bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability of outcomes after 5 years of treatment in an early intervention programme
Authors: Norman Ross M.G. , Anderson Kelly K. , MacDougall Arlene , Manchanda Rahul , Harricharan Raj , Subramanian Priya , Richard Julie , Northcott Sandra 
Published: June 2017

AimIt has been hypothesized that the first 5 years are critical in determining long‐term recovery from psychotic disorders. We examine stability in recovery indices after 5 years for 56 patients treated in an early intervention programme for psychosis.MethodsAssessments of symptom remission and functional recovery were carried out 5 and 10 years after initiation of treatment.ResultsAlthough overall rates of recovery were comparable at both times, there were significant changes for individuals reflecting both improvement and deterioration.ConclusionsEvidence concerning the critical period hypothesis should examine stability in individuals rather than relying on cumulative indices.
A field trial to test effects of watering, seed addition and disturbance on perennial species recruitment in Belah woodland
Authors: Callister Kate , Westbrooke Martin 
Published: June 2017

SummaryFailure of perennial species to regenerate is a significant threat to semi‐arid woodlands across south‐eastern Australia. High grazing pressure eliminates the recruitment of many perennial species in semi‐arid woodlands, but little is known about requirements for regeneration under low grazing pressure. We tested the effects of addition of water (irrigation to match the largest rainfall events of the last century), seed, soil disturbance and fire within a grazing exclosure in Belah (Casuarina pauper) woodland in the Murray‐Sunset National Park, Victoria. Recruitment was observed in 13 perennial species and was dominated by chenopods. Addition of water, seed and soil disturbance increased abundance of juvenile perennial species above the low‐level background recruitment that occurred in the prevailing drought conditions. This supports the view that continuous recruitment occurs for many semi‐arid perennials. Low seed availability and an inability to maintain soil moisture conditions matching that of regeneration events are likely factors in the lack of recruitment for tree species and limited response of shrubs in this experiment.
Directional selection to improve the sterile insect technique: Survival and sexual performance of desiccation resistant Anastrepha ludens strains
Authors: Tejeda Marco T. , Arredondo‐Gordillo José , Orozco‐Dávila Dina , Quintero‐Fong Luis , Díaz‐Fleischer Francisco 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe sterile insect technique (SIT) is an effective, environmentally friendly method for insect control whose success depends on the sexual performance and survival of sterile males. These two parameters are influenced by environmental conditions of target areas, and releasing insects with a higher tolerance to stressful environments can improve SIT efficiency. Directional selection can be used to produce insect strains with higher tolerance to extreme environmental conditions, such as low humidity, for extended periods. We evaluated, under field cage conditions, the sexual competitiveness, sexual compatibility, and survival of strains of Anastrepha ludens (Loew) selected for desiccation resistance to determine the value of directional selection as a possible approach to enhance SIT efficiency. Fly strains (selected and unselected and those mass‐reared) were exposed to stressful conditions of low humidity and food and water deprivation for 24 hr before test. As a control, mild conditions without the stressors were used. No differences in sexual competitiveness and sexual compatibility between selected, nonselected, and mass‐reared strains were observed when previously exposed to mild conditions. Thus, selection for desiccation resistance does not modified negatively the sexual performance. However, when insects were exposed to stressful conditions, males of selected strains sexually outperform mass‐reared males. Additionally, selected strains presented higher survival than mass‐reared flies. The approach to integrate directional selection with other technologies in the SIT as well as the implications of using a desiccation‐selected strain in the current pest management program is discussed.
