bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Determination of Total Vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B6 in Infant Formula and Related Nutritionals by Enzymatic Digestion and LC-MS/MS: Single-Laboratory Validation, First Action 2015.14
Authors: Salvati Louis M , McClure Sean C , Reddy Todime M , Cellar Nicholas A 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This method provides simultaneous determination of total vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B6 in infant formula and related nutritionals (adult and infant). The method was given First Action for vitamins B1, B2, and B6, but not B3, during the AOAC Annual Meeting in September 2015. The method uses acid phosphatase to dephosphorylate the phosphorylated vitamin forms. It then measures thiamine (vitamin B1); riboflavin (vitamin B2); nicotinamide and nicotinic acid (vitamin B3); and pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine (vitamin B6) from digested sample extract by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A single-laboratory validation was performed on 14 matrixes provided by the AOAC Stakeholder Panel on Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals (SPIFAN) to demonstrate method effectiveness. The method met requirements of the AOAC SPIFAN Standard Method Performance Requirement for each of the three vitamins, including average over-spike recovery of 99.6 ± 3.5%, average repeatability of 1.5 ± 0.8% relative standard deviation, and average intermediate precision of 3.9 ± 1.3% relative standard deviation.
A novel molecular approach for tracing terrigenous dissolved organic matter into the deep ocean
Authors: Medeiros Patricia M. , Seidel Michael , Niggemann Jutta , Spencer Robert G. M. , Hernes Peter J. , Yager Patricia L. , Miller William L. , Dittmar Thorsten , Hansell Dennis A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMarine dissolved organic matter (DOM) contains one of the largest exchangeable organic carbon pools on Earth. Riverine input represents an important source of DOM to the oceans, yet much remains to be learned about the fate of the DOM linking terrestrial to oceanic carbon cycles through rivers at the global scale. Here we use ultrahigh‐resolution mass spectrometry to identify 184 molecular formulae that are indicators of riverine inputs (referred to as t‐Peaks) and to track their distribution in the deep North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans. The t‐Peaks were found to be enriched in the Amazon River, to be highly correlated with known tracers of terrigenous input, and to be observed in all samples from four different rivers characterized by vastly different landscapes and vegetation coverage spanning equatorial (Amazon and Congo), subtropical (Altamaha), and Arctic (Kolyma) regions. Their distribution reveals that terrigenous organic matter is injected into the deep ocean by the global meridional overturning circulation, indicating that a fraction of the terrigenous DOM introduced by rivers contributes to the DOM pool observed in the deep ocean and to the storage of terrigenous organic carbon. This novel molecular approach can be used to further constrain the transfer of DOM from land to sea, especially considering that Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer analysis is becoming increasingly frequent in studies characterizing the molecular composition of DOM in lakes, rivers, and the ocean.
Mechanical anisotropy control on strain localization in upper mantle shear zones
Authors: Herwegh Marco , Mercolli Ivan , Linckens Jolien , Müntener Othmar 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMantle rocks at oceanic spreading centers reveal dramatic rheological changes from partially molten to solid‐state ductile to brittle deformation with progressive cooling. Using the crustal‐scale Wadi al Wasit mantle shear zone (SZ, Semail ophiolite, Oman), we monitor such changes based on quantitative field and microstructural investigations combined with petrological and geochemical analyses. The spatial distribution of magmatic dikes and high strain zones gives important information on the location of magmatic and tectonic activity. In the SZ, dikes derived from primitive melts (websterites) are distributed over the entire SZ but are more abundant in the center; dikes from more evolved, plagioclase saturated melts (gabbronorites) are restricted to the SZ center. Accordingly, harzburgite deformation fabrics show a transition from protomylonite (1100°C), mylonite (900–800°C) to ultramylonite (<700°C) and a serpentine foliation (<500°C) from the SZ rim to the center. The spatial correlation between solid‐state deformation fabrics and magmatic features indicates progressive strain localization in the SZ on the cooling path. Three stages can be discriminated: (i) Cycles of melt injection (dunite channels and websterite dikes) and solid‐state deformation (protomylonites‐mylonites; 1100–900°C), (ii) dominant solid‐state deformation in harzburgite mylonites (900–800°C) with some last melt injections (gabbronorites) and ultramylonites (<700°C), and (iii) infiltration of seawater inducing a serpentine foliation (<500°C) followed by cataclasis during obduction. The change of these processes in space and time indicates that early dike‐related ridge‐parallel deformation controls the onset of the entire strain localization history promoting nucleation sites for different strain weakening processes as a consequence of changing physicochemical conditions.
Miocene detachment faulting predating EPR propagation: Southern Baja California
Authors: Bot Anna , Geoffroy Laurent , Authemayou Christine , Bellon Hervé , Graindorge David , Pik Raphaël 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAt the southern tip of the Baja California peninsula, we characterize the onshore structures and kinematics associated with crustal necking leading up to the Pliocene breakup and early East Pacific Rise seafloor spreading. From a combination of tectonic field investigations, K‐Ar and cosmogenic isotope dating and geomorphology, we propose that the Los Cabos block represents the exhumed footwall of a major detachment fault. This north trending detachment fault is marked by a conspicuous low‐dipping brittle‐ductile shear zone showing a finite displacement with top to the SE ending to the ESE. This major feature is associated with fluid circulations which led to rejuvenation of the deformed Cretaceous magmatic rocks at a maximum of 17.5 Ma. The detachment footwall displays kilometer‐scale corrugations controlling the present‐day drainage pattern. This major detachment is synchronous with the development of the San José del Cabo Basin where syntectonic sedimentation took place from the middle Miocene to probably the early Pliocene. We propose that this seaward dipping detachment fault accommodates the proximal crustal necking of the Baja California passive margin, which predates the onset of formation of the East Pacific Rise spreading axis in the Cabo‐Puerto Vallarta segment. Our data illustrate an apparent anticlockwise rotation of the stretching direction in Baja California Sur from ~17 Ma to the Pliocene.
Hydrological drivers of record‐setting water level rise on Earth's largest lake system
Authors: Gronewold A. D. , Bruxer J. , Durnford D. , Smith J. P. , Clites A. H. , Seglenieks F. , Qian S. S. , Hunter T. S. , Fortin V. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBetween January 2013 and December 2014, water levels on Lake Superior and Lake Michigan‐Huron, the two largest lakes on Earth by surface area, rose at the highest rate ever recorded for a 2 year period beginning in January and ending in December of the following year. This historic event coincided with below‐average air temperatures and extensive winter ice cover across the Great Lakes. It also brought an end to a 15 year period of persistently below‐average water levels on Lakes Superior and Michigan‐Huron that included several months of record‐low water levels. To differentiate hydrological drivers behind the recent water level rise, we developed a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) routine for inferring historical estimates of the major components of each lake's water budget. Our results indicate that, in 2013, the water level rise on Lake Superior was driven by increased spring runoff and over‐lake precipitation. In 2014, reduced over‐lake evaporation played a more significant role in Lake Superior's water level rise. The water level rise on Lake Michigan‐Huron in 2013 was also due to above‐average spring runoff and persistent over‐lake precipitation, while in 2014, it was due to a rare combination of below‐average evaporation, above‐average runoff and precipitation, and very high inflow rates from Lake Superior through the St. Marys River. We expect, in future research, to apply our new framework across the other Laurentian Great Lakes, and to Earth's other large freshwater basins as well.
Surface Modification of ZrO2 Nanoparticles with Biosafe Coupling Agents, Preparation of Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) Nanocomposites: Optical, Thermal, and Morphological Studies
Authors: Mallakpour Shadpour , Nezamzadeh Ezhieh Ahmadreza 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn this study, a series of green and environmental friendly nanocomposites (NCs) were prepared using poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), citric acid, vitamin C, and ZrO2 nanoparticles (NPs) as biosafe and biocompatible agents. To develop dispersion and interfacial compatibility of ZrO2 NPs with PVP matrix, at first the surface of NPs was modified with citric acid and vitamin C. Then, the novel NCs were fabricated by adding various amounts of modified ZrO2 NPs in the PVP matrix. All of the steps were performed with ultrasonic irradiation as a safe method. The obtained NCs were investigated by different techniques. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results indicated interactions between the NPs and modifier agents. Thermogravimetric analysis results illustrated that the thermal stability of NC 7 wt% in comparison to the pure polymer was enhanced. The surface topography and morphology of the NCs were studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The results showed that the nanofiller were homogeneously dispersed in the polymer matrix. Finally, the incorporation of the modified ZrO2 NPs influenced the UV–Vis absorption of the pure PVP.
A Tandem Catalyst with Multiple Metal Oxide Interfaces Produced by Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Ge Huibin , Zhang Bin , Gu Xiaomin , Liang Haojie , Yang Huimin , Gao Zhe , Wang Jianguo , Qin Yong 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIdeal heterogeneous tandem catalysts necessitate the rational design and integration of collaborative active sites. Herein, we report on the synthesis of a new tandem catalyst with multiple metal‐oxide interfaces based on a tube‐in‐tube nanostructure using template‐assisted atomic layer deposition, in which Ni nanoparticles are supported on the outer surface of the inner Al2O3 nanotube (Ni/Al2O3 interface) and Pt nanoparticles are attached to the inner surface of the outer TiO2 nanotube (Pt/TiO2 interface). The tandem catalyst shows remarkably high catalytic efficiency in nitrobenzene hydrogenation over Pt/TiO2 interface with hydrogen formed in situ by the decomposition of hydrazine hydrate over Ni/Al2O3 interface. This can be ascribed to the synergy effect of the two interfaces and the confined nanospace favoring the instant transfer of intermediates. The tube‐in‐tube tandem catalyst with multiple metal‐oxide interfaces represents a new concept for the design of highly efficient and multifunctional nanocatalysts.
Enantioselective Oxetane Ring Opening with Chloride: Unusual Use of Wet Molecular Sieves for the Controlled Release of HCl
Authors: Yang Wen , Wang Zhaobin , Sun Jianwei 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAn unprecedented enantioselective oxetane opening with chloride provides access to a range of highly functionalized three‐carbon building blocks. The excellent enantiocontrol is enabled not only by a new catalyst, but also by the unusual use of wet molecular sieves for the controlled release of HCl.
An Air‐Stable Semiconducting Polymer Containing Dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]arsole
Authors: Green Joshua P. , Han Yang , Kilmurray Rebecca , McLachlan Martyn A. , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , Heeney Martin 
Published: April 2016

AbstractArsole‐containing conjugated polymers are a practically unexplored class of materials despite the high interest in their phosphole analogues. Herein we report the synthesis of the first dithieno[3,2‐b;2′,3′‐d]arsole derivative, and demonstrate that it is stable to ambient oxidation in its +3 oxidation state. A soluble copolymer is obtained by a palladium‐catalyzed Stille polymerization and demonstrated to be a p‐type semiconductor with promising hole mobility, which was evaluated by field‐effect transistor measurements.
