bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Architectural partitioning and deployment modeling on hybrid clouds
Authors: Venkateswaran Sreekrishnan , Sarkar Santonu 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThe hybrid cloud idea is increasingly gaining momentum because it brings distinct advantages as a hosting platform for complex software systems. However, there are several challenges that need to be surmounted before hybrid hosting can become pervasive and penetrative. One main problem is to architecturally partition workloads across permutations of feasible cloud and non‐cloud deployment choices to yield the best‐fit hosting combination. Another is to predict the effort estimate to deliver such an advantageous hybrid deployment. In this paper, we describe a heuristic solution to address the said obstacles and converge on the ideal hybrid cloud deployment architecture, based on properties and characteristics of workloads that are sought to be hosted. We next propose a model to represent such a hybrid cloud deployment and demonstrate a method to estimate the effort required to implement and sustain that deployment. We also validate our model through dozens of case studies spanning several industry verticals and record results pertaining to how the industrial grouping of a software system can impact the aforementioned hybrid deployment model. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth and nitrogen distribution under elevated CO2 concentration and air temperature
Authors: Li Chunhua , Zhu Jian‐guo , Sha Lin‐nan , Zhang Ji‐shuang , Zeng Qing , Liu Gang 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration and temperature, singly and in combination, on grain yield and the distribution of nitrogen (N) in different rice organs. The rice ‘Wuyunjing 23’ was planted under four treatments: ambient CO2 and temperature (ACT), elevated CO2 (200 μmol mol−1 higher than ambient CO2) (EC), elevated temperature (1 °C above the ambient temperature) (ET), and the combination of elevated CO2 and temperature (ECT) under T‐FACE (temperature and CO2 free air controlled enrichment) system. CO2‐induced increment and temperature‐induced reduction in grain yield was 6.0 and 25.2% in 2013, and that was 9.8 and 10.8% in 2014, respectively. Dry matter (DM) production in different organs increased under EC at vegetative stage but decreased under ET at reproductive stage. The negative effects of temperature on grain yield and DM was weakened when combined with CO2 enrichment. And the trends of decrease for yield and DM under ET and ECT in 2013 were more obvious than those in 2014 due to the annual temperature differences. Furthermore, ET led to greater distribution of N in root and stem but not for panicle than that under ACT. These mainly demonstrated that the rice production would be suffered varying degree of loss under global warming in future although the CO2 enrichment could alleviate the effects of high temperature on rice growth.
Identification of Crepenynic Acid in the Seed Oil of Atractylodes lancea and A. macrocephala
Authors: Sun Jin‐Yue , Guo Xu , Smith Mark A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAtractylodes rhizome is widely used in traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Although the chemical composition of the root has been studied in detail, the oil content and fatty acid composition of the seeds of Atractylodes species have not been reported. Fatty acyl composition of seeds from Atractylodes lancea and A. macrocephala was determined by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry of fatty acid methyl esters and 3‐pyridylcarbinol esters. The predominant fatty acid in the seeds of both species was linolenic acid, but the unusual acetylenic fatty acid, crepenynic acid (cis‐9‐octadecen‐12‐ynoic acid), was also observed at levels of 18% in A. lancea and 13–15% in A. macrocephala. Fatty acid content was 24% for the samples of A. lancea and 16–17% for samples from A. macrocephala. sn‐1,3 regioselective lipase digestion of seed lipids revealed that crepenynic acid was absent from the sn‐2 position of the seed triacylglycerol. Crepenynic acid was also found in the seed oil of Jurinea mollis at 24% and was not present in the sn‐2 position of the TAG. A contrasting distribution of crepenynic acid was found in the oil of Crepis rubra, suggesting differences in crepenynic acid synthesis or TAG assembly between these species.
