bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ESTUARINE CURRENTS AND TIDAL STREAMS
Authors: Agnew Roderick 
Published: June 2017

Fresh water spreading out from the mouth of a river as it enters a salt sea may preserve its identity for a considerable distance on the surface if wind-generated waves, longshore currents and tidal streams are capable of producing only weak mixing. Fig. 1 shows the three dimensional shape of a fresh-water tongue overlying more dense salt water, derived by Takano (1954) on the assumption of constant eddy viscosity and constant density in the fresh water layer, below which the density increases according to an assumed law, making an asymptotic approach to the density of salt water. Takano's model is thus a water jet entraining salt from around and below it.
Salt or brackish water may penetrate along the deep channels of an estuary in the shape of a wedge complementary to the fresh water tongue, the salt wedge retreating seawards as heavy rainfall increases the river discharge, and advancing in dry weather intervals. Tidal streams cause a regular oscillation of both fresh and braok water in flood and ebb directions but the seasonal movements of the sloping boundary between fresh and salt water may still be important in low-lying delta regions. Strong tidal streams lead to intense mixing, when neither a fresh water tongue nor a salt wedge can be distinguished, but the isohalines (salinity contours) preserve the general wedge pattern - see Figs. 3 to 6. In the upper reaches of an estuary it is possible to study the effect of the tidal motion by treating it as a simple harmonic perturbation of the uni-directional river flow. Even in the middle portion of the estuary where there is reversal of the horizontal motion, one may seek a "quasi steady" solution for the net effect (seaward movement of fresh water) while allowing for the increased turbulence due to the tidal action. At the seaward end of the estuary there is little deviation from the astronomical tidal rhythm, so the problem reduces to simple harmonic oscillations of salt water. Higher harmonics may be introduced as an extension of the simple solution. For a first approximation it is sufficient to consider flow in the longitudinal vertical plane, to assume that the pressure distribution is hydrostatic as in long wave theory, and even to neglect inertia terms when investigating net effects.
WAVE HEIGHT MEASURING EQUIPMENT
Authors: Boiten E.H. 
Published: June 2017

The equipment was designed to obtain data from sea waves. It was developed by the Organization for Applied Scientific Research at Delft in coordination with the Royal Dutch Navy. The intention of the measurements with the wave height measuring equipment was to establish a correlation between the sea motion and the movements of a ship, which is steaming in that sea. So wave measurements and measurements of the ship movements were always carried out simultaneously. To have the movement of the ship free from the position of the wave meter, a telemetering system was chosen to transmit the data from the wave meter. The receiving and recording instruments are placed on board the ship.
The first measurement was made in December 1958. At that moment, the wave meter consisted of a buoy assembly in which was mounted a transmitter coupled with an accelerometer. The accelerometer measured the accelerations of the wave meter in a direction perpendicular to the water surface. The carrier of the transmitter was direct frequency modulated by the signal of the accelerometer. After this measurement it became desirable to gather more data from the sea waves. For that reason the instrumentation of the wave meter was extended with a gyro, which measures the slope of the waves. The slope is determined by the angles of the water surface with respect to the horizontal plane in two directions perpendicular to each other. The angle signals frequency-modulate two subcarriers, which in their turn amplitude-modulated the transmitter carrier . With this more complicated equipment a measurement was made in November 1959. In this paper a description is given of the instrumentation of the wave meter and the receiving and recording equipment as it is at the present with a slightly changed modulating system. As the data from the wave meter could be used to study only the wave motion apart from the ship, it seems reasonable to present this paper at this conference.
SUSPENDED SEDIMENT DUE TO WAVE ACTION
Authors: Hom-ma Masashi , Horikawa Kiyoshi 
Published: June 2017

The sediment movement in the littoral zone occurs
in the form of bed load (material rolled and pushed
along the bottom by shear stress) and suspended load (material maintained in suspension by action of waves and currents). The present paper is concerned with studies through both the field and laboratory investigations intended to determine the concentration
patterns of suspended sediment due to action of surface waves. The distribution patterns of suspended
sediment sampled at an open coast were highly interesting in relation to functional and structural design of the cooling water intake system for the atomic power plant now being under construction at the Pacific Ocean coast of Tokai, Ibaragi Prefecture, Japan.
