bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of anterolateral ligament integrity on the tibia displacement and reaction forces of anterior cruciate ligament
Authors: Aydın Adem , Uğur Levent , Atmaca Halil 
Published: March 2017

Objective: Recent studies focused on rotational instability and remained positive pivot test in patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Clinical, radiological and biomechanical studies showed the importance of the anterolateral ligament (ALL) integrity. ALL is one of the stabilization structures against the internal rotation of the tibia under forces which was associated with Segond fracture previously. Even some authors claimed that ACL failure and risk of re-rupture increased if only ACL reconstruction performed in patients with simultaneous ALL injury. The aim of the study is to evaluate the importance of ALL on knee biomechanics during anterior drawer test and internal rotation forces with different flexion angles in terms of reaction forces on ACL and the amount of tibia displacement via finite element analysis. Methods: Three dimensional (3D) solid model of knee joint and ALL injured models were constructed based on DICOM formatted computed tomography (CT) images. 0°, 15°,30°,45°,60°,75° and 90° flexion angles were applied respectively to reference models. Then varied anterior drawer and internal rotational forces were used to investigate the effect of ALL. ANSYS ®Version 17 was used in analyses and same boundary conditions were used in all models. Results: In critical analyzing the all results; medial displacement and the amount of anterior drawer distance were increased in all ALL injured models when compared with references. Therewithal the rotational displacements were increased by increasing the knee flexion angle and rotational torque. But, it was not a significant change in the amount of displacement between the models with respect to anteroposterior displacement when the anterior drawer force was increased. Conclusion: ALL particular has an important role in the stability of the internal rotation occurs against the force and with increased contribution rate to the knee joint stability by increasing the knee flexion angle. But the reaction forces were not affected by ALL integrity. So this study do not support the previous studies which suggest simultaneously reconstruction of both ligaments to avoid re rupture of ACL in cases with ALL injured.
Responsiveness of Higher Education to Changing Job Market Demand in Bangladesh
Authors: Dutta Bipasha , Islam Kazi Maruful 
Published: March 2017

Bangladesh economy has been transforming towards a market-based economy from a state-dominated centrally planned economy since the early 1980s, the pace of transformation has been slow though. The aim of this article is to see how the higher education system responds to the changes in the structure of the economy. The article argues that the higher education system in general in a transitional economy is responsive to the changes in the structure of the economy. The article, however, also argues that the changes in higher education system, especially in curriculum, would not follow a linear unidirectional trajectory.  This article is built on a small-scope empirical study on three selected social science disciplines of Dhaka University to see whether and how they responded to the demand of the growing labour market in terms of changes they introduced in curriculum in the last 20 years. Having analyzed skill and knowledge demand by the banking and telecommunication sectors—the two major sources of private sector employment for educated workforce in recent years—the article makes an effort to track what kind of changes the three selected disciplines under the Faculty of Social Science of Dhaka University have made in their respective curriculum in response to the demand of the major private sector employers. The article finds that Public Administration and Economics Departments of the Dhaka University show high and low responsiveness to business sector demand, respectively. While Sociology Department did not respond to business sector demand, rather it has responded to NGO sector demand. Among these three departments, Public Administration is found to have a low degree of compatibility to business sector needs. The article concludes that the Faculty of Social Science of Dhaka University has been slow and hesitant to respond to emerging needs of the dominant business sector employers; it is mainly because of the negative attitude towards private sector in the academia and lack of proper direction of private sector development.
Revision Strategies in Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Garver Jennie , Mata-Fink Ana , Zhu David , Javier Frances , Gallacher Stacey , Blaine Theodore A 
Published: March 2017

