bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review of severity scales and screening instruments for tics: Critique and recommendations
Authors: Martino Davide , Pringsheim Tamara M. , Cavanna Andrea E. , Colosimo Carlo , Hartmann Andreas , Leckman James F. , Luo Sheng , Munchau Alexander , Goetz Christopher G. , Stebbins Glenn T. , Martinez‐Martin Pablo ,   the Members of the MDS Committee on Rating Scales Development
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTBackground: Several clinician, informant, and self‐report instruments for tics and associated phenomena have been developed that differ in construct, comprehensiveness, and ease of administration.Objective: A Movement Disorders Society subcommittee aimed to rate psychometric quality of severity and screening instruments for tics and related sensory phenomena.Methods: Following the methodology adopted by previous Movement Disorders Society subcommittee papers, a review of severity and screening instruments for tics was completed, applying a classification as “recommended,” “suggested,” or “listed” to each instrument.Results: A total of 5 severity scales (Yale Global Tic Severity Scale, Tourette Syndrome Clinical Global Impression, Tourette's Disorder Scale, Shapiro Tourette syndrome Severity Scale, Premonitory Urges for Tics Scale) were “recommended,” and 6 (Rush Video‐Based Tic Rating Scale, Motor tic, Obsessions and compulsions, Vocal tic Evaluation Survey, Tourette Syndrome Global Scale, Global Tic Rating Scale, Parent Tic Questionnaire, Tourette Syndrome Symptom List) were “suggested.” A total of 2 screening instruments (Motor tic, Obsession and compulsions, Vocal tic Evaluation Survey and Autism‐Tics, Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Other Comorbidities Inventory) were “recommended,” whereas 2 others (Apter 4‐questions screening and Proxy Report Questionnaire for Parents and Teachers) were “suggested.”Conclusions: Our review does not support the need for developing new tic severity or screening instruments. Potential objectives of future research include developing a rating instrument targeting the full spectrum of tic‐related abnormal behaviors, assessing/screening malignant forms of tic disorders, and developing patient‐reported outcome measures. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Heart rate variability in leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2‐associated Parkinson's disease
Authors: Visanji Naomi P. , Bhudhikanok Grace S. , Mestre Tiago A. , Ghate Taneera , Udupa Kaviraj , AlDakheel Amaal , Connolly Barbara S. , Gasca‐Salas Carmen , Kern Drew S. , Jain Jennifer , Slow Elizabeth J. , Faust‐Socher Achinoam , Kim Sam , Azhu Valappil Ruksana , Kausar Farah , Rogaeva Ekaterina , William Langston J. , Tanner Caroline M. , Schüle Birgitt , Lang Anthony E. , Goldman Samuel M. , Marras Connie 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundHeart rate variability is reduced in idiopathic PD, indicating cardiac autonomic dysfunction likely resulting from peripheral autonomic synucleinopathy. Little is known about heart rate variability in leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2‐associated PD.ObjectivesThis study investigated heart rate variability in LRRK2‐associated PD.MethodsResting electrocardiograms were obtained from 20 individuals with LRRK2‐associated PD, 37 nonmanifesting carriers, 48 related noncarriers, 26 idiopathic PD patients, and 32 controls. Linear regression modelling compared time and frequency domain values, adjusting for age, sex, heart rate, and disease duration.ResultsLow‐frequency power and the ratio of low–high frequency power were reduced in idiopathic PD versus controls (P < .008, P < .029 respectively). In contrast, individuals with LRRK2‐associated PD were not statistically different from controls in any parameter measured. Furthermore, all parameters trended toward being higher in LRRK2‐associated PD when compared with idiopathic PD.ConclusionsHeart rate variability may remain intact in LRRK2‐associated PD, adding to a growing literature supporting clinical‐pathologic differences between LRRK2‐associated and idiopathic PD. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Identification and implication of an allergenic PR‐10 protein from walnut in birch pollen associated walnut allergy
Authors: Wangorsch Andrea , Jamin Annette , Lidholm Jonas , Gräni Nora , Lang Claudia , Ballmer‐Weber Barbara , Vieths Stefan , Scheurer Stephan 
Published: January 2017

