation bath. The influence of cellulose on the structure, morphology, and electrochemical performance of the resultant MoS2‐AC‐RGO microspheres was investigated based on XRD, SEM, TEM, Raman spectra, TGA, and N2 adsorption−desorption technique as well as electrochemical measurements. The composite microspheres show superior electrochemical properties as anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries and exhibit a high reversible capacity of 910 mAhg−1 at a current density of 200 mA g−1, excellent rate capability, and superior cyclic stability with a capacity of 86% after 70 cycles. The roles of the graphene and the cellulose in improving the electrochemical properties of the MoS2‐AC‐RGO composites are discussed based on the morphology, structure, phase, and electrochemical performance studies.