bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantification of radial arterial pulse characteristics change during exercise and recovery
Authors: Wang Anran , Yang Lin , Wen Weimin , Zhang Song , Hao Dongmei , Khalid Syed G. , Zheng Dingchang 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
It is physiologically important to understand the arterial pulse waveform characteristics change during exercise and recovery. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive investigation. This study aimed to provide scientific evidence on the arterial pulse characteristics change during exercise and recovery. Sixty-five healthy subjects were studied. The exercise loads were gradually increased from 0 to 125 W for female subjects and to 150 W for male subjects. Radial pulses were digitally recorded during exercise and 4-min recovery. Four parameters were extracted from the raw arterial pulse waveform, including the pulse amplitude, width, pulse peak and dicrotic notch time. Five parameters were extracted from the normalized radial pulse waveform, including the pulse peak and dicrotic notch position, pulse Area, Area1 and Area2 separated by notch point. With increasing loads during exercise, the raw pulse amplitude increased significantly with decreased pulse period, reduced peak and notch time. From the normalized pulses, the pulse Area, pulse Area1 and Area2 decreased, respectively, from 38 ± 4, 61 ± 5 and 23 ± 5 at rest to 34 ± 4, 52 ± 6 and 13 ± 5 at 150-W exercise load. During recovery, an opposite trend was observed. This study quantitatively demonstrated significant changes of radial pulse characteristics during different exercise loads and recovery phases.
Negative consequences from heavy social networking in adolescents: The mediating role of fear of missing out
Authors: Oberst Ursula , Wegmann Elisa , Stodt Benjamin , Brand Matthias , Chamarro Andrés 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTSocial networking sites (SNS) are especially attractive for adolescents, but it has also been shown that these users can suffer from negative psychological consequences when using these sites excessively. We analyze the role of fear of missing out (FOMO) and intensity of SNS use for explaining the link between psychopathological symptoms and negative consequences of SNS use via mobile devices. In an online survey, 1468 Spanish‐speaking Latin‐American social media users between 16 and 18 years old completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Social Networking Intensity scale (SNI), the FOMO scale (FOMOs), and a questionnaire on negative consequences of using SNS via mobile device (CERM). Using structural equation modeling, it was found that both FOMO and SNI mediate the link between psychopathology and CERM, but by different mechanisms. Additionally, for girls, feeling depressed seems to trigger higher SNS involvement. For boys, anxiety triggers higher SNS involvement.
Promoting Civility in the OR: An Ethical Imperative
Authors: Clark Cynthia M. , Kenski Diane 
Published: December 2016

AbstractRecognizing, addressing, and preventing incivility in the health care environment, including the perioperative area, requires an intentional and informed approach to foster healthy workplaces and protect patient safety. Several important foundational documents and position statements speak directly to the nurse's responsibility to protect patient, coworker, and personal safety and promote civility and respect. In the complex, fast‐paced environment of the OR, the pressure to meet patient needs, performance outcomes, and patient safety standards can lead to conflict and incivility. In this article, we present a case‐based scenario to illustrate a multilevel evidence‐based response to an uncivil encounter that could negatively affect patient safety in the OR. After the scenario, we discuss the responses to the encounter from the organization, the nurse manager, and the individual nurse. When nurses speak up and resolve issues, they report better patient outcomes, greater satisfaction in the workplace, and heightened organizational commitment.
Using Simulation to Implement an OR Cardiac Arrest Crisis Checklist
Authors: Dagey Darleen 
Published: December 2016

