bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Balsam Twig Aphid with Penncap M, 1992
Authors: Swier Stanley R. , Weaver John S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Penncap M was applied at 2 rates to determine the efficacy against BTA. The experiment was conducted in a Christmas tree plantation in Westmoreland, NH. The experimental design was a RCB with 4 replicates, 5 trees per replicate. Trees were 5-7 ft tall. Applications were made 21 May when new growth was 1-1.5 inches long, and aphids were readily visible. Applications were made with a Solo backpack sprayer. At a rate of 100 gal water/acre, new growth was adequately covered. Conditions at the time of application: air temperature, 86.4°F; soil temperature at 2 inches, 73.7°F; sky clear, no rain for several days. The experiment was rated 2 Jun. Damage was rated by counting the percent of curled twigs per 20 randomly selected twigs per tree and converting to percent. The number of infested twigs was determined by counting the number of twigs with aphids on 10 twigs/tree.
Fall Webworm Control with Carbaryl, 1993
Authors: Swier Stanley R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Several rates of Sevin were tested against FW on choke cherry. Trees were growing in an abandoned pasture and were from 10-15 ft tall. Treatments were applied with a 100 gal hydraulic sprayer using a hand held spray gun at 150 psi. Treatments were applied to the point of runoff on 13 Sep. Treatments consisted of 5 single tree replicates each. Treatments were applied to the entire tree foliage. Caterpillars were about 1 inch long at the time of application. The experiment was rated 1 and 3 DAT by counting the number of live caterpillars per nest. Two nests were counted per tree. Conditions at the time of treatment were: air temperature, 70°F; wind, 1 mph; sky, clear: no rain occurred during the trial duration.
Adulticidal Activity of Insecticide Formulations, 1990-1991
Authors: Reid Byron L. , Dryden Michael W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Residual action against cat flea adults was examined for 3 ready-to-use veterinary products: Duratrol Household Flea Spray (0.5% chlorpyrifos), 3M-89226 (0.5% chlorpyrifos and 0.2% esbiothrin), and Siphotrol Plus II House Treatment (0.007% methoprene, 0.225% chlorpyrifos, 0.5% pyrethrins, 0.1% piperonyl butoxide, 0.165% MGK 264). Insecticide dilutions were applied to white, 100% nylon carpet (medium pile) in a mechanized sprayer according to label directions, with an 800IE (flat-fan) nozzle at a constant 25 psi from a nozzle height of 45 cm. After treatment carpets were stored in the dark for residual aging at 25°C and ambient RH. At each aging period 25 adult fleas (&lt;5 d old) were exposed to treated carpet for 24 h; a 30-cm Plexiglas cylinder (12.7 cm ID) confined fleas to the carpet. Live fleas were aspirated off the carpet 1 DAT, and the carpet was searched to count dead fleas. Treatment data were corrected for control mortality and transformed (arcsine Vp) before analysis. Three replicates were conducted in a completely randomized design and ANOVA, followed by a LSD test (P = 0.05), evaluated comparative efficacy among products.
Efficacy of Sticky Trap Attractants, 1993
Authors: Scharf M. E. , Reid B. L. , Bennett G. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Lo-line® sticky traps were used to evaluate the efficacy of several German cockroach attractants in 1 × 1 m arenas. Environmental conditions were maintained at 26.6 ± 2°C and 80 ± 5% RH, with a 12:12 (L:D) photocycle. Into each arena, 500 cockroaches of mixed age groups were released 24 h before initiating an experiment. The arenas were set up with 10 × 10 cm harborage units (3 levels) in one corner, food and water in the opposite corner, and one sticky trap in each adjacent corner (15 cm from the corner and 2 cm from the adjacent wall of an arena). One of the 2 sticky traps in each arena contained the attractant, placed centrally. In total, 5 attractants and 2 controls were tested; Agrisense GP2 attractant (0.80 g); fecal contaminated filter paper (contaminated by 12 d exposure within a cockroach rearing unit) and a filter paper control; Avert PT-310 bait insecticide, cockroach culture frass (1st and 2nd instar), powdered molasses (2.0 g), and an unbaited control. After 24 h, each trap was dismantled and the total number of cockroaches was recorded. The sum difference in total catch and the nymph/adult ratios were calculated between baited and unbaited traps. Analyses were conducted upon sum differences and nymph adult ratios using the Student’s f-value (a = 0.10) to detect any significant differences in catch between baited and unbaited traps.
