bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of the thyroid gland during laryngectomy
Authors: Li S X , Polacco M A , Gosselin B J , Harrington L X , Titus A J , Paydarfar J A 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectives:This study aimed to: describe the incidence of thyroid gland involvement in advanced laryngeal cancer, analyse patterns of spread to the thyroid and elucidate predictors of thyroid involvement.Methods:A retrospective review was performed on patients who underwent laryngectomy from 1991 to 2015 as a primary or salvage treatment for squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx, hypopharynx or base of tongue. The incidence of thyroidectomy during total laryngectomy, type of thyroidectomy, incidence of gland involvement, route of spread, and positive predictors of spread were analysed and reported.Results:A total of 188 patients fit the inclusion criteria. Of these, 125 (66 per cent) underwent thyroidectomy. The thyroid was involved in 10 of the 125 patients (8 per cent), 9 by direct extension and 1 by metastasis. Cartilage invasion was a predictor of thyroid gland involvement, with a positive predictive value of 26 per cent.Conclusion:There is a low incidence of thyroid gland involvement in laryngeal carcinoma. Most cases of gland involvement occurred by direct extension. Thyroidectomy during laryngectomy should be considered for advanced stage tumours with cartilage invasion.
Colonial crossovers: Nazi Germany and its entanglements with other empires
Authors: Bernhard Patrick 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Nazi Germany’s place in the wider world is a controversial topic in historiography. While scholars such as Ian Kershaw argue that Hitler’s dictatorship must be understood as a unique national phenomenon, others analyse Nazism within comparative frameworks. Mark Mazower, for example, argues that the international concept of ‘empire’ is useful for comprehending the German occupation of Europe. Using an approach native to transnational cultural studies, my contribution goes a step further: I analyse how the Nazis themselves positioned their regime in a wider international context, and thus gave meaning to it. My main thesis is that, while the Nazis took a broad look at international colonialism, they differentiated considerably between the various national experiences. French and British empire-building, for instance, did not receive the same attention as Japanese and Italian colonial projects. Based on new archival evidence, I show that the act of referring in particular to the Italian example was crucial for the Nazis. On the one hand, drawing strong parallels between Italian colonialism and the German rule of eastern Europe allowed Hitler to recruit support for his own visions of imperial conquest. On the other hand, Italian colonialism served as a blueprint for the Nazis’ plans for racial segregation. The article thus shows the importance of transnational exchange for understanding ideological dynamics within the Nazi regime.
Upconversion nanoparticle-mediated photodynamic therapy induces autophagy and cholesterol efflux of macrophage-derived foam cells via ROS generation
Authors: Han Xiaobo B , Li Hongxia X , Jiang Yueqing Q , Wang Hao , Li Xuesong S , Kou Jiayuan Y , Zheng Yinghong H , Liu Zhongni N , Li Hong , Li Jing , Dou Dou , Wang You , Tian Ye , Yang Liming M 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMacrophage-derived foam cells are a major component of atherosclerotic plaques and have an important role in the progression of atherosclerotic plaques, thus posing a great threat to human health. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a therapeutic strategy for atherosclerosis. Here, we investigated the effect of PDT mediated by upconversion fluorescent nanoparticles encapsulating chlorin e6 (UCNPs-Ce6) on the cholesterol efflux of THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells and explored the possible mechanism of this effect. First, we found that PDT notably enhanced the cholesterol efflux and the induction of autophagy in both THP-1 and peritoneal macrophage-derived foam cells. The autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine and an ATG5 siRNA significantly attenuated PDT-induced autophagy, which subsequently suppressed the ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux. Furthermore, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by PDT were responsible for the induction of autophagy, which could be blocked by the ROS inhibitor N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). NAC also reversed the PDT-induced suppression of p-mTOR and p-Akt. Therefore, our findings demonstrate that PDT promotes cholesterol efflux by inducing autophagy, and the autophagy was mediated in part through the ROS/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in THP-1 and peritoneal macrophage-derived foam cells.
