bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implications of guidelines for osteoporosis and its treatment
Authors: Tuck Stephen , Little Elizabeth A , Aspray Terry J 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe development of clinical guidelines is now a more uniform process, with formalised methods to ensure that recommendations are based on current best available evidence from randomised controlled trials and systematic reviews. Over the past 20 years we have seen a growth in guidelines including those relating to osteoporosis, with recommendations varying between and within countries. Some guidelines are concerned with case finding and primary or secondary prevention, such as those produced by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE CG146, TA-160, -161, -464), while others focus on specific conditions or risk factors associated with osteoporosis, such as the menopause, coeliac disease and eating disorder. Clinicians can be confused as to which to follow in any particular clinical scenario. International guidelines, such as those from North America (NOF, CAROC, AACE) and Scotland (SIGN 142), differ from those of England, Wales and Northern Ireland, with recent recommendations from NICE (TA464) shifting the focus of treatment from those at greatest fracture risk to an apparent blanket approach, based on cost-effectiveness, rather than clinical effectiveness.Osteoporosis treatment should be targeted at those who can benefit most, outweighing the potential for harm. If the low health economic threshold of NICE TA464 were adopted as a clinical threshold, the most important group—older people at greatest risk of fracture, would not be prioritised. We risk overwhelming clinical services, while causing harm to some at low fracture risk from adverse effects of treatment, yet failing to treat the older population at highest fracture risk.
Expanding a radiology lexicon using contextual patterns in radiology reports
Authors: Percha Bethany , Zhang Yuhao , Bozkurt Selen , Rubin Daniel , Altman Russ B , Langlotz Curtis P 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Objective
Distributional semantics algorithms, which learn vector space representations of words and phrases from large corpora, identify related terms based on contextual usage patterns. We hypothesize that distributional semantics can speed up lexicon expansion in a clinical domain, radiology, by unearthing synonyms from the corpus.

Materials and Methods
We apply word2vec, a distributional semantics software package, to the text of radiology notes to identify synonyms for RadLex, a structured lexicon of radiology terms. We stratify performance by term category, term frequency, number of tokens in the term, vector magnitude, and the context window used in vector building.

Results
Ranking candidates based on distributional similarity to a target term results in high curation efficiency: on a ranked list of 775 249 terms, &gt;50% of synonyms occurred within the first 25 terms. Synonyms are easier to find if the target term is a phrase rather than a single word, if it occurs at least 100× in the corpus, and if its vector magnitude is between 4 and 5. Some RadLex categories, such as anatomical substances, are easier to identify synonyms for than others.