As far as the authors are concerned, the clear
relationship between hydraulic conditions, such as
height and period of waves, water depth, water temperature, etc., and sediment characteristics has not yet been established, although a number of researches have been conducted in the laboratory and in the field.
THE "TETRAPOD"
Authors: Daniel P. , Greslou L. 
Published: June 2017

The Tetrapod was invented twelve years ago and the first breakwater with a Tetrapod protection was built eleven years ago. It is felt that a review of the results since obtained with these artificial blocks may be of some interest, preferably in the form of an objective practical examination of the behaviour of Tetrapod-protected structures during the past few years, and of the way in which they have stood up to bad weather during the period. First, however, a brief description will be given of the development of the Tetrapod and the Tetrapod technique.
Most breakwaters are of the rubble-mound type, because of the very good hydraulic properties of this type of design ; the seaward slope, roughness and "porosity" of their facings are generally such as to ensure the gradual destruction of wave energy, reduce wave overtopping and reflection and minimize toe erosion risks.
THE MARCH 1962 STORM ON THE ATLANTIC COAST OF THE UNITED STATES
Authors: O'Brien M.P. , Johnson J.W. 
Published: June 2017

As far back as 1635, records show that the East Coast of the United States has repeatedly suffered from severe storm damage (McAleer , 1962). Most of these storms appear to have been of the hurricane type. Such storms generally form in the Atlantic to the east of the Bahama Islands and move eastward and then turn northward to sweep along the Atlantic Coast line (Fig. 1). Along the southern part of the Atlantic Coast the hurricanes move relatively slowly; damage results principally from flooding caused by direct wind action. North of Cape Hatteras the hurricanes move more rapidly (speeds of 40 to 50 miles per hour) and damage is largely due to sudden flooding from a rapidly moving storm surge (Simpson, 1962). The combination of storm surge, wind-driven water, and storm waves inundating large areas along the coast has on numerous occasions caused great damage and loss of life. The great Atlantic Coast storm of March 1962, however, differed in character from the usual hurricane. It proved to be the most disastrous winter coastal storm on record, causing damage from southern New England to Florida. This storm, of relatively large diameter and having gale force winds, remained nearly stationary off the Coast for almost 36 hours . The size and location of the storm, as further discussed below, was such that persistent strong northeasterly winds blowing over a relatively long fetch raised the spring tides (maximum range) to near-record levels. The tidal flooding which attended this storm was in many ways more disastrous than that which accompanies hurricanes (Cooperman and Rosendal, 1962). The storm surge in tropical cyclones
generally recedes rapidly after one or two high tides, but the surge accompanying this storm occurred in many locations on four and five successive high tides .' The great destruction was caused by high waves and breakers superimposed on these high tides.
TRANSFORMATION, BREAKING AND RUN-UP OF A LONG WAVE OF FINITE HEIGHT
Authors: Kishi Tsutomu 
Published: June 2017

On studying the transformation, breaking and run-up of a relatively steep wave of a short period, the theory for waves of permanent type has given us many fruitful results. However, the theory gradually loses its applicability as a wave becomes flat, since a considerable deformation of the wave profile is inevitable in its propagation.
In § 1, a discussion concerning the transformation of a long wave in a channel of variable section is presented based on the non-linear shallow water theory. Approximate solutions obtained by G. B. Whitham's method (1958) are shown. Further, some brief considerations are given to the effects of bottom friction on wave transformation.
In § 2, breaking of a long wave is discussed. Breakings on a uniformly sloping beach and on a beach of parabolic profile are considered and the effects of beach profile on breaking are clarified. Finally in § 3, experimental results on wave run-up over l/30 slope are described in comparing with the Kaplan's results.
