bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in Neuropeptide Y Secretion Between Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Schebesch Karl-M. , Bründl Elisabeth , Schödel Petra , Hochreiter Andreas , Scheitzach Judith , Bele Sylvia , Brawanski Alexander , Störr Eva-M. , Lohmeier Anette , Proescholdt Martin 
Published: July 2016

Background:
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is one of the most potent endogenous vasoconstrictors, and its contribution to the multifactorial cascade of cerebral vasospasm due to nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is not yet fully understood. This experimental study compared the hemorrhage-specific course of NPY secretion into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and into plasma between 2 groups: patients with SAH and patients with basal ganglia hemorrhage (BGH) or cerebellar hemorrhage (CH) over the first 10 days after hemorrhage.

Materials and Methods:
Seventy-nine patients were prospectively included: SAH patients (n=66) (historic population) and intracerebral hemorrhage patients (n=13). All patients received an external ventricular drain within 24 hours of the onset of bleeding. CSF and plasma were drawn daily from day 1 to day 10. The levels of NPY were determined by means of competitive enzyme immunoassay. The CSF samples of 29 patients (historic population) who had undergone spinal anesthesia due to orthopedic surgery served as the control group.

Results:
NPY levels in CSF were significantly higher in the 2 hemorrhage groups than in the control group. However, the 2 hemorrhage groups showed significant differences in NPY levels in CSF (SAH mean, 0.842 ng/mL vs. BGH/CH mean, 0.250 ng/mL; P<0.001) as well as in the course of NPY secretion into CSF over the 10-day period. NPY levels in plasma did not differ significantly among SAH, BGH/CH, and controls.

Conclusions:
Our findings support the hypothesis that excessive release of NPY into CSF but not into plasma is specific to aneurysmal SAH in the acute period of 10 days after hemorrhage. In BGH/CH, CSF levels of NPY were also increased, but the range was much lower.
Early Effects of Enteral Urea on Intracranial Pressure in Patients With Acute Brain Injury and Hyponatremia
Authors: Annoni Filippo , Fontana Vito , Brimioulle Serge , Creteur Jacques , Vincent Jean-Louis , Taccone Fabio S. 
Published: July 2016

Background:
Hyponatremia occurs commonly after acute brain injury and is often due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Urea administration is 1 therapeutic option.

Methods:
In our Department, enteral urea is routinely administered to patients with acute brain injury who develop hyponatremia consistent with SIADH and do not respond to an initial sodium load. We reviewed the records of all patients over a 2-year period, who had acute brain injury, received enteral urea because of hyponatremia, and had intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring using an intraventricular catheter. We recorded demographic, biological, and clinical data; mean ICP values during the 6 hours before and after the first dose of urea were also recorded.

Results:
We included 40 patients (23 subarachnoid hemorrhage, 8 traumatic brain injury, 6 intracranial hemorrhage, 2 postbrain tumor surgery, and 1 ischemic stroke); median age was 54 years (IQRs, 44 to 63 y) and median admission APACHE II score was 19 (13 to 19); 6-month survival was 63%. Median baseline sodium was 133 mEq/L (131 to 135 mEq/L). No patients received additional therapy to decrease ICP during the 6 hours following urea initiation. After the first urea dose (15 g), ICP decreased from 14 (13 to 18 mm Hg) to 11 mm Hg (8 to 13 mm Hg) (P<0.001). Changes in ICP were not correlated to changes in sodium (r
2=0.02). The reduction in ICP was larger in patients with ICP≥15 mm Hg (n=22) than in the others (−8 mm Hg [−14 to −3 mm Hg] vs. −2 mm Hg [−3 to 0 mm Hg], P=0.001).

