bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peripheral genetic structure of Helicoverpa zea indicates asymmetrical panmixia
Authors: Seymour Mathew , Perera Omaththage P. , Fescemyer Howard W. , Jackson Ryan E. , Fleischer Shelby J. , Abel Craig A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSeasonal climatic shifts create peripheral habitats that alternate between habitable and uninhabitable for migratory species. Such dynamic peripheral habitats are potential sites where migratory species could evolve high genetic diversity resulting from convergence of immigrants from multiple regionally distant areas. Migrant populations of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) captured during two different seasons were assessed for genetic structure using microsatellite markers and for host plant type using stable carbon isotope analysis. Individuals (N = 568) were genotyped and divided into 13 putative populations based on collection site and time. Fixation indices (F‐statistics), analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), and discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) were used to examine within and among population genetic variation. Mean number of alleles per locus was 10.25 (± 3.2 SD), and allelic richness ranged from 2.38 to 5.13 (± 3.2 SD). The observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.07 to 0.48 and 0.08 to 0.62, respectively. Low FST (0.01 to 0.02) and high FIS (0.08 to 0.33) values suggest captured migrants originated from breeding populations with different allele frequencies. We postulate that high genetic diversity within migrant populations and low genetic differentiation among migrant populations of H. zea are the result of asymmetrical immigration due to the high dispersal and reproductive behavior of H. zea, which may hinder the adaptation and establishment of H. zea to peripheral habitat. These findings highlight the importance of assessing peripheral population structure in relation to ecological and evolutionary dynamics of this and other highly reproductive and dispersive species.
Validation of back‐calculated body lengths and timing of growth mark deposition in Hawaiian green sea turtles
Authors: Goshe Lisa R. , Snover Melissa L. , Hohn Aleta A. , Balazs George H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSomatic growth rate data for wild sea turtles can provide insight into life‐stage durations, time to maturation, and total lifespan. When appropriately validated, the technique of skeletochronology allows prior growth rates of sea turtles to be calculated with considerably less time and labor than required by mark‐–recapture studies. We applied skeletochronology to 10 dead, stranded green turtles Chelonia mydas that had previously been measured, tagged, and injected with OTC (oxytetracycline) during mark–recapture studies in Hawaii for validating skeletochronological analysis. We tested the validity of back‐calculating carapace lengths (CLs) from diameters of LAGs (lines of arrested growth), which mark the outer boundaries of individual skeletal growth increments. This validation was achieved by comparing CLs estimated from measurements of the LAG proposed to have been deposited closest to the time of tagging to actual CLs measured at the time of tagging. Measureable OTC‐mark diameters in five turtles also allowed us to investigate the time of year when LAGs are deposited. We found no significant difference between CLs measured at tagging and those estimated through skeletochronology, which supports calculation of somatic growth rates by taking the difference between CLs estimated from successive LAG diameters in humerus bones for this species. Back‐calculated CLs associated with the OTC mark and growth mark deposited closest to tagging indicated that annual LAGs are deposited in the spring. The results of this validation study increase confidence in utilization of skeletochronology to rapidly obtain accurate age and growth data for green turtles.
Are we getting the full picture? Animal responses to camera traps and implications for predator studies
Authors: Meek Paul , Ballard Guy , Fleming Peter , Falzon Greg 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCamera trapping is widely used in ecological studies. It is often considered nonintrusive simply because animals are not captured or handled. However, the emission of light and sound from camera traps can be intrusive. We evaluated the daytime and nighttime behavioral responses of four mammalian predators to camera traps in road‐based, passive (no bait) surveys, in order to determine how this might affect ecological investigations. Wild dogs, European red foxes, feral cats, and spotted‐tailed quolls all exhibited behaviors indicating they noticed camera traps. Their recognition of camera traps was more likely when animals were approaching the device than if they were walking away from it. Some individuals of each species retreated from camera traps and some moved toward them, with negative behaviors slightly more common during the daytime. There was no consistent response to camera traps within species; both attraction and repulsion were observed. Camera trapping is clearly an intrusive sampling method for some individuals of some species. This may limit the utility of conclusions about animal behavior obtained from camera trapping. Similarly, it is possible that behavioral responses to camera traps could affect detection probabilities, introducing as yet unmeasured biases into camera trapping abundance surveys. These effects demand consideration when utilizing camera traps in ecological research and will ideally prompt further work to quantify associated biases in detection probabilities.
