bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Playful activities mitigate relations between parental mental health difficulties and child verbal outcomes
Authors: Nelson Paige M. , Scheiber Francesca , Laughlin Haley M. , Demir‐Lira Ö. Ece 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study examined the role of parental involvement in the home learning environment in the association between parental mental health and child cognitive performance. In a sample of 174 three‐ to five‐year‐old children (52% female, 97% White, 7% Hispanic, 2019–2022), playful activities moderated the relation between parental general depression and child verbal reasoning and acquired verbal knowledge. However, there was no evidence that parental involvement moderated the association between parental mental health and child spatial reasoning. These results improve our understanding of the pathways by which parental mental health, even in a non‐clinical community sample, relate to child outcomes and raise the possibility of leveraging playful activities as one mechanism to alleviate the potential role of parental mental health difficulties.
Microglial Melatonin Receptor 1 Degrades Pathological Alpha‐Synuclein Through Activating LC3‐Associated Phagocytosis In Vitro
Authors: Yao Xiao‐Yu , Cao Bing‐Er , Liu Jun‐Yi , Lv Qian‐Kun , Zhang Jia‐Rui , Cheng Xiao‐Yu , Mao Cheng‐Jie , Ma Quan‐Hong , Wang Fen , Liu Chun‐Feng 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimsParkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the formation of Lewy bodies (LBs), primarily constituted of α‐synuclein (α‐Syn). Microglial cells exhibit specific reactivity toward misfolded proteins such as α‐Syn. However, the exact clearance mechanism and related molecular targets remain elusive.MethodsBV2 cells, primary microglia from wild‐type and MT1 knockout mice, and primary cortical neurons were utilized as experimental models. The study investigated relevant mechanisms by modulating microglial MT1 expression through small RNA interference (RNAi) and lentiviral overexpression techniques. Furthermore, pathological aggregation of α‐Syn was induced using pre‐formed fibrils (PFF) α‐Syn. Co‐immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, Western blot (WB), and quantitative real‐time PCR were used to elucidate the mechanisms of molecular regulation.ResultsIn this study, we elucidated the regulatory role of the melatonin receptor 1 (MT1) in the microglial phagocytic process. Following MT1 knockout, the ability of microglial cells to engulf latex beads and zymosan particles decreased, subsequently affecting the phagocytic degradation of fibrillar α‐Syn by microglial cells. Furthermore, the loss of MT1 receptors in microglial cells exacerbates the aggregation of α‐Syn in neurons induced by pre‐formed fibrils (PFF) α‐Syn. Mechanistically, MT1 influences the phagocytic function of microglial cells by regulating the Rubicon‐dependent LC3‐associated phagocytosis (LAP) pathway.ConclusionTaken together, the results suggest the neuroprotective function of microglial cells in clearing α‐Syn through MT1‐mediated LAP, highlighting the potential key role of MT1 in pathogenic mechanisms associated with α‐Syn.
Mevalonate in blood and muscle: Response to atorvastatin treatment and the relationship to statin intolerance in patients with coronary heart disease
Authors: Lauritzen Trine , Munkhaugen John , Bergan Stein , Sverre Elise , Peersen Kari , Lindahl Sofia , Husebye Einar , Vethe Nils Tore 
Published: October 2024

AbstractStatin‐associated muscle symptoms are frequently reported and often lead to discontinuation of statin therapy with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. In vitro studies suggest that statin‐mediated inhibition of the mevalonate pathway leads to muscle cell toxicity. We aimed to determine the relationship between mevalonate, LDL‐cholesterol, and atorvastatin metabolites in patients with coronary heart disease and self‐perceived muscle side effects. Furthermore, we assessed the correlation between mevalonate in blood and muscle and the relationship to statin intolerance due to muscle symptoms. We used blood plasma from a randomized crossover trial (n = 70) and muscle biopsies and plasma from a subgroup in a subsequent open intervention study (n = 26). Both studies tested atorvastatin 40 mg/day. Seven patients did not tolerate ≥3 statins throughout the follow‐up and were classified as statin‐intolerant. Mevalonate in blood plasma decreased during atorvastatin treatment (median difference −38%, range −77% to 43%, p < 0.001), whereas mevalonate in muscle tissue was not lowered (0.05%, range −47% to 145%). Mevalonate correlated poorly with LDL‐cholesterol and atorvastatin metabolites (Spearman's rho −0.28 to 0.10). The statin‐intolerant patients had a smaller reduction in circulating mevalonate compared with the tolerant patients; median difference −8.1 (−22 to 3.5) nmol/L versus −25 (−93 to 12) nmol/L, p = 0.028. A similar observation was made for LDL‐cholesterol. Cutoffs based on these biomarkers classified >50% correctly as tolerant. Inhibition of the mevalonate pathway does not appear to be the mechanism underlying statin intolerance in the present study. Further studies of mevalonate as a biomarker for statin tolerance are needed to clarify the potential.
