bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of a 3-Minute Standing Stretch on Ankle-Dorsiflexion Range of Motion
Authors: Pratt Kimberly , Bohannon Richard 
Published: August 2016

Context:Stretching exercise regimens are routinely prescribed to increase range of motion (ROM) and diminish injuries.Objective:To examine the effect of a 3-minute passive stretch on ankle-dorsiflexion ROM in a nonpathological population.Setting:University laboratory.Design:Prospective, randomized, controlled study.Participants:24 apparently healthy volunteers.Interventions:Subjects stood with their heels suspended from the edge of a platform. The experimental subjects stretched for 3 minutes on 3 consecutive days.Main Outcome Measures:Passive ankle-dorsiflexion ROM.Results:Ankle-dorsiflexion ROM increased significantly (P < .0005) over the course of each day’s stretch. No significant gains in ankle-dorsiflexion ROM were realized over 3 days.Conclusions:These findings suggest the need for further research to determine the stretching frequency and duration that will result in lasting increases in ankle-dorsiflexion ROM
Traumatic Achilles Tendon Rupture in a Female College Basketball Player
Authors: Davlin Christina , Jenike Jody 
Published: August 2016

Objective:To present the case of a Division I female college basketball player with a complete Achilles tendon rupture.Background:A 19-year-old, female college basketball player ruptured her right Achilles tendon during preseason conditioning. She had no previous history of heel cord symptoms.Treatment:The athlete underwent open surgical repair of Achilles tendon. The athlete successfully progressed through a functional rehabilitation program focused on early mobilization and weight bearing. The rehabilitation program was continually modified to address deficiencies and to keep the athlete actively engaged. She was cleared for full, unrestricted activity 15 weeks and 3 days after surgery and returned to game participation in 16 weeks.Conclusions:This case provides evidence that early mobilization and weight bearing can be used while still protecting the repaired tendon.
Lower Extremity EMG in Male and Female College Soccer Players during Single-Leg Landing
Authors: Garrison J. Craig , Hart Joe M. , Palmieri Riann M. , Kerrigan D. Casey , Ingersoll Christopher D. 
Published: August 2016

Context:Gender differences in muscle activity during landing have been studied as a possible contributing factor to the greater incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in women.Objective:To compare root-mean-square (RMS) electromyography (EMG) of selected lower extremity muscles at initial contact (IC) and at peak knee internal-rotation (IR) moment in men and women during landing.Design:Preexperimental design static-group comparison.Setting:Motion-analysis laboratory.Participants:16 varsity college soccer players (8 men, 8 women).Main Outcome Measures:EMG activity of the gluteus medius, lateral hamstrings, vastus lateralis, and rectus femoris during landing.Results:When RMS EMG of all muscles was considered simultaneously, no significant differences were detected between genders at IC or at peak knee IR moment.Conclusion:Male and female college soccer players display similar relative muscle activities of the lower extremity during landing. Gender landing-control parameters might vary depending on the technique used to analyze muscle activity.
An Electromyographic Analysis of the Cuff Link Rehabilitation Device
Authors: Tucker W. Steven , Armstrong Charles W. , Swartz Erik E. , Campbell Brian M. , Rankin James M. 
Published: August 2016

Context:Closed kinetic chain exercises are reported to provide a more functional rehabilitation outcome.Objective:To determine the amount of muscle activity in 4 shoulder muscles during exercise on the Cuff Link.Design:Repeated measures.Setting:Laboratory.Subjects:10 men and 10 women, age 18–50.Intervention:Subjects performed 3 sets of 5 revolutions on the Cuff Link in non-weight-bearing, partial-weight-bearing, and full-weight-bearing positions.Main Outcome Measures:Electromyography data were collected from the upper trapezius, anterior deltoid, serratus anterior, and pectoralis major and were expressed as percentage of maximal isometric contractions.Results:Significant differences were found across the weight-bearing conditions for all 4 muscles. Exercise on the Cuff Link required minimal to significant amounts of muscle recruitment.Conclusions:Muscle recruitment increases as weight bearing increases during use of the Cuff Link, suggesting an increase in dynamic stabilization of the glenohumeral joint.
Lower Leg Cold Immersion Does Not Impair Dynamic Stability in Healthy Women
Authors: Miniello Susan , Dover Geoffrey , Powers Michael , Tillman Mark , Wikstrom Erik 
Published: August 2016

