bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water quality assessment in a shallow lake used for tourism
Authors: Dembowska Ewa A. , Pul Patrycja L. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The routine evaluation of water quality is limited to lakes with the largest area. In Poland, only lakes with an area exceeding 50 hectares are monitored by the State Environmental Monitoring System. For many local communities, however, small lakes are more important. This applies mainly to areas with a small number of lakes, where even the smallest lakes are used for various purposes. This paper presents the results of phytoplankton analysis in a small and shallow lake used for recreation. The study was conducted at three sites located in different parts of the lake. A total of 122 algae taxa were identified in the phytoplankton, mainly diatoms and green algae. The most constant taxa in the lake were: Stephanodiscus hantzschii, Desmodesmus communis, Pediastrum tetras and Crucigenia tetrapedia. The average phytoplankton biomass was 37 mg l−1. The maximum biomass, almost 140 mg dm−3, was recorded in late July at the site located near the beach. At that time, there was a massive cyanobacterial bloom composed of Microcystis wesenbergii and Aphanizomenon issatschenkoi. Based on these studies, the lake should be classified as hypertrophic with bad ecological status. This lake should not be used for recreational purposes in the current state.
High antiviral effect of TiO2·PL–DNA nanocomposites targeted to conservative regions of (−)RNA and (+)RNA of influenza A virus in cell culture
Authors: Levina Asya S , Repkova Marina N , Bessudnova Elena V , Filippova Ekaterina I , Mazurkova Natalia A , Zarytova Valentina F 
Published: August 2016

Background:The development of new antiviral drugs based on nucleic acids is under scrutiny. An important problem in this aspect is to find the most vulnerable conservative regions in the viral genome as targets for the action of these agents. Another challenge is the development of an efficient system for their delivery into cells. To solve this problem, we proposed a TiO2·PL–DNA nanocomposite consisting of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and polylysine (PL)-containing oligonucleotides.Results:The TiO2·PL–DNA nanocomposites bearing the DNA fragments targeted to different conservative regions of (−)RNA and (+)RNA of segment 5 of influenza A virus (IAV) were studied for their antiviral activity in MDCK cells infected with the H1N1, H5N1, and H3N2 virus subtypes. Within the negative strand of each of the studied strains, the efficiency of DNA fragments increased in the direction of its 3’-end. Thus, the DNA fragment aimed at the 3’-noncoding region of (−)RNA was the most efficient and inhibited the reproduction of different IAV subtypes by 3–4 orders of magnitude. Although to a lesser extent, the DNA fragments targeted at the AUG region of (+)RNA and the corresponding region of (−)RNA were also active. For all studied viral subtypes, the nanocomposites bearing the DNA fragments targeted to (−)RNA appeared to be more efficient than those containing fragments aimed at the corresponding (+)RNA regions.Conclusion:The proposed TiO2·PL–DNA nanocomposites can be successfully used for highly efficient and site-specific inhibition of influenza A virus of different subtypes. Some patterns of localization of the most vulnerable regions in IAV segment 5 for the action of DNA-based drugs were found. The (−)RNA strand of IAV segment 5 appeared to be more sensitive as compared to (+)RNA.
Interactions cognition-émotion et personnalité psychopathique : des trajectoires distinctes vers les comportements antisociaux et violents
Authors: Verona Edelyn 
Published: August 2016

Les chercheurs ont depuis longtemps reconnu l’hétérogénéité des individus présentant des comportements antisociaux et violents. Or, l’étude de la personnalité psychopathique (ou psychopathie), par l’examen de ses différentes facettes, peut aider à mieux comprendre cette hétérogénéité. Plus particulièrement, la distinction entre les corrélats des traits interpersonnels et affectifs (Facteur 1) et ceux des traits impulsifs et antisociaux (Facteur 2) de la psychopathie suggère l’existence d’au moins deux trajectoires pouvant mener aux comportements antisociaux. Basée sur diverses études en neurosciences cognitives et affectives, nous proposons une revue ciblée, non exhaustive, des travaux identifiant les mécanismes biopsychologiques impliqués dans ces deux trajectoires, avec une attention particulière accordée aux études utilisant la méthode des potentiels évoqués (PE). Plus spécifiquement, nous présentons une série d’études portant sur les processus cognitifs et affectifs permettant de distinguer, parmi un groupe de délinquants, ceux ayant des traits psychopathiques élevés, en mettant en évidence les altérations des interactions entre émotion et cognition associées à chaque facteur de la psychopathie. L’ensemble de ces résultats mène aux conclusions suivantes. Le Facteur 1, associé à une réponse émotionnelle diminuée exacerbée par des anomalies attentionnelles, correspond à un profil de délinquance caractérisé par des conduites délibérées et une insensibilité émotionnelle. À l’opposé, le Facteur 2 comporte des dérégulations émotionnelles et comportementales, de même que des troubles de contrôle cognitif, particulièrement en contexte émotionnel. Les implications de l’identification de ces processus étiologiques seront ensuite présentées dans la perspective d’une meilleure compréhension des comportements violents et antisociaux.
