bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the effects of topical application of UMF20 and UMF5 manuka honey with a generic multifloral honey on wound healing variables in an uncontaminated surgical equine distal limb wound model
Authors: Tsang AS , Dart AJ , Sole‐Guitart A , Dart CM , Perkins NR , Jeffcott LB 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveTo compare the effect of application of manuka honey with unique manuka factor (UMF) 5 or 20 with a generic multifloral honey on equine wound healing variables.MethodsTwo full‐thickness skin wounds (2.5 × 2.5 cm) were created on the metatarsus of both hindlimbs of eight Standardbred horses. The wounds on each horse were assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: UMF20 (UMF20) and UMF5 (UMF5) manuka honey; generic multifloral honey (GH); and a saline control. Bandages were changed daily for 12 days, after which treatment was stopped and the bandages were removed. Wound area was measured on day 1, then weekly until day 42. Overall wound healing rate (cm2/day) and time to complete healing were recorded.ResultsThere was no difference in wound area for any of the treatments on any measurement day except for day 21, where the mean wound area for wounds treated with UMF20 was smaller than the mean wound area for the UMF5‐treated wounds (P = 0.031). There was no difference in mean (± SE) overall healing rate (cm2/day) among the treatment groups. There were differences in mean (± SE) days to complete healing. Wounds treated with UMF20 healed faster than wounds treated with GH (P = 0.02) and control wounds (P = 0.01).ConclusionsTreatment of wounds with UMF20 reduced overall wound healing time compared with wounds treated with GH and control wounds. However, using this model the difference in the overall time to complete healing was small.
Rate and predictors of conversion from unipolar to bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kessing Lars Vedel , Willer Inge , Andersen Per Kragh , Bukh Jens Drachman 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesFor the first time to present a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the conversion rate and predictors of conversion from unipolar disorder to bipolar disorder.MethodsA systematic literature search up to October 2016 was performed. For the meta‐analysis, we only included studies that used survival analysis to estimate the conversion rate.ResultsA total of 31 studies were identified, among which 11 used survival analyses, including two register‐based studies. The yearly rate of conversion to bipolar disorder decreased with time from 3.9% in the first year after study entry with a diagnosis of unipolar disorder to 3.1% in years 1‐2, 1.0% in years 2‐5 and 0.8% in years 5‐10. A total of eight risk factors were evaluated comprising gender, age at onset of unipolar disorder, number of depressive episodes, treatment resistance to antidepressants, family history of bipolar disorder, the prevalence of psychotic depression, the prevalence of chronic depression, and severity of depression. It was not possible to identify risk factors that were consistently or mainly confirmed to predict conversion across studies.ConclusionsThe conversion rate from unipolar to bipolar disorder decreases with time. It was not possible to identify predictors of conversion that were consistently or mainly confirmed across studies, which may be due to variations in methodology across studies.
Evidence that eye‐movement profiles do not explain slow binocular rivalry rate in bipolar disorder: support for a perceptual endophenotype
Authors: Law Phillip CF , Gurvich Caroline T , Ngo Trung T , Miller Steven M 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesPresenting conflicting images simultaneously, one to each eye, produces perceptual alternations known as binocular rivalry (BR). Slow BR rate has been proposed as an endophenotype for bipolar disorder (BD) for use in large‐scale genome‐wide association studies. However, the trait could conceivably reflect eye movement (EM) dysfunction in BD rather than anomalous perceptual processing per se. To address this question, we examined the relationship between EM profiles and BR rate for various stimulus types in BD and healthy subjects. We also examined differences in EM profiles between these groups.MethodsEmploying a repeated‐measures within‐subjects design, 20 BD outpatients and 20 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls completed EM tasks and separate BR tasks involving a range of stimuli with different drift speeds. The association between each EM measure and BR rate was examined with correlational analyses for all stimulus conditions in both groups. Between‐group comparisons were performed to determine any differences in those EM measures. Corresponding Bayesian analyses were also conducted.ResultsThere were no EM measures that showed a significant relationship with BR rate in either the BD group or the healthy group (P≥7.87×10−3), where those EM measures were also significantly different between the BD and healthy groups (P≥1.32 × 10−2). These findings were verified with Bayes factors.ConclusionsThe results provide evidence that EM profiles do not explain the slow BR endophenotype for BD, thus indicating that the trait reflects anomalous perceptual processing per se. This perceptual trait can be employed in clinical, genetic, mechanistic and pathophysiological studies.