Context:Previous studies have suggested that cryotherapy affects neuromuscu-lar function and therefore might impair dynamic stability. If cryotherapy affects dynamic stability, clinicians might alter their decisions regarding returning athletes to play immediately after treatment.Objective:To assess the effects of lower leg cold immersion on muscle activity and dynamic stability of the lower extremity.Design:Within-subject time-series design with 1 pretest and 2 posttests.Setting:A climate-controlled biomechanics laboratory.Participants:17 healthy women.Interventions:20-minute cold-water immersion.Main Outcome Measures:Preparatory and reactive electromyographic activity of the tibialis anterior and peroneus longus and time to stabilization after a jump landing.Results:Preparatory activity of the tibialis anterior increased after treatment, whereas preparatory and reactive peroneus longus activity decreased. Both returned to baseline after a 5-minute recovery. Time to stabilization did not change.Conclusions:Lower leg cold-immersion therapy does not impair dynamic stability in healthy women during a jump-landing task. Return to participation after a cryotherapy treatment is not contraindicated for healthy athletes.
The Effect of External Ankle Support on Vertical Ground-Reaction Force and Lower Body Kinematics
Authors: Hodgson Brad , Tis Laurie , Cobb Steven , Higbie Elizabeth 
Published: August 2016

Objective:To examine the effects of external ankle support on vertical ground-reaction forces (VGRF) and kinematic data.Methods:Subjects completed 2 braced and 2 nonbraced 0.61-m hanging drop landings onto a force platform. Kinematic data were collected with 8 digital-optical cameras sampling at 120 Hz.Subjects:12 Division I female volleyball players.Statistical Analysis:A repeated-measures ANOVA with Bonferroni correction (P < .05) was used to determine whether significant differences existed between test conditions for peak VGRF, loading rate, hip angle, knee angle, and ankle angle at right-foot contact for peak 1 and peak 2 of the VGRF curve over the first 100 milliseconds of the landing phase, as well as total hip range of motion (ROM), total knee ROM, and total ankle ROM for the entire landing phase.Results:There were significant increases in peak P1 and LR1 and a significant decrease in ankle-angle change at right-foot contact in braced trials compared with the nonbraced condition.
Hip-Abductor Muscle Performance in Participants after 45 Seconds of Resisted Sidestepping Using an Elastic Band
Authors: Youdas James W. , Loder Erica F. , Moldenhauer Jody L. , Paulsen Christine R. , Hollman John H. 
Published: August 2016

Context:Hip-abductor weakness is associated with many lower extremity injuries. A simple procedure to assess hip-abductor performance is necessary in patient populations.Objective:To describe the change in pelvic-on-femoral position of the stance limb before and after 45 seconds of resisted sidestepping.Design:Cross-sectional comparative.Setting:Laboratory.Participants:24 healthy women (24.6 ± 3.5 years) and 14 healthy men (24.5 ± 3.0 years).Main Outcome Measures:Pelvic-on-femoral position in degrees in single-leg stance before and after 45 seconds of resisted sidestepping.Results:The difference between the baseline and postexercise measurements for both men and women was significant (P< .05). The effect of the resisted-sidestepping exercise on the hip abductors was not statistically different between men and women.Conclusions:Forty-five seconds of resisted sidestepping using an elastic band produced a change in pelvic-on-femoral position in healthy adults. This test might be useful to detect impaired performance in hip abductors of patients with injury elsewhere in the musculoskeletal system.
Views of Chartered Physiotherapists on the Psychological Content of Their Practice: A Follow-Up Survey in the UK
Authors: Arvinen-Barrow Monna , Hemmings Brian , Weigand Daniel , Becker Caryl , Booth Lynn 
Published: August 2016

