bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electric Control of the Hall effect in Pt/Bi0.9La0.1FeO3 bilayers
Authors: Gao Rongli , Fu Chunlin , Cai Wei , Chen Gang , Deng Xiaoling , Zhang Hongrui , Sun Jirong , Shen Baogen 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPlatinum metal, being nonmagnetic and with a strong spin-orbit coupling interaction, has been deposited on weak ferromagnetic Bi0.9La0.1FeO3 thin films. The Hall effect is studied as a function of the polarization direction of multiferroic Bi0.9La0.1FeO3 thin films, as well as magnetic field (H) and temperature (T). For the two polarization directions, besides the obvious difference of the anomalous Hall resistance RAH, it increases sharply with decreasing temperature and even changes sign, thus violating the conventional expression. This observations indicate local magnetic moments in Pt caused by the local electric fields at the interface of Bi0.9La0.1FeO3 films. Also, possible proximity effects and induced magnetic ordering in Pt on weak ferromagnetic Bi0.9La0.1FeO3 thin films of both upward and downward polarization states may exist and their contribution to the spin-related measurements should not be neglected.
Delineating taxonomic boundaries in the largest species complex of black flies (Simuliidae) in the Oriental Region
Authors: Low Van Lun , Takaoka Hiroyuki , Pramual Pairot , Adler Peter H. , Ya’cob Zubaidah , Huang Yao-Te , Da Pham Xuan , Ramli Rosli , Chen Chee Dhang , Wannaket Anukhcha , Sofian-Azirun Mohd 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPerspicuous assessments of taxonomic boundaries and discovery of cryptic taxa are of paramount importance in interpreting ecological and evolutionary phenomena among black flies (Simuliidae) and combating associated vector-borne diseases. Simulium tani Takaoka & Davies is the largest and perhaps the most taxonomically challenging species complex of black flies in the Oriental Region. We use a DNA sequence-based method to delineate currently recognized chromosomal and morphological taxa in the S. tani complex on the Southeast Asian mainland and Taiwan, while elucidating their phylogenetic relationships. A molecular approach using multiple genes, coupled with morphological and chromosomal data, supported recognition of cytoform K and morphoform ‘b’ as valid species; indicated that S. xuandei, cytoform L and morphoform ‘a’ contain possible cryptic species; and suggested that cytoform B is in the early stages of reproductive isolation whereas lineage sorting is incomplete in cytoforms A, C and G.
Circulating and tumor-infiltrating mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Ling Limian , Lin Yuyang , Zheng Wenwen , Hong Sen , Tang Xiuqi , Zhao Pingwei , Li Ming , Ni Jingsong , Li Chenguang , Wang Lei , Jiang Yanfang 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are important for immune defense against infectious pathogens and regulate the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. However, their roles in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) are still unclear. This study examined the phenotype, distribution, clinical relevance and potential function of MAIT cells in CRC patients. We found that the percentages of circulating memory CD8+ MAIT cells were significantly reduced while tumor infiltrating MAIT cells were increased, especially in patients with advanced CRC. The serum CEA levels were positively correlated with the percentages of tumor infiltrating MAIT cells in CRC patients, but negatively correlated with the percentages of circulating MAIT in advanced CRC patients. Activated circulating MAIT cells from CRC patients produced lower IFN-γ, but higher IL-17. Furthermore, higher levels of Vα7.2-Jα33, IFN-γ and IL-17A were expressed in the CRC tissues. Co-culture of activated MAIT cells with HCT116 cells enhanced IL-17 expression and induced HCT116 cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase in a contact- and dose-dependent manner, which was abrogated by treatment with anti-MR1. Therefore, MAIT cells preferably infiltrate into the solid tumor in CRC patients and may participate in the immune surveillance of CRC.
