bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HPLC–MS/MS determination of flavonoids in Gleditsiae Spina for its quality assessment
Authors: Li Jing , Jiang Kun , Wang Li‐Jun , Yin Guo , Wang Jue , Wang Yang , Jin Yi‐Bao , Li Qing , Wang Tie‐Jie 
Published: January 2018

AbstractGleditsiae Spina, the thorn of Gleditsia sinensis Lam., has been used as an anti‐inflammatory, anti‐tumor, and anti‐bacterial traditional medicine for hundreds of years in China. This study used high‐performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry combined with chemometric methods to allow the fast and accurate identification and quantification of the flavonoids compounds in Gleditsiae Spina, and created reliable criteria for accurate identification of Gleditsiae Spina and its adulterants. This research provides good evidence for the classification and quality evaluation of Gleditsiae Spina. Firstly, eight flavonoids compounds were detected and identified on the basis of their mass spectra, fragment characteristics, and comparison with published data. Then the mass spectroscopic fragmentation pathways of these compounds were determined and, in addition rutin, isoquercitrin, and quercitrin were detected in Gleditsiae Spina for the first time. The quantification was performed on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer in multi‐reaction monitoring mode, and the baseline separation of the eight bioactive flavonoids components was achieved within 13 min. Furthermore, the proposed method was successfully applied for simultaneous quantitative determination of the eight Gleditsiae Spina compounds and adulterants obtained from different sources in China. Then, we built a classification model which showed a high level of accuracy predicting 100% of the samples, correctly.
The future of global research: A case study on the use of scenario planning in the publishing industry
Authors: Rhoods Samira , Babor Anca 
Published: January 2018

Key points

Scenario planning is fun and engaging and is a good opportunity to revisit your company's core strengths and competitive advantage!
Scenario planning should drive long‐term thinking in organizations.
It will change the nature of the strategic conversation and can be used to help validate business innovation.
Scenarios can help to engage with other organizations in the industry and help people work together to create preferred future outcomes.
The complexity of scenario planning should not be underestimated and shortcuts do not work.
Tough and Tear‐Resistant Double‐Network Hydrogels Based on a Facile Strategy: Micellar Polymerization Followed by Solution Polymerization
Authors: Zhao Yu , Xia Bing Hu , Wang Lei , Wang Run Jun , Meng Dan Ni , Liu Yang , Zhou Jun Wei , Lian Hui Qin , Zu Lei , Cui Xiu Guo , Liang Yong Ri , Zhu Mei Fang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHow to prepare a hydrogel with high strength and excellent tearing fracture energy is a problem faced by researchers. Here, tough and tear‐resistant double‐network hydrogels (Cx‐SMy gels) are successfully prepared via a facile strategy: micellar polymerization followed by solution polymerization. The strength and fracture energy of these hydrogels are up to 13 MPa and 26500 J m−2, respectively, which are attributed to the synergy of quatra‐crosslinking interactions inside the double‐network. The quatra‐crosslinking interactions include hydrophobic interaction, crystallization, electrostatic attraction, and hydrogen bonding. Moreover, it is confirmed that the facile strategy is a general way to prepare tough hydrogels by using electrolytic monomers and hydrophobic acrylates.
Entropy‐Driven Ring‐Opening Disulfide Metathesis Polymerization for the Synthesis of Functional Poly(disulfide)s
Authors: Behrendt Felix N. , Schlaad Helmut 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMetal‐free entropy‐driven disulfide metathesis polymerization of unsaturated l‐cystine based macrocycles produces high‐molar‐mass heterofunctional poly(disulfide)s, i.e., poly(ester‐disulfide‐alkene) and poly(amide‐disulfide‐alkene); Mwapp = 44–60 kDa, Ð > 1.7. The polymerization is fast and reaches equilibrium within 1–5 minutes (monomer conversion 70–90%) in polar aprotic solvents such as N,N‐dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulfoxide, or γ‐valerolactone. Thiol‐terminated polymers are stable in bulk or when dissolved in weakly polar solvents, but rapidly depolymerize in dilute polar solution.
How can we maximize the diagnostic utility of uroflow?: ICI‐RS 2017
Authors: Gammie Andrew , Rosier Peter , Li Rui , Harding Chris 
Published: January 2018