Horn Fly Control on Beef Cattle with Ear Tags in East Central Mississippi, 1992
Authors: Harris Joseph P. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Tests were conducted on five beef cattle farms in Clarke, Jasper, Lauderdale, Neshoba and Newton Counties in east central Mississippi. This was the fourth consecutive year tags were placed in select herds. One ear tag per ear (2/animal) was used on all adult cattle. Patriot (diazinon) tags were placed in a herd of 68 cows and two bulls on 5 May. Excalibur (lambacyhalothrin pyrethroid) tags were placed in a herd of 37 cows and one bull on 4 May. Dominator (pirmiphos methyl) tags were placed in a herd of 57 cows and two bulls on 6 May. Rotator (pirimphos methyl) tags were placed in a herd of 30 cows and one bull on 7 May. Cutter Blue (fenthion) tags were placed in a herd of 48 cows and one bull on 8 May. An untreated herd of 30 cows and one bull was located in Clarke County. All tags remained in herds for 140 d. Herds were mixed breeds of beef cattle. Horn fly counts were made visually once a wk using binoculars.
Evaluation of Three Ear Tag Formulations for Control of Flies on Beef Cattle, 1993
Authors: Miller R. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Three herds (36-122 head per herd) of Angus cattle (cow-calf or yearling heifers) located at the Wye Research and Education Center, Queenstown, MD, were tagged with one of three ear tag formulations. On 17 May one of the herds was tagged with Optimizer tags (2 per head) and on 2 Jun the other 2 herds were tagged with Python tags (2 per head) or experimental YT-615 tags (1 per head). A herd of mixed-breed beef cattle located approximately 4 km from the treated cattle served as an untreated control. Fly density was determined by making biweekly counts on 15 cattle in each of the herds. Counts were made ol face flies/face, horn flies/animal, and stable flies/4 legs. Two (Optimizer herd) or 3 (other 2 herds) pretreatment and 11 or 10 posttreatment counts were made.
Effect of Water at 50°C or 5% Ethanol at 50°C on the Development of Codling Moth Eggs in the Laboratory, 1993
Authors: Steven Tebbets J. , Vail Patrick V. , Margosan Dennis 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Codling moth eggs (12 ± 12-h-old), oviposited on waxed paper, were submerged in water at 50°C or in a 5% solution of ethanol at 50°C for 0, 1, 3, or 5 minutes. The treated eggs were incubated at 27 ± 1°C for 7 days and then evaluated to determine the degree of development obtained. The number of eggs hatched, the number not hatched but showing development (red-ring and black-head stages), and the number not hatched and also undeveloped (white or yellow stages) were recorded.
Chemical Evaluations for Japanese Beetle on Grapes, 1993
Authors: Williams R. N. , Elllis M. A. , Fickle D. S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Treatments were evaluated for efficacy against the Japanese beetle in an experimental ‘Concord’ grape vineyard at Wooster, Ohio. Plots consisted of 2 grape vines, with 4 replications per treatment in a randomized block design. Treatments were applied as foliar sprays at a rate of 100 gal/acre (935 liter/ha) on 6 Jul, and 20 Jul, using a hand-held CO2 sprayer operating at 45 psi (3.2 kg/cm2) and equipped with a 9505-E-TeeJet nozzle. No surfactant was added to any of the treatments. On 20 Jul after treated foliage was dry, 10 grape leaves were removed from the outside canopy of each plot for use in the bioassay. Leaves were brought into the lab on 0, 1, 3,6,8, 10, 13, and 16 days after initial treatment and placed in round 1 -gal. ice cream containers along with 10 Japanese beetle adults. The ] -gal. containers were modified by placing plastic liners inside and cheese cloth over the open top. After holding beetles on treated foliage for 24 h, a count of the number of dead beetles was taken. The insect holding room was maintained at 75°F (23°C) with ca. 75% RH.