Transmittance characteristics of plasmonic graphene ribbons with a wing
Authors: Yuan Lin , Yan Xin , Wang Yueke , Sang Tian , Yang Guofeng 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
We numerically investigate the transmittance characteristics of graphene ribbons with a wing by the finite element method. By determining the dispersion relation of edge graphene plasmon (EGP) modes and analyzing the mode distributions, it is considered that the transmission dips originate from the resonances of three EGP modes, namely, the symmetrical EGPs, antisymmetrical EGPs, and EGPs of a semi-infinite sheet. By changing the width and length of the wing, it was further confirmed that transmission dips originate from the EGP modes. Owing to the tunable permittivity of graphene by adjusting the gate voltage, the transmittance dips can be easily tuned.
Nanocontact printing of Au nanoarray onto atomically stepped ultrasmooth polymer sheets
Authors: Shimada Kodai , Tan Goon , Nozawa Yasuhisa , Urakami Tatsuhiro , Koyama Koji , Kaneko Satoru , Matsuda Akifumi , Yoshimoto Mamoru 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Large area Au nanoparticle arrays of dots or meshes were produced onto 0.3-nm-high stepped ultrasmooth poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) sheets by applying a nanocontact-printing technique using a Au-film-coated pillar or mesh molds. The ultrasmooth PMMA sheets were fabricated by thermal nanoimprinting using the atomically stepped sapphire templates. The partial Au ultrathin layer near the protruding area of the mold was adhered onto the PMMA sheet under imprinting conditions (loading of 0.4–2 MPa at 80 °C for 300 s).
Predicting the mineral composition of dust aerosols: Insights from elemental composition measured at the Izaña Observatory
Authors: Pérez García‐Pando Carlos , Miller Ron L. , Perlwitz Jan P. , Rodríguez Sergio , Prospero Joseph M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractRegional variations of dust mineral composition are fundamental to climate impacts but generally neglected in climate models. A challenge for models is that atlases of soil composition are derived from measurements following wet sieving, which destroys the aggregates potentially emitted from the soil. Aggregates are crucial to simulating the observed size distribution of emitted soil particles. We use an extension of brittle fragmentation theory in a global dust model to account for these aggregates. Our method reproduces the size‐resolved dust concentration along with the approximately size‐invariant fractional abundance of elements like Fe and Al in the decade‐long aerosol record from the Izaña Observatory, off the coast of West Africa. By distinguishing between Fe in structural and free forms, we can attribute improved model behavior to aggregation of Fe and Al‐rich clay particles. We also demonstrate the importance of size‐resolved measurements along with elemental composition analysis to constrain models.
Overestimating climate warming‐induced methane gas escape from the seafloor by neglecting multiphase flow dynamics
Authors: Stranne C. , O'Regan M. , Jakobsson M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractContinental margins host large quantities of methane stored partly as hydrates in sediments. Release of methane through hydrate dissociation is implicated as a possible feedback mechanism to climate change. Large‐scale estimates of future warming‐induced methane release are commonly based on a hydrate stability approach that omits dynamic processes. Here we use the multiphase flow model TOUGH + hydrate (T + H) to quantitatively investigate how dynamic processes affect dissociation rates and methane release. The simulations involve shallow, 20–100 m thick hydrate deposits, forced by a bottom water temperature increase of 0.03°C yr−1 over 100 years. We show that on a centennial time scale, the hydrate stability approach can overestimate gas escape quantities by orders of magnitude. Our results indicate a time lag of > 40 years between the onset of warming and gas escape, meaning that recent climate warming may soon be manifested as widespread gas seepages along the world's continental margins.
