bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of infant massage on state anxiety in mothers of preterm infants prior to hospital discharge
Authors: Afand Nahid , Keshavarz Maryam , Fatemi Naiemeh Seyed , Montazeri Ali 
Published: August 2016

Aims and objectivesThis study evaluated the effect of infant massage on anxiety in mothers of preterm infants who discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit.BackgroundBirth of preterm infants commonly leads to great levels of distress and anxiety in mothers. Although various methods have been suggested to help mothers cope with such stressful conditions, the effects of infant massage have not been adequately studied in mothers.DesignThis was a quasi‐experimental clinical trial.MethodsOverall, in 70 mothers and their preterm infants who scheduled to be discharged within 24 hours, State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory scale (Spielberger) was completed for mothers in both groups in the morning of the day before discharge. The experimental group received eight minutes of massage including two standard similar parts (each part four minutes). The massage was repeated in two parts on the day of discharge, and then, state anxiety was re‐measured using Spielberg's scale for all mothers. The control group received no intervention.ResultsThe results showed that on the day of discharge, there was a significant difference in the overall mean score of maternal state anxiety between the two groups (p < 0·002), although not in the severity of maternal state anxiety. In both groups, the mean score of maternal state anxiety was significantly decreased on the day of discharge (p < 0·001).ConclusionsThe findings provide evidence that infant massage by mother has an effect on the state anxiety of mothers of preterm infants, so it is recommended that mothers apply massage for preterm infants to improve their mental health.Relevance to clinical practiceMothers of preterm infants can promote mental health by continuing massage of their infants at home.
Effect of Experimental Palatal Prosthesis on Voice Onset Time
Authors: Hattori Mariko , Sumita Yuka I. , Elbashti Mahmoud E. , Kurtz Kenneth S. , Taniguchi Hisashi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPurposeObjective evaluation of a patient's speech is needed in prosthetic dentistry because the prostheses can affect the intelligibility of speech. Measurement of voice onset time is one evaluation method of consonant production used in phonetic science. The purpose of this study was to confirm the influence of a palatal prosthesis on consonant production by measuring voice onset time.Materials and MethodsIn this study, voice onset time was measured in 10 healthy women (mean age 26.5 years) under two conditions: with and without an experimental palatal prosthesis. In this study, voice onset time of /ta/ and /ka/ were used to determine the effect of wearing a palatal prosthesis; /pa/ was tested as a control, with the null hypothesis that voice onset time of /ta/ and /ka/ would not change when wearing a palatal prosthesis.ResultsMedial voice onset time of /pa/, /ta/, and /ka/ syllables without the palatal prosthesis was 22.5 ms, 19.5 ms, and 42.5 ms, whereas that with the palatal prosthesis was 22.5 ms, 23.5 ms, and 55.0 ms. Voice onset times for /ta/ and /ka/ were prolonged when wearing the experimental palatal prosthesis, whereas /pa/ showed no significant difference.ConclusionConsonant production was affected by wearing a palatal prosthesis, and this change in sound was detected by measuring voice onset time.
Nitrate uptake varies with tide height and nutrient availability in the intertidal seaweed Fucus vesiculosus
Authors: Benes Kylla M. , Bracken Matthew E. S. 
Published: August 2016

Intertidal seaweeds must cope with a suite of stressors imposed by aerial exposure at low tide, including nutrient limitation due to emersion. Seaweeds can access nutrients only when submerged, so individuals living higher compared to lower on the shore may have adaptations allowing them to acquire sufficient amounts of nutrients to survive and maintain growth. Using a combination of observations and experiments, we aimed to identify intraspecific variation in nitrate uptake rates across the intertidal distribution of F. vesiculosus, as well as test for acclimation in response to a change in tide height. We replicated our study at sites spanning nearly the entire Gulf of Maine coastline, to examine how local environmental variability may alter intraspecific variation in nitrate uptake. We found that average nitrate uptake rates were ~18% higher in upper compared to lower intertidal Fucus vesiculosus. Furthermore, we found evidence for both acclimation and adaptation to tide height during a transplant experiment. F. vesiculosus transplanted from the lower to the upper intertidal zone was characterized by increased nitrate uptake, but individuals transplanted from the upper to the lower intertidal zone retained high uptake rates. Our observations differed among Gulf of Maine regions and among time points of our study. Importantly, these differences may reflect associations between nitrate uptake rates and abiotic environmental conditions and seaweed nutrient status. Our study highlights the importance of long‐term variation in ambient nutrient supply in driving intraspecific variation of seaweeds across the intertidal gradient and local and seasonal variation in ambient nutrient levels in mediating intraspecific differences.
PRIVATE CONSERVATION IN TURF‐MANAGED FISHERIES
Authors: COSTELLO CHRISTOPHER , KAFFINE DANIEL 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSpatial property rights in the ocean, such as territorial user right fisheries (TURFs), are increasingly used to overcome the tragedy of the commons. TURFs engender vastly different fishing incentives than in a common pool race; while this likely enhances conservation beyond an open access setting, conservation organizations may desire even greater protection. We argue that because TURFs are property rights, their implementation opens the door for “private conservation,” for example, where a conservation organization would purchase a set of TURFs to create an un‐fished marine reserve network. This possibility has interesting implications for biodiversity conservation, fishery management, and economic incentives, yet has received almost no attention in the literature. We examine this issue in a numerical spatial‐dynamic bioeconomic fishery model. Among other novel findings, we show: (i) Private acquisition of TURFs is likely to be a relatively inexpensive marine conservation strategy, particularly if the conservationist can capture some of the “conservation rents” that accrue due to spillover; (ii) Accounting for the strategic response of remaining fishermen can significantly reduce the cost of conservation; and (iii) The degree of fishing cooperation across TURFs plays a pivotal role in the costs of conservation; more‐cooperative TURF owners engage in more “free” conservation, dramatically reducing the overall costs of achieving a particular conservation target.
Service users’ expectations of treatment and support at the Community Mental Health Centre in their recovery
Authors: Biringer Eva , Davidson Larry , Sundfør Bengt , Ruud Torleif , Borg Marit 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundFocus on service users’ needs, coping and empowerment, user involvement, and comprehensiveness are supposed to be key elements of the Community Mental Health Centres in Norway. Taking a user‐oriented approach means acknowledging the individual's own expectations, aims and hopes. However, studies that have investigated service users’ expectations of treatment and support at Community Mental Health Centres are hard to find.ObjectiveThe aim of the study was therefore to explore service users’ expectations at the start of treatment at a Community Mental Health Centre.MethodWithin a collaborative framework, taking a hermeneutic‐phenomenological approach, ten service users participated in in‐depth interviews about their expectations, hopes and aims for treatment and recovery. The participants sought help due to various mental health issues that had interfered with their lives and created disability and suffering. A data‐driven stepwise approach in line with thematic analysis was used. The study was approved by the Norwegian Social Science Data Services.ResultsThe following four main themes representing participants’ expectations at the start of treatment were elicited: hope for recovery, developing understanding, finding tools for coping and receiving counselling and practical assistance. Participants’ expectations about treatment were tightly interwoven with their personal aims and hopes for their future life, and expectations were often related to practical and financial problems, the solution of which being deemed necessary to gain a safe basis for recovery in the long run.LimitationsThe transferability of the results may be limited by the small number of participants.ConclusionsThe study emphasises how important it is that service users’ personal aims and expectations guide the collaborative treatment process. In addition to providing treatment aimed at improving symptoms, Community Mental Health Centres should take a more comprehensive approach than today by providing more support with family issues, social life, education, work and financial issues.
Running injuries in novice runners enrolled in different training interventions: a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Baltich J. , Emery C. A. , Whittaker J. L. , Nigg B. M. 
Published: August 2016

The purpose of this trial was to evaluate injury risk in novice runners participating in different strength training interventions. This was a pilot randomized controlled trial. Novice runners (n = 129, 18–60 years old, <2 years recent running experience) were block randomized to one of three groups: a “resistance” strength training group, a “functional” strength training group, or a stretching “control” group. The primary outcome was running related injury. The number of participants with complaints and the injury rate (IR = no. injuries/1000 running hours) were quantified for each intervention group. For the first 8 weeks, participants were instructed to complete their training intervention three to five times a week. The remaining 4 months was a maintenance period. Trial registration: NCT01900262. A total of 52 of the 129 (40%) novice runners experienced at least one running related injury: 21 in the functional strength training program, 16 in the resistance strength training program and 15 in the control stretching program. Injury rates did not differ between study groups [IR = 32.9 (95% CI 20.8, 49.3) in the functional group, IR = 31.6 (95% CI 18.4, 50.5) in the resistance group, and IR = 26.7 (95% CI 15.2, 43.2)] in the control group. Although this was a pilot assessment, home‐based strength training did not appear to alter injury rates compared to stretching. Future studies should consider methods to minimize participant drop out to allow for the assessment of injury risk. Injury risk in novice runners based on this pilot study will inform the development of future larger studies investigating the impact of injury prevention interventions.
Analyses of Pretherapy Peripheral Immunoscore and Response to Vaccine Therapy
Authors: Farsaci Benedetto , Donahue Renee N. , Grenga Italia , Lepone Lauren M. , Kim Peter S. , Dempsey Brendan , Siebert Janet C. , Ibrahim Nuhad K. , Madan Ravi A. , Heery Christopher R. , Gulley James L. , Schlom Jeffrey 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Tumor immunoscore analyses, especially for primary colorectal cancer and melanoma lesions, provide valuable prognostic information. Metastatic lesions of many carcinoma types, however, are often not easily accessible. We hypothesized that immune cells in peripheral blood may differ among individual patients with metastatic disease, which, in turn, may influence their response to immunotherapy. We thus analyzed immune cell subsets within peripheral blood mononuclear cells to determine if a "peripheral immunoscore" could have any prognostic significance for patients before receiving immunotherapy. Patients with metastatic breast cancer were randomly assigned to receive docetaxel ± PANVAC vaccine. In another trial, prostate cancer patients with metastatic bone lesions were randomly assigned to receive a bone-seeking radionuclide ± PROSTVAC vaccine. Predefined analyses of "classic" immune cell types (CD4, CD8, natural killer cells, regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and ratios) revealed no differences in progression-free survival (PFS) for either arm in both trials. Predefined analyses of refined immune cell subsets for which a biologic function had been previously reported also showed no significant prognostic value in PFS for patients receiving either docetaxel or radionuclide alone; however, in patients receiving these agents in combination with vaccine, the peripheral immunoscore of refined subsets revealed statistically significant differences in PFS (P &lt; 0.001) for breast cancer patients receiving docetaxel plus vaccine, and in prostate cancer patients receiving radionuclide plus vaccine (P = 0.004). Larger randomized studies will be required to validate these findings. These studies, however, provide the rationale for the evaluation of refined immune cell subsets to help determine which patients may benefit most from immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(9); 755–65. ©2016 AACR.
The first elateroid beetles (Coleoptera: Polyphaga: Elateroidea) from the Upper Jurassic of Australia
Authors: OBERPRIELER ROLF G. , ASHMAN LAUREN G. , FRESE MICHAEL , ŚLIPIŃSKI ADAM 
Published: August 2016

The first elateroid fossils from the Upper Jurassic Talbragar Fish Bed in Australia are described and illustrated. Wongaroo amplipectorale gen. et sp. n., based on two specimens, is placed in the family Cerophytidae due to its convex, posteriorly weakly angled and laterally carinate pronotum obscuring the head in dorsal view, its relatively long, pointed elytra and slender legs, its 9-striate elytra with deep basal pits and the absence of metacoxal plates. Beattieellus jurassicus gen. et sp. n., described from one specimen, possesses the acutely angled pronotum without a carina on the posterolateral angles and the ventral click apparatus typical of Eucnemidae and is classified in this family. Assignment of it to a eucnemid subfamily is impossible because of the insufficient preservation of relevant characters in the fossil. Four other elateroid fossils, possibly representing eucnemids and elaterids, are illustrated and briefly described but not named, due to their insufficient preservation. These fossils represent the first of their kind in Australia and in the Southern Hemisphere, and Beattieellus is also the oldest eucnemid fossil known and extends the fossil record of Eucnemidae into the Upper Jurassic. The discovery of elateroid fossils in the Talbragar Fish Bed adds to the coleopteran diversity of this ancient lake ecosystem, indicating that it was well wooded and provided suitable habitats of rotten wood for the development of the larvae of these taxa.
An integrated model for supplier selection in the public procurement sector of defence
Authors: Nikou Christodoulos , Moschuris Socrates J. , Filiopoulos Ioannis 
Published: August 2016

Public procurement in defence includes the supplier selection issue. The purpose of this article is to suggest a model that combines Analytic Hierarchy Process with Voronoi Diagrams/Thiessen Polygons and Reilly’s law in order to propose a way to effectively use European Directive 2009/81/article 23. It also endeavours to expand the model by providing tools that increase its applicability, as well as providing a flexible and cost-effective tool for supplier selection to public procurement managers, allowing quick decision-making. It is also applicable in the correspondent private sector. Points for practitioners The model attempts to enrich supplier selection methods in the public procurement of defence. Its analysis may assist in: assessing potential suppliers more objectively, using a combination of well-established tools; presenting results to management that may reduce budgetary planning and avoid supply disruptions; enhancing the spirit of cooperation among departments of an organization/agency. It allows the joining of mathematics with experience and an important aspect of the legal frame in the public procurement of defence. Practitioners may also conclude that it is expandable to other sectors due to its flexibility.
Bimodal Stimulation in Prelingually Deaf Children
Authors: Scorpecci Alessandro , Giannantonio Sara , Pacifico Concettina , Marsella Pasquale 
Published: August 2016

Objective(1) To survey the use of bimodal stimulation by prelingually deaf children receiving unilateral cochlear implantation and (2) to investigate demographic and audiologic factors explaining the use of bimodal stimulation.Study DesignCross‐sectional survey.SettingTertiary care institution.Subjects and MethodsThe study included 44 unilaterally implanted prelingually deaf children from a single institution, with a minimum follow‐up of 1 year. During routine follow‐up visits, an examiner interviewed parents on their children’s use of bimodal stimulation. At the same time, residual hearing and hearing aid gain in the contralateral ear were assessed.ResultsApproximately half of patients (52%) used bimodal stimulation. On average, bimodal users showed better mean unaided and aided thresholds than nonbimodal users (P <. 001). A mean 250‐ to 500‐Hz unaided threshold ≤90 dB HL in the contralateral, nonimplanted ear was associated with a higher probability of bimodal use (P =. 008). Parental satisfaction with the contralateral hearing aid was inversely correlated with mean 125‐ to 500‐Hz and 1000‐ to 4000‐Hz unaided thresholds (P <. 001) and mean 250‐ to 500‐Hz and 1000‐ to 4000‐Hz aided thresholds (P <. 001).ConclusionsA mean 250‐ to 500‐Hz unaided threshold ≤90 dB HL is associated with a higher probability of bimodal use by prelingually deaf children. Better residual hearing is associated with a higher degree of parental satisfaction with the contralateral hearing aid. This information could be useful to counsel parents of prelingually deaf children, when deciding between bimodal stimulation and simultaneous bilateral cochlear implantation.
What Factors Influence Pioneering Advantage of Companies?
Authors: Mittal Sharad , Swami Sanjeev 
Published: August 2016

Rapid rate of change in technologies, markets, and other environmental factors makes order of entry as one of the most crucial decisions for business survival and performance in today's world. Pioneering (first-mover) is an important strategy for a firm in today's dynamic and competitive environment. Researchers have shown that, in the developed markets of the world, the pioneers have better performance and profitability than the followers. In this paper, the authors develop a conceptual framework to explain the various factors that might influence a firm's pioneering efforts in the Indian market. They propose specific hypotheses regarding the effect of order of entry on performance (market share, sales, return on investment, and profit before tax) and strategic components (R&D, advertising, promotion, and distribution). They also propose additional hypotheses to examine the association between the strategies and performance, variations within the pioneers group, and the moderating effect of competitive environment on the other relationships. The authors use secondary data from the CMIE PROWESS database to test the various hypotheses. The sample consists of 394 companies across 32 industry segments which include consumer goods industries such as fast-moving consumer goods, beverages, and consumer durables and industrial goods industries such as cables and mining. They have used the same sample of companies at three different points of time (1993, 1997, and 2001) to test the various hypotheses. The sampling frame is the list of Top 500 Indian companies (Business World, October 7, 2002). The results confirm the following aspects: In general, the pioneers perform better than the followers and firms which enter early into the market have larger sales, market share, and profit than followers. Firms which enter first into the market are generally more aggressive in pursuing various strategies such as R&D, advertising, promotion, and distribution. Investments in strategies create entry barriers for competitors who may find it difficult to compete with existing firms as resource requirements are quite high in this scenario. Pioneering advantage seems to be a long-term competitive advantage for busi- nesses as pioneers' performance is consistently better than that of the followers over the years. Although the pioneering effect starts reducing over time in terms of market share, profit margins for pioneers are higher even after considerable length of time. The authors find that there are large variations in the performance within the pioneers group itself which indicates that there are other factors also, apart from order of entry, with potential bearing on firm's performance. The results show that performance (market share) and strategic variables are closely related and dependent upon each other. Further, they find that the effect of order of entry on performance is stronger for those firms that operate in less intense competitive environment than those that operate in more intense competitive environment.