bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adapting compassion focused therapy for an adult with a learning disability—A case study
Authors: Cooper Rosalind , Frearson Julia 
Published: March 2017

Accessible summary

Compassion focused therapy is a talking therapy.

It helps people be kind to themselves.

We do not know whether this therapy can help people with learning disabilities.

Here, we talk about what happened when a man with a learning disability had the therapy.

We hope that other people will use the therapy too.

This will improve therapy for people with learning disabilities.

AbstractBackgroundJoe was referred to the Community Learning Disabilities Team (CLDT) for support around low mood and overeating. Initial formulation suggested compassion focused therapy (CFT) as an intervention. The evidence base for using CFT with people with learning disabilities is currently limited.Materials and MethodsAdaptations were made to the CFT framework, accounting for Joe's learning disability. A case study design was used to investigate the effectiveness of intervention. Joe attended 13 sessions of assessment, formulation and intervention. Client feedback was incorporated to assess suitability of the CFT approach and adaptations made.Results and ConclusionsChanges in scores on outcome measures were limited. However, findings from this exploratory study suggest that CFT can be meaningfully adapted for use within the field of learning disabilities. Implications for clinical practice and directions for future research are discussed.
Evaluation of the ECOSSE model to predict heterotrophic soil respiration by direct measurements
Authors: Dondini M. , Alberti G. , Delle Vedove G. , Ventura M. , Tonon G. , Viger M. , Harris Z. M. , Jenkins J. R. , Richards M. , Pogson M. , Taylor G. , Smith J. U. , Smith P. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThis paper aims to evaluate the suitability of the ECOSSE model to estimate soil heterotrophic respiration (Rh) from arable land and short rotation coppices of poplar and willow. Between 2011 and 2013, we measured Rh with automatic closed dynamic chambers on root exclusion plots at one site in the UK (willow, mixed commercial genotypes of Salix spp.) and two sites in Italy (arable and poplar, Populus  ×  Canadensis Moench, Oudemberg genotype), and compared these measured fluxes to simulated values of Rh with the ECOSSE model. Correlation coefficients (r) between modelled and measured monthly Rh data were strong and significant, with a range between 0.81 and 0.96 for all three types of vegetation. There was no significant error and bias in the model for any site. The model was able to predict seasonal trends in Rh at all three sites even though it occasionally underestimated the flux values during warm weather in spring and summer. Because of the strong correlation between the measured and modelled values, it is unlikely that underestimation of the flux is the result of missing processes in the model. Therefore, further detailed monitoring of Rh is needed to modify the model. In this research, a limited set of input data was used to simulate Rh at the three sites. Nevertheless, overall results of the model evaluation suggest that the ECOSSE model simulates soil Rh adequately under all land uses tested and that continuous and direct measurements (such as automatic chambers installed on root‐exclusion plots) are a useful tool to test model performance to simulate Rh at the site level.Highlights
Model evaluation is crucial to predict soil carbon balance accurately.
Modelled and measured heterotrophic respiration were compared for three land uses.
The model performed well statistically for all three vegetation types.
Modelled heterotrophic respiration should be evaluated by comparison to continuous measurements.
Opioid substitution therapy or hidden opioids are a minefield for nalmefene: an atypical case series of 11 patients in Lorraine
Authors: Yéléhé‐Okouma Melissa , Martini Hervé , Lemarié Jérémie , Labroca Pierre , Petitpain Nadine , Gibaja Valérie , Paille François , Gillet Pierre 
Published: March 2017

