bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Young and the Stressed
Authors: Leppink Eric W. , Odlaug Brian L. , Lust Katherine , Christenson Gary , Grant Jon E. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
High levels of stress are common among young adults, particularly those enrolled in college. These degrees of stress have shown numerous deleterious effects across both academic and health variables. Findings regarding the role of stress in the presentation of impulse control disorders, particular among college students, are limited. This study examined potential associations between perceived stress, academic achievement, physical/mental health, and impulse control disorders in young adults. A total of 1805 students completed an online survey and were included in the analysis. Responders were grouped by their overall score on the Perceived Stress Scale into mild, moderate, or severe. Severe perceived stress was associated with worse academic achievement and worse physical health, as well as higher rates of psychiatric and impulsive disorders. These findings may suggest associations between stress and numerous aspects of mental/physical health in young adults, which could be an important consideration for individuals working with college students.
Possible association of elevated serum collagen type IV level with skin sclerosis in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Motegi Sei‐ichiro , Sekiguchi Akiko , Fujiwara Chisako , Toki Sayaka , Ishikawa Osamu 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCollagen type IV is the primary collagen in the basement membranes around blood vessels and in the dermoepidermal junction in the skin. Perivascular collagen type IV is synthesized by endothelial cells and pericytes, and contributes to the homeostasis and remodeling of blood vessels. It has been well recognized that elevated serum collagen type IV levels are associated with the liver fibrosis. The objective was to examine serum collagen type IV levels and their clinical associations in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), and to examine the expression of collagen type IV in the fibrotic skin in SSc. Serum collagen type IV levels in SSc patients and diffuse cutaneous type SSc patients were significantly higher than those in healthy individuals. Serum collagen type IV levels were positively correlated with modified Rodnan total skin score. Serum collagen type IV levels in early stage (disease duration ≤3 years) diffuse cutaneous SSc patients were significantly elevated. Serum collagen type IV levels in SSc patients with digital ulcers (DU) were significantly elevated. In immunohistochemical staining, the expression of collagen type IV around dermal small vessels in the affected skin was reduced compared with those of normal individuals. These results suggest that elevated serum collagen type IV levels may be associated with the skin sclerosis in the early stage of SSc. The measurement of serum collagen type IV levels in SSc patients may be useful as a disease activity marker in skin sclerosis and DU.
The changing body work of abortion: a qualitative study of the experiences of health professionals
Authors: Purcell Carrie , Cameron Sharon , Lawton Julia , Glasier Anna , Harden Jeni 
Published: August 2016

Abstract‘Body work’ has emerged at the nexus of sociologies of work and bodies as a means of conceptualising work focusing on the bodies of others. This article utilises this analytical tool in the context of contemporary abortion work. Abortion provision in Britain has seen significant change in the last 25 years, paralleling developments in medical methods, and the option for women under nine weeks' gestation to complete the abortion at home. These shifts raise questions around how abortion work is experienced by those who do it. We apply the conceptual lens of body work to data drawn from in‐depth interviews with 37 health professionals involved in abortion provision, to draw out the character, constraints and challenges of contemporary abortion work. We explore three key themes: the instrumental role of emotional labour in facilitating body work; the temporality of abortion work; and bodily proximity, co‐presence and changes in provision. By drawing on the conceptual frame of body work, we illuminate the dynamics of contemporary abortion work in Britain and, by introducing the idea of ‘body work‐by‐proxy’, highlight ways in which this context can be used to expand the conceptual boundaries of body work.
