bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Our Readers: Riggs vs. Riggs
Authors: Riggs Gina Ginsberg , Riggs S. Kenneth 
Published: July 2017

My problem no doubt is one you've heard again and again. I have a six-year-old son whose intelligence level tests have shown him to be in the gifted range. The tests only confirm what I've known since he was seven months old. Unfortunately, we his parents have not been in a financial position to provide him the stimulating educational environment which he needs, desperately so at this point. Nor have we been (and it hurts to say this) equal to his special demands at home, though we have done what we thought was our best. His general behavior has been such a problem at pre-school, kindergarten, and in his first-grade class that we have been advised to seek counseling. The child psychologist at the Pediatric Clinic advised us that Chris needs to be in a school for gifted children, but found that none in the area would accept him, much less grant him a scholarship, until he had undergone behavior modification. There is a program (private) that specializes in this type of situation. It's highly recommended, but demands a tuition of $5,000 for six months! After that, granting that he would then be acceptable to one of the “gifted” schools, we face the continuing financial challenge. Is there anything you can do for us? Are there organizations or corporations who grant scholarships for children like Chris? I am willing to contact anyone who might be of help. My son is a delightful bundle of energy, intelligence, and charm, and I don't want to see his giftedness be a millstone around his neck. Whatever you might be able to advise would be greatly appreciated. We live in a nice town that is supposed to have good education. In fact, that is why some of us moved here. Our superintendent says that the school is providing for its gifted students in the regular classroom and through just a few extra programs, but we are very dissatisfied. We formed an organization of parents a couple of years ago with the aim of improving the school's gifted program, but we have not been successful at all. How can we make the school change? We are a group of parents who all have children in our school's gifted program. In the beginning we were so excited about meeting each other and getting together, but after almost a year our meetings are poorly attended. We are falling apart! We think that it is important for us to be together for mutual support and also for the sake of the gifted program, but how do we stay together?
The Role of the Mentor
Authors: Cox June , Daniel Neil 
Published: July 2017

This is the fifth in a series of articles reporting on the Richardson Study, a national investigation of educational programs and practices designed for high ability students, including the gifted and talented. Previous articles focused on continuous progress and nongraded schools, Advanced Placement, concurrent enrollment, the International Baccalaureate Program, and specialized schools. This article explores a variety of programs that involve pairing students for instruction with adults, generally business and professional people in the community, rather than with the students' own faculty members. The Richardson Study is based on a national survey, conducted in 1982, of over fifteen thousand schools and districts, public and parochial, throughout the nation; on visits to schools to examine diverse approaches to educating able learners; and on conferences attended by Richardson Study Committee members and invited school representatives. In preparation for this article, the committee gathered in Fort Worth, April 22–24, 1983 with six educators. Each educator presented a model or concept related to programs described as mentorships, internships, and assistantships. Bruce Boston from Wordsmith, Inc. in Fairfax, Virginia, challenged the group to keep in mind that “mentor” refers to a very special relationship between two individuals, that it does not refer to a program. Donald Davis, Chairman of the Executive High School Internship Association, from Springfield, Illinois, reviewed the history of the Association and discussed the services it currently offers. Martha Fulbright from Weslaco, Texas; Joan Shelley from Carrollton, Texas; and Mike Stuart from Dallas, Texas, presented the programs they coordinate in their districts. Bill Nash from Texas A & M University presented a career education model he and others developed there. The committee and invited educators worked diligently to identify the issues encountered in developing internships and related programs. They considered the kinds of recommendations they would make, based on their experiences, to others wishing to implement such programs. The recommendations at the close of the article reflect those drawn up by the group. About Definitions Very often terms denoting adults paired with students for instructional purposes are used interchangeably. However, in this article, an assistant is understood to mean one who assists, a helper or an aide. An apprentice is one who is bound by legal agreement to work for another for a specific amount of time in return for instruction in a trade, art, or business. An intern is an advanced student or recent graduate undergoing supervised practical training, while a mentor is a wise and trusted counselor or teacher.
One Family's Decision: When Should Our Child Start School?
Authors: Cramond Bonnie 
Published: July 2017