Strive, Thrive & Survive: embracing challenges in pursuit of passion
Authors: Olagunju Abolaji Samson 
Published: October 2024

AbstractChallenges don’t last; embracing them is crucial to growth and success. Knowing and absorbing this is very important for students in any program and at any level in the academic world. I have my bachelor’s and master’s degrees from Ladoke Akintola University of Technology and University of Ibadan, Nigeria, respectively. Currently, I am a doctorate student at the Department of Immunology, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. This article discusses my adaptation to a new environment, overcoming challenges, and the importance of support systems.
Declining invasive and rising in situ melanoma incidence trends in Iceland: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Thomas Sierra , Hoyt David , Stoddard Gregory , Snyder Ashley M. , Andradottir Eir , Grant‐Kels Jane M. , Ungar Jonathan , Lewin Jesse M. , Gulati Nicholas , Jonasson Jon Gunnlaugur , Sigurdsson Helgi , Helgadottir Hildur , Adalsteinsson Jonas A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundMelanoma is increasing worldwide, with incidence rates of invasive melanoma and melanoma in situ (MIS) varying by country.ObjectiveTo provide updated invasive melanoma and MIS incidence and mortality trends in Iceland and explore differences among sex and rurality.MethodsIn this whole‐population study using the Icelandic Cancer Registry, patients diagnosed with invasive melanoma or MIS between 1957 and 2021 were included. Sex‐specific world standardized incidence (WSR) and mortality rates were assessed by rurality. Joinpoint analysis was used to calculate trends using annual per cent change (APC).ResultsInvasive melanoma incidence rates increased from 0.66 to 7.0 (men) and 1.6 to 11.0 (women) per 100,000 person‐years, and from 0.2 to 4.0 and 0.9 to 9.5 per 100,000 person‐years for MIS in men and women, respectively, with a statistically significant linear trend (p = 0.001). WSR peaked in both men and women (10.7, 17.9 per 100,000 person‐years) between 2002 and 2006 and has since been trending down. Between 1991 and 2005, the rise in invasive melanoma occurred more frequently in urban regions. Between 2003 and 2005, joinpoint analysis demonstrated a downtrend in invasive melanoma in men and women (−0.29, −0.73; p < 0.05). For MIS, the WSR peaked at 12.4 per 100,000 person‐years in women between 1997 and 2001 before down‐trending to 4.2. In recent years (2017–2021), the WSR has been steadily increasing in women with an APC of 1.43. Melanoma‐specific mortality has decreased since 2012 (−0.07; p < 0.05).ConclusionsDeclining invasive melanoma incidence and mortality rates in conjunction with the recent rise in MIS may reflect the impact of Iceland's sun safety and anti‐sunbed educational campaigns, federal regulation of sunbeds and earlier melanoma detection in urban areas.
