bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Redefining the Ideal Buttocks: A Population Analysis
Authors: Wong Wendy W. , Motakef Saba , Lin Yi , Gupta Subhas C. 
Published: May 2016

Background:
The buttocks are a key element of female beauty, with aesthetic gluteoplasty becoming one of the fastest growing plastic surgery procedures. However, there remains no clear standard for the ideal buttocks. The authors performed a population analysis of the characteristics of the ideal buttocks to guide surgical planning.

Methods:
Images of buttocks were digitally altered to create buttocks of varying proportions on posterior and lateral views. Waist-to-hip ratios and varying vertical proportions were studied. Data were stratified and analyzed according to age range, gender, ethnicity, and nationality of the respondents.

Results:
A total of 1146 responses were collected. Of 989 respondents who submitted their gluteal preferences, 482 respondents (48.7 percent) were women and 507 (51.3 percent) were men. Overall, the most attractive buttocks waist-to-hip ratio is 0.65 from the posterior view (44.2 percent of respondents). The next most attractive ratio was 0.60 (25 percent of respondents). Positioning of the lateral prominence at the inferior gluteal fold was rated by 26.3 percent of respondents as the most attractive. From the lateral view, the most attractive buttocks have a waist-to-hip ratio of 0.70 (29.8 percent of respondents), with the most prominent portion positioned at the midpoint of the buttocks (45.1 percent of respondents), which is a 50:50 vertical ratio. There were no significant differences in preferences between respondent ages, genders, or ethnicities.

Conclusions:
New ideal waist-to-hip ratios of 0.6 and 0.65 update the previous standards and indicate a more dramatic and “curvier” new ideal, signaling an important preference paradigm shift. The information derived from this study has the potential to guide gluteoplasty practices and techniques.
Skin-Reduction Breast Reconstructions with Prepectoral Implant
Authors: Caputo Glenda Giorgia , Marchetti Alberto , Dalla Pozza Edoardo , Vigato Enrico , Domenici Lavinia , Cigna Emanuele , Governa Maurizio 
Published: May 2016

Summary:
Skin-reduction mastectomy with prepectoral implant reconstruction is a novel technique for immediate breast reconstruction, with subcutaneous implant placement in patients eligible for skin-reducing mastectomy. Implants were placed above the pectoralis muscles in a compound pocket made by a dermal flap and acellular dermal matrix. The procedure was performed on 33 breasts in 27 selected patients. In three cases, there was skin ischemia; in one case, it healed spontaneously; and in two patients, a surgical necrosectomy and primary closure were needed. No implant loss occurred. This new technique proved to be a useful alternative, with good cosmetic results, in selected patients requiring mastectomy. These preliminary results need to be confirmed by long-term and comparative studies.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Queen Alexandra’s Knee
Authors: Pinals Robert S. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
In 1867, Alexandra, the 22-year-old Princess of Wales, late in her third pregnancy, had sudden onset of a febrile illness. There was a brief period of migratory arthritis, followed by persistent, severe inflammation in 1 knee. A diagnosis of rheumatic fever was made by her physicians, but the course of her illness differed greatly from the expected one. In this report reviewing her disorder, the suggestion is made that she more likely had gonococcal arthritis and that the infection was transmitted to her by her husband, the future King Edward VII, then known as “The Playboy Prince.”
Exploratory Phase II Trial to Evaluate the Safety and the Antiepileptic Effect of Pitolisant (BF2.649) in Refractory Partial Seizures, Given as Adjunctive Treatment During 3 Months
Authors: Collart Dutilleul Pierre , Ryvlin Philippe , Kahane Philippe , Vercueil Laurent , Semah Franck , Biraben Arnaud , Schwartz Jean-Charles , De Seze Jérôme , Hirsch Edouard , Collongues Nicolas 
Published: May 2016

Background
Pitolisant (BF2.649) is a nonimidazole histamine 3 receptor antagonist. In previous animal studies, it has been shown that pitolisant might be helpful in chronic seizure treatment of both partial and generalized epilepsies. The present study is a multicenter, national, pragmatic, noncomparative, open-label, exploratory phase II trial. It is the first reported study of the clinical effects of pitolisant in human epilepsy.

Objective
The goal of this trial was to explore the antiepileptic effect of 3 different doses of pitolisant (20, 30, and 40 mg once daily) in patients presenting partial seizure onset despite therapy with adequate dose of 1 to 3 appropriate antiepileptic drugs.

Methods
The study has been conducted in 6 study sites in France between 2005 and 2006. The primary end point was the proportion of responders having a seizure rate decrease by at least 50%. A larger clinical trial could be started according to the results. An interim analysis was planned in the protocol to decide if the study should be continued or not according to the efficacy and safety results. Descriptive statistics were used for the analysis.

Results
An initial goal of 40 patients included had been planned; 23 were finally included. Pitolisant was well tolerated and achieved a clinical response in one third of patients after 3 months of treatment.

Conclusions
Despite encouraging data, there is no evidence for the efficacy of the drug for the regimen that was used, but no firm conclusions can be drawn because the number of included subject was small and the study was not placebo controlled.
Donepezil as Add-on Treatment for Resistant Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Bergman Joseph , Miodownik Chanoch , Lerner Paul P. , Miodownik Einat , Shulkin Alexander , Lerner Vladimir 
Published: May 2016

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the most common and disabling psychiatric disorders. Treatment with serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) shows significant improvement; however, residual symptoms remain in most patients despite continued adequate OCD treatment. For patients exhibiting partial or no response to multiple SSRIs, augmentation strategies are usually recommended. Here, we introduce a retrospective consecutive sample of aged patients with resistant OCD treated with donepezil augmentation to regular pharmacotherapy.

Methods
Ten patients (5 males, 5 females; mean [SD] age, 63.8 [7.5] years), suffering from resistant OCD, were openly treated with donepezil 10 mg/d as add-on. Efficacy was assessed at baseline and after 8 weeks of treatment using the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, Clinical Global Impression-Severity, and Clinical Global Impression-Improvement.

Results
The treatment was generally well tolerated without adverse events. In all patients, mean (SD) Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale scores diminished from 27.3 (4.3) points at baseline to 16.9 (4.5) points at week 8 (P < 0.0001). Mean (SD) Clinical Global Impression-Severity scores diminished from 5.5 (0.7) points to 3.1 (1.0) points, (P < 0.001). According to Clinical Global Impression-Improvement, 7 patients demonstrated “very much” or “much” improvement and 3 patients did not demonstrate any improvement.