ARRDC4 regulates enterovirus 71-induced innate immune response by promoting K63 polyubiquitination of MDA5 through TRIM65
Authors: Meng Jun , Yao Zhenyu , He Yaqing , Zhang Renli , Zhang Yanwei , Yao Xiangjie , Yang Hong , Chen Long , Zhang Zhen , Zhang Hailong , Bao Xueqin , Hu Gang , Wu Tangchun , Cheng Jinquan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractEnterovirus 71 (EV71) is the main causative agent of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), which induces significantly elevated levels of cytokines and chemokines, leading to local or system inflammation and severe complications, whereas the underlying regulatory mechanisms and the inflammatory pathogenesis remain elusive. ARRDC4 is one member of arrestins family, having important roles in glucose metabolism and G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) related physiological and pathological processes, however, the function of ARRDC4 in innate immune system is largely unknown. Here we identified that ARRDC4 expression was increased after EV71 infection in THP-1-derived macrophages and verified in EV71-infected HFMD patients and the healthy candidates. The expression level of ARRDC4 was positively correlated with the serum concentration of IL-6, TNF-α and CCL3 in clinical specimens. ARRDC4 interacted with MDA5 via the arrestin-like N domain, and further recruited TRIM65 to enhance the K63 ubiquitination of MDA5, resulting in activation of the downstream innate signaling pathway and transcription of proinflammatory cytokines during EV71 infection. Our data highlight new function of ARRDC4 in innate immunity, contributing to the better understanding about regulation of MDA5 activation after EV71 infection, and also suggest ARRDC4 may serve as a potential target for intervention of EV71-induced inflammatory response.
Conditional internalization of PEGylated nanomedicines by PEG engagers for triple negative breast cancer therapy
Authors: Su Yu-Cheng , Burnouf Pierre-Alain , Chuang Kuo-Hsiang , Chen Bing-Mae , Cheng Tian-Lu , Roffler Steve R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks effective treatment options due to the absence of traditional therapeutic targets. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has emerged as a promising target for TNBC therapy because it is overexpressed in about 50% of TNBC patients. Here we describe a PEG engager that simultaneously binds polyethylene glycol and EGFR to deliver PEGylated nanomedicines to EGFR+ TNBC. The PEG engager displays conditional internalization by remaining on the surface of TNBC cells until contact with PEGylated nanocarriers triggers rapid engulfment of nanocargos. PEG engager enhances the anti-proliferative activity of PEG-liposomal doxorubicin to EGFR+ TNBC cells by up to 100-fold with potency dependent on EGFR expression levels. The PEG engager significantly increases retention of fluorescent PEG probes and enhances the antitumour activity of PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin in human TNBC xenografts. PEG engagers with specificity for EGFR are promising for improved treatment of EGFR+ TNBC patients.
Carbon nanotube-based three-dimensional monolithic optoelectronic integrated system
Authors: Liu Yang , Wang Sheng , Liu Huaping , Peng Lian-Mao 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSingle material-based monolithic optoelectronic integration with complementary metal oxide semiconductor-compatible signal processing circuits is one of the most pursued approaches in the post-Moore era to realize rapid data communication and functional diversification in a limited three-dimensional space. Here, we report an electrically driven carbon nanotube-based on-chip three-dimensional optoelectronic integrated circuit. We demonstrate that photovoltaic receivers, electrically driven transmitters and on-chip electronic circuits can all be fabricated using carbon nanotubes via a complementary metal oxide semiconductor-compatible low-temperature process, providing a seamless integration platform for realizing monolithic three-dimensional optoelectronic integrated circuits with diversified functionality such as the heterogeneous AND gates. These circuits can be vertically scaled down to sub-30 nm and operates in photovoltaic mode at room temperature. Parallel optical communication between functional layers, for example, bottom-layer digital circuits and top-layer memory, has been demonstrated by mapping data using a 2 × 2 transmitter/receiver array, which could be extended as the next generation energy-efficient signal processing paradigm.
