bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective cross‐sectional pilot study of rifaximin dosing for the prevention of recurrent hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Lyon Kelsey C , Likar Eric , Martello Jay L , Regier Michael 
Published: February 2017

AbstractStandard treatment for hepatic encephalopathy (HE) includes medications that reduce ammonia and bacterial translocation in the gut. Rifaximin can be used off‐label for the reduction of overt HE. The study purpose was to determine efficacy of traditional rifaximin dosing (400 mg three times daily) compared with newer dosing (550 mg twice daily) via readmission rates for the prevention of recurrent HE. This was a retrospective, observational, cross‐sectional pilot study conducted in a tertiary medical center. A total of 226 patients 18–89 years of age with documentation of HE via ICD‐9 code who started rifaximin therapy while inpatient between April 2009 and June 2014 were evaluated. Data collected included rifaximin dosing, other medications used to treat HE, duration of therapy, time to readmission, and various laboratory values. There were no differences in readmission rates at 30 days, 60 days, or 6 months between treatment groups. Additionally, there was no difference in the odds of readmission between the treatment groups (OR = 0.77, 95% CI: [0.201, 4.365], P = 0.718). Patients had a low overall probability of readmission over the observational period. Based on average wholesale price data, the cost for a 9‐day supply of rifaximin for the 400‐mg dosing regimen is $952.56 versus $605.16 for the 550‐mg dosing regimen. The rifaximin 550‐mg dosing strategy should be utilized in hospitalized patients for the prevention of recurrent HE as there was no difference in readmission rate or time to readmission between dosing groups. The 550‐mg regimen had a lower acquisition cost for a 9‐day duration of treatment in the studied institution.
Novel NTRK1 mutations associated with congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis verified by functional studies
Authors: Nam Tai‐Seung , Li Wenting , Yoon Somy , Eom Gwang Hyeon , Kim Myeong‐Kyu , Jung Sung Taek , Choi Seok‐Yong 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCongenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA), also known as hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type IV, features loss of pain sensation, decreased or absent sweating (anhidrosis), recurrent episodes of unexplained fever, self‐mutilating behavior, and variable mental retardation. Mutations in neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1 (NTRK1) have been reported to be associated with CIPA. We identified four novel NTRK1 mutations in six Korean patients from four unrelated families. Of the four mutations, we demonstrated using a splicing assay that IVS14+3A>T causes aberrant splicing of NTRK1 mRNA, leading to introduction of a premature termination codon. An NTRK1 autophosphorylation assay showed that c.1786G>A (p.Asp596Asn) abolished autophosphorylation of NTRK1. In addition, Western blotting showed that c.704C>G (p.Ser235*) and c.2350_2363del (p.Leu784Serfs*79) blunted NTRK1 expression to undetectable levels. The four novel NTRK1 mutations we report here will expand the repertoire of NTRK1 mutations in CIPA patients, and further our understanding of CIPA pathogenesis.
An explanatory study on the concept of nursing presence from the perspective of patients admitted to hospitals
Authors: Mohammadipour Fatemeh , Atashzadeh‐Shoorideh Foroozan , Parvizy Soroor , Hosseini Meimanat 
Published: February 2017

Aims and objectivesTo clarify the concept of nursing presence through patients’ perception.BackgroundThe holistic caring process at the bedside must incorporate the concept of nursing presence. Most of the research about nursing presence is based on nurses’ experiences, and research into patients’ experiences is minimal. According to goals of patient centredness, the association between the patient satisfaction and nursing presence, and patients’ ability to understand this concept, it is important to explore this concept from the patients’ perspective.DesignA qualitative approach.MethodsBased on purposive sampling technique, 12 patients were recruited. After participant observation, 15 interviews were carried out with participants. Data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using conventional qualitative content analysis.ResultsFive main categories were drawn from the data including informed concentration, task‐centred/patient‐centred relationship, clarification of meanings, comprehensive participation and accountable encounter. Data analysis alongside the authors’ reflections resulted in the emergence of one overarching theme, ‘coconstructed interaction’, which shows the notion that effective nurse–patient interaction enhances cooperation, coordination and collaboration in caring and improves nursing outcomes.ConclusionsAccordingly, the nursing presence would be ideal for patient‐centred caring.Relevance to clinical practiceKnowing the perspectives of patients is important as the evaluation of nursing care quality should rely on outcome indicators that are sensitive to patients. For instance, client satisfaction and health status acceptance, especially as it relates to coping, comfort level, hope, and participation in decision‐making, are included in the nursing outcomes’ classification system. Thus, the findings of this study may facilitate improvement in the quality of care by continuous improvement in knowledge, attitudes and abilities of nurses. It is therefore recommended that managers and clinical nurses, by relying on these findings, design the caring activities so that nurses’ presence can act as a facilitating factor for improving quality assurance.
