bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Hypobaric Treatments on the Quality, Bioactive Compounds, and Antioxidant Activity of Tomato
Authors: Kou Xiaohong , Wu Ji yun , Wang Yong , Chen Qiong , Xue Zhaohui , Bai Yang , Zhou Fengjuan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHypobaric treatment is becoming a potential technology to protect fruits from postharvest decay. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of hypobaric treatments on storage quality, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activity of tomato fruit. In this study, green tomatoes (cv. “Fen guan”) were treated with hypobaric pressures (0.04 and 0.07 MPa) at ambient temperature (20 ℃) for 28 d. The results showed that under hypobaric storage, the respiration rates significantly declined and the respiratory peaks postponed 12 and 8 d by 0.04 and 0.07 MPa treatments, respectively, compared to control. Total soluble solid, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, and lycopene were retained by hypobaric treatment. Moreover, ascorbic acid contents treated with 0.04 and 0.07 MPa were, respectively, 37% and 26% higher than control at day 24 and the contents of total polyphenols were, respectively, 1.28 and 1.11 times higher than control. Production and accumulation of toxic substances were significantly restrained. The ethanol content decreased, respectively, by 53% and 84% than control. At later storage period, the superoxide dismutase activity in treated fruits was about 0.58 U/(g·FW·min), whereas only 0.29 U/(g·FW·min) in control. Hypobaric treatment not only maintained a high activity of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase (POD), but also improved antioxidant capacity. All the results indicated that hypobaric treatment was a potential helpful method to protect the quality and nutrition of tomato and prolong ripening of tomato. Furthermore, the effect of 0.04 MPa hypobaric treatment was found better than 0.07 MPa.
Improving distribution data of threatened species by combining acoustic monitoring and occupancy modelling
Authors: Campos‐Cerqueira Marconi , Aide T. Mitchell 
Published: June 2016

Summary

Conservation of threatened species relies on predictions about their spatial distribution; however, it is often difficult to detect species in the wild. The combination of acoustic monitoring to improve species detectability and statistical methods to account for false‐negative detections can improve species distribution estimates.

Here, we combine a novel automated species‐specific identification approach with occupancy models that account for imperfect detectability to provide a more accurate species distribution map of the Elfin Woods Warbler Setophaga angelae, a rare, elusive and threatened bird species. We also compared three automated species identification/validation approaches to determine which approach provided occupancy estimates similar to manual validation of all recordings. Acoustic data were collected along three elevational gradients (95–1074 m a.s.l) in El Yunque National Forest, Puerto Rico. The detection matrices acquired through automated species‐specific identification models and manual validations of all recordings were used to create occupancy models.

Although this species has a wider distribution than previously reported, it depends on Palo Colorado forest cover and it mainly occurs between 600 and 900 m a.s.l. Unbiased and precise occupancy models were developed by using automated species identification models and only manually validating 4% of the recordings.

