bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidencia del Estilo Decisorio Predominante y el Grado de Incertidumbre Cultural en la Efectividad de las Decisiones Tomadas por Militares Voluntarios en Misiones de Paz.
Authors: Azzollini Susana Celeste , Depaula Pablo Domingo , Piñeyro Diego Raúl , Torres José Alejandro 
Published: October 2024

Militares argentinos que operan de manera voluntaria en misiones de paz deben tomar decisiones en contextos caracterizados por la diversidad cultural y la incertidumbre (Azzollini, Torres, Depaula, Clotet & Nistal, 2010), requiriéndose para el logro de acciones eficaces la aplicación de estrategias de procesamiento intuitivas y/o analíticas según las circunstancias. El objetivo del trabajo es analizar las relaciones entre el estilo decisorio predominante y su efectividad bajo diferentes niveles de incertidumbre cultural, evaluando 116 voluntarios en diferentes situaciones en las que se manipularon experimentalmente tales variables. Los resultados indican que los sujetos con un estilo predominantemente analítico tomaron decisiones más eficaces (f = 17.069; gl = 1; p = .000), aunque tal estrategia resultó más efectiva en situaciones de baja incertidumbre; en tanto que los sujetos con un estilo predominantemente intuitivo, aunque con un nivel de efectividad general menor, resultaron más eficaces en cuando la toma de decisiones correspondía a un contexto de alta incertidumbre (f = 5.450; gl = 1; p = .02). Palabras claves: Toma de Decisiones; Incertidumbre Cultural; Estilo Intuitivo; Estilo Analítico. Incidence Of Predominant Desicion Style And Degree Of Cultural Uncertainty On Effectiveness Of Desicions Taken By Voluntary Military Personnel In Peace Missions: Argentine militaries who voluntarily take part in Peace Keeping Operations, have to take decisions in environments which are influenced by multicultural contexts and uncertainty (Azzollini, Torres, Depaula, Clotet & Nistal, 2010). The effectiveness of their actions requires the use of intuitive and/or analytical processing strategies according to the circumstances. The aim of this work is to analyze the relationships between the predominant decisive style and its effectiveness under different levels of cultural uncertainty. A sample of 116 voluntary servicemen was evaluated in different situations in which such variables were experimentally manipulated. Results show that the subjects with a predominantly analytical style has taken decisions much more effective (f = 17.069; gl = 1; p = .000) being more effective their strategies in situations of low uncertainty. Meanwhile those subjects, with a predominantly intuitive style but with a minor level of general effectiveness, are more effective in the decision making contexts of high uncertainty (f = 5.450; gl = 1; p = .02). Key Words: Decision Making; Cultural Uncertainty; Intuitive Style; Analytical Style.
Concepciones sobre Heterosexualidad y Actitudes hacia la Disidencia Sexual en Estudiantes de Psicología de Córdoba
Authors: Rabbia Hugo Hernan , Imhoff Débora 
Published: October 2024

El estudio aborda las concepciones sobre heterosexualidad en estudiantes de Psicología de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba y sus posibles articulaciones con actitudes hacia la homosexualidad, a partir de un diseño de tipo exploratorio, y una triangulación de técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas. El muestreo no probabilístico de tipo accidental estuvo formado por 89 estudiantes (64 del tramo inicial de carrera y 25 del tramo final). Los participantes respondieron un auto-reporte escrito al disparador: "La heterosexualidad, ¿es natural? ¿Por qué?". Se identificaron siete tipos de concepciones sobre heterosexualidad, cuatro que recurren a diversos elementos del esencialismo sexual y tres que presentan argumentos construccionistas. Se advierte una asociación mayor entre actitudes negativas hacia la homosexualidad y aquellas concepciones que refieren a la heterosexualidad como natural, especialmente en el tramo inicial de formación. De allí que se reflexiona sobre la formación de los futuros psicólogos en temas de género y sexualidades. Palabras claves: Concepciones; Heterosexualidad; Actitudes Hacia La Homosexualidad; Prejuicio Sexual. Conceptions of heterosexuality and attitudes toward non-heterosexuals of Psychology students from Córdoba: The study analyzes the conceptions of heterosexuality of Psychology students at Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, and explores its associations with attitudes towards homosexuality. An exploratory research design was conducted, mixing qualitative and quantitative approaches, with a non probabilistic sample, 89 students (64 of the initial section of the career and 25 of the final section). Students answered a written self-report about the question: "Heterosexuality, is it natural? Why?". Seven types of conceptions of heterosexuality were identified, four of them based on essentialists views, and three presented socio-constructionist arguments. Data suggests an association between negative attitudes toward homosexuals and essentialists conceptions of heterosexuality, especially in lower grades students. This study generated questions and reflections about future therapist sexualities and gender-blind training. Key Words: Conceptions; Heterosexuality; Attitudes Toward Homosexuality; Sexual Prejudice.
Dimensiones Psicológicas de la Conservación de la Energía
Authors: Jakovcevic Adriana , Tonello Graciela 
Published: October 2024

