bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Surface Analytical Studies of No‐Rinse Versions of Chromium Phosphate Pretreatment for Lacquers.
Authors: TREVERTON J. A. , BOSLAND A. , BROWN J. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractFilms formed on aluminum metal surfaces by a no‐rinse pretreatment solution based on CrF3, polyacrylic acid, and phosphoric acid are studied by XPS and SEM.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,1,1‐Trifluoro‐3‐phenylsulfonyl‐2,2‐propanediol: A Building Block for Trifluoromethylated and Sulfonylated Heterocycles. Synthesis of 1‐Alkyl‐3‐trifluoromethyl‐4‐phenylsulfonylpyrazoles.
Authors: TAKAHASHI M. , KOTAJIMA H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe anion of methyl phenyl sulfone (I) reacts with ethyl trifluoroacetate (II) to produce a mixture of the ketone hydrate (IV) and the amine (V) after work‐up with ammonium chloride (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Complexation Properties of a Novel Potassium‐Selective Trisanisyl Bis(benzo‐crown ether).
Authors: BEER P. D. , TITE E. L. , IBBOTSON A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title crown ether (III), containing a rigid preorganized trisanisyl chain backbone, is shown to form a 1:2 host:cation complex with Na+ and 1:1 complexes with K+, Rb+, and NH4+ at the crown ether binding sites.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Two Diacetonyl‐Tl(III) Compounds. X‐Ray Structure Analysis of (Tl(CH2C(O)Me)2(μ‐CF3SO3)(bpy))2.
Authors: VICENTE J. , ABAD J.‐A. , CARA G. , JONES P. G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title compound (VI) crystallizes in the space group P1 with Z=1.
ChemInform Abstract: Liquid Crystals Containing Fluorine. Part 13. Esters of Carboxylic Acids of the Aromatic Series with Unsaturated Fluorinated Bridges.
Authors: MOKLYACHUK L. I. , KORNILOV M. YU. , FIALKOV YU. A. , KREMLEV M. M. , YAGUPOL'SKII L. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title compounds (I)‐(V) are prepared in 76‐97% yields by reacting the corresponding acyl halides with phenols or, respectively, alkanols.
Pattern of distribution of serotonergic fibers to the amygdala and extended amygdala in the rat
Authors: Linley Stephanie B. , Olucha‐Bordonau Francisco , Vertes Robert P. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTAs is well recognized, serotonergic (5‐HT) fibers distribute widely throughout the forebrain, including the amygdala. Although a few reports have examined the 5‐HT innervation of select nuclei of the amygdala in the rat, no previous report has described overall 5‐HT projections to the amygdala in the rat. Using immunostaining for the serotonin transporter, SERT, we describe the complete pattern of distribution of 5‐HT fibers to the amygdala (proper) and to the extended amygdala in the rat. Based on its ontogenetic origins, the amygdala was subdivided into two major parts, pallial and subpallial components, with the pallial component further divided into superficial and deep nuclei (Olucha‐Bordonau et al. 2015). SERT+ fibers were shown to distributed moderately to densely to the deep and cortical pallial nuclei, but, by contrast, lightly to the subpallial nuclei. Specifically, 1) of the deep pallial nuclei, the lateral, basolateral, and basomedial nuclei contained a very dense concentration of 5‐HT fibers; 2) of the cortical pallial nuclei, the anterior cortical and amygdala–cortical transition zone rostrally and the posteromedial and posterolateral nuclei caudally contained a moderate concentration of 5‐HT fibers; and 3) of the subpallial nuclei, the anterior nuclei and the rostral part of the medial (Me) nuclei contained a moderate concentration of 5‐HT fibers, whereas caudal regions of Me as well as the central nuclei and the intercalated nuclei contained a sparse/light concentration of 5‐HT fibers. With regard to the extended amygdala (primarily the bed nucleus of stria terminalis; BST), on the whole, the BST contained moderate numbers of 5‐HT fibers, spread fairly uniformly throughout BST. The findings are discussed with respect to a critical serotonergic influence on the amygdala, particularly on the basal complex, and on the extended amygdala in the control of states of fear and anxiety. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:116–139, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dicationic Surfactants with Glycine Counter Ions for Oligonucleotide Transportation
Authors: Pietralik Zuzanna , Skrzypczak Andrzej , Kozak Maciej 
Published: May 2016

AbstractGemini surfactants are good candidates to bind, protect, and deliver nucleic acids. Herein, the concept of amino acids (namely glycine) as counter ions of gemini surfactants for gene therapy application was explored. This study was conducted on DNA and RNA oligomers and two quaternary bis‐imidazolium salts, having 2,5‐dioxahexane and 2,8‐dioxanonane spacer groups. The toxicity level of surfactants was assessed by an MTT assay, and their ability to bind nucleic acids was tested through electrophoresis. The nucleic acid conformation was established based on circular dichroism and infrared spectroscopic analyses. The structures of the formed complexes were characterized by small‐angle scattering of synchrotron radiation. Both studied surfactants appear to be suitable for gene therapy; however, although they vary by only three methylene groups in the spacer, they differ in binding ability and toxicity. The tested oligonucleotides maintained their native conformations upon surfactant addition and the studied lipoplexes formed a variety of structures. In systems based on a 2,5‐dioxahexane spacer, a hexagonal phase was observed for DNA–surfactant complexes and a micellar phase was dominant with RNA. For the surfactant with a 2,8‐dioxanonane spacer group, the primitive cubic phase prevailed.
Plants adapted to warmer climate do not outperform regional plants during a natural heat wave
Authors: Bucharova Anna , Durka Walter , Hermann Julia‐Maria , Hölzel Norbert , Michalski Stefan , Kollmann Johannes , Bossdorf Oliver 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWith ongoing climate change, many plant species may not be able to adapt rapidly enough, and some conservation experts are therefore considering to translocate warm‐adapted ecotypes to mitigate effects of climate warming. Although this strategy, called assisted migration, is intuitively plausible, most of the support comes from models, whereas experimental evidence is so far scarce. Here we present data on multiple ecotypes of six grassland species, which we grew in four common gardens in Germany during a natural heat wave, with temperatures 1.4–2.0°C higher than the long‐term means. In each garden we compared the performance of regional ecotypes with plants from a locality with long‐term summer temperatures similar to what the plants experienced during the summer heat wave. We found no difference in performance between regional and warm‐adapted plants in four of the six species. In two species, regional ecotypes even outperformed warm‐adapted plants, despite elevated temperatures, which suggests that translocating warm‐adapted ecotypes may not only lack the desired effect of increased performance but may even have negative consequences. Even if adaptation to climate plays a role, other factors involved in local adaptation, such as biotic interactions, may override it. Based on our results, we cannot advocate assisted migration as a universal tool to enhance the performance of local plant populations and communities during climate change.
Accelerated geometry optimization of compact impedance matching transformers using decomposition and adjoint sensitivities
Authors: Bekasiewicz Adrian , Koziel Slawomir 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis work addresses the problem of expedited design optimization of decomposable compact microwave structures, particularly impedance matching transformers. The approach proposed here exploits structure decomposition and a bottom‐up technique where the elementary building blocks of the transformer circuit of interest are first optimized with respect to specifications extracted from a conventional circuit design, and subsequently, the entire circuit is optimized using the previously obtained building‐block dimensions as a starting point. The optimization engine for each stage of the process is adjoint‐based gradient search embedded in the trust region framework. The bottom‐up approach turns out to be critical from the reliability standpoint: As the initial dimensions obtained from the optimized building blocks already result in reasonably good characteristics of the entire circuit, no global search is required to find a satisfactory design. This is in contrast to direct adjoint‐based optimization of the entire circuit which leads to a local optimum, which may not satisfy the imposed requirements. At the same time, computational cost of the design process is reduced compared with direct optimization of the entire circuit, because building block optimization is carried out in low‐dimensional search spaces and using simpler (i.e., less expensive) electromagnetic models. Our technique is demonstrated using a three‐section impedance matching transformer. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Notch signaling pathways in human thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum
Authors: Qu Xiaochen , Chen Zhongqiang , Fan Dongwei , Sun Chuiguo , Zeng Yan , Hou Xiaofei , Ning Shanglong 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the pathological process of Notch signaling in the osteogenesis of ligamentum flavum tissues and cells, and the associated regulatory mechanisms. Notch receptors, ligands, and target genes were identified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in ligamentum flavum cells and immunohistochemistry in ligamentum flavum sections from ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF) patients and controls. The temporospatial expression patterns of JAG1/Notch2/HES1 in human ligamentum flavum cells during osteogenic differentiation were determined by qPCR. Lentiviral vectors for Notch2 overexpression and knockdown were constructed and transfected into ligamentum flavum cells before osteogenic differentiation to examine the function of Notch signaling pathways in the osteogenic differentiation of ligamentum flavum cells. Alkaline phosphatase, Runx2, Osterix, osteocalcin, and osteopontin mRNA levels, alkaline phosphatase activity, and Alizarin Red staining were used as indicators of osteogenic differentiation. JAG1/Notch2/HES1 mRNA levels were up‐regulated in ligamentum flavum cells from OLF patients, which increased during osteogenic differentiation. Immunohistochemical analysis suggested positive Notch2 expression at the ossification front. Down‐regulation of Notch2 expression decelerated osteogenic differentiation of ligamentum flavum cells, and Notch2 overexpression promoted osteogenic differentiation of ligamentum flavum cells. Expression of Runx2 and Osterix increased in a manner similar to that of Notch2 during osteogenic differentiation of ligamentum flavum cells, and Notch2 knockdown and overexpression influenced their expression levels. Notch signaling plays an important role in OLF, and Notch may affect the osteogenic differentiation of ligamentum flavum cells via interactions with Runx2 and Osterix.© 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1481–1491, 2016.
Disgusted by Sexual Abuse: Exploring the Association Between Disgust Sensitivity and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Among Mothers of Sexually Abused Children
Authors: van Delft Ivanka , Finkenauer Catrin , Tybur Joshua M. , Lamers‐Winkelman Francien 
Published: May 2016

AbstractNonoffending mothers of sexually abused children often exhibit high levels of posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms. Emerging evidence suggests that trait‐like individual differences in sensitivity to disgust play a role in the development of PTS symptoms. One such individual difference, disgust sensitivity, has not been examined as far as we are aware among victims of secondary traumatic stress. The current study examined associations between disgust sensitivity and PTS symptoms among mothers of sexually abused children (N = 72). Mothers completed the Impact of Event Scale‐Revised and the Three Domain Disgust Scale (Tybur, Lieberman, & Griskevicius, 2009). More than one third of mothers scored above a suggested cutoff (mean score = 1.5) for high levels of PTS symptoms. Hierarchical linear regression analysis results indicated that sexual disgust sensitivity (β = .39, p = .002) was associated with PTS symptoms (R2 = .18). An interaction analysis showed that sexual disgust sensitivity was associated with maternal PTS symptoms only when the perpetrator was not biologically related to the child (β = −.32, p = .047; R2 = .28). Our findings suggested that sexual disgust sensitivity may be a risk factor for developing PTS symptoms among mothers of sexually abused children.
Tractography‐Based Ventral Intermediate Nucleus Targeting: Novel Methodology and Intraoperative Validation
Authors: Sammartino Francesco , Krishna Vibhor , King Nicolas Kon Kam , Lozano Andres M. , Schwartz Michael L. , Huang Yuexi , Hodaie Mojgan 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus is not readily visible on structural magnetic resonance imaging. Therefore, a method for its visualization for stereotactic targeting is desirable.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to define a tractography‐based methodology for the stereotactic targeting of the ventral intermediate nucleus.MethodsThe lateral and posterior borders of the ventral intermediate nucleus were defined by tracking the pyramidal tract and medial lemniscus, respectively. A thalamic seed was then created 3 mm medial and anterior to these borders, and its structural connections were analyzed. The application of this method was assessed in an imaging cohort of 14 tremor patients and 15 healthy controls, in which we compared the tractography‐based targeting to conventional targeting. In a separate surgical cohort (3 tremor and 3 tremor‐dominant Parkinson's disease patients), we analyzed the accuracy of this method by correlating it with intraoperative neurophysiology.ResultsTractography of the thalamic seed revealed the tracts corresponding to cerebellar input and motor cortical output fibers. The tractography‐based target was more lateral (12.5 [1.2] mm vs 11.5 mm for conventional targeting) and anterior (8.5 [1.1] mm vs 6.7 [0.3] mm, anterior to the posterior commissure). In the surgical cohort, the Euclidian distance between the ventral intermediate nucleus identified by tractography and the surgical target was 1.6 [1.1] mm. The locations of the sensory thalamus, lemniscus, and pyramidal tracts were concordant within <1 mm between tractography and neurophysiology.InterpretationThe tractography‐based methodology for identification of the ventral intermediate nucleus is accurate and useful. This method may be used to improve stereotactic targeting in functional neurosurgery procedures. © 2016 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
A Novel Multi‐step Virtual Screening for the Identification ofHumanandMousemPGES‐1 Inhibitors
Authors: Corso G. , Alisi M. A. , Cazzolla N. , Coletta I. , Furlotti G. , Garofalo B. , Mangano G. , Mancini F. , Vitiello M. , Ombrato Rosella 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe present here the development of a novel virtual screening protocol combining Structure‐based and Ligand‐based drug design approaches for the identification ofmousemPGES‐1 inhibitors. We used the existing3D structural data of themurineenzyme to hypothesize the inhibitors binding mode, which was the starting point for docking simulations, shape screening, and pharmacophore hypothesis screening. The protocol allowed the identification of 16 mousemPGES‐1 inhibitors with low micromolar activity, which, notably, also inhibit thehumanenzyme in the same concentration range. The inhibitors predicted binding mode is expected to be the base for the rational drug design of new potent dual species inhibitors ofhumanandmurinemPGES‐1.
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli causes fibrotic remodelling of the epididymis
Authors: Michel Vera , Duan Yonggang , Stoschek Elke , Bhushan Sudhanshu , Middendorff Ralf , Young Julia M , Loveland Kate L , Kretser David M De , Hedger Mark P , Meinhardt Andreas 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDespite antibiotic treatment, up to 40% of patients have impaired fertility after epididymitis due to serovars of Escherichia coli, a frequent pathogen. The reasons for infertility are unclear, but it may result from epididymal duct obstruction. To determine whether E. coli infection of the epididymis causes obstruction due to fibrosis, and to identify the key mediators, tissues from patients with epididymitis were assessed. Additionally, epididymitis was induced with uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) or commensal serovars in wild‐type and MyD88−/− mice, which are relatively unresponsive to bacterial pathogens. Epididymal organ cultures were treated with activin A and bacteria and their histology and levels of cytokines and fibrosis markers were analysed. Patients with epididymitis showed severe fibrosis of the epididymal duct. In mice, UPEC infection also caused fibrosis and ductal obstruction in the cauda epididymis. Levels of mRNA for fibrotic markers (α‐smooth muscle actin, fibronectin) and cytokines (activin A, TNFα, IL‐1α, IL‐1β, IL‐6) and total collagen levels were significantly elevated. This fibrotic response was blunted by the loss of MyD88. Activin A induced fibrosis in cultured epididymis, which was inhibited by the activin‐binding protein follistatin. In summary, bacterial epididymitis causes fibrosis and obstruction. The milder tissue damage in Myd88−/− UPEC epididymitis highlights the importance of the host response to infection in causing epididymal damage. Elevated levels of activin A in vivo and fibrotic remodelling elicited by activin A in vitro indicate that this cytokine is a potential target for supplementary treatment to antibiotic therapy. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TRIC: Capturing the direct cellular targets of promoter‐bound transcriptional activators
Authors: Dugan Amanda , Pricer Rachel , Katz Micah , Mapp Anna K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTranscriptional activators coordinate the dynamic assembly of multiprotein coactivator complexes required for gene expression to occur. Here we combine the power of in vivo covalent chemical capture with p‐benzoyl‐L‐phenylalanine (Bpa), a genetically incorporated photo‐crosslinking amino acid, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) to capture the direct protein interactions of the transcriptional activator VP16 with the general transcription factor TBP at the GAL1 promoter in live yeast.
Mitochondrial fission – a drug target for cytoprotection or cytodestruction?
Authors: Rosdah Ayeshah A. , K. Holien Jessica , Delbridge Lea M. D. , Dusting Gregory J. , Lim Shiang Y. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMitochondria are morphologically dynamic organelles constantly undergoing processes of fission and fusion that maintain integrity and bioenergetics of the organelle: these processes are vital for cell survival. Disruption in the balance of mitochondrial fusion and fission is thought to play a role in several pathological conditions including ischemic heart disease. Proteins involved in regulating the processes of mitochondrial fusion and fission are therefore potential targets for pharmacological therapies. Mdivi‐1 is a small molecule inhibitor of the mitochondrial fission protein Drp1. Inhibiting mitochondrial fission with Mdivi‐1 has proven cytoprotective benefits in several cell types involved in a wide array of cardiovascular injury models. On the other hand, Mdivi‐1 can also exert antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects, particularly in hyperproliferative cells. In this review, we discuss these divergent effects of Mdivi‐1 on cell survival, as well as the potential and limitations of Mdivi‐1 as a therapeutic agent.
Fasiglifam (TAK‐875) has dual potentiating mechanisms via Gαq‐GPR40/FFAR1 signaling branches on glucose‐dependent insulin secretion
Authors: Sakuma Kensuke , Yabuki Chiori , Maruyama Minoru , Abiru Akiko , Komatsu Hidetoshi , Negoro Nobuyuki , Tsujihata Yoshiyuki , Takeuchi Koji , Habata Yugo , Mori Masaaki 
Published: May 2016

AbstractFasiglifam (TAK‐875) is a free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1)/G‐protein–coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) agonist that improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetes with minimum risk of hypoglycemia. Fasiglifam potentiates glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) from pancreatic β‐cells glucose dependently, although the precise mechanism underlying the glucose dependency still remains unknown. Here, we investigated key cross‐talk between the GSIS pathway and FFAR1 signaling, and Ca2+ dynamics using mouse insulinoma MIN6 cells. We demonstrated that the glucose‐dependent insulinotropic effect of fasiglifam required membrane depolarization and that fasiglifam induced a glucose‐dependent increase in intracellular Ca2+ level and amplification of Ca2+ oscillations. This differed from the sulfonylurea glimepiride that induced changes in Ca2+ dynamics glucose independently. Stimulation with cell‐permeable analogs of IP3 or diacylglycerol (DAG), downstream second messengers of Gαq‐FFAR1, augmented GSIS similar to fasiglifam, indicating their individual roles in the potentiation of GSIS pathway. Intriguingly, the IP3 analog triggered similar Ca2+ dynamics to fasiglifam, whereas the DAG analog had no effect. Despite the lack of an effect on Ca2+ dynamics, the DAG analog elicited synergistic effects on insulin secretion with Ca2+ influx evoked by an L‐type voltage‐dependent calcium channel opener that mimics glucose‐dependent Ca2+ dynamics. These results indicate that the Gαq signaling activated by fasiglifam enhances GSIS pathway via dual potentiating mechanisms in which IP3 amplifies glucose‐induced Ca2+ oscillations and DAG/protein kinase C (PKC) augments downstream secretory mechanisms independent of Ca2+ oscillations.
Formulating Expectations for Future Water Availability through Infrastructure Development Decisions in Arid Regions
Authors: Siddiqi Afreen , Ereiqat Farah , Anadon Laura Diaz 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTWater resources development options are usually selected on a least‐cost basis. While economic considerations are dominant in choosing projects, there are also a mix of other factors including social demands, political viability, social equity, and environmental considerations that impact final decisions and development of water supply systems. Understanding local priorities in water resource management decisions can allow for forming expectations of future regional water availability through new infrastructure projects. In this research, we propose that future human mediated water availability in arid regions may be assessed by considering key projects that have been identified or proposed by regional experts and organizations. Using Multicriteria Decision Methods as a framework to organize a set of decision criteria and their relative salience, the likelihood of selection (and development) of a project can be determined and used to form expectations of future regional water availability. We apply this approach in a case study of Jordan, and find that large‐scale desalination projects—that have been in the planning books for decades—are now most likely to be pursued and implemented in the country. Finally, we discuss strengths, limitations, and the general applicability of this method for assessing future water availability in other arid regions.