bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vaccine and Therapeutic Options To Control Chikungunya Virus
Authors: Powers Ann M. 
Published: December 2017

SUMMARYBeginning in 2004, chikungunya virus (CHIKV) went from an endemic pathogen limited to Africa and Asia that caused periodic outbreaks to a global pathogen. Given that outbreaks caused by CHIKV have continued and expanded, serious consideration must be given to identifying potential options for vaccines and therapeutics. Currently, there are no licensed products in this realm, and control relies completely on the use of personal protective measures and integrated vector control, which are only minimally effective. Therefore, it is prudent to urgently examine further possibilities for control. Vaccines have been shown to be highly effective against vector-borne diseases. However, as CHIKV is known to rapidly spread and generate high attack rates, therapeutics would also be highly valuable. Several candidates are currently being developed; this review describes the multiple options under consideration for future development and assesses their relative advantages and disadvantages.
Upon Infection, Cellular WD Repeat-Containing Protein 5 (WDR5) Localizes to Cytoplasmic Inclusion Bodies and Enhances Measles Virus Replication
Authors: Ma Dzwokai , George Cyril X. , Nomburg Jason L. , Pfaller Christian K. , Cattaneo Roberto , Samuel Charles E. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
Replication of negative-strand RNA viruses occurs in association with discrete cytoplasmic foci called inclusion bodies. Whereas inclusion bodies represent a prominent subcellular structure induced by viral infection, our knowledge of the cellular protein components involved in inclusion body formation and function is limited. Using measles virus-infected HeLa cells, we found that the WD repeat-containing protein 5 (WDR5), a subunit of histone H3 lysine 4 methyltransferases, was selectively recruited to virus-induced inclusion bodies. Furthermore, WDR5 was found in complexes containing viral proteins associated with RNA replication. WDR5 was not detected with mitochondria, stress granules, or other known secretory or endocytic compartments of infected cells. WDR5 deficiency decreased both viral protein production and infectious virus yields. Interferon production was modestly increased in WDR5-deficient cells. Thus, our study identifies WDR5 as a novel viral inclusion body-associated cellular protein and suggests a role for WDR5 in promoting viral replication.

IMPORTANCE
Measles virus is a human pathogen that remains a global concern, with more than 100,000 measles-related deaths annually despite the availability of an effective vaccine. As measles continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality, understanding the virus-host interactions at the molecular level that affect virus replication efficiency is important for development and optimization of treatment procedures. Measles virus is an RNA virus that encodes six genes and replicates in the cytoplasm of infected cells in discrete cytoplasmic replication bodies, though little is known of the biochemical nature of these structures. Here, we show that the cellular protein WDR5 is enriched in the cytoplasmic viral replication factories and enhances virus growth. WDR5-containing protein complex includes viral proteins responsible for viral RNA replication. Thus, we have identified WDR5 as a host factor that enhances the replication of measles virus.
Transmission, Evolution, and Endogenization: Lessons Learned from Recent Retroviral Invasions
Authors: Greenwood Alex D. , Ishida Yasuko , O'Brien Sean P. , Roca Alfred L. , Eiden Maribeth V. 
Published: December 2017

SUMMARY

Viruses of the subfamily
Orthoretrovirinae
are defined by the ability to reverse transcribe an RNA genome into DNA that integrates into the host cell genome during the intracellular virus life cycle. Exogenous retroviruses (XRVs) are horizontally transmitted between host individuals, with disease outcome depending on interactions between the retrovirus and the host organism. When retroviruses infect germ line cells of the host, they may become endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), which are permanent elements in the host germ line that are subject to vertical transmission. These ERVs sometimes remain infectious and can themselves give rise to XRVs. This review integrates recent developments in the phylogenetic classification of retroviruses and the identification of retroviral receptors to elucidate the origins and evolution of XRVs and ERVs. We consider whether ERVs may recurrently pressure XRVs to shift receptor usage to sidestep ERV interference. We discuss how related retroviruses undergo alternative fates in different host lineages after endogenization, with koala retrovirus (KoRV) receiving notable interest as a recent invader of its host germ line. KoRV is heritable but also infectious, which provides insights into the early stages of germ line invasions as well as XRV generation from ERVs. The relationship of KoRV to primate and other retroviruses is placed in the context of host biogeography and the potential role of bats and rodents as vectors for interspecies viral transmission. Combining studies of extant XRVs and “fossil” endogenous retroviruses in koalas and other Australasian species has broadened our understanding of the evolution of retroviruses and host-retrovirus interactions.
Radiomic Features Are Superior to Conventional Quantitative Computed Tomographic Metrics to Identify Coronary Plaques With Napkin-Ring Sign
Authors: Kolossváry Márton , Karády Júlia , Szilveszter Bálint , Kitslaar Pieter , Hoffmann Udo , Merkely Béla , Maurovich-Horvat Pál 
Published: December 2017

