bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of hypertension healthcare outcomes among older people in the USA and England
Authors: Marshall Alan , Nazroo James , Feeney Kevin , Lee Jinkook , Vanhoutte Bram , Pendleton Neil 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundThe USA and England have very different health systems. Comparing hypertension care outcomes in each country enables an evaluation of the effectiveness of each system.MethodThe English Longitudinal Study of Ageing and the Health and Retirement Survey are used to compare the prevalence of controlled, uncontrolled and undiagnosed hypertension within the hypertensive population (diagnosed or measured within the survey data used) aged 50 years and above in the USA and in England.ResultsControlled hypertension is more prevalent within the hypertensive population in the USA (age 50–64: 0.53 (0.50 to 0.57) and age 65+: 0.51 (0.49 to 0.53)) than in England (age 50–64: 0.45 (0.42 to 0.48) and age 65+: 0.42 (0.40 to 0.45)). This difference is driven by lower undiagnosed hypertension in the USA (age 50–64: 0.18 (0.15–0.21) and age 65+: 0.13 (0.12 to 0.14)) relative to England (age 50–64: 0.26 (0.24 to 0.29) and age 65+: 0.22 (0.20 to 0.24)). The prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension within the hypertensive population is very similar in the USA (age 50–64: 0.29 (0.26 to 0.32) and age 65+: 0.36 (0.34 to 0.38)) and England (age 50–64: 0.29 (0.26 to 0.32) and age 65+: 0.36 (0.34 to 0.39)). Hypertension care outcomes are comparable across US insurance categories. In both countries, undiagnosed hypertension is positively correlated with wealth (ages 50–64). Uncontrolled hypertension declines with rising wealth in the USA.ConclusionsDifferent diagnostic practices are likely to drive the cross-country differences in undiagnosed hypertension. US government health systems perform at least as well as private healthcare and are more equitable in the distribution of care outcomes. Higher undiagnosed hypertension among the affluent may reflect less frequent medical contact.
Larotonda spaces: Homogeneous spaces and conditional expectations
Authors: Andruchow Esteban , Recht Lázaro 
Published: November 2015

We define a Larotonda space as a quotient space [Formula: see text] of the unitary groups of [Formula: see text]-algebras [Formula: see text] with a faithful unital conditional expectation [Formula: see text] In particular, [Formula: see text] is complemented in [Formula: see text], a fact which implies that [Formula: see text] has [Formula: see text] differentiable structure, with the topology induced by the norm of [Formula: see text]. The conditional expectation also allows one to define a reductive structure (in particular, a linear connection) and a [Formula: see text]-invariant Finsler metric in [Formula: see text]. Given a point [Formula: see text] and a tangent vector [Formula: see text], we consider the problem of whether the geodesic [Formula: see text] of the linear connection satisfying these initial data is (locally) minimal for the metric. We find a sufficient condition. Several examples are given, of locally minimal geodesics.
What do we do when the jobs are gone, and why we must embrace active learning
Authors: Vardi Moshe Y. , Guzdial Mark 
Published: November 2015

The
Communications
Web site, http://cacm.acm.org, features more than a dozen bloggers in the BLOG@CACM community. In each issue of
Communications
, we'll publish selected posts or excerpts.

