bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When probabilistic seismic hazard climbs volcanoes: the Mt. Etna case, Italy – Part 1: Model components for sources parameterization
Authors: Azzaro Raffaele , Barberi Graziella , D'Amico Salvatore , Pace Bruno , Peruzza Laura , Tuvè Tiziana 
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The volcanic region of Mt. Etna (Sicily, Italy) represents a perfect lab for testing innovative approaches to seismic hazard assessment. This is largely due to the long record of historical and recent observations of seismic and tectonic phenomena, the high quality of various geophysical monitoring and particularly the rapid geodynamics clearly demonstrate some seismotectonic processes. We present here the model components and the procedures adopted for defining seismic sources to be used in a new generation of probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA), the first results and maps of which are presented in a companion paper, Peruzza et al. (2017). The sources include, with increasing complexity, seismic zones, individual faults and gridded point sources that are obtained by integrating geological field data with long and short earthquake datasets (the historical macroseismic catalogue, which covers about 3 centuries, and a high-quality instrumental location database for the last decades). The analysis of the frequency–magnitude distribution identifies two main fault systems within the volcanic complex featuring different seismic rates that are controlled essentially by volcano-tectonic processes. We discuss the variability of the mean occurrence times of major earthquakes along the main Etnean faults by using an historical approach and a purely geologic method. We derive a magnitude–size scaling relationship specifically for this volcanic area, which has been implemented into a recently developed software tool – FiSH (Pace et al., 2016) – that we use to calculate the characteristic magnitudes and the related mean recurrence times expected for each fault. Results suggest that for the Mt. Etna area, the traditional assumptions of uniform and Poissonian seismicity can be relaxed; a time-dependent fault-based modeling, joined with a 3-D imaging of volcano-tectonic sources depicted by the recent instrumental seismicity, can therefore be implemented in PSHA maps. They can be relevant for the retrofitting of the existing building stock and for driving risk reduction interventions. These analyses do not account for regional M  >  6 seismogenic sources which dominate the hazard over long return times (≥ 500 years).
A Green New Deal for Appalachia: Economic Transition, Coal Reclamation Costs, Bottom-Up Policymaking (Part 2)
Authors: Tarus Lyndsay , Hufford Mary , Taylor Betsy 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This is the second installment of the two-part article series delving into the challenges of a post-coal, post-carbon economic transition. Part 1 analyzed participatory action research on regional economic transition; here, in Part 2, we share perspectives from within the region on the root causes of maldevelopment, including how citizens describe root causes, and how those root causes hinder our progress toward a truly just transition. We specifically outline three major causes of injustice and disempowerment: historical patterns of corporate greed disrupt democratic power structures; the shrinking of democratic public space leaves less room for citizen engagement in areas that suffer steep inequality; and cultural disempowerment creates false dualisms and narrowing points of view. Both installments are, in large part, written through the lens of the work of the Alliance for Appalachia, a regional coalition of grassroots, non-profit organizations working to end mountaintop removal coal mining while supporting a just transition toward a brighter future.
El patrimonio fenicio-púnico. Claves para su socialización, puesta en valor y uso didáctico.
Authors: Jiménez Vialás Helena 
Published: November 2017

Este trabajo reivindica el patrimonio fenicio-púnico como una parte esencial del legado cultural europeo, subrayando el vínculo indisoluble del sur de Europa con el resto de países de la cuenca mediterránea. Mediante la caracterización de los rasgos históricos de este pueblo y el análisis de una serie de ejemplos relacionados con la educación, el medioambiente y el turismo, se pretende ilustrar sobre el potencial del patrimonio fenicio-púnico para la promoción, tanto en el ámbito de la educación formal como no formal, de valores cívicos y ambientales.
This paper vindicates the role of Phoenician-Punic heritage as an important part of the European cultural legacy, since it embodies the link between our continent and the rest of Mediterranean countries. By means of historical analyses and practical examples related to teaching, environment and tourism, I intend to show its potential in the transmission of different experiences and democratic values such as diversity, innovation and environmental adaptation.
