bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SYNTHESIS OF CHEMICAL REACTOR NONLINEAR CONTROL ALGORITHM USING SYNERGETIC APPROACH
Authors: Labutin Alexander N. , Nevinitsyn Vladimir Yu. 
Published: April 2017

The problem of analytical synthesis of synergetic control system of chemical reactor for realization of a complex series–parallel exothermal reaction has been solved. The synthesis of control principles is performed using the analytical design method of aggregated regulators. A chemical reactor is one of the common apparatuses in chemical industry. Despite a large number of the works related to automation and control of chemical reactors, the problem of synthesizing control systems that provide the maintenance of optimal modes of their operation remains practically unsolved. This is related to the principal feature of chemical reactors as controlled objects, namely, manifold, non-linearity, and multi-coupling. An outcome from this situation is to develop a physical theory of control, in particular synergetic control theory. The use of synergism ideas in the problems of control assumes the development and realization of a method of directed target self-organization of dissipative non-linear systems “object-regulator”. Furthermore, the aim of the motion of a system is formulated as the desired invariant manifold in a phase space of the object, which acts as a target attractor. The paper deals with continuous stirred tank reactor equipped with a mechanical stirrer and cooling jacket. The reactor operates in the polytropic mode. The multistep series-parallel exothermic process is carried out in the reactor. The objective of chemical reactor operation is to obtain the key product of specified concentration. The aim of chemical reactor control system is to maintain both concentration of desired product and temperature of reaction mixture in the device at the given values under the action of disturbances on the object. Using the analytical design method of aggregated regulators on the basis of parallel-series combination of invariant manifolds, a non-linear control algorithm was synthesized, which solves the problem of stabilization of the concentration of the target component and mixture temperature. Computer simulation of the object–regulator isolated system confirmed these properties of synthesized control system as the disturbance invariance, covariance to the given actions, and asymptotic stability. These facts make synergetic control theory very promising for application for such complex, manifold, and nonlinear objects of chemical engineering as chemical reactors. For citation:Labutin A.N., Nevinitsyn V.Yu. Synthesis of chemical reactor nonlinear control algorithm using synergetic approach.Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N2. P. 38-44.
DISCRETE SIMULATION OF GAS FLOWS UNDER REDUCED PRESSURE
Authors: Bobkov Sergey P. , Sokolov Vladimir L. 
Published: April 2017

A model using the standard rules of behavior of the particles of the lattice gas at their motion, and special rules for collisions in the lattice nodes was studied. The rules mentioned above are typical for HPP-gas. Beside the main components that describe the process within the simulated field, the nodes of wall were introduced in consideration. Also, to simulate the gas flow in the model the sources of particles located at the border area were introduced. The results of numerical experiments on the behavior of the lattice HPP-gas at his movement between the parallel walls are presented. We considered the cases of absence or presence of obstacles in the flow. To assess the adequacy of the proposed model the transition possibility from the virtual model variables to the actual physical quantities was considered. The results of numerical experiments show that the model experiments carried out correspond to flow of real gases in laminar mode. In addition, the gas pressure at the experiments corresponded to medium vacuum mode. The obtained model data are quite match with the generally accepted views on the behavior of gases. Taking into account that given model is extremely simple and effective at the computer implementation, we can recommend it to describe a real gas flows in a medium vacuum. The possibility of application of 1-D model of lattice gas with orthogonal space lattice was studied for gas flow analysis. It was shown that proposed model can be recommended for computer simulation of real gas flow at lower pressure. For citation:Bobkov S.P., Sokolov V.L. Discrete simulation of gas flows under reduced pressure. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 2. P. 79-84.