Differential failure to deactivate the default mode network in unipolar and bipolar depression
Authors: Rodríguez‐Cano Elena , Alonso‐Lana Silvia , Sarró Salvador , Fernández‐Corcuera Paloma , Goikolea José M , Vieta Eduard , Maristany Teresa , Salvador Raymond , McKenna Peter J , Pomarol‐Clotet Edith 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesNeuroimaging studies have revealed evidence of brain functional abnormalities in bipolar depressive disorder (BDD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). However, few studies to date have compared these two mood disorders directly.MethodsMatched groups of 26 BDD type I patients, 26 MDD patients and 26 healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while performing the n‐back working memory task. A whole‐brain ANOVA was used to compare the three groups and clusters of significant difference were examined further using region‐of‐interest (ROI) analysis.ResultsThe whole‐brain ANOVA revealed a single cluster of significant difference in the medial frontal cortex. The BDD and MDD patients both showed failure to deactivate in this area compared to the controls. The BDD patients showed significantly greater failure of deactivation than the MDD patients, which was not accounted for by differences in severity or chronicity of illness between them.ConclusionsFailure of deactivation, considered to reflect default mode network dysfunction, is present to a greater extent in bipolar than unipolar depression. The study of this network may be useful in the search for brain markers that distinguish the two disorders.
Effects of video‐based flipped class instruction on subject reading motivation
Authors: Tse Wai S. , Choi Lai Y. A. , Tang Wing S. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractVideo‐based flipped class instruction can strengthen the learning motivation of students. The effectiveness of flipped class instruction on teaching effectiveness and subject satisfaction has been evaluated previously. The present study aims to examine the impact of two aspects of subject reading motivation. A total of 100 secondary school students were recruited from 4 classes of 25 students (ie, video‐based flipped Mathematics class, traditional Mathematics class, video‐based flipped Liberal Studies (LS) class and traditional LS class) in two local secondary schools. The same teachers taught both the traditional and video‐based flipped classes in their subject. The students filled in questionnaires which measured: motivation for general reading; motivation for subject reading; academic subject satisfaction and perceived teaching effectiveness of the teachers. Analysis of covariance controlling for motivation for general reading revealed that students in the flipped classes reported significantly lower motivation for subject reading including reading curiosity, reading importance and reading compliance (t (1,98) = 10.52, p < 0.001; t (1,98) = 7.68, p < 0.001; t (1,98) = 20.39, p < 0.001, respectively). However, students in the flipped classes reported significantly higher satisfaction and teaching effectiveness than those in the traditional classes (t (1,98) = −15.61. p < 0.001; t (1,98) = −11.98, p <0.001, respectively). A partial correlation controlling for motivation for general reading indicated that motivation for subject reading was negatively associated with academic subject satisfaction and perceived teaching effectiveness of teachers (rs ranged from −0.51 to −0.62, p < 0.001). Video‐based flipped class instruction was not only related to increased academic subject satisfaction and teaching effectiveness but also associated with lower motivation for subject reading. These findings suggest that video‐based flipped class instruction had limited capability to strengthen the learning motivation of students.
‘Paediatric bipolar disorder’ rates are lower than claimed – a reexamination of the epidemiological surveys used by a meta‐analysis
Authors: Parry Peter , Allison Stephen , Bastiampillai Tarun 
Published: July 2017

Background‘Paediatric bipolar disorder’ (PBD) is a controversial diagnosis where often prepubertal children as well as adolescents, who may have a range of psychiatric disorders or symptoms, are diagnosed with a severe mental illness requiring lifelong medication. Clinically, it has often been applied in the United States but rarely in most other countries. A meta‐analysis (Van Meter et al., Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, , 72, 1250) claimed that the prevalence of PBD was similar to adults at 1.8% with no difference between the United States and other countries. This conclusion has been highly cited.MethodsThe heterogeneous nature of the original 12 epidemiological surveys warrants a qualitative analysis, rather than statistical meta‐analysis as performed by Van Meter et al. (Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 2011, 72, 1250). Thus, the meta‐analysis and each of the 12 studies (six from the United States; six from other countries) were reexamined.ResultsMost of the 12 surveys predated the emergence of the PBD hypothesis. The 12 surveys were mainly of adolescents and at times young adults with few prepubertal children. Prevalence rates in the 12 studies suggest a lower rate of bipolar disorder, especially in non‐US samples. For example, the Van Meter et al. (Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 2011, 72, 1250) meta‐analysis chose a rate of 2.8% by summation of adolescent and parent responses in a Dutch survey, however the rate fell to 0% if requiring concordance of adolescent and parent responses. Indeed, it could be argued that four of the non‐US studies show 0% rates of PBD.ConclusionsRates of PBD were generally substantially lower than 1.8%, particularly in non‐US surveys, and if both parent and adolescent reports were required to meet the diagnostic threshold they fell to close to zero. The reanalysis suggests that bipolar disorder is rare before the expected age of onset in later adolescence.
