bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxidative stability and microstructure of 5% fish‐oil‐enriched granola bars added natural antioxidants derived from brown alga Fucus vesiculosus
Authors: Karadağ Ayşe , Hermund Ditte B. , Jensen Louise Helene Søgaard , Andersen Ulf , Jónsdóttir Rósa , Kristinsson Hordur G. , Alasalvar Cesarettin , Jacobsen Charlotte 
Published: July 2016

The aims of this study were to (i) investigate the ability of Icelandic brown algae Fucus vesiculosus extracts to inhibit lipid oxidation in granola bars fortified with fish oil‐in‐water emulsion; (ii) investigate whether addition of the seaweed extracts affected the physical microstructure of the oil droplets in granola bars. The oxidative stability of the bars at 20°C was evaluated over a period of 10 wk by measuring the development of peroxides and volatile compounds using dynamic headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry (DHS GC‐MS). The physical microstructure was determined using microscopy. All extracts − except water extract in low concentration − reduced lipid oxidation during 10 wk of storage when added in a concentration of 0.5 or 1 g extract/100 g emulsion. Ethanol (EE) and acetone extracts (AE) (in the lowest concentration) were found to be most efficient as antioxidants in the bars. The antioxidant efficacy of these two extracts was among other related to an improved incorporation of the fish oil‐in‐water emulsions in the bars, high total phenolic content, high radical scavenging activity together with high interfacial affinity of phenolic compounds and probably regeneration of tocopherol.Practical applications: The work showed the application potential of F. vesiculosus extracts as a natural antioxidant in low‐moisture foods such as granola bars. These findings implied that the multi‐functional nature of these extracts provides not only oxidative stability of the food but also a physical stability.Granola bars enriched with 10% Sodium caseinate (Na‐Cas) fish oil‐in‐water emulsion where Fucus vesiculosus extracts where added as antioxidant to control lipid oxidation. Development of secondary oxidation product, 1‐penten‐3‐ol (ng/g granola bar) in the granola bars and confocal light scattering microscopic images of granola bar added 0.5 g acetone extract/100g emulsion (AE1) and the Control (Con) (without extract). The efficacy of acetone extracts to limit development of 1‐penten‐3‐ol in granola bars was found to be related to extract composition as well as the microstructure, as fish oil emulsions in the bars were more stable when this extract was added. Error bars indicate SD of the measurements (n = 3).
Converting defatted silkworm pupae by Yarrowia lipolytica for enhanced lipid production
Authors: Shi Xin‐Yi , Li Tai‐Ying , Wang Min , Wu Wei‐Wei , Li Wen‐Jing , Wu Qiong‐Ying , Wu Fu‐An , Wang Jun 
Published: July 2016

The valorization of converting defatted silkworm pupae (DSWP) into microbial lipids by the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica was investigated. To obtain the best hydrolysis of DSWP and obtain the most final production after cultivation, the method of ultrasound‐assisted enzymatic pretreatment in the presence of 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride salt ([Bmim]Cl) followed with trypsin hydrolysis was applied to pretreat the DSWP. Under the optimal conditions by response surface methodology, the highest weight loss achieved 84.97%, the hydrolysis degree (32.35%) and lipid yield (3.71 g/L) have increased by 6.0‐ and 1.3‐fold, respectively. When adding amount of defatted silkworm pupae hydrolysate (DSWPH) was 4 g/L, the yeast could produce lipid efficiently. Besides, the cost is much lower than the peptone. The replacement of peptone with DSWP for lipid production by Y. lipolytica W29 efficiently cut down the cost of microbial lipid production. The lipid concentration of yeast grew on medium with 4 g/L DSWPH adding amount has increased by threefold compared with control group, while the citric acid concentration was decrease to 0.27‐fold. Given the large amount of fatty acids accumulation, instead of citric acid accumulation, the DSWPH could replace the industrial nitrogen source in the future.Practical applications: The developed enzymatic pretreatment method has changed the structural of DSWP assisted by using ultrasound and [Bmim]Cl, which application is suitable for the parallel utilization of the nutrient‐rich biomass and solving problems of the environmental corruption which caused by the DSWP. It covers more analytes and is more effective than other previously reported methods. Especially an effective, cheap, and