bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathologists' Perspectives on Disclosing Harmful Pathology Error
Authors: Dintzis Suzanne M. , Clennon Emily K. , Prouty Carolyn D. , Reich Lisa M. , Elmore Joann G. , Gallagher Thomas H. 
Published: March 2017

Context.—Medical errors are unfortunately common. The US Institute of Medicine proposed guidelines for mitigating and disclosing errors. Implementing these recommendations in pathology will require a better understanding of how errors occur in pathology, the relationship between pathologists and treating clinicians in reducing error, and pathologists' experiences with and attitudes toward disclosure of medical error.Objective.—To understand pathologists' attitudes toward disclosing pathology error to treating clinicians and patients.Design.—We conducted 5 structured focus groups in Washington State and Missouri with 45 pathologists in academic and community practice. Participants were questioned about pathology errors, how clinicians respond to pathology errors, and what roles pathologists should play in error disclosure to patients.Results.—These pathologists believe that neither treating physicians nor patients understand the subtleties and limitations of pathologic diagnoses, which complicates discussions about pathology errors. Pathologists' lack of confidence in communication skills and fear of being misrepresented or misunderstood are major barriers to their participation in disclosure discussions. Pathologists see potential for their future involvement in disclosing error to patients, but at present advocate reliance on treating clinicians to disclose pathology errors to patients. Most group members believed that going forward pathologists should offer to participate more actively in error disclosure to patients.Conclusions.—Pathologists lack confidence in error disclosure communication skills with both treating physicians and patients. Improved communication between pathologists and treating physicians could enhance transparency and promote disclosure of pathology errors. Consensus guidelines for best practices in pathology error disclosure may be useful.
Annual net community production in the subtropical Pacific Ocean from in situ oxygen measurements on profiling floats
Authors: Yang Bo , Emerson Steven R. , Bushinsky Seth M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAnnual net community production (ANCP) in the subtropical Pacific Ocean was determined by using annual oxygen measurements from Argo profiling floats with an upper water column oxygen mass balance model. ANCP was determined to be from 2.0 to 2.4 mol C m−2 yr−1 in the western subtropical North Pacific, 2.4 mol C m−2 yr−1 in the eastern subtropical North Pacific, and near zero in the subtropical South Pacific. Error analysis with the main sources of uncertainty being the accuracy of oxygen measurements and the parameterization of bubble fluxes in winter suggested an uncertainty of ~0.3 mol C m−2 yr−1 in subtropical Pacific. The results are in good agreement with previous observations in locations where ANCP has been determined before. These are the first results from the western subtropical North Pacific and subtropical South Pacific where ANCP have not been evaluated before. ANCP for the subtropical South Pacific is significantly lower than in all other open ocean locations where it has been determined by mass balance. Comparison of our observations with net biological carbon export estimated from remote sensing algorithms indicates that observations from the subtropical North Pacific are higher than the satellite estimates, but those in the subtropical South Pacific are lower than satellite‐determined carbon export.
Overtopping induced failure of noncohesive, homogeneous fluvial dikes
Authors: Rifai Ismail , Erpicum Sebastien , Archambeau Pierre , Violeau Damien , Pirotton Michel , El Kadi Abderrezzak Kamal , Dewals Benjamin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAccurate predictions of breach characteristics are necessary to reliably estimate the outflow hydrograph and the resulting inundation close to fluvial dikes. Laboratory experiments on the breaching of fluvial sand dikes were performed, considering a flow parallel to the dike axis. The breach was triggered by overtopping the dike crest. A detailed monitoring of the transient evolution of the breach geometry was conducted, providing key insights into the gradual and complex processes involved in fluvial dike failure. The breach develops in two phases: (1) the breach becomes gradually wider and deeper eroding on the downstream side along the main channel and (2) breach widening controlled by side slope failures, continuing in the downstream direction only. Increasing the inflow discharge in the main channel, the breach formation time decreases significantly and the erosion occurs preferentially on the downstream side. The downstream boundary condition has a strong influence on the breach geometry and the resulting outflow hydrograph.
Pore pressure migration during hydraulic stimulation due to permeability enhancement by low‐pressure subcritical fracture slip
Authors: Mukuhira Yusuke , Moriya Hirokazu , Ito Takatoshi , Asanuma Hiroshi , Häring Markus 
Published: March 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the details of pressure migration during hydraulic stimulation is important for the design of an energy extraction system and reservoir management, as well as for the mitigation of hazardous‐induced seismicity. Based on microseismic and regional stress information, we estimated the pore pressure increase required to generate shear slip on an existing fracture during stimulation. Spatiotemporal analysis of pore pressure migration revealed that lower pore pressure migrates farther and faster and that higher pore pressure migrates more slowly. These phenomena can be explained by the relationship between fracture permeability and stress state criticality. Subcritical fractures experience shear slip following smaller increases of pore pressure and promote migration of pore pressure because of their enhanced permeability. The difference in migration rates between lower and higher pore pressures suggests that the optimum wellhead pressure is the one that can stimulate relatively permeable fractures, selectively. Its selection optimizes economic benefits and minimizes seismic risk.
The Confident Co‐witness: The Effects of Misinformation on Memory After Collaborative Discussion
Authors: Goodwin Kerri A. , Hannah Passion J. , Nicholl Meg C. , Ferri Jenna M. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryWe explored the influence of co‐witness confidence and misinformation on the accuracy of collaborative and individual memory reports. Participants viewed a robbery video and discussed the event with a co‐witness who was scripted to provide accurate or misleading details and to exhibit either high or low memory confidence. In a demonstration of memory conformity in co‐witness discussions, highly confident co‐witnesses who provided misleading or correct details led participants to report more misleading or correct information in both collaborative and individual reports. Furthermore, participants exhibited a confidence conformity effect, in which participants' confidence in their own memories mimicked the confidence of their co‐witnesses.Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brush‐type surface modification of kapton with a new approach
Authors: Vural Sema , Seckin Turgay 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this study, polystyrene‐ and poly(methyl methacrylate)‐grafted polyimide films were prepared successfully using click chemistry and the ATRP technique. Firstly, kapton films were prepared from stepwise thermal imidization of polyamic acid. Surface modification of kapton films was then achieved by chloromethylation followed by the azide decoration process. For surface grafting of kapton films, polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) as alkyne functional polymers were prepared with alkyne and bromine double functionality using propargyl‐2‐bromopropionate as an initiator. A coupling reaction with azide‐decorated PI surface and alkyne functional polymers was achieved via the Huisgen‐1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction. FTIR spectroscopy, contact angle measurement, thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX) and GPC techniques were used to characterize the grafted polyimides. According to the TG analysis, kapton film was modified at the rate of 8% and 10% with PS and PMMA, respectively.
Preparation and investigation of structural, magnetic, and microwave absorption properties of aluminum‐doped strontium ferrite/MWCNT/polyaniline nanocomposite at KU‐band frequency
Authors: Peymanfar Reza , Javidan Abdollah , Javanshir Shahrzad 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTAluminum‐doped strontium hexaferrite nanoparticle SrAl1.3Fe10.7O19 was prepared by sol–gel method and polyaniline (PANi) multiphase magnetic nanocomposite SrAl1.3Fe10.7O19/MWCNT/PANi was synthesized through a sonochemical method by in situ polymerization. The morphology, structure, and magnetic properties of the nanocomposites are investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer. The electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency was evaluated in the KU‐band (12.4–18 GHz). The reflection loss (RL) value showed that the composites have an excellent absorbing property in the KU‐band, minimum −24.93 dB at 16.40 GHz with a bandwidth of 2.81 GHz (shielding effectiveness up to 10 dB) at a matching thickness 6.5 mm. The RL value of the SrAl1.3Fe10.7O19/MWCNT nanocomposite was −15.92 dB at 15.84 GHz with a bandwidth of 1.66 GHz (with a shielding effectiveness up to 10 dB). These results disclose the remarkable microwave shielding ability of SrAl1.3Fe10.7O19/MWCNT/PANi in KU‐band due to the interactive effect of the three components. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45135.
Prenatal and Postnatal Assessment in Rabbits with Evacetrapib: A Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Inhibitor
Authors: Breslin William J. , Hilbish Kim G. , Cannady Ellen A. , Edwards Tammy L. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundEvacetrapib, a potent and selective inhibitor of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), was under development for the treatment of cardiovascular (CV) disease. The purpose of this pre‐postnatal study in rabbits was to evaluate the effects of evacetrapib on pregnancy, parturition, and lactation of the maternal animals and on the growth, viability, development, and reproductive performance of the first filial (F1) offspring. The rabbit is considered a relevant species for toxicity testing with evacetrapib as it demonstrates significant CETP expression, whereas mice and rats do not express significant levels of CETP.MethodsEvacetrapib was administered daily by oral gavage from gestation day (GD) 7 through lactation day (LD) 41 at dose levels of 0, 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg/day.ResultsThere were no adverse effects on maternal survival, clinical signs, gestation length, parturition, and litter size. There were no effects on F1 clinical observations, body weight, sexual maturation, conditioned eye blink, functional observational battery, or pathology findings. Treatment‐related decreases in F1 postnatal survival and equivocal reductions in F1 mating, fertility, and copulation/conception indices without changes in sperm parameters or pathology of reproductive organs were noted in F1 animals.ConclusionsThe maternal no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) after evacetrapib administration in female rabbits was 100 mg/kg/day. Based on the decreased F1 postnatal survival and equivocal changes in F1 fertility, the NOAEL for F1 neonatal developmental was 30 mg/kg/day. Birth Defects Research 109:486–496, 2017.© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On‐demand tuned hazard free elastomeric composites: A green approach
Authors: Manoharan Partheban , Chandra Das Narayan , Naskar Kinsuk 
Published: March 2017

AbstractRising ecological concerns and depletion of the potentially harmful environmental impacts caused by rubber products, are of prime importance in the industry. Therefore, implementation of sustainable greener materials is required to minimize the detrimental influences. In this research, we investigated the beneficial influence of naturally derived bio‐resin toward the effects of association with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in highly dispersible silica (HDS) reinforced Natural rubber (NR)/Epoxidized Natural Rubber (ENR)‐based composites. This novel green composite offers impressive properties which were analyzed based on bound rubber content, transmission electron microscopy, physico‐mechanical, dynamic mechanical, and cure characteristics. Nanoindentation studies demonstrated the enhanced hysteresis phenomenon of the green composites. The small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) characterization has been studied by using a Beaucage model and results corroborates that the insertion of bio‐resin exhibits ameliorated state of silica dispersion in the green composites. Overall, the study with the bio‐resin has provided the impetus in employing it as an alternative to the expensive synthetic route of silane coupling agent and toxic process oil.
LC/QTOF profile and preliminary stability studies of an enriched flavonoid fraction of Cecropia pachystachya Trécul leaves with potential antidepressant‐like activity
Authors: Ortmann Caroline Flach , Abelaira Helena Mendes , Réus Gislaine Zilli , Ignácio Zuleide Maria , Chaves Vitor Clasen , dos Santos Talitha Caldas , de Carvalho Pâmela , Carlessi Anelise Scussel , Bruchchen Livia , Danielski Lucineia G. , Cardoso Simone Gonçalves , de Campos Angela Machado , Petronilho Fabricia , Rebelo Joyce , dos Santos Morais Meline Oliveira , Vuolo Francieli , Dal‐Pizzol Felipe , Streck Emilio Luiz , Quevedo João , Reginatto Flávio Henrique 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThere is increasing interest in natural antioxidants that are candidates for the prevention of brain damage occurring in major depressive disorders. Cecropia pachystachya is a tropical tree species of Central and South America and a rich source of polyphenols, particularly flavonoids. The aim of this study was to characterize the flavonoid profile of an enriched flavonoid fraction of C. pachystachya (EFF‐Cp) and evaluate the antidepressant‐like effects of its acute administration in behavior, cytokine levels, oxidative stress and energy metabolism parameters. The EFF‐Cp chemical characterization was performed by HPLC/DAD and LC/QTOF. The antidepressant‐like effects were performed by the forced swimming test, splash test and open field test. EFF‐Cp revealed 15 flavonoids, including seven new glycosyl flavonoids for C. pachystachya. Quantitatively, EFF‐Cp showed isoorientin (43.46 mg/g), orientin (23.42 mg/g) and isovitexin (17.45 mg/g) as major C‐glycosyl flavonoids. In addition, EFF‐Cp at doses 50 and 100 mg/kg reduced the immobility time in the forced swimming test, without changing the locomotor activity and grooming time. In addition, EFF‐Cp was able to prevent the oxidative damage in some brain areas. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that EFF‐Cp exerts antidepressant‐like effects with its antioxidant properties.
RP‐HPLC enantioseparation of β‐adrenolytics using micellar mobile phase without organic solvents
Authors: Alwera Shiv , Bhushan Ravi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractEnantioseparation of a few commonly administered racemic β‐adrenolytics (namely, carvedilol, betaxolol, salbutamol and bisoprolol) has been achieved using a water micellar mobile phase containing surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulphate and Brij‐35) without organic solvents as a new approach in RP‐HPLC. Two chiral derivatizing reagents based on enantiomerically pure (S)‐(−)‐levofloxacin were synthesized using N‐hydroxysuccinimide and N‐hydroxybenzotriazole as the activation auxiliaries. Diastereomeric derivatives of the chosen β‐adrenolytics were synthesized under microwave irradiation in a very short reaction time. The (S)‐(−)‐levofloxacin moiety enhanced molar absorbance of the diastereomeric derivatives resulting in very low limit of detection (1.618 and 4.902 ng/mL, respectively, for diastereomeric derivatives of (RS)‐betaxolol and better resolution with lower retention times (for all the analytes), in comparison to literature reports. There was 15–20 times less consumption of mobile phase because of lower retention time.
Variation in practice and concordance with guideline criteria for length of stay after elective percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Din Jehangir N. , Snow Thomas M. , Rao Sunil V. , Klinke W. Peter , Nadra Imad J. , Della Siega Anthony , Robinson Simon D. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundConsiderable variability remains as regards the appropriate and safe length of stay after elective PCI. We performed a survey of interventional cardiologists to identify current views on appropriate and safe length of stay after PCI.MethodsWe created an online survey using the commercially available SurveyMonkey application. This was sent to interventional cardiologists in the US, Canada and the UK with the assistance of the national interventional cardiology societies (SCAI, CAIC/CCS, BCIS/BCS) as well as being made available on the theheart.org website.Results505 interventional cardiologists responded, of which 237 were practicing in the US. Of those from the US, 52% were not aware of any guidelines for length of stay and 48% reported that their unit did not have a standard practice for length of stay. Same‐day discharge after PCI was practiced as routine by 14% of cardiologists in the US versus 32% of cardiologists from Canada (P = 0.003) and 57% (P < 0.0001) from the UK. Amongst respondents, there was significant variation between respondents and divergence from published SCAI guidelines regarding appropriate length of stay for patient specific and procedural related clinical factors.ConclusionsThere is considerable variation in practice patterns regarding length of stay after PCI. Whilst most cardiologists practice overnight observation, a significant minority utilize same‐day discharge. There is also lack of familiarity with published guidelines. This variation and knowledge gap confirms an urgent need for updated guidelines and a concerted effort to educate cardiologists on appropriate post‐PCI length of stay. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Selective Reduction of Nitroarenes with Silanes Catalyzed by Nickel N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes
Authors: Lopes Rita , Pereira Mariette M. , Royo Beatriz 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAn efficient catalytic system for the reduction of nitroarenes to amines was developed using a well‐defined nickel–NHC (N‐heterocyclic carbene) complex as catalyst and phenylsilane as reducing agent. The excellent activity of the catalyst provides access to anilines containing a wide array of reactive functionalities at 20 °C, and without using any base or additive. Notably, the catalytic system allows the reduction of 5,10,15,20‐tetra‐(nitrophenyl)porphyrin (TNPP) and CuII β‐nitroporphyrin to the corresponding aminoporphyrins.
Nickel Phosphide/Silica Catalysts for the Gas‐Phase Hydrogenation of Furfural to High–Added–Value Chemicals
Authors: Jiménez‐Gómez Carmen P. , Cecilia Juan A. , Moreno‐Tost Ramón , Maireles‐Torres Pedro 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA series of Ni2P‐based catalysts supported on a commercial silica with a metallic Ni loading of 5–20 wt. % and an initial P/Ni molar ratio of 0–3 was prepared by incipient wetness impregnation. Catalyst precursors were reduced and characterized by using XRD, CO chemisorption, NH3 temperature‐programmed desorption, N2 adsorption–desorption at −196 °C, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and then tested in the gas‐phase hydrogenation of furfural. Almost full furfural conversion and a 2‐methylfuran yield of 73 % can be achieved with the Ni2P‐based catalyst with a Ni content of 15 wt. % at 190 °C after 5 h of time on stream. The high selectivity towards 2‐methylfuran is attributed to both the high hydrogenating capacity of the metallic sites to lead to furfuryl alcohol and the presence of reduced P species that favor the hydrogenolysis process. However, catalysts undergo deactivation along the catalytic test because of the formation of carbonaceous deposits in the form of coke and adsorption of reactants and/or products.
Chlorine‐Tolerant Ruthenium Catalyst Derived Using the Unique Anion‐Exchange Properties of 12 CaO⋅7 Al2O3 for Ammonia Synthesis
Authors: Li Jiang , Kitano Masaaki , Ye Tian‐Nan , Sasase Masato , Yokoyama Toshiharu , Hosono Hideo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPoisoning is defined as deactivation by the strong adsorption of, usually, impurities on active sites, which is a serious problem in many important catalytic processes. For example, the activity of Ru catalysts is significantly degraded by Cl in ammonia synthesis because of its electron‐withdrawing properties. Here we demonstrate that 12 CaO⋅7 Al2O3 with subnanometer‐sized cages prevents the poisoning of a Ru catalyst by Cl− ions in ammonia synthesis. Conventional supported Ru catalysts exhibit a negligible activity if a tiny amount of Cl− ions remain on the catalyst surface. In contrast, the catalytic activity of Ru/C12A7 is not influenced by Cl− ions even though the amount of Cl in Ru/C12A7 is one order of magnitude higher than that in the conventional Ru catalysts. The Cl resistance of Ru/C12A7 is attributed to the unique anion‐exchange properties of C12A7; that is, the Cl− ions are trapped preferentially in the positively charged subnanometer‐sized cages of C12A7 instead of OH− ions under ammonia synthesis conditions.
Renewable Aromatics from Kraft Lignin with Molybdenum‐Based Catalysts
Authors: Cattelan Lisa , Yuen Alexander K. L. , Lui Matthew Y. , Masters Anthony F. , Selva Maurizio , Perosa Alvise , Maschmeyer Thomas 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe catalytic depolymerization of Kraft lignin in supercritical ethanol was explored in the presence of Mo2C‐ and MoS2‐based catalysts. At 280 °C, Mo2C and Mo2C/Al2O3 afforded aromatic yields of 425 and 419 mg g−1 lignin, respectively: amongst the highest yields reported to date. Ionic–liquid–assisted delamination of MoS2 resulted in highly active catalysts, capable of quantitative conversion of lignin at the expense of aromatic yield (approximately 186 mg g−1 lignin). Across all the catalysts studied, between 0.04 wt % and 0.38 wt % of molybdenum leached into the solution under supercritical conditions, according to inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analyses (corresponding to 27–570 μg of molybdenum in the reaction supernatant). A small contribution to the molybdenum in solution comes from the reactor itself (Hastelloy C contains 16 wt % Mo). Analysis of a depolymerization performed with fresh Kraft lignin and the soluble portion of the reaction mixture from a previous reactor run indicated that the leached species were neither active enough to afford the high conversions observed, nor selective enough to give high yields of aromatic products. In conjunction with the ICP data and differential chemoselectivities of the Mo2C‐ and MoS2‐based catalysts, these results suggest that the bulk of the catalysis is heterogeneous.