Our approach draws on the strength of two active areas of ecological research: acoustic monitoring and occupancy modelling. Our methods provide an effective and efficient way to translate the enormous amount of acoustic information collected with passive acoustic monitoring devices into meaningful ecological data that can be applied to understand and map the distribution of rare, elusive and threatened species.
Effects of erythropoietin on memory‐relevant neurocircuitry activity and recall in mood disorders
Authors: Miskowiak K. W. , Macoveanu J. , Vinberg M. , Assentoft E. , Randers L. , Harmer C. J. , Ehrenreich H. , Paulson O. B. , Knudsen G. M. , Siebner H. R. , Kessing L. V. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveErythropoietin (EPO) improves verbal memory and reverses subfield hippocampal volume loss across depression and bipolar disorder (BD). This study aimed to investigate with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) whether these effects were accompanied by functional changes in memory‐relevant neuro‐circuits in this cohort.MethodEighty‐four patients with treatment‐resistant unipolar depression who were moderately depressed or BD in remission were randomized to eight weekly EPO (40 000 IU) or saline infusions in a double‐blind, parallel‐group design. Participants underwent whole‐brain fMRI at 3T, mood ratings, and blood tests at baseline and week 14. During fMRI, participants performed a picture encoding task followed by postscan recall.ResultsSixty‐two patients had complete data (EPO: N = 32, saline: N = 30). EPO improved picture recall and increased encoding‐related activity in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and temporo‐parietal regions, but not in hippocampus. Recall correlated with activity in the identified dlPFC and temporo‐parietal regions at baseline, and change in recall correlated with activity change in these regions from baseline to follow‐up across the entire cohort. The effects of EPO were not correlated with change in mood, red blood cells, blood pressure, or medication.ConclusionThe findings highlight enhanced encoding‐related dlPFC and temporo‐parietal activity as key neuronal underpinnings of EPO‐associated memory improvement.
The impact of the 2005–2010 rice price increase on consumption in rural Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan Syed Abul 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article studies the impact of the rice price increase between 2005 and 2010 on consumption in rural Bangladesh. Using the Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) data, we compare net rice buyers and sellers to self‐sufficient households. To identify the effect of rice price changes on household consumption of rice, nonrice food and nonfood items, we employ a difference‐in‐differences (DiD) technique. Our findings indicate that the surge in domestic rice prices between 2005 and 2010 reduced the nonrice food consumption of net rice buyer households by 7%, compared to the households who are self‐sufficient in rice production. However, it did neither affect their rice nor their nonfood consumption. In contrast, while we find no significant effect of rice price increases on the rice consumption of net rice sellers, we observe a 9% increase in their nonrice food consumption. In such situation, a subsidy on low‐quality rice may be effective in fulfilling the nutritional requirement of low‐income households.
Differential hypoxic response of human choroidal and retinal endothelial cells proposes tissue heterogeneity of ocular angiogenesis
Authors: Mammadzada Parviz , Gudmundsson Johann , Kvanta Anders , André Helder 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPurposeTo elaborate molecular differences between choroidal and retinal angiogenesis by generating and comparatively analysing human primary choroidal and retinal endothelial cell (CEC and REC) lines.MethodsHuman CEC and REC were isolated by positive selection and were cultured. Characterization was performed by immunostaining for endothelial cell (EC)‐specific markers. Total RNA and protein were extracted from normoxic or hypoxic CEC and REC cultures. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) arrays were used to comparatively analyse 133 genes between CEC and REC, and the expression differences were calculated by ΔΔCt method. A total of 57 angiogenesis‐related protein expression differences were investigated by Western blot and proteome profiler and were calculated by densitometry.ResultsPrimary human CEC and REC lines stained positively for all EC markers and demonstrated high purity with similar staining and morphology. Under normoxia, CEC showed significantly lower expression levels for cell proliferation and vessel maturation genes and higher expression levels for inflammation‐related genes when compared to REC. In response to hypoxia, CEC and REC displayed differential regulation for a multitude of angiogenesis‐related genes and proteins. Furthermore, within the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family, CEC showed preferential upregulation for vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) while REC upregulated placenta growth factor (PlGF) levels.ConclusionDifferential normoxic and hypoxic regulation of angiogenesis‐related factors by CEC and REC outlines tissue heterogeneity of ocular angiogenesis and suggests that tissue specificity should be considered as a novel treatment modality for successfully overcoming choroidal and retinal angiogenic conditions in the clinic.
Distress in significant others of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Harris Kamelia , Band Rebecca J. , Cooper Hazel , Macintyre Vanessa G. , Mejia Anilena , Wearden Alison J. 
Published: June 2016

PurposeThe objective of this study was to systematically review existing empirical research assessing levels and correlates of distress in significant others of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME).MethodsSystematic searches in CINAHL, Web of Science and PsycINFO were conducted in August 2014. The search was repeated in January 2015 to check for newly published articles. Studies published in English with quantitative, qualitative, or mixed designs exploring distress, poor subjective health, poor mental health, reduced quality of life and well‐being, and symptoms of depression and anxiety in significant others (>18 years) of children and adults with CFS/ME were included. Quality appraisal of included studies was carried out. Quantitative and qualitative studies were summarized separately.ResultsSix articles met eligibility criteria. Two quantitative studies with significant others of adult patients, and one quantitative and two mixed‐methods studies with significant others of child patients showed moderate to high levels of distress. One qualitative study (adult patients) found minimal evidence of distress and that acceptance of CFS/ME was related to better adjustment. In the quantitative and mixed‐methods studies, significant others who attributed some level of responsibility for symptoms to the patient, or who were female, or whose partners had poorer mental health, had higher levels of distress.ConclusionsThe small number of studies to date, the contrary evidence from a qualitative study, and the limited data available on levels of distress in significant others of patients with CFS/ME mean that our conclusion that distress levels are elevated is provisional. We recommend that future qualitative studies focus on this particular topic. Further longitudinal studies exploring correlates of distress within the context of a predictive theoretical model would be helpful.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS/ME) entails considerable economic, social, and personal costs.

Uncertainties exist around diagnosis and management.

This may lead to particular difficulties for significant others trying to support patients.

What does this study add?

Few studies have examined distress and its correlates in significant others of people with CFS/ME.

