bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteology of a perinatal aristonectine (Plesiosauria; Elasmosauridae)
Authors: O’Gorman José P. , Talevi Marianella , Fernández Marta S. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPerinatal specimens give valuable information about the first stages of vertebrate ontogeny. Here, the morphology and palaeohistology of an aristonectine perinatal specimen from Seymour Island (Isla Marambio), López de Bertodano Formation are analysed. The palaeohistological analysis shows incomplete endochondral ossification (retention of a calcified cartilaginous core in the medullary region), predominance of primary bone tissue without secondary remodelling, lack of primary or secondary osteons and of growth marks in the cortical bone, and open vascular spaces not surrounded by a thin coat of lamellar bone tissue. General lines of morphological changes were inferred from comparing the fossil with an adult aristonectine specimen indicating i) a tendency of relatively high and broad posterior cervicals to decrease during ontogeny, ii) a decrease of relative size of the dorsolateral process and an increase of the glenoid ramus and iii) the existence of two separate stages in propodial growth divided into an initial elongation followed by a distal expansion. The presence of a perinatal specimen in the James Ross Archipelago indicates that the region was used as a breeding area by the aristonectines during the last part of the Cretaceous.
Eliminating dependent pattern matching without K
Authors: COCKX JESPER , DEVRIESE DOMINIQUE , PIESSENS FRANK 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDependent pattern matching is an intuitive way to write programs and proofs in dependently typed languages. It is reminiscent of both pattern matching in functional languages and case analysis in on-paper mathematics. However, in general, it is incompatible with new type theories such as homotopy type theory (HoTT). As a consequence, proofs in such theories are typically harder to write and to understand. The source of this incompatibility is the reliance of dependent pattern matching on the so-called K axiom – also known as the uniqueness of identity proofs – which is inadmissible in HoTT. In this paper, we propose a new criterion for dependent pattern matching without K, and prove it correct by a translation to eliminators in the style of Goguenet al. (2006Algebra, Meaning, and Computation). Our criterion is both less restrictive than existing proposals, and solves a previously undetected problem in the old criterion offered by Agda. It has been implemented in Agda and is the first to be supported by a formal proof. Thus, it brings the benefits of dependent pattern matching to contexts where we cannot assume K, such as HoTT.
Pulmonary haemodynamics in Fontan physiology after lobectomy in a patient with a single ventricle associated with pulmonary sequestration
Authors: Mii Sayaka , Yasuda Kazushi , Murayama Hiroomi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA 2-year-old girl with a functionally univentricular heart associated with a pulmonary sequestration underwent right lower lobectomy after which increased lung volume with low mean pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance was documented. A cardiac catheterisation performed after a subsequent total cavopulmonary connection demonstrated favourable Fontan haemodynamics. Lobectomy may have induced compensatory lung growth, contributing to the maintenance of haemodynamics favourable for the long-term success of the Fontan procedure.
Profiles of Neuropsychological Functioning in Children and Adolescents with Spina Bifida: Associations with Biopsychosocial Predictors and Functional Outcomes
Authors: Wasserman Rachel M. , Holmbeck Grayson N. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectives: The current study examined neuropsychological performance among children with spina bifida (SB) to determine biological and functional correlates of distinct “profiles” of cognitive functioning. Methods: A total of 95 children with SB myelomeningocele (ages, 8–15 years) completed a neuropsychological assessment battery. Hierarchical and non-hierarchical cluster analyses were used to identify and confirm a cluster solution. Hypothesized predictors of cluster membership included lesion level, number of shunt surgeries, history of seizures, age, ethnicity, socio-economic status, and family stress. Outcomes included independence, academic success, expectations for the future, and quality of life. Results: Ward’s cluster method indicated a three-cluster solution, and was replicated with two other cluster analytic methods. The following labels were applied to the clusters: “average to low average” (n=39), “extremely low to borderline” (n=27), and “broadly average with verbal strength” (n=29). Socio-econimc status, lesion level, and seizure history significantly predicted group membership. Cluster membership significantly predicted independence, academic success, parent expectations for the future, and child reported physical quality of life. Conclusions: Findings from this study suggest qualitatively different cognitive profiles exist among children with SB, and the relevance of neuropsychological functioning for day-to-day adaptive functioning and quality of life. Clinical implications and future research are discussed. (JINS, 2016, 22, 804–815)
