bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transumbilical Retroglandular Breast Augmentation, a Review of 158 Cases and a Comparison with Traditional Approaches
Authors: Wittenberg Joerg M. , Leventhal Marc 
Published: January 2017

Introduction: The transumbilical (TU) approach for breast augmentation is performed with endoscopical assistance and leaves no visible scar on the breast. The recovery time should be shortened and the complication rate should be decreased compared with those of the standard periareolar (PA) or of the inframammary (IM) approach. This study was undertaken to compare the results of these three surgical procedures. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study of 214 patients evaluated 158 patients with the TU approach, 27 patients with the PA approach, and 29 patients with the IM approach. Group I patients are those who had surgery in the first 9 months and Group II patients are those who had surgery in the second 9 months. Statistical data were tabulated for surgery and anesthesia time, blood loss, implant size, patient age, and follow-up time. Complications were reported and compared for the different surgeries. Results: There was no significant difference in the age of the patients in these three groups. Surgery time was longest for the PA approach and was not significantly different between the TU and IM approaches. The implant sizes were comparable between the three groups. Less hematoma formation, fewer infections, less sensory dysfunction and postoperative pain and swelling were seen in the TU patients. Also, the complications in the Group II-TU patients was less when compared with patients in Group I-TU. Some problems, like healing of the umbilical incision, disconnection of the filling tube, and irritation of the abdominal tissues, are specific to the TU approach. Discussion: The results of this study showed a similar or smaller number of problems with the TU approach if the patient selection is correct. With increasing operator experience, a significant decrease in complications was seen. The TU approach is a good alternative and a valid procedure for the right patient.
Use of Lasers by Health Care Personnel
Authors: Shiffman Melvin A. 
Published: January 2017

Laser use has increased in cosmetic surgical procedures. This is not an innocuous tool and the use of lasers should be restricted to health care personnel trained and experienced in its use. Physicians should be aware of state laws relative to the use of laser by health care personnel other than physicians. State statutes and RN performance of laser procedures are reviewed.
Comparison of Carbon Dioxide Laser to Baker's Phenol Solution to Correct Rhytids of the Lower Eyelids
Authors: Tobin Howard , Burnham Michael A. , Karas Nestor D. 
Published: January 2017

Introduction: Fine rhytids of the lower eyelids have been treated by chemical peels and more recently by carbon dioxide (CO2) lasers. Although histologic studies indicate that both methods of treatment penetrate through the papillary dermis to the reticular dermis, CO2 lasers have been postulated to produce better long-term results in the improvement of rhytids and in skin laxity secondary to the thermal effect of the laser that causes collagen synthesis and reorganization. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes in lower eyelids between the CO2 laser and Baker's phenol solution by analyzing both patient response and the clinician's impression of progress. Materials and Methods: Seven patients were enrolled in this study, which was conducted at the Facial Plastic and Cosmetic Surgical Center. The patients underwent a 50% phenol peel of the left lower eyelid. The right lower eyelid was treated by a Luxar NovaPulse CO2 laser. After treatment, patients were evaluated at 1–3 days, 1 week, 3 weeks, and at 3 months. At each evaluation period, patients filled out a questionnaire comparing swelling, erythema, pain, discomfort, and itching for each eyelid. The clinicians rated the amount of swelling, erythema, crusting/peeling, and reepithelialization of each eye. At 3 months, a subjective evaluation was done. Results: Fifty-seven percent of patients complained of more swelling on the laser side initially; however, at 3 weeks, 57% of patients complained of more swelling on the phenol side. At 3 months, all swelling resolved. Initially, erythema was greater on the laser side in 57% of patients. At 3 months, it was present equally, except in those patients who had used Catrix postoperatively on the phenol side; in these cases, swelling was markedly decreased. Pain was worse on the laser side but resolved for all patients after 3 weeks. Reepithelialization occurred within 7 days on the laser side, whereas it took up to 3 weeks before there was an absence of crusting/peeling on the phenol side. At 3 months, all but one patient felt there was no difference between the two treatments in the correction of fine rhytids; however, four of the seven patients noted that the laser side was smoother to the touch. Five patients would choose the laser over the phenol. One patient was noted to have better correction of the bagginess of her lower lid on the laser side. Discussion: For treatment of fine rhytids, there was little difference in the two methods of treatment. However, the CO2 laser seemed to better correct lower lid bagginess. The majority of the patients preferred the laser over the chemical peel.
Lymphatics and Liposculpture
Authors: Leibaschoff Gustavo M. , Ciucci Jose Luis , Ferreira Julio , Djeredjian Carlos , Banfi Jorge 
Published: January 2017

