bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resistance and resilience to gastro-intestinal nematode parasites and relationships with productivity of Red Maasai, Dorper and Red Maasai ✕ Dorper crossbred lambs in the sub-humid tropics
Authors: Baker R.L. , Nagda S. , Rodriguez-Zas S.L. , Southey B.R. , Audho J.O. , Aduda E.O. , Thorpe W. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractResistance and resilience to naturally acquired gastro-intestinal (GI) nematode parasite infections (predominantly Haemonchus contortus) were studied in 1785 lambs born over six lambings (1991 to 1996) consisting of 212 Red Maasai, 311 Dorper and 1262 crossbred (Red Maasai-Dorper) lambs in the sub-humid coastal region of Kenya. These lambs were the progeny of 41 Dorper and 35 Red Maasai rams. Live weights (LWT), blood packed cell volume (PCV) and faecal egg counts (FEC) were recorded at 1- to 2-monthly intervals from birth until the lambs were about one year of age. Red Maasai were more resistant and resilient post weaning to infections with GI nematodes than Dorper lambs as shown by their significantly lower FEC and their significantly higher PCV, respectively. An increasing proportion of Red Maasai genes in the crossbred lambs was associated with decreased FEC and higher PCV, but there was no heterosis for logarithm-transformed FEC (LFEC) or PCV. From one month of age Red Maasai lambs were significantly lighter than Dorper lambs by about 1 kg, but Red Maasai lambs had significantly lower lamb mortality rate from birth to 12 months of age (proportionately 0·30 and 0·66, respectively). Heritability estimates from a repeated measures analysis for records taken at 6 and 8 months of age were 0·14 (s.e. 0·05) for PCV from an animal model and 0·12 (s.e. 0·05) for LFEC from a sire model. The heritability estimate for LFEC from a repeated measures analysis including the four measurements recorded between 6 and 12 months of age was significantly higher (P < 0·05) for Dorper-sired lambs (0·15, s.e. 0·05 for an animal model and 0·19, s.e. 0·07 for a sire model) than for Red Maasai-sired lambs (0·00 and 0·01, s.e. 0·02). The phenotypic and genetic correlations between PCV and LFEC were moderately to highly negative and averaged –0·34 and –0·81, respectively. None of the genetic correlation estimates between LWT and PCV and LWT and LFEC for lambs post weaning were significantly different from zero. The heritability estimates for PCV and LFEC have important implications for within-breed genetic improvement programmes: for the Red Maasai, improvement should concentrate on resilience (e.g. selection for high PCV); for the Dorper, selection should be feasible for both improved resistance (low FEC) and resilience (high PCV).
Use of a deletion approach to assess the amino acid requirements for optimum fermentation by mixed micro-organisms from the sheep rumen
Authors: Atasoglu C. , Guliye A.Y. , Wallace R.J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAmino acids stimulate the growth rate and growth yield of ruminal micro-organisms, but the basis of this stimulation, in terms of amino acids which most limit growth, has never been fully established. Here, for the first time, a deletion approach was investigated using in vitro incubations of mixed ruminal micro-organisms supplied with a mixture of xylose, starch and cellobiose as energy sources and ammonia plus a complete amino acids mixture or mixtures with a single amino acid omitted as nitrogen sources, enabling the evaluation of the impact on ruminal fermentation of the deletion of a single amino acid from a complete amino acids mixture. Significant effects (P < 0·05) on total gas production were observed after 10 h of incubation when glutamate, glutamine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, serine, tryptophan or tyrosine were deleted from the amino acids mixture. The only significant effect of an amino acid deletion on volatile fatty acid production at 10 h was with serine (P < 0·05), although the effect of omitting others, including arginine, isoleucine, leucine and phenylalanine, approached significance (P < 0·01). The removal of leucine caused a 0·09 decrease in growth yield (P < 0·05); no other deletion affected the yield significantly (P > 0·05). Net gas production for each treatment was calculated by subtracting gas production in the absence of carbohydrates from gas production in their presence, thus eliminating gas production from amino acids from the values. At all times up to 10 h, the most significant effects on net gas production were found when serine, leucine, or the aromatic amino acids were omitted from the amino acids mixture. Thus, the deletion approach confirmed that no single amino acid limits ruminal fermentation more than any other, although a few, principally phenylalanine, leucine and serine, have a particularly significant rôle in the ruminal fermentation rate of soluble, rapidly degraded materials and/or microbial growth efficiency.
A III-V-on-Si ultra-dense comb laser
Authors: Wang Zhechao , Van Gasse Kasper , Moskalenko Valentina , Latkowski Sylwester , Bente Erwin , Kuyken Bart , Roelkens Gunther 
Published: May 2017

