bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antidepressant or Antipsychotic Overdose in the Intensive Care Unit – Identification of Patients at Risk
Authors: Borg Linda , Julkunen Anna , Rørbæk Madsen Kristian , Strøm Thomas , Toft Palle 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIt is often advised that patients who have ingested an overdose of antidepressants (AD) or antipsychotics (AP) are monitored with continuous ECG for minimum of 12–24 hr. These patients are often observed in an ICU. Our aim was to identify the number of patients with AD and/or AP overdose without adverse signs at hospital admission that turned out to need intensive care treatment. The effect of the antidepressants overdose risk assessment (ADORA) system was evaluated in patients with antidepressant as well as antipsychotic overdose. Our hypothesis was that patients with low ADORA do not need intensive care treatment. This retrospective study was conducted in adult patients admitted to the ICU at Odense University Hospital after an overdose with AP and/or AD between 1 January 2009 and 1 September 2014. Patients with predefined adverse signs in the emergency department were excluded due to obvious need of intensive care. Of the 157 patients included, 12 patients (8%) developed events during the ICU stay. Only 3 patients received intubation, vasoactive drugs and/or dialysis. None developed ventricular dysrhythmias. There were no fatalities. All the patients with low‐risk assessment by ADORA within the first 6 hr did not develop events within the first 24 hr after hospital admission. The vast majority of patients with AD and/or AP overdose and no adverse signs at admission did not require intensive care treatment. Low‐risk ADORA identified patients with antidepressant as well as antipsychotic overdose who would not require initial intensive care treatment. This is the first time the ADORA system has been evaluated in patients with antidepressant as well as antipsychotic overdose.
Consumer evaluation and satisfaction with individual versus group parent training for children with hyperkinetic disorder (HKD)
Authors: Heubeck Bernd G. , Otte Thomas A. , Lauth Gerhard W. 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to investigate the social validity of cognitive‐behavioural parent training (CBPT) delivered in two formats to parents who have children with hyperkinetic disorder (HKD) with and without medication.DesignCompared individual with group treatment as part of a multicentre randomized controlled trial.MethodObtained a broad range of evaluations and satisfaction ratings post‐treatment and related them to pre‐treatment and treatment factors.ResultsAttendance rates were high in the individual and slightly less in the group training. Levels of satisfaction were high in both treatment arms with large numbers rating the outcomes, the trainers and the overall training very favourably. Medication showed no effect on parental evaluations. Evaluation of outcomes and satisfaction with the trainer emerged as strong predictors of overall programme satisfaction.ConclusionThe social validity of cognitive‐behavioural parent training for hyperkinetic children was supported by high levels of treatment acceptability across a range of indicators and for children with and without medication.Practitioner points
Both forms of treatment delivery lead to high rates of consumer satisfaction.
Consumer evaluations of CBPT appear independent of medication for HKD.
Course satisfaction is clearly associated with two factors that trainers can affect: The parent–trainer relationship and parents' sense of achievement.
Limitations include the following
Far more mothers than fathers attended the trainings.
Attitudes may differ in other cultures.
The role of cardiopulmonary bypass in lung transplantation
Authors: Mohite Prashant N. , Sabashnikov Anton , Patil Nikhil P. , Garcia‐Saez Diana , Zych Bartlomeij , Zeriouh Mohamed , Romano Rosalba , Soresi Simona , Reed Anna , Carby Martin , De Robertis Fabio , Bahrami Toufan , Amrani Mohamed , Marczin Nandor , Simon Andre R. , Popov Aron‐Frederik 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe risk–benefit for utilizing cardio‐pulmonary bypass (CPB) in lung transplantation (LTx) remains debatable. This study compares outcomes after LTx utilizing different CPB strategies – elective CPB vs. off‐pump vs. off‐pump with unplanned conversion to CPB.MethodsA total of 302 LTx performed over seven yr were divided into three groups: “off‐pump” group (n = 86), “elective on‐pump” group (n = 162), and “conversion” group (n = 54). The preoperative donor and recipient demographics and baseline characteristics and the postoperative outcomes were analyzed; 1:1 propensity score matching was used to identify patients operated upon using elective CPB who had risk profiles similar to those operated upon off‐pump (propensity‐matching 1) as well as those emergently converted from off‐pump to CPB (propensity‐matching 2).ResultsPreoperative group demographic characteristics were comparable; however, the “off‐pump” patient group was significantly older. The “conversion” group had a significantly greater number of patients with primary pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary fibrosis, preoperative mechanical ventilation, and preoperative extracorporeal life support (ECLS). Postoperatively, patients from the “conversion” group had significantly poorer PaO2/FiO2 ratios upon arrival in intensive care unit (ICU) and at 24, 48, and 72 h postoperatively, and they required more prolonged ventilation, longer ICU admission, and they experienced an increased need for ECLS than the other groups. Overall, cumulative survival at one, two, and three yr was significantly worse in patients from the “conversion” group compared to the “off‐pump” and “elective on‐pump” groups – 61.9% vs. 94.4% vs. 86.9%, 54.4% vs. 90.6% vs. 79.5% and 39.8% vs. 78.1% vs. 74.3%, respectively (p < 0.001). The “off‐pump” group had significantly better PaO2/FiO2 ratios, and a significantly shorter duration of ventilation, ICU stay, and hospital length of stay when compared to the propensity‐matched “elective on‐pump” group. There were no statistically significant differences in postoperative outcomes and overall survival between the “converted” group and the propensity‐matched “elective on‐pump” group.ConclusionsDespite segregation of unplanned CPB conversion cases from elective on‐pump cases, patients with comparable preoperative demographic/risk profiles demonstrated better early postoperative outcomes and, possibly, an improved early survival with an off‐pump strategy. A considerable proportion of high‐risk patients require intraoperative conversion from off‐pump to CPB, and this seems associated with suboptimal outcomes; however, there is no significant benefit to employing an elective on‐pump strategy over emergent conversion in the high‐risk group.
