bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature‐dependent phenology and growth potential of the Andean potato tuber moth, Symmetrischema tangolias (Gyen) (Lep., Gelechiidae)
Authors: Sporleder M. , Schaub B. , Aldana G. , Kroschel J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe Andean potato tuber moth, Symmetrischema tangolias (Gyen) [Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae], is an economically important pest of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in the mid‐elevated Andean region and an invasive pest of partially global importance. Determination of the pest's population life table parameters is essential for understanding population development and growth under a variety of climates and as part of a pest risk analysis. The development, mortality and reproduction were studied in two pest populations (from Peru and Ecuador) in which cohorts of each life stage were exposed to different constant temperatures ranging from 10°C to 28°C. Using the Insect Life Cycle Modeling software, nonlinear equations were fitted to the data and an overall phenology model established to simulate life table parameters based on temperature. The temperature‐dependent development curve was statistically well described for eggs by Ratkowsky's model and for larvae and pupae by Taylor's model. Variability in development time among individuals independent of temperature was significantly described by a log‐logistic model. Temperature effects on immature mortality were described using different nonlinear models. Optimal temperature for survival was between 14° and 17°C. Temperature effects on adult senescence and oviposition time were described by simple exponential models; within‐group variability was described by a Weibull distribution function. Fecundity per female due to temperature followed a nonlinear model indicating maximum reproduction at ~17°C. The established model revealed good convergence with historical life tables established at fluctuating temperatures. The results confirm that S. tangolias is more adapted to cooler temperature than the common potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller). S. tangolias develops at temperatures within the range of 8–28.8°C with a maximum finite rate of population increase (=1.053) at 21°C. The established process‐based physiological model can be used globally to simulate life table parameters for S. tangolias based on temperature and should prove helpful for evaluating the potential establishment risk and in adjusting pest management programmes.
Population genetic diversity and structure of a dominant tropical seagrass, Cymodocea rotundata, in the Western Pacific region
Authors: Arriesgado Dan M. , Kurokochi Hiroyuki , Nakajima Yuichi , Matsuki Yu , Uy Wilfredo H. , Fortes Miguel D. , Campos Wilfredo L. , Nadaoka Kazuo , Lian Chunlan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCymodocea rotundata is an ecologically important tropical pioneer seagrass species distributed in the Indo‐Pacific region. The population genetic diversity and structure of this species were analysed at 46 sites spanning the Philippines, Ryukyu Islands (northern limit) and Hainan Island, by using microsatellite simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Analyses revealed the persistence of C. rotundata likely relies on local population dynamics and fitness influenced by environmental gradients, with sexual reproduction prevalent in the Philippines while the Ryukyu and Hainan populations were predominantly established by clonal spread. Analysis of molecular variance showed significant genetic differentiation (P < 0.001) among three geographic regions: the Philippines, Ryukyu and Hainan. Furthermore, the mean fixation index value was very high (FST = 0.36), indicating poor dispersal potential or limited gene flow. Allelic richness and heterozygosity of C. rotundata was comparable in the Philippines and Ryukyu Islands populations. More private alleles were found in the Philippines and excess heterozygotes in the Ryukyu Islands. STRUCTURE analysis revealed that the Ryukyu and Hainan populations were mosaics of admixed alleles of individuals from the Philippines. An assignment test suggested that recruitment occurs from the Northeast Philippines to Ryukyu Islands. These results suggest that the Philippine populations are tropical seagrass hotspots and perhaps the origin of the populations in the Ryukyu and Hainan Islands. This scenario is most likely driven by the Kuroshio Current and island integration events during plate tectonic activities. The Philippine Archipelago is considered of high importance for conservation objectives and management plan of seagrasses. Likewise, the Ryukyu Islands are also important in terms of conserving regional diversity because locally adapted genotypes have important evolutionary potential in the face of environmental change.
