bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roles of PFKFB3 in cancer
Authors: Shi Linlin , Pan Hongming , Liu Zhen , Xie Jiansheng , Han Weidong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe understanding of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFK-2/FBPase 3, PFKFB3) has advanced considerably since its initial identification in human macrophages in the mid-1990s. As a vital regulator of glycolysis, accumulating studies have suggested that PFKFB3 is associated with many aspects of cancer, including carcinogenesis, cancer cell proliferation, vessel aggressiveness, drug resistance and tumor microenvironment. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of PFKFB3 regulation by several signal pathways and its function in cancer development in different cell types in cancer tissues. Ubiquitous PFKFB3 has emerged as a potential target for anti-neoplastic therapy.
Divider‐less SAR‐based ADDLL
Authors: Hwang C.‐S. , Chu T.‐L. , Chen Y.‐G. 
Published: November 2017

A new all‐digital delay‐locked loop (ADDLL) using successive‐approximation register (SAR) control scheme is presented. The proposed circuit architecture can effectively perform the per‐bit acquisition within one clock cycle. Therefore, the divider for generating internal SAR clocks can be further removed to achieve fast‐locking capability. Meanwhile, the harmonic‐locking problem that often occurs in a wide range of operating frequencies is also eliminated. The test chip is designed and verified with CMOS 0.18 μm technology. The measured acquisition cycles for all operating frequencies (100–800 MHz) are constant as 11 when a 10‐bit digital‐controlled delay line is employed. The rms/peak‐to‐peak jitters at the highest and lowest frequencies are 0.775/5.73 and 1.08/8.27 ps, respectively. The chip core occupies an active area of 0.015 mm2 and consumes 9.4 mW at 800 MHz.
In Situ Endothelialization Promoted by SEMA4D and CXCL12 for Titanium-Based Biomaterials
Authors: Cui Yuanyuan , Zhou Feng , Wei Lai , Song Qiang , Tan Jianying , Zeng Zheng , Huang Nan , Chen Junying 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn situ endothelialization, aiming to create implantation surfaces capable of self-endothelialization, seems to be an extremely promising solution, particularly on those blood-contacting surfaces. In this research study, we immobilized the soluble semaphorin 4D (SEMA4D) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) biomolecules together with heparin onto the metal-based biomaterial surfaces to achieve in situ endothelialization of modified samples both by stimulating the neighboring endothelial cells (ECs) migration and by capturing the circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) directly from the blood circulation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data demonstrate the successful immobilization of SEMA4D and CXCL12. Due to the presence of heparin, hemocompatibility was also improved after modification. Although EC migration was mainly mediated by SEMA4D with the coordination of CXCL12, EC proliferation and haptotaxis property were also enhanced, while EC chemotaxis was slightly suppressed because the further immobilization of CXCL12 influences the release of SEMA4D. The results of the ex vivo EPC capturing assay indicated the mobilization of CXCL12 promotes EPC adhesion. In vivo implantation further demonstrated that CXCL12 cooperates with SEMA4D to promote a process of in situ endothelialization.
Minimal Invasive Teil-Korporektomie von direkt lateral – Erfahrungen an einer Serie von 45 Patienten
Authors: Dützmann Stephan , Cole Tyler , Seifert Volker , Setzer Matthias , Weise Lutz 
Published: November 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Der direkt laterale Zugangsweg hat in den letzten Jahren zunehmend an Popularität gewonnen. Er könnte neben der Diskektomie aber auch für Teil-Korporektomien an der thorakolumbalen Wirbelsäule genutzt werden. Wir präsentieren hiermit nun unsere Erfahrung der letzten 5 Jahre (2012 – 2017).
Methoden Es wurde retrospektiv unsere Datenbank ausgewertet, die ab 2012 kurz nach Markteinführung alle Patienten erfasste. Es wurden prä- und postoperative CT- und Röntgenaufnahmen in unserem PACS-System gespeichert. Die Patienten wurden 3 Monate nach der Operation erneut in unserer Ambulanz gesehen und das klinische Outcome bestimmt. Eine Vergleichsgruppe konnte für die Schmerzanalyse bei Patienten mit Metastasen an der Wirbelsäule gebildet werden, da nicht alle Patienten über denselben Zugang in dem Zeitraum operiert wurden.