Background While initially developed to improve function in patients with chronic rotator cuff deficiency, the success of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) has led to expanding indications including fracture sequelae and revision of failed hemi- or total shoulder arthroplasty. While primary RTSA carries complication and revision rates of up to 75% and 2%–10%, respectively, these rates are higher in RTSA performed in a revision setting. Methods The current literature on RTSA and revision RTSA was reviewed to determine the most common complications and treatment strategies to address these complications. Results The most common complications leading to revision of RTSA are instability, infection, humeral implant loosening, and glenoid implant loosening. Each of these presents unique technical challenges for the surgeon. Retention or replacement of a reverse prosthesis affords high patient satisfaction and better functional outcomes than resection, but may require several additional surgeries. In cases in which reverse components cannot be implanted, salvage options, including resection arthroplasty and conversion to hemiarthroplasty, provide satisfactory pain relief but limited function. Discussion As the number of RTSA performed increase, so will the number of revisions. In this article, current treatment strategies for addressing the challenges of revision reverse shoulder arthroplasty are discussed.
Shumwayite, [(UO2)(SO4)(H2O)2]2·H2O, a new uranyl sulfate mineral from Red Canyon, San Juan County, Utah, USA
Authors: Kampf Anthony R. , Plášil Jakub , Kasatkin Anatoly V. , Marty Joe , Čejka Jiří , Lapčák Ladislav 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe new mineral shumwayite (IMA2015-058), [(UO2)(SO4)(H2O)2]2·H2O, was found in the Green Lizard and Giveaway-Simplot mines, White Canyon district, San Juan County, Utah, USA, where it occurs as a secondary alteration phase. At the Green Lizard mine, it is found in association with calcite, gypsum, plášilite, pyrite, rozenite and sulfur; at the Giveaway-Simplot mine, shumwayite is associated with rhomboclase and römerite. The mineral occurs as pale greenish-yellow monoclinic prisms, elongated on [100], up to ∼0.3 mm long and commonly in subparallel to random intergrowths. The mineral is transparent with a vitreous lustre and has a white streak. It fluoresces bright greenish white under both longwave and shortwave ultraviolet radiation. The Mohs hardness is ∼2. Crystals are brittle with perfect {011} cleavage and irregular fracture. The mineral is slightly deliquescent and is easily soluble in room temperature H2O. The calculated density is 3.844 g cm–3. Optically, shumwayite is biaxial (+/–), with α = 1.581(1), β= 1.588(1), γ = 1.595(1) (measured in white light). The measured 2Vxbased on extinction data collected on a spindle stage is 89.8(8)°; the calculated 2Vxis 89.6°. Dispersion is strong, but the sense is not defined because the optic sign is ambiguous. No pleochroism was observed. The optical orientation isX=b,Y=c,Z=a. Energy-dispersive spectrometer analyses (with H2O based on the crystal structure) yielded the empirical formula U2.01S1.99O12.00·5H2O.Shumwayite is monoclinic,P21/c,a= 6.74747(15),b= 12.5026(3),c= 16.9032(12) Å, β = 90.919(6)°,V= 1425.79(11) Å3andZ= 4. The crystal structure (R1= 1.88% for 2936F> 4σF) contains UO7pentagonal bipyramids and SO4tetrahedra that link by corner-sharing to form [(UO2)(SO4)(H2O)2] chains along [100]. The chains and isolated H2O groups between them are linked together only by hydrogen bonds. The mineral is named in honour of the Shumway family, whose members account for the discovery and mining of hundreds of uranium deposits on the Colorado Plateau, including the Green Lizard mine.
Survivin a radiogenetic promoter for glioblastoma viral gene therapy independently from CArG motifs
Authors: Naoum George E. , Zhu Zeng B. , Buchsbaum Donald J. , Curiel David T. , Arafat Waleed O. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundRadiogenetic therapy is a novel approach in the treatment of cancer, which employs genetic modification to alter the sensitivity of tumor cells to the effect of applied radiation.AimTo select a potent radiation inducible promoter in the context of brain tumors and to investigate if CArG radio responsive motifs or other elements in the promoter nucleotide sequences can correlate to its response to radiation.MethodsTo select initial candidates for promoter inducible elements, the levels of mRNA expression of six different promoters were assessed using Quantitative RTPCR in D54 MG cells before and after radiation exposure. Recombinant Ad/reporter genes driven by five different promoters; CMV, VEGF, FLT‐1, DR5 and survivin were constructed. Glioma cell lines were infected with different multiplicity of infection of the (promoter) Ad or CMV Ad. Cells were then exposed to a range of radiation (0–12 Gy) at single fraction. Fluorescent microscopy, Luc assay and X‐gal staining was used to detect the level of expression of related genes. Different glioma cell lines and normal astrocytes were infected with Ad survivin and exposed to radiation. The promoters were analyzed for presence of CArG radio‐responsive motifs and CCAAT box consensus using NCBI blast bioinformatics software.ResultsRadiotherapy increases the expression of gene expression by 1.25–2.5 fold in different promoters other than survivin after 2 h of radiation. RNA analysis was done and has shown an increase in copy number of tenfold for survivin. Most importantly cells treated with RT and Ad Luc driven by survivin promoter showed a fivefold increase in expression after 2 Gy of radiation in comparison to non‐irradiated cells. Presence or absence of CArG motifs did not correlate with promoter response to radiation. Survivin with the best response to radiation had the lowest number of CCAAT box.ConclusionSurvivin is a selective potent radiation inducible promoter for glioblastoma viral gene therapy and this response to radiation could be independent of CArG motifs.
Psychedelics and the science of self-experience
Authors: Nour Matthew M. , Carhart-Harris Robin L. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryAltered self-experiences arise in certain psychiatric conditions, and may be induced by psychoactive drugs and spiritual/religious practices. Recently, a neuroscience of self-experience has begun to crystallise, drawing upon findings from functional neuroimaging and altered states of consciousness occasioned by psychedelic drugs. This advance may be of great importance for psychiatry.
A novel mouse model of anterior segment dysgenesis (ASD): conditional deletion ofTsc1disrupts ciliary body and iris development
Authors: Hägglund Anna-Carin , Jones Iwan , Carlsson Leif 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTDevelopment of the cornea, lens, ciliary body and iris within the anterior segment of the eye involves coordinated interaction between cells originating from the ciliary margin of the optic cup, the overlying periocular mesenchyme and the lens epithelium. Anterior segment dysgenesis (ASD) encompasses a spectrum of developmental syndromes that affect these anterior segment tissues. ASD conditions arise as a result of dominantly inherited genetic mutations and result in both ocular-specific and systemic forms of dysgenesis that are best exemplified by aniridia and Axenfeld–Rieger syndrome, respectively. Extensive clinical overlap in disease presentation amongst ASD syndromes creates challenges for correct diagnosis and classification. The use of animal models has therefore proved to be a robust approach for unravelling this complex genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity. However, despite these successes, it is clear that additional genes that underlie several ASD syndromes remain unidentified. Here, we report the characterisation of a novel mouse model of ASD. Conditional deletion of Tsc1 during eye development leads to a premature upregulation of mTORC1 activity within the ciliary margin, periocular mesenchyme and lens epithelium. This aberrant mTORC1 signalling within the ciliary margin in particular leads to a reduction in the number of cells that express Pax6, Bmp4 and Msx1. Sustained mTORC1 signalling also induces a decrease in ciliary margin progenitor cell proliferation and a consequent failure of ciliary body and iris development in postnatal animals. Our study therefore identifies Tsc1 as a novel candidate ASD gene. Furthermore, the Tsc1-ablated mouse model also provides a valuable resource for future studies concerning the molecular mechanisms underlying ASD and acts as a platform for evaluating therapeutic approaches for the treatment of visual disorders.
Pre-copula acoustic behaviour of males in the malarial mosquitoes Anopheles coluzzii and Anopheles gambiae s.s. does not contribute to reproductive isolation
Authors: Simões Patrício M. V. , Gibson Gabriella , Russell Ian J. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
We reveal that males of two members of the Anopheles gambiae s.l. species complex, Anopheles coluzzii and Anopheles gambiae s.s. (hereafter A. gambiae), which are both malaria vectors, perform a stereotypical acoustic behaviour in response to pure tones at frequencies that encompass the frequency range of the female's flight-tones. This behaviour resembles that described for Culex quinquefasciatus and consists of phonotactic flight initiated by a steep increase in wing-beat frequency (WBF) followed by rapid frequency modulation (RFM) of WBF when in close proximity to the sound source. RFM was elicited without acoustic feedback or the presence of a live female, but it appears to be a stereotypic behaviour in the immediate lead up to copula formation. RFM is an independent and different behavioural process from harmonic convergence interactions used by male–female pairs for mate recognition at earlier stages of mating. Acoustic threshold for RFM was used to plot behavioural audiograms from free-flying A. coluzzii and A. gambiae males. These audiograms were almost identical (minima ∼400 Hz) and encompassed the WBF ranges of A. coluzzii (378–601 Hz) and A. gambiae (373–590 Hz) females, indicating that males of the two species share similar frequency tuning and range. Furthermore, no differences were found between the two species in their WBFs, RFM behaviour or harmonic convergence ratios. These results indicate that assortative mating between A. coluzzii and A. gambiae is unlikely to be based on male-specific acoustic behaviours during RFM. The significance of these findings in relation to possible mechanisms for assortative mating is discussed.
National Identity and State Ideology
Authors: Нур-Ахмет  , Nur-Akhmet Dosmukhamed 
Published: March 2017

