bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Connecting the Failure of K Theory inside and above Vegetation Canopies and Ejection–Sweep Cycles by a Large-Eddy Simulation
Authors: Banerjee Tirtha , De Roo Frederik , Mauder Matthias 
Published: October 2017

AbstractParameterizations of biosphere–atmosphere interaction processes in climate models and other hydrological applications require characterization of turbulent transport of momentum and scalars between vegetation canopies and the atmosphere, which is often modeled using a turbulent analogy to molecular diffusion processes. Simple flux–gradient approaches (K theory) fail for canopy turbulence, however. One cause is turbulent transport by large coherent eddies at the canopy scale, which can be linked to sweep–ejection events and bear signatures of nonlocal organized eddy motions. The K theory, which parameterizes the turbulent flux or stress proportional to the local concentration or velocity gradient, fails to account for these nonlocal organized motions. The connection to sweep–ejection cycles and the local turbulent flux can be traced back to the turbulence triple moment . In this work, large-eddy simulation is used to investigate the diagnostic connection between the failure of K theory and sweep–ejection motions. Analyzed schemes are quadrant analysis and complete and incomplete cumulant expansion methods. The latter approaches introduce a turbulence time scale in the modeling. Furthermore, it is found that the momentum flux and sensible heat flux need different formulations for the turbulence time scale. Accounting for buoyancy in stratified conditions is also deemed important in addition to accounting for nonlocal events to predict the correct momentum or scalar fluxes.
A Recent Shift in the Monsoon Centers Associated with the Tropospheric Biennial Oscillation
Authors: Wang Lei , Yu Jin-Yi 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The tropospheric biennial oscillation (TBO) is conventionally considered to involve transitions between the Indian and Australian summer monsoons and the interactions between these two monsoons and the underlying Indo-Pacific Oceans. Here it is shown that, since the early 1990s, the TBO has evolved to mainly involve the transitions between the western North Pacific (WNP) and Australian monsoons. In this framework, the WNP monsoon replaces the Indian monsoon as the active Northern Hemisphere TBO monsoon center during recent decades. This change is found to be caused by stronger Pacific–Atlantic coupling and an increased influence of the tropical Atlantic Ocean on the Indian and WNP monsoons. The increased Atlantic Ocean influence damps the Pacific Ocean influence on the Indian summer monsoon (leading to a decrease in its variability) but amplifies the Pacific Ocean influence on the WNP summer monsoon (leading to an increase in its variability). These results suggest that the Pacific–Atlantic interactions have become more important to the TBO dynamics during recent decades.
Living Too Long? Exploring Attitudes Toward Reaching 100 Years Old
Authors: Ribeiro Oscar , Canedo Sofia , Cerqueira Margarida , Nascimento Ana , Teixeira Laetitia 
Published: October 2017

Objective This study analyses the relationship between pro- and anti-longevity attitudes, attitudes toward centenarians, and the wish to reach 100 years of age in a sample of community dwelling older adults. Methods Participants ( N = 137) completed a questionnaire on attitudes toward life-extension and an aging semantic differential using centenarians as an attitudinal target. Sociodemographic information, perceived health status, and information on knowing a centenarian were also obtained. A cluster analysis was used to identify subgroups (leaning anti-longevity group vs. leaning prolongevity group), and their associations with personal attributes were tested using logistic regression models. Results Most respondents said they would wish to reach 100 years old (54.7%) and presented a leaning positive attitude toward centenarians (52.6%). Holding a negative attitude toward centenarians rather than any other attribute increases the odds of having more negative attitudes toward life extension. Conclusion Results stress the importance of social views on extreme longevity in shaping life extension attitudes.
Integrating CHWs as Part of the Team Leading Diabetes Group Visits: A Randomized Controlled Feasibility Study
Authors: Vaughan Elizabeth M. , Johnston Craig A. , Cardenas Victor J. , Moreno Jennette P. , Foreyt John P. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose The purpose of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of integrating Community Health Workers (CHWs) as part of the team leading diabetes group visits. Methods This was a randomized controlled study that integrated CHWs as part of the team leading diabetes group visits for low-income Hispanic adults (n = 50). Group visits met for 3 hours each month for a 6-month duration. Main measures included baseline and 6-month clinical outcomes (ie, A1C, lipids), concordance with 8 standard of care guidelines (ie, screens for cervical, breast, and colon cancer) from the US Preventive Task Force and American Diabetes Association, and participant acceptability. Results Compared to control participants, the intervention group resulted in significantly better clinical outcomes or guideline concordance for the following areas: target A1C levels, retinal eye exams, diabetes foot exams, mammograms, and urine microalbumin. Significantly more individuals in the control group gained weight, whereas a greater number of participants in the intervention group lost weight. Intervention participants found the group visits highly acceptable. Conclusions Integrating CHWs as part a comprehensive diabetes group visit program is a feasible and effective system-level intervention to improve glycemic control and achieve guideline concordance.
In vivo 13C MRS in the mouse brain at 14.1 Tesla and metabolic flux quantification under infusion of [1,6-13C2]glucose
Authors: Lai Marta , Lanz Bernard , Poitry-Yamate Carole , Romero Jackeline F , Berset Corina M , Cudalbu Cristina , Gruetter Rolf 
Published: October 2017

