bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical activity and inflammation: effects on gray‐matter volume and cognitive decline in aging
Authors: Papenberg Goran , Ferencz Beata , Mangialasche Francesca , Mecocci Patrizia , Cecchetti Roberta , Kalpouzos Grégoria , Fratiglioni Laura , Bäckman Lars 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPhysical activity has been positively associated with gray‐matter integrity. In contrast, pro‐inflammatory cytokines seem to have negative effects on the aging brain and have been related to dementia. It was investigated whether an inactive lifestyle and high levels of inflammation resulted in smaller gray‐matter volumes and predicted cognitive decline across 6 years in a population‐based study of older adults (n = 414). Self‐reported physical activity (fitness‐enhancing, health‐enhancing, inadequate) was linked to gray‐matter volume, such that individuals with inadequate physical activity had the least gray matter. There were no overall associations between different pro‐and anti‐inflammatory markers (IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐12p40, IL‐12p70, G‐CSF, and TNF‐α) and gray‐matter integrity. However, persons with inadequate activity and high levels of the pro‐inflammatory marker IL‐12p40 had smaller volumes of lateral prefrontal cortex and hippocampus and declined more on the Mini‐Mental State Examination test over 6 years compared with physically inactive individuals with low levels of IL‐12p40 and to more physically active persons, irrespective of their levels of IL‐12p40. These patterns of data suggested that inflammation was particularly detrimental in inactive older adults and may exacerbate the negative effects of physical inactivity on brain and cognition in old age. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3462–3473, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Estimation of PKCδ autophosphorylation in U87 MG glioma cells: combination of experimental, conceptual and numerical approaches
Authors: Misuth Matus , Joniova Jaroslava , Belej Dominik , Hrivnak Stanislav , Horvath Denis , Huntosova Veronika 
Published: May 2016

Golgi apparatus (GA) is a center for lipid metabolism and the final target of ceramide pathway, which may result in apoptosis. In this work localization of highly hydrophobic hypericin is followed by time‐resolved imaging of NBDC6 (fluorescent ceramide) in U87 MG glioma cells. Decrease of NBDC6 fluorescence lifetimes in cells indicates that hypericin can also follow this pathway. It is known that both, ceramide and hypericin can significantly influence protein kinase C (PKC) activity. Western blotting analysis shows increase of PKCδ autophosphorylation at Ser645 (p(S645)PKCδ) in glioma cells incubated with 500 nM hypericin and confocal‐fluorescence microscopy distinguishes p(S645)PKCδ localization between GA related compartments and nucleus. Experimental and numerical methods are combined to study p(S645)PKCδ in U87 MG cell line. Image processing based on conceptual qualitative description is combined with numerical treatment via simple exponential saturation model which describes redistribution of p(S645)PKCδ between nucleus and GA related compartments after hypericin administration. These results suggest, that numerical methods can significantly improve quantification of biomacromolecules (p(S645)PKCδ) directly from the fluorescence images and such obtained outputs are complementary if not equal to typical used methods in biology.
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Medical imaging and consent: when is an X‐ray assault?
Authors: Lane Andrea N. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractNew Zealand patients have rights in relation to their healthcare including the right to consent to medical treatment. Medical imaging is the third largest category of hospital procedure in New Zealand and it constitutes a circumstance where examination without consent could be assault. New Zealand assault law is unique, and medical radiation technologists (MRTs) must be educated about their responsibilities. A literature review was conducted focusing on the medicolegal aspects of consent as it relates to medical imaging. This was compared to the practical realities of practicing radiography as experienced by the author. Finally, the guidance given by the professional bodies for MRTs in New Zealand was examined to determine whether it adequately informs MRTs of the responsibilities and provides them with a framework to guide their practice. Medical imaging is a diverse area presenting a range of challenging circumstances for consent. Currently, the consent framework and guidance provided by professional bodies is insufficient and in need of updating.
