bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Clinical Epidemiology and 30-Day Outcomes of Emergency Department Patients With Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Scheuermeyer Frank Xavier , Grafstein Eric , Rowe Brian , Cheyne Jay , Grunau Brian , Bradford Aaron , Levin Adeera 
Published: April 2017

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with increased mortality and dialysis in hospitalized patients but has been little explored in the emergency department (ED) setting. Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the risk factors, prevalence, management, and outcomes in the ED population, and to identify the proportion of AKI patients who were discharged home with no renal-specific follow-up. Design: This is a retrospective cohort study using administrative and laboratory databases. Setting: Two urban EDs in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Patients: We included all unique ED patients over a 1-week period. Methods: All patients had their described demographics, comorbidities, medications, laboratory values, and ED treatments collected. AKI was defined pragmatically, based upon accepted guidelines. The cohort was then probabilistically linked to the provincial renal database to ascertain renal replacement (transplant or dialysis) and the provincial vital statistics database to obtain mortality. The primary outcome was the prevalence of AKI; secondary outcomes included (1) the proportion of AKI patients who were discharged home with no renal-specific follow-up and (2) the combined 30-day rate of death or renal replacement among AKI patients. Results: There were 1651 ED unique patients, and 840 had at least one serum creatinine (SCr) obtained. Overall, 90 patients had AKI (10.7% of ED patients with at least one SCr, 95% confidence interval [CI], 8.7%-13.1%; 5.5% of all ED patients, 95% CI, 4.4%-6.7%) with a median age of 74 and 70% male. Of the 31 (34.4%) AKI patients discharged home, 4 (12.9%) had renal-specific follow-up arranged in the ED. Among the 90 AKI patients, 11 died and none required renal replacement at 30 days, for a combined outcome of 12.2% (95% CI, 6.5%-21.2%). Limitations: Sample sizes may be small. Nearly half of ED patients did not obtain an SCr. Many patients did not have sequential SCr testing, and a modified definition of AKI was used.
The Georgia Higher Education Consortium: A Model for Linking Early Intervention Faculty
Authors: Gallagher Peggy A. , Mccormick Katherine , Vail Cynthia O. , Malone D. Michael 
Published: April 2017

The adequate and timely preparation of personnel to provide mandated family-centered services to young children with disabilities and their families is an important challenge to those working in the field of Early Intervention (EI) under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). This challenge is particularly critical to those working in rural states where medical and professional expertise may be concentrated in limited areas of the state. This paper provides a description of a model for and evaluation of a Higher Education Consortium (HEC) in EI. The HECs purpose is to stimulate the growth and development of pre-service training in early intervention across multiple disciplines and universities throughout a largely rural state. A two-factor evaluation plan used both quantitative and qualitative data. The authors used two survey instruments to gather quantitative data, while a focus group provided participants an opportunity to intensely reflect and comment on the HEC and its progress and outcomes. HEC faculty members from across the state reported benefits from participation in the HEC. These included development and implementation of coursework in EI, development of interdisciplinary collaborative relationships, and an increased knowledge of state resources. Faculty respondents reported that their participation in the HEC was associated with enhanced knowledge relative to early intervention content, children with disabilities, best practice in early intervention, and best practice in personnel training. HEC members identified parent involvement in personnel preparation as a priority for future HEC efforts.
The Foundry: New (Rural) Perspectives on an Old Idea
Authors: Ludlow Barbara L. , Keramidas Cathy Galyon , Kossar Kalie 
Published: April 2017

Joel Garreau, in his 1981 book The Nine Nations of North America, outlines nine areas of “power and influence” with distinctive values and prospects that crossed political boundaries. His conceptualization of these economic and cultural regions of the continent reflected the modern era of industrialization and the rise of large cities that began after the Civil War and lasted for over 100 years. After 10 years, James Patterson and Peter Kim (1991) wrote The Day America Told the Truth, which identified further divisions shaped by the depletion of natural resources, the loss of manufacturing jobs to developing countries, the rise of the financial and service sectors of the economy, and the exodus of families from the cities to the suburbs. More than a decade later, Thomas Friedman, in his controversial book The World is Flat, suggested that further changes are being shaped by the twin forces of information technology and economic globalization at the dawn of the 21st century. For many years, the attention of policymakers, researchers, professionals, and the public as whole has been focused on the problems and possibilities of urban areas in the United States. Rural education leaders have decried the lack of rural-friendly policies, the dearth of rural research, and the ignorance about rural issues (Beeson & Strange, 2003; Sherwood, 2001). Today, however, there is growing interest in the challenges and opportunities faced by rural America, as evidenced by the creation of a bi-partisan group of representatives from the U. S. Senate and House known as the Rural Caucus, the implementation of the Rural Education Achievement Program (REAP), and the new study by the U. S. Department of Education's Institute of Education Science titled Status of Education in Rural America, published in Summer 2007. As part of this topical issue on the meaning of rural and its implications for rural education in today's world, this article examines the area Garreau characterized as “the Foundry” from a rural perspective.
An accelerated education program for speech-language clinicians for serving rural and remote schools
Authors: Dopheide Bill , Ellis Lee , Duncan Richard 
Published: April 2017