AimsTo gauge the current level of diagnostic utility of uroflowmetry and to suggest areas needing research to improve this.MethodsA summary of the debate held at the 2017 meeting of the International Consultation on Incontinence Research Society, with subsequent analysis by the authors.ResultsLimited diagnostic sensitivity and specificity exist for maximum flow rates, multiple uroflow measurements, and flow‐volume nomograms. There is a lack of clarity in flow rate curve shape description and uroflow time measurement.ConclusionsThere is a need for research to combine uroflowmetry with other non‐invasive indicators. Better standardizations of test technique, flow‐volume nomograms, uroflow shape descriptions, and time measurements are required.
A comparison of 2‐hydroxyglutarate detection at 3 and 7 T with long‐TE semi‐LASER
Authors: Berrington Adam , Voets Natalie L. , Larkin Sarah J. , de Pennington Nick , Mccullagh James , Stacey Richard , Schofield Christopher J. , Jezzard Peter , Clare Stuart , Cadoux‐Hudson Tom , Plaha Puneet , Ansorge Olaf , Emir Uzay E. 
Published: January 2018

Abnormally high levels of the ‘oncometabolite’ 2‐hydroxyglutarate (2‐HG) occur in many grade II and III gliomas, and correlate with mutations in the genes of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) isoforms. In vivo measurement of 2‐HG in patients, using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), has largely been carried out at 3 T, yet signal overlap continues to pose a challenge for 2‐HG detection. To combat this, several groups have proposed MRS methods at ultra‐high field (≥7 T) where theoretical increases in signal‐to‐noise ratio and spectral resolution could improve 2‐HG detection. Long echo time (long‐TE) semi‐localization by adiabatic selective refocusing (semi‐LASER) (TE = 110 ms) is a promising method for improved 2‐HG detection in vivo at either 3 or 7 T owing to the use of broad‐band adiabatic localization. Using previously published semi‐LASER methods at 3 and 7 T, this study directly compares the detectability of 2‐HG in phantoms and in vivo across nine patients. Cramér–Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) of 2‐HG fitting were found to be significantly lower at 7 T (6 ± 2%) relative to 3 T (15 ± 7%) (p = 0.0019), yet were larger at 7 T in an IDH wild‐type patient. Although no increase in SNR was detected at 7 T (77 ± 26) relative to 3 T (77 ± 30), the detection of 2‐HG was greatly enhanced through an improved spectral profile and increased resolution at 7 T. 7 T had a large effect on pairwise fitting correlations between γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and 2‐HG (p = 0.004), and resulted in smaller coefficients. The increased sensitivity for 2‐HG detection using long‐TE acquisition at 7 T may allow for more rapid estimation of 2‐HG (within a few spectral averages) together with other associated metabolic markers in glioma.
A two‐phase strategy for control constrained elliptic optimal control problems
Authors: Song Xiao‐Liang , Yu Bo 
Published: January 2018

