bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of an atmospheric transport model for annual inverse estimates of California greenhouse gas emissions
Authors: Bagley Justin E. , Jeong Seongeun , Cui Xinguang , Newman Sally , Zhang Jingsong , Priest Chad , Campos‐Pineda Mixtli , Andrews Arlyn E. , Bianco Laura , Lloyd Matthew , Lareau Neil , Clements Craig , Fischer Marc L. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAtmospheric inverse estimates of gas emissions depend on transport model predictions, hence driving a need to assess uncertainties in the transport model. In this study we assess the uncertainty in WRF‐STILT (Weather Research and Forecasting and Stochastic Time‐Inverted Lagrangian Transport) model predictions using a combination of meteorological and carbon monoxide (CO) measurements. WRF configurations were selected to minimize meteorological biases using meteorological measurements of winds and boundary layer depths from surface stations and radar wind profiler sites across California. We compare model predictions with CO measurements from four tower sites in California from June 2013 through May 2014 to assess the seasonal biases and random errors in predicted CO mixing ratios. In general, the seasonal mean biases in boundary layer wind speed (< ~ 0.5 m/s), direction (< ~ 15°), and boundary layer height (< ~ 200 m) were small. However, random errors were large (~1.5–3.0 m/s for wind speed, ~ 40–60° for wind direction, and ~ 300–500 m for boundary layer height). Regression analysis of predicted and measured CO yielded near‐unity slopes (i.e., within 1.0 ± 0.20) for the majority of sites and seasons, though a subset of sites and seasons exhibit larger (~30%) uncertainty, particularly when weak winds combined with complex terrain in the South Central Valley of California. Looking across sites and seasons, these results suggest that WRF‐STILT simulations are sufficient to estimate emissions of CO to up to 15% on annual time scales across California.
A twentieth century major soluble ion record of dust and anthropogenic pollutants from Inilchek Glacier, Tien Shan
Authors: Grigholm B. , Mayewski P. A. , Aizen V. , Kreutz K. , Aizen E. , Kang S. , Maasch K. A. , Sneed S. B. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractUsing a high‐resolution (~18 samples/year) major soluble ion record (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl−, NO3−, and SO42−) covering the period 1908–1995 A.D. from the Inilchek Glacier, Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan, we provide a detailed climate and environmental proxy record for the region. Chemical concentrations, empirical orthogonal function analyses, and noncrustal excess calculations are used to identify natural and potential anthropogenic depositional trends. Dominant dust proxy species (i.e., Ca2+) reveal highest concentrations during the 1950s–1970s, with declining decadal trends through the end of the record. These trends likely reflect decreases in central Asian dust storm activity post‐1950, which has been associated with coupled atmospheric circulation variability and anthropogenic activities. Comparison between Ca2+ and ERA‐Interim (1979–1995) climate reanalysis data indicates a strong relationship to spring (March–May) geopotential height patterns in northwest China and southern Siberia associated with the Siberian High. Noncrustal contribution (excess) estimates of NO3−, K+, SO42−, and Cl− concentrations suggest discernable anthropogenic inputs began between the 1950s and 1970s, increased into the middle/late 1980s, and declined in the 1990s. Excess trends coincide with Former Soviet Union consumption, production, and emission of fossil fuels and fertilizers, reflecting the rapid growth of agriculture and industry, as well as economic declines in the middle to late 1980s/early 1990s. Excess‐Cl− trends reflect timings that coincide with the construction of the Pavlodar Chemical Plant and the military production of Cl2 in Kazakhstan. NOAA Hybrid Single‐Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory back trajectory frequency analysis suggests eastern Uzbekistan (e.g., Fergana Valley), Kyrgyzstan, and southern Kazakhstan as the primary pollutant sources to the study region.
