bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Switchable Dielectric Behaviors, Heat Anomalies and Ferroelastic Property of [Zn(en)3]SO4
Authors: Tan Yu‐Hui , Bin‐Wang  , Yi‐Liu  , Yang Chang‐Shan , Wen He‐Rui , Tang Yun‐Zhi 
Published: January 2017

AbstractInvestigations on reversible phase transition of coo‐rdination compounds have attracted much interest because they are promised to have wide application on energy storage, temperature controlling, data communication, ferroelastic and ferroelectric materials. Here we report the ferroelastic property, dielectric and heat anomalies of [Zn(en)3]SO4, 1 (en=ethylene diamine).1undergoes two sequential reversible phase transitions. The firestone occurs in the vicinity of 134 K, attributing to the order‐disordered motion of SO42−ions. The second one happens at 202 K, which origins form the symmetry improvement in the trigonal crystal system. Its switchable dielectrical bistability between high and low dielectric states accompanying with large entropy changes (ΔS=10.18 J⋅mol−1⋅K−1) for the phase transitions was confirmed by dielectric and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements.
An Auxiliary‐Mediated Alkylation Approach Towards the Synthesis of β‐Amino Carbonyl Derivatives
Authors: Goyal Sandeep , Garasiya Gaurang V. , Gangar Mukesh , Gaddam Nikitha , Mungalpara Maulik N. , Mudshinge Sagar Ravso , Nair Vipin A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAsymmetric Mannich‐type reaction employing 5‐isopropyl‐3‐phenyl‐2‐thioxoimidazolidin‐4‐one as a chiral auxiliary with various aldimines to obtain enantiomerically enriched β‐amino carbonyl functionalities with good yields and high trans‐diastereoselectivities has been described. In order to establish the stereochemical outcome of the reaction, the Mannich‐adduct was hydrolysed using LiOH/H2O2 and subsequently cyclized with thionyl chloride to afford the corresponding β‐lactam in good yield and high stereoselectivity.
Mechanistic Insight into the Critical Concentration of Barium Hexaferrite and the Conductive Polymeric Phase with Respect to Synergistically Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Shielding
Authors: Choudhary Harish K. , Pawar Shital P. , Kumar Rajeev , Anupama A. V. , Bose Suryasarathi , Sahoo Balaram 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe demonstrate the necessity of synergetic absorption and reflection in hard magnetic nanomaterial with conducting polymer for microwave absorption. We investigated various nanocomposites with varied concentrations of phase pure barium hexaferrite (BFO) and polyaniline (PANI) in wax matrix. We found a critical concentration of BFO (Wax: PANI: BFO::50:42:08 wt%, i.e., BFO composition below its percolation threshold) where the Ohmic, dielectric and magnetic losses for the nanocomposites were maximum giving a peak microwave attenuation of 99.85%, out of which 85% attenuation was due to absorption. Beyond this concentration, on either side, the shielding effectiveness decreased. An extraordinary synergy between absorption and reflection was observed when the thickness of the specimen was increased from 1 mm to just 3 mm. The underlying mechanism of synergy was explained via a structural model based on the complex permittivity and permeability values. Our model suggests the necessity of a critical concentration of magnetic materials in a conducting phase for enhancing the microwave absorption.
Multimetallic Lithium Complexes Derived from the Acids Ph2C(X)CO2H (X=OH, NH2): Synthesis, Structure and Ring Opening Polymerization of Lactides and Lactones
Authors: Al‐Khafaji Yahya F. , Prior Timothy J. , Horsburgh Lynne , Elsegood Mark R. J. , Redshaw Carl 
Published: January 2017