On the relationship between head circumference, brain size, prenatal long-chain PUFA/5-methyltetrahydrofolate supplementation and cognitive abilities during childhood
Authors: Catena Andrés , Martínez-Zaldívar Cristina , Diaz-Piedra Carolina , Torres-Espínola Francisco J. , Brandi Pilar , Pérez-García Miguel , Decsi Tamás , Koletzko Berthold , Campoy Cristina 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHead circumference in infants has been reported to predict brain size, total grey matter volume (GMV) and neurocognitive development. However, it is unknown whether it has predictive value on regional and subcortical brain volumes. We aimed to explore the relationship between several head circumference measurements since birth and distributions of GMV and subcortical volumes at later childhood. We examined seventy-four, Caucasian, singleton, term-born infants born to mothers randomised to receive fish oil and/or 5-methyltetrahydrofolate or placebo prenatal supplementation. We assessed head circumference at birth and at 4 and 10 years of age and cognitive abilities at 7 years of age. We obtained brain MRI at 10 years of age, on which we performed voxel-based morphometry, cortical surface extraction and subcortical segmentation. Analyses were controlled for sex, age, height, weight, family status, laterality and total intracranial volume. Prenatal supplementation did not affect head circumference at any age, cognitive abilities or total brain volumes. Head circumference at 4 years presented the highest correlation with total GMV, white matter volume and brain surface area, and was also strongly associated with GMV of frontal, temporal and occipital areas, as well as with caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, putamen and thalamus volumes. As relationships between brain volumes in childhood and several outcomes extend into adulthood, we have found that ages between 0 and 4 years as the optimal time for brain growth; postnatal factors might have the most relevant impact on structural maturation of certain cortical areas and subcortical nuclei, independent of prenatal supplementation.
Producing and perceiving the Canadian Vowel Shift: Evidence from a Montreal community
Authors: Kettig Thomas , Winter Bodo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis paper investigates interspeaker variation in the mid and low short vowels of Jewish Montreal English, analyzing the Canadian Shift in both production and perception. In production, we find that young women are leading in the retraction of /æ/ and the lowering and retraction of /ε/. We furthermore find that across speakers, the retraction of /æ/ is correlated with the lowering and retraction of /ε/, providing quantitative evidence that the movements of these two vowels are linked. The trajectory implied by our production data differs from what was reported in Montreal approximately one generation earlier. In contrast to reliable age differences in production, a vowel categorization task shows widespread intergenerational agreement in perception, highlighting a mismatch: in this speech community, there is evidently more systematic variation in production than in perception. We suggest that this is because all individuals are exposed to both innovative and conservative variants and must perceptually accommodate accordingly.
Bioprospecting for fertility restoration genes in wild relatives and land races of rice from different geographic regions
Authors: Dash Amit Kumar , Samal Rashmita , Gundimeda Jwala Narasimha Rao , Subudhi Hata Nath , Ravi Nageswara Rao 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHybrid rice development, a major advance in rice breeding, has demonstrated its immense potential in enhancing the rice productivity. In the three line system of hybrid rice, the restoration of fertility of the widely used wild-abortive type of cytoplasmic male sterility is controlled by Rf3 and Rf4, two fertility restoration genes. Exploration for restorers in diverse genetic backgrounds is a critical step in hybrid rice breeding. As genetic resources constitute the major source of new genes/alleles, an attempt was made to assess the distribution of these two restorer genes in the native populations collected from the geographic regions known to be the primary and secondary centres of origin of rice. In addition, assays were performed on the populations of Oryza rufipogon and Oryza nivara, the wild progenitors of rice. The results suggest that the Rf genes are well distributed in the wild forms at a higher frequency, more in O. rufipogon, while in cultivated forms, their frequency is low, particularly for the Rf3 gene. The genes and the alleles identified in the genetically divergent, low-performing land races and wild relatives can be successfully employed for the development of new hybrid rice cultivars.
An Institutional Perspective on Religious Freedom and Economic Growth
Authors: Alon Ilan , Li Shaomin , Wu Jun 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe increase in religion-related conflicts around the world emphasizes the urgent need for a better understanding of the role of religion and religious freedom on socio-economic development, both theoretically and empirically. While studies on the role of religion on economic development have existed as early as Weber (1905), there is a dearth of studies on the effect of religious freedom on economic growth, and the existing studies overlook possible negative impacts on economies by unrestricted religious freedom. Drawing on institutional theory, we propose that different types of religious restrictions can exert either positive or negative effects on economic growth. We test our propositions using a comprehensive dataset on religious freedom covering 198 countries for seven years from 2007 to 2013.
