bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH KOMBINASI PENGENCER SUSU SKIM DAN RINGER LAKTAT TERHADAP MOTILITAS DAN FERTILITAS SPERMATOZOA AYAM KAMPUNG (The Effect of Combination of Skim Milk and Lactated Ringer's Diluent on Motility and Fertility of Kampung Rooster Spermatozoa)
Authors: Awaludin Khairul , Saleh Dadang Mulyadi , Hidayat Nu’man 
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the combination of skim milk diluent and lactate ringer on the motility and fertility of kampung rooster spermatozoa. The material used was fresh chicken spermatozoa from 12 kampung rooster aged 1-1.5 years, 60 commercial laying hens at 90 weeks of age, skim milk, lactate ringer, and destilate water. This study used 2 research designs, Randomized Block Design to test motility and Completely Randomized Design to test fertility with 6 types of treatment. The treatments given were P0 = skim milk; P1=skim milk 20%+lactate ringer 80%; P2=skim milk 60%+lactate ringer 40%; P3=skim milk 40%+lactate ringer 60%; P4=skim milk 20%+lactate ringer 80%; P5 = lactate ringer. The data was analyzed using analysis of variance, then if there was a significant influence or different then a follow up test was carried out for Honest Significant Difference test was carried out. The ANOVA results showed that the combination of skim milk and Ringer's lactate diluent had a significant effect (P<0,05) on motility and no significant effect (P>0,05) on fertility. The research results showed that the highest motility value was in treatment P5= 89,75% and the lowest was in treatment P0= 82%. The highest fertility value was in treatment P0= 62,64% and the lowest was in treatment P2= 29,53%. The conclusion of this study was that Ringer lactate diluent had the highest motility value compared to other treatments, while the overall fertility value for all treatments was the same.
Ultra-low profile and high heat dissipation multi-layered SAW device employing sapphire substrate
Authors: Komiyama Ryohei , Suzuki Takayuki , Kitajima Masayuki , Yamauchi Motoi , Nakata Syunsuke 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper describes a realization of a low loss, low profile, high power handling surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices for 5G applications using both our unique wafer and packaging technologies. First, an improvement of insertion loss and phase velocity variation of a SAW device employing a thin piezoelectric layer and a multi-layered substrate are confirmed. Next, the structure of a direct-mount type face-up package with multi-layered sapphire substrate is proposed. The effect of the sapphire substrate on mechanical strength and the difference of heat dissipation between the proposed structure and a conventional package are verified theoretically and experimentally on n41 filter. Finally, the power linearity to 35 dBm or above input power is confirmed. Furthermore, n1/n/3/n66 Multiplexer is realized by applying these technologies and high linearity up to 34.8 dBm is confirmed at n3 Tx.
Investigating English Teachers' Teaching Style on Students' Engagement in EFL Classrooms
Authors: Rosalia Harnita 
Published: February 2025

This research aimed to discover: (1) the teaching styles applied by the English teachers at SMA Negeri 1 Bone, and (2) the most influential teaching styles toward students’ engagement at SMA Negeri 1 Bone. A qualitative methodology was utilized, with two English teachers and eight students serving as the subjects. Data were collected through observation, audio-video recording, and interviews. They were analyzed using a qualitative approach based on the four-step process outlined by Miles and Huberman: data collection, data display, data condensation, and conclusions drawing/verifying. The results of the research revealed that (1) the English teachers at SMA Negeri 1 Bone applied three teaching styles, namely expert style, formal authority style, and facilitator style and the dominant teaching styles used by the first teacher were expert and facilitator style while the dominant teaching style used by the second teacher was formal authority style and facilitator style (2) the researcher elaborated students’ engagement into three categories such as behavioral engagement (e.g., participation, attention), emotional engagement (e.g., enthusiasm, mood), and cognitive engagement (e.g., thinking critically, problem-solving). The facilitator style was the most influential teaching style on student engagement, which emphasizes teacher-student interaction. When students are actively involved in the learning process and the teacher employs diverse teaching strategies, students become more interested in learning. Furthermore, the teachers attempted to create an engaging learning environment by incorporating games and humor, which improved student engagement.