AbstractReaction of LiOR (R=t‐Bu, Ph) with the acids 2,2/‐Ph2C(X)(CO2H), X=OH (benzH), NH2 (dpgH) was investigated. For benzH, one equivalent LiOt‐Bu in THF afforded [Li(benz)]2⋅2THF (1⋅2THF), which adopts a 1D chain structure. If acetonitrile is used (mild conditions), another polymorph of 1 is isolated; LiOPh also led to 1. Robust work‐up afforded [Li7(benz)7(MeCN)] 2MeCN THF (2⋅2MeCN⋅THF). Use of LiOt‐Bu (2 equivalents) led to {Li8(Ot‐Bu)2[(benz)](OCPh2CO2CPh2CO2t‐Bu)2(THF)4} (3), the core of which comprises two open cubes linked by benz ligands. For dpgH, two equivalents of LiOt‐Bu in THF afforded [Li6(Ot‐Bu)2(dpg)2(THF)2] (4), which contains an Li2O2 6‐step ladder. Similar reaction of LiOPh afforded [Li8(PhO)4(dpg)4(MeCN)4] (5). Complexes 1–5 were screened for their potential as catalysts for ring opening polymerization (ROP) of ϵ‐caprolactone (ϵ‐CL), rac‐lactide (rac‐LA) and δ‐valerolactone (δ‐VL). For ROP of ϵ‐CL, conversions > 70 % were achievable at 110 °C with good control. For rac‐LA and δ‐VL, temperatures of at least 110 °C over 12 h were necessary for activity (conversions > 60 %). Systems employing 2 were inactive.
Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Metallic Nanomaterials in Liquid Phase
Authors: Tsuji Masaharu 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMetallic nanoparticles are one of the fundamental materials in nanoscience and nanotechnology because they gave novel optical, electronic, magnetic, and catalytic properties, different from those of bulk metals. Since these unique properties depend on shape, size, and composition of nanoparticles, their controlled syntheses are required. Among many synthesis methods of metallic nanoparticles in liquid phase, microwave (MW)‐assisted syntheses recently received a great attention because shape‐ and size‐selective syntheses of nanoparticles are possible in a shorter overall processing time than those in the conventional oil‐bath heating. This minireview is not meant to give an exhaustive overview of all metallic nanoparticles synthesized by MW heating, but to represent principles and advantage of MW‐assisted processes from recent representative researches. I especially focus on preparation and application of core‐shell type hybrid particles, which have unique chemical, physical, and optical properties, different from monometallic nanoparticles. Specific roles of MW irradiation in the formation of metallic nanoparticles are discussed.
Murine Rankl−/− Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Display an Osteogenic Differentiation Defect Improved by a RANKL-Expressing Lentiviral Vector
Authors: Schena Francesca , Menale Ciro , Caci Emanuela , Diomede Lorenzo , Palagano Eleonora , Recordati Camilla , Sandri Monica , Tampieri Anna , Bortolomai Ileana , Capo Valentina , Pastorino Claudia , Bertoni Arinna , Gattorno Marco , Martini Alberto , Villa Anna , Traggiai Elisabetta , Sobacchi Cristina 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Autosomal recessive osteopetrosis (ARO) is a severe bone disease characterized by increased bone density due to impairment in osteoclast resorptive function or differentiation. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the only available treatment; however, this therapy is not effective in RANKL-dependent ARO, since in bone this gene is mainly expressed by cells of mesenchymal origin. Of note, whether lack of RANKL production might cause a defect also in the bone marrow (BM) stromal compartment, possibly contributing to the pathology, is unknown. To verify this possibility, we generated and characterized BM mesenchymal stromal cell (BM-MSC) lines from wild type and Rankl−/− mice, and found that Rankl−/− BM-MSCs displayed reduced clonogenicity and osteogenic capacity. The differentiation defect was significantly improved by lentiviral transduction of Rankl−/− BM-MSCs with a vector stably expressing human soluble RANKL (hsRANKL). Expression of Rankl receptor, Rank, on the cytoplasmic membrane of BM-MSCs pointed to the existence of an autocrine loop possibly activated by the secreted cytokine. Based on the close resemblance of RANKL-defective osteopetrosis in humans and mice, we expect that our results are also relevant for RANKL-dependent ARO patients. Data obtained in vitro after transduction with a lentiviral vector expressing hsRANKL would suggest that restoration of RANKL production might not only rescue the defective osteoclastogenesis of this ARO form, but also improve a less obvious defect in the osteoblast lineage, thus possibly achieving higher benefit for the patients, when the approach is translated to clinics.
Generating synthetic rainfall with geostatistical simulations
Authors: Benoit Lionel , Mariethoz Gregoire 
Published: January 2017

