bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in targeted therapy for acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Kayser Sabine , Levis Mark J. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryIn the past few years, research in the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) has led to remarkable advances in our understanding of the disease. Cytogenetic and molecular aberrations are the most important factors in determining response to chemotherapy as well as long‐term outcome, but beyond prognostication are potential therapeutic targets. Our increased understanding of the pathogenesis of AML, facilitated by next‐generation sequencing, has spurred the development of new compounds in the treatment of AML, particularly the creation of small molecules that target the disease on a molecular level. Various new agents, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, monoclonal or bispecific T‐cell engager antibodies, metabolic and pro‐apoptotic agents are currently investigated within clinical trials. The highest response rates are often achieved when new molecularly targeted therapies are combined with standard chemotherapy. Presented here is an overview of novel therapies currently being evaluated in AML.
Review of the association between retinal microvascular characteristics and eye disease
Authors: Newman Alexander , Andrew Nicholas , Casson Robert 
Published: November 2017

AbstractComputerized retinal imaging technologies enable the static and dynamic measurement of a range of retinal microvascular parameters. Large population‐based studies have reported associations between these microvascular indices and various ophthalmic diseases including diabetes, age‐related macular degeneration, retinal artery embolism, retinal vein occlusion, glaucoma and non‐glaucomatous optic neuropathies. Increasingly, sophisticated imaging and analysis techniques have the potential to provide relevant clinical information regarding disease risk and progression; however, further studies are required to verify associations and strengthen the predictive power of these techniques. We summarize the current state of knowledge regarding retinal microvascular characteristics and eye disease.
A multispecies test of source–sink indicators to prioritize habitat for declining populations
Authors: Heinrichs Julie A. , Lawler Joshua J. , Schumaker Nathan H. , Wilsey Chad B. , Monroe Kira C. , Aldridge Cameron L. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractFor species at risk of decline or extinction in source–sink systems, sources are an obvious target for habitat protection actions. However, the way in which source habitats are identified and prioritized can reduce the effectiveness of conservation actions. Although sources and sinks are conceptually defined using both demographic and movement criteria, simplifications are often required in systems with limited data. To assess the conservation outcomes of alternative source metrics and resulting prioritizations, we simulated population dynamics and extinction risk for 3 endangered species. Using empirically based habitat population models, we linked habitat maps with measured site‐ or habitat‐specific demographic conditions, movement abilities, and behaviors. We calculated source–sink metrics over a range of periods of data collection and prioritized consistently high‐output sources for conservation. We then tested whether prioritized patches identified the habitats that most affected persistence by removing them and measuring the population response. Conservation decisions based on different source–sink metrics and durations of data collection affected species persistence. Shorter time series obscured the ability of metrics to identify influential habitats, particularly in temporally variable and slowly declining populations. Data‐rich source–sink metrics that included both demography and movement information did not always identify the habitats with the greatest influence on extinction risk. In some declining populations, patch abundance better predicted influential habitats for short‐term regional persistence. Because source–sink metrics (i.e., births minus deaths; births and immigrations minus deaths and emigration) describe net population conditions and cancel out gross population counts, they may not adequately identify influential habitats in declining populations. For many nonequilibrium populations, new metrics that maintain the counts of individual births, deaths, and movement may provide additional insight into habitats that most influence persistence.
