bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of Secondary Glaucoma Postscleral Buckle Surgery: A Tertiary Hospital Experience in Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Sarimiye Tarela , Ijaiya-Olatoke Nafisat , Babalola Yewande , Majekodunmi Oluwole , Ijaduola Modupe , Olawoye Olusola , Oluleye Tunji 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
To evaluate the rate of postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation and its management in patients who have undergone scleral buckle surgery as a primary intervention for retinal detachment.

Materials and Methods:
This was a retrospective review of hospital files of scleral buckle surgeries for retinal detachment from January 2016 to December 2021 at the University College Hospital Ibadan. All patients with a previous history of glaucoma, vitreoretinal surgery, or a combination of vitrectomy and scleral buckling procedures were excluded from the review. An IOP of ≥22 mmHg after surgery was considered elevated.

Results:
A total of 148 patients’ charts were reviewed with 125 patients (131 eyes) included in the study. There were 81 males (64.8%) and the mean age of patients was 45.2 (±18.8) years, with a range of 5–81 years. Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment accounted for 97.7% (128 eyes) of all cases and 118 eyes (90.1%) were recent detachments. Seventy-nine eyes (60.3%) recorded elevated IOP postscleral buckle surgery. The mean elevated IOP postbuckle surgery was 27.9 (±6.2) mmHg and the mean antiglaucoma medications prescribed was 2.4 (±2) with a range of 2–5 medications. Four eyes (5.1%) needed surgical intervention for the elevated IOP. The last follow-up mean IOP was 14.3 (±4.1) mmHg.

Conclusion:
Elevated IOP frequently complicates scleral buckle procedure and medical treatment is usually sufficient. As a common complication, this should be considered in advance when planning for the procedure, especially in low-income countries like Nigeria where scleral buckling surgery is still in common practice.
Frequency and Correlation of Fingerprints and Lip Prints with ABO Blood Groups among Nkalaha of South-Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Chima Monday N. , Ewunonu Ojims , Ugoji Darlington-Peter Chibuzor , Mamah Johnbosco E. , Okoye Paschal Chijioke , Ortuanya Kelvin E. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Forensic individual identification system is one of the accurate ways of identification. The need to improve existing methods continues to be an area of research.

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the frequency and correlation of different lip print patterns and fingerprint pattern distribution compared with gender and ABO blood group.

Methodology:
The study was conducted on 200 healthy volunteers aged 15–50 years. Each subject’s thermoscopic and dermatographic data were analysed according to Suzuki, Tsuchihashi, and Henry classification systems. ABO blood test was done and recorded for each subject. Pearson statistics were done, and tests were considered statistically significant when the P value was at 0.05; a Bar chart was applied to analyse the prevalence of the variables.

Results:
The O blood group was noted as common among the genders, followed by A, while the least was AB. Type III lip print pattern was the most predominant, while the least common was Type V in both genders. The radial loop fingerprint pattern was the most common in both genders, followed by Whorl, while Arch was least noted in males and tented loop in females. A significant correlation was found between ABO and lip print patterns except for Type V in both genders. A positive correlation was observed between all the ABO with fingerprint patterns, except for A and TL (A with fingerprint: r = 1, P = 0.05, B: r = 0.889, P = 0.001, O: r = 0.976, P = 0.000 and AB: r = 0.120, P = 0.742).

Conclusion:
We found an association between lip print patterns and fingerprints with ABO in both genders; thus, correlating this physical evidence sometimes helps the forensic team get an accurate personal identification or narrow the search for an individual where no possible data refer to the subject’s identity.
Relationship between Levels of Interleukin-6 and Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha and Khorana Scores of Newly Diagnosed Ambulatory Cancer Patients
Authors: Ugwu Angela Ogechukwu , Ocheni Sunday , Ugwu Emmanuel Onyebuchi , Ekwueme Peter Chienye , Ajuba Ifeoma Clara , Duru Augustine Nwakuche , Onwasigwe Chiemelie Raluchukwu , Kangiwa Umar Garba , Anigbo Chukwudi Simon 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
In cancer microenvironment, there is increased production of inflammatory cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1a, and IL-6. These cytokines are capable of causing thrombus formation through the activation of tissue factors. Then, the Khorana risk score can be Utilised to stratify the risk of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients.

Aim:
The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between levels of IL 6, TNF-α, and Khorana scores of chemotherapy-naïve ambulatory cancer patients (CNACPs).

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study. The case group (n = 100) consisted of newly diagnosed CNACP recruited from adult oncology clinics of University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla Enugu, Nigeria, whereas the control group (n = 100) consisted of healthy individuals. The participants’ blood samples were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique for IL-6 and TNF-α. Demographic variables were analysed using descriptive statistics in the form of frequencies and percentages and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
There were significant differences between the mean levels of IL-6 (P = 0.036) and TNF-α (P = 0.001) in three Khorana score groups of the case group. Further, comparisons of mean IL-6 levels between three Khorana score groups showed that differences were between high-risk versus low-risk groups (P = 0.026) and between intermediate-risk versus low-risk groups (P = 0.014). Comparison of mean TNF-α levels in three Khorana score groups of CNACP showed that differences were between high-risk versus low-risk groups (P = 0.026) and between intermediate-risk versus low-risk groups (P = 0.014). Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between the Khorana scores and IL-6 (r = 0.28, P = 0.031) and TNF-α (r = 0.254, P = 0.011). The mean serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly higher in CNACP than in healthy control (8.98 [8–12] pg/ml vs. 8.43 [2–10] pg/ml, P < 0.001) and (P < 0.001 and < 0.01), respectively.

Conclusion:
Inflammatory biomarkers are elevated in ambulatory CNACP and their values are significantly related with Khorana scores. There is a need for more studies on the possible benefit of prophylactic anticoagulation for newly diagnosed CNACP.
An Audit of Indication, Distribution, and Failure of Direct Composite Restoration in a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Gbadebo Shakeerah O. , Adebayo Gbenga Emmanuel , Oyediran Asidat Olayonu , Baraya Zakka Gundiri 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Currently, the move to phase down/phase out Amalgam as a direct restorative material has made composite restoration presently the most used direct tooth-coloured restoration in all teeth.

Aim:
The aim is to assess the indication, distribution, and failure of direct composite restorations placed in a tertiary teaching hospital over a period.

Methodology:
A three-year retrospective audit of composite restorations placed in a Nigeria tertiary facility. Data concerning composite cases were extracted from the case files using a pro forma. Sociodemographics, type of procedure, type of teeth, shade of composite, and failure of restoration were among the data collected. Descriptive analysis was performed using frequency and percentage, and Chi-square test was used to test associations between categorical variables (P < 0.05).

Results:
A total of 898 cases were retrieved and analysed. A higher number: 333 (37.1%) of the participants were in the age group 21–40 years and the majority were (507, 56.5%). Cervical abrasion (289; 32.2%), followed by class 1 carious cavity (105; 11.7%), were the major procedures specified. Upper centrals had the highest restoration (135; 15%). Only 24.5% of the restorations reported the use of glass ionomer cement (GIC) lining. Shade A3 was the most used (73; 57%). The failure rate recorded was 13.8% and the use of GIC reduced it to 5.1% (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
A 13.8% failure of composite restoration within the three-year study period was observed, which fell within the reported range from other studies. Furthermore, it was observed that the use of GIC lining, where necessary, contributed to the survival of composite restoration.
Assessment of Perception of the Cashless Policy and Its Perceived Impact on Livelihood and Health-care Access in Nigeria
Authors: Salako Julius , Bakare Damola , Sogbesan Abiodun , Bakare Ayobami Adebayo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
The introduction of the cashless policy by the Nigerian government and the Central Bank of Nigeria was aimed at reducing the quantity of actual cash in circulation and promoting an increase in electronic-based transactions for the purchase of goods and services. However, the unforeseen effects of the cashless economy’s flaws have affected various industries, including the health sector. This study will, therefore, aim to assess the perception of the cashless policy and its perceived impact on livelihood and health-care access in Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional study among residents across three states (Oyo, Lagos, and Jigawa) in Nigeria. We assessed respondents’ opinions about the cashless policy, we assessed the perceived impact of the cashless policy on livelihood and health care, and we assessed respondents’ coping methods to the cashless policy. The opinions of respondents, the perceived impact of the cashless policy, and the coping methods were all presented in tables and appropriate graphical illustrations and charts.

Results:
Overall, most of our respondents believe that the cashless policy was bad. Some respondents lost their jobs and experienced reduced income while many also reported that the policy has made life generally difficult for them. Most respondents skipped meals as a way of coping with the effect of the cashless policy, while many others have had to adopt the use of smartphones and POS machines as a substitute for cash transactions.

