bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dioxin induces Ahr-dependent robust DNA demethylation of the Cyp1a1 promoter via Tdg in the mouse liver
Authors: Amenya Hesbon Z. , Tohyama Chiharu , Ohsako Seiichiroh 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) is a highly conserved nuclear receptor that plays an important role in the manifestation of toxicity induced by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. As a xenobiotic sensor, Ahr is involved in chemical biotransformation through activation of drug metabolizing enzymes. The activated Ahr cooperates with coactivator complexes to induce epigenetic modifications at target genes. Thus, it is conceivable that 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a potent Ahr ligand, may elicit robust epigenetic changes in vivo at the Ahr target gene cytochrome P450 1a1 (Cyp1a1). A single dose of TCDD administered to adult mice induced Ahr-dependent CpG hypomethylation, changes in histone modifications, and thymine DNA glycosylase (Tdg) recruitment at the Cyp1a1 promoter in the liver within 24 hrs. These epigenetic changes persisted until 40 days post-TCDD treatment and there was Cyp1a1 mRNA hyperinduction upon repeat administration of TCDD at this time-point. Our demethylation assay using siRNA knockdown and an in vitro methylated plasmid showed that Ahr, Tdg, and the ten-eleven translocation methyldioxygenases Tet2 and Tet3 are required for the TCDD-induced DNA demethylation. These results provide novel evidence of Ahr-driven active DNA demethylation and epigenetic memory. The epigenetic alterations influence response to subsequent chemical exposure and imply an adaptive mechanism to xenobiotic stress.
Mechanism of high affinity inhibition of the human urate transporter URAT1
Authors: Tan Philip K. , Ostertag Traci M. , Miner Jeffrey N. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractGout is caused by elevated serum urate levels, which can be treated using inhibitors of the uric acid transporter, URAT1. We exploited affinity differences between the human and rat transporters to map inhibitor binding sites in URAT1. Human-rat transporter chimeras revealed that human URAT1 serine-35, phenylalanine-365 and isoleucine-481 are necessary and sufficient to provide up to a 100-fold increase in affinity for inhibitors. Moreover, serine-35 and phenylalanine-365 are important for high-affinity interaction with the substrate urate. A novel URAT1 binding assay provides support for direct interaction with these amino acids; thus, current clinically important URAT1 inhibitors likely bind the same site in URAT1. A structural model suggests that these three URAT1 residues are in close proximity potentially projecting within the channel. Our results indicate that amino acids from several transmembrane segments functionally cooperate to form a high-affinity URAT1 inhibitor binding site that, when occupied, prevents substrate interactions.
Femtosecond dynamics of energetic electrons in high intensity laser-matter interactions
Authors: Pompili R. , Anania M. P. , Bisesto F. , Botton M. , Castellano M. , Chiadroni E. , Cianchi A. , Curcio A. , Ferrario M. , Galletti M. , Henis Z. , Petrarca M. , Schleifer E. , Zigler A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractHighly energetic electrons are generated at the early phases of the interaction of short-pulse high-intensity lasers with solid targets. These escaping particles are identified as the essential core of picosecond-scale phenomena such as laser-based acceleration, surface manipulation, generation of intense magnetic fields and electromagnetic pulses. Increasing the number of the escaping electrons facilitate the late time processes in all cases. Up to now only indirect evidences of these important forerunners have been recorded, thus no detailed study of the governing mechanisms was possible. Here we report, for the first time, direct time-dependent measurements of energetic electrons ejected from solid targets by the interaction with a short-pulse high-intensity laser. We measured electron bunches up to 7 nanocoulombs charge, picosecond duration and 12 megaelectronvolts energy. Our ’snapshots’ capture their evolution with an unprecedented temporal resolution, demonstrat- ing a significant boost in charge and energy of escaping electrons when increasing the geometrical target curvature. These results pave the way toward significant improvement in laser acceleration of ions using shaped targets allowing the future development of small scale laser-ion accelerators.
Characterisation of the immune compounds in koala milk using a combined transcriptomic and proteomic approach
Authors: Morris Katrina M. , O’Meally Denis , Zaw Thiri , Song Xiaomin , Gillett Amber , Molloy Mark P. , Polkinghorne Adam , Belov Katherine 
Published: October 2016

