bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paediatric gastrostomy stoma complications and treatments: A rapid scoping review
Authors: Townley Ashleigh , Wincentak Joanne , Krog Kim , Schippke Julia , Kingsnorth Shauna 
Published: December 2017

Aims and objectivesTo provide a scoping review of the types of treatments used to address paediatric skin‐related stoma complications specific to infection, hypergranulation and gastric leakage, and explore their effectiveness and indications for use.BackgroundStoma‐related complications can be a common occurrence for children with gastrostomy (G) and gastrojejunostomy (GJ) tubes. Nurses require guidance to inform decision‐making of the broad spectrum of treatments used in clinical practice.DesignA scoping review using a rapid review approach.MethodsWorking with a multidisciplinary health professional team, search terms were generated. A systematic search of CINAHL, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases was completed, coupled with an Internet search to identify relevant clinical practice guidelines and hand searching of citation lists. Eligible articles were peer‐reviewed English publications, focused on paediatric populations aged 18 years and under, dating from 2002–2016 and described complications and treatment approaches related to G‐ and GJ‐tube stomas. Pertinent information was extracted using a standardised template, and a narrative synthesis approach was used to analyse the data.ResultsTwenty‐five articles were included in this review. Study designs varied, and complication management was often a secondary focus. A broad spectrum of treatments was used to manage each complication type. There was a lack of consensus on lines of therapy; however, a stepwise approach was often used for complication management, particularly for infections.ConclusionsThe evidence on the comparative effectiveness of different treatment strategies of skin‐related gastrostomy stoma complications in paediatric practice is sparse. Current evidence is generally limited to expert opinions. Future studies examining efficacy of treatments and their indications for use with children are warranted.Relevance to clinical practiceEffective management of skin‐related stoma complications is important to maintain health and wellness among children who rely on G‐ and GJ‐tubes for nutrition support.
Maternal perceptions of family‐centred support and their associations with the mother–nurse relationship in the neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Shimizu Aya , Mori Akiko 
Published: December 2017

Aims and objectivesTo evaluate maternal perceptions of family‐centred support with hospitalised preterm infants and their relationship between mothers and nurses in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).BackgroundMothers who gave birth to preterm infants tend to suffer more stress and need individual support based on family‐centred care. However, there may be a shortage of support for mothers to obtain parent‐crafting skills before bringing their infants home.DesignThis cross‐sectional study used path analysis and multiple group analysis to evaluate a structural equation model of the relationship between maternal perception based on family‐centred support in parent‐crafting training and the mothers–nurses collaboration.MethodsWe analysed data from 98 mothers (valid response proportion, 41.0%) whose infants were hospitalised in the NICU of two types of perinatal centres in Japan. We used three revised standardised questionnaires in Japanese: Measure of Process of Care in the NICU (Neo‐MPOC 20), Enabling Practice Scale in the NICU (Neo‐EPS) and the author‐developed Mother and Infant Questionnaire.ResultsPath analysis revealed that the relationship between mothers and nurses was linked to three factors related to the perinatal centres’ support: consideration of parents’ feelings, ability to deal with specific needs and coordination in dealing with situations that interact with provision of parent‐friendly visual information. Separate path analyses for each perinatal centre showed the same pattern, although the standard coefficients were different.ConclusionsMaternal perceptions of family‐centred support with hospitalised preterm infants promoted better collaboration between mothers and nurses to obtain parent‐crafting skills at two types of perinatal units in Japan.Relevance to clinical practiceClear visual information materials might promote better maternal understanding of their infants, help in acquisition of parent‐crafting skills and improve mother–nurse collaboration, with the result that mothers are better able to care for their infants autonomously at home.
Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Neisseria gonorrhoeae among Chinese women with urinary tract infections in Shanghai: A community‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Xu Wei‐Hong , Chen Jia‐Jie , Sun Qing , Wang Li‐Ping , Jia Yi‐Fei , Xuan Bin‐Bin , Xu Bing , Sheng Hui‐Ming 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimThis study explored chlamydia trachomatis (CT), ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) and/or neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) in 5893 women with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in Shanghai.MethodsFrom January 2009 to December 2014, 5893 women with UTIs in Shanghai were selected to undergo CT, UU and NG detection. Baseline characteristics including age, education level, occupation, reproductive history, sexual behavior and contraceptive method were obtained for epidemiological analysis.ResultsThe total CT, UU and/or NG infection rate in the urine samples of 5893 patients was 50.69% (2987/5893), while the infection rate in vaginal secretion samples was 56.22% (3313/5893). The two detection methods were consistent. Patients aged 21–30, service personnel and unemployed persons had the highest rates of CT, UU and/or NG infection, while patients with higher education levels exhibited lower rates. As the number of previous pregnancies, natural births, abortions, sexual partners and the frequency of sexual intercourse increased, the rates of CT, UU and/or NG infection were elevated. Sexual intercourse during the menstruation period, a lack of cleaning before sexual intercourse and the use of intrauterine devices could all lead to an increased rate of CT, UU and/or NG infection.ConclusionsThese data revealed that the rate of CT, UU and/or NG infection may be associated with age, education level, occupation, reproductive history, sexual behavior and type of contraceptive method in female patients with UTI in Shanghai.
Endothelin‐1‐induced expression of α‐smooth muscle actin in human myometrial fibroblasts
Authors: Duan Zhaoning , Jia Ying , Zhang Jing , Long Li , Tang Liangdan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimWe aimed to investigate the potential role of endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) in the regulation of the expression of α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) in human myometrial fibroblasts.MethodsPrimary myometrial fibroblasts were obtained from myometrium and were identified by immunocytochemical staining. Then, 1 × 107 cells were treated with ET‐1 at a concentration of 0.1, 1.0, 10.0, or 100.0 nM for 24 h. To investigate the time course effects of ET‐1 on the growth of fibroblasts, 1 × 107 cells were treated with 10.0 nM ET‐1 for 6, 12, 24, and 48 h. Real‐time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blot analysis were used to determine the expression of α‐SMA mRNA and protein, respectively.ResultsHuman myometrial fibroblasts were identified by immunohistochemistry. Compared with the control group, the expression levels of α‐SMA mRNA and protein were identified in cells treated with ET‐1 at a concentration of 0.1, 1.0, 10.0, or 100.0 nM for 24 h (P < 0.05). ET‐1 treatment affected the expression of α‐SMA mRNA and protein in a dose‐dependent manner (P < 0.05). The induction of α‐SMA mRNA and protein expression increased from 6 to 48 h.ConclusionThe results show that ET‐1 induces the expression of α‐SMA in human myometrium in vitro.
Randomized control trial comparing effectiveness of weekly versus daily antenatal oral iron supplementation in preventing anemia during pregnancy
Authors: Goonewardene Indra Malik R. , Senadheera Diluk I. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimThis study was conducted to determine whether weekly antenatal oral iron and folate supplementation is an effective alternative to a daily regimen in non‐anemic pregnant women to prevent anemia and iron deficiency during the third trimester.MethodsFrom December 2014 to April 2015, non‐anemic pregnant women (n = 292) who presented to the Academic Obstetric Unit, Teaching Hospital Mahamodera Galle, Sri Lanka, at 14–22 weeks gestation and who had been treated with mebendazole 100 mg twice daily for three days were randomly allocated to receive 120 mg elemental iron, 3 mg folic acid and 100 mg vitamin C weekly (n = 149) or 60 mg elemental iron, 1 mg folic acid and 100 mg vitamin C daily (n = 143). Side effects were assessed at four weekly intervals and hemoglobin concentration (Hb), hematocrit and serum ferritin (SF) were measured at 32–36 weeks gestation.ResultsOnly 106 participants in each group completed the study. There were no significant differences between the groups in mean duration of supplementation; presupplementation and post‐supplementation mean Hb, hematocrit or SF levels; risk of developing anemia, ID or high Hb levels by an intension to treat analysis; and in those who completed the trial. Significantly greater side effects occurred in the daily compared to the weekly supplementation group.ConclusionIn non‐anemic pregnant women, a weekly regimen is an effective alternative to a daily regimen for antenatal oral iron and folate supplementation for preventing anemia and iron deficiency during the third trimester.