When should our child start school? Parents often get mixed messages. We are warned about the dangers of pushing young children too far too soon, but we are also reminded of the necessity of challenging them to do their best. There appears to be an increasing trend for parents to hold their children back for one year past the eligible age for kindergarten entry. Coupled with the movement by school districts to push back the birth date for children beginning school, the result is a growing number of children entering school much older than was true in the past. This presents a problem for many parents of gifted children who are ready to begin school before the prescribed time. What follows is how one mother and father made the decision to go against the trend and enter their child early. It is a chronicle of their dealing with the system, their problems and successes, and their reflections one year later.
A Crisis in Space — A Futuristic Simulation Using Creative Problem Solving
Authors: Clode Linda 
Published: July 2017

The architect looked solemnly out on the assembled voyagers. “The crack in the ship seems to be stabilized for the moment,” she said. “Our biggest concern is the loss of oxygen tanks which floated out through the crack on impact. Our emergency supplies should last until morning when I hope to have the area redesigned so that we can land to resupply.” The Commander gravely acknowledged her report and called on the rest of the group for comments before moving to the problems of the other members of his team.
Large-Scale Normal Coordinate Analysis on Distributed Memory Parallel Systems
Authors: Yang Chao , Raghavan Padma , Arrowood Lloyd , Noid Donald W. , Sumpter Bobby G. , Tuzun Robert E. 
Published: July 2017

Summary A parallel computational scheme for analyzing large-scale molecular vibration on distributed memory computing platforms is presented in this paper. This method combines the implicitly restarted Lanczos algorithm with a state-of-art parallel sparse direct solver to compute a set of low frequency vibrational modes for molecular systems containing tens of thousands of atoms. Although the original motivation for developing such a scheme was to overcome memory limitations on traditional sequential and shared memory machines, our computational experiments show that with a careful parallel design and data partitioning scheme one can achieve scalable performance on lightly coupled distributed memory parallel systems. In particular, we demonstrate performance enhancement achieved by using the latency tolerant “selective inversion” scheme in the sparse triangular substitution phase of the computation.
Refractory Erosive Oral Lichen Planus Associated with Hepatitis C: Response to Topical Tacrolimus Ointment
Authors: Donovan Jeffrey C. H. , Hayes Robert C. , Burgess Karen , Leong Iona T. , Rosen Cheryl F. 
Published: July 2017

Background: Erosive lichen planus is a painful and disabling disease that is frequently resistant to topical and systemic therapies. Current therapies are considered palliative rather than curative as many patients relapse after discontinuing treatment. An association has been reported between some cases of oral lichen planus (OLP) and chronic hepatitis C infection. Objective: We report on a 51-year-old hepatitis C-positive man with corticosteroid refractory erosive lichen planus of the lip who had a rapid resolution of his lesions following a two-week course of topical 0.1% tacrolimus ointment. The patient remains symptom-free at one year post-treatment. Conclusion: This case supports the safety and efficacy of topical tacrolimus in patients with steroid-refractory OLP associated with chronic hepatitis C.
Erythema Infectiosum
Authors: Vafaie Janet , Schwartz Robert A. 
Published: July 2017

Background: Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) is a common benign pediatric condition caused by B19 parvovirus. It can be identified clinically by a “slapped cheek” appearance that is often followed by reticulated exanthem on the trunk and extremities. Objective: This review article provides a concise overview of erythema infectiosum. Methods: The article is divided into the followings sections: background, epidemiologic characteristics, clinical description, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, laboratory diagnosis, prognosis, and management. Results: Erythema infectiosum is found to cause a fairly prominent classic rash and generalized symptoms. Conclusion: Although erythema infectiosum has many distinctive symptoms, the prognosis is excellent because the condition in children is usually self-limited.
Successful Treatment of Refractory Aquagenic Pruritus with Naltrexone
Authors: Ingber Sarah , Cohen Paul D. 
Published: July 2017