AbstractProduction of milk is a key characteristic of mammals, but the features of lactation vary greatly between monotreme, marsupial and eutherian mammals. Marsupials have a short gestation followed by a long lactation period, and milk constituents vary greatly across lactation. Marsupials are born immunologically naïve and rely on their mother’s milk for immunological protection. Koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) are an iconic Australian species that are increasingly threatened by disease. Here we use a mammary transcriptome, two milk proteomes and the koala genome to comprehensively characterise the protein components of koala milk across lactation, with a focus on immune constituents. The most abundant proteins were well-characterised milk proteins, including β-lactoglobulin and lactotransferrin. In the mammary transcriptome, 851 immune transcripts were expressed, including immunoglobulins and complement components. We identified many abundant antimicrobial peptides, as well as novel proteins with potential antimicrobial roles. We discovered that marsupial VELP is an ortholog of eutherian Glycam1, and likely has an antimicrobial function in milk. We also identified highly-abundant koala endogenous-retrovirus sequences, identifying a potential transmission route from mother to young. Characterising the immune components of milk is key to understanding protection of marsupial young, and the novel immune compounds identified may have applications in clinical research.
GhABF2, a bZIP transcription factor, confers drought and salinity tolerance in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Authors: Liang Chengzhen , Meng Zhaohong , Meng Zhigang , Malik Waqas , Yan Rong , Lwin Khin Myat , Lin Fazhuang , Wang Yuan , Sun Guoqing , Zhou Tao , Zhu Tao , Li Jianying , Jin Shuangxia , Guo Sandui , Zhang Rui 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe bZIP transcription factor (TF) act as an important regulator for the abscisic acid (ABA) mediated abiotic stresses signaling pathways in plants. Here, we reported the cloning and characterization of GhABF2, encoding for typical cotton bZIP TF. Overexpression of GhABF2 significantly improved drought and salt stress tolerance both in Arabidopsis and cotton. However, silencing of GhABF2 made transgenic cotton sensitive to PEG osmotic and salt stress. Expression of GhABF2 was induced by drought and ABA treatments but repressed by high salinity. Transcriptome analysis indicated that GhABF2 increases drought and salt tolerance by regulating genes related to ABA, drought and salt response. The proline contents, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were also significantly increased in GhABF2-overexpression cottons in comparison to wild type after drought and salt treatment. Further, an increase in fiber yield under drought and saline-alkali wetland exhibited the important role of GhABF2 in enhancing the drought and salt tolerance in transgenic lines. In conclusion, manipulation of GhABF2 by biotechnological tools could be a sustainable strategy to deploy drought and salt tolerance in cotton.
A fast and effective approach for reversible wetting-dewetting transitions on ZnO nanowires
Authors: Yadav Kavita , Mehta B. R. , Bhattacharya Saswata , Singh J. P. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractHere, we demonstrate a facile approach for the preparation of ZnO nanowires (NWs) with tunable surface wettability that can be manipulated reversibly in a controlled manner from a superhydrophilic state to a superhydrophobic state. The as-synthesized ZnO NWs obtained by a chemical vapor deposition method are superhydrophilic with a contact angle (CA) value of ~0°. After H2 gas annealing at 300 °C for 90 minutes, ZnO NWs display superhydrophobic behavior with a roll-off angle less than 5°. However, O2 gas annealing converts these superhydrophobic ZnO NWs into a superhydrophilic state. For switching from superhydrophobic to superhydrophilic state and vice versa in cyclic manner, H2 and O2 gas annealing treatment was used, respectively. A model based on density functional theory indicates that the oxygen-related defects are responsible for CA switching. The water resistant properties of the ZnO NWs coating is found to be durable and can be applied to a variety of substrates including glass, metals, semiconductors, paper and even flexible polymers.
Use of aerosol route to fabricate positively charged Au/Fe3O4 Janus nanoparticles as multifunctional nanoplatforms
Authors: Byeon Jeong Hoon , Park Jae Hong 
Published: October 2016