Colour polymorphism is likely to be disadvantageous to some populations and species due to genetic architecture and morph interactions
Authors: Bolton Peri E. , Rollins Lee A. , Griffith Simon C. 
Published: May 2016

Polymorphism describes two or more distinct, genetically determined, phenotypes that co‐occur in the same population, where the rarest morph is maintained at a frequency above the mutation rate (Ford 1945; Huxley 1955). In a recent opinion piece, we explored a new idea regarding the role of genetic architectures and morph interactions in colour polymorphisms and how this can negatively affect population performance (Boltonet al. 2015). In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Forsman (2016) thoroughly discusses the current evidence for polymorphisms enhancing population performance and critiques the validity of the definitions of polymorphism we use in our original paper. We respond by clarifying that the negative consequences of polymorphisms that we discussed are likely to be most pertinent in species that have a particular set of characteristics, such as strong sexual or social interactions between morphs and discrete genetic architectures. Although it was not our intention to redefine polymorphism, we do believe that there should be further discussion about refining or characterizing balanced polymorphisms with respect to the degree of morph sympatry, discreteness of traits and their underlying genetic architecture, and the types of selection that drive and maintain the variation. The latter describes whether polymorphism is primarily maintained by external factors such as predation pressure or internal factors such as interactions with members of the same species. The contribution of Forsman (2016) is useful to this discussion, and we hope that our exchange of opinions will inspire new empirical and theoretical ideas on the origin and maintenance of colour polymorphisms.
Towards understanding the genetic basis of mouth asymmetry in the scale‐eating cichlidPerissodus microlepis
Authors: Raffini Francesca , Fruciano Carmelo , Franchini Paolo , Meyer Axel 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHow polymorphisms consisting in left–right asymmetries are produced and maintained in natural populations is a tantalizing question, which remains largely unanswered. The scale‐eating cichlid fishPerissodus microlepisis a remarkable example of extreme ecological specialization achieved by morphological and behavioural laterality. Its asymmetric mouth is accompanied by a pronounced lateralized foraging behaviour, where a left‐bending morph preferentially feeds on the scales of the right side of its prey, while the opposite is true for the right morph. This striking asymmetry made this fish a textbook example of the astounding degree of ecological specialization and negative frequency‐dependent selection. Yet, the genetic basis underlying this spectacular laterality remains unknown. We addressed this question through analyses of wild‐caught fish using high‐throughputDNAsequencing data. A novel array ofSNPmarkers was developed by ddRADsequencing (ddRADseq) and the use of pooledDNAsamples (PoolSeq). We obtained more than 155 000SNPs using ddRADseq and 3 900 000SNPs with PoolSeq. Among these, we identified one (ddRAD)SNP, and 38 or 378 (PoolSeq) windows that are differentiated between the left and right morphs accounting for spurious associations due to geographic structuring. This allowed us to uncover candidate genomic regions that potentially contain genes for this trait. Then, this interesting trait has a genetic basis that is likely to be influenced by multiple loci. This result contributes to a greater understanding of the genetic bases of left–right asymmetry and, ultimately, the evolutionary processes governing the maintenance of this striking case of laterality.
Monocytes of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis linked to gene mutations display altered TDP‐43 subcellular distribution
Authors: De Marco G. , Lomartire A. , Calvo A. , Risso A. , De Luca E. , Mostert M. , Mandrioli J. , Caponnetto C. , Borghero G. , Manera U. , Canosa A. , Moglia C. , Restagno G. , Fini N. , Tarella C. , Giordana M. T. , Rinaudo M. T. , Chiò A. 
