bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synchronous straight-wire part 2: application
Authors: Cole Charles , Hammond Jon 
Published: August 2017

Synchronous Straight-Wire (SSW) is the trademark of the authors Charles Cole and Jon Hammond. In part one the SSW technique was introduced, the reasons for its development were explained and the theory outlined. The aim of this second paper is to demonstrate the SSW technique. A case is presented to demonstrate the technique, all aspects of the malocclusion being addressed concurrently. The case is then treated in 11 visits, reducing the PAR score from 38 to 0, giving a Treatment Efficiency Index (TEI) of 3.45. The conclusions that can be drawn are that the technique offers a more efficient means of undertaking fixed appliance treatments and highlights the advantages of pre-programming the entire appliance and using a coherent mechanism to facilitate 3-dimensional movements. Clinical Relevance: This paper demonstrates a means of organizing simultaneous treatment events by synchronizing, rather than sequencing, tooth movement, thereby giving greater efficiency than other techniques. It requires a radically different approach to treatment mechanics and a fundamental shift in thinking.
The migration of a mesiodens over eight years: a case report
Authors: Shafi Imran , Gardner Alastair , Brocklebank Laetitia 
Published: August 2017

The term mesiodens describes a conical supernumerary tooth located between the maxillary central incisors. Complications of these teeth include: disturbance of the eruption pattern of neighbouring teeth; spacing; crowding; displacement or total failure of eruption. Finally, they can migrate and cause damage to neighbouring structures. This case report describes a clinical case in which a mesiodens migrated over an eight-year period distally from the anterior of the maxilla along the palate. Radiographic techniques of plain radiography and Cone Beam Computed Tomography were used to locate its exact position. Clinical Relevance: This paper discusses briefly the aetiology and complications of mesiodentes, and highlights the fact that they can migrate in the maxilla significant distances from their original position. This raises the question as to whether or not their position should be monitored.
A complication with orthodontic fixed retainers: a case report
Authors: Abudiak Hani , Shelton A , Spencer RJ , Burns L , Littlewood SJ 
Published: August 2017

Fixed retainers are a popular method of maintaining incisor position following orthodontic treatment. This paper reviews the complications reported with fixed retainers and reports a case in which suspected activation in a multistrand bonded retainer had caused severe unwanted movement of two teeth in the upper labial segment. Clinical Relevance: This paper stresses the importance of passive fixed retainers and the need for long-term review of patients wearing bonded retainers.
Cone beam computed tomography – tales of the unexpected
Authors: Ahmed Nadia M , Nazir Mariyah 
Published: August 2017

This case report highlights the benefit of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in the diagnosis of incisor root resorption. Management of a 13-year-old patient, who was referred for an orthodontic assessment of an unerupted maxillary canine which was in complete transposition with the upper lateral incisor, is discussed. CBCT highlighted root resorption of the lateral incisor, as well as the central incisor, and provided additional diagnostic information to that shown by plain radiographic films. Clinical Relevance: To demonstrate the efficacy of CBCT in detecting incisor root resorption secondary to maxillary canine impaction.
Multidisciplinary care – how should we manage the complex orthodontic/paediatric dentistry case? part 1
Authors: Parvizi Farnaz , John Rebecca , Crawford Peter JM , Atack Nikki 
Published: August 2017

These two articles aim to outline the importance of combined paediatric dentistry-orthodontic planning in the management of complex cases of the developing dentition. They will use case studies to highlight those patients who would most benefit from such a combined approach.Clinical Relevance: For patients who present with complex needs in the developing dentition, it is important that the paediatric and orthodontic teams work closely in order to achieve optimum patient care at the appropriate time.
Useful concepts for critical appraisal: 2. considering chance
Authors: Suchak Archna , Johal Ama , Wade Angie 
Published: August 2017

There is an increasing volume of research undertaken within orthodontics and with this comes a need to evaluate what is available. This short series aims to help the orthodontist revise basic concepts of critical appraisal and pertinent statistics. Clinical Relevance: Critical appraisal skills are valuable tools that can aid clinical decision-making. In this article, we cover concepts including basic descriptive statistics, significance testing and confidence intervals.
The dilemma of commissioning: the isle of wight orthodontic managed clinical network: a 3-year review part 1: patterns of referrals
Authors: Lammiman Elizabeth , Robinson Stephen , Ireland Robert 
Published: August 2017

