bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of Fermentation and Processing Procedures for the Commercial-Scale Production of a Live, Attenuated Edwardsiella ictaluri Vaccine for Use in Channel Catfish Aquaculture
Authors: Greenway Terrence E. , Byars Todd S. , Elliot Robert B. , Jin Xixuan , Griffin Matt J. , Wise David J. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Mortality associated with Edwardsiella ictaluri infection is a serious impediment to the commercial production of fingerling Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus. A patented, live, attenuated, orally delivered vaccine has been developed that offers exceptional protection against E. ictaluri infection in both laboratory and small-scale pond trials. Further vaccine development is contingent on the successful completion of large-scale field trials that accurately reflect industry conditions. This current work focuses on the validation of fermentation protocols and the optimization of downstream processing procedures to produce sufficient quantities of vaccine to conduct commercial-scale field trials. Eight vaccine serials were produced from a master seed stock (S97-773-340X2) in a 50-L floor model fermenter over two consecutive years. Following fermentation, cells were harvested, concentrated 10-fold, and cryogenically stored (−74°C). To assess processing protocols and determine shelf life of cryogenically stored vaccine, serials were tested for cell viability and vaccine potency at various intervals over 24 months. There were no significant differences in cell viability between the fresh vaccine and the stored frozen product. All serials provided a high level of protection (77–100% relative percent survival) against E. ictaluri infection in juvenile Channel Catfish and exhibited excellent poststorage viability. This data demonstrates that the live, attenuated, orally delivered vaccine can be stored at −74°C for at least 2 years with no reduction in cell viability or vaccine potency.
Received May 17, 2016; accepted January 19, 2017 Published online April 4, 2017
Forecasting the Quarterly Production of Rice and Corn in the Philippines: A Time Series Analysis
Authors: Urrutia Jackie D. , Diaz John Lean B. , Mingo Francis Leo T. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Rice and corn are crops that are produced on most of the agricultural areas in the Philippine geographic territory. Gathered from the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA), the quarterly volume of total production of the mentioned crops will be predicted using Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) Modelling through a Box-Jerkins method of forecasting. Investigators aims to forecast rice production and Corn production actual observed in the next 5 years of data, particularly in years mentioned. Obtaining models through SARIMA method, for rice production is SARIMA (2 1 8) (1 1 0)4 and for Corn production would be SARIMA (3 1 8) (0 1 1)4. Results suggest that two models have satisfactorily fitted their specified series and diagnostic checking for models’ accuracy. The dynamically forecasted values of both series were following the trend pattern of the past values of their allotted observed values which were going on an upward direction indicating favourable outcome for the study. This may help people for better understanding the possible changes in values of the data series gathered and may even help the government for any reforms they can make for the upward mobility of production of crops, in agriculture and especially, economy of the country.
The Synthesis and Characterization of Ag/Ag2O/TiO2/NGP Composites as Adsorbents and Photocatalysts for Wastewater Removal
Authors: Taufik A. , Prakoso S.P. , Saleh R. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
An Ag/Ag2O/TiO2/NGP with different nanographene platelets (NGP) weight percents was synthesized using the hydrothermal method. The NGP weight percent was 5, 10, and 15 weight percent, respectively. The structural properties of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction. The optical properties of the samples were investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy and their thermal properties were investigated by Thermo Gravimetric Analysis and Differential Thermal Analysis. The existence of a cubic structure from Ag and Ag2O, an anatase from TiO2, and a graphitic like structure from NGP indicated that the samples were successfully formed. The maximum light absorption at 435 nm indicated the existence of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) from silver nanoparticles. The phase transformation of Ag2O to Ag occurred at 435 °C. Adsorption and the photocatalytic performance were investigated in the degradation of methylene blue from the aqueous solution. The adsorption ability of Ag/Ag2O/TiO2/NGP composites increased by increasing the NGP weight percent. The adsorption process of MB followed pseudo-second-order kinetic reactions. The photocatalytic activity of Ag/Ag2O/TiO2/NGP showed that Ag/Ag2O/TiO2/NGP with a 10 weight percent NGP exhibited the highest photocatalytic performance, with a removal ability of approximately 96 percent.
Interarm Difference in Systolic Blood Pressure in Different Ethnic Groups and Relationship to the “White Coat Effect”: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Schwartz Claire Lorraine , Clark Christopher , Koshiaris Constantinos , Gill Paramjit S , Greenfield Shelia M , Haque Sayeed M , Heer Gurdip , Johal Amanpreet , Kaur Ramandeep , Mant Jonathan , Martin Una , Mohammed Mohamed A , Wood Sally , McManus Richard J 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Interarm differences (IADs) ≥10 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure (BP) are associated with greater incidence of cardiovascular disease. The effect of ethnicity and the white coat effect (WCE) on significant systolic IADs (ssIADs) are not well understood.