Moderate Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Alters Functional Connectivity in the Adult Rat Brain
Authors: Rodriguez Carlos I. , Davies Suzy , Calhoun Vince , Savage Daniel D. , Hamilton Derek A. 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundPast studies of moderate prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) have focused on specific brain regions, neurotransmitter systems, and behaviors. However, the effects of PAE on brain function and behavior are complex and not limited to discrete brain regions. Thus, there is a critical need to understand the global effects of moderate PAE on neural function. A primary aim of this research was to explore the functional relationships in neural activity of spatially distinct areas by applying a widely used computational algorithm—group‐independent component analysis (gICA)—to resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from rats exposed to either an alcohol or saccharin control solution via maternal consumption during pregnancy.MethodsLong–Evans rat dams consumed either 5% (v/v) alcohol or a saccharin control solution throughout gestation. Adult offspring from each prenatal treatment group were anesthetized for functional, structural, and perfusion magnetic resonance‐based image acquisition sequences. gICA was applied to the functional data to extract components. To determine connectivity, component time‐course correlations were computed and compared. Additionally, spectral power analyses were utilized as an additional measure of functional connectivity. Finally, blood perfusion—assessed by arterial spin labeling—and whole‐brain volumetric analyses were evaluated.ResultsAnalyses revealed 17 components in several brain regions such as the cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus. PAE was associated with reductions in coordinated activity between components, especially in males. PAE was also associated with reductions in low‐frequency spectral power, an effect that was more robust in females. Brain volumetric analyses revealed sex‐dependent reductions in females while blood flow analyses revealed sex‐dependent reductions in males.ConclusionsModerate PAE leads to persistent changes in functional connectivity in the absence of whole‐brain volume or blood flow measures. Future studies will investigate the relationships between alterations in functional network connectivity and behavior.
Antidepressant drug use among adolescents during 2004–2013: a population‐based register linkage study
Authors: Hartz I. , Skurtveit S. , Hjellvik V. , Furu K. , Nesvåg R. , Handal M. 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveTo study trends in use of antidepressants (ADs) by adolescents, and psychiatric morbidity and use of other psychotropic drugs as a measure of psychiatric comorbidity.MethodsOne‐year prevalence of AD drug use was analyzed for 13‐ to 17‐year‐old Norwegians during 2004–2013. Use of other psychotropic drugs and specialist healthcare services was analyzed for incident AD users in 2012, using linked data from the Norwegian Prescription Database and the Norwegian Patient Register.ResultsThe 1‐year prevalence of AD drug use increased from 6.4/1000 to 9.1/1000 during 2004–2013, with the steepest increase from 2010, particularly among girls. The highest prevalence was found in 17‐year‐old girls (17.8/1000 in 2010, 27.5/1000 in 2013). Of incident AD drug users in 2012, 84.4% had been in contact with specialist health care. As the first drug, 78.4% were prescribed a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. The most common types of other psychotropic drugs were melatonin (24.6%), antipsychotic drugs (13.2%), stimulants (8.8%), and anxiolytics (6.0%).ConclusionsUse of ADs among adolescents has increased over the last 3–4 years, particularly among 16‐ to 17‐year‐old girls. A total of 85% of incident users had been in contact with specialist health care, which may indicate that drug‐therapy is used by adolescents with more severe symptoms.
Effects of polyculture and monoculture farming in oil palm smallholdings on tropical fruit‐feeding butterfly diversity
Authors: Asmah Siti , Ghazali Amal , Syafiq Muhammad , Yahya Muhammad S. , Peng Tan L. , Norhisham Ahmad R. , Puan Chong L. , Azhar Badrul , Lindenmayer David B. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

In many developing countries, commercial oil palm farming supports the livelihood of millions of small‐scale farmers in the rural areas. However, forest conversion into oil palm monocultures has a major impact on tropical biodiversity. In existing oil palm production landscapes, little is known about how different oil palm agricultural practices affect farmland biodiversity, particularly insect biota.
We quantified fruit‐feeding butterfly species richness and community composition in oil palm areas subject to polyculture and monoculture farming in Peninsular Malaysia. Polyculture smallholdings were predicted to support greater butterfly diversity than monoculture smallholdings because of the greater structural complexity and floristic diversity associated with crop diversity in polyculture smallholdings.
We also identified local‐scale habitat attributes important for maintaining fruit‐feeding butterfly species richness.
