bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of heat treatment on the wear resistance of cast irons
Authors: Türedi Enbiya 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn this study, the wear behavior of chilled cast iron and nodular cast iron materials used in camshaft manufacturing has been compared. Nodular cast iron specimens were additionally heat treated at 200 and 300 °C for stress relieving after hardening. Thus, the effect of the stress release treatment on wear behavior was comparatively evaluated with respect to the untreated specimens. The ball-on-disk test described in ASTM G99-05 standard was performed under dry sliding conditions as wear test. The specimens were exposed to dry sliding test under a load of 30 N with a rotational speed of 300 rpm against hardened 100Cr6 counterparts and for the distances of 100, 500 and 1000 m. The results showed two different wear behaviors for the 100 m and 500/1000 m distances, respectively. Under given dry sliding conditions, induction hardened nodular cast iron and slightly stress released specimens exhibited relatively higher wear resistance in the tests over a distance of 500 and 1000 m, while the others showing an increase in wear loss amounts at the same sliding distances.
Corrosion behavior of X70 steel in sands at different charging times
Authors: Han Pengju , Chen Y. Frank , Bai Xiaohong , He Bin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTo investigate the corrosion behavior and mechanisms of X70 steel in sands, polarization curves (PCs) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were carried out using an electrochemical test set-up. X70 steel represents a common and standard API designation for pipelines with 70 ksi or 485 MPa strength. For acceleration of the process at different charging times, a direct current (DC) with 6 V voltage was applied. The results show that DC accelerates the corrosion process of X70 steel in sands and that the corrosion rate increases with charging time of the DC. Corrosion potential changes the process of positive-negative-positive charging with increasing process time, indicating that pore water, oxygen substances and corrosion ions of sands all affect the corrosion reaction. Based on the experimental results from the equivalent circuit of EIS, the corrosion process can be divided into the following three phases: developing and formatting of corrosion product film, pitting corrosion, and progressing pitting period. The low-frequency inductive slope on the EIS graph appears during the period of corrosion pitting as resulting from the corrosion product film. The film slows down the corrosion process and reduces the corrosion rate temporarily. With the increasing charging time, the corrosion product film may be damaged and the corrosion rate will thus increase significantly. The testing results of energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicate iron hydroxides as the original corrosion products. With increasing charging time, the original corrosion products may be oxidized to form stable and protective film products such as Fe2O3 and Fe3O4. Lastly, during the pitting progressing period, oxidized film products will be damaged and the corrosion rate increases with increasing charging time.
Laser repair welding of an extrusion mold
Authors: Çelen Serap 
Published: March 2016

AbstractLaser repair welding of mold and die components has been applied in the background of maintenance, repair and overhaul technologies for refurbishing military, space and civilian equipment. It enables to perform safe and sound weldments with narrow heat affected zones. A novel laser-based repair technique was proposed to perform repair of 1.2312 steel die plate. The results of this study verified the importance of laser repair welding for the mold making industry.
Mode II delamination of woven mengkuang fiber/woven silk laminated hybrid composites
Authors: Husin Mohd Azwan , Zulkifli Rozli , Abdullah Shahrum , Daud Wan Ramli Wan 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe effects of hybridization between woven mengkuang fiber/woven silk on mode II delamination (GIIC) of laminated composites were investigated by performing the end-notched flexure (ENF) test. Various configurations of woven mengkuang/woven silk layers were considered. The composite samples were prepared using hand lay-up, along with the cold press method. After fabrication, the test specimens were subjected to end-notch flexure testing for mode II delamination based on ASTM D790-03. During the test, the crack propagation was observed; the sudden drop in load meant that the sample experienced crack growth. The configuration of woven silk in between the pre-crack provided an excellent improvement in GIIC. Further addition of woven silk layers for similar configuration also yielded significant improvements in the GIIC result. The rate of critical strain energy release increases with an increase in number of woven silk layers for the configuration of silk in between the pre-crack. The scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) result shows the cross-section of the samples. The study also demonstrated that surface interaction between woven silk/epoxy/woven silk was better than woven mengkuang/epoxy/woven mengkuang lamination.
Fatigue life assessment of the driving shaft of a LCV by FEA using customer correlation data
Authors: Şener Arif Şenol 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn this study, an accelerated test track construction necessary during research and development phase of light commercial vehicles (LCV) is described. By the questionary method, the Turkish customer automotive usages are defined. This paper focuses on defining load spectrum affected by driving shaft torque during acceleration, breaking and different manoeuvres and equivalent fatigue damage of the driving shaft resulting from accelerated tests on a route. Fatigue analysis and estimated lifetime of the part were calculated using finite element analyses (FEA) and verified by the Palmgren-Miner rule. When as customer profile the Turkish automotive user is taken into consideration and accelerated test tracks are designed for reliability and fatigue tests of the related company, linear FEA of the driving shaft represents a convenient procedure.
Hydrothermal effects on the burst strength of impacted glass fiber/epoxy composite pipes
Authors: Ahmad Hawa , Majid Mohd. Shukry Abdul , Rojan Mohd. Afendi , Mat Fauziah , Dan-Mallam Yakubu 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe effects of hydrothermal aging and low velocity impact loading on E-glass fiber/epoxy composite pipes subjected to a continuous internal pressure were experimentally investigated in this paper. The pipes were manufactured by the commonly adopted filament winding method, which is consisting of six antisymmetric layers with (±55°)3 winding angles. Then, they were immersed in tap water at intervals of 500, 1000 and 1500 h. Low velocity impact tests were performed at three different energy levels (5, 7.5 and 10 J), followed by internal pressure testing. The results showed that both impact energy levels and water immersion time have significantly affected the burst strength of the pipe. It also indicated that the peak force and displacement increased with the increase of impact energy. During the burst pressure tests, weepage and eruption failures were observed.
TAM dans trois langues d’Indonésie : diathèse ou marqueurs préverbaux
Authors: Grangé Philippe 
Published: March 2016

