bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining In Situ and Satellite Observations to Retrieve Salinity and Density at the Ocean Surface
Authors: Droghei R. , Nardelli B. Buongiorno , Santoleri R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMonitoring sea surface density (SSD), sea surface salinity (SSS), and sea surface temperature (SST) allows for investigating important aspects of the earth system dynamics, with relevant implications on both local/regional short-scale processes and global climate. Different approaches combine in situ measurements and satellite data to provide gap-free SSS at regular spatial and temporal resolution, aiming to resolve ocean mesoscale. Depending on the application, however, knowing SSD would be more useful than SSS and/or SST alone. Indeed, even if density can be obtained by combining SSS and SST maps at the same nominal resolution, this procedure can lead to spurious features and larger errors when SSS and SST are obtained from different observations and interpolation techniques, especially at the mesoscale. A multidimensional covariance model is applied to interpolate either in situ salinity or in situ density measurements and to build dynamically coherent surface fields, using satellite SST differences as an additional parameter in the optimal estimate. SSS/SSD level 4 (L4) maps are reconstructed over the North Atlantic area, analyzing one month of data. The L4 data are validated using data from the first Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study (SPURS-1) field campaign. The root-mean-square error (RMSE) ranges between 0.03 and 0.13 for the SSS L4 data, and between 0.09 and 0.32 kg m−3 for the SSD L4 data, with improvements of up to 20% with respect to standard products. A holdout validation provides similar values for the SSS RMSE (0.13 ÷ 0.17) and the SSD RMSE (0.13 ÷ 0.17 kg m−3). The limitations and advantages of the two approaches are further discussed and analyzed by looking at spatial wavenumber spectra, showing that the multidimensional optimum interpolation (OI) method significantly increases the L4 effective resolution.
Spray Underwater Glider Operations
Authors: Rudnick Daniel L. , Davis Russ E. , Sherman Jeffrey T. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractOperational statistics for the Spray underwater glider are presented to demonstrate capabilities for sustained observations. An underwater glider is an autonomous device that profiles vertically by changing buoyancy and flies horizontally on wings. The focus has been on sustained observations of boundary currents to take advantage of the glider’s small size, which allows it to be deployed and recovered from small vessels close to land, and the fine horizontal resolution delivered by the glider, which is scientifically desirable in boundary regions. Since 2004, Spray underwater gliders have been deployed for over 28 000 days, traveling over 560 000 km, and delivering over 190 000 profiles. More than 10 gliders, on average, have been in the water since 2012. Statistics are given in the form of histograms for 297 completed glider missions of longer than 5 days. The statistics include mission duration, number of dives, distance over ground, and horizontal and vertical distance through water. A discussion of problems, losses, and short missions includes a survival analysis. The most extensive work was conducted in the California Current system, where observations on three across-shorelines have been sustained, with 97% coverage since 2009. While the authors have certain advantages as developers and builders of the Spray underwater glider and Spray may have design and construction advantages, they believe these statistics are a sound basis for optimism about the widespread future of gliders in oceanographic observing.
A model-based adaptive method for evaluating the energy impact of low delta-T syndrome in complex HVAC systems using support vector regression
Authors: Gao Dian-ce , Wang Shengwei , Gang Wenjie , Xiao Fu 
Published: April 2016

Low delta-T syndrome refers to the situation where the measured differential temperature of the overall terminal air-handling units is much lower than the normal value expected. It widely exists in the existing heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning systems and results in increased energy consumption. This paper presents a model-based method to evaluate the energy impact on the chilled water pumps due to the low delta-T syndrome in a complex chilled water system. When the low delta-T syndrome occurs, the chilled water pumps would deviate from their normal working conditions with increased power consumption. Models are developed to predict the reference benchmarks of the chilled water pump power based on the current cooling load, control rules, and preset set-points. The energy impact on the chilled water pumps can be determined by comparing the measured current pump power with the predicted benchmark. Support vector regression method is introduced for predicting the chilled water flow rate of the overall terminal units. Adaptive concept is employed to enhance the prediction accuracy of the overall pressure drop of the hydraulic water network under various working conditions. The proposed method is tested and validated in a dynamic simulation platform built based on a real complex heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning system. Results show that the proposed method can accurately evaluate the impact of the low delta-T syndrome on energy consumption of the chilled water pumps. Practical application: Low delta-T syndrome widely exists in existing HVAC systems and results in increased energy consumption. This paper presents a model-based method for practical applications in assessing the energy impact on the chilled water pumps due to the low delta-T syndrome in a complex chilled water system. When the low delta-T syndrome occurs in a system, this method can be used to predict the reference benchmark of energy use of chilled water pumps based on the measured cooling load profiles, the control rules used, and the preset set-points. The energy impact can be determined by comparing the measured actual energy consumption with the predicted benchmark. The evaluation results could help the operators to conveniently monitor the energy performance of the chilled water distribution system as well as to judge whether or not taking measures to identify and correct the related faults that result in the low delta-T syndrome.
