bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agrarian policies in Nicaragua: From revolution to the revival of agro‐exports, 1979–2015
Authors: Martí i Puig Salvador , Baumeister Eduardo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we question whether the attainment by the FSLN of power in 2007 represented any changes with respect to the neoliberal agenda implemented since 1990. In order to address this, the paper is divided into three main sections. In the first section, we analyse the transformation of agriculture under the Sandinista Revolution (1979–1990) to establish what the agricultural policies of the early FSLN had been. In the second section, we present the policies that have been implemented since 1990 to privatize land, commercial, and banking activities, and the new role of agricultural producers' and wage workers' organizations, which have remained unchanged until now despite the return of the FSLN to power. In the third section, we describe the social policies implemented by the administration of Daniel Ortega and the changes made to the productive model. Finally, in the conclusions, we explain why the policies implemented since the new Sandinista government have been so similar to the model developed between 1990 and 2007, and highlight the most significant changes that have been introduced since 2007.
Registered nurses’ perception of self‐efficacy and competence in smoking cessation after participating in a web‐based learning activity
Authors: Rosvall Annica , Carlson Elisabeth 
Published: March 2017

Aims and objectivesTo describe how registered nurses having undergone a web‐based learning activity perceive their self‐efficacy and competence to support patients with smoking cessation in connection with surgery.BackgroundSmoking cessation in connection with surgery reduces postoperative complications, and the support patients get from registered nurses may be important in helping them become smoke‐free in connection with their surgery. Therefore, registered nurses are in need of enhanced understanding about which kind of counselling is the most effective for smoking cessation. Educating large groups of registered nurses in a digital environment appears to be a flexible and cost‐effective way.Design and methodsA convergent mixed‐method design with data collection was done using questionnaires (n = 47) and semistructured interviews (n = 11). Inclusion criteria were registered nurses in surgical wards. The samples were nonprobability and modified nested. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were used for data analysis.ResultsAfter completing the web‐based learning activity, the registered nurses perception was that of good self‐efficacy and increased competence in supporting patients with smoking cessation in connection with surgery. They improved their understanding of how to talk about smoking cessation with patients in dialogue using open‐ended questions. Nevertheless, the registered nurses requested opportunities for dialogue and interaction with colleagues or topic experts.ConclusionsThe results indicate that registered nurses can enhance their competence in supporting patients to embrace smoking cessation by learning in a digital environment. Self‐efficacy and understanding of the topic seems to motivate registered nurses to counsel patients about smoking cessation.Relevance to clinical practiceFindings from this study will be of particular interest to educators in healthcare settings who can devise further development of web‐based learning activities.
cpsA regulates mycotoxin production, morphogenesis and cell wall biosynthesis in the fungus Aspergillus nidulans
Authors: Feng Xuehuan , Ramamoorthy Vellaisamy , Pandit Sandesh S. , Prieto Alicia , Espeso Eduardo A. , Calvo Ana M. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThe model fungus Aspergillus nidulans synthesizes numerous secondary metabolites, including sterigmatocystin (ST). The production of this toxin is positively controlled by the global regulator veA. In the absence of veA (ΔveA), ST biosynthesis is blocked. Previously, we performed random mutagenesis in a ΔveA strain and identified revertant mutants able to synthesize ST, among them RM1. Complementation of RM1 with a genomic library revealed that the mutation occurred in a gene designated as cpsA. While in the ΔveA genetic background cpsA deletion restores ST production, in a veA wild‐type background absence of cpsA reduces and delays ST biosynthesis decreasing the expression of ST genes. Furthermore, cpsA is also necessary for the production of other secondary metabolites, including penicillin, affecting the expression of PN genes. In addition, cpsA is necessary for normal asexual and sexual development. Chemical and microscopy analyses revealed that CpsA is found in cytoplasmic vesicles and it is required for normal cell wall composition and integrity, affecting adhesion capacity and oxidative stress sensitivity. The conservation of cpsA in Ascomycetes suggests that cpsA homologs might have similar roles in other fungal species.
Asystole during pacemaker magnet application
Authors: Ip James E. , Liu Todd J. , Chen Carol L. , Lerman Bruce B. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPacemaker magnet application during surgery for patients who are pacemaker‐dependent is often utilized to avoid perioperative inhibition from electromagnetic interference. We present a case during which such routine magnet use resulted in an unexpected response and discuss the limitations and nuances of this common practice.