Objective:To assess, on a national level, the views of chartered physiotherapists with regard to the psychological content of physiotherapy practice.Design:A postal survey to a national list of sport injury and physiotherapy clinics was employed.Participants:A total of 361 responses were included in the descriptive statistical and qualitative analyses.Measurements:The Physiotherapist and Sport Psychology Questionnaire (PSPQ).Results:On average, physiotherapists felt that athletes were psychologically affected 83% of the time when injured. Key psychological characteristics were also identified in athletes who cope/do not cope successfully with their injuries. Physiotherapists reported using psychological techniques in their work and expressed the need for further training in the field. Only 24.1% of the physiotherapists stated having accesses to accredited sport psychologists.Conclusions:Results suggest that UK physiotherapists possess practical experiences and good awareness for psychological aspects of injuries and acknowledge the importance of treating a range of psychological conditions.
Rehabilitation Adherence in Sport Injury: Sport Physiotherapists’ Perceptions
Authors: Niven Ailsa 
Published: August 2016

Context:Athlete’s adherence behavior can influence the outcome of a rehabilitation program.Objective:To draw on sport physiotherapists’ expert knowledge to increase understanding of adherence issues in practice and identify factors that influence adherence and strategies that can be used to enhance adherence.Design:An interview design with inductive content analysis.Participants:Nine (6 women and 3 men) experienced sports physiotherapists.Results:Under-adherence and over-adherence were issues in practice for some practitioners, and adherence was viewed as important for successful recovery from injury. Three higher order themes emerged relating to the influence of athlete characteristics, situational characteristics, and characteristics of the injury and rehabilitation on both facilitating and preventing rehabilitation adherence. Strategies to improve adherence in practice emerged from the data and broadly addressed the key determinants of adherence.Conclusion:Adherence to rehabilitation is influenced by a number of factors and strategies to enhance adherence are identified.
A Case Report of Idiosyncratic Hyperthermia and Review of U.S. Army Heat Stroke Hospitalizations
Authors: Carter Robert , Cheuvront Samuel N. , Sawka Michael N. 
Published: August 2016

Objectives:We report our observations on one soldier with abnormal hyperthermia during exercise in the heat compared with prior exercise and following acute local (non-febrile) infection. Also, we report on 994 heat stroke hospitalizations in the U.S. Army. It is known that prior infection is a risk factor for heat illness and some of the 37 heat stroke deaths cited infections (eg, pneumonia, influenza) in the medical records.Results:This case report illustrates complete recovery from abnormal hyperthermia, which occurred in a laboratory setting during mild, low intensity exercise. In a field setting, this case may have resulted in serious heat illness. As with most of the heat stroke cases, rapid medical attention (ie, cooling and rehydration) and the age group (19 to 26) that represents majority of the heatstroke cases in U.S. Army are likely factors that contribute successful treatment of heatstroke in the field environment.Conclusions:We conclude that acute inflammatory response can augment the hyperthermia of exercise and possibly increase heat illness susceptibility. Furthermore, it is important for health care providers of soldiers and athletes to monitor acute local infections due to the potential thermoregulatory consequences during exercise in the heat.
Tibiofemoral Joint Kinetics during Squatting with Increasing External Load
Authors: Sahli Sonia , Rebai Haithem , Elleuch Mohamed Habib , Tabka Zouheir , Poumarat Georges 
Published: August 2016

Context:There is limited information about the effects of increasing load while squattingObjective:To quantify tibiofemoral joint kinetics during squatting with variable loads.Setting:Research laboratory.Participants:20 male students.Intervention:Tibiofemoral joint kinetics and electromyographic (EMG) activity of four involved muscles were determined by recording the half squat with variable external loads.Main Outcome Measures:Tibiofemoral joint force and external moment components and EMG activity of four involved muscles.Results:Throughout the exercise, a posterior direction for the antero-posterior shear force and a net extension for the external moment were observed. They increased with knee flexion reaching peak force of 29% of the subject body weight (BW) and moment of 88Nm (without external load). All force and moment components and muscle activities increased as the external load increased.Conclusion:These findings suggest that half squat may be safe to use for quadriceps strengthening with very low potential loading on the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Our data can help clinicians choose the appropriate external load.
Effect of Trunk-Muscle Fatigue and Lactic Acid Accumulation on Balance in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Surenkok Ozgur , Kin-Isler Ayse , Aytar Aydan , Gültekin Zuhal 
Published: August 2016

