bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Resolution Köppen‐Geiger Climate Zones of Türkiye
Authors: Taşoğlu Enes , Öztürk Muhammed Zeynel , Yazıcı Öznur 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe Köppen‐Geiger (K‐G) climate classification is the most commonly used climate classification method in the world, and there are many K‐G climate classification studies focusing on Türkiye using different datasets. However, the differences in the datasets used in these studies lead to substantial differences and errors in K‐G climate zone maps. The differences and disagreements in these maps also cause significant discrepancies in climate studies. In this respect, accurate identification of climate classes and types is very important for understanding the distribution of climate types and for many climate‐based studies to achieve accurate results. In this study, the K‐G climate types of Türkiye and the regime characteristics of these climate types were determined using the CHELSA dataset corrected based on the measurements of 337 meteorological stations. According to the results that were obtained, 14 climate types were identified in Türkiye. Since the CHELSA dataset reflected topographic conditions well, many microclimates were identified within broad areas of climate types. The distribution of the microclimate types was compared to the distribution of the vegetation, and the accuracy of the results was evaluated. Apart from microclimates, other prominent features of this study were the co‐occurrence of multiple climate types in a limited area in the Eastern Black Sea Region and the detection of the EF climate type for the first time at the summit of Mount Ararat. Climate types vary according to altitude conditions, and temperature changes due to altitude are an important factor in the formation of climate sub‐types within the same main climate type in Türkiye.
Relationship of Modified Sleep Apnea Severity Index and HGNS Efficacy and Adherence in OSA Patients
Authors: Kaki Praneet C. , Molin Nicole , Goldfarb Jennifer A. , Kaffenberger Thomas M. , Creighton Erin , Boon Maurits , Huntley Colin 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivesHypoglossal nerve stimulation (HGNS) is a treatment option for patients with CPAP‐intolerant (CPAPi) obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The modified sleep apnea severity index (mSASI) combines patient anatomy, weight, sleep study metrics, and symptoms into a composite index ranging from 1 (least severe) to 3 (most severe). Prior studies have associated mSASI with quality of life, CPAP adherence, and hypertension, but its utility in CPAPi patients is unknown. We evaluate the relationship between mSASI, HGNS efficacy, and adherence.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of consecutive CPAPi OSA patients who underwent HGNS from 2014 to 2023. Patients were included if data were available to calculate preoperative mSASI and postoperative HGNS adherence/efficacy. Kruskal–Wallis rank‐sum, Fisher's exact, and Chi‐squared tests were performed.Results264 patients were included (mean age = 61.3 years, 95% White, 66% Male). Preoperatively, 168 (64%) patients had mSASI of 1, 81 (31%) mSASI = 2, and 15 (5.7%) mSASI = 3. At 3 months post‐op, patients with baseline mSASI of 1, 2, and 3 showed 6.72, 6.39, and 5.88 hours/night of device usage (p = 0.4). This pattern persisted, although showing no significance, at 6 months, 12 months, and most recent follow‐up. There were similar reductions in Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) across cohorts, with the mSASI3 group having the highest ESS postoperatively (p < 0.01). Sher15 response was similar between cohorts (mSASI1 = 52%, mSASI2 = 40%, mSASI3 = 25%, p = 0.2).ConclusionPreoperative mSASI was not significantly correlated with HGNS adherence. Higher baseline mSASI was associated with greater postoperative daytime sleepiness. Further study is needed to evaluate mSASI as a tool within this population.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 135:1212–1217, 2025
Influence of Mixed Solvent in the Morphology and Hydrophobicity of Electrospun Polystyrene Porous Fibers
Authors: Melo Guilherme Henrique França , Sundararaj Uttandaraman 
Published: September 2024

AbstractElectrospun polystyrene (PS) fibers are produced using a mixed solvent of chloroform and n,n‐dimethylformamide (DMF) to investigate the influence of the solvent ratio on the fiber surface morphology and contact angle of the obtained mats. Electrospinning is a simple processing technique for producing fibers with diameters in the range of nanometers to a few micrometers. When using the different solvent ratios for this process, porous PS membranes are created due to nonsolvent and thermally induced phase separation (N‐TIPS). The morphology of the fibers is analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which showed that fibers have diameters between 200 nm and 6 µm. SEM also revealed that the pores present on the surface of the fibers vary from densely compacted and well‐formed nanopores with diameters in the range of 20–50 nm to larger pores with sizes of ≈100–200 nm. The pore size varied with different solvent ratios. The surface area is analyzed using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method and found that the polymeric fibers have a high surface area (≈35 m2 g−1). The fibers with such morphology are highly hydrophobic, with a contact angle higher than 143°. These materials are excellent candidates for applications in textiles, filtration, and biomedical fields.