Uno de los problemas ambientales más serios de la actualidad es el agotamiento de los recursos naturales no renovables. Gran parte de nuestras acciones cotidianas implican el consumo de energía y causan el agravamiento del problema. La psicología ambiental estudia cuáles son las motivaciones psicológicas que modulan los comportamientos ecológicamente sustentables. Desde este marco, el objetivo de esta revisión fue conocer cuáles son las variables psicológicas que mejor describen la conservación de la energía en el hogar. En función de ello, se analizaron modelos psicológicos que buscaron explicar diferentes variables relacionadas con la conservación (i.e., comportamientos de ahorro, consumo residencial de energía y aceptación de políticas tendientes a disminuir el consumo). Los resultados indicaron que la conservación de energía estaría principalmente vinculada a motivaciones altruistas, aunque también intervendrían motivos egoístas y en menor medida ambientales. Las personas actuarían de acuerdo a estas dimensiones siempre y cuando las condiciones contextuales sean percibidas como adecuadas. Palabras claves: Energía; Psicología Ambiental; Conducta Sustentable; Altruismo. Psychological dimensions of Energy Conservation: One of the most serious current environmental problems is the depletion of non renewable natural resources. The vast majority of our daily actions involve the consumption of energy and they increase the problem. Environmental psychology studies the psychological motivations that determine pro-ecological behaviour. In this context the aim of this review was to determine which psychological models and variables are better descriptors of residential energy conservation, comparing the predictive power of different models related to behaviour, residential consumption as well as to the acceptability of energy policies. Results suggest that energy saving is mainly linked to altruistic motivations, followed by egoistic reasons and in a minor way to environmental concerns. People would act according to these dimensions when contextual conditions are perceived as appropriate. Key Words: Energy; Environmental Psychology; Sustainable Behavior; Altruism.
Aspectos Disposicionales, Personalidad y Afectos, su Relación con Satisfacción Laboral
Authors: Perez Vilar Pablo Sebastain , Azzollini Susana 
Published: October 2024

Este trabajo presenta los resultados obtenidos de una revisión bibliográfica de 388 artículos científicos relacionados con la satisfacción laboral, publicados entre los años 2000 y 2010. En el mismo, se presentan las conclusiones de distintas investigaciones que señalan la importancia de los aspectos disposicionales, personales y afectivos en la Satisfacción Laboral. La mayoría de los autores reconoce la importancia de los aspectos personales en el constructo pero sostienen que no explican en su totalidad las diferencias individuales (Ilies & Judge, 2002). La bibliografía revisada señala cierta correspondencia entre aspectos disposicionales y el mencionado constructo, junto con la relación positiva entre distintos aspectos de la personalidad y los estados afectivos con la satisfacción laboral. Palabras claves: Satisfacción Laboral; Personalidad; Afectos; Organización. Dispositional Aspects, Personality and Affects, its relationship with Satisfaction at Work: This paper presents the results of the literature review of 388 papers related to job satisfaction, published between 2000 and 2010. In this it shows the conclusions of different research of the importance of the dispositional, personal and emotional aspects in job satisfaction. The majority of authors recognizes the importance of these aspects in the construct, but argues that they did not entirely explain individual differences (Ilies & Judge, 2002). The revised literature notes certain correspondence between dispositional aspects and the aforementioned construct, together with the positive relationship between different aspects of the personality and affective states with job satisfaction. Key Words: Job Satisfaction; Personality; Affects; Organization
Temperamento: Lo más importante no es la estabilidad sino el cambio
Authors: Caycho Rodríguez Tomas 
Published: October 2024

