bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gas‐Phase Oxidation of Methyl‐10‐undecenoate in a Jet‐Stirred Reactor
Authors: Meng Xiangzan , Herbinet Olivier , Coniglio Lucie , Wang Tianyou , Battin‐Leclerc Frédérique 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTTo better understand the chemistry of biodiesel surrogates, the gas‐phase oxidation of a C12 unsaturated methyl ester, methyl‐10‐undecenoate, has been studied in a jet‐stirred reactor in the temperature range 500–1100 K. These experiments were performed using neat fuel synthesized in the laboratory, with an initial fuel mole fraction set as 0.0021, at quasi‐atmospheric pressure (1.07 bar), at a residence time of 1.5 s with dilute mixtures in helium of equivalence ratios of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0. The maximum obtained conversion was shown to be more than twice lower than that of methyl decanoate under the same conditions. This difference cannot be reproduced by the only published model for an unsaturated ester with a close number of carbon atoms (methyl‐9‐decenoate). A large range of products was quantified in addition to common oxidation products: saturated and unsaturated aldehydes, saturated and unsaturated methyl esters with a second carbonyl function, C2–C10 alkenes, C4–C10 dienes, C4–C10 unsaturated methyl esters, C8–C9 saturated methyl esters, and saturated, unsaturated, and hydroxyl methyl esters involving a cyclic ether. Pathways of formation for the products specific to unsaturated ester oxidation were proposed, and possible model improvements were discussed.
Sequential chimeric medial femoral condyle and anterolateral thigh flow‐through flaps for one‐stage reconstructions of composite bone and soft tissue defects: Report of three cases
Authors: Henn Dominic , Abouarab Mohamed H. , Hirche Christoph , Hernekamp Jochen F. , Schmidt Volker J. , Kneser Ulrich , Kremer Thomas 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSmall recalcitrant non‐unions with poor perfusion require reconstruction with vascularized bone flaps. Cases with concomitant large soft tissue defects are especially challenging, since vascularized soft tissue transfer is often indicated and distant microvascular anastomoses may be required. We introduce a sequential chimeric free flap composed of a medial femoral condyle corticoperiosteal flap anastomosed to an anterolateral thigh flow‐through flap (MFC‐ALT flap) and report its use for reconstruction of small non‐unions with concomitant large soft tissue defects in three exemplary patients. Two female and one male patients ages 39–58 years suffered from composite bone and soft tissue defects of the lower extremity and clavicle caused by tumor resection and postoperative radiation resp. infected tibial pilon fracture. The sizes of the soft tissue defects ranged from 15–23 × 4.5–6 cm and the sizes of the bone defects ranged from 1.5–4 × 2–4 cm. Defect reconstructions were performed in all cases with sequential chimeric MFC‐ALT flaps with sizes ranging from 2–4 × 1.6–4 cm for the MFC and 21–23 × 7–8 cm for the ALT skin paddles. Functional reconstructions were achieved in all cases resulting in stable unions and soft tissue coverage enabling the patients to bear full weight without assistance on 5‐months follow‐up. Postoperative course was uneventful and complications were restricted to a small skin necrosis at the suture line in one case. MFC‐ALT flaps may be a safe, and effective procedure for one‐stage reconstructions of small, irregularly shaped bone defects with concomitant large soft tissue loss or surrounding instable scarring, particularly in cases of recalcitrant non‐unions after radiation exposure.