Electrochemical stability of graphene cathode for high‐voltage lithium ion capacitors
Authors: Wang Yu‐Zuo , Shan Xu‐Yi , Wang Da‐Wei , Chen Cheng‐Meng , Li Feng , Cheng Hui‐Ming 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe energy density of electrochemical lithium ion capacitors can be effectively improved through implementing both high capacity cathode and high voltage electrolyte. Graphene is considered as one of the most promising cathodes for lithium ion capacitors because of its high electric conductivity, tunable surface functional groups and controllable pore structure. The development of 5‐V organic electrolyte provides an opportunity to expand the stable working potential window of graphene cathodes. In this work, we explored the high‐voltage electrochemical behavior of graphene cathodes in a 5‐V organic electrolyte (3.0–5.0 V vs Li/Li+). The prohibiting effect of small pores (<5 nm) on electrolyte decomposition during cycling is noticed and correlated with the pore size of graphene powders. The results showed the excellent cycling stability (100% retention after 2000 cycles) of graphene cathodes abundant with pores smaller than 5 nm. This finding indicates a new strategy for practical improvement of graphene‐related electrode applications. © 2016 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assembling Metal–Organic Frameworks in Ionic Liquids and Supercritical CO2
Authors: Zhang Bingxing , Zhang Jianling , Han Buxing 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIonic liquids (ILs) and supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) are both considered to be green solvents with tunable properties. Recently, studies of the synthesis of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) in the presence of ILs and scCO2 has become a burgeoning direction in chemistry and materials science. ILs have been shown to be ideal media for the synthesis of a variety of MOFs owing to their unique properties including the ability to dissolve a wide range of organic and inorganic compounds and flexible designability. scCO2 has adjustable solvent power and excellent mass‐transfer characteristics that offer the opportunity to replace organic solvents for MOF activation, MOF aerogel synthesis, and MOF construction. More interestingly, the simultaneous utilization of IL and scCO2 can combine the advantages of the two liquids, which provides novel routes for the fabrication of MOF structures. This review describes the advances in MOF synthesis in ILs, scCO2, and IL/scCO2 systems.
S8‐Mediated Cyclization of 2‐Aminophenols/thiophenols with Arylmethyl Chloride: Approach to Benzoxazoles and Benzothiazoles
Authors: Gan Haifeng , Miao Dazhuang , Pan Qiang , Hu Renhe , Li Xiaotong , Han Shiqing 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA metal‐free approach to benzazoles from arylmethyl chlorides and 2‐mercaptan/2‐hydroxyanilines using elemental sulfur as a traceless oxidizing agent has been developed. The reactions proceeded in good to excellent yields, exhibiting good functional groups tolerance and gram‐scale ability. A key mechanistic investigation indicated that the key intermediate trisulfide 6, which was characterized by NMR, HRMS and crystal X‐ray crystallography, was separated in the reaction prior to the formation of the product.
Understanding Solvent Manipulation of Morphology in Bulk‐Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Yuxia , Zhan Chuanlang , Yao Jiannian 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFilm morphology greatly influences the performance of bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ)‐structure‐based solar cells. It is known that an interpenetrating bicontinuous network with nanoscale‐separated donor and acceptor phases for charge transfer, an ordered molecular packing for exciton diffusion and charge transport, and a vertical compositionally graded structure for charge collection are prerequisites for achieving highly efficient BHJ organic solar cells (OSCs). Therefore, control of the morphology to obtain an ideal structure is a key problem. For this solution‐processing BHJ system, the solvent participates fully in film processing. Its involvement is critical in modifying the nanostructure of BHJ films. In this review, we discuss the effects of solvent‐related methods on the morphology of BHJ films, including selection of the casting solvent, solvent mixture, solvent vapor annealing, and solvent soaking. On the basis of a discussion on interaction strength and time between solvent and active materials, we believe that the solvent–morphology–performance relationship will be clearer and that solvent selection as a means to manipulate the morphology of BHJ films will be more rational.
Synthesis and Application of Tetrahydro‐2H‐fluorenes by a Pd(0)‐Catalyzed Benzylic C(sp3)−H Functionalization
Authors: Suetsugu Satoshi , Muto Nobusuke , Horinouchi Misa , Tsukano Chihiro , Takemoto Yoshiji 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA new method has been developed for the synthesis of tetrahydro‐2H‐fluorenes based on a Pd(0)‐catalyzed benzylic C(sp3)−H functionalization. Importantly, the success of the cyclization step was dependent on there being substituents at the two positions ortho to the benzylic group to avoid an undesired C(sp2)−H functionalization. This method was subsequently used to prepare the right‐hand fragment of the hexacyclic triterpenoid benzohopanes, and therefore represents a powerful tool for the construction of the related compounds.
