bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intravital Imaging Study on Photodamage Produced by Femtosecond Near‐infrared Laser Pulses In Vivo
Authors: Arkhipov Sergey N. , Saytashev Ilyas , Dantus Marcos 
Published: January 2016

AbstractUltrashort femtosecond pulsed lasers may provide indispensable benefits for medical bioimaging and diagnosis, particularly for noninvasive biopsy. However, the ability of femtosecond laser irradiation to produce biodamage in the living body is still a concern. To solve this biosafety issue, results of theoretical estimations as well as the in vitro and in situ experiments on femtosecond biodamage should be verified by experimental studies conducted in vivo. Here, we analyzed photodamage produced by femtosecond (19, 42 and 100 fs) near‐infrared (NIR; ~800 nm) laser pulses with an average power of 5 and 15 mW in living undissected Drosophila larvae (in vivo). These experimental data on photodamage in vivo agree with the results of theoretical modeling of other groups. Femtosecond NIR laser pulses may affect the concentration of fluorescent biomolecules localized in mitochondria of the cells of living undissected Drosophila larva. Our findings confirm that the results of the mathematical models of femtosecond laser ionization process in living tissues may have a practical value for development of noninvasive biopsy based on the use of femtosecond pulses.
Tumour Necrosis Factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) and its soluble receptor type 1 (sTNFR I) in human active and healed leishmaniases
Authors: Nateghi Rostami M. , Seyyedan Jasbi E. , Khamesipour A. , Mohammadi A. M. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryThe role of tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) is not fully understood in human leishmaniasis. We analysed the alterations in the levels of TNF‐α, soluble TNF receptor type 1 (sTNFR I), IL‐17 and IL‐22 productions in active and healed leishmaniases. Blood samples were collected from volunteers with active cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL), the same subjects after lesion healing (healed CL = HCL), volunteers with active visceral leishmaniasis (AVL), healed VL (HVL) and healthy controls. Levels of cytokines were titrated on Leishmania Ag‐stimulated PBMC culture. The mean level of TNF‐α production from stimulated cells was significantly higher in ACL than controls (P < 0·001) and significantly reduced after treatment in HCL volunteers (P < 0·05). The mean level of sTNFR I production was significantly higher in ACL than controls (P < 0·001) and significantly reduced after treatment in HCL volunteers (P < 0·05). The mean level of IL‐22 production in AVL was significantly higher than controls (P < 0·05) and was significantly lower in HVL compared with AVL (P < 0·001) and controls (P < 0·05). The levels of TNF‐α (P = 0·0025) and sTNFR I (P < 0·01) productions from PBMCs showed significant decreasing trend after treatment in each CL volunteer. Reduction in TNF‐α is associated with clinical response to treatment and healing of CL lesions due to L. major.
Cluster biodiversity as a multidimensional structure evolution strategy: checkerspot butterflies of the group Euphydryas aurinia (Rottemburg, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
Authors: KORB STANISLAV K. , BOLSHAKOV LAVR V. , FRIC ZDENEK F. , BARTONOVA ALENA 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn the present paper, we explore the evolution of cluster structure in closely related species in the Euphydryas aurinia complex based on morphological (wing pattern, genital armatures) and molecular (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) characters. Male genitalia differ in the length and shape of the uncus, harpe and juxta branches, by the shape of some parts of the phallus, and by the amount of spikes on the ventral section of the valva. The main trends in the vertical distribution of the E. aurinia group are dwarfism with increasing altitude, coupled with enlargement of paler and darker‐coloured elements of the wing pattern, increasing the overall contrast. Unlike the Euphydryas maturna, the E. aurinia complex forms many local populations specialized under different ecological conditions, probably affected by different evolutionary scenarios. The phylogenetic analysis of the group reveals two ecologically distinct subgroups: one associated with the boreal forest‐mesophyllic meadow biome and one associated with the xeromesophyllic steppe biome. Within each group, two major ecological strategies have evolved in parallel: montane and lowland. Based on the results of the analyses, we revise the nomenclature as follows: E. aurinia pyrenesdebilis (Verity, 1928), stat. rev. (= debilis Oberthür, 1909, syn.n., nomen nudum), E. aurinia bulgarica (Fruhstorfer, 1916), stat. rev., E. aurinia provincialis (Boisduval, 1828), stat. rev. and E. beckeri (Lederer, 1853), stat. rev. The following name‐bearing types are designated: neotype of Papilio aurinia Rottemburg, 1775, neotype of Papilio merope de Prunner, 1798, lectotype of Melitaea beckeri Lederer, 1853, and lectotype of Melitaea aurinia banghaasi Seitz, 1908. All name‐bearing types are figured. A new subspecies, Euphydryas laeta ostracon Korb, Bolshakov, Fric, ssp.n., is described (type locality by holotype data: Kazakhstan, Vostochno‐Kazakhstanskaya Oblast, Shemonaikha).
Antimony deposits in the Variscan Armorican belt, a link with mafic intrusives?
Authors: Pochon Anthony , Gapais Denis , Gloaguen Eric , Gumiaux Charles , Branquet Yannick , Cagnard Florence , Martelet Guillaume 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe Variscan Armorican belt was the World leading producer of antimony at the beginning of the twentieth century. However, geological controls on the deposits remain unconstrained. Here, we illustrate the field setting of mineralisations and perform a statistical analysis using Geographical Information System software, geophysical and geological data. The analysis shows that Sb deposits are spatially correlated with high‐density and magnetic zones. This may reflect the presence of mafic/ultramafic bodies at depth – a suggestion that is further supported by numerous occurrences of doleritic dykes throughout the region. Future antimony prospecting should focus on the high‐density and high‐magnetic zones which comprise about 18% of the Armorican massif. Links between Sb deposits and mafic intrusions are recognised elsewhere in the West European Variscan belt, emphasising that these may be key for antimony prospecting in deformation belts.
Transfusion practice in dogs and cats: an Internet‐based survey
Authors: Jagodich Tiffany A. , Holowaychuk Marie K. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize and compare current canine and feline transfusion practices at private referral hospitals (PRH) and veterinary teaching hospitals (VTH), including information regarding blood donor screening; blood product collection, storage, and administration; recipient screening; and monitoring during transfusions.DesignInternet‐based survey.SubjectsSixty‐five board‐certified specialist veterinarians, 3 veterinarians, and 5 veterinary technicians from 53 PRH and 20 VTH.MethodsA survey was disseminated via email LIST‐SERVs; 1 survey response per hospital was included.Main ResultsSurvey results revealed that PRH more commonly obtained canine and feline blood products solely from blood banks (P< 0.05) and VTH more commonly used hospital‐run donor programs (P< 0.05). Canine cryo‐poor plasma was more likely to be stored by VTH compared to PRH (P= 0.018) and VTH were more likely to store canine fresh platelet products for >72 hours (P= 0.046). The use of client‐owned canine donors (P= 0.043), administration of precollection 1‐deamino‐8‐d‐arginine vasopressin to canine donors (P= 0.041), and storage of blood products in a dedicated refrigerator (P= 0.003) and −20°C or −80°C freezer (P= 0.044) were more common in VTH than PRH. However, the use of a refrigerator freezer (P= 0.001), single bag canine collection systems (P= 0.021), and agglutination cards for feline blood typing (P= 0.032), as well as warming of blood products prior to administration (P= 0.021) were more commonly reported by PRH compared to VTH.ConclusionsAlthough some transfusion practices including the method and length of storage of blood products, use and screening of blood donors, and administration methods varied between VTH and PRH, most transfusion practices were similar. The information reported from this survey could aid the development of future veterinary transfusion consensus statements.
Tracking Morning Fatigue Status Across In-Season Training Weeks in Elite Soccer Players
Authors: Thorpe Robin T. , Strudwick Anthony J. , Buchheit Martin , Atkinson Greg , Drust Barry , Gregson Warren 
Published: January 2016

Purpose:To quantify the mean daily changes in training and match load and any parallel changes in indicators of morningmeasured fatigue across in-season training weeks in elite soccer players.Methods:After each training session and match (TL), session ratings of perceived exertion (s-RPE) were recorded to calculate overall session load (RPE-TL) in 29 English Premier League players from the same team. Morning ratings of fatigue, sleep quality, and delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), as well as submaximal exercise heart rate (HRex), postexercise heart-rate recovery (HRR%), and heart-rate variability (HRV) were recorded before match day and 1, 2, and 4 d postmatch. Data were collected for a median duration of 3 wk (range 1–13) and reduced to a typical weekly cycle including no midweek match and a weekend match day. Data were analyzed using withinsubject linear mixed models.Results:RPE-TL was approximately 600 arbitrary units (AU) (95% confidence interval 546–644) higher on match day than following day (P < .001). RPE-TL progressively decreased by »60 AU per day over the 3 days before a match (P < .05). Morning-measured fatigue, sleep quality, and DOMS tracked the changes in RPE-TL, being 35–40% worse on postmatch day vs prematch day (P < .001). Perceived fatigue, sleep quality, and DOMS improved by 17–26% from postmatch day to 3 d postmatch, with further smaller (7%–14%) improvements occurring between 4 d postmatch and prematch day (P < .01). There were no substantial or statistically significant changes in HRex, HRR%, or HRV over the weekly cycle (P > .05).Conclusions:Morning-measured ratings of fatigue, sleep quality, and DOMS are clearly more sensitive than HR-derived indices to the daily fluctuations in session load experienced by elite soccer players in a standard in-season week.
Monitoring Physical and Cognitive Overload During a Training Camp in Professional Female Cyclists
Authors: Decroix Lieselot , Piacentini Maria Francesca , Rietjens Gerard , Meeusen Romain 
Published: January 2016

Purpose:High training loads combined with other stressors can lead to performance decrements. The time needed to recover determines the diagnosis of (non)-functional overreaching or the overtraining syndrome. The aim of this study was to describe the effects of an 8-day (intensified) training camp of professional female cyclists on physical and cognitive performance.Methods:Nine subjects performed a 30-min time trial (TT), cognitive test, and Profile of Mood States questionnaire before, during, and after a training camp (49% increased training volume). On data collection, cyclists were classified as “overreached” (OR) or “adapted” (A) based on TT performance. Two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to detect changes in physical and cognitive parameters.Results: Five cyclists were described as OR based on decreased mean power output (MPO) (–7.03%) on day 8. Four cyclists were classified as A (increased MPO: +1.72%). MPO and maximal heart rate were significantly different between A and OR groups. A significant slower reaction time (RT) (+3.35%) was found in OR subjects, whereas RT decreased (–4.59%) in A subjects. The change in MPO was negatively correlated with change in RT in the cognitive test (R2 = .52).Conclusions:This study showed that the use of objective, inexpensive, and easy-to-interpret physical and cognitive tests can facilitate the monitoring of training adaptations in professional female athletes.
Helicobacter pylori Diversity and Gastric Cancer Risk
Authors: Cover Timothy L. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide.
Helicobacter pylori
infection is the strongest known risk factor for this malignancy. An important goal is to identify
H. pylori
-infected persons at high risk for gastric cancer, so that these individuals can be targeted for therapeutic intervention.
H. pylori
exhibits a high level of intraspecies genetic diversity, and over the past two decades, many studies have endeavored to identify strain-specific features of
H. pylori
that are linked to development of gastric cancer. One of the most prominent differences among
H. pylori
strains is the presence or absence of a 40-kb chromosomal region known as the
cag
pathogenicity island (PAI). Current evidence suggests that the risk of gastric cancer is very low among persons harboring
H. pylori
strains that lack the
cag
PAI. Among persons harboring strains that contain the
cag
PAI, the risk of gastric cancer is shaped by a complex interplay among multiple strain-specific bacterial factors as well as host factors. This review discusses the strain-specific properties of
H. pylori
that correlate with increased gastric cancer risk, focusing in particular on secreted proteins and surface-exposed proteins, and describes evidence from cell culture and animal models linking these factors to gastric cancer pathogenesis. Strain-specific features of
H. pylori
that may account for geographic variation in gastric cancer incidence are also discussed.
Escherichia coli Quorum-Sensing EDF, A Peptide Generated by Novel Multiple Distinct Mechanisms and Regulated by
trans
-Translation
Authors: Kumar Sathish , Kolodkin-Gal Ilana , Vesper Oliver , Alam Nawsad , Schueler-Furman Ora , Moll Isabella , Engelberg-Kulka Hanna 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

Eshcerichia coli mazEF
is a stress-induced toxin-antitoxin module mediating cell death and requiring a quorum-sensing (QS)
e
xtracellular
d
eath
f
actor (EDF), the pentapeptide NNWNN. Here we uncovered several distinct molecular mechanisms involved in its generation from the
zwf
mRNA encoding glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. In particular, we show that, under stress conditions, the endoribonuclease MazF cleaves specific ACA sites, thereby generating a leaderless
zwf
mRNA which is truncated 30 codons after the EDF-encoding region. Since the nascent ribosome peptide exit tunnel can accommodate up to 40 amino acids, this arrangement allows the localization of the EDF residues inside the tunnel when the ribosome is stalled at the truncation site. Moreover, ribosome stalling activates the
trans
-translation system, which provides a means for the involvement of ClpPX in EDF generation. Furthermore, the
trans
-translation is described as a regulatory system that attenuated the generation of EDF, leading to low levels of EDF in the single cell. Therefore, the threshold EDF molecule concentration required is achieved only by the whole population, as expected for QS.

IMPORTANCE
Bacteria communicate with one another via quorum-sensing (QS) signal molecules. QS provides a mechanism for bacteria to monitor each other’s presence and to modulate gene expression in response to population density. Previously, we added
E. coli
pentapeptide EDF to this list of QS molecules. We showed that, under stress conditions, the induced MazF, an endoribonuclease cleaving at ACA sites, generates EDF from
zwf.
Here we studied the mechanism of EDF generation and asked whether it is related to EDF density dependency. We illustrated that, under stress conditions, multiple distinct complex mechanisms are involved in EDF generation. This includes formation of leaderless truncated
zwf
mRNA by MazF, configuration of a length corresponding to the nascent ribosome peptide exit tunnel, rescue performed by the
trans
-translation system, and cleavage by ClpPX protease.
trans
-Translation is described as a regulatory system attenuating EDF generation and leading to low levels of EDF in the single cell, as expected for QS.
Phase Ib Study of PEGylated Recombinant Human Hyaluronidase and Gemcitabine in Patients with Advanced Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Hingorani Sunil R. , Harris William P. , Beck J. Thaddeus , Berdov Boris A. , Wagner Stephanie A. , Pshevlotsky Eduard M. , Tjulandin Sergei A. , Gladkov Oleg A. , Holcombe Randall F. , Korn Ronald , Raghunand Natarajan , Dychter Samuel , Jiang Ping , Shepard H. Michael , Devoe Craig E. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPurpose: This phase Ib study evaluated the safety and tolerability of PEGylated human recombinant hyaluronidase (PEGPH20) in combination with gemcitabine (Gem), and established a phase II dose for patients with untreated stage IV metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). Objective response rate and treatment efficacy using biomarker and imaging measurements were also evaluated.Experimental Design: Patients received escalating intravenous doses of PEGPH20 in combination with Gem using a standard 3+3 dose-escalation design. In cycle 1 (8 weeks), PEGPH20 was administrated twice weekly for 4 weeks, then once weekly for 3 weeks; Gem was administrated once weekly for 7 weeks, followed by 1 week off treatment. In each subsequent 4-week cycle, PEGPH20 and Gem were administered once weekly for 3 weeks, followed by 1 week off. Dexamethasone (8 mg) was given pre- and post-PEGPH20 administration. Several safety parameters were evaluated.Results: Twenty-eight patients were enrolled and received PEGPH20 at 1.0 (n = 4), 1.6 (n = 4), or 3.0 μg/kg (n = 20), respectively. The most common PEGPH20-related adverse events were musculoskeletal and extremity pain, peripheral edema, and fatigue. The incidence of thromboembolic events was 29%. Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 5.0 and 6.6 months, respectively. In 17 patients evaluated for pretreatment tissue hyaluronan (HA) levels, median PFS and OS rates were 7.2 and 13.0 months for “high”-HA patients (n = 6), and 3.5 and 5.7 months for “low”-HA patients (n = 11), respectively.Conclusions: PEGPH20 in combination with Gem was well tolerated and may have therapeutic benefit in patients with advanced PDA, especially in those with high HA tumors. Clin Cancer Res; 22(12); 2848–54. ©2016 AACR.
Vaccination against Oncoproteins of HPV16 for Noninvasive Vulvar/Vaginal Lesions: Lesion Clearance Is Related to the Strength of the T-Cell Response
Authors: van Poelgeest Mariëtte I.E. , Welters Marij J.P. , Vermeij Renee , Stynenbosch Linda F.M. , Loof Nikki M. , Berends-van der Meer Dorien M.A. , Löwik Margriet J.G. , Hamming Ineke L.E. , van Esch Edith M.G. , Hellebrekers Bart W.J. , van Beurden Marc , Schreuder Henk W. , Kagie Marjolein J. , Trimbos J. Baptist M.Z. , Fathers Lorraine M. , Daemen Toos , Hollema Harry , Valentijn A. Rob P.M. , Oostendorp Jaap , Oude Elberink J. Hanneke N.G. , Fleuren Gertjan J. , Bosse Tjalling , Kenter Gemma G. , Stijnen Theo , Nijman Hans W. , Melief Cornelis J.M. , van der Burg Sjoerd H. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Purpose: Therapeutic vaccination with human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) E6 and E7 synthetic long peptides (SLP) is effective against HPV16-induced high-grade vulvar and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN/VaIN). However, clinical nonresponders displayed weak CD8+ T-cell reactivity. Here, we studied if imiquimod applied at the vaccine site could improve CD8+ T-cell reactivity, clinical efficacy, and safety of HPV16-SLP (ISA101).
Experimental Design: A multicenter open-label, randomized controlled trial was conducted in patients with HPV16+ high-grade VIN/VaIN. Patients received ISA101 vaccination with or without application of 5% imiquimod at the vaccine site. The primary objective was the induction of a directly ex vivo detectable HPV16-specific CD8+ T-cell response. The secondary objectives were clinical responses (lesion size, histology, and virology) and their relation with the strength of vaccination-induced immune responses.
Results: Forty-three patients were assigned to either ISA101 with imiquimod (n = 21) or ISA101 only (n = 22). Imiquimod did not improve the outcomes of vaccination. However, vaccine-induced clinical responses were observed in 18 of 34 (53%; 95% CI, 35.1–70.2) patients at 3 months and in 15 of 29 (52%; 95% CI, 32.5–70.6) patients, 8 of whom displayed a complete histologic response, at 12 months after the last vaccination. All patients displayed vaccine-induced T-cell responses, which were significantly stronger in patients with complete responses. Importantly, viral clearance occurred in all but one of the patients with complete histologic clearance.
Conclusions: This new study confirms that clinical efficacy of ISA101 vaccination is related to the strength of vaccine-induced HPV16-specific T-cell immunity and is an effective therapy for HPV16-induced high-grade VIN/VaIN. Clin Cancer Res; 22(10); 2342–50. ©2016 AACR.
See related commentary by Karaki et al., p. 2317
Comparison of Direct Covariance Flux Measurements from an Offshore Tower and a Buoy
Authors: Flügge Martin , Paskyabi Mostafa Bakhoday , Reuder Joachim , Edson James B. , Plueddemann Albert J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDirect covariance flux (DCF) measurements taken from floating platforms are contaminated by wave-induced platform motions that need to be removed before computation of the turbulent fluxes. Several correction algorithms have been developed and successfully applied in earlier studies from research vessels and, most recently, by the use of moored buoys. The validation of those correction algorithms has so far been limited to short-duration comparisons against other floating platforms. Although these comparisons show in general a good agreement, there is still a lack of a rigorous validation of the method, required to understand the strengths and weaknesses of the existing motion-correction algorithms. This paper attempts to provide such a validation by a comparison of flux estimates from two DCF systems, one mounted on a moored buoy and one on the Air–Sea Interaction Tower (ASIT) at the Martha’s Vineyard Coastal Observatory, Massachusetts. The ASIT was specifically designed to minimize flow distortion over a wide range of wind directions from the open ocean for flux measurements. The flow measurements from the buoy system are corrected for wave-induced platform motions before computation of the turbulent heat and momentum fluxes. Flux estimates and cospectra of the corrected buoy data are found to be in very good agreement with those obtained from the ASIT. The comparison is also used to optimize the filter constants used in the motion-correction algorithm. The quantitative agreement between the buoy data and the ASIT demonstrates that the DCF method is applicable for turbulence measurements from small moving platforms, such as buoys.