bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of instructional design principles for using ICT in resource-limited learning environments: a case of Bangladesh
Authors: Hwang Yoonjung , Lim Cheolil 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe integration of ICT in education in developing countries has become a significant focus in various ODA projects and educational research. With the increasing demand for teachers to incorporate ICT in their classrooms, the precise methods for effectively integrating ICT resources have not been thoroughly explored. Therefore, this research aimed to develop the most optimal instructional design principles that may systematically guide teachers in planning their lessons using ICT, specifically in the context of Bangladesh. By employing the design and development research method, this research developed an initial set of instructional design principles based on literature review and field research, then elaborated on the principles through three sets of internal validation tests and a usability test by conducting in-depth interviews to confirm the applicability of the principles in real classroom settings in Bangladesh. The final version of instructional design principles is composed of five components, ten principles, and 22 specific guidelines. Two distinct features of the principles are discussed for further research. In discussion, this research underscores the necessity of providing practical instructional design principles to guide teachers in effectively utilizing ICT, particularly within a resource-limited learning environment like Bangladesh.
Mandatory Academic service learning and Continual Civic Engagement: Which Learning Outcomes Matter?
Authors: Lin Shuheng , Ngai Grace , Kwan Kam Por , Chan Stephen C. F. , Lo Kenneth W. K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUsing survey results from 805 alumni of a large public university in Hong Kong, this paper examines how alumni’s self-reported learning outcomes from a mandatory academic service learning program relate to their continual civic engagement in a multiple logistic regression framework. The findings reveal that more than two years after graduation, alumni maintained positive views of their experiences from the service learning program. They also reported having learned a fair amount or more in various domains, including intellectual, social, civic, and cross-cultural competency. Importantly, alumni who reported higher gains in civic learning were more likely to engage in post-graduation charitable donations and volunteering, while other learning outcomes were insignificant predictors. These findings remain robust even after controlling for alumni’s community service activities during college and views toward their service learning experience. This study underscores the importance of not assuming civic learning as an automatic outcome of service learning. Instead, civic learning should be explicitly and deliberately incorporated into students’ experiences for service learning to be an effective vehicle to increase and sustain civic engagement among university graduates.
First interim results from FINE-REAL: a prospective, non-interventional, phase 4 study providing insights into the use and safety of finerenone in a routine clinical setting
Authors: Nicholas Susanne B. , Correa-Rotter Ricardo , Desai Nihar R. , Guo Lixin , Navaneethan Sankar D. , Pantalone Kevin M. , Wanner Christoph , Hamacher Stefanie , Fatoba Samuel T. , Horvat-Broecker Andrea , Garreta-Rufas Antonio , Gay Alain , Merz Martin , Wheeler David C. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Finerenone, a selective non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, improves kidney and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The FINE-REAL study (NCT05348733) aims to evaluate the characteristics and treatment patterns of participants treated with finerenone in clinical practice.

Methods
FINE-REAL is a prospective, single-arm, non-interventional study of patients initiated on finerenone as part of their routine care in accordance with country-approved labels. The study, initiated in June 2022, is expected to be completed by January 2028. The cutoff for this pre-specified interim analysis was June 13, 2023.

Results
Participants were recruited across nephrology, endocrinology, cardiology, and primary care settings. Of 556 participants enrolled in the study by the cut-off date, 504 were included in this analysis (median follow-up duration of 7 months [finerenone treatment initiation to last recorded observation]). At baseline, 76.1% of participants were in the high or very high (KDIGO) CKD risk categories. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers and sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors were prescribed to 71.8% and 46.6% of participants, respectively. Based on prescribing information, 87.9% and 12.1% of participants initiated finerenone at doses of 10 and 20 mg, respectively. Finerenone treatment was uninterrupted in 92.3% of participants after 7 months’ median follow-up. Treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in 110 (21.8%) participants. Hyperkalemia occurred in 25 (5.0%) participants, with no cases leading to death, dialysis, or hospitalization.

