bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The concentration of optimum dissolved oxygen levels for growth of mangrove crab Scylla serrata seed in recirculation system
Authors: Faturrohman Kurnia , Nirmala Kukuh , Djokosetiyanto Daniel , Hastuti Yuni Puji 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine optimum dissolved oxygen (DO) through the addition of aeration and to evaluate the role of dissolved oxygen on production performance and stress responses of mangrove crab Scylla serrata. Experimental design used was complete randomized design with four treatments namely no aeration (A), one point aeration (B), two points aeration (C), and three points aeration (D). All treatments replicated three times. The crab with the average of body weight 45.6±2.1 g/individual cultured in a plastic box (40×30×30 cm3). The stocking densities was 10 crab/box. Crab was cultured within 42 days and were fed two times a day by restricted method (15% of the total biomass). The result showed that C treatment produced 5.51 mg/L dissolved oxygen and gave the best result of mangrove crabs production performance with 60% survival, 0.83±0.03 g/day absolute growth rate and food conversion ratio 1.1. It also showed good response to the stress that indicated by the cortisol level (10.159 µg/dL). The best results of coefficient of diversity showed by D treatment that was 13.5%. The water quality during study period was fluctuative as affected by different dissolved oxygen value. Keyword: mangrove crabs, dissolved oxygen, production performance ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan kadar oksigen terlarut (OT) atau dissolved oxygen (DO) yang optimum melalui penentuan titik aerasi serta mengevalusi peranan oksigen terlarut terhadap kinerja produksi dan respons stres kepiting bakau Scylla serrata. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan empat pelakuan (penambahan titik aerasi dengan rincian A, tidak menggunakan titik aerasi; B, satu titik aerasi; C, dua titik aerasi dan D, tiga titik aerasi) dan tiga ulangan. Kepiting bakau yang digunakan memiliki berat rata-rata 45,6±2,1 g/ekor dengan padat tebar 10 ekor/wadah. Wadah yang digunakan selama pemeliharaan adalah bak fiber plastik yang berukuran 40×30×30 cm3. Pemeliharaan kepiting bakau dilaksanakan selama 42 hari dan diberikan pakan dua kali sehari dengan metode restricted yakni sebesar 15% dari biomassa kepiting. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan C yaitu penambahan dua titik aerasi menghasilkan nilai kelarutan oksigen rata-rata sebesar 5,51 mg/L dan memberikan hasil terbaik terhadap kinerja produksi kepiting bakau (tingkat kelangsungan hidup 60%; laju pertumbuhan mutlak 0,83±0,03 g/hari; dan rasio konversi pakan 1,1). Perlakuan C juga menunjukkan respons stres yang baik dengan memiliki nilai kortisol paling rendah dari perlakuan lain yaitu 10,159 µg/dL. Untuk parameter koefisien keragaman berat, hasil terbaik terjadi pada perlakuan D sebesar 23,3%. Kualitas air selama penelitian memiliki nilai yang fluktuatif di setiap perlakuan sebagai efek adanya perbedaan nilai kelarutan oksigen yang dihasilkan. Kata kunci: kepiting bakau, kelarutan oksigen, kinerja produksi
The application of pigment-protein fraction from Nannochloropsis oculata on β-actin response of Cromileptes altivelis infected with viral nervous necrosis
Authors: Yanuhar Uun , Khumaidi Achmad 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT β-actin is a prominent protein in the immune system. An outcome from gene transcription, the protein protects against pathogen infection, such as receptor clustering, antigen internalization, and regulating vesicle for antigen processing. ß - actin expression will determine the success of immune response of the organism. This study aimed to understand the role of pigment-protein fraction (PPF) from Nannochloropsis oculata in the increase of β-actin expression in humpback grouper Cromileptes altivelis infected by viral nervous necrosis (VNN). The experiment was performed with one negative control (A: normal fish) and three PPF treatments (B: fish + PPF, C: fish + VNN, and D: fish + PPF + VNN). PPF was applied through the sonde method and analyzed with immunohistochemistry technique and Immunoratio software. The results showed that PPF was able to increase β-actin expression on all treatments: A (34.9%), B (38.1%), C (39.1%), and D (51.6%). It demonstrated PPF ability to induce the increase of β-actin expression indicating an improved defense of humpback grouper C. altivelis against VNN infection. Keywords: β-actin, pigment-protein fraction, Nannochloropsis oculata, VNN ABSTRAK β-aktin adalah protein yang berfungsi penting sebagai salah satu sistem pertahanan tubuh. Protein ini merupakan hasil transkripsi dari gen yang memiliki fungsi penting dalam sistem pertahanan tubuh terhadap infeksi patogen, seperti kelompok reseptor, internalisasi antigen, dan mengatur keluar masuknya vesikel untuk pemrosesan antigen. Ekpresi β-aktin menjadi penentu berhasil atau tidaknya respons imun pada tubuh organisme. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran fraksi protein pigment (FPP) dari Nannochloropsis oculata dalam meningkatkan respons β-aktin pada ikan kerapu tikus Cromileptes altivelis yang terinfeksi viral nervous necrosis (VNN). Pengamatan dilakukan pada empat percobaan yaitu, satu kontrol (A : ikan normal) dan tiga perlakuan FPP (B : ikan + FPP, C: ikan + VNN, dan D: ikan + VNN + FPP). Pemberian FPP menggunakan metode sonde dan analisis hasil penelitian menggunakan teknik imunohistokimia dan Immunoratio. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengiduksian FPP mampu meningkatkan ekpresi β-aktin yaitu A (34,9%), B (38,1%), C (39,1%), dan D (51,6%). Hal tersebut menunjukan FPP mampu menjadi inducer yang baik untuk peningkatan ekpresi β-aktin. Meningkatnya ekspresi β-aktin bisa dijadikan sebagai indikator pertahanan tubuh ikan kerapu tikus C. altivelis terhadap infeksi VNN. Kata kunci: β-aktin, fraksi protein pigmen, Nannochloropsis oculata, VNN
Incremental benefits from the increasing in the production of koi fish Cyprinus carpio var. koi culture
Authors: Diatin Iis , Nuristy Dini F , Teduh Ahmad , Mujahid Muhammad 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT Koi fish is one of the species included in the intensification program of ornamental fish production. Production of koi has only reached 82.04% of total national production target thus making it potential for development. The objective of the study was to assess additional financial benefit of production increment through stocking pattern modification. Present research was performed using case study method on Pokdakan PBC Fish Farm (PPFF), koi fish farmers in Sukabumi. Financial analysis consisted of business analysis, investment criteria, and sensitivity. Stocking pattern management could increase ornamental fish production and its benefit margin up to 1.5 times higher. That investment criteria has shown NPV at value of IDR3,824 million, net BCR 4.96, IRR 86.0%, and PP 1.7 years. Koi fish farming was sensitive to a decline in survival rate and insensitive to the rise of formulated feed price. Keywords: business analysis, koi, investment criteria, production pattern, sensitivity ABSTRAK Ikan koi merupakan salah satu ikan yang termasuk dalam program penguatan produksi ikan hias Indonesia. Capaian dari target produksi ikan koi yang ditetapkan pemerintah hanya mencapai 82,04 %, sehingga budidaya ikan koi potensial untuk dikembangkan dan ditingkatkan produksinya. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi kasus pada kelompok pembudidaya ikan hias koi PPFF di Sukabumi. Analisis finansial yang digunakan meliputi analisis usaha, kriteria investasi dan sensitivitas. Pengaturan pola tebar dapat meningkatkan jumlah produksi ikan hias dan marjin keuntungan hingga 1,5 kali. Analisis kriteria investasi menghasilkan nilai NPV sebesar Rp3.824 juta, net B/C 4,94, IRR 86,0% dan PP 1,7 tahun. Budidaya ikan koi sensitif terhadap penurunan kelangsungan hidup dan tidak sensitif terhadap peningkatan harga pakan buatan. Kata kunci: analisis usaha, koi, kriteria investasi, pola tebar, produksi
Investigating Students’ Perceptions of Motivating Factors of Online Class Discussions
Authors: Lee Joohi , Martin Leisa 
Published: August 2017

