bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Presentation, course, and outcome of postneonatal presentations of vein of Galen malformation: a large, single‐institution case series
Authors: Gopalan Vignesh , Rennie Adam , Robertson Fergus , Kanagarajah Lakshmi , Toolis Claire , Bhate Sanjay , Ganesan Vijeya 
Published: January 2018

AimTo describe presentation, clinical course, and outcome in postneonatal presentations of vein of Galen malformation (VGM).MethodChildren older than 28 days presenting withVGM(from 2006–2016) were included. Notes/scans were reviewed. Outcome was dichotomized into ‘good’ or ‘poor’ using the Recovery and Recurrence Questionnaire. Logistic regression was performed to explore relationships between clinico‐radiological features and outcome.ResultsThirty‐one children (18 males, 13 females) were included, presenting at a median age of 9.6 months (range 1.2mo–11y 7mo), most commonly with macrocrania (n=24) and prominent facial veins (n=9). Seven had evidence of cardiac failure.VGMmorphology was choroidal in 19. Hydrocephalus (n=24) and loss of white matter volume (n=15) were the most common imaging abnormalities. Twenty‐nine patients underwent glue embolization (median two per child). Angiographic shunt closure was achieved in 21 out of 28 survivors. Three children died of intracranial haemorrhage (1y, 6y, and 30d after embolization). Ten patients underwent neurosurgical procedures; to treat haemorrhage in four, and hydrocephalus in the rest. Outcome was categorized as good in 20 out of 28 survivors, but this was not predictable on the basis of the variables listed above.InterpretationPostneonatally presentingVGMhas distinctive clinico‐radiological features, attributable to venous hypertension. Endovascular treatment is associated with good outcomes, but more specific prognostic prediction was not possible within this cohort.What this paper addsClinical and radiological features in older children with vein of Galen malformation relate to venous hypertension.Outcome is good in most cases with endovascular therapy.Mortality is low but is related to intracranial haemorrhage.
Kin recognition in a subsocial treehopper (Hemiptera: Membracidae)
Authors: TORRICO‐BAZOBERRY DANIEL , CACERES‐SANCHEZ LILIANA , FLORES‐PRADO LUIS , AGUILERA‐OLIVARES DANIEL , FONTÚRBEL FRANCISCO E. , NIEMEYER HERMANN M. , PINTO CARLOS F. 
Published: January 2018

1. Insects exhibiting parental care usually can discriminate between kin and non‐kin individuals, allowing parents to avoid investment in foreign offspring.2. This study investigated the occurrence of kin recognition in the sap‐feeding insect Alchisme grossa Fairmaire (Membracidae) through bioassays assessing median female distance to nymphs and degree of nymphal aggregation. Each bioassay involved groups consisting of a female and a cohort of kin or non‐kin nymphs (mother and non‐mother treatments, respectively). Furthermore, cuticular non‐volatile compounds were extracted from nymphal cohorts, analysed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry and compared between cohorts.3. In both treatments, nymphs performed a ‘rocking behaviour’ which appears to be correlated with aggregation. Temporal patterns of degree of nymphal aggregation and median female–nymph distance differed between treatments, the former parameter being higher in the mother treatment and the latter being higher in the non‐mother treatment.4. A total of 40 compounds were found in the extracts. The composition of cuticular non‐volatile compounds differed between nymphal cohorts.5. These results support the notion that kin recognition in A. grossa is possibly mediated by nymphal rocking behaviour and/or cuticular non‐volatile compounds (i.e. visual and/or chemical cues).