Résumé Cet article examine l’expression du temps, de l’aspect et du mode (TAM) dans trois langues malayo-polynésiennes parlées en Indonésie, l’essentiel de l’étude portant sur l’indonésien, langue nationale de ce pays. Le TAM en indonésien repose presque exclusivement sur des morphèmes libres : une quinzaine de marqueurs préverbaux. En bajo et en lamaholot, autres langues malayo-polynésiennes parmi les centaines qui sont parlées en Indonésie, on découvre un système aspectuel hybride recourant à des flexions verbales et à des marqueurs préverbaux. Pour ces trois langues, la plupart des flexions indiquant l’aspect relèvent de la diathèse. L’indonésien est frappant par l’intrication de l’aspect et du mode dans la plupart de ses marqueurs préverbaux, ce qui n’est pas sans rappeler la polysémie d’adverbes français comme encore et déjà . Le système des marqueurs d’aspect indonésiens est également modulaire, parce que ces morphèmes peuvent composer de nombreuses combinaisons, suivant des règles précises. L’éventail de nuances aspectuelles à la disposition des locuteurs d’indonésien s’avère donc aussi large que dans les langues où les flexions verbales de TAM sont obligatoires, comme le français.
Paul’s ‘Spirit of Adoption’ in its Roman Imperial Context
Authors: Lewis Robert Brian 
Published: March 2016

Robert Lewis examines Paul’s use of the phrase “Spirit of Adoption” in Romans 8:12-17 against the background of its Roman Imperial context in order to shed light on interpretation of Paul’s Letter to the Romans. Whereas other scholars have explored what Paul may have meant when he uses the term “adoption” Lewis instead explores the reasons behind Paul’s coupling of it with the term “spirit”.
Having examined theories for a possible Jewish antecedent for Paul’s use of this phrase, and found them less than persuasive, Lewis unlocks the data within the term’s Roman Imperial context that significantly clarifies what Paul means when he uses the phrase “Spirit of adoption”. Lewis shows that when Paul wrote his letter to the Romans, adoption had become a feature of Imperial succession. Roman religion gave a great deal of prominence to the Roman family spirit - the genius. The Emperor’s genius became identified as a deity in Roman religion and its veneration was widespread in Rome as well as the provinces. When Romans 8:12-17 is read against this background, a very different kind of exegetical picture emerges.
War and Peace in the Western Political Imagination
Authors: Manning Roger B. 
Published: March 2016