AbstractOptical frequency combs emerge as a promising technology that enables highly sensitive, near-real-time spectroscopy with a high resolution. The currently available comb generators are mostly based on bulky and high-cost femtosecond lasers for dense comb generation (line spacing in the range of 100 MHz to 1 GHz). However, their integrated and low-cost counterparts, which are integrated semiconductor mode-locked lasers, are limited by their large comb spacing, small number of lines and broad optical linewidth. In this study, we report a demonstration of a III-V-on-Si comb laser that can function as a compact, low-cost frequency comb generator after frequency stabilization. The use of low-loss passive silicon waveguides enables the integration of a long laser cavity, which enables the laser to be locked in the passive mode at a record-low 1 GHz repetition rate. The 12-nm 10-dB output optical spectrum and the notably small optical mode spacing results in a dense optical comb that consists of over 1400 equally spaced optical lines. The sub-kHz 10-dB radio frequency linewidth and the narrow longitudinal mode linewidth (<400 kHz) indicate notably stable mode-locking. Such integrated dense comb lasers are very promising, for example, for high-resolution and real-time spectroscopy applications.
Delta coherence in resting-state EEG predicts the reduction in cigarette craving after hypnotic aversion suggestions
Authors: Li Xiaoming , Ma Ru , Pang Liangjun , Lv Wanwan , Xie Yunlu , Chen Ying , Zhang Pengyu , Chen Jiawen , Wu Qichao , Cui Guanbao , Zhang Peng , Zhou Yifeng , Zhang Xiaochu 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCigarette craving is a key contributor of nicotine addiction. Hypnotic aversion suggestions have been used to help smoking cessation and reduce smoking relapse rates but its neural basis is poorly understood. This study investigated the underlying neural basis of hypnosis treatment for nicotine addiction with resting state Electroencephalograph (EEG) coherence as the measure. The sample consisted of 42 male smokers. Cigarette craving was measured by the Tobacco Craving Questionnaire. The 8-minute resting state EEG was recorded in baseline state and after hypnotic induction in the hypnotic state. Then a smoking disgust suggestion was performed. A significant increase in EEG coherence in delta and theta frequency, and significant decrease in alpha and beta frequency, between the baseline and the hypnotic state was found, which may reflect alterations in consciousness after hypnotic induction. More importantly, the delta coherence between the right frontal region and the left posterior region predicted cigarette craving reduction after hypnotic aversion suggestions. This suggests that the functional connectivity between these regions plays an important role in reducing cigarette cravings via hypnotic aversion suggestions. Thus, these brain regions may serve as an important target to treat nicotine addiction, such as stimulating these brain regions via repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.
Sub‐THz wave generation based on a dual wavelength microsquare laser
Authors: Weng Hai‐Zhong , Wada Osamu , Han Jun‐Yuan , Xiao Jin‐Long , Yang Yue‐De , Huang Yong‐Zhen , Li Jin , Xiong Bing , Sun Chang‐Zheng , Luo Yi 
Published: May 2017

A microsquare dual wavelength laser has been fabricated and applied to sub‐THz emission by beating two modes. An 18 × 18 μm square AlGaInAs/InP microsquare laser combined with an optimised uni‐travelling‐carrier photodiode has demonstrated stable emission at 103.2 GHz.
Major contribution of the 3/6/7 class of TRPC channels to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion and cellular hypoxia/reoxygenation injuries
Authors: He Xiju , Li Shoutian , Liu Benju , Susperreguy Sebastian , Formoso Karina , Yao Jinghong , Kang Jinsong , Shi Anbing , Birnbaumer Lutz , Liao Yanhong 
Published: May 2017