The key objective of developing the Isle of Wight orthodontic service managed clinical network (IOWOS MCN) was to create an integrated service measuring the referral patterns and, ultimately, the current orthodontic need. The first part of this two part series will describe the referrals to the integrated service during the period 2006–2009. A total of 2801 referrals was analysed of which 80% of the 11–18 year-old cohort referrals were considered to have high need for treatment, 8.5% were of moderate need and 11.8% of referrals were considered inappropriate. There was a high level of appropriate referral for orthodontic treatment within the IOWOS MCN but the method of calculating orthodontic need is complex. Clinical Relevance: This first part of a two part series provides an insight into some of the complexities of commissioning orthodontic care by reference to the referral data collected over the first three years of a recently established orthodontic managed clinical network on the Isle of Wight.
Accidental ingestion of orthodontic band loop
Authors: Jena Ashok Kumar , Singh Satinder Pal , Utreja Ashok , Verma Raj Kumar 
Published: August 2017

Any object routinely placed into or removed from the oral cavity during dental or surgical procedures can be aspirated or swallowed. Handling of small instruments or appliances requires special care, particularly when the patient is supine or semi-supine. Prevention of such incidence by the mandatory use of precautions during all dental procedures is the best approach. This case report describes an accidental swallowing of a piece of orthodontic band material and its management, and up-to-date knowledge on prevention and management of foreign body ingestion. Clinical Relevance: Many complications can arise during regular dental care procedures. Aspiration or ingestion of foreign bodies has the potential of resulting in acute medical and life-threatening emergencies as it can be a cause of accidental death. Also, in supine or semi-supine patients, the risk of aspiration or ingestion is increased. Readers should understand that aspiration or ingestion of foreign bodies is a significant medical emergency and should keep themselves updated on how to avoid and manage such an emergency.
Bonded orthodontic retainers
Authors: Patel Amish , Naini Farhad B , Gill Daljit 
Published: August 2017

Bonded orthodontic retainers have gained in popularity during recent years to maintain tooth positions upon completion of active tooth movement. This article aims to give an overview of the use of bonded retainers, discuss the different techniques for placement and review the different types of bonded retainers that are available. Clinical Relevance: This article reviews a number of methods and materials used to construct bonded retainers and also provides evidence of failure rates.
What factors might affect the success of fixed appliance therapy in adolescent patients? part 1
Authors: Williams Julie C , Atack Nicola E , Sandy Jonathan , Ireland Anthony 
Published: August 2017

The success of orthodontic treatment can be judged in a number of ways, two of which are treatment efficiency and occlusal outcome. Treatment efficiency can be measured in terms of length of treatment and number of visits, whilst occlusal outcomes can be both dynamic and static. The factors that affect success can be considered under three headings, namely patient factors, operator factors and appliance factors. This article will consider outcome and the patient factors which might affect treatment success in our adolescent patients, whilst Part 2 will consider operator and appliance factors. Clinical Relevance: The conversational model of consent requires that clinicians disclose all of the appropriate information to patients prior to them making the decision whether to accept or decline treatment. 1 Understanding factors that could affect the outcome with respect to both treatment efficiency and occlusal result will therefore help inform this consent process.
Tooth reshaping as an integral part of orthodontic treatment
Authors: Griffiths Sarah E , Sandler P Jonathan 
Published: August 2017

Tooth reshaping is becoming an integral part of orthodontic treatment to maximize the aesthetic outcome. The removal of incisor mamelons with Sof-Lex™ discs is a straightforward, easy and minimally invasive way of dramatically improving the appearance of previously unworn incisors. This method can be used during the finishing stages of orthodontic treatment. Clinical Relevance: The dental team often encounters patients with misshapen and malformed teeth. Reshaping teeth is fast becoming an integral part of orthodontic treatment. When used in appropriate cases, tooth reshaping can be an effective, minimally invasive technique to achieve a highly aesthetic result
Clinical efficacy of the damon (self-ligation) system in a borderline case
Authors: Doshi Jigar R , Trivedi Kalyani , Shyagali Tarulatha 
Published: August 2017

For many years, orthodontists have ligated brackets with wire or elastomeric ties. Much of our treatment planning and mechanics have been dictated by a mechanical system incorporating significant amounts of friction. This article will present a nearly friction free system using high-tech brackets and wires, which is claimed to reduce the need for auxiliary expanders significantly. Clinical Relevance: Self-ligation systems have the advantage of low friction mechanics; this may produce significant expansion in the premolar and molar regions. In addition, very low forces for orthodontic tooth movement are applied when compared to conventional brackets.
The control of unwanted tooth movement — an overview of orthodontic anchorage
Authors: Naish Hywel J , Dunbar Claire , Atack Nikki E , Williams Julie C , Sandy Jonathan R , Ireland Anthony J 
Published: August 2017

The success of orthodontic treatment relies upon careful treatment planning, for both desired and unwanted tooth movement. The theory behind anchorage reinforcement will be considered and the current means of anchorage support and creation will be described. Methods by which the orthodontist can reduce anchorage demand and measure anchorage loss will also be discussed. Clinical Relevance: To understand the clinical applications of the theory of unwanted orthodontic tooth movement and be able to give examples of planned means of increasing anchorage and decreasing anchorage demands.
Transpalatal, nance and lingual arch appliances: clinical tips and applications
Authors: Almuzian Mohammed , Alharbi Fahad , Chung Lucy Lai-King , McIntyre Grant 
Published: August 2017