The study of war in all periods of prehistory and recorded history has always commanded the attention of historians, dramatists, poets and artists. The study of peace has, however, not yet gained a comparable readership, and the subject is attracting an increasing amount of scholarly research.
This volume presents the first work of academic research to tackle this imbalance head on. It looks at war and peace through the ages, from the Classical world through to the eighteenth century. It considers the nature and advocacy of war and peace both from an historical perspective but also a philosophical one, particularly looking at how universal peace, which began as a personal philosophy, became over the centuries a political philosophy that underpins much of modern society’s attitudes towards warfare and militarism.
Roger Manning begins his journey through history by looking at the Greek martial ethos and philosophical concepts of peace and war in the ancient world; moving through the Roman empire’s military advances, he explores the concepts of war and peace in the medieval world and the Renaissance, with the writing of Machiavelli and Erasmus; finally, his account of the search for a science of peace in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries brings the book to its conclusion.
Diurnal cycle and multi-decadal trend of formaldehyde in the remote atmosphere near 46° N
Authors: Franco Bruno , Marais Eloise A. , Bovy Benoît , Bader Whitney , Lejeune Bernard , Roland Ginette , Servais Christian , Mahieu Emmanuel 
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Only very few long-term records of formaldehyde (HCHO) exist that are suitable for trend analysis. Furthermore, many uncertainties remain as to its diurnal cycle, representing a large short-term variability superimposed on seasonal and inter-annual variations that should be accounted for when comparing ground-based observations to, e.g., model results. In this study, we derive a multi-decadal time series (January 1988–June 2015) of HCHO total columns from ground-based high-resolution Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) solar spectra recorded at the high-altitude station of Jungfraujoch (Swiss Alps, 46.5° N, 8.0° E, 3580 m a. s. l. ), allowing for the characterization of the mid-latitudinal atmosphere for background conditions. First we investigate the HCHO diurnal variation, peaking around noontime and mainly driven by the intra-day insolation modulation and methane (CH4) oxidation. We also characterize quantitatively the diurnal cycles by adjusting a parametric model to the observations, which links the daytime to the HCHO columns according to the monthly intra-day regimes. It is then employed to scale all the individual FTIR measurements on a given daytime in order to remove the effect of the intra-day modulation for improving the trend determination and the comparison with HCHO columns simulated by the state-of-the-art GEOS-Chem v9-02 chemical transport model. Such a parametric model will be useful to scale the Jungfraujoch HCHO columns on satellite overpass times in the framework of future calibration/validation efforts of space-borne sensors. GEOS-Chem sensitivity tests suggest then that the seasonal and inter-annual HCHO column variations above Jungfraujoch are predominantly led by the atmospheric CH4 oxidation, with a maximum contribution of 25 % from the anthropogenic non-methane volatile organic compound precursors during wintertime. Finally, trend analysis of the so-scaled 27-year FTIR time series reveals a long-term evolution of the HCHO columns in the remote troposphere to be related to the atmospheric CH4 fluctuations and the short-term OH variability: +2.9 % year−1 between 1988 and 1995, −3.7 % year−1 over 1996–2002 and +0.8 % year−1 from 2003 onwards.
Registros de enfermagem acerca das ações educativas para pacientes submetidos à artroplastia de quadril
Authors: Silveira Laiana Lauser , Almeida Miriam de Abreu , Silva Marcos Barragan da , Nomura Aline Tsuma Gaedke 
Published: March 2016

Estudo retrospectivo, descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa, cujo objetivo foi identificar os registros de enfermagem acerca das ações educativas realizadas para pacientes submetidos à artroplastia de quadril. A investigação foi realizada em um hospital universitário do sul do Brasil, com uma amostra de 112 prontuários de pacientes internados. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um checklist, em junho de 2013, e analisados estatisticamente. O registro educativo esteve presente em 60 (53%) prontuários. Quanto ao conteúdo, foram prevalentes os cuidados pós-operatórios 36 (32%), mobilização 23 (20,5%) e saída do leito 21 (18,8%), encontrados em 56 (50%) do total de prontuários no documento Evolução de Enfermagem. Apesar de o registro de enfermagem apresentar aspectos relacionados à educação do paciente, melhores resultados poderiam ser obtidos com a operacionalização dessa intervenção, atrelada à educação permanente dos enfermeiros.
Adoption of On-Farm Plantation Forestry by Smallholder Farmers in Uganda
Authors: Kiyingi I. , Edriss A. , Phiri M. , Buyinza M. , Agaba H. 
Published: March 2016

<p>The study assessed the factors influencing adoption and intensity of adoption of on-farm plantation forestry by comparing results from a censored Tobit model and a Double-hurdle model. Analysis indicated that determinants of adoption and intensity of adoption of on-farm plantation forestry are different, thus indicating a double-hurdle process. Results from the double-hurdle model indicated that size of landholding, secondary school education, forestry skills training, extension services and farmers’ perceptions significantly explain the variation in the decision to invest in on-farm plantation forestry. On the other hand, gender of household head and size of landholding influenced the intensity of adoption. This study highlights some of the areas that should be considered in developing adoption strategies for on-farm plantation forestry. It also highlights the importance of farmers’ perceptions in influencing adoption of farm forestry. The study suggests that since the factors influencing adoption and intensity of farm forestry adoption are made separately, it is important that both stages are considered in developing adoption strategies for farm forestry.</p>
Famiglia romana e famiglia vandala nell’Africa di Vittore di Vita
Authors: Lusvarghi Marcello 
Published: March 2016

Behind the theological interpretation of the events that mark the entire work of, thecontains multiple information about both the Roman-African family and the Vandal one. The hagiographic representations in which the members of the African family are protagonists allow to consider the author knowledge about the marriage law and the role of family members in late antiquity. At the same time the description of the Vandal Kings’ actions provides essential information about their succession system and their family relationships.
The risks of partner violence following HIV status disclosure, and health service responses: narratives of women attending reproductive health services in Kenya
Authors: Colombini Manuela , James Courtney , Ndwiga Charity ,   Integra team, Mayhew Susannah H 
Published: March 2016

IntroductionFor many women living with HIV (WLWH), the disclosure of positive status can lead to either an extension of former violence or new conflict specifically associated with HIV status disclosure. This study aims to explore the following about WLWH: 1. the women's experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV) risks following disclosure to their partners; 2. an analysis of the women's views on the role of health providers in preventing and addressing IPV, especially following HIV disclosure.MethodsThirty qualitative interviews were conducted with purposively selected WLWH attending clinics in Kenya. Data were coded using NVivo 9 and analyzed thematically.ResultsNearly one third of the respondents reported experiencing physical and/or emotional violence inflicted by their partners following the sero‐disclosure, suggesting that HIV status disclosure can be a period of heightened risk for partner stigma and abuse, and financial withdrawal, and thus should be handled with caution. Sero‐concordance was protective for emotional and verbal abuse once the partner knew his positive status, or knew the woman knew his status. Our results show acceptance of the role of the health services in helping prevent and reduce anticipated fear of partner stigma and violence as barriers to HIV disclosure. Some of the approaches suggested by our respondents included couple counselling, separate counselling sessions for men, and facilitated disclosure. The women's narratives illustrate the importance of integrating discussions on risks for partner violence and fear of disclosure into HIV counselling and testing, helping women develop communication skills in how to disclose their status, and reducing fear about marital separation and break‐up. Women in our study also confirmed the key role of preventive health services in reducing blame for HIV transmission and raising awareness on HIV as a chronic disease. However, several women reported receiving no counselling on safe disclosure of HIV status.ConclusionIntegration of partner violence identification and care into sexual, reproductive and HIV services for WLWH could be a way forward. The health sector can play a preventive role by sensitizing providers to the potential risks for partner violence following disclosure and ensuring that the women's decision to disclose is fully informed and voluntary.
Contribution Levels of Intrinsic Risk Factors to the Management of Patients with Plantar Heel Pain
Authors: Ortega-Avila Ana Belen , Cuesta-Vargas Antonio I. , Jiménez-Cebrián Ana María , Labajos-Manzanares María Teresa , Barón-López Francisco Javier , Bennet Paul 
Published: March 2016

Background: Of all of the lower-extremity injuries with multifactorial causes, heel pain represents the most frequent reason for visits to health-care professionals. Managing patients with heel pain can be very difficult. The purpose of this research was to identify key variables that can influence foot health in patients with heel pain.Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was performed with 62 participants recruited from the Educational Welfare Unit of the University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain. Therapists, blinded for the study, acquired the anthropometric information and the Foot Posture Index, and participants completed the Foot Health Status Questionnaire.Results: The most significant results reveal that there is a moderate relationship between clinical variables such as footwear and Foot Health Status Questionnaire commands such as Shoe (r = 0.515; P &lt; .001). The most significant model domain was General Health (P &lt; .001), with the highest determination coefficient (beta not standard = 34.05). The most significant predictable variable was body mass index (−0.110).Conclusions: The variables that can help us manage clinical patients with heel pain are age, body mass index, footwear, and Foot Posture Index (left foot).
The Influence of Running on Foot Posture and In-Shoe Plantar Pressures
Authors: Bravo-Aguilar María , Gijón-Noguerón Gabriel , Luque-Suarez Alejandro , Abian-Vicen Javier 
Published: March 2016

Background: Running can be considered a high-impact practice, and most people practicing continuous running experience lower-limb injuries. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of 45 min of running on foot posture and plantar pressures.Methods: The sample comprised 116 healthy adults (92 men and 24 women) with no foot-related injuries. The mean ± SD age of the participants was 28.31 ± 6.01 years; body mass index, 23.45 ± 1.96; and training time, 11.02 ± 4.22 h/wk. Outcome measures were collected before and after 45 min of running at an average speed of 12 km/h, and included the Foot Posture Index (FPI) and a baropodometric analysis.Results: The results show that foot posture can be modified after 45 min of running. The mean ± SD FPI changed from 6.15 ± 2.61 to 4.86 ± 2.65 (P &lt; .001). Significant decreases in mean plantar pressures in the external, internal, rearfoot, and forefoot edges were found after 45 min of running. Peak plantar pressures in the forefoot decreased after running. The pressure-time integral decreased during the heel strike phase in the internal edge of the foot. In addition, a decrease was found in the pressure-time integral during the heel-off phase in the internal and rearfoot edges.Conclusions: The findings suggest that after 45 min of running, a pronated foot tends to change into a more neutral position, and decreased plantar pressures were found after the run.