bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of entecavir versus tenofovir treatment in chronic hepatitis B patients: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sriprayoon Tassanee , Mahidol Chulabhorn , Ungtrakul Teerapat , Chun‐on Pattra , Soonklang Kamonwan , Pongpun Wanvisa , Laohapand Charlie , Dechma Jiraporn , Pothijaroen Charinthip , Auewarakul Chirayu , Tanwandee Tawesak 
Published: May 2016

AimEntecavir (ETV) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) are considered among the most potent antiviral agents for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection. We aimed to compare treatment efficacy and safety of ETV and TDF in nucleoside‐naïve chronic hepatitis B patients.MethodsInclusion criteria were compensated chronic hepatitis B patients who were either hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)‐positive or HBeAg‐negative. Exclusion criteria were co‐infection with hepatitis C virus and/or HIV, concurrent malignancy, and decompensated cirrhosis. Virological, biochemical, and serological end‐points at week 96 and 144 were compared. Of 400 patients, 200 patients received ETV and 200 received TDF.ResultsThere were no significant differences between the two groups in baseline characteristics including age (41.6 ± 11.5 vs. 41.2 ± 11.6, mean baseline hepatitis B virus DNA (5.91 ± 1.79 vs. 5.94 ± 1.68 log10 IU/mL), mean baseline alanine aminotransferase (68.1 ± 64.1 vs. 76.8 ± 79.8 U/L), and cirrhosis (15.5% vs. 14.5%). At week 144 of treatment, 91 and 94% of the ETV and TDF groups, respectively, achieved undetectable hepatitis B virus DNA. In HBeAg‐positive patients, HBeAg seroconversion could be achieved in 27.4% and 33.7% at week 144 for ETV and TDF groups, respectively. Quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen dropped significantly over 144 weeks of treatment period but only 1.0 to 1.5% experienced hepatitis B surface antigen loss. Safety profiles were consistent with previous reports of monotherapy.ConclusionBoth ETV and TDF showed potent antiviral activity against hepatitis B. Either ETV or TDF can be recommended as a treatment of choice for patients with chronic hepatitis B. Both drugs were safe and well tolerated.
Antioxidant, immunomodulatory and antiproliferative effects of gelatin hydrolysates from seabass (Lates calcarifer) skins
Authors: Sae‐leaw Thanasak , O'Callaghan Yvonne C. , Benjakul Soottawat , O'Brien Nora M. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThis study investigated the antioxidant, immunomodulatory and antiproliferative potentials of gelatin hydrolysates from seabass skins in cell model systems. Gelatin hydrolysates were extracted from seabass skins using different processes and enzyme concentrations. The ability of the hydrolysates to protect against H2O2‐induced DNA damage was assessed on U937 cells using the Comet assay, and one of the samples showed DNA protective effects. All samples showed immunomodulatory potential by significantly (P < 0.05) reducing interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and IL‐1β production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Antiproliferative activities of seabass skin hydrolysates were measured using human colon cancer (Caco‐2) and liver cancer (HepG2) cell lines as the model cell cultures. The inhibition of cell proliferation of Caco‐2 and HepG2 cancer cells occurred in a dose‐dependent manner at concentrations of 1–25 mg mL−1. Therefore, seabass skin hydrolysates prepared using an appropriate process could serve as a potential functional food ingredient with various health benefits.