Transpalatal arches (TPAs) are widely used in clinical orthodontics. The versatility of the TPA makes it an extremely useful adjunct to both conventional and contemporary fixed appliance treatment. This paper describes the history, the variety of designs and the clinical steps and laboratory methods for TPA construction. The range of clinical applications of the TPA are presented using a series of cases. Clinical Relevance: The TPA is widely used in clinical orthodontics but published information is scarce with no review article having been published to date.
Beginner's guide to becoming a successful consultant - a personal experience of the first year
Authors: Patel Anjli 
Published: August 2017

This article aims to outline some of the things one can do to ease the transition into becoming a contented and successful consultant. The first part concentrates on how to be appointed to the post you would like. The second part focuses on how to steer your career once you have been appointed to your dream post. Clinical Relevance:
Distalizing maxillary molars – how do you do it?
Authors: Almuzian Mohammed , Alharbi Fahad , White Jill , McIntyre Grant 
Published: August 2017

Maxillary molar distalization has been used in orthodontics for over 100 years. This technique has been used to gain space in the maxillary arch for relief of crowding, correction of a Class II molar relationship and reduction of an increased overjet. A plethora of appliances have been developed over the years with each having advantages and disadvantages. This article details the indications and contra-indications for maxillary molar distalization and details the various appliances that are available to clinicians, presenting the available evidence supporting the use of these various appliances. Clinical Relevance: Clinicians should be familiar with the clinical indications for maxillary molar distalization, the potential unwanted effects and how these can be minimized. Clinicians should also appreciate how molar distalization can be incorporated with other aspects of orthodontic care.
Adult orthodontic patients in primary care and their motivation for seeking treatment
Authors: Singh Parmjit 
Published: August 2017

The study aims to provide information on why adults seek orthodontic treatment in a primary care setting. One hundred patients self-completed a questionnaire previously validated in a secondary care setting. Females accounted for 73% (n = 73) of respondents and the mean age for respondents was 29 years (range 17–50). The main reasons for wanting orthodontic treatment were to straighten their teeth (85%) followed by wanting to improve their smile (79%). The main perceived benefits of orthodontic treatment were an improved appearance (79%), being less likely to be self-conscious about their own smile (57%) and improved self-confidence and/or self-esteem (52%). Clinical Relevance: Knowledge of motivating factors of adults seeking orthodontic treatment may help reduce patient dissatisfaction with treatment outcomes.
Root resorption during fixed appliance therapy – mechanism, risk factors and prognosis
Authors: Fahey Triona , Stephenson Pamela 
Published: August 2017

This article examines the prevalence, mechanism and risk factors associated with orthodontically induced root resorption. The long term prognosis for those who suffer severe root resorption is also discussed. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Root resorption is an inevitable consequence of treatment with fixed appliances. This article indicates risk factors which may be identified prior to treatment, and measures which may be taken to minimize shortening during treatment.
The aberrant central incisor
Authors: Mittal Tarun K , Atack Nikki E , Williams Julie C , Puryer James S , Sandy Jonathan R , Ireland Tony J 
Published: August 2017

The maxillary permanent central incisor develops early in life and forms part of an aesthetic smile. Disruption of the formation or eruption of the permanent central incisor has multiple aetiological factors. Treatment options depend to some extent on the cause of failure of eruption of the central incisor. Generally, the earlier treatment is provided, the higher the likelihood of success and the less the complexity. This article gives an overview of the possible aetiology and treatment of the aberrant central incisor. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Unerupted central incisors are a clinical complication that occurs commonly in orthodontic practice. The clinician should be aware of the aetiology and possible treatment options.
Enhance Learning through BrainDance Movements: An Empirical Study
Authors: Chiang Linda H. , Griego Orlando 
Published: August 2017

<p style="text-align:justify">The purpose of this study was to compare and associate BrainDance activity to a control group on reading scores as well as social, learning, and negative behavior. A total of 40 students in two classrooms participated in this study. A Likert scale and words per minute reading scores followed by quantitative analysis using a t-test to document and assess students’ behaviors and reading scores. The findings indicated no significant difference in reading fluency, but the BrainDance group improved in four specific areas—focus, use of sense, multiple senses, and restlessness. There were positive correlations of social and learning behaviors, but negative correlations for learning and negative behaviors in addition to social and negative behaviors.</p>
Understanding Interest and Self-Efficacy in the Reading and Writing of Students with Persisting Specific Learning Disabilities during Middle Childhood and Early Adolescence
Authors: Abbott Robert , Mickail Terry , Richards Todd , Renninger K. Ann , Hidi Suzanne E. , Beers Scott , Berninger Virginia 
Published: August 2017