Blueberry, Early Season Control of Cranberry Fruitworm and Cherry Fruitworm, 1993
Authors: Wise John C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides were applied to mature blueberry bushes near Douglas, MI at a rate of 50 gpa with a FMC 1029 airblast sprayer. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design of single 44 foot-long rows of vines replicated 4 times. Applications of materials were made as indicated in the table, with the following dates; 17 Jun (Bloom), 22 Jun (PF), 28 Jun (IC), 2 Jul (2C). Funginex was applied separately to all treatments. On 12 Jul, 50 blueberry clusters per replicate (200 clusters per treatment) were rated for the presence or absence of cranberry fruitworm and cherry fruitworm damage.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Eastern Grape Leafhopper, 1993
Authors: Muza Andrew J. , Saunders Michael C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in a 4-yr-old vineyard at the Lake Erie Regional Center for Grape Research and Extension in North East, PA. Treatments were applied to ‘Niagara’ grapes trained to the single curtain (no tie) system. Treatments consisted of four vine plots arranged in a completely random design and replicated 3 times. Each treatment row was separated by an untreated buffer row. Applications were made using an FMC, 50 gallon, three-point hitch sprayer equipped with an FMC, vineyard boom. Treatments were applied at 100 gal/acre with pressure adjusted to 100 psi. The treatments were applied on 19 Aug. Precipitation for Aug and Sep was 2.98 and 4.56 inches, respectively. A pre-treatment count of leafhopper nymphs was taken on 13 Aug. Post-treatment evaluations were conducted 7, 14 and 21 DAT. Evaluations consisted of randomly selecting 10 injured leaves per plot pre-treatment and 20 injured leaves per plot post-treatment and recording the number of leafhopper nymphs.
Flat Mite Control on Texas Citrus, 1993
Authors: Victor French J. , Rakha Mohamed 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experimental acaricides, BAS 300 111 and AC 303,630, were compared to labeled acaricides and insecticides and NR 440 spray oil for efficacy against FM. Treatments were randomly assigned to single tree plots and replicated 4 times in an 8-yr-old commercial grapefruit grove on 15 × 28 ft spacing. Each treatment was bounded on all sides by an unsprayed tree to minimize crosscontamination. Treatment sprays were applied on 30 Aug to foliar runoff (ca. 2 gal/tree) utilizing a Hypro 5200 portable high pressure handgun sprayer equipped with a D-5 nozzle and operating at 200 psi. At each sample date, 6 fruit per replicate were randomly picked from the interior tree canopy and removed to the laboratory. Fruit were examined under a binocular microscope at 20X and all live FM counted and recorded.
Evaluation of Acaricides Applied by Air-Blast Sprayer to Texas Citrus, 1993
Authors: Victor French J. , Hernandez Elias 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The acaricides, TD 2336 and BAS 300 1II, were compared to the standard Vendex for efficacy against CRM. Treatments were randomly assigned to plots of 6 trees each and replicated 4 times in an 8-yr-old grapefruit grove on 15 × 28 ft spacing. Treatments were applied on 1 Jul utilizing a commercial FMC 1229 FTM air blast sprayer with speed, nozzling and pressure (135 psi) adjusted to apply 250 gal/acre. At each evaluation date, 4 fruit per tree (24/replicate) were randomly selected at arms length inside the canopy and examined in situ with a 10X handlens. All live CRM were counted in two, 1-cm2 lens fields on the shaded side of each fruit. The two counts per fruit were combined and recorded as one observation.