In this essay it has been analyzed highlights of forming nation as the largest
communications.
From the viewpoint of communicativistics it has been comprehended the
basic criteria for the existence of national identity, has defined features and
differences of national states.
It has been also revealed the role of ideology as a powerful communication
informational systems in the lives of nations, it has studied the role of «nation
forming» teachings, as well as substantiates the necessity of its own
national ideological doctrine, especially for the newly independent state.
Humanistic Essence of the Text in the Russian Language Course from the Intercultural Communication Point of View
Authors: Дейкина  , Deykina Alevtina 
Published: March 2017

This article describes the humanistic essence of the text, which express
communicative functions of a language. Text is a linguistic and didactic unit
that promotes knowledge of the language and the development of skills and
competences, including communicative and cultural. Appeal to the text in
the Russian language course is an appeal to the author’s identity, his position,
his cultural space. To achieve positive results we need selection and
search of modern Russian language teaching. Dialogue with the text is one
of the cognition methods of the language. We can speak about useful reflection
on the text (poetry, prose), based on the amount of knowledge and
skills of students in the language and broadly — in the culture. Systematic
work with the text will help the student to acquire intercultural competence,
to overcome the difficulties in cross-cultural communication, keeping the
priorities of their own culture and respecting the culture of the interlocutors.
Staged lengthening and reconstruction for children with a leg-length discrepancy after excision of an osteosarcoma around the knee
Authors: Kang S. , Lee J. S. , Park J. , Park S-S. 
Published: March 2017

