bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanoscale Fluorescent Metal–Organic Framework@Microporous Organic Polymer Composites for Enhanced Intracellular Uptake and Bioimaging
Authors: Wang Lei , Wang Weiqi , Zheng Xiaohua , Li Zhensheng , Xie Zhigang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPolymer‐modified metal–organic frameworks combine the advantages of both soft polymers and crystalline metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). It is a big challenge to develop simple methods for surface modification of MOFs. In this work, MOF@microporous organic polymer (MOP) hybrid nanoparticles (UNP) have been synthesized by epitaxial growth of luminescent boron‐dipyrromethene (BODIPYs)–imine MOPs on the surface of UiO‐MOF seeds, which exhibit low cytotoxicity, smaller size distribution, well‐retained pore integrity, and available functional sites. After folic acid grafting, the enhanced intracellular uptake and bioimaging was validated.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Tandem Oxidative Arylation/Olefination of Aromatic Tethered Alkenes/Alkynes
Authors: Gao Yang , Gao Yinglan , Wu Wanqing , Jiang Huanfeng , Yang Xiaobo , Liu Wenbo , Li Chao‐Jun 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe describe herein a palladium‐catalyzed tandem oxidative arylation/olefination reaction of aromatic tethered alkenes/alkynes for the synthesis of dihydrobenzofurans and 2 H‐chromene derivatives. This reaction features a 1,2‐difunctionalization of C−C π‐bond with two C−H bonds using O2 as terminal oxidant at room temperature. The products obtained are valuable synthons and important scaffolds in biological agents and natural products.
Clinical genomic profiling identifies TYK2 mutation and overexpression in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1‐associated malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors
Authors: Hirbe Angela C. , Kaushal Madhurima , Sharma Mukesh Kumar , Dahiya Sonika , Pekmezci Melike , Perry Arie , Gutmann David H. 
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUNDMalignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are aggressive sarcomas that arise at an estimated frequency of 8% to 13% in individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Compared with their sporadic counterparts, NF1‐associated MPNSTs (NF1‐MPNSTs) develop in young adults, frequently recur (approximately 50% of cases), and carry a dismal prognosis. As such, most individuals affected with NF1‐MPNSTs die within 5 years of diagnosis, despite surgical resection combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy.METHODSClinical genomic profiling was performed using 1000 ng of DNA from 7 cases of NF1‐MPNST, and bioinformatic analyses were conducted to identify genes with actionable mutations.RESULTSA total of 3 women and 4 men with NF1‐MPNST were identified (median age, 38 years). Nonsynonymous mutations were discovered in 4 genes (neurofibromatosis type 1 [NF1], ROS proto‐oncogene 1 [ROS1], tumor protein p53 [TP53], and tyrosine kinase 2 [TYK2]), which in addition were mutated in other MPNST cases in this sample set. Consistent with their occurrence in individuals with NF1, all tumors had at least 1 mutation in the NF1 gene. Whereas TP53 gene mutations are frequently observed in other cancers, ROS1 mutations are common in melanoma (15%‐35%), another neural crest‐derived malignancy. In contrast, TYK2 mutations are uncommon in other malignancies (<7%). In the current series, recurrent TYK2 mutations were identified in 2 cases of NF1‐MPNST (30% of cases), whereas TYK2 protein overexpression was observed in 60% of MPNST cases using an independently generated tissue microarray, regardless of NF1 status.CONCLUSIONSClinical genomic analysis of the current series of NF1‐MPNST cases found that TYK2 is a new gene mutated in MPNST. Future work will focus on examining the utility of TYK2 expression as a biomarker and therapeutic target for these cancers. Cancer 2017;123:1194–1201. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Electrochemical Coupling of Biomass‐Derived Acids: New C8 Platforms for Renewable Polymers and Fuels
Authors: Wu Linglin , Mascal Mark , Farmer Thomas J. , Arnaud Sacha Pérocheau , Wong Chang Maria‐Angelica 
Published: November 2016

AbstractElectrolysis of biomass‐derived carbonyl compounds is an alternative to condensation chemistry for supplying products with chain length >C6 for biofuels and renewable materials production. Kolbe coupling of biomass‐derived levulinic acid is used to obtain 2,7‐octanedione, a new platform molecule only two low process‐intensity steps removed from raw biomass. Hydrogenation to 2,7‐octanediol provides a chiral secondary diol largely unknown to polymer chemistry, whereas intramolecular aldol condensation followed by hydrogenation yields branched cycloalkanes suitable for use as high‐octane, cellulosic gasoline. Analogous electrolysis of an itaconic acid‐derived methylsuccinic monoester yields a chiral 2,5‐dimethyladipic acid diester, another underutilized monomer owing to lack of availability.
