bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) in Asian and European populations
Authors: Kumar Alok , de Leiva Alberto 
Published: February 2017

SummaryDiabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder caused by relative or absolute insulin deficiency and characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia. It is expected that by year 2025, 80% of all type 2 diabetic patients will be living in developing or low‐ and middle‐income countries. Among Asians, there has been an overall increase in abdominal obesity; however, the risk of diabetes in these populations starts at much lower body mass index as compared to Caucasians. A significant proportion of diabetic patients with adult‐onset, initially nonrequiring insulin treatment, have diabetes‐associated autoantibodies in their sera. A new subclass of diabetes with the designation of latent autoimmune diabetes of adult‐onset (LADA) has been proposed for this category of subjects. Studies have demonstrated that patients with autoimmune diabetes, characterized by the presence of glutamic decarboxylase autoantibodies display a different clinical phenotype from classical type 2 diabetes without glutamic decarboxylase autoantibodies. This subset of phenotypic type 2 diabetes subjects with islet autoantibodies tend to have sulphonylurea failure and need insulin treatment earlier in the disease process. Diagnosing LADA at an initial stage will be important so that insulin can be initiated earlier, facilitating improved glycemic control sooner as well as the preservation of residual beta‐cell function in adult‐onset autoimmune diabetes. Because of differences in dietary habits, environmental factors, and phenotypic characteristics between European and Asian populations, there may be heterogeneity in the prevalence and other characteristics of LADA in these two populations.
Stability and change in patterns of eating disorder symptoms from adolescence to young adulthood
Authors: Pearson Carolyn M. , Miller Jonathan , Ackard Diann M. , Loth Katie A. , Wall Melanie M. , Haynos Ann F. , Neumark‐Sztainer Dianne 
Published: February 2017

AbstractUsing a community adolescent sample, we aimed to (a) empirically derive eating disorder (ED) symptom groups, (b) examine the longitudinal stability of those groups over 10 years, and (c) identify risk factors associated with ED group stability and transition through young adulthood. Young people (N = 2,287) from the Project EAT cohort participated at baseline (1998–1999) and at 10‐year follow‐up (2008–2009). Participants completed anthropometric measures at baseline and self‐report surveys on disordered eating symptoms and risk factors at both time points. Latent transition modeling was used to test the first two aims and multinomial logistic regression was used for the third aim. Three groups emerged and were labeled as: (a) asymptomatic, (b) dieting, (c) disordered eating (e.g., binge eating, compensatory behaviors). Stability of group membership over 10 years was highest for those in the asymptomatic group, while those in the dieting group showed equal likelihood of transitioning to any group. There was a 75% chance that those in the disordered eating group would continue to belong to a symptomatic group 10 years later. We found that these transitions could be predicted by baseline risk factors. For example, adolescents with one standard deviation higher depressive symptoms than their peers had 53% higher odds (OR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.09–2.16) of transitioning from the asymptomatic group to the disordered eating group. Transition among ED groups is relatively common during adolescence and early adulthood. By targeting risk factors such as self‐esteem and familial factors in early adolescence, prevention efforts may be improved.
Why the short face? Developmental disintegration of the neurocranium drives convergent evolution in neotropical electric fishes
Authors: Evans Kory M. , Waltz Brandon , Tagliacollo Victor , Chakrabarty Prosanta , Albert James S. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractConvergent evolution is widely viewed as strong evidence for the influence of natural selection on the origin of phenotypic design. However, the emerging evo‐devo synthesis has highlighted other processes that may bias and direct phenotypic evolution in the presence of environmental and genetic variation. Developmental biases on the production of phenotypic variation may channel the evolution of convergent forms by limiting the range of phenotypes produced during ontogeny. Here, we study the evolution and convergence of brachycephalic and dolichocephalic skull shapes among 133 species of Neotropical electric fishes (Gymnotiformes: Teleostei) and identify potential developmental biases on phenotypic evolution. We plot the ontogenetic trajectories of neurocranial phenotypes in 17 species and document developmental modularity between the face and braincase regions of the skull. We recover a significant relationship between developmental covariation and relative skull length and a significant relationship between developmental covariation and ontogenetic disparity. We demonstrate that modularity and integration bias the production of phenotypes along the brachycephalic and dolichocephalic skull axis and contribute to multiple, independent evolutionary transformations to highly brachycephalic and dolichocephalic skull morphologies.