Red cell distribution width and mortality in acute heart failure patients with preserved and reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Sotiropoulos Konstantinos , Yerly Patrick , Monney Pierre , Garnier Antoine , Regamey Julien , Hugli Olivier , Martin David , Metrich Melanie , Antonietti Jean‐Philippe , Hullin Roger 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundElevated red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is a valid predictor of outcome in acute heart failure (AHF). It is unknown whether elevated RDW remains predictive in AHF patients with either preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥50% or reduced LVEF (<50%).Methods and resultsProspective local registry including 402 consecutive hospitalized AHF patients without acute coronary syndrome or need of intensive care. The primary outcome was all‐cause mortality (ACM) at 1 year after admission. Demographic and clinical data derive from admission, echocardiographic examinations (n = 269; 67%) from hospitalization.The Cox proportional hazard model including all patients (P < 0.001) was adjusted for age, gender, and RDW quartiles. Independent predictors of 1‐year ACM were cardiogenic shock (HR 2.86; CI: 1.3–6.4), male sex (HR 1.9; CI: 1.2–2.9), high RDW quartile (HR 1.66; CI: 1.02–2.8), chronic HF (HR 1.61; CI: 1.05–2.5), valvular heart disease (HR 1.61; CI: 1.09–2.4), increased diastolic blood pressure (HR 1.02 per mmHg; CI: 1.01–1.03), increasing age (HR 1.04 by year; CI: 1.02–1.07), platelet count (HR 1.002 per G/l; CI: 1.0–1.004), systolic blood pressure (HR 0.99 per mmHg; CI: 0.98–0.99), and weight (HR 0.98 per kg; CI: 0.97–0.99). A total of 114 patients (28.4%) died within the first year; ACM of all patients increased with quartiles of rising RDW (χ2 18; P < 0.001). ACM was not different between RDW quartiles of patients with reduced LVEF (n = 153; χ2 6.6; P = 0.084). In AHF with LVEF ≥50% the probability of ACM increased with rising RDW (n = 116; χ2 9.9; P = 0.0195).ConclusionsHigh RDW is associated with increased ACM in AHF patients with preserved but not with reduced LVEF in this study population.
Heterometallic Cube‐Type Molecular Nitrides
Authors: Mena Miguel , Pérez‐Redondo Adrián , Yélamos Carlos 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPolynuclear transition‐metal nitrido complexes constitute a class of molecular cage compounds with fascinating structures and interesting bonding properties. However, there is a lack of systematic strategies for the rational construction of aggregates with desired structures and compositions. This article provides a brief overview of the structure and bonding modes of polynuclear nitrido complexes, the most common synthetic approaches used to generate such aggregates, and a systematic review of the development of a family of heterometallic nitrido complexes with [MTi3N4] cube‐type cores. The rational entry to those well‐defined systems is based on the incorporation of transition metals, lanthanides, and main‐group metals into the incomplete cube structure of the trinuclear titanium(IV) imido nitrido complex [{TiCp*(µ‐NH)}3(µ3‐N)] (Cp* = η5‐C5Me5). The great versatility of [{TiCp*(µ‐NH)}3(µ3‐N)] as a preorganized metalloligand is also confirmed by the preparation of complexes with heterometals in low (e.g., Mo0, IrI, and Pt0) and high oxidation states (e.g., ZrIV, TaV, and PtIV).