Introduction: Although lymphatic drainage of the lower extremities is well understood and liposuction-assisted lypectomy has been in existence almost 25 years, this study was undertaken to determine if liposculpture of the lower extremities causes significant damage to the lymphatics. Materials and Methods: One patient with bitrochanteric lipodystrophy was selected for the study. Radioisotopic lymphography was performed. Dynamic images were obtained of the distal limbs for 15 to 20 minutes at 3 and 6 hours after injection. Liposculpture was performed on one side and ultrasonic liposculpture on the opposite side using tumescent anesthesia. Four months after the surgery, radioisotopic lymphography was repeated. Results: There were no relevant changes from the preoperative study. Lymphographs done early, late, and at 4 months show no abnormalities. There was no evidence of organic block or dermal reflux.
Eliminating Lidocaine from Large-Volume Tumescent Liposuction
Authors: Mangubat E. Antonio 
Published: January 2017

Introduction: The introduction of tumescent anesthesia in 1987 was a major milestone in liposuction history. The technique provided local anesthesia for large areas of liposuction as well as virtually eliminating significant blood loss. With the acceptance of tumescence as a standard in liposuction surgery, surgeons have begun infusing ever-increasing amounts of tumescent fluid and aspirating volumes of fat considered impossible to remove only a decade ago. Large-volume tumescent infusion delivered concomitantly large loads of lidocaine, almost an order of magnitude greater than the maximum load recommended in the Physicians' Desk Reference. Complications are inevitable with lidocaine levels this high. Large-volume liposuction can result in lidocaine toxicity with tumescent anesthesia. This study evaluated whether removing lidocaine from the tumescent formula increases the safety and extends the efficacy of large-volume liposuction by eliminating the danger of lidocaine toxicity. Methods and Materials: A retrospective review of 105 patients undergoing large-volume liposuction with a tumescent infusion of greater than 10 L was performed. A high incidence (71%) of nausea and vomiting was noted in 24 patients undergoing large-volume liposuction under tumescent anesthesia with Klein solution. Because of the possibility of toxicity, lidocaine was eliminated from the tumescent formula and anesthesia was provided with epidural block. Results: A total of 105 patients undergoing large-volume liposuction were studied; 24 had tumescent anesthesia and 81 had epidural anesthesia and tumescent infusion of epinephrine 1:1000 000 concentration without lidocaine. The incidence of nausea and vomiting dropped from 71% to 14% when lidocaine was removed. Conclusion: The possibility of toxicity is virtually eliminated when lidocaine is removed from the tumescent formula and when regional or general anesthesia is used. This allows the surgeon to infuse a greater volume of tumescent solution and remove a larger volume of fat with increased safety.
Abdominal Liposuction in a Patient with a Colostomy
Authors: Raskin Bernard I. 
Published: January 2017

Introduction: Liposuction surgery is associated with a low incidence of infection. Abdominal liposuction is rarely performed in patients with a colostomy, which presents a possible source of infection. Case Report: A patient with a colostomy had 2 liposuction procedures performed without a postoperative infection. Conclusions: Liposuction surgery can be performed in patients with a colostomy. Risk of infection is minimized if proper sterile draping and prophylactic antibiotics are used.
Long-Term Breastfeeding in African American Mothers
Authors: Gross Tyra Toston , Davis Marsha , Anderson Alex K. , Hall Jori , Hilyard Karen 
Published: January 2017

Background: According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 39.1% of African American infants are breastfed at 6 months. However, few studies have explored the breastfeeding experiences of African American women who successfully breastfeed to 6 months or longer durations. Research aim: The goal of this qualitative study was to explore the long-term breastfeeding experiences of low-income African American women using the positive deviance approach. Methods: African American women with breastfeeding experience were recruited through Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) breastfeeding peer counselors. Eligibility criteria included being age 18 or older, currently participating in WIC, and having breastfed one child for at least 6 months in the past 2 years. Semistructured, in-depth interviews were conducted with 11 participants. Interviews were audio-recorded and professionally transcribed. Transcripts were then analyzed for emerging themes using thematic analysis in NVivo software. Results: Participants had on average three children each, with an average length of breastfeeding of 10.5 months per child. Four main themes developed: (a) deciding to breastfeed, (b) initiating breastfeeding, (c) breastfeeding long-term, and (d) expanding breastfeeding support. Participants offered culturally tailored suggestions to improve breastfeeding support for other African American women: prenatal discussions of breastfeeding with health care providers, African American lactation support personnel and breastfeeding support groups, and African American breastfeeding promotion in print and digital media. Conclusion: Women who participated in this study breastfed for longer durations than the national average for African Americans. Findings can inform practice and research efforts to improve breastfeeding rates in this population using lessons learned from successful women.
Perceptions of Public Breastfeeding Images and Their Association With Breastfeeding Knowledge and Attitudes Among an Internet Panel of Men Ages 21–44 in the United States
Authors: Magnusson Brianna M. , Thackeray Callie R. , Van Wagenen Sarah A. , Davis Siena F. , Richards Rickelle , Merrill Ray M. 
Published: January 2017