safe degradation of DSWP into small moleculars is highly desirable. As a suitable nitrogen source replacement of peptone, the DSWPH is better for lipid production. The novel culture medium was good to the lipid production of Y. lipolytica W29 and has reduced the cost of microbial lipid.Defatted silkworm pupae (DSWP) with high level of protein and slightly oil were hydrolyzed to culture Yarrowia lipolytica W29. The ultrasound‐assisted enzymatic pretreatment in the presence of 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride salt ([Bmim]Cl) followed with trypsin hydrolysis was applied to pretreat the DSWP. The recycle use of ionic liquid reduced the cost of pretreatment. The degree of hydrolysate increased by 6.0‐fold and the weight lost up to 84.57%. FTIR and SEM characterizations indicated that the pretreatment promoted enzymatic hydrolysis. When replaced defatted silkworm pupae hydrolysate (DSWPH) with peptone at the weight ratio of 2:1, the concentration of lipid increased by 3.0‐fold and citric acid decreased to 0.27‐fold. Given the large amount of fatty acids accumulation, instead of citric acid accumulation, DSWPH could replace the industrial nitrogen source in the future.
Temporal summation of the nociceptive withdrawal reflex involves deactivation of posterior cingulate cortex
Authors: Perrotta A. , Chiacchiaretta P. , Anastasio M.G. , Pavone L. , Grillea G. , Bartolo M. , Siravo E. , Colonnese C. , De Icco R. , Serrao M. , Sandrini G. , Pierelli F. , Ferretti A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundTemporal summation of pain sensation is pivotal both in physiological and pathological nociception. In humans, it develops in parallel with temporal summation of the nociceptive withdrawal reflex (NWR) of the lower limb, an objective representation of the temporal processing of nociceptive signals into the spinal cord.MethodsTo study the contribution of cortical and subcortical structures in temporal summation of pain reflex responses, we compared the fMRI signal changes related to the temporal summation threshold (TST) of the NWR with that related to the single NWR response. We studied 17 healthy subjects using a stimulation paradigm previously determined to evoke both the TST of the NWR (SUMM) and the NWR single response (SING).ResultsWe found a significant activation in left (contralateral) primary somatosensory cortex (SI), bilateral secondary somatosensory cortex (SII), bilateral insula, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and bilateral thalamus during both SUMM and SING conditions. The SUMM versus SING contrast revealed a significant deactivation in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and bilateral middle occipital gyrus in SUMM when compared to SING condition.ConclusionsOur data support the hypothesis that temporal summation of nociceptive reflex responses is driven through a switch between activation and deactivation of a specific set of brain areas linked to the default mode network. This behaviour could be explained in view of the relevance of the pain processing induced by temporal summation, recognized as a more significant potential damaging condition with respect to a single, isolated, painful stimulation of comparable pain intensity.SignificanceThe study demonstrated that TST of the NWR involves a selective deactivation of PCC.
A Critical Review on Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalysis: Re‐exploring the Volcano‐relationship
Authors: Zeradjanin Aleksandar R. , Grote Jan‐Philipp , Polymeros George , Mayrhofer Karl J. J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe “volcano”‐relationship for the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction seems to be a generally accepted phenomenology in electrochemistry. Based on the Sabatier principle, which suggests a not too strong, nor too weak binding of reaction intermediates as prerequisite for high reaction rates, it provides a straightforward and intuitive explanation for a plethora of experimental results. However, while the Sabatier principle as a main paradigm of heterogeneous catalysis was never really disputed in the case of gas‐phase reactions, it remains questionable if it can be the main driving principle that governs activity trends of electrocatalytic reactions. This work provides an overview on this topic for the model hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), pointing out certain inconsistencies and contradictions found in literature. The critical assessment provides a viewpoint which could have important practical consequences and could provide different perspective on future catalyst design.