A descriptive evaluation of a three-year accelerated graduate education program to improve the supply and continuity of persons providing language, speech and hearing services to children in rural schools was presented. The program was sponsored jointly by a university, a state department of education, and the federal government. Enrolling persons with academic preparation in other disciplines, this study-work-study program proposed to assist the participants earn in three years a master's degree as well as two years of professional experience as speech-language clinicians in schools. The process of recruitment, academic preparation, practicum supervision, and consultative support are described and evaluated. Evaluation of the performance and achievement of the participants is described. Strengths, weaknesses, and suggested improvements of the project are offered.
Rural aide model: A method for serving the rural student with handicaps
Authors: Peters Joyce M. 
Published: April 2017

The challenge of appropriately serving children with handicaps who reside in rural areas is being answered in part by a rural aide training model developed by staff at Teaching Research in Monmouth, Oregon. The Rural Aide Model was designed to serve Oregon's developmentally disabled population, and uses an aide or paraprofessional who is trained in the components of the Teaching Research Data-Based Classroom Model. The approach involves supervision of the rural aide by a certified teacher in the school in whose classroom the student with handicaps and his rural aide work. Personnel interested in implementing this approach are trained in a five-day session accompanied by two follow-up visits to the aide's own work site. Training involves hands-on practica along with lecture and seminar sessions. Training is provided which assists the rural aide in assessment procedures, program planning and evaluation of student progress. Behavior modification techniques are woven throughout the instructional model.
Integrating technology into a student's IEP
Authors: Bragman Ruth 
Published: April 2017

Advanced technologies can play a critical role in supporting the appropriate placement of handicapped students in the least restrictive environment. It is critical for educators and parents to be knowledgeable about advances in technology and resultant applications for persons with disabilities. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate a conceptual model which uses technology to ensure the student's placement in the least restrictive environment, and to maximize handicapped student potential. This model is an interactive process. In essence, one must utilize knowledge of the types of technology available while simultaneously considering all components of the student's individualized educational program.
Rural regular and special education teachers’ perceptions of teaching hyperactive students
Authors: Peterson Dan , Maddux Cleborne D. 
Published: April 2017

This article explores the perceptions of teachers in rural settings concerning the teaching of hyperactive students. Regular and special educators (N=101) identified minimizing distractions, providing clear expectations and rules, and the use of time-out techniques as the most successful strategies for teaching such students. Although both regular and special education teachers believe that the skills of teaching and managing hyperactive students are important, regular teachers were critical of the emphasis given these skills during their training. The teachers rated the advice they received from peers as the most useful, while advice from school psychologists, principals, parents, and school counselors were rated as least helpful. The results suggest the potential value of peer problem-solving committees, peer consultant models, and more effective preservice and inservice preparation in the area of hyperactivity.
Rural Preservice Teacher Preparation Using Two-Way Interactive Television
Authors: Egan M. Winston , Mccleary Iva Dene , Sebastian Joan P. , Lacy Helen 
Published: April 2017

The impact of a two-way interactive television course for rural remote teacher preparation was evaluated using a variety of measures. Areas of primary importance reported in this paper are: ▪ How did learner outcomes of rural remote students compare to on-campus students participating in the same class? ▪ What were the perceptions of rural remote students regarding instructional quality of two-way interactive television? ▪ What were the perceptions of rural remote students regarding technology? Learner outcomes for on-campus and rural remote students were equivalent. Ratings regarding the quality of instruction and technology were above average except for provision of feedback to distance learners.
Occupational Stress Levels among Rural Teachers in the Areas of Mental Retardation, Learning Disabilities, and Emotional Conflict
Authors: Russell Tommy , Wiley Susan 
Published: April 2017

The purpose of the study was to compare occupational stress levels of rural educators in the areas of mental retardation, learning disabilities, and emotional conflict. Occupational stress levels were measured by the Teacher Stress Inventory (Fimian, 1985), which was developed and validated for teachers of exceptional children. The sample consisted of 154 randomly selected and specifically selected rural special educators in the 21 rural counties with set defined parameters of a population of 50,000 or less. The Teacher Stress Inventory was designed to assess stress levels of special educators. Subscales of the Teacher Stress Inventory were personal/professional stressors, professional distress, discipline/motivation, emotional manifestations, biobehavloral manifestations, physiological/fatigue manifestations, and time management. The data were analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance and the multivariate analysis of variance procedures. No significant differences were evident between mean stress scores and mean subscale scores of the three Identified groups.
Planning Transition to Employment in Rural Areas for Students with Disablities: Start with a Good Local Fit
Authors: Coombe Edmund 
Published: April 2017

During the past decade programs for transitioning students with disabilities to employment have been started throughout the country. Many of these programs, including those in rural areas, have not really met the needs of the students or the community. Part of the reason for the lack of success of these programs can be traced to inadequate initial planning. The responsibility for good transition program planning in rural areas typically must fall to the local special education supervisor. This paper addresses some of the problems unique to rural transition program planning and offers some specific and general planning procedures which may be helpful to the supervisor.
Morality and the Ethic of Care: Peaceable Rural Schools, Caring Rural Communities
Authors: Thurston Linda P. , Berkeley Terry R. 
Published: April 2017

There is violence and a loss of personal safety in rural schools as there is in urban and suburban schools. The impact is felt by children, teachers, support staff, administrators, and citizens in the communities in which those schools are located. These tensions are as widespread as are the great differences and increased diversity of America's rural communities. In this article, these concerns are discussed. Solutions are presented with violence and the loss of personal safety being highlighted as resolvable problems via a consideration of all members of the community moving to an ethic of caring, living in communities characterized as caring, thus, attending peaceable schools. Morality and the Ethic of Care: Peaceable Rural Schools, Caring Rural Communities “To educate a person in mind but not in morals is a menace to society.” T. Roosevelt “A question a'int really a question if you know the answer too.” J. Prine “The best thing for disturbances of the spirit…is to learn.” T.H. White Recently on National Public Radio's “Morning Edition” it was reported in Butte, Montana, the Superintendent of Schools now has the principals in the district hold regular safety drills for her students, teachers, aides, and other staff in light of the recent spate of publicized attacks of violence taking place in American schools, especially those taking place in Rural Schools.
Vaginal McCall culdoplasty versus laparoscopic uterosacral plication to prophylactically address vaginal vault prolapse
Authors: Niblock Kathy , Bailie Emily , McCracken Geoff , Johnston Keith 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Background
Studies have shown that vaginal vault prolapse can affect up to 43% of women following hysterectomy for pelvic organ prolapse. Many techniques have been described to prevent and treat vaginal vault prolapse. The primary objective of our study was to compare McCall’s culdoplasty (when performed along side vaginal hysterectomy) with laparoscopic uterosacral plication (when performed along side total laparoscopic hysterectomy) for prevention of vaginal vault prolapse. Secondary outcomes included inpatient stay and perioperative complications.
A retrospective comparison study comparing 73 patients who underwent ‘laparoscopic hysterectomy and uterosacral plication’ against 70 patients who underwent ‘vaginal hysterectomy and McCall culdoplasty’. All operations were carried out by two trained surgeons.

Results
There was no significant difference between BMI or parity. There were statistically significantly more patients presenting with post hysterectomy vault prolapse (PHVP) in the group of patients who had undergone uterosacral plication (12 out of 73) compared with McCalls culdoplasty (0 out of 70) P = 0.000394. Inpatient stay in the uterosacral plication group was significantly shorter mean 1.8 compared to 3.6 for McCall group (P-Value is <0.00001). There was no significance in the perioperative complications between both groups (P = 0.41).

Conclusions
McCalls is a superior operation to prevent PHVP compared to uterosacral plication with no difference in terms of perioperative complications.
Thermodynamics in cancers: opposing interactions between PPAR gamma and the canonical WNT/beta‐catenin pathway
Authors: Lecarpentier Yves , Claes Victor , Vallée Alexandre , Hébert Jean‐Louis 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCancer cells are the site of numerous metabolic and thermodynamic abnormalities. We focus this review on the interactions between the canonical WNT/beta‐catenin pathway and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) in cancers and their implications from an energetic and metabolic point of view. In numerous tissues, PPAR gamma activation induces inhibition of beta‐catenin pathway, while the activation of the canonical WNT/beta‐catenin pathway inactivates PPAR gamma. In most cancers but not all, PPAR gamma is downregulated while the WNT/beta‐catenin pathway is upregulated. In cancer cells, upregulation of the WNT/beta‐catenin signaling induces dramatic changes in key metabolic enzymes that modify their thermodynamic behavior. This leads to activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase1 (PDK‐1) and monocarboxylate lactate transporter. Consequently, phosphorylation of PDK‐1 inhibits the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH). Thus, a large part of pyruvate cannot be converted into acetyl‐coenzyme A (acetyl‐CoA) in mitochondria and only a part of acetyl‐CoA can enter the tricarboxylic acid cycle. This leads to aerobic glycolysis in spite of the availability of oxygen. This phenomenon is referred to as the Warburg effect. Cytoplasmic pyruvate is converted into lactate. The WNT/beta‐catenin pathway induces the transcription of genes involved in cell proliferation, i.e., MYC and CYCLIN D1. This ultimately promotes the nucleotide, protein and lipid synthesis necessary for cell growth and multiplication. In cancer, activation of the PI3K‐AKT pathway induces an increase of the aerobic glycolysis. Moreover, prostaglandin E2 by activating the canonical WNT pathway plays also a role in cancer. In addition in many cancer cells, PPAR gamma is downregulated. Moreover, PPAR gamma contributes to regulate some key circadian genes. In cancers, abnormalities in the regulation of circadian rhythms (CRs) are observed. CRs are dissipative structures which play a key‐role in far‐from‐equilibrium thermodynamics. In cancers, metabolism, thermodynamics and CRs are intimately interrelated.
Epidemiology of burn injuries in Nepal: a systemic review
Authors: Tripathee Sanjib , Basnet Surendra Jung 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Burn is a global public health problem associated with significant morbidity and mortality, mostly in low- and middle-income countries. Southeast-Asian countries share a big burden of burn injuries, and Nepal is not an exception. We performed a systemic review to examine the epidemiological characteristics of burn injures in Nepal. Relevant epidemiological studies were identified through systemic search in PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. Reference lists from relevant review articles were also searched. Studies were included if they meet our selection criteria. Eight studies were included in our systemic review. Most of the burn victims belong to the working age group between 15–60 years old. Flame burns were found to be the most common cause of burn injury followed by scald burns, whereas scald burns were the most common cause of burn injury among the pediatric population. Most patients sustained less severe burn injuries, with home being the most common place of burn injury. The average hospital stay among the burn victims ranged from 13 to 60 days. Mortality among the burn victims ranged from 4.5 to 23.5%, with highest mortality among the flame burn patients. Developed nations have significantly reduced the burn incidence through effective intervention program. Although, burn injuries are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Nepal, effective intervention programs are lacking due to the limited epidemiological data related to burn injuries. Further large scale research is imperative to investigate the problem and assess the effectiveness of an intervention program.
Seismic expression and geomorphology of igneous bodies: A Taranaki Basin, New Zealand, case study
Authors: Infante-Paez Lennon , Marfurt Kurt J. 
Published: April 2017

Very little research has been done on volcanic rocks by the oil industry due to the misconception that these rocks cannot be “good reservoirs.” However, in the past two decades, significant quantities of hydrocarbons have been produced from volcanic rocks in China, New Zealand, and Argentina. In frontier basins, volcanic piles are sometimes misinterpreted to be hydrocarbon anomalies and/or carbonate buildups. Unlike clastic and carbonate systems, the 3D seismic geomorphology of igneous systems is only partially documented. We have integrated 3D seismic data, well logs, well reports, core data, and clustering techniques such as self-organizing maps to map two distinct facies (pyroclastic and lava flows), within a Miocene submarine volcano in the Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. Three wells; Kora-1–3 drilled the pyroclastic facies within the volcano encountering evidence of a petroleum system, whereas the Kora-4 well drilled the lava-flow facies, which was barren of hydrocarbons. By integrating results from geochemistry and basin modeling reports prepared for Crown Mineral, New Zealand, we concluded that the reason that Kora-4 was dry was due to a lack of source charge — not to the absence of reservoir quality. Moreover, the Kora-1 well drilled a thick sequence (>[Formula: see text]) of pyroclastic flows in this submarine volcano by chance and found high peaks of gas in the mudlogs near the top 25 m of this sequence. A long-term test in this upper volcanic section resulted in 32 API oil flow of 668 barrels of oil per day for 254 h — a result that challenges the misconception that volcanic rocks cannot be good reservoirs.