bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Turbulent jet in crossflow analysis with LES approach
Authors: Tahani Mojtaba , Hojaji Mohammad , Mahmoodi Jezeh Seyed Vahid 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
This study aims to investigate effects of sonic jet injection into supersonic cross-flow (JISC) numerically in different dynamic pressure ratio values and free stream Mach numbers.

Design/methodology/approach
Large Eddy simulation (LES) with dynamic Smagorinsky model is used as the turbulence approach. The numerical results are compared with the experimental data, and the comparison shows acceptable validation.

Findings
According to the results, the dynamic pressure ratio has critical effects on the zone related to barrel shock. Despite free stream Mach number, increasing dynamic pressure ratio leads to expansion of barrel shock zone. Consequently, expanded barrel shock zone would bring about more obstruction effect. In addition, the height of counter-rotating vortex pair increases, and the high-pressure area before jet and low-pressure area after jet will rise. The results show that the position of barrel shock is deviated by increasing free stream Mach number, and the Bow shock zone becomes stronger and close to barrel shock. Moreover, high pressure zone, which is located before the jet, decreases by high free stream Mach number.

Practical implications
In this study, LES with a dynamic Smagorinsky model is used as the turbulence approach. Effects of sonic JISC are investigated numerically in different dynamic pressure ratio values and free stream Mach numbers.

Originality/value
As summary, the following are the contribution of this paper in the field of JISC subjects: several case studies of jet condition have been performed. In all the cases, the flow at the nozzle exit is sonic, and the free stream static pressure is constant. To generate proper grid, a cut cell method is used for domain modelling. Boundary condition effect on the wall pressure distribution around the jet and velocity profiles, especially S shape profiles, is investigated. The results show that the relation between representing the location of Mach disk centre and at transonic regime is a function of second-order polynomial, whereas at supersonic regime, the relationship is modelled as a first-order polynomial. In addition, the numerical results are compared with the experimental data demonstrating acceptable validation.
Accounting academics’ teaching self-efficacy and ethics integration in accounting courses
Authors: Marzuki Marzlin , Subramaniam Nava , Cooper Barry J. , Dellaportas Steven 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which ethics education is incorporated in the curriculum by accounting academics (EXTENT) and its relationship with the following four factors: accounting academics’ attitudes towards ethics education (ATTDE); head of department support (HODS); peer support (PEERS); and accounting academics’ ethics teaching self-efficacy (ETSE).

Design/methodology/approach
The study utilises data from a questionnaire survey of 117 accounting academics in Malaysia and engages path analysis to test various hypothesised relationships.

Findings
The results indicate that ATTDE, HODS and PEERS have a significant and positive impact on accounting academics’ ETSE. The findings also suggest that ETSE and PEERS have a direct and positive impact on EXTENT. Overall, ETSE is found to be a significant mediating variable in the relationship between ATTDE, HODS, PEERS and EXTENT.

Research limitations/implications
The relatively small sample of 117 Malaysian accounting academics and the limited number of factors studied as drivers of ETSE, which limits generalisability of the results.

Practical implications
This paper is particularly useful for informing heads of departments and the regulatory and professional bodies of resourcing and fostering a work environment that supports peer support and interactions as well as knowledge resources that facilitate individual accounting academics’ to integrate ethics content in their courses or units.

Originality/value
The study is guided by Bandura’s (1977, 1997) self-efficacy theory and adapts Tschannen-Moran and Hoy’s (2001) teacher efficacy construct in understanding how accounting academic’s belief in one’s ability to complete tasks and achieve goals affects the level of integration of ethics in their courses.
An event study of the effects of regulatory changes on the food industry
Authors: Xiao Xingzhi , Gao Yue 
Published: January 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of China’s Food Safety Law on its food industry.Design/methodology/approachFirst, an event study is employed to investigate the impact of regulatory changes on the food industry. Then the authors examine the association between the magnitude of cumulative abnormal returns (CARs) and firm characteristics in a cross-sectional regression framework.FindingsThe results suggest that the announcements of some important events during the legislative process do affect the investors’ expectations. Further analysis shows that some sub-industries, especially the dairy industry, underperform the others around the enforcement date of the Food Safety Law, indicating that investors expect more costs of compliance for the sub-industries with lower levels of food safety. Moreover, CARs are found to be positively correlated with firm size, implying that larger firms may benefit more from this food legislative reform than small ones.Practical implicationsMeasuring the impact of regulatory changes on food producers and investors by stock market response could help regulators assess the effectiveness of regulation and amend the law accordingly.Originality/valuePrevious studies seldom empirically examine the effect of Food Safety Laws on China’s food industry and this study attempts to fill this gap, which contributes to extending the understanding of the impact of legislative reform or regulatory changes on related industries.
Food expenditure responses to income/expenditure shocks in rural China
Authors: Cui Qi , Huang Jikun 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the impacts of large income and expenditure shocks on household food expenditures and determines whether the impacts of large shocks differ among households, especially low-income households.