Paleoproductivity in the northwestern Pacific Ocean during the Pliocene‐Pleistocene climate transition (3.0–1.8 Ma)
Authors: Venti Nicholas L. , Billups Katharina , Herbert Timothy D. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAlkenone mass accumulation rates (MARs) provide a proxy for export productivity in the northwestern Pacific (Ocean Drilling Program Site 1208) spanning the late Pliocene through early Pleistocene (3.0–1.8 Ma). We investigate changes in productivity associated with global cooling during the onset and expansion of Northern Hemisphere glaciation (NHG). Alkenone MARs vary on obliquity timescales throughout, but the amplitude increases at 2.75 Ma concurrent with the intensification of NHG and cooling of the sea surface by 3°C. The obliquity‐scale variations in alkenone MARs parallel shipboard measurements of sediment color reflectance (%) with higher MARs significantly correlated (>95%) with darker (opal‐rich) intervals. Variations in both lead benthic foraminiferal δ18O values by 1.5–2 kyr suggesting that export productivity may be a contributing factor, rather than a response, to the extent of continental glaciation. The biological pump is therefore a plausible mechanism for transferring atmospheric CO2 into the deep ocean during the onset of NHG and the ensuing obliquity‐dominated climate regime. Obliquity‐scale correlation between productivity and magnetic susceptibility is consistent with a link via westerly winds delivering terrigenous sediments and mixing the upper water column. Alkenone MARs also contain a ~400 kyr modulation. Because this periodicity is a multiple of the residence time of carbon in the ocean, it may reflect inputs of new nutrients associated with eccentricity‐forced changes in the terrestrial biosphere and weathering. We ascribe these findings to interactions between the East Asian winter monsoon and productivity in the North Pacific Ocean, perhaps contributing to Plio‐Pleistocene climate change.
Cortical excitability correlates with seizure control and epilepsy duration in chronic epilepsy
Authors: Pawley Adam D. , Chowdhury Fahmida A. , Tangwiriyasakul Chayanin , Ceronie Bryan , Elwes Robert D. C. , Nashef Lina , Richardson Mark. P. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveCortical excitability differs between treatment responders and nonresponders in new‐onset epilepsy. Moreover, during the first 3 years of epilepsy, cortical excitability becomes more abnormal in nonresponders but normalizes in responders. Here, we study chronic active epilepsy, to examine whether cortical excitability continues to evolve over time, in association with epilepsy duration and treatment response.MethodsWe studied 28 normal subjects, 28 patients with moderately controlled epilepsy (≤4 seizures per year) and 40 patients with poorly controlled epilepsy (≥20 or more seizures per year). Resting motor threshold (RMT), active motor threshold (AMT), short‐interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), intracortical facilitation (ICF) and cortical silent period (CSP) were measured, using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Disease and treatment covariates were collected (age at onset of epilepsy, epilepsy duration, number of drugs prescribed, total drug load, sodium channel drug load).ResultsRMT and AMT were higher in patients than in normal subjects; RMT and AMT were higher in poorly controlled than moderately controlled patients. ICF at 12 msec and 15 msec were lower in poorly controlled patients than in normal subjects. Long‐interval intracortical inhibition (LICI) at 50 msec was higher in poorly controlled compared to moderately controlled patients. These differences were not explained by antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment or duration of epilepsy. RMT and AMT increased with duration in the poorly controlled group, but did not increase with duration in the moderately controlled group.InterpretationCortical excitability differs markedly between moderately controlled and poorly controlled patients with chronic epilepsy, not explained by disease or treatment variables. Moreover, the evolution of cortical excitability over time differs, becoming more abnormal in the poorly controlled group.
The ecology of anemia: Anemia prevalence and correlated factors in adult indigenous women in Argentina
Authors: Goetz Teddy G. , Valeggia Claudia 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe Toba/Qom of Namqom are an indigenous community native to the Gran Chaco region of northern Argentina. Historically seminomadic foragers, the diet of peri‐urban community members has rapidly changed from high‐protein, high‐fiber to hypercaloric, processed. This study aims to understand the impact of this nutritional transition on aspects of women's health by exploring the relationship between prevalence of anemia and current diet composition, place of birth, and reproductive history.MethodsWe measured the capillary hemoglobin (Hb) levels of 153 adult women. Each participant was also given two interviews characterizing reproductive history and a 24‐hour food recall.ResultsThe average Hb level was 12.6 g/dL (range 5.8–15.7 g/dL). In our sample, 28% of participants were anemic and 31% were borderline anemic. Iron and vitamin C consumption were negatively associated with Hb levels. Body mass index was marginally associated with Hb levels. Being born in a peri‐urban setting, a proxy for early Westernized diet was associated with higher risk of anemia, suggesting developmental experience may play a role. Pregnant and lactating women had lower Hb levels than menstruating and menopausal women. Age, height, parity, and age at first pregnancy were not found to be statistically significant predictors of anemia.ConclusionsIron deficiency represents a serious health concern for women, particularly pregnant ones. Our results suggest that both past and current nutritional ecology variables may be associated with the risk of anemia. These findings inform public health interventions, since reproductive history may be more difficult to modify than current diet.