SummaryElliptic optimal control problems with pointwise box constraints on the control are considered. To numerically solve elliptic optimal control problems with pointwise box constraints on the control, an inexact alternating direction method of multipliers (iADMM) is first proposed on the continuous level with the aim of solving discretized problems with moderate accuracy. Then, the standard piecewise linear finite element is employed to discretize the related subproblems appearing in each iteration of the iADMM algorithm. Such approach will give us the freedom to discretize two inner subproblems of the iADMM algorithm by different discretized scheme, respectively. More importantly, it should be emphasized that the discretized version of the iADMM algorithm can be regarded as a modification of the inexact semiproximal ADMM (isPADMM) algorithm. In order to obtain more accurate solution, the primal‐dual active set method is used as a postprocessor of the isPADMM. Numerical results not only show that the isPADMM and the two‐phase strategy are highly efficient but also show the mesh independence of the isPADMM.
Determining the excited‐state substituent constants of furyl and thienyl groups
Authors: Qu Junyan , Cao Chao‐Tun , Cao Chenzhong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSix series of styrene derivatives XCH═CHArY (total of 65) containing the styrene parent molecular skeleton were synthesized (here, Y is OMe, Me, H, F, Cl, CF3, CN, and NO2, and X is 2‐furyl, 3‐furyl, 2′‐methyl‐2‐furyl, 2‐thienyl, 3‐thienyl, and 2′‐methyl‐2‐theniyl). Their ultraviolet absorption spectra were measured in anhydrous ethanol, and their wavelength of absorption maximum λmax was recorded. For the wavenumber νmax (cm−1, νmax = 1/λmax) of the obtained λmax, a quantitative correlation analysis was performed, and 6 excited‐state substituent constants
of groups X were obtained by means of curve‐fitting method. Taking the νmax values of total 90 compounds of styrene derivatives as a data set (including 25 compounds from reference and 65 compounds of this work), a quantitative correlation analysis was performed, and the reliability of the obtained
was verified. In addition, 12 samples of disubstituted Schiff bases (XCH═NArY) involving the above groups X were synthesized, and their νmax values were recorded. Using these 12 νmax together with the 14 νmax values of Schiff bases taken from reference (total of 26 compounds), it was further verified that the
values are reliable by means of quantitative correlation method.
Bis‐substituted thiophene‐containing oxime sulfonates photoacid generators for cationic polymerization under UV–visible LED irradiation
Authors: Sun Xin , Jin Ming , Wu Xingyu , Pan Haiyan , Wan Decheng , Pu Hongting 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTThree novel types of thiophene‐containing oxime sulfonates with a big π‐conjugated system were reported as non‐ionic photoacid generators. The irradiation of the newly synthesized photoacid generators using near UV–visible light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) (365–475 nm) results in the cleavage of two weak NO bonds in single molecules, which lead to the generation of different sulfonic acids in good quantum and chemical yields. The mechanism for the NO bond cleavage for acid generation was supported by the UV–visible spectra and real‐time 1H NMR spectra. They are developed as high‐performance photoinitiators without any additives for the cationic polymerization of epoxide and vinyl ether upon exposure to near‐UV and visible LEDs (365–475 nm) at low concentration. In the field of photopolymerization, especially visible light polymerization, it has great potential for application. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 776–782
Studying Crosslinker Chemical Structure Effect on the Tuning Properties of HTPB‐Based Polyurethane
Authors: Yarmohammadi Masoud , Komeili Saied , Shahidzadeh Mansour 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHydroxyl terminated polybutadiene based polyurethanes with various crosslinker compounds have been prepared to investigate the effect of crosslinker content and structure on polyurethanes mechanical properties. Three various crosslinkers have been used in this study, including trimethylolpropane, triethanolamine, and boron trifluoride triethanolamine complex. The results established that increasing crosslinker content increased the polyurethane strength. Moreover, boron trifluoride triethanolamine complex showed better ability in making network polyurethanes. The tensile test revealed that using boron trifluoride triethanolamine complex as crosslinker led to increasing chemical crosslinking bonds in comparison to two other crosslinkers via catalyzing side reaction like chain coupling. Swelling test and dynamical‐mechanical analysis confirmed this result, too.
Quantum Gates to Other Universes
Authors: Bachas Constantin , Lavdas Ioannis 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe present a microscopic model of a bridge connecting two large Anti‐de‐Sitter Universes. The Universes admit a holographic description as three‐dimensional supersymmetric gauge theories based on large linear quivers, and the bridge is a small rank‐n gauge group that acts as a messenger. On the gravity side, the bridge is a piece of a highly‐curved AdS5 × S5 throat carrying n units of five‐form flux. We derive a universal expression for the mixing of the two massless gravitons: , where M is the mass splitting of the gravitons, are the effective gravitational couplings of the AdS4 Universes, and n is the quantized charge of the gate. This agrees with earlier results based on double‐trace deformations, with the important difference that the effective coupling is quantized. We argue that the apparent non‐localities of holographic double‐trace theories are resolved by integrating‐in the (scarce) degrees of freedom of the gate.
Pesticides and passive dispersal: acaricide‐ and starvation‐induced take‐off of the predatory mite Neoseiulus baraki
Authors: Monteiro Vaneska Barbosa , Silva Vanessa Farias , Lima Debora Barbosa , Guedes Raul Narciso Carvalho , Gondim Manoel Guedes Correa 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDAn understanding of the causes and consequences of dispersal is vital for managing populations. Environmental contaminants, such as pesticides, provide potential environmental context‐dependent stimuli for dispersal of targeted and non‐targeted species, which may occur not only for active but also for passive dispersal, although such a possibility is frequently neglected. Here, we assessed the potential of food deprivation and acaricides to interfere with the take‐off for passive (wind) dispersal of the predatory mite Neoseiulus baraki.RESULTSWind tunnel bioassays indicated that starvation favoured the take‐off for wind dispersal by the mite predator, which also varied with wind velocity, and dispersal increased at higher velocities within the 1–7 (m s−1) range tested. For the acaricides tested, particularly the biopesticide azadirachtin but also abamectin and fenpyroximate, the rate of predator take‐off for dispersal increased, and further increased with wind velocity up to 7 m/s. Such responses were associated with changes in the predator behavioural preparation for wind‐mediated passive dispersal, with a greater incidence of the standing posture that permitted take‐off.CONCLUSIONThe rate of take‐off for passive dispersal by N. baraki increased with food deprivation and exposure to the residues of agricultural acaricides. Azadirachtin exposure resulted in a particularly strong response, although abamectin and fenpyroximate also stimulated dispersal. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Coexistence of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)‐transgenic and conventional rice affects insect abundance and plant fitness in fields
Authors: Liang Yuyong , Liu Fang , Li Junsheng , Cheng Zhengxin , Chen Hongfan , Wang Xuming , Xiao Nengwen , Liu Yongbo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDAs genetically modified (GM) crops are cultivated worldwide, concerns are emerging about the ecological consequences of the coexistence of transgenic and non‐transgenic crops in fields. We first conducted field experiments using insect‐resistant transgenic rice expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt‐transgenic rice) and its counterpart conventional rice (Oryza sativa L.) with or without insecticide spraying in 2013 and 2014. In 2015 and 2016, Bt‐transgenic and conventional rice plants were employed in pure and mixed cages, with an infestation of the target insect (Chilo suppressalis) and with insecticide spraying as the control treatment to prevent target insect infestation.RESULTSThe presence of Bt‐transgenic rice decreased the abundance of target insects but did not affect non‐target insects and predators in fields. Compared with conventional rice, Bt‐transgenic rice showed more empty seeds but comparable seed production in cages. The infestation of target insects significantly decreased the plant fitness of conventional rice in pure cages, but did not affect its fitness when conventional rice coexisted with Bt‐transgenic rice. In mixed cages, the presence of Bt‐transgenic rice decreased the abundance of target insects and the percentage of dead sheaths in conventional rice.CONCLUSIONThe presence of Bt‐transgenic rice benefits the growth and reproduction of non‐transgenic rice in fields because of a decreased abundance of target insects. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Seeking excellence: An evaluation of 235 international laboratories conducting water isotope analyses by isotope‐ratio and laser‐absorption spectrometry
Authors: Wassenaar L.I. , Terzer‐Wassmuth S. , Douence C. , Araguas‐Araguas L. , Aggarwal P.K. , Coplen T.B. 
Published: January 2018

RationaleWater stable isotope ratios (δ2H and δ18O values) are widely used tracers in environmental studies; hence, accurate and precise assays are required for providing sound scientific information. We tested the analytical performance of 235 international laboratories conducting water isotope analyses using dual‐inlet and continuous‐flow isotope ratio mass spectrometers and laser spectrometers through a water isotope inter‐comparison test.MethodsEight test water samples were distributed by the IAEA to international stable isotope laboratories. These consisted of a core set of five samples spanning the common δ‐range of natural waters, and three optional samples (highly depleted, enriched, and saline). The fifth core sample contained unrevealed trace methanol to assess analyst vigilance to the impact of organic contamination on water isotopic measurements made by all instrument technologies.ResultsFor the core and optional samples ~73 % of laboratories gave acceptable results within 0.2 ‰ and 1.5 ‰ of the reference values for δ18O and δ2H, respectively; ~27 % produced unacceptable results. Top performance for δ18O values was dominated by dual‐inlet IRMS laboratories; top performance for δ2H values was led by laser spectrometer laboratories. Continuous‐flow instruments yielded comparatively intermediate results. Trace methanol contamination of water resulted in extreme outlier δ‐values for laser instruments, but also affected reactor‐based continuous‐flow IRMS systems; however, dual‐inlet IRMS δ‐values were unaffected.ConclusionsAnalysis of the laboratory results and their metadata suggested inaccurate or imprecise performance stemmed mainly from skill‐ and knowledge‐based errors including: calculation mistakes, inappropriate or compromised laboratory calibration standards, poorly performing instrumentation, lack of vigilance to contamination, or inattention to unreasonable isotopic outcomes. To counteract common errors, we recommend that laboratories include 1–2 'known' control standards in all autoruns; laser laboratories should screen each autorun for spectral contamination; and all laboratories should evaluate whether derived d‐excess values are realistic when both isotope ratios are measured. Combined, these data evaluation strategies should immediately inform the laboratory about fundamental mistakes or compromised samples.
Development and validation of an assay to analyze atazanavir in human hair via liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Phung Nhi , Kuncze Karen , Okochi Hideaki , Louie Alexander , Benet Leslie Z. , Ofokotun Igho , Haas David W. , Currier Judith S. , Chawana Tariro D. , Sheth Anandi N. , Bacchetti Peter , Gandhi Monica , Horng Howard 
Published: January 2018