<p class="3">One of the goals of teacher education is to prepare our citizens to communicate in a variety of ways. In our present society, communication using digital media has become essential. Although online discussions are a common component of many online courses, engaging students in online discussions has been a challenge. This study queried 86 educators in a math/science teacher education graduate program to examine their perceptions on the factors that motivate them to participate in online discussions.</p><p class="3">The results revealed a pragmatic outlook on online education. In terms of intrinsic versus extrinsic motivation, the participants’ main motivation to participate in online class discussions was extrinsic (85.88%), specifically so that they could earn an acceptable participation grade. With regards to discussion grouping formats, they preferred small group discussions (81%) which could facilitate their ability to develop rapport with a small group of fellow classmates over whole class discussion (38.83%). With respect to discussion facilitation, they focused on the practical need to have the instructor to answer their questions about course assignments (67.06%) over online open discussion without a given topic (35.72%). Next, when asked about discussion question types based on Bloom’s taxonomy, their strongest preference reflected a desire for application (89.54%) questions which would facilitate their ability to use theories discussed in class in their daily work as educators. Through collaboration with twenty-first-century learners, online education can use data-driven decision making to help transform online discussion from being the least desirable component of online courses to a more relevant, instructional medium. </p>
Influence of Academics’ Designation and Experience on their Job Satisfaction in Universities in Rift Valley Region of Kenya
Authors: Kiplangat Henry Kiptiony , Kiptiony Gladys Jerobon 
Published: August 2017

Institutions of higher learning, universities in particular recognise staffing as a vital part of the management process to ensure the success of universities and the education sector as a whole. The education sector is responsible for developing a sustainable pool of highly trained, skilled and competent human resource capital, and universities are charged with the provision of relevant quality education and ought to foster national cohesion and integration. In fulfilling this mandate however, it is important to have job satisfaction guarantees through correct placements for academics which will ensure committed and stable workforce. It is the aim of this paper to find out the influence that designation and experience of academics’ has on their job satisfaction. The study targeted chartered public and private universities in the Rift Valley Region (RVR), Kenya. The study population consisted of university management, deans and lecturers from the selected universities. The study employed convergent parallel mixed methods design with random and systematic sampling techniques to select the respondents. Purposive sampling was also used to select information-rich cases. Data collection instruments were questionnaires, interview guides and document analysis guide. Analysis was done using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and t-test, One-way Analysis of Variance and regression coefficients. It was established that the dons with the most experience were highly satisfied in their job. Job designation was a significant determinant on perceived job satisfaction levels among the academic staff with the professors demonstrating the highest job satisfaction.
Demographic Factors Affecting Teachers’ Job Satisfaction and Performance in Private Primary Schools in Yei Town, South Sudan
Authors: Ohide Alyaha Daniel Felix , Mbogo Rosemary Wahu 
Published: August 2017

Job satisfaction is an important construct to the field of organizational behavior and the practice of human resource management. Schools are no exception to the list of organizations ensuring teachers’ job satisfaction therefore becomes inevitable if schools have to record good performances. This paper aims at examining some of the demographic factors affecting job satisfaction of teachers in private primary schools and their consequent performance. To attain this objective; the authors carried out a survey study in private schools in Yei town, South Sudan. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the respondents from ten private schools in the town. A total of 110 respondents were considered for the study constituting 10 head teachers and 100 teachers from each of the 10 schools. Questionnaires were used for data collection. Data was then analysed by the use of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 12.0 and presented in frequencies and percentages. The factors identified included gender, age bracket, educational level, pay and length of service of teachers. Based on the findings, it is apparent that certain demographic factors have a significant influence on the level of job satisfaction of teachers in private schools.
