bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Residual-Based Model Diagnosis Methods for Mixture Cure Models
Authors: Peng Yingwei , Taylor Jeremy M. G. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryModel diagnosis, an important issue in statistical modeling, has not yet been addressed adequately for cure models. We focus on mixture cure models in this work and propose some residual-based methods to examine the fit of the mixture cure model, particularly the fit of the latency part of the mixture cure model. The new methods extend the classical residual-based methods to the mixture cure model. Numerical work shows that the proposed methods are capable of detecting lack-of-fit of a mixture cure model, particularly in the latency part, such as outliers, improper covariate functional form, or nonproportionality in hazards if the proportional hazards assumption is employed in the latency part. The methods are illustrated with two real data sets that were previously analyzed with mixture cure models.
Four decades of stem cell transplantation for Fanconi anaemia in the Netherlands
Authors: Smetsers Stephanie E. , Smiers Frans J. , Bresters Dorine , Sonnevelt Martine C. , Bierings Marc B. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryThis article presents the haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) results of the complete Dutch Fanconi anaemia (FA) patient cohort. Sixty‐eight Dutch FA patients have been transplanted since 1972. In total, 63 (93%) patients engrafted, 54 after first SCT and 9 after second SCT. Fludarabine (FLU)‐based conditioning was associated with decreased graft failure (odds ratio 0·21, P = 0·01), decreased early mortality (hazard ratio 0·25, P = 0·01) and improved 5‐year overall survival (FLU 87·8% [standard error (SE) 5·1%] versus non‐FLU 59·3% [SE 9·5%], P = 0·01). Late mortality was mainly caused by squamous cell carcinoma. Twenty‐two patients were treated with the current Dutch FA conditioning regimen (FLU 150 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 30 mg/kg ± anti‐thymocyte globulin ‐ no irradiation). Stem cell donors were matched related (n = 8) or alternative donors (n = 14). Stable engraftment after first SCT was achieved in 19 (86%) patients. At a median follow‐up of 3·9 years 20 (91%) patients are alive. Our study provides a unique overview of a nation‐wide SCT cohort illustrating the major improvements in treatment regimen and patient outcome in recent years. It shows that a non‐irradiation and busulfan‐free conditioning regimen can be used successfully, also in alternative donor SCT. Furthermore, it underlines the importance of late cancer screening and comprehensive care for this complex disorder.
DYVERSO: A Versatile Multi‐Phase Position‐Based Fluids Solution for VFX
Authors: Alduán Iván , Tena Angel , Otaduy Miguel A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMany impressive fluid simulation methods have been presented in research papers before. These papers typically focus on demonstrating particular innovative features, but they do not meet in a comprehensive manner the production demands of actual VFX pipelines. VFX artists seek methods that are flexible, efficient, robust and scalable, and these goals often conflict with each other. In this paper, we present a multi‐phase particle‐based fluid simulation framework, based on the well‐known Position‐Based Fluids (PBF) method, designed to address VFX production demands. Our simulation framework handles multi‐phase interactions robustly thanks to a modified constraint formulation for density contrast PBF. And, it also supports the interaction of fluids sampled at different resolutions. We put special care on data structure design and implementation details. Our framework highlights cache‐efficient GPU‐friendly data structures, an improved spatial voxelization technique based on Z‐index sorting, tuned‐up simulation algorithms and two‐way‐coupled collision handling based on VDB fields. Altogether, our fluid simulation framework empowers artists with the efficiency, scalability and versatility needed for simulating very diverse scenes and effects.
Effects of low‐frequency ultrasound treatment of titanium surface roughness on osteoblast phenotype and maturation