Polyethylene glycol as marker for nitrofurazone allergy: 20 years of experience from Turkey
Authors: Özkaya Esen , Kılıç Sıla 
Published: November 2017

SummaryBackgroundPolyethylene glycols (PEGs) and propylene glycol (PG) are used as vehicles in various medicinal and cosmetic products. They are potential contact sensitizers, including low molecular weight PEGs in nitrofurazone preparations that are still widely used in Turkey.ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence of allergic contact dermatitis caused by PEG and PG in a relatively large group of patients in Turkey.MethodsIn this retrospective, cross‐sectional, single‐centre study, 836 patients patch tested with PEG and PG between 1996 and 2015 were reviewed.ResultsThirty‐five patients (4.2%) showed positive patch test reactions to PEG, and 7 (0.8%) showed positive patch test reactions to PG, partly as late positive reactions with PEG. PEG sensitivity was almost exclusively related to nitrofurazone allergy. Patch test reactions to PG were currently relevant mainly with regard to the use of minoxidil, and antiherpetic or corticosteroid creams. Ten patients (25%) had concomitant contact allergies to various topical drugs containing mainly PEGs.ConclusionsPEG sensitivity seems to be a marker for contact allergy to topical nitrofurazone in Turkey. Nitrofurazone allergy appears to favour concomitant sensitization to PEG. We would suggest the inclusion of PEG in an extended baseline patch test series in Turkey. Late patch test readings are important to diagnose delayed positive reactions to PEG.
Sofosbuvir plus daclatasvir with or without ribavirin is safe and effective for post‐transplant hepatitis C recurrence and severe fibrosis and cirrhosis: A prospective study
Authors: Lionetti Raffaella , Calvaruso Vincenza , Piccolo Paola , Mancusi Rossella Letizia , Mazzarelli Chiara , Fagiuoli Stefano , Montalbano Marzia , Lenci Ilaria , Carrai Paola , Guaraldi Giovanni , Visco‐Comandini Ubaldo , Milana Martina , Biolato Marco , Loiacono Laura , Valente Giovanna , Craxì Antonio , Angelico Mario , D'offizi Gianpiero 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundIn 2012, an Italian Named Patient Program began for hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐infected liver transplant (LT) recipients with advanced fibrosis, before approval of direct antiviral agents (DAA), to benefit severely ill patients. The aim of this “real‐life” study was to assess treatment efficacy and safety with an extended course of daclatasvir (DCV) plus sofosbuvir (SOF) with or without ribavirin (RBV).MethodsAll HCV LT recipients with severe fibrosis in 15 Italian transplant centers were treated with DCV+SOF±RBV for 24 weeks; sustained virological response was assessed at 12 weeks post‐treatment (SVR12).ResultsEighty‐seven patients were enrolled (75.9% males, mean age 58.4 ± 7.2 years, 83.9% genotype 1, 81.6% cirrhosis); 52 (59.8%) received RBV. Overall, 79 obtained SVR12 (90.8%): 100% in F3 and 88.7% in cirrhotics (91.5% in Child‐Pugh A, 83.3% in Child‐Pugh B and C). According to the treatment group, SVR was 80% in DCV + SOF group and 98.1% in SOF + DCV + RBV. Two virological relapses occurred during follow‐up in cirrhotic patients who received DCV + SOF. Four cirrhotic patients in DCV + SOF group and 1 in DCV + SOF + RBV group died on treatment.ConclusionAn extended course of SOF plus DCV for 24 weeks, with or without RBV, is effective and well tolerated for the treatment of post‐LT HCV recurrence with severe fibrosis.
Effects of single and multiple herbivory by host and non‐host caterpillars on the attractiveness of herbivore‐induced volatiles of sugarcane to the generalist parasitoid Cotesia flavipes
Authors: Peñaflor Maria Fernanda G.V. , Gonçalves Felipe G. , Colepicolo Camila , Sanches Patricia A. , Bento José Mauricio S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIt is well known that parasitoids are attracted to volatiles emitted by host‐damaged plants; however, this tritrophic interaction may change if plants are attacked by more than one herbivore species. The larval parasitoid Cotesia flavipesCameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) has been used intensively in Brazil to control the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalisFabricius (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in sugarcane crops, where Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a non‐stemborer lepidopteran, is also a pest. Here, we investigated the ability of C. flavipes to discriminate between an unsuitable host (S. frugiperda) and a suitable host (D. saccharalis) based on herbivore‐induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) emitted by sugarcane, and whether multiple herbivory (D. saccharalis feeding on stalk + S. frugiperda feeding on leaves) in sugarcane affected the attractiveness of HIPVs to C. flavipes. Olfactometer assays indicated that volatiles of host and non‐host‐damaged plants were attractive to C. flavipes. Even though host‐ and non‐host‐damaged plants emitted considerably different volatile blends, neither naïve nor experienced wasps discriminated suitable and unsuitable hosts by means of HIPVs emitted by sugarcane. With regard to multiple herbivory, wasps innately preferred the odor blend emitted by sugarcane upon non‐host + host herbivory over host‐only damaged plants. Multiple herbivory caused a suppression of some volatiles relative to non‐host‐damaged sugarcane that may have resulted from the unaltered levels of jasmonic acid in host‐damaged plants, or from reduced palatability of host‐damaged plants to S. frugiperda. In conclusion, our study showed that C. flavipes responds to a wide range of plant volatile blends, and does not discriminate host from non‐host and non‐stemborer caterpillars based on HIPVs emitted from sugarcane. Moreover, we showed that multiple herbivory by the sugarcane borer and fall armyworm increases the attractiveness of sugarcane plants to the parasitoids.
Evidence‐based dentistry can effectively be taught to dental care professional students – A mixed methods study
Authors: Kahatab A. F. , Ho Y. B. , O'Reilly D. , Tan C. , McTernan J. , Ahmad T. , O'Halloran A. , Sagheri D. , Abdollahi A. , Mac Giolla Phadraig C. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundLittle research exists in the teaching of evidence‐based dentistry (EBD) to students in the fields of dental hygiene, dental nursing and orthodontic therapy. This study aims to analyse the effect of a 1‐day EBD programme on knowledge and confidence whilst also gaining insight into students’ experience of the intervention.MethodA mixed methods study was utilised with explanatory sequential design. The population consisted of dental hygiene (DH), dental nursing (DN) and orthodontic therapy (OT) students (N = 44). The intervention consisted of a 1‐day active learning EBD programme, delivered via group projects and lectures. In the initial quantitative phase, a standardised questionnaire pre‐ and post ‐intervention measured changes in confidence for all participants, whilst change in knowledge was measured for DH and OT students only. Following this, focus groups were scheduled for all members of each discipline 3 months post‐intervention for DN and 2 months post‐intervention for DH and OT students. Semi‐structured focus group schedules were drawn up, and groups organised according to the outcomes of quantitative data analysis. Qualitative results were analysed using a deductive adaptation of Burnard's thematic content analysis.ResultsForty‐two students took part (94.45%) in this study. Median knowledge scores increased from zero to two of five (P < .001), whilst median confidence score doubled from four to eight of eight (P < .001). Results of thematic content analysis were coincident with quantitative results; however, it also provided constructive feedback regarding design and content of the course.ConclusionsA 1‐day bespoke programme in EBD increased students’ confidence and knowledge in EBD skills. However, the findings further suggest that two successive half‐day training sessions instead of one full‐day training, tied in with coursework that requires the application of the acquired skills, may increase the learning experience further.
Subspecialty preferences among neurologists of the future
Authors: Zis P. , Macerollo A. , Sauerbier A. , Papp V. , Klingelhoefer L. , Cock H. R. 
Published: November 2017

Background and purposeIn the era of neurological subspecialization, most neurologists will have a field of specialist interest. The aim of this cross‐sectional multinational study was to identify the key areas of interest among trainees or junior specialists, assess the potential influence of an interest in research and consider the results in light of population needs.MethodsA total of 300 residents and junior neurologists who received a bursary to attend the European Academy of Neurology conference were invited to participate in this study. Demographic and work‐related characteristics, as well as main subspecialty of choice, were examined via an anonymous electronic questionnaire. Participants holding a higher degree (PhD/MD) or working in research posts were considered research oriented.ResultsIn total, 191 neurologists in training or junior specialists responded (response rate 63.7%). Full data were available for 187 participants (59.4% females). The study sample had a mean age of 30.5 ± 3.4 (range 25–45) years. The most popular subspecialty was movement disorders (18.2%), followed by multiple sclerosis (11.2%) and epilepsy (10.2%). This did not differ significantly between the participants who were or were not research oriented.ConclusionsThere is a potential mismatch between the interests of trainees and the future needs of the populations they serve, which is important to identify for workforce planning.