AbstractOpioid antagonists such as naltrexone and nalmefene are used in drug therapy for alcoholism. Nalmefene, approved in Europe in February 2013 for the reduction of alcohol consumption, is used in patients with alcohol dependence. We report 11 cases of opioid withdrawal syndrome after a single dose of nalmefene in patients usually treated with methadone, buprenorphine, but also with fentanyl or loperamide. Nalmefene is both a partial agonist and an antagonist of opioid receptors. Regarding to its opioid antagonist activity, nalmefene is contraindicated in patients with an opioid treatment. Therefore, when prescribing or delivering nalmefene, healthcare professionals need to be vigilant about any type of opioid exposure, even masked or hidden, to avoid these potential life‐threatening syndromes.
Dapsone‐induced agranulocytosis—possible involvement of low‐activity N‐acetyltransferase 2
Authors: Potočnjak Ines , Likić Robert , Šimić Iveta , Juričić Nahal Danica , Čegec Ivana , Ganoci Lana , Božina Nada 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDapsone‐induced agranulocytosis is a rare but potentially fatal adverse drug reaction (ADR). A 45‐year‐old male Caucasian patient developed agranulocytosis caused by dapsone (diamino‐diphenyl sulfone), which he was prescribed for leukocytoclastic vasculitis. Patient's treatment consisted of termination of dapsone, antibiotic therapy, and granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor leading to prompt improvement of symptoms and normalization of laboratory blood values. Diagnostic evaluation revealed methemoglobinemia and excluded glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Pharmacogenetics testing showed that he was a carrier of NAT2 *5/*6 genotype, predisposing to low activity of the N‐acetyltransferase 2 enzyme. This was the first and only ADR to dapsone reported in Croatia. In total, there have been 73 ADR to dapsone recorded worldwide, including only four cases of agranulocytosis.
Prediction of recurrence following hepatectomy in patients with hepatitis C virus infection‐related hepatocellular carcinoma who achieved a sustained virological response
Authors: Okimoto Sho , Kobayashi Tsuyoshi , Kuroda Shintaro , Ishiyama Kohei , Ide Kentaro , Ohira Masahiro , Tahara Hiroyuki , Shimizu Seiichi , Iwako Hiroshi , Hamaoka Michinori , Honmyo Naruhiko , Yamaguchi Megumi , Ohdan Hideki 
Published: March 2017

AimThe risk of hepatitis C virus infection‐related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is lower, with a better prognosis, in patients who achieve a sustained virological response (SVR) than in those who do not. We aimed to identify risk factors of post‐hepatectomy HCC recurrence in patients who achieved a SVR.MethodsThis retrospective study included 349 HCC patients who underwent an initial radical hepatectomy at our institution between January 2005 and December 2014. Sixty‐eight patients had achieved a SVR (the SVR group) and 281 patients had not (the non‐SVR group). Clinical characteristics and long‐term outcomes were compared between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified variables associated with recurrence‐free survival in the SVR group.ResultsPost‐hepatectomy overall and recurrence‐free survival rates were significantly higher in the SVR group than the non‐SVR group (P < 0.01 and <0.05, respectively). Univariate analysis of post‐hepatectomy recurrence‐free survival in the SVR group revealed multiple significant factors: aspartate aminotransferase, 25 IU/L or more (P = 0.01); indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min, 20.0% or less (P < 0.05); hepatic vascular invasion (P < 0.05); and an interval of months or less between achieving a SVR and hepatectomy (P < 0.01). Multivariate analysis confirmed an interval of 30 months or less between achieving a SVR and hepatectomy as an independent prognostic factor of recurrence‐free survival (hazard ratio, 2.30; 95.0% confidence interval, 1.04–5.13; P < 0.05).ConclusionThe interval between achieving a SVR and hepatectomy is an important predictor of recurrence in hepatitis C virus infection‐related HCC patients who achieved a SVR.
Current status of clinical trials assessing oncolytic virus therapy for urological cancers
Authors: Taguchi Satoru , Fukuhara Hiroshi , Homma Yukio , Todo Tomoki 
Published: March 2017