Validation of serum non‐invasive tests of liver fibrosis as prognostic markers of clinical outcomes in people with fatty liver disease in Australia
Authors: Vaz Karl , Kemp William , Majeed Ammar , Lubel John , Magliano Dianna J , Glenister Kristen M , Bourke Lisa , Simmons David , Roberts Stuart K 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground and AimThe validity of non‐invasive tests (NITs) of liver fibrosis for the prediction of liver and mortality outcomes in an Australian cohort is unknown. We aimed to verify the utility of available NITs to predict overall and cause‐specific mortality and major adverse liver outcome (MALO).MethodsThis was an analysis from the Crossroads 1 clinic sub‐study of a randomly sampled adult cohort from regional Australia between 2001 and 2003. Baseline variables included demographic details, anthropometry, health and lifestyle data, and laboratory tests. Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic‐(dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) were defined by fatty liver index ≥ 60 and other accepted criteria. Outcomes were defined by the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision codes for linked hospitalization and death registry data. Available serum‐based NITs were analyzed as predictors of overall, cardiovascular disease‐related, and cancer‐related mortality and MALO in those with fatty liver disease (FLD).ResultsIn total, 1324 and 1444 participants were included for NAFLD and MAFLD analysis (prevalence 35.4% and 40.7%, respectively). There were 298 deaths (89 cardiovascular disease‐related and 98 cancer‐related) and 24 MALO over a median 19.7 years of follow‐up time. In both forms of FLD, fibrosis‐4 index, Steatosis‐Associated Fibrosis Estimator score, and Forns fibrosis score consistently had the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for overall and cause‐specific mortality, with AUROC > 0.70 for each outcome. However, all had poor discriminatory ability for determining MALO in each FLD.ConclusionsSeveral liver fibrosis NITs perform similarly reasonably well in predicting the risk of mortality outcomes in those with FLD but are poorly discriminatory for MALO prediction.
Assessing causality in deprescribing studies: A focus on adverse drug events and adverse drug withdrawal events
Authors: Li Xiaojuan , Bayliss Elizabeth A. , Brookhart M. Alan , Maciejewski Matthew L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGenerating real‐world evidence about the effect of medication discontinuation or dose reduction on outcomes, such as reduction of adverse drug effects (ADE; intended benefit) and occurrence of adverse drug withdrawal events (ADWE; unintended harm), is crucial to informing deprescribing decisions. Determining the causal effects of deprescribing is difficult for many reasons, including lack of randomization in real‐world study designs and other design and measurement issues that pose threats to internal validity. The inherent challenge is how to identify the effects, both intended benefits and unintended harms, of a new medication stoppage or reduction when implemented in patients with many potential clinical and social risks that may influence the likelihood of deprescribing as well as outcomes. We discuss methodological issues of estimating the effect of medication discontinuation or reduction on risk of ADEs and ADWEs considering: (1) sampling study populations of sufficient size with the potential to demonstrate clinically meaningful and quantifiable outcomes, (2) accurate and appropriately timed measurement of covariates, outcomes, and discontinuation, and (3) statistical approaches to managing confounding and other biases inherent in long‐term medication use by individuals with multiple morbidities. Designing rigorous deprescribing studies that address internal validity threats will support evidence generation by improving the ability to assess benefits and harms when the exposure of interest is the absence of a medication. Iterative learnings about data quality, variable definition, variable measurement, and exposure‐outcome associations will inform strategies to improve the causal inferences possible in real‐world deprescribing studies.
Unilateral Action on Climate Change and the Moral Obligation to Take Leadership
Authors: Steel Daniel , Cripps Rachel , DesRoches C. Tyler , Bartha Paul , Mintz‐Woo Kian 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTWe claim that a moral obligation to take climate leadership by means of unilateral mitigation depends on the existence of a plausible follow‐the‐leader mechanism whereby unilateral mitigation by some increases the probability of sufficient mitigation by others to avert catastrophic climate impacts. By understanding these mechanisms, we can better articulate the obligation for climate leadership across various sectors, from government to individual actors, in the fight against climate change.
