bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrograde Maculopathy in Patients With Glaucoma
Authors: Brazerol Jacqueline , Iliev Milko E. , Höhn René , Fränkl Stephan , Grabe Hilary , Abegg Mathias 
Published: February 2017

Purpose:
Macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) analysis can be used for quantitative measures of optic nerve atrophy at a location far from the optic nerve head. This recently led to the finding of microcystic macular edema (MME), that is vacuolar inclusions in the macular inner nuclear layer, in some glaucoma patients. The involvement of individual retinal layers is yet unclear in glaucoma. In this study we systematically investigated glaucoma-induced changes in macular layers to evaluate whether glaucoma-associated damage extends beyond the macular ganglion cell layer.

Patients and Methods:
We included 218 consecutive patients and 282 eyes with confirmed primary open-angle glaucoma or pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, and macular OCT in a cross-sectional observational study. Eyes were screened for presence of MME. Thickness of individual retinal layers was determined using a semiautomatic segmentation algorithm. Peripapillary nerve fiber layer thickness and mean defect in visual field testing were extracted from OCT and medical records, respectively. Results were compared with a small group of eyes with no apparent glaucoma.

Results:
We found MME in 5 eyes from 5 primary open-angle glaucoma patients and 3 eyes of 3 pseudoexfoliation glaucoma patients (2.8%). MME was confined to the inner nuclear layer in a perifoveal ring and was associated with thinning of the ganglion cell layer and thickening of the macular inner nuclear layer. Glaucoma eyes without MME showed a significant inverse correlation of inner nuclear layer thickness with glaucoma severity.

Conclusions:
Glaucomatous damage leads to a gradual thickening of the inner nuclear layer, which leads to MME in more severe glaucoma cases. These changes, along with nerve fiber loss and ganglion cell loss, may be summarized as glaucoma-associated retrograde maculopathy.
Comparison of Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography Bleb Grading, Moorfields Bleb Grading System, and Intraocular Pressure After Trabeculectomy
Authors: Wen Joanne C. , Stinnett Sandra S. , Asrani Sanjay 
Published: February 2017

Purpose:
To compare a novel anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) bleb grading system with a clinical bleb grading system and both with intraocular pressure (IOP) following trabeculectomy surgery.

Materials and Methods:
A novel AS-OCT grading system based on bleb size and internal reflectivity was developed. An imaging center was tasked with masked grading of AS-OCT images acquired by multiple surgical sites at postoperative week (POW) 2, postoperative month (POM) 4, 6, and 12, respectively. The Moorfields Bleb Grading System was used by another independent imaging center to grade clinical photos. The results of the 2 grading systems were compared and correlated with IOP.

Results:
Blebs of 124 eyes were assessed in this study. Higher (worse) AS-OCT bleb grades was significantly associated with: decreased bleb height at POM4, 6, and 12 (P<0.001, 0.001, and 0.0001), increased central bleb vascularity at POM4 and 12 (P=0.0026;0.036) and decreased maximal bleb area at POM6 and 12 (P=0.026; 0.01). A higher AS-OCT bleb grade correlated with a higher IOP at POM4 and 6 (P=0.004; 0.02), though no longer significant at POM12 (P=0.1). Increased maximum bleb vascularity was associated with increased IOP at POM4 (P=0.003) though none of the remaining MGBS parameters correlated significantly with IOP. Eyes with a final IOP of ≤12 mm Hg had significantly lower AS-OCT bleb grades at POM6 (P=0.045).

Conclusion:
A novel AS-OCT bleb grading system correlated well with a number of Moorfields Bleb Grading System variables throughout the 1-year postoperative period. Although the AS-OCT grades also correlated well with IOP throughout most of the postoperative period, it was limited in their abilities to predict final IOP.
Idiopathic Bilateral Profound Hypotony in an Unknown Progressive Neurodegenerative Disorder
Authors: Provencher Lorraine M. , Carter Pamela C. , Alward Wallace L.M. 
Published: February 2017

Purpose:
To present a unique case of idiopathic bilateral hypotony in a patient with progressive, undiagnosed neurological decline, possibly due to mitochondrial disease, and to explore mechanisms of disease and potential treatment options.