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http://cacm.acm.org/blogs/blog-cacm
Moshe Y. Vardi ponders the outlook for people when all work is automated, while Mark Guzdial emphasizes the importance of Active Learning in teaching computer science.
Diagnostic Metabolomic Blood Tests for Endoluminal Gastrointestinal Cancer—A Systematic Review and Assessment of Quality
Authors: Antonowicz Stefan , Kumar Sacheen , Wiggins Tom , Markar Sheraz R. , Hanna George B. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Advances in analytics have resulted in metabolomic blood tests being developed for the detection of cancer. This systematic review aims to assess the diagnostic accuracy of blood-based metabolomic biomarkers for endoluminal gastrointestinal (GI) cancer. Using endoscopic diagnosis as a reference standard, methodologic and reporting quality was assessed using validated tools, in addition to pathway-based informatics to biologically contextualize discriminant features. Twenty-nine studies (15 colorectal, 9 esophageal, 3 gastric, and 2 mixed) with data from 10,835 participants were included. All reported significant differences in hematologic metabolites. In pooled analysis, 246 metabolites were found to be significantly different after multiplicity correction. Incremental metabolic flux with disease progression was frequently reported. Two promising candidates have been validated in independent populations (both colorectal biomarkers), and one has been approved for clinical use. Networks analysis suggested modulation of elements of up to half of Edinburgh Human Metabolic Network subdivisions, and that the poor clinical applicability of commonly modulated metabolites could be due to extensive molecular interconnectivity. Methodologic and reporting quality was assessed as moderate-to-poor. Serum metabolomics holds promise for GI cancer diagnostics; however, future efforts must adhere to consensus standardization initiatives, utilize high-resolution discovery analytics, and compare candidate biomarkers with peer nonendoscopic alternatives. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(1); 6–15. ©2015 AACR.
Long-Term Impact of the Dutch Colorectal Cancer Screening Program on Cancer Incidence and Mortality—Model-Based Exploration of the Serrated Pathway
Authors: Greuter Marjolein J.E. , Demirel Erhan , Lew Jie-Bin , Berkhof Johannes , Xu Xiang-Ming , Canfell Karen , Dekker Evelien , Meijer Gerrit A. , Coupé Veerle M.H. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Background: We aimed to predict the long-term colorectal cancer incidence, mortality, and colonoscopy demand of the recently implemented Dutch colorectal cancer screening program.
Methods: The Adenoma and Serrated pathway to Colorectal Cancer model was set up to simulate the Dutch screening program consisting of biennial fecal immunochemical testing combined with the new Dutch surveillance guidelines, between 2014 and 2044. The impact of screening and surveillance was evaluated under three sets of natural history assumptions differing in the contribution of the serrated pathway to colorectal cancer incidence. In sensitivity analyses, other assumptions concerning the serrated pathway were varied. Model-predicted outcomes were yearly colorectal cancer incidence, mortality, and colonoscopy demand per year.
Results: Assuming an aging population, colorectal cancer incidence under 30 years of screening is predicted to decrease by 35% and 31% for a contribution of 0% and 30% of the serrated pathway to colorectal cancer, respectively. For colorectal cancer mortality, reductions are 47% and 45%. In 2044, 110,000 colonoscopies will be required annually assuming no contribution of the serrated pathway (27 per 1,000 individuals in the screening age range). Including the serrated pathway influences predicted screening effectiveness if serrated lesions are neither detected nor treated at colonoscopy, and/or if colorectal cancers arising from serrated lesions have substantially lower survival rates than those arising from adenomas.
Conclusions: The Dutch screening program will markedly decrease colorectal cancer incidence and mortality but considerable colonoscopy resources will be required.
Impact: Predictions of long-term screening effectiveness are preferably based on both pathways to colorectal cancer to transparently describe the impact of uncertainties regarding the serrated pathway on long-term predictions. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(1); 135–44. ©2015 AACR.
Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition Predicts Polo-Like Kinase 1 Inhibitor–Mediated Apoptosis in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ferrarotto Renata , Goonatilake Ruchitha , Young Yoo Suk , Tong Pan , Giri Uma , Peng Shaohua , Minna John , Girard Luc , Wang Yuehong , Wang Liguang , Li Lerong , Diao Lixia , Peng David H. , Gibbons Don L. , Glisson Bonnie S. , Heymach John V. , Wang Jing , Byers Lauren A. , Johnson Faye M. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Purpose: To identify new therapeutic targets for non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we systematically searched two cancer cell line databases for sensitivity data on a broad range of drugs. We identified polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) as the most promising target for further investigation based on a subset of sensitive NSCLC cell lines and inhibitors that were in advanced clinical development.
Experimental Design: To identify potential biomarkers of response of NSCLC to PLK1 inhibition and mechanisms of PLK1 inhibitor–induced apoptosis, integrated analysis of gene and protein expression, gene mutations, and drug sensitivity was performed using three PLK1 inhibitors (volasertib, BI2536, and GSK461364) with a large panel of NSCLC cell lines.
Results: The NSCLC cell lines had different sensitivities to PLK1 inhibition, with a minority demonstrating sensitivity to all three inhibitors. PLK1 inhibition led to G2–M arrest, but only treatment-sensitive cell lines underwent substantial apoptosis following PLK1 inhibition. NSCLC lines with high epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) gene signature scores (mesenchymal cell lines) were more sensitive to PLK1 inhibition than epithelial lines (P &lt; 0.02). Likewise, proteomic profiling demonstrated that E-cadherin expression was higher in the resistant cell lines than in the sensitive ones (P &lt; 0.01). Induction of an epithelial phenotype by expression of the miRNA miR-200 increased cellular resistance to PLK1 inhibition. Also, KRAS mutation and alterations in the tight-junction, ErbB, and Rho signaling pathways correlated with drug response of NSCLC.
Conclusions: In this first reported large-scale integrated analysis of PLK1 inhibitor sensitivity, we demonstrated that EMT leads to PLK1 inhibition sensitivity of NSCLC cells. Our findings have important clinical implications for mesenchymal NSCLC, a significant subtype of the disease that is associated with resistance to currently approved targeted therapies. Clin Cancer Res; 22(7); 1674–86. ©2015 AACR.
Stroke in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Lanz Jonas , Brophy James M. , Therrien Judith , Kaouache Mohammed , Guo Liming , Marelli Ariane J. 
Published: November 2015