RationaleAssays to quantify antiretrovirals in hair samples are increasingly used to monitor adherence and exposure in both HIV prevention and treatment studies. Atazanavir (ATV) is a protease inhibitor used in combination antiretroviral therapy (ART). We developed and validated a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS)‐based method to quantify ATV in human hair, per the NIH Division of AIDS Clinical Pharmacology Quality Assurance (CPQA) program and the FDA bioanalytical method validation guidelines.MethodsATV was extracted from hair using optimized methods and the extracts were injected onto a BDS C‐18 column (5 μm, 4.6 × 100 mm), followed by isocratic elution via a mobile phase composed of 55% acetonitrile, 45% water, 0.15% acetic acid, and 4 mM ammonium acetate, at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min prior to analysis by MS/MS. Levels were quantified using positive electrospray ionization by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) for the transitions MH+ m/z 705.3 to m/z 168.0 and MH+ m/z 710.2 to m/z 168.0 for ATV and ATV‐d5 (internal standard), respectively.ResultsOur assay demonstrated a linear standard curve (r = 0.99) over the concentration range of 0.0500 ng ATV/mg hair to 20.0 ng/mg hair. The inter‐ and intraday accuracy of ATV quality control (QC) samples was −1.33 to 4.00% and precision (% coefficient of variation (%CV)) was 1.75 to 6.31%. The %CV for ATV levels in hair samples from highly adherent patients (incurred samples) was less than 10%. No significant endogenous peaks or crosstalk were observed in the specificity test with other HIV drugs. The overall extraction efficiency of ATV from incurred hair samples was greater than 95%.ConclusionsThis highly sensitive, highly specific and validated assay can be considered for therapeutic drug monitoring for HIV‐infected patients on ATV‐based ART.
Bank net interest margins, the yield curve, and the 2007–2009 financial crisis
Authors: Egly Peter V. , Johnk David W. , Mollick André Varella 
Published: January 2018

AbstractUsing quarterly call report data from 2000 to 2016, we reexamine the relationship between net interest margins (NIM) and the yield curve for more than 5,500 U.S. commercial banks. In the full sample, yield curve and RGDP growth have positive effects on NIM, while inflation and deposit‐to‐loan ratios (D/L) have negative effects. Splitting the sample around the 2007–2009 crisis, we show the impact of yield curve and RGDP growth on NIM increasing during the “recovery” (2009Q3 to 2016Q4), and inflation and D/L changing signs. Positive effects of yield curve on profits vary with bank size and change over time.