Significance
Calcium overload has been recognized as a critical cause of the injury tissues suffer after periods of ischemia. The ports that determine calcium entry into tissues subjected to transient hypoxia have not been identified. Here we identify two members of the transient potential receptor channel (TRPC) family of nonselective cation channels that allow passage of calcium, TRPC3 and TRPC6, as major factors causing calcium entry in the heart, which is responsible for ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Blocking TRPC activity or the genetic ablation of TRPCs markedly protected cardiac tissue and cells from I/R injury. TRPC3 and TRPC6 are promising therapeutic targets.
Generating bipartite networks with a prescribed joint degree distribution
Authors: Boroojeni Asma Azizi , Dewar Jeremy , Wu Tong , Hyman James M 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe describe a class of new algorithms to construct bipartite networks that preserves a prescribed degree and joint-degree (degree–degree) distribution of the nodes. Bipartite networks are graphs that can represent real-world interactions between two disjoint sets, such as actor–movie networks, author–article networks, co-occurrence networks and heterosexual partnership networks. Often there is a strong correlation between the degree of a node and the degrees of the neighbours of that node that must be preserved when generating a network that reflects the structure of the underling system. Our bipartite $2K$ ($B2K$) algorithms generate an ensemble of networks that preserve prescribed degree sequences for the two disjoint set of nodes in the bipartite network, and the joint-degree distribution that is the distribution of the degrees of all neighbours of nodes with the same degree. We illustrate the effectiveness of the algorithms on a romance network using the NetworkX software environment to compare other properties of a target network that are not directly enforced by the $B2K$ algorithms. We observe that when average degree of nodes is low, as is the case for romance and heterosexual partnership networks, then the $B2K$ networks tend to preserve additional properties, such as the cluster coefficients, than algorithms that do not preserve the joint-degree distribution of the original network.
Connectivity among offshore feeding areas and nearshore spawning grounds; implications for management of migratory fish
Authors: Sólmundsson Jón , Jónsdóttir Ingibjörg G , Ragnarsson Stefán Á , Björnsson Björn 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Knowing movement and structure of fish populations is a prerequisite for effective spatial fisheries management. The study evaluates migration patterns and connectivity of two groups of cod (Gadus morhua) associated with offshore feeding and nursery grounds. This was achieved by investigating (i) migration pathways of cod tagged at the feeding areas, (ii) immigration of cod to the areas based on mark-recapture data covering a period of two decades, and (iii) depth and temperature data from data storage tags (DSTs). Despite undertaking long-distance migrations after attaining sexual maturity, the cod aggregations in the two study areas appear to be largely separated from each other. This conclusion is supported by DSTs, indicating that mature fish associated with the two areas occupy different thermal-bathymetric niches. Low levels of connectivity suggest that effective spatial management in the two study areas would preserve fish of different origin. For the highly migratory adults, however, spatial management would need to focus on migration pathways and the areas where the fish are particularly vulnerable to fishing.
Use of antimicrobial agents for treatment and prevention of travellers’ diarrhoea in the face of enhanced risk of transient fecal carriage of multi-drug resistant enterobacteriaceae: setting the stage for consensus recommendations
Authors: DuPont Herbert L. , Steffen Robert 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackground: The recommendation that antibiotics should be used for routine therapy of travellers’ diarrhoea is being reconsidered in view of growing evidence that the therapy may lead to intestinal carriage of multi-drug resistant (MDR) colonic microbiota. This review attempts to put the issues of therapy and MDR acquisition in perspective to help in the establishment of therapeutic recommendations for travellers’ diarrhoea.Methods: The existing literature showing the risk and consequences of acquisition of MDR microbiota in antibiotic-treated travellers was reviewed. Issues important to the development of firm evidence-based recommendations for antibiotics use for treatment and prevention of travellers’ diarrhoea were researched.Results: Six areas of research needed to allow the development of evidence-based recommendations for antibiotic-treatment and -prevention of travellers’ diarrhoea were identified.Conclusions: Increasing worldwide occurrence of antibiotic resistance should alert public health officials of the importance of encouraging local antibiotic stewardship guidelines. Six areas to research are identified in this review to allow the development of evidence-based recommendations for use of antibiotics for treatment and selective prevention of travellers’ diarrhoea. An interdisciplinary ISTM Consensus group will consider the data available and develop current recommendations for therapy and chemoprevention of travellers’ diarrhoea considering groups who would benefit the most from antimicrobials while recognizing the hazards associated with broad use of these drugs. With interim recommendations and ultimately evidence-based recommendations, guidelines can be developed for management of travellers’ diarrhoea considering populations and destinations.
Predictive Factors of Surgical Outcome in Frontal Lobe Epilepsy Explored with Stereoelectroencephalography
Authors: Bonini Francesca , McGonigal Aileen , Scavarda Didier , Carron Romain , Régis Jean , Dufour Henry , Péragut Jean-Claude , Laguitton Virginie , Villeneuve Nathalie , Chauvel Patrick , Giusiano Bernard , Trébuchon Agnès , Bartolomei Fabrice 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Resective surgery established treatment for pharmacoresistant frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE), but seizure outcome and prognostic indicators are poorly characterized and vary between studies.

