bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal, mechanical properties and morphology of epoxy resins modified with light pyrolysis natural rubber
Authors: Zhao Xinyu , Wang Shifeng 
Published: December 2017

AbstractInstead of using traditional functional liquid rubbers in toughening epoxy, light pyrolysis natural rubber (LPNR) obtained from scrap rubber was introduced to improve the toughness of cured epoxy resins. Epoxy blends were prepared by physically mixing the epoxy resins with various concentrations of LPNR. The structure, thermal, mechanical properties and morphology of the epoxy blends were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, impact behavior, and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the inclusion of 5 phr LPNR reached the maximum value in impact strength of the modified epoxies and the presence of LPNR enables the epoxy resins to fracture in a pattern more akin to ductile materials than in case of the neat epoxy which shows features of brittle rupture. The agglomeration of rubber particles decreased the toughness of epoxy resins modified with more LPNR. Meanwhile, the nearly unchanged glass transition temperature of LPNR epoxy samples illustrated weak interfacial adhesion existed between the rubber phase and epoxy matrix due to low compatibility and feeble combination between them. The thermal stability of modified epoxy resins went down because of the existence of LPNR domains inside the matrix. Overall, the LPNR should be further investigated to improve its compatibility and reinforce its combination with the epoxy resins to become a particularly efficient toughening agent because of its cheaper resource and contribution to environmental protection.
Preparation of hierarchical carbon nanotube–carbon fiber composites with coordination enhancement
Authors: Xue Han , A Nuona , Xiao Yinghong , Che Jianfei 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSingle‐walled carbon nanotubes–carbon fiber (SWNTs@CF) hierarchical fibers were prepared by electrophoretic deposition. To improve the interfacial strength between SWNTs and CF, a hexahapto‐metal complex, Cr(CO)6, was added to the electrophoretic system to prepare hierarchical fibers (SWNTs‐Cr(CO)6@CF). Results revealed that SWNTs covered CF surface entirely and formed a hierarchical structure. The morphology could be tailored from scattered nanotubes over forest to network by varying the deposition voltage. The hierarchical fibers were highly compatible with epoxy matrix, which could significantly increase the interfacial adhesion through interlocking epoxy matrix. Tensile properties were studied to investigate the effect of interfacial adhesion on mechanical properties of the reinforced composites. The polymeric composite, reinforced by SWNTs‐Cr(CO)6@CF, exhibited a remarkably high tensile strength of 519 MPa with the content ratio of 1.5:1 (Cr(CO)6:SWNTs). The improvement was up to 193% compared to the desized CF composite and 19% compared to SWNTs@CF composite. Additionally, thermogravimetric analyses demonstrated that the SWNTs‐Cr(CO)6@CF composite exhibited superior heat stability.
Nanosized Metal Phosphides Embedded in Nitrogen‐Doped Porous Carbon Nanofibers for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution at All pH Values
Authors: Wang Min‐Qiang , Ye Cui , Liu Heng , Xu Maowen , Bao Shu‐Juan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTransition‐metal phosphides (TMPs) have emerged as promising catalyst candidates for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Although numerous methods have been investigated to obtain TMPs, most rely on traditional synthetic methods that produce materials that are inherently deficient with respect to electrical conductivity. An electrospinning‐based reduction approach is presented, which generates nickel phosphide nanoparticles in N‐doped porous carbon nanofibers (Ni2P@NPCNFs) in situ. Ni2P nanoparticles are protected from irreversible fusion and aggregation in subsequent high‐temperature pyrolysis. The resistivity of Ni2P@NPCNFs (5.34 Ω cm) is greatly decreased by 104 times compared to Ni2P (>104 Ω cm) because N‐doped carbon NFs are incorporated. As an electrocatalyst for HER, Ni2P@NPCNFs reveal remarkable performance compared to other previously reported catalysts in acidic media. Additionally, it offers excellent catalytic ability and durability in both neutral and basic media. Encouraged by the excellent electrocatalytic performance of Ni2P@NPCNFs, a series of pea‐like MxP@NPCNFs, including Fe2P@NPCNFs, Co2P@NPCNFs, and Cu3P@NPCNFs, were synthesized by the same method. Detailed characterization suggests that the newly developed method could render combinations of ultrafine metal phosphides with porous carbon accessible; thereby, extending opportunities in electrocatalytic applications.