Carbazole‐Fused Zinc(II)−Phthalocyanine Sensitizers
Authors: Kimura Mutsumi , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Tohata Yuki , Ikeuchi Takuro , Yamamoto Satoshi , Kobayashi Nagao 
Published: January 2017

AbstractRing‐expanded zinc phthalocyanines 3, 4, and PcS27 were synthesized from new carbazole‐fused phthalonitriles 1 and 2, and the effect of direct annulation of heterocycles with the phthalocyanine macrocycles on their optical and electrochemical properties were investigated. Carbazole‐fused zinc phthalocyanine 3 exhibited an intense Q band in the near‐infrared‐light region, owing to destabilization of the HOMO energy level, whilst low‐symmetry push–pull compound 4 showed a well‐defined split Q band, owing to splitting of the LUMO and LUMO+1 energy levels. Sensitizer PcS27, which had a donor–π‐linker–acceptor structure, showed a panchromatic response from the visible‐light region to the near‐infrared‐light region if used as a light‐harvesting dye on TiO2 electrodes for dye‐sensitized solar cells.
Biomechanical implications of walking with indigenous footwear
Authors: Willems Catherine , Stassijns Gaetane , Cornelis Wim , D'Août Kristiaan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectivesThis study investigates biomechanical implications of walking with indigenous “Kolhapuri” footwear compared to barefoot walking among a population of South Indians.Materials and methodsTen healthy adults from South India walked barefoot and indigenously shod at voluntary speed on an artificial substrate. The experiment was repeated outside, on a natural substrate. Data were collected from (1) a heel‐mounted 3D‐accelerometer recording peak impact at heel contact, (2) an ankle‐mounted 3D‐goniometer (plantar/dorsiflexion and inversion/eversion), and (3) sEMG electrodes at the m. tibialis anterior and the m. gastrocnemius medialis.ResultsData show that the effect of indigenous footwear on the measured variables, compared to barefoot walking, is relatively small and consistent between substrates (even though subjects walked faster on the natural substrate). Walking barefoot, compared to shod walking yields higher impact accelerations, but the differences are small and only significant for the artificial substrate. The main rotations of the ankle joint are mostly similar between conditions. Only the shod condition shows a faster ankle rotation over the rapid eversion motion on the natural substrate. Maximal dorsiflexion in late stance differs between the footwear conditions on an artificial substrate, with the shod condition involving a less dorsiflexed ankle, and the plantar flexion at toe‐off is more extreme when shod. Overall the activity pattern of the external foot muscles is similar.DiscussionThe indigenous footwear studied (Kolhapuri) seems to alter foot biomechanics only in a subtle way. While offering some degree of protection, walking in this type of footwear resembles barefoot gait and this type of indigenous footwear might be considered “minimal”.
Development of a SERS Probe for Selective Detection of Healthy Prostate and Malignant Prostate Cancer Cells Using ZnII
Authors: Pramanik Avijit , Chavva Suhash Reddy , Viraka Nellore Bhanu Priya , May Kelli , Matthew Tejus , Jones Stacy , Vangara Aruna , Ray Paresh Chandra 
Published: January 2017

AbstractEven in the 21st century, prostate cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer‐related death for men. Since a normal prostate gland has a high ZnII content and there are huge differences in ZnII content between healthy and malignant prostate cancer cells, mobile zinc can be used as a biomarker for prostate cancer prediction. A highly efficient surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) probe using a p‐(imidazole)azo)benzenethiol attached gold nanoparticle as a Raman reporter, which has the capability to identify prostate cancer cells based on ZnII sensing, has been designed. A facile synthesis, characterization and evaluation of a ZnII sensing Raman probe are described. Reported data indicate that after binding with ZnII, Raman reporter attached to a gold nanoparticle forms an assembly structure, which allows selective detection of ZnII even at 100 ppt concentration. Theoretical full‐wave finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) simulations have been used to understand the enhancement of the SERS signal. The SERS probe is highly promising for in vivo sensing of cancer, where near‐IR light can be easily used to avoid tissue autofluorescence and to enhance tissue penetration depth. Reported data show that the SERS probe can distinguish metastatic cancer cells from normal prostate cells very easily with a sensitivity as low as 5 cancer cells mL−1. The probe can be used as a chemical toolkit for determining mobile ZnII concentrations in biological samples.