We found no significant differences in butterfly species richness, abundance and the composition of butterfly assemblages between polyculture and monoculture smallholdings. Local‐scale habitat quality explained 32.1% of the variation in fruit‐feeding butterfly richness in oil palm smallholdings.
We found that polyculture farming failed to increase fruit‐feeding butterfly diversity as a result of a limited number of crop species in oil palm smallholdings. To improve current agricultural practices and maintain high levels of butterfly diversity, commercial growers should increase the number of crop species planted in oil palm smallholdings.
Intraocular lens dislocation in pseudoexfoliation: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Vazquez‐Ferreiro Pedro , Carrera‐Hueso Francisco J. , Fikri‐Benbrahim Narjis , Barreiro‐Rodriguez Lidia , Diaz‐Rey Marta , Ramón Barrios María Auxiliadora 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the impact of pseudoexfoliation syndrome on intraocular lens (IOL) dislocation after phacoemulsification cataract surgery and explore possible associations related to surgical technique.MethodsWe systematically searched the MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Lilacs databases and grey literature sources and identified (on March 1, 2016) 14 cohort and case–control studies comparing IOL dislocation in patients with and without pseudoexfoliation syndrome who had undergone phacoemulsification. Study quality was assessed using the STROBE scale. An inverse‐variance fixed‐effects model was used to calculate weighted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsThe pooled analysis yielded an OR of 6.02 (95% CI: 3.7, 9.79) for IOL dislocation in patients with pseudoexfoliation, and similarly, high ORs were detected for both early and late (3 months after surgery) dislocation (OR 5.26; 95% CI: 1.05; 26.32 versus OR 6.02; 95% CI: 3.67; 10.17). No significant associations were detected when the results were stratified by year, incision size or use of hooks or retractors.ConclusionsPatients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome have a high risk of late IOL dislocation after phacoemulsification cataract surgery, and this risk may be related to the use of large incisions and hooks or retractors.
Post‐weaning growth of beef heifers drenched with long‐ or short‐acting anthelmintics
Authors: Eppleston J , Watt B , van de Ven R 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveTo determine whether (i) the drenching practices of beef producers in the Central Tablelands of NSW utilising short‐acting anthelmintics limit the post‐weaning growth of heifers and (ii) a single weaning treatment of a long‐acting anthelmintic improves post‐weaning growth.MethodsCommencing at weaning, 20/100 heifers in each of five herds were injected four times at 90‐day intervals with long‐acting moxidectin to suppress gastrointestinal nematodes. In year 1 the balance was drenched using the owner's usual commercial practice with short‐acting anthelmintics (5 herds) or left undrenched (1 herd). In year 2 the balance was drenched with long‐acting moxidectin within 3 months of weaning (4 herds) or with short‐acting drenches only (2 herds). At each visit live weight (LW) was recorded and a subsample tested for worm egg count (WEC) and plasma pepsinogen.ResultsIn year 1 by 3 and 6 months’ post weaning, suppressed heifers were significantly heavier than the undrenched and short‐acting groups, and by 12 months were 40 and 28 kg heavier, respectively. In year 2, the LW of the suppressed and long‐acting heifers was not different, but by 3 and 6 months both groups were significantly heavier than the short‐acting group and by 12 months were 22 kg heavier.ConclusionThe post‐weaning growth of beef heifers treated with short‐acting drenches as adopted by Tablelands beef producers was slower than heifers drenched suppressively or with a single long‐acting drench at weaning.
