bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The psychometric properties of an information-ethics questionnaire
Authors: Nasser AL-Nuaimi Maryam , Bouazza AbdelMajid , Abu-Hilal Maher M. , Al-Aufi Ali 
Published: November 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the development and validation of a self-report structured questionnaire based on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). The questionnaire was used to investigate university undergraduate students’ cognition, behavioural intent, and behaviour concerning the ethical use of information and communication technologies (ICTs).Design/methodology/approachA quantitative correlational cross-sectional approach to data collection was used by administering a self-report questionnaire to a sample of 327 undergraduate students. To establish the construct validity of the questionnaire, internal consistency reliability and factorial analyses were performed.FindingsSignificant but different correlations between the constructs were under study. The behavioural intention had the greatest and most significant correlation with behaviour pertaining to information ethics. Overall, the scales, which constitute the instrument, showed acceptable indices of measurement validity.Practical implicationsThe research implications of this paper shed light on the applicability of the TPB to the specific context in which this study was conducted. The results imply that the TPB framework can be extended and employed to understand better the influence of comprehending information-ethics concepts on the intentions and practices related to the ethical use of ICTs.Originality/valueThe paper has methodological value for researchers who seek to develop empirical instruments for measuring the factors that bear upon the attitudes and the behaviours related to information ethics. Furthermore, the paper has pedagogical value for students, teachers, and developers of information-ethics educational programmes at the tertiary level.
COUNTER: Release 5 of the Code of Practice
Authors: Estelle Lorraine 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
Librarians need to measure returns on the investments that they make, and for digital content, the COUNTER Code of Practice for usage statistics is an important metric. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is a viewpoint.

Findings
Release 5 of the Code of Practice has been developed to make it easier for publishers to be compliant. It can be adapted and extended as digital publishing changes over the years.

Originality/value
Release 5 consists of four master reports, a reduced number of metrics and additional attributes. These will enable librarians to roll up or drill down through reports with ease, eliminating the need for the kinds of special-purpose reports required previously.
Geostatistical seismic Amplitude‐versus‐angle inversion
Authors: Azevedo Leonardo , Nunes Rúben , Soares Amílcar , Neto Guenther Schwedersky , Martins Teresa S. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTSeismic inversion plays an important role in reservoir modelling and characterisation due to its potential for assessing the spatial distribution of the sub‐surface petro‐elastic properties. Seismic amplitude‐versus‐angle inversion methodologies allow to retrieve P‐wave and S‐wave velocities and density individually allowing a better characterisation of existing litho‐fluid facies. We present an iterative geostatistical seismic amplitude‐versus‐angle inversion algorithm that inverts pre‐stack seismic data, sorted by angle gather, directly for: density; P‐wave; and S‐wave velocity models. The proposed iterative geostatistical inverse procedure is based on the use of stochastic sequential simulation and co‐simulation algorithms as the perturbation technique of the model parametre space; and the use of a genetic algorithm as a global optimiser to make the simulated elastic models converge from iteration to iteration. All the elastic models simulated during the iterative procedure honour the marginal prior distributions of P‐wave velocity, S‐wave velocity and density estimated from the available well‐log data, and the corresponding joint distributions between density versus P‐wave velocity and P‐wave versus S‐wave velocity. We successfully tested and implemented the proposed inversion procedure on a pre‐stack synthetic dataset, built from a real reservoir, and on a real pre‐stack seismic dataset acquired over a deep‐water gas reservoir. In both cases the results show a good convergence between real and synthetic seismic and reliable high‐resolution elastic sub‐surface Earth models.
Influence of pulsed and continuous substrate inputs on freshwater bacterial community composition and functioning in bioreactors
Authors: Ricão Canelhas Monica , Andersson Martin , Eiler Alexander , Lindström Eva S. , Bertilsson Stefan 
Published: November 2017

SummaryAquatic environments are typically not homogenous, but characterized by changing substrate concentration gradients and nutrient patches. This heterogeneity in substrate availability creates a multitude of niches allowing bacteria with different substrate utilization strategies to hypothetically coexist even when competing for the same substrate. To study the impact of heterogeneous distribution of organic substrates on bacterioplankton, bioreactors with freshwater bacterial communities were fed artificial freshwater medium with acetate supplied either continuously or in pulses. After a month‐long incubation, bacterial biomass and community‐level substrate uptake rates were twice as high in the pulsed treatment compared to the continuously fed reactors even if the same total amount of acetate was supplied to both treatments. The composition of the bacterial communities emerging in the two treatments differed significantly with specific taxa overrepresented in the respective treatments. The higher estimated growth yield in cultures that received pulsed substrate inputs, imply that such conditions enable bacteria to use resources more efficiently for biomass production. This finding agrees with established concepts of basal maintenance energy requirements and high energetic costs to assimilate substrates at low concentration. Our results further imply that degradation of organic matter is influenced by temporal and spatial heterogeneity in substrate availability.
Occurrence of chlorophyll allomers during virus‐induced mortality and population decline in the ubiquitous picoeukaryote Ostreococcus tauri
Authors: Steele Deborah J. , Kimmance Susan A. , Franklin Daniel J. , Airs Ruth L. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryDuring viral infection and growth limitation of the picoeukaryote Ostreococcus tauri, we examined the relationship between membrane permeability, oxidative stress and chlorophyll allomers (oxidation products). Chlorophyll allomers were measured in batch‐cultures of O. tauri in parallel with maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II photochemistry (Fv/Fm), carotenoids, and reactive oxygen species and membrane permeability using fluorescent probes (CM‐H2DCFDA and SYTOX‐Green). Viral infection led to mass cell lysis of the O. tauri cells within 48 h. The concentration of the allomer hydroxychlorophyll a peaked with a 16‐fold increase (relative to chlorophyll‐a) just after the major lysis event. In contrast, cell death due to growth limitation resulted in a twofold increase in allomer production, relative to chl‐a. Two allomers were detected solely in association with O. tauri debris after viral lysis, and unlike other allomers were not observed before viral lysis, or during cell death due to growth limitation. Conversely, the component chl‐aP276 was found in the highest concentrations relative to chl‐a, in exponentially growing O. tauri. The components described have potential as indicators of mode of phytoplankton mortality, and of population growth.
High dark inorganic carbon fixation rates by specific microbial groups in the Atlantic off the Galician coast (NW Iberian margin)
Authors: Guerrero‐Feijóo Elisa , Sintes Eva , Herndl Gerhard J. , Varela Marta M. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryBulk dark dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) fixation rates were determined and compared to microbial heterotrophic production in subsurface, meso‐ and bathypelagic Atlantic waters off the Galician coast (NW Iberian margin). DIC fixation rates were slightly higher than heterotrophic production throughout the water column, however, more prominently in the bathypelagic waters. Microautoradiography combined with catalyzed reporter deposition fluorescence in situ hybridization (MICRO‐CARD‐FISH) allowed us to identify several microbial groups involved in dark DIC uptake. The contribution of SAR406 (Marinimicrobia), SAR324 (Deltaproteobacteria) and Alteromonas (Gammaproteobacteria) to the dark DIC fixation was significantly higher than that of SAR202 (Chloroflexi) and Thaumarchaeota, in agreement with their contribution to microbial abundance. Q‐PCR on the gene encoding for the ammonia monooxygenase subunit A (amoA) from the putatively high versus low ammonia concentration ecotypes revealed their depth‐stratified distribution pattern. Taken together, our results indicate that chemoautotrophy is widespread among microbes in the dark ocean, particularly in bathypelagic waters. This chemolithoautotrophic biomass production in the dark ocean, depleted in bio‐available organic matter, might play a substantial role in sustaining the dark ocean's food web.
Developing Food Science Core Competencies in Vietnam: The Role of Experience and Problem Solving in an Industry‐Based Undergraduate Research Course
Authors: LeGrand Karen , Yamashita Lina , Trexler Cary J. , Vu Thi Lam An , Young Glenn M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAlthough many educators now recognize the value of problem‐based learning and experiential learning, undergraduate‐level food science courses that reflect these pedagogical approaches are still relatively novel, especially in East and Southeast Asia. Leveraging existing partnerships with farmers in Vietnam, a food science course for students at Nong Lam Univ. was designed and taught. The aim was to give students the opportunity to work in small groups and conduct evidence‐based research with farmers, apply food science principles, and develop Success Skills, including the ability to think critically and communicate clearly. Drawing on the experience of 2 student groups, this exploratory study describes what students learned from the process of conducting research. In one group, students learned to work through and resolve the challenge of initial disagreement and misunderstanding with farmers and ultimately carried out a project that aligned with the students’ research interests and farmers’ needs. Another group of students learned to consider the financial limitations of farmers when attempting to develop solutions for problems and ultimately worked with farmers to address a different problem that was less financially taxing. It is important to note the challenges of planning and teaching a course in which instructors are not able to predict exactly what students will learn or experience. This is largely dependent on each student's prior knowledge, experiences, and interests; yet this study demonstrates the transformative potential of teaching a research‐based food science course that gives students authentic opportunities to identify and address real‐world challenges.
Assessing the Impact of Germination and Sporulation Conditions on the Adhesion of Bacillus Spores to Glass and Stainless Steel by Fluid Dynamic Gauging
Authors: Xu Zhou Ke , Li Nan , Christie Graham , Wilson D. Ian 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe adhesion of spores of 3 Bacillus species with distinctive morphologies to stainless steel and borosilicate glass was studied using the fluid dynamic gauging technique. Marked differences were observed between different species of spores, and also between spores of the same species prepared under different sporulation conditions. Spores of the food‐borne pathogen B. cereus were demonstrated to be capable of withstanding shear stresses greater than 1500 Pa when adhered to stainless steel, in contrast to spores of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus megaterium, which detached in response to lower shear stress. An extended DLVO model was shown to be capable of predicting the relative differences in spore adhesion between spores of different species and different culture conditions, but did not predict absolute values of force of adhesion well. Applying the model to germinating spores showed a significant reduction in adhesion force shortly after triggering germination, indicating a potential strategy to achieve enhanced removal of spores from surfaces in response to shear stress, such as during cleaning‐in‐place procedures.Practical ApplicationSpore‐forming bacteria are a concern to the food industry because they have the potential to cause food‐borne illness and product spoilage, while being strongly adhesive to processing surfaces and resistant to cleaning‐in‐place procedures. This work is of significance to the food processors and manufacturers because it offers insight to the properties of spore adhesion and identifies a potential strategy to facilitate the removal of spores during cleaning procedures.
Phenolic Composition and Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Free and Bound Phenolic Fractions from a Peruvian Purple Corn (Zea mays L.) Accession
Authors: Gálvez Ranilla Lena , Christopher Ashish , Sarkar Dipayan , Shetty Kalidas , Chirinos Rosana , Campos David 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBeneficial effects on overall gut health by phenolic bioactives‐rich foods are potentially due to their modulation of probiotic gut bacteria and antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria. Based on this rationale, the effect of the free and bound phenolic fractions from a Peruvian purple corn accession AREQ‐084 on probiotic lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus helveticus and Bifidobacterium longum and the gastric cancer‐related pathogen Helicobacter pylori was evaluated. The free and bound phenolic composition was also determined by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography. Anthocyanins were the major phenolic compounds (310.04 mg cyanidin‐3‐glucoside equivalents/100 g dry weight, DW) in the free phenolic fraction along with hydroxycinnamic acids such as p‐coumaric acid derivatives, followed by caffeic and ferulic acid derivatives. The bound phenolic form had only hydroxycinnamic acids such as ferulic acid, p‐coumaric acid, and a ferulic acid derivative with ferulic acid being the major phenolic compound (156.30 mg/100 g DW). These phenolic compounds were compatible with beneficial probiotic lactic acid bacteria such as L. helveticus and B. longum as these bacteria were not inhibited by the free and bound phenolic fractions at 10 to 50 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL of sample doses, respectively. However, the pathogenic H. pylori was also not inhibited by both purple corn phenolic forms at same above sample doses. This study provides the preliminary base for the characterization of phenolic compounds of Peruvian purple corn biodiversity and its potential health benefits relevant to improving human gut health.Practical ApplicationThis study provides insights that Peruvian purple corn accession AREQ‐084 can be targeted as a potential source of health‐relevant phenolic compounds such as anthocyanins along with hydroxycinnamic acids linked to its dietary fiber fraction. Additionally, these phenolic fractions did not affect the gut health associated beneficial bacteria nor the pathogenic H. pylori. Purple corn can be targeted for design of probiotic functional foods integrated with their anthocyanin linked‐coloring properties.
Defining the core microbiome of the symbiotic dinoflagellate, Symbiodinium
Authors: Lawson Caitlin A. , Raina Jean‐Baptiste , Kahlke Tim , Seymour Justin R. , Suggett David J. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryDinoflagellates of the genus Symbiodinium underpin the survival and ecological success of corals. The use of cultured strains has been particularly important to disentangle the complex life history of Symbiodinium and their contribution to coral host physiology. However, these cultures typically harbour abundant bacterial communities which likely play important, but currently unknown, roles in Symbiodinium biology. We characterized the bacterial communities living in association with a wide phylogenetic diversity of Symbiodinium cultures (18 types spanning 5 clades) to define the core Symbiodinium microbiome. Similar to other systems, bacteria were nearly two orders of magnitude more numerically abundant than Symbiodinium cells and we identified three operational taxonomic units (OTUs) which were present in all cultures. These represented the α‐proteobacterium Labrenzia and the γ‐proteobacteria Marinobacter and Chromatiaceae. Based on the abundance and functional potential of bacteria harboured in these cultures, their contribution to Symbiodinium physiology can no longer be ignored.
Reducing Inequalities within Countries: Assessing the Potential of the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Chancel Lucas , Hough Alex , Voituriez Tancrède 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIncome and wealth inequality are rising in most countries around the world today. Recognising that this challenge has become a universal issue, the United Nations agreed in 2015 to seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), as part of a global agenda to transform society. Specifically, SDG Target 10 commits countries to ‘reduce inequalities within and among countries’. To what extent SDGs and in particular SDG target 10 can help nations reverse inequality towards a downward trend is the question we address in this paper. To answer this question, we build on the theory of change underpinning the goal‐based governance characterising the SDGs, then we infer the added value of the SDGs along three criteria: the production of a common metric, the capacity to emulate peer pressure, and policy learning within and across countries. Across these three criteria, our main finding is that there is much that states can take away from the SDGs to address the problem of rising inequality, though success is conditional on achieving the buy‐in of key actors and epistemic communities for which domestic inequalities remains a domestic issue and not a global sustainability one.
Lactate improves SAPS 3 prognostication
Authors: Andersson P. , Frigyesi A. 
Published: November 2017

IntroductionLactate concentration is known to be a strong predictor of mortality, but is not included in any of the major intensive care scorings systems such as the Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS 3). The objective of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of lactate concentration when combined with SAPS 3.Materials and methodsIn the period of 2008 to June 2017 the general intensive care unit at Skåne University Hospital in Lund, Sweden had 5141 first‐time admissions. Of these, 3039 patients had lactate concentrations analysed within 1 h of admission.ResultsAs expected, lactate concentration was found to be strongly related to 30‐day mortality. Lactate concentration was found to be a SAPS 3 independent predictor of mortality (odds ratio 1.08, 95% confidence interval 1.05–1.11, P < 0.001), but did not improve the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) (AUC 78.9% vs. 78.7%, P = 0.053). However, we found that lactate added prognostic value to SAPS 3 for patients with cardiac arrest (AUC 79.6% vs. 76.4%, P = 0.0082) and sepsis (AUC 75.1% vs. 72.7%, P = 0.033).ConclusionEven compared to our current prognostication model, SAPS 3, lactate concentration was found to be an independent predictor for all diagnoses, cardiac arrest and sepsis. The addition of lactate concentration level improved the AUC for cardiac arrest and sepsis, but not for all diagnoses.
Very tight vs. tight control: what should be the criteria for pharmacologic therapy dose adjustment in diabetes in pregnancy? Evidence from randomized controlled trials
Authors: Caissutti Claudia , Saccone Gabriele , Ciardulli Andrea , Berghella Vincenzo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIntroductionThere is inconclusive evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to support any specific criteria for pharmacologic therapy dose adjustment in diabetes in pregnancy. Our objective was to analyze the criteria for dose adjustment of pharmacologic treatment for diabetes mellitus (DM) in pregnancy.Material and methodsData sources: MEDLINE, OVID and Cochrane Library were searched from their inception to September 2017. Selection criteria included all trials of DM in pregnancy managed by oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin reporting criteria for pharmacologic therapy dose adjustment. RCTs in women with pregestational DM and gestational DM (GDM) were included. For each trial, data regarding glucose values used for pharmacologic therapy dose adjustment were extracted and carefully reviewed.ResultsOf 51 RCTs on therapy for GDM or pregestational DM, 17 (4230 women) were included as they reported criteria for pharmacologic therapy dose adjustment. Most of them (88%, 15/17) included women with GDM only. For RCTs including women with GDM, 12/16 (75%) used the two‐step approach, three (19%) the one‐step approach and one (6%) either the one‐ or two‐step approach. Regarding the type of initial therapy, 13 (77%) RCTs used different types and doses of insulin; nine (53%) used metformin; five (30%) used glyburide; and one (6%) used placebo. In most RCTs, glucose monitoring was assessed four times daily, i.e. fasting (all RCTs) and two hours (15 RCTs, 88%) after each of the three main meals – breakfast, lunch, and dinner. For fasting glucose target, all used a value <105 mg/dL; nine (53%) used 95 mg/dL as target. Of the 15 RCTs using a two‐hour postprandial value as target, 11 (73%) had 120 mg/dL as cutoff. Regarding the criteria for pharmacologic therapy dose adjustment, we found six different criteria. The majority of RCTs (9/17, 53%) used either one or two values per week higher than the target values, of which two‐thirds used only one value (35% of total), and one‐third (18% of total) two values. Five RCTs (29%) used >50%, one (6%) >30%, and one (6%) >20% of the values higher than the target value; one (6%) used the appearance of glycosuria.ConclusionsWhen evaluating RCTs which included criteria for pharmacologic GDM therapy dose adjustment, the most common criterion for diagnosis was the two‐step test, and the most common used therapies were insulin and metformin. Regarding glucose monitoring, the most common frequency was four times per day, fasting and two hours after each main meal, using as target glucose values 95 and 120 mg/dL, respectively. Importantly, we found six different criteria for pharmacologic GDM therapy dose adjustment, with the majority using very tight criteria of either one or two values per week higher than the target values, of which two‐thirds used only one value, and one‐third used two values.