Background: Men’s attitudes toward public breastfeeding may influence a woman’s decisions about breastfeeding and her perceived comfort with public breastfeeding. Research aim: This study aimed to evaluate factors associated with men’s visual perception of images of public breastfeeding. Methods: A 95-item online survey was administered to 502 U.S. men ages 21 to 44. Respondents were presented with four images of women breastfeeding and asked to evaluate agreement with 15 adjectives describing each image. Based on factor analysis, 13 of these adjectives were combined to create the Breastfeeding Images Scale for each image. An 8-item Situational Statements Scale and the 17-item Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS) were used to assess breastfeeding knowledge and attitudes. Multiple regression was used to evaluate the association between breastfeeding attitudes and knowledge and the Breastfeeding Images Scale. Results: The image depicting a woman breastfeeding privately at home had the highest mean score of 71.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) [70.69, 73.22], on the Breastfeeding Images Scale, compared with 61.93, 95% CI [60.51, 63.36], for the image of a woman breastfeeding in a public setting. The overall mean scale score for the IIFAS was 56.99, 95% CI [56.27, 57.70], and for the Situational Statements Scale was 28.80, 95% CI [27.92, 29.69]. For all images, increasing breastfeeding knowledge and attitudes measured by the IIFAS and the Situational Statements Scale were associated with a more positive perception of the image. Conclusion: Images of public breastfeeding are viewed less favorably by men in the sample than are images of private breastfeeding. Knowledge and attitudes toward breastfeeding are positively associated with perception of breastfeeding images.
Outcome in biopsy-proven Lupus nephritis: Evaluation of biopsies from the Norwegian Kidney Biopsy Registry
Authors: Norby G E , Mjøen G , Bjørneklett R , Vikse B E , Holdaas H , Svarstad E , Aasarød K 
Published: January 2017

Objective To evaluate long-term mortality and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in a cohort of Norwegian patients with biopsy-proven lupus nephritis (LN). Methods Renal biopsies were obtained from 178 patients with LN from 1988 until 2007. Mortality rate and death causes were provided by Statistics Norway and ESRD data were provided by the Norwegian Renal Registry. Risk factors for all-cause mortality were evaluated by Cox regression. Standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was compared to observed deaths in a matched general population sample. Results Mean age was 37.6 (±14.4) years, and median time of follow-up was 8.5 years (0–26.2). Thirty-six patients (20.2%) died during follow-up. The SMR for all-cause mortality was 5.6 (Confidence interval [CI] 3.7–7.5). In an adjusted multivariate analysis proliferative glomerulonephritis (LN class IV) was independently associated with all-cause mortality; hazard ratio (HR) 2.6 (Confidence interval [CI] 1.2–5.7 p = 0.017). Main causes of death were infections (47.2%) and cardiovascular events 8 (22.2%). Thirty-six patients (20.2%) reached ESRD. Conclusions Biopsy-proven LN is associated with increased mortality compared to the general population. LN class IV is associated with all-cause mortality. Infections and cardiovascular events were the most common causes of death. Patients with LN have a high incidence of ESRD.
Nailfold capillaroscopic changes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: correlations with disease activity, skin manifestation and nephritis
Authors: Shenavandeh S , Habibi S 
Published: January 2017

Introduction The clinical expression of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the consequence of endothelial cell damage leading to serious multiple organ dysfunction. The aim of this study was to assess the association between nailfold capillaroscopic changes and disease activity, skin and renal involvement in patients with SLE. Methods Demographic variables, clinical manifestations and laboratory data of 108 patients with SLE were investigated. Nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC) was performed in all patients. Result Morphological changes in NFC were observed in 102 out of 108 (94.4%) SLE patients. Minor changes were found in 33 (30.6%) and major changes in 69 (63.9%) cases. The disease activity was significantly higher in the patients with major changes ( p < 0.002). A higher incidence of microhaemorrhages was seen in patients with active SLE disease ( p < 0.04). In SLE patients with active skin involvement, the disturbed distribution ( p < 0.004) was more frequent and subtle changes ( p < 0.009) were less frequently observed as compared with patients without active skin involvement. In the group of SLE patients with renal involvement, no correlation was found between the capillary abnormalities and the presence of renal involvement ( p > 0.05), except for the elongated capillary loops, which were seen more often in patients with renal involvement than in patients without it ( p < 0.03). Conclusion The results of the study showed that capillary changes (abnormal capillaroscopy) were very common in patients with SLE, although there were no specific patterns like the ones in scleroderma patients, and some changes may be associated with disease activity, especially in patients with active skin involvement.
Prevalence and incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus in the adult population of Estonia
Authors: Otsa K , Talli S , Harding P , Parsik E , Esko M , Teepere A , Tammaru M 
Published: January 2017