Conclusions:
Enteral urea administration in patients with acute brain injury and hyponatremia is associated with a significant reduction in ICP independent of changes in sodium levels.
Controversies in Intramedullary Fixation for Intertrochanteric Hip Fractures
Authors: Baldwin Paul C. , Lavender Randy C. , Sanders Roy , Koval Kenneth J. 
Published: July 2016

Summary:
Intertrochanteric hip fractures are common and costly. Intramedullary fixation has gained popularity as a means of stabilizing intertrochanteric hip fractures. This review article presents some of the controversies surrounding the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures using a cephalomedullary nail. These topics include nail length, the need for distal interlocking, proximal screw design, the number of proximal lag screws, and integrated proximal sliding lag screws.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level V. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Computed Tomography Assessment of Peroneal Tendon Displacement and Posteromedial Structure Entrapment in Pilon Fractures
Authors: Fokin Alex , Huntley Samuel R. , Summers Spencer H. , Lawrie Charles M. , Miranda Alejandro D. , Caban-Martinez Alberto J. , Steinlauf Steven D. 
Published: July 2016

Objectives:
To determine the proportion of (1) peroneal tendon displacement (PTD) and posteromedial structure entrapment (PMSE) cases in a sample of pilon fractures, (2) missed diagnoses of PTD and PMSE on computed tomography (CT) by radiologists and attending orthopaedic trauma surgeons, and PTD and PMSE cases by (3) OTA/AO classification, and (4) fibular fracture.

Design:
Retrospective cohort review.

Setting:
Regional level 1 Trauma Center.

Patients/Participants:
Two hundred patients treated between July 2008 and November 2014.

Intervention:
Axial and reconstructed CT images were used in bone and soft tissue windows to identify PTD and PMSE.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Medical charts were reviewed to identify OTA/AO fracture classification, the presence of concomitant fibular fracture, whether radiologist CT interpretation noted PTD or PMSE, and whether attending orthopaedic trauma surgeons' operative notes mentioned recognition of and management of PTD or PMSE.

Results:
From the retrospective review of CT, PTD was identified in 11.0% and PMSE in 19.0% of all pilon fractures. Of the 22 patients with PTD, 59.1% sustained a concomitant fibular fracture and 90.9% sustained a 43-C fracture. Patients with PTD sustained more 43-C fractures (90.9% vs. 62.9%) but significantly fewer fibular fractures (59.1% vs. 80.3%; P = 0.023) than patients without PTD. Of the 38 patients with PMSE, 81.6% sustained a fibular fracture and 86.8% sustained a 43-C fracture. PMSE was more common in patients with 43-C fractures (86.8% vs. 61.1%). The final preoperative radiologist CT interpretation commented on PTD and PMSE in 50.0% of cases.

Conclusions:
Higher energy pilon fractures (43-C) are associated with higher incidence of PMSE and PTD. Concomitant fibula fracture may play a protective role in PTD in the setting of pilon fractures. Both attending radiologists and attending orthopaedic trauma surgeons frequently fail to recognize the diagnoses of PTD and PMSE.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Secondary Ossification Center Appearance and Closure in the Pelvis and Proximal Femur
Authors: Parvaresh Kevin C. , Upasani Vidyadhar V. , Bomar James D. , Pennock Andrew T. 
Published: July 2016

Introduction:
Variable ossification patterns of the pelvis in skeletally immature patients can make the interpretation of pelvic radiographs challenging. Inconsistencies among prior studies and lack of sex comparisons underscore the need for a more comprehensive characterization of the secondary ossification centers. This study evaluates the chronology and sex differences for appearance and closure of pelvic and proximal femoral secondary ossification centers using computed tomography (CT).

Methods:
Patients who underwent abdominal and pelvic CT scans between January 2009 and December 2014 at 2 tertiary level 1 trauma centers were retrospectively reviewed. Patients between the ages of 2 and 32 years with adequate imaging of the pelvis and proximal femurs were included. Patients with a history of orthopaedic trauma or pathology affecting ossification were excluded. CT scans were assessed for the appearance and closure of the following secondary ossification centers: anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS), anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), femoral head (FH), greater trochanter (GT), iliac crest (IC), ischial tuberosity (IT), lesser trochanter (LT), posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS), symphysis pubis (SP), and triradiate cartilage (TRC). Basic descriptive statistics are reported.

Results:
A total of 496 CT scans met inclusion criteria (240 males and 256 females). The order of appearance of the secondary ossification centers was: (male) GT, LT, AIIS, IT, ASIS, PSIS, IC, and SP; (female) GT, LT, IT, AIIS, PSIS, IC, ASIS, and SP. The order of closure was similar: (male) TRC, LT, FH, AIIS, GT, ASIS, PSIS, IT, IC, and SP; (female) LT, TRC, AIIS, FH, GT, ASIS, PSIS, IT, IC, and SP. Female ossification centers appeared ∼1 to 2 years before males in all locations. Female ossification centers closed ∼1 to 2 years before males in all locations except TRC, IC, and SP.

Conclusions:
The appearance and closure of the pelvis and proximal femur secondary ossification centers follow a predictable pattern of development, occurring slightly earlier in females than males. Knowledge of more precise ages of development and sex differences better characterize this complex skeletal development. Future studies may use secondary ossification centers to further evaluate skeletal maturity, assess pediatric pathology, and aid surgical management.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Catcher’s Knee: Posterior Femoral Condyle Juvenile Osteochondritis Dissecans in Children and Adolescents
Authors: McElroy Mark J. , Riley Patrick M. , Tepolt Frances A. , Nasreddine Adam Y. , Kocher Mininder S. 
Published: July 2016

Background:
Juvenile osteochondritis dissecans is an idiopathic condition involving subchondral bone and articular cartilage in skeletally immature patients in whom the growth plates are open, potentially leading to lesion instability. Because of the differing forces experienced by baseball/softball catchers versus position players, the age at which lesions develop and the characteristics of the lesions themselves may differ between these 2 populations. The purpose of the study was to examine relative age and characteristics of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) knee lesions in catchers compared with position players.

Methods:
Using a text-based search tool that queries clinic notes and operative reports, computerized medical records from 1990 to 2014 from the Sports Medicine Program of a tertiary care Children’s Hospital were searched to find children and adolescents who had OCD of the knee, played baseball/softball, had a specified field position, and had magnetic resonance imaging of the knee. Ultimately, 98 knees (78 patients) were identified: 33 knees (29 patients) in catchers and 65 knees (49 patients) in noncatchers. Data collected included position played (catcher/noncatcher), demographics (age, unilateral/bilateral, and sex), lesion severity, and sagittal and coronal lesion location.

Results:
When compared with noncatchers, catchers presented at a younger age (P=0.035) but were similar with respect to bilateral involvement (P=0.115), sex (P=0.457), and lesion severity (P=0.484). Lesions in catchers were more posterior on the femoral condyle in the sagittal plane (P=0.004) but similar in location in the coronal plane (P=0.210).

Conclusions:
Catchers developed OCD at a younger age and in a more posterior location on the medial and lateral femoral condyles than noncatchers. These results may represent the effects of repetitive and persistent loading of the knees in the hyperflexed position required of catchers. Increased awareness of this risk may lead to surveillance and prevention programs.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—case-control study.
Functional Dyspepsia
Authors: Romano Claudio , Valenti Simona , Cardile Sabrina , Benninga Marc A. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTAs defined by Rome III, there are 4 abdominal pain‐related functional gastrointestinal disorders in children: irritable bowel syndrome, functional dyspepsia (FD), abdominal migraine, and functional abdominal pain. Dyspepsia is a constellation of symptoms referable to the gastroduodenal region of the upper gastrointestinal tract. FD refers to dyspeptic symptoms that cannot currently be explained by an organic cause, and affects 25% to 40% of the adult population over a lifetime. In children, this condition results in increased specialist consultations, with reported prevalence between 3% and 27%. The Rome III criteria for pediatric FD include the presence or persistence of recurrent pain or discomfort centered in the upper abdomen, without evidence of organic disease or change in frequency of stools. Symptoms must be chronic, occurring at least weekly and over a period of at least 6 months. The goal of this article is to provide a narrative review of diagnosis and management of the FD in the pediatric population. A comprehensive search of published literature using the PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/) database was carried out to identify all articles published in English from 1998 to November 2015, using 3 key terms; “FD,” “functional gastrointestinal disorders,” and “children.”
Prevalence of the Accessory Cardiac Bronchus on Multidetector Computed Tomography
Authors: Unlu Elif Nisa , Yilmaz Aydin Leyla , Bakirci Sinan , Onbas Omer 
Published: July 2016

Purpose:
Accessory cardiac bronchus (ACB) is a very rare congenital anomaly and may cause some clinical complications, such as recurrent episodes of both infection and hemoptysis. The purpose of this study was to assess the multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) characteristics of ACB and to classify this anomaly according to the MDCT aspects.

Materials and Methods:
The routine thoracic CT scans from 5790 patients were evaluated retrospectively. The prevalence, location, length, diameter, division angle, distance from the carina, and the type of ACB were evaluated.

Results:
A total of 12 ACBs were identified, with a prevalence of 0.2%. All ACBs originated from the intermediate bronchus. The median largest diameter of the ACBs was 7.75 mm (range: 5.8 to 10.30 mm), the median length was 12.1 mm (range: 8.6 to 35 mm), the median division angle was 61 degrees (range: 42 to 93 degrees), and the median distance from the carina was 16.95 mm (range: 5.7 to 22.20 mm). Six cases (50%) had a blind extremity (type 1: diverticulum or stump type), 3 cases (25%) had a mutiloculated cystic change at the end (type 2: cystic type), and 3 cases (25%) had a ventilated lobulus demarcated by an anomalous fissure (type 3: ventilated type).

Conclusions:
ACBs can be classified into 3 types according to their MDCT features. Recognition of ACB is important, as it is associated with clinical complications and is also salient in trauma cases.
Levetiracetam and Valproate Retention Rate in Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy
Authors: Sala-Padró Jacint , Toledo Manuel , Santamarina Estevo , González-Cuevas Montserrat , Raspall-Chaure Miquel , Sueiras-Gil Maria , Quintana Manolo , Salas-Puig Xavier 
Published: July 2016

Background
Valproic acid (VPA) is an effective treatment in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), but concerns on its use during pregnancy are remarkable. Levetiracetam (LEV) is approved as second-line therapy, and used as monotherapy in clinical practice. Our objective was to analyze the outcome of LEV and VPA in JME.

Materials and Methods
We analyzed patients with JME attending our epilepsy unit between 2010 and 2014, including all patients treated with LEV and/or VPA at some point of the disease course. The primary end point was drug retention rate in monotherapy after the final analysis.

Results
We identified 58 patients (62% women). All had myoclonic seizures, 86% had generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) before the diagnosis, and 9% also had absences. All had generalized spike and wave on the interictal electroencephalogram, and 86% of them also had generalized polyspike and wave discharges. In total, LEV monotherapy was maintained in 15 (65%) of 23 patients, and VPA was maintained in 37 (74%) of 50 patients (P = 0.062). In women younger than 35 years, LEV had a similar retention rate with VPA (P = 0.939). More VPA patients achieved seizure freedom during follow-up (P < 0.01), whereas LEV patients showed a trend toward higher myoclonic freedom (0.085).