El libro El temperamento y su trama, muestra y describe, a través de numerosa evidencia científica, los rasgos del temperamento que subyacen al comportamiento, mostrándonos cómo éste está determinado por la biología y el medio ambiente.
Validez y confiabilidad de una prueba de Memoria de Trabajo para niños: Serie de Dibujos
Authors: Injoque-Ricle Irene , Calero Alejandra , Burin Débora I. 
Published: October 2024

La Memoria de Trabajo es un sistema de memoria activo responsable del almacenamiento temporal y procesamiento simultáneo de información. El objetivo del trabajo es presentar datos de las propiedades psicométricas de un instrumento global de Memoria de Trabajo: Serie de Dibujos. Se les administró a 210 niños de 6, 8 y 11 años de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina, Serie de Dibujos, la Batería Automatizada de Memoria de Trabajo y una versión abreviada del Test de Inteligencia para niños de Wechsler. Se estimó la consistencia interna del instrumento a través del coeficiente Alphade Cronbach y se evaluaron evidencias de validez convergente y discriminante a través de un análisis de correlación y de un análisis factorial exploratorio. Los resultados indicaron que Serie de Dibujos es un instrumento válido y confiable para medir de manera global la Memoria de Trabajo en niños de nuestro medio.Palabras Clave: Memoria de Trabajo; Serie de Dibujos; Validación; Niños Validity and Reliability of a Working Memory Task for Children: Picture Span: Working Memory is an active memory system responsible of simultaneous storage and concurrent processing of information. The aim of this work is to present the psychometric properties of a global Working Memory task: Picture Span. Picture Span along with the Automated Working Memory Assessment battery Block Design subtest of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children were administered to 210 children of 6-, 8- and 11-years old from Buenos Aires City, Argentina. Internal consistency using Cronbach's Alpha was estimated and evidence in favor of convergent and discriminate validity was assessed through a correlation analysis and a posterior exploratory factor analysis. Results showed that Picture Span is a valid and reliable instrument to globally assess Working Memory in children within our context. Key Words: Working Memory; Picture Span; Validation; Children
El Path Analysis: conceptos básicos y ejemplos de aplicación
Authors: Pérez Edgardo , Medrano Leonardo Adrián , Sanchez Rosas Javier 
Published: October 2024

En este artículo metodológico se examinan los fundamentos conceptuales y estadísticos del Path Analysis (PA), un método multivariante que permite verificar el ajuste de modelos causales así como identificar la contribución directa e indirecta que realizan un conjunto de variables independientes para explicar la variabilidad de las variables dependientes. También se describen las principales operaciones requeridas para aplicar PA utilizando el software AMOS, uno de los más populares en nuestra región. Adicionalmente, se revisan algunas investigaciones en el área de la psicología educacional que emplearon PA con el objetivo de contrastar modelos teóricos explicativos de la comprensión lectora y la habilidad de escritura, dos destrezas académicas claves. Finalmente, se discuten las principales ventajas y limitaciones del método. Palabras claves: Path Analysis; AMOS; Comprensión Lectora; Habilidad de Escritura. Path Analysis: basic concepts and examples: This methodological paper examines the conceptual and statistical basis of path analysis (PA), a multivariate method that allows the verification of causal models adjustment and the identification of direct and indirect contribution of independent variables that explain the variability of dependent variables. Furthermore, this article describes the main operations required for the development of PA using AMOS, one of the most popular software in our context. Moreover, this study examines some investigations in educational psychology that used PA with the objective to contrast explicative theoretical models about reading comprehension and writing abilities, two key academic skills. Finally, we discuss the most important advantages and limitations of PA.Key Words: Path Analysis; AMOS; Reading Comprehension; Writing Ability.
Male advantage in geometry learning? A preliminary study in rats.
Authors: Rodríguez Clara A. , Chamizo Victoria D. 
Published: October 2024

