bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amplification of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation associated with the onset of the industrial-era warming
Authors: Moore G. W. K. , Halfar J. , Majeed H. , Adey W. , Kronz A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractNorth Atlantic sea surface temperatures experience variability with a periodicity of 60–80 years that is known as the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). It has a profound imprint on the global climate system that results in a number of high value societal impacts. However the industrial period, i.e. the middle of the 19th century onwards, contains only two full cycles of the AMO making it difficult to fully characterize this oscillation and its impact on the climate system. As a result, there is a clear need to identify paleoclimate records extending into the pre-industrial period that contain an expression of the AMO. This is especially true for extratropical marine paleoclimate proxies where such expressions are currently unavailable. Here we present an annually resolved coralline algal time series from the northwest Atlantic Ocean that exhibits multidecadal variability extending back six centuries. The time series contains a statistically significant trend towards higher values, i.e. warmer conditions, beginning in the 19th century that coincided with an increase in the time series’ multidecadal power. We argue that these changes are associated with a regional climate reorganization involving an amplification of the AMO that coincided with onset of the industrial-era warming.
MicroRNA-34 directly targets pair-rule genes and cytoskeleton component in the honey bee
Authors: Freitas Flávia C. P. , Pires Camilla V. , Claudianos Charles , Cristino Alexandre S. , Simões Zilá L. P. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of developmental processes, such as cell fate determination and differentiation. Previous studies showed Dicer knockdown in honeybee embryos disrupt the processing of functional mature miRNAs and impairs embryo patterning. Here we investigated the expression profiles of miRNAs in honeybee embryogenesis and the role of the highly conserved miR-34-5p in the regulation of genes involved in insect segmentation. A total of 221 miRNAs were expressed in honey bee embryogenesis among which 97 mature miRNA sequences have not been observed before. Interestingly, we observed a switch in dominance between the 5-prime and 3-prime arm of some miRNAs in different embryonic stages; however, most miRNAs present one dominant arm across all stages of embryogenesis. Our genome-wide analysis of putative miRNA-target networks and functional pathways indicates miR-34-5p is one of the most conserved and connected miRNAs associated with the regulation of genes involved in embryonic patterning and development. In addition, we experimentally validated that miR-34-5p directly interacts to regulatory elements in the 3′-untranslated regions of pair-rule (even-skipped, hairy, fushi-tarazu transcription factor 1) and cytoskeleton (actin5C) genes. Our study suggests that miR-34-5p may regulate the expression of pair-rule and cytoskeleton genes during early development and control insect segmentation.
Metal-Insulator Transition of strained SmNiO3 Thin Films: Structural, Electrical and Optical Properties
Authors: Torriss B. , Margot J. , Chaker M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSamarium nickelate (SmNiO3) thin films were successfully synthesized on LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 substrates using pulsed-laser deposition. The Mott metal-insulator (MI) transition of the thin films is sensitive to epitaxial strain and strain relaxation. Once the strain changes from compressive to tensile, the transition temperature of the SmNiO3 samples shifts to slightly higher values. The optical conductivity reveals the strong dependence of the Drude spectral weight on the strain relaxation. Actually, compressive strain broadens the bandwidth. In contrast, tensile strain causes the effective number of free carriers to reduce which is consistent with the d-band narrowing.
The clinically approved antiviral drug sofosbuvir inhibits Zika virus replication
Authors: Sacramento Carolina Q. , de Melo Gabrielle R. , de Freitas Caroline S. , Rocha Natasha , Hoelz Lucas Villas Bôas , Miranda Milene , Fintelman-Rodrigues Natalia , Marttorelli Andressa , Ferreira André C. , Barbosa-Lima Giselle , Abrantes Juliana L. , Vieira Yasmine Rangel , Bastos Mônica M. , de Mello Volotão Eduardo , Nunes Estevão Portela , Tschoeke Diogo A. , Leomil Luciana , Loiola Erick Correia , Trindade Pablo , Rehen Stevens K. , Bozza Fernando A. , Bozza Patrícia T. , Boechat Nubia , Thompson Fabiano L. , de Filippis Ana M. B. , Brüning Karin , Souza Thiago Moreno L. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) is a member of the Flaviviridae family, along with other agents of clinical significance such as dengue (DENV) and hepatitis C (HCV) viruses. Since ZIKV causes neurological disorders during fetal development and in adulthood, antiviral drugs are necessary. Sofosbuvir is clinically approved for use against HCV and targets the protein that is most conserved among the members of the Flaviviridae family, the viral RNA polymerase. Indeed, we found that sofosbuvir inhibits ZIKV RNA polymerase, targeting conserved amino acid residues. Sofosbuvir inhibited ZIKV replication in different cellular systems, such as hepatoma (Huh-7) cells, neuroblastoma (SH-Sy5y) cells, neural stem cells (NSC) and brain organoids. In addition to the direct inhibition of the viral RNA polymerase, we observed that sofosbuvir also induced an increase in A-to-G mutations in the viral genome. Together, our data highlight a potential secondary use of sofosbuvir, an anti-HCV drug, against ZIKV.
