bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PAN, GLAHN OG JAGTVIDENSKABEN FRA ÆSOP TIL C(H)ORA
Authors: Dvergsdal Alvhild 
Published: April 2016

This article asserts that the character of Thomas Glahn in Pan should be understood as a sport hunter. The popularity of sport hunting increased in Norway in the second part of the 19th century, causing a public discussion on the ethics of this kind of hunting compared to hunting for survival. The article hypothesizes that Hamsun knew J. B. Barth's writings about the value of hunting and experiencing nature. In his “Afhandling om den Fornøielse, Menneskene finde i jagten” (1865), published for a second time around 20 years later, Barth defines the ethos of sport hunting, and argues that young men from the bourgeoisie class can gain important values and education from hunting. The article shows how the character of Glahn can be read as an example of Barth's view of the ideal hunter. However, in one important aspect, Glahn does not live up to the expectations that the reader in Hamsun’s time might have had about the ideal hunter. Barth claims that engaging in ethical sport hunting also improves the hunter’s mental health. Glahn obviously does not confirm this claim. The unfulfilled expectations on this matter provoke questions within the reader about Glahn’s mental health and recalls Hamsun’s early interest in the human mind in a modern world.
KNUT HAMSUN – STEMNINGSDIKTER
Authors: Nordøy Atle Tord 
Published: April 2016

In this essay I take a closer look at the Norwegian concept of stemning, and how this concept has been applied to Hamsun’s early work. I look at both the semantics and the history of the concept, and at Hamsun’s own use of it. The main insight of this investigation is that stemning is a concept that is not limited to subjective or objective experience, but must be understood outside of the object/subject dichotomy. These insights are then used in an analysis of Hamsun’s short story, ”Onde dage”, where I show that Hamsun is not trying to capture a subjective experience, but a common human reality.
HAMSUN OG TSJEKHOV – STILISTISK GJENKLANG. ERFARINGER FRA MITT VIRKE SOM OVERSETTER
Authors: Pankratova Eleonora 
Published: April 2016

The Norwegian term å gjendikte, meaning “to recreate”, is always my guiding principle while translating Norwegian literature into Russian. Intonation is a very important factor. For example in the earliest Hamsun novel, Bjørger (1878), it was very important for me to present a rural Norwegian atmosphere while avoiding incorrect associations and allusions and also bearing in mind strong cultural differences. While working with Hamsun’s Sværmere (1904), it was essential that I pay careful attention in conveying the right intonation and word choice, so that the reader could properly perceive the irony and humor of the novel. In many cases, the language of Chekhov, whose characters sometimes have typological resemblance to Hamsun’s, was a stylistic pattern for me. This article will use quotations from both authors to illustrate this stylistic resonance.
"... DET BESTE I DEN NORDNORSKE FORTELJARTRADISJONEN". Om Lars Bergs romaner – sammenliknet med Hamsuns
Authors: Wærp Henning Howlid 
Published: April 2016

This article uses a regional perspective to compare the novels of Lars Berg with Knut Hamsun’s novels set in northern Norway. What characterizes the northern Norwegian storytelling tradition, and is it possible to define it? In order to close in on this concept, this article focuses on certain aspects of setting, including: fishery, trade, language, and character.
Tunable double transparency windows induced by single subradiant element in coupled graphene plasmonic nanostructure
Authors: Hu Cheng , Wang Lingling , Lin Qi , Zhai Xiang , Ma Xiaoying , Han Tao , Du Jiang 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
We present the coupling-induced transparency (CIT) effect by employing the localized surface plasmon mode supported by a periodic array of graphene nanoribbons destructively interfering with the quasiguided mode supported by a single-layer graphene sheet. It is found that the resonance strength and linewidth are strongly dependent on the coupling distance. It is also shown that the degeneracy between the symmetric and antisymmetric quasiguided modes is lifted owing to the oblique incidence, resulting in the double CIT effect with an ultrahigh figure of merit (FOM) (as high as 271), which may provide potential applications in dynamic optical switching and biochemical sensing.
Business Ethics and Human Rights: An Overview
Authors: BRENKERT George G 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn the last several decades a diverse movement has emerged that seeks to extend the accountability for human rights beyond governments and states, to businesses. Though the view that business has human rights responsibilities has attracted a great deal of positive attention, this view continues to face many reservations and unresolved questions.Business ethicists have responded in a twofold manner. First, they have tried to formulate the general terms or frameworks within which the discussion might best proceed. Second, they have sought to answer several questions that these different frameworks pose: A. What are human rights and how justify one’s defence of them?; B. Who is responsible for human rights? What justifies their extension to business?; and C. What are the general features of business’s human rights responsibilities? Are they mandatory or voluntary? How are the specific human rights responsibilities of business to be determined?Within the limited space of this article, this article seeks to critically examine where the discussion of these issues presently stands and what has been the contribution of business ethicists.
Evaluating Access and Mobility within a New Model of Supported Housing for People with Neurotrauma: A Pilot Study
Authors: Callaway Libby , Tregloan Kate , Williams Gavin , Clark Ross 
Published: April 2016