Design and Assembly of a Chiral Metallosalen‐Based Octahedral Coordination Cage for Supramolecular Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Tan Chunxia , Jiao Jingjing , Li Zijian , Liu Yan , Han Xing , Cui Yong 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSupramolecular containers featuring both high catalytic activity and high enantioselectivity represent a design challenge of practical importance. Herein, it is demonstrated that a chiral octahedral coordination cage can be constructed by using twelve enantiopure Mn(salen)‐derived dicarboxylic acids as linear linkers and six Zn4‐p‐tert‐butylsulfonylcalix[4]arene clusters as tetravalent four‐connected vertices. The porous cage features a large hydrophobic cavity (≈3944 Å3) decorated with catalytically active metallosalen species and is shown to be an efficient and recyclable asymmetric catalyst for the oxidative kinetic resolution of racemic secondary alcohols and the epoxidation of olefins with up to >99 % enantiomeric excess. The cage architecture not only prevents intermolecular deactivation and stabilizes the Mn(salen) catalysts but also encapsulates substrates and concentrates reactants in the cavity, resulting in enhanced reactivity and enantioselectivity relative to the free metallosalen catalyst.
Utility of an abbreviated version of the stanford‐binet intelligence scales (5th ed.) in estimating ‘full scale’ IQ for young children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Twomey Conal , O'Connell Helen , Lillis Mary , Tarpey Sarah Louise , O'Reilly Gary 
Published: December 2017

The fifth edition of the Stanford‐Binet Intelligence scales allows ‘full scale’ IQ (FSIQ) to be estimated using an abridged version of the test—the abbreviated battery IQ (ABIQ). Set within a public early intervention team service, the current cross‐sectional study investigated the utility of the ABIQ in estimating FSIQ for 40 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) aged 3–5 years. A strong ABIQ‐FSIQ association was yielded (r = 0.89; r2 = 0.808) and the ABIQ did not over‐estimate mean FSIQ above a clinically‐relevant threshold; however, clinically significant over‐estimation occurred in 17.5% of individual cases. While the findings provide support for the utility of the ABIQ in estimating FSIQ for young children with ASD, caution relating to the over‐estimation of FSIQ is warranted. Careful clinical judgment–ideally based on examination of previous cognitive assessment results (if available), thorough interactional observations, and close multi‐disciplinary consultation—is necessary to determine the applicability of the ABIQ to individual cases. Autism Res 2018, 11: 503–508. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryWe investigated the utility of a shortened version of the Stanford‐Binet Intelligence Scales in estimating IQ for 40 young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The findings provide qualified support for the instrument: acceptably accurate IQ estimation was achieved for most cases; but not so for a sizeable minority (17.5%). Careful clinical judgment is necessary to determine the applicability of the ABIQ to individual cases.
Emission analysis of Tb3+‐and Sm3+‐ion‐doped (Li2O/Na2O/K2O) and (Li2O + Na2O/Li2O + K2O/K2O + Na2O)‐modified borosilicate glasses
Authors: Naveen Kumar Reddy B. , Sailaja S. , Thyagarajan K. , Jho Young Dahl , Sudhakar Reddy B. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractFour series of borosilicate glasses modified by alkali oxides and doped with Tb3+ and Sm3+ ions were prepared using the conventional melt quenching technique, with the chemical composition 74.5B2O3 + 10SiO2 + 5MgO + R + 0.5(Tb2O3/Sm2O3) [where R = 10(Li2O /Na2O/K2O) for series A and C, and R = 5(Li2O + Na2O/Li2O + K2O/K2O + Na2O) for series B and D]. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of all the prepared glasses indicate their amorphous nature. The spectroscopic properties of the prepared glasses were studied by optical absorption analysis, photoluminescence excitation (PLE) and photoluminescence (PL) analysis. A green emission corresponding to the 5D4 → 7F5 (543 nm) transition of the Tb3+ ions was registered under excitation at 379 nm for series A and B glasses. The emission spectra of the Sm3+ ions with the series C and D glasses showed strong reddish‐orange emission at 600 nm (4G5/2 →6H7/2) with an excitation wavelength λexci = 404 nm (6H5/2→4F7/2). Furthermore, the change in the luminescence intensity with the addition of an alkali oxide and combinations of these alkali oxides to borosilicate glasses doped with Tb3+ and Sm3+ ions was studied to optimize the potential alkali‐oxide‐modified borosilicate glass.