Dynamic relationships between personal resources and work engagement in entrepreneurs
Authors: Laguna Mariola , Razmus Wiktor , Żaliński Adam 
Published: February 2017

The paper presents a longitudinal study that tests the postulates of social cognitive theory in real‐life settings on a sample of entrepreneurs – people who established and managed their firms. This study explores the reciprocal relationships between entrepreneurs’ personal resources and work engagement over time. It extends the dynamic understanding of entrepreneurship, explaining the role of work‐related self‐efficacy and positive affect – enthusiasm in relation to entrepreneurial activity engagement. In a longitudinal field study with three measurement times, 206 entrepreneurs took part. The results of structural equation modelling revealed that the model with reciprocal relationships between variables is the best fitting model. In this model, enthusiasm predicts work‐related self‐efficacy in the next two measurement times and is positively related to work engagement in entrepreneurs. Self‐efficacy beliefs, in turn, predict work engagement and enthusiasm, while work engagement predicts enthusiasm. In consequence, the results reveal that there are reciprocal relationships between self‐efficacy, positive affect, and work engagement among entrepreneurs, uncovering the dynamic interrelations between personal resources and work engagement over time. The resource gain spirals have not been confirmed.Practitioner points

Work‐related self‐efficacy and enthusiasm towards work lead to engagement in entrepreneurial activity, which in turn mobilize further positive beliefs and affect.

The development of interventions that aim at increasing self‐efficacy and help to regulate affect may lead entrepreneurs to maintain engagement in their work.
Incidence of lip malignancies in Germany—data from nine population‐based cancer registries
Authors: Singer Susanne , Zeissig Sylke Ruth , Emrich Katharina , Holleczek Bernd , Kraywinkel Klaus , Ressing Meike 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to analyse the incidence of lip malignancies in Germany.MethodsData from population‐based cancer registries covering a population of 39 million inhabitants from 14 federal states were pooled. Lip malignancies were classified according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐10). Age‐standardised incidence rates and annual percentage changes in the incidence trends of lip cancer (C00), melanoma of the lip (C43.0), and non‐melanoma skin cancer of the lip (C44.0) were calculated.ResultsLip cancer (C00) incidence rate was 0.57/0.15 per 100 000 (men/women) in 2003 and 0.52/0.18 in 2012. In women, the change was statistically significant.Melanoma lip cancer (C43.0) incidence rates both in men and women were 0.02 in 2003 and 0.01 in 2012. Incidence rates of non‐melanoma skin cancer of the lip (C44.0) significantly increased from 1.6 in 2003 to 2.1 in 2012 in men and from 1.5 in 2003 to 2.4 in 2012 in women.In lip cancer (C00), the vast majority (98% in men/93% in women) were squamous cell carcinomas and 2%/7% were basal cell carcinoma. In men, 56% of non‐melanoma skin cancers (C44.0) were squamous cell carcinoma, whereas these were only 27% in women.ConclusionsThe incidences of non‐melanoma skin cancer of the lip increased over time in Germany in both sexes. Lip cancer incidence increased in women, while it stayed stable in men. Melanoma of the lip did not change in incidence. The distribution of histology in non‐melanoma skin cancer of the lip differed by sex.
Unveiling and initial characterization of neural crest‐like cells in mesenchymal populations from the human periodontal ligament
Authors: Ramírez‐García L. , Cevallos R. , Gazarian K. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveTo identify cells with neural crest properties in mesenchymal populations isolated from human periodontal ligament.BackgroundEvidence from tracing experiments on animal embryos revealed proof that dental tissues are among the homing sites of craniofacial neural crest migratory cells. In humans, similar migratory cells were found in early embryos, but whether these cells are progeny of oral multipotent stem cells needs to be confirmed. Searching for the cells with neural crest characteristics in periodontal ligament mesenchymal populations can lead to a solution to the problem.Material and MethodsPopulations from the human periodontal ligament were cultured in media supplemented with various concentrations of fetal bovine serum (FBS); assays were performed to evaluate the expression of neural crest, mesenchymal and multipotency genes.ResultsIn periodontal ligament populations cultured in the standard expansion medium containing minimal amounts of FBS (0.5% or 1%) or lacking FBS, growing numbers of epithelial‐like cells emerged, co‐expressing neural crest‐specific (p75, HNK‐1, SOX10), the epithelialization (E‐cadherin) and mesenchymal (CD73 and CD105) markers.ConclusionThe human periodontal ligament contains a subpopulation of dormant neural crest‐like cells, which can be highlighted by culturing at FBS concentrations below 2% or in a serum‐free medium.
In vitro evaluation of the human gingival fibroblast/gingival mesenchymal stem cell dynamics through perforated guided tissue membranes: cell migration, proliferation and membrane stiffness assay
Authors: Gamal A. Y. , Al‐Berry N. N. , Hassan A. A. , Rashed L. A. , Iacono V. J. 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundMigration of gingival fibroblasts/gingival mesenchymal stem cells through macro‐perforated barrier membranes may allow them to participate positively in periodontal regeneration. The optimal guided tissue membrane perforation diameter that could favor maximum cell migration into the defect area and at the same time act as an occlusive barrier for gingival epithelium and its associated gingival extracellular matrix component is not yet identified.Material and MethodsCultured human gingival fibroblasts/gingival mesenchymal stem cells were placed in the upper chambers of 12‐well collagen‐coated polytetrafluoroethylene transwells, which were manually perforated with 0.2, 0.4 and 0.7 mm sized pores. The lower chambers of the transwells received blood clot as an attraction medium. The number of cells that have migrated to the lower chambers was calculated. Proliferation of these cells was evaluated using MTT assay. Scanning electron microscopy images were obtained for the lower surfaces of the transwell membranes. Perforated bovine collagen membranes (Tutopatch®) were subjected to mechanical testing to determine the tensile strength and modulus of elasticity.ResultsGroup 3 (0.7 mm) showed significantly higher values for cell migration and proliferation. All groups showed a small degree of extracellular matrix migration through membrane perforations. Scanning electron microscopy evaluation revealed variable numbers of cells in fibrin matrices located mainly around the pore edges. There were non‐significant differences between groups regarding mechanical properties.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrated that macro‐membrane perforations of 0.2, 0.4 and 0.7 mm are suitable pore diameters that could maintain membrane stiffness and allow for cellular migration. However, these membrane perforation diameters did not allow for total gingival connective tissue isolation.
The Canine POMC Gene, Obesity in Labrador Retrievers and Susceptibility to Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Davison L.J. , Holder A. , Catchpole B. , O'Callaghan C.A. 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) in dogs is a common endocrinopathy with a complex genetic architecture. Disease susceptibility in several breeds is associated with polymorphisms in immune response genes, but in the Labrador retriever breed, no genetic associations with DM have been identified. A deletion in the pro‐opiomelanocortin (POMC) gene in Labrador retrievers is associated with increased appetite and risk of obesity.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo characterize the POMC deletion in Labrador retrievers, to develop a simple genetic test for this mutation, and to test the hypothesis that the POMC gene deletion is associated with an increased risk of DM in this breed.AnimalsSixty‐one non‐diabetic Labrador retrievers aged >6 years and 57 Labrador retrievers with DM.MethodsCase–control genotyping study to compare the frequency of the POMC deletion in dogs with and without DM. After polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing to characterize the mutation, a PCR‐based test was developed and validated using 2 different restriction fragment length polymorphism assays.ResultsA 14‐base‐pair deletion was confirmed and localized to exon 3 of the canine POMC gene. A PCR‐based test for the deletion was successfully developed. There was no association between the presence of the POMC deletion mutation and DM in this population of Labrador retriever dogs (P = .31).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThis study adds to the existing scientific literature indicating that there is little evidence for a direct link between obesity and DM in dogs.
Social minds in Romanticism
Authors: Savarese John 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis essay examines how recoveries of Romantic sociability have led to a renewed focus on the social mind, a subject of intense interest in Romantic‐era politics and science. The essay first traces the shift from Romantic scholarship's recovery of “the social” to more recent approaches to social networks. The second section examines how studies of sensibility and affect have enabled new work on Romantic empiricism. The final section points to some recent work that reframes Romantic empiricism, and the very question of the social encounter, in ways that suggest future directions for philosophical, scientific, and aesthetic approaches to the social mind.
Absence of thrombocytopaenia and/or microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia does not reliably exclude recurrence of atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome after kidney transplantation
Authors: Krishnan Anoushka R , Siva Brian , Chakera Aron , Wong Germaine , Wong Daniel , Lim Wai H 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA 54‐year‐old man was diagnosed with atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (aHUS) with confirmed complement H mutation in 2012, requiring ongoing dialysis. He was commenced on eculizumab in 2014 once the pharmaceutical board approved this drug. After 4 months, he received a live unrelated donor renal transplant from his wife and continued eculizumab post‐transplant. Three months later, there was a rise in his creatinine with no laboratory features of haemolysis and a kidney biopsy confirmed rejection, which was treated with increased immunosuppression. After completing 12 months of treatment with eculizumab, he opted for close monitoring rather than continuation with therapy. Five months post‐cessation of the drug, there was a rise in creatinine, and once again, haematological parameters remained within reference range; however, his kidney biopsy showed features consistent with recurrence of aHUS; hence, eculizumab was recommenced with good effect. While there was no evidence of haemolysis, there was a gradual rise in LDH level and a drop in platelet count, although the parameters remained within the normal range. This suggests that aHUS can recur in the allograft in the absence of haematological abnormalities. Clinicians should have a low threshold for allograft biopsy if haematological parameters are not just outside the reference range, but possibly also if there are changes of at least >25% from baseline in platelet count and LDH levels, particularly in those patients who are no longer eligible for eculizumab.
Life‐threatening pregnancy‐associated atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome and its response to eculizumab
Authors: Gately Ryan , San Aye , Kurtkoti Jagadeesh , Parnham Alan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPregnancy‐associated atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (P‐aHUS) is a rare, potentially lethal condition that can complicate pregnancy in up to 1 in 25 000 cases. Without prompt diagnosis and initiation of appropriate treatment, this condition can lead to disastrous consequences for both mother and child. Given the broad spectrum of conditions that can present similarly in the peripartum period, it is often difficult to establish the correct diagnosis in a timely manner. Recently, the terminal complement cascade inhibitor eculizumab has been used with considerable success in non‐pregnancy HUS; however, its use in P‐aHUS is limited to isolated case reports. Here, we present a case of fulminant P‐aHUS in the postpartum period that was successfully treated with eculizumab resulting in significant recovery of renal function.
Learning by experience? Visceral pain‐related neural and behavioral responses in a classical conditioning paradigm
Authors: Icenhour A. , Labrenz F. , Ritter C. , Theysohn N. , Forsting M. , Bingel U. , Elsenbruch S. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundStudies investigating mechanisms underlying nocebo responses in pain have mainly focused on negative expectations induced by verbal suggestions. Herein, we addressed neural and behavioral correlates of nocebo responses induced by classical conditioning in a visceral pain model.MethodsIn two independent studies, a total of 40 healthy volunteers underwent classical conditioning, consisting of repeated pairings of one visual cue (CSHigh) with rectal distensions of high intensity, while a second cue (CSLow) was always followed by low‐intensity distensions. During subsequent test, only low‐intensity distensions were delivered, preceded by either CSHigh or CSLow. Distension intensity ratings were assessed in both samples and functional magnetic resonance imaging data were available from one study (N=16). As a consequence of conditioning, we hypothesized CSHigh‐cued distensions to be perceived as more intense and expected enhanced cue‐ and distension‐related neural responses in regions encoding sensory and affective dimensions of pain and in structures associated with pain‐related fear memory.Key ResultsDuring test, distension intensity ratings did not differ depending on preceding cue. Greater distension‐induced neural activation was observed in somatosensory, prefrontal, and cingulate cortices and caudate when preceded by CSHigh. Analysis of cue‐related responses revealed strikingly similar activation patterns.Conclusions & InferencesWe report changes in neural activation patterns during anticipation and visceral stimulation induced by prior conditioning. In the absence of behavioral effects, markedly altered neural responses may indicate conditioning with visceral signals to induce hypervigilance rather than hyperalgesia, involving altered attention, reappraisal, and perceptual acuity as processes contributing to the pathophysiology of visceral pain.
What characteristics of nutrition and physical activity interventions are key to effectively reducing weight gain in obese or overweight pregnant women? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yeo SeonAe , Walker Jennifer S. , Caughey Melissa C. , Ferraro Amanda M. , Asafu‐Adjei Josephine K. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryLifestyle interventions targeting gestational weight gain (GWG) report varying degrees of success. To better understand factors influencing efficacy, we reviewed randomized trials specifically among obese and overweight pregnant women.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and a meta‐analysis of 32 studies with a pooled population of 5,869 overweight or obese pregnant women. Random effects models were fit to compute the weighted mean difference (WMD) in GWG between groups across studies. Subgroup analyses were conducted to compare intervention efficacy in overweight vs. obese pregnant women, and interventions delivered by prenatal care providers (PCPs) vs. non‐PCPs during pregnancy. Moderator analyses ensured.ResultsNine (28%) of 32 studies reported significant reductions in GWG in response to intervention. Of these, six (66%) of nine were delivered by PCPs. Overall, the WMD in GWG was −1.71 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −2.55, −0.86) kg. However, interventions delivered by PCPs yielded a significantly greater reduction in GWG compared to interventions delivered by non‐PCPs (WMD = −3.88 kg; 95% CI: −7.01, −0.75 vs. ‐0.80 kg; 95% CI: −1.32, −0.28; p for difference = 0.005).ConclusionWhen PCPs counsel nutrition and physical activity, obese and overweight pregnant women have greater success meeting GWG targets and may be more motivated to modify their behaviour than with other modes of intervention deliveries.
Salivary levels of interleukin‐8 and growth factors are modulated in patients with geographic tongue
Authors: Dafar A , Bankvall M , Garsjö V , Jontell M , Çevik‐Aras H 
Published: February 2017

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to determine the levels of salivary epidermal growth factor (EGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as well as interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) in patients with geographic tongue (GT), as compared to control subjects.MethodologyAn enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the levels of IL‐8, EGF and VEGF in whole saliva samples collected from 34 patients with GT and 38 control subjects. The patients and controls were grouped and matched according to age, gender and the presence of systemic diseases, which are factors that may influence the levels of salivary biomarkers.ResultsAll patients with GT displayed significantly higher levels of IL‐8 than the controls (P < 0.001). The young female patients also showed reduced levels of EGF (P < 0.05) and VEGF (P < 0.05), as compared to the young male patients where no such differences were observed. Interestingly, high levels of IL‐8 (P < 0.001) and VEGF (P < 0.05) were detected in the patients with GT who also suffered from hypertension.ConclusionWe consider IL‐8 an inflammatory mediator, which contributes to the acute inflammatory response found in GT. EGF and VEGF also seem to be involved in the pathophysiology of GT.