bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of land surface versus drainage network characteristics in controlling water quality and quantity in a small urban watershed
Authors: Meierdiercks Katherine L. , Kolozsvary Mary Beth , Rhoads Kevin P. , Golden Michele , McCloskey Nicholas F. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe processes that control run‐off quantity and quality in urban watersheds are complex and not well understood. Although impervious surface coverage has traditionally been used to examine altered hydrologic response in urban watersheds, several studies suggest that other elements of the urban landscape, particularly those associated with urban infrastructure and the drainage system, play an equally important role. The relative importance of impervious surfaces, stormwater ponds, expansion of the drainage network, and drainage network structures in controlling hydrologic response was examined in the subwatersheds of the Kromma Kill, an urban watershed located in Albany County, NY. In this study, geographic information systems was used to compute geospatial land surface and drainage network properties of 5 Kromma Kill subwatersheds. In these same subwatersheds, water quantity (rainfall and run‐off) and quality (macroinvertebrates, nitrate, total nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, and nonpurgable organic carbon) parameters were measured. Strong and significant correlations were identified between land surface and drainage network properties and field observations. Causal relationships were then tested using the Environmental Protection Agency's Stormwater Management Model. Field and model analyses suggest that whereas percent imperviousness is a dominant control on water quality, drainage density and slope are equally important. However, for water quantity, whereas imperviousness is positively correlated with increased run‐off volumes, drainage network properties and slope are the dominant controls on run‐off volumes. Results have important implications for stormwater management plans, especially those aimed at reducing the effective impervious surface coverage of urban watersheds. Reducing the percentage of effective imperviousness in a watershed is not a “one size fits all” solution and can help to meet some management objectives, such as reducing nitrogen concentrations and improving water quality, but may not serve as the most effective, and therefore economical, solution for every management objective including reducing run‐off volumes.
Using raw regional climate model outputs for quantifying climate change impacts on hydrology
Authors: Chen Jie , Brissette François P. , Liu Pan , Xia Jun 
Published: September 2017

AbstractGeneral circulation model outputs are rarely used directly for quantifying climate change impacts on hydrology, due to their coarse resolution and inherent bias. Bias correction methods are usually applied to correct the statistical deviations of climate model outputs from the observed data. However, the use of bias correction methods for impact studies is often disputable, due to the lack of physical basis and the bias nonstationarity of climate model outputs. With the improvement in model resolution and reliability, it is now possible to investigate the direct use of regional climate model (RCM) outputs for impact studies. This study proposes an approach to use RCM simulations directly for quantifying the hydrological impacts of climate change over North America. With this method, a hydrological model (HSAMI) is specifically calibrated using the RCM simulations at the recent past period. The change in hydrological regimes for a future period (2041–2065) over the reference (1971–1995), simulated using bias‐corrected and nonbias‐corrected simulations, is compared using mean flow, spring high flow, and summer–autumn low flow as indicators. Three RCMs driven by three different general circulation models are used to investigate the uncertainty of hydrological simulations associated with the choice of a bias‐corrected or nonbias‐corrected RCM simulation. The results indicate that the uncertainty envelope is generally watershed and indicator dependent. It is difficult to draw a firm conclusion about whether one method is better than the other. In other words, the bias correction method could bring further uncertainty to future hydrological simulations, in addition to uncertainty related to the choice of a bias correction method. This implies that the nonbias‐corrected results should be provided to end users along with the bias‐corrected ones, along with a detailed explanation of the bias correction procedure. This information would be especially helpful to assist end users in making the most informed decisions.