Upregulation of long noncoding RNA TUG1 promotes cervical cancer cell proliferation and migration
Authors: Hu Yingying , Sun Xiangwei , Mao Chenchen , Guo Gangqiang , Ye Sisi , Xu Jianfeng , Zou Ruanmin , Chen Jun , Wang Ledan , Duan Ping , Xue Xiangyang 
Published: January 2017

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), a novel class of transcripts that have critical roles in carcinogenesis and progression, have emerged as important gene expression modulators. Recent evidence indicates that lncRNA taurine‐upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) functions as an oncogene in numerous types of human cancers. However, its function in the development of cervical cancer remains unknown. The aim of this research was to investigate the clinical significance and biological functions of TUG1 in cervical cancer. TUG1 was found to be significantly upregulated in cervical cancer tissues and four cervical cancer cell lines by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Elevated TUG1 expression was correlated with larger tumor size, advanced international federation of gynecology and obstetrics (FIGO) stage, poor differentiation, and lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, knockdown of TUG1 suppressed cell proliferation with activation of apoptosis, in part by regulating the expression of Bcl‐2 and caspase‐3. Silencing of TUG1 inhibited cell migration and invasion via the progression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Taken together, our findings indicate that TUG1 acts as an oncogene in cervical cancer and may represent a novel therapeutic target.
Highly Active Three‐Dimensional NiFe/Cu2O Nanowires/Cu Foam Electrode for Water Oxidation
Authors: Chen Hu , Gao Yan , Sun Licheng 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWater splitting is of paramount importance for exploiting renewable energy‐conversion and ‐storage systems, but is greatly hindered by the kinetically sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this work, a three‐dimensional, highly efficient, and durable NiFe/Cu2O nanowires/Cu foam anode (NiFe/Cu2O NWs/CF) for water oxidation in 1.0 m KOH was developed. The obtained electrode exhibited a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at a uniquely low overpotential of η=215 mV. The average specific current density (js) was estimated, on the basis of the electrocatalytically active surface area, to be 0.163 mA cm−2 at η=310 mV. The electrode also displayed a low Tafel slope of 42 mV decade−1. Moreover, the NiFe/Cu2O NWs/CF electrode could maintain a steady current density of 100 mA cm−2 for 50 h at an overpotential of η=260 mV. The outstanding electrochemical performance of the electrode for the OER was attributed to the high conductivity of the Cu foam and the specific structure of the electrode with a large interfacial area.
Creatinine in urine – a method comparison
Authors: Luginbühl Marc , Weinmann Wolfgang 
Published: January 2017

Drug screening in urine is widely applied in forensic toxicology. Contrary to blood analysis, excessive or reduced fluid intake can substantially alter the concentration of substances in urine. As a standard to detect urinary dilution, creatinine concentrations are analyzed. A sample with a concentration below 20 mg/dL is generally defined as too diluted to provide a valid result in abstinence control samples. This work investigates the potential of three different methods for the determination of creatinine concentrations in urine samples: A ZIC®‐HILIC‐based liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method, a spectrophotometric method on an AU 480 chemistry system, and a portable, chemical‐reaction‐based, point‐of‐care testing device were compared by measuring 200 urine samples. When comparing the two laboratory methods, LC–MS/MS and spectrophotometry, a mean difference of 3.7 ± 14 mg/dL was found, indicating that the spectrophotometric method slightly overestimates the creatinine concentration. When comparing the LC–MS/MS method with the point‐of‐care testing device, a mean concentration difference within the calibration range for POCT (>20 mg/dL (excluding 16 samples) and <500 mg/dL (excluding 4 samples)) of 21 ± 37 mg/dL was found, indicating that the point‐of‐care testing device overestimates the measured creatinine concentration. A point‐of‐care testing device as used during this study can provide valuable information for on‐site analysis. However, reported concentrations above 500 mg/dL should be further evaluated, for example by dilution of the sample. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
No inbreeding depression in laboratory‐reared individuals of the parasitoid wasp Allotropa burrelli
Authors: Quaglietti Bastien , Tamisier Lucie , Groussier Géraldine , Fleisch Alexandre , Le Goff Isabelle , Ris Nicolas , Kreiter Philippe , Fauvergue Xavier , Malausa Thibaut 