Conclusions
Levetiracetam showed lower retention rate than VPA, primarily due to poorer seizure control during long-term follow-up. More LEV patients achieved myoclonic seizure freedom than VPA patients. In women younger than 35 years, LEV and VPA had comparable retention rate; therefore, LEV could be a good option for women with JME with prominent myoclonic seizures.
Relaxed selection during a recent human expansion
Authors: Peischl S. , Dupanloup I. , Foucal A. , Jomphe M. , Bruat V. , Grenier J.-C. , Gouy A. , Gbeha E. , Bosshard L. , Hip-Ki E. , Agbessi M. , Hodgkinson A. , Vézina H. , Awadalla P. , Excoffier L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractHumans have colonized the planet through a series of range expansions, which deeply impacted genetic diversity in newly settled areas and potentially increased the frequency of deleterious mutations on expanding wave fronts. To test this prediction, we studied the genomic diversity of French Canadians who colonized Quebec in the 17thcentury. We used historical information and records from ∼4000 ascending genealogies to select individuals whose ancestors lived mostly on the colonizing wave front and individuals whose ancestors remained in the core of the settlement. Comparison of exomic diversity reveals that i) both new and low frequency variants are significantly more deleterious in front than in core individuals, ii) equally deleterious mutations are at higher frequencies in front individuals, and iii) front individuals are two times more likely to be homozygous for rare very deleterious mutations present in Europeans. These differences have emerged in the past 6-9 generations and cannot be explained by differential inbreeding, but are consistent with relaxed selection on the wave front. Modeling the evolution of rare variants allowed us to estimate their associated selection coefficients as well as front and core effective sizes. Even though range expansions had a limited impact on the overall fitness of French Canadians, they could explain the higher prevalence of recessive genetic diseases in recently settled regions. Since we show that modern human populations are experiencing differential strength of purifying selection, similar processes might have happened throughout human history, contributing to a higher mutation load in populations that have undergone spatial expansions.
KAT: A K-mer Analysis Toolkit to quality control NGS datasets and genome assemblies
Authors: Mapleson Daniel , Garcia Accinelli Gonzalo , Kettleborough George , Wright Jonathan , Clavijo Bernardo J. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTMotivationDe novoassembly of whole genome shotgun (WGS) next-generation sequencing (NGS) data beneﬁts from high-quality input with high coverage. However, in practice, determining the quality and quantity of useful reads quickly and in a reference-free manner is not trivial. Gaining a better understanding of the WGS data, and how that data is utilised by assemblers, provides useful insights that can inform the assembly process and result in better assemblies.ResultsWe present the K-mer Analysis Toolkit (KAT): a multi-purpose software toolkit for reference-free quality control (QC) of WGS reads andde novogenome assemblies, primarily via their k-mer frequencies and GC composition. KAT enables users to assess levels of errors, bias and contamination at various stages of the assembly process. In this paper we highlight KAT’s ability to provide valuable insights into assembly composition and quality of genome assemblies through pairwise comparison of k-mers present in both input reads and the assemblies.AvailabilityKAT is available under the GPLv3 license at:https://github.com/TGAC/KAT.Contactbernardo.clavijo@earlham.ac.ukSupplementary InformationSupplementary Information (SI) is available at Bioinformatics online. In addition, the software documentation is available online at:http://kat.readthedocs.io/en/latest/.
An aging-independent replicative lifespan in a symmetrically dividing eukaryote
Authors: Spivey Eric C. , Jones Stephen K. , Rybarski James R. , Saifuddin Fatema A. , Finkelstein Ilya J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe replicative lifespan (RLS) of a cell—defined as the number of generations a cell divides before death—has informed our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of cellular aging. Nearly all RLS studies have been performed on budding yeast and little is known about the mechanisms of aging and longevity in symmetrically dividing eukaryotic cells. Here, we describe a multiplexed fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) lifespan micro-dissector (FYLM); a microfluidic platform for performing automated micro-dissection and high-content single-cell analysis in well-defined culture conditions. Using the FYLM, we directly observe continuous and robust replication of hundreds of individual fission yeast cells for over seventy-five cell divisions. Surprisingly, cells die without any classic hallmarks of cellular aging such as changes in cell morphology, increased doubling time, or reduced sibling health. Genetic perturbations and longevity-enhancing drugs can further extend the replicative lifespan (RLS) via an aging-independent mechanism. We conclude that despite occasional sudden death of individual cells, fission yeast does not age. These results highlight that cellular aging and replicative lifespan can be uncoupled in a eukaryotic cell.
Discursive constructions of women managers in German mass media in the gender quota debate 2011-2013
Authors: Lang Rainhart , Rybnikova Irma 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
This study aims to explore the main discursive images of women managers as reproduced by selected German newspapers at the time of the political debate surrounding gender quota on management boards between 2011 and 2013.

Design/methodology/approach
Drawing on critical discourse analysis according to Wodak (2001), an empirical analysis of media articles on women managers in two German newspapers, Welt and Bild, has been conducted.

Findings
The results of the study show that despite the diversity of images fabricated by the media in reference to women managers, the debate surrounding the issue of establishing a gender quota in management boards is dominated by dualistic categories and reductionist identity ascriptions, like women managers as being “over-feminine” or “over-masculine”, “exclusive” or “outsiders”.

Research limitations/implications
As the empirical focus of the study lays on two right-wing newspapers in Germany, the results do not allow for generalizations regarding the German media landscape.

Social implications
Public dispute surrounding gender quota in German companies tends to reproduce stereotypical discursive figures regarding women managers instead of challenging them. A fundamental change in the media reports on women managers is needed.

Originality/value
The research contributes to the analysis of media representations of women managers, by providing context-sensitive results from the current political debate in Germany. The findings reveal the stability of discursive structures over time, particularly gendered bias in the case of media representations of women managers, notwithstanding political aspirations to change established practices.