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Has Negative Effects on Taste and Smell Functions
Authors: Altundag Aytug , Cayonu Melih , Salihoglu Murat , Yazıcı Hasmet , Kurt Onuralp , Yalcınkaya Esin , Saglam Omer 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveWe evaluated the halimetric, olfactory, and taste functions of patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR).Study DesignProspective clinical study.SettingMulticenter tertiary care hospital.MethodsPatients who were diagnosed with LPR for the first time on the basis of a Reflux Finding Score (RFS) >11 and a Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) >13 were enrolled in this study. A control group was selected from patients without a complaint of LPR. OralChroma was used for the halimetric measurement; Sniffin’ Sticks were used for the smelling test; Taste Strips were used for the taste test; and monosodium L‐glutamate was used for the umami test.ResultsA total of 110 subjects were included, with a mean age of 36.8 ± 10 years (range, 19‐57 years). The differences in odor threshold scores were significant between the groups (P <. 001), but no change was detected for the odor identification or discrimination scores between the groups. Bitter taste scores were significantly diminished in the reflux group compared with those in the control group (P =. 001), whereas no impairments were found in the other taste scores (sweet, salty, and sour). The reflux group had significantly higher umami taste scores than those of the control group for the posterior tongue and soft palate anatomic sites (P <. 001 and P <. 001, respectively). Dimethyl sulfite levels were significantly higher in the reflux group than in the control (P =. 001).ConclusionQuestioning patients who present with halitosis, taste, or smelling disorders is important to diagnose LPR.
Pediatric Oral Electrical Burns
Authors: Umstattd Lauren A. , Chang C. W. David 
Published: April 2016

ObjectivesTo investigate the epidemiology of emergency department visits for pediatric patients presenting with electrical burns to the mouth.Study DesignCross‐sectional analysis of a national database.SettingNational Electronic Injury Surveillance System Database.Subjects and MethodsThe Consumer Product Safety Commission’s National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database was used to derive a national weighted estimate of emergency department visits for oral electrical burns and was queried for each patient’s age, sex, race, local of incidence, disposition, and related consumer product.ResultsThere were an estimated 1042 emergency department visits for pediatric oral electrical burns from 1997 to 2012, or an average of approximately 65.1 cases per year. A total of 59.6% of patients were male. Nearly half of emergency department visits involved patients <3 years of age, and more than three‐fourths of emergency department visits involved patients <5 years of age. A total of 77.2% of patients were examined, treated, and released from the emergency department, while 19.2% were admitted to the hospital. Most injuries involved electrical outlets or receptacles (10.8%), extension cords (18.5%), and electrical wires (21.5%).ConclusionEarlier incidence estimates of pediatric oral electrical burns varied substantially within the literature and varied from small case reports to single‐year studies. Our multiyear data analysis provides evidence of decreasing annual incidence when compared with historical estimates for a common but potentially morbid injury among the pediatric population.
Pediatric Posttonsillectomy Hemorrhage
Authors: Harounian Jonathan A. , Schaefer Eric , Schubart Jane , Carr Michele M. 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveTo examine variations in management of pediatric posttonsillectomy hemorrhage and associated costs from a national third‐party payer perspective.Study DesignThe MarketScan database was analyzed for claims made for 30 days following tonsillectomy/adenotonsillectomy between 2008 and 2012 for privately insured children aged 1 to 17 years. Costs for management of postoperative hemorrhage by age, sex, and region were calculated in addition to total costs incurred for 30 days postoperatively.SettingMarketScan database.Subjects and MethodsDatabase study.ResultsA total of 305,860 children were included. Overall, 0.3% had a postoperative bleed that required treatment but not surgical intervention or admission for hospitalization; 0.2% had one that required hospitalization; and 0.8% had one that required surgical intervention. The mean 30‐day costs were $7660 for postoperative bleed that required surgery or hospitalization, $4580 for outpatient treatment, and $370 for no postoperative bleed. Children between 11 and 17 years old were most likely to have interventions for postoperative bleeding but had the lowest mean costs for them ($7320 for hospital based, $3860 for outpatient). There were regional differences in costs for in‐patient management of bleeds, with highest costs in the West, with a mean of $8850, versus the South, with a mean of $7160.ConclusionsThere are geographic and demographic variations in managing pediatric posttonsillectomy hemorrhage and in the costs associated with management on a national level.