Risk‐adapted GVHD prophylaxis with post‐transplantation cyclophosphamide in adults after related, unrelated, and haploidentical transplantations
Authors: Moiseev Ivan S. , Pirogova Olga V. , Alyanski Alexandr L. , Babenko Elena V. , Gindina Tatyana L. , Darskaya Elena I. , Slesarchuk Olga A. , Bykova Tatyana A. , Chukhlovin Alexei B. , Pevtcov Dmitrii E. , Bondarenko Sergey N. , Afanasyev Boris V. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroductionAlthough a number of studies were published on the efficacy of post‐transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy) for graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis, no large studies prospectively evaluated this strategy in related, unrelated, and haploidentical grafts.MethodsIn this study, GVHD prophylaxis for 57 matched bone marrow (MBM) grafts consisted of single‐agent PTCy, for 88 matched PBSC grafts (MPBSC) consisted of PTCy, tacrolimus, and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) 30 mg/kg, and for 55 mismatched grafts (MMGs) consisted of PTCy, tacrolimus and MMF 45 mg/kg.ResultsThe study met the primary endpoint to demonstrate equivalent rates of acute GVHD grade II‐IV (11%, 17%,19%, P = .46), III‐IV (7%, 2%, 6%, P = .41), and moderate and severe chronic GVHD (22%, 11%, 15%, P = .23). There was also no differences in non‐relapse mortality (11% vs 15% vs 17%, P = .75), overall survival (63% vs 71% vs 56%, P = .72), event‐free‐survival (51% vs 66% vs 48%, P = .32) for MBM, MPBSC, and MMG groups, respectively. Toxicity was comparable between groups except higher incidence of nephrotoxicity in combination arms (P = .0005) and higher incidence of graft failures in MMG group (P = .004).ConclusionThe suggested risk‐adapted PTCy‐based prophylaxis is feasible and is associated with low GVHD incidence and mortality in all types of grafts. The study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02294552).
Dance on cortex: enhanced theta synchrony in experts when watching a dance piece
Authors: Poikonen Hanna , Toiviainen Petri , Tervaniemi Mari 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWhen watching performing arts, a wide and complex network of brain processes emerge. These processes can be shaped by professional expertise. When compared to laymen, dancers have enhanced processes in observation of short dance movement and listening to music. But how do the cortical processes differ in musicians and dancers when watching an audio‐visual dance performance? In our study, we presented the participants long excerpts from the contemporary dance choreography of Carmen. During multimodal movement of a dancer, theta phase synchrony over the fronto‐central electrodes was stronger in dancers when compared to musicians and laymen. In addition, alpha synchrony was decreased in all groups during large rapid movement when compared to nearly motionless parts of the choreography. Our results suggest an enhanced cortical communication in dancers when watching dance and, further, that this enhancement is rather related to multimodal, cognitive and emotional processes than to simple observation of dance movement.
Effect of near‐surface wind speed and gustiness on horizontal and vertical porous medium gas transport and gas exchange with the atmosphere
Authors: Poulsen T. G. , Furman A. , Liberzon D. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryEffects of wind speed and wind gustiness on horizontal and vertical subsurface gas transport and subsurface–atmosphere gas exchange were investigated experimentally using a 40 cm × 40 cm, 35‐cm‐deep stainless steel container, filled with a dry granular porous medium (crushed basalt) of 2–4‐mm grain size. Experiments used CO2 and O2 as tracer gases and were conducted under both steady and gusty wind at speeds ranging from 0 to 5.6 m s−1. Tracer gas breakthrough curves were measured at 20 locations within the porous medium to assess both horizontal and vertical gas movement. Results indicated that horizontal gas movement in wind‐exposed porous materials is important, especially near the wind‐exposed surface, and suggested considerable effects of both wind speed and wind gustiness on both horizontal and vertical gas transport inside the porous medium as well as subsurface–atmospheric gas exchange. Although wind‐induced subsurface gas transport is likely to be multidimensional, one‐dimensional model simulations indicated that vertical transport is an adequate approximation of the resulting average gas transport and exchange with the atmosphere over a larger area.Highlights
Experimental assessment of near‐surface gas movement in wind‐exposed porous medium
Near‐surface gas movement in wind‐exposed porous media occurs both horizontally and vertically.
Wind speed and wind gustiness affect gas movement near the soil–atmosphere interface.
Wind‐induced bulk subsurface‐to‐atmosphere gas mass transport may be approximated as vertical.
Value of clinical features to differentiate refractory epilepsy from mimics: a prospective longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Labate A. , Mumoli L. , Curcio A. , Tripepi G. , D'Arrigo G. , Ferlazzo E. , Aguglia U. , Indolfi C. , Quattrone A. , Gambardella A. 
