bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric circulation patterns explaining climatological drought dynamics in the boreal environment of Finland, 1962–2011
Authors: Irannezhad Masoud , Ahmadi Behzad , Kløve Bjørn , Moradkhani Hamid 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the atmospheric circulation patterns (ACPs) influencing drought development is important in management of this spatially extensive and recurrently prolonged natural hazard. Using the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), this study evaluates the spatio‐temporal variability in climatological drought dynamics (in terms of intensity, frequency, duration, and extension) in Finland in 1962–2011. The SPEI values are calculated in 12‐, 3‐, and 1‐month time steps (SPEI‐12, ‐3, and ‐1, respectively) and the analyses are based on annual (SPEI‐12Ann), seasonal (e.g. SPEI‐3Win for winter), and monthly (e.g. SPEI‐1Dec for December) time scales. The relationships between SPEI values and well‐known ACPs of climate variability over Finland are also investigated. Our analysis shows that on national scale, the longest observed drought is 12 months (October 2002–September 2003) observed in SPEI‐12 values. Droughts intensify in April, August, and September, and largely occur over the south, centre, east, and west of Finland. December has the highest frequency of droughts, but with significant wetting trends. Analysis of annual SPEI‐12 indicates an increase in the probability of drought extent over time. In warm months (April–September), influential ACPs for temperature variability and drought conditions are mainly the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and the Scandinavia pattern. For the cold months (October–March), the AO, the North Atlantic Oscillation, the East Atlantic, and the Polar patterns influence precipitation deficit and SPEI. Although Finland has experienced wetting trends during the period 1962–2011, this study provides a detailed spatial assessment of climatological drought variability and the plausible atmospheric circulation drivers for the boreal environment of Finland in recent decades.
Impacts of uncertainty in land surface information on simulated surface temperature and precipitation over China
Authors: He J. J. , Yu Y. , Yu L. J. , Liu N. , Zhao S. P. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThis study mainly focuses on the effects of uncertainty in land surface information on mesoscale numerical simulation. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model was used to simulate meteorological fields over China at a spatial resolution of 10 km during 2006. Near‐surface temperature and precipitation values obtained fromWRFwere evaluated using site observations. The effects of accurate and updated land surface information, including Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data, Moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) land use data, vegetation fraction derived fromMODISnormalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and Harmonized World Soil Database (HWSD) data (LASTsimulation), onWRF's performance were investigated by comparison with a simulation using the default land surface information (BASEsimulation).WRFreproduced the temporal and spatial variations of near‐surface temperature and precipitation over China accurately, although its performance varied significantly by season and region.WRFunderestimated near‐surface temperatures in most areas of the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau, the Tibetan Plateau, the Northeast Plain, and the southeastern coastal regions, but temperatures were overestimated in most areas of the North China Plain, the Loess Plateau, Sichuan Basin, and western Xinjiang.WRFoverestimated (underestimated) precipitation in most humid (arid) areas. A positive (negative) bias in simulated precipitation is found in summer (winter). With updated land surface information,WRF's performance in terms of both daily average values and extremes improved, and the root mean squared error values for daily mean temperature and daily accumulated precipitation decreased by 7 and 2.3%. These improvements are significant for temperature, but not significant for precipitation. The uncertainty in land surface information has a greater influence on temperature than on precipitation. These findings are very important for weather forecasting and studies involving climatological analyses covering East Asia.
