bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of simulated MJO to model vertical resolution in GAMIL3
Authors: Wang He , Li Lijuan , Wang Bin , Wang Xiao , Pu Ye 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe impact of model vertical resolutions on simulation of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) was investigated using five AMIP simulations by the Grid‐point Atmospheric Model of IAP LASG, version 3 (GAMIL3) with different vertical layers. Results showed that higher vertical resolutions produce a stronger and superior eastward propagation, coupled circulation–convection relationship, and MJO strength, as well as other convectively coupled equatorial waves when compared to the lowest vertical resolution. The improvements may be related to a better description of the tropical circulation in the higher vertical resolutions and model top, albeit without the significant improvement of MJO convection and stratospheric quasi‐biennial oscillation in all simulations. Among the four tested high resolutions, the simulations with higher vertical resolutions from the surface to about 850 hPa produced better eastward propagation and larger total explained variance of the MJO, indicating the importance of the lower troposphere in simulating the MJO.
Designing a novel multi‐epitope antigen for diagnosing human cytomegalovirus infection: An immunoinformatics approach
Authors: Asadi Marzieh , Ghasemi Younes , Nezafat Navid , Sarkari Bahador , Baneshi Maryam , Mostafavi‐Pour Zohreh , Anbardar Mohammad Hossein , Savardashtaki Amir 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection can lead to congenital infections and severe complications, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Current serological tests for diagnosing HCMV infection often face limitations in sensitivity and specificity. Developing multi‐epitope antigens for serological assays offers the potential for enhancing diagnostic accuracy. This study aimed to design a novel multi‐epitope antigen for HCMV infection diagnosis using immunoinformatic approaches. Five tegument proteins (universal protein resource [UniProt] ID: Po8318, Po6725, F5HC97, Q6RX10, and F5HC05) were selected based on their antigenic properties and literature review. Six linear B‐cell epitopes were predicted within conserved regions of each antigen sequence and linked with appropriate linkers. The designed multi‐epitope antigen underwent thorough evaluation for physicochemical properties, solubility, antigenicity, and cross‐reactivity. Additionally, the three‐dimensional structure of the antigen was predicted, refined, and validated. The nucleotide sequence of the designed antigen was optimized for successful expression in Escherichia coli and inserted into a pET23a (+) vector. Immunoinformatic analysis revealed that the multi‐epitope antigen exhibits stability, antigenicity, and lacks cross‐reactivity. Our findings suggest that this multi‐epitope antigen is a promising candidate for diagnosing HCMV infection. However, further validation through laboratory testing is required to confirm its diagnostic efficacy.
Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs): A New Class of Materials for Multivalent Metal‐Ion Energy Storage Systems
Authors: Sonar Vedang A. , Kulkarni Abhishek A. , Sonar Prashant , Dubal Deepak P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe rise of electronic societies is driving a surge in the demand for energy storage solutions, particularly in the realm of renewable energy technologies like batteries, which rely heavily on efficient electrode materials and separators. As an answer to this necessity, Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) are emerging and a highly intriguing class of materials, garnering increased attention in recent years for their extensive properties and possible applications. This review addresses the remarkable versatility and boundless potential of COFs in scientific fields, mainly focusing on multivalent metal ion batteries (MMIBs), which include AIB (Aluminium‐ion batteries), MIB (Magnesium‐ion battery), CIB (Calcium‐ion battery), and ZIB (Zinc‐ion battery), as both electrode materials and separators across a spectrum of battery technology. Inclusive of their approaches, merits, and reaction mechanisms, this review offers an extensive summary of COFs concerning multivalent ion batteries. By providing a rigorous analysis of COF attributes, electrochemical behaviour, and methodologies, our explanation contributes to a deeper understanding of their potential in advancing battery technology.
