bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-essentialisme og receptionsforskning. Et forsvar for teksten
Authors: Fetveit Arild 
Published: March 2016

Hvad var årsagen til, at receptionsforskningen i 1980´erne kunne opnå
en så omfattende popularitet inden for medieforskningen? Arild Fetveit
argumenterer i artiklen for, at receptionsforskningens succes bunder i,
at den var i stand til at indkorporere tidens stærke anti-essentialistiske
strømninger inden for human- og samfundsvidenskaberne. Han argu-
menterer endvidere for, at et opgør med de relativistiske tendenser på
feltet kræver en nærmere drøftelse af de teoretiske problemer som
anti-essentialismen har bragt med sig. Han påbegynder hermed et teore-
tisk opgør med hvad han ser som overvurderingen af læserens frihed og
undermineringen af tekstbegrebet. Artiklen trækker på teoretikere som
Kant, Heidegger, Gadamer, Rorty, Eco og Fosh, og diskuterer de positi-
oner inden for medieforskningen, som er belvet fremført af Morley, Fiske,
Bruhn Jensen og Schrøder. Ved at gå Fish og Rorty på klingen når Arild
Fetveit frem til den overraskende pointe, at de anti-essentialistiske, kon-
struktivistiske positioner i virkeligheden er facade for en mere metafysisk
tekstopfattelse.
Turtelduer?: Medier, stat og politik i Central- og Østeuropa. Medieforandring i Central- og Østeuropa: Udvikling af en analysemodel
Authors: Jacubowicz Karol 
Published: March 2016

Den polske medieforsker, Karol Jakubowicz, tager os med på en rundtur
i de tidligere kommunistiske lande i Øst- og Centraleuropa. Hvordan går
det med pressefriheden og mediernes løsrivelse fra staten? spørger han.
Han opstiller følgende kriterier for frie medier: Differentiering, professiona-
lisering af journalister, demonopolisering, decentralisering og en grad af
demokratisering. Ifølge Jakubowicz er der en tæt sammenhæng mellem
de politiske og økonomiske reformer, et land har gennemgået, og medier-
nes frigørelsesproces. De tidligere kommunistiske lande grupperes efter,
hvilket stade medieudviklingen er nået til og de politiske og økonomiske
forhindringer for medieudviklingen opregnes. Den gennemgående tendens
i det østeuropæiske medielandskab er "italienske tilstande", dvs. udbredt
statslig kontrol med medierne, stærke partitilhørsforhold og integration
mellem medier og den politiske elite, konkluderer Jakubowicz. Artiklen
har før været publiceret i tidsskriftet Javnost/The Public.
Forskning i tegneserier
Authors: Christiansen Hans-Christian 
Published: March 2016

Der har altid eksisteret akademisk mistro over for massekultur. Som en
følge heraf har der været en tendens i forskningen til kun at betragte fel-
tets modtagereffekt eller indskrive fænomenet i pessimistiske kulturbe-
skrivelser: Den tidlige forskning i tegneserien har således i høj grad
været præget af opremsninger af negative effekter, og indtil 60'erne var
forskningsfeltet karakteriseret ved et meget begrænset analytisk per-
spektiv. I slutningen af 60'erne blev tegneserien imidlertid ”opdaget” af
litteraturteorien, der især betonede tegneseriens sociologiske og ideolo-
giske aspekter, og tillige blev tegneserien i 60'erne genstand for semio-
tisk funderet analyse i kølvandet på en voksende interesse for masse-
kultur. Med denne interesse for massekultur og en begyndende kulturel
institutionalisering af tegneserien i Frankrig og Belgien tegnede der sig
efterhånden konturerne af en tegneserieteori.
Methodologies for tracking learning paths: designing the online research study Making a Filmmaker
Authors: Frølunde Lisbeth , Gilje Øystein , Lindstrand Fredrik , Öhman-Gullberg Lisa 
Published: March 2016

The article concerns the design of a collaborative research project (2008-09) entitled Making a Filmmaker, which examines how young Scandinavian filmmakers create their own learning paths in formal and/or informal contexts. Our interest is in how learning experiences and contexts motivate the young filmmakers: what furthers their interest and/or hinders it, and what learning patterns emerge.
The aim of this article is to present and discuss issues regarding the methodology and methods of the study, such as developing a relationship with interviewees when conducting interviews online (using MSN). We suggest two considerations about using online interviews: how the interviewees value the given subject of conversation and their familiarity with being online. The benefit of getting online communication with the young filmmakers is the ease it offers, because it is both practical and appropriates a meeting platform that is familiar to our participants.
Oplevelsens Kvalitet. Om kvalitetskriterier i kunst og kulturindustri
Authors: Schrøder Kim 
Published: March 2016

De fleste af os har en helt klar fornemmelse for, hvad der er skidt
og kanel på kulturmarkedet, hvadenten det drejer sig om maleri,
musik, litteratur eller TV-fiktion.

