bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Division Zone Activity Determines the Potential of Drought‐Stressed Maize Leaves to Resume Growth after Rehydration
Authors: Van Hautegem Tom , Takasaki Hironori , Lorenzo Christian Damian , Demuynck Kirin , Claeys Hannes , Villers Timothy , Sprenger Heike , Debray Kevin , Schaumont Dries , Verbraeken Lennart , Pevernagie Julie , Merchie Julie , Cannoot Bernard , Aesaert Stijn , Coussens Griet , Yamaguchi‐Shinozaki Kazuko , Nuccio Michael L. , Van Ex Frédéric , Pauwels Laurens , Jacobs Thomas B. , Ruttink Tom , Inzé Dirk , Nelissen Hilde 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTDrought is one of the most devastating causes of yield losses in crops like maize, and the anticipated increases in severity and duration of drought spells due to climate change pose an imminent threat to agricultural productivity. To understand the drought response, phenotypic and molecular studies are typically performed at a given time point after drought onset, representing a steady‐state adaptation response. Because growth is a dynamic process, we monitored the drought response with high temporal resolution and examined cellular and transcriptomic changes after rehydration at 4 and 6 days after leaf four appearance. These data showed that division zone activity is a determinant for full organ growth recovery upon rehydration. Moreover, a prolonged maintenance of cell division by the ectopic expression of PLASTOCHRON1 extends the ability to resume growth after rehydration. The transcriptome analysis indicated that GROWTH‐REGULATING FACTORS (GRFs) affect leaf growth by impacting cell division duration, which was confirmed by a prolonged recovery potential of the GRF1‐overexpression line after rehydration. Finally, we used a multiplex genome editing approach to evaluate the most promising differentially expressed genes from the transcriptome study and as such narrowed down the gene space from 40 to seven genes for future functional characterization.
Biological and molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of an Iranian isolate of High Plains wheat mosaic virus
Authors: Nourbakhsh Fatemeh , Massah Amir , Soorni Aboozar , Talaee Ladan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHigh Plains wheat mosaic virus (HPWMoV) is an eriophyid‐mite transmitted virus infecting a number of cereals and grasses worldwide. HPWMoV has recently been reported in Iran; therefore, a comprehensive study was required to elucidate the molecular and biological characteristics of this newly identified virus. In this study, the whole genome sequence, transmission efficiency and partial host range of an Iranian isolate of HPWMoV (HPWMoV‐Ir) were determined. Moreover, a survey was conducted to understand the occurrence of wheat curl mite‐transmitted HPWMoV, wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) and brome streak mosaic virus (BrSMV) as mite‐borne viruses in wheat fields located in central regions of Iran. During a survey of mite‐transmitted viruses, we found that mixed infections of HPWMoV and WSMV (43.7%) were more prevalent than their single infections, while all samples were negative for TriMV and BrSMV. Moreover, other grasses, such as maize, barley, wall barley, oat, rye, Johnson grass and millet, were naturally and experimentally infected with HPWMoV‐Ir at high efficiency. HPWMoV‐Ir was transmitted to wheat by Aceria tosichella with 43% efficiency, which was similar to the transmission rate of HPWMoV in a mixed infection with WSMV. The complete genome sequence comparisons of HPWMoV‐Ir with other HPWMoV isolates showed identities ranging from 79.5% to 98.1%. Remarkably, HPWMoV‐Ir possessed a single variant of the sequence and did not show any heterogeneity in its nucleocapsid protein gene. Phylogenetic analysis of the eight genomic RNA segments positioned HPWMoV‐Ir in group B with isolates from the Midwestern United States and Australia. This discovery can assist researchers in more effectively mitigating the pathogen risks through accurate diagnosis and timely management of the disease.
Inter‐ and intra‐rater reliability of cognitive assessment conducted by assistive robot for older adults living in the community: a preliminary study
Authors: Nishiura Yuko , Inoue Takenobu , Takaeda Kana , Kamimura Tomoko 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to reveal inter‐ and intra‐rater reliability of the detailed evaluation of cognitive function by assistive robot for older adults.MethodsWe investigated the inter‐rater and test–retest reliability. Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination was conducted twice for each participant using an assistive robot and the examiner respectively (Experiment 1). The order of these two tests was randomly selected and the interval between them was 1 week. In Experiment 2, we investigated the test–retest reliability of the first robot test and this additional robot test was conducted approximately 6 weeks after Experiment 1.ResultsFifty‐one (13 men and 38 women, mean age: 80.5 ± 5.6 years) participants went through Experiment 1 and 29 of those (eight men and 21 women, mean age: 80.4 ± 4.8 years) completed Experiment 2. In Experiment 1, the interclass coefficient (ICC) in orientation was in the high range and its Cronbach's α was 0.919, rated as excellent internal consistency. On the other hand, other items did not show positive results. In Experiment 2, the ICCs in orientation, attention, and repetition were in the adequate range, while other items showed marginal or low range.ConclusionsOrientation was supposed to be utilised for figuring out initial symptoms of dementia. In the future, as robot functions become more high‐tech, a partner robot might be able to measure the symptoms and severity of dementia.
