bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Knowledge of Task Endpoint on Pacing and Performance During Simulated Rugby League Match Play
Authors: Highton Jamie , Mullen Thomas , Twist Craig 
Published: February 2017

Purpose:To examine the influence of knowledge of exercise duration on pacing and performance during simulated rugby league match play.
Methods:Thirteen male university rugby players completed 3 simulated rugby league matches (RLMSP-i) on separate days in a random order. In a control trial, participants were informed that they would be performing 2 × 23-min bouts (separated by 20 min) of the RLMSP-i (CON). In a second trial, participants were informed that they would be performing 1 × 23-min bout of the protocol but were then asked to perform another 23-min bout (DEC). In a third trial, participants were not informed of the exercise duration and performed 2 × 23-min bouts (UN).
Results:Distance covered and high-intensity running were higher in CON (4813 ± 167 m, 26 ± 4.1 m/min) than DEC (4764 ± 112 m, 25.2 ± 2.8 m/min) and UN (4744 ± 131 m, 24.4 m/min). Compared with CON, high-intensity running and peak speed were typically higher for DEC in bout 1 and lower in bout 2 of the RLMSP-i, while UN was generally lower throughout. Similarly, DEC resulted in an increased heart rate, blood lactate, and rating of perceived exertion than CON in bout 1, whereas these variables were lower throughout the protocol in UN.
Conclusions:Pacing and performance during simulated rugby league match play depend on an accurate understanding of the exercise endpoint. Applied practitioners should consider informing players of their likely exercise duration to maximize running.
Validity of Various Methods for Determining Velocity, Force, and Power in the Back Squat
Authors: Banyard Harry G. , Nosaka Ken , Sato Kimitake , Haff G. Gregory 
Published: February 2017

Purpose:To examine the validity of 2 kinematic systems for assessing mean velocity (MV), peak velocity (PV), mean force (MF), peak force (PF), mean power (MP), and peak power (PP) during the full-depth free-weight back squat performed with maximal concentric effort.
Methods:Ten strength-trained men (26.1 ± 3.0 y, 1.81 ± 0.07 m, 82.0 ± 10.6 kg) performed three 1-repetition-maximum (1RM) trials on 3 separate days, encompassing lifts performed at 6 relative intensities including 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 90%, and 100% of 1RM. Each repetition was simultaneously recorded by a PUSH band and commercial linear position transducer (LPT) (GymAware [GYM]) and compared with measurements collected by a laboratory-based testing device consisting of 4 LPTs and a force plate.
Results:Trials 2 and 3 were used for validity analyses. Combining all 120 repetitions indicated that the GYM was highly valid for assessing all criterion variables while the PUSH was only highly valid for estimations of PF (r = .94, CV = 5.4%, ES = 0.28, SEE = 135.5 N). At each relative intensity, the GYM was highly valid for assessing all criterion variables except for PP at 20% (ES = 0.81) and 40% (ES = 0.67) of 1RM. Moreover, the PUSH was only able to accurately estimate PF across all relative intensities (r = .92–.98, CV = 4.0–8.3%, ES = 0.04–0.26, SEE = 79.8–213.1 N).
Conclusions:PUSH accuracy for determining MV, PV, MF, MP, and PP across all 6 relative intensities was questionable for the back squat, yet the GYM was highly valid at assessing all criterion variables, with some caution given to estimations of MP and PP performed at lighter loads.
High Volume Exercise Training in Older Athletes Influences Inflammatory and Redox Responses to Acute Exercise
Authors: Estrela André L. , Zaparte Aline , da Silva Jeferson D. , Moreira José Cláudio , Turner James E. , Bauer Moisés E. 