Integrated analysis of gene expression and copy number identified potential cancer driver genes with amplification-dependent overexpression in 1,454 solid tumors
Authors: Ohshima Keiichi , Hatakeyama Keiichi , Nagashima Takeshi , Watanabe Yuko , Kanto Kaori , Doi Yuki , Ide Tomomi , Shimoda Yuji , Tanabe Tomoe , Ohnami Sumiko , Ohnami Shumpei , Serizawa Masakuni , Maruyama Koji , Akiyama Yasuto , Urakami Kenichi , Kusuhara Masatoshi , Mochizuki Tohru , Yamaguchi Ken 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIdentification of driver genes contributes to the understanding of cancer etiology and is imperative for the development of individualized therapies. Gene amplification is a major event in oncogenesis. Driver genes with tumor-specific amplification-dependent overexpression can be therapeutic targets. In this study, we aimed to identify amplification-dependent driver genes in 1,454 solid tumors, across more than 15 cancer types, by integrative analysis of gene expression and copy number. Amplification-dependent overexpression of 64 known driver oncogenes were found in 587 tumors (40%); genes frequently observed were MYC (25%) and MET (18%) in colorectal cancer; SKP2 (21%) in lung squamous cell carcinoma; HIST1H3B (19%) and MYCN (13%) in liver cancer; KIT (57%) in gastrointestinal stromal tumors; and FOXL2 (12%) in squamous cell carcinoma across tissues. Genomic aberrations in 138 known cancer driver genes and 491 established fusion genes were found in 1,127 tumors (78%). Further analyses of 820 cancer-related genes revealed 16 as potential driver genes, with amplification-dependent overexpression restricted to the remaining 22% of samples (327 tumors) initially undetermined genetic drivers. Among them, AXL, which encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase, was recurrently overexpressed and amplified in sarcomas. Our studies of amplification-dependent overexpression identified potential drug targets in individual tumors.
Markov modeling reveals novel intracellular modulation of the human TREK-2 selectivity filter
Authors: Harrigan Matthew P. , McKiernan Keri A. , Shanmugasundaram Veerabahu , Denny Rajiah Aldrin , Pande Vijay S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTwo-pore domain potassium (K2P) channel ion conductance is regulated by diverse stimuli that directly or indirectly gate the channel selectivity filter (SF). Recent crystal structures for the TREK-2 member of the K2P family reveal distinct “up” and “down” states assumed during activation via mechanical stretch. We performed 195 μs of all-atom, unbiased molecular dynamics simulations of the TREK-2 channel to probe how membrane stretch regulates the SF gate. Markov modeling reveals a novel “pinched” SF configuration that stretch activation rapidly destabilizes. Free-energy barrier heights calculated for critical steps in the conduction pathway indicate that this pinched state impairs ion conduction. Our simulations predict that this low-conductance state is accessed exclusively in the compressed, “down” conformation in which the intracellular helix arrangement allosterically pinches the SF. By explicitly relating structure to function, we contribute a critical piece of understanding to the evolving K2P puzzle.
Dating stalagmites in mediterranean climates using annual trace element cycles
Authors: Nagra Gurinder , Treble Pauline C. , Andersen Martin S. , Bajo Petra , Hellstrom John , Baker Andy 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSpeleothems may preserve geochemical information at annual resolution, preserving information about past hydrology, environment and climate. In this study, we advance information-extraction from speleothems in two ways. First, the limitations in dating modern stalagmites are overcome by refining a dating method that uses annual trace element cycles. It is shown that high-frequency variations in elements affected by prior calcite precipitation (PCP) can be used to date speleothems and yield an age within 2–4% chronological uncertainty of the actual age of the stalagmite. This is of particular relevance to mediterranean regions that display strong seasonal controls on PCP, due to seasonal variability in water availability and cave-air pCO2. Second, using the chronology for one stalagmite sample, trace elements and growth-rate are compared with a record of climate and local environmental change i.e. land-use and fire, over the 20th century. Well-defined peaks in soil-derived trace elements and simultaneous decreases in growth-rate coincide with extreme annual rainfall totals in 1934 and 1974. One of which, 1934, was due to a recorded cyclone. We also find that bedrock-derived elements that are dominated by PCP processes, reflect a well-known period of drying in southwest Australia which began in the 1970’s.