Published: January 2018

Background and purposeMisdiagnosis of refractory epilepsy (rE) is common and such patients experience a long diagnostic delay. Our aim was to identify key clinical/laboratory factors in order to obtain an alternative diagnosis in patients referred for rE.MethodsBetween January 2010 and December 2015, 125 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of rE were prospectively enrolled. All patients underwent a comprehensive neurological, neuropsychiatric and cardiological evaluation, and had an observation time of at least 1 year after the study entry.ResultsDiagnosis of rE was confirmed in 104/125 (83.2%) patients (55 women, mean age 38.8 ± 14.3 years). Thirteen/125 patients (10.4%, seven women, mean age 50.8 ± 20.9) were diagnosed with syncope, which was cardiac/cardio inhibitory in 9/13 (69%). The remaining 8/125 patients (6.4%, six women, mean age 41.2 ± 14.6 years) were diagnosed with psychogenic non‐epileptic seizures. Age at onset had a high accuracy in differentiating patients with syncope from others, with the best cut‐off age at 35 years and above. Abnormal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) had a significant yield of about 70% in rE. A diagnostic model including age at onset and brain MRI was highly accurate in differentiating patients with syncope from others. In patients with cardiac/cardio inhibitory syncope, the point score of historical features was ≥1 and falsely favoured the diagnosis of epileptic seizures.ConclusionsThis prospective cohort study identifies rE mimics who are at high risk of morbidity and mortality. rE starting in adulthood should raise a high suspicion of cardiac syncope. Brain MRI is accurate in differentiating rE from other conditions.
Intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke in patients on direct oral anticoagulants
Authors: Touzé E. , Gruel Y. , Gouin‐Thibault I. , De Maistre E. , Susen S. , Sie P. , Derex L. 
Published: January 2018

Background and purposeWhereas intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) is allowed for acute ischaemic stroke in patients on vitamin K antagonists with international normalized ratio ≤1.7, there are no similar recommendations for patients on direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), notably due to the lack of coagulation tests to assess the therapeutic effects. Although the literature is scarce, consisting of small case series and retrospective studies, considering the frequency of this situation the French Vascular Neurology Society and the French Study Group on Haemostasis and Thrombosis have worked on a joint position paper to provide a practical position regarding the emergency management of ischaemic stroke in patients on DOACs.MethodBased on a review of the literature, the authors wrote a first text that was submitted to a broad panel of members from the two societies. The text was then amended by the authors to address experts’ comments and to reach a consensus.ResultsIn patients with normal renal function and who stopped the DOAC for at least 48 h, the management should not differ from that in patients without oral anticoagulant. In patients who are still on DOACs, mechanical thrombectomy is encouraged preferentially when applicable in first line. Otherwise, when specific tests are available, values <50 ng/ml indicate that IVT is allowed. In the absence of specific tests, standard tests (thrombin time, prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time) can be used for dabigatran and rivaroxaban, although interpretation of these tests may be less reliable. In some patients on dabigatran, idarucizumab may be used before IVT.ConclusionsIn this expert opinion paper, it is suggested that IVT can be performed in patients selected according to the time elapsed since the drug was last taken, renal function, type of hospital where the patient is admitted and plasma concentration of DOAC.
Hunt or hide: How insularity and urbanization affect foraging decisions in lizards
Authors: De Meester Gilles , Lambreghts Yorick , Briesen Bjorn , Smeuninx Tom , Tadić Zoran , Van Damme Raoul 
Published: January 2018

AbstractForaging decisions should reflect a balance between costs and benefits of alternative strategies. Predation risk and resource availability in the environment may be crucial in deciding how cautious individuals should behave during foraging. These costs and benefits will vary in time and context, meaning that animals should be able to adjust their foraging behaviour to new or altered environments. Studying how animals do this is essential to understand their survival in these environments. In this study, we investigated the effect of both insularity and urbanization on risk‐taking and neophobia during foraging in the Dalmatian wall lizard (Podarcis melisellensis). Small islets tend to have both a lower number of predators and less resources. Therefore, islet populations were expected to show more risk‐taking behaviour and less neophobia in a foraging context. Previous studies on behaviour of urban lizards have yielded inconsistent results, but due to a lack of both predators and arthropod prey in urban habitats, we expected urban lizards to also take more risks and behave less neophobic. We sampled several inhabited and uninhabited locations on Vis (Croatia) and surrounding islets. Risk‐taking behaviour was tested by measuring the latency of lizards to feed in the presence of a predator model, and neophobia by measuring the latency to feed in the presence of a novel object. We found that islet lizards do indeed take more risks and were less vigilant, but not less neophobic. Urban and rural lizards did not differ in any of these behaviours, which is in sharp contrast with previous work on mammals and birds. The behavioural differences between islet and island lizards were novel, but not unexpected findings and are in line with the theory of “island tameness”. The effect of urbanization on the behaviour of animals seems to be more complex and might vary among taxa.