ScopeEnglish walnut (Juglans regia) belongs to the most important allergenic tree nuts. Co‐sensitization with birch (Betula verrucosa) pollen has been reported. We aimed to identify a walnut allergen homologous to the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1.Methods and resultsA cDNA encoding a Bet v 1‐homologous allergen (Jug r 5) in walnut kernels was cloned by RT‐PCR. Jug r 5 was expressed in Escherichia coli, purified by column chromatography and characterized by circular dichroism spectroscopy. Specific IgE levels to walnut, Bet v 1, and Jug r 5 in birch pollen allergics (n = 16) with concomitant walnut allergy were measured by ImmunoCAP: 44% of the patients were tested positive to walnut while 94% were reactive to Jug r 5, and 100% to Bet v 1. Jug r 5 and Bet v 1 allergens showed bidirectional IgE cross‐reactivity by competitive ELISA and were capable of inducing histamine release from effector cells. Immunoblot competition experiments demonstrated the presence of IgE‐reactive Jug r 5 in walnut extract, but at low levels.ConclusionA Bet v 1‐like allergen was identified in walnut. Diagnostic use of Jug r 5 will compensate for the low sensitivity of walnut extract for patients with birch pollen associated walnut allergy.
Differential effects of myostatin deficiency on motor and sensory axons
Authors: Jones Maria R. , Villalón Eric , Northcutt Adam J. , Calcutt Nigel A. , Garcia Michael L. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTIntroductionDeletion of myostatin in mice (MSTN−/−) alters structural properties of peripheral axons. However, properties like axon diameter and myelin thickness were analyzed in mixed nerves, so it is unclear whether loss of myostatin affects motor, sensory, or both types of axons.MethodsUsing the MSTN−/− mouse model, we analyzed the effects of increasing the number of muscle fibers on axon diameter, myelin thickness, and internode length in motor and sensory axons.ResultsAxon diameter and myelin thickness were increased in motor axons of MSTN−/− mice without affecting internode length or axon number. The number of sensory axons was increased without affecting their structural properties.DiscussionThese results suggest that motor and sensory axons establish structural properties by independent mechanisms. Moreover, in motor axons, instructive cues from the neuromuscular junction may play a role in co‐regulating axon diameter and myelin thickness, whereas internode length is established independently. Muscle Nerve 56: E100–E107, 2017
Solving large‐scale problems by Taylor Meshless method
Authors: Yang Jie , Hu Heng , Potier‐Ferry Michel 
Published: January 2017

SummaryA true integration‐free meshless method based on Taylor series named Taylor meshless method (TMM) has been proposed to solve two‐dimensional partial differential equations (PDEs). In this framework, the shape functions are approximated solutions of the PDE, and the discretization concerns only the boundary. In this paper, the applicability of TMM to solve large‐scale problems is discussed under two aspects. First, as in some other meshless methods, ill‐conditioned matrices and round‐off error propagation could lead to a loss of accuracy when the number of unknowns increases. This point will be investigated in the case of large‐scale problems. Second, the computation time and its distribution are analyzed from numerical experiments for PDEs in a 3D domain. It is established that the TMM method is efficient and robust, even in the case of large‐scale problems, while the finite element numerical model involves more than 3 million degrees of freedom. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nitrogen enhanced thermal stability of nickel monosilicide
Authors: Zuruzi A. S. , Chi D. Z. , Mangelinck D. 
Published: January 2017

The effect of annealing ambient during rapid thermal processing on thermal stability of NiSi has been investigated. Nickel films deposited onto Si(100) were annealed in vacuum, Ar and N2 at pressures up to 40 Torr. Rapid thermal annealing in vacuum or in Ar at 750 °C resulted in the formation of NiSi2 with concomitant increase in sheet resistance and surface roughness. However, annealing in N2 increases the NiSi2 nucleation temperature and thus the thermal stability of NiSi. Higher the N2 pressure, higher was the annealing temperature required to initiate NiSi2 nucleation. Experimental results were analyzed using a simple thermodynamic model. It suggests dissolved nitrogen impurities lower the chemical potential and increase thermal stability of NiSi phase. Phase stability observed experimentally was in agreement with that predicted by the model.Threshold nitrogen pressure exists for stabilization of nickel monosilicide during rapid thermal annealing.
