bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Possible association of elevated CSF IL‐6 levels with anxiety and frustration in psychiatric disorders
Authors: Enokida Takako , Hattori Kotaro , Okabe Kaori , Noda Takamasa , Ota Miho , Sato Noriko , Ogawa Shintaro , Tatsumi Megumi , Hoshino Mikio , Kunugi Hiroshi , Nakagome Kazuyuki 
Published: September 2024

AimNeuroinflammation is an important causal factor for a variety of psychiatric disorders. We previously reported increased cerebrospinal fluid interleukin‐6 levels in patients with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. The present study aimed to examine the possible association of interleukin‐6 levels with anxiety and frustration, negative valence symptoms shared in various psychiatric disorders.MethodsWe included 129 patients with psychiatric disorders and 70 controls. CSF and plasma interleukin‐6 levels were measured by immunoassay kits, and psychological symptoms were assessed with the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale. To examine regional cerebral blood flow, patients underwent arterial spin labeling analysis using magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsCerebrospinal fluid interleukin‐6 levels were significantly correlated with State–Trait Anxiety Inventory‐trait anxiety (r = 0.25, P = 0.046) and Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale‐autonomy frustration scores (r = 0.29, P = 0.018). Patients with abnormally high cerebrospinal fluid interleukin‐6 levels (defined >97.5 percentile of the controls) had higher scores for trait anxiety (P = 0.035) and autonomy frustration (P = 0.026), and significantly increased regional cerebral blood flow in the left superior temporal gyrus, bilateral nucleus accumbens, and cerebellum than the remaining patients.ConclusionPatients with elevated cerebrospinal fluid interleukin‐6 constitute a subpopulation of psychiatric disorders associated with anxiety and autonomy frustration, which may be related to altered functions in specific brain areas.
Torque Teno Virus Loads as a Marker of Immunosuppression in Pediatric Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Kelly Ellen , Awan Atif , Sweeney Clodagh , Wildes Dermot , De Gascun Cillian , Hassan Jaythoon , Riordan Michael 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundLong‐term renal function and survival after kidney transplantation rely on appropriate immunosuppressive treatment to prevent the risk of rejection. New biomarkers are needed to accurately assess the degree of immunosuppression in renal transplant recipients in order to avoid organ rejection and the development of opportunistic infections. Highly prevalent in humans, torque teno virus (TTV), which belongs to the family Anelloviridae, is a small, nonenveloped, single‐stranded DNA virus which has not been linked with any specific human illness, but which constitutes a major component of the human virome. Host antiviral responses allow TTV levels to be controlled; however, viral persistence remains, explaining the high prevalence in human populations, including healthy individuals. Important confounders of TTV load include time since transplantation, age, gender, obesity, and smoking status.AimsTTV‐based guidance of immunosuppressive drug dosing could help with risk stratification, reducing the risk of infection, graft rejection and oncologic disease on an individual level, enabling long‐term patient and graft survival.MethodsOriginal studies were accessed by a systematic search from electronic databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect and Wiley Online Library.ResultsThe presented data mainly derive from adult transplant recipients showing an association between TTV plasma levels and the immune status of the host: High‐TTV load and high immunosuppression are associated with a risk of infection, and low‐TTV load and low immunosuppression indicate a risk of rejection. However, there is minimal information on pediatric transplant recipients with further research required in this cohort. To date, it has been demonstrated that longer posttransplant times are significantly associated with lower TTV levels in children with renal transplant. Meanwhile, an association between lower TTV loads and increased risk of graft reject during the first year of transplantation was also reported. More recently, Eibensteiner et al. revealed a robust, independent association between TTV plasma load and the onset of Cytomegalovirus and BK virus infections.ConclusionData from randomized controlled trials are still missing, even in adults, but a multicenter randomized controlled trial for TTV‐guided immunosuppression in adult kidney recipients (TTVguideIT) began in 2022. There is, therefore, great promise for TTV levels to be used as a biomarker that could potentially improve both graft and patient survival in transplantation.