Validation of masks for determination of V̇O2max in horses exercising at high intensity
Authors: Sides R. H. , Kirkpatrick R. , Renner E. , Gough K. , Katz L. M. , Evans D. L. , Bayly W. M. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryBackgroundThe need for a horse to be ridden while wearing a measurement device that allows unrestricted ventilation and gas exchange has hampered accurate measurement of its maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O2max) under field conditions.ObjectivesDesign and validate a facemask with the potential to measure V̇O2max accurately in the field.Study designExperiment with 6 × 6 Latin square design.MethodsTwo variations of a mask and associated electronic control module (ECM) were designed to enable breath‐by‐breath measurement of airflows through two 7.8 cm diameter pneumotachometers located 7.5 cm in front of each narus. TheECMwas comprised of an analogue‐to‐digital converter and a lithium‐ion battery that provided power and signal filtering to the pneumotachometers and an oxygen sensing cell, and powered a pump connected to gas sampling ports between the nares and pneumotachometers. Airflow and oxygen content of inspired and expired gases were recorded through theECMand electronically transferred to a notebook. V̇O2was determined from these recordings using a customised software program. Mask B encased the lower jaw. Mask R left the jaw free so the horse could wear a bit if ridden. V̇O2max and arterial blood gases were measured in 6 horses during multiple treadmill tests. Each mask was worn twice and results compared to those from an established open flow‐through system (O) byANOVA‐RM(P<0.05). System utility was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient of 4 independent raters.ResultsBlood gases and V̇O2max (151.9±7.0 [mean±s.d.; O], 151.5±9.6 [B], 149.5±7.5 [R] ml/[kg.min]) were not different between masks. V̇O2max measures were reproducible for each mask. Intraclass correlation coefficient between raters = 0.99.Main limitationsSome rebreathing of expired air from mask dead space.ConclusionMasks capable of measuring V̇O2max during treadmill exercise were developed, tested and found to be accurate. Mask R has potential application to measurement of V̇O2max under field conditions.
Spatial distribution analysis of the North Pacific spiny dogfish, Squalus suckleyi, in the North Pacific using generalized additive models
Authors: Yano Toshikazu , Ohshimo Seiji , Kanaiwa Minoru , Hattori Tsutomu , Fukuwaka Masa‐aki , Nagasawa Toru , Tanaka Sho 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe North Pacific spiny dogfish (SPD), Squalus suckleyi, is a commercially exploited shark species that plays an important role in the ecosystem. To elucidate the distribution of the SPD in the North Pacific and to evaluate the effects of sea surface temperature (SST) and prey availability on its distribution, we estimated the probability of SPD presence using a generalized additive model with a binomial error distribution from SPD presence/absence data on 14,824 operations in fishery‐independent gillnet surveys between 1972 and 2011. The habitat model was structured in the east and west to reflect differences in the North Pacific oceanic environments. In the east, a higher probability of SPD presence was identified along the coast from the eastern Gulf of Alaska to Queen Charlotte Sound. In the west, it was identified around northern Japan. The estimated distribution was continuous between the two areas, whereas the probability of SPD presence was relatively low. Although the probability of SPD presence was higher at SSTs between 6°C and 12°C, the SST at the peak probability of SPD presence differed between the west and east. The prey species, Japanese sardine, Sardinops melanostictus, and walleye pollock, Gadus chalcogrammus, in the west and boreal clubhook squid, Onychoteuthis borealijaponica, in the east significantly affected the probability of SPD presence, which was higher if the prey species co‐existed with SPD. Therefore, SPD might adapt their distribution to that of available prey species. SPD stock assessment and management in these two important areas are required for its sustainable utilization.
Change in university governance structures in continental Europe
Authors: Gornitzka Åse , Maassen Peter , de Boer Harry 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis article discusses changes with respect to university governance structures in six comprehensive universities in Europe. We present an analytical framework on the basis of which we conduct a comparative analysis of the university governance structures along four different dimensions: (a) the internal democratic nature of the governance structure, (b) the external involvement in university governance, (c) the level of centralisation of decision‐making authority in the university and (d) the concentration of authority in an individual leadership position versus authority in a collective body or spread over various collective bodies.