Design/methodology/approach
The study’s data are drawn from a household survey conducted in rural China. Multivariate analysis examines the impacts of large income and expenditure shocks on food expenditures.

Findings
The impacts of large positive income shocks on food expenditure are moderate. However, households reduce their per capita food expenditures within a range of about 25-30 percent after suffering large negative shocks. The greatest impact is found for shocks where expenditures more than double, followed by the impact of shocks where income declines by more than half. Moreover, food expenditures among low-income households are much more sensitive to large negative income and expenditure shocks. The paper concludes with policy implications.

Originality/value
This is the first Chinese study to empirically examine the impacts of different income and expenditure shocks on household food expenditures. The results have important implications for smoothing households’ food consumption after they suffer from shocks.
Income implications of political capital and agricultural land use in western China
Authors: Komarek Adam M. , Spoor Max , Feng Shuyi , Shi Xiaoping 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the expansion of agricultural production into marginal lands, also known as “wasteland,” and examine the association between political capital, household income, and using additional marginal lands for agriculture in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of western China.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper uses exploratory data analyses methods, including descriptive statistics, graphical analysis, econometrics and propensity score matching, and data from a 2008 survey of 342 households in Awat County of Aksu Prefecture to explore the role of political capital in an agricultural household setting.

Findings
Preliminary results suggest that wasteland usage has a positive association with income, and that household political capital, in the form of Communist Party membership or being a village cadre, correlates with wasteland usage because it improves access to irrigation water.

Originality/value
A constant topic of debate in China is the role of political capital in influencing livelihoods. The authors aim to add modest insights into this debate and provide a starting point to foster additional debates regarding the role of political capital, rural livelihoods, and natural resource usage.
Profit efficiency analysis of rice production in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Tsaiyu , Takahashi Daisuke , Yang Chih-Kuan 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze and compare the profit efficiency of custom and self-farming methods of rice production in Taiwan.

Design/methodology/approach
This study examines the nature and extent of the profitability and profit efficiency of custom and self-farming based on a farm survey in Taiwan. Furthermore, it estimates the stochastic profit frontier to measure the degree of inefficiency and analyze the determinants of these inefficiencies.

Findings
The profitability and profit efficiency of custom farming are lower than for self-farming, and the differences in profitability are more significant for large rice farmers. The estimation results show that the custom farming area and the farmer’s age decrease efficiency and, regardless of the farming style used, larger farms have higher profit efficiency.

Research limitations/implications
This study’s findings show that self-farming is more favorable than custom farming for profit efficiency. This study examined this problem by conducting a regression adjustment for explanatory variables, but did not remove all self-selection bias, which may occur between profit efficiency and the choice of farming system.

Originality/value
Previous studies that measured the efficiency of rice farming often considered cost efficiency by the cost function, and ignored the increased profit from producing high-quality rice. This study used a one-step estimation of the profit frontier function to measure the degree of inefficiency and analyze the determinants of this inefficiency.
Mobile value, spectrum and data demand – a bootstrap approach to estimation
Authors: Williamson Brian , Wood Sam 
Published: January 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to integrate mobile supply and demand on an economic basis and to model the economic value of additional data capacity, spectrum demand and data growth under a range of parameter and policy assumptions.Design/methodology/approachThe modelling requires an iterative solution to find an equilibrium between supply and demand, which allows data demand to be bootstrapped, i.e. determined endogenously within the model.FindingsThe sensitivity of the model to input parameter changes differs from a modelling approach where data demand is assumed to be exogenous, whilst in some instances, the sign of the relationship is reversed, e.g. the response of economic value to mobile site cost changes.Research limitations/implicationsThe approach suggests a research agenda to estimate willingness to pay for data and the price elasticity of data demand, and may also suggest new explanatory variables to test econometrically in relation to spectrum value.Practical implicationsThe approach provides a different route to spectrum valuation and allows estimation of the economic impacts of a range of policy questions.Originality/valueThis paper provides the integration of supply and demand and endogenous estimation of data demand and economic value, coupled with quantitative assessment of a range of policy questions.
The evolution of US mobile operators within a multi-play world
Authors: Curwen Peter , Whalley Jason 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to analyse the ways in which mobile operators in the USA that previously presented themselves as providers of essentially a single service have had to adapt to the requirements of a multi-play world that includes mobile and fixed-wire voice, broadband internet and Pay-TV.