Anti‐fatigue activity of sea cucumber peptides prepared from Stichopus japonicus in an endurance swimming rat model
Authors: Ye Jing , Shen Caihong , Huang Yayan , Zhang Xueqin , Xiao Meitian 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDSea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) is a well‐known nutritious and luxurious seafood in Asia which has attracted increasing attention because of its nutrition and bioactivities in recent years. In this study, the anti‐fatigue activity of sea cucumber peptides (SCP) prepared from S. japonicus was evaluated in a load‐induced endurance swimming model.RESULTSThe SCP prepared in this study was mainly made up of low‐molecular‐weight peptides (<2 kDa). The analysis result of amino acid composition revealed that SCP was rich in glycine, glutamic acid and proline. The endurance capability of rats to fatigue was significantly improved by SCP treatment. Meanwhile, the remarkable alterations of energy metabolic markers, antioxidant enzymes, antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress biomarkers were normalized. Moreover, administration of SCP could modulate alterations of inflammatory cytokines and downregulate the overexpression of TRL4 and NF‐κB.CONCLUSIONSCP has anti‐fatigue activity and it exerted its anti‐fatigue effect probably through normalizing energy metabolism as well as alleviating oxidative damage and inflammatory responses. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Cosmetic outcome and quality of life are inextricably linked in breast‐conserving therapy
Authors: Volders José H. , Negenborn Vera L. , Haloua Max H. , Krekel Nicole M. A. , Jóźwiak Katarzyna , Meijer Sybren , M. van den Tol Petrousjka 
Published: March 2017

IntroductionCosmetic results and quality of life (QoL) are increasingly important in the treatment of breast cancer. This study was designed to determine the relationship between QoL and both subjectively and objectively measured cosmetic outcomes of breast‐conserving therapy (BCT), and its course over time.MethodsA total of 128 breast cancer patients who underwent BCT as part of a prospective randomized controlled trial were included. QoL was measured using the EORTC QLQ‐C30 and QLQ‐BR23 at baseline, 3, 6, 12, and 36 months. Cosmetic outcome was determined by patient self‐evaluation, panel evaluation, and BCCT.core software.ResultsBy 36 months, all QoL factors except arm symptoms had returned to baseline or improved. After adjustment for patient and tumor characteristics, a significantly better QoL in terms of body image, pain, and arm and breast symptoms was found for good/excellent cosmetic outcomes compared to fair/poor outcomes, as measured by both patient self‐evaluation and panel evaluation. The BCCT.core showed no correlation with any QoL factors.ConclusionThere is a high correlation between poor cosmetic outcome and low scores on quality of life indicators, underlining the importance of achieving a good cosmetic outcome after BCT.
Light absorption by phytoplankton in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
Authors: Letelier Ricardo M. , White Angelicque E. , Bidigare Robert R. , Barone Benedetto , Church Matthew J. , Karl David M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTo constrain the energy fueling photosynthesis in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG) we characterize the variability of phytoplankton absorption spectra in conjunction with that of the light field at Station ALOHA (22°45′N, 158°00′W). Furthermore, we decompose the phytoplankton absorption into photosynthetic and photoprotective components based on high‐performance liquid chromatography pigment analysis. Between January 2006 and December 2012 the variability in chlorophyll‐specific absorption (
) above the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) layer was driven by changes in photoprotective carotenoid concentrations while the chlorophyll‐specific absorption of photosynthetic pigments (
) remained nearly constant with a mean (± SD) value of 0.008 ± 0.001 m2 (mg chl a)−1. In contrast, below the DCM layer changes in
resulted from increases in the relative contribution of photosynthetic pigments with depth, suggesting that the constancy in
above the DCM layer is controlled by nutrient limitation. While the daily photon fluxes absorbed by photosynthetic pigments in the upper 45 m did not vary at a seasonal scale, averaging 0.45 ± 0.12 mol quanta m−2 d−1 in winter and 0.46 ± 0.10 mol quanta m−2 d−1 in summer, when integrated over the upper 200 m these fluxes ranged from 0.64 ± 0.16 to 0.79 ± 0.19 mol quanta m−2 d−1 in winter and summer, respectively. Based on the rate of photons trapped by the photosynthetic pigments and on the seasonal euphotic zone depth integrated gross O2 evolution rates derived from
in situ incubations we estimate a mean photosynthetic yield of ∼0.1 mol O2 evolved per mol quanta absorbed by photosynthetic pigments.