PENGARUH ARUS KAS BEBAS, PERTUMBUHAN PERUSAHAAN, RASIO TOTAL UTANG DAN MODAL SENDIRI, RASIO LABA BERSIH DAN TOTAL ASET TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN DEVIDEN
Authors: Natalia Ethelin , Santoso Hendra F 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT The purpose of research is to know the effect from Free Cash Flow (FCF), Growth (GRW), Debt Equity Ratio (DER), and Return On Asset (ROA) on dividend policy as measure using the dividend payout ratio (DPR). This study using 48 sampel from population of manufacture’s firm that listed in BEI for periode 2013 to 2015. Sampling method in this research is used purposive sampling. The result in this research is finding that Free Cash Flow and Return On Asset have significantly effect on Dividend Payout Ratio. This research also shows that Growth and Debt Equity Ratio (DER) is not have significantly effect on Dividend Payout Ratio. Keywords: Free Cash Flow (FCF), Growth (GRW), Debt Equity Ratio (DER) , Return On Asset (ROA) and Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR). ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh variabel bebas yang diwakili oleh Arus Kas Bebas, Pertumbuhan Perusahaan, Rasio Total Utang dan Modal Sendiri, Rasio Laba Bersih dan Total Aset terhadap Kebijakan Deviden yang diukur menggunakan Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR). Penelitian ini menggunakan 48 sampel observasi dari populasi perusahaan yang tergolong perusahaan manufaktur dan terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) periode 2013 sampai 2015. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Metode analisis menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Arus Kas Bebas, Rasio Laba Bersih dan Total Aset memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap Dividend Payout Ratio. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa Pertumbuhan Perusahaan dan Rasio Total Utang dan Modal Sendiri tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Dividend Payout Ratio. Kata Kunci: Arus Kas Bebas, Pertumbuhan Perusahaan, Rasio Total Utang dan Modal Sendiri, Rasio Laba Bersih dan Total Aset, Kebijakan Dividen.
MANAJEMEN LABA DAN FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PADA PERUSAHAAN YANG TERDAFTAR DALAM LQ45
Authors: Christyana Yollanda , Subagyo Subagyo 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of KAP size, profitability, and leverage on earnings management. Earnings Management using discretionary accrual, KAP Size using size KAP Big 4 and non Big 4, profitability using Return on Asset and leverage using Total Debt to Total Asset Ratio. Analyzed using multiple linear regression and for processing the data using the computer program SPSS version 23. Object of this research is the companies listed in LQ 45 in period 2013-2015 using purposive sampling. The result of this study the KAP size has significant negative influence of earnings management, profitabilty has significant positive influence of earnings management and leverage has no significant positive influence of earnings management. Keywords: earnings management, KAP size, profitability, leverage. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh ukuran KAP, profitabilitas, dan leverage terhadap manajemen laba. Manajemen laba menggunakan discretionary accrual, Ukuran KAP menggunakan ukuran KAP Big 4 dan non Big 4, profitabilitas diproksikan dengan Return on Asset dan leverage diproksikan dengan Total Debt to total Asset Ratio. Dianalisis menggunakan regresi linear berganda dan untuk pemrosesan data menggunakan program komputer SPSS versi 23. Objek penelitian ini adalah perusahaan yang terdaftar di LQ 45 periode 2013-2015 dengan menggunakan purposive sampling. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Ukuran KAP signifikan berpengaruh negatif terhadap manajemen laba, Profitabilitas signifikan berpengaruh positif terhadap manajemen laba, dan Leverage signifikan tidak berpengaruh positif terhadap manajemen laba. Kata Kunci: manajemen laba, ukuran KAP, profitabilitas, leverage.