Aberrant expression of CD10 and BCL6 in mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Pizzi Marco , Agostinelli Claudio , Righi Simona , Gazzola Anna , Mannu Claudia , Galuppini Francesca , Fassan Matteo , Visentin Andrea , Piazza Francesco , Semenzato Gianpietro C , Rugge Massimo , Sabattini Elena 
Published: June 2017

AimsMantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is characterized by distinctive histological and molecular features. Aberrant expression of BCL6 and CD10 has been reported occasionally, but the biological features of such cases are largely unknown. This study aimed to define the epidemiological, histological and cytogenetic characteristics of BCL6 and CD10‐positive MCLs, also investigating possible biological features.Methods and resultsA total of 165 cases of cyclin D1 and t(11;14)(q13;q34)‐positive MCLs were studied for CD10 and BCL6 immunohistochemical expression, which was documented in 26 of 165 (15.8%) cases (BCL6 17 of 165; CD10 11 of 165; BCL6 and CD10 co‐expression two of 165). CD10‐positivity was significantly more frequent in females (63.3%; P < 0.01). Either expression correlated significantly with higher mean proliferation index and higher prevalence of MUM1 positivity (P < 0.05). Fluorescence in‐situ hybridization (FISH) for BCL6 (3q27) gene derangements was performed on the BCL6‐ and CD10‐positive cases and 98 matched controls: amplifications were documented more frequently in BCL6‐positive than ‐negative cases (50.0% versus 19.4% of cases) (P < 0.05). The mutational status of the variable immunoglobulin heavy chain genes (IGVH) was investigated by Sanger sequencing: five of the six successfully tested cases (83.3%) showed no somatic hypermutations.ConclusionsAberrant CD10 and BCL6 expression defines a subset of MCLs with higher mean Ki‐67 index and higher prevalence of MUM1 expression. BCL6 protein positivity correlates with cytogenetic aberrations involving the BCL6 gene. Although examined successfully in few cases, the high prevalence of unmutated IGVH genes also points at a pregerminal cell origin for these phenotypically aberrant cases.
Highly reliable yttria‐stabilized zirconia prepared by direct coagulation casting‐high valence counter ions using calcium polyphosphate
Authors: Yang Jinlong , Xu Jie , Wang Yali , Gan Ke 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCeramic components with high reliability are crucial to engineering applications. Direct coagulation casting via high valence counter ions using submicron calcium polyphosphate as coagulating agent was presented. Tri‐ammonium citrate was used as dispersant to prepare electrostatic stabilized YSZ suspension with high solid loading and low viscosity. Calcium polyphosphate with average particle size of 0.18 μm and a narrow particle size distribution was prepared. Glycerol diacetate was used to tailor the pH value of the suspension by hydrolysis to produce acetic acid which helps to decompose calcium polyphosphate and release of calcium ions. It is indicated that the viscosities of suspensions with the addition of calcium polyphosphate suspension and glycerol diacetate are high enough for in‐situ coagulation casting at 60‐70°C within 20 minutes. YSZ suspension with 3 vol% calcium polyphosphate suspension and 1 vol% glycerol diacetate treated at 60°C could be coagulated within 20 minutes and the compressive strength of the wet samples is 2.64±0.35 MPa. Dense YSZ ceramics with relative density above 98.9% and flexural strength of 826±48 MPa and Weibull modulus of 21 had been prepared.
Effects of hydrothermal processing on rutin retention and physicochemical properties of Tartary buckwheat enriched dough and Chinese steamed bread
Authors: Wang Xia , Fan Dong , Zhang Tianliang 
Published: June 2017

SummaryEffects of hydrothermal processing on content changes of rutin, quercetin and total flavonoids and physicochemical properties of Tartary buckwheat (TB) enriched dough and Chinese steamed bread (CSB) were investigated. Rutin loss and bitterness in CSB made from mixed wheat flour and hydrothermally processed TB flour decreased markedly compared with control. Total flavonoids were increased in dough after fermentation but decreased afterwards in CSB significantly (P < 0.05). The development time, stability time, extensibility, storage and loss moduli and tan δ of TB enriched dough, along with the volume, textural properties, sensory evaluation and bitterness of derived CSB, were significantly affected by hydrothermal processing temperature and time. Hydrothermal processing of TB flour at 100 °C for 20 min, compared with 100 °C for 10 min, 30 min or 121 °C for 10 min, 20 min, 30 min, was suggested to be a relatively better pretreatment condition for the present TB enriched CSB.