AbstractCrisis checklists are cognitive aids used to coordinate care during critical events. Simulation training is a method to validate process improvement initiatives such as checklist implementation. In response to concerns staff members expressed regarding their comfort level when responding to infrequent occurrences such as cardiac arrest and other OR emergencies, the OR Comprehensive Unit‐based Safety Program team at our facility decided to institute the use of crisis checklists in the OR during critical events. We provided 90‐minute education sessions, simulation opportunities, and debriefings to help staff members become more comfortable using these checklists. Based on program evaluations, 80% of staff members who participated in the training expressed an increased comfort level when caring for a patient in cardiac arrest.
Improving Staff Knowledge of Perioperative Regulated‐Waste Management
Authors: Perrego Kristen 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe mismanagement of regulated waste is a costly issue for many health care facilities. Our facility undertook a quality improvement project to determine whether increasing staff members’ knowledge of regulated‐waste management would reduce its mismanagement in the surgical setting. I designed a mandatory online learning module for all perioperative staff members and obtained consent from participants to use their test scores. I also designed pre‐ and posteducation audits to identify the total mass of regulated waste produced in the department and to categorize which items were nonregulated according to facility standards. Personnel achieved a 41% reduction in the total mass of regulated waste sampled and a 77% reduction in nonregulated item mass. The results of the audits determined that perioperative staff members are more likely to improve compliance with the disposal of regulated waste after increasing their knowledge base.
Effects of previous physical exercise to chronic stress on long‐term aversive memory and oxidative stress in amygdala and hippocampus of rats
Authors: dos Santos Tiago Marcon , Kolling Janaína , Siebert Cassiana , Biasibetti Helena , Bertó Carolina Gessinger , Grun Lucas Kich , Dalmaz Carla , Barbé‐Tuana Florencia María , Wyse Angela T.S. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSince stressful situations are considered risk factors for the development of depression and there are few studies evaluating prevention therapies for this disease, in the present study we evaluated the effect of previous physical exercise in animals subjected to chronic variable stress (CVS), an animal model of depression, on behavior tasks. We also investigated some parameters of oxidative stress and Na+, K+‐ATPase activity, immunocontent and gene expression of alpha subunits in amygdala and hippocampus of rats. Young male rats were randomized into four study groups (control, exercised, stressed, exercised + stressed). The animals were subjected to controlled exercise treadmill for 20 min,three times a week, for two months prior to submission to the CVS (40 days). Results show that CVS impaired performance in inhibitory avoidance at 24 h and 7 days after training session. CVS induced oxidative stress, increasing reactive species, lipoperoxidation and protein damage, and decreasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The activity of Na+, K+‐ATPase was decreased, but the immunocontents and gene expression of catalytic subunits were not altered. The previous physical exercise was able to improve performance in inhibitory avoidance at 24 h after training; additionally, exercise prevented oxidative damage, but was unable to reverse completely the changes observed on the enzymatic activities. Our findings suggest that physical exercise during the developmental period may protect against aversive memory impairment and brain oxidative damage caused by chronic stress exposure later in life.
Cross‐validation of optimized composites for preclinical Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Donohue Michael C. , Sun Chung‐Kai , Raman Rema , Insel Philip S. , Aisen Paul S. ,   North American Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative,   Australian Imaging Biomarkers and Lifestyle,   Japanese Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: December 2016

AbstractIntroductionWe discuss optimization and validation of composite end points for presymptomatic Alzheimer's disease clinical trials. Optimized composites offer hope of substantial gains in statistical power or reduction in sample size. But there is tradeoff between optimization and face validity such that optimization should only be considered if there is a convincing rationale. As with statistically derived regions of interest in neuroimaging, validation on independent data sets is essential.MethodsUsing four data sets, we consider the optimized weighting of four components of a cognitive composite which includes measures of (1) global cognition, (2) semantic memory, (3) episodic memory, and (4) executive function. Weights are optimized to either discriminate amyloid positivity or maximize power to detect a treatment effect in an amyloid‐positive population. We apply repeated 5 × 3‐fold cross‐validation to quantify the out‐of‐sample performance of optimized composite end points.ResultsWe found the optimized weights varied greatly across the folds of the cross‐validation with either optimization method. Both optimization methods tend to down‐weight the measures of global cognition and executive function. However, when these optimized composites were applied to the validation sets, they did not provide consistent improvements in power. In fact, overall, the optimized composites performed worse than those without optimization.DiscussionWe find that component weight optimization does not yield valid improvements in sensitivity of this composite to detect treatment effects.
Optimizing Inpatient Urine Culture Ordering Practices Using the Electronic Medical Record: A Pilot Study
Authors: Shirley Daniel , Scholtz Harry , Osterby Kurt , Musuuza Jackson , Fox Barry , Safdar Nasia 
Published: December 2016