Multidisciplinary investigation links backward-speech trait and working memory through genetic mutation
Authors: Prekovic Stefan , Đurđević Dušica Filipović , Csifcsák Gábor , Šveljo Olivera , Stojković Oliver , Janković Milica , Koprivšek Katarina , Covill Laura E , Lučić Milos , Van den Broeck Thomas , Helsen Christine , Ceroni Fabiola , Claessens Frank , Newbury Dianne F 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCase studies of unusual traits can provide unique snapshots of the effects of modified systems. In this study, we report on an individual from a Serbian family with the ability to rapidly, accurately and voluntarily speak backwards. We consider psychological, neural and genetic correlates of this trait to identify specific relevant neural mechanisms and new molecular pathways for working memory and speech-related tasks. EEG data suggest that the effect of word reversal precedes semantic integration of visually presented backward-words and that event-related potentials above the frontal lobe are affected by both word reversal and the maintenance of backward-words in working memory. fMRI revealed that the left fusiform gyrus may facilitate the production of backward-speech. Exome sequencing identified three novel coding variants of potential significance in the RIC3, RIPK1 and ZBED5 genes. Taken together, our data suggest that, in this individual, the ability to speak backwards is afforded by an extraordinary working memory capacity. We hypothesise that this is served by cholinergic projections from the basal forebrain to the frontal cortex and supported by visual semantic loops within the left fusiform gyrus and that these neural processes may be mediated by a genetic mutation in RIC3; a chaperone for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
Peculiar liquid-feeding and pathogen transmission behavior of Aedes togoi and comparison with Anopheles sinensis
Authors: Lee Sang Joon , Kang Dooho , Lee Seung Chul , Ha Young-Ran 
Published: February 2016

AbstractFemale mosquitoes transmit various diseases as vectors during liquid-feeding. Identifying the determinants of vector efficiency is a major scientific challenge in establishing strategies against these diseases. Infection rate and transmission efficiency are interconnected with the mosquito-induced liquid-feeding flow as main indexes of vector efficiency. However, the relationship between liquid-feeding characteristics and pathogen remains poorly understood. The liquid-feeding behavior of Aedes togoi and Anopheles sinensis was comparatively investigated in conjunction with vector efficiency via micro-particle image velocimetry. The flow rates and ratio of the ejection volume of Aedes togoi were markedly higher than those of Anophels sinensis. These differences would influence pathogen re-ingestion. Wall shear stresses of these mosquito species were also clearly discriminatory affecting the infective rates of vector-borne diseases. The variations in volume of two pump chambers and diameter of proboscis of these mosquito species were compared to determine the differences in the liquid-feeding process. Liquid-feeding characteristics influence vector efficiency; hence, this study can elucidate the vector efficiency of mosquitoes and the vector-pathogen interactions and contribute to the development of strategies against vector-borne diseases.
A Cross-Species Study of PI3K Protein-Protein Interactions Reveals the Direct Interaction of P85 and SHP2
Authors: Breitkopf Susanne B. , Yang Xuemei , Begley Michael J. , Kulkarni Meghana , Chiu Yu-Hsin , Turke Alexa B. , Lauriol Jessica , Yuan Min , Qi Jie , Engelman Jeffrey A. , Hong Pengyu , Kontaridis Maria I. , Cantley Lewis C. , Perrimon Norbert , Asara John M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractUsing a series of immunoprecipitation (IP) – tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) experiments and reciprocal BLAST, we conducted a fly-human cross-species comparison of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) interactome in a drosophila S2R+ cell line and several NSCLC and human multiple myeloma cell lines to identify conserved interacting proteins to PI3K, a critical signaling regulator of the AKT pathway. Using H929 human cancer cells and drosophila S2R+ cells, our data revealed an unexpected direct binding of Corkscrew, the drosophila ortholog of the non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase type II (SHP2) to the Pi3k21B (p60) regulatory subunit of PI3K (p50/p85 human ortholog) but no association with Pi3k92e, the human ortholog of the p110 catalytic subunit. The p85-SHP2 association was validated in human cell lines and formed a ternary regulatory complex with GRB2-associated-binding protein 2 (GAB2). Validation experiments with knockdown of GAB2 and Far-Western blots proved the direct interaction of SHP2 with p85, independent of adaptor proteins and transfected FLAG-p85 provided evidence that SHP2 binding on p85 occurred on the SH2 domains. A disruption of the SHP2-p85 complex took place after insulin/IGF1 stimulation or imatinib treatment, suggesting that the direct SHP2-p85 interaction was both independent of AKT activation and positively regulates the ERK signaling pathway.
Omics for prediction of environmental health effects: Blood leukocyte-based cross-omic profiling reliably predicts diseases associated with tobacco smoking
Authors: Georgiadis Panagiotis , Hebels Dennie G. , Valavanis Ioannis , Liampa Irene , Bergdahl Ingvar A. , Johansson Anders , Palli Domenico , Chadeau-Hyam Marc , Chatziioannou Aristotelis , Jennen Danyel G. J. , Krauskopf Julian , Jetten Marlon J. , Kleinjans Jos C. S. , Vineis Paolo , Kyrtopoulos Soterios A. ,   The EnviroGenomarkers consortium, Gottschalk Ralph , van Leeuwen Danitsja , Timmermans Leen , de Kok Theo M.C.M. , Botsivali Maria , Bendinelli Benedetta , Kelly Rachel , Vermeulen Roel , Portengen Lutzen , Saberi-Hosnijeh Fatemeh , Melin Beatrice , Hallmans Göran , Lenner Per , Keun Hector C. , Siskos Alexandros , Athersuch Toby J. , Kogevinas Manolis , Stephanou Euripides G. , Myridakis Antonis , Fazzo Lucia , De Santis Marco , Comba Pietro , Kiviranta Hannu , Rantakokko Panu , Airaksinen Riikka , Ruokojärvi Päivi , Gilthorpe Mark , Fleming Sarah , Fleming Thomas , Tu Yu-Kang , Jonsson Bo , Lundh Thomas , Chen Wei J. , Lee Wen-Chung , Kate Hsiao Chuhsing , Chien Kuo-Liong , Kuo Po-Hsiu , Hung Hung , Liao Shu-Fen 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe utility of blood-based omic profiles for linking environmental exposures to their potential health effects was evaluated in 649 individuals, drawn from the general population, in relation to tobacco smoking, an exposure with well-characterised health effects. Using disease connectivity analysis, we found that the combination of smoking-modified, genome-wide gene (including miRNA) expression and DNA methylation profiles predicts with remarkable reliability most diseases and conditions independently known to be causally associated with smoking (indicative estimates of sensitivity and positive predictive value 94% and 84%, respectively). Bioinformatics analysis reveals the importance of a small number of smoking-modified, master-regulatory genes and suggest a central role for altered ubiquitination. The smoking-induced gene expression profiles overlap significantly with profiles present in blood cells of patients with lung cancer or coronary heart disease, diseases strongly associated with tobacco smoking. These results provide proof-of-principle support to the suggestion that omic profiling in peripheral blood has the potential of identifying early, disease-related perturbations caused by toxic exposures and may be a useful tool in hazard and risk assessment.
Three DUF1996 Proteins Localize in Vacuoles and Function in Fungal Responses to Multiple Stresses and Metal Ions
Authors: Tong Sen-Miao , Chen Ying , Ying Sheng-Hua , Feng Ming-Guang 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMany annotated fungal genomes harbour high proportions of hypothetical proteins with or without domains of unknown function (DUF). Here, three novel proteins (342−497 amino acids), each containing only a single large DUF1996 (231−250 residues) region with highly conserved head (DPIXXP) and tail (HXDXXXGW) signatures, were expressed as eGFP-tagged fusion proteins and shown to specifically localize in the vacuoles of Beauveria bassiana, a filamentous fungal entomopathogen; therefore, these proteins were named vacuole-localized proteins (VLPs). The VLPs have one to three homologues in other entomopathogenic or non-entomopathogenic filamentous fungi but no homologues in yeasts. The large DUF1996 regions can be formulated as D-X4-P-X5–6-H-X-H-X3-G-X25–26-D-X-S-X-YW-X-P-X123–203-CP-X39–48-H-X-D-X3-GW; the identical residues likely involve in a proton antiport system for intracellular homeostasis. Single deletions of three VLP-coding genes (vlp1–3) increased fungal sensitivities to cell wall perturbation, high osmolarity, oxidation and several metal ions. Conidial thermotolerance decreased by ~11% in two Δvlp mutants and UV-B resistance decreased by 41−57% in three Δvlp mutants. All the changes were restored by targeted gene complementation. However, the deletions did not influence fungal growth, conidiation, virulence or Cu2+ sensitivity. Our findings unveiled a role for the DUF1996 regions of three B. bassiana VLPs in the regulation of multiple stress responses and environmental adaptation.
An efficient Potato virus X -based microRNA silencing in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Zhao Jinping , Liu Qingtao , Hu Pu , Jia Qi , Liu Na , Yin Kangquan , Cheng Ye , Yan Fei , Chen Jianping , Liu Yule 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPlant microRNAs (miRNAs) play pivotal roles in many biological processes. Although many miRNAs have been identified in various plant species, the functions of these miRNAs remain largely unknown due to the shortage of effective genetic tools to block their functional activity. Recently, miRNA target mimic (TM) technologies have been applied to perturb the activity of specific endogenous miRNA or miRNA families. We previously reported thatTobacco rattle virus(TRV)-based TM expression can successfully mediate virus-based miRNA silencing/suppression (VbMS) in plants. In this study, we show thePotato virus X(PVX)-based TM expression causes strong miRNA silencing inNicotiana benthamiana. The PVX-based expression of short tandem target mimic (STTMs) against miR165/166 and 159 caused the corresponding phenotype in all infected plants. Thus, a PVX-based VbMS is a powerful method to study miRNA function and may be useful for high-throughput investigation of miRNA function inN. benthamiana.
Role of brassinosteroid signaling in modulating Tobacco mosaic virus resistance in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Deng Xing-Guang , Zhu Tong , Peng Xing-Ji , Xi De-Hui , Guo Hongqing , Yin Yanhai , Zhang Da-Wei , Lin Hong-Hui 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPlant steroid hormones, brassinosteroids (BRs), play essential roles in plant growth, development and stress responses. However, mechanisms by which BRs interfere with plant resistance to virus remain largely unclear. In this study, we used pharmacological and genetic approaches in combination with infection experiments to investigate the role of BRs in plant defense against Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) in Nicotiana benthamiana. Exogenous applied BRs enhanced plant resistance to virus infection, while application of Bikinin (inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3), which activated BR signaling, increased virus susceptibility. Silencing of NbBRI1 and NbBSK1 blocked BR-induced TMV resistance and silencing of NbBES1/BZR1 blocked Bikinin-reduced TMV resistance. Silencing of NbMEK2, NbSIPK and NbRBOHB all compromised BR-induced virus resistance and defense-associated genes expression. Furthermore, we found MEK2-SIPK cascade activated while BES1/BZR1 inhibited RBOHB-dependent ROS production, defense gene expression and virus resistance induced by BRs. Thus, our results revealed BR signaling had two opposite effects on viral defense response. On the one hand, BRs enhanced virus resistance through MEK2-SIPK cascade and RBOHB-dependent ROS burst. On the other hand, BES1/BZR1 inhibited RBOHB-dependent ROS production and acted as an important mediator of the trade-off between growth and immunity in BR signaling.
Hybrid HVDC circuit breaker with self‐powered gate drives
Authors: Effah Francis B. , Watson Alan J. , Ji Chao , Amankwah Emmanuel , Johnson C. Mark , Davidson Colin , Clare Jon 
Published: February 2016

The ever increasing electric power demand and the advent of renewable energy sources have revived the interest in high‐voltage direct current (HVDC) multi‐terminal networks. However, the absence of a suitable circuit breaker (CB) or fault tolerant voltage source converter station topologies with the required characteristics (such as operating speed) have, until recently, been an obstacle in the development of large scale multi‐terminal networks for HVDC. This study presents a hybrid HVDC CB concept which is capable of meeting the requirements of HVDC networks. Simulation results are presented which are validated by experimental results taken from a 2.5 kV, 700 A rated laboratory prototype.
Hybrid promiscuous (Hypr) GGDEF enzymes produce cyclic AMP-GMP (3′, 3′-cGAMP)
Authors: Hallberg Zachary F. , Wang Xin C. , Wright Todd A. , Nan Beiyan , Ad Omer , Yeo Jongchan , Hammond Ming C. 
Published: February 2016

Significance
Cyclic di-GMP (cdiG) is an important bacterial signaling molecule because it regulates motility and affects surface colonization and biofilm formation. It has long been established that cdiG is made by GGDEF enzymes, which are named after five conserved amino acids in the catalytic domain. However, a major group of bacteria, proteobacteria, have a high abundance of these enzymes, which raises the possibility that some of these enzymes have alternate functions. This study details the discovery of GGDEF enzymes that can also make cyclic AMP-GMP (cAG), a recently identified signaling molecule that regulates surface sensing and attachment in pathogenic and environmental bacteria. This provides the first evidence to our knowledge that GGDEF enzymes can make alternative cyclic dinucleotides to cdiG and that cAG is more widespread in proteobacteria.
Strand-biased cytosine deamination at the replication fork causes cytosine to thymine mutations in
Escherichia coli
Authors: Bhagwat Ashok S. , Hao Weilong , Townes Jesse P. , Lee Heewook , Tang Haixu , Foster Patricia L. 
Published: February 2016

Significance
C:G to T:A mutations constitute the largest class of spontaneous base substitutions in all organisms. These mutations are thought to be a result of cytosine deaminations, but what promotes these deaminations is unclear. We confirm here the hypothesis that they occur predominantly in single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and identify the ssDNA in the lagging strand template as the preferred site of C:G to T:A mutations. As a consequence, replication creates a strand bias in these mutations, and this overwhelms any strand bias resulting from transcription. These results explain a long-recognized bias in base composition of microbial genomes called GC skew and predicts that C:G to T:A mutations created by the APOBEC3 family deaminases in cancer genomes should occur with the same strand bias.
Spatial structure of neuronal receptive field in awake monkey secondary visual cortex (V2)
Authors: Liu Lu , She Liang , Chen Ming , Liu Tianyi , Lu Haidong D. , Dan Yang , Poo Mu-ming 
Published: February 2016

Significance
Using a computational method to analyze neuronal responses evoked by natural scene stimuli, we performed a comprehensive identification of secondary visual cortex (V2) neuronal receptive fields (RFs) and found several novel spatial structures of RFs. This approach imposes no assumption about the selectivity of the neurons, thus allowing a more objective search of RFs. Furthermore, by combining single-unit recording with optical imaging of intrinsic signals, we examined the spatial distribution of V2 neurons exhibiting different RFs, with respect to the V2 stripes defined previously by cytochrome oxidase staining. The identified V2 RFs could be explained by convergence of V1 neurons with well-known primary visual cortex RFs. This study illustrates that computational approach is useful for comprehensive RF identification in higher visual cortices.
Integrated nanotechnology platform for tumor-targeted multimodal imaging and therapeutic cargo release
Authors: Hosoya Hitomi , Dobroff Andrey S. , Driessen Wouter H. P. , Cristini Vittorio , Brinker Lina M. , Staquicini Fernanda I. , Cardó-Vila Marina , D’Angelo Sara , Ferrara Fortunato , Proneth Bettina , Lin Yu-Shen , Dunphy Darren R. , Dogra Prashant , Melancon Marites P. , Stafford R. Jason , Miyazono Kohei , Gelovani Juri G. , Kataoka Kazunori , Brinker C. Jeffrey , Sidman Richard L. , Arap Wadih , Pasqualini Renata 
Published: February 2016

Significance
The main goal in the emerging field of cancer nanomedicine is to generate, standardize, and produce multifunctional carriers designed to improve the response of drugs against tumors. Here we report the design, development, and preclinical validation of a ligand-directed bioinorganic platform that integrates tumor targeting, receptor-mediated cell internalization, photon-to-heat conversion, and drug delivery. This enabling hydrogel-based technology can accommodate a broad variety of ligands, nanoparticles, and payloads. We show experimental proof-of-concept in mouse models of breast and prostate cancer with molecular imaging and marked reduction of tumor growth. However, with future proof that this technology is translatable, medical applications beyond cancer may also be leveraged.
Carbohydrate gel ingestion during running in the heat on markers of gastrointestinal distress
Authors: Sessions Jenna , Bourbeau Kelsey , Rosinski Mattina , Szczygiel Taylor , Nelson Rachael , Sharma Naveen , Zuhl Micah 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to measure the effects of carbohydrate ingestion during exercise in the heat by measuring markers of gastrointestinal damage and inflammation. Methods: Active subjects (n = 7) completed two 60‐min running trials in a heated environment (70% VO2max, 30°C). At minute 20 of exercise, subjects consumed a carbohydrate gel (Cho) (27 g), or a non‐carbohydrate placebo (nCho). Plasma endotoxin, I‐FABP, TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐1β, IL‐10, and MCP‐1 were measured pre‐exercise, 20‐min post‐exercise, and again 2‐h, and 4‐h post‐exercise. Results: Endotoxin increased 20‐min post‐exercise compared to pre in the Cho trial only (p = .03). I‐FABP levels increased 20‐min post‐exercise in the Cho trial only compared to pre‐exercise (p = .003). I‐FABP levels were also increased in Cho trial 20‐min post‐exercise when compared to same time point in the nCho trial (p = .032). TNF‐α increased 20‐min post‐exercise in the Cho trial only compared to pre (p = .03). Plasma IL‐6 concentration increased 20‐min post‐exercise when compared to pre in both the Cho (p = .002) and nCho (p = .009), but remained elevated at the 2‐h time point in the nCho trial (p = .03). I‐FABP and several plasma cytokines (TNF‐α, MCP‐1, Il‐6) returned to baseline sooner in the Cho trial. Conclusions: Ingestion of carbohydrate gel during exercise in the heat enhances markers of gastrointestinal wall damage.