Silodosin versus naftopidil in the treatment of premature ejaculation: A prospective multicenter trial
Authors: Sato Yoshikazu , Otani Toshikazu , Amano Toshiyasu , Araki Tohru , Kondou Nobuyuki , Matsukawa Masanori , Tobe Musashi , Haga Kazunori , Uchida Kousuke , Honma Ichiya 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesTo determine the efficacy of two α1‐adrenoceptor antagonists with different affinities for α1‐adrenoceptor subtypes, silodosin and naftopidil, in the treatment of premature ejaculation.MethodsThis was a prospective, open‐label, multicenter trial. A total of 26 patients with untreated acquired premature ejaculation were enrolled. Premature ejaculation was defined based on the International Society for Sexual Medicine recommendation. Patients self‐administered on demand silodosin 4 mg or naftopidil 25 mg 1 h before intercourse, alternating drugs at least three times each. Clinical global impression change for premature ejaculation, premature ejaculation profile, and intravaginal ejaculation latency time were evaluated at baseline and during treatment.ResultsDue to clinical global impression change, 24 patients (92%) and 12 patients (46%) reported improvement in their own premature ejaculation problems under silodosin and nafitopidil administration, respectively. Silodosin treatment produced a significantly higher improvement rate compared with naftopidil (P = 0.0002). Objectively, silodosin significantly prolonged intravaginal ejaculation latency time compared with baseline and naftopidil (P < 0.01). Mean intravaginal ejaculation latency times were 1.9, 4.1, and 7.6 min at baseline, control and with silodosin, respectively. The rate of reduced semen volume during silodosin treatment was higher than during naftopidil treatment. There were no adverse systemic effects in either group.ConclusionsSilodosin, a highly selective α1A‐adrenoceptor antagonist, produces greater improvements in premature ejaculation profiles and related symptoms along with intravaginal ejaculation latency time in acquired premature ejaculation patients with or without erectile dysfunction. This result supports the clinical use of silodosin as an alternative treatment for premature ejaculation.
Caries treatment decisions among undergraduate and postgraduate students supported by visual detection systems
Authors: Nogueira Vinícius Krieger Costa , Bussaneli Diego Girotto , Restrepo Manuel Restrepo , Spin‐Neto Rubens , dos Santos‐Pinto Lourdes Aparecida Martins , Boldieri Thalita , Cordeiro Rita de Cássia Loiola 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundThe difficulties of caries diagnosis and the level of examiner’s experience may influence the treatment decision, resulting excessive and inefficient intervention.AimThis randomized experimental study evaluated caries treatment decisions made by undergraduate (UG) and postgraduate (PG) students when examination was performed through conventional visual clinical examination (CVCE) and when supported by ICDAS (IC) or Nyvad's (NY) criteria.DesignFour UG and four PG initially analyzed, by CVCE, 300 primary incisors and molars surfaces of 25 children aged 5–12 years, and choose between no treatment, non‐operative, and operative treatment. Students were randomized between IC (2UG; 2PG) and NY (2UG; 2PG) and, after one week of receiving training, repeated evaluations and treatment suggestions. Reference standard was established by two researchers’ consensus. Sensitivity, specificity, ROC analysis, and kappa were calculated. Treatment decisions were analyzed by means of contingency tables.ResultsOnly sensitivity showed statistical difference (P < 0.05). Operative treatment had high percentage for initial lesions at first evaluation for both criteria; second evaluation showed higher percentage of non‐operative treatments for the same lesions.ConclusionsIC and NY present satisfactory performance in primary teeth by UG and PG, and their use may assistance UG to adopt a less interventionist approach for initial enamel lesions.