Approaches to Female Congenital Genital Tract Anomalies and Complications
Authors: Ince Emine , Oğuzkurt Pelin , Ezer Semire Serin , Temiz Abdülkerim , Gezer Hasan Özkan , Demir Şenay , Hiçsönmez Akgün 
Published: November 2017

Objective:
Female congenital genital tract anomalies may appear with quite confusing and deceptive complications. This study aims to evaluate the difficulties in diagnosis and treatment of female congenital genital tract anomalies that frequently present with complications.

Summary:
During a 10-year period, we evaluated 20 female patients with congenital genital tract anomalies aged between 3 days and 16 years. All patients were retrospectively analyzed in terms of the results of diagnostic studies, surgical intervention, and treatment.

Methods:
Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed hydromucocolpos or hematocolpometra, imperforate hymen, distal vaginal atresia, didelphys uterus, an obstructed right hemivagina, uterovaginal atresia, a unicornuate uterus with a noncommunicating rudimentary horn, a vesicovaginal fistula, a utero-rectal fistula, intraabdominal collection, and a vaginal calculus.

Results:
Two patients had Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome and 6 patients had obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal anomaly syndrome. Definitive surgical interventions were hymenotomy, vaginal pull-through, vaginovaginostomy, and vesicovaginal fistula repair using a transvesical approach. In conclusion, female congenital genital tract anomalies may appear with a wide range of complications.

Conclusions:
There is a potential to do significant harm, if the patient's anatomic problems are not understood using detailed imaging. Revealing the anatomy completely and defining the complications that have already developed are critical to tailor the optimal treatment strategies and surgical approaches.
Biphase Cobalt–Manganese Oxide with High Capacity and Rate Performance for Aqueous Sodium‐Ion Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Shan Xiaoqiang , Charles Daniel S. , Xu Wenqian , Feygenson Mikhail , Su Dong , Teng Xiaowei 
Published: November 2017

AbstractManganese‐based metal oxide electrode materials are of great importance in electrochemical energy storage for their favorable redox behavior, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, their storage capacity and cycle life in aqueous Na‐ion electrolytes is not satisfactory. Herein, the development of a biphase cobalt–manganese oxide (CoMnO) nanostructured electrode material is reported, comprised of a layered MnO2⋅H2O birnessite phase and a (Co0.83Mn0.13Va0.04)tetra(Co0.38Mn1.62)octaO3.72 (Va: vacancy; tetra: tetrahedral sites; octa: octahedral sites) spinel phase, verified by neutron total scattering and pair distribution function analyses. The biphase CoMnO material demonstrates an excellent storage capacity toward Na‐ions in an aqueous electrolyte (121 mA h g−1 at a scan rate of 1 mV s−1 in the half‐cell and 81 mA h g−1 at a current density of 2 A g−1 after 5000 cycles in full‐cells), as well as high rate performance (57 mA h g−1 a rate of 360 C). Electrokinetic analysis and in situ X‐ray diffraction measurements further confirm that the synergistic interaction between the spinel and layered phases, as well as the vacancy of the tetrahedral sites of spinel phase, contribute to the improved capacity and rate performance of the CoMnO material by facilitating both diffusion‐limited redox and capacitive charge storage processes.
High‐Performance Ultrathin Flexible Solid‐State Supercapacitors Based on Solution Processable Mo1.33C MXene and PEDOT:PSS
Authors: Qin Leiqiang , Tao Quanzheng , El Ghazaly Ahmed , Fernandez‐Rodriguez Julia , Persson Per O. Å. , Rosen Johanna , Zhang Fengling 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMXenes, a young family of 2D transition metal carbides/nitrides, show great potential in electrochemical energy storage applications. Herein, a high performance ultrathin flexible solid‐state supercapacitor is demonstrated based on a Mo1.33C MXene with vacancy ordering in an aligned layer structure MXene/poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS) composite film posttreated with concentrated H2SO4. The flexible solid‐state supercapacitor delivers a maximum capacitance of 568 F cm−3, an ultrahigh energy density of 33.2 mWh cm−3 and a power density of 19 470 mW cm−3. The Mo1.33C MXene/PEDOT:PSS composite film shows a reduction in resistance upon H2SO4 treatment, a higher capacitance (1310 F cm−3) and improved rate capabilities than both pristine Mo1.33C MXene and the nontreated Mo1.33C/PEDOT:PSS composite films. The enhanced capacitance and stability are attributed to the synergistic effect of increased interlayer spacing between Mo1.33C MXene layers due to insertion of conductive PEDOT, and surface redox processes of the PEDOT and the MXene.
