bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nível de engagement dos fãs das Termas do Centro de Portugal no Facebook
Authors: Torres Maria Filomena , García José Álvarez , Del Río Rama María de la Cruz , Coutinho Pires dos Santos Barbara 
Published: May 2016

As redes sociais, tais como o Facebook, revolucionaram as estratégias de comunicação das marcas transformando o modo como a sociedade se comunica ao modificar percepções e normas sociais e, portanto, as dinâmicas da comunicação. Neste sentido, tornou-se pertinente analisar a presença das Termas do Centro de Portugal, nas redes socias, uma vez que, as mesmas permitem transmitir informação sobre os seus serviços e produtos. O objetivo deste trabalho é medir, o nível de interação das Termas do Centro de Portugal com o seu público, de forma a comparar e a medir o envolvimento e a interação de cada uma das páginas com seus os utilizadores, e assim, poder auxiliar os gestores na elaboração de estratégias de conteúdos que possibilitem aumentar o grau de envolvimento dos fãs com a marca. A escolha das Termas, que são estabelecimentos onde se presta serviços de saúde, no qual se realiza o aproveitamento das propiedades terapêuticas de uma água minero-medicinal para fins de prevenção a doenças, terapias, etc., baseou-se na importância que o setor de turismo de saúde em Portugal está adquirindo na atualidade, sendo as Termas seu principal representante. A metodologia do trabalho baseou-se em análises quantitativas utilizando a análise das métricas digitais PageMatch e Kaushik junto com uma análise de conteúdo das páginas oficiais das termas no Facebook. O processo de amostragem foi não probabilista intencional e a recolha dos dados se realizou entre os meses de junho a outubro de 2015. Compreendeu-se que a quantidade de informação disponibilizada nas páginas não é a responsável pelo o aumento do nível de Engagement. Verificou-se ainda, que a maioria das páginas de Facebook das Termas do Centro de Portugal, não potencializam essa ferramenta.
O potencial turístico para a observação da avifauna em três áreas verdes na cidade de Campo Grande, MS
Authors: Alibio Oppliger Emilia , Mussi Fontoura Fernanda , Morbeck de Oliveira Ademir Kleber , Barbosa de Toledo Maria Cecília , Soares da Silva Mauro Henrique , Robaldo Guedes Neiva Maria 
Published: May 2016

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o potencial turístico da avifauna encontrada em três áreas verdes da cidade de Campo Grande. As áreas do estudo são abertas ao público, caracterizadas como um parque, uma praça e uma lagoa. O levantamento qualitativo da avifauna totalizou 55hs de observação por meio do método de observação direta por pontos. As espécies foram registradas e se calculou a frequência de ocorrência (FO) de cada espécie por área analisada. Foram registradas 107 espécies que somam 12% das encontradas no bioma Cerrado e a arara-canindé foi a espécie com frequência absoluta de ocorrência nas três áreas. Cada uma das áreas apresentou espécies exclusivas e o parque, o maior número de espécies registradas, destacando-se como um local apropriado para realizar o roteiro de observação de aves. Porém, o potencial turístico dessa avifauna deve ser fortalecido com outras ações como observar se há complementariedade entre oferta e demanda, planejar e construir elementos próprios para as atividades de observação, organizar e apresentar modalidades da prática de observação de aves de acordo com as limitações da oferta e com o grau de envolvimento e especialização dos ‘birdwatchers’. A população local deve ser mobilizada e motivada a conhecer as aves que fazem parte da paisagem; a iniciativa privada pode se utilizar de um produto turístico formatado e criar novos produtos ou necessidades, como artesanato ou guias impressos; e a participação do poder público é imprescindível na promoção do produto ‘roteiro urbano de observação de aves’, como na manutenção de reservas naturais urbanas.
