bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New insights from cluster analysis methods for RNA secondary structure prediction
Authors: Rogers Emily , Heitsch Christine 
Published: March 2016

A widening gap exists between the best practices for RNA secondary structure prediction developed by computational researchers and the methods used in practice by experimentalists. Minimum free energy predictions, although broadly used, are outperformed by methods which sample from the Boltzmann distribution and data mine the results. In particular, moving beyond the single structure prediction paradigm yields substantial gains in accuracy. Furthermore, the largest improvements in accuracy and precision come from viewing secondary structures not at the base pair level but at lower granularity/higher abstraction. This suggests that random errors affecting precision and systematic ones affecting accuracy are both reduced by this ‘fuzzier’ view of secondary structures. Thus experimentalists who are willing to adopt a more rigorous, multilayered approach to secondary structure prediction by iterating through these levels of granularity will be much better able to capture fundamental aspects of RNA base pairing. WIREs RNA 2016, 7:278–294. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1334This article is categorized under:

RNA Evolution and Genomics > Computational Analyses of RNA
Inter-observer and intra-observer reliability in the radiographic diagnosis of avascular necrosis of the femoral head following reconstructive hip surgery in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Hesketh Kim , Sankar Wudbhav , Joseph Benjamin , Narayanan Unni , Mulpuri Kishore 
Published: March 2016

Purpose The incidence of avascular necrosis (AVN) following reconstructive hip surgery in cerebral palsy (CP) ranges from 0 to 69 % in the current literature. The purpose of this study was to determine the inter- and intra-observer reliability of radiographically diagnosing AVN in children with CP after hip surgery. Methods A retrospective review of 65 children with CP who had reconstructive hip surgery between 2009 and 2012 at BC Children's Hospital was completed. Anterior–posterior and lateral radiographs were presented to four pediatric orthopaedic surgeons over two rounds. Surgeons were asked to review the set of unidentified radiographs and comment ‘yes’ or ‘no’ for the presence of AVN. Two weeks later the same set of radiographs was sent in a different order and the surgeons were again asked to comment on AVN. Inter- and intra-observer reliability was determined using kappa statistics. Results The intra-observer reliability ranged from 0.65 to 0.88 with an average score of 0.76. Inter-observer reliability showed greater variability, ranging from 0.41 to 0.77 with an average score of 0.56 across all surgeons. Conclusions Although the intra-rater reliability produced a strength of “good” and the inter-rater reliability a strength of “moderate” agreement, the variability within these scores is clinically important as it demonstrates the difficulty in identifying AVN. This may explain the variability in AVN that is reported in the literature. The need for further education and research in the diagnosis of AVN in children with CP who have undergone reconstructive hip surgery is clinically necessary.
Dural Reduction Surgery: A Treatment Option for Frontotemporal Brain Sagging Syndrome
Authors: Mostofi Emily , Schievink Wouter I. , Sim Valerie L. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractFrontotemporal brain sagging syndrome is a dementia associated with hypersomnolence, personality changes, and features of intracranial hypotension on magnetic resonance imaging. The literature is sparse with respect to treatment options; many patients simply worsen. We present a case in which this syndrome responded to lumbar dural reduction surgery. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging indicated normalization of brain sagging and lumbar intrathecal pressure. Although no evidence of cerebrospinal leak was found, extremely thin dura was noted intraoperatively, suggesting that a thin and incompetent dura could result in this low-pressure syndrome. Clinicians who encounter this syndrome should consider dural reduction surgery as a treatment strategy.
Agreement between an online dietary assessment tool (myfood24) and an interviewer-administered 24-h dietary recall in British adolescents aged 11–18 years
Authors: Albar Salwa A. , Alwan Nisreen A. , Evans Charlotte E. L. , Greenwood Darren C. , Cade Janet E. 
Published: March 2016

Abstractmyfood24 Is an online 24-h dietary assessment tool developed for use among British adolescents and adults. Limited information is available regarding the validity of using new technology in assessing nutritional intake among adolescents. Thus, a relative validation of myfood24 against a face-to-face interviewer-administered 24-h multiple-pass recall (MPR) was conducted among seventy-five British adolescents aged 11–18 years. Participants were asked to complete myfood24 and an interviewer-administered MPR on the same day for 2 non-consecutive days at school. Total energy intake (EI) and nutrients recorded by the two methods were compared using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), Bland–Altman plots (using between and within-individual information) and weighted κ to assess the agreement. Energy, macronutrients and other reported nutrients from myfood24 demonstrated strong agreement with the interview MPR data, and ICC ranged from 0·46 for Na to 0·88 for EI. There was no significant bias between the two methods for EI, macronutrients and most reported nutrients. The mean difference between myfood24 and the interviewer-administered MPR for EI was −230 kJ (−55 kcal) (95 % CI −490, 30 kJ (−117, 7 kcal); P=0·4) with limits of agreement ranging between 39 % (3336 kJ (−797 kcal)) lower and 34 % (2874 kJ (687 kcal)) higher than the interviewer-administered MPR. There was good agreement in terms of classifying adolescents into tertiles of EI (κw=0·64). The agreement between day 1 and day 2 was as good for myfood24 as for the interviewer-administered MPR, reflecting the reliability of myfood24. myfood24 Has the potential to collect dietary data of comparable quality with that of an interviewer-administered MPR.
Reflections on the Constitutional Regulation of Property and Land Rights under the 2013 Zimbabwean Constitution
Authors: Tsabora James 
Published: March 2016

AbstractProperty rights discourse, particularly the scope, nature, distribution, redistribution, recognition and protection of property rights, has dominated debate in African post-colonial property rights systems. In Zimbabwe, property rights law has been a contested space since the colonial era. That the property rights system is a contested arena is particularly so in view of the fact that colonial subjugation in Zimbabwe was characterized, in a very important way, by politically motivated land dispossession and, consequently, inequitable property rights distribution patterns. As a result, Zimbabwe's property rights law has always responded to mainstream, albeit fluid, political and economic undercurrents. This has meant that mainstream historical and contemporary debates have provided the context for understanding the constitutional regulation of property and land rights in Zimbabwe. This article assesses the constitutional regulation of constitutional property and land rights in Zimbabwe, and the conflicts and tension that are accommodated in the constitutional property rights framework.
VALIDITY OF USING WAIST AND HIP CIRCUMFERENCE MEASUREMENTS TO DETERMINE BODY COMPOSITION OF YOUNG SYRIAN MEN
Authors: Al-Bachir Mahfouz , Ahmad Husam 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThis study examined the relation between waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHpR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and triceps skin-fold thickness and percentage body fat in young Syrian men. The aim was to develop equations that can use these anthropometric characteristics to estimate percentage body fat in this group of subjects. A total of 2470 healthy Syrian men aged 18–19 years were enrolled in the study in 2010–2011. The anthropometric characteristics of all subjects were measured. The percentage body fat of 213 of the subjects was determined using the deuterium dilution (DD) technique as a reference method. The validity of using WC, HC, WHpR and WHtR to calculate percentage body fat, in comparison with the reference method (DD technique), was assessed by calculating biases and limits of agreement. The estimates of percentage body fat using ‘WC’ and ‘WC with triceps skin-fold’ measurements ranged from 13.00±5.56% to 14.55±8.63%, and were lower than those determined using the reference method (21.32±6.42%). A better prediction equation is proposed for young adults, based on a multiple linear regression model using WC, HC and WHtR.
Pulmonary embolism secondary to clozapine therapy
Authors: ul-Haq Anwar , Holland Edmond 
Published: March 2016

AbstractClozapine is an atypical antipsychotic indicated for paranoid schizophrenia (treatment resistant type). However its use has been limited by the well established association with neutropenia and agranulocytosis. It has also been suggested that clozapine therapy is associated with other serious adverse effects such as fatal myocarditis or cardiomyopathy.
Medication adherence and knowledge in older patients
Authors: Cahill Richard , O'Loughlin Kieron , Swanwick Gregory , Bhriain Siobhan Ni 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectives: To assess the degree to which a sample of older individuals – who are engaged with psychiatric services – are knowledgeable about their medication and the reason for its prescription; to assess the degree to which these patients adhere to what is prescribed.Methods: Convenience sample of 24 patients over 65 years old, under the care of psychiatric services for Later Life, included. Patients who scored < 23 on Mini-mental State Examination were excluded. A questionnaire was administered which evaluated patients' knowledge of the names of, and reasons for, all prescription medications. Adherence rates were measured. Comparisons were made regarding to self-reported adherence rates and medication knowledge. These were based on diagnosis, age, number of medications prescribed and the presence or absence of sensory impairment.Results: The median percentage of medication names recalled was 60%. A total of 25% of patients reported having some problem with adherence. No patient with a diagnosis of dementia was able to recall the names of, or reasons for, all medications prescribed. Patients with depression and dementia were as likely to be fully adherent as the total sample. Patients (a) aged 78 years or more and (b) those who were on more than six medications – were less knowledgeable about and less likely to adhere to prescribed drug regimens. We did not identify an association between reduced visual acuity and reduced medication adherenceConclusion: Patients require ongoing education concerning all aspects of medication, especially the reasons for prescription. Older patients and those receiving more complex regimens may be at particular risk of adherence problems.
