bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different responses of ecosystem carbon exchange to warming in three types of alpine grassland on the central Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Ganjurjav Hasbagan , Hu Guozheng , Wan Yunfan , Li Yue , Danjiu Luobu , Gao Qingzhu 
Published: December 2017

AbstractClimate is a driver of terrestrial ecosystem carbon exchange, which is an important product of ecosystem function. The Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau has recently been subjected to a marked increase in temperature as a consequence of global warming. To explore the effects of warming on carbon exchange in grassland ecosystems, we conducted a whole‐year warming experiment between 2012 and 2014 using open‐top chambers placed in an alpine meadow, an alpine steppe, and a cultivated grassland on the central Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. We measured the gross primary productivity, net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE), ecosystem respiration, and soil respiration using a chamber‐based method during the growing season. The results show that after 3 years of warming, there was significant stimulation of carbon assimilation and emission in the alpine meadow, but both these processes declined in the alpine steppe and the cultivated grassland. Under warming conditions, the soil water content was more important in stimulating ecosystem carbon exchange in the meadow and cultivated grassland than was soil temperature. In the steppe, the soil temperature was negatively correlated with ecosystem carbon exchange. We found that the ambient soil water content was significantly correlated with the magnitude of warming‐induced change in NEE. Under high soil moisture condition, warming has a significant positive effect on NEE, while it has a negative effect under low soil moisture condition. Our results highlight that the NEE in steppe and cultivated grassland have negative responses to warming; after reclamation, the natural meadow would subject to loose more C in warmer condition. Therefore, under future warmer condition, the overextension of cultivated grassland should be avoided and scientific planning of cultivated grassland should be achieved.
Petrogenesis of the early Permian Yejili mafic–ultramafic intrusion in the Alxa Block, western margin of the North China Craton
Authors: Jiao Jiangang , Wang Mengxi , Lu Hao , Duan Jun 
Published: December 2017

The ~287 Ma Yejili mafic–ultramafic intrusion in the southern Alxa Block mainly consists of lherzolite, wehrlite, and gabbro. Rocks from the lherzolite and wehrlite have olivine with Fo values ranging from 87.4 to 88.6 mol.% and from 81.6 to 87.4 mol.%, respectively, indicating crystallization from a moderately evolved magma, that is a mixing of 5% to 7% upper crust contaminant with the primitive magma modelling by Sr–Nd isotopic compositions. Samples from the Yejili intrusion generally have low and variable PGE (0.2 to 4.7 ppb) and display trough‐like primitive mantle‐normalized chalcophile element patterns with relatively high Cu/Pd ratios (40,967 to 412,727) and positive correlation between Y/Pd and Y/Pt ratios, indicating derivation possibly from sulphide‐saturated magmas. However, the small degree of crustal contamination and high Ni concentrations of olivine from lherzolite and wehrlite suggest possible small‐scale sulphide segregation for the Yejili intrusion. In addition, the positive correlation between Fo and Ni concentrations of olivine from the wehrlite suggests the sulphide segregation may have occurred in a deep‐seated staging magma chamber and the sulphide did not enter into the shallow magma chamber because of the high densities. On the other hand, the Yejili intrusion has εNd(t)values (+1.1 to +2.6) much lower than the corresponding depleted mantle and the initial206Pb/204Pb ratios ranging from 17.88 to 18.11, indicating a weakly depleted source. In addition, the slight enrichment of LREE relative to HREE and positive LILE and negative HFSE (e.g., Nb, Ta, Zr, and Hf) anomalies in primitive mantle‐normalized trace element patterns of rocks from the Yejili intrusion differ from MORB and OIB from the convecting mantle, suggesting the weakly depleted source may have resulted from the metasomatism of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle by slab‐derived fluid/melt. Therefore, the arc‐like geochemical features and low Ca concentration of olivine from lherzolite and wehrlite for the Yejili intrusion indicate a subduction‐related origin, rather than an extensional environment. We thus suggest that the early Permian magmatism in the periphery of the Alxa Block was associated with southward subduction of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean.
