bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanochemical Preparation of Stable Sub‐100 nm γ‐Cyclodextrin:Buckminsterfullerene (C60) Nanoparticles by Electrostatic or Steric Stabilization
Authors: Van Guyse Joachim F. R. , de la Rosa Victor R. , Hoogenboom Richard 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBuckminster fullerene (C60)′s main hurdle to enter the field of biomedicine is its low bioavailability, which results from its extremely low water solubility. A well‐known approach to increase the water solubility of C60 is by complexation with γ‐cyclodextrins. However, the formed complexes are not stable in time as they rapidly aggregate and eventually precipitate due to attractive intermolecular forces, a common problem in inclusion complexes of cyclodextrins. In this study we attempt to overcome the attractive intermolecular forces between the complexes by designing custom γ‐cyclodextrin (γCD)‐based supramolecular hosts for C60 that inhibit the aggregation found in native γCD‐C60 complexes. The approach entails the introduction of either repulsive electrostatic forces or increased steric hindrance to prevent aggregation, thus enhancing the biomedical application potential of C60. These modifications have led to new sub‐100 nm nanostructures that show long‐term stability in solution.
Efficient resolution of venlafaxine and mechanism study via X‐ray crystallography
Authors: Liu Zhi‐Jin , Liu Han , Chen Xuan‐Wen , Lin Min , Hu Yu , Tuo Xun , Yuan Zhong‐Yi , Sun Xiao‐Xia 
Published: December 2017

AbstractNumbers of resolving factors were investigated to improve resolution of venlafaxine 1. An effective resolving agent, O,O′‐di‐p‐toluoyl‐(R, R)‐tartaric acid 2, was screened using similar method of ‘Dutch resolution’ from tartaric acid derivatives. The resolution efficiency was up to 88.4%, when the ratio of rac‐1 and 2 was 1:0.8 in THF with little water (10:1 v/v). Enantiomerically pure venlafaxine was prepared with 99.1% ee in 82.2% yield. The chiral resolution mechanism was first explained through X‐ray crystallographic study. One diastereomeric salt with well solubility forms a columnar supramolecular structure as the acidic salt (R)‐1·2, while the other diastereomeric salt with less solubility forms a multilayered sandwich supramolecular structure by enantio‐differentiation self‐assembly as the neutral salt 2(S)‐1·2. The water molecules play a key role in the optical resolution, as indicated by the special structures of the diastereomeric salts.
Organische Leuchtdioden im Chemieunterricht
Authors: Banerji A. , Dörschelln Jennifer , Schwarz Daniela 
Published: December 2017

ZusammenfassungDie vorgestellten didaktischen Entwicklungen zu konjugierten Polymeren und der Elektrolumineszenz in organischen Leuchtdioden sollen Lehrkräfte dabei unterstützen, Zukunftstechnologien in ihren Unterricht einzubinden. Dabei bietet der Kontext Smartphone‐Display einen Lebensweltbezug für die Lernenden und kann dazu genutzt werden, Lehrplaninhalte wie Energiestufen‐/ Orbitalmodell, Polymere, Farbigkeit oder Elektrochemie anwendungsbezogen und motivierend zu vermitteln. Der Bau einer Low‐cost‐OLED gelingt mit etwas Übung selbst im Schülerexperiment.
