bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of lateral confinement in natural and leveed reaches of a gravel‐bed river: Snake River, Wyoming, USA
Authors: Leonard Christina , Legleiter Carl , Overstreet Brandon 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis study examined the effects of natural and anthropogenic changes in confining margin width by applying remote sensing techniques – fusing LiDAR topography with image‐derived bathymetry – over a large spatial extent: 58 km of the Snake River, Wyoming, USA. Fused digital elevation models from 2007 and 2012 were differenced to quantify changes in the volume of stored sediment, develop morphological sediment budgets, and infer spatial gradients in bed material transport. Our study spanned two similar reaches that were subject to different controls on confining margin width: natural terraces versus artificial levees. Channel planform in reaches with similar slope and confining margin width differed depending on whether the margins were natural or anthropogenic. The effects of tributaries also differed between the two reaches. Generally, the natural reach featured greater confining margin widths and was depositional, whereas artificial lateral constriction in the leveed reach produced a sediment budget that was closer to balanced. Although our remote sensing methods provided topographic data over a large area, net volumetric changes were not statistically significant due to the uncertainty associated with bed elevation estimates. We therefore focused on along‐channel spatial differences in bed material transport rather than absolute volumes of sediment. To complement indirect estimates of sediment transport derived by morphological sediment budgeting, we collected field data on bed mobility through a tracer study. Surface and subsurface grain size measurements were combined with bed mobility observations to calculate armoring and dimensionless sediment transport ratios, which indicated that sediment supply exceeded transport capacity in the natural reach and vice versa in the leveed reach. We hypothesize that constriction by levees induced an initial phase of incision and bed armoring. Because levees prevented bank erosion, the channel excavated sediment by migrating rapidly across the restricted braidplain and eroding bars and islands. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Melanocortin 4 Receptor Activation Attenuates Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Skeletal Muscle of Diabetic Rats
Authors: Zhang Hao‐Hao , Liu Jiao , Qin Gui‐Jun , Li Xia‐Lian , Du Pei‐Jie , Hao Xiao , Zhao Di , Tian Tian , Wu Jing , Yun Meng , Bai Yan‐Hui 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTA previous study has confirmed that the central melanocortin system was able to mediate skeletal muscle AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation in mice fed a high‐fat diet, while activation of the AMPK signaling pathway significantly induced mitochondrial biogenesis. Our hypothesis was that melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) was involved in the development of skeletal muscle injury in diabetic rats. In this study, we treated diabetic rats intracerebroventricularly with MC4R agonist R027‐3225 or antagonist SHU9119, respectively. Then, we measured the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH), the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content and mitochondrial biogenesis, and the protein levels of p‐AMPK, AMPK, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma coactivator 1α (PGC‐1α), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in the skeletal muscle of diabetic rats. The results showed that there was significant skeletal muscle injury in the diabetic rats along with serious oxidative stress and decreased mitochondrial biogenesis. Treatment with R027‐3225 reduced oxidative stress and induced mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle, and also activated the AMPK‐SIRT1‐PGC‐1α signaling pathway. However, diabetic rats injected with MC4R antagonist SHU9119 showed an aggravated oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle. In conclusion, our results revealed that MC4R activation was able to attenuate oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle induced by diabetes partially through activating the AMPK‐SIRT1‐PGC‐1α signaling pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4072–4079, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Osajin Inhibits Solar UV‐Induced Cyclooxygenase‐2 Expression Through Direct Inhibition of RSK2