Design/methodology/approach
The approach is empirical in its entirety and based upon a historical review of the actions of (primarily) the nationwide mobile operators in the USA. Account is taken of the actions of companies in what were historically separate spheres of business such as cable and satellite.

Findings
It can be seen that there has been a great deal of restructuring activity in the US mobile sector during the past decade driven by a number of factors such as the need to achieve scale and to provide high-date-rate transmission. However, in very recent times, the main driving force has been the need to gear up for the provision of multi-play services.

Research limitations/implications
The next few years will see an acceleration of restructuring activity as previously independent companies link up voluntarily or via takeovers.

Social implications
It can be argued that it is the evolving use of smartphones, especially among those aged under 30, that is a key reason why mobile operators are having to change their business models, rather than the reverse.

Originality/value
Regulators, in particular, appear to be stuck in a world in which different segments of the world of telecommunications continue to plough independent furrows. However, multi-play is the future of the sector and there has not so far been much attention paid to this phenomenon.
Institutional distances, resources and entry strategies
Authors: Kittilaksanawong Wiboon 
Published: January 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of institutional distances (IDs) on the choices of host country and the entry strategies, taking into account various firm resources.Design/methodology/approachInstitutions are quantified in terms of regulatory, normative, and cognitive aspects. Firm resources include technological and marketing resources, organizational slack, and internally generated and externally raised financial resources. The research context is foreign direct investments of Taiwanese listed firms in the electronics and computer industry from the year 2000 to 2007, which include 732 companies investing in 3,691 projects in 41 countries.FindingsThe tacitness of technological resources inhibits their transfer to distant countries. Marketing resources are more transferable to distant countries in terms of explicit regulative institutions. Organizational slack may weaken motives of firms in entering distant countries. Internally generated financial resources encourage risky investments in distant countries in terms of regulative institutions. Externally raised financial resources, due to their providers, restrict firms to finance risky projects in distant countries. High-control entry strategies are preferred to minimize appropriation risks regardless of funding sources. Involving local partners through a shared ownership provides institutional knowledge for foreign firms to mobilize local legitimacy in host countries. Firm resources directly and indirectly determine entry strategies through perceived IDs.Originality/valueThis study bridges the effect of firm-level resources and country-level institutions on the choices of host country and the entry strategies. It is among the first to quantify institutions in terms of their regulatory, normative, and cognitive aspects.
An institutional view of the communication flows between relation-based and rule-based countries
Authors: Graca Sandra Simas , Doney Patricia M. , Barry James M. 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the strategic decision-making process regarding communication flows and trust and their impact on firm cooperation in the context of buyer-supplier relationships in rule-based vs relation-based countries. An institutional view is explored to demonstrate how informal institutions shape a firm’s strategic decision making in the internationalization process.

Design/methodology/approach
A conceptual model and accompanying research hypotheses are tested on data from a survey of 169 US and 110 Brazilian buyers. Structural equation modeling is used to test the hypotheses.

Findings
Results suggest that the pattern of flows of communication on building trust and increasing strategic cooperation is based upon the governance of the individual’s country of origin. Quality communication is found to have a greater impact on trust in the USA, while two-way communication is the factor with the greatest effect on trust in Brazil. Frequency of communication and socialization are also found to have indirect, but important distinct roles in the flows of communication in both countries. Trust is also found to be a strong predictor of strategic cooperation.

Practical implications
Results provide insight into what patterns of communication flows are most influential in increasing a buyer’s trust in a supplier, so that suppliers can better formulate strategies to enter overseas markets.

