bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histological features associated with diagnostic agreement in atypical ductal hyperplasia of the breast: illustrative cases from the B‐Path study
Authors: Allison Kimberly H , Rendi Mara H , Peacock Sue , Morgan Tom , Elmore Joann G , Weaver Donald L 
Published: July 2016

AimsThis study examined the case‐specific characteristics associated with interobserver diagnostic agreement in atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) of the breast.Methods and resultsSeventy‐two test set cases with a consensus diagnosis of ADH from the B‐Path study were evaluated. Cases were scored for 17 histological features, which were then correlated with the participant agreement with the consensus ADH diagnosis. Participating pathologists’ perceptions of case difficulty, borderline features or whether they would obtain a second opinion were also examined for associations with agreement. Of the 2070 participant interpretations of the 72 consensus ADH cases, 48% were scored by participants as difficult and 45% as borderline between two diagnoses; the presence of both of these features was significantly associated with increased agreement (P < 0.001). A second opinion would have been obtained in 80% of interpretations, and this was associated with increased agreement (P < 0.001). Diagnostic agreement ranged from 10% to 89% on a case‐by‐case basis. Cases with papillary lesions, cribriform architecture and obvious cytological monotony were associated with higher agreement. Lower agreement rates were associated with solid or micropapillary architecture, borderline cytological monotony, or cases without a diagnostic area that was obvious on low power.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that pathologists frequently recognize the challenge of ADH cases, with some cases being more prone to diagnostic variability. In addition, there are specific histological features associated with diagnostic agreement on ADH cases. Multiple example images from cases in this test set are provided to serve as educational illustrations of these challenges.
The dark side of “doing the right thing”: regulatory mode predicts the inaction inertia effect
Authors: Zhang ShiLei , Liu Huixia , Shi Rui 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe inaction inertia effect refers to the idea that when people miss out on an initial opportunity, they are prone to stay inactive afterward. However, little is known about how personality relates to inaction inertia. The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of regulatory mode in the inaction inertia effect. Study 1 found that an assessment mode positively predicts inaction inertia while a locomotion mode is not related to inaction inertia. Study 2 replicated this finding in a different scenario. Study 3 found that priming assessment mode (compared with locomotion mode) predicts inaction inertia. Implications of how regulatory mode influences inaction inertia are discussed.
Importance of coalescent development of Gracilaria sp. tetraspores
Authors: Yu Ruixue , Lin Apeng , Xie Xiujun , Wang Hui , Zhang Fu , Liu Guangzhou , Wang Guangce , Lin Cunguo 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYGracilaria spp. are dominant macroalgae inhabiting the intertidal zone and are exposed to constant wave action and currents. In wild Gracilaria populations, fronds tend to occur in clusters, being grouped close to one another on the shore. It is rare to find thalli growing individually, but the reason for such a clustering development is unknown. In this study we traced the early development of tetraspores of Gracilaria sp. and examined the adhesion strength of discs. We recorded two different tetraspore‐derived disc developmental patterns: in the first pattern, individual tetraspores developed into discs; whereas in the second pattern, multiple tetraspores that had attached in proximity to each other, coalesced to form a single composite disc during early development. We found that more uprights grew from coalesced discs and that the attachment areas of coalesced discs were larger compared with those of individual discs. The adhesion strengths of coalesced discs and individual discs were analyzed. The retention percentage of coalesced discs after treatment with rapid water flow was higher than that of individual discs, suggesting that coalesced discs are better able to withstand wave flow when compared with single‐spore discs. Based on these results, we propose that the clustering of Gracilaria sp. plants at sites within the intertidal zone is a mechanism that enables this macroalgae to survive the wave action and currents that occur in this zone, and that plant recruitment in these areas is enhanced by the coalescence of holdfast discs during early development.
Desenvolvimento de produtos pecuários a partir do reaproveitamento de resíduos industriais e fibras vegetais
Authors: Barbosa Fabio alves , Agnelli José Augusto Marcondes , Scheide Cesar Augusto , Moreno Abdimar , Casarin Suzan Aline , Vergara Walter Roberto Hernández 
Published: July 2016

O presente trabalho discute o desenvolvimento e projeto de três produtos pecuários e respectivos processos de manufatura - os produtos são fabricados de materiais compostos végeto-poliméricos obtidos de uma combinação de resíduos de filmes plásticos e fibras vegetais. Este artigo se refere a um projeto de inovação tecnológica do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Programa de Formação de Recursos Humanos em Áreas Estratégicas (CNPq-RHAE). As atividades de pesquisa foram realizadas em parceria entre duas universidades federais brasileiras e um fabricante de embalagens plásticas flexíveis e possibilitou a elaboração de um plano para implantar uma nova unidade de negócios. Por fim, a nova unidade fabril está alinhada com a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (Lei Federal nº 12.305/2010), permitindo agregar valor aos resíduos industriais para produzir novos produtos pecuários. This paper discusses the development and design of three cattle raising products and its manufacturing processes - the products are manufactured of vegetal-polymeric composites obtained from a combination of industrial plastic residues and plant fibers.This article refers to a technological innovation project of National Council for Scientific and Technological Development - Training Programme for Human Resources in Strategic Areas. The survey activities were done in partnership between two Brazilian federal universities and a manufacturer of flexible plastic packages and enabled the drawing up a plan to establish a new business unit. Finally, the new plant is in line with the National Policy on Solid Wastes, allowing add value to industrial residues to fabricate new cattle raising products.
Evolution of Well-Being and Happiness After Increases in Consumption of Fruit and Vegetables
Authors: Mujcic Redzo , J.Oswald Andrew 
Published: July 2016

Objectives. To explore whether improvements in psychological well-being occur after increases in fruit and vegetable consumption. Methods. We examined longitudinal food diaries of 12 385 randomly sampled Australian adults over 2007, 2009, and 2013 in the Household, Income, and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey. We adjusted effects on incident changes in happiness and life satisfaction for people’s changing incomes and personal circumstances. Results. Increased fruit and vegetable consumption was predictive of increased happiness, life satisfaction, and well-being. They were up to 0.24 life-satisfaction points (for an increase of 8 portions a day), which is equal in size to the psychological gain of moving from unemployment to employment. Improvements occurred within 24 months. Conclusions. People’s motivation to eat healthy food is weakened by the fact that physical health benefits accrue decades later, but well-being improvements from increased consumption of fruit and vegetables are closer to immediate. Policy implications. Citizens could be shown evidence that “happiness” gains from healthy eating can occur quickly and many years before enhanced physical health.
Effect of the Concentration of Hop Cone Extract on the Antibacterial, Physico-Chemical and Functional Properties of Adhesive Toilet Cleaners
Authors: Wasilewski Thomasz , Czerwonka Dominik , Piotrowska Urszula 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The study discusses the technology of preparation, and antibacterial, physicochemical and functional properties of advanced eco-friendly products for maintaining hygiene in toilets. The active substance with antibacterial properties which was added to the formulations for the purpose of the study was Humulus lupulus (hop cone) extract obtained under supercritical carbon dioxide conditions. The assumption was that the extract would improve the antibacterial activity of the products without adversely affecting their functional properties. The addition of hop cone extract at the concentration of 0.1% to the tested formulations was found to produce an antibacterial effect against S. aureus bacteria, however, no such activity was demonstrated against E. coli bacteria. Moreover, an increase in the content of the extract was shown to enhance product viscosity, at the same time extending the time of dissolution in water and improving the adhesive power to solid surfaces. The properties are highly desirable for the functionality of products of this type.
Elternschaftsabsichten in Deutschland unter dem Einfluss von Modernisierungs- und Prekarisierungsprozessen
Authors: Baron Daniel , Schulze-Oeing Caroline 
Published: July 2016

Although pluralization of life forms and effects of precarious work have recently been matters of debate among scholars in the social sciences, only little is known about the impact of both processes on fertility intentions. Focusing individual attitudes of young German adults towards these issues, this paper investigates whether pluralization of life forms or effects of precarious work lead to lower rates of fertility intentions. Based on social exchange theory, empirical results show a significantly negative impact of modern gender role attitudes on fertility intentions. When conducting separate analyses for each gender group, this effect vanishes. Controlling for males, subjective precariousness exerts a negative effect, whereas a high amount of fixed-term contracts during professional career exerts a positive effect on fertility intentions. However, females’ fertility intentions are positively affected in a significant manner by a high degree of satisfaction with partnership.
Zusammenfassung
Während die Einflüsse der Partnerschaftsqualität von sozioökonomischen Faktoren auf die Elternschaftsabsichten junger Erwachsener in Deutschland inzwischen empirisch gut erforscht sind, ist vergleichsweise wenig bekannt über die konkurrierenden Auswirkungen subjektiv verarbeiteter Modernisierungs- und Prekarisierungsfolgen. Basierend auf austauschtheoretischen Ansätzen, führen egalitäre Geschlechterrollenbilder zu einer signifikanten Abschwächung von Elternschaftsabsichten. Dieser Effekt verschwindet sobald nach Geschlechtergruppen getrennte Modelle berechnet werden. Für Männer zeigt sich zudem, dass schwächere subjektive Prekaritätswahrnehmungen mit erhöhten Elternschaftsabsichten einhergehen, während ein hoher Anteil befristeter Beschäftigung im Lebenslauf ebenfalls zur Verstärkung von Elternschaftsintentionen führt. Bei Frauen spielen hingegen weder Prekarisierungs noch Modernisierungseffekte eine Rolle – hier zeitigt lediglich die Partnerschaftszufriedenheit einen signifikant positiven Effekt auf Elternschaftsabsichten.
A distinct source and differentiation history for Kolumbo submarine volcano, Santorini volcanic field, Aegean arc
Authors: Klaver Martijn , Carey Steven , Nomikou Paraskevi , Smet Ingrid , Godelitsas Athanasios , Vroon Pieter 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis study reports the first detailed geochemical characterization of Kolumbo submarine volcano in order to investigate the role of source heterogeneity in controlling geochemical variability within the Santorini volcanic field in the central Aegean arc. Kolumbo, situated 15 km to the northeast of Santorini, last erupted in 1650 AD and is thus closely associated with the Santorini volcanic system in space and time. Samples taken by remotely‐operated vehicle that were analyzed for major element, trace element and Sr‐Nd‐Hf‐Pb isotope composition include the 1650 AD and underlying K2 rhyolitic, enclave‐bearing pumices that are nearly identical in composition (73 wt.% SiO2, 4.2 wt.% K2O). Lava bodies exposed in the crater and enclaves are basalts to andesites (52–60 wt.% SiO2). Biotite and amphibole are common phenocryst phases, in contrast with the typically anhydrous mineral assemblages of Santorini. The strong geochemical signature of amphibole fractionation and the assimilation of lower crustal basement in the petrogenesis of the Kolumbo magmas indicates that Kolumbo and Santorini underwent different crustal differentiation histories and that their crustal magmatic systems are unrelated. Moreover, the Kolumbo samples are derived from a distinct, more enriched mantle source that is characterized by high Nb/Yb (>3) and low 206Pb/204Pb (<18.82) that has not been recognized in the Santorini volcanic products. The strong dissimilarity in both petrogenesis and inferred mantle sources between Kolumbo and Santorini suggests that pronounced source variations can be manifested in arc magmas that are closely associated in space and time within a single volcanic field.
Assessment of the weather research and forecasting model generalized parameterization schemes for advancement of precipitation forecasting in monsoon‐driven river basins
Authors: Sikder Safat , Hossain Faisal 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSome of the world's largest and flood‐prone river basins experience a seasonal flood regime driven by the monsoon weather system. Highly populated river basins with extensive rain‐fed agricultural productivity such as the Ganges, Indus, Brahmaputra, Irrawaddy, and Mekong are examples of monsoon‐driven river basins. It is therefore appropriate to investigate how precipitation forecasts from numerical models can advance flood forecasting in these basins. In this study, the Weather Research and Forecasting model was used to evaluate downscaling of coarse‐resolution global precipitation forecasts from a numerical weather prediction model. Sensitivity studies were conducted using the TOPSIS analysis to identify the likely best set of microphysics and cumulus parameterization schemes, and spatial resolution from a total set of 15 combinations. This identified best set can pinpoint specific parameterizations needing further development to advance flood forecasting in monsoon‐dominated regimes. It was found that the Betts‐Miller‐Janjic cumulus parameterization scheme with WRF Single‐Moment 5‐class, WRF Single‐Moment 6‐class, and Thompson microphysics schemes exhibited the most skill in the Ganges‐Brahmaputra‐Meghna basins. Finer spatial resolution (3 km) without cumulus parameterization schemes did not yield significant improvements. The short‐listed set of the likely best microphysics‐cumulus parameterization configurations was found to also hold true for the Indus basin. The lesson learned from this study is that a common set of model parameterization and spatial resolution exists for monsoon‐driven seasonal flood regimes at least in South Asian river basins.
Synthesis of Enantiomerically Enriched Chiral Tetrahydroquinolines via Sequential Dearomatization/Enantioselective Borylation Reactions
Authors: Kubota Koji , Watanabe Yuta , Ito Hajime 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA novel approach has been developed for the synthesis of chiral 3‐boryl‐tetrahydroquinolines via the copper(I)‐catalyzed regio‐ and enantioselective protoborylation of 1,2‐dihydroquinolines, which were prepared by the partial reduction of the corresponding quinoline derivatives. This dearomatization/enantioselective borylation sequence has been used to provide a facile access to a wide variety of functionalized tetrahydroquinolines under mild conditions from readily available quinoline starting materials in combination with the stereospecific transformation of a stereogenic C−B bond. A theoretical study of the mechanism for the enantioselectivity of the reaction is also described.magnified image
β‐Alkyloxazolochlorins: Revisiting the Ozonation of Octaalkylporphyrins, and Beyond
Authors: Sharma Meenakshi , Meehan Eileen , Mercado Brandon Q. , Brückner Christian 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe reaction of β‐octaalkylporphyrins (octaethylporphyrin and etioporphyrin I) with ozone generated the corresponding heptaalkyloxazolochlorinhemiacetals in which a pyrrolic subunit of the porphyrins was replaced by an oxazoline moiety. Thus, a pyrrolic β‐carbon with its alkyl substituent was excised and replaced by an oxygen atom, and the neighboring β‐carbon was hydroxylated. This work clarifies the nature of the products first described by Fischer and Deželić, in 1933, and verifies the work by Shulg′a and coworkers, from 1977. Furthermore, the chemistry of the oxazolochlorin hemiacetals was studied: They could be dehydroxylated or converted to alkyl acetals and gem‐dialkyl derivatives, all possessing chlorin‐type optical spectra. Their oxidative conversions generated a unique tetrahydrofuran‐linked oxazolochlorin dimer and a hexaethylporpholactone. The work expands on the knowledge of converting porphyrins to porphyrinoids of potential utility containing nonpyrrolic building heterocycles.
Unexpected Behavior of the Heaviest Halogen Astatine in the Nucleophilic Substitution of Aryliodonium Salts
Authors: Guérard François , Lee Yong‐Sok , Baidoo Kwamena , Gestin Jean‐François , Brechbiel Martin W. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of François Guérard at the University of Nantes, in collaboration with scientists at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda. The image depicts the finish of a race between all the halogens, with astatine far ahead of the others. The diaryliodonium at the finish line highlights the unexpectedly high reactivity of astatide towards this class of compounds. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201600922.
The temporal relationship between diabetes and cancer: A population‐based study
Authors: Lega Iliana C. , Wilton Andrew S. , Austin Peter C. , Fischer Hadas D. , Johnson Jeffrey A. , Lipscombe Lorraine L. 
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUNDDiabetes is associated with an increased risk of several cancers; however, greater detection of cancer around the time of diabetes diagnosis may partly contribute to this relationship. The goal of the current study was to explore the temporal relationship between diabetes and cancer incidence.METHODSThe authors conducted a retrospective, population‐based cohort study of >1 million adults living in Ontario, Canada to evaluate the association between diabetes diagnosis and the incidence of cancer in 3 time periods: within the 10 years before a diabetes diagnosis, within the first 3 months after a diabetes diagnosis, and from 3 months to 10 years after a diabetes diagnosis.RESULTSIndividuals with diabetes were significantly more likely to have been diagnosed with cancer within the 10 years before a diabetes diagnosis compared with individuals without diabetes (odds ratio, 1.23; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.19‐1.27). Cancer incidence also was found to be significantly higher in individuals with diabetes within the 3‐month period after a diabetes diagnosis (hazard ratio, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.52‐1.74), whereas the risk was not found to be elevated in the later period (hazard ratio, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95‐0.98). Similar trends were noted for individual cancers.CONCLUSIONSThe results demonstrated that individuals with diabetes had a significantly higher risk of most cancers, which was limited to the time periods before and immediately after a diabetes diagnosis. The highest risk period was observed within the first 3 months after a diabetes diagnosis, suggesting a partial role of detection bias in the apparent relationship between diabetes and cancer. Cancer 2016. © 2016 American Cancer Society. Cancer 2016;122:2731–2738. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Excited‐State Decay in the Photoisomerisation of Azobenzene: A New Balance between Mechanisms
Authors: Casellas Josep , Bearpark Michael J. , Reguero Mar 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe mechanism of the photoisomerisation of azobenzene has been studied by means of multiconfigurational ab initio calculations. Our results show that it is necessary to account for the dynamic electron correlation in the location of the critical points (CASPT2 optimizations) to obtain a correct description of the topography of the potential energy surfaces of the low energy singlet excited states. By using this methodology, we have found that the state populated by the initial excitation is the S2 (ππ*) state, which decays very efficiently to the S1 (nπ*) state at a pedal‐like non‐rotated geometry. In the S1 state, relaxation leads to a rotated geometry where the system decays to the ground state, in which further relaxation can lead to either the trans or cis geometries. However, the S1/S0 conical intersection seam also extends to planar geometries, so this reaction path is also accessible for rotation‐constrained systems. Our results explain the experimental observations satisfactorily.
Nematode endoparasites do not codiversify with their stick insect hosts
Authors: Larose Chloé , Schwander Tanja 
Published: July 2016

AbstractHost–parasite coevolution stems from reciprocal selection on host resistance and parasite infectivity, and can generate some of the strongest selective pressures known in nature. It is widely seen as a major driver of diversification, the most extreme case being parallel speciation in hosts and their associated parasites. Here, we report on endoparasitic nematodes, most likely members of the mermithid family, infecting differentTimemastick insect species throughout California. The nematodes develop in the hemolymph of their insect host and kill it upon emergence, completely impeding host reproduction. Given the direct exposure of the endoparasites to the host's immune system in the hemolymph, and the consequences of infection on host fitness, we predicted that divergence among hosts may drive parallel divergence in the endoparasites. Our phylogenetic analyses suggested the presence of two differentiated endoparasite lineages. However, independently of whether the two lineages were considered separately or jointly, we found a complete lack of codivergence between the endoparasitic nematodes and their hosts in spite of extensive genetic variation among hosts and among parasites. Instead, there was strong isolation by distance among the endoparasitic nematodes, indicating that geography plays a more important role than host‐related adaptations in driving parasite diversification in this system. The accumulating evidence for lack of codiversification between parasites and their hosts at macroevolutionary scales contrasts with the overwhelming evidence for coevolution within populations, and calls for studies linking micro‐ versus macroevolutionary dynamics in host–parasite interactions.