Authors: Kim Jong‐Eun , Heo Yong‐Seok , Lee Ki Won 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTSolar ultraviolet light (sUV) has been shown to promote the development of skin disorders including inflammation, photoaging, and skin carcinogenesis. Osajin is the major bioactive isoflavone present in the fruit of Maclura pomifera, commonly referred to as the Osage orange. In this study, we observed that osajin inhibited sUV‐induced cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 protein expression in both HaCaT and JB6 cells. COX‐2 is a major mediator of skin inflammation. sUV activated the transcription factors nuclear factor‐κB and activator protein‐1 which, in turn, induces COX‐2 expression. Osajin inhibited transactivation of these transcription factors. We identified RSK2 as an inhibitory target of osajin by screening against 68 kinases related to inflammation. Osajin binds with RSK2 directly in an ATP‐competitive manner. Computer modeling simulated a plausible binding orientation between osajin and RSK2. Osajin inhibited sUV‐induced phosphorylation of histone H3, a substrate of RSK2. However, sUV‐induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinases, p38 kinase, c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase and Akt, which are signaling factors upstream of RSK2, was unchanged in the presence of osajin. The anti‐inflammatory effects and molecular mechanism of osajin suggest that it may have utility as a functional food for skin health and cosmetic ingredient. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4080–4087, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Molecular Docking and Dynamics Approach to Screen Potent Inhibitors Against Fosfomycin Resistant Enzyme in Clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Thirumal Kumar D. , Lavanya P. , George Priya Doss C. , Tayubi Iftikhar Aslam , Naveen Kumar D. R , Francis Yesurajan I. , Siva R. , Balaji V. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTKlebsiella pneumoniae, BA6753 was cultured from a patient in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory of Christian Medical College. K. pneumoniae, BA6753 has a multidrug resistance plasmid encoding novel FosA variant‐7, fosfomycin resistance enzyme. Minimal side effects and a wide range of bactericidal activity of fosfomycin have resulted in its expanded clinical use that prompts the rise of fosfomycin‐resistant strains. At present, there are no effective inhibitors available to conflict the FosA‐medicated fosfomycin resistance. To develop effective FosA inhibitors, it is crucial to understand the structural and dynamic properties of resistance enzymes. Hence, the present study focuses on the identification of potent inhibitors that can effectively bind to the fosfomycin resistance enzyme, thus predispose the target to inactivate by the second antibiotic. Initially, a series of active compounds were screened against the resistant enzyme, and the binding affinities were confirmed using docking simulation analysis. For efficient activity, the binding affinity of the resistance enzyme ought to be high with the inhibitor than the fosfomycin drug. Consequently, the enzyme‐ligand complex which showed higher binding affinity than the fosfomycin was employed for subsequent analysis. The stability of the top scoring enzyme‐ligand complex was further validated using molecular dynamics simulation studies. On the whole, we presume that the compound 19583672 demonstrates a higher binding affinity for the resistance enzyme comparing to other compounds and fosfomycin. We believe that further enhancement of the lead compound can serve as a potential inhibitor against resistance enzyme in drug discovery process. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4088–4094, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Trends in immediate breast reconstruction and early complication rates among older women: A big data analysis
Authors: Kamali Parisa , Curiel Daniel , van Veldhuisen Charlotte L. , Bucknor Alexandra E.M. , Lee Bernard T. , Rakhorst Hinne A. , Lin Samuel J. 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundAlthough approximately 57% of breast cancer (BC) diagnoses are in older patients (>60 years), only 4.1‐14% receives breast reconstruction (BR). This has been attributed to physician concerns about operative complications. This paper aims to: 1) analyze the 30‐day complication rates in the older patient population undergoing immediate breast reconstruction (IBR); and 2) analyze links between complication type and category of reconstruction.MethodsUsing the ACS‐NSQIP database (2005‐2014), all women older than 60 years of age diagnosed with BC and DCIS were identified. IBR and complication rates were plotted for all ages. Patients were divided into those with and those without complications. Patient demographics and co‐morbidities were compared. Complications within each type of reconstruction were analyzed.ResultsOf the 4450 BC and 1104 DCIS patients, 22.3% (BC) and 20.9% (DCIS) had complications. IBR decreased significantly with increased age (P < 0.00 in both cohorts), while complication rates remained stable across all ages (P = 0.32 in BC, P = 0.69 in DCIS patients). Patients were well matched in terms of demographics.ConclusionsThe rates of breast reconstruction decrease with increasing age. Despite increasing age, associated complication rates in IBR patients remained stable.
