bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conserved fungal effector NLS1 suppresses Lepidoptera insect immunity by targeting the host defense protein Hdd11
Authors: Wang Yulong , Dong Ying , Liu Kexin , Li Gen , Cheng Jing , Cao Yin , Yang Yang , Qin Li , Huang Bo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEntomopathogenic fungi have been widely used as the main mycoinsecticide for controlling agricultural and forest pests. The effector molecules of these mycopathogens have evolved to adapt to their hosts. The role of fungal effectors in evading the host immune system in insects remains mainly unclear. We characterized the widely distributed fungal effector necrosis‐inducing‐like secreted protein 1 (NLS1) in the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium robertsii. Our findings revealed the presence of M. robertsii NLS1 (MrNLS1) in host hemocytes during the early stage of hemocoel infection. MrNLS1 knock down (ΔMrNLS1) reduced fungal pathogenicity during infection and altered the expression of host immune genes. The molecular docking results and the yeast 2‐hybrid assay confirmed that MrNLS1 interacts with the host defense protein Hdd11. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that Hdd11 is conserved across a broad range of Lepidoptera species. Knock down of hdd11 in Helicoverpa armigera, Bombyx mori, and Galleria mellonella markedly suppressed their immune responses against M. robertsii. However, no significant difference was observed in the mean lethal time between hdd11‐knockdown Lepidoptera species infected with ΔMrNLS1 and those infected with wild‐type M. robertsii. Therefore, in Lepidoptera insects, Hdd11 is essential for fungal defense. In conclusion, M. robertsii infects Lepidoptera insects by targeting host Hdd11 through its protein MrNLS1, thereby suppressing the host immune response. Our findings clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying fungal infection pathogenesis.
Serotonin suppresses intraspecific aggression in an agrobiont spider, Pardosa pseudoannulata, without affecting predation on insects
Authors: Dong Shuchen , Chen Tao , Chen Yunru , Wang Yilin , Yan Yihao , Liu Xuerui , Liu Zewen , Yu Na 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSpiders are an abundant group of natural enemies preying on insect pests in agroecosystem. But their potential in biological control has not been fully realized due to difficult mass production. One hindrance is the intense intraspecific aggression in spiders. Neurotransmitters such as serotonin play important roles in modulating aggression. Here, we investigated the regulatory function of serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine [5‐HT]) signaling in the intraspecific aggression in a wandering spider Pardosa pseudoannulata (Araneae, Lycosidae). The aggression was quantified with 5 escalated aggression behaviors as approach, chasing, lunging, boxing, and biting. Virgin (VG) females exhibited higher aggression levels but less 5‐HT content than post‐reproductive (PR) females. Systemic increase of 5‐HT via 5‐HT injection decreased aggression, while decrease of 5‐HT via RNA interference (RNAi) of the tryptophan hydroxylase gene, increased aggression. The involvement of the four 5‐HT receptors were determined via individual or combined RNAi. Co‐RNAi of the three 5‐HT1 genes increased overall aggression with decreased incidents of approach, chasing, lunging, and increased biting. RNAi of 5‐HT1B decreased approach and increased biting, whereas RNAi of 5‐HT1A or 5‐HT1C did not affect aggression. RNAi of 5‐HT7 decreased approach only. Therefore, different 5‐HT receptor types contribute to different aspects of the inhibitory effects of 5‐HT on aggression and provide several pharmacological targets for manipulating spider aggression. 5‐HT injection did not affect spiders’ predation on their insect prey, the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens. The findings reveal 1 neuronal mechanism regulating intraspecific aggression in spiders and provide an insight in developing aggression suppression strategies for spider mass rearing.