Background—
Napkin-ring sign (NRS) is an independent prognostic imaging marker of major adverse cardiac events. However, identification of NRS is challenging because of its qualitative nature. Radiomics is the process of extracting thousands of quantitative parameters from medical images to create big-data data sets that can identify distinct patterns in radiological images. Therefore, we sought to determine whether radiomic analysis improves the identification of NRS plaques.

Methods and Results—

From 2674 patients referred to coronary computed tomographic angiography caused by stable chest pain, expert readers identified 30 patients with NRS plaques and matched these with 30 non-NRS plaques with similar degree of calcification, luminal obstruction, localization, and imaging parameters. All plaques were segmented manually, and image data information was analyzed using Radiomics Image Analysis package for the presence of 8 conventional and 4440 radiomic parameters. We used the permutation test of symmetry to assess differences between NRS and non-NRS plaques, whereas we calculated receiver-operating characteristics’ area under the curve values to evaluate diagnostic accuracy. Bonferroni-corrected
P
<0.0012 was considered significant. None of the conventional quantitative parameters but 20.6% (916/4440) of radiomic features were significantly different between NRS and non-NRS plaques. Almost half of these (418/916) reached an area under the curve value >0.80. Short- and long-run low gray-level emphasis and surface ratio of high attenuation voxels to total surface had the highest area under the curve values (0.918; 0.894 and 0.890, respectively).

Conclusions—
A large number of radiomic features are different between NRS and non-NRS plaques and exhibit excellent discriminatory value.
The association between the metabolic syndrome and metabolic syndrome score and pulmonary function in non-smoking adults
Authors: Yoon Hyun , Gi Mi Young , Cha Ju Ae , Yoo Chan Uk , Park Sang Muk 
Published: December 2017

Objective: This study assessed the association of metabolic syndrome and metabolic syndrome score with the predicted forced vital capacity and predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s) values in Korean non-smoking adults. Methods: We analysed data obtained from 6684 adults during the 2013–2015 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Results: After adjustment for related variables, metabolic syndrome ( p < 0.001) and metabolic syndrome score ( p < 0.001) were found to be inversely associated with the predicted forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 s values. The odds ratios of restrictive pulmonary disease (the predicted forced vital capacity < 80.0% with forced expiratory volume in 1 s/FVC ⩾ 70.0%) by metabolic syndrome score with metabolic syndrome score 0 as a reference group showed no significance for metabolic syndrome score 1 [1.061 (95% confidence interval, 0.755–1.490)] and metabolic syndrome score 2 [1.247 (95% confidence interval, 0.890–1.747)], but showed significant for metabolic syndrome score 3 [1.433 (95% confidence interval, 1.010–2.033)] and metabolic syndrome score ⩾ 4 [1.760 (95% confidence interval, 1.216–2.550)]. In addition, the odds ratio of restrictive pulmonary disease of the metabolic syndrome [1.360 (95% confidence interval, 1.118–1.655)] was significantly higher than those of non-metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome and metabolic syndrome score were inversely associated with the predicted forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 s values in Korean non-smoking adults. In addition, metabolic syndrome and metabolic syndrome score were positively associated with the restrictive pulmonary disease.
Unplanned stents in thoracic endovascular aortic repair for type B aortic dissection: A 16-year single-center report
Authors: Liu Junjun , Zhang Rongjie , Feng Rui , Feng Jiaxuan , Zhao Zhiqing , Li Zhenjiang , Zhao Yuxi , Li Yiming , Zhou Jian , Jing Zaiping 
Published: December 2017

