bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuron-specific deficiency of autophagy increases neuronal loss in traumatic brain injury
Authors: Pei Chunying , Li Bo , Wen Sijia , Zhao Kai , Yu Shuxian , Li Tao , Li Yu , Fu Yanran , Tian Linlu , Xu Hongwei , Cheng Huakun , Li Rui 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The involvement of neuronal autophagy in traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains elusive. Previous investigations, as far as our knowledge extends, have modulated autophagy either through systemic administration of autophagy inhibitors/inducers or by eliminating key regulators of autophagy across all somatic cells, lacking specificity for neurons. Consequently, drawing conclusions from such studies may be muddled by inhibiting autophagy in other cell types, including astrocytes, microglia, and immune cells. To discern the precise role of neuronal autophagy in TBI, we generated tamoxifen-induced, neuron-specific, autophagy-deficient mice by crossing atg5flox/flox mice with map2-CreERT2 mice. We then induced TBI in either control mice or mice with neuron-specific autophagy deficiency. Our findings revealed that the absence of autophagy, specifically in adult neurons, led to exaggerated neurologic-deficit syndromes and more pronounced neuronal loss. Additionally, we demonstrated that neuronal autophagy is orchestrated by immunity-related GTPase family M member 1 (Irgm1) in neural injury, as evidenced by neuron-specific irgm1 knockout mice displaying a significant reduction in neuronal autophagy and heightened neuronal loss compared with control mice. Collectively, our data provide more conclusive evidence that fortifies the neuroprotective role of autophagy in TBI.
France, Economic Liberalism, and the Populist Challenge
Authors: Feigenbaum Harvey B 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article reviews Contested Liberalization by Jonah Levy. Levy explores the role of politics in slowing the implementation of neoliberal economic policies in France, from the 1980s forward. Levy devotes special attention to the politics and policies of Emmanual Macron. The article examines Levy's argument in the context of the French “dirigiste” tradition and considers Macron's policies and the recent rise of populism in France. It argues that populism has arisen in many advanced countries as they have shifted from industrial to service economies. The rise in working class grievance in the face of low productivity and wage stagnation has proved fertile ground for populist parties.
Increased prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in systemic sclerosis patients, including in men and young women—a case–control study
Authors: Lillpers Kerstin , McGuigan Fiona , Andréasson Kristofer , Hesselstrand Roger , Kapetanovic Meliha C , Åkesson Kristina E 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate bone mineral density (BMD), osteoporosis prevalence and SSc-specific associations of BMD in SSc patients compared with background population.

Methods
In total, 211 SSc patients (182 women, 29 men; mean age 61.3 and 62.2 years, respectively) and 505 age- and sex-matched controls from the same geographic area participated. BMD and T-score at total hip and lumbar spine was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Osteopenia was defined as T-score –1.0 to –2.5, and osteoporosis as T-score ≤–2.5. Associates of low BMD were identified by multiple regression analysis.

Results
Women with SSc had lower BMD for total hip (P &lt; 0.001) and spine (P = 0.011), equivalent to ΔT-score –0.56 and –0.35 compared with controls. Osteopenia was present in 51.6% and 16.5% had osteoporosis (P = 0.001, compared with controls). Already in women below age 45 years, differences in hip BMD were apparent (ΔT-score –0.93, P = 0.005). In addition to expected risk factors for osteoporosis (older age, lower BMI and menopause), finger ulcers (P = 0.009) and diffuse skin involvement (P = 0.027) were associated with lower hip BMD in women. In men with SSc, more than half displayed osteopenia or osteoporosis and had numerically lower hip BMD than their age-matched counterparts.

Conclusion
SSc patients, including men and younger women, have lower BMD than the background population. Finger ulcers and diffuse skin involvement, in addition to older age, lower BMI and being post-menopausal, are associated with lower BMD in women. The data emphasize the importance of performing bone health assessment of all SSc patients, including men and young subjects.
A retrospective evaluation of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in systemic lupus erythematosus patients
Authors: Carlucci Philip M , Cohen Brooke , Saxena Amit , Belmont H Michael , Masson Mala , Gold Heather T , Buyon Jill , Izmirly Peter 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RA) are an emerging class of medications with demonstrated promise in improving cardiometabolic outcomes. Whether these drugs may be useful in mitigating the cardiac risk associated with SLE remains unknown, and a recent case of drug-induced lupus secondary to GLP1-RA use calls the safety of GLP1-RAs in SLE patients into question. Accordingly, this retrospective analysis was initiated to evaluate outcomes of GLP1-RAs in SLE.

