bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calibration of Contactless Pulse Oximetry
Authors: Verkruysse Wim , Bartula Marek , Bresch Erik , Rocque Mukul , Meftah Mohammed , Kirenko Ihor 
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUND:
Contactless, camera-based photoplethysmography (PPG) interrogates shallower skin layers than conventional contact probes, either transmissive or reflective. This raises questions on the calibratability of camera-based pulse oximetry.

METHODS:
We made video recordings of the foreheads of 41 healthy adults at 660 and 840 nm, and remote PPG signals were extracted. Subjects were in normoxic, hypoxic, and low temperature conditions. Ratio-of-ratios were compared to reference Spo
2 from 4 contact probes.

RESULTS:
A calibration curve based on artifact-free data was determined for a population of 26 individuals. For an Spo
2 range of approximately 83% to 100% and discarding short-term errors, a root mean square error of 1.15% was found with an upper 99% one-sided confidence limit of 1.65%. Under normoxic conditions, a decrease in ambient temperature from 23 to 7°C resulted in a calibration error of 0.1% (±1.3%, 99% confidence interval) based on measurements for 3 subjects. PPG signal strengths varied strongly among individuals from about 0.9 × 10−3 to 4.6 × 10−3 for the infrared wavelength.

CONCLUSIONS:
For healthy adults, the results present strong evidence that camera-based contactless pulse oximetry is fundamentally feasible because long-term (eg, 10 minutes) error stemming from variation among individuals expressed as A*rms is significantly lower (<1.65%) than that required by the International Organization for Standardization standard (<4%) with the notion that short-term errors should be added. A first illustration of such errors has been provided with A**rms = 2.54% for 40 individuals, including 6 with dark skin. Low signal strength and subject motion present critical challenges that will have to be addressed to make camera-based pulse oximetry practically feasible.
Initial Single-Center Technical Experience With the BrainPath System for Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage Evacuation
Authors: Bauer Andrew M. , Rasmussen Peter A. , Bain Mark D. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Surgical intervention has been proposed as a means of reducing the high morbidity and mortality associated with acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), but many previously reported studies have failed to show a clinically significant benefit. Newer, minimally invasive approaches have shown some promise.

OBJECTIVE: We report our early single-center technical experience with minimally invasive clot evacuation using the BrainPath system.

METHODS: Prospective data were collected on patients who underwent ICH evacuation with BrainPath at the Cleveland Clinic from August 2013 to May 2015.

RESULTS: Eighteen patients underwent BrainPath evacuation of ICH at our center. Mean ICH volume was 52.7 mL ± 22.9 mL, which decreased to 2.2 mL ± 3.6 mL postevacuation, resulting in a mean volume reduction of 95.7% ± 5.8% (range 0-14 mL, P < .001). In 65% of patients, a bleeding source was identified and treated. There were no hemorrhagic recurrences during the hospital stay. In this cohort, only 1 patient (5.6%) died in the first 30 days of follow-up. Median Glasgow Coma Score improved from 10 (interquartile range 5.75-12) preoperation to 14 (interquartile range 9-14.25) postoperation. Clinical follow-up in this cohort is ongoing.