The presence of the diagnostic character of the genus Paraleucilla (Amphoriscidae, Calcarea, Porifera) may depend on the volume and body wall thickness of the sponges
Authors: Lanna Emilio , Rattis Ludmila , Cavalcanti Fernanda F. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe main difference between the sponge genera Leucilla and Paraleucilla (Porifera, Calcarea, Amphoriscidae) is the presence of a disorganized zone (DZ) in the inner region of the skeleton of the latter genus. However, it has been repeatedly observed that specimens from different species of Paraleucilla lack this feature. It is assumed that the size of the sponge may have an effect on the presence or the absence of the DZ, but no investigation of this morphological variation has previously tested this hypothesis. Here, we examined this assumption and described the frequency with which the DZ is absent from individuals of Paraleucilla magna. We also investigated possible drivers of the observed variation using generalized linear models to evaluate whether the month of the year, rainfall, reproductive activity, volume, and body wall thickness could influence the presence or the absence of the DZ. The DZ was absent from 46.5% of the analyzed individuals, indicating that it may be misleading to use this trait to identify the genera Leucilla and Paraleucilla. The presence of the DZ in P. magna is influenced negatively by volume and positively by body wall thickness of the individuals. Our results confirm the previous assumptions for the family Amphoriscidae and highlight problems with the current classification of Calcarea. A discussion of the validity of some morphological characters and the importance of analyzing their variation is provided.
Glycine max and Glycine soja are capable of cold acclimation
Authors: Robison J. , Arora N. , Yamasaki Y. , Saito M. , Boone J. , Blacklock B. , Randall S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSoybean has been considered a cold intolerant species; based largely upon seed germination and soil emergent evaluations. This study reports a distinct acquisition of cold tolerance, in seedlings, following short acclimation periods. Diversity in cold responses was assessed in eight cultivars of Glycine max and six accessions of G. soja. All varieties of soybean significantly increased in freezing tolerance following acclimation. This study indicates soybean seedlings are indeed capable of sensing cold and acquiring cold tolerance. Germination rates after cold imbibition were negatively correlated with maturity group, but positively correlated with cold acclimation potential in G. soja. Seed fatty acid composition was varied between the species, with Glycine soja accessions containing about 2‐times more linolenic acid (18:3) than G. max. Furthermore, high levels of linoleic acid (18:2) in seeds were positively correlated with germination rates following cold imbibition in G. soja only. We suggest that domestication has not impacted the overall ability of soybean to cold acclimate at the seedling stage and that there is little variation within the domesticated species for ability to cold acclimate. Thus, this brief comparative study reduces the enthusiasm for the “wild” species as an additional source of genetic diversity for cold tolerance.
Residual stress and electrical properties of Pb(Zr0.52,Ti0.48)O3 thin films RF sputtered directly on Cu foils
Authors: Walenza‐Slabe Joel , Gibbons Brady J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPolycrystalline Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PZT) thin films between 250 and 1000 nm thick were deposited on Cu foils via RF magnetron sputtering. Samples were crystallized ex situ between 550°C and 750°C in a low oxygen partial pressure atmosphere, pO2, in order to avoid oxidation of the substrate. These were compared to films made on more common Pt/TiOx/SiO2/Si substrates also crystallized under low pO2 conditions. The mismatch of the coefficients of thermal expansion for Cu and PZT caused large compressive residual stresses to develop in the films, whereas films on Pt‐Si experienced more moderate tensile stresses. Stress was measured using the sin2ψ method. In addition to mechanical implications, i.e., film cracking and delamination, the effect of residual stress on electrical properties is discussed. Dielectric constants of PZT were lower on Cu than on Pt/TiOx/SiO2/Si. This could be due either to a dead layer effect or to the residual stress imposed by the substrate. The remanent polarizations for films on Cu were between 18 and 41 μC/cm2, while coercive fields were between 37 and 54kV/cm. Rayleigh analysis was used to describe the role of defects affecting domain wall mobility, as they act as pinning centers and decrease the extrinsic polarization response.
Microstress in the matrix of a melt‐infiltrated SiC/SiC ceramic matrix composite
Authors: Wing Bradley L. , Halloran John W. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMicrostress in the SiC: Si matrix of a ceramic matrix composite (CMC) has been characterized, using Raman spectroscopy. The matrix of the composite was manufactured using liquid melt infiltration, and has about 20% unreacted free silicon. During the processing of the composite, the unreacted free silicon expands 11 vol% when transforming from liquid to solid. This crystallization expansion creates compressive microstress in the silicon phase of the matrix, which ranges from 2.4 to 3.1 GPa, and tensile microstress in the SiC of the matrix which ranges from 0.24 to 0.75 GPa. The microstress varies significantly with position, following a normal distribution.