Double‐balloon versus single‐balloon catheter for cervical ripening and labor induction: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yang Fang , Huang Shijin , Long Yu , Huang Lingling 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe searched Embase, PubMed and the Cochrane Library for randomized or quasi‐randomized controlled trials to compare the use of single‐balloon to double‐balloon catheters. The risk ratio (RR) or mean difference (MD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using fixed‐effects or random‐effects models.Four studies involving a total of 793 pregnant women were included. There were no significant differences in the rate of cesarean (RR 1.09, 95% CI 0.86, 1.38; P = 0.48), or vaginal deliveries within 24 h (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.82, 1.09; P = 0.42), the mean time to delivery (MD 0.39, 95% CI −0.90, 1.68 h; P = 0.55) or Bishop score improvement (MD 0.62, 95%CI −0.18, 1.42; P = 0.13) between the groups. Women who received the double‐balloon catheter had a similar risk of maternal intrapartum fever and post‐partum hemorrhage. Pain during ripening was only reported in one trial and was significantly higher with the double balloon, whereas pain during device insertion was measured in two trials: one reported no difference while the other reported significantly increased pain with the double balloon.The double‐balloon and single‐balloon (Foley) catheters had similar effectiveness and safety. The Foley catheter is significantly cheaper, widely available and accessible, has a longer history of use and remains the logical choice over the double‐balloon catheter for cervical ripening.
Electronic Video Monitoring in Medicaid Home and Community‐Based Services Waivers for People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Friedman Carli , Rizzolo Mary C. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWhile the number of available caregivers for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD) is reducing, the number of people who need care and support is steadily increasing, effectively creating a vacuum of care. In response to this increasing problem, and as a result of advances in technology, telecare, and remote monitoring in the long‐term support of people who are aging or have I/DD are becoming more prominent. Despite noted benefits, telecare and other forms of technological surveillance are relatively new for caregivers in service to people with I/DD. Medicaid Home and Community Based Services (HCBS) Section 1915(c) waivers are a critical funding stream for people with I/DDs and long‐term support needs in the United States. In order to examine the implementation of electronic monitoring technology for people with I/DD, we examined which HCBS waivers were providing electronic monitoring services and how they were doing so. Ninety‐nine I/DD‐related HCBS 1915(c) waivers (44 states and the District of Columbia) were collected for fiscal year (FY) 2013 from the U. S. CMS Medicaid.gov website. We then examined this data to determine, if applicable, the electronic monitoring services provided, the projected number of users, and the average cost of each unit of service. We also examined the electronic monitoring service definitions to determine themes across services. We found seven out of the 99 HCBS FY 2013 waivers (7.1%) provided electronic monitoring services through nine different services. Moreover, very little funding was allocated for these services. Our findings highlight that electronic monitoring services are largely not being utilized for the more than 600,000 people with I/DD on Medicaid HCBS waivers. As HCBS waivers look to reduce costs and continue to support people with I/DD we believe more states will consider these technologies.
Barriers and enablers for iron folic acid (IFA) supplementation in pregnant women
Authors: Siekmans Kendra , Roche Marion , Kung'u Jacqueline K. , Desrochers Rachelle E. , De‐Regil Luz Maria 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn order to inform large scale supplementation programme design, we review and summarize the barriers and enablers for improved coverage and utilization of iron and folic acid (IFA) supplements by pregnant women in 7 countries in Africa and Asia. Mixed methods were used to analyse IFA supplementation programmes in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, and Senegal based on formative research conducted in 2012–2013. Qualitative data from focus‐group discussions and interviews with women and service providers were used for content analysis to elicit common themes on barriers and enablers at internal, external, and relational levels. Anaemia symptoms in pregnancy are well known among women and health care providers in all countries, yet many women do not feel personally at risk. Broad awareness and increased coverage of facility‐based antenatal care (ANC) make it an efficient delivery channel for IFA; however, first trimester access to IFA is hindered by beliefs about when to first attend ANC and preferences for disclosing pregnancy status. Variable access and poor quality ANC services, including insufficient IFA supplies and inadequate counselling to encourage consumption, are barriers to both coverage and adherence. Community‐based delivery of IFA and referral to ANC provides earlier and more frequent access and opportunities for follow‐up. Improving ANC access and quality is needed to facilitate IFA supplementation during pregnancy. Community‐based delivery and counselling can address problems of timely and continuous access to supplements. Renewed investment in training for service providers and effective behaviour change designs are urgently needed to achieve the desired impact.