Discussion
The unstructured text of clinical notes contains a wealth of information about human diseases and treatment patterns. However, searching and retrieving information from clinical notes often suffer due to variations in how similar concepts are described in the text. Biomedical lexicons address this challenge, but are expensive to produce and maintain. Distributional semantics algorithms can assist lexicon curation, saving researchers time and money.
Galactic conformity measured in semi-analytic models
Authors: Lacerna I , Contreras S , González R E , Padilla N , Gonzalez-Perez V 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe study the correlation between the specific star formation rate of central galaxies and neighbour galaxies, also known as ‘galactic conformity’, out to 20 $h^{-1}\,\,\rm {Mpc}$ using three semi-analytic models (SAMs, one from l-galaxies and other two from galform). The aim is to establish whether SAMs are able to show galactic conformity using different models and selection criteria. In all the models, when the selection of primary galaxies is based on an isolation criterion in real space, the mean fraction of quenched (Q) galaxies around Q primary galaxies is higher than that around star-forming primary galaxies of the same stellar mass. The overall signal of conformity decreases when we remove satellites selected as primary galaxies, but the effect is much stronger in galform models compared with the l-galaxies model. We find this difference is partially explained by the fact that in galform once a galaxy becomes a satellite remains as such, whereas satellites can become centrals at a later time in l-galaxies. The signal of conformity decreases down to 60 per cent in the l-galaxies model after removing central galaxies that were ejected from their host halo in the past. Galactic conformity is also influenced by primary galaxies at fixed stellar mass that reside in dark matter haloes of different masses. Finally, we explore a proxy of conformity between distinct haloes. In this case, the conformity is weak beyond ∼3 $h^{-1}\,\,\rm {Mpc}$ (&lt;3 per cent in l-galaxies, &lt;1–2 per cent in galform models). Therefore, it seems difficult that conformity is directly related with a long-range effect.
In-flight calibration of the Hitomi Soft X-ray Spectrometer. (2) Point spread function
Authors: Maeda Yoshitomo , Sato Toshiki , Hayashi Takayuki , Iizuka Ryo , Angelini Lorella , Asai Ryota , Furuzawa Akihiro , Kelley Richard , Koyama Shu , Kurashima Sho , Ishida Manabu , Mori Hideyuki , Nakaniwa Nozomi , Okajima Takashi , Serlemitsos Peter J , Tsujimoto Masahiro , Yaqoob Tahir 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
We present results of inflight calibration of the point spread function of the Soft X-ray Telescope that focuses X-rays onto the pixel array of the Soft X-ray Spectrometer system. We make a full array image of a point-like source by extracting a pulsed component of the Crab nebula emission. Within the limited statistics afforded by an exposure time of only 6.9 ks and limited knowledge of the systematic uncertainties, we find that the raytracing model of 1$ {^{\prime}_{.}} $2 half-power-diameter is consistent with an image of the observed event distributions across pixels. The ratio between the Crab pulsar image and the raytracing shows scatter from pixel to pixel that is 40% or less in all except one pixel. The pixel-to-pixel ratio has a spread of 20%, on average, for the 15 edge pixels, with an averaged statistical error of 17% (1 σ). In the central 16 pixels, the corresponding ratio is 15% with an error of 6%.
Multiple strategies for heat adaptation in rice endosperms revealed by on-site cell-specific analysis
Authors: Wada Hiroshi , Hatakeyama Yuto , Onda Yayoi , Nonami Hiroshi , Nakashima Taiken , Erra-Balsells Rosa , Morita Satoshi , Hiraoka Kenzo , Tanaka Fukuyo , Nakano Hiroshi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPlant cells have multiple strategies to adapt to environmental stresses. Rice endosperms form chalkiness in a part of the tissue under heat conditions during the grain-filling stage, although nitrogen supply reduces chalky rice. Air spaces formed in the cells cause an irregular light reflection and create chalkiness, yet what exactly occurs remains unclear at cell level. Through on-site cell-specific analysis, we show that heat-treated cells adjust osmotically and retard protein synthesis to preserve protein storage vacuoles in the cytosol, resulting in air space formation. Application of nitrogen enhances heat tolerance to sustain protein body and amyloplast development during strong osmotic adjustment, which diminishes air spaces to avoid chalkiness. Hence, we conclude that rice endosperm cells could alter organelle compartments spatially during the heat adaptation, depending on the available nitrogen level. Our findings provide new insight into the cellular mechanism of rice chalky formation as a strategy for heat acclimation.
Work-based learning for enterprise education? The case of Liverpool John Moores University “live” civic engagement projects for students
Authors: Gibson David , Tavlaridis Vasilios 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present the results of using work-based learning (WBL) pedagogy within the curriculum to embed enterprise skills within the Liverpool John Moores University and review the potential relevance of WBL pedagogy to create impactful learning experiences within the curriculum.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors used quantitative methodology for this study using a pre- and post-program questionnaire (E-factor) to measure their entrepreneurial competencies. Data were collected from over 500 students over a two-year period.

Findings
The study indicates that WBL can provided transformational learning experiences for students of all disciplines as 85 percent of the students enhanced their entrepreneurial competencies and mindsets.

Research limitations/implications
This study provides significant evidence of the impact WBL pedagogy had on students over a two-year period at the Liverpool John Moores University. However, the data were collected from the student population of a single higher education institution and longitudinal evidence is needed to evaluate the long-term benefits of completing a comparative study with another university.

Practical implications
The WBL pedagogical approach can be applied to all subject areas to allow enterprise education to be embedded throughout the university curriculum. The research also shows that “live” civic engagement projects provides excellent examples of experiential learning and reflection in the assessment process.

Originality/value
The approach is relevant to all universities seeking to embed enterprise within all curriculums in line with the QAA draft guidelines (2012). The student experience should also be significantly enhanced through the provision of transformational learning experience for all students. It provides a clear methodology that can be customized for application to curricular enterprise education in all subject areas in all universities in the UK and indeed internationally.
Proposing a master’s programme on participatory integrated assessment of energy systems to promote energy access and energy efficiency in Southern Africa
Authors: Kiravu Cheddi , Diaz-Maurin François , Giampietro Mario , Brent Alan C. , Bukkens Sandra G.F. , Chiguvare Zivayi , Gasennelwe-Jeffrey Mandu A. , Gope Gideon , Kovacic Zora , Magole Lapologang , Musango Josephine Kaviti , Ruiz-Rivas Hernando Ulpiano , Smit Suzanne , Vázquez Barquero Antonio , Yunta Mezquita Felipe 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to present a new master’s programme for promoting energy access and energy efficiency in Southern Africa.

Design/methodology/approach
A transdisciplinary approach called “participatory integrated assessment of energy systems” (PARTICIPIA) was used for the development of the curriculum. This approach is based on the two emerging fields of “multi-scale integrated assessment” and “science for governance”, which bring innovative concepts and methods.

