bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Annual Bluegrass Weevil With Scimitar and Tempo, 1994
Authors: Swier Stanley R. , Turmel Jon 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was conducted on a golf course fairway at the Rutland Country Club, Rutland, VT. Two formulations and 2 rates of Scimitar were compared to Tempo for adult control. The grass mixture was 30% bluegrass and 70% bentgrass. Sprays were applied on 20 May, at peak adult emergence. Plots were 6 X 9 ft, replicated 4 times in an RCB design. Each plot was separated by a 2 ft buffer. Sprays were applied with a CO2 backpack sprayer in 1.8 gal water/1000 ft2. Sprays were allowed to dry on. Plots were lightly irrigated 2-3 times per week. Plots were rated 23 Jun by removing three 0.1 ft2 plugs per plot and counting live larvae and pupae in the lab. Conditions at the time of treatment were: air temperature, 61.7°F; wind, 2 MPH; sky, clear; soil temperature, surface 78.1°F; thatch depth, 0.4 inch soil pH, 5.4; slope, 2%; soil texture, loam; soil organic matter, 7.9%; soil moisture, 25.5%.
Influence of Application Dates on The Efficacy of Rh-0345101 for Control of An Induced Japanese Beetle Larval Population in Turfgrass, Wayne County, Ohio, 1995:
Authors: Power K. T. , Shetlar D. J. , Niemczyk H. D. , Belcher M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The study was located on the lawns of the Ohio Agri-cultural Research and Development Center at Wooster, Ohio. Applications were made 10 May, 3 Jul, and 14 Aug to plots 3 X 5 ft (0.9 X 1.5 m) arranged in a RCB replicated 4 times. Treatments were applied with a CO2 sprayer and Teejer™ XR8010VS nozzles at 30 psi (2.19 kg/cm2) pressure that delivered a volume of 3.1 gal/1000 ft2 (1262 liter/ha). Each plot received 4.5 gal (17 liters), approximately equal to ½ inch (13 mm) posttreatment irrigation, of water using a sprinkling can. The site conditions were: 100% Kentucky bluegrass, 0-W inch (0-6 mm) loose thatch, level. Environmental conditions at the 10 May treatments were as follows: JB larvae: none present; Turf: dry, 2¼ inch (5.7 cm) ht; Soil: moist, 60°F at 1 inch (2.5 cm) and 58°F at 3 inch (7.6 cm); Weather: partly cloudy, 68°F, 3-12 mph wind. Environmental conditions at the 3 Jul treatments were as follows: JB larvae: none present; Turf: dry, 2.5 inch (6.4 cm) ht; Soil: moist, 64°F at 1 inch (2.5 cm) and 3 inch (7.6 cm) depth; Weather: sunny, 67°F, 3-15 mph wind. Environmental conditions at the 14 Aug treatments were as follows: JB larvae: 1st instars present; Turf: dry, 2.25 inch (5.7 cm) ht; Soil: slightly moist, 91°F at 1 inch (2.5 cm) and 86°F at 3 inch (7.6 cm) depth; Weather: sunny, 90°F, 0-12 mph wind. A caging technique was used to insure JB oviposition into the plots. Three cylinders 8 inch (20.3 cm) in diam by 6 inch (15.3 cm) ht were inserted into the plots 19 Jul. Thirty JB adults (&gt;50% 9) were confined in each cylinder, and fed fresh apple slices coated with brewers yeast every 2 days for 14 days. Cylinders were then removed. Efficacy data taken 26 Sep (139, 77, & 43 DAT) were based on the number of live larvae in three samples 12X12 inch (30.5 X 30.5 cm) centered over the caging locations in each plot. Analysis of variance was done on plot totals and means separated by LSD test at P = 0.05.
