bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histology, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization reveal overlooked Ebola virus target tissues in the Ebola virus disease guinea pig model
Authors: Cooper Timothy K. , Huzella Louis , Johnson Joshua C. , Rojas Oscar , Yellayi Sri , Sun Mei G. , Bavari Sina , Bonilla Amanda , Hart Randy , Jahrling Peter B. , Kuhn Jens H. , Zeng Xiankun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSurvivors of Ebola virus infection may become subclinically infected, but whether animal models recapitulate this complication is unclear. Using histology in combination with immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization in a retrospective review of a guinea pig confirmation-of-virulence study, we demonstrate for the first time Ebola virus infection in hepatic oval cells, the endocardium and stroma of the atrioventricular valves and chordae tendinae, satellite cells of peripheral ganglia, neurofibroblasts and Schwann cells of peripheral nerves and ganglia, smooth muscle cells of the uterine myometrium and vaginal wall, acini of the parotid salivary glands, thyroid follicular cells, adrenal medullary cells, pancreatic islet cells, endometrial glandular and surface epithelium, and the epithelium of the vagina, penis and, prepuce. These findings indicate that standard animal models for Ebola virus disease are not as well-described as previously thought and may serve as a stepping stone for future identification of potential sites of virus persistence.
The action of a negative allosteric modulator at the dopamine D2 receptor is dependent upon sodium ions
Authors: Draper-Joyce Christopher J. , Verma Ravi Kumar , Michino Mayako , Shonberg Jeremy , Kopinathan Anitha , Klein Herenbrink Carmen , Scammells Peter J. , Capuano Ben , Abramyan Ara M. , Thal David M. , Javitch Jonathan A. , Christopoulos Arthur , Shi Lei , Lane J. Robert 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSodium ions (Na+) allosterically modulate the binding of orthosteric agonists and antagonists to many class A G protein-coupled receptors, including the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R). Experimental and computational evidences have revealed that this effect is mediated by the binding of Na+ to a conserved site located beneath the orthosteric binding site (OBS). SB269652 acts as a negative allosteric modulator (NAM) of the D2R that adopts an extended bitopic pose, in which the tetrahydroisoquinoline moiety interacts with the OBS and the indole-2-carboxamide moiety occupies a secondary binding pocket (SBP). In this study, we find that the presence of a Na+ within the conserved Na+-binding pocket is required for the action of SB269652. Using fragments of SB269652 and novel full-length analogues, we show that Na+ is required for the high affinity binding of the tetrahydroisoquinoline moiety within the OBS, and that the interaction of the indole-2-carboxamide moiety with the SBP determines the degree of Na+-sensitivity. Thus, we extend our understanding of the mode of action of this novel class of NAM by showing it acts synergistically with Na+ to modulate the binding of orthosteric ligands at the D2R, providing opportunities for fine-tuning of modulatory effects in future allosteric drug design efforts.
Hyperbaric oxygen reduces inflammation, oxygenates injured muscle, and regenerates skeletal muscle via macrophage and satellite cell activation
Authors: Oyaizu Takuya , Enomoto Mitsuhiro , Yamamoto Naoki , Tsuji Kunikazu , Horie Masaki , Muneta Takeshi , Sekiya Ichiro , Okawa Atsushi , Yagishita Kazuyoshi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBO) promotes rapid recovery from soft tissue injuries. However, the healing mechanism is unclear. Here we assessed the effects of HBO on contused calf muscles in a rat skeletal muscle injury model. An experimental HBO chamber was developed and rats were treated with 100% oxygen, 2.5 atmospheres absolute for 2 h/day after injury. HBO reduced early lower limb volume and muscle wet weight in contused muscles, and promoted muscle isometric strength 7 days after injury. HBO suppressed the elevation of circulating macrophages in the acute phase and then accelerated macrophage invasion into the contused muscle. This environment also increased the number of proliferating and differentiating satellite cells and the amount of regenerated muscle fibers. In the early phase after injury, HBO stimulated the IL-6/STAT3 pathway in contused muscles. Our results demonstrate that HBO has a dual role in decreasing inflammation and accelerating myogenesis in muscle contusion injuries.