Methods:
This is a case report.

Patient:
A 17-year-old boy with a history of chronic progressive bilateral vision loss and hypotony in the setting of progressive gait abnormalities, lower extremity spasticity, nystagmus, and urinary retention starting around age 8. Despite extensive biochemical and genetic evaluation, no systemic etiology has been identified. He had no history of ocular trauma or surgery.

Results:
Examination confirmed the above history as well as decreased vision, significant bilateral astigmatism (7 D), short axial-eye-lengths, and disc edema with chorioretinal folds in the left eye. There was no inflammation or ciliary body detachment. We propose the etiology is similar to hypotony in myotonic dystrophy, in which low intraocular pressure may result from aqueous egress across the ciliary body face. The best treatment remains unclear, but surgical closure of the iridocorneal angle is under careful consideration. This may halt nonconventional (suprachoroidal) outflow.

Conclusions:
Management of ocular hypotony is typically directed at the underlying etiology. Idiopathic hypotony poses a unique treatment challenge. If excess aqueous flow across the ciliary body face is responsible, intentional closure of the iridocorneal angle may preserve vision.
Capturing Change: Creating a Template to Examine the Educational Experiences and Outcomes of the AONE Foundation Nurse Manager Fellowship
Authors: Mackoff Barbara L. , Meadows Mary T. , Nash Alice 
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study is to create a mixed-methods evaluation template to examine the educational experiences and outcomes of participants in the Nurse Manager Fellowship (NMF) sponsored by the American Organization of Nurse Executives (AONE) Foundation. The focus was to capture change as reported by the nurse manager (NM) fellows and the senior leaders who sponsored them and to gain access to the participants’ lived experiences as leadership learners.

BACKGROUND
The AONE Foundation’s NMF conducts a yearlong professional development program with a cohort of 30 fellows who meet 4 times a year in face-to-face sessions and complete a capstone project.

METHODS
Four data collection methods were used. Participants completed 2 quantitative leadership program outcome surveys, as well as 1 qualitative measure to focus on self-perceived change outcomes. Their sponsors completed a qualitative perception of change measure.

RESULTS
The participants’ reflections, self-reports, and the sponsor observations capture impactful changes in the NM fellows’ increases in knowledge and application in the spheres of self, organization, and community. The enhancement of the participants’ self-identification as leaders was also demonstrated.

CONCLUSIONS
The variety of data collection methods suggests both distinct choices in creating future evaluation templates for the fellowship and approaches that might be adapted by other organizations.
Volume and Pressure Delivery During Pediatric High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation
Authors: Wong Ronald , Deakers Timothy , Hotz Justin , Khemani Robinder G. , Ross Patrick A. , Newth Christopher J. 
Published: February 2017

Objective:
Identify variables independently associated with delivered tidal volume (Vt) and measured mean airway pressure during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation across the range of pediatric endotracheal tube sizes.

Design:
In vitro study.

Setting:
Research laboratory.

Interventions:
An in vitro bench model of the intubated pediatric respiratory system during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation was used to obtain delivered Vt and mean airway pressure (in the distal lung) for various endotracheal tube sizes. Measurements were taken at different combinations of ventilator set mean airway pressure (Paw), amplitude (ΔP), frequency, and test lung compliance. Multiple regression analysis was used to construct multivariable models predicting delivered Vt and mean airway pressure.

Measurements and Main Results:
Variables independently associated with higher delivered Vt for all endotracheal tube sizes include higher ΔP (p < 0.001), lower frequency (p < 0.001), and higher test lung compliance (p < 0.001). A multiplicative interaction between frequency and ΔP magnifies the delivered Vt when ΔP is high and frequency is low (p < 0.001). Delivered mean airway pressure becomes lower than set Paw as ΔP increases (p < 0.001) and frequency increases (p < 0.05). Ventilator set Paw is the largest determinant of delivered mean airway pressure; however, increasing ΔP resulted in a lower delivered mean airway pressure. For example, in a 4.0 mm ID endotracheal tube, increasing ΔP by 10 cm H2O resulted in an average decrease of delivered mean airway pressure by 4.5%.

