bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The development of the asymmetrically dominated decoy effect in young children
Authors: Zhen Shanshan , Yu Rongjun 
Published: March 2016

AbstractOne classic example of context-independent violations is the asymmetrically dominated decoy effect, in which adding a decoy option (inferior option) to a set of original options often increases the individual’s preference for one option over the other original option. Despite the prevalence of this effect, little is known about its developmental origins. Moreover, it remains contentious whether the decoy effect is a result of biological evolution or is learned from social experience. Here, we investigated the decoy effect in 3- to 7-year-old children (n = 175) and young adults (n = 52) using a simple perceptual task. Results showed that older children (5-year-olds and 7-year-olds), but not younger children (3-year-olds), exhibited a decoy effect. Nevertheless, children as young as age 5 exhibited a decoy effect that was not significantly different from that shown by young adults. These findings suggest that humans start to appreciate the relative values of options at around age 5.
Plasma levels of oxidative stress-responsive apoptosis inducing protein (ORAIP) in rats subjected to physicochemical oxidative stresses
Authors: Yao Takako , Fujimura Tsutomu , Murayama Kimie , Seko Yoshinori 
Published: March 2016

Oxidative stress is known to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of various disorders including atherosclerosis, aging and especially ischaemia/reperfusion injury. It causes cell damage that leads to apoptosis. However, the precise mechanism has been uncertain. Recently, we identified an apoptosis-inducing humoral factor in a hypoxia/reoxygenated medium of cardiac myocytes. We named this novel post-translationally modified secreted form of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) as oxidative stress-responsive apoptosis inducing protein (ORAIP). We developed a sandwich ELISA and confirmed that myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion markedly increased plasma levels of ORAIP. To investigate whether the role of ORAIP is common to various types of oxidative stress, we measured plasma ORAIP levels in rats subjected to three physicochemical models of oxidative stress including N2/O2 inhalation, cold/warm-stress (heat shock) and blood acidification. In all three models, plasma ORAIP levels significantly increased and reached a peak level at 10–30 min after stimulation, then decreased within 60 min. The (mean±S.E.M.) plasma ORAIP levels before and after (peak) stimulation were (16.4±9.6) and (55.2±34.2) ng/ml in N2/O2 inhalation, (14.1±12.4) and (34.3±14.6) ng/ml in cold/warm-stress, and (18.9±14.3) and (134.0±67.2) ng/ml in blood acidification study. These data strongly suggest that secretion of ORAIP in response to oxidative stress is universal mechanism and plays an essential role. ORAIP will be an important novel biomarker as well as a specific therapeutic target of these oxidative stress-induced cell injuries.
Courant-sharp eigenvalues of the three-dimensional square torus
Authors: Léna Corentin 
Published: March 2016

In this paper, we determine, in the case of the Laplacian on the flat three-dimensional torus

(

R

/

Z

)
3

(\mathbb {R}/\mathbb {Z})^3\,

, all the eigenvalues having an eigenfunction which satisfies the Courant nodal domain theorem with equality (Courant-sharp situation). Following the strategy of Å. Pleijel (1956), the proof is a combination of an explicit lower bound of the counting function and a Faber–Krahn-type inequality for domains in the torus, deduced, as in the work of P. Bérard and D. Meyer (1982), from an isoperimetric inequality. This inequality relies on the work of L. Hauswirth, J. Pérez, P. Romon, and A. Ros (2004) on the periodic isoperimetric problem.
Synchronized vector solutions to an elliptic system
Authors: He Qihan , Peng Shuangjie 
Published: March 2016

In this paper, we establish a relationship between the elliptic system
\[

{

−
Δ
u
+
λ
u
=

μ
1

|

u

|

2
p

u
+

β
1

|

v

|

q
1

|

u

|

p
1

−
1

u
,

x
∈
Ω
,

−
Δ
v
+
λ
v
=

μ
2

|

v

|

2
p

v
+

β
2

|

u

|

q
2

|

v

|

p
2

−
1

v
,

x
∈
Ω
,

u
=
v
=
0

on

∂
Ω
,

\left \{ \begin {array}{ll} -\Delta u +\lambda u=\mu _1 |u|^{2p}u+\beta _1 |v|^{q_1} |u|^{p_1-1}u,~~x\in \Omega ,\\ -\Delta v +\lambda v=\mu _2 |v|^{2p}v+\beta _2 |u|^{q_2} |v|^{p_2-1}v,~~x\in \Omega ,\\ u=v=0~~\hbox {on}~ \partial \Omega ,\\ \end {array} \right .

