bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lycopene inhibits regulator of calcineurin 1‐mediated apoptosis by reducing oxidative stress and down‐regulating Nucling in neuronal cells
Authors: Lim Seiyoung , Hwang Sinwoo , Yu Ji Hoon , Lim Joo Weon , Kim Hyeyoung 
Published: December 2016

ScopeRegulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) is located on the Down syndrome critical region (DSCR) locus in human chromosome 21. Oxidative stress and overexpression of RCAN1 are implicated in neuronal impairment in Down's syndrome (DS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Serum level of lycopene, an antioxidant pigment, is low in DS and AD patients, which may be related to neuronal damage. The present study is to investigate whether lycopene inhibits apoptosis by reducing ROS levels, NF‐κB activation, expression of the apoptosis regulator Nucling, cell viability, and indices of apoptosis (cytochrome c release, caspase‐3 activation) in RCAN1‐overexpressing neuronal cells.Methods and resultsCells transfected with either pcDNA or RCAN1 were treated with or without lycopene. Lycopene decreased intracellular and mitochondrial ROS levels, NF‐κB activity, and Nucling expression while it reversed decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial respiration, and glycolytic function in RCAN1‐overexpressing cells. Lycopene inhibited cell death, DNA fragmentation, caspase‐3 activation, and cytochrome c release in RCAN1‐overexpressing cells.ConclusionLycopene inhibits RCAN1‐mediated apoptosis by reducing ROS levels and by inhibiting NF‐κB activation, Nucling induction, and the increase in apoptotic indices in neuronal cells. Consumption of lycopene‐rich foods may prevent oxidative stress‐associated neuronal damage in some pathologic conditions such as DS or AD.
Theoretical study addressing the effects of tautomerism and explicit/implicit water molecules on NQR and NMR parameters of tetrazole‐5‐thione
Authors: Tahan Arezoo 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDFT/B3LYP calculations were employed to study the effects of tautomerism and explicit/implicit water molecules on Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) tensors of nitrogen nuclei in tetrazole‐5‐thione structure. The obtained results revealed that nuclear quadrupole coupling constant (χ) and isotropic chemical shielding (σiso) values of nitrogen nuclei in tetrazole ring of five possible tautomeric forms of tetrazole‐5‐thione, i.e. two thione forms called tautomers A and E and three thiol forms called tautomers B, C, and D, were functions of resonance energy(E2) values of nitrogen lone pairs. Furthermore, it was observed that by increasing participation of lone pairs of nitrogen atoms in the ring resonance interactions, the σiso values around them were increased, while their χ and qzz values were decreased. However, the results indicated that with exception of tautomer B, the order of qzz and χ values of nitrogen nuclei in tetrazole ring was exactly opposite of the order of resonance energy values for the same nitrogen nuclei in all tautomers and their mono‐hydrated complexes. In addition, a significant decrease was noticed in χ and qzz values when a water molecule was put in different positions near the tetrazole ring in tautomers A–E. The mentioned result can be attributed to hydrogen bond formation between nitrogen nuclei and the oxygen of water. In mono‐hydrated complexes, the σiso values around nitrogen atoms acting as hydrogen donors in hydrogen bond formation (N―H….OH2) were decreased, while its values were increased for nitrogen atoms acting as hydrogen acceptors in hydrogen bond formation(N….H―OH). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bias in carnivore diet analysis resulting from misclassification of predator scats based on field identification
Authors: Morin Dana J. , Higdon Summer D. , Holub Jennifer L. , Montague David M. , Fies Michael L. , Waits Lisette P. , Kelly Marcella J. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTDiet studies are frequently used to improve understanding of predator ecology, potential effects of carnivores on prey populations, and competition among predators. However, field identification of carnivore scat typically relies on scat morphology, size, and contents resulting in possible subjective predator identification and potentially biased results. Advancements in noninvasive genetic sampling allow for molecular identification of predator scat, eliminating many issues associated with field identification methods. We collected scat samples once per month from June 2011 to May 2012 in western Virginia, USA, using morphological characteristics for field identification of the predator. We then used mitochondrial DNA to identify the predator species of each scat and identified prey remains visually. Using confusion matrices, we found a range of accuracy in field identification for the 3 target species: coyotes (Canis latrans; 54.0%), bobcats (Lynx rufus; 57.1%), and black bears (Ursus americanus; 95.2%), even though we only considered samples with high‐confidence field identification. We found a high coyote false‐positive rate (52.7%), indicating we often incorrectly identified scats as coyote (98% of misidentified bobcat scats and 75% of misidentified black bear scats were recorded as coyote in the field). This asymmetrical bias in predator identification resulted in inaccurate estimates of dietary niche breadth and overlap between competitors. Our results suggest that caution should be exercised when interpreting results from studies in which carnivore species are identified by scat morphology. Future studies should employ noninvasive genetic sampling for carnivore scat identification, especially in areas with sympatric predator species that have similar scat morphology. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Relationship Between Long-term Flooding and Serious Mental Illness After the 2011 Flood in Thailand
Authors: Yoda Takeshi , Yokoyama Katsunori , Suzuki Hiromi , Hirao Tomohiro 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to evaluate the long-term psychological effects of the 2011 flood in Thailand on flood victims and unaffected residents, taking into account risk factors such as floodwater levels in the house, period of flooding, and disruption to essential services.MethodsSurveys were conducted in Salaya and Nakhon Chaisri subdistrict, Nakhonpatom Province, from May to June 2012. Approximately 400 households were selected. Measures of sociodemographic variables, exposure to flooding, incidents (eg, disruption of services), and outcome variables (Kessler 10) were recorded.ResultsA total of 407 respondents completed the survey. The results of the univariate analysis showed that possible serious mental illness was approximately 1.5 times higher in flood victims than in unaffected respondents. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, significant associations were found for disruption of essential services and hypertension or diabetes with possible serious mental illness.ConclusionsDisruption of essential services and chronic illness may affect psychological distress among flood victims. Public health agencies should develop and evaluate strategies to improve risk communication and psychological support for flood victims. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:300–304).
Outbreak ofKlebsiella pneumoniaeCarbapenemase–ProducingCitrobacter freundiiat a Tertiary Acute Care Facility in Miami, Florida
Authors: Jiménez Adriana , Castro José G. , Munoz-Price L. Silvia , de Pascale Dennise , Shimose Luis , Mustapha Mustapha M. , Spychala Caressa N. , Mettus Roberta T. , Cooper Vaughn S. , Doi Yohei 
Published: December 2016

OBJECTIVETo describe the investigation and control of a rare cluster ofKlebsiella pneumoniaecarbapenemase–producingCitrobacter freundiiin a hospital in southern Florida.METHODSAn epidemiologic investigation, review of infection prevention procedures, and molecular studies including whole genome sequencing were conducted.RESULTSAn outbreak ofK. pneumoniaecarbapenemase–3-producingC. freundiiwas identified at a tertiary hospital in Florida in 2014. Of the 6 cases identified, 3 occurred in the same intensive care unit and were caused by the same clone. For 2 of the 3 remaining cases, the isolates had low carbapenem minimum inhibitory concentrations and were unrelated by whole genome sequencing. As a response to the outbreak, supplementary environmental cleaning was implemented, including closure and terminal cleaning of the unit where the 3 cases clustered, in addition to the infection control bundle already in place at the time. No further cases were identified after these additional interventions.CONCLUSIONSAlthoughC. freundiiis not a species that commonly demonstrates carbapenem resistance, our findings suggest that carbapenemase-producingC. freundiimay be underdetected even when active surveillance is in place and has a potential to cause hospital outbreak.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2017;38:320–326
Note on the limitations of the Theodorsen and Sears functions
Authors: Cordes Ulrike , Kampers G. , Meißner T. , Tropea C. , Peinke J. , Hölling M. 
Published: December 2016

