bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Y-Stent-Assisted Coil Embolization of Wide-Neck Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Akgul E. , Aksungur E. , Balli T. , Onan B. , Yilmaz D.M. , Bicakci S. , Erman T. 
Published: January 2017

This report evaluated the short and midterm results of the safety and effectiveness of the treatment technique with hybrid and non-hybrid Y-configured, dual stent-assisted coil embolization of wide-neck intracranial aneurysms, and reviewed the literature concerning this technique. Nine patients, eight with unruptured and one with ruptured aneurysms were included in the study. Of aneurysms embolized with a hybrid (with two different stents) and non-hybrid (with two identical stents) technique, three were located in the anterior communicating artery, three at the tip and one at the distal site of basilar artery, and two in the middle cerebral artery. All aneurysms included the orifices of bifurcation vessels. All aneurysms were stented and embolized during the same session. While Neuroform and Enterprise stents were used in the hybrid technique, two Enterprise stents were used in the non-hybrid technique. Dual Y-stent assisted coil embolization was performed successfully in eight of nine patients (88.9%), including five patients (55.6%) with hybrid and three patients (33.3%) with non-hybrid technique. No procedural complication, no mortality and no minor or major neurological complications were seen during the angiographic or clinical follow-up. When an attempt was made at passing the second stent through the first Enterprise stent, the stent protruded inside the aneurysm in one patient (11.1%). Hybrid or non-hybrid dual Y-stent-assisted coil embolization in the treatment of ruptured or unruptured wide-neck and complex intracranial aneurysms is a safe and effective method from the viewpoint of short and midterm results.
Transvenous Approach to Intracranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistula (Cognard V): A Treatment Option
Authors: Lorenzo S. Aixut , Weitz A. Tomasello , Andaluz J. Blasco , Manzanera L. Sanroman , Fernández J.M. Macho 
Published: January 2017

The endovascular technique is the gold standard treatment in dural arteriovenous fistulas. Due to the limited number of series published it is difficult to create rigid guidelines in terms of the best endovascular treatment approach. Treatment must be tailored to each particular case, but it is important to keep in mind that the possibility of treating a type V dAVF by the transvenous approach should not be discarded. In selected cases the transvenous approach may be helpful to increase the chance of success in the endovascular treatment of type V dAVF. We describe a patient in whom the first arterial treatment failed to achieve occlusion of the fistulous point with the glue. Clinical symptoms improved due to the diminished flow at the fistula after the first embolization but as soon as collateral arteries were recruited by the fistula, spinal cord venous drainage impairment led to symptoms recurrence. Transvenous access allowed us to close the fistula completely in one only session with a complete disappearance of the pathologically inverted perimedullary venous flow.
Integration of local and central laboratory functions in a worldwide multicentre study: Experience from the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Study
Authors:   HAPO Study Cooperative Research Group, Nesbitt G Selby , Smye Michael , Sheridan Brian , Lappin Terence RJ , Trimble Elisabeth R 
Published: January 2017

Background Measurement of glucose in multiple Field Laboratories requires rigorous standardization when patients and caregivers are masked, unless predefined thresholds are met. Local misclassification of participants at the thresholds can introduce recruitment bias and adversely affect the integrity of study findings. Purpose To describe the challenges and the approach to meeting them in measuring glucose, HbA1c, and C-peptide in the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Study. HAPO is an observational epidemiologic study of 25 000 pregnant women from 15 centres in 10 countries, designed to clarify unanswered questions on associations of maternal glycemia, less severe than overt diabetes mellitus, with risks of adverse pregnancy outcome. Methods Glucose tolerance (75 g two-hour OGTT) is assessed locally at 24-32 weeks’ gestation, with results masked if fasting and two-hour plasma glucose are ≤5.8 mmol/L and ≤11.1 mmol/L, respectively. For analysis of outcomes HAPO utilizes measurements of glucose, C-peptide, and HbA1c on frozen samples in a Central Laboratory; measurement of HbA1c on stored, frozen blood also creates special challenges. A common external quality assessment scheme was used to standardize glucose measurements between Field Centre and Central Laboratories before and during data collection. Results Agreement between Field Centres and the Central Laboratory in rates above the masking thresholds has been excellent (Kappa = 0.79, P < 0.001), with rates of 1.8 and 1.7% respectively. Percent technical error for Central Laboratory OGTT measurements of glucose, C-peptide, and HbA1c, were 2.0, 4.2, and 2.0, respectively. Limitations It is not possible to assess if comparable results could have been obtained with a less rigorous approach to standardization. Conclusions HAPO has been successful in ensuring comparability of glucose measurement between its Central Laboratory and Field Centre laboratories and in measuring its key metabolites with accuracy and precision. Recruitment bias based on glucose measurement has been avoided.
A noninvasive diagnostic model to assess nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Ou Hongjie , Cai Shaohang , Liu Ying , Xia Muye , Peng Jie 
Published: January 2017