Pristine Metal–Organic Frameworks and their Composites for Energy Storage and Conversion
Authors: Liang Zibin , Qu Chong , Guo Wenhan , Zou Ruqiang , Xu Qiang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs), a new class of crystalline porous organic–inorganic hybrid materials, have recently attracted increasing interest in the field of energy storage and conversion. Herein, recent progress of MOFs and MOF composites for energy storage and conversion applications, including photochemical and electrochemical fuel production (hydrogen production and CO2 reduction), water oxidation, supercapacitors, and Li‐based batteries (Li‐ion, Li–S, and Li–O2 batteries), is summarized. Typical development strategies (e.g., incorporation of active components, design of smart morphologies, and judicious selection of organic linkers and metal nodes) of MOFs and MOF composites for particular energy storage and conversion applications are highlighted. A broad overview of recent progress is provided, which will hopefully promote the future development of MOFs and MOF composites for advanced energy storage and conversion applications.
Alkene 1,2‐Difunctionalization by Radical Alkenyl Migration
Authors: Tang Xinjun , Studer Armido 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTransition‐metal‐free radical α‐perfluoroalkylation with the accompanying vicinal β‐alkenylation of unactivated alkenes is presented. These radical cascades proceed by means of 1,4‐ or 1,5‐alkenyl migration by electron catalysis on readily accessed allylic alcohols. The reactions comprise a regioselective perfluoroalkyl radical addition with subsequent alkenyl migration and concomitant deprotonation to generate a ketyl radical anion that sustains the chain as a single‐electron‐transfer reducing reagent.
Epoxy composite foams with excellent electromagnetic interference shielding and heat‐resistance performance
Authors: Pan Jingkai , Xu Yu , Bao Jianjun 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTEpoxy composite foams with improved heat‐resistant property and efficient electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) were fabricated through a two‐step foaming technique. A sort of novel and untraditional expandable microspheres was adopted to reduce the density of prepared materials. A multiscale conductive network system composed of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and nickel‐plated carbon fibers (NiCFs) was introduced in these foams. Benefitting from the synergistic effect between NiCFs and MWCNTs, the multiscale epoxy foam with best comprehensive performance achieved a greatly enhanced Tg at 178.3 °C and an exceptional specific EMI SE ranging from 52.8 to 72.6 dB cm3 g−1 in X band (8.2–12.4 GHz) at low filler loading. These properties are greatly better than original epoxy foam with a Tg of 157.8 °C and specific EMI SE of 1.0–6.4 dB cm3 g−1. Their shielding mechanisms were discussed and the results showed that reflection is dominating. The effects of microspheres content, foaming temperature, NiCFs content, and length were investigated. In general, we provided a feasible, convenient and cost‐effective method to fabricate light‐weight, heat‐resistant thermosetting epoxy foams with sufficient EMI shielding performance which has a potential to be applied in aerospace or electronic devices. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46013.
Simultaneous determination and method validation of clethodim and its metabolites clethodim sulfoxide and clethodim sulfone in tobacco by LC‐MS/MS
Authors: Wang Fei , Yang Guoqiang , Xu Jin , Yu Weiwei , Shi Lihong , Zeng Song , Chen Lingzhu , Hu Deyu , Zhang Kankan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA simple method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of clethodim, clethodim sulfoxide, and clethodim sulfone in soil and tobacco by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The three target compounds were extracted from tobacco and soil with acetonitrile, and the extracts were purified using octadecyl silane. The proposed method showed satisfactory linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9973) for the target compounds. The limits of detection and quantitation of the three analytes in all matrices were 0.024−0.06 and 0.08−0.2 mg/kg, respectively. The recovery was tested in blank soil and tobacco leaf samples and calculated to be 74.8–104.4% with relative standard deviations of 1.9–12.1%. The developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of residues of clethodim, clethodim sulfoxide and clethodim sulfone in real soil and tobacco samples. The results indicated that the developed method can meet the requirements for the analysis of trace amounts of all three analytes in soil and tobacco.