Authors: Sedlaczek Janina , Lohmann Christoph H. , Lotz Ethan M. , Hyzy Sharon L. , Boyan Barbara D. , Schwartz Zvi 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectiveLow‐frequency ultrasound is widely used in the treatment of chronically infected wounds. To investigate its feasibility as a method for in situ restoration of metal implant surfaces in cases of peri‐implantitis, we evaluated how low‐frequency ultrasound affected surface properties of and response of human osteoblast‐like MG63 cells to titanium (Ti).Material and MethodsThree Ti surfaces [hydrophobic/smooth (pretreatment, PT); hydrophobic/rough (sandblasted/acid‐etched, SLA); and hydrophilic/rough (SLA processed and stored hydrophilicity, mSLA)] were subjected to 25 kHz ultrasound for 10 min/cm2. Substrate roughness, chemical composition, and wettability were analyzed before and after ultrasound application. Osteoblastic maturation of cells on sonicated disks was compared to cells on untreated disks.ResultsUltrasound treatment altered the topography of all surfaces. Contact angles were reduced, and chemical compositions were altered by ultrasound on PT and SLA surfaces. Cell response to sonicated PT was comparable to untreated PT. Alkaline phosphatase was increased on sonicated SLA compared to untreated SLA, whereas DNA, osteocalcin, BMP2, osteoprotegerin, and VEGF‐A were unchanged. Cells produced less osteocalcin and BMP2 on sonicated mSLA than on untreated mSLA, but no other parameters were affected.ConclusionsThese results show that low‐frequency ultrasound altered Ti surface properties. Osteoblasts were sensitive to the changes induced by ultrasound treatment. The data suggest that the effect is to delay differentiation, but it is unclear whether this delay will prevent osseointegration. These results suggest that low‐frequency ultrasound may be useful for treating implant surfaces in situ leading to successful re‐osseointegration of implants affected by peri‐implantitis.
Time efficiency, difficulty, and operator's preference comparing digital and conventional implant impressions: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Joda Tim , Lenherr Patrik , Dedem Philipp , Kovaltschuk Irina , Bragger Urs , Zitzmann Nicola U. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this randomized controlled trial was to analyze implant impression techniques applying intraoral scanning (IOS) and the conventional method according to time efficiency, difficulty, and operator's preference.Material and MethodsOne hundred participants (n = 100) with diverse levels of dental experience were included and randomly assigned to Group A performing digital scanning (TRIOS Pod) first or Group B conducting conventional impression (open tray with elastomer) first, while the second method was performed consecutively. A customized maxillary model with a bone‐level‐type implant in the right canine position (FDI‐position 13) was mounted on a phantom training unit realizing a standardized situation for all participants. Outcome parameter was time efficiency, and potential influence of clinical experience, operator's perception of level of difficulty, applicability of each method, and subjective preferences were analyzed with Wilcoxon –Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests.ResultsMean total work time varied between 5.01 ± 1.56 min (students) and 4.53 ± 1.34 min (dentists) for IOS, and between 12.03 ± 2.00 min (students) and 10.09 ± 1.15 min (dentists) for conventional impressions with significant differences between the two methods. Neither assignment to Group A or B, nor gender nor number of impression‐taking procedures did influence working time. Difficulty and applicability of IOS was perceived more favorable compared to conventional impressions, and effectiveness of IOS was rated better by the majority of students (88%) and dentists (64%). While 76% of the students preferred IOS, 48% of the dentists were favoring conventional impressions, and 26% each IOS and either technique.ConclusionsFor single‐implant sites, the quadrant‐like intraoral scanning (IOS) was more time efficient than the conventional full‐arch impression technique in a phantom head simulating standardized optimal conditions. A high level of acceptance for IOS was observed among students and dentists.
Using fish guilds to assess community responses to temperature and flow regimes in unregulated and regulated Canadian rivers
Authors: Macnaughton Camille J. , Senay Caroline , Dolinsek Ivan , Bourque Guillaume , Maheu Audrey , Lanthier Gabriel , Harvey‐Lavoie Simonne , Asselin Joanie , Legendre Pierre , Boisclair Daniel 
Published: September 2016