Non‐paraxial polarization spatio‐temporal coupling in ultrafast laser material processing
Authors: Patel Aabid , Tikhonchuk Vladmir T. , Zhang Jingyu , Kazansky Peter G. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTwo hundred years after Malus' discovery of optical anisotropy, the study of polarization‐driven optical effects is as active as ever, generating interest in new phenomena and potential applications. However, in ultrafast optics, the influence of polarization is frequently overlooked being considered as either detrimental or negligible. Here we demonstrate that spatio‐temporal couplings, which are inherent for ultrafast laser systems with chirped‐pulse amplification, accumulate in multi‐pulse irradiation and lead to a strongly anisotropic light‐matter interaction. Our results identify angular dispersion in the focus as the origin for the polarization dependence in modification, yielding an increase in modification strength. With tight focusing (NA ≥ ∼0.4), this non‐paraxial effect leads to a manifestation of spatio‐temporal couplings in photo‐induced modification. We devise a practical way to control the polarization dependence and exploit it as a new degree of freedom in tailoring laser‐induced modification in transparent material. A near‐focus, non‐paraxial field structure analysis of an optical beam provides insight on the origin of the polarization dependent modification. However, single pulse non‐paraxial corrected calculations are not sufficient to explain the phenomena confirming the experimental observations and exemplifying the need for multi‐pulse analysis.
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Electrogenic Single‐Species Biocomposites as Anodes for Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: Kaiser Patrick , Reich Steffen , Leykam Daniel , Willert‐Porada Monika , Greiner Andreas , Freitag Ruth 
Published: March 2017

Integration of electrogenic microorganisms remains a challenge in biofuel cell technology. Here, synthetic biocomposites (“artificial biofilms”) are proposed. Bacteria (Shewanella oneidensis) are embedded in a hydrogel matrix (poly(vinyl alcohol)) via wet‐ and electrospinning, creating fibers and nonwoven gauzes. The bacteria remain viable and metabolically active. The performance is compared to S. oneidensis suspension cultures and “natural” biofilms. While lower than with the suspension cultures, the power output from the fuel cells with the artificial biofilms is higher than with the natural one. Handling, reproducibility, and stability are also better. Artificial biofilms can therefore contribute to resolving fundamental issues of design, scale up, and monosepsis in biofuel cell technology.
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Three‐dimensional oxygen‐enhanced MRI of the human lung at 1.5T with ultra‐fast balanced steady‐state free precession
Authors: Pusterla Orso , Bauman Grzegorz , Bieri Oliver 
Published: March 2017

PurposeTo assess the feasibility of 3D oxygen‐enhanced (OE) MRI of the lung at 1.5T using multi‐volumetric ultra‐fast balanced steady‐state free precession (ufSSFP) acquisitions.MethodsIsotropic imaging of the lung for OE‐MRI was performed with an adapted 3D ufSSFP sequence using five breath‐hold acquisitions ranging from functional residual capacity to tidal inspiration under both normoxic (room air) and hyperoxic (100% O2) gas conditions. For each O2 concentration, a sponge model (which captures the parenchymal signal intensity variation as a function of the lung volume) was fitted to the acquired multi‐volumetric datasets after semiautomatic lung segmentation and deformable image registration. From the retrieved model parameters, 3D oxygen‐enhancement maps were calculated.ResultsFor OE ufSSFP imaging, the maximum parenchymal signal is observed for flip angles around 23° under both normoxic and hyperoxic conditions. It is found that the sponge model accurately describes parenchymal signal at different breathing positions, thereby mitigating the confounding bias in the estimated oxygen enhancement from residual density modulations. From the model, an average lung oxygen enhancement of 7.0% ± 0.3% was found in the healthy volunteers, and the oxygen‐enhancement maps indicate a ventral to dorsal gravitation‐related gradient.ConclusionThe study demonstrates the feasibility of whole‐lung OE‐MRI from multi‐volumetric ufSSFP in healthy volunteers. Magn Reson Med 79:246–255, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Metalate‐Mediated Functionalization of P4 by Trapping Anionic [Cp*Fe(CO)2(η1‐P4)]− with Lewis Acids
Authors: Borger Jaap E. , Jongkind Maarten K. , Ehlers Andreas W. , Lutz Martin , Slootweg J. Chris , Lammertsma Koop 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe development of selective functionalization strategies of white phosphorus (P4) is important to avoid the current chlorinated intermediates. The use of transition metals (TMs) could lead to catalytic procedures, but these are severely hampered by the high reactivity and unpredictable nature of the tetrahedron. Herein, we report selective first steps by reacting P4 with a metal anion [Cp*Fe(CO)2]− (Cp*=C5(CH3)5), which, in the presence of bulky Lewis acids (LA; B(C6F5)3 or BPh3), leads to unique TM‐substituted LA‐stabilized bicyclo[1.1.0]tetraphosphabutanide anions [Cp*Fe(CO)2(η1‐P4⋅LA)]−. Their P‐nucleophilic site can be subsequently protonated to afford the transient LA‐free neutral butterflies exo,endo‐ and exo,exo‐Cp*Fe‐ (CO)2(η1‐P4H), allowing controllable stepwise metalate‐mediated functionalization of P4.
