bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late Quaternary landscape evolution in a region of stable postglacial relative sea levels, British Columbia central coast, Canada
Authors: Eamer Jordan B. R. , Shugar Daniel H. , Walker Ian J. , Neudorf Christina M. , Lian Olav B. , Eamer Jennifer L. , Bryce Jordan , Biln Libby 
Published: December 2017

After retreat of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet (CIS) and subsequent glacio‐isostatic adjustment of the central coast of British Columbia (BC), Canada, a complex coastline emerged as relative sea level rapidly reached equilibrium and maintained stability over the end of the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. This study provides a late Quaternary reconstruction of the landscape evolution of a geographically distinct location on the central BC coast, northwest Calvert Island, which experienced a re‐advance of the CIS near the end of the Late Pleistocene and minimal subsequent relative sea‐level change. Geomorphological observations from LiDAR imagery, sedimentological and palaeoecological evidence from exposures, cores and shovel pits, and a robust luminescence and 14C‐based chronology spanning the last 15 000 years are used to reconstruct the landscape of northwest Calvert Island following CIS retreat. A single‐aliquot regenerative dose protocol that was developed specifically for luminescence dating of the sediments on Calvert Island was utilized in this study. Localized proglacial sedimentation was linked to the glacial re‐advance experienced at the end of the Late Pleistocene. Extensive coastal reconfiguration (e.g. rapid shoreline progradation of >1 m a−1) occurred in the absence of extensive RSL change, which was the main driver of coastal change elsewhere along the BC coast. Changes in climate, small magnitude changes in RSL, and fire all probably played a role in isolated aeolian landform development and stabilization in the study area. An important contribution of this study is the documentation of the multi‐disciplinary approach for reconstructing palaeogeography, using multiple geochronological methods, micro‐ and macro‐sedimentology, the palaeoecology inferred from both macro and microfossils (e.g. diatoms and foraminifers), stratigraphy, field mapping and remote sensing. In addition, these findings inform our understanding of the drivers of coastal sedimentary processes, particularly in the temperate coastal rainforest region of BC, and the role that fire may play in those processes. Coastal palaeogeography studies in the region will become increasingly important as discoveries of Late Pleistocene human habitation along the coastal migration route continue to be documented.
Identifying environmental barriers to participation: Usability of a health‐literacy informed problem‐identification approach for parents of young children with developmental disabilities
Authors: Kramer J. M. , Hwang I. T. , Levin M. , Acevedo‐García D. , Rosenfeld L. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundParents of very young children recently diagnosed with developmental disabilities (DD) need to identify environmental barriers to their children's participation and adopt an adaptive orientation to solving these problems. Given the health service disparities for diverse families, parents may benefit from easy to use problem‐identification approaches that address environmental barriers stemming from community and policy contexts. This feasibility study evaluated the usability of a health literacy‐informed, structured, environment‐focused problem‐identification approach for parents of young children with DD.MethodsWe used purposeful, convenience sampling to enrol 9 mothers of children ages 1–3 with DD (4 racial/ethnic minorities, 3 high school education, 4 annual household income <$20,000). We developed a structured problem‐identification approach guided by a social ecological model featuring home, community, and policy contexts. The approach was applied to 3 short stories during a narrative elicitation interview. Two researchers independently coded parent responses for the type of barrier and solution identified with and without the approach.ResultsParents identified 121 environmental barriers without the approach. When using the approach and prompted to consider home, community, and policy barriers, parents identified an additional 222 environmental barriers; the greatest number of barriers were aligned with International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health–Children and Youth environment Chapter 5 “Services, systems, and policies.” Using the approach, parents with a postgraduate education and annual household income >$80,000 identified the most environmental barriers, and parents reporting the lowest annual household incomes identified the fewest environmental barriers. When parents attributed participation challenges to an environmental barrier, ~57% of solutions required parents to interact with individuals at the community or policy level.ConclusionsThis study suggests that parents with a range of background characteristics can use a structured, environment‐focused problem‐identification approach. With the approach, parents are more likely to attribute participation challenges to environmental barriers and adopt a problem‐solving orientation focused on changes to the community and policy context.