Prevalence, risk factors, and pregnancy outcomes of cervical cell abnormalities in the puerperium in a hyperendemic HIV setting
Authors: Maise Hopolang C. , Moodley Dhayendre , Sebitloane Motshedisi , Maman Suzanne , Sartorius Benn 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the impact of cervical cell abnormalities detected in the puerperium in association with HIV‐1 infection on pregnancy outcomes.MethodsThe present study was a secondary data analysis of pregnancy outcomes, Pap smear results, HIV results, and participant demography from a behavioral intervention randomized controlled trial of 1480 pregnant women aged 18 years or more conducted at a periurban primary health clinic in South Africa during 2008–2010. The Pap smear was performed 14 weeks after delivery.ResultsIn total, 564 (38.1%) women were HIV‐1‐positive and 78 (8.0%) of 973 women with a categorized Pap smear result tested positive for cervical cell abnormalities; 42 (4.2%) women had low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LGSILs) and 7 (0.7%) had high‐grade lesions (HGSILs). In an adjusted analysis, HIV infection was significantly more common among women with LGSILs (28/42 [66.7%]) or HGSILs (6/7 [85.7%]) when compared with the other Pap smear categories (P<0.001). The rates of premature birth, low birth weight, and non‐live births were similar among HIV‐infected and ‐uninfected women with abnormal cervical cytology.ConclusionPregnant women with HIV were more likely to be diagnosed with higher grades of squamous cell abnormalities than those without HIV. There was no association between squamous cell abnormalities/HIV comorbidity and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Rapid detection of the New Delhi metallo‐b‐lactamase 1 (NDM‐1) gene by loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)
Authors: Moreira Mirna Giselle , Barreto Lidia Miranda , dos Santos Vera Lúcia , Monteiro Andrea Souza , Nobre Vandack , dos Santos Simone Gonçalves 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundNew Delhi Metallo‐b‐lactamase (NDM‐1) is an enzyme emerging around the world conferring resistance to a wide range of β‐lactams agents and whose early detection is extremely important. We proposed to standardize the detection of the blaNDM‐1 gene using the LOOP‐mediated isothermal amplification technique (LAMP).MethodsIn all, 14 Gram‐negative bacterial strains isolated from patients presenting pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation were used for the blaNDM‐1 standardization by LAMP. Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC BAA‐2473 and two clinical strains were used as a positive control. All results were compared to the reaction in polymerase chain reaction (PCR), considered gold standard for this detection.ResultsThere was an excellent correlation between the two techniques employed, since all measured clinical strains were negative in both employed tests and two clinical, and a reference strains were positive.ConclusionsThe lamp technique seems to be an excellent option for the rapid detection of blaNDM‐1. The amplification time is much shorter than other molecular techniques, the PCR machine is not necessary, it is easy of implementation and costs is low.
Racial disparities in perceived social support and social service use: Associations with maternal depression and head start participation
Authors: Lee Kyunghee , Rispoli Kristin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractUsing the Head Start Impact Study data, this study examined racial disparities in maternal perceptions of social support and social service receipt, and their associations with depression. Associations between Head Start participation and these variables were also studied. A total of 3,269 mothers were included (n = 971 Black, 1,086 Hispanic, and 1,212 White). Compared to White mothers, Hispanic mothers indicated perceiving less assistance from social supports. Black and Hispanic mothers were less likely to use social services and reported lower levels of depression than White mothers. Head Start mothers perceived more helpfulness from social supports than non‐Head Start mothers. Head Start, however, was not associated with social service use or maternal depression. Results suggest Head Start participation may be related to greater ability to reap benefits from relationships with friends and family among low‐income mothers.