Relationship Between Using Clinical Practice Guidelines for Pain Treatment and Physicians' Training and Attitudes Toward Patients and the Effects on Patient Care
Authors: Dueñas María , Salazar Alejandro , Sánchez Modesto , De Sola Helena , Ojeda Begoña , Failde Inmaculada 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimsTo determine the use of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for chronic pain (CP) management; analyze the effects of training in pain and the attitudes of physicians toward pain and CP patients on the adherence to these CPGs; and assess the impact of adherence to CPGs on patient care.MethodThis was a cross‐sectional study in a sample of physicians involved in CP patient management. Information on the use of CPGs for CP management, their training in pain, and their attitudes toward pain, patients, and patient care was collected. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed, and a multinomial logistic regression model was constructed to analyze factors associated with the use of CPGs.ResultsOf the 257 physicians surveyed, 46.6% were physiatrists, 26.7% were general practitioners, and 26.7% were medical oncologists. Although 96.5% claimed to have received training in pain, only 10.1% had received college training, and 76.3% expressed having gaps in their knowledge; 53.9% stated they applied CPGs often/always, and 12.5% rarely/never. Limited knowledge on pain, reduced involvement in training activities, more negative attitudes toward patients, and having experienced CP were the factors related to reduced adherence to CPGs, especially among the youngest respondents. The greater the use of CPGs, the better the patient care was.ConclusionsAccess to scientific information and specialized training are factors related to the use of CPGs for pain treatment. Therefore, the inclusion of CP training in university and during medical specialty training will be essential measures to improve adherence to CPG, thereby improving patient care and pain control.
Interaction and developmental activation of two neuroendocrine systems that regulate light‐mediated skin pigmentation
Authors: Bertolesi Gabriel E. , Song Yi N. , Atkinson‐Leadbeater Karen , Yang Jung‐Lynn J. , McFarlane Sarah 
Published: March 2017

SummaryLower vertebrates use rapid light‐regulated changes in skin colour for camouflage (background adaptation) or during circadian variation in irradiance levels. Two neuroendocrine systems, the eye/alpha‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone (α‐MSH) and the pineal complex/melatonin circuits, regulate the process through their respective dispersion and aggregation of pigment granules (melanosomes) in skin melanophores. During development, Xenopus laevis tadpoles raised on a black background or in the dark perceive less light sensed by the eye and darken in response to increased α‐MSH secretion. As embryogenesis proceeds, the pineal complex/melatonin circuit becomes the dominant regulator in the dark and induces lightening of the skin of larvae. The eye/α‐MSH circuit continues to mediate darkening of embryos on a black background, but we propose the circuit is shut down in complete darkness in part by melatonin acting on receptors expressed by pituitary cells to inhibit the expression of pomc, the precursor of α‐MSH.
Infection rates in tacrolimus versus cyclosporine‐treated pediatric kidney transplant recipients on a rapid discontinuation of prednisone protocol: 1‐year analysis
Authors: Kizilbash Sarah J. , Rheault Michelle N. , Bangdiwala Ananta , Matas Arthur , Chinnakotla Srinath , Chavers Blanche M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAR is lower in pKTx recipients on Tac vs CsA. Data comparing infection outcomes for children treated with these agents are limited. We retrospectively studied infection outcomes in 96 pKTx recipients on a RDP. PS, DCGS, AR, and infection‐free survival were assessed using Kaplan‐Meier/log‐rank tests and proportional hazards models. There were no differences in 1‐year PS, DCGS, or AR between Tac and CsA recipients. After adjusting for AR, the hazard of CMV viremia was 4.0 times higher (95%CI: 1.04, 15.5; P = .044) and that of BK viremia was 3.8 times higher (95%CI: 1.5, 10.2; P = .007) in Tac recipients. The incidence of EBV viremia was similar between the groups (P = .56). PostTx lymphoproliferative disease was only observed in Tac recipients (3%). There was no difference in the incidence of pneumonia, urinary tract, or Clostridium difficile infections between Tac and CsA recipients. Among KTx recipients on RDP, the hazards of CMV and BK viremia within 1 year post‐KTx were significantly higher in Tac recipients compared to CsA. Regular assessment for infections and lower Tac trough levels may be warranted in Tac recipients.