¿Superioridad de los machos en el aprendizaje de la geometría? Un estudio preliminar con ratas: Se entrenó a ratas de forma sucesiva en tres inusuales laberintos acuáticos a encontrar una plataforma oculta que mantenía una relación constante con una esquina distintiva del aparato (i.e., piscina triangular, rectangular y con forma de cometa en los Experimentos 1-3, respectivamente). Tras cada fase de entrenamiento se llevó a cabo un ensayo de prueba, sin plataforma. En la prueba, en el Experimento 1 se registró el tiempo que pasaban las ratas en dos áreas diferentes, una frente a la esquina correcta y otra en la esquina opuesta e incorrecta. Este experimento replicó resultados anteriores: se encontró una clara superioridad de los machos en el aprendizaje de la geometría (Rodríguez y cols, 2010, 2011). En los Experimentos 2 y 3 se utilizaron medidas adicionales y, en ambos experimentos, las distintas medidas de aprendizaje espacial dieron resultados significativamente diferentes. La superioridad de los machos encontrada en el Experimento 1 no parece generalizarse bien a otras geometrías.Palabras Claves: Aprendizaje de la Geometría; Diferencias de Sexo; Laberinto Acuático; Ratas. Rats were successively trained in three unusual watermazes to find a hidden platform that always maintained a constant relationship with a distinctive corner of the apparatus (i.e., a triangular-shaped pool in Experiment 1, a rectangular-shaped pool in Experiment 2, and a kite-shaped pool in Experiment 3). After each training phase a test trial was conducted, without the platform. On test, in Experiment 1 the amount of time the rat spent in two different areas, one in front of the correct corner and one in exactly an opposite and incorrect corner was recorded. The experiment replicated previous results: a clear male advantage on geometry learning (Rodríguez et al., 2010, 2011). Additional measures were also employed in Experiments 2 and 3 and, in both experiments, the different measures of spatial learning gave quite different results. The male advantage found in Experiment 1 did not seem to generalize well to other geometries.Key Words: Geometry Learning; Sex Differences; Watermaze; Rats.
Aprendizaje en la tarea de evitación de un solo sentido: diferencias entre machos y hembras genéticamente seleccionados
Authors: Donaire Rocío , Gómez María José , Fernández-Teruel Albert , Torres Bares Carmen 
Published: October 2024

Las ratas romanas de alta (RHA) y baja (RLA) evitación fueron seleccionadas, respectivamente, por su alta o baja capacidad para adquirir la respuesta de evitación en dos sentidos, estando estas diferencias moduladas por el sexo y por experiencias ambientales diversas. En este estudio se expuso a ratas romanas consanguíneas machos y hembras a una tarea de evitación en un solo sentido en la que se manipuló el tiempo de permanencia en el compartimento de seguridad. En la fase de pre-cambio los sujetos permanecieron 30 s vs 1 s en este compartimento; en la fase de post-cambio este tiempo fue devaluado en los grupos 30-1 (contraste sucesivo negativo). En ambas fases aparecieron diferencias de cepa sólo en las hembras, siendo la ejecución de las ratas RLA-I inferior a la de las RHA-I. Estos resultados sugieren que la conducta de evitación depende de la interacción entre genes, sexo y tiempo en seguridad. Palabras claves: Ratas romanas; Ansiedad; Evitación; Sexo. One-way avoidance learning: Differences between genetically selected males and females: The Roman high- (RHA) and low- (RLA) avoidance rats were selected, respectively, for good vs. poor acquisition of two-way active avoidance, these behavioral differences being modulated by sex and environmental influences. In this study, inbred male and female Roman rats were exposed to a one-way avoidance task in which the time spent in the safe compartment was manipulated in two phases. In the pre-shift phase, animals were exposed to 30 s vs. 1 s in safety. In the post-shift phase, the time in safety was devaluated for Groups 30-1 (successive negative contrast). The results showed that, in both phases, strain differences were observed only in female rats, the RLA-I strain being poorer than the RHA-I strain. The present data show an interaction among genes, sex, and time in safety that influences one-way avoidance behavior.Key Words:Roman rats; Anxiety; Avoidance; Sex Differences.
Compendio de Neuroconstructivismo: cómo el cerebro construye la cognición
Authors: Sirois Sylvain , Spratling Michael , Thomas Michael , Westermann Gert , Marechal D. , Jhonson Marc H. 
Published: October 2024