AbstractOncolytic virus therapy has recently been recognized as a promising new option for cancer treatment. Oncolytic viruses replicate selectively in cancer cells, thus killing them without harming normal cells. Notably, T‐VEC (talimogene laherparepvec, formerly called OncoVEXGM‐CSF), an oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of inoperable melanoma in October 2015, and was subsequently approved in Europe and Australia in 2016. The efficacies of many types of oncolytic viruses against urological cancers have been investigated in preclinical studies during the past decade, and some have already been tested in clinical trials. For example, a phase I trial of the third‐generation oncolytic Herpes simplex virus type 1, G47Δ, in patients with prostate cancer was completed in 2016. We summarize the current status of clinical trials of oncolytic virus therapy in patients with the three major urological cancers: prostate, bladder and renal cell cancers. In addition to Herpes simplex virus type 1, adenoviruses, reoviruses, vaccinia virus, Sendai virus and Newcastle disease virus have also been used as parental viruses in these trials. We believe that oncolytic virus therapy is likely to become an important and major treatment option for urological cancers in the near future.
Towards more disorganised decentralisation? Collective bargaining in the public sector under pay restraint
Authors: Grimshaw Damian , Johnson Mat , Marino Stefania , Rubery Jill 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWhile sector‐level collective bargaining can provide the institutional leverage to sustain and improve employment standards, a proliferation of disorganised local settlements may reduce its effectiveness. This article examines this proposition for local government in the UK, highlights the risks of a ‘destructive’ disorganisation of employment relations and calls for a renewal of articulation mechanisms between sector and local levels of collective bargaining.
Austerity stabilised through European funds: the impact on Slovenian welfare administration and provision
Authors: Samaluk Barbara 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe article explores how austerity stabilised through European funds affects institutional change, work organisation and employment relations within Slovenian welfare administration and provision. It shows that increasing dependence upon European funds turns the state into an intermediary characterised by project modes of work organisation that weaken human resource and financial capacities for domestic policy development and provision. It uncovers that project modes of organising, traditionally present within non‐governmental sector, are also entering the public sector. This shift increases the vulnerability of third and public sector workforce and frustrates young and excluded workers' transition into permanent jobs.
A life history approach to delineating how harsh environments and hawk temperament traits differentially shape children's problem‐solving skills
Authors: Suor Jennifer H. , Sturge‐Apple Melissa L. , Davies Patrick T. , Cicchetti Dante 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundHarsh environments are known to predict deficits in children's cognitive abilities. Life history theory approaches challenge this interpretation, proposing stressed children's cognition becomes specialized to solve problems in fitness‐enhancing ways. The goal of this study was to examine associations between early environmental harshness and children's problem‐solving outcomes across tasks varying in ecological relevance. In addition, we utilize an evolutionary model of temperament toward further specifying whether hawk temperament traits moderate these associations.MethodsTwo hundred and one mother–child dyads participated in a prospective multimethod study when children were 2 and 4 years old. At age 2, environmental harshness was assessed via maternal report of earned income and observations of maternal disengagement during a parent–child interaction task. Children's hawk temperament traits were assessed from a series of unfamiliar episodes. At age 4, children's reward‐oriented and visual problem‐solving were measured.ResultsPath analyses revealed early environmental harshness and children's hawk temperament traits predicted worse visual problem‐solving. Results showed a significant two‐way interaction between children's hawk temperament traits and environmental harshness on reward‐oriented problem‐solving. Simple slope analyses revealed the effect of environmental harshness on reward‐oriented problem‐solving was specific to children with higher levels of hawk traits.ConclusionsResults suggest early experiences of environmental harshness and child hawk temperament traits shape children's trajectories of problem‐solving in an environment‐fitting manner.
National Trends and Geographic Variation in Availability of Home Health Care: 2002–2015