CONCLUSION: Evacuation of ICH using the BrainPath system is safe and technically effective. The volume of clot removed compares favorably with other published studies. Early improved clinical outcomes are suggested by improvement in Glasgow Coma Score and reduced 30-day mortality. Ongoing analysis is necessary to elucidate long-term clinical outcomes and the subsets of patients who are most likely to benefit from surgery.
Organelle size control – increasing vacuole content activates SNAREs to augment organelle volume through homotypic fusion
Authors: Desfougères Yann , Neumann Heinz , Mayer Andreas 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
Cells control the size of their compartments relative to cell volume, but there is also size control within each organelle. Yeast vacuoles neither burst nor do they collapse into a ruffled morphology, indicating that the volume of the organellar envelope is adjusted to the amount of content. It is poorly understood how this adjustment is achieved. We show that the accumulating content of yeast vacuoles activates fusion of other vacuoles, thus increasing the volume-to-surface ratio. Synthesis of the dominant compound stored inside vacuoles, polyphosphate, stimulates binding of the chaperone Sec18/NSF to vacuolar SNAREs, which activates them and triggers fusion. SNAREs can only be activated by lumenal, not cytosolic, polyphosphate (polyP). Control of lumenal polyP over SNARE activation in the cytosol requires the cytosolic cyclin-dependent kinase Pho80–Pho85 and the R-SNARE Nyv1. These results suggest that cells can adapt the volume of vacuoles to their content through feedback from the vacuole lumen to the SNAREs on the cytosolic surface of the organelle.
Evolutionary escalation: the bat–moth arms race
Authors: ter Hofstede Hannah M. , Ratcliffe John M. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTEcholocation in bats and high-frequency hearing in their insect prey make bats and insects an ideal system for studying the sensory ecology and neuroethology of predator–prey interactions. Here, we review the evolutionary history of bats and eared insects, focusing on the insect order Lepidoptera, and consider the evidence for antipredator adaptations and predator counter-adaptations. Ears evolved in a remarkable number of body locations across insects, with the original selection pressure for ears differing between groups. Although cause and effect are difficult to determine, correlations between hearing and life history strategies in moths provide evidence for how these two variables influence each other. We consider life history variables such as size, sex, circadian and seasonal activity patterns, geographic range and the composition of sympatric bat communities. We also review hypotheses on the neural basis for anti-predator behaviours (such as evasive flight and sound production) in moths. It is assumed that these prey adaptations would select for counter-adaptations in predatory bats. We suggest two levels of support for classifying bat traits as counter-adaptations: traits that allow bats to eat more eared prey than expected based on their availability in the environment provide a low level of support for counter-adaptations, whereas traits that have no other plausible explanation for their origination and maintenance than capturing defended prey constitute a high level of support. Specific predator counter-adaptations include calling at frequencies outside the sensitivity range of most eared prey, changing the pattern and frequency of echolocation calls during prey pursuit, and quiet, or ‘stealth’, echolocation.
Self-assembled Structure of Polyrotaxane Consisting of β-Cyclodextrin and Poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) Triblock Copolymer in Bulk System
Authors: Uenuma Shuntaro , Maeda Rina , Takahashi Shoko , Kato Kazuaki , Yokoyama Hideaki , Ito Kohzo 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Polyrotaxanes consisting of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) triblock copolymer end-capped with bulky trityl groups were synthesized for the first time. Self-assembled structures of the bulk sample cast from water and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) based on the crystal structure of β-CD molecules and triblock copolymer microphase separation were investigated using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). It was found that microphase-separated structures of a different periodic distance were formed depending on the casting solvent.
Towards understanding the molecular mechanism of cardiolipin transport in Salmonella typhimurium: interactions between an essential inner membrane protein YejM and its newly found ligand, YejL
Authors: Gabale Uma , Qian Gene , Roach Elaina , Ressl Susanne 
Published: June 2016

Salmonella typhimurium is responsible for over 35% of all foodborne illness related hospitalizations in the United States. This Gram-negative bacterium possesses an inner and an outer membrane (OM), the latter allowing its survival and replication within host tissues. During infection, OM is remodeled by transport of glycerophospholipids across the periplasm and into the OM. Increased levels of cardiolipin in the OM were observed upon PhoPQ activation and led to the discovery of YejM; an inner membrane protein essential for cell growth involved in cardiolipin binding and transport to the OM. Another protein that might be playing a role in cardiolipin transport is YejL, as its gene is localized upstream of yejm on the same operon. Here we report how YejM was engineered to facilitate crystal growth and X-ray diffraction analysis. Furthermore, we present for the first time that YejL is a ligand for YejM. Successful structure determination of YejM and YejL will help us understand how they interact and how YejM facilitates cardiolipin transport to the OM. Ultimately, yejm, being an essential gene, may lead to new drug targets inhibiting the pathogenic properties of S. typhimurium.
Prevention and management of COPD exacerbations
Authors: Rodman Anne 
Published: June 2016

There is a human and a financial cost to each acute exacerbation of COPD. Anne Rodman explains the characteristics of acute exacerbations, the current evidence base for strategies to treat exacerbations and help patients manage their condition This article explores the role of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) in the natural course of the disease, and how to prevent and manage these in the most effective way. after defining the characteristics of AECOPD and their impact on patients and the health economy, the author discusses the current evidence base for pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies to reduce the frequency of exacerbations and minimise their effect on patients' quality of life. The article goes on to summarise how to manage AECOPD when they occur, and how to organise care to support patients during an exacerbation, including provision of self-management plans and appropriate prescribing of rescue packs to patients. The article will allow the reader to understand factors influencing the frequency and severity of acute exacerbations and appreciate strategies that reduce the impact of these on patients' quality of life and on the health economy.
Travellers to high altitude: Providing advice
Authors: Brewer Catherine 
Published: June 2016

