bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic navigation system with extended field of view using augmented reality technology
Authors: Bong Jae Hwan , Song Hyun‐jong , Oh Yoojin , Park Namji , Kim Hyungmin , Park Shinsuk 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundWhile endoscopic skull base surgery (ESBS) has emerged as an alternative surgical option, the limited field of view of the endoscope may lead to the surgeon's fatigue and discomfort.MethodsThe developed navigation system includes extended augmented reality (AR), which can provide an extended viewport to a conventional endoscopic view by overlaying 3D anatomical models generated from preoperative medical images onto endoscope images. To enhance the accuracy of the developed system, we adopted state‐of‐the‐art endoscopic calibration and tracking techniques based on an optical tracking system.ResultsThe mean spatial errors of AR was ~1 mm, which falls in the acceptable range of accuracy for ESBS. For the simulated surgical tasks with the developed system, the number and duration of error events were decreased.ConclusionsThe results show that the human subject can perform the task more precisely and safely with the developed AR‐based navigation system than with the conventional endoscopic system.
Junction‐Free Electrospun Ag Fiber Electrodes for Flexible Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Choi Junhee , Shim Yong Sub , Park Cheol Hwee , Hwang Ha , Kwack Jin Ho , Lee Dong Jun , Park Young Wook , Ju Byeong‐Kwon 
Published: December 2017

AbstractFabrication of junction‐free Ag fiber electrodes for flexible organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) is demonstrated. The junction‐free Ag fiber electrodes are fabricated by electrospun polymer fibers used as an etch mask and wet etching of Ag thin film. This process facilitates surface roughness control, which is important in transparent electrodes based on metal wires to prevent electrical instability of the OLEDs. The transmittance and resistance of Ag fiber electrodes can be independently adjusted by controlling spinning time and Ag deposition thickness. The Ag fiber electrode shows a transmittance of 91.8% (at 550 nm) at a sheet resistance of 22.3 Ω □−1, leading to the highest OLED efficiency. In addition, Ag fiber electrodes exhibit excellent mechanical durability, as shown by measuring the change in resistance under repeatable mechanical bending and various bending radii. The OLEDs with Ag fiber electrodes on a flexible substrate are successfully fabricated, and the OLEDs show an enhancement of EQE (≈19%) compared to commercial indium tin oxide electrodes.
Label‐Free Imaging of Nanoparticle Uptake Competition in Single Cells by Hyperspectral Stimulated Raman Scattering
Authors: Huang Bin , Yan Shuai , Xiao Lin , Ji Rong , Yang Liuyan , Miao Ai‐Jun , Wang Ping 
Published: December 2017

AbstractImaging and quantification of nanoparticles in single cells in their most natural condition are expected to facilitate the biotechnological applications of nanoparticles and allow for better assessment of their biosafety risks. However, current imaging modalities either require tedious sample preparation or only apply to nanoparticles with specific physicochemical characteristics. Here, the emerging hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy, as a label‐free and nondestructive imaging method, is used for the first time to investigate the subcellular distribution of nanoparticles in the protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila. The two frequently studied nanoparticles, polyacrylate‐coated α‐Fe2O3 and TiO2, are found to have different subcellular distribution pattern as a result of their dissimilar uptake routes. Significant uptake competition between these two types of nanoparticles is further discovered, which should be paid attention to in future bioapplications of nanoparticles. Overall, this study illustrates the great promise of hyperspectral SRS as an analytical imaging tool in nanobiotechnology and nanotoxicology.
A Modularly Designable Vesicle for Sequentially Multiple Loading
Authors: Zhang Yiyang , Bao Dandan , Wang Shuo , Dong Yuancheng , Wu Fen , Li Haitao , Liu Dongsheng 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe vesicle is one of the most intriguing platforms for drug delivery, which is believed to improve drug efficacy. In the past few decades, a great deal of materials have been explored to make vesicles, including lipids, block copolymers, dendrons, erythrocyte membranes, and even DNA. Other than shape and size control, most efforts are focused on achieving certain functions, for example, an abundance of stimuli‐responsive features are introduced to vesicles, which can be applied to controllable release, such as pH, redox, light, radiation, enzyme etc. Besides, crosslinking or pegylation is used to increase vesicles' stability and elongate circulation time. By incorporating affinity ligands, vesicles can further accumulate to diseased cells or tissues to achieve targeting properties. Recently, multidrug delivery is believed to show a synergy effect in cancer therapy and has become a new direction in this field. However, coloading hydrophilic–hydrophobic small molecules, oligonucleotides, and peptides in the same size‐ and shape‐controlled vesicle through a stepwise manner with high efficiency is still challenging. Herein, a modularly designable vesicle is reported for sequential multiple loading based on frame‐guided assembly, which is believed to be an outstanding platform for drug delivery in the future.