AbstractGold (Au)-decorated iron oxide (Fe3O4), Au/Fe3O4, Janus nanoparticles were fabricated via the continuous route for aerosol Au incorporation with Fe3O4 domains synthesized in an aqueous medium as multifunctional nanoplatforms. The fabricated nanoparticles were subsequently exposed to 185-nm UV light to generate positive charges on Au surfaces, and their activities were tested in computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, gene-delivery and photothermal therapy. No additional polymeric coatings of the Janus particles also had a unique ability to suppress inflammatory responses in macrophages challenged with lipopolysaccharide, which may be due to the absence of amine groups.
A probabilistic assessment of the likelihood of vegetation drought under varying climate conditions across China
Authors: Liu Zhiyong , Li Chao , Zhou Ping , Chen Xiuzhi 
Published: October 2016

AbstractClimate change significantly impacts the vegetation growth and terrestrial ecosystems. Using satellite remote sensing observations, here we focus on investigating vegetation dynamics and the likelihood of vegetation-related drought under varying climate conditions across China. We first compare temporal trends of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and climatic variables over China. We find that in fact there is no significant change in vegetation over the cold regions where warming is significant. Then, we propose a joint probability model to estimate the likelihood of vegetation-related drought conditioned on different precipitation/temperature scenarios in growing season across China. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to examine the vegetation-related drought risk over China from a perspective based on joint probability. Our results demonstrate risk patterns of vegetation-related drought under both low and high precipitation/temperature conditions. We further identify the variations in vegetation-related drought risk under different climate conditions and the sensitivity of drought risk to climate variability. These findings provide insights for decision makers to evaluate drought risk and vegetation-related develop drought mitigation strategies over China in a warming world. The proposed methodology also has a great potential to be applied for vegetation-related drought risk assessment in other regions worldwide.
Fully inkjet-printed microfluidics: a solution to low-cost rapid three-dimensional microfluidics fabrication with numerous electrical and sensing applications
Authors: Su Wenjing , Cook Benjamin S. , Fang Yunnan , Tentzeris Manos M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAs the needs for low-cost rapidly-produced microfluidics are growing with the trend of Lab-on-a-Chip and distributed healthcare, the fully inkjet-printing of microfluidics can be a solution to it with numerous potential electrical and sensing applications. Inkjet-printing is an additive manufacturing technique featuring no material waste and a low equipment cost. Moreover, similar to other additive manufacturing techniques, inkjet-printing is easy to learn and has a high fabrication speed, while it offers generally a great planar resolution down to below 20 µm and enables flexible designs due to its inherent thin film deposition capabilities. Due to the thin film feature, the printed objects also usually obtain a high vertical resolution (such as 4.6 µm). This paper introduces a low-cost rapid three-dimensional fabrication process of microfluidics, that relies entirely on an inkjet-printer based single platform and can be implemented directly on top of virtually any substrates.
Electrostatic repulsive out-of-plane actuator using conductive substrate
Authors: Wang Weimin , Wang Qiang , Ren Hao , Ma Wenying , Qiu Chuankai , Chen Zexiang , Fan Bin 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA pseudo-three-layer electrostatic repulsive out-of-plane actuator is proposed. It combines the advantages of two-layer and three-layer repulsive actuators, i.e., fabrication requirements and fill factor. A theoretical model for the proposed actuator is developed and solved through the numerical calculation of Schwarz-Christoffel mapping. Theoretical and simulated results show that the pseudo-three-layer actuator offers higher performance than the two-layer and three-layer actuators with regard to the two most important characteristics of actuators, namely, driving force and theoretical stroke. Given that the pseudo-three-layer actuator structure is compatible with both the parallel-plate actuators and these two types of repulsive actuators, a 19-element two-layer repulsive actuated deformable mirror is operated in pseudo-three-layer electrical connection mode. Theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that the pseudo-three-layer mode produces a larger displacement of 0–4.5 μm for a dc driving voltage of 0–100 V, when compared with that in two-layer mode.
Polar Superhelices in Ferroelectric Chiral Nanosprings
Authors: Shimada Takahiro , Lich Le Van , Nagano Koyo , Wang Jian-Shan , Wang Jie , Kitamura Takayuki 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTopological objects of nontrivial spin or dipolar field textures, such as skyrmions, merons, and vortices, interacting with applied external fields in ferroic materials are of great scientific interest as an intriguing playground of unique physical phenomena and novel technological paradigms. The quest for new topological configurations of such swirling field textures has primarily been done for magnets with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions, while the absence of such intrinsic chiral interactions among electric dipoles left ferroelectrics aside in this quest. Here, we demonstrate that a helical polarization coiled into another helix, namely a polar superhelix, can be extrinsically stabilized in ferroelectric nanosprings. The interplay between dipolar interactions confined in the chiral geometry and the complex strain field of mixed bending and twisting induces the superhelical configuration of electric polarization. The geometrical structure of the polar superhelix gives rise to electric chiralities at two different length scales and the coexistence of three order parameters, i.e., polarization, toroidization, and hypertoroidization, both of which can be manipulated by homogeneous electric and/or mechanical fields. Our work therefore provides a new geometrical configuration of swirling dipolar fields, which offers the possibility of multiple order-parameters, and electromechanically controllable dipolar chiralities and associated electro-optical responses.
Friendship: Operationalizing the Intangible to Improve Friendship-Based Outcomes for Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Finke Erinn H. 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have social deficits that affect making and maintaining friends. Many empirically tested methods to address these social deficits are available, yet difficulties related to the establishment and maintenance of authentic friendships persist.