Background—
Stroke is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, although there is a lack of comprehensive data on its incidence, cumulative risk, and predictors in patients with adult congenital heart disease.

Methods and Results—
This retrospective study of 29 638 Quebec patients with adult congenital heart disease aged 18 to 64 years between 1998 and 2010 was based on province-wide administrative data. The cumulative risk of ischemic stroke estimated up to age 64 years was 6.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.0–7.0%) in women and 7.7% (95% CI, 6.4–8.8%) in men; the risk of hemorrhagic stroke was 0.8% (95% CI, 0.4–1.2%) and 1.3% (95% CI, 0.8–1.8%), respectively. Compared with rates reported for the general Quebec population, age-sex standardized incidence rates of ischemic stroke were 9 to 12 times higher below age 55 years and 2 to 4 times higher in the age group 55 to 64 years; hemorrhagic stroke rates were 5 to 6 times (age <55 years) and 2 to 3 times higher. Using a combination of stepwise model selection and Bayesian model averaging, the strongest predictors of ischemic stroke were heart failure (odds ratio for age group 18–49 years, 5.94 [95% CI, 3.49–10.14], odds ratio for age group 50–64 years, 1.68 [95% CI, 1.06–2.66]), diabetes mellitus (odds ratio, 2.33 [95% CI, 1.66–3.28]), and recent myocardial infarction (odds ratio, 8.38 [95% CI, 1.77–39.58]).

Conclusions—
Among patients with adult congenital heart disease, 1 in 11 men and 1 in 15 women experienced a stroke between ages 18 and 64 years. Stroke incidence was considerably higher than in the general population, especially at a younger age. The most important predictors of ischemic stroke were heart failure, diabetes mellitus, and recent myocardial infarction. Additional research is required to see whether advances in the management of adult congenital heart disease may reduce this substantial stroke rate.
Maternal Cardiac Output and Fetal Doppler Predict Adverse Neonatal Outcomes in Pregnant Women With Heart Disease
Authors: Wald Rachel M. , Silversides Candice K. , Kingdom John , Toi Ants , Lau Cathy S. , Mason Jennifer , Colman Jack M. , Sermer Mathew , Siu Samuel C. 
Published: November 2015

Background
The mechanistic basis of the proposed relationship between maternal cardiac output and neonatal complications in pregnant women with heart disease has not been well elucidated.

Methods and Results

Pregnant women with cardiac disease and healthy pregnant women (controls) were prospectively followed with maternal echocardiography and obstetrical ultrasound scans at baseline, third trimester, and postpartum. Fetal/neonatal complications (death, small‐for‐gestational‐age or low birthweight, prematurity, respiratory distress syndrome, or intraventricular hemorrhage) comprised the primary study outcome. One hundred and twenty‐seven women with cardiac disease and 45 healthy controls were enrolled. Neonatal events occurred in 28 pregnancies and were more frequent in the heart disease group as compared with controls (n=26/127 or 21% versus n=2/45 or 4%;
P
=0.01). Multiple complications in an infant were counted as a single outcome event. Neonatal complications in the heart disease group were small‐for‐gestational‐age/low birthweight (n=18), prematurity (n=14), and intraventricular hemorrhage/respiratory distress syndrome (n=5). Preexisting obstetric risk factors (
P
=0.003), maternal cardiac output decline from baseline to third trimester (
P
=0.017), and third trimester umbilical artery Doppler abnormalities (
P<
0.001) independently predicted neonatal complications and were incorporated into a novel risk index in which 0, 1, and >1 predictor corresponded to expected complication rates of 5%, 30%, and 76%, respectively.

