bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of a Thomson scattering diagnostic for the SMall Aspect Ratio Tokamak (SMART)
Authors: Kaur M. , Diallo A. , LeBlanc B. , Segado-Fernandez J. , Viezzer E. , Huxford R. B. , Mancini A. , Cruz-Zabala D. J. , Podesta M. , Berkery J. W. , Garcia-Muñoz M. 
Published: September 2024

We describe the design of a Thomson scattering (TS) diagnostic to be used on the SMall Aspect Ratio Tokamak (SMART). SMART is a spherical tokamak being commissioned in Spain that aims to explore positive triangularity and negative triangularity plasma scenarios at a low aspect ratio. The SMART TS diagnostic is designed to operate at high spatial resolution, 6 mm scattering length in the low-field side and 9 mm in the high-field side regions, and a wide dynamic range, electron temperature from 1 eV to 1 keV and density from 5×1018m−3 to 1×1020m−3, to resolve large gradients formed at the plasma edge and in the scrape-off layer (SOL) under different triangularities and low aspect ratios. A 2 J @1064 nm laser will be used that is capable of operating in the burst mode at 1, 2, and 4 kHz to investigate fast phenomena and at 30 Hz to study 1 s (or more) long discharges. The scattered light will be collected over an angular range of 60° – 120° from 28 spatial points in the midplane covering the entire plasma width and the outer midplane SOL. Each scattering signal will be spectrally resolved on five wavelength channels of a polychromator to obtain the electron temperature measurement. We will also present a method to monitor in situ laser alignment in the core during calibrations and plasma operations.
Design and implementation of a new apparatus for astrochemistry: Kinetic measurements of the CH + OCS reaction and frequency comb spectroscopy in a cold uniform supersonic flow
Authors: Lucas Daniel I. , Guillaume Théo , Heard Dwayne E. , Lehman Julia H. 
Published: September 2024

We present the development of a new astrochemical research tool, HILTRAC, the Highly Instrumented Low Temperature ReAction Chamber. The instrument is based on a pulsed form of the CRESU (Cinétique de Réaction en Écoulement Supersonique Uniforme, meaning reaction kinetics in a uniform supersonic flow) apparatus, with the aim of collecting kinetics and spectroscopic information on gas phase chemical reactions important in interstellar space or planetary atmospheres. We discuss the apparatus design and its flexibility, the implementation of pulsed laser photolysis followed by laser induced fluorescence, and the first implementation of direct infrared frequency comb spectroscopy (DFCS) coupled to the uniform supersonic flow. Achievable flow temperatures range from 32(3) to 111(9) K, characterizing a total of five Laval nozzles for use with N2 and Ar buffer gases by impact pressure measurements. These results were further validated using LIF and direct frequency comb spectroscopy measurements of the CH radical and OCS, respectively. Spectroscopic constants and linelists for OCS are reported for the 1001 band near 2890–2940 cm−1 for both OC32S and OC34S, measured using DFCS. Additional peaks in the spectrum are tentatively assigned to the OCS-Ar complex. The first reaction rate coefficients for the CH + OCS reaction measured between 32(3) and 58(5) K are reported. The reaction rate coefficient at 32(3) K was measured to be 3.9(4) × 10−10 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 and the reaction was found to exhibit no observable temperature dependence over this low temperature range.
A hybrid method for fault diagnosis of rolling bearings
Authors: He Yuchen , Fang Husheng , Luo Jiqing , Pang Pengfei , Yin Qin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Traditional diagnostic methods often have insufficient accuracy and noise reduction, which leads to diagnostic errors. To address these issues, this paper proposes an advanced fault diagnosis model that combines the variational mode decomposition (VMD) improved by a Variable-Objective Search Whale Optimization Algorithm (VSWOA) with a Pelican Optimization (PO)-boosted Kernel Extreme Learning Machine (KELM) algorithm. The application of the method is shown here in the fault diagnosis of rolling bearings. The proposed VSWOA enhances the performance of VMD by incorporating a Sobol sequence, nonlinear time-varying factors, a multi-objective initial search strategy, and an elite Cauchy chaos mutation strategy, significantly improving noise reduction in vibration signals. Fault information is precisely extracted using waveform factors, sample entropy, and advanced composite multiscale fuzzy entropy, which enables effective feature screening and dimensionality reduction. The POA fine-tunes the KELM parameters, increasing the classification accuracy. The effectiveness of the model is verified through experimental evaluations using bearing data with injected Gaussian noise (from Case Western Reserve University) and the SpectraQuest datasets, where significant improvements in noise reduction and fault detection accuracy are achieved.
Weightlessness in a bottle
Authors: Hughes Stephen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A simple method of demonstrating apparent weightlessness in free fall is described. The Apollo 15 hammer and feather drop experiment can be recreated in the classroom using a book to shield the feather from air resistance. Plastic toys and a feather thrown together in a plastic bottle can be used to recreate an apparent weightless environment close to the surface of the Earth. Since the bottle follows a parabolic trajectory, the objects within also follow a parabolic path and are seen to float as if in a space ship in orbit around the Earth. This demonstration is useful for demonstrating to students that apparent weightlessness is not confined to outer space. The use of toy fish in the experiments makes a connection with the neutral buoyancy training of astronauts. The experiments also exemplify Newton’s second law that force is mass times acceleration.
A simple and rigorous method of modal and nonmodal linear stability analysis of Hagen-Poiseuille laminar flow in pipe
Authors: Macháček Martin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper describes a simple spectral method of examining both modal and nonmodal stability of the laminar flow in cylindrical pipes. In particular, we present a rigorous method to find whether a perturbation of linearly stable laminar flow is also nonmodally stable, i.e., does not temporarily grow before its final exponential decay. We also discuss possible scenarios of intermittency in nonmodally unstable cases and the reason why stability persists for larger values of Reynolds number

