bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oceanographic features boost latitudinal patterns in copepod body size distribution in the South Atlantic
Authors: Becker Érica C. , Macedo‐Soares Luis C. P. , Marcolin Catarina R. , Brandão Manoela C. , Stemmann Lars , Mazzocchi Maria G. , Freire Andrea S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe South Atlantic Ocean (SAO) is an under‐sampled ocean where the influence of environmental drivers on copepod body size is poorly understood. This study investigated the body size distribution of copepods from 13°S to 64°S to test Bergmann's rule, which predicts the occurrence of smaller organisms in warmer areas. We hypothesized that additional influence of oceanographic features strengthens this pattern. Zooplankton were sampled during the austral summer from the chlorophyll maximum depth up to the surface, at approximately 100 m depth, using a 200‐μm net. The samples were analyzed using the ZooScan imaging system and were classified using the Ecotaxa tool. We estimated copepod family abundance, biomass, and size structure, and their relationships with environmental variables were assessed through generalized linear mixed models (GLMM). Although most copepods increased in size at higher latitudes, not all families followed Bergmann's rule. Small adults of Clausocalanidae, Paracalanidae, Corycaeidae, and Oncaeidae contributed mostly in the Brazil Current (BC), while Calanidae copepodites disproportionately contributed to overall biomass, and Oithonidae adults were the most abundant in high latitudes. Copepod abundance or biomass hotspots were present in the southern limit of the warm BC, at the Subtropical Confluence Zone, and in the subantarctic waters at the Drake passage. Our results suggest that oceanographic features strengthen latitudinal body size relationships due to food availability, and the importance of different life history strategies.
Deepening the Decade: Collaborative Action for Advancing Deep‐Ocean Science and Policy in the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development
Authors: Hetherington Elizabeth D. , Anderson Clarissa , Bastian Liliana , Boon Naomi , Chu Nan‐Chin , Cruz Ceci Rodriguez , Drennon Hayley , Gates Andrew , Gertz Brandon , Goodwin Kelly D. , Halfter Svenja , Howell Kerry , Howes Ella , Lopes Vanessa , Martin Tinah , McConnell Terrence , Qian Pei‐Yuan , Seabrook Sarah , Smith Leslie , Snyder Glen , Stocks Karen I. , Sylvan Rosalynn , Wright Dawn , Levin Lisa A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe current United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021–2030; hereafter, the Decade) offers a unique opportunity and framework to globally advance ocean science and policy. Achieving meaningful progress within the Decade requires collaboration and coordination across Decade Actions (Programs, Projects, and Centres). This coordination is particularly important for the deep ocean, which remains critically under‐sampled compared to other ecosystems. Despite the limited sampling, the deep ocean accounts for over 95% of Earth's habitable space, plays a crucial role in regulating the carbon cycle and global temperatures, and supports diverse ecosystems. To collectively advance deep‐ocean science, we gathered representatives from 20 Decade Actions that focus at least partially on the deep ocean. We identified five broad themes that aim to advance deep‐ocean science in alignment with the Decade's overarching 10 Challenges: natural capital and the blue economy, biodiversity, deep‐ocean observing, best practices in data sharing, and capacity building. Within each theme, we propose concrete objectives (termed Cohesive Asks) and milestones (Targets) for the deep‐ocean community. Developing these Cohesive Asks and Targets reflects a commitment to better coordination across deep‐ocean Decade Actions. We aim to build bridges across deep‐ocean disciplines, which encompass natural science, ocean observing, policy, and capacity development.
Stripe Soliton in All‐Fiber Lasers
Authors: Gao Qun , Zhang Heze , Du Yueqing , Zeng Chao , Mao Dong , Grelu Philippe , Zhao Jianlin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractStripe solitons (SSs), the special localized wavepackets exhibiting periodic modulations, are identified in condensed matter physics and nonlinear science. Here, giant‐chirp and chirp‐free SSs in all‐fiber lasers are demonstrated composed of single‐mode fiber and polarization‐maintaining fiber. The chirp property of SSs depends on the cavity dispersion while the stripe period relies on the fiber birefringence. Theoretical and numerical results coincide with experimental findings, revealing that the filtering and frequency shift of two vector modes is governed by the mode coupling related to birefringence and the nonlinear coupling induced by the phase modulation, respectively, which disrupts their complementarity and ultimately leads to modulation of the overall spectrum. With the aid of the saturable absorption and cross‐phase modulation effects, the multi‐color pulses synergistically overlap, giving rise to the unique SSs. These results present a simple approach for generating chirp‐controllable SSs in all‐fiber lasers, which is crucial for applications in difference frequency generation and soliton physics.
Robust Characterization of Photonic Integrated Circuits
Authors: Wang Jiajia , Xu Xingyuan , Zhang Haoran , Zeng Xuecheng , Bai Yunping , Lowery Arthur J. , Xu Kun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPhotonic integrated circuits (PICs) offer ultra‐broad optical bandwidths that enable unprecedented data throughputs for signal processing applications. Dynamic reconfigurability enables compensation of fabrication flaws and fluctuating external environments, tuning for adaptive equalization and training of optical neural networks. The initial step in PIC reconfiguration entails measuring its dynamic performance, often described by its frequency response. While measuring the amplitude response is straightforward, e.g. using a tunable laser and optical power meter, measuring the phase response presents challenges due to various factors, including phase variations in test connections and instrumentation limitations. To address these challenges, a universal and robust characterization technique is proposed, which uses an on‐chip reference path coupled to the signal processing core (SPC), with a delay gap larger than the total delay across the signal processing paths. A Fourier transform of the chip's power response reveals the SPC's impulse response. The method is more robust against low reference‐path power and imprecise delays. Experiments using a finite‐impulse‐response (FIR) structure demonstrate rapid SPC training, overcoming thermal crosstalk and device imperfections. This approach offers a promising solution for PIC characterization, facilitating expedited physical parameter training for advanced applications in communications and optical neural networks.
On Riemannian 4‐manifolds and their twistor spaces: A moving frame approach
Authors: Catino Giovanni , Dameno Davide , Mastrolia Paolo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we study the twistor space of an oriented Riemannian 4‐manifold using the moving frame approach, focusing, in particular, on the Einstein, non‐self‐dual setting. We prove that any general first‐order linear condition on the almost complex structures of forces the underlying manifold to be self‐dual, also recovering most of the known related rigidity results. Thus, we are naturally lead to consider first‐order quadratic conditions, showing that the Atiyah–Hitchin–Singer almost Hermitian twistor space of an Einstein 4‐manifold bears a resemblance, in a suitable sense, to a nearly Kähler manifold.
The Noether–Lefschetz locus of surfaces in P3${\mathbb {P}}^3$ formed by determinantal surfaces
Authors: Leal Manuel , Lozano Huerta César , Vite Montserrat 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe compute the dimension of certain components of the family of smooth determinantal degree surfaces in , and show that each of them is the closure of a component of the Noether–Lefschetz locus . Our computations exhibit that smooth determinantal surfaces in of degree 4 form a divisor in with five irreducible components. We will compute the degrees of each of these components: , and .
A 28 GHz balun‐first LNA with db‐linear 32 db gain range for 5 G applications
Authors: Xu Taotao , Chen Hongchen , Wan Cao , Deng Shuai , Qin Pei , Zhu Haoshen , Xue Quan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis letter presents a 28 GHz balun‐first low noise amplifier (LNA) featuring a wide dB‐linear variable gain range. The architecture of LNA includes three‐stage cascode amplifiers. An integrated balun at the input stage provides RF ESD protection and converts a single‐ended signal to a differential one (S‐to‐D). A transformer‐based dual‐resonant matching network is designed and analyzed to achieve wideband performance. To realize a continuous dB‐linear variable gain range and consistent input/output matching, gain control is implemented in the second stage using a 5‐bit digital‐to‐analog converter (DAC) for a 32 dB gain range. The DAC can generate a nonlinear analog voltage to control the gate of the common‐gate transistor in the second cascode stage, inversely compensating for the nonlinear gain variations of the cascode amplifier. The LNA is fabricated in 65‐nm CMOS process with a core size of 0.154 mm². Measurement results exhibit a maximum gain of 33.5 dB and a minimum noise figure (NF) of 3.65 dB with a 3‐dB bandwidth of 23–29.5 GHz. The measured variable gain range is approximately 32 dB across 32 different gain states, with a linear gain step of ~1 dB per state and an IP1dB ranging from −6.5 dBm to −35.25 dBm. The power consumption is 35.4–48 mW from a 1.2 V supply voltage.
A novel broadband low backscattering antenna array based on integration of absorptive and coding metasurface
Authors: Saleem Muhammad , Alanazi Mubarak A. , Irfan Muhammad 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a low‐scattering 1 × 2 patch array antenna combining resistive and coding metasurfaces (MSs) for the reduction of wideband‐backscatter. An artificial magnetic conductor technology is used to validate the proposed technique, which is fundamentally based on scattering, phase cancellation, and absorptive property of the MS. By integration of coding MS elements and an absorbent unit cell, three different array blocks are utilized to significantly reduce the monostatic and bistatic backscattered energy level from 6.5 to 16.5 GHz, as well as overall reduction from 5 to 22 GHz. Under the incidence of plane waves, various reflection phases have been observed. The diffusion of the scattering energy from the surface can be achieved by carefully choosing the phase distributions for the reflected waves. Additionally, the bistatic backscattered energy level of the prototype is realized at various frequency points. This technique is validated using artificial magnetic conductors, which uniquely combine the effects of scattering, phase cancellation, and absorption in the MS's hybrid unit cells. Further, antenna array parameters are optimized for frequency, polarization, and angular diversity, S‐parameters, radiating efficiency, reducing radar cross section (RCS) in the wideband range and ensuring robust performance. The experimental results were substantiated by simulations of the reference and proposed prototypes suggesting that the proposed prototype can be a good candidate for applications that require a low monostatic and bistatic RCS platform.
Use of Advanced Constitutive Models for the Mechanical Behavior of Soft Soils With Diatoms From Bogotá (Colombia)
Authors: Mendoza Cristhian , de Farias Márcio Muniz 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTMost constitutive models did not initially consider special behaviors in some soils with singular characteristics (e.g., soft soils with diatom content). For example, at first, these models did not consider the effect of soil structure and viscosity. However, in the last decades, these variables have been incorporated into several constitutive models to describe the mechanical behavior of the soil in its natural state. Structure and viscosity laws that adequately reproduce the soil behavior had to be developed to include these variables. This paper compares the mechanical behavior of soft soils in Bogotá with different constitutive models. Bogotá’s soft soils are lacustrine deposits with a high content of diatoms in their structure. Natural soil samples with intact structures show a high‐water content, which can be higher than 300%, liquid limits of up to 400%, void ratios higher than five, and friction angles of almost 40°. In addition, the model validations were made through the simulations of triaxial tests in compression and shear paths. Modified Cam Clay (MCC), hypoplastic (HP), and subloading Cam Clay (SCC) were the constitutive models used. Two models are based on an elastoplastic framework, and the third uses a HP framework. Several lessons were learned from the simulations regarding the strengths and weaknesses of the models compared to the tests carried out. Finally, the extensive discussion revolves around determining the most suitable model for simulating the mechanical behavior of soft soils containing diatoms in Bogotá.
Long‐term sequelae and quality of life after childhood‐onset craniopharyngioma: Results of a Spanish multicenter study
Authors: Pérez‐Torres Lobato Maria R. , Morell Mariona , Solano‐Páez Palma , Ortiz‐Palacios Marina , Menárgez Ángela , Panesso Melissa , Vázquez‐Gómez Felisa , Moreno‐Carrasco JLuis , Lassaletta Álvaro , Santa‐María Vicente , Pavon‐Mengual Miriam , Quiroga Eduardo , García‐Ariza Miguel A. , Mora‐Matilla Maria , Garrido‐Colino Carmen , Verdú‐Amoros Jaime , Nova‐Lozano Cristina , Vieito María , Cordero‐Asanza Esteban X. , Clemente Maria , Ramos‐Albiat Mónica , de las Morenas‐Iglesias Juan , Moreno Lucas , Llort Anna 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposeWe aim to describe the characteristics of patients with childhood‐onset craniopharyngioma and to analyze factors that impair quality of life (QoL) in this population.MethodsMulticenter national study including patients treated between 2008 and 2022, from 2 to 25 years of age diagnosed with craniopharyngioma. QoL was assessed once during patient's follow‐up by age‐adapted versions of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) questionnaire.ResultsSixty‐six patients were included. Median age at diagnosis was 5 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 3–8), while median follow‐up was 7.4 years (IQR: 2.8–9.7). Most craniopharyngioma were suprasellar (93.9%), and 59.7% had hypothalamic involvement (HI). All patients underwent surgery, 44.4% received radiotherapy, and 23.6% intracystic therapy. Most frequent long‐term complications were visual deficit (72.7%) and endocrine impairment (94.5%). Patients exhibited hypothyroidism requiring hormone replacement (92.4%), hypocortisolism (80.3%), diabetes insipidus (86.4%), and/or growth hormone therapy (50%). When parents evaluated QoL, PedsQL median score was 53.8 points out of 100 (IQR: 41–71.6). Higher scores were noted when patients assessed their own QoL (median score 64.8 [IQR: 57.3–81.8]), observing statistically significant differences (p = .019). QoL was impaired by repeated surgeries (r = −.44; p = .014), HI (median score 51.5 [IQR: 39–63.8] vs. 76.4 [59–84.8]; p = .001), radiotherapy (median score 51.9 [IQR: 38.1–61.3] vs. 63.8 [IQR: 49–82.5]; p = .02) and longer follow‐up (r = −.3; p = .01).ConclusionIn our study, most patients had significant comorbidities and low overall QoL scores, which was mainly affected by repeated surgery, radiation, and hypothalamic involvement. This reflects the need for further research and intensified studies of systemic therapy/alternate strategies to broaden the standard‐of‐care options, so that treatment‐related sequalae can be avoided.
Albuminuria‐based stratification of end‐stage kidney disease progression and mortality with sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i): A retrospective cohort study in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease
Authors: Chang Tien‐Jyun , Lee Yen‐Chieh , Wu Li‐Chiu , Chang Chia‐Hsuin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundClinical trials have shown the kidney‐protective benefits of sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i). However, their real‐world impact, particularly across varying levels of albuminuria, remains less well understood. This study aimed to evaluate the association of SGLT2i, compared with other oral glucose‐lowering drugs, with end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) progression in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD) stratified by urine albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (UACR) levels.MethodsUsing data from a national database spanning from 2016 to 2021, the study included patients with type 2 diabetes and CKD with estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) below 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and who started on SGLT2i or other oral glucose‐lowering drugs. Patients were stratified into groups by UACR ≥300 mg/g and <300 mg/g. Propensity score matching was used to minimize confounding, and progression to ESKD was evaluated using competing risks and Cox proportional‐hazards models. All‐cause mortality was also analyzed.ResultsFollowing propensity score matching, 18,514 patients in the severely increased albuminuria group (UACR ≥300 mg/g) were tracked, with 2.6% progressing to ESKD over 3 years. In contrast, only 0.3% of the 26,946 patients with UACR <300 mg/g progressed to ESKD. SGLT2i use was associated with a 30% reduction in risk of ESKD progression, compared with the use of other oral glucose‐lowering drugs, in the severely increased albuminuria group (hazard ratio[HR]: 0.70, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.61–0.80). In the lower albuminuria group, no significant association was evident, though there was a nonsignificant trend toward protection over time. A consistent reduction in mortality risk was observed across all albuminuria levels.ConclusionsSGLT2i are associated with a reduction in the progression to ESKD among patients with severely increased albuminuria, with less pronounced effects observed in those with lower albuminuria levels, suggesting variability in renal outcomes based on albuminuria severity. The consistent survival benefit across all albuminuria levels supports the potential utility of SGLT2i in diabetes and CKD treatment strategies, emphasizing the need for more targeted research.
Rating pome fruit quality traits using deep learning and image processing
Authors: Nguyen Nhan H. , Michaud Joseph , Mogollon Rene , Zhang Huiting , Hargarten Heidi , Leisso Rachel , Torres Carolina A. , Honaas Loren , Ficklin Stephen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractQuality assessment of pome fruits (i.e. apples and pears) is used not only for determining the optimal harvest time but also for the progression of fruit‐quality attributes during storage. Therefore, it is typical to repeatedly evaluate fruits during the course of a postharvest experiment. This evaluation often includes careful visual assessments of fruit for apparent defects and physiological symptoms. A general best practice for quality assessment is to rate fruit using the same individual rater or group of individual raters to reduce bias. However, such consistency across labs, facilities, and experiments is often not feasible or attainable. Moreover, while these visual assessments are critical empirical data, they are often coarse‐grained and lack consistent objective criteria. Granny, is a tool designed for rating fruit using machine‐learning and image‐processing to address rater bias and improve resolution. Additionally, Granny supports backward compatibility by providing ratings compatible with long‐established standards and references, promoting research program continuity. Current Granny ratings include starch content assessment, rating levels of peel defects, and peel color analyses. Integrative analyses enhanced by Granny's improved resolution and reduced bias, such as linking fruit outcomes to global scale ‐omics data, environmental changes, and other quantitative fruit quality metrics like soluble solids content and flesh firmness, will further enrich our understanding of fruit quality dynamics. Lastly, Granny is open‐source and freely available.
Utilizing drawings to understand how our backgrounds and experiences change our plant mental models
Authors: Linderwell Sarah , Hargiss Christina L. M. , Norland Jack , Comeau Paula 
Published: October 2024

Societal Impact StatementOur culture, life experiences, and the places we live teach us about the world around us and the plants within it. This information gives each individual distinct mental models. By delving into plant mental models of young adults, this study offers insights into the complex landscape of plant knowledge, with a special emphasis on Indigenous communities. Beyond broadening our understanding, these findings provide valuable resources for educators and researchers striving to bridge the gap in plant literacy. Moreover, the methods used offer a blueprint for similar investigations globally, which will foster a deeper understanding of plant awareness across diverse populations.Summary
Plant mental models, or what people think about when they think of a given plant, give insight into a person's knowledge and understanding of plants. However, little to no research has been conducted on plant mental models of young adults or comparing mental models across demographics. This study assessed college students' plant mental models in the demographic categories of race, gender, rurality, and college type (tribal vs. non‐tribal), as well as experience in art, photography, and plant identification, to determine the impact of these factors on plant mental models.
A total of 697 students from three tribal and three non‐tribal colleges enrolled in a specific introductory biology course participated. Participants completed four drawings, which represented their mental model of a plant, flower, grass, and tree. They also completed a short survey about demographics and experience with art, photography, and plant identification.
Tree drawings had the most detail, and grass drawings had the least. Gender was the only demographic factor that impacted the detail drawn, with females including more detail for flowers and trees and males for grass. Surprisingly, experience with art, photography, and plant identification did not impact the detail included in the drawings.
Overall, participants plant mental models across demographics were simplistic and lacked detail, potentially indicating a lack of plant awareness.
Children interstitial lung disease: Assessment and management
Authors: Moreno‐Galdo Antonio , Iglesias‐Serrano Ignacio , Rovira‐Amigo Sandra , Torrent‐Vernetta Alba 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDiffuse parenchymal lung diseases or children interstitial lung disease (chILD) in pediatrics are a heterogenous group of more than 200 rare diseases with an incidence and prevalence around 8.2 and 46.4 cases/million, respectively, higher than previously recognized, probably related to a greater understanding and increased clinical awareness of these diseases. Children under 2 years of age account for 40%–60% of cases. Diseases presenting before the age of 2 years are mainly of genetic origin or associated with disorders of lung development and are very different from those of older children and adults. In 10%–20% of cases, a genetic cause is found, and in approximately 12%, no cause (undefined chILD) is found after performing all diagnostic tests. A multidisciplinary approach in an expert center is essential for diagnosis and treatment. Tests to be performed after lung computed tomography include serological and other blood tests, bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage, genetic studies and lung biopsy. Although no approved specific treatment for most cases of chILD exists, an improved understanding of the pathophysiology of many of these diseases is facilitating the development of new treatments.