bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and control of food job-shop processing systems
Authors: Penazzi Stefano , Accorsi Riccardo , Ferrari Emilio , Manzini Riccardo , Dunstall Simon 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
The food processing industry is growing with retail and catering supply chains. With the rising complexity of food products and the need to address food customization expectations, food processing systems are progressively shifting from production line to job-shops that are characterized by high flexibility and high complexity. A food job-shop system processes multiple items (i.e. raw ingredients, toppings, dressings) according to their working cycles in a typical resource and capacity constrained environment. Given the complexity of such systems, there are divergent goals of process cost optimization and of food quality and safety preservation. These goals deserve integration at both an operational and a strategic decisional perspective. The twofold purpose of this paper is to design a simulation model for food job-shop processing and to build understanding of the extant relationships between food flows and processing equipment through a real case study from the catering industry.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors designed a simulation tool enabling the analysis of food job-shop processing systems. A methodology based on discrete event simulation is developed to study the dynamics and behaviour of the processing systems according to an event-driven approach. The proposed conceptual model builds upon a comprehensive set of variables and key performance indicators (KPIs) that describe and measure the dynamics of the food job-shop according to a multi-disciplinary perspective.

Findings
This simulation identifies the job-shop bottlenecks and investigates the utilization of the working centres and product queuing through the system. This approach helps to characterize how costs are allocated in a flow-driven approach and identifies the trade-off between investments in equipment and operative costs.

Originality/value
The primary purpose of the proposed model relies on the definition of standard resources and operating patterns that can meet the behaviour of a wide variety of food processing equipment and tasks, thereby addressing the complexity of a food job-shop. The proposed methodology enables the integration of strategic and operative decisions between several company departments. The KPIs enable identification of the benchmark system, tracking the system performance via multi-scenario what-if simulations, and suggesting improvements through short-term (e.g. tasks scheduling, dispatching rules), mid-term (e.g. recipes review), or long-term (e.g. re-layout, working centres number) levers.
The enterprising communities and startup ecosystem in Iran
Authors: Salamzadeh Aidin , Kawamorita Kesim Hiroko 
Published: June 2017

PurposeStartups play a significant role in improving societies. This paper concentrates on the concept of “startups” and attempts to present a more comprehensive view of this phenomenon. Also, the focus of this paper is on investigating enterprising communities and the startup ecosystem in Iran.Design/methodology/approachThe existing literature is carefully reviewed, definition and views are explored and the story of this phenomenon is told from the formation to the exit stage. The author elaborates the existing stages and challenges of startups in Iran. To do so, 65 tech startup founders are interviewed. Semi-structured interviews (SI) were based on previous studies mentioning the lifecycle of the startups, and were fully recorded. Moreover, secondary sources of data (SS) were used to support the findings.FindingsThe paper classifies the extant theories of startups in two levels, i.e. macro level, and micro and meso levels. Also, it defines some steps for the formation of startups and studies the Iranian startup ecosystem. Last but not the least the paper contributes to the startup ecosystem of Iran which is changing disruptively, especially in the last couple of years.Research limitations/implicationsFindings of this research shed light on the existing ecosystem of startups in Iran, which is rarely studied in previous research. Lack of enough evidence in the existing literature of startup ecosystem in Iran was the most significant limitation of the research which increased the need for more investigation and elaboration.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to understanding the startup ecosystem in Iran, and the challenges.
Vertical integration in the real estate sector: three Swedish case studies
Authors: Lind Hans 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explain why some real estate companies choose to have a vertically integrated structure, instead of specializing in only stage of the production chain.

Design/methodology/approach
The first stage of the research was an extensive literature review to generate hypotheses. A case study method was then chosen, as more detailed knowledge about the companies were judged to be needed to evaluate the different hypothesis. Documents about the companies were studied and interviews carried out.

Findings
In the studies cases, there is no support for theories related to vertical integration as a way to monopolize a market and only marginal support for theories that focus on contracting problems related to the so called hold up problem. The most important factors for the companies were that vertical integration gives information and more options that are important in small number bargaining situations. The companies bargaining power increases when they are better informed about, e.g. costs and profits in nearby activities, and when they can use in-house units, if there are problems to find reasonable conditions on the outside market.

Research limitations/implications
The main limitation is that only three cases were studied.

Practical/implications
The study can be helpful both to companies that choose to integrate vertically and those that chose not to. There are similar problems related to information and bargaining power that needs to be handled.