Clinical accuracy of preoperative breast MRI for breast cancer
Authors: Tseng Jennifer , Kyrillos Alexandra , Liederbach Erik , Spear Georgia G. , Ecanow Jacob , Wang Chi‐Hsiung , Czechura Tom , Kantor Olga , Miller Megan , Winchester David J. , Pesce Catherine E. , Rabbitt Sarah , Yao Katharine 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundIt is unclear if breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is more accurate than mammography (MGM) and ultrasound (U/S) in aggregate for patients with invasive cancer.MethodsWe compared concordance of combined tumor size and tumor foci between MRI and MGM and U/S combined to pathological tumor size and foci as the gold standard from 2009 to 2015. Tumor size was nonconcordant if it differed from the pathologic size by ≥33% and tumor foci was nonconcordant if >1 foci were seen. If one or both of the MGM or U/S was nonconcordant and the MRI was concordant, MRI provided greater accuracy.ResultsOf 471 patients with MGM, US, and MRI, MRI was more accurate for 32.9% of patients for tumor size and for 21.9% for tumor foci. Patients for whom MRI had greater accuracy were compared to those who did not for clinical and tumor factors. The only significant factor was calcifications on mammography. Tumor size, stage, molecular subtype, histology, grade, patient BMI, age, mammographic density, and use of hormone replacement therapy were not significantly different.ConclusionsBreast MRI provides greater accuracy for a third of patients undergoing preoperative MGM and U/S. Mammographic calcifications were associated with MRI clinical accuracy for patients with invasive cancer.
Influence of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on resection of primary colorectal liver metastases: A propensity score analysis
Authors: Strowitzki Moritz J. , Schmidt Thomas , Keppler Ulrich , Ritter Alina S. , Mahmoud Sarah , Klose Johannes , Mihaljevic André L. , Schneider Martin , Büchler Markus W. , Ulrich Alexis B. 
Published: April 2017

Background and ObjectivesThere is ongoing debate about whether patients planned for liver resection of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC). Therefore, we performed a retrospective survival analysis of patients with and without NC prior to surgery.MethodsData prospectively collected from 468 consecutive patients were analyzed in a retrospective design. We performed a survival analysis and added propensity score matching (PSM). Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to determine independent prognostic risk factors.ResultsNC was performed in 145/468 patients. NC did not have a significant influence on overall survival (OS) either before or after PSM. Patients receiving NC showed increased complication rates, especially concerning non‐surgical complications after primary resection (P = 0.025) of CRLM. Multivariate analysis before and after PSM revealed that the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) score and CEA values are strong predictors for OS in patients with CRLM.ConclusionsNC was not associated with increased OS in patients suffering from CRLM. Additionally, potentially harmful chemotherapy prior to surgery increases the risk of postoperative complications in these patients.
Postoperative complications affect long‐term outcomes after cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis
Authors: Lee Lawrence , Alie‐Cusson Fanny , Dubé Pierre , Sideris Lucas 
Published: April 2017

Background and ObjectivesMorbidity after cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS + HIPEC) for colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) may negatively affect survival. The objective was to determine the impact of postoperative complications (CX) on survival in patients undergoing CRS + HIPEC for colorectal PC.MethodsAll patients undergoing laparotomy for planned CRS + HIPEC for colorectal PC at a single institution from 1999 to 2014 were included. Patients were divided into three groups: CRS + HIPEC without CX (+HIPEC−CX); CRS + HIPEC with postoperative complication (+HIPEC + CX); and aborted CRS and HIPEC due to unresectable disease (−HIPEC). Postoperative morbidity were defined as Clavien II+ complications. Kaplan‐Meier survival analyses and multivariable Cox proportional hazard modeling were used to describe the disease‐free (DFS) and overall survival (OS).ResultsOne hundred and twenty‐two patients were included in the analysis (50 +HIPEC − CX, 40 +HIPEC + CX, 32‐HIPEC). Overall complication rate was 42%. OS at 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐years in patients undergoing successful CRS + HIPEC were 97%, 67%, and 45%. CX after successful CRS + HIPEC was independently associated with worsened OS (HR1.58, 95%CI, 1.19‐1.97) but not DFS (HR1.11, 95%CI, 0.56‐2.20). PCI also independently predicted worsened DFS (HR1.12, 95%CI, 1.06‐1.18) and OS (HR1.08, 95%CI, 1.04‐1.12). Patients with unresectable disease had significantly worse OS (HR6.50, 95%CI, 1.37‐7.01).ConclusionsCX after CRS + HIPEC significantly affect OS. Patient selection and perioperative care are of paramount importance in the management of CRS + HIPEC for colorectal PC.
