bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Condition‐Dependent Female Aggression and Its Effects on Mating Success and Sexual Cannibalism in Jumping Spiders
Authors: Vickers Michael E. , Robertson Marianne W. , Wilcoxen Travis E. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPre‐copulatory sexual cannibalism is an extreme form of aggression toward potential mates. In this study, we examined condition‐dependent female aggression and its effects on mating success and frequency of pre‐copulatory sexual cannibalism in the jumping spider Phidippus audax Hentz 1845. We examined two of the leading hypotheses of why sexual cannibalism may occur, (1) female mate choice and (2) adaptive female foraging. We separated 137 adult virgin female P. audax into three feeding treatments: (1) well‐fed spiders, (2) 14‐day food deprived, and (3) 28‐day food deprived. We recorded weight loss (14‐ and 28‐day treatments) and survival rates. We conducted mating trials to measure the proportion of non‐aggressive and aggressive male and female behaviors, male mating success, and pre‐copulatory sexual cannibalism. Females deprived of food had higher weight loss and lower survival rates than well‐fed females. In addition, food deprived female spiders exhibited higher proportions of aggressive behaviors and pre‐copulatory sexual cannibalism, and lower mating success compared to well‐fed spiders. We found that as male size increased females were less likely to cannibalize males, but we found no effect of male body condition on whether a male mated with or was cannibalized by a female. Our results are consistent with the adaptive foraging hypothesis and corroborates prior research on pre‐copulatory sexual cannibalism.
Spiraling down: Fearful attachment style moderates the link between parental burnout and violence
Authors: Schittek Alice , Roskam Isabelle , Mikolajczak Moïra 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the current preregistered cross‐sectional study was to examine whether in parents with high anxious (characterized with a negative model of self), dismissing (characterized with a negative model of others), and fearful attachment styles (characterized with a negative model of self and of others), the link between parental burnout and violence toward the offspring is stronger.BackgroundPast research has shown that parental burnout exacerbates violence toward the offspring, but the correlation is not perfect (r = .49), which suggests that not all parents in burnout out are violent, and that moderators might therefore be at play.MethodParticipants (N = 794) answered an online questionnaires one time, through Prolific. Parental burnout, violence, and attachment styles were measured through the Parental Burnout Assessment, the Parental Violence Scale, and the Relationship Questionnaire. Multiple regression analyses were performed to test the moderating role of anxious, dismissing, and fearful attachment styles.ResultsParental burnout and all attachment styles are significantly related to violence. However, only fearful attachment style significantly potentiated the relation between parental burnout and violence.ConclusionIn parents with high fearful attachment style, the link between parental burnout and violence toward the offspring is stronger. Results are discussed in light of the role of internal models of self and others.ImplicationsAnxious, dismissing, and fearful attachment styles should systematically be investigated when dealing with burnt out parents, as some may be associated with a higher risk of violence toward the offspring.
The Accelerating Loss of Resilience in Suburban Woodlands Can Largely Be Attributed to the Changes in Urban Precipitation Patterns
Authors: Chen Han , Xiang Yuhui 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTVegetation resilience holds significant importance for stabilizing ecosystem service functions in a changing climate. While global land surface vegetation resilience changes have been extensively studied, the impact of urbanization on the resilience of suburban woodlands remains inadequately understood. In this study, we utilized two critical slowing down (CSD) indicators, namely lag‐one autocorrelation (LOA) and variance (VA), to assess the vegetation resilience, its long‐term trends, and influencing factors in suburban woodlands across 1356 cities worldwide. The recovery rates estimated by LOA () and VA () showed close alignment in suburban woodlands with low suburban forest coverage (SFC) areas (correlation coefficient (r) = 0.95). However, a notable divergence was observed in areas with high SFC (r = 0.73). Suburban woodlands with high SFC typically exhibited lower recovery rate estimates, thus indicating greater vegetation resilience compared to areas with lower SFC. From 1986 to 2022, the recovery rates of suburban woodland areas in over 83% of the cities demonstrated a significant upward trend, with an average of 3.23 × 10−3 year−1 for both and , signifying a widespread decline in vegetation resilience. The accelerating pace of urbanization led to higher rising rates of and during 2010–2022 (5.11 × 10−3 year−1) compared to 1986–1999 (0.49 × 10−3 year−1). The notable decrease in resilience of forestland was primarily attributed to reduced precipitation in urban suburbs, which can be explained by urbanization‐induced heat island and building barrier effects, causing a shift of precipitation center from urban suburbs to central cities. In summary, this study revealed that urbanization diminishes the vegetation resilience of urban suburban woodlands by altering urban precipitation patterns. These findings underscore the necessity of augmenting water availability in urban suburbs to restore resilience in these woodlands, thereby enhancing their ecosystem service value.