METHODS
Differences in BP by ethnicity for different methods of BP measurement were examined in 770 people (300 White British, 241 South Asian, 229 African-Caribbean). Repeated clinic measurements were obtained simultaneously in the right and left arm using 2 BPTru monitors and comparisons made between the first reading, mean of second and third and mean of second to sixth readings for patients with, and without known hypertension. All patients had ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM). WCE was defined as systolic clinic BP ≥10 mm Hg higher than daytime ABPM.

RESULTS
No significant differences were seen in the prevalence of ssIAD between ethnicities whichever combinations of BP measurement were used and regardless of hypertensive status. ssIADs fell between the 1st measurement (161, 22%), 2nd/3rd (113, 16%), and 2nd–6th (78, 11%) (1st vs. 2nd/3rd and 2nd–6th, P &lt; 0.001). Hypertensives with a WCE were more likely to have ssIADs on 1st, (odds ratio [OR] 1.73 (95% confidence interval 1.04–2.86); 2nd/3rd, (OR 3.05 (1.68–5.53); and 2nd–6th measurements, (OR 2.58 (1.22–5.44). Nonhypertensive participants with a WCE were more likely to have a ssIAD on their first measurement (OR 3.82 (1.77 to −8.25) only.

CONCLUSIONS
ssIAD prevalence does not vary with ethnicity regardless of hypertensive status but is affected by the number of readings, suggesting the influence of WCE. Multiple readings should be used to confirm ssIADs.
Genetic Influence on the Sulcal Pits: On the Origin of the First Cortical Folds
Authors: Le Guen Yann , Auzias Guillaume , Leroy François , Noulhiane Marion , Dehaene-Lambertz Ghislaine , Duchesnay Edouard , Mangin Jean-François , Coulon Olivier , Frouin Vincent 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The influence of genes on cortical structures has been assessed through various phenotypes. The sulcal pits, which are the putative first cortical folds, have for long been assumed to be under tight genetic control, but this was never quantified. We estimated the pit depth heritability in various brain regions using the high quality and large sample size of the Human Connectome Project pedigree cohort. Analysis of additive genetic variance indicated that their heritability ranges between 0.2 and 0.5 and displays a regional genetic control with an overall symmetric pattern between hemispheres. However, a noticeable asymmetry of heritability estimates is observed in the superior temporal sulcus and could thus be related to language lateralization. The heritability range estimated in this study reinforces the idea that cortical shape is determined primarily by nongenetic factors, which is consistent with the important increase of cortical folding from birth to adult life and thus predominantly constrained by environmental factors. Nevertheless, the genetic cues, implicated with various local levels of heritability in the formation of sulcal pits, play a fundamental role in the normal gyral pattern development. Quantifying their influence and identifying the underlying genetic variants would provide insight into neurodevelopmental disorders.
Prediction of adverse events after catheter-based procedures in adolescents and adults with congenital heart disease in the IMPACT registry
Authors: Stefanescu Schmidt Ada C. , Armstrong Aimee , Kennedy Kevin F. , Nykanen David , Aboulhosn Jamil , Bhatt Ami B. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Aims
We sought to identify factors associated with major adverse events (MAE) after cardiac catheterization in adolescents and adults with congenital heart disease (CHD), and create the first model to individualize risk discussions in this growing population.