Two transfer functions for the unsteady lift response of an airfoil under attached flow conditions are experimentally investigated: the Theodorsen function for an airfoil oscillating in a constant free stream and the Sears function for a steady airfoil encountering a sinusoidal vertical gust. A two-dimensional airfoil with a Clark Y profile is submitted to two different unsteady excitations of distinct frequencies: a pitching oscillation around the leading edge and a sinusoidal vertical gust. The reduced frequency of the perturbation is in the range of $0.025<k<0.3$ and the Reynolds number of the undisturbed flow is in the range of $120\,000<\mathit{Re}<300\,000$. While the Theodorsen function is found to be a good estimator for the unsteady lift at moderate mean angles of attack, the Sears function does not capture the experimental transfer functions in frequency dependence or in limiting values. A second-order model provided by Atassi (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 141, 1984, pp. 109–122) agrees well with the experimental transfer function.
Reliability of basal plasma vasopressin concentrations in healthy male adults
Authors: Quintana Daniel S. , Westlye Lars T. , Smerud Knut T. , Mahmoud Ramy A. , Djupesland Per G. , Andreassen Ole A. 
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveThe neuropeptides oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) play important and interrelated roles in modulating mammalian social behaviour. While the OT system has received considerable research attention for its potential to treat psychiatric symptoms, comparatively little is known about the role of the AVP system in human social behaviour. To better understand the intraindividual stability of basal AVP, the present study assessed the reproducibility of basal plasma AVP concentrations.MethodsBasal plasma AVP was assessed at four sampling points separated by 8 days, on average, in 16 healthy adult males.ResultsOnly one out of six comparisons revealed strong evidence for reproducibility of basal AVP concentrations (visit 2 vs. visit 4:r=0.8,p<0.001; all other comparisonsp>0.1). The concordance correlation coefficient [0.15, 95% CI (−0.55, 0.73)] also revealed poor overall reproducibility.ConclusionPoor reliability of basal AVP concentrations suggests future work covarying AVP with trait markers should proceed with careful consideration of intraindividual fluctuations.
Assessment of polymorphisms in mysostatin gene and their allele substitution effects showed weak association with growth traits in Iranian Markhoz goats
Authors: KHANI K. , ABDOLMOHAMMADI A. , FOROUTANIFAR S. , ZEBARJADI A. 
Published: December 2016