Dynamics of water vapor and energy exchanges above two contrasting Sudanian climate ecosystems in Northern Benin (West Africa)
Authors: Mamadou Ossénatou , Galle Sylvie , Cohard Jean‐Martial , Peugeot Christophe , Kounouhewa Basile , Biron Romain , Hector Basile , Zannou Arnaud Bruno 
Published: August 2016

AbstractNatural ecosystems in sub‐Saharan Africa are experiencing intense changes that will probably modify land surface feedbacks and consequently the regional climate. In this study, we have analyzed water vapor (QLE) and sensible heat (QH) fluxes over a woodland (Bellefoungou, BE) and a cultivated area (Nalohou, NA) in the Sudanian climate of Northern Benin, using 2 years (from July 2008 to June 2010) of eddy covariance measurements. The evaporative fraction (EF) response to environmental and surface variables was investigated at seasonal scale. Soil moisture was found to be the main environmental factor controlling energy partitioning. During the wet seasons, EF was rather stable with an average of 0.75 ± 0.07 over the woodland and 0.70 ± 0.025 over the cultivated area. This means that 70–75% of the available energy was changed into actual evapotranspiration during the investigated wet seasons depending on the vegetation type. The cumulative annual actual evapotranspiration (AET) varied between 730 ± 50 mm yr−1 at the NA site and 1040 ± 70 mm yr−1 at the BE site. With similar weather conditions at the two sites, the BE site showed 30% higher AET values than the NA site. The sensible heat flux QH at the cultivated site was always higher than that of the woodland site, but observed differences were much less than those of QLE. In a land surface conversion context, these differences are expected to impact both atmospheric dynamics and the hydrological cycle.
Modeling hydrological process in a glacier basin on the central Tibetan Plateau with a distributed hydrology soil vegetation model
Authors: Zhang Guoshuai , Kang Shichang , Cuo Lan , Qu Bin 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA mass and energy balance‐based glacier melt module was coupled with the spatially distributed hydrological soil vegetation model and used to simulate the basin‐scale water and energy balance in the Zhadang glacier basin. Observed hourly meteorological data from 2011 to 2014 were used as model forcing data. The basin‐scale simulations were evaluated at both the point and areal scales using albedo, temperature, and height change on the glacier surface, as well as the mass balance and streamflow of the whole basin. The analysis showed that the model could effectively reproduce the key elements of the energy and mass balance of the Zhadang basin. The analysis demonstrates that radiation was the most important energy component accounting for 80% of total surface energy. On average, glacier runoff contributed to 64% of the total basin discharge during the study period. The overall streamflow was controlled by the glacier mass balance in 2012 and 2014, while temperature and precipitation affected hydrological processes the most during 2011 and 2013. Both high temperature and precipitation resulted in high total basin streamflow but via different mechanisms. High temperatures increase glacier mass loss and glacier melt runoff, whereas high precipitation decreases glacier melt runoff but produces high runoff in nonglacier areas. The early onset of the Indian monsoon with high snowfall reduces glacier surface melt but sustains basin discharge, positively affecting for water resources.
Redox‐Neutral C1 Functionalization of Unprotected Tetrahydroisoquinolines with Diazo Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Huang Jun , Li Linyong , Xiao Tiebo , Mao Zong‐wan , Zhou Lei 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA silver or acid‐mediated three‐component reaction of tetrahydroisoquinolines, benzaldehydes, and diazo compounds has been developed. The reaction provides a novel route to β‐amino‐α‐diazo compounds through redox‐neutral C1 functionalization of unprotected THIQs with diazo carbonyl motifs with high regioselectivity.
Paranasal sinus opacification‐to‐pneumatization ratio applied as a rapid and validated clinician assessment
Authors: Marino Michael J. , Riley Charles A. , Patel Amit S. , Pou Jason D. , Kessler Raymond H. , McCoul Edward D. 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundThe utility of clinician‐applied instruments, particularly the Lund‐Mackay score, in the assessment of paranasal sinus computed tomography (CT) in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) remains incompletely defined. The purpose of this study was to determine if a new approach to the evaluation of sinus CT could accurately predict the extent of opacification while remaining simple for clinician use.MethodsTwenty‐four sinus CT scans were measured for the percent of sinus opacification using three‐dimensional (3D) volumetric analyses. The same scans were also evaluated using the Lund‐Mackay score to measure opacification and the Assessment of Pneumatization of the Paranasal Sinuses (APPS) score to measure total sinus volume (TSV). Correlation analysis was performed for the Lund‐Mackay to APPS score ratio as a predictor of percent opacification. Validation analysis was also performed to determine the optimal orientation for Lund‐Mackay scoring, which has not previously been described.ResultsThe Lund‐Mackay to APPS score ratio was very strongly correlated with the percentage of sinus opacification measured by 3D volumetric analysis (r = 0.862, r2 = 0.743, p < 0.001). Lund‐Mackay scoring was not statistically different between axial‐only, coronal‐only, or triplanar groups for interrater (p = 0.379) and intrarater reliability (p = 0.312).ConclusionThe Lund‐Mackay score is validated for rater reliability in multiple orientations. Using the APPS score as a measure of TSV, the Lund‐Mackay‐to‐APPS ratio very strongly correlates with the percentage of sinus opacification by 3D volumetric analysis. Further study will be required to determine if this ratio is predictive of symptom severity.