Unearthing the impact of earthquakes: A review of economic and social consequences
Authors: Aksoy Cevat Giray , Chupilkin Maxim , Koczan Zsoka , Plekhanov Alexander 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to offer a comprehensive overview of the socioeconomic effects of earthquakes. We begin with a thorough literature review. Following this, we assess policy measures taken in response to major earthquakes, drawing on existing research to formulate insights and recommendations that policymakers can use to effectively navigate the risks in the aftermath of such disasters. In addition to reviewing the literature and analyzing policy interventions, we conduct an in‐depth examination of the economic repercussions of earthquakes. Our analysis utilizes data from around 80 significant earthquakes across more than 30 countries. The findings indicate that, while the overall effect of major earthquakes on GDP per capita is generally small, the impact on fiscal accounts can be substantial, although this varies significantly between economies. External trade balances tend to weaken, with a considerable decrease in exports and an ambiguous effect on imports.
Organic reinforcement of an ethylene propylene diene monomer with the in situ synthesis of a polyimide dispersed phase by reactive extrusion
Authors: Dubois Charlotte , Delage Karim , Alcouffe Pierre , Garois Nicolas , Marestin Catherine , Bounor‐Legaré Véronique , Cassagnau Philippe 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEthylene‐propylene‐diene monomer rubber, grafted with maleic anhydride functions (EPDM‐g‐MA) was organically reinforced by reactive extrusion from the in situ synthesis of a polyimide (PI) phase. The blends were reactively processed at 200°C in a twin‐screw extruder, with the PI content varying from 5 to 40 wt%. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) revealed a very fine nodular dispersion of the PI phase with diameters ranging from 130 to 240 nm depending on the PI concentration. The reinforcement of the elastomer was evidenced with a sharp increase of the Young's modulus and the tensile strength, and the stiffness of the material was further increased with the PI content. The linear viscoelastic regime, as measured by the variation in storage modulus as a function of strain, was unaffected by this organic reinforcement, thus opening up an original way of controlling the Payne effect. Additionally, the cross‐linking of the blend with 20 wt% of PI with dicumyl peroxide (DCP) showed that the PI phase did not impact the creation of the cross‐linked network. The decrease of the swelling ratio and the improvement of the elastic recovery suggested that EPDM‐g‐PI copolymers can create a second network in the material, resulting in a higher apparent cross‐linking density. The mechanical properties of the cured blend showed a doubling of the Young's modulus and maximal stress values compared to those obtained for the pure matrix as well as a constant strain at break.Highlights
Ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer rubber, grafted with maleic anhydride functions (EPDM‐g‐MA) was organically reinforced by reactive extrusion.
The reinforcement was obtained from the in situ synthesis of a polyimide (PI) phase.
The Young's modulus of cross‐linked EPDM containing 20 wt% PI was doubled.
The linear viscoelastic regime was unaffected by this organic reinforcement.
This original way of reinforcement opens the control of the Payne effect.
Lifestyle migrants as Eliasian ‘outsiders’: The case of Swedish emigrants to Portugal
Authors: Candeias Pedro , Rauhut Daniel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper discusses the emigration process by the Swedes permanently residing in Portugal and their emotional ties to the Swedish society. The focus is on those who have no ambition nor desire to keep up any ties with Sweden after they have emigrated to Portugal. Hitherto, the non‐intention to return is, both empirically and theoretically, underexplored in migration research. To enrich the conceptual framework, we incorporate Hirschmann's theory on loyalty, voice, and exit with Elias's established/outsider‐theory. The findings suggest that many of the Swedes in Portugal with no intentions to return were Eliasian ‘outsiders’ before leaving Sweden. We conclude that all lifestyle migrants do not migrate to'practice privilege’ or'self‐fulfilment’, partly contesting what is known about lifestyle migrations associated with European north‐south migrations; some have done a Hirschmann ‘exit’, left their native country and try to prosper somewhere else. The added value of this paper is its potential to explain why emigrants choose not to maintain ties with their country of origin.