Signal Amplification Strategy for Highly Sensitive Detecting Brombuterol with Electrochemiluminescent Immunoassay by Using CdSe QDs as Label and Gold Nanoparticle as Substrate
Authors: Dong Tiantian , Yangxiao Kete , Zhao Kang , Deng Anping , Li Jianguo 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA signal amplification strategy for electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor was designed based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and L‐cysteine capped CdSe QDs for highly sensitive detection of brombuterol (Brom) in the presence of K2S2O8 as the co‐reactant. Therein, AuNPs as the substrate can simplify the experiment process, accelerate the electron transfer rate, and enhance the ECL signal. In the presence of Brom standard solution, coating antigen immobilized on the electrode surface via AuNPs would compete with Brom for the limited binding sites of the CdSe QDs labeled Brom antibody. There was a linear relationship between the logarithm of the Brom concentration and ECL signal. Under the optimal conditions, immunosensor had a good linear range in 0.01–1000 ng mL−1 and a lower detection limit at 0.003 ng mL−1. The specificity and stability of the immuneosensor was also studied, it has been used for the determination of Brom in real samples with satisfactory results. The proposed immunosensor will extend the application of QDs in ECL immunoassays and open a new road for the detection of other small molecules in the future.
Ecological risk assessment for Pacific salmon exposed to dimethoate in California
Authors: Whitfield Aslund Melissa , Breton Roger L. , Padilla Lauren , Winchell Michael , Wooding Katie L. , Moore Dwayne R. J. , Teed R. Scott , Reiss Rick , Whatling Paul 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

A probabilistic risk assessment of the potential direct and indirect effects of acute dimethoate exposure to salmon populations of concern was conducted for 3 evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) of Pacific salmon in California. These ESUs were the Sacramento River winter-run chinook, the California Central Valley spring-run chinook, and the California Central Valley steelhead. Refined acute exposures were estimated using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool, a river basin–scale model developed to quantify the impact of land-management practices in large, complex watersheds. Both direct effects (i.e., inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase activity) and indirect effects (i.e., altered availability of aquatic invertebrate prey) were assessed. Risk to salmon and their aquatic invertebrate prey items was determined to be de minimis. Therefore, dimethoate is not expected to have direct or indirect adverse effects on Pacific salmon in these 3 ESUs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:532–543. © 2016 SETAC
Novel technology for coal mine methane utilization, process simulation and catalyst development
Authors: Wang Shiqing , Wang Xiaolong , Gao Shiwang , Yan Wei , Huang Yu , Chen Haoyi , Xu Shisen , Xiao Tiancun 
Published: July 2016

AbstractGlobal methane emission from coal mines were estimated to be approximately 584 MMTCO2 E in 2010, which is a huge waste of energy resources and is an important source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. Coal mine methane (CMM) whose methane content is 30∼60% with the rest of air is difficult to use directly. A novel process for CMM utilization is developed in this work. CMM is used as the feedstock for urea synthesis. This process does not require separation or further purification of CMM, but converts the methane into hydrogen through the oxygen in it and by adding steam. The reformate can be further processed into a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen with a molar ratio of H2:N2 = 3:1, which can then be used for urea synthesis. This process has been analyzed by Aspen Plus. It is found that the optimal CMM composition for urea production is 42% of methane in the air system, with water added at an H2O/CH4 ratio of 3.26. Reforming catalyst has been developed and tested in a simulated industrial reactor, with CMM simulated by mixing civil use grade methane and air. The reformate composition was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and the results match the simulation very well. A 10‐day test showed high stability of the catalyst. In addition, the reforming catalyst after 10 days of operation was characterized using XRD and Laser Raman. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermodynamics‐related processes during the migration of acid gases and methane in deep sedimentary formations
Authors: Battistelli Alfredo , Berry Paolo , Bonduà Stefano , Bortolotti Villiam , Consonni Alberto , Cormio Carlo , Geloni Claudio , Vasini Ester M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTMGAS, an equation of state module of TOUGH2 V.2.0 reservoir simulator, was used to model the migration of CO2, H2S, and CH4 in a deep sedimentary formation. The scope is the improvement of the description of non‐condensable gas (NCG) migration within modeling studies of sedimentary basins’ evolution. Different scenarios have been simulated with NCG migration taking place in a large sedimentary formation discretized with a full 3D Voronoi approach by using specifically improved versions of the pre‐ and post‐processing tools for TOUGH2 developed at the University of Bologna. Simulated reference scenarios are related to the migration of CO2, H2S, and CH4 generated at constant rate for 1 × 106 years in a fresh water aquifer. Additional scenarios are simulated with NCG migration taking place in the same formation but saturated with brine. The effects of pressure‐temperature‐composition (PTX) conditions on thermodynamic equilibria, phase composition, phase thermo‐physical properties and, consequently, on the migration features of different NCGs are modeled and discussed. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Impacts of injection pressure of a dip‐angle sloping strata reservoir with low porosity and permeability on CO2 injection amount
