bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of cancer development on the risk of mycobacterial diseases among rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: PAN S.-W. , YEN Y.-F. , KOU Y. R. , CHUANG P.-H. , FENG J.-Y. , CHAN Y.-J. , SU W.-J. 
Published: July 2017

SUMMARYMycobacterial diseases are prevalent in cancer and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, especially those receiving tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor (TNFi). However, the impact of cancer development on the risk of mycobacterial diseases among RA patients is unknown. Data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database were used to conduct a retrospective study to assess the occurrence of mycobacterial diseases in RA patients developing cancer (cancer-positive), those using TNFi (TNFi-exposure), those with cancer and using TNFi (cancer-TNFi-comb), and those without cancer and not using TNFi (cancer-TNFi-free). Cancer and TNFi exposure were time-dependent, and independent risk factors of mycobacterial diseases were assessed by Cox regression. Among 1344 RA patients diagnosed during 2000–2013, 68 (5·1%) developed cancer before their end points. The incidence rates of mycobacterial diseases in the cancer-positive (n = 56), TNFi-exposure (n = 290), cancer-TNFi-comb (n = 12), and cancer-TNFi-free (n = 986) subgroups were 6·7, 2·0, 7·6, and 1·3 per 1000 person-years, respectively. As compared with the cancer-TNFi-free group, the risk for mycobacterial diseases increased for the TNFi-exposure group (adjusted HR = 3·6, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1·1–11·5, P = 0·032) and remained high for cancer-positive (adjusted HR = 14·6, 95% CI 3·3–63·7, P < 0·001) after adjustment. This study suggested that cancer development increased the risk of mycobacterial diseases in RA patients, and risk assessment for this subgroup should be considered.
Status and range decline of two galliform species in South-East Asia
Authors: TRAN VY NGUYEN , NGOPRASERT DUSIT , BROWNE STEPHEN , SAVINI TOMMASO 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThe South-East Asian ranges of two narrow-geographical range species, Germain’s Peacock PheasantPolyplectron germaini(GPP) and Orange-necked PartridgeArborophila davidi(ONP) have been shrinking due to pressures from anthropogenic activities. To improve our knowledge of population densities of Germain’s Peacock Pheasant and the Orange-necked Partridge in their remaining habitats, their current and historical distribution range, and the contraction of their distribution range as a surrogate for population declines, we carried out line and point transect surveys in protected areas in southern Vietnam to estimate their density and subsequently model their habitat associations. Our results consistently showed that the density of the GPP was not significantly different among mosaic, evergreen, or mixed deciduous forests, but appeared to be notably lower in bamboo forest, while the density of the ONP was highest in evergreen and mosaic forests and lower in bamboo, with no detections in mixed-deciduous forest. GPP was mostly found close to water sources in mosaic, evergreen and mixed-deciduous forests. The presence of ONP was positively associated with elevation, evergreen and mosaic forest. Primary forest loss, mainly in the lowlands, within the ranges of both species was at least 70% over the last 70 years, suggesting that suitable habitats within the range of both species may have shrunk by at least 60–70%. In addition, a number of threats still occur in their remaining suitable habitats, making them increasingly vulnerable in the long-term, if conservation interventions, such as increased protection, are not implemented.