Metastasectomy, intralesional resection, or stabilization only in the treatment of bone metastases from renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Langerhuizen David W.G. , Janssen Stein J. , van der Vliet Quirine M.J. , Raskin Kevin A. , Ferrone Marco L. , Hornicek Francis J. , Schwab Joseph H. , Lozano‐Calderón Santiago A. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundThe mainstay of treatment for bone metastases from renal cell carcinoma is surgery. We assessed if there was a difference in local recurrence, reoperation, and survival between patients who underwent metastasectomy, intralesional curettage, or stabilization only for renal cell carcinoma metastasis to the appendicular skeleton, and if there was a difference in these outcomes based on margin status.MethodsThis retrospective study included 183 patients; 48% underwent metastasectomy (n = 88, margins: 64 negative; 20 positive; 4 unclear), 30% intralesional curettage (n = 54), and 22% stabilization only (n = 41).ResultsThe recurrence rate differed and was highest after stabilization only (39%), followed by intralesional curettage (22%), and metastasectomy (12%) (P = 0.003). However, we found no difference in reoperation rate (P = 0.847). Survival was better in patients who underwent metastasectomy (P = 0.020). The recurrence rate was lower in patients who had a negative margin (5%) as compared to those with a positive margin (26%) (P < 0.001). However, we found no difference in reoperation rate (P = 0.97). Negative margins showed better survival (P < 0.001).ConclusionsOur findings emphasize the importance of obtaining negative margins in patients with a good life expectancy, as lower recurrence rate can be attained at a not significant additional risk for reoperation, with a potential impact on survival. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:237–245. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polymer‐Chlorambucil Drug Conjugates: A Dynamic Platform of Anticancer Drug Delivery
Authors: Saha Biswajit , Haldar Ujjal , De Priyadarsi 
Published: May 2016

Recently, polymer drug conjugates (PDCs) have attracted considerable attention in the treatment of cancer. In this work, a simple strategy has been developed to make PDCs of an antitumor alkylating agent, chlorambucil, using a biocompatible disulphide linker. Chlorambucil‐based chain transfer agent was used to prepare various homopolymers and block copolymers in a controlled fashion via reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. Chlorambucil conjugated block copolymer, poly(polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether methacrylate)‐b‐poly(methyl methacrylate), formed nanoaggregates in aqueous solutions, which are characterized by dynamic light scattering and field emission‐scanning electron microscopy. Finally, the simplicity of the design is exemplified by performing a release study of chlorambucil under reducing condition by using D,L‐dithiothreitol.
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Polysiloxane‐Based Autonomic Self‐Healing Elastomers Obtained through Dynamic Boronic Ester Bonds Prepared by Thiol–Ene “Click” Chemistry
Authors: Zuo Yujing , Gou Zhiming , Zhang Changqiao , Feng Shengyu 
Published: May 2016

Cross‐linked silicone elastomers constructed with dynamic‐covalent boronic esters are first synthesized by photoinitiated radical thiol−ene “click” chemistry. The resultant samples can be cut with a sharp knife into two pieces and then healed via the reversibility of the boronic ester cross‐linkages to restore the original silicone sample within 30 min. Regulation of luminescent properties is achieved by incorporating organic dye into the elastomers through a “one‐pot” thiol–ene reaction. The proposed synthesis procedure demonstrates a new strategy to produce boronic acid silicone materials capable of self‐healing without external forces.
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Free temporal artery posterior auricular skin (TAPAS) flap: A new option in facial and intra‐oral reconstruction
Authors: Lassus Patrik , Lindford Andrew J. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundThere is a limited availability of suitable microvascular free flap options for the reconstruction of small to medium‐sized facial and intraoral defects. The purpose of this report is to present a new free temporal artery based posterior auricular skin (TAPAS) flap in facial and intraoral reconstruction.Patients and MethodsFour patients were deemed suitable for TAPAS flap reconstruction and consisted of two males and two females with a mean age of 43 years (range 22–66). Defect aetiology and location comprised of post‐traumatic lower eyelid scarring, late lower lip scarring post tumour resection, and floor of mouth and tongue defects following tumour resection. The dimensions of the resultant defects ranged from 25 × 50 mm (smallest) to 40 × 70 mm (largest). All patients underwent microvascular reconstruction using a free fasciocutaneous TAPAS flap raised from the retroauricular region based on the superficial temporal vessels.ResultsThe maximal pedicle length was 60 mm and the maximum flap size measured 40 mm by 70 mm. The latter patient required skin grafting of the postauricular donor site. Postoperatively, there was one case of mild transient venous congestion that spontaneously resolved after 2 days and one case of minor partial flap dehiscence that required re‐suturing. Follow‐up time ranged from 6 to 14 months. Overall, all flaps survived with good aesthetic and functional outcome.ConclusionThe TAPAS flap is a small flap with exceptional qualities and may be a useful addition to the armamentarium of free flaps in facial and oral reconstructions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 37:525–530, 2017.
