bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile Synthesis of Phthalazinone/Isoindolinone Substituted Fluorescence Active Indolo[1,2‐a]quinoxaline Derivatives via ANRORC and Fluorescence Turn Off Sensing of Fe2+
Authors: Dhurey Arun , Sarkar Saheli , Pramanik Animesh 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSynthesis of a series of indolo[1,2‐a]quinoxaline derivatives substituted with phthalazinones/isoindolinones/carbonyl benzoylesters at C‐4 position have been accomplished under open air rt/heating conditions following ANRORC (Addition of Nucleophile, Ring Opening and Ring Closure) mechanism. Initially condensation of 2‐(1‐indolyl)‐aniline and ninhydrin generates a spirocyclic intermediate 5′H‐spiro[indene‐2,6′‐indolo[1,2‐a]quinoxaline]‐1,3‐dione, which upon reaction with various nucleophiles like hydrazine/phenylhydrazine, amines and alcohols affords C‐4 substituted indolo[1,2‐a]quinoxalines in high yield (up to ~88 %) via ANRORC. The photophysical investigation shows that the quinoxaline derivatives possess significant fluorescence property with high quantum yield (QY~11.0–17.0). The N‐phenylphthalazinone substituted indolo[1,2‐a]quinoxaline, a molecule structurally similar to 2,2′‐bipyridine system, can efficiently and selectively detect Fe2+ through fluorescence turn off sensing.
Responses of vegetation to hydroclimatic variables on the Loess Plateau after large scale vegetation restoration
Authors: Feng Huijun , Jin Jiming 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUnderstanding plant‐water relations is essential for effective regional water management and promoting ecologically sustainable development on the Loess Plateau, especially in the context of the Grain for Green project initiated in 1999. This study evaluated the variations in vegetation variables (leaf area index, enhanced vegetation index, solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence and gross primary production) and hydroclimatic variables (precipitation, total water storage, aridity index and standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index) from 2003 to 2020, along with their interactions across the Loess Plateau. Our analysis revealed a general increase in vegetation variables, with the largest increase observed in the forest expansion areas. Precipitation and the aridity index exhibited significant upwards trends, while total water storage showed a significant decline, particularly in the forest expansion areas. Vegetation variables were more sensitive to changes in total water storage across the Loess Plateau. In the northwest region, where large‐scale croplands and grasslands expansion occurred, vegetation variables also showed sensitivity to precipitation. Lag effect analysis revealed short time lags (1–3 months) between vegetation and hydroclimatic variables, expect for total water storage (6 months). Overall, human activities and climate factors contributed 58.4% and 41.6% to the increase in leaf area index, and 52.2% and 47.8% to the increase in gross primary production, respectively. In relatively arid environments, precipitation contributed over 50% to the observed vegetation greening. This study underscores the increasingly significant role of human activities in driving vegetation greening on the Loess Plateau, particularly in large‐scale afforestation areas.
Partitioning of Evapotranspiration and Its Response to Eco‐Environmental Factors Over an Alpine Grassland on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau Based on the SiB2 Model
Authors: Xu Cong , Zhu Gaofeng , Zhang Yang , Che Tao 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPartitioning evapotranspiration (ET) is challenging but essential for understanding the exchange of energy, water, and carbon between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. In this study, we applied the simple biosphere model (SiB2) to partition ET at a typical alpine grassland site on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP). In addition, through process‐based model scenario experiments, we quantified the effects of four environmental factors on ET components and predicted their evolution under the two future carbon emission scenarios (ssp126 and ssp585). Our findings are summarized as follows: (1) The original version of SiB2, despite its simple structure, effectively simulates ET and its components. (2) The ratios of annual total transpiration (T), soil evaporation (Es), and canopy interception evaporation (Ei) to ET in the alpine grassland ecosystem were 51%, 43%, and 6%, respectively. (3) Each 100 mm increase in annual precipitation results in a significant increase in soil evaporation (2.77%). A 1°C increase in air temperature leads to a significant increase in vegetation transpiration (5.22%) and canopy interception evaporation (5.63%). Each 100 ppm increase in CO2 concentration causes a significant decrease in T (−5.43%) and ET (−2.97%). An increase in LAI (1 m2 m−2) has the largest effect on canopy interception evaporation (4.67%). (4) Under the high carbon emission scenario (ssp585), all ET components in this ecosystem show a significant growth trend, particularly vegetation transpiration and canopy interception evaporation. These findings will facilitate more precise predictions of the water cycle dynamics, reveal land‐atmosphere interaction mechanisms, and aid in the protection of the ecological environment of the QTP.
