bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MFIs Lending and Poverty Reduction
Authors: Reddy Vaddula V. Krishna 
Published: July 2016

<em>The paper aims to study the impact of the Microfinance lending in India as a powerful instrument for poverty Reduction. </em><em> Social businesses like microfinance, due to their sensitive client base, need to walk a fine line to balance their commercial interests with the social and moral expectations of a wide variety of stakeholders. This study attempted to investigate the effects of MFIs on poverty reduction. It intended to cover credit facilities provided by the MFI and clients perception on income improvement and/or reduced poverty levels. The study found that there is an impact of Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs) lending on income levels of beneficiaries and poverty reduction.</em>
An Investigation of Low Volatility Anomaly in Indian Stock Market
Authors: Pandey Sitaram , Samanta Amitava 
Published: July 2016

<div><p><em>The objective of this paper is to investigate the presence of low volatility anomaly in Indian stock Market. Anomaly occurs due to the deviation in normal behavior of stocks with respect to risk-return relationship as suggested by CAPM theory. The low volatility anomaly means that portfolio of low volatility stocks provides better returns than the portfolio of high volatility stocks. The anomaly under study is one of the most common technical anomalies detected in various International markets but very few studies are there in Indian context. CAPM theory suggest that there is direct relationship between risk &amp; return but various empirical studies finds that portfolio of low volatility stocks outperforms portfolio of high volatility stocks. In this study, returns of volatility sorted portfolios are used to analyze the low volatility anomaly. The study uses constituent stocks of S&amp;P CNX 100 index of NSE. The data is taken from period January 2001 to December 2014. The results of this study did not found any significant low volatility anomaly in India rather results are supporting the CAPM model and thus found that high volatility quintile gives high returns in India and vice-versa.</em></p></div>
Pengaruh Inokulasi Lactobacillus plantarum dan Saccharomyces cerevisiae terhadap Fermentasi dan Kecernaan In Vitro Silase Kulit Buah Kakao
Authors: Zakariah Muhammad Askari , Utomo Ristianto , Bachruddin Zaenal 
Published: July 2016

The objective of this study was to identify the effect of L. plantarum and S. cerevisiae mixed culture inoculation into cocoa pods silage on chemical composition and in vitro digestibility. The four treatments were: 1 kg freshly harvested cocoa pods without inoculants as control (K); K + L. plantarum (KLp); K + S. cerevisiae (KSc); and K + L. plantarum and S. cerevisiae mixture (KLp+Sc) 0.1% dry matter, Cassava meal were added in all treatments. Each treatment was replicated 3 times, and then fermented for 21 days. Parameters observed in current study were gas test production, ruminal fermentation parameter, and in vitro digestibility. The collected data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and followed by Duncan’s new Multiple Range Test for data with significant differences. Result showed that the mixed culture Lp+Sc inoculation increased (P<0.05) chemical quality of cocoa pods by reducing fibre fraction and increase NFE contents, increased degradation rate, degradation theory, reduced rumen pH, and propionate acid production, without affecting acetate to propionate ratio, microbial protein synthesis, and digestibility of cocoa pod silage.
Are There Clinical Implications of Racial Differences in HbA1c? Yes, to Not Consider Can Do Great Harm!
Authors: Herman William H. 
Published: July 2016