Background Unplanned stents in thoracic endovascular aortic repair mean additional stents implantation beyond the preoperative planning to achieve operation success. This study aimed to reveal the prevalence and consequences of unplanned stents in thoracic endovascular aortic repair for type B aortic dissection and explore the reasons, risk factors and solutions for unplanned stents. Methods Retrospectively analysis consecutive patients diagnosed as type B aortic dissection with initial tear originating distal from the left subclavian artery and underwent thoracic endovascular aortic repair from September 1998 to June 2014 in our center. Results Under the criteria, this study enrolled 322 patients, with 83 (25.8%) patients in unplanned group. The incidence rate of unplanned stents in thoracic endovascular aortic repair for type B aortic dissection in each year demonstrates as a bimodal curve. The curve showed that, 2003 and, 2004 was the first and highest peak and 2007 was the second peak. There was no difference in five-year survival rate between planned and unplanned patients (log-rank test, p = 0.994). The unplanned group had higher hospitalization expenses (142,699.08 ± 78,446.75 yuan vs. 175,238.58 ± 34,838.01 yuan; p = 0.019), longer operation time (104.50 ± 93.24 min vs. 179.08 ± 142.47 min; p < 0.001) and hospitalization time (17.07 ± 16.62 d vs. 24.00 ± 15.34 d; p = 0.001). The reasons for unplanned stents were type Ia endoleak (46 patients, 55.4%), bird beak (25 patients, 30.1%), and inappropriate shaping of stent (9 patients, 10.8%). Asymptomatic aortic dissection patients had higher incidence of unplanned stents. Short proximal neck length (2.66 ± 0.59 mm vs. 2.50 ± 0.51 mm; p = 0.016), short stent coverage length (154.62 ± 41.12 mm vs. 133.60 ± 44.33 mm; p = 0.002), and large distal stent oversize (75.44±10.77% vs. 82.68±15.80%; p <0.001) were risk factors for unplanned stents in thoracic endovascular aortic repair. Conclusion There are some special risk factors and reasons for unplanned stents in thoracic endovascular aortic repair for type B aortic dissection. Knowing these can we reduce the utilization of unplanned stents with appropriate methods.
Forward Waiting in Theatre
Authors: Belbin Heidi 
Published: December 2017

Waiting to go into theatre on the day of your surgery is probably the most stressful time for patients. What happens to patients during this crucial time can make a tremendous difference to the whole experience of going to theatre. Heidi Belbin and her colleagues realised that there was a problem at Lincoln City Hospital with patients being kept waiting at theatre reception and were concerned that the quality of patient care in this respect was not acceptable. A plan was developed to improve this situation, and the story of what was done is told in this article. The project was entered for the 3M/NATN award, and earned a commendation from the judges.
Health and Safety: Your Problem or Mine?
Authors: Rose Raymond , Reid Jane 
Published: December 2017

This year the topic of Health and Safety has been selected by the Education Committee as the theme for the annual programme. To complement the February Study day held at Birmingham in February, the National Workshop planned for Harrogate in July and the Study Day to be held in Newcastle in November, we are publishing a series of papers on the same theme. Publication can disseminate best practice on a much wider scale and stimulate work based discussion. Over the coming months, different contributors will cover a variety of health and safety topics in the domains of personal care, patient care and environmental considerations, such as latex sensitivity, manual handling, COSHH and risk assessment. In this issue Raymond Rose ‘kicks off the series with a brief outline of social and workplace reforms that have led to key legal statutes and European directives that continue to influence our workbased practices. This is your Journal and we are always keen to respond to your concerns. Please write to either the Editor or myself about topics you feel could be included in this important series. I look forward to hearing from you.
Circulation and Invasive Monitoring: Back to Basics
Authors: Milton Sherran 
Published: December 2017

