bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived Competence in Adolescents Having Prosocial Behaviour: A Tunisian Study
Authors: Charfi N. , Kammoun W. , Ben Thabet J. , Mâalej Bouali M. , Zouari N. , Zouari L. , Mâalej M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionPerceived competence (PC) is a self-perception of an individual in its capabilities and ability to control his environment. It is posited to orient individuals to the possibility of success and to facilitate the adoption of approach goals.ObjectivesWe aimed to assess the PC of adolescents engaged in prosocial activities and to determine factors that influence it.MethodsWe led a transversal study, over four months, from June until September 2016. It included 90 adolescents aged 14–20 years and members of voluntary association in Sfax (Tunisia). PC was assessed using the “perceived competence in life domains” (PCLD) for the life spheres of leisure, interpersonal relationships, school, and general domains.ResultsThe average age of participants was 16 (14 to 20 years). The sample was female-dominated (53%). All participants were secondary school pupils. Almost 70% were from a high socio-economic level and over 60% had parents’ high level of education.The mean scores of PC ranged from 19 (SD = 5.4) in leisure domain to 16 (SD = 4) in interpersonal relationships domain. PC was significantly correlated with socio-economic level (P = 0.00), participating in sports and extra- curricular activities (P = 0.00), academic proficiency (P = 0.01) and smoking (P = 0.00).ConclusionOverall, our results evidenced the positive self-perception of competence among adolescents having prosocial activities. It indicated that high socio-economic level, participating in sports and extra-curricular activities and smoking were enhancing factors of adolescents PC.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The Influences of Antipsychotics Therapy at Cognitive Impairments in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Dedovic J. , Tomcuk A. , Mijatovic-Papic T. , Matkovic N. 
Published: June 2017

Significant degree of cognitive impairment represents one of the basic cornerstones among clinical manifestations of the schizophrenia spectrum disorders and accordingly to some authors it is present in up to 75% patients with these syndromes. The aim of this study was to examine degree of cognitive impairment, firstly among patients on first generation antipsychotics therapy (FGA) compared to the patients on second generation antipsychotics therapy (SGA), and secondly to compare both groups of patients with healthy controls.Material and methodsProspective, parallel research was conducted, in which the sample of patients and employees of Specialized Psychiatric Hospital Kotor was tested with Montreal Cognition Scale (MoCA). There were 66 participants in the samples and they were divided on four subgroups: (1) patients with FGA; (2) patients with SGA; (3) patients with combined FGA and SGA; (4) Healthy controls.ResultsAll groups of patients had statistically significantly lower mean MoCA scores in the comparison with healthy controls. The fact that among 83.7% of patients was diagnosed significant degree of cognitive decline (MoCA score bellow 26) strongly speaks in favour of high sensitivity of MoCA test in detection of cognitive impairment among patients with schizophrenia spectrum psychotic disorders. In addition, the group of patients with FGA also had statistically significantly lower mean MoCA score compared to patients with SGA.DiscussionThe mechanisms of explanation of these results can be additionally enlightened with further studies on larger samples of patients, which would investigate the correlation between extrapyramidal symptomatology, anticholinergic therapy and cognitive deficit.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Obsessive compulsive Personality Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder Traits in the Obsessive-compulsive Disorder Clinic
Authors: Gadelkarim W. , Shahper S. , Reid J. , Wikramanayake M. , Kaur S. , Kolli S. , Fineberg N. , Osman S. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionObsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD) is a common, highly co-morbid disorder. Subjected to comparatively little research, OCPD shares aspects of phenomenology and neuropsychology with obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders and neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A greater understanding of this interrelationship would provide new insights into its diagnostic classification and generate new research and treatment heuristics.AimsTo investigate the distribution of OCPD traits within a cohort of OCD patients. To evaluate the clinical overlap between traits of OCPD, OCD and ASD, as well as level of insight and treatment resistance.MethodWe interviewed 73 consenting patients from a treatment seeking OCD Specialist Service. We evaluated the severity of OCPD traits (Compulsive Personality Assessment Scale; CPAS), OCD symptoms (Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale; Y-BOCS), ASD traits (Adult Autism Spectrum Quotient; AQ) and insight (Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale; BABS).ResultsOut of 67 patients, 24 (36%) met DSM-IV criteria for OCPD, defined using the CPAS. Using Pearson's test, CPAS scores significantly (P < 0.01) correlated with total AQ and selected AQ domains but not with BABS. Borderline significant correlation was observed with Y-BOCS (P = 0.07). OCPD was not over-represented in a highly resistant OCD subgroup.ConclusionDisabling OCPD traits are common in the OCD clinic. They strongly associate with ASD traits, less strongly with OCD severity and do not appear related to poor insight or highly treatment-resistant OCD. The impact of OCPD on OCD treatment outcomes requires further research.Disclosure of interestThis work did not receive funding from external sources. Over the past few years, Dr. Fineberg has received financial support in various forms from the following: Shire, Otsuka, Lundbeck, Glaxo-SmithKline, Servier, Cephalon, Astra Zeneca, Jazz pharmaceuticals, Bristol Myers Squibb, Novartis, Medical Research Council (UK), National Institute for Health Research (UK), Wellcome Foundation, European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, UK College of Mental Health Pharmacists, British Association for Psychopharmacology, International College of Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders, International Society for Behavioural Addiction, World Health Organization, Royal College of Psychiatrists.