Machine learning‐based prediction of sarcopenia in community‐dwelling middle‐aged and older adults: findings from the CHARLS
Authors: Wang Zongjie , Wu Yafei , Zhu Junmin , Fang Ya 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenia is a prominent issue among aging populations and associated with poor health outcomes. This study aimed to examine the predictive value of questionnaire and biomarker data for sarcopenia, and to further develop a user‐friendly calculator for community‐dwelling middle‐aged and older adults.MethodsWe used two waves (2011 and 2013) of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) to predict sarcopenia, defined by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria. We restricted the analytical sample to adults aged 45 or above (N = 2934). Five machine learning models were used to construct Q‐based (only questionnaire variables), Bio‐based (only biomarker variables), and combined (questionnaire plus biomarker variables) models. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was used for performance assessment. Temporal external validation was performed based on two datasets from CHARLS. Important predictors were identified by Shapley values and coefficients.ResultsExtreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), considering both questionnaire and biomarker characteristics, emerged as the optimal model, and its AUROC was 0.759 (95% CI: 0.747–0.771) at a decision threshold of 0.20 on the test set. Models also performed well on the external datasets. We found that cognitive function was the most important predictor in both Q‐based and combined models, and blood urea nitrogen was the most important predictor in the Bio‐based model. Other key predictors included education, haematocrit, total cholesterol, drinking, number of chronic diseases, and instrumental activities of daily living score.ConclusionsOur findings offer a potential for early screening and targeted prevention of sarcopenia among middle‐aged and older adults in the community setting.
Hydrodynamics of a discrete conservation law
Authors: Sprenger Patrick , Chong Christopher , Okyere Emmanuel , Herrmann Michael , Kevrekidis P. G. , Hoefer Mark A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Riemann problem for the discrete conservation law is classified using Whitham modulation theory, a quasi‐continuum approximation, and numerical simulations. A surprisingly elaborate set of solutions to this simple discrete regularization of the inviscid Burgers' equation is obtained. In addition to discrete analogs of well‐known dispersive hydrodynamic solutions—rarefaction waves (RWs) and dispersive shock waves (DSWs)—additional unsteady solution families and finite‐time blowup are observed. Two solution types exhibit no known conservative continuum correlates: (i) a counterpropagating DSW and RW solution separated by a symmetric, stationary shock and (ii) an unsteady shock emitting two counterpropagating periodic wavetrains with the same frequency connected to a partial DSW or an RW. Another class of solutions called traveling DSWs, (iii), consists of a partial DSW connected to a traveling wave comprised of a periodic wavetrain with a rapid transition to a constant. Portions of solutions (ii) and (iii) are interpreted as shock solutions of the Whitham modulation equations.
Stability of bound states for regularized nonlinear Schrödinger equations
Authors: Albert John , Arbunich Jack 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe consider the stability of bound‐state solutions of a family of regularized nonlinear Schrödinger equations which were introduced by Dumas et al. as models for the propagation of laser beams. Among these bound‐state solutions are ground states, which are defined as solutions of a variational problem. We give a sufficient condition for existence and orbital stability of ground states, and use it to verify that ground states exist and are stable over a wider range of nonlinearities than for the nonregularized nonlinear Schrödinger equation. We also give another sufficient and almost necessary condition for stability of general bound states, and show that some stable bound states exist which are not ground states.
DMFGAN: a multifeature data augmentation method for grape leaf disease identification
Authors: Hu Yang , Zhang Yukai , Liu Shuai , Zhou Guoxiong , Li Mingxuan , Hu Yahui , Li Johnny , Sun Lixiang 
Published: October 2024

SUMMARYThe use of deep learning techniques to identify grape leaf diseases relies on large, high‐quality datasets. However, a large number of images occupy more computing resources and are prone to pattern collapse during training. In this paper, a depth‐separable multifeature generative adversarial network (DMFGAN) was proposed to enhance grape leaf disease data. First, a multifeature extraction block (MFEB) based on the four‐channel feature fusion strategy is designed to improve the quality of the generated image and avoid the problem of poor feature learning ability of the adversarial generation network caused by the single‐channel feature extraction method. Second, a depth‐based D‐discriminator is designed to improve the discriminator capability and reduce the number of model parameters. Third, SeLU activation function was substituted for DCGAN activation function to overcome the problem that DCGAN activation function was not enough to fit grape leaf disease image data. Finally, an MFLoss function with a gradient penalty term is proposed to reduce the mode collapse during the training of generative adversarial networks. By comparing the visual indicators and evaluation indicators of the images generated by different models, and using the recognition network to verify the enhanced grape disease data, the results show that the method is effective in enhancing grape leaf disease data. Under the same experimental conditions, DMFGAN generates higher quality and more diverse images with fewer parameters than other generative adversarial networks. The mode breakdown times of generative adversarial networks in training process are reduced, which is more effective in practical application.