The geochronologic and geochemical constraints on the Early Cretaceous subduction magmatism in the central Lhasa subterrane, Tibet
Authors: Huang Yu , Zhao Zhidan , Zhu Di‐Cheng , Liu Yunhua , Liu Dong , Zhou Qunjun , Gao Shasha 
Published: December 2017

A large volume of Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks are exposed in the central Lhasa subterrane, which are essential for models developed for understanding the evolution of Lhasa Terrane. However, the petrogenesis and geodynamic background of these rocks are still in debate. In this paper, we carried out a detailed study on the volcanic rocks of the Zenong Group, including andesite, dacite, and rhyolite from the Coqen area in the central Lhasa subterrane. Zircons from one dacitic tuff yields an age of 115.3 ± 1.1 Ma. All the rocks are enriched in light rare earth elements (LREEs), Th, U, and Pb and depleted in high field strength elements (HFSEs, e.g. Nb, Ta, P, and Ti). The dacite and rhyolite samples are high‐K calc‐alkaline to shoshonitic and are metaluminous to peraluminous. These felsic samples are characterized by negative ƐNd(t) (−8.9 to −2.1) and ƐHf(t) (−8.1 to −5.6) and have high radiogenic Pb isotopic composition (206Pb/204Pb = 18.6287–19.5578, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.7161–15.7720, and 208Pb/204Pb = 39.1440–40.6253). Particularly, a negative correlation between the ƐNd(t) values and SiO2 contents can be observed in these dacites and rhyolites. Meanwhile, the andesites exhibit similar Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic compositions to dacites and rhyolites (ƐNd(t) = −4.3; 206Pb/204Pb = 18.7119–18.8575, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.7159–15.7203, and 208Pb/204Pb = 39.2944–39.6036). Our new data indicate that different geochemical reservoirs are involved in generating the ca. 115 Ma magmatism in the central Lhasa subterrane. It is likely that dacites and rhyolites are derived from the magma mixing between the ancient basement‐derived melts and mantle‐derived melts with varying degrees of partial melting. The andesites might originate from partial melting of an ancient lithospheric mantle that have been metasomatized by fluids and/or melts derived from the Tethyan oceanic slab. Our results, together with recent studies, suggest that the Zenong Group volcanic rocks in the Coqen area may represent the magmatic responses to the break‐off of the southward subduction of the Bangong–Nujiang Tethyan oceanic slab.
Supervisor expediency to employee expediency: The moderating role of leader–member exchange and the mediating role of employee unethical tolerance
Authors: Greenbaum Rebecca L. , Mawritz Mary B. , Bonner Julena M. , Webster Brian D. , Kim Joseph 
Published: December 2017

SummaryWe utilize social learning theory to test the role‐modeling effect of supervisor expediency (i.e., a supervisor's use of unethical practices to expedite work for self‐serving purposes). In particular, we examine the relationship between supervisor expediency and employee expediency, as moderated by leader–member exchange (LMX) and mediated by employee unethical tolerance. We predict that employees are more likely to model their supervisors' expedient behaviors when their relationship is characterized by high‐LMX (a high‐quality exchange relationship that is rich in socioemotional support). Furthermore, we argue that supervisor expediency, especially when LMX is high, influences employees' attitudes of unethical tolerance, which then affects employees' expedient behaviors. Across 2 multisource field studies and a third time‐lagged field study, we found general support for our theoretical predictions. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Artificially modified collagen fibril orientation affects leather tear strength