Conclusions:
This is the first study to quantify the interaction between ΔP and frequency in delivered Vt and the effect of ΔP and frequency on delivered mean airway pressure. These results demonstrate the need to measure or estimate Vt and delivered pressures during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation and may be useful in determining optimal strategies for lung protective ventilation during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation.
Safety of Tofacitinib in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Latin America Compared With the Rest of the World Population
Authors: Castañeda Oswaldo M. , Romero Felix J. , Salinas Ariel , Citera Gustavo , Mysler Eduardo , Rillo Oscar , Radominski Sebastiao C. , Cardiel Mario H. , Jaller Juan J. , Alvarez-Moreno Carlos , Ponce de Leon Dario , Castelli Graciela , García Erika G. , Kwok Kenneth , Rojo Ricardo 
Published: February 2017

Objective
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, autoimmune disease characterized by joint destruction. Tofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of RA. This post hoc analysis assessed the safety of tofacitinib in Latin American (LA) patients with RA versus the Rest of World (RoW) population.

Methods
Data were pooled from 14 clinical studies of tofacitinib: six Phase 2, six Phase 3 and two long-term extension studies. Incidence rates (IRs; patients with events/100 patient-years of treatment exposure) were calculated for safety events of special interest combined across tofacitinib doses. 95% confidence intervals (CI) for IRs were calculated using the maximum likelihood method. Descriptive comparisons were made between LA and RoW (excluding LA) populations.

Results
This analysis included data from 984 LA patients and 4687 RoW patients. IRs for safety events of special interest were generally similar between LA and RoW populations, with overlapping 95% CIs. IRs for discontinuation due to adverse events, serious infections, tuberculosis, all herpes zoster (HZ), serious HZ, malignancies (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) and major adverse cardiovascular events were numerically lower for LA versus RoW patients; IR for mortality was numerically higher. No lymphoma was reported in the LA population versus eight cases in the RoW population. Exposure (extent and length) was lower in the LA population (2148.33 patient-years [mean = 2.18 years]) versus RoW (10515.68 patient-years [mean = 2.24 years]).

Conclusion
This analysis of pooled data from clinical studies of tofacitinib in patients with RA demonstrates that tofacitinib has a consistent safety profile across LA and RoW patient populations.
Treatment of Graft-versus-Host Disease by Echinomycin in a New Humanized Mouse Model
Authors: Liu Yan , Bailey Christopher , Lazarski Christopher , Wong Chun-shu , Zheng Pan , Liu Yang , Wang Yin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDrug development effort against GVHD is hampered by the lack of clinically relevant humanized animal models for preclinical testing. Current humanized GVHD models rely on adoptive transfer of a high number of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) into immunodeficient mice. Here we report a novel humanized GVHD model by transplanting a small number of human BM cells into newbornNOD. SCID IL2ry0(NSG) mice. Transplantation of human BM cells (BMT) causes acute GVHD, with lethality between 15 to 60 days. Pervasive human T-cell infiltration into multiple organs, including lung, intestine, skin, kidney, liver, and stomach, was observed in all mice analyzed. Surprisingly, the human T cells express high levels of hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) protein even under normoxic environment. Administration of Echinomycin, a potent inhibitor for HIF1α, rapidly ablated HIF1α protein in T cells and gradually reduced the frequency of human cells in the peripheral blood and target organs. Echinomycin provides a sustained therapeutic effect, as demonstrated by dramatic reduction of clinical symptoms, pathology score and by doubling of the median life span of the chimeric mice. Our results reveal a critical role of HIF1α in GVHD and demonstrate that HIF1α inhibitors such as Echinomycin should be explored for clinical drug development against GVHD.
“Opposite-of”-information improves similarity calculations in phenotype ontologies
Authors: Köohler Sebastian , Robinson Peter N , Mungall Christopher J 
Published: February 2017