Gastrointestinal Colonization with Yeast Species and Candida Septicemia in Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Pappu-Katikaneni L.D. , Rao K.P.P. , Banister E. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryYeasts may gain entry into the blood via routes such as intubation, intravenous catheterization or by direct persorption from the gut. The latter route becomes important when the numbers of commensal yeasts in the the gut exceeds a threshold which may vary between animal species. In a prospective study utilizing serial, twice weekly quantitative stool cultures during the first 6 weeks of life of 40 very low birth weight infants, we found a threshold of 8 x 106 Candida colony‐forming units/gram of stool. Beyond this threshold 50% of the infants developed gastrointestinal symptoms and 28.5 % developed systemic sepsis within 1 to 3 weeks of heavy colonization. The gastrointestinal colonization rate was 62.5% (25/40) with 66% having Candida colony‐forming units > 8 x 106/g stool.
Studies on the Yeast Flora in Patients Suffering from Psoriasis Capillitii or Seborrhoic Dermatitis of the Scalp
Authors: Senff H. , Bothe Caren , Busacker J. , Reinel D. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryIn 65 patients with scalp psoriasis or seborrhoic dermatitis of the scalp, stool specimens, tongue swabs and scalp scales were examined for yeasts. The stool specimens showed in 70.8% of the patient group massive and in 7.7% moderate yeast colonization. Yeasts were found in 47.7% of the tongue cultures and in 12.5% of the scalp scales. Candida albicans was the predominant pathogen in the faeces and on the tongue. In comparison with a control group, frequency of yeasts in faeces and on the tongue in patients with psoriasis capillitii and seborrhoic dermatitis of the scalp could be shown to be significantly higher.
Mother‐and‐Child Cases of Infection
Authors: Jin Xue-Zhu , Zhang Huo-Da , Hiruma M. , Yamamoto I. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryWe report the appearance of lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis on the left arm of a 28‐year‐old farmer's wife, followed two months later by the same type of lesion on the right upper eyelid of this patient's three‐year‐old child. According to the mother, the child was accustomed to sleeping with the right side of her face applied to the lesion on the mother's arm, and so it was presumed that the infection had been transmitted by direct contact from mother to child. Cases of person‐to‐person contagion of this disorder are thought to be extremely rare, but where there has been close contact on a daily basis, such contagion is likely to occur.
An Animal Model for Oropharyngeal, Esophageal and Gastric Candidosis
Authors: Cole G.T. , Lynn K.T. , Seshan K.R. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryConventional mice inoculated withCandida albicansby the oral‐intragastric route as infants (6‐day‐old) have previously been shown to develop gastrointestinal (GI) candidosis which persists for at least 30–60 days post‐challenge without the use of compromising procedures. Histological preparations of the stomachs of these animals reveal hyphae which have crossed the mucin barrier and are associated with the stratified squamous epithelium of the gastric mucosa primarily in the region of the cardial‐atrium fold. Host inflammatory cells are frequently observed adjacent to these filaments and yeast cells. In this study, groups of neonates were challenged oral‐intragastrically with eitherC. albicansstrain CA30, or strain CA87. The two strains showed marked differences in the numbers of cells associated with tissue of the tongue, esophagus and stomach of non‐immunocompromised mice at 20 days post‐inoculation. After immunocompromising treatment by intraperitoneal administration of cyclosphosphamide and cortisone acetate, both groups of mice showed extensive colonization and tissue invasion of the tongue, proximal and distal portions of the esophagus, and cardial‐atrium fold of the stomach.C. albicans‐containing abscesses were occasionally observed on the tongue of these animals. Histological preparations of the cardiac antrum, located at the junction of esophagus and stomach, frequently revealed concentrations of hyphae and yeast cells associated with the stratified squamous epithelium. We suggest that these non‐immunocompromised and immunocompromised mice with persistentC. albicansinfections of oropharyngeal, esophageal and gastric tissue, initiated by oral‐intragastric challenge at infancy, simulates conditions in different groups of chronically infected humans, and serves as a useful model for testing the efficacy of anti‐Candidadrugs in clearance of candidosis from the alimentary canal.