Conclusions
Decline in maternal cardiac output during pregnancy and abnormal umbilical artery Doppler flows independently predict neonatal complications. These findings will enhance the identification of higher risk pregnancies that would benefit from close antenatal surveillance.
Le codex Buslidianus des épopées de Stace
Authors: Berlincourt Valéry 
Published: November 2015

Several readings of the codex Buslidianus of Statius are quoted from Bernartius (1595) and Gronovius (1653) in the recent edition by Hall, Ritchie and Edwards (2007-2008). This manuscript has not yet been identified, and the question whether Bernartius and Gronovius refer to the same manuscript or not has not been answered yet. By examining a collation made by Gronovius, it proves possible both to establish that the codex Buslidianus he used is a manuscript preserved at the Royal Library in The Hague (National Library of the Netherlands), and to suggest that Bernartius used the same source. These findings shed light on the history of the manuscript of The Hague, and they reveal that some readings of those folios that are now lost have been preserved by Gronovius.
Plusieurs leçons du codex Buslidianus de Stace sont citées d’après Bernartius (1595) et Gronovius (1653) dans la récente édition de Hall, Ritchie et Edwards (2007-2008). Ce manuscrit n’a pas encore été identifié, et la question de savoir si les éditeurs anciens se réfèrent ou non au même manuscrit n’a pas encore trouvé réponse. L’examen d’une collation effectuée par Gronovius permet de démontrer que le codex Buslidianus qu’il a utilisé est un manuscrit conservé à la Bibliothèque Royale de La Haye (Bibliothèque Nationale des Pays-Bas), et de suggérer que Bernartius a utilisé la même source. Ces découvertes éclairent l’histoire du manuscrit de La Haye, et elles révèlent que certaines leçons de ses feuillets aujourd’hui perdus ont été préservées par Gronovius.
This article is in French.
Parameterization of Cloud Microphysics Based on the Prediction of Bulk Ice Particle Properties. Part III: Introduction of Multiple Free Categories
Authors: Milbrandt J. A. , Morrison H. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The predicted particle properties (P3) scheme introduced in Part I of this series represents all ice hydrometeors using a single “free” category, in which the bulk properties evolve smoothly through changes in the prognostic variables, allowing for the representation of any type of ice particle. In this study, P3 has been expanded to include multiple free ice-phase categories allowing particle populations with different sets of bulk properties to coexist, thereby reducing the detrimental effects of property dilution. The modified version of P3 is the first scheme to parameterize ice-phase microphysics using multiple free categories.
The multicategory P3 scheme is described and its overall behavior is illustrated. It is shown using an idealized 1D kinematic model that the overall simulation of total ice mass, reflectivity, and surface precipitation converges with additional categories. The correct treatment of the rime splintering process, which promotes multiple ice modes, is shown to require at least two categories in order to be included without introducing problems associated with property dilution. Squall-line simulations using a 3D dynamical model with one, two, and three ice categories produce reasonable reflectivity structures and precipitation rates compared to radar observations. In the multicategory simulations, ice hydrometeors from different categories and with different bulk properties are shown to coexist at the same points, with effects on reflectivity structure and precipitation. The new scheme thus appears to work reasonably in a full 3D model and is ready to be tested more widely for research and operational applications.
A Lagrangian View of Moisture Dynamics during DYNAMO
Authors: Hannah Walter M. , Mapes Brian E. , Elsaesser Gregory S. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Column water vapor (CWV) is studied using data from the Dynamics of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (DYNAMO) field experiment. A distinctive moist mode in tropical CWV probability distributions motivates the work. The Lagrangian CWV tendency (LCT) leaves together the compensating tendencies from phase change and vertical advection, quantities that cannot be measured accurately by themselves, to emphasize their small residual, which governs evolution. The slope of LCT versus CWV suggests that the combined effects of phase changes and vertical advection act as a robust positive feedback on CWV variations, while evaporation adds a broadscale positive tendency. Analyzed diabatic heating profiles become deeper and stronger as CWV increases. Stratiform heating is found to accompany Lagrangian drying at high CWV, but its association with deep convection makes the mean LCT positive at high CWV. Lower-tropospheric wind convergence is found in high-CWV air masses, acting to shrink their area in time. When ECMWF heating profile indices and S-Pol and TRMM radar data are binned jointly by CWV and LCT, bottom-heavy heating associated with shallow and congestus convection is found in columns transitioning through Lagrangian moistening into the humid, high-rain-rate mode of the CWV distribution near 50–55 mm, while nonraining columns and columns with widespread stratiform precipitation are preferentially associated with Lagrangian drying. Interpolated sounding-array data produce substantial errors in LCT budgets, because horizontal advection is inaccurate without satellite input to constrain horizontal gradients.
