bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergency Department Use in a Cohort of Older Homeless Adults: Results From the HOPE HOME Study
Authors: Raven Maria C. , Tieu Lina , Lee Christopher T. , Ponath Claudia , Guzman David , Kushel Margot 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe median age of single homeless adults is over 50, yet little is known about their emergency department (ED) use. We describe use of and factors associated with ED use in a sample of homeless adults 50 and older.MethodsWe recruited 350 participants who were homeless and 50 or older in Oakland, California. We interviewed participants about residential history in the prior 6 months, health status, health‐related behaviors, and health services use and assessed cognition and mobility. Our primary outcome was the number of ED visits in the prior 6 months based on medical record review. We used negative binomial regression to examine factors associated with ED use.ResultsIn the 6 months prior to enrollment, 46.3% of participants spent the majority of their time unsheltered; 25.1% cycled through multiple institutions including shelters, hospitals, and jails; 16.3% primarily stayed with family or friends; and 12.3% had become homeless recently after spending much of the prior 6 months housed. Half (49.7%) of participants made at least one ED visit in the past 6 months; 6.6% of participants accounted for 49.9% of all visits. Most (71.8%) identified a regular non‐ED source of healthcare; 7.3% of visits resulted in hospitalization. In multivariate models, study participants who used multiple institutions (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 2.27; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08 to 4.77) and who were unsheltered (IRR = 2.29; 95% CI = 1.17 to 4.48) had higher ED use rates than participants who had been housed for most of the prior 6 months. In addition, having health insurance/coverage (IRR = 2.6; CI = 1.5 to 4.4), a history of psychiatric hospitalization (IRR = 1.80; 95% CI = 1.09 to 2.99), and severe pain (IRR = 1.72; 95% CI = 1.07 to 2.76) were associated with higher ED visit rates.ConclusionsA sample of adults aged 50 and older who were homeless at study entry had higher rates of ED use in the prior 6 months than the general U.S. age‐matched population. Within the sample, ED use rates varied based on individuals’ residential histories, suggesting that individuals’ ED use is related to exposure to homelessness.
Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) population density and pupal size are dependent on rootstock and nitrogen in hydroponic tomato crop
Authors: Žanić Katja , Dumičić Gvozden , Urlić Branimir , Vuletin Selak Gabriela , Goreta Ban Smiljana 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Bemisia tabaci is one of the most damaging pests in tomato greenhouse production. The resistance of B. tabaci to insecticides requires a new approach with respect to the integrated management of this pest.
The effect of grafting (nongrafted and tomato grafted on the rootstock Arnold) and nitrogen (N) rates (75, 140 and 205 mg/L) on the density of B. tabaci large nymphs (fourth instar to pupae) was studied in 2012. In 2013, large nymphs density was examined in relation to grafting treatments (nongrafted, self‐grafted and tomatoes grafted onto the rootstocks Arnold and He‐Man) and NO3− : NH4+ ratios (92 : 8, 85 : 15 and 70 : 30).
A reduction of B. tabaci population density was found for rootstock Arnold grown at 140 and 205 mg/L N in the nutrient solution. Pupal size decreased with decreasing N fertilization. In the second experiment, rootstocks contributed to a reduction of B. tabaci density at different NO3− : NH4+ ratios. The lowest B. tabaci population density was found on plants grafted onto He‐Man rootstock supplied with an 85 : 15 and 70 : 30 NO3− : NH4+ ratio in nutrient solutions. The increased proportion of NH4+ in the 85 : 15 NO3− : NH4+ ratio generally reduced the B. tabaci pupal size for all rootstocks.
Grafting and N adjustment could represent useful tools for integrated greenhouse pest management.