Authors: Wang Yun , Leifheit‐Limson Erica C. , Fine Jonathan , Pandolfi Michelle M. , Gao Yan , Liu Fanglin , Eckenrode Sheila , Lichtman Judith H. 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesTo evaluate national trends and geographic variation in the availability of home health care from 2002 to 2015 and identify county‐specific characteristics associated with home health care.DesignObservational study.SettingAll counties in the United States.ParticipantsAll Medicare‐certified home health agencies included in the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Home Health Compare system.MeasurementsCounty‐specific availability of home health care, defined as the number of available home health agencies that provided services to a given county per 100,000 population aged ≥18 years.ResultsThe study included 15,184 Medicare‐certified home health agencies that served 97% of U.S. ZIP codes. Between 2002–2003 and 2014–2015, the county‐specific number of available home health agencies per 100,000 population aged ≥18 years increased from 14.7 to 21.8 and the median (inter‐quartile range) population that was serviced by at least one home health agency increased from 403,605 (890,329) to 455,488 (1,039,328). Considerable geographic variation in the availability of home health care was observed. The West, North East, and South Atlantic regions had lower home health care availability than the Central regions, and this pattern persisted over the study period. Counties with higher median income, a larger senior population, higher rates of households without a car and low access to stores, more obesity, greater inactivity, and higher proportions of non‐Hispanic white, non‐Hispanic black, and Hispanic populations were more likely to have higher availability of home health care.ConclusionThe availability of home health care increased nationwide during the study period, but there was much geographic variation.
Preventing Hospitalization with Veterans Affairs Home‐Based Primary Care: Which Individuals Benefit Most?
Authors: Edwards Samuel T. , Saha Somnath , Prentice Julia C. , Pizer Steven D. 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesTo examine how medical complexity modifies the relationship between enrollment in Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) home‐based primary care (HBPC) and hospitalization for ambulatory care–sensitive conditions (ACSC) for veterans with diabetes mellitus and whether the effect of HBPC on hospitalizations varies according to clinical condition.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingVA and non‐VA hospitals.ParticipantsVA beneficiaries aged 67 and older with diabetes mellitus and enrolled in Medicare (N = 364,972).MeasurementsInstrumental variables regression models were used to estimate the effect of HBPC enrollment on hospitalization for ACSCs (defined according to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Prevention Quality Indicators) overall and in subgroups stratified according to medical complexity. Models were also estimated for each ACSC to determine which conditions were most sensitive to HBPC. Distance from the veteran's residence to the nearest HBPC site was used as the instrumental variable.ResultsHBPC was associated with fewer ACSC hospitalizations (odds ratio (OR) = 0.35 per person‐month, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.30–0.42). For veterans in the highest quartile of medical complexity, HBPC enrollment was associated with fewer ACSC hospitalizations (OR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.19–0.93), whereas for those in the lowest quartile, HBPC was associated with more ACSC hospitalizations (OR = 33.2, 95% CI = 4.6–240.1). HBPC enrollment was associated with fewer hospitalizations for a range of ACSCs.ConclusionHBPC enrollment was associated with fewer hospitalizations for a range of ACSCs in veterans with diabetes mellitus but only in the most medically complex individuals. This demonstrates the importance of appropriate targeting and suggests that the effect of HBPC is attributable to its comprehensive approach rather than condition‐specific interventions.
Observed Hearing Loss and Incident Dementia in a Multiethnic Cohort
Authors: Golub Justin S. , Luchsinger José A. , Manly Jennifer J. , Stern Yaakov , Mayeux Richard , Schupf Nicole 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesTo determine whether observed hearing loss (OHL) is associated with incident dementia in a multiethnic population.DesignProspective epidemiological cohort study.SettingCommunity in northern Manhattan.ParticipantsParticipants in the Washington Heights‐Inwood Columbia Aging Project, a longitudinal study on aging and dementia in an ethnically diverse community (n = 1,881).MeasurementsOHL was defined when the examiner observed it or according to self‐reported hearing aid use. A consensus panel diagnosed dementia using standard research criteria. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to examine the relationship between OHL at baseline and risk of incident dementia (mean 7.3 ± 4.4 years of longitudinal followup, range 0.9–20 years).ResultsOHL was associated with 1.69 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.3–2.3, P < .010) times the risk of incident dementia, adjusting for demographic characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors, apolipoprotein E4 genotype, and stroke. When stratified according to race, the association between OHL and incident dementia was high in all groups but was statistically significant only in blacks (hazard ratio = 2.62, 95% CI = 1.5–4.5, P < .010).ConclusionOHL was associated with greater risk of incident dementia in a multiethnic cohort. More study is needed to determine whether HL contributes to dementia and whether treating HL can reduce the risk of dementia.