Travel to high altitudes has increased in recent years. Travellers need to have a full travel health consultation to enable them to make their trip safely. Catherine Brewer provides an overview of the key points to discuss Travelling to high altitude can have several effects on health. altitude starts having an effect on the body at about 1500–2000m above sea level. Travellers should be advised that proper acclimatisation cuts the risk of suffering from altitude-related problems. acute mountain sickness is the body's reaction to ascent to high altitude. it is important that travellers are aware of the symptoms, how to reduce the risk, and know what to do if they experience symptoms. Travellers should also be reminded of the risks of hypothermia, frostnip and frostbite, and be given advice on how to prevent these conditions. Being aware of these risks can help travellers to be safe at altitude.
Tenacious Selection of Nash Equilibrium
Authors: Alioğulları Zeynel Harun , Barlo Mehmet 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe propose a complexity measure and an associated refinement based on the observation that best responses with more variations call for more precise anticipation. The variations around strategy profiles are measured by considering the cardinalities of players’ pure strategy best responses when others’ behavior is perturbed. After showing that the resulting selection method displays desirable properties, it is employed to deliver a refinement: the tenacious selection of Nash equilibrium. We prove that it exists; does not have containment relations with perfection, properness, persistence and other refinements; and possesses some desirable features.
On Nash Implementability in Allotment Economies under Domain Restrictions with Indifference
Authors: Doghmi Ahmed 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this paper we give a full characterization of Nash implementability of social choice correspondences (SCCs) in allotment economies on preference domains with private values and different types of indifference. We focus on single-peaked/single-plateaued preferences with worst indifferent allocations, single-troughed preferences and single-troughed preferences with best indifferent allocations. We begin by introducing a weak variant of no-veto power, called
A Locally Modal B-Spline Based Full-Vector Finite-Element Method with PML for Nonlinear and Lossy Plasmonic Waveguide
Authors: Karimi Hossein , Nikmehr Saeid , Khodapanah Ehsan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we develop a B-spline finite-element method (FEM) based on a locally modal wave propagation with anisotropic perfectly matched layers (PMLs), for the first time, to simulate nonlinear and lossy plasmonic waveguides. Conventional approaches like beam propagation method, inherently omit the wave spectrum and do not provide physical insight into nonlinear modes especially in the plasmonic applications, where nonlinear modes are constructed by linear modes with very close propagation constant quantities. Our locally modal B-spline finite element method (LMBS-FEM) does not suffer from the weakness of the conventional approaches. To validate our method, first, propagation of wave for various kinds of linear, nonlinear, lossless and lossy materials of metal-insulator plasmonic structures are simulated using LMBS-FEM in MATLAB and the comparisons are made with FEM-BPM module of COMSOL Multiphysics simulator and B-spline finite-element finite-difference wide angle beam propagation method (BSFEFD-WABPM). The comparisons show that not only our developed numerical approach is computationally more accurate and efficient than conventional approaches but also it provides physical insight into the nonlinear nature of the propagation modes.
Filling the gap: first record of the transparent-winged big-eared bat Histiotus diaphanopterus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in southwestern Brazil
Authors: Semedo Thiago Borges Fernandes , Feijó Anderson 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Known only from five localities Histiotus diaphanopterus is the least known species of the genus, occurring in the dry diagonal vegetation across central-eastern South America. Herein, we provide two new records of the species based on voucher specimens and provide new data on its reproductive biology. Our record from Brazil represents the southernmost locality of H. diaphanopterus in the Cerrado, filling a gap in the geographic distribution of the species approximately 1200 km and 950 km to the records of northeast Brazil and central Bolivia, respectively. The reproductive data suggest a polyestrous seasonal bimodal reproductive pattern in the Cerrado biome.
The acceptance-rejection method for low-discrepancy sequences
Authors: Nguyen Nguyet , Ökten Giray 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Generation of pseudorandom numbers from different probability distributions has been studied extensively in the Monte Carlo simulation literature. Two standard generation techniques are the acceptance-rejection and inverse transformation methods. An alternative approach to Monte Carlo simulation is the quasi-Monte Carlo method, which uses low-discrepancy sequences, instead of pseudorandom numbers, in simulation. Low-discrepancy sequences from different distributions can be obtained by the inverse transformation method, just like for pseudorandom numbers. In this paper, we present an acceptance-rejection algorithm for low-discrepancy sequences. We prove a convergence result, and present error bounds. We then use this acceptance-rejection algorithm to develop quasi-Monte Carlo versions of some well-known algorithms to generate beta and gamma distributions, and investigate the efficiency of these algorithms numerically. We also consider the simulation of the variance gamma model, a model used in computational finance, where the generation of these probability distributions are needed. Our results show that the acceptance-rejection technique can result in significant improvements in computing time over the inverse transformation method in the context of low-discrepancy sequences.
Policy Initiatives towards the Nonprofit Sector: Insights from the Israeli Case
Authors: Almog-Bar Michal 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe article aims to describe and analyze the main processes of policy initiatives towards the nonprofit sector in Israel since 2000, and their implications for the nonprofit sector and civil society. The process started with a review of policies regarding the sector, its roles and relationship with the government conducted by an ad hoc Review Committee established in February 2000. This then developed into few policy initiatives: in the Ministry of Social Welfare; by a governmental committee to review allocations to the nonprofit sector, and another project by the Prime Minister’s Office that attempted to change the relations between nonprofit organizations and the government. These initiatives are analyzed, focusing on the actors and the politics of the process, as well as subsequent changes and their impact on the government and civil society in Israel. The analysis reveals that, while the policy initiatives have created new forms and forums for dialogue and joint work between main-stream nonprofit organizations and the government, it has neither developed nor strengthened such organizations and civil society as an alternative public sphere. The insights obtained from the Israeli case of policy development towards the nonprofit sector points to a need for a more nuanced consideration of partnership policies between the government and the nonprofit sector, and their implications for nonprofit organizations and civil society.
Structure of the adducts methylthiourea: 1,4-dioxane (2:1) and 1,1-dimethylthiourea: morpholine (1:1)
Authors: Taouss Christina , Jones Peter G. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The adducts methylthiourea:1,4-dioxane (2:1) (1) and 1,1-dimethylthiourea:morpholine (1:1) (2) were prepared and their crystal structures determined. In 1, hydrogen bonding involving the methylthiourea molecules leads to the formation of