Conclusion
At this interim analysis, finerenone was initiated in patients with CKD and T2D across various clinical practices participating in the study. Treatment discontinuation and hyperkalemia occurred infrequently.

Graphical abstract
Analyzing Question Characteristics Influencing ChatGPT’s Performance in 3000 USMLE®-Style Questions
Authors: Alfertshofer Michael , Knoedler Samuel , Hoch Cosima C. , Cotofana Sebastian , Panayi Adriana C. , Kauke-Navarro Martin , Tullius Stefan G. , Orgill Dennis P. , Austen William G. , Pomahac Bohdan , Knoedler Leonard 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
The potential of artificial intelligence (AI) and large language models like ChatGPT in medical applications is promising, yet its performance requires comprehensive evaluation. This study assessed ChatGPT’s capabilities in answering USMLE® Step 2CK questions, analyzing its performance across medical specialties, question types, and difficulty levels in a large-scale question test set to assist question writers in developing AI-resistant exam questions and provide medical students with a realistic understanding of how AI can enhance their active learning.

Materials and Methods
A total of n=3302 USMLE® Step 2CK practice questions were extracted from the AMBOSS© study platform, excluding 302 image-based questions, leaving 3000 text-based questions for analysis. Questions were manually entered into ChatGPT and its accuracy and performance across various categories and difficulties were evaluated.

Results
ChatGPT answered 57.7% of all questions correctly. Highest performance scores were found in the category “Male Reproductive System” (71.7%) while the lowest were found in the category “Immune System” (46.3%). Lower performance was noted in table-based questions, and a negative correlation was found between question difficulty and performance (rs=−0.285, p <0.001). Longer questions tended to be answered incorrectly more often (rs=−0.076, p <0.001), with a significant difference in length of correctly versus incorrectly answered questions.

Conclusion
ChatGPT demonstrated proficiency close to the passing threshold for USMLE® Step 2CK. Performance varied by category, question type, and difficulty. These findings aid medical educators make their exams more AI-proof and inform the integration of AI tools like ChatGPT into teaching strategies. For students, understanding the model’s limitations and capabilities ensures it is used as an auxiliary resource to foster active learning rather than abusing it as a study replacement. This study highlights the need for further refinement and improvement in AI models for medical education and decision-making.
From Abel’s differential equations to Hilbert’s 16th problem
Authors: Gasull Armengol 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe study of the limit cycles of planar polynomial differential equations is motivated both by its appearance in many mathematical models of the real-world as for the second part of Hilbert’s 16th problem. In this work we briefly summarize some results on this subject and we will also highlight the important role that the Abel’s differential equations play in its study. In the way, we recall some nice properties of the Riccati’s differential equations.
Origin and characteristics of collapsible soils state of the art report
Authors: Hamdy D. B. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study establishes a foundational framework addressing challenges, implications, and potential remedies related to collapsible soils. Serving as a cornerstone for global exploration, it emphasizes the importance of understanding geological, structural, and mechanical characteristics for early identification and proactive mitigation. The study underscores the significance of preventing structural damages in regions prone to collapsible soils, discussing their diverse types and origins, structural composition, and mechanical behavior. A detailed exploration highlights their prevalence in semi-arid and arid regions, emphasizing distinct geological features associated with their occurrence.
The hazard of mortality across different levels of frailty are increased among patients with high Braden scores
Authors: Nygaard Hanne , Kamper Rikke S. , Nielsen Finn E. , Hansen Sofie K. , Hansen Pernille , Wejse Miriam R. , Pressel Eckart , Rasmussen Jens , Suetta Charlotte , Ekmann Anette 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To examine the prognostic accuracy of the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) and Braden Scale (BS) separately and combined for 90-day mortality. Furthermore, to examine the effect of frailty on mortality depending on different levels of the Braden score.

Methods
The study included acutely admitted medical patients ≥ 65 years. We used an optimum cutoff for CSF and BS at ≥ 4 and ≤ 19, respectively. CFS categorized frailty as Non-frail (< 4), Frail (4–5), and Severely frail (> 5). Prognostic accuracy was estimated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Cox regression analysis was used to compute the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for mortality.