Patient‐reported outcomes enhance the survival prediction of traditional disease risk classifications: An international study in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Efficace Fabio , Cottone Francesco , Abel Gregory , Niscola Pasquale , Gaidano Gianluca , Bonnetain Franck , Anota Amelie , Caocci Giovanni , Cronin Angel , Fianchi Luana , Breccia Massimo , Stauder Reinhard , Platzbecker Uwe , Palumbo Giuseppe A. , Luppi Mario , Invernizzi Rosangela , Bergamaschi Micaela , Borin Lorenza , Di Tucci Anna Angela , Zhang Huiyong , Sprangers Mirjam , Vignetti Marco , Mandelli Franco 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUNDCurrent prognostic systems for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are based on clinical, pathologic, and laboratory indicators. The objective of the current study was to develop a new patient‐centered prognostic index for patients with advanced MDS by including self‐reported fatigue severity into a well‐established clinical risk classification: the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS).METHODSA total of 469 patients with advanced (ie, IPSS intermediate‐2 or high‐risk) MDS were analyzed. Untreated patients (280 patients) were recruited into an international prospective cohort observational study to create the index. The index then was applied to an independent cohort including pretreated patients with MDS from the Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute in Boston, Massachusetts (189 patients). At baseline, patients completed the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire‐Core 30 (EORTC QLQ‐C30).RESULTSA new prognostic index was developed: the FA‐IPSS(h), in which FA stands for fatigue and h for higher‐risk. This new risk classification enabled the authors to distinguish 3 subgroups of patients with distinct survival outcomes (ie, risk‐1, risk‐2, and risk‐3). Patients classified as FA‐IPSS(h) risk‐1 had a median overall survival (OS) of 23 months (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 19‐29 months), whereas those with risk‐2 had a median OS of 16 months (95% CI, 12‐17 months) and those with risk‐3 had a median OS of 10 months (95% CI, 4‐13 months). The predictive accuracy of this new index was higher than that of the IPSS alone in both the development cohort as well as in the independent cohort including pretreated patients.CONCLUSIONSThe FA‐IPSS(h) is a novel patient‐centered prognostic index that includes patients' self‐reported fatigue severity. The authors believe its use might enhance physicians' ability to predict survival more accurately in patients with advanced MDS. Cancer 2018;124:1251‐9. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
StackSync: Attribute‐based data sharing in file synchronization services
Authors: Sánchez‐Artigas Marc , Cotes Cristian , Rodriguez Marc R. , García‐Lopez Pedro 
Published: December 2017

SummaryPersonal Cloud (PC) storage services such as Dropbox or Google Drive have become increasingly popular in the last few years. Unfortunately, these services are still not secure. Even assuming “perfect” data confidentiality, securely sharing a folder in these services is still an issue, and this without mentioning the fact that the existing sharing mechanisms are typically too coarse‐grained by operating at the folder level. This is insufficient in many real situations where it is more natural to grant or deny access to files based on arbitrary user attributes and selected attributes of the file. In this research, we explore these issues and show that fine‐grained access control with strong privacy guarantees is practical in the PC. To investigate the potential practicality, we took our fully fledged open source implementation of a PC system and extended it to support fine‐grained private data sharing through attribute‐based encryption. The result was the first design and implementation of a file synchronization service, called StackSync, where the user retains complete control over his or her own data when sharing it. Never before, attribute‐based encryption had been implemented and tested on a real PC service. Our results show that StackSync is both secure and efficient for the PC.
Long term (4 years) improved insulin sensitivity following islet cell transplant in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Rydzon Brett , Monson Rebecca S. , Oberholzer Jose , Varady Krista A. , Bellin Melena D. , Danielson Kirstie K. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundImpaired insulin sensitivity (IS) predicts complications and mortality in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Insulin sensitivity improves shortly after islet cell transplant for T1D, yet long‐term changes in IS and associated factors such as patient characteristics, transplant factors, clinical management, and IS‐related biomarkers are unknown.MethodsUp to 9 years (mean 4) of longitudinal data were available on 22 adults (18 female) with T1D who received 1 to 3 transplants in Phase 1/2 or 3 clinical trials (2004‐2014). Metabolic testing posttransplant estimated IS by the Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA‐IR; 111 observations) and the Simple Index of Insulin Sensitivity (SIis; 95 observations).ResultsSimple Index of Insulin Sensitivity significantly increased the first year posttransplant (P = .02), then stabilized (P = .39); HOMA‐IR remained stable posttransplant (P = .92). Adjusting for age and BMI, higher SIis was associated with lower HbA1c following transplant (P = .03). Greater IS as measured by lower HOMA‐IR and higher SIis was associated with lower fasting C‐peptide (both P ≤ .04) and also with higher exenatide dose (both P ≤ .01). More islets transplanted were associated with higher SIis (P < .0001). Lower leptin at transplant predicted lower HOMA‐IR and higher SIis after transplant, and lower bone marker receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B ligand predicted lower HOMA‐IR (all P ≤ .01).ConclusionsInsulin sensitivity measured by SIis was improved several years following transplant, while IS measured by HOMA‐IR did not worsen. Higher exenatide dose, more islets transplanted, and diet and exercise (lowering leptin and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B ligand) may improve IS, which may enhance glycaemic control and lower metabolic demand on transplanted islets. Long‐term clamp studies are needed to confirm these results.
Evaluation of olfaction and taste function in type 2 diabetic patients with and without peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Yazla Semih , Özmen Süay , Kıyıcı Sinem , Yıldız Demet , Haksever Mehmet , Gencay Sündüz 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimsOlfaction and gustation in patients with diabetes mellitus have great significance on quality of life, and their impairment may result in possible hazards. A limited number of studies have been performed to determine the alteration of both gustatory and olfactory function in type 2 diabetic patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).The aim of this study was to determine whether type 2 diabetic patients, with and without DPN, exhibit major olfactory and gustatory dysfunction using validated and dependable techniques.MethodsAn observational‐analytical case‐control study was conducted. Sixty patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 30 healthy control subjects with a mean age of 57.1 ± 8.4 were included in the study. Patients with T2DM were recruited from the endocrinology outpatient clinic. After clinical evaluation and electromyography examination, patients with T2DM were divided into the 2 groups, with and without DPN. After a 10‐hour fasting period, blood samples were taken for the measurement of serum creatinine, lipids, and HbA1c. For the quantitative assessment of olfactory function, all participants underwent butanol threshold test and odour identification test. Gustatory function was tested administering a whole‐mouth above‐threshold test using sucrose solutions.ResultsThe control subjects showed significantly higher Sniffin' sticks and butanol threshold scores than the diabetic patients without DPN (P = .001 and P = .009). No significant difference was found in the gustatory function test between these 2 groups (P = .116). Diabetic patients with DPN had lower Sniffin' sticks scores, butanol threshold scores, and higher sucrose thresholds compared to the controls (P < .001, P < .001, and P = .002). There were no significant differences between diabetic patients with or without DPN regarding Sniffin' sticks scores, butanol threshold, and sucrose thresholds (P = .302, P = .181, and P = .118).ConclusionIn conclusion, this study demonstrates that T2DM is associated with olfactory and gustatory dysfunction. The fact that there was no difference between the diabetic patients with and without DPN elicits the idea of central neuropathy. This novel finding might facilitate the addition of olfactory and gustatory tests to the methodological spectrum of afferent pathway investigations.
The gut microbiota: An emerging risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease
Authors: Ascher Stefanie , Reinhardt Christoph 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCommensal gut microbiota have recently been implicated in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cerebrovascular disease. Atherosclerotic plaque formation depends on the colonization status of the host. In addition to host nutrition and the related microbiota‐dependent metabolic changes, activation of innate immune pathways triggers the development of atherosclerosis and supports arterial thrombosis. Gnotobiotic mouse models have uncovered that activation of Toll‐like receptor‐2 by gut microbial ligands supports von Willebrand factor‐integrin mediated platelet deposition to the site of vascular injury. Depending on nutritional factors, the microbiota‐derived choline‐metabolite trimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO) increases atherosclerotic plaque size, triggers prothrombotic platelet function and promotes arterial thrombus growth. Hence, the composition of the commensal microbiota is an emerging risk factor for CVD. Here, we provide an overview on microbiota‐dependent pathomechanisms that drive the development of CVD and arterial thrombosis.