The NMR solution structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis F‐ATP synthase subunit ε provides new insight into energy coupling inside the rotary engine
Authors: Joon Shin , Ragunathan Priya , Sundararaman Lavanya , Nartey Wilson , Kundu Subhashri , Manimekalai Malathy S. S. , Bogdanović Nebojša , Dick Thomas , Grüber Gerhard 
Published: January 2018

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mt) F1F0 ATP synthase (α3:β3:γ:δ:ε:a:b:b′:c9) is essential for the viability of growing and nongrowing persister cells of the pathogen. Here, we present the first NMR solution structure of Mtε, revealing an N‐terminal β‐barrel domain (NTD) and a C‐terminal domain (CTD) composed of a helix‐loop‐helix with helix 1 and ‐2 being shorter compared to their counterparts in other bacteria. The C‐terminal amino acids are oriented toward the NTD, forming a domain‐domain interface between the NTD and CTD. The Mtε structure provides a novel mechanistic model of coupling c‐ring‐ and ε rotation via a patch of hydrophobic residues in the NTD and residues of the CTD to the bottom of the catalytic α3β3‐headpiece. To test our model, genome site‐directed mutagenesis was employed to introduce amino acid changes in these two parts of the epsilon subunit. Inverted vesicle assays show that these mutations caused an increase in ATP hydrolysis activity and a reduction in ATP synthesis. The structural and enzymatic data are discussed in light of the transition mechanism of a compact and extended state of Mtε, which provides the inhibitory effects of this coupling subunit inside the rotary engine. Finally, the employment of these data with molecular docking shed light into the second binding site of the drug Bedaquiline.DatabaseStructural data are available in the PDB under the accession number 5YIO.
Osteopontin contributes to effective neutrophil recruitment, IL‐1β production and apoptosis in Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis
Authors: Zhao Guiqiu , Hu Ming , Li Cui , Lee Jieun , Yuan Kelan , Zhu Guoqiang , Che Chengye 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFungal keratitis is a major cause of corneal ulcers, resulting in significant visual impairment and blindness. A phosphorylated glycoprotein secreted by immunocompetent cells, osteopontin (OPN) mediates cluster formation of the host fungal receptors and enhances the phagocytosis and clearance of pathogenic fungi. However, whether OPN production and function occurs in fungal keratitis is unknown. OPN expression in Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis patient corneas was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and immunofluorescence. Human neutrophils, THP‐1 macrophages and corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) stimulated with A. fumigatus were utilized for in vitro experiments. Mouse models of A. fumigatus keratitis were developed by intrastromal injection for in vivo experiments. Using siRNAs, neutralizing antibodies, recombinant proteins and inhibitors, the production and role of OPN in A. fumigatus infection was assessed by clinical evaluation, qRT‐PCR, immunofluorescence, western blotting and bioluminescence image acquisition. We observed increased corneal OPN expression in A. fumigatus keratitis patients and mouse models compared to controls. OPN production in response to A. fumigatus infection was dependent on LOX‐1 and Erk1/2. Compared to controls, OPN knockdown impaired proinflammatory cytokine IL‐1β production, which was dependent on 4E‐BP1. OPN knockdown decreased myeloperoxidase levels, and resulted in decreased neutrophil recruitment, higher fungal load and increased apoptosis in mouse A. fumigatus keratitis. Our results indicate that OPN is a critical component of the antifungal immune response and is essential for effective neutrophil recruitment, inflammatory cytokine production and apoptosis in A. fumigatus keratitis.
