bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating climate change adaptation strategies in urban planning and landscape design of Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia
Authors: Worku Hailu 
Published: January 2018

AbstractClimate change (CC) is now recognized as posing a serious threat to the sustainable development of Addis Ababa city, Ethiopia. As a consequence, city authorities are showing increasing interest in combating CC by streamlining adaptation measures into city development planning through a comprehensive and integrated approach. Nevertheless, in the past, the integration of CC adaptation into urban planning (UP) and landscape design (LD) was not given adequate consideration by planners and designers due to lack of knowledge regarding CC and the efforts that can be taken to mitigate its effects. The objective of this work is:• To summarize the current state of knowledge of, and conceptualization of, the core elements of CC impacts and responses in Addis Ababa in terms of their implications for UP and LD in the city;• To develop a common understanding among urban planners and related professionals of how improvements in UP and LD can contribute to CC adaptation; and• To mainstream CC in future UP and LD endeavors.The results of this study show that integrating CC adaptation and other response options into UP and LD at the city, subcity/catchment, neighborhood, site/project, and building levels will enhance the sustainability of the city with respect to its resilience to flood risk hazards, water supply during drought periods, and urban heat island effects.
Retention of radiotransmitters tail‐mounted on 6 bird species
Authors: Stanton Richard A. , Burke Alicia D. , Carrlson Kaylan M. , Kesler Dylan C. , Faaborg John , Thompson Frank R. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTRadiotransmitters can be tail‐mounted using cyanoacrylate glue and an accelerant rather than using a harness. Tail‐mounted transmitters are dropped or shed when the rectrices molt, which may reduce transmitter effects while providing retention times sufficient for most research objectives. However, retention times of tail‐mounted transmitters for birds are insufficiently described, and bias from not following all birds until transmitters are shed has been ignored. We studied transmitter retention of 106 birds of 6 species in the United States of America, 2010–2013, using direct observations and survival modeling based on radiotelemetry tracking. Cox proportional hazard survival models predicted median transmitter retention times from 4 to 53 days, depending on species. Our results suggest that researchers should anticipate premature (i.e., <30 days) tag loss rates from 15% to 38% for adult birds, and adjust permit and funding applications accordingly. However, predicted premature tag loss approached 100% for independent juvenile birds, which frequently appeared to disperse long distances, leading to few or no failure events to inform models. Overall, our results provide guidance for the design of future telemetry studies while demonstrating that tail‐mounting transmitters can yield adequate data for a variety of research objectives. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Função e qualidade de vida de pacientes com fratura do planalto tibial operados com placa bloqueada ou convencional: estudo comparativo
Authors: Schröder e Souza Bruno , Leite Thiago , Silva Tarsis , Candido Carlos , de Almeida Felipe , de Oliveira Valdeci 
Published: January 2018

ResumoComparar resultados clínicos, funcionais e de qualidade de vida de pacientes com fratura do planalto tibial operados com placa bloqueada ou convencional e comparar os custos hospitalares dos implantes.Estudo comparativo de coortes transversal, retrospectivo, em uma série consecutiva de pacientes com fratura do planalto tibial tratados cirurgicamente entre agosto de 2015 e junho de 2016. Foram excluídos: menores de 18 anos; indivíduos incapazes de responder os questionários ou de comparecer para reavaliação; politraumatizados ou com lesões associadas no mesmo membro; pacientes não tratados com placa ou conservadoramente. Os autores compararam os custos dos implantes, a qualidade de vida (SF-12), o escore de Lysholm, a escala visual de dor e os parâmetros clínicos e radiográficos.Foram observadas 45 fraturas no período, das quais 11 foram excluídas. Dos 34 pacientes, dois não compareceram à entrevista (seguimento de 94%). O tempo de seguimento foi 15,1 ± 4,8 meses. O grupo A (placa bloqueada) incluiu 22 pacientes (69%), com custo hospitalar médio dos implantes de R$ 4.125,39 (dp = R$1.634,79/paciente). O grupo B (placa convencional) incluiu dez pacientes (31%), a um custo médio de R$ 438,53 (dp = R$ 161,8/paciente; p < 0,00001). Para os demais parâmetros avaliados, não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos, exceto por um maior degrau articular no grupo A (2,7 mm ± 3,3 mm vs. 0,5 mm ± 1,6 mm; p = 0,02; TE = 0,90).O custo dos implantes bloqueados para o tratamento das fraturas do planalto tibial é significativamente superior aos implantes convencionais, embora não tenham apresentado vantagem clínica, radiográfica, funcional ou de qualidade de vida, nos pacientes dessa amostra.
Psychological Attributes of Ultramarathoners
Authors: Buck Katherine , Spittler Jack , Reed Alex , Khodaee Morteza 
Published: January 2018