The future of fish passage science, engineering, and practice
Authors: Silva Ana T. , Lucas Martyn C. , Castro‐Santos Theodore , Katopodis Christos , Baumgartner Lee J. , Thiem Jason D. , Aarestrup Kim , Pompeu Paulo S. , O'Brien Gordon C. , Braun Douglas C. , Burnett Nicholas J. , Zhu David Z. , Fjeldstad Hans‐Petter , Forseth Torbjørn , Rajaratnam Nallamuthu , Williams John G. , Cooke Steven J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMuch effort has been devoted to developing, constructing and refining fish passage facilities to enable target species to pass barriers on fluvial systems, and yet, fishway science, engineering and practice remain imperfect. In this review, 17 experts from different fish passage research fields (i.e., biology, ecology, physiology, ecohydraulics, engineering) and from different continents (i.e., North and South America, Europe, Africa, Australia) identified knowledge gaps and provided a roadmap for research priorities and technical developments. Once dominated by an engineering‐focused approach, fishway science today involves a wide range of disciplines from fish behaviour to socioeconomics to complex modelling of passage prioritization options in river networks. River barrier impacts on fish migration and dispersal are currently better understood than historically, but basic ecological knowledge underpinning the need for effective fish passage in many regions of the world, including in biodiversity hotspots (e.g., equatorial Africa, South‐East Asia), remains largely unknown. Designing efficient fishways, with minimal passage delay and post‐passage impacts, requires adaptive management and continued innovation. While the use of fishways in river restoration demands a transition towards fish passage at the community scale, advances in selective fishways are also needed to manage invasive fish colonization. Because of the erroneous view in some literature and communities of practice that fish passage is largely a proven technology, improved international collaboration, information sharing, method standardization and multidisciplinary training are needed. Further development of regional expertise is needed in South America, Asia and Africa where hydropower dams are currently being planned and constructed.
Melatonin therapy reduces the risk of osteoporosis and normalizes bone formation in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Ghareghani Majid , Scavo Linda , Arnoult Damien , Zibara Kazem , Farhadi Naser 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a common autoimmune and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. Serum levels of melatonin decrease in MS patients who are also at risk of osteoporosis. Procalcitonin (proCT) has been reported as a biomarker of systemic inflammation and autoimmune disease; however, its changes in MS patients have not been well explored. This study investigated, using ELISA, the clinical correlation between serum melatonin and proCT in MS patients. We then assessed the effect of melatonin (10 mg/kg) therapy on bone metabolism and osteoporosis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS and in MS patients. Data showed a significant increase (*P < 0.05) in serum levels of proCT in MS patients, inversely correlated (r  =  −0.945; P  =  0.0001) with melatonin levels, compared to healthy participants. On the other hand, melatonin therapy ameliorated EAE severity by significantly decreasing (*P < 0.05) mean clinical scores, compared to control EAE mice. In addition, serum levels of proCT significantly (**P < 0.01) increased in EAE mice, compared to controls, which was significantly (*P < 0.05) reduced by melatonin. Moreover, EAE‐induced decrease in 25‐hydroxyvitamin D, calcium, and osteocalcin (OCN) in EAE mice, compared to controls, was significantly (*P < 0.05) increased by melatonin. Finally, OCN serum levels were found to be significantly decreased (*P < 0.05) in MS patients, in comparison with controls. Taken together, we suggest that proCT could be used as a diagnostic biomarker in MS patients and that melatonin normalizes bone metabolites in MS. Further clinical and experimental investigations are needed to understand bone metabolism in MS.
Assembly of insect hormone enthusiasts at Nasu Highland, Japan: Report of the 3rd International Insect Hormone (21st Ecdysone) Workshop
Authors: Niwa Ryusuke , Nishimura Takashi 
Published: November 2017

The 3rd International Insect Hormone (21st Ecdysone) Workshop (IIHW2017) was held in July 2017 at Nasu Highland, Japan. In the 40 years of the workshop's history, this was the first to be held in an Asian country. A total of 109 insect hormone researchers from 18 countries (62 overseas and 47 domestic participants) attended IIHW2017. During the workshop, all participants stayed on‐site at the venue's hotel; this was ideal for fostering communication between participants, in particular, interactions between principal investigators and young scientists. The workshop featured one keynote, 64 oral, and 35 poster presentations spanning molecular biology, cell biology, developmental biology, neurobiology, chemical biology, physiology, and ecology of insect hormones, including ecdysteroids, juvenile hormones, and a variety of neuropeptides. The workshop provided an ideal platform for discussing insect hormone biology using not only the typical genetic model insect, the fruit fly Drosophila, but also a diversity of interesting insects, such as the silkworm, the red flour beetle, the cricket, the dragonfly, the social ant, the bloodsucking tick, and so on. The participants succeeded in sharing the latest knowledge in a wide range of insect hormone research fields and in joining active and constructive scientific discussions.
A three‐goal model for patients with multimorbidity: A qualitative approach
Authors: Vermunt Neeltje P. , Harmsen Mirjam , Elwyn Glyn , Westert Gert P. , Burgers Jako S. , Olde Rikkert Marcel G. , Faber Marjan J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundTo meet the challenge of multimorbidity in decision making, a switch from a disease‐oriented to a goal‐oriented approach could be beneficial for patients and clinicians. More insight about the concept and the implementation of this approach in clinical practice is needed.ObjectiveThis study aimed to develop conceptual descriptions of goal‐oriented care by examining the perspectives of general practitioners (GPs) and clinical geriatricians (CGs), and how the concept relates to collaborative communication and shared decision making with elderly patients with multimorbidity.MethodQualitative interviews with GPs and CGs were conducted and analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsClinicians distinguished disease‐ or symptom‐specific goals, functional goals and a new type of goals, which we labelled as fundamental goals. “Fundamental goals” are goals specifying patient's priorities in life, related to their values and core relationships. These fundamental goals can be considered implicitly or explicitly in decision making or can be ignored. Reasons to explicate goals are the potential mismatch between medical standards and patient preferences and the need to know individual patient values in case of multimorbidity, including the management in acute situations.ConclusionBased on the perspectives of clinicians, we expanded the concept of goal‐oriented care by identifying a three‐level goal hierarchy. This model could facilitate collaborative goal‐setting for patients with multiple long‐term conditions in clinical practice. Future research is needed to refine and validate this model and to provide specific guidance for medical training and practice.
What is the value of Values Based Recruitment for nurse education programmes?
Authors: Groothuizen Johanna E. , Callwood Alison , Gallagher Ann 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimA discussion of issues associated with Values Based Recruitment (VBR) for nurse education programmes.BackgroundValues Based Recruitment is a mandatory element in selection processes of students for Higher Education healthcare courses in England, including all programmes across nursing. Students are selected on the basis that their individual values align with those presented in the Constitution of the National Health Service. However, there are issues associated with the use of values as selection criteria that have been insufficiently addressed. These are discussed.DesignDiscussion paper.Data sourcesThis article is based on documents published on the website of the executive body responsible for the implementation of a policy regarding VBR in Higher Education Institutions up until June 2017 and our evaluation of the conceptualisation of VBR, underpinned by contemporary theory and literature.Implications for nursingValues Based Recruitment influences who is accepted onto a nurse education programme, but there has been limited critical evaluation regarding the effectiveness of employing values as selection criteria. Values are subject to interpretation and evidence regarding whether or how VBR will improve practice and care is lacking. The issues discussed in this article show that Higher Education Institutions offering nursing courses, whether in England or in other countries, should be critical and reflective regarding the implementation of VBR methods.ConclusionWe call for a debate regarding the meaning and implications of VBR and further research regarding its validity and effectiveness.