Soft drinks consumption and child behaviour problems: the role of food insecurity and sleep patterns
Authors: King Christian 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo examine whether the association between soft drinks consumption and child behaviour problems differs by food security status and sleep patterns in young children.DesignCross-sectional observational data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS), which collected information on food insecurity, soft drinks consumption, sleep patterns and child behaviour problems. Bivariate and multivariate ordinary least-squares regression analyses predicting child behaviour problems and accounting for socio-economic factors and household characteristics were performed.SettingTwenty urban cities in the USA with a population of 200 000 or more.SubjectsParental interviews of 2829 children who were about 5 years old.ResultsSoft drinks consumption was associated with aggressive behaviours, withdrawn and attention problems for children aged 5 years. However, the association differed by food security status. The association was mostly statistically insignificant among food-secure children after accounting for socio-economic and demographic characteristics. On the other hand, soft drinks consumption was associated with behaviour problems for food-insecure children even after accounting for these factors. However, after accounting for child sleep patterns, the association between soft drinks consumption and child behaviour problems became statistically insignificant for food-insecure children.ConclusionsThe negative association between soft drinks consumption and child behaviour problems could be explained by sleep problems for food-insecure children. Since about 21 % of households with children are food insecure, targeted efforts to reduce food insecurity would help improve dietary (reduce soft drinks consumption) and health behaviours (improve sleep) and reduce child behaviour problems.
Discretionary food and beverage consumption and its association with demographic characteristics, weight status, and fruit and vegetable intakes in Australian adults
Authors: Sui Zhixian , Wong Weng Kei , Louie Jimmy Chun Yu , Rangan Anna 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectiveExcessive consumption of discretionary foods/beverages in the Australian population has been identified, increasing the risk of obesity and chronic disease. The present study aimed to examine the associations between demographic, anthropometric and dietary factors and the consumption of discretionary foods, discretionary beverages and discretionary foods/beverages combined.DesignDiscretionary food/beverage consumption reported in two 24 h recalls was analysed, stratified by gender, age, socio-economic status, country of birth, BMI, waist circumference, and fruit and vegetable intakes.Setting2011–12 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey.SubjectsAustralian adults (n 7873) aged 19 years or above.ResultsMean discretionary food and beverage consumption was 631 g (28 % by weight from foods; 72 % from beverages), providing 2721 kJ of energy intake (72 % from foods; 28 % from beverages). Total discretionary food/beverage consumption was higher in younger age groups (P<0·001), those in lower socio-economic categories (P<0·001), those born in Australia (P<0·001), those with higher BMI (P<0·001) and those with lower fruit (P<0·001) or vegetable intake (P<0·001). Discretionary beverage consumption (β=6·6, P<0·001) was more strongly associated with BMI than discretionary food consumption (β=0·5, P=0·01).ConclusionsTotal discretionary food/beverage consumption as well as discretionary foods alone and discretionary beverages alone were associated with BMI in Australian adults. In addition, high intakes were associated with younger age, lower socio-economic status, and lower consumption of fruit and vegetables.
The longevity of habitable planets and the development of intelligent life
Authors: Simpson Fergus 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWhy did the emergence of our species require a timescale similar to the entire habitable period of our planet? Our late appearance has previously been interpreted by Carter (2008) as evidence that observers typically require a very long development time, implying that intelligent life is a rare occurrence. Here we present an alternative explanation, which simply asserts that many planets possess brief periods of habitability. We also propose that the rate-limiting step for the formation of observers is the enlargement of species from an initially microbial state. In this scenario, the development of intelligent life is a slow but almost inevitable process, greatly enhancing the prospects of future search for extra-terrestrial intelligence (SETI) experiments such as the Breakthrough Listen project.
