bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acteoside‐mediates chemoprevention of experimental liver carcinogenesis through STAT‐3 regulated oxidative stress and apoptosis
Authors: Peerzada Kaiser J. , Faridi Aamir H. , Sharma Love , Bhardwaj Subhash C. , Satti Naresh K. , Shashi Bhushan , Tasduq Sheikh A. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTIn the absence of an effective therapy against Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC), chemoprevention remains an important strategy to circumvent morbidity and mortality. Here, we examined chemopreventive potential of Acteoside (ACT), a plant derived phenylethanoid glycoside against an environmental and dietary carcinogen, diethylnitrosamine (DEN)‐induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis. ACT treatment (0.1 and 0.3% supplemented with diet) started 2 weeks before DEN challenge and continued for 18 weeks thereafter, showed a remarkable chemopreventive activity. ACT treatment resulted in reduced HCC nodules. Histopathology showed progressive tissue damage, necrosis (5 weeks), hepatocytic injury (10 weeks), anisonucleosis with presence of prominent nucleoli, sinusidal dilations, and lymphomono nuclear inflammation (18 weeks). Biochemical analysis showed hepatocytic injury (raised ALT, p < 0.001), inflammation [IL‐6, IFN‐γ (p < 0.05), and TNF‐α (p < 0.001)], apoptosis [elevated Caspase‐3 (p < 0.001)]. ACT at 0.1 and 0.3% ameliorated DEN‐induced pre‐hepatocarcinogenic manifestations. Mechanistic studies of ACT chemoprevention was elucidated using Hep3B cells with an aim to develop an in vitro DEN‐induced toxicity model. Hep3B was found to be a reliable and more sensitive towards DEN toxicity compared to HepG2 and HuH7 cells. ACT prevented DEN‐induced cytotoxicity (p < 0.001), DNA damage, and genotoxicity (micronuclei test, DNA ladder test, Hoechst staining, cell cycle analysis). ACT significantly (p < 0.001) scavenged DEN‐induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and prevented mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) loss. Immunoblotting showed ACT treatment reversed DEN‐induced NF‐κB, Bax, Cytochrome C, Bcl‐2, and Stat‐3 levels. We conclude that chemoprotective effect of ACT is mediated by STAT‐3 dependent regulation of oxidative stress and apoptosis and ACT has potential to be developed as a chemopreventive agent. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 782–798, 2016.
Triptolide induced cell death through apoptosis and autophagy in murine leukemia WEHI‐3 cells in vitro and promoting immune responses in WEHI‐3 generated leukemia mice in vivo
Authors: Chan Shih‐Feng , Chen Ya‐Yin , Lin Jen‐Jyh , Liao Ching‐Lung , Ko Yang‐Ching , Tang Nou‐Ying , Kuo Chao‐Lin , Liu Kuo‐Ching , Chung Jing‐Gung 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTTriptolide, a traditional Chinese medicine, obtained from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, has anti‐inflammatory, antiproliferative, and proapoptotic properties. We investigated the potential efficacy of triptolide on murine leukemia by measuring the triptolide‐induced cytotoxicity in murine leukemia WEHI‐3 cells in vitro. Results indicated that triptolide induced cell morphological changes and induced cytotoxic effects through G0/G1 phase arrest, induction of apoptosis. Flow cytometric assays showed that triptolide increased the production of reactive oxygen species, Ca2+ release and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and activations of caspase‐8, ‐9, and ‐3. Triptolide increased protein levels of Fas, Fas‐L, Bax, cytochrome c, caspase‐9, Endo G, Apaf‐1, PARP, caspase‐3 but reduced levels of AIF, ATF6α, ATF6β, and GRP78 in WEHI‐3 cells. Triptolide stimulated autophagy based on an increase in acidic vacuoles, monodansylcadaverine staining for LC‐3 expression and increased protein levels of ATG 5, ATG 7, and ATG 12. The in vitro data suggest that the cytotoxic effects of triptolide may involve cross‐talk between cross‐interaction of apoptosis and autophagy. Normal BALB/c mice were i.p. injected with WEHI‐3 cells to generate leukemia and were oral treatment with triptolide at 0, 0.02, and 0.2 mg/kg for 3 weeks then animals were weighted and blood, liver, spleen samples were collected. Results indicated that triptolide did not significantly affect the weights of animal body, spleen and liver of leukemia mice, however, triptolide significant increased the cell populations of T cells (CD3), B cells (CD19), monocytes (CD11b), and macrophage (Mac‐3). Furthermore, triptolide increased the phagocytosis of macrophage from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) but not effects from peritoneum. Triptolide promoted T and B cell proliferation at 0.02 and 0.2 mg/kg treatment when cells were pretreated with Con A and LPS stimulation, respectively; however, triptolide did not significant affect NK cell activities in vivo. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 550–568, 2017.
Changes in ductus venosus flow profile in twin–twin transfusion syndrome: role in risk stratification
Authors: Wohlmuth C. , Osei F. A. , Moise K. J. , Wieser I. , Johnson A. , Papanna R. , Bebbington M. , Gardiner H. M. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo evaluate changes in ductus venosus (DV) waveforms and the timing of these changes in twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), to relate these to disease severity and to assess the clinical applicability of the suggested measurements in the prediction of TTTS.MethodsDV time intervals and velocity‐time integrals (VTI) normalized to cardiac cycle and total VTI, respectively, as well as velocity ratios were analyzed in 149 monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twin pairs. Pregnancies were assigned to the following groups: uncomplicated MCDA (n = 29); TTTS Stages I+II (n = 50); TTTS Stages III+IV (n = 49); and pre‐TTTS (n = 21), of which 14 remained stable and seven progressed to TTTS. Intertwin differences were calculated as larger/recipient minus smaller/donor and related to disease severity. Receiver–operating characteristics curve analysis was used to distinguish TTTS vs uncomplicated MCDA and pre‐TTTS progressing to TTTS vs non‐progressing pre‐TTTS. Intra‐ and interobserver reliability of measurement of DV parameters were evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).ResultsNo intertwin differences in DV parameters were found in uncomplicated MCDA pregnancies. Diastolic VTIs and filling times were significantly shorter in recipient twins in TTTS cases and in larger pre‐TTTS twins in comparison with their cotwins. Time intervals, VTIs and velocity ratios correlated significantly with Quintero stages. An intertwin difference in early filling time (eT) normalized to cardiac cycle, eT (%) ≤ −3.6%, could differentiate TTTS from uncomplicated MCDA pregnancies (82.8% sensitivity; 79.8% specificity) and eT (%) ≤ −2.8% predicted progression to TTTS (73.1% sensitivity; 67.4% specificity).ConclusionsDV flow profiles and timing of waveform events are already altered in pre‐TTTS and early‐stage disease, reflecting abnormal ventricular filling and circulatory imbalance. Intertwin comparison of filling times and VTI may allow prediction of evolving TTTS in MCDA pregnancies. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Total uterine artery blood volume flow rate in nulliparous women is associated with birth weight and gestational age at delivery
Authors: McKelvey A. , Pateman K. , Balchin I. , Peebles D. M. , Rodeck C. H. , David A. L. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between total uterine artery blood volume flow rate (TVFR) and birth weight and gestational age at delivery, and to establish normal ranges of TVFR throughout pregnancy.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study of 334 nulliparous women booking antenatal care at University College London Hospital between August 2008 and September 2009. Women underwent a transabdominal ultrasound examination of uterine arteries for measurement of TVFR at 12, 20 and 24 weeks' gestation. Pregnancy outcomes were recorded and linear regression was used to study the relationship between TVFR and gestational age at delivery and birth weight.ResultsA total of 551 ultrasound scans were performed. There was a significant, positive correlation between TVFR at 11–13 weeks (TVFR1) and at 22–26 weeks (TVFR3) and birth weight. For every 100‐mL/min increase in TVFR1 and TVFR3, there was an increase in birth weight of 45 g and 27 g, respectively. There was also a positive association between TVFR1 and gestational age at delivery, with a 1.4‐day increase in gestational age for every 100‐mL/min increase of TVFR1.ConclusionUltrasound measurement of TVFR in the first trimester is significantly associated with both birth weight and gestational age at delivery. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Climate change communication: what can we learn from communication theory?
Authors: Ballantyne Anne Gammelgaard 
Published: March 2016

The literature on climate change communication addresses a range of issues relevant to the communication of climate change and climate science to lay audiences or publics. In doing so, it approaches this particular challenge from a variety of different perspectives and theoretical frameworks. Analyzing the body of scholarly literature on climate change communication, this article critically reviews how communication is conceptualized in the literature and concludes that the field of climate change communication is characterized by diverging and incompatible understandings of communication as a theoretical construct. In some instances, communication theory appears reduced to an ‘ad hoc’ toolbox, from which theories are randomly picked to provide studies with a fitting framework. Inspired by the paradigm shift from transmission to interaction within communication theory, potential lessons from the field of communication theory are highlighted and discussed in the context of communicating climate change. Rooted in the interaction paradigm, the article proposes a meta‐theoretical framework that conceptualizes communication as a constitutive process of producing and reproducing shared meanings. Rather than operating in separate ontological and epistemological perspectives, a meta‐theoretical conceptualization of communication would ensure a common platform that advances multiperspective argumentation and discussion of the role of climate change communication in society.WIREs Clim Change2016, 7:329–344. doi: 10.1002/wcc.392This article is categorized under:Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Communication
Tunable electronic and magnetic properties of two‐dimensional materials and their one‐dimensional derivatives
Authors: Zhang Zhuhua , Liu Xiaofei , Yu Jin , Hang Yang , Li Yao , Guo Yufeng , Xu Ying , Sun Xu , Zhou Jianxin , Guo Wanlin 
Published: March 2016

Low‐dimensional materials exhibit many exceptional properties and functionalities which can be efficiently tuned by externally applied force or fields. Here we review the current status of research on tuning the electronic and magnetic properties of low‐dimensional carbon, boron nitride, metal‐dichalcogenides, phosphorene nanomaterials by applied engineering strain, external electric field and interaction with substrates, etc, with particular focus on the progress of computational methods and studies. We highlight the similarities and differences of the property modulation among one‐ and two‐dimensional nanomaterials. Recent breakthroughs in experimental demonstration of the tunable functionalities in typical nanostructures are also presented. Finally, prospective and challenges for applying the tunable properties into functional devices are discussed. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2016, 6:324–350. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1251This article is categorized under:

Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science
Two Energetic Ionic Salts of en·PA·H2O and en·TNR: Preparation, Structural Characterization, and Properties
Authors: Zhang Zhi‐Bin , Yin Lei , Yin Xin , Zhang Jian‐Guo 
Published: March 2016

AbstractEnergetic salts of en·PA·H2O and en·TNR were synthesized by using ethylenediamine and picric acid (PA) or 2,4,6‐trinitroresorcinol (TNR) as raw materials, and their structures were characterized by elemental analysis and FT‐IR spectroscopy. Single crystals of the title salts were obtained and their structures were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The thermal decomposition behaviors were investigated by DSC and TG‐DTG technologies, furthermore the non‐isothermal kinetic parameters and enthalpies of formation for the salts were calculated. Their combustion heats were measured by oxygen bomb calorimetry and their enthalpies of formation were also calculated based on the combustion heat data. In addition, the detonation pressure (P) and detonation velocities (D) of the salts were predicted by using the K‐J equations. The results indicated that the title salts have potential applications in the field of energetic materials.
Brief report: Benefit finding and identity processes in type 1 diabetes: Prospective associations throughout adolescence
Authors: Luyckx Koen , Ramsey Meagan A. , Kelly Caitlin S. , Wiebe Deborah J. , Mello Daniel , Oris Leen , Prikken Sofie , Verschueren Margaux , Berg Cynthia A. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTIdentity formation constitutes a core developmental task during adolescence, but may be challenged when having a chronic illness such as type 1 diabetes. The present study examined whether viewing positive benefits to one's diabetes across adolescence was related to greater identity exploration and commitment later in time. A total of 55 adolescents (10–14 years; 47% female) with type 1 diabetes participated in a six‐wave study spanning 3 years (with six‐month measurement intervals). Through latent growth curve modeling, Time 6 identity scores were regressed on intercept and slope terms of benefit finding through Times 1–4, simultaneously controlling for demographic and clinical variables. Identity exploration (but not commitment) at Time 6 was positively predicted by the intercept and slope of benefit finding: adolescents who find benefits in diabetes are more inclined to explore different alternatives later on in adolescence. Benefit finding may constitute a resource facilitating identity formation in adolescents with diabetes.
Sexual Practices, Fertility Intentions, and Awareness to Prevent Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV Among Infected Pregnant Women at the Yaounde Central Hospital
Authors: Kuete Martin , Yuan Hongfang , He Qian , Tchoua Kemayou Aude Laure , Ndognjem Tita Pale , Yang Fan , Hu ZhiZong , Tian BoZhen , Zhao Kai , Zhang HuiPing , Xiong ChengLiang 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Introduction
The sexual and reproductive health of people living with HIV is fundamental for their well-being. Antiretroviral therapy and reproductive technologies have significantly improved quality of life of people living with HIV in developed countries. In sub-Saharan Africa, the epicenter of HIV, the sexual practices and fertility of women infected with HIV have been understudied.