Machine learning‐derived peripheral blood transcriptomic biomarkers for early lung cancer diagnosis: Unveiling tumor‐immune interaction mechanisms
Authors: Li Xiaohua , Li Xuebing , Qin Jiangyue , Lei Lei , Guo Hua , Zheng Xi , Zeng Xuefeng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLung cancer continues to be the leading cause of cancer‐related mortality worldwide. Early detection and a comprehensive understanding of tumor‐immune interactions are crucial for improving patient outcomes. This study aimed to develop a novel biomarker panel utilizing peripheral blood transcriptomics and machine learning algorithms for early lung cancer diagnosis, while simultaneously providing insights into tumor‐immune crosstalk mechanisms. Leveraging a training cohort (GSE135304), we employed multiple machine learning algorithms to formulate a Lung Cancer Diagnostic Score (LCDS) based on peripheral blood transcriptomic features. The LCDS model's performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) in multiple validation cohorts (GSE42834, GSE157086, and an in‐house dataset). Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 20 lung cancer patients and 10 healthy control subjects, representing an in‐house cohort recruited at the Sixth People's Hospital of Chengdu. We employed advanced bioinformatics techniques to explore tumor‐immune interactions through comprehensive immune infiltration and pathway enrichment analyses. Initial screening identified 844 differentially expressed genes, which were subsequently refined to 87 genes using the Boruta feature selection algorithm. The random forest (RF) algorithm demonstrated the highest accuracy in constructing the LCDS model, yielding a mean AUC of 0.938. Lower LCDS values were significantly associated with elevated immune scores and increased CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell infiltration, indicative of enhanced antitumor‐immune responses. Higher LCDS scores correlated with activation of hypoxia, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR), and Toll‐like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways, as well as reduced DNA damage repair pathway scores. Our study presents a novel, machine learning‐derived peripheral blood transcriptomic biomarker panel with potential applications in early lung cancer diagnosis. The LCDS model not only demonstrates high accuracy in distinguishing lung cancer patients from healthy individuals but also offers valuable insights into tumor‐immune interactions and underlying cancer biology. This approach may facilitate early lung cancer detection and contribute to a deeper understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying tumor‐immune crosstalk. Furthermore, our findings on the relationship between LCDS and immune infiltration patterns may have implications for future research on therapeutic strategies targeting the immune system in lung cancer.
Temperature‐sensitive sodium beta‐glycerophosphate/chitosan hydrogel loaded with all‐trans retinoic acid regulates Pin1 to inhibit the formation of spinal cord injury‐induced rat glial scar
Authors: Zhang Rongmou , Tang Ting , Zhuang Huafeng , Wang Peiwen , Yu Haiming , Xu Hao , Yao Xuedong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGlial scar formation is a major obstacle to nerve regeneration following spinal cord injury (SCI). Pin1 and the PI3K/AKT/CDK2 signaling pathway play crucial roles in neuronal regulation, but research on their involvement in glial scarring remains limited. In this study, we have for the first time observed that Pin1, PI3K, AKT, and CDK2 are upregulated and interact with each other following SCI. Further experiments revealed that Pin1 contributes to the development of glial scars by promoting astrocyte proliferation, inhibiting apoptosis, and activating the PI3K/AKT/CDK2 pathway. Additionally, all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a specific chemical inhibitor of Pin1, effectively suppresses Pin1 expression. However, its clinical application is limited by its short half‐life and susceptibility to inactivation. To address these issues, we have developed a thermosensitive sodium beta‐glycerophosphate (β‐GP)/chitosan (CS) hydrogel loaded with ATRA (β‐GP/CS@ATRA). This hydrogel exhibits favorable morphology and biocompatibility. Compared to free ATRA, the β‐GP/CS@ATRA hydrogel significantly enhances functional motor recovery after SCI and protects spinal cord tissue, thereby inhibiting glial scar formation. Mechanistically, ATRA administration blocks the development of glial scars and the activation of the PI3K/AKT/CDK2 pathway by inhibiting Pin1 expression. This study suggests that combining ATRA with a hydrogel to target Pin1 expression may be a promising strategy for treating glial scar formation following SCI.
