bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Seeds of Policy Change: Leveraging Diffusion to Disseminate Policy Innovations
Authors: Boehmke Frederick J. , Rury Abigail Matthews , Desmarais Bruce A. , Harden Jeffrey J. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
We conduct a series of simulations to compare how various strategies for seeding a policy in the American states affect the rate at which that policy spreads. Using empirically derived parameters of the policy diffusion process, we simulate the diffusion of a hypothetical policy after seeding the policy in just a handful of states. We compare these strategies to seeding the ten states the RWJF monitored during the states' implementation of the Affordable Care Act of 2010. We attempt to mimic the choices that policy advocates make when deciding which states to target with their resources. Our results indicate that focusing on innovative states, that is, those that tend to adopt new policies faster, offers a valuable boost in the speed of diffusion. Even better, though, is a strategy that targets policy leaders.
Evolutionary relations and population differentiation of Acipenser gueldenstaedtii Brandt, Acipenser persicus Borodin, and Acipenser baerii Brandt
Authors: Sergeev Alexey A. 
Published: December 2016

Russian ( Acipenser gueldenstaedtii), Persian ( A. persicus) and Siberian ( A. baerii) sturgeons are closely related ‘Ponto-Caspian’ species. Investigation of their population structure is an important problem, the solution of which determines measures for conservation of these species. According to previous studies, ‘baerii-like’ mitochondrial genotypes were found in the Caspian Sea among 35% of Russian sturgeon specimens, but were not found in Persian sturgeons. This confirms genetic isolation of the Persian sturgeon from the Russian sturgeon in the Caspian Sea. However, in order to clarify the relationships of these species it is necessary to analyze nuclear DNA markers. The amplified fragment length polymorphism (method) allows estimating interpopulation and interspecific genetic distances using nuclear DNA markers. In the present study, four samples were compared: Persian sturgeons from the South Caspian Sea, Russian sturgeons from the Caspian Sea and the Sea of Azov, and Siberian sturgeons from the Ob’ River, which are close to the latter two species, but are also clearly morphologically and genetically distinct from them. For the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) method, eight pairs of selective primers were used. The analysis revealed that the Siberian sturgeon has formed a separate branch from the overall Persian-Russian sturgeons cluster, which was an expected result. In addition, the results showed that the Caspian Russian sturgeon is closer to the Persian sturgeon from the Caspian Sea than to the Russian Sturgeon from the Sea of Azov. The present DNA marker data confirm that despite the genetic isolation of the Persian sturgeon from the Russian sturgeon in the Caspian Sea, the Persian sturgeon is a young species.
Macro economic analysis related to the approach of 3rd generation university in Turkey<p>Türkiye’de 3. nesil üniversite ysaklaşımına ilişkin makro ekonomik çözümlemeler
Authors: Züngün Deniz 
Published: December 2016

Increased competition caused by globalization has led to philosophical changes in private and public businesses. This change has affected educational institutions and they have needed dynamic, innovator and transformational tools in order to survive in competitive environment. The universities defined as “3rd GU” need commercialization, network among universities, close co-operation among institutions and entrepreneurship as well as intellectual and innovative changes. In this regard, the aim of the research is formed by the analysis of “Entrepreneur University” concept from the perspective of the academicians that served at managerial positions at the universities in Turkey and the discussion of these universities’ economical situation for being ready about 3GU concept. In line with these purposes, we will give place to ideas of 283 academicians served in Turkish universities and then we will try to analyze in macro-economic dimension for comparing to their expectations and the truth that’s happen in real life. Although there are 183 universities depending on The Council of Higher Education in Turkey, the number of universities used in our study has been limited by randomly chosen 18 universities for forming an appropriate conceptual framework. ÖzetKüreselleşme ile gelen artan rekabet özel ve kamu işletmelerinde felsefi değişimlere