Objective:This study sought to determine the effects of trunk-muscle fatigue and blood lactic acid elevation on static and dynamic balance.Intervention:Fatigue was induced by an isokinetic protocol, and static and dynamic balance were assessed during bilateral stance using a Kinesthetic Ability Trainer. Subjects participated in a fatigue protocol in which continuous concentric movements at 60°/s were performed until the torque output for both trunk flexion and extension dropped below 25% of the calculated peak torque for 3 consecutive movements.Measures:Before and immediately after the fatigue protocol, blood lactic acid measurements and static- and dynamic-balance measurements were recorded.Results:An increase in lactic acid levels was detected in all subjects. According to a dependent-samples t test, significant differences in balance and lactic acid values were found after the fatigue protocol. There was no correlation between lactic acid accumulation (change between prefatigue and postfatigue levels) and balance-score differences.Conclusion:Trunk-muscle fatigue has an adverse effect on static and dynamic balance.
Inside the Clinic: Health Professionals’ Role in Their Clients’ Psychological Rehabilitation
Authors: Tracey Jill 
Published: August 2016

Context:Health professionals (ie, physical therapists, athletic trainers) can play an integral role in the psychological recovery from injury.Objective:To examine health professionals’ perceptions of the roles they play and their influence on the psychological recovery of their clients.Design:A qualitative design using semistructured interviews that were transcribed and analyzed using interpretational analyses to reveal themes.Setting:4 rehabilitation clinics specializing in sport- and physical-activity-related injuries.Participants:18 participants (17 physical therapists, 1 athletic trainer) with a mean age of 36 years.Results:Using thematic coding of the interview data, general-dimension data themes identified were centered on the roles of rapport builder, educator, and communicator. Health professionals perceive that they play important roles in the psychological recovery of their clients in spite of a lack of professional training in psychology and strive to create a caring and supportive environment. Results demonstrate the perceptions of the roles they play and the influence they have on the psychological component of the recovery process.
Lower Extremity Strength and Mechanics during Jumping in Women with Patellofemoral Pain
Authors: Willson John D. , Davis Irene S. 
Published: August 2016

Context:Lower extremity (LE) weakness might be associated with altered mechanics during weight bearing in subjects with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS).Objective:To analyze LE strength, mechanics, and the association between these variables among women with and without PFPS during a simulated athletic task.Design:Case control.Setting:Motion-analysis laboratory.Subjects:20 women with PFPS and 20 healthy women.Main Outcome Measures:Peak isometric lateral trunk-flexion, hip-abduction, hip external-rotation, knee-flexion, and knee-extension strength, as well as hip- and knee-joint excursions and angular impulses during single-leg jumps.Results:PFPS subjects produced less hip-abduction, hip external-rotation, and trunk lateral-flexion force than the control group. The PFPS group also demonstrated greater hip-adduction excursion and hip-abduction impulses. The association between the strength measurements and LE mechanics was low.Conclusions:Women with PFPS demonstrate specific weaknesses and altered LE mechanics. Weakness is not, however, highly correlated with observed differences in mechanics.
Laboratory Gait Analysis in Patients with Low Back Pain before and after a Pilates Intervention
Authors: da Fonseca Juliana Limba , Magini Marcio , de Freitas Thais Helena 
Published: August 2016

Objective:To evaluate the influence of pain on vertical ground-reaction force (VGRF) in patients with low back problems and the effect of the Pilates method on the gait of these patients.Design:A single-blind randomized controlled trial.Participants:28 individuals assigned to a control group (n = 11) and a low-back group (n = 17), the latter of which was subdivided into a Pilates group (n = 8) and a no-Pilates group (n = 9).Intervention:The Pilates group undertook 15 sessions of Pilates.Main Outcome Measures:The VGRF parameters were recorded during preferred and faster walking speeds. The data were collected before and after the intervention.Results:The weight-acceptance rate and push-off rate were significantly less in the right lower limb of low-back group than of the control group at preferred speed. Improvements were seen in the Pilates group postintervention, with increased middle-support force for the left lower limb at faster walking speed and decreased pain; this did not occur in the no-Pilates group.Conclusions:These results suggest that patients with low back pain use strategies to attenuate the amount of force imposed on their body. The Pilates method can improve weight discharge in gait and reduce pain compared with no intervention.
Electroacupuncture-Enhanced Differentiation of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells into Neuronal Cells
Authors: Sun Zhongren , Li Xiaoning , Su Zhiqiang , Zhao Ying , Zhang Li , Wu Mingyuan 
Published: August 2016