Impact of post‐transplant minimal residual disease on the clinical outcome of pediatric acute leukemia
Authors: Umeda Katsutsugu , Iwai Atsushi , Kawaguchi Koji , Mikami Masamitsu , Nodomi Seishiro , Saida Satoshi , Hiramatsu Hidefumi , Heike Toshio , Ohmori Katsuyuki , Adachi Souichi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis retrospective study examined the clinical significance of FCM‐MRD in 36 patients with ALL and 29 patients with AML after their first allogeneic HSCT. Hematological (FCM‐MRD ≥5.0%) and molecular relapse (FCM‐MRD <5.0%) were first detected in 10 and two patients with ALL and in seven and eight patients with AML, respectively. Eight of 10 patients with molecular relapse eventually progressed to hematological relapse, although most were treated with immunological intervention by aggressive discontinuation of immunosuppressive therapy or donor lymphocyte infusion. Among these 12 patients, four of seven patients that obtained MRDneg CR following post‐transplant chemotherapy remain alive and disease‐free after their second HSCT; however, all five patients who underwent a second HSCT in non‐CR died of disease or treatment‐related complications. As the FCM‐MRD monitoring system used in the current study was probably not sensitive enough to detect MRD, which could be elucidated by immunological intervention, more sensitive diagnostic tools are mandatory for post‐transplant MRD monitoring. Additional studies are required to address the impact of presecond transplant MRD on the clinical outcome of second HSCT.
Disorder of sex development in a cat with chromosome mosaicism 37,X/38,X,r(Y)
Authors: Szczerbal I , Stachowiak M , Nowacka‐Woszuk J , Dzimira S , Szczepanska K , Switonski M 
Published: March 2017

ContentsAn 18‐month‐old European shorthair cat was subjected to genetic studies due to ambiguous external genitalia (underdeveloped both penis and scrotum). Further anatomic and histopathological studies revealed the presence of abdominal, atrophic testes and uterus. Cytogenetic analysis showed two cell lines, one with X monosomy—37,X [90% of the analysed metaphase spreads], and other line had 38 chromosomes with normal X chromosome and abnormally small Y‐derived chromosome—38,X,der(Y) [10%]. Further fluorescence in situ hybridization study with telomeric probe revealed a ring structure of the der(Y). Eight Y chromosome‐specific genes, SRY, TETY1, TETY2, CUL4BY, CYORF15, HSFY, FLJ36031Y and ZFY, were detected. We conclude that the described abnormality of the reproductive system, leading to sterility, was caused by a very rare type of chromosomal mosaicism—37,X/38,X,r(Y).
Determinants of annual change in physical activity in COPD
Authors: Clarenbach Christian F. , Sievi Noriane A. , Haile Sarah R. , Brack Thomas , Brutsche Martin H. , Frey Martin , Irani Sarosh , Leuppi Jörg D. , Thurnheer Robert , Kohler Malcolm 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
Background and objectiveDaily physical activity (PA) is reduced in patients with COPD. Previous cross‐sectional analyses indicate various predictors for a low level of PA including airway obstruction, exacerbations and co‐morbidities. However, information from longitudinal studies evaluating PA in the context of disease progression, survival and co‐morbidities is scant.MethodsIn a heterogeneous cohort of COPD patients, we annually assessed the number of steps per day over 1 week and potential determinants including lung function, exacerbations and co‐morbidities. Univariable and multivariable mixed effect models were used to investigate associations between the change in steps per day (dependent variable) and possible predictors and their annual changes.ResultsA total of 177 COPD patients (46% GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) stage 1/2, 38% stage 3 and 16% stage 4) with a mean (min/max) follow‐up time of 2.7 (1/5) years were annually assessed. The number of steps per day decreased significantly over time (P < 0.001) with a mean annual change of −508 steps. The decrease in activity was significantly associated with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1
) % predicted (P = 0.020) but not with annual changes in FEV1
. Hyperinflation, exacerbations, co‐morbidities and their annual changes, and survival did not significantly affect change in PA.Conclusion
COPD patients have a substantial decrease of PA over time. This decrease seems to be determined by the degree of airflow limitation. However, patients with a greater annual decline in lung function did not show a greater decrease in PA. The rate of decline in PA did not differ between survivors and non‐survivors in this cohort.