Benchmarking clinical practice quality: an audit of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence in patients managed for T1/T2 breast carcinoma
Authors: Suttie Clare , Back Michael , Donovan Jennifer , Holecek Milan , Morgia Marita , Guo Lesley , Lamoury Gillian 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimBreast conserving surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy has equivalent oncological outcomes to mastectomy and is the standard of care for treatment of early‐stage invasive breast cancer. Auditing is an essential component of ongoing quality assurance and clinical governance. It also serves to identify patient and tumor factors that have prognostic and therapeutic implications. The aim of this paper is to report on the clinical audit of treatment outcomes for patients undergoing adjuvant radiation treatment for early breast cancer at the Northern Sydney Cancer Care Centre.MethodsA total of 1252 patients with T1/2 breast cancer received adjuvant radiation treatment between January 2003 and December 2010. Medical records, including the departmental database, were reviewed to extract pathological, treatment, patient and clinical details.ResultsMedian follow‐up was 54 months (mean 56.4 months). Sixty‐six (5.27%) patients died from breast cancer, and 27 (2.16%) patients died from other disease. Twenty‐three (1.84%) patients were alive with metastatic disease, 7 (0.56%) patients were alive following ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence and 7 (0.56%) patients were alive with nodal recurrence. 9 (0.72%) patients were alive with contralateral breast cancer. Documented rates of late toxicity were low: 6.8% of patients had grade 1 late toxicity and 1.6% of patients had grade 2–3 late toxicity.ConclusionOur ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence rate of 0.56% is well within international standards, as is our toxicity rate. We propose that centralized data collection be implemented on a nation‐wide level for breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. Further research is planned to identify potential markers of radio‐resistance, and allow tailoring of treatment technique to optimize oncological outcome.
Intrauterine administration of autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) activated by HCG improves the implantation and pregnancy rates in patients with repeated implantation failure: a prospective randomized study
Authors: Yu Nan , Zhang Bo , Xu Mei , Wang Sheng , Liu Rong , Wu Jianli , Yang Jing , Feng Ling 
Published: August 2016

ProblemIntrauterine administration of autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) activated by HCG in vitro was reported to improve implantation rates in patients with repeated failure of IVF‐ET (in vitro fertilization–embryo transfer). In this article, the value of intrauterine administration of PBMCs before embryo transfer and its optimal cell culture method will be investigated.Method of studyPatients who had not experienced successful pregnancy despite three or more IVF‐ET sessions were enrolled in this study (n=240, 240 cycles). PBMCs were obtained from patients themselves and were cultured with HCG for 24 hours. Twenty‐four hours later, PBMCs were then administered to the intrauterine cavity of that patient from the study group (n=93, 93 cycles). The control group (n=105, 105 cycles) underwent ET without intrauterine administration.ResultsClinical pregnancy rate, implantation rate, and miscarriage rate in the PBMC‐treated group (46.24% and 23.66%, n=43 and 22, respectively) were significantly higher than those in the non‐treated group (20.95% and 11.43%, P<.05; n=22 and 12, respectively).ConclusionThese findings indicate that intrauterine administration of autologous PBMC activated by HCG in vitro effectively improves embryo implantation in patients with three or more IVF failures.
Combination of 5% phenylephrine and 0.5% tropicamide eyedrops for pupil dilation in neonates is twice as effective as 0.5% tropicamide eyedrops alone
Authors: Lux Anne‐Laure , Degoumois Alice , Barjol Amandine , Mouriaux Frédéric , Denion Eric 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPurposeComparison of the efficacy of tropicamide eyedrops to the combination of 0.5% tropicamide and 5% phenylephrine eyedrops in order to achieve a proper dilation in premature infants undergoing screening for retinopathy of prematurity.MethodsA prospective, randomized, double‐blind study was conducted to compare the efficacy of two mydriatic regimens: one regimen consisting of three drops of 0.5% tropicamide (TTT regimen), the other regimen consisting of one drop of 5% phenylephrine and two drops of 0.5% tropicamide (PTT regimen). Thirty premature infants were enrolled and received both mydriatic regimens: one regimen in each eye. Outcomes were pupil dilation evaluated by the percentage of pupil diameter over cornea diameter, the percentage of pupil surface over cornea surface and the quality of the eye fundus examination.ResultsThe percentage of pupil diameter over cornea diameter was 47.3% (±8.7) with the TTT regimen and 65.9% (±8.8) with the PTT regimen (p < 0.0001). The percentage of pupil surface over cornea surface was 23.1% (±8.3) with the TTT regimen and 43.8% (±7.3) with the PTT regimen (p < 0.0001). Thus, the pupil surface area was 1.9 times greater with the PTT than with the TTT regimen. Visualization of the retinal periphery was possible for 30 of 30 eyes dilated with the PTT regimen and for 16 of 30 eyes dilated with the TTT regimen (p < 0.0001).ConclusionThe dilated pupil surface area for the combination of 5% phenylephrine and 0.5% tropicamide was almost twice that for 0.5% tropicamide eyedrops alone and provided significantly superior quality of the eye fundus examination.