SUMMARYPolymorphisms in the myostatin (MSTN) gene were detected in 150 female Iranian Markhoz goats. Two 573 base pairs (bp) and 475 bp fragments of the MSTN gene, which contains a deletion 5 bp indel (206 TTTTA/), in the region of exon 1 encoding the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of the MSTN transcript, and two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of substitution (339T/A, 169T/G) in exon 1 and 3 regions, respectively, were amplified. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products were digested separately using restriction enzyme endonuclease DraI, HinIII and HindIII. The digestion results indicated AA and AB genotypes in the region of exon 1 encoding the 5′UTR of the MSTN transcript, AA, AT and TT genotypes in exon 1 and TT, TG and GG genotypes in exon 3. The SNPs loci were in Hardy–Weinberg disequilibrium but the deletion locus showed equilibrium in the Markhoz goat population. Evaluation of associations between the polymorphisms with the studied growth traits showed that the AA and GG genotypes of exons 1 and 3 have a significant positive effect on weight at 6 months of age (W6) and average daily gain (ADG) traits, but genotypes in the region of exon 1 encoding the 5′UTR of the MSTN transcript did not have any significant effect on the studied growth traits. The statistical analyses showed a positive and significant effect of the 339A allele (exon 1) for W6 and negative and significant effect of the 169G allele (exon 3) for ADG trait. Therefore, these results suggest that the MSTN gene could be a potential candidate gene that affects ADG and W6 traits in goats. More studies are needed to simultaneously consider variants of this region in a larger population to better understand MSTN gene effects on the economic traits in goat.
New Trypetheliaceae from northern and southern Atlantic rainforests in Brazil
Authors: APTROOT André , MENDONÇA Cléverton de Oliveira , ANDRADE Danyelly Santos , SILVA Jeanne dos Reis , MARTINS Suzana Maria de Azevedo , GUMBOSKI Emerson , FRAGA Carlos Augusto Vidigal , CÁCERES Marcela Eugenia da Silva 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe following 16 new species of Trypetheliaceae are described from Brazil: Astrothelium aeneoides Aptroot, differing from A. aeneum by the absence of pigment on the thallus, but medulla of pseudostroma K+ blood red and ascospores 3-septate, lumina diamond-shaped; A. curvatum Aptroot & M. Cáceres with immersed pyriform ascomata with lateral ostioles and bent, muriform ascospores, 74–90×25–34 μm; A. globosum Aptroot & M. Cáceres with immersed ascomata, thallus consisting of nearly globose warts and ascospores 3-septate, 35–40×11–13 μm; A. graphicum Aptroot & S. M. A. Martins with an extended, reticulate pseudostroma, which is lower than the slightly bullate thallus, orange pruina on the thallus and pseudostroma and ascospores muriform, 60–66×12–16 µm; A. longisporum Aptroot, J. R. Silva & M. Cáceres, which differs from A. megaspermum by the eccentric ostioles and the 8 instead of 4 ascospores per ascus; A. macrostomum Aptroot which is similar to A. eustomum (Mont.) Müll. Arg., but differing by the 5–7-septate ascospores 65–85×16–19 μm.; A. megeustomum Aptroot & Fraga Júnior which is similar to Astrothelium eustomum, but with muriform ascospores 117–125×17–21 μm; A. pictum Aptroot with 5-septate ascospores, red crystals in the pseudostroma medulla and lichexanthone in the thallus; A. rubrocrystallinum Aptroot & M. Cáceres which is similar to A. annulare, but with copious red crystals in a thick layer around the ascomata and ascospores 22–27×7–9 μm; A. simplex Aptroot & S. M. A. Martins with 3-septate ascospores and a very rough thallus, differing from A. sinuosum by the lack of lichexanthone; A. sinuosum Aptroot & Gumboski with an ostiolar UV+ yellow reaction, bullate thallus and a wavy gelatinous sheath around the ascospores; A. tetrasporum Aptroot & M. Cáceres which is similar to A. puiggarii, but differs by the non-inspersed hamathecium and the ascus that contains only 4 ascospores; Polymeridium endoflavens Aptroot, D. S. Andrade & M. Cáceres with yellow oil inspersion in the hamathecium and 5–7-septate ascospores 32–37×10–13 μm; P. longiflavens Aptroot, Mendonça & M. Cáceres with yellow oil inspersion in the hamathecium, an apical ostiole and 9–11-septate ascospores 57–70×12–14 μm; Trypethelium luteolucidum Aptroot, Mendonça & M. Cáceres which is similar to T. regnellii, but differs by the presence of anthraquinone crystals in the pseudostromata; and Viridothelium leptoseptatum Aptroot & M. Cáceres, resembling Astrothelium aeneum but with no pigment on the thallus, a thin to absent thallus cover on the ascomata and thin-walled, constricted ascospores with lumina of a similar shape to the ascospore cell walls. Most are known only from Brazil, but a few are also known from Mexico, Puerto Rico, and/or Guyana. North-eastern Brazil is the centre of diversity of the genus Polymeridium, with 33 species now known.
Inside Doctor Livingstone: a Scottish icon's encounter with tropical disease
Authors: BARRETT MICHAEL P. , GIORDANI FEDERICA 
Published: December 2016

SUMMARYDr David Livingstone died on May 1st 1873. He was 60 years old and had spent much of the previous 30 years walking across large stretches of Southern Africa, exploring the terrain he hoped could provide new environments in which Europeans and Africans could cohabit on equal terms and bring prosperity to a part of the world he saw ravaged by the slave trade. Just days before he died, he wrote in his journal about the permanent stream of blood that he was emitting related to haemorrhoids and the acute intestinal pain that had left him incapable of walking. What actually killed Livingstone is unknown, yet the years spent exploring sub-Saharan Africa undoubtedly exposed him to a gamut of parasitic and other infectious diseases. Some of these we can be certain of. He wrote prolifically and described his encounters with malaria, relapsing fevers, parasitic helminths and more. His graphic writing allows us to explore his own encounters with tropical diseases and how European visitors to Africa considered them at this time. This paper outlines Livingstone's life and his contributions to understanding parasitic diseases.
Mass spectrometry: a technique of many faces
Authors: Olshina Maya A. , Sharon Michal 
Published: December 2016