Authors: Wang Fugang , Jing Jing , Yang Yanlin , Liu Hongyan , Sun Zhaojun , Xu Tianfu , Tian Hailong 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSloping strata reservoirs with low porosity and permeability are widely distributed in China. The first CO2 capture and geological storage (CCS) demonstration project in China that has been constructed in the Ordos Basin is a representative. In this paper, a 3D numerical model was constructed to evaluate the influence of injection pressure and strata dip angle on the CO2 injection amount in a sloping strata reservoir during CO2 injection period. We reached the following conclusions: (i) There is a ‘balance time point (BTP)’ for the total CO2 injection amount between a horizontal reservoir and a sloping one, and the BTP will decrease with the injection pressure increase. (ii) The influence of the dip angle of a sloping reservoir on the total injection amount is non‐monotonicity. For a fixed injection pressure, before the BTP, the greater the dip angle, the greater the CO2 injection amount, but after the BTP, the change rule is reversed. (iii) The injection pressure significantly affected the total injected CO2 amount, but the influence of the dip angle (in the range of 0° to 15°) on the total injection amount was not significant during injection. (iv) To a sloping reservoir, for long time injection (i.e., injection time is longer than the BTP), the bigger the dip angle, the greater the distance of the CO2 upward migration, and the smaller the total injected amount compared to the horizontal reservoir. So, in actual site selection of a CCS project, the small dip angle reservoir was beneficial. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of radiation on the temporal bone in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Lambert Elton M. , Gunn G. Brandon , Gidley Paul W. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRadiotherapy is a key component in the treatment of many head and neck cancers, and its potential to cause long‐term adverse effects has become increasingly recognized. In this review, we describe the short‐term and long‐term sequelae of radiation‐associated changes in and injury to the temporal bone and its related structures. The pathophysiology of radiation‐induced injury and its clinical entities, including sensorineural hearing loss, chronic otitis media, osteoradionecrosis, and radiation‐associated malignancies, are described. We also discuss radiation dose to the head and neck as it relates to these conditions. An improved understanding of radiation's effects on the temporal bone will enable physicians and researchers to continue efforts to reduce radiotherapy‐related sequelae and guide clinicians in diagnosing and treating the various otologic conditions that can arise in patients with head and neck cancer who have received radiotherapy. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 1428–1435, 2016
Retrospective analysis of factors influencing oncologic outcome in 590 patients with early‐intermediate glottic cancer treated by transoral laser microsurgery
Authors: Ansarin Mohssen , Cattaneo Augusto , De Benedetto Luigi , Zorzi Stefano , Lombardi Francesca , Alterio Daniela , Rocca Maria Cossu , Scelsi Daniele , Preda Lorenzo , Chiesa Fausto , Santoro Luigi 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing oncologic outcomes for patients with early‐intermediate glottic cancer treated by transoral laser microsurgery (TLM).MethodsThis was a retrospective mono‐institutional study. A total of 590 patients with cTis‐cT3 glottic cancer underwent TLM with curative intent.ResultsTLM alone was performed in 538 patients (91.2%) and TLM followed by adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) was done in 52 (8.8%). Five‐year recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and 10‐year overall survival (OS) were 85.3% and 74.7%, respectively. The larynx‐preservation ratio was 95.9%. In particular, from our data, we found that occult metastases were rare (1.2%); preventive tracheotomy was not necessary; the local recurrence rate of Tis was similar to that in the T2 and T3 group; and no major or lethal complications were observed.ConclusionAge (>60 vs ≤60), type of cordectomy (≥IV vs ≤III), status of margins, fixed arytenoid, and pathologic T classification, were the variables associated with RFS, OS, and organ‐preservation rate. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Head Neck 39: 71–81, 2017
Enantiomerization Kinetics of 2,2′‐Disubstituted Biphenyls: A Dynamic Chiral HPLC Investigation
Authors: Moskowitz Max , Xu Hanhui , Wolf Christian 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe enantiomers of eight axially chiral biaryls were separated by chiral HPLC. On‐column enantiomerization of 1‐(o‐tolyl)naphthalene and 2‐cyclohexyl‐2′‐dimethylaminobiphenyl was observed between 10 °C and 35 °C, generating characteristic HPLC elution profiles with a plateau between the resolved enantiomer peaks. Computer simulation of the experimentally obtained chromatograms allowed determination of the Gibbs free energies of activation, ΔG≠, as 93.2 kJ/mol and 88.4 kJ/mol, respectively.