Objectives: (1) Evaluate the features of purpose-built apartment living on access, environmental control, and home and community mobility of people living with neurotrauma and (2) Examine tenant perceptions of those features.Research design: Observational case series pilot study.Setting:Three apartments within a residential development in Melbourne, Australia.Participants:Three males (aged 30–55 years) with traumatic brain and/or spinal cord injury living in the three separate apartments.Method and procedures:Measures:Two-published measures of user experience of built and technology environments, coupled with customised interdisciplinary post-occupancy evaluation (POE) methods and GPS-enabled mobility tracking.Analysis:Measures completed per manual guidelines and data reported descriptively. Customised measured drawings produced to represent tenants’ physical access and mobility. GPS community mobility data plotted on Google Earth.Results: Built design features which enabled access and mobility included linear paths of travel, well-located furnishings, and joinery design that allowed approach from either side using a wheelchair. Personal home furnishing choices posed barriers to physical access. Home automation technologies positively influenced participants’ sense of control and independence, but posed learning challenges. Close proximity of housing to accessible public transport and services enabled community travel options.Conclusion: Findings from this pilot study indicate the combination of housing location, design and technologies used, together with availability of local community services, provides an acceptable level of environmental control, access, mobility and tenant experience. Further research is required to determine validity of the novel measures used, and deliver rigorous research design to evaluate those features most important in achieving optimal outcomes.
Rise of Marxist Classes
Authors: U Eddy 
Published: April 2016

AbstractHow did “capitalists”, “petty bourgeoisie”, and other class categories based on Marxist critiques of capitalism become highly visible in local society while communist regimes abolished capitalist institutions? Conventional approaches to class lack the necessary tools for unraveling such “Marxist classes”, let alone their impact on class formation in the common sociological sense. I use Weber, Foucault, and others (together with a study of the emergence of a “petty bourgeoisie” in a Chinese school system) to highlight the bureaucratic struggle of the state to classify everyone with a Marxist schema of classes. Spotlighted are “textual corroboration” and “workplace ascription” of class status, two everyday processes carried out by state representatives that normalized the class categories as well as muddied their boundaries. I contend that official conversion of jobholders into different kinds of predefined class subjects rendered any “class-in-itself” or “class-for-itself” virtually impossible. The conclusion suggests how further research on bureaucratic classification and Marxist classes can advance understanding of state-society relations under communism, especially in comparative terms.
THE RATIO OF CO2–C EMISSION TO GRAIN YIELD IN SUMMER MAIZE CULTIVATED UNDER DIFFERENT SOIL TILLAGE AND STRAW APPLICATION CONDITIONS
Authors: HAN HUI FANG , NING TANG YUAN , LI ZENG JIA , CAO HONG MING 
Published: April 2016