A novel 3D‐printed phantom insert for 4D PET/CT imaging and simultaneous integrated boost radiotherapy
Authors: Cerviño Laura , Soultan Dima , Cornell Mariel , Yock Adam , Pettersson Niclas , Song William Y. , Aguilera Joseph , Advani Sunil , Murphy James , Hoh Carl , James Claude , Paravati Anthony , Coope Robin , Gill Bradford , Moiseenko Vitali 
Published: August 2017

PurposeTo construct a 3D‐printed phantom insert designed to mimic the variable PET tracer uptake seen in lung tumor volumes and a matching dosimetric insert to be used in simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) phantom studies, and to evaluate the design through end‐to‐end tests.MethodsA set of phantom inserts was designed and manufactured for a realistic representation of gated radiotherapy steps from 4D PET/CT scanning to dose delivery. A cylindrical phantom (φ80 × 120 mm) holds inserts for PET/CT scanning. The novel 3D printed insert dedicated to 4D PET/CT mimics high PET tracer uptake in the core and low uptake in the periphery. This insert is a variable density porous cylinder (φ44.5 × 70.0 mm), ABS‐P430 thermoplastic, 3D printed by fused deposition modeling an inner (φ11 × 42 mm) cylindrical void. The square pores (1.8 × 1.8 mm2 each) fill 50% of outer volume, resulting in a 2:1 PET tracer concentration ratio in the void volume with respect to porous volume. A matching cylindrical phantom insert is dedicated to validate gated radiotherapy. It contains eight peripheral holes and one central hole, matching the location of the porous part and the void part of the 3D printed insert, respectively. These holes accommodate adaptors for Farmer‐type ion chamber and cells vials. End‐to‐end tests were designed for imaging, planning, and dose measurements.ResultsEnd‐to‐end test were performed from 4D PET/CT scanning to transferring data to the planning system, target volume delineation, and dose measurements. 4D PET/CT scans were acquired of the phantom at different respiratory motion patterns and gating windows. A measured 2:1 18F‐FDG concentration ratio between inner void and outer porous volume matched the 3D printed design. Measured dose in the dosimetric insert agreed well with planned dose on the imaging insert, within 3% for the static phantom and within 5% for most breathing patterns.ConclusionsThe novel 3D printed phantom insert mimics variable PET tracer uptake typical of tumors. Obtained 4D PET/CT scans are suitable for segmentation and treatment planning and delivery in SIB gated treatments. Our experiments demonstrate the feasibility of this set of phantom inserts serving as end‐to‐end quality‐assurance phantoms of SIB radiotherapy.
Are nomograms based on free uroflows helpful to evaluate urethral obstruction in men?
Authors: Valentini Françoise A. , Rosier Peter F. W. M. , Nelson Pierre P. 
Published: August 2017

AimsIt was demonstrated earlier that reduced maximum flow‐rate (Qmax) during intubated flow (IF) in women may be the consequence of a urethral reflex. Over‐estimation of outflow obstruction is the consequence. Our hypothesis, that a similar phenomenon could occur in men, is tested using results of a free uroflow (FF) preceding an IF to eventually correct the Abrams‐Griffiths (AG) number.MethodsRetrospectively, analysis of 441 urodynamic studies of men suspected of bladder outflow obstruction (BOO) was performed. The Valentini‐Besson‐Nelson model links outflow obstruction (parameter pucp) and the detrusor contractility (parameter k) to Qmax and detrusor pressure at Qmax (pdet.Qmax). AG and pucp are strongly correlated. Contractility is described by a graphical representation (a nomogram) which numerical fitting is an algebraic equation f(Qmax,pdet.Qmax). Nomograms based on IF allowed computing a calculated AG (corr‐AG) on the basis of free flow.ResultsIncluded files (N = 362) had filling volume during FF > 90 mL; corr‐AG was compared to AG. When Qmax.FF > 1.5*Qmax.IF (N = 114), 61 patients (53.5%) were found less obstructed with corr‐AG, no one more obstructed. Increased BOO could be the result of a urethral reflex during IF and AG gave an overestimation. When Qmax.FF < 1.5*Qmax.IF (N = 248), only 39 patients (12.1%) were found less obstructed with corr‐AG and 28 (11.3%) more obstructed.ConclusionTo obtain a reliable evaluation of BOO in men, it is suitable to perform a FF before IF. A corrected AG (corr‐AG) obtained from IF analysis and nomograms based on FF may be helpful for evaluation of BOO in men.
Stress‐Related Changes in Body Form: Results from the Whitehall II Study
Authors: Kubera Britta , Leonhard Claudine , Rößler Andreas , Peters Achim 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveStress is associated with body mass gain in some people but with body mass loss in others. When the stressor persists, some people adapt with their stress responses, whereas others do not. Heart rate variability (HRV) reflects autonomic variability and is related to stress responses to psychosocial challenges. It was hypothesized that the combined effects of stress exposure and autonomic variability predict long‐term changes in body form.MethodsData of 1,369 men and 612 women from the Whitehall II cohort were analyzed. BMI, hip‐to‐height ratio, and waist‐to‐height ratio were measured at three time points over a 10‐year period. HRV and psychological distress (General Health Questionnaire) were assessed.ResultsMen with high psychological distress were at risk of developing an increased waist‐to‐height ratio (F = 3.4, P = 0.038). Men with high psychological distress and low HRV were prone to develop an increased body mass and hip‐to‐height ratio (psychological distress: F = 4.3, P = 0.016; HRV: F = 5.0, P = 0.008). Statistical trends showed that women displayed similar patterns of stress‐related changes in body form (P = 0.061; P = 0.063).ConclusionsAssessing psychological distress and autonomic variability predicts changes in body form. Psychological distress was found to be associated with an increased risk of developing the wide‐waisted phenotype, while psychological distress combined with low autonomic variability was associated with an increased risk of developing the corpulent phenotype.
Do Higher Minimum Wages Benefit Health? Evidence From the UK
Authors: Lenhart Otto 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis study examines the link between minimum wages and health outcomes by using the introduction of the National Minimum Wage (NMW) in the United Kingdom in 1999 as an exogenous variation of earned income. A test for health effects by using longitudinal data from the British Household Panel Survey for a period of ten years was conducted. It was found that the NMW significantly improved several measures of health, including self‐reported health status and the presence of health conditions. When examining potential mechanisms, it was shown that changes in health behaviors, leisure expenditures, and financial stress can explain the observed improvements in health.
A case of neuroblastoma in DICER1 syndrome: Chance finding or noncanonical causation?
Authors: Saskin Avi , de Kock Leanne , Sabbaghian Nelly , Apellaniz‐Ruiz Maria , Bozkurt Ceyhun , Bouron‐Dal Soglio Dorothée , Foulkes William D. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDICER1 syndrome is an inherited disorder associated with at least a dozen rare, mainly pediatric‐onset tumors. Its characterization remains incomplete. Some studies suggested that neuroblastoma (NB) may be involved in this syndrome. Here, we describe the case of a 14‐year‐old female presenting with a multinodular goiter (MNG) and a collision tumor composed of NB and cystic nephroma (CN). She is a carrier of a deleterious germline mutation in exon 23 of DICER1 and harbored different somatic mutations in the CN and MNG. However, no second hit was found in the NB, questioning its status as a DICER1‐related tumor.
Monitoring of plexiform neurofibroma in children and adolescents with neurofibromatosis type 1 by [18F]FDG‐PET imaging. Is it of value in asymptomatic patients?
Authors: Azizi Amedeo A. , Slavc Irene , Theisen Benjamin Emile , Rausch Ivo , Weber Michael , Happak Wolfgang , Aszmann Oskar , Hojreh Azadeh , Peyrl Andreas , Amann Gabriele , Benkoe Thomas M. , Wadsak Wolfgang , Kasprian Gregor , Staudenherz Anton , Hacker Marcus , Traub‐Weidinger Tatjana 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPurposeAbout 10% of patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF‐1) develop malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (MPNST) mostly arising in plexiform neurofibroma (PN); 15% of MPNST arise in children and adolescents. 2‐[18F]fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose ([18F]FDG)‐PET (where PET is positron emission tomography) is a sensitive method in differentiating PN and MPNST in symptomatic patients with NF‐1. This study assesses the value of [18F]FDG‐PET imaging in detecting malignant transformation in symptomatic and asymptomatic children with PN.MethodsForty‐one patients with NF‐1 and extensive PN underwent prospective [18F]FDG imaging from 2003 to 2014. Thirty‐two of the patients were asymptomatic. PET data, together with histological results and clinical course were re‐evaluated retrospectively. Maximum standardised uptake values (SUVmax) and lesion‐to‐liver ratio were assessed.ResultsA total of 104 examinations were performed. Mean age at first PET was 13.5 years (2.6–22.6). Eight patients had at least one malignant lesion; four of these patients were asymptomatic. Two of four symptomatic patients died, while all patients with asymptomatic malignant lesions are alive. All malignant tumours could be identified by PET imaging in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. All lesions judged as benign by [18F]FDG imaging and clinical judgment were either histologically benign if removed or remained clinically silent during follow‐up. SUVmax of malignant and benign lesions overlapped, but no malignant lesion showed FDG uptake ≤3.15. Asymptomatic malignant lesions were detected with a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100% and a specificity of 45.1%.ConclusionMalignant transformation of PN also occurs in asymptomatic children and adolescents. Detection of MPNST at early stages could increase the possibility of oncologically curative resections.