Synergistic Vertical Graphene‐Exsolved Perovskite to Boost Reaction Kinetics for Flexible Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Du Juwei , Zhang Nan , Zhang Wenyu , Shi Xiaojun , Gong Yansheng , Wang Rui , Wang Huanwen , Jin Jun , Zhao Ling , He Beibei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractZinc–air batteries (ZABs) hold significant promise for flexible electronics due to their high energy density and low cost. However, their practical application is hindered by the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution and oxygen reduction reactions (OER/ORR). This study highlights a novel design of vertical graphene arrays (VGs) anchored on PrBa0.5Sr0.5Co1.8Ru0.2O5+δ (PBSCRu) perovskite nanofibers, fabricated via plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Notably, the VG growth induces the exsolution of Co nanoparticles from the PBSCRu perovskite, resulting in a unique PBSCRu‐Co‐VG heterostructure. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that constructing PBSCRu‐Co‐VG heterojunction regulates interfacial electronic redistribution, thereby lowering energy barriers for both OER and ORR. As a result, the PBSCRu@VG‐5 electrocatalyst exhibits superior stability and higher peak power density in both liquid and flexible solid‐state ZABs compared to the pristine PBSCRu electrocatalyst. This protocol advances the integration of synergetic perovskite/metal/graphene composites, offering considerable potential for next‐generation energy conversion technologies.
Wrinkled Shrinkage on Surface Monophasic Structure of Floating Refractory Alloy Droplets Solidified in Space Environment
Authors: Liu Dingnan , Wang Haipeng , Liao Hui , Chang Jian , Wei Bingbo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe surface‐wrinkled shrinkage structure of spheres is very common and also quite intriguing to explore and reveal the analogous droplet solidification kinetics in the space environment. Here, a liquid‐to‐solid phase transition experiment of floating refractory alloy droplets is designed to study the surface wrinkled shrinkage structures aboard China Space Station with a 10−5 gravity level. The experimental Ti‐Ni‐V alloy droplets undergo an extremely high overheating temperature beyond 1800 K and then achieve a supercooling of 307 K, displaying a strong thermodynamic metastability. The spherical surface deformation structures of this alloy under microgravity coupled with extreme metastable solidification are explored. Moreover, through the active control of metastable rapid solidification, a surface monophasic structure and a B2 structure capable of stress‐induced martensitic transformation are facilitated by wrinkled shrinkage dynamics under microgravity. Their findings shed further light on the surface deformation structures during the microgravity solidification process.
Achieving Broadband Microwave Shielding, Thermal Management, and Smart Window in Energy‐Efficient Buildings
Authors: Tan Shujuan , Guo Shennan , Wu Yue , Zhang Taichen , Tang Jiameng , Ji Guangbin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEnergy‐efficient building materials are eye‐catching for reducing indoor energy consumption via eliminating electromagnetic interference and pollution, controlling the thermal transfer, and promoting sunlight harvesting and providing a comfortable living environment. To realize broadband microwave shielding, the elaborate control of microstructures has showed great potential and research direction. By composition regulation and structure design with various dimension, the synergistic effects including conductive networks, interfacial polarization, magnetic coupling, dipole polarization, and dielectric‐magnetic synergy, can significantly improve electromagnetic (EM) shielding capacity. Thermal management including thermal conversion, thermal storage, thermal radiation, and thermal conduction has enormous potential in enhancing the sustainability and energy efficiency for future buildings. Smart windows are able to switch optical transmittance and colors, which is contributed to saving building energy. Herein, in this review, the recent progress of broadband shielding, thermal management, and smart window in the field of energy‐efficient buildings is summarized, from the aspects of materials, mechanisms, and scenarios. Further, the main bottlenecks and problems are discussed, and potential research opportunities are further highlighted.
Modular Multi‐Parametric and Portable Readout System for Point‐of‐Care Applications
Authors: Khan Dibyendu , Wijakmatee Thossaporn , Sriram Aniruddha , Nikookhesal Aidin , Weinhold Elmar , Shimoyama Yusuke , Pachauri Vivek , Ingebrandt Sven 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA portable, battery‐powered, multi‐purpose readout system for combined optical and thermal measurements is presented. The system is modular with four independent input channels for different measurement schemes, allowing simultaneous multi‐parameter measurements to detect analytes of interest. Combined optical and thermal readout for spectroscopy is implemented by installing two different analog front‐end modules in the four input channels equipped with a micro spectrometer and a high‐resolution temperature sensor, respectively. The readout system is utilized to measure fluorescence signals of a common dye functionalized on gold nanoparticle‐DNA conjugates as a function of the temperature. Gold nanoparticles are modified with Guanine‐rich DNA sequences to perform Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) measurements. Elongation of DNA sequences at higher temperatures resulted in stronger fluorescence signals, accurately recorded by the portable system. The precision electronic components are chosen for a precise, battery‐powered operation. The size of this versatile, compact, and portable instrument is only 15.6 × 10.6 cm2. An interactive graphical‐user‐interface developed for this system supports point‐of‐care usage. The measurements carried out with the portable system showed a very close match with a commercial set‐up, with deviations less than 1 nm in the optical spectra and less than 0.5 °C in temperature.