Objective: The objective of this study was to develop a noninvasive diagnostic test for nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) by using routinely available clinical markers. Methods: A retrospective study of patients with CHB, with or without hepatic steatosis (fatty change) who were diagnosed with controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) measured by transient elastography were included. Patient information was analyzed on lifestyle; laboratory tests, including serum lipid levels; blood pressure; blood uric acid; and medical history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Results: A total of 1312 patients were included in the study; 618 patients had confirmed hepatic steatosis. The CAP levels were significantly correlated with patient height ( p < 0.001), weight ( p < 0.001), waistline measurement ( p < 0.001), hipline measurement ( p < 0.001), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ( p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis resulted in the development of an equation for the diagnostic of simple steatosis: the fatty liver (FL) test. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve of the FL test was 0.79 ( p < 0.001) in the training group and 0.82 in the validation group. When the FL test was >−0.425, the sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (LR) and negative LR were 74.72%, 72.12%, 2.68, and 0.35 respectively. The average FL test result was −0.54 ± 1.26 in patients with CHB without hypertension, and 0.42 ± 1.35, 1.12 ± 1.65, and 1.98 ± 1.22 in patients with hypertension grade 1, 2, and 3, respectively ( p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study has demonstrated a noninvasive test for hepatic steatosis in patients with CHB.
Differences in the prognosis of early gastric cancer according to sex and age
Authors: Suh Do Dam , Oh Seong Tae , Yook Jeong Hwan , Kim Byung-Sik , Kim Beom Su 
Published: January 2017

Background: Few studies have compared early gastric cancer (EGC) outcomes according to sex and age. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 2085 patients who underwent curative gastrectomy for EGC between 1989 and 2000. Prognosis and risk factors for nodal involvement were evaluated according to sex and age. Results: Male sex and age were independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) but not relapse-free survival (RFS). In young (⩽55 years) patients, there were no significant differences in RFS and OS between men and women. However, older (>55 years) men had a poorer OS and older women had a poorer RFS. Young female patients had a higher proportion of gastric cancer-related death than young male patients. Female sex was an independent risk factor for nodal involvement in younger patients. Conclusions: Young women with EGC should be more intensively treated and monitored than other patient groups and should not be treated by endoscopic resection.
Interactions among COX-2, GPIIIa and P2Y1 variants are associated with aspirin responsiveness and adverse events in patients with ischemic stroke
Authors: Yi Xingyang , Han Zhao , Zhou Qiang , Lin Jing , Wang Chun 
Published: January 2017

