bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphine treatment enhances glutamatergic input onto neurons of the nucleus accumbens via both disinhibitory and stimulating effect
Authors: Yuan Kejing , Sheng Huan , Song Jiaojiao , Yang Li , Cui Dongyang , Ma Qianqian , Zhang Wen , Lai Bin , Chen Ming , Zheng Ping 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDrug addiction is a chronic brain disorder characterized by the compulsive repeated use of drugs. The reinforcing effect of repeated use of drugs on reward plays an important role in morphine‐induced addictive behaviors. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is an important site where morphine treatment produces its reinforcing effect on reward. However, how morphine treatment produces its reinforcing effect on reward in the NAc remains to be clarified. In the present study, we studied the influence of morphine treatment on the effects of DA and observed whether morphine treatment could directly change glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the NAc. We also explored the functional significance of morphine‐induced potentiation of glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the NAc at behavioral level. Our results show that (1) morphine treatment removes the inhibitory effect of DA on glutamatergic input onto NAc neurons; (2) morphine treatment potentiates glutamatergic input onto NAc neurons, especially the one from the basolateral amygdala (BLA) to the NAc; (3) blockade of glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the NAc or ablation of projection neurons from BLA to NAc significantly decreases morphine treatment‐induced increase in locomotor activity. These results suggest that morphine treatment enhances glutamatergic input onto neurons of the NAc via both disinhibitory and stimulating effect and therefore increases locomotor activity.
Utility of antenatal clinical factors for prediction of postpartum outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)
Authors: Ingram Emily R. , Robertson Iain K. , Ogden Kathryn J. , Dennis Amanda E. , Campbell Joanne E. , Corbould Anne M. 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with life‐long increased risk of type 2 diabetes: affected women are advised to undergo oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) at 6–12 weeks postpartum, then glucose screening every 1–3 years.AimsWe investigated whether in women with GDM, antenatal clinical factors predicted postpartum abnormal glucose tolerance and compliance with screening.Materials and methodsIn women with GDM delivering 2007 to mid‐2009 in a single hospital, antenatal/obstetric data and glucose tests at 6–12 weeks postpartum and during 5.5 years post‐pregnancy were retrospectively collected. Predictors of return for testing and abnormal glucose tolerance were identified using multivariate analysis.ResultsOf 165 women, 117 (70.9%) returned for 6–12 week postpartum OGTT: 23 (19.6%) were abnormal. Smoking and parity, independent of socioeconomic status, were associated with non‐return for testing. Fasting glucose ≥5.4 mmol/L on pregnancy OGTT predicted both non‐return for testing and abnormal OGTT. During 5.5 years post‐pregnancy, 148 (89.7%) women accessed glucose screening: nine (6.1%) developed diabetes, 33 (22.3%) had impaired fasting glucose / impaired glucose tolerance. Predictors of abnormal glucose tolerance were fasting glucose ≥5.4 mmol/L and 2‐h glucose ≥9.3 mmol/L on pregnancy OGTT (~2.5‐fold increased risk), and polycystic ovary syndrome (~3.4 fold increased risk). Risk score calculation, based on combined antenatal factors, did not improve predictions.ConclusionsAntenatal clinical factors were modestly predictive of return for testing and abnormal glucose tolerance post‐pregnancy in women with GDM. Risk score calculations were ineffective in predicting outcomes: risk scores developed in other populations require validation. Ongoing glucose screening is indicated for all women with GDM.