Promotion of Organic Reactions by Non‐Benzenoid Carbocyclic Aromatic Ions
Authors: Lyons Demelza J. M. , Crocker Reece D. , Blümel Marcus , Nguyen Thanh V. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe first three primary members of the non‐benzenoid carbocyclic aromatic ion family, namely cyclopropenium, cyclopentadienide, and cycloheptatrienium (tropylium) ions, have planar cyclic structures with (4n+2)π electrons in fully conjugated systems. They fulfill Hückel's rule for aromaticity and hence possess extraordinary stability. Since the historic discovery of tropylium bromide in the late 19th Century, these non‐benzenoid aromatic ions have attracted a lot of attention because of their unique combination of stability and reactivity. The charge on the aromatic ions makes them more prone to nucleophilic/electrophilic reactions than the neutral benzenoid counterparts. Within the last seven years, there has been a large number of investigations in utilizing aromatic ions to mediate organic reactions. This Review highlights these recent developments and discusses the potential of aromatic ions in promoting synthetically useful organic transformations.
Randomized clinical trial of single-incision versus multiport laparoscopic colectomy
Authors: Watanabe J , Ota M , Fujii S , Suwa H , Ishibe A , Endo I 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Background
The efficacy and safety of single-incision laparoscopic colectomy (SILC) for colonic cancer remain unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the outcomes of SILC compared with multiport laparoscopic colectomy (MPLC) for colonic cancer.

Methods
Patients with histologically proven colonic carcinoma located in the caecum, ascending, sigmoid or rectosigmoid colon, clinically diagnosed as stage 0–III by CT, were eligible for this study. Patients were randomized before surgery and underwent tumour dissection with complete mesocolic excision. Safety analyses were conducted according to randomization groups.

Results
A total of 200 patients were enrolled and randomized to the MPLC (100 patients) or SILC (100 patients) arm. Surgical outcomes were similar between the MPLC and SILC arms, including duration of operation (mean 162 versus 156 min respectively; P = 0·273), blood loss (mean 8·8 versus 21·4 ml; P = 0·102), conversion to open laparotomy (2·0 versus 1·0 per cent; P = 0·561), reoperation (3·0 versus 3·0 per cent; P = 1·000), time to first flatus (both median 1 day; P = 0·155) and postoperative hospital stay (both median 6; P = 0·372). The total skin incision length was significantly shorter in the SILC arm (mean 4·4 cm versus 6·8 cm in the MPLC arm; P &lt; 0·001). The median duration of analgesia use was 5 days in the MPLC and 4 days in the SILC arm (P = 0·485). Overall complication rates were equivalent (15·0 versus 12·0 per cent respecitvely; P = 0·680).

Conclusion
SILC is not superior to MPLC. Registration number: UMIN000007220 (http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index.htm).