PbAGL7–PbNAC47–PbMYB73 complex coordinately regulates PbC3H1 and PbHCT17 to promote the lignin biosynthesis in stone cells of pear fruit
Authors: Gong Xin , Qi Kaijie , Zhao Liangyi , Xie Zhihua , Pan Jiahui , Yan Xin , Shiratake Katsuhiro , Zhang Shaoling , Tao Shutian 
Published: October 2024

SUMMARYLignification of the cell wall in pear (Pyrus) fruit results in the formation of stone cells, which affects the texture and quality of the fruit. However, it is still unclear that how different transcription factors (TFs) work together to coordinate the synthesis and deposition of lignin. Here, we examined the transcriptome of pear varieties with different stone cell contents and found a key TF (PbAGL7) that can promote the increase of stone cell contents and secondary cell wall thicknesses. In addition, PbAGL7 can facilitate the expression level of lignin biosynthesis‐related genes and accelerate the lignin biosynthesis in pear fruit and Arabidopsis. However, PbAGL7 did not directly bind to the promoters of PbC3H1 and PbHCT17 which are crucial genes involved in lignin biosynthesis. On the other hand, yeast two‐hybrid (Y2H) library showed that PbNAC47 and PbMYB73 interacted with PbAGL7 in the nucleus. PbNAC47 and PbMYB73 also increased the stone cell and lignin contents, and upregulated the expressions of PbC3H1 and PbHCT17 by binding to the SNBE and AC elements, respectively. Moreover, PbNAC47 also interacted with PbMYB73 to form PbAGL7–PbNAC47–PbMYB73 complex. This complex significantly activated the expression levels of PbC3H1 and PbHCT17 and promoted lignin biosynthesis to form stone cells in pear fruit. Overall, our study provides new insights into the molecular mechanism of TFs that coordinately regulate the stone cell formation in pear fruit and extend our knowledge to understand cell wall lignification in plants.
Balancing act: The dynamic relationship between nutrient availability and plant defence
Authors: Dutta Arka , Dracatos Peter M. , Khan Ghazanfar Abbas 
Published: October 2024

SUMMARYPlants depend heavily on soil nutrients for growth, development and defence. Nutrient availability is crucial not only for sustaining vital biochemical processes but also for mounting effective defences against a diverse array of pathogens. Macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium significantly influence plant defence mechanisms by providing essential building blocks for the synthesis of defence compounds, immune signalling and physiological responses like stomatal regulation. Micronutrients like zinc, copper and iron are essential for balancing reactive oxygen species and other reactive compounds in plant immune responses. Although substantial circumstantial evidence links nutrient availability to plant defence, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process have only recently started to be understood. This review focuses on summarizing recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms by which nitrogen, phosphorus and iron interact with plant defence mechanisms and explores the potential for engineering nutritional immunity in crops to enhance their resilience against pathogens.
Comparing mechanical and enzymatic isolation procedures to isolate adipose‐derived stromal vascular fraction: A systematic review
Authors: Uguten Mustafa , van der Sluis Nanouk , Vriend Linda , Coert J. H. , Harmsen Martin C. , van der Lei Berend , van Dongen Joris A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue has gained popularity as regenerative therapy for tissue repair. Both enzymatic and mechanical intraoperative SVF isolation procedures exist. To date, the quest for the preferred isolation procedure persists, due to the absence of standardised yield measurements and a defined clinical threshold. This systematic review is an update of the systematic review published in 2018, where guidelines were proposed to improve and standardise SVF isolation procedures. An elaborate data search in MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE (Ovid) and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was conducted from September 2016 to date. A total of 26 full‐text articles met inclusion criteria, evaluating 33 isolation procedures (11 enzymatic and 22 mechanical). In general, enzymatic and mechanical SVF isolation procedures yield comparable outcomes concerning cell yield (2.3–18.0 × 105 resp. 0.03–26.7 × 105 cells/ml), and cell viability (70%–99% resp. 46%–97.5%), while mechanical procedures are less time consuming (8–20 min vs. 50–210 min) and cost‐efficient. However, as most studies used poorly validated outcome measures on SVF characterisation, it still remains unclear which intraoperative SVF isolation method is preferred. Future studies are recommended to implement standardised guidelines to standardise methods and improve comparability between studies.