Squalene modulates fatty acid metabolism: Enhanced EPA/DHA in obese/diabetic mice (KK‐Ay) model
Authors: Ravi Kumar Sangeetha , Yamauchi Ippei , Narayan Bhaskar , Katsuki Ami , Hosokawa Masashi , Miyashita Kazuo 
Published: April 2016

Biosynthesis of long‐chain n‐3 fatty acids from precursors is limited. In vivo effect of squalene (SQ) on the metabolic fate of n‐3 fatty acid precursors in obese/diabetic KK‐Ay rodent model was evaluated in our work. Soybean oil, being rich in ALA (18:3 n‐3; a known precursor of EPA/DHA), was chosen as the n‐3 fatty acid precursor rich source. A high‐fat diet (20%) containing 7% soybean oil (SO) was fed to obesity/diabetes‐prone male KK‐Ay mice (control). In the case of diets fed to test groups, soybean oil was replaced with 5% SO and 2% SQ. Hepatic DHA levels increased (four fold) in SQ fed group over control (p < 0.05). Gene and protein expressions of Δ5 and Δ6 desaturases, key enzymes involved in the fatty acid metabolism, further supported the results. Also, SQ exhibited a hypotriglyceridemic and hypoglycemic effect. The results clearly indicated the effect of SQ in modulating the n‐3 fatty acid metabolism, including EPA/DHA synthesis in the presence of n‐3 fatty acid precursor. This is the first report of enhancement of in vivo DHA/EPA by SQ and in turn, modulating the physiological fatty acid profile.Practical applications: Squalene (SQ) is an important marine biofunctional material that is found in some terrestrial sources as well. Squalene, being a cholesterol precursor, forms an interesting subject of research for its effect in vivo. SQ significantly enhanced proportions of EPA and/or DHA when their n‐3 fatty acid precursors were available in the diet. The study further establishes the usefulness of SQ in functional food formulations. The work provides an important basis for further evaluation of the role of SQ in normal and disease conditions.KK‐Ay mice were fed high fat/sucrose diet to induce obesity/diabetes. Fat source in control diet was lard and soybean oil while experimental group diet contained 2% squalene + 13% lard + 5% soybean oil. Feeding squalene for 4 weeks modulated fatty acid metabolism with increased docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and decrease in triglycerides (TG), compared to control. The enhanced DHA in the fatty acid profile was supported by upregulated mRNA expression of Δ5‐desaturase enzyme and protein expression of Δ5 and Δ6 desaturases (FADS1 and FADS2). Additionally, squalene had a hypoglycemic effect in the mice.
Exploration of the Bis(thio)urea‐Catalyzed Atropselective Synthesis of Marinopyrrole A
Authors: Stodulski Maciej , Kohlhepp Stefanie V. , Raabe Gerhard , Gulder Tanja 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe marinopyrroles are a new class of natural products with highly interesting biomedical and structural features. We herein provide a concise, nitrogen‐protective‐group‐free synthesis of marinopyrrole A, constituting the as yet most efficient route. The presented studies elaborate a straightforward and mild chlorination protocol. Moreover, the first study towards the atropselective synthesis of marinopyrrole A, using chiral, C2‐symmetric bisthiourea catalysts, is presented.
Enantioselective Allylation of β‐Haloacrylaldehydes: Formal Total Syntheses of Pteroenone and Antillatoxin
Authors: Koukal Petr , Ulč Jan , Nečas David , Kotora Martin 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA comparative study of the catalytic allylations and crotylations of (E)‐ and (Z)‐haloacrylaldehydes by Lewis bases (chiral N,N′‐dioxides) and Brønsted acids (chiral phosphoric acids) was undertaken. The reactions proceeded with high enantio‐ and diastereoselectivities with slightly better asymmetric induction observed in the case of N,N′‐dioxide catalysis. The formed enantioenriched chiral unsaturated haloalcohols could be considered general building blocks, as they could be used in the syntheses of more complex natural products possessing substituted 1,3‐diene fragments. This was exemplified by the formal total syntheses of pteronenone and antillatoxin.
One‐Pot, Enantioselective Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydroazulen‐6(1H)‐one: A Concise Access to the Core Structure of Cephalotaxus Norditerpenes
Authors: Yongsheng Zheng  , Ghazvini Zadeh Ebrahim H. , Yuan Yu 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA one‐pot enantioselective synthesis of cis‐substituted 2,3‐dihydroazulen‐6(1H)‐one is described. In this cascade reaction, an organocatalyzed asymmetric Michael reaction furnishes a highly optically pure nitrobutylphenol intermediate, which is converted into an annulated tropone species by sequential oxidative dearomatization, conjugate addition, electrocyclic ring opening and nitrous acid elimination in the same reaction vessel. Both aliphatic and aromatic nitroalkenes are good substrates for the one‐pot reaction, and this protocol appears to be general for various phenylpropionaldehydes as well. In the case of asymmetrically substituted phenylpropionaldehydes, the regioselectivity is likely determined by both the steric and electronic properties of the substituents. This methodology is successfully applied to the synthesis of the tricyclic core structure of Cephalotaxus norditerpenes.