Field studies of the detection, persistence and spread of the Rispens CVI988 vaccine virus and the extent of co‐infection with Marek's disease virus
Authors: Ralapanawe S , Renz KG , Burgess SK , Walkden‐Brown SW 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveTo use specific real‐time qPCR to determine (1) the vaccination success of Rispens CVI988 vaccine in feathers and dust; (2) persistence of Rispens infection in vaccinated layer chickens; (3) extent of co‐infection with wild‐type Marek's disease virus (MDV) in vaccinated layers; and (4) presence of Rispens virus in unvaccinated broiler flocks.MethodsFeather, dust and serum samples were collected from birds aged 3 days to 91 weeks from three layer farms. qPCR was used to detect MDV and Rispens in DNA extracted from dust and feathers. Previously tested MDV‐positive dust samples from 100 broiler flocks were tested for the presence of Rispens using qPCR, while serum samples were used to detect anti‐MDV antibody using ELISA.ResultsOverall, 66% and 93% of feather and dust samples, respectively, from Rispens‐vaccinated layers were Rispens‐positive. Viral load in these samples varied between farms during early life, reaching readily detectable levels at 2–3 weeks of age. Vaccinated chickens maintained a high Rispens load in feathers and dust and high MDV antibody levels until 91 weeks of age. MDV infection was detected in 6.7% of feather samples from vaccinated chickens. Rispens virus was detected in 7% of samples from unvaccinated broiler flocks.ConclusionVaccine take can be measured effectively by Rispens‐specific qPCR of feathers or dust from approximately 3 weeks post vaccination. Infection with Rispens is persistent, with lifelong shedding and serological response. The detectable infection rate of vaccinated chickens with MDV is low and there is preliminary evidence of escape of Rispens virus to unvaccinated flocks.
Modulation of autoimmune arthritis severity in mice by apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and cholesterol
Authors: Alvarez P , Genre F , Iglesias M , Augustin J J , Tamayo E , Escolà-Gil J C , Lavín B , Blanco-Vaca F , Merino R , Merino J 
Published: August 2016

Summary
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) deficiency promoted an exacerbation of autoimmune arthritis in mice by inducing proinflammatory immune responses. In this study we analysed the contribution of hypercholesterolaemia and/or the absence of ApoE anti-inflammatory properties, unrelated to its function in the control of cholesterol metabolism, towards the acceleration of arthritis in these mutant animals. The induction and severity of collagen type II-induced arthritis (CIA) were compared for B10.RIII wild-type (WT), B10.RIII.ApoE+/–, B10.RIII.ApoE–/– and B10.RIII.low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR–/–) mice with different concentrations of circulating ApoE and cholesterol. A 50–70% reduction in serum levels of ApoE was observed in heterozygous B10.RIII.ApoE+/– mice in comparison to B10.RIII.WT, although both strains of mice exhibited similar circulating lipid profiles. This ApoE reduction was associated with an increased CIA severity that remained lower than in homozygous B10.RIII.ApoE–/– mice. An important rise in circulating ApoE concentration was observed in hypercholesterolaemic B10.RIII.LDLR–/– mice fed with a normal chow diet, and both parameters increased further with an atherogenic hypercholesterolaemic diet. However, the severity of CIA in B10.RIII.LDLR–/– mice was similar to that of B10.RIII.WT controls. In conclusion, by comparing the evolution of CIA between several strains of mutant mice with different levels of serum ApoE and cholesterol, our results demonstrate that both hypercholesterolaemia and ApoE regulate the intensity of in-vivo systemic autoimmune responses.
Peripheral blood T helper type 17 frequency shows an inverse correlation with disease activity and magnetic resonance imaging-based osteitis and erosions in disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug- and steroid-naive established rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Edavalath S , Singh A , Soni N , Mohindra N , Kumar S , Misra R 
Published: August 2016

Summary
An increased expansion of T helper type 17 (Th17) cells in the synovium has been shown to play a key role in cartilage and bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Because the correlation of the peripheral blood helper T cell subsets and various inflammatory cytokines with the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based parameters have not been studied adequately to date, we sought to look for the same in this study. RA patients with disease duration less than 36 months, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and steroid-naive, were recruited. MRI of the dominant hand and wrist was performed using a 0·2 Tesla MRI machine. Peripheral blood Th1 and Th17 were enumerated by flow cytometry and serum interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-17 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Forty consecutive seropositive RA patients [33 females, mean disease duration 12·2 months, mean disease activity score (DAS)28 = 4·4] were included. MRI revealed erosions in 80% of these subjects. On subgroup analysis, prevalence of erosions (94 versus 68%) as well as mean erosion score (11·5 ± 18·9 versus 3·5 ± 6·0) were significantly higher in established RA (13–36 months' duration) compared to early RA (0–12 months). The median peripheral blood Th17 frequencies were significantly higher in patients (1·4%) compared to healthy controls (0·7%) and had a strong negative correlation with MRI parameters of erosion and osteitis as well as with DAS28 in the established RA subgroup. The frequency of peripheral blood Th17 subset was significantly expanded in established RA which correlated inversely with disease activity as well as MRI based erosions and osteitis.