Context:Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) can be differentiated into neuronal cells and are used to treat spinal cord injury (SCI).Objective:This study investigated whether electroacupuncture enhances BMSC’s effects on SCI in rats.Design:The effects of transplantation of phosphate-buffered saline or BMSC, electroacupuncture, and a combination of BMSC transplantation and electroacupuncture on SCI were evaluated using a combined behavioral score (CBS). Expressions of neuronal marker neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and gliocyte-specific marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) of transplanted BMSC were detected using immunohistochemistry to assess the effect of electroacupuncture on differentiation of BMSC into neuronal cells.Results:The combination of BMSC transplantation and electroacupuncture significantly alleviated CBS in rats with SCI compared with the separate treatment of BMSC or electroacupuncture. In addition, electroacupuncture increased the NSE- and GFAP-positive transplanted BMSCs in spinal cord.Conclusion:Combined treatment showed a better effect, and the mechanisms may be partially caused by enhanced differentiation of BMSC into neuronal cells. Future studies are needed to confirm this.
Hydration Status, Sweat Rates, and Rehydration Education of Youth Football Campers
Authors: McDermott Brendon P. , Casa Douglas J. , Yeargin Susan W. , Ganio Matthew S. , Lopez Rebecca M. , Mooradian Elizabeth A. 
Published: August 2016

Context:Previous field research has not identified sweat rates (SR), fluid consumption (FC), or the efficacy of an educational intervention (EI) for youth during football camp.Objective:To measure hydration status and rehydration performance and examine EI using these data.Design:Observational with EI randomized comparison.Participants:Thirty-three boys (mean ± SD: 12 ± 2 y, 52.9 ± 13.6 kg, 156 ± 12 cm) volunteered during a 5-d camp with 3 (~2-h) sessions per day (WBGT: 25.6 ± 0.5°C).Main Outcome Measures:Hydration status, SR, and FC.Results:Urine osmolality averaged 796 ± 293 mOsm/L for days 2-5. Game SR (1.30 ± 0.57 L/h) was significantly greater than practice SR (0.65 ± 0.35 L/h; P = .002). Subjects dehydrated during free time but matched fluid losses with FC (0.76 ± 0.29 L/h) during football activities.Conclusions:Subjects arrived at camp hypohydrated and maintained this condition. They matched FC and SR during, but dehydrated when not playing, football. This may impair recovery and subsequent performance. Hydration EI seemed to have a positive influence on hydration practices.
Insulin-Sensitivity Response to a Single Bout of Resistive Exercise in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Jimenez Carolyn , Santiago Mayra , Sitler Michael , Boden Guenther , Homko Carol 
Published: August 2016

Context:Little is known about the acute effects of resistance exercise on insulin sensitivity in people with type 1 diabetes.Design:Repeated-measures design with 2 independent variables: group (exercise and nonexercise control) and time (preexercise and 12 and 36 h postexercise).Setting:General Clinical Research Center, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA.Patients:14 physically active subjects (11 men and 3 women) with type 1 diabetes.Intervention:The exercise group completed 5 sets of 6 repetitions of strenuous (80% 1-RM) quadriceps and hamstring exercises while the control group performed only activities of daily Living.Main Outcome Measures:Insulin sensitivity was assessed with the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic-clamp technique preexercise and 12 and 36 h postexercise.Results:Insulin-sensitivity values were not significantly different between the exercise and control groups (P = .92) or over time (P = .67).Conclusions:A single bout of strenuous resistance exercise does not alter insulin sensitivity in people with type 1 diabetes.