Summary

Hydropower currently accounts for 63% of Canada's total electricity generation and is bound to increase with the energy demands of a growing population. With damming and flow regulation known as major threats to aquatic biodiversity and river and floodplain habitats, an improved understanding of the specific impacts of river regulation is needed for the proper management of these systems.

Although interactions among river flow and thermal regimes have been described in the literature, their concurrent influence on fish guild responses has yet to be analysed for temperate rivers. Such an analysis may be used to identify the ecological traits linked with the flow and thermal variables reflecting river regulation.

Extensive field surveys were conducted across 25 unregulated and regulated rivers to estimate fish species density and biomass. Fish guild models were developed to characterise morphologic, trophic, reproductive, habitat preferences and behavioural traits, as well as phylogenetic associations. To characterise ecologically relevant components of the flow and thermal regimes of rivers, we calculated indices based on the magnitude, frequency, duration, timing and rate of change in each driver. Model relationships between fish biomass and density estimates were then run using redundancy analyses (RDA) on each type of guild and dominant patterns of flow and thermal variability.

Variables representing the magnitude of summer temperatures and intra‐annual flow variability were consistently selected as independent drivers of fish guild responses (>86% of RDA models), clearly showing the importance of integrating thermal regimes in current river hydro‐ecological studies.

Fish guild density and biomass were significantly explained (R2Adj = 25–44%) and predicted (R2CV = 35–76%) by flow and thermal variables characterising regimes across unregulated and regulated rivers, whereas total fish density and biomass were not. Fish guild models based on trait–environmental relationships performed better than those based on phylogeny. Our results also showed that the models describing habitat and trophic guilds had the greatest explanatory power (R2Adj = 0.44 and R2Adj = 0.41 respectively).

This study identified differences in guild trait–environment relationships across rivers and the guilds most susceptible to changes in flow and temperature conditions resulting from river regulation. In particular, more constant summer temperatures and lower flow variability favoured habitat and trophic guilds over morphologic, reproductive and behavioural guilds.

Our results showed that maintaining particular aspects of the flow and thermal regime may be important for ensuring the presence of certain guilds in temperate rivers.
Current and projected global distribution of Phytophthora cinnamomi, one of the world's worst plant pathogens
Authors: Burgess Treena I. , Scott John K. , Mcdougall Keith L. , Stukely Michael J. C. , Crane Colin , Dunstan William A. , Brigg Frances , Andjic Vera , White Diane , Rudman Tim , Arentz Frans , Ota Noboru , Hardy Giles E. St. J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractGlobally, Phytophthora cinnamomi is listed as one of the 100 worst invasive alien species and active management is required to reduce impact and prevent spread in both horticulture and natural ecosystems. Conversely, there are regions thought to be suitable for the pathogen where no disease is observed. We developed a climex model for the global distribution of P. cinnamomi based on the pathogen's response to temperature and moisture and by incorporating extensive empirical evidence on the presence and absence of the pathogen. The climex model captured areas of climatic suitability where P. cinnamomi occurs that is congruent with all available records. The model was validated by the collection of soil samples from asymptomatic vegetation in areas projected to be suitable by the model for which there were few records. DNA was extracted, and the presence or absence of P. cinnamomi was determined by high‐throughput sequencing (HTS). While not detected using traditional isolation methods, HTS detected P. cinnamomi at higher elevations in eastern Australia and central Tasmania as projected by the climex model. Further support for the climex model was obtained using the large data set from south‐west Australia where the proportion of positive records in an area is related to the Ecoclimatic Index value for the same area. We provide for the first time a comprehensive global map of the current P. cinnamomi distribution, an improved climex model of the distribution, and a projection to 2080 of the distribution with predicted climate change. This information provides the basis for more detailed regional‐scale modelling and supports risk assessment for governments to plan management of this important soil‐borne plant pathogen.
A Practical Approach for Collecting Large‐n Detrital Zircon U‐Pb Data sets by Quadrupole LA‐ICP‐MS
Authors: Matthews William A. , Guest Bernard 
Published: September 2016