R
2
2

(
8
)

${\rm{R}}_2^2(8)$

rings and thence to molecular ribbons parallel to [110]. The dioxane molecules accept hydrogen bonds from the remaining NH groups, and their inversion symmetry means that they connect adjacent methylthiourea ribbons, forming a layer structure parallel to (11̅1). In the packing of 2, dimethylthiourea dimers cannot link to each other because of the blocking effect of their methyl groups, but instead are linked indirectly via morpholine molecules, the NH groups of which are simultaneously hydrogen bond acceptors from the remaining NH function of dimethylthiourea and donors towards the sulfur atom of a neighbouring dimer. The overall effect is to form broad ribbons parallel to the a axis, with the morpholine molecules occupying the peripheral positions. The morpholine oxygen atom of 2 is not involved in classical hydrogen bonds.
Arterial Stiffness and Autonomic Modulation After Free-Weight Resistance Exercises in Resistance Trained Individuals
Authors: Kingsley J. Derek , Mayo Xián , Tai Yu Lun , Fennell Curtis 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Kingsley, JD, Mayo, X, Tai, YL, and Fennell, C. Arterial stiffness and autonomic modulation after free-weight resistance exercises in resistance trained individuals. J Strength Cond Res 30(12): 3373–3380, 2016—We investigated the effects of an acute bout of free-weight, whole-body resistance exercise consisting of the squat, bench press, and deadlift on arterial stiffness and cardiac autonomic modulation in 16 (aged 23 ± 3 years; mean ± SD) resistance-trained individuals. Arterial stiffness, autonomic modulation, and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) were assessed at rest and after 3 sets of 10 repetitions at 75% 1-repetition maximum on each exercise with 2 minutes of rest between sets and exercises. Arterial stiffness was analyzed using carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV). Linear heart rate variability (log transformed [ln] absolute and normalized units [nu] of low-frequency [LF] and high-frequency [HF] power) and nonlinear heart rate complexity (Sample Entropy [SampEn], Lempel-Ziv Entropy [LZEn]) were measured to determine autonomic modulation. BRS was measured by the sequence method. A 2 × 2 repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze time (rest, recovery) across condition (acute resistance exercise, control). There were significant increases in cf-PWV (p = 0.05), heart rate (p = 0.0001), normalized LF (LFnu; p = 0.001), and the LF/HF ratio (p = 0.0001). Interactions were also noted for ln HF (p = 0.006), HFnu (p = 0.0001), SampEn (p = 0.001), LZEn (p = 0.005), and BRS (p = 0.0001) such that they significantly decreased during recovery from the resistance exercise compared with rest and the control. There was no effect on ln total power, or ln LF. These data suggest that a bout of resistance exercise using free-weights increases arterial stiffness and reduces vagal activity and BRS in comparison with a control session. Vagal tone may not be fully recovered up to 30 minutes after a resistance exercise bout.