Effect of Electroconvulsive Therapy on Serum Serotonin Level in Patients with Treatment–Resistant Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Agha Mohammad Hasani P. , Mokhtaree M. , Fatemeh M.M. , Mohammad N. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundThis study aimed to determine the effect of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) on serum serotonin level of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).MethodsIn this experimental study, 36 patients (age: 20–65 years old) with MDD were allocated to ECT group (n = 21) and non-ECT group (n = 15). Serum serotonin level of the ECT group was measured before ECT, 15 minutes and two, six, and 24 hours after the first session, and 24 hours and 30 days after the last ECT session. Measurements were performed at the time of admission and one month after hospitalisation in the non-ECT group. Data analysed with t-tests, repeated measures analysis of variance by SPSS16.ResultsThe mean serotonin levels of the two groups were significantly different 24 hours and 30 days after the last session of ECT (P = 0.048 and P = 0.04, respectively). The difference of mean serotonin levels in the ECT group before & 15 min after ECT (P = 0.044) before & 6 hour after ECT (P = 0.015), before & 24 hour after ECT (P = 0.007), before & 24 hour after last ECT (0.002) was meaningful.ConclusionAltogether, our results showed that serum serotonin levels significantly increase following ECT in MDD patients.
Cortisol Awakening Response and Depression in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients
Authors: Buonomenna V.M. , Marciello F. , Caivano V. , Cascino G. , D’Agostino G. , Nunziata D. , Monteleone P. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAlthough the available evidence strongly supports an association between depression and coronary heart disease (CHD), the possible biological link between these two conditions still remains to be clarified. The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is the main endogenous system mediating the stress response and changes in cortisol secretion have been associated with depressed mood in patients with CHD. Therefore, the study of the correlation between cortisol levels and depressed mood in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients could help to clarify the nature of the relationship between ACS and the risk to develop a depressive syndrome.ObjectiveWe aimed to explore the relationships between HPA axis activity and depressed mood in ACS patients.AimsThe purpose of this study was to determine whether the cortisol awakening response (CAR) is associated and/or predict depressive symptoms in patients with an ACS.MethodPatients admitted to an ACS ward were asked to fill in the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and to collect saliva samples in the morning to measure their CAR. All the procedures were carried out within 1 week after an ACS. Patients were asked again to fill in the BDI six months after their ACS.ResultsA lower CAR was associated with higher BDI scores after 6 months from an ACS.ConclusionsOur preliminary results suggest that hypoactivity of the HPA axis in the first week of an ACS may predict more severe depressive symptoms after 6 months from the ACS.
Study on Dimensional Facets of Personality as Putative Mediating Factors for Perinatal Depression and Anxiety in Women who Gave Birth in Timis County
Authors: Enatescu V.R. , Craina M. , Papava I. , Romosan R.S. , Balazs O. , Enatescu I. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAntepartum depression has garnered wide recognition from the scientific community in recent years. This has led to the replacement of the term postpartum with perinatal in the 5th edition of the DSM with regards to pregnancy associated depression. Personality may play a significant role in the susceptibility for developing perinatal depression.ObjectivesThe current research aimed to analyze the role of different facets of personality in mediating the occurrence of both, perinatal depression and perinatal anxiety, in women who gave birth in our region.MethodsA prospective survey was conducted at “Bega” Clinic Timisoara in 118 women being monitored during their antepartum period. Of these, 80 women attended to the second assessment between 6 to 8 weeks of their postpartum period. Postnatal depression was assessed by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale using a cut-off > 13. Personality was assessed by using the NEO-FFI Inventory that is five-factor model based.ResultsThe presence of antepartum depression was identified in 28 (23.7%) of pregnant women while postpartum depression was detected in 7 new mothers (8.8%). Among the NEO-FFI Inventory factors only Neuroticism had significant higher mean scores in both antepartum and postpartum depressive women (P = 0.003 and P = 0.016 respectively). There were also significant correlations between Neuroticism and antepartum and postpartum levels of both trait and state anxiety.ConclusionsIn the psychological management and approach of delivering women Neuroticism should be taken into account as a possible mediating factor for both depression and anxiety during their perinatal period.