Influence of Application Dates on the Efficacy of Rh-0345101 for Control of an Induced Japanese Beetle Larval Population in Turfgrass, Wayne County, Ohio, 1995
Authors: Power K. T. , Shetlar D. J. , Niemczyk H. D. , Belcher M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The study was located on the lawns of the Ohio Agri-cultural Research and Development Center at Wooster, Ohio. Applications were made 10 May, 3 Jul, and 14 Aug to plots 3 X 5 ft (0.9 X 1.5 m) arranged in a RCB replicated 4 times. Treatments were applied with a CO2 sprayer and Teejer™ XR8010VS nozzles at 30 psi (2.19 kg/cm2) pressure that delivered a volume of 3.1 gal/1000 ft2 (1262 liter/ha). Each plot received 4.5 gal (17 liters), approximately equal to Y2 ½ inch (13 mm) posttreatment irrigation, of water using a sprinkling can. The site conditions were: 100% Kentucky bluegrass, 0-¼inch (0-6 mm) loose thatch, level. Environmental conditions at the 10 May treatments were as follows: JB larvae: none present; Turf: dry, 2% inch (5.7 cm) ht; Soil: moist, 60°F at 1 inch (2.5 cm) and 58°F at 3 inch (7.6 cm); Weather: partly cloudy, 68°F, 3-12 mph wind. Environmental conditions at the 3 Jul treatments were as follows: JB larvae: none present; Turf: dry, 2.5 inch (6.4 cm) ht; Soil: moist, 64°F at 1 inch (2.5 cm) and 3 inch (7.6 cm) depth; Weather: sunny, 67°F, 3-15 mph wind. Environmental conditions at the 14 Aug treatments were as follows: JB larvae: 1st instars present; Turf: dry, 2.25 inch (5.7 cm) ht; Soil: slightly moist, 91°F at 1 inch (2.5 cm) and 86°F at 3 inch (7.6 cm) depth; Weather: sunny, 90°F, 0-12 mph wind. A caging technique was used to insure JB oviposition into the plots. Three cylinders 8 inch (20.3 cm) in diam by 6 inch (15.3 cm) ht were inserted into the plots 19 Jul. Thirty JB adults (&gt;50% 9) were confined in each cylinder, and fed fresh apple slices coated with brewers yeast every 2 days for 14 days. Cylinders were then removed. Efficacy data taken 26 Sep (139, 77, & 43 DAT) were based on the number of live larvae in three samples 12X12 inch (30.5 X 30.5 cm) centered over the caging locations in each plot. Analysis of variance was done on plot totals and means separated by LSD test at P = 0.05.
Apple, Control of Obliquebanded Leafroller, 1995
Authors: Johnson James W. , Wise John C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides were applied to mature trees in Fennville, MI (Orange Block) at a rate of 100 gpa with an FMC 1029 airblast sprayer. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design of single trees replicated 4 times. Applications of materials were made for the summer generation OBLR on 26 Jun (10% egg hatch), 8 Jul (50% egg hatch) and 19 Jul (90% egg hatch), and for the overwintering generation OBLR on 17 Aug (10% egg hatch), 30 Aug (50% egg hatch) and 10 Sep (90% egg hatch) as indicated in the table. Rubigan and Provado were applied separately to all treatments. Evaluations were made on 30 Jun, 12 Jul, 24 Jul and 2 Aug by randomly selecting 50 terminals per replicate (200 terminals per treatment), and examining them for leafroller damage and presence of live larvae. Mid-season fruit evaluations were made on 14 Aug by randomly picking 25 apples per replicate, or 100 apples per treatment, and evaluating the fruit for leafroller damage. Harvest fruit evaluations were made on 13 Sep by randomly picking 50 apples per replicate (200 apples per treatment), and evaluating the fruit for leafroller damage.