Background: Aquagenic pruritus is an intense prickling sensation that develops in affected individuals immediately after contact with water at any temperature. It is most commonly associated with polycythemia rubra vera. Common but often ineffective treatments include anticholinergics and antihistamines. Other moderately successful treatments include capsaicin cream, UVB phototherapy, and sodium bicarbonate bath water. Objective: In this case report we describe a 55-year-old female with severe itching following showers. Underlying causes were ruled out with a series of blood tests, a chest X-ray, and serum protein electrophoresis. After multiple treatment failures, her itching was relieved with naltrexone. Conclusion: Endogenous opiates, like naltrexone, can modify pruritus by influencing the peripheral and central sensation of itch. It has been found to be successful in suppressing the perception of pruritus from many diverse origins including aquagenic pruritus.
Safe Psoriasis Control: A New Outcome Measure for the Composite Assessment of the Efficacy and Safety of Psoriasis Treatment
Authors: Papp Kim A. , Henninger Eric 
Published: July 2017

Background: PASI is an inadequate outcome measure for the assessment of psoriasis treatments. No currently used endpoints provide a benefit: risk assessment of treatment taking into consideration all available efficacy and safety data. Objective: To propose a new outcome measure called “safe psoriasis control” (SPC), which assesses multiple dimensions of the disease in a clinically meaningful way through the combined use of appropriate efficacy, quality of life, and safety data. Methods: Data from 3,500 subjects were used for the purpose of derivation and validation of the SPC endpoint. Advanced statistical methodology was used to evaluate and validate important components in the assessment of therapeutic benefit. Results: SPC was shown to be a simple but meaningful combined endpoint showing the proportion of patients who had treatment benefit without major side effects. Conclusion: The SPC endpoint may be a step-forward in providing a composite tool for the evaluation of treatments for psoriasis.
Misnomers in Dermatology
Authors: Barankin Benjamin , Freiman Anatoli 
Published: July 2017

Background: Dermatology lexicon is rich with descriptive terminology. However, for a variety of reasons, it also includes a number of misnomers. ObjectiveTo review the more commonly encountered and critically appraised misnomers in dermatology. Methods: A search of MEDLINE (1966 – 2004), eMedicine dermatology text and electronic versions of two standard dermatology texts, Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine and Dermatology, was performed using the permutations of the terms: dermatology, skin, cutaneous, and misnomer. Results: Greater than 40 misnomers were identified. Conclusions: Misnomers in dermatology stem largely from lack of appreciation of underlying etiology or histopathological features of certain skin conditions, imprecise historical observations and erroneous eponymous credit. Historical, clinical, or histopathological explanations are used to clarify the nature of the misnomers, and in some cases suggestions for improved terminology are provided.
Molecular Aspects of Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Apoptosis in the Skin
Authors: Chow Jeffrey , Tron Victor A. 
Published: July 2017

Background: Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is an essential physiological process that controls cell numbers during physiological processes, and eliminates abnormal cells that can potentially harm an organism. Objective: This review summarizes our current state of knowledge of apoptosis induction in skin by UV radiation. Methods: A review of the literature was undertaken focusing on cell death in the skin secondary to UV radiation. Results: It is evident that a number of apoptotic pathways, both intrinsic and extrinsic, are induced following exposure to damaging UV radiation. Conclusion: Although our understanding of the apoptotic processes is gradually increasing, many important aspects remain obscure. These include interconnections between pathways, wavelength-specific differences and cell type differences.
The Use of Splinting and Active Exercise following P.I.P. Joint Dislocation
Authors: Varley Karen 
Published: July 2017

The proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint is one of the most complex joints in the hand. Trauma to the PIP joint can leave the physiotherapist with the difficult task of achieving full functional pain free movement, while maintaining the joints stability. This paper describes a treatment method using a safe but effective splint and exercise regime, that returned the patient to his main hobby of gardening with almost full pain free movement, within four weeks, following a complex compound dislocation of his PIP joint.
Sciatic Nerve Injury After Proximal Hamstring Avulsion and Repair
Authors: Wilson Thomas J. , Spinner Robert J. , Mohan Rohith , Gibbs Christopher M. , Krych Aaron J. 
Published: July 2017