Originality/value
This is the first study that test theories about vertical integration in the real estate sector.
Formal women-only networks: literature review and propositions
Authors: Villesèche Florence , Josserand Emmanuel 
Published: June 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review the emerging literature on formal women-only business networks and outline propositions to develop this under-theorised area of knowledge and stimulate future research.Design/methodology/approachThe authors review the existing literature on formal internal and external women-only networks and use the broader social capital and network literature to frame their arguments and develop propositions.FindingsPropositions are developed regarding how both internal and external formal women-only business networks can be of value for members, firms/organisations and the wider social group of women in business.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors focus on the distinction between external and internal formal women-only networks while also acknowledging the broader diversity that can characterise such networks. Their review provides the reader with an insight into the state of the art and a set of propositions that present opportunities for future research.Practical implicationsThe paper provides insights into how women in business, organisations and wider society can leverage value from both internal and external formal women-only business networks.Social implicationsThe paper contributes to research showing that the social structure of interactions and context can impact women’s standing in the workplace.Originality/valueThe paper sheds light on the under-studied and under-theorised phenomenon of formal women-only business networks. Beyond the individual member level, the authors suggest that such networks can be of value for organisations and the wider social group of women in management and leadership positions.
Effects of between‐site variation in soil microbial communities and plant‐soil feedbacks on the productivity and composition of plant communities
Authors: Bauer Jonathan T. , Blumenthal Noah , Miller Anna J. , Ferguson Julia K. , Reynolds Heather L. 
Published: June 2017

Summary

A critical challenge in the science and practice of restoration ecology is to understand the drivers of variation in restoration outcomes. Soil microbial communities may have a role in explaining this variation due to both site‐to‐site variation in the composition of soil microbial communities and due to variation that can arise due to plant‐soil feedbacks. We tested the relative importance of between‐site variation in soil microbial community composition and plant‐soil feedbacks in shaping plant community composition and ecosystem function.

We used a standard two‐phase plant‐soil feedback design. Soil inoculum was collected from four tallgrass prairie sites. Then, soils were conditioned separately with nine plant species, and conditioned soils were used to inoculate prairie community mesocosms. In a separate experiment using soil from an additional site we tested conditioned soil samples for the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and rhizobia.

Site of soil origin and plant‐soil feedbacks both had effects on the composition and productivity of our plant communities, and the magnitudes of these effects were similar. We also found changes in the abundance of AMF and rhizobia due to plant‐soil feedbacks and that AMF abundance were associated with differences in plant community composition.

These results indicate that the composition of soil communities due to site‐to‐site variation and plant‐soil feedbacks are both important determinants of plant community composition and productivity. Our results also suggest that AMF and rhizobia are key microbial functional groups underlying plant‐soil feedback effects.