Aim
To assess the sexual behavior, fertility intentions, and awareness of preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV in pregnant women with HIV-negative partners in Yaounde Central Hospital (Yaounde, Cameroon).

Methods
A cross-sectional survey using a semistructured, interviewer-administered questionnaire was conducted at the antenatal unit and HIV clinic in 2014.

Main Outcome Measures
Ninety-four pregnant women infected with HIV provided consistent information on (i) sociodemographic characteristics, (ii) sexual and fertility patterns, (iii) awareness of preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV, and (iv) their unmet needs.

Results
Although sexual desire had significantly changed since their HIV diagnosis, the women were highly sexually active. Approximately 19% of women had more than one sexual partner and 40% had regular unprotected sex during the 12-month period before the interviews (P &lt; .0001). Twenty-nine percent of women preferred intermittent sexual intercourse and inconsistent condom use to delay pregnancy, but the abortion rate remained high. Age, marital status, and education affected women's awareness of mother-to-child transmission (P &lt; .05); and no association existed between the number of living children and future pregnancies (rs = −0.217; P = .036).

Conclusion
HIV-infected women living with HIV-negative partners in Cameroon expressed high sexual and fertility intentions with several unmet needs, including safer sexual practices and conception. Incorporating and supporting safe sexual educational practices and conception services in maternal care can decrease risky sexual behavior and vertical transmission.
Die Rolle von Präferenzen für Langzeitpflege in der sozialen Pflegeversicherung – Ergebnisse von Experteninterviews
Authors: Heuchert M. , König H.-H. , Lehnert T. 
Published: March 2016

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Aufgrund der Alterung der deutschen Bevölkerung wird die Zahl pflegebedürftiger Menschen in Zukunft stark zunehmen. Informationen über Präferenzen für Langzeitpflege können für Entscheidungsträger bei zukünftigen Reformen der Pflegeversicherung eine wichtige Quelle darstellen. So kann die Kenntnis von Präferenzen zu einer besseren Übereinstimmung zwischen den Wünschen und der Inanspruchnahme von Leistungen beitragen. Ziel der Studie ist es Präferenzen für Langzeitpflege mit den dahinterstehenden Gründen, als auch die Möglichkeiten individuelle Präferenzen im Rahmen der Pflegeversicherung zu realisieren, darzustellen.
Methoden: Leitfadengestützte Interviews mit 20 Experten aus dem Bereich Langzeitpflege (Pflegeversicherung) zwischen Juli und September 2014, die mit Methoden der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet wurden.
Ergebnisse: Unabhängig vom Pflegearrangement präferieren Menschen eine zeitlich und organisatorisch flexible Pflege, bei der sich Autonomie und Individualität so weit wie möglich aufrechterhalten lassen. Idealerweise erfolgt die Pflege in der eigenen Häuslichkeit durch Angehörige. Daneben besitzt die Versorgung durch ambulante Pflegedienste ebenfalls eine (zunehmend) hohe Bedeutung. Stationäre Pflege wird nur sehr selten der informellen häuslichen Pflege vorgezogen. Zwischenmenschliche Bedürfnisse spielen für die meisten Pflegebedürftigen eine größere Rolle als rein körperbezogene und fachliche Aspekte der Pflege.
Schlussfolgerung: Während die flexiblen Wahl- und Kombinationsmöglichkeiten der Pflegeversicherung eine wichtige Grundlage zur Realisierung individueller Präferenzen darstellen, steht die fehlende frühzeitige Auseinandersetzung mit dem Thema einer bedarfs- und präferenzgerechten Pflege vielfach entgegen.
Inferring gene targets of drugs and chemical compounds from gene expression profiles
Authors: Noh Heeju , Gunawan Rudiyanto 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMotivation: Finding genes which are directly perturbed or targeted by drugs is of great interest and importance in drug discovery. Several network filtering methods have been created to predict the gene targets of drugs from gene expression data based on an ordinary differential equation model of the gene regulatory network (GRN). A critical step in these methods involves inferring the GRN from the expression data, which is a very challenging problem on its own. In addition, existing network filtering methods require computationally intensive parameter tuning or expression data from experiments with known genetic perturbations or both.Results: We developed a method called DeltaNet for the identification of drug targets from gene expression data. Here, the gene target predictions were directly inferred from the data without a separate step of GRN inference. DeltaNet formulation led to solving an underdetermined linear regression problem, for which we employed least angle regression (DeltaNet-LAR) or LASSO regularization (DeltaNet-LASSO). The predictions using DeltaNet for expression data of Escherichia coli , yeast, fruit fly and human were significantly more accurate than those using network filtering methods, namely mode of action by network identification (MNI) and sparse simultaneous equation model (SSEM). Furthermore, DeltaNet using LAR did not require any parameter tuning and could provide computational speed-up over existing methods.Conclusion: DeltaNet is a robust and numerically efficient tool for identifying gene perturbations from gene expression data. Importantly, the method requires little to no expert supervision, while providing accurate gene target predictions.Availability and implementation: DeltaNet is available on http://www.cabsel.ethz.ch/tools/DeltaNet .Contact: rudi.gunawan@chem.ethz.chSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Cuticular bacteria appear detrimental to social spiders in mixed but not
monoculture exposure
Authors: Keiser Carl N. , Shearer Taylor A. , DeMarco Alexander E. , Brittingham Hayley A. , Knutson Karen A. , Kuo Candice , Zhao Katherine , Pruitt Jonathan N. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Much of an animal’s health status, life history, and behavior are dictated by interactions with its endogenous and exogenous bacterial communities. Unfortunately, interactions between hosts and members of their resident bacterial community are often ignored in animal behavior and behavioral ecology. Here, we aim to identify the nature of host–microbe interactions in a nonmodel organism, the African social spider Stegodyphus dumicola. We collected and identified bacteria from the cuticles of spiders in situ and then exposed spiders to bacterial monocultures cultures via topical application or injection. We also topically inoculated spiders with a concomitant “cocktail” of bacteria and measured the behavior of spiders daily for 24 days after inoculation. Lastly, we collected and identified bacteria from the cuticles of prey items in the capture webs of spiders, and then fed spiders domestic crickets which had been injected with these bacteria. We also injected 1 species of prey-borne bacteria into the hemolymph of spiders. Only Bacillus thuringiensis caused increased mortality when injected into the hemolymph of spiders, whereas no bacterial monocultures caused increased mortality when applied topically, relative to control solutions. However, a bacterial cocktail of cuticular bacteria caused weight loss and mortality when applied topically, yet did not detectibly alter spider behavior. Consuming prey injected with prey-borne bacteria was associated with an elongated lifespan in spiders. Thus, indirect evidence from multiple experiments suggests that the effects of these bacteria on spider survivorship appear contingent on their mode of colonization and whether they are applied in monoculture or within a mixed cocktail. We urge that follow-up studies should test these host–microbe interactions across different social contexts to determine the role that microbes play in colony performance.