bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The lonely algorithm problem: the relationship between algorithmic personalization and social connectedness on TikTok
Authors: Taylor Samuel Hardman , Chen Y Anthony 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Many major social media companies have claimed that their social feed algorithms were designed to promote relational well-being and enhance social connection. This project tested part of these claims by investigating if algorithmic personalization predicted social connectedness on TikTok, where connecting with identity-relevant media content is prioritized over interpersonal interaction. Drawing from the algorithm responsiveness process, we identified perceived algorithm responsiveness (PAR) and perceived algorithm insensitivity (PAI) as perceptual mechanisms of how algorithmic personalization relates to social connectedness. In two preregistered studies, an online survey and a 2-week daily diary survey, results suggested that the TikTok For You algorithm curating frequent and positively valenced identity-relevant content was associated with higher PAR and less PAI. In turn, higher levels of PAR predicted more social connectedness, but PAI did not. These findings highlight the sociotechnical dynamics of algorithms, suggesting human–algorithm interaction predicted social connectedness not only an algorithm’s code.
Civil Society’s Endgame
Authors: Sutherland Kirsty 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article seeks to examine the contributions of civil society to modern peoples’ tribunals, the extent to which adherence to ‘legal’ processes serves the victims of serious human rights violations, and how these efforts have interacted with ‘formal’ legal spaces. While recognizing that every situation responds to and raises distinct and complex issues and needs, a look at the history, contexts, and development of civil society-led accountability efforts illuminates their contributions to stemming the impunity gulf of today’s ‘formal’ accountability architecture. The article specifically examines the Uyghur Tribunal and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Inquiries as examples of recent civil society-led tribunals, considering the modalities and contexts of their establishment, the evidential contributions of civil society, the legal attitudes assumed by the tribunals, and — to the extent possible — their impact on ‘formal’ accountability spaces. In so doing, it aims to highlight identifiable features of these recent ‘informal’ tribunals to encourage a discussion of the opportunities and challenges that might be encountered in future civil society-led accountability efforts. Notwithstanding the structured gaze of legal categorizations and its modulation of victims’ voices and witnesses’ experiences, this article suggests that close adherence to formal legal standards and procedures may serve to optimize the opportunity to secure, test, and enhance the evidential value of the material arduously collected by civil society, and thus best serve the interests of victims and survivors of violations of international law.
Comparative dissection of transcriptional landscapes of human iPSC-NK differentiation and NK cell development
Authors: Zhang Li , Weiskittel Taylor M , Zhu Yuqing , Xue Dixuan , Zhang Hailing , Shen Yuxuan , Yu Hua , Li Jingyu , Hou Linxiao , Guo Hongshan , Dai Zhijun , Li Hu , Zhang Jin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Clinical and preclinical research has demonstrated that iPSC-derived NK (iNK) cells have a high therapeutic potential, yet poor understanding of the detailed process of their differentiation in vitro and their counterpart cell development in vivo has hindered therapeutic iNK cell production and engineering. Here we dissect the crucial differentiation of both fetal liver NK cells and iNK cells to enable the rational design of advanced iNK production protocols. We use a comparative analysis of single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) to pinpoint key factors lacking in the induced setting which we hypothesized would hinder iNK differentiation and/ or functionality. By analyzing key transcription factor regulatory networks, we discovered the importance of TBX21, EOMES, and STAT5A in the differentiation timeline. This analysis provides a blueprint for further engineering new iPSC lines to obtain iNK cells with enhanced functions. We validated this approach by creating a new line of STAT5A-iPSCs which can be differentiated to STAT5A-expressing macrophages with both NK cell and macrophage features such as perforin production, phagocytosis, and anti-tumor functions.
The structural properties of nearby dwarf galaxies in low-density environments – size, surface brightness, and colour gradients
Authors: Lazar I , Kaviraj S , Watkins A E , Martin G , Bichang’a B , Jackson R A 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
We use a complete sample of 211 nearby ($z&lt; 0.08$), dwarf (10$^{8}$ M$_{\odot }$ &lt; $M_{\rm {\star }}$ &lt; 10$^{9.5}$ M$_{\odot }$) galaxies in low-density environments, to study their structural properties: effective radii ($R_{\rm e }$), effective surface brightnesses ($\langle \mu \rangle _{\rm e}$), and colour gradients. We explore these properties as a function of stellar mass and the three principal dwarf morphological types identified in a companion paper – early-type galaxies (ETGs), late-type galaxies (LTGs), and featureless systems. The median $R_{\rm e }$ of LTGs and featureless galaxies are factors of $\sim$2 and $\sim$1.2 larger than the ETGs. While the median $\langle \mu \rangle _{\rm e}$ of the ETGs and LTGs is similar, the featureless class is $\sim$1 mag arcsec$^{-2}$ fainter. Although they have similar median $R_{\rm e }$, the featureless and ETG classes differ significantly in their median $\langle \mu \rangle _{\rm e}$, suggesting that their evolution is different and that the featureless galaxies are not a subset of the ETGs. While massive ETGs typically exhibit negative or flat colour gradients, dwarf ETGs generally show positive colour gradients (bluer centres). The growth of ETGs therefore changes from being ‘outside-in’ to ‘inside-out’ as we move from the dwarf to the massive regime. The colour gradients of dwarf and massive LTGs are, however, similar. Around 46 per cent of dwarf ETGs show prominent, visually identifiable blue cores which extend out to $\sim$1.5$R_{\rm e}$. Finally, compared to their non-interacting counterparts, interacting dwarfs are larger, bluer at all radii and exhibit similar median $\langle \mu \rangle _{\rm e}$, indicating that interactions typically enhance star formation across the entire galaxy.
Most Pleiotropic Effects of Gene Knockouts Are Evolutionarily Transient in Yeasts
Authors: Liu Li , Liu Yao , Min Lulu , Zhou Zhenzhen , He Xingxing , Xie YunHan , Cao Waifang , Deng Shuyun , Lin Xiaoju , He Xionglei , Chen Xiaoshu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Pleiotropy, the phenomenon in which a single gene influences multiple traits, is a fundamental concept in genetics. However, the evolutionary mechanisms underlying pleiotropy require further investigation. In this study, we conducted parallel gene knockouts targeting 100 transcription factors in 2 strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We systematically examined and quantified the pleiotropic effects of these knockouts on gene expression levels for each transcription factor. Our results showed that the knockout of a single gene generally affected the expression levels of multiple genes in both strains, indicating various degrees of pleiotropic effects. Strikingly, the pleiotropic effects of the knockouts change rapidly between strains in different genetic backgrounds, and ∼85% of them were nonconserved. Further analysis revealed that the conserved effects tended to be functionally associated with the deleted transcription factors, while the nonconserved effects appeared to be more ad hoc responses. In addition, we measured 184 yeast cell morphological traits in these knockouts and found consistent patterns. In order to investigate the evolutionary processes underlying pleiotropy, we examined the pleiotropic effects of standing genetic variations in a population consisting of ∼1,000 hybrid progenies of the 2 strains. We observed that newly evolved expression quantitative trait loci impacted the expression of a greater number of genes than did old expression quantitative trait loci, suggesting that natural selection is gradually eliminating maladaptive or slightly deleterious pleiotropic responses. Overall, our results show that, although being prevalent for new mutations, the majority of pleiotropic effects observed are evolutionarily transient, which explains how evolution proceeds despite complicated pleiotropic effects.
Low-threshold anisotropic polychromatic emission from monodisperse quantum dots
Authors: Tan Yangzhi , Fu Wai Yuen , Lin Hemin , Wu Dan , Sun Xiao Wei , Choi Hoi Wai , Wang Kai 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are solution-processable semiconductor nanocrystals with favorable optoelectronic characteristics, one of which is their multi-excitonic behavior that enables broadband polychromatic light generation and amplification from monodisperse QDs. However, the practicality of this has been limited by the difficulty in achieving spatial separation and patterning of different colors as well as the high pumping intensity required to excite the multi-excitonic states. Here, we have addressed these issues by integrating monodisperse QDs in multi-excitonic states into a specially designed cavity, in which the QDs exhibit an anisotropic polychromatic emission (APE) characteristic that allows for tuning the emission from green to red by shifting the observation direction from perpendicular to lateral. Subsequently, the APE threshold under 300-ps pulsed excitation has been reduced from 32 to 21 μJ cm−2 by optimizing the cavity structure. Based on the manipulation of multi-excitonic emission and angle-dependent wavelength selectivity of the developed cavity, we have fabricated a full-color micro-pixel array with a pixel size as small as 23 μm by combining cavity-integrated monodisperse QDs and blue backlight. Furthermore, the threshold of APE under quasi-continuous-wave pumping was as low as 5 W cm−2, indicating its compatibility with commercial LEDs and/or laser diodes. Since APE arises from the multi-excitonic behavior of QDs that supports optical gain, its unprecedentedly low threshold suggests the feasibility of the diode-pumped colloidal QD laser. This work demonstrates a novel method of manipulating the QDs’ optical properties beyond controlling their size, composition or structure, and reveals great potential for achieving full-color emission using monodisperse QDs.
Rapid aqueous-phase dark reaction of phenols with nitrosonium ions: Novel mechanism for atmospheric nitrosation and nitration at low pH
Authors: Cai Baohua , Wang Yixiang , Yang Xin , Li Yanchen , Zhai Jinghao , Zeng Yaling , Ye Jianhuai , Zhu Lei , Fu Tzung-May , Zhang Qi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Dark aqueous-phase reactions involving the nitrosation and nitration of aromatic organic compounds play a significant role in the production of light-absorbing organic carbon in the atmosphere. This process constitutes a crucial aspect of tropospheric chemistry and has attracted growing research interest, particularly in understanding the mechanisms governing nighttime reactions between phenols and nitrogen oxides. In this study, we present new findings concerning the rapid dark reactions between phenols containing electron-donating groups and inorganic nitrite in acidic aqueous solutions with pH levels &lt;3.5. This reaction generates a substantial amount of nitroso- and nitro-substituted phenolic compounds, known for their light-absorbing properties and toxicity. In experiments utilizing various substituted phenols, we demonstrate that their reaction rates with nitrite depend on the electron cloud density of the benzene ring, indicative of an electrophilic substitution reaction mechanism. Control experiments and theoretical calculations indicate that the nitrosonium ion (NO+) is the reactive nitrogen species responsible for undergoing electrophilic reactions with phenolate anions, leading to the formation of nitroso-substituted phenolic compounds. These compounds then undergo partial oxidation to form nitro-substituted phenols through reactions with nitrous acid (HONO) or other oxidants like oxygen. Our findings unveil a novel mechanism for swift atmospheric nitrosation and nitration reactions that occur within acidic cloud droplets or aerosol water, providing valuable insights into the rapid nocturnal formation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds with significant implications for climate dynamics and human health.
Cognitive control: exploring the causal role of the rTPJ in empathy for pain mediated by contextual information
Authors: Hartmann Helena , Orlando Egle M , Borja Karina , Keysers Christian , Gazzola Valeria 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Empathy determines our emotional and social lives. Research has recognized the role of the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ) in social cognition; however, there is less direct causal evidence for its involvement in empathic responses to pain, which is typically attributed to simulation mechanisms. Given the rTPJ’s role in processing false beliefs and contextual information during social scenarios, we hypothesized that empathic responses to another person’s pain depend on the rTPJ if participants are given information about people’s intentions, engaging mentalizing mechanisms alongside simulative ones. Participants viewed videos of an actress freely showing or suppressing pain caused by an electric shock while receiving 6 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the rTPJ or sham vertex stimulation. Active rTMS had no significant effect on participants’ ratings depending on the pain expression, although participants rated the actress’s pain as lower during rTPJ perturbation. In contrast, rTMS accelerated response times for providing ratings during pain suppression. We also found that participants perceived the actress’s pain as more intense when they knew she would suppress it rather than show it. These results suggest an involvement of the rTPJ in attributing pain to others and provide new insights into people’s behavior in judging others’ pain when it is concealed.
