bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Rate Adaptation at Daily Timescales Make Sense?
Authors: Jacob Romain , Lim Jackie , Vanbever Laurent 
Published: September 2024

Today, networking hardware is not fast enough to save energy with rate adaptation. Or is it? While we are not (yet) able to turn on and off line cards in milliseconds, we can do so a couple of times per day. The question is, does it make sense to save energy?
It may: We estimate we could potentially save in the order of MWh per year with link sleeping and down-rating in a cloud provider network. Importantly, these are "easy" gains: They would come without modifying the routing state nor impacting the quality of service of the traffic; it only leverages the typically low utilization of the links. This study provides only a rough approximation of the potential savings of rate adaptation and leaves several practical questions open. More than anything else, it motivates further investigation of the approach.
Defining Splicing Factor Requirements for Androgen Receptor Variant Synthesis in Advanced Prostate Cancer
Authors: Walker Laura , Duncan Ruaridh , Adamson Beth , Kendall Hannah , Brittain Nicholas , Luzzi Sara , Jones Dominic , Chaytor Lewis , Peel Samantha , Crafter Claire , O’Neill Daniel J. , Gaughan Luke 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Resistance to androgen receptor (AR)–targeted therapies represents a major challenge in prostate cancer. A key mechanism of treatment resistance in patients who progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is the generation of alternatively spliced AR variants (AR-V). Unlike full-length AR isoforms, AR-Vs are constitutively active and refractory to current receptor-targeting agents and hence drive tumor progression. Identifying regulators of AR-V synthesis may therefore provide new therapeutic opportunities in combination with conventional AR-targeting agents. Our understanding of AR transcript splicing, and the factors that control the synthesis of AR-Vs, remains limited. Although candidate-based approaches have identified a small number of AR-V splicing regulators, an unbiased analysis of splicing factors important for AR-V generation is required to fill an important knowledge gap and furnish the field with novel and tractable targets for prostate cancer treatment. To that end, we conducted a bespoke CRISPR screen to profile splicing factor requirements for AR-V synthesis. MFAP1 and CWC22 were shown to be required for the generation of AR-V mRNA transcripts, and their depletion resulted in reduced AR-V protein abundance and cell proliferation in several CRPC models. Global transcriptomic analysis of MFAP1-depleted cells revealed both AR-dependent and -independent transcriptional impacts, including genes associated with DNA damage response. As such, MFAP1 downregulation sensitized prostate cancer cells to ionizing radiation, suggesting that therapeutically targeting AR-V splicing could provide novel cellular vulnerabilities which can be exploited in CRPC.
Implications: We have utilized a CRISPR screening approach to identify key regulators of pathogenic AR splicing in prostate cancer.
Machine Learning Algorithm to Predict Atrial Fibrillation Using Serial 12‐Lead ECGs Based on Left Atrial Remodeling
Authors: Choi Ji‐Hoon , Song Sung‐Hee , Kim Hongryul , Kim Jongwoo , Park Heesun , Jeon JaeHu , Hong JoongSik , Gwag Hye Bin , Lee Sung Ho , Lee Jaichan , Cho Soo Jin , Park Seung‐Jung , On Young Keun , Kim Ju Youn , Park Kyoung‐Min 
Published: September 2024

Background
We hypothesized that analysis of serial ECGs could predict new‐onset atrial fibrillation (AF) more accurately than analysis of a single ECG by detecting the subtle cardiac remodeling that occurs immediately before AF occurrence. Our aim in this study was to compare the performance of 2 types of machine learning (ML) algorithms.

Methods and Results

Standard 12‐lead ECGs of patients selected by cardiologists between January 2010 and May 2021 were used for ML model development. Two ML models (single ECG and serial ECG) were developed using a light gradient boosting machine‐learning algorithm. Model performance was evaluated based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and F1 score. We trained the ML models on 415 964 ECGs from 176 090 patients. When testing the 2 ML models using external validation data sets, the performance of the serial‐ML model was significantly better than that of the single‐ML model for predicting new‐onset AF (single‐ versus serial‐ML model: sensitivity 0.744 versus 0.810; specificity 0.742 versus 0.822; accuracy 0.743 versus 0.816; F1 score 0.743 versus 0.815; area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.812 versus 0.880;
P
<0.001). The Shapley Additive Explanations analysis ranked P‐wave duration and amplitude among the top 10 ECG parameters.