Quantifying response to intracranial pressure normalization in idiopathic intracranial hypertension via dynamic neuroimaging
Authors: Lublinsky Svetlana , Kesler Anat , Friedman Alon , Horev Anat , Shelef Ilan 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundIdiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is characterized by elevated intracranial pressure without a clear cause.PurposeTo investigate dynamic imaging findings in IIH and their relation to mechanisms underlying intracranial pressure normalization.Study TypeProspective.PopulationEighteen IIH patients and 30 healthy controls.Field Strength/SequenceT1‐weighted, venography, fluid attenuation inversion recovery, and apparent diffusion coefficients were acquired on 1.5T scanner.AssessmentThe dural sinus was measured before and after lumbar puncture (LP). The degree of sinus occlusion was evaluated, based on 95% confidence intervals of controls. We studied a number of neuroimaging biomarkers associated with IIH (sinus occlusion; optic nerve; distribution of cerebrospinal fluid into the subarachnoid space, sulci and lateral ventricles (LVs); Meckel's caves; arachnoid granulation; pituitary and choroid plexus), before and after LP, using a set of specially developed quantification techniques.Statistical TestsRelationships among various biomarkers were investigated (Pearson correlation coefficient) and linked to long‐term disease outcomes (logistic regression). The t‐test and the Wilcoxon rank test were used to compare between controls and before and after LP data.ResultsAs a result of LP, the following were found to be in good accordance with the opening pressure: relative compression of cerebrospinal fluid (R = –0.857, P < 0.001) and brain volumes (R = –0.576, P = 0.012), LV expansion (R = 0.772, P < 0.001) and venous volume (R = 0.696, P = 0.001), enlargement of the pituitary (R = 0.640, P = 0.023), and shrinkage of subarachnoid space (R = –0.887, P < 0.001). The only parameter that had an impact on long‐term prognosis was cross‐sectional size of supplemental drainage veins after LP (sensitivity of 92%, specificity of 20%, and area under the curve of 0.845, P < 0.001).Data ConclusionWe present an approach for quantitative characterization of the intracranial venous system and its implementation as a diagnostic assistance tool. We conclude that formation of supplementary drainage veins might serve as a long‐lasting compensatory mechanism.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:913–927.
Inhibitory motor dysfunction in parkinson's disease subtypes
Authors: Gong Tao , Xiang Yuanyuan , Saleh Muhammad G. , Gao Fei , Chen Weibo , Edden Richard A.E. , Wang Guangbin 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is divided into postural instability gait difficulty (PIGD) and tremor‐dominant (TD) subtypes. Increasing evidence has suggested that the GABAergic neurotransmitter system is involved in the pathogenesis of PD.PurposeTo evaluate the differences of GABA levels between PD motor subtypes using MEscher‐GArwood Point Resolved Spectroscopy (MEGA‐PRESS).Study Type: Cohort.SUBJECTS: PD patients were classified into PIGD (n = 13) and TD groups (n = 9); 16 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls were also recruited. All subjects were right‐handed.SequenceAll subjects underwent an magnetic resonance spectroscopy scan including MEGA‐PRESS at 3.0T.ASSESSMENTThe detected GABA signal also contains signal from macromolecules (MM) and homocarnosine, so it is referred to as GABA+. GABA + levels and Creatine (Cr) levels were quantified in the left basal ganglia (BG) using Gannet 2.0 by Tao Gong.Statistical TestsDifferences in GABA + levels between the three groups were analyzed using analysis of covariance. The relationship between GABA levels and a unified PD rating scale (UPDRS) was also analyzed.ResultsGABA + levels were significantly lower in left BG regions of PD patients compared with healthy controls (P < 0.001). In PD patients, the GABA concentration was lower in the TD group than the PIGD group (P = 0.019). Cr levels in PIGD and TD were lower than controls (P = 0.020; P = 0.002). A significant negative correlation was found in PIGD between GABA levels and UPDRS (r = −0.572, P = 0.041), while no correlation was found in TD (r = −0.339, P = 0.372).Data ConclusionLow BG GABA levels in PD patients, and differences between PIGD/TD patients, suggest that GABAergic dysfunction may play an important role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1610–1615.
A systematic tandem mass spectrometric study of anion attachment for improved detection and acidity evaluation of nitrogen‐rich energetic compounds
Authors: Gaiffe Gabriel , Bridoux Maxime C. , Costanza Christine , Cole Richard B. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe development of rapid, efficient, and reliable detection methods for the characterization of energetic compounds is of high importance to security forces concerned with terrorist threats. With a mass spectrometric approach, characteristic ions can be produced by attaching anions to analyte molecules in the negative ion mode of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS). Under optimized conditions, formed anionic adducts can be detected with higher sensitivities as compared with the deprotonated molecules. Fundamental aspects pertaining to the formation of anionic adducts of 1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazocane (HMX), 1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazinane (RDX), pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), nitroglycerin (NG), and 1,3,5‐trinitroso‐1,3,5‐triazinane energetic (R‐salt) compounds using various anions have been systematically studied by ESI‐MS and ESI tandem mass spectrometry (collision‐induced dissociation) experiments. Bracketing method results show that the gas‐phase acidities of PETN, RDX, and HMX fall between those of HF and acetic acid. Moreover, PETN and RDX are each less acidic than HMX in the gas phase. Nitroglycerin was found to be the most acidic among the nitrogen‐rich explosives studied. The ensemble of bracketing results allows the construction of the following ranking of gas‐phase acidities: PETN (1530‐1458 kJ/mol) > RDX (approximately 1458 kJ/mol) > HMX (approximately 1433 kJ/mol) > nitroglycerin (1427‐1327.8 kJ/mol).