Nurse plants transfer more nitrogen to distantly related species
Authors: Montesinos‐Navarro Alicia , Verdú Miguel , Querejeta José Ignacio , Valiente‐Banuet Alfonso 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPlant facilitative interactions enhance co‐occurrence between distant relatives, partly due to limited overlap in resource requirements. We propose a different mechanism for the coexistence of distant relatives based on positive interactions of nutrient sharing. Nutrients move between plants following source–sink gradients driven by plant traits that allow these gradients to establish. Specifically, nitrogen (N) concentration gradients can arise from variation in leaf N content across plants species. As many ecologically relevant traits, we hypothesize that leaf N content is phylogenetically conserved and can result in N gradients promoting N transfer among distant relatives. In a Mexican desert community governed by facilitation, we labelled nurse plants (Mimosa luisana) with 15N and measured its transfer to 14 other species in the community, spanning the range of phylogenetic distances to the nurse plant. Nurses established steeper N source–sink gradients with distant relatives, increasing 15N transfer toward these species. Nutrient sharing may provide long‐term benefits to facilitated plants and may be an overlooked mechanism maintaining coexistence and increasing the phylogenetic diversity of plant communities.
Left ventricular assist device therapy in advanced heart failure: patient selection and outcomes
Authors: Gustafsson Finn , Rogers Joseph G. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDespite improvements in pharmacological therapy and pacing, prognosis in advanced heart failure (HF) remains poor, with a 1‐year mortality of 25–50%. While heart transplantation provides excellent survival and quality of life for eligible patients, only a few can be offered this treatment due to shortage of donor organs. Implantable left ventricular assist device (LVAD) technology has improved considerably, and the currently used continuous flow devices may last >10 years in a patient. LVADs are being used increasingly both as bridge‐to‐transplantation and as destination therapy. Current studies report 1‐ and 2‐year survival after LVAD implantation of 80% and 70%, respectively. Outcome after LVAD implantation in stable patients is superior to that of ‘crash and burn’ patients or patients sliding on inotropes, favouring early referral and implantation. This review summarizes factors to consider when deciding on LVAD implantation such as age, co‐morbidity, and cardiac pathophysiology. Complications to LVAD therapy are reviewed. It is concluded that while complications with LVAD therapy are not uncommon, most are manageable, and current outcomes clearly justify use of LVADs in advanced HF.
Management of post‐traumatic epilepsy: An evidence review over the last 5 years and future directions
Authors: Piccenna Loretta , Shears Graeme , O'Brien Terence J. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryPost‐traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a relatively underappreciated condition that can develop as a secondary consequence following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The aim of this rapid evidence review is to provide a synthesis of existing evidence on the effectiveness of treatment interventions for the prevention of PTE in people who have suffered a moderate/severe TBI to increase awareness and understanding among consumers. Electronic medical databases (n = 5) and gray literature published between January 2010 and April 2015 were searched for studies on the management of PTE. Twenty‐two eligible studies were identified that met the inclusion criteria. No evidence was found for the effectiveness of any pharmacological treatments in the prevention or treatment of symptomatic seizures in adults with PTE. However, limited high‐level evidence for the effectiveness of the antiepileptic drug levetiracetam was identified for PTE in children. Low‐level evidence was identified for nonpharmacological interventions in significantly reducing seizures in patients with PTE, but only in a minority of cases, requiring further high‐level studies to confirm the results. This review provides an opportunity for researchers and health service professionals to better understand the underlying pathophysiology of PTE to develop novel, more effective therapeutic targets and to improve the quality of life of people with this condition.