Employing a Nickel‐Containing Supramolecular Framework as Ni Precursor for Synthesizing Robust Supported Ni Catalysts for Dry Reforming of Methane
Authors: Li Weizuo , Zhao Zhongkui , Guo Xinwen , Wang Guiru 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis work presents a facile and efficient approach for preparing well dispersed supported Ni catalyst (HMA@Ni/SBA‐15) for dry reforming of methane (DRM) through the modified impregnation method by using a hexamethylenetetramine (HMA) Ni(II) complex, a three‐dimensional hydrogen‐bonded supramolecular framework, as Ni precursor. By employing this method, the NiII cation was discretely impregnated into the mesoporous channels of SBA‐15 support by the “obstacle effect” of the HMA coordination shell of the Ni complex; and then the Ni nanoparticles were stabilized inside the mesoporous channels of SBA‐15 by the confinement effect. The developed HMA@Ni/SBA‐15 catalyst demonstrated much higher catalytic activity and much better catalytic stability than the traditional Ni/SBA‐15 towards this reaction. The superior catalytic activity was suggested to be associated with the enhanced Ni dispersion and the improved reduction degree of NiO. In addition, the confinement effect of mesopore channels and strengthened interaction between Ni and support by improved Ni dispersion contributed to stabilizing Ni particles during the reduction and reaction process at high temperature. The strengthened Ni–support interaction of HMA@Ni/SBA‐15 favored the formation of whisker‐like carbon, which did not depress the accessibility of Ni active sites. However, owing to the weaker Ni–support interaction, the clearly observed shell‐like carbon closely encapsulated on Ni nanoparticles of spent Ni/SBA‐15 would significantly depress the accessibility of Ni active sites to reactants. The combination of stabilized Ni nanoparticles and well‐kept Ni accessibility of HMA@Ni/SBA‐15 catalyst allows it to show outstanding catalytic stability for DRM reaction. The much superior catalytic activity and stability of the developed HMA@Ni/SBA‐15 catalyst to the traditional Ni/SBA‐15 make it a promising candidate for producing synthesis gas through DRM reaction.
Gutmann's Donor Numbers Correctly Assess the Effect of the Solvent on the Kinetics of SNAr Reactions in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Alarcón‐Espósito Jazmín , Contreras Renato , Tapia Ricardo A. , Campodónico Paola R. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe report an experimental study on the effect of solvents on the model SNAr reaction between 1‐chloro‐2,4‐dinitrobenzene and morpholine in a series of pure ionic liquids (IL). A significant catalytic effect is observed with reference to the same reaction run in water, acetonitrile, and other conventional solvents. The series of IL considered include the anions, NTf2−, DCN−, SCN−, CF3SO3−, PF6−, and FAP− with the series of cations 1‐butyl‐3‐methyl‐imidazolium ([BMIM]+), 1‐ethyl‐3‐methyl‐imidazolium ([EMIM]+), 1‐butyl‐2,3‐dimethyl‐imidazolium ([BM2IM]+), and 1‐butyl‐1‐methyl‐pyrrolidinium ([BMPyr]+). The observed solvent effects can be attributed to an “anion effect”. The anion effect appears related to the anion size (polarizability) and their hydrogen‐bonding (HB) abilities to the substrate. These results have been confirmed by performing a comparison of the rate constants with Gutmann's donicity numbers (DNs). The good correlation between rate constants and DN emphasizes the major role of charge transfer from the anion to the substrate.
Erweiterung des Semenov‐Kriteriums auf konzentrationsabhängige Reaktionen
Authors: Hugo Peter 
Published: August 2016

AbstractExotherme Flüssigphase‐Reaktionen werden technisch vielfach in gekühlten Batch‐Reaktoren durchgeführt. Ein mögliches Runaway kann bei geeigneter Wahl der Reaktions‐ und Betriebsbedingungen vermieden werden. Es wird gezeigt, dass für Reaktionen in flüssiger Phase anstelle des Semenov‐Kriteriums zur Beurteilung die Sensitivität mit Berücksichtigung der Konzentrationsabhängigkeit verwendet werden muss. Die theoretischen Zusammenhänge werden auf der Grundlage der Stoff‐ und Wärmebilanz abgeleitet. Sie werden anschließend anhand von numerischen Berechnungen veranschaulicht.
Facile Synthesis of Carbon‐Supported Ultrasmall Ag@Pd Core‐Shell Nanocrystals with Superior Electrocatalytic Activity for Direct Formic Acid Fuel Cell Application
Authors: Cao Jianyu , Zhu Zhentao , Zhao Weifang , Xu Juan , Chen Zhidong 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTo design electrocatalysts with excellent performance, morphology, composition and structure is a decisive influential factor. In this work, ultrasmall Ag@Pd core‐shell nanocrystals supported on Vulcan XC72R carbon with different Ag/Pd atomic ratios are synthesized via a facile successive reduction approach with formaldehyde and ethylene glycol as reducing agents, respectively. The Ag‐core/Pd‐shell nanostructures are revealed by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Ag@Pd core‐shell nanocrystals possess a narrow size distribution with an average size of ca. 4.3 nm. In comparison to monometallic Pd/C and commercial Pd black catalysts, such Ag@Pd core‐shell nanocrystals display excellent electrocatalytic activities for formic acid oxidation, which may be due to high Pd utilization derived from the formation of Ag@Pd core‐shell nanostructure and the strong interaction between Ag and Pd.