Published: May 2016

AimsCytoplasmic accumulation of the nuclear protein transactive response DNA‐binding protein 43 (TDP‐43) is an early determinant of motor neuron degeneration in most amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cases. We previously disclosed this accumulation in circulating lymphomonocytes (CLM) of ALS patients with mutant TARDBP, the TDP‐43‐coding gene, as well as of a healthy individual carrying the parental TARDBP mutation. Here, we investigate TDP‐43 subcellular localization in CLM and in the constituent cells, lymphocytes and monocytes, of patients with various ALS‐linked mutant genes.MethodsTDP‐43 subcellular localization was analysed with western immunoblotting and immunocytofluorescence in CLM of healthy controls (n = 10), patients with mutant TARDBP (n = 4, 1 homozygous), valosin‐containing protein (VCP; n = 2), fused in sarcoma/translocated in liposarcoma (FUS; n = 2), Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1; n = 6), chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9ORF72; n = 4), without mutations (n = 5) and neurologically unaffected subjects with mutant TARDBP (n = 2).ResultsTDP‐43 cytoplasmic accumulation was found (P < 0.05 vs. controls) in CLM of patients with mutant TARDBP or VCP, but not FUS, in line with TDP‐43 subcellular localization described for motor neurons of corresponding groups. Accumulation also characterized CLM of the healthy individuals with mutant TARDBP and of some patients with mutant SOD1 or C9ORF72. In 5 patients, belonging to categories described to carry TDP‐43 mislocalization in motor neurons (3 C9ORF72, 1 TARDBP and 1 without mutations), TDP‐43 cytoplasmic accumulation was not detected in CLM or in lymphocytes but was in monocytes.ConclusionsIn ALS forms characterized by TDP‐43 mislocalization in motor neurons, monocytes display this alteration, even when not manifest in CLM. Monocytes may be used to support diagnosis, as well as to identify subjects at risk, of ALS and to develop/monitor targeted treatments.
Effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy in treating bipolar disorder: An updated meta‐analysis with randomized controlled trials
Authors: Ye Bi‐Yu , Jiang Ze‐Yu , Li Xuan , Cao Bo , Cao Li‐Ping , Lin Yin , Xu Gui‐Yun , Miao Guo‐Dong 
Published: May 2016

AimThe aim of this updated meta‐analysis was to further assess the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in treating bipolar disorder (BD).MethodsWe carried out a literature search on PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library up to October 2015. We calculated the pooled relative risk of relapse rate and standard mean difference (SMD) of mean change (data at a follow‐up time‐point – baseline) of the Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Hopelessness Scale, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and Mania Rating Scale scores with their 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Subgroup analyses based on follow‐up time were performed.ResultsNine randomized controlled trials with 520 bipolar I or II disorder patients were reanalyzed. Overall analysis showed that CBT did not significantly reduce the relapse rate of BD or improve the level of depression. However, significant efficacy of CBT in improving severity of mania was proved based on the YMRS (SMD = −0.54, 95%CI, −1.03 to −0.06,
P
= 0.03) but not based on MRS. Subgroup analyses showed that CBT had short‐term efficacy in reducing relapse rate of BD (at 6 months’ follow‐up: relative risk = 0.49, 95%CI: 0.29–0.81,
P
= 0.006) and improving severity of mania based on YMRS score (post‐treatment: SMD = −0.30, 95%CI, −0.59 to −0.01,
P
= 0.04).ConclusionShort‐term efficacy of CBT in reducing relapse rate of BD and improving the severity of mania was proved. But these effects could be weakened by time. In addition, there was no effect of CBT on level of depression in BD.
Measuring and Forecasting Quality in English Hospitals
Authors: Papanicolas Irene , McGuire Alistair 
Published: May 2016

Summary
Hospital performance metrics, often in the form of risk-adjusted hospital mortality rates, are increasingly being made available in the public domain to compare hospitals. Despite the proliferation of these metrics, uncertainty remains regarding their validity and reliability given the noise surrounding their underlying measures. The paper considers a quality measure of hospital performance developed by McClellan and Staiger which smooths within hospitals and over time, while remaining computationally straightforward. The McClellan and Staiger method improves on others by incorporating different measures of outcome, eliminating systematic bias arising from the heterogeneous mix of hospital outputs and the noise that is inherent in other measures of quality. The technique also allows the forecasting of future quality. Using English hospital episode statistics for the years 2000–2005 for acute myocardial infarction and hip replacement, we use this technique to return quality measures based on hospital fixed effects estimated from yearly cross-sectional patient level data, and vector auto-regressions estimated over time, which then combine information from different time periods and across conditions to produce robust hospital quality measures. Our results suggest that this method is well suited to measure and predict provider quality of care in the English setting.