β‐to‐β 2,5‐Pyrrolylene‐Linked Cyclic Porphyrin Oligomers
Authors: Rao Yutao , Kim Jun Oh , Kim Woojae , Zhong Guangming , Yin Bangshao , Zhou Mingbo , Shinokubo Hiroshi , Aratani Naoki , Tanaka Takayuki , Liu Shubin , Osuka Atsuhiro , Kim Dongho , Song Jianxin 
Published: April 2016

Abstractβ‐to‐β 2,5‐Pyrrolylene linked cyclic porphyrin oligomers have been synthesized by Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of 2,5‐diborylpyrrole and 3,7‐dibromoporphyrin. The cyclic porphyrin oligomers exhibit roughly coplanar structures, strong excitonic coupling, small electrochemical HOMO–LUMO gaps, and ultrafast excitation energy transfer between the neighboring porphyrins via the pyrrolylene bridge.
Encapsulation of Formaldehyde and Hydrogen Cyanide in an Open‐Cage Fullerene
Authors: Chen Chi‐Shian , Kuo Ting‐Shen , Yeh Wen‐Yann 
Published: April 2016

AbstractReaction of C63NO2(Ph)2(Py) (1) with o‐phenylenediamine and pyridine produces a mixture of C63H4NO2(Ph)2(Py)(N2C6H4) (2) and H2O@2. Compound 2 is a new open‐cage fullerene containing a 20‐membered heterocyclic orifice, which has been fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy, high‐resolution mass spectrometry, and X‐ray crystallography. The elliptical orifice of 2 spans 7.45 Å along the major axis and 5.62 Å along the minor axis, which is large enough to trap water and small organic molecules. Thus, heating a mixture of 2 and H2O@2 with hydrogen cyanide and formaldehyde in chlorobenzene affords HCN@2 and H2CO@2, respectively. The 1H NMR spectroscopy reveals substantial upfield shifts for the endohedral species (δ=−1.30 to −11.30 ppm), owing to the strong shielding effect of the fullerene cage.
ChemInform Abstract: MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTY CHARACTERIZATION OF SINTERED SILICON NITRIDE, SILICON CARBIDE, AND SIALON
Authors: DUTTA S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractGewerbsmäßig hergestellte, ohne Druck gesinterte Si3N4‐, SiC und SiAlON‐Proben werden hinsichtlich ihrer Dichte, Phasenverteilung, Biegefestigkeit und Oxidationsbeständigkeit charakterisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: Influence of Canrbon on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Sintered Boron Carbide.
Authors: SCHWETZ K. A. , GRELLNER W. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractB4C läßt sich druckfrei zu ultrafeinkörnigen Körpern mit Dichten von mehr als 95% der theoretischen Dichte sintern.
ChemInform Abstract: n‐Type β Rhombohedral Boron.
Authors: WERHEIT H. , DE GROOT K. , MALKEMPER W. , LUNDSTROEM T. + 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDotierung von rhomboedrisehem H3 niit Fe‐Atomen führt zu dem interstitiären Misehkristzill FCB2()‐5. Damit wird.
ChemInform Abstract: Low Frequency Non‐Stabilities of Photocurrent in β Rhombohedml Boron at Low Temperatures.
Authors: GOLIKOVA O. A. , KAZANIN M. M. , LUTSENKO E. L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie in rhomboedrischen β‐B‐Einkristallen (p = 7. ′ 10551 cm) auftretenden elektrischen Instabilitäten (Photostromoszillationen) werden im Temp.‐Bereich 107‐450 K in einem Vakuum von l0" P21 untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: THE IMPROVEMENT BY A CVD SILICA COATING OF THE OXIDATION BEHAVIOR OF A 20% CHROMIUM/25% NICKEL NIOBIUM STABILIZED STAINLESS STEEL IN CARBON DIOXIDE
Authors: BENNETT M. J. , HOULTON M. R. , HAWES R. W. M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie oxidationsmindernde Wirkung der mittels einer Dampfreaktion ((EtO)4Si) auf die präoxidierte Stahlober‐ fläche aufgebrachten SiO2‐Beschichtung nimmt im Untersuchungsbereich (05‐27 um) mit der Schichtdicke zu.