Structural and Electronic Descriptors of Catalytic Activity of Graphene‐Based Materials: First‐Principles Theoretical Analysis
Authors: Sinthika S. , Waghmare Umesh V. , Thapa Ranjit 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCharacteristic features of the d‐band in electronic structure of transition metals are quite effective as descriptors of their catalytic activity toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). With the promise of graphene‐based materials to replace precious metal catalysts, descriptors of their chemical activity are much needed. Here, a site‐specific electronic descriptor is proposed based on the pz (π) orbital occupancy and its contribution to electronic states at the Fermi level. Simple structural descriptors are identified, and a linear predictive model is developed to precisely estimate adsorption free energies of OH (ΔGOH) at various sites of doped graphene, and it is demonstrated through prediction of the most optimal site for catalysis of ORR. These structural descriptors, essentially the number of ortho, meta, and para sites of N/B‐doped graphene sheet, can be extended to other doped sp2 hybridized systems, and greatly reduce the computational effort in estimating ΔGOH and site‐specific catalytic activity.
System competence modelling: Theoretical foundation and empirical validation of a model involving natural, social and human‐environment systems
Authors: Mehren Rainer , Rempfler Armin , Buchholz Janine , Hartig Johannes , Ulrich‐Riedhammer Eva M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractConstituting a metacognitive strategy, system competence or systems thinking can only assume its assigned key function as a basic concept for the school subject of geography in Germany after a theoretical and empirical foundation has been established. A measurement instrument is required which is suitable both for supporting students and for the evaluation of methodical‐didactic measures. Such a tool is theoretically anchored in an empirically validated geography‐didactic and cognition‐psychological competence model, providing a differentiated representation of both the internal structure of a competency and the proficiency levels. The starting point of this foundation was the development of a normative‐theoretically derived model of geographic system competence. Its empirical validation was performed in different phases aimed at operationalising the competence model by means of test problems. In order to analyse the factor structure of the theoretical model, various item response models were estimated. The item levels of difficulty expected in the competence model were related to the empirical levels of difficulty and predicted by means of ordinary least squares regression to verify the model for proficiency levels. The two‐dimensional competence model – with the two dimensions ‘system organisation and behaviour’ and ‘system‐adequate intention to act’ – exhibits a better fit in reference to the model fit criteria than the one‐dimensional and three‐dimensional models. The correlations between the expected and empirical item difficulties are positive. Items that should be more difficult according to the competence model are actually shown to be more difficult. These findings suggest the reliability and validity of this new measurement instrument for diagnosing and promoting geographical system competence. It has to be implemented in practice as the next step.
Optical fiber‐triggered solid‐state switch applied in power cables damped AC voltages test system
Authors: Jiang Jun , Luo Dingping , Yu Miao , Ma Guoming , Li Chengrong 
Published: December 2017

The damped AC voltage (DAC) cable partial discharge test system is an effective approach to diagnose offline cross‐linked polyethylene (XLPE) power cables. The high‐voltage solid‐state switch, as its core component, should meet the requirements of withstanding the high voltage, short conduction time, and low resistance. This paper reports the development of a solid‐state switch for 35 kV DAC test system using insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) connected in series. To improve the synchronization of the trigger signal, a trigger circuit based on optical fiber is designed. In order to solve the unbalanced voltage distribution of multilevel IGBTs in series, an RCD (resistor–capacitor–diode) snubber circuit is designed and utilized. Especially, lithium batteries were used to drive the trigger circuit, thereby avoiding the problem of isolation of power supplies. Besides, the problem of high‐voltage insulation was solved by designing a reasonable structure and layout. Test results show that the proposed solid‐state switch, with partial discharge inception voltage >62.5 kV, conduction time <320 ns, and conduction resistance <3.31 Ω, meets the special demands of the 35 kV DAC test system. It is demonstrated that the solid‐state switch based on optical‐fiber‐triggered IGBTs in series can be effectively applied in the DAC test system. © 2017 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Genotoxicity, biochemical, and biodistribution studies of magnesium oxide nano and microparticles in albino wistar rats after 28‐day repeated oral exposure
Authors: Mangalampalli Bhanuramya , Dumala Naresh , Perumalla Venkata Rekhadevi , Grover Paramjit 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIncreased utilization and exposure levels of Magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles (NPs) to humans and environment may raise unexpected consequences. The goal of this study was to evaluate the toxicological implications of MgO NPs and MPs after 28 day repeated oral administration in Wistar rats with three different doses (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg). The MgO particles were characterised systematically in order to get more insights of the toxicological behaviour. MgO NPs induced significant DNA damage and aberrations in chromosomes. Moreover, hepatic enzymes released into the systemic circulation caused significant elevated levels of physiological enzymes in blood. NPs could interfere with proteins and enzymes and alter the redox balance in cell environment. Significant accumulation of Mg in all tissues and clearance via urine and faeces was noted in size dependent kinetics. Oral administration of MgO NPs altered the biochemical and genotoxic parameters in dose dependent and gender independent manner.