Significance of shallow core transects for reef models and sea‐level curves, Heron Reef, Great Barrier Reef
Authors: Webb Gregory E. , Nothdurft Luke D. , Zhao Jian‐Xin , Opdyke Bradley , Price Gilbert 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA sequence of shallow reef cores from Heron Reef, Great Barrier Reef, provides new insights into Holocene reef growth models. Isochron analysis of a leeward core transect suggests that the north‐western end of Heron Reef reached current sea‐level by ca 6·5 kyr bp and then prograded leeward at a rate of ca 19·6 m/kyr between 5·1 kyr and 4·1 kyr bp (pre‐1950) to the present reef margin. A single short core on the opposing margin of the reef is consistent with greater and more recent progradation there. Further to the east, one windward core reached modern sea‐level by ca 6·3 kyr bp, suggesting near ‘keep‐up’ behaviour at that location, but the opposing leeward margin behind the lagoon reached sea‐level much more recently. Hence, Heron Reef exhibited significantly different reef growth behaviour on different parts of the same margin. Mean reef accretion rates calculated from within 20 m of one another in the leeward core transect varied between ca 2·9 m and 4·7 m/kyr depending on relative position in the prograding wedge. These cores serve as a warning regarding the use of isolated cores to inform reef growth rates because apparent aggradation at any given location on a reef varies depending on its location relative to a prograding margin. Only transects of closely spaced cores can document reef behaviour adequately so as to inform reef growth models and sea‐level curves. The cores also emphasize potential problems in U‐series dates for corals within a shallow (ca 1·5 m) zone beneath the reef flat. Apparent age inversions restricted to that active diagenetic zone may reflect remobilization and concentration of Th in irregularly distributed microbialites or biofilms that were missed during sample vetting. Importantly, the Th‐containing contaminant causes ages to appear too old, rather than too young, as would be expected from younger cement.
Correlation of Serum Vitamin A Levels with Disease Activity Indices and Colonic IL‐23R and FOXP3 mRNA Expression in Ulcerative Colitis Patients
Authors: Verma P. , Subodh S. , Tiwari V. , Rampal R. , Tuteja A. , Toteja G. S. , Gupta S. D. , Ahuja V. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractGenome‐wide association studies have identified IL‐23 receptor (IL‐23R) as a susceptibility locus for the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC), which is characterized by exaggerated Th2/Th17 response. Studies have shown that vitamin A (VA) reduces disease progression by promoting FOXP3⁺ T cells and curbing Th17 cells. In this study, we explored the association of colonic IL‐23R and FOXP3 expression in fifty‐one UC patients (23 in remission and 28 with active disease) with serum VA levels and disease activity. We observed that decreased serum VA levels were associated with increased disease activity. However, there was no significant difference in mucosal IL‐23R and FOXP3 expression in UC patients with moderate–to‐severe disease activity compared to those in remission. Also, no significant correlation was drawn between serum VA levels and mucosal IL‐23R and FOXP3 expression. Our study suggests that even after an established role of VA in inhibiting Th17 responses in mice models and humans, serum VA levels and disease activity do not correlate with FOXP3 and IL‐23R expression in colonic mucosa of UC patients.