Insecticide Evaluation, 1993
Authors: Hogmire Henry W. , Winfield Tim , Grove Chris , Collins Kate , Jilek Jill 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was conducted in a 5.4 acre block of 39-yr-old trees, which measured 16.5 ft. in height antl 23 ft. in width and were planted 20 × 40 ft. apart. The experimental design for the first 7 treatments and the check consisted of 6 single-tree plots (3 ‘Rome Beauty’, 3 ‘Golden Delicious’) in a randomized block design. The experimental design for treatments of S-71639 and Fenoxycarb consisted of 3 replications of 9-tree plots (3 rows × 3 trees/row) in a randomized block design, with insect data taken from the center tree (‘Rome Beauty’) in each plot. Insecticides were applied with a Swanson DA500A airblast sprayer which traveled at 2.4 mph. A spray volume of 300 gpa was used in the delayed dormant application of oil in the first treatment, with all other treatments applied at 100 gpa. Dates of application were 14 Apr (delayed dormant [DD]), 24 Apr (prepink [PP]), 14 May (petal fall [PFJ), 27 May (first cover [1C]), 14 Jun (second cover [2C]), 29 Jun (third cover [3C]), 15 Jul (fourth cover [4CD, 30 Jul (fifth cover [5C]), 12 Aug (sixth cover [6C]), 26 Aug (seventh cover [7C]), and 8 Sep (eighth cover [8C]). Other materials applied separately to all treatments were Bayleton, Captan, Dodine, Kocide, NAA, Nova, Streptomycin, Topsin-M, and Ziram. Control of SA was evaluated by counting aphids on the most infested leaf on each of 10 terminals from the periphery of each tree. Treatment effect against STLM was determined by counting mines observed on the periphery of trees during a 5 min period. Effect of treatments against RLH and WALH was determined by counting nymphs on 25 leaves selected from the tree periphery. ERM control was evaluated by sampling 25 leaves from the periphery of each tree, removing mites with a mitebrushing machine, and counting motile stages with a binocular microscope. Control of fruit-feeding insects was determined by scoring for injury 100 picked apples/replication plus up to 100 drop apples/replication on 22 Sep. Fruit picked (100/tree) from 3 replications of ‘Golden Delicious’ trees were rated for finish as 0 (no russet), 1 (enlarged and raised lenticels), 2 (1-10% russeted surface), 3 (11-25% russeted surface), 4 (26-50% russeted surface), or 5 (&gt;50% russeted surface).
Speed-Sprayer Trial for Citrus Thrips Control, 1993
Authors: Morse J. G. , Urena A. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides were evaluated spring, 1993 in Field 41-42 at the University of California’s Lindcove Field Station near Exeter, California for control of citrus thrips. Pesticides were applied with an FMC CP-267 speedsprayer pulled behind a tractor using outside coverage and 100 gal/acre of water at 2 miles/h. The field was divided into 2 blocks and one replicate of each treatment was assigned to each block randomly; each replicate plot was six rows wide and 5-8 trees long. In each plot, 6 data trees were chosen from the center two rows of each plot, excluding the trees at the end of a row. Citrus thrips fruit scarring evaluations were taken in August, 1993 on all fruit on the exterior of data trees from knee to eye level. Scarring was rated as: (a) none, (b) slight (any citrus thrips scarring), or (c) severe (complete ring scar or extensive surface scarring at a level that would cause downgrading of fruit in a commercial operation). Economic scarring levels in a normal year are approximately 5% severe scars.