OBJECTIVE
To study long-term seizure outcome and identify prognostic factors.

METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed 42 FLE patients having undergone surgical resection, mostly preceded by invasive recordings with stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG). Postsurgical outcome up to 10-yr follow-up and prognostic indicators were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier analysis and multivariate and conditional inference procedures.

RESULTS
At the time of last follow-up, 57.1% of patients were seizure-free. The estimated chance of seizure freedom was 67% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 54-83) at 6 mo, 59% (95% CI: 46-76) at 1 yr, 53% (95% CI: 40-71) at 2 yr, and 46% (95% CI: 32-66) at 5 yr. Most relapses (83%) occurred within the first 12 mo. Multivariate analysis showed that completeness of resection of the epileptogenic zone (EZ) as defined by SEEG was the main predictor of seizure outcome. According to conditional inference trees, in patients with complete resection of the EZ, focal cortical dysplasia as etiology and focal EZ were positive prognostic indicators. No difference in outcome was found in patients with positive vs negative magnetic resonance imaging.

CONCLUSION
Surgical resection in drug-resistant FLE can be a successful therapeutic approach, even in the absence of neuroradiologically visible lesions. SEEG may be highly useful in both nonlesional and lesional FLE cases, because complete resection of the EZ as defined by SEEG is associated with better prognosis.
Trajectory of Short- and Long-Term Recovery of Tibial Shaft Fractures After Intramedullary Nail Fixation
Authors: Ko Sebastian J. , O'Brien Peter J. , Guy Pierre , Broekhuyse Henry M. , Blachut Piotr A. , Lefaivre Kelly A. 
Published: May 2017

Objective:
To determine the trajectory of recovery after tibial shaft fracture treated with intramedullary nail over the first 5 years and to evaluate the magnitude of the changes in functional outcome at various time intervals.

Design:
Prospective cohort study.

Setting:
A Level 1 trauma center.

Patients/Participants:
One hundred thirty-two patients with tibial shaft fracture (OTA 42-A, B, C) were enrolled into the Center's prospective orthopaedic trauma database between January 2005 and February 2010. Functional outcome data were collected at baseline, 6 months, 1 year, and 5 years.

Intervention:
Enrolled patients were treated acutely with intramedullary nailing of their tibia.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Evaluation was performed using the Short Form-36 and Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA).

Results:
Mean SF-36 physical component scores improved between 6 and 12 months (P = 0.0008) and between 1 and 5 years (P = 0.0029). Similarly, mean SMFA dysfunction index scores improved between 6 and 12 months (P = 0.0254) and between 1 and 5 years (P = 0.0106). In both scores, the rate or slope of this improvement is flatter between 1 and 5 years than it is between 6 and 12 months. Furthermore, SF-36 and SMFA scores did not reach baseline at 5 years (SF-36 P < 0.0001, SMFA P = 0.0026). A significant proportion of patients were still achieving a minimal clinically important difference in function between 1 and 5 years (SF-36 = 54%, SMFA = 44%).