Conclusion:
The analysis of our findings revealed that the cashless policy created difficulty for people and resulted in lower living standards. Given the report of loss of jobs and growing poverty, the nation faces an increased danger of crime. Hence, the government, banking sector, and other pertinent stakeholders must make sure that the infrastructures required for the seamless execution of the cashless policy are in place.
Albino Wistar Rats: Advantages and Limitations in Biomedical Research
Authors: Krubaa P. , Yogitha P. S. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Albino Wistar rats refer to a strain of the Wistar rats which is part of the Norway rat species; it is a popular animal model in many areas of research specifically in neuroscience, pharmacology, and toxicology among others. These rats are particularly valuable due to their high level of genetic homogeneity, ease of handling, and reproducible results which have kept them in the list of requirements for researchers who want to minimize extraneous variables in their studies. One can bet on the fact that the Albino Wistar rats are inbred, and therefore, even their genetic disposition is normalized. Wistar rats originated from the United States of America in the 19th century. In several generations of breeding, this rat strain was used to establish desired characteristics, which resulted in greatly reduced genetic variability. Thus, throughout the whole process of the research, one can be sure that the results of the study will not have any relation to the genetic differences of the participants. In addition, Albino Wistar rats are a kind of animal that is inoffensive and takes well to experimental environment. This ensures that the animals do not have to be subdued or fought before getting a sample and the process does not have to stress the animals or the researcher. Furthermore, they have a shorter gestation period, approximately 21 days, and a short existence of approximately 2 years. Such features make Albino Wistar rats suitable to be used by researchers who would wish to get a fast result or those who have a small budget. It should also be pointed out, although, that there are some drawbacks in employing Albino Wistar rats as animal subjects as well. The following is the major drawback; they are prone to certain diseases for example infections and some types of tumors. It means that the studied population may have higher sensitivity to disease and its manifestations, which may influence the results of studies, when disease processes or potential treatments are examined. The other limitation is that Albino Wistar rat has a relatively shorter life span than any other strain of rats. Reduced life expectancy can also reduce the possibilities of research, especially in trials concerned with aging or late outcomes of interventions. Experimentalists must put these aspects into consideration when choosing their sample and the type of animals to use. Nevertheless, despite these drawbacks, Wistar rats still can be considered valuable source for the researchers taking into account all the mentioned advantages. Because of their high reproducibility, ease of handling, genetic uniformity, and ability to adapt to the laboratory conditions, they provide a perfect model for dissecting complex biological functions and generating new models for diseases affecting mankind. Due to the advancement in scientific knowledge and technology, the researchers may 1 day overcome the said-named limitations associated with the use of Albino Wistar rats as animal models.
Idiopathic Chronic Adhesive Arachnoiditis Presenting with Paraparesis
Authors: Ramesh V. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Arachnoiditis is a heterogeneous, relatively complex, and challenging process for an inflammatory response involving the arachnoid mater. Major symptoms include chronic, sometimes incapacitating pain, neurological deficit, and finally, some degree of disturbance of normal flow of cerebrospinal fluid. Diagnosis depends on all these factors: history of the patient, examination of the patient, and sophisticated imaging techniques like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Treatment is essentially supportive, consisting of pain management and improvement in function, which may need a multimodal approach of medications, physical therapy, and surgical interventions. The authors present this case report of a 45-year-old female patient treated for chronic paraparesis due to dense arachnoid adhesions entrapping nerve roots that required surgical intervention. Her symptoms began 4 years ago and have progressed; this underlines the fact that an earlier diagnosis with a tailored care plan could have made a difference. MRI imaging was significant in the identification of characteristic radiological markers of arachnoiditis. In the postoperative rehabilitation plan, physiotherapy was included to attain better functional status. Although motor recovery remained limited, decompression of the affected nerve roots provided symptomatic relief. For any comprehensive care strategies in chronic arachnoiditis, a multidisciplinary approach with health providers from all specialties is necessary. Continuous follow-up and individual rehabilitation programs form the mainstay of optimizing recovery and managing long-term symptoms.
SJLA_2024_A1: Appendix and Ascending Colon Intussusception through a Prolapsed Transverse Colostomy: A Case Report with Literature Review
Authors: Alquraish Fatimah Abdullah , Ibrahim Arwa Hanafie , Alshammari Turki 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Stoma creation is one of the most common performed surgical procedures. For both benign and malignant conditions, in elective and emergency settings. Like any surgical procedure, it is associated with complications. One of the most frequently encountered is prolapse, with the incidence rate reaching 26%. On the other hand, intussusception of the bowel through the ostomy is a rare complication, with few cases being reported in the literature.

Methods:
The study was a case report.