Statistical optimization of an RP‐HPLC method for the determination of selected flavonoids in berry juices and evaluation of their antioxidant activities
Authors: Ciric Andrija , Jelikic‐Stankov Milena , Cvijovic Milica , Djurdjevic Predrag 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAn isocratic RP‐HPLC method for the separation and identification of selected flavonoids (quercetin, rutin, luteolin‐7‐O‐glucoside, kaempferol and kaempferol‐3‐O‐glucoside) in commercial berry juices (blackcurrant, blueberry, red raspberry and cherry) was developed with the aid of central composite design and response surface methodology. The optimal separation conditions were a mobile phase of 85:15 (% v/v) water–acetonitrile, pH 2.8 (adjusted with formic acid), flow rate 0.5 mL min−1 and column temperature 35°C. The obtained levels of bioflavonoids (mg per 100 mL of juice) were as follows: for quercetin, ca. 0.21–5.12; for kaempferol, ca. 0.05–1.2; for rutin, ca. 0.4–6.5; for luteolin‐7‐O‐glucoside, ca. 5.6–10.2; and for kaempferol‐3‐O‐glucoside, ca. 0.02–0.12. These are considerably lower than the values in fresh fruits. Total phenolic, flavonoid and anthocyanin contents were determined spectrophotometrically. Total flavonoid content varied as follows: blackcurrant > blueberry > red raspberry > cherry. The antioxidant activity of juice extracts (DPPH and ABTS methods) expressed as IC50 values varied from 8.56 to 14.05 mg L−1. These values are ~2.5–3 times lower than quercetin, ascorbic acid and Trolox®, but compared with rutin and butylhydroxytoluene, berries show similar or better antioxidant activity by both the DPPH and ABTS methods.
Nitrogen Reduction to Ammonia on a Biomimetic Mononuclear Iron Centre: Insights into the Nitrogenase Enzyme
Authors: Kaczmarek Monika A. , Malhotra Abheek , Balan G. Alex , Timmins Amy , de Visser Sam P. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractNitrogenases catalyse nitrogen fixation to ammonia on a multinuclear Fe‐Mo centre, but their mechanism and particularly the order of proton and electron transfer processes that happen during the catalytic cycle is still unresolved. Recently, a unique biomimetic mononuclear iron model was developed using tris(phosphine)borate (TPB) ligands that was shown to convert N2 into NH3. Herein, we present a computational study on the [(TPB)FeN2]− complex and describe its conversion into ammonia through the addition of electrons and protons. In particular, we tested the consecutive proton transfer on only the distal nitrogen atom or alternated protonation of the distal/proximal nitrogen. It is found that the lowest energy pathway is consecutive addition of three protons to the same site, which forms ammonia and an iron‐nitrido complex. In addition, the proton transfer step of complexes with the metal in various oxidation and spin states were tested and show that the pKa values of biomimetic mononuclear nitrogenase intermediates vary little with iron oxidation states. As such, the model gives several possible NH3 formation pathways depending on the order of electron/proton transfer, and all should be physically accessible in the natural system. These results may have implications for enzymatic nitrogenases and give insight into the catalytic properties of mononuclear iron centres.
Isolation of Cp*CoIII–Alkenyl Intermediate in Efficient Cobalt‐Catalyzed C−H Alkenylation with Alkynes
Authors: Sen Malay , Rajesh Nimmakuri , Emayavaramban Balakumar , Premkumar J. Richard , Sundararaju Basker 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA general and efficient procedure for C−H alkenylation of arenes with a broad substrate scope catalyzed by Cp*CoIII was demonstrated with alkynes. A highly selective mono‐alkenylation and sequential bis‐C−H bond functionalization was displayed to exemplify the versatility of the cobalt catalyst. Isolation of cationic Cp*CoIII–alkenyl intermediate was achieved under identical catalytic conditions to further establish the proposed pathway.