Ergebnisse Im Zeitraum zwischen März 2012 und März 2017 wurden 45 Patienten in den Höhen Th7 bis L4 operiert. Bei 30 Patienten waren spinale Metastasen die Indikation und bei 15 Patienten lag eine Berstungsfraktur zugrunde. Im gleichen Zeitraum wurde bei 8 Patienten eine Kostotransversektomie als operativer Zugang zur Resektion von osteolytischen Metastasen an der Wirbelsäule durchgeführt. Bei 88 % der Patienten konnte eine 90 %-Deckplattenabdeckung erreicht werden. In der Vergleichsanalyse zeigte sich, dass die Patienten, die sich einem minimalinvasiven lateralen Zugang unterzogen, einen signifikant geringeren kombinierten Blutverlust und weniger unmittelbar postoperative Schmerzen hatten. Neurologische Komplikationen erlitten 6 Patienten (13 %). Implantatassoziierte Komplikationen wurden in 7 Fällen (15 %) beobachtet, davon 5 revisionspflichtig.
Schlussfolgerung Unsere Serie untersucht anhand von 45 Patienten die mini-open direkt laterale Teil-Korporektomie. Diese Technik ist ein wertvolles minimalinvasives Zugangsverfahren für Tumoren und Frakturen der Wirbelsäule insbesondere bei Wirbelkörperdestruktionen mit der Möglichkeit einer exzellenten Deckplattenabdeckung durch das lateral eingebrachte Implantat. Weitere Nachuntersuchungen und Erfahrungen sind notwendig, um das Indikationsspektrum sowie die Langzeitergebnisse zu untersuchen.
Radiologische Bildgebung der Spondylodiszitis
Authors: Heller Matthias , Davis Karen , Rauschmann Michael , Vogl Thomas 
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungDer radiologischen Bildgebung der vertebralen Infektionen kommt eine zentrale Rolle in der Initialdiagnostik wie auch der Verlaufsbeurteilung zu. Der Artikel beschreibt die verschiedenen Möglichkeiten der Bildgebung, deren Vorteile und Grenzen. Der Schwerpunkt liegt hierbei auf der pyogenen Spondylodiszitis. Daneben werden die typischen bildmorphologischen Kriterien unter Berücksichtigung verschiedener Erreger erläutert. Zusätzlich befasst sich der Artikel mit den möglichen Differenzialdiagnosen.
Stärkung von Public Health durch Stärkung der Public-Health-Forschung
Authors: Kurth Bärbel , Kurth Tobias 
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungPublic-Health-Forschung ist anwendungsorientiert, ihr großes Potenzial liegt in der Verzahnung von Wissenschaft und Praxis sowie ihrer Interdisziplinarität und Methodenkompetenz. Public-Health-Forschung ist auf die Entwicklung und Evaluation von Maßnahmen gerichtet, die dem Schutz und der Verbesserung der Gesundheit der Bevölkerung dienen. Dabei muss sie ihren Beitrag zur Bewältigung der neuen Herausforderungen durch den demografischen Wandel, die Digitalisierung, die neuen Kommunikationsformen und den medizinischen Fortschritt leisten. Durch Bündelung der Kräfte sollten sich die Public-Health-Wissenschaftler aktiv in die Politikberatung einbringen und für eine adäquate Forschungsförderung eintreten.
Zersplitterte Heterogenität als Leitmotiv der Public-Health-Praxis in Deutschland?
Authors: Altgeld Thomas 
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungHeterogenität stellt in Deutschland ein konstitutives Element der Public-Health-Praxis dar. Der Öffentliche Gesundheitsdienst als traditionelles Handlungsfeld von Public Health steht genau wie die zur Zeit boomende Gesundheitsförderungs- und Präventionslandschaft vor großen Herausforderungen, um mehr Gesundheit vulnerabler Bevölkerungsgruppen herzustellen. Mehr Ausgaben für kleinteilige Präventionskonzepte und eine enorme Ausdifferenzierung von Berufsbildern sind dabei nicht per se förderlich. Die Zukunft der Public-Health-Praxis liegt vielmehr in der Entwicklung integrierter kommunaler Handlungskonzepte, wie sie bspw. Präventionsketten darstellen.