Eicosapentaenoic acid and arachidonic acid differentially regulate adipogenesis, acquisition of a brite phenotype and mitochondrial function in primary human adipocytes
Authors: Fleckenstein‐Elsen Manuela , Dinnies Daniela , Jelenik Tomas , Roden Michael , Romacho Tania , Eckel Jürgen 
Published: May 2016

Scopen‐3 and n‐6 PUFAs have several opposing biological effects and influence white adipose tissue (WAT) function. The recent discovery of thermogenic UCP1‐expressing brite adipocytes within WAT raised the question whether n‐3 and n‐6 PUFAs exert differential effects on brite adipocyte formation and mitochondrial function.Methods and resultsPrimary human preadipocytes were treated with n‐3 PUFAs (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA; docosahexaenoic acid, DHA) or n‐6 PUFA (arachidonic acid, ARA) during differentiation, and adipogenesis, white and brite gene expression markers, mitochondrial content and function were analyzed at day 12 of differentiation. Adipogenesis was equally increased by n‐3 and n‐6 PUFAs. The n‐6 PUFA ARA increased lipid droplet size and expression of the white‐specific marker TCF21 while decreased mitochondrial protein expression and respiratory function. In contrast, EPA increased expression of the brown adipocyte‐related genes UCP1 and CPT1B, and improved mitochondrial function of adipocytes. The opposing effects of EPA and ARA on gene expression and mitochondrial function were also observed in cells treated from day 8 to 12 of adipocyte differentiation.ConclusionEPA promotes brite adipogenesis and improves parameters of mitochondrial function, such as increased expression of CPTB1, citrate synthase activity and higher maximal respiratory capacity, while ARA reduced mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity in vitro.
Charge transport and contact resistance in coplanar devices based on colloidal polyaniline dispersion
Authors: Masillamani Appan Merari , Peřinka Nikola , Hajná Milena , Stejskal Jaroslav , Tondelier Denis , Bonnassieux Yvan , Vanel Jean‐Charles , Geffroy Bernard , Mencaraglia Denis 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThe charge transport properties of thin films prepared from colloidal dispersion of polyaniline stabilized by poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone) (PANI/PVP) have been investigated. The electrical characterization of coplanar device comprising of gold electrodes and PANI/PVP film deposited by spin coating served to gain insights into the contact and bulk resistance. The films prepared from PANI/PVP colloidal dispersion show high stability over a large temperature range. Temperature dependent measurements in the range from 90 to 350 K reveal that the charge transport can be described by a three‐dimensional variable‐range hopping mechanism as the dominant mode in the films. The stability of the films cast from dispersion within a large temperature range opens the possibility of the application as a polymer semiconductor layer in sensors and charge‐transport interlayer in organic solar cells. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 1710–1716
Covalent and Ionic Insensitive High‐Explosives
Authors: Klapötke Thomas M. , Witkowski Tomasz G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractOngoing research into new insensitive energetic materials with low sensitivity toward accidental stimuli, high thermal stability and high performance characteristics is undertaken in many research groups worldwide. In order to obtain promising compounds, which fulfil the sensitivity, stability, and performance requirements, researchers use many different strategies. One of the most promising approaches is the synthesis of novel explosives with tailored physico‐chemical properties. In this review the synthesis and properties of some both covalent (NTO, TEX, FOX‐7, ADNP, DNPPs) and ionic (salts of ANDP and DNPP) insensitive explosives are presented, which are of high interest to this field of research.