Anatomical Responses of Ajwa Dates Sprouts (Phoenix dactylifera L.) to Water Availability and light Intensity
Authors: Triastari Armanda Dian 
Published: August 2017

As the biggest Moslem population in the world, Indonesia still has a high dependency on importing date palms from other countries. Ajwa dates (<em>Phoenix dactylifera</em> L.) is one of special date palm cultivar which had cultivated since 5000 BC in arid climate area in Saudi Arabia. Adaptation and optimation of environmental factors for Ajwa dates cultivation in Indonesia are important to be conducted to meet the date palm demand of this country. A study on anatomical responses of Ajwa dates sprouts to water availability and light intensity has been conducted. Ajwa date sprouts had been exposed to combinations of three shade variations (0%, 50%, and 90% shade) and four water availability variations (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the field capacity). Data were taken from day 0 until day 45 of germination. Morphological parameters which observed and analyzed were the leaf blade length and sprouts root length. Anatomical parameters which observed and analyzed were root radius, stele diameter, leaves numbers, leaves thickness, and stomatal diameter. Variations on water availability and light intensity gave the same effect (not significantly different) in almost every parameters which measured, therefore, the most optimal combination water-light treatment was still unknown. Advanced research and longer duration of experiment need to be conducted to gain the complete information regarding the optimization of environmental factors to increase the Ajwa date productivity in Indonesia.
Numerical analysis on dynamic responses of single-storey buildings under seismic effects
Authors: Dong Feng Hui , Lou Can Hong , Liu Yuan , Sun Bao Jiang 
Published: August 2017

The paper applies the commercial software ABAQUS to establish numerical models of an original single-storey building and a reinforced building, and conducts experimental test to verify correctness of the computation models. Damages and dynamic characteristics of two kinds of models under seismic effects are studied systematically. X-direction acceleration amplitudes of the wall obviously exceeded those in Y direction. In the same horizontal direction, accelerations of the left wall obviously exceeded those of the right wall. Compared with the original model, the X-direction acceleration amplitude is decreased by 15.4 %, and the Y-direction acceleration amplitude is decreased by 49 % in the left wall of the reinforced model. As for right wall of the reinforced model, the X-direction acceleration amplitude is decreased by 30.4 %, and the Y-direction acceleration amplitude is decreased by 17.6 %. In the X direction, the power amplification factors of the reinforced model were less than those of the original model, and the value was decreased by 30 % for the power amplification factors corresponding to 1.3 g. In the Y direction, the power amplification factors of the reinforce model were less than those of the original model under different seismic effects, wherein the value of the reinforced model was decreased by 33 % for the power amplification factors corresponding to 1.3 g compared with the original model. Under the seismic effect of 0.1 g, damages took place to four wall bodies of the model at earliest, but its value was small. With increased seismic input excitation, damage degree of the wall bodies was also gradually increased. Under the seismic effect of 0.8 g, damages to four wall bodies were serious. Under seismic effect of 1.3 g, damage values of 4 wall bodies reached the maximum value 0.99, and the single-storey building will fail. Damages values of four wall bodies of the original model were relatively concentrated; while damage values of four wall bodies of the reinforced model were disperse. Under each seismic effect, the overall damage value was smaller than that of the reinforced model. This result fully indicates that reinforcement can reduce damages of wall bodies and generate anti-seismic effects.
Bending fault evaluation for the HP-IP rotor system of the nuclear steam turbine based on the dynamic model
Authors: Yang Zhang , Jiang Yanlong , Zhang Guoyuan 
Published: August 2017

With considering the unbalance mass-fluid film bearings-rotor elements, a dynamics model for the nuclear half-speed 1000 MW saturated steam turbine with No. Dongfang HN1089 is constructed. By solving of the Reynolds Equation and the dynamics model, the oil pressure distribution and dynamic coefficients of the fluid film bearings, and the unbalance response of the rotor, are obtained. The method for evaluating the bending fault based on the dynamics model is proposed, in which the bending parameter is transformed as the unbalance mass. A case on the bending fault evaluation for HN1089 is carried out. The results show that the response sensitivity of HN1089 on the unbalance mass is about 1/6 that of the thermal power units with the same capacity (1000 MW); and it is difficult to decrease the excited response from the bending fault even to add the maximum unbalance mass. In actual, the removing stress in the partial zone and turning method are applied to deal with the HP-IP rotor bending fault, and the response of the repaired rotor is 0.033 m by the actual field test. The results show the model and the method for evaluating the bending fault are accurate and reasonable, which will provide the important theoretical guide for fast and accurately dealing with such bending fault in the steam turbine rotor system.