Predictive framework for estimating exposure of birds to pharmaceuticals
Authors: Bean Thomas G. , Arnold Kathryn E. , Lane Julie M. , Bergström Ed , Thomas-Oates Jane , Rattner Barnett A. , Boxall Alistair B.A. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

We present and evaluate a framework for estimating concentrations of pharmaceuticals over time in wildlife feeding at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The framework is composed of a series of predictive steps involving the estimation of pharmaceutical concentration in wastewater, accumulation into wildlife food items, and uptake by wildlife with subsequent distribution into, and elimination from, tissues. Because many pharmacokinetic parameters for wildlife are unavailable for the majority of drugs in use, a read-across approach was employed using either rodent or human data on absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Comparison of the different steps in the framework against experimental data for the scenario where birds are feeding on a WWTP contaminated with fluoxetine showed that estimated concentrations in wastewater treatment works were lower than measured concentrations; concentrations in food could be reasonably estimated if experimental bioaccumulation data are available; and read-across from rodent data worked better than human to bird read-across. The framework provides adequate predictions of plasma concentrations and of elimination behavior in birds but yields poor predictions of distribution in tissues. The approach holds promise, but it is important that we improve our understanding of the physiological similarities and differences between wild birds and domesticated laboratory mammals used in pharmaceutical efficacy/safety trials, so that the wealth of data available can be applied more effectively in ecological risk assessments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2335–2344. © 2017 SETAC
A finite volume scheme for solving anisotropic diffusion on ALE‐AMR grids
Authors: Breil Jérôme , Jacq Pascal , Maire Pierre‐Henri 
Published: February 2017

SummaryIn the context of High Energy Density Physics and more precisely in the field of laser plasma interaction, Lagrangian schemes are commonly used. The lack of robustness due to strong grid deformations requires the regularization of the mesh through the use of Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian methods. Theses methods usually add some diffusion and a loss of precision is observed. We propose to use Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) techniques to reduce this loss of accuracy. This work focuses on the resolution of the anisotropic diffusion operator on Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian‐AMR grids.In this paper, we describe a second‐order accurate cell‐centered finite volume method for solving anisotropic diffusion on AMR type grids. The scheme described here is based on local flux approximation which can be derived through the use of a finite difference approximation, leading to the CCLADNS scheme. We present here the 2D and 3D extension of the CCLADNS scheme to AMR meshes. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bricks and Mortar in a Borderless World: Globalization, the Backlash, and the Multinational Enterprise
Authors: Kobrin Stephen J. 
Published: February 2017

Research summaryGlobalization, increased interconnectedness, and deep integration resulted in significant increases in trade and FDI from 1989 through 2008. The recession marked the end of that trend and the rise of a broad‐based opposition that has economic, social, and political components. This article explores the backlash, arguing that is driven by sociotropic perceptions. While globalization can be explained as a cyclical or structural phenomenon, I argue that technological change results in a networked global economy, the transition from a space of places to a space of flows, and increases the potential cost of devolution to the point where economic independence is no longer feasible. Nonetheless, I conclude that MNCs face a period of prolonged uncertainty and develop implications for firm strategy.Managerial summaryGlobalization entailed explosive growth in trade and FDI from 1989 through 2008. The decline in both since the recession and the strident backlash may indicate the end of this wave. The economic, political, and social components of the backlash are explored, and I argue that while the economic and political factors that gave rise to globalization longer exist, structural factors—networked MNCs, dispersion of technology, and complex global supply chains—increase the cost of devolution to the point where a return to independent national markets is not feasible. We are likely to be stuck with an international economy from which we can neither withdraw nor manage effectively, a prolonged period of angst and uncertainty. I conclude with scenarios and implications for multinational firms. Copyright © 2017 Strategic Management Society
Early body composition, but not body mass, is associated with future accelerated decline in muscle quality