Personality‐based selection of entrepreneurial borrowers to reduce credit risk: Two studies on prediction models in low‐ and high‐stakes settings in developing countries
Authors: Dlugosch Thorsten Johannes , Klinger Bailey , Frese Michael , Klehe Ute‐Christine 
Published: September 2017

SummarySmall business growth is critical for economic development and poverty reduction in emerging markets, yet there remains an over $2 trillion gap in financing these entrepreneurs. This study explores the potential of personality assessments to help lenders solve this problem and lend to more entrepreneurs and contributes to psychological selection research by examining the effect of high versus low stakes on response distortions and predictive validity in a new area—entrepreneurship with a new dependent variable—paying back credit. Results of Study 1 show that personality assessments are indeed related to credit risk, but response patterns depend significantly on whether or not the assessment is taken as a mandatory part of the credit application (high stakes) or as an optional research survey after the credit has already been provided (low stakes), and predictive relationships do not generalize between these situations. In Study 2, the distributions of personality dimensions relevant for entrepreneurs applying for a credit—conscientiousness, extraversion, and integrity—are shown to be different for applicants when in high‐ versus low‐stakes settings. These findings convey several implications for the research on and practice of lending to entrepreneurs in emerging markets and offer new directions for future research.
Multi‐decadal evolution characteristics of global surface temperature anomaly data shown by observation and CMIP5 models
Authors: Zhu Xian , Dong Wenjie , Wei Zhigang , Guo Yan , Gao Xiaoqing , Wen Xiaohang , Yang Shili , Zheng Zhiyuan , Yan Dongdong , Zhu Yuyao , Chen Juan 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTBased on methods of statistical analysis, the time series of global surface air temperature (SAT) anomalies from 1860 to 2014 has been defined by three types of phase changes that occur through the division of temperature changes into different stages. The characteristics of the three types of phase changes simulated by Coupled Model Inter‐Comparison Project (CMIP5) models were evaluated. The conclusion is as follows: the SAT from 1860 to 2014 can be divided into six stages according to trend differences, and this subdivision is proved to be statistically significant. Based on trend analysis and the distribution of slopes between any two points (two points' slope) in every stage, the six stages can be summarized as three phase changes of warming, cooling, and hiatus. Between 1860 and 2014, the world experienced three heating phases (1860–1878, 1909–1942, and 1975–2004), one cooling phase (1878–1909), and two hiatus phases (1942–1975 and 2004–2014). Using the definition method, whether the next year belongs to the previous phase can be estimated. Furthermore, the temperature in 2015 was used as an example to validate the feasibility of this method. The simulations of the heating period by CMIP5 models are well; however, the characteristics shown by SAT during the cooling and hiatus period cannot be represented by CMIP5 models. As such, the projections of future heating phases using the CMIP5 models are credible, but for cooling and hiatus events they are unreliable.