Published: February 2017

To examine whether the volume of previous exercise training in older athletes influences inflammatory, redox, and hormonal profiles, 40 trained marathon runners were divided into higher-volume (HVG, ∼480 min/week) and lower-volume groups (LVG, ∼240 min/week). Plasma inflammatory proteins, redox biomarkers, salivary testosterone, and cortisol were assessed at restand following two maximal acute exercise bouts. At rest, the LVG exhibited higher CRP, higher protein carbonyls, and lower SOD activity compared to the HVG (p’s < .05). In response to exercise, TNF-α declined similarly in both groups whereas CRP increased differentially (+60% LVG; +24% HVG; p’s < .05). Protein carbonyls decreased and thiols increased similarly in both groups, but SOD declined differentially between groups (−14% LVG; −20% HVG; p’s < .05). Salivary testosterone decreased similarly in both groups, whereas cortisol did not change. A higher volume of training is associated with favorable inflammatory and redox profiles at rest, perhaps mediated by small inflammatory responses to acute exercise.
A Plasmodium vivax Plasmid DNA- and Adenovirus-Vectored Malaria Vaccine Encoding Blood-Stage Antigens AMA1 and MSP1
42
in a Prime/Boost Heterologous Immunization Regimen Partially Protects Aotus Monkeys against Blood-Stage Challenge
Authors: Obaldia Nicanor , Stockelman Michael G. , Otero William , Cockrill Jennifer A. , Ganeshan Harini , Abot Esteban N. , Zhang Jianfeng , Limbach Keith , Charoenvit Yupin , Doolan Denise L. , Tang De-chu C. , Richie Thomas L. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Malaria is caused by parasites of the genus
Plasmodium
, which are transmitted to humans by the bites of
Anopheles
mosquitoes. After the elimination of
Plasmodium falciparum
, it is predicted that
Plasmodium vivax
will remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality outside Africa, stressing the importance of developing a vaccine against
P. vivax
malaria. In this study, we assessed the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of two
P. vivax
antigens, apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) and the 42-kDa C-terminal fragment of merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1
42
) in a plasmid recombinant DNA prime/adenoviral (Ad) vector boost regimen in
Aotus
monkeys. Groups of 4 to 5 monkeys were immunized with plasmid DNA alone, Ad alone, prime/boost regimens with each antigen, prime/boost regimens with both antigens, and empty vector controls and then subjected to blood-stage challenge. The heterologous immunization regimen with the antigen pair was more protective than either antigen alone or both antigens delivered with a single vaccine platform, on the basis of their ability to induce the longest prepatent period and the longest time to the peak level of parasitemia, the lowest peak and mean levels of parasitemia, the smallest area under the parasitemia curve, and the highest self-cure rate. Overall, prechallenge MSP1
42
antibody titers strongly correlated with a decreased parasite burden. Nevertheless, a significant proportion of immunized animals developed anemia. In conclusion, the
P. vivax
plasmid DNA/Ad serotype 5 vaccine encoding blood-stage parasite antigens AMA1 and MSP1
42
in a heterologous prime/boost immunization regimen provided significant protection against blood-stage challenge in
Aotus
monkeys, indicating the suitability of these antigens and this regimen for further development.
A Bivalent Heterologous DNA Virus-Like-Particle Prime-Boost Vaccine Elicits Broad Protection against both Group 1 and 2 Influenza A Viruses
Authors: Jiang Wenbo , Wang Shuangshuang , Chen Honglin , Ren Huanhuan , Huang Xun , Wang Guiqin , Chen Ze , Chen Ling , Chen Zhiwei , Zhou Paul 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTCurrent seasonal influenza vaccines are efficacious when vaccine strains are matched with circulating strains. However, they do not protect antigenic variants and newly emerging pandemic and outbreak strains. Thus, there is a critical need for developing so-called “universal” vaccines that protect against all influenza viruses. In the present study, we developed a bivalent heterologous DNA virus-like particle prime-boost vaccine strategy. We show that mice immunized with this vaccine were broadly protected against lethal challenge from group 1 (H1, H5, and H9) and group 2 (H3 and H7) viruses, with 94% aggregate survival. To determine the immune correlates of protection, we performed passive immunizations andin vitroassays. We show that this vaccine elicited antibody responses that bound HA from group 1 (H1, H2, H5, H6, H8, H9, H11, and H12) and group 2 (H3, H4, H7, H10, H14, and H15) and neutralized homologous and intrasubtypic H5 and H7 and heterosubtypic H1 viruses and hemagglutinin-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses. As a result, passive immunization with immune sera fully protected mice against H5, H7, and H1 challenge, whereas with both immune sera and T cells the mice survived heterosubtypic H3 and H9 challenge. Thus, it appears that (i) neutralizing antibodies alone fully protect against homologous and intrasubtypic H5 and H7 and (ii) neutralizing and binding antibodies are sufficient to protect against heterosubtypic H1, (iii) but against heterosubtypic H3 and H9, binding antibodies and T cells are required for complete survival. We believe that this vaccine regimen could potentially be a candidate for a “universal” influenza vaccine.IMPORTANCEInfluenza virus infection is global health problem. Current seasonal influenza vaccines are efficacious only when vaccine strains are matched with circulating strains. However, these vaccines do not protect antigenic variants and newly emerging pandemic and outbreak strains. Because of this, there is an urgent need to develop so-called “universal” influenza vaccines that can protect against both current and future influenza strains. In the present study, we developed a bivalent heterologous prime-boost vaccine strategy. We show that a bivalent vaccine regimen elicited broad binding and neutralizing antibody and T cell responses that conferred broad protection against diverse challenge viruses in mice, suggesting that this bivalent prime-boost strategy could practically be a candidate for a “universal” influenza vaccine.
Disease activity patterns over time in patients with SLE: analysis of the Hopkins Lupus Cohort
Authors: Györi Noémi , Giannakou Ioanna , Chatzidionysiou Katerina , Magder Laurence , van Vollenhoven Ronald F , Petri Michelle 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveTo describe SLE disease activity patterns in the Hopkins Lupus Cohort.MethodsDisease activity was studied in 1886 patients followed-up for 1–28 years. Disease activity patterns were defined using (1) Physician Global Assessment (PGA) and (2) modified SLE Disease Activity Index (M-SLEDAI) as follows: long quiescent (LQ), M-SLEDAI=0/PGA=0 at all visits; relapsing-remitting (RR), periods of activity (M-SLEDAI>0/PGA>0) interspersed with inactivity (M-SLEDAI=0/PGA=0); chronic active (CA), M-SLEDAI>0/PGA>0 at all visits. The pattern of first 3 consecutive follow-up years was determined in 916 patients as: persistent LQ (pLQ), persistent RR (pRR) and persistent CA (pCA), LQ, RR and CA pattern in each of the 3 years, respectively; mixed, at least two different pattern types were identified.ResultsThe RR pattern accounted for the greatest proportion of follow-up time both by M-SLEDAI and PGA, representing 53.8% and 49.9% of total patient-years, respectively. The second most frequent pattern was LQ based on M-SLEDAI (30.7%) and CA based on PGA (40.4%). For the first 3-year intervals, the mixed pattern type was the most common (56.6%). The pRR was the second most frequent (M-SLEDAI 33.3%, PGA 26.5%), while pLQ (M-SLEDAI 6.4%, PGA 0.7%) and pCA were less frequent (M-SLEDAI 3.7%, PGA 16.3%).ConclusionsThe RR pattern was the most prevalent pattern. LQ was achieved in a subset of patients, using the M-SLEDAI. However, the PGA captured mild activity missed on the M-SLEDAI in these patients. Over a 3-year perspective, less than half of patients maintained their original pattern.
Surgical technique for venous patch aneurysms with no neck in a rabbit model
Authors: Greim-Kuczewski Kilian , Berenstein Alejandro , Kis Sebastian , Hauser Anna , Killer-Oberpfalzer Monika 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundAnimal experimental studies are crucial for the development of endovascular devices and embolization techniques for intracranial aneurysms. The aim of the study was to describe the surgical creation technique for an aneurysm with a dilated shape and no definable aneurysm neck. The model should be reproducible in size and shape and stay patent over a long period of time. It should constitute a challenge to endovascular therapy and provide a valuable testing environment for new endovascular devices and techniques.MethodsSurgical creation of 30 no-neck aneurysms was attempted in 15 New Zealand White rabbits using a segment of jugular vein, which was transected, longitudinally opened and sutured to the anterior aspect of the common carotid artery. The first 14 aneurysms were used to develop the technique. Once the technique was mastered and the procedure was standardized, 16 consecutive aneurysms were created. For these aneurysms, digital subtraction angiography was employed after a mean of 120 days to confirm size and patency. All aneurysms were evaluated for patency.ResultsOverall aneurysm patency was 93%. Three complications occurred, two of which were related to the vascular anastomosis. Angiographic follow-up showed a median (SD) aneurysm base and height of 6.7 (0.76) mm and 3.2 (0.85) mm), respectively.ConclusionsThis technique allows creation of aneurysms without a neck which are reproducible in size and shape, and which remain patent. The model contributes to the list of aneurysm models fit for evaluation of embolization devices and techniques. It is particularly useful in exploring treatment options for wide-neck aneurysms and aneurysms which presently do not qualify for conventional coiling.
Tunable energy gaps and mid-infrared optical properties in InAs/GaSb type-II superlattices
Authors: Dong H. M. , Jin Q. , Wang X. F. 
Published: February 2017

We investigate on the infrared (IR) optoelectronic properties in short-period InAs/GaSb type-II superlattices (SLs) by a modified eight-band [Formula: see text] model. The electronic mini-band structures for such SLs are evaluated by the modified eight-band [Formula: see text] model, incorporating the microscopic interface effect. We find that with varying the values around 20/25 Å for the InAs/GaSb layer widths, the tunable mid-IR bandgaps can be achieved effectively. The SL bandgap from 275 to 346 meV can be achieved by decreasing the InAs layer thickness from 23 to 17 Å at a fixed GaSb layer thickness of 24 Å, or from 254 to 313 meV by increasing the GaSb layer thickness from 18 to 27 Å at a fixed InAs layer thickness of 21 Å. Correspondingly the optical absorptions in such systems can be tuned evidently. Our theoretical results are in good agreement with experimental data over a series of SL samples. This study confirms further that short-period InAs/GaSb type-II SLs are of great importance for IR applications.
FDA Approval Summary: Pembrolizumab for the Treatment of Patients with Unresectable or Metastatic Melanoma
Authors: Barone Amy , Hazarika Maitreyee , Theoret Marc R. , Mishra-Kalyani Pallavi , Chen Huanyu , He Kun , Sridhara Rajeshwari , Subramaniam Sriram , Pfuma Elimika , Wang Yaning , Li Hongshan , Zhao Hong , Zirkelbach Jeanne Fourie , Keegan Patricia , Pazdur Richard 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
On December 18, 2015, the FDA granted regular approval to pembrolizumab (KEYTRUDA; Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.) for treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma based on results of two randomized, open-label, active-controlled clinical trials. In trial PN006, 834 patients with ipilimumab-naïve metastatic melanoma were randomized (1:1:1) to pembrolizumab 10 mg/kg i.v. every 2 or 3 weeks until disease progression or ipilimumab 3 mg/kg every 3 weeks for up to four doses. In trial PN002, 540 patients with ipilimumab-refractory metastatic melanoma were randomized (1:1:1) to pembrolizumab 2 or 10 mg/kg i.v. every 3 weeks or to investigator's choice of chemotherapy. In trial PN006, patients randomized to pembrolizumab demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in overall survival compared with ipilimumab [every-2-week arm: hazard ratio (HR) = 0.63; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.47–0.83; P &lt; 0.001; every-3-week arm: HR = 0.69; 95% CI, 0.52–0.90; P = 0.004]. In both trials, patients receiving pembrolizumab demonstrated statistically significant improvements in progression-free survival. The most common (≥2%) immune-mediated adverse reactions in a pooled safety analysis were hypothyroidism, pneumonitis, and hyperthyroidism. Key considerations for approval were determination of pembrolizumab dose and interpretation of tumor response–based endpoints using RECIST or immune-related RECIST. Clin Cancer Res; 23(19); 5661–5. ©2017 AACR.
МАТЕМАТИЧНЕ МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ВПЛИВУ ЧИННИКІВ РИЗИКУ НА ВІРОГІДНІСТЬ НЕСПРИЯТЛИВОГО РЕЗУЛЬТАТУ ПРИ ТЯЖКІЙ ЧЕРЕПНО-МОЗКОВІЙ ТРАВМІ
Authors: Shevaha V. M. , Paiepok A. V. , Biloshytskyi V. V. , Zadorozhna B. V. , Netliukh A. M. , Kobyletskyi O. Ya. , Hutor T. H. , Shchybovyk D. V. 
Published: February 2017

Метою дослідження було наукове обґрунтування кількісної оцінки ризику несприятливого наслідку при тяжкій черепно-мозковій травмі шляхом використання електронної програми математичного прогнозування. Об’єктом дослідження – травматична хвороба головного мозку в пацієнтів із тяжкою черепно-мозковою травмою (ЧМТ). Для створення прогностичної математичної моделі виходу осіб із тяжкою черепно-мозковою травмою, у роботі було використано метод логістичної регресії із перевіркою достовірності методом Вальда та χ-квадрата (p<0,001). Встановлено, що з дев’яти аналізованих факторів, п’ять мають провокуючу дію на вірогідність смерті пацієнтів із тяжкою ЧМТ: вік, наявність гіпоксії, значення за шкалою Маршала, рівень глюкози крові та ДНК. Водночас, чотири фактори мають превентивну дію: оцінка за Шкалою коми Глазго, рівні гемоглобіну, аргініну та оксиду азоту. Для автоматичного розрахунку прогнозу виходу пацієнтів із тяжкою черепно-мозковою травмою ми створили електронну програму, за допомогою якої лікуючий лікар шляхом введення цифрових даних наведених чинників ризику отримає миттєвий розрахунок ймовірностей виникнення смерті чи несприятливого результату. Математичне прогнозування допомагає виявити пацієнтів із високою ймовірністю розвитку смерті чи несприятливого результату, що дозволить своєчасно зробити вибір ефективного методу лікування та збільшити шанси на одужання.
МОРФОЛОГІЧНІ ЗМІНИ В ГІПОФІЗІ СТАТЕВОЗРІЛИХ САМОК БІЛИХ ЩУРІВ ЗА УМОВ ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОГО ХРОНІЧНОГО ТОКСИЧНОГО ГЕПАТИТУ ТА ЇХ ВПЛИВ НА РЕПРОДУКТИВНУ ФУНКЦІЮ
Authors: Lymar L. Ye. , Lymar N. A. 
Published: February 2017

Демографічна ситуація в Україні впродовж багатьох років залишається несприятливою. Тому збереження репродуктивного здоров’я нації, як вагомий важіль припинення депопуляційних процесів та поліпшення демографічної ситуації в Україні, є пріоритетним завданням у сфері охорони здоров’я та розвитку медичної науки. Вагомою причиною негативного демографічного показника є високий рівень безпліддя, яке зумовлене у 15–25 % гормональними порушеннями [1]. Порушення функції репродуктивної системи продовжують бути актуальною проблемою, оскільки призводять до втрати працездатності та зниження репродукції. Вагома роль у виникненні цієї проблеми належить не лише генетично детермінованим змінам в організмі, але й супутній патології. У жінок часто спостерігається поєднання порушень функції репродуктивної системи з хронічними гепатитами різного генезу. Це спонукало нас до проведення експериментальної роботи з метою детального вивчення й аналізу вказаної проблеми. В доступних для опрацювання джерелах інформації ми не знайшли подібних експериментальних досліджень щодо моделювання патологічного процесу та вивчення структурних змін гормонопродукуючих органів при хронічних гепатитах. Ми змоделювали хронічний токсичний гепатит у статевозрілих самок білих щурів. Вивчали результати клінічних, гістологічних досліджень, показники імунного та гормонального статусу, функції печінки у піддослідних тварин, а також їх репродуктивну функцію за умов експериментального токсичного гепатиту. Обстежено 40 статевозрілих самок білих щурів, яким змодельовано хронічний токсичний гепатит (ХТГ). Вивчено клінічні прояви захворювання, стан функції печінки, гормональний статус та морфологічні зміни в гіпофізі цих тварин, а також їх репродуктивну функцію.
АНТИОКСИДАНТНА СИСТЕМА ЗАХИСТУ ПРИ ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНІЙ ТРАВМІ ГРУДНОЇ КЛІТКИ ТА ОБОХ СТЕГОН
Authors: Khudobyak M. M. , Marushchak M. I. , Denefil O. V. 
Published: February 2017

Метою даної роботи було оцінити показники антиоксидантного захисту в тканинах серця, легень і печінки в динаміці після перенесення поєднаної травми грудної клітки та обох стегон. Встановлено, що поєднана травма грудної клітки та обох стегон супроводжувалася статистично значимим зменшенням активності супероксиддисмутази в тканинах легень і серця з 1 доби експерименту, досягаючи найнижчих значень, відповідно, через 3–7 і 7–14 діб посттравматичного періоду, стосовно контролю. У тканинах печінки спостерігали два пікових зниження активності СОД: через 7 (на 29,7 %) і 28 діб (на 25,3 %) (р<0,05). Активність каталази у тканинах легень і серця після нанесення експериментальної поєднаної травми грудної клітки та обох стегон змінювалась однаковою мірою: через 3 доби зростала на 30–33 %, тоді як через 28 діб зменшувалася в середньому на 32 % стосовно контролю. У тканинах печінки активність каталази статистично значимо перевищувала контрольні значення на 34,4 % через 7 діб досліду, тоді як через 28 діб її величина була нижчою від показників норми на 18,9 % (р<0,05).
КЛІНІКО-ГЕНЕТИЧНІ ЗАКОНОМІРНОСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ ТА ПЕРЕБІГУ БРОНХІАЛЬНОЇ АСТМИ В ДИТЯЧОМУ ВІЦІ
Authors: Voloshyn S. B. 
Published: February 2017

Досліджено особливості перебігу бронхіальної астми серед пацієнтів з обтяженим алергологічним анамнезом із різними генотипами Arg16Gly гена β2-адренорецепторів. Проведено аналіз асоціації поліморфізму досліджених генів із особливостями алергоанамнезу, а також виявлено кореляційну залежність рівня IgE від супутніх алергічних патологій. У ході дослідження встановлено переважання гетерозиготного варіанта Arg/Gly (42,57 %) та гомозиготного варіанта Gly/Gly (43,56 %) гена ADRβ2-рецепторів, а також підтверджено вплив обтяженого алергоанамнезу на реалізацію бронхіальної астми у дітей.
ENDOGENOUS INTOXICATION IN ANIMALS OF DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS IN CASE OF POLYTRAUMA
Authors: Pidruchna S. R. , Stepanova H. M. , Pereviznyk B. O. , Vasylyshyn N. A. , Hudyma A. A. 
Published: February 2017

Background. Associated injury is a worldwide social and economic problem. Age related aspects of endogenous intoxication are not studied comprehensively. Annually, from 44 000 to 65 000 citizens die because of traumatic injuries. As a result, this number increased by 32.6% for the last 10 years. The detoxification system, as a component of the functional systems of the organism, experiences significant changes in case of polytrauma.Objective. The study was aimed to discover pathogenetic peculiarities of the multiple trauma in age aspect in different disease periods and to explore the level of endogenous intoxication in this condition.Methods. The experiments were performed on 72 white male rats aged 3, 6 and 12 months, which underwent simulation of severe skeletal trauma and examination of the contents of middle mass molecules and endogenous intoxication index (markers of endogenous intoxication) in 1, 4 and 24 hours after the associated injury.Results. The most significant increase of the middle mass molecules was fixed in 24 hours after modeling of severe skeletal injuries in all groups of animals, especially it was the most pronounced in 12-month-old animals. The erythrocyte intoxication index reached the highest level in 4 hours after the injury, its increase was most significant in sexually mature adult animals.Conclusion. A significant increasing of endogenous intoxication markers in 12-month-old rats, if compared to 3- and 6-month-old animals, can be caused by the decrease in compensatory protection mechanisms.