Ventilatory response to head‐down‐tilt in healthy human subjects
Authors: Alsharifi Abdulaziz , Carter Niamh , Irampaye Akbar , Stevens Charlotte , Mejia Elisa , Steier Joerg , Rafferty Gerrard F. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPostural fluid shifts may directly affect respiratory control via a complex interaction of baro‐ and chemo‐reflexes, and cerebral blood flow. Few data exist concerning the steady state ventilatory responses during head‐down tilt. We examined the cardiorespiratory responses during acute 50° head‐down tilt (HDT) in 18 healthy subjects (mean [SD] age 27 [10] years). Protocol 1 (n = 8, two female) was 50° HDT from 60° head‐up posture sustained for 10 min, while exposed to normoxia, normoxic hypercapnia (5% CO2), hypoxia (12% inspired O2) or hyperoxic hypercapnia (95% O2, 5% CO2). Protocol 2 (n = 10, four female) was 50° HDT from supine, sustained for 10 min, while breathing either medical air or normoxic hypercapnic (5% CO2) gas. Ventilation (, pneumotachograph), end‐tidal O2 and CO2 concentration and blood pressure (Finapres) were measured continuously throughout each protocol. Middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (MCAv; transcranial Doppler) was also measured during protocol 2. Ventilation increased significantly (P < 0.05) compared to baseline during HDT in both hyperoxic hypercapnia (protocol 1 by mean [SD] 139 [26]%) and normoxic hypercapnia (protocol 1 by mean [SD] 131 [21]% and protocol 2 by 129 [23]%), despite no change in or from baseline. No change in was observed during HDT with medical air or hypoxia, and there was no significant change in MCAv during HDT compared to baseline. The absence of change in cerebral blood flow leads us to postulate that the augmented ventilatory response during steep HDT may involve mechanisms related to cerebral venous pressure and venous outflow.
La bella Safo. Eros y manía en el Fedro de Platón
Authors: Unger Biviana 
Published: October 2024

La relación entre Platón y los poetas ha suscitado no pocas reflexiones a lo largo de la historia de la filosofía. Uno de los diálogos privilegiados para entender esta relación ha sido el Fedro, pues la belleza, la escritura y el lenguaje son ámbitos en los que filosofía y poesía confluyen. No sorprende, entonces, que se hagan varias alusiones a los poetas de la tradición épica y lírica como Homero, Estesícoro y Safo. Sostendremos aquí que esta alusión a Safo en el Fedro, única en todo el corpus platónico, implica un compromiso con la tradición poética y erótica femenina, una comprensión de esta como estadio protofilosófico y el reconocimiento de la influencia de Safo en su concepción del eros. De este modo, no solo se amplía la consideración acerca de la relación de Platón y los poetas, sino que se incluye una perspectiva que no ha sido abordada de manera suficiente, esto es, el aporte femenino al pensamiento platónico.
Local emergence and global evolution of
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
with high-level resistance to azithromycin
Authors: Melendez Johan H. , Edwards Vonetta L. , Muniz Tirado Adamaris , Hardick Justin , Mehta Aditya , Aluvathingal Jain , D'Mello Adonis , Gaydos Charlotte A. , Manabe Yukari C. , Tettelin Hervé 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Antimicrobial resistance in
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
(Ng) has severely reduced treatment options, including azithromycin (AZM), which had previously been recommended as dual therapy with ceftriaxone. This study characterizes the emergence of high-level resistance to AZM (HLR-AZM) Ng in Baltimore, Maryland, USA, and describes the global evolution of HLR-AZM Ng. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of 30 Ng isolates with and without HLR-AZM from Baltimore was used to identify clonality and resistance determinants. Publicly available WGS data from global HLR-AZM Ng (
n
= 286) and the Baltimore HLR-AZM Ng (
n
= 3) were used to assess the distribution, clonality, and diversity of HLR-AZM Ng. The HLR-AZM Ng isolates from Baltimore identified as multi-locus sequencing typing sequence type (ST) 9363 and likely emerged from circulating strains. ST9363 was the most widely disseminated ST globally represented in eight countries and was associated with sustained transmission events. The number of global HLR-AZM Ng, countries reporting these isolates, and strain diversity increased in the last decade. The majority (89.9%) of global HLR-AZM Ng harbored the A2059G mutation in all four alleles of the 23S rRNA gene, but isolates with two or three A2059G alleles, and alternative HLR-AZM mechanisms were also identified. In conclusion, HLR-AZM in Ng has increased in the last few years, with ST9363 emerging as an important gonococcal lineage globally. The 23S rRNA A2059G mutation is the most common resistance mechanism, but alternative mechanisms are emerging. Continued surveillance of HLR-AZM Ng, especially ST9363, and extensively drug-resistant Ng is warranted.