Appreciation of peer reviewers for 2015
Authors: Becker Thorsten W. , Blichert‐Toft Janne , Lee Cin‐Ty , Paytan Adina , Faul Ulrich , Yokoyama Yusuke 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe editorial and scientific publishing process relies on the sustained work of volunteer reviewers, and evaluating the interdisciplinary and broad interest papers published in G‐Cubed can be a particular challenge. As Editors and Associated Editors, we are therefore hugely appreciative of the efforts of our reviewers and would like to thank and acknowledge them in this editorial. G‐Cubed published 252 manuscripts out of 472 submissions in 2015, and for this, we were able to rely on the efforts of 712 dedicated reviewers. Their names are listed below; in italics are those 41 who provided three or more reviews(!). A big thank you from the G‐Cubed team!
Evolution of chorus emissions into plasmaspheric hiss observed by Van Allen Probes
Authors: Zhou Qinghua , Xiao Fuliang , Yang Chang , Liu Si , He Yihua , Wygant J. R. , Baker D. N. , Spence H. E. , Reeves G. D. , Funsten H. O. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe two classes of whistler mode waves (chorus and hiss) play different roles in the dynamics of radiation belt energetic electrons. Chorus can efficiently accelerate energetic electrons, and hiss is responsible for the loss of energetic electrons. Previous studies have proposed that chorus is the source of plasmaspheric hiss, but this still requires an observational confirmation because the previously observed chorus and hiss emissions were not in the same frequency range in the same time. Here we report simultaneous observations form Van Allen Probes that chorus and hiss emissions occurred in the same range ∼300–1500 Hz with the peak wave power density about 10−5 nT2/Hz during a weak storm on 3 July 2014. Chorus emissions propagate in a broad region outside the plasmapause. Meanwhile, hiss emissions are confined inside the plasmasphere, with a higher intensity and a broader area at a lower frequency. A sum of bi‐Maxwellian distribution is used to model the observed anisotropic electron distributions and to evaluate the instability of waves. A three‐dimensional ray tracing simulation shows that a portion of chorus emission outside the plasmasphere can propagate into the plasmasphere and evolve into plasmaspheric hiss. Moreover, hiss waves below 1 kHz are more intense and propagate over a broader area than those above 1 kHz, consistent with the observation. The current results can explain distributions of the observed hiss emission and provide a further support for the mechanism of evolution of chorus into hiss emissions.
An algebraic continuous time parameter estimation for a sum of sinusoidal waveform signals
Authors: Ushirobira Rosane , Perruquetti Wilfrid , Mboup Mamadou 
Published: May 2016

SummaryIn this paper, a novel algebraic method is proposed to estimate amplitudes, frequencies, and phases of a biased and noisy sum of complex exponential sinusoidal signals. The resulting parameter estimates are given by original closed formulas, constructed as integrals acting as time‐varying filters of the noisy measured signal. The proposed algebraic method provides faster and more robust results, compared with usual procedures. Some computer simulations illustrate the efficiency of our method. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystalline Isotactic Polar Polypropylene from the Palladium‐Catalyzed Copolymerization of Propylene and Polar Monomers
Authors: Ota Yusuke , Ito Shingo , Kobayashi Minoru , Kitade Shinichi , Sakata Kazuya , Tayano Takao , Nozaki Kyoko 
Published: May 2016

AbstractModerately isospecific homopolymerization of propylene and the copolymerization of propylene and polar monomers have been achieved with palladium complexes bearing a phosphine‐sulfonate ligand. Optimization of substituents on the phosphorus atom of the ligand revealed that the presence of bulky alkyl groups (e.g. menthyl) is crucial for the generation of high‐molecular‐weight polypropylenes (Mw≈104), and the substituent at the ortho‐position relative to the sulfonate group influences the molecular weight and isotactic regularity of the obtained polypropylenes. Statistical analysis suggested that the introduction of substituents at the ortho‐position relative to the sulfonate group favors enantiomorphic site control over chain end control in the chain propagation step. The triad isotacticity could be increased to mm=0.55–0.59, with formation of crystalline polar polypropylenes, as supported by the presence of melting points and sharp peaks in the corresponding X‐ray diffraction patterns.