Rice Husk Derived Activated Carbon‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Coumarin Derivatives: Study of Anti‐Cancer Activity
Authors: Patel Geetika , Patel Ashok Raj , Kahar Namrata , Kumar Manish , Das Utpal , Seth Rohit , Banerjee Subhash 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHerein, we report the fabrication of biomass rice husk‐derived chemically activated carbon (RCAC) sheets which are self‐assembled to 2D hollow porous materials and demonstrated their catalytic efficiency in the domino Knoevenagel−Michael addition reaction for the synthesis of various bio‐active coumarin derivatives in excellent yields under metal‐free conditions mild reaction conditions. Particularly, we have illustrated a facile, eco‐friendly, economical, and sustainable method for the synthesis of bis‐(4‐hydroxycoumarin)methanes, bis‐dimedones, and 4‐hydroxy‐3‐thiomethylcoumarins, via three‐component reactions of 4‐hydroxy coumarin/demedone, aldehydes and or thiophenols. Moreover, the Michael addition of 4‐hydroxy coumarin and chalcone derivatives leading to the synthesis of warfarin derivatives has also been demonstrated using RCAC as a catalyst. The cytotoxicity potential has been performed against human liver cancer cell line Hep‐G2 cancer cells for all the synthesized products by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. The cytotoxicity study against Hep‐G2 results indicates that all compounds are capable of killing the liver cancer cell line. The most potent anti‐proliferative activity was observed in compounds 3 g, 5 b, 5 c, 5 a, and 9 b against liver cancer cells.
Structural changes at dental tissue interfaces characterized by energy‐dispersive resonant inelastic X‐ray scattering and FTIR techniques
Authors: Sánchez H. J. , Leani J. J. , Robledo J. I. , Grenón M. , Marcelli A. , Migliori A. , Wang Yuying , Qi Zeming 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEnergy‐dispersive inelastic X‐ray scattering (EDIXS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to study hard dental tissues like dentine, enamel, and cementum in several human dental pieces of adult individuals. Analysis of linear paths crossing different interfaces were carried out. These different techniques provide specific information that allows a combined interpretation of the results as well as a comparison of performances of both methodologies. The EDIXS analysis was focused on the calcium absorption edge because this major element has a fundamental role in the formation of the calcium phosphate structure. Regarding FTIR, the investigation focused on the study of ν1, ν3, and ν4 vibrational modes of hydroxyapatite. The ν1, ν3, and ν4 vibrational modes of hydroxyapatite are related to the vibrations of the phosphate (PO43‐) ion. Specifically, ν1 corresponds to the symmetric stretching vibration, ν3 is the asymmetric stretching vibration, and ν4 is the bending vibration of the phosphate ion. The results allowed us to infer a correlation between the variations observed in EDIXS and the ν3 vibrational mode measured with FTIR. This correlation between inelastic X‐ray scattering and FTIR spectroscopy offers a more comprehensive characterization of hydroxyapatite parameters. Furthermore, it establishes a complementary technique for the structural characterization of dental tissues.
Immunologische Aspekte und Stressregulation bei Fatigue
Authors: Peters Eva Milena Johanne 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungFatigue ist ein Begriff, der eine körperliche messbare, meist muskuläre oder eine empfundene Erschöpfung beschreibt. Fatigue als Zustand wird bei einer breiten Palette langfristiger Belastungen beobachtet, wie etwa bei chronisch infektiösen, autoimmunen oder Krebserkrankungen, sowie bei psychischen Störungen. In diesem Artikel wird ein Überblick zu den bislang bekannten biopsychosozialen Zusammenhängen zwischen Fatigue, psychosozialer Belastung, Stress- und Immunantwort gegeben. Es wird herausgearbeitet, wie chronische Entzündungsprozesse und Stress bei Fatigue interagieren und für welche therapeutischen Ansätze bislang Evidenz vorliegt.Gemäß dem aktuellen psychoneuroimmunologischen Wissensstand und dem biopsychosozialen Modell können sowohl hohe körperliche und als auch psychosoziale Belastungen in einer neuroendokrin-immunologischen Dysregulation konvergieren. Die Fatigue-Symptomatik korrespondiert nach diesem Modell mit einer chronisch überaktivierten angeborenen Immunantwort. Bei chronischer Immunaktivierung wird zudem eine Fehlaktivierung der erlernten Immunantwort begünstigt, die von (Auto‑)Antikörperproduktion und hyperaktivierten T‑Lymphozyten dominiert wird. Patient*innen, die von Fatigue berichten, weisen jedoch nicht notwendigerweise immunologische Dysregulationen auf. Hier besteht aktuell Forschungs- und Aufklärungsbedarf, um Subpopulationen von Patient*innen und spezifisch zugeschnittene Behandlungskonzepte zu identifizieren.
Psychisch kranke Bürgerinnen und Bürger als Opfer von Eingriffen in körperliche Unversehrtheit und Vernichtung in der NS-Zeit am Beispiel einer deutschen Stadt
Authors: Rose Beatrice , Schulz Jörg-Stefan , Sundermann Eckhard , Mavrogiorgou Paraskevi , Juckel Georg 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Auch 90 Jahre nach nationalsozialistischer Machtergreifung und Beginn des dunkelsten Kapitels deutscher Psychiatriegeschichte bleibt die Auseinandersetzung mit der medizinhistorischen Vergangenheit als kontinuierliche ärztliche Verantwortung von großer Relevanz. Die Eingriffe in das Leben psychisch kranker Menschen durch das nationalsozialistische Regime sind zwar ein fest etablierter Bestandteil der medizinhistorischen Forschung; über die genauen Vorgänge in einer konkreten Region mit ihren betroffenen Bürgerinnen und Bürgern ist jedoch bisher wenig bekannt.

Ziel der Untersuchung
Ziel dieser Untersuchung war es daher, Verlegungsrouten der „Euthanasie“-Transporte und Sterbeorte der Bochumer Opfer sowie Patientencharakteristika der Betroffenen zu identifizieren.

Material und Methoden
Zum untersuchten Zeitpunkt erfolgte die stationäre Versorgung psychisch kranker Patientinnen und Patienten aus dem Raum Westfalen in sieben Provinzialanstalten. In Bochum gab es damals keine psychiatrische Klinik, sodass die Patientinnen und Patienten auf diese Anstalten verteilt wurden. Die Basis dieser Untersuchung bildeten die Verlegungslisten der westfälischen Provinzialanstalten in die Euthanasie-Anstalten.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion
Es wurden insgesamt 366 Bochumer Bürgerinnen und Bürger identifiziert, die von „Euthanasie“-Verlegungen betroffen waren. Die Transportlisten wurden durch Aufnahme- und Abgangsbücher, Sterbelisten sowie Patientenakten verifiziert. Mithilfe der Erbgesundheitsakten des Stadtarchivs konnten die verlegten Bochumer Patienten daraufhin untersucht werden, ob sie Opfer einer Zwangssterilisation wurden. Das Untersuchungsprojekt war durch die DGPPN-Wanderausstellung zur T4-Aktion angestoßen worden und ist Teil des Bochumer Stolpersteinprojekts.
Laboratory Tests of Strain Burst in Boreholes of Four Types of Rocks Under Biaxial Loading
Authors: Shi Lei , Li Charlie C. , Zhang Xiwei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBiaxial compression tests were carried out on four types of rocks to investigate the relationship between the magnitude of strain burst and the intrinsic burst energy of the rock. The specimens were in the shape of cube with a circular hole in the center. They were loaded by σ1 and σ2 in the plane perpendicular to the hole axis. Under such a loading condition, V-notches were generated in the sidewalls of the hole of all specimens. However, the failure process was different in hard and soft rocks. Strain burst occurred in the hard and strong Jinzhou and Guangxi granites, while the failure was progressive spalling in the relatively soft and weak Beishan granite and Shandong sandstone. Back-calculations to some of the ejected debris in the Guangxi granite specimens showed that the ejection velocity varied from 2.33 to 4.75 m/s which was consistent with the ejection velocity of 2.98 m/s estimated from the intrinsic burst energy of the rock. The numerical modeling indicated that the rock surrounding the burst pit contributed little energy in a strain burst event. Both experiments and numerical modeling confirm that the magnitude of a strain burst is mainly attributed to the intrinsic burst energy of the rock. Based on the numerical modeling, the minimum side length of the cubic specimen must be four times the hole diameter such that the deviation of the stress distribution in the specimen is negligibly small from the analytical solutions in an infinite mass.