Three‐dimensional assessment of root canal morphology of primary dentition using cone beam computed tomography
Authors: Sahoo Subhashree , Sriram Swetha , Muthu Murugan Satta , Haridoss Selvakumar , Lee Justin J. C. , Swaminathan Kavitha , C Krithika , Sung Young Jae , Musale Prasad 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundRoot canal therapy in primary teeth is exceedingly complex due to the unique internal geometry of the pulp cavity.AimThe purpose of this study was to evaluate variations in primary teeth root canal morphology and applicability of the Ahmed et al. (Int Endod J, 50, 2017, 761) alphanumeric system for classifying them.DesignA retrospective analysis of 2024 primary teeth from an existing CBCT database was performed for assessing variations in root canal morphology. Descriptive statistics and the chi‐squared test were used for data analysis.ResultsThe maxillary canines exhibited splitting levels of 5.9% (right) and 6.6% (left), and merging levels of 1% (both sides); maxillary lateral incisors showed splitting levels of 2.6% (right) and 0.8% (left), with no merging observed; mandibular second molars had splitting levels of 1.5% (right) and 0.8% (left), with no merging observed; and mandibular lateral incisors exhibited a merging level of 0.9% (right), with no splitting observed.ConclusionThis study provides new insights into the variations in root canal morphology of primary teeth, particularly highlighting the variations found in primary canines. The Ahmed et al. (Int Endod J, 50, 2017, 761) classification system was found to be a useful tool for categorizing these variations.
Women's Experience and Management of Cancer‐Related Fatigue and Psychological Distress During Treatment for Gynaecological Cancer: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Ma Xing , Wang Qian , Chan Dorothy Ngo Sheung 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo explore women's experience and management of cancer‐related fatigue and psychological distress during treatment for gynaecological cancer.DesignQualitative descriptive study.MethodsFace‐to‐face semistructured individual interviews were conducted with 23 women in mainland China undergoing treatment for gynaecological cancer between July and October 2023. Data were analysed using content analysis.ResultsThree categories were identified: overwhelming experience of cancer‐related fatigue, diverse experiences of psychological distress and strategies for managing cancer‐related fatigue and psychological distress. Participants reported physical exhaustion and emotional fatigue, disrupting their normal lives. Psychological distress included distress due to cancer treatment, psychological burden associated with social relationships, frustration with being ill and worries about disease progression and recurrence. Strategies for managing symptoms were mainly nonpharmacological, with some unable to find suitable methods.ConclusionThis study found that participants had a complex experience of cancer‐related fatigue and psychological distress, influenced by social expectations regarding women's roles and treatment impacts on reproductive health and femininity. These findings underscore the need for comprehensive interventions involving family members or fellow patients to reduce both symptoms.Implications for Patient CareNurses should focus on addressing cancer‐related fatigue and psychological distress in women receiving treatment for gynaecological cancer, particularly in adolescents and young adults. It is essential to provide comprehensive care to improve their physical and psychological well‐being.ImpactThis study explored how women with gynaecological cancer experience and manage cancer‐related fatigue and psychological distress. The findings highlight the need for holistic care that addresses physical and psychological symptoms. Nurses should consider the impact of reproductive health and femininity on symptom experiences and management. Furthermore, the findings could inform the development of evidence‐based interventions to improve the physical and psychological well‐being of women with gynaecological cancer.Reporting MethodStandards for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Unit Leadership and Climates for Evidence‐Based Practice Implementation in Maternal–Infant Health Units: A Cross‐Sectional Descriptive Study
Authors: Hsu Jessica , Morgan Mikayla , Veliz Philip , Shuman Clayton 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimsTo describe unit leadership and climates for evidence‐based practice implementation and test for differences in unit leader and staff nurses' perceptions within maternal–infant units.DesignA cross‐sectional descriptive study.MethodsA convenience sample of maternal–infant unit leaders and nurses (labour, postpartum, neonatal intensive care, paediatrics) from four Midwestern United States hospitals completed a survey including the Implementation Leadership Scale (ILS) and Implementation Climate Scale (ICS). Descriptive statistics described items, subscales and total scores. Independent t‐tests with Bonferroni correction tested for differences in perceptions.ResultsA total of 470 nurses and 21 unit leaders responded, representing 17 units. Ratings of unit leadership and climates for implementation were modest at best [ICS: M = 2.17 (nurses), 2.41 (leaders); ILS: M = 2.4 (nurses), 2.98 (leaders)]. Unit leader ratings were statistically significant and higher than