bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Ohmic Heating on Polyphenol Oxidase Activity, Electrical and Physicochemical Properties of Fresh Tender Coconut Water
Authors: Aniesrani Delfiya D. S. , Thangavel K. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Effect of ohmic heating on polyphenoloxidase (PPO) enzyme activity and the possible influence on the heating rate,electrical conductivity and physicochemical properties of tender coconut water was investigated in this study. Fresh tender coconut water was ohmically heated at voltage gradients of 15 and 20 V/cm, heating temperatures of 80, 90 and 100 °C and holding times of 0, 1.5 and 3 min. No significant changes were observed in pH, titrable acidity and color values of tender coconut water after ohmic heating. Increasing the voltage gradient from 15 to 20 V/cm and holding time from 0 to 3 min decreased the PPO activity significantly (p≤0.01) in tender coconut water. Tender coconut water heated at 80 °C at 20 V/cm for the holding time of 3 min showed the minimum residual PPO activity of 30.55±0.92 % and pink discoloration was retarded up to 7 days when stored at room temperature.
Assessment of Various Pretreatment and Extraction Methods for the Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Orthosiphon stamineus Leaf via Microstructures Analysis
Authors: See Tiam You , Tee Siau Inn , Ang Teck Nam , Chan Chung-Hung , Yusoff Rozita , Ngoh Gek Cheng 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The impacts of various methods such as mechanical grinding, ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and also sample pretreatments using acid and alkali on the microstructure of plant sample were studied for the extraction of bioactive compounds from Orthosiphon stamineus leaf. From scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the extracted sample, UAE and MAE induced significant disruption on glandular trichomes structure, which is the main site for biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites. This improves the diffusion of bioactive compound and resulted in approximately 86–95 % of the total extraction yield quantified by conventional Soxhlet extraction. Chemical pretreatments generally imparted weaker microstructures disruption thus slight improvement on the extraction yields was observed. In this case, acid reagent is more suitable for the pretreatment as the presence of alkali decomposes the bioactive compounds. In a nutshell, the performance of an extraction strongly depends on its degree of disruption on the plant sample microstructure.
Choosing the Optimal Number of B-spline Control Points (Part 1: Methodology and Approximation of Curves)
Authors: Harmening Corinna , Neuner Hans 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Due to the establishment of terrestrial laser scanner, the analysis strategies in engineering geodesy change from pointwise approaches to areal ones. These areal analysis strategies are commonly built on the modelling of the acquired point clouds.
Freeform curves and surfaces like B-spline curves/surfaces are one possible approach to obtain space continuous information. A variety of parameters determines the B-spline’s appearance; the B-spline’s complexity is mostly determined by the number of control points. Usually, this number of control points is chosen quite arbitrarily by intuitive trial-and-error-procedures. In this paper, the Akaike Information Criterion and the Bayesian Information Criterion are investigated with regard to a justified and reproducible choice of the optimal number of control points of B-spline curves. Additionally, we develop a method which is based on the structural risk minimization of the statistical learning theory. Unlike the Akaike and the Bayesian Information Criteria this method doesn’t use the number of parameters as complexity measure of the approximating functions but their Vapnik-Chervonenkis-dimension. Furthermore, it is also valid for non-linear models. Thus, the three methods differ in their target function to be minimized and consequently in their definition of optimality.
The present paper will be continued by a second paper dealing with the choice of the optimal number of control points of B-spline surfaces.
Comparative pre-emptive analgesic efficacy study of novel antiepileptic agents gabapentin, lamotrigine and topiramate in patients undergoing major surgeries at a tertiary care hospital: a randomized double blind clinical trial
Authors: Bhosale Uma A. , Yegnanarayan Radha , Gupta Ankush , Shah Priyank , Sardesai Shalini 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Background:
Surgical injury leads to postoperative pain hypersensitivity preceded by central nervous sensitization, due to lowered pain threshold in peripheral nociceptors and increased excitability of the spinal neurons. Pre-emptive analgesia is intended to decrease pain perception and overall analgesic need by use of drug regimen seizing central nervous system sensitization before exposure to painful stimuli. Earlier, few studies support pre-emptive analgesic efficacy of novel antiepileptic agent gabapentin. But topiramate and lamotrigine though proven analgesic in animal models of chronic pain and clinical studies of gabapentin resistant neuropathic pain; literature search revealed scarce data on its pre-emptive analgesic efficacy. The present study is designed to study and compare the pre-emptive analgesic efficacy of lamotrigine, topiramate and gabapentin (as control) in postoperative pain control.