Style in Delivering Directive Illocutionary Act in Mission Impossible-Dead Reckoning Part 1 Movie
Authors: Ida Bagus Suharta Adi Wiguna  , Putu Devi Maharani  
Published: February 2025

The aim of this study is to identify and describe the types of directive illocutionary acts present in the movie Mission: Impossible - Dead Reckoning Part 1 and the styles used to deliver these acts through the characters' utterances. Data were gathered by watching the movie multiple times, keeping track of any statements that seemed to imply directing acts, cross-referencing with the transcript, and categorizing the statements that contained directive illocutionary acts. This study found and identified three types of directives; commands, requests, and suggestions based on Kreidler (1998) theory. These types were further categorized into various styles, such as direct and indirect speech, and into sentence types (declarative, interrogative, and imperative) according to Yule's (1996) theory. The analysis was conducted using a qualitative method, with 40 instances of data collected. The most frequent type was command (26 data), followed by suggestion (8 data), and request (6 data). The most common style observed was direct imperative (24 data), followed by direct declarative (7 data), and indirect interrogative (3 data).
The Animal-AI Environment: A virtual laboratory for comparative cognition and artificial intelligence research
Authors: Voudouris Konstantinos , Slater Ben , Cheke Lucy G. , Schellaert Wout , Hernández-Orallo José , Halina Marta , Patel Matishalin , Alhas Ibrahim , Mecattaf Matteo G. , Burden John , Holmes Joel , Chaubey Niharika , Donnelly Niall , Crosby Matthew 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Animal-AI Environment is a unique game-based research platform designed to facilitate collaboration between the artificial intelligence and comparative cognition research communities. In this paper, we present the latest version of the Animal-AI Environment, outlining several major features that make the game more engaging for humans and more complex for AI systems. These features include interactive buttons, reward dispensers, and player notifications, as well as an overhaul of the environment’s graphics and processing for significant improvements in agent training time and quality of the human player experience. We provide detailed guidance on how to build computational and behavioural experiments with the Animal-AI Environment. We present results from a series of agents, including the state-of-the-art deep reinforcement learning agent Dreamer-v3, on newly designed tests and the Animal-AI testbed of 900 tasks inspired by research in the field of comparative cognition. The Animal-AI Environment offers a new approach for modelling cognition in humans and non-human animals, and for building biologically inspired artificial intelligence.
Emission from Multiple Molecular Isotopologues in a High-inclination Protoplanetary Disk
Authors: Salyk Colette , Pontoppidan Klaus M. , Banzatti Andrea , Bergin Edwin , Arulanantham Nicole , Najita Joan , Blake Geoffrey A. , Carr John , Zhang Ke , Xie Chengyan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We present a MIRI-MRS spectrum of the high-inclination protoplanetary disk around the solar-mass (K0) star MY Lup, obtained as part of the JWST Disk Infrared Spectral Chemistry Survey (JDISCS). The spectrum shows an unusually weak water emission spectrum for a disk around a star of its spectral type, but strong emission from CO2, HCN, and isotopologues of both molecules. This includes the first ever detection of C18O16O and H13CN in an inner disk, as well as tentative detections of C17O16O and HC15N. Slab modeling provides the molecular temperatures, column densities, and emitting areas of the detected molecules. The emitting molecular gas is cold compared to that of other observed protoplanetary disk spectra. We estimate the isotopologue ratios of CO2 and HCN, albeit with significant uncertainty. We suggest that the unusual spectrum of MY Lup arises from a combination of inner-disk clearing, which removes emission from warm water, and its nearly edge-on inclination, which enhances line-of-sight column densities, although unusual chemistry may also be required. MY Lup’s spectrum highlights the potential to detect and measure trace isotopologues to study isotopic fractionation in protoplanetary disks; observations at higher spectral resolving power are needed to constrain the isotopologue ratios to greater precision.
HH 270/110 as a Jet/Shear Layer Interaction
Authors: Raga A. C. , Noriega-Crespo A. , Castellanos-Ramírez A. , Cantó J. , Arce H. , Lebrón M. , Morales Ortiz J. L. , Ortiz Capeles A. N. , Pantoja C. A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
New observations obtained with JWST of the protostellar HH 270 jet and the “deflected” HH 110 system show that HH 110 has a morphology of a series of distorted working surfaces. These working surfaces appear to be “deflected versions” of the heads of the incident HH 270 jet. We compute a series of 3D numerical simulations, in which we explore the possible parameters of a shearing environment that could give rise to the deflection of HH 270 into the HH 110 flow. We find that we need quite a high sideways velocity for the streaming environment (∼30 km s−1) in order to produce the complex structure observed in HH 110. This high velocity would be possible in an environment that has been strongly perturbed by the passage of other outflows.