Findings
The application of the PARTICIPIA methodology to three case studies reveals that the proposed transdisciplinary approach could support energy and development policies in the region. The implementation of the PARTICIPIA curriculum in three higher education institutions reveals its ability to respond to the needs of specific contexts and its connection with existing higher education programmes.

Practical implications
Considering energy issues from a transdisciplinary approach in higher education is absolutely critical because such a holistic view cannot be achieved through engineering curricula. Deliberate and greater efforts should be made to integrate methods from “multi-scale integrated assessment” and “science for governance” in higher education curricula to train a new breed of modern-day energy planners in charge of coming up with solutions that are shared by all relevant stakeholders.

Originality/value
This paper presents an innovative higher education curriculum in terms of the attention given to energy access and energy efficiency that affect the southern Africa region and the nature of the methodology adopted to face these issues.
Sustainable farming entrepreneurship in the Sunraysia region
Authors: Ratten Vanessa 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
Sustainable entrepreneurship is crucial for the ongoing viability and growth of rural economies. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the role of farm entrepreneurs in the sustainable development of rural regional areas by focusing on the Sunraysia farming community in Australia.

Design/methodology/approach
The theoretical framework of evolutionary economics is utilized to understand the process of sustainable entrepreneurship for entrepreneurs in rural areas and a case study design is utilized to build theory linking place attachment, innovation legitimacy, and coopetitive behavior to sustainable farm entrepreneurship. The case studies are analyzed using an inductive approach to make theoretical contributions to rural and sustainable entrepreneurship.

Findings
The key findings are that coopetition is necessary amongst sustainable farm entrepreneurs in order to induce a culture of innovation.

Research limitations/implications
This study focuses on the Sunraysia region of Australia so might be limited in scope and replication to other geographic areas.

Originality/value
This study focuses on the role of rural regional areas and the special entrepreneurial characteristics of the Sunraysia region due to immigration and location advantages.
The origins of the Jimmy Savile scandal
Authors: Smith Mark , Burnett Ros 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the origins of the Jimmy Savile Scandal in which the former BBC entertainer was accused of a series of sexual offences after his death in 2011. The case has had a massive impact on UK policing and criminal justice policy and on care work, with implications for due process and public expenditure in responding to reports of sexual abuse.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper draws on an Economic and Social Research Council funded project to collate data on the Savile case. It is based, primarily, on interview material from former pupils and staff members from Duncroft School, from whence initial allegations against Savile emanate, contrasting these with media accounts.

Findings
The research provides a very different picture of Duncroft and the contemporary policy context to that presented in media accounts. A questioning account of the origins of the scandal emerges. The findings may lend themselves to a moral panics analysis but also point to the power of dominant stories in influencing public policy.

Research limitations/implications
This paper is based on only a very small sample of interviews. The material is ethically sensitive in that it may be claimed or used to cast doubt on accounts of abuse.

Social implications
The implications of the wider project from which it draws are potentially profound, casting doubt on the origins and detail of the Savile scandal.

Originality/value
The paper addresses one of the major socio-cultural episodes in recent British history, which has had a profound effect on the workings of the criminal justice system, signalling a shift away from a presumption of innocence. It also offers insight into the cultural context of care work and the possibility, especially for males, of being subject to allegations made against them.
Young adult occupational transition regimes in Europe: does gender matter?
Authors: Goglio Valentina , Rizza Roberto 
Published: December 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to achieve a greater understanding of the transitions young adults experience into and out of the labour market and the influence that gender and married/cohabiting status have on employment careers.Design/methodology/approachThe paper focuses on young adults (25-34 years old) in four European countries – Italy, the Netherlands, the UK and Norway – that are representative of different youth transition regimes. Using longitudinal data from EU-SILC survey (for the years 2006-2012) and event history analysis, the authors investigate the effect of the particular set of institutional features of each country, the effect of the cohort of entry and the effect of gender differences in determining transitions across labour market status.FindingsFindings show that the filter exercised by the national institutions has a selective impact on the careers of young adults, with some institutional contexts more protective than others. In this respect, the condition of inactivity emerges as an interesting finding: on one side, it mainly involves women in a partnership, on the other side it is more common in protective youth regimes, suggesting that it may be a chosen rather than suffered condition.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to existing literature by: focusing on a specific category, young adults from 25 to 34 years old, which is increasingly recognised as a critical stage in the life course though it receives less attention than its younger counterpart (15-24); integrating the importance of family dynamics on work careers by analysing the different effects played by married/cohabiting status for men and women.
Constructing composite indices
Authors: Refaat Eman , Hadi Ali 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to construct, for the first time, composite index for Egypt that measures the economic and social rights fulfillment (ESRF) based on socioeconomic surveys at the household/individual levels.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper highlights some of the statistical debatable issues about composite indices and focuses mainly on six of them. Those issues are indicators selection, handling missing data, identification of and dealing with outliers, scale of measurement, computing the margin of error, weights assigned for indicators and domains and aggregation method. Handling these problematic issues gave rise to a rigorous index.