Introduction As the popularity of ultramarathon participation increases, there still exists a lack of understanding of the unique psychological characteristics of ultramarathon runners. The current study sought to investigate some of the psychological and behavioral factors that are involved in ultramarathon running. Methods We obtained information from participants of the Bear Chase Trail Race via an online survey. This race is a single-day, multidistance race consisting of a 10 k, half marathon, 50 k, 50 mi, and 100 k run in Lakewood, Colorado, at a base altitude of 1680 m with total altitude in climbs ranging from 663 to 2591 m. We correlated information from the Exercise Addiction Inventory and the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 and demographic information with race finish times. Results Out of 200 runners who started the race, 98 (48%) completed the survey. Over half of the runners were men (61.2%), and the average age was 39.0 years (SD±8.9; range 21–64 years). A number of respondents (20%) screened positive for exercise addiction concerns. Approximately 20% of our sample screened positive for depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-2 score >3). The majority of participants reported receiving strong social support from current partners with regard to their ultramarathon running training time and goals. Conclusions Although only a screening, the number of positive screens on the Exercise Addiction Inventory suggests use of screening measures with an ultramarathon running population. Athletes with positive screening tests should be fully evaluated for depression and exercise addiction because this would enable appropriate athlete support and treatment referral.
OP06 Past Speculations Of Future Health Technologies: What Did They Predict?
Authors: Doos Lucy , Packer Claire , Ward Derek , Simpson Sue , Stevens Andrew 
Published: January 2018

INTRODUCTION:Rapid technological innovation is leading to new health technologies and interventions becoming available to healthcare markets at increasing speed; these often cost more than current alternatives and significantly affect the cost of healthcare services and delivery (1). Identifying future technologies supports service preparedness, long-term planning, and strategic decision making. The aim of this study was to describe and classify health technologies predicted in fifteen forecasting studies according to their type, purpose and clinical use, and relate these to the original purpose and timing of the forecasting studies.METHODS:This was a descriptive study of predicted healthcare technologies identified in fifteen forecasting studies included in a previously published systematic review (2). Outcomes related to (i) each forecast study including country, year, intent and forecasting methods used, and (ii) the predicted technology type, purpose, targeted clinical area and forecast timeframe.RESULTS:We identified 896 predicted health-related topics, of which 685 were health technologies. Of these, 19.1 percent were diagnostic or imaging tests and 14.3 percent devices or biomaterials; 38.1 percent were intended to treat or manage disease and 21.6 percent to diagnose or monitor disease. The most frequent targeted clinical areas were infectious diseases followed by cancer, circulatory and nervous system disorders. The mean timeframe for technology forecast was 11.6 years (Standard Deviation, SD = 6.6). The forecasting timeframe significantly differed by technology type (p = .002), the intent of the forecasting group (p < .0001), and the methods used (p < .0001).CONCLUSIONS:Our description and classification of predicted health-related technologies from prior forecasting studies provides an overview of the technological and clinical frontiers of innovation in health and healthcare provision.
OP21 Involving Clinical Experts In Prioritizing Topics For Health Technology Assessment: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Cook Andrew , Streit Elke , Davage Gill 
Published: January 2018

INTRODUCTION:The National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment (NIHR HTA) Programme commissions research to inform health services in the United Kingdom. The program prioritises research ideas from literature, guidelines, patients, and clinicians, to decide which research should be funded. We get clinical input on these ideas through (i) committees of clinicians and patients and (ii) seeking written advice from multiple clinicians — a refereeing process. Chairs of our committees suggested that the material we sent to clinicians was too extensive and the method of response too burdensome. We set out to determine whether reducing the information provided or burden of response would improve the engagement of clinicians with our processes, and hence improve the quality of advice provided, and the research available to health services.METHODS:We undertook a factorial randomized controlled trial (University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine Ethics Committee #8192, Trial registration: ACTRN12614000167662). Each participant was randomized to receive one of two types of material to comment on, and one of two means to respond. In the first allocation participants were randomised in a 1:1 ratio between receiving a ‘vignette’ (a briefing paper of up to ten pages discussing possible research = usual practice), or a ‘commissioning brief’ (a single page summarising the proposed research). In the second allocation, the method of response was randomized, between a structured form and free text email.RESULTS:We randomized 460 clinical experts, and 356 (77.4 percent) responded. The responses were graded for quality on a scale of 0 to 4 (higher scores better). Non-response was scored as 0. Analysis using ANOVA gave results of a structured response scoring .34 points (Standard Deviation, SD .36) over a freeform response (p = .02); and the commissioning brief as .04 points over a vignette (p = .81).CONCLUSIONS:This was the first randomized trial to take place inside the secretariat of the HTA program. The difference in quality score between the brief and the vignette allocations was neither statistically nor practically important. The difference between the structured and freeform response was statistically significant, and sufficiently large to be important in practice. While the choice of material to share with clinicians seems unimportant we have shown that it is worth sending a structured response form to experts.
OP40 First Case Of Disinvestment Using Real-World Evidence In Brazil
Authors: de Lemos Livia Pires , Guerra Augusto , Pereira Ramon , Gomes Rosangela , Godói Isabella , Diniz Isabela , Zimmermann Ivan , Santos Marisa , Bennie Marion , Godman Brian , Canuto Vania , Petramale Clarice , Acurcio Francisco 
Published: January 2018