Automated leukocyte processing by microfluidic deterministic lateral displacement
Authors: Civin Curt I. , Ward Tony , Skelley Alison M. , Gandhi Khushroo , Peilun Lee Zendra , Dosier Christopher R. , D'Silva Joseph L. , Chen Yu , Kim MinJung , Moynihan James , Chen Xiaochun , Aurich Lee , Gulnik Sergei , Brittain George C. , Recktenwald Diether J. , Austin Robert H. , Sturm James C. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe previously developed a Deterministic Lateral Displacement (DLD) microfluidic method in silicon to separate cells of various sizes from blood (Davis et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci 2006;103:14779‐14784; Huang et al., Science 2004;304:987‐990). Here, we present the reduction‐to‐practice of this technology with a commercially produced, high precision plastic microfluidic chip‐based device designed for automated preparation of human leukocytes (white blood cells; WBCs) for flow cytometry, without centrifugation or manual handling of samples. After a human blood sample was incubated with fluorochrome‐conjugated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), the mixture was input to a DLD microfluidic chip (microchip) where it was driven through a micropost array designed to deflect WBCs via DLD on the basis of cell size from the Input flow stream into a buffer stream, thus separating WBCs and any larger cells from smaller cells and particles and washing them simultaneously. We developed a microfluidic cell processing protocol that recovered 88% (average) of input WBCs and removed 99.985% (average) of Input erythrocytes (red blood cells) and >99% of unbound mAb in 18 min (average). Flow cytometric evaluation of the microchip Product, with no further processing, lysis or centrifugation, revealed excellent forward and side light scattering and fluorescence characteristics of immunolabeled WBCs. These results indicate that cost‐effective plastic DLD microchips can speed and automate leukocyte processing for high quality flow cytometry analysis, and suggest their utility for multiple other research and clinical applications involving enrichment or depletion of common or rare cell types from blood or tissue samples. © 2016 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Facile Synthesis of Graphene/Cobalt Oxide Nanohexagons for the Selective Detection of Dopamine
Authors: Velmurugan Murugan , Devasenathipathy Rajkumar , Chen Shen‐Ming , Kohila rani Karuppasamy , Wang Sea‐Fue 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis work presents a simple green approach for the chemical synthesis of cobalt oxide nano hexagons (Co3O4 NHs) with an average size of 160±40 nm incorporated graphene nanosheets (GR). The techniques used to confirm the formation of GR−Co3O4 NHs are transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). The dopamine (DA) sensor was fabricated by drop casting GR−Co3O4 NHs on the pre‐cleaned glassy carbon electrode (GCE). GR−Co3O4 modified GCE displayed a sensitive and selective electrochemical determination of DA compared to only GR and Co3O4 NHs modified GCE. Our fabricated sensor showed a wide linear range from 0.2 to 3443 μM with low limit of detection (84 nM) towards the determination of DA. The sensitivity of our fabricated sensor was calculated to be 108 μA mM−1 cm−2. As well, a significant storage stability, repeatability and reproducibility were attained by GR−Co3O4 NHs modified GCE. Human urine samples were targeted for the demonstration of practicality of our sensor.