Methods and results
Improving Pediatric and Adult Congenital Treatment (IMPACT), a National Cardiovascular Data Registry, contains congenital catheterization data from over 87 hospitals in the United States. Demographics, pre-procedure, and procedural variables were collected for patients over age 10. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify significant predictors of MAE, a composite of death, urgent surgery or procedure due to a catheterization complication, transfusion, embolic stroke, tamponade, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or ventricular assist device placement, and device embolization, malposition or thrombosis requiring surgical intervention. A risk score was built based on the effect sizes of each predictor and validated in a split sample. A MAE occurred in 686 (2.5%) of the 27 293 index procedures meeting inclusion criteria. The independent multivariate predictors of MAE were older age, pre-procedural anticoagulation use, renal disease, lower haemoglobin, lower oxygen saturation, non-elective procedure, higher index procedure risk and having had no prior cardiac procedures. Being underweight or overweight had borderline significance and was added to the model. The C-statistic for the model was robust at 0.787 in the derivation and 0.773 in the validation cohort.

Conclusion
The factors predicting adverse events after cardiac catheterization in adolescents and adults with CHD are different than in the general population. Validation of this model in other national or multi-institutional datasets is the next step.
Realistic dosimetry for studies on biological responses to X-rays and γ-rays
Authors: Shahmohammadi Beni Mehrdad , Krstic Dragana , Nikezic Dragoslav , Yu Kwan Ngok 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
A calibration coefficient R (= DA/DE) for photons was employed to characterize the photon dose in radiobiological experiments, where DA was the actual dose delivered to cells and DE was the dose recorded by an ionization chamber. R was determined using the Monte Carlo N-Particle version 5 (MCNP-5) code. Photons with (i) discrete energies, and (ii) continuous-energy distributions under different beam conditioning were considered. The four studied monoenergetic photons had energies E = 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 2 MeV. Photons with E = 0.01 MeV gave R values significantly different from unity, while those with E &gt; 0.1 MeV gave R ≈ 1. Moreover, R decreased monotonically with increasing thickness of water medium above the cells for E = 0.01, 1 or 2 MeV due to energy loss of photons in the medium. For E = 0.1 MeV, the monotonic pattern no longer existed due to the dose delivered to the cells by electrons created through the photoelectric effect close to the medium–cell boundary. The continuous-energy distributions from the X-Rad 320 Biological Irradiator (voltage = 150 kV) were also studied under three different beam conditions: (a) F0: no filter used, (b) F1: using a 2 mm-thick Al filter, and (c) F2: using a filter made of (1.5 mm Al + 0.25 mm Cu + 0.75 mm Sn), giving mean output photon energies of 47.4, 57.3 and 102 keV, respectively. R varied from ~1.04 to ~1.28 for F0, from ~1.13 to ~1.21 for F1, and was very close to unity for F2.
How Physically Active Are People Following Stroke? Systematic Review and Quantitative Synthesis
Authors: Fini Natalie A. , Holland Anne E. , Keating Jenny , Simek Jacinta , Bernhardt Julie 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Background. Mobility limitations are common following stroke and frequently lead to poor participation in physical activity (PA).
Purpose. The purpose of this study was to describe PA across the various stages following stroke (acute, subacute, and chronic).
Data Sources. Searches were conducted in 5 databases.
Study Selection. Eligible studies included participants with stroke whose PA was quantitatively measured for at least 4 hours in a single session. Two reviewers independently reviewed titles and abstracts.
Data Extraction. One reviewer extracted data and assessed quality using the Downs and Black checklist. Weighted means were calculated for PA outcomes.
Data Synthesis. Searches yielded 103 eligible papers including 5306 participants aged 21 to 96 years. Devices (eg, activity monitors) were used in 73 papers, and behavioral mapping (observational monitoring) in 30. Devices show that people with stroke took on average 5535 steps per day (n = 406, 10 studies) in the subacute phase and 4078 steps (n = 1280, 32 studies) in the chronic phase. Average daily walking duration (% measured time) was higher in the chronic phase (9.0%, n = 100) than subacute (1.8%, n = 172), and sedentary time was &gt;78% regardless of time post stroke. Acute data were lacking for these variables. Matched healthy individuals took an average of 8338 steps per day (n = 129). Behavioral mapping showed time in bed was higher in the acute than subacute phase (mean 45.1% versus 23.8%), with similar time spent sitting (mean 37.6% versus 32.6%).
Limitations. Limitations of this review include not pooling data reported as medians.
Conclusions. Physical activity levels do not meet guidelines following stroke. Time spent inactive and sedentary is high at all times. Increasing PA and developing standardized activity targets may be important across all stages of stroke recovery.
Simulation Fellowship Programs: An International Survey of Program Directors
Authors: Natal Brenda , Szyld Demian , Pasichow Scott , Bismilla Zia , Pirie Jonathan , Cheng Adam 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
To report on the evolution of simulation-based training (SBT) by identifying the composition and infrastructure of existing simulation fellowship programs, describing the current training practices, disclosing existing program barriers, and highlighting opportunities for standardization.