Risk Factors for Malnutrition among Older Adults in the Emergency Department: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Burks Collin E. , Jones Christopher W. , Braz Valerie A. , Swor Robert A. , Richmond Natalie L. , Hwang Kay S. , Hollowell Allison G. , Weaver Mark A. , Platts‐Mills Timothy F. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundAmong older adults, malnutrition is common, often missed by healthcare providers, and influences recovery from illness or injury.ObjectiveTo identify modifiable risk factors associated with malnutrition in older patients.DesignProspective cross‐sectional multicenter study.Setting3 EDs in the South, Northeast, and Midwest.ParticipantsNon‐critically ill, English‐speaking adults aged ≥65 years.MeasurementsRandom time block sampling was used to enroll patients. The ED interview assessed malnutrition using the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short‐Form. Food insecurity and poor oral health were assessed using validated measures. Other risk factors examined included depressive symptoms, limited mobility, lack of transportation, loneliness, and medication side effects, qualified by whether the patient reported the risk factor affected their diet. The population attributable risk proportion (PARP) for malnutrition was estimated for each risk factor.ResultsIn our sample (n = 252), the prevalence of malnutrition was 12%. Patient characteristics associated with malnutrition included not having a college degree, being admitted to the hospital, and residence in an assisted living facility. Of the risk factors examined, the PARPs for malnutrition were highest for poor oral health (54%; 95% CI 16%, 78%), food insecurity (14%; 95% CI 3%, 31%), and lack of transportation affecting diet (12%; 95% CI 3%, 28%).ConclusionResults of this observational study identify multiple modifiable factors associated with the problem of malnutrition in older adults.
A Longitudinal Study of the Mini‐Mental State Examination in Late Nonagenarians and Its Relationship with Dementia, Mortality, and Education
Authors: Skoog Johan , Backman Kristoffer , Ribbe Mats , Falk Hanna , Gudmundsson Pia , Thorvaldsson Valgeir , Borjesson‐Hanson Anne , Ostling Svante , Johansson Boo , Skoog Ingmar 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesTo examine level of and change in cognitive status using the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) in relation to dementia, mortality, education, and sex in late nonagenarians.DesignThree‐year longitudinal study with examinations at ages 97, 99, and 100.SettingTrained psychiatric research nurses examined participants at their place of living.ParticipantsA representative population‐based sample of 97‐year‐old Swedes (N = 591; 107 men, 484 women) living in Gothenburg, Sweden.MeasurementsA Swedish version of the MMSE was used to measure cognitive status. Geriatric psychiatrists diagnosed dementia according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised. Mixed models were fitted to the data to model the longitudinal relationship between MMSE score and explanatory variables.ResultsIndividuals with dementia between age 97 and 100 had lower mean MMSE scores than those without dementia. Those who died during the 3‐year follow‐up had lower MMSE scores than those who survived. MMSE scores at baseline did not differ between those without dementia and those who developed dementia during the 3‐year follow‐up. Participants with more education had higher MMSE scores, but there was no association between education and linear change.ConclusionMMSE score is associated with dementia and subsequent mortality even in very old individuals, although the preclinical phase of dementia may be short in older age. Level of education is positively associated with MMSE score but not rate of decline in individuals approaching age 100.
The three‐finger toxin fold: a multifunctional structural scaffold able to modulate cholinergic functions
Authors: Kessler Pascal , Marchot Pascale , Silva Marcela , Servent Denis 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThree‐finger fold toxins are miniproteins frequently found in Elapidae snake venoms. This fold is characterized by three distinct loops rich in β‐strands and emerging from a dense, globular core reticulated by four highly conserved disulfide bridges. The number and diversity of receptors, channels, and enzymes identified as targets of three‐finger fold toxins is increasing continuously. Such manifold diversity highlights the specific adaptability of this fold for generating pleiotropic functions. Although this toxin superfamily disturbs many biological functions by interacting with a large diversity of molecular targets, the most significant target is the cholinergic system. By blocking the activity of the nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors or by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, three‐finger fold toxins interfere most drastically with neuromuscular junction functioning. Several of these toxins have become powerful pharmacological tools for studying the function and structure of their molecular targets. Most importantly, since dysfunction of these receptors/enzyme is involved in many diseases, exploiting the three‐finger scaffold to create novel, highly specific therapeutic agents may represent a major future endeavor.This is an article for the special issue XVth International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms.
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