Rainfall is an important driver of many Earth surface and subsurface processes such as floods, groundwater recharge, or plants growth. Models are used to investigate the physical response of different environmental aspects to a range of possible rainfall events. To provide meaningful outputs, such models require realistic inputs. However, a major challenge in these models is the representation of the chaotic behavior of rainfall as well as its high temporal and spatial variability. The primary sources of information about rainfall are rainfall measurements, numerical weather models and climate models. Because these sources of information are incomplete and uncertain, stochastic models have been developed to augment available data using statistical methods. Applications to rainfall modeling include interpolation of rainfall measurements, downscaling of numerical model outputs, or weather generators. In this study, we focus on geostatistical stochastic rainfall generation models, which aim at characterizing and reproducing the spatial structure of rainfall. To this end, the different steps of the geostatistical rainfall modeling are reviewed. The spatial structure of the rain is first characterized by variogram analysis of rainfall data. Then, geostatistical models are discussed that match the observed rain structure. Finally, geostatistical simulations are applied to the inferred models for the generation of synthetic rain fields. WIREs Water 2017, 4:e1199. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1199This article is categorized under:

Science of Water > Hydrological Processes
Science of Water > Methods
The future of the Nile: climate change, land use, infrastructure management, and treaty negotiations in a transboundary river basin
Authors: Barnes Jessica 
Published: January 2017

The Nile is one of the world's major rivers; its basin is shared by 11 countries and is home to some 300 million people. This article reviews the multidisciplinary literature on the Nile to understand more about the outlook for this geopolitically significant river basin. I start by synthesizing the key results from recent climate change modeling studies, which show a warming trend for the basin, but considerable uncertainty regarding the direction of precipitation and streamflow change. I explore how different actors within the Nile Basin are perceiving and responding to climate change. Second, I look at the significance of land use, both to basin hydrology and as a driver of water demand. I highlight contemporary land use changes that could impact flows within the Nile Basin. Third, I examine the role of infrastructure in influencing the magnitude and temporality of flows along the river. I focus, in particular, on the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, its projected impacts, and the concerns it has generated. Finally I explore the geopolitical context of the basin, and the ongoing conflict over water sharing agreements. I look at the treaty currently on the table, the Cooperative Framework Agreement, and the political issues it has raised. In bringing together this diverse literature, the article offers a timely and multifaceted insight into the varied factors that will shape the future of the Nile. WIREs Clim Change 2017, 8:e449. doi: 10.1002/wcc.449This article is categorized under:

Assessing Impacts of Climate Change > Evaluating Future Impacts of Climate Change
Trans‐Disciplinary Perspectives > Regional Reviews
Regulation of mRNA following brain ischemia and reperfusion
Authors: DeGracia Donald J. 
Published: January 2017

There is growing appreciation that mRNA regulation plays important roles in disease and injury. mRNA regulation and ribonomics occur in brain ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) following stroke and cardiac arrest and resuscitation. It was recognized over 40 years ago that translation arrest (TA) accompanies brain I/R and is now recognized as part of the intrinsic stress responses triggered in neurons. However, neuron death correlates to a prolonged TA in cells fated to undergo delayed neuronal death (DND). Dysfunction of mRNA regulatory processes in cells fated to DND prevents them from translating stress‐induced mRNAs such as heat shock proteins. The morphological and biochemical studies of mRNA regulation in postischemic neurons are discussed in the context of the large variety of molecular damage induced by ischemic injury. Open issues and areas of future investigation are highlighted. A sober look at the molecular complexity of ischemia‐induced neuronal injury suggests that a network framework will assist in making sense of this complexity. The ribonomic network sits between the gene network and the various protein and metabolic networks. Thus, targeting the ribonomic network may prove more effective at neuroprotection than targeting specific molecular pathways, for which all efforts have failed to the present time to stop DND in stroke and after cardiac arrest. WIREs RNA 2017, 8:e1415. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1415This article is categorized under:

RNA Structure and Dynamics > Influence of RNA Structure in Biological Systems
RNA Evolution and Genomics > Ribonomics
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Construction of engineeredSaccharomyces cerevisiaestrain to improve that whole-cell biocatalytic production of melibiose from raffinose
Authors: Zhou Yingbiao , Zhu Yueming , Men Yan , Dong Caixia , Sun Yuanxia , Zhang Juankun 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThere are excessive by-products in the biocatalysis process of this whole-cell biocatalytic production of melibiose from raffinose with current Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. To solve this problem, we constructed engineered strains based on a liquor yeast (S. cerevisiae) via gene deletion (mel1 gene), heterologous integration (fsy1 or/and ffzi1 gene from Candida magnoliae), and gene overexpression (gcr1 gene). Functional verification showed that deletion of the mel1 gene led to elimination of the reactions catalyzed by α-galactosidase, as well as elimination of the degradation of melibiose and the formation of galactose by-product. Insertion of the fsy1 or/and ffzi1 gene and overexpression of the gcr1 gene could contribute to fructose transport for enhancing the biopurification rate of the fructose by-product. Compared with the wild-type strain, the optimal engineered strain of MP8 (Δmel1::fsy1 cm::ffzi1 cm::gcr1 sc) had improved about 30% on yield, 31% on productivity, and 36% on purity of the melibiose product.
Purification and characterization of glutamate decarboxylase from Enterococcus raffinosus TCCC11660
Authors: Chang Chuanyou , Zhang Jun , Ma Shenxi , Wang Lin , Wang Depei , Zhang Jian , Gao Qiang 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) is the sole enzyme that synthesizes γ-aminobutyric acid through the irreversible decarboxylation of l-glutamate. In this study, the purification and characterization of an unreported GAD from a novel strain of Enterococcus raffinosus TCCC11660 were investigated. The native GAD from E. raffinosus TCCC11660 was purified 32.3-fold with a recovery rate of 8.3%, using ultrafiltration and ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed by ion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. The apparent molecular weight of purified GAD, as determined by SDS-PAGE and size-exclusion chromatography was 55 and 110 kDa, respectively, suggesting that GAD exists as a dimer of identical subunits in solution. In the best sodium citrate buffer, metal ions of Mo6+ and Mg2+ had positive effects, while Cu2+, Fe2+, Zn2+ and Co2+ showed significant adverse effects on enzyme activity. The optimum pH and temperature of GAD were determined to be 4.6 and 45 °C, while the K m and V max values for the sole l-glutamate substrate were 5.26 and 3.45 μmol L−1 min−1, respectively.
Contamination of Fried Foods by 3‐Monochloropropane‐1,2‐diol Fatty Acid Esters During Frying
Authors: Arisseto Adriana Pavesi , Marcolino P. F. C. , Augusti A. C. , Scaranelo G. R. , Berbari S. A. G. , Miguel A. M. R. O. , Morgano M. A. , Vicente E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn the present work, different foods including banana, potato, cassava, onion, garlic, polenta, rice balls and beef patties were investigated in relation to the possible endogenous formation of 3‐monochloropropane‐1,2‐diol fatty acid esters (bound 3‐MCPD) and carry‐over of these contaminants from the oil due to fat uptake during frying. For that, the samples were fried in two different types of oil and bound 3‐MCPD was determined by using an indirect method based on acid transesterification and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry analysis. The compounds were not detected in the fried foods when corn oil containing non‐significant levels of bound 3‐MCPD (<0.05 mg kg−1) was used, indicating no endogenous formation during frying. On the other hand, when the same foods were fried in palm oil containing 1.64 mg kg−1 of bound 3‐MCPD, the mean concentrations ranged from 0.12 to 0.25 mg kg−1, indicating a clear carry‐over of the contaminants. In this case, a good correlation was observed between the levels of the compounds in fried samples and water loss/fat uptake.
A NEYMAN-PEARSON PERSPECTIVE ON OPTIMAL REINSURANCE WITH CONSTRAINTS
Authors: Lo Ambrose 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe formulation of optimal reinsurance policies that take various practical constraints into account is a problem commonly encountered by practitioners. In the context of a distortion-risk-measure-based optimal reinsurance model without moral hazard, this article introduces and employs a variation of the Neyman–Pearson Lemma in statistical hypothesis testing theory to solve a wide class of constrained optimal reinsurance problems analytically and expeditiously. Such a Neyman–Pearson approach identifies the unit-valued derivative of each ceded loss function as the test function of an appropriate hypothesis test and transforms the problem of designing optimal reinsurance contracts to one that resembles the search of optimal test functions achieved by the classical Neyman–Pearson Lemma. As an illustration of the versatility and superiority of the proposed Neyman–Pearson formulation, we provide complete and transparent solutions of several specific constrained optimal reinsurance problems, many of which were only partially solved in the literature by substantially more difficult means and under extraneous technical assumptions. Examples of such problems include the construction of the optimal reinsurance treaties in the presence of premium budget constraints, counterparty risk constraints and the optimal insurer–reinsurer symbiotic reinsurance treaty considered recently in Cai et al. (2016).
Venture Capital Exits and the Structure of Stock Markets in China
Authors: LIN Lin 
Published: January 2017