Independent associations of dairy and calcium intakes with colorectal cancers in the Adventist Health Study-2 cohort
Authors: Tantamango-Bartley Yessenia , Knutsen Synnove F , Jaceldo-Siegl Karen , Fan Jing , Mashchak Andrew , Fraser Gary E 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveResults associating dairy and Ca intakes with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk have been mixed. Most previous analyses have suffered from confounding between dairy and Ca intakes. We examined independent associations between these variables, also dairy foods, and CRC incidence in a population with a large range of dairy intakes.DesignAdventist Health Study-2 is a cohort study where subjects were enrolled 2002–2007. Proportional hazard regression analyses were performed to estimate hazard ratios (HR). Regression calibration was used to correct for dietary measurement error.SettingThe population lived in all states of the USA.SubjectsThere were 77712 analytic subjects, all of whom were Seventh-day Adventists. Much of their dietary Ca came from non-dairy sources.SubjectsDuring a mean follow-up of 7·8 years, 380 incident colon cancer and 111 incident rectal cancer cases were observed.ResultsComparing extreme quintiles of intake in measurement error-corrected analyses, dairy intake (HR=0·31; 95 % CI 0·09, 0·88), independent of total Ca, was inversely related with risk of rectal cancer but gave little indication of association with colon cancer. However, total Ca intake (independent of dairy) was associated with risk of colon cancer (HR=0·55; 95 % CI 0·28, 0·98) and there was little indication of association with rectal cancer. Traditional regression analyses and associations with macronutrients from dairy generally supported these results. Milk intake was also negatively associated with CRC (HR=0·63; 95 % CI 0·43, 0·89).ConclusionsDairy intake may decrease the risk of rectal cancer, and Ca may reduce risk of colon cancer and CRC.
Effectiveness of the MetSLIM lifestyle intervention targeting individuals of low socio-economic status and different ethnic origins with elevated waist-to-height ratio
Authors: Bukman Andrea J , Teuscher Dorit , Meershoek Agnes , Renes Reint Jan , van Baak Marleen A , Feskens Edith JM 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether the lifestyle intervention MetSLIM targeting individuals of low socio-economic status of Turkish, Moroccan and Dutch origin was successful in improving waist circumference and other cardiometabolic risk factors, lifestyle behaviour and quality of life.DesignA quasi-experimental intervention study (Netherlands Trial Register NTR3721). The intervention group participated in a 12-month combined dietary and physical activity programme. Examinations were performed at baseline and after 12 months. Participants underwent anthropometric measurements and blood withdrawal, and completed questionnaires on dietary intake, physical activity and quality of life.SettingSocio-economically deprived neighbourhoods in two Dutch cities, involving non-blinded ethnicity-matched and gender-matched research assistants, dietitians and sports instructors.SubjectsMainly Turkish (49 %) and Dutch (36 %) subjects, aged 30–70 years, with a waist-to-height ratio of &gt;0·5 (intervention,n117; control,n103). Dropout was 31 %.ResultsAt 12 months, the intervention group showed greater improvements than the control group in waist circumference (β=−3·3 cm, 95 % CI −4·7, −1·8,P&lt;0·001) and other obesity measures. Additionally, greater reductions were observed for total cholesterol (β=−0·33 mmol/l, 95 % CI −0·56, −0·10,P=0·005) and LDL cholesterol (β=−0·35 mmol/l, 95 % CI −0·56, −0·14,P=0·001). Dietary changes were significant for fibre intake (β=1·5 g/4184 kJ (1000 kcal), 95 % CI 0·3, 2·7,P=0·016). Compared with the control group, the intervention group reported a decrease in total minutes of physical activity (β=−573 min/week, 95 % CI −1126, −21,P=0·042) and showed improvements in the quality-of-life domains ‘health transition’ and ‘general health’.ConclusionsMetSLIM was shown to be effective in improving waist circumference, total and LDL cholesterol, and quality of life among Dutch and Turkish individuals living in deprived neighbourhoods.