Fine needle aspiration cytology features of poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Purkait S. , Agarwal S. , Mathur S. R. , Jain D. , Iyer V. K. 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundPoorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) is an uncommon thyroid malignancy with biological behaviour intermediate between well‐differentiated and undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma. The cytological diagnosis of PDTC is often difficult as a result of a lack of well‐established cytomorphological features and a considerable degree of morphological overlap with other commoner thyroid neoplasms.ObjectiveTo review the cytomorphological features of PDTC with the aim of highlighting salient diagnostic morphological features and differential diagnostic problems.MethodsSeven cases of histologically proven PDTC with available aspiration cytology smears were reviewed for the presence of distinguishing cytomorphological features.ResultsThe architectural arrangement of tumour cells was the most important diagnostic parameter. Cellular nests, three‐dimensional clusters dyscohesive aggregates and singly dispersed cells in the background were present in all cases. A unique ‘garlanded appearance’, owing to the peripheral orientation of nuclei within the tumour cell clusters, was noted (71.4%) along with the presence of basement membrane‐like material (71.4%). Transgressing vessels (85.7%) and endothelial wrapping of cell clusters (71.4%) were also noted. Interestingly, most cases lacked necrosis and mitotic activity that are included in the histological diagnostic criteria for PDTC.ConclusionAlthough PDTC has considerable cytomorphological overlap with well‐differentiated thyroid tumours, this present study highlights certain cytomorphological features that may suggest the correct pre‐operative diagnosis, important for the appropriate management.
Left Ventricular Longitudinal and Circumferential Layer‐Specific Myocardial Strains and Their Determinants in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Shi Jing , Pan Cuizhen , Kong Dehong , Cheng Leilei , Shu Xianhong 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundThe reference values and impact of physiologic variables on echocardiographic quantification of left ventricular (LV) longitudinal and circumferential layer‐specific myocardial strains in large series of healthy persons remain unknown. This study prospectively investigated the impact of age, gender, and other physiologic parameters on LV longitudinal and circumferential layer‐specific myocardial strains.Methods119 healthy volunteers (age range, 22–76; 50% women) underwent echocardiography. Short‐axis (for circumferential strain) and apical (for longitudinal strain) views were analyzed using modified speckle tracking software enabling the analysis of strains in three myocardial layers.ResultsIn normal subjects, longitudinal and circumferential strain was highest in the endocardium and lowest in the epicardium, longitudinal and circumferential three‐layer strain was highest in the apex and lowest in the base. The mean global longitudinal strain in the endocardial layer (GLS‐endo), in the mid‐myocardial layer (GLS‐mid) and in the epicardial layer (GLS‐epi) were −24.3 ± 3.1%, −21.3 ± 2.9%, and −18.9 ± 2.8%, respectively. Gender, HR, and SV (stroke volume) were independent predictors of GLS‐endo, GLS‐mid, and GLS‐epi. The mean global circumferential strain in the endocardial layer (GCS‐endo), in the mid‐myocardial layer (GCS‐mid) and in the epicardial layer (GCS‐epi) were −34.3 ± 4.4%, −20.5 ± 3.0%, and −11.8 ± 2.7%, respectively. HR independently predicted GCS‐endo, GCS‐mid, and GCS‐epi.ConclusionsThree‐layer analysis of longitudinal and circumferential strain using two‐dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2DSTI) can be performed on a clinical basis and may become an important method for the assessment of real time, quantitative global, and regional LV function.