Methods:
This randomized clinical trial included 90 patients of either sex, between 18 and 70 years undergoing major surgeries. Patients were randomly allocated into control and test groups and received respective treatment 30 min before induction of anesthesia. Aldrete’s score and pain score were recorded using visual analogue scale and facial and behavioral rating scales at awakening and at 1, 2, 4, 6 and 24 h. Postoperative rescue analgesic consumption for 24 h was recorded. Data were analyzed using OpenEpi and SciStatCalc statistical softwares.

Results:
Significantly higher pain scores were observed in the topiramate group postoperatively for 2 h on all pain scales (p<0.05). Lamotrigine-treated patients were more comfortable throughout the study with significantly less (p<0.05) postoperative analgesic requirement comparable to gabapentin.

Conclusions:
Study results are strongly suggestive of pre-emptive analgesic efficacy of single oral dose lamotrigine comparable to gabapentin and superior to topiramate in postoperative pain control.
Influence of 1-Methylcyclopropene and ULO Conditions on Sensory Characteristics of Apple Fruit Grown in Latvia
Authors: Juhņeviča-Radenkova Karina , Radenkovs Vitalijs 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment and ultra-low oxygen (ULO) storage conditions on the sensory characteristics of apples. Two apple storage technologies were tested in this study: cold storage under traditional conditions in combination with 1-MCP treatment, and ULO storage with two different compositions of a gas mixture. Apples were stored for 6 months. After storage, the sensory characteristics were analysed. Sensory evaluation showed that storage technology affected the sensory characteristics and panelists’ acceptability. Distinctive differences were found between apples stored under controlled atmosphere and traditional conditions. Trained panelists highlighted that samples stored under controlled atmosphere had pronounced juiciness and color, while 1-MCP-treated apples stored in cold were sweeter and more aromatic. Apples of the autumn cultivar ‘Auksis’, was perceived considerably higher after harvest and before long-term storage, compared with other cultivars. During 6 months of storage in controlled atmosphere, the sensory quality of these apples remained intact. Also, the sensory quality of fruit of the winter cultivar ‘Sinap Orlovskij’ throughout 6 months of its storage in controlled atmosphere remained intact. Besides, it was noticed that apples stored in controlled atmosphere were juicier and more aromatic with intense color. There is a positive effect of 1-MCP treatment on maintenance of apple quality stored in normal atmosphere for 6 months. With regard to some quality parameters and sensory attributes, 1-MCP-treated apples stored under normal atmosphere are comparable to those stored under ULO conditions.
Safety Problems of Small Water Supply Systems
Authors: Tchórzewska-Cieślak Barbara , Pietrucha-Urbanik Katarzyna , Szpak Dawid 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The paper presents issues related to risks associated with the operation of small water supply systems on the background of water consumer safety assessment made on the basis of risk analysis. Definition of water consumer safety loss as a risk associated with the water consumption of poor quality or water lack was proposed. For this purpose, a three-parameter matrix is implemented with the parameters of the probability of a representative accident scenario, the losses of the water consumers and their protection. Risk management, together with the implementation of protective barriers of small water supply system against threats is a fundamental condition for the continued operation of the system.
The Method of Identification the Failure Risk on Water Supply Networks
Authors: Tchórzewska-Cieślak Barbara , Piegdoń Izabela 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Daily exploitation of the water network, collecting of data concerning the failure of water pipes and knowledge of the repair team are the basis of the data used in the process of effectively removing and identifying failures. The paper proposes a methodology to identify the risk of failure of the water supply system that uses risk indexes according to the proposed three-stage scale of risk levels. An example of application methods for the actual operational data broken down by analysis and risk assessment for bus cables and a separate analysis for the distribution network.
Issues on Vulnerability of Passenger Transportation System
Authors: Tubis Agnieszka , Werbińska-Wojciechowska Sylwia 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
In the presented paper, authors focus on the issues connected with passenger transportation system vulnerability assessment. Following this, in the article the main transportation system vulnerability definitions are discussed. Later, there is presented the comprehensive literature review connected with assessment methods used in the analysed research area. This gives the possibility to define the public transportation system’s vulnerability assessment as an element of process controlling performed by a carrier. Article ends with some conclusions and directions for future research.
Modelling and Simulation Characteristics of Starting System
Authors: Dziubiński Mieczysław , Plich Mieczysław , Drozd Artur 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The main purpose of the work was to develop the analytical simulation model for the starting system and to verify it on the real object. The reliability analysis of the starting system connected with operating use of mechanical and electric elements has been carried out in the developed model. It was a novelty in the conducted examination to use the LabView software for the registration of electric signals (current and voltage) and mechanical ones (rotational speed and torque).