In vivo 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) enables the investigation of cerebral metabolic compartmentation while, e.g. infusing 13C-labeled glucose. Metabolic flux analysis of 13C turnover previously yielded quantitative information of glutamate and glutamine metabolism in humans and rats, while the application to in vivo mouse brain remains exceedingly challenging. In the present study, 13C direct detection at 14.1 T provided highly resolved in vivo spectra of the mouse brain while infusing [1,6-13C2]glucose for up to 5 h. 13C incorporation to glutamate and glutamine C4, C3, and C2 and aspartate C3 were detected dynamically and fitted to a two-compartment model: flux estimation of neuron-glial metabolism included tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) flux in astrocytes (Vg = 0.16 ± 0.03 µmol/g/min) and neurons (VTCAn = 0.56 ± 0.03 µmol/g/min), pyruvate carboxylase activity (VPC = 0.041 ± 0.003 µmol/g/min) and neurotransmission rate (VNT = 0.084 ± 0.008 µmol/g/min), resulting in a cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRglc) of 0.38 ± 0.02 µmol/g/min, in excellent agreement with that determined with concomitant 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18FDG PET).We conclude that modeling of neuron-glial metabolism in vivo is accessible in the mouse brain from 13C direct detection with an unprecedented spatial resolution under [1,6-13C2]glucose infusion.
Comparison of 2 Exercise Rehabilitation Programs for Multidirectional Instability of the Glenohumeral Joint: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Warby Sarah A. , Ford Jon J. , Hahne Andrew J. , Watson Lyn , Balster Simon , Lenssen Ross , Pizzari Tania 
Published: October 2017

Background: The recommended initial treatment for multidirectional instability (MDI) of the shoulder is a rehabilitation program, yet there is very low-quality evidence to support this approach. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose was to compare the Watson MDI program and Rockwood Instability program among patients with nontraumatic, nonstructural MDI. The hypothesis was that the Watson MDI program would produce clinically and statistically superior outcomes over the Rockwood Instability program. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Forty-one participants with MDI were randomly allocated to the Watson MDI or Rockwood Instability program. Participants attended 12 weekly physiotherapy sessions for exercise prescription. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and 6, 12, and 24 weeks after randomization. Primary outcomes were the Melbourne Instability Shoulder Score (MISS) and the Western Ontario Shoulder Index (WOSI). Secondary outcomes included the Orebro Musculoskeletal Pain Questionnaire, pain, muscle strength, scapular upward rotation, scapular coordinates, global rating of change, satisfaction scales, limiting angle in abduction range, limiting factor in abduction range, and incidence of dislocation. Primary analysis was by intention to treat based on linear mixed models. Results: Between-group differences showed significant effects favoring the Watson program for the WOSI (effect size [ES], 11.1; 95% CI, 1.9-20.2; P = .018) and for the limiting factor in abduction (ES, 0.1; 95% CI, 0.0-1.6; P = .023) at 12 weeks, and for the WOSI (ES, 12.6; 95% CI, 3.4-21.9; P =. 008), MISS (ES, 15.4; 95% CI, 5.9-24.8; P = .002), and pain (ES, -2.0; CI: -2.3 to -0.7, P = .003) at 24 weeks. Conclusion: For people with MDI, 12 sessions of the Watson MDI program were more effective than the Rockwood program at 12- and 24-week follow-up. Registration: ACTRN12613001240730 (Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry).
Cardiac rehabilitation after percutaneous coronary intervention: Results from a nationwide survey
Authors: Olsen Siv JS , Schirmer Henrik , Bønaa Kaare H , Hanssen Tove A 
Published: October 2017