Studies have demonstrated considerable variability in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) incidence and prevalence estimates. Lack of reliable epidemiological data may hinder evidence-based health care planning. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence and incidence of SLE in the Estonian adult population. The SLE billing cases were extracted from the Estonian Health Insurance Fund database 2006–2010 and verified using health care providers’ databases. The patients’ life status data for January 1, 2011, were retrieved from the Estonian Population Register. The calculations for the estimates’ lower limits were based on verified cases only; the upper limits calculations also accounted for the billing cases for which clinical data were unavailable. The period prevalence of SLE was between 39 and 48 per 100,000 and incidence rate between 1.5 and 1.8 per 100,000 person-years. The point prevalence on January 1, 2011, was between 37 and 40 per 100,000. The estimates are comparable with internationally published figures and can be used to enhance evidence-based health care planning. The high percentage of billing cases that could not be verified using clinical data supports the argument that epidemiological studies based solely on administrative databases are usually of low reliability.
A multi-group confirmatory factor analyses of the LupusPRO between southern California and Filipino samples of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Azizoddin D R , Olmstead R , Cost C , Jolly M , Ayeroff J , Racaza G , Sumner L A , Ormseth S , Weisman M , Nicassio P M 
Published: January 2017

Introduction Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) leads to a range of biopsychosocial health outcomes through an unpredictable and complex disease path. The LupusPRO is a comprehensive, self-report measure developed specifically for populations with SLE, which assesses both health-related quality of life and non-health related quality of life. Given its increasingly widespread use, additional research is needed to evaluate the psychometric integrity of the LupusPRO across diverse populations. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of the LupusPRO in two divergent patient samples and the model fit between both samples. Methods Two diverse samples with SLE included 136 patients from an ethnically-diverse, urban region in southern California and 100 from an ethnically-homogenous, rural region in Manila, Philippines. All patients met the ACR classification criteria for SLE. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFAs) were conducted in each sample separately and combined to provide evidence of the factorial integrity of the 12 subscales in the LupusPRO. Results Demographic analyses indicated significant differences in age, disease activity and duration, education, income, insurance, and medication use between groups. Results of the separate CFAs indicated moderate fit to the data for the hypothesized 12-factor model for both the Manila and southern California groups, respectively [χ2 (794) = 1283.32, p < 0.001, Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.793; χ2 (794) =1398.44, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.858]. When the factor structures of the LupusPRO in the southern California and Manila groups were constrained to be equal between the two groups, findings revealed that the factor structures of measured variables fit the two groups reasonably well [χ2  (1697) = 2950.413, df = 1697, p < 0.000; CFI = 0.811]. After removing seven constraints and eight correlations suggested by the Lagrange multiplier test, the model fit improved significantly [χ2 (15) = 147.165, p < 0.000]. Conclusions This research provides significant support for the subscale structure of the LupusPRO in two disparate cultural samples of SLE patients. Despite significant sociodemographic and clinical differences between the two samples, for the most part, the LupusPRO performed similarly in both samples.
Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Youth With Anxiety: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Borquist-Conlon Debra S. , Maynard Brandy R. , Brendel Kristen Esposito , Farina Anne S. J. 
Published: January 2017

Purpose: To examine the effects on anxiety of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) among youth with anxiety disorders. Method: Systematic review and meta-analytic procedures were employed to synthesize experimental and quasi-experimental studies authored between 1980 and 2015. Results: The search yielded five studies from five countries reporting results for a total of 188 youth between the ages of 5 and 18 (mean age 13.26) who met criteria for an anxiety disorder. Risk of bias varied across studies. Meta-analytic results suggest a moderate and significant effect ( g = .62; 95% confidence interval = [0.20, 1.04], p = .004). Heterogeneity was moderate ( I2 = 47.22) and not statistically significant ( Q = 7.58, df = 4, p = .11), thus moderator analyses were not warranted. Discussion: The findings of this review suggest that MBIs for the treatment of anxiety in youth with anxiety disorders are effective.