bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New combinations in Pseudognaphalium (Gnaphalieae-Asteraceae) of Mexico
Authors: Hinojosa-Espinosa Oscar , Villaseñor José Luis 
Published: November 2015

In a broad sense, Gnaphalium L. is a heterogeneous and polyphyletic genus. Pseudognaphalium Kirp. is one of the many segregated genera from Gnaphalium which have been proposed to obtain subgroups that are better defined and presumably monophyletic. Although most Mexican species of Gnaphalium s.l. have been transferred to Pseudognaphalium , the combinations so far proposed do not include a few Mexican taxa that truly belong in Pseudognaphalium. In this paper, the differences between Gnaphalium s.s. and Pseudognaphalium are briefly addressed, and the transfer of two Mexican species and three varieties from Gnaphalium to Pseudognaphalium are presented.
Chemical composition of scented extracts obtained from Calendula officinalis by three extraction methods
Authors: Salomé-Abarca Luis F. , Soto-Hernández Ramón M. , Cruz-Huerta Nicacio , González-Hernández Victor A. 
Published: November 2015

Hydrodistillation, organic solvent extraction, and enfleurage are common techniques for extracting essential oils from plant samples. One factor that influences the essential oil yield is the extraction method used. The aim of the study was to choose the best method for essential oil extraction from pot marigold flowers, based on oil yield, processing time, and number of extracted compounds, for research purposes focused on genotypic characterization. Yields of essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation, organic solvent extraction, and enfleurage were 0.9 ± 0.1, 6.7 ± 0.2 and 7.1 ± 0.15 g of oil per 100 g of dry floral material, respectively. The method that provided the highest-quality oil (without pigments) was the hydrodistillation, which also contained the highest amount of non-polar compounds, but required a long time for processing many samples. Organic solvent extraction and enfleurage are faster for processing, but their extracted oils contain pigments. The most suitable technique for processing many samples in a short period of time was enfleurage because it provided an oil yield seven-fold higher than hydrodistillation and oil with less pigments than organic solvent extraction did. In addition, oil obtained by enfleurage contained the two main compounds in pot marigold flowers, α-cadinene and δ-cadinene.
Restoration as experiment
Authors: Franklin Howe Henry , Martínez-Garza Cristina 
Published: November 2015

Large-scale ecological restoration generally employs un-replicated trial and error to create habitats destroyed or degraded by human activity. Trial and error follows a management plan that employs the “best available practice” for each habitat type; adaptive management reflecting experience subsequently corrects errors. The process is slow because each restoration is often well-advanced before adjustments are attempted. Rare are simultaneous replicated trials during the initial restoration or corrective process. “Systemic experimental restoration” would design replicated planting or management contrasts at the outset of large-scale public and commercial restorations. Alternative treatments create mosaics of different manifestations of a community within a mosaic of habitat types. Replicated contrasts within habitats allow inference of cause and effect of success and failure on scales of communities, landscapes and ecosystems. For the long-term development of restoration ecology as a science, semi-natural communities of known contrasting histories will be important to encourage managers or investigators to create additional projects beyond explicit management or scientific objectives of an initial management plan. By consciously integrating heterogeneity throughout restoration management plans, systemic mosaics of treatments within and between habitats would facilitate multiple habitat responses to unpredictable changes in climate and land use.
Integración de los graduados universitarios en el mercado profesional. Formación en competencias horizontales.