Quotient of cerebrospinal fluid/serum immunoglobulin G as a predictive factor for non‐responders to intravenous methylprednisolone therapy in patients with relapsing neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: Implication for early initiation of plasmapheresis
Authors: Oji Satoru , Tanaka Satoru , Kojima Miki , Fukaura Hikoaki , Mori Masahiro , Takahashi Toshiyuki , Fujihara Kazuo , Nomura Kyoichi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to determine the predictive factors for the ineffectiveness of intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) that lead to earlier use of plasmapheresis in patients with relapsing neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.MethodsA total of 40 patients were investigated retrospectively. The responders were defined as patients who showed IVMP effectiveness within 7 days from IVMP initiation, indicated by an improvement in the Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) ≥0.5, whereas non‐responders were defined as those without such an improvement. We analyzed 10 clinical findings and four cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) parameters before IVMP, which included EDSS (baseline before relapse, before IVMP initiation, difference between them: ΔEDSS), CSF‐cells, CSF‐lactate dehydrogenase, CSF/serum quotient of albumin (Q‐ALB) and immunoglobulin G (Q‐IgG).ResultsThe 40 patients consisted of 22 responders and 18 non‐responders. The levels of ΔEDSS, EDSS before IVMP, CSF‐cells, CSF‐lactate dehydrogenase, Q‐ALB and Q‐IgG were significantly higher in non‐responders than in responders. Of these, univariate logistic regression analyses showed that the ΔEDSS, EDSS before IVMP, Q‐ALB and Q‐IgG were significantly related to IVMP ineffectiveness. Because of the significant correlation between ΔEDSS and EDSS before IVMP, and between Q‐ALB and Q‐IgG, the ΔEDSS and Q‐IgG were analyzed as dependent factors for IVMP ineffectiveness in multivariate analysis. The higher Q‐IgG level was found to be independently associated with ineffectiveness. The cut‐off level for Q‐IgG to discriminate non‐responders from responders was 4.7 (sensitivity 83, specificity 91%).ConclusionsQ‐IgG >4.7 before IVMP is a predictive factor for IVMP ineffectiveness. Early use of plasmapheresis should be considered in relapsing neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder with such high Q‐IgG values before IVMP.
Does general movements quality in term infants predict cerebral palsy and milder forms of limited mobility at 6 years?
Authors: van Iersel Patricia A M , Bakker Saskia C M , Jonker Arnold J H , Hadders‐Algra Mijna 
Published: August 2016

AimTo evaluate in term infants associations between quality of general movements and developmental outcome in term infants at 6 years with either cerebral palsy (CP) or limited mobility without CP.MethodParticipants of this prospective study were 145 term infants (86 male, 59 female). Their general movements quality was assessed at ‘writhing’ and ‘fidgety’ general movements age (3wks and 13wks post term). The assessment at 6 years consisted of a neurological examination, including assessment of minor neurological dysfunction (MND), evaluation of mobility with the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, and of behaviour and learning problems with questionnaires.ResultsDefinitely abnormal general movements at writhing age were not associated with CP, whereas definitely abnormal general movements at fidgety age were (sensitivity 60%; specificity 91%; positive predictive value 19%, negative predictive value 98%). In children without CP, general movements quality was not associated with limited mobility, but it was associated to a minor extent with MND.InterpretationIn term infants, definitely abnormal general movements at fidgety age do predict CP, but with lower accuracy than in preterm infants. General movements quality does not predict limited mobility in children without CP. The study supports suggestions that predictive value of general movements assessment in term infants is lower than that in preterm infants.