Synergistic interaction of Re complex and amine functionalized multiple ligands in metal-organic frameworks for conversion of carbon dioxide
Authors: Ryu Un Jin , Kim Sang Jun , Lim Hyung-Kyu , Kim Hyungjun , Choi Kyung Min , Kang Jeung Ku 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA metal-organic framework (MOF) is composed of secondary building units (SBUs) of metal ions and organic ligands to link each SBU. Moreover, the photosynthetic synthesis of a valuable CO chemical from carbon dioxide (CO2) represents an important class of appealing methods. Herein, we find that a molecular photocatalyst with high selectivity and activity can be designed via a fine balance in the proximity of Re complex (ReI(CO)3(BPYDC)(Cl), BPYDC = 2,2′-bipyridine-5,5′-dicarboxylate) and -NH2 functionalized multiple ligands composing a MOF photocatalyst, denoted as Re-MOF-NH2. These ligands in Re-MOF-NH2 has been confirmed by infrared, UV-visible, and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. Moreover, we show from extended X-ray absorption fine structure and in-situ infrared spectra that the bond corresponding to Re-CO upon introduction of -NH2 functional groups is divided into asymmetric bonds of 1.4 Å and 2.3 Å along with different CO2 vibrations, thus making the configuration of carbonyl groups in a Re metal complex become asymmetric in addition to aiding formation of CO2 intermediates within Re-MOF-NH2. Indeed, both of the uneven electron distribution in asymmetric carbonyl groups for Re-CO and the intermolecular stabilization of carbamate intermediates are proven to give the approximately 3-fold increase in photocatalytic activity for conversion of CO2 into CO.
Consumption of vegetables and fruits and breast cancer survival: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: He Juanjuan , Gu Yuanting , Zhang Shaojin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe aimed to conduct a meta-analysis investigating the association between consumption of vegetables and fruits and breast cancer survival. A comprehensive search of the PubMed and EMBASE was performed from the inception to September 30, 2016. The summary hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a random effects model. Ten studies, with a total of 31,210 breast cancer cases, were included in the meta-analysis. The summary HRs (95% CIs) of overall survival (highest vs. lowest) were 1.08 (0.88–1.33; I2 = 41.1%) for pre-diagnostic intake of vegetables and fruits combined, 0.96 (0.71–1.30; I2 = 48.4%) for vegetables alone, and 0.83 (0.67–1.02; I2 = 0) for fruit alone. No significant risk associations of overall survival were found for post-diagnostic intake of vegetables and fruits. Line dose-response analyses indicated the likely results for both pre- and post- diagnostic dietary intake. No significant association was found between intake of vegetables and fruits and breast cancer-specific mortality. In addition, intake of cruciferous vegetables was not associated with death from breast cancer. Our findings indicated a borderline inverse association between pre-diagnostic intake of fruit and overall survival of breast cancer, whereas intake of vegetables was not associated with survival.
Supersonically Spray-Coated Colloidal Quantum Dot Ink Solar Cells
Authors: Choi Hyekyoung , Lee Jong-Gun , Mai Xuan Dung , Beard Matthew C. , Yoon Sam S. , Jeong Sohee 
Published: March 2017

AbstractControlling the thickness of quantum dot (QD) films is difficult using existing film formation techniques, which employ pre-ligand-exchanged PbS QD inks, because of several issues: 1) poor colloidal stability, 2) use of high-boiling-point solvents for QD dispersion, and 3) limitations associated with one-step deposition. Herein, we suggest a new protocol for QD film deposition using electrical double-layered PbS QD inks, prepared by solution-phase ligand exchange using methyl ammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3). The films are deposited by the supersonic spraying technique, which facilitates the rapid evaporation of the solvent and the subsequent deposition of the PbS QD ink without requiring a post-deposition annealing treatment for solvent removal. The film thickness could be readily controlled by varying the number of spraying sweeps made across the substrate. This spray deposition process yields high-quality n-type QD films quickly (within 1 min) while minimizing the amount of the PbS QD ink used to less than 5 mg for one device (300-nm-thick absorbing layer, 2.5 × 2.5 cm2). Further, the formation of an additional p-layer by treatment with mercaptopropionic acid allows for facile hole extraction from the QD films, resulting in a power conversion efficiency of 3.7% under 1.5 AM illumination.