Photodynamic therapy with double duration for circumscribed choroidal haemangioma: functional and anatomical results based on initial parameters
Authors: Süsskind Daniela , Inhoffen Werner , Gelisken Faik , Völker Michael 
Published: December 2017

AbstractImportancePre‐treatment symptoms longer than 12 months and foveal cystoid changes are indicators for poor anatomical and functional outcome after photodynamic therapy (PDT).BackgroundTo evaluate the prognostic factors on the effectiveness of PDT with double duration for treatment of exudative circumscribed choroidal haemangioma.DesignRetrospective study.ParticipantsTwenty‐seven patients with symptomatic exudative circumscribed choroidal haemangioma treated with PDT.MethodsClinical charts of patients with exudative circumscribed choroidal haemangioma treated with PDT were analysed with regard to visual acuity, duration of symptoms, subfoveal fluid, foveal cystoid changes and foveal thickness in optical coherence tomography.Main Outcome MeasuresChange of best‐corrected visual acuity, sub‐ and intrafoveal fluid and foveal thickness measured with optical coherence tomography from baseline to last follow‐up.ResultsMean visual acuity improved by 0.05 from 0.42 logMAR (standard deviation [SD] 0.34) to 0.37 logMAR (SD 0.47). In 70% of the patients, PDT stopped exudation and revealed a dry fovea. The recurrence or persistence of sub‐ or intrafoveal fluid was significantly associated with pre‐therapeutic symptoms existing for more than 12 months (P = 0.046). Mean foveal thickness in optical coherence tomography decreased from 324 μm (SD 223 μm) to 209 μm (SD 109 μm).Conclusions and RelevancePDT proved to be a safe and effective treatment procedure for exudative circumscribed choroidal haemangioma in our series, with few side effects. We observed a more successful treatment with regard to anatomical and functional results in cases with pre‐existing symptoms less than 12 months and in cases without pre‐therapeutic foveal cystoid changes.
Measuring fidelity of empirically‐supported treatment foster care: Preliminary psychometrics of the together facing the challenge—fidelity of implementation test (TFTC‐FIT)
Authors: Southerland Dannia G. , Farmer Elizabeth M.Z. , Murray Maureen E. , Stambaugh Leyla F. , Rosenberg Rachel D. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis manuscript describes the development and psychometric testing of an instrument to assess implementation fidelity of Together Facing the Challenge (TFTC), an evidence‐based approach to treatment foster care (TFC). The development of TFTC utilized a hybrid approach by bringing together components from evidence‐based interventions with data on “what works” in usual care treatment foster care to create an intervention designed to provide enhanced treatment across a wide range of treatment foster care programs. The resulting training/consultation model has shown positive results on practice and youth outcomes in a randomized trial. The TFTC‐FIT was developed during this randomized trial to be used as both a research measure and a quality improvement tool by provider agencies. Findings show that the measure is psychometrically sound and significantly distinguishes agencies trained in TFTC from those that are not. Discussion highlights the potential for such a measure, both in treatment foster care and in other home‐/community‐based interventions and settings for youth.
How do Australian adult mental health clinicians manage the challenges of working with parental mental illness? A phenomenological study
Authors: Tchernegovski Phillip , Reupert Andrea E. , Maybery Darryl J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAdult mental health clinicians face a range of challenges that hinder their use of family‐focused practices when working with consumers who are parents. The purpose of this study was (a) to examine clinicians' experiences when working with parents and (b) identify strategies they found to be effective when working with parents. Eleven Australian mental health clinicians were recruited who regularly worked with consumers who are parents. Semistructured interviews were conducted within a qualitative paradigm and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Themes were identified which related to (a) managing sensitive parenting conversations, (b) making decisions about child safety in unclear or unpredictable situations, and (c) working with child protection services. Participants had developed strategies for managing the challenges of the first two practice issues and suggested organizational changes that could facilitate collaboration with child protection services. The findings highlight that the challenges of working with parents with mental health issues cannot be addressed with a one‐size‐fits‐all approach. Initiatives to facilitate the effective support of parents and their children need to be informed by contextual factors, including clinical practice.