Changes in the Spatial Patterns of Near‐Surface Soil Moisture and Environmental Controlling Factors Before and After a Landslide
Authors: Tu Hsin‐Ting , Liang Wei‐Li 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTRain‐induced landslides are common natural disturbances in forested headwaters that can strongly alter the spatial distributions of hydrological and environmental features. Although many studies have reported the impacts of landslides on the spatial patterns of soil moisture or their environmental controls, studies that have used detailed in situ data sets collected at the same location before and after a landslide are lacking. This study investigated the spatial distribution pattern of the near‐surface soil moisture and environmental controls, including topographic, soil and vegetation features, in a headwater catchment using ground‐based measurements with high spatial resolution after a landslide in 2016. The data set was compared to measurements taken at the same location before the landslide to explore whether the landslide altered the amount, spatial distribution, or potential controlling factors of near‐surface soil moisture. The mean soil moisture decreased across the site after the landslide, even under conditions of greater rainfall input than before the landslide. Spatial variation in soil moisture decreased in the high‐disturbance area but increased in the low‐disturbance area, although autocorrelation distances of soil moisture changed little. The relationships between the spatial mean and standard deviation of soil moisture markedly changed from a convex‐upward shape to a convex‐downward shape in the highly disturbed area. This indicates that the spatial mean of soil moisture exhibited its greatest spatial variation under moderate conditions before the landslide, with the lowest spatial variation occurring after the landslide. Most of the same controlling factors (i.e., slope gradient, topographic wetness index, vegetation density, soil porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity) were explored after the landslide, but their influence levels greatly decreased or even disappeared. Thus, the landslide weakened the spatial connectedness between soil moisture and environmental features, which has not yet been restored 6 years after the landslide. We suggest that the connectedness between hydrological responses and environmental features is crucial for restoration. Their connectedness can serve as an indicator to identify the stage of ecological succession from the disturbances of a landslide.
Progress of non‐motor symptoms in early‐onset Parkinson's disease
Authors: Zhang Fanshi , Luo Aidi , Liao Shusheng , Liu Mei , Zhang Jun , Xu Zucai 
Published: October 2024

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a common degenerative disease of the central nervous system that is characterized by movement disorders and non‐motor symptoms (NMSs). The associated NMSs primarily include neuropsychiatric symptoms, autonomic dysfunction, sleep‐wake disorders, pain, fatigue, and hyposmia. These NMSs can occur at any stage of PD, especially before the onset of motor symptoms, and may affect a patient's quality of life more than motor symptoms. Although PD is most commonly diagnosed in people over 65 years, some patients exhibit symptom onset before the age of 50, which is clinically known as early‐onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD). The high heterogeneity and incidence of EOPD‐associated NMSs can lead to the misdiagnosis of EOPD as other neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss the research progress related to NMSs in patients with EOPD, focusing on neuropsychiatric disorders, autonomic dysfunction, sleep disorders, and sensory impairment, and outline the association of NMSs with different genotypic alterations, with the aim of providing assistance in the clinical management of patients.
The Impact of Brexit Disclosure on Trade Credit
Authors: Elmarzouky Mahmoud , Hussainey Khaled , Albitar Khaldoon , Alkaraan Fadi 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe Financial Reporting Council (FRC) issued guidance for companies regarding the disclosure of significant changes in principal risks. We explore the nexus between Brexit disclosure and trade credit decisions. Our findings suggest a positive relationship between Brexit disclosure and trade credit decisions; however, this relationship varies across industries. This variation indicates that UK companies are responsive to regulatory requirements and pressures, undertaking the necessary adjustments to minimize their exposure to Brexit‐related risks.