Molecular classification of benign prostatic hyperplasia: A gene expression profiling study in a rat model
Authors: Hata Junya , Satoh Yuichi , Akaihata Hidenori , Hiraki Hiroyuki , Ogawa Soichiro , Haga Nobuhiro , Ishibashi Kei , Aikawa Ken , Kojima Yoshiyuki 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesTo characterize the molecular features of benign prostatic hyperplasia by carrying out a gene expression profiling analysis in a rat model.MethodsFetal urogenital sinus isolated from 20‐day‐old male rat embryo was implanted into a pubertal male rat ventral prostate. The implanted urogenital sinus grew time‐dependently, and the pathological findings at 3 weeks after implantation showed epithelial hyperplasia as well as stromal hyperplasia. Whole‐genome oligonucleotide microarray analysis utilizing approximately 30 000 oligonucleotide probes was carried out using prostate specimens during the prostate growth process (3 weeks after implantation).ResultsMicroarray analyses showed 926 upregulated (>2‐fold change, P < 0.01) and 3217 downregulated genes (<0.5‐fold change, P < 0.01) in benign prostatic hyperplasia specimens compared with normal prostate. Gene ontology analyses of upregulated genes showed predominant genetic themes of involvement in development (162 genes, P = 2.01 × 10−4), response to stimulus (163 genes, P = 7.37 × 10−13) and growth (32 genes, P = 1.93 × 10−5). When we used both normal prostate and non‐transplanted urogenital sinuses as controls to identify benign prostatic hyperplasia‐specific genes, 507 and 406 genes were upregulated and downregulated, respectively. Functional network and pathway analyses showed that genes associated with apoptosis modulation by heat shock protein 70, interleukin‐1, interleukin‐2 and interleukin‐5 signaling pathways, KIT signaling pathway, and secretin‐like G‐protein‐coupled receptors, class B, were relatively activated during the growth process in the benign prostatic hyperplasia specimens. In contrast, genes associated with cholesterol biosynthesis were relatively inactivated.ConclusionOur microarray analyses of the benign prostatic hyperplasia model rat might aid in clarifying the molecular mechanism of benign prostatic hyperplasia progression, and identifying molecular targets for benign prostatic hyperplasia treatment.
Long‐Term Follow‐Up of Ictal Asystole in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Is Permanent Pacemaker Therapy Needed?
Authors: KOHNO RITSUKO , ABE HARUHIKO , AKAMATSU NAOKI , BENDITT DAVID G. 
Published: May 2016

Pacemaker Therapy for Ictal AsystoleBackgroundIctal asystole (IA) is an infrequent complication of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), but one that may cause transient loss of consciousness (T‐LOC) similar to reflex syncope (particularly the vasovagal faint). Although IA‐triggered T‐LOC is relatively rare, its recognition is therapeutically important. However, while the need for anti‐epileptic drugs (AeDs) is broadly accepted, cardiac pacing in IA is controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the need for cardiac pacing in the follow‐up of IA patients being treated with AeDs.Methods and ResultsSix patients (2 men, mean age of 66 ± 16 years), with documented prolonged asystole on electrocardiogram (ECG) in association with TLE, were followed for an average of 19.7 (range, 2–37) years; a pacemaker had been implanted in 4 of 6 patients, whereas 2 patients underwent long‐term ECG monitoring with an implantable loop recorder (ILR). The longest documented IA pause lasted 12.6 ± 6.2 (range: 3.5–20) seconds. All patients were treated with AeDs. During follow‐up, after optimization of AeD dosing, none of the patients had T‐LOC spells or detected epileptic seizure episodes. During regular device interrogation, there was no evidence of pacing interventions (cumulative ventricular pacing, 0%) in the 4 pacemaker patients, and no symptomatic bradyarrhythmias in the 2 ILR patients.ConclusionsAeD therapy was effective to prevent IA in this cohort of TLE patients with prior IA. Consequently, pacemaker implantation is not immediately indicated for IA prevention, but should be reserved for those cases in which there is documented failure of AeD therapy.
Spray Dried Xanthone: Physicochemical Properties, Storage Stability and Controlled Release
Authors: Wan Boon‐Keng , Siow Lee‐Fong 
Published: May 2016

AbstractXanthone has low aqueous solubility, thus limiting its food application. The aim of this study is to increase aqueous solubility of xanthone through spray drying xanthone in fish oil with maltodextrin and gum Arabic. Powder yield and microencapsulation efficiency at inlet temperature of 120 °C and wall‐to‐core ratio of 6:1 were 63.0 ± 2.0% and 50.8 ± 2.0%, respectively. Solubility of spray dried xanthone increased from 3.2 ± 0.2 µg/mL for free xanthone to 128.3 ± 5.6 µg/mL (approximately 40‐fold increase). Storage condition of 33% RH showed no structural changes for powder; thus, it is recommended as the suitable storage condition for spray dried xanthone. Approximately 37.2 ± 4.8% of xanthone was released in simulated gastrointestinal fluid after 6 h. Spray‐dried xanthone is potentially used as a potential functional food ingredient.Practical ApplicationsXanthone has gained much attention from the public as it exhibited antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, anti‐inflammatory and antimalarial activities. Its poor aqueous solubility, however, limits the application of xanthone in food and pharmaceutical industries. The current work is significant to improve the aqueous solubility of xanthone and to protect xanthone from oxidation (Beelders et al. 2015). The improved aqueous solubility of xanthone microcapsules is practical for functional food product development and also for improved bioavailability of xanthone.
