bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ERN eUROGEN Guidelines on the Management of Anorectal Malformations Part III: Lifelong Follow-up and Transition of Care
Authors: Aubert Ophelia , Irvine Willemijn F.E. , Aminoff Dalia , de Blaauw Ivo , Cascio Salvatore , Cretolle Célia , Iacobelli Barbara Daniela , Lacher Martin , Mantzios Konstantinos , Miserez Marc , Sarnacki Sabine , Schmiedeke Eberhard , Schwarzer Nicole , Sloots Cornelius , Stenström Pernilla , Midrio Paola , Gosemann Jan-Hendrik 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Introduction Anorectal malformations (ARMs) are complex congenital anomalies of the anorectal region, oftentimes also affecting the genitourinary system. Although successful surgical correction can often be achieved in the neonatal period, many children will experience functional problems in the long term. The European Reference Network for rare and complex urogenital conditions (eUROGEN) assembled a panel of experts to address these challenges and develop comprehensive guidelines for the management of ARM.
Methods The Dutch Quality Standard for ARM served as the foundation for the development of guidelines applicable on a European level. Literature was searched in Medline, Embase, and Cochrane. The ADAPTE method was utilized to incorporate the newest available evidence. A panel of 15 experts from 7 European countries assessed currency, acceptability, and applicability of recommendations. Recommendations from the Dutch Quality Standard were adapted, adopted, or rejected and recommendations were formed considering the current evidence and/or expert consensus.
Results Lifelong follow-up, integration, and transition of care were assessed. A total of eight new studies were identified. The panel adapted 18 recommendations, adopted 6, and developed 6 de novo. Overall, the level of evidence was considered low.
Conclusion Successful lifelong follow-up and transition of care require a dedicated team of pediatric and adult specialist and an individually tailored patient-centered approach. This guideline summarizes the best available evidence on follow-up of ARM patients and provides guidance for the development of structured transition programs.
Determination of a small elliptical anomaly in electrical impedance tomography using minimal measurements
Authors: Chen Gaoming , Santosa Fadil , Titi Aseel 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We consider the problem of determining a small elliptical conductivity anomaly in a unit disc from boundary measurements. The conductivity of the anomaly is assumed to be a small perturbation from the constant background. A measurement of voltage across two point-electrodes on the boundary through which a constant current is passed. We further assume the limiting case when the distance between two electrodes go to zero, creating a dipole field. We show that three such measurements suffice to locate the anomaly size and location inside the disc. Two further measurements are needed to obtain the aspect ratio and the orientation of the ellipse. The investigation includes the studies of the stability of the inverse problem and optimal experiment design.
Normalizing flow regularization for photoacoustic tomography
Authors: Wang Chao , Thiery Alexandre H 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Proper regularization is crucial in inverse problems to achieve high-quality reconstruction, even with an ill-conditioned measurement system. This is particularly true for three-dimensional photoacoustic tomography (PAT), which is computationally demanding and requires rapid scanning, often leading to incomplete measurements. Deep neural networks, known for their efficiency in handling big data, are anticipated to be adept at extracting underlying information from images sharing certain characteristics, such as specific types of natural or medical images. We introduce a normalizing flow-based regularization (NFR) method designed to reconstruct images from incomplete and noisy measurements. The method involves training a normalizing flow network to understand the statistical distribution of sample images by mapping them to Gaussian distributions. This well-trained network then acts as a regularization tool within a Bayesian inversion framework. Additionally, we explore the concept of adaptive regularization selection, providing theoretical proof of its admissibility. A significant challenge in three-dimensional image training is the extensive memory and computation requirements. We address this by training the normalizing flow model using only small-size images and applying a patch-based model for reconstructing larger images. Our approach is model-independent, allowing the reuse of a well-trained network as regularization for various imaging systems. Moreover, as a data-driven prior, NFR effectively leverages the available dataset information, outperforming artificial priors. This advantage is demonstrated through numerical simulations of three-dimensional PAT under various conditions of sparsity, noise levels, and limited-view scenarios.
A high-performance compact WR-4 orthomode transducer for wideband communications
Authors: Zhang Xiaojian , Yang Hao , Zhou Ren , He Yue , Huang Kun , Cen Jina , Tian Yaoling , Jiang Jun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper presents the design, fabrication and performance evaluation of a compact orthomode transducer (OMT) optimized for wideband communications. The OMT developed in this work features a circular waveguide as its common port, ensuring direct compatibility with receivers such as horn antennas, meanwhile enabling dual-polarization capabilities. The operational frequency spectrum of the OMT spans the entire WR-4 band (170 GHz–260 GHz), achieving reflection coefficients surpassing 20 dB and port isolation better than 60 dB, as validated through electromagnetic simulations. To evaluate performance of the fabricated OMT in a practical dual-polarization system, the OMT is utilized as the feed source for a horn antenna to realize a dual-polarized horn antenna system. The results demonstrate that the antenna incorporating the OMT exhibits superior performance, with average reflection coefficients close to 25 dB and port isolation exceeding 40 dB for overall operational band. These results indicate that the OMT developed in this work successfully meets the demanding requirements for polarization multiplexing in wideband dual-polarized receiver systems.