A prospective quasi-experimental before-and-after study of an electronic medical record–anchored intervention of embedded education on appropriate urine culture indications and indication selection reduced the number of urine cultures ordered for catheterized patients at an academic medical center. This intervention could be a component of CAUTI-reduction bundles.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:486–488
Care-giving to grandchildren and elderly parents: role conflict or family solidarity?
Authors: ŽELEZNÁ LADA 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTIntergenerational help and care among members of the family belong to the most important dimensions of contemporary welfare regimes. Recent research has indicated that a major part of caring responsibilities is placed on the middle-aged generation. The ‘pivot generation’ is expected to provide help to their adult children and grandchildren as well as to their ageing parents. It has been hypothesised that people helping their parents are discouraged from looking after their grandchildren because they experience lack of energy and time. Using data from the four waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), this paper analyses the effect of providing help to ageing parents on the likelihood and intensity of looking after grandchildren. It takes a four-generation perspective: grandchildren, children, parents and grandparents. The results show that the support of parents is not associated with less-frequent and less-intense care of grandchildren. On the contrary, a positive association between caring responsibilities has been observed. The highest tendency to care for grandchildren has been found for people regularly helping their parents. This effect holds after controlling for grandparents’ characteristics and country effects. It is suggested that caring responsibilities tend to accumulate rather than compete with one another and therefore could represent a potential risk of overburden for those who have a general tendency to care.
Attention allocation to facial expressions of emotion among persons with Williams and Down syndromes
Authors: Goldman Karen J. , Shulman Cory , Bar-Haim Yair , Abend Rany , Burack Jacob A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIndividuals with Williams syndrome and those with Down syndrome are both characterized by heightened social interest, although the manifestation is not always similar. Using a dot-probe task, we examined one possible source of difference: allocation of attention to facial expressions of emotion. Thirteen individuals with Williams syndrome (mean age = 19.2 years, range = 10–28.6), 20 with Down syndrome (mean age = 18.8 years, range = 12.1–26.3), and 19 typically developing children participated. The groups were matched for mental age (mean = 5.8 years). None of the groups displayed a bias to angry faces. The participants with Williams syndrome showed a selective bias toward happy faces, whereas the participants with Down syndrome behaved similarly to the typically developing participants with no such bias. Homogeneity in the direction of bias was markedly highest in the Williams syndrome group whose bias appeared to result from enhanced attention capture. They appeared to rapidly and selectively allocate attention toward positive facial expressions. The complexity of social approach behavior and the need to explore other aspects of cognition that may be implicated in this behavior in both syndromes is discussed.
NONCONGLOMERABILITY FOR COUNTABLY ADDITIVE MEASURES THAT ARE NOT κ-ADDITIVE
Authors: SCHERVISH MARK J. , SEIDENFELD TEDDY , KADANE JOSEPH B. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractLet κ be an uncountable cardinal. Using the theory of conditional probability associated with de Finetti (1974) and Dubins (1975), subject to several structural assumptions for creating sufficiently many measurable sets, and assuming that κ is not a weakly inaccessible cardinal, we show that each probability that is not κ-additive has conditional probabilities that fail to be conglomerable in a partition of cardinality no greater than κ. This generalizes a result of Schervish, Seidenfeld, & Kadane (1984), which established that each finite but not countably additive probability has conditional probabilities that fail to be conglomerable in some countable partition.
The ICS-Model for the Automatic Disambiguation of Homography demonstrated for the Determiner “der” in German
Authors: Boot M. 
Published: December 2016

In this paper a system will be described that enables the design of a series of computer programs ("modules") for the automatic treatment of homography.By homography we mean the ambiguity between the graphic representation of word forms belonging to different syntactic classes.By automatic treatment of homography we mean assigning the correct syntactic class to homographs with the help of an algorithm.Homography is a problem connected with written text only.In our opinion it is not a linguistic problem,but a problem of information processing using linguistic and extralinguistic signs.
As linguistic signs the syntactic rules of the so-called surface structure are used.They are used from two different points of view:the string properties are used to shape the algorithm; the constituent structure is used to find out which branch is to be taken in the algorithm.Thus the design of the system is more or less comparable with Winograd's model for semantic information processing or Salkoff's String Grammar (Salkoff,1973).
However,we are not developing a model for parsing structures.The paper is devoted to homography because the systems developed in the past neglected this kind oflinguistic information processing.
On the other hand the output of homography solving programs forms useful input for a variety of sciences studying aspects of languages use.Not only purely linguistic studies could use text input free from homography,but also literary,sociological and even legal text studies or question answering systems using data bases (Berry-Rogghe,1978; Kragelöh;
Lockemann) needsuchinput.A more detailed description will be given of a concrete problem:the definition of the information that should be computed to disambiguate the homography of the German determiner.We developed a linear bounded automaton,because this proved to be the most efficient way to solve,the problem of homography.
Inference of Grammatical time from Lexical Versus Morphological Cues in the Visual Processing of French Sentences by Native and Foreign Readers
Authors: Staalen T. van Wesemael-van , Heuven V.J. van 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The relative contributions of lexical time expressions and time information in verb endings was established for three groups of readers : a control group (C) of native French readers, an experimental group of Dutch learners of French having received instruction emphasising French verb morphology (Emorph), and a similar group trained to recognize time adverbials instead (Eadv).
Sentences containing time of action cues in either or both verb morphology or in a time adverbial were presented to the subjects, who had to decide as fast and as accurately as possible, whether the time of action expressed was past, present, or future.
Results indicated superior performance when both information sources were present in the stimulus; when one of the information sources was withheld the results differed across the groups of subjects.
For the C-group morphological and adverbial information supplied equally useful cues, for the E-groups the cue value depended critically on the instruction program followed : for the Emorph-group verb morphology was the superior cue, for the Eadv-group the time expressions.
When in teaching French reading comprehension to foreign learners time pressure forces a choice between either teaching verb morphology or time expressions, we can now argue that there is no intrinsic superiority of one solution over the other. However, reasons of teaching economy seem to suggest that emphasing lexical time information would lead to the same level of performance faster.
Language Teachers Should Rush in Where Good Translators Fear to Tread
Authors: Tobin Yishai 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
In this paper we will support the basic Saussurian view that every language is an individual and independent system which is exploited in a unique, creative and specific way by speakers of that language, in order to communicate what may be termed as 'language-specific' messages, which may very well be 'untranslatable' from one language to another. Examples from Modern Hebrew will be provided on the word-formation, word, structure and discourse levels of language to illustrate that the process of translation may not necessarily be an automatic 'mapping' of LI linguistic forms and structures to their most accurate, equivalent and fluent L2 counterparts in order to convey the same (or as similar as possible) communicative messages. We will contend that this 'untranslatability' existing between languages, which may be systematically discovered through theoretical linguistic and stylistic analyses, should be applied to teaching foreign language students the unique system of the language they are studying.
Some applied and theoretical perspectives on a jigsaw reading exercise
Authors: CROOKALL David , WATSON Rod 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
This paper might have been subtitled : "prolegomenon to an exploration of meaning interpretation in the textuallymediated, activity-oriented, L2 jigsaw paradigm".
An original jigsaw reading activity for foreign language learners is described; the exercise is made up from young people's L1 books. This forms a basis for a discussion on a wide range of issues which may be raised concerning two interdépendant aspects : the practical considerations of its use in the classroom and the more theoretical implications of the jigsaw reading technique for foreign language learning.
The issues include : the rationale and nature of jigsaw reading; ethnomethodological and applied linguistics perspectives on reading and on jigsaw reading; the pedagogic use of text; the type of language used in the exercise described and its congruence with theories of language acquisition and of reading activity in a foreign language.
Relaxions Between fl Grammaticality Judgments and fl Production
Authors: Greidanus Tine , van der Linden Elisabeth 
Published: December 2016