Giant cell interstitial pneumonia: case series with comprehensive ultrastructural analyses of “not only” hard metal pneumoconiosis
Authors: Fortarezza Francesco , Perilli Matteo , Della Barbera Mila , Pezzuto Federica , Faccioli Eleonora , Cocconcelli Elisabetta , Cozzi Emanuele , Somigliana Anna Benedetta , Bonvicini Barbara , Rea Federico , Basso Cristina , Rizzo Stefania , Calabrese Fiorella 
Published: October 2024

AimsGiant cell interstitial pneumonia (GIP) is a fibrosing lung disease histologically characterized by centrilobular pulmonary fibrosis and cannibalistic intra‐alveolar multinucleated giant cells. It is considered a form of pneumoconiosis caused particularly by secondary exposure to hard metals (cemented carbide or tungsten carbide). Hard metals are commonly used in various industrial applications, such as cutting tools, drilling tools, machine inserts, and other wear‐resistant components. However, cases with unknown exposure that recurred in transplanted lungs have been described. This has led to the hypothesis of a complex etiopathogenesis, likely multifactorial, involving the coparticipation of immune mechanisms. We aimed to identify all the elements present in a series of GIP lung samples to better understand the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease.Methods and ResultsWe describe five cases of histologically diagnosed GIP in patients with occupational exposure to metallic dust using ultrastructural characterization to identify metal dust and to quantify asbestos fibres. We found that tungsten was present in three cases, albeit in trace amounts in two of them. Numerous elements were identified in all samples, including asbestos fibres in patients with endstage pulmonary fibrosis. Furthermore, in one of the described cases the recurrence of the disease was also observed in transplanted lungs.ConclusionThese findings support the hypothesis that GIP may be due to elements other than hard metals, with asbestos possibly representing a contributory factor in the expression of a more severe fibrotic disease. The recurrence of GIP observed in transplanted organs strengthens the hypothesis of the existence of a not yet fully understood etiopathogenic immune mechanism.
Why do dentists refrain from intervention in cases of persistent asymptomatic apical periodontitis in root canal filled teeth? An interview study among general dental practitioners
Authors: Lindström Maria Granevik , Fransson Helena , Dawson Victoria S. , Kvist Thomas ,   EndoReCo, Wolf Eva 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimTo explore the context in which general dental practitioners (GDPs) decide to refrain from further treatment, that is, ortho‐ or retrograde retreatment or extraction of a root canal filled tooth with persistent asymptomatic apical periodontitis (PAAP).MethodologyFifteen GDPs were strategically selected for in‐depth interviews. The informants were encouraged to describe in their own words and in as much detail as possible, the three most recent patient cases of PAAP of a root canal filled tooth, in which they decided to refrain from further treatment. The interviews were recorded digitally and transcribed verbatim. The collected material was analysed according to Qualitative Content Analysis with an inductive approach.ResultsA pattern of varying degrees of uncertainty associated with the decision process was identified. The motives to refrain intervention had great diversity. The result from analysis of the qualitative data was formulated in an overall theme ‘Between doubt and certainty in a complex clinical context’ covering the latent content. The first main category covering the manifest content was ‘The continuum of confidence’ with three subcategories ‘Experienced uncertainty’, ‘Reluctant approval’ and ‘At ease with refraining’ illustrating the feelings and attitudes experienced by the informants. The second category was ‘In support of acceptance’ with three subcategories ‘Patient's autonomy, risks and cost‐benefits’, ‘Emotional aspects’ and ‘Relieving measures’ representing the reasons for refraining from intervention.ConclusionsThe decision to refrain from further treatment, that is, ortho‐ or retrograde retreatment or extraction of a root canal filled tooth with PAAP was made with some measure of confidence, combined with compensatory strategies to support the decision, taking into account not only values beneficial to the patient and awareness of limited external resources, but also factors related to the informants' personal preferences, convenience, concerns, ambition and emotions.