Systemic allergic dermatitis caused by sesquiterpene lactones
Authors: Paulsen Evy 
Published: August 2016

SummaryPatients with Compositae sensitization are routinely warned against the ingestion of vegetables, spices, teas and herbal remedies from this family of plants. The evidence for the occurrence of systemic allergic dermatitis caused by sesquiterpene lactone‐containing plants is mostly anecdotal and based on statements from patients rather than scientific data. However, a few clinical reports on accidental sensitization and exposure and oral challenge prove the existence of this kind of reaction, most convincingly for strong contact allergens such as costunolide in bay leaves, and less so for weak allergens such as those of lettuce. Other Compositae species suspected of causing systemic reactions are artichoke, mugwort, yarrow, dandelion, feverfew, and elecampane. Some Compositae vegetables and teas, such as lettuce and chamomile tea, may induce systemic reactions through both humoral and cell‐mediated mechanisms. It is difficult to disentangle the contribution of these reactions to both local and systemic symptoms of skin and mucous membranes in, for example, lettuce contact allergy. Further studies are needed to assess the prevalence of systemic allergic dermatitis caused by sesquiterpene lactones, and to clarify the pathogenesis for individual haptens.
Overly Regulated Thinking and Autism Revisited
Authors: Cashin Andrew , Yorke James 
Published: August 2016

PROBLEMHumans exist within a socially mediated dynamical system. Frequent demands are experienced to respond to change in the environment to adapt and flourish. People with autism have impaired behavioral and thinking flexibility and experience high levels of anxiety, as change and adaptation do not come naturally. The disability inherent in autism is by definition the impaired social and occupational functioning that results from lack of adaptation. The point of the behavioral triad of restricted and repetitive interests, activities, and behaviors has received relatively little attention as compared to the other two points of the triad.METHODSA review of the literature related to restricted and repetitive interests and activities and behaviors and autism was conducted to inform this theoretical review.FINDINGSThis paper considers the overly regulated thought and behavior inherent in autism spectrum disorders through the lens of dynamical systems, and an explanatory model is generated.CONCLUSIONThe mathematical tools applied to understand dynamical systems may be a fruitful basis of further research to enable the movement from a theoretical concept of overly regulated thinking and behavior in autism to an empirically derived understanding.
Distinct Electrocardiographic Form of Idiopathic Ventricular Arrhythmia Originating From the Left Bundle Branch
Authors: PATHAK RAJEEV K. , BETENSKY BRIAN P. , SANTANGELI PASQUALE , DIXIT SANJAY 
Published: August 2016

Distinct Electrocardiographic Form of Idiopathic VAMost premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) arise from the right or left ventricular outflow tract. Some VPCs originate near the His‐bundle region. However, there remains a paucity of information on PVCs originating directly from the cardiac conduction system. We describe 2 cases with idiopathic frequent PVCs that were mapped directly to the left bundle branch itself. We also provide an anatomic‐based mapping and ablation approach for management of these uncommon and challenging arrhythmias. In both cases we were able to either eliminate or significantly suppress the ectopic source by applying radiofrequency at this location without causing any significant impairment of the atrioventricular conduction.