Authors: Kelly Susyn J , Wells Hannah C , Sizeland Katie H , Kirby Nigel , Edmonds Richard L , Ryan Tim , Hawley Adrian , Mudie Stephen , Haverkamp Richard G 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDOvine leather has around half the tear strength of bovine leather and is therefore not suitable for high‐value applications such as shoes. Tear strength has been correlated with the natural collagen fibril alignment (orientation index, OI). It is hypothesized that it could be possible to artificially increase the OI of the collagen fibrils and that an artificial increase in OI could increase tear strength.RESULTSOvine skins, after pickling and bating, were strained biaxially during chrome tanning. The strain ranged from 2 to 15% of the initial sample length, either uniformly in both directions by 10% or with 3% in one direction and 15% in the other. Once tanned, the leather tear strengths were measured and the collagen fibril orientation was measured using synchrotron‐based small‐angle X‐ray scattering.CONCLUSIONThe OI increased as a result of strain during tanning from 0.48 to 0.79 (P = 0.001) measured edge‐on and the thickness‐normalized tear strength increased from 27 to 43 N mm−1 (P < 0.001) after leather was strained 10% in two orthogonal directions. This is evidence to support a causal relationship between high OI (measured edge‐on), highly influenced by thickness, and tear strength. It also provides a method to produce stronger leather. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Development and validation of a stability‐indicating HPLC method for topiramate using a mixed‐mode column and charged aerosol detector
Authors: Pinto Eduardo Costa , Gonçalves Mariana da Silva , Cabral Lucio Mendes , Armstrong Daniel W. , de Sousa Valéria Pereira 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe analysis of topiramate in the presence of its main degradation products is challenging due to the absence of chromophore moieties and their wide range of polarity. Mixed‐mode chromatography has been used in such cases because it combines two or more modes of separation. Charged aerosol detector is also an alternative since its detection is independent of optical properties and analyte ionization. This study is aimed to develop and validate two new stability‐indicating methods by high‐performance liquid chromatography for the main degradation products of topiramate using mixed‐mode chromatography and a charged aerosol detector. Method 1 employed an Acclaim Trinity P1® column (3.0 mm × 150 mm, 2.7 μm) with a mobile phase comprising of 80% ammonium acetate buffer (20 mM, pH 4.0) and 20% methanol at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min at 35°C. Method 2 utilized a C18 Acclaim 120® column (4.6 mm × 250 mm; 5 μm) with ACN/water (50:50) at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min at 50°C. Validation of the two methods demonstrated excellent performance with respect to linearity, precision, accuracy, and selectivity. The limits of detection for topiramate, fructose, sulfate, sulfamate, and compound A were 2.97, 12.08, 4.02, 13.91, and 3.94 μg/mL, respectively.
Preoperative Prognostic Nutritional Index Predicts Long‐Term Surgical Outcomes in Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Hirahara Noriyuki , Tajima Yoshitsugu , Fujii Yusuke , Kaji Shunsuke , Yamamoto Tetsu , Hyakudomi Ryoji , Taniura Takahito , Miyazaki Yoshiko , Kishi Takashi , Kawabata Yasunari 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of the present study is to investigate the utility of prognostic nutritional index (PNI) as a simple and readily available marker in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 169 patients who underwent potentially curative esophagectomy, for histologically verified ESCC. We decided to set the optimal cutoff value for preoperative PNI levels at 49.2, based on the cancer‐specific survival (CSS) and the overall survival (OS) by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.ResultsMultivariate logistic regression analysis identified that TNM pStage III [hazard ratio (HR) 3.261, p < 0.0001] and PNI < 49.2 (HR 3.887, p < 0.0001) were confirmed as independent poor predictive factors for CSS, and age >70 (HR 2.024, p < 0.0042), TNM pStage III (HR 2.510, p = 0.0002), and PNI < 49.2 (HR 2.248, p = 0.0013) were confirmed as independent poor predictive factors for OS. In non‐elderly patients, TNM pStage III (CSS; HR 3.488, p < 0.0001, OS; HR 2.615, p = 0.0007) and PNI < 49.2 (CSS; HR 3.849, p < 0.0001, OS; HR 2.275, p = 0.001) were confirmed as independent poor predictive factors for CSS, and OS when multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied. But in elderly patients, univariate analyses demonstrated that the TNM pStage III was the only significant risk factor for CSS (HR 3.701, p = 0.0057) and OS (HR 1.974, p = 0.0224).ConclusionsThe PNI was a significant and independent predictor of CSS and OS of ESCC patients after curative esophagectomy. The PNI was cost‐effective and readily available, and it could act as a marker of survival.