INTRODUCTION:Beta-interferons are used as first-line therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in Brazil. In order to evaluate the possible inferiority of one of the beta-interferons available and support a guideline update, we conducted an eleven-year (January 2000 to December 2010) nationwide real-world performance assessment using the Unified Health System (SUS) databases.METHODS:We assessed whether patients using subcutaneous beta-interferon switched treatment, relapsed or died (composite event) earlier than patients using intramuscular beta-interferons. Patients without a dispensing registry longer than three months were censored. We used the Kaplan-Meier method to estimate the cumulative probability of persistence on initial treatment, and compared groups with the Log-rank test. The influence of the drug on the occurrence of event was assessed with Cox proportional hazards analysis.RESULTS:The number of patients included was 12,154, and the majority started treatment with subcutaneous beta-interferon-1a (45.7 percent), followed by subcutaneous beta-interferon-1b (27.7 percent) and by intramuscular beta-interferon (26.6 percent). Women represented 73.1 percent and the mean age was 38.93±11.34 years old. The group of patients who used intramuscular beta-interferon switched treatment, relapsed or died earlier (median 47 months; 95 percent Confidence Interval, CI 44–52) than patients using the subcutaneous beta-interferons, (69 months (95 percent CI 64–76) for beta- interferon 1a and 73 (95 percent CI 66–84) months for beta-interferon 1b) (p< .0001 for both comparisons). Accordingly, the use of intramuscular beta-interferon was associated with a higher probability of event (Hazard ratio, HR 1.38; 95 percent CI 1.29-1.48), while the use of the other beta-interferons had a protective effect (1a: HR .86; 95 percent CI .81-.92; 1b: HR .89; 95 percent CI .83-.95).CONCLUSIONS:The inferiority of intramuscular beta-interferon found in the real-world corroborates findings from head-to-head studies and systematic reviews conducted by Cochrane and the National Commission for Technology Incorporation in SUS (CONITEC/Brazil). This result led to disinvestment in intramuscular beta-interferon and was the first case of clinical guideline update using real-world evidence in Brazil.
OP77 Identifying Topics For Health Technology Assessment: The German “ThemenCheck Medizin”
Authors: Siering Ulrich , Thys Sarah , Mischke Claudia , Altenhofen Lutz 
Published: January 2018

INTRODUCTION:Clinicians, epidemiologists, economists and other non-medical professions are involved in the production of Health Technology Assessment (HTA) reports. In addition, patients or representatives from patient organizations, as well as the general public, are increasingly involved. In 2015 a new proposal process of topic selection for HTA reports was initiated by German legislation with the aim of more closely involving patients and the general public. The new process has been implemented by the Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG) under the project title “ThemenCheck Medizin” (Topic Check Medicine).METHODS:Since July 2016, patients and the general public can propose topics for HTA reports to IQWiG, excluding topics on the assessment of drugs. The proposals are submitted via the IQWiG website www.themencheck-medizin.iqwig.de (available only in German). No specific expertize is required for the submission of a topic. On the basis of the proposals a selection committee (patient representatives appointed by patient organizations legitimized in Germany) choose up to fifteen topics deemed suitable for HTA reports. In 2017 the committe will be extended to include members of the general public. IQWiG makes the final decision on the selection of up to five topics per year for HTA reports.RESULTS:In the first proposal phase thirty proposals were submitted. The topics were allocated to the following categories: two for diagnostics; four for teeth; one for skin and hair; four for head and nerves; three for muscles, bones and joints; two for heart and circulation; four for cancer; two for children and adolescents; one for reproductive health and birth; and three for mental and emotional wellbeing. Four topics could not be considered because they either addressed the assessment of drugs or could not be transferred into an HTA question.CONCLUSIONS:Through “ThemenCheck Medizin” patients and the general public in Germany can actively be involved in the process of collecting proposals for HTA reports as well as in topic prioritization. The prerequisites for successful implementation were in particular the easy-to-use online form and IQWiG's support of persons submitting topics in their formulation of an HTA question. The integration of a selection committee of patient representatives was shown to be constructive and productive.
OP105 Systematically Reconstructing Trial Context-Role For CLUSTER Searches?
Authors: Booth Andrew , Sutton Anthea , Scope Alison , Leaviss Joanna 
Published: January 2018