Response inhibition deficits: Reliability of alcohol-related assessment tasks
Authors: Czapla Marta , Vollstädt-Klein Sabine , Fauth-Bühler Mira , Best Eva , Fix Maria , Mann Karl , Herpertz Sabine C. , Loeber Sabine 
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Background: While models of addictive behaviour stress the role of an impairment of response inhibition when drug-dependent individuals are confronted with drug-associated stimuli, results from different studies are conflicting. However, there is a considerable lack of studies that assess the reliability of tasks to assess deficits of response inhibition when drug-associated stimuli are presented. Methods: In the present paper we present results from four different studies in which either a stop-signal task (study 1), a go/no-go task (study 2/3) or a go/no-go shifting task (study 4) with alcohol-related stimuli was administered to alcohol-dependent patients or control participants and split-half and/or test-retest reliability of the different outcome measures calculated. Results: Our results suggest that the go/no-go task and the go/no-go shifting task are more reliable tasks to assess impairment of inhibition in response to alcohol-associated stimuli than to the stop-signal task. Especially the go/no-go shifting task achieves at least acceptable split-half as well as test-retest reliability indices for outcome measure related to the presentation of alcohol-associated stimuli. Nevertheless, for alcohol-dependent patients reliability indices are generally considerably lower than for control participants and thus care should be taken when these tasks are administered to alcohol-dependent patients. Conclusion: Future studies are warranted to enhance our understanding of true effects and random error
Patienten- und Therapeutensicht auf Abbruchgründe bei Therapien nach § 64 StGB
Authors: Querengässer Jan , Bulla Jan , Mielke Reinhard , Hoffmann Klaus , Ross Thomas 
Published: August 2016

Zusammenfassung. Einleitung: Hohe Erledigungsquoten wegen Aussichtslosigkeit einer Weiterbehandlung beschäftigen den Maßregelvollzug nach § 64 StGB seit Jahren. Einige behandlungsprognostisch relevante Patienteneigenschaften sind bekannt, für den Einzelfall sind sie aber schwierig zu bewerten. Die konkreten Gründe für die vorzeitige Beendigung einer Therapie wurden kaum untersucht. Dasselbe gilt für die subjektive Einschätzung eines Therapieabbruchs von Patienten- und Therapeutenseite. Zielsetzung: Ein Perspektivenvergleich von Patienten und Therapeuten in Bezug auf Erledigungsgründe einer Unterbringung nach § 64 StGB. Methodik: 37 Patienten, bei denen ein Therapieabbruch angeregt wurde, bewerteten potentielle Abbruchgründe. Bei 29 Patienten erfolgte dies auch durch die fallführenden Therapeuten. Ergebnisse: Die Patienten gaben mehr Abbruchgründe an als die Therapeuten. Aus Patientensicht dominierten die Wahrnehmung eigener Anspannung und Aggressivität, Auseinandersetzungen mit Mitpatienten sowie andere negative Einflüsse in einem schlechten Stationsklima. Die Therapeuten hoben vor allem die mangelnde Änderungsbereitschaft der Patienten hervor. Deutlich übereinstimmende Angaben zwischen Patienten und Therapeuten waren selten. Schlussfolgerung: Mit therapeutischen Inhalten in Beziehung stehende Denk- und Erlebensmuster von Patienten sollten regelmäßig erfasst, evaluiert und mit der Therapeutenperspektive abgeglichen werden. Zeigen sich deutliche Differenzen, so deutet dies auf Probleme in der Therapiebeziehung hin, die frühzeitig bearbeitet werden könnten.
Integrative analysis of mutational and transcriptional profiles reveals driver mutations of metastatic breast cancers
Authors: Lee Ji-Hyun , Zhao Xing-Ming , Yoon Ina , Lee Jin Young , Kwon Nam Hoon , Wang Yin-Ying , Lee Kyung-Min , Lee Min-Joo , Kim Jisun , Moon Hyeong-Gon , In Yongho , Hao Jin-Kao , Park Kyung-Mii , Noh Dong-Young , Han Wonshik , Kim Sunghoon 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDespite the explosion in the numbers of cancer genomic studies, metastasis is still the major cause of cancer mortality. In breast cancer, approximately one-fifth of metastatic patients survive 5 years. Therefore, detecting the patients at a high risk of developing distant metastasis at first diagnosis is critical for effective treatment strategy. We hereby present a novel systems biology approach to identify driver mutations escalating the risk of metastasis based on both exome and RNA sequencing of our collected 78 normal-paired breast cancers. Unlike driver mutations occurring commonly in cancers as reported in the literature, the mutations detected here are relatively rare mutations occurring in less than half metastatic samples. By supposing that the driver mutations should affect the metastasis gene signatures, we develop a novel computational pipeline to identify the driver mutations that affect transcription factors regulating metastasis gene signatures. We identify driver mutations in ADPGK, NUP93, PCGF6, PKP2 and SLC22A5, which are verified to enhance cancer cell migration and prompt metastasis with in vitro experiments. The discovered somatic mutations may be helpful for identifying patients who are likely to develop distant metastasis.