Portosystemic Shunts for “Too Small‐for‐Size Syndrome” After Liver Transplantation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kinaci Erdem , Kayaalp Cuneyt 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundPortosystemic shunts (PSSs) modulate the portal hyperperfusion against small‐for‐size syndrome (SFSS) after split or living donor liver transplantation.AimTo find out the results and the limitations of PSSs against SFSS.Materials and methodsWe searched PubMed and Cochrane databanks for systematic review and analyzed the indications, types, morbidities, and survivals of the PSSs at split or living donor liver transplantations.ResultsTotal 66 patients were assessed in 16 studies. Main indications for PSS were graft recipient weight ratio (GRWRs) <0.8 % and/or portal vein pressure >20 mmHg. Five different types of PSSs were described but hemi‐portocaval shunts were the most common one. The incidence of SFSS was 12 %. Overall 90‐day, 1‐, and 3‐year graft survivals were 80, 70, and 47 %, respectively. GRWR <0.65 % was found as the only significant parameter on graft survival. The 90‐day, 1‐ and 3‐year graft survivals for GRWR <0.65 and ≥0.65 % patients were 62.5, 42.8, and 30.0 and 95, 94, and 67 %, respectively (p = 0.03, p = 0.01, and p = 0.18).ConclusionPSSs can modulate the small graft size (GRWR < 0.8 %) and/or portal hypertension (>20 mmHg) after split or living donor liver transplantations sufficiently. However, its protective effect is not unlimited. If the GRWR is below 0.65 %, survival decreases significantly despite PSSs.
A Systematic Review of Economic Analysis of Surgical Mission Trips Using the World Health Organization Criteria
Authors: Nolte Michael T. , Maroukis Brianna L. , Chung Kevin C. , Mahmoudi Elham 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the World Health Organization (WHO) has developed tools to standardize economic evaluations of global health interventions, little is known about the cost‐effectiveness of surgical mission trips and their economic values. Our objective was to systematically evaluate the current literature on surgical volunteering trips to measure their adherence to WHO CHOosing Interventions that are cost‐effective (WHO‐CHOICE). We hypothesized that the majority of studies use some type of cost‐effectiveness analysis that do not adhere to these standards.MethodsA systematic review of Pubmed, Medline, and Embase databases was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, with inclusion criteria set a priori. Of the 908 publications screened, 72 were selected for full text review; 17 met inclusion criteria.ResultsOnly 17 out of 72 studies reported some type of economic analysis. We categorized the studies into service, educational, and combination (service and educational) surgical trips. Although seven of the service studies calculated the cost per disability‐adjusted life year averted, the results were not based on WHO‐CHOICE standards to facilitate comparisons among alternative options. Furthermore, none of the three educational trips calculated the value of the education provided, but only published cost estimates of the resources used during the trip.ConclusionsAlthough a few studies performed some type of economic analysis, owing to their non‐adherence to WHO‐CHOICE standards, the results were not comparable to other studies. International surgical trips are expensive. To improve the efficacy and optimal use of limited resources, studies on surgical trips should follow the guidelines set by the WHO‐CHOICE.
One Pot Synthesis and Properties of Cationic Surfactants: n‐Alkyl‐3‐Methylpyridinium Bromide
Authors: Fayyaz Summaira , Ali Saqib , Khalid Nasir , Shah Afzal , Ullah Faizan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThree new amphiphilic compounds i.e., n‐decyl‐3‐methylpyridinium bromide (a), n‐dodecyl‐3‐methylpyridinium bromide (b), and n‐tetradecyl‐3‐methylpyridinium bromide (c), have been synthesized by condensation reaction and characterized by NMR (1H, 13C) and FTIR spectroscopic techniques. The micellization behavior of the compounds has been studied in ethanol employing conductometry and UV/visible spectroscopy. The critical micellization concentration (CMC) values for compound a, b and c was found to be 0.31, 0.29 and 0.27 m mol L−1, respectively. Effect of temperature on the CMC was checked in the range of 298‐318 K. The thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG, ΔH and ΔS of the micellization process of these surfactants were computed. The negative values of ΔG and positive values of ΔH indicated the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the micellization process. Antimicrobial activities of these amphiphiles showed significant activity against different bacterial strains.