The role of the gallery in the functioning of the foggara
Authors: Remini Boualem 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
In this article, we have highlighted the role of the gallery to improve the flow rate of foggara. The study based on observations and use of the latest inventory data (census 1998). The gallery of foggara can be divided into two parts: drainage and transport. The “drainage” part which is located inside the aquifer occupies 2/3 of the gallery of the foggara. The “transport” part of a length equal to 1/3 of the gallery of the foggara. Knowing the operating principle of the foggara, old methods of improving the flow of foggara were proposed. These included extension of the drainage part of the gallery, strengthening the base of the sealing of the transport part of the gallery, the realization of a small foggara and digging wells downstream of the main foggara.
Determinant Analysis of External Influence on the Bulgarian National Security Policy
Authors: Krastev Krastyu Ivanov 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The EU membership of Bulgaria has created new opportunities for enhancing the country’s role and prestige in the international community. Bulgaria is actively involved in the efforts to reform the world’s organisations to increase its efficiency and the further democratisation of the system of international relations. In the present paper some determinants of the external influence on the Bulgarian national security policy are analyzed and described.
The Commander as the Leader of the Modern Organization
Authors: Marczyk Maciej 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The article author decided to examine leadership in the modern organization, its task and work environment and partly interactions which falls within the framework of its mission in the organization. Interesting from the point of view of leadership is there are features of the modern manager and answer the question whether they are compatible the characteristics of the commander in the army. Currently, the greatest emphasis in the organization is put on human behavior, its role and importance for the functioning of the company. Business administration is associated with a clear definition of areas in which management will move to a modern organization. The task of any manager or leader of our time is the most efficient use of these areas at maximum lowering costs. Most often in the literature, you can find information about the four types of resources: Human, Financial, Physical, Information.
Doctrinal Approachs of the Land Operations at Tactical Level
Authors: Neag Mihai-Marcel 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The character of armed conflict will be further granted by the use of conventional military forces, of professionalized but high-tech armies - as it has been enshrined in recent finished confrontations as well as in the ones currently underway- the manifestation area and the intensity of the threats have extremely diversified and expanded in the context of the operational environment. This meant the need for new approaches of the specific operational framework for the conduct of military operations, with consequences for the structure of the operation of groupings of forces and the way of conducting actions.
Current status and future perspectives of circulating cell-free DNA methylation in clinical diagnostics
Authors: Dietrich Dimo 
Published: August 2016

Abstract:
Aberrant DNA methylation is a hallmark of malignancies and can be detected in circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) in bodily fluids, i.e. blood plasma, serum and urine. The availability of technologies that allow for an accurate and sensitive quantification of ccfDNA DNA methylation enables the precise monitoring of dynamic pathologic processes and pharmacodynamics. Recently, the first ccfDNA methylation biomarker SEPT9 received clearance by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) with its intended use for blood-based colorectal cancer screening. In this review, the application of ccfDNA methylation as a biomarker for diagnosis, screening, early detection, prognosis, molecular staging, therapy response monitoring, and recurrence monitoring is discussed. Special emphasis is placed on the potential and the limitations of methylation biomarkers for the clinical management of prostate, lung, colorectal, bladder, and head and neck cancer. Current and future applications of the validated methylation biomarkers SHOX2 and SEPT9 are highlighted. Additional applications of methylation biomarkers in ccfDNA beyond cancer are discussed briefly. Furthermore, preanalytical and analytical procedures are discussed with regard to a possible implementation of ccfDNA methylation biomarkers into clinical laboratories.
Theoretical and Experimental Investigations of Cylindrical Air-Heating Solar Collector
Authors: Pelece I. , Shipkovs P. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Solar energy is used not only at low latitudes, where it is available at large amounts, but also at higher latitudes, where height of sun and irradiance are significantly lower. On the other hand, the length of day at higher latitudes is longer in summer than at low latitudes, and also the path of the sun is longer.
The present research deals with seeking for new shapes of solar collectors capable of receiving more solar energy.
For designing and evaluating new shapes of solar collectors, it is necessary to have new methods for simple calculations of energy received from the sun by surface of any shape and direction. Such a method is explained in the present paper.
Based on calculations by the proposed method, a new form of solar collector – a cylindrical collector – has been worked out. This collector is intended for air heating, but main principles can also be used for water heating, and even for photovoltaics.
A cylindrical collector receives more energy in the morning and evening than a flat one, but at midday power of both collectors is equal, if effective areas are equal. Daily energy sum of the cylindrical solar collector is 1.5 times greater than that of the flat one.
Comparative Study of Glucose Transporters GLUT-2 and GLUT-5 in Ostriches Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Hussar Piret , Kärner Martin , Järveots Tõnu , Pendovski Lazo , Duritis Ilmars , Popovska-Percinic Florina 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The knowledge about transport of sugars in animals and birds gastrointestinal tract is very important for science as carbohydrates are the main energy source of food. Since until now there is few information about the localization of glucose transporters - integral membrane proteins that mediate the transport of glucose and related substances across the cellular membranes - in birds gastrointestinal tract, the aim of the present study was to localize glucose transporters-2 and -5 (GLUT-2 and -5) in three parts of the ostriches gastrointestinal tract – proventriculus, duodenum and ileum - comparatively in ostrich chicken in their early ontogenesis period. Material from the superficial gland zone of the proventriculus, duodenum and terminal zone of the ileum were collected from eight female ostriches (Struthio camelus var. Domesticus): two chickens after hatching, three 7 and three 30-days old ostriches. The material was fixed with 10% formalin, embedded into paraffin, slices 7 μm thick were cut followed by immunohistochemical staining with polyclonal primary antibodies Rabbit anti-GLUT-2 and Rabbit anti-GLUT-5, carried out according to the manufacturers guidelines (IHC kit, Abcam, UK). The results showed that the staining for both antibodies was weaker in all parts of the gastrointestinal tract of ostriches after hatching compared to 7 and 30 days old ostriches showing that the gastrointestinal tract of ostriches immediately after hatching is not entirely capable of transportation of carbohydrates. The results of our study may indicate the possibility of a close relationship between feeding and the ability to transport sugars in the gastrointestinal tract.
Malfunctions of robotic system in surgery: role and responsibility of surgeon in legal point of view
Authors: Ferrarese Alessia , Pozzi Giada , Borghi Felice , Marano Alessandra , Delbon Paola , Amato Bruno , Santangelo Michele , Buccelli Claudio , Niola Massimo , Martino Valter , Capasso Emanuele 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Robotic surgery (RS) technology has undergone rapid growth in the surgical field since its approval. In clinical practice, failure of robotic procedures mainly results from a surgeon’s inability or to a device malfunction. We reviewed the literature to estimate the impact of this second circumstance in RS and its consequent legal implications. According to data from the literature, device malfunction is rare. We believe it is necessary to complement surgical training with a technical understanding of RS devices.
Broadband infrared absorption enhancement by electroless-deposited silver nanoparticles
Authors: Gritti Claudia , Raza Søren , Kadkhodazadeh Shima , Kardynal Beata , Malureanu Radu , Mortensen N. Asger , Lavrinenko Andrei V. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Decorating semiconductor surfaces with plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) is considered a viable solution for enhancing the absorptive properties of photovoltaic and photodetecting devices. We propose to deposit silver NPs on top of a semiconductor wafer by a cheap and fast electroless plating technique. Optical characterization confirms that the random array of electroless-deposited NPs improves absorption by up to 20% in a broadband of near-infrared frequencies from the bandgap edge to 2000 nm. Due to the small filling fraction of particles, the reflection in the visible range is practically unchanged, which points to the possible applications of such deposition method for harvesting photons in nanophotonics and photovoltaics. The broadband absorption is a consequence of the resonant behavior of particles with different shapes and sizes, which strongly localize the incident light at the interface of a high-index semiconductor substrate. Our hypothesis is substantiated by examining the plasmonic response of the electroless-deposited NPs using both electron energy loss spectroscopy and numerical calculations.
Rivalry of Advocacy Coalitions in the Czech Pension Reform
Authors: Potůček Martin , Rudolfová Veronika 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The Czech Republic, as many other countries of Central and Eastern Europe, faced and is still facing a pension-reform challenge. The diversification of pension pillars led to the massive displacements of participant contributions from the public PAYG pension pillars to the newly constructed private, defined-contribution, fully-funded pillars. In the Czech Republic, the adoption of the relevant law was preceded by serious political conflict between supporters and opponents of this step (both among different political actors and among professionals). In an analysis of the conflict we critically apply the Advocacy Coalition Framework. We work mainly with the analysis of policy documents, public statements of the individual actors and an analysis of voting on the relevant law in both chambers of the Czech Parliament towards the identification of the crystallization process of two clear-cut coalitions between actors from both sides of the spectrum. The Advocacy Coalition Framework in exploring the dynamics of the public-policy process proved to be able to explain situations where there is sharp political conflict. Through the lens of the devil-shift of both camps (advocacy coalitions with different beliefs), each fell into extreme positions within the coalition to affirm the correctness of their arguments and positions.