Conclusions
An ML model based on serial ECGs from an individual had greater ability to predict new‐onset AF than the ML model based on a single ECG. P‐wave morphologies were associated with future AF prediction.
Methyltransferase‐Like 3–Mediated N6‐Methyladenosine RNA Methylation Regulates Hypoxia‐Induced Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cell Pyroptosis by Targeting PTEN
Authors: Jiang Yuan , Liu Huiyu , Shi Ruimin , Hao Yingying , Zhang Junting , Xin Wei , Li Yiying , Ma Cui , Zheng Xiaodong , Zhang Lixin , Zhao Xijuan , Zhu Daling 
Published: September 2024

Background
Pulmonary hypertension is a rare, progressive disorder that can lead to right ventricular hypertrophy, right heart failure, and even sudden death. N6‐methyladenosine modification and the main methyltransferase that mediates it, methyltransferase‐like (METTL) 3, exert important effects on many biological and pathophysiological processes. However, the role of METTL3 in pyroptosis remains unclear.

Methods and Results
Here, we characterized the role of METTL3 and the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis, which is involved in pulmonary hypertension. METTL3 was downregulated in a pulmonary hypertension mouse model and in hypoxia‐exposed pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell. The small interfering RNA–induced silencing of METTL3 decreased the m6A methylation levels and promoted pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell pyroptosis, mimicking the effects of hypoxia. In contrast, overexpression of METTL3 suppressed hypoxia‐induced pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell pyroptosis. Mechanistically, we identified the phosphate and tension homology deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) gene as a target of METTL3‐mediated m6A modification, and methylated phosphate and tension homology deleted on chromosome 10 mRNA was subsequently recognized by the m6A “reader” protein insulin‐like growth factor 2 mRNA‐binding protein 2, which directly bound to the m6A site on phosphate and tension homology deleted on chromosome 10 mRNA and enhanced its stability.

Conclusions
These results identify a new signaling pathway, the METTL3/phosphate and tension homology deleted on chromosome 10/insulin‐like growth factor 2 mRNA‐binding protein 2 axis, that participates in the regulation of hypoxia‐induced pyroptosis.
Carotid Baroreceptor Stimulation Ameliorates Pulmonary Arterial Remodeling in Rats With Hypoxia‐Induced Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Fang Xuesheng , Chen Jie , Hu Zhiling , Shu Ling , Wang Jing , Dai Mingyan , Tan Tuantuan , Zhang Junxia , Bao Mingwei 
Published: September 2024

Background
Sympathetic hyperactivity plays an important role in the initiation and maintenance of pulmonary hypertension. Carotid baroreceptor stimulation (CBS) is an effective autonomic neuromodulation therapy. We aim to investigate the effects of CBS on hypoxia‐induced pulmonary hypertension and its underlying mechanisms.

Methods and Results

Rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups, including a Control‐sham group (n=7), a Control‐CBS group (n=7), a Hypoxia‐sham group (n=10) and a Hypoxia‐CBS group (n=10). Echocardiography, ECG, and hemodynamics examination were performed. Samples of blood, lung tissue, pulmonary arteries, and right ventricle were collected for the further analysis. In the in vivo study, CBS reduced wall thickness and muscularization degree in pulmonary arterioles, thereby improving pulmonary hemodynamics. Right ventricle hypertrophy, fibrosis and dysfunction were all improved. CBS rebalanced autonomic tone and reduced the density of sympathetic nerves around pulmonary artery trunks and bifurcations. RNA‐seq analysis identified
BDNF
and periostin (
POSTN
) as key genes involved in hypoxia‐induced pulmonary hypertension, and CBS downregulated the mRNA expression of
BDNF
and
POSTN
in rat pulmonary arteries. In the in vitro study, norepinephrine was found to promote pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation while upregulating
BDNF
and
POSTN
expression. The proliferative effect was alleviated by silence
BDNF
or
POSTN
.

