bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STRUCTURAL AND SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF AVIATION TERMS IN RUSSIAN AND PERSIAN
Authors: Хади Б. , Махбубех А.Ш. , Махди Ш. 
Published: October 2024

В статье рассматриваются особенности русской и персидской авиационной терминологии с семантической и структурной точек зрения. На основе составленного авторами корпуса, включающего 1456 частотных терминов, собранных из разных авиационных источников (книг, учебников и статей) с помощью программного обеспечения AntConc, проведен структурно-семантический анализ. В результате сделаны выводы о заметной роли общенаучных и межнаучных терминов в данной терминологической системе, что объясняется междисциплинарным характером авиационной науки и сложностью авиационной технологии. С семантической точки зрения отмечена когнитивная модель сравнения летательных аппаратов с птицами и полета с плаванием. С точки зрения структуры анализ показал, что авиационные термины в основном образуются синтаксическим способом. В целом можно сделать вывод, что между структурными и когнитивными особенностями данных терминосистем в русском и персидском языках обнаруживается больше сходства, чем различий.
The article examines the peculiarities of Russian and Persian aviation terminology from a semantic and structural point of view. Based on the corpus compiled by the authors, which includes 1456 frequency terms collected from various aviation sources (books, textbooks and articles) using AntConc software, a semantic and structural analysis was carried out. As a result, conclusions are drawn about the significant role of general scientific and interscientific terms in this terminological system, which is explained by the interdisciplinary nature of aviation science and the complexity of aviation technology. From a semantic point of view, the cognitive model of comparing aircraft with birds and flying with swimming is noted. From the point of view of structure, the analysis showed that aviation terms are mainly formed in a syntactic way. In general, it can be concluded that there are more similarities than differences between the structural and cognitive features of these terminological systems in Russian and Persian.
The Reliability of Type Ia Supernovae Delay-time Distributions Recovered from Galaxy Star Formation Histories
Authors: Joshi Bhavin A. , Strolger Louis-Gregory , Zenati Yossef 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We present a numerical analysis investigating the reliability of Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) delay-time distributions recovered from individual host galaxy star formation histories. We utilize star formation histories of mock samples of galaxies generated from the IllustrisTNG simulation at two redshifts to recover delay-time distributions. The delay-time distributions are constructed through piecewise constants as opposed to typically employed parametric forms such as power laws or Gaussian or skew/lognormal functions. The SN Ia delay-time distributions are recovered through a Markov Chain Monte Carlo exploration of the likelihood space by comparing the expected SN Ia rate within each mock galaxy to the observed rate. We show that a reduced representative sample of nonhost galaxies is sufficient to reliably recover delay-time distributions while simultaneously reducing the computational load. We also highlight a potential systematic between recovered delay-time distributions and the mass-weighted ages of the underlying host galaxy stellar population.
Type Ia Supernovae from First-generation Stars
Authors: Li Zhenwei , Wang Lifan , Han Zhanwen , Chen Xuefei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) discovered at redshift z ≲ 2.5 are presumed to be produced from Population I/II stars. In this work, we investigate the production of SNe Ia from Population III binaries in the cosmological framework. We derive the SN Ia rate as a function of redshift in a theoretical context for the production of first-generation stars and evaluate the likelihood of their detection by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Assuming the initial stellar mass function (IMF) favors low-mass stars, as from recent numerical simulations, we found that Population III stars may give rise to a considerable number of SNe Ia at high redshift, and Population III stars may even be the dominant SN Ia producer at z ≳ 6. In an optimistic scenario, we expect ∼1(2) SNe Ia from Population III stars at z ≈ 4(5) for a survey of area