Hochwirksame Antikonvulsion mit Eindosierung von Levetiractam in der Alkoholentzugsbehandlung
Authors: Hamel Andreas 
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungLevetiracetam ist ein Antikonvulsivum mit guter Verträglichkeit in einer oralen und intravenösen Darreichungsform. Ein Alkoholentzugsanfall ist eine Komplikation mit möglichen schwerwiegenden gesundheitlichen Folgen. In dieser Studie wurde untersucht ob eine konsequente Gabe einer Antikonvulsion mit Carbamazepin oder Levetiracetam zu einer Reduktion von epileptischen Anfällen während einer stationären Alkoholentzugsbehandlung führte. Es wurden Patientenakten von 422 Personen nach Abschluss einer Alkoholentzugsbehandlung in einem Zeitraum von 127 Tagen Ende 2015 und Anfang 2016 untersucht. Es kam in diesem Zeitraum insgesamt zu 6 epileptischen Anfällen. Bei beiden oben angeführten Antikonvulsiva kam es zu einer deutlichen Reduktion der Anfälle; Levetiracetam (1 Anfall bei 117 Fällen) und Carbamazepin (1 Anfall bei 16 Fällen).
Evaluating the promise and pitfalls of a potential climate change–tolerant sea urchin fishery in southern California
Authors: Sato Kirk N , Powell Jackson , Rudie Dave , Levin Lisa A 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMarine fishery stakeholders are beginning to consider and implement adaptation strategies in the face of growing consumer demand and potential deleterious climate change impacts such as ocean warming, ocean acidification, and deoxygenation. This study investigates the potential for development of a novel climate change-tolerant sea urchin fishery in southern California based on Strongylocentrotus fragilis (pink sea urchin), a deep-sea species whose peak density was found to coincide with a current trap-based spot prawn fishery (Pandalus platyceros) in the 200–300-m depth range. Here we outline potential criteria for a climate change-tolerant fishery by examining the distribution, life-history attributes, and marketable qualities of S. fragilis in southern California. We provide evidence of seasonality of gonad production and demonstrate that peak gonad production occurs in the winter season. S. fragilis likely spawns in the spring season as evidenced by consistent minimum gonad indices in the spring/summer seasons across 4 years of sampling (2012–2016). The resiliency of S. fragilis to predicted future increases in acidity and decreases in oxygen was supported by high species abundance, albeit reduced relative growth rate estimates at water depths (485–510 m) subject to low oxygen (11.7–16.9 µmol kg−1) and pHTotal (&lt;7.44), which may provide assurances to stakeholders and managers regarding the suitability of this species for commercial exploitation. Some food quality properties of the S. fragilis roe (e.g. colour, texture) were comparable with those of the commercially exploited shallow-water red sea urchin (Mesocentrotus franciscanus), while other qualities (e.g. 80% reduced gonad size by weight) limit the potential future marketability of S. fragilis. This case study highlights the potential future challenges and drawbacks of climate-tolerant fishery development in an attempt to inform future urchin fishery stakeholders.
Substituting model-based indicators in Harvest Control Rules by observations using fuzzy logic methodology
Authors: Eide Arne 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Harvest Control Rules are predefined heuristic decision rules to provide quota advices for managed fisheries. Frequently statistical methods and biological assumptions expressed in mathematical models, are used to provide the Harvest Control Rules with initial information (indicators values). The aim of this article is to investigate a possible way forward of replacing these inputs by quantities of measurable observations, e.g. catch-at-age statistics. The article presents a method by which recruitment indexes and stock biomass indicators are obtained by non-parametric use of annual catch-at-age records, without filtering the raw data (observations) through mathematical models. Two related methods, applied on three empirical cases, are provided: First, showing that recruitment strengths of the Northeast Arctic cod, haddock, and saithe stocks, obtained by fuzzy logic methodology, are satisfactory captures by the use of catch-at-age data. Second, stock size indicators are estimated for the three species by the same catch-at-age data. The second task turns out to be more challenging than the first, but also in the case of stock size evaluation, the suggested procedure provides reasonable results when compared to standard stock assessment methods.
Signaling-dependent control of apical membrane size and self-renewal in rosette-stage human neuroepithelial stem cells
Authors: Medelnik Jan-Philip , Roensch Kathleen , Okawa Satoshi , del Sol Antonio , Chara Osvaldo , Mchedlishvili Levan , Tanaka Elly M. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryIn the early developing nervous system, self-renewing neural stem cells are polarized and maintain an apical domain facing a central lumen. The presence of apical membrane is thought to have a profound influence on maintaining the stem cell state. With the onset of neurogenesis cells lose their polarization and the concomitant loss of the apical domain coincides with a loss of the stem cell identity. Very little is known about the molecular signals controlling apical membrane size. Here we use two neuroepithelial cell systems, one derived from regenerating axolotl spinal cord and the other from human ESCs to identify a conserved molecular signalling pathway initiated by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) that controls apical membrane size and consequently controls and maintains epithelial organization and lumen size in neuroepithelial rosettes. This apical domain size increase occurs independently of effects on proliferation and involves a SRF-dependent transcriptional induction of junctional and apical membrane components.