Salt Pulse Effects on Leaf Litter Decomposition in a Manipulated Stream: The Importance of the Conditioning Status
Authors: Canhoto C. , Almeida Júnior E. , Martínez A. , Oliveira R. , Simões S. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAnthropogenic salinization constitutes a still understudied growing global threat impacting the biodiversity and the functioning of stream ecosystems. In this study, we evaluated the consequences of salt pulses in a manipulated mountain stream (central Portugal) with a salinized and a reference reach, assessing microbial decomposition of conditioned and nonconditioned chestnut (Castanea sativa) leaves, immediately after a period of NaCl exposure (daily short‐term pulses for 7 days; salinization period) and 4 days after salt contamination cessation (recovery period). Conditioned leaves consistently presented higher mass loss, fungal biomass, and respiration rates than nonconditioned leaves. Leaf conditioning status modulated the deleterious effects of salinization, being more pervasive on the decomposition process of conditioned leaves. The depressing effect on mass loss and associated parameters promoted by daily pulses of salt on these leaves was extended after the cessation of salt contamination. This suggests salt legacy effects on already established microbial communities promoted by structural changes and/or mycelial physiological adjustments. In opposition, no effects of salinization were observed in nonconditioned leaves in either period. This may result from a potentially higher salt tolerance of the pioneer species that may also take advantage of the low basal salt concentration between salt pulses and/or of further incorporation of fungal species provided from upstream. Such continuous fungal imprint may result in redundant dissimilar (salinization period) or similar (recovery period) fungal decomposing communities able to determine balanced mass loss between sides in each period. Globally, results point to the importance of considering leaf litter quality and salt exposure timing in relation to leaf litter pulses when evaluating the consequences and delineating protection measures for streams facing discrete salt contamination.
Long head of biceps tendon augmentation in rotator cuff repair enhances tendon healing, shoulder function and patient‐reported outcomes one‐year post‐surgery
Authors: Pastor Pablo Cañete San , Ramos Inmaculada Prosper , Roig Alberto Garcia , Safont Joan Andreu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposeThe aim is to determine the effect on healing and functionality of patients after 1 year of biceps augmentation of a rotator cuff repair (RCR) compared to RCR plus long head of the biceps (LHB) tenotomy. In addition, to analyse the main factors involved in the recovery after the surgery.MethodsA prospective, comparative, non‐randomized study (Level of Evidence III) was conducted. Patients with repairable rotator cuff tears were allocated to either the control group, with a double row transosseous equivalent RCR with LHB tenotomy, or the RCR+augmentation with LHB group. Patients were evaluated for radiological (MRI), clinical (cuff size, Patte and Goutallier scales) and functional variables (Constant and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons [ASES] scales) before the intervention. At 1‐year follow‐up cuff healing was confirmed through MRI and functional evaluation with Constant, ASES, simple shoulder test [SST] and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scales.ResultsSeventy‐seven patients underwent control or RCR+augmentation with LHB, there were no preoperative differences between the groups. After 1 year of the surgery, re‐rupture occurred in 38.5% and 16% of the patients in control and RCR+augmentation with LHB groups, respectively (p = .026). Total functionality was higher (p < .05) in RCR+augmentation with LHB than in the control group: Constant, SST and ASES scales. Among the explored factors involved in healing, re‐rupture occurred in 100% of the cases with high fatty degeneration. Besides, higher initial functionality (Constant scale) and RCR+augmentation with LHB increased the odds of healing (odds ratio [OR] = 1.12 [1.04–1.21]; OR = 5 [1, 61], respectively), while higher cuff length had a detrimental effect (OR = 0.92 [0.85–0.99]).ConclusionRCR+augmentation with LHB achieves a higher healing percentage and a better functional evolution than RCR+LHB tenotomy, 1 year after cuff repair. Fatty degeneration, cuff length and initial functionality are the main factors involved in cuff healing.Level of EvidenceLevel III randomized controlled trial.
The LTAR Grazing Land Common Experiment at Platte River High Plains Aquifer
Authors: Khorchani M. , Schmer M. , Freidenreich A. , Awada T. , Birru G. , Christofferson S. , Drijber R. , Erickson G. , Jin V. , McDermott R. , Suyker A. , Watson A. , Woodbury B. , Xiong Y. , Hiller J. , Sun X. , Li L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Long‐Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) network of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) consists presently of 18 sites within the contiguous United States that are managed by the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) and its partners. The LTAR network focuses on developing national strategies for more efficient, resilient, and profitable agricultural production systems, improved environmental quality, and enhanced rural prosperity. The Platte River High Plains Aquifer (PRHPA) LTAR site is managed jointly by the University of Nebraska‐Lincoln (UNL) and USDA‐ARS and is one of the LTAR sites that conduct research on both integrated cropping and grazing systems. The PRHPA region encompasses multiple land resource areas and diverse agricultural production systems. The PRHPA sites, predominantly located in eastern Nebraska, are designated as an integrated system focused specifically on the region's dominant production practices of row crop (corn and soybean), managed pastures, and beef cattle production. Here, we focus on C3 cool‐season smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) pasture grazing systems under prevailing and alternative management practices for the region. The sites evaluate continuous and rotational grazing with and without pasture fertilization (prevailing practices). In an additional treatment, cattle are supplemented with dry distillers grains plus solubles, while manure supplies fertilization (alternative practice). Main measurements at the site evaluate plant and animal productivity, forage quality, greenhouse gas fluxes, and soil physical, chemical, and biological properties. This paper describes the regional characteristics of the PRHPA site, ongoing LTAR research related to pasture and livestock production, stakeholder engagement, and future research plans.
Characterizing the Transformation and Diagnosis of Atypical Lipomatous Tumor to Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma: Single Institutional Outcomes
Authors: Butler Zachary , Yu Austin , Honore Lesly , Timmermann Anne , Demetrious Matthew , Gitelis Steven , Miller Ira , Blank Alan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionAtypical lipomatous tumor (ALT) in the extremities is a locally aggressive adipocytic tumor with the potential risk of transformation into dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLS). Studies seldom differentiate whether DDLS was diagnosed on initial biopsy, final resected specimen, or subsequent recurrence. Our study seeks to characterize how and when patients received their ALT or DDLS diagnoses to better understand the relationship between the two neoplasms.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of patients diagnosed with ALT or DDLS of the extremities. Clinical characteristics, including the method of diagnosis of an ALT or DDLS, time between diagnoses, and tumor recurrence was recorded. Univariate/multivariate analysis was performed to identify risk factors.ResultsForty‐five patients were diagnosed with ALT after core needle biopsy (CNB) and 41 of them received marginal en bloc excision. Three (7.3%) of these patients had a heterogeneous tumor on final resection, pathology revealed both ALT and DDLS. Four patients (8.2%) were diagnosed with DDLS from CNB and received negative margin en bloc excision. One of these tumors was identified as heterogeneous ALT/DDLS after resection. Fifty‐three patients received marginal en bloc resection without CNB after a benign lipomatous mass was suspected on CT/MRI. Among these, one (1.9%) had a tumor with a heterogeneous composition of both ALT and DDLS on pathology. There were 11 (11.7%) ALT recurrences and 1 (1.0%) DDLS recurrence after ALT resection.ConclusionObtaining a proper diagnosis whether ALT or DDLS is critical. Our cohort found that amongst those concerning lipomatous lesions biopsied, 7.84% will show biopsy proven DDLS. Additionally, 6.67% of the biopsies will be false negatives and show DDLS on final pathology. Furthermore, our local recurrence for ALT was 11.7% recurring as ALT and 1.0% recurring as DDLS.
Functionalization of High‐Density Polyethylene Capillaries for Open Tubular Ion Chromatography
Authors: Yousef Enas , Shelor Charles Phillip , Horn Seth A. , Dasgupta Purnendu K. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIon chromatography is the anion analysis benchmark. A miniature form, Open Tubular Ion Chromatography (OTIC), has attractive attributes for efficient ion separations. Here, we fabricate and characterize high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) open tubular anion exchange columns (OTCs). We attach positively charged latex particles onto negatively charged capillary surfaces. For efficient OTIC, column diameters need to be < ∼20 µm; functionalizing the bore is challenging. Methods to introduce acid groups to an HDPE capillary bore, e.g., sulfonation using chlorosulfonic or sulfuric acid solutions, with or without grafting of an aromatic ring through photo‐ or chemical grafting first, are explored. Following quaternary ammonium latex attachment, the ion exchange capacity and separating abilities of each OTC were measured as an index of OTC performance. Gradual loss of capacity was observed for many of these; high‐resolution mass spectrometry confirmed the leaching of detached oxidized/sulfonated oligomeric fragments and consequent poisoning of the latex sites. Ways to ameliorate this and/or to rejuvenate the columns are also described.
Association Between Breast Arterial Calcification on Mammography and Impaired Ocular Perfusion
Authors: Akman Burcu , Kaya Ahmet Turan 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between the mammography‐detected breast arterial calcification (BAC) and orbital color Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS) results.MethodsOur single‐center study, included female patients who applied to our hospital between January and May 2022 and underwent mammography and orbital CDUS examinations. Two radiologists evaluated the mammograms, grouped the patients as BAC (+) and BAC (−), and performed orbital CDUS. Continuous variables obtained from CDUS were compared according to the presence of BAC. Also, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was used to determine the orbital CDUS threshold values for the presence of BAC.ResultsA total of 119 women were included with a median age of 62 years, 57 (47.90%) had BAC. Orbital CDUS examination was performed on both eyes of 119 patients (238 eyes in total). Peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end‐diastolic velocity (EDV) values of the ophthalmic artery (OA) (P < .001) and EDV of the central retinal artery (CRA) (P < .001) were significantly lower in patients with BAC. Pulsatile index (PI) and resistive index (RI) values of OA (P < .001) and CRA (P < .001) were higher in patients with BAC. In ROC analysis, the cut‐off values for the presence of BAC were calculated as OA PI ≥1.415 and OA RI ≥0.755 (P < .001); CRA PI ≥1.135 and CRA RI ≥0.655 (P < .001).ConclusionsOrbital perfusion disorders may be observed in patients with vascular calcification detected on routine mammography. Therefore, a more detailed evaluation of patients with BAC detected on mammography with orbital CDUS may enable early detection and treatment of ocular vascular problems.
Potential Risk Factors for Developing Cesarean Scar Pregnancy in Women With a History of Cesarean Section
Authors: Liu Shurong , Liu Xiaqin , Chen Qi , Zhao Min , Tang Yunhui 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesCesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) occurs in 0.2%–0.5% of women with a previous cesarean section globally. Multiple factors influence the development of CSP; however, to date, the critical factors contributing to the development of CSP have not been fully explored due to its relatively low incidence. Moreover, CSP can be clinically categorized into type 1 and type 2 CSP. In this retrospective study with a large sample size, we investigated potential risk factors that could contribute to CSP development.MethodsTwo hundred‐one women diagnosed with CSP, either type 1 or type 2 CSP, and 1700 pregnant women with a history of cesarean section but without CSP diagnosis in subsequent pregnancy were included. Gravidity, previous live birth(s), consecutive cesarean section(s), surgical abortion(s), the interval between the pregnancies, and maternal age were compared between the 2 groups.ResultsGravidity, the number of previous live births, the number of previous consecutive cesarean sections, and the number of surgical abortions were significantly associated with CSP development in women with a past cesarean section. This association was regardless of the subtypes of CSP. Notably, the interval between 2 pregnancies was also significantly associated with CSP development, but this association was only seen in type 2 CSP. However, maternal age was not an independent risk factor for CSP development. Additionally, a higher incidence of CSP was observed in China compared to that reported in the literature.ConclusionIn addition to a previous cesarean section, our study highlights at the number of surgical abortions also contributes to the development of CSP.