nurse ratings.ConclusionThis study is one of the first to describe unit leadership and climates for implementation in maternal–infant health. To improve outcomes and equity in maternal–infant health, attention on leadership behaviours and unit climates for evidence‐based practice implementation is needed.Implications for the ProfessionNurse leaders are encouraged to evaluate their leadership behaviours and the unit climates they facilitate, and work to improve areas of concern or where staff perceptions differ. Staff nurses should work with their leaders to identify resources and rewards/recognition which support and facilitate EBP implementation.ImpactThis study addressed a gap in research examining the social dynamic factors of unit leadership and climate for evidence‐based practice implementation in maternal–infant units. Leadership behaviours for implementation and unit climate were rated moderately by both staff and leaders. Unit leaders rated their implementation leadership and climates higher in almost all items. This study is relevant to unit leaders and nurses in maternal–infant units in the United States.Reporting MethodThis study adhered to STROBE guidelines.Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
The Impact of Exposure Dosage and Host Genetics on the Shedding Kinetics of Flavobacterium psychrophilum in Rainbow Trout
Authors: Jones Darbi R. , Everson Jeremy , Leeds Timothy D. , Wiens Gregory D. , Wargo Andrew R. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTFlavobacterium psychrophilum, the causative agent of bacterial cold water disease (BCWD), is one of the leading pathogens in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) aquaculture. To date, there is little knowledge of the transmission kinetics of F. psychrophilum over the course of infection. In particular, how transmission is affected by host genotype and pathogen exposure dosage are not well studied. In order to fill in these knowledge gaps, we exposed two divergently selected lines of rainbow trout (ARS‐Fp‐R and ARS‐Fp‐S) to a range of dosages of F. psychrophilum (strain CSF117‐10). We then measured mortality and bacterial shedding to estimate transmission risk at multiple time points since initial infection. As dosage increased, the number of fish shedding and the amount of bacteria shed increased ranging from 0% to 100% and 103 to 108 cells fish−1 h−1, respectively. In addition, we found that disease resistance (survival) was not correlated with transmission risk blocking, in that 67% of fish which shed bacteria experienced no clinical disease. In general, fish mortality began on Day 3, peaked between Days 5–7 and was higher in the ARS‐Fp‐R line. Results from this study could be used to develop epidemiological models and improve disease management, particularly in the context of aquaculture and selective breeding.
Relationships Between Quality of Discharge Teaching, Readiness for Hospital Discharge, Self‐Efficacy and Self‐Management in Patients With First‐Episode Stroke: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Li Shuang , Chen Ran , Zhang Lihong , Li Hui , Gong Yiqiu , Hang Yanfeng , Cao Jie , Zhang Hong 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimsThe study investigated the influence of quality of discharge teaching (QDT) on readiness for hospital discharge (RHD) and pathways involved in patients with first‐episode stroke, aiming to provide a theoretical framework for enhancing RHD levels and reducing readmission rates.DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsA total of 372 inpatients completed the Quality of Discharge Teaching Scale, Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale, Chronic Disease Self‐efficacy Scale and Southampton Stroke Self‐Management Questionnaire. Structural equation modelling and Pearson's correlation analysis were utilised to elucidate relationships and action pathways among these variables.ResultsThe correlation analysis demonstrated significant positive pairwise correlations between QDT, RHD, self‐efficacy and self‐management (r = 0.376–0.678, p < 0.01). The final model exhibited a good fit with the following indices: χ2/df = 3.286, RMSEA = 0.078, SRMR = 0.0303, GFI = 0.984, AGFI = 0.926, CFI = 0.991 and TLI = 0.970. The impact of QDT on RHD in patients with first‐episode stroke was observed through one direct and three indirect pathways: (1) QDT exerted a direct influence on RHD (p < 0.001); (2) QDT indirectly influenced RHD via self‐efficacy (p < 0.001); (3) QDT indirectly affected RHD through self‐management (p < 0.001); and (4) QDT had an indirect effect on RHD via both self‐efficacy and self‐management (p < 0.05).ConclusionQDT was found to directly influence RHD in patients with first‐episode stroke and also exerted indirect effects through self‐efficacy and self‐management, either independently or in combination. Early screening of RHD levels in patients before discharge is recommended, along with the enhancement of QDT through the development of tailored guidance plans according to different disease stages, ultimately improving RHD levels and facilitating a safer transition from hospital to home or community.Relevance to Clinical PracticeHealthcare professionals should assess both QDT and RHD levels to provide targeted interventions. The establishment of transitional care teams and implementation of long‐term poststroke management are essential for reducing stroke recurrence and mortality rates.
Analysis of the Incidence and Factors Influencing Medication Administration Errors Among Nurses: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Li Bingyu , Yue Liqing , Peng Huan , Chen Xiuwen , Sohaib Muhammad , Peng Bin , Zhang Tiange , Zou Weizhen 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimsTo explore the incidence and factors influencing medication administration errors (MAEs) among nurses.BackgroundMedication administration is a global concern for patient safety. Few studies have assessed the incidence of MAEs or explored factors that considered the interplay between behaviour, the individual and the environment.MethodsThis retrospective study included 342 MAEs reported in the electronic nursing adverse event reporting system between January 2019 and September 2023 at a university‐affiliated teaching hospital in China. Data on nurses' demographics and medication administration were extracted from the nursing adverse event reports. The reports were classified according to the severity of patient harm. The causes of the 342 MAEs were retrospectively analysed using content analysis based on Bandura's social cognitive theory. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the proportion of medication errors and the distribution of subcategories.ResultsIn total, 74.3% of MAEs were adverse events owing to mistakes and resulted in no harm or only minor consequences for patients. Nurses aged 26–35 years and those with 6–10 years of experience were the most common groups experiencing MAEs. Factors influencing MAEs included personal (‘knowledge and skills’ and ‘physical state’), environmental (‘equipment and infrastructure,’ ‘work settings’ and ‘workload and workflow’) and behavioural (‘task performance’ and ‘supervision and communication’) factors. The study further highlighted the interrelationships among personal, behavioural and environmental factors.ConclusionMultiple factors influence MAEs among nurses. Nurse‐related MAEs and the relationship between behaviours, individual factors and the environment, as well as ways to reduce the occurrence of MAEs, should be considered in depth.Relevance to Clinical PracticeUnderstanding the factors influencing MAEs can inform training programs and improve the clinical judgement of healthcare professionals involved in medication administration, ultimately improving patient prognoses and reducing MAEs.Patient or Public ContributionThe findings can help develop clinical guidelines for preventing MAEs.
The Relationship Between Nurses' Digital Health Literacy and Their Educational Levels, Professional Roles, and Digital Attitudes: A Cluster Analysis Based on a Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Comparcini Dania , Simonetti Valentina , Tomietto Marco , Pastore Francesco , Totaro Melania , Ballerini Patrizia , Trerotoli Paolo , Mikkonen Kristina , Cicolini Giancarlo 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimThe current study aimed to identify digital health literacy levels among nurses with respect to their education, role and attitude towards digital technologies.DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsThrough convenience sampling, all Registered Nurses, managers/leaders and nurse researchers employed in Hospitals, University Hospitals and Districts were recruited and surveyed using an online questionnaire. The data collection tool assessed: (I) demographics, (II) Digital Health Literacy (DHL) with the Health Literacy Survey19 Digital (HLS19‐DIGI) instrument including DHL dealing with digital health information (HL‐DIGI), interaction with digital resources for health (HL‐DIGI‐INT) and use of digital devices for health (HL‐DIGI‐DD); (III) attitudes on the use of digital technologies in clinical practice. The multiple correspondence analysis was applied to identify three clusters for the education/professional role (A, B, C) and three for digital technologies' use (1, 2, 3). The one‐way nonparametric analysis of variance (Kruskal–Wallis test) was applied to compare HL‐DIGI, HL‐DIGI‐INT and the HL‐DIGI‐DD scores among clusters.ResultsAmong 551 participants, the median scores of the HL‐DIGI, the HL‐DIGI‐INT and the HL‐DIGI‐DD questionnaires were 70.2, 72 and 2.00, respectively. The distribution in the clusters ‘educational/professional role’ was A, (58.8%); B, (16.5%); and C, (24.7%). Nurses in a managerial or coordinator role and with a postgraduate degree used digital resources with greater frequency. The distribution in the clusters ‘use of digital technologies’ was: 1, (54.6%); 2, (12.2%); and 3, (33.2%). The HL‐DIGI‐DD and HL‐DIGI scores of clusters 1, 2 and 3 differed significantly.ConclusionDHL among nurses is strongly influenced by the education level, professional role, habits and attitude towards digital technologies. Nurses with coordinator roles used digital technologies with greater frequency and had a higher level of DHL.Reporting MethodThe Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines were used for reporting.Patient or Public ContributionNo Patient or Public Contribution.Trial Registration: Local Ethical Committee of the Polyclinic of Bari (code: DHL7454, date: 21/09/22)
Preventing Bleaching in Tropical Corals by Using Thermally Resilient Symbiont Zooxanthellae: All Hands‐On Deck!