Clinical Impact of Obesity on Postoperative Outcomes of Patients With Thyroid Cancer Undergoing Thyroidectomy: A 5‐Year Retrospective Analysis From the US National Inpatient Sample
Authors: Chen Yue , Jin Jiewen , Zhang Pengyuan , Ye Runyi , Zeng Chuimian , Zhang Yilin , Chen Junxin , Li Hai , Xiao Haipeng , Li Yanbing , Guan Hongyu 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe clinical impact of obesity on postoperative outcomes of patients undergoing thyroidectomy remains controversial.MethodsPatients aged ≥ 18 years who were diagnosed with thyroid malignancy and underwent thyroidectomy between 2016 and 2020 were included, and divided into two groups: patients with body mass index (BMI) < 30 kg/m2 and those with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. Patients in the obese group were then subdivided into four groups: Group 1 (BMI 30.0–34.9 kg/m2), Group 2 (BMI 35.0–39.9 kg/m2), Group 3 (BMI 40.0–44.9 kg/m2), and Group 4 (BMI ≥ 45.0 kg/m2) to evaluate the association between degree of obesity and clinical outcomes. We performed propensity score matching, compared outcome variables between the groups, and conducted adjusted multivariate logistic regression analyses of postoperative outcomes.ResultsA total of 6778 patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer who underwent thyroidectomy were screened, of whom 1299 (19.2%) patients were obese. Patients in the obese group had higher total hospital charges (p < 0.001) and an increased risk of overall postoperative complications (34.7% vs. 30.5%, p = 0.023). Specifically, patients in the obese group had increased odds of respiratory complication (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.26–2.19]), acute renal failure (aOR 1.87, 95% CI [1.13–3.09]), and wound complication (aOR 2.77, 95% CI [1.21–6.37]) than those in the non‐obese group. Moreover, trend tests showed that the risks of unfavorable discharge, infection, acute renal failure, and respiratory complication all exhibited an upward trend with increased BMI.ConclusionObesity is associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications in patients with thyroid cancer undergoing thyroidectomy. This finding suggests that obese patients should be treated with more caution during postoperative recovery.
Synthesis of Contorted Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds via Alkyne Benzannulation on Zigzag‐Edged Dibenzochrysene Derivatives
Authors: Darvish Ali , Lirette Frédéric , Fernández Israel , Morin Jean‐François 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOrganic dyes are interesting building blocks for the preparation of organic semiconductors as they possess synthetic handles that can be used to functionalize them and, consequently, change their electronic properties. However, reactions to extend their π‐conjugated framework through ring annulation have only been scarcely tested. Herein, we report the use of alkyne benzannulation on 2,8‐dibromo‐dibenzo[def,mno]chrysene (vat orange 3) and 2,9‐dibromo‐dibenzo[b,def]chrysene (vat orange 1) to extend the conjugation and reduce their bandgap. Unexpectedly, the ring closure reaction takes place at the most sterically hindered positions (peri to the substituent) to yield contorted polycyclic compounds. More surprisingly, both TIPS‐acetylene‐functionalized derivatives underwent a tandem dearomative spirocyclization to form bent polycyclic compounds. Absorption spectroscopy reveals that ring annulation on both 2,9‐dibromo‐dibenzo[b,def]chrysene and 2,8‐dibromo‐dibenzo[def,mno]chrysene resulted in a decrease of 0.38 and 0.12 eV in bandgap values, respectively, despite inducing a contorted conformation.
Microfluidic solvent extraction of phenol from wastewater containing phenolic compounds in a circle capillary microreactor
Authors: Qi Yabing , Zeng Jinlian , Wang Kangkang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe effects of micro‐mixer pattern, volumetric flow ratio, capillary length, inner diameter of capillary, residence time, and phenol concentration on phenol microfluidic extraction were investigated. The results indicated that the extraction performances of phenol with Y‐shape joint were higher than that with T‐shape joint. The smaller inner diameter of capillary could improve extraction performances of phenol. The phenol concentration of the inlet in aqueous phase had slight influence on phenol microfluidic extraction. The inner diameter of capillary of 1.0 mm, volumetric flow ratio of 1:1, capillary length of 2 m, and residence time of 88.3 s were more suitable for extraction of phenol. The overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient of phenol reached 0.0036 s−1 at residence time of 8.8 s. The extraction efficiency of phenol realized 99% at residence time of 23.6 s. The extraction of phenol from aqueous solution depended on intermolecular forces and hydrogen bonds between MIBK and phenol.