R

if perturbations are very small.
Using an orthonormal basis of eigenfunctions of the Leray projection of Laplace operator we transform the Navier–Stokes equation (NSE) into a simple dynamical system, present a finite analytical expression for the elements of the matrix M of the linear approximation d
Δ
v/dt = M
Δ
v around its laminar solution and show that the physical meaning of these elements corresponds to energy flow to each perturbation mode from other modes and from the laminar flow. All the analytical results presented in this paper are mathematically rigorous consequences of NSE.
In sections 5 and 6 we also discuss some pilot numerical results that are tabulated in full in the supplementary material to this paper. These results support the assumption that the eigenvalues of M have negative real parts, that for large

R

matrix M is strongly nonnormal and that the nonmodal instability occurs for moderate values of

R

. The full numerical results as well as the source program and its detailed documentation are in the supplementary material of this paper.
A Mathematical Aspect of Bloch’s Theorem
Authors: Li Yan , Yang Bin , Zhou Aihui 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this paper, by studying a class of 1-D Sturm-Liouville problems with periodic coefficients, we show and classify the solutions of periodic Schrödinger equations in a multidimensional case, which tells that not all the solutions are Bloch solutions. In addition, we also provide several properties of the solutions and quasimomenta and illustrate the relationship between bounded solutions and Bloch solutions.
Hot carrier cooling in lead halide perovskites probed by two-pulse photovoltage correlation spectroscopy
Authors: Huang 黄 Yuqing 玉清 , Guo 郭 Chaoyu 钞宇 , Gao 高 Lei 蕾 , Du 杜 Wenna 文娜 , Zheng 郑 Haotian 浩天 , Wu 吴 Da 达 , Zhao 赵 Zhengpu 正朴 , Zhang 张 Chu-Wei 楚惟 , Wang 王 Qin 钦 , Liu 刘 Xin-Feng 新风 , Yan 严 Qingfeng 清峰 , Jiang 江 Ying 颖 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The next-generation hot-carrier solar cells, which can overcome the Shockley–Queisser limit by harvesting excess energy from hot carriers, are receiving increasing attention. Lead halide perovskite (LHP) materials are considered as promising candidates due to their exceptional photovoltaic properties, good stability and low cost. The cooling rate of hot carriers is a key parameter influencing the performance of hot-carrier solar cells. In this work, we successfully detected hot carrier dynamics in operando LHP devices using the two-pulse photovoltage correlation technique. To enhance the signal-to-noise ratio, we applied the delay-time modulation method instead of the traditional power modulation. This advancement allowed us to detect the intraband hot carrier cooling time for the organic LHP CH3NH3PbBr3, which is as short as 0.21 ps. In comparison, the inorganic Cs-based LHP CsPbBr3 exhibited a longer cooling time of around 0.59 ps due to different phonon contributions. These results provide us new insights into the optimal design of hot-carrier solar cells and highlight the potential of LHP materials in advancing solar cell technology.
Localized-states quantum confinement induced by roughness in CdMnTe/CdTe heterostructures grown on Si(111) substrates
Authors: Rodrigues Leonarde N. , Inoch Wesley F. , Gomes Marcos L. F. , Couto Jr. Odilon D. D. , Archanjo Bráulio S. , Ferreira Sukarno O. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This work shows that despite a lattice mismatch of almost 20%, CdMnTe/CdTe/CdMnTe heterostructures grown directly on Si(111) have surprisingly good optical emission properties. The investigated structures were grown by molecular beam epitaxy and characterized by scanning transmission electron microscopy, macro- and micro-photoluminescence. Low temperature macro-photoluminescence experiments indicate three emission bands which depend on the CdTe layer thickness and have different confinement characteristics. Temperature measurements reveal that the lower energy emission band (at 1.48 eV) is associated to defects and bound exciton states, while the main emission at 1.61 eV has a weak 2D character and the higher energy one at 1.71 eV has a well-defined (zero-dimensional, 0D) 0D nature. Micro-photoluminescence measurements show the existence of sharp and strongly circularly polarized (up to 40%) emission lines which can be related to the presence of Mn in the heterostructure. This result opens the possibility of producing photon sources with the typical spin control of the diluted magnetic semiconductors using the low-cost silicon technology.
Preface: Proceedings of International Conference on Thermofluids and Manufacturing Science 2024
Authors: Sahu Debjyoti , Guha Spandan , Muduli Kamalakanta 
Published: September 2024

