bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome of the pitcher plant Cephalotus reveals genetic changes associated with carnivory
Authors: Fukushima Kenji , Fang Xiaodong , Alvarez-Ponce David , Cai Huimin , Carretero-Paulet Lorenzo , Chen Cui , Chang Tien-Hao , Farr Kimberly M. , Fujita Tomomichi , Hiwatashi Yuji , Hoshi Yoshikazu , Imai Takamasa , Kasahara Masahiro , Librado Pablo , Mao Likai , Mori Hitoshi , Nishiyama Tomoaki , Nozawa Masafumi , Pálfalvi Gergő , Pollard Stephen T. , Rozas Julio , Sánchez-Gracia Alejandro , Sankoff David , Shibata Tomoko F. , Shigenobu Shuji , Sumikawa Naomi , Uzawa Taketoshi , Xie Meiying , Zheng Chunfang , Pollock David D. , Albert Victor A. , Li Shuaicheng , Hasebe Mitsuyasu 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCarnivorous plants exploit animals as a nutritional source and have inspired long-standing questions about the origin and evolution of carnivory-related traits. To investigate the molecular bases of carnivory, we sequenced the genome of the heterophyllous pitcher plantCephalotus follicularis, in which we succeeded in regulating the developmental switch between carnivorous and non-carnivorous leaves. Transcriptome comparison of the two leaf types and gene repertoire analysis identified genetic changes associated with prey attraction, capture, digestion and nutrient absorption. Analysis of digestive fluid proteins fromC. follicularisand three other carnivorous plants with independent carnivorous origins revealed repeated co-options of stress-responsive protein lineages coupled with convergent amino acid substitutions to acquire digestive physiology. These results imply constraints on the available routes to evolve plant carnivory.
Regulation of pairing between broken DNA-containing chromatin regions by Ku80, DNA-PKcs, ATM, and 53BP1
Authors: Yamauchi Motohiro , Shibata Atsushi , Suzuki Keiji , Suzuki Masatoshi , Niimi Atsuko , Kondo Hisayoshi , Miura Miwa , Hirakawa Miyako , Tsujita Keiko , Yamashita Shunichi , Matsuda Naoki 
Published: February 2017

AbstractChromosome rearrangement is clinically and physiologically important because it can produce oncogenic fusion genes. Chromosome rearrangement requires DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) at two genomic locations and misrejoining between the DSBs. Before DSB misrejoining, two DSB-containing chromatin regions move and pair with each other; however, the molecular mechanism underlying this process is largely unknown. We performed a spatiotemporal analysis of ionizing radiation-induced foci of p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1), a marker for DSB-containing chromatin. We found that some 53BP1 foci were paired, indicating that the two damaged chromatin regions neighboured one another. We searched for factors regulating the foci pairing and found that the number of paired foci increased when Ku80, DNA-PKcs, or ATM was absent. In contrast, 53BP1 depletion reduced the number of paired foci and dicentric chromosomes—an interchromosomal rearrangement. Foci were paired more frequently in heterochromatin than in euchromatin in control cells. Additionally, the reduced foci pairing in 53BP1-depleted cells was rescued by concomitant depletion of a heterochromatin building factor such as Krüppel-associated box-associated protein 1 or chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 3. These findings indicate that pairing between DSB-containing chromatin regions was suppressed by Ku80, DNA-PKcs, and ATM, and this pairing was promoted by 53BP1 through chromatin relaxation.
Roles of N-glycans in the polymerization-dependent aggregation of mutant Ig-μ chains in the early secretory pathway
Authors: Giannone Chiara , Fagioli Claudio , Valetti Caterina , Sitia Roberto , Anelli Tiziana 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe polymeric structure of secretory IgM allows efficient antigen binding and complement fixation. The available structural models place the N-glycans bound to asparagines 402 and 563 of Ig-μ chains within a densely packed core of native IgM. These glycans are found in the high mannose state also in secreted IgM, suggesting that polymerization hinders them to Golgi processing enzymes. Their absence alters polymerization. Here we investigate their role following the fate of aggregation-prone mutant μ chains lacking the Cμ1 domain (μ∆). Our data reveal that μ∆ lacking 563 glycans (μ∆5) form larger intracellular aggregates than μ∆ and are not secreted. Like μ∆, they sequester ERGIC-53, a lectin previously shown to promote polymerization. In contrast, μ∆ lacking 402 glycans (μ∆4) remain detergent soluble and accumulate in the ER, as does a double mutant devoid of both (μ∆4–5). These results suggest that the two C-terminal Ig-μ glycans shape the polymerization-dependent aggregation by engaging lectins and acting as spacers in the alignment of individual IgM subunits in native polymers.
EpEX/EpCAM and Oct4 or Klf4 alone are sufficient to generate induced pluripotent stem cells through STAT3 and HIF2α
Authors: Kuan I.-I. , Liang Kang-Hao , Wang Yi-Ping , Kuo Ting-Wen , Meir Yaa-Jyuhn James , Wu Sareina Chiung-Yuan , Yang Shang-Chih , Lu Jean , Wu Han-Chung 
Published: February 2017

AbstractEpithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) was reported to be cleaved into extracellular domain of EpCAM (EpEX) and intracellular domain of EpCAM (EpICD). We previously reported that EpCAM serves as a potent stem cell marker which is highly and selectively expressed by undifferentiated rather than differentiated hESC. However, the functional role of EpCAM remains elusive. Here, we found that EpEX and EpCAM enhance the efficiency of OSKM reprogramming. Interestingly, Oct4 or Klf4 alone, but not Sox2, can successfully reprogram fibroblasts into iPSCs with EpEX and EpCAM. Moreover, EpEX and EpCAM trigger reprogramming via activation of STAT3, which leads to the nuclear-translocation of HIF2α. This study reveals the importance of a novel EpEX/EpCAM-STAT3-HIF2α signal in the reprogramming process, and uncovers a new means of triggering reprogramming by delivery of soluble and transmembrane proteins.
Toxic metabolites, MAPK and Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathways involved in oxidative toxicity in mice liver after chronic exposure to Mequindox
Authors: Liu Qianying , Lei Zhixin , Huang Anxiong , Wu Qinghua , Xie Shuyu , Awais Ihsan , Dai Menghong , Wang Xu , Yuan Zonghui 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMequindox (MEQ) is a synthetic antimicrobial agent of quinoxaline-1,4-dioxide group (QdNOs). The liver is regarded as the toxicity target of QdNOs, and the role of N → O group-associated various toxicities mediated by QdNOs is well recognized. However, the mechanism underlying the in vivo effects of MEQ on the liver, and whether the metabolic pathway of MEQ is altered in response to the pathophysiological conditions still remain unclear. We now provide evidence that MEQ triggers oxidative damage in the liver. Moreover, using LC/MS-ITTOF analysis, two metabolites of MEQ were detected in the liver, which directly confirms the potential connection between N → O group reduction metabolism of MEQ and liver toxicity. The gender difference in MEQ-induced oxidative stress might be due to adrenal toxicity and the generation of M4 (2-isoethanol 1-desoxymequindox). Furthermore, up-regulation of the MAPK and Nrf2-Keap1 family and phase II detoxifying enzymes (HO-1, GCLC and NQO1) were also observed. The present study demonstrated for the first time the protein peroxidation and a proposal metabolic pathway after chronic exposure of MEQ, and illustrated that the MAPK, Nrf2-Keap1 and NF-кB signaling pathways, as well as the altered metabolism of MEQ, were involved in oxidative toxicity mediated by MEQ in vivo.
Optimizing a stratified sampling design when faced with multiple objectives
Authors: Miller Timothy J. , Skalski John R. , Ianelli James N. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Miller, T. J., Skalski, J. R., and Ianelli, J. N. 2007. Optimizing a stratifield sampling design when faced with multiple objectives – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64, 97–109. For many stratified sampling designs, the data collected are used by multiple parties with different estimation objectives. Quantitative methods to determine allocation of sampling effort to different strata to satisfy the often disparate estimation objectives are lacking. Analytical results for the sampling fractions and sample sizes for primary units within each stratum of a stratified (multi-stage) sampling design that are optimal with respect to a weighted sum of relative variances for the estimation objectives are presented. Further, an approach for assessing gains or losses for each estimation objective by changing allocation of sample sizes to each stratum is provided. As an illustration, the analytical results are applied to determine optimal observer sampling fractions (coverage rates) for the North Pacific Groundfish Observer Programme (NPGOP), for which the multiple objectives are assumed to be bycatch (seabird, marine mammal, and non-targeted fish species) and total catch, and catch-at-length and -age of targeted fish species. Simultaneously optimizing a criterion that defines the strata of the NPGOP sampling design is also considered. When observer coverage rates are allowed to be gear-specific for the NPGOP design, the optimized objective function is between 10% and 28% less than the value corresponding to current sampling for annual data (2000–2003) and 12% less when optimized over all years combined.
IFN-α2a or IFN-β1a in combination with ribavirin to treat Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus pneumonia: a retrospective study
Authors: Shalhoub Sarah , Farahat Fayssal , Al-Jiffri Abdullah , Simhairi Raed , Shamma Omar , Siddiqi Nauman , Mushtaq Adnan 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Objectives
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is associated with significant mortality. We examined the utility of plasma MERS-CoV PCR as a prognostic indicator and compared the efficacies of IFN-α2a and IFN-β1a when combined with ribavirin in reducing MERS-CoV-related mortality rates.

