bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of annealing temperature and time on decrepitation of lump coals and characteristics of resultant coal chars
Authors: Zhang Shengfu , Qiu Shuxing , Peng Haijun , Sun Chenggong , Wen Liangying , Xu Jian , Bai Chenguang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe decrepitation of two Chinese lump coals was investigated using high‐temperature fast pyrolysis in a purpose‐designed furnace to simulate the reaction conditions in the coal‐based Corex ironmaking process, and evolution of functional group, porosity, crystallite structure as well as CO2 reactivity of resultant coal chars was characterized. The results demonstrate that the decrepitation index varied significantly for different coal samples and their particle sizes, because of the variable thermal stress induced. The decrepitation index increased with increasing temperature and particle size, and severe decrepitation was observed when coal particles were increased to 20 mm. The coal chars derived from Xinglongzhuang lump coal at different temperatures had much more developed macroporous structure than Datong lump coal chars. A significant change of the crystallite height demonstrated a great influence of temperature on carbon structure. The CO2 reactivity of coal chars decreased with increasing annealing time at different temperatures examined, but the effect of carbonization temperatures on their reactivity has the opposite behavior, which is related to the porosity development and carbon structure variation. The interrelations of these phenomena further suggest that the appropriate dome temperature is crucial for ensuring permeability of coal char bed in Corex except for coal type. Copyright © 2017 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. © 2017 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zeolite A‐polypropylene and silver‐zeolite A‐polypropylene composite films for antibacterial and breathable applications
Authors: Jiraroj Duangkamon , Tungasmita Sukkanaste , Tungasmita Duangamol Nuntasri 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTPolypropylene (PP) composite films were successfully prepared using melt blending by directly mixing PP pellets with zeolite A or silver‐zeolite A powder and then blowing. All the prepared films were characterized in terms of their physical, mechanical, optical, and gas permeability properties. The structure of each composite film was similar to that of the pure PP film. The crystallinity and glossy quality of the composite films were increased by the addition of silver, zeolite, and maleic anhydride grafted PP (PP‐g‐MA). The composite PP film with zeolite A and PP‐g‐MA exhibited a level of oxygen and carbon dioxide permeation (6438 and 15,087 cc m−2 day−1 atm−1, respectively). Finally, all the films were evaluated for their antibacterial activity and fruit packaging applications. Silver‐zeolite A‐PP composite films exhibited a bactericidal activity of 79% against Staphylococcus aureus and 52% against Escherichia coli, while the zeolite A‐PP film could extend the shelf‐life of bananas for over a week. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45450.
Distribution, habitat associations and conservation implications of Sri Lankan freshwater terrapins outside the protected area network
Authors: Karunarathna Suranjan , Amarasinghe A. A. Thasun , Henkanaththegedara Sujan , Surasinghe Thilina , Madawala Majintha , Gabadage Dinesh , Botejue Madhava 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Terrapins are integral to many freshwater ecosystems, yet are imperilled at a global scale. In Sri Lanka, terrapins are understudied; thus, much of their natural history and distribution status remain unknown. Such paucity of studies impedes conservation.
In this study, 79 freshwater habitats located outside the protected area network of south‐western Sri Lanka were surveyed to document current population densities and habitat use of two terrapin species: Indian black terrapin (Melanochelys trijuga thermalis) and flap‐shelled terrapin (Lissemys ceylonensis). Local inhabitants were interviewed to assess human threats towards terrapins.
Both species were recorded in low densities: 1–2 individuals ha−1. Indian black terrapin was found in half of the surveyed sites while flap‐shelled terrapin occurred in one‐third of the surveyed sites. Highly urbanized river basins had the lowest densities for both species while rural basins supported higher numbers. Basking was the predominant behaviour of both species and large woody debris and boulders were preferred as basking substrates, together with sparse‐canopy aquatic habitats with intact marshlands.
Overharvesting for meat was a major threat for terrapins. Most local inhabitants were unaware of legislation on terrapin conservation and the ecological importance of terrapins. Human threats such as pollution, modification of aquatic and wetland habitats, and loss of riparian forests were frequently observed in surveyed sites. Terrapin populations outside the protected area are at risk as evidenced by lower population densities and a multitude of human threats.
A landscape‐scale ecosystem‐based conservation approach is recommended for Sri Lanka's terrapins with incorporation of lands with different management regimes (privately owned, municipality managed) into the protected area network. Current environmental legislation should be revised to support buffer zone delineation for aquatic habitats, wetland restoration, and landscape‐scale connectivity.
Morphometric Variations in the Skin Layers of Frogs: An Exploration Into Their Relation With Ecological Parameters in Leptodactylus (Anura, Leptodactylidae), With an Emphasis on the Eberth‐Kastschenko Layer
Authors: Ponssa María Laura , Barrionuevo J. Sebastián , Pucci Alcaide Franco , Pucci Alcaide Ana 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTLeptodactylus is a genus of frogs known to live in diverse habitats and to show both aquatic and terrestrial breeding habits. We studied 21 species of Leptodactylus to explore whether skin structure specialization relates to habitats and habit variation. Morphometric analyses of the skin thickness revealed that phylogeny has a strong influence on variations in the thickness of the epidermis, stratum spongiosum, Eberth‐Kastschenko layer, and stratum compactum, while habitat and habits display no significant correlation. The optimization of the phylogenetic hypothesis suggested that a pattern of intermediate values for skin layer thickness are plesiomorphic for this group. Anat Rec, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 300:1895–1909, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Are autistic traits associated with suicidality? A test of the interpersonal‐psychological theory of suicide in a non‐clinical young adult sample
Authors: Pelton M. K. , Cassidy S. A. 
Published: July 2017

Autism spectrum conditions (ASC) has recently been associated with increased risk of suicidality. However, no studies have explored how autistic traits may interact with current models of suicidal behavior in a non‐clinical population. The current study therefore explored how self‐reported autistic traits interact with perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness in predicting suicidal behavior, in the context of the Interpersonal‐Psychological Theory of Suicide (IPTS). 163 young adults (aged 18–30 years) completed an online survey including measures of thwarted belonging and perceived burdensomeness (Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire), self‐reported autistic traits (Autism Spectrum Quotient), current depression (Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale), and lifetime suicidality (Suicide Behavior Questionnaire‐Revised). Results showed that burdensomeness and thwarted belonging significantly mediated the relationship between autistic traits and suicidal behavior. Both depression and autistic traits significantly predicted thwarted belonging and perceived burdensomeness. Autistic traits did not significantly moderate the relationship between suicidal behavior and thwarted belonging or perceived burdensomeness. Results suggest that the IPTS provides a useful framework for understanding the influence of autistic traits on suicidal behavior. However, the psychometric properties of these measures need be explored in those with clinically confirmed diagnosis of ASC. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1891–1904. © 2017 The Authors Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryRecent research has shown that people with high autistic traits are more likely to attempt suicide. However, no studies have explored why. We found that people with high autistic traits were more likely to experience feelings that they do not belong in the world, are a burden on others, and depression, which may increase their likelihood of attempting suicide. These results suggest that promoting inclusion and independence in those with high autistic traits could help prevent people attempting suicide.
Language and motor skills in siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder: A meta‐analytic review
Authors: Garrido Dunia , Petrova Dafina , Watson Linda R. , Garcia‐Retamero Rocio , Carballo Gloria 
Published: July 2017

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show significant linguistic and motor impairments compared to children with typical development (TD). Findings from studies of siblings of children with ASD show similarities to conclusions from studies of children with ASD. The current meta‐analysis reviewed studies reporting linguistic and/or motor skills in siblings of children with ASD compared to siblings of children with TD. Thirty‐four studies published between 1994 and 2016 met all inclusion criteria. We compared three different age groups (12 months or younger, 13 to 24 months, and 25 to 36 months). At 12 months, compared to siblings of children with TD, siblings of children with ASD had worse receptive language (d = −.43, 95% CI [−.53, −.33]) and expressive language skills (d = −.40, 95% CI [−.57, −.23]), and these effects were sustained at 24 and 36 months. Similar, albeit smaller differences in fine motor skills were detected at 12 months (d = −.22, 95% CI [−.39, −.04]), and these differences were larger at 36 months (d = −.36, 95% CI [−.54, −.17]). There were differences in gross motor skills at 12 months (d = −.22, 95% CI [−.40, −.04]), but only a few studies were available at later ages. Compared to siblings of children with TD, infants who have siblings with ASD have worse linguistic and motor skills. These differences are detectable as early as when infants are 12 months old and seem to be sustained until they are 3 years old. Differences in language skills are larger than those in motor skills, especially during the first year.Autism Res2017, 10: 1737–1750. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryWe reviewed studies reporting linguistic and/or motor skills in siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to those in siblings of children with typical development. The results showed that as a group, those infants who have siblings with ASD have less advanced linguistic and motor skills. These differences are detectable when infants are 12 months old and seem to be sustained until they are 3 years old. Differences in language skills are larger than those in motor skills.
The relationship of metabolic burden to productivity levels in CHO cell lines
Authors: Zou Wu , Edros Raihana , Al‐Rubeai Mohamed 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe growing demand for recombinant therapeutics has driven biotechnologists to develop new production strategies. One such strategy for increasing the expression of heterologous proteins has focused on enhancing cell‐specific productivity through environmental perturbations. In this work, the effects of hypothermia, hyperosmolarity, high shear stress, and sodium butyrate treatment on growth and productivity were studied using three (low, medium, and high producing) CHO cell lines that differed in their specific productivities of monoclonal antibody. In all three cell lines, the inhibitory effect of these parameters on proliferation was demonstrated. Additionally, compared to the control, specific productivity was enhanced under all conditions and exhibited a consistent cell line specific pattern, with maximum increases (50–290%) in the low producer, and minimum increases (7–20%) in the high producer. Thus, the high‐producing cell line was less responsive to environmental perturbations than the low‐producing cell line. We hypothesize that this difference is most likely due to the bottleneck associated with a higher metabolic burden caused by higher antibody expression. Increased recombinant mRNA levels and pyruvate carboxylase activities due to low temperature and hyperosmotic stress were found to be positively associated with the metabolic burden.
Untersuchungen von ebenen und gering vorgespannten Membranen unter Wind
Authors: Wagner Rosemarie , Heinlein Kai 
Published: July 2017

AbstractZelthallen werden vorwiegend für temporäre Nutzungen verwendet und bestehen aus einer Unterkonstruktion, die mit Membranen aus beschichtetem Gewebe bespannt wird. Die Membranen dieser Hallen besitzen entgegen den klassischen Vorstellungen des textilen Bauens keine Krümmung, sondern sind eben. Zum Verhalten von ebenen und gering vorgespannten Membranen unter Windlasten fehlen bis heute Grundlagen, die über die Bestimmung der einachsigen Zugfestigkeit hinausgehen. Von diesen Grundlagen sind im Folgenden die Versuchsergebnisse zur Abhängigkeit der Dehnungen von der Belastungsgeschwindigkeit für ein PVC‐beschichtetes Polyestergewebe zusammengestellt. Über das werkstoffbezogene Dämpfungsverhalten der beschichteten Gewebe, welches in Zelthallen eingesetzt wird, ist wenig bekannt. In einem Versuch, welcher möglichst realistisch das Einwirken einer Windböe auf die Membranen abbildet, ist das Schwingungsverhalten untersucht und in den wesentlichen Erkenntnissen zusammengefasst worden.
A dual discrimination mode for improved specificity towards let‐7a detection via a single‐base mutated padlock probe‐based exponential rolling circle amplification
Authors: Li Ruixue , Wang Yinan , Wang Pei , Lu Jianzhong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMicroRNA (miRNA) family members are usually highly homologous sequences, and it is a challenging task to selectively detect one miRNA member from other family members in medical diagnosis. Here, we describe the design of a dual discrimination mode for improved specificity towards let‐7a detection over the other members of the let‐7 family, in which an intentional base mutation was introduced into the padlock probe of an exponential rolling circle amplification. The inherent discrimination power of the padlock probe and the introduced base mutation constituted a dual discrimination mode, which provided enhanced specificity for let‐7a, even over single‐base mismatched family sequences. Furthermore, the assay enabled the quantitative detection of let‐7a in a dynamic range from 200 amol to 100 fmol. This technique has also been successfully applied to real small RNA samples extracted from human lung cancers. For the first time, through intentionally mutating one base on the padlock probe of the exponential rolling circle amplification (RCA), we improved the discrimination capability for let‐7 family members, while maintaining adequate sensitivity. Overall, this dual discrimination mode and the high amplification strategy have the potential to be extended to other short, but highly homologous, miRNA sequences.
‘Turn‐on’ fluorescent chemosensors based on naphthaldehyde‐2‐pyridinehydrazone compounds for the detection of zinc ion in water at neutral pH
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Li Yuanyuan , Feng Qi , Li Na , Li Kai , Hou Hongwei , Zhang Bing 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA series of naphthaldehyde‐2‐pyridinehydrazone derivatives were discovered to display interesting ‘turn‐on’ fluorescence response to Zn2+ in 99% water/DMSO (v/v) at pH 7.0. Mechanism study indicated that different substituent groups in the naphthaldehyde moiety exhibited significant influence on the detection of Zn2+. The electron rich group resulted in longer fluorescence wavelengths but smaller fluorescence enhancement for Zn2+. Among these compounds, 1 showed the highest fluorescence enhancement of 19‐fold with the lowest detection limit of 0.17 μmol/L toward Zn2+. The corresponding linear range was at least from 0.6 to 6.0 μmol/L. Significantly, 1 showed an excellent selectivity toward Zn2+ over other metal ions including Cd2+.
Life prediction for a vacuum fluorescent display based on two improved models using the three‐parameter Weibull right approximation method
Authors: Zhang Jianping , Zhang Xing , Zong Yu , Pan Yaofang , Wu Helen , Tang Jieshuo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTo obtain precise life information for vacuum fluorescent displays (VFDs), luminance degradation data for VFDs were collected from a group of normal life tests. Instead of exponential function, the three‐parameter Weibull right approximation method (TPWRAM) was applied to describe the luminance degradation path of optoelectronic products, and two improved models were established. One of these models calculated the average life by fitting average luminance degradation data, and the other model obtained VFD life by combining the approximation method with luminance degradation test data from each individual sample. The results indicated that the test design under normal working stress was appropriate, and the selection of censored test data was simple. The two models improved by TPWRAM both revealed the luminance decaying law for VFD, and the pseudo failure time was accurately extrapolated. It was further confirmed by comparing relative error that using the second model gave a more accurate prediction of VFD life. The improved models in this study can provide technical references for researchers and manufacturers in aspects of life prediction methodology for its development.
N‐Hydroxyphthalimide Anchored on Diamond Nanoparticles as a Selective Heterogeneous Metal‐free Oxidation Catalyst of Benzylic Hydrocarbons and Cyclic Alkenes by Molecular O2
Authors: Blandez Juan F. , Navalón Sergio , Álvaro Mercedes , García Hermenegildo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractN‐hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) derived from trimellitic anhydride has been covalently anchored (4 wt %) through ester bonds to the surface of commercial diamond nanoparticles previously functionalized by chemical and thermal treatments (DH). IR spectroscopy of the NHPI/DH solid shows the presence of a characteristic peak at 1735 cm−1 attributable to the ester bond, while solid‐state MAS 13C NMR spectroscopy shows two broad bands corresponding to carbon atoms of carbonyl groups (167 ppm) and aromatic carbons (127 ppm). NHPI/DH promotes autoxidation of isobutylbenzene involving superoxide (O2.−) and hydroperoxide (HOO⋅) radicals; NHPI/DH can be reused at least three times and reach a minimum turnover number as high as 20 600, which is probably due to the inertness of the diamond surface, allowing free diffusion of reactive oxygen species. Analogous materials in which NHPI was anchored on activated carbon and multiwall carbon nanotubes were inefficient as autoxidation catalysts. NHPI/DH is able to promote also selective aerobic oxidation of other benzylic hydrocarbons and cycloalkenes.
Synthesis and Applications of Cyclohexenyl Halides Obtained by a Cationic Carbocyclisation Reaction
Authors: Alonso Pedro , Pardo Pilar , Fontaneda Raquel , Fañanás Francisco J. , Rodríguez Félix 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe synthesis of cyclic alkenyl halides (mainly fluorides, chlorides and bromides) from alkynol or enyne derivatives by an acid‐mediated cationic cyclisation reaction is disclosed. This high‐yielding, scalable and technically simple method complements and challenges conventional methodologies. This study includes the development of biomimetic cationic cyclisation reactions of polyenyne derivatives to give interesting halogen‐containing polycyclic compounds. The application of this reaction in the key step of the synthesis of two terpenes, namely austrodoral and pallescensin A, and the potent odorant 9‐epi‐Ambrox demonstrates the potential of the reaction for natural product synthesis.
Experimentelle Untersuchung von Stinkbomben – ein Beispiel für offene Experimentalaufgaben im Praktikum zur allgemeinen und anorganischen Chemie für Lehramtsstudierende
Authors: Rautenstrauch Hanne , Busker Maike 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDie quantitative und qualitative nasschemische Analyse gehört zu den klassischen Themenfeldern, die Chemiestudierende in den ersten Semestern in Laborpraktika zur allgemeinen und anorganischen Chemie bearbeiten. Meist werden in diesen Grundpraktika Analysen mit Hilfe von rezeptartigen Anleitungen durchgeführt. Gerade Lehramtsstudierende benötigen für ihre spätere berufliche Tätigkeit, in der sie Schülerinnen und Schüler im Erwerb von Erkennungsgewinnungskompetenzen unterstützen sollen, die Fähigkeit, Problemstellungen mit Hilfe experimenteller Untersuchungen erforschen zu können. In diesem Beitrag wird eine experimentelle Aufgabe zur Untersuchung von Stinkbomben für das Grundpraktikum zur allgemeinen und anorganischen Chemie vorgestellt. In dieser Aufgabe erhalten die Studierenden die Möglichkeit, Verfahren der nasschemischen Analyse auf eine motivierende Problemstellung anzuwenden und dadurch ihre Fähigkeiten im Bereich der nasschemischen Analyse sowie im Bereich der Erkenntnisgewinnung zu erweitern.
Cortical inter‐hemispheric circuits for multimodal vocal learning in songbirds
Authors: Paterson Amy K. , Bottjer Sarah W. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractVocal learning in songbirds and humans is strongly influenced by social interactions based on sensory inputs from several modalities. Songbird vocal learning is mediated by cortico‐basal ganglia circuits that include the SHELL region of lateral magnocellular nucleus of the anterior nidopallium (LMAN), but little is known concerning neural pathways that could integrate multimodal sensory information with SHELL circuitry. In addition, cortical pathways that mediate the precise coordination between hemispheres required for song production have been little studied. In order to identify candidate mechanisms for multimodal sensory integration and bilateral coordination for vocal learning in zebra finches, we investigated the anatomical organization of two regions that receive input from SHELL: the dorsal caudolateral nidopallium (dNCLSHELL) and a region within the ventral arcopallium (Av). Anterograde and retrograde tracing experiments revealed a topographically organized inter‐hemispheric circuit: SHELL and dNCLSHELL, as well as adjacent nidopallial areas, send axonal projections to ipsilateral Av; Av in turn projects to contralateral SHELL, dNCLSHELL, and regions of nidopallium adjacent to each. Av on each side also projects directly to contralateral Av. dNCLSHELL and Av each integrate inputs from ipsilateral SHELL with inputs from sensory regions in surrounding nidopallium, suggesting that they function to integrate multimodal sensory information with song‐related responses within LMAN‐SHELL during vocal learning. Av projections share this integrated information from the ipsilateral hemisphere with contralateral sensory and song‐learning regions. Our results suggest that the inter‐hemispheric pathway through Av may function to integrate multimodal sensory feedback with vocal‐learning circuitry and coordinate bilateral vocal behavior.