Dispersion Relation for Continental Shelf Waves When the Shallow Shelf Part Has an Arbitrary Width: Application to the Shelf West of Norway
Authors: Drivdal Magnus , Weber Jan Erik H. , Debernard Jens Boldingh 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe dispersion relation for continental shelf waves (CSWs) in a shelf region with an unbounded flat outer ocean, a convex-upward exponential shelf, and an interior flat region of arbitrary width D is derived. The calculations allow for a nonzero divergence of the wave motion. Some consequences of these findings are discussed for the shelf west of Norway, where the shelf at mid-Norway is quite wide, while at Lofoten it is much narrower. Furthermore, north of Lofoten, along the opening to the Barents Sea, the shelf becomes extremely wide. In this region the conditions are nearly met for a double Kelvin wave. The paper discusses how CSWs generated along the common storm track outside southwest Norway modify as they travel along the shelf. The analytical results are compared with results from a numerical barotropic ocean model with realistic shelf topography.
Synthetic Modeling for an Acoustic Exploration System for Physical Oceanography
Authors: Biescas Berta , Ruddick Barry , Kormann Jean , Sallarès Valentí , Nedimović Mladen R. , Carniel Sandro 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMarine multichannel seismic (MCS) data, used to obtain structural reflection images of the earth’s subsurface, can also be used in physical oceanography exploration. This method provides vertical and lateral resolutions of O(10–100) m, covering the existing observational gap in oceanic exploration. All MCS data used so far in physical oceanography studies have been acquired using conventional seismic instrumentation originally designed for geological exploration. This work presents the proof of concept of an alternative MCS system that is better adapted to physical oceanography and has two goals: 1) to have an environmentally low-impact acoustic source to minimize any potential disturbance to marine life and 2) to be light and portable, thus being installed on midsize oceanographic vessels. The synthetic experiments simulate the main variables of the source, shooting, and streamer involved in the MCS technique. The proposed system utilizes a 5-s-long exponential chirp source of 208 dB relative to 1 μPa at 1 m with a frequency content of 20–100 Hz and a relatively short 500-m-long streamer with 100 channels. This study exemplifies through numerical simulations that the 5-s-long chirp source can reduce the peak of the pressure signal by 26 dB with respect to equivalent air gun–based sources by spreading the energy in time, greatly reducing the impact to marine life. Additionally, the proposed system could be transported and installed in midsize oceanographic vessels, opening new horizons in acoustic oceanography research.
Eustachian Tube as a Landmark to the Internal Carotid Artery in Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Liu Juan , Sun Xicai , Liu Quan , Wang Dehui , Wang Huan , Ma Na 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to probe the relationship between the eustachian tube and the internal carotid artery in skull base surgery by an intranasal endoscopic approach.Study DesignCadaver study and illustrative cases.SettingMinimally invasive surgery laboratory and operating room.Subjects and MethodsA series of 5 cadaveric heads were dissected to elaborate on the relevant surgical anatomy about the eustachian tube and the internal carotid artery. Three cases were presented to illustrate the application of our laboratory findings.ResultsThe bony‐cartilaginous junction of the eustachian tube was just anterior to the first genu of the internal carotid artery by an intranasal endoscopic approach. The 3 patients in our study tolerated the procedure well and experienced no serious complications after surgery.ConclusionsThe anatomic data and clinical cases in this study confirmed that the eustachian tube is a consistent and reliable landmark to the internal carotid artery to avoid its injury in skull base surgery through the endoscopic endonasal route.