Implementation of social responsibility in digital transformation: An opportunity or a challenge to corporate innovation performance
Authors: Zhang Guanglei , Xie Qi , Gao Huangting , Lu Jintao , Cucari Nicola 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in either facilitating or hindering the innovation performance of high‐tech enterprises undergoing digital transformation. By empirically analyzing data from 11,107 high‐tech enterprises listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges between 2007 and 2020, the research aims to clarify the impact of CSR on corporate innovation. The results show a positive correlation between digital transformation and firm innovation performance. In addition, the study identifies a significant mediating effect of research and development (R&D) investment intensity, suggesting that increased R&D investment enhances the benefits of digital transformation. However, it also finds that CSR implementation negatively moderates this relationship, suggesting that an excessive focus on CSR can be economically burdensome and potentially detrimental to innovation efforts. These findings provide valuable insights into the complex interplay between digital transformation, R&D investment, and CSR in high‐tech firms.
Value‐enhancing drivers of corporate governance in improving human rights due diligence: Worldwide evidence
Authors: Torelli Riccardo , Fiandrino Simona , Scarpa Francesco 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe study aims to investigate the role of corporate governance in driving effective human rights due diligence (HRDD) practises. The study tests the impact of corporate governance mechanisms on HRDD on an international sample of 509 listed companies operating in high‐risk sectors included in the Corporate Human Rights Benchmark. Our findings show the positive effect of corporate governance on HRDD, suggesting that committed corporate governance, especially sustainability committee and board diversity, improves the effectiveness of HRDD carried out by companies. Our study contributes to the literature by providing insights into enhancement‐based drivers of corporate governance, which positively impact HRDD. This research also has practical implications for companies because it can help them enhance their HRDD by establishing a sustainability committee or supporting gender diversity within the board. This research addresses social and policy implications considering the European directive on corporate sustainability due diligence directive (CSDDD), which mandates HRDD for large EU and non‐EU companies.
Corporate social responsibility and climate change mitigation: Discovering the interaction role of green audit and sustainability committee
Authors: Mohy‐ud‐Din Kamran , Shahbaz Muhammad , Du Anna Min 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study explores the role of corporate social responsibility in bolstering firm resilience amid the escalating threats of climate change and climate policy uncertainties. Specifically, it assesses whether corporate social responsibility initiatives can act as strategic buffers enhancing corporate sustainability. The research utilizes a panel dataset comprising annual observations from 451 US‐based firms over the period 2012 to 2023, yielding a total of 5412 firm‐year observations. Our findings indicate that corporate social responsibility potentially reduces the detrimental effects of climate change and policy uncertainty. Furthermore, the study examines the interaction effects between sustainability committees and green audits on the efficacy of corporate social responsibility. Our results reveal that sustainability committees significantly strengthen the nexus between corporate social responsibility investments and effective climate change mitigation strategies, while green audits enhance firm capabilities to navigate climate policy uncertainties. Collectively, these findings suggest that robust corporate social responsibility practices contribute to corporate value creation in the face of climate‐related challenges.
Understanding the Effects of Manufacturing Attributes on Damage Tolerance of Additively Manufactured Parts and Exploring Synergy Among Process‐Structure‐Properties. A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Uddin Zia , Butt Muhammad Muteeb , Kvvssn Varma , Salamci Metin U. , Kizil Hüseyin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAdditive Manufacturing (AM) has revolutionized the production industry by offering design freedom with shorter lead times and reduced material wastage. However, the damage tolerance (DT) of AM parts is a significant concern due to their microstructural and geometric complexities, which affect their mechanical performance. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the manufacturing parameters affecting the components produced by AM specifically selective laser melting (SLM). Detailed discussions are presented on the effects of manufacturing attributes on the microstructure, defects, and mechanical characteristics of AM parts. Depending on these aspects, basic concepts are studied and critically explained specifically for AM materials. The basic criterion for damage‐tolerant component design, the criterion for fatigue and fracture properties, and the effect of the defects on fatigue life are critically presented. In addition, the effect of different types of gradation on the crack growth behavior of samples processed by SLM is also investigated in depth. There is currently a lack of a specific review study in the literature that establishes a connection between process attributes and metallographic properties, and their impact on the damage behavior of additively manufactured parts. This gap in research highlights the need for a comprehensive review to bridge this knowledge deficit and provide valuable insights for understanding the relationships between manufacturing processes, material characteristics, and the structural integrity of additively manufactured components. This review concludes by addressing the challenges and opportunities in designing and qualifying AM parts for damage tolerance.