Resection of ischiorectal fossa tumors – surgical technique
Authors: Filho Eduardo Fonseca Alves , de Carvalho Alexandre Lopes , de Oliveira Costa Paulo Frederico , de Carvalho Antonio Carlos 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPrimary tumors of the ischiorectal fossa are rare, they can be congenital, acquired or neoplastic. Accurate diagnosis often cannot be done preoperatively and imaging studies such as computed tomography and especially magnetic resonance imaging can define the size and anatomical relationships of the lesions. Surgical treatment is challenging because of difficult access of the region which is preferably performed by posterior approach. We describe the etiology, diagnosis and operative technique of tumors of the ischiorectal fossa.
Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae, ?Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance
Authors: Kaulfuss Uwe , Dlussky Gennady M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe fossil record of Australasian Formicidae is extremely sparse. It currently comprises two ants in the subfamilies Ponerinae and Dolichoderinae from Plio/Pleistocene strata in Victoria, Australia, 14 as-yet undescribed ants from Cape York amber, and one ant in the subfamily Amblyoponinae from the early Miocene Foulden Maar in southern New Zealand. Here, we report on a diverse myrmecofauna preserved as compression fossils from Foulden Maar and describe Amblyoponinae gen. et sp. indet.,Rhytidoponera waipiatan. sp.,Rhytidoponera gibsonin. sp.,Myrmecorhynchus novaeseelandiaen. sp., andAustroponera schneiderin. sp. Further isolated wings are designated as Formicidae sp. A, B, and C, the former resembling a member of subfamily Dolichoderinae. Fossils ofAustroponeraandMyrmecorhynchusare reported for the first time, whereasRhytidoponera waipiatan. sp. andR.gibsonin. sp. are the first Southern Hemisphere fossil records of this genus.The fossil taxa from Foulden Maar establish the subfamilies Ectatomminae, Formicinae, Ponerinae and, possibly, Dolichoderinae in the Australasian region in the early Miocene and provide evidence that the few native ants in the extant New Zealand fauna are the surviving remnant of taxonomically different, possibly more diverse, warm-temperate to subtropical myrmecofauna.
The first mastotermitid termite from Africa (Isoptera: Mastotermitidae): a new species ofMastotermesfrom the early Miocene of Ethiopia
Authors: Engel Michael S. , Currano Ellen D. , Jacobs Bonnie F. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe first mastotermitid termite from Africa is described and figured from wing fragments recovered from the early Miocene (22–21 Ma) deposits of the Mush Valley, Amhara Region, central Ethiopia.Mastotermes aethiopicusnew species is the second fossil termite recorded from Africa and expands the known paleo-distribution of the genus from tropical North America and Europe into northeastern Africa during the Miocene.Mastotermes aethiopicusis distinguished from the livingM.darwiniensisFroggatt and other Neogene species of the genus, and comments are provided regarding the occurrence of this genus in the tropical fauna of Miocene Ethiopia.
A new Eocene genus of ant-like stone beetles sheds new light on the evolution of Mastigini
Authors: Jałoszyński Paweł 
Published: May 2016

AbstractFossil Scydmaeninae beetles are exceptionally poorly known and those described usually lack important details to reliably analyze their phylogenetic relationships with extant taxa.Baltostigusn. gen. is the first extinct ant-like stone beetle taxon unambiguously assigned to the tribe Mastigini. It includesB.antennatusn. sp. (the type species ofBaltostigus) andB.horribilisn. sp., from the lower to middle Eocene amber of Poland and Lithuania, respectively. Results of a phylogenetic analysis comprising morphological characters of all extant and extinct genera of the supertribe Mastigitae strongly support the placement ofBaltostigusas a sister group to all remaining Mastigini. The new genus shows character states not known in any extant Mastigini: fully developed hind wings, prominent humeral calli, deep elytral punctures partly arranged in longitudinal rows and symmetrical aedeagal parameres. These features suggest that Mastigini might have evolved from forms morphologically similar to small-bodied extant Clidicini of the ‘Leptochromuslineage.’