Methods
All patients in the NYU Lupus Cohort who had used a GLP1-RA were eligible for inclusion. Patient characteristics were assessed at baseline (most recent rheumatology visit prior to starting GLP1-RA), 1–4 months and 6–10 months after GLP1-RA initiation.

Results
Of the 1211 patients in the cohort, only 24 had received a GLP1-RA. Six were excluded due to insufficient documentation regarding duration of medication use. Of the remaining 18 (median age 50), 17 (94%) were female and nine (50%) were White. There was one mild-to-moderate flare at 6–10 months, but no patients accumulated new SLE criteria during the follow-up period. Compared with baseline, median BMI was reduced by 3% at 1–4 months (P = 0.002) and 13% at 6–10 months (P = 0.001). Nine (50%) patients were initially denied insurance coverage for a GLP1-RA.

Conclusion
While limited by a small sample size, this descriptive study showed that GLP1-RAs did not trigger flares above expected background rates and were associated with significantly decreased BMI. Future studies exploring the potential benefits of GLP1-RAs in patients with SLE are warranted.
Margin constraints and asset prices
Authors: Ahn Jungkyu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
I study the effects of regulatory policy changes on interest rate option prices: margin tightening from the introduction of mandatory interest rate swap clearing by the Dodd–Frank Act in 2010 and margin loosening from the counterbalance of voluntary swaption clearing and synthetic derivatives to the uncleared margin rule in 2016. Employing these variations as exogenous shocks for a quasi-experimental design, I show that swaption prices consistently respond to changes in margin requirements. The results are consistent with theories on the expected margin premium, where the constrained agent holds short positions in zero net supply.
How liberalism accommodates far-right social movements: on “mainstreaming” and the need for critical theory in far-right studies
Authors: Tetrault Justin E C 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Scholarship on social movements, racism, and nationalism increasingly falls under the purview of “extremism studies” and its subfield “far-right studies.” Prominent extremism scholars have developed generalist theories purportedly explaining far-right politics and power dynamics (or “mainstreaming”) across liberal societies. They define “far-right” as “illiberal” politics promoting dehumanization, exclusion, and inequality. Their theory of mainstreaming suggests that “the” far-right is a coherent entity that “enters” mainstream institutions or discourse from the outside. For these scholars, strengthening liberal-civic principles prevents far-right political power (mainstreaming). I call these approaches “grand theory templates,” which I critique for simplistic interpretations of power and for overlooking critical theory scholarship showing how liberalism accommodates far-right politics. Using the Canadian nationalist movement as a case study, I show how liberal chauvinism can be crucial to empowering right-wing populist movements. My data include over 40 hours of participant-observation at 20 right-wing events and 35 interviews with 42 current leaders and members of on-the-ground nationalist groups. Right-wing nationalists foregrounded liberal-civic ideas, such as “security,” “rights,” “objectivity,” and “tolerance,” to advance anti-Muslim sentiment and populist conspiracism. My findings suggest that far-right movements can gain power by embracing liberalism’s ambiguity and contradictions. In other words, mastering liberal messaging can be essential to the growth of far-right movements, challenging any easy dismissal of these politics as “illiberal.” Altogether, “top–down” grand theory templates oversimplify political distinctions and power, compromising research design and analysis. I advocate for more granular and “bottom–up” inductive approaches that prioritize sociological traditions over theories recently popularized by extremism scholars.
Assessing the Risks of Risk Assessments: Institutional Tensions and Data Driven Judicial Decision-Making in U.S. Pretrial Hearings
Authors: Esthappan Sino 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Risk assessments, which are predictive technologies designed to augment organizational decision-making processes, are expanding globally. The use of risk assessments may lend legitimacy to official actors who routinely adjudicate highly consequential decisions alongside competing institutional pressures. But because these tools are laden with measurement errors, using them may also magnify institutional tensions and erode the legitimacy of official actors’ decision-making practices. In this article, I use interviews with judges in four large U.S. criminal courts to reveal how they strategically engaged with risk assessment scores to navigate tensions within and among different institutional logics. In pretrial hearings, judges selectively invoked risk scores to legitimate punitive sanctions that mitigated tensions from bureaucratic logics to process high caseloads with limited resources, legal logics to protect public safety and impose the least restrictive conditions, and political logics to follow the law while facing public scrutiny. I discuss the implications of these findings for future research on penal change and the uses of discretion in the age of big data.
Cytotoxicity induced by three commercial neonicotinoid insecticide formulations in differentiated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells
Authors: Honatel Karol Ferreira , Conte Aline Mocellin , Garcia Solange Cristina , Arbo Bruno Dutra , Arbo Marcelo Dutra 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Neonicotinoid insecticides are used worldwide for crop protection. They act as agonists at postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), disrupting normal neurotransmission in target insects. Human exposure is high due to the widespread use of neonicotinoids and their residues in food. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro neurotoxicity of three neonicotinoid commercial formulations Much 600 FS® (imidacloprid 600 g L−1), Evidence 700 WG® (imidacloprid 700 g kg−1), and Actara 250 WG® (thiamethoxam 250 g kg−1) in differentiated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line.

Methods
Cells were incubated with the pesticides for 96 h, and the cytotoxicity was evaluated through the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium·bromide (MTT) reduction and neutral red (NR) uptake assays. Toxicological pathways such as reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS) production, mitochondrial membrane potential, cell death mode, and the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax were also evaluated.

Results
EC50 values of 266.4, 4,175, and 653.2 mg L−1 were found for Much®, Evidence® and Actara®, respectively. Significant increases in ROS and RNS generation were observed for all pesticides, while mitochondrial membrane potential and Bax protein expression showed no significant changes. Analysis of cell death mode revealed an increase in early apoptotic cells.

Conclusion
Therefore, neonicotinoid insecticides are potentially neurotoxic, reinforcing concerns about human exposure to these commercial formulations.
4Disability Studies
Authors: Dilodovico Amanda 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This review of disability studies literature centers on two anthologies published in 2023: Crip Authorship: Disability as Method, edited by Mara Mills and Rebecca Sanchez, and Crip Genealogies, edited by Mel Y. Chen, Alison Kafer, Eunjung Kim, and Julie Avril Minich. As anthologies, these two publications critically consider collaboration as an organizing principle of disability studies scholarship, disability culture, and disability justice in theory and praxis. When considering Crip Authorship and Crip Genealogies in conversation against the personal and/as political backdrop of 2023 and early 2024, three areas of collaboration emerge as sites to understand the state of field within larger academic institutional structures. First, the collaborative continued engagement with Chris Bell’s (2006) critique of white disability studies by disability studies scholars working to question the aims of the field of disability studies and introduce more concrete decolonial practices to research and writing. Second, the kind of collaboration needed to produce disability studies scholarship and the ways in which scholars collaborate as research, method, and writing practice to do disability studies in theory and practice. And third, the past, present, and ongoing collaborations around ‘crip’ as a theoretical practice, keyword, and organizing term.
WISH‐BONE: Whole‐mount in situ histology, to label osteocyte mRNA and protein in 3D adult mouse bones
Authors: Meslier Quentin A. , Duerr Timothy J. , Guan Webster , Nguyen Brian , Monaghan James R. , Shefelbine Sandra J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBone is a three‐dimensional (3D) highly dynamic tissue under constant remodeling. Commonly used tools to investigate bone biology require sample digestion for biomolecule extraction or provide only two‐dimensional (2D) spatial information. There is a need for 3D tools to investigate spatially preserved biomarker expression in osteocytes. In this work, we present a new method, WISH‐BONE, to label osteocyte messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein in whole‐mount mouse bone. For mRNA labeling, we used hybridization chain reaction‐fluorescence in situ hybridization (HCR‐FISH) to label genes of interest in osteocytes. For protein labeling, samples were preserved using an epoxy‐based solution that protects tissue structure and biomolecular components. Then an enzymatic matrix permeabilization step was performed to enable antibody penetration. Immunostaining was used to label various proteins involved in bone homeostasis. We also demonstrate the use of customized fluorescent nanobodies to target and label proteins in the cortical bone (CB). However, the relatively dim signal observed from nanobodies' staining limited detection. mRNA and protein labeling were performed in separate samples. In this study, we share protocols, highlight opportunities, and identify the challenges of this novel 3D labeling method. They are the first protocols for whole‐mount osteocyte 3D labeling of mRNA and protein in mature mouse bones. WISH‐BONE will allow the investigation of molecular signaling in bone cells in their 3D environment and could be applied to various bone‐related fields of research.
Management of Physical Impairments, Activity Limitations and Participation Restrictions in Survivors of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Perspectives From Physiotherapists
Authors: Brochu Annie , Hébert Luc J. , Fiscaletti Melissa , Kairy Dahlia 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (cALL) present a high risk of long-term neuromusculoskeletal (NMSK) sequelae. Clinical guidelines for specific management of these complications are still lacking. The aim of this study is to (1) describe current physiotherapy practice with cALL survivors at one of Canada’s specialized pediatric oncology centers, (2) explore perceived optimal management of long-term NMSK sequelae by physiotherapists, and (3) identify the barriers and facilitators for its in-clinic implementation.

Methods:
This qualitative descriptive study with a focus group using a semi-structured interview guide was conducted with physiotherapists (n = 6) from one of Canada’s specialized pediatric oncology centers. We performed a hybrid analysis including both a deductive and an inductive approach using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health and Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.

Results:
Even though the participants were experts in managing NMSK sequelae in survivors of cALL, standardized management of these patients is lacking. Physiotherapists described their perceived optimal management of NMSK sequelae as systematic and interdisciplinary. Barriers (eg, relative priority and availability of resources) and facilitators (eg, relative benefit and commitment) for implementing this perceived optimal management were identified.

Conclusion:
Physiotherapy management could improve care and services offered to survivors of cALL. The identification of barriers and facilitators to best practice offers relevant potential solutions to explore in order to improve and optimize management of this patient group.
Caregiver Impressions of Bracing and Its Association With Unsuccessful Outcomes Throughout the Ponseti Treatment
Authors: Miller Andrew H. , Moisan Alice , Rhodes Leslie N. , Locke Lindsey L. , Kelly Derek M. 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Clubfoot is a common congenital foot deformity, occurring in about 1 in 1000 live births. The Ponseti method consists of weeks of manipulation and serial casting, followed by years of orthotic wear. Recurrent or relapse deformity following the Ponseti method remains a challenging problem for many patients. Many studies have attributed relapse to noncompliance with the treatment plan, particularly during the maintenance phase. Many patient risk factors have been studied and attributed to recurrent deformity, but less emphasis has been placed on aspects of the treatment method from the caregiver’s perspective.

Methods:
From 2010 to 2014, 127 patients between 1 and 354 days old who had been diagnosed with clubfoot were recruited for the parent study. At the initial visit, and each subsequent follow-up, the primary caregiver was given a questionnaire that included 21 binary belief questions exploring his or her experience with the Ponseti method. Univariate analyses were performed to find any relationship with caregiver responses and either clinical recurrence of the deformity or overall failure of treatment.

Results:
Of the recruited patients, 126 were enrolled in the parent study and 100 were able to complete the full 3-year follow-up. Patient demographics and characteristics (sex, race, family history of clubfoot, laterality, and severity of deformity) were similar. Statistical analysis of the questionnaire responses found that choosing “yes” for either “I don’t feel the braces are necessary” or “I am not comfortable with applying and removing the braces” was associated with significantly increased risk of overall failure.

Conclusions:
Gathering insight from the caregiver’s perspective can help identify barriers to treatment not recognized by the provider. Lack of comfortability with the orthosis and lack of understanding are associated with increased risk of overall failure. A better understanding of the caregiver’s perspective on barriers to treatment could help guide the Ponseti method provider’s educational efforts.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Removal of the Metaphyseal Screw From Tension Band Constructs After Hemiepiphysiodesis: High Rates of Physeal Tethering and Subsequent Implant Removal
Authors: Torrez Timothy W. , Amick Michael , Njoku Ndidi , Zhang Emily , Stephens Senah E. , Makarewich Christopher A. 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Removal of the metaphyseal screw from tension band plate constructs after correction of angular deformity in patients treated with hemiepiphysiodesis has been suggested as an alternative to removing the plate and both screws. While this has the potential benefit of easier implant removal and reinsertion in the event of rebound, there is debate in the literature regarding the benefits and risks of leaving the epiphyseal screw and plate in place.

Methods:
Patients treated with hemiepiphysiodesis at the distal femur and/or proximal tibia with tension band plates and screws who underwent subsequent removal of the metaphyseal screw after correction were included. Charts and radiographs were reviewed for the need for metaphyseal screw reinsertion, subsequent removal of deep implants, and evidence of physeal tethering. Tethering was defined as progressive overcorrection in the treated bone segment after removal of the metaphyseal screw with the mechanical axis moving one full mechanical axis zone or more. Patients with tethering were compared with those without.

Results:
A total of 215 patients with 387 limbs treated met inclusion criteria. Of those, 175 patients were treated for idiopathic genu valgum, while 40 were treated for other conditions. Fifty-nine individuals (27%) underwent replacement of the metaphyseal screw for repeat angular correction. Fifty-one percent of patients underwent secondary procedures for reasons other than metaphyseal screw reinsertion (74 symptomatic implant removal, 7 elective implant removal, 29 due to tethering). There were 44 cases of tethering in 36 patients (17%). In cases of tethering, 7 patients were treated with observation, 11 with implant removal only, 16 with hemiepiphysiodesis on the opposite side, and 2 with osteotomy. Patients with tethering were significantly younger, more likely to be male, and more likely to have had the metaphyseal screw removed more than once (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Removal of only the metaphyseal screw after hemiepiphysiodesis has high rates of tethering and further surgery for iatrogenic deformity correction and implant removal. This technique is not recommended.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III, case-control study.