AbstractProtein complexes form the critical foundation for a wide range of biological process, however understanding the intricate details of their activities is often challenging. In this review we describe how mass spectrometry (MS) plays a key role in the analysis of protein assemblies and the cellular pathways which they are involved in. Specifically, we discuss how the versatility of mass spectrometric approaches provides unprecedented information on multiple levels. We demonstrate this on the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway, a process that is responsible for protein turnover. We follow the various steps of this degradation route and illustrate the different MS workflows that were applied for elucidating molecular information. Overall, this review aims to stimulate the integrated use of multiple mass spectrometry approaches for analyzing complex biological systems.
DO NORMATIVE FACTS MATTER . . . TO WHAT IS FEASIBLE?
Authors: Brennan Geoffrey , Sayre-McCord Geoffrey 
Published: December 2016

Abstract:G. A. Cohen famously argued that fundamental normative principles (for example,
concerning justice) are “fact-free” in such a way that
their truth is independent of non-normative facts. For our purposes here, we
take Cohen’s claim as given. Our focus is on what might be thought of
as the “other side” of this issue — on whether
the non-normative facts that determine what might be feasible for us to
accomplish are value-independent. We argue that they are not, that people have
reason to think that the normative properties of different possible options can
and sometimes do have a crucial impact on their feasibility. In other words:
facts about feasibility are partially dependent on Cohen’s
“fact-free moral principles.”
JUSTICE, REALISM, AND FAMILY CARE FOR THE AGED
Authors: Philp Mark 
Published: December 2016

Abstract:Starting with a particular case of familial care for the aging, the discussion
points to the difficulties in deriving practical judgments from ideal theory in
cases where there seems to be injustice, but where there are multiple competing
dimensions of value and cost. The essay argues that the problems discussed are
deeply embedded in modern western cultures, where life expectancy has risen
dramatically and has been coupled with a range of other social and demographic
changes that make familial care for the aged difficult and burdensome, and where
our thinking about justice and rights are integral to the conflicted ways in
which people construct and experience these situations, rather than standing
independently as a solution to them. The essay argues for a set of partial,
limited, and “realist” responses that reduce some elements
of burden, without pretending to provide a solution that is in any sense ideal
or wholly just. The argument from a case is integral to the essay’s
case for realism in moral and political philosophy.
PROBING THE LIMITS OF RAWLS’S REALISTIC UTOPIA
Authors: Förster Annette 
Published: December 2016

Abstract:InThe Law of Peoples, John Rawls introduces a framework for realistic utopia, within which the limits of practicable political possibility are probed through the further development of his international theory. This essay addresses the apparent paradox of realistic utopianism within the context of, and in relation to, ideal theory, in an attempt to explore the scope and limits of Rawls’s theory. The ideas behind Rawls’s realistic utopia are discussed in detail, the concept is contrasted with ideal theory in order to assess to what extent Rawls’s framework for realistic utopia introduced inThe Law of Peoplesdiffers from other forms of ideal theory, and the limits of realistic utopianism are identified.I argue first, that, in an attempt to address the potential feasibility constraint, Rawls tries to distinguish his framework of realistic utopia from that of more traditional ideal theory. I then proceed to examine the differences between realistic utopianism inThe Law of Peoplesand ideal theory inA Theory of Justice. I then conclude that Rawls only partially meets the challenge of establishing practicable political possibility. In actuality, Rawls’s focus on ideal agents in ideal as well as nonideal theory, together with his emphasis on societies as closed and self-sufficient, ignores the potential for noncompliance by liberal and decent societies, as well as interdependencies between societies that can cause or lead to injustice, conflict, and instability. I argue that despite these flaws, Rawls’s approach nevertheless provokes new insights into the function of the principles of the ideal theory framework as guidelines for real-world policies striving toward peace, stability, and justice.