The makeup of destiny: Predestination and the labor of hope in a Moroccan emigrant town
Authors: ELLIOT ALICE 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTAs young women in a Moroccan emigrant town search for suitable husbands, they frame seemingly irreverent practices such as using makeup and premarital romances as ways to precipitate their unknown conjugal destinies. This complex “labor of hope” flows from the Islamic precept of predestination, which, far from being a fatalistic backdrop to social life, compels people to act in the human world in view of a future that has already been divinely determined. Here, destiny effectively “folds” Islam into the very texture of mundane practices that, on the surface, may seem not just distant from Islam but even antithetical to it. This phenomenon obliges us to recast Max Weber's argument on predestination and action, as well as to reconsider current anthropological debates on “everyday Islam.” [destiny, migration, hope, courtship, future, Islam, Morocco]image
Atmosphere: Context, detachment, and the view from above Earth
Authors: VALENTINE DAVID 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTSince the 1950s, views of Earth from above have been critiqued for provoking detachment from and decontextualization of human, terrestrial concerns. These critiques thus establish Earth's enveloping atmosphere as the ultimate context for meaningful and grounded accounts of humanness, and outer space as a site for abstract, generalizable knowledge. But in outer space, the explanatory work done by “context” is put in question, because spacefaring humans must attend to basic and constantly shifting conditions for life that lie beyond “context” on Earth, including breathing. Attention to humans in real and speculative space environments reveals context as a naturalizing device that establishes universal nature/culture distinctions through recourse to grounding terrestrial ontologies.
Forms of exclusion: Undocumented students navigating financial aid and inclusion in the United States
Authors: FLORES ANDREA 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTExcluded from public financial aid because of their immigration status, undocumented youth in the United States frequently depend on private schools’ merit‐based financial aid. This aid, which operates according to a neoliberal logic, provides them with a critical pathway to tertiary education and potentially to institutional and national inclusion. Yet this private‐sector inclusion ultimately harms their sense of public belonging, as shown by the experiences of undocumented Latino youth in Nashville, Tennessee. Students who do not meet the schools’ high standards cannot access either institutional or civic inclusion; those who can meet the standards experience inclusion as contingent on continued excellence. Their experiences reveal the critical role that private institutions play in mediating undocumented people's national inclusion and how neoliberal merit restricts the terms of this inclusion. [undocumented migrants, inclusion, exclusion, higher education, neoliberalism, bureaucratic documents, United States]
Low‐Dose Quinidine Effectively Reduced Shocks in Brugada Syndrome Patients with an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator: A Chinese Case Series Report
Authors: Shen Tongtong , Yuan Binbin , Geng Jie , Chen Chun , Zhou Xiujuan , Shan Qijun 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundOnly implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) have been proven to prevent sudden cardiac death (SCD) in patients with Brugada syndrome (BrS). However, ICD discharge, whether appropriate or inappropriate, leads to impaired quality of life and even increases rehospitalization. Quinidine might prevent the recurrence of ventricular arrhythmia (VA); however, the effect of low‐dose quinidine for preventing spontaneous arrhythmias remains less clear.MethodsIn our cardiology center, 10 confirmed patients with BrS (all men, mean age 38.7 ± 6.72 years) who underwent appropriate ICD shocks due to recurrent VAs were treated with quinidine (≤200 mg/day) and followed regularly.ResultsAll the patients underwent ICD shocks due to ventricular tachycardia (VT)/ventricular fibrillation (VF) before taking quinidine. A 24‐hour distribution of VT/VF demonstrated that most of the events occurred in the sleeping time from 22:00 to 8:00. Quinidine prevented recurrence of VAs in nine patients. The other one patient took quinidine discontinuously because of anxiety suffered from less episodes of VA, and after psychological guidance, he took quinidine 200 mg/day and experienced no VA episodes from then on. In our series, only one patient suffered leukopenia related to quinidine. No other side effect was observed.ConclusionsQuinidine with a very low dose (≤200 mg/day) well controlled VT/VF recurrence for a long‐term period in Chinese patients with BrS. Administration (at 21:00) according to the circadian distribution of VT/VF episodes might increase the efficiency and improve the patient's tolerance.
Chorioamnionitis at birth does not increase the risk of neurodevelopmental disability in premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Bashir Rani A. , Bhandari Vineet , Vayalthrikkovil Sakeer , Rabi Yacov , Soraisham Amuchou , Tang Selphee , Al Awad Essa , Lodha Abhay 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimTo compare preterm infants with no bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), BPD with chorioamnionitis (BPDC) and BPD with no chorioamnionitis (BPDNC) for the association with neurodevelopmental disability (NDD) at three years corrected age.MethodsDemographic and outcome data of infants with birthweight (BW) ≤1250 g born during two epochs (1995–2000 and 2002–2007 with an interim washout period of one year) were compared on the basis of whether they had BPD, chorioamnionitis or both. Any NDD was considered present if there was either mild–severe cerebral palsy (CP), cognitive delay, visual or hearing impairment. Logistic regression modelling was performed.ResultsInfants (n = 1009) were included into three groups – no BPD (n = 442), BPDNC (n = 437) and BPDC (n = 130). The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of any NDD at three years in infants with BPDC versus BPDNC was 1.37; 95% CI 0.85–2.20, and for CP the aOR was 1.66; 95% CI 0.76–3.62. Infants in the BPDC group were of lower BW, gestational age and had longer length of hospital stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, more blood transfusions and sepsis compared to BPDNC and no BPD groups (all p < 0.001).ConclusionChorioamnionitis was not associated with any increase in the odds of NDD in infants with BPD at three years corrected age.
Adding sweet potato vines improve the quality of rice straw silage
Authors: Li Ping , Ji Shuren , Wang Qian , Qin Mengzhen , Hou Chen , Shen Yixin 
Published: August 2016

AbstractRice straw and sweet potato vines are the main by‐products of agricultural crops, and their disposal creates problems for the environment in the south of China. In order to establish an easy method for making rice straw silage successfully, experiments were conduct to evaluate fermentation quality and nutritive value of rice straw silages ensiled with or without sweet potato vine. Paddy rice straw (PR) and upland rice straw (UP) were ensiled alone or with sweet potato vines (SP) by a ratio of 1:1 (fresh matter basis), over 3 years. Compared with rice straw silages ensiled alone, the mixed‐material silages (PR + SP, UR + SP) showed higher fermentation quality with lower propionic acid content and NH3‐N ratio of total N, and higher (P < 0.05) concentrations of lactic acid and acetic acid, resulting in decrease (P < 0.05) of dry matter loss and higher (P < 0.05) in vitro ruminal dry matter digestion. When the fermentation quality, chemical composition and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics were considered, ensiling would be an effective way of utilization of rice straw and sweet potato vines in the regions where rice and sweet potato are harvested at same season, and the sweet potato vines have the potential to improve rice straw fermentation quality with low water soluble carbohydrate content in south of China.
Sevuparin binds to multiple adhesive ligands and reduces sickle red blood cell‐induced vaso‐occlusion
Authors: Telen Marilyn J. , Batchvarova Milena , Shan Siqing , Bovee‐Geurts Petra H. , Zennadi Rahima , Leitgeb Anna , Brock Roland , Lindgren Maria 
Published: August 2016

SummarySevuparin is a novel drug candidate in phase II development as a treatment for vaso‐occlusive crises (VOC) in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). As a heparin‐derived polysaccharide, sevuparin has been designed to retain anti‐adhesive properties, while the antithrombin‐binding domains have been eliminated, substantially diminishing its anticoagulant activity. Here, we demonstrate that sevuparin inhibits the adhesion of human sickle red blood cells (SS‐RBCs) to stimulated cultured endothelial cells in vitro. Importantly, sevuparin prevents vaso‐occlusion and normalizes blood flow in an in vivo mouse model of SCD vaso‐occlusion. Analyses by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) demonstrate that sevuparin binds to P‐ and L‐selectins, thrombospondin, fibronectin and von Willebrand factor, all of which are thought to contribute to vaso‐occlusion in SCD. Despite low anticoagulation activity, sevuparin has anti‐adhesive efficacy similar to the low molecular weight heparin tinzaparin both in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that the anti‐adhesive properties rather than the anticoagulant effects of heparinoids are critical for the treatment of vaso‐occlusion in SCD. Therefore, sevuparin is now being evaluated in SCD patients hospitalized for treatment of VOC.
Cell‐to‐cell communication in guided bone regeneration: molecular and cellular mechanisms
Authors: Gruber Reinhard , Stadlinger Bernd , Terheyden Hendrik 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis overview provides insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in guided bone regeneration, in particular focusing on aspects presented in the 3D movie, Cell‐To‐Cell Communication in Guided Bone Regeneration. The information presented here is based almost exclusively on genetic mouse models in which single genes can be deleted or overexpressed, even in a specific cell type. This information needs to be extrapolated to humans and related to aspects relevant to graft consolidation under the clinical parameters of guided bone regeneration. The overview follows the ground tenor of the Cell‐To‐Cell Communication series and focuses on aspects of cell‐to‐cell communication in bone regeneration and guided bone regeneration. Here, we discuss (1) the role of inflammation during bone regeneration, including (2) the importance of the fibrin matrix, and (3) the pleiotropic functions of macrophages. We highlight (4) the origin of bone‐forming osteoblasts and bone‐resorbing osteoclasts as well as (5) what causes a progenitor cell to mature into an effector cell. (6) We touch on the complex bone adaptation and maintenance after graft consolidation and (7) how osteocytes control this process. Finally, we speculate on (8) how barrier membranes and the augmentation material can modulate graft consolidation.
Dapagliflozin once‐daily and exenatide once‐weekly dual therapy: A 24‐week randomized, placebo‐controlled, phase II study examining effects on body weight and prediabetes in obese adults without diabetes
Authors: Lundkvist Per , Sjöström C. David , Amini Sam , Pereira Maria J. , Johnsson Eva , Eriksson Jan W. 
Published: August 2016

AimsTo explore the effects of dual therapy with dapagliflozin and exenatide on body weight, body composition, glycaemic variables and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in obese adults without diabetes.Materials and methodsIn this single‐centre, double‐blind trial, we randomized 50 obese adults without diabetes (aged 18–70 years; body mass index 30–45 kg/m2) to oral dapagliflozin 10 mg once daily plus subcutaneous long‐acting exenatide 2 mg once weekly or placebo. MRI was used to assess change in body composition. Participants were instructed to follow a balanced diet and exercise moderately.ResultsOf 25 dapagliflozin/exenatide‐ and 25 placebo‐treated participants, 23 (92.0%) and 20 (80.0%) completed 24 weeks of treatment, respectively. At baseline, the mean participant age was 52 years, 61% were female, the mean body weight was 104.6 kg, and 73.5% of participants had prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance). After 24 weeks, for dapagliflozin/exenatide versus placebo: the difference in body weight change was −4.13 kg (95% confidence interval −6.44, −1.81; P < .001), which was mostly attributable to adipose tissue reduction without lean tissue change; 36.0% versus 4.2% of participants achieved ≥5% body weight loss, respectively; and prediabetes was less frequent with active treatment (34.8% vs 85.0%, respectively; P < .01). The difference in SBP change for dapagliflozin/exenatide versus placebo was −6.7 mm Hg. As expected, nausea and injection‐site reactions were more frequent with dapagliflozin/exenatide than with placebo. Only two and three participants, respectively, discontinued because of adverse events.ConclusionsCompared with placebo, dapagliflozin/exenatide dual therapy reduced body weight, frequency of prediabetes and SBP over 24 weeks and was well tolerated in obese adults without diabetes.
Bumble bee species exhibit divergent responses to urbanisation in a Southern California landscape
Authors: SCHOCHET AMANDA B. , HUNG KENG‐LOU J. , HOLWAY DAVID A. 
Published: August 2016

1. Bees are ecologically important pollinators that are threatened by disease, habitat degradation, and habitat loss. Bee species that share ecological traits (e.g. body size, diet breadth, and sociality) may often respond similarly to environmental disturbance; however, few studies have examined the extent to which closely related, ecologically similar species exhibit divergent responses to the same forms of disturbance.2. In the present study, the responses of bumble bees (Apidae: genus Bombus) to urbanization are examined by combining field surveys with the quantification of local‐ and landscape‐level variables using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). During the spring and summer of 2012 and 2013, 57, bumble bees were surveyed in 1‐ha plots in San Diego County, California that spanned a gradient of urbanisation. Species‐level, occurrence (presence/absence) data and logistic regressions were then used to identify determinants of Bombus occurrence across this landscape.3. Approximately 1000 Bombus individuals belonging to three species were observed: B. californicus Smith, B. melanopygus Cresson, and B. vosnesenskii Radoszkowski. The occurrence of all Bombus species was negatively related to impermeable surface cover within study plots, but species responded uniquely to other plot‐scale variables and exhibited distinctive patterns of scale‐dependency with respect to impermeable surface cover surrounding plots.4. Urbanisation negatively affected all three focal bumble bee species in this study. Species‐specific responses to plot‐scale and landscape‐scale variables presumably reflect interspecific trait differences (e.g. body size, tongue length, and foraging behaviour). Unique responses to urbanisation caution against pooling species into functional groups based merely on taxonomic relationships or perceived ecological similarities.
Exploring the Trajectory of an Educational Innovation: Instructors’ Attitudes Toward IPA Implementation in a Postsecondary Intensive Summer Language Program
Authors: Martel Jason , Bailey Kathleen M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTo date, research on the Integrated Performance Assessment (IPA) has focused principally on student performance, largely neglecting the experiences of instructors. This is a substantial gap, for it is instructors who are responsible for both designing and administering the IPA. The present study, therefore, used concepts from the literature on educational innovations to investigate instructors’ attitudes toward summative IPA use in a postsecondary intensive summer language program, a context that is novel to research on the IPA. Findings include attitudes toward standardizing task procedures, using the IPA rubrics and assigning grades, and the sustainability of the innovation in the program. Based on these data, the authors call for the continued development of IPAs whose content/context correspond with the adult intellect, in addition to further research on IPA implementation and adaptation across a range of program types.
Yield responses of wild C3 and C4 crop progenitors to subambient CO2: a test for the role of CO2 limitation in the origin of agriculture
Authors: Cunniff Jennifer , Jones Glynis , Charles Michael , Osborne Colin P. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractLimitation of plant productivity by the low partial pressure of atmospheric CO2 (Ca) experienced during the last glacial period is hypothesized to have been an important constraint on the origins of agriculture. In support of this hypothesis, previous work has shown that glacial Ca limits vegetative growth in the wild progenitors of both C3 and C4 founder crops. Here, we present data showing that glacial Ca also reduces grain yield in both crop types. We grew four wild progenitors of C3 (einkorn wheat and barley) and C4 crops (foxtail and broomcorn millets) at glacial and postglacial Ca, measuring grain yield and the morphological and physiological components contributing to these yield changes. The C3 species showed a significant increase in unthreshed grain yield of ~50% with the glacial to postglacial increase in Ca, which matched the stimulation of photosynthesis, suggesting that increases in photosynthesis are directly translated into yield at subambient levels of Ca. Increased yield was controlled by a higher rate of tillering, leading to a larger number of tillers bearing fertile spikes, and increases in seed number and size. The C4 species showed smaller, but significant, increases in grain yield of 10–15%, arising from larger seed numbers and sizes. Photosynthesis was enhanced by Ca in only one C4 species and the effect diminished during development, suggesting that an indirect mechanism mediated by plant water relations could also be playing a role in the yield increase. Interestingly, the C4 species at glacial Ca showed some evidence that photosynthetic capacity was upregulated to enhance carbon capture. Development under glacial Ca also impacted negatively on the subsequent germination and viability of seeds. These results suggest that the grain production of both C3 and C4 crop progenitors was limited by the atmospheric conditions of the last glacial period, with important implications for the origins of agriculture.