Significant others report elevated levels of distress on quantitative measures.
Proopiomelanocortin interference in the measurement of adrenocorticotrophic hormone: a United Kingdom National External Quality Assessment Service study
Authors: Monaghan P.J. , Kyriacou A. , Sturgeon C. , Davies A. , Trainer P.J. , White A. , Higham C.E. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryObjectiveIt is recognized that measurement of ACTH‐precursor peptides including proopiomelanocortin (POMC) has clinical utility in identifying the aetiology of Cushing's syndrome. Recent data have also demonstrated cross‐reactivity of POMC in ACTH immunoassays used in clinical laboratories. The aim of this study was to assess the cross‐reactivity of POMC in the main commercial immunoassays for ACTH and to survey the awareness of laboratory professionals to this potential interference.MethodTo assess cross‐reactivity, specimens containing ACTH and/or POMC were prepared by the UK National External Quality Assessment Service (UK NEQAS) [Edinburgh]. A separate interpretative exercise was also sent to participating laboratories.ResultsEighty‐seven laboratories measured ‘total’ ACTH (i.e. ACTH and/or POMC) in their assays. Cross‐reactivity of POMC varied from a mean of 1·6–4·7% (reflected in a large percentage increase in measured ACTH of up to 261% due to POMC cross‐reactivity) depending on the manufacturer. Major differences in the clinical interpretation of test results were observed in returned responses to the interpretative exercise.ConclusionAn appraisal of POMC cross‐reactivity in currently available ACTH immunoassays has been achieved. Cross‐reactivity was sufficient to detect ACTH precursors at concentrations that could be found in patients with ectopic ACTH syndrome. These data will assist laboratories in interpreting results when assessing the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis. Endocrinologists and laboratory professionals should be aware of the degree of cross‐reactivity in ACTH immunoassay in order to minimize the risk of misinterpretation of results and/or potentially delayed treatment.
Mannitol clearance for the determination of glomerular filtration rate–a validation against clearance of 51Cr‐EDTA
Authors: Kiss Katalin , Molnár Miklós , Söndergaard Sören , Molnár Gyula , Ricksten Sven‐Erik 
Published: June 2016