Results:
We reported a case of a 52-year-old female with a proximal limb transverse loop colostomy prolapse noted 1 day before her presentation. Intraoperatively, cecal intussusception through the ostomy is encountered with unsalvageable right colon. The patient ended up with right hemicolectomy, end ileostomy, and mucus fistula.

Discussion:
Although stoma prolapse is a common late complication with an impact on quality of life in terms of difficulty with appliance fitting, it can be an early sign of a serious condition like intussusception. This necessitates a differentiation between intussusception through a prolapsed colostomy from simple prolapse. Based on literature, reduced stoma output along with significant irreducible prolapsed segment are the frequent clinical characteristics. Yet, it should be noted that the intussuscepted segment is only evident upon surgical exploration.

Conclusion:
Caution during stoma creation must be attempted, with the avoidance of underestimating a significant irreducible prolapse. As it may be lead to intussusception and subsequent bowel perforation.
SJLA_2024_A13: Utilized Ports in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Is it a Matter of Numbers? A Systematic
Authors: Alshammary Shadi A. , Boumarah Dhuha N. 
Published: September 2024

Introduction and Background:
The past decade has witnessed a paradigm shift in surgical interventions, with minimally invasive surgery is superior to the traditional open approach for several conditions, including the management of benign gallbladder diseases. The widespread acceptance and popularity of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, in fact, can be explained by the significant reduction in associated morbidity and faster recovery to daily activities, in comparison to the classic open approach. The current systematic review is the first to provide comparative outcomes by summarizing the previously published systematic reviews in a comprehensive and objective pattern. It aims to illustrate evidence regarding the intra- and postoperative outcomes of each laparoscopic cholecystectomy approach, as most of the previous publications have only briefly touched upon one or two of them.

Methods:
The current systematic review is the first to provide comparative outcomes by summarizing the previously published systematic reviews in a comprehensive and objective pattern. It aims to illustrate evidence regarding the intra- and postoperative outcomes of each laparoscopic cholecystectomy approach. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline was meticulously followed to conduct the present systematic review. MEDLINE (via PubMed), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Web of Science were searched for eligible publications, and a total of 14 systematic reviews were included.

Results:
The analysis of our primary and secondary outcomes revealed a statistically significant improvement in esthetic results after single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SILC) in comparison to the multiport approach of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This, however, is accompanied by extended operative timing and subsequently, prolonged exposure to anesthesia.

Discussion:
Since the introduction of SILC by Navarra et
al. in 1997, extensive efforts have been made to prove its safety and feasibility to replace the conventional method of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Previous surgeries involving the abdomen and signs of acute cholecystitis were identified as factors predicting failure of SILC, with success rate limited to 59% in association with acute cholecystitis, as suggested by Antoniou et
al. in his systematic review addressing the limitations of the single-incision approach. The associated increase in the length of operative time can be partly explained by the surgeon learning curve as applied to any surgical procedure.

Conclusion:
Careful selection of candidates undergoing SILC should be present to minimize technical difficulties and prevent related complications both intraoperatively and shortly after the procedure.
SJLA_2024_A14: Five-year Outcome of Laparoscopic Ventral Hernia Repair with Phasix ST
Authors: Altowaijeri Alaa , AlJomah Nadia , AlShammari Sulaiman , Binjaloud Ahmed , Aldohayan Najla , Aldohayan Abdullah 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Repair of ventral and incisional hernias repair (VIHR) is a standard procedure; newly introduced resorbable mesh biomaterials provide an attractive option to reduce the use of permanent synthetic mesh in hernia surgery and reduce its complications. Indeed the data of Phasix resorption started to occur postmaturation of the wound tissue. However, data on the use of slowly resorbable mesh materials remain scarce, and this study aims to evaluate the use of Phasix ST in the laparoscopic repair of VIHR.

Methods:
This is a retrospective study of a sequential cohort of patients undergoing laparoscopic VIHR utilizing a Phasix ST mesh. Perioperative characteristics and clinical outcomes were collected.

Results:
In total, 26 patients, including 19 females and 7 males, underwent laparoscopic VIHR using Phasix ST from April 2016 to January 2023. All surgeries were performed in a single institution by the same surgeon. The average patient age was 52.6 years, and the mean body mass index was 35.5. All patients had a clean wound classification. The average defect size was 136.4 cm2. All patients were seen in the clinic with a median follow-up of 48 months. We observed four wound seromas, no wound infections, and three recurrences during the 5-year follow-up period. All occurred in the center of the mesh with severe adhesions to the mesh and tacker.

Conclusion:
Five years of follow-ups showed 11% recurrence in the same site note, which needs to be reviewed. Further, 10 years of follow-up results need to be assessed.