bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety-net Hospitals Face More Barriers Yet Use Fewer Strategies to Reduce Readmissions
Authors: Figueroa Jose F. , Joynt Karen E. , Zhou Xiner , Orav Endel J. , Jha Ashish K. 
Published: January 2017

Objective:
US hospitals that care for vulnerable populations, “safety-net hospitals” (SNHs), are more likely to incur penalties under the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program, which penalizes hospitals with higher-than-expected readmissions. Understanding whether SNHs face unique barriers to reducing readmissions or whether they underuse readmission-prevention strategies is important.

Design:
We surveyed leadership at 1600 US acute care hospitals, of whom 980 participated, between June 2013 and January 2014. Responses on 28 questions on readmission-related barriers and strategies were compared between SNHs and non-SNHs, adjusting for nonresponse and sampling strategy. We further compared responses between high-performing SNHs and low-performing SNHs.

Results:
We achieved a 62% response rate. SNHs were more likely to report patient-related barriers, including lack of transportation, homelessness, and language barriers compared with non-SNHs (P-values<0.001). Despite reporting more barriers, SNHs were less likely to use e-tools to share discharge summaries (70.1% vs. 73.7%, P<0.04) or verbally communicate (31.5% vs. 39.8%, P<0.001) with outpatient providers, track readmissions by race/ethnicity (23.9% vs. 28.6%, P<0.001), or enroll patients in postdischarge programs (13.3% vs. 17.2%, P<0.001). SNHs were also less likely to use discharge coordinators, pharmacists, and postdischarge programs. When we examined the use of strategies within SNHs, we found trends to suggest that high-performing SNHs were more likely to use several readmission strategies.

Conclusions:
Despite reporting more barriers to reducing readmissions, SNHs were less likely to use readmission-reduction strategies. This combination of higher barriers and lower use of strategies may explain why SNHs have higher rates of readmissions and penalties under the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program.
How transposons drive evolution of virulence in a fungal pathogen
Authors: Faino Luigi , Seidl Michael F , Shi-Kunne Xiaoqian , Pauper Marc , van den Berg Grardy CM , Wittenberg Alexander HJ , Thomma Bart PHJ 
Published: January 2017

AbstractGenomic plasticity enables adaptation to changing environments, which is especially relevant for pathogens that engage in arms races with their hosts. In many pathogens, genes mediating aggressiveness cluster in highly variable, transposon-rich, physically distinct genomic compartments. However, understanding of the evolution of these compartments, and the role of transposons therein, remains limited. We now show that transposons are the major driving force for adaptive genome evolution in the fungal plant pathogen Verticillium dahliae. Highly variable genomic regions evolved by frequent segmental duplications mediated by erroneous homologous recombination, often utilizing transposons, leading to genetic material that is free to diverge. Intriguingly, the duplicated regions are enriched in active transposons that further contribute to local genome plasticity. Thus, we provide evidence for genome shaping by transposons, both in an active and passive manner, which impacts the evolution of pathogen aggressiveness.
Coordination of brain wide activity dynamics by dopaminergic neurons
Authors: Decot Heather K. , Namboodiri Vijay M.K. , Gao Wei , McHenry Jenna A. , Jennings Joshua H. , Lee Sung-Ho , Kantak Pranish A. , Kao Yu-Chieh Jill , Das Manasmita , Witten Ilana B. , Deisseroth Karl , Shih Yen-Yu Ian , Stuber Garret D. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSeveral neuropsychiatric conditions, such as addiction, schizophrenia, and depression may arise in part from dysregulated activity of ventral tegmental area dopaminergic (THVTA) neurons, as well as from more global maladaptation in neurocircuit function. However, whether THVTAactivity affects large-scale brain-wide function remains unknown. Here, we selectively activated THVTAneurons in transgenic rats and measured resulting changes in whole-brain activity using stimulus-evoked functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Selective optogenetic stimulation of THVTAneurons not only enhanced cerebral blood volume (CBV) signals in striatal target regions in a dopamine receptor dependent fashion, but also engaged many additional anatomically defined regions throughout the brain. In addition, repeated pairing of THVTAneuronal activity with forepaw stimulation, produced an expanded brain-wide sensory representation. These data suggest that modulation of THVTAneurons can impact brain dynamics across many distributed anatomically distinct regions, even those that receive little to no direct THVTAinput.
Transcranial alternating current stimulation with speech envelopes modulates speech comprehension
Authors: Wilsch Anna , Neuling Toralf , Obleser Jonas , Herrmann Christoph S. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCortical entrainment of the auditory cortex to the broadband temporal envelope of a speech signal is crucial for speech comprehension. Entrainment results in phases of high and low neural excitability, which structure and decode the incoming speech signal. Entrainment to speech is strongest in the theta frequency range (4–8 Hz), the average frequency of the speech envelope. If a speech signal is degraded, entrainment to the speech envelope is weaker and speech intelligibility declines. Besides perceptually evoked cortical entrainment, transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) entrains neural oscillations by applying an electric signal to the brain. Accordingly, tACS-induced entrainment in auditory cortex has been shown to improve auditory perception. The aim of the current study was to modulate speech intelligibility externally by means of tACS such that the electric current corresponds to the envelope of the presented speech stream (i.e., envelope-tACS). Participants performed the Oldenburg sentence test with sentences presented in noise in combination with envelope-tACS. Critically, tACS was induced at time lags of 0 to 250 ms in 50-ms steps relative to sentence onset (auditory stimuli were simultaneous to or preceded tACS). We performed single-subject sinusoidal, linear, and quadratic fits to the sentence comprehension performance across the time lags. We could show that the sinusoidal fit described the modulation of sentence comprehension best. Importantly, the average frequency of the sinusoidal fit was 5.12 Hz, corresponding to the peaks of the amplitude spectrum of the stimulated envelopes. This finding was supported by a significant 5-Hz peak in the average power spectrum of individual performance time series. Altogether, envelope tACS modulates intelligibility of speech in noise, presumably by enhancing and disrupting (time lag with in-or out-of-phase stimulation, respectively) cortical entrainment to the speech envelope in auditory cortex.
Your favorite color makes learning more precise and adaptable
Authors: Farashahi Shiva , Rowe Katherine , Aslami Zohra , Lee Daeyeol , Soltani Alireza 
Published: January 2017