On the Temporal Variability of the Galactic Multi-TeV Interstellar Emissions
Authors: Marinos P. D. , Porter T. A. , Rowell G. P. , Jóhannesson G. , Moskalenko I. V. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We use the GALPROP cosmic ray (CR) framework to model the Galactic CR distributions and associated nonthermal diffuse emissions up to PeV energies. We consider ensembles of discrete, finite lifetime CR sources, e.g., supernova remnants, for a range of creation rates and lifetimes. We find that the global properties of the CR sources are likely not directly recoverable from the current “snapshot” of the historic injection and propagation of CRs within the Galaxy that are provided by the data. We show that models for the diffuse γ rays based on the discrete/time-dependent scenarios we consider are able to explain the LHAASO very-/ultra-high-energy (VHE/UHE) γ-ray data with up to 50% contribution by unresolved leptonic sources at the highest energies. Over the models that we consider, variations in the diffuse VHE emissions can be ∼25%, which is comparable to those for the steady-state models that we investigated in an earlier work. Such variations due to the discrete/finite nature of the CR sources are an important factor that are necessary to construct accurate physical models of the diffuse emissions from the Galaxy at VHE/UHEs.
LIMFAST. III. Timing Cosmic Reionization with the 21 cm and Near-infrared Backgrounds
Authors: Sun Guochao , Lidz Adam , Chang Tzu-Ching , Mirocha Jordan , Furlanetto Steven R. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The timeline of cosmic reionization remains uncertain despite sustained efforts to study how the ionizing output of early galaxies shaped the intergalactic medium (IGM). Using the seminumerical code LIMFAST, we investigate the prospects for timing the reionization process by cross-correlating the 21 cm signal with the cosmic near-infrared background (NIRB) contributed by galaxies at z > 5. Tracing opposite phases of the IGM on large scales during reionization, the two signals together serve as a powerful probe for the reionization history. However, because long-wavelength, line-of-sight Fourier modes—the only modes probed by NIRB fluctuations—are contaminated by 21 cm foregrounds and thus inevitably lost to foreground cleaning or avoidance, a direct cross correlation of the two signals vanishes. We show that this problem can be circumvented by squaring the foreground-filtered 21 cm signal and cross-correlating the squared field with the NIRB. This statistic is related to the 21 cm–21 cm–NIRB cross bispectrum and encodes valuable information regarding the reionization timeline. Particularly, the 21 cm2 and NIRB signals are positively correlated during the early phases of reionization and negatively correlated at later stages. We demonstrate that this behavior is generic across several different reionization models and compare our simulated results with perturbative calculations. We show that this cross correlation can be detected at high significance by forthcoming 21 cm and NIRB surveys such as the Square Kilometre Array and SPHEREx. Our methodology is more broadly applicable to cross correlations between line intensity mapping data and 2D tracers of the large-scale structure, including photometric galaxy surveys and cosmic microwave background lensing mass maps, among others.
