bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGGUNAAN BERBAGAI JENIS FILTER UNTUK PEMELIHARAAN IKAN HIAS AIR TAWAR DI AKUARIUM
Authors: Priono Bambang , Satyani Darti 
Published: October 2016

Akuarium merupakan salah satu wadah untuk pemeliharaan ikan hias baik tawar maupun laut, betapapun indahnya ikan hias apabila tidak ditunjang dengan penampilan, aksesoris, dan dekorasi yang memadai, maka nilai keindahan akan berkurang. Penggunaan filter untuk mendukung salah satu sintasan ikan hias sangat penting. Terdapat banyak jenis-jenis filter yang dapat digunakan di dalam akuarium, dengan bentuk, desain, ukuran, dan harga yang bermacam-macam pula. Namun demikian, fungsi utama filter sebernarnya adalah untuk (1) menghilangkan atau mengangkat kotoran atau sisa kotoran dari air, (2) mengangkat atau menghilangkan bahan kimia dari air yang membuat air menjadi berwarna (warna coklat)/keruh atau bahan yang tak dikehendaki, dan (3) menghilangkan kotoran ikan dan menguraikan produk atau zat yang beracun menjadi tak beracun untuk ikan.
POTENSI DAN PROSPEK EKONOMIS UDANG MANTIS DI INDONESIA
Authors: Astuti Iswari Ratna , Ariestyani Fitria 
Published: October 2016

Udang mantis merupakan salah satu komoditas hewan laut yang mempunyai nilai ekonomi tinggi. Udang mantis termasuk salah satu jenis krustase laut yang bernilai gizi tinggi, dengan kadar protein dapat mencapai 87,09%. Beberapa spesies udang mantis dikenal sebagai bahan makanan eksotis dan sebagai komoditas ekspor. Jenis jenis udang mantis yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi adalah dari famili Harpiosquillidae dan Squillidae. Dalam keadaan hidup, udang mantis dijual per ekor berdasarkan ukuran panjang, dengan kisaran Rp 10.000,- hingga Rp 80.000,-. Dalam keadaan mati, udang mantis dijual dengan harga Rp 45.000,-/kg. Udang mantis dapat hidup dalam air laut maupun air payau, dan sering dijumpai di daerah pesisir maupun pertambakan. Habitat sebagian besar udang mantis adalah pantai, senang hidup di dasar air terutama pasir berlumpur. Udang mantis mempunyai kemampuan beradaptasi yang tinggi, bahkan di daerah yang sudah terkontaminasi. Sampai saat ini udang mantis diperoleh dengan mengandalkan hasil tangkapan nelayan, yang ketersediaannya tergantung musim. Udang mantis merupakan salah satu hasil tangkapan sampingan nelayan dengan target tangkapan utama ikan maupun udang. Dalam rangka mencegah terjadinya penurunan hasil tangkapan sekaligus menjaga kelestarian populasi udang mantis, perlu dilakukan upaya budidaya. Domestikasi sebagai langkah awal dalam usaha budidaya perlu dilakukan, untuk itu, diperlukan penelitian/kajian tentang berbagai aspek seperti aspek biologi, ekologi, reproduksi, genetika, dan lain-lain.
ATRAKTAN PADA PAKAN IKAN: JENIS, FUNGSI, DAN RESPONS IKAN
Authors: Khasani Ikhsan 
Published: October 2016

Salah satu faktor utama yang memengaruhi laju pertumbuhan dan kesehatan ikan adalah pakan, baik aspek kandungan nutrisi maupun kuantitas. Pakan buatan berkualitas memiliki tingkat palatabilitas, yang tinggi. Ikan cepat merespons pakan yang memiliki senyawa yang merangsang indera penciumannya karena adanya mekanisme kemoreseptor. Senyawa tersebut dikenal sebagai atraktan. Berbagai senyawa yang memiliki sifat atraktan, baik yang bersifat alami maupun sintetis,telah digunakan pada pakan buatan. Penggalian potensi sumber senyawa atraktan terus dilakukan secara intensif. Artikel ini disusun dengan tujuan memberikan gambaran mengenai beberapa jenis bahan atraktan dan penggunaannya pada beberapa komoditas ikan budidaya.
Technology as the New Frontier: Unilever and the Rise of Becel Margarine
Authors: Davids Mila 
Published: October 2016

