bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Support aspects of tunnels in fault zones
Authors: Schubert Wulf , Blümel Manfred , Staudacher Robert , Brunnegger Stefan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSpecial considerations are required for the support of tunnels in fault zones. On the one hand, standard support elements are not compatible with the imposed displacements. On the other hand, local shearing can cause damage to the lining already at rather small displacements magnitudes. Cracks in the lining frequently are observed, when the geometry of the tunnel changes, or at the intersection with cross passages. As strengthening of the lining in many cases cannot prevent damage, temporarily leaving an open gap in the primary lining. Implementing yielding elements into the lining is as well feasible, as economical increasingly replaces the traditional method of leaving open gaps. This results in a better utilization of the lining's capacity and a considerable reduction of displacements. As the lining with integrated yielding elements develops considerable thrust, a transfer of the loads via the construction joints is required. Thus, careful construction of those joints is essential. Another problem can be the bond between bolt, grout, and rock mass, as the bolts are installed, when the displacement rate is highest, and the strength of the grout still low. This paper deals only with phenomena caused by discontinuities and large displacements, and does not address other hazards, like flowing ground.
Checking the system behaviour using a numerical model
Authors: Brandtner Markus , Lenz Gerold 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe Semmering Base Tunnel with a total length of approx. 27 km is being driven through a complex system of fault zones. During the investigation period, technically demanding site investigations were carried out to obtain information on geological and hydrological conditions including the determination of the strength and stiffness of the faulted zones. The results formed the basis for the geotechnical design, performed according to the Guideline for the Geotechnical Design of Underground Structures with Conventional Excavation published by the Austrian Society for Geomechanics. According to the regulations, the system behaviour must already be tested against the designed support measures during the design stage. In this case the behaviour was assessed using a complex 3D Finite Element model. The expected and therefore predicted system behaviour represents the baseline for the observational method.
Interpretation of above‐zone pressure influence time to characterize CO2 leakage
Authors: Zeidouni Mehdi , Tran Nam H. , Munawar Muhammad D. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPressure transient analysis has long been used to characterize underground geological formations. Pressure is monitored for evaluating the containment of injected CO2 in the target formations in CO2 geological storage. Pressure interference testing in a permeable zone overlying the storage zone can determine migration of CO2 from the target reservoir. This study focuses on interpretation of interference tests in the above‐zone to obtain information on the plume size from pressure influence time. We define a conceptual model with idealization of the CO2 leakage scenario into a 3‐region linear composite system. For each region of this system, the governing pressure diffusivity equations and corresponding initial and boundary conditions are presented. An analytical solution is derived by sequentially transforming the equation system into Laplace and Fourier domains. The analytical solution is verified by comparing to numerical simulation results and a limiting analytical solution. Next, the ability of the analytical solution to predict the pressure influence time for an interference test is evaluated. It is shown that the pressure influence time is independent of the plume shape and depends only on the plume size on the line connecting the two interference test wells. This suggests that the measured pressure influence time can be inverted using our analytical solution to obtain the leaked plume size. The influence time is used for an example field application to obtain the plume volume percentage. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accuracy of on‐site tests to detect anemia during prenatal care
Authors: Sobhy Soha , Rogozinska Ewelina , Khan Khalid S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundAnemia is a substantial contributor to poor pregnancy outcomes in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Access to laboratory facilities is limited; therefore, on‐site testing warrants attention.ObjectivesTo determine the accuracy of on‐site tests to detect anemia in pregnancy.Search strategyMEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched from inception until March 2016, with no language restrictions, using the terms “pregnancy,” “an(a)emia,” and “h(a)emoglobin.”Selection criteriaStudies that evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of on‐site hemoglobin tests versus laboratory‐based reference tests during pregnancy were included.Data collection and analysisStudy characteristics and true positive, true negative, false positive, and false negative rates were extracted. Sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, and post‐test probabilities were calculated. Anemia was defined as a hemoglobin level of less than 110 g/L.Main resultsTen studies (4239 participants) were assessed. Copper sulfate provided 97% sensitivity (95% confidence interval [CI] 88%–100%) and 71% specificity (95% CI 55%–85%); the Sahli method provided 86% sensitivity (95% CI 75%–94%) and 83% specificity (95% CI 68%–93%); and HemoCue provided 85% sensitivity (95% CI 79%–90%) and 80% specificity (95% CI 76%–83%).ConclusionsSome on‐site tests are accurate and should be made widely available to improve detection of anemia in pregnancy.
Development of a high‐performance liquid chromatography procedure to identify known and detect novel C‐13 oligosaccharide moieties in diterpene glycosides from Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni (Asteraceae): Structure elucidation of rebaudiosides V and W
Authors: Perera Wilmer H. , Ghiviriga Ion , Rodenburg Douglas L. , Carvalho Raquel , Alves Kamilla , McChesney James D. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAs an aid for structure elucidation of new steviol glycosides, reversed‐phase C18 high‐performance liquid chromatography method was developed with several previously characterized diterpene glycosides, to identify known and detect novel aglycone‐C13 oligosaccharide moieties and indirectly identify C‐19 interlinkages. Elution order of several diterpene glycosides and their aglycone‐C13 oligosaccharide substituted with different sugar arrangements were also summarized. Comparison of the retention time of a product obtained after alkaline hydrolysis with the aglycone‐C‐13 portions of known compounds reported herein allowed us to deduce the exact positions of the sugars in the C‐13 oligosaccharide portion. The elution position of several steviol glycosides with an ent‐kaurene skeleton was helpful to describe an identification key. Two previously uncharacterized diterpene glycosides together with two known compounds were isolated from a commercial Stevia rebaudiana leaf extract. One was found to be 13‐[(2‐O‐β‐d‐xylopyranosyl‐3‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranosyl‐β‐d‐glucopyranosyl)oxy]ent‐kaur‐16‐en‐19‐oic acid‐(2‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranosyl‐β‐d‐glucopyranosyl) ester (rebaudioside V), whereas the other was determined to be 13‐[(2‐O‐β‐d‐xylopyranosyl‐3‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranosyl‐β‐d‐glucopyranosyl)oxy]ent‐kaur‐16‐en‐19‐oic acid‐(2‐O‐α‐l‐rhamnopyranosyl‐3‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranosyl‐β‐d‐glucopyranosyl) ester (rebaudioside W). Previously reported compounds were isolated in gram quantities and identified as rebaudioside J and rebaudioside H. In addition, a C‐19 sugar‐free derivative was also prepared from rebaudioside H to afford rebaudioside H1. Chemical structures were partially determined by the high‐performance liquid chromatography method and unambiguously characterized by using one‐dimensional and two‐dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance experiments.
Photon Correlations from the Mollow Triplet
Authors: López Carreño Juan Camilo , del Valle Elena , Laussy Fabrice P. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPhoton correlations between the photoluminescence peaks of the Mollow triplet have been known for a long time, and recently hailed as a resource for heralded single‐photon sources. Here, we provide the full picture of photon‐correlations at all orders (we deal explicitly with up to four photons) and with no restriction to the peculiar frequency windows that enclose the peaks. We show that a rich multi‐photon physics lies between the peaks, due to transitions involving virtual photons, and thereby much more strongly correlated than those transiting through the real states. Specifically, we show that such emissions occur in bundles of photons rather than as successive, albeit correlated, photons. We provide the recipe to frequency‐filter the emission of the Mollow triplet to turn it into a versatile and tunable photon source, allowing in principle all scenarios of photon emission, with advantages already at the one‐photon level, i.e., providing more strongly correlated heralded single‐photon sources than those already known.
Metabolites and microbial composition of stool of women with fecal incontinence: Study design and methods
Authors: Arya Lily A. , Richter Holly E. , Jelovsek Eric , Gantz Marie , Cichowski Sara , Zyczynski Halina , Dyer Keisha , Siddiqui Nazema , Carberry Cassandra , Broeckling Corey , Morrow Casey , Kashyap Purna , Meikle Susie 
Published: August 2017

AimsThis paper aims to report the rationale, design, and the specific methodology of an ongoing nested observational study that will determine the association of the metabolite and microbial composition of stool with fecal incontinence (FI).MethodsEligible cases are participants with FI enrolled in the Controlling Anal Incontinence in women by Performing Anal Exercises with Biofeedback or Loperamide (CAPABLe) trial, a Pelvic Floor Disorders Network trial across eight clinical centers in the United States. Women of similar age without FI in the last year served as controls. All subject collected stool samples at the baseline and 24‐week visit at home using a standardized collection method. Samples were shipped to and stored at centralized laboratories.ResultsSpecimen collection commenced December 2014 and was completed in May 2016. Fecal water and DNA has been extracted and is currently being analyzed by targeted metabolic profiling for stool metabolites and 16S rRNA gene sequencing for stool microbiota.ConclusionsThis article describes the rationale and design of a study that could provide a paradigm shift for the treatment of FI in women.
The Effect of Nonnutritive Sweeteners Added to a Liquid Diet on Volume and Caloric Intake and Weight Gain in Rats
Authors: Bissonnette David J. , List Samantha , Knoblich Penny , Hadley M. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveLong‐term effects of diet beverage consumption on the regulation of caloric intake is unclear. The goal of this study was to investigate whether the chronic intake of a liquid diet with nonnutritive sweeteners (NNS) would lead to greater appetite and weight gain.MethodsWistar rats were fed a liquid diet (Osmolite) sweetened with nutritive sweetener (NS; sucrose) and NNS (stevia and saccharin) or a nonsweetened control. Intakes and weight gain were measured. Phases 1 and 2 investigated sweetness preference, phase 3 used diets with or without sweeteners, and phase 4 measured the effect on volume of food and caloric intake of alternating between NNS, NS, and control diets.ResultsIn phase 1, rats preferred: stevia, 0.10%; saccharin, 0.20%; and sucrose, 15%. In phase 2, rats preferred the sweetened diet over the control. In phase 3, rats fed the NS diet consumed less volume and more calories but gained less weight. In phase 4, when altering diet from NNS to NS, no differences were observed in appetite or weight gain.ConclusionsUsing sucrose‐sweetened diet as a control, increased weight gain with the ingestion of NNS was observed. However, using a nonsweetened control, neither increased caloric intake nor weight gain occurred with NNS intake. Alternating diets between NNS, NS, and control did not affect the appetite.
An MPC‐based position controller for a tilt‐rotor tricopter VTOL UAV
Authors: Prach Anna , Kayacan Erdal 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThis study presents a novel framework, namely, the fusion of a conventional controller and a linear model predictive controller, for the position control of a tilt‐rotor tricopter. While the conventional controller in the outer loop is responsible for the position control, the inner‐loop model predictive control–based controller handles the angular dynamics and vertical body velocity. Furthermore, a novel control allocation algorithm for the proposed controller is introduced. In addition, this study also covers mathematical modeling and trim analysis of the tilt‐rotor tricopter dynamics. An evaluation of the designed control system is accomplished with a nonlinear 6‐degree‐of‐freedom simulation model of the tilt‐rotor tricopter in which realistic actuator limitations are considered. The efficiency of the proposed control algorithm is elaborated for a trajectory tracking problem where basic surveillance operation is considered. The simulation results show that the proposed model predictive controller is able to provide a satisfactory trajectory tracking performance under the realistic actuator limits.
