bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mate choice for neutral and MHC genetic characteristics in Alpine marmots: different targets in different contexts?
Authors: Ferrandiz‐Rovira Mariona , Allainé Dominique , Callait‐Cardinal Marie‐Pierre , Cohas Aurélie 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSexual selection through female mate choice for genetic characteristics has been suggested to be an important evolutionary force maintaining genetic variation in animal populations. However, the genetic targets of female mate choice are not clearly identified and whether female mate choice is based on neutral genetic characteristics or on particular functional loci remains an open question. Here, we investigated the genetic targets of female mate choice in Alpine marmots (Marmota marmota), a socially monogamous mammal where extra‐pair paternity (EPP) occurs. We used 16 microsatellites to describe neutral genetic characteristics and two MHC loci belonging to MHC class I and II as functional genetic characteristics. Our results reveal that (1) neutral and MHC genetic characteristics convey different information in this species, (2) social pairs show a higher MHC class II dissimilarity than expected under random mate choice, and (3) the occurrence of EPP increases when social pairs present a high neutral genetic similarity or dissimilarity but also when they present low MHC class II dissimilarity. Thus, female mate choice is based on both neutral and MHC genetic characteristics, and the genetic characteristics targeted seem to be context dependent (i.e., the genes involved in social mate choice and genetic mate choice differ). We emphasize the need for empirical studies of mate choice in the wild using both neutral and MHC genetic characteristics because whether neutral and functional genetic characteristics convey similar information is not universal.
Impact of Domestic Investor Protection on Foreign Investment Decisions: Evidence from Bond Markets
Authors: Pradkhan Elina 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis study explores the relationship between domestic creditor protection and foreign investment decisions in bond markets. It also investigates how the difference between domestic and foreign creditor protections affects the foreign investment. The impact of domestic creditor protection on cross‐border investment in bonds is twofold. A high level of domestic creditor protection increases international diversification. At the same time, an efficient protection of creditor rights at home reduces the sensitivity of foreign investment to foreign creditor protection. These results hold most strongly for investing countries with high levels of domestic creditor protection. In addition, this study shows that the difference between domestic and foreign creditor protections matters for investment decisions: if domestic creditor protection is more efficient than foreign creditor protection, the sensitivity of foreign investment to foreign (domestic) creditor protection decreases (increases). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Knowledge Management Capabilities and Organizational Performance in Roads and Transport Authority of Dubai: The mediating role of Learning Organization
Authors: Ngah Rohana , Tai Taufiq , Bontis Nick 
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of knowledge management capabilities on organizational performance in the public sector. Learning organization was included as a mediator to investigate its effect on the relationship between knowledge management capabilities and organizational performance. The conceptual framework provided a useful perspective to study knowledge management capabilities in a government setting in Dubai.Two hundred and fifty‐five usable questionnaires were collected from the survey. The respondents were executives, managers and directors of the Roads and Transport Authority of Dubai, United Arab Emirates. SPSS version 21 and amos version 20 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA) were utilized to test the conceptual model. The findings show that knowledge management capabilities have a positive and significant relationship with organizational performance. Learning organization fully mediates the relationship between knowledge management capabilities and organizational performance.The study only focuses on the Roads and Transport Authority, which is one of the government agencies in Dubai. Recommendations are provided to offer practitioners alternative solutions to their weaknesses and set strategies to improve the effectiveness of their knowledge management capabilities to promote continuous learning in the organization. This is the first study of knowledge management and learning organization carried out in Dubai or the United Arab Emirates in the public sector. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Randomized clinical trial of portion‐controlled prepackaged foods to promote weight loss
Authors: Rock Cheryl L. , Flatt Shirley W. , Pakiz Bilgé , Barkai Hava‐Shoshana , Heath Dennis D. , Krumhar Kim C. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveProviding portion‐controlled prepackaged foods in a behavioral counseling intervention may promote more weight and fat loss than a standard self‐selected diet.MethodsThe primary aim was to test whether providing portion‐controlled prepackaged lunch and dinner entrées within a behavioral weight loss intervention promotes greater weight loss at 12 weeks compared to self‐selected foods in adults with overweight/obesity. Other aims were to examine effects on biological factors, fitness, and meal satisfaction. One‐half of those assigned to prepackaged entrées were provided items with a higher protein level (>25% energy) as an exploratory aim.ResultsParticipants (N = 183) had a baseline weight of 95.9 (15.6) kg (mean [SD]) and BMI of 33.2 (3.5) kg/m2. Weight data at 12 weeks were available for 180 subjects. Weight loss for regular entrée, higher protein entrée, and control groups was 8.6 (3.9)%, 7.8 (5.1)%, and 6.0 (4.4)%, respectively (P < 0.05, intervention vs. control). Intervention participants lost more body fat than controls (5.7 [3.4] vs. 4.4 [3.3] kg, P < 0.05).ConclusionsA meal plan incorporating portion‐controlled prepackaged entrées promotes greater weight and fat loss than a standard self‐selected diet, with comparable meal satisfaction. Initial weight loss predicts long‐term weight loss so these results are relevant to likelihood of longer term success.
Medical expenditures in patients with high risk of diabetes: Effects of BMI, hypertension, and health‐related quality of life
Authors: Rendas‐Baum Regina , Lyng Wolden Michael , Le Lay Agathe , Bue Bjorner Jakob 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveTo evaluate the health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients with diabetes and persons at high risk of developing diabetes and the association between HRQOL scores and subsequent medical expenditures in these persons.MethodsData came from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Body mass index (BMI) and hypertension were used to identify risk of diabetes. Burden was assessed by comparing SF‐12 physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) summary scores in patients with diabetes and those at risk of having diabetes to the age‐ and gender‐adjusted PCS and MCS of those with normal BMI and no hypertension. Associations between PCS and MCS and medical expenditures were modeled using a two‐part model that controlled for clinical and demographic factors. Percent increase in expenditure associated with PCS and MCS differences was evaluated as the ratio of estimated expenditure, holding other factors fixed.ResultsDiabetes risk factors were associated with up to 9‐point lower PCS and 3‐point lower MCS score. Overall, 1‐, 2‐, 5‐, and 10‐point lower PCS scores were associated with 2.9%, 5.8%, 15.0%, and 31.8% higher expenditures, and lower MCS scores were associated with 1.3%, 2.6%, 6.5%, and 13.5% higher expenditures, respectively.ConclusionsThe reported associations can help clinicians and researchers interpret the magnitude of HRQOL score differences.
Improvements in glycemic control after gastric bypass occur despite persistent adipose tissue inflammation
Authors: Kratz Mario , Hagman Derek K. , Kuzma Jessica N. , Foster‐Schubert Karen E. , Chan Chun P. , Stewart Skye , van Yserloo Brian , Westbrook Emily O. , Arterburn David E. , Flum David R. , Cummings David E. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveType 2 diabetes commonly goes into remission following Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB). As the mechanisms remain incompletely understood, a reduction in adipose tissue inflammation may contribute to these metabolic improvements. Therefore, whether RYGB reduces adipose tissue inflammation compared with equivalent weight loss from an intensive lifestyle intervention was investigated.MethodsSixteen people with obesity and type 2 diabetes were randomized to RYGB or lifestyle intervention. Fasting blood and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue were obtained before and after the loss of ∼7% of baseline weight. Adipose tissue inflammation was assessed by whole‐tissue gene expression and flow cytometry‐based quantification of tissue leukocytes.ResultsAt 7% weight loss, insulin and metformin use were reduced among the RYGB but not the Lifestyle cohort, while fasting glucose and insulin declined in both. Adipose tissue inflammation increased modestly after RYGB and to a similar extent following nonsurgical weight loss. In both groups, the number of neutrophils increased severalfold (P < 0.001), mRNA levels of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin‐1β increased (P = 0.037), and mRNA expression of the anti‐inflammatory and insulin‐sensitizing adipokine adiponectin decreased (P = 0.010).ConclusionsA reduction in adipose tissue inflammation is not one of the acute weight loss‐independent mechanisms through which RYGB exerts its antidiabetes effects.
Recent progress in thermal analysis of polymers: experimental techniques and a new aspect of temperature in measurement of material properties
Authors: Saruyama Yasuo , Tatsumi Soichi , Yao Haruhiko 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThermal analysis has been utilized in polymer research for a long time and its usefulness is widely recognized. High‐performance commercial instruments have driven significant progress in the thermal studies of polymers. On the other hand, new experimental instruments have been developed in laboratories as well. In this paper attention is paid to the latter category. The laboratory‐made instrument focused on the target material and/or phenomena provides data that are not available from other techniques. Experiments using the temperature modulation technique, which has been successfully utilized in laboratory‐made instruments, are introduced in this paper. The temperature modulation technique reveals a new aspect of temperature useful for studies of material properties. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
In silico engineering of graphene‐based van der Waals heterostructured nanohybrids for electronics and energy applications
Authors: Du Aijun 
Published: May 2016

The successful isolation of single‐layer graphene sheet has led to tremendous progress in the discovery of new 2D materials including boron nitride, silicene, mxene, phosphorene, and transition metal dichalcogenides. However, the practical applications based on one simple 2D material are still at very early stage. Interfacing electrically and optically active graphene with other 2D materials or crystalline substrate will form a van der Waals heterostructured nanohybrid, which is attracting growing research interest across the disciplines of physics, chemistry, and material science. Such delicate heterostructures can combine the electronic functionality from each individual 2D material, holding great promise for applications in nanoscale electronics and sustainable energy. Computational exploration of electronic functionality in 2D graphene‐based van der Waals heterostructures can offer great theoretical insights and design principle that may prove profitable for experimental synthesis and device fabrications. In this review, we highlight recent progress on modeling graphene‐based van der Waals nanohybrids using density functional theory‐based approach. Particular emphasis will be given on the design of van der Waals heterostructured nanohybrids to modulate stability, stacking geometry, band gap, quantum spin Hall effect, electrical conductivity, optical/friction properties, chemical reactivity, Schottky barrier, carbon dioxide capture, etc. We also comment on the challenges that need to be overcome and outline some interesting research opportunities for future computational exploration of electronic functionality in 2D van der Waals heterostructures. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2016, 6:551–570. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1266This article is categorized under:

Structure and Mechanism > Reaction Mechanisms and Catalysis
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science
Electronic Structure Theory > Density Functional Theory
Mantle diapirism at convergent boundaries (Sea of Japan)
Authors: Martynov Yu.A. , Golozubov V.V. , Khanchuk A.I. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
New data on geology, geochemistry, and isotope systematics of lavas in the East Sikhote-Alin area, along with earlier published evidence for the Sea of Japan, provide insights into the dynamics of back-arc basins and their role in the tectonic and magmatic history of continental margins. Right-lateral strike-slip faulting, the key event in the Cenozoic history of East Sikhote-Alin, apparently had no relation with the subduction in post-Eocene time. At that time, the Late Cretaceous subduction ended and oceanic asthenosphere with Pacific-type MORB isotope signatures injected into the subcontinental mantle through slab windows. The Sea of Japan opening began in the Eocene with formation of small rift basins in the Tatar Strait, which accumulated coastal facies. During the main Miocene phase of activity, the zone affected by oceanic asthenosphere moved eastward, i.e., to the modern deepwater Sea of Japan. The effect of oceanic asthenosphere on the continental margin ended in the Late Miocene after the Sea of Japan had opened and new subduction initiated east of the Japan Islands.
Late Paleozoic gabbroids of western Transbaikalia: U–Pb and Ar–Ar isotopic ages, composition, and petrogenesis
Authors: Tsygankov A.A. , Khubanov V.B. , Travin A.V. , Lepekhina E.N. , Burmakina G.N. , Antsiferova T.N. , Udoratina O.V. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
We provide new isotope–geochronological evidence for the synchronous occurrence of Late Paleozoic basic and granitoid magmatism in western Transbaikalia; this is a strong argument for the contribution of mantle magmas to granitoid petrogenesis. The Late Paleozoic basic rocks originated from the phlogopite–garnet-bearing lherzolitic mantle, which melted under “hydration conditions.” The specific features of Late Paleozoic magmatism in western Transbaikalia were determined by the combination of the activity of a low-energy mantle plume with the final stage of the Hercynian orogeny in space and time. At the early stage of magmatism, during the formation of the Barguzin granites, the plume had only a thermal influence on the crustal rocks heated as a result of Hercynian fold–thrust deformations. The mixing of mantle basic and crustal salic magmas at different levels marked the transition from crustal to mixed (mantle–crustal) granites, which include all post-Barguzin complexes (probably, except for alkali granites). In the geologic evolution of Transbaikalia, the Late Paleozoic magmatism was postorogenic, but it was initiated and influenced by the mantle plume.
Relationship between platinum-bearing ultramafic–mafic intrusions and large igneous provinces (exemplified by the Siberian Craton)
Authors: Mekhonoshin A.S. , Ernst R. , Söderlund U. , Hamilton M.A. , Kolotilina T.B. , Izokh A.E. , Polyakov G.V. , Tolstykh N.D. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This study aims at summarizing available geological and geochemical data on known Proterozoic platinum-bearing ultramafic-mafic massifs in the south of Siberia. Considering new data on geochemistry and geochronology of some intrusions, it was feasible to compare ore-bearing complexes of different time spans and areas and to follow their relationships with the recognized large igneous provinces. In the south of Siberia, the platinum-bearing massifs might be united into three age groups: Late Paleoproterozoic (e.g., Chiney complex, Malozadoisky massif), Late Mesoproterozoic (e.g., Srednecheremshansky massif), and Neoproterozoic (e.g., Kingash complex, Yoko-Dovyren massif, and massifs in the center of the East Sayan Mts.). In most massifs but Chiney the initial magmas are magnesium-rich. On paleogeodynamic reconstructions, the position of the studied massifs is the evidence that three most precisely dated events in North Canada continued into southern Siberia: In the period 1880–1865 Ma, it was the Ghost–Mara River–Morel LIP; at 1270–1260 Ma, the Mackenzie LIP; and at 725–720 Ma, Franklin LIP. In Siberia, the mostly productive massifs with respect to PGE–Ni–Cu mineralization are those linked with the Franklin LIP: Verkhny Kingash, Yoko-Dovyren, and central part of the Eastern Sayan Mountains, e.g., Tartay, Zhelos, and Tokty-Oy.
Proactive Risk Assessment for Ebola-Infected Patients: A Systematic Approach to Identifying and Minimizing Risk to Healthcare Personnel
Authors: Fernandez Rosemarie , Mitchell Steven , Ehrmantraut Ross , Meschke John Scott , Simcox Nancy J. , Wolz Sarah A. , Parker Sarah Henrickson 
Published: May 2016

Performing patient care while wearing high-level personal protective equipment presents risks to healthcare providers. Our failure mode effects analysis identified 81 overall risks associated with providing hygienic care and linen change to a patient with continuous watery stool. Implementation of checklists and scheduled pauses could potentially mitigate 76.5% of all risks.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2016;37:867–871
The Freedom to Exclude: The Case of Israeli Society
Authors: Tamir Michal 
Published: May 2016

The phenomenon of social exclusion in Israel is a vivid demonstration of the Basic Laws' failure to fulfil their integrative role. Despite the ‘constitutional revolution’ and the Supreme Court's ongoing endeavour over the last two decades to instil a bill of rights through its jurisprudence, Israeli society has failed to fully internalise values of equality. In terms of legal jargon, individuals continue to claim and exercise ‘sole and despotic dominion’ over their private property in order to avoid contact with individuals belonging to certain minority groups. In many cases, such behaviour in the private sphere results in exclusion from the public sphere.This phenomenon is especially astonishing considering the fact that many laws in Israel apply the right of equality to the private sphere. Furthermore, the Israeli Supreme Court has developed comprehensive human rights jurisprudence applicable to the private sphere. The gap between the law in the books and the law in action illustrates that effective implementation of human rights in the private sphere cannot be achieved solely by specific legislation or by jurisprudence that is sensitive to human rights. This argument is backed by several recent bills which preserve and enforce the exclusion of minorities, particularly of Arabs, from the public sphere. These bills illustrate that exclusion is indeed a growing phenomenon in Israeli society that cannot be overlooked. Moreover, they underscore the urgent need to entrench a direct obligation to apply human rights to the private sphere at the constitutional level. This will be achieved only when Israel adopts a full constitution.
Pragmatic inferences in context: learning to interpret contrastive prosody
Authors: KURUMADA CHIGUSA , CLARK EVE V. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCan preschoolers make pragmatic inferences based on the intonation of an utterance? Previous work has found that young children appear to ignore intonational meanings and come to understand contrastive intonation contours only after age six. We show that four-year-olds succeed in interpreting an English utterance, such as “It LOOKS like a zebra”, to derive a conversational implicature, namely [but it isn't one], as long as they can access a semantically stronger alternative, in this case “It's a zebra”. We propose that children arrive at the implicature by comparing such contextually provided alternatives. Contextually leveraged inferences generalize across speakers and contexts, and thus drive the acquisition of intonational meanings. Our findings show that four-year-olds and adults are able to bootstrap their interpretation of the contrast-marking intonation by taking into account alternative utterances produced in the same context.
Eicosapentaenoic acid attenuates dexamethasome-induced apoptosis by inducing adaptive autophagy via GPR120 in murine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Gao B , Han Y-H , Wang L , Lin Y-J , Sun Z , Lu W-G , Hu Y-Q , Li J-Q , Lin X-S , Liu B-H , Jie Q , Yang L , Luo Z-J 
Published: May 2016

AbstractLong-term use of glucocorticoids is a widespread clinical problem, which currently has no effective solution other than discontinuing the use. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA), which is largely contained in fish or fish oil, has been reported to promote cell viability and improve bone metabolism. However, little is known about the effects of EPA on dexamethasome (Dex)-induced cell apoptosis. In this study, we showed that EPA-induced autophagy of murine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (mBMMSCs). Meanwhile, EPA, but not arachidonic acid (AA), markedly inhibited Dex-induced apoptosis and promoted the viability of mBMMSCs. We also observed that EPA-induced autophagy was modulated by GPR120, but not GPR40. Further experiments showed that the mechanism of EPA-induced autophagy associated with GPR120 modulation involved an increase in the active form of AMP-activated protein kinase and a decrease in the activity of mammalian target of RAPA. The protective effect of EPA on Dex-induced apoptosis via GPR120-meditated induction of adaptive autophagy was supported by in vivo experiments. In summary, our findings may have important implications in developing future strategies to use EPA in the prevention and therapy of the side effects induced by long-term Dex-abuse.