The comprehensive study of heat transfer, fluid dynamics, thermodynamics, and combustion is known as thermofluids. In the field of thermofluid, researchers, scientists, and engineers are conducting cutting-edge study theoretically and experimentally. This field seeks to create energy from sustainable resources and use it as efficiently as possible in order to make the planet carbon neutral. Apart from energy generation and transportation the manufacturing sector must utilize the resources optimally so that the sustainability is achieved while maintaining progress. Due to recent advancements in manufacturing technology, industry can now produce and transport equipment at a higher volume while emitting less CO2. Different perspectives of sustainable growth must converge in the future in order to improve the living conditions on this planet. KIIT ICTMS 2024 was a platform for showcasing multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research happening to tackle various challenges faced by the researchers and industry. Throughout these two days, a variety of presentations, lab visits, and demonstrations took place. Industry representatives from COMSOL Multiphysics and LINSEIS Thermal Analysis attended the function.
The Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, located in Bhubaneswar, India, hosted the International Conference on Thermofluids and Manufacturing Science (ICTMS 2024) from March 7-8, 2024. Situated in Bhubaneswar, in the Indian state of Odisha, KIIT Deemed to be University is a university aspiring to maintain sustainability by reducing carbon footprint. This esteemed private institution in India enrolls students from 65 different nations. It has received an A++ accreditation from the University Grants Commission of India’s NAAC. The Government of India’s NIRF has KIIT Deemed to be University placed sixteenth. KIIT Mechanical Engineering School was founded in 1997. The school’s R&D projects are funded by a number of corporations and government agencies in India, including ARDB, BRNS, AICTE, and DST. Even this conference is partly sponsored by Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF), Govt. of India by sanction order SSY/2024/000044. Organizers acknowledge the contribution.
List of Organizing Committee members, International Advisory Committee members and National Scientific Committee members are available in this Pdf.
Numerical Investigation on Vortex Tube as a Potential Device for Carbon Dioxide Separation
Authors: Tripathi Aditya , Bej Nilotpala , Bihari Harichandan Atal 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The exponential industrialization and growing population result constantly increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is also considered to be a major contributor to rising atmospheric temperatures and pollution in air. This study aims to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the environment by utilising gas separation via a vortex tube. Furthermore, gas separation using a vortex tube is still a relatively unexplored and intriguing research area. Throughout the research, we conducted extensive research on the topic using CFD simulations of our self-designed vortex tube. In this study, the plots of the molar concentrations of CO2 and N2 were plotted to verify the separation of CO2 within a vortex tube.
Experimental study: Impact of hydrogen on the operational performance and emission morphology of a mono-cylinder IC-Engine
Authors: Panda Sunita , Kumar Dewangan Akhilesh , Kumar Rout Akshay 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The escalating impact of fossil fuel emissions on global pollution levels has heightened the imperative to explore alternative solutions. Among numerous alternative fuels, hydrogen has emerged as the most promising option due to its characteristic of producing zero carbon emissions when compared to conventional petroleum-based fuel. The blending of hydrogen with diesel in a compression ignition (CI) engine is a concept that has been explored as a means to improve combustion efficiency, reduce emissions, and potentially enhance the overall performance of internal combustion engines. This combination is often referred to as hydrogen-diesel dual fuel or hydrogen-diesel co-fuel. Hydrogen has a high energy content per unit mass, and its combustion produces only water vapour as a by-product, making it a cleaner fuel compared to traditional hydrocarbons. High flame speed and wide flammability range lead to more efficient combustion when combined with diesel. This advantage positions hydrogen as a frontrunner in mitigating the environmental impact of transportation and energy production, offering a cleaner and more sustainable energy source for the future. In this paper, an experiment study was conducted on a single-cylinder diesel engine to compare the performance and emission parameters of plain diesel with that of diesel & hydrogen blend at a varying hydrogen concentration from 4 L/M to 24 L/M with multiples of four. From the experimental analysis, it is found that brake thermal efficiency increases by 30.825 % at a lower flow rate of hydrogen 4 l/min while the specific fuel consumption decreases as the hydrogen flow rate increases. Similarly, there is a decrease in CO, CO2 and UHC emissions compared to fossil fuel while the NOx emission is found to be increased.
Synthesis, characterization and modification of cost-effective kaolin supported hydrothermally fabricated mesoporous silica membrane
