bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal heterogeneity of actual and potential respiration in two contrasting floodplains
Authors: Mori Nataša , Simčič Tatjana , Brancelj Anton , Robinson Christopher T. , Doering Michael 
Published: April 2017

AbstractFloodplains are vital components of river ecosystems and play an important role in carbon cycling and storage at catchment and global scales. For efficient river management and conservation, it is critical to understand the functional role of spatiotemporally complex and dynamic habitat mosaics of river floodplains. Unfortunately, the fundamental understanding of mineralization and carbon flux patterns across complex floodplains is still fragmentary. In this study, respiratory potential (i.e., electron transport system activity [ETSA]) was quantified seasonally across different aquatic and terrestrial habitats (wetted channels, gravel bars, islands, riparian forests, and grasslands) of 2 Alpine floodplains differing in climate, altitude, discharge, flow alteration intensity, and land use (Soča [natural flow regime, 12% grassland area] and Urbach [mean annual discharge reduction by 30% due to water abstraction, 69% grassland area]). In situ respiration (R) was measured, and ETSA–R ratios were calculated to examine differences in exploitation intensity of the overall respiratory capacity among floodplain habitats and seasons. ETSA and R provided potential and actual estimates, respectively, of organic matter mineralization in the different floodplain habitats. Hierarchical linear regression across habitat types showed that organic matter, grain sizes <0.063 mm, and water content were the most important predictors of ETSA in both floodplains, and grain sizes 2–0.063 and >8 mm were also highly important for the Soča floodplain. The combination of ETSA and R measurements conducted in contrasting floodplains increased our understanding of the relationships between floodplain habitat heterogeneity, organic matter mineralization and human impacts, that is, structural–functional linkages in floodplains. These data are integral towards predicting changes in floodplain function in response to environmental alterations from increasing human pressures and environmental change.
Examining the risk and protective factors of gang involvement among Hispanic youth in Maryland
Authors: Garduno L. Sergio , Brancale Julie Mestre 
Published: April 2017

AbstractResearch on the risk and protect factors of gang membership as they apply to Hispanic youth is limited and inconclusive. This study seeks to advance the literature on the risk and protective factors of gang involvement among a sample of Hispanic youth living in a Maryland county. This study used self‐report data from 936 Hispanic youth about their interaction with gang members, their family, their education, immigration and acculturation status, and self‐concept. Logistic regression was used to determine whether certain factors increased the likelihood of gang membership. Youth with greater levels of sadness and loneliness, those who have been approached by a gang to be recruited, and those who have siblings in gangs are significantly more likely to become gang members. In addition, the more risk factors a youth has, the higher their risk of gang membership. None of the protective factors analyzed had a significant influence on gang membership.
Research on micro‐damage behavior of wool fabrics drying in domestic dryer
Authors: Wei Yuhui , Wang Xu , Su Zhaowei , Ding Xuemei 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTo evaluate the performance degradation of fabric drying in domestic air‐vented dryer, the appearance, mechanical, and microscopic properties of the wool fabric after different drying cycles were studied. Pilling and dimensional stability tests were performed according to established international standards. Microscopic studies were carried out by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray (XRD). The results show that pilling is the dominant damage mechanism and gradually increased during lower number of drying cycles (0–10 cycles). The results of dimensional stability showed that the highest dimensional shrinkage of knit wool fabric was first five drying cycles, and then increased at a relatively slow rate with the increase in drying cycles. And fabric shrinkage takes place mainly in the warp direction. The SEM images of wool fiber showed that the scales on the fiber surface were intact in the first 15 drying cycles but start to flake after 20 drying cycles. In the drying process, fabrics can suffer several fractures such as cut fracture, split fracture, partial fracture and distortion and even scale flaking and interior structural distortion of fiber. The damages occur quite randomly, but complexity and severity of damages increased with increase in drying cycles. XRD analysis showed that drying had little effect on fiber crystallinity, indicating that drying only leads to changes in the physical properties of wool fabrics instead of changes in the chemical composition of the fiber. And found SEM analysis is not only an effective method to characterize the change in the surface morphology of the fibers resulting from the drying treatments, but also explain the cause of fabric performance degradation such as pilling and strength reduction during drying.