Explanation of puzzling FQHE at the filling fraction 3/4 in a band-hole 2D system in GaAs
Authors: Jacak J E 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A recent experiment revealed an unexpected FQHE at filling fraction 3/4 in a GaAs 2D hole system, which contradicts the composite fermion model prediction and the observation of a compressible Hall metal-type state in a twin 2D electron system in GaAs at the same filling fraction 3/4 at almost same other conditions. This finding challenges conventional effective single-quasiparticle model for FQHE exposing its limitations. We explain this experimental observation within a multiparticle approach based on a topological cyclotron commensurability criterion. This allows to generalize Laughlin function for filling fractions from the complete FQHE hierarchy including observable FQHE states at even denominator fractions. The topological multiparticle approach helps to decipher a structure of composite fermions and provides their generalization for so-called enigmatic states including even denominator filling fractions, and also for quantum fractional Hall-type behavior in Chern topological insulators without a magnetic field.
A novel rehabilitation action recognition approach using AF-LiteFormer from millimeter wave radar
Authors: Yi Jiangang , Zou Hongfeng , Yuan Rui , Gao Jun , Fu Shiyu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Rehabilitation action recognition is a hot research topic in the medical field, which serves as the foundation for achieving remote healthcare, unsupervised exercise, intelligent home healthcare, and possesses extensive application value. Currently, vision-based action recognition methods are susceptible to limitations imposed by factors such as range of motion and environmental lighting during human motion capture. Due to its ability to effectively protect patient privacy and its immunity to lighting conditions, this paper proposed a millimeter-wave radar-based rehabilitation action recognition system, AF-LiteFormer. Firstly, EfficientFormerV2 is employed as the baseline, then a Lite-MSLA-FFN block-and-layer is designed to replace MHSA in EfficientFormerV2, which improves the diversity of attention and reduces computational complexity. Meanwhile, a Lite-Subsample block-and-layer is designed to replace the dual-path downsampling part that composed of attention downsampling and stride attention to realize global modeling and multi-scale learning. Secondly, the iterative attention feature fusion mechanism is introduced to learn rich feature representation for improving the recognition accuracy of rehabilitation actions. Finally, the effectiveness of the AF-LiteFormer model is validated on a self-collected rehabilitation action dataset and a publicly available micro-Doppler dataset. Experimental results show that the overall performance of the AF-LiteFormer model is better than the state-of-the-art models, the recognition accuracy of rehabilitation actions is as high as 99.7%, and it has strong generalization ability.
An iterative learning-based integrated motion planning and control method for autonomous patrolling of unmanned surface vehicles
Authors: Tang Yun , Wu Fei , Gong Xinle , Chen Chao , Liu Hongliang , Ma Jie , Qin Yi , Pu Huayan , Luo Jun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The minimization of maritime patrol durations and the optimization of patrol trajectories are still a prevailing challenge for autonomous navigation of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs). In this paper, we propose an integrated trajectory planning and control method to achieve time-optimal autonomous patrol of USVs by a data-efficient iterative learning-based predictive control algorithm. We build the optimization problem of the algorithm by introducing a local cost and a local safe constraint set for closed-loop efficient data-driven learning. To guarantee recursive feasibility, stability and convergence properties of the optimization algorithm at each iteration, the local cost and the local constraint set are designed and update iteratively using the historical vehicle states at previous iterations as a dataset. Different from traditional optimization methods, the proposed method does not require a reference path. The cost function of the optimization method decreases monotonically and converge to obtain a time-optimal control law for trajectory planning and tracking of USVs only after several iterations. The proposed approach is validated on the robotic operation system in typical maritime patrol scenarios. The results show that the proposed method implement a 5% reduction of patrol time, fewer lateral track errors, and smoother trajectories compared to the traditional MPC algorithm under water flow conditions. In addition, Enhancements in patrol operation efficiency of USVs are achieved by the algorithm, even under the constraints of varied patrol paths, attesting to its versatility.
Research on power metering method for nonlinear loads in power system based on improved S-transform
Authors: Li Long , Li Rui , Qu Guang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Traditional power metering algorithms are no longer suitable for new power systems to address the issue of distorted voltage and current waveforms caused by a growing number of nonlinear loads in modern power systems. The paper proposes a power-metering algorithm based on an Improved Stockwell Transform (IST). Based on the Stockwell transform, several parameters that can control the Gaussian window are introduced to improve the flexibility of the Gaussian window. Additionally, the inequality constraint based on the energy concentration measure is used to optimally select the best window parameters, enhancing the time–frequency domain analysis capability of the IST. The study uses IST to decompose and reconstruct the voltage and current fundamental characteristic signals and distortion characteristic signals in the power system. This provides good time resolution at low frequencies and good frequency-domain resolution at high frequencies. Power metering based on unsteady voltage and current is achieved by calculating the resulting fundamental and harmonic powers, respectively. The simulation results demonstrate that the IST-based power metering method has a higher level of accuracy than the existing metering methods.
Suppression of the interference fading in heterodyne Φ-OTDR with fast signal synthesis algorithm
Authors: Xu Deyu , Yu Feihong , Liu Shuaiqi , Gu Huaxin , Chen Xingwei , Zhang Jingming , Mu Qi , Yang Xiongji , Zhang Haifeng , Shao Liyang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
With the increasing diversity of application scenarios, there is a growing demand for distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) systems to monitor the environment without false alarms. In DAS system based on phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR), interference fading significantly lead to a large number of false alarms in the system, which affecting the system’s monitoring capability. Before the phase demodulation process, Φ-OTDR system generally requires additional time for interference fading suppression. Therefore, the rapid acquisition of a fading-free signal before phase demodulation benefits the use of Φ-OTDR in real-time demanding scenarios. In this paper, based on the time-domain stitching and complex-field moving average, a fast signal synthesis (FSS) algorithm is proposed, enabling the quick synthesis of signals while maintaining fading suppression performance. Experimental results show that the signal intensity obtained by FSS algorithm fluctuates within 27 dB, while the intensity of the conventional denoising algorithm fluctuates more than 50 dB. Meanwhile, this method is more rapid than the rotated-vector-sum (RVS) algorithm, and the time consumption of signal synthesis is only 26.58% of that of the RVS algorithm. FSS algorithm provides a new and faster way to synthesize signals for interference fading suppression. Benefiting from this, FSS algorithm further improves the real-time performance of the Φ-OTDR system.
Heteroatom doped graphitic carbon nanotubes as freestanding anodes for advanced potassium-ion batteries
Authors: Liu Jiaqi , Wu Hanfeng , Tang Jiping , Jiang Le , Wang Zhenhan , Yuan Yongjun , Bai Wangfeng , Shi Xiaowei , Wu Shiting 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Owing to its higher earth element reserve and similar chemical properties to lithium, potassium ion batteries (PIBs) have been regarded as a potential alternative to lithium-ion batteries. And considering the relatively larger ionic radius of potassium, available electrode materials need to be equipped with enough space for volume expansion during charge–discharge cycles, thus graphitic carbon nanomaterials with adjustable layer spacing gradually come into researcher’s version. Here with copper nanowires serving as growth template and organic polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) providing carbon source, freestanding and ultra-light graphitic carbon nanotube (GCNT) aerogels were simply assembled and annealed, which were directly used as anodes of PIBs. Annealing parameters (temperature and atmosphere) were adapted to regulate the lattice order and interlayer spacing of GCNTs, and N, O heteroatoms derived from PVP were directly doped into the carbon lattice during thermal annealing, to optimize and enhance the cycle capacity and rate performance of GCNT anodes. The electrochemical potassium storage mechanism of GCNTs was also quantitatively analyzed. Most of the potassium ions are reversibly stored by squeezing into and escaping from the carbon lattice, and simultaneously oxygen-containing functional groups with different chemical states also offer active redox sites and dedicate partial capacity. Therefore, our assembled GCNTs with large lumen are expected to sandwich-like load with active substances efficiently, further constructing next-generation PIBs with excellent performance.
Non-radiative recombination centres in InGaN/GaN nanowires revealed by statistical analysis of cathodoluminescence intensity maps and electron microscopy
Authors: Quach Anh My Nhat , Rochat Névine , Rouvière Jean-Luc , Napierala Jérôme , Daudin Bruno 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The methodology of statistical analysis of cathodoluminescence (CL) intensity mappings on ensembles of several hundreds of InGaN/GaN nanowires (NWs) used to quantify non-radiative recombination centres (NRCs) was validated on InGaN/GaN NWs exhibiting spatially homogeneous cathodoluminescence at the scale of single NWs. Cathodoluminescence intensity variations obeying Poisson’s statistics were assigned to the presence of randomly incorporated point defects acting as NRCs. Additionally, another type of NRCs, namely extended defects leading to spatially inhomogeneous cathodoluminescence intensity at the scale of single InGaN/GaN NWs are revealed by high resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy, geometrical phase analysis and two-beam diffraction conditions techniques. Such defects are responsible for deviations from Poisson’s statistics, allowing one to achieve a rapid evaluation of the crystallographic and optical properties of several hundreds of NWs in a single cathodoluminescence intensity mapping experiment.