Rheological and Physicochemical Modification of trans‐Free Blends of Palm Stearin and Soybean Oil by Chemical Interesterification
Authors: Naeli Mohammad Hossein , Farmani Jamshid , Zargaraan Azizollaah 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this study, binary blends of palm stearin and soybean oil were interesterified using sodium methoxide. The changes in free fatty acids (FFA), slip melting point (SMP), solid fat content (SFC), plastic range, induction period of oxidation at 120 °C (IP120) and rheological properties of fat blends, before and after interesterification, were investigated. All blends were trans‐free and contained high essential fatty acids content. Interesterification modified the melting properties of fat blends by reducing SMP and SFC. FFA increased and IP120 decreased after interesterification. Strain sweep, frequency sweep and temperature sweep tests were used to evaluate the rheology of fats. Briefly, the 10:90 and 30:70 (palm stearin : soybean oil) interesterified blends displayed increased storage (G′) and loss (G″) moduli, as compared with the initial blends. However, G′ and G″ moduli of interesterified 50:50 blend were lower than those of initial blends. The elastic character of interesterified 10:90, 30:70 and 50:50 blends was predominant up to 28.8, 37.9, and 41.8 °C, respectively. The interesterified blends of palm stearin and soybean oil showed desirable characteristics suited for production of trans‐free soft tub, stick and Baker's margarine, all‐purpose shortening and Iranian vanaspati.Practical ApplicationsIntake of high amounts of trans fatty acid (TFA) has been correlated with increased risk of heart diseases. In this context, chemical interesterification is an important technological option for production of trans‐free fats with different food applications. The results obtained here provide information about the scientific aspects of the effect of interesterification on rheological and physicochemical properties of palm stearin and soybean oil blends. Practically, this study can find its application in development of formulations for production of trans‐free fat products such as liquid, soft tub, stick and baker's margarine, all‐purpose shortenings and Iranian vanaspati.
Comparison of creatinine and cystatin formulae with 51Chromium‐ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid glomerular filtration rate in patients with decompensated cirrhosis
Authors: Cholongitas Evangelos , Ioannidou Maria , Goulis Ioannis , Chalevas Parthenis , Ntogramatzi Fani , Athanasiadou Zoi , Notopoulos Athanasios , Alevroudis Manolis , Sinakos Emmanouil , Akriviadis Evangelos 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackground and AimEvaluation of renal function, that is, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), has become very important, but conventional mathematical formulae for GFR assessment are inaccurate in patients with cirrhosis. The aim of the present study was to compare serum creatinine (sCr)‐based and serum cystatin C (cysC)‐based estimated GFR (eGFR) formulae with 51Chromium‐ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid GFR (51Chr‐GFR) in patients with stable decompensated cirrhosis.MethodsIn 129 Caucasian patients with decompensated cirrhosis, we assessed sCr‐based GFRs [Modification of Diet in Renal Disease and chronic kidney disease–epidemiology (CKD‐EPI)‐sCr formulae], cysC‐based GFRs [Hoek, Larsson, and CKD‐EPI‐cysC equations], and the mathematical formulae, which combined both sCr and cysC [i.e. CKD‐EPI‐sCr‐cysC and the specific for cirrhotics formula recently proposed by Mindikoglu et al. (Mindikoglu‐eGFR)]. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used for GFR predictors in our cohort.ResultsThe correlations between 51Chr‐GFR and all mathematical formulae were good (Spearman r2 > 0.68, P < 0.001). Modification of Diet in Renal Disease and CKD‐EPI‐sCr had lower bias (6.6 and −4.8, respectively), compared with the other eGFRs, while Mindikoglu‐eGFR and CKD‐EPI‐sCr‐cysC formulae had greater precision (17.1 and 17.3, respectively), compared with the other eGFRs. CKD‐EPI‐sCr and Mindikoglu‐eGFR had higher accuracy (39% and 41%, respectively), compared with the other eGFRs. The factors independently associated with the 51Chr‐GFR were age, cysC, and sCr, and the new derived formula had lower bias (0.89) and similar precision (17.2) and accuracy (41%) with Mindikoglu‐eGFR formula.ConclusionThe specific mathematical formulae derived from patients with cirrhosis seem to provide superior assessment of renal function, compared with the conventional used sCr‐based and cysC‐based formulae.
Revisiting the segmental organization of the human spinal cord
Authors: Leijnse J. N. , D'Herde K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn classic anatomic atlases, the spinal cord is standardly represented in its anatomical form with symmetrically emerging anterior and posterior roots, which at the level of the intervertebral foramen combine into the spinal nerves. The parts of the cord delimited by the boundaries of the roots are called segments or myelomeres. Associated with their regular repetitive appearance is the notion that the cord is segmentally organized. This segmental view is reinforced by clinical practice. Spinal cord roots innervate specific body parts. The level of cord trauma is diagnosed by the de‐innervation symptoms of these parts. However, systemically, the case for a segmentally organized cord is not so clear. To date, developmental and genetic research points to a regionally rather than a segmentally organized cord. In the present study, to what degree the fila radicularia are segmentally implanted along the cord was investigated. The research hypothesis was that if the fila radicularia were non‐segmentally implanted at the cord surface, it would be unlikely that the internal neuron stratum would be segmented. The visual segmented aspect of the myelomeres would then be the consequence of the necessary bundling of axons towards the vertebral foramen as the only exits of the vertebral canal, rather than of an underlying segment organization of the cord itself. To investigate the research hypothesis, the fila radicularia in the cervical‐upper thoracic part of five spinal cords were detached from their spinal nerves and dissected in detail. The principal research question was if the fila radicularia are separated from their spinal nerves and dissected from their connective tissues up to the cord, would it be possible to reconstruct the original spinal segments from the morphology and interspaces of the fila? The dissections revealed that the anterior fila radicularia emerge from the cord at regular regionally modulated interspaces without systematic segmental delineations. The posterior fila radicularia are somewhat more segmentally implanted, but the pattern is individually inconsistent. The posterior and anterior roots have notable morphological differences, and hypotheses are presented to help explain these. The macroscopic observations are consistent with a regionally but not a segmentally organized cord. This conclusion was visually summarized in photographs of spinal cords with ipsilateral intact roots and contralateral individually dissected fila radicularia. It was suggested that this dual view of the spinal cord be added to the standard anatomic textbooks to counterbalance the current possibly biased view of a segmented cord.
Can nurse innovation improve customer perception of service quality and experience?
Authors: Weng Rhay‐Hung , Chen Wan‐Ping , Huang Ching‐Yuan , Hung Chiu‐Hsia , Hsu Ching‐Tai 
Published: May 2016

Aims and objectivesThis study aimed to clarify how nurse innovation is related to customer perception of medical service quality and experience.BackgroundRecently, many hospitals have put much emphasis upon the development of nurse innovation.DesignA cross‐sectional study was employed.MethodsThis study adopted questionnaire survey method with nurses and customers of the inpatient wards from three Taiwanese hospitals as the research subjects. After pairing, there were 294 valid questionnaires. Hierarchical regression analysis was utilised to test the possible impact of nurse innovation on medical service quality and experience.ResultsIn terms of the dimensions of nurse innovation, ‘innovation behaviour’ ranked the highest (3·24), followed by knowledge creation and innovation diffusion; in terms of the degree of the medical service quality, ‘reliability’ ranked the highest (4·35). As for the degree of the medical service experience, ‘feel experience’ ranked the highest (4·44). All dimensions of nurse innovation have no significant effects on medical service quality and experience.ConclusionOf these three dimensions of nurse innovation, the level of innovation behaviour was perceived by the nurses as the highest. The study found that nurse innovation has no significant effects on customer perception of service quality and experience.Relevance to clinical practiceHospitals shall provide sufficient resources and budget for fostering innovation development and encourage their nurses to develop nursing innovation for patents. The education and training courses on ‘patient‐centred’ shall be enhanced among hospital nurses. Healthcare managers shall also explore the difficulties about innovation diffusion and find the solutions for nurses.
A Specific Angiographic View of Left Coronary Artery Bifurcation in the Left Main Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Era
Authors: Reis Samir S. A. , Botelho Roberto V. , Abizaid Alexandre , Pereira Antônio D. S. , Alves Rodrigo , de Souza Denis F. , Ferreira‐Filho Sebastião R. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesWe propose a right lateral (90–120° RAO) with 30° cranial angiographic view to expose the bifurcation of the left main coronary artery (LMCA) when previously used routine projections were inefficient at clearly showing this region.BackgroundLittle has been published in the medical literature regarding angiographic projections dedicated to special anatomies.MethodsA total of 84 patients were subjected to the proposed projections. A reproducibility study, conducted with the participation of 2 independent observers, judged the effectiveness of the proposed projection. The Prevalence and Bias Adjusted Kappa (PABAK) index, with a 95% confidence interval (CI), was used to demonstrate the intensity of intra/inter‐observer agreement.ResultsThe proposed projection was efficient in 79% of the angiograms, with agreement of 0.76 (0.6–0.9; P ≤ 0.001). The origins and the proximal segments of: the anterior descending coronary artery were exposed in 89% of the angiograms, agreement of 0.86 (0.7–1.0; P ≤ 0.001); the circumflex artery were exposed in 83% of the angiograms, with agreement of 0.72 (0.5–1.0; P ≤ 0.001); and the intermediate branch, when present, were exposed in 89% of the angiograms, agreement of 0.79 (0.6–1.0; P ≤ 0.001).ConclusionThe right lateral (90–120° RAO) with 30° cranial projection is effective, safe, and reproducible. In special situations where routine projections fail, this proposed projection can reveal important details of the anatomy of the bifurcation of the LMCA during conventional coronary angiography or be the working projection during coronary angioplasty. (J Interven Cardiol 2016;29:293–299)
Characterization of Commercial Rye Bread Based on Sensory Properties, Fluidity Index and Chemical Acidity
Authors: Sandvik Pernilla , Marklinder Ingela , Nydahl Margaretha , NÆs Tormod , Kihlberg Iwona 
Published: May 2016

AbstractRye bread is often considered healthy, especially regarding its potential beneficial effect on blood glucose and insulin regulation, but the characteristics of Swedish rye bread have not previously been described. The aim was to characterize commercial rye bread (n = 24) using sensory descriptive analysis (11 panelists, 15 attributes, 2 replicates), fluidity index (FI; an in vitro measurement to predict glycemic properties), chemical acidity and selected package information. The associations between sensory and chemical measurements were explored to identify the opportunities and challenges of increased consumption of rye bread with potential health benefits.Six categories of rye bread were identified on the basis of their sensory profiles. The FI indicated that bread from three of the categories possessed beneficial glycemic properties (FI 50–75). These categories contained 31–100% rye, displaying pH 4.3–4.8. Sensory attributes, foremost textural (e.g., chewiness), but also flavor (e.g., sourness), were highly correlated with FI values, thereby revealing their potential to aid consumers, in that they can serve as quality indicators of the glycemic properties of commercial rye bread. However, this also highlights potential sensory barriers to consumption. Front‐of‐package rye and sourdough labels on some samples could potentially mislead consumers given the low content of rye/sourdough, despite the labels.Practical ApplicationsThe present study explores differences in the sensory profiles and health‐related characteristics of commercial rye breads in Sweden and demonstrates the possibility for industry to use the FI as an in vitro measure of glycemic properties. The study highlights potential challenges and opportunities for consumers in their choice of rye bread with beneficial glycemic properties, i.e., bread types that are valuable, particularly in preventing and managing noncommunicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Results from the present study may be useful for health care professionals providing dietary counseling and also to help the bread industry facilitate consumer choice of healthy rye bread.
The oxidation state of nanophase Fe particles in lunar soil: Implications for space weathering
Authors: Thompson Michelle S. , Zega Thomas J. , Becerra Patricio , Keane James T. , Byrne Shane 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe report measurements of the oxidation state of Fe nanoparticles within lunar soils that experienced varied degrees of space weathering. We measured >100 particles from immature, submature, and mature lunar samples using electron energy‐loss spectroscopy (EELS) coupled to an aberration‐corrected transmission electron microscope. The EELS measurements show that the nanoparticles are composed of a mixture of Fe0, Fe2+, and Fe3+ oxidation states, and exhibit a trend of increasing oxidation state with higher maturity. We hypothesize that the oxidation is driven by the diffusion of O atoms to the surface of the Fe nanoparticles from the oxygen‐rich matrix that surrounds them. The oxidation state of Fe in the nanoparticles has an effect on modeled reflectance properties of lunar soil. These results are relevant to remote sensing data for the Moon and to the remote determination of relative soil maturities for various regions of the lunar surface.