Authors: Thatje Sven 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe current rapid climate warming is expected to cause an ocean temperature increase of 3°C–5°C by 2100, leading to deoxygenated and acidified tropical seas. Without mitigation measures, the total loss of tropical corals is inevitable. Already, one‐third of tropical reefs are considered permanently lost. Coral bleaching initiated by the loss of symbionts, the photosynthetic zooxanthellae, is the main process whereby corals respond to thermal stress, followed by recovery. However, increased thermal stress and frequency of bleaching have caused widespread coral recovery failure. Zooxantheallae of the genus Symbiodinium are considered the thermally vulnerable part of the coral symbiosis. In recent decades, warming has displaced genotypes of lower thermal resilience to subtropical latitudes; few genotypes of higher temperature tolerance remain abundant in tropical seas, but these will not withstand warming predictions either. Interestingly, high temperatures in the Red Sea have selected for exceptionally heat‐resistant coral genotypes and for the highest known thermal resilience in endemic zooxanthellae at the same time. Actions to overcome the coral bleaching crisis have been proposed by combining coral ecophysiology and mass culturing of thermally resilient Red Sea symbionts for naturalisation to the global tropical ocean, including restoration of collapsed reefs using corals with thermally resilient symbiont genotypes.
Predictive model for the risk of paediatric intensive care utilization in children with medical complexity: A longitudinal retrospective cohort study
Authors: Pérez‐Ardanaz Bibiana , Gutiérrez‐Rodríguez Laura , Gómez‐González Alberto José , Morales‐Asencio José Miguel , Montero‐García Antonio , León‐Campos Álvaro 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundChildren with medical complexity (CMC) are at increased risk of admission in intensive care. Despite improvements in mortality rates, there remains a burden of morbidity, long‐term health care needs and hospital readmissions. Beyond clinical factors, socio‐demographic determinants could impact utilization of acute services.AimTo identify risk factors that can differentiate CMC who are admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU).Study DesignA 6‐year longitudinal retrospective cohort study evaluated clinical, socio‐demographic and health care utilization.ResultsA total of 248 CMC were included, with a median age of 13 years (9.75–17.00). Intensive care admission rate was 47.2%. The risk of PICU admission was higher for children undergoing surgical interventions (HR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.34–1.86, p < .001) and those using medical devices (HR = 1.81, 95% CI 1.54–2.13, p < .001). Mother's higher educational level was a protective factor (HR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.55–0.79, p < .001). Multivariable analysis revealed significant associations between risk of admission and the presence of malignancy, comorbidities, home medical devices, surgical procedures and higher health care utilization. Children's age and higher maternal educational level acted as protective factors.ConclusionSocio‐demographic factors should be considered in the provision of care to CMC. Individualized assessments to guide supportive interventions adapted to socio‐economic factors may prevent PICU admissions.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThis study highlights the importance of integrating individualized assessments of socio‐demographic risk factors, such as maternal educational level, into the clinical practice of paediatric nurses. Moreover, targeted interventions, including educational resources and community support programmes, may optimize care.