Real-time delivered dose assessment in carbon ion therapy of moving targets
Authors: Galeone C , Steinsberger T , Donetti M , Martire M C , Milian F M , Sacchi R , Vignati A , Volz L , Durante M , Giordanengo S , Graeff C 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective. Real-time adaptive particle therapy is being investigated as a means to maximize the treatment delivery accuracy. To react to dosimetric errors, a system for fast and reliable verification of the agreement between planned and delivered doses is essential. This study presents a clinically feasible, real-time 4D-dose reconstruction system, synchronized with the treatment delivery and motion of the patient, which can provide the necessary feedback on the quality of the delivery. Approach. A GPU-based analytical dose engine capable of millisecond dose calculation for carbon ion therapy has been developed and interfaced with the next generation of the dose delivery system (DDS) in use at Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica (CNAO). The system receives the spot parameters and the motion information of the patient during the treatment and performs the reconstruction of the planned and delivered 4D-doses. After each iso-energy layer, the results are displayed on a graphical user interface by the end of the spill pause of the synchrotron, permitting verification against the reference dose. The framework has been verified experimentally at CNAO for a lung cancer case based on a virtual phantom 4DCT. The patient’s motion was mimicked by a moving Ionization Chamber (IC) 2D-array. Main
results. For the investigated static and 4D-optimized treatment delivery cases, real-time dose reconstruction was achieved with an average pencil beam dose calculation speed up to more than one order of magnitude smaller than the spot delivery. The reconstructed doses have been benchmarked against offline log-file based dose reconstruction with the TRiP98 treatment planning system, as well as QA measurements with the IC 2D-array, where an average gamma-index passing rate (3%/3 mm) of 99.8% and 98.3%, respectively, were achieved. Significance. This work provides the first real-time 4D-dose reconstruction engine for carbon ion therapy. The framework integration with the CNAO DDS paves the way for a swift transition to the clinics.
Influence of the magnetic field on the emission of hot electrons and ions from ablative plasma produced from a disc-coil target irradiated by the 3rd harmonic of the PALS iodine laser
Authors: Pisarczyk T , Renner O , Rusiniak Z , Dudzak R , Domanski J , Rafalak W , Chodukowski T , Badziak J , Krupka M , Singh S , Tchórz P , Rosinski M , Krasa J , Agraval S , Klir D , Cikhardt J , Zaras-Szydłowska A , Dostal J , Ettel D , Vlachos C , Ehret M , Bradford P W , Marchenko H , Gajdos P , Szymanski M , Jelinek S , Miklaszewski R , Batani D , Batani K , Santos J , Ospina-Bohórquez V , Volpe L , Borodziuk S , Krus M , Juha L 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Experimental and theoretical study of plasma processes affected by strong laser generated magnetic fields is reported. The PALS laser system operating at 3 ω (438.5 nm) delivered intensities up to 1 × 1016 W cm−2 on targets. By using a special target system consisting of a Cu foil connected to a sub-mm coil, magnetic fields up to the level of 10 T were generated. This is 1.4 times higher than the field generated with a 1.315 mm (1 ω) laser beam at a comparable intensity. We found that these fields were sufficiently strong to modify plasma blow-off from the foil which resulted in the changed expansion dynamics and increased energy of hot electrons (HE) by 20%–40% compared to the plasma unaffected by the magnetic field. To obtain complementary experimental data, a complex diagnostic system was used enabling the visualization of the plasma expansion process both in visible light (3-frame composite interferometry) and in the soft x-ray region (4-frame pinhole x-ray camera) together with measurements of the HE parameters using two-dimensional imaging of the Kα line emission from the Cu target and electron spectroscopy. Experimental data obtained from the angular distribution of electron energy spectra were used for three-dimensional (3D3V) numerical PIC simulations using a modified EPOCH code. By including interactions between ions, protons, hot and thermal electrons in forward and backward propagating particles, the effects of the magnetic field on the flux of HE were visualized and compared with the experiment. The PIC simulation confirmed that the interaction of the HE flux with the magnetic field generated by the target-coil system leads to an increased flux energy. However, this increase is accompanied by increased complexity of the spatial structure and heterogeneity of the flux as well as its angular divergence.