Estimating the Cost‐of‐Equity Capital Using Empirical Asset Pricing Models
Authors: Kirby Chris 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEmpirical asset pricing models seek to capture characteristic‐based patterns in the cross‐section of average stock returns. I propose a new approach for constructing these models, and investigate its performance with respect to estimating the cost‐of‐equity capital. Using a model that accounts for the cross‐sectional relation between five characteristics and average stock returns, I obtain cost‐of‐equity estimates that outperform those produced by the Fama‐French five‐factor model in out‐of‐sample tests. Because the proposed approach builds directly on standard cross‐sectional regression techniques, it provides complete flexibility in choosing the firm characteristics used to formulate the cost‐of‐equity estimates.
Reduced orienting to audiovisual synchrony in infancy predicts autism diagnosis at 3 years of age
Authors: Falck‐Ytter Terje , Nyström Pär , Gredebäck Gustaf , Gliga Teodora , Bölte Sven ,   the EASE team
Published: January 2018

BackgroundEffective multisensory processing develops in infancy and is thought to be important for the perception of unified and multimodal objects and events. Previous research suggests impaired multisensory processing in autism, but its role in the early development of the disorder is yet uncertain. Here, using a prospective longitudinal design, we tested whether reduced visual attention to audiovisual synchrony is an infant marker of later‐emerging autism diagnosis.MethodsWe studied 10‐month‐old siblings of children with autism using an eye tracking task previously used in studies of preschoolers. The task assessed the effect of manipulations of audiovisual synchrony on viewing patterns while the infants were observing point light displays of biological motion. We analyzed the gaze data recorded in infancy according to diagnostic status at 3 years of age (DSM‐5).ResultsTen‐month‐old infants who later received an autism diagnosis did not orient to audiovisual synchrony expressed within biological motion. In contrast, both infants at low‐risk and high‐risk siblings without autism at follow‐up had a strong preference for this type of information. No group differences were observed in terms of orienting to upright biological motion.ConclusionsThis study suggests that reduced orienting to audiovisual synchrony within biological motion is an early sign of autism. The findings support the view that poor multisensory processing could be an important antecedent marker of this neurodevelopmental condition.
Effects of Survey Mode on Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) Hospice Survey Scores
Authors: Parast Layla , Elliott Marc N. , Hambarsoomian Katrin , Teno Joan , Anhang Price Rebecca 
Published: January 2018

ObjectivesTo examine the effect of mode of survey administration on response rates and response tendencies for the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) Hospice Survey and develop appropriate adjustments.DesignSurvey response data were obtained after sampling and fielding of the CAHPS Hospice Survey in 2015. Sampled caregivers and decedents were randomized to one of three modes: mail only, telephone only, and mixed mode (mail with telephone follow‐up). Linear regression analysis was used to examine the effect of mode on individual responses to questions (6 composite measures and 2 global measures that examine hospice quality).SettingU.S. hospice programs (N = 57).ParticipantsPrimary caregivers of individuals who died in hospice (N = 7,349).MeasurementsOutcomes were 8 hospice quality measures (6 composite measures, 2 global measures). Analyses were adjusted for differences in case‐mix (e.g., decedent age, payer for hospice care, primary diagnosis, length of final episode of hospice care, respondent age, respondent education, relationship of decedent to caregiver, survey language, and language spoken at home) between hospices.ResultsResponse rates were 42.6% for those randomized to mail only, 37.9%, for those randomized to telephone only, and 52.6% for those randomized to mixed mode (P < .001 for difference). There were significant mode effects (P < .05) for 10 of the 24 questions that compose the quality measures, with mail‐only respondents being significantly more likely to report better experiences than telephone‐only respondents.ConclusionUnlike results observed in previous mode experiments for hospital CAHPS, hospice primary caregivers tend to respond more negatively by telephone than by mail. Valid comparisons of hospice performance require that reported hospice scores be adjusted for survey mode.