Background: The effect of gene variants and their interactions on response to aspirin and clinical adverse outcomes after an acute ischemic stroke (IS) is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of aspirin-relevant gene variants and their interactions with clinical adverse outcomes in IS patients taking aspirin. Methods: A total of 14 variants from six genes encoding COX enzymes ( COX-1, COX-2), platelet membrane receptors ( TXAS1, P2Y1, P2Y12) and glycoprotein receptor (GPIIIa) were examined in 850 acute IS patients. Gene–gene interactions were analyzed using generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) analysis. All patients were followed up for 1 year after admission. Primary outcome was a composite of recurrent ischemic stroke (RIS), myocardial infarction (MI) and death. Results: The primary outcome occurred in 112 (13.5%) patients (81 RIS, 16 MI and 15 deaths). There were no significant differences in the frequencies of the genotypes of the 14 variants between the patients with and without primary outcome using single-locus analytical approach. However, there was significant gene–gene interaction among rs20417, rs1371097 and rs2317676. The high-risk interactive genotypes of rs20417, rs1371097 and rs2317676 were independently associated with primary adverse outcome of RIS, MI, and death after acute IS. Conclusion: The three-loci interactions are associated with sensitivity of IS patients to aspirin and aspirin-induced adverse clinical events. The combinatorial analysis used in this study may be helpful to elucidate complex genetic risk of aspirin resistance (AR). Clinical trial registration: The study described here is registered at http://www.chictr.org/ (unique identifier: ChiCTR-OCH-14004724).
RhoA regulates actin network dynamics during apical surface emergence in multiciliated epithelial cells
Authors: Sedzinski Jakub , Hannezo Edouard , Tu Fan , Biro Maté , Wallingford John B. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
Homeostatic replacement of epithelial cells from basal precursors is a multistep process involving progenitor cell specification, radial intercalation and, finally, apical surface emergence. Recent data demonstrate that actin-based pushing under the control of the formin protein Fmn1 drives apical emergence in nascent multiciliated epithelial cells (MCCs), but little else is known about this actin network or the control of Fmn1. Here, we explore the role of the small GTPase RhoA in MCC apical emergence. Disruption of RhoA function reduced the rate of apical surface expansion and decreased the final size of the apical domain. Analysis of cell shapes suggests that RhoA alters the balance of forces exerted on the MCC apical surface. Finally, quantitative time-lapse imaging and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching studies argue that RhoA works in concert with Fmn1 to control assembly of the specialized apical actin network in MCCs. These data provide new molecular insights into epithelial apical surface assembly and could also shed light on mechanisms of apical lumen formation.
Processes of believing: Where do they come from? What are they good for?
Authors: Seitz Rüdiger J. , Paloutzian Raymond F. , Angel Hans-Ferdinand 
Published: January 2017

Despite the long scholarly discourse in Western theology and philosophy on religion, spirituality, and faith, explanations of what a belief and what believing is are still lacking. Recently, cognitive neuroscience research addressed the human capacity of believing. We present evidence suggesting that believing is a human brain function which results in probabilistic representations with attributes of personal meaning and value and thereby guides individuals’ behavior. We propose that the same mental processes operating on narratives and rituals constitute belief systems in individuals and social groups. Our theoretical model of believing is suited to account for secular and non-secular belief formation.
Simulation-Based Optimization: Achieving Computational Efficiency Through the Use of Multiple Simulators
Authors: Osorio Carolina , Selvam Krishna Kumar 
Published: January 2017

Transportation agencies often resort to the use of traffic simulation models to evaluate the impacts of changes in network design or network operations. They often have multiple traffic simulation tools that cover the network area where changes are to be made. These multiple simulators may differ in their modeling assumptions (e.g., macroscopic versus microscopic), in their reliability (e.g., quality of their calibration), as well as in their modeling scale (e.g., city-scale versus regional-scale). The choice of which simulation model to rely on, let alone of how to combine their use, is intricate. A larger-scale model may, for instance, capture more accurately the local-global interactions; yet may do so at a greater computational cost. This paper proposes an optimization framework that enables multiple simulation models to be jointly and efficiently used to address continuous urban transportation optimization problems. We propose a simulation-based optimization algorithm that embeds information from both a high-accuracy low-efficiency simulator and a low-accuracy high-efficiency simulator. At every iteration, the algorithm decides which simulator to evaluate. This decision is based on an analytical approximation of the accuracy loss as a result of running the lower-accuracy model. We formulate an analytical expression that is based on a differentiable and computationally efficient to evaluate traffic assignment model. We evaluate the performance of the algorithm with a traffic signal control problem on both a small network and a city network. We show that the proposed algorithm identifies signal plans with excellent performance, and can do so at a significantly lower computational cost than when systematically running the high-accuracy simulator. The proposed methodology contributes to enable large-scale high-resolution traffic simulation models to be used efficiently for simulation-based optimization. More broadly, it enables the use of multiple simulation models that may differ, for instance, in their scale, their resolution, or their computational costs, to be used jointly for optimization.
Evaluation of the protective effect of Cinnamomum Zeylanicum on cadmium testicular toxicity and Nrf2 gene expression in albino rats
Authors: Ibrahim Samer , Y.Abo-Kora Seham 
Published: January 2017