AbstractExisting literature suggests a strong relationship between a vibrant venture capital market and an active stock market: venture capital flourishes when venture capitalists can readily exit from successful portfolio companies through IPOs, and IPOs are in turn facilitated by active and efficient stock markets. This article uses China as a case study to explore the connection between the stock market and venture capital market. Through empirical studies, this article confirms the existing literature by demonstrating a close connection between the stock market and venture capital market in China. It also refines the existing literature by finding that, for venture capital availability, laws and policies also matter in China. Strong and sustained law reforms and government policies aimed at improving the institutional structure and regulatory environment of the stock market can facilitate venture capital-backed exits, which in turn lead to an increase in new venture capital availability in China. Nonetheless, numerous IPO closures have led to freeze-ups in China’s venture capital market. Also, there remain a multiplicity of institutional impediments to the efficient operation of the stock market and the effective implementation of IPO reforms in China. These may in turn hinder the development of the Chinese venture capital industry.
Migration: A means to create work–life balance?
Authors: Dyer Suzette , Xu Yiran , Sinha Paresha 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this article, we examine the postmigration work–life balance or conflict experiences of 15 Chinese-born mothers living in New Zealand. Our analysis contributes theoretically to the work–life balance and migration literatures. It does so by revealing that balance and conflict is influenced by the interrelationship between the socio-cultural, work, and family domains; and that this interrelationship has both a complex and nuanced influence on postmigration balance and conflict. Thus, balance or conflict was influenced by the interrelationship between the participants’ unique experiences within the three domains, including experiencing satisfaction in all three domains and through complex processes of negative spillover, compensation, renegotiation and removal. The postmigration experiences highlight the need for a comprehensive and concerted approach by government, tertiary education institutions, and human resource managers to develop responsive policy initiatives that support migrants to settle into all aspects of their lives.
Dairy consumption is associated with a lower incidence of the metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older Korean adults: the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES)
Authors: Kim Dasom , Kim Jihye 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis cohort study examined the association between total and individual dairy products and the risk of developing the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in Korean adults from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. We prospectively analysed 5510 participants aged 40–69 years without the MetS at baseline during a 10-year follow-up period. Dairy consumption was assessed with a semi-quantitative FFQ at baseline and after 4 years. The MetS was defined according to the criteria by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. The Cox’s proportional hazard model was used to examine the association between consumption of total dairy products, milk and yogurt in servings per week and the risk of incident MetS or individual components. A total of 2103 subjects developed the MetS (38·2 %) during an average follow-up of 67·4 months (range 17–104 months). Frequent dairy consumption (>7 servings of total dairy and milk/week, ≥4 servings of yogurt/week) was associated with a reduced risk of incident MetS and its components. In the multivariable adjusted model, hazard ratios for the MetS were 0·51 (95 % CI 0·43, 0·61) for total dairy products, 0·50 (95 % CI 0·38, 0·66) for milk and 0·67 (95 % CI 0·57, 0·78) for yogurt in frequent consumers compared with non-consumers. An inverse association between milk/yogurt and low HDL-cholesterol was shown only in women. In conclusion, high consumption of individual dairy products including milk and yogurt as well as total dairy were associated with a reduced risk of incident MetS and individual components in Korean adults.