Aim: The purpose of this study was to estimate the proportion of Norwegian coronary heart disease patients participating in cardiac rehabilitation programmes after percutaneous coronary intervention, and to determine predictors of cardiac rehabilitation participation. Methods: Participants were patients enrolled in the Norwegian Coronary Stent Trial. We assessed cardiac rehabilitation participation in 9013 of these patients who had undergone their first percutaneous coronary intervention during 2008–2011. Of these, 7068 patients (82%) completed a self-administered questionnaire on cardiac rehabilitation participation within three years after their percutaneous coronary intervention. Results: Twenty-eight per cent of the participants reported engaging in cardiac rehabilitation. Participation rate differed among the four regional health authorities in Norway, varying from 20%–31%. Patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for an acute coronary syndrome were more likely to participate in cardiac rehabilitation than patients with stable angina (odds ratio 3.2; 95% confidence interval 2.74–3.76). A multivariate statistical model revealed that men had a 28% lower probability ( p<0.001) of participating in cardiac rehabilitation, and the odds of attending cardiac rehabilitation decreased with increasing age ( p<0.001). Contributors to higher odds of cardiac rehabilitation participation were educational level >12 years (odds ratio 1.50; 95% confidence interval 1.32–1.71) and body mass index>25 (odds ratio 1.19; 95% confidence interval 1.05–1.36). Prior coronary artery bypass graft was associated with lower odds of cardiac rehabilitation participation (odds ratio 0.47; 95% confidence interval 0.32–0.70) Conclusion: The estimated cardiac rehabilitation participation rate among patients undergoing first-time percutaneous coronary intervention is low in Norway. The typical participant is young, overweight, well-educated, and had an acute coronary event. These results varied by geographical region.
Electrocardiographic unrecognized myocardial infarction does not improve prediction of cardiovascular events beyond traditional risk factors. The Tromsø Study
Authors: Øhrn Andrea Milde , Schirmer Henrik , Njølstad Inger , Mathiesen Ellisiv B , Eggen Anne E , Løchen Maja-Lisa , Wilsgaard Tom , Lindekleiv Haakon 
Published: October 2017

Background Unrecognized myocardial infarction (MI) is a frequent and intriguing entity associated with a similar risk of death as recognized MI. Previous studies have not fully addressed whether the poor prognosis is explained by traditional cardiovascular risk factors. We investigated whether electrocardiographically detected unrecognized MI was independently associated with cardiovascular events and death and whether it improved prediction for future MI in a general population. Design Prospective cohort study. Methods We studied 5686 women and men without clinically recognized MI at baseline in 2007–2008. We assessed the risk of future MI, stroke and all-cause mortality in persons with unrecognized MI compared with persons with no MI during 31,051 person-years of follow-up. Results In the unadjusted analyses, unrecognized MI was associated with increased risk of future recognized MI (hazard ratio 1.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15–2.96) and all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.78, 95% CI 1.21–2.61), but not stroke (hazard ratio 1.09, 95% CI 0.56–2.17). The associations did not remain significant after adjustment for traditional risk factors (hazard ratio 1.25, 95% CI 0.76–2.06 and hazard ratio 1.38, 95% CI 0.93–2.05) for MI and all-cause mortality respectively. Unrecognized MI did not improve risk prediction for future recognized MI using the Framingham Risk Score ( p = 0.96) or the European Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation ( p = 0.65). There was no significant sex interaction regarding any of the endpoints. Conclusion Electrocardiographic unrecognized MI was not significantly associated with future risk of MI, stroke or all-cause mortality in the general population after adjustment for the traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and it did not improve prediction of future MI.
Measurement of Tibial Tuberosity–Trochlear Groove Offset Distance by Weightbearing Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Scan
Authors: Marzo John M. , Kluczynski Melissa A. , Notino Anthony , Bisson Leslie J. 
Published: October 2017