Kim Schrøder plæderer i denne artikel for, at den øgede indsigt i
tekstoplevelser, som receptionsforskningen har skabt i de senere
år, må føre frem til en rehabilitering af "den folkelige smag" og til et
opgør med "den gode smags tyranni": med den herskende opfat-
telse af kulturel kvalitet, der ser bort fra oplevelseskvaliteten og
udelukkende baserer sin kvalitetsvurdering på værkets formelle
æstetiske træk.

Han rejser bl.a. det spørgsmål, om man ikke bliver nødt til at opgive
en almengyldig forestilling om, hvad kvalitet er, så både "godt" og
"dårligt" altid er godt og dårligt for nogen? - Men hvis man virkelig
accepterer, at "smag og behag er forskellig", må det få kulturpoliti-
ske konsekvenser, som artiklen til slut kommer ind på.
Tegnfunktioner og markedsføring
Authors: Kragh Simon Ulrik 
Published: March 2016

I sin indledning til bogen "Marketing and Semiotics. New Directions in
the Study of Signs for Sale" (anmeldt i dette nummer) fremfører Jean
Umiker-Sebeok, at markedsvidenskab og semiotik er "komplementære".

Simon Ulrik Kragh videreudvikler i sin artikel denne grundtanke: At
"semiotikken og erhvervsøkonomien kan udnytte hinandens indsigter
til at kompensere for egne svagheder". Begge parter vil derfor have
fordel af, at man "krydser de to traditioner i integrerede erhvervs-
økonomiske og semiotiske analyser".

Artiklens "markedssemiotik" udvider bl.a. de velkendte begreber om
denotation og konnotation til at omfatte ikke blot visuelle og verbale tegn,
men også forbrugernes oplevede produktbetydning. Herefter diskuteres
det, hvilken erhvervsøkonomisk effekt det har at anvende de forskellige
tegnfunktioner som handlingsparametre i markedsføringen.
Reklamen som pastiche. Om Dansk Sygeplejeråds annoncekampagne efteråret 1986
Authors: Agger Gunhild 
Published: March 2016

Der er flere og flere medieproducenter, der anser modtagerne for at
besidde en vis tekstuel intelligens. Fra detektivpasticher som Dick
Spanner og Batman over den konstant genreparodierende "Moon-
lighting" (De heldige helte) til Poul og Nulles respektløse faktion "I
sandhedens Tjeneste" leges der med betydningsdannelsen.
Seerne/læserne indbydes til selv at spille ping-pong med billeder
og tekst.

Gunhild Agger analyserer her denne tendens, sådan som den kom-
mer til udtryk inden for reklamen: Anker Jørgensen som James Bond,
og kondomer til Prinsessen på Ærten! Mest indgående beskæftiger
hun sig med Dansk Sygeplejeråds brug af myten om sygeplejersken
i en annoncekampagne op mod overenskomstforhandlingerne i 1987.

Gunhild Agger nøjes ikke med en indholdsanalyse af annoncerne, men
beskriver hele kampagnen: Dansk Sygeplejeråds hensigter med frem-
stødet, kampagnens lancering over for den tre-dobbelte målgruppe,
læsernes formodede reception, og kampagnens politiske og holdnings-
mæssige effekter.
Den mediepædagogiske udfordring
Authors: Bang Jørgen 
Published: March 2016

I denne korte artikel advarer Jørgen Bang mod, at undervisningen i medier
skal vende tilbage til den afstandtagende indholdskritik. Det sker bl.a. under
indtryk af Neil Postman´s danske udgave af "Amusing Ourselves to Death".