Extranasopharyngeal angiofibroma revisited
Authors: Windfuhr J.P. , Vent J. 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundAngiofibromas in the head and neck region usually arise in the nasopharynx, but may also occur elsewhere. This study aims at evaluating the incidence and clinical features of extranasopharyngeal angiofibroma (ENA).Material and MethodsSystematic review of the literature (Medline® and Google™) up to 31 December 2015.Results174 cases of ENA were retrieved from a total of 170 publications. In contrast to former publications and previous understanding, the nasal septum was by far the most common site of the disease. Four patients had a congenital lesion, the oldest patient was 87 years old (mean: 28.7 years; median: 23 years). Male gender was predominantly affected, but the sex ratio was more balanced (2.13:1) than in previous reports in the literature until 12/2015. The majority of patients presented with nasal obstruction, either in combination with epistaxis (25.8%) or other symptoms (12.6%). Symptoms had developed within 13.1 months on average (median: 4 months). Brisk bleeding resulted in 11 of 43 biopsy procedures. Surgical resection as first‐line therapy was performed in 170 patients. A tumour regrowth within 12 months was registered in four patients.ConclusionThe increasing awareness of ENA and the willingness to publish case reports—not only in Medline‐listed journals—resulted in a significant increase of published case reports lately. Although extremely rare, ENAs have to be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of unclear masses, particularly in adult patients presenting with a rapidly developing nasal obstruction resulting from a nasal septum tumour. Female gender or normal vascularity does not exclude the diagnosis. Transnasal resection is sufficient in most cases, and recurrences are rare. Pathologists as well as clinicians should consider ENA in their differential diagnosis of any mass of the upper airway.
Effect of avulsion storage media on periodontal ligament fibroblast differentiation
Authors: Bağ İrem , Yildirim Sibel 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackground/AimAn avulsed tooth must be stored in a solution which maintains periodontal ligament (PDL) cell viability. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) and milk on the differentiation of PDL fibroblasts.Materials and methodsEighteen extracted third molars, (n = 3 for each group), were immersed in HBSS, milk, and Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium‐Ham's F12 (DMEM‐F12) at 4°C for 30‐ to 60 minutes or 12 hours. The growth dynamics of PDL fibroblasts were evaluated with cell proliferation graphics and population doubling time (PDT) values. Runt‐related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B ligand (RANKL), and collagen type XII (COL12) expression were used to evaluate the differentiation of PDL fibroblasts.ResultsThe percentage of cell numbers and PDT values of groups were statistically insignificant. In the HBSS groups, RUNX2 expression increased showing a direction to osteogenic differentiation of PDL fibroblasts. In the DMEM‐F12 groups, RANKL expression increased, indicating there was a tendency for osteoclastogenic differentiation. In the milk groups, RUNX2 expression decreased while other markers were stable showing PDL fibroblasts could protect fibroblast identity.ConclusionsIn terms of protecting fibroblast identity and resistance to differentiation, milk was more effective than HBSS.
Using patients as educators for communication skills: Exploring dental students’ and patients’ views
Authors: Coelho C. , Pooler J. , Lloyd H. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTitleA qualitative study to explore the issues for patients and students when giving feedback on the communication of dental students.ObjectivesThe Department of Health and National Institute for Health Research are committed to involving patients in improving clinical education, research and service delivery. Yet, there is a limited body of evidence on the perceptions of patients when asked to be involved in this way, and specifically when asked to provide feedback on the communication skills of dental students. This study seeks to address this gap and heighten the understanding of the issues faced by patients when asked to be involved in clinical education.MethodsData were collected using focus groups with dental students (n=10) and patients (n=8) being treated by these students. Both groups were asked about their thoughts, feelings and beliefs about patients being asked to provide feedback on the communication skills of dental students. Data analysis involved inductive thematic analysis of transcribed audio recordings.ResultsFour themes emerged from the data: “legitimacy,” “co‐educators,” “maintaining the equilibrium of the patient‐student relationship” and the “timing of patient feedback.” Support for involving patients in giving feedback on students’ communication skills was established, with patients considering they were best placed to comment on the communication skills of dental students. Patients and students do not want to provide feedback alone and want support to assist them, especially if feedback was negative. Issues of anonymity, confidentiality and ownership of the feedback process were worrisome, and the positioning of patient feedback in the programme was seen as critical.ConclusionsPatients and students are willing to engage in patient feedback on students’ communication skills, and with support and training, the concerns around this are not insurmountable and the benefits could potentially profit both groups. These findings have resonance with other healthcare educators when using patients as educators in the development of communication skills.
