bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A video dataset for hadal snailfish along with the benchmark
Authors: Zhang Jiushuang , Wang Yong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Application of deep learning technology for deep-sea ecological studies is still in its infancy stage especially in the field of automatic taxonomic identification and statistics. In this study, we created a novel dataset containing annotated videos for the rare species of hadal snailfish inhabiting in >,6000 m depth, and conducted ablation experiments by combining models of different specifications and adding different attention mechanisms. We successfully generated a set of benchmark test data from a quantitative perspective. In addition, based on out of set data with completely different data distributions from the training and validation sets, the generalization ability of the model trained on the new dataset in real-world scenarios was qualitatively analyzed. Other researchers can continue to expand and supplement the dataset based on our benchmarks, or directly apply our results to actual deep-sea videos collected, and accurately identify and capture deep-sea snailfish in the videos. With this deep learning video processing technology, distribution pattern and biodiversity of the deep-sea organisms will be accomplished efficiently.
Escalating Climate Disasters in the Amazon (2006-2022): Vulnerabilities and Compound Risks
Authors: Pinho Patricia , Silvestrini Rafaella , Fellows Martha , Perez Letícia , Alencar Ane , Guyot Carol , Moutinho Paulo , Lapola David , Stringer Lindsay 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The Amazon, a global biodiversity hotspot and home to ~30 million inhabitants, including numerous Indigenous ethnies, is increasingly vulnerable to climate impacts. Despite global evidence of climate-related disasters, the Brazilian Amazon's exposure remains underexplored. This study elucidates the spatiotemporal dynamics of socioeconomic vulnerabilities to climate disasters, including floods, droughts, heatwaves, fires, and landslides. From 2006 to 2010, an annual average of 540,000 people was affected by climate disasters in the Brazilian Amazon; by 2018-2022, this number surged to 1.78 million annually, a 229% increase. Financial losses rose 377%, from $132.8 million per year (2006-2010) to $634.2 million per year (2018-2022). Smaller municipalities with populations under 50,000, home to 61% of the Amazon’s Indigenous people, experienced an average economic growth loss of 9.58% from 2002 to 2020, along with lower Social Progress Index scores. Our findings highlight compound risks, revealing the urgent need for justice in adaptation for risk reduction. Addressing these vulnerabilities with justice and equity at the forefront is essential to mitigate further social and cultural losses in the Amazon.
Neuroprotective Role of Tocopherol Derivatives in Alzheimer’s Disease: Behavioral and Biochemical Analysis
Authors: Iqbal Zafar , Yousaf Faha , Drakhshaan  , Shahzad Sana , Anwar Fareeha , Shabbir Muhammad Danial , Waseem Syeda Hira 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a terminal disease that results from progressive loss of neurons in the brain leading to cognitive dysfunction, memory loss, and neuroinflammation. The purpose of this investigation was to establish the neurotrophic profile of a newly synthesized naphthalene tocopherol competitive to Vitamin E acetate in an AD mouse model. The learning and memory were examined by the following behavioral paradigms: Fear Conditioning Test, Barnes Maze Test, Elevated Plus Maze Test and Morris Water Maze Test. Immunohistochemical observations were made to assess markers of oxidative stress using MDA, SOD, and GSH and neuroinflammation using IL-6 and TNF-α. The effectiveness was evidenced through the reduction of oxidation stress, reducing cytokines that cause inflammation, and overall enhancements on cognitive functioning among the groups administered with the tocopherol derivative at the dosages of 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg. These findings indicate that tocopherol derivatives could indeed have a more robust neuroprotective activity than the standard Vitamin E with an application in the treatment of AD. Carrying out similar experiments in human would be another approach to confirm these findings as well as determine the molecular basis of their effects.
Europe's Future Industrial Landscape: A Green Industrial Location Attractiveness Index
Authors: Grafström Jonas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Increased gas prices, constraints in nuclear power generation, and diminished hydroelectric production have introduced challenges for Europe, coinciding with an emerging green industrialization. Utilizing data from the European Commission and Eurostat, we introduce the Green Industrial Location Attractiveness Index, a tool designed to help assessing locations of future green industrial developments. Our findings highlight Sweden, Finland, and France as probable destinations for green industrial projects. A revealing geographical divide where northern European countries rank higher compared to their southern counterparts. This analysis enhances our understanding of Europe's changing industrial landscape amidst volatile electricity prices, offering insights for policymakers and investors. An overarching conclusion of the paper is that well-crafted energy policies help mitigate the economic impacts of energy price fluctuations on energy-intensive industries, ensuring that Europe's industrial landscape remain competitive.
JEL classification: Q41, L94, Q42, Q54.
Safety of Hypoxia-Primed Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Umbilical Cord and Adipose Tissuesin Animals
Authors: Dinh Nhung Thi-Hong , Nguyen Quyen Thi , Hang Ngo Thu , Dao Hong-Nhung , Son Le Duc , Ngan Giang Trang , Mao Can Van , Do Xuan-Hai , Hoang Van Thanh , Thanh Liem Nguyen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been applied to treat various diseases. Research has shown that hypoxic conditions (2-9% oxygen) that closely reflect the physiological milieu of numerous human tissues, can enhance the biological activities of MSCs in vitro. While many studies highlight the advantages of hypoxic MSCs in vitro, less is known about their effects in vivo. This study assessed the safety of hypoxia-primed MSCs derived from adipose tissues and umbilical cords (AD-MSCs and UC-MSCs, respectively) in healthy animals.
Methods: MSCs were isolated from human adipose tissues and umbilical cords, designated as AD-MSCs and UC-MSCs, respectively. These cells were cultured under hypoxic conditions with 5% oxygen to induce priming. For safety evaluation, the primed cells were administered to healthy animal models, including rabbits, Swiss mice, and rats. The safety assessments included analyses of vascular and muscular stimulation, systemic hypersensitivity, acute toxicity, and subchronic toxicity.
Results: Our data indicated that UC-MSCs induced vascular stimulation but not muscular stimulation, whereas AD-MSCs caused neither. Additionally, neither AD-MSCs nor UC-MSCs affected hematopoietic parameters (white blood cell, red blood cell, platelet, or hemoglobin levels), altered the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and TNF-α), or induced allergenic responses in rabbits. Furthermore, intravenous injection of either UC-MSCs or AD-MSCs at a dose of 50 × 106 cells/kg did not cause acute toxicity in mice. However, injections of higher doses of these cells led to intravenous thrombosis and embolism in various organs of experimental animals, ultimately resulting in animal death. Finally, according to the subchronic toxicity assay, the administration of MSCs generally did not impact liver, kidney, or spleen function in rats.
Conclusions: Hypoxic MSCs are safe for therapeutic use with consideration of thrombogenic risk and could be alternatives to normoxic MSCs for disease treatment.