Studies that have compared HbA1c levels by race have consistently demonstrated higher HbA1c levels in African Americans than in whites. These racial differences in HbA1c have not been explained by measured differences in glycemia, sociodemographic factors, clinical factors, access to care, or quality of care. Recently, a number of nonglycemic factors and several genetic polymorphisms that operate through nonglycemic mechanisms have been associated with HbA1c. Their distributions across racial groups and their impact on hemoglobin glycation need to be systematically explored. Thus, on the basis of evidence for racial differences in HbA1c, current clinical guidelines from the American Diabetes Association state: “It is important to take…race/ethnicity…into consideration when using the A1C to diagnose diabetes.” However, it is not clear from the guidelines how this recommendation might be actualized. So, the critical question is not whether racial differences in HbA1c exist between African Americans and whites; the important question is whether the observed differences in HbA1c level are clinically meaningful. Therefore, given the current controversy, we provide a Point-Counterpoint debate on this issue. In the point narrative below, Dr. Herman provides his argument that the failure to acknowledge that HbA1c might be a biased measure of average glycemia and an unwillingness to rigorously investigate this hypothesis will slow scientific progress and has the potential to do great harm. In the counterpoint narrative that follows Dr. Herman’s contribution, Dr. Selvin argues that there is no compelling evidence for racial differences in the validity of HbA1c as a measure of hyperglycemia and that race is a poor surrogate for differences in underlying causes of disease risk.
—William T. Cefalu
Editor in Chief, Diabetes Care
Treatment of Fluorosis Spots Using a Resin Infiltration Technique: 14-month Follow-up
Authors: Cocco AR , Lund RG , Torre EdN , Martos J 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARY
The aim of this study was to report a clinical case of moderate fluorosis spots treated with infiltration of low-viscosity resin. A commercial resin was applied to the facial surfaces on the anterior teeth in both the maxillary and mandibular arches. The white spots of fluorosis lost their whitish appearance and appeared similar to sound enamel. This technique, which might constitute an alternative to white-masking of fluorosis spots, showed optimal esthetic results.
Bacteriological Evaluation of Tonsillar Surface and Tonsillar Core Micro Flora in Patients Undergoing Tonsillectomy
Authors: Manandhar S , Bhandary S , Chhetri S T , Khanal B , Shah S P , Sah B P , Paudel D 
Published: July 2016

Background: Acute tonsillitis is the most common disease for the ENT surgeons. Effective treatment of the tonsillitis depends on knowledge of the infecting organism but there is always a dilemma whether the antibiotics prescribed for the tonsillitis is sufficient for the different organisms in the surface and core of the tonsils.Objective: To study the microorganism on the surface and in the core of the tonsil among the patients undergoing tonsillectomy and to correlate clinical profile of the patients with various microorganisms isolated.Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted on fifty patients’ age ranging from 3 years to 45 years. The swabs obtained from the surface of the tonsil prior to tonsillectomy and core of the tonsil post tonsillectomy were sent for isolation of micro organism and microbial susceptibility technique by standard microbial method.Results: The common age group for tonsillitis was below 15 years (n= 26) and having male predominance and more common in patients from hilly region. The commonest indication for tonsillectomy was recurrent tonsillitis (n=47). There was 82% similarity in microorganisms isolated from the surface and core of the culture. Conclusion: This study highlights that the culture from the surface of the tonsil reflects the organism in the core. Staphylococcus aureus was the commonest isolated organism in the surface and core of the tonsil.Health Renaissance 2014;12(3): 149-153
Nepalese Trekking Guides: A Quantitative Study of Sexual Health Knowledge & Sexual Behaviour
Authors: Simkhada Padam , Teijlingen E Van , Regmi P , Bhatta P , Ingham R , Stone N 
Published: July 2016

Background: Tourism, a global industry, brings with it a number of public health problems, one of which is the spread of sexually transmitted infections transmitted between travellers and hosts. Previous studies have largely focused on sex workers and sex tourists.Objective: To assesses sexual behaviour, knowledge and condom use among male trekking guides in Nepal.Methods: A self-administered questionnaire survey (n=324) was conducted using snowball sampling amongst men working as mountain trekking guides in Nepal. Results: Most respondents (59%) had initiated sex before the age of 18. Most (84 %) reported sexual relations with a woman other than their partner, 46% reported foreign partners, 43% had Nepalese partners, and 28% had concurrent foreign and Nepalese partners. Most (70 %) reported ever having sex with a foreign woman and two-thirds had had sexual intercourse with foreign women in the previous 12 months. Participants’ age, education status, age of first sex, smoking and drinking habits and English proficiency were significant predictors of having sex with foreign women. About 60% reported condom use during their most recent occasion of extra-martial sex. A similar proportion had used a condom during last sexual intercourse with a foreign woman. The likelihood of condom use was associated with a guide’s age, educational level, ethnicity, age of first sex and work experience.Conclusions: Most trekking guides reported sexual relations with foreign women as well as irregular use of condoms. Although sexual health knowledge about among trekking guides is high, some misconceptions still result in unsafe sex. Hence there is an urgent need to revise the existing training for trekking guides and implement appropriate health promotion programmes.Health Renaissance 2014;12(3): 180-189
Laparoscopic rectopexy for rectal prolapse
Authors: Shakya Vikal Chandra 
Published: July 2016

