bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurosurgical sequelae of domestic dog attacks in children
Authors: Kumar Ramesh , Deleyiannis Frederic W. B. , Wilkinson Corbett , O'Neill Brent R. 
Published: October 2016

OBJECTIVE
The authors' goals in this study were to describe a series of dog attacks on children that required neurosurgical consultation and to better understand the pattern of injuries inflicted, the circumstances that place children at risk for attack, and the dog breeds involved. In addition, the authors review the surgical and medical management of these patients.

METHODS
The authors performed a retrospective review of all children requiring neurosurgical consultation for dog bite at a regional Level 1 pediatric trauma center over a 15-year period.

RESULTS
A total of 124 children with dog bites to the head, face, and neck were evaluated in the emergency department. Of these, 17 children (13.7%) incurred injuries requiring neurosurgical consultation. Fifty-three percent of victims were female. The mean age at the time of attack was 30 months. Twelve (71%) of the attacks were perpetrated by the family pet, and 13 (76%) occurred at the patient's home. Breeds involved in the attacks included German Shepherd, Pit Bull, American Bulldog, large mixed breed, Labrador Retriever, and Akita, with German Shepherds and Akitas being the most frequently involved. Neurosurgical injuries included nondepressed skull fracture in 5, depressed skull fracture in 10, intracranial hemorrhage in 5, cerebral contusions in 4, dural laceration in 4, pneumocephalus in 5, clinically evident CSF leak in 3, spinal fracture with complete spinal cord injury in 1, stroke in 2, vascular injury in 2, and cranial nerve injury (hypoglossal and facial nerve) in 1. Prophylactic antibiotics were administered in 16 patients (94%). Only 1 patient had a confirmed infection involving the site of injury. Neurosurgical intervention was required in 10 patients (59%) and ranged in severity from debridement and closure of a complex scalp wound to decompressive craniectomy. Neurological deficits, all of which were considered catastrophic, developed in 3 patients (18%).

CONCLUSIONS
Dog attacks on children requiring neurosurgical consultation commonly involve the family pet, which is usually a large-breed dog with no history of prior aggression. Neurosurgical injuries often involve the cranial vault, with depressed skull fractures being the most common injury pattern. Most patients do not suffer a neurological deficit, although catastrophic neurological injury may occur. Prophylactic antibiotics are commonly used and surgical intervention is required in the majority of cases.
ON THE CAPABILITIES OF SURVEY TELESCOPES OF MODERATE SIZE
Authors: Terebizh V. Yu. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
To explore the capabilities of moderate-size optical telescopes used in surveys, a set of nine new wide-field designs, having apertures of up to 1 m, was created. The designs were optimized to ensure the widest possible field of view with an image quality better than 3″ across the field. All but one of the systems have an angular field in a range of 3.°5–10° and a flat focal surface; the field of the last system is 45° in diameter with an aperture 0.5 m and a spherical focal surface. Relations between the expected limiting magnitude, survey speed, and exposure time allow one to choose the system that is best suited for the objectives of specific observations. In particular, a single wide-field telescope with an aperture of approximately 1 m can detect objects brighter than 22.5
m
over the entire hemisphere within one night. Since the optical layouts are of practical interest, their complete descriptions are given.
THE IMPLICIT CONTRIBUTION OF SLAB MODES TO THE PERPENDICULAR DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT OF PARTICLES INTERACTING WITH TWO-COMPONENT TURBULENCE
Authors: Shalchi A. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
We explore the transport of energetic particles in two-component turbulence in which the stochastic magnetic field is assumed to be a superposition of slab and two-dimensional modes. It is known that in magnetostatic slab turbulence, the motion of particles across the mean magnetic field is subdiffusive. If a two-dimensional component is added, diffusion is recovered. It was also shown before that in two-component turbulence, the slab modes do not explicitly contribute to the perpendicular diffusion coefficient. In the current paper, the implicit contribution of slab modes is explored and it is shown that this contribution leads to a reduction of the perpendicular diffusion coefficient. This effect improves the agreement between simulations and analytical theory. Furthermore, the obtained results are relevant for investigations of diffusive shock acceleration.
EVOLUTION OF INTERMEDIATE-MASS X-RAY BINARIES DRIVEN BY THE MAGNETIC BRAKING OF AP/BP STARS. I. ULTRACOMPACT X-RAY BINARIES
Authors: Chen Wen-Cong , Podsiadlowski Philipp 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
It is generally believed that ultracompact X-ray binaries (UCXBs) evolved from binaries consisting of a neutron star accreting from a low-mass white dwarf (WD) or helium star where mass transfer is driven by gravitational radiation. However, the standard WD evolutionary channel cannot produce the relatively long-period (40–60 minutes) UCXBs with a high time-averaged mass-transfer rate. In this work, we explore an alternative evolutionary route toward UCXBs, where the companions evolve from intermediate-mass Ap/Bp stars with an anomalously strong magnetic field (100–10,000 G). Including the magnetic braking caused by the coupling between the magnetic field and an irradiation-driven wind induced by the X-ray flux from the accreting component, we show that intermediate-mass X-ray binaries (IMXBs) can evolve into UCXBs. Using the MESA code, we have calculated evolutionary sequences for a large number of IMXBs. The simulated results indicate that, for a small wind-driving efficiency f = 10−5, the anomalous magnetic braking can drive IMXBs to an ultra-short period of 11 minutes. Comparing our simulated results with the observed parameters of 15 identified UCXBs, the anomalous magnetic braking evolutionary channel can account for the formation of seven and eight sources with f = 10−3, and 10−5, respectively. In particular, a relatively large value of f can fit three of the long-period, persistent sources with a high mass-transfer rate. Though the proportion of Ap/Bp stars in intermediate-mass stars is only 5%, the lifetime of the UCXB phase is ≳2 Gyr, producing a relatively high number of observable systems, making this an alternative evolutionary channel for the formation of UCXBs.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DISTRIBUTION OF MAGNETIC DECAY INDEX AND FILAMENT ERUPTIONS
Authors: Li H. , Liu Y. , Elmhamdi A. , Kordi A.-S. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
The decay index n of a horizontal magnetic field is considered to be an important parameter in judging the stability of a flux rope. However, the spatial distribution of this parameter has not been extensively explored so far. In this paper, we present a delineative study of the three-dimensional maps of n for two eruptive events, in which filaments underwent asymmetrical eruptions. The corresponding n-distributions are both found to show that the filaments tend to erupt at abnormal regions (dubbed ABN regions) of n. These ABN regions appear to be divided into two subregions, with larger and smaller n. Moreover, an analysis of the magnetic topological configuration of the ABN regions has been also performed. The results indicate that these ABN regions are associated with a kind of special quasi-separatrix layer across which the connectivity of magnetic field is discontinuous. The presented observations and analyses strongly suggest that the torus instability in ABN regions may play a crucial role for the triggering of an asymmetrical eruption. Additionally, our investigation can provide a way of forecasting how a filament might erupt, and predicting the location for an asymmetrically eruptive filament to be split through analyzing the spatial structure of n.
VELOCITY VARIATIONS IN THE PHOENIX–HERMUS STAR STREAM
Authors: Carlberg R. G. , Grillmair C. J. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Measurements of velocity and density perturbations along stellar streams in the Milky Way provide a time-integrated measure of dark matter substructure at larger galactic radius than the complementary instantaneous inner-halo strong lensing detection of dark matter sub-halos in distant galaxies. An interesting case to consider is the proposed Phoenix–Hermus star stream, which is long, thin, and on a nearly circular orbit, making it a particular good target to study for velocity variations along its length. In the presence of dark matter sub-halos, the stream velocities are significantly perturbed in a manner that is readily understood with the impulse approximation. A set of simulations shows that only sub-halos above a few 107
M
⊙ lead to reasonably long-lived observationally detectable velocity variations of amplitude of order 1 km s−1, with an average of about one visible hit per (two-armed) stream over a 3 Gyr interval. An implication is that globular clusters themselves will not have a visible impact on the stream. Radial velocities have the benefit of being completely insensitive to distance errors. Distance errors scatter individual star velocities perpendicular and tangential to the mean orbit, but their mean values remain unbiased. Calculations like these help build the quantitative case to acquire large, fairly deep, precision velocity samples of stream stars.
THE ASTEROSEISMIC POTENTIAL OF TESS: EXOPLANET-HOST STARS
Authors: Campante T. L. , Schofield M. , Kuszlewicz J. S. , Bouma L. , Chaplin W. J. , Huber D. , Christensen-Dalsgaard J. , Kjeldsen H. , Bossini D. , North T. S. H. , Appourchaux T. , Latham D. W. , Pepper J. , Ricker G. R. , Stassun K. G. , Vanderspek R. , Winn J. N. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
New insights on stellar evolution and stellar interior physics are being made possible by asteroseismology. Throughout the course of the Kepler mission, asteroseismology has also played an important role in the characterization of exoplanet-host stars and their planetary systems. The upcoming NASA Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) will be performing a near all-sky survey for planets that transit bright nearby stars. In addition, its excellent photometric precision, combined with its fine time sampling and long intervals of uninterrupted observations, will enable asteroseismology of solar-type and red-giant stars. Here we develop a simple test to estimate the detectability of solar-like oscillations in TESS photometry of any given star. Based on an all-sky stellar and planetary synthetic population, we go on to predict the asteroseismic yield of the TESS mission, placing emphasis on the yield of exoplanet-host stars for which we expect to detect solar-like oscillations. This is done for both the target stars (observed at a 2-minute cadence) and the full-frame-image stars (observed at a 30-minute cadence). A similar exercise is also conducted based on a compilation of known host stars. We predict that TESS will detect solar-like oscillations in a few dozen target hosts (mainly subgiant stars but also in a smaller number of F dwarfs), in up to 200 low-luminosity red-giant hosts, and in over 100 solar-type and red-giant known hosts, thereby leading to a threefold improvement in the asteroseismic yield of exoplanet-host stars when compared to Kepler's.
RISING FROM THE ASHES: MID-INFRARED RE-BRIGHTENING OF THE IMPOSTOR SN 2010da IN NGC 300
Authors: Lau Ryan M. , Kasliwal Mansi M. , Bond Howard E. , Smith Nathan , Fox Ori D. , Carlon Robert , Cody Ann Marie , Contreras Carlos , Dykhoff Devin , Gehrz Robert , Hsiao Eric , Jencson Jacob , Khan Rubab , Masci Frank , Monard L. A. G. , Monson Andrew J. , Morrell Nidia , Phillips Mark , Ressler Michael E. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
We present multi-epoch mid-infrared (IR) photometry and the optical discovery observations of the “impostor” supernova (SN) 2010da in NGC 300 using new and archival Spitzer
Space Telescope images and ground-based observatories. The mid-infrared counterpart of SN 2010da was detected as Spitzer Infrared Intensive Transient Survey (SPIRITS) 14bme in the SPIRITS, an ongoing systematic search for IR transients. Before erupting on 2010 May 24, the SN 2010da progenitor exhibited a constant mid-IR flux at 3.6 and only a slight ∼10% decrease at 4.5 μm between 2003 November and 2007 December. A sharp increase in the 3.6 μm flux followed by a rapid decrease measured ∼150 days before and ∼80 days after the initial outburst, respectively, reveal a mid-IR counterpart to the coincident optical and high luminosity X-ray outbursts. At late times, after the outburst (∼2000 days), the 3.6 and 4.5 μm emission increased to over a factor of two times the progenitor flux and is currently observed (as of 2016 Feb) to be fading, but still above the progenitor flux. We attribute the re-brightening mid-IR emission to continued dust production and increasing luminosity of the surviving system associated with SN 2010da. We analyze the evolution of the dust temperature (T
d ∼ 700–1000 K), mass (M
d ∼ 0.5–3.8 × 10−7
M
⊙), luminosity (L
IR ∼ 1.3–3.5 × 104
L
⊙), and the equilibrium temperature radius (R
eq ∼ 6.4–12.2 au) in order to resolve the nature of SN 2010da. We address the leading interpretation of SN 2010da as an eruption from a luminous blue variable high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB) system. We propose that SN 2010da is instead a supergiant (sg)B[e]-HMXB based on similar luminosities and dust masses exhibited by two other known sgB[e]-HMXB systems. Additionally, the SN 2010da progenitor occupies a similar region on a mid-IR color–magnitude diagram (CMD) with known sgB[e] stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud. The lower limit estimated for the orbital eccentricity of the sgB[e]-HMXB (e > 0.82) from X-ray luminosity measurements is high compared to known sgHMXBs and supports the claim that SN 2010da may be associated with a newly formed HMXB system.
MILLIMETER TRANSIENT POINT SOURCES IN THE SPTpol 100 SQUARE DEGREE SURVEY
Authors: Whitehorn N. , Natoli T. , Ade P. A. R. , Austermann J. E. , Beall J. A. , Bender A. N. , Benson B. A. , Bleem L. E. , Carlstrom J. E. , Chang C. L. , Chiang H. C. , Cho H-M. , Citron R. , Crawford T. M. , Crites A. T. , Haan T. de , Dobbs M. A. , Everett W. , Gallicchio J. , George E. M. , Gilbert A. , Halverson N. W. , Harrington N. , Henning J. W. , Hilton G. C. , Holder G. P. , Holzapfel W. L. , Hoover S. , Hou Z. , Hrubes J. D. , Huang N. , Hubmayr J. , Irwin K. D. , Keisler R. , Knox L. , Lee A. T. , Leitch E. M. , Li D. , McMahon J. J. , Meyer S. S. , Mocanu L. , Nibarger J. P. , Novosad V. , Padin S. , Pryke C. , Reichardt C. L. , Ruhl J. E. , Saliwanchik B. R. , Sayre J. T. , Schaffer K. K. , Smecher G. , Stark A. A. , Story K. T. , Tucker C. , Vanderlinde K. , Vieira J. D. , Wang G. , Yefremenko V. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
The millimeter transient sky is largely unexplored, with measurements limited to follow-up of objects detected at other wavelengths. High-angular-resolution telescopes, designed for measurement of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), offer the possibility to discover new, unknown transient sources in this band—particularly the afterglows of unobserved gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Here, we use the 10 m millimeter-wave South Pole Telescope, designed for the primary purpose of observing the CMB at arcminute and larger angular scales, to conduct a search for such objects. During the 2012–2013 season, the telescope was used to continuously observe a 100 deg2 patch of sky centered at R.A. 23h30m and decl. −55° using the polarization-sensitive SPTpol camera in two bands centered at 95 and 150 GHz. These 6000 hr of observations provided continuous monitoring for day- to month-scale millimeter-wave transient sources at the 10 mJy level. One candidate object was observed with properties broadly consistent with a GRB afterglow, but at a statistical significance too low (p = 0.01) to confirm detection.
A BROWN DWARF CENSUS FROM THE SIMP SURVEY
Authors: Robert Jasmin , Gagné Jonathan , Artigau Étienne , Lafrenière David , Nadeau Daniel , Doyon René , Malo Lison , Albert Loïc , Simard Corinne , Gagliuffi Daniella C. Bardalez , Burgasser Adam J. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
We have conducted a near-infrared (NIR) proper motion survey, the Sondage Infrarouge de Mouvement Propre, in order to discover field ultracool dwarfs (UCD) in the solar neighborhood. The survey was conducted by imaging ∼28% of the sky with the Caméra PAnoramique Proche-InfraRouge both in the southern hemisphere at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory 1.5 m telescope, and in the northern hemisphere at the Observatoire du Mont-Mégantic 1.6 m telescope and comparing the source positions from these observations with the Two Micron All-Sky Survey Point Source Catalog (2MASS PSC). Additional color criteria were used to further discriminate unwanted astrophysical sources. We present the results of an NIR spectroscopic follow-up of 169 M, L, and T dwarfs. Among the sources discovered are 2 young field brown dwarfs, 6 unusually red M and L dwarfs, 25 unusually blue M and L dwarfs, 2 candidate unresolved L+T binaries, and 24 peculiar UCDs. Additionally, we add 9 L/T transition dwarfs (L6–T4.5) to the already known objects.
VISIBLE ABSORPTIONS OF POTENTIAL DIFFUSE ISM HYDROCARBONS: C9H9 AND C9H5 RADICALS
Authors: Steglich M. , Maity S. , Maier J. P. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
The laboratory detection of previously unobserved resonance-stabilized C9H5 and C9H9 radicals in the supersonic expansion of a hydrocarbon discharge source is reported. The radicals are tentatively assigned as acetylenic-substituted cyclopentadienyl C9H5 and vinyl-substituted benzyl C9H9 species. They are found to feature visible absorption bands that coincide with a few very weak diffuse interstellar bands toward HD183143 and HD204827.
3D PIC SIMULATIONS OF COLLISIONLESS SHOCKS AT LUNAR MAGNETIC ANOMALIES AND THEIR ROLE IN FORMING LUNAR SWIRLS
Authors: Bamford R. A. , Alves E. P. , Cruz F. , Kellett B. J. , Fonseca R. A. , Silva L. O , Trines R. M. G. M. , Halekas J. S. , Kramer G. , Harnett E. , Cairns R. A. , Bingham R. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Investigation of the lunar crustal magnetic anomalies offers a comprehensive long-term data set of observations of small-scale magnetic fields and their interaction with the solar wind. In this paper a review of the observations of lunar mini-magnetospheres is compared quantifiably with theoretical kinetic-scale plasma physics and 3D particle-in-cell simulations. The aim of this paper is to provide a complete picture of all the aspects of the phenomena and to show how the observations from all the different and international missions interrelate. The analysis shows that the simulations are consistent with the formation of miniature (smaller than the ion Larmor orbit) collisionless shocks and miniature magnetospheric cavities, which has not been demonstrated previously. The simulations reproduce the finesse and form of the differential proton patterns that are believed to be responsible for the creation of both the “lunar swirls” and “dark lanes.” Using a mature plasma physics code like OSIRIS allows us, for the first time, to make a side-by-side comparison between model and space observations. This is shown for all of the key plasma parameters observed to date by spacecraft, including the spectral imaging data of the lunar swirls. The analysis of miniature magnetic structures offers insight into multi-scale mechanisms and kinetic-scale aspects of planetary magnetospheres.
COMPRESSIBLE FLOW IN FRONT OF AN AXISYMMETRIC BLUNT OBJECT: ANALYTIC APPROXIMATION AND ASTROPHYSICAL IMPLICATIONS
Authors: Keshet Uri , Naor Yossi 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Compressible flows around blunt objects have diverse applications, but current analytic treatments are inaccurate and limited to narrow parameter regimes. We show that the gas-dynamic flow in front of an axisymmetric blunt body is accurately derived analytically using a low order expansion of the perpendicular gradients in terms of the parallel velocity. This reproduces both subsonic and supersonic flows measured and simulated for a sphere, including the transonic regime and the bow shock properties. Some astrophysical implications are outlined, in particular for planets in the solar wind and for clumps and bubbles in the intergalactic medium. The bow shock standoff distance normalized by the obstacle curvature is

in the strong shock limit, where g is the compression ratio. For a subsonic Mach number M approaching unity, the thickness δ of an initially weak, draped magnetic layer is a few times larger than in the incompressible limit, with amplification

.
Water-in-Oil–Only Adjuvants Selectively Promote T Follicular Helper Cell Polarization through a Type I IFN and IL-6–Dependent Pathway
Authors: Riteau Nicolas , Radtke Andrea J. , Shenderov Kevin , Mittereder Lara , Oland Sandra D. , Hieny Sara , Jankovic Dragana , Sher Alan 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are a subset of CD4+ T lymphocytes that promote the development of humoral immunity. Although the triggers required for the differentiation of the other major Th subsets are well defined, those responsible for Tfh cell responses are still poorly understood. We determined that mice immunized with peptide or protein Ags emulsified in IFA or related water-in-oil adjuvants develop a highly polarized response in which the majority of the Ag-specific CD4+ T cells are germinal center–homing CXCR5+Bcl6+ Tfh cells. Despite the absence of exogenous microbial pathogen-associated molecular patterns, the Tfh cell responses observed were dependent, in part, on MyD88. Importantly, in addition to IL-6, T cell–intrinsic type I IFN signaling is required for optimal Tfh cell polarization. These findings suggest that water-in-oil adjuvants promote Tfh cell–dominated responses by triggering endogenous alarm signals that, in turn, induce type I IFN–dependent differentiation pathway functioning in T cells.
Die Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerkorde van 1962: Die Dordtse Kerkorde aangepas by die eise van ons dag?
Authors: Strauss Piet 
Published: October 2016

This article investigates a statement by Dr Koot Vorster, at that stage a leading figure and church politician in the Dutch Reformed Church (DRC), in which he mentions that the proposed church order for the Dutch Reformed Church of 1962 was in essence the Order of Dordtrecht of 1619, adapted to suit the situation of the church in the 1960s. The Dutch Reformed Church’s affinity with the Church Order of Dordt over the years is highlighted and the content of the order of 1962 is studied for the influence of, and similarities with the Order of Dordt.