The function of contactin‐2/TAG‐1 in oligodendrocytes in health and demyelinating pathology
Authors: Zoupi Lida , Savvaki Maria , Kalemaki Katerina , Kalafatakis Ilias , Sidiropoulou Kyriaki , Karagogeos Domna 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe oligodendrocyte maturation process and the transition from the pre‐myelinating to the myelinating state are extremely important during development and in pathology. In the present study, we have investigated the role of the cell adhesion molecule CNTN2/TAG‐1 on oligodendrocyte proliferation, differentiation, myelination, and function during development and under pathological conditions. With the combination of in vivo, in vitro, ultrastructural, and electrophysiological methods, we have mapped the expression of CNTN2 protein in the oligodendrocyte lineage during the different stages of myelination and its involvement on oligodendrocyte maturation, branching, myelin‐gene expression, myelination, and axonal function. The cuprizone model of central nervous system demyelination was further used to assess CNTN2 in pathology. During development, CNTN2 can transiently affect the expression levels of myelin and myelin‐regulating genes, while its absence results in reduced oligodendrocyte branching, hypomyelination of fiber tracts and impaired axonal conduction. In pathology, CNTN2 absence does not affect the extent of de‐ and remyelination. However during remyelination, a novel, CNTN2‐independent mechanism is revealed that is able to recluster voltage gated potassium channels (VGKCs) resulting in the improvement of fiber conduction.
Functional connectivity changes following interpersonal reactivity
Authors: Krause A. L. , Colic L. , Borchardt V. , Li M. , Strauss B. , Buchheim A. , Wildgruber D. , Fonagy P. , Nolte T. , Walter M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAttachment experiences substantially influence emotional and cognitive development. Narratives comprising attachment‐dependent content were proposed to modulate activation of cognitive‐emotional schemata in listeners. We studied the effects after listening to prototypical attachment narratives on wellbeing and countertransference‐reactions in 149 healthy participants. Neural correlates of these cognitive‐emotional schema activations were investigated in a 7 Tesla rest‐task‐rest fMRI‐study (23 healthy males) using functional connectivity (FC) analysis of the social approach network (seed regions: left and right Caudate Nucleus, CN). Reduced FC between left CN and bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) represented a general effect of prior auditory stimulation. After presentation of the insecure‐dismissing narrative, FC between left CN and bilateral temporo‐parietal junction, and right dorsal posterior Cingulum was reduced, compared to baseline. Post‐narrative FC‐patterns of insecure‐dismissing and insecure‐preoccupied narratives differed in strength between left CN and right DLPFC. Neural correlates of the moderating effect of individual attachment anxiety were represented in a reduced CN‐DLPFC FC as a function of individual neediness‐levels. These findings suggest specific neural processing of prolonged mood‐changes and schema activation induced by attachment‐specific speech patterns. Individual desire for interpersonal proximity was predicted by attachment anxiety and furthermore modulated FC of the social approach network in those exposed to such narratives.
Influence of ventral tegmental area input on cortico‐subcortical networks underlying action control and decision making
Authors: Richter Anja , Gruber Oliver 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIt is argued that the mesolimbic system has a more general function in processing all salient events, including and extending beyond rewards. Saliency was defined as an event that is unexpected due to its frequency of occurrence and elicits an attentional‐behavioral switch. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), signals were measured in response to the modulation of salience of rewarding and nonrewarding events during a reward‐based decision making task, the so called desire‐reason dilemma paradigm (DRD). Replicating previous findings, both frequent and infrequent, and therefore salient, reward stimuli elicited reliable activation of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and ventral striatum (vStr). When immediate reward desiring contradicted the superordinate task‐goal, we found an increased activation of the VTA and vStr when the salient reward stimuli were presented compared to the nonsalient reward stimuli, indicating a boosting of activation in these brain regions. Furthermore, we found a significantly increased functional connectivity between the VTA and vStr, confirming the boosting of vStr activation via VTA input. Moreover, saliency per se without a reward association led to an increased activation of brain regions in the mesolimbic reward system as well as the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Finally, findings uncovered multiple increased functional interactions between cortical saliency‐processing brain areas and the VTA and vStr underlying detection and processing of salient events and adaptive decision making.