Conclusions
Donepezil was a well-tolerated add-on to regular pharmacotherapy in treatment-resistant OCD patients in this small cases series. Donepezil could be a promising optional therapy for patients suffering from resistant OCD, but further randomized controlled studies are necessary.
Personalized characterization of diseases using sample-specific networks
Authors: Liu Xiaoping , Wang Yuetong , Ji Hongbin , Aihara Kazuyuki , Chen Luonan 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTA complex disease generally results not from malfunction of individual molecules but from dysfunction of the relevant system or network, which dynamically changes with time and conditions. Thus, estimating a condition-specific network from a sample is crucial to elucidating the molecular mechanisms of complex diseases at the system level. However, there is currently no effective way to construct such an individual-specific network by expression profiling of a single sample because of the requirement of multiple samples for computing correlations. We developed here with a statistical method, i.e., a sample-specific network method, which allows us to construct individual-specific networks based on molecular expression of a single sample. Using this method, we can characterize various human diseases at a network level. In particular, such sample-specific networks can lead to the identification of individual-specific disease modules as well as driver genes, even without gene sequencing information. Extensive analysis by using the Cancer Genome Atlas data not only demonstrated the effectiveness of the method, but also found new individual-specific driver genes and network patterns for various cancers. Biological experiments on drug resistance further validated one important advantage of our method over the traditional methods, i.e., we even identified those drug resistance genes that actually have no clearly differential expression between samples with and without the resistance, due to the additional network information.
Linked Data in Neuroscience: Applications, Benefits, and Challenges
Authors: Nichols B Nolan , Ghosh Satrajit S. , Auer Tibor , Grabowski Thomas , Maumet Camille , Keator David , Martone Maryann E. , Pohl Kilian M. , Poline Jean-Baptiste 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe fundamental goal of neuroscience is to understand the nervous system at all levels of description, from molecular components to behavior. The complexity of achieving this goal in neuroscience, and biomedicine in general, poses many technical and sociological challenges. Among these are the need to organize neuroscientific data, information, and knowledge to facilitate new scientific endeavors, provide credibility and visibility of research findings, and increase the efficiency of data reuse. Linked Data is a set of principles based on Web technology that can aid this process as it organizes data as an interconnected network of information. This review examines the history, practical impact, potential, and challenges of applying Linked Data principles to neuroscience.
Diploid male production correlates with genetic diversity in the parasitoid waspVenturia canescens: a genetic approach with new microsatellite markers
Authors: Collet Marie , Vayssade Chloé , Auguste Alexandra , Mouton Laurence , Desouhant Emmanuel , Malausa Thibaut , Fauvergue Xavier 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSex determination is ruled by haplodiploidy in Hymenoptera, with haploid males arising from unfertilized eggs and diploid females from fertilized eggs. However, diploid males with null fitness are produced under Complementary Sex Determination (CSD), whenindividuals are homozygous for this locus. Diploid males are expected to be more frequent in genetically eroded populations (such as islands and captive populations), as genetic diversity at the csd locus should be low. However, only a few studies have focused on the relation between population size, genetic diversity and the proportion of diploid males in the field. Here, we developed new microsatellites markers in order to assess and compare genetic diversity and diploid male proportion in populations from three distinct habitat types (mainland, island or captive), in the parasitoid waspVenturia canescens. Eroded genetic diversity and higher diploid male proportion were found in island and captive populations, and habitat type had large effect on genetic diversity. Therefore, diploid male proportion reflects the decreasing genetic diversity in small and isolated populations. Thus, Hymenopteran populations can be at high extinction risk due to habitat destruction or fragmentation.
Nucleolus association of chromosomal domains is largely maintained in cellular senescence despite massive nuclear reorganisation
Authors: Dillinger Stefan , Straub Tobias , Németh Attila 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMammalian chromosomes are organized in structural and functional domains of 0.1-10 Mb, which are characterized by high self-association frequencies in the nuclear space and different contact probabilities with nuclear sub-compartments. They exhibit distinct chromatin modification patterns, gene expression levels and replication timing. Recently, nucleolus-associated chromosomal domains (NADs) have been discovered, yet their precise genomic organization and dynamics are still largely unknown. Here, we use nucleolus genomics and single-cell experiments to address these questions in human embryonic fibroblasts during replicative senescence. Genome-wide mapping reveals 1,646 NADs in proliferating cells, which cover about 38% of the annotated human genome. They are mainly heterochromatic and correlate with late replicating loci. Using Hi-C data analysis, we show that interactions of NADs dominate interphase chromosome contacts in the 10-50 Mb distance range. Interestingly, only minute changes in nucleolar association are observed upon senescence. These spatial rearrangements in subdomains smaller than 100 kb are accompanied with local transcriptional changes. In contrast, large centromeric and pericentromeric satellite repeat clusters extensively dissociate from nucleoli in senescent cells. We use gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to map the epigenetic regulatory network that governs these changes. The GSEA results together with cellular chromatin analyses suggest that histone H3K9 trimethylation is involved in regulating the nucleolus association of chromatin. Collectively, this study identifies connections between the nucleolus, 3D genome structure, and cellular aging at the level of interphase chromosome organization.
Neural Evidence of the Strategic Choice Between Working Memory and Episodic Memory in Prospective Remembering