The Effects of Prenatal Iron Deficiency and Risperidone Treatment on the Rat Frontal Cortex:  A Proteomic Analysis
Authors: Farrelly Lorna , Rosato‐Siri Maria Victoria , Föcking Melanie , Codagnone Martin , Reines Analia , Dicker Patrick , Wynne Kieran , Farrell Michael , Cannon Mary , Cagney Gerard , Pasquini Juana Maria , Cotter David R. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPrenatal iron deficiency (pID) has been described to increase the risk for neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and schizophrenia; however, the precise molecular mechanisms are still unknown. Here, we utilized high‐throughput MS to examine the proteomic effects of pID in adulthood on the rat frontal cortex area (FCA). In addition, the FCA proteome was examined in adulthood following risperidone treatment in adolescence to see if these effects could be prevented. We identified 1501 proteins of which 100 were significantly differentially expressed in the FCA at postnatal day 90. Pathway analysis of proteins affected by pID revealed changes in metabolic processes, including the tricyclic acid cycle, mitochondrial dysfunction, and P13K/Akt signaling. Interestingly, most of these protein changes were not present in the adult pID offspring who received risperidone in adolescence. Considering the link between pID and several neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and schizophrenia these presented results bring new perspectives to understand the role of iron in metabolic pathways and provide novel biomarkers for future studies of pID.
Physical activity and exercise self‐regulation in cancer survivors: A qualitative study
Authors: Tsai Edward , Robertson Michael C. , Lyons Elizabeth J. , Swartz Maria C. , Basen‐Engquist Karen 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveDespite the benefits of physical activity, many cancer survivors do not adhere to clinically recommended levels. This qualitative study investigated factors of self‐regulation contributing to survivor physical activity patterns.MethodsParticipants attended focus groups with prompts on exercise habits and self‐regulation on the basis of social cognitive theory, self‐determination theory, and self‐regulation theory. Content analysis with a priori codes was conducted to identify emergent themes.ResultsParticipants (n = 35) were predominately older (63.7 y ± 10.8), female (69%), white (71%), and breast cancer (60%) survivors, with 41% not meeting activity guidelines. Emergent themes included exercise goal development, selection, and attainment; exercise planning; and self‐reward. Participants tended to develop values‐based, general goals rather than action‐based, measurable goals. Goal attainment success emerged as a facilitator of future goal performance; completing a current goal facilitated subsequent goal attainment, while failure hindered future goal completion. Rather than having deliberate intentions to schedule exercise, participants exercised if expedient in the context of normal daily activities. Food consumption emerged as a major mechanism for self‐reward.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that values‐based goals, unplanned activity, influence from previous goal attempts, and self‐reward were important factors related to self‐regulation. Interventions designed to improve self‐regulation may consider facilitating development of autonomous, value‐based goals, assisting in development of strategies for future goals if current goals are not met, endorsing exercise as a scheduled activity, and introducing healthy self‐reward alternatives.
Epigenetic risk score improves prostate cancer risk assessment
Authors: Van Neste Leander , Groskopf Jack , Grizzle William E. , Adams George W. , DeGuenther Mark S. , Kolettis Peter N. , Bryant James E. , Kearney Gary P. , Kearney Michael C. , Van Criekinge Wim , Gaston Sandra M. 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundEarly detection of aggressive prostate cancer (PCa) remains crucial for effective treatment of patients. However, PCa screening remains controversial due to a high rate of overdiagnosis and overtreatment. To better reconcile both objectives, more effective methods for assessing disease severity at the time of diagnosis are needed.MethodsThe relationship between DNA‐methylation and high‐grade PCa was examined in a cohort of 102 prospectively enrolled men who received standard 12‐core prostate biopsies. EpiScore, an algorithm that quantifies the relative DNA methylation intensities of GSTP1, RASSF1, and APC in prostate biopsy tissue, was evaluated as a method to compensate for biopsy under‐sampling and improve risk stratification at the time of diagnosis.ResultsDNA‐methylation intensities of GSTP1, RASSF1, and APC were higher in biopsy cores from men diagnosed with GS ≥ 7 cancer compared to men with diagnosed GS 6 disease. This was confirmed by EpiScore, which was significantly higher for subjects with high‐grade biopsies and higher NCCN risk categories (both P < 0.001). In patients diagnosed with GS ≥ 7, increased levels of DNA‐methylation were present, not only in the high‐grade biopsy cores, but also in other cores with no or low‐grade disease (P < 0.001). By combining EpiScore with traditional clinical risk factors into a logistic regression model, the prediction of high GS reached an AUC of 0.82 (95%CI: 0.73‐0.91) with EpiScore, DRE, and atypical histological findings as most important contributors.ConclusionsIn men diagnosed with PCa, DNA‐methylation profiling can detect under‐sampled high‐risk PCa in prostate biopsy specimens through a field effect. Predictive accuracy increased when EpiScore was combined with other clinical risk factors. These results suggest that EpiScore could aid in the detection of occult high‐grade disease at the time of diagnosis, thereby improving the selection of candidates for Active Surveillance.
Quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) directed the discovery of 3‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)benzenesulfonamide derivatives as novel herbicidal agents
Authors: Xie Yong , Peng Wei , Ding Fei , Liu Shu‐Jie , Ma Hong‐Juan , Liu Chang‐Ling 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDAgrochemicals have been crucial to the production of food, and the need for the development of novel agrochemicals continues unceasing owing to the loss of existing produces via the growth of resistance and the desire for products with more propitious environmental and toxicological patterns.RESULTSThe results of both CoMFA and CoMSIA models indicated that biological activity can effectively be improved through the structural optimisation and molecular design of these synthetic compounds from the aspects of steric, electrostatic, hydrophobic, hydrogen bond donor and acceptor fields. Data of postemergence herbicidal activity in the greenhouse explained that most new 3‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)benzenesulfonamide derivatives (4c–4 t) could control highly effectively against barnyardgrass, foxtail, vetleaf, and youth and old age (herbicidal activity ≥90%); for example, compounds 4q–4 t exhibit excellent biological activity equivalent/superior to commercial saflufenacil/sulcotrione at the low concentration of 37.5 g a.i./ha, and in particular, the herbicidal activity of compound 4 t for four experimental plant species is found to be notably greater than saflufenacil (3.75 g a.i./ha). Meanwhile, compound 4 t also has good crop selectivity for weed control in maize.CONCLUSIONThe novel compounds such as 4 t have remarkable biological activity after the structural optimisation utilising the constructed 3D‐QSAR models, i.e. such QSAR models have great accuracy. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Adaptive tracking control of MIMO nonlinear nonminimum phase system with unknown input nonlinearity
Authors: Hu Xiaoxiang , Wu Ligang , Si Xiaosheng , Hu Changhua 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThis paper proposes a nonlinear adaptive control for output tracking of multi‐input multi‐output nonlinear nonminimum phase system with input nonlinearity. The parameters of the input nonlinearity are assumed to be unknown. This problem is challenging, not only because of the unstable internal dynamics of nonminimum phase system, but also the existence of the unknown input nonlinearity. The partially linearized model of the original system is obtained through input/output linearization, and a states tracking model is constructed based on the computed ideal internal dynamics. A nonlinear adaptive controller, which can guarantee the bounded of output tracking error in the existence of unknown input nonlinearity, is proposed. Finally, a numerical simulation on vertical takeoff and landing aircraft is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed control methods.
A Domino Approach for the Synthesis of α‐Iodo‐β‐dicarbonyl Compounds from α‐Epoxycarbonyls
Authors: Mahato Sachinta , Chatterjee Rana , Santra Sougata , Zyryanov Grigory V. , Hajra Alakananda , Majee Adinath 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA series of α‐iodo‐β‐dicarbonyl compounds have been synthesized from α‐epoxycarbonyl compounds through a consecutive reaction by ring opening of epoxide followed by the oxidation in presence of NH2OH⋅HCl and NaIO4. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time report for the use of α‐epoxycarbonyls as a key starting material for the synthesis of α‐iodo‐β‐dicarbonyl compounds. Various functional groups are well tolerated under the present reaction conditions. The epoxy carbonyl compound containing alkyl part is also effective for this conversion. The reactions were carried out in open atmosphere and are not sensitive to air and moisture. All of the synthesized compounds have been characterized by spectral and analytical data. The potential synthetic applicability of this method was investigated on a gram scale using the model reaction. The advantages of the present method are operational simplicity, short reaction time, general applicability, good tolerance to scale‐up synthesis, as well as readily available reagents. A plausible mechanism has been proposed on the basis of an intermediate isolated from the reaction mixture.