Messenger RNAs localized to distal projections of human stem cell derived neurons
Authors: Bigler Rebecca L. , Kamande Joyce W. , Dumitru Raluca , Niedringhaus Mark , Taylor Anne Marion 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe identification of mRNAs in distal projections of model organisms has led to the discovery of multiple proteins that are locally synthesized for functional roles such as axon guidance, injury signaling and regeneration. The extent to which local protein synthesis is conserved in human neurons is unknown. Here we used compartmentalized microfluidic chambers to characterize the transcriptome of distal projections of human embryonic stem cells differentiated using a protocol which enriched for glutamatergic neurons (hESC-neurons). Using gene expression analysis, we identified mRNAs proportionally enriched in these projections, representing a functionally unique local transcriptome as compared to the human neuronal transcriptome inclusive of somata. Further, we found that the most abundant mRNAs within these hESC-neuron projections were functionally similar to the axonal transcriptome of rat cortical neurons. We confirmed the presence of two well characterized axonal mRNAs in model organisms, β-actin and GAP43, within hESC-neuron projections using multiplexed single molecule RNA-FISH. Additionally, we report the novel finding that oxytocin mRNA localized to these human projections and confirmed its localization using RNA-FISH. This new evaluation of mRNA within human projections provides an important resource for studying local mRNA translation and has the potential to reveal both conserved and unique translation dependent mechanisms.
Overexpression of GSN could decrease inflammation and apoptosis in EAE and may enhance vitamin D therapy on EAE/MS
Authors: Gao Jifang , Qin Zhaoyu , Guan Xinyuan , Guo Juanjuan , Wang Huaqing , Liu Shilian 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe decrease of gelsolin (GSN) in the blood has been reported in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) animals, but the protective effect of GSN on EAE/MS lacks of evidence. In our study, we increased the GSN level in EAE by injecting GSN-overexpress lentivirus (LV-GSN) into the lateral ventricle and caudal vein and found that GSN administration can delay the onset and decrease the severity of EAE. Vitamin D is proven to have a therapeutic effect on MS/EAE; however, we previously found that vitamin D caused a downregulation of GSN, which might limit vitamin D efficacy. In our current research, we obtained a better symptom and a slowing down progression in EAE after combining vitamin D treatment with a proper increase of GSN. Furthermore, we discovered that the mediation of vitamin D on GSN might occur through the vitamin D receptor (VDR) by using gene interruption and overexpression to regulate the level of VDR in PC12 cells (a rat sympathetic nerve cell line). We also confirmed the anti-apoptotic function of GSN by GSN RNA interference in PC12. Collectively, these results support the therapeutic effect of GSN in EAE, which might enhance Vitamin D therapy in EAE/MS.
A new family of extraterrestrial amino acids in the Murchison meteorite
Authors: Koga Toshiki , Naraoka Hiroshi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe occurrence of extraterrestrial organic compounds is a key for understanding prebiotic organic synthesis in the universe. In particular, amino acids have been studied in carbonaceous meteorites for almost 50 years. Here we report ten new amino acids identified in the Murchison meteorite, including a new family of nine hydroxy amino acids. The discovery of mostly C3 and C4 structural isomers of hydroxy amino acids provides insight into the mechanisms of extraterrestrial synthesis of organic compounds. A complementary experiment suggests that these compounds could be produced from aldehydes and ammonia on the meteorite parent body. This study indicates that the meteoritic amino acids could be synthesized by mechanisms in addition to the Strecker reaction, which has been proposed to be the main synthetic pathway to produce amino acids.