Published: January 2017

AbstractInbreeding depression is a major concern in almost all human activities relating to plant and animal breeding. The biological control of pests with natural enemies is no exception, because populations of biocontrol agents experience a series of bottlenecks during importation, rearing, and introduction. A classical biological control program for the Comstock mealybug Pseudococcus comstocki (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) was initiated in France in 2008, based on the introduction of an exotic parasitoid, Allotropa burrelli Mues. (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae), a haplodiploid parasitoid imported from Japan. We evaluated the sensitivity of A. burrelli to inbreeding, to optimize rearing and release strategies. We compared several morphological and life‐history traits between the offspring of siblings and the offspring of unrelated parents. We took into account the low level of genetic variability due to the relatively small size of laboratory‐reared populations by contrasting two types of pedigree: one for individuals from a strain founded from a single field population, and the other generated by hybridizing individuals from two strains founded from two highly differentiated populations. Despite this careful design, we obtained no evidence for a negative impact of inbreeding on laboratory‐reared A. burrelli. We discussed the results in light of haplodiploid sex determination and parasitoid mating systems, and classical biological control practices.
Simultaneous determination of free and total prostate‐specific antigen by a magnetic particle‐based time‐resolved fluoroimmunoassay
Authors: Zhou Bin , Zhang Jue , Lv Zhongwei , Fan Jun , Zhang Yi , Huang Biao 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesIn this paper, a novel, sensitive and rapid method to simultaneously determine the free and total prostate‐specific antigen (fPSA and tPSA) in serum by combining a time‐resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA) and immunomagnetic separation was described.MethodsThe new approach uses magnetic particles as an immobilization matrix and means of separation, whereas the luminescent europium (Eu) and samarium (Sm) chelates are used as probes. The proposed method was evaluated via a single‐step, sandwich‐type TRFIA immunoassay of tPSA and fPSA as model analytes in serum.ResultsA new one‐step method to simultaneously detect fPSA and tPSA in less than 15 minutes was built up with the detection limits 0.006 ng/mL for fPSA and 0.05 ng/mL for tPSA. The assay ranges for fPSA and tPSA were both 0.5‐100 ng/mL, whereas the average recovery of those two obtained by our original mode were 95.9% and 95.3%, respectively. The present new TRFIA method carrying larger reproducibility, higher recovery, and sensitive specificity was demonstrated to be widely acceptable.ConclusionsThis simultaneous determination method containing a fast and sensitive approach can be put into an important position to screening large quantities of specimen, and be commonly applied to the clinical determination of fPSA and tPSA in human serum.
Enhancing capillary blood collection: The influence of nicotinic acid and nonivamide
Authors: Moro Christian , Bass Jessica , Scott Anna Mae , Canetti Elisa F.D. 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundNicotinic acid and nonivamide are often applied topically during capillary blood collection to induce vasodilation. These molecules may have an influence on immune effector cell activity in nearby tissues. This study investigates whether the induction of flushing by nicotinic acid and nonivamide causes an inflammatory response that influences the composition of immune cells present in a capillary blood sample.MethodsFemales aged between 18 and 30 years old provided capillary blood samples. Experimental samples were taken from an earlobe treated with nicotinic acid and nonivamide with controls obtained from the untreated earlobe. Immunophenotypic analyses were conducted using polychromatic flow cytometry to determine whether any changes occurred in leucocyte subpopulations (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD56, and CD14) and granulocytic functional‐related surface antigen markers (CD11b, CD18, CD16b, and CD66b).ResultsNo significant differences were observed between experimental and control samples in the mean percent of parent for the lymphocyte, monocyte, or granulocyte subpopulations, or in the median fluorescence intensity of particular surface markers expressed on these leucocytes.ConclusionThe topical application of nicotinic acid and nonivamide is a possible method to improve capillary blood collection for immunological assessments. The use of these agents may increase the safety and compliance of patients who suffer from needle phobia or are unable to provide venous blood samples.