Control of Melon Thrips in Bush Bean, 1992
Authors: Seal Dakshina R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Bush bean was planted in a Rockdale soil on 7 May and spaced 2.5 cm in the row and 0.9 m between rows. Plants were fertilized with 1908.6 kg/ha of granular fertilizer on two dates, at planting and four weeks after planting. Bean was irrigated, 1.3 cm per irrigation, once a week and mechanically weeded whenever necessary. The experimental design consisted of a randomized block replicated four times. Plots were four rows, 12.2 m long. Four treatments of two insecticides were compared with nontreated check. Treatments were EXP 60598A at the rates of 0.03, 0.04, and 0.06 kg Al/ha, and EXP 60145A at the rate of 0.04 kg Al/ha. Treatments were applied weekly for five weeks, beginning on 6 June 1992 with a tractor mounted hypro-pump and delivered 100 gal water/acre. T. palmi numbers were estimated by counting larvae, males and females on 20 leaves in each treatment plot.
Early and Late Treatments for Control of Potato Leafhoppers, 1993
Authors: Noetzel David M. , Sheets Becky 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Plots were established under irrigation at Staples, MN. Individual plots were 4 rows by 25 ft in length. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design and replicated 4 times. Total material applied each time was approximately 20 gpa. A hand held CO2 sprayer delivering a nozzle pressure of 40 psi was used for application. Timing of early application was at onset of bloom and 17 days later. Late treatments were applied when first pods were about 2 inches in length and at completion of bloom.
European Corn Borer Control in Minnesota Snap Beans, 1993
Authors: Bartels D. W. , Fossey C. R. , Hutchison W. D. , Rinkleff J. H. , Bolin P. C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This test was conducted on the University of Minnesota, Rosemount Experiment Station, in snapbeans planted 8 Jul. Plots consisted of three 30 ft (9.14 m) rows on 30 inch (0.76 m) centers. Two untreated border rows and 7 ft (2.13 m) alleys separated the plots. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied 13 Aug using a moderate-clearance Spirit sprayer with 7 TX-10 hollowcone nozzles delivering 27 gpa (252.5 liters/ha) at 50 psi (3.51 kg/ cm2) and 3 mph (4.8 km/hr). All treatments included the sticker/extender Bond at 0.10 fl oz/gal (0.79 ml/liter). During application, wind speed averaged 4-5 mph (6.4-8.1 km/hr) and the temperature was 72°F (22°C). Plots were artificially infested using a ‘bazooka’ applicator on 10, 16 and 20 Aug. Plants were at 20% bloom, 25% pin-bean (beans ≤ 1 inch) and 95% pod growth stages, respectively. On each infestation date, 15-20 consecutive plants in one row of each plot were infested with approximately 25 first-instar ECB larvae/plant. Infestations were designed to evaluate the activity of each material 3-d pretreatment, 3-d posttreatment and 7-d posttreatment. Feral ECB moth flights during this time were low (18/night/light-trap at peak). All treatments were evaluated 16 Sep by selecting five consecutive plants from the center of each infested row. Total pods, pods with feeding damage and total ECB larvae were recorded. Because of poor survival at the 10 Aug infestation, and high-survival in most treatments for the 20 Aug infestation, data only for the 16 Aug infestation are summarized.
Broccoli Insect Control, 1993
Authors: Iris A. B. , Grafius E. , Pett W. , Bomarito M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Broccoli was transplanted into a field at the Michigan State University Entomology Research Farm, 14 Jul in single rows 5 m long, 0.5 m apart within the rows, with untreated rows between each plot in a randomized complete block design (4 replications per treatment). Treatments were applied on 10, 16, 23, and 30 Aug (30 gallons per acre, 30 psi, back pack CO2 sprayer, one flat fan nozzle over the row). Plants (3/plot) were sampled for insects on 13, 19, 26 Aug and 3 Sep. Heads (3/plot) were harvested on 7 Sep and examined for insects.