Pressure effect on impurity local vibrational mode and phase transitions in n-type iron-doped indium phosphide
Authors: Lin Chih-Ming , Hsu I-Jui , Lin Sin-Cheng , Chuang Yu-Chun , Chen Wei-Ting , Liao Yen-Fa , Juang Jenh-Yih 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe evolution of iron local vibrational mode (Fe LVM) and phase transitions in n-type iron-doped indium phosphide (InP:Fe) were investigated at ambient temperature. In-situ angle-dispersive X-ray diffraction measurements revealed that InP:Fe starts to transform from zinc-blende (ZB) to rock-salt (RS) structure around 8.2(2) GPa and completes around 16.0(2) GPa. The Raman shift of both transverse and longitudinal optical modes increases monotonically with increasing pressure, while their intensities become indiscernible at 11.6(2) GPa, suggesting that the pressure-induced phase transition is accompanied by significant metallization. In contrast, originally absent at ambient pressure, the Raman shift of Fe LVM appears at ∼420 cm−1 near 1.2 GPa and exhibits a dome shape behavior with increasing pressure, reaching a maximum value of ∼440 cm−1 around 5 GPa, with an apparent kink occurring around the ZB-RS transition pressure of ∼8.5(2) GPa. The Fe K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) confirmed the tetrahedral site occupation of Fe3+ with a crystal field splitting parameter Δ
t
= 38 kJ·mole−1. Our calculations indicate that the energy parameters governing the phase transition are Δt = 0.49 and Δ
o
= 1.10 kJ·mole−1, respectively, both are much smaller than Δ
t
= 38 kJ·mole−1 at ambient.
Selection and validation of reference genes for qRT-PCR analysis of gene expression in Microsporum canis growing under different adhesion-inducing conditions
Authors: Ciesielska Anita , Stączek Paweł 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDermatophytes are the group of filamentous fungi infecting keratinized structures such as skin, hair, and nails. Knowledge about genes and molecular mechanisms responsible for pathogenicity, as well as other biological properties of Microsporum canis is still relatively poor. The qRT-PCR is a reliable technique for quantifying gene expression across various biological processes, and choosing a set of suitable reference genes to normalize the expression data is a crucial step of this technique. We investigated the suitability of nine candidate reference genes: β-act, β-tub, adp-rf, ef1-α, sdha, rpl2, mbp1, psm1, and rGTPa for gene expression analysis in the dermatophyte M. canis in response to different carbon sources, phosphate levels, and pH shifts - factors that are extremely important and necessary for growth of dermatophyte in the host tissue. The transcription stability of these genes was evaluated using NormFinder, geNorm, BestKeeper, and RefFinder software. Regarding expression stability, mbp1, β-act, and sdha were the most stable housekeeping genes which we recommend for future qRT-PCR studies on M. canis strains. To the best of our knowledge this is the first study on selection and validation of reference genes for qRT-PCR data normalization in M. canis growth in culture media which promote adhesion-inducing conditions.
A urine-dependent human urothelial organoid offers a potential alternative to rodent models of infection
Authors: Horsley Harry , Dharmasena Dhanuson , Malone-Lee James , Rohn Jennifer L. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMurine models describe a defined host/pathogen interaction for urinary tract infection, but human cell studies are scant. Although recent human urothelial organoid models are promising, none demonstrate long-term tolerance to urine, the natural substrate of the tissue and of the uropathogens that live there. We developed a novel human organoid from progenitor cells which demonstrates key structural hallmarks and biomarkers of the urothelium. After three weeks of transwell culture with 100% urine at the apical interface, the organoid stratified into multiple layers. The apical surface differentiated into enlarged and flattened umbrella-like cells bearing characteristic tight junctions, structures resembling asymmetric unit membrane plaques, and a glycosaminoglycan layer. The apical cells also expressed cytokeratin-20, a spatial feature of the mammalian urothelium. Urine itself was necessary for full development, and undifferentiated cells were urine-tolerant despite the lack of membrane plaques and a glycosaminoglycan layer. Infection with Enterococcus faecalis revealed the expected invasive outcome, including urothelial sloughing and the formation of intracellular colonies similar to those previously observed in patient cells. This new biomimetic model could help illuminate invasive behaviours of uropathogens, and serve as a reproducible test bed for disease formation, treatment and resolution in patients.