The Effect of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy–Based Psychoeducation on Medication Adherence and Aggression in Individuals Diagnosed With Schizophrenia: An Experimental Study
Authors: Can Sevinç Yaşar , Budak Funda Kavak 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionIt is known that treatment compliance is low and aggression is higher in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia compared to the normal population. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is known to reduce relapse and hospitalisation and increase well‐being in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. However, there are almost no studies on increasing treatment compliance and decreasing aggression.AimsThis study was conducted to determine how CBT–based psychoeducation affects medication adherence and aggression in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia.MethodsThe study was conducted as a quasi‐experimental model with the pre‐test–post‐test control group with 73 schizophrenic patients (33 experimental, 40 control) between June 2022 and July 2023. Data were collected using the Descriptive Characteristics Form, Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS) and Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPSQ). The schizophrenic patients in the experimental group were given eight sessions of CBT‐based psychoeducation, while the schizophrenic patients in the control group were not given any training. The data were analysed using mean, standard deviation, chi‐squared test, dependent samples t‐test and independent samples t‐test.ResultsIt was determined that the aggression level of the experimental group before the training was 80.51 ± 19.38, and after the CBT‐based psychoeducation, it was 73.12 ± 15.28. It was determined that the aggression level of the control group before the training was 84.22 ± 12.13, and after the post‐test, it was 85.60 ± 11.72. It was determined that the medication adherence level of the experimental group before the training was 2.75 ± 1.25, and after the CBT‐based psychoeducation, it was 3.57 ± 0.67. It was determined that the medication adherence level of the control group before the training was 2.05 ± 1.33, and after the post‐test, it was 2.17 ± 1.36. The psychoeducation based on CBT caused a statistically significant difference (p = 0.001) in medication adherence and aggression levels in the experimental group.DiscussionIt was determined that CBT applied to individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia was effective on increasing their medication adherence and reducing their aggression. It is recommended for psychiatric nurses to include CBT‐based psychoeducation in their nursing practices in order to increase medication adherence and reduce aggression in individuals with schizophrenia.Implications for PracticeThe findings emphasise that CBT‐based psychoeducation increases treatment adherence and significantly decreases the level of aggression in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. Psychiatric nurses should include CBT‐based psychoeducation in their treatments.
Association of time to start of enteral nutrition and outcome in cats with hepatic lipidosis
Authors: Wallace Olivia P. , Jablonski Sara A. , Thomas Jennifer S. , Bock Jack H. , Langlois Daniel K. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundEnteral nutrition (EN) is essential for management of hepatic lipidosis (HL) in cats.ObjectivesTo determine if time to start of EN and other clinicopathologic variables are associated with outcome in cats with HL.AnimalsForty‐eight cats with HL.MethodsRetrospective study. Information retrieved from medical records and client communications included clinicopathologic findings, time to start of EN, initial % of resting energy requirements provided, type of feeding tube, duration of hospitalization, and 3‐month survival. Variables were compared between surviving and nonsurviving cats and between cats fed ≤12 hours and >12 hours after hospital admission. Multivariable statistical testing was performed to further investigate variables of interest.ResultsSeventeen of 25 (68%) cats fed ≤12 hours and 13 of 23 (57%) of cats fed >12 hours after hospital admission survived (P = .55). Only increasing age (odds ratio [OR], 1.313; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.032‐1.671; P = .03) and the presence of ascites (OR, 6.415; 95% CI, 1.354‐30.395; P = .02) were associated with death in multivariable analysis. Hospitalization duration (median, interquartile range [IQR]) was shorter in cats fed >12 hours (2.8 days; IQR, 2.1‐3.8 days) as compared with cats fed ≤12 hours (4.8 days; IQR, 3.6‐6.2 days) after hospital admission (P < .001).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAn initial stabilization period before EN introduction does not decrease survival or increase duration of hospitalization in cats with HL.
A Missense Variant Affecting the N‐Terminal Domain of the Laminin‐332 β3 Chain Results in a Distinct Form of Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa With Altered Granulation Tissue Response and No New Blistering: A Second Family Report
Authors: Goldoni Marina , Torres Barbara , Pettinato Maurizio , Gennaro Alessia , Biagini Tommaso , Condorelli Angelo Giuseppe , Monetta Rosanna , Mazza Tommaso , Bernardini Laura , Mattina Teresa 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTJunctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) is a rare genodermatosis characterized by fragility of the skin and mucous membranes due to alterations in the dermal epidermal junction. This condition manifests as mechanically induced bullous lesions that heal with hypertrophic granulation tissue and/or atrophic scars. Here, we report two brothers carrying a homozygous LAMB3 missense variant, p.Gly254Asp, which affects the N‐terminal end of the laminin‐332 (LM332) β3 chain, previously described in another JEB family sharing a common ethnic origin and LAMB3 haplotype with the siblings reported here. Moreover, all affected patients with p.Gly254Asp mutation from both families exhibits a distinct phenotype consisting of a few localized long‐standing skin lesions characterized by excessive granulation tissue formation or keloid scars, without new blistering, and associated with amelogenesis imperfecta. Our patients also showed nail dystrophy, expanding the phenotypic spectrum and confirming the peculiar role of the N‐terminal end of the β3 chain in regulating the granulation tissue response associated with the wound healing process.