SUMMARYThe relationship between climate, crop growth and crop yield is complicated. This study aimed to determine the ratio of CO2–C emission to grain yield, the field treatments were initiated in 2003, but the measurements for this analysis were collected during the summer maize-growing seasons of 2011 and 2012 in the North China Plain. The experiment showed that conventional tillage with straw application significantly increased grain yield and the ratio of CO2–C emission to grain yield of summer maize. The mean soil CO2–C emission rate with no tillage was significantly lower than that when conventional tillage was used; however, straw application significantly increased the soil CO2–C emission rate, irrespective of whether tillage was performed or not. This was mainly because straw application changed the soil total porosity and organic carbon content. In conclusion, the results of this study support the hypothesis that the ratio of CO2–C emission to grain yield in the North China Plain can be increased by straw application, whereas no tillage decreases this ratio.
XVII.—On the Asymptotic Expansion of the Characteristic Numbers of the Mathieu Equation
Authors: Goldstein Sydney 
Published: April 2016

An asymptotic formula has recently been given for the characteristic numbers of the Mathieu equation From tabular values, it will be seen that the formula provides good numerical approximations to the characteristic numbers of integral order; but as pointed out by Ince, it provides better approximations to the characteristic numbers of order (m + ½), where m is a positive integer or zero. In this paper we shall first attempt to find out why this should be so, and then go on to show that the formula is probably an asymptotic expansion, in the Poincaré sense, for any characteristic number. A new asymptotic formula is then found for the difference between two characteristic numbers.
Integration of the normal power approximation
Authors: Berger Gottfried 
Published: April 2016