AbstractOne of the most important use cases of ontologies is the calculation of similarity scores between a query and items annotated with classes of an ontology. The hierarchical structure of an ontology does not necessarily reflect all relevant aspects of the domain it is modelling, and this can reduce the performance of ontology-based search algorithms. For instance, the classes of phenotype ontologies may be arranged according to anatomical criteria, but individual phenotypic features may affect anatomic entities in opposite ways. Thus, “opposite” classes may be located in close proximity in an ontology; for example enlarged liver and small liver are grouped under abnormal liver size. Using standard similarity measures, these would be scored as being similar, despite in fact being opposites.In this paper, we use information about opposite ontology classes to extend two large phenotype ontologies, the human and the mammalian phenotype ontology. We also show that this information can be used to improve rankings based on similarity measures that incorporate this information. In particular, cosine similarity based measures show large improvements. We hypothesize this is due to the natural embedding of opposite phenotypes in vector space.We support the idea that the expressivity of semantic web technologies should be explored more extensively in biomedical ontologies and that similarity measures should be extended to incorporate more than the pure graph structure defined by the subclass or part-of relationships of the underlying ontologies.
A new model for ancient DNA decay based on paleogenomic meta-analysis
Authors: Kistler Logan , Ware Roselyn , Smith Oliver , Collins Matthew , Allaby Robin G. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe persistence of DNA over archaeological and paleontological timescales in diverse environments has led to revolutionary body of paleogenomic research, yet the dynamics of DNA degradation are still poorly understood. We analyzed 185 paleogenomic datasets and compared DNA survival with environmental variables and sample ages. We find cytosine deamination follows a conventional thermal age model, but we find no correlation between DNA fragmentation and sample age over the timespans analyzed, even when controlling for environmental variables. We propose a model for ancient DNA decay wherein fragmentation rapidly reaches a threshold, then subsequently slows. The observed loss of DNA over time is likely due to a bulk diffusion process, highlighting the importance of tissues and environments creating effectively closed systems for DNA preservation.
Maintaining the provenance of microscopy metadata using OMERO.forms software
Authors: Russell Douglas P.W. , Sorger Peter K. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe creation of datasets that are findable, accessible, interoperable and reproducible (the FAIR standard) requires that data provenance be maintained1. Provenance is particularly important for microscopy data, whose interpretation is dependent on the biological context (e.g. cell state) and detection reagent (e.g. antibody.) This paper describes a new software tool, OMERO.forms, that extends the OMERO microscopy data management system2to simplify and enhance metadata entry and provenance tracking.
“Way Smarter”: Valuair in the budget airline industry
Authors: Fan Terence P.C. 
Published: February 2017

Subject area
Strategic management and marketing.

Study level/applicability
Executive education; postgraduate; undergraduate.

Case overview
By 2004, the low-cost carrier model had just recently been introduced to Southeast Asia. Airlines under this model quickly began taking market share. Singapore's first budget carrier, Valuair, finds itself in fierce competition between two rapidly emerging competitors in the second half of 2004. Valuair needs to expand in order to remain competitive. However, for this to happen the company needs additional access to capital. The CEO, Sim Kay Wee, has begun pitching to investors that his company is a smart low-risk investment. Is Sim right, given Valuair's competitive position and the market environment in which it operates?