Hindu Nationalism emerging from narcissism of minor differences in Indo‐Bangladesh borderlands: A gendered narration
Authors: Roy Sneha 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Sundarbans as a region is shared between Bangladesh (60%) and India (40%) and forms an intriguing geography to understand not only the consequences of macro‐political landmarks such as the partition, it is an arable field to explore the intersections of people, history, and politics‐ with a particular recognition of the constructions, constitutions, and manifestations of shifting, undefined, cultural and physical borders. This paper contends that Hindu nationalism in the Indian Sundarbans borderlands emerges as a result of what Sigmund Freud called ‘narcissism of minor differences’ between the Bengalis across borders and it makes for a distinct kind of nationalism that unfavourably impacts the Muslim Bengalis in the region. I situate that the ongoing aggressive Hindu nationalism in India's Bengal is a classic case of narcissism of minor differences and understanding its nuances can illuminate the multiple ways in which variant forms of nationalism are highly appropriated and propagated. Secondly, the study addresses how the liminal borderlands are fertile fields for such type of nationalism. Lastly, in order to further problematise the actors and the activism around nationalism, I study the work of Hindu nationalist women who volunteer with the Rashtriya Sevika Samiti to map and appraise the gendered aspect of this discourse. The Bengali Hindu Samiti women dedicate much of their nationalist activism in emphasising on both territorial and cultural borders and target Bengali Muslims who have migrated from Bangladesh and with whom they share deep civilisational and cultural sameness.
An indigenous safehouse project for survivors of witchcraft accusation in the highlands of Papua New Guinea
Authors: Main Michael 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper describes a safehouse project for survivors of witchcraft accusations that has been initiated by people of the Hewa‐speaking community located in the Papua New Guinea highlands. Belief in witchcraft and the killing of accused witches has a long cultural history among Hewa people, where it was formerly part of intergroup conflict and patterns of dominance and retribution. Contemporary Hewa witch killing often involves the use of torture and the targeting of children and infants, although these have no historical precedent. The safehouse has been established inside the community itself. Locating the safehouse where accusations and killing are taking place is a deliberate strategy to change the belief system that supports the identification and killing of accused witches. This model also ensures that people do not become internally displaced when they flee their accusers. The safehouse is designed to be self‐sufficient so that is does not become reliant on aid from external organisations.
Association between venous leg ulcers and knee osteoarthritis: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Pan Deyi , Yang Runqiao , Zhang Yalan , Chen Yuemei , Wang Yuhui , Xu Shixiong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo gain a clearer understanding of the relationship between venous leg ulcers (VLUs) and knee osteoarthritis (KOA), we performed a two‐sample, bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis in this study. The present MR was carried out using summary data from publicly available genome‐wide association studies. After filtering single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), we applied a variety of MR methods including inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR egger, weighted mode, and weighted median. IVW analysis revealed that the genetic association between VLUs and KOA was not significant (β = −0.017; SE 0.039; p = 0.658). In agreement with the IVW analysis, the findings of the weighted median estimator (β = −0.017; SE 0.052, p = 0.751), MR egger (β = 0.057; SE 0.084; p = 0.513), and weighted mode (β = 0.060; SE 0.078; p = 0.456) indicated the absence of a significant genetic association between VLUs and KOA. Furthermore, reverse causality analysis suggested a lack of genetic relationship between KOA and VLUs. In conclusion, the present MR study does not suggest a causal relationship or reverse causal relationship between VLUs and KOA.