TiO2 nanoparticles/poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) bionanocomposite films for packaging applications
Authors: Venkatesan Raja , Rajeswari Natesan 
Published: March 2017

In this present study, biodegradable PBAT nanocomposites containing different weight percentages (1, 3, 5, 7, and 10% w/w) of TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by using solvent casting technique, chloroform as a solvent. The microstructure and morphology of the as‐synthesized poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT)/TiO2 nanocomposite films were characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscope. The thermal degradation of PBAT composites was studied by using thermogravimetric analysis. The mechanical strength of the films was improved by increasing TiO2 concentration. Tensile strength increased from 32.60 to 63.26 MPa, respectively. Barrier properties of the PBAT/TiO2 nanocomposites were investigated by using an oxygen permeability tester. The oxygen permeability (oxygen transmission rate) decreased with increasing the TiO2 nanoparticle concentrations. The PBAT/TiO2 nanocomposite films showed profound antimicrobial activity against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative foodborne pathogenic bacteria, namely, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, to understand to the zone of inhibition. These results indicated that filler–polymer interaction is important and the role of the TiO2 as a reinforcement in the nanocomposites was evident. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TET2 mutations in B cells of patients affected by angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Schwartz Friederike H , Cai Qian , Fellmann Eva , Hartmann Sylvia , Mäyränpää Mikko I , Karjalainen‐Lindsberg Marja‐Liisa , Sundström Christer , Scholtysik René , Hansmann Martin‐Leo , Küppers Ralf 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAngioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphomas (AITLs) frequently carry mutations in the TET2 and IDH2 genes. TET2 mutations represent early genetic lesions as they had already been detected in haematopoietic precursor cells of AITL patients. We show by analysis of whole‐tissue sections and microdissected PD1+ cells that the frequency of TET2‐mutated AITL is presumably even higher than reported (12/13 cases in our collection; 92%). In two‐thirds of informative AITLs (6/9), a fraction of B cells was also TET2‐mutated. Investigation of four AITLs by TET2 and IGHV gene sequencing of single microdissected B cells showed that between 10% and 60% of polyclonal B cells in AITL lymph nodes harboured the identical TET2 mutations of the respective T‐cell lymphoma clone. Thus, TET2‐mutated haematopoietic precursor cells in AITL patients not only give rise to the T‐cell lymphoma but also generate a large population of mutated mature B cells. Future studies will show whether this is a reason why AITL patients frequently also develop B‐cell lymphomas. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultra‐Performance Liquid Chromatography Hyphenated with Quadrupole‐Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry for Simultaneous Determination of Necine‐Core‐Structure Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Crotalaria sessiliflora L. without all Corresponding Standards
Authors: Zhang Wei , Huai Wenbei , Zhang Yi , Shen Jincan , Tang Xunyou , Xie Xiujuan , Wang Ke , Fan Huajun 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroductionCrotalaria sessiliflora L. is a Chinese traditional herb for treatment of cutaneum carcinoma and cervical carcinoma. In addition to monocrotaline, coexisting pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) also require further quantification for quality control and pharmaceutical uses of the herb.ObjectiveTo establish a UPLC‐Q‐Orbitrap/MS method of simultaneous determination of coexisting PAs with same parent structure for quality control and comprehensive researches of Crotalaria sessiliflora L.MethodologyPAs in Crotalaria sessiliflora L. were analysed by UPLC‐Q‐Orbitrap/MS method. Coexisting PAs were identified by mass data of full MS‐dd‐MS2 based on the characteristic fragmentation pattern and necine‐core structure. Moreover, quantification of PAs was conducted by parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) mode