Introduction The monitoring of patients within the perioperative environment has become increasingly sophisticated as technological advances are made within anaesthesia and anaesthetic technique. The contemporary anaesthetic practitioner (AP) is required to prepare an ever mounting array of complex monitoring equipment within their daily routine. For clarification, in this article the abbreviation AP will refer to a nurse or operating department practitioner who is performing the anaesthetic assistant role, not to a physicians' assistant (anaesthesia) (AAGBI 2008).
Fractures of the Wrist and Hand
Authors: Malik Atif A , Yousaf Naveed , Khan Wasim , Ihsan Mohammed , Ravenscroft Matt 
Published: December 2017

Introduction The hand is one of the most important organs of human body serving multiple day to day functions and, as such, disability resulting from poorly managed fractures of the hand can have huge implications for patients. This not only includes incapacity to complete actions of daily living but also inability to satisfactorily undertake many forms of employment. This not only has implications for the individual but also socio-economic implications.
Work-Based Learning: Supporting Advanced Perioperative Practice
Authors: Quick Julie 
Published: December 2017

The arrival of work-based learning awards in professional education offers an alternative route for healthcare professionals looking to undertake post-registration education. The unique way that work-based learning integrates individual learning needs with that of role requirements makes the award an ideal choice for the advanced perioperative practitioner (APP) who wishes to combine academic study with professional development. As an experienced and professionally qualified practitioner (Thatcher 2003) the APP will have an accumulation of knowledge, skills and experience that may go unrecognised in alternative awards. The term APP refers to a nurse, ODP or allied healthcare professional who undertakes a role that challenges the traditional boundaries of care within the perioperative environment (Radford 2004), such as that of a surgical care practitioner (SCP). Here Julie Quick, a SCP, examines the changes within post-registration education and in particular describes why work-based learning awards may be an appropriate choice for practitioners working at a higher level of practice.
Your Life in WHO's Hands: The World Health Organization Surgical Safety Checklist: A Critical Review of the Literature
Authors: Jones Susan 
Published: December 2017

Safe surgery is a world-wide recognised issue. The World Health Organization statistics show that the occurrence of major complications is between 3 and 16%, and the occurrence of disability and death is between 0.4 and 0.8% (WHO 2009). According to Vijayasekar and Steele (2009) 234 million major surgical procedures are undertaken globally each year. The National Patient Safety Agency (NPSA) has collated over 1 million reports of surgical incidences in England and Wales between October 2006 and September 2007. Weiser et al (2008) quote a world-wide figure of 7 million individuals affected with a disabling complication, and a death rate of 1 million.
The Future of Patient Safety for the New NHS in England
Authors: Woodward Suzette 
Published: December 2017

‘You don't need to work around a hospital for long to realise that there are loads of opportunities for things to go wrong. And you only have to listen to a story from a patient or actually be a patient to understand that it doesn't take much to make things an awful lot better and safe’. Participant, Patient Safety First, 2010
Regional Uptake and Variations in Orthopaedic Enhanced Recovery Pathways in Knee and Hip Total Arthroplasty
Authors: Mawdsley MJ , Baker PN , Desai A , Green RN , Jevons L 
Published: December 2017

The use of enhanced recovery (ER) pathways for hip and knee arthroplasty has increased over the last decade, and the adoption within orthopaedics is becoming more common. We have demonstrated a regional variation and institutional inconsistency of uptake and delivery of ER pathways in our region. Units that have a unified pathway were more likely to have consistency in treatment and early analgesia for patients. We would advocate that units use an agreed enhanced recovery pathway to optimise patient recovery from hip and knee arthroplasties.
‘We want an allocation to theatre!’ Diploma level nursing students have their say
Authors: Walker Linda 
Published: December 2017