Results
The mean age among 901 patients (54% female) was 79 years. The AUROC for CFS and BS was 0.65 (CI95% 0.60–0.71) and 0.71 (CI95% 0.66–0.76), respectively. aHR for mortality of CFS ≥ 4, BS ≤ 19, and combined were 2.3 (CI95% 1.2–4.2), 1.9 (CI95% 1.3–2.9), and 1.9 (CI95% 1.3–2.8), respectively. For BS > 19, the aHR for mortality was 2.2 (CI95% 1.0–4.8) and 3.5 (CI95% 1.4–8.6) for ‘frail’ and ‘severely frail’, respectively. aHR for BS ≤ 19 was 1.1 (CI95% 0.4–3.2) and 1.3 (CI95% 0.5–3.7) for ‘frail’ and ‘severely frail’, respectively.

Conclusion
Although CFS and BS were associated with 90-day mortality among older acutely admitted medical patients, the prognostic accuracy was poor-to-moderate, and the combination of CFS and BS did not improve the prognostic accuracy. However, the hazard of mortality across different levels of frailty groups were particularly increased among patients with high BS scores.

Graphical abstract
Sustainable three-dimensional printing of waste paper-based functional materials and constructs
Authors: Cai Chengcheng , Zhang Pei , Wang Yafei , Tan Yun , Lei Iek Man , Xu Ben Bin , Liu Ji 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) printing is a prominent technology across various industrial sectors, and its increasing popularity urgently calls for sustainable 3D printing materials. However, the availability of such materials remains under exploit. Here, we present a low-cost strategy to harnesses waste papers as a feedstock to develop sustainable 3D printing inks. This approach offers a remarkable printability and circular utilisation of biodegradable paper wastes to produce 3D printed constructs, with desired mechanical properties and shape stability for high temperature applications. Our constructs can be efficiently recycled into inks for reprinting, and our method can be applied to various types of waste papers. By employing multi-material printing, our approach can be extended to produce multi-coloured constructs, security information printings, and mechanically appealing designs. This strategy offers an innovative and sustainable solution that addresses the need for repurposing paper wastes, which would otherwise end up in landfills, while concurrently reducing the reliance on virgin plastics for 3D printing.
Exercise Interventions for the Prevention of Sarcopenia After Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mendes Cláudia , Carvalho Manuel , Bravo Jorge , Martins Sandra , Raimundo Armando 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Bariatric surgery is a treatment for severe obesity and its associated conditions, which already has ample evidence of its benefits. In addition to the reduction in body fat mass, the weight loss caused by bariatric surgery includes a significant reduction in skeletal muscle and bone mineral mass, which could negatively affect functional capacity and increase the risk of sarcopenia. The need for prophylactic programs that prevent sarcopenia in bariatric surgery patients seems to be one of the crucial points for the long-term surgical success of bariatric and metabolic surgery. This study aims to review the published literature regarding the effects of physical exercise on the prevention of sarcopenia induced by bariatric surgery.

Methods
We followed the PRISMA checklist for systematic reviews conducted in PubMed/Medline, EBSCO, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Randomized controlled, controlled clinical, and other types of experimental studies were considered for inclusion. A total of 356 possibly relevant studies were identified with quality considered reasonable and good. Eight studies were included in the review: six of which were randomized experimental studies, one was a pilot study, and one a quasi-experimental study.

Results
Structured physical exercise allows significant improvements in body composition, positively affecting functional capacity, muscle strength, cardio-metabolic risk factors, and quality of life in patients with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery, especially when combined exercise is implemented in the initial weeks following surgery.