Intrafamilial Homicide: A Descriptive Study of Fratricide in Quebec
Authors: Bourget D. , Gagné P. , Labelle A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionFratricide comprises approximately 2% of all intra-familial homicides. Analyses of national data on fratricide show that adult males are considerably more likely to be offenders and victims or fratricide. A previous study suggested there were two main categories of fratricide: related to alcohol intoxication or associated with mental disorder.ObjectivesPresent and discuss the results of an original study comprising 28 cases of fratricide.AimsTo provide up-to-date scientific knowledge on fratricide.MethodThis is a retrospective study of 28 cases of fratricides, extracted from a sample of over 1000 consecutive cases of coroners’ files of victims of domestic homicide occurring between 1990–2015.ResultsTwo victims out of three were males, most of adult age. There were only 2 female offenders in the whole sample. A majority of victims were Caucasians while 21% were aboriginals. Most victims were stabbed to death. The murders usually occurred at the residence of the victim. In total, 39% of offenders suffered from a major mental illness; 21% were acutely intoxicated at the time. In victims, 29% were under the influence of alcohol and 18% of offenders were free from mental problems.ConclusionOur data indicates that fratricides are most often impulsive and lack preparation. The most common method was the opportunistic use of a knife, suggestive of impulsive killing, and this is consistent with the rest of the information including the high rate of alcohol use and intoxication at the time. The study confirmed two main categories of fratricide: impulsive killing in the context of alcohol and dispute and killing associated with psychosis.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
A Systematic Review and Synthesis of Outcome Domains for use Within Forensic Services for People with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Alexander R. , Chester V. , Langdon P. 
Published: June 2017

AimsIn response to the Winterbourne scandal, and the large number of people with intellectual disabilities (IDs) and offending behavior being treated in psychiatric hospitals, this study identified the domains that should be used to measure treatment outcomes of this group.MethodsA systematic search of relevant databases was undertaken to identify domains. Sixty studies met the eligibility criteria, and findings were synthesized using content analysis. The findings were refined within a consultation and consensus exercises with carers, service users, and experts.ResultsThe final framework encompassed three a priori super-ordinate domains (a) effectiveness, (b) patient safety, and (c) patient and carer experience. Within each of these, further sub-domains emerged from our systematic review and consultation exercises. These included severity of clinical symptoms, offending behaviors, reactive and restrictive interventions, quality of life and patient satisfaction.ConclusionsTo index recovery, services need to measure outcome using this framework.
Are Treatment Gains Maintained? Long-term Psychological Interventions for Bordeline Personality Disorder
Authors: Lieb K. , Storebø O.J. , Völlm B. , Mattivi J. , Nielsen S. , Kielsholm M. , Simonsen E. , Stoffers-Winterling J. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionMany new approaches have been developed to treat borderline personality disorder (BPD) by means of psychotherapy. Though there is a clear research trend towards short-interventions, the evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCT) on longer-term programmes still accumulates. On the one hand, well-established treatments like Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) or Mentalisation-Based Treatment (MBT) are now subject to real-world effectiveness studies; on the other hand, new dynamic approaches have been studied, lasting longer than 6 months.ObjectivesWe are currently updating the cochrane Collaboration review on psychological interventions for BPD. First findings on the effects of longer-term psychotherapies will be presented.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) according to cochrane collaboration standards. Any randomized comparisons of psychological interventions versus unspecific control interventions, waitlist or specific psychotherapeutic interventions in adult BPD patients were eligible. Primary outcomes were BPD core pathology as depicted by DSM criteria. Secondary outcomes included associated pathology, i.e., depression and anxiety, general psychopathology severity and functioning as well as tolerability and safety. Two researchers selected trials, assessed quality and extracted data independently.ResultsThe current evidence of longer-term psychological interventions in general, and the types of interventions for which RCT evidence is available will be evaluated and critically discussed.Disclosure of interestThe authors declare that they have no competing interest.