300

arcmin

2

during a 3 yr period with JWST. The same survey may record more than ∼400 SNe Ia at lower redshift (z ≲ 2.5) but with only about one of them from Population III progenitors. There will be ∼six Population III SNe Ia in the same field of view at redshifts of 5–10. Observational constraints on SN Ia rates at the redshift range of 5–10 can place crucial constraints on the IMF of Population III stars.
The Relation between Simulated Multiwavelength Blazar Variability and Stochastic Fluctuations
Authors: Thiersen Hannes , Zacharias Michael , Böttcher Markus 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Blazars exhibit multiwavelength variability, a phenomenon whose underlying mechanisms remain elusive. This study investigates the origin of such variability through leptonic blazar emission simulations, focusing on stochastic fluctuations in environmental parameters. By analyzing the spectral indices of the power spectral densities of the variability, we assess their relationship with the underlying fluctuations. Our findings reveal that the variability spectral indices remain almost independent of the variations responsible for their emergence. This suggests a complex interplay of factors contributing to the observed multiwavelength variability in blazars.
Intensity-sensitive Quality Assessment of Extended Sources in Astronomical Images
Authors: Li Xiaotong , Adámek Karel , Armour Wesley 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Radio astronomy studies the Universe by observing the radio emissions of celestial bodies. Different methods can be used to recover the sky brightness distribution (SBD), which describes the distribution of celestial sources from recorded data, with the output dependent on the method used. Image quality assessment (IQA) indexes can be used to compare the differences between restored SBDs produced by different image reconstruction techniques to evaluate their effectiveness. However, reconstructed images (for the same SBD) can appear to be very similar, especially when observed by the human visual system (HVS). Hence, current structural similarity methods, inspired by the HVS, are not effective. In the past, we have proposed two methods to assess point-source images, where low amounts of concentrated information are present in larger regions of noise-like data. But for images that include extended source(s), the increase in complexity of the structure makes the IQA methods for point sources oversensitive because the important objects cannot be described by isolated point sources. Therefore, in this article we propose the augmented low-information similarity index (augLISI), an improved version of LISI, to assess images including extended source(s). Experiments have been carried out to illustrate how this new IQA method can help with the development and study of astronomical imaging techniques. Note that although we focus on radio astronomical images herein, these IQA methods are also applicable to other astronomical images and imaging techniques.
LunaIcy: Exploring Europa’s Icy Surface Microstructure through Multiphysics Simulations
Authors: Mergny Cyril , Schmidt Frédéric 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A multiphysics simulation model incorporating a sintering model coupled with the MultIHeaTS thermal solver was developed to study the evolution of icy moons’ microstructure. The sintering process is highly dependent on temperature, and this study represents the first attempt in planetary science to examine the coupled interaction between heat transfer and sintering. Our approach to ice sintering is based upon the literature while offering a refined description of the matter exchange between grains, bonds, and the pore space. By running the numerical framework, we simulate the evolution of ice microstructure on Galilean satellites, specifically tracking the changes in the ice grain and bond radii over time. LunaIcy, our multiphysics model, was applied to study the evolution of Europa’s ice microstructure over 1 million yr along its orbit, with a parameter exploration to investigate the diverse configurations of the icy surface. Our results indicate that effective sintering can take place in regions where daily temperatures briefly surpass 115 K, even during short intervals of the day. Such sintering could not have been detected without the diurnal thermal coupling of LunaIcy due to the cold daily mean temperature. In these regions, sintering occurs within timescales shorter than Europa’s ice crust age, suggesting that, in present times, their surface is made of an interconnected ice structure.
MultIHeaTS: A Fast and Stable Thermal Solver for Multilayered Planetary Surfaces
Authors: Mergny Cyril , Schmidt Frédéric 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A fully implicit scheme is proposed for solving the heat equation in 1D heterogeneous media, available as a computationally efficient open-source Python code. The algorithm uses finite differences on an irregular grid and is unconditionally stable due to the implicit formulation. The thermal solver is validated against a stiff analytical solution, demonstrating its robustness in handling stiff initial conditions. Its general applicability for heterogeneous cases is demonstrated through its use in a planetary surface scenario with nonlinear boundary conditions induced by blackbody thermal emission. MultIHeaTS's advantageous stability allows for computation times up to 100 times faster than Spencer’s explicit solver, making it ideal for simulating processes on large timescales. This solver is used to compare the thermal signatures of homogeneous and bilayer profiles on Europa. Results show that homogeneous materials cannot reproduce the thermal signature observed in bilayer profiles, emphasizing the need for multilayer solvers. In order to optimize the scientific return of a space mission, we propose a strategy made of three local time observations that is enough to identify bilayer media, for instance, for the next missions to the Jovian system. A second application of the solver is the estimation of the temperature profile of Europa’s near surface (first 10s m) throughout a 1 million yr simulation with varying orbital parameters. The probability distribution of temperature through depth is obtained. Among its various applications, MultIHeaTS serves as the core thermal solver in a multiphysics simulation model detailed in the companion article by C. Mergny & F. Schmidt.
Condomless anal intercourse among HIV-positive and HIV-negative men who have sex with men in Zimbabwe
Authors: Mapingure Munyaradzi P. , Chingombe Innocent , Dzinamarira Tafadzwa , Cuadros Diego , Murewanhema Grant , Moyo Brian , Samba Chesterfield , Mpofu Amon , Mugurungi Owen , Herrera Helena , Musuka Godfrey 
Published: October 2024

Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately impacted by HIV in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where condomless anal intercourse (CAI) is a major driver of HIV transmission among this hidden subpopulation.Objectives: To determine CAI drivers and prevalence among HIV-positive and HIV-negative MSM.Method: Data from 1538 MSM who participated in a biobehavioural survey in Zimbabwe were used. Secondary statistical data analysis methods were used to determine prevalences and drivers of CAI.Results: A high prevalence of CAI, of at least 30%, among HIV-positive and HIV-negative MSM was found. Factors that led to a statistically significant higher CAI among HIV-positives compared to HIV-negatives included drunkenness (35% vs. 25%, P = 0.01), fear of partner (13% vs. 9%, P = 0.017), trusting the partner (10% vs. 6%, P = 0.008), and being offered more money (10% vs. 6%, P = 0.003).Conclusion: Our findings indicate that economic, socio-behavioural and perceptual dimensions increase men’s likelihood to engage in risky sexual behaviour, suggesting the need for HIV prevention efforts that provide tailored education regarding HIV risk among MSM in SSA. This is the first large biobehavioural survey that generated valuable information useful for analysing condomless anal sex among MSM in Zimbabwe.
Factors influencing urinary retention following freehand transperineal prostate biopsy: Insights from a tertiary care center study
Authors: Agrawal Shashank , Patil Vivek Dadasaheb , Prasad Vishnu , Menon Arun Ramadas , Pooleri Ginil Kumar 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
In this study, we evaluated the risk factors for urinary retention after freehand transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided transperineal prostate biopsy (TPB).

Patients and Methods:
Data from 102 cases of freehand TPB at a single institution were retrospectively collected and analyzed. All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-TRUS cognitive fusion TPB using a transperineal needle guide, with systematic biopsies from 10 prostate sectors and additional MRI-guided targeted biopsies. Exclusions comprised patients with coagulation abnormalities, prior prostate surgeries including biopsy, active urinary tract infection, or a lack of pre-biopsy multiparametric MRI.

Results:
14/102 (13.72%) had urinary retention and required urethral catheterization for voiding difficulty or discomfort along with a bladder volume of ≥500 ml. Patients with retention exhibited significantly larger prostate volumes (median 75 cc vs. 40 cc; P < 0.05). Receiver operating curve analysis revealed a prostate volume threshold of 57.5 cc and a core number cutoff of 23 for predicting post-TPB urinary retention, with sensitivities of 78.57% and 85.71%, specificities of 75% and 82.95%, positive predictive values of 33.33% and 44.44%, and negative predictive values of 95.75% and 97.33%, respectively, whereas the number of biopsy cores correlated positively with the development of urinary retention (median 25 vs. 22; P < 0.05). Urinary retention was independent of the patient’s age, comorbidities, presenting prostate-specific antigen levels, prebiopsy severity of lower urinary tract symptoms, and use of alpha-blockers.

Conclusion:
Patients with larger prostates and higher number of biopsy cores are at a higher risk of postfreehand TPB urinary retention and should receive appropriate counselling. Targeted biopsies alone, rather than a full template, may help mitigate urinary retention in these high-risk groups.
Simulation based CPR Training of EMS Staff and its Utility in Managing Remote Patients at Tertiary Care Hospital of Central India
Authors: Patel Shraddha Aditya , Giri Apurva , Chavan Gajanan , Patel Aditya , Yedla Tejavenu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
AVBRH is 1500-bedded tertiary care hospital that caters to patients from areas within more than a 50 km radius. Emergency medical services (EMS) are established and frequently on the run. The EMS team has 10 basic life support (BLS) ambulances with 20 drivers and 20 paramedical staff. Daily, 3–5 highly critical patients who are in need of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) are transferred to the AVBRH hospital. The optimal medical care while transferring the patient to AVBRH hospital was unmonitored and without any benchmark. A low-risk simulation-based environment to practice can be valuable to maintain a wide array of skills. Effective and prompt delivery of expert instruction and guidance by a telesimulation is approved to be a beneficial approach in this setting. Training of EMS staff helps to improve patient care and satisfaction. Hence, we decided to undertake the simulation-based CPR training of the staff and correlate the outcome with existing mortality data of Medical record department (MRD).

Objective:
To optimize health care while transferring the patient to a tertiary hospital by BLS training and teleassisting. To see the impact of teaching and assisting on overall patient outcomes at the emergency department.

Methodology:
Forty EMS participants were enrolled and trained for 2 days. On day 1, they were trained in BLS, while on day 2, training in working as a team through simulation at school of virtual learning was done. They were trained to work as a team through simulated case scenarios with effective telecommunication while transferring the patient to the hospital. After training, these EMS staff were monitored and assisted according to the protocol of BLS by the emergency medicine department through telecommunication on the field for the next 3 months and reassessed again after the completion of 3 months. The following tabulated assessment format is used for EMS staff attending to the patient on the field. The prefield assessment on the same day of training and on postfield assessment after 3 months at school of virtual learning-simulation lab (SVL) was conducted. The data were gathered, tabulated, and analyzed for the percentage.

Conclusion and Recommendation:
Simulation-based teaching by a facilitator along with effective telesimulation creates an important link and gaps in the bridge between knowledge and technical skills. It has been found that overall patient care and performance of EMS staff was significantly improved; hence, recommendations for continuous assistance while transferring the patients are given. Training of the newly appointed EMS crew and the other available EMS services from the district should be aligned with assisted telecommunication services of AVBRH. Regular audit for quality improvement in EMS performance to be imparted.
Planning, Strategization, Outlining, and Contemplation of Health Resources in the Setting of Healthcare
Authors: Kadam Shubham , Luharia Anurag , Mishra Gaurav , Tivaskar Suhas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Human resources (HRs) planning is a crucial business function. HR planning (HRP) is vital to businesses since it helps them assess where they are and what kind of workforce they will need in the future. The paper’s goal is to investigate the literature on HRP and analyze the value HRP brings to the company. The goals of HRs planning, the HRs planning process, and the significance of HRs planning to the business are the primary topics covered in this literature review. In the future, businesses should keep practice and keep up with efficient HR planning because plays an important part in moving the goals of the organizations, as shown in the findings of this paper.
Functional outcome predictors and recanalization in cerebral venous thrombosis: A single-center cross-sectional study
Authors: Shahid Rizwana , Zafar Azra 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES:
Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare type of stroke. Functional outcome (FOC) in CVT can be affected by different factors, and recanalization is an important determinant. This study aimed to identify the FOC predictors including recanalization in patients with CVT.

METHODS:
This retrospective study reviewed electronic charts of patients with CVT admitted to the King Fahd Hospital of the University, a teaching and referral hospital between January 2012 and March 2023. Demographic and other clinicoradiological characteristics were noted. Factors affecting FOC were investigated using the Chi-square test, odds ratios (ORs), and 95% confidence interval (CI).

RESULTS:
Out of 64 patients, 78% achieved good FOC. Age was significantly higher in patients having poor FOC as compared to those having good FOC (P ≤ 0.001). Women had more likelihood to be functionally independent as compared to men (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.01–1.80, P = 0.02). Altered consciousness (OR = 2.94, 95% CI = 1.23–6.99, P = 0.01), venous hemorrhagic infarction (OR = 3.26, 95% CI = 1.36–7.82, P = 0.008), and nonrecanalization (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 0.97–2.14, P = 0.02) were significantly associated with poor FOC. Hereditary thrombophilia (OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.31–1.12, P = 0.03) and infections (OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.31–1.12, P = 0.01) were associated with less likelihood of good FOC. Age ≥50 years (P = 0.01) and illness of more than 1-month duration (P = 0.01) were associated with nonrecanalization.

CONCLUSION:
Older age, male sex, presence of venous hemorrhagic infarction, and nonrecanalization can predict poor FOC in CVT. The recanalization process can be affected by late presentation, and the plausible reason could be a delay in therapeutic anticoagulation. Further prospective and multicenter studies are needed to determine the predictors of FOC and to understand the process of recanalization in CVT.
Сушені культивовані гриби як цінне джерело білків та амінокислот
Authors: Сімахіна Галина 
Published: October 2024

Аналіз структури харчування населення України свідчить про постійний дефіцит харчового білку, котрий прогнозується й на майбутнє. Тому пошук нових його джерел, збільшення виробництва продовольчого білку і формування його структури є одним із найбільш істотних та складних завдань харчування, перш за все – здорового. Одним із багатих джерел білку є культивовані гриби, які містять понад 30% білку (на суху речовину), всі незамінні амінокислоти, ненасичені жирні кислоти, вітаміни, макро- та мікроелементи. Разом з тим, потенційні можливості культивованих грибів досі використовуються недостатньо у зв’язку з тим, зокрема, що при вивченні їхніх біологічних характеристик дослідники здебільшого обмежуються з’ясуванням загальної кількості білків без розшифрування їхнього амінокислотного складу, збалансованості незамінних і замінних амінокислот, їх зіставлення з еталонним білком, запропонованим ФАО ВООЗ. Це загалом ускладнює оцінку одного з основних показників якості будь-яких білків – їхньої біологічної цінності. Тому обраний у статті напрям, що визначається сформульованою метою, є актуальним і з теоретичної, і з практичної точок зору. Мета дослідження – вивчення білкового та амінокислотного складу сушених культивованих грибів як підґрунтя для розширення сфери їх використання у харчових технологіях та задоволення потреб споживачів у легкозасвоюваній білковій складовій раціонів харчування. Досліджено споживчі властивості напівфабрикатів печериць, отриманих методом низькотемпературного сушіння (45 °С) з подальшим диспергуванням, за показниками біологічної цінності білків, їх фракційним розподілом, масовими частками незамінних і замінних амінокислот. Завдання дослідження полягають у вивченні розподілу за розчинністю білків печериць низькотемпературного сушіння, впливу способу перероблення грибів на зміни у фракційному складі білків; амінокислотного складу білків сушених печериць, у тому числі співвідношення вільних і зв’язаних амінокислот, та органолептичній характеристиці сушених порошків. У сушених культивованих грибах виявлено усі незамінні 8 амінокислот, що склало майже 46% їх загальної кількості. Сума замінних амінокислот становить 54%. Ці дані є важливим показником споживчих властивостей грибних напівфабрикатів, оскільки відомо, що максимальний біологічний ефект білків їжі досягається при співвідношенні незамінних і замінних амінокислот як 42 : 58, що близько до отриманих нами результатів.