Exploring the relationship between temporomandibular disorders and sexual function
Authors: Leonid Kalichman 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) encompass various conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint and surrounding structures, often presenting with pain, limited movement, and functional impairments. TMDs may affect kissing and oral sex, in addition to influencing sexual function, as any other chronic pain condition.

Objective
The study sought to examine the connection between TMDs and sexual function.

Methods
A literature review was conducted, synthesizing evidence from various disciplines, including dentistry, physical therapy, psychology, and sexual medicine. Relevant studies were analyzed to elucidate the multifaceted nature of TMDs and their potential impact on sexual health.

Results
Emerging evidence suggests a complex relationship between TMDs and sexual function, with chronic pain, psychological distress, and physiological factors potentially contributing to sexual dysfunction.

Conclusion
Understanding the interconnectedness of TMDs and sexual function is essential for providing comprehensive care. Further research is needed to assess the association between TMDs and sexual dysfunction, elucidate the underlying mechanisms, and develop targeted interventions that address both TMD symptoms and sexual health concerns.
The illegality defence in Singapore Trust Law: a refined Ochroid test
Authors: Jing Hui 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In the Singapore High Court decision of Lau Sheng Jan Alistair v Lau Cheok Joo Richard and Sng Gek Hong Cynthia, Goh Yihan JC, who delivered the judgment, addressed three issues: the rule in Saunders v Vauntier, the sham trust, and the illegality defence. Goh Yihan JC’s examination of the rule in Saunders v Vauntier and the sham trust adhered to well-established principles, resulting in limited originality in that part of the analysis. In contrast, Goh Yihan JC’s exploration of the illegality defence marked the first Singapore High Court decision to investigate the application of the Ochroid test within the context of trust law. This article responds to Goh Yihan JC’s analysis of the aforementioned three issues, with a primary focus on his reasoning surrounding the illegality defence. In this comment, both the strengths and weaknesses associated with Goh Yihan JC’s reasoning are explicitly emphasised.
Disclosure of Violence against Women and Girls in Senegal
Authors: Peterman Amber , Dione Malick , Le Port Agnes , Briaux Justine , Lamesse Fatma , Hidrobo Melissa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Measures of violence against women and girls (VAWG) are widely collected in surveys, yet estimates are acknowledged to be lower bounds of the true prevalence. This study reports on a survey experiment randomly assigning 3,400 women and girls to either face-to-face interviews or audio computer-assisted self-interviews (ACASI), a modality that increases privacy and confidentiality of responses. Results show the ACASI group discloses higher prevalence of lifetime intimate partner violence by 4 to 7 percentage points compared to face-to-face interviews. Differences in disclosure for nonpartner VAWG are even larger, ranging from 6 to 12 percentage points. Tests for correlates of characteristics that might lead to increased disclosure show few notable patterns. Overall results suggest ACASI are a promising way to encourage disclosure, however trade-offs include limits in the complexity of questions that can be asked and higher time costs associated with development and implementation of surveys.
Greenhouse Results Suggest that Disease Severity in Soybean (Glycine max), Caused by Diaporthe longicolla as Both a Stem and Seed Pathogen, May Not Be Correlated
Authors: Sureshbabu Bijula Mankara , Gillen Anne M. , Smith James R. , Mukaila Taofeek , Markell Samuel G. , Mathew Febina M. 