Kbg Syndrome and the Establishment of its Neuropsychological Phenotype
Authors: Egger J. , Van Dongen L. , Stumpel C. , Wingbermuehle E. , Kleefstra T. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveKBG syndrome is caused by a mutation in the ANKRD11 gene, characterized by short stature and specific dental, craniofacial and skeletal anomalies. Scarce literature on the phenotypical presentation mention delayed speech and motor development as well as mild to moderate intellectual disabilities. As to psychopathology, often, autism and ADHD are mentioned but not yet substantiated in terms of neurocognitive variables.AimAim of the current study was to investigate neurocognitive aspects of KBG syndrome.Participants and Methods Seventeen patients (aged 6–66 years; ten females) with a proven ANKRD11 mutation were compared with two different groups of patients with a genetic disorder and similar developmental ages (n = 14 and n = 10). Neuropsychological assessment was performed focusing on the level of intellectual functioning and on attention, memory, executive functioning, and social cognition.ResultsIn KBG patients, mild to moderate intellectual disabilities (WAIS IV Total IQ = 63.5 ± 10.7, range: 45–84) were established with a mental age that was lower than mean chronological age (6.4 ± 2.6 years versus 11 ± 5.7 years, respectively). When compared to both control groups, results indicated a relatively strong processing speed and social cognitive functioning of patients with KBG while direct recall of auditory memory was relatively poor most probably due to attentional dysfunction.ConclusionsThe cognitive profile of this group of 17 patients with KBG is characterized by mild intellectual disability and diminished sustained attention in verbal tasks. Implications for diagnostic procedures and clinical management of the syndrome are discussed, also with regard to the question how this relates to classificatory diagnosis of ADHD.
Potential Values and Risks of Biomarker use in Differential Diagnosis of Neurocognitive Disorders
Authors: De Uribe-viloria N. , De Lera Alfonso M. , Rodriguez Fernandez L. , Zapico Aldea G. , Laserna Del Gallego C. , Alonso Sanchez A. , Alvarez Astorga A. , Red Gallego H. De La , De Lorenzo Calzon M. , Gomez Garcia M. , Medina Ojeda G. , Ladron De Cegama F. De Uribe 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionNeurocognitive disorders are the only psychiatric disorders which underlying pathogeny can potentially be determined. This has important implications, for it makes possible the use of biomarkers in order to gain better diagnosis, and opens a door to more accurate treatments. Nonetheless, as biomarkers are not exclusive of a single disorder, the lengths of its utility are still unknown.Objectives and aimsTo understand the values and limitations of biomarkers in differential diagnosis of dementias.MethodsWe present three cases followed in the Neurology ward of our hospital, in which they were admitted for diagnosis and treatment of a subacute form of dementia. Medical history, core symptoms, screening tests for cognitive impairment, MRI, EEG and biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid were used for diagnosis.ResultsTwo cases had consistent clinical features and complementary explorations, and they were respectively diagnosed as Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease and Lewy Body Dementia; however, the last case showed contradictory results between clinic and complementary explorations, particularly 14-3-3 protein, which was positive and led to the initial diagnosis as Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, which was proven wrong once necropsy was practiced.ConclusionsAlthough complementary explorations, and biomarkers in particular, are of invaluable utility in the accurate diagnosis of multiple psychiatric diseases, they must always be considered within a context given by biography and clinical features, because, when failing to do so, they can lead to misdiagnosis and delay of correct treatment.
Influence of Personal Meaning Organization and 5-HTTLPR Genotype on Cortisol Stress Reactivity in Healthy Women
Authors: Marini A. , Turchi C. , Skrami E. , Gesuita R. , Giordani M. , Nardi B. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionReactivity to acute psychosocial stress in the framework of a physiological multidimensional pattern affects several individual-level systems that include genetic factors and features related to personality development. The 5-HTTLPR genotype has been implicated in the modulation of susceptibility to environmental stimuli.ObjectivesIn the present study, 91 healthy young women were investigated (i) for their reactivity to a standardized psychosocial laboratory stressor (TSST), as measured by changes in salivary cortisol; (ii) in terms of 5-httlpr genotype and (iii) in terms of their personality profile according to the post-rationalist personal meaning organizations (PMOs), which are considered as adaptive modes of response to environmental stressors.MethodsParticipants were divided into three 5-HTTLPR genotype groups (s/s; s/l, and l/s). The quantitative and qualitative variables that may affect circulating cortisol were compared among the three groups. A multiple linear quantile regression analysis was then performed to evaluate the effect of the personality profile, as Outward/Inward PMO, and 5-HTTLPR genotype on the median level of cortisol, considered as dependent variable.ResultsComparison of the variables that may affect circulating cortisol no significant differences. Salivary cortisol changed significantly in the course of the TSST. Reactivity to stress was affected by personality profile and the 5-HTTLPR genotype and also by body mass index and age.ConclusionsThe present data suggest that the psychosocial stress response is a multidimensional physiological event that is affected by a variety of factors as diverse as 5-HTTLPR genotype, personality profile, BMI, and age.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.