bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Patient Satisfaction with Removable Denture Renewal: A Pilot Study
Authors: Krausch‐Hofmann Stefanie , Cuypers Line , Ivanova Anna , Duyck Joke 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPurposeConventional removable dentures still play an important role in the treatment of lost teeth. A thorough understanding of the parameters that influence patient satisfaction is useful for deciding whether denture replacement is meaningful. From a clinical perspective, factors that can be measured before starting treatment are relevant. This pilot study investigated whether patient satisfaction after denture renewal was affected by aspects related to the old prostheses, type of jaw, and patient motivation for denture renewal.Materials and MethodsFifty subjects (mean age 68.2 ± 8.4) were provided with 74 removable dentures (partial n = 20, complete n = 54). Satisfaction was assessed before treatment and 3 months after new prosthesis insertion. Total satisfaction 3‐month post‐insertion (TSP3) merged 6 individual satisfaction items measured after treatment. Change of total satisfaction 3‐month post‐insertion (CTS3) represented the difference of total satisfaction when old and new prostheses were compared. The effect of the following independent variables was investigated: reason patients requested new dentures (fit, esthetics, broken denture, wear, advice of dentist, extractions), satisfaction with the old prosthesis (general, retention, stability, comfort, pronunciation, chewing, esthetics), and technical quality of the old prostheses as assessed by a dentist (stability, retention, fit, border, wear, esthetics). Gender, age, and a cognitive screening test were included as confounding variables. Mann‐Whitney‐U tests and linear mixed model analysis were performed.ResultsAll individual satisfaction items significantly improved with new prostheses for maxillary and mandibular jaws. TSP3 was higher for maxillary prostheses, if retention satisfaction with the old prosthesis was good, and if the dentist assessed the esthetics of the old prosthesis as deficient. CTS3 was associated with male gender, dissatisfaction with chewing before treatment, and dissatisfaction with esthetics before treatment.ConclusionsThis pilot study showed that satisfaction 3 months after new denture insertion was associated with aspects of satisfaction and quality related to the old prosthesis, type of jaw, and gender. These factors may help dentists predict therapeutic benefits when deciding on the need for denture replacement. Further research should be done with a greater number of subjects and should include balanced quantities of the different types of dentures.
The Effect of Cleaning Solutions on a Denture Base Material: Elimination of Candida albicans and Alteration of Physical Properties
Authors: Kurt Aysegul , Erkose‐Genc Gonca , Uzun Meltem , Sarı Tuğrul , Isik‐Ozkol Gulbahar 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the antimicrobial efficiency of three cleaning solutions and their effect on the physical properties of a denture base material.Materials and MethodsA heat‐cured polymethyl‐methacrylate (PMMA) denture base material (Meliodent) and three cleaning solutions (alkaline‐peroxide, 30 minutes; 1% sodium‐hypochlorite, 10 minutes; and 0.1% polymeric‐guanidine solution, 5 minutes) were used. For antifungal activity test, 40 disc‐shaped specimens were fabricated and allocated into a control group (distilled water) and 3 experimental groups (n = 10) according to the cleaning solutions. Antifungal activity against Candida albicans (ATCC 2091) was assessed with colony‐forming units. An additional 40 rectangular plate specimens were fabricated for mechanical tests. Ten specimens were kept intact to be used as the control group for flexural strength test. The remaining 30 specimens were distributed into three groups according to the cleaning solutions. The surface roughness and Vickers hardness of the specimens were consecutively measured after 48 hours of water storage at 37 ± 2°C (t0), two disinfection cycles (t1), and 7 days of storage (t2) in one of the solutions. Finally, all 40 rectangular specimens were subjected to flexural strength test. Data were analyzed with Kruskal‐Wallis test for antifungal activity, ANOVA for flexural strength test, and analysis of covariance for surface roughness and hardness tests. Significance was set at 0.05.ResultsThe antifungal activities of polymeric guanidine and sodium hypochlorite were comparable to each other and significantly higher than alkaline peroxide (p < 0.05). The changes in the surface roughness of the specimens were statistically comparable among the cleaning solutions and time periods (p > 0.05); however, the decrease in the Vickers hardness of the specimens stored in sodium hypochlorite was significantly higher from t0 to t1 and t0 to t2 (p < 0.05) than other groups, resulting in comparable hardness changes. The flexural strengths of all groups were comparable with the control after t2 (p > 0.05).ConclusionThe use of polymeric guanidine disinfectant solution could be an alternative method for cleaning PMMA denture base materials.
Pharmacology of grapiprant, a novel EP4 antagonist: receptor binding, efficacy in a rodent postoperative pain model, and a dose estimation for controlling pain in dogs
Authors: Nagahisa A. , Okumura T. 
Published: September 2016

Grapiprant is an analgesic and anti‐inflammatory drug in the piprant class that was approved in March 2016 by FDA's Center for Veterinary Medicine for the control of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis (OA) in dogs. Grapiprant functions as a selective antagonist of the EP4 receptor, one of the four prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptor subtypes. The EP4 receptor mediates PGE2‐elicited nociception, and grapiprant has been shown to decrease pain in several rat inflammatory pain models. It was also effective in reducing pain associated with OA in humans, providing evidence for its mechanism of action in these species. The estimated canine efficacy dose of between 1.3 and 1.7 mg/kg, p.o. with a methylcellulose suspension, once a day, was predicted based on calculations from comparative affinity of grapiprant to the dog, rat, and human EP4 receptors, serum protein binding, effective doses defined in rat models of pain and inflammation, and human clinical studies. The results of this study guided the doses to be tested in the pilot study and demonstrated the usefulness of the efficacy dose prediction method. The approved commercial tablet dose of grapiprant is 2 mg/kg once a day for the control of pain and inflammation associated with OA in dogs.
Phylogeographic differentiation versus transcriptomic adaptation to warm temperatures in Zostera marina, a globally important seagrass
Authors: Jueterbock A. , Franssen S. U. , Bergmann N. , Gu J. , Coyer J. A. , Reusch T. B. H. , Bornberg‐Bauer E. , Olsen J. L. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPopulations distributed across a broad thermal cline are instrumental in addressing adaptation to increasing temperatures under global warming. Using a space‐for‐time substitution design, we tested for parallel adaptation to warm temperatures along two independent thermal clines in Zostera marina, the most widely distributed seagrass in the temperate Northern Hemisphere. A North–South pair of populations was sampled along the European and North American coasts and exposed to a simulated heatwave in a common‐garden mesocosm. Transcriptomic responses under control, heat stress and recovery were recorded in 99 RNAseq libraries with ~13 000 uniquely annotated, expressed genes. We corrected for phylogenetic differentiation among populations to discriminate neutral from adaptive differentiation. The two southern populations recovered faster from heat stress and showed parallel transcriptomic differentiation, as compared with northern populations. Among 2389 differentially expressed genes, 21 exceeded neutral expectations and were likely involved in parallel adaptation to warm temperatures. However, the strongest differentiation following phylogenetic correction was between the three Atlantic populations and the Mediterranean population with 128 of 4711 differentially expressed genes exceeding neutral expectations. Although adaptation to warm temperatures is expected to reduce sensitivity to heatwaves, the continued resistance of seagrass to further anthropogenic stresses may be impaired by heat‐induced downregulation of genes related to photosynthesis, pathogen defence and stress tolerance.
Bacterial community succession in a high‐altitude subarctic glacier foreland is a three‐stage process
Authors: Kazemi Sina , Hatam Ido , Lanoil Brian 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAlpine glaciers are retreating rapidly, exposing foreland minerals, which develop into soils. Bacterial communities in glacier forelands exhibit high rates of turnover and undergo dramatic shifts in composition within the first 50 years after deglaciation, followed by relative stabilization and convergence. This period of microbial development occurs simultaneously with plant colonization in most systems; thus, it remains unclear whether the changes in the bacterial communities occur primarily as the result of edaphic, climatic or biotic factors. We examined bacterial community structure along two replicate chronosequences within the glacial foreland of Duke River Glacier, Yukon, Canada. This foreland is estimated to include >200 years of bare soils before an appreciable grassline, likely due to the high latitude and altitude of the glacier. This enabled us to examine bacterial community development prior to plant colonization over a longer period than previous studies. We observed three successional groups in the chronosequence: (i) an ‘early’ group in soils of less than approximately 50 years since deglaciation; (ii) an ‘intermediate’ group within bare soils, after the early period but before the grassline, containing communities with a relatively high degree of variability in composition; and (iii) a ‘grassline’ group in soils collected after plant colonization with higher diversity but lower age‐group variability in community composition. These findings suggest rapid replacement and addition of species better adapted to glacier foreland conditions followed by slower community shifts over the next 150 years and, finally, indications of a possible response to plant colonization.
Critical Histories of Museum Catalogues
Authors: Turner Hannah 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis article introduces a special issue on the topic of museum documentation and knowledge production. The articles in this issue address the history of museum catalogues and position the documentation of material culture as a historical epistemological practice. Each article examines how cataloguing practices have evolved over time and how the categorization or classification of ethnographic material culture often depends on specific individuals or preexisting scientific standards. This issue engages critically with emergent discussions concerning the formalization of knowledge about ethnographic material culture as it emerged in the nineteenth century. These articles also contribute to theoretical discussions that consider the material practices of knowledge production and the affective relations that shape this information. As a whole, this issue gives unique insights into how museums have documented material culture through time and provides a way of thinking about how we might engage with such historical practices that still impact much of our present work.
Exchanging Anthropological Duplicates at the Smithsonian Institution
Authors: Nichols Catherine A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe museum catalogue has historically been used to classify artifacts based on their material and contextual features. The use of natural history, catalogue‐based classifications in nineteenth‐century museums resulted in curators designating some anthropological museum specimens as duplicates. These items were then used in specimen exchanges among museums and collectors, which served to extend each recipient's scope of collections. This article explores how cataloguing techniques recontextualized anthropological artifacts into specimens, which then circulated based on networks of correspondence. I compare the purpose and goals of three exchanges carried out by the Smithsonian Institution to the Rijks Ethnographic Museum in Leiden, the Historical Department of Iowa, and U.S. Congressman Joel P. Heatwole. Specimen exchange highlights the interconnections among institutions and emphasizes how approaches to collecting by one museum can affect the content of collections in other museums.
The role of Bgl2p in the transition to filamentous cells during biofilm formation by Candida albicans
Authors: Chen Xinyue , Zhang Ruoyu , Takada Ayako , Iwatani Shun , Oka Chiemi , Kitamoto Toshitaka , Kajiwara Susumu 
Published: September 2016

SummaryThe fungal pathogen Candida albicans undergoes a transition from yeast cells to filamentous cells that is related to its pathogenicity. The complex multicellular processes involved in biofilm formation by this fungus also include this transition. In this work, we investigated the morphological role of the Bgl2 protein (Bgl2p) in the transition to filamentous cells during biofilm formation by C. albicans. Bgl2p has been identified as a β‐1, 3‐glucosyltransferase, and transcription of the CaBGL2 gene is upregulated during biofilm formation. We used scanning electron microscopy to observe the microstructure of a bgl2 null mutant during biofilm formation and found a delay in the transition to filamentous cells in the premature phase (24 hours) of biofilm formation. Deletion of the CaBGL2 gene led to a decrease in the expression of CPH2 and TEC1, which encode transcription factors required for the transition to the filamentous form. These findings indicate that Bgl2p plays a role in the transition to filamentous cells during biofilm formation by C. albicans.
Nurses' and physicians' perceptions of Confusion Assessment Method for the intensive care unit for delirium detection: focus group study
Authors: Oxenbøll‐Collet Marie , Egerod Ingrid , Christensen Vibeke , Jensen Jeannette , Thomsen Thordis 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundDelirium in the intensive care unit (ICU) has received more attention in the past decade. Early detection, prevention and treatment of delirium are important, and the most commonly used tool for delirium assessment is the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM‐ICU).AimThe aim of this study was to identify nurses' and physicians' perceived professional barriers to using the CAM‐ICU in Danish ICUs.MethodsThis study uses a qualitative explorative multicentre design using focus groups and a semi‐structured interview guide. Five focus groups with nurses (n = 20) and four with physicians (n = 14) were conducted. Strategic sampling was used to include participants with varying CAM‐ICU experience at units, with variable implementation of the tool.ResultsUsing a hermeneutical approach, three main themes and nine sub‐themes emerged. The main themes were (1) Professional role issues: CAM‐ICU screening affected nursing care, clinical judgment and professional integrity; (2) Instrument reliability: nurses and physicians expressed concerns about CAM‐ICU assessment in non‐sedated patients, patients with multi‐organ failure or patients influenced by residual sedatives/opioids; and (3) Clinical consequence: after CAM‐ICU assessment, physicians lacked evidence‐based treatment options, and nurses lacked physician acknowledgment and guidelines for disclosing CAM‐ICU results to patients.ConclusionIn this study, ICU nurses and physicians raised a number of concerns regarding the use of the CAM‐ICU for delirium detection. It might be necessary to revalidate the instrument as ICU care has changed in recent years, with lighter sedation and early mobilization of patients. We recommend that nurses and physicians receive more training in the use of the CAM‐ICU to address some of the issues identified in our study.Relevance to clinical practiceThere is a need for ongoing training and clearer guidelines on how to proceed with the delirium screening of non‐sedated patients.
Evolutionary conservatism explains increasing relatedness of plant communities along a flooding gradient
Authors: Tanentzap Andrew J. , Lee William G. 
Published: September 2016

Summary

Abiotic filters have been found either to increase or reduce evolutionary relatedness in plant communities, making it difficult to generalize responses of this major feature of biodiversity to future environmental change. Here, we hypothesized that the responses of phylogenetic structure to environmental change ultimately depend on how species have evolved traits for tolerating the resulting abiotic changes.

Working within ephemeral wetlands, we tested whether species were increasingly related as flooding duration intensified. We also identified the mechanisms underlying increased relatedness by measuring root aerenchyma volume (RAV), a trait which promotes waterlogging tolerance.

We found that species‐specific responses to flooding explained most of the variation in occurrence for 63 vascular plant species across 5170 plots. For a subset of 22 species, we attributed these responses to variation in RAV. Large RAV specifically increased occurrence when flooding lasted for longer time periods, because large RAV reduced above‐ground biomass loss. As large RAV was evolutionarily conserved within obligate wetland species, communities were more phylogenetically related as flooding increased.

Our study shows how reconstructing the evolutionary history of traits that influence the responses of species to environmental change can help to predict future patterns in phylogenetic structure.
Birt–Hogg–Dubé Syndrome Presenting as a Nevus Comedonicus–Like Lesion in an 8‐Year‐Old Boy
Authors: Sprague Jessica , Landau Joseph W. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBirt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome is an uncommon genodermatosis characterized by hair follicle hamartomas and an increased risk of pneumothorax and renal cell carcinoma. Recognition of cutaneous manifestations is essential because it allows for early screening and management of systemic complications. We present the case of an 8‐year‐old boy with a recently described cystic and comedonal variant of the classic fibrofolliculoma, which had been present since birth.
Management of Head Louse Infestations in the United States—A Literature Review
Authors: Koch Ellen , Clark John Marshall , Cohen Bernard , Meinking Terri L. , Ryan William G. , Stevenson Audrey , Yetman Robert , Yoon Kyong Sup 
Published: September 2016

AbstractHead lice are a source of scalp irritation, social disruption, and loss of school time. Health care providers need authoritative information to help avoid the costs and risks of ineffective treatment. A review was completed to provide relevant information on infestation treatments available in the United States. Three major biomedical databases were searched from 1985, when current products were first available, to 2014, focusing on U.S. reports. A total of 579 references remained after duplicates were removed. A search of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration website and labels of approved products were reviewed. A marked decline in the effectiveness of permethrin and synergized pyrethrins was found, probably because of resistance arising from widespread and indiscriminate use, and the emergence of knockdown resistance mutations. The potential toxicity of lindane in the setting of readily available, safer, and more effective alternatives, should limit its use. Prescription products shown to be safe and effective with a single application, without nit combing, are topical ivermectin, malathion, and spinosad, whereas benzyl alcohol requires two applications. Home remedies such as mayonnaise, and essential oils, have not been demonstrated to be safe or effective, and may carry potential for severe adverse events. The high risk of failure of over‐the‐counter treatments in eliminating head louse infestations drives a need for health care provider recognition of the limitations of current treatments and for judicious use of treatments that remain effective.
High‐dose Cepharanthin for pediatric chronic immune thrombocytopenia in Japan
Authors: Yamazaki Taro , Shibuya Atsushi , Ishii Saori , Miura Nobuyuki , Ohtake Akira , Sasaki Nozomu , Araki Ryuichiro , Ota Yatio , Fujiwara Mitsuhiro , Miyajima Yuji , Uetake Kimiaki , Hamahata Keigo , Kato Koji , Kawakami Kiyoshi , Toyoda Hidemi , Moriguchi Naohiko , Okada Masahiko , Nishi Masanori , Ogata Yoshiyasu , Takimoto Tomohito , Ohga Shouichi , Ohta Shigeru , Amemiya Shin 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundA nationwide, multicenter and observational study was retrospectively conducted to evaluate the clinical utility of Cepharanthin (CEP) for pediatric patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP).MethodsClinical and laboratory data for 46 Japanese patients aged <16 years who were diagnosed as having chronic ITP in 14 hospitals during 2001–2011, and were treated with CEP for >12 months, were analyzed.ResultsMedian daily CEP dose was 1 mg/kg (range, 0.12–2 mg/kg). Median platelet count prior to CEP was 20.5 × 109/L (IQR, 8.3–53.0 × 109/L), and then significantly increased to 58.5 × 109/L (IQR, 22.8–115.0 × 109/L) and 69.0 × 109/L (IQR, 23.0–134.0 × 109/L) at 12 and 24 months of treatment, respectively. No life‐threatening bleeds or moderate–severe adverse events were reported. Of 38 patients who received both corticosteroids (CS) and CEP, 17 patients (45%) were weaned from CS, and 15 patients (39%) attained the reduced dose of CS. The duration from the start of CEP to the stopping of CS was a median of 413 days (range, 49–1734 days) in patients who were weaned from CS.ConclusionsCEP alone or combined with CS was useful for the management of pediatric chronic ITPs.
Early Confucianism and Contemporary Moral Psychology
Authors: Kim Richard 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe aim of this essay is to introduce scholars to recent discussions of early Confucian ethics that intersect with contemporary moral psychology. Given the early Confucian tradition's intense focus on the cultivation of virtue, there are a number of ways in which early Confucian thinkers – as represented in the texts of the Analects, the Mencius, and the Xunzi – fruitfully engaged in a range of topics that are closely connected to live issues in moral psychology. Not only did they anticipate some contemporary debates (e.g. moral modularity, situationism) but explored them from a distinctively Confucian normative worldview, attending especially to the role of the family and ritual practice. This essay seeks to demonstrate that early Confucianism, by integrating a normative vision with empirically grounded observations of human behavior, offers resources for constructively exploring a number of ongoing questions in moral psychology.