Background: Computed tomography (CT) scans are useful for objectively measuring bone alignment because they show bone detail particularly well, and these scans have been used extensively to assess patellar orientation. The tibial tubercle–trochlear groove (TT-TG) offset distance has been shown to be influenced by knee flexion and weightbearing, yet conventional CT scans are obtained with the subject relaxed, supine, and with the knee in full extension. A new cone-beam CT scanner has been designed to allow for weightbearing images, potentially providing a more physiologically relevant assessment of patellofemoral alignment. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to measure the TT-TG offset in healthy individuals without any history of knee complaints when CT scans were obtained while fully weightbearing on a flexed knee. Our hypothesis was that the TT-TG offset measurement in these healthy knees would be reproducible and less than the historically reported normal range. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Twenty healthy volunteers without any history of knee complaint were recruited to undergo a weightbearing cone-beam CT scan of the knee flexed at 30°. The scans were reviewed by a radiologist and an orthopaedic surgeon, and TT-TG offset was measured using the digital tools of a picture archiving and communication system. Paired t tests were used to compare TT-TG offset on 2 separate occasions for both raters. Inter- and intrarater reliability were assessed using a 2-way mixed-effects model intraclass correlation coefficient with corresponding 95% confidence intervals for TT-TG offset. Results: The mean TT-TG offset was 2.7 mm. There were no statistically significant differences in TT-TG offset between raters ( Prater1 = .70; Prater2 = .49) and time of read ( Ptime1 = .83; Ptime2 = .19). Good to moderate interrater reliability was found at the time of both reads, and good intrarater reliability was found for both raters. Conclusion: When measured by CT scan and obtained from a subject while weightbearing on a flexed knee, the TT-TG offset is reproducible and the distance is less than that obtained via a conventional CT scan.
Occurrence of tosudite in the Guezouman, Tarat and Tchirezrine 2 formations, hosts of uranium deposits in Niger (Tim Mersoï basin)
Authors: Billon Sophie , Patrier Patricia , Beaufort Daniel , Sardini Paul , Wattinne-Morice Aurélia 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTosudite, a regularly interstratified chlorite-smectite, crystallizes as an alteration mineral of several preexisting Al-bearing silicates (feldspars, kaolin minerals, chlorites) present in arkosic sandstones hosted in uranium deposits in Niger. X-ray diffraction patterns show a sharp superstructure at 29–29.6 Å for an air-dried state and a peak at 30.8–31.6 Å following ethylene glycol solvation. The 060 reflection at 1.507–1.509 Å indicates an overall dioctahedral character, and the very low coefficient of variation of the d00l reflections for the solvated mineral (0.03–0.13) permits validation of the regular interstratification justifying its identification as tosudite. Microprobe analysis allowed specification of the component layers of this mixed-layer mineral. The chlorite is a di-trioctahedral type analogous to sudoite (Si3Al4Mg2(OH)8), and the smectite component is a low-charge montmorillonite type Tosudite is characterized by large Al2O3 and MgO contents and small Fe content; its composition corresponds approximately to the formula where octahedral occupancy is ∼7. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations show that tosudite is closely associated with some uranium minerals: tosudite crystallization occurred during a late alteration event which post-dates burial diagenesis and during which uranium was remobilized by Mg-rich oxidizing fluids.
Dissolution of the chrysotile structure in nitric-acid solutions at different pH
Authors: Hongo Teruhisa 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe nitric-acid dissolution of chrysotile was investigated with the aim of revealing the effect of pH on its structure. Chrysotile becomes more soluble at lower pH, with the octahedral, brucite sheet more readily dissolved than the tetrahedral sheet. The dissolution of the brucite sheet increases the pH of the solvent, because of the release of OH− groups along with the Mg2+ ions. At pH 2.00, the characteristic cylindrical fibre bundle structure of chrysotile is retained after dissolution, although the outside surface of each fibre becomes rough. Chrysotile remains fibrous upon dissolution at pH 1.08, but the fibres are no longer crystalline and their cylindrical structure collapses. The nitric-acid treatments result in an increase in both the specific surface area and the pore volume of chrysotile.