Management of the saltwater intrusion phenomenon in the alluvial aquifer of Katapola, Amorgos, Greece
Authors: Siaka M. , Dokou Z. , Karatzas G. P. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the saltwater intrusion phenomenon in the alluvial aquifer of Katapola, on Amorgos Island, under current and future climatic conditions and to provide groundwater management options for alleviating this problem. To this end, a groundwater flow model was developed and the sharp-interface approximation combined with the Ghyben–Herzberg equation was used. A correction factor that accounts for the hydrodynamic dispersion occurring at the brackish zone was also incorporated in the analysis. The model results show that under the current pumping strategy, the saltwater intrusion front extent is vast, posing a serious threat to the quality of groundwater used for drinking and irrigation in the area. The management goal is to find the alternative pumping scenarios for the existing well network that will prevent further spreading of saltwater intrusion. Several water management scenarios were developed, taking into account the effects of climate change, the increase in water supply demand and the expected population growth. The results indicate that controlling the propagation of seawater intrusion in Katapola necessitates the periodic deactivation of most of the pumping wells and the design of alternative plans in order to meet the increasing water demand.
Estimating water and wastewater pipe failure consequences and the most detrimental failure modes
Authors: Laakso Tuija , Ahopelto Suvi , Lampola Tiia , Kokkonen Teemu , Vahala Riku 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Failures of water and wastewater networks can lead to severe consequences for the human, natural and built environments. This paper presents how data on networks and their immediate environment together with graph analysis can be used to estimate the severity of pipe failure consequences. A case study concerning a large water and wastewater utility revealed that ca. 14% of the water distribution pipes and ca. 25% of the sewers had potentially severe failure consequences with regard to at least one factor considered. The most detrimental failure modes connected to these pipes were identified. An assessment of the most important information needs revealed that a number of crucial source data sets were missing. The results can be used to support asset management decisions aiming at risk alleviation, e.g. when estimating the resources needed for network maintenance, condition inspections or renovations and when planning excavation works.
An analytical solution for steady seepage into a defective pipe
Authors: Tang Yao , Chan Dave H. , Zhu David Z. , Guo Shuai 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
An analytical solution was proposed for the groundwater flow through a defective pipe, which can be used to estimate the water flow rate into the pipe and predict the pore water pressure distribution in surrounding soils. This analytical solution was verified by comparing with experimental results, and the predicted pressure distribution around the defective pipe is proved to be consistent with numerical simulations using the finite element method. From the parametric analysis, the infiltration rate increases as the defect position changes from top to bottom on the pipe, and the effect of defect position is not significant if the water head above the defect is 10 times greater than pipe radius. An approximated solution for estimating the groundwater flow infiltration rate through a circular orifice on the pipe is proposed as well. From the verification and parametric studies, this proposed analytical solution is proved to be an efficient approach for the estimation of groundwater infiltration through a defective pipe.
Enrichment and application of nitrifying activated sludge in membrane bioreactors
Authors: Sheng Xiaolin , Liu Rui , Chen Lujun , Yin Zihua , Zhu Jianfeng 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
In this study, nitrifying bacteria were enriched in a membrane bioreactor (MBR, R1) and their bioaugmentation effectiveness was evaluated in another two MBRs (R2 and R3). Nitrifying activated sludge (NAS) with high nitrification activity of up to 3,000 mg-N/(L·d)−1 was successfully enriched in R1. The results showed that chemical oxygen demand concentration of 100–200 mg/L had no negative effect on NAS enrichment but reduced the ratio of bacterial nitrifiers. Moreover, the cell concentration of nitrifying bacteria in NAS, which was 3.1 × 1011 cells/L, was similar to that of the commercial bacterium agent. For the bioaugmentation test, the reactor inoculated with 14% NAS achieved a 23% higher NH4+-N removal efficiency than that of the uninoculated reactor. Along with the improvement of nitrification performance, the bacterial nitrifiers abundance and microbial richness remarkably increased after bioaugmentation. These results suggested that the MBR system could efficiently enrich nitrifying bacteria using organic carbon containing culture medium, and potentially act as a side-stream reactor to enhance the nitrification function of the wastewater treatment plant.