neden olmuştur. Bu değişim eğitim kurumlarını da etkilemiş ve bunlar rekabet ortamında ayakta kalabilmek için dinamik, yenilikçi ve dönüşümsel araçlara ihtiyaç duymuştur. “3. Nesil Üniversite” olarak tanımlanan üniversiteler düşünsel ve inovatif dönüşümlerin yanında ticarileşme, ekonomik olarak bağımsızlığını kazanma, üniversiteler arası network, kurumlar arası yüksek işbirliği ve girişimciliğe ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Bu bağlamda ortaya çıkan “Girişimci Üniversite” kavramının Türkiye’deki üniversitelerde yönetici olmuş akademisyenler perspektifinden incelenmesi ve söz konusu üniversitelerin “3. Nesil Üniversite” kavramına iktisadi açıdan ne derece hazır olduklarının irdelenmesi araştırmanın amacını oluşturmaktadır. Bu amaçla Türkiye’deki üniversitlerde çalışan akademisyenler arasından seçmiş olduğumuz 283 akademisyenin görüşlerine yer verilecek ve ardından da onların bu konudaki beklentilerine karşılık ortaya çıkan gerçekler ile makro boyutta çözümleme yapılmaya çalışılacak. Türkiye’de Yüksek Öğretim Kurumu’na (YÖK) bağlı 183 üniversite olmasına karşın araştırmanın kavramsal çerçevesinin daha doğru bir şekilde oturtulabilmesi amacıyla üniversite sayısı, rassal seçilen 18 üniversite ile sınırlandırılmıştır.
Is There a Role for Higher Education Institutions in Improving the Quality of First Employment?
Authors: McGuinness Seamus , Whelan Adele , Bergin Adele 
Published: December 2016

Abstract:This paper examines the potential role of higher education institutions in reducing labour market mismatch amongst new graduates. The research suggests that increasing the practical aspects of degree programmes, irrespective of the field of study, will reduce the incidence of initial mismatch. In terms of routes into the labour market, higher education work placements with the potential to develop into permanent posts and the provision of higher education job placement assistance were found to have substantial impacts in reducing the incidence of graduate mismatch. The use of private employment agencies was found to significantly heighten the risk of subsequent mismatch.
Life Cycle Assessment of a New Feed Production Obtained by Wasted Flour Food Collected from the Distribution and Retail Phases
Authors: Mosna David , Vignali Giuseppe , Bottani Eleonora , Montanari Roberto 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This study assesses the suitability of flour food products wasted during the distribution phase to be used as raw material for the production of animal feed. Landfill is nowadays the most adopted end of life option for flour food products. Nonetheless, by setting up a specific sorting system, it would be possible to separate the wasted food from its packaging and to recover both of them. In this latter case, food waste could be better valorised, by diverting it to alternative channels, such as anaerobic digestion or animal feeding. In this study, the environmental performance of two valorisation scenarios for floor food waste intended to be used to produce animal feed were analysed using the Life Cycle Assessment methodology. The new scenarios are compared with one another and with the traditional feed production. Results of the study show that the new scenarios lead to environmental benefits for all the considered impact categories.
Effect of Drying on Porous Characteristics of Orange Peel
Authors: Tamer Cansu , Isci Asli , Kutlu Naciye , Sakiyan Ozge , Sahin Serpil , Sumnu Gulum 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of different temperatures (40, 50 and 60 °C) and air velocities (1 and 2 m/s) on shrinkage, porosity, pore size distribution, color and microstructure of orange peel. Empirical models were also proposed to predict shrinkage and porosity as a function of moisture. A strong negative correlation was determined between moisture and shrinkage. Air temperature had no significant impact on the final shrinkage and porosity values. During drying, porosity of the samples first increased until a critical value, at which point further decrease in moisture resulted in collapse of pores. The porosity of the orange peel was correlated with moisture by a third-order polynomial. Pore size distribution curve of raw sample showed two major peaks, a wider and a sharper peak at around 19.8 and 7.18 μm, respectively. After drying, the peaks became shorter and the curve shifted to the left, indicating that the amount of pores and their diameter decreased. The SEM analysis revealed that at extreme process conditions, the orange peel surface was cracked and the characteristic distribution of the waxy components was obstructed.
Effects of Processing Treatments on the Antioxidant Properties of Polysaccharide from Cordyceps militaris
Authors: Chen Wan , Liu Gaoqiang , Yang Huandong , Zhou Huabin , Yang Hailong 
Published: December 2016

Abstract:
The effects of deproteinization and drying methods on the antioxidant activities and physiochemical properties of C. militaris polysaccharide were evaluated. The results showed that the IC50 of crude polysaccharide (CMP)was similar with that of deproteined polysaccharide by sevag (CMP-D-S), but significant higher (p < 0.05)than that of deprotiened polysaccharie by enzyme (CMP-D-E)on DPPH· scavenging. The IC50 of CMP was significant higher (p < 0.05)than that of CMP-D-S and CMP-D-E on OH· scavenging. Deproteinization by sevag or enzymatic method could not improve the antioxidant activity of C. militaris polysaccharide. However, drying methods influenced the antioxidant activities of C. militaris polysaccharide. Polysaccharide dried by freeze drying (CMP-F)showed respectively 55.47 % and 61.99 % higher OH· scavenging capacity on IC50 than that dried by hot air drying (CMP-H)and spray drying (CMP-S). The IC50 of CMP-F was 56.23 % higher than that of CMP-S, but similar with that of CMP-H on ABTS· scavenging. The reducing power of CMP-F was respectively 20.10 % and 27.25 % higher than that of CMP-H and CMP-S at 6 mg/mL. Spectroscopy analysis showed the dried CMPs were similar in IR and UV absorption. However, the monosaccharide ratio of CMP was changed by drying techniques. Morphological analysis showed that CMP-F consisted mainly of fluffy powder with rough and porous surface, CMP-S was spherical particle with smooth surface, and CMP-H was pyknotic and similar to anomalistic stones. Freeze drying was a recommendable method for antioxidant polysaccharide preparation from C. militaris.
Diagnosis and therapy of osteoporosis in geriatric trauma patients: an update
Authors: Schray Deborah , Stumpf Ulla , Kammerlander Christian , Böcker Wolfgang , Neuerburg Carl 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDemographic changes confront clinicians with an increasing number of orthogeriatric patients. These patients present with comorbidities, which force their surgeons to take into consideration their medical condition. A major risk factor for fractures in orthogeriatric patients is osteoporosis in combination with frailty. To prevent subsequent fractures in these patients, we need to pay attention to adequate osteoporosis treatment in orthogeriatric patients. There is a huge treatment gap. In Germany, 77% of patients with osteoporosis are not treated adequately. Even after fragility fractures, a low percentage of patients receive a specific osteoporosis therapy. Secondary prevention is of great importance in the treatment of these patients. Diagnostics and treatment should be already initiated with the admission to the hospital. Treatment decisions need to be made individually based on the risk profile of the patients. After discharge, it is important to involve the patients’ general practitioners and to follow up on patients regularly to improve their compliance and to ensure adequate therapy. Establishing a fracture liaison service helps coordinating osteoporosis treatment during hospitalization and after discharge. Subsequent fractures can be reduced; therefore, it is an effective service for secondary prevention. The present article provides an overview of how an efficient identification and subsequent treatment of osteoporosis can be achieved in aged trauma patients.
Pirimicarb, an aphid selective insecticide, adversely affects demographic parameters of the aphid predator Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Authors: Rahmani Shima , Bandani Ali R. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDemographic toxicology is recommended for toxicity determination of the long term effects of a pesticide since it gives a more accurate and efficient measure of the effect of a pesticide. Thus, in the current study the sublethal effects of pirimicarb (carbamate insecticide) two concentrations of LC30and LC10were used against third instar larvae of Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) in order to determine the effects of the pesticide on demographic parameters of the predator under laboratory conditions. Results showed that pirimicarb did not affect individual life parameters such as development time of larva, pupa, adult longevity, female and male longevity, adult preoviposition period (APOP), and total preoviposition period (TPOP). However, population parameters such as intrinsic rate of increase (r), net reproductive rate (R0), mean generation time (T), and finite rate of increase (λ) was affected by sublethal treatment. For example, intrinsic rate of increase (r) was 0.18 day-1in the controls but it was 0.13 and 0.14 day-1in the treated insects with LC10and LC30concentrations, respectively. Also, there were significant differences between mean generation time (T) of the treatments and the controls i.e. mean generation time of the controls was 29.03 days while mean generation time in the two treatments of LC10and LC30was 33.93 and 31.66 days, respectively. The finite rate of increase was also significantly affected by sublethal effects of the pesticide. The results showed that pirimicarb, even at low concentrations, has potential to adversely affect the predatory ladybird, therefore care should be taken when this insecticide is used in the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program.
Aphids of the genus Diuraphis caught by Johnson suction trap in Poznań, Poland
Authors: Strażyński Przemysław , Ruszkowska Maria , Krówczyńska Arleta 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn 1973-2011 in Poznań, aphid catches were carried out using Johnson’s suction trap. Since then the suction trap located at the Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute in Poznań has continuously recorded the daily and seasonal dynamics of aphid flights. The collected results has been used to establish one of the largest databases of this type in Europe. The data also allow tracking changes in aphid biodiversity under the changing climatic conditions. Three aphid species of Diuraphis spp. were identified: D. muehlei (Börner, 1950) - in 1974, D. bromicola (Hille Ris Lambers, 1959) - in 1988, D. noxia (Kurdjumov, 1913) - in 2003 as a result of systematic and long-term aphid collections. The occurrence of D. noxia presents a particular risk to cereal crops in Poland. This expansive aphid species that originates from Asia and the Mediterranean is a vector of Barley yellow dwarf viruses (BYDV), and has become one of the most important pest of wheat and barley in the world. Changes in climatic conditions that have been observed in recent years in Poland such as hot summer, long and warm autumn, mild winter seem to be optimal for occurrence and development of aphid species from warmer parts of Europe.
An overview of lithotype associations of Miocene lignite seams exploited in Poland
Authors: Widera Marek 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Currently, three stratigraphically distinct lignite seams of Early to Middle Miocene age are exploited in Poland, namely the third Ścinawa lignite seam (ŚLS-3), the second Lusatian lignite seam (LLS-2) and the first Mid-Polish lignite seam (MPLS-1). All of these are composed of numerous macroscopically distinguishable layers defined as lignite lithotypes. In the present paper, the lithotypes of Polish lignites are grouped into seven major lithotype associations that originated in various types of mire. Therefore, an approximate reconstruction of mire type can be based on lignite lithotypes. Within the Polish lignite seams examined, the commonest in order of importance are: xylodetritic (XDL), detroxylitic (DXL), detritic (DL) and xylitic (XL) lithotype associations, mostly with a massive (m) or horizontal (h) structure. They are particularly dominant in lignite opencasts belonging to the Konin and Adamów mines. However, in the lowermost seams at the Turów and Bełchatów mines, a substantial part of the seams comprises the bitumen-rich (BL) lithotype association. These seams also lignite lithotypes that in large quantities have a gelified (g) and/or nodular (n) structure. In contrast, lignites from the Sieniawa mine are characterised by an admixture of the best-developed lithotype associations of both fusitic (FL) and weathered (WL) lignites. Moreover, the vast majority of these lignites have a folded (fo) and/or faulted (fa) structure, because they were completely deformed by glaciotectonics.
Representatives of the family Actinostromatidae (Stromatoporoidea) in the Devonian of southern Poland and their ecological significance
Authors: Wolniewicz Paweł 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Stromatoporoids of the family Actinostromatidae are common constituents of Givetian to Frasnian (Devonian) organic buildups. The species-level structure of actinostromatid assemblages from the Devonian of southern Poland is described in the present paper, with special emphasis on ecological factors that influenced species composition of the communities. Nine species of the genera Actinostroma and Bifariostroma are distinguished. Members of the family Actinostromatidae predominated in stromatoporoid assemblages within lower Frasnian carbonate buildup margins. The most diverse actinostromatid faunas were found within the middle Givetian Stringocephalus Bank, in the upper Givetian-lower Frasnian biostromal complex and in the lower Frasnian organic buildups. Species-level biodiversity was lowest within detrital facies which surrounded the Frasnian carbonate buildups. Species of Actinostroma with well-developed colliculi are commonest within the middle Givetian to early Frasnian coral-stromatoporoid biostromal complexes, whereas species with strongly reduced colliculi predominate early-middle Frasnian organic buildups. The skeletal structure of actinostromatids reflects environmental changes, documenting a transition from species with thin, close-set pillars and widely spaced laminae (common in the middle Givetian) to those with long, thick pillars and megapillars (in Bifariostroma), which were predominant during the early and middle Frasnian. The distribution of growth forms among species reveals a significant intraspecific variation. Species of Actinostroma can be either tabular or low domical, depending on the palaeoenvironmental setting. Thus, the present study confirms that stromatoporoid morphology was influenced by environmental conditions.
Older Knowledge Workers as the Labour Market Potential (Slovenia versus Finland)
Authors: Zupančič Magda 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This article refers to the challenge of demographic changes gaining attention in many developed countries. The European Union recognized the need to activate older knowledge workers, who are underrepresented and pushed out of the labour market or are inadequately motivated to continue their employment for various reasons, despite their accumulated knowledge and experiences. EU member states respond differently to their ageing, with more or less successful national policies. This article is based on research of the labour market development for older knowledge workers in Slovenia compared to the Finnish age management policy at the end of the 1990s that successfully increased Finnish older knowledge workers’ employment through focused and holistic measures. Slovenia stagnated in the same period due to a lack of holistic solutions-a situation that continues today. The results and deficiencies of past bad and good practices in these two compared EU member states might offer some further reflections on possible steps to follow or avoid regarding active ageing solutions in the EU.
Scoping Response System Management of Alcohol's Harm to others in Lower Middle Income Countries
Authors: Laslett Anne-Marie Louise , Waleewong Orratai , Obot Isidore , Benegal Vivek , Hettige Siri , Florenzano Ramon , Hanh Hoang Thi My , Hanh Vu Thi Minh , Rao Girish N , Room Robin 
Published: December 2016

Aims As part of the WHO Harm from others' drinking project, Thailand, Sri Lanka, India, Chile, Nigeria and Vietnam undertook scoping studies to examine: which service agencies in low and middle income countries responded to people affected by others' drinking; how commonly key informants from these agencies indicated alcohol was part of the problems they managed; and whether any routine reporting systems collected information on alcohol's harm to others (AHTO) and the types and examples of harms experienced across the six countries. Methods Researchers synthetised within country peer-review literature, reports, news and agency website information. Additionally, researchers interviewed key informants to investigate current structures, functions and practices of service agencies, and in particular their recording practices surrounding cases involving others' drinking. Results 111 key informants agreed to participate from 91 purposively selected agencies from health, social protection, justice and police, and ‘other' sectors. National and provincial level data, as well as state-run and civil society agency data were collected. Diverse service response systems managed AHTO in the different countries. A large range in the percentage of all cases attributed to AHTO was identified. Case story examples from each country illustrate the different responses to, and the nature of, many severe problems experienced because of others' drinking. Conclusions AHTO was a major issue for service systems in LMIC, and significantly contributed to their workload, yet, very few recording systems routinely collected AHTO data. Recommendations are outlined to improve AHTO data collection across multiple sectors and enable LMIC to better identify and respond to AHTO.
How Does it Fit? Multiple Religious Belonging, Spiritual but not Religious, and The Dances of Universal Peace
Authors: Mercadante Linda 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Are people who call themselves “spiritual but not religious” (SBNR) actually practicing multiple religious belonging (MRB)? Or are “multiple religious participation” or “multiple religious involvement” better designations? This article suggests that “multiple religious orientation” fits their practices better. But a subset of the SBNR movement, The Dances of Universal Peace, is used as a case study in straddling the boundaries between MRB and SBNR. It also suggests ways to understand and locate the practices of SBNRs within the MRB discussion.