bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate Change Impacts on Faidherbia albida (Delile) A. Chev. Distribution in Dry Lands of Ethiopia
Authors: Noulèkoun Florent , Chude Stella , Zenebe Amanuel , Birhane Emiru 
Published: July 2016

AbstractGiven recent and projected climate change, the study of adaptation and mitigation strategies which involve ecologically and economically important plant species is urgently needed. Faidherbia albida (Delile) A. Chev. is a species of both economic and ecological importance. We use 229 locational records gathered in the dry highlands of Ethiopia, nineteen environmental variables and the modelling program MaxEnt to model both the present and possible future distributions of this species. To model future distributions, we used two emission scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathways 2.6 and 8.5) for two time slices (2050 and 2070). Mean temperature of wettest quarter was the major factor which determines the species' potential distribution. Suitable habitat for F. albida under the current climatic conditions is the mid‐highlands. However, its future distributions would shift upwards in elevation and will likely lead to some decrease in suitable areas, especially towards the end of the century. At the same time, however, other areas would become suitable for colonization, so that, overall, the species does not appear to face a significant reduction in distribution within our study region. Future studies should consider the possible effects of climate extremes, further environmental factors and of evolutionary adaptation of the species to new conditions.
Label‐ and Level‐Invariant Graphical Log‐Linear Models
Authors: Ramírez‐Aldana Ricardo , Eslava‐Gómez Guillermina 
Published: July 2016

SummaryWe introduce two types of graphical log‐linear models: label‐ and level‐invariant models for triangle‐free graphs. These models generalise symmetry concepts in graphical log‐linear models and provide a tool with which to model symmetry in the discrete case. A label‐invariant model is category‐invariant and is preserved after permuting some of the vertices according to transformations that maintain the graph, whereas a level‐invariant model equates expected frequencies according to a given set of permutations. These new models can both be seen as instances of a new type of graphical log‐linear model termed the restricted graphical log‐linear model, or RGLL, in which equality restrictions on subsets of main effects and first‐order interactions are imposed. Their likelihood equations and graphical representation can be obtained from those derived for the RGLL models.
Impact of ischaemia time on renal function after partial nephrectomy: a systematic review
Authors: Rod Xavier , Peyronnet Benoit , Seisen Thomas , Pradere Benjamin , Gomez Florie D. , Verhoest Grégory , Vaessen Christophe , De La Taille Alexandre , Bensalah Karim , Roupret Morgan 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo assess the impact of ischaemia on renal function after partial nephrectomy (PN).Materials and methodsA literature review was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) criteria. In January 2015, the Medline and Embase databases were systematically searched using the protocol (‘warm ischemia’[mesh] OR ‘warm ischemia’[ti]) AND (‘nephrectomy’[mesh] OR ‘partial nephrectomy’[ti]). An updated search was performed in December 2015. Only studies based on a solitary kidney model or on a two‐kidney model but with assessment of split renal function were included in this review.ResultsOf the 1119 studies identified, 969 abstracts were screened after duplicates were removed: 29 articles were finally included in this review, including nine studies that focused on patients with a solitary kidney. None of the nine studies adjusting for the amount of preserved parenchyma found a negative impact of warm ischaemia time on postoperative renal function, unless this was extended beyond a 25‐min threshold. The quality and the quantity of preserved parenchyma appeared to be the main contributors to postoperative renal function.ConclusionCurrently, no evidence supports that limited ischaemia time (i.e. ≤25 min) has a higher risk of reducing renal function after PN compared to a ‘zero ischaemia’ technique. Several recent studies have suggested that prolonged warm ischaemia (>25–30 min) could cause an irreversible ischaemic insult to the surgically treated kidney.
Germline genetic variation in JAK2 as a prognostic marker in castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Zhang Ben Y. , Riska Shaun M. , Mahoney Douglas W. , Costello Brian A. , Kohli Rhea , Quevedo Jorge F. , Cerhan James R. , Kohli Manish 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesTo evaluate the prognostic significance of germline variation in candidate genes in patients with castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).MethodsGermline DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with CRPC enrolled in a clinically annotated registry. Fourteen candidate genes implicated in either initiation or progression of prostate cancer were tagged using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from HapMap with a minor allele frequency of >5%. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), defined as time from development of CRPC to death. Principal component analysis was used for gene levels tests of significance. For SNP‐level results the per allele hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) under the additive allele model were estimated using Cox regression, adjusted for age at CRPC and Gleason score (GS).ResultsA total of 240 patients with CRPC were genotyped (14 genes; 84 SNPs). The median (range) age of the cohort was 69 (43–93) years. The GS distribution was 55% with GS ≥8, 32% with GS = 7 and 13% with GS <7 or unknown. The median (interquartile range) time from castration resistance to death for the cohort was 2.67 (1.6–4.07) years (144 deaths). At the gene level, a single gene, JAK2 was associated with OS (P < 0.01), and 11 of 18 JAK2 SNPs were individually associated with OS after adjustment for age and GS. A multivariate model consisting of age, GS, rs2149556 (HR 0.67; 95% CI 0.38–1.18) and rs4372063 (HR 2.17; 95% CI 1.25–3.76) was constructed to predict survival in patients with CRPC (concordance of 0.69, P < 3.2 × 10−9).ConclusionsGermline variation in the JAK2 gene was associated with survival in patients with CRPC and warrants further validation as a potential prognostic biomarker.
Ground crickets singing in volcanic warm “islets” in snowy winter: Their seasonal life cycles, photoperiodic responses and origin
Authors: Masaki Sinzo , Soma Masayuki , Ubukata Hidenori , Katakura Haruo , Ichihashi Rie , He Zhuqing , Ichijô Nobuaki , Kobayashi Norio , Takeda Makio 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe ground cricketDianemobius nigrofasciatusoverwinters as an egg in Japan, being univoltine in Hokkaido and northern Honshu and bivoltine farther south. In Hokkaido, however, this cricket is heard singing in winter in several fumarolic fields covered with moss and grasses locally known as “bokke”. In such warm “islets” the adult density was high in early summer and again in autumn, indicating that the cricket is bivoltine in contrast to the univoltine life cycle outside thebokkehabitats in Hokkaido. Eggs laid by females collected at regular intervals from abokkehabitat showed a clear seasonal cycle of diapause incidence. At 26°C, thebokkestrains produced non‐diapause eggs under long days and diapause eggs under short days as in the southern bivoltine populations, although the critical day‐length was longer than in the south. Several strains derived from non‐bokkehabitats in Hokkaido and northern Honshu produced high percentages of diapause eggs under long days as well as short days as expected for the univoltine life cycle. Winter adults singing inbokkehabitats could be either survivors of the autumn generation or individuals derived from eggs laid in autumn and then matured in response to the high soil temperature. In the laboratory, the proportion of egg diapause in short days was decreased by selection only for several generations. Phylogenetic trees ofbokkeand non‐bokkepopulations, based on both the nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrialCOIgene and four allozyme loci, suggest thatbokkepopulations have not been isolated from non‐bokkepopulations for an evolutionarily significant time.
Automatic Schaeffer's gestures recognition system
Authors: Gomez‐Donoso Francisco , Cazorla Miguel , Garcia‐Garcia Alberto , Garcia‐Rodriguez Jose 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSchaeffer's sign language consists of a reduced set of gestures designed to help children with autism or cognitive learning disabilities to develop adequate communication skills. Our automatic recognition system for Schaeffer's gesture language uses the information provided by an RGB‐D camera to capture body motion and recognize gestures using dynamic time warping combined with k‐nearest neighbors methods. The learning process is reinforced by the interaction with the proposed system that accelerates learning itself thus helping both children and educators. To demonstrate the validity of the system, a set of qualitative experiments with children were carried out. As a result, a system which is able to recognize a subset of 11 gestures of Schaeffer's sign language online was achieved.
Alternative therapies for the management of inhibitors
Authors: Shima M. , Lillicrap D. , Kruse‐Jarres R. 
Published: July 2016

The development of inhibitors to factor VIII (FVIII) or factor IX (FIX) remains a major treatment complication encountered in the treatment of haemophilia. Not all patients with even the same severity and genotype develop inhibitors suggesting an underlying mechanism of tolerance against FVIII‐ or FIX‐related immunity. One mechanism may be central tolerance observed in patients in whom the FVIII mutation enables some production of the protein. The other is a peripheral tolerance mechanism which may be evident in patients with null mutation. Recently, recombinant porcine FVIII (rpFVIII, Obixur, OBI‐1, BAX801) has been developed for the haemostatic treatment of both congenital haemophilia with inhibitor (CHAWI) and acquired haemophilia A (AHA). In 28 subjects with AHA with life‐/limb‐threatening bleeding, rpFVIII reduced or stopped bleeding in all patients within 24 h. The cross‐reactivity of anti‐human FVIII antibodies to rpFVIII remains around 30–50%. Recently, new therapeutics based on the quite novel concepts have been developed and clinical studies are ongoing. These are humanized asymmetric antibody mimicking FVIIIa function by maintaining a suitable interaction between FIXa and FX (Emicizumab, ACE910), and small interfering RNAs (siRNA, ALN‐AT3) suppress liver production of AT through post‐transcriptional gene silencing and a humanized anti‐TFPI monoclonal antibody (Concizumab). Their main advantages are longer half‐life, subcutaneous applicability and efficacy irrespective of the presence of inhibitors which will make it easier to initiate more effective treatment especially early childhood.
Haemophilia treatment in 2030
Authors: Berntorp E. 
Published: July 2016

IntroductionLooking into the future is difficult and sometimes hazardous. A reliable look into haemophilia treatment in 2030 should be based on history and contemporary progress as well as dilemmas. Today, the issue of inhibitors overshadows the entire haemophilia community together with lack of treatment for large parts of the world's persons with haemophilia.AimsThe aim of this paper was to provide a perspective on haemophilia treatment in 2030 and its provenance.MethodsLiterature review on history, treatment of haemophilia today as well as of emerging therapies give a base for the author's opinion on haemophilia treatment in 2030.ResultsDevelopment of haemophilia treatment has virtually exploded during the last decade and a number of new clotting factor concentrates and alternative approaches are in the pipeline.ConclusionThe collection of treatment resources that we can see on the horizon gives hope that each person with haemophilia will get the care needed in 2030. The products used will be directed by individual needs and tailored to regional and local situations.
Extended half‐life clotting factor concentrates: results from published clinical trials
Authors: Young G. , Mahlangu J. N. 
Published: July 2016

Extended half‐life clotting factor concentrates have been recently introduced into the armamentarium of treatments for patients with haemophilia A and B. In general, the data from published studies have demonstrated these products to be safe with no inhibitors reported in previously treated patients and efficacious with the advantage of a longer half‐life allowing for less frequent intravenous infusions of factor. This enhanced convenience has led to some patients not previously on prophylaxis to begin prophylaxis while for others, especially children, has led to the ability to provide prophylaxis with reduced use of central venous catheters. The extended half‐life factor IX products are now allowing patients to dose every 1–2 weeks while maintaining higher trough levels while the extended half‐life factor VIII products have reduced the frequency of administration for patients on prophylaxis to as infrequent as once per week for some patients and to twice per week for all patients including younger children. It is important to note that data from previously untreated patients have not been published yet and the incidence for inhibitors in this patient population is as of yet unknown. The era of extended half‐life clotting factor products has begun and the challenge for the haemophilia community will be how to best integrate these products into haemophilia clinical practice.
How much information about the benefits of medicines is included in patient leaflets in the European Union? – A survey
Authors: Dickinson Rebecca , Raynor David K , Knapp Peter , MacDonald Jan 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Introduction
Patient information leaflets (PILs) are required with all licensed medicines throughout the European Union (EU) and they must include information about all side effects and their likelihood. This has led to criticism of a lack of balance, with little information included about potential benefits. Recent European Medicines Agency guidance proposed the inclusion of benefit information, and this study examined the current prevalence and type of such information in PILs in the EU.

Methods
A survey and content analysis of the English translation of PILs in the EUwas carried out. Random quota sampling was used on the most frequently dispensed (n = 50) and newly licensed medicines (n = 50) in 2011/2. Leaflets were searched for benefit information meeting predefined criteria, and data synthesised and categorised into 10 categories.

Results
Eighty-five (85%) leaflets described how the medicine works, with 45 providing information about the rationale for treatment (more commonly for newly licensed (32/50) than most commonly dispensed medicines (13/50; P &lt; 0.001). Nearly half (47) did not describe whether the medicine was curative, symptomatic or preventative. The terms used to communicate uncertainty were imprecise (such as ‘may help’). None communicated numerical benefit information.

Conclusion
Current PILs do not appropriately communicate information about benefit. At the basic level, around a half did not include information about treatment rationale or whether the treatment was to treat symptoms, curative or preventative. However, for true informed decision making, patients need quantitative information about benefits and none of the leaflets provided this.
Client and parent feedback on a Youth Mental Health Service: The importance of family inclusive practice and working with client preferences
Authors: Coates Dominiek 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn mental health settings, feedback from clients and carers is central to service evaluation, development and delivery. Increasingly, client and carer feedback is considered an integral part of service planning, and recognized as a critical element of the provision of recovery oriented service. This paper outlines the findings of a qualitative evaluation of a Youth Mental Health (YMH) service from the perspective of discharged clients and their parents. The service researcher conducted telephone interviews with 39 parents of discharged clients, and 17 young people themselves. Participants reported positive or mixed experiences with the service. In addition to more generic positive statements about the service, analysis identified two key themes: the importance of ‘family inclusive practice’ and the importance of ‘working with client preferences’. Young people and their parents want to be actively engaged in treatment and have their treatment preferences considered in treatment planning. Participants expressed the importance of “a good fit” between the client and the worker in terms of the clinician's gender, personality and treatment style/modality. While for some participants these themes were raised in the context of service strengths, others identified them as limitations or opportunities for service improvement. The extent to which clients and their parents felt engaged and heard by their allocated clinician is critical to their satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the service, depending on their unique experience. As an outcome of this evaluation, a range of service improvement strategies have been recommended.
Topical glycopyrrolate reduces axillary hyperhidrosis
Authors: Baker D.M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIntroductionOral anti‐cholinergic medications reduce generalized hyperhidrosis, but the effectiveness of topical anticholinergic solutions on axillary hyperhidrosis is unclear. This study determines the initial effectiveness of 1% and 2% topical glycopyrrolate spray and compares this with Botulinum toxin type A injections for the management of axillary hyperhidrosis.MethodsIn a non‐randomized, consecutive patient, prospective questionnaire, treatment comparison study, 40 patients with axillary hyperhidrosis were allocated to one of four study groups (10 patients to each group): (a) 1% glycopyrrolate spray, (b) 2% glycopyrrolate spray, (c) subcutaneous Botulinum toxin type A injections, (d) no treatment. Clinical outcomes were measured by comparing a prospectively administered questionnaire, completed both pre‐treatment and 6 weeks after starting treatment. Forty healthy volunteers without axillary hyperhidrosis completed the same questionnaire.ResultsThe three treatment groups showed a significant (P < 0.05) improvement in their hyperhidrosis scores following treatment. The degree of improvement was less for the 1% glycopyrrolate group when compared with the Botulinum toxin type A group (P < 0.05), but there was no difference in treatment outcomes between the 2% glycopyrrolate and Botulinum toxin type A groups. No treatment group experienced reduced hyperhidrosis to a level similar to those without hyperhidrosis. Patients in both, the 2% glycopyrrolate and Botulinum toxin type A groups reported a significant improvement in axillary hyperhidrosis symptoms. These included reduction in psychologically precipitating factors (e.g. public speaking) and axillary hyperhidrosis‐specific physical effects (e.g. limitation of clothing choice).ConclusionsTopical glycopyrrolate spray could provide a further treatment modality to manage axillary hyperhidrosis.
Beard infantile hemangioma and subglottic involvement: are median pattern and telangiectatic aspect the clue?
Authors: Piram M. , Hadj‐Rabia S. , Boccara O. , Couloigner V. , Hamel‐Teillac D. , Bodemer C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundIdentification of patient at risk of subglottic infantile hemangioma (IH) is challenging because subglottic IH can grow fast and cause airway obstruction with a fatal course.ObjectiveTo refine the cutaneous IH pattern at risk of subglottic IH.MethodsProspective and retrospective review of patients with cutaneous IH involving the beard area. IHs were classified in the bilateral pattern group (BH) or in the unilateral pattern group (UH). Infantile hemangioma topography, subtype (telangiectatic or tuberous), ear, nose and throat (ENT) manifestations and subglottic involvement were recorded.ResultsThirty‐one patients (21 BH and 10 UH) were included during a 20‐year span. Nineteen patients (16 BH and 3 UH) had subglottic hemangioma. BH and UH group overlap on the median pattern (tongue, gum, lips, chin and neck). Median pattern, particularly the neck area and telangiectatic subtype of IH were significantly associated with subglottic involvement.ConclusionPatients presenting with telangiectatic beard IH localized on the median area need early ENT exploration. They should be treated before respiratory symptoms occur.
A position statement on the management of patients with pityriasis rosea
Authors: Chuh A. , Zawar V. , Sciallis G. , Kempf W. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMany clinical trials have been conducted on the treatment of pityriasis rosea (PR). Our aim was to establish a position statement for the management of adults with PR based on the best available evidence. We searched PubMed for all reports on randomized controlled trials for the treatment of PR published in the past 30 years. We retrieved 14 articles reporting randomized controlled trials, and found five which met our quality requirements for in‐depth analyses. Erythromycin was found in a well‐conducted triple‐blind study to cast significant impacts on clinical outcomes. However, adverse gastrointestinal effects were fairly common. Another well‐conducted study on azithromycin reported no significant benefit. It was reported in three well‐conducted studies on oral acyclovir in low dose (400 mg three times daily for 7 days or 400 mg five times daily for 7 days) and high dose (800 mg five times daily for 7 days), that acyclovir is effective in attaining rash regression and lessening the pruritus. When compared against each other, the high‐dose regimen demonstrated no benefit over the low‐dose regimens. Our statement comprises the follows: (i) The diagnosis of PR should be ascertained; (ii) The patients should be assessed for rash severity and impacts on quality of life; (iii) PR is a self‐limiting disease, and most patients do not necessitate any treatment; (iv) For patients necessitating active treatment, oral acyclovir as 400 mg three times daily for 7 days can be considered; (v) Attention should be given to adverse effects and contraindications of acyclovir; (vi) When PR occurs in early pregnancy, oral antiviral therapy could be considered after consulting experienced clinicians; (vii) Inadequate information exists in the use of acyclovir to treatment PR in children and breastfeeding women; and (viii) Treating PR is an off‐label use of acyclovir, and this has to be discussed with experienced colleagues and the patients.