\]
and its corresponding single elliptic problem, where

λ
∈

R

\lambda \in \mathbb {R}

,

β
i

>
0
,

μ
i

>
0
,

p
i

,

q
i

≥
0
,
1
>

p
i

+

q
i

=
2
p
+
1

\beta _i>0, \mu _i>0, p_i,q_i\ge 0, 1>p_i+q_i =2p+1

for

i
=
1
,
2

i=1,2

, and

Ω
⊂

R

N

(
N
≥
1
)

\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^N\,(N\ge 1)

can be a bounded or unbounded domain. By using this fact, we can obtain many results on the existence, non-existence and uniqueness of classical vector solutions to this system via the related single elliptic problem.
The left side of Cichoń’s diagram
Authors: Goldstern Martin , Mejía Diego , Shelah Saharon 
Published: March 2016

Using a finite support iteration of ccc forcings, we construct a model of

ℵ
1

>

a
d
d

(

N

)
>

c
o
v

(

N

)
>

b

>

n
o
n

(

M

)
>

c
o
v

(

M

)
=

c

\aleph _1>\mathrm {add}(\mathcal {N})>\mathrm {cov}(\mathcal {N})>\mathfrak {b}> \mathrm {non}(\mathcal {M})>\mathrm {cov}(\mathcal {M})=\mathfrak {c}

.
Prolonged survival after bevacizumab rechallenge in glioblastoma patients with previous response to bevacizumab†
Authors: Balaña Carmen , Estival Anna , Pineda Estela , Sepúlveda Juan , Mesía Carles , del Barco Sonia , Gil-Gil Miguel , Hardy Max , Indacoechea Alberto , Cardona Andrés Felipe 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Background.
The use of bevacizumab for recurrent glioblastoma is controversial. Here we show data on patients who responded to bevacizumab, then stopped bevacizumab for any reason other than progression and were rechallenged with bevacizumab at the time of subsequent progression.

Methods.
This retrospective study included 28 patients, classified in 2 cohorts: those for whom the first exposure to bevacizumab (BEV-1) was first-line treatment for newly diagnosed glioblastoma (Bev-F; N = 12) and those for whom BEV-1 was second- or third-line treatment for recurrent disease after standard treatment (Bev-S; N = 16).

Results.
All patients received standard radiotherapy plus temozolomide. Bev-F patients also received concomitant bevacizumab. All 28 patients received a total of 57 treatment lines with bevacizumab (12 first-line and 45 second- or further-line). Twenty-nine lines were rechallenges (BEV-2 [N = 26] or BEV-3 [N = 3]). Objective response to rechallenge was 58.6% and clinical benefit was 89.6%. Overall survival (OS) was 55 months for RPA class IV and 26.7 months for RPA class V patients (P = .01). OS was 26.7 months for Bev-F patients and 52.1 months for Bev-S patients (P = .004). Post-progression survival was 20 months for Bev-F patients and 39.6 months for Bev-S patients (HR = 0.26; P = .007).

Conclusion.
This is the largest study to examine the impact of a bevacizumab rechallenge in glioblastoma patients who had responded to previous bevacizumab treatment but who stopped before progression. Our findings indicate that these patients can attain a second response or clinical benefit from re-introduction of bevacizumab. The potential benefit from intermittent versus continuous treatment warrants comparison in clinical trials.
Absence of Active Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Clinics in Zambia and Mozambique
Authors: Wandeler Gilles , Mulenga Lloyd , Hobbins Michael , Joao Candido , Sinkala Edford , Hector Jonas , Aly Musa , Chi Benjamin H. , Egger Matthias , Vinikoor Michael J. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Few studies have evaluated the prevalence of replicating hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Among 1812 individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus, no patient in rural Mozambique and 4 patients in urban Zambia were positive for anti-HCV antibodies. Of these, none had confirmed HCV replication.
Lipid-free Fluoropolymer-based Propofol Emulsions and Lipid Reversal of Propofol Anesthesia in Rats
Authors: Parks Colby L. , Tucker William , Amlong Corey A. , Mecozzi Sandro , Pearce Robert A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAbstract
Three propofol nanoemulsions prepared using novel semifluorinated surfactants were as effective and as potent as Diprivan in impairing the righting reflex of rats with bolus dosing, without apparent toxic effects. A bolus of lipid emulsion accelerated clearance of propofol from its effect site after an induction dose of either lipid-based Diprivan or lipid-free fluoropolymer-based emulsions but was more effective for the lipid-free emulsion.

Background
Propofol, as a lipid-based emulsion, is effective at inducing anesthesia. It does, however, suffer from several drawbacks, including microbial growth, hyperlipidemia, and pain on injection. In this study, the authors examined the ability of four lipid-free propofol nanoemulsions to induce anesthesia in rats and tested whether a subsequent lipid bolus would accelerate emergence from anesthesia.

Methods
The authors administered five formulations of propofol intravenously to six rats, delivering five different doses five times each, in a repeated-measures randomized crossover design and measured time to loss and recovery of righting reflex. The formulations included (1) Diprivan (AstraZeneca, United Kingdom); (2) L3, incorporating a semifluorinated surfactant plus egg lecithin; (3) B8, incorporating a semifluorinated surfactant only; (4) F8, incorporating a semifluorinated surfactant plus perfluorooctyl bromide; and (5) L80, incorporating egg lecithin only. In a second phase of the study, the authors administered a lipid bolus immediately after a dose of B8 or Diprivan.

Results
All formulations except L80 impaired the righting reflex without apparent toxic effects. The authors estimated the threshold dose for induction by determining the x-intercept of the linear regression between time to recovery versus log dose. Threshold doses ranged from 5.8 (95% CI, 5.5 to 6.2) to 8.6 (95% CI, 7.2 to 10.2) mg/kg. A 15 ml/kg lipid bolus resulted in an accelerated clearance.

Conclusions
Three of the four novel lipid-free fluoropolymer-based formulations showed efficacy in producing anesthesia, which was comparable to that of Diprivan, and a lipid bolus hastened recovery. These novel propofol formulations have the potential to avoid complications seen with the existing lipid-based formulation.
OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY FEATURES OF BRANCH RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION
Authors: Shahlaee Abtin , Hong Bryan K. , Ho Allen C. 
Published: March 2016

Purpose:
Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a novel technology that uses motion contrast instead of dye to generate angiographic images. Using several modalities of OCTA, the authors describe and compare changes observed in branch retinal vein occlusion.

Methods:
A case series of three patients with OCTA imaging.

Results:
Despite presenting at different time frames, the authors found common imaging findings consisting of vascular hypoperfusion, increased tortuosity, and telangiectasia in all their cases. Furthermore, macular edema and intraretinal fluid were noted on the en-face angiograms. The extent of vascular and structural alterations could clearly be delineated in superficial and deep retinal networks. However, fine capillary alterations were better appreciated on smaller-size scans.

Conclusion:
With the ability to noninvasively visualize vascular flow, OCTA could serve as a new diagnostic tool for current ophthalmic research and clinical practice. Such findings can help supplement other imaging modalities in establishing a diagnosis and monitoring disease progression over time. This would potentially be useful in regard to ischemic processes such as branch retinal vein occlusion and diseases affecting different layers of the retinal vasculature.
Patterns of Self-care in Adults With Heart Failure and Their Associations With Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics, Quality of Life, and Hospitalizations
Authors: Vellone Ercole , Fida Roberta , Ghezzi Valerio , D’Agostino Fabio , Biagioli Valentina , Paturzo Marco , Strömberg Anna , Alvaro Rosaria , Jaarsma Tiny 
Published: March 2016

Background:
Self-care is important in heart failure (HF) treatment, but patients may have difficulties and be inconsistent in its performance. Inconsistencies in self-care behaviors may mirror patterns of self-care in HF patients that are worth identifying to provide interventions tailored to patients.

Objectives:
The aims of this study are to identify clusters of HF patients in relation to self-care behaviors and to examine and compare the profile of each HF patient cluster considering the patient’s sociodemographics, clinical variables, quality of life, and hospitalizations.

Methods:
This was a secondary analysis of data from a cross-sectional study in which we enrolled 1192 HF patients across Italy. A cluster analysis was used to identify clusters of patients based on the European Heart Failure Self-care Behaviour Scale factor scores. Analysis of variance and χ
2 test were used to examine the characteristics of each cluster.

Results:
Patients were 72.4 years old on average, and 58% were men. Four clusters of patients were identified: (1) high consistent adherence with high consulting behaviors, characterized by younger patients, with higher formal education and higher income, less clinically compromised, with the best physical and mental quality of life (QOL) and lowest hospitalization rates; (2) low consistent adherence with low consulting behaviors, characterized mainly by male patients, with lower formal education and lowest income, more clinically compromised, and worse mental QOL; (3) inconsistent adherence with low consulting behaviors, characterized by patients who were less likely to have a caregiver, with the longest illness duration, the highest number of prescribed medications, and the best mental QOL; (4) and inconsistent adherence with high consulting behaviors, characterized by patients who were mostly female, with lower formal education, worst cognitive impairment, worst physical and mental QOL, and higher hospitalization rates.

Conclusion:
The 4 clusters identified in this study and their associated characteristics could be used to tailor interventions aimed at improving self-care behaviors in HF patients.
Care-Seeking for Stress Incontinence and Overactive Bladder Among Parous Women in the First Two Decades After Delivery
Authors: Fitzgerald Jocelyn , Pierce Christopher , Nugent Joann , Blomquist Joan , Handa Victoria L. 
Published: March 2016

Objective
This study aimed to establish the extent to which care-seeking for urinary incontinence is a function of symptom bother; and to identify bother-score thresholds that predict care-seeking in the first 2 decades after delivery.

Methods
In this longitudinal cohort, women were assessed annually for symptom bother related to stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and overactive bladder (OAB), as well as for recent episodes of care-seeking for urinary symptoms. Because the goal was to model care-seeking as a function of the woman's characteristics at her prior visit, women who completed 2 or more consecutive visits were included. The population was randomly divided into “training” (model development) and “testing” (model validation) sets. The predictive model was developed in the training set. For SUI and OAB bother scores, we identified thresholds to define statistically distinct probabilities of care-seeking. A multivariable model was created, including SUI and OAB bother categories as well as characteristics associated with care seeking at the P < 0.05 level. The resultant prediction model was then applied to the “testing set”; predicted and observed care-seeking frequencies were compared.

Results
Care-seeking was strongly associated with SUI and OAB bother. We defined 3 categories for OAB score and 4 categories for SUI score. The resulting 12 risk categories were then collapsed into 5 distinct risk-groups. These groups accurately predicted care-seeking in the testing set (area under the receiver operating curve, 0.760; 95% confidence interval, 0.713–0.807). Inclusion of other risk factors did not improve the model.

Conclusions
Symptom bother is a strong determinant of care-seeking in the first 2 decades after delivery. These results define 5 ordinal categories that predict seeking care for urinary symptoms in a community population.
Investor sentiment and share returns: evidence on family firms
Authors: Vieira Elisabete F. Simões 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of investor sentiment on share returns, exploring whether this effect is different for public family and non-family firms.

Design/methodology/approach
The author uses the European Economic Sentiment Indicator data, from Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs as a proxy for investor sentiment and focused on the share returns of family and non-family firms, using panel data methodology.

Findings
Using data from listed family and non-family firms for the period between 1999 and 2011, in accordance with behavioural finance theory, the results indicate that there is a negative relationship between sentiment and share returns. In addition, the author found no difference between family and non-family firms in what concerns the effect of sentiment on share returns. The evidence also suggests that young, large and medium growth firms are most affected by sentiment. Finally, the results suggest that the evidence concerning the relationship between sentiment and returns is sensitive to the proxy used to measure the sentiment.

Research limitations/implications
A limitation of this study is the small size of the sample, which is due to the small size of the Portuguese stock market, the Euronext Lisbon.

Originality/value
This paper offers some insights into the effect of investor sentiment on the share returns in the context of public family firms, a strand of finance that is scarcely developed. It also contributes to the analysis of a small European country, with a high concentration of equity ownership.
Feedback-based coaching towards school leaders’ professional development
Authors: Nicolaidou Maria , Karagiorgi Yiasemina , Petridou Alexandra 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to discuss feedback-based group coaching as a strategy towards school leaders’ development. On the basis of data collected within the framework of the project “Professional Learning through Feedback and Reflection” (PROFLEC), this case study explores the Cypriot school leaders’ views about feedback and coaching as developmental tools. The PROFLEC project was implemented in participating countries during 2013-2015 and involved completing an online leadership self-assessment inventory, training as well as coaching sessions.Design/methodology/approach– Observations and interviews with coachees and coaches illustrate participants’ views on feedback-based group coaching, the critical conditions of its implementation and the perceived value of the particular model.Findings– The study concludes that feedback-based group coaching can enhance school leaders’ organisational socialisation and learning; yet, certain aspects, such as the nature of the feedback, the role of the coaches, the establishment of trust as well as voluntary participation are required to enhance reflection towards action for school leaders.Originality/value– This paper supports the importance of feedback-based group coaching as a developmental strategy for school leaders.
Configuration of supply chain integration and delivery performance
Authors: Samaranayake Premaratne , Laosirihongthong Tritos 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework of integrated supply chain model that can be used to measure, evaluate and monitor operational performance under dynamic and uncertain conditions.

Design/methodology/approach
– The research methodology consists of two stages: configuration of a conceptual framework of integrated supply chain model linked with performance measures and illustration of the integrated supply chain model and delivery performance using a case of dairy industry. The integrated supply chain model is based on a unitary structuring technique and forms the basis for measuring and evaluating supply chain performance. Delivery performance with variation of demand (forecast and actual) is monitored using a fuzzy-based decision support system, based on three inputs: capacity utilization (influenced by production disruption), raw materials shortage and quality of dairy products.

Findings
– Integration of supply chain components (materials, resources, operations, activities, suppliers, etc.) of key processes using unitary structuring approach enables information integration in real time for performance evaluation and monitoring in complex supply chain situations. In addition, real-time performance monitoring is recognized as being of great importance for supply chain management in responding to uncertainties inherent in the operational environment.

Research limitations/implications
– Implementation of an integrated model requires maintenance of supply chain components with all necessary data and information in a system environment such as enterprise resource planning.

Practical implications
– The integrated model provides decision-makers with an overall view of supply chain components and direct links that need to be maintained for supply chain performance evaluation and monitoring. Wider adaptation and diffusion of the proposed model require further validation of the model and feasibility of implementation, using real-time data and information on selected performance measures.

Originality/value
– Integration of supply chain components across supply chain processes directly linked with performance measures is a novel approach for effective supply chain performance evaluation and monitoring in complex supply chains under dynamic and uncertain conditions.
Alltech FEI World Equestrian Games
Authors: Medcalfe Simon , Frentzel Caroliegh 
Published: March 2016

Synopsis
This case requires students to analyze the economic impact of a sporting mega-event. Mega-events are defined as infrequent events (maybe spread over several days) that attract a large crowd of visitors. Economic impact studies are becoming ubiquitous in analyzing the impact of sporting events, universities and other businesses. Properly constructed these reports can be valuable tools for decision makers. Unfortunately, many impact studies are not constructed accurately and may mislead and misrepresent information. This case raises these issues so that students may be better placed to critically analyze the impact of mega-events.

Research methodology
There are a number of academic articles that have analyzed these types of events and they are referred to in this case and instructor’s manual. The academic articles are complemented by one of the author’s firsthand knowledge of the event through working at the World Equestrian Games, a third-party economic impact study and media reports.

Relevant courses and levels
The case would be appropriate for a variety of undergraduate courses including upper-level economics (particularly regional economics or local economic development), marketing, sport management as well as some finance courses such as public finance. Outside of business courses, it would be well suited to a course in political economy or public policy. The case could potentially be used in a graduate course in sports management or a course in local economic development (in an MBA or MPA program).