Synthesis and applications. Site‐to‐site variation in soil communities can explain some variation in restoration of plant communities. Since plant‐soil feedback effects of restored plant species do not overcome this variation, knowledge of soil microbial communities present at a site prior to initiation of restoration efforts may improve predictability of restoration outcomes, and reintroduction of some components of the soil community may be necessary to achieve restoration goals. Additionally, by understanding variation due to plant‐soil feedbacks, restoration practitioners can choose plant species for reintroduction that will create favourable soil conditions, including promoting microbial mutualists. Plant‐soil feedbacks should also make it possible to increase heterogeneity in soil microbial communities, leading to increases in beta diversity in plant communities.
Ultrasound assessment of gastric content in the immediate postpartum period: a prospective observational descriptive study
Authors: Vial F. , Hime N. , Feugeas J. , Thilly N. , Guerci P. , Bouaziz H. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionPulmonary aspiration of gastric contents in pregnant women undergoing general anesthesia or sedation/analgesia in the peripartum period is a feared complication in obstetric anesthesia. We assessed the changes in antral cross‐sectional area (CSA) with ultrasonography in laboring women and in the immediate postpartum period.Patients and methodsIn an observational study in a university‐affiliated maternity, gastric ultrasonography examinations were performed in non‐consecutive laboring women, after epidural analgesia insertion and after childbirth. Assessment of antral CSA, difficulty of performance on a numerical scale, and factors that could influence gastric content were noted. A cut‐off value of 381 mm2 was taken for the diagnosis of empty stomach.ResultsOne hundred women were enrolled in the study. Median antral CSA was 469 mm2 [25th–75th] [324–591] after epidural insertion and 427 mm2 [316–574] after delivery. Antral CSA was ≥ 381 mm2 in 59 of 90 women (65%) after epidural insertion vs. 48 of 100 women (48%) after delivery (P = 0.59). Median variation of antral CSA between two measurements was 36 mm2 [−42 to 114]. Gastric ultrasonography was significantly more difficult to perform during labor than immediately post‐delivery (median difficulty score 5 [2–7] vs. 2 [1–4], P < 0.0001). No risk factors (pain, anxiety, diabetes, smoking) were significantly associated with the occurrence of full stomach post‐delivery.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that 48% of parturients in the immediate postpartum period presented an antral CSA ≥ 381 mm2, cut‐off being accepted for diagnosis of empty stomach and emphasizes the need for re‐assessing before any general anesthetic procedure.
Has the income of the residential area impact on the use of intensive care?
Authors: Liisanantti J. H. , Käkelä R. , Raatiniemi L. V. , Ohtonen P. , Hietanen S. , Ala‐Kokko T. I. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundThe socioeconomic factors have an impact on case mix and outcome in critical illness, but how these factors affect the use of intensive care is not studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions in patients from residential areas with different annual incomes.MethodsSingle‐center, retrospective study in Northern Finland. All the non–trauma‐related emergency admissions from the hospital district area were included. The postal codes were used to categorize the residential areas according to each area's annual median income: the low‐income area, €18,979 to €28,841 per year; the middle‐income area, €28,879 to €33,856 per year; and the high‐income area, €34,221 to €53,864 per year.ResultsA total of 735 non–trauma‐related admissions were included. The unemployment or retirement, psychiatric comorbidities and chronic alcohol abuse were common in this population. The highest incidence, 5.5 (4.6–6.7)/1000/year, was in population aged more than 65 years living in high‐income areas. In working‐aged population, the incidence was lowest in high‐income areas (1.5 (1.3–1.8/1000/year) compared to middle‐income areas (2.2 (1.9–2.6)/1000/year, P = 0.001) and low‐income areas (2.0 (1.7–2.4)/1000/, P = 0.009). Poisonings were more common in low‐income areas. There were no differences in outcome.ConclusionThe incidence of ICU admission in working‐aged population was 25% higher in those areas where the annual median income was below the median annual income of €38,775 per inhabitant per year in Finland.
Accuracy of Computed Tomography Imaging Criteria in the Diagnosis of Adult Open Globe Injuries by Neuroradiology and Ophthalmology
Authors: Crowell Eric L. , Koduri Vivek A. , Supsupin Emilio P. , Klinglesmith Robert E. , Chuang Alice Z. , Kim Gene , Baker Laura A. , Feldman Robert M. , Blieden Lauren S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe objective was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of computed tomography (CT) diagnosis of open globes, determine which imaging factors are most predictive of open globe injuries, and evaluate the agreement between neuroradiologist and ophthalmologist readers for diagnosis of open and closed globes.MethodsThis study was a retrospective cohort study. Patients who presented to Memorial Hermann–Texas Medical Center with suspicion for open globes were reviewed. One neuroradiologist and two ophthalmologists masked to clinical information reviewed CT images for signs concerning for open globe including change in globe contour, anterior chamber deformation, intraocular air, vitreous hemorrhage, subretinal fluid indicating retinal or choroidal detachment, dislocated or absent lens, intraocular foreign body, and orbital fracture. Using the clinically or surgically confirmed globe status as the true globe status, sensitivity, specificity, and agreement (kappa) were calculated and used to investigate which imaging factors are most predictive of open globe injuries.ResultsA total of 114 patients were included: 35 patients with open globes and 79 patients with closed globes. Specificity was greater than 97% for each reader, and sensitivity ranged from 51% to 77% among readers. The imaging characteristics most consistently used to predict an open globe injury were change in globe contour and vitreous hemorrhage (sensitivity = 43% to 57%, specificity > 98%). The agreement of impression of open globe between the neuroradiologist and ophthalmologists was good and excellent between ophthalmologists.ConclusionsComputed tomography imaging is not absolute, and the sensitivity is still inadequate to be fully relied upon. The CT imaging findings most predictive of an open globe injury were change in globe contour and vitreous hemorrhage. Clinical examination or surgical exploration remains the most important component in evaluating for a suspected open globe, with CT imaging as an adjunct.
Geographical Distance and Environmental Information Disclosure: The Perspective of Public Pressure Transmission Efficiency
Authors: Yao Sheng , Yang Jie 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis paper examines how geographical distance influences managers’ behavior around environmental disclosure from the perspective of public pressure transmission efficiency and how the internal and external factors curb the effect of geographical distance. We study Chinese manufacturing firms over a 6‐year period (2009–2014) following the release of The Measures for Disclosure of Environmental Information (Trial). Research results show that (i) geographical distance can significantly weaken the transmission efficiency of public pressure and (ii) internal and external supervision factors can curb the negative effect of geographical distance on the transmission efficiency of public pressure.
Trypanosomiasis in an Australian little red flying fox (Pteropus scapulatus)
Authors: Mackie JT , Stenner R , Gillett AK , Barbosa A , Ryan U , Irwin PJ 
Published: June 2017