Indirect immunofluorescence staining and crossed immunoelectrophoresis for differentiation of Candida albicans and Geotrichum candidum
Authors: Jensen H. E. , Hau J. , Aalbæk B. , Schønheyder H. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryRabbit hyperimmune antisera were used for differential diagnosis of Candida albicans and Geotrichum candidum in murine and bovine tissues by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) staining. Although the antisera did not detect common antigens by crossed immunoelectrophoresis (XIE) a marked cross‐reactivity of fungal cells was observed in the IIF assay. Following liquid phase absorption with heterologous antigenic preparations the hyperimmune antisera were rendered specific for each species thus making possible an unequivocal differentiation of the two species.
Pityriasis versicolor in school children in Cross River State of Nigeria
Authors: Akpata L. E. , Gugnani H. C. , Utsalo S. J. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryOut of 2353 primary school children aged 4–16 years in Cross River State of Nigeria examined, 88 (3.7%) showed lesions mycologically proven to be pityriasis versicolor. Incidence was highest (6.3%) in children aged 12–16. Lesions were much more common on the face than on other sites.
In vitro nail invasion by pathogenic and non‐pathogenic fungi under different culture conditions
Authors: Baudraz-Rosselet F. , Frenk E. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryData from the literature suggest that the nutritional environment can modify major metabolic functions of fungi and possibly their aggressivity towards keratinous structures. Trichophyton rubrum (TR), Microsporum canis (MC), Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (SB), Aspergillus fumigatus (AF) and Penicillium spec. (P) were inoculated on media of different nutritional value, in presence of nail fragments. The activity of the fungi was evaluated at two and four weeks for intensity and depth of invasion of nail samples. Nail invasion was most pronounced by MC, especially when grown on rice agar or peptone agar. Nail invasion by the other fungi tested was less important, Sabouraud glucose and rice agar were most favorable. Our results indicate that nutritional factors can, at least in some fungus species, alter their rate of nail invasion.
Fluconazole in the treatment of esophageal candidosis in AIDS
Authors: Heise W. , Arasteh K. , L'age M. 
Published: December 2017

ZusammenfassungBei 135 von 496 AIDS‐Patienten mit gastrointestinalen Symptomen hell sich endoskopisch eine Candida‐Ösophagitis nachweisen. Leitsymptome waren hierbei Erbrechen, Dysphagie und retrosternale Schmerzen. Endoskopisch fanden sich unterschiedliche Schweregrade der Ösophagitis mit kleinen Plaques als leichterem Befund bis hin zu schwerer hämorrhagischer Ösophagitis. 36 Patienten wurden mit 100 mg Fluconazol/die behandelt (orale oder infravenöse Therapie). Bei 33 von 36 Patienten ließ sich klinisch, endoskopisch und mikroskopisch ein gutes Resultat mit kompletter Heilung der Läsionen nach 7, 14 oder 21 Tagen verzeichnen. Bei 3 Patienten mit Wasting Syndrom und schweren opportunistischen Infektionen mit fehlendem Ansprechen muß eine Resistenz gegen das Medikament diskutiert werden. Eine Erhaltungstherapie erscheint wegen der Rezidivrate erforderlich.
Systemic candidosis in I.C.U. patients after antibiotic treatment
Authors: Schweigart Ursula , Allescher H.-D. 
Published: December 2017

ZusammenfassungBerichtet wird über die Therapie mit Fluconazol bei 19 Intensivpatienten mit schweren Allgemeininfektionen , von denen 9 ein septisches Multiorganversagen hatten und die mindestens 7 Tage lang mit Antibiotika behandelt wurden. Die Schwierigkeiten in der Diagnostik der therapiebedürftigen Candidose werden diskutiert. Bei alien Patienten zeigte sich ein giinstiger Verlauf der Candida‐Infektion, kein Patient starb an einer Pilz‐Sepsis. Ernsthafte Nebenwirkungen wurden nicht beobachtet.