Consider the set of functions
Obviously, π1(x) represents the net premium of the excess cover over the priority x, and the variance thereof.If a distribution function F(x) = 1 − π0(x) is given, the set (1) can be generated by means of the recursion formulae
Let us study the special class of d.fs. F(x) which satisfy
where
If these conditions are met, the integrals (1) have the solution:
Aj(y) and Bj(y), respectively, are polynomials of rank jk and jk − 1. Their coefficients are determined by the equations:
The system (5) is obtained by differentiation of (4) with respect to y, and observing (2).
What Have We Learned? Coordination
Authors: Oyegbite Kayode 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper outlines each aspect of coordination as it relates to the responses made by various organizations in the disaster-affected areas. It is a synthesis of the presentations and discussions pertaining to coordination during the Conference, Health Aspects of the Tsunami Disaster in Asia, convened by the World Health Organization (WHO), in Phuket, Thailand, 04–06 May 2005. Coordination is defined, and two important questions are answered: (1) What coordination was done well?; and (2) What coordination could have been done better?.
Impact of Hurricane Sandy on the Staten Island University Hospital Emergency Department
Authors: Greenstein Josh , Chacko Jerel , Ardolic Brahim , Berwald Nicole 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIntroductionOn October 29, 2012, Hurricane Sandy touched down in New York City (NYC; New York USA) causing massive destruction, paralyzing the city, and destroying lives. Research has shown that considerable damage and loss of life can be averted in at-risk areas from advanced preparation in communication procedures, evacuation planning, and resource allocation. However, research is limited in describing how natural disasters of this magnitude affect emergency departments (EDs).Hypothesis/ProblemThe aim of this study was to identify and describe trends in patient volume and demographics, and types of conditions treated, as a result of Hurricane Sandy at Staten Island University Hospital North (SIUH-N; Staten Island, New York USA) site ED.MethodsA retrospective chart review of patients presenting to SIUH-N in the days surrounding the storm, October 26, 2012 through November 2, 2012, was completed. Data were compared to the same week of the year prior, October 28, 2011 through November 4, 2011. Daily census, patient age, gender, admission rates, mode of arrival, and diagnoses in the days surrounding the storm were observed.ResultsA significant decline in patient volume was found in all age ranges on the day of landfall (Day 0) with a census of 114; -55% compared to 2011. The daily volume exhibited a precipitous drop on the days preceding the storm followed by a return to usual volumes shortly after.A notably larger percentage of patients were seen for medication refills in 2012; 5.8% versus 0.4% (P<.05). Lacerations and cold exposure also were increased substantially in 2012 at 7.6% versus 2.8% (P<.05) and 3.8% versus 0.0% (P<.05) of patient visits, respectively.A large decline in admissions was observed in the days prior to the storm, with a nadir on Day +1 at five percent (-22%). Review of admitted patients revealed atypical admissions for home care service such as need for supplemental oxygen or ventilator.In addition, a drop in Emergency Medical Services (EMS) utilization was seen on Days 0 and +1. The SIUH-N typically sees 18% of patients arriving via EMS. On Day +1, only two percent of patients arrived by ambulance.ConclusionThe daily ED census saw a significant decline in the days preceding the storm. In addition, the type of conditions treated varied from baseline, and a considerable drop in hospital admissions was seen. Data such as these presented here can help make predictions for future scenarios.GreensteinJ, ChackoJ, ArdolicB, BerwaldN. Impact of Hurricane Sandy on the Staten Island University Hospital emergency department. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(3):335–339.
Duration of Untreated Illness as a Predictor of Treatment Response and Clinical Course in Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Altamura A. Carlo , Dell'Osso Bernardo , D'Urso Nazario , Russo Michela , Fumagalli Sara , Mundo Emanuela 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTIntroduction:The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of the duration of untreated illness (DUI)—defined as the time elapsing between the onset of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and the first adequate pharmacologic treatment—on treatment response and clinical course in a sample of subjects with GAD.Methods:One hundred patients with GAD, diagnosed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition-Text Revision criteria, were enrolled and their main demographic and clinical features collected. Patients were then treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or venlafaxine for 8 weeks in open-label conditions. Treatment response and other clinical variables were analyzed after dividing the sample into two groups according to DUI (DUI ≤12 months and DUI >12 months).Results:When the DUI was computed with respect to the first antidepressant treatment (DUI-AD), a higher improvement (Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Illness scale) after the pharmacologic treatment was found in the group with a shorter DUI (analysis of variance with repeated measures: time effect F=654.975, P<.001; group effect: F=4.369, P=.O39). When computed with respect to the first treatment with benzodiazepines (DUI-BDZ), the two groups did not show any significant difference in treatment response (time effect: F=652.183, P<.001; group effect: F=0.009, P=.924). In addition, patients with a longer DUI (DUI-BDZ or DUI-AD) showed an earlier age at onset, a longer duration of illness and a higher rate of comorbid psychiatric disorders with onset later than GAD.Conclusion:Results from this preliminary study seem to suggest that a shorter DUI-AD may determine a better response to pharmacologic treatment in patients with GAD, and that a longer DUI (DUI-BDZ and DUI-AD) may be associated to a worse clinical course. Further investigation on the relationship between DUI and GAD is needed.
Uses of wonder in popular science:Cosmos: A Personal Voyageand the origin of life
Authors: Helsing Daniel 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper analyses the use of wonder in the TV-seriesCosmos: A Personal Voyage(1980). Popular science has been studied extensively (e.g. Broks 2006; Leane 2007; Perrault 2013), and wonder has been studied moderately (e.g. Daston & Park 1998; Fuller 2006; Vasalou 2015). However, there are very few studies of wonder in popular science. This paper explores how and why wonder is used inCosmos, with the wider aim of understanding uses of wonder in popular science. The studies that discuss wonder in popular science (Fahnestock 1986; Perrault 2013) argue that wonder is used to enthuse the audience about science, but they do not discuss why wonder has this ability, nor whether wonder has other functions. This paper argues that Fuller's (2006) psychological and evolutionary account of wonder can elucidate why wonder has the ability to enthuse; it discerns three senses of ‘wonder’ (related to objects, emotions and attitudes); and it discusses other functions of wonder (existential, aesthetic and ethical). Due to the centrality of astrobiological questions inCosmos, this paper also highlights the relation of these questions to the senses and functions of wonder inCosmos.
BIM mediates synergistic killing of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells by BCL-2 and MEK inhibitors
Authors: Korfi K , Smith M , Swan J , Somervaille T C P , Dhomen N , Marais R 
Published: April 2016