Learning From Exemplary Teachers of Literacy
Authors: Duke Nell K. , Cervetti Gina N. , Wise Crystal N. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRecent articles in The Reading Teacher have communicated contributions of reading research over the last three decades. In this article, the authors focus on a type of research that has contributed to our understanding of practice: studies of exemplary teachers of literacy. The authors discuss three studies and their findings: a study of a teacher who was exemplary in fostering the literacy achievement of African American students; a study of two teachers who were, in comparison with five other teachers studied, exemplary in fostering literacy engagement; and a study of 36 teachers who were more and less effective at fostering literacy growth. These and other studies of exemplary teachers reveal a wide range of instructional practices and their orchestration.
Digital Play as Purposeful Productive Literacies in African American Boys
Authors: Lewis Ellison Tisha , Solomon Marva 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDigital literacies abound in playing a foundational role in the rhythm and pattern of our lives, yet debates continue about how to harness them to teach and learn literacy. In an effort to humanize digital literacies, this department column offers a vast array of topics, from participatory work that pushes educators and researchers to communicate in local and global spaces to ways of redefining core reading and literacy skills through a screen‐based, multimodal logic. This column also provides a venue for research and practical applications that depict technology use as a part of the fabric of being human. The column helps educators reconceptualize the ways that children learn with technology, media, and new communication systems; honors educator success stories and burning questions and issues; and reimagines literacy futures.
Produced water, money water, living water: Anthropological perspectives on water and fracking
Authors: de Rijke Kim 
Published: December 2017

Advances in hydraulic fracturing (aka “fracking”) technologies and horizontal drilling have enabled the extraction of previously unviable unconventional oil and gas resources. However, as global environmental concerns have become more prominent and unconventional oil and gas developments have moved ever closer to residential centers, public scrutiny of the industry and its methods and impacts of extraction have increased. Water impacts feature prominently among the contemporary societal concerns about fracking. These concerns include the large water requirements of the process itself, as well as concerns about the potential pollution of groundwater and the (underground) environment more broadly. Anthropologists have undertaken qualitative field research on unconventional gas developments in a variety of settings, largely among local communities in regions of extraction. The perspectives employed by anthropologists are commonly drawn from the broader social science literature, including the anthropology of water and natural resources, science and technology studies, studies of social movements, and studies which examine the energy‐society nexus. Based on the shortcomings of the published anthropological accounts, interdisciplinary research collaboration with hydrologists, engineers and economists, as well as a more fulsome engagement with the variety of hopes, fears and dreams of fracking and unconventional gas, is recommended.WIREs Water2018, 5:e1272. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1272This article is categorized under:Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of WaterScience of Water > Water QualityHuman Water > Methods
Functional Compromise Cohort Study (FCCS): Sarcopenia is a Strong Predictor of Mortality in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: de Hoogt P. A. , Reisinger K. W. , Tegels J. J. W. , Bosmans J. W. A. M. , Tijssen F. , Stoot J. H. M. B. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundFunctional compromise in elderly patients is considered to be a significant contributing factor in increased postoperative morbidity and mortality. It is described as a state of reduced physiologic reserves including, e.g., sarcopenia, cachexia, malnutrition and frailty with increased susceptibility to adverse health outcomes. Aim of this study was to investigate the association of sarcopenia with mortality in ICU patients.MethodsA retrospective analysis of a total of 687 patients admitted to the ICU from January 2013 until December 2014 was performed. Indirect measurements of functional compromise in these patients were conducted. Sarcopenia was assessed using the L3 muscle index by using Osirix© on computed tomography scans. Groningen Frailty Indicator (GFI) and Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire (SNAQ) scores were extracted from the digital patient filing system and were used to assess frailty and nutritional status. These factors were analyzed using logistic regression analysis as predictor for in‐hospital mortality and 6‐month mortality, which was the primary endpoint along with other secondary outcome measures.ResultsAge was an independent predictor of in‐hospital mortality, OR 1.043 (95% CI 1.030–1.057, p < 0.001). Analysis of sarcopenia showed OR 2.361 (95% CI 1.138–4.895, p = 0.021), for GFI OR 1.012 (95% CI 0.919–1.113, p = 0.811) and for SNAQ OR 1.262 (95% CI 1.091–1.460, p = 0.002).ConclusionThis study shows a promising role for the sarcopenia score as a predictor of mortality on the ICU, based upon CT imaging at L3 level and SNAQ score. Further research is necessary to test this in larger cohorts and to develop a possible instrument to predict mortality in the intensive care unit.