Perfusion applied to a 3D model of bone metastasis results in uniformly dispersed mechanical stimuli
Authors: Liu Boyuan , Han Suyue , Hedrick Brandon P. , Modarres‐Sadeghi Yahya , Lynch Maureen E. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBreast cancer most frequently metastasizes to the skeleton. Bone metastatic cancer is incurable and induces wide‐spread bone osteolysis, resulting in significant patient morbidity and mortality. Mechanical cues in the skeleton are an important microenvironmental parameter that modulate tumor formation, osteolysis, and tumor cell‐bone cell signaling, but which mechanical signals are the most beneficial and the corresponding molecular mechanisms are unknown. We focused on interstitial fluid flow based on its well‐known role in bone remodeling and in primary breast cancer. We created a full‐scale, microCT‐based computational model of a 3D model of bone metastasis undergoing applied perfusion to predict the internal mechanical environment during in vitro experimentation. Applied perfusion resulted in uniformly dispersed, heterogeneous fluid velocities, and wall shear stresses throughout the scaffold's interior. The distributions of fluid velocity and wall shear stress did not change within model sub‐domains of varying diameter and location. Additionally, the magnitude of these stimuli is within the range of anabolic mechanical signals in the skeleton, verifying that our 3D model reflects previous in vivo studies using anabolic mechanical loading in the context of bone metastasis. Our results indicate that local populations of cells throughout the scaffold would experience similar mechanical microenvironments.
Induction of autophagy and autophagy‐dependent apoptosis in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma by a new antimalarial artemisinin derivative, SM1044
Authors: Cheng Chunyan , Wang Tao , Song Zhiqun , Peng Lijun , Gao Mengqing , Hermine Olivier , Rousseaux Sophie , Khochbin Saadi , Mi Jian‐Qing , Wang Jin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDiffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common form of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. R‐CHOP is currently the standard therapy for DLBCL, but the prognosis of refractory or recurrent patients remains poor. In this study, we synthesized a new water‐soluble antimalarial drug artemisinin derivative, SM1044. The treatment of DLBCL cell lines with SM1044 induces autophagy‐dependent apoptosis, which is directed by an accelerated degradation of the antiapoptosis protein Survivin, via its acetylation‐dependent interaction with the autophagy‐related protein LC3‐II. Additionally, SM1044 also stimulates the de novo synthesis of ceramide, which in turn activates the CaMKK2–AMPK–ULK1 axis, leading to the initiation of autophagy. Our findings not only elucidate the mechanism of autophagy‐dependent apoptosis in DLBCL cells, but also suggest that SM1044 is a promising therapeutic molecule for the treatment of DLBCL, along with R‐CHOP regimen.
Identification of a novel gene pairs signature in the prognosis of gastric cancer
Authors: Peng Pai‐Lan , Zhou Xiang‐Yu , Yi Guo‐Dong , Chen Peng‐Fei , Wang Fan , Dong Wei‐Guo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCurrent prognostic signatures need to be improved in identifying high‐risk patients of gastric cancer (GC). Thus, we aimed to develop a reliable prognostic signature that could assess the prognosis risk in GC patients. Two microarray datasets of GSE662254 (n = 300, training set) and GSE15459 (n = 192, test set) were included into analysis. Prognostic genes were screened to construct prognosis‐related gene pairs (PRGPs). Then, a penalized Cox proportional hazards regression model identified seven PRGPs, which constructed a prognostic signature and divided patients into high‐ and low‐risk groups according to the signature score. High‐risk patients showed a poorer prognosis than low‐risk patients in both the training set (hazard ratios [HR]: 6.086, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.341–8.533) and test set (1.773 [1.107–2.840]). The PRGPs signature also achieved a higher predictive accuracy (concordance index [C‐index]: 0.872, 95% CI: 0.846–0.897) than two existing molecular signatures (0.706 [0.667–0.744] for a 11‐gene signature and 0.684 [0.642–0.726] for a 24‐lncRNA signature) and TNM stage (0.764 [0.715–0.814]). In conclusion, our study identified a novel gene pairs signature in the prognosis of GC.