Hans synspunkt er, at receptionsforskningens spæde forsøg på at forstå
elevernes mediebrug bør fastholdes, hvis medieundervisningen skal have
nogen samfundsmæssig funktion.
En lytterkomposition over mødet med musik i DR
Authors: Lønstrup Ansa 
Published: March 2016

Musikken i radioen handler også om lyttere. Hvor den foregående artikel af
Lars Ole Bonde havde sit udgangspunkt i musikproduktionen og dens vilkår
i DR, beskæftiger Ansa Lønstrup sig med musikken, når den forlader højt-
taleren. Artiklen handler ikke om musiklytning i arter og kvantiteter, men om
de oplevelsesformer og -muligheder, som musikken i radioen tilbyder for den
ikke-gennemsnitlige lytter.
Krig på kniven eller på kvaliteten - den danske TV-dokumentarisme i konkurrencealderen
Authors: Fritze Helle , Olsen Mimi 
Published: March 2016

I 90´ernes faktaformidling er TV-dokumentarismen et væsentligt omdrej-
ningspunkt - da genren på både TV2 og DR med flagskibe som
Fak2'eren, Reportageholdet, Søndagsdokumentaren, DR-Feature og
DR-Dokumentar er genstand for en udpræget satsning, og desuden,
direkte eller indirekte udtrykt, opfattes som eksempel til efterfølgelse for
en faktaformidling på den halvkommercielle mediestrukturs betingelser.
Således udgør genren med sin særlige institutionelle rolle et væsentligt
spor til konkurrencealderens omdefinerede public service-begreb, og
den kan derfor også være med til at pejle faktaformidlingens fremtidige
udvikling.
Dansk børnefjernsyn? - JA TAK
Authors: Sørensen Birgitte Holm , Tufte Birgitte 
Published: March 2016

Det var med spænding, at børn og forældre i 1988 imødeså TV2. Ville
der med denne nye kanal komme spændende børne- og ungdoms-
programmer, produceret af de mange unge producenter, som - med
tillid til entreprisemodellen - stod klar i kulissen?
En sammenligning mellem børne-TV på DR og TV2 viser, at TV2 ikke
har levet op til forventningerne. Tværtimod. TV2 tager ikke reelt bør-
nene alvorligt og medtænker kun i ringe omfang børns udviklingstrin
og erfaringer. Det gør derimod DR. Såvel kvantitativt som kvalitativt
er der forskel mellem programfladen for børn og unge på de to kana-
ler, men - set i lyset af udviklingen af børnefjernsyn på de internatio-
nale kanaler, produceret over laveste kommercielle fællesnævners
læst - må man sætte sin lid til dansk børne- og ungdomstv, som det
ser ud i dag på DR, og som det KUNNE se ud på TV2.
Comparing source inversion techniques for GPS‐based local tsunami forecasting: A case study for the April 2014 M8.1 Iquique, Chile, earthquake
Authors: Chen Kejie , Babeyko Andrey , Hoechner Andreas , Ge Maorong 
Published: March 2016