Cadmium is an industrial pollutant that may exert specific toxic effect on mammals. The aim of study was to investigate the protective effect of Cinnamon on male reproductive system of albino rat induced by cadmium toxicity. Forty male albino rats were divided into 4 groups. 1st Â Group administrated saline and kept as control.2nd Group administrated 200mg/kg / day Cinnamon extract. 3rd Group administrated 20mg/kg/day cadmium chloride.4th Group administrated 200mg/kg/day Cinnamon extract and 20mg/kg/day cadmium chloride orally for 8 weeks. . Our results revealed significant decrease in testosterone hormone level, sperm viability, and significant increase in sperm abnormality. An increase in expression of Nrf2 gene was recorded. Pathological changes in testes showed focal degeneration with loss of spermatogenic series in the seminiferous tubules. All of the above mentioned results were significantly improved in 4th group. In conclusion, Cinnamon extract has a protective effect on the testicular damage induced by cadmium chloride.
El largo viaje: Los esquemas de coordinación de la educación superior chilena en perspectiva
Authors: Salazar Jose M. , Leihy Peodair S. 
Published: January 2017

Es más o menos evidente que la educación superior chilena presenta un alto nivel de “privatismo” (Brunner, 2009), que la sitúan entre las más privatizadas del mundo, en términos de quien paga por ella, quien se beneficia directamente de su acción y quien detenta el control de las universidades. No es tan clara, sin embargo, la contribución de la política pública a ese estado de cosas. El análisis sistemático de la acción estatal en el campo de la educación terciaria es todavía un ejercicio inconcluso en Chile, a pesar de la revolucionaria transformación que ella ha experimentado durante las últimas décadas. Este estudio ofrece nuevas posibilidades de análisis para la revisión del caso chileno. Apoyándose en las orientaciones metodológicas de Smelser (2013), produce un marco integrado que observa el progresivo cambio de las políticas a propósito de las interacciones que se plantean entre sus principales dimensiones (de acceso, financiamiento y calidad, entre otras). Sobre esa base, describe la trayectoria de dos regímenes de regulación sectorial que se van integrando progresivamente en tres etapas, primero por falta de mantención del marco regulatorio, luego por decisión de los gobiernos. En fin, constata que están dadas las condiciones para que la política sectorial entre en una nueva era, una en que el desarrollo de las universidades podría volver a depender fundamentalmente del estado.
Activation of Both CB1 and CB2 Endocannabinoid Receptors Is Critical for Masculinization of the Developing Medial Amygdala and Juvenile Social Play Behavior
Authors: Argue Kathryn J , VanRyzin Jonathan W , Falvo David J , Whitaker Allison R , Yu Stacey J , McCarthy Margaret M 
Published: January 2017

AbstractJuvenile social play behavior is a shared trait across a wide variety of mammalian species. When play is characterized by the frequency or duration of physical contact, males usually display more play relative to females. The endocannabinoid system contributes to the development of the sex difference in social play behavior in rats. Treating newborn pups with a nonspecific endocannabinoid agonist, WIN55,212-2, masculinizes subsequent juvenile rough-and-tumble play behavior by females. Here we use specific drugs to target signaling through either the CB1 or CB2 endocannabinoid receptor (CB1R or CB2R) to determine which modulates the development of sex differences in play. Our data reveal that signaling through both CB1R and CB2R must be altered neonatally to modify development of neural circuitry regulating sex differences in play. Neonatal co-agonism of CB1R and CB2R masculinized play by females, whereas co-antagonism of these receptors feminized rates of male play. Because of a known role for the medial amygdala in the sexual differentiation of play, we reconstructed Golgi-impregnated neurons in the juvenile medial amygdala and used factor analysis to identify morphological parameters that were sexually differentiated and responsive to dual agonism of CB1R and CB2R during the early postnatal period. Our results suggest that sex differences in the medial amygdala are modulated by the endocannabinoid system during early development. Sex differences in play behavior are loosely correlated with differences in neuronal morphology.
Ficciones académicas: imágenes de una institución en ruinas
Authors: Rodríguez Freire Raúl 
Published: January 2017