Linguistic Precision in Large Language Models with Adaptive Disambiguation and Efficient Monte Carlo Tree Search for Contextual Clarity
Authors: Geline Evan , Evans Robert , Russo Elizabeth , Richardson Daniel , Steinmetz Samuel , Johnson Catherine 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The ability to accurately interpret ambiguous linguistic structures has long been a fundamental challenge in constructing models capable of generating human-like text. Standard approaches to word sense disambiguation have traditionally struggled to maintain precision in contexts where words can carry multiple meanings depending on surrounding content. Introducing an adaptive disambiguation mechanism, enhanced through the integration of Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS), allows for real-time exploration of word sense possibilities and the dynamic refinement of interpretations as additional contextual information becomes available. This combination of probabilistic weighting and structured search enables the model to prioritize the most relevant meanings while efficiently managing computational resources, making it highly adaptable to complex language tasks. A modified Llama model incorporating this approach demonstrated significant improvements in disambiguation accuracy across a range of linguistic benchmarks, including multilingual and domain-specific tasks. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of MCTS in balancing the trade-offs between linguistic precision and computational efficiency, providing a scalable solution to challenges in understanding and generating contextually accurate language.
Climate driven shifts in Antarctic phytoplankton groups: Implications of widespread diatom decline
Authors: Hayward Alexander , Wright Simon W. , Carroll Dustin , Law Cliff , Wongpan Pat , Gutiérrez-Rodriguez Andrés , Pinkerton Matthew H. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The high biomass of diatom-dominated phytoplankton communities is critical for sustaining the iconic Antarctic marine food web. Among Southern Ocean phytoplankton, the abundance of diatoms is particularly important as this group is selectively grazed by krill — which are the crucial prey of whales, penguins, and fish. Diatoms also play a key role in biogeochemical cycling and carbon export. Here we show drastic changes in the taxonomic composition of Antarctic phytoplankton over the past 26 years, driven by factors such as declining sea ice concentration, reduced iron availability, and warming. Using a machine learning approach trained on 14,824 historic pigment samples, we show that the proportion of Antarctic diatoms has substantially declined by 18% (-7% per decade), whilst the proportion of other smaller, less-grazed phytoplankton groups, such as haptophytes and cryptophytes, increased by 6–10%. We find that 65–74% of the Antarctic continental shelf had statistically significant trends in the proportion of one or more phytoplankton taxonomic groups (p < 0.05). These recent shifts in phytoplankton assemblages will have reduced food availability for grazers and thus Antarctica’s top predators, whilst also diminishing the biological pump and export, likely increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels.
Impact of Information Systems on Sales Growth: A Case Study of Iranian Oil Manufacturing Companies
Authors: Parvin Mohammad , Ramyar Fatemeh 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The modern condition of business environments has made use of some processes and systems to control effects of such environments and continuity of activity through the organizations “inevitable”. From among these processes and systems, it can be referred to the most important one i.e. sales and marketing information system. This research was carried out with the aim of studying role of sales and marketing information systems in increase of companies’ sales rate through the use of descriptive-survey research method. The present study includes seven (7) hypotheses. Senior managers and marketing managers of five vegetable oil production companies are considered subject of this study, in which, its sample size was calculated 93 persons through the use of Cochran Formula. Simple random sampling method was used for selecting sample.
Questionnaire was used for collecting data. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained 0.96 through Cronbach’s Alpha Method. The results of statistical tests showed that sales and marketing information systems are effective in increase of companies’ sales rate.
Artificial Intelligence Enhanced Environmental
Detection System
Authors: Wang Xiaoyin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This paper presents a novel approach to improve the accuracy of environmental detection and prediction by incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) technology into existing detection systems. At the heart of our approach lies the combination of a complex AI model with the hardware and software components of the inspection system. This combined approach can significantly improve the accuracy of detection systems through greater ability to predict environmental changes and events, underscoring the superior performance of hardware and software combined with AI technology. This paper delves into the details of hardware and software design, and discusses measurement implementation methods using a build-down machine. We also explore the practical application of AI models within the framework described above. In addition, this paper also describes the implementation of communication protocols to ensure the effective data exchange between the system network and the artificial intelligence model. These protocols are essential for the real-time processing and analysis of environmental data, enabling systems to respond quickly to detected changes.
Problematic Social Media Use and Depression among Addis Ababa University Students, Ethiopia: Institutional based Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Mekonnen Haileleul , Yacobe Bemnet , Assafaw Assamin , Aberra Hiwotemedhin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Problematic social media use (PSMU) and its potential link to depression among university students have become significant areas of concern. This study aims to explore the prevalence of PSMU and its relationship with depression symptoms and identify demographic factors associated with level of depression among undergraduate students at Addis Ababa University's main campus.
Methods
An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 316 students using a stratified random sampling method from March to April 2024. Data were collected using standardized questionnaires, including the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were employed to analyze the data.
Results
The study found that 17.1% of the respondents exhibited problematic social media use. Additionally, the prevalence of depression was found to be 77 (24.3%:95% CI :19.7-29.5) with 4.4% of the participant found to have severe depression.
The odds of depression are 1.6 times higher in those compared to non-problematic social media users (AOR = 1.62; 95% CI: 1.4-1.8; p < 0.0001). Moreover, individuals who frequently use social media to watch pornography have a 14 times greater likelihood of experiencing depression compared to those who do not watch pornography at all. Compared to men, female students report greater levels of depression.
Conclusions
The findings indicate a high prevalence of PSMU among undergraduate students at Addis Ababa University and a significant association with depression symptoms. These results highlight the need for targeted interventions to address PSMU and its mental health implications among university students.
Nonlinear optimal control of the 6-DOF parallel Stewart robotic platform
Authors: Rigatos Gerasimos , Cuccurullo Gennaro , Siano Pierluigi , Abbaszadeh Masoud , AL-Numay Mohammed , Zouari Farouk 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