Authors: Gómez-Juncal Rocío , García Silvia , Varela Cristina 
Published: November 2015

As habilidades sociais de comunicación, por ser capacidades cognitivas que se veñen demandando cada vez con máis forza na sociedade da información actual, onde os cambios son constantes e requiren dunha adaptación aos mismos de forma fluida e versátil, son capacidades que é necesario coñecer para afondar no seu desenvolvemento, xa que as empresas cada vez as valoran máis, sendo a súa importancia tal que poden marcar a diferencia á hora de conseguir un emprego. Ante currículums similares, as habilidades sociais soen decantar a balanza hacia aqueles candidatos que destacan polas “destrezas” como a seguridade nun mesmo ou o control emocional. Por todo o anteriormente exposto, consideramos que a intervención na mellora do coñecemento das potencialidades dos recén titulados, os situará en mellor lugar na consecución dun posto de emprego adaptado ás súas necesidades, por eso axudarlles a conseguir unha presentación óptima do seu perfil profesional, conseguir que preparen o seu dossier de traballos realizados durante a súa formación universitaria, conseguindo que os presenten dun xeito que transmita seguridade ó empregador, fará que os recén titulados estean nunha posición de ventaxa frente a outros iguais que non recibiran este tipo de formación. Neste traballo de investigación preténdese comparar entre dous grupos de titulados universitarios, que se diferencian na formación en habilidades sociais profesionais, as diferencias na incorporación laboral en diferentes áreas: tempo de espera para a incorporación, calidade e adaptación á mesma, entendendo que a intervención educativa transversal terá impacto no éxito na incorporación profesional, e a autopercepción exitosa neste aspecto.
Universidad y diversidad funcional: aproximación a la inclusión en el ámbito universitario
Authors: Garabal-Barbeira Jessica 
Published: November 2015

En la actualidad se presenta un descenso considerable del alumnado en el acceso a la universidad, hecho que perjudica a la igualdad y proporciona menor diversidad al contexto educativo. El ámbito universitario puede considerarse el lugar en el que las personas establecen lazos de unión, configuran su personalidad, participan socialmente, reflexionan sobre su identidad e intentan afianzar todos los aspectos de su persona según unos roles sociales aceptados. Los estudiantes pueden encontrarse a lo largo de su trayectoria académica algún tipo de barrera o dificultad tanto en el acceso a la documentación y al material audiovisual como en la relación docente-alumno; estas situaciones pueden llevar hacia el fracaso académico en un caso extremo, pero en otros muchos casos originan en el estudiante una situación de frustración al no poder llevar a cabo su labor universitaria de manera adecuada, normalizada y satisfactoria. Los objetivos son explorar las vivencias de los estudiantes universitarios con diversidad funcional para conocer sus inquietudes y necesidades y finalmente, esbozar propuestas de mejora a favor de una comunidad universitaria inclusiva. Se basa en un estudio de tipo cualitativo con un diseño de investigación-acción. El ámbito de estudio ha sido una universidad perteneciente al Sistema Universitario de Galicia. Los informantes del estudio han sido estudiantes universitarios con diversidad funcional y un informante clave. La recogida de información se ha realizado a través de la observación, entrevistas individuales semiestructuradas y un grupo de enfoque. La información obtenida ha sido analizada desde una perspectiva inductiva, de la que han emergido en las entrevistas individuales las categorías: “superación y aprendizaje”, “frustración y cambio”, “red social: apoyo e impotencia”, “recursos”, “entorno y barreras”, “conocimientos” y “ocio universitario”; en el grupo de enfoque emergieron las siguientes categorías identificadas como propuestas de mejora: “información previa sobre las necesidades de los estudiantes”, “propiciar el diseño universal”, “facilitar el acceso a la comunicación”, “formación en temas relacionados con ladiscapacidad” y “ocio universitario para todos”. La investigación muestra que es necesario intervenir a favor de una comunidad universitaria inclusiva después de detectar que los participantes de este estudio se enfrentan de manera cotidiana con limitaciones o barreras que dificultan un desarrollo adecuado en el ámbito académico.