Introduction: Rectal prolapse surgery has been considered advanced laparoscopic surgery; hence it has mostly been performed by open surgery. However, with advancement, laparoscopic rectopexy can be feasible in patients with rectal prolapse.Materials and Methods: This study was done in patients presenting to Surgery Department of Civil Service Hospital who underwent laparoscopic rectopexy from January 2013 to November 2015Results: There were 8 patients (4 females and 4 males). The mean operative time was 160+49 minutes. The mean postoperative stay was 3+1.21 days. There was no conversion. One child underwent suture rectopexy, whereas adults underwent posterior mesh rectopexy. No patients needed blood transfusion. Postoperatively one patient has constipation, and she needed occasional laxatives. Conclusion: Laparoscopic rectopexy is a minimally invasive advanced procedure with all the advantages of laparoscopy. With further experience operative time could be reduced.
MAD ADAPTIVE OPTICS IMAGING OF HIGH-LUMINOSITY QUASARS: A PILOT PROJECT
Authors: Liuzzo E. , Falomo R. , Paiano S. , Treves A. , Uslenghi M. , Arcidiacono C. , Baruffolo A. , Diolaiti E. , Farinato J. , Lombini M. , Moretti A. , Ragazzoni R. , Brast R. , Donaldson R. , Kolb J. , Marchetti E. , Tordo S. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
We present near-IR images of five luminous quasars at z ∼ 2 and one at z ∼ 4 obtained with an experimental adaptive optics (AO) instrument at the European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope. The observations are part of a program aimed at demonstrating the capabilities of multi-conjugated adaptive optics imaging combined with the use of natural guide stars for high spatial resolution studies on large telescopes. The observations were mostly obtained under poor seeing conditions but in two cases. In spite of these nonoptimal conditions, the resulting images of point sources have cores of FWHM ∼ 0.2 arcsec. We are able to characterize the host galaxy properties for two sources and set stringent upper limits to the galaxy luminosity for the others. We also report on the expected capabilities for investigating the host galaxies of distant quasars with AO systems coupled with future Extremely Large Telescopes. Detailed simulations show that it will be possible to characterize compact (2–3 kpc) quasar host galaxies for quasi-stellar objects at z = 2 with nucleus K-magnitude spanning from 15 to 20 (corresponding to absolute magnitude −31 to −26) and host galaxies that are 4 mag fainter than their nuclei.
CAPTURE OF TRANS-NEPTUNIAN PLANETESIMALS IN THE MAIN ASTEROID BELT
Authors: Vokrouhlický David , Bottke William F. , Nesvorný David 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
The orbital evolution of the giant planets after nebular gas was eliminated from the Solar System but before the planets reached their final configuration was driven by interactions with a vast sea of leftover planetesimals. Several variants of planetary migration with this kind of system architecture have been proposed. Here, we focus on a highly successful case, which assumes that there were once five planets in the outer Solar System in a stable configuration: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and a Neptune-like body. Beyond these planets existed a primordial disk containing thousands of Pluto-sized bodies, ∼50 million D > 100 km bodies, and a multitude of smaller bodies. This system eventually went through a dynamical instability that scattered the planetesimals and allowed the planets to encounter one another. The extra Neptune-like body was ejected via a Jupiter encounter, but not before it helped to populate stable niches with disk planetesimals across the Solar System. Here, we investigate how interactions between the fifth giant planet, Jupiter, and disk planetesimals helped to capture disk planetesimals into both the asteroid belt and first-order mean-motion resonances with Jupiter. Using numerical simulations, we find that our model produces the right proportion of P- and D-type asteroids in the inner, central, and outer main belt, while also populating the Hilda and Thule regions in Jupiter’s 3/2 and 4/3 resonances. Moreover, the largest observed P/D types in each sub-population are an excellent fit to our captured population results (within uncertainties). The model produces a factor of ∼10 overabundance of diameter D > 10 km P/D types in the main belt, but this mismatch can likely be explained by various removal mechanisms (e.g., collision evolution over 4 Gyr, dynamical losses via Yarkovsky thermal forces over 4 Gyr, thermal destruction of the planetesimals en route to the inner solar system). Overall, our instability model provides a more satisfying match to constraints than that of Levison et al., and it provides us with strong supporting evidence that the five giant planet instability model is reasonable. Our results lead us to predict that D-type asteroids found in the near-Earth object population on low delta-V orbits with Earth are the surviving relics from the same source population that now make up the Kuiper Belt, the irregular satellites, and the Jupiter Trojans. The singular Tagish Lake meteorite, a primitive sample unlike other carbonaceous chondrite meteorites, is likely a fragment from a D-type asteroid implanted into the inner main belt. This would effectively make it the first known hand sample with the same composition as Kuiper Belt objects.
THE CLOSE COMPANION MASS-RATIO DISTRIBUTION OF INTERMEDIATE-MASS STARS
Authors: Gullikson Kevin , Kraus Adam , Dodson-Robinson Sarah 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Binary stars and higher-order multiple systems are a ubiquitous outcome of star formation, especially as the system mass increases. The companion mass-ratio distribution is a unique probe into the conditions of the collapsing cloud core and circumstellar disk(s) of the binary fragments. Inside