Real-Time Tracking of Selective Auditory Attention from M/EEG: A Bayesian Filtering Approach
Authors: Miran Sina , Akram Sahar , Sheikhattar Alireza , Simon Jonathan Z. , Zhang Tao , Babadi Behtash 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHumans are able to identify and track a target speaker amid a cacophony of acoustic interference, which is often referred to as the cocktail party phenomenon. Results from several decades of studying this phenomenon have culminated in recent years in various promising attempts to decode the attentional state of a listener in a competing-speaker environment from non-invasive neuroimaging recordings such as magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG). To this end, most existing approaches compute correlation-based measures by either regressing the features of each speech stream to the M/EEG channels (the decoding approach) or vice versa (the encoding approach). These procedures operate in an offline fashion, i.e., require the entire duration of the experiment and multiple trials to provide robust results. Therefore, they cannot be used in emerging applications such as smart hearing aid devices, where a single trial must be used in real-time to decode the attentional state. In this paper, we close this gap by developing an algorithmic pipeline for real-time decoding of the attentional state. Our proposed framework consists of three main modules: 1) Real-time and robust estimation of encoding or decoding coefficients, achieved by sparse adaptive filtering, 2) Extracting reliable markers of the attentional state, and thereby generalizing the widely-used correlation-based measures thereof, and 3) Devising a near real-time state-space estimator that translates the noisy and variable attention markers to robust and reliable estimates of the attentional state with minimal delay. Our proposed algorithms integrate various techniques including forgetting factor-based adaptive filtering, ℓ1-regularization, forward-backward splitting algorithms, fixed-lag smoothing, and Expectation Maximization. We validate the performance of our proposed framework using comprehensive simulations as well as application to experimentally acquired M/EEG data. Our results reveal that the proposed real-time algorithms perform nearly as accurate as the existing state-of-the-art offline techniques, while providing a significant degree of adaptivity, statistical robustness, and computational savings.
Previously Hidden Dynamics at the TCR-pMHC Interface Revealed
Authors: Fodor James , Riley Blake T. , Borg Natalie A. , Buckle Ashley M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA structural characterization of the interaction between T cell receptors (TCR) and cognate peptide-MHC (pMHC) is central to understanding adaptive T cell mediated immunity. X-ray crystallography, although the source of much structural data, traditionally provides only a static snapshot of the protein. Given the emerging evidence for the important role of conformational dynamics in protein function, we interrogated 309 crystallographic structures of pMHC complexes using ensemble refinement, a technique that can extract dynamic information from the X-ray data. We found that in a large number of systems ensemble methods were able to uncover previously hidden evidence of significant conformational plasticity, thereby revealing additional information that can build upon and significantly enhance functional interpretations that are based on a single static structure. Notable examples include the interpretation of differences in the disease association of HLA subtypes, the relationship between peptide prominence and TCR recognition, the role of conformational flexibility in vaccine design, and discriminating between induced fit and conformational selection models of TCR binding. We show that the currently widespread practise of analyzing pMHC interactions via the study of a single crystallographic structure does not make use of pertinent and easily accessible information from X-ray data concerning alternative protein conformations. This new analysis therefore not only highlights the capacity for ensemble methods to significantly enrich the interpretation of decades of structural data, but also provides previously missing information concerning the dynamics of existing characterized TCR-pMHC interactions.