INTRODUCTION:Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of complex interventions are conducted in a context-specific environment. Principal trial reports, with a focus on main results, are unable to document adequately the context for an intervention, for example, word limits. Important context may be included in “sibling studies” (that is, studies conducted alongside the main trial, for example, process evaluations, and qualitative studies (1). This presentation explores (i) to what extent is it possible to use a systematic and parsimonious method to identify sibling studies and (ii) what is the potential value of yield from these studies?METHODS:The systematic CLUSTER approach (2) to follow up of index studies (Citations, Lead authors, Unpublished materials, Scholar, Theories, Early examples Related projects) has demonstrated the value of retrieved items in qualitative terms. However, the CLUSTER approach is painstaking and laborious and may be prohibitive within a time-tight Health Technology Assessment (HTA). A streamlined CLUSTER approach, using freely available Publish or Perish Software integrated with Google Scholar and Microsoft Excel, offers an economical way of building up “clusters” of study reports. A case study of a UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)-funded HTA on the management of medically unexplained symptoms in primary care, utilizing quantitative and qualitative research studies, is used to examine the practical application of the approach.RESULTS:Systematic comparison of yield from sifting with yield from the Publish or Perish software reveals (i) major trials for which corresponding qualitative studies were not previously identified, (ii) qualitative studies identified independently from, and potentially unlinked to, associated trials, (iii) associated trial reports (for example, protocols, feasibility studies, etc), economic evaluations and systematic reviews, and (iv) commentaries and correspondence; all with the potential to enhance understanding of trial context.CONCLUSIONS:The potential of the Publish or Perish-enabled CLUSTER approach to identify trials or qualitative studies, through “joining up” and mapping of clusters, potentially missed from separate quantitative/qualitative sift processes, means that it should be considered for any HTA that seeks to integrate quantitative and qualitative studies.
OP108 Health Intervention Assessment Report Adaptation: Tunisian Experience
Authors: Allouche Wafa , Brahem Asma Ben , Ouertatani Hella , Jameleddine Mouna , Grati Hela , Jlassi Khalil , Hammouda Mohamed Ben , Attieh Randa , Asua José , Gutiérrez-Ibarluzea Iñaki , Zghal Khaled 
Published: January 2018

INTRODUCTION:Health Technology Assessment (HTA) reports adaptation process is an important tool for emerging HTA agencies. INASanté (National Instance for Accreditation in Healthcare) has chosen to rely on this approach, to develop its first health intervention assessment report: comparative study of computed tomographic colonography versus standard colonoscopy for colorectal cancer screening.METHODS:Following consultations with healthcare professionals, the PICO question related to the colorectal cancer screening issue in Tunisia was determined. A literature search strategy covering 10 years (2006-2016) was carried out. Several databases including HTA on the net were explored. Then two independent reviewers conducted literature screening and realized a PRISMA flow diagram. Full text selected reports were submitted to three critical appraisal tools: PRISMA checklist, INAHTA checklist and Critical Appraisal Tools (FLC 2.0). The EUnetHTA adaptation toolkit was used to determine reports adaptability by assessing relevance, reliability and transferability. A structured study of the Tunisian context based on a qualitative data analysis was elaborated. The data synthesis and reporting were finalized with the contribution of a working group. Then an external peer review was conducted before the report dissemination.RESULTS:Eighty reports were screened to finally retain four eligible. After a critical appraisal performed by two independent reviewers, two reports from the Canadian Agency for Drug and Technolgies in Healthcare and AETSA were selected to be assessed using the EUnetHTA adaptation toolkit. Regarding transferability criteria, the second report was retained. The context study has consisted in a qualitative analysis of seventeen individual interviews with healthcare professionals involved in colorectal cancer screening issues and an up to date Tunisian literature review. The final adapted report was a combination between relevant extracted data from AETSA report and synthesis of the Tunisian context analysis.CONCLUSIONS:This HTA report represents a tool for policy makers to establish the appropriate colorectal cancer screening program for the Tunisian context. HTA reports adaptation process is the best way to give evidence on emerging technologies without wasting time and resources.