bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opening up the NHS to market
Authors: Brookes Gavin , Harvey Kevin 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Since its implementation, the British Government’s controversial 2013 Health and Social Care Act has had far-reaching effects on health care provision in England, not least the creation of 212 regional practitioner-led clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) which are now responsible for much of the service provision across the country. Taking as an example the website of one of these new commissioning groups, this study shows that multimodal critical discourse analysis (MCDA) can reveal how health and social care matters are being increasingly framed within a corporate and neoliberal set of ideas, values, identities and social relations. Despite government assurances that the Act preserves the (non-commercial) founding values of the NHS, our MCDA provides textual evidence of the influence of neoliberal and commercial discourses operating across this particular website, which appear to be just as much about promoting an appealing corporate identity as responding to the practical, day-to-day concerns of patients.
Mutations inEBF3disturb transcriptional profiles and underlie a novel syndrome of intellectual disability, ataxia and facial dysmorphism
Authors: Harms Frederike Leonie , Girisha Katta Mohan , Hardigan Andrew A. , Kortüm Fanny , Shukla Anju , Alawi Malik , Dalal Ashwin , Brady Lauren , Tarnopolsky Mark , Bird Lynne M. , Ceulemans Sophia , Bebin Martina , Bowling Kevin M. , Hiatt Susan M. , Lose Edward J. , Primiano Michelle , Chung Wendy K. , Juusola Jane , Akdemir Zeynep C. , Bainbridge Matthew , Charng Wu-Lin , Drummond-Borg Margaret , Eldomery Mohammad K. , El-Hattab Ayman W. , Saleh Mohammed A.M. , Beziéau Stéphane , Cogné Benjamin , Isidor Bertrand , Küry Sébastien , Lupski James R. , Myers Richard M. , Cooper Gregory M. , Kutsche Kerstin 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFrom a GeneMatcher-enabled international collaboration, we identified ten individuals with intellectual disability, speech delay, ataxia and facial dysmorphism and a mutation inEBF3, encoding a transcription factor required for neuronal differentiation. Structural assessments, transactivation assays,in situfractionation, RNA-seq and ChlP-seq experiments collectively show that the mutations are deleterious and impair EBF3 transcriptional regulation. These findings demonstrate that EBF3-mediated dysregulation of gene expression has profound effects on neuronal development in humans.
Late Onset Alzheimer’s disease risk variants in cognitive decline: The PATH Through Life Study
Authors: Andrews Shea J. , Das Debjani , Anstey Kaarin J. , Easteal Simon 
Published: August 2016

AbstractRecent genome wide association studies have identified a number of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with late onset Alzheimer’s disease. Here we examine the associations of 24 LOAD risk loci, individually and collectively as a genetic risk score, with cognitive function. We used data from 1,626 non-demented older Australians of European ancestry who were examined up to four times over 12 years on tests assessing episodic memory, working memory, vocabulary and information processing speed. Linear mixed models were generated to examine associations between genetic factors and cognitive performance. Twelve SNPs were significantly associated with baseline cognitive performance (ABCA7, MS4A4E, SORL1), linear rate of change (APOE, ABCA7, INPP5D, ZCWPW1, CELF1) or quadratic rate of change (APOE, CLU, EPHA1, HLA, INPP5D, FERMT2). In addition, a weighted GRS was associated with linear rate of change in episodic memory and information processing speed. Our results suggest that a minority of AD related SNPs may be associated with non-clinical cognitive decline. Further research is required to verify these results and to examine the effect of preclinical AD in genetic association studies of cognitive decline. The identification of LOAD risk loci associated with non-clinical cognitive performance may help in screening for individuals at greater risk of cognitive decline.
The genealogical decomposition of a matrix population model with applications to the aggregation of stages
Authors: Bienvenu François , Akçay Erol , Legendre Stéphane , McCandlish David M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMatrix projection models are a central tool in many areas of population biology. In most applications, one starts from the projection matrix to quantify the asymptotic growth rate of the population (the dominant eigenvalue), the stable stage distribution, and the reproductive values (the dominant right and left eigenvectors, respectively). Any primitive projection matrix also has an associated ergodic Markov chain that contains information about the genealogy of the population. In this paper, we show that these facts can be used to specify any matrix population model as a triple consisting of the ergodic Markov matrix, the dominant eigenvalue and one of the corresponding eigenvectors. This decomposition of the projection matrix separates properties associated with lineages from those associated with individuals. It also clarifies the relationships between many quantities commonly used to describe such models, including the relationship between eigenvalue sensitivities and elasticities. We illustrate the utility of such a decomposition by introducing a new method for aggregating classes in a matrix population model to produce a simpler model with a smaller number of classes. Unlike the standard method, our method has the advantage of preserving reproductive values and elasticities. It also has conceptually satisfying properties such as commuting with changes of units.
The changing paradigm of fair trade social entrepreneurship in the United States
Authors: Cater John James , Beal Brent D. , Collins Lorna A. 
Published: August 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine why social entrepreneurs in the USA choose to operate an entirely fair trade business and the factors that affect fair trade social entrepreneurship. Fair trade seeks to benefit producers in developing countries by providing a market for their goods in developed countries. Fair trade enables all parties in the supply chain to make living wages and/or a profit.Design/methodology/approach– Using a qualitative multiple case study approach of social entrepreneurs in 35 US fair trade companies, the authors develop a model and nine propositions to explain the findings.Findings– The authors identify three primary motivational factors (ethical belief, religious faith, and business values), four contributory factors that strengthen fair trade engagement (family member involvement, the trend toward for profit status, industry professionalism, and consumer education), and three negative factors that work to discourage involvement (loss of identity, lack of industry consensus, and the shortage of retailers). The authors conclude by using the findings to consider the future of US fair trade social entrepreneurship.Research limitations/implications– The authors recognize limitations due to the sample size.Practical implications– The authors believe that fair trade is worthy of further study and increased awareness.Social implications– Increased awareness of fair trade may lead to better consumer buying decisions.Originality/value– The authors contribute to the development of theory in the study of fair trade, which has rarely been studied in the context of US social entrepreneurs.
CEO transformational and transactional leadership and organizational innovation
Authors: Prasad Bhaskar , Junni Paulina 
Published: August 2016

Purpose– Organizational innovation is critical for firm competitive advantage. Yet, we do not know enough about the relationship between leadership and organizational innovation. The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of chief executive officer (CEO) transformational and transactional leadership on organizational innovation. The authors examine the moderating role of environmental dynamism.Design/methodology/approach– The authors collected survey-based data from top management team members in 163 companies in services, construction, manufacturing and other industries in the USA. The authors used multiple regression analyses to test the study hypotheses.Findings– The empirical findings indicate that CEO transformational and transactional leadership behaviors positively influence organizational innovation. However, organizations benefit more from transformational leadership in dynamic environments.Originality/value– This study highlights the role of CEO leadership behavior in the pursuit of organizational innovation. Significantly, the study shows that both transformational and transactional leadership can enhance organizational innovation. However, their effectiveness is contingent on environmental dynamism. This contributes to the firm innovation literature by clarifying how specific types of CEO leadership influence organizational innovation in different environmental conditions.
To what extent does the Leiden manifesto also apply to altmetrics? A discussion of the manifesto against the background of research into altmetrics
Authors: Bornmann Lutz , Haunschild Robin 
Published: August 2016

Purpose– Hickset al.(2015) have formulated the so-called Leiden manifesto, in which they have assembled the ten principles for a meaningful evaluation of research on the basis of bibliometric data. The paper aims to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approach– In this work the attempt is made to indicate the relevance of the Leiden manifesto for altmetrics.Findings– As shown by the discussion of the ten principles against the background of the knowledge about and the research into altmetrics, the principles also have a great importance for altmetrics and should be taken into account in their application.Originality/value– Altmetrics is already frequently used in the area of research evaluation. Thus, it is important that the user of altmetrics data knows the relevance of the Leiden manifesto also in this area.
Noisy information and stock market returns
Authors: Li Gang 
Published: August 2016

PurposeThis paper aims to study whether noisy public information that investors receive about the expected aggregate dividend growth rate can help better understand the large average equity premium and stock return volatility in the US financial market.Design/methodology/approachThis paper considers a dynamic asset pricing model with a representative agent, who cannot observe the expected growth rate of dividends and must learn its value by using noisy information. In addition, this paper presents a simple model for noisy information calibration.FindingsWith a coefficient of relative risk aversion below 10 and the time impatience parameter between 0 and 1, the calibrated model is able to yield an average risk-free interest rate, equity premium and stock return volatility that are close to the stylized facts in the US financial market.Originality/valueFirst, this paper presents a different equilibrium model with a simple “catching up with the Joneses” preference and noisy information. Second, this paper develops a simple calibration procedure to calibrate the information process to study whether the calibrated model can help explain the large average equity premium and stock return volatility in the US financial market data.
Kinematic parameters of pure‐ and converted‐mode waves in elastic orthorhombic media
Authors: Stovas Alexey 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTI derive the kinematic properties of single‐mode P, S1, and S2 waves as well as converted PS1, PS2, and S1S2 waves in elastic orthorhombic media including vertical velocity, two normal moveout velocities defined in vertical symmetry planes, and three anelliptic parameters (two of them are defined in vertical symmetry plane and one parameter is the cross‐term one). I show that the azimuthal dependence of normal moveout velocity and anellipticity is different in phase and group domains. The effects on‐vertical‐axis singularity and on‐vertical‐axis triplication are considered for pure‐mode S1 and S2 waves and converted‐mode S1S2 waves. The conditions and properties of on‐vertical‐axis triplication are defined in terms of kinematic parameters. The results are illustrated in four homogeneous orthorhombic models and one multilayered orthorhombic model with no variation in azimuthal orientation for all the layers.
An innovative model for professional development
Authors: McMurray Sharon , O'Neill Susan , Thompson Ross 
Published: August 2016

This paper considers an innovative model of continuing professional development in addressing the needs of children with literacy difficulties, namely the Special Educational Needs Continuing Professional Development Literacy Project. Stranmillis University College, in partnership with St Mary's University College, Belfast secured £4.06 million over 3 years to enable primary school teachers in Northern Ireland to participate in an online course held in their own school, and for two teachers from each school to attend specialist face‐to‐face seminars taught at Master's level. One teacher from each school had the opportunity to complete two Master's modules and to be assessed for the award of Approved Teacher Status from the British Dyslexia Association. This project is one of the largest professional development projects to be undertaken in Northern Ireland. The project is aligned to two key Department strategies: one is to address the provision for special educational needs in mainstream schools within an inclusive school environment, and the second is to improve outcomes in literacy; a key focus is on early identification of individual needs and appropriately matched intervention. This paper discusses the design and delivery of this continuing professional development programme using this novel integrated model. It considers how this model has facilitated stronger theory‐practice links among practitioners leading to increased confidence and competence in meeting the needs of children with literacy difficulties.
Mapping the patent landscape of synthetic biology for fine chemical production pathways
Authors: Carbonell Pablo , Gök Abdullah , Shapira Philip , Faulon Jean‐Loup 
Published: August 2016

SummaryA goal of synthetic biology bio‐foundries is to innovate through an iterative design/build/test/learn pipeline. In assessing the value of new chemical production routes, the intellectual property (IP) novelty of the pathway is important. Exploratory studies can be carried using knowledge of the patent/IP landscape for synthetic biology and metabolic engineering. In this paper, we perform an assessment of pathways as potential targets for chemical production across the full catalogue of reachable chemicals in the extended metabolic space of chassis organisms, as computed by the retrosynthesis‐based algorithm RetroPath. Our database for reactions processed by sequences in heterologous pathways was screened against the PatSeq database, a comprehensive collection of more than 150M sequences present in patent grants and applications. We also examine related patent families using Derwent Innovations. This large‐scale computational study provides useful insights into the IP landscape of synthetic biology for fine and specialty chemicals production.
Emergency Department Visits for Adverse Drug Reactions Involving Alcohol: United States, 2005 to 2011
Authors: Castle I‐Jen P. , Dong Chuanhui , Haughwout Sarah P. , White Aaron M. 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundAlcohol consumption may interfere with absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of medications and increase risk of adverse drug reactions (ADR). Studies report increasing prescription medication use over time, with many U.S. drinkers using alcohol‐interactive medication. This study identified trends in incidence of U.S. emergency department (ED) visits for ADR with alcohol involvement (ADR‐A), compared characteristics and disposition between ADR‐A visits and ADR visits without alcohol involvement (ADR‐NA), and examined frequency of implicated medications in such visits for 2005 to 2011.MethodsADR visits were identified through the Drug Abuse Warning Network, a national surveillance system monitoring drug‐related ED visits. Analysis accounted for sampling design effects and sampling weights. Estimates are presented for totals (ages 12+), age group, and/or sex. Trends were assessed by joinpoint log‐linear regression. Differences between ADR‐A and ADR‐NA visits were compared using two‐tailed Rao–Scott chi‐square tests.ResultsFrom 2005 to 2011, incidence of ADR‐A visits increased for males and females ages 21 to 34 and females ages 55+. An average of 25,303 ADR‐A visits ages 12+ occurred annually. Compared with ADR‐NA visits, ADR‐A visits were more likely to involve males, patients ages 21 to 54, and 2+ implicated drugs. Alcohol involvement increased odds of more serious outcomes from ADR visits. Central nervous system (CNS) agents were the most common medications in ADR‐A visits (59.1%), with nearly half being analgesics (mainly opioid). About 13.8% of ADR‐A visits involved psychotherapeutic agents, including antidepressants. Besides CNS and psychotherapeutic agents, ADR‐A visits involved a higher percentage of genitourinary‐tract agents (mainly for impotence) than ADR‐NA visits. Sex and age variations were observed with certain implicated medications.ConclusionsED visits for alcohol–drug interactions can be prevented by avoiding alcohol when taking alcohol‐interactive medications. Our results underscore the need for healthcare professionals to routinely ask patients about alcohol consumption and warn of ADR risks before prescribing and dispensing alcohol‐interactive medications.
Outcome after ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis in ulcerative colitis patients: experience during a 27‐year period
Authors: Tonelli Francesco , Giudici Francesco , Di Martino Carmela , Scaringi Stefano , Ficari Ferdinando , Addasi Rami 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundNo previous study describes the postoperative outcome and functional results after ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis (IPAA), performed in ulcerative colitis by the same surgical team with the different anastomotic techniques adopted in a 27‐year period.MethodsProspectively, consecutive 333 ulcerative colitis patients operated adopting different IPAA techniques during the open surgery period 1984–2011 were enrolled. IPAA was performed using single stapling (SS) technique in 38 patients, double stapling (DS) technique in 235 patients (TIA stapler 42 patients, Endo‐GIA 131 patients, Contour 62 patients) and handsewn IPAA in 60 patients.ResultsStatistically different early and late complications were recorded among the different IPAA techniques. A lower frequency of daily and nocturnal defecations and a higher level of continence were observed in the DS‐IPAA compared to handsewn IPAA. The distance between the anastomotic line and the anal verge was significantly lower in DS Endo‐GIA or DS Contour groups than in the DS TIA and SS. In SS IPAA group, 31.6% developed cuffitis compared to 14.4% belonging to DS group, at a mean follow‐up of 140.4 months.ConclusionsTechnical improvements changed the IPAA technique. Stapled IPAA is characterized by better functional outcome than handsewn IPAA. DS Endo‐GIA and Contour IPAA are followed by lower risk of cuffitis.
Mini‐breast reconstruction with an omental flap: a retrospective clinical study
Authors: Kim Hoon , Yoon Chi Sun , Lee Hoon Bum , Ko Byung Kyun , Kim Gyu Yeol , Kim Kyu Nam 
Published: August 2016

IntroductionPotential challenges associated with immediate small breast reconstruction include an inadequate size of the donor site, a thinner skin envelope and limited selection of implants. We present immediate postmastectomy reconstruction of small breasts with a laparoscopically harvested pedicled omental flap (LHPOF) in five Korean women.MethodsFrom December 2014 to July 2015, we performed immediate postmastectomy reconstruction with an LHPOF in five breast cancer patients. Data on the patients’ age; body mass index; tumour size; site, type and weight of the mastectomy specimen; operative time; hospital stay; complications; postoperative chemotherapy or radiation therapy; and follow‐up duration were reviewed in this retrospective clinical study.ResultsThe mean mastectomy specimen weight was 212 g (range: 104–272 g). The mean operative time was 298 min (range: 240–380 min), and the mean harvesting time was 75 min (range: 65–90 min). There were no flap‐related complications such as fat necrosis or flap loss and no donor site‐related complications such as bowel dysfunction, an epigastric bulge or hernia during the follow‐up period (average: 8.2 months, range: 5–11 months). The cosmetic results were satisfactory.DiscussionThe LHPOF can be useful for immediate postmastectomy reconstruction of small breasts, because it provides a soft and naturally ptotic appearance of the reconstructed breast (versus implant‐based reconstruction) with low donor‐site morbidity (versus other autologous tissue reconstruction approaches).
Teaching an old game new tricks: Long‐term feedback on a re‐designed online role play
Authors: Hardy Mat , Totman Sally 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDespite an extensive history of use in teaching Political Science subjects, long‐term scholarly studies of online role plays are uncommon. This paper redresses that balance by presenting five years of data on the Middle East Politics Simulation. This online role play has been run since the 1990s and underwent significant technical upgrade in 2013–14. The data presented here covers student feedback to this upgrade process and the factors that can influence their response. Key indications are that students tend to recognise when something is fit (or not) for its purpose and will forgo attractive and well‐appointed online environments if the underlying learning exercise is valued. However, there are limits to this minimalism and whilst designers do not need to replicate every Internet trend, attention needs to be paid to broader changes in technology, such as access platform and changing avenues of political communication. The study demonstrates that long‐term monitoring of online role play exercises is important to allow informed changes to be implemented and their impacts properly assessed.