AbstractLearning from reward feedback is essential for survival but can become extremely challenging with myriad choice options. Here, we propose that learning reward values of individual features can provide a heuristic for estimating reward values of choice options in dynamic, multidimensional environments. We hypothesized that this feature-based learning occurs not just because it can reduce dimensionality, but more importantly because it can increase adaptability without compromising precision of learning. We experimentally tested this hypothesis and found that in dynamic environments, human subjects adopted feature-based learning even when this approach does not reduce dimensionality. Even in static, low-dimensional environments, subjects initially adopted feature-based learning and gradually switched to learning reward values of individual options, depending on how accurately objects’ values can be predicted by combining feature values. Our computational models reproduced these results and highlight the importance of neurons coding feature values for parallel learning of values for features and objects.
Masking of a circadian behavior in larval zebrafish involves the thalamo-habenula pathway
Authors: Lin Qian , Jesuthasan Suresh 
Published: January 2017

AbstractLight has the ability to disrupt or mask behavior that is normally controlled by the circadian clock. In mammals, masking requires melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells that detect blue light and project to the thalamus. It is not known whether masking is wavelength-dependent in other vertebrates, nor is it clear what higher circuits are involved. Here, we address these questions in zebrafish. We find that diel vertical migration, a circadian behavior in larval zebrafish, is effectively masked by blue, but not by red light. Two-photon calcium imaging reveals that a retino-recipient thalamic nucleus and a downstream structure, the habenula, are tuned to blue light. Lesioning the habenula inhibits light-evoked climbing. These data suggest that a thalamo-habenula pathway may be involved in the ability of blue light to mask circadian behavior.
Hv1 channel supports insulin secretion in pancreaticβcells through calcium entry, depolarization and intracellular pH regulation
Authors: Pang Huimin , Wang Xudong , Xi Wang , Zhao Qing , Zhang Shangrong , Qin Jiwei , Lv Jili , Che Yongzhe , Zuo Weiyan , Li Shu Jie 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHere, we demonstrate that the voltage-gated proton channel Hv1 represents a regulatory mechanism for insulin secretion of pancreatic isletβcell.In vivo, Hv1-deficient mice display hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance due to reduced insulin secretion, but normal peripheral insulin sensitivity.In vitro, islets of Hv1-deficient and heterozygous mice, INS-1 (832/13) cells with siRNA-mediated knockdown of Hv1 exhibit a marked defect in glucose- and K+-induced insulin secretion. Hv1 deficiency decreases both insulin and proinsulin contents, and limits glucose-induced Ca2+entry and membrane depolarization. Furthermore, loss of Hv1 increases insulin-containing granular pH and decreases cytosolic pH. In addition, histologic studies show a decrease inβcell mass in islets of Hv1-deficient mice. Collectively, our results indicate that Hv1 supports insulin secretion in theβcell by calcium entry, membrane depolarization and intracellular pH regulation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe voltage-gated proton channel Hv1 is highly expressed in insulin-containing granules in pancreatic β cells. Hv1 supports insulin secretion in theβcell by calcium entry, membrane depolarization and regulation of intragranular and cytosolic pH, which represents a regulatory mechanism for insulin secretion of pancreatic isletβcell. Our research demonstrates that Hv1 expressed inβcell is required for insulin secretion and maintains glucose homeostasis, and reveals a significant role for the proton channel in the modulation of pancreaticβcell function.
Common object representations for visual production and recognition
Authors: Fan Judith E. , Yamins Daniel L. K. , Turk-Browne Nicholas B. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractProduction and comprehension have long been viewed as inseparable components of language. The study of vision, by contrast, has centered almost exclusively on comprehension. Here we investigate drawing — the most basic form of visual production. How do we convey concepts in visual form, and how does refining this skill, in turn, affect recognition? We developed an online platform for collecting large amounts of drawing and recognition data, and applied a deep convolutional neural network model of visual cortex trained only on natural images to explore the hypothesis that drawing recruits the same abstract feature representations that support natural visual object recognition. Consistent with this hypothesis, higher layers of this model captured the abstract features of both drawings and natural images most important for recognition, and people learning to produce more recognizable drawings of objects exhibited enhanced recognition of those objects. These findings could explain why drawing is so effective for communicating visual concepts, they suggest novel approaches for evaluating and refining conceptual knowledge, and they highlight the potential of deep networks for understanding human learning.