Parâmetros da secagem da banana pacovan e caracterização físico-química da farinha de banana verde
Authors: Pires Vanusia Cavalcanti França , Silva Flávio Luiz Honorato , Souza Rayane Maria Silva 
Published: November 2015

O Nordeste do Brasil é responsável pela maior produção de bananas do país, com cerca de 2,862 milhões de ton. em 2012, entretanto, as altas temperaturas da região são responsáveis por expressivas perdas deste fruto in natura. A banana pode ser processada no estágio de maturação verde e submetida a técnicas de secagem visando a obtenção de produtos com maior vida de prateleira. Este trabalho apresenta os parâmetros cinéticos envolvidos na secagem convectiva da banana Pacovan verde e a obtenção do produto denominado farinha de banana verde (FBV). Foi realizado um planejamento fatorial completo (22) com número de experimentos de 2n + 3, resultando em sete tratamentos. As variáveis reais foram temperatura (50; 60 e 700C) e espessura (5,0; 7,5 e 10,0 mm) e para análise dos resultados, foi utilizado a metodologia da superfície de resposta através do software Statistic for Windows versão 5.0. Foram aplicados os modelos de Page e de Henderson & Pabis para os parâmetros cinéticos da secagem. Foram determinados os parâmetros pH, acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis, umidade, proteína, lipídios, fibra bruta e cinzas, na polpa da banana in natura e na farinha de banana verde. Os modelos foram bem representativos para cinco dos sete tratamentos. As respostas (teor de água final e tempo de secagem) foram estatisticamente significativas ao nível de 95% de confiança. Para espessura fixada em 5,0 mm e temperatura a 700C obtém-se os menores tempos de equilíbrio na secagem. A farinha de banana verde apresentou textura fina, coloração bege claro, insípida e inodora.
Newly revealed features of fracture toughness behavior of spot welded dual phase steel sheets for automotive bodies
Authors: Sevim Ibrahim 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Fracture toughness is one of the parameters, which are used to estimate the fatigue life of resistance spot-welded (RSW) joints. A spot-welded pair is affected by the shear stress of the weld zone when it is exposed to tensile load. Repetitive loads reduce the fatigue life of the spot weld, and the material splits at the spot-welded region. This study investigates the effect of welding current, weld time and nucleus size ratios on the fracture toughness of RSW of galvanized DP450 steels having 1.0 mm thickness. The specimens were joined by spot welding at different welding currents and times. Welding processes were carried out using 3, 5, 7 and 9 kA welding current and 10, 20, 30 and 40 cycles (1 cycle = 0.02 s) weld time and the electrode pressure was fixed at 600 MPa. All series of specimens were exposed to tensile shear test in order to determine the fracture toughness. The fracture toughnesses for all series of RSW joints were calculated by using the formula given in the literature. The nugget diameters, core sizes and their heights were measured via an optical microscope. The Vickers microhardness measurement was carried out on the weld nugget, heat affected zone (HAZ) and base metal. Nucleus size ratios were calculated. The results of the study demonstrated that the fracture toughness of RSW depended not only on the nugget diameter D, but also sheet thickness t, tensile rupture force F, hardness H and nucleus size ratios hn/dn.
Influence of repeated tempering on the machinability and microstructure of an AISI 52100 steel
Authors: Tan Engin , Ovali Ismail , Mavi Ahmet , Kaplan Mücahit , Okay Şenol 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The effects of repeated tempering process on the microstructure and machinability of AISI 52100 steel in terms of cutting force, cylindricity and surface roughness were investigated in the present study. Specimens were annealed at 850 °C for 60 minutes. The specimens were then rapidly quenched in oil. Quenched samples were tempered at various tempering temperatures (175, 225, 300 and 400 °C) and numbers of passes (1 and 2) in a tempering furnace. Machining tests were carried out at various cutting speeds (30, 45, 60 and 70 m × min−1), various feed rates (0.15, 0.20 and 0.25 mm × rev−1) and at a constant depth of cut at 0,4 mm after repeated tempering. The experimental results show that repeated tempering temperature and number of passes significantly affect microstructure and machinability of AISI 52100 steel. The hardness of the AISI 52100 steel decreases with increasing number of temperings and temperature. The lowest cutting force was obtained at the highest cutting speed and the lowest feed rates. The machinability of AISI 52100 can be optimized by repeated tempering heat treatment.