Conclusion
A combined, individualized, and supervised exercise program contributes to preventing and reducing sarcopenia after bariatric surgery.
How to fight acute sun damage? Current skin care strategies
Authors: Jesus Ana , Sousa Emília , Cidade Honorina , Cruz Maria T. , Almeida Isabel F. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractExcessive exposure to sunlight can contribute for skin photo-damage, such as sunburn, dryness, wrinkles, hyperpigmentation, immunosuppressive events and skin sensitization reactions. The use of aftersun products is an effective strategy to reduce the visible signs and symptoms of acute photodamage in the skin. Aiming to unveil the active ingredients able to offset acute sun damage, this work focuses on the characterization of the aftersun products market. A total of 84 after-sun formulations from 41 international brands currently marketed in Portugal were analyzed concerning the composition described on the product label, identifying natural and synthetic/semi-synthetic ingredients with the ability to mitigate solar-induced effects. The majority of aftersun formulations contained ingredients derived from terrestrial and marine sources (> 80%). An in-depth examination of these compounds is also offered, revealing the top of the most used natural and synthetic/semi-synthetic ingredients present in aftersun products, as well as their mechanism of action. A critical appraisal of the scientific data was made aiming to highlight the scientific evidence of ingredients able to mitigate skin photodamage. Amino acids and peptides, and A. barbadensis extract were tested for their in vivo efficacy. Nevertheless, all the ingredients were analyzed with in vitro studies as preliminary screening before in vivo, ex vivo and/or clinical studies. In summary, this study provides an overview of the use of active ingredients in commercial aftersun products to understand better the benefits associated with their use in cosmetic formulations and identify opportunities for innovation.
Graphical abstract
Geochemistry by Laser‐Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy on the Moon: Accuracy, Detection Limits, and Realistic Constraints on Interpretations
Authors: Dyar M. D. , Ytsma C. R. , Lepore K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAfter its successful implementation on the surface of Mars, laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is likely to be employed on a diverse array of other solid bodies in our Solar System. Here we address the accuracy and quantification limits of LIBS under the vacuum conditions found on the Moon relative to what is known about its geochemistry. The interplay among accuracy as represented by root mean‐squared errors (RMSE), the median concentration, and quantification limits (LOQ) of LIBS analyses for each of 69 elements is evaluated. This comparison shows that several key elements in lunar geochemistry cannot be well‐studied with LIBS, including K2O, S, Rb, Br, and C. Conversely, highly accurate analyses of SiO2, CaO, and many minor and trace elements such as Mn, Yb, and Zn are possible under conditions found on the Moon. Use of LIBS must always be considered in the context of the geochemistry and geology of the target materials.
Changes in Healthcare Utilization After the 2022 Seoul Metropolitan Flood: Applying a Generalized Synthetic Control Approach
Authors: Jang Marnpyung , Yoon Jaeyoung , Yun Yeseul , Kim Jaiyong , Jang Hoyeon , Benmarhnia Tarik , Han Changwoo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFloods can have adverse health effects and impose a burden on healthcare systems. However, the potential consequences of floods on specific medical causes in densely populated metropolitan cities has not been characterized yet. Therefore, we evaluate the changes in healthcare utilization patterns after the 2022 Seoul flood using nationwide health insurance data. Based on the flood inundation map, districts within the flooded municipalities of Seoul were classified as severe‐(n = 12), mild‐(n = 22), or non‐(n = 38) flood‐affected districts. Capitalizing on the timing of the flood as a natural experiment, a generalized synthetic control method was applied to estimate changes in the number of disease‐specific hospital visits in flood‐affected districts during 2 weeks after the flood. We found excess hospital visits for external injuries (20.2 visits, 95% CI: −6.0, 45.2) and fewer visits for pregnancy and puerperium (−3.0 visits, 95% CI: −5.1, −0.5) in residents of flooded districts. When comparing severe‐ and non‐flood districts, the increase in hospital visits for external injuries (56.2 visits, 95% CI: 17.2, 93.2) and a decrease in hospital visits related to pregnancy and puerperium (−5.3 visits, 95% CI: −8.4, −1.6) were prominent in residents living in severe‐flood affected districts. Disease specific analysis showed an increase in hospital visits for injuries to the elbow and forearm, ankle and foot injuries, and chronic lower respiratory diseases in severe‐flood‐affected districts. However, these impacts were not observed when comparing the mild‐ and non‐flood‐affected districts. Our study suggests an immediate and substantial change in medical demand following flood exposure, highlighting the importance of public health responses after flood events.
Nonstationarity of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation's Fingerprint on Sea Surface Temperature
Authors: Mackay Quinn , Fan Yifei , Karnauskas Kristopher B. , Li Laifang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSea surface temperature (SST) has been increasing since industrialization with rising greenhouse gases. However, a warming hole exists in the North Atlantic where SST has cooled by 0.4 K/century during 1900–2017. It has been argued that this cooling is due to a slowdown of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), and subpolar North Atlantic SST has thus been utilized to estimate AMOC variability. We assess the robustness of subpolar North Atlantic SST as a proxy for AMOC strength under historical forcing, abrupt quadrupling of CO2, and a medium future emissions pathway, finding that AMOC's fingerprint on SST depends upon forcing scenarios. AMOC is important in warming hole development during significant warming periods, although SST may introduce uncertainties for AMOC reconstruction in stabilized regimes due to diverse forcing mechanisms and decadal variability. Our results caution against using SST alone as a proxy for AMOC variability—both on paleoclimatic and contemporary time scales.
Automatic Monitoring of Rock‐Slope Failures Using Distributed Acoustic Sensing and Semi‐Supervised Learning
Authors: Kang Jiahui , Walter Fabian , Paitz Patrick , Aichele Johannes , Edme Pascal , Meier Lorenz , Fichtner Andreas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEffective use of the wealth of information provided by Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) for mass movement monitoring remains a challenge. We propose a semi‐supervised neural network tailored to screen DAS data related to a series of rock collapses leading to a major failure of approximately 1.2 million on 15 June 2023 in Brienz, Eastern Switzerland. Besides DAS, the dataset from 16 May to 30 June 2023 includes Doppler radar data for partially ground‐truth labeling. The proposed algorithm is capable of distinguishing between rock‐slope failures and background noise, including road and train traffic, with a detection precision of over . It identifies hundreds of precursory failures and shows sustained detection hours before and during the major collapse. Event size and signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) are the key performance dependencies. As a critical part of our algorithm operates unsupervised, we suggest that it is suitable for general monitoring of natural hazards.
The Hydrophobic Component of Terrestrial Dissolved Organic Nitrogen Promotes Shifting Diatom–Dinoflagellate Dominance in the Bohai Sea
Authors: Chen Kan , Yang Rui , Li Min , Chen Yanan , Han Xiurong , Zhao Jing , Li Keqiang , Wang Xiulin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHuman‐induced dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) input is impacting coastal ecosystems globally, and the shift from diatoms to dinoflagellates may be associated with increasing DON concentrations and changing DON compositions. Based on field microcosm experiments, changes in three‐dimensional fluorescence component and extracellular leucine aminopeptidase activity were used to reveal the effects of DON on diatom and dinoflagellate growth. Additionally, a Nutrients–bi‐Phytoplankton–Detritus biogeochemical model was employed to elucidate the kinetic mechanism of DON on the shift from diatoms to dinoflagellates in the Bohai Sea (BS). Our results revealed that shifting diatom–dinoflagellate dominance was associated with the hydrophobic component of terrestrial DON. Dinoflagellates (i.e., Karenia mikimotoi) efficiently assimilated humic‐like substances in hydrophobic DON; whereas, diatoms (i.e., Chaetoceros spp.) efficiently utilized the protein‐like components in hydrophilic DON. The reason for this was the higher extracellular leucine aminopeptidase activity of dinoflagellates compared to that of diatoms, which enabled them to degrade humic‐like substances and protein‐like components more effectively. The modeling study clarified that the DON composition, particularly the proportion of hydrophobic DON, regulated the shift from diatoms to dinoflagellates. Our study provides insight into the mechanisms underlying phytoplankton regime shifts in the BS and valuable guidance for decreasing eutrophication by controlling terrestrial DON inputs and compositions.