Authors: Lewis-Peacock Jarrod A. , Cohen Jonathan D. , Norman Kenneth A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTheories of prospective memory (PM) posit that it can be subserved either by working memory (WM) or episodic memory (EM). Testing and refining these multiprocess theories of PM requires a way of tracking participants’ reliance on WM versus EM. Here we use multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) to derive a trial-by-trial measure of WM use in prospective memory. We manipulated strategy demands by varying the degree of proactive interference (which impairs EM) and the memory load required to perform the secondary task (which impairs WM). For the condition in which participants were pushed to rely more on WM, our MVPA measures showed 1) greater WM use and 2) a trial-by-trial correlation between WM use and PM behavior. Finally, we also showed that MVPA measures of WM use are not redundant with other behavioral measures: in the condition in which participants were pushed more to rely on WM, using neural and behavioral measures together led to better prediction of PM accuracy than either measure on its own.
Genetic Influences on Hormonal Markers of Chronic HPA Function in Human Hair
Authors: Tucker-Drob Elliot M. , Grotzinger Andrew , Briley Daniel A. , Engelhardt Laura E. , Mann Frank D. , Patterson Megan , Kirschbaum Clemens , Adam Emma K , Church Jessica A. , Tackett Jennifer , Harden K.Paige 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCortisol is the primary output of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and is central to the human biological stress response, with wide-ranging effects on physiological function and psychiatric health. In both humans and animals, cortisol is frequently studied as a biomarker for exposure to environmental stress. Relatively little attention has been paid to the possible role of genetic variation in heterogeneity in chronic cortisol, in spite of well-studied biological pathways of glucocorticoid function. Using recently developed technology, hair samples can now be used to measure accumulation of cortisol over several months. In contrast to more conventional salivary measures, hair cortisol is not influenced by diurnal variation or transient hormonal reactivity. In an ethnically and socioeconomically diverse sample of 1 070 child and adolescent twins and multiples from 556 unique families, we estimated genetic and environmental influences on hair concentrations of cortisol and its inactive metabolite, cortisone. We identified sizable genetic influences on cortisol that decrease with age, concomitant with genetic influences on cortisone that increase with age. Shared environmental influences on cortisol and cortisone were modest and, for cortisol, decreased with age. Twin-specific, non-shared environmental contributions to cortisol and cortisone became increasingly correlated with age. We find some evidence for sex differences in the biometric contributions to cortisol, but no strong evidence for main or moderating effects of family socioeconomic status on cortisol or cortisone. This study constitutes the first genetic study of hormone concentrations in human hair, and provides the most definitive characterization to-date of age and socioeconomic influences on hair cortisol.
Eco-evolutionary dynamics of social dilemmas
Authors: Gokhale Chaitanya S. , Hauert Christoph 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSocial dilemmas are an integral part of social interactions. Cooperative actions, ranging from secreting extra-cellular products in microbial populations to donating blood in humans, are costly to the actor and hence create an incentive to shirk and avoid the costs. Nevertheless, cooperation is ubiquitous in nature. Both costs and benefits often depend non-linearly on the number and types of individuals involved–as captured by idioms such as ‘too many cooks spoil the broth’ where additional contributions are discounted, or ‘two heads are better than one’ where cooperators synergistically enhance the group benefit. Interaction group sizes may depend on the size of the population and hence on ecological processes. This results in feedback mechanisms between ecological and evolutionary processes, which jointly affect and determine the evolutionary trajectory. Only recently combined eco-evolutionary processes became experimentally tractable in microbial social dilemmas. Here we analyse the evolutionary dynamics of non-linear social dilemmas in settings where the population fluctuates in size and the environment changes over time. In particular, cooperation is often supported and maintained at high densities through ecological fluctuations. Moreover, we find that the combination of the two processes routinely reveals highly complex dynamics, which suggests common occurrence in nature.
Affective choosing of clustering and categorization representations in e-book interfaces
Authors: Wu Ko-Chiu , Hsieh Tsai-Ying 
Published: May 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate user experiences with a touch-wall interface featuring both clustering and categorization representations of available e-books in a public library to understand human information interactions under work-focused and recreational contexts.Design/methodology/approach– Researchers collected questionnaires from 251 New Taipei City Library visitors who used the touch-wall interface to search for new titles. The authors applied structural equation modelling to examine relationships among hedonic/utilitarian needs, clustering and categorization representations, perceived ease of use (EU) and the extent to which users experienced anxiety and uncertainty (AU) while interacting with the interface.Findings– Utilitarian users who have an explicit idea of what they intend to find tend to prefer the categorization interface. A hedonic-oriented user tends to prefer clustering interfaces. Users reported EU regardless of which interface they engaged with. Results revealed that use of the clustering interface had a negative correlation with AU. Users that seek to satisfy utilitarian needs tended to emphasize the importance of perceived EU, whilst pleasure-seeking users were a little more tolerant of anxiety or uncertainty.Originality/value– The Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC) encourages library visitors to borrow digital books through the implementation of an information visualization system. This situation poses an opportunity to validate uses and gratification theory. People with hedonic/utilitarian needs displayed different risk-control attitudes and affected uncertainty using the interface. Knowledge about user interaction with such interfaces is vital when launching the development of a new OPAC.
Understanding the influence of social media on people’s life satisfaction through two competing explanatory mechanisms
Authors: Zhan Liuhan , Sun Yongqiang , Wang Nan , Zhang Xi 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore how social media usage affects people’s life satisfaction through two competing explanatory mechanisms.

Design/methodology/approach
– An online survey was conducted to collect data. And the partial least squares method was used to examine the relationships among the usage of social media, social benefit, social overload and life satisfaction.

Findings
– The results indicate that usage of social media can make people achieve social benefit, thus leading to enhanced life satisfaction. Unexpectedly, though usage of social media can bring the negative consequences (e.g. social overload), social overload cannot predict a decreased life satisfaction.

Originality/value
– Concentrating on the outcomes of social aspects by using social media, this study proposes the double-sided role of social media instead of single effect.