Methods
We retrospectively analysed 32 patients with confirmed MERS-CoV infection, admitted between April 2014 and June 2014, by positive respiratory sample RT–PCR. Plasma MERS-CoV RT–PCR was performed at the time of diagnosis for 19 patients.

Results
The overall mortality rate was 69% (22/32). Ninety percent (9/10) of patients with positive plasma MERS-CoV PCR died compared with 44% (4/9) of those with negative plasma MERS-CoV PCR. Mortality rate in patients who received IFN-α2a was 85% (11/13) compared with 64% (7/11) in those who received IFN-β1a (P = 0.24). The mortality rate in patients with renal failure (14), including 8 on haemodialysis, was 100%. Age &gt;50 years and diabetes mellitus were found to be significantly associated with mortality (OR = 26.1; 95% CI 3.58–190.76; P = 0.001 and OR = 15.74; 95% CI 2.46–100.67; P = 0.004, respectively). The median duration of viral shedding in patients who recovered was 11 days (range 6–38 days). Absence of fever was noted in 5/32 patients.

Conclusions
Plasma MERS-CoV RT–PCR may serve as an effective tool to predict MERS-CoV-associated mortality. Older age and comorbid conditions may have contributed to the lack of efficacy of IFN-α2a or IFN-β1a with ribavirin in treating MERS-CoV. Absence of fever should not exclude MERS-CoV.
Unusually high circumstellar absorption variability around the δ Scuti /λ Boötis star HD 183324
Authors: Montgomery Sharon L. , Welsh Barry Y. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We present both archival and new high-spectral resolution visible observations of the δ Scuti/λ Boötis star HD 183324 recorded over the 2009–2013 timeframe. Previous observations of this A0V-type star have hinted at the presence of a circumstellar disc of gas surrounding the star. These new spectral data unequivocally show a remarkably high level of variable absorption activity, whose behaviour is typical of a stellar system in which gas is added to a circumstellar disc on a sporadic basis due to the evaporation of planetesimal-like objects (i.e. ‘exocomets’). This planetesimal material most probably resides in an IR-emitting debris disc of dust and gas, similar to that of the β Pictoris exoplanet system that has recently been shown to harbor an exoplanet.
Hospital-Acquired Respiratory Viral Infections: Incidence, Morbidity, and Mortality in Pediatric and Adult Patients
Authors: Chow Eric J. , Mermel Leonard A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundHospital-acquired respiratory viral infections can result in morbidity and mortality of hospitalized patients. This study was undertaken to better understand the magnitude of the problem of nosocomial respiratory viral infections in adult and pediatric patients.MethodsThis was a retrospective study at a tertiary care adult and pediatric teaching hospital. Study patients met a priori criteria for definite or possible nosocomial respiratory viral infection.ResultsFrom April 1, 2015 to April 1, 2016, we identified 40 nosocomial respiratory viral infections in 38 patients involving 14 definite and 3 possible cases in our adult hospital and 18 definite and 5 possible cases in our pediatric hospital. The incidence was 5 cases/10 000 admissions and 44 cases/10 000 admissions to our adult and pediatric hospitals, respectively. Only 6.8% of cases were due to influenza. Although 63% of cases occurred during the fall and winter, such infections were identified throughout the year. Five (13%) nosocomial respiratory viral infections occurred in 2 adult and 3 pediatric patients who died during the hospitalization.ConclusionsNosocomial respiratory viral infections are an underappreciated cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized adult and pediatric patients. The incidence was nearly 10-fold higher in our pediatric hospital. We estimate there are approximately 18 955 pediatric and adult cases of nosocomial respiratory viral infections in US acute care hospitals each year.
SPATIAL CLUSTERING OF HODGKIN'S DISEASE IN THE SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA
Authors: GLASER SALLY L. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Numerous investigations of time-space clustering in Hodgkin's disease, designed to investigate its communicability, have produced equivocal results. Few studies have considered the spatial clustering reflecting a broader range of exposures despite sporadic evidence of such groupings of Hodgkin's disease cases. This project examined spatial (residential) patterns among 741 white Hodgkin's disease cases from the San Francisco-Oakland, California, area using 1969–1977 cancer registry incidence data and 1970 population counts. Two types of distances between cases were evaluated using new statistical methods that adjust for population density. Hodgkin's disease cases lived closer to their nearest case neighbors than expected in four of five study counties. Significant clustering of this type occurred among case subgroups defined by sex, age, and social class. There was little evidence of larger-scale clustering around a single point-source exposure. The small, widely dispersed clusters detected here suggest late exposure to a ubiquitous environmental agent involved in Hodgkin's disease etiology. These case aggregations are consistent both with prior reports of spatial clustering in this lymphoma and with evidence implicating viral or other factors in its pathogenesis.
A PUBLIC HEALTH RESPONSE TO CANCER CLUSTERS IN MISSOURI
Authors: DEVIER JANICE R. , BROWNSON ROSS C. , BAGBY JOHN R. , CARLSON GALE M. , CRELLIN JOHN R. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
A protocol was developed in 1984 by the Missouri Department of Health to provide a systematic method for responding to citizen reports of cancer clusters. This protocol integrates public health and environmental expertise and includes two stages: the preliminary review and the investigation. The preliminary review is focused on problem definition and hypothesis generation. Cancer mortality and incidence data are reviewed. Information is gathered and verified through the efforts of citizens, local health officials, environmental staff, and the cancer program staff. Epidemlologic factors evaluated include type of cancer, temporal and spatial relations, population at risk, community profile, and possible environmental and occupational factors. The investigation is an expanded analytic study. Resources are focused on cancer inquiries that appear most likely to involve manageable common exposures. Program experience and protocol development highlights, including surveillance system improvement and educational programming, are described.
TWENTY-TWO YEARS OF CANCER CLUSTER INVESTIGATIONS AT THE CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL
Authors: CALDWELL GLYN G. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Beginning in 1961, the Centers for Disease Control investigated 108 cancer clusters and reported the findings in Epidemic Aid Reports. The clusters studied were of leukemia (38%), leukemia and lymphoma (30%), leukemia and other cancer combinations (13%), and all other cancer or combinations (19%). These clusters occurred in 29 states and five foreign countries, with the largest numbers from Connecticut (11), California (eight), Illinois (eight), New York (eight), Georgia (seven), Pennsylvania (six), and Iowa (five). All other states reported less than five. Eight different data collection methods were used, often in combinations, and four types of laboratory methods on four different specimen types. Although 14 different categories of associations were reported, no dear cause was found for any cluster. Nonetheless, concern about clusters by the public and media, and the need to investigate them, warrants the development of a uniform approach for use by local health departments.
Electron Spin Resonance of Defect Centres in CaSO4:Dy
Authors: Boas J.F. , Danby R.J. , Young J.G. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Electron spin resonance measurements in the temperature range 2.7 to 20K have shown that the Dy3+ ions in the dysprosium doped CaSO4 occupy a number of different lattice sites. Both the temperature and orientation dependences of the CaSO4:Dy3+ electron spin resonance spectra are complex. It is not clear at this stage whether a dominant orthorhombic rare earth site, such as those found in CaSO4:Eu3+ and CaSO4:Gd3+, is present in CaSO4:Dy3+.
Combining actor-network theory with interventionist research: present state and future potential
Authors: Lukka Kari , Vinnari Eija 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the philosophical and practical compatibility of actor-network theory (ANT) and interventionist research (IVR) and search for explanations for their scant combined use. The scope of investigation is limited to accounting, management and organization studies (MOS), but the findings are believed to be applicable in other social sciences as well.

Design/methodology/approach
An analysis is conducted of accounting and MOS research in addition to interviewing eight accounting scholars who have applied IVR and/or ANT in their research.

Findings
A comparison of the philosophical and other features of ANT and IVR suggests that they should be relatively easily combinable in studies. Based on interview material, three types of barriers to combining ANT and IVR are identified: perceived epistemological incompatibility, fear of going native or losing neutrality and academic tribes. However, subsequent analysis indicates that none of these forms an insurmountable obstacle to the combination.

Research limitations/implications
The combined application of ANT and IVR could benefit both IVR and ANT researchers in management accounting as it would enable them to conduct theoretically grounded studies on dynamic processes, such as the emergence and implementation of accounting innovations, to pose original research questions and to find new perspectives to accounting phenomena.

Practical implications
Employing ANT and IVR in combination could increase organizational interest in management accounting research.

Originality/value
The paper contributes to the discussion on the compatibility of different research approaches and highlights ways in which researchers could benefit from combining ANT and IVR.
Microfinance regulation and effective corporate governance in Nigeria and Zambia
Authors: Okoye Ngozi , Siwale Juliana 
Published: February 2017

PurposeThere have been various forms of regulatory intervention by the central banks of countries to streamline microfinance activities and ensure effective corporate governance of microfinance institutions (MFIs). Considering the limited amount of research in this area and the need to ensure regulatory effectiveness, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of regulatory provisions on the attainment of effective corporate governance in MFIs in Nigeria and Zambia.Design/methodology/approachInterviews were conducted with regulators at the Central Bank of Nigeria and the Bank of Zambia, directors and executive management officers of MFIs and executives of apex associations of MFIs in both countries.FindingsThe paper presents five significant findings which are that the regulations have enabled negative outcomes in areas such as board composition, the ownership requirements in the regulations have resulted in differing governance implications, the certification requirements for board members are problematic in practice, supervision by regulators is ineffective and has impacts on risk management and the principle of consultation with stakeholders is inadequate in both countries.Practical implicationsRegulatory provisions must be robust and fit for purpose to ensure the microfinance initiative in emerging economies achieves the objectives of enhancing financial inclusion and economic development of the society.Originality/valueThe paper addresses an area of limited research and provides empirical findings in relation to regulation and corporate governance in developing economies, which would help to ensure regulatory effectiveness.