Method
This viewpoint article (a) briefly reviews the current state of the science relative to social and friendship skills training for individuals with ASD, (b) considers the potential links (or lack thereof) between current social and friendship skill interventions for individuals with ASD and outcomes related to making and maintaining friends, (c) examines how friendship-related outcomes might be maximized, and (d) proposes a framework for intervention planning that may promote these valued outcomes.

Results
There are several key concepts to consider in planning intervention targeting friendship as an outcome. These concepts include (a) equal status, (b) mutually motivating and authentic opportunities for interaction, and (c) frequent opportunities for interaction.

Conclusions
There are many aspects about friendship development that cannot be controlled or contrived. Much is still to be learned about the achievement of better friendships for individuals with ASD. Reconceptualizing the way we design intervention may promote better outcomes for individuals on the autism spectrum.
Towards a Theory of Learning for Naming Rehabilitation: Retrieval Practice and Spacing Effects
Authors: Middleton Erica L. , Schwartz Myrna F. , Rawson Katherine A. , Traut Hilary , Verkuilen Jay 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this article was to examine how different types of learning experiences affect naming impairment in aphasia.

Methods

In 4 people with aphasia with naming impairment, we compared the benefits of naming treatment that emphasized
retrieval practice
(practice retrieving target names from long-term memory) with
errorless learning
(repetition training, which preempts retrieval practice) according to different schedules of learning. The design was within subjects. Items were administered for multiple training trials for retrieval practice or repetition in a
spaced
schedule (an item's trials were separated by multiple unrelated trials) or
massed
schedule (1 trial intervened between an item's trials). In the spaced condition, we studied 3 magnitudes of spacing to evaluate the impact of effortful retrieval during training on the ultimate benefits conferred by retrieval practice naming treatment. The primary outcome was performance on a retention test of naming after 1 day, with a follow-up test after 1 week.

Results
Group analyses revealed that retrieval practice outperformed errorless learning, and spaced learning outperformed massed learning at retention test and at follow-up. Increases in spacing in the retrieval practice condition yielded more robust learning of retrieved information.