Method
Investigators conducted a cross-sectional survey study among English-speaking simulation fellowship program directors (September 2014–September 2015). They identified fellowships through academic/institutional Web sites, peer-reviewed literature, Web-based search engines, and snowball sampling. They invited programs to participate in the Web-based questionnaire via e-mail and follow-up telephone calls.

Results
Forty-nine programs met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 32 (65%) responded to the survey. Most programs were based in the United States, but others were from Canada, England, and Australia. Over half of the programs started in or after 2010. Across all 32 programs, 186 fellows had graduated since 1998. Fellows and directors were primarily departmentally funded; programs were primarily affiliated with hospitals and/or medical schools, many of which had sponsoring centers accredited by governing bodies. Fellows were typically medical trainees; directors were typically physicians. The majority of programs (over 90%) covered four core objectives, and all endorsed similar educational outcomes. Respondents identified no significant universal barriers to program success. Most directors (18/28 [64%]) advocated standardized fellowship guidelines on a national level.

Conclusions
Paralleling the fast growth and integration of SBT, fellowship training opportunities have grown rapidly in the United States, Canada, and beyond. This study highlights potential areas for standardization and accreditation of simulation fellowships which would allow measurable competencies in graduates.
Institutional Substance Use Disorder Intervention Improves General Internist Preparedness, Attitudes, and Clinical Practice
Authors: Wakeman Sarah E. , Kanter Genevieve Pham , Donelan Karen 
Published: April 2017

Objective:
To assess the impact of hospital substance use disorder (SUD) initiative, which, beginning in October 2014, implemented an inpatient addiction consult team, a postdischarge addiction clinic, recovery coaches, and SUD treatment within primary care on general internists’ attitudes, clinical practice, and preparedness to care for SUD.

Methods:
Pre and postintervention survey of general internal medicine physicians at Massachusetts General Hospital, in Boston, Massachusetts, in September 2014 (n = 290) and 2015 (n = 296) was conducted.

Results:
There were 149 respondents for the pre and 143 respondents for the post survey. There were no significant differences between groups. In the follow-up group, 66% of physicians had a patient receive care from the initiative. These physicians were significantly more likely to have favorable attitudes towards SUD; 44% report caring for patients with SUD is as satisfying as other clinical activities versus 9% of physicians without experience with the initiative. These physicians were significantly more likely to feel very prepared to screen for SUD (27% vs 9%), diagnose SUD (23% vs 9%), deliver a brief intervention (16% vs 5%), refer to treatment (36% vs 14%), discuss medication treatments (22% vs 5%), discuss overdose prevention and naloxone (33% vs 5%), and discuss harm reduction (22% vs 7%). They were also significantly more likely to frequently prescribe naloxone (11% vs 0%), prescribe addiction pharmacotherapy (15% vs 2%), and provide addiction treatment themselves (18% vs 5%).