Temporal continuity of extreme precipitation events using sub‐daily precipitation: application to floods in the Ebro basin, northeastern Spain
Authors: Merino A. , Fernández‐González S. , García‐Ortega E. , Sánchez J. L. , López L. , Gascón E. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTExtreme precipitation events have been studied widely in various regions because of their implications for hazard assessment and risk management, particularly those of a hydrologic nature. Extreme precipitation events have been commonly defined using daily precipitation series owing to a lack of long‐term data at higher temporal resolution. However, because of their potentially dramatic consequences, intense sub‐daily precipitation is of great importance for risk assessment. Here, we define a new concept of extreme precipitation event based on temporal continuity of that event through run analysis using hourly precipitation. The aim of this definition is to record intense precipitation events over a very short period as well as very persistent rainfall events that produce heavy accumulated precipitation over several days. Both types of event can present considerable hydrologic hazards and are not considered in the definition of extreme precipitation event that is based on a daily time scale. We applied this method to the 29 greatest flood events in the Ebro River basin during 2000–2014 to determine whether our definition can be used to identify events producing hydrologic risks. In addition, we compared the synoptic patterns and trends of events defined using this method and those based on a daily time scale. The results show that the new definition allowed for identification of the 29 analysed flood events (as opposed to extreme events based on a daily time scale), among which eight events were not identified. Moreover, using the new definition facilitates establishment of synoptic patterns and more detailed study of trends by discriminating events according to their duration. The results reveal how the use of daily precipitation can hide trends of shorter events, because positive trends are more dominant in extreme precipitation events at sub‐daily scale.
Optimizing silver‐capped silicon nanopillars to simultaneously realize macroscopic, practical‐level SERS signal reproducibility and high enhancement at low costs
Authors: Wu Kaiyu , Rindzevicius Tomas , Schmidt Michael S. , Thilsted Anil H. , Boisen Anja 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe ideal surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate should fulfil the following: (a) predictable SERS enhancement, (b) macroscale SERS signal uniformity, and (c) suitability for mass production at low costs. Macroscale SERS uniformity and reproducibility at practical levels are big obstacles, which have been preventing most SERS substrates from reliable sensing applications. We have previously shown that SERS‐active nanopillar structures, fabricated by lithography‐free processes, exhibit high average SERS enhancements and are mass producible. Here, we report an optimized process and show that the improved structures exhibit unrivalled macroscale SERS uniformities (RSD: ∼2.5% in millimeter scale, ∼7% in wafer scale) and reproducibility (RSD: ∼1.5% across 3 wafers), while at the same time exhibiting a very large average SERS enhancement factor of >108. The obtained SERS uniformity (~2.5% RSD in millimeter scale) is the best to date measured on large‐area solid SERS substrates. Fast and reproducible SERS analysis of trans‐1,2‐bis (4‐pyridyl) ethylene down to 4 × 10−13 mol is demonstrated using the optimized structures. We emphasize that achieving simultaneously macroscopic, practical‐level SERS signal reproducibility and high enhancement via a lithography‐free process is a notable advance towards industrialization of substrate‐based SERS sensors.
Characterization of a thermostable recombinant l‐rhamnose isomerase from Caldicellulosiruptor obsidiansis OB47 and its application for the production of l‐fructose and l‐rhamnulose
Authors: Chen Ziwei , Xu Wei , Zhang Wenli , Zhang Tao , Jiang Bo , Mu Wanmeng 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDl‐Hexoses are rare sugars that are important components and precursors in the synthesis of biological compounds and pharmaceutical drugs. l‐Rhamnose isomerase (L‐RI, EC 5.3.1.14) is an aldose–ketose isomerase that plays a significant role in the production of l‐sugars. In this study, a thermostable, l‐sugar‐producing L‐RI from the hyperthermophile Caldicellulosiruptor obsidiansis OB47 was characterized.RESULTSThe recombinant L‐RI displayed maximal activity at pH 8.0 and 85 °C and was significantly activated by Co2+. It exhibited a relatively high thermostability, with measured half‐lives of 24.75, 11.55, 4.15 and 3.30 h in the presence of Co2+ at 70, 75, 80 and 85 °C, respectively. Specific activities of 277.6, 57.9, 13.7 and 9.6 U mg−1 were measured when l‐rhamnose, l‐mannose, d‐allose and l‐fructose were used as substrates, respectively. l‐Rhamnulose was produced with conversion ratios of 44.0% and 38.6% from 25 and 50 g L−1 l‐rhamnose, respectively. l‐Fructose was also efficiently produced by the L‐RI, with conversion ratios of 67.0% and 58.4% from 25 and 50 g L−1 l‐mannose, respectively.CONCLUSIONThe recombinant L‐RI could effectively catalyze the formation of l‐rhamnulose and l‐fructose, suggesting that it was a promising candidate for industrial production of l‐rhamnulose and l‐fructose. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry