bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge assessment for the management of patients with cleft lip and palate among dental and medical interns and practitioners in Medina, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Othman Ahmad Abdulfattah , Alassaf Muath Saad , Mulla Abduljabbar Khalil , Almohammadi Anwar Abdulkarim , Aljayyar Abdullah Waleed , Qazali Ahmad A. , Alsulaimani Mahmoud , Abdouh Ismail Mahmoud 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is a common developmental anomaly in the head-and-neck region that can be syndromic or nonsyndromic. Various therapeutic procedures can be addressed to manage patients with CLP; hence, awareness about CLP is warranted.

Aims:
This study aims to identify the level of knowledge among dental and medical health-care professionals regarding the management of patients with CLP in Medina.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online-based self-administrated questionnaire. The sampling was convenient with snowball effect; the questionnaire was sent to eligible participants (n = 228). It was divided into four sections regarding demographic data and knowledge questions regarding the management of patients with cleft lip/palate.

Results and Discussion:
About 44.3% disagreed that CLP is always associated with syndromes, whereas only 34.65% and 36.4% were aware of a method to examine for the presence of transverse and/or anteroposterior restriction of maxillary growth, respectively. The responses highlighted moderate level of knowledge regarding the relationship between CLP, associated problems, and the treatment needed. The total knowledge score was 26.83 (7.65) and was significantly higher among participants in the dental field compared to other participants in the medical field (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
The present study highlighted the need to enhance the level of knowledge regarding CLP among dental and medical health-care professionals. Early diagnosis is essential for better treatment outcomes and could influence good prognosis and enhance the quality of life of patients. Hence, improving the knowledge regarding CLP and its management is warranted.
A comparative clinical evaluation of plaque removal efficacy of a chewable toothpaste tablet with conventional toothpaste in children – A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Padmanabh Shital Kiran Davangere , Makhiya Mavaddah , Mulchandani Vinay , Jhamb Vikram , Trivedi Malay , Upendrabhai Mira Jani 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
One of the most important causative factors in the onset of dental caries and periodontal disorders is dental plaque. Mouthwashes and dentifrices, such as toothpaste, are examples of chemical plaque management treatments. Toothpaste is the most widely utilized oral health preventive measure. Dentifrices containing 950 PPM of fluoride have recently been developed as tablets. Tablets are a promising substitute for toothpaste.

Aim:
This study aimed to compare the plaque removal efficacy of a novel chewable toothpaste tablet and a traditional toothpaste in children aged 6–12 years old.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 128 children aged 6–12 years old were randomly split into two equal groups, with 64 subjects were given chewable toothpaste tablets and the other 64 received conventional toothpaste. The efficacy of a novel chewable toothpaste tablet with traditional toothpaste was compared, and the modified plaque index was measured at baseline at 0 weeks and after 4 weeks.

Results and Discussion:
A total of 127 children were evaluated out of a total of 128. Between baseline and 4 weeks, there was a statistically significant difference in mean plaque scores within groups (P = 0.001). At 4 weeks, there was a statistically significant difference (P = 0.001) between the chewable tablet and toothpaste groups.

Conclusion:
Due to the convenience of use for children and the unique type of toothpaste, chewable toothpaste tablets show a higher efficacy of plaque removal than conventional toothpaste. A chewable toothpaste tablet could be a viable alternative to conventional toothpaste for children's oral health.
Association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic periodontal disease: An observational study
Authors: Gurjar Soniya , Choudhary Ruchika , Setia Shubham , Khetan Jitender 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic periodontitis share common risk factors and evidence exists showing an association between the two conditions.

Aims:
This retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the gingival and periodontal status of patients having COPD and their comparison with nondiseased individuals.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective study recruited 60 patients (30–60 years) with COPD (Group A) and 60 healthy controls (Group B). Patients having cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hypertension, and other comorbid illnesses except COPD were excluded from the study. A complete general physical and medical examination of all the patients was completed, case history was recorded, and investigations such as total blood count, chest X-ray, and pulmonary function tests were undertaken. Each patient’s gingival and periodontal status as evaluated by an experienced periodontist and oral hygiene simplified index, gingival index (GI) (Loe and silliness), and periodontal index (PI) (Russell’s) were recorded.

Results and Discussion:
Group A patients were significantly older than Group B. There was no statistically significant difference in both groups concerning gender. Group A had 45%, whereas, in Group B, 36.7% of the patients had lower socioeconomic status. In Group A, a higher body mass index >30 kg/m2 was observed in 38.6% of the patients as compared to 26.9% in Group B (P > 0.05). In Group A, higher values of oral hygiene simplified index (2.97 ± 0.02), mean GI (1.96 ± 0.01), and mean PI (4.85 ± 0.01) were observed as compared to Group B (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
The study supports an association between COPD and chronic periodontitis. Early detection and treatment of chronic periodontitis may benefit patients with COPD.
Comparison of the London Atlas method with Cameriere's method of age estimation in South Indian children
Authors: Peedikayil Faizal C. , Chandran Sruthi , Kottayi Soni , Purakkal Aparna T. , Aravind Athira , John Seena 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
Age estimation is an essential component of forensic science where age is a factor. Dental age is regarded as a reliable, simple, and quick method of determining age in children. The London Atlas of human tooth development and eruption is a recently proposed age estimation method.

Aim:
The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the accuracy of the London Atlas of tooth Development with Cameriere's method of age estimation in relation to chronological age.

Materials and Methods:
Panoramic radiographs of 200 healthy individuals between 5 and 15 years were assessed using the simple sampling method. The chronological ages were recorded based on the data on the medical records. The data obtained were analyzed using the SPSS software version 22.0 and expressed in terms of mean and standard deviation.

Results and Discussion:
The results show that there is no statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between the data were obtained for London Atlas age estimation and Cameriere's method. The London Atlas method is easier in calculating as it is a software-based program.

Conclusions:
The London atlas method of age estimation is an accurate method of age estimation in the South Indian population.
Comparative evaluation of the sealing ability of custom adapted fiber posts and prefabricated fiber posts
Authors: Mezied Maha Sulaiman , Alsulaiman Nada , Alibrahim Haya , Aburaisi Dana , Alassiri Shahad , Alshawaf Sereen , Aburaisi Sarah 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
An intra-radicular post is often used to reinforce weakened endodontically treated teeth where the remaining tooth structure is incapable of supporting and maintaining the restoration and core material.

Aim:
To compare the micro-leakage of teeth restored with a custom adapted fiber post restored with composite resin and those with prefabricated fiber post in single rooted teeth.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty sound single rooted teeth were collected and decoronated then endodontically treated. Specimens were divided into two groups (n = 15), which were restored using Prefabricated Fiber Post Group 1 (control), and Custom Adapted Fiber Post group 2 (experimental). The posts were cemented using dual cure resin cement. The specimens were exposed to 1,500 thermal cyclic loads then immersed in 2% methylene blue dye for 48 hours. Afterwards, the specimens were sectioned longitudinally, and micro-leakage was measured using a digital microscope. Statistical analysis was done using Chi-Square test and Mann-Whitney U for post micro-leakage comparison (α = 0.05).

Results and Discussion:
Specimens relined using composite resin (Group 2) showed an overall greater number of micro-leakage than group 1 (control), however, the Chi-Square test showed that the differences were not statistically significant (Chi-Square =1.071, p=0.438) and the Mann-Whitney U test showed that there were no significant differences between the groups.

Conclusion:
No significant difference was found between the sealing ability between custom adapted fiber posts and prefabricated fiber posts. This gives rise to the freedom of choice for the practitioner as well as the patient in treatment planning and decision making.
Determination of clinical efficiency of pediatric rotary file systems for root canal preparation in primary molars - A comparative study
Authors: Babu K. L. Girish , Kavyashree G. , Doddamani Geeta Maruti 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
To meet the demand of pediatric endodontists, exclusive pediatric rotary file systems have been recently introduced by the manufactures. However, no study has been conducted to compare the clinical efficiency between pediatric rotary file systems.

Aim:
To determine the clinical efficiency (instrumentation time, obturation time, quality of obturation and postoperative pain) of two pediatric rotary file systems following the root canal preparation of primary molars.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 75 primary molars requiring pulpectomy were selected from children aged 4 to 7 years. These teeth were divided into three groups of 25 teeth each. In the first, second, and third groups, the cleaning and shaping of the root canals were carried out with Pedo-Flex pediatric rotary files (Group PF), Kedo-S pediatric rotary files (Group KS), and, manual nickel-titanium K-files (Group MF), respectively. Obturation was carried out with zinc oxide eugenol cement with an engine-driven Lentulo spiral. The instrumentation and obturation times were recorded. The quality of the root filling was radiographically assessed immediately after obturation. The postoperative pain was evaluated at time intervals of 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 h, and 1 week.

Results and Discussion:
The instrumentation and obturation times were significantly less with the use of pediatric rotary file systems compared to the manual file system. The quality of obturation was superior in the root canals instrumented with pediatric rotary file systems compared to manual files. There was decreased postoperative pain with the use of pediatric rotary file systems as compared to manual files. In all three groups, postoperative pain decreased over time. The optimally filled root canals showed a significant correlation with the absence of postoperative pain.

Conclusions:
The use of pediatric rotary file systems for root canal instrumentation of primary molars resulted in the superior quality of obturation in decreased instrumentation and obturating times with the least postoperative pain. The overfilled root canals were not associated with significant postoperative pain.
Mucormycosis, COVID-19, and immunosuppression – The three sides of similar triangle
Authors: Sharma Amit Kumar , Gupta Akshat , Singh Vijayata Jayprakash , Gabhane Chetna Kishor , Modi Mahek 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
More than two years into the COVID 19 pandemic, medical fraternity each day is facing renewed challenges. Mucormycosis has historically been prevalent in the various parts of world but did not had any diagnostic opportunity before the turn of 20th century. Immunosuppression in any form was always and will forever be the most important ingredients in this disease recipe. Minimally invasive diagnoses with aggressive antimicrobials in addition to the removal of immunosuppression factor are the golden standard of treatment, as oral and maxillofacial surgeons we acknowledge that surgical debridement and various other relatively newer adjunctive therapies have overall reduced the fatal outcomes for such a lethal disease.

Aim:
This review article focuses on gathering data in relation to immunosuppression due to whatsoever reason and pathogenesis, management, and chance of positive prognosis for patient suffering from mucormycosis . Including surgical and prosthetic options which ascertain descent quality of life for the patient.

Materials and Methods:
Existing data compilation including the latest research and co-relation of various types of immunosuppression as a nidus for mucormycosis, including the role of novel covid-19 from all relevant electronic databases.

Results:
Definite co-relation has been stablished for diabetes melitus and covid-19 and speculative co-relation for various types of malignancy and various conditions.

Discussion:
A strong immunity is an antagonist for mucormycosis, and new advances in field of medicine and surgery have changed the grim look of past where this disease had a 50% mortality rate.

Conclusion:
Existing literature supports immunosuppression in any form as a nidus for mucormycosis, still further, elaborate research and development is required for identifying the particular cocktail for different diseases process.
Evaluation of the cleaning efficacy of a normal toothbrush and a manual U shaped toothbrush in children aged 8–10 years: A randomized crossover trial
Authors: Padmanabh Shital Kiran Davangere , Gangurde Vishakha Bhausaheb 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Plaque removal rates are influenced by toothbrush design as well as brushing methods.

Aim:
The study aimed to determine the efficacy of a manual U-shaped toothbrush when compared to a regular toothbrush in removing dental plaque from teeth in children aged 8–10 years.

Materials and Methods:
Our research included 40, 8–10-year-old children. Stage I included days 0–7, while Stage II covered days 8–15. A disclosing agent was used to identify and score the dental plaque. During Stage I of the study, Group I was given a regular toothbrush, and Group II was given a U-shaped toothbrush. During Stage II of the study, the cross-over of interventions was carried out. Loe-Silness gingival index and Turesky modification of the Quigley-Hein index were measured on the 8th and 16th day. Unpaired t-test/independent samples t-test were performed for comparison between the groups.

Results:
The intergroup evaluation of plaque scores on various surfaces between the two groups revealed statistically significant differences (P = 0.05) between the mean plaque scores at stage I on the labial surface (P = 0.001) and the lingual surface (P = 0.002) between the two groups. Comparing gingival health scores of various surfaces between the two groups, mesial, labial, distal, and lingual surfaces revealed statistically significant differences (P = 0.05) at stage II and lingual surfaces at stage I and stage II, respectively.

Conclusion:
The experimental U-shape toothbrush significantly reduced the extent of plaque on the lingual surfaces and improved the gingival index scores, which helped improve gingival health and oral hygiene.
Antimicrobial efficacy of superoxide water as an intracanal irrigant in primary anterior teeth against facultative anaerobes: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Chari Deepika Narasimha , Dave Bhavna Haresh 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
There is always a call for a search for an irrigating solution that can mask the disadvantages and simultaneously have antimicrobial action when used in root canals (RCs) at par with that of the most commonly used irrigants.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of superoxide water (SOW) to 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX-G) when used as RC irrigants in primary anterior teeth against facultative anaerobes.

Materials and Methods:
A triple-blinded randomized clinical trial was carried out among children between the age groups of 3 and 7 years. Sixty teeth were randomly grouped into three groups: Group I: 1% NaOCl irrigation, Group II: 2% CHX-G irrigation, and Group III: SOW. Pre- and postirrigation samples using the paper points were sent to the microbial laboratory for the culture. Chi-square analysis and analysis of variance were carried out to find the significance of study parameters on the categorical scale and between the groups, respectively.

Results:
All the three irrigating solutions showed a statistically significant reduction in the microbial count of facultative anaerobes when pre- and postirrigating samples were compared.

Conclusion:
All the three solutions had almost similar antimicrobial efficacy. SOW was found to have similar effects on facultative anaerobes as that of NaOCl. Hence, SOW can be used as an alternative to NaOCl in the pediatric population.
Influence of herbal medicine in periodontics
Authors: Aditya Vangara , Vandana Kharidhi Laxman 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
The nonsurgical treatment for periodontitis includes scaling and root planning and the use of antimicrobial agents. Patients with periodontitis are now being treated with supplementary antimicrobials as a result of a growing understanding of the infectious nature of periodontal diseases. The use of herbs in the treatment of periodontitis is growing as an adjunct to nonsurgical modes of treatment, either in single herb or polyherbal therapy.
Exposure and perception of general surgery residents' toward robotic-assisted surgeries in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Yousef Zeyad , Marie Sarah , Gheshayan Sultanah Bin 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
Robotic surgery is one of the rapidly expanding technologies in the field of medicine. It has been implemented since 2000; and its use has expanded over the past years. Da Vinci system was first introduced to the Middle East in 2003 by Saudi Arabia; then over the following 15 years it was utilized by other gulf countries. With the expanding knowledge of this technology and the effectiveness of its utilization; formal training programs were introduced by many hospitals. However; there are no established credentialing standards or well-structured curriculum to provide this training in the gulf region.

Method:
This we aim to understand the perception of general surgery residents toward robotic surgery training in tertiary care centers in Riyadh; Saudi Arabia. An anonymous web based survey was conducted on general surgery residents enrolled in Saudi Commission for health specialties approved residency training hospitals in Riyadh.

Results:
50% of GS residents were involved in robotic assisted surgery which was significantly associated with the presence of robotic machines in their training centers (P0.025). Sixty Percent of residents who were involved in RAS did not receive a formal training prior to their participation, barely even a brief introduction.

Conclusion:
exposure and education about RAS at early training years showed that residents have better technical performance during their fellowship training. However, it should not the main focus of the training.
Influence of thickness difference on color change of contemporary Computer Aided Designing/Computer Aided Manufacturing glass-ceramic materials
Authors: El Shazely Ahmed A. , Kamel Mohamed S.M. , Hasnain Fatma A. 
Published: September 2024

Purpose
To study the effect of thickness difference on color change of glass ceramic materials.

Patients and methods
Sixty three specimens were divided according to type of the material into three groups (n = 21) as follow Leucite based glass-ceramic (IPS Empress CAD), lithium disilicate based glass ceramic (IPS EMAX CAD), zirconia reinforced glass ceramic (celtra duo) and each group was further subdivided into three subgroups according to thickness (0.7, 1, 1.2 mm) seven each. The specimens were sawed by using linear precision saw, were square in shape and their dimension was 10 mm of length, 10 mm of width and three difference thicknesses (0.7, 1, 1.2 mm). The final thickness of specimens was confirmed with a digital caliper for standardization. Each group of specimens was finished according to its material manufacturer instruction, Cary 5000 Spectrophotometer provided from Agilent Technologies was used to measure color difference. One-way analysis of variance used to compare materials after glazing, multiple comparison Tukey test to compare each two materials.

Results
There was significant difference between all groups. At color width 0.7 and 1 mm, Celtra duo recorded the lowest color difference value while Empress recorded the highest color difference value. There was highly significant difference after glazing between materials where P value more than 0,001. At color width 0.7 and 1.2 mm, there was a highly significant difference after glazing between materials where P value is 0.001. Celtra duo showed the lowest color difference value while Emax and Empress showed equal values where P value more than 0.993. At color width 1 and 1.2 mm, Empress recorded the lowest color difference while Emax recorded the highest value. There was a highly significant difference between Emax versus Empress and Celtra duo versus Empress where P value was 0.001. On the other hand there was no significance recorded between Emax vs celtra duo where (P > 0.984).

Conclusion
Masking abilities of glass ceramic are affected by ceramic thicknesses, background colors. The masking ability of glass ceramics tends to improve with greater thickness, while translucency decreased.
Effect of aging on microhardness of nanocomposite compared to conventional resin-based pit and fissure sealants
Authors: Mahmoud Hossam M. , Sheta Mai S. 
Published: September 2024

Aim
The aim of this in vitro study was to compare effect aging on microhardness of nanocomposite compared to conventional resin-based pit and fissure sealants.

Materials and methods
A total of 50 caries-free and intact permanent mandibular third molars were randomly divided into two groups (n = 25) according to the material used for pit and fissure sealants as follows: group I: flowable nanofilled composite (Polofil NHT flow). Group II: conventional resin-based fissure sealant Eco-S sealant. Each tooth was sectioned mesiodistally into two halves. One half was assigned to the immediate subgroup, and the other half was assigned to the aged subgroup by thermocycling. Vickers microhardness test was utilized to measure the microhardness of the different sealant materials immediately and after aging by thermocycling.

Result
The result of the study revealed that mean microhardness of nanofilled sealant before and after thermos-cycling was higher than that of conventional resin sealant.

Conclusion
Microhardness of nanofilled fissure sealant material not affected by aging with better mechanical properties.