Understanding the dynamics of Toll-like Receptor 5 response to flagellin and its regulation by estradiol
Authors: Caballero Ignacio , Boyd James , Almiñana Carmen , Sánchez-López Javier A. , Basatvat Shaghayegh , Montazeri Mehrnaz , Maslehat Lay Nasim , Elliott Sarah , Spiller David G. , White Michael R. H. , Fazeli Alireza 
Published: January 2017

AbstractToll-like receptors (TLRs) are major players of the innate immune system. Once activated, they trigger a signalling cascade that leads to NF-κB translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Single cell analysis shows that NF-κB signalling dynamics are a critical determinant of transcriptional regulation. Moreover, the outcome of innate immune response is also affected by the cross-talk between TLRs and estrogen signalling. Here, we characterized the dynamics of TLR5 signalling, responsible for the recognition of flagellated bacteria, and those changes induced by estradiol in its signalling at the single cell level. TLR5 activation in MCF7 cells induced a single and sustained NF-κB translocation into the nucleus that resulted in high NF-κB transcription activity. The overall magnitude of NF-κB transcription activity was not influenced by the duration of the stimulus. No significant changes are observed in the dynamics of NF-κB translocation to the nucleus when MCF7 cells are incubated with estradiol. However, estradiol significantly decreased NF-κB transcriptional activity while increasing TLR5-mediated AP-1 transcription. The effect of estradiol on transcriptional activity was dependent on the estrogen receptor activated. This fine tuning seems to occur mainly in the nucleus at the transcription level rather than affecting the translocation of the NF-κB transcription factor.
Manipulating orbital angular momentum of light with tailored in-plane polarization states
Authors: Du Luping , Man Zhongsheng , Zhang Yuquan , Min Changjun , Zhu Siwei , Yuan Xiaocong 
Published: January 2017

AbstractGenerally, polarization and phase are considered as two relatively independent parameters of light, and show little interaction when a light propagates in a homogeneous and isotropic medium. Here, we reveal that orbital angular momentum (OAM) of an optical vortex beam can be modulated by specially-tailored locally linear polarization states of light under a tightly-focusing conditon. We perform both theoretical and experimental studies of this interaction between vortex phase and vector polarization, and find that an arbitrary topological charge value of OAM can be achieved in principle through vector polarization modulation, in contrast to the spin-orbital conversion that yields only the ± ћ OAM values through circular polarization. We verify the modulation of optical OAM state with vector beams by observing the orbital rotation of trapped particles.
Insight into the essential role of the Helicobacter pylori HP1043 orphan response regulator: genome-wide identification and characterization of the DNA-binding sites
Authors: Pelliciari Simone , Pinatel Eva , Vannini Andrea , Peano Clelia , Puccio Simone , De Bellis Gianluca , Danielli Alberto , Scarlato Vincenzo , Roncarati Davide 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMany bacterial regulatory genes appear to be dispensable, as they can be deleted from the genome without loss of bacterial functionalities. In Helicobacter pylori, the hp1043 gene, also known as hsrA, is one of the transcriptional regulator that is essential for cell viability. This gene could not be deleted, nor the amount of protein modulated, supporting the hypothesis that HP1043 could be involved in the regulation of crucial cellular processes. Even though detailed structural data are available for the HP1043 protein, its targets are still ill-defined. Using Chromatin Immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq), one of the most powerful approaches to characterize protein-DNA interactions in vivo, we were able to identify genome-wide several new HP1043 binding sites. Moreover, in vitro DNA binding assays enabled precise mapping of the HP1043 binding sites on the new targets, revealing the presence of a conserved nucleotide sequence motif. Intriguingly, a significant fraction of the newly identified binding sites overlaps promoter regions controlling the expression of genes involved in translation. Accordingly, when protein translation was blocked, a significant induction of almost all HP1043 target genes was detected. These observations prompted us to propose HP1043 as a key regulator in H. pylori, likely involved in sensing and in coordinating the response to environmental conditions that provoke an arrest of protein synthesis. The essential role of HP1043 in coordinating central cellular processes is discussed.