Efficacy of Insecticides Applied After Egg Hatch for Control of Japanese Beetle Larvae on a Golf Course Fairway in Richland County, Ohio, 1995
Authors: Power K. T. , Shetlar D. J. , Niemczyk H. D. , Belcher M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The study was located on a golf course fairway at Twin Lakes Golf in Mansfield, Ohio. Insecticides were applied 14 Aug to plots 10 X 10 ft (3.1 X 3.1 m) arranged in a RCB replicated 4 times. Granular materials were applied with a shaker jar. Liquid treatments were applied using a CO2 sprayer and Teejer™ XR8006VS nozzles at 25 psi (1.76 kg/cm2) pressure that delivered a volume of 1 gal/1000 ft2 (407 liter/ha). The area received approximately Vi ½ inch (13 mm) posttreatment irrigation with the golf course irrigation system after the sprays had dried on the grass blades. Environmental conditions at treatment date were as follows: Japanese beetles: first instar larvae present; Turf: mostly level, dry, 1 l¼ inch (3.2 cm) ht, 50% Kentucky bluegrass, 50% annual bluegrass, no thatch; Soil: moist, 72°F at 1 inch (2.5 cm) and 76°F at 3 inch (7.6 cm); Weather: sunny, 78°F, 0-5 mph (0-8 kph) wind. Efficacy data taken 26 Sep (43 DAT) were based on the number of live larvae in six samples 7X7 inch (17.8 X 17.8 cm) from each plot. Analysis of variance was done on the log (X+l) of plot totals and means separated by LSD test at P = 0.05.
European Chafer on Turf, Jackson Co., Mi, 1995
Authors: Smitley D. R. , Davis T. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
An area of non-irrigated rough at The Country Club of Jackson in Jackson County, MI was used for this test. Plots were 3 ft X 3 ft separated by a 2 ft wide buffer strip. All treatments were replicated 5 times. Treatments 1, 2, 3 and 19 were applied on 22 May. Treatments 1, 2 and 3 were immediately irrigated by hand with Vi ½ inch water. 0.8 inches of rain fell over the next 2 days. Treatments 4, 5, 6 and 21 were applied on 12 Jul under extremely warm and dry conditions. Treatments 4, 5 and 6 were irrigated by hand with Vi ½ inches of water immediately after application. All curative treatments were applied on 20 Aug between 10:00 and 3:00 in sunny, warm (85°F) and very dry conditions with slight 0-3 mph winds. Treatments 7, 8 and 9 were immediately irrigated by hand with V4 °inch water. No rainfall fell on the plots until 16 Sept. All applications were made with a hand-held CO2 R&D Sprayer with a single 8003 nozzle at 38 psi at a rate of 175 gal/A finished spray. The plots were evaluated on 30 Sep by digging a 2 ft2 area from the middle of each plot and counting the number of grubs.
Control of Japanese Beetle Larvae on Golf Course Fairway, WV, 1995
Authors: Weaver Joseph E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Treatments were applied 27 Jul to plots 8 X 8 ft arranged in a RCBD, replicated 4 times. Granular materials were applied with a shaker jar. Liquid treatments were applied in 1 liter of water per plot with a sprinkling can. The plot area was irrigated after the last treatment had been applied with about ¼inch water using the golf course system. Water pH to apply was 6.85; to irrigate, about 8.0. Environmental conditions at start (8:30 am) and finish (9:35 am) of treatment applications were, respectively: air temperature, 23° C and 31.5° C; RH, 84% and 60%; overcast (fog) and clear (calm); soil temperatures (surface) 26° C and 32° C, (1 inch) 25.5° C and 29.5° C; soil moist from regular irrigation; soil type, loam; soil particle analysis, 40.7% sand, 46.6% silt, 12.7% clay; organic matter, 11.7%, pH 5.35; CEC, 23.81 meg/100 g; 1/3 bar, 31.29%. Thatch thickness ranged from 0.24 to 0.38 inches for 28 samples over plot area. Grub population was 100% Japanese beetle (pre- and post-treatment); avg no. grubs at treatment was 34.5/ft2 (59.4% mid to late 1st instar, 40.6% early 2nd instar). Efficacy was evaluated at 53 DAT using a cup changer to extract 4 plugs near the center of each plot to a depth of 2-3 inches and counting live larvae in each sample. The no. larvae for the 4 plugs from each plot was averaged to produce a mean for each replicate for statistical analysis.