ASH1L in Hepatoma Cells and Hepatic Stellate Cells Promotes Fibrosis‐Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Modulating Tumor‐Associated Macrophages
Authors: Du Yuyang , Wu Shasha , Xi Shaoyan , Xu Wei , Sun Liangzhan , Yan Jingsong , Gao Han , Wang Yanchen , Zheng Jingyi , Wang Fenfen , Yang Hui , Xie Dan , Chen Xi , Ou Xijun , Guan Xin‐Yuan , Li Yan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) often occurs in the context of fibrosis or cirrhosis. Methylation of histone is an important epigenetic mechanism, but it is unclear whether histone methyltransferases are potent targets for fibrosis‐associated HCC therapy. ASH1L, an H3K4 methyltransferase, is found at higher levels in activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and hepatoma cells. To determine the role of ASH1L in vivo, transgenic mice with conditional Ash1l depletion in the hepatocyte cell lineage (Ash1lflox/floxAlbcre) or HSCs (Ash1lflox/floxGFAPcreERT2) are generated, and these mice are challenged in a diethylnitrosamine (DEN)/carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐induced model of liver fibrosis and HCC. Depleting Ash1l in both hepatocytes and HSCs mitigates hepatic fibrosis and HCC development. Multicolor flow cytometry, bulk, and single‐cell transcriptomic sequencing reveal that ASH1L creates an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Mechanically, ASH1L‐mediated H3K4me3 modification increases the expression of CCL2 and CSF1, which recruites and polarizes M2‐like pro‐tumorigenic macrophages. The M2‐like macrophages further enhance tumor cell proliferation and suppress CD8+ T cell activation. AS‐99, a small molecule inhibitor of ASH1L, demonstrates similar anti‐fibrosis and tumor‐suppressive effects. Of pathophysiological significance, the increased expression levels of mesenchymal ASH1L and M2 marker CD68 are associated with poor prognosis of HCC. The findings reveal ASH1L as a potential small‐molecule therapeutic target against fibrosis‐related HCC.
Cross‐Scale Decoupling Kinetic Processes in Lithium‐Ion Batteries Using the Multi‐Dimensional Distribution of Relaxation Time
Authors: Cai Xue , Zhang Caiping , Ruan Haijun , Chen Zeping , Zhang Linjing , Sauer Dirk Uwe , Li Weihan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo non‐destructively resolve and diagnose the degradation mechanisms of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), it is necessary to cross‐scale decouple complex kinetic processes through the distribution of relaxation times (DRT). However, LIBs with low interfacial impedance render DRT unreliable without data processing and closed‐loop validation. This study proposes a hierarchical analytical framework to enhance timescale resolution and reduce uncertainty, including interfacial impedance reconstruction and multi‐dimensional DRT analysis. Interfacial impedance is reconstructed by eliminating simulated inductive and diffusive impedance based on a high‐fidelity frequency‐domain model. Multi‐dimensional DRT decouples solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and charge transfer (CT) processes by the reversibility of electrochemical reactions with state of charge (SOC) to characterize electrode kinetic evolution driven by SOC and temperature through timescales and peak area. The findings reveal that reconstructed impedance improves the accuracy of identified time constants by ≈20%. Cross‐scale DRT results reveal that SOCs below 10% at 25 °C effectively distinguish electrode kinetics due to the high correlation between cathodic CT and SOC. Kinetic metrics characterize that anodic SEI or CT are different control steps limiting the low‐temperature performance of different cells. This work underscores the potential of the proposed framework for non‐destructive diagnostics of kinetic evolution.