Originality/value
This study extends the communication, trust, and cooperation literature to the context of buyer-supplier relationships in distinct county settings. Comparisons are made between one developed country characterized by rule-based governance, with a low-context style of communication and high country trust and one emerging market characterized by relation-based governance, with a high-context style of communication and low country trust.
Internationalization and performance of Indian born globals
Authors: Ganvir Manish B. , Dwivedi Neeraj 
Published: January 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is threefold: first, to study internationalization-performance relationship of Indian born global (IBG) firms from multi-theoretical lens and establish the nature of this relationship; second, to highlight the role of foreign equity in moderating this relationship; and third, to establish the relevance of export intensity (EI) in determining these firms’ financial performance.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 411 IBG firms were identified based on born global (BG) definition and post-entry internationalization age requirement of this study. A balanced panel comprising of three years from 2010 to 2012 was analyzed using pooled panel and moderated multiple regression techniques.FindingsThe authors empirically prove that though EI and financial performance are positively related at overall level, this relationship is curvilinear in nature. In presence of foreign equity this positive curvilinear relationship is moderated to inverted-U shape.Research limitations/implicationsThe data sample is restricted to 411 private limited IBGs between the years 2009 and 2012. Implications of the findings are for policy makers and managers to sharpen their strategic foresight for exporting firms in its post-entry period. Also, investors can take level of internationalization into cognizance when investing in BG firms.Practical implicationsThe authors believe the results have practical implications for numerous parties, such as shareholders, institutional investors, scholars, policymakers and managers. It emboldens modern day managers to make further foray into internationalization due to its positive benefits on both productivity as well as profitability. Also, firms that look for foreign equity participation have to balance their strategies for greater scale and scope into international markets.Originality/valueThis is the first study that brings out the vital relationship aspect of EI with financial performance of IBG firms in their post-entry internationalization period, adding to international business literature in area of BG firms in their post-entry internationalization period.
The dark side of global sourcing: a systematic literature review and research agenda
Authors: Stanczyk Alina , Cataldo Zelal , Blome Constantin , Busse Christian 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a systematic review of the literature concerning the negative aspects of global sourcing (GS). It complements prior research on the positive aspects of GS, advances theoretical understanding of the phenomenon, and suggests an agenda for future research.

Design/methodology/approach
The sourcing, international business and supply chain management literature is systematically reviewed and findings from 83 previous studies are investigated.

Findings
Research on the downsides of GS has intensified over the last decade, but the related knowledge has been very fragmented and oftentimes latent. This literature review extracts knowledge around 28 antecedents to GS downsides from the literature and illustrates their potential harmful effects along operational and financial performance dimensions. Findings suggest that future research should focus more on the effects of decision-making biases and the effects of firm-internal barriers. The dynamic and hidden costs of GS should also be scrutinized in more depth.

Originality/value
This study is the first systematic literature review of the downsides of GS. It facilitates a more balanced and nuanced picture of GS to help managers make better-informed GS decisions. The review also offers a holistic research framework that opens up avenues for much-needed research into the “dark side” of GS.
Linking decision-control and decision-management uses of performance measurement systems
Authors: Sanchez Jose M. , Velez Maria L. , Ramón-Jerónimo María Ángeles , Araujo Pedro 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze, for both parties of a distribution channel, to what extent each party perceives the counterpart’s use of performance measurement systems (PMS) and how this perception affects the perceiver’s own use of these systems, for either decision control or decision management.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper proposes a conceptual model tested at different levels using structural equations models. A case study uses survey data from 107 distributors and 91 manufacturer managers.

Findings
PMS allow evaluation by the manufacturer and daily management by distributors; both uses of PMS can be simultaneous and complementary. Results show that each party’s perception of the counterpart’s use contributes to its own use, although real uses do not significantly influence these perceptions.

Research limitations/implications
The results must be interpreted with caution because the sample is small. This study calls for further data collection in real situations with larger samples, and for eliminating the influence of the distribution channel type. Further work is needed to analyze other constructs driving the relationship between real use and perception.

Originality/value
This study’s originality comes from the conceptual model, data set, and levels of analysis. Decoupling real use and perception, it challenges the prevailing assumption that managers accurately perceive counterpart managers’ use of PMS. Analyzing at both group and individual levels, it extends the more usual dyadic studies by recognizing that any given manager’s perception may be almost wholly formed by his/her interaction with a group of individuals.