Binary Lithium Titanate–Titania Nanocomposite Thin‐Film Electrodes for Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Yu Zhaozhe , Xu Huarui , Zhu Guisheng , Yan Dong Liang , Yu Aibing 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis work introduces a facile approach for preparation of binary nanocomposite thin film electrodes for lithium‐ion batteries with excellent storage capability, high rate performance, and good electrochemical stability. The Li4Ti5O12‐TiO2 film electrodes are prepared by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering deposition using a Li4Ti5O12 and TiO2 powder mixture target as sputtering source in an argon atmosphere. The Li4Ti5O12–TiO2 electrode yields good electrochemical performance in terms of high capacity (295 mAh g−1) at a current density of 0.1 C, good cycling stability (≈5 % capacity loss after 100 cycles at 0.1 C), and excellent rate capability (158 mAh g−1 at a current density of 5 C). The factors contributing to the excellent electrochemical performance are related to the binary nanocomposite structure. The results suggest that the Li4Ti5O12–TiO2 nanocomposite thin film can be used as an anode material for high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries.
Warming‐Up Effects of Phase Change Materials on Lithium‐Ion Batteries Operated at Low Temperatures
Authors: Ling Ziye , Wen Xiaoyan , Zhang Zhengguo , Fang Xiaoming , Xu Tao 
Published: April 2016

AbstractLithium‐ion battery performance is strongly dependent on thermal conditions, deteriorating dramatically at low temperatures. Herein, a passive thermal management system utilizing RT28/fumed silica composite phase change materials (PCMs) is evaluated for a lithium‐ion battery at temperatures below 5 °C. Taking advantage of the high thermal energy storage capacity, PCMs can store heat and keep a battery warm. The cells with PCMs take much longer before being too cold than cells without PCMs. The improved thermal conditions lead to higher voltages and discharge capacities. In the long term, PCMs increase the average temperature of the battery in continuous cycles and prolong their cycle life by up to 76 %. But the extra thermal mass of the PCM slows the temperature rise so that the cell with PCM fails to perform well at the beginning stages in cold environments.
Selected pharmaceuticals entering an estuary: Concentrations, temporal trends, partitioning, and fluxes
Authors: Cantwell Mark G. , Katz David R. , Sullivan Julia C. , Ho Kay , Burgess Robert M. , Cashman Michaela 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

In many coastal watersheds and ecosystems, rivers discharging to estuaries receive waters from domestic wastewater-treatment plants resulting in the release and distribution of pharmaceuticals to the marine environment. In the present study, 15 active pharmaceutical ingredients were measured regularly over 1 yr in the dissolved and particulate phases as they entered Narragansett Bay from the Pawtuxet River in Cranston (Rhode Island, USA). Of the active pharmaceutical ingredients measured, 14 were consistently present in the dissolved phase, with concentrations ranging from below detection to &gt;310 ng/L, whereas 8 were present in the particulate phase (0.2–18 ng/g). Partition coefficients (Kds and KOCs) were determined, and organic carbon normalization reduced variability associated with Kds for the active pharmaceutical ingredients evaluated. Flux estimates based on river flow were calculated for both dissolved and particulate-phase active pharmaceutical ingredients, with particulate fluxes being low (1–12 g/yr) and dissolved fluxes of active pharmaceutical ingredients being 155 g/yr to 11 600 g/yr. Results indicate that the pharmaceuticals measured in the present study reside primarily in the dissolved phase and thus are likely bioavailable on entering the estuarine waters of Narragansett Bay. This long-term temporal study provides important information on seasonal and annual dynamics of pharmaceuticals in an urban estuarine watershed. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2665–2673. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Improving secrecy for multi‐relay multi‐eavesdropper wireless systems through relay selection
Authors: Ding Xiaojin , Song T. , Zou Yulong , Chen X. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a cooperative relay network consisting of a source, a destination and multiple decode‐and‐forward relays in the presence of multiple eavesdroppers, which intend to tap confidential messages transmitted by both the source and relays. We propose both the so‐called secrecy maximisation oriented relay selection (SMORS) and multi‐relay oriented relay selection (MRORS) schemes to improve the physical layer security of wireless communications. In the SMORS scheme, a single relay with the maximal secrecy rate is selected among all the decode‐and‐forward relays to forward the source signal. By contrast, in the MRORS scheme, the relays that succeed in decoding the source signal will be employed to simultaneously forward their decoded signals to the destination. We analyse the intercept probability of the SMORS and MRORS schemes as well as the traditional max–min relay selection scheme. It is shown that the proposed MRORS scheme outperforms the SMORS and max–min relay selection schemes in terms of the intercept probability. Additionally, it is shown that with an increasing number of eavesdroppers, the intercept performance of wireless communications degrades, which can be well addressed using the SMORS and MRORS schemes through increasing the number of relays. By contrast, increasing the number of relays has little impact on the intercept probability for the conventional max–min relay selection scheme Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dolabella‐3,7,18‐triene, the main constituent of the essential oil of the white lotus flower (Nymphaea lotus, Nymphaeaceae)
Authors: Pottier Maud , Albuquerque Bheatriz Nunes de Lima , Bezerra‐Silva Patrícia Cristina , da Rocha Suyana Karolyne Lino , Maia Artur Campos Dália , Hallwass Fernando , Navarro‐Vázquez Armando , Navarro Daniela Maria do Amaral Ferraz 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis is the first report on the chemical composition of the essential oil of the flowers of the white lotus (Nymphaea lotus, Nymphaeaceae). The relative configuration of its main constituent, the diterpenoid dolabella‐3,7,18‐triene, was determined to be (1R,3E,7E,11S,12S) on the basis of DFT DP4 13C‐NMR quantitative chemical shift analysis. Both the essential oil (LC50 < 50 ppm) and aqueous solution (55% larvae mortality in 50% (v/v) concentration) obtained through hydrodistillation extraction exhibited a satisfactory larvicidal effect against Aedes aegypti larvae. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of nutritional properties of three species of marine turban snails for human consumption
Authors: Ab Lah Roslizawati , Smith Joshua , Savins Dale , Dowell Ashley , Bucher Daniel , Benkendorff Kirsten 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTurban snails (family Turbinidae) are gastropod molluscs that are harvested for human consumption yet little is known about the nutritional properties of these snails, particularly from Australian waters. This study compares the proximate composition (ash, moisture, protein, and lipid content), fatty acid profiles, mineral, and trace element content of three species of turbinid snails; Turbo militaris, Lunella undulata, and Lunella torquata from northern New South Wales, Australia. They were all found to have relatively high protein in their flesh (16.0% to 18.5% of the fresh weight). L. torquata had a significantly higher lipid content (8.5% w/w) than L. undulata (5.2% w/w), whereas T. militaris (5.6% w/w) was not significantly different to either. Analysis with gas chromatography showed there was no significant difference in monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content, with an average of approximately 14% of the total fatty acids in all three species. However, saturated fatty acids (SFA) were significantly higher in T. militaris (41%), whereas polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were significantly higher in L. undulata (46%). The ratio of n−3/n−6 fatty acids ranged from 1.1 in T. militaris to 1.4 in L. torquata, which is good for human health and comparable to other high value gastropods. The results indicate that T. militaris, L. undulata, and L. torquata provide a good source of essential elements such as zinc, selenium, and iron. At the location studied, toxic metals and metalloids were below safe recommended standards for human consumption. Overall, this study confirms the suitability of turban snails as a nutritional food for human consumption.
Evaluation of analytical methods for the determination of the physicochemical properties of fermented, granulated, and roasted cassava pulp ‐ gari
Authors: Felber Cornelia , Azouma Yaovi Ouézou , Reppich Marcus 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSimple but reliable methods for the determination of the physicochemical properties of gari were evaluated for the parameters, such as grain size, bulk density, swelling index, moisture content, gross calorific value, cyanide content, and acidity content. The grain sizes were between 525 and 928 μm (weighted means), the bulk densities between 0.541 and 0.699 g/cm³, and the swelling indices between 3.21 and 4.33. The moisture contents ranged from 4.30 to 9.19%. The gross calorific values were found between 15.45 and 15.82 kJ/g. The cyanide contents were between 0 and 4.8 ppm. The acidity contents varied among 0.55 and 1.62%. Correlation tests verified the influences of the grain size and the moisture content on the acidity content with a probability of 99.9%. The methods were regarded as suitable and adaptable for the application in small and medium cassava‐processing industries with special regard to the respect of the consumer`s health safety.