Conclusions:
The trajectory of functional recovery after tibial shaft fracture is characterized by an initial decline in function, followed by improvement between 6 and 12 months. There is still further improvement beyond 1 year, but this is of flatter trajectory. The 5-year results indicate that function does not improve to baseline by 5 years after injury.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
A 3-Dimensional Analysis of the Fracture Planes in Pediatric Lateral Humeral Condyle Fractures for Image-Based Pin Positioning During Fixation
Authors: Park Do Young , Cho Jae Ho , Lee Doo-Hyung , Choi Wan-Sun , Bang Jun Young , Yin Xiang Yun 
Published: May 2017

Objective:
To determine the 3-dimensional morphology of pediatric lateral condylar physeal fractures using 3-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) and to identify optimal pin positions for percutaneous pinning.

Design:
Prospective case series of consecutively treated patients.

Setting:
Tertiary university hospital setting.

Patients:
Preoperative 3D-CTs in pediatric surgical candidates diagnosed with lateral condylar physeal fractures.

Intervention:
Closed reduction and percutaneous pinning was performed.

Main Outcome Measures:
Reconstructed images of the distal humerus were aligned accordingly to determine the coronal (α), sagittal (β), and axial tilt (γ) angles of the fracture plane. Both α and β were also measured on plain radiography. Image-based position of the 2 pins was calculated preoperatively using 3D-CT, based on anteroposterior and lateral views. Final angle of pins was measured on postoperative radiographs.

Results:
A total of 29 fractures were assessed. 3D-CT reconstruction images of fractures showed a posterolateral fracture fragment with reference to the long axis of the humerus. The mean α, β, and γ were 62 degrees [95% confidence interval (CI), 59–64], 69 degrees (95% CI, 65–72), and 36 degrees (95% CI, 34–38). Both α and β measured on plain radiography were not significantly different from 3D-CT measurements (P = 0.6712, 0.6218). Average postoperative pin angles were 144 degrees (95% CI, 140–147) and 161 degrees (95% CI, 158–165) for the proximal pin, and 118 degrees (95% CI, 114–122) and 115 degrees (95% CI, 110–120) for the distal pin, on anteroposterior and lateral views, respectively, resulting in similar trajectories to the preoperatively calculated pin positions.

Conclusion:
Our study adds to the current knowledge by providing an image-based angular reference of the fracture configuration in pediatric lateral humeral condyle fractures, which may be used during percutaneous pinning.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Mobius Syndrome: A 35-Year Single Institution Experience
Authors: K. McClure Philip , Kilinc Eray , Oishi Scott , I. Riccio Anthony , A. Karol Lori 
Published: May 2017

Background:
Mobius syndrome is a rare syndrome that is known to be associated with a variety of orthopaedic conditions including scoliosis, clubfoot, transverse limb deficiencies, Poland syndrome, and a myriad of hand conditions. To date, no large series exist to characterize the orthopaedic manifestations of Mobius syndrome.

Methods:
Medical records at a single tertiary pediatric institution were reviewed for all patients diagnosed with Mobius syndrome from January 1, 1980 to December 31, 2015. Records and radiographs were reviewed for associated orthopaedic conditions and their management.

Results:
In total, 44 patients with Mobius syndrome were identified. Age at presentation ranged from 6 days to 14 years. When compared with the general population, patients with Mobius syndrome had an increased incidence of clubfoot (41%), Poland syndrome (20%), and scoliosis (14%). Clubfoot treated both before and after the institution of Ponseti casting had a high rate of requiring posteromedial release, with a significant rate of subsequent revision. Hip dysplasia was noted in 1 patient and required surgical correction. Other associated syndromes included arthrogryposis, Pierre Robin syndrome, and chromosome 10 defect.

Conclusions:
Mobius syndrome is accompanied by an increased rate of several orthopaedic problems; most notably clubfoot, scoliosis, and upper extremity differences that often require surgical treatment. The management of clubfoot in the setting of Mobius syndrome often requires surgical intervention due to failure of casting, and seems to have a higher rate of need for revision. Early involvement of orthopaedists in the care of patients with Mobius syndrome is often necessary. Orthopaedist should counsel families that treatment may be more complex than that of idiopathic disease.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—case series.