Authors: Fabbri Elisa , Chiles Shaffer Nancy , Gonzalez‐Freire Marta , Shardell Michelle D. , Zoli Marco , Studenski Stephanie A. , Ferrucci Luigi 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundMuscle quality (MQ) or strength‐to‐mass ratio declines with aging, but the rate of MQ change with aging is highly heterogeneous across individuals. The identification of risk factors for accelerated MQ decline may offer clues to identity the underpinning physiological mechanisms and indicate targets for prevention and treatment. Using data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, we tested whether measures of body mass and body composition are associated with differential rates of changes in MQ with aging.MethodsParticipants included 511 men and women, aged 50 years or older, followed for an average of 4 years (range: 1–8). MQ was operationalized as ratio between knee‐extension isokinetic strength and CT‐thigh muscle cross‐sectional area. Predictors included body mass and body composition measures: weight (kg), body mass index (BMI, kg/m2), dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry‐measured total body fat mass (TFM, kg) and lean mass (TLM, kg), and body fatness (TFM/weight). Covariates were baseline age, sex, race, and body height.ResultsMuscle quality showed a significant linear decline over the time of the follow up (average rate of decline 0.02 Nm/cm2 per year, P < .001). Independent of covariates, neither baseline body weight (P = .756) nor BMI (P = .777) was predictive of longitudinal rate of decline in MQ. Instead, higher TFM and lower TLM at baseline predicted steeper longitudinal decline in MQ (P = .036 and P < .001, respectively). In particular, participants with both high TFM and low TLM at baseline experienced the most dramatic decline compared with those with low TFM and high TLM (about 3% per year vs. 0.5% per year, respectively). Participants in the higher tertile of baseline body fatness presented a significantly faster decline of MQ than the rest of the population (P = .021). Similar results were observed when body mass, TFM, and TLM were modeled as time‐dependent predictors.ConclusionsBody composition, but not weight nor BMI, is associated with future MQ decline, suggesting that preventive strategies aimed at maintaining good MQ with aging should specifically target body composition features.
Diagnostic performance of T1 and T2 mapping to detect intramyocardial hemorrhage in reperfused ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients
Authors: Bulluck Heerajnarain , Rosmini Stefania , Abdel‐Gadir Amna , Bhuva Anish N. , Treibel Thomas A. , Fontana Marianna , Gonzalez‐Lopez Esther , Ramlall Manish , Hamarneh Ashraf , Sirker Alex , Herrey Anna S. , Manisty Charlotte , Yellon Derek M. , Moon James C. , Hausenloy Derek J. 
Published: February 2017

PurposeTo investigate the performance of T1 and T2 mapping to detect intramyocardial hemorrhage (IMH) in ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI).Materials and MethodsFifty STEMI patients were prospectively recruited between August 2013 and July 2014 following informed consent. Forty‐eight patients completed a 1.5T cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with native T1, T2, and
maps at 4 ± 2 days. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed to assess the performance of T1 and T2 to detect IMH.ResultsThe mean age was 59 ± 13 years old and 88% (24/48) were male. In all, 39 patients had interpretable
maps and 26/39 (67%) of the patients had IMH (
<20 msec on
maps). Both T1 and T2 values of the hypointense core within the area‐at‐risk (AAR) performed equally well to detect IMH (T1 maps AUC 0.86 [95% confidence interval [CI] 0.72–0.99] versus T2 maps AUC 0.86 [95% CI 0.74–0.99]; P = 0.94). Using the binary assessment of presence or absence of a hypointense core on the maps, the diagnostic performance of T1 and T2 remained equally good (T1 AUC 0.87 [95% CI 0.73–1.00] versus T2 AUC 0.85 [95% CI 0.71–0.99]; P = 0.90) with good sensitivity and specificity (T1: 88% and 85% and T2: 85% and 85%, respectively).ConclusionThe presence of a hypointense core on the T1 and T2 maps can detect IMH equally well and with good sensitivity and specificity in reperfused STEMI patients and could be used as an alternative when
images are not acquired or are not interpretable.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;46:877–886
High‐dimensional uncertainty quantification for an electrothermal field problem using stochastic collocation on sparse grids and tensor train decompositions
Authors: Loukrezis Dimitrios , Römer Ulrich , Casper Thorben , Schöps Sebastian , De Gersem Herbert 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThe temperature developed in bondwires of integrated circuits (ICs) is a possible source of malfunction and has to be taken into account during the design phase of an IC. Because of manufacturing tolerances, a bondwire's geometrical characteristics are uncertain parameters, and as such, their impact has to be examined with the use of uncertainty quantification methods. Considering a stochastic electrothermal problem featuring 12 bondwire‐related uncertainties, we want to quantify the impact of the uncertain inputs onto the temperature developed during the duty cycle of an IC. For this reason, we apply the stochastic collocation method on sparse grids, which is considered the current state‐of‐the‐art. We also implement an approach based on the recently introduced low‐rank tensor decompositions, in particular the tensor train decomposition, which in theory promises to break the curse of dimensionality. A comparison of both methods is presented, with respect to accuracy and computational effort.