Technology as the New Frontier: Unilever and the Rise of Becel Margarine By analysing the creation and development of the health-enhancing product Becel over more than three decades, this article illustrates how techno-scientific frontier processes impacted on the Dutch-British firm, Unilever. The expansion of the scientific frontier led to new insights in the field of cardiovascular diseases, which not only affected the medical community, but also food companies such as Unilever. The development of Becel in the early 1960s – initially as a diet fat and later as a diet margarine – required state-of-the-art food science research. We can identify a growing tension between the scientific techno-scientific frontier processes and the public acceptance of scientific insights. While the researchers’ drive to expand the scientific frontier remained the same throughout three decades, the legitimation of the company's activities by referring to scientific progress became increasingly difficult. This was not without consequences for Unilever. I argue that this was due to three related processes that unfolded in the early 1970s. Scientific debates became public, society at large was losing its faith in science and experts and finally, in Unilever itself: Marketing managers and their ideas on how to position Becel became more dominant than those of the laboratory researchers.
1816 and the Resumption of «Ordinary History»
Authors: Jones Rhys 
Published: October 2016

1816 and the Resumption of «Ordinary History» Writing in his memoirs, Prince Klemens von Metternich depicted the conclusion of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815 as a return to «ordinary history». As the chaos of revolution subsided, political and temporal order was resumed, inaugurating a perception of historical time that Metternich believed would be sparse, uneventful, stable and slow. This article examines the failure of this vision to be realised within the context of the first full year of the post-revolutionary era: 1816. The temporal strategies devised and implemented in the wake of Waterloo and the Congress of Vienna to stabilise the experience of historical time were themselves undermined by the ambiguous, often contested interpretations of what constituted the «ordinary» course of history. Although the geographic scope is transnational, stretching from Piedmont to Barbados, this article focuses primarily on France and America, and the contemporary chronopolitical disputes that saw those societies struggle to comprehend the new historical and temporal realities established by their respective revolutions. The chronopolitical controversies of 1816 were dominated by the belief that history, which was accelerated beyond control during the revolutionary era, could not be stabilised, or rendered «ordinary».
Building Imperial Frontiers. Business, Science and Karakul Sheep Farming in (German) South-West Africa (1903–1939)
Authors: Declercq Robrecht 
Published: October 2016

Building Imperial Frontiers. Business, Science and Karakul Sheep Farming in (German) South-West Africa (1903–1939) This article examines the development of Karakul farming at the colonial frontier of South-West Africa. It covers both the development of Karakul farming as a project for improving the economic conditions of the colonies, and its consolidation after the First World War. The paper is divided into two main parts. The first part focuses in particular on the network between agricultural scientists, who advocated genetic science, and German fur entrepreneurs, who searched for new suppliers of resources. This network ultimately led to the creation of Karakul farming in German South-West Africa. The article demonstrates that German business and scientists were much more active in colonial projects and German empire-building than existing business histories have shown. Secondly, after the loss of empire, the German fur business and colonial office continued to invest in Namibian Karakul farming, stimulating its recovery and boom in the 1930s. However, the article also argues that the consolidation phase went along with the decline of the (commercial) model of Karakul farming introduced before the war.
Expert opinion on splinting adult patients with neurological injuries
Authors: Chazen Lee-Anne , Franzsen Denise 
Published: October 2016

In the light of a lack of definitive research evidence this study explored expert opinion for splinting in adults with neurological injuries. An exploratory, descriptive, qualitative methodology was used with 14 occupational therapists, experienced in neurorehabilitation.
Data were analysed based on priori themes:-
The Model of Practice Development :- most value was placed on personal knowledge gained from experience in the field and being able to individualise treatment for each patient. Procedural knowledge gained from clinical experience; reflection on protocols and working with and learning from others was seen as essential in developing skills required for this type of intervention.
The Three Track Model of Clinical Reasoning -The effectiveness of the splints depended on the patient's context and response as well as the therapists' ability to adapt to their preferences and goals. Procedural reasoning and goals related to client factors should not be consideredÂ in isolation. Outcomes should consider occupational performance and client satisfaction.
Hippotherapy in Occupational Therapy Practice
Authors: Govender Pragashnie , Barlow Carol , Ballim Sameera 
Published: October 2016