The aim of this study was to ascertain the perceptions of diploma level nursing students towards theatre nursing and whether these perceptions had any influenced on their choosing a career in operating department nursing. The study was qualitative in its approach, using a questionnaire as the main research tool, to focus on thirty-three second year diploma level nursing students. The main findings were that 94% of the students felt that a set allocation to the operating theatre would be invaluable, as it would enhance the nursing care they gave to their patients on the ward. The study also found that the students did not have a real understanding of the theatre nurse's role, with only one third of the students seeing the theatre nurse carrying out patient care. This perceived lack of patient care had a major effect on them not wishing to choose theatre nursing as a career, once qualified. The results of this study suggest that the profile of theatre nursing must be raised to attract greater numbers of students to the speciality.
Systematic Review of Ondansetron for the Prevention and Treatment of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Adults
Authors: Cox Felicia 
Published: December 2017

Objectives To determine the efficacy and safety of ondansetron for the prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in adults. Design Systematic review of published double-blind randomised controlled trials. Data sources Twenty seven trials from 1990 to July 1998 retrieved from a systematic literature search (Medline, Cinahl, Embase, Cochrane Library, reference lists, hand searching of anaesthetic journals, & provided manufacturer information); restricted to English language. Main outcome measures Estimation of efficacy (incidence of complete absence of nausea or other outcome measure as defined by the authors) at 24 hours. Results Seven double-blind randomised controlled trials with 1,623 patients studied intravenous ondansetron 1mg, 4mg, or 8mg for the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Four mg, compared with metoclopramide 10mg, produced higher patient satisfaction scores and an increased incidence of freedom from nausea at 24 hours. Further studies are required to compare the safety, efficacy and dose response with other anti-emetics at 24 hours. Twenty double-blind randomised controlled trials with 4,364 patients studied intravenous and oral administration of ondansetron 1mg, 4mg, and 8mg for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. There appears to be no significant difference between droperidol (0.625mg, 1mg or 1.25 mg) IV and ondansetron 4mg in efficacy and incidence of side effects. Compared with metoclopramide, ondansetron produced less nausea but the incidence of vomiting was the same at 24 hours. Conclusions Further PONV could be prevented with ondansetron 4mg compared with placebo and metoclopramide 10mg. Further studies are required to compare ondansetron with other anti-emetics for the treatment of PONV. For prophylaxis of PONV ondansetron 4mg appears to be equal to low dose droperidol in efficacy and the incidence of side effects, and superior to metoclopramide. Ondansetron should perhaps be limited to second line treatment in view of patient satisfaction, efficacy and cost when compared with droperidol.
Anterior orbital leiomyoma originating from the supraorbital neurovascular bundle
Authors: Sendul Selam Yekta , Atilgan Cemile Ucgul , Kabukcuoglu Fevziye , Demir Semra Tiryaki , Guven Dilek 
Published: December 2017

Purpose: To present a young female patient with left anterior orbital leiomyoma that originates from the supraorbital neurovascular bundle. Case presentation: A 41-year-old female patient was admitted to our clinic with a complaint of swelling of the left upper eyelid. Based on the ophthalmological and imaging assessments, the excisional biopsy with the preliminary diagnosis of dermoid cyst was planned. The histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations of excised sample revealed surprisingly that the tumour was a leiomyoma. No recurrence was detected in the patient’s follow-up. Conclusion: Although it is rare, orbital leiomyoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with orbital tumour.
Cultural Landscapes: The Future in the Process
Authors: Milan Selena Bagnara 
Published: December 2017

The cultural dimension of any cultural landscape embodies various aspects associated with the local community that act as a generating force. Conversely, cultural landscapes play a crucial role in people’s quality of life and sense of belonging, their features contributing to the overall landscape perception and character. Therefore, all heritage management and conservation approaches ought to be based on the identification and consideration of this interrelationship and provide a shared vision—within a global context—through the adoption of cross-disciplinary methods of analysing, evaluating and monitoring cultural landscapes in all their dimensions over time. Within the above conceptual framework, this article attempts to present a meaningful contribution for specific challenges and opportunities connected with the management of cultural landscapes reflecting their multifunctional acceptation. Considering that the development of a management plan is part of a higher management process as well as an essential tool for creating agreement among stakeholders and professionals, the article concludes with an outlook on landscape future scenarios, highlighting those forward-looking approaches that are more effective in governing change in such a way that cultural landscapes’ significant functions and values endure, along with supporting cultural and human sustainable development based on a balanced and critical assessment of the community interests.