Understanding the functionality of lipid‐based materials under large‐amplitude nonlinear deformations
Authors: Macias‐Rodriguez Braulio A. , Marangoni Alejandro G. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryLipid‐based materials meet many functions such as oil binding, lubricity and rheology. In this article, we focus on their rheological function, specifically in nonlinear viscoelastic properties, which we characterize using a novel approach known as large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS). We summarize recent works on this area and show that this technique has potential for providing invaluable insights into the functionality and perception of lipid‐based materials during their application process.
Comparing catheter‐related bloodstream infections in pediatric and adult cancer patients
Authors: Zakhour Ramia , Hachem Ray , Alawami Hussain M. , Jiang Ying , Michael Majd , Chaftari Anne‐Marie , Raad Issam 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveCentral venous catheters (CVCs) are essential to treatment of children with cancer. There are no studies comparing catheter‐related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) in pediatric cancer patients to those in adults, although current guidelines for management of CRBSI do not give separate guidelines for the pediatric population. In this study, we compared CRBSIs in both the pediatric and adult cancer population.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of 92 pediatric and 156 adult patients with CRBSI cared for at MD Anderson Cancer Center between September 2005 and March 2014.ResultsWe evaluated 248 patients with CRBSI. There was a significant difference in etiology of CRBSI between pediatric and adult patients (P = 0.002), with the former having less Gram‐negative organisms (27 vs. 46%) and more polymicrobial infections (10 vs. 1%, P = 0.003). Pediatric patients had less hematologic malignancies (58 vs. 74%) and less neutropenia at presentation (40 vs. 54%) when compared with adult patients. Peripheral blood cultures were available in only 43% of pediatric cases. CVC was removed in 64% of pediatric cases versus 88% of adult cases (P < 0.0001).ConclusionWe found higher rates of Gram‐negative organisms in adults and higher rates of polymicrobial in children. Because of the low rates of peripheral blood cultures and the low rates of CVC removal, CRBSI diagnosis could be challenging in pediatrics. A modified CRBSI definition relying more on clinical criteria may be warranted.
Failure of MIBG scan to detect metastases in SDHB‐mutated pediatric metastatic pheochromocytoma
Authors: Sait Sameer , Pandit‐Taskar Neeta , Modak Shakeel 
Published: April 2017

Abstract123I‐meta‐iodo benzyl guanidine (MIBG) scans are considered the gold standard imaging in neuroblastoma; however, flouro deoxy glucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) scans have increased sensitivity in adults with pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma. We describe a pediatric patient initially considered to have localized neuroblastoma based on anatomical imaging and 123I‐MIBG scan, but subsequent investigations revealed germline succinate dehydrogenase complex iron sulfur subunit B (SDHB) mutation–associated pheochromocytoma with multiple FDG‐avid skeletal metastases. We then compared 123I‐MIBG and FDG‐PET scans in children with metastatic pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma. FDG‐PET was superior to 123I‐MIBG scan for the detection of skeletal metastases (median number of skeletal lesions detected 10 [range 1–30] vs. 2 [range 1–26], respectively; P = 0.005 by t‐test). FDG‐PET should be considered the functional scan of choice in children with pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma.