EXTENDING THE UTILITY OF THE WHO RECOMMENDED ASSAY FOR DIRECT DETECTION OF ENTEROVIRUSES FROM CLINICAL SPECIMEN FOR RESOLVING POLIOVIRUS CO-INFECTION
Authors: Faleye Temitope Oluwasegun Cephas , Adewumi Moses Olubusuyi , Ozegbe Naomi Princess , Ogunsakin Oluwaseun Elijah , Ariyo Grace , Adeshina Faith Wuraola , Ogunga Oluwaseun Sarah , Oluwadare Similoluwa Deborah , Adeniji Johnson Adekunle 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTIn a polio-free world there might be reduced funding for poliovirus surveillance. There is therefore the need to ensure that enterovirologist globally, especially those outside the global polio laboratory network (GPLN), can participate in poliovirus surveillance without neglecting their enterovirus type of interest. To accomplish this, assays are needed that allow such active participation.In this light, we used 15 previously identified enterovirus isolates as reference samples for assay development. The first eight were enterovirus species B (EV-B). The remaining seven were EV-Cs; three of which were poliovirus (PV) 1, 2 and 3, respectively. A 16th sample was compounded; a mixture of two EV-Bs, three PVs and one nonPV EV-Cs (all part of the 15). In all, four samples contained PVs with the 16th consisting of mixture of the three PV types. All were subjected to the WHO recommended RT-snPCR assay, and five other modified (with substitution of the second round PCR forward primer) assays. The new primers included the previously described Species Resolution Primers (SRPs; 187and 189) and the Poliovirus Resolution Primers (PRPs: Sab 1, 2 and 3). All amplicons were sequenced and isolate identity confirmed using the Enterovirus Genotyping Tool.The PRPs detected PV types in only the four samples that contained PVs. In addition, it was able to show that the sample 16 (mixture) contained all the three PV types. On the other hand, though the SRPs and the WHO assay also detected the three singleton PVs, in sample 16, they both detected only one of the three PV types present.This study describes a sensitive and specific utility extension of the recently recommended WHO RT-snPCR assay that enables independent detection of the three poliovirus types especially in cases of co-infection. More importantly, it piggy-backs on the first round PCR product of the WHO recommended assay and consequently ensures that enterovirologists interested in nonpolio enteroviruses can continue their investigations, and contribute significantly and specifically to poliovirus surveillance, by using the excess of their first round PCR product.
CENP-A associated lncRNAs influence chromosome segregation in human cells
Authors: Quénet Delphine , Sturgill David , Olson Marin , Dalal Yamini 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTTranscription occurs ubiquitously throughout non-coding parts of the genome, including at repetitive α-satellite DNA elements which comprise the majority of human centromeres. The function of temporally regulated centromeric transcription, and transcripts, is consequently a topic of intense investigation. In this study, we use high throughput approaches to identify and describe lncRNAs associated with the centromere specific histone variant CENP-A that arise from the transcription of specific centromeres at early G1, which we then show are physically associated with centromeres, and which are functionally necessary for accurate chromosome segregation. Targeted depletion of one such centromeric RNA, which originates from a single centromere, is sufficient to increase the frequency of chromosome segregation defects. These data support the emerging paradigm of the necessity of centromere-specific lncRNAs in the integrity of faithful chromosome segregation.
Modified fuel-balanced formation keeping strategy based on actively rotating satellites in formation
Authors: Shao Xiaowei , Wang Jihe , Zhang Dexin , Chen Junli 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose a modified fuel-balanced formation keeping strategy based on actively rotating satellites in the formation in the J2 perturbed environment.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on the relative orbital elements theory, the J2 perturbed relative motions between different satellites in the formation are analyzed, and then, the method to estimate fuel required to keep the in-plane and out-of-plane relative motions is presented, based on which a modified fuel-balanced formation keeping strategy is derived by considering both in-plane and out-of-plane J2 perturbations.