An Iridium(I) N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complex Catalyzes Asymmetric Intramolecular Allylic Amination Reactions
Authors: Ye Ke‐Yin , Cheng Qiang , Zhuo Chun‐Xiang , Dai Li‐Xin , You Shu‐Li 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA chiral iridium(I) N‐heterocyclic carbene complex was reported for the first time as the catalyst in the highly enantioselective intramolecular allylic amination reaction. The current method provides facile access to biologically important enantioenriched indolopiperazinones and piperazinones in good yields (74–91 %) and excellent enantioselectivities (92–99 % ee). Preliminary mechanistic investigations reveal that the C−H activation occurs at the position ortho to the N‐aryl group of the ligand.
Synthesis, characterization, catalytic and splinting activity of nano Ag end capped l‐glutathione bridged amphiphilic diblock copolymer
Authors: Jeyapriya Muthuramalingam , Meenarathi Balakrishnan , Anbarasan Ramasamy 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTl‐glutathione, a naturally occurring environmental friendly amino acid, was used as an initiator towards the ring opening polymerization (ROP) of ɛ‐caprolactone (CL) followed by the ROP of tetrahydrofuran (THF). The thiol group of l‐glutathione reduces Ag+ ions and chemically bound to the surface of Ag nanoparticles. The ROP of CL was carried out at 160 °C under nitrogen atmosphere in the presence of stannous octoate(SO) as catalyst whereas the ROP of THF was carried out at 45 °C for 24 h in the presence of phthalic anhydride (PAH) as a comonomer. The synthesized homo, di and nano Ag end capped diblock copolymers were characterized by FTIR, DSC, TGA, FESEM, high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), EDAX, GPC, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fluorescence and CD. Further the application of diblock copolymer was tested for splinting activity. The catalytic reduction of 4‐nitrophenol (NP) in the presence of nano Ag end capped diblock copolymer was carried out with the assistance of sodium borohydride as a reducing agent and the apparent rate constant (kapp) was determined and compared with the literature values. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43804.
Post‐capture survival of whale sharks encircled in tuna purse‐seine nets: tagging and safe release methods
Authors: Escalle Lauriane , Murua Hilario , Amande Justin Monin , Arregui Igor , Chavance Pierre , Delgado de Molina Alicia , Gaertner Daniel , Fraile Igaratza , Filmalter John David , Santiago Josu , Forget Fabien , Arrizabalaga Haritz , Dagorn Laurent , Merigot Bastien 
Published: May 2016

Abstract1. Whale shark, the world's largest fish, is believed to be particularly vulnerable owing to its biological characteristics (slow growth, late maturation, great longevity) and is listed as Vulnerable by IUCN and included in Appendix II of CITES.2. Whale sharks are occasionally encircled in tropical tuna purse‐seine nets, throughout this global fishery. Although apparent immediate survival rates following encirclement and release have recently been assessed through scientific onboard observer programmes, a more rigorous methodology is still required for studying post‐released survival.3. This work provides a method for applying pop‐up satellite tags and reports an enhanced release procedure for whale sharks. The first assessment of survival after release from purse‐seine nets involved six whale sharks tagged between May and September 2014 in the eastern tropical Atlantic Ocean. Five tags transmitted data: three popped up as programmed (after 30 days), while two surfaced prematurely (one after 21 and the other after 71 days (programmed to pop off after 30 and 90 days, respectively)) but showed no sign of unusual behaviour.4. Overall, whale sharks survived at least 21 days (one at least 71 days) after release from purse‐seine nets. These observations based on five large individuals (total length > 8 m), suggest that whale sharks have a good chance of survival when released with the proposed method.5. Additional tagging in this and other oceans, especially of juveniles which may be more sensitive to encirclement and release operations, is essential to further assess whale shark post‐release survival rates in tuna purse‐seine fisheries. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Economic risk analysis and critical comparison of optimal biorefinery concepts