Diethylstilbestrol regulates mouse gubernaculum testis cell proliferation via PLC‐Ca2+‐CREB pathway
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Ping Hong‐yan , Li Jian‐hong , Duan Shou‐xin , Jiang Xue‐wu 
Published: December 2017

Recent evidence suggested a positive correlation between environmental estrogens (EEs) and high incidence of abnormalities in male urogenital system, but the mechanism remains unclear. Diethylstilbestrol (DES) is a nonsteroidal synthetic estrogen that disrupts the morphology and proliferation of gubernaculum testis cells, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. In this study, mouse gubernaculum testis cells were pretreated with phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor U‐73122 and then treated with DES. The results demonstrated that U‐73122 impaired DES‐evoked intracellular Ca2+ mobilization in gubernaculum testis cells and inhibited DES‐induced proliferation of gubernaculum testis cells. Mechanistically, we found that U‐73122 inhibited DES‐induced activation of cAMP‐response element binding protein (CREB) in gubernaculum testis cells. In conclusion, these data suggest that the effects of DES on mouse gubernaculum testis cells are mediated by PLC‐Ca2+‐CREB pathway.Significance of the studyEnvironmental estrogens remain a serious threat to male reproductive health, and it is important to understand the mechanism by which EEs affect the male productive system. Here we explore potential mechanisms how the proliferation and contractility of gubernaculum testis cells are regulated by diethylstilbestrol. Our findings provide the first evidence that PLC‐Ca2+‐CREB signalling pathway mediates the nongenomic effects of diethylstilbestrol on gubernaculum testis cells. These findings provide new insight into the role of diethylstilbestrol in the aetiology of male reproductive dysfunction and will help develop better approaches for the prevention and therapy of male reproductive malformation.
Synergistic Chemical Synthesis and Self‐Assembly Lead to Three‐Dimensional b‐Oriented MFI Superstructures with Selective Adsorption and Luminescence Properties
Authors: Ma Xiaoting , Li Guannan , Tao Jiawei , Li Ping , Zheng Hongzhi , Li Shougui , Xu Yan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHigher‐order organization of inorganic nanoparticles with hierarchical architectures and tailored functionality is crucial in the nanofabrication of advanced materials. Here we demonstrate that three‐dimensional b‐oriented MFI superstructures can be organized by synergistic chemical synthesis and self‐assembly. The organization is accomplished by vapor treatment of tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH)‐coated inorganic/bacterial cellulose scaffolds. TPA+ acts to direct nucleation and to mediate crystal morphology leading to oriented assembly of MFI crystals along crystallographic b‐axis, whereas bacterial cellulose holds the oriented assembly together forming three‐dimensional superstructures with macroporosity. Self‐supporting monoliths of the macroporous MFI show outstanding selective adsorption for para‐xylene and high adsorption capacity for volatile organic compounds. Incorporating luminescent molecules imparts the macroporous monoliths the new property of adsorption tunable luminescence that may act as an optical sensor indicating the level of adsorption. The current work opens a novel space for rational organization of hierarchical materials with tailored architectures and multifunctionality.
Photo‐responsive Bioactive Surfaces Based on Cucurbit[8]uril‐Mediated Host–Guest Interactions of Arylazopyrazoles
Authors: Wiemann Maike , Niebuhr Rebecca , Juan Alberto , Cavatorta Emanuela , Ravoo Bart Jan , Jonkheijm Pascal 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA photoswitchable arylazopyrazole (AAP) derivative binds with cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) and methylviologen (MV2+) to form a 1:1:1 heteroternary host–guest complex with a binding constant of Ka=2×103 m−1. The excellent photoswitching properties of AAP are preserved in the inclusion complex. Irradiation with light of a wavelength of 365 and 520 nm leads to quantitative E‐ to Z‐ isomerization and vice versa, respectively. Formation of the Z‐isomer leads to dissociation of the complex as evidenced using 1H NMR spectroscopy. AAP derivatives are then used to immobilize bioactive molecules and photorelease them on demand. When Arg‐Gly‐Asp‐AAP (AAP–RGD) peptides are attached to surface bound CB[8]/MV2+ complexes, cells adhere and can be released upon irradiation. The heteroternary host–guest system offers highly reversible binding properties due to efficient photoswitching and these properties are attractive for designing smart surfaces.