A new nonlinear optimal control method is proposed for solving the problem of control and stabilization of the 6-DOF parallel Stewart robotic platform. This parallel robotic platform is proven to be differentially flat. The dynamic model of this robotic system undergoes first approximate linearization around a temporary operating point that is updated at each iteration of the control algorithm. The linearization takes place through first-order Taylor series expansion and through the computation of the Jacobian matrices of the system's state-space description. For the approximately linearized model of the parallel robotic platform an H-infinity feedback controller is designed. Actually, the H-infinity controller stands for the solution of the optimal control problem for the parallel robotic platform's dynamic model under uncertainty and external perturbations. For the computation of the feedback gain of the H-infinity controller an algebraic Riccati equation is solved at each time-step of the control method. The stability properties of the control algorithm are proven through Lyapunov analysis. First, it shown that the control scheme achieves the H-infinity tracking performance which signifies elevated robustness for the control loop of the 6-DOF robotic platform against model uncertainties and external perturbations. Next,it is also shown that the control loop of the parallel robotic platform is globally asymptotically stable. The proposed control method achieves fast and accurate tracking of setpoints under moderate variations of the control inputs.
The effectiveness of complex treatment of endothelial dysfunction in patients with primary open angle glaucoma
Authors: Dusmukhamedova A. M. , Tuychibaeva D. M. , Khadzhimetov A. A. 
Published: October 2024