HSF2 Co-regulates Protein-coding and Long Non-coding RNA Genes Specific to Black Tissues of the Black Chicken, Yeonsan Ogye
Authors: Hong Hyosun , Chai Han-Ha , Nam Kyoungwoo , Lim Dajeong , Lee Kyung-Tai , Do Yoon Jung , Cho Chang-Yeon , Nam Jin-Wu 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe Yeonsan Ogye (Ogye) is a rare Korean domestic chicken breed, the entire body of which, including its feathers and skin, has a unique black coloring. Although some protein-coding genes related to this unique feature have been examined, non-coding elements have not been globally investigated. In this study, high-throughput RNA sequencing and DNA methylation sequencing were performed to dissect the expression landscape of 14,264 Ogye protein-coding and 6900 long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) genes along with DNA methylation landscape in twenty different Ogye tissues. About 75% of Ogye lncRNAs showed tissue-specific expression whereas about 45% of protein-coding genes did. For some genes, the tissue-specific expression levels were inversely correlated with DNA methylation levels in their promoters. About 39% of the tissue-specific lncRNAs displayed functional association with proximal or distal protein-coding genes. In particular, heat shock transcription factor 2 (HSF2)-associated lncRNAs were discovered to be functionally linked to protein-coding genes that are specifically expressed in black skin tissues, tended to be more syntenically conserved in mammals, and were differentially expressed in black tissues relative to white tissues. Our results not only facilitate understanding how the non-coding genome regulates unique phenotypes but also should be of use for future genomic breeding of chickens.
A comparison of root and shoot hydraulics, aquaporin expression and leaf gas exchange between two grapevine cultivars reveals differences in hydraulic control mediated by aquaporins
Authors: Dayer Silvina , Scharwies Johannes Daniel , Ramesh Sunita , Sullivan Wendy , Doerflinger Franziska , Pagay Vinay , Tyerman Stephen D 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTHydraulics of plants that take different strategies of stomatal control under water stress are still relatively poorly understood. Here we explore how root and shoot hydraulics, gas exchange, aquaporin expression and abscisic acid (ABA) concentration in leaf xylem sap ([ABA]xylem) may be involved and coordinated. A comparison in responses to mild water stress and ABA application was made between two cultivars of Vitis vinifera L. previously classified as isohydric (Grenache) and anisohydric (Syrah). Grenache showed stronger adjustments of leaf, plant, and root hydraulic conductances to decreased soil moisture and a steeper correlation of stomatal conductance (gs) to [ABA]xylem than Syrah resulting in greater conservation of soil moisture, but not necessarily more isohydric behaviour. Under well-watered conditions, changes in vapour pressure deficit (VPD) had a strong influence on gs in both cultivars with adjustments of leaf hydraulic conductance. Grenache was more sensitive to decreases in soil water availability compared to Syrah that rather responded to VPD. There were stronger correlations between plant hydraulic parameters and changes in aquaporin gene expression in leaves and roots of Grenache. Overall, the results reinforce the hypothesis that both hydraulic and chemical signals significantly contribute to the differences in water conservation behaviours of the two cultivars.
Ranked tree shapes, non-random extinctions and the loss of phylogenetic diversity
Authors: Maliet Odile , Gascuel Fanny , Lambert Amaury 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPhylogenetic diversity (PD) is a measure of the evolutionary legacy of a group of species, which can be used to define conservation priorities. It has been shown that an important loss of species diversity can sometimes lead to a much less important loss of PD, depending on the topology of the species tree and on the distribution of its branch lengths. However, the rate of decrease of PD strongly depends on the relative depths of the nodes in the tree and on the order in which species become extinct. We introduce a new, sampling-consistent, three-parameter model generating random trees with covarying topology, clade relative depths and clade relative extinction risks. This model can be seen as an extension to Aldous’ one parameter splitting modelβ, which controls for tree balance) with two additional parameters: a new parameterαquantifying the correlation between the richness of a clade and its relative depth, and a parameterηquantifying the correlation between the richness of a clade and its frequency (relative abundance or range), taken herein as a proxy for its overall extinction risk. We show on simulated phylogenies that loss of PD depends on the combined effect of all three parameters,β, αandη. In particular, PD may decrease as fast as species diversity when high extinction risks are clustered within small, old clades, corresponding to a parameter range that we term the ‘thin ice zone’ (β< –1 orα< 0;η> 1). Besides, when high extinction risks are clustered within large clades, the loss of PD can be higher in trees that are more balanced (β> 0), in contrast to the predictions of earlier studies based on simpler models. We propose a Monte-Carlo algorithm, tested on simulated data, to infer all three parameters. Applying it to a real dataset comprising 120 bird clades (class Aves) with known range sizes, we show that parameter estimates precisely fall close to close to a ‘thin ice zone’: the combination of their ranking tree shape and non-random extinctions risks makes them prone to a sudden collapse of PD.