Target Costing for Electricity Storage
Authors: Machhammer Otto , Zehner Peter 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDie Amplitude der Strompreisschwankungen am Markt ist der Anreiz mit Strom zu handeln. In Deutschland sind die Netzgebühren und Abgaben für das Durchleiten von Strom höher als der Strompreis an der Börse. Stromspeicherung ist so kein lohnendes Geschäft. Dies kann sich nur ändern, wenn entsprechend hohe Vergütungen für die Abgabe von gespeichertem Strom gewährt werden. Das entwickelte Rechenmodell zeigt, dass ohne Förderung der Stromspeichertechnologie eine flächendeckende Versorgungssicherheit mit Strom, nur durch Erhalt bzw. Ausbau der konventionellen Kraftwerke als Backup möglich sein wird.
Developmental signature, synaptic connectivity and neurotransmission are conserved between vertebrate hair cells and tunicate coronal cells
Authors: Rigon Francesca , Gasparini Fabio , Shimeld Sebastian M , Candiani Simona , Manni Lucia 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn tunicates, the coronal organ represents a sentinel checking particle entrance into the pharynx. The organ differentiates from an anterior embryonic area considered a proto‐placode. For their embryonic origin, morphological features and function, coronal sensory cells have been hypothesized to be homologues to vertebrate hair cells. However, vertebrate hair cells derive from a posterior placode. This contradicts one of the principle historical criteria for homology, similarity of position, which could be taken as evidence against coronal cells/hair cells homology. In the tunicates Ciona intestinalis and C. robusta, we found that the coronal organ expresses genes (Atoh, Notch, Delta‐like, Hairy‐b, and Musashi) characterizing vertebrate neural and hair cell development. Moreover, coronal cells exhibit a complex synaptic connectivity pattern, and express neurotransmitters (Glu, ACh, GABA, 5‐HT, and catecholamines), or enzymes for their synthetic machinery, involved in hair cell activity. Lastly, coronal cells express the Trpa gene, which encodes an ion channel expressed in hair cells. These data lead us to hypothesize a model in which competence to make secondary mechanoreceptors was initially broadly distributed through placode territories, but has become confined to different placodes during the evolution of the vertebrate and tunicate lineages.
Perineuronal nets in subcortical auditory nuclei of four rodent species with differing hearing ranges
Authors: Beebe Nichole L. , Schofield Brett R. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPerineuronal nets (PNs) are aggregates of extracellular matrix molecules that surround some neurons in the brain. While PNs occur widely across many cortical areas, subcortical PNs are especially associated with motor and auditory systems. The auditory system has recently been suggested as an ideal model system for studying PNs and their functions. However, descriptions of PNs in subcortical auditory areas vary, and it is unclear whether the variation reflects species differences or differences in staining techniques. Here, we used two staining techniques (one lectin stain and one antibody stain) to examine PN distribution in the subcortical auditory system of four different species: guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus), mice (Mus musculus, CBA/CaJ strain), Long‐Evans rats (Rattus norvegicus), and naked mole‐rats (Heterocephalus glaber). We found that some auditory nuclei exhibit dramatic differences in PN distribution among species while other nuclei have consistent PN distributions. We also found that PNs exhibit molecular heterogeneity, and can stain with either marker individually or with both. PNs within a given nucleus can be heterogeneous or homogenous in their staining patterns. We compared PN staining across the frequency axes of tonotopically organized nuclei and among species with different hearing ranges. PNs were distributed non‐uniformly across some nuclei, but only rarely did this appear related to the tonotopic axis. PNs were prominent in all four species; we found no systematic relationship between the hearing range and the number, staining patterns or distribution of PNs in the auditory nuclei.