AbstractReal‐time GPS is nowadays considered as a valuable component of next generation near‐field tsunami early warning systems able to provide fast and reliable source parameters. Looking for optimal methodologies and assessing corresponding uncertainties becomes an important task. We take the opportunity and consider the 2014 Pisagua event as a case study to explore tsunami forecast uncertainty related to the GPS‐based source inversion. We intentionally neglect all other sources of uncertainty (observation set, signal processing, wave simulation, etc.) and exclusively assess the effect of inversion technique. In particular, we compare three end‐member methods: (1) point‐source fastCMT (centroid moment tensor), (2) distributed slip along predefined plate interface, and (3) unconstrained inversion into a single uniform slip finite fault. The three methods provide significantly different far‐field tsunami forecast but show surprisingly similar tsunami predictions in the near field.
Effect of climate change on surface ozone over North America, Europe, and East Asia
Authors: Schnell Jordan L. , Prather Michael J. , Josse Beatrice , Naik Vaishali , Horowitz Larry W. , Zeng Guang , Shindell Drew T. , Faluvegi Greg 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe effect of future climate change on surface ozone over North America, Europe, and East Asia is evaluated using present‐day (2000s) and future (2100s) hourly surface ozone simulated by four global models. Future climate follows RCP8.5, while methane and anthropogenic ozone precursors are fixed at year 2000 levels. Climate change shifts the seasonal surface ozone peak to earlier in the year and increases the amplitude of the annual cycle. Increases in mean summertime and high‐percentile ozone are generally found in polluted environments, while decreases are found in clean environments. We propose that climate change augments the efficiency of precursor emissions to generate surface ozone in polluted regions, thus reducing precursor export to neighboring downwind locations. Even with constant biogenic emissions, climate change causes the largest ozone increases at high percentiles. In most cases, air quality extreme episodes become larger and contain higher ozone levels relative to the rest of the distribution.
Long‐term variability of surface nutrient concentrations in the North Pacific
Authors: Yasunaka S. , Ono T. , Nojiri Y. , Whitney F. A. , Wada C. , Murata A. , Nakaoka S. , Hosoda S. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe present the spatial distributions and temporal changes of the long‐term variability of surface nutrient concentrations in the North Pacific by using nutrient samples collected by volunteer ships and research vessels from 1961 to 2012. Nutrient samples are optimally interpolated onto 1° × 1° monthly grid boxes. When the Pacific Decadal Oscillation is in its positive phase, nutrient concentrations in the western North Pacific are significantly higher than the climatological means, and those in the eastern North Pacific are significantly lower. When the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation is in its positive phase, nutrient concentrations in the subarctic are significantly higher than the climatological means. The trends of phosphate and silicate averaged over the North Pacific are −0.012 ± 0.005 µmol l−1 decade−1 and −0.38 ± 0.13 µmol l−1 decade−1, whereas the nitrate trend is not significant (0.01 ± 0.13 µmol l−1 decade−1).
Bride Capture
Authors: Hanh Nguyen Thi Van 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Bride capture is a form of forced marriage in which the bride is kidnapped by the groom, sometimes voluntarily but often involuntarily on the part of the bride. This way of marriage has a long history and is still practiced in many areas throughout the world. Bride capture is considered a cultural tradition and, though illegal, it is socially accepted. For its grave violation of human rights, resulting in irreparable psychological and physical damage to women's health, bride capture may be considered as marriage in form but as trafficking in content.
Bicultural Families
Authors: Noam Kris R. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Most children who have parents with different backgrounds grow up in a household with two cultures. Households can be bicultural based on race, ethnicity, religion, or nationality. These are cultural markers that define individuals' sense of self and how they see ourselves vis‐à‐vis the other. This entry presents a short overview of bicultural families. The advantages and disadvantages for children growing up in bicultural families are discussed. Last, it outlines three strategies that parents from different cultural backgrounds can adopt when socializing their children: transmitting one culture, transmitting both cultures simultaneously, or merging both cultures into a new family culture.
Attachment Theory
Authors: Özen Ayça , Uz Irem 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Attachment theory is an influential theory about how early interactions with caregivers can shape working models of the self and others. Infants whose caregivers are responsive to their needs form secure attachments and see themselves and others as valuable and trustable. Infants whose caregivers behave inconsistently and/or are unresponsive to their needs form insecure attachments. The general attachment style formed early in life has a profound influence on subsequent relationships later in life, although experiences with other attachment figures during an individual's lifetime may modify the attachment style.
Abortion,
US
Attitudes to
Authors: Ashley Jessica L. , Brown Kristina S. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The question of whether or not a woman should be able to voluntarily terminate a pregnancy has been hotly debated for decades. In the United States, most individuals have an opinion about the morality and/or legality of the abortion act, and a majority of people indicate the issue is important to them. Attitudes range from the belief that abortion should be available to all women for any reason to the belief that abortion is equivalent to murder and therefore illegal and immoral. The basis of abortion attitudes is typically complicated, involving questions of gender roles, theology, and sexual morality.
Adjustment to Divorce (Spouses)
Authors: Shah Tamanna 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Divorce is the legal termination of a marriage, and slightly less than half of all first marriages end in divorce in the United States. Because divorce is replete with losses resulting from multiple changes in family life, adjustment to divorce can be challenging and occurs in both public and private domains. For the many divorced spouses who are also parents, adjustment can be even more challenging. A number of factors affect adjustment, including individual characteristics such as age and employment and relational characteristics such as connections with others. However, most divorced persons go on to have positive lives, including those with children and the children themselves.
Attachment Styles
Authors: Bartholomew Mitchell , Schoppe‐Sullivan Sarah 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
According to Bowlby–Ainsworth attachment theory, human infants are born with a biological predisposition to form long‐lasting attachments to specific individuals. When caregivers respond to their infant's needs in a prompt and appropriate manner, the child develops a secure working model or style of attachment that he/she carries with him/her throughout the life span. Adults with secure attachment styles are comfortable with interdependence and experience high‐quality romantic relationships, whereas adults with insecure attachment styles engage in behaviors that thwart successful romantic relationships. Just as adult attachment styles appear to affect functioning in romantic relationships, they may also contribute to the perpetuation of attachment patterns across generations via their associations with parenting and parent–child interaction.
Blended Families
Authors: Nixon Elizabeth , Hadfield Kristin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBlended families, a term frequently used as a synonym for stepfamilies, are families that are formed when a biological parent cohabits with or marries a partner who is not the biological parent of his/her child. Blended families may face considerable challenges as new relationships are forged and roles and expectations are negotiated. Research has primarily focused on the adjustment of children in blended families, the parenting roles of stepparents, and the quality of marital, parent–child, and sibling relationships within these families. Quality of family relationships and the role adopted by stepparents are important influences on successful adaptation to living in a blended family.
Abortion, Laws, in the
U
nited
S
tates
Authors: Egner Justine E. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