Authors: Cheali Peam , Posada John A. , Gernaey Krist V. , Sin Gürkan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this paper, eight optimal biorefinery concepts for biofuels and biochemicals production are critically analyzed and compared in terms of their techno‐economic performance and associated economic risks against historical market fluctuations. The investigated biorefinery concepts consider different combinations of biomass feedstock (lignocellulosic versus algal) and conversion technologies (biochemical versus thermochemical). In addition, the economic performance of each biorefinery concept is tested assuming a sudden drop in oil prices in order to compare the fitness/survival of each concept under extreme market disturbances. The analyses reveal amongst others that: (i) lignocellulosic bioethanol production is not economically feasible considering a drop in oil prices (a negative internal rate of return); (ii) a multi‐product biorefinery concept, where bioethanol is upgraded to higher value‐added chemicals (diethyl ether and 1,3‐butadiene), provides an improved resilience and robustness against market price fluctuations by reducing economic loss by 140 MM$/a (17% IRR); (iii) the economic analysis favors biochemical conversion technologies for a small production/processing capacity, whereas the thermochemical conversion platform is favored for a relatively larger production capacity; and (iv) the microalgae‐based biorefinery concept performed worse in terms of economics compared to the others, which is largely due to the cost of algae production and harvesting. In general, we recommend that a comprehensive economic risk analysis, using for example the Monte Carlo technique, should be an integral part of the conceptual design, development, and optimization of biorefineries to help improve their economic robustness in view of the competitive market for chemicals and fuels. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Laser shock wave‐induced visible mechanoluminescence from semi‐transparent organic crystals
Authors: Sonwane V.D. , Gour Anubha S. , Jha Piyush 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIndirect focusing of the output from a pulsed infrared Nd3+:YAG laser through a shock‐generating layer onto organic crystals results in the emission of an intense microsecond duration pulse of mechanoluminescence (ML). The ML appears after a threshold laser fluence has been reached and increases sharply above this threshold. This specifies that there is a corresponding amplitude of a laser‐induced shock wave that is necessary to induce crystal fracturing. Thus, the intensity of ML can be controlled by varying the laser fluence. Piezoelectric charges produced on the surfaces of a fractured crystal create the foundation for luminescence. Initially, the ML intensity increases with the shock wave pressure and time due to the creation of more surfaces in the crystal; the ML intensity reaches a peak value and then decreases over time. Thus, laser shock wave‐induced ML provides a new optical technique for the study of materials under high pressure. Expressions explored for the characteristics of laser shock wave‐induced ML satisfactorily explain the experimental results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Consumers who avoid relationships: social anxiety in commercial contexts
Authors: Delacroix Eva , Guillard Valérie 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis article focuses on the study of consumers with social anxiety who avoid relationships in commercial settings. While relationship marketing recommends fostering personal relationships with customers, our research shows that too much closeness can be a problem for people with social anxiety who are apprehensive about interacting with strangers. A qualitative study based on 17 in‐depth interviews with individuals with social anxiety allows us to specify the contexts that give rise to social anxiety—physical closeness between consumer and salesperson, when the interaction is relatively long, in new situations, or in situations designed to be repeated. Our study shows that social anxiety has psychological, economic, and time costs for the consumer. Additionally, the study sets out the relational preferences of people with social anxiety, showing that they prefer neutral, distant or anonymous relationships, that they do not like or benefit from special treatment, nor do they like to be surprised by novelty. The conventional recommendations of relational marketing (e.g., creating a close relationship with customers) are partly called into question by this study, which shows that not all individuals necessarily want such relationships in a commercial context. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Cobalt and Cobalt‐Chromium Alloys in SO2‐O2 Atmosphere at 1073 K.
Authors: PRZYBYLSKI K. , WOJTOWICZ A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractEs wird die Struktur und die Zusammensetzung der unter den Titelbedingungen auf reinem Co und auf Co‐Cr‐Legierungen (0.8‐33% Cr) entstehenden Oberflächenfilme untersucht (IR, SEM, EDAX, EPMA).
ChemInform Abstract: THE INFLUENCE OF REDUCING CONDITIONS ON THE SODIUM SULFATE‐INDUCED CORROSION OF PURE AND ALLOYED βNIAL
Authors: LEMOINE V. , STEINMETZ P. , ROQUES B. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIm Hinblick auf ihre Anwendung als Schutzschicht für der Hitze ausgesetzte Maschinenteile ( ;z.B. in Schiffsturbinen oder Flugzeugmotoren) wird die Korrosion der Phase β‐NiAl (rein oder mit Co‐ und Cr‐Zusätzen) durch Na2SO4 in reduzierenden Atmosphären (p(O2) = 10"′ at) bei 850°C untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: METAL‐PROMOTED FUSION OF B6H9‐. DIRECTED SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF DODECABORANE(16), B12H16
Authors: BREWER C. T. , SWISHER R. G. , SINN E. , GRIMES R. N. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBei der Reaktion von 86H,′ (erhalten durch Deprotonierung von B6H", mit H′ in THF) mit FeC12/FeC13 wird erstmals das neutrale Bn‐Hydrid (III) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF MOLYBDENUM DIIODIDE WITH SULFUR
Authors: DROBOT D. V. , STARKOV V. V. , PISAREV E. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBei der Titelreaktion im Vakuum bildet sich die Verbindung Moszlz, isostrukturell mit ihrem Chlor‐ und Bromanalogon.
ChemInform Abstract: HOST‐GUEST COMPLEXATION. 36. SPHERAND AND LITHIUM AND SODIUM ION COMPLEXATION N RATES AND EQUILIBRIA
Authors: CRAM D. J. , LEIN G. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Komplexbildungsfähigkeit von 1 Wirtsmolekülen, wie in vorstehendem Referat beschrieben, sowie solchen wie (I)‐(III) mit Li‐ und Na‐pikrat wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES WITH CYCLOBUTADIENES. 7. APPROACH TO THE 2‐OXABICYCLO(2.2.0)HEXENE/3‐OXATRICYCLO(3.1.0.02,6)HEXANE SYSTEM BY THERMAL CYCLOADDITION OF CARBONYL COMPOUNDS TO A STABLE CYCLOBUTADIENE
Authors: FINK J. , REGITZ M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWährend sich die Säurechloride (II) an das Cyclobutadien (I) unter Bildung der Cyclobutene (III) addieren, beobachtet man mit den Aldehyden (V) bzw. den aktivierten Ketonen (VI) die Entstehung der Oxabicyclen (IV) bzw. der Oxatricyclen (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: DIRECT OBSERVATION AND CHEMISTRY OF BIRADICALS FROM PHOTOCHEMICAL DECARBONYLATION OF α‐PERPHENYLATED CYCLOALKANONES
Authors: BARTON D. H. R. , CHARPIOT B. , INGOLD K. U. , JOHNSTON L. J. , MOTHERWELL W. B. , SCAIANO J. C. , STANFORTH S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBei präparativer Photolyse der Tetraphenylketone (I) bzw. (V) entstehen über die (blitzphotolytisch nachgewiesenen) Biradikale (II) bzw. (VI) die Produkte (III) und (IV) bzw. (VII) und (VIII); angegeben sind die isolierten Ausbeuten.
ChemInform Abstract: CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS OF VINYLCYCLOPROPANES BY INTERMOLECULAR TRAPPING OF THERMALLY GENERATED PERCHLOROVINYLCARBENE
Authors: WEBER W. , DE MEIJERE A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDas Cyclopropen (I) erfährt oberhalb 150°C Ringspaltung unter Bildung von Perchlorvinylcarben (II), welches sich intermolekular an Olefine addiert.