Background: There has recently been renewed interest in hippotherapy, which can be a strategy of choice within therapy programmes involving the use of a horse. In this study, the authors endeavoured to explore the experiences and perceptions of occupational therapists in the use of hippotherapy as a therapeutic intervention strategy.Methods: A quantitative descriptive study design was selected utilising an online questionnaire. Two hundred and thirty seventherapists were purposively sampled with data being obtained from 53 respondents. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics.Results: The majority of respondents (n=39 i.e. 76.3%) indicated awareness of hippotherapy, with a number of the respondentsindicating exposure to hippotherapy during their studies (n=24 i.e. 46.2%). Only six of the respondents were currently using hippotherapy, either directly or through referrals. It is significant to note that out of the 47 of the respondents who were not currently using hippotherapy, 42 respondents indicated that they would consider using it in the future.Conclusion: The high percentage of respondents interested in this therapeutic intervention strategy can be linked to their perception of the benefits of hippotherapy. In particular, all respondents indicated that they viewed hippotherapy as being beneficial for neurological conditions, as well as for specific aspects of functioning including postural control, mobility, processing and integration, self-confidence, self-esteem, mood and motivation. Relevant barriers impacting on the use of hippotherapy included limited centres available and lack of awareness. The majority of respondents currently not using hippotherapy indicated that there was limited training for occupational therapists. As benefits become validated by future research studies, as well as by limiting barriers to the use of this intervention strategy, hippotherapy may become a more widespread and acceptable adjunctive therapeutic intervention strategy.
Shaped by place: Environmental influences on the participation of young cyclists from disadvantaged communities in professional cycling.
Authors: Stark Suzanne , Lorenzo Theresa , Landman Susan 
Published: October 2016

Objective: This qualitative study explored the influence of environmental factors on the performance of professional cyclists from disadvantaged communities.
Method: Photovoice, unstructured interviews, a focus group and a key informant interview were used as sources of data generation.
Discussion: The findings relate to the experiences of three cyclists, their team and their manager. It is evident that the environment impacts in different ways upon the participation and performance of cyclists. Four of the five clusters of environmental factors as specified by the International Classification of Function were used as a framework for the discussion. Environmental factors discussed are Products and technology; The natural environment; Appreciating supportive relationships and attitudes and the relevance of Services, systems and policies.
Conclusion: This study offers a fresh perspective from conventional sporting interventions by focusing on the influence of the environment on sporting performance rather than attempting to improve sporting performance. It is evident that the significance of the environment should be considered more carefully by coaching staff as it could ultimately improve performance of cyclists who come from disadvantaged communities. Taking an occupational perspective, this article highlights the potential contribution of occupational therapy in the field of professional cycling.
Emotional characteristics of mothers bringing up children with arthrogryposis
Authors: Pyatakova Galina V , Agranovich Olga E 
Published: October 2016

Introduction. Arthrogryposis is a congenital disease that can cause feelings of deprivation in parents of affected children. Mothers of children with the disease may experience emotional trauma, manifested as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (a term coined by N.V. Tarabrina), anxiety and depressive manifestations. Mothers with such emotional problems may hinder the effective rehabilitation treatment of their children.Aims. To examine the emotional characteristics of mothers of children with arthrogryposis.Material and methods. In this study, the following methods were used: a scale that assesses the level of reactive and personal anxiety (C.D. Spielberg and J.L. Hanina); the Beck Depression Inventory; and the Gorovits Impact of Event Scale-R (N.V. Tarabrina). Case histories were also examined. Data were analyzed using Student's t-test. The study involved 58 mothers with children aged from 1 to 8 years old. Among these, 28 mothers had children suffering from arthrogryposis; the children of the remaining 30 mothers were apparently healthy.Results. There was no difference in level of personal anxiety between the mothers of children with arthrogryposis and those with healthy children. The mothers of children with arthrogryposis suffered from severe situational anxiety and PTSD (including symptoms of intrusive invasion, avoidance, and hyper-arousal); the mothers of healthy children did not experience such emotional trauma. Mothers with negative emotional states of this kind may hinder the effective rehabilitation of their children with arthrogryposis. In such situations, the participation of a clinical psychologist who can provide the necessary psychological assistance on the basis of individual psychological diagnosis is required.
Elementos ejemplarizantes en el romancero viejo
Authors: González Aurelio 
Published: October 2016