3,3′-Diaminobenzidine staining interferes with PCR-based DNA analysis
Authors: Dölle Christian , Bindoff Laurence A. , Tzoulis Charalampos 
Published: January 2018

Abstract3,3′-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) is a widely used chromogen in histological staining methods and stained tissue is often used in downstream molecular analyses such as quantitative PCR (qPCR). Using microdissected muscle fibers from sequential muscle sections stained by DAB-dependent and -independent methods, we show that DAB exerts a strong inhibitory effect on qPCR-based mitochondrial DNA quantification. This effect introduces a significant bias in the estimation of mitochondrial DNA copy number and deletion levels between DAB-positive and -negative fibers. We reproduce our findings in microdissected neurons from human brain tissue, suggesting a general effect of DAB staining on PCR analyses independent of the underlying tissue or cell type. Using an exogenous DNA template added to tissue samples we provide evidence that DAB-staining predominantly interferes with the tissue-derived DNA template rather than inhibiting DNA polymerase activity. Our results suggest that DAB-based staining is incompatible with PCR-based quantification methods and some of the previously reported results employing this approach should be reconsidered.
Abnormal Speech Motor Control in Individuals with 16p11.2 Deletions
Authors: Demopoulos Carly , Kothare Hardik , Mizuiri Danielle , Henderson-Sabes Jennifer , Fregeau Brieana , Tjernagel Jennifer , Houde John F. , Sherr Elliott H. , Nagarajan Srikantan S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSpeech and motor deficits are highly prevalent (>70%) in individuals with the 600 kb BP4-BP5 16p11.2 deletion; however, the mechanisms that drive these deficits are unclear, limiting our ability to target interventions and advance treatment. This study examined fundamental aspects of speech motor control in participants with the 16p11.2 deletion. To assess capacity for control of voice, we examined how accurately and quickly subjects changed the pitch of their voice within a trial to correct for a transient perturbation of the pitch of their auditory feedback. When compared to controls, 16p11.2 deletion carriers show an over-exaggerated pitch compensation response to unpredictable mid-vocalization pitch perturbations. We also examined sensorimotor adaptation of speech by assessing how subjects learned to adapt their sustained productions of formants (speech spectral peak frequencies important for vowel identity), in response to consistent changes in their auditory feedback during vowel production. Deletion carriers show reduced sensorimotor adaptation to sustained vowel identity changes in auditory feedback. These results together suggest that 16p11.2 deletion carriers have fundamental impairments in the basic mechanisms of speech motor control and these impairments may partially explain the deficits in speech and language in these individuals.
Conflict-sensitive neurons gate interocular suppression in human visual cortex
Authors: Katyal Sucharit , Vergeer Mark , He Sheng , He Bin , Engel Stephen A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractNeural suppression plays an important role in cortical function, including sensory, memory, and motor systems. It remains, however, relatively poorly understood. A paradigmatic case arises when conflicting images are presented to the two eyes. These images can compete for awareness, and one is usually strongly suppressed. The mechanisms that resolve such interocular conflict remain unclear. Suppression could arise solely from “winner-take-all” competition between neurons responsive to each eye. Alternatively, suppression could also depend upon neurons detecting interocular conflict. Here, we provide physiological evidence in human visual cortex for the latter: suppression depends upon conflict-sensitive neurons. We recorded steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP), and used the logic of selective adaptation. The amplitude of SSVEP responses at intermodulation frequencies strengthened as interocular conflict in the stimulus increased, suggesting the presence of neurons responsive to conflict. Critically, adaptation to conflict both reduced this SSVEP effect, and increased the amount of conflict needed to produce perceptual suppression. The simplest account of these results is that interocular-conflict-sensitive neurons exist in human cortex: adaptation likely reduced the responsiveness of these neurons which in turn raised the amount of conflict required to produce perceptual suppression. Similar mechanisms may be used to resolve other varieties of perceptual conflict.
Hearing capacities and morphology of the auditory system in Serrasalmidae (Teleostei: Otophysi)
Authors: Mélotte Geoffrey , Parmentier Eric , Michel Christian , Herrel Anthony , Boyle Kelly 
Published: January 2018

AbstractLike all otophysan fishes, serrasalmids (piranhas and relatives) possess a Weberian apparatus that improves their hearing capacities. We compared the hearing abilities among eight species of serrasalmids having different life-history traits: herbivorous vs. carnivorous and vocal vs. mute species. We also made 3D reconstructions of the auditory system to detect potential morphological variations associated with hearing ability. The hearing structures were similar in overall shape and position. All the species hear in the same frequency range and only slight differences were found in hearing thresholds. The eight species have their range of best hearing in the lower frequencies (50–900 Hz). In vocal serrasalmids, the range of best hearing covers the frequency spectrum of their sounds. However, the broad overlap in hearing thresholds among species having different life-history traits (herbivorous vs. carnivorous and vocal vs. non-vocal species) suggests that hearing ability is likely not related to the capacity to emit acoustic signals or to the diet, i.e. the ability to detect sounds is not associated with a given kind of food. The inner ear appears to be highly conservative in this group suggesting that it is shaped by phylogenetic history or by other kinds of constraints such as predator avoidance.
Guided cracking of electrodes by stretching prism-patterned membrane electrode assemblies for high-performance fuel cells
Authors: Ahn Chi-Yeong , Jang Segeun , Cho Yong-Hun , Choi Jiwoo , Kim Sungjun , Kim Sang Moon , Sung Yung-Eun , Choi Mansoo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractGuided cracks were successfully generated in an electrode using the concentrated surface stress of a prism-patterned Nafion membrane. An electrode with guided cracks was formed by stretching the catalyst-coated Nafion membrane. The morphological features of the stretched membrane electrode assembly (MEA) were investigated with respect to variation in the prism pattern dimension (prism pitches of 20 μm and 50 μm) and applied strain (S ≈ 0.5 and 1.0). The behaviour of water on the surface of the cracked electrode was examined using environmental scanning electron microscopy. Guided cracks in the electrode layer were shown to be efficient water reservoirs and liquid water passages. The MEAs with and without guided cracks were incorporated into fuel cells, and electrochemical measurements were conducted. As expected, all MEAs with guided cracks exhibited better performance than conventional MEAs, mainly because of the improved water transport.
Imaging the water snowline in a protostellar envelope with H13CO+
Authors: van ’t Hoff Merel L. R. , Persson Magnus V. , Harsono Daniel , Taquet Vianney , Jørgensen Jes K. , Visser Ruud , Bergin Edwin A. , van Dishoeck Ewine F. 
Published: January 2018

Context. Snowlines are key ingredients for planet formation. Providing observational constraints on the locations of the major snowlines is therefore crucial for fully connecting planet compositions to their formation mechanism. Unfortunately, the most important snowline, that of water, is very difficult to observe directly in protoplanetary disks because of the close proximity of this snowline to the central star.
Aims. Based on chemical considerations, HCO+ is predicted to be a good chemical tracer of the water snowline because it is particularly abundant in dense clouds when water is frozen out. This work aims to map the optically thin isotopolog H13CO+ toward the envelope of the low-mass protostar NGC 1333-IRAS2A, where the snowline is at a greater distance from the star than in disks. Comparison with previous observations of H218O show whether H13CO+ is indeed a good tracer of the water snowline.
Methods. NGC 1333-IRAS2A was observed using the NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA) at ~0.′′9 resolution, targeting the H13CO+ J = 3 − 2 transition at 260.255 GHz. The integrated emission profile was analyzed using 1D radiative transfer modeling of a spherical envelope with a parametrized abundance profile for H13CO+. This profile was validated with a full chemical model.
Results. The H13CO+ emission peaks ~ 2′′ northeast of the continuum peak, whereas H218O shows compact emission on source. Quantitative modeling shows that a decrease in H13CO+ abundance by at least a factor of six is needed in the inner ~360 AU to reproduce the observed emission profile. Chemical modeling indeed predicts a steep increase in HCO+ just outside the water snowline; the 50% decrease in gaseous H2O at the snowline is not enough to allow HCO+ to be abundant. This places the water snowline at 225 AU, further away from the star than expected based on the 1D envelope temperature structure for NGC 1333-IRAS2A. In contrast, DCO+ observations show that the CO snowline is at the expected location, making an outburst scenario unlikely.
Conclusions. The spatial anticorrelation of H13CO+ and H218O emission provide proof of concept that H13CO+ can be used as a tracer of the water snowline.
Accurate millimetre and submillimetre rest frequencies for cis- and trans-dithioformic acid, HCSSH
Authors: Prudenzano D. , Laas J. , Bizzocchi L. , Lattanzi V. , Endres C. , Giuliano B. M. , Spezzano S. , Palumbo M. E. , Caselli P. 
Published: January 2018

Context. A better understanding of sulphur chemistry is needed to solve the interstellar sulphur depletion problem. A way to achieve this goal is to study new S-bearing molecules in the laboratory, obtaining accurate rest frequencies for an astronomical search. We focus on dithioformic acid, HCSSH, which is the sulphur analogue of formic acid.
Aims. The aim of this study is to provide an accurate line list of the two HCSSH trans and cis isomers in their electronic ground state and a comprehensive centrifugal distortion analysis with an extension of measurements in the millimetre and submillimetre range.
Methods. We studied the two isomers in the laboratory using an absorption spectrometer employing the frequency-modulation technique. The molecules were produced directly within a free-space cell by glow discharge of a gas mixture. We measured lines belonging to the electronic ground state up to 478 GHz, with a total number of 204 and 139 new rotational transitions, respectively, for trans and cis isomers. The final dataset also includes lines in the centimetre range available from literature.
Results. The extension of the measurements in the mm and submm range lead to an accurate set of rotational and centrifugal distortion parameters. This allows us to predict frequencies with estimated uncertainties as low as 5 kHz at 1 mm wavelength. Hence, the new dataset provided by this study can be used for astronomical search.
Hidrocefalia aguda essencial
Authors: Souza Hugo de , Doutel Francisco , Borges Carlos Augusto , de Azevedo Ronaldo Gonçalves , Junior Walter Oliveira , Ribeiro Carlos Henrique 
Published: January 2018

Resumo
Objetivo: Apresentar discussão sobre o tema hidrocefalia aguda e a necessidade de se identificar os subtipos com a finalidade de proporcionar subsídios para a melhor compreensão e abordagem nessas situações. Considerações: A hidrocefalia é um distúrbio da dinâmica do líquido cefalorraquidiano em que há uma expansão do compartimento liquórico encefálico, notadamente do sistema ventricular. Por meio da revisão de literatura, evidencia-se uma extensa classificação com base em parâmetros diversos. Assim, é possível se definir hidrocefalia congênita e adquirida; obstrutiva e por superprodução de liquor; interna e externa; de alta pressão e de pressão normal; aguda, subaguda e crônica; sintomática e assintomática; comunicante e não-comunicante; mono, bi, tri e tetraventricular; “ex vacuo” e “arrested hydrocephalus”. Neste contexto complexo e diversificado, a hidrocefalia aguda tem seu diagnóstico freqüentemente estabelecido com base no tempo de evolução da síndrome de hipertensão intracraniana, que normalmente a acompanha. Entretanto, como a ventriculomegalia não é um fenômeno passivamente determinado pela hipertensão liquórica intraventricular, ocorrem casos de dissociação entre o grau de dilatação ventricular e o grau de hipertensão intracraniana. Melhor seria, então, considerar como fator diagnóstico a presença de lesão obstrutiva indiscutivelmente aguda causadora da hidrocefalia. Porém, ainda assim, julgamos necessário distinguir-se um subtipo que exige uma abordagem direta independentemente da conduta adotada para a lesão expansiva inicial, a que denominamos hidrocefalia aguda essencial, em oposição ao subtipo hidrocefalia aguda não-essencial, cuja resolução é dependente da resolução da lesão expansiva que lhe deu origem. Conclusão: O conceito de hidrocefalia aguda essencial é operacional e de apurada precisão técnica, capaz de proporcionar subsídios à melhor abordagem da hidrocefalia aguda. Entretanto, ainda é necessária uma melhor compreensão do papel desempenhado pelos compartimentos estruturais encefálicos, pela ventriculomegalia e pelo hemoventrículo na fisiopatogenia das hidrocefalias em geral e das hidrocefalias agudas em particular.
Produzindo um pôster científico
Authors: Pereira Carlos Umberto , Paixão Oliveira Débora Moura da 
Published: January 2018

Resumo
Objetivo: Demonstrar como organizar as informações de modo que as idéias centrais de trabalhos científicos na forma pôster sejam facilmente apreendidas, bem como orientar a utilizar os recursos disponíveis para o pôster despertar o interesse do público. Apresentações no formato pôster tornam-se uma parte cada vez mais importante de conferências científicas, são excelentes para apresentadores iniciantes por ser consideradas menos desafiadoras do que as apresentações orais.Um pôster bem desenhado dá ao público uma vista geral e concisa de pesquisa, metodologia, tamanho da amostra, resultados e suas implicações, por isso requer o esforço considerável em identificar os ingredientes vitais e rejeitar todo o material supérfluo.