bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eliminasi Carnation Mottle Virus Menggunakan Senyawa Antiviral pada Kultur Jaringan Anyelir (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)
Authors: Diningsih Erniawati , Suastika Gede , Damayanti Tri Asmira , Susanto S 
Published: September 2016

Carnation mottle virus (CarMV) merupakan salah satu virus penting pada tanaman anyelir dan semua kultivar anyelir yang ditanam di Jawa Barat terinfeksi oleh virus ini. Penelitian bertujuan mendapatkan metode eliminasi CarMV yang efektif untuk membebaskan planlet anyelir dari virus. Inisiasi eksplant terinfeksi dilakukan pada media MSO dan perbanyakan planlet dilakukan pada media perbanyakan MS yang mengandung 1,0 ppm BA dan 0,5 ppm kinetin (MSZ). Metode eliminasi CarMV yang diuji terdiri atas perlakuan 2-thiourasil dan amantadin dengan konsentrasi masing-masing 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, dan 30 ppm, dan ribavirin 5 ppm sebagai pembanding. Tunas apikal planlet ditanam pada media perlakuan (MSZA). Setelah tunas tumbuh, meristem terminal diambil 0,5 mm untuk ditanam pada media MSZ. Kultur meristem terminal dari planlet pada perlakuan 2- thiourasil menghasilkan planlet bebas virus sebesar 0 – 57%. Konsentrasi 2-thiourasil 25 ppm menghasilkan persentase planlet bebas virus tertinggi, namun perlakuan tersebut toksik pada tanaman. Perlakuan amantadin menghasilkan 25,0 – 54,55% planlet bebas virus. Di antara perlakuan yang diuji, perlakuan antiviral amantadin dengan konsentrasi 5 – 30 ppm lebih optimal menghasilkan planlet anyelir bebas CarMV dan tidak toksik terhadap tanaman. Perlakuan amantadin 5 – 20 ppm mampu menghambat virus lebih tinggi dibandingkan perlakuan 2-thiourasil pada konsentrasi yang sama. Amantadin 5 – 30 ppm menghasilkan tingkat penghambatan virus sebesar 42,94 – 59,57%, sedangkan 2-thiourasil sebesar -8,18 – 63,03%. Senyawa 2-thiourasil dan amantadin berpotensi sebagai agen antiviral untuk mendapatkan tanaman anyelir bebas CarMV.
CONCEPTUAL BASES OF THE ENERGY EFFICIENT SYSTEM OF MANAGEMENT OF COMBINED UNITS OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Authors: Shtepa V. N. 
Published: September 2016

A critical analysis of the shortcomings of the existing water purification systems is conducted. In order to ensure environmental safety and energy savings it is proposed to use the combined units, including physical, chemical, physical-and-chemical and biological methods. The attention is driven to the fact that the most effective way to maintain current water purification is an adaptive control system. The shortcomings of the management of water treatment units were revealed and it was proposed to produce their synthesis based on the mathematical apparatus of artificial intelligence systems. Taking into account the requirements of the environmental safety and the need in the energy savings, the energy efficiency criteria of combined system functioning has been developed. At an industrial plant (slaughterhouse wastewater treatment) the compliance of the production conditions of the criterion has been undertaken that confirmed the criterion relevance and usefulness as applied to the synthesis of energy-efficient control systems. A synthetic control system combined the water treatment plants. Having based on the preliminary research and analysis of the current work in the subject area the architecture of a control system of combined water treatment units that use intelligent technology was developed. The key functional of the unit – information-analytical subsystem of the formation control actions including: multilayer perceptrons self-organization Kohonen network, fuzzy cognitive map. The basic difference between the developed design and its analogues is the ability to adjust the settings of equipment adaptively on the basis of processing sensor data, information on the price of consumables, volley discharges of pollutants, a sudden change in the flow and other force majeure. Adjustment of the parameters of the control system is carried out with the use of experimental and analytical data stored in the knowledge base of technological processes.
Ammonia/Ammonium Toxicity Root Symptoms Induced by Inorganic and Organic Fertilizers and Placement
Authors: Pan William L. , Madsen Isaac J. , Bolton Ronald P. , Graves Lisa , Sistrunk Tara 
Published: September 2016