AbstractB-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is an aggressive hematological disease that kills ~50% of adult patients. With the exception of some BCR-ABL1+ patients who benefit from tyrosine kinase inhibitors, there are no effective targeted therapies for adult B-ALL patients and chemotherapy remains first-line therapy despite adverse side effects and poor efficacy. We show that, although the MEK/ERK pathway is activated in B-ALL cells driven by different oncogenes, MEK inhibition does not suppress B-ALL cell growth. However, MEK inhibition synergized with BCL-2/BCL-XL family inhibitors to suppress proliferation and induce apoptosis in B-ALL cells. We show that this synergism is mediated by the pro-apoptotic factor BIM, which is dephosphorylated as a result of MEK inhibition, allowing it to bind to and neutralize MCL-1, thereby enhancing BCL-2/BCL-XL inhibitor-induced cell death. This cooperative effect is observed in B-ALL cells driven by a range of genetic abnormalities and therefore has significant therapeutic potential.
Genetic and environmental influences interact with age and sex in shaping the human methylome
Authors: van Dongen Jenny , Nivard Michel G. , Willemsen Gonneke , Hottenga Jouke-Jan , Helmer Quinta , Dolan Conor V. , Ehli Erik A. , Davies Gareth E. , van Iterson Maarten , Breeze Charles E. , Beck Stephan ,   BIOS Consortium, Hoen Peter A.C.’t , Pool René , van Greevenbroek Marleen M.J. , Stehouwer Coen D.A. , Kallen Carla J.H. van der , Schalkwijk Casper G. , Wijmenga Cisca , Zhernakova Sasha , Tigchelaar Ettje F. , Beekman Marian , Deelen Joris , van Heemst Diana , Veldink Jan H. , van den Berg Leonard H. , van Duijn Cornelia M. , Hofman Bert A. , Uitterlinden André G. , Jhamai P. Mila , Verbiest Michael , Verkerk Marijn , van der Breggen Ruud , van Rooij Jeroen , Lakenberg Nico , Mei Hailiang , Bot Jan , Zhernakova Dasha V. , van’t Hof Peter , Deelen Patrick , Nooren Irene , Moed Matthijs , Vermaat Martijn , Luijk René , Bonder Marc Jan , van Dijk Freerk , van Galen Michiel , Arindrarto Wibowo , Kielbasa Szymon M. , Swertz Morris A. , van Zwet Erik W. , Isaacs Aaron , Franke Lude , Suchiman H. Eka , Jansen Rick , van Meurs Joyce B. , Heijmans Bastiaan T. , Slagboom P. Eline , Boomsma Dorret I. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe methylome is subject to genetic and environmental effects. Their impact may depend on sex and age, resulting in sex- and age-related physiological variation and disease susceptibility. Here we estimate the total heritability of DNA methylation levels in whole blood and estimate the variance explained by common single nucleotide polymorphisms at 411,169 sites in 2,603 individuals from twin families, to establish a catalogue of between-individual variation in DNA methylation. Heritability estimates vary across the genome (mean=19%) and interaction analyses reveal thousands of sites with sex-specific heritability as well as sites where the environmental variance increases with age. Integration with previously published data illustrates the impact of genome and environment across the lifespan at methylation sites associated with metabolic traits, smoking and ageing. These findings demonstrate that our catalogue holds valuable information on locations in the genome where methylation variation between people may reflect disease-relevant environmental exposures or genetic variation.
Giant spin-torque diode sensitivity in the absence of bias magnetic field
Authors: Fang Bin , Carpentieri Mario , Hao Xiaojie , Jiang Hongwen , Katine Jordan A. , Krivorotov Ilya N. , Ocker Berthold , Langer Juergen , Wang Kang L. , Zhang Baoshun , Azzerboni Bruno , Amiri Pedram Khalili , Finocchio Giovanni , Zeng Zhongming 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMicrowave detectors based on the spin-torque diode effect are among the key emerging spintronic devices. By utilizing the spin of electrons in addition to charge, they have the potential to overcome the theoretical performance limits of their semiconductor (Schottky) counterparts. However, so far, practical implementations of spin-diode microwave detectors have been limited by the necessity to apply a magnetic field. Here, we demonstrate nanoscale magnetic tunnel junction microwave detectors, exhibiting high-detection sensitivity of 75,400 mV mW−1 at room temperature without any external bias fields, and for low-input power (micro-Watts or lower). This sensitivity is significantly larger than both state-of-the-art Schottky diode detectors and existing spintronic diodes. Micromagnetic simulations and measurements reveal the essential role of injection locking to achieve this sensitivity performance. This mechanism may provide a pathway to enable further performance improvement of spin-torque diode microwave detectors.