Pentavalent HIV-1 vaccine protects against simian-human immunodeficiency virus challenge
Authors: Bradley Todd , Pollara Justin , Santra Sampa , Vandergrift Nathan , Pittala Srivamshi , Bailey-Kellogg Chris , Shen Xiaoying , Parks Robert , Goodman Derrick , Eaton Amanda , Balachandran Harikrishnan , Mach Linh V. , Saunders Kevin O. , Weiner Joshua A. , Scearce Richard , Sutherland Laura L. , Phogat Sanjay , Tartaglia Jim , Reed Steven G. , Hu Shiu-Lok , Theis James F. , Pinter Abraham , Montefiori David C. , Kepler Thomas B. , Peachman Kristina K. , Rao Mangala , Michael Nelson L. , Suscovich Todd J. , Alter Galit , Ackerman Margaret E. , Moody M. Anthony , Liao Hua-Xin , Tomaras Georgia , Ferrari Guido , Korber Bette T. , Haynes Barton F. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe RV144 Thai trial HIV-1 vaccine of recombinant poxvirus (ALVAC) and recombinant HIV-1 gp120 subtype B/subtype E (B/E) proteins demonstrated 31% vaccine efficacy. Here we design an ALVAC/Pentavalent B/E/E/E/E vaccine to increase the diversity of gp120 motifs in the immunogen to elicit a broader antibody response and enhance protection. We find that immunization of rhesus macaques with the pentavalent vaccine results in protection of 55% of pentavalent-vaccine-immunized macaques from simian–human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) challenge. Systems serology of the antibody responses identifies plasma antibody binding to HIV-infected cells, peak ADCC antibody titres, NK cell-mediated ADCC and antibody-mediated activation of MIP-1β in NK cells as the four immunological parameters that best predict decreased infection risk that are improved by the pentavalent vaccine. Thus inclusion of additional gp120 immunogens to a pox-prime/protein boost regimen can augment antibody responses and enhance protection from a SHIV challenge in rhesus macaques.
Parity-time-symmetric quantum critical phenomena
Authors: Ashida Yuto , Furukawa Shunsuke , Ueda Masahito 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSynthetic non-conservative systems with parity-time (PT) symmetric gain–loss structures can exhibit unusual spontaneous symmetry breaking that accompanies spectral singularity. Recent studies on PT symmetry in optics and weakly interacting open quantum systems have revealed intriguing physical properties, yet many-body correlations still play no role. Here by extending the idea of PT symmetry to strongly correlated many-body systems, we report that a combination of spectral singularity and quantum criticality yields an exotic universality class which has no counterpart in known critical phenomena. Moreover, we find unconventional low-dimensional quantum criticality, where superfluid correlation is anomalously enhanced owing to non-monotonic renormalization group flows in a PT-symmetry-broken quantum critical phase, in stark contrast to the Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless paradigm. Our findings can be experimentally tested in ultracold atoms and predict critical phenomena beyond the Hermitian paradigm of quantum many-body physics.
Wnt5a is associated with right ventricular dysfunction and adverse outcome in dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Abraityte Aurelija , Lunde Ida G. , Askevold Erik T. , Michelsen Annika E. , Christensen Geir , Aukrust Pål , Yndestad Arne , Fiane Arnt , Andreassen Arne , Aakhus Svend , Dahl Christen P. , Gullestad Lars , Broch Kaspar , Ueland Thor 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe Wingless (Wnt) pathway has been implicated in the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). To explore the role of Wnt modulators Wnt5a and sFRP3 in DCM patients we analyzed the expression of Wnt5a and sFRP3 in plasma and myocardium of DCM patients and evaluated their effects on NFAT luciferase activity in neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes. Elevated circulating Wnt5a (n = 102) was associated with increased pulmonary artery pressures, decreased right ventricular function and adverse outcome, with a stronger association in more severely affected patients. A higher Wnt5a/sFRP3 ratio (n = 25) was found in the right ventricle vs. the left ventricle and was correlated with NFAT activation as well as pulmonary artery pressures. Wnt5a induced NFAT activation and sFRP3 release in cardiomyocytes in vitro, while sFRP3 antagonized Wnt5a. Wnt5a is associated with right ventricular dysfunction and adverse outcome in DCM patients and may promote the progression of DCM through NFAT signaling.
Andrographolide Ameliorates Inflammation and Fibrogenesis and Attenuates Inflammasome Activation in Experimental Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Cabrera Daniel , Wree Alexander , Povero Davide , Solís Nancy , Hernandez Alejandra , Pizarro Margarita , Moshage Han , Torres Javiera , Feldstein Ariel E. , Cabello-Verrugio Claudio , Brandan Enrique , Barrera Francisco , Arab Juan Pablo , Arrese Marco 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTherapy for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is limited. Andrographolide (ANDRO), a botanical compound, has a potent anti-inflammatory activity due to its ability to inhibit NF-κB. ANDRO has been also shown to inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome, a relevant pathway in NASH. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of ANDRO in NASH and its influence on inflammasome activation in this setting. Thus, mice were fed a choline-deficient-amino-acid–defined (CDAA) diet with/without concomitant ANDRO administration (1 mg/kg, 3-times/week). Also, we assessed serum levels of alanine-aminotransferase (ALT), liver histology, hepatic triglyceride content (HTC) and hepatic expression of pro-inflammatory, pro-fibrotic and inflammasome genes. Inflammasome activation was also evaluated in fat-laden HepG2 cells. Our results showed that ANDRO administration decreased HTC and attenuated hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in CDAA-fed mice. ANDRO treatment determined a strong reduction in hepatic macrophage infiltration and reduced hepatic mRNA levels of both pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic genes. In addition, mice treated with ANDRO showed reduced expression of inflammasome genes. Finally, ANDRO inhibited LPS-induced interleukin-1β expression through NF-κB inhibition in fat-laden HepG2 cells and inflammasome disassembly. In conclusion, ANDRO administration reduces inflammation and fibrosis in experimental NASH. Inflammasome modulation by a NF-κB-dependent mechanism may be involved in the therapeutic effects of ANDRO.
Experimental design approach for deposition optimization of RF sputtered chalcogenide thin films devoted to environmental optical sensors
Authors: Baudet E. , Sergent M. , Němec P. , Cardinaud C. , Rinnert E. , Michel K. , Jouany L. , Bureau B. , Nazabal V. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe development of the optical bio-chemical sensing technology is an extremely important scientific and technological issue for diagnosis and monitoring of diseases, control of industrial processes, environmental detection of air and water pollutants. Owing to their distinctive features, chalcogenide amorphous thin films represent a keystone in the manufacture of middle infrared integrated optical devices for a sensitive detection of biological or environmental variations. Since the chalcogenide thin films characteristics, i.e. stoichiometric conformity, structure, roughness or optical properties can be affected by the growth process, the choice and control of the deposition method is crucial. An approach based on the experimental design is undoubtedly a way to be explored allowing fast optimization of chalcogenide film deposition by means of radio frequency sputtering process. Argon (Ar) pressure, working power and deposition time were selected as potentially the most influential factors among all possible. The experimental design analysis confirms the great influence of the Ar pressure on studied responses: chemical composition, refractive index in near-IR (1.55 µm) and middle infrared (6.3 and 7.7 µm), band-gap energy, deposition rate and surface roughness. Depending on the intended application and therefore desired thin film characteristics, mappings of the experimental design meaningfully help to select suitable deposition parameters.
Embryonic exposure to the widely-used herbicide atrazine disrupts meiosis and normal follicle formation in female mice
Authors: Gely-Pernot Aurore , Saci Souhila , Kernanec Pierre-Yves , Hao Chunxiang , Giton Frank , Kervarrec Christine , Tevosian Sergei , Mazaud-Guittot Severine , Smagulova Fatima 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe widely-used herbicide atrazine (ATZ) is detected in ground and surface water in many countries. Several studies in animals have demonstrated that ATZ has endocrine-disrupting effects on male and female reproduction in many vertebrate species. In this study, we investigated the effects of ATZ exposure on meiosis, a key step in gametogenesis in mammals. The treatment was initiated before oocyte entry into meiosis, which occurs during the embryonic period in females. We found that embryonic exposure to ATZ increases the level of 8-oxo-guanine in the nucleus of meiotic cells, reflecting oxidative stress and affecting meiotic double-strand break repair, chromosome synapsis and crossover numbers. Finally, embryonic exposure to ATZ reduces the number of primordial follicles and increases the incidence of multi-oocyte follicles in adult mice. Our data demonstrate that embryonic exposure to ATZ disrupts prophase I of meiosis and affects normal follicle formation in female mice.
Optic Disc Hemorrhage and Lamina Cribrosa Defects in Glaucoma Progression
Authors: Park Hae-Young Lopilly , Lee Jiyoung , Jung Younhea , Park Chan Kee 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBoth disc hemorrhages (DH) and focal lamina cribrosa (LC) defects are recently considered as a progression factor in glaucoma. However, the clinical relevance of the presence of LC findings at the site of the DH has not yet been determined. We conducted a prospective study enrolling a total of 98 glaucoma eyes with DH and 37 OAG eyes with focal LC defect without DH to determine whether visual field (VF) progression differs according to the findings of the LC that had been evaluated by enhanced depth imaging (EDI) of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and its relationship with DH. Only the presence of focal LC defects was significantly different between the progressing and stable patients (P < 0.001). Baseline intraocular pressure (hazard ratio [HR], 1.076; P = 0.098) and the presence of focal LC defects at the DH site (HR, 2.620; P = 0.002) were found to be associated with VF progression. Glaucoma eyes with DH at the site of focal LC defects showed frequent and faster VF progression compared with DH not accompanied by LC alterations or LC alterations not accompanied by DH. Evaluating LC alterations in glaucoma eyes with DH may be important in predicting the progression of glaucoma.
Thrombosis in diabetes: a shear flow effect?
Authors: Westein Erik , Hoefer Thomas , Calkin Anna C. 
Published: June 2017

Cardiovascular events are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in Type 2 diabetes (T2D). This condition is associated with heightened platelet reactivity, contributing to increased atherothrombotic risk. Indeed, individuals with diabetes respond inadequately to standard antiplatelet therapy. Furthermore, they often experience recurrent events as well as side effects that include excess bleeding. This highlights the need for identification of novel regulators of diabetes-associated thrombosis to target for therapeutic intervention. It is well established that platelet aggregation, a process essential for thrombus formation, is tightly regulated by shear stress; however, the mechanisms underlying shear activation of platelets, particularly in the setting of diabetes, are still poorly understood. This review will address the limitations of current diagnostic systems to assess the importance of shear stress in the regulation of thrombus formation in T2D, and the inability to recapitulate the pro-thrombotic phenotype seen clinically in the setting of T2D. Moreover, we will discuss recent findings utilizing new technologies to define the importance of shear stress in thrombus formation and their potential application to the setting of diabetes. Finally, we will discuss the potential of targeting shear-dependent mechanisms of thrombus formation as a novel therapeutic approach in the setting of T2D.
Speech-Processing Fatigue in Children: Auditory Event-Related Potential and Behavioral Measures
Authors: Key Alexandra P. , Gustafson Samantha J. , Rentmeester Lindsey , Hornsby Benjamin W. Y. , Bess Fred H. 
Published: June 2017

PurposeFatigue related to speech processing is an understudied area that may have significant negative effects, especially in children who spend the majority of their school days listening to classroom instruction.MethodThis study examined the feasibility of using auditory P300 responses and behavioral indices (lapses of attention and self-report) to measure fatigue resulting from sustained listening demands in 27 children (M= 9.28 years).ResultsConsistent with predictions, increased lapses of attention, longer reaction times, reduced P300 amplitudes to infrequent target stimuli, and self-report of greater fatigue were observed after the completion of a series of demanding listening tasks compared with the baseline values. The event-related potential responses correlated with the behavioral measures of performance.ConclusionThese findings suggest that neural and behavioral responses indexing attention and processing resources show promise as effective markers of fatigue in children.
Relative Fundamental Frequency Distinguishes Between Phonotraumatic and Non-Phonotraumatic Vocal Hyperfunction
Authors: Heller Murray Elizabeth S. , Lien Yu-An S. , Van Stan Jarrad H. , Mehta Daryush D. , Hillman Robert E. , Pieter Noordzij J. , Stepp Cara E. 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this article is to examine the ability of an acoustic measure, relative fundamental frequency (RFF), to distinguish between two subtypes of vocal hyperfunction (VH): phonotraumatic (PVH) and non-phonotraumatic (NPVH).

Method

RFF values were compared among control individuals with typical voices (
N
= 49), individuals with PVH (
N
= 54), and individuals with NPVH (
N
= 35).

Results
Offset Cycle 10 RFF differed significantly among all 3 groups with values progressively decreasing for controls, individuals with NPVH, and individuals with PVH. Individuals with PVH also had lower Offset Cycles 8 and 9 relative to the other 2 groups and lower RFF values for Offset Cycle 7 relative to controls. There was also a trend for lower Onset Cycle 1 RFF values for the PVH group compared with the NPVH group.

Conclusions
RFF values were significantly different between controls and individuals with VH and also between the two subtypes of VH. This study adds further support to the notion that the differences between these two subsets of VH may be functional as well as structural.