Conclusions

Our results showed that CBS could rebalance autonomic tone, inhibit pulmonary arterial remodeling, and improve pulmonary hemodynamics and right ventricle function, thus delaying hypoxia‐induced pulmonary hypertension progression. There may be a reciprocal interaction between
POSTN
and
BDNF
that is responsible for the underlying mechanism.
Spatial Predictive Context Speeds Up Visual Search by Biasing Local Attentional Competition
Authors: Bouwkamp Floortje G. , de Lange Floris P. , Spaak Eelke 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The human visual system is equipped to rapidly and implicitly learn and exploit the statistical regularities in our environment. Within visual search, contextual cueing demonstrates how implicit knowledge of scenes can improve search performance. This is commonly interpreted as spatial context in the scenes becoming predictive of the target location, which leads to a more efficient guidance of attention during search. However, what drives this enhanced guidance is unknown. First, it is under debate whether the entire scene (global context) or more local context drives this phenomenon. Second, it is unclear how exactly improved attentional guidance is enabled by target enhancement and distractor suppression. In the present magnetoencephalography experiment, we leveraged rapid invisible frequency tagging to answer these two outstanding questions. We found that the improved performance when searching implicitly familiar scenes was accompanied by a stronger neural representation of the target stimulus, at the cost specifically of those distractors directly surrounding the target. Crucially, this biasing of local attentional competition was behaviorally relevant when searching familiar scenes. Taken together, we conclude that implicitly learned spatial predictive context improves how we search our environment by sharpening the attentional field.
The Dual Nature of Entrainment-Mixing Signatures Revealed through Large-Eddy Simulations of a Convection-Cloud Chamber
Authors: Wang Aaron , Ovchinnikov Mikhail , Yang Fan , Cantrell Will , Yeom Jaemin , Shaw Raymond A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Entrainment of subsaturated air into a cloud can influence its optical and microphysical properties in various ways, depending on the droplet evaporation and turbulent mixing time scales. Previous experiments in the Pi convection-cloud chamber have revealed that, given a fixed entrained air property, the mixing of entrained subsaturated air results in complete evaporation of some cloud droplets, with the rest remaining unchanged. This is a signature of inhomogeneous mixing. While comparing the results of entrainment with varying air properties, the mixing signature appears as if the subsaturated air is well mixed with the cloud to evenly reduce the droplets’ size. In other words, taken together, the experiments appear to have the signature of homogeneous mixing. To explore these results in a greater depth, we conduct large-eddy simulations combined with a bin microphysics scheme. Our results reproduce the similar signatures of inhomogeneous and homogeneous mixing, implying that LES can resolve the inhomogeneous mixing when the grid spacing is smaller than the entrained air parcel. Additionally, we observe that increasing the aerosol injection rate enhances the signature of inhomogeneous mixing, while coarser grid spacing diminishes it. Finally, the change in wall fluxes in response to various entrained air properties confirms that the homogeneous signature seen in the analysis of an ensemble of simulations is the result of various equilibrium states. This further strengthens the suggestion that the homogeneous mixing signature found in aircraft observations near the cloud top may result from combining entrainment events of different intensities, possibly caused by various-sized eddies.

Significance Statement
Large-eddy simulation and size-resolved microphysics can resolve time scales for turbulent mixing and evaporation and, therefore, are well suited for reproducing, extending, and interpreting the entrainment experiment in the Pi convection-cloud chamber. Our simulation results confirm (i) the inhomogeneous mixing signature for an individual entrainment event and (ii) the appearance of homogeneous mixing in an ensemble of entrainment episodes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the inhomogeneous mixing signature is more pronounced in a polluted cloud, but coarser grid spacing in simulations may compromise the accuracy of this signature. Last, the homogeneous mixing signature results from various equilibrium states established for different entrainment intensities and adjusted wall fluxes, which are challenging to measure experimentally but can be easily analyzed in the simulations.
The Privacy/Antitrust Curse: Insights from GDPR Application in Competition Law Proceedings
Authors: Colangelo Giuseppe 
Published: September 2024