Teacher training institutes in the Netherlands submit to their students tests of grammaticality judgments concerning FL sentences, in order to prepare them for their future task. Comparison of the results of these tests with results of FL production tests of the same students suggested that the former task was more difficult than the latter. The purposes of this study were to examine two questions : (1) Is production of FL grammatical structures different from, that is, more difficult than giving a judgment of grammatical acceptability concerning the same structures? (2) How do students proceed when judging the grammaticality of a given FL sentence? To this end, an experiment was designed. 30 French syntactic structures were selected which often give rise to errors. These structures were incorporated in a grammaticality judgment test and a production test. The tests were administered to matched groups of Dutch students of French of the level mentioned. The hypothesis was that the two tasks were of a different degree of difficulty. The results did not confirm this hypothesis : although differences were found between the three conditions explored (judgment of a correct sentence, of an incorrect one, and production), these differences were not significant.
The grammatically judgment test was also administered to two groups of French subjects in order to compare their behaviour to that of the Dutch group. The French subjects were found to behave more homogeneously than the Dutch ones.
The results of the pilot study suggest that the two tasks are not essentially different.
The Role Of L1 Influence On the Learning Of a Target Language In a Non Target Language Environment
Authors: Hsia Sophie 
Published: December 2016

In recent studies on the acquisition of a second or foreign language in a non target language environment, environmental factors such as lack of native peer input, a formal language learning situation and pressure on the learner to produce the required target language structures have been considered to have attributed to a high incidence of L1 induced or interlingual errors.
In order to investigate this problem, I collected spontaneous speech samples from some eighty francophone students enrolled at the Faculté de Sciences Economiques and the Ecole de Solvay who were learning English at the Institut de Phonétique at the Université Libre de Bruxelles. The data represented two levels of learning, the first degree level when students entered the course and the third degree level which marked the end of the course. My hypothesis was that given a difference in emphasis within the TL syllabus from that of TL forms (communicative English) to that of TL content (business English) and given also that the same methodological approach was adopted with native teacher input and optimal corrective feedback, students might progress beyond Ll-induced to somewhere approximating TL rule formation.
The error samples were broken down into categories representing syntax, word order, morphology, semantic concepts and lexis. They were examined and compared across levels for examples of interlingual (Ll-induced) and organisational (non Ll-induced) errors.
An anamysis of the data indicated a decrease in interlingual errors but an increase in organisa-tional errors at the third degree level, suggesting the existence of a continuum that accommodates possibilities of fossilization due to lack of native peer input. My data also suggested the role of L1 in its influence on the formation of semantic concepts in TL and in organising, comparing and hypothesizing lexical domains in the two languages.