Extraction method for characterizing microcracks on Si3N4 ceramic bearings rolling element with contour segmentation
Authors: Yu Dongling , Liu Guiling , Li Guangmao , Jiang Hong , Hu Weiwen , Dong Feng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAiming at the fuzzy diffusion characteristics of microcrack regions in Si3N4 ceramic bearing rolling elements, an adaptive region segmentation method is proposed to achieve precise extraction of microcrack features. The fuzzy diffusion effect of the microcrack region is analyzed, and a structural complexity matrix is defined to represent the degree of structural variation in the image. A threshold point is determined through histogram analysis, and the matrix dispersion rate is calculated using a box plot to update the correction factor, optimizing the overlap of noise in the microcrack image. The causes of distortion in the microcrack region are analyzed, and pixel points are assigned based on spatial metrics and LAB color features. The fuzzy boundaries and overlapping regions are segmented using the fuzzy C‐means clustering algorithm. A grid search algorithm is embedded to quantitatively evaluate the optimal combination of hyperparameters, enabling comprehensive extraction of microcrack features in Si3N4 ceramic bearing rolling elements. The optimized image achieves an average peak signal‐to‐noise ratio of 39.3, an information fidelity criterion of 7.9328, and an average extraction accuracy of approximately 0.92, effectively overcoming the impact of the fuzzy diffusion effect on the accuracy of microcrack feature extraction in Si3N4 ceramic bearing rolling elements.
Microstructure evolution and nitriding mechanism of Ti‐6Al‐4 V alloy in alumina‐based refractories
Authors: Xu Deting , Yu Renhong , Li Mancang , Zang Yunfei , Ren Jiawang , Ren Hengxing , Huang Jiangwen , Lian Fang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe aims of this study were to explore the nitriding mechanism of Ti‐6Al‐4 V alloy in Al2O3‐based refractories. Al2O3‐based composite refractories were fabricated using Ti‐6Al‐4 V and sintered alumina as main materials, followed by nitriding at different temperatures in a nitrogen atmosphere. Phase and microstructure evolution of the products was analyzed by X‐ray diffraction and field‐emission scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The results reveal a multi‐stage nitridation process of Ti‐6Al‐4 V at different temperatures. At 900°C, nitridation of the Ti‐6Al‐4 V surface results in the formation of a (Ti,V)N solid solution, while Al and V migrate inward, forming intermetallic compounds Ti3Al and a‐Ti (Ti1‐x‐yVxAly) with rich Al and V. At 1100°C, nitridation of Ti3Al produces intermediate products like Ti2AlN or Ti3AlN, with continued inward migration of Al or V to form the intermetallic α2 phase of (Ti1‐xVx)3yAly in the center of the alloy particles. At 1300°C, decomposition of Ti2AlN or Ti3AlN results in the outward migration of Al atoms and the presence of AlN on the outer layer of Ti‐6Al‐4 V particles, thus forming a hollow structure. Finally, at 1500°C, the (Ti,V)N solid solution grains grow as a result of further diffusion and dissolution of nitrogen.
An inconvenient truth: When ideologies of multilingualism lead to auto‐inflicted epistemic exclusion by multilingual students in higher education
Authors: Melo‐Pfeifer Sílvia , Tavares Vander 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this article, we juxtapose two international contexts of higher education to critically examine both the situated complexity of (restrictive) ideologies of multilingualism and the ways such ideologies inform multilingual students’ choices of language use that contribute to their own epistemic exclusion in Canada and Germany. A content analysis of data from interviews and written reflections on language choice illustrates that the ideologies of (1) devaluation of partial repertoires, (2) maximalist view of language competences, (3) neoliberal multilingualism, and (4) native‐speakerism‐in‐multilingualism are enacted and reproduced by students themselves in both contexts, leading to auto‐inflicted epistemic exclusion. The findings reveal not only the pervasiveness of monolingualism within multilingualism and higher education, but also the hierarchization of languages and their (imagined) speakers, from which we conclude that not all forms of individual multilingualism are valued, despite increasing celebration of diversity in global higher education.
High‐efficiency electromagnetic absorption of HfC–SiCf ceramics with a 3D reticular structure
Authors: Zhang Yaqi , Li Rong , Luo Wenjing , Mei Min , Hu Pengfei , Mao Xiaodong , Zhen Qiang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe development of high‐temperature electromagnetic (EM) wave absorbing materials is an important direction for achieving radar stealth in high‐speed aircraft. In this study, HfC–SiCf composite ceramics with 3D reticular structure were synthesized in one‐step using the molten‐salt‐assisted carbon thermal reduction method. During the synthesis process, SiC grew in situ into a fibrous structure with a diameter of 500 nm and lengths ranging from 2 to 30 µm. By adjusting the molar ratio of HfC to SiC, the HfC‐30 mol% SiC (HS30) exhibited the best EM absorption performance at room temperature, with a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −31.4 dB at 16.1 GHz and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 4.6 GHz. The excellent absorption performance was attributed to the 3D reticular structure composed of SiC fibers, HfC bulk, and HfC nanoparticles, which significantly increased the number of pores and heterogeneous interfaces in the material. These microinterfaces induced interface polarization effects, thereby effectively enhancing the EM absorption. As the temperature increased, the EM absorption performance declined. At 900°C, the HS30 sample exhibited an EAB of 1.18 GHz from 12.4 to 13.58 GHz and an RLmin of 22.6 dB at 13.0 GHz. This research provides references for understanding the effects of material composition and structure on EM absorption performance.
β‐Cristobalite thermal expansion and stability in environmental barrier coating systems
Authors: Stokes Jamesa L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSiC‐based ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) for turbine engine applications require environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) to protect against water‐vapor induced corrosion. A significant limiting factor of EBC operating lifetime is the formation of a SiO2 thermally grown oxide (TGO) at the EBC–CMC interface at high temperature. Its rapid growth as well as displacive β→α cristobalite phase transformation upon cooling induces strains at this interface, which can result in coating spallation. Recent work has explored upon the use of modifier oxides in EBCs to reduce oxidizing specie transport and possibly stabilize the SiO2 TGO. This work utilizes EBC–glass mixtures to characterize the properties of modifier‐stabilized SiO2 and assess its impact in future EBC systems.
The structural, magnetic, and optical properties of flame spray pyrolysis‐derived spinel NiFe2O4 nanoparticles
Authors: Yildirim Serdar , Ozler Berk , Ozdemir Erdem Tevfik , Erol Mustafa , Dikici Tuncay , Oguzlar Sibel 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this study, spinel NiFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized employing a one‐step flame spray pyrolysis technique and subjected to annealing at 500°C for 4 h. Thermal, structural, elemental, morphological, magnetic, and photoluminescence properties of the nanoparticles before and after annealing were evaluated using thermogravimetry–differential thermal analyzer, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, vibrating sample magnetometry, and fluorescence spectrometer, respectively. Results revealed a pronounced increase in particle size from an average of 80 nm to approximately 140 nm postannealing. XRD verified the retention of the cubic spinel structure with enhanced crystallinity and grain enlargement post‐thermal treatment, without the emergence of additional phases. The photoluminescence analysis showed distinct blue and green emission bands, with excitation at about 364 nm leading to blue emission at 500 nm and green emission at 550 nm both as‐prepared and postannealing. Additionally, magnetic characterization revealed an improvement in saturation magnetization from 16.31 emu/g for the as‐prepared samples to 29.68 emu/g postannealing, underscoring the annealing process's positive impact on magnetic properties. These findings emphasize the potential of tailored NiFe2O4 nanoparticles for applications in magnetic data storage, targeted drug delivery, and bioimaging, driven by modifications in their magnetic and photoluminescence characteristics through thermal treatment.
Ta doping effect on microstructure and microwave dielectric properties of CoNb2O6‐based ceramics and mechanism study
Authors: Jia Wenxiao , Huang Zipeng , Li Lingxia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAs communication technology continues to evolve, 5G technology is becoming more mature, and 6G technology is steadily advancing. Microwave equipment is moving toward high frequency, miniaturization, low loss and high temperature stability, and microwave dielectric ceramics have been deeply applied in this field. To elevate the Q × f value of CoNb2O6 system, Ta5+ was introduced into CoNb2O6, and CoNb2‐xTaxO6 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8) ceramics were prepared by the traditional solid‐phase method. By X‐ray diffraction, it was observed that at x = 0.8, in addition to a single niobium ferrite phase, information of tantalate phase also appeared. Raman spectral detection and group theory analysis indicate that Ag(2) and Ag(3) modes are the dominant Raman vibrations at ≈873 cm−1. Furthermore, the polarization rate affects the εr value, and the bond energy of Nb/Ta‐O and the recovery force characterized by the average deformation of the [Nb/TaO6] octahedron are the key elements influencing the temperature coefficient of the resonance frequency (τf). The internal strain, ordered induced size, and chemical bonding valence of ionic valence states are the key factors that can increase the Q × f value. Moreover, the introduction of ions with lower electronegativity leads to an enhanced electronic compensation of oxygen vacancies, which also reduces the dielectric loss. This paper enriches the theory related to low dielectric loss and shows that CoNb1.8Ta0.2O6 (εr = 21.4832, Q × f = 100723 GHz, τf = ‐61.38 ppm/°C) ceramics with superior microwave dielectric properties are expected to be used in wireless communication devices.
Multiscale study on the properties and crack propagation of 2D woven SiCf/SiC with pores using elastoplastic phase field
Authors: Gao Jin , He Xiaodong , Fan Haolong , Song Guangping , Zou Xiaocan , Zheng Yongting , Bai Yuelei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo understand the effect of processing and prefabricated pores on 2D woven SiCf/SiC composites (2DW‐SiCf/SiC), their crack propagation and mechanical response under tension load at meso‐ and macro‐ scale are investigated by a promising elastoplastic phase field method (EPPFM). Of much interest, the computational results are well consistent with the available experimental results, verifying the reliability of EPPFM. A significant dependence on pores is observed in the relationship between the strength, Young's modulus, work of fracture of 2DW‐SiCf/SiC and porosity when pores exist solely in the matrix out of yarns, and both in the matrix and yarns, respectively. Moreover, the more dangerous processing pores at mesoscale near yarn are attributed to the inconsistent deformation of the yarn and matrix. Finally, the EPPFM is used for the effect of geometry size on the joint failure mode of 2DW‐SiCf/SiC plate with prefabricated open holes under pin‐loading. Of importance, the more safe bearing failure mode occurs in 2DW‐SiCf/SiC plate when edge distance‐to‐hole diameter ratio and width‐to‐hole diameter ratio are greater than 1.5 and 3, respectively.
High‐temperature behavior and self‐enhancing mechanisms of oxide‐bonded SiC porous ceramics
Authors: Zhou Guangyu , Zou Dong , Gao Yuanhui , He Wentai , Wei Wei , Han Feng , Peng Wenbo , Zhong Zhaoxiang , Xing Weihong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOxide‐bonded SiC porous ceramics (SCPCs), synthesized via reaction bonding, exhibit significant potential for high‐temperature applications. However, incorporating sintering aids inevitably results in a considerable quantity of amorphous glass phase within SCPCs, thereby introducing risks to their high‐temperature mechanical performance. In this study, we employ in‐situ characterization techniques to investigate the high‐temperature behavior of SCPCs. Our findings reveal that SCPCs demonstrate remarkable high‐temperature self‐enhancing properties, with a critical bending strength at 800°C. Beyond this temperature, the strength declines sharply. Intriguingly, the critical bending strength is 36.6% greater than at ambient temperature. Moreover, elevated temperatures enhance the elastic modulus and promote the transition of SCPCs from multilinear to nonelastic fracture. The neck phase, which imparts strength to the SCPCs, is composed of four distinct layers along the depth direction: silicate glass, oxygen‐containing, silicon‐rich, and SiC region, as revealed by FIB‐TEM. The transformation from α to β‐cristobalite in the oxygen‐containing region improves the thermal expansion match with SiC, thereby mitigating local stress concentration. Furthermore, the compressive stress within the neck region intensifies with increasing temperatures, thereby inhibiting crack propagation. This work provides a basis for the high‐temperature applications of SCPCs.