Membrane transporters as mediators of synaptic dopamine dynamics: implications for disease
Authors: Lohr Kelly M. , Masoud Shababa T. , Salahpour Ali , Miller Gary W. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDopamine was first identified as a neurotransmitter localized to the midbrain over 50 years ago. The dopamine transporter (DAT; SLC6A3) and the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2; SLC18A2) are regulators of dopamine homeostasis in the presynaptic neuron. DAT transports dopamine from the extracellular space into the cytosol of the presynaptic terminal. VMAT2 then packages this cytosolic dopamine into vesicular compartments for subsequent release upon neurotransmission. Thus, DAT and VMAT2 act in concert to move the transmitter efficiently throughout the neuron. Accumulation of dopamine in the neuronal cytosol can trigger oxidative stress and neurotoxicity, suggesting that the proper compartmentalization of dopamine is critical for neuron function and risk of disease. For decades, studies have examined the effects of reduced transporter function in mice (e.g. DAT‐KO, VMAT2‐KO, VMAT2‐deficient). However, we have only recently been able to assess the effects of elevated transporter expression using BAC transgenic methods (DAT‐tg, VMAT2‐HI mice). Complemented with in vitro work and neurochemical techniques to assess dopamine compartmentalization, a new focus on the importance of transporter proteins as both models of human disease and potential drug targets has emerged. Here, we review the importance of DAT and VMAT2 function in the delicate balance of neuronal dopamine.
Dopaminergic neurotransmission in ventral and dorsal striatum differentially modulates alcohol reinforcement
Authors: Spoelder Marcia , Hesseling Peter , Styles Matthew , Baars Annemarie M. , Lozeman‐van ‘t Klooster José G. , Lesscher Heidi M. B. , Vanderschuren Louk J. M. J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDopaminergic neurotransmission in the striatum has been widely implicated in the reinforcing properties of substances of abuse. However, the striatum is functionally heterogeneous, and previous work has mostly focused on psychostimulant drugs. Therefore, we investigated how dopamine within striatal subregions modulates alcohol‐directed behaviour in rats. We assessed the effects of infusion of the dopamine receptor antagonist alpha‐flupenthixol into the shell and core of the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) on responding for alcohol under fixed ratio 1 (FR1) and progressive ratio (PR) schedules of reinforcement. Bilateral infusion of alpha‐flupenthixol into the NAcc shell reduced responding for alcohol under both the FR1 (15 μg/side) and the PR schedule (3.75–15 μg/side) of reinforcement. Infusion of alpha‐flupenthixol into the NAcc core (7.5–15 μg/side) also decreased responding for alcohol under both schedules. By contrast, alpha‐flupenthixol infusion into the DLS did not affect FR1 responding, but reduced responding under the PR schedule (15 μg/side). The decreases in responding were related to earlier termination of responding during the session, whereas the onset and rate of responding remained largely unaffected. Together, these data suggest that dopamine in the NAcc shell is involved in the incentive motivation for alcohol, whereas DLS dopamine comes into play when obtaining alcohol requires high levels of effort. In contrast, NAcc core dopamine appears to play a more general role in alcohol reinforcement. In conclusion, dopaminergic neurotransmission acts in concert in subregions of the striatum to modulate different aspects of alcohol‐directed behaviour.
Effortful control as a dimension of temperament is negatively associated with prefrontal serotonin transporter availability in obese and non‐obese individuals
Authors: Zientek Franziska , Winter Karsten , Müller Astrid , Rullmann Michael , Luthardt Julia , Becker Georg‐Alexander , Bresch Anke , Patt Marianne , Sabri Osama , Hilbert Anja , Hesse Swen 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThere is evidence that temperamental factors are associated with obesity; however, the biological mechanism of such association remains elusive. We aimed to investigate a possible association between serotonin transmission and regulative temperament in obese and non‐obese individuals by using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of serotonin transporters (SERT) and the Adult Temperament Questionnaire. Twenty‐nine obese individuals with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 35 kg/m2 and 13 non‐obese controls (BMI < 30 kg/m2) underwent PET with [11C]‐labeled DASB (highly selective for SERT) and self‐completed the Effortful Control (EC) scale of the Adult Temperament Questionnaire‐Short Form (ATQ). With the help of this questionnaire, we aimed to assess the capacity of self‐regulation. Overall, for obese and non‐obese individuals together, VOI‐based (volume of interest) analysis showed significant negative correlations between SERT BPND and ATQ‐EC AC (Activation Control) subscale in several brain regions (all r ≤ −0.47). Obese and non‐obese individuals separated showed equally strong positive, but non‐significant correlations. The analysis did not reveal any significant correlations of SERT availability and ATQ‐EC IC (Inhibitory Control) or ATQ‐EC AtC (Attentional Control) subscale within and between the two groups. The results indicate that regulative temperament – particularly the capacity to mitigate negatively toned impulses and to resist inappropriate avoidance behavior – might be associated with the prefrontal serotonergic system.
Glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor in genetically defined fear‐induced aggression
Authors: Ilchibaeva Tatiana V. , Tsybko Anton S. , Kozhemyakina Rimma V. , Popova Nina K. , Naumenko Vladimir S. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractGlial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) plays an important role in maintenance of neuronal system throughout life. However, there is a lack of data on the involvement of GDNF in the regulation of different kinds of behavior. In this study, GDNF, its precursor (proGDNF) and GDNF mRNA levels were investigated in the brain of rats selectively bred for 85 generations for either high level or for the lack of affective aggressiveness toward human. It was found that GDNF mRNA level was decreased in the frontal cortex, increased in the raphe nuclei area of the midbrain of aggressive rats compared to tame animals and was not detected in the amygdala and hypothalamus. The level of proGDNF was reduced in the raphe nuclei area of the midbrain of highly aggressive rats and was not detected in the striatum, nucleus accumbens of investigated animals. Two forms of mature GDNF – monomer and dimer – were revealed. GDNF monomer level was increased in the raphe nuclei area, substantia nigra and amygdala of aggressive rats and it was not found in the frontal cortex and nucleus accumbens of investigated rats. Dimer GDNF level was found in all investigated brain structures. It was reduced in the hippocampus and increased in amygdala of highly aggressive rats. Thus, considerable structure‐specific differences in GDNF expression between highly aggressive and nonaggressive rats were shown. The data suggested the implication of both mature GDNF monomer and dimer as well as proGDNF in the mechanism underlying genetically defined aggressiveness.
A Caenorhabditis elegans model to study dopamine transporter deficiency syndrome
Authors: Illiano Placido , Lanzo Ambra , Leo Damiana , Paglione Maria , Zampi Giuseppina , Gainetdinov Raul R. , Di Schiavi Elia 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDopamine transporter deficiency syndrome (DTDS) is a novel autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the dopamine transporter (DAT), which leads to the partial or total loss of function of the protein. DTDS is a pharmacoresistant syndrome and very little is known about its neurobiology, in part due to the lack of relevant animal models. The objective of this study was to establish the first animal model for DTDS with strong construct validity, using Caenorhabditis elegans, and to investigate the in vivo role played by DTDS‐related mutations found in human DAT (hDAT). We took advantage of a C. elegans knockout for the hDAT orthologue, cedat‐1, to obtain genetically humanized animals bearing hDAT, in the wild type and in two mutated forms (399delG and 941C>T), in a null background. In C. elegans transgenic animals expressing the human wild‐type form, we observed a rescue of the knockout phenotype, as assessed using two well‐established paradigms, known to be regulated by the endogenous uptake of dopamine or 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) by DAT. The less severe mutation (941C>T) was able to partially rescue only one of the knockout phenotypes, whereas the 399delG mutation impaired DAT function in both phenotypic paradigms. Our in vivo phenotypic findings demonstrate a functional conservation between human and nematode DAT and validate previous in vitro indications of the loss of function of hDAT in carriers of DTDS‐related mutations. Taken together, these observations establish C. elegans as a novel animal model for fast and inexpensive screening of hDAT mutations in functional and in vivo tests.
Surgical treatment of a large congenital cavernous haemangioma on the thorax of a foal
Authors: Jacobsen S. , Christophersen M. T. , Tnibar A. , Jensen H. E. , Agerholm J. S. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryA 3‐day‐old male foal was presented with a fluctuant 25 × 15 cm mass on the thorax. The mass had increased in size since birth. The mass did not respond to conservative treatment consisting of aspiration of serohaemorrhagic contents and compression bandages, and it was therefore surgically removed when the foal was approximately 2½ weeks. A histopathological diagnosis of cavernous haemangioma was made. Healing progressed without complications despite a large surgical wound left to heal by second intention. Recurrence was not observed during the 1.5‐year follow‐up period.