Evaluation by the Basic Checklist and the risk of 3 years incident long‐term care insurance certification
Authors: Kamegaya Tadahiko , Yamaguchi Haruyasu , Hayashi Kunihiko 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundA rapidly aging society needs effective approaches to support frail older people who have a high risk of requiring long‐term care. We investigated the validity of the Basic Checklist (the “Kihon Checklist”) as a tool to select candidates for a program to prevent long‐term care.MethodA survey with questions from the Basic Checklist was conducted with functionally independent older residents aged ≥65 years living in Takasaki City, Japan. Subjects who completed the questionnaire were followed over 3 years for the presence or absence of certification for long‐term care requirement. We used multiple logistic regression analysis to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) for long‐term care requirement certification.ResultsA total of 21 325 subjects were analyzed. The odds ratio was the highest when items number one‐20 had a total of ≥10 checked answers (OR, 2.71; 95%CI, 2.22‐3.32). Physical function (OR, 2.29; 95%CI, 2.05‐2.55), nutritional condition (OR, 1.85; 95%CI, 1.38‐2.48), oral function (OR, 1.40; 95%CI, 1.25‐1.57), whether patients were elected as a care prevention program candidate (OR, 1.90; 95%CI, 1.73‐2.08), Homebound state (OR, 1.91; 95%CI, 1.55‐2.37), the presence of dementia (OR, 1.97; 95%CI, 1.75‐2.20), and depression (OR, 1.96; 95%CI, 1.73‐2.22) were associated with a higher odds ratio.ConclusionIndividuals who were selected as long‐term care prevention program candidates based on the Basic Checklist had a higher risk of requiring long‐term care. Older residents who corresponded to 10 or more of the 20 Basic Checklist items are at the highest risk of becoming certified as needing long‐term care.
A periodontal disease care program for patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Nishihara Utako , Tanabe Nozomi , Nakamura Takehiro , Okada Yuko , Nishida Tetsuya , Akihara Shiho 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes and periodontitis are interrelated, and patient education and guidance are important. Therefore, we conducted a periodontitis care program for patients with type 2 diabetes to provide education about diabetes and periodontitis and to promote self‐care skills, and we evaluated the effectiveness of this program.MethodsThis was a randomized controlled trial. Thirty‐eight and 39 adult patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes were allocated to the intervention and control groups, respectively. The program comprised content that promoted optimal behavior for the improvement of diabetes and periodontitis. Periodontitis status, diabetes status, tumor necrosis factor‐α levels, self‐efficacy in relation to periodontitis, and teeth‐brushing behaviors were evaluated before and after the intervention program.ResultsAfter the intervention program, the intervention group demonstrated significant improvements in bleeding on probing, which was used to evaluate periodontitis status (F=7.919; P<.01), and in clinic visit (F=11.765; P<.01), brushing teeth (F=21.606; P<.01), and meal (F=10.884; P<.01) scores on the Self‐Efficacy Scale for Self‐care among Periodontal Disease Patients; patients in the intervention group also exhibited improvements in dental health‐related behaviors (F=7.141; P<.01).ConclusionsThese results suggest that the intervention program was effective at improving periodontitis, self‐efficacy in relation to periodontitis, and dental health‐related behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Cops and Robbers on Planar‐Directed Graphs
Authors: Loh Po‐Shen , Oh Siyoung 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAigner and Fromme initiated the systematic study of the cop number of a graph by proving the elegant and sharp result that in every connected planar graph, three cops are sufficient to win a natural pursuit game against a single robber. This game, introduced by Nowakowski and Winkler, is commonly known as Cops and Robbers in the combinatorial literature. We extend this study to directed planar graphs, and establish separation from the undirected setting. We exhibit a geometric construction that shows that a sophisticated robber strategy can indefinitely evade three cops on a particular strongly connected planar‐directed graph.
Asymmetric 2‐colorings of graphs
Authors: Flapan Erica , Rundell Sarah , Wyse Madeline 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe show that the edges of every 3‐connected planar graph except K4 can be colored with two colors in such a way that the graph has no color‐preserving automorphisms. Also, we characterize all graphs that have the property that their edges can be 2‐colored so that no matter how the graph is embedded in any orientable surface, there is no homeomorphism of the surface that induces a nontrivial color‐preserving automorphism of the graph.
Using the realist perspective to link theory from qualitative evidence synthesis to quantitative studies: Broadening the matrix approach
Authors: van Grootel Leonie , van Wesel Floryt , O'Mara‐Eves Alison , Thomas James , Hox Joop , Boeije Hennie 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundThis study describes an approach for the use of a specific type of qualitative evidence synthesis in the matrix approach, a mixed studies reviewing method. The matrix approach compares quantitative and qualitative data on the review level by juxtaposing concrete recommendations from the qualitative evidence synthesis against interventions in primary quantitative studies. However, types of qualitative evidence syntheses that are associated with theory building generate theoretical models instead of recommendations. Therefore, the output from these types of qualitative evidence syntheses cannot directly be used for the matrix approach but requires transformation. This approach allows for the transformation of these types of output.MethodThe approach enables the inference of moderation effects instead of direct effects from the theoretical model developed in a qualitative evidence synthesis. Recommendations for practice are formulated on the basis of interactional relations inferred from the qualitative evidence synthesis. In doing so, we apply the realist perspective to model variables from the qualitative evidence synthesis according to the context‐mechanism‐outcome configuration.FindingsA worked example shows that it is possible to identify recommendations from a theory‐building qualitative evidence synthesis using the realist perspective. We created subsets of the interventions from primary quantitative studies based on whether they matched the recommendations or not and compared the weighted mean effect sizes of the subsets. The comparison shows a slight difference in effect sizes between the groups of studies. The study concludes that the approach enhances the applicability of the matrix approach.
The influence of Glu‐1 and Glu‐3 loci on dough rheology and bread‐making properties in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) doubled haploid lines
Authors: Langner Monika , Krystkowiak Karolina , Salmanowicz Bolesław P , Adamski Tadeusz , Krajewski Paweł , Kaczmarek Zygmunt , Surma Maria 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe major determinants of wheat quality are Glu‐1 and Glu‐3 glutenin loci and environmental factors. Additive effects of alleles at the Glu‐1 and Glu‐3 loci, as well as their interactions, were evaluated for dough rheology and baking properties in four groups of wheat doubled haploid lines differing in high‐ and low‐molecular‐weight glutenin composition.RESULTSFlour quality, Reomixer (Reologica Instruments, Lund, Sweden), dough extension, Farinograph (Brabender GmbH, Duisburg, Germany) and baking parameters were determined. Groups of lines with the alleles Glu‐A3b and Glu‐B3d were characterized by higher values of dough and baking parameters compared to those with the Glu‐A3e and Glu‐B3a alleles. Effects of interactions between allelic variants at the Glu‐1 and Glu‐3 loci on Reomixer parameters, dough extension tests and baking parameters were significant, although additive effects of individual alleles were not always significant.CONCLUSIONThe allelic variants at Glu‐B3 had a much greater effect on dough rheological parameters than the variants at Glu‐A3 or Glu‐D3 loci. The effect of allelic variations at the Glu‐D3 loci on rheological parameters and bread‐making quality was non‐significant, whereas their interactions with a majority of alleles at the other Glu‐1 × Glu‐3 loci were significant. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound Classification of Previously Indeterminate Renal Lesions
Authors: Zarzour Jessica G. , Lockhart Mark E. , West Janelle , Turner Eric , Jackson Bradford E. , Thomas John V. , Robbin Michelle L. 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesTo determine the utility of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (US) for characterizing renal lesions that were indeterminate on prior imaging.MethodsThis Institutional Review Board–approved retrospective diagnostic accuracy study evaluated all patients who underwent renal contrast‐enhanced US examinations from 2006 to 2015 at our tertiary care hospital. We compared the number of lesions definitively characterized by contrast‐enhanced US with the indeterminate lesions by prior imaging. The accuracy of contrast‐enhanced US was compared with the final diagnosis by histologic examination and follow‐up (mean, 3.63 years). Accuracy and agreement estimates were compared with the exact binomial distribution to assess statistical significance.ResultsA total of 134 lesions were evaluated with contrast‐enhanced US, and 106 were indeterminate by preceding computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or US. Only the largest lesion per patient was included in analysis. A total of 95.7% (90 of 94) of the previously indeterminate lesions were successfully classified with contrast‐enhanced US. The sensitivity was 100% (20 of 20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 83%–100%; P < .0001); specificity was 85.7% (18 of 21; 95% CI, 62%–97%; P = .0026); positive predictive value was 87.0% (20 of 23; 95% CI, 66%–97%; P = .0005); negative predictive value was 100% (18 of 18; 95% CI, 81%–100%; P < .001); and accuracy was 90.2% (37 of 41; 95% CI, 80%–98%; P < .0001).ConclusionsContrast‐enhanced US has a high likelihood of definitively classifying a renal lesion that is indeterminate by computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or conventional US.
Common Carotid Artery Sonography Versus Transthoracic Echocardiography for Cardiac Output Measurements in Intensive Care Unit Patients
Authors: Peng Qian‐Yi , Zhang Li‐Na , Ai Mei‐Lin , Li Li , Hu Cheng‐Huan , Zhang Yan‐Xin , Liu Wei , Feng Qing , Zou Yu , Ai Yu‐Hang ,   Chinese Critical Ultrasound Study Group
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesThis study was designed to test the effectiveness of common carotid artery sonography in comparison with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) for cardiac output measurements to provide an easier alternative for cardiac output monitoring in the intensive care unit.MethodsThis study included 148 patients who had common carotid artery Doppler examinations and TTE performed within 8 hours of each other, and the cardiac output measurement results were compared with each other.ResultsThe mean age of the participants ± SD was 56.8 ± 16.2 years, with male patients composing 54.7% of the cohort. There was no significant difference in carotid and TTE cardiac output between different sexes, age groups, patients with and without mechanical ventilation, and primary indication groups. The overall intraclass correlation coefficient between the carotid and TTE cardiac output was 0.537. In patients with septic shock, multiple trauma, and respiratory failure, the intraclass correlation coefficients between TTE and carotid cardiac output were 0.241, 0.061, and 0.095, respectively.ConclusionsCarotid cardiac output shows moderate agreement with TTE cardiac output; thus, its use may be considered as an alternative for estimating cardiac output in emergencies and when TTE cardiac output is unobtainable. However, in patients with septic shock, multiple trauma, and respiratory failure, the use of carotid cardiac output is not recommended.
Light availability rather than Fe controls the magnitude of massive phytoplankton bloom in the Amundsen Sea polynyas, Antarctica
Authors: Park Jisoo , Kuzminov Fedor I. , Bailleul Benjamin , Yang Eun Jin , Lee SangHoon , Falkowski Paul G. , Gorbunov Maxim Y. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAmundsen Sea polynyas are among the most productive, yet climate‐sensitive ecosystems in the Southern Ocean and host massive annual phytoplankton blooms. These blooms are believed to be controlled by iron fluxes from melting ice and icebergs and by intrusion of nutrient‐rich Circumpolar Deep Water, however the interplay between iron effects and other controls, such as light availability, has not yet been quantified. Here, we examine phytoplankton photophysiology in relation to Fe stress and physical forcing in two largest polynyas, Amundsen Sea Polynya (ASP) and Pine Island Polynya (PIP), using the combination of high‐resolution variable fluorescence measurements, fluorescence lifetime analysis, photosynthetic rates, and Fe‐enrichment incubations. These analyses revealed strong Fe stress in the ASP, whereas the PIP showed virtually no signatures of Fe limitation. In spite of enhanced iron availability in the PIP, chlorophyll biomass remained ∼ 30–50% lower than in the Fe‐stressed ASP. This apparent paradox would not have been observed if iron were the main control of phytoplankton bloom in the Amundsen Sea. Long‐term satellite‐based climatology records revealed that the ASP is exposed to significantly higher solar irradiance levels throughout the summer season, as compared to the PIP region, suggesting that light availability controls the magnitude of phytoplankton blooms in the Amundsen Sea. Our data suggests that higher Fe availability (e.g., due to higher melting rates of ice sheets) would not necessarily increase primary productivity in this region. Furthermore, stronger wind‐driven vertical mixing in expanding ice‐free areas may lead to reduction in light availability and productivity in the future.