Micromotion analysis of different implant configuration, bone density, and crestal cortical bone thickness in immediately loaded mandibular full‐arch implant restorations: A nonlinear finite element study
Authors: Sugiura Tsutomu , Yamamoto Kazuhiko , Horita Satoshi , Murakami Kazuhiro , Kirita Tadaaki 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundExcessive micromotion may cause failure of osseointegration between the implant and bone.PurposeThis study investigated the effects of implant configuration, bone density, and crestal cortical bone thickness on micromotion in immediately loaded mandibular full‐arch implant restorations.Materials and MethodsA finite element model of the edentulous mandible was constructed. Four implants were inserted in two different configurations, which were four parallel implants or tilted distal implants according to the all‐on‐four concept. Different cancellous bone densities and crestal cortical bone thicknesses were simulated. The framework was made of acrylic resin. A vertical load of 200 N was applied at the cantilever or on the distal implant (noncantilever loading).ResultsThe maximum extent of micromotion was significantly influenced by the density of cancellous bone and to a lesser extent by implant configuration and the crestal cortical bone thickness. The all‐on‐four configuration showed less micromotion than the parallel implant configuration in some circumstances. The maximum micromotion detected with noncantilever loading was less than 1/3 of that with cantilever loading.ConclusionsImplant configuration had a limited influence on micromotion. Avoiding cantilever loading during the healing period should effectively reduce the risk of excessive micromotion in patients with low‐density cancellous bone and thin crestal cortical bone.
Allergic contact dermatitis caused by topical herbal remedies: importance of patch testing with the patients' own products
Authors: Gilissen Liesbeth , Huygens Sara , Goossens An 
Published: December 2017

SummaryBackgroundNatural ingredients have variable compositions, so their allergenic potencies may differ.ObjectivesTo retrospectively analyse subjects reacting to herbal remedies over the past 27 years, with the aim of (i) evaluating demographic characteristics and lesion locations, (ii) describing the frequencies of positive patch test reactions, (iii) identifing sensitization sources, and (iv) studying concomitant sensitivity.Patients and MethodsIn total, 15980 patients were patch tested between 1990 and 2016 with the European baseline series and/or other series, product(s) used, and, whenever possible, the respective ingredients.ResultsAltogether, 8942 (56%) of 15 980 patients presented with at least one positive reaction. Reactions to topical herbal medicines, most often applied to treat an eczematous condition, leg ulcers, or other wounds, were seen in 125 (0.8%), that is, 1.4% of the contact‐allergic subjects. Hands, legs and feet were the most frequently affected body sites. Twenty‐one botanical allergens were identified, the commonest being Myroxylon pereirae (balsam of Peru), Compositae plants, and tincture of benzoin. Many patients presented with multiple positive test reactions, and some did not react to the commercial allergens but only to the products used.ConclusionsTopical herbal remedies should not be applied on damaged skin, as multiple sensitization may develop. Moreover, patch testing with the culprit products is important for the diagnosis.