Transcriptome analysis suggests a role for the differential expression of cerebral aquaporins and the MAPK signalling pathway in human temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Salman Mootaz M. , Sheilabi Mariam A. , Bhattacharyya Dev , Kitchen Philip , Conner Alex C. , Bill Roslyn M. , Woodroofe M. Nicola , Conner Matthew T. , Princivalle Alessandra P. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEpilepsies are common disorders of the central nervous system (CNS), affecting up to 2% of the global population. Pharmaco‐resistance is a major clinical challenge affecting about 30% of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients. Water homeostasis has been shown crucial for regulation of neuronal excitability. The control of water movement is achieved through a family of small integral membrane channel proteins called aquaporins (AQPs). Despite the fact that changes in water homeostasis occur in sclerotic hippocampi of people with TLE, the expression of AQPs in the epileptic brain is not fully characterised. This study uses microarray and ELISA methods to analyse the mRNA and protein expression of the human cerebral AQPs in sclerotic hippocampi (TLE‐HS) and adjacent neocortex tissue (TLE‐NC) of TLE patients. The expression of AQP1 and AQP4 transcripts was significantly increased, while that of the AQP9 transcript was significantly reduced in TLE‐HS compared to TLE‐NC. AQP4 protein expression was also increased while expression of AQP1 protein remained unchanged, and AQP9 was undetected. Microarray data analysis identified 3333 differentially regulated genes and suggested the involvement of the MAPK signalling pathway in TLE pathogenesis. Proteome array data validated the translational profile for 26 genes and within the MAPK pathway (e.g. p38, JNK) that were identified as differentially expressed from microarray analysis. ELISA data showed that p38 and JNK inhibitors decrease AQP4 protein levels in cultured human primary cortical astrocytes. Elucidating the mechanism of selective regulation of different AQPs and associated regulatory proteins may provide a new therapeutic approach to epilepsy treatment.
The Drivers of Sovereign CDS Spread Changes: Local Versus Global Factors
Authors: Hibbert Ann Marie , Pavlova Ivelina 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe use daily data for a panel of 34 countries to investigate regional differences in sovereign credit default swaps (CDS) spread determinants and the significance of local versus global market factors. Similar to prior studies, we find a high level of commonality among CDS spreads, but our results show that this effect is stronger in Latin American CDS. The results of our quantile panel regression model show that although global forces drive spreads across the conditional distribution, changes in credit ratings are significant in explaining CDS spreads only in the upper quantiles. We also confirm the existence of regional differences in spread determinants.
Recharge and Groundwater Flow Within an Intracratonic Basin, Midwestern United States
Authors: Panno Samuel V. , Askari Zohreh , Kelly Walton R. , Parris Thomas M. , Hackley Keith C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe conservative nature of chloride (Cl−) in groundwater and the abundance of geochemical data from various sources (both published and unpublished) provided a means of developing, for the first time, a representation of the hydrogeology of the Illinois Basin on a basin‐wide scale. The creation of Cl− isocons superimposed on plan view maps of selected formations and on cross sections across the Illinois Basin yielded a conceptual model on a basin‐wide scale of recharge into, groundwater flow within and through the Illinois Basin. The maps and cross sections reveal the infiltration and movement of freshwater into the basin and dilution of brines within various geologic strata occurring at basin margins and along geologic structures. Cross‐formational movement of brines is also seen in the northern part of the basin. The maps and cross sections also show barriers to groundwater movement created by aquitards resulting in areas of apparent isolation/stagnation of concentrated brines within the basin. The distribution of Cl− within the Illinois Basin suggests that the current chemical composition of groundwater and distribution of brines within the basin is dependent on five parameters: (1) presence of bedrock exposures along basin margins; (2) permeability of geologic strata and their distribution relative to one another; (3) presence or absence of major geologic structures; (4) intersection of major waterways with geologic structures, basin margins, and permeable bedrock exposures; and (5) isolation of brines within the basin due to aquitards, inhomogeneous permeability, and, in the case of the deepest part of the basin, brine density effects.
Analytical Solutions of Three‐Dimensional Contaminant Transport Models with Exponential Source Decay
Authors: Paladino Ombretta , Moranda Arianna , Massabò Marco , Robbins Gary A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDespite the availability of numerical models, interest in analytical solutions of multidimensional advection‐dispersion systems remains high. Such models are commonly used for performing Tier I risk analysis and are embedded in many regulatory frameworks dealing with groundwater contamination. In this work, we develop a closed‐form solution of the three‐dimensional advection‐dispersion equation with exponential source decay, first‐order reaction, and retardation, and present an approach based on some ease of use diagrams to compare it with the integral open form solution and with earlier versions of the closed‐form solution. The comparison approach focuses on the relative differences associated with source decay and the effect of simulation time. The analysis of concentration contours, longitudinal sections, and transverse sections confirms that the closed‐form solutions studied can be used with acceptable approximation in the central area of a plume bound transversely within the source width, both behind and beyond the advective front and for concentration values up to two orders of magnitude less than the initial source concentration. As the proposed closed‐form model can be evaluated without nested numerical computations and with simple mathematical functions, it can be very useful in risk assessment procedures.