The S2 Pocket Governs the Genus‐Specific Substrate Selectivity of Coronavirus 3C‐Like Protease
Authors: Zhou Junwei , Sun Peng , Yang Zhixiang , Wang Taiquan , Guo Jiahui , Qiu Runhui , Li Zhuang , Wei Dengguo , Zheng Jinshui , Peng Guiqing , Fang Liurong , Xiao Shaobo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCoronavirus 3C‐like protease (CoV 3CLpro) is essential for viral replication, providing an attractive target for monitoring the evolution of CoV and developing anti‐CoV drugs. Here, the substrate‐binding modes of 3CLpros from four CoV genera are analyzed and found that the S2 pocket in 3CLpro is highly conserved within each genus but differs between genera. Functionally, the S2 pocket, in conjunction with S4 and S1′ pockets, governs the genus‐specific substrate selectivity of 3CLpro. Resurrected ancestral 3CLpros from four CoV genera validate the genus‐specific divergence of S2 pocket. Drawing upon the genus‐specific S2 pocket as evolutionary marker, eight newly identified 3CLpros uncover the ancestral state of modern 3CLpro and elucidate the possible evolutionary process for CoV. It is also demonstrated that the S2 pocket is highly correlated with the genus‐specific inhibitory potency of PF‐07321332 (an FDA‐approved drug against COVID‐19) on different CoV 3CLpros. This study on 3CLpro provides novel insights to inform evolutionary mechanisms for CoV and develop genera‐specific or broad‐spectrum drugs against CoVs.
Bismuth‐Tin Core–Shell Particles From Liquid Metals: A Novel, Highly Efficient Photothermal Material that Combines Broadband Light Absorption with Effective Light‐to‐Heat Conversion
Authors: Seyda Dogu , Dincer Orcun , İnce Duygu , Cugunlular Murathan , Unalan Husnu Emrah , Çınar Aygün Simge 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study presents a pioneering investigation of hybrid bismuth‐tin (BiSn) liquid metal particles for photothermal applications. It is shown that the intrinsic core–shell structure of liquid metal particles can be instrumentalized to combine the broadband absorption characteristics of defect‐rich nano‐oxides and the high light‐to‐heat conversion efficiency of metallic particles. Even though bismuth or tin does not show any photothermal characteristics alone, optimization of the core–shell structure of BiSn particles leads to the discovery of novel, highly efficient photothermal materials. Particles with optimized structures can absorb 85% of broadband light and achieve over 90% photothermal conversion efficiency. It is demonstrated that these particles can be used as a solar absorber for solar water evaporation systems owing to their broadband absorption capability and become a non‐carbon alternative enabling scalable applications. We also showcased their use in polymer actuators in which a near‐infrared (NIR) response stems from their oxide shell, and fast heating/cooling rates achieved by the metal core enable rapid response and local movement. These findings underscore the potential of BiSn liquid metal‐derived core–shell particles for diverse applications, capitalizing on their outstanding photothermal properties as well as their facile and scalable synthesis conditions.
Stimulating Chiral Selective Expression of Room Temperature Phosphorescence for Chirality Recognition
Authors: Gao Zhisheng , Yan Xin , Jia Qi , Zhang Jingru , Guo Guangyao , Li Huanhuan , Li Hui , Xie Gaozhan , Tao Ye , Chen Runfeng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractChiral recognition is crucial for applications in chiral purity assessment and biomedical fields. However, achieving chiral recognition through visible room temperature phosphorescence remains challenging. Here, two chiral molecules, designated as host and guest are synthesized, which possess similar structural configurations. A viable strategy involving a chiral configuration‐dependent energy transfer process to enable selective phosphorescence expression is proposed, thereby enabling chiral recognition in a host‐guest doping system. The chiral and structural similarity between host and guest facilitates efficient Dexter energy transfer due to the reduced spatial distance between the molecules. This mechanism significantly enhances the intensity of red phosphorescence from the guest molecule, characterized by an emission peak at 612 nm and a prolonged lifetime of 32.7 ms. This work elucidates the mechanism of chiral‐dependent energy transfer, demonstrating its potential for selectively expressing phosphorescence in chiral recognition.