Risk of Cesarean scar defect following single‐ vs double‐layer uterine closure: systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Di Spiezio Sardo A. , Saccone G. , McCurdy R. , Bujold E. , Bifulco G. , Berghella V. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveThere is a growing body of evidence that suggests that the surgical technique for uterine closure following Cesarean delivery influences the healing of the Cesarean scar, but there is still no consensus on the optimal technique. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to compare the effect of single‐ vs double‐layer uterine closure on the risk of uterine scar defect.MethodsMEDLINE, Scopus,
ClinicalTrials.gov, PROSPERO, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception of each database until May 2016. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of single‐ vs double‐layer uterine closure following low transverse Cesarean section on the risk of uterine scar defect were included. The primary outcome was the incidence of uterine scar defects detected on ultrasound. Secondary outcomes were residual myometrial thickness evaluated by ultrasound and the incidence of uterine dehiscence and/or rupture in subsequent pregnancy. Summary measures were reported as relative risk (RR) or mean difference (MD), with 95% CIs. Quality of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach.ResultsNine RCTs (3969 participants) were included in the meta‐analysis. The overall risk of bias of the included trials was low. Statistical heterogeneity within the studies was low, with no inconsistency in the primary and secondary outcomes. Women who received single‐layer uterine closure had a similar incidence of uterine scar defects as did women who received double‐layer closure (25% vs 43%; RR, 0.77 (95% CI, 0.36–1.64); five trials; 350 participants; low quality of evidence). Compared with double‐layer uterine closure, women who received single‐layer closure had a significantly thinner residual myometrium on ultrasound (MD, –2.19 mm (95% CI, –2.80 to –1.57 mm); four trials; 374 participants; low quality of evidence). No difference was found in the incidence of uterine dehiscence (0.4% vs 0.2%; RR, 1.34 (95% CI, 0.24–4.82); three trials; 3421 participants; low quality of evidence) or uterine rupture (0.1% vs 0.1%; RR, 0.52 (95% CI, 0.05–5.53); one trial; 3234 participants; low quality of evidence) in a subsequent pregnancy.ConclusionsSingle‐ and double‐layer closure of the uterine incision following Cesarean delivery are associated with a similar incidence of Cesarean scar defects, as well as uterine dehiscence and rupture in a subsequent pregnancy. However, the quality level of summary estimates, as assessed by GRADE, was low, indicating that the true effect may be, or is even likely to be, substantially different from the estimate of the effect. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Renal clearable noble metal nanoparticles: photoluminescence, elimination, and biomedical applications
Authors: Xu Jing , Peng Chuanqi , Yu Mengxiao , Zheng Jie 
Published: January 2017

Metal nanoparticles have demonstrated broad and promising biomedical applications in research laboratories, but how to fulfill their promises in the clinical practices demands extensive effort to minimize their non‐specific accumulation in the body. In the past 6 years, we have developed a class of renal clearable noble metal nanoparticles with tunable visible and near‐infrared emission, which can behave like small molecular contrast agents to be effectively eliminated through the kidneys. By taking advantage of the unique clearance pathway, we were able to gain some fundamental understanding of how engineering nanoparticles cleared out of the body through urinary system. Moreover, they also provided unique opportunities in early cancer detection and kidney functional imaging that were often challenging to be achieved with non‐renal clearable nanoparticles and small molecular probes. In this review, we summarize key factors that govern in the renal clearance of luminescent noble metal nanoparticles and their strengths in cancer targeting and kidney functional imaging. At the end, we also outline several key challenges that need to be addressed before they can be considered in the clinical practices. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2017, 9:e1453. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1453This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Compositional and microstructural study of joining methods in archaeological gold objects
Authors: Scrivano S. , Gómez Tubío B. , Ortega‐Feliu I. , Ager F. J. , Paul A. , Respaldiza M. A. 