Patterns of abuse and routes of administration for immediate‐release hydrocodone combination products
Authors: Cassidy Theresa A. , Oyedele Natasha , Mickle Travis C. , Guenther Sven , Budman Simon H. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPurposePrescriptions for hydrocodone immediate‐release (IR) combination products have recently decreased, yet they represent the majority of opioid prescriptions dispensed and are commonly abused analgesics among both adults and adolescents. Little data exist to understand the contribution of IR products to the problem of prescription opioid abuse. This study aimed to better understand abuse patterns for hydrocodone IR combination products among adult and adolescent substance abusers.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study examines abuse prevalence (including abuse adjusted for prescription volume and morphine milligram equivalents) and abuse characteristics for hydrocodone IR combination products and other prescription opioids among separate samples of adults and adolescents assessed for substance abuse problems or entering treatment from January 2012 through June 2015.ResultsResults indicate higher abuse for hydrocodone IR combination products than other opioid categories per 100 assessments but lower per prescriptions dispensed. Hydrocodone IR combination products had similar abuse prevalence to all extended‐release and long‐acting opioids when considering abuse measured per morphine milligram equivalents dispensed. An upward trend in hydrocodone IR combination product abuse was observed among adult substance abusers comparing the period prior to and after Drug Enforcement Administration rescheduling of these products in October 2014. Most individuals reported oral abuse of hydrocodone IR combination products, but snorting, reported by 23% of hydrocodone IR combination product abusers, also appears to be a route of abuse that may have public health relevance.ConclusionsGiven their high prescription volume, hydrocodone IR combination products, even at a relatively low prevalence of abuse, may contribute substantially to the overall problem of prescription opioid abuse. Additional public health interventions, including development of abuse‐deterrent formulations for these types of opioid products may aid in reducing their abuse.
A Simple Theoretical Method for Determining the Sensitivity of Bare Explosives to Detonation by Projectile Impact
Authors: Lee Peter R. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe Walker‐Wasley Critical Initiation Energy, Ec, cited by several authors as a means of comparing the sensitivity of explosives to projectile impact, is imprecise. Moreover, energy is not a necessary and sufficient condition upon which to compare sensitivities, since it might be delivered over picoseconds or years with vastly different results. Shock to detonation initiation conditions are conventionally represented by log−log relationships in Pop Plots. Historical experimental flat‐fronted projectile attack data for two explosives, PBX 9404 and Tetryl were transformed using Hugoniot data into log−log form like Pop Plots. Consistent with recent research at LASL and LLNL in the US, near coincidence between such plots and Pop Plots was demonstrated. This procedure led to a method of comparing the sensitivities of these and four other explosives, two types of Composition B, TNT and Nitroguanidine/Estane (95/5), to shock initiation by projectile impact. A slight modification of this procedure can be used to generate critical projectile velocity vs. diameter curves from Hugoniot and Pop Plot data which confirm the experimental data for PBX 9404 and Tetryl. An alternative comparative sensitivity criterion to that of Walker and Wasley that is derived from Pop Plot data is proposed based on the critical power per unit mass of explosive transmitted from the initiating shock.
Xplor‐NIH for molecular structure determination from NMR and other data sources
Authors: Schwieters Charles D. , Bermejo Guillermo A. , Clore G. Marius 
Published: August 2017

AbstractXplor‐NIH is a popular software package for biomolecular structure determination from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and other data sources. Here, some of Xplor‐NIH's most useful data‐associated energy terms are reviewed, including newer alternative options for using residual dipolar coupling data in structure calculations. Further, we discuss new developments in the implementation of strict symmetry for the calculation of symmetric homo‐oligomers, and in the representation of the system as an ensemble of structures to account for motional effects. Finally, the different available force fields are presented, among other Xplor‐NIH capabilities.
