bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure‐Enabled Discovery of a Stapled Peptide Inhibitor to Target the Oncogenic Transcriptional Repressor TLE1
Authors: McGrath Sally , Tortorici Marcello , Drouin Ludovic , Solanki Savade , Vidler Lewis , Westwood Isaac , Gimeson Peter , Van Montfort Rob , Hoelder Swen 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTLE1 is an oncogenic transcriptional co‐repressor that exerts its repressive effects through binding of transcription factors. Inhibition of this protein–protein interaction represents a putative cancer target, but no small‐molecule inhibitors have been published for this challenging interface. Herein, the structure‐enabled design and synthesis of a constrained peptide inhibitor of TLE1 is reported. The design features the introduction of a four‐carbon‐atom linker into the peptide epitope found in many TLE1 binding partners. A concise synthetic route to a proof‐of‐concept peptide, cycFWRPW, has been developed. Biophysical testing by isothermal titration calorimetry and thermal shift assays showed that, although the constrained peptide bound potently, it had an approximately five‐fold higher Kd than that of the unconstrained peptide. The co‐crystal structure suggested that the reduced affinity was likely to be due to a small shift of one side chain, relative to the otherwise well‐conserved conformation of the acyclic peptide. This work describes a constrained peptide inhibitor that may serve as the basis for improved inhibitors.
Solar‐Water‐Splitting BiVO4 Thin‐Film Photoanodes Prepared By Using a Sol–Gel Dip‐Coating Technique
Authors: Hilliard Samantha , Friedrich Dennis , Kressman Stéphane , Strub Henri , Artero Vincent , Laberty‐Robert Christel 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA facile and low cost method to construct a bismuth vanadate thin film photoanode was implemented with the aim of integrating it in a tandem dual water splitting photoelectrochemical cell. Multilayer semi‐transparent thin films of BiVO4 were fabricated by a sol–gel process and deposited by dip‐coating onto transparent conducting oxide substrates with intermediate annealing treatment between layers and final calcination at a low temperature of 450 °C in air. The effect of the intermediate annealing temperature has a great impact on the porosity, and therefore density, of thin layers of BiVO4 when fabricated by sol–gel dip‐coating methods; thus, for optimal activity, the annealing temperature should be kept at 400 °C for thinner layers and 450 °C for thicker layers. The annealing temperature has a direct effect on the size of the crystallites which determines the microstructural density and porosity. In contrast, the final calcination temperature must be 450 °C in order to achieve good electrochemical performances. Optimized BiVO4 photoanodes exhibit a photocurrent of up to 2.1 mA cm−2 with an average Faradic efficiency of 85 % for oxygen evolution in neutral pH potassium phosphate buffer at 1.23 V vs. RHE under 350 mW cm−2 light irradiation.
An Efficient and Reusable Embedded Ru Catalyst for the Hydrogenolysis of Levulinic Acid to γ‐Valerolactone
Authors: Wei Zuojun , Lou Jiongtao , Su Chuanmin , Guo Dechao , Liu Yingxin , Deng Shuguang 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTo achieve a higher activity and reusability of a Ru‐based catalyst, Ru nanoparticles were embedded in N‐doped mesoporous carbon through a hard‐template method. The catalyst showed excellent catalytic performance (314 h−1 turnover frequency) and recyclability (reusable five times with 3 % activity loss) for the hydrogenolysis of levulinic acid to γ‐valerolactone. Compared with the mesoporous carbon without N‐doping and conventional activated carbon, the introduction of N‐dopant effectively improved the dispersion of Ru nanoparticles, decreased the average size of Ru nanoparticles to as small as 1.32 nm, and improved the adsorption of levulinic acid, which contributed to the increase in the activity of the catalyst. Additionally, the embedding method increased the interaction between Ru nanoparticles and carbon support in contrast with the conventional impregnation method, thus preventing the Ru nanoparticles from migration, aggregation, and leaching from the carbon surface and therefore increasing the reusability of the catalyst.
A gradient of nutrient enrichment reveals nonlinear impacts of fertilization on Arctic plant diversity and ecosystem function
Authors: Prager Case M. , Naeem Shahid , Boelman Natalie T. , Eitel Jan U. H. , Greaves Heather E. , Heskel Mary A. , Magney Troy S. , Menge Duncan N.L. , Vierling Lee A. , Griffin Kevin L. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractRapid environmental change at high latitudes is predicted to greatly alter the diversity, structure, and function of plant communities, resulting in changes in the pools and fluxes of nutrients. In Arctic tundra, increased nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability accompanying warming is known to impact plant diversity and ecosystem function; however, to date, most studies examining Arctic nutrient enrichment focus on the impact of relatively large (>25x estimated naturally occurring N enrichment) doses of nutrients on plant community composition and net primary productivity. To understand the impacts of Arctic nutrient enrichment, we examined plant community composition and the capacity for ecosystem function (net ecosystem exchange, ecosystem respiration, and gross primary production) across a gradient of experimental N and P addition expected to more closely approximate warming‐induced fertilization. In addition, we compared our measured ecosystem CO2 flux data to a widely used Arctic ecosystem exchange model to investigate the ability to predict the capacity for CO2 exchange with nutrient addition. We observed declines in abundance‐weighted plant diversity at low levels of nutrient enrichment, but species richness and the capacity for ecosystem carbon uptake did not change until the highest level of fertilization. When we compared our measured data to the model, we found that the model explained roughly 30%–50% of the variance in the observed data, depending on the flux variable, and the relationship weakened at high levels of enrichment. Our results suggest that while a relatively small amount of nutrient enrichment impacts plant diversity, only relatively large levels of fertilization—over an order of magnitude or more than warming‐induced rates—significantly alter the capacity for tundra CO2 exchange. Overall, our findings highlight the value of measuring and modeling the impacts of a nutrient enrichment gradient, as warming‐related nutrient availability may impact ecosystems differently than single‐level fertilization experiments.
Pollinator preference and pollen viability mediated by flower color synergistically determine seed set in an Alpine annual herb
Authors: Mu Junpeng , Yang Yulian , Luo Yanling , Su Ruijun , Niklas Karl J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractGentiana leucomelaena manifests dramatic flower color polymorphism, with both blue‐ and white‐flowered individuals (pollinated by flies and bees) both within a population and on an individual plant. Previous studies of this species have shown that pollinator preference and flower temperature change as a function of flower color throughout the flowering season. However, few if any studies have explored the effects of flower color on both pollen viability (mediated by anther temperature) and pollinator preference on reproductive success (seed set) in a population or on individual plants over the course of the entire flowering season. Based on prior observations, we hypothesized that flower color affects both pollen viability (as a function of anther temperature) and pollen deposition (as a function of pollinator preference) to synergistically determine reproductive success during the peak of the flowering season. This hypothesis was tested by field observations and hand pollination experiments in a Tibetan alpine meadow. Generalized linear model and path analyses showed that pollen viability was determined by flower color, flowering season, and anther temperature. Anther temperature correlated positively with pollen viability during the peak of the early flowering season, but negatively affected pollen viability during the peak of the mid‐ to late flowering season. Pollen deposition was determined by flower color, flowering season (early, or mid‐ to late season), and pollen viability. Pollen viability and pollen deposition were affected by flower color that in turn affected seed set across the peak of the flowering season (i.e., when the greatest number of flowers were being pollinated). Hand pollination experiments showed that pollen viability and pollen deposition directly influenced seed set. These data collectively indicate that the preference of pollinators for flower color and pollen viability changed during the flowering season in a manner that optimizes successful reproduction in G. leucomelaena. This study is one of a few that have simultaneously considered the effects of both pollen viability and pollen deposition on reproductive success in the same population and on individual plants.
Preparation and application of epitope magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers for enrichment of sulfonamide antibiotics in water
Authors: Hu Yufeng , Wang Cheng , Li Xiangdao , Liu Lifen 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSulfonamides, which are widely used synthetic antibiotics, are hydrophilic and stable. They can easily migrate into the environment and aquatic animals, and increase the risk of cancer, drug resistance, and allergic symptoms if consumed by humans. Here, we developed an epitope magnetic imprinting approach to enrich multiple sulfonamide antibiotics from a water sample. Epitope magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (EMMIPs) were prepared by free‐radical polymerization using vinyl‐functioned Fe3O4 as a core, sulfanilamide (SA) as a dummy template, methacrylic acid as a functional monomer, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a cross‐linker. The performance of the EMMIPs was first evaluated by rebinding SA, and then an adsorption experiment was conducted to assess the extraction of multiple sulfonamide antibiotics containing the SA group. The binding experiments showed that the EMMIPs reached adsorption equilibrium in only 5 min with adsorption of SA at 2040 μg/g, compared with just 462 μg/g for the epitope magnetic non‐imprinted polymers. EMMIPs were combined with HPLC for the detection of six sulfonamide antibiotics in surface water samples. The recoveries ranged from 79.3 to 92.4% and the relative standard deviations from 0.9 to 7.3%.
Microstructural Stability of Tailored CaMn0.875−xFexTi0.125O3−δ Perovskite Oxygen Carrier Materials for Chemical Looping Combustion
Authors: Thoréton Vincent , Pishahang Mehdi , Mokkelbost Tommy , Wiik Kjell , Larring Yngve 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCaMn1−xTixO3−δ are state‐of‐the‐art perovskite‐type oxygen‐carrier materials (OCMs) used in gaseous fluidized‐bed chemical looping combustion (CLC), which is currently undergoing upscaling and demo campaigns in several large pilot plants around the world. CLC requires control of oxygen release and uptake by the oxygen‐carrier material. The flexibility of the perovskite's structure allows a wide range of substitutions, which can be beneficial for tuning the properties. In this study, we investigate the beneficial effect of iron substitution on the microstructural stability of tailored CaMn0.875−xFexTi0.125O3−δ perovskite oxygen carrier materials for chemical looping combustion. The redox performances of the substituted compounds under different reducing atmospheres are discussed. During operation in a fixed‐bed reactor, methane conversion occurred without any soot formation. It was demonstrated that iron substitution improved the spontaneous release of oxygen and the oxygen‐transfer capacity of the material for moderate iron substitution close to x=0.15. Iron substitution also effectively limited the degradation of the microstructure of the particles during redox cycling.
Forecast robustness in macroeconometric models
Authors: Bårdsen Gunnar , Kolsrud Dag , Nymoen Ragnar 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis paper investigates potential invariance of mean forecast errors to structural breaks in the data generating process. From the general forecasting literature, such robustness is expected to be a rare occurrence. With the aid of a stylized macro model we are able to identify some economically relevant cases of robustness and to interpret them economically. We give an interpretation in terms of co‐breaking. The analytical results resound well with the forecasting record of a medium‐scale econometric model of the Norwegian economy.
Linking interannual river flow river variability across New Zealand to the Southern Annular Mode, 1979–2011
Authors: Li Ning , McGregor Glenn Russell 
Published: March 2017

AbstractRiver flow constitutes an important element of the terrestrial branch of the hydrological cycle, yet knowledge regarding the extent to which its variability, at a range of timescales, is linked to a number of modes of atmospheric circulation is meagre. This is especially so in the Southern Hemisphere where strong candidates, such as El Niño Southern Oscillation and the Southern Annular Mode (SAM), for influencing climate and thus river flow variability can be found. This paper presents the results of an analysis of the impact of the SAM on winter and summer river flow variability across New Zealand, purposefully controlling for the influence of El Niño Southern Oscillation and the tendency for the SAM to adopt a positive phase over the last 10–20 years. Study results, based on identifying hydrological regions and applying circulation‐to‐environment and environment‐to‐circulation approaches commonly used in synoptic climatology, reveal a seasonal asymmetry of the response of river flow variability to the SAM; winter flows demonstrate a higher degree of statistical association with the SAM compared to summer flows. Further, because of the complex orography of New Zealand and its general disposition normal to zonal flows of moisture bearing winds, there are intraseasonal spatial variations in river flow SAM associations with clear rain shadow effects playing out in resultant river flow volumes. The complexity of SAM river flow associations found in this study warns against using indices of large scale modes of atmospheric circulation as blunt tools for hydroclimatological prediction at scales beyond hydroclimatological regions or areas with internal hydrological consistency.
Development of Humanized Mice in the Age of Genome Editing
Authors: Hosur Vishnu , Low Benjamin E. , Avery Cindy , Shultz Leonard D. , Wiles Michael V. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTMice are the most commonly used model organisms to study human disease. Many genetic human diseases can be recapitulated by modifying the mouse genome allowing the testing of existing and novel therapeutics, including combinatorial therapeutics, without putting humans at risk. Specifically, the development of “humanized” mice, that is, severely immunodeficient mice engrafted with functional human hematopoietic and immune cells and tissues, has revolutionized our ability to study and model human diseases in preclinical in vivo systems. Until recently it has been challenging to develop strains of humanized mice with targeted mutations or that transgenically express human genes with site‐specific mutations, and can permit optimal growth of functional human cells and tissues. However, recent advances in targeted nuclease‐based genetic engineering have enabled precise modification and development of humanized mouse models at an unprecedented pace. These modifications permit optimal growth of functional human cells and tissues and can be used to replicate human genetically determined diseases. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3043–3048, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Square function estimates on layer potentials for higher‐order elliptic equations
Authors: Barton Ariel , Hofmann Steve , Mayboroda Svitlana 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this paper we establish square‐function estimates on the double and single layer potentials for divergence form elliptic operators, of arbitrary even order 2m, with variable t‐independent coefficients in the upper half‐space. This generalizes known results for variable‐coefficient second‐order operators, and also for constant‐coefficient higher‐order operators.
Subadult Age at Death and Health Status at Niah Cave, Borneo (1500–200 bc)
Authors: Schrenk A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSoutheast Asia's transition to rice agriculture is often used as an exception to the general pattern of health decline at the agricultural transition. Niah Cave is the largest known Southeast Asian Neolithic cemetery, providing valuable information about subadult health during the agricultural transition in this region. This study examines the health status and mortuary treatment of subadult skeletal remains (Minimum Number of Individuals (MNI) = 49) from the Neolithic cemetery of Niah Cave, Sarawak, Malaysia (1500–200 bc). This study found that few cases of cribra orbitalia (4.6%) and porotic hyperostosis (14%). However, nonspecific infections may have been a risk factor for subadults as over half (65%) died with active cases of periosteal reactions on their long bones. Differential diagnosis determined that possible factors for this include parasite load, rickets and scurvy. Mortuary practices indicate that subadults may have been treated differently in phases 1 and 2 but were grated similar mortuary treatment in phases 3 and 4. This study suggests that changes in mobility patterns may have placed subadults at risk for increased parasite load and vitamin deficiency, while the role of subadults within the community may have changed over time. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Established and emerging strategies for polymer chain‐end modification
Authors: Lunn David J. , Discekici Emre H. , Read de Alaniz Javier , Gutekunst Will R. , Hawker Craig J. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThe development of “controlled” and “living” polymerization processes with high end‐group fidelity has enabled an unprecedented range of polymeric materials with specific chain‐end functionality to be prepared. This highlight provides an overview of available strategies and evaluation of recent approaches for the chain‐end functionalization of polymers prepared through controlled chain‐growth polymerizations. As a tribute to Professor Robert B. Grubbs on the occasion of his 75th birthday, we also take this opportunity to highlight methods for the chain‐end modification of polymers prepared by ring‐opening metathesis polymerization within the broader context of functional group tolerant, living polymerizations. Finally, we focus attention toward new directions in polymer chain‐end modifications, describing existing gaps in current strategies, and detailing recently reported protocols that show significant improvements over traditional methods. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 2903–2914
Cyp1b1‐mediated suppression of lymphoid progenitors in bone marrow by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons coordinately impacts spleen and thymus: a selective role for the Ah Receptor
Authors: Larsen Michele Campaigne , N'Jai Alhaji U. , Alexander David L. , Rondelli Catherine M. , Forsberg E C. , Czuprynski Charles J. , Jefcoate Colin R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBone marrow (BM) hematopoietic stem cells differentiate to common lymphoid progenitors (CLP) that emigrate to the thymus to form T cells or differentiate into immature B cells that then migrate to the spleen for maturation. Rapid in vivo suppression of BM progenitor cells by a single oral or intraperitoneal dose of 7,12‐dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) subsequently decreased mature lymphoid populations in BM, spleen, and thymus. These suppressions depended on BM CYP1B1, but not on aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activity. Suppression of pre‐B colony formation at 6 h, correlated with subsequent decreases in mature BM, spleen, and thymus populations (48–168 h). Thymus T‐cell ratios were unaffected, suggesting low local toxicity. DMBA treatment suppressed progenitor cells 24‐h post treatment in wild type (WT), AhRb mice, but not in Cyp1b1‐ko mice. The stem cell populations were sustained. Benzo(a)pyrene (BP) mediated a similar progenitor suppression up to 6 h, but reversal rapidly ensued. This recovery was absent in mice with a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)‐resistant, AhRd genotype. This AhR‐dependent progenitor recovery with BP induction accounts for the absence of suppression of B220+ BM and spleen populations at 48–168 h. However, DMBA and BP produced similar profiles for thymus cell suppression, independent of AhR genotype. Thus, lymphoid progenitors may exit the BM to the thymus prior to the BP reversal. This progenitor recovery is associated with elevated chemokines and cytokines that depend on AhR‐mediated induction of CYP1A1. This response increased constitutively in Cyp1b1‐ko BM, demonstrating that CYP1B1 metabolizes local stimulants that impact a basal progenitor protection process.
Pregnancy outcomes after assisted reproductive procedures with embryos that had been derived from affected and unaffected ovaries among women with small unilateral endometriomas
Authors: Takashima Akiko , Takeshita Naoki , Kinoshita Toshihiko 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimTo clarify the effects of small endometriomas on in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes. In the present study, the potential impact of small ovarian endometriomas on the quantitative and qualitative outcomes ofIVFwas evaluated in the same individual.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed, in which 118 infertile women with unilateral endometriomas that were <40 mm in size and who underwentIVFor intracytoplasmic sperm injection were evaluated. Single frozen embryo transfer cycles were performed, with separate data collections for both the affected and the unaffected ovaries, which allowed for an evaluation of the implantation rate.ResultsThe mean antral follicular count and the number of follicular flushings, retrieved oocytes, and obtained embryos were significantly lower for the endometrioma‐containing ovary than for the contralateral, intact ovary. No significant difference was observed regarding the blastocyst retrieval and good‐quality blastocyst retrieval rates, pregnancy rate, and clinical pregnancy or live birth rate.ConclusionAlthough the patients with a small endometrioma had a decreased ovarian reserve, they had lower pregnancy rates. The decision to transfer an embryo from an endometrioma‐containing ovary or from a contralateral, intact ovary also might not influence the pregnancy rate.