The article proposes a unifying framework for the study of cognitive development that brings together (1) constructivism (which views development as the progressive elaboration of increasingly complex structures), (2) cognitive neuroscience (which aims to understand the neural mechanisms underlying behavior), and (3) computational modeling (which proposes formal and explicit specifications of information processing). The guiding principle of our approach is context dependence, within and (in contrast to Marr [1982]) between levels of organization. We propose that three mechanisms guide the emergence of representations: competition, cooperation, and chronotopy; which themselves allow for two central processes: proactivity and progressive specialization. We suggest that the main outcome of development is partial representations, distributed across distinct functional circuits. This framework is derived by examining development at the level of single neurons, brain systems, and whole organisms. We use the terms encellment, embrainment, and embodiment to describe the higher-level contextual influences that act at each of these levels of organization. To illustrate these mechanisms in operation we provide case studies in early visual perception, infant habituation, phonological development, and object representations in infancy. Three further case studies are concerned with interactions between levels of explanation: social development, atypical development and within that, developmental dyslexia. We conclude that cognitive development arises from a dynamic, contextual change in embodied neural structures leading to partial representations across multiple brain regions and timescales, in response to proactively specified physical and social environment.
Escala de actividades de domino público de indicadores del modelo de RIASEC: Estudios preliminares de adaptación a la población universitaria argentina
Authors: Cupani Ricardo Marcos , Perez Edgardo 
Published: October 2024

The present study was aimed at: a) performing back translation of the items and analyzing their psychometric properties, b) verifying the internal structure of the test and examining the reliability of the scales, and c) obtaining evidence of external validity (convergent validity, sex-related differences between groups and a predictive validity). The results supported that both scales A and B possess an adequate structure and that it can be used with precision to assess the six basic types of personality proposed by Holland. Additionally, we verified the same psychometric properties of the eight best markers of activities in order to develop a unified way. Overall, the results are encouraging and can be considered an acceptable option to measure professional interests.
Cuestionario de adaptación a la vida universitaria (CAVU): desarrollo, estructura factorial y validación inicial
Authors: Rodriguez-Ayan Maria Noel , Sotelo María Eugenia 
Published: October 2024

Student adjustment to college is a stressful change that may influence students’ achievement. This paper presents a questionnaire developed to measure students’ adaptation to college (CAVU) and its psychometric properties among Uruguayan freshmen. The CAVU is grounded in the Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire (SACQ) and surveys students’ adaptation in three dimensions: academic, social and institutional. As hypothesized, the three components positively correlate with learning goals, while academic and institutional dimensions negatively correlate with emotional exhaustion, but those are weak associations, with |r| < .30; academic and social adaptation predict academic achievement. Opposite to our prediction, social dimension and emotional exhaustion do not correlate and institutional dimension has a negative effect on achievement.
Reflection and Executive Function: Foundations for Learning and Healthy Development
Authors: Almy Brandon K. , Zelazo Philip David 
Published: October 2024

Executive function (EF) refers to the neurocognitive processes involved in the deliberate, goal-directed modulation of thought, action, and emotion. Individual differences in EF measured in childhood predict key developmental outcomes, and interventions designed to foster the healthy development of EF have the potential to help children at risk for a wide range of difficulties. This article briefly describes a theoretical model of EF and its development, the Iterative Reprocessing model that spans levels of analysis and characterizes self-regulation as the product of a dynamic interaction between top-down (reflective) and bottom-up (reactive) influences.
Evaluación de la eficacia atencional en niños argentinos sin y con extraedad escolar
Authors: Ison Mirta Susana , Korzeniowski Celina , Segretin María Soledad , Lipina Sebastián Javier 
Published: October 2024

The aim of the present study was the analyses of attentional trajectories in Argentinean primary school children with and without over-age, and the identification of potential sociocultural modulators of such trajectories, based on the parental educational and occupational levels. The sample comprised 183 children from 8 to 13years-old (n = 121 boys; n = 62 without over-age), who attended 3rd- to 6 th -grade in public schools from the city of Mendoza (Argentina). The FACES Test (Thurstone & Yela, 2012) was administered three times during one year to assess the attentional performance. After the implementation of mixed models analyses results showed that children with and without over-age showed different attentional trajectories, and that father education was a predictor of children attentional trajectory.