Intertidal resource use over millennia enhances forest productivity
Authors: Trant Andrew J. , Nijland Wiebe , Hoffman Kira M. , Mathews Darcy L. , McLaren Duncan , Nelson Trisalyn A. , Starzomski Brian M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHuman occupation is usually associated with degraded landscapes but 13,000 years of repeated occupation by British Columbia’s coastal First Nations has had the opposite effect, enhancing temperate rainforest productivity. This is particularly the case over the last 6,000 years when intensified intertidal shellfish usage resulted in the accumulation of substantial shell middens. We show that soils at habitation sites are higher in calcium and phosphorous. Both of these are limiting factors in coastal temperate rainforests. Western redcedar (Thuja plicata) trees growing on the middens were found to be taller, have higher wood calcium, greater radial growth and exhibit less top die-back. Coastal British Columbia is the first known example of long-term intertidal resource use enhancing forest productivity and we expect this pattern to occur at archaeological sites along coastlines globally.
Rewiring of jasmonate and phytochrome B signalling uncouples plant growth-defense tradeoffs
Authors: Campos Marcelo L. , Yoshida Yuki , Major Ian T. , de Oliveira Ferreira Dalton , Weraduwage Sarathi M. , Froehlich John E. , Johnson Brendan F. , Kramer David M. , Jander Georg , Sharkey Thomas D. , Howe Gregg A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPlants resist infection and herbivory with innate immune responses that are often associated with reduced growth. Despite the importance of growth-defense tradeoffs in shaping plant productivity in natural and agricultural ecosystems, the molecular mechanisms that link growth and immunity are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that growth-defense tradeoffs mediated by the hormone jasmonate are uncoupled in an Arabidopsis mutant (jazQ phyB) lacking a quintet of Jasmonate ZIM-domain transcriptional repressors and the photoreceptor phyB. Analysis of epistatic interactions between jazQ and phyB reveal that growth inhibition associated with enhanced anti-insect resistance is likely not caused by diversion of photoassimilates from growth to defense but rather by a conserved transcriptional network that is hardwired to attenuate growth upon activation of jasmonate signalling. The ability to unlock growth-defense tradeoffs through relief of transcription repression provides an approach to assemble functional plant traits in new and potentially useful ways.
Synthesis and characterization of attosecond light vortices in the extreme ultraviolet
Authors: Géneaux R. , Camper A. , Auguste T. , Gobert O. , Caillat J. , Taïeb R. , Ruchon T. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractInfrared and visible light beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) are currently thoroughly studied for their extremely broad applicative prospects, among which are quantum information, micromachining and diagnostic tools. Here we extend these prospects, presenting a comprehensive study for the synthesis and full characterization of optical vortices carrying OAM in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) domain. We confirm the upconversion rules of a femtosecond infrared helically phased beam into its high-order harmonics, showing that each harmonic order carries the total number of OAM units absorbed in the process up to very high orders (57). This allows us to synthesize and characterize helically shaped XUV trains of attosecond pulses. To demonstrate a typical use of these new XUV light beams, we show our ability to generate and control, through photoionization, attosecond electron beams carrying OAM. These breakthroughs pave the route for the study of a series of fundamental phenomena and the development of new ultrafast diagnosis tools using either photonic or electronic vortices.