<p style="text-align: justify;">Three methodological approaches were applied to understand the role of interest and self-efficacy in reading and/or writing in students without and with persisting specific learning disabilities (SLDs) in literacy. For each approach students in grades 4 to 9 completed a survey in which they rated 10 reading items and 10 writing items on a Scale 1 to 5; all items were the same but domain varied. The first approach applied Principal Component Analysis with Varimax Rotation to a sample that varied in specific kinds of literacy achievement. The second approach applied bidirectional multiple regressions in a sample of students with diagnosed SLDs-WL to (a) predict literacy achievement from ratings on interest and self-efficacy survey items; and (b) predict ratings on interest and self-efficacy survey items from literacy achievement. The third approach correlated ratings on the surveys with BOLD activation on an fMRI word reading/spelling task in a brain region associated with approach/avoidance and affect in a sample with diagnosed SLDs-WL. The first approach identified two components for the reading items (each correlated differently with reading skills) and two components for the writing items (each correlated differently with writing skills), but the components were not the same for both domains. Multiple regressions supported predicting interest and self-efficacy ratings from current reading achievement, rather than predicting reading achievement from interest and self-efficacy ratings, but also bidirectional relationships between interest or self-efficacy in writing and writing achievement. The third approach found negative correlations with amygdala connectivity for 2 reading items, but 5 positive and 2 negative correlations with amygdala connectivity for writing items; negative correlations may reflect avoidance and positive correlations approach. Collectively results show the relevance and domain-specificity of interest and self-efficacy in reading and writing for students with persisting SLDs in literacy.</p>
Stereotyped fans and social critique: Miguel de Cervantes’s Don Quixote and Eminem’s ‘Stan’
Authors: Cox Annabel 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
This article compares two very different texts, but important similarities can be established between Cervantes’s Don Quixote and Eminem’s ‘Stan’. These include shared explorations of fandom and influence. However, whilst Eminem discusses the dangers of his own music, Cervantes addresses the influence of an entire genre: the Chivalric Romance. Still, inherent to Cervantes’s critique of poorly written Romances is recognition of his own accountability as an author. Therefore, both texts’ creators consider the responsibilities that their influential position entails, examining this in reference to an apparently stereotypically drawn ‘pathological fan’.
Jensen argues that the pathologizing of fans masks ‘an implicit critique of modern life’ (2003: 9), but both ‘Stan’ and Don Quixote’s social critique is quite explicit. This is despite Cervantes’s novel being produced before the modern era (as the age of mass media), and the relevance of other arguments made by Jensen – for example, those concerning stigmatization, compensation and understandings of the fan versus the aficionado – are also examined in reference to Don Quixote as a ‘pre-modern’ text. Nevertheless, fan characterization as a tool of social critique remains the central focus of this analysis, as it is through this that the allegedly negative stereotype of the fan depicted by both Cervantes and Eminem can be re-evaluated.
Clawing through the fourth wall: Interactions between the fans and creators of MTV’s Teen Wolf
Authors: Thomas Emily 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The question of interactions between media creators and their fanbases has been an especially multifaceted and polarizing topic across many fandoms. Pierre Bourdieu described culture as an economy, with different types of culture in turn producing various commodities. It is possible to be both a creator and a consumer of these cultural commodities, particularly in a world where social media has rendered the barriers between media creators and their fans thinner than ever. This relative ease of communication has had the two-pronged effect of allowing creators to explore the marketability of their fans and fans realizing they can make their voices heard, all in the time it takes to compose a tweet. Both the production team and the fandom for MTV’s Teen Wolf serial took abundant advantage of this, with the show’s creators making a concerted effort to reach out to the subsets of its fanbase that were using social media as a vessel to engage Teen Wolf cast and crew members in discussions about race, homophobia, and queer representation. This analysis regards the Teen Wolf fan/creator dialogue through the lens of a world steeped in social media, and in doing so examines the notion of boundaries between consumers and creators, and the point at which fandom ceases to belong to either group exclusively.
Tales from the tailgate: The influence of fandom, musical tourism and pilgrimage on identity transformations
Authors: Erdely Jennifer L. , Breede Deborah Cunningham 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
To begin to understand travel – especially in the context of musical fandom – is to begin to understand self, to continue to create and work towards an understanding of multiple selves, and to seek out travel and musical tours. This seeking sustains and continues identity transformation. For fans touring as musical pilgrims, identity performances are intimately tied into the changes in locale that occur during these musical tours in the United States, especially in its south-east during the summer. Tourism sites and locales – like identities – are not fixed. Changing and shifting – much like the identities that comprise, populate and visit those destinations – those areas outside the advertised musical venues afford rich opportunities to further examine the interrelated nature of fandom, tourism, pilgrimage and identity.