La literatura “ejemplar” se conceptúa habitualmente como uno de los puntos generadores de la prosa literaria castellana, ya sea en su modalidad de traducciones de cuentos orientales o en la de recreaciones de éstas; también es sabido que entre sus características esenciales se cuenta el ser colecciones de enseñanzas para vivir virtuosamente.
El penúltimo relato de las <i>Cent Nouvelles nouvelles</i>, ¿una “anti-Griselda” del siglo XV?
Authors: Azuela Cristina 
Published: October 2016

Este artículo surgió a partir del trabajo de Luciano Rossi, quien ha señalado que el orden de los relatos de Les Cení Nouvelles nouvelles difiere en los dos textos más antiguos que se conservan. En efecto, las dos últimas historias ocupan un orden invertido en el manuscrito de Glasgow y en la primera edición (de Vérard). Hasta las investigaciones de Rossi nadie había cuestionado el orden establecido por la edición, ya canónica, de Champion de 1928.
Hacia una poética de José Revueltas (primer apunte: el problema del lector)
Authors: Mateo José Manuel 
Published: October 2016

Ante la idea de un lector genérico y de la lectura como consenso, José Revueltas plantea: a) que los lectores y las lecturas de la obra literaria sólo existen como acto, y b) que puede hablarse de un lector eterno constituido fundamentalmente por quienes escriben y leen a lo largo del tiempo histórico, de modo que la naturaleza de la palabra no se circunscribe a una comprensiíon inmediata sino que sigue siempre adelante de una manera ilimitada. Ambos planteamientos se relacionan con conceptos bajtinianos relevantes (la tonalidad social del enunciado, su orientación hacia la palabra-respuesta, el signo entendido como proceso de generación y no como reconocimiento de lo mismo) y dan fe de la intensa reflexión filosófica que ordena el pensamiento y la obra de Revueltas en sus diversas manifestaciones lñiterarias, de teoría estética y política.
Hermenéutica en la <i>Traducción y glosas de la Eneida</i> de Enrique de Villena
Authors: Cortés Ortiz Cecilia A. 
Published: October 2016

Se revisan, desde una perspectiva hermenéutica, los dos principales niveles interpretativos de la Traducción y glosas de la Eneida de Enrique de Ville­na. El primer nivel es la traducción del latín al castellano; el segundo nivel, que se da a consecuencia de la compenetración entre el lector (Villena) y el texto (la Eneida), son los comentarios. En las Glosas encontramos dos niveles constantes de interpretación: el sentido literal, dentro del cual se encuentran los evehemerismos y las etiologías, y el sentido alegórico, que a su vez se subdivide en alegoría ético-moral y en alegoría científica. Tam­bién se resalta la importancia que el comentarista le concede al lector y se señalan los ejemplos más representativos.
“<i>Trickstán</i>”: la construcción entrelazada del héroe y el <i>trickster</i> en <i>Tristán el monje</i>
Authors: Azuela Cristina 
Published: October 2016

Tristán el monje, texto alemán del siglo xiii, forma parte de los episodiosque se difundieron de manera independiente de las versiones largas de laleyenda de Tristán y que rescatan los rasgos detrickster del personaje. Laparticularidad de este texto no es solamente que cataliza de manera brillantelos elementos “tricksteriles” del protagonista, sino que reelabora el retrato del personaje como héroe caballeresco sin tacha al contraponerlo con el del trickster transgresor picaresco. A través de una construcción entrelazada con ambos aspectos demuestra que se trata de partes indisolubles de su personalidad. Igualmente transforma al propio texto en un texto trickster que desestabiliza los géneros al pasar de la narración cortés del inicio al tono burlesco del final, en una estructura muy parecida a la de los relatos cómicos breves como son los fabliaux y las nouvelles.
Reduction of Methane Emission during Slurry Storage by the Addition of Effective Microorganisms and Excessive Carbon Source from Brewing Sugar
Authors: Bastami Mohd Saufi B. , Jones Davey L. , Chadwick David R. 
Published: October 2016