the disks from the two forming stars can interact, and additionally companions can form directly through disk fragmentation. We should, therefore, expect the mass-ratio distribution of close companions (

AU) to differ from that of wide companions. This prediction is difficult to test using traditional methods, in particular, with intermediate-mass primary stars, for a variety of observational reasons. We present the results of a survey searching for companions to A- and B-type stars using the direct spectral detection method, which is sensitive to late-type companions within

of the primary and which has no inner working angle. We estimate the temperatures and surface gravity of most of the 341 sample stars and derive their masses and ages. We additionally estimate the temperatures and masses of the 64 companions we find, 23 of which are new detections. We find that the mass-ratio distribution for our sample has a maximum near

. Our mass-ratio distribution has a very different form than in previous works, where it is usually well-described by a power law, and indicates that close companions to intermediate-mass stars experience significantly different accretion histories or formation mechanisms than wide companions.
EFFECT OF A SAUSAGE OSCILLATION ON RADIO ZEBRA-PATTERN STRUCTURES IN A SOLAR FLARE
Authors: Yu Sijie , Nakariakov V. M. , Yan Yihua 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Sausage modes that are axisymmetric fast magnetoacoustic oscillations of solar coronal loops are characterized by variation of the plasma density and magnetic field, and hence cause time variations of the electron plasma frequency and cyclotron frequency. The latter parameters determine the condition for the double plasma resonance (DPR), which is responsible for the appearance of zebra-pattern (ZP) structures in time spectra of solar type IV radio bursts. We perform numerical simulations of standing and propagating sausage oscillations in a coronal loop modeled as a straight, field-aligned plasma slab, and determine the time variation of the DPR layer locations. Instant values of the plasma density and magnetic field at the DPR layers allowed us to construct skeletons of the time variation of ZP stripes in radio spectra. In the presence of a sausage oscillation, the ZP structures are shown to have characteristic wiggles with the time period prescribed by the sausage oscillation. Standing and propagating sausage oscillations are found to have different signatures in ZP patterns. We conclude that ZP wiggles can be used for the detection of short-period sausage oscillations and the exploitation of their seismological potential.
INVESTIGATING THE CIRCUMSTELLAR DISK OF THE Be SHELL STAR 48 LIBRAE
Authors: Silaj J. , Jones C. E. , Carciofi A. C. , Escolano C. , Okazaki A. T. , Tycner C. , Rivinius T. , Klement R. , Bednarski D. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
A global disk oscillation implemented in the viscous decretion disk (VDD) model has been used to reproduce most of the observed properties of the well known Be star ζ Tau. 48 Librae shares several similarities with ζ Tau—they are both early-type Be stars, display shell characteristics in their spectra, and exhibit cyclic V/R variations—but has some marked differences as well, such as a much denser and more extended disk, a much longer V/R cycle, and the absence of the so-called triple-peak features. We aim to reproduce the photometric, polarimetric, and spectroscopic observables of 48 Librae with a self-consistent model, and to test the global oscillation scenario for this target. Our calculations are carried out with the three-dimensional NLTE radiative transfer code HDUST. We employ a rotationally deformed, gravity-darkened central star surrounded by a disk whose unperturbed