Implementation of Trauma Center and Massive Transfusion Protocol Improves Outcomes for Major Trauma Patients: A Study at a Single Institution in Korea
Authors: Hwang Kyungjin , Kwon Junsik , Cho Jayun , Heo Yunjung , Lee John Cook‐Jong , Jung Kyoungwon 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluated the effectiveness and clinical outcomes of the implementation of a trauma center and massive transfusion protocol (TCMTP) in a developing country without a well‐established trauma system.MethodsWe included patients (1) aged >15 years, (2) with an Injury Severity Score >15, (3) who received ≥10 units of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) within 24 h, (4) who directly visited our institution from 2010 to 2016, and (5) who survived for ≥24 h. Patients treated during the post‐TCMTP period (2015–2016) were compared with historical groups treated pre‐TCMTP (2010–2012) and interim‐TCMTP (2013–2014). Demographics, transfusion and fluid therapy performance, and clinical outcomes were compared between the three groups.ResultsOverall, 190 patients were included: 64, 64, and 62 patients in the pre‐TCMTP, interim‐TCMTP, and post‐TCMTP groups, respectively. Comparison between the three groups revealed significant differences in the fresh‐frozen plasma/PRBC ratio (p = 0.001) and crystalloid infusion (p = 0.007); these variables gradually increased from pre‐ to post‐TCMTP. Conversely, colloid infusion showed a reduction post‐TCMTP (p < 0.001). Kaplan–Meier curves revealed that the 90‐day survival rate was significantly higher in the post‐TCMTP group (pre‐TCMTP: 45.3 vs. 75.8%, p = 0.001; interim‐TCMTP: 56.3 vs. 75.8%, p = 0.027). In Cox regression hierarchical survival analysis, TCMTP showed a hazard ratio for mortality of 0.380 after adjusting for all potentially confounding factors.ConclusionsOur results suggest that building trauma centers and establishing a massive transfusion protocol according to the specific situations of a country will help improve outcomes for major trauma patients, even in developing countries without a well‐established trauma system.
One‐Hour Postoperative Parathyroid Hormone Levels Do Not Reliably Predict Hypocalcemia After Thyroidectomy
Authors: Sahli Zeyad , Najafian Alireza , Kahan Stacie , Schneider Eric B. , Zeiger Martha A. , Mathur Aarti 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIntroductionHypocalcemia is a well‐known complication after total thyroidectomy. Studies have indicated that the presence of low postoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels can predict hypocalcemia. However, definitive study designs are lacking. The aim of this study was to determine whether postoperative PTH alone can accurately predict postoperative biochemical hypocalcemia.MethodsUnder IRB approval, a prospective study of 218 consecutive patients who underwent total or completion thyroidectomy by two surgeons between June 2014 and June 2016 was performed. Biochemical hypocalcemia was defined as ionized calcium <1.13 mmol/L or serum calcium <8.4 mg/dL at any time postoperatively. Three PTH thresholds, <10, <20 pg/mL, and >50% drop in PTH 1 h postoperatively from baseline were examined.ResultsPostoperative PTH < 10 pg/mL had a sensitivity of 36.5% (95% CI 27.4–46.3%) and a specificity of 89.2% (95% CI 81.9–94.3%). Postoperative PTH < 20 pg/mL had a sensitivity of 66.4% (95% CI 56.6–75.2%) and a specificity of 67.6% (95% CI 58.0–76.2%). Postoperative PTH decrease >50% had a sensitivity of 63.4% (95% CI 53.2–72.7%) and a specificity of 72.5% (95% CI 62.5–81.0%). Across all PTH thresholds, the false‐negative rate was 33.6–63.5% indicating that up to 64% of patients with a normal PTH level could have been discharged without appropriate calcium supplementation. The false‐positive rate was 10.8–32.4% indicating that up to 32.4% of patients with low PTH could have been treated with calcium supplementation unnecessarily.ConclusionFollowing total thyroidectomy, PTH levels are unreliable in predicting hypocalcemia. Additional prospective studies are needed to understand the true utility of PTH levels post‐thyroidectomy.
Topical Minoxidil Versus Topical Diltiazem for Chemical Sphincterotomy of Chronic Anal Fissure: A Prospective, Randomized, Double‐Blind, Clinical Trial
Authors: Alvandipour Mina , Ala Shahram , Khalvati Mehdi , Yazdanicharati Jamshid , Koulaeinejad Neda 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundAnal fissure is a common anorectal problem causing severe pain and discomfort to the patients. Chemical sphincterotomy has emerged as a noninvasive alternative to the surgical methods of fissure treatment. The objective of this study was evaluation of the efficacy and the adverse effects of topically applied minoxidil in chemical sphincterotomy of chronic anal fissure in comparison with topical diltiazem.MethodsA total of 88 patients with chronic anal fissure aged between 15 and 65 years were included in this double‐blind, randomized clinical trial and were randomly assigned to either 0.5% minoxidil cream or 2% diltiazem cream twice daily for 2 weeks. The pain intensity, bleeding, wound healing, itching, headache, dizziness, significant drop in blood pressure, allergy and fissure relapse were assessed on a monthly basis for 2 months.ResultsBoth diltiazem and minoxidil reduced the pain, bleeding and improved fissure healing with no significant difference. There were no between‐groups differences in the frequencies of adverse effects, except for itching which was slightly higher with minoxidil during the first month. Allergy occurred in two patients in the minoxidil group, which was not severe and did not lead to discontinuation of the trial.ConclusionTopically administered minoxidil is of equal efficacy as diltiazem in the treatment of chronic anal fissure with low frequency of adverse effects. Thus, it can be considered as an agent for chemical sphincterotomy of anal fissure, but the itching at the beginning of the treatment can affect the adherence of the patient to treatment.Trial registration number IRCT2015041414483N6 (the full trial protocol could be accessed online at www.irct.ir).