Analysis of prescribing practices in an acute psychiatric ward
Authors: Tully John , Park Elizabeth , Dunne Allison , Murray Ivan T , McDonald Colm , Hallahan Brian P 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectives: Prescription writing is a basic clinical skill for all doctors; however, errors in prescriptions are frequent and can result in significant harm to patients both from sub-therapeutic dosages and from over prescribing. This study examines the prescribing practices of ‘as required’ medications in an acute psychiatric inpatient unit attached to a university teaching hospital.Method: A clinical audit was conducted to examine both prescribing practices of ‘as required’ medication and recording of ‘as required’ medication in nursing notes. A series of educational interventions were undertaken in an attempt to improve prescribing practices in relation to ‘as required’ medication and two further audits were completed to assess any change in practice and whether such changes were sustained.Results: Psycho-education led to an improvement in a number of prescribing practices, including increased generic prescribing, improved documentation of indications for medication administration and increased writing of medication dosages in acceptable abbreviations. These benefits were maintained four months after the education interventions. Rates of documenting the frequency of medication correctly and recording the administration of medication in nursing notes remained low.Conclusion: Our audit cycle clearly demonstrates that education can ameliorate prescribing practices and these improvements were maintained four months after education was delivered. However some aspects of prescribing practice remained deficient, and more focused educational interventions are required in these areas.
Treatment considerations in clozapine induced enuresis or incontinence
Authors: Apantaku-Olajide Tunde D. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAntipsychotic related urinary symptoms are recognised and they remain a potential treatment-limiting sideeffect of clozapine. This article reports the incidence and management of two cases of clozapine-associated incontinence in psychiatrically stable patients. Both cases occurred during treatment and appear to have a similar pathophysiology, which may be related to the atypical nature of clozapine therapy. We searched the PubMed and MEDLINE databases for articles published from 1980 to 2008 that contain the keywords 'clozapine and enuresis, ‘clozapine and incontinence,’ ‘clozapine and seizures’. We also manually searched the bibliographies of these articles for related sources, and explored the reported treatment options to this side-effect of clozapine therapy. Both patients gave an informed consent.
Stress in an Irish inner city emergency department revisited (2000-2006)
Authors: Breslin Tomás , McInerney John , Sheehan John , Natin Dominick , Codd Mary 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectives:Stress levels among staff in the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital Emergency Department were studied by questionnaire in 2000, which demonstrated a high level of self reported stress. The aim of this study was to ascertain if stress levels had reduced following changes in the department.Method:The study was repeated using the same questionnaire in 2006, after changes had occurred.Results:There was a significant reduction in the percentage of staff that reported they were under severe or unbearable stress, from 37% in 2000 to 10% in 2006 (p = 0.002). A total of 60% felt the social environment of their work was satisfactory in 2006 compared to 40% in 2000 (p = 0.03). Compared to 2000, a significantly lower proportion reported they had a low degree of control over their job, and a significantly higher proportion reported a medium level of control over their job in 2006 (p = 0.03).Conclusions:Compared with the results of the previous study, reported stress levels have reduced overall, which coincided with a significant increase in staffing levels in the department.
A potential model for primary care mental health services in Ireland
Authors: Kierans Joanne , Byrne Michael 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectives:A high demand for the inclusion of psychosocial interventions for primary care mental health presentations has become more apparent in recent years. Current policies have proposed models of care highlighting principles required for a quality service. However, implementation has been slow to date. This article aims to inform the current debate relating to primary care service delivery models for mental health presentations and to contribute towards future planning initiatives.Method:A narrative review of a range of policies and selected articles relevant to primary care mental health in an Irish context.Results:The search produced four distinct themes: current service provision in Ireland; stakeholders' views; psychological care options; and potential service structures. Thereafter, a potential service delivery model is proposed. This formulated model employs a combination of elements from the reviewed themes to provide a clinically- and cost-effective, equitable and accessible service driven by service user and carer input.Conclusions:Although this review was selective in nature, the proposed potential model can complement future research agendas for more favourable primary care practice in Ireland. Recommendations are made for the planning of services including policy implementation procedures, training and communication.
Toxicity of lofepramine and fluvoxamine in heart disease
Authors: Cooney Colm , Barber Mark 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTherapeutic doses of lofepramine and fluvoxamine were associated with the development of first degree and second degree heart block, respectively, in an 83 year old man with a normal ECG prior to treatment and with no history of cardiovascular disease. Caution is recommended in treating patients with newer generation antidepressants, even in cases where cardiac status appears normal prior to treatment.
Attendance at child psychiatry new patient clinics
Authors: Munjal Arun , Latimer Mark , McCune Noel 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjective: An audit of referrals to a child psychiatry clinic is described. The process of asking families to confirm appointments and offering appointments to other families if no confirmation is received was analysed.Method: Referral information on those refusing appointments offered, whether by declining the offer or by default, was compared with that of families attending first appointments.Results: Longer waiting times and referral for treatment as opposed to assessment or advice were associated with higher likelihood of appointment refusalConclusion: The referral process resulted in a reduction in wasted professional time.
The psychiatrist in primary care: let's look before we leap
Authors: Phelan Darra 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjective: Irish psychiatrists may begin to spend, as their British have counterparts have, at least some of their time delivering a psychiatric service from primary care settings. It was therefore decided to review the origins and development of attitudes towards and outcome this practice in Britain.Method: A literature search and review of relevant papers was undertaken.Results: Collaboration between psychiatrists and general practitioners began to expand significantly in the 1970s and 1980s. Three main models are used, the shifted outpatient model, the selected consultation model and the liaison-attachment team model. The shifted out-patient model is liked by patients whose attendance rate is better at such clinics and in some areas this model has resulted in a fall in hospital admission rates. There is a paucity of papers examining outcome of the other models. Results of the one extensively studied team liaison approach reports higher treated prevalence rates and lower admission rates for those patients referred. There was no effect on detection of illness by GPs and the service was much more costly.Conclusions: While some benefits may result from use of the shifted out-patient approach, they are not compelling enough to enable a firm recommendation for its widespread implementation to be made. The results to date suggest the team-liaison approach does not produce benefits sufficient to outweigh the increased cost. The selected consultation model may hold greater potential but needs to be more extensively researched. Finally the structure of general practice in Ireland, with so few GPs working in multiple partner practices makes it highly unlikely that the widespread introduction of collaboration will be feasible.
Trends in suicide in Northern Ireland 1922-1992
Authors: McCrea Paul H 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjective: The trends in suicide in Northern Ireland over a 70 year period were examined with respect to sex, age and method used, and then compared with rates of unemployment and homicide.Method: The records in the office of the registrar general in Belfast were examined to obtain data. Unemployment figures were obtained from the Department of Economic Development.Results: Suicide is increasing in Northern Ireland and particularly in young men (aged 34 and under). There is a relation to unemployment although it is not felt to be directly causal. Men prefer more violent methods although vehicle exhaust gas is popular. A large number of women still choose drowning.Conclusions: Despite all initiatives, the suicide rate is increasing in Northern Ireland, in common with many European countries. It represents a major health care issue. Measures of a social or political nature may have more effect than health care advances in reducing the rate of suicide.
The psychiatric presentation of a cerebellopontine angle tumour
Authors: Ball Chris 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA 54 year old woman presenting to the psychiatric services with persecutory delusions, complex visual hallucinations and fluctuating levels of consciousness was discovered to have a meningioma occupying the cerebellopontine angle. The psychiatric symptomatology of cerebellopontine angle lesions is reviewed and the pathogenic mechanisms are explored in the light of the symptomatology observed.
A study of general practitioner needs of a new child psychiatric service
Authors: Adamson Neil , Killelea Deirdre 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectives: General practitioners were surveyed by questionnaire for their opinions on their needs and usage of a new child psychiatric service in the Midwestern Health Board.Methods: The questionnaire was returned by 72% of GPs. Their practices included inner city, new towns, country town, and rural communities.Results: It was found that 160 children were awaiting referral to the new service of which the most prominent presenting problems were hyperactivity, learning difficulties, enuresis, poor parenting skills, dysfunctional families, anorexia/eating disorders and psychosomatic problems. Primary school children required more frequent referral than secondary school children. GPs appreciated telephone access to the psychiatrist and for the service to be available for emergencies. A few GPs requested discussion meetings following referral. Most GPs were satisfied with any member of the multi-disciplinary child psychiatric team assessing the children.Conclusions: This study was a useful method of assessing the numbers and nature of problems which might present to a new child psychiatric service in order that staff and treatment programmes could be organised. Results suggest that further research is necessary.
The attitude of general practitioners in North-West England to patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Holden John 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectives: The closure of long-stay mental hospitals has led to more patients with psychoses being cared for in the community. Although surveys have been conducted in the London area, little is known about the attitudes of general practitioners in provincial parts of the United Kingdom towards schizophrenic patients and their care.Methods: A questionnaire was sent to all general practitioners in the St Helens area in north-west England.Results: 94 doctors replied, 53% of those circulated. Only a minority consider that such patients cause them a great deal of work. Problems with medication were cited most often as causing difficulties for the general practitioners. Psychiatrists were considered to be the group with whom the general practitioners had the best communication, but also where they wished communication to improve further. Despite the shift towards community care, there was no clear trend in the amount of work created by schizophrenic patients perceived here.Conclusions: Only a minority of those doctors surveyed found that schizophrenic patients cause them an undue burden of work. Perhaps developments in community based psychiatric services should be directed first at those general practitioners who report excessive problems from patients with long-term mental health problems.