Authors: Chowdhury Zinnia , Samrat Sk , Barma Sanjib 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Membrane technology has established its noteworthy footsteps in diverse fields due to its better performance efficacy, low space requirement and environment friendly properties. Among several areas of applications, membrane technology has immense application in wastewater treatment. Membrane, more specifically ceramic membrane with the modulation of hydrophilicity may open a key for effective treatment of wastewater at lower cost. Kaolin is one of the cost-effective and effective ceramic materials that can be applied for fabricating lower cost ceramic membrane support. To enhance the hydrophillicity and pore size of kaoline membrane, various researchers has coated the surface of kaoline support with different hydrophilic materials. This paper describes the synthesis and characterization for hydrothermally fabricated mesoporous silica membrane on kaolin support. The membranes were coated multiple times to reduce the surface pore size and characterized by using porosity measurement, and pure water flux analysis. The studies showed that coating was effective in reducing pore size of the membrane.
Improving manufacturing sustainability and productivity in joining thick stainless steel components through activated-TIG welding using SiO2 and TiO2 binary flux
Authors: Saha Suman , Chandra Paul Bashab , Das Santanu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Joining thicker components using conventional arc welding processes requires edge preparation and multiple passes for completely filling the root gap. Multiple passes not only increase the overall welding time but also increase the energy expenditure forcing the process to deviate from sustainable one. Multiple arc-heating cycles are also associated with broader heat affected zone (HAZ), severely affected microstructural changes, undesired residual stresses, and higher distortion. Activated TIG (A-TIG) welding process is one variant of conventional TIG welding that can fetch deeper penetration through arc constriction. Accordingly, A-TIG welding has the potential of reducing heating cycles for joining components thicker than 3.0 - 3.5mm. This article investigates the scope of reducing the heating cycles using silica-titania binary flux based A-TIG welding for square-edge butt joining of 10 mm thick stainless steel plates. Regardless of the restriction on accessibility of one face of the components, complete joining of 10 mm thick plates using only conventional TIG welding requires as much as five heating cycles. Application of A-TIG welding can complete the same task within just two heating cycles. Therefore, A-TIG welding is not only a productive process for joining thicker plates but also a sustainable and energy efficient technique.
A review of recent studies on the adoption of electric vehicles to reduce carbon emissions
Authors: Mathew Navin , Varaprasad G 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Environmental hazards and climate change are serious concerns for humans, animals, and nature at present. Air pollution from the emissions of transport is one of the causes of the present situation. The carbon dioxide (CO2) and other emissions from internal combustion engine vehicles worsen the air quality to a great extent. The automobile sector in India is very crucial because of the large number of vehicles in urban and rural areas. The introduction of electric vehicles (EVs) was one of the possible solutions to controlling air pollution. This study reviews the recent literature on EV adoption in India and identifies the factors affecting the adoption. The recent articles on EV adoption are reviewed from the Web of Science and Scopus databases during 2023-2024. Financial factors, charging infrastructure, environmental concerns, social factors, etc., are the major factors identified. The identification of relevant factors affecting adoption can provide insights to manufacturers and marketers to concentrate their energies on improving adoption.
Laser Beam Welding of Inconel Alloys: A Review
Authors: Prakash Leelasai , Kumar Chandan , Gogai Debashish , Kumar Manjesh , Devi Sangjukta 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In the current study, the state-of-the-art laser welding process of Inconel alloys are discussed in detail. The review work is mainly focused on the articles that describe the current status, challenges and relationship between the laser welding parameters and related outcomes in laser welding of Inconel alloys in similar and dissimilar configurations. Laser beam welding (LBW) offers precise welding methods, higher speed, and the potential to produce high-quality weld joints with lower deformation and minimal residual stresses in the welded parts. Laser welding is a complicated welding procedure having many controlling variables. But this process is stochastic in nature. Laser parameter is one of the critical variables which controls the weld quality. Inconel alloys belong to the Ni-Cr-based superalloy class acclaimed with remarkable properties such as exceptional strength, excellent fabricability, and corrosion resistance behavior. These alloys are significantly used in many industrial products such as gas turbine blades, aircraft, and marine components. The review highlights laser welding’s advantages over conventional welding technologies like arc and gas-welding. This research paper concludes with a key challenge such as process stability, material characterization, and standardization of the laser welding process for Inconel alloys and their opportunities for future research and development.