Currently, endothelial vascular dysfunction, leading to ischemia of the optic disc and compression of the optic nerve axons, is considered to be one of the main mechanisms underlying the development of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Purpose: to assess the severity of endothelial dysfunction (ED) in patients with different stages of POAG receiving complex therapy. Material and methods. 94 POAG patients were divided into three groups depending on the type of treatment. Group 1 (29 patients, control) received traditional therapy: 1 % emoxypine parabular injections, 5 % pyridoxine hydrochloride and 5 % ascorbic acid intramuscularly, and piracetam tablets. Group 2 (34 patients) additionally received combined therapy: Clexan 4000 iu, 0.5 mg lymphotropically and Omega-3 capsules. Group 3 (31 patients) received, in addition to traditional therapy, Clexan 4000 iu, 0.5 mg lymphotropically, intravenous injections of 10 ml Cytoflavin dissolved in 200 ml of 5 % glucose solution (later to be replaced by tablets), and 1 capsule of Omega-3 three times a day for one month. Before and after the course of treatment, levels of endothelin-1, VEGF and Willebrand factor in blood serum were measured by immunoenzymatic assays using Human test systems (Germany). Results. Traditional treatment of the patients’ cohort provides an insignificant reduction of endothelin-1 but does not affect endothelial dysfunction. Complex therapy with the addition of Clexan and Omega-3 helped reduce the amount of endothelin-1 and the Willebrand factor. The most pronounced changes were observed when cytoflavin was added: from 42.9 ± 3.4 ng/ml to 34.9 ± 2.9 ng/ml and from 50.8 ± 4.7 ng/ml to 32.1 ± 2.4 ng/ml, respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusion. An increased level of endothelin-1 and Willebrand factor, as well as a low VEGF level in POAG patients indicate the role of these pathogenetic factors in the formation of endothelial dysfunction. The correction of ED marker levels in patients with different POAG stages using the proposed compound therapy confirm its effectiveness.
Cassia alata: Helminth and Bacteria Fighter
Authors: Elshershaby Rabab E. , Dkhil Mohamed A. , Dar Yasser , Abdel-Gaber Rewaida , Delic Denis , Helal Ibrahim B. 
Published: October 2024