state is given by the VDD model. A two-dimensional global oscillation code is then used to calculate the disk perturbation and superimpose it on the unperturbed disk. A very good, self-consistent fit to the time-averaged properties of the disk is obtained with the VDD. The calculated perturbation has a period P = 12 years, which agrees with the observed period, and the behavior of the V/R cycle is well reproduced by the perturbed model. The perturbed model improves the fit to the photometric data and reproduces some features of the observed spectroscopic data. Some suggestions to improve the synthesized spectroscopy in a future work are given.
ACCELERATED FITTING OF STELLAR SPECTRA
Authors: Ting (丁源森) Yuan-Sen , Conroy Charlie , Rix Hans-Walter 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Stellar spectra are often modeled and fitted by interpolating within a rectilinear grid of synthetic spectra to derive the stars’ labels: stellar parameters and elemental abundances. However, the number of synthetic spectra needed for a rectilinear grid grows exponentially with the label space dimensions, precluding the simultaneous and self-consistent fitting of more than a few elemental abundances. Shortcuts such as fitting subsets of labels separately can introduce unknown systematics and do not produce correct error covariances in the derived labels. In this paper we present a new approach—Convex Hull Adaptive Tessellation (chat)—which includes several new ideas for inexpensively generating a sufficient stellar synthetic library, using linear algebra and the concept of an adaptive, data-driven grid. A convex hull approximates the region where the data lie in the label space. A variety of tests with mock data sets demonstrate that chat can reduce the number of required synthetic model calculations by three orders of magnitude in an eight-dimensional label space. The reduction will be even larger for higher dimensional label spaces. In chat the computational effort increases only linearly with the number of labels that are fit simultaneously. Around each of these grid points in the label space an approximate synthetic spectrum can be generated through linear expansion using a set of “gradient spectra” that represent flux derivatives at every wavelength point with respect to all labels. These techniques provide new opportunities to fit the full stellar spectra from large surveys with 15–30 labels simultaneously.
THE BINARY NATURE OF CH-LIKE STARS
Authors: Sperauskas J. , Začs L. , Schuster W. J. , Deveikis V. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Yamashita has described a group of early carbon stars with enhanced lines of barium that resemble the CH stars but have low radial velocities. It is not clear whether they represent a class of stars separate from early R stars. Radial-velocity measurements and abundance analyses are applied in order to clarify the evolutionary status of CH-like stars. Radial-velocity monitoring was performed over a time interval of about 10 years. Abundance analysis was carried out using high-resolution spectra and the method of atmospheric models for three CH-like candidate stars. The radial-velocity monitoring confirmed regular variations for all of the classified CH-like stars, except for two, in support of their binary nature. The calculated orbital parameters are similar to those observed for barium stars in the disk of the Galaxy and their counterparts in the halo, that is, the CH stars. The relatively low luminosity of CH-like stars and the overabundance of s-process elements in the atmospheres are in agreement with a mass-transfer scenario from the secondary—an AGB star in the past. The kinematic data and metallicities support the idea that CH-like stars are thin/thick-disk population objects.