Ammoniacal fertilizers can cause seedling damage. The present aims were to characterize spatial and temporal, root morphological NH3/NH4+ toxicity symptoms, assess the extent of the toxicity zone, and relate species‐specific responses to their root architecture. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and canola (Brassica napus L.) were exposed to seed and deep placed urea. Faba (Vicia faba L) seedlings were grown above organic amendments. Time‐sequential images of canola root apex and root hair die‐back, discoloration, and accelerated lateral rooting were captured with soil‐buried, high resolution digital scanners. Seed‐placed urea stunted wheat shoot and root radicles, while slow‐release urea reduced these symptoms. Primary axes of all three species were damaged by encountering the deep fertilizer zones. The multiple seminal axes and lateral root growth away from the fertilizer allowed greater wheat seedling survival, while toxicity‐damage to a single tap root of the germinating canola and faba often resulted in seedling mortality. Urea and chicken manure developed expanded NH3/NH4+ toxicity zones 1.5 to 5 cm, eliciting similar toxicity symptoms initiated at the root apex. Within 3 d after planting, canola tap root elongation stopped, followed by progressive basal directed necrosis and shrinking of the root axis, root hairs. These characteristic symptoms may be used for future toxicity diagnostics of soil‐grown plants. Elevated pH in the soil zone above the chicken manure suggested NH3 gas transported through soil pores followed by H+ consumption and elevated NH4+. Ammonia gas toxicity and species‐specific root system architecture should be considered in N placement and source selection.Core Ideas

NH3/NH4+ toxicity initiates at the root apex and moves basipetally.
Symptoms include tissue discoloration, axis shrinkage, root hair disfigurement, and seedling death.
Toxicity zones ranged from 1 to 5 cm from the ammonia sources.
Putative upward movement of ammonia raised soil pH and NH4+ above chicken manure.
Most wheat axes avoided NH3/NH4+ toxicity zones, improving survival over tap‐rooted species.
Grain Shape as a Predictor of Salt Tolerance in Sunflower
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhao Yonggan , Pang Huancheng , Zhang Li , Li Yuyi 
Published: September 2016

To determine whether sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) grain shape should be considered as a predictor of salt tolerance, seeds of three grain shapes, namely long seeds (DC6009 and RH3146 with a width‐length ratio [WLR] of 0.39), long ovate seeds (SH909 and 135 with a WLR of 0.49) and broadly ovoid seeds (RH118 with a WLR of 0.61) were exposed to 0, 1000, and 2000 mg L−1 NaCl for 30 d. Increases in the WLR increased the 100‐seed weight and kernel/hull rate (KHR) but decreased the water absorption rate (WAR). A level of 2000 mg L−1 NaCl delayed the seed mean germination time (MGT), reduced the germination percentage (GP) and germination index (GI) and caused shorter root length (RL). A level of 1000 mg L−1 NaCl improved the GP and GI compared with the no NaCl‐stressed control with the exception of the long ovate seeds. RL decreased with increasing NaCl levels, and plants with broadly ovoid seeds had longer roots than those with other shapes. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) were lower in the NaCl‐stressed plants than the controls. The malondialdehyde (MDA) contents increased with the NaCl levels in all cultivars. The broadly ovoid seeds exhibited the greatest enzyme activities and the highest net photosynthetic rate (Pn) at both NaCl levels. Based on emergence, early seedling growth and physiological characteristics, the long ovate seeds had a higher salt tolerance than those of the other two shapes, followed by those with long seeds.

Low dose of NaCl generally improved the germination of most cultivars.
Broadly ovoid seeds exhibited the greatest enzyme activities at both NaCl levels and grain shapes.
Sunflowers with long‐ovate seeds perform better when subjected to slightly salinized land.
The Effects of Temperature, Salt, and pH on Xanthan Infiltration in Sandy Soil
Authors: Rahbari Meysam , Kianirad Mehran , Heydarian Seyed Mohammad , Mirdamadi Seyed Saeed 
Published: September 2016