Informed Consent in Pediatric Otolaryngology
Authors: Pianosi Kiersten , Gorodzinsky Ayala Y. , Chorney Jill MacLaren , Corsten Gerard , Johnson Liane B. , Hong Paul 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveTo evaluate parental recall of surgical risks and benefits in pediatric otolaryngology and to assess for factors that may influence recall.Study DesignProspective cohort study.SettingAcademic pediatric otolaryngology clinic.Subjects and MethodsEighty‐four parents of children <6 years of age who underwent consultation for adeno/tonsillectomy and/or tympanostomy tube insertion were prospectively enrolled. Consultation visits were video recorded and the benefits and risks of surgery documented. Two weeks following the consultation, parents were contacted for assessment of recall of information discussed during the consultation.ResultsOverall, parents recalled only one‐third of the risks of surgery mentioned by the surgeons. Parents were significantly more likely to recall the benefits of surgery as opposed to the risks (P <. 001). Nine parents (10.7%) reported that no benefits were discussed during the consultation, and 10 (11.9%) reported no mention of any risks. Inconsistencies were present in which risks and benefits were mentioned by the providers. Parents who decided to proceed with surgery (58.3%) were significantly less likely to recall the surgical risks than those who did not (P <. 001). The specific surgeon involved, the number of caregivers present, parental education level, and prior surgical history did not influence recall.ConclusionParental recall of benefits and risks associated with common pediatric otolaryngology procedures was poor. This information is important because a low rate of recall may influence parents’ perspectives of the procedure and could alter their decision‐making processes or expectations. Methods to improve parental recall should be further studied.
Correlates of Attempted Suicide from the Emergency Room of 2 General Hospitals in Montreal, Canada
Authors: Rahme Elham , Low Nancy C. P. , Lamarre Suzanne , Daneau Diane , Habel Youssef , Turecki Gustavo , Bonin Jean-Pierre , Morin Suzanne , Szkrumelak Nadia , Singh Santokh , Lesage Alain 
Published: April 2016

Introduction: The epidemiology of attempted suicide has not been well characterized because of lack of national data or an International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code for suicide attempts. We conducted a retrospective chart review in 2 adult general hospitals (tertiary and community) in Montreal, Canada, in 2009-2010 to 1) describe the characteristics of men and women who presented to the emergency department (ED) and/or were hospitalized following a suicide attempt, 2) identify factors associated with attempts requiring hospitalizations, and 3) validate the use of International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes for “intentional self-harm” as a method to detect suicide attempts from hospital abstract summary records. Method: All potential suicide attempts were identified from hospital abstract summary records and ED nursing triage file using ICD-10 codes and keywords suggestive of suicide attempts. All identified charts were examined, and those with confirmed suicide attempts were fully reviewed. Results: Of the 5746 identified charts, 369 were fully reviewed. Of these, 176 were for suicide attempters treated in the ED and 193 for hospitalized attempters, of whom 46% had an ICD-10 code for intentional self-harm. Poisoning (46%) was the most frequent method of suicide used. Half of attempters were younger than 34 years, 53% were female, and 75% had a history of mental disorders. Conclusion: About half of individuals who seek medical care for attempted suicide are admitted to hospital. About half of attempters use poisoning as a method of suicide, and a quarter do not have a history of mental disorders. Intentional self-harm codes capture only about half of hospitalized attempters.
Laparoscopic versus Open Surgery for Acute Adhesive Small-Bowel Obstruction: A Propensity Score–Matched Analysis
Authors: Hackenberg T. , Mentula P. , Leppäniemi A. , Sallinen V. 
Published: April 2016

Background and Aims: The laparoscopic approach has been increasingly used to treat adhesive small-bowel obstruction. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of a laparoscopic versus an open approach for adhesive small-bowel obstruction. Material and Methods: Data were retrospectively collected on patients who had surgery for adhesive small-bowel obstruction at a single academic center between January 2010 and December 2012. Patients with a contraindication for the laparoscopic approach were excluded. A propensity score was used to match patients in the laparoscopic and open surgery groups based on their preoperative parameters. Results: A total of 25 patients underwent laparoscopic adhesiolysis and 67 patients open adhesiolysis. The open adhesiolysis group had more suspected bowel strangulations and more previous abdominal surgeries than the laparoscopic adhesiolysis group. Severe complication rate (Clavien–Dindo 3 or higher) was 0% in the laparoscopic adhesiolysis group versus 14% in the open adhesiolysis group ( p = 0.052). Twenty-five propensity score–matched patients from the open adhesiolysis group were similar to laparoscopic adhesiolysis group patients with regard to their preoperative parameters. Length of hospital stay was shorter in the laparoscopic adhesiolysis group compared to the propensity score–matched open adhesiolysis group (6.0 vs 10.0 days, p = 0.037), but no differences were found in severe complications between the laparoscopic adhesiolysis and propensity score–matched open adhesiolysis groups (0% vs 4%, p = 0.31). Conclusion: Patients selected to be operated by the open approach had higher preoperative morbidity than the ones selected for the laparoscopic approach. After matching for this disparity, the laparoscopic approach was associated with a shorter length of hospital stay without differences in complications. The laparoscopic approach may be a preferable approach in selected patients.