Expected learning outcomes
Students will be able to apply strategic frameworks in order to develop an understanding of Valuair's market position and use this understanding to advice investment decisions.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or e-mail support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
Conceptualising sustainable leadership
Authors: Gerard Laura , McMillan Janice , D’Annunzio-Green Norma 
Published: February 2017

PurposeLiterature encompassing sustainable leadership and developing leaders sustainably are still in infancy (Lambert, 2011). Nevertheless indications identify leadership as a vital cog in achieving sustainable organisations. Sustainable leadership can allow a fast, resilient response which is competitive and appealing to all stakeholders (Avery and Bergsteiner, 2011a, b). Arguably, organisations’ need to stop considering leadership as a control function (Casserley and Critchley, 2010; Crews, 2010) and instead focus on dialogue and mutual-interdependency between leaders and their followers (Barr and Dowding, 2012). The purpose of this paper is to explore and analyse the concept of sustainable leadership to present a conceptual framework surrounding sustainable leadership.Design/methodology/approachThis conceptual paper will review the existing frameworks of sustainable leadership and present a conceptualisation of the frameworks. This conceptualisation synthesises frameworks and literature surrounding the concept of sustainable leadership which involves work from Casserley and Critchley (2010), Avery and Bergsteiner (2011a, b), Hargreaves and Fink (2006), Davies (2007) and Lambert (2011). Seminal themes from the synthesised frameworks are presented in order to attempt to unify the conceptualisation of sustainable leadership.FindingsWithin leadership literature, stakeholder approaches (Groves and LaRocca, 2011; Avery and Bergsteiner, 2011a); discourses underlining the importance of relationship between leaders and followers (Barr and Dowding, 2012); and discussions about the need to develop reflexive and participative leadership models (Kopp and Martinuzzi, 2013) have become prominent. Sustainable leadership embraces all of these new components. The concept advocates organisations should shift emphasis from a traditional singular focus on finances, to a view that organisations are contributors to wider environmental and social influences (Crews, 2010; Avery and Bergsteiner, 2011a).Originality/valueThis paper explores the theoretical frameworks which surround sustainable leadership and will synthesise and present commonly referenced facets of the concept within the internal and external factors influencing sustainable leadership.
If you build it, will they sort it? Compost collection in the academic library learning commons
Authors: Hussong-Christian Uta 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to share one uncommon way that an academic library moved toward more sustainable library operations and to share lessons learned in the implementation of a compost collection program in an academic library.

Design/methodology/approach
Case study.

Findings
The right collaboration is critical to successfully implementing a library composting program and challenges like working around supply purchasing hurdles, reducing contamination in the collection bins, and working out appropriate assessment techniques may be encountered.

Practical implications
Academic libraries can implement compost collections program if the proper infrastructure exists and the appropriate partnerships are established.

Social implications
Academic libraries can be leaders in sustainable building operations and provide learning opportunities for the entire campus and surrounding community.

Originality/value
Very little published literature exists on implementing composting program in libraries of any kind. This case study helps to build that body of literature.
Sustainable library services for all
Authors: Pionke J.J. 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the need to create greater accessibility in libraries through the lens of sustainability.

Design/methodology/approach
Exploration of various types of theories including disability theory and sustainability as applied to business structure.

Findings
Using a two tiered approach, that of disability theory and sustainability, can create a useful framework for addressing issues of sustainable accessibility.

Originality/value
Accessibility is a major concern in libraries and creating a sustainable approach rather than utilizing a one size fits all angle will create better library buildings, spaces, and services. This paper focuses on discussing these issues in a way that allows for readers to come away with ideas about how to start shifting attitudes and programs toward a greater degree of sustainable accessibility.
Diversity within unity: jazzing up sustainable information literacy teams
Authors: Caplan Victoria F. , Wong Eunice S.P. 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to show how one medium-sized research library sustainably delivers large scale integrated library instruction via team efforts that allow for (and encourage) librarians diverse teaching approaches within a unified team.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper examines an individual case within the context of library and management research literature.

Findings
A self-managed library instruction team, using agreed upon learning outcomes and supported by good infrastructure, communication skills and tools, and within administration supportive of professional development and experimentation can sustainably delivery high volume, high-quality library instruction.

Practical implications
This paper may help other libraries learn how to develop their own self-managed teams to deliver sustainable high volume, high-quality library instruction.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the literature on self-managed teams in librarianship and especially self-managed teams to deliver sustainable high volume information literacy. It also contributes to the small pool of literature using the jazz metaphor in library instruction.