bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family‐based outpatient treatments: a viable alternative to hospitalization for suicidal adolescents
Authors: Lear Mary K. , Pepper Carolyn M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractHistorically, inpatient hospitalization has historically been a primary approach for managing risk in suicidal adolescents. However, hospitalization is disruptive and its efficacy in reducing suicide risk for adolescents is unclear. Preliminary data suggest that hospitalization may be iatrogenic and result in increased risk for subsequent hospitalizations and continued suicidal behaviour (Linehan, April 2016; Prinstein et al., 2008). This paper first discusses potential theoretical pitfalls of psychiatric hospitalization for suicidal adolescents, specifically poor triage to outpatient treatment, stigma, and social isolation. Secondly, we present outpatient family‐based therapy as an alternative evidence‐based approach for treating suicidal adolescents. To achieve this aim we review the existing research base examining specific family‐based outpatient treatments and discuss practical considerations concerning the implementation of family‐based approaches with suicidal adolescents.Practitioner points

Inpatient hospitalization is a frontline treatment for treating suicidal adolescents despite the lack of evidence supporting this approach and growing evidence of negative effects
Suicidal adolescents can be treated effectively and safely in outpatient settings
Several family‐based therapies for suicidal adolescents have been shown to be safe and effective in reducing suicidality and improving family functioning
Beyond Public Sector Reform – The Persistence of Change
Authors: Shannon Elizabeth Ann 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis article responds to the conundrum of public sector reform identified by O'Flynn (2015): why are so many reform programs initiated when so few clearly apparent and measurable benefits result? It draws on the literature analysing change management in the public sector and the results of a qualitative analysis of responses from Tasmanian health and human services public sector employees. While recognising the contextualised nature of change in a complex, adaptive system, the article identifies some lessons that may be drawn from this case study and applied more broadly. These include the importance of: communication, understanding employee stress and promoting practices for resilience, and for explicit change management and leadership throughout the organisation. An overview of change management resources developed by public sector agencies around Australia suggests that this approach is more common in the practice of public sector reform than it is reflected in the literature analysing these reforms.
The long‐term immunological effects of alloferon and its analogues in the mealworm Tenebrio molitor
Authors: Czarniewska Elżbieta , Urbański Arkadiusz , Chowański Szymon , Kuczer Mariola 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe subject of this article is a search for the long‐term immunological effects of alloferon and 3 structural analogues of alloferon, which were earlier characterized by the highest pro‐apoptotic activity in Tenebrio molitor. The differences in the actions of these peptides on immune response were observed. Alloferon increased nodulation and significantly phenoloxidase activity in the hemolymph of experimentally infected T. molitor. However, [Phe(p‐NH2)1]‐ and [Phe(p‐OMe)1]‐alloferon strongly inhibited cellular and humoral defense of the mealworm against Staphylococcus aureus infection. One day after injection of these peptides, the specific biochemical and morphological hallmarks of apoptosis in bacteria‐challenged hemocytes were visible; in contrast, 3 days after peptides injection in all hemocytes, caspase activation was not observed. However, these new, circulating hemocytes differed from the control and the peptide‐untreated bacteria‐challenged hemocytes. They had an increased adhesion that led to a separation of viable, anucleated fragments of hemocytes that retain the ability to adhere and to form long filopodia. The peptide‐induced separation of hemocyte fragments may resemble the formation of platelets in mammals and perhaps play a role in sealing wounds in insects. The results of in vivo studies may suggest a long half‐life of studied peptides in the hemolymph of mealworm. Moreover, we showed the importance of the N‐terminal histidine residues at position one of the alloferon molecule for its immunological properties in insects. The results obtained here show that alloferon plays pleiotropic functions in insects.
Brain volume change in first‐episode psychosis: an effect of antipsychotic medication independent of BMI change
Authors: Jørgensen K. N. , Nesvåg R. , Nerland S. , Mørch‐Johnsen L. , Westlye L. T. , Lange E. H. , Haukvik U. K. , Hartberg C. B. , Melle I. , Andreassen O. A. , Agartz I. 
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveThe effect of antipsychotic medication on brain structure remains unclear. Given the prevalence of weight gain as a side‐effect, body mass index (BMI) change could be a confounder.MethodPatients with first‐episode psychosis (n = 78) and healthy controls (n = 119) underwent two 1.5T MRI scans with a 1‐year follow‐up interval. siena (fsl 5.0) was used to measure whole‐brain volume change. Weight and height were measured at both time points. Antipsychotic medication use at baseline and follow‐up was converted into chlorpromazine equivalent dose and averaged.ResultsPatients did not show significantly larger brain volume loss compared with healthy controls. In the whole sample (n = 197), BMI change was negatively associated with brain volume change (β = −0.19, P = 0.008); there was no interaction effect of group. Among patients, higher antipsychotic medication dosage was associated with greater brain volume loss (β = −0.45, P < 0.001). This association was not affected by adjusting for BMI change.ConclusionWeight gain was related to brain volume reductions to a similar degree among patients and controls. Antipsychotic dosage‐related reductions of brain volume were not confounded by BMI change. Generalizability to contexts involving severe weight gain needs to be established. Furthermore, disentangling effects of medication from illness severity remains a challenge.
Biologgers reveal post‐release behavioural impairments of freshwater turtles following interactions with fishing nets
Authors: Gutowsky L. F. G. , Stoot L. J. , Cairns N. A. , Thiem J. D. , Brownscombe J. W. , Danylchuk A. J. , Blouin‐Demers G. , Cooke S. J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBycatch, the incidental capture of non‐target organisms, occurs in most commercial fisheries. Although immediate bycatch mortality is frequently documented in fisheries, detrimental sub‐lethal effects and potential post‐release mortality remain largely unknown despite the potential population‐level consequences. Turtles are captured as bycatch and their populations are vulnerable to slight increases in adult mortality. In eastern Ontario, turtles are frequently captured as bycatch in a small‐scale freshwater commercial fyke‐net fishery and, currently, the fate of discarded turtles is unknown. We wished to determine the effect of fyke‐net capture on post‐release survival and behaviour in eastern musk turtles Sternotherus odoratus and painted turtles Chrysemys picta. We used biologgers equipped with tri‐axial acceleration, depth and temperature sensors to document locomotor activity, vertical distribution, and temperature use of entrapped (exposed to forced submergence for 4 h) and control turtles upon release. Overall dynamic body acceleration was used as a measure of post‐release activity for the first hour, first 6 h, and first 48 h. Post‐release mortality was not detected. Turtles subjected to entrapment exhibited lower activity during the first 6 h following release, and their vertical distribution and temperature use differed in the first 2 h following release, but these effects disappeared after 48 h, suggesting turtles have the ability to recover. Quantifying the post‐release mortality and sub‐lethal effects of entrapment is important for estimating the population effects associated with bycatch.
Brutalism Redux: Relational Monumentality and the Urban Politics of Brutalist Architecture
Authors: Mould Oli 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBrutalism is an architectural form that is experiencing somewhat of a revival of late. This revival focuses almost purely on its aesthetics, but there is an ethical dimension to Brutalism that often gets overlooked in these narratives. This paper therefore reanalyses the original concepts and ethics of brutalist architecture with a reaffirmation of the original triumvirate of brutalist ethics as articulated by Raynar Banham as monumentality, structural honesty and materials “as found”. The paper then articulates these through the literature on architectural affect to argue that brutalist ethics are continually “enacted” via a relational monumentality that brings the building and its inhabitants together in the practice of inhabitation. Using the case study of Robin Hood Gardens in London, the paper posits that a “brutalist politics” comes into light that can help catalyse a broader critique of contemporary neoliberalism.
Uterine artery Doppler measurements during first and second trimesters of normal pregnancy
Authors: Stridsklev Solhild , Salvesen Øyvind , Salvesen Kjell Å. , Carlsen Sven M. , Husøy May A. , Vanky Eszter 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to construct a reference curve based on longitudinal Doppler blood flow measurements of the uterine artery during the first and second trimesters of normal pregnancy.Material and methodsHealthy pregnant women (n = 124) between 18 and 38 years of age were included. The uterine artery pulsatility index (UtAPI) was measured with transvaginal ultrasound in the first trimester (gestational weeks 8–10 and 11–13) and with transabdominal ultrasound in the second trimester (gestational weeks 18 and 24). Individual longitudinal curves were constructed and a reference curve was created.ResultsA centile curve with the normal distribution of the UtAPI during the first and second trimesters was constructed. We found that 90% of the women alternated between quartiles during the four examinations between gestational weeks 8 and 24, but 75% remained within the higher or lower range.ConclusionsA UtAPI reference curve was constructed for the first and second trimesters of pregnancy. Although the mean UtAPI values may vary from one examination to the next, most mean UtAPI values remain within the higher or lower range, i.e. above or below the 50th centile.
Quantification of Operational Learning in Minimal Invasive Extracorporeal Circulation
Authors: Anastasiadis Kyriakos , Antonitsis Polychronis , Asteriou Christos , Argiriadou Helena , Deliopoulos Apostolos , Konstantinou Dimitrios , Grosomanidis Vassilios , Tossios Paschalis 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMinimal invasive extracorporeal circulation (MiECC) has initiated important new efforts within science and technology towards a more physiologic perfusion. In this study, we aim to investigate the learning curve of our center regarding MiECC. We studied a series of 150 consecutive patients who underwent elective coronary artery bypass grafting by the same surgical team during the initial phase of MiECC application. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups. Group A (n = 75) included patients operated on MiECC, while group B (n = 75) included patients operated with conventional cardiopulmonary bypass (cCPB). The primary end‐point of the study was to identify whether there is a learning curve when operating on MiECC. The following parameters were unrelated with increasing experience, even though the results favored MiECC use: reduced CPB duration (102.9 ± 25 vs. 122.2 ± 33 min, P <0.001), peak troponin release (0.07 ± 0.02 vs. 0.1 ± 0.04 ng/mL, P < 0.01), peak creatinine levels (0.97 ± 0.24 vs. 1.2 ± 0.3 mg/dL, P < 0.001), duration of mechanical ventilation (14.1 ± 7.2 vs. 36.9 ± 59.8 h, P < 0.01) and ICU stay (2.1 ± 0.7 vs. 4.4 ± 6.4 days, P < 0.01). However, need for intraoperative blood transfusion showed a trend towards a gradual decrease as experience with MiECC system was accumulating (R2 = 0.094, P = 0.007). Subsequently, operational learning applied to postoperative hematocrit and hemoglobin levels (R2 = 0.098, P = 0.006). We identified that advantages of MiECC technology in terms of reduced hemodilution and improved end‐organ protection and clinical outcome are evident from the first patient. Optimal results are obtained with 50 cases; this refers mainly to significant reduction in the need for intraoperative blood transfusion. Teamwork from surgeons, anesthesiologists, and perfusionists is of paramount importance in order to maximize the clinical benefits from this technology.
The interplay of nutrients and tree invasion shapes the plant community in heathland habitats
Authors: Fagúndez Jaime 
Published: December 2016

AbstractCan drivers of temporal vegetation changes and their interactions be modelled in dynamic ecosystems? Kepfer‐Rojas et al., in this issue of Applied Vegetation Science, studied species richness and cover in an unmanaged heathland to address this topic. Complex interactions between drivers and their degree of spatial dependence condition the success of each functional group, in a scenario of permanent competition.
Randomized, controlled, multicentre clinical trial of the antipyretic effect of intravenous paracetamol in patients admitted to hospital with infection
Authors: Tsaganos Thomas , Tseti Ioulia K. , Tziolos Nikolaos , Soumelas Georgios‐Stefanos , Koupetori Marina , Pyrpasopoulou Athina , Akinosoglou Karolina , Gogos Charalambos , Tsokos Nikolaos , Karagiannis Asterios , Sympardi Styliani , Giamarellos‐Bourboulis Evangelos J. 
Published: December 2016

AimNo randomized study has been conducted to investigate the use of intravenous paracetamol (acetaminophen, APAP) for the management of fever due to infection. The present study evaluated a new ready‐made infusion of paracetamol.MethodsEighty patients with a body temperature onset ≥38.5°C in the previous 24 h due to infection were randomized to a single administration of placebo (n = 39) or 1 g paracetamol (n = 41), and their temperature was recorded at standard intervals. Rescue medication with 1 g paracetamol was allowed. Serum samples were collected for the measurement of APAP and its metabolites. The primary endpoint was defervescence, defined as a core temperature ≤37.1°C.ResultsDuring the first 6 h, defervescence was achieved in 15 (38.5%) patients treated with placebo compared with 33 (80.5%) patients treated with paracetamol 1 g (P < 0.0001). The median time to defervescence with paracetamol 1 g was 3 h. Rescue medication was given to 15 (38.5%) and five (12.2%) patients allocated to placebo and paracetamol, respectively (P = 0.007); nine (60.0%) and two (40.0%) of these patients, respectively, experienced defervescence. No further antipyretic medication was needed for patients becoming afebrile with rescue medication. Serum glucuronide‐APAP concentrations were significantly greater in the serum of patients who did not experience defervescence with paracetamol. The efficacy of paracetamol was not affected by serum creatinine. No drug‐related adverse events were reported.ConclusionsThe 1 g paracetamol formulation has a rapid and sustainable antipyretic effect on fever due to infection. Its efficacy is dependent on hepatic metabolism.
Using video technology to enable student voice in assessment feedback
Authors: Van der Kleij Fabienne , Adie Lenore , Cumming Joy 
Published: December 2016

AbstractStudents’ voices have been remarkably absent in feedback research, yet research shows that the way students engage with feedback significantly impacts on its effect on learning. Feedback research has mainly focused on aspects of the feedback message between a sender and receiver, with little consideration of the positioning of students in this process. This article (a) provides an overview of the literature about feedback in education and the role of the student in these processes and (b) provides findings from a pilot project that explored the use of video technology as a self‐reflection tool for six teachers and six students to capture assessment interactions and give students a voice in feedback conversations. The pilot employed iPads to facilitate video‐aided self‐reflection on feedback practices. The results suggest that not only is video a powerful tool for teacher reflection on their feedback practices, it can also provide better understanding of the student perspective in feedback conversations. Importantly, involving students themselves in video‐stimulated recall of feedback conversations has the potential to contribute to students’ self‐reflection of their involvement in the feedback process, encouraging them to make their voices heard and participate in feedback as a dialogic practice.
Multispecies genetic objectives in spatial conservation planning
Authors: Nielsen Erica S. , Beger Maria , Henriques Romina , Selkoe Kimberly A. , von der Heyden Sophie 
Published: December 2016

AbstractGrowing threats to biodiversity and global alteration of habitats and species distributions make it increasingly necessary to consider evolutionary patterns in conservation decision making. Yet, there is no clear‐cut guidance on how genetic features can be incorporated into conservation‐planning processes, despite multiple molecular markers and several genetic metrics for each marker type to choose from. Genetic patterns differ between species, but the potential tradeoffs among genetic objectives for multiple species in conservation planning are currently understudied. We compared spatial conservation prioritizations derived from 2 metrics of genetic diversity (nucleotide and haplotype diversity) and 2 metrics of genetic isolation (private haplotypes and local genetic differentiation) in mitochondrial DNA of 5 marine species. We compared outcomes of conservation plans based only on habitat representation with plans based on genetic data and habitat representation. Fewer priority areas were selected for conservation plans based solely on habitat representation than on plans that included habitat and genetic data. All 4 genetic metrics selected approximately similar conservation‐priority areas, which is likely a result of prioritizing genetic patterns across a genetically diverse array of species. Largely, our results suggest that multispecies genetic conservation objectives are vital to creating protected‐area networks that appropriately preserve community‐level evolutionary patterns.
Discriminatory ability of right atrial volumes with two‐ and three‐dimensional echocardiography to detect elevated right atrial pressure in pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Ostenfeld Ellen , Werther‐Evaldsson Anna , Engblom Henrik , Ingvarsson Annika , Roijer Anders , Meurling Carl , Holm Johan , Rådegran Göran , Carlsson Marcus 
Published: December 2016

SummaryAimsPulmonary hypertension (PH) patients have high mortality due to right ventricular failure. Predictors of poor prognostic outcome are increased right atrial volume (RAV) and elevated mean right atrial pressure (mRAP). Our aim was to determine whether RAV measured with 2D echocardiography (2DE) and 3D echocardiography (3DE) can detect elevated mRAP in patients evaluated for PH.MethodsOf 85 patients prospectively evaluated for PH, 44 patients (63 ± 15 years, 57% female) had 2DE, 3DE and right heart catheterization within 48 h and were in sinus rhythm. Maximum (RAVmax) and minimum (RAVmin) volumes were measured with 3DE. 2D maximum RAV and RA area, inferior vena cava diameter and collapsibility were measured. Invasive mRAP > 8 mmHg was predefined as elevated.ResultsRAVmax and RAVmin correlated with mRAP (r = 0·40 and r = 0·35, P<0·05, for both), and so did 2DE maximum RAV (r = 0·42, P = 0·005) and RA area (r = 0·40, P = 0·008). Area under the curve (AUC) from receiver‐operating characteristics curves was for 3DE 0·77 for RAVmax, 0·74 for RAVmin, from 2DE, 0·76 for maximum RAV and 0·75 for RA area to discriminate elevated mRAP (P<0·01 for all). PH patients had larger 3D RAV compared with controls (P<0·01). IVC diameter correlated with mRAP (r = 0·41, P = 0·007), but collapsibility did not (P = 0·078). AUC was neither significant for IVC diameter nor for collapsibility for predicting mRAP>8 mmHg. The optimal threshold was 57 ml m−2 for RAVmax, 31 ml m−2 for RAVmin and 36 ml m−2 for 2DE RAV.ConclusionsEnlarged RA measures with 2DE and 3DE have better discriminatory ability compared with IVC measures, to detect elevated mRAP in patients evaluated for PH.
The declined levels of inflammatory cytokines related with weaning rate during period of septic patients using ventilators
Authors: Yang Chao‐Huei , Hsiao Jung‐Lung , Wu Ming‐Feng , Lu Mei‐Hua , Chang Hui‐Ming , Ko Wang‐Sheng , Chiou Ya‐ling 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIntroductionApproximately 50% of patients with sepsis‐induced acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome require mechanical ventilation. Patients with extended mechanical ventilator use routinely develop reinfections, which increases hospital stay, mortality, and health care cost. Some studies have pointed out inflammatory factors concentrations can affect ventilator weaning, but do not indicate changed inflammatory factors related to ventilator weaning during using ventilators.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate during period of septic patients using ventilators, the inflammatory cytokines concentrations related with weaning rate.MethodsBlood was collected from 35 septic patients before and during ventilator use on days 1, 7, 14, and 21 (or weaning).Results58.3% (N = 20) of septic patients with mechanical ventilators were weaned successfully within 21 days (ventilator weaned group, VW), 16.7% (N = 6) did not wean within 21 days (ventilator dependent group, VD), and 25% died (death group) in hospital. Before ventilator use, higher C‐reactive protein (CRP), IL‐6, and IL‐8 levels were measured in the death group than in all other groups (P < .05). During ventilator use, CRP, IL‐6, and IL‐8 concentrations declined significantly in VW and VD patients (P < .05). In addition, IL‐6 concentrations in the VW group were significantly lower than in the VD group at 14 and 21 days (P < .05).ConclusionThe factors of ventilators weaning successfully such as disease control, nutritional status, and so on. The declined levels of serum inflammatory cytokines, especially IL‐6, improved inflammation status might be one factor of successfully weaning during septic patients on ventilators.