Introduction:
The concurrent presence of helminthiasis and bacterial diseases imposes
a dual burden, worsening the challenges associated with each condition independently. This
cohabitation intensifies the economic impact, creating a compounding effect on public health
and economic well-being.

Method:
Phytochemical analysis of Cassia alata Extract (CAE) using infrared spectroscopy has
revealed the presence of various functional groups. In addition, GC mass analysis has confirmed
the presence of 26 active compounds. An assessment of the anthelmintic activity of CAE against
mature earthworms has demonstrated comparable efficacy to the conventional anthelmintic, albendazole.
The optimal dosage of 500 mg/ml has induced a rapid onset of paralysis (2.7 ± 0.5
min) and death (20.1 ± 1.7 min), outperforming albendazole (20 mg/mL) in terms of faster paralysis
and death times (21.8 ± 1.1 and 30.14 ± 3.2 min, respectively). Structural modifications
induced by CAE have been observed through light microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy
(SEM). Control worms have exhibited normal body architecture, while CAE-treated worms
have displayed size reduction, uniform body wall shrinkage, and increased cuticular thickness.
Similar alterations have been observed in albendazole-treated worms.

Results:
The antibacterial activity of CAE has been evaluated through a broth dilution assay,
which has revealed a dose-response effect. At 6.25 mg/ml, CAE has exhibited 100% inhibitory
action against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Significant differences in bacterial
viability have been noted at lower concentrations, with no significant variation at 0.3906
mg/ml of CAE.

Conclusion:
The findings have highlighted the multifaceted bioactivity of CAE, showcasing its
potential as an anthelmintic agent and antimicrobial agent against a spectrum of bacterial strains.
The observed structural alterations in treated worms have provided insights into the potential
mechanisms underlying the anthelmintic effects.
The Mechanisms and Quality Markers of Anti-rheumatoid Arthritis of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Authors: Adu Mozili , Qiu Yongwei , Ma Qinge , Zhong Guoyue , Guo Jia-Zeng , Wei Rongrui 
Published: October 2024

Background:
RA is a recurrent autoimmune disease that has significant adverse effects
on the physical and mental health of patients. Traditional Chinese medicine has shown
significant advantages in the prevention and treatment of RA. Numerous clinical and experimental
studies have confirmed that traditional Chinese medicine components have clear therapeutic
effects and minimal adverse reactions in treating RA. The research on traditional Chinese
medicine for the prevention and treatment of RA has become a hot topic in the field of autoimmune
diseases.

Methods:
The related references about the mechanisms and Q-markers of anti-RA of traditional
Chinese medicine in this review were collected from Willy, SpringLink, Web of Science, Elsevier,
PubMed, SciFinder, Scopus, ACS publications, Baidu Scholar, Google Scholar, and
CNKI.

Results:
The traditional Chinese medicine components such as terpenoids, flavonoids, and alkaloids
have significant anti-RA effects, and their mechanisms are mainly to inhibit NF-κB
signaling pathway, inhibit the proliferation of RA fibroblasts like synovial cells, and regulate
Th1/Th2 cell balance, and so on. Predicting and studying the Q-markers of traditional Chinese
medicine anti-RA by plant phylogeny and chemical componentss, traditional medicinal properties,
pharmacokinetics, component measurability, correlation between composition and efficacy,
and gut microbiota will provide scientific foundations for the research and further development
of anti-RA traditional Chinese medicine.

Conclusions:
The active components of traditional Chinese medicine exhibited the characteristic
of multiple mechanisms in the treatment of RA, such as terpenoids had anti-angiogenesis effects,
flavonoids had anti-inflammatory and cartilage protective effects, and alkaloids had antiinflammatory
and analgesic effects. The proposal of Q-markers for anti-RA provided new research
ideas for promoting the development of new drugs for anti-RA and ensuring the safety
and effectiveness of clinical medications.