In response to the emergence of large online platforms whose business model revolves around the collection and processing of personal data, it is usually suggested that competition and data protection are synergistic, hence requiring an integrated approach. In this respect, Europe represents the testing ground for evaluating how privacy breaches may inform antitrust investigations. Indeed, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) on the one side and the German Facebook antitrust decision on the other side are considered the benchmarks of this new stance aimed at linking market power and data power. This paper tests the concrete viability of such an approach, analyzing how data protection rules and principles have been applied in antitrust proceedings by the European Commission and national competition authorities. Notably, the paper aims at demonstrating the fallacy of the narrative which describes the relationship between privacy and antitrust in terms of synergy and complementarity. Furthermore, the paper maintains that the principles recently affirmed by the European Court of Justice in Meta do not appear conclusive in addressing the issue. The strategic use of privacy as a business justification to pursue anticompetitive advantages currently addressed in the numerous Apple ATT investigations indeed shows the tension between these areas of law. Therefore, rather than strengthening the antitrust enforcement against gatekeepers and their data strategies, the inclusion of privacy harms in antitrust proceedings turns out to be a potential curse for competition authorities, providing players with an opportunity for regulatory gaming to undermine the antitrust enforcement. JEL Codes: D83, K21, L12, L4
Experiences of peer educators in a high school sexual and reproductive health peer education programme in Rwanda
Authors: Nkurunziza Aimable , Tuyisenge Germaine , Habtu Michael , Rwagasore Edward , Rutayisire Erigene , Van Endert Nadja , Bagirisano Justine , Hitayezu Jean Bosco Henri , Tengera Olive , Jans Goele , Mukarwego Beatha , Yamuragiye Assoumpta 
Published: September 2024

Background: To contribute to a reduction in teenage pregnancy among in-school adolescents in Rwanda, a sexual and reproductive health peer education programme (SRHPEP) was developed and implemented. Reflecting on the unique characteristics of this newly implemented programme, and understanding peer educators’ (PEs) and facilitators’ perspectives, can provide insights into the programme’s effectiveness and feedback to improve the programme in the future. This study explored the experiences of being a PE in the SRHPEP from the perspectives of PEs and facilitators. Design: Qualitative exploratory design. Setting: Data collection took placed in three public high schools in Rwanda. Method: Three focus group discussions (FGDs) with 22 PEs and 5 in-depth interviews with facilitators were conducted. Results: Thematic analysis identified the benefits of being a PE, including increased competence, enhanced relationships and an improved society’s understanding of sexual and reproductive health (SRH). PEs faced challenges, however, including bullying, limited resources and time constraints. A support system (comprising PEs themselves, facilitators and school leadership) and refresher training made being a PE easier. Study participants suggested allocating enough time, training larger numbers of PEs and the provision of contextually relevant educational materials to improve the programme. Conclusion: Findings from this study can be used to guide the development of future ways of strengthening the SRHPEP in schools. They can also help to ensure that PEs are adequately supported in their roles and the needs of the students are met.
Students’, parents’ and teachers’ perspectives on comprehensive school-based sleep promotion
Authors: Mellon Pamela , Montemurro Genevieve , Yang Samuel (Sukmin) , Sulz Lauren , Torrance Brian , Storey Kate 
Published: September 2024