Functional validation of the oncogenic cooperativity and targeting potential of tuberous sclerosis mutation in medulloblastoma using a MYC‐amplified model cell line
Authors: Henderson Jacob J. , Wagner Jacob P. , Hofmann Nicolle E. , Eide Christopher A. , Cho Yoon‐Jae , Druker Brian J. , Davare Monika A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMedulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor of childhood. To identify targetable vulnerabilities, we employed inhibitor screening that revealed mTOR inhibitor hypersensitivity in the MYC‐overexpressing medulloblastoma cell line, D341. Concomitant exome sequencing unveiled an uncharacterized missense mutation, TSC2A415V, in these cells. We biochemically demonstrate that the TSC2A415V mutation is functionally deleterious, leading to shortened half‐life and proteasome‐mediated protein degradation. These data suggest that MYC cooperates with activated kinase pathways, enabling pharmacologic intervention in these treatment refractory tumors. We propose that identification of activated kinase pathways may allow for tailoring targeted therapy to improve survival and treatment‐related morbidity in medulloblastoma.
Altered protein expression pattern in colon tissue of mice upon supplementation with distinct selenium compounds
Authors: Rahn Jette , Lennicke Claudia , Kipp Anna P. , Müller Andreas S. , Wessjohann Ludger A. , Lichtenfels Rudolf , Seliger Barbara 
Published: April 2017

The essential trace element selenium (Se) is controversially discussed concerning its role in health and disease. Its various physiological functions are largely mediated by Se incorporation in the catalytic center of selenoproteins. In order to gain insights into the impact of Se deficiency and of supplementation with different Se compounds (selenite, selenate, selenomethionine) at defined concentrations (recommended, 150 μg/kg diet; excessive, 750 μg/kg diet) in murine colon tissues, a 20‐week feeding experiment was performed followed by analysis of the protein expression pattern of colon tissue specimens by 2D‐DIGE and MALDI‐TOF MS. Using this approach, 24 protein spots were identified to be significantly regulated by the different Se compounds. These included the antioxidant enzyme peroxiredoxin‐5 (PRDX5), proteins with binding capabilities, such as cofilin‐1 (COF1), calmodulin, and annexin A2 (ANXA2), and proteins involved in catalytic processes, such as 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD). Furthermore, the Se compounds demonstrated a differential impact on the expression of the identified proteins. Selected target structures were validated by qPCR and Western blot which mainly confirmed the proteomic profiling data. Thus, novel Se‐regulated proteins in colon tissues have been identified, which expand our understanding of the physiologic role of Se in colon tissue.
Transcriptional regulatory networks underlying the reprogramming of spermatogonial stem cells to multipotent stem cells
Authors: Jeong Hoe-Su , Bhin Jinhyuk , Joon Kim Hyung , Hwang Daehee , Ryul Lee Dong , Kim Kye-Seong 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSpermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are germline stem cells located along the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules in testes. Recently, SSCs were shown to be reprogrammed into multipotent SSCs (mSSCs). However, both the key factors and biological networks underlying this reprogramming remain elusive. Here, we present transcriptional regulatory networks (TRNs) that control cellular processes related to the SSC-to-mSSC reprogramming. Previously, we established intermediate SSCs (iSSCs) undergoing the transition to mSSCs and generated gene expression profiles of SSCs, iSSCs and mSSCs. By comparing these profiles, we identified 2643 genes that were up-regulated during the reprogramming process and 15 key transcription factors (TFs) that regulate these genes. Using the TF-target relationships, we developed TRNs describing how these TFs regulate three pluripotency-related processes (cell proliferation, stem cell maintenance and epigenetic regulation) during the reprogramming. The TRNs showed that 4 of the 15 TFs (Oct4/Pou5f1, Cux1, Zfp143 and E2f4) regulated cell proliferation during the early stages of reprogramming, whereas 11 TFs (Oct4/Pou5f1, Foxm1, Cux1, Zfp143, Trp53, E2f4, Esrrb, Nfyb, Nanog, Sox2 and Klf4) regulated the three pluripotency-related processes during the late stages of reprogramming. Our TRNs provide a model for the temporally coordinated transcriptional regulation of pluripotency-related processes during the SSC-to-mSSC reprogramming, which can be further tested in detailed functional studies.