A measurement procedure for the rapid acquisition of U‐Pb dates for detrital zircons by quadrupole LA‐ICP‐MS was developed. The procedure achieves a threefold increase in measurement efficiency compared with the most commonly used methods. Utilising reduced background counting times and a shortened ablation period, a throughput of ~ 130 measurements/h can be achieved. The measurement procedure was characterised and validated using data from thirty‐nine sessions acquired over a twelve‐month period. Systematic measurement error in 206Pb/238U dates for reference materials used for quality control with ages between 28.2 and 2672 Ma was < 1.5%. Average measurement uncertainty, including both random and systematic components, was 1–4% (2s). Interrogation of time‐resolved calculated dates and signal intensities for each measurement allows for the detection and elimination of portions of measurements exhibiting age heterogeneities, zoning, lead loss and contamination by common lead. The measurement procedure diminishes the need to acquire cathodoluminescence imagery for routine detrital zircon applications further increasing throughput and reducing cost. The utility of the measurement procedure is demonstrated by the measurement of samples previously characterised by LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS.
Phenytoin overdose treated with hemodialysis using a high cut‐off dialyzer
Authors: Cormier Monique J. , Desmeules Simon , St‐Onge Maude , Ghannoum Marc 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe describe the case of a 52‐year‐old man who presented after having ingested an unknown quantity of phenytoin. Peak phenytoin concentration was 51.2 mg/L (therapeutic range 10–20 mg/L). Five days after admission, the patient became comatose and was intubated. Because of persistent toxic phenytoin levels and unchanged clinical status for 12 days, hemodialysis (HD) was prescribed to enhance elimination of phenytoin. HD was performed using a Gambro TheraliteTM filter (Baxter International Inc., Deerfield, USA), a high cut‐off filter that allows the removal of molecules of up to 45 kDa. Phenytoin concentration readily decreased during the 8‐hour HD treatment from 38.9 mg/L to 27.8 mg/L (28.5% decrease); during HD, phenytoin half‐life was 18.5h (compared to 1109.8h before HD and 56.3h after HD), phentyoin clearance averaged 80.1 mL/min and a total of 1.1 g of phenytoin was removed. Albumin removal from the Theralite filter was most important at the beginning of HD. The high clearance of phenytoin obtained with this filter was likely due to its high surface area rather than its capacity to remove the albumin‐phenytoin complex.
Childhood and Colonialism in Canadian History
Authors: Alexander Kristine 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis article examines the ways in which settler colonialism has shaped the scholarly literature on the history of childhood in post‐Confederation Canada. The first wave of scholarship on the history of young people in Canada, shaped by the disavowal and “social forgetting” of settler colonialism, focused on issues like the welfare state and child migration. Using the frameworks and methods of social history, these works ignored Indigenous childhoods and failed to consider non‐Indigenous Canadians as settlers. This approach became untenable after the publication of a number of studies of Indigenous children's experiences in day, industrial, and residential schools, and the remainder of the article considers the still uneven ways in which historians of childhood in Canada have discussed Indigenous and settler childhoods and engaged with the concepts of whiteness and settler colonialism.
As the Tsunami of Histories of Atlantic and Liberal Revolutions Wash up in Upper Canada: Worries from a Colonial Shore – Part Two
Authors: McNairn Jeffrey L. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis article (begun in the previously published part) reviews the unusually large number of books about Upper Canada (1791–1841), the British colony that became the province of Ontario, published since 2010. Non‐national approaches, especially Atlantic world but borderlands and British imperial as well, are prevalent. In particular, Atlantic history's interest in the age of revolution has dovetailed with Ian McKay's call to adopt a liberal order framework. Yet many of these works struggle to incorporate Upper Canada in ways that do not cast it as an anomalous or anachronistic space defined by its awkward relationship to a master narrative or that do not re‐inscribe older national narratives by which Upper Canada masquerades as the nascent nation. At the same time, claims to have adopted a novel perspective have tended to divert attention from existing scholarship on closely related themes, especially work on the colony's legal history. Interest in Atlantic and liberal revolutions has brought renewed attention to Upper Canada but not always in helpful ways.
A Childhood Cut Short: Child Deaths in Penal Custody and the Pains of Child Imprisonment
Authors: GOOCH KATE 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe death of a child in penal custody is an infrequent, but particularly tragic, event. In seeking to explain such events, the tendency has been to focus on individual pathology or vulnerability. This article begins from the premise that in order to better understand child deaths in penal custody, it is necessary to move beyond such explanations and consider the wider systematic, cultural, operational, and policy issues. It contributes to the debate by exploring the specific ‘pains of child imprisonment’ as narrated by teenage boys (aged 15–17 years) in an English young offender institution (YOI). It is argued that, trapped in ‘kidulthood’, the dual status of child prisoners poses experiential, conceptual, and practical complexities, but it also produces pains, losses, and burdens that are unique to childhood.
Women Serving Life without the Possibility of Parole: The Different Meanings of Death as Punishment
Authors: VANNIER MARION 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis article draws on the written accounts of a self‐selected group of 48 women serving life without parole (LWOP) in California. In their testimonies, death takes on a symbolic form illustrated by the passing of time and the ‘mortification’ of the self (Goffman 1959, 1961). Their letters emphasise an embodied construction of death, provoked by ageing, illnesses, and medical neglect, as well as through the removal of motherhood and mothering. Through exploring the different, and nuanced, meanings ascribed to death by women serving LWOP, the article combats the cultural invisibility of this punishment and those who endure it.
Sites of Crossing and Death in Punishment: The Parallel Lives, Trade‐offs and Equivalencies of the Death Penalty and Life without Parole in the US
Authors: GIRLING EVI 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis article explores continuities and discontinuities between two kinds of death in punishment: of death as punishment and of death as the specified detritus of punishment, life without parole (LWOP). It traces the parallel lives and equivalencies between life and death in penal policy and practice in the US, and attendant narratives of harshness/mildness, and compromises and covenants with pasts and futures. The discourse of death that has sustained the survival of the death penalty in the US has found a home in LWOP. It argues that spectacles and memorialisations of injustice, error and pain circumscribed in the judicial and popular discourse of death as different provide spaces for reflection on dignity and cruelty, spaces in which the loss of life and liberty can be grieved, a subversive politics of mourning (Butler 2004) for those whom punishment had deemed dispensable. As the death penalty is exchanged for LWOP, reform strategies need to reimagine and recapture these spaces for grieving, and understanding the death work of LWOP in US penal politics is crucial to this endeavour.
Effectiveness and safety of daclatasvir plus asunaprevir for hepatitis C virus genotype 1b: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Hui‐Lian , Lu Xi , Yang Xudong , Xu Nan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackground and AimDaclatasvir plus asunaprevir (DCV + ASV) has demonstrated potent antiviral activity in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1b infection. A definite conclusion about efficacy and safety of DCV + ASV in patients with HCV genotype 1b is not available. A meta‐analysis was conducted to evaluate outcomes of all‐oral treatment with DCV + ASV in terms of sustained virological response at 12 (SVR12) and 24 (SVR24) weeks and adverse effects after the end of treatment.MethodsPUBMED, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases were searched in May 2016. The data were analyzed with Review Manager 5.3.ResultsNine trials (n = 1690) met entry criteria. SVR12 was achieved by 89.9% of treatment‐naïve patients, 84.7% of interferon‐ineligible/intolerant patients, and 81.9% of nonresponder patients. Moreover, 89.0% of interferon‐ineligible/intolerant patients and 83.1% of nonresponder patients achieved SVR24. Baseline characteristics, including gender, race, advanced age, non‐CC IL28B genotype, and cirrhosis, did not appear to impact SVR rates. However, the rate of SVR12 in all patients with viral load < 8 × 105 was higher than that of all those with viral load ≥ 8 × 105 (151/162 vs 625/753). Moreover, pre‐existing nonstructural protein 5A resistance‐associated variants (RAVs) were associated with virological failure during DCV + ASV therapy, resulting in the emergence of multiple RAVs. Treatment with DCV + ASV was well tolerated, with low incidences of serious adverse effects, discontinuations, and grade 3 or 4 laboratory abnormalities in all patients.ConclusionsDaclatasvir plus asunaprevir provides a highly effective and well‐tolerated treatment option for patients with HCV genotype 1b. However, patients with nonstructural protein 5A RAVs at baseline should be assessed to optimize more potent direct antiviral agent therapies.