Correlates and family aggregation of vitamin D concentrations in school-aged children and their parents in nine Mesoamerican countries
Authors: Robinson Sonia L , Ramirez-Zea Manuel , Roman Ana Victoria , Villamor Eduardo ,   for the Nine Mesoamerican Countries Metabolic Syndrome Study (NiMeCoMeS) Group
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the associations of sociodemographic characteristics, diet and outdoor activity as an indicator of sun exposure with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations in children and their parents from Mesoamerica. We also quantified family aggregation of serum 25(OH)D.DesignCross-sectional study. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were quantified using immunoassay. We compared the distribution of 25(OH)D concentrations in adults and children by levels of each correlate with the use of linear regression. Family aggregation was estimated using Pearson and intraclass correlation coefficients.SettingCapital cities of Guatemala, El Salvador, the Dominican Republic, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama and Belize, and Tuxtla Gutiérrez in Mexico.SubjectsChildren (n223) aged 7–12 years and 492 parents.ResultsMean (sd) 25(OH)D concentrations in adults and children were 81·3 (21·1) and 79·5 (18·1) nmol/l, respectively. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD; 25(OH)D <50 nmol/l) was 3·9 % among adults and 3·6 % among children. In adults, adjusted mean 25(OH)D concentrations were highest in Nicaragua (P<0·0001). Serum 25(OH)D was positively related to time spent gardening (P=0·03). Among children, 25(OH)D concentrations were positively associated with male sex (P=0·005), dairy intake (P=0·03) and mother’s serum 25(OH)D concentrations (P<0·0001); and inversely associated with mother’s BMI (P=0·02) and number of home assets (P=0·04). Family membership explained 31 % of the variability in 25(OH)D concentrations; aggregation was highest between mothers and children.ConclusionsVDD prevalence was low in this study. Sociodemographic characteristics, diet and outdoor activity predict serum 25(OH)D. Family aggregation of serum 25(OH)D is high between mothers and children.
High-protein goat’s milk diet identified through newborn screening: clinical warning of a potentially dangerous dietetic practice
Authors: Maines Evelina , Gugelmo Giorgia , Tadiotto Elisa , Pietrobelli Angelo , Campostrini Natascia , Pasini Andrea , Ion-Popa Florina , Vincenzi Monica , Teofoli Francesca , Camilot Marta , Bordugo Andrea 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveBreast-feeding is an unequalled way of providing optimal food for infants’ healthy growth and development and the WHO recommends that infants should be exclusively breast-fed for the first 6 months of life. For mothers who are unable to breast-feed or who decide not to, infant formulas are the safest alternative. Despite recommendations, it is possible that parents make potentially harmful nutritional choices for their children because of cultural beliefs or misinformation on infant nutrition. We describe a possible health risk of not breast-feeding, highlighting a potentially dangerous dietetic practice.Design/Setting/SubjectsWe report the case of a newborn who was fed with undiluted goat’s milk because her mother could not breast-feed and was not aware of infant formulas.ResultsThe dietary mistake was detected because of a positive expanded newborn screening result, characterized by severe hypertyrosinaemia with high methionine and phenylalanine levels, a pattern suggestive of severe liver impairment. The pattern of plasma amino acids was related to a goat’s milk diet, because of its very different composition compared with human milk and infant formula.ConclusionsOur experience demonstrates that, when breast-feeding is not possible or is not exclusive, infants may be at risk of dangerous nutritional practices, including diets with very high protein content, such as a goat’s milk diet. Families of not breast-fed infants may need appropriate advice on safe alternatives for infant nutrition to avoid the risks of inappropriate diets.
Saving for retirement by the self-employed
Authors: JOULFAIAN DAVID 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWhen compared with wage earners, the self-employed are reported to have a lower take up rate of tax-favored retirement plans in the United States. Using panel data from federal income tax returns for the years 1999–2006, this paper explores the various factors that shape the observed pattern of contributions to such plans by the self-employed. Consistent with previous findings in the literature, contributions rise with income, tax rates, as well as savings in taxable accounts. More interestingly, the novel findings in this paper address the role that debt plays in shaping contributions. While housing and business-related debts are accorded similar tax treatment, the findings show that contributions decline with business debt whereas they rise with household debt.
Clément Juglar and Algeria: three pillars of modern anti-colonial criticism
Authors: PARENT ANTOINE , BUTLER ROBERT 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to recall the forgotten opposition of Clément Juglar to the colonization of Algeria, the originality of this position, and his contributions to the genesis of analysing colonial institutions. Juglar was not a theoretician of colonialism, but a liberal economist who rejected the process of colonization on economic grounds. This paper provides evidence that conventional wisdom on French colonialism is indebted to his work. The issues of capital returns in the colonies, French colonialism as mercantilism and protectionism, and the role of colonial institutions in economic development were all addressed by Juglar. He identified property rights and colonial institutions as central issues in his explanation of the predictable failure of colonialism, and in doing so he can be regarded as a forerunner of neo-institutionalist analysis of colonialism.