Missing the Party: Political Categorization and Reasoning in the Absence of Party Label Cues
Authors: Heit Evan , Nicholson Stephen P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis research addressed theoretical approaches in political science arguing that the American electorate is either poorly informed or dependent on party label cues, by assessing performance on political judgment tasks when party label information is missing. The research materials were created from the results of a national opinion survey held during a national election. The experiments themselves were run on nationally representative samples of adults, identified from another national electoral survey. Participants saw profiles of simulated individuals, including information about demographics and issue positions, but omitting party labels. In Experiment 1, participants successfully judged the likelihood of party membership based on the profiles. In Experiment 2, participants successfully voted based on their party interests. The results were mediated by participants' political knowledge. Conclusions are drawn with respect to theories from political science and issues in cognitive science regarding categorization and reasoning.
Exploring Psychology in the Field: Steps and Examples From the Used‐Car Market
Authors: Pope Devin G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe growing availability of large datasets in a variety of domains presents an opportunity for researchers to use field data to better understand psychological concepts. I discuss, from an empirical economics point of view, steps for how to study cognition in large datasets. I use two recent papers that explore psychology in the used‐car market as motivating examples. These examples help illustrate the potential importance of big data as a way to explore human psychology and cognition.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Regarding Risk to Human Infection due to Mycobacterium bovis among Cattle Farming Communities in Western Uganda
Authors: Kazoora H. B. , Majalija S. , Kiwanuka N. , Kaneene J. B. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryA cross‐sectional study involving multistage cluster sampling was undertaken in Kashari county, Mbarara district, western Uganda, in which quantitative and qualitative approaches were utilized to determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding risk of human infection with zoonotic tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis among cattle farmers. Of 496 respondents, 50% were farm owners and 50% herdsmen. Males were 70.9% of all the study participants. Among these, 37.5% had good knowledge, 41.4% had positive attitudes and 75.2% good practices regarding zoonotic tuberculosis. In the multivariable model, good knowledge was associated with having ever received health education, spending more than 5 years keeping cattle, having heard of cattle condemned at the abattoir due to tuberculosis and marital status. Positive attitudes were associated with having ever received health education, having heard of cattle condemned at the abattoir due to tuberculosis and being a farm owner versus being a herdsman. Good practices were associated with health education and good knowledge of the disease. Overall, knowledge and attitudes towards zoonotic tuberculosis due to M. bovis in humans was found to be low. While the majority of the respondents reported good practices, there were some still consuming raw milk and its products, which may predispose them to infection and indicates the need for greater outreach for zoonotic tuberculosis education.
Impact of errors in recorded compressed breast thickness measurements on volumetric density classification using volpara v1.5.0 software
Authors: Waade Gunvor Gipling , Highnam Ralph , Hauge Ingrid H. R. , McEntee Mark F. , Hofvind Solveig , Denton Erika , Kelly Judith , Sarwar Jasmine J. , Hogg Peter 
Published: May 2016

Purpose:Mammographic density has been demonstrated to predict breast cancer risk. It has been proposed that it could be used for stratifying screening pathways and recommending additional imaging. Volumetric density tools use the recorded compressed breast thickness (CBT) of the breast measured at the x‐ray unit in their calculation; however, the accuracy of the recorded thickness can vary. The aim of this study was to investigate whether inaccuracies in recorded CBT impact upon volumetric density classification and to examine whether the current quality control (QC) standard is sufficient for assessing mammographic density.Methods:Raw data from 52 digital screening mammograms were included in the study. For each image, the clinically recorded CBT was artificially increased and decreased in increments of 1 mm to simulate measurement error, until ±15% from the recorded CBT was reached. New images were created for each 1 mm step in thickness resulting in a total of 974 images which then had volpara density grade (VDG) and volumetric density percentage assigned.Results:A change in VDG was observed in 38.5% (n = 20) of mammograms when applying ±15% error to the recorded CBT and 11.5% (n = 6) was within the QC standard prescribed error of ±5 mm.Conclusions:The current QC standard of ±5 mm error in recorded CBT creates the potential for error in mammographic density measurement. This may lead to inaccurate classification of mammographic density. The current QC standard for assessing mammographic density should be reconsidered.