Roadmap for rebuilding the health system and scenarios of crisis path in Gaza
Authors: Alkhaldi Mohammed , Alrubaie Malak 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe horrific attacks on Gaza have had a profound impact on Gaza's health system, culminating in a multidimensional crisis. The deliberate destruction of vital infrastructure, such as hospitals, schools, housing, and public facilities, coupled with the deaths and injuries of medical personnel and support workers has only exacerbated the situation and further highlighted the existing gaps. This unprecedented catastrophe proves the criticality of adopting a new national inclusive integrated approach to meeting the immediate and long‐term needs of the population. In this perspective, we explore the recovery roadmap features for rebuilding the health system in Gaza, specifically focusing on determining the primary challenges that might emerge, the trajectory of recovery, and the expected crisis scenarios. The existing evidence and perspectives of key stakeholders, including state and non‐state health authorities in Palestine were synthesised. Despite some local and international initiatives undertaken to generate a concrete road to recovery, there remains a need for realistic, innovative, and comprehensive Marshall plans to rebuild Gaza's health system. The article draws on insights and gaps in current efforts and underscores the urgent need to address the challenges of rebuilding the health system. The authors strive to offer an inclusive and realistic path with the potential scenarios toward recovery and resilience considering the mass levels of loss and damage, and ways to move forward for building back a resilient health system in Gaza.
Management and clinical outcome of myocardial infarction in Kosovo: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Batalli Arlind , Henein Michael , Poniku Afrim , Ibrahimi Pranvera , Pllana‐Pruthi Edita , Elezi Shpend , Shatri Faik , Abdyli Genc , Bajraktari Artan , Karahoda Rona , Selmani Hamza , Bytyçi Ibadete , Bajraktari Gani 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsMyocardial infarction (MI) is a major cause of mortality worldwide, irrespective of its presentation as non‐ST‐segment elevation MI (NSTEMI) or ST‐segment elevation MI (STEMI). The objective of this study was to assess national results of management and clinical outcome of acute MI patients in Kosovo.MethodsThis cross‐sectional descriptive study, conducted at the Clinic of Cardiology of the University Clinical Center of Kosovo, in Prishtina, included all patients hospitalized with acute MI over a period of 7 years (2014‐2020). The primary outcome of the study was in‐hospital mortality.ResultsAmong 7353 admitted patients with acute MI (mean age 63 ± 12 years, 29% female) and according to the final diagnosis, 4436 (59.4%) patients had STEMI, and 2987 (40.6%) NSTEMI. More patients with STEMI received primary percutaneous intervention (PPCI) than those with NSTEMI (50% vs. 41%, p < 0.001). In‐hospital mortality was higher in no PPCI patients compared to PPCI both in NSTEMI (10.7% vs. 2.6%, p < 0.001) and STEMI (20.9% vs. 6.8%, p < 0.001). Age ≥65 years [0.399 (0.267–0.597), p ˂ 0.001], hemoglobin level [0.889 (0.815–0.970), p = 0.008], STEMI [0.491 (0.343–0.704), p ˂ 0.001], lack of PPCI [2.636 (1.798–3.866), p ˂ 0.001], cardiogenic shock [0.002 (0.001–0.006), p < 0.001], reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LV EF) [0.966 (0.951–0.980), p < 0.001], and heart rate at admission [1.009 (1.000–1.017), p = 0.047], independently predicted mortality. In STEMI, cardiogenic shock (p ˂ 0.001), lack of PPCI (p = 0.006), female gender (p = 0.01), and low LV EF (p = 0.04) predicted mortality but age ≥65 years (p = 0.02), female gender (p = 0.02), low LV EF (p = 0.007), and low hemoglobin (p = 0.04) predicted mortality in NSTEMI.ConclusionBetween 2014 and 2020, half of patients with acute MI were not treated with PPCI, who had high mortality, particularly when presenting with STEMI. Age, cardiogenic shock, anemia, low LV EF, STEMI and no PPCI independently predicted mortality. Cardiogenic shock and lack of PPCI independently predicted mortality, only in STEMI.