Polymerase chain reaction test in induced sputum of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Paiva Verônica da Silva , Staub Fernanda Luiza , Valentini Dirceu Felipe , Barcellos Regina Bones , Schmid Karen Barros , Costa Elis Regina Dalla , Rossetti Maria Lucia Rosa , Dalcin Paulo de Tarso Roth , Silva Denise Rossato 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIntroductionInduced sputum (IS) is an alternative method of obtaining sputum, but IS smears are frequently negative. Culture is more time consuming in its results, and less useful to guide the diagnosis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the most common methodology for rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB), and few studies evaluated its role in IS samples.ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to determine the diagnostic yield of PCR for TB compared with culture in IS samples.Materials and MethodsProspective study. Inpatients and outpatients of >18 years with respiratory symptoms suggestive of PTB were invited to participate. The subjects were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire, and collected IS. Three samples were obtained for AFB smear and culture. A fourth sample was obtained for PCR test.ResultsA total of 116 IS samples were evaluated. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive values of PCR were 95.2%, 48.4%, 29.0% and 97.9%, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was .72 for the PCR test (P < .0001).ConclusionsAlthough the PCR specificity could be underestimated, if we consider PCR to be more sensitive than the culture method used, we believed that these PCR‐positive tests mean false positives. The results of PCR should always be interpreted carefully in conjunction with clinical information.
Coordinated Pricing Analysis with the Carbon Tax Scheme in a Supply Chain*
Authors: Ma Xin , Ho William , Ji Ping , Talluri Srinivas 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTThe carbon tax is a cost‐efficient scheme to curb emissions, and it has been implemented in Australia, British Columbia, and other places worldwide. We aim to analyze its effect on dynamic pricing in a supply chain with multiple suppliers and one manufacturer. The profit‐maximizing manufacturer makes final products using raw materials from suppliers with heterogeneous prices and emission rates. A two‐stage game model is built over an infinite time horizon for this issue. In the first stage, suppliers face price‐dependent demand to set their prices and production rates under the constraint of inventory capacity. Then, in response to the carbon tax scheme, the manufacturer evaluates the procurement prices and emission rates of suppliers to control its emission volumes and sets the sales price of its product. This article predominately focuses on the optimal pricing strategies in a decentralized supply chain. The open‐loop equilibrium and Markovian Nash equilibrium for the dynamic pricing game models of both suppliers and the manufacturer are derived, respectively. The equilibrium prices of suppliers and the manufacturer can be solved based on both irreversible actions and real‐time states. These two types of equilibria can be regarded as the solutions of two different models in specific situations. To analyze the effect of sourcing diversity on pricing strategies and emissions control for the manufacturer, the more general equilibrium price for the manufacturer in an n‐suppliers oligopoly is studied. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the equilibrium and its monotonicity with various parameter settings.
Intentions to Comply Versus Intentions to Protect: A VIE Theory Approach to Understanding the Influence of Insiders’ Awareness of Organizational SETA Efforts
Authors: Burns A. J. , Roberts Tom L. , Posey Clay , Bennett Rebecca J. , Courtney James F. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTIn contemporary organizations, the protection of an organization's information assets is reliant on the behavior of those entrusted with access to organizational information and information systems (IS). Because of this reliance, organizations increasingly prioritize the training and education of employees through security education, training, and awareness (SETA) initiatives. Through expectancy theory and its central components of valence, instrumentality, and expectancy (VIE), we investigate the role of insiders’ awareness of organizational SETA efforts on two similar, yet distinct, security‐related intentions: intention to comply with information security policies (ISPs) and intention to protect the organization's information assets from their threats. Not only do we show how distinct these two concepts are from a quantitative standpoint, we also demonstrate differences between insiders’ compliance and protection intentions, as well as their motivational antecedents. Moreover, we demonstrate how our powerful, yet parsimonious, model based on expectancy theory explains a significant portion of the variance in these two important concepts: 52.7% in intentions to comply with ISPs and 68.1% in intentions to protect organizational information assets. We discuss the implications of our findings for research and practice and offer future research opportunities.