Enhancement of RecA-mediated self-assembly in DNA nanostructures through basepair mismatches and single-strand nicks
Authors: Corbett Sybilla Louise , Sharma Rajan , Davies Alexander Giles , Wälti Christoph 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe use of DNA as a structural material for nanometre-scale construction has grown extensively over the last decades. The development of more advanced DNA-based materials would benefit from a modular approach enabling the direct assembly of additional elements onto nanostructures after fabrication. RecA-based nucleoprotein filaments encapsulating short ssDNA have been demonstrated as a tool for highly efficient and fully programmablepost-hocpatterning of duplex DNA scaffold. However, the underlying assembly process is not fully understood, in particular when patterning complex DNA topologies. Here, we report the effect of basepair-mismatched regions and single-strand nicks in the double-stranded DNA scaffold on the yield of RecA-based assembly. Significant increases in assembly yield are observed upon the introduction of unpaired basepairs directly adjacent to the assembly region. However, when the unpaired regions were introduced further from the assembly site the assembly yield initially decreased as the length of the unpaired region was increased. These results suggest that an unpaired region acts as a kinetic trap for RecA-based nucleoprotein filaments, impeding the assembly mechanism. Conversely, when the unpaired region is located directly adjacent to the assembly site, it leads to an increase in efficiency of RecA patterning owing to increased breathing of the assembly site.
Core-shell homojunction silicon vertical nanowire tunneling field-effect transistors
Authors: Yoon Jun-Sik , Kim Kihyun , Baek Chang-Ki 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe propose three-terminal core-shell (CS) silicon vertical nanowire tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs), which can be fabricated by conventional CMOS technology. CS TFETs show lower subthreshold swing (SS) and higher on-state current than conventional TFETs through their high surface-to-volume ratio, which increases carrier-tunneling region with no additional device area. The on-state current can be enhanced by increasing the nanowire height, decreasing equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) or creating a nanowire array. The off-state current is also manageable for power saving through selective epitaxial growth at the top-side nanowire region. CS TFETs with an EOT of 0.8 nm and an aspect ratio of 20 for the core nanowire region provide the largest drain current ranges with point SS values below 60 mV/dec and superior on/off current ratio under all operation voltages of 0.5, 0.7, and 1.0 V. These devices are promising for low-power applications at low fabrication cost and high device density.
mTORC1 phosphorylates LARP6 to stimulate type I collagen expression
Authors: Zhang Yujie , Stefanovic Branko 
Published: January 2017

AbstractExcessive deposition of type I collagen causes fibrotic diseases. Binding of La ribonucleoprotein domain family, member 6 (LARP6) to collagen mRNAs regulates their translation and is necessary for high type I collagen expression. Here we show that mTORC1 phosphorylates LARP6 on S348 and S409. The S348A/S409A mutant of LARP6 acts as a dominant negative protein in collagen biosynthesis, which retards secretion of type I collagen and causes excessive posttranslational modifications. Similar effects are seen using mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin or by knocking down raptor. The S348A/S409A mutant weakly interacts with the accessory protein STRAP, needed for coordinated translation of collagen mRNAs. The interaction of wt LARP6 and STRAP is also attenuated by rapamycin and by raptor knockdown. Additionally, in the absence of S348/S409 phosphorylation LARP6 is sequestered in increasing amounts at the ER membrane. We postulate that phosphorylation of S348/S409 by mTORC1 stimulates the interaction of LARP6 and STRAP to coordinate translation of collagen mRNAs and to release LARP6 from the ER for new round of translation. These mechanisms contribute to high level of collagen expression in fibrosis.