Statistical recipe for quantifying microbial functional diversity from EcoPlate metabolic profiling
Authors: Miki Takeshi , Yokokawa Taichi , Ke Po‐Ju , Hsieh I‐Fang , Hsieh Chih‐hao , Kume Tomonori , Yoneya Kinuyo , Matsui Kazuaki 
Published: December 2017

AbstractEcoPlate quantifies the ability of a microbial community to utilize 31 distinct carbon substrates, by monitoring color development of microplate wells during incubation. Well color patterns represent metabolic profiles. Previous studies typically used color patterns representing average values of three technical replicates on the final day of the incubation and did not consider substrate chemical diversity. However, color fluctuates during incubation and color varies between replicates, undermining statistical power to distinguish differences among samples in microbial functional composition and diversity. Therefore, we developed a protocol to improve statistical power with two approaches. First, we optimized data treatment for color development during incubation and technical replicates. Second, we incorporated chemical structural information for the 31 carbon substrates into the computation. Our framework implemented as the protocol in the R environment is able to compare the statistical power among different calculation methods. When we applied it to data from aquatic microcosm and forest soil systems, we observed substantial improvement in statistical power when we incorporated temporal patterns during incubation instead of using only endpoint data. Using maximum or minimum values of technical replicates also sometimes gave better results than averages. Incorporating chemical structural information based on fuzzy set theory could improve statistical power but only when relative color density information was considered; it was not seen when the pattern was first binarized into the presence or absence of metabolic activity. Finally, we discuss research directions to improve these approaches and offer some practical considerations for applying our methods to other datasets.
Recent challenges and advances in genetically-engineered cell therapy
Authors: Yong Seok-Beom , Chung Jee Young , Song Yoonsung , Kim Yong-Hee 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cells naturally sense and actively response to their environment. Cell-therapy has long been studied and shown therapeutic effects in various diseases. However, several hurdles should be overcome to improve cell-based therapy. Gene delivery-mediated cellular modification has shown improvement of cell function by obstacle gene silencing and therapeutic gene expression. Especially, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing is a very promising method for gene modification. In this review, we describe the recent advances in genetic modification for cell therapy. Stem cells are still promising source of cell therapy due to their self-renewal character and differentiation potential. Immune cells regulate the inflammatory response and immunization, which inspired various cell therapy using immune-regulatory cells. Conclusively, we emphasize the need to develop gene-modification-based cell therapy as potent future treatment.
Study on frictional behavior of carbon nanotube thin films with respect to surface condition
Authors: Hwang Youn-Hoo , Myung Byung-Soo , Kim Hyun-Joon 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
In this work, tribological characteristics of thin films composed of entangled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were investigated. The surface roughness of CNT thin films fabricated via a dip-coating process was controlled by squeezing during the process with an applied normal force ranging from 0 to 5 kgf. Raman spectra and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the thin films were obtained to estimate the influence of the squeezing process on the crystallinity of the CNTs. The analysis revealed that squeezing could reduce surface roughness, while preserving the crystallinity of the CNTs. Moreover, the surface energy of the cover glass used to press the CNT thin film was found to be the critical factor controlling surface roughness. A micro-tribometer and macro-tribometer were used to assess the tribological characteristics of the CNT thin film. The results of the tribotest exhibited a correlation between the friction coefficient and surface roughness. Dramatic changes in friction coefficient could be observed in the micro-tribotest, while changes in friction coefficient in the macro-tribotest were not significant.
A multiscale subpixel mixture analysis applied for melt detection using passive microwave and radar scatterometer image time series of the Antarctic Peninsula (1999–2009)
Authors: De Freitas Marcos W. D. , Mendes Júnior Cláudio W. , Arigony-Neto Jorge , Costi Juliana , Simões Jefferson C. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTThis paper reports a comparative analysis performed on a fraction-image time series of the Antarctic Peninsula from the period 1999–2009 generated by multiresolution remote-sensing images (SSM/I and SSMI/S with 25 km and QuikSCAT with 2.225 km spatial resolutions) for snow-melt detection. Our method is based on the (a) preprocessing of multitemporal remote-sensing data, (b) subpixel mixture analysis of SSMI and QuikSCAT image time series, and (c) evaluation of subpixel analysis, including an assessment of fraction images of wet snow using an independent ASAR dataset and sensitivity analysis on the melt metrics measured by these images. The temporal dynamics of the melt indices derived from the wet-snow fraction images presented a more realistic pattern than the traditional melt metrics measured by Boolean snow-melt detection approaches. Because the snow melt actually occurs at the pixel fractions, the multiscale analysis that was performed suggests an overestimation of the melt metrics calculated using Boolean approaches (which assume that the entire area of the detected pixel shows snow melt). The melt metrics measurements show an overestimation according to the decrease in spatial resolution related to the multiplicative effect of a larger pixel area.