Optimizing Piperacillin Dosing in Pediatric Liver Transplant Recipients: A Case Series
Authors: Morales Junior Ronaldo , Hosawi Anhar , Tang Girdwood Sonya , Dong Min , Juodinis Vanessa D’ Amaro , Romano Paschoalina , Ebner Pérsio de Almeida Rezende , Duarte Nilo José Coelho , de Souza Daniela Carla , Santos Silvia Regina Cavani Jorge 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPathophysiological changes post‐liver transplantation impact the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antibiotics. Piperacillin, often used in combination with tazobactam, is a key antibiotic after transplantation to its broad‐spectrum activity, but there is a lack of specific pharmacokinetic data in this population. This study aims to describe the pharmacokinetic parameters and target attainment of piperacillin in pediatric liver transplant recipients.MethodsPatients with preserved renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate > 50 mL/min/1.73 m2) receiving intravenous piperacillin‐tazobactam at 112.5 mg/kg every 8 h (100 mg piperacillin/12.5 mg tazobactam), with a rapid infusion (0.5–1 h), were included. Two blood samples per child were collected during the same interval within 48 h of starting therapy. A Bayesian approach was applied to estimate individual pharmacokinetic parameters and perform dosing recommendations against Enterococcus spp., Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.ResultsEight patients with median age of 8 months were included. Median piperacillin clearance and central volume of distribution for the cohort were 11.11 L/h/70 kg and 9.80 L/70 kg, respectively. Seven patients (87.5%) presented with concentrations below the target of 100% fT > MIC. Simulations suggested that these patients required more frequent dosing and extended duration of infusion to ensure target attainment. One patient (12.5%) had trough concentrations that exceed 16 mg/L and could receive a lower daily dose.ConclusionsThis case series highlights the importance of personalized therapy in pediatric liver transplant recipients due to the unpredictable and highly variable piperacillin pharmacokinetics in this population.
Failure to Rescue Pediatric Recipients of Living Donor Liver Transplantation: A Single‐Center Study of Technical Complications in 500 Primary Grafts
Authors: Channaoui Aniss , de Magnée Catherine , Tambucci Roberto , Bonaccorsi‐Riani Eliano , Pirotte Thierry , Magasich‐Airola Natalia , Detaille Thierry , Houtekie Laurent , Menten Renaud , Dumitriu Dana , van den Hove Marguerite , Baldin Pamela , Smets Françoise , Scheers Isabelle , Jannone Giulia , Sokal Etienne , Stephenne Xavier , Reding Raymond 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe concept of failure to rescue (FTR) has been used to evaluate the quality of care in several surgical specialties but has not been well‐studied after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) in children.MethodsThis study retrospectively reviewed 500 pediatric LDLT performed at a single center between 1993 and 2022. The recipient outcomes were assessed by means of patient and graft survival rates, retransplantation rates, and arterial/portal/biliary complication rates. Graft and patient losses secondary to these complications were calculated regarding FTR for patients (FTRp) and grafts (FTRg).ResultsOverall 1‐ and 5‐year patient survival rates were 94.5% and 92.1%, respectively, the corresponding figures for graft survival being 92.7% and 89.8%. One‐year hepatic artery complication rate was 3.6% (n = 18 cases), the respective rates for portal vein complications and biliary complications being 5.7% (n = 57) and 15.6% (n = 101). One‐year FTRp rates for hepatic artery thrombosis, portal vein thrombosis, anastomotic biliary stricture, and intrahepatic biliary stricture were 28.6%, 9.4%, 3.6%, and 0%, respectively. The corresponding FTRg rates being 21.4%, 6.3%, 0%, and 36.4%.ConclusionSuch novel analytical method may offer valuable insights for optimizing quality of care in pediatric LDLT.
A resource of identified and annotated lincRNAs expressed during somatic embryogenesis development in Norway spruce
Authors: Canovi Camilla , Stojkovič Katja , Benítez Aarón Ayllón , Delhomme Nicolas , Egertsdotter Ulrika , Street Nathaniel R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLong non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as important regulators of many biological processes, although their regulatory roles remain poorly characterized in woody plants, especially in gymnosperms. A major challenge of working with lncRNAs is to assign functional annotations, since they have a low coding potential and low cross‐species conservation.We utilised an existing RNA‐Sequencing resource and performed short RNA sequencing of somatic embryogenesis developmental stages in Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst). We implemented a pipeline to identify lncRNAs located within the intergenic space (lincRNAs) and generated a co‐expression network including protein coding, lincRNA and miRNA genes.To assign putative functional annotation, we employed a guilt‐by‐association approach using the co‐expression network and integrated these results with annotation assigned using semantic similarity and co‐expression. Moreover, we evaluated the relationship between lincRNAs and miRNAs, and identified which lincRNAs are conserved in other species. We identified lincRNAs with clear evidence of differential expression during somatic embryogenesis and used network connectivity to identify those with the greatest regulatory potential.This work provides the most comprehensive view of lincRNAs in Norway spruce and is the first study to perform global identification of lincRNAs during somatic embryogenesis in conifers. The data have been integrated into the expression visualisation tools at the PlantGenIE.org web resource to enable easy access to the community. This will facilitate the use of the data to address novel questions about the role of lincRNAs in the regulation of embryogenesis and facilitate future comparative genomics studies.