Palaeoclimatic implications of high-resolution clay mineral assemblages preceding and across the onset of the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum, North Sea Basin
Authors: Kemp Simon J. , Ellis Michael A. , Mounteney Ian , Kender Sev 
Published: October 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the composition of clay-rich sediments and their transportation into proximal marine basins allows us to better decipher hydroclimatic changes before and within the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). Only a limited number of such studies exists from the North Sea Basin, which was proximal to the volcanic activity and early rifting hypothesized to have triggered the PETM. The present study examines core material from well 22/10a-4, UK North Sea, as it exhibits an exceptionally expanded and almost stratigraphically complete fine-grained sedimentary sequence suitable for high-resolution analysis.QuantitativeNewmod-for-Windows™-modelled clay mineral assemblages, rather than traditional semi-quantitative estimates, are dominated by smectite-rich, interlayered illite-smectite that probably developed from volcanogenic deposits on continental landmasses. Soil development before the PETM is consistent with the existence of a seasonal tropical climate with a prolonged dry season. A striking rise and fall of kaolinite content within the PETM onset, prior to the principal carbon-isotope excursion, is reported here. This variation is interpreted as a signal of an enhanced hydrologic cycle producing an increase in erosionally derived kaolinite, followed by a dampening of this detrital source as sea-levels rose. Global variations in PETM kaolinite concentrations are consistent with a latitudinal shift in patterns of precipitation in models of global warming.
Disorders of erythrocyte hydration
Authors: Gallagher Patrick G. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The erythrocyte contains a network of pathways that regulate salt and water content in the face of extracellular and intracellular osmotic perturbations. This allows the erythrocyte to maintain a narrow range of cell hemoglobin concentration, a process critical for normal red blood cell function and survival. Primary disorders that perturb volume homeostasis jeopardize the erythrocyte and may lead to its premature destruction. These disorders are marked by clinical, laboratory, and physiologic heterogeneity. Recent studies have revealed that these disorders are also marked by genetic heterogeneity. They have implicated roles for several proteins, PIEZO1, a mammalian mechanosensory protein; GLUT1, the glucose transporter; SLC4A1, the anion transporter; RhAG, the Rh-associated glycoprotein; KCNN4, the Gardos channel; and ABCB6, an adenosine triphosphate–binding cassette family member, in the maintenance of erythrocyte volume homeostasis. Secondary disorders of erythrocyte hydration include sickle cell disease, thalassemia, hemoglobin CC, and hereditary spherocytosis, where cellular dehydration may be a significant contributor to disease pathology and clinical complications. Understanding the pathways regulating erythrocyte water and solute content may reveal innovative strategies to maintain normal volume in disorders associated with primary or secondary cellular dehydration. These mechanisms will serve as a paradigm for other cells and may reveal new therapeutic targets for disease prevention and treatment beyond the erythrocyte.
Oncogenetic mutations combined with MRD improve outcome prediction in pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Petit Arnaud , Trinquand Amélie , Chevret Sylvie , Ballerini Paola , Cayuela Jean-Michel , Grardel Nathalie , Touzart Aurore , Brethon Benoit , Lapillonne Hélène , Schmitt Claudine , Thouvenin Sandrine , Michel Gerard , Preudhomme Claude , Soulier Jean , Landman-Parker Judith , Leverger Guy , Macintyre Elizabeth , Baruchel André , Asnafi Vahid 
Published: October 2017

Key PointsIn pediatric T-ALL, oncogenetic markers, MRD, and WBC count are independent predictors of outcome. These factors should be used together for individual treatment stratification.
Agonistic targeting of TLR1/TLR2 induces p38 MAPK-dependent apoptosis and NFκB-dependent differentiation of AML cells
Authors: Eriksson Mia , Peña-Martínez Pablo , Ramakrishnan Ramprasad , Chapellier Marion , Högberg Carl , Glowacki Gabriella , Orsmark-Pietras Christina , Velasco-Hernández Talía , Lazarević Vladimir Lj , Juliusson Gunnar , Cammenga Jörg , Mulloy James C. , Richter Johan , Fioretos Thoas , Ebert Benjamin L. , Järås Marcus 
Published: October 2017

Key Points
TLR1 is upregulated on primitive AML cells. Agonistic targeting of TLR1/TLR2 induces apoptosis and differentiation of primitive AML cells in vivo.