Mesoscale convective systems and other precipitation features over the tropical Americas and surrounding seas as seen byTRMM
Authors: Jaramillo Liliana , Poveda Germán , Mejía John F. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTWe classified and characterized precipitation features (PFs) at annual and diurnal timescales during 1998–2011 over the tropical Americas and adjoining oceans using data from two instruments on board the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Our scope included geographic distribution, frequency, area, rainfall rate, and polarization‐corrected temperatures (PCTs) ofPFsin an effort to contrast different regions over Colombia, the Amazon River Basin, and the adjoining oceanic regions (Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea). Our results showed that mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) over the Caribbean Sea exhibited colder minimumPCTsthan Pacific OceanMCSs. Pacific OceanMCSshad higher rainfall rates, however, than Caribbean SeaMCSs. Despite the fact thatMCSsrepresented <1% of the total precipitation systems found, theMCSscontributed more rainfall over the study regions. Over the Pacific Ocean, for example,MCSscontributed approximately 57% of the total rainfall contributed by all precipitation systems identified over that region. Additionally,MCSsover the Pacific coast have their maximum frequency during the morning hours (0000–0600 Local Time) offshore and centred over the Pacific Ocean at 77.5°W. The annual cycle ofPFsshowed a marked bimodal annual cycle over Colombia, whereas over the Amazon Basin, Pacific Ocean, and Caribbean Sea,PFswere characterized by a unimodal annual cycle.
Formation of heterocyclic amines in Chinese marinated meat: effects of animal species and ingredients (rock candy, soy sauce and rice wine)
Authors: Wang Pan , Hong Yanting , Ke Weixin , Hu Xiaosong , Chen Fang 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDHeterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) are one type of neo‐formed contaminants in protein‐rich foods during heat processing. Recently, accumulative studies have focused on the formation of HAs in Western foods. However, there is little knowledge about the occurrence of HAAs in traditional Chinese foods. The objective of this study was to determinate the contents of main HAs in traditional marinated meat products by UPLC‐MS/MS, and to investigate the effects of animal species and the ingredients (soy sauce, rock candy, and rice wine) on the formation of HAAs in marinated meats.RESULTSFive HAs – 2‐amino‐3‐methylimidazo[4,5‐f]‐quinolone (IQ), 2‐amino‐3,8‐dimethylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoxaline (MeIQx), 2‐amino‐3,4‐dimethylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoxaline (MeIQ), 9H‐pyrido[3,4‐b]indole (Norharman) and l‐methyl‐9H‐pyrido[3,4‐b]indole (Harman) – were detected in 12 marinated meats, but 2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine (PhIP) was only found in three chicken marinates. The animal species and ingredients (soy sauce, rock candy and rice wine) have significant influence on the formation of HAAs in meat marinates. Beef had the highest content of total HAAs compared with pork, mutton and chicken. Meanwhile, soy sauce contributed to the formation of HAAs more greatly than rock candy, soy sauce, and rice wine.CONCLUSIONChoice of raw materials and optimisation of ingredients recipe should be become a critical point to control the HAAs formation in marinated meats. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry