bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low Mortality of Larval Lampreys from Electrofishing, Suction-pumping, Anesthesia, and Handling
Authors: Jolley Jeffrey C. , Uh Christina T. , Silver Gregory S. , Whitesel Timothy A. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Native lamprey populations are declining worldwide. In the Pacific Northwest focus on conservation and management of these ecologically and culturally important species has increased. Concern has emerged regarding the effects of sampling and handling of lamprey, with little to no attention given to the larval lifestage. We monitored the survival of larval Pacific Lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus and Lampetra spp. after backpack electrofishing, deepwater electrofishing and suction-pumping, anesthesia, and handling. We performed survival trials on wild-caught lamprey (n = 15 larvae in each trial) collected from the Clackamas River drainage in Oregon, USA, coupled with control group trials from lamprey sourced from a hatchery (n = 10 larvae). Short-term (96 h) survival was &gt;98% with only one observed mortality. Delayed mortality (1 wk) was observed for four individuals that had fungus; two of those were positive for the bacteria Aeromonas hyrdrophila. We recorded blood hematocrit as a secondary measure of stress. The baseline, nonstressed larvae hematocrit levels did not differ from those of fish that had undergone stress through electrofishing, suction-pumping, and handling without anesthesia. Electrofishing, suction-pumping, and anesthesia showed no short-term negative effects on larval lamprey although potential long-term effects remain unstudied. These techniques appear to provide efficient and relatively safe methods for collecting and surveying larval lamprey.
INTRODUÇÃO E EXPANSÃO DA PSICODINÂMICA DO TRABALHO NO BRASIL: ENTREVISTA COM DEJOURS
Authors: Macedo Katia Barbosa , Heloani Roberto 
Published: September 2017

O texto está submetido como Entrevista, e apresenta a entrevista realizada com Dejours durante um estágio pós- doutoral no Cnam, visando levantar o histórico da entrada e expansão da Psicodinâmica do trabalho no Brasil, e aina discute o método prescrito e sua adequação.
In Utero Exposure to Histological Chorioamnionitis Primes the Exometabolomic Profiles of Preterm CD4+ T Lymphocytes
Authors: Matta Poojitha , Sherrod Stacy D. , Marasco Christina C. , Moore Daniel J. , McLean John A. , Weitkamp Joern-Hendrik 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Histological chorioamnionitis (HCA) is an intrauterine inflammatory condition that increases the risk for preterm birth, death, and disability because of persistent systemic and localized inflammation. The immunological mechanisms sustaining this response in the preterm newborn remain unclear. We sought to determine the consequences of HCA exposure on the fetal CD4+ T lymphocyte exometabolome. We cultured naive CD4+ T lymphocytes from HCA-positive and -negative preterm infants matched for gestational age, sex, race, prenatal steroid exposure, and delivery mode. We collected conditioned media samples before and after a 6-h in vitro activation of naive CD4+ T lymphocytes with soluble staphylococcal enterotoxin B and anti-CD28. We analyzed samples by ultraperformance liquid chromatography ion mobility–mass spectrometry. We determined the impact of HCA on the CD4+ T lymphocyte exometabolome and identified potential biomarker metabolites by multivariate statistical analyses. We discovered that: 1) CD4+ T lymphocytes exposed to HCA exhibit divergent exometabolomic profiles in both naive and activated states; 2) ∼30% of detected metabolites differentially expressed in response to activation were unique to HCA-positive CD4+ T lymphocytes; 3) metabolic pathways associated with glutathione detoxification and tryptophan degradation were altered in HCA-positive CD4+ T lymphocytes; and 4) flow cytometry and cytokine analyses suggested a bias toward a TH1-biased immune response in HCA-positive samples. HCA exposure primes the neonatal adaptive immune processes by inducing changes to the exometabolomic profile of fetal CD4+ T lymphocytes. These exometabolomic changes may link HCA exposure to TH1 polarization of the neonatal adaptive immune response.
Aging-Impaired Filamentous Actin Polymerization Signaling Reduces Alveolar Macrophage Phagocytosis of Bacteria
Authors: Li Zhigang , Jiao Yang , Fan Erica K. , Scott Melanie J. , Li Yuehua , Li Song , Billiar Timothy R. , Wilson Mark A. , Shi Xueyin , Fan Jie 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
In elderly patients, bacterial infection often causes severe complications and sepsis. Compared to younger patients, older patients are more susceptible to sepsis caused by respiratory infection. Macrophage (Mϕ) phagocytosis of bacteria plays a critical role in the clearance of pathogens and the initiation of immune responses. It has been suggested that Mϕ exhibit age-related functional alterations, including reduced chemotaxis, phagocytosis, antibacterial defense, and the ability to generate reactive oxygen species. However, the mechanisms behind these changes remain unclear. The present study sought to determine changes in bacterial phagocytosis in aging alveolar Mϕ (AMϕ) and the underlying mechanisms. We show that bacteria initiate cytoskeleton remodeling in AMϕ through interaction with macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO), a bacterial scavenger receptor. This remodeling, in turn, promotes enhanced cell surface expression of MARCO and bacterial phagocytosis. We further demonstrate that Rac1-GTP mediates MARCO signaling and activates actin-related protein-2/3 complex, an F-actin nucleator, thereby inducing F-actin polymerization, filopodia formation, and increased cell surface expression of MARCO, all of which are essential for the execution of bacteria phagocytosis. However, AMϕ isolated from aging mice exhibit suppressed Rac1 mRNA and protein expression, which resulted in decreases in Rac1-GTP levels and actin-related protein-2/3 activation, as well as subsequent attenuation of F-actin polymerization, filopodia formation, and cell surface expression of MARCO. As a result, bacterial phagocytosis in aging AMϕ is decreased. This study highlights a previously unidentified mechanism by which aging impairs Mϕ phagocytosis of bacteria. Targeting these pathways may improve outcomes of bacterial infection in elderly patients.
Priming and Activation of Inflammasome by Canarypox Virus Vector ALVAC via the cGAS/IFI16–STING–Type I IFN Pathway and AIM2 Sensor
Authors: Liu Fengliang , Niu Qingli , Fan Xiuzhen , Liu Connie , Zhang Jie , Wei Zhi , Hou Wei , Kanneganti Thirumala-Devi , Robb Merlin L. , Kim Jerome H. , Michael Nelson L. , Sun Jiaren , Soong Lynn , Hu Haitao 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Viral vectors derived from different virus families, including poxvirus (canarypox virus vector ALVAC) and adenovirus (human Ad5 vector), have been widely used in vaccine development for a range of human diseases including HIV/AIDS. Less is known about the mechanisms underlying the host innate response to these vectors. Increasing evidence from clinical vaccine trials testing different viral vectors has suggested the importance of understanding basic elements of host–viral vector interactions. In this study, we investigated the innate interactions of APCs with two commonly used HIV vaccine vectors, ALVAC and Ad5, and identified AIM2 as an innate sensor for ALVAC, triggering strong inflammasome activation in both human and mouse APCs. Microarray and comprehensive gene-knockout analyses (CRISPR/Cas9) identified that ALVAC stimulated the cGAS/IFI16–STING–type I IFN pathway to prime AIM2, which was functionally required for ALVAC-induced inflammasome activation. We also provided evidence that, in contrast to ALVAC, the Ad5 vector itself was unable to induce inflammasome activation, which was related to its inability to stimulate the STING–type I IFN pathway and to provide inflammasome-priming signals. In preconditioned APCs, the Ad5 vector could stimulate inflammasome activation through an AIM2-independent mechanism. Therefore, our study identifies the AIM2 inflammasome and cGAS/IFI16–STING–type I IFN pathway as a novel mechanism for host innate immunity to the ALVAC vaccine vector.
Nur77 Regulates Nondeletional Mechanisms of Tolerance in T Cells
Authors: Hu Qian Nancy , Suen Alexander Y. W. , Henao Caviedes Laura M. , Baldwin Troy A. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Negative selection against highly self-reactive thymocytes is critical for preventing autoimmunity. Thymocyte deletion, anergy induction, and agonist selection are all forms of negative selection that can occur following a high-affinity TCR signal. Of Bim and Nur77, two TCR-induced proteins with proapoptotic function, Bim has been shown to be important for clonal deletion in several model systems, whereas Nur77 was often dispensable. However, Nur77 has been reported to influence other aspects of T cell development by mechanisms that may not be related to its proapoptotic function. In this study, we examined the role of Nur77 during thymocyte development in the presence and absence of Bim to separate apoptotic from nonapoptotic functions of Nur77. Polyclonal Bim−/− and Bim−/−Nur77−/− mice exhibited comparable accumulation of high-affinity signaled CD4+CD8+ double-positive thymocytes and CD8+ and CD4+ single-positive thymocytes. However, combined Bim and Nur77 deficiency increased the frequency of thymic Foxp3+ T regulatory cells and Foxp3−FR4hiCD73hi anergic phenotype CD4+ T cells compared with Bim−/− mice, suggesting that Nur77 expression impairs the development of nonconventional tolerance-inducing cell fates. Using the OT-I RIP-mOVA model, we found that Nur77 deficiency did not substantially impact clonal deletion nor did it exacerbate the defect in clonal deletion in the absence of Bim. However, additional loss of Nur77 in the absence of Bim led to diabetes induction, suggesting that Nur77 promotes tolerance in this context. Together, these data reveal novel nondeletional roles for Nur77 that differ between T cell subsets and have implications for self-tolerance.
The Epidemiology of Overuse Conditions in Youth Football and High School Football Players
Authors: Morris Kevin , Simon Janet E. , Grooms Dustin R. , Starkey Chad , Dompier Thomas P. , Kerr Zachary Y. 
Published: September 2017

Context: High-intensity sport training at the youth level has led to increased concern for overuse conditions. Few researchers have examined overuse conditions in youth sports.Objective: To examine the rates, risks, and distributions of overuse conditions between youth and high school football players.Design: Descriptive epidemiologic study.Setting: Youth and high school football teams.Patients or Other Participants: The Youth Football Safety Study (YFSS) investigated youth football athletes from age 5 to 14 years. The National Athletic Treatment, Injury and Outcomes Network (NATION) focused on high school football athletes 14 to 18 years old. The YFSS data consisted of 210 team-seasons, and the NATION data consisted of 138 team-seasons.Main Outcome Measure(s): Athletic trainers collected football injury and exposure data during the 2012 and 2013 seasons. Injury rates, risks, and distributions were calculated, with injury rate ratios, risk ratios, and injury proportion ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing youth and high school football players.Results: The YFSS reported 1488 injuries, of which 53 (3.6%) were overuse conditions. The NATION reported 12 013 injuries, of which 339 (2.8%) were overuse conditions. The overuse condition rate did not differ between high school and youth football (3.93 versus 3.72/10 000 athlete-exposures; injury rate ratio = 1.06; 95% CI = 0.79, 1.41). However, the 1-season risk of overuse condition was higher in high school than in youth football players (2.66% versus 1.05%; risk ratio = 2.53; 95% CI = 1.84, 3.47). Compared with high school football players, youth football players had greater proportions of overuse conditions that were nontime loss (ie, &lt;24 hours participation-restriction time; 83.0% versus 67.0%; injury proportion ratio = 1.24; 95% CI = 1.07, 1.43) and affecting the lower extremity (92.5% versus 62.5%; injury proportion ratio = 1.48; 95% CI = 1.32, 1.65).Conclusions: Overuse conditions may not present a primary concern in youth and high school football players. However, differences existed between the 2 levels of competition. Although additional research on the incidence of overuse conditions across all youth and high school sports is needed, these findings may highlight the need for programming that is specific to competition level.
Utilizacion de un modelo simple de transporte de agua y nitrógeno en el suelo en las practicas de Horticultura
Authors: Lidón A. , Ginestar D. , Gómez de Barreda D. 
Published: September 2017

<p>Los modelos de simulación del transporte de agua y nitrógeno en el suelo son herramientas útiles para evaluar distintas prácticas de cultivo sin necesidad de tener que esperar a que se complete el ciclo de crecimiento. En concreto, los modelos compartimentales sencillos para el agua y el nitrógeno en el suelo se basan en ecuaciones de balance de masa y en la resolución de un sistema de ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias. Se plantea la posibilidad de utilizar este tipo de modelos en las prácticas de la asignatura Horticultura, evaluando distintos escenarios posibles de riego y abonado en un cultivo de coliflor. Los resultados muestran que distintas prácticas de cultivo producen diferencias en la lixiviación de nitrato y en la extracción de nitrógeno por el cultivo.</p>
Tuberculosis of the Larynx: A Review of Two Cases
Authors: Roy Kamalika P , Datta Dhruba J , Madam Srikanth , Koduru Praneeth K 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTAimTo investigate the changes in the vibratory function of the vocal cords in two diagnosed cases of tuberculosis during and after completion of treatment.BackgroundLaryngeal tuberculosis is one of the most common granulomatous diseases of the larynx. Patients present with hoarseness, irritation in throat, dysphagia, and breathlessness. The hoarseness occurs due to the granulomatous reaction involving the subepithelial layer of the vocal cords, which heal with fibrosis.Case reportsA 56-year-old male presented with a 2-month history of cough, hoarseness allegedly precipitated by vocal abuse, dysphagia, weight loss, and evening rise of temperature. There was associated history of tobacco and betel nut intake. A 50-year-old female patient presented with complaints of hoarseness of 3 months duration not associated with any cough, dysphagia, fever, weight loss, or breathlessness. Clinical examination showed whitish lesions in the vocal cords. Microlaryngeal surgery done in both cases for collecting biopsy specimen showed a chronic inflammatory process with granuloma. Antitubercular treatment consisting of Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide, and Ethambutol was given for a period of 6 months. The patients were assessed at the end of 2 and 6 months of treatment symptomatically and clinically with fiber-optic laryngoscopy and stroboscopy. Significant improvement in the vibratory pattern of vocal cords and voice quality was noted in both the patients.ConclusionEarly recognition of the disease and initiation of treatment are necessary for a desirable outcome of vibratory function of the vocal cords.Clinical significanceAs patients present with nonspecific symptoms, an accurate diagnosis of laryngeal tuberculosis can be made by a proper histopathological examination and acid-fast staining of specimen obtained by microlaryngeal surgery. Early initiation of treatment is the key to better outcome.How to cite this articleRoy KP, Datta DJ, Madam S, Koduru PK. Tuberculosis of the Larynx: A Review of Two Cases. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2017;7(1):27-30.
Implications of prescription drug monitoring and medical cannabis legislation on opioid overdose mortality
Authors: Phillips, MPH Elyse , Gazmararian, PhD, MPH Julie 
Published: September 2017

Objectives: To determine whether specific state legislation has an effect on opioid overdose mortality rates compared to states without those types of legislation. Design: Ecological study estimating opioid-related mortality in states with and without a prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) and/or medical cannabis legislation.Setting and participants: Opioid-related mortality rates for 50 states and Washington DC from 2011 to 2014 were obtained from CDC WONDER. PDMP data were obtained from the National Alliance for Model State Drug Laws, and data on medical cannabis legislation from the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws.Main outcomes and measures: The relationship between PDMPs with mandatory access provisions, medical cannabis legislation, and opioid-related mortality rates. Methods: Multivariate repeated measures analysis performed with software and services.Results: Medical cannabis laws were associated with an increase of 21.7 percent in mean age-adjusted opioid-related mortality (p < 0.0001). PDMPs were associated with an increase of 11.4 percent in mean age-adjusted opioid-related mortality (p = 0.005). For every additional year since enactment, mean age-adjusted opioid-related mortality rate increased by 1.7 percent in states with medical cannabis (p = 0.049) and 5.8 percent for states with a PDMP (p = 0.005). Interaction between both types of legislation produced a borderline significant decrease of 10.1 percent (p = 0.055). For every year states had both types of legislation, interaction resulted in a 0.6 percent decrease in rate (p = 0.013).Conclusion: When combined with the availability of medical cannabis as an alternative analgesic therapy, PDMPs may be more effective at decreasing opioid-related mortality.
A high-resolution and observationally constrained OMI NO2 satellite retrieval
Authors: Goldberg Daniel L. , Lamsal Lok N. , Loughner Christopher P. , Swartz William H. , Lu Zifeng , Streets David G. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract. This work presents a new high-resolution NO2 dataset derived from the NASA Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) NO2 version 3.0 retrieval that can be used to estimate surface-level concentrations. The standard NASA product uses NO2 vertical profile shape factors from a 1.25°  ×  1° (∼  110 km  ×  110 km) resolution Global Model Initiative (GMI) model simulation to calculate air mass factors, a critical value used to determine observed tropospheric NO2 vertical columns. To better estimate vertical profile shape factors, we use a high-resolution (1.33 km  ×  1.33 km) Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model simulation constrained by in situ aircraft observations to recalculate tropospheric air mass factors and tropospheric NO2 vertical columns during summertime in the eastern US. In this new product, OMI NO2 tropospheric columns increase by up to 160 % in city centers and decrease by 20–50 % in the rural areas outside of urban areas when compared to the operational NASA product. Our new product shows much better agreement with the Pandora NO2 and Airborne Compact Atmospheric Mapper (ACAM) NO2 spectrometer measurements acquired during the DISCOVER-AQ Maryland field campaign. Furthermore, the correlation between our satellite product and EPA NO2 monitors in urban areas has improved dramatically: r2  =  0.60 in the new product vs. r2  =  0.39 in the operational product, signifying that this new product is a better indicator of surface concentrations than the operational product. Our work emphasizes the need to use both high-resolution and high-fidelity models in order to recalculate satellite data in areas with large spatial heterogeneities in NOx emissions. Although the current work is focused on the eastern US, the methodology developed in this work can be applied to other world regions to produce high-quality region-specific NO2 satellite retrievals.
Clinical utility of HCV core antigen detection and quantification using serum samples and dried blood spots in people who inject drugs in Dar‐es‐Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Mohamed Zameer , Mbwambo Jessie , Shimakawa Yusuke , Poiteau Lila , Chevaliez Stéphane , Pawlotsky Jean‐Michel , Rwegasha John , Bhagani Sanjay , Taylor‐Robinson Simon D , Makani Julie , Thursz Mark R , Lemoine Maud 
Published: September 2017

Introduction: A lack of access to hepatitis C virus (HCV) diagnostics is a significant barrier to achieving the World Health Organization 2030 global elimination goal. HCV core antigen (HCVcAg) quantification and dried blood spot (DBS) are appealing alternatives to conventional HCV serology and nucleic acid testing (NAT) for resource‐constraint settings, particularly in difficult‐to‐reach populations. We assessed the accuracy of serum and DBS HCVcAg testing in people who inject drugs in Tanzania using HCV NAT as a reference.Method: Between May and July 2015, consecutive HCV‐seropositive patients enrolled in the local opioid substitution treatment centre were invited to participate in the study. All had HCV RNA detection (Roche Molecular Systems, Pleasanton, CA, USA), genotyping (NS5B gene phylogenetic analysis) and HCVcAg on blood samples and DBS (Architect assay; Abbott Diagnostics, Chicago, IL, USA).Results: Out of 153 HCV‐seropositive individuals, 65 (42.5%) and 15 (9.8%) were co‐infected with HIV (41 (63%) were on anti‐retroviral therapy (ARVs)) and hepatitis B respectively. In total, 116 were viraemic, median viral load of 5.7 (Interquartile range (IQR); 4.0–6.3) log iU/ml (75 (68.2%) were genotype 1a, 35 (31.8%) genotype 4a). The median alanine transaminase (ALT) (iU/l), aspartate transaminase (AST) (iU/l) and gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT) (iU/l) were 35 (IQR; 23–51), 46 (32–57) and 69 (35–151) respectively. For the quantification of HCV RNA, serum HCVcAg had a sensitivity at 99.1% and a specificity at 94.1%, with an area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) at 0.99 (95% CI 0.98–1.00). DBS HCVcAg had a sensitivity of 76.1% and a specificity of 97.3%, with an AUROC of 0.87 (95% CI 0.83–0.92). HCVcAg performance did not differ by HIV co‐infection or HCV genotype.Conclusions: Our study suggests that HCVcAg testing in serum is an excellent alternative to HCV polymerase chain reaction in Africa. Although HCVcAg detection and quantification in DBS has a reduced sensitivity, its specificity and accuracy are good and it could therefore be used for scaling up HCV testing and care in resource‐limited African settings.