Carbapenems and valproate: A consumptive relationship
Authors: Bede Peter , Lawlor Diane , Solanki Damodar , Delanty Norman 
Published: November 2016

SummaryA clinical case series is presented to characterize the interaction between carbapenem antibiotics and sodium valproate. Six illustrative cases are presented in which carbapenem therapy led to the rapid depletion of serum valproate levels, and one case is presented to demonstrate the difficulty of initiating valproate therapy in patients already on meropenem. The speed of valproate depletion after the initiation of carbapenem therapy, the effect of treatment duration, clinical manifestations, delay in valproate level normalization after carbapenem therapy, the efficacy of supplemental valproate doses, and the usefulness of valproate dose escalation are evaluated. Five out of the 7 patients became acutely symptomatic owing to their subtherapeutic valproate levels. The presented cases also highlight the relatively slow normalization of valproate levels after discontinuation of the antibiotic therapy. Our cases suggest that the interaction is not absorption‐mediated because all of our patients received intravenous valproate. We observed that the introduction of alternative antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) may be preferable to valproate dose escalation, which is ineffective in the presence of concomitant meropenem therapy. The characterization and recognition of this interaction have implications for the management of a particularly vulnerable patient cohort.
QoS‐based resource allocation across local and public cloud for resource‐constrained mobile device
Authors: Chunlin Li , Yanpei Liu , Youlong Luo 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis paper uses the hybrid cloud architecture, including the local cloud and the remote public cloud, to execute the mobile tasks with the objective of optimizing the resource allocation, while meeting the service‐level agreement requirement. Hybrid cloud is a cloud computing environment that uses a mix of on‐premises private cloud and third‐party public cloud services with orchestration between the 2 platforms. The mobile application could run in private cloud, but use cloud bursting to access additional computing resources from a public cloud when computing demands spike. The proposed Quality of Service–based resource allocation optimization scheme across local and public cloud for resource‐constrained mobile device is formulated into a constrained optimization problem and further divided into 2 subproblems, ie, one for resource allocation for the local cloud and one for the remote public cloud, using the Lagrange method. The proposed Quality of Service–based resource allocation optimization algorithm across local and public cloud is proposed. Through the experiments, the performance of proposed algorithm is evaluated with other baseline algorithms. The results of the experiments show a performance improvement when compared to the approaches from the literature.
Cost effectiveness of using cognitive screening tests for detecting dementia and mild cognitive impairment in primary care
Authors: Tong Thaison , Thokala Praveen , McMillan Brian , Ghosh Rob , Brazier John 
Published: November 2016

IntroductionWe estimated the cost effectiveness of different cognitive screening tests for use by General Practitioners (GPs) to detect cognitive impairment in England.MethodsA patient‐level cost‐effectiveness model was developed using a simulated cohort that represents the elderly population in England (65 years and older). Each patient was followed over a lifetime period. Data from published sources were used to populate the model. The costs include government funded health and social care, private social care and informal care. Patient health benefit was measured and valued in Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs).ResultsBase‐case analyses found that adopting any of the three cognitive tests (Mini‐Mental State Examination, 6‐Item Cognitive Impairment Test or GPCOG (General Practitioner Assessment of Cognition)) delivered more QALYs for patients over their lifetime and made savings across sectors including healthcare, social care and informal care compared with GP unassisted judgement. The benefits were due to early access to medications. Among the three cognitive tests, adopting the GPCOG was considered the most cost‐effective option with the highest Incremental Net Benefit (INB) at the threshold of £30 000 per QALY from both the National Health Service and Personal Social Service (NHS PSS) perspective (£195 034 per 1000 patients) and the broader perspective that includes private social care and informal care (£196 251 per 1000 patients). Uncertainty was assessed in both deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsOur analyses indicate that the use of any of the three cognitive tests could be considered a cost‐effective strategy compared with GP unassisted judgement. The most cost‐effective option in the base‐case was the GPCOG. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Skepticism in the Genomic Era
Authors: Zacharias Rachel L. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractI joined The Hastings Center this past summer, after graduating from Duke University, where I researched advancements in neuroscience and genomics and their import for law, ethics, and policy. This research required, to an extent, faith in the idea that researchers can identify pathways by which genes combine with epigenetic and environmental factors to affect neuronal activity and influence behaviors. Throughout my first months here, I have puzzled over broad critiques of “genomic hype” in recent literature, which clash with the optimistic rhetoric found in the Human Genome Project and the Precision Medicine Initiative.
Saving Science by Doing Less of It?
Authors: Kaebnick Gregory E. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn the current issue of The New Atlantis, Daniel Sarewitz, professor of science and society at Arizona State University, argues that science is broken because it is managed and judged by scientists themselves, operating under Vannevar Bush's famous 1945 declaration that scientific progress depends on the “free play of free intellects … dictated by their curiosity.” With that scientific agenda, society ends up with a lot of unnecessary, uncoordinated, and unproductive research. To save science, holds Sarewitz, we need to put it in the hands of people who are looking for practical solutions to specific problems. In one article in this issue of the Hastings Center Report (November‐December 2016), Kirstin Borgerson poses a question in this same conceptual space: are there too many clinical trials?Other pieces in the issue cover a mix of topics: the lead article addresses some of the challenges that will have to be faced as “artificial organs” become available, a third article looks at how crowdfunding sites like GoFundMe can be used to make public appeals for medical funding, and a special report found in a supplement to the issue offers a round of analysis and recommendations about the provision of medical care to professional football players.
International Perspectives on Physician Assistance in Dying
Authors: Orentlicher David 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWhen the Supreme Court of Canada recognized a constitutional right to “medical assistance in dying” last year—and the nation's Parliament enacted legislation to implement the right earlier this year—Canadian lawmakers could look to two different models for guidance. The Netherlands and Belgium recognize a broad right to assistance in dying, while Oregon and elsewhere in the United States have a narrow right. In some ways, assistance in dying in Canada follows the Dutch‐Belgian approach, while, in other ways, it seems more American. Two societal factors seem relevant to the different approaches: the role that religion plays in people's lives and the trust that people place in their governments and health care systems. As other governments consider legalizing assistance in dying, an important question is whether some restrictions on the right are particularly critical. The experience to date suggests that requiring patients to be terminally ill has provided the best protection against misuse.
Military Genitourinary Trauma: Policies, Implications, and Ethics
Authors: Dean Wendy K. , Caplan Arthur L. , Parent Brendan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe men and women who serve in the armed forces, in the words of Major General Joseph Caravalho, “sign a blank check, co‐signed by their families, payable to the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marines, up to and including their lives.” It is human nature to consider such a pact in polarized terms; the pact concludes in either a celebratory homecoming or funereal mourning. But in reality, surviving catastrophic injury may incur the greatest debt. The small but real possibility of losing the ability to bear biological children due to genitourinary combat injury has been a topic of discussion in hushed tones, behind closed doors. But as policy changes move the conversation into the open, we must be fully aware of the far‐reaching and long‐term impacts of decisions on those who have sustained genitourinary injury. In January 2016, Secretary of Defense Ashton Carter outlined a set of reforms that would improve the quality of life for military families by recognizing the importance of maintaining fertility, even in the face of severe injury. This first promising step could build a solid foundation of insuring fertility preservation for wounded service members with genitourinary injury, and it could set a precedent beyond the military for insuring treatment for people who have lost their reproductive capacity. Thus, the ethical challenges raised by the new policy require careful analysis.
Tactile stimulation during different developmental periods modifies hippocampal BDNF and GR, affecting memory and behavior in adult rats
Authors: Antoniazzi Caren T. D. , Metz Vinícia G. , Roversi Karine , Freitas Daniele L. , Vey Luciana T. , Dias Verônica T. , Segat Hecson J. , Duarte Marta M. M. F. , Burger Marilise E. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTRecent studies have shown that tactile stimulation (TS) in pups is able to prevent and/or minimize fear, anxiety behaviors, and addiction to psychostimulant drugs in adult rats. In these studies, animals have been exposed to handling from postnatal day (PND) 1–21. This study was designed to precisely establish which period of preweaning development has a greater influence of TS on neuronal development. After birth, male pups were exposed to TS from PND1–7, PND8–14, and PND15–21. In adulthood, the different periods of postnatal TS were assessed through behavioral, biochemical, and molecular assessments. Animals that received TS from PND8‐14 showed lower anxiety‐like symptoms, as observed by decreased anxiety index in elevated plus maze. This same TS period was able to improve rats' working memory by increasing the percentage of alternation rate in Y‐maze, and induce better ability to cope with stressful situations, as showed in the defensive burying test by a reduced time of burying behavior. On the other hand, animals receiving TS in the first week of life showed longest cumulative burying time, which is directly related to increased anxiety‐like behavior. Moreover, TS from PND8‐14 showed lower corticosterone levels and better oxidative status, as observed by decreased lipid peroxidation and increased catalase activity in the hippocampus. Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) immunocontent was increased in the hippocampus of animals receiving TS from PND8‐14, while glucocorticoid receptors immunocontent was decreased in both TS1‐7 and TS15‐21, but not TS8‐14. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to show TS can be more efficient if applied over a focused period of neonatal development (PND8‐14) and this beneficial influence can be reflected on reduced emotionality and increased ability to address stressful situations in adulthood. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Superparamagnetic nanoparticle‐enhanced MRI of Alzheimer's disease plaques and activated microglia in 3X transgenic mouse brains: Contrast optimization
Authors: Tafoya Marissa A. , Madi Saaussan , Sillerud Laurel O. 
Published: November 2016

PurposeTo optimize magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of antibody‐conjugated superparamagnetic nanoparticles for detecting amyloid‐β plaques and activated microglia in a 3X transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.Materials and MethodsTen 3X Tg mice were fed either chow or chow containing 100 ppm resveratrol. Four brains, selected from animals injected with either anti‐amyloid targeted superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, or anti‐Iba‐1‐conjugated FePt‐nanoparticles, were excised, fixed with formalin, and placed in Fomblin for ex vivo MRI (11.7T) using multislice‐multiecho, multiple gradient echo, rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement, and susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI). Aβ plaques and areas of neuroinflammation appeared as hypointense regions whose number, location, and Z‐score were measured as a function of sequence type and echo time.ResultsThe MR contrast was due to the shortening of the transverse relaxation time of the plaque‐adjacent tissue water. A theoretical analysis of this effect showed that the echo time was the primary determinant of plaque contrast and was used to optimize Z‐scores. The Z‐scores of the detected lesions varied from 21 to 34 as the echo times varied from 4 to 25 msec, with SWI providing the highest Z‐score and number of detected lesions. Computation of the entire plaque and activated microglial distributions in 3D showed that resveratrol treatment led to a reduction of ∼24‐fold of Aβ plaque density and ∼4‐fold in microglial activation.ConclusionOptimized MRI of antibody‐conjugated superparamagnetic nanoparticles served to reveal the 3D distributions of both Aβ plaques and activated microglia and to measure the effects of drug treatments in this 3X Tg model.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;46:574–588
The prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Kohli Preeti , Naik Akash N. , Harruff E. Emily , Nguyen Shaun A. , Schlosser Rodney J. , Soler Zachary M. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesMany studies have reported that olfactory dysfunction frequently occurs in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) populations; however, the prevalence and degree of olfactory loss has not been systematically studied. The aims of this study were to use combined data to report the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction and to calculate weighted averages of olfactory test scores in CRS patients.Data SourcesA search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus, following the methods of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis guidelines.Review MethodsStudies reporting the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction using objective measures or olfactory test scores using validated scales were included.ResultsA total of 47 articles were included in a systematic review and 35 in the pooled data analysis. The prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis was found to be 30.0% using the Brief Smell Identification Test, 67.0% using the 40‐item Smell Identification Test, and 78.2% using the total Sniffin' Sticks score. Weighted averages ± standard deviation of olfactory test scores were 25.96 ± 7.11 using the 40‐item Smell Identification Test, 8.60 ± 2.81 using the Brief Smell Identification Test, 21.96 ± 8.88 using total Sniffin' Sticks score, 5.65 ± 1.51 using Sniffin' Sticks–Threshold, 9.21 ± 4.63 using Sniffin' Sticks–Discrimination, 9.47 ± 3.92 using Sniffin' Sticks–Identification, and 8.90 ± 5.14 using the Questionnaire for Olfactory Disorders–Negative Statements.ConclusionsIn CRS populations, a significant percentage of patients experience olfactory dysfunction, and mean olfactory scores are within the dysosmic range.Laryngoscope, 2016 127:309–320, 2017