A Central TDE Candidate Detected through Spectroscopic Continuum Emission Properties in an SDSS Blue Quasar
Authors: Zhang XueGuang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper, properties of spectroscopic continuum emissions are considered to detect potential tidal disruption event (TDE) candidates among Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) quasars. After considering the simple blackbody photosphere model applied to describe quasar continuum emissions with parameters of blackbody temperature T
BB and blackbody radius R
BB, SDSS quasars and reported optical TDEs occupy distinct regions in the space of T
BB and R
BB. Then, through the dependence of R
BB on T
BB for SDSS quasars, 402 outliers in the SDSS Stripe 82 region can be collected. Among the 402 outliers, SDSS J2308 at z = 1.16 is mainly considered, due to its SDSS spectrum observed around the peak brightness of the light curves. With the 7.2 yr long light curves described by the theoretical TDE model, the determined T
BB and R
BB through its spectroscopic continuum emissions are consistent with the values determined by the TDE model, to support the central TDE. Moreover, considering simulated results on continuum emissions of SDSS quasars around z ∼ 1.16, it can be confirmed at a confidence level higher than 4σ that the continuum emissions of SDSS J2308 are not related to normal quasars. Furthermore, through the simulated results by the accepted continuous autoregressive process to trace intrinsic active galactic nucleus variability, the confidence level higher than 3σ can be confirmed that the long-term light curves of SDSS J2308 are related to a central TDE. The jointed probabilities through both spectroscopic and photometric simulations, the confidence level higher than 5σ can be confirmed to support the central TDE in SDSS J2308.
Cataloging Stream Interaction Regions at MAVEN: A Cross-comparative Study with STEREO-A
Authors: Henderson Sarah A. , Filwett Rachael J. , Allen Robert C. , Lee Christina O. , Halekas Jasper S. , Espley Jared R. , Galvin Antoinette , Wei Hanying 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Stream interaction regions (SIRs) are long-lasting solar wind structures that result from stable fast solar wind interacting with preceding slow solar wind. These structures have been examined in depth throughout the heliosphere, particularly at 1 au; however, due to sparse observations, SIRs have not been characterized thoroughly at 1.5 au. Thanks to the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission, we have a chance to fill this observational gap. We implement in situ solar wind data collected by MAVEN to identify SIRs between 2014 November and 2023 September. We observe 185 SIRs with average durations of 2.2 days that occur primarily during periods of low solar activity. We detect 19 forward shocks, seven reverse shocks, and one shock pair within these 185 SIRs. We predict a total SIR-associated shock detection rate of ∼56% at 1.5 au and compare this rate to previous findings spanning 0.1–5 au. We examine Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) A data at 1 au to cross-compare with our results at 1.5 au. We determine the magnetic compression ratios (H) associated with SIRs at MAVEN and STEREO-A and find that H is ∼18% higher at 1.5 au than 1 au. We find that for a given SIR observed at both 1 and 1.5 au, H is ∼32% higher at 1.5 au. We also do not see a stark difference in the change in H for SIRs observed at both STEREO-A and MAVEN with respect to the angular separation of the spacecraft.
Neutrinos from Carbon-burning Red Supergiants and Their Detectability
Authors: Seong Gwangeon , Kwak Kyujin , Ryu Dongsu , Shin Bok-Kyun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Stars emit megaelectronvolt neutrinos during their evolution via nuclear syntheses and thermal processes, and detecting them could provide insights into stellar structure beyond what is accessible through electromagnetic wave observations. So far, megaelectronvolt neutrinos have been observed from the Sun and SN 1987A. It has been suggested that pre-supernova stars in the oxygen- and silicon-burning stages would emit enough megaelectronvolt neutrinos to be detectable on Earth, provided they are in the local Universe. In this study, we investigate the prospect of detecting neutrinos from red supergiants (RSGs) in the carbon-burning phase. In our Galaxy, around a thousand RSGs have been cataloged, and several are expected to be in the carbon-burning phase. We first calculate the luminosity and energy spectrum of the neutrinos emitted during the post-main-sequence evolution of massive stars. For a nearby carbon-burning RSG located ∼200 pc away, we estimate the neutrino flux reaching Earth to be as large as ∼105 cm−2 s−1, with a spectrum peaking at ∼0.6 MeV. We then assess the feasibility of detecting these neutrinos in underground facilities, particularly in hybrid detectors equipped with a water-based liquid scintillator and ultrafast photodetectors. In detectors with a volume comparable to Super-Kamiokande, for the above flux, we anticipate up to ∼50 neutrino events per year with directional information. Although this is a fair number, the number of events from radioactive backgrounds would be much larger. Our results indicate that studying neutrinos from carbon-burning RSGs and predicting supernovae well in advance before their explosion would be challenging with currently available detector technologies.