Core Ideas
Xanthan as an eco‐friendly polymer can prevent the movement of sand dunes.
The study of how xanthan penetrates in sandy soil is important in sand dune fixation.
Gradient motion and penetration time of xanthan are essential in biomulch operation.
Studying the infiltration of water–xanthan solutions into sandy soil to prevent the movements of sand dunes is important for predicting xanthan mobility, understanding xanthan conditioning depth, and evaluating the physicochemical effects on the behavior of xanthan in sandy soil. This paper provides insights into laboratory tests conducted to determine the effects of xanthan concentration, temperature, salt, and pH on the infiltration of xanthan solutions in sandy soil. The infiltration experiments used a series of batch vertical sand columns. Xanthan solution, which had been treated under different conditions, was poured on the surface of the experimental soil, and infiltration of xanthan was measured. Infiltration of xanthan decreased with increasing xanthan concentration. Based on the test results, an optimum concentration of 0.25% (w/v) was selected. The infiltration of xanthan solution in sandy soil increased after an increase of temperature from 25 to 45°C; however, a further increase in temperature to 60°C had no significant effect. The addition of KCl and CaCl2 at concentrations of 100, 500, and 1000 mmol L–1 increased infiltration significantly, but increasing the salt concentration from 100 to 1000 mmol L–1 had no significant effect. Moreover, the type of salt (monovalent or divalent) over the selected concentration range had no significant effect. The results showed that the pH of xanthan solution (5, 7, and 9) had no significant effect on infiltration. The Kostiakov equation fit the experimental infiltration data well for all cumulative infiltration curves. Understanding the effect of xanthan concentration and physicochemical parameters on infiltration of xanthan in sandy soil is helpful in sand dune stabilization.
Change in Soil Organic Carbon Stocks under 12 Climate Change Projections over New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Gray Jonathan M. , Bishop Thomas F.A. 
Published: September 2016

Core Ideas
Potential changes in soil organic C to 2070 mapped (100‐m grid) and examined.
The direction and magnitude of change varied between the 12 climate projections.
Differing changes revealed for 36 current climate–parent material–land use regimes.
Digital soil mapping–space‐for‐time substitution is useful for climate change study
Digital soil mapping (DSM) techniques combined with space‐for‐time substitution (SFTS) processes were used to map and examine soil organic carbon (SOC) changes caused by projected climate change over New South Wales, Australia until ∼2070. Twelve projections were derived from four global climate models downscaled with three regional climate models. A marked variation in the direction and magnitude of SOC change was demonstrated with the different projections. Mean state‐wide predictions (0–30 cm depth) ranged between 2.9 Mg ha‐1 gain and 8.7 Mg ha‐1 SOC loss. Greater consistency among climate change projections is required before we can confidently predict SOC changes. By using averaged results from the 12 projections, broad trends were revealed for the change in SOC over two intervals (0–30 and 30–100 cm). A mean loss rate of 2.0 Mg ha‐1 for the upper interval was demonstrated and a total loss of 737 Tg of CO2 equivalent for the entire depth to 100 cm but the 95% confidence interval was wide. Although changes are primarily controlled by the balance between changing temperatures and rainfall, the extent of change also depends on the environmental regime, with differing changes demonstrated over 36 current climate–parent material–land use combinations (e.g., projected mean SOC decline is <1 Mg ha‐1 for dry–highly siliceous–cropping but >15 Mg ha‐1 for wet–mafic–native vegetation). This DSM–SFTS technique offers a viable alternative to dynamic simulation techniques for predicting and identifying patterns in the change of soil properties caused by climate change.
A LEI DE ARBITRAGEM NA ADMINISTRAÇÃO PÚBLICA
Authors: Notari Márcio Bonini 
Published: September 2016