Day vs. night predation on artificial caterpillars in primary rainforest habitats – an experimental approach
Authors: Seifert Carlo L. , Schulze Christian H. , Dreschke Tobias C. T. , Frötscher Heinrich , Fiedler Konrad 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe influence of natural enemies has led to the evolution of various predator avoidance strategies in herbivorous insects. Many caterpillars are exclusively active at night and rest during the day. It is widely assumed that nocturnal activity in caterpillars reduces their risk of falling prey to their natural enemies. To test this hypothesis, we compared predation pressure between day and night in tree‐fall gaps and closed‐canopy forest sites in an Amazonian primary lowland rainforest. Artificial clay caterpillars, showing camouflaged colouration (green), were exposed as potential prey to a natural predator community. Attacks were significantly more frequent during daytime and were reduced by about a quarter at night in tree‐fall gaps, and by a third in closed‐canopy forest sites. This supports the idea of time‐dependent activity in caterpillars as an antipredatory adaptation. Further, independent of the time of day, predation pressure on caterpillars was significantly higher in tree‐fall gaps compared to closed‐canopy forest habitats. Nearly all predation events were caused by arthropods, whereas birds played a negligible role. Across both habitat types and time scales, ants acted as major predator group, emphasising their important role in population control of herbivorous insects in lowland rainforest ecosystems. This is the first experimental study using artificial caterpillars to examine whether time‐scheduling of exposition might influence predation risk amongst undefended, solitary, free‐living lepidopteran larvae.
Continuous exposure to the deterrents cis‐jasmone and methyl jasmonate does not alter the behavioural responses of Frankliniella occidentalis
Authors: Egger Barbara , Spangl Bernhard , Koschier Elisabeth Helene 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBehavioural responses of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), a generalist, cell sap‐feeding insect species with piercing‐sucking mouthparts, after continuous exposure to two deterrent secondary plant compounds are investigated. We compared in choice assays on bean leaf discs, the settling, feeding, and oviposition preferences of F. occidentalis females that had no experience with the two fatty acid derivatives methyl jasmonate and cis‐jasmone before testing (naïve thrips) vs. females that had been exposed to the deterrent compounds before testing (experienced thrips). The thrips were exposed to the deterrents at low or high concentrations for varied time periods and subsequently tested on bean leaf discs treated with the respective deterrent at either a low or a high concentration. Frankliniella occidentalis females avoided settling on the deterrent‐treated bean leaf discs for an observation period of 6 h, independent of their previous experience. Our results demonstrate that feeding and oviposition deterrence of the jasmonates to the thrips were not altered by continuous exposure of the thrips to the jasmonates. Habituation was not induced, neither by exposure to the low concentration of the deterrents nor by exposure to the high concentration. These results indicate that the risk of habituation to two volatile deterrent compounds after repeated exposure is not evident in F. occidentalis. This makes the two compounds potential candidates to be integrated in pest management strategies.
An astigmatid defence volatile against a phytoseiid mite
Authors: Midthassel Audun , Leather Simon , Wright Denis J. , Baxter Ian H. , Farman Dudley I. , Cork Alan 
Published: December 2015

AbstractNumerous semiochemicals have been isolated from several species of astigmatid mites with various identified or unidentified functions. Alarm pheromonal activity is widespread with neryl formate and neral, being the most common compounds eliciting alarm response in conspecifics. The cosmopolitan astigmatid mite Suidasia medanensis (= S. pontifica) Oudemans (Acari: Suidasidae) has been reported to use neral as an alarm pheromone, but neral can also act as an allomone towards predators of oribatid mites. Suidasia medanensis can be utilised as a factitious prey for mass‐rearing of the phytoseiid predatory mite Amblyseius (= Typhlodromips) swirskii (Athias‐Henriot) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), which is used for biological control of insect and mite pests in protected crops. This study investigated the potential defence properties of the S. medanensis volatiles against A. swirskii, comparing the repellency to pollen‐reared (naïve) vs. S. medanensis‐reared (experienced) predators using a synthetic blend of the isomers neral and geranial (1:1) as a model compound. In a repellency bioassay, the synthetic blend elicited a significant repellence to A. swirskii with no difference between naïve and experienced predators. During capture success studies, S. medanensis under repeated attack could release sufficient quantities of the defence volatile to deter 1–5 attacks from A. swirskii, whereas hexane‐treated S. medanensis artificially depleted of volatiles were significantly more vulnerable to an attack. This is the first report of an astigmatid defence volatile with repellent activity to a phytoseiid mite and the starting point to understanding semiochemical interactions in any current or novel factitious predator‐prey mass‐rearing system.