Objective: Sleep deprivation is common among children and schools are ideal settings in which to influence children’s sleep. Children spend a significant amount of time at school during key developmental periods, and programmes that influence students’ well-being also benefit academic achievement. Comprehensive School Health (CSH) is an approach that prioritises school, home and community partnerships by supporting the development of health behaviours. However, sleep is often unaddressed in the school environment. The objective of this study was to integrate multiple partner perspectives to inform how to strengthen school-based sleep promotion using a CSH approach. Design: A secondary qualitative analysis of student aged 9–11 ( n = 45), parent/guardian ( n = 24) and teacher ( n = 19) interviews from participants representing elementary (Kindergarten – Grade 6) schools and communities in Alberta, Canada was conducted. Data were examined using an a priori framework in alignment with the four components of the CSH approach: social and physical environment, teaching and learning, policy and partnerships and services. Inductive content analysis was used to develop categories followed by subthemes within each CSH component. Results: Subthemes identified within each component were as follows: social and physical environment (culture of healthy sleep habits; students influence each other); teaching and learning (formally integrate sleep-specific learning into curricula; school, teacher and parents/guardian collaboration); policy (sleep-positive classroom policies) and partnerships and services (community partnerships; school–home collaboration). Conclusion: This research identifies recommendations from student, parent/guardian and teacher interviews to inform and strengthen school-based sleep promotion when taking a CSH approach. Findings can support school partner efforts to foster a school culture (or ethos) of healthy sleep habits leading to improvements in student sleep behaviours.
Increased Emergency Department Identification of Young People Experiencing Trafficking During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Interrupted Time-Series Analysis
Authors: Panda Preeti , Deng Yaowei , Fang Andrea , Ward Victoria , Wang Ewen , Newberry Jennifer , Mathur Maya , Patel Anisha 
Published: September 2024

Objective: Human trafficking is a public health issue affecting young people across the United States, and trafficked young people frequently present to emergency departments (EDs). The identification of trafficked young people by pediatric EDs during the COVID-19 pandemic is not well understood. We examined trends in the identification of young people with current or lifetime experiences of trafficking in US pediatric EDs before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We performed an interrupted time-series analysis using the Pediatric Health Information System database, which includes data from 49 US children’s hospitals, to determine differences in rates of trafficked young people identified in pediatric EDs before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: We included 910 patients; 255 prepandemic (October 1, 2018, through February 29, 2020) and 655 during the COVID-19 pandemic (March 1, 2020, through February 28, 2023). We found a 1.92-fold increase in the incidence rate of identified trafficked young people at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020 (incidence rate ratio = 1.92; 95% CI, 1.47-2.51; P < .001), followed by a decrease over time. Conclusions: The observed increase in identified trafficked young people during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic should alert pediatric ED providers to the opportunity to identify and provide services for trafficked young people as an important part of improving preparedness for future disease outbreaks. Our observed identification trends do not represent the true incidence of trafficked young people presenting to pediatric EDs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Future work should seek to better understand the true occurrence and the health and service needs of trafficked young people during emergencies.
Quantitative signs on ultrasound biomicroscopy images associated with the status of silicone oil emulsification within the eye
Authors: Zhao Hongmei , Wu Kaicheng , Zong Yuan , Chen Qian , Jiang Chunhui 
Published: September 2024

Objectives Silicone oil (SO) is a commonly used intraocular tamponade in the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). SO emulsification is a common complication after SO injection. This study aimed to investigate correlations between SO emulsification signs on ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and the real number/size of SO droplets. Methods An observational, cross-sectional study. Thirty-five RRD patients (19 males; 35 eyes) who underwent pars plana vitrectomy and SO injection were enrolled in the study. SO emulsification signs on UBM (endothelial deposits, floating droplets, ghost images, hyperoleon, anterior chamber angle impregnation, anterior iris surface impregnation, posterior iris surface impregnation and ciliary body impregnation) were acquired and quantified two days before SO removal, while real number/size of the SO droplets with a diameter in 0.4–20 μm in the first 2 mL washout fluid collected intraoperatively during SO removal were assessed by Coulter counter. Then the correlations between these values were explored. Results The grade of tissue impregnation and hyperoleon area in the anterior chamber demonstrated significant correlations with the number of large (5–20 μm) SO droplets ( r = 0.336; P = 0.048 and r = 0.350; P = 0.039, respectively); however, no significant correlations were observed with the total number of droplets (0.4–20 μm)or the number of small (0.4–5 μm) droplets (both P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion The UBM quantitative grade of tissue impregnation and hyperoleon area in the anterior chamber could provide a noninvasive overview of the actual degree of SO emulsification before SO removal surgery.