Findings
The quality of economic and social rights fulfillment index (ESRFI) is judged by its bootstrap standard error. Based on these margin of errors, confidence intervals can be computed and rigorous comparisons across all disaggregation levels of the ESRFI can be made. The results shows that the overall index is accurate and representative in measuring the ESRF in Egypt. Comparisons between rural and urban regions indices show that the rural areas are always worse than the urban areas in all levels of dimensions, especially for the Right to Education and Adequate Housing.

Research limitations/implications
The ESRFI is not very current because it is based on the 2010 Egyptian Household Conditions Observatory Survey (EHCOS), which is the latest published version of the survey with complete variables for the index data. When the next EHCOS becomes available, an updated ESRFI can be easily and quickly constructed.

Practical implications
The ESRFI could strengthen policy formulation that takes into account ESRF, especially by highlighting the situation in different regions and disaggregation levels.

Social implications
The proposed ESRFI would strengthen policy formulation that takes into account ESRF, especially by highlighting the situation in different regions and different disaggregation levels.

Originality/value
The paper emphasizes the importance of recognizing and handling of the six problematic issues that arise when constructing composite indices. The paper presents the first ESRFI for Egypt and demonstrates the rigor of its construction.
Investigating the attack angle of squeegees with different geometries
Authors: Krammer Oliver , Jakab László , Illes Balazs , Bušek David , Beshajová Pelikánová Ivana 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The attack angle of stencil printing squeegees with different geometries was analysed using finite element modelling.

Design/methodology/approach
A finite element model (FEM) was developed to determine the attack angle during the stencil printing. The material properties of the squeegee were included in the model according to the parameters of steel AISI 4340, and the model was validated by experimental measurements. Two geometric parameters were investigated; two different unloaded angles (45° and 60°) and four overhang sizes of the squeegee (6, 15, 20 and 25 mm).

Findings
It was found that the deflection of the blade is nearly homogenous along the length of the squeegee. This implies that the attack angle does not change significantly along the squeegee length. The results showed significant differences between the initial and the attack angle. For example, the angle of the squeegee with 15 mm overhang size and with 60° initial angle decreased by more than 5° for a specific squeegee force of 0.3 N/mm; resulting in an attack angle of 53.4°.

Originality/value
The attack angle during the printing is considerably lower than the initial angle as a result of the printing force. The papers, which were dealing with the numerical modelling of the stencil printing presumed that the squeegees were having their initial angle. This could have led to invalid numerical results. Therefore, we decided to investigate the attack angle during stencil printing for squeegees with different initial geometries to enhance the numerical modelling of stencil printing.
Transcriptome analysis of ultraviolet A‐induced photoaging cells with deep sequencing
Authors: Zheng Yue , Xu Qingfang , Chen Haiyan , Chen Qiaoping , Gong Zijian , Lai Wei 
Published: December 2017

AbstractGene expression changes associate with many biological processes. However, the relative consequences of the genetic alterations induced by ultraviolet (UV)‐A radiation on skin photoaging are still not clear. Here, we performed deep sequencing of the transcriptome and explored altered genes related to biological changes in repeated UV‐A‐irradiated human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) to better understand the skin photoaging mechanisms. The repeatedly UV‐A‐irradiated group (HDF were induced by 10 J/cm2 UV‐A twice daily for 7 days) and the control group (HDF without irradiation) were evaluated. Expression genes profile was measured and compared using high‐throughput sequencing on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform and DEGseq. Functional annotation and metabolic pathway analysis of genes with altered expression were preformed via National Center for Biotechnology Information, Uniprot, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases. Genes related to skin photoaging were verified by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Transcriptome comparison revealed that 607 genes exhibited significant changes (P < 0.05), of which 238 genes were upregulated and 369 downregulated in UV‐A‐irradiated HDF. Functional annotations showed that genes altered by UV‐A irradiation took part in a variety of biological process, cellular component synthesis, molecular function and metabolic pathway. Photoaging‐related genes encoding elastin, sprout, cathepsin K, cathepsin D, cathepsin B ribose‐phosphate diphosphokinase and phosphoglucomutase were identified to be changed. We obtained the comprehensive transcriptome and altered genes in repeated UV‐A‐irritated HDF and identified that the modulated genes were related to a wide panel of pathways and functions. Our results provide new insights into photoaging molecular mechanisms and suggest some novel targets for interfering in skin photoaging.