L’humour des Poilus canadiens durant la Grande Guerre (deuxième partie : Le Canard de Montréal)
Authors: Andrès Bernard 
Published: April 2017

Malgré la crise de la conscription de 1917 et les tensions entre anglophones et francophones au sujet de l’engagement du Canada dans la Grande Guerre, plus de 30,000 Canadiens français partent pour le front. Ils s’illustreront notamment aux batailles d’Ypres, de Courcelette et de Vimy. Chez ces francophones dont la plupart se battent sous le drapeau britannique, on note une certaine ambivalence face « la » patrie (le Canada ? l’Angleterre ? la France ?). Défiance également envers la hiérarchie militaire et les autorités coloniales britanniques. De rares témoignages de première main publiés en français entre 1914 et 1920 permettent d’apprécier sous un angle nouveau —l’humour— cet épisode de l’histoire québécoise. Face à la censure de guerre et pour conjurer la mort, les récits recourent à ces stratégies d’évitement ou de subversion que sont l’humour, l’ironie et le sarcasme. On observe ces modes d’écriture dans les témoignages de quelques « Poilus » canadiens publiés entre 1914 et 1920. C’est ici le cas d’Une unité canadienne, “Coq‑à‑l’Âne” Sério-Comique, signé E. I. Oval, [pseudonyme de Joseph A. Lavoie], et E. Rastus [pseudonyme de Moïse Ernest Martin]. Cette charge illustrée est parue en feuilleton dans l’hebdomadaire satirique montréalais Le Canard, entre le 28 septembre 1919 et le 8 février 1920, puis dans une brochure de juin 1920. Les « justiciers masqués » Lavoie et Martin préfigurent nos actuels lanceurs d’alertes. Dénonçant avec humour les manquements à la sociabilité militaire, ils entendaient restaurer l’honneur de leur unité canadienne.
Influence of Age, Sex, and Anthropometric Determinants on the Foot Posture Index in a Pediatric Population
Authors: Jimenez-Cebrian Ana María , Morente-Bernal María Francisca , Román-Bravo Pedro Daniel , Saucedo-Badía Juan Francisco , Alonso-Ríos Juan Antonio , Montiel-Luque Alonso 
Published: April 2017

Background:The Foot Posture Index (FPI) is a clinical tool for diagnosis that aims to quantify the grade of a foot position as neutral, pronated, or supinated. Its purpose is to develop a simple six-factor method for rating foot posture with an easy and quantitative result. We evaluated possible differences in the FPI by sex and the influences of age, weight, height, foot size, and body mass index (BMI) on foot posture.Methods:In 150 asymptomatic children (79 boys and 71 girls) aged 8 to 13 years, we determined weight, height, BMI, and FPI in the bipedal, static, and relaxed position. The FPI was obtained as the sum of the scores (–2, –1, 0, 1, 2) given to each of the six criteria.Results:The mean ± SD FPI value for the total sample was 5.1 ± 2.1 (boys: 5.1 ± 2.2; girls: 5.2 ± 2.0), so there were no significant differences between the sexes (P = .636). Of the 150 feet examined, none had FPI values of very supinated or highly pronated, two were supinated (1.3%), 76 neutral (50.7%), and 72 pronated (48.0%). Of the total FPI values, 7.7% can be explained by anthropometric variables: height, weight, and foot size (r2 = 0.077; P &lt; .010).Conclusions:The most frequent foot postures in the sample were neutral and pronated. Neither age nor BMI explained variations in the FPI.
Ice particle morphology and microphysical properties of cirrus clouds inferred from combined CALIOP‐IIR measurements
Authors: Saito Masanori , Iwabuchi Hironobu , Yang Ping , Tang Guanglin , King Michael D. , Sekiguchi Miho 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIce particle morphology and microphysical properties of cirrus clouds are essential for assessing radiative forcing associated with these clouds. We develop an optimal estimation‐based algorithm to infer cirrus cloud optical thickness (COT), cloud effective radius (CER), plate fraction including quasi‐horizontally oriented plates (HOPs), and the degree of surface roughness from the Cloud Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) and the Infrared Imaging Radiometer (IIR) on the Cloud Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) platform. A simple but realistic ice particle model is used, and the relevant bulk optical properties are computed using state‐of‐the‐art light‐scattering computational capabilities. Rigorous estimation of uncertainties related to surface properties, atmospheric gases, and cloud heterogeneity is performed. The results based on the present method show that COTs are quite consistent with other satellite products and CERs essentially agree with the other counterparts. A 1 month global analysis for April 2007, in which CALIPSO off‐nadir angle is 0.3°, shows that the HOP has significant temperature‐dependence and is critical to the lidar ratio when cloud temperature is warmer than −40°C. The lidar ratio is calculated from the bulk optical properties based on the inferred parameters, showing robust temperature dependence. The median lidar ratio of cirrus clouds is 27–31 sr over the globe.
Reanalysis of climate influences on Atlantic tropical cyclone activity using cluster analysis
Authors: Boudreault Mathieu , Caron Louis‐Philippe , Camargo Suzana J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe analyze, using Poisson regressions, the main climate influences on North Atlantic tropical cyclone activity. The analysis is performed using not only various time series of basin‐wide storm counts but also various series of regional clusters, taking into account shortcomings of the hurricane database through estimates of missing storms. The analysis confirms that tropical cyclones forming in different regions of the Atlantic are susceptible to different climate influences. We also investigate the presence of trends in these various time series, both at the basin‐wide and cluster levels, and show that, even after accounting for possible missing storms, there remains an upward trend in the eastern part of the basin and a downward trend in the western part. Using model selection algorithms, we show that the best model of Atlantic tropical cyclone activity for the recent past is constructed using Atlantic sea surface temperature and upper tropospheric temperature, while for the 1878–2015 period, the chosen covariates are Atlantic sea surface temperature and El Niño–Southern Oscillation. We also note that the presence of these artificial trends can impact the selection of the best covariates. If the underlying series shows an upward trend, then the mean Atlantic sea surface temperature captures both interannual variability and the upward trend, artificial or not. The relative sea surface temperature is chosen instead for stationary counts. Finally, we show that the predictive capability of the statistical models investigated is low for U.S. landfalling hurricanes but can be considerably improved when forecasting combinations of clusters whose hurricanes are most likely to make landfall.
A mutation in the Tubb4a gene leads to microtubule accumulation with hypomyelination and demyelination
Authors: Duncan Ian D. , Bugiani Marianna , Radcliff Abigail B. , Moran John J. , Lopez‐Anido Camila , Duong Phu , August Benjamin K. , Wolf Nicole I. , van der Knaap Marjo S. , Svaren John 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveOur goal was to define the genetic cause of the profound hypomyelination in the taiep rat model and determine its relevance to human white matter disease.MethodsBased on previous localization of the taiep mutation to rat chromosome 9, we tested whether the mutation resided within the Tubb4a (β‐tubulin 4A) gene, because mutations in the TUBB4A gene have been described in patients with central nervous system hypomyelination. To determine whether accumulation of microtubules led to progressive demyelination, we analyzed the spinal cord and optic nerves of 2‐year‐old rats by light and electron microscopy. Cerebral white matter from a patient with TUBB4A Asn414Lys mutation and magnetic resonance imaging evidence of severe hypomyelination were studied similarly.ResultsAs the taiep rat ages, there is progressive loss of myelin in the brain and dorsal column of the spinal cord associated with increased oligodendrocyte numbers with accumulation of microtubules. This accumulation involved the entire cell body and distal processes of oligodendrocytes, but there was no accumulation of microtubules in axons. A single point mutation in Tubb4a (p.Ala302Thr) was found in homozygous taiep samples. A similar hypomyelination associated with increased oligodendrocyte numbers and arrays of microtubules in oligodendrocytes was demonstrated in the human patient sample.InterpretationThe taiep rat is the first animal model of TUBB4 mutations in humans and a novel system in which to test the mechanism of microtubule accumulation. The finding of microtubule accumulation in a patient with a TUBB4A mutation and leukodystrophy confirms the usefulness of taiep as a model of the human disease. Ann Neurol 2017;81:690–702
Preparation of functional reduced graphene oxide and its influence on the properties of polyimide composites
Authors: Ma Lang , Wang Guojian , Dai Jinfeng 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTHomogeneous dispersion and strong filler–matrix interfacial interactions were vital factors for graphene for enhancing the properties of polymer composites. To improve the dispersion of graphene in the polymer matrix and enhance the interfacial interactions, graphene oxide (GO), as an important precursor of graphene, was functionalized with amine‐terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG–NH2) to prepare GO–poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). Then, GO–PEG was further reduced to prepare modified reduced graphene oxide (rGO)–PEG with N2H4·H2O. The success of the modification was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and Raman spectroscopy. Different loadings of rGO–PEG were introduced into polyimide (PI) to produce composites via in situ polymerization and a thermal reduction process. The modification of PEG–NH2 on the surface of rGO inhibited its reaggregation and improved the filler–matrix interfacial interactions. The properties of the composites were enhanced by the incorporation of rGO–PEG. With the addition of 1.0 wt % rGO–PEG, the tensile strength of PI increased by 81.5%, and the electrical conductivity increased by eight orders of magnitude. This significant improvement was attributed to the homogeneous dispersion of rGO–PEG and its strong filler–matrix interfacial interactions. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45119.
Wettability of a microgrid‐structured polymer film with microfabrication utilizing the stick–slip phenomenon
Authors: Naito Keishi , Yamada Taisei , Tsutsumi Takafumi , Yashiro Kisaragi 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTA microgrid structure was formed on the surface of a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film with an original microfabrication method (termed SS processing) utilizing the stick–slip (SS) phenomenon, and the effect of this surface structure on wettability was evaluated. Microgrid‐structured films could be fabricated by two‐axis SS processing. Moreover, an arbitrary parallelogram microgrid structure could be formed by selecting the direction of the second SS processing with respect to that of the first SS processing. Both water contact angle and water sliding angle of the SS‐processed film were larger than that of the PET film. Hence, the SS‐processed film showed a petal‐like effect. Furthermore, the water sliding angle of the microgrid‐structured film showed anisotropy due to the pinning effect derived from the microgrid structure. As a result, it is revealed that a hydrophobic PET film with a petal‐like effect and anisotropic wettability can be fabricated by SS processing. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45140.
Cimicifoetones A and B, Dimeric Prenylindole Alkaloids as Black Pigments of Cimicifuga foetida
Authors: Zhou Chang‐Xin , Yu Yu‐E , Sheng Rong , Mo Jian‐Xia , Huang Min , Ouyang Liang , Gan Li‐She 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTwo dimeric prenylindole alkaloids with a unique indole‐benzoindolequinone skeleton, cimicifoetones A (1) and B (2), were isolated as black pigments from the rhizomes of Cimicifuga foetida. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including HRMS and 2D NMR, as well as single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and computational chemical modeling techniques. Cimicifoetones A and B represented the first examples of dimeric indole alkaloids generated through [4+2] Diels–Alder cycloaddition between the prenyl side chain in one 3‐prenylindole and the aromatic ring in another. The two compounds showed promising anti‐proliferative activity on seven tumor cell lines with IC50 values in the range of 1.36–21.09 μm. Flow cytometric and western blot analysis revealed that compound 2 induced cell apoptosis via death receptor‐mediated extrinsic and mitochondrial‐mediated intrinsic pathways.
Magnesium‐Catalyzed Electrophilic Trifluoromethylation: Facile Access to All‐Carbon Quaternary Centers in Oxindoles
Authors: Katayev Dmitry , Kajita Harutake , Togni Antonio 
Published: April 2017

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is Dmitry Katayev and co‐workers from the group of Antonio Togni at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich. The image depicts a magnesium salt as a key player that is able to perform the direct electrophilic trifluoromethylation of 3‐substituted oxindoles. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201700851.
Environmental Impact of Ionic Liquids: Recent Advances in (Eco)toxicology and (Bio)degradability
Authors: Costa Susana P. F. , Azevedo Ana M. O. , Pinto Paula C. A. G. , Saraiva M. Lúcia M. F. S. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis Review aims to integrate the most recent and pertinent data available on the (bio)degradability and toxicity of ionic liquids for global and critical analysis and on the conscious use of these compounds on a large scale thereafter. The integrated data will enable focus on the recognition of toxicophores and on the way the community has been dealing with them, with the aim to obtain greener and safer ionic liquids. Also, an update of the most recent biotic and abiotic methods developed to overcome some of these challenging issues will be presented. The review structure aims to present a potential sequence of events that can occur upon discharging ionic liquids into the environment and the potential long‐term consequences.
Decreased feedback learning in anorexia nervosa persists after weight restoration
Authors: Foerde Karin , Steinglass Joanna E. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveAnorexia Nervosa (AN) is a serious disorder, with a mortality rate the highest of any psychiatric illness. It is notoriously challenging to treat and mechanisms of illness are not well understood. Reward system abnormalities have been proposed across theoretical models of the persistence of AN. Feedback learning is an important component of how reward systems shape behavior and we hypothesized that individuals with AN would show poorer learning from feedback.MethodsWe administered the acquired equivalence task to measure both learning from incremental feedback and generalization of that learning to novel stimuli. Participants were individuals with AN (n = 36) before and after intensive weight restoration treatment and healthy comparison participants (HC, n = 26) tested twice. Performance was assessed as accuracy during the Learning and Test phases, for both trained and novel stimuli. The relationship between task performance and eating disorder severity at baseline was also assessed.ResultsBoth before and after treatment, individuals with AN showed reduced learning from feedback in the Learning phase (F3,180 = 2.75, p = .048) and lower accuracy during the Test phase (F1,60 = 4.29, p = .043), as compared with HC. Individuals with AN did not differ from HC in accuracy for novel stimuli (F1,60 = 1.04, p = .312), indicating no deficit in generalization. Decreased acquisition of feedback learning was associated with longer illness duration and with greater eating disorder symptom severity at baseline.ConclusionsIndividuals with AN show reduced learning from feedback or reinforcement, which may contribute to difficulties in changing maladaptive behaviors.
Effect of intracoronary administration of AAV1/SERCA2a on ventricular remodelling in patients with advanced systolic heart failure: results from the AGENT‐HF randomized phase 2 trial
Authors: Hulot Jean‐Sébastien , Salem Joe‐Elie , Redheuil Alban , Collet Jean‐Philippe , Varnous Shaida , Jourdain Patrick , Logeart Damien , Gandjbakhch Estelle , Bernard Claude , Hatem Stéphane N. , Isnard Richard , Cluzel Philippe , Le Feuvre Claude , Leprince Pascal , Hammoudi Nadjib , Lemoine François M. , Klatzmann David , Vicaut Eric , Komajda Michel , Montalescot Gilles , Lompré Anne‐Marie , Hajjar Roger J. ,   on behalf of the AGENT‐HF Investigators
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimsRestoration of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA2a) activity through gene transfer improved cardiac function in experimental and pilot studies in humans with heart failure. The AGENT‐HF (NCT01966887) trial investigated the impact of adeno‐associated virus (AAV1)/SERCA2a on ventricular remodelling using multimodality non‐invasive cardiac imaging.Methods and resultsAGENT‐HF was a single centre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial in adult patients with NYHA class III–IV ischaemic or non‐ischaemic heart failure and left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35%. Eligible patients were randomized to receive a single intracoronary infusion of either 1 × 1013 DNase‐resistant particles of AAV1/SERCA2a or placebo. The primary endpoint was change in left ventricular end‐systolic volume (LVESV), measured by cardiac computed tomography at 6 month follow‐up. We planned to include 40 patients but the trial was terminated prematurely as the sponsor suspended further enrolment following neutral results of the CUPID‐2 outcome trial. At the time of termination, nine patients were randomized with five patients infused with AAV1/SERCA2a and four with placebo. At 6 months, LVESV was increased in both groups compared with baseline: median (interquartile range) in AAV1/SERCA2a vs. placebo: 13 (13;14) mL vs. 3.5 (−36;36) mL, P = 0.74, with a mean difference between groups of 11.4 mL in favour of placebo. No safety issues were noted.ConclusionAGENT‐HF failed to demonstrate any improvement in ventricular remodelling in response to AAV1/SERCA2a at the dose studied. However, because of premature termination, the study was underpowered to demonstrate an effect of AAV1/SERCA2a and these data should be interpreted with caution.