Published: January 2017

This work arises in response to the need to understand the production techniques of pre‐roman gold jewels, starting from the systematic characterization of the different methods of metal joining used in antiquity to produce these objects.To meet this requirement, different procedures used in antiquity were reproduced by means of experimental archaeology. These models correspond to three metal‐joining methods reported by ancient recipes: solid‐state diffusion with copper salt, brazing and autogenous welding. These techniques were studied by different analytical methods in order to characterize them at both compositional and microstructural level (SEM‐EDS, metallography, μ‐XRF and μ‐PIXE). The results obtained show that the solid‐state diffusion bonding with copper salt presents a crystal hexagonal structure without phase changes in the joining point, where only a variation in the grain size is observed. At the compositional level, this soldering method is characterized by a local increase in copper concentration and a small decrease in gold content. In contrast, brazing shows a dendritic‐porous structure due to the superposition of the soldering alloy and the crystal structure of the original foils. Besides, the compositional analysis revealed an increment of silver and copper concentrations and a simultaneous reduction of gold concentration. Finally, in the autogenous welding, no changes at the microstructural and compositional levels were observed.The results obtained have also demonstrated the usefulness of a portable μ‐XRF system for the in‐situ characterization of ancient jewels. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proposing a Framework for Mobile Applications in Disaster Health Learning
Authors: Liu Alexander G. , Altman Brian A. , Schor Kenneth , Strauss-Riggs Kandra , Thomas Tracy N. , Sager Catherine , Leander-Griffith Michelle , Harp Victoria 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMobile applications, or apps, have gained widespread use with the advent of modern smartphone technologies. Previous research has been conducted in the use of mobile devices for learning. However, there is decidedly less research into the use of mobile apps for health learning (eg, patient self-monitoring, medical student learning). This deficiency in research on using apps in a learning context is especially severe in the disaster health field. The objectives of this article were to provide an overview of the current state of disaster health apps being used for learning, to situate the use of apps in a health learning context, and to adapt a learning framework for the use of mobile apps in the disaster health field. A systematic literature review was conducted by using the PRISMA checklist, and peer-reviewed articles found through the PubMed and CINAHL databases were examined. This resulted in 107 nonduplicative articles, which underwent a 3-phase review, culminating in a final selection of 17 articles. While several learning models were identified, none were sufficient as an app learning framework for the field. Therefore, we propose a learning framework to inform the use of mobile apps in disaster health learning. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:487–495)
On Being in Hegel and Heidegger
Authors: Haas Andrew 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWhat is being? This is, from the Greeks to Hegel (according to Heidegger), the guiding question of ontology and the history of philosophy as metaphysics. And the answer is presence: ‘being’ means ‘being present’, ‘presencing’; ‘to be’ means ‘to be present’. By clarifying the limit of this philosophy of presence, however, it is possible to go beyond it, to a thinking of being as presence and absence—for both coming-to-presence and going-out-into-absence are ways in which beings are, and being happens. And yet, are presence and absence the only ways to think being? On the contrary—there is a third. From the Greeks (through Hegel) to Heidegger, the being that fails to come to presence, but also does not simply remain in absence—this is what is merely implied, an implication. But then what does it mean to think being as implied? Being as implying? As an implication?
The Possibility of a Phenomenology of Cultural Worlds in Hegel and Husserl
Authors: Staehler Tanja 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe world we live in proves best understood as a cultural world. Cultural worlds are examined in this article regarding their aesthetic and ethical dimensions, with the help of Hegel and Husserl. The ethical realm is characterized by a tension between ethical conscience and cultural norms. Even Hegel, who is often conceived as a philosopher of customs, explores the significance of conscience in a detailed phenomenology. Husserl provides a curious perspective on ethics when he, under the heading of a renewal (Japanese Kaizo) of reason, provides an account of a vaguely dialectical development of reason as logos which goes beyond the division between the ‘descriptive’ and ‘ethical’. In the wider sense of ethics, it is also ‘good’ to write about the world we live in. Literature (Hermann, Wallace) will be treated here as an exemplary art-form that stands in close proximity to philosophy since both strive to capture in language the world we live in.