El presente texto ensaya una lectura de las transformaciones de la universidad moderna a partir de obras literarias, principalmente anglosajonas y, en menor grado, latinoamericanas, con énfasis en algunas novelas chilenas. Para ello, la noción de ficción operará como clave de lectura. Esto permite abarcar un corpus mayor que posibilita, luego de entregar algunos antecedentes históricos de la universidad, presentar a la ficción como lugar privilegiado para comprender el desplazamiento del saber en tanto eje articulador de la universidad moderna y su reemplazo por una institución basada en la flexibilidad y la precarización. Por último, se recurre nuevamente a la ficción literaria con el fin de mostrar, por una parte, su potencia para configurar un tipo de subjetividad a contrapelo de la impuesta por las necesidades del capital, y, por otra, resaltar el lugar privilegiado que la universidad tiene para fomentarla.
Confidence Bands for the Survival Function Using a Weibull Regression Model in Presence of Arbitrary Censoring
Authors: Jaramilo Elorza Mario César , Salazar Uribe Juan Carlos 
Published: January 2017

Usually, the exact time at which an event occurs cannot be observed for several reasons; for instance, it is not possible to constantly monitor a characteristic of interest. This generates a phenomenon known as censoring that can be classified as having a left censor, right censor or interval censor. When one is working with survival data in the presence of arbitrary censoring, the survival time of interest is defined as the elapsed time between an initial event and the next event that is generally unknown. This problem has been widely studied in the statistic literature and some progress has been made, toward resolving and the formulation of a bivariate likelihood to estimate parameters in a parametric regression model offers positive development opportunities. In this paper, we construct a bivariate likelihood for the Weibull regression model in the presence of interval censoring. Finally, its performance is illustrated by means of a simulation study.
Androgénreceptor mediálta folyamatok metasztatikus kasztrációrezisztens prosztatadaganatban
Authors: Küronya Zsófia , Bíró Krisztina , Gyergyay Fruzsina , Géczi Lajos 
Published: January 2017

Abstract: In the past six years, five new drugs have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer. While the disease itself still remains incurable, the sequential use of these drugs can significantly prolong survival while maintaining good quality of life. Research from the past decade made it clear that androgen receptor-mediated processes play a central part in the progression of the disease. Hormonal mechanisms related to androgen-receptors can remain active until late stages of the disease. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms has led to the introduction of new endocrine therapies, which resulted in a change of the nomenclature. The identification and remodelling of androgen receptor mutations that are responsible for primary and secondary resistance developing during the new therapies can pave the way to new and more efficient androgen receptor inhibitor treatments. The aim of the review is to present the pathophysiology of the androgen receptor signaling axis at the receptor level, to review FDA-approved drugs and to draw attention to the most promising developments in the treatment of this disease. Orv. Hetil., 2017, 158(2), 42–49.
A nyelv necrosisa mint az arteritis temporalis szokatlan manifesztációja
Authors: Sámson Zoltán , Gábor Beáta , Görög Petra , Tóth Csaba , Rőthy Ákos , Lőcsei Zoltán 
Published: January 2017

Abstract: Authors present a rare manifestation of the temporal arteritis, wich caused initial diagnostic difficulties, but it responded well for corticosteroid treatment. The features of the disease, pathogenesis, possible therapy are briefly summarized beside the description of clinical course. Orv. Hetil., 2017, 158(2), 77–80.