Historical patterns of acidification and increasing CO2 flux associated with Florida springs
Authors: Barrera Kira E. , Robbins Lisa L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractFlorida has one of the highest concentrations of springs in the world, with many discharging into rivers and predominantly into eastern Gulf of Mexico coast, and they likely influence the hydrochemistry of these adjacent waters; however, temporal and spatial trends have not been well studied. We present over 20 yr of hydrochemical, seasonally sampled data to identify temporal and spatial trends of pH, alkalinity, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), and CO2 flux from five first‐order‐magnitude (springs that discharge greater than 2.83 m3 s−1) coastal spring groups fed by the Floridan Aquifer System that ultimately discharge into the Gulf of Mexico. All spring groups had pCO2 levels (averages 3174.3–6773.2 μatm) that were much higher than atmospheric levels of CO2 and demonstrated statistically significant temporal decreases in pH and increases in CO2 flux, pCO2, and alkalinity. Total carbon flux emissions increased from each of the spring groups by between 3.48 × 107 and 2.856 × 108 kg C yr−1 over the time period. By 2013 the Springs Groups in total emitted more than 1.1739 × 109 kg C yr−1. Increases in alkalinity and pCO2 varied from 90.9 to 347.6 μmol kg−1 and 1262.3 to 2666.7 μatm, respectively. Coastal data show higher CO2 evasion than the open Gulf of Mexico, which suggests spring water influences nearshore waters. The results of this study have important implications for spring water quality, dissolution of the Florida carbonate platform, and identification of the effect and partitioning of carbon fluxes to and within coastal and marine ecosystems.
Factors that affect outcomes of prolapse repair using single‐incision vaginal mesh procedures
Authors: Hsieh Hsiao‐Yun , Tsai Ching‐Pei , Liu Chih‐Ku , Shen Pao‐Sheng , Hung Yao‐Ching , Hung Man‐Jung 
Published: April 2017

AimsSingle‐incision vaginal mesh (SIVM) procedures for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) differed in mesh fabrication and implantation that may affect treatment outcomes. We aim to evaluate and compare the safety and effectiveness of two SIVM procedures, and explore factors that may have associations with surgical effectiveness.MethodsOur data of using two SIVM procedures for a total (anterior and posterior) vaginal mesh repair were studied. Patients who had ≧stage 2 POP and underwent either Elevate (n = 85) using anchored, lightweight meshes or Prosima procedures (n = 95) using non‐anchored, original meshes were assessed. A detailed comparison of 1 year outcomes was made.ResultsOf the 180 patients, 172 (95.6%) attended the 1‐year follow‐up. Demographic data were similar between groups except a higher average age (64.5 vs 60.4, P = 0.001) was noted in the Elevate (n = 84) group compared to the Prosima (n = 88) group. Surgical results were also similar except a significantly higher objective cure (POP stage ≦1) rate (89.3% vs 78.4%, P = 0.042) was noted in the Elevate group. The safety profile favored Elevate with a lower, but not statistically significant, rate (4.7% vs 12.5%, P = 0.106) of vaginal mesh exposure. After a statistical analysis, we found anatomic recurrence (POP stage ≧2) after the SIVM procedures had strong (P < 0.05) associations with “early surgical cases,” “Prosima procedure,” “advanced cystocele (Ba > +3 cm),” and “prior prolapse repair,” respectively.ConclusionsBeyond a learning curve, Elevate performed better than Prosima in POP repair regarding surgical effectiveness. Meanwhile, several predisposing factors that may affect recurrence after SIVM procedures were found.