Employment expectations and uncertainties ahead of the new German minimum wage
Authors: Bossler Mario 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis article analyzes announcement effects of the new statutory minimum wage on employment expectations and uncertainties in Germany. Using a difference‐in‐differences approach applied to the IAB Establishment Panel, employers affected by the minimum wage show an increased employment uncertainty and a 0.9% points drop in their expected employment growth. Using the same identification strategy with data from 2015, the treatment effect on actual employment growth of affected employers matches the employers' expectation. Hence, an analysis of employer expectations seems to be promising to detect employment effects of policy changes before they come into force.
Draft Genome Sequences of Three Cellulolytic Bacillus licheniformis Strains Isolated from Imperial Geyser, Amphitheater Springs, and Whiterock Springs inside Yellowstone National Park
Authors: O' Hair Joshua A. , Li Hui , Thapa Santosh , Scholz Matthew , Zhou Suping 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Novel cellulolytic microorganisms are becoming more important for rapidly growing biofuel industries. This paper reports the draft genome sequences of
Bacillus licheniformis
strains YNP2-TSU, YNP3-TSU, and YNP5-TSU. These cellulolytic isolates were collected from several hydrothermal features inside Yellowstone National Park.
Whole-Genome Sequence and Fosfomycin Resistance of
Bacillus
sp. Strain G3(2015) Isolated from Seawater off the Coast of Malaysia
Authors: Chan Xin-Yue , Chen Jian-Woon , Adrian Tan-Guan-Sheng , Hong Kar-Wai , Chang Chien-Yi , Yin Wai-Fong , Chan Kok-Gan 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Bacillus
sp. is a Gram-positive bacterium that is commonly found in seawater. In this study, the genome of marine
Bacillus
sp. strain G3(2015) was sequenced using MiSeq. The fosfomycin resistant gene
fosB
was identified upon bacterial genome annotation.
Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus pumilus Strain GM3FR, an Endophyte Isolated from Aerial Plant Tissues of Festuca rubra L
Authors: Hollensteiner Jacqueline , Poehlein Anja , Daniel Rolf , Liesegang Heiko , Vidal Stefan , Wemheuer Franziska 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
Bacillus pumilus
GM3FR, an endophytic bacterium isolated from aerial plant tissues of
Festuca rubra
L. The draft genome consists of 3.5 Mb and harbors 3,551 predicted protein-encoding genes. The genome provides insights into the biocontrol potential of
B. pumilus
GM3FR.
Draft Genome Sequence of Caenibacillus caldisaponilyticus B157
T
, a Thermophilic and Phospholipase-Producing Bacterium Isolated from Acidulocompost
Authors: Tsujimoto Yoshiyuki , Saito Ryo , Sahara Takehiko , Kimura Nobutada , Tsuruoka Naoki , Shigeri Yasushi , Watanabe Kunihiko 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Caenibacillus caldisaponilyticus
B157
T
(= NBRC 111400
T
= DSM 101100
T
), in the family
Sporolactobacillaceae
, was isolated from acidulocompost as a thermophilic and phospholipid-degrading bacterium. Here, we report the 3.36-Mb draft genome sequence, with a G+C content of 51.8%, to provide the genetic information coding for phospholipases.
Key Ecological Roles for Zoosporic True Fungi in Aquatic Habitats
Authors: Gleason Frank H. , Scholz Bettina , Jephcott Thomas G. , van Ogtrop Floris F. , Henderson Linda , Lilje Osu , Kittelmann Sandra , Macarthur Deborah J. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
The diversity and abundance of zoosporic true fungi have been analyzed recently using fungal sequence libraries and advances in molecular methods, such as high-throughput sequencing. This review focuses on four evolutionary primitive true fungal phyla: the Aphelidea, Chytridiomycota, Neocallimastigomycota, and Rosellida (Cryptomycota), most species of which are not polycentric or mycelial (filamentous), rather they tend to be primarily monocentric (unicellular). Zoosporic fungi appear to be both abundant and diverse in many aquatic habitats around the world, with abundance often exceeding other fungal phyla in these habitats, and numerous novel genetic sequences identified. Zoosporic fungi are able to survive extreme conditions, such as high and extremely low pH; however, more work remains to be done. They appear to have important ecological roles as saprobes in decomposition of particulate organic substrates, pollen, plant litter, and dead animals; as parasites of zooplankton and algae; as parasites of vertebrate animals (such as frogs); and as symbionts in the digestive tracts of mammals. Some chytrids cause economically important diseases of plants and animals. They regulate sizes of phytoplankton populations. Further metagenomics surveys of aquatic ecosystems are expected to enlarge our knowledge of the diversity of true zoosporic fungi. Coupled with studies on their functional ecology, we are moving closer to unraveling the role of zoosporic fungi in carbon cycling and the impact of climate change on zoosporic fungal populations.
