bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Figurines of the Anatolian Early Bronze Age: the assemblage from Koçumbeli-Ankara
Authors: Atakuman Çiğdem 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThrough analysis of a figurine assemblage from the site of Koçumbeli-Ankara, this study aims to re-evaluate the origins, meanings and functions of the Early Bronze Age (third millennium BC) anthropomorphic figurines of Anatolia. Conventional typological approaches to figurines are often focused on their origins and sex; however, such approaches hinder an understanding of the context of the norms of production, display and discard within which the figurines become more meaningful. Following an examination of breakage patterns and the decorative aspects of the Koçumbeli assemblage, a comparative review of figurine find contexts, raw materials and abstraction scales in Anatolia is provided, so that the social concerns underlying the use of these figurines can be explored. It is concluded that the origins of the figurines are difficult to pinpoint, due to the presence of similar items across a variety of regions of the Near East from the later Neolithic onwards. The sex of the figurines is equally ambiguous; while some human sexual features can be discerned, it is difficult to decide whether these features are ‘male’, ‘female’, both or beyond classification. Alternatively, the decoration, breakage and find contexts of the figurines suggest that the imagery was embedded in more complex perceptions of social status, death and social regeneration. The need for materialisation of these concerns in the form of the figurines could be related to the development of a new social landscape of interaction leading to political centralisation by the second millennium BC. Furthermore, the figurines were produced through a meaningful linking of particular raw materials and particular abstraction scales to particular use contexts, which seems to have shifted during the centralisation process.
Crimean Tatars in explorative and travel writing: 1782–1802
Authors: Teissier Beatrice 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis article discusses the portrayal of Crimea, particularly Crimean Tatars and their culture, through the writings of nine men and women who travelled in the region in the late 18th century. These writers travelled in different capacities and represent a diversity of viewpoints; they include figures of the Russian academic and political establishment and western European travellers, with or without Russian affiliations. The article sets their writings in the context of the imperial Russian rhetoric of conquest associated with the annexation of Crimea in 1783 and Catherine II's tour of the area four years later. This rhetoric remains relevant today through the marked persistence of certain historic tropes in contemporary Russian attitudes towards Crimea. The article also discusses the writers’ responses to Crimea in the light of broader Enlightenment tropes in travel writing and ethnographic observation. It examines the extent to which the travellers’ accounts of Crimea were shaped by notions of ancient Greek heritage, Scythians and ‘Tartar hordes’, attitudes towards the Ottoman Empire (Crimea had previously been an Ottoman protectorate) and Islam, and 18th-century orientalism.
The Hittite title Tuhkanti revisited: towards a precise characterisation of the office
Authors: Orozco Albert Planelles 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIt is nowadays commonly accepted that the Hittite title Tuhkanti refers to the heir to the throne of Hattusa. However, while there are plenty of biographical works about individuals who held the title, there is a remarkable lack of studies about the position itself. Furthermore, there has until now been no complete compilation of the attestations of the word. With the aim of revisiting the role and the identity of the officer, this article catalogues all the occurrences of the term in Hittite contexts. Secondly, it offers a partially new characterisation of the office based on consideration of all the (currently known) attestations. The final picture that emerges diverts from the regular definition of a crown prince and reveals a type of emergency office, instituted in exceptional circumstances in order to reinforce the reigning dynasty.
Ultra-processed family foods in Australia: nutrition claims, health claims and marketing techniques
Authors: Pulker Claire Elizabeth , Scott Jane Anne , Pollard Christina Mary 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo objectively evaluate voluntary nutrition and health claims and marketing techniques present on packaging of high-market-share ultra-processed foods (UPF) in Australia for their potential impact on public health.DesignCross-sectional.SettingPackaging information from five high-market-share food manufacturers and one retailer were obtained from supermarket and manufacturers’ websites.SubjectsIngredients lists for 215 UPF were examined for presence of added sugar. Packaging information was categorised using a taxonomy of nutrition and health information which included nutrition and health claims and five common food marketing techniques. Compliance of statements and claims with the Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code and with Health Star Ratings (HSR) were assessed for all products.ResultsAlmost all UPF (95 %) contained added sugars described in thirty-four different ways; 55 % of UPF displayed a HSR; 56 % had nutrition claims (18 % were compliant with regulations); 25 % had health claims (79 % were compliant); and 97 % employed common food marketing techniques. Packaging of 47 % of UPF was designed to appeal to children. UPF carried a mean of 1·5 health and nutrition claims (range 0–10) and 2·6 marketing techniques (range 0–5), and 45 % had HSR≤3·0/5·0.ConclusionsMost UPF packaging featured nutrition and health statements or claims despite the high prevalence of added sugars and moderate HSR. The degree of inappropriate or inaccurate statements and claims present is concerning, particularly on packaging designed to appeal to children. Public policies to assist parents to select healthy family foods should address the quality and accuracy of information provided on UPF packaging.
Dynamic breaking of a single gold bond
Authors: Pobelov Ilya V. , Lauritzen Kasper Primdal , Yoshida Koji , Jensen Anders , Mészáros Gábor , Jacobsen Karsten W. , Strange Mikkel , Wandlowski Thomas , Solomon Gemma C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWhile one might assume that the force to break a chemical bond gives a measure of the bond strength, this intuition is misleading. If the force is loaded slowly, thermal fluctuations may break the bond before it is maximally stretched, and the breaking force will be less than the bond can sustain. Conversely, if the force is loaded rapidly it is more likely that the maximum breaking force is measured. Paradoxically, no clear differences in breaking force were observed in experiments on gold nanowires, despite being conducted under very different conditions. Here we explore the breaking behaviour of a single Au–Au bond and show that the breaking force is dependent on the loading rate. We probe the temperature and structural dependencies of breaking and suggest that the paradox can be explained by fast breaking of atomic wires and slow breaking of point contacts giving very similar breaking forces.
Progression through mitosis promotes PARP inhibitor-induced cytotoxicity in homologous recombination-deficient cancer cells
Authors: Schoonen Pepijn M. , Talens Francien , Stok Colin , Gogola Ewa , Heijink Anne Margriet , Bouwman Peter , Foijer Floris , Tarsounas Madalena , Blatter Sohvi , Jonkers Jos , Rottenberg Sven , van Vugt Marcel A. T. M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMutations in homologous recombination (HR) genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 predispose to tumorigenesis. HR-deficient cancers are hypersensitive to Poly (ADP ribose)-polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, but can acquire resistance and relapse. Mechanistic understanding how PARP inhibition induces cytotoxicity in HR-deficient cancer cells is incomplete. Here we find PARP inhibition to compromise replication fork stability in HR-deficient cancer cells, leading to mitotic DNA damage and consequent chromatin bridges and lagging chromosomes in anaphase, frequently leading to cytokinesis failure, multinucleation and cell death. PARP-inhibitor-induced multinucleated cells fail clonogenic outgrowth, and high percentages of multinucleated cells are found in vivo in remnants of PARP inhibitor-treated Brca2−/−;p53−/− and Brca1−/−;p53−/− mammary mouse tumours, suggesting that mitotic progression promotes PARP-inhibitor-induced cell death. Indeed, enforced mitotic bypass through EMI1 depletion abrogates PARP-inhibitor-induced cytotoxicity. These findings provide insight into the cytotoxic effects of PARP inhibition, and point at combination therapies to potentