bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract ES5-1: Breast cancer risk assessments: Who is high risk?
Authors: Nangia J 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
What is my risk for breast cancer? This is a common question physicians are asked, and with the changing guidelines for breast cancer screening it is very important to have a good understanding of what a woman's risk for breast cancer is. Breast cancer risk assessments can be done based on family history, risk factors and personal history of prior breast biopsies. During this educational session we will review different models used to determine breast cancer risk as well as other factors that can increase or reduce breast cancer risk.
Citation Format: Nangia J. Breast cancer risk assessments: Who is high risk? [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr ES5-1.
Abstract ES5-2: ES5-2 Non-endocrine strategies: Beyond the estrogen receptor
Authors: Brown P 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Powel Brown, Parijatham Thomas, Abhijit Mazumdar, Diane Weber, Robin Coyne, Lana Vornik, Terry Bevers, and Abenaa Brewster
Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX.
Breast cancer prevention has been demonstrated to be possible using anti-estrogen drugs. However, these drugs only prevent the development of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers, and are often not acceptable to women. Therefore, there has been a major effort to develop more acceptable breast cancer preventive strategies. In this presentation I will review the current approaches to breast cancer prevention, with a focus on risk-based preventive interventions, including behavioral measures to reduce breast cancer risk in average risk individuals, and drug-based interventions in high risk individuals. While anti-estrogen hormonal therapies are still the most effective preventive therapy other than prophylactic breast surgery, other strategies are being tested that offer great promise. Interventions that have been shown to be effective in preclinical studies include novel molecularly targeted drugs (such as PARP inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors, and RXR-selective retinoids), re-purposed drugs (such as metformin and statin drugs), and vaccines. In addition, novel schedules and formulations are being tested to avoid the toxicity of traditionally used drugs such as tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors. High-risk individuals who may particularly benefit from preventive therapy include women with premalignant lesions (atypical hyperplasia and lobular carcinoma-in-situ lesions), ductal carcinoma-in-situ breast cancers, or a genetic predisposition to breast cancer. With continued advances in molecularly targeted drug development and improved personalized risk assessment, effective, safe, and acceptable breast cancer preventive strategies will soon be available.
Citation Format: Brown P. ES5-2 Non-endocrine strategies: Beyond the estrogen receptor [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr ES5-2.
Abstract ES7-2: ES7-2 Mechanisms of resistant to therapy in ER positive cancer
Authors: Turner NC 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Recent years have seen substantial advances in our understanding of ER positive/ HER2 negative breast cancer, both in the genetics of this subtype of breast cancer and the biological processes the drive tumor growth and resistance to therapy. Diverse targetable mutations have been identified in studies of primary breast cancer, along with acquired mutations in the estrogen receptor (ESR1) found in 30% of advanced breast cancers that progress on aromatase inhibitors. The therapeutic significance of this genetic diversity is being explored in ongoing studies. Therapies that target mTOR and CDK4/6 have entered routine clinical practice, demonstrating substantial improvements in progression free survival for patients with advanced cancer. The ongoing challenge is to identify biomarkers of sensitivity, to assist in selecting patients who benefit, and identify mechanisms of resistance to therapy to identify the optimal schedule of therapies and identify novel therapeutic approaches for resistant disease.
Citation Format: Turner NC. ES7-2 Mechanisms of resistant to therapy in ER positive cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr ES7-2.
Abstract OT1-02-01: Phase II neoadjuvant trial of nanoparticle almumin-bound paclitaxel and trastuzumab in patients with node-negative, Her-2 positive breast cancer (OMC-BC04)
Authors: Iwamoto M , Tanaka S , Koda C , Kawaguchi K , Terasawa R , Sato N , Fujioka H , Kimura K , Uchiyama K 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus trastuzumab results in a 30% to 50% pathologic complete response (pCR) rate in HER-2 positive breast cancer and has been associated with improved therapeutic outcomes. Thus, the pCR rate can be useful in evaluating novel agents in this patient population. Albumin-bound (nab)-paclitaxel can reduce the toxicity of Paclitaxel while maintaining its efficacy. We reported that neoadjuvant therapy using Anthracycline based regimens (EC,AC,FEC) followed by a combination with nab-Paclitaxel and Trastuzumab was effective and safe by OMC-BC01 Study (Tanaka et al. Clin Breast Cancer 15:191-196). The pCR rate was 36% and 71% in the patients with estrogen receptor-positive and negative cancer, respectively. In addition, Tolaney et al. showed that adjuvant Paclitaxel and Trastuzumab for node-negative, HER-2 positive tumors measuring up to 3 cm in greatest dimension was associated with patients outcomes that were better than expected on the basis of historical data (Tolaney et al. N Engl J MED.2015 Jan 8:372(2):134-141). We conducted a clinical Phase II, multicenter, neoadjuvant trial of combination with nanoparticle albumin-bound Paclitaxel and Trastuzumab in patients with node-negative, Her-2 positive, estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer measuring up to 3 cm in greatest dimension.
Patients and Methods: nab-Paclitaxel and Trastuzumab as neoadjuvant therapy in patients with Her-2 positive, node-negative, estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer measuring up to 3 cm in greatest dimension. Patients are treated with neoadjuvant nab-Paclitaxel (260mg/m2) and Trastuzumab q21d x 4, and undergo surgery 4-6 weeks later from completing chemotherapy. The primary endpoint, pCR is defined as no evidence of invasive tumors in the final surgical sample both in the breast and axillary lymph nodes. Secondary endpoints include objective clinical response rate, histological response rate, disease-free interval, rate of breast conserving surgery, and the safety of the treatment.
Accrual: Presently, a total number of 1 patient have been included since start of the study. The expected end of accrual of 30 patients will be the last quarter 2018.
Citation Format: Iwamoto M, Tanaka S, Koda C, Kawaguchi K, Terasawa R, Sato N, Fujioka H, Kimura K, Uchiyama K. Phase II neoadjuvant trial of nanoparticle almumin-bound paclitaxel and trastuzumab in patients with node-negative, Her-2 positive breast cancer (OMC-BC04) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr OT1-02-01.
Abstract OT3-03-02: Maximising recruitment and retention of patients into UK-ANZ POSNOC trial
Authors: Goyal A , Coleman RE , Dodwell D , Fallowfield L , Jenkins VA , Mann B , Reed MW ,   POSNOC Trial Management Group
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The success of a clinical trial is often dependant on whether recruitment targets can be met in the required time frame. Surgeons want to gather robust evidence but may experience considerable discomfort in relation to their clinical instincts and concerns about patient eligibility and safety. The ongoing POSNOC study design is pragmatic to maximise recruitment. A patient information DVD is used as an adjunct to patient information leaflet. The protocol allows for either axillary radiotherapy or axillary node clearance. Here we report recruitment and retention of participants into POSNOC, the associated barriers and challenges, and various strategies employed to overcome these barriers.
A total of 368 participants were recruited till May 2016. A total of 90%(331) of participants were recruited via non intra-operative pathway, and 10%(37) from intra-operative pathway. The most common known reasons for non-participation of eligible women were - woman wanting axillary treatment and clinician/MDT deciding woman needs axillary treatment. The mean randomisation yield from screening was 30% (range 6 to 100%). The highest recruiting sites were Derby, Manchester, Oxford, Belfast and Bristol.
The screening logs identified barriers as: fewer than estimated eligible women, clinicians not offering trial to all eligible patients and patient acceptability.
To reach recruitment targets in a timely fashion, a multifaceted approach is being employed. a) Protocol amendments to widen the inclusion criteria, b) 250 patients to be recruited by Australia and New Zealand sites, c) additional 50 sites to be opened in the UK, d) encourage OSNA centres to follow the non intra-operative pathway, e) communication workshops, f) POSNOC poster in breast units to raise awareness, g) questionnaire survey - sites to identify local issues and their perceptions about recruitment, h) social media - POSNOC WhatsApp group i) newsletters and briefings, j) competitions, k) tips to maximise recruitment document that includes a template script of one way to introduce the study l) regional telephone conferences for research nurses, m) investigator meeting.
The success of these strategies remains to be assessed and shall be reported separately.
Citation Format: Goyal A, Coleman RE, Dodwell D, Fallowfield L, Jenkins VA, Mann B, Reed MW, POSNOC Trial Management Group. Maximising recruitment and retention of patients into UK-ANZ POSNOC trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr OT3-03-02.
Abstract P1-01-14: Nuclease-activated oligonucleotide probes for detection of breast cancer circulating tumor cells (CTCs): Early clinical results
Authors: Giangrande PH , Kruspe S , Dickey DD , Kamboj S , Clark KC , Urak K , Burghardt E , Smith B , Thomas A , McNamara JO 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Introduction:
A challenge for CTC-based diagnostic tests has been the development of methods with sufficient sensitivity to detect low levels of CTCs. Expense, accuracy and complexity have also limited clinical uptake of CTCs. To overcome these limitations we explored detecting CTCs by measuring their nuclease activity with nuclease-activated probes. We present the development of a rapid and highly-sensitive CTC detection assay based on probes that are selectively digested (activated) by target nucleases expressed in breast cancer cells.
Methods:
Nuclease activity in samples from women with Stage IV breast cancer and healthy donors was determined and correlated with clinical data. Patients seen at University of Iowa Clincis were eligible for this IRB-approved study. Blood samples were processed using microfilter (ScreenCell) units for CTC enrichment and converted into cell lysates that were examined by means of three different chemically-optimized oligonucleotide probes. CTC-derived nuclease activity was quantified using a fluorometer. The presence of CTCs was confirmed using established CTC detection methods (e.g. RT-PCR, immunohistostaining).
Results:
Sensitivity of the probe assay was 5 cancer cells in buffer solution and ~200 cancer cells in 1 mL of healthy donor blood. The final study cohort included 28 breast cancer patients and 10 healthy donors. The averaged signal intensities from patient samples were significantly higher compared to the healthy donor control group, presumably arising from CTCs in the blood. Statistical analysis further reveald short incubations in the assay (&lt;20 min) to be optimal. From an ROC analysis we obtained AUC values of 0.8821, 0.8103 and 0.9356 for the three different probes. The oligonucleotide probe being the best predictor of disease yielded 100% sensitivity in the patient samples with a specificity of 70%. The dsDNA 20 minute probe was correlated negatively with tumors being ER+/PR+ (p=0.03). The 2'f-RNA 0 minute probe correlated significantly with HER2- tumors (p=0.04). In this smaller series other trends were also suggested.
Conclusion:
We describe a novel diagnostic for the detection of CTCs that could overcome limitations of CTC detection assays and could provide a robust diagnostic tool for breast cancer. Future clinical assays derived from this technology could require minimal training and infrastructure and might be developed into a point-of-care testing format.
Citation Format: Giangrande PH, Kruspe S, Dickey DD, Kamboj S, Clark KC, Urak K, Burghardt E, Smith B, Thomas A, McNamara JO. Nuclease-activated oligonucleotide probes for detection of breast cancer circulating tumor cells (CTCs): Early clinical results [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-01-14.
Abstract P1-01-17: Establishment and preliminary clinical application of breast cancer CTC detection kit based on immune magnetic lipid microsphere/human breast mammaglobin
Authors: Yang B , Wu J , Liang X , Mei S , Zhou B 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Objective
To explore the effect of breast cancer CTC detection kit based on immune magnetic lipid microsphere (IML) separation and human breast mammaglobin (hMAN) identification, we combined epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) IML enrichment and immune fluorescence staining of CK/hMAN (IML/hM-BCD) method.
Methods
74 patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) were selected to validate the performance of our integrated CTC capture platform by carrying out side-by-side comparisons with the Cellsearch assay using the same sample. In each study, 15 mL blood was divided equally to identify CTC numbers by employing either Cellsearch and our platform.
Results
In MBC patients, the rates of diagnostic positive detection of Cellsearch and IML/hM-BCD method were 50% and 83.4%, respectively. The IML/hM-BCD method presented a greater ability to capture CTCs from MBC patients. A significant difference in the number (1~5) of CTCs captured by IMLM was observed in the images (2-fold more for IMLM vs CellsearchTM, P&lt;0.001). Furthermore, the morphology and footprint sizes of the cells detected by IML/hM-BCD method offer another approach to validating these observations from the perspectives of cell pathology and cytology. The combined information was utilized to delineate CTCs (DAPI+/CK+/CD45-, cell size &gt; 5 µm) from WBCs (DAPI+/CK-/CD45+, cell size &lt; 15 µm) and cellular debris. Our immunomagnetic lipid microsphere captured significantly different CTC numbers that corresponded to the patients' clinical data.
Conclusions
The panel of IML separation and combined CK/hMAN identification may serve as representative enrichment and biomarkers for CTCs, thus it presents potentially significant valve for monitoring early metastasis, therapeutic efficacy and prognosis for the patients with breast cancer.
Citation Format: Yang B, Wu J, Liang X, Mei S, Zhou B. Establishment and preliminary clinical application of breast cancer CTC detection kit based on immune magnetic lipid microsphere/human breast mammaglobin [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-01-17.
Abstract P1-04-05: RNA immunoprecipitation reveals lncRNA-protein interactions in basal-like breast cancer
Authors: Northwood K , Saunus J , Milevskiy M , Lakhani S , Brown M 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Interactions between long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and proteins contribute to the epigenetic regulation of gene expression, and defects in such interactions have been implicated in several diseases, including cancer. Basal-like breast cancer accounts for approximately 15% of all breast cancer and is a major clinical problem given its poor survival and lack of responsiveness to targeted breast cancer treatments. DNA methylation is non-random and is much more pronounced in basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) compared to other molecular subtypes of breast cancer, raising the possibility that hypermethylation could be important in the genesis of BLBCs. LncRNAs are aberrantly expressed in multiple subtypes of breast cancer, including BLBC, and are considered to have significant prognostic potential. In order to explore the potential roles of DNA methylation and lncRNAs in BLBC, we investigated lncRNA-protein interactions using bioinformatics and molecular techniques, focusing on proteins that actively perform DNA methylation - the DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) family. Our novel bioinformatic methods revealed that BLBC may be sub-classified according to methylation profile in a way that could predict disease survival. We then identified candidate lncRNAs that are over-expressed in BLBC and statistically predicted to interact with DNMT proteins. Using RNA immunoprecipitation of BLBC cell lines, we have identified potential lncRNA-protein interactions that may be involved in epigenetic remodelling in BLBC. The role of these lncRNAs in epigenetic gene regulation and BLBC is currently being explored.