SummaryWe studied the agreement between plasma clearance of mannitol and the reference method, plasma clearance of 51Cr‐EDTA in outpatients with normal to moderately impaired renal function. Forty‐one patients with a serum creatinine <200 μmol l−1 entered the study. 51Cr‐EDTA clearance was measured with the standard bolus injection technique and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated by the single‐sample method described by Jacobsson. Mannitol, 0·25 g kg−1 body weight (150 mg ml−1), was infused for 4–14 min and blood samples taken at 1‐, 2‐, 3‐ and 4‐h (n = 24) or 2‐, 3‐, 3·5‐ and 4‐h after infusion (n = 17). Mannitol in serum was measured by an enzymatic method. Plasma clearance for mannitol and its apparent volume of distribution (Vd) were calculated according to Brøchner‐Mortensen. Mean plasma clearance (±SD) for 51Cr‐EDTA was 59·7 ± 18·8 ml min−1. The mean plasma clearance for mannitol ranged between 57·0 ± 20·1 and 61·1 ± 16·7 ml min−1 and Vd was 21·3 ± 6·2% per kg b.w. The between‐method bias ranged between −0·23 and 2·73 ml min−1, the percentage error between 26·7 and 39·5% and the limits of agreement between −14·3/17·2 and −25·3/19·9 ml min−1. The best agreement was seen when three‐ or four‐sample measurements of plasma mannitol were obtained and when sampling started 60 min after injection. Furthermore, accuracy of plasma clearance determinations was 88–96% (P30) and 41–63% (P10) and was highest when three‐ or four‐sample measurements of plasma mannitol were obtained, including the first hour after the bolus dose. We conclude that there is a good agreement between plasma clearances of mannitol and 51Cr‐EDTA for the assessment of GFR.
Overall accuracy of cervical cytology and clinicopathological significance of LSIL cells in ASC‐H cytology
Authors: Kim S. H. , Lee J. M. , Yun H. G. , Park U. S. , Hwang S. U. , Pyo J.‐S. , Sohn J. H. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveThe aims of this study were (i) to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of Papanicolaou (Pap) smears and (ii) to evaluate the clinicopathological significance of the presence of low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) cells in atypical squamous cells cannot exclude high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) (ASC‐H) cytology.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed paired cytological and histological findings from 3141 patients. ASC‐H cytology was classified as either ASC‐H or LSIL with some features suggestive of the presence of a concurrent HSIL (LSIL‐H). Clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated through a retrospective study and meta‐analysis.ResultsThe accuracy of the cytological diagnosis was 93.7% (2942 of 3141 cases). The positive predictive value (PPV) of ASC‐H for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN 2+ ) was 51.4%. In cases of LSIL‐H, CIN 2+ histology was more prevalent in the pre‐menopausal period (19–44 years) than in peri‐ and postmenopausal periods (older than 45 years) (P = 0.024). There was no difference in the ability of LSIL‐H and ASC‐H to predict CIN 2+.ConclusionThe Pap smear is a good cervical cancer screening method. Although there was no difference in the predictive value for CIN 2+ between LSIL‐H and ASC‐H, the presence of definite LSIL cells was more predictive of CIN 2+ in younger patients than in older patients.
Specialization of the motor system in infancy: from broad tuning to selectively specialized purposeful actions
Authors: D'Souza Hana , Cowie Dorothy , Karmiloff‐Smith Annette , Bremner Andrew J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn executing purposeful actions, adults select sufficient and necessary limbs. But infants often move goal‐irrelevant limbs, suggesting a developmental process of motor specialization. Two experiments with 9‐ and 12‐month‐olds revealed gradual decreases in extraneous movements in non‐acting limbs during unimanual actions. In Experiment 1, 9‐month‐olds produced more extraneous movements in the non‐acting hand/arm and feet/legs than 12‐month‐olds. In Experiment 2, analysis of the spatiotemporal dynamics of infants’ movements revealed developmental declines in the spatiotemporal coupling of movements between acting and non‐acting arms. We also showed that the degree of specialization in infants’ unimanual actions is associated with individual differences in motor experience and visual attention, indicating the experience‐dependent and broad functional nature of these developmental changes. Our study provides important new insights into motor development: as in cognitive domains, motor behaviours are initially broadly tuned to their goal, becoming progressively specialized during the first year of life.
Evolutionary radiations of Proteaceae are triggered by the interaction between traits and climates in open habitats
Authors: Onstein Renske E. , Jordan Gregory J. , Sauquet Hervé , Weston Peter H. , Bouchenak‐Khelladi Yanis , Carpenter Raymond J. , Linder H. Peter 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimEcologically driven diversification can create spectacular diversity in both species numbers and form. However, the prediction that the match between intrinsic (e.g. functional trait) and extrinsic (e.g. climatic niche) variables may lead to evolutionary radiation has not been critically tested. Here, we test this hypothesis in the Southern Hemisphere plant family Proteaceae, which shows a spectacular diversity in open mediterranean shrublands in the Southwest Australian Floristic Region (SWAFR) and the Cape Floristic Region (CFR). Species in the Proteaceae family occupy habitats ranging from tropical rain forests to deserts and are remarkably variable in leaf morphology.LocationSouthern Hemisphere.MethodsWe built a phylogenetic tree for 337 Proteaceae species (21% of the total), representing all main clades, climatic tolerances and morphologies, and collected leaf functional traits (leaf area, sclerophylly, leaf shape) for 261 species and climatic niche data for 1645 species. Phylogenetic generalized least squares regression and quantitative‐trait evolutionary model testing were used to investigate the evolutionary pathways of traits and climatic niches, and their effect on diversification rates.ResultsWe found that divergent selection may have caused lineages in open vegetation types to evolve towards trait and climatic niche optima distinct from those in closed forests. Furthermore, we show that the interaction between open habitats, dry, warm and/or mediterranean climates, and small, sclerophyllous, toothed leaves increases net diversification rates in Proteaceae.Main conclusionsOur results suggest that the evolution of specific leaf adaptations may have allowed Proteaceae to adapt to variable climatic niches and diversify extensively in open ecosystems such as those in the CFR and SWAFR. This match between morphology and environment may therefore more generally lead to evolutionary radiation.
Cross‐sectional and prospective impact of reallocating sedentary time to physical activity on children's body composition
Authors: Sardinha Luís B. , Marques Adilson , Minderico Cláudia , Ekelund Ulf 
Published: June 2016

SummaryBackgroundThe amount of time children spend in sedentary behaviours may have adverse health effects.ObjectiveTo examine the substitution effects of displacing a fixed duration of sedentary time with physical activity (PA) on children's body composition.MethodsWe included 386 children (197 boys). Outcomes were body mass index, waist circumference, total body fat mass and trunk fat mass assessed by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Sedentary time and PA were measured with accelerometers. Data were analysed by isotemporal analyses estimating the effect of reallocating 15 and 30 min d−1 of sedentary time into light (light physical activity), and moderate‐to‐vigorous (MVPA) PA on body composition.ResultsReallocating 15 and 30 min d−1 of sedentary time into MVPA was negatively associated with body fatness in cross‐sectional analyses. Prospectively, reallocating 30 min of sedentary time into 30 min of MVPA was negatively associated with waist circumference (β = −1.11, p < 0.05), trunk fat mass (β = −0.21, p < 0.05), and total body fat mass (β = −0.48, p < 0.05) at follow‐up (20 months). The magnitude of associations was half in magnitude and remained significant (p < 0.05) when reallocating 15 min of sedentary time into MVPA. Reallocating sedentary time into light physical activity was not related (p > 0.05) with body fatness outcomes.ConclusionsSubstituting sedentary time with MVPA using isotemporal analysis is associated with positive effects on body composition.