Background: Muscle bellies of the hamstring muscles are intimately associated with the sciatic nerve, putting the sciatic nerve at risk of injury associated with proximal hamstring avulsion. There are few data informing the magnitude of this risk, identifying risk factors for neurologic injury, or determining neurologic outcomes in patients with distal sciatic symptoms after surgery. Purpose: To characterize the frequency and nature of sciatic nerve injury and distal sciatic nerve–related symptoms after proximal hamstring avulsion and to characterize the influence of surgery on these symptoms. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: This was a retrospective review of patients with proximal partial or complete hamstring avulsion. The outcome of interest was neurologic symptoms referable to the sciatic nerve distribution below the knee. Neurologic symptoms in operative patients were compared pre- and postoperatively. Results: The cohort consisted of 162 patients: 67 (41.4%) operative and 95 (58.6%) nonoperative. Sciatic nerve–related symptoms were present in 22 operative and 23 nonoperative patients, for a total of 45 (27.8%) patients (8 [4.9%] motor deficits, 11 [6.8%] sensory deficits, and 36 [22.2%] with neuropathic pain). Among the operative cohort, 3 of 3 (100.0%) patients showed improvement in their motor deficit postoperatively, 3 of 4 (75.0%) patients’ sensory symptoms improved, and 17 of 19 (89.5%) patients had improvement in pain. A new or worsening deficit occurred in 5 (7.5%) patients postoperatively (2 [3.1%] motor deficits, 1 [1.5%] sensory deficit, and 3 [4.5%] with new pain). Predictors of operative intervention included lower age (odds ratio [OR], 0.952; 95% CI, 0.921-0.982; P = .001) and complete avulsion (OR, 10.292; 95% CI, 2.526-72.232; P < .001). Presence of neurologic deficit was not predictive. Conclusion: Sciatic nerve–related symptoms after proximal hamstring avulsion are underrecognized. Currently, neurologic symptoms are not considered when determining whether to pursue operative intervention. Given the high likelihood of improvement with surgical treatment, neurologic symptoms should be considered when making a decision regarding operative treatment.
Hyperandrogenemia Induced by Letrozole Treatment of Pubertal Female Mice Results in Hyperinsulinemia Prior to Weight Gain and Insulin Resistance
Authors: Skarra Danalea V , Hernández-Carretero Angelina , Rivera Alissa J , Anvar Arya R , Thackray Varykina G 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWomen with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) diagnosed with hyperandrogenism and ovulatory dysfunction have an increased risk of developing metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. We previously developed a model that uses letrozole to elevate endogenous testosterone levels in female mice. This model has hallmarks of PCOS, including hyperandrogenism, anovulation, and polycystic ovaries, as well as increased abdominal adiposity and glucose intolerance. In the current study, we further characterized the metabolic dysfunction that occurs after letrozole treatment to determine whether this model represents a PCOS-like metabolic phenotype. We focused on whether letrozole treatment results in altered pancreatic or liver function as well as insulin resistance. We also investigated whether hyperinsulinemia occurs secondary to weight gain and insulin resistance in this model or if it can occur independently. Our study demonstrated that letrozole-treated mice developed hyperinsulinemia after 1 week of treatment and without evidence of insulin resistance. After 2 weeks of letrozole treatment, mice became significantly heavier than placebo mice, demonstrating that weight gain was not required to develop hyperinsulinemia. After 5 weeks of letrozole treatment, mice exhibited blunted glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, insulin resistance, and impaired insulin-induced phosphorylation of AKT in skeletal muscle. Moreover, letrozole-treated mice exhibited dyslipidemia after 5 weeks of treatment but no evidence of hepatic disease. Our study demonstrated that the letrozole-induced PCOS mouse model exhibits multiple features of the metabolic dysregulation observed in obese, hyperandrogenic women with PCOS. This model will be useful for mechanistic studies investigating how hyperandrogenemia affects metabolism in females.
Hyperbaric Versus Isobaric Bupivacaine for Spinal Anesthesia: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis for Adult Patients Undergoing Noncesarean Delivery Surgery
Authors: Uppal Vishal , Retter Susanne , Shanthanna Harsha , Prabhakar Christopher , McKeen Dolores M. 
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUND:
It is widely believed that the choice between isobaric bupivacaine and hyperbaric bupivacaine formulations alters the block characteristics for the conduct of surgery under spinal anesthesia. The aim of this study was to systematically review the comparative evidence regarding the effectiveness and safety of the 2 formulations when used for spinal anesthesia for adult noncesarean delivery surgery.