Inflammation indices in association with periodontitis and cancer
Authors: Walther Kay‐Arne , Gröger Sabine , Vogler Jonas Adrian Helmut , Wöstmann Bernd , Meyle Jörg 
Published: September 2024

AbstractInflammation is a complex physiological process that plays a pivotal role in many if not all pathological conditions, including infectious as well as inflammatory diseases, like periodontitis and autoimmune disorders. Inflammatory response to periodontal biofilms and tissue destruction in periodontitis is associated with the release of inflammatory mediators. Chronic inflammation can promote the development of cancer. Persistence of inflammatory mediators plays a crucial role in this process. Quantification and monitoring of the severity of inflammation in relation to cancer is essential. Periodontitis is mainly quantified based on the severity and extent of attachment loss and/or pocket probing depth, in addition with bleeding on probing. In recent years, studies started to investigate inflammation indices in association with periodontal diseases. To date, only few reviews have been published focusing on the relationship between blood cell count, inflammation indices, and periodontitis. This review presents a comprehensive overview of different systemic inflammation indices, their methods of measurement, and the clinical applications in relation to periodontitis and cancer. This review outlines the physiological basis of inflammation and the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of the parameters described. Key inflammation indices are commonly utilized in periodontology such as the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio. Inflammation indices like the platelet to lymphocyte ratio, platelet distribution width, plateletcrit, red blood cell distribution width, lymphocyte to monocyte ratio, delta neutrophil index, and the systemic immune inflammation index are also used in hospital settings and will be discussed. The clinical roles and limitations, relationship to systemic diseases as well as their association to periodontitis and treatment response are described.
Inclusive education and labour productivity: The case of Sub‐Saharan African countries
Authors: Wirajing Muhamadu Awal Kindzeka , Nchofoung Tii N. , Nanfosso Roger Tsafack 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEducation is instrumental in developing skills that determine the level of labour productivity in an economy. This study cross‐examines the effect of inclusive education on labour productivity growth in Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). The methodology involves the instrumental variable two‐stage least square (IV‐2SLS) with data collected for 48 SSA countries spanning between the years 2000–2021. The following results are arrived at: (i) Inclusive education significantly boosts labour productivity across all income groups. (ii) Pre‐primary, secondary and tertiary education significantly affect labour productivity more than primary education with the impact less evident in middle‐income countries. (iii) The impact of secondary and primary educational enrolments on labour productivity is greater in African countries that follow the French civil system compared to those under British common‐law jurisdiction. Based on the study findings, the following policy recommendations can be forwarded: SSA countries should design policies that improve the productive capacity of their workforce through the enhancement of inclusive education. In addition, more investments should be made in the educational sector to increase access to education and equitable opportunities for schooling for all, especially in Africa where the attainment rate has been relatively low.
On a healing journey together and apart: A Swedish critical incident technique study on family involvement from a patient perspective in relation to elective open‐heart surgery
Authors: Drakenberg Anna , Sundqvist Ann‐Sofie , Fridlund Bengt , Ericsson Elisabeth 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundAs family members affect patient outcomes following open‐heart surgery, the objective was to provide updated knowledge on family involvement in to guide future interventions facilitating family involvement.AimThe aim was to explore and describe the experiences and actions of important situations of family involvement asexpressed by patients who underwent elective open‐heart surgery in Sweden.Methodological Design and JustificationThe critical incident technique (CIT) was used, which is a qualitative research method suitable for clinical problems when a phenomenon is known but the experiences and consequences of it are not.Ethical Issues and ApprovalConsiderations for patient integrity were made during the recruitment phase by ensuring that voluntary informed consent was obtained in two steps.Research MethodsIndividual interviews were conducted with 35 patients who underwent open‐heart surgery in Sweden in 2023. Important situations were analysed according to the CIT method.ResultsTwo main areas emerged: Patients described important situations of family involvement as experiences of mutual dependency while also being independent individuals. These experiences led to balancing healing and risk‐taking activities as a family. The positive consequences of family involvement described by patients included improved recovery through practical help at home and emotional support.ConclusionsAs complements to preserving the existing positive aspects of family involvement, social support screening, the establishment of individualised visitation policies and the provision of professional and peer support earlier can improve patient recovery following open‐heart surgery.