Storing livestock manure is the primary stage of manure management where microbial processes and chemical reactions result in the release of methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), ammonia (NH3), and carbon dioxide (CO2). This study examined the reduction of CH4 emissions from slurry storage under two temperatures (cool [10°C] and warm [30°C]) when a glucose‐rich substrate (brewing sugar) and activated effective microorganisms were applied at 10% (w/w) and 5% (v/w), respectively. Brewing sugar addition influenced microbial anaerobic respiration, resulting in a reduction of slurry pH to <5.0, through “self‐acidification” caused by lactic acid production. Subsequently, CH4 emissions were significantly reduced by 87 and 99% in the cool and warm environments, respectively. The effective microorganism treatment did not change the chemical characteristics of the slurry but reduced CH4 emissions by 17 and 27% (P < 0.05) in the cool and warm environments, respectively. These results suggest that self‐acidification after addition of a carbon source may be a promising alternative to slurry acidification using concentrated acids.Core Ideas
Glucose addition leads to slurry self‐acidification by lactic acid production.
Self‐acidification of slurry (pH <5.0) reduced CH4 emissions by >85%.
Bio‐augmentation with effective microorganisms reduced CH4 emissions by 17–27%.
Nutrient Cycling in Grassed Roadside Ditches and Lawns in a Suburban Watershed
Authors: McPhillips Lauren E. , Groffman Peter M. , Schneider Rebecca L. , Walter M. Todd 
Published: October 2016

Roadside ditches are ubiquitous in developed landscapes. They are designed to route water from roads for safety, with little consideration of water quality or biogeochemical implications in ditch design and minimal data on environmental impacts. We hypothesize that periodic saturation and nutrient influxes may make roadside ditches hotspots for nitrogen (N) removal via denitrification as well as biological production of the greenhouse gases (GHGs) nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO2). Research sites included 12 grassed ditches and adjacent lawns with varying fertilization in a suburban watershed in central New York, where lawns represented a reference with similar soils as ditches but differing hydrology. We measured potential denitrification using the denitrification enzyme assay in fall 2014 and GHG fluxes using in situ static chambers between summer 2014 and 2015, including sample events after storms. Potential denitrification in ditches was significantly higher than in lawns, and rates were comparable to those in stream riparian areas, features traditionally viewed as denitrification hotspots. Ditches had higher rates of CH4emissions, particularly sites that were wettest. Lawns were hotspots for N2O and CO2respiratory emissions, which were driven by nutrient availability and fertilizer application. Extrapolating up to the watershed, ditches have the potential to remove substantial N loads via denitrification if managed optimally. Ditch GHG emissions extrapolated across the watershed were minimal given their much smaller area compared with lawns, which were the greater contributor of GHGs. These findings suggest that roadside ditches may offer new management opportunities for mitigating nonpoint source N pollution in residential watersheds.Core IdeasGreenhouse gases and denitrification were studied in grassed road ditches and lawns.Nitrous oxide emissions were higher in lawns, particularly in fertilized lawns.Ditches were hotspots for CH4emissions and potential denitrification.Ditches could be better managed to promote beneficial N removal and minimize GHGs.
Soybean Area and Baseflow Driving Nitrate in Iowa's Raccoon River
Authors: Villarini Gabriele , Jones Christopher S. , Schilling Keith E. 
Published: October 2016

Improved understanding of the drivers of stream nitrate is necessary to improve water quality. This is particularly true for Iowa, a large contributor to Mississippi River Basin nitrate loads. Here, we focus on the Raccoon River at Des Moines, Iowa, and develop statistical models to describe the monthly (from March to August) nitrate concentrations in terms of eight drivers representing monthly climate, monthly hydrology, and yearly cropping practices. We consider six two‐parameter distributions, linear and nonlinear dependencies between the predictors, and the distributions’ parameters. Model selection was performed by penalizing more complex models. Our results show that the Weibull and Gumbel distributions are the only two selected distributions. Baseflow and the previous year's soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] area were the two predictors most often identified as important. Our modeling results imply that increases in soybean area have led to increasing nitrate concentrations. Moreover, nitrate concentrations are related to baseflow in a nonlinear way, with effects strongest when baseflow is near or below the average condition. Additional relevant predictors were precipitation and, to a lesser extent, temperature. We conclude that best management practices and improved conservation targeting soybean in a corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean rotation will improve water quality in this artificially drained system.Core Ideas
We developed statistical models to understand drivers of stream nitrate.
Soybean cultivation and baseflow are strong drivers of stream nitrate.
More focus on soybean, rather than corn, may disproportionately improve water quality.