Broccoli, Control of Lepidopterous Pests, 1993
Authors: Sewell Gary H. , Storch Richard H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was a randomized complete block with four replicates planted 26 May at Presque Isle, ME. The 3.0 m space between blocks and the 1.8 m space between the four-row plots were bare soil. Each 15.0 m replicate consisted of four double row beds with plant spacing of seven inches. Fertilization and cultivation practices were normal for the area. Foliar insecticide applications were made with a Century boom sprayer, three nozzles per row at 6.3 kg/cm2 pressure and 0.94 kl/ha. Numbers of insects were counted weekly on 20 whole plants in the middle beds of each plot. All materials were applied 26 Jul. Yield was taken 17 and 24 Aug by selecting heads at least 3 inches diameter from a 5 m section of the middle two beds of each replicate. Heads were trimmed to an 8 inch length, weighed and examined for insects. Analysis of variance was done and means compared using Fisher’s LSD Test. The soil was classified as Caribou Loam, pH 5.2. Total monthly rainfall for Jun, Jul, and Aug was respectively 14.0, 5.0, and 7.6 cm. The average temperature for each of the same 3 months was 16.0, 18.5 and 19.0 deg. C.
Insecticidal and Microbial Control of Lepidopteran Larvae in Minnesota Cabbage, 1993
Authors: Battels D. W. , Bolin P. C. , Hutchison W. D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This study was conducted on the University of Minnesota Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station in cabbage seeded 9 May and transplanted 14 Jun. Plots consisted of two 25 ft (7.62 m) rows on 40 inch (1.02 m) centers. Plant spacing was set for 13 inches (0.33 m). Ten ft (3.05 m) borders and 7 ft (2.13 m) alleys separated the plots. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. By 26 Jul, 50% of the plants were infested with DBM larvae. On 29 Jul, pheromone traps exceeded 8 CL moths/night and eggs and small larvae for both CL and ICW were present. Treatments were applied 29 Jul, 6, 13, and 20 Aug using a moderate-clearance Spirit sprayer with 5 TX-10 hollowcone nozzles delivering 27 gpa (252.5 liters/ha) at 45 psi (3.16 kg/cm2) and 3 mph (4.8 km/hr). Bond sticker/extender was added to all treatments at a rate of 0.10 fl oz/gal (0.79 ml/liter). Larval counts were taken 11 Aug and 2 Sep. Plots were harvested and evaluated for feeding damage on 10 Sep using Green’s rating scale (J. Econ. Entomol. 1969 62:4 798-800): 1 = no feeding damage; 2 = minor feeding damage on the wrapper leaves (0-1% eaten); 3 = moderate feeding damage on the wrapper leaves (2-5% eaten) with no head damage; 4 = moderate feeding damage on the wrapper leaves (6-10% eaten) and minor feeding scars on the head; 5 = moderate to heavy feeding on the wrapper leaves (11-30% eaten) and moderate feeding scars on the head; 6 = greater than 30% of the wrapper leaves eaten and numerous feeding scars on the head.
Control of Natural Populations of Lepidoptera on Cabbage: Evaluating Abbott Bacillus Thuringiensis Products in a Full Season Program, 1993
Authors: Shelton A. M. , Wilsey W. T. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cabbage was transplanted on 15 Jun at the Vegetable Crops Research Farm near Geneva, NY. Plots consisted of two 20-ft rows on 36-inch centers with 18-inch plant spacing. Treatments were replicated 4 times in an RCB design. A backpack sprayer with a one-row boom, having 3 nozzles per row with HC 12 hollow cone tips, and delivering 32.6 gal/acre at 40 psi and 2 mph, was used to apply weekly applications of each treatment. Bond sticker-spreader was applied at 0.1 % v/v with all treatments. Treatments were applied on 20 ml, 2, 10, 17, 26 Aug, and 3 Sep. Evaluations were made on 27 Jul, 9, 24 Aug, and 9 Sep by selecting three plants per plot, removing all leaves, and counting the number of live larvae. A two-way ANOVA was used for analysis of Lepidoptera data using replicate totals for the entire season.