METHODS:
Key electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials, excluding cesarean delivery surgeries under spinal anesthesia, without any language or date restrictions. The primary outcome measure for this review was the failure of spinal anesthesia. Two independent reviewers selected the studies and extracted the data. Results were expressed as relative risk (RR) or mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

RESULTS:
Seven hundred fifty-one studies were identified between 1946 and 2016. After screening, there were 16 randomized controlled clinical trials, including 724 participants, that provided data for the meta-analysis. The methodological reporting of most studies was poor, and appropriate judgment of their individual risk of bias elements was not possible. There was no difference between the 2 drugs regarding the need for conversion to general anesthesia (RR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.08–4.41; P = .62; I
2 = 0%), incidence of hypotension (RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.69–1.92; P = .58; I
2 = 0%), nausea/vomiting (RR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.06–1.32; P = .11; I
2 = 7%), or onset of sensory block (MD = 1.7 minutes; 95% CI, −3.5 to 0.1; P = .07; I
2 = 0%). The onset of motor block (MD = 4.6 minutes; 95% CI, 7.5–1.7; P = .002; I
2 = 78%) was significantly faster with hyperbaric bupivacaine. Conversely, the duration of motor (MD = 45.2 minutes; 95% CI, 66.3–24.2; P < .001; I
2 = 87%) and sensory (MD = 29.4 minutes; 95% CI, 15.5–43.3; P < .001; I
2 = 73%) block was longer with isobaric bupivacaine.

CONCLUSIONS:
Both hyperbaric bupivacaine and isobaric bupivacaine provided effective anesthesia with no difference in the failure rate or adverse effects. The hyperbaric formulation allows for a relatively rapid motor block onset, with shorter duration of motor and sensory block. The isobaric formulation has a slower onset and provides a longer duration of both sensory and motor block. Nevertheless, the small sample size and high heterogeneity involving these outcomes suggest that all the results should be treated with caution.
Bmp signaling maintains a mesoderm progenitor cell state in the mouse tailbud
Authors: Sharma Richa , Shafer Maxwell E. R. , Bareke Eric , Tremblay Mathieu , Majewski Jacek , Bouchard Maxime 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
Caudal somites are generated from a pool of progenitor cells located in the tailbud region. These progenitor cells form the presomitic mesoderm that gradually differentiates into somites under the action of the segmentation clock. The signals responsible for tailbud mesoderm progenitor pool maintenance during axial elongation are still elusive. Here, we show that Bmp signaling is sufficient to activate the entire mesoderm progenitor gene signature in primary cultures of caudal mesoderm cells. Bmp signaling acts through the key regulatory genes brachyury (T) and Nkx1-2 and contributes to the activation of several other regulators of the mesoderm progenitor gene network. In the absence of Bmp signaling, tailbud mesoderm progenitor cells acquire aberrant gene expression signatures of the heart, blood, muscle and skeletal embryonic lineages. Treatment of embryos with the Bmp inhibitor noggin confirmed the requirement for Bmp signaling for normal T expression and the prevention of abnormal lineage marker activation. Together, these results identify Bmp signaling as a non-cell-autonomous signal necessary for mesoderm progenitor cell homeostasis.