Public health surveillance of automated external defibrillators in the USA: protocol for the dynamic automated external defibrillator registry study
Authors: Elrod JoAnn Broeckel , Merchant Raina , Daya Mohamud , Youngquist Scott , Salcido David , Valenzuela Terence , Nichol Graham 
Published: March 2017

IntroductionLay use of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) before the arrival of emergency medical services (EMS) providers on scene increases survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). AEDs have been placed in public locations may be not ready for use when needed. We describe a protocol for AED surveillance that tracks these devices through time and space to improve public health, and survival as well as facilitate research.Methods and analysisIncluded AEDs are installed in public locations for use by laypersons to treat patients with OHCA before the arrival of EMS providers on scene. Included cases of OHCA are patients evaluated by organised EMS personnel and treated for OHCA. Enrolment of 10 000 AEDs annually will yield precision of 0.4% in the estimate of readiness for use. Enrolment of 2500 patients annually will yield precision of 1.9% in the estimate of survival to hospital discharge. Recruitment began on 21 Mar 2014 and is ongoing. AEDs are found by using multiple methods. Each AED is then tagged with a label which is a unique two-dimensional (2D) matrix code; the 2D matrix code is recorded and the location and status of the AED tracked using a smartphone; these elements are automatically passed via the internet to a secure and confidential database in real time. Whenever the 2D matrix code is rescanned for any non-clinical or clinical use of an AED, the user is queried to answer a finite set of questions about the device status. The primary outcome of any clinical use of an AED is survival to hospital discharge. Results are summarised descriptively.Ethics and disseminationThese activities are conducted under a grant of authority for public health surveillance from the Food and Drug Administration. Results are provided periodically to participating sites and sponsors to improve public health and quality of care.
Release of urinary extracellular vesicles in prostate cancer is associated with altered urinary N-glycosylation profile
Authors: Vermassen Tijl , D'Herde Katharina , Jacobus Dominique , Van Praet Charles , Poelaert Filip , Lumen Nicolaas , Callewaert Nico , Decaestecker Karel , Villeirs Geert , Hoebeke Piet , Van Belle Simon , Rottey Sylvie , Delanghe Joris 
Published: March 2017

AimNowadays, extracellular vesicles are of great interest in prostate cancer (PCa) research. Asparagine (N)-linked glycosylation could play a significant role in the pathological mechanism of these vesicles. We investigated if prostatic protein N-glycosylation profiles were related to urinary vesicle-associated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) extractability and if this parameter showed diagnostic potential for PCa.MethodsUrinary extracellular vesicles were visualised using transmission electron microscopy. Urinary extracellular vesicles extraction by means ofn-butanol allowed determination of urinary vesicle-associated PSA extractability. Diagnostic value was assessed between benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH; n=122) and patients with PCa (n=85). Additionally, correlation with urine N-glycosylation was assessed.ResultsUrinary extracellular vesicles with a diameter of approximately 100 nm were more abundantly present in urine of patients with PCa versus patients with BPH resulting in a higher vesicle-associated PSA extraction ratio (p<0.001). Next, vesicle-associated PSA extraction ratio was correlated to biantennary core-fucosylation (p=0.003). Finally, vesicle-associated PSA extraction ratio proved beneficial in PCa diagnosis, next to serum PSA and the urinary glycosylation marker (p=0.021).ConclusionsThe urinary vesicle-associated PSA extraction ratio is increased in PCa which is a direct result of the abundant presence of extracellular vesicles in urine of patients with PCa. The urinary vesicle-associated PSA extraction ratio was associated with changes in N-glycoforms and showed diagnostic potential. Further research is warranted to unravel the pathological link between N-glycosylation and extracellular vesicles in cancer, as well as to assess the prognostic value of this biomarker.