FSD-C10, a Fasudil derivative, promotes neuroregeneration through indirect and direct mechanisms
Authors: Li Yan-Hua , Xie Chong , Zhang Yuan , Li Xing , Zhang Hai-fei , Wang Qing , Chai Zhi , Xiao Bao-guo , Thome Rodolfo , Zhang Guang-Xian , Ma Cun-gen 
Published: January 2017

AbstractFSD-C10, a Fasudil derivative, was shown to reduce severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), through the modulation of the immune response and induction of neuroprotective molecules in the central nervous system (CNS). However, whether FSD-C10 can promote neuroregeneration remains unknown. In this study, we further analyzed the effect of FSD-C10 on neuroprotection and remyelination. FSD-C10-treated mice showed a longer, thicker and more intense MAP2 and synaptophysin positive signal in the CNS, with significantly fewer CD4+T cells, macrophages and microglia. Importantly, the CNS of FSD-C10-treated mice showed a shift of activated macrophages/microglia from the type 1 to type 2 status, elevated numbers of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and oligodendrocytes, and increased levels of neurotrophic factors NT-3, GDNF and BDNF. FSD-C10-treated microglia significantly inhibited Th1/Th17 cell differentiation and increased the number of IL-10+CD4+T cells, and the conditioned medium from FSD-C10-treated microglia promoted OPC survival and oligodendrocyte maturation. Addition of FSD-C10 directly promoted remyelination in a chemical-induced demyelination model on organotypic slice culture, in a BDNF-dependent manner. Together, these findings demonstrate that FSD-C10 promotes neural repair through mechanisms that involved both immunomodulation and induction of neurotrophic factors.
An altered endometrial CD8 tissue resident memory T cell population in recurrent miscarriage
Authors: Southcombe J. H. , Mounce G. , McGee K. , Elghajiji A. , Brosens J. , Quenby S. , Child T. , Granne I. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWhen trying to conceive 1% of couples have recurrent miscarriages, defined as three or more consecutive pregnancy losses. This is not accounted for by the known incidence of chromosomal aneuploidy in miscarriage, and it has been suggested that there is an immunological aetiology. The endometrial mucosa is populated by a variety of immune cells which in addition to providing host pathogen immunity must facilitate pregnancy. Here we characterise the endometrial CD8-T cell population during the embryonic window of implantation and find that the majority of cells are tissue resident memory T cells with high levels of CD69 and CD103 expression, proteins that prevent cells egress. We demonstrate that unexplained recurrent miscarriage is associated with significantly decreased expression of the T-cell co-receptor CD8 and tissue residency marker CD69. These cells differ from those found in control women, with less expression of CD127 indicating a lack of homeostatic cell control through IL-7 signalling. Nevertheless this population is resident in the endometrium of women who have RM, more than three months after the last miscarriage, indicating that the memory CD8-T cell population is altered in RM patients. This is the first evidence of a differing pre-pregnancy phenotype in endometrial immune cells in RM.
Implant Design and Effects on Patellofemoral Crepitus
Authors: McNabb David , Jennings Jason , Daines Brian , Laz Peter , Kim Raymond , Dennis Douglas 
Published: January 2017

Background Patellofemoral crepitus is a known complication of posterior stabilized (PS) total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study compared the incidence of patellofemoral crepitus between two femoral components designs.
Materials and Methods Between January 2005 and August 2010, 1,120 patients with complete 2-year follow-up had a PS TKA with two different prosthetic designs (group A, 553 patients; group B, 567 patients). Records were reviewed to identify the incidence of total, symptomatic, and operative patellofemoral crepitus.
Results No statistical differences were observed in the incidence of total patellofemoral crepitus (group A 14.1%, group B 14.5%; p = 0.932) or symptomatic patellofemoral crepitus (group A 5.6%, group B 4.2%; p = 0.334). The incidence of operative crepitus was greater in group A (3.3%) than in group B (1.3%; p = 0.026). Analysis of mobile versus fixed bearing designs showed a higher incidence of total patellofemoral crepitus in mobile bearing TKA (16.04 vs. 4.93%; p = 0.006) within group B only.
Conclusion Femoral component design with a smoother intercondylar box transition zone resulted in a lower incidence of operative patellofemoral crepitus. No statistical differences were noted regarding the incidence of total and symptomatic patellofemoral crepitus. Mobile bearing TKA exhibited greater total crepitus within group B.
Level of Evidence Level III.
Entstehung einer Leitlinie zur Beatmungsentwöhnung in der neurologisch-neurochirurgischen Frührehabilitation
Authors: Rollnik Jens , Pohl Marcus 
Published: January 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Beatmungsentwöhnung von neurologisch-neurochirurgischen Frührehabilitanden stellt besondere Anforderungen an spezialisierte Rehabilitationseinrichtungen. Begleitend zu den üblichen frührehabilitativen Therapien stellt die Entwöhnung vom Respirator ein wichtiges Teilhabeziel dar, das die multidisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit von Ärzten, Pflegenden und Therapeuten in den Vordergrund rückt. Durch die Grunderkrankung ist neurologische Expertise zwingend erforderlich, auch um den Besonderheiten im Weaning-Prozess, die sich z. B. aus einer Beeinträchtigung des neuromuskulären Systems mit resultierender Störung der Atemmuskulatur ergeben, gerecht werden zu können. Diese Spezifika haben die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurorehabilitation (DGNR) bewogen, eine eigene S2k-Leitlinie zum prolongierten Weaning neurologisch-neurochirurgischer Frührehabilitanden zu erarbeiten, die in Kürze publiziert werden wird.
Die Visusminderung in Zusammenhang mit Silikonöltamponaden
Authors: Tode J. , Roider J. 
Published: January 2017

Zusammenfassung ein dauerhafter Visusverlust beobachtet. Bei den meisten dieser Patienten liegt dieser Visusminderung eine Ausdünnung der inneren Netzhautschichten zugrunde. Die hierfür ursächliche Pathologie ist nach wie vor unklar. Ein direkter Zusammenhang der Visusminderung mit dem Silikonöl ist wahrscheinlich, aber nicht belegt. Bei Patienten, die eine Gas- oder keine Tamponade erhalten haben, gibt es diese Beobachtung nicht. Die Visusminderung während oder nach Entfernung einer Silikonöltamponade ist ein unterschätztes Phänomen. Die Sicherheit von Silikonöl als vitreoretinale Tamponade sollte erneut und systematisch untersucht werden. Es scheint lohnenswert, nach neuen dauerhaften intraokularen Tamponaden zu suchen. Eine Verwendung von Silikonöl sollte in jedem Einzelfall genauestens abgewogen werden.
Partnerships in obesity prevention: maximising co‐benefits
Authors: Jones Michelle , Verity Fiona 
Published: January 2017

Issue addressedPartnerships were used to increase healthy eating and active living in children for the Obesity Prevention and Lifestyle (OPAL) program, a systems‐wide, community‐based childhood obesity prevention program in South Australia. This part of the multi‐component evaluation examines stakeholders' perceptions of how OPAL staff worked in partnership and factors contributing to strong partnerships.MethodsPre‐ and post‐interviews and focus groups with multi‐sector stakeholders (n = 131) across six OPAL communities were analysed using NVivo8 qualitative data analysis software.ResultsStakeholders reflected positively on projects developed in partnership with OPAL, reporting that staff worked to establish co‐benefits. They identified several factors that contributed to the strengthening of partnerships: staff skills, visibility, resources and sustainability.ConclusionsRather than implementing projects with stakeholders with shared organisational goals, local shared projects were implemented that included a breadth of co‐benefits, allowing multi‐sector stakeholders to meet their own organisational goals. Practitioners who have the capacity to be flexible, persistent, knowledgeable and skilled communicators are required to negotiate projects, achieving benefit for both health and stakeholders' organisational goals.So what?Engaging in partnership practice to broker co‐benefits at the micro or program level has been an effective model for community engagement and change in OPAL. It foregrounds the need for the inclusion of value to partners, which differs from situations in which organisations come together around common goals.
Iron isotopes reveal distinct dissolved iron sources and pathways in the intermediate versus deep Southern Ocean
Authors: Abadie Cyril , Lacan Francois , Radic Amandine , Pradoux Catherine , Poitrasson Franck 
Published: January 2017

Significance
Iron is an essential micronutrient for life. However, its scarcity limits algae growth in about one-half of the ocean. Its cycle is therefore linked to the global carbon cycle and climate. We present an iron isotope section from the Southern Ocean. In contrast to the common but oversimplified view, according to which organic matter remineralization is the major pathway releasing dissolved iron below the surface layers, these data reveal other dominant processes at depth, likely abiotic desorption/dissolution from lithogenic particles. This suggests that the iron cycle, and therefore primary production and climate, may be more sensitive than previously thought to continental erosion, dissolved/particle interactions, and deep water upwelling. These processes likely impact other elements in the ocean.