<p><strong>RESUMO </strong></p><p>O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar o projeto de Lei, em tramitação perante o Senado Federal, que altera alguns dispositivos da Lei 9.307/96, instituindo a possibilidade de aplicação da Lei de Arbitragem no âmbito da Administração Pública. No primeiro momento, será abordado o conflito, a partir da teoria marxista e sua concepção acerca do Estado e do direito, enquanto aparelhos ideológicos, repressivos e intermediários dos interesses das classes dominantes, reproduzindo a lógica do sistema capitalista de produção, no uso da violência simbólica para a resolução das celeumas sociais. No segundo instante, o trabalho irá tratar alguns fatores atinentes à crise do poder jurídico estatal na solução das demandas presentes no tecido social, verificando, em especial, alguns fatores decorrentes da cultura normativista predominante na formação do jurista e suas implicações quanto à forma litigiosa no tratamento das lides. No terceiro ponto, será abordado o novo projeto de Lei, em tramitação junto ao Senado Federal, que institui a aplicação do instituto da arbitragem, em se tratando de conflitos envolvendo a administração pública.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Palavras chaves: Estado, direito, capitalismo, conflitos, arbitragem e administração pública</strong>.</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p> </p><p>His article aims to analyze the draft law, in progress in the Senate amending some provisions of Law 9,307 / 96, establishing the possibility of applying the Arbitration Law in Public Administration. At first, the conflict will be addressed, from the Marxist theory and his conception of the state and law, while ideological, repressive and intermediate the interests of the ruling class devices, reproducing the logic of the capitalist system of production, the use of violence symbolic for the resolution of social uproar. In the second moment, the work will address some factors relating to crisis of state legal power to solve the demands present in the social fabric, checking in particular some factors arising from normative culture predominant in the formation of the jurist and its implications for the way in litigation treatment of chores. On the third point, will address the new draft law, in proceedings before the Federal Senate, establishing the application of the concept of arbitration, in the case of conflicts involving public administration.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Key words: state, right, capitalism, conflicts, arbitration and public administration.</strong></p><p> </p>
Eruption rates of lower second premolars at different development stages evaluated with cone-beam computed tomography
Authors: Rinaldi Mariana Roennau Lemos , de Lima Eduardo Martinelli , de Menezes Luciane Macedo , Rizzatto Susana Maria Deon , Matje Paulo Ricardo Baccarin , Ribeiro Roberto Vanin Pinto 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To evaluate and compare the eruption rates of lower second premolars (LPm2) at different developmental stages using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and Methods:
Retrospectively, 31 individuals (9.77 ± 1.25 years) had their LPm2 scored according to the Demirjian method, and afterwards they were split into three groups according to developmental stage, as follows: D = complete-formed crowns; E = root length less than crown height; and F = root length greater than or equal to crown height. Linear distances from the LPm2 crown tip to the anatomical reference line (ARL) and to the occlusal plane line (OPL) were measured in paired CBCT scans (T1, T2), taken with an average interval of 8.6 months between them. Eruption rates (mm/y) were calculated and then compared between groups.

Results:
Eruption rates were greater for LPm2 at stage F than at stages D or E (P &lt; .01) regardless of whether they were measured from the ARL (D = 2.84 mm/y; E = 2.55 mm/y; F = 5.38 mm/y) or from the OPL (D = 1.82 mm/y; E = 2.02 mm/y; F = 5.26 mm/y). Eruption rates evaluated from the ARL and the OPL had no statistically significant differences (P = .052), and a positive correlation (r = .79, P &lt; .001) between them was observed.

Conclusions:
LPm2 at Demirjian stage F showed greater eruption rates than at stages D or E, regardless of whether rates were measured from the ARL or the OPL. Faster eruption is expected for LPm2 at stage F. Evaluation of the LPm2's developmental stage using CBCT can aid in clinical decision making regarding the correct timing for intervention.
Expert Perspectives on Hereditary Angioedema: Key Areas for Advancements in Care across the Patient Journey
Authors: Banerji Aleena , Baş Murat , Bernstein Jonathan A. , Boccon-Gibod Isabelle , Bova Maria , Dempster John , Grumach Anete Sevciovic , Magerl Markus , Poarch Kimberly , Ferreira Manuel Branco 
Published: September 2016