The Hayek–Friedman hypothesis on the press: is there an association between economic freedom and press freedom?
Authors: BJØRNSKOV CHRISTIAN 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe Hayek–Friedman hypothesis states that economic freedom is causally associated with stable democracy. I test a particular element of the hypothesis focusing on press freedom, which is arguably a necessary component of any democratic polity. Combining the Freedom House index of press freedom and the Heritage Foundation Index of Economic Freedom yields a large annual panel dataset between 1993 and 2011. Estimates show that improvements in economic freedom are associated with subsequent improvements of press freedom. The overall association is mainly driven by changes in market openness.
Becoming a torturer: Towards a global ergonomics of care
Authors: Luke Austin Jonathan , Bocco Riccardo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHow do people become torturers? And how do we stop that transformation? This article addresses these questions by calling on academics and practitioners to consider caring for – expressing sympathy, understanding, and working with – the figure of the “not-quite-yet” torturer. We begin by noting the globality of torture across space and regime type, and suggest that this globality indicates how torture is – very frequently – not the result of any decision or order. This is followed by a discussion of the “consciousness” of the torturer vis-à-vis (1) their paradoxical emotional scarring by their own actions, and (2) their frequent descriptions of having, indeed, never themselves “intended” to torture someone. Drawing on recent developments in the theory of consciousness, we then argue that this non-purposeful enaction of torture can be understood in terms of certain somatic markers that lead, in particular material-situational settings, to people slipping towards violence. Drawing on the theory of the emergence of violence put forward by Jonathan Luke Austin, we then sketch out more fully the process of becoming a torturer in terms of the situational and material dynamics that encourage these slippages, as well as a global circulatory system of violent knowledges through various sources that become activated in particular settings. We thus suggest that becoming a torturer is more a process of transition than of decision, before noting that this distinction is often lost in the cultural cycle of torture that emerges once torture has begun. Finally, we move to outlining the implications of this non-purposeful understanding of torture by arguing for a new preventive strategy based on the principles of ergonomics and modifying the training regimes of the most common professions from which torturers emerge (the military, the police, etc.) in order to make it harder to slip towards violence. We suggest, ultimately, that this strategy of prevention requires placing ourselves in the uncomfortable position of working to care for both the becoming-torturer and the torturers themselves, in order to help them both preserve their own humanity.
The prevalence and service utilisation associated with mental and substance use disorders in Lao People’s Democratic Republic: findings from a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Charlson F. , Diminic S. , Choulamany C. , Santomauro D. , Raja S. , Whiteford H. 
Published: July 2017

Aims.An epidemiological survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of the mental and substance use disorders and ascertain patterns of mental health services utilisation in Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) with the aim of evaluating existing gaps and opportunities in the provision of mental health services.Methods.This study was a cross-sectional, household survey of adults living within Vientiane Capital province, Lao PDR. We collected data on participant demographics, mental and physical health status, family history of mental illness and exposure to potential risk factors. It also collected data on mental health service utilisation patterns, types of health professionals and treatment being accessed, barriers to treatment and perceived need for care. The MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI v.6.0) was also administered to assess mental disorder prevalence.Results.Age- and sex-standardised current prevalence of any disorder was estimated at 15.2% (95% CI 11.0–20.7). Alcohol dependence (5.5% (95% CI 3.2–9.6)), was the most prevalent followed by anxiety disorders (5.2% (95% CI 3.2–8.3)) and mood disorders (2.5% (95% CI 1.5–4.4)). 11.0% (95% CI 5.8–20.1) of participants with a mental and/or substance use disorder suffered from other comorbid disorders. A number of variables demonstrated significant effects in final logistic regression models, including family history, education and employment for mental disorders; and gender, numbers of hours worked per week and number of dependants for substance use disorders. Having a mental or substance use disorder was associated with an OR of 11.6 of suicidality over participants without a mental or substance use disorder (95% CI 2.8–58.5). Of the 101 participants who met criteria for a current mental or substance use disorder, only two (2.1% (95% CI 0.5–8.0)) had accessed services for their mental health in the past 12 months. No participants who had seen a health professional in the past 12 months reported getting as much help as they needed. The vast majority (89.2% (95% CI 76.5–95.4)) of participants meeting criteria for a current mental or substance use disorder reported that they had not experienced mental health problems in the past 12 months.Conclusions.This study presents the first epidemiological estimates for a range of mental and substance use disorders in the general population of the most populous province in Lao PDR. A large treatment gap exists for mental and substance use disorders in Lao PDR. This research adds value for health care and has been an important precursor to developing informed and targeted mental health policy, services and health system reform in Lao PDR.
High performance platinum single atom electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Liu Jing , Jiao Menggai , Lu Lanlu , Barkholtz Heather M. , Li Yuping , Wang Ying , Jiang Luhua , Wu Zhijian , Liu Di-jia , Zhuang Lin , Ma Chao , Zeng Jie , Zhang Bingsen , Su Dangsheng , Song Ping , Xing Wei , Xu Weilin , Wang Ying , Jiang Zheng , Sun Gongquan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFor the large-scale sustainable implementation of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells in vehicles, high-performance electrocatalysts with low platinum consumption are desirable for use as cathode material during the oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells. Here we report a carbon black-supported cost-effective, efficient and durable platinum single-atom electrocatalyst with carbon monoxide/methanol tolerance for the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction. The acidic single-cell with such a catalyst as cathode delivers high performance, with power density up to 680 mW cm−2 at 80 °C with a low platinum loading of 0.09 mgPt cm−2, corresponding to a platinum utilization of 0.13 gPt kW−1 in the fuel cell. Good fuel cell durability is also observed. Theoretical calculations reveal that the main effective sites on such platinum single-atom electrocatalysts are single-pyridinic-nitrogen-atom-anchored single-platinum-atom centres, which are tolerant to carbon monoxide/methanol, but highly active for the oxygen reduction reaction.
Actomyosin drives cancer cell nuclear dysmorphia and threatens genome stability
Authors: Takaki Tohru , Montagner Marco , Serres Murielle P. , Le Berre Maël , Russell Matt , Collinson Lucy , Szuhai Karoly , Howell Michael , Boulton Simon J. , Sahai Erik , Petronczki Mark 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAltered nuclear shape is a defining feature of cancer cells. The mechanisms underlying nuclear dysmorphia in cancer remain poorly understood. Here we identify PPP1R12A and PPP1CB, two subunits of the myosin phosphatase complex that antagonizes actomyosin contractility, as proteins safeguarding nuclear integrity. Loss of PPP1R12A or PPP1CB causes nuclear fragmentation, nuclear envelope rupture, nuclear compartment breakdown and genome instability. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of actomyosin contractility restores nuclear architecture and genome integrity in cells lacking PPP1R12A or PPP1CB. We detect actin filaments at nuclear envelope rupture sites and define the Rho-ROCK pathway as the driver of nuclear damage. Lamin A protects nuclei from the impact of actomyosin activity. Blocking contractility increases nuclear circularity in cultured cancer cells and suppresses deformations of xenograft nuclei in vivo. We conclude that actomyosin contractility is a major determinant of nuclear shape and that unrestrained contractility causes nuclear dysmorphia, nuclear envelope rupture and genome instability.
Electron ptychographic microscopy for three-dimensional imaging
Authors: Gao Si , Wang Peng , Zhang Fucai , Martinez Gerardo T. , Nellist Peter D. , Pan Xiaoqing , Kirkland Angus I. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractKnowing the three-dimensional structural information of materials at the nanometer scale is essential to understanding complex material properties. Electron tomography retrieves three-dimensional structural information using a tilt series of two-dimensional images. In this paper, we report an alternative combination of electron ptychography with the inverse multislice method. We demonstrate depth sectioning of a nanostructured material into slices with 0.34 nm lateral resolution and with a corresponding depth resolution of about 24–30 nm. This three-dimensional imaging method has potential applications for the three-dimensional structure determination of a range of objects, ranging from inorganic nanostructures to biological macromolecules.