Findings
Numerical simulations demonstrate that the modified fuel-balanced formation keeping strategy is valid, and the modified fuel-balanced formation keeping strategy requires less total fuel consumption than original Vadali and Alfriend’s method.

Research limitations/implications
The modified fuel-balanced formation keeping strategy is valid for formation flying mission whose member satellite is in circular or near-circular orbit.

Practical implications
The modified fuel-balanced formation keeping strategy can be used to solve formation flying keeping problem, which involves multiple satellites in the formation.

Originality/value
The modified fuel-balanced formation keeping strategy is proposed by considering both in-plane and out-of-plane J2 perturbations, which further reduce the fuel consumption than the original Vadali and Alfriend’s method.
Aerodynamic performance improvement of WIG aircraft
Authors: Tahani Mojtaba , Masdari Mehran , Bargestan Ali 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics as well as static stability of wing-in-ground effect aircraft. The effect of geometrical characteristics, namely, twist angle, dihedral angle, sweep angle and taper ratio are examined.

Design/methodology/approach
A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic code is developed to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of the effect. The turbulent model is utilized for characterization of flow over wing surface.

Findings
The numerical results show that the maximum change of the drag coefficient depends on the angle of attack, twist angle and ground clearance, in a decreasing order. Also, it is found that the lift coefficient increases as the ground clearance, twist angle and dihedral angle decrease. On the other hand, the sweep angle does not have a significant effect on the lift coefficient for the considered wing section and Reynolds number. Also, as the aerodynamic characteristics increase, the taper ratio befits in trailing state.

Practical implications
To design an aircraft, the effect of each design parameter needs to be estimated. For this purpose, the sensitivity analysis is used. In this paper, the influence of all parameter against each other including ground clearance, angle of attack, twist angle, dihedral angle and sweep angle for the NACA 6409 are investigated.

Originality/value
As a summary, the contribution of this paper is to predict the aerodynamic performance for the cruise condition. In this study, the sensitivity of the design parameter on aerodynamic performance can be estimated and the effect of geometrical characteristics has been investigated in detail. Also, the best lift to drag coefficient for the NACA 6409 wing section specifies and two types of taper ratios in ground effect are compared.
Three-axes predictive control of autopilot for missile
Authors: Ada Celâl , Kural Ayhan 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present the autopilot design for the missile under various disturbances.

Design/methodology/approach
In this study, model predictive control (MPC) method has been used for autopilot design for each axis. The aim of autopilot is that to keep the roll angle value around the zero degree and to track pitch/yaw acceleration commands. This three-axes control methodology also takes into consideration the interaction between pitch, yaw and roll motions.

Findings
The purpose of using MPC method for three-axes of the autopilot is to decrease the control effort and to make the close-loop system insensitive against modeling uncertainties and stochastic effects.

Originality/value
This study shows that the missile is able to reach to the desired target with good robustness, low control effort and little miss-distance under disturbances such as aerodynamic uncertainties, thrust misalignment and gust affect by using this alternative control method.
Satellite formation keeping using differential lift and drag under J2 perturbation
Authors: Shao Xiaowei , Song Mingxuan , Wang Jihe , Zhang Dexin , Chen Junli 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a method to achieve small satellite formation keeping operations by using the differential lift and drag to control the drift caused by J2 perturbation in circular or near-circular low earth orbits (LEOs).

Design/methodology/approach
Each spacecraft is equipped with five large flat plates, which can be controlled to generate differential accelerations. The aerodynamic lift and drag acting on a flat plate is calculated by the kinetic theory. To maintain the formation within tracking error bounds in the presence of J2 perturbation, a nonlinear Lyapunov-based feedback control law is designed.

Findings
Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method is efficient for the satellite formation keeping and better accuracy advantage in comparison with classical approaches via the fixed maximum differential aerodynamic acceleration.

Research limitations/implications
Because the aerodynamic force will reduce drastically as the orbital altitude increases, the formation keeping control strategy for small satellites presented in this paper should be limited to the scenarios when satellites are in LEO.

Practical implications
The formation keeping control method in this paper can be applied to solve satellite formation keeping problem for small satellites in LEO.

Originality/value
This paper proposes a Lyapunov control strategy for satellite formation keeping considering both lift and drag forces, and simulation results show better performance with high accuracy under J2 perturbation.