A stochastic model of randomly accelerated walkers for human mobility
Authors: Gallotti Riccardo , Bazzani Armando , Rambaldi Sandro , Barthelemy Marc 
Published: August 2016

AbstractRecent studies of human mobility largely focus on displacements patterns and power law fits of empirical long-tailed distributions of distances are usually associated to scale-free superdiffusive random walks called Lévy flights. However, drawing conclusions about a complex system from a fit, without any further knowledge of the underlying dynamics, might lead to erroneous interpretations. Here we show, on the basis of a data set describing the trajectories of 780,000 private vehicles in Italy, that the Lévy flight model cannot explain the behaviour of travel times and speeds. We therefore introduce a class of accelerated random walks, validated by empirical observations, where the velocity changes due to acceleration kicks at random times. Combining this mechanism with an exponentially decaying distribution of travel times leads to a short-tailed distribution of distances which could indeed be mistaken with a truncated power law. These results illustrate the limits of purely descriptive models and provide a mechanistic view of mobility.
Cross-species identification of genomic drivers of squamous cell carcinoma development across preneoplastic intermediates
Authors: Chitsazzadeh Vida , Coarfa Cristian , Drummond Jennifer A. , Nguyen Tri , Joseph Aaron , Chilukuri Suneel , Charpiot Elizabeth , Adelmann Charles H. , Ching Grace , Nguyen Tran N. , Nicholas Courtney , Thomas Valencia D. , Migden Michael , MacFarlane Deborah , Thompson Erika , Shen Jianjun , Takata Yoko , McNiece Kayla , Polansky Maxim A. , Abbas Hussein A. , Rajapakshe Kimal , Gower Adam , Spira Avrum , Covington Kyle R. , Xiao Weimin , Gunaratne Preethi , Pickering Curtis , Frederick Mitchell , Myers Jeffrey N. , Shen Li , Yao Hui , Su Xiaoping , Rapini Ronald P. , Wheeler David A. , Hawk Ernest T. , Flores Elsa R. , Tsai Kenneth Y. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cuSCC) comprises 15–20% of all skin cancers, accounting for over 700,000 cases in USA annually. Most cuSCC arise in association with a distinct precancerous lesion, the actinic keratosis (AK). To identify potential targets for molecularly targeted chemoprevention, here we perform integrated cross-species genomic analysis of cuSCC development through the preneoplastic AK stage using matched human samples and a solar ultraviolet radiation-driven Hairless mouse model. We identify the major transcriptional drivers of this progression sequence, showing that the key genomic changes in cuSCC development occur in the normal skin to AK transition. Our data validate the use of this ultraviolet radiation-driven mouse cuSCC model for cross-species analysis and demonstrate that cuSCC bears deep molecular similarities to multiple carcinogen-driven SCCs from diverse sites, suggesting that cuSCC may serve as an effective, accessible model for multiple SCC types and that common treatment and prevention strategies may be feasible.
Glycosylation and stabilization of programmed death ligand-1 suppresses T-cell activity
Authors: Li Chia-Wei , Lim Seung-Oe , Xia Weiya , Lee Heng-Huan , Chan Li-Chuan , Kuo Chu-Wei , Khoo Kay-Hooi , Chang Shih-Shin , Cha Jong-Ho , Kim Taewan , Hsu Jennifer L. , Wu Yun , Hsu Jung-Mao , Yamaguchi Hirohito , Ding Qingqing , Wang Yan , Yao Jun , Lee Cheng-Chung , Wu Hsing-Ju , Sahin Aysegul A. , Allison James P. , Yu Dihua , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. , Hung Mien-Chie 
Published: August 2016

AbstractExtracellular interaction between programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) leads to tumour-associated immune escape. Here we show that the immunosuppression activity of PD-L1 is stringently modulated by ubiquitination and N-glycosylation. We show that glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) interacts with PD-L1 and induces phosphorylation-dependent proteasome degradation of PD-L1 by β-TrCP. In-depth analysis of PD-L1 N192, N200 and N219 glycosylation suggests that glycosylation antagonizes GSK3β binding. In this regard, only non-glycosylated PD-L1 forms a complex with GSK3β and β-TrCP. We also demonstrate that epidermal growth factor (EGF) stabilizes PD-L1 via GSK3β inactivation in basal-like breast cancer. Inhibition of EGF signalling by gefitinib destabilizes PD-L1, enhances antitumour T-cell immunity and therapeutic efficacy of PD-1 blockade in syngeneic mouse models. Together, our results link ubiquitination and glycosylation pathways to the stringent regulation of PD-L1, which could lead to potential therapeutic strategies to enhance cancer immune therapy efficacy.