The Effects of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficiency on the Meniscus and Articular Cartilage
Authors: Arner Justin W. , Irvine James N. , Zheng Liying , Gale Tom , Thorhauer Eric , Hankins Margaret , Abebe Ermias , Tashman Scott , Zhang Xudong , Harner Christopher D. 
Published: April 2016

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury increases the risk of meniscus and articular cartilage damage, but the causes are not well understood. Previous in vitro studies were static, required extensive knee dissection, and likely altered meniscal and cartilage contact due to the insertion of pressure sensing devices. Hypothesis: ACL deficiency will lead to increased translation of the lateral meniscus and increased deformation of the medial meniscus as well as alter cartilage contact location, strain, and area. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: With minimally invasive techniques, six 1.0-mm tantalum beads were implanted into the medial and lateral menisci of 6 fresh-frozen cadaveric knees. Dynamic stereo x-rays (DSXs) were obtained during dynamic knee flexion (from 15° to 60°, simulating a standing squat) with a 46-kg load in intact and ACL-deficient states. Knee kinematics, meniscal movement and deformation, and cartilage contact were compared by novel imaging coregistration. Results: During dynamic knee flexion from 15° to 60°, the tibia translated 2.6 mm ( P = .05) more anteriorly, with 2.3° more internal rotation ( P = .04) with ACL deficiency. The medial and lateral menisci, respectively, translated posteriorly an additional 0.7 mm ( P = .05) and 1.0 mm ( P = .03). Medial and lateral compartment cartilage contact location moved posteriorly (2.0 mm [ P = .05] and 2.0 mm [ P = .04], respectively). Conclusion: The lateral meniscus showed greater translation with ACL deficiency compared with the medial meniscus, which may explain the greater incidences of acute lateral meniscus tears and chronic medial meniscus tears. Furthermore, cartilage contact location moved further posteriorly than that of the meniscus in both compartments, possibly imparting more meniscal stresses that may lead to early degeneration. This new, minimally invasive, dynamic in vitro model allows the study of meniscus function and cartilage contact and can be applied to evaluate different pathologies and surgical techniques. Clinical Relevance: This novel model illustrates that ACL injury may lead to significant meniscus and cartilage abnormalities acutely, and these parameters are dynamically measurable while maintaining native anatomy.
Analysis and visualization of large networks with program package Pajek
Authors: Mrvar Andrej , Batagelj Vladimir 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPajek is a program package for analysis and visualization of large networks (networks containing up to one billion of vertices, there is no limit—except the memory size—on the number of lines). It has been available for 20 years. The program, documentation and supporting material can be downloaded and used for free for noncommercial use from its web page:http://mrvar.fdv.uni-lj.si/pajek/
Stromal fibroblasts support dendritic cells to maintain IL-23/Th17 responses after exposure to ionizing radiation
Authors: Malecka Anna , Wang Qunwei , Shah Sabaria , Sutavani Ruhcha V , Spendlove Ian , Ramage Judith M , Greensmith Julie , Franks Hester A , Gough Michael J , Saalbach Anja , Patel Poulam M , Jackson Andrew M 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Dendritic cell function is modulated by stromal cells, including fibroblasts. Although poorly understood, the signals delivered through this crosstalk substantially alter dendritic cell biology. This is well illustrated with release of TNF-α/IL-1β from activated dendritic cells, promoting PGE2 secretion from stromal fibroblasts. This instructs dendritic cells to up-regulate IL-23, a key Th17-polarizing cytokine. We previously showed that ionizing radiation inhibited IL-23 production by human dendritic cells in vitro. In the present study, we investigated the hypothesis that dendritic cell-fibroblast crosstalk overcomes the suppressive effect of ionizing radiation to support appropriately polarized Th17 responses. Radiation (1–6 Gy) markedly suppressed IL-23 secretion by activated dendritic cells (P &lt; 0.0001) without adversely impacting their viability and consequently, inhibited the generation of Th17 responses. Cytokine suppression by ionizing radiation was selective, as there was no effect on IL-1β, -6, -10, and -27 or TNF-α and only a modest (11%) decrease in IL-12p70 secretion. Coculture with fibroblasts augmented IL-23 secretion by irradiated dendritic cells and increased Th17 responses. Importantly, in contrast to dendritic cells, irradiated fibroblasts maintained their capacity to respond to TNF-α/IL-1β and produce PGE2, thus providing the key intermediary signals for successful dendritic cell-fibroblasts crosstalk. In summary, stromal fibroblasts support Th17-polarizing cytokine production by dendritic cells that would otherwise be suppressed in an irradiated microenvironment. This has potential ramifications for understanding the immune response to local radiotherapy. These findings underscore the need to account for the impact of microenvironmental factors, including stromal cells, in understanding the control of immunity.