A journey through transitional care–family members' experiences post a life‐threatening situation: A qualitative study
Authors: Gyllander Theresa , Näppä Ulla , Häggström Marie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundBeing a family member to someone who suffers from a serious illness can change one's perspectives about life. A sudden and severe illness can result in a demanding journey that involves acute admission to hospital, intensive care, post‐care, and finally, returning home.AimTo describe the experience of staying beside a next of kin throughout the healthcare journey, from the onset of illness at home, to the intensive care unit, post‐care, and returning home.MethodsThe study employed a qualitative design, with data collected via semi‐structured interviews and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. A purposive sampling was used to recruit participants (n = 14), who had experiences of staying beside a next of kin throughout the healthcare journey from the onset of illness to discharge from the hospital.FindingsFamily members’ experiences were captured under the overarching theme Journey through an emotional turmoil and the themes Entering a new world, Continuing the journey towards something unknown, and Striving for the new normal at home. They described going through a non‐linear process, characterised by transitions or changes in several aspects. The transitions included shifts in the roles that the family members played, in the various environments they found themselves in, and in the progression of the patient's illness or injury.ConclusionThe study suggested that family members with a next of kin who experienced life‐threatening situations undergo challenging transitions. The informal caregiver role placed on family members of intensive care unit‐survivors significantly impacts their lives and the healthcare systems should prioritise providing high‐quality support to family members throughout the entire healthcare journey. Elevating the importance of nursing care within the healthcare system can contribute to delivering holistic care and facilitating transitions. Further research should focus on understanding the support that family members perceive as necessary to facilitate their transition and enhance their well‐being.
Influence of Menstrual Phase and Symptoms on Match Running in Professional Footballers
Authors: Brown Georgia A. , Duffield Rob 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThis study examined the effects of menstrual cycle phases and symptoms on match running performance in football (soccer) players. Twenty‐one nonhormonal contraceptive using football players from four professional teams were monitored for up to four menstrual cycles during a domestic league season. Menstrual phases, classified as early‐follicular phase (EFP), mid‐late follicular phase (MFP), and luteal phase (LP), were determined by self‐reporting of menstruation and urinary hormone tests (luteinizing hormone and pregnanediol‐3‐glucuronide). On match day, players completed a menstrual symptom severity questionnaire. In repeated matches, players wore 10 Hz Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) devices to measure relative (/min) total distance, high‐speed running distance, very high‐speed distance, peak speed, acceleration count, and deceleration count. Linear mixed models were performed for each GPS measure to determine the relationship with phase or symptoms. Data for 7 and 10 players were included for menstrual phase and menstrual symptoms analyses, respectively. A significantly higher total distance was reported during MFP compared to EFP (Δ 5.1 m min−1; p = 0.04) and LP (Δ 5.8 m min−1; p = 0.007). Significantly greater high‐speed running was reported during MFP compared to EFP (Δ 1.2 m min−1; p = 0.012) and LP (Δ 1.1 m min−1; p = 0.007). No significant effect of menstrual phase was found for any other GPS measures (p > 0.05). Accelerations declined with increasing symptom severity (p = 0.021, estimate = −0.01count.min−1). Menstrual symptom severity did not affect any other GPS measures (p > 0.05). In conclusion, greater total distance and high‐speed running occurred during the MFP. Additionally, accelerations minimally decreased with increasing menstrual symptom severity. Large intra‐ and inter‐variability existed, suggesting individualized monitoring and management of menstrual effects on performance would be beneficial.
Research on Social Stratification in Brazil
Authors: Ribeiro Carlos A. Costa , Carvalhaes Flavio 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBrazil, as the most unequal and populous country in Latin America, demands a closer examination of its patterns and trends of social stratification. With an emphasis on recent contributions, the paper reviews the literature on four major areas of stratification research: race relations and inequality, educational stratification, intergenerational mobility, and income inequality. The literature on racial stratification focuses on the following subjects: racial classification, discrimination, marital selectivity, educational stratification, and intergenerational mobility. In addition, educational stratification literature concerning trends and patterns is reviewed with special attention to studies advanced by sociologists of social stratification. Intergenerational mobility studies are also presented and discussed. Finally, studies on income and wealth inequality are reviewed. In all these areas the contribution of sociologists is highlighted, and trends and patterns of stratification are presented.
The Manipulation Argument and a Kantian account of freedom
Authors: Lee Byeong D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOn Kant's view, we are rational beings who are morally responsible for our actions. The main goal of this paper is to show that this Kantian view of ourselves is not undermined by the Manipulation Argument, which is currently the biggest challenge to compatibilism. To this end, I argue that a Kantian account of freedom offers a new soft‐line reply to this argument. On this Kantian account, moral responsibility requires not only positive freedom but also negative freedom. An agent is free in the positive sense just in case the agent has the rational capacity to act in compliance with moral norms. And an agent lacks negative freedom regarding their actions when these actions are determined by internal or external factors beyond their rational control. Based on this Kantian account, I provide a principled explanation of why there is a significant difference between manipulated actions and merely causally determined actions regarding moral responsibility. In addition, I bring out the distinctive characteristics of my Kantian account further by comparing it with two competing conceptions of freedom: leeway freedom and sourcehood freedom.