An abortion is a procedure to end a pregnancy. Abortion is medical or surgical and removes the embryo or fetus and the placenta from the uterus. Abortion law in the United States has drastically changed since the mid‐twentieth century. Supreme Court rulings have propelled controversy and new laws with states frequently instating new statutes. This entry examines the political climate and Supreme Court decisions of cases leading up to
Roe v. Wade
, as well as the
Roe v. Wade
and post‐
Roe v. Wade
cases and consequently the states' responses in the forms of laws on abortion.
Africa, Aging and Families in
Authors: Ibukun Akinyemi Akanni , Ibinaiye Taiwo , Togonu‐Bickersteth Funmi 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPopulation aging is a global demographic phenomenon with cross‐cutting implications on other sectorial indices including health, the labor force, finance, and family. The proportion of people over aged 65 years around the globe was 10 percent in 2012 and is projected to reach 22 percent by 2050. It is projected that in 2040 more than one in every four Europeans will be at least 65 years of age and one in every seven will be at least 75 years of age. Many poor countries in Africa and Asia will also have an upsurge in the proportion of people aged 65 years and above. This will have significant impact on the family in terms of support and economic challenges. With competing forces and challenges for the family, there is cloud of uncertainty regarding the functional capacity of the family to cater for the elderly.
A
sian
A
merican Families
Authors: Shih Kristy Y. , Kang Hyeyoung 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Asian Americans are one of the fastest growing and most ethnically diverse minority groups in the United States. They consist of approximately 30 ethnic subgroups originating from various Asian countries. Despite the diversity and growing number of Asian individuals in the United States, our knowledge of Asian American family life is incomplete, as much of the literature is in its infancy. Research on Asian American families tends to draw on cultural, rather than structural or critical, perspectives to explain family relationships and functioning. However, research has begun to identify both cultural and immigration‐related factors as well as diversity within and across groups. This entry discusses research on parenting and parent–child relationships, intergenerational relationships and elder care, gender and marital/power relationships, and racialized gender identities within Asian American families. It draws on literature from various ethnic groups within the broadly defined racial category of Asian Americans, when available.
B
aha'i Faith and Families
Authors: Black Carol F. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

The Baha'i Faith community is a global religious community, with Baha'is residing in 116,000 different localities in 188 countries and 45 dependent territories. The faith is reported in the
Encyclopaedia Britannica
as the second most globally widespread independent religion in the world. Members of Baha'i families share a commitment to the equality of men and women, preservation of the institution of marriage as a physical and spiritual union of a man and a woman, and the spiritual and moral education of all children. Parental consent is needed before marriage but this is not the same as arranged marriage. Consultation in all matters is regarded as the highest form of communication, children are to respect their parents, and abuse of any form is expressly condemned. Divorce is allowed but strongly discouraged, and a year of waiting is required before divorce becomes final.
ABC
‐
X
Model of Family Stress and Coping
Authors: Rosino Michael 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The ABC‐X model is used for analyzing stress and coping within families. The model consists of (A) the stressor event, (B) the resources available to a family, (C) the family's perceptions of the stressor, and (X) the likelihood of crisis. Variables B and C determine whether the stressor event (A) results in crisis. The ABC‐X model has been refined through the inclusion of additional factors such as a family's social context and further developed into the double ABC‐X model by subsequent research. The double ABC‐X model addresses postcrisis coping processes that determine whether a family can adapt to a crisis. It includes (aA) the pileup of additional stressors and the original crisis; (bB) existing resources and resources developed in order to meet the crisis; (cC) a family's perceptions of the crisis, additional stressors, and its available resources; and (xX) the likelihood of adaptation to crisis. The ABC‐X and double ABC‐X models are influential in family research and counseling.