Published: September 2024

Diaporthe longicolla causes Diaporthe (Phomopsis) seed decay, as well as pod and stem blight in soybean ( Glycine max L.) in the United States. However, our understanding of the genetic basis of resistance to D. longicolla is limited. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the relationship between stem and seed infection caused by D. longicolla. Separate experiments were conducted to determine stem and seed infection, both using a completely randomized design. Thirty-nine accessions were screened against a single isolate of D. longicolla in both experiments. In the stem experiment, one mycelial plug was placed on the wound created on the stem at the second trifoliate stage, and the inoculated plants were incubated at 24 ± 3°C with 90% humidity for 7 days. In the seed experiment, seeds of each genotype were surface-sterilized, soaked in a mycelial suspension for 4 h, plated on 2% water agar, and incubated at 23 ± 2°C for 7 days. At 7 days postinoculation, significant differences in disease severity were observed among the genotypes in both the stem ( P < 0.0004) and seed ( P < 0.0001) experiments. Twenty-nine genotypes showed significantly less susceptibility to D. longicolla as a stem pathogen compared with the susceptible check ‘Hawkeye’, while 24 genotypes were significantly less susceptible compared with ‘LG03-4561-14’ in the seed experiment. However, there was no significant correlation between the disease severity caused by D. longicolla on the stem and seeds ( P > 0.05). These findings indicate that further research on the genetic resistance mechanisms associated with D. longicolla is important for the development of resistant cultivars. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
Proteomic analysis and in vivo visualization of extracellular vesicles from mouse oviducts during pre‐implantation embryo development
Authors: Stephens Kalli K. , Finnerty Ryan M. , Grant DeAna G. , Winuthayanon Sarayut , Martin‐DeLeon Patricia A. , Winuthayanon Wipawee 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPre‐implantation embryonic development occurs in the oviduct during the first few days of pregnancy. The presence of oviductal extracellular vesicles (oEVs, also called oviductosomes) is crucial for pre‐implantation embryonic development in vivo as oEVs often contain molecular transmitters such as proteins. Therefore, evaluating oEV cargo during early pregnancy could provide insights into factors required for proper early embryonic development that are missing in the current in vitro embryo culture setting. In this study, we isolated oEVs from the oviductal fluid at estrus and different stages of early embryonic development. The 2306–3066 proteins in oEVs identified at the different time points revealed 58–60 common EV markers identified in exosome databases. Oviductal extracellular vesicle proteins from pregnant samples significantly differed from those in non‐pregnant samples. In addition, superovulation changes the protein contents in oEVs compared to natural ovulation at estrus. Importantly, we have identified that embryo‐protectant proteins such as high‐mobility protein group B1 and serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor were only enriched in the presence of embryos. We also visualized the physical interaction of EVs and the zona pellucida of 4‐ to 8‐cell stage embryos using transmission electron microscopy as well as in vivo live imaging of epithelial cell‐derived GFP‐tagged CD9 mouse model. All protein data in this study are readily available to the scientific community in a searchable format at https://genes.winuthayanon.com/winuthayanon/oviduct_ev_proteins/. In conclusion, we identified oEVs proteins that could be tested to determine whether they can improve embryonic developmental outcomes in vivo and in vitro setting.
Optical microsensing reveals spatiotemporal oxygen dynamics in cornea wounds that affect healing via reactive oxygen species
Authors: Ma Li , Ferreira Fernando , Reid Brian , Guo Liang , Zhao Min 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOxygen (O2) metabolism plays a critical role in cornea wound healing, regeneration, and homeostasis; however, the underlying spatiotemporal mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we used an optical sensor to profile O2 flux in intact and wounded corneas of mouse eyes. Intact corneas have unique centrifugal O2 influx profiles, smallest flux at the cornea center, and highest at the limbus. Following cornea injury, the O2 influx profile presents three distinct consecutive phases: a “decreasing” phase from 0 to 6 h, a “recovering” phase from 12 to 48 h, and a ‘peak’ phase from 48 to 72 h, congruent to previously described healing phases. Immediately after wounding, the O2 influx drops at wound center and wound edge but does not change significantly at the wound side or limbus. Inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the decreasing phase significantly reduces O2 influx, decreases epithelial migration and consequently delays healing. The dynamics of O2 influx show a positive correlation with cell proliferation at the wound side, with significantly increased proliferation at the peak phase of O2 influx. This study elucidates the spatiotemporal O2 dynamics in both intact and wounded rodent cornea and shows the crucial role of O2 dynamics in regulating cell migration and proliferation through ROS metabolism, ultimately contributing to wound healing. These results demonstrate the usefulness of the micro‐optrode in the characterization of spatiotemporal O2 dynamics. Injury‐induced changes in O2 metabolism and ROS production modulate O2 dynamics at wound and control cell migration and proliferation, both essential for proper wound healing.