AimsChildren treated for osteosarcoma around the knee often have a substantial leg-length discrepancy at skeletal maturity. The aim of this study was to investigate the results of staged skeletal reconstruction after a leg lengthening procedure using an external fixator in these patients.Patients and MethodsWe reviewed 11 patients who underwent staged reconstruction with either an arthroplasty (n = 6) or an arthrodesis (n = 5). A control group of 11 patients who had undergone wide excision and concurrent reconstruction with an arthroplasty were matched for gender, location, and size of tumour. We investigated the change in leg-length discrepancy, function as assessed by the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Scale (MSTS) score and complications.ResultsA mean 5.2 cm (1.7 to 8.9) of lengthening was achieved. The mean MSTS scores significantly improved after staged reconstruction (p = 0.003) but were still worse than those of the control group (p = 0.049). However, the MSTS scores of the arthroplasty subgroup were comparable with those of the controls, although the extensor lag was greater and the range of movement was less. The patient group experienced more complications, but all of these resolved.ConclusionApproximately 5 cm of lengthening and significant functional improvement can be achieved by staged reconstruction and lengthening, without major complications. Although it has limitations, this method of treatment seems to be a satisfactory surgical option for growing children with a significant leg-length discrepancy after excision of an osteosarcoma around the knee. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:401–8.
Proximal femoral replacement in contemporary revision total hip arthroplasty for severe femoral bone loss
Authors: Viste A. , Perry K. I. , Taunton M. J. , Hanssen A. D. , Abdel M. P. 
Published: March 2017

AimsLoss or absence of proximal femoral bone in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains a significant challenge. While the main indication for the use of proximal femoral replacements (PFRs) is in the treatment of malignant disease, they have a valuable role in revision THA for loosening, fracture and infection in patients with bone loss. Our aim was to determine the clinical outcomes, implant survivorship, and complications of PFRs used in revision THA for indications other than malignancy.Patients and MethodsA retrospective review of 44 patients who underwent revision THA using a PFR between 2000 and 2013 was undertaken. Their mean age was 79 years (53 to 97); 31 (70%) were women. The bone loss was classified as Paprosky IIIB or IV in all patients. The mean follow-up was six years (2 to 12), at which time 22 patients had died and five were lost to follow-up.ResultsThe mean Harris Hip Score improved from 42.8 (25.9 to 82.9) pre-operatively to 68.5 (21.0 to 87.7) post-operatively (p = 0.0009). A total of two PFRs had been revised, one for periprosthetic infection eight years post-operatively and one for aseptic loosening six years post-operatively. The Kaplan-Meier survivorship free of any revision or removal of an implant was 86% at five years and 66% years at ten years. A total of 12 patients (27%) had a complication including six with a dislocation.ConclusionPFRs provide a useful salvage option for patients, particularly the elderly with massive proximal femoral bone loss who require revision THA, with significant clinical improvement. While the survivorship of the implant is good at five years, dislocation continues to be the most common complication. The judicious use of larger femoral heads, dual-mobility constructs, or constrained liners may help to minimise the risk of dislocation. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:325–9.
Assessment of the equivalence of a generic to a branded femoral stem
Authors: Hothi H. , Henckel J. , Shearing P. , Holme T. , Cerquiglini A. , Laura A. Di , Atrey A. , Skinner J. , Hart A. 
Published: March 2017

Aims The aim of this study was to compare the design of the generic OptiStem XTR femoral stem with the established Exeter femoral stem. Materials and Methods We obtained five boxed, as manufactured, implants of both designs at random (ten in total). Two examiners were blinded to the implant design and independently measured the mass, volume, trunnion surface topography, trunnion roughness, trunnion cone angle, Caput-Collum-Diaphyseal (CCD) angle, femoral offset, stem length, neck length, and the width and roughness of the polished stem shaft using peer-reviewed methods. We then compared the stems using these parameters. Results We found that the OptiStems were lighter (p < 0.001), had a rougher trunnion surface (p < 0.001) with a greater spacing and depth of the machined threads (p < 0.001), had greater trunnion cone angles (p = 0.007), and a smaller radius at the top of the trunnion (p = 0.007). There was no difference in stem volume (p = 0.643), CCD angle (p = 0.788), offset (p = 0.993), neck length (p = 0.344), stem length (p = 0.808), shaft width (p = 0.058 to 0.720) or roughness of the polished surface (p = 0.536). Conclusion This preliminary investigation found that whilst there were similarities between the two designs, the generic OptiStem is different to the branded Exeter design. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:310–16.