Conclusion
This study delineates the importance of retrieval practice and spacing for treating naming impairment in aphasia.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14963925
Libraries for the future: the role of IT utilities in the transformation of academic libraries
Authors: Tait Elizabeth , Martzoukou Konstantina , Reid Peter 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article presents an evaluation of the role of IT utilities in the transformation of academic library services. It begins with a brief overview of the historical development of academic libraries followed by a discussion of current challenges and opportunities for academic libraries. It then offers reflections on the changing role and focus of academic libraries, evident, for example, via the reduction of physical book stock and through an increased focus on collaborative learning spaces. The article also discusses examples of innovative technological developments for learning, data management and the impact of these on the academic library sector, including the need for library staff to develop new skills and roles such as “embedded” librarian roles. The article concludes with reflections on future developments and the role of IT Utilities.
Red Scare 2.0
Authors: Fuchs Christian 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This paper asks: How has Jeremy Corbyn been framed in discourses on Twitter in an ideological manner and how have such ideological discourses been challenged? It uses ideology critique as method for the investigation of tweets mentioning Jeremy Corbyn that were collected during the final phase of the Labour Party’s 2015 leadership election. The analysis shows how user-generated ideology portrays Jeremy Corbyn by creating discourse topics focused on general scapegoating, the economy, foreign politics, culture and authoritarianism.
Assessing soil permeability impacts from irrigation with marginal-quality waters.
Authors: Sposito G. , Oster J. D. , Smith C. J. , Assouline S. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Increasing global freshwater scarcity and the demand for food from an expanding world population point to an urgent need to develop treated wastewater (WW) generated by farms and municipalities as an alternative water resource for irrigated agriculture. This approach, however, cannot be successful without an accurate assessment of its potential for causing a serious reduction in soil permeability, as numerous case studies have shown. In addition to sodium, treated WWs can have elevated concentrations of potassium, magnesium and organic carbon, which also may impact soil structure negatively. However, no irrigation water quality guidelines for these constituents exist in order to assess this possibility. This review documents field and laboratory evidence for potassium and magnesium as dispersive cations, as well as the impacts of dissolved organic carbon on exchangeable sodium and soil permeability. In light of the evidence presented, a recently-proposed irrigation water quality parameter, the Cation Ratio of Structural Stability, is evaluated as to its ability to predict potential soil permeability problems arising from exchangeable potassium and magnesium that are not accounted for in standard irrigation water quality criteria. The effect of dissolved organic carbon on this new diagnostic parameter, as well as its incorporation into irrigation water quality criteria, are discussed along with the role that transient-state models having both transport and geochemistry components will play in the continuing development of guidelines for using marginal-quality water in irrigated agriculture.
Performance and physiological effects of different descending strategies for cross‐country mountain biking
Authors: Miller Matthew C. , Macdermid Paul W. , Fink Phil W. , Stannard Stephen R. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis study investigated the performance‐related feasibility and physiological benefits of purposefully eliminating propulsive work while descending in mountain biking and compared values to those measured during road descending. Participants cycled uphill on a road at race pace before descending over three conditions (off‐road pedalling; off‐road coasting; road coasting). Relatively low power output during off‐road pedalling was associated with a greater oxygen uptake (p < .01) when compared with off‐road coasting despite no difference in vibration exposure (p > .05). Importantly, pedalling did not invoke a performance benefit (p > .05) on the descent used in this study. Significantly greater heart rate and oxygen uptake (both p < .01) were observed between road and off‐road descending, likely caused by the increase in terrain‐induced vibrations (p < .01) experienced between the bicycle and rider. Results indicate that reducing propulsive work during descending can improve recovery without being disadvantageous to performance. Similarly, the vibrations experienced during road descending are relatively low, and further reduce oxygen cost. In an effort to increase efficiency, it is recommended that mountain bike athletes focus on skills to increase descending speed without the addition of pedalling, and that equipment be used to decrease vibrations nearer to those seen on the road.