Interaction between lithification and resource availability in the microbialites of Río Mesquites, Cuatro Ciénegas, México
Authors: Corman J. R. , Poret‐Peterson A. T. , Uchitel A. , Elser J. J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractLithified microbial structures (microbialites) have been present on Earth for billions of years. Lithification may impose unique constraints on microbes. For instance, when CaCO3forms, phosphate may be captured via coprecipitation and/or adsorption and potentially rendered unavailable for biological uptake. Therefore, the growth of microbes associated with CaCO3may be phosphorus‐limited. In this study, we compared the effects of resource addition on biogeochemical functions of microbial communities associated with microbialites and photoautotrophic microbial communities not associated with CaCO3deposition in Río Mesquites, Cuatro Ciénegas, México. We also manipulated rates of CaCO3deposition in microbialites to determine whether lithification reduces the bioavailability of phosphorus (P). We found that P additions significantly increased rates of gross primary production (F2,13 = 103.9,P < 0.001), net primary production (F2,13 = 129.6,P < 0.0001) and ecosystem respiration (F2,13 = 6.44,P < 0.05) in the microbialites, while P addition had no effect on photoautotrophic production in the non‐CaCO3‐associated microbial communities. Growth of the non‐CaCO3‐associated phototrophs was only marginally stimulated when nitrogen and P were added simultaneously (F1,36 = 3.98,P = 0.053). In the microbialites, resource additions led to some shifts in the abundance of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Cyanobacteria but mostly had little effect on bacterial community composition. Ca2+uptake rates increased significantly with organic carbon additions (F1,13 = 8.02,P < 0.05). Lowering of CaCO3deposition by decreasing calcium concentrations in the water led to increased microbial biomass accumulation rates in terms of both organic carbon (F4,48 = 5.23,P < 0.01) and P (F6,48 = 13.91,P < 0.001). These results provide strong evidence in support of a role of lithification in controlling P limitation of microbialite communities.
Fossil forests in the Austral Basin (Argentina) marking a Cenomanian heterogeneous forced regressive surface
Authors: Varela A. N. , Iglesias A. , Poiré D. , Zamuner A. , Richiano S. , Brea M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe mid‐Cretaceous greenhouse period in the southern Patagonia Argentina (Austral Basin) is represented by the Mata Amarilla Formation. It is composed of three informal sections which were deposited in littoral and continental environments. The boundary between the lower and middle sections of the Mata Amarilla Formation shows a drastic reduction in accommodation/sediment supply (A/S) ratio, interpreted as a forced regressive surface. This surface is characterized by a well‐developed palaeosol, associated with the extensive preservation of a podocarp‐dominated fossil forest over a vast area (more than 5400 km2). Sedimentological and palaeopedological analyses, in conjunction with forest structure, tree density and growth ring analyses, indicate that the mid‐Cenomanian forced regression can be distinguished as a non‐uniform surface developed over a short period of time. This sequence boundary is recognized through a heterogeneous regional surface, delimited in the western part of the study area by an erosional surface generated by a large lateral channel migration recorded by sheet‐like channel deposits with transported logs. By comparison, towards the eastern part of the study area, it appears as a paraconformity bounded by a very mature vertic Alfisol, which may have taken 40–100 ky to develop, and the preservation of a fossil forest in life position with a minimum age of 337 years. It is concluded that the extensive presence of these fossil forests at the same stratigraphic level in a vast region respond to changes in A/S ratio in a forced regressive surface at basin scale.
Climate and land use changes will degrade the configuration of the landscape for titi monkeys in eastern Brazil
Authors: Gouveia Sidney F. , Souza‐Alves João Pedro , Rattis Ludmila , Dobrovolski Ricardo , Jerusalinsky Leandro , Beltrão‐Mendes Raone , Ferrari Stephen F. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractLand use changes have profound effects on populations of Neotropical primates, and ongoing climate change is expected to aggravate this scenario. The titi monkeys from eastern Brazil (Callicebus personatus group) have been particularly affected by this process, with four of the five species now allocated to threatened conservation status categories. Here, we estimate the changes in the distribution of these titi monkeys caused by changes in both climate and land use. We also use demographic‐based, functional landscape metrics to assess the magnitude of the change in landscape conditions for the distribution predicted for each species. We built species distribution models (SDMs) based on maximum entropy for current and future conditions (2070), allowing for different global circulation models and contrasting scenarios of glasshouse gas concentrations. We refined the SDMs using a high‐resolution map of habitat remnants. We then calculated habitat availability and connectivity based on home‐range size and the dispersal limitations of the individual, in the context of a predicted loss of 10% of forest cover in the future. The landscape configuration is predicted to be degraded for all species, regardless of the climatic settings. This include reductions in the total cover of forest remnants, patch size and functional connectivity. As the landscape configuration should deteriorate severely in the future for all species, the prevention of further loss of populations will only be achieved through habitat restoration and reconnection to counteract the negative effects for these and several other co‐occurring species.