Early Season Control of Bluegrass Billbugs on a Kentucky Bluegrass Lawn in Saunders Co., Nebras-Ka, 1995
Authors: Weinhold A. P. , Baxendale F. P. , Heng-Moss T. M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides were evaluated for control of bluegrass billbug larvae on a Kentucky bluegrass lawn at the University of Nebraska Agricultural Research and Development Center near Mead, Nebraska. The turf (98% Kentucky bluegrass, 2% tall fescue) was maintained at a mowing height of 3 inches. Thatch accumulation (finger compressed) in the plot area was 0.75 to 1.0 inches. Field conditions at the study site were: soil type, silty clay loam; soil organic matter, 3-5%; soil pH, 6.7; water pH, 7.0. Environmental conditions at the time of application were as follows: soil moisture 17%; air temperature 67°F; soil temperature 63°F; relative humidity 48%; wind direction and velocity 107° at 7 mph. Plots were 6 X 6 ft and the experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Treatments were applied 25 May 1995. Granular insecticides were applied with a pre-calibrated 24H12 Gandy spreader. Liquid insecticides were applied using a CO2 sprayer with an LF-4 nozzle at 30 psi and delivering 2 gal finished spray/1000 ft2. Following applications, plots were irrigated with 0.5 inches of water. A total of 3.13 inches of rain fell during the post treatment period. Treatments were evaluated 48 DAT (13 Jul) by removing from each plot three, 8-inch diam turf-soil cores (1.05 ft2 total area) to a depth of 3 inches and counting the number of surviving billbug larvae and pupae. Approximately 25% of billbug oviposition had been completed at the time of application.
Japanese Beetle Adult Control on Rose Plants, Eaton Co., Mi, 1995
Authors: Smitley D. R. , Davis T. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Rose plants of several varieties were used for this test at a residence in Section 5, Benton Twp, Eaton County, MI. The plants were container–grown in 2 gal pots and were 2– ft tall. They were hand irrigated 3 times a week. The location where the plants were kept for the duration of the test is open, recieves full sun and is protected from the wind. Marathon applications were made on 17 May by spreading the material over the top of the pot. Plants were fertilized on 17 May, 5 Jul and 18 Jul. The test was conducted at a location that had a 3 year building Japanese beetle infestation. Liquid insecticides were applied with a hand-held CO2 R&D Sprayer with a single 8003 nozzle at 50 psi on 5 Jul and 18 Jul. All treatments were replicated 6 times and blocked by variety. These varieties were: Meidiland Rd Red (Replications 1 and 2), Rugosa Blanc de Coubert (White) (Replications 3 and 4) and Red Simplicity (Replications 5 and 6). Treatments were evaluated on 11, 18, 26 and 31 Jul by counting all Japanese beetle adults on the plants and by taking the average of two estimates of the percentage of damaged leaves on each plant.
Efficacy of Several Turf Insecticides Against Japanese Beetle Larvae, Home Lawn, 1995
Authors: Vittum P. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Six turf insecticides were tested for efficacy against Japanese beetle larvae on a home lawn in Waltham, Mass. There were no Japanese beetle eggs or larvae present at the time of application, apparently because of low soil moisture conditions. The lawn consisted of 30% perennial ryegrass, 30% annual bluegrass, 30% crabgrass and 10% dandelion and was mowed at ca. 1.5 inches. Treatment plots were 8 ft by 8 ft, replicated 5 times, arranged in a RCB. All applications were made between 11:00 AM and 12:30 PM on 1 Aug 95. Liquid formulations were applied by hand with a watering can, 3 liters per plot. Granular formulations were applied using glass jars with perforated lids. Conditions at the time of application were as follows: air temp. 85° F, sunny and moderately humid with light SW wind (5-10 mph); soil type, silty loam; soil pH 6.6; water pH, 8.2. All plots were hand watered with 0.1 inch immediately after application, and an additional 0.2 inch was applied through overhead irrigation within 2 hr after application. No measurable rain fell in the area for 2 wk after application. Product efficacy was evaluated on 17 Oct (77 DAT) by removing 5 cupcutter plugs (4.25 inch diam) from near the center of each plot, dislodging soil with a hand trowel, and counting all grubs to a depth of 3 inches.
Efficacy of Three Formulations of Rh-0345 against Japanese Beetle Larvae, Golf Course Rough, 1995
Authors: Vittum P. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Three formulations of RH0345 (2F, 2.5G, and 5G) were tested for efficacy against Japanese beetle larvae on a golf course fairway in Stockbridge, Mass. The fairway consisted of 40% perennial ryegrass, 30% Kentucky bluegrass, 25% annual bluegrass, and was mowed at ca. 2.0 inches. Pre-treatment samples revealed ca. 20 grubs/ft2, 20% eggs, 45% first instars, 35% second instars. Treatment plots were 8 ft by 8 ft, replicated 5 times, arranged in a RCB. All applications were made between 9:30 and 11:00 AM on 28 Aug 95. Liquid formulations were applied by hand with a watering can, 3 liters per plot. Granular formulations were applied using glass jars with perforated lids. Conditions at the time of application were as follows: air temp. 75° F, light scattered clouds, steady NE wind at 10 to 15 mph; soil type, silty loam; soil pH 6.6; water pH, 7.1; thatch 0.4 inch thick with moderate density. There had been 0.25 inch rain 24 hr before application, but that had been the first measurable rain in 8 wk, so there was considerable drought stress evident. All plots were hand watered with 0.1 inch water immediately after application. No measurable rain fell in the area for 2 wk after application. Product efficacy was evaluated on 5 Oct (38 DAT) by removing 5 cupcutter plugs (4.25 inch diam) from near the center of each plot, dislodging soil with a hand trowel, and counting all grubs to a depth of 3 inches.
Control of Fall Webworm With Larvin and Tempo, 1995
Authors: Swier Stanley R. , Rollins Alan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two treatments were applied 8 Sep with a hydraulic sprayer to FWW nests and surrounding foliage to the point of runoff. A replicate consisted of a tree with 3-4 nests. Treatments were replicated 3 times. Treatments were rated 2 DAT by counting the number of live larvae per tree. Moribund larvae were counted as dead. Conditions at the time of treatment were: air temperature, 56°F; wind, calm; sky, cloudy; post treatment precipitation, light showers. Both treatments provided excellent control. Despite cool temperatures check larvae were actively feeding. No phytotoxicity was observed.
Control Of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Using Imidacloprid in A 5% Ready-To-Use Trunk Treatment, 1995
Authors: Steward V. Bruce , Stewart Colin 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
An experiment was conducted at Longwood Gardens, located near Kennett Square, PA, to determine the effectiveness of trunk treatments of a 5% imidacloprid ready-to-use (RTU) product. All trees used for this study were moderately infested. On 27 May from 2-4 pm, the trunk of each tree below 4.5 St high was thoroughly treated using a backpack sprayer operating at 20 psi with a cone nozzle. Seven trees ranging in diameter at breast height (DBH) from 2-7 inches and 3 trees ranging in DBH from 21-25 inches were treated. Approximately 3.5 oz of material was applied to each 2-7 inch DBH tree and approximately 13 oz applied to trees with DBH &gt; 21 inches. Conditions during treatment were: clear skies, air temperature of 25’C; and 52% RH. Treatments were evaluated between 3-13 Nov by randomly sampling 10 branches from each tree. The first 50 adelgids on the new growth of each branch were examined microscopically and classified as dead or alive.
Honeylocust Spider Mite Control, Trial One, Ft. Collins, Co, 1995
Authors: Sclar D. Casey , Cranshaw Whitney S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Trials were conducted on thornless honey locust, approximately 20-ft in height, that had been transplanted along a roadway on the campus of Colorado State University during the previous year. Plots consisted of the terminals of individual branches, averaging about 2.5 ft in length. Plot design was a RCB with 5 replications. Dust treatments of deltamethrin were applied using a Chapin duster, 21 Aug. All other treatments were applied with a hand-operated pump mister on 23 Aug to near point of run-off. Evaluations were made 29 Aug and 12 Sep by counting the number of mites on 5 leaves randomly selected from each terminal.
Gypsy Moth: Aerial Applications Of Bacillus Thuringiensis Formulations For Control And Foliage Protection, 1995
Authors: Smitley D. R. , Davis T. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
15 to 80 acre parcels of forested area in Ottawa county were used for this test. All Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) treatment plots were ones that qualified for the Michigan Cooperative Gypsy Moth Suppression Program administered by the Michigan Department of Agriculture. These areas contained primarily poplar and oak. On 14, 21, and 28 Apr two 1/40 acre circles were sampled in each treatment block for all visible new egg masses. Each Bt treatment was replicated 4 times with each replicate being a separate wooded parcel. Four areas not slated for treatment near the treatment blocks were also sampled for egg masses for comparison. The treatments were applied on 30 May between 9 am and 1 pm. The wind was calm with gusts at about 3-9 mph. The humidity started out low, but gradually increased until it was approximately 50% by 1 pm. The treatments were applied by a Bell 47 helicopter using six 5000 Micronair nozzles. On 28 Jun twenty white oak, red oak, and poplar trees were sampled by a group of 4 people and evaluated for the percentage of defoliation. Each person in the sampling team rated 5 trees.
Apple, Pre-Harvest Control of White Apple Leafhopper, 1995
Authors: Johnson James W. , Wise John C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides were applied to mature trees in Fennville, MI (Black Block) at a rate of 100 gpa with an FMC CP 3000 airblast sprayer. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design of 27-tree plots, replicated 4 times. Applications of materials were made on 12 Sep (pre-harvest) as indicated in the table. Captan, Dithane, Nova, Funginex and Manzate were applied separately to all treatments. Leafhopper evaluations were made on 12 Sep (pre-count), 13 Sep, 14 Sep, 19 Sep and 27 Sep by running a vacuum suction sampler over limbs and foliage for one minute (all sides and center of the tree), in each of three trees (sub-samples from center of replicate plots), for all three replicates of each treatment. Samples were separated and held in nylon stockings, frozen and then WALH adults counted.
Insecticidal Trials Against Vanda Thrips on Orchids, Hawaii, 1994
Authors: Hata T. Y. , Hara A. H. , Hu B.K.S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides were evaluated for efficacy from 8 Dec through 15 Dec 94 at the University of Hawaii Waiakea Experiment Station in Hilo, Hawaii. Plants (approximately 6.5 ft in height) growing in basalt rock under 6 mil. clear FVG 3HLFI polyethylene film covering were used in this study. Experimental plots were arranged in a RCB with 3 blocks, 30 plants per block. A spreader-sticker (Ad-here, J. R. Simplot, Lanthrop, CA) was added to all treatments, including the control, at a rate of 5 ft. oz. per 100 gals. The control was sprayed with water. Insecticides were applied once at approximately 200 gpa using a backpack sprayer (Solo, Newport News, VA) equipped with an 8004 Teejet nozzle at 40 psi. Treatment efficacy was evaluated by randomly harvesting 30 blossoms from each block. Thrips were extracted from the blossoms with Berlese funnels heated with a 60 watt incandescent light bulb and collected in an 8:2:1:1 solution of ethanol, distilled H2O, acetic acid and glycerin. The number of nymphs and adults was pooled for analysis. Data were transformed to log10(x + 1) and analyzed by ANOVA.