Conclusion:
General internists’ attitudes, preparedness, and clinical practice related to SUD significantly improved after having a patient receive care from new clinical services implemented through a hospital-wide SUD initiative.
Effects of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms on Surgical and Postsurgical Opioid Requirements
Authors: Choi Siu-Wai , Lam David M.H. , Wong Stanley S.C. , Shiu Haydn H.C. , Wang Amy X.M. , Cheung Chi-Wai 
Published: April 2017

Objectives:
There is great heterogeneity in the way individuals respond to medications. Inherited differences, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), can influence the efficacy and toxicity of drugs. This meta-analysis aims to collate data from studies investigating the effect of SNPs on postoperative and/or intraoperative opioid requirements.

Materials and Methods:
A meta-analysis was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Eligibility criteria for studies included were reporting amount of postoperative and/or intraoperative opioid used as the primary outcome and genotyping patients for SNPs in one of the following genes; OPRM1, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, COMT, UGT2B7, or ABCB1. A comprehensive systematic search for articles using keywords “opioid-sensitivity,” “polymorphisms,” “post-operative opioid,” “post-surgical opioid,” “post-operative pain,” and “post-surgical pain” was performed.

Results:
Fifty-one studies were included. Individuals homozygous for AA at the OPRMI (rs1799971) polymorphisms required less postsurgical opioid compared with those homozygous for GG (Hedges g, −0.270; 95% confidence interval, −0.433 to −0.108; P=0.001). Polymorphisms in CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, COMT, UGT2B7, and ABCB1 did not affect opioid requirements.

Discussion:
Investigation of single changes in 1 gene can only yield limited information regarding genetic effects on opioid requirements. Rapid development of whole genome sequencing enables information on all genetic modifications that may affect analgesic response to be collected. The information collected must include data on the individual’s metabolic enzymes, as well as information on drug receptors and enzymes responsible for drug degradation, so that a personal profile can be built up which will predict individual response to drugs, and guide clinicians on the type and dosage of drug to use.
Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis Who Score Highly on the PainDETECT Questionnaire Present With Multimodality Hyperalgesia, Increased Pain, and Impaired Physical Function
Authors: Moss Penny , Benson Heather A.E. , Will Rob , Wright Anthony 
Published: April 2017

Objectives:
PainDETECT is a self-report questionnaire that can be used to identify features of neuropathic pain. A proportion of patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) score highly on the PainDETECT questionnaire. This study aimed to determine whether those with a higher “positive neuropathic” score on the PainDETECT questionnaire also had greater pain, hypersensitivity, and reduced function compared with individuals with knee OA with lower PainDETECT scores.

Materials and Methods:
In total, 130 participants with knee OA completed the PainDETECT, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), and Pain Quality Assessment Scale questionnaires. Quantitative sensory testing was carried out at 3 sites (both knees and elbow) using standard methods. Cold and heat pain thresholds were tested using a Peltier thermode and pressure pain thresholds using a digital algometer. Physical function was assessed using 3 timed locomotor function tests.

Results:
In total, 22.3% of participants scored in the “positive neuropathic” category with a further 35.4% in the unclear category. Participants in the “positive neuropathic” category reported higher levels of pain and more impaired function based on the WOMAC questionnaire (P<0.0001). They also exhibited increased levels of hyperalgesia at the knee and upper limb sites for all stimulation modalities except heat pain thresholds at the OA knee. They were also slower to complete 2 of the locomotion tasks.

Discussion:
This study identified a specific subgroup of people with knee OA who exhibited PainDETECT scores in the “positive neuropathic” category. These individuals experienced increased levels of pain, widespread, multimodality hyperalgesia, and greater functional impairment than the remaining cohort. Identification of OA patients with this pain phenotype may permit more targeted and effective pain management.