CMN: a co-designed neural architecture search for efficient computing-in-memory-based mixture-of-experts
Authors: Han Shihao , Liu Sishuo , Du Shucheng , Li Mingzi , Ye Zijian , Xu Xiaoxin , Li Yi , Wang Zhongrui , Shang Dashan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) has experienced substantial advancements recently, notably with the advent of large-scale language models (LLMs) employing mixture-of-experts (MoE) techniques, exhibiting human-like cognitive skills. As a promising hardware solution for edge MoE implementations, the computing-in-memory (CIM) architecture collocates memory and computing within a single device, significantly reducing the data movement and the associated energy consumption. However, due to diverse edge application scenarios and constraints, determining the optimal network structures for MoE, such as the expert’s location, quantity, and dimension on CIM systems remains elusive. To this end, we introduce a software-hardware co-designed neural architecture search (NAS) framework, CIM-based MoE NAS (CMN), focusing on identifying a high-performing MoE structure under specific hardware constraints. The results of the NYUD-v2 dataset segmentation on the RRAM (SRAM) CIM system reveal that CMN can discover optimized MoE configurations under energy, latency, and performance constraints, achieving 29.67× (43.10×) energy savings, 175.44×(109.89×) speedup, and 12.24× smaller model size compared to the baseline MoE-enabled Visual Transformer, respectively. This co-design opens up an avenue toward high-performance MoE deployments in edge CIM systems.
Cross-cultural Invariance of the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short-Form (IGDS9-SF) in Seven Latin American Countries
Authors: Blandón-Castaño John Alexander , Puerta-Cortés Diana Ximena , Carmona Arnau , Ivern Jan , Vilca Lindsey W. , Carbonell Xavier , Caycho-Rodríguez Tomás 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDue to the growing increase of online video gamers and the possible psychosocial consequences of excessive gaming, it is important to validate reliable and culturally sensitive diagnostic tools. This study aims to assess the cross-cultural invariance of the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale (IGDS9-SF) which was adapted to measure IGD exclusively in League of Legends (LoL), across seven Latin American countries. In the sample of 12,972 LoL players, the factor structure, invariance, and validity of the Latin American version are examined. The results revealed a better fit and reliability and construct validity when item eight was excluded; this model showed factorial invariance by country, sex, server, and game modality. In conclusion, the study provides empirical evidence that determines the applicability of the eight-item version of the IGDS9-SF in various contexts, its usefulness in assessing the severity of Internet gaming disorder, and adverse health effects in Latin American LoL players.
Naming and shaming in UN treaty bodies: Individual petitions’ effect on human rights
Authors: Schoner Rachel J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCan individual participation in international legal institutions affect state behavior? Much of the existing literature believes that international law has a limited effect in the countries where it’s needed the most, especially in the absence of enforcement mechanisms. Focused on repressive regimes, this paper analyzes petitions (complaints) filed by victims of human rights abuse in United Nations human rights treaty bodies. As a form of naming and shaming, I theorize that violation decisions– in which a monitoring body confirms a treaty violation– may improve human rights when paired with civil society organizations that publicize the decisions. Leveraging a new dataset, I find that governments improve respect for the most severe abuses involving bodily harm immediately after violation decisions. In support of the theory, these short-lived effects are driven by petitions where civil society actors are listed as representation. This work improves our understanding of the role of non-state actors in global politics and compliance with international institutions. International organizations can, under certain conditions, provide information on non-compliance that sufficiently pressures governments to change domestic practices and decrease repression.