Consideration of hydrogen transport in press-hardened 22MnB5
Authors: Kuhlmann Matthias , Schwedler Olaf , Holtschke Niels , Jüttner Sven 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The increasing use of hot stamped high strength steels like 22MnB5 (1.5528) for complex crash relevant structural components in the vehicle body, and the problem of hydrogen-assisted damage have gained increasing importance in the automotive industry. In the high strength category, hot stamped quenched and tempered steels (tensile strength up to 1600 MPa) are under unfavorable conditions for potential risk of hydrogen embrittlement, e. g., at elevated hydrogen input, in the presence of increased tensions, and in the further processing of these steels. Peculiarities of boron-alloyed quenched and tempered steel are coating systems that are applied to the steel substrate prior to hot stamping and they serve as a protection against scaling during austenitization. These coating systems, aluminum-silicon (+AS150) and zinc (+Z140) which are most commonly used, have significant influence on the diffusion and desorption of diffusible hydrogen in thin 22MnB5 sheets. The investigations of the hydrogen transport described in this paper are carried out by thermal desorption analysis (TDA). This measurement method allows the determination of activation energies and pre-exponential diffusion coefficients of hydrogen for the different coating variants of 22MnB5 by different temperature regimes (heating rates). Furthermore, the corresponding diffusion coefficients of the studied states are determined. Based on these results, an estimate of desorption is carried out, and then empirically tested by isothermal analyzes.
Processing of Saudi talc ore for filler industries – Part 2: Magnetic separation and flotation
Authors: Ahmed Hussin A. M. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has huge low grade talc deposits with high iron content (7.63 % Fe2O3) and low silica content (55.43 % SiO2). This paper aims at investigating the amenability of processing the ore to meet filler specifications. This was firstly tried using wet or dry magnetic separation. Secondly, the ore was upgraded using flotation. In applying magnetic separation technique, Carpco induced roll and Boxmag Rapid magnetic separators were used. The main studied variables were: magnetic field intensity, the Carpco roll speed, feed rate and feed size. Denver D-12 flotation cell was used for flotation tests. The parameters pH value, pulp density, collector type and dose were optimized. The obtained results showed that using Carpco dry magnetic separator at optimum conditions produces a talc concentrate having 1.49 % Fe2O3. Wet magnetic separation under optimum conditions using Boxmag can lead to a talc concentrate having 1.33 % Fe2O3. The cleanest flotation concentrate has an iron content of 1.12 % Fe2O3. All these products can be used as filler in paper industry only. However, using flotation for cleaning the Carpco concentrate resulted in a final concentrate of 0.69 % Fe2O3 and 63.23 % SiO2 which has many industrial applications especially as filler.
Effect of preparation method of metal hydride electrode on efficiency of hydrogen electrosorption process
Authors: Giza Krystyna , Drulis Henryk 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe preparation of negative electrodes for nickel–metal hydride batteries using LaNi4.3Co0.4Al0.3alloy is presented. The constant current discharge technique is employed to determine the discharge capacity, the exchange current density and the hydrogen diffusion coefficient of the studied electrodes. The electrochemical performance of metal hydride electrode is strongly affected by preparation conditions. The results are compared and the advantages and disadvantages of preparation methods of the electrodes are also discussed.
γδ T Cells Shape Preimmune Peripheral B Cell Populations
Authors: Huang Yafei , Getahun Andrew , Heiser Ryan A. , Detanico Thiago O. , Aviszus Katja , Kirchenbaum Greg A. , Casper Tamara L. , Huang Chunjian , Aydintug M. Kemal , Carding Simon R. , Ikuta Koichi , Huang Hua , Wysocki Lawrence J. , Cambier John C. , O’Brien Rebecca L. , Born Willi K. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
We previously reported that selective ablation of certain γδ T cell subsets, rather than removal of all γδ T cells, strongly affects serum Ab levels in nonimmunized mice. This type of manipulation also changed T cells, including residual γδ T cells, revealing some interdependence of γδ T cell populations. For example, in mice lacking Vγ4+ and Vγ6+ γδ T cells (B6.TCR-Vγ4−/−/6−/−), we observed expanded Vγ1+ cells, which changed in composition and activation and produced more IL-4 upon stimulation in vitro, increased IL-4 production by αβ T cells as well as spontaneous germinal center formation in the spleen, and elevated serum Ig and autoantibodies. We therefore examined B cell populations in this and other γδ-deficient mouse strains. Whereas immature bone marrow B cells remained largely unchanged, peripheral B cells underwent several changes. Specifically, transitional and mature B cells in the spleen of B6.TCR-Vγ4−/−/6−/− mice and other peripheral B cell populations were diminished, most of all splenic marginal zone (MZ) B cells. However, relative frequencies and absolute numbers of Ab-producing cells, as well as serum levels of Abs, IL-4, and BAFF, were increased. Cell transfers confirmed that these changes are directly dependent on the altered γδ T cells in this strain and on their enhanced potential of producing IL-4. Further evidence suggests the possibility of direct interactions between γδ T cells and B cells in the splenic MZ. Taken together, these data demonstrate the capability of γδ T cells of modulating size and productivity of preimmune peripheral B cell populations.
Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Express Functional NKp30 Receptor Inducing Type 2 Cytokine Production
Authors: Salimi Maryam , Xue Luzheng , Jolin Helen , Hardman Clare , Cousins David J. , McKenzie Andrew N. J. , Ogg Graham S. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) are important in effector functions for eliciting allergic inflammation, parasite defense, epithelial repair, and lipid homeostasis. ILC2 lack rearranged Ag-specific receptors, and although many soluble factors such as cytokines and lipid mediators can influence ILC2, direct interaction of these cells with the microenvironment and other cells has been less explored. Natural cytotoxicity receptors are expressed by subsets of group 1 ILC and group 3 ILC and thought to be important for their effector function, but they have not been shown to be expressed by ILC2. Therefore, we sought to investigate the expression and functional properties of the natural cytotoxicity receptor NKp30 on human ILC2. A subset of ex vivo and cultured ILC2 express NKp30 that upon interaction with its cognate activatory ligand B7-H6 induces rapid production of type 2 cytokines. This interaction can be blocked by NKp30 blocking Ab and an inhibitory ligand, galectin-3. Higher expression of B7-H6 was observed in lesional skin biopsies of patients with atopic dermatitis, and incubation of keratinocytes with proinflammatory and type 2 cytokines upregulated B7-H6, leading to increased ILC2 cytokine production. NKp30–B7-H6 interaction is a novel cell contact mechanism that mediates activation of ILC2 and identifies a potential target for the development of novel therapeutics for atopic dermatitis and other atopic diseases.
Migration of CD8+ T Cells into the Central Nervous System Gives Rise to Highly Potent Anti-HIV CD4dimCD8bright T Cells in a Wnt Signaling–Dependent Manner
Authors: Richards Maureen H. , Narasipura Srinivas D. , Seaton Melanie S. , Lutgen Victoria , Al-Harthi Lena 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The role of CD8+ T cells in HIV control in the brain and the consequences of such control are unclear. Approximately 3% of peripheral CD8+ T cells dimly express CD4 on their surface. This population is known as CD4dimCD8bright T cells. We evaluated the role of CD4dimCD8bright and CD8 single positive T cells in HIV-infected brain using NOD/SCID/IL-2rcγ−/− mice reconstituted with human PBMCs (NSG-huPBMC). All three T cell populations (CD4 single positive, CD8 single positive, and CD4dimCD8bright) were found in NSG-huPBMC mouse brain within 2 wk of infection. Wnts secreted from astrocytes induced CD4dimCD8bright T cells by 2-fold in vitro. Injection of highly purified CD8 single positive T cells into mouse brain induced CD4dimCD8bright T cells by 10-fold, which were proliferative and exhibited a terminally differentiated effector memory phenotype. Brain CD4dimCD8bright T cells from HIV-infected mice exhibited anti-HIV–specific responses, as demonstrated by induction of CD107ab post exposure to HIV peptide–loaded targets. Further, higher frequency of CD4dimCD8bright T cells (R = −0.62; p ≤ 0.001), but not CD8 single positive T cells (R = −0.24; p ≤ 0.27), negatively correlated with HIV gag mRNA transcripts in HIV-infected NSG-huPBMC brain. Together, these studies indicate that single positive CD8+ T cells entering the CNS during HIV infection can give rise to CD4dimCD8bright T cells, likely through a Wnt signaling–dependent manner, and that these cells are associated with potent anti-HIV control in the CNS. Thus, CD4dimCD8bright T cells are capable of HIV control in the CNS and may offer protection against HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.