Dietary calcium impairs tomato lycopene bioavailability in healthy humans
Authors: Borel Patrick , Desmarchelier C. , Dumont U. , Halimi C. , Lairon D. , Page D. , Sébédio J. L. , Buisson C. , Buffière C. , Rémond D. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractLycopene (LYC) bioavailability is relatively low and highly variable, because of the influence of several factors. Recent in vitro data have suggested that dietary Ca can impair LYC micellarisation, but there is no evidence whether this can lead to decreased LYC absorption efficiency in humans. Our objective was to assess whether a nutritional dose of Ca impairs dietary LYC bioavailability and to study the mechanism(s) involved. First, in a randomised, two-way cross-over study, ten healthy adults consumed either a test meal that provided 19-mg (all-E)-LYC from tomato paste or the same meal plus 500-mg calcium carbonate as a supplement. Plasma LYC concentration was measured at regular time intervals over 7 h postprandially. In a second approach, an in vitro digestion model was used to assess the effect of increasing Ca doses on LYC micellarisation and on the size and zeta potential of the mixed micelles produced during digestion of a complex food matrix. LYC bioavailability was diminished by 83 % following the addition of Ca in the test meal. In vitro, Ca affected neither LYC micellarisation nor mixed micelle size but it decreased the absolute value of their charge by 39 %. In conclusion, a nutritional dose of Ca can impair dietary LYC bioavailability in healthy humans. This inhibition could be due to the fact that Ca diminishes the electrical charge of micelles. These results call for a thorough assessment of the effects of Ca, or other divalent minerals, on the bioavailability of other carotenoids and lipophilic micronutrients.
Numerical Approximations to Extremal Toric Kähler Metrics with Arbitrary Kähler Class
Authors: Hall Stuart James , Murphy Thomas 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe develop new algorithms for approximating extremal toric Kähler metrics. We focus on an extremal metric on , which is conformal to an Einstein metric (the Chen–LeBrun–Weber metric). We compare our approximation to one given by Bunch and Donaldson and compute various geometric quantities. In particular, we demonstrate a small eigenvalue of the scalar Laplacian of the Einstein metric that gives numerical evidence that the Einstein metric is conformally unstable under Ricci flow.
Endoscopic ear surgery: a hot topic?
Authors: Mitchell S , Coulson C 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectives:To summarise published research investigating maximal temperatures associated with endoscopes used in otology. Possible thermal issues surrounding the use of endoscopes in middle-ear surgery are discussed, and recommendations regarding the safest ways to use endoscopes in endoscopic ear surgery are made.Methods:A non-systematic review of the relevant literature was conducted, with descriptive analysis and presentation of the results.Results:There are currently no reports of any temperature-related deleterious effects in patients having undergone endoscopic ear surgery. There is debate regarding heat issues in endoscopic ear surgery, with a limited body of work documenting potential negative impacts of middle-ear heat exposure from endoscopes. The diameter of endoscope, type of light source used, distance from endoscope tip and duration of exposure are highlighted potential factors for high temperatures in endoscopic ear surgery.Conclusion:There is a trend towards endoscopes being used routinely in ear surgery. Simple practice points are recommended to minimise potential thermal risks.
Role of circumferential subannular tympanoplasty in anterior and subtotal perforations
Authors: Singh G B , Ranjan S , Arora R , Kumar S 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to evaluate the surgical success of a modified inlay tympanoplasty technique, known as circumferential subannular tympanoplasty, for anterior and subtotal perforations.Methods:This prospective study was performed in a tertiary care teaching hospital between October 2013 and April 2016. A total of 58 adult patients of both sexes with anterior or subtotal perforations underwent circumferential subannular tympanoplasty under local anaesthesia. In this technique, after tympanomeatal flap elevation, the temporalis fascia graft is placed directly onto the annulus instead of being tucked underneath the tympanic membrane remnant. Outcome data were graft uptake and hearing improvement.Results:This technique had a surgical success rate of 97 per cent and led to significant hearing improvement.Conclusion:Circumferential subannular tympanoplasty has a definitive role in managing anterior and subtotal perforations.