HOW RESILIENCE ENGINEERING MAINTAINS SUSTAINABLE VALUE
Authors: Jackson Scott 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this essay is to show that the concept of the resilience of an engineered system is in agreement with the concept of sustainable value. The INCOSE Resilient Systems website (INCOSE 2015) defines the resilience of an engineered system as “the ability to provide required capability in the face of adversity. Similarly sustainable value has its roots in economics. According to (Hart and Milstein 2003), a sustainable enterprise “is one that contributes to sustainable development by delivering simultaneously economic, social, and environmental benefits — the so‐called triple bottom line.” So to the extent that capability is aligned with stakeholder value, resilience supports the goal of sustainable value. Capability may be some degree of system performance or simply sustaining human life following an encounter with a threat. Adversity can be external or internal threats. External threats can be natural, such as earthquakes, or human‐made such as terrorist attacks. Internal threats may be human error or software faults.
A USEFUL FRAMEWORK FOR SECURITY, RESILIENCE, AND GOVERNANCE
Authors: Thompson Marcus A. , Ryan Michael J. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThe ultimate aim of security is to retain a resource of value at a nominated state. Whether preserving the availability of a bank balance, ensuring personal safety, preserving the confidentiality of information in a database, or safeguarding the integrity of a territorial border, the aim of security is to maintain the nominated state of a designated resource. For that state to be maintained in the presence of agile threats, the security system must be equally agile. Such agility requires a framework of agile system components with well‐known interactions and the application of agile governance procedures. Yet, despite security methods proposed by many national governments, standards organisations, think tanks, academics and commentators, none of those methods achieved a lasting impact. Part of the reason for this is that current methods use or rely upon terminology that is confusing, inconsistent, incomplete, or contains language that is specific to the physical, personnel, or electronic domains of security. Consequently, the current set of security terms and definitions provide little assistance in the design and application of security systems (Thompson et al. 2012) and do little to provide the firm base necessary for agile security systems that must survive in an environment of uncertainty, unpredictability, and evolution. This paper presents a security framework based on a harmonised taxonomy of security, resilience and governance (Thompson et al. 2102, 2015) that is applicable across the physical, personnel, and electronic domains. The utility of the framework is then demonstrated for the design of sustainably secure systems.
A CONDENSED APPROACH TO THE CYBER RESILIENT DESIGN SPACE
Authors: Norman Sharon , Chase Justice , Goodwin Daniel , Freeman Bill , Boyle Vern , Eckman Rusty 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we describe cyber resiliency concepts, articulate models for where and how to design in resiliency, and provide examples of resiliency techniques. We describe the Continuous Trust Restoration concept and present “Start Secure. Stay Secure. Return Secure™” as three phases to consider when requiring, implementing, and deploying cyber resiliency. We have touched on the importance of metrics for verification and validation, and we have provided a few examples of cyber resiliency solutions and techniques that are relevant to software and systems. It is important for systems engineers to consider how cyber resiliency can affect their systems, if they need it, and how to incorporate it early in the design process.