Citation Format: Northwood K, Saunus J, Milevskiy M, Lakhani S, Brown M. RNA immunoprecipitation reveals lncRNA-protein interactions in basal-like breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-04-05.
Abstract P1-05-21: A comparison of oncotype DX recurrence scores in a screen detected vs a symptomatic cohort of patients with breast cancer: A UK experience
Authors: Khawaja S , Parab A , Thomas D , Huws A , Munir A , Udayasankar S , Sharaiha Y , Holt S 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Background:
In the Western World, it has been stated that breast cancers detected on a screening program are indolent. There have been many recent publications stating that breast screening is overdiagnosing and therefore overtreating patients with breast cancer. With the advent of genomic testing, it can now be determined which patients have an aggressive tumor requiring systemic chemotherapy. We therefore conducted a retrospective study in the UK on patients having oncotype DX testing in both screen detected and symptomatic cancers.
Materials and Methods:
Patients in our institution undergoing oncotype DX testing for invasive breast cancer which was ER positive and node negative were part of this study. The detection of the breast cancer was documented as either a screening case or a symptomatic one. The recurrence scores of the oncotype DX testing was then compared in the screening versus the symptomatic cohort.
Results:
155 patients were included in this study. They underwent Oncotype DX testing between 2008 to 2016. The age of the patients ranged from between 31 years to 78 years. Eighty-nine patients were reported to have a low recurrence score; 45 had an intermediate score; and 21 had a high result. Fifty eight patients were screen detected, while 97 patients were symptomatic presentations. In the screening population, 32 patients had a low recurrence score; 22 had an intermediate result and 4 had a high recurrence score resulting in the latter groups being considered for chemotherapy. In the symptomatic cohort, 57 had a low recurrence score; 23 had an intermediate result; and 17 had a high score.
Conclusion:
The results of our study depict that even patients in a screeining cohort will have a high number of intermediate recurrence scores and some with a high recurrence score. This shows that the hypothesis that screening detects a majority of breast cancers which are indolent not requiring further systemic treatment should be looked at again in light of our results with genomic testing.
Citation Format: Khawaja S, Parab A, Thomas D, Huws A, Munir A, Udayasankar S, Sharaiha Y, Holt S. A comparison of oncotype DX recurrence scores in a screen detected vs a symptomatic cohort of patients with breast cancer: A UK experience [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-05-21.
Abstract P1-05-30: Genomic and microenvironmental intra-tumor heterogeneity in DCIS
Authors: Fortunato A , King L , Mallo D , Kovacheva V , Yuan Y , Boddy A , Graham T , Aktipis A , Mardis ER , Hall A , Marks JR , Hwang S , Maley CC 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Intra-tumor heterogeneity drives neoplastic progression by supplying the fuel for natural selection among neoplastic cells. It also complicates screening and treatment of neoplasms. We hypothesize that the degree of intra-tumor heterogeneity in DCIS should predict which tumors are likely to become invasive and metastatic. We initiated a pilot project to test this hypothesis by comparing 9 cases of pure DCIS to 9 cases of DCIS with adjacent invasive disease. For each case, we sequenced the exome from two spatially distinct regions of DCIS as well as normal tissue taken from a lymph node with no tumor involvement. This required the development of new methods to extract high quality sequencing data from small amounts of DNA extracted from FFPE samples. We calculated the genetic divergence between the two tumor regions, defined as percent of the sequenced regions of the genome showing differences between the two samples that had sufficient sequencing coverage and quality scores for confident scoring. We also employed automated imaging analysis to score microenvironmental differences between the two tumor regions. These microenvironmental measures are based on ecological methods for measuring organismal interactions and habitats. We will present initial data on differences in phenotypic and genotypic intra-tumor heterogeneity comparing pure DCIS to DCIS associated with invasive breast cancer. Our methods can be readily translated to large tissue banks of FFPE samples from DCIS.
Citation Format: Fortunato A, King L, Mallo D, Kovacheva V, Yuan Y, Boddy A, Graham T, Aktipis A, Mardis ER, Hall A, Marks JR, Hwang S, Maley CC. Genomic and microenvironmental intra-tumor heterogeneity in DCIS [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-05-30.