ChemInform Abstract: THE FLUORIDE ION EFFECT IN THE REACTIONS OF SINGLET OXYGEN WITH ENOLS
Authors: WASSERMAN H. H. , PICKETT J. E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Enole von Diketonen weisen eine geringe Reaktivität gegenüber SinguIett‐Sauerstoff auf; wird die Umsetzung jedoch in Gegenwart von Fluoridionen durchgeführt, erhält man aus den β‐Diketonen (I), (V), (VIII), (X), (XII) und (XIV) z.T. mit guten Ausb. die im Formelschema aufgeführten Produkte [(XIb) und (Xlc) werden nach Reaktion mit o‐Phenylendiamin als Chinoxalin‐Derivate isoliert].
ChemInform Abstract: DYE‐SENSITIZED PHOTO‐OXYGENATION OF 1,2‐CYCLOHEXANEDIONES
Authors: UTAKA M. , NAKATANI M. , TAKEDA A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Photooxida‐ tion der Titelverbindungen (I) unter unterschiedlichen Reaktionsbedingungen wird beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND STABILITY OF α,β‐UNSATURATED SULFINES
Authors: RAO V. P. , RAMAMURTHY V. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie cyclischen als‐ungesättigten Thioketone wie z.B. (I) werden durch m‐Chlorperbenzoesäure zu einem E/Z‐ Isomerengemisch der Sulfine (II) oxidiert.
ChemInform Abstract: Notiz zur Herstellung von Chloromethylmethylether aus Methoxyessigsäure.
Authors: STADLWIESER J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Umsetzung von Methoxyessigsäure (I) mit Thionylchlorid führt zum Säurechlorid (II), das beim Erwärmen mit Aluminiumchlorid zum Chlordimethylether (III) decarbonyliert.
ChemInform Abstract: A ONE‐STEP TRANSFORMATION OF AROMATIC ALDEHYDES TO NITRILES, USING S,S‐DIMETHYLSULFURDIIMIDE AS IMINATING AGENT. ISOLATION OF DITHIATETRAZOCINES AS REACTION INTERMEDIATES
Authors: GEORG G. I. , PFEIFER S. A. , HAAKE M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMit S,S‐Dimethylschwefeldiimid (I) werden die aromatischen Aldehyde (II) in sehr guten Ausbeuten in die Nitrile (III) übergefuhrt.
ChemInform Abstract: A CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS OF ALKYL ARYLCYANOACETATES BY PALLADIUM‐CATALYZED AROMATIC SUBSTITUTION
Authors: UNO M. , SETO K. , UEDA W. , MASUDA M. , TAKAHASHI S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Aryliodide (I) lassen sich mit den Cyanessigsäureestern (II) unter Palladium‐Katalyse in die α‐Cyanarylessigsäureester (III) umwandeln.
ChemInform Abstract: DIAZO REACTIONS WITH UNSATURATED COMPOUNDS. III. ANIONOARYLSULFONYLATION OF SOME DIENE HYDROCARBONS
Authors: NAIDAN V. M. , NAIDAN G. D. , DROZDOVA S. G. , MUSIENKO V. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDiene (I) reagieren mit Diazoniumsalzen (All) und Schwefeldioxid in Gegenwart von Kupfersalzen unter 1,4‐Addition zu den Sulfonen b8 (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Some New α‐Monosulfenylated Benzyl Phenyl Sulfones. Versatile Intermediates for the Synthesis of p‐Substituted Benzaldehydes.
Authors: WLADISLAW B. , MARZORATI L. , UCHOA R. B. , VIERTLER H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Umsetzung der Benzyl‐phenylsulfone (I) mit Dimethyldisulfid und Natriumhydrid führt zu den α‐sulfenylierten Sulfonen (II), die durch saure Hydrolyse oder anodische Oxidation in die Benzaldehyde (III) umgewandelt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: ADDITION REACTIONS OF HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS. PART 81. PRODUCTS FROM DIMETHYL L ACETYLENEDICARBOXYLATE WITH SOME CYCLOALKYL(B)PYRIDINES
Authors: ABBOTT P. J. , ACHESON R. M. , CHOI M. C. K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Cycloalkylpyridine (I) reagieren mit dem Diester (II) unter Bildung von Heterocyclen vom Typ (III)‐(VI).