Different predation efficiencies of trap‐building larvae of sympatric antlions and wormlions from the rainforest of Borneo
Authors: MILER KRZYSZTOF , YAHYA BAKHTIAR E. , CZARNOLESKI MARCIN 
Published: December 2017

1. This study reports the discovery of sympatric populations of antlions (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) and wormlions (Diptera: Vermileonidae) in a unique system of sandy microhabitats in the lowland rainforest of Borneo. The two species convergently evolved sit‐and‐wait predatory larvae, which construct pitfall traps to hunt insects. Despite similar specialised foraging strategies, the two species coexist in the competitive environment of small, isolated sandy patches in the rainforest, which begs the question: what biological characteristics allow their coexistence?2. Based on larval morphology alone, it was predicted that antlions would build larger traps, which would allow them to efficiently hunt larger prey. Addressing this hypothesis, this study compared the volumes of traps constructed by the two species under field and laboratory conditions. A laboratory experiment compared their efficiency of capture of three ant species that differed in body size.3. The results show that antlions constructed larger traps and captured prey more efficiently. The difference between the species could not be explained by trap size alone. The findings demonstrate that the overlap in resource use in these two species was low, and it is suggested that there is a separation in prey utility between them, allowing their coexistence in the space‐limited habitat of the tropical rainforest.
Effect of long‐term drainage on plant community, soil carbon and nitrogen contents and stable isotopic (δ13C, δ15N) composition of a permanent grassland
Authors: Harris P. , Bol R. , Evans J. , Hawkins J. M. B. , Dixon E. R. , Wolf K. , Dungait J. A. J. , Griffith B. , Herbst M. , Dhanoa M. S. , Beaumont D. A. , Dunn R. M. , Wiesenberg G. L. B. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryThis study compares data statistically that were collected from both long‐term drained and undrained plots to test hypotheses concerning the effect of drainage on plant community, soil total nitrogen (TN), soil total carbon (TC) and stable isotopic (δ15N, δ13C) contents in a permanent grassland. In addition, the effects of soil depth, topography (elevation, slope, aspect and compound topographic index (CTI)) and spatial autocorrelation were taken into account. Data were collected in 2010 at Rowden Moor, North Wyke, Devon, UK, where, for the plots of this study, subsurface drainage was introduced in 1987. The results of a set of six linear mixed models showed that: (i) plant community did not depend on drainage, but on elevation and spatial effects, (ii) both TN and TC not only depended on drainage, but also topography and sample depth, (iii) the TC to TN ratio did not depend on drainage, but on elevation, CTI and sample depth only, (iv) δ15N values did not depend on drainage, but on topography and sample depth and (v) δ13C values depended on drainage together with topography and sample depth. Thus, drainage represented a significant effect for only TN, TC and δ13C. Furthermore, changes in soil physicochemical conditions, following the introduction of drainage in the clay soil 24 years previously, induced a shift in the plant community from a Lolium perenne L. dominated grassland with numerous patches of Juncus species, towards one with Lolium perenne and Trifolium repens L.HighlightsThe effect of drainage on plant community, and C and N cycling on permanent grassland.
Soil depth, topography and associated spatial effects are taken into consideration.
Plant community (species diversity) depended on topography and spatial effects only.
Soil chemistry depended on topography and depth, and N, C and δ13C also depended on drainage.
Cannabinoids for epilepsy: What do we know and where do we go?
Authors: Brodie Martin J. , Ben‐Menachem Elinor 
Published: December 2017

SummaryOver the past decade there has been an increasing interest in using cannabinoids to treat a range of epilepsy syndromes following reports of some remarkable responses in individual patients. The situation is complicated by the fact that these agents do not appear to work via their attachment to endogenous cannabinoid receptors. Their pharmacokinetics are complex, and bioavailability is variable, resulting in difficulty in developing a suitable formulation for oral delivery. Drug interactions also represent another complication in their everyday use. Nevertheless, recent randomized, placebo‐controlled trials with cannabidiol support its efficacy in Dravet and Lennox‐Gastaut syndromes. Further placebo‐controlled studies are underway in adults with focal epilepsy using cannabidivarin. The many unanswered questions in the use of cannabinoids to treat epileptic seizures are briefly summarized in the conclusion.