Nussbaum function–based universal cooperative output regulation design for uncertain nonlinear multiagent systems
Authors: Guo Meichen , Xu Dabo , Liu Lu 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThis paper presents a Nussbaum function–based universal cooperative output regulation design for a class of nonlinear multiagent systems with both an unknown exosystem and nonidentical unknown control directions. The major challenges include the nonidentical unknown control directions in a directed communication graph and the concurrence of the unknown parameters in both the plant and the exosystem. To handle the nonidentical unknown control directions, we propose a dynamic compensator–based distributed controller such that the Nussbaum gain technique can be successfully implemented under directed communication graphs. Moreover, to deal with the unknown exosystem, we integrate the distributed controller with a novel internal model candidate. The resulting distributed controller is a universal regulator in the sense that it does not require the unknown parameters to be in known compact sets. Furthermore, the proposed controller is more flexible compared with those in the existing works as any existing Nussbaum gains can be adopted in the controller design and the adopted Nussbaum gains can be nonidentical for each agent.
Leader‐based community detection algorithm for social networks
Authors: Helal Nivin A. , Ismail Rasha M. , Badr Nagwa L. , Mostafa Mostafa G. M. 
Published: August 2017

Community detection has become a crucial task in social network mining. Detecting communities summarizes interactions between members for gaining deep understanding of interesting characteristics shared between members of the same community. In this research, we propose a novel community detection algorithm for the purpose of revealing and analyzing hidden similar behavior of online users. The proposed algorithm is based mainly on similar members’ actions rather than the structure similarity only for the aim of detecting communities that are closely mapped to the underlying behavioral communities in real social networks. First, leaders of the social network are discovered, then, communities are detected based on those leaders. The idea is grounded on the assumption that communities could be formed around people with great influence. Extensive experiments and analysis show the ability of the proposed algorithm to successfully detect real‐world communities with improved accuracy. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2017, 7:e1213. doi: 10.1002/widm.1213This article is categorized under:

Technologies > Structure Discovery and Clustering
Relationships between abundances of breeding ducks and attributes of Canadian prairie wetlands
Authors: Bartzen Blake , Dufour Kevin W. , Bidwell Mark T. , Watmough Michael D. , Clark Robert G. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTUnderstanding how animals respond to changing habitat conditions can improve predictions about effects of environmental change and also inform conservation planning. We examined relationships between abundances of 5 common dabbling duck species breeding in the Canadian Prairie Pothole Region and basic wetland metrics. Pond area was a well‐supported predictor of duck abundance at the local scale of pond. Relationships for all 5 species varied with their respective regional duck and pond densities. In regions where duck densities were high, there were more ducks per pond; conversely, there were fewer ducks per pond in regions where pond densities were high, indicating that mechanisms influencing local habitat use were, in part, mediated by processes occurring at larger spatial scales. Although models explained small amounts of variation of duck abundance on a per pond basis, these models explained more variation when results were aggregated to the level of survey segment, indicating reasonable performance of models for estimating duck abundance over specific areas with known pond areas. Our results also indicated that the greatest increase in duck abundance with increasing pond size occurs at the low end of the range of pond sizes. It is relatively small wetlands that face the greatest threat of loss and degradation on the prairies; therefore, protection and conservation efforts need to focus on these wetlands if the objective is to increase or maintain populations of the duck species studied. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Ultrasound rays in droplets: the role of viscosity and caustics in acoustic streaming
Authors: Bruus Henrik 
Published: August 2017

When an acoustic wave propagates through a viscous fluid, it progressively transfers momentum to the fluid through viscous dissipation, which results in the formation of a steady vortical flow called acoustic streaming. Although spawned by viscous effects, the magnitude of the streaming does not depend on the viscosity in most simple geometries. However, viscosity has a profound influence on the acoustic streaming as demonstrated by Riaud et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 821, 2017, pp. 384–420) in their study of sessile mm-sized water–glycerol droplets placed on a piezoelectric substrate with a 20-MHz ultrasound surface acoustic wave propagating along its surface. A detailed experimental and numerical analysis reveals that streaming dynamics is driven by a few ultrasound ray caustics inside the droplet.