Background Published literature documents the substantial burden of hereditary angioedema (HAE) with C1 inhibitor deficiency on the quality of life and work productivity of patients. However, despite advances in the field and the availability of guidelines to advise health care providers (HCP) on the diagnosis and management of HAE, there are still many challenges to overcome. For example, delayed diagnosis and misdiagnosis are common, and treatment practices vary worldwide. Objective An international expert panel was convened to consider opportunities for improvements that would benefit patients with HAE. Methods Based on professional and personal experiences, the experts developed schematics to describe the journey of patients through the following stages: (1) onset of symptoms and initial evaluation; (2) referral/diagnosis; and (3) management of HAE. More importantly, the panel identified key areas in which it was possible to optimize the support provided to patients and HCPs along this journey. Results Overall, this approach highlighted the need for wider dissemination of algorithms and scientific data to more effectively educate HCPs from multiple disciplines and the need for more research to inform appropriate treatment decisions. Furthermore, HAE awareness campaigns, accurate online information, and referral to patient advocacy groups were all considered helpful approaches to support patients. Conclusion More detailed and widespread information on the diagnosis and management of HAE is needed and may lead to advancements in care throughout the journey of the patient with HAE.
A HYPOTHESIS FOR THE COLOR BIMODALITY OF JUPITER TROJANS
Authors: Wong Ian , Brown Michael E. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
One of the most enigmatic and hitherto unexplained properties of Jupiter Trojans is their bimodal color distribution. This bimodality is indicative of two sub-populations within the Trojans, which have distinct size distributions. In this paper, we present a simple, plausible hypothesis for the origin and evolution of the two Trojan color sub-populations. In the framework of dynamical instability models of early solar system evolution, which suggest a common primordial progenitor population for both Trojans and Kuiper Belt objects, we use observational constraints to assert that the color bimodalities evident in both minor body populations developed within the primordial population prior to the onset of instability. We show that, beginning with an initial composition of rock and ices, location-dependent volatile loss through sublimation in this primordial population could have led to sharp changes in the surface composition with heliocentric distance. We propose that the depletion or retention of H2S ice on the surface of these objects was the key factor in creating an initial color bimodality. Objects that retained H2S on their surfaces developed characteristically redder colors upon irradiation than those that did not. After the bodies from the primordial population were scattered and emplaced into their current positions, they preserved this primordial color bimodality to the present day. We explore predictions of the volatile loss model—in particular, the effect of collisions within the Trojan population on the size distributions of the two sub-populations—and propose further experimental and observational tests of our hypothesis.
FAINT UBVRI STANDARD STAR FIELDS AT +50° DECLINATION
Authors: Clem James L. , Landolt Arlo U. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
Precise and accurate CCD-based UBVRI photometry is presented for ∼2000 stars distributed around the sky in a declination zone centered approximately at +50°. Their photometry has been calibrated to the standard Johnson UBV and Kron–Cousins RI systems through observations of the UBVRI standard stars presented in the various works of Landolt. The magnitude and color range for these stars are 12 ≲ V ≲ 22 and −0.3 ≲ (B − V) ≲ 1.8, respectively. Each star averages 13 measures in each UBVRI filter from data taken on 41 different photometric nights obtained over a 21 month period. Hence, there now exists a network of faint UBVRI photometric standard stars centered on the declination zones δ = −50°, 0°, and +50°.
OBSERVATIONAL CONSTRAINTS ON PLANET NINE: CASSINI RANGE OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Holman Matthew J. , Payne Matthew J. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
We examine the tidal perturbations induced by a possible additional, distant planet in the solar system on the distance between the Earth and the Cassini spacecraft. We find that measured range residuals alone can significantly constrain the sky position, distance, and mass of the perturbing planet to sections of the sky essentially orthogonal to the orbit of Saturn. When we combine these constraints from tidal perturbations with the dynamical constraints from Batygin & Brown and Brown & Batygin, we further constrain the allowed location of the perturbing planet to a region of the sky approximately centered on (R.A., decl.) = (40°, −15°) and extending ∼20° in all directions.
OBSERVATIONS OF THE INTERSTELLAR MAGNETIC FIELD IN THE OUTER HELIOSHEATH: VOYAGER 1
Authors: Burlaga L. F. , Ness N. F. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
New observations of the magnetic field

from ≈2014.7 through 2016.3288, together with the previous observations dating back to 2012 August 25, show that Voyager 1 continued to observe draped interstellar magnetic fields in the outer heliosheath. During this time, the direction of

was nearly constant (±3°), with no significant long-term trend. The slope of a linear least squares fit to the variation of the magnetic field strength B with time is (0.001 ± 0.001) nT yr−1, consistent with no net change, and the average B = (0.48 ± 0.04) nT. The new observations show a second “disturbed interval” in which B was

for ≈267 days. This interval began with a weak shock on 2014/236 (2014.6438), contained oscillations in B with a 28 day period, and possibly ended with a pressure balanced structure or a reverse shock. It is likely this disturbed interval was associated with Sun/solar wind disturbances that impacted the heliopause and produced disturbances that propagated into the outer heliosheath. A quiet interval containing weaker less variable

was observed from ≈2015.3700 until at least 2016.0. Unlike the previous quiet interval observed in the outer heliosheath, the direction of

did not change linearly and could not be extrapolated to the center of the IBEX ribbon.