A system for three-dimensional gaze fixation analysis using eye tracking glasses
Authors: Takahashi Ryo , Suzuki Hiromasa , Chew Jouh Yeong , Ohtake Yutaka , Nagai Yukie , Ohtomi Koichi 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Eye tracking is a technology that has quickly become a commonplace tool for evaluating package and webpage design. In such design processes, static two-dimensional images are shown on a computer screen while a subject's gaze where he or she looks is measured via an eye tracking device. The collected gaze fixation data are then visualized and analyzed via gaze plots and heat maps. Such evaluations using two-dimensional images are often too limited to analyze gaze on three-dimensional physical objects such as products because users look at them not from a single point of view but rather from various angles. Therefore in this study we propose methods for collecting gaze fixation data for a three-dimensional model of a given product and visualizing corresponding gaze plots and heat maps also in three dimensions. To achieve our goals, we used a wearable eye-tracking device, i.e., eye-tracking glasses. Further, we implemented a prototype system to demonstrate its advantages in comparison with two-dimensional gaze fixation methods.
Highlights Proposing a method for collecting gaze fixation data for a three-dimensional model of a given product. Proposing two visualization methods for three dimensional gaze data; gaze plots and heat maps. Proposed system was applied to two practical examples of hair dryer and car interior.
Piomiosite do piriforme em um paciente com doença de Kikuchi-Fujimoto—relato de caso e revisão da literatura
Authors: Barros Antônio , Soares Cláudio , Temponi Eduardo , Barbosa Victor , Teixeira Luiz , Grammatopoulos George 
Published: December 2017

ResumoA piomiosite primária é uma infecção bacteriana profunda do músculo esquelético. Quando não diagnosticada ou tratada, a infecção pode evoluir para sepse, choque séptico e até morte. Os autores relatam o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino, 23 anos, apresentando piomiosite do músculo piriforme durante o tratamento da doença de Kikuchi-Fujimoto. A piomiosite é uma infecção rara, mas potencialmente grave, que pode levar ao choque séptico. Esse caso mostra a necessidade em se elevar o grau de suspeição clínica em pacientes com comprometimento do sistema imunológico, para que o tratamento seja iniciado em estágio precoce. A literatura mostra que os resultados do tratamento da piomiosite do piriforme são bons.
B-type Natriuretic Peptide and Other Risk Factors for Predicting Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation after Thoracic Surgery
Authors: Pu Zhenye , Qi Xiaotong , Xue Tao , Liu Zhiyong , Wu Yanhu 
Published: December 2017

Background Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is associated with increased morality rate, prolonged hospitalization, and reduced long-term survival after surgery. Thus, prediction of POAF is important to assess surgical risk and provide prophylaxis.
Methods It was a prospective study of 207 consecutive patients who underwent a routine preoperative laboratory testing before thoracic surgery from October 2016 to May 2017. Comprehensive data were collected. Then stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis was adopted to identify significant risk factors associated with POAF from various variables.
Results As results, three variables as follows: male gender, open thoracotomy, and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) exceeding 59 pg/mL were considered as independent risk factors associated with POAF (p < 0.05).
Conclusion In patients undergoing noncardiac thoracic surgery, we found that an elevated preoperative BNP level (with the level of 59 pg/mL as a cutoff), male gender, and open-chest surgeries were significant risk factors for POAF. The identification of patients who are prone to develop POAF will provide prevention strategies to reduce this complication.