Reagentless Microsensor Based on Conducting Poly(3‐aminophenylboronic Acid) for Rapid Detection of Microorganisms in Aerosol
Authors: Andreev Egor A. , Komkova Maria A. , Shavokshina Vera A. , Presnov Denis E. , Krupenin Vladimir A. , Karyakin Arkady A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe report on microsensor for direct detection of microorganisms in aerosol. Microsensor is based on interdigitated ultramicroelectrodes modified with electropolymerized 3‐aminophenylboronic acid (3‐APBA). Appearance of Penicillium chrysogenum in aerosol as well as further increase of its concentration lead to poly(3‐APBA) conductivity increase found by impedance spectroscopy. According to Raman spectroscopy data, the presence of microorganism affects polymer conductivity similarly to binding of glucose to polymer which results in self‐doping phenomenon. The elaborated detection technique is 100 times faster comparing to agar plate cultivation: it requires less than 20 minutes for analysis. Dynamic range of microsensor includes the upper limit for non‐contaminated air in Russian hygienic standard (500 colony‐forming units per cubic meter). The first reported reagentless detection of Penicillium chrysogenum in aerosol by conductivity increase reveals a prospect for creation of a promising alternative to conventional techniques for detection of microorganisms.
Reconstructing relational information
Authors: Horecka Kevin M. , Dulas Michael R. , Schwarb Hillary , Lucas Heather D. , Duff Melissa , Cohen Neal J 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHippocampal involvement in learning and remembering relational information has an extensive history, often focusing specifically on spatial information. In humans, spatial reconstruction (SR) paradigms are a powerful tool for evaluating an individuals' spatial‐relational memory. In SR tasks, participants study locations of items in space and subsequently reconstruct the studied display after a short delay. Previous work has revealed that patients with hippocampal damage are impaired both in overall placement accuracy as well as on a specific measure of relational memory efficacy, “swaps” (i.e., when the relative location of two items is reversed). However, the necessity of the hippocampus for other types of spatial‐relational information involved in reconstruction behaviors (e.g., where in the environment and relative to which other items an item was located) have not yet been investigated systematically. In this work, three patients with hippocampal damage and nine healthy matched comparison participants performed an SR task. An analysis framework was developed to independently assess three first‐order types of relations: (1) memory for the binding of specific item identities to locations, (2) memory for arrangement of items in relation to each other or the environment bounds, regardless of memory for the item identity, and (3) higher‐order, compound relational errors (i.e., errors involving multiple pieces of relational information). Reconstruction errors were evaluated to determine the degree to which patients and comparisons differed (or not) on each type of spatial‐relational information. Data revealed that the primary group difference in performance was for identity‐location information. However, when the locations of items were evaluated without regarding the identities, no group difference was found in the number of item placements to studied locations. The present work provides a principled approach to analysis of SR data and clarifies our understanding of the types of spatial relations impaired in hippocampal damaged.
Emotion awareness and somatic complaints in preadolescence: The mediating role of coping strategies
Authors: Mazzone Angela , Camodeca Marina 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSomatic complaints are frequent among preadolescents with impaired emotion awareness and maladaptive coping strategies. In addition, coping strategies in response to stressful events have been suggested to affect the association between emotion awareness and somatic complaints. However, empirical support for this assumption is missing. In this study, we examined the extent to which emotion awareness and coping contributed uniquely to somatic complaints and the indirect effect of emotion awareness on somatic complaints through coping strategies, among preadolescent boys and girls. Self‐reports were administered to 265 preadolescents (137 boys; Mage = 12.04) to investigate somatic complaints, emotion awareness, and coping strategies to deal with peer victimization. A subsample (N = 97) was assessed after a 12‐month time‐span. Cross‐sectional results indicated that more somatic complaints were associated with less emotion awareness and problem‐solving and with more internalizing and externalizing coping. Poor emotion awareness was indirectly associated with somatic complaints through internalizing for boys and through distraction, externalizing, and internalizing for girls. Emotion awareness was longitudinally associated with somatic complaints through distraction for boys. Overall, findings suggested that less emotion awareness was associated with more maladaptive coping strategies, which in turn contributed to more somatic complaints. Implications for research and intervention are discussed.Highlights

The present study investigated the associations between somatic complaints, emotion awareness, and coping strategies among preadolescent boys and girls.
Self‐report data were collected. Results showed that poor emotion awareness was indirectly associated with somatic complaints through internalizing for boys and through distraction, externalizing, and internalizing for girls.
Improving emotion awareness and effective coping strategies may reduce somatic complaints among preadolescents and offer them a better social and psychological adjustment.
Tracking of Areal Bone Mineral Density From Age Eight to Young Adulthood and Factors Associated With Deviation From Tracking: A 17-Year Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Yang Yi , Wu Feitong , Winzenberg Tania , Jones Graeme 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

We have previously shown that bone mineral density (BMD) tracks strongly from age 8 to 16 years. This study aimed to describe whether this strong tracking continued to age 25 years and describe factors associated with deviation from tracking. Ninety-nine participants were followed from age 8 to 25 years and 197 participants from age 16 to 25 years. Outcomes measured were BMD at the spine, hip, and total body (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry [DXA]). Other factors measured were anthropometrics, inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) use, history of being breastfed, sports participation, fitness (by physical work capacity [PWC170]), lean mass (LM), and fat mass (FM) (by DXA). There was moderate to strong tracking of BMD from age 8 to 25 years (correlation coefficients: males, 0.59 to 0.65; females, 0.70 to 0.82) and strong tracking from age 16 to 25 years (males, 0.81 to 0.83; females, 0.84 to 0.88) after adjustment for change in body size. From age 8 to 25 years, 54% to 56% of participants kept their BMD tertile position. PWC170 at age 8 years, relative and absolute change in LM, and sports participation at age 25 years predicted males would improve their tertile position or remain in the highest tertile of spine or hip BMD. However, relative and absolute change in FM had the opposite association in males while absolute change in FM predicted positive deviation in females. From age 16 to 25 years, LM, PWC170, sports participation at age 16 years, and change in LM, PWC170, and sports participation at age 25 years predicted positive deviation in males. LM at age 16 years was positively associated and PWC170 negatively associated with positive deviation in females. BMD tracks from childhood to early adulthood in both males and females. There appears to be greater capacity to alter tracking before age 16 years. Increasing LM in both sexes and improving fitness and sports participation in males during growth might be effective strategies to improve BMD in early adulthood. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Metformin inhibits tumorigenesis in HBV‐induced hepatocellular carcinoma by suppressing HULC overexpression caused by HBX
Authors: Jiang Zhen , Liu Haichao 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe aimed to understand whether metformin imposes the inhibitory effect on the HBV‐associated tumorigenesis by regulating the HULC and its downstream signaling pathway. Luciferase assay, RT‐PCR, and Western‐blot, MTT and flow cytometry analysis were performed to understand and the mechanism, by which metformin enhance the inhibitory effect on the HBV‐associated tumorigenesis by regulating the HULC and its downstream signaling pathway. HBX promoted viability of three types of cell lines, while metformin inhibited apoptosis of above two cells. ZEB1 was a direct downstream of miR‐200a, which was further confirmed that miR‐200a reduced luciferase activity of wild‐type but not mutant ZEB1 3′UTR, and HULC was bound to region of miR‐200a‐3p using alignment prediction, but can't affect ZEB1 level. HULC transcription ability, HULC, ZEB1, and p18 levels were much higher in cell treated with HBX, while notably lower in cell treated with metformin, furthermore miR‐200a level in cell showed an opposite trend as HULC, ZEB1, and p18 levels. HULC siRNA and miR‐200a had no effect on HULC transcription ability, but decreased HULC, ZEB1, and p18 levels, and increased miR‐200a expression. HBV (+) HCC +metformin exhibited a higher survival ratio and a lower recurrence rates than HBV (+) HCC group, HBV (−) HCC displayed an even higher survival ratio and an even lower recurrence rates than HBV (+) HCC + metformin groups. This study indicated that metformin imposed inhibitory effect on the HBV‐associated HCC by negatively regulating the HULC/p18/miR‐200a/ZEB1 signaling pathway.