using m/z 138, m/z 120 and m/z 94 from identical necine‐core structure as quantitative ions with single monocrotaline standard for accurate calibration.ResultsFive PAs, named monocrotaline, retrorsine, senecionine, integerrimine, O‐9‐angeloylretronecine, were indentified and confirmed. Quantitative ions of m/z 138, m/z 120 and m/z 94 were used for quantification of PAs containing the necine‐core structure in Crotalaria sessiliflora L. The results demonstrated that contents, precision and recoveries of the five PAs mentioned earlier were respectively 3.307–30.35 μg/g, 1.1–4.5% and 88.91–92.33% while using m/z 120 as the best quantitative ion.ConclusionThe UPLC‐Q‐Orbitrap/MS method was established for simultaneous determination of five PAs in Crotalaria sessiliflora L. without all corresponding standards, and was proved that it was simple, convenient and effective for comprehensive quality control and pharmaceutical uses. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of novel copper nanoparticles/ternary polymer blend nanocomposites and their structural, thermal and rheological properties and AC impedance
Authors: Khalil Uzma , Haider Sajjad , Saleem Khan Muhammad , Haider Adnan , Khan Rawaiz , Alghyamah Abdulaziz A , Almasry Waheed A , Bououdina Mohamed 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCopper nanoparticles (Cu NPs)/ternary polymer blend nanocomposites were synthesized via a solution‐casting technique. The nanocomposites were studied for their structural, thermal, rheological and electric properties. Scanning electron micrographs and atomic force micrographs showed no phase separation between the polymers, a narrow size distribution of Cu NPs (in the range 25–43 nm) and good dispersion of Cu NPs in the polymer matrix. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis confirmed the presences of Cu in the matrix. X‐ray diffraction data showed a characteristic face‐centred cubic architecture for Cu unit cell and interaction of the Cu NPs with oxygen‐carrying polymers. Thermogravimetric analysis showed an increase in the degradation temperature (from 254 to 268 °C) and three‐step degradation of the nanocomposites. Rheological analysis showed an increase in the complex viscosities and storage modulus for the nanocomposites. AC impedance studies showed increased ionic conductivities and decreased bulk resistance for the nanocomposites. All these studies suggested interactions between Cu NPs and polymer matrix and the formation of a network structure. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Sulfated hyaluronan attenuates inflammatory signaling pathways in macrophages involving induction of antioxidants
Authors: Jouy Florent , Lohmann Nadine , Wandel Elke , Ruiz‐Gómez Gloria , Pisabarro M. Teresa , Beck‐Sickinger Annette G. , Schnabelrauch Matthias , Möller Stephanie , Simon Jan C. , Kalkhof Stefan , von Bergen Martin , Franz Sandra 
Published: March 2017

It is well recognized that high molecular weight hyaluronan (H‐HA) exerts potent anti‐inflammatory effects while its fragmentation into low molecular weight HA (L‐HA) is discussed to promote inflammation. Chemical modification of HA with sulfate groups has been shown to foster its anti‐inflammatory activity which seems to be maintained in sulfated low molecular weight HA derivatives (sL‐HA). However, the molecular mechanisms by which sL‐HA produces its anti‐inflammatory activity are not understood. In this study, we used global quantitative proteomics combined with targeted analysis of key proteins to characterize the effect of sL‐HA on fully differentiated human inflammatory macrophages (iMФ). Culture of iMФ with sL‐HA did not affect cell viability but resulted in a reduced pro‐inflammatory cytokine response of iMФ after activation indicating a profound counter‐regulation of their initial inflammatory phenotype. Rapid internalization of sL‐HA involving CD44 and scavenger receptors was observed. Furthermore, an upregulation of the antioxidants SOD2 and SOD3 was found while no oxidative stress was induced. Consequently, activity of transcription factors for inflammatory gene expression was downregulated in iMФ with sL‐HA after activation whereas anti‐inflammatory proteins were induced.This study proves anti‐inflammatory properties of sL‐HA and provides information on its regulatory mode of action on iMФ.