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of Iron or Iron Oxide Additions on the Reducibility of Tricalcium Phosphate by Carbon.
Authors: KOLTA G. A. , SABA A. E. , EL ROUDI A. M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie optimalen Bedingungen für die Reduktion von Ca3(PO4), zu elementarem Pgemäß Reaktion A mit einer lOOproL Rückgewinnung des Phosphors ( 90% als P‐Dampf und 10% als Fe‐phosphid) sind etwa 1300 OC.
ChemInform Abstract: IN VITRO ANALOGS OF PHOTOSYSTEM II. COMBINED FLASH PHOTOLYTIC AND CONDUCTOMETRIC STUDY OF LIGHT‐INDUCED OXYGEN EVOLUTION FROM WATER MEDIATED BY COLLOIDAL RUBIDIUM DIOXIDE/TITANIUM DIOXIDE
Authors: HUMPHRY‐BAKER R. , LILIE J. , GRAETZEL M. + 
Published: April 2016

AbstractKolloidale, mit ultrafeinen RuO2‐Fällungen beladene TiOg‐Teilchen (R1, = 200 Å) sind extrem aktive Katalysatoren für die H2O‐Oxidation.
ChemInform Abstract: COMPARISON OF THE SOLID AND LIQUID SOLUTION STATES OF REPRESENTATIVE PHOSPHORANES BY PHOSPHORUS‐31 NMR
Authors: DENNIS L. W. , BARTUSKA V. J. , MACIEL G. E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie 31P‐NMR‐chemischen Verschiebungen der Phosphorane (I)‐(V) werden in Lösung und im festen Zustand ermittelt.
ChemInform Abstract: RESTRICTED INTERNAL ROTATIONS IN SOME ORTHO‐SUBSTITUTED DIARYL SULFIDES AND SULFONES
Authors: LAM W. Y. , MARTIN J. C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFür die aus den Sulfiden (1) hergestellten Sulfone (II) sowie für das Sulfonlacton (I11) werden Rotationsbarrieren und Konformationen diskutiert.
ChemInform Abstract: Macrocyclic Effect in Transition‐Metal Ion Complexes of a Mixed (Nitrogen, Oxygen) Donor Macrocycle.
Authors: HANCOCK R. D. , THOEM V. J. + 
Published: April 2016

AbstractZur Untersuchung eines Makrocyclus mit gemischten Donatoratomen, der mit Übergangsmetallionen wie Cu, Ni und Zn vergleichbare Geometrien ausbildet.
ChemInform Abstract: THE KINETICS AND MECHANISM OF DIAZOALKANE ANION RADICAL REACTIONS. THE DIMERIZATION OF DIAZOFLUORENE ANION RADICAL
Authors: PARKER V. D. , BETHELL D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn CH3CN wird Diazofluoren mit k = 2.29·10‐5/M·s zum dimeren Radikalanion oxidiert, das rasch zu trans‐Fluorenonazin weiterreagiert.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROSTATIC BINDING OF ELECTROACTIVE AND NONELECTROACTIVE ANIONS IN A SURFACE‐CONFINED, ELECTROACTIVE POLYMER: SELECTIVITY OF BINDING MEASURED BY AUGER SPECTROSCOPY AND CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY
Authors: BRUCE J. A. , WRIGHTON M. S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractElektroden lassen sich mit dem Bipyridiniumdi‐ bromid (I) unter Bildung eines oberflächenbegrenzten elektroaktiven Polymeren (PQ"‐2 Br′)" funktionalisieren.