Case reportAn adult female Australian little red flying fox (Pteropus scapulatus) presented with icterus and anaemia. Examination of a blood smear revealed numerous trypanosomes 20.4–30.8 µm long with tapered ends. Necropsy and histological findings were consistent with trypanosome infection of lymphoid tissue and intravascular haemolysis. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated this trypanosome species to be genetically distinct and most similar to Trypanosoma minasense and Trypanosoma rangeli (with a genetic distance of 1% at the 18S rRNA locus for both).ConclusionTo the authors’ knowledge this is the first report of a trypanosome infection associated with clinical disease in bats.
Guided bone regeneration at zirconia and titanium dental implants: a pilot histological investigation
Authors: Benic Goran I. , Thoma Daniel S. , Sanz‐Martin Ignacio , Munoz Fernando , Hämmerle Christoph H.F. , Cantalapiedra Antonio , Fischer Jens , Jung Ronald E. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimTo test whether guided bone regeneration (GBR) of peri‐implant defects at zirconia (ZrO2) implants differs from GBR at titanium (Ti) implants regarding the bone integration of the implant and of the grafting material.Materials and methodsMaxillary premolars and molars were extracted in seven dogs. After 5 months, four semi‐saddle bone defects were created in each maxilla. Implant placement and simultaneous GBR were performed using the following randomly assigned modalities: (1) ZrO2 implant + deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) granules + a collagen membrane (CM), (2) ZrO2 implant + DBBM with 10% collagen matrix + CM, (3) ZrO2 implant + DBBM block + CM, and (4) Ti implant + DBBM granules + CM. After 3 months, one central histological section of each site was prepared. Histomorphometrical assessments were performed evaluating the augmented area (AA) within the former bone defect (primary outcome), the area of new bone (NB), bone substitute (BS), and non‐mineralized tissue (NMT) within AA in mm2. In addition, the distance between the most coronal bone‐to‐implant contact and the margin of the former bone defect (fBIC‐DEF), and the bone‐to‐implant contact fraction (BIC) were measured in mm.ResultsAA measured 8.6 ± 4.0 mm2 for ZrO2 implant + DBBM granules, 4.7 ± 1.6 mm2 for ZrO2 implant + DBBM‐collagen, 5.1 ± 1.9 mm2 for ZrO2 implant + DBBM block, and 7.6 ± 2.8 mm2 for Ti implant + DBBM granules. There were no statistically significant differences between the treatment modalities (P > 0.05). NB reached 2.0 ± 1.7 mm2 for ZrO2 implant + DBBM granules, 0.9 ± 0.9 mm2 for ZrO2 implant + DBBM‐collagen, 2.1 ± 0.9 mm2 for ZrO2 implant + DBBM block, and 0.8 ± 0.6 mm2 for Ti implant + DBBM granules. fBIC‐DEF amounted to 2.1 ± 1.7 mm2 for ZrO2 implant + DBBM granules, to 2.7 ± 1.1 mm2 for ZrO2 implant + DBBM‐collagen, to 2.9 ± 1.2 mm2 for ZrO2 implant + DBBM block, and to 3.4 ± 0.4 mm2 for Ti implant + DBBM granules. BIC measured 70 ± 19% for ZrO2 implant + DBBM granules, 69 ± 22% for ZrO2 implant + DBBM‐collagen, 77 ± 30% for ZrO2 implant + DBBM block, and 66 ± 27% for Ti implant + DBBM granules.ConclusionsThe findings of the present pilot study suggest that zirconia and titanium implants grafted with DBBM granules and covered with a collagen membrane do not perform differently regarding the augmented ridge contour, the NB formation, and the implant osseointegration.
Interactive effects of land use, temperature, and predators determine native and invasive mosquito distributions
Authors: Hunt Sophia K. , Galatowitsch Mark L. , McIntosh Angus R. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Land‐use and climate change could alter the distribution of both native and exotic mosquitoes by changing abiotic and biotic characteristics of freshwater habitats. We initially studied the influence of land use on standing water habitats, and the subsequent effects on native and exotic mosquito and mosquito‐predator presence.

Associated with abiotic habitat characteristics, mosquito‐predator richness was highest in aquatic habitats of natural land uses (forest and grassland), and lowest in human‐modified land uses (pastoral and urban), and the opposite relationship was true for mosquito presence.

Based on the outcome of the field survey we investigated the potential effects of climate‐induced habitat warming and drying on interactions between invasive Aedes notoscriptus and native Culex pervigilans mosquitoes and native invertebrate predators affected by the land‐use gradient.

Predator presence, which is directly affected by both climate and land‐use change, influenced both mosquito survivorship and behaviour. We found predation rates increased with temperature, but the magnitude of changes depended on both predator and prey identity. In general, higher temperatures increased mosquito pupation rates, but also made mosquitoes more susceptible to predation. Although invasive A. notoscriptus were more susceptible to predation, increased temperature resulted in shorter life cycles, thereby reducing the net effect of increased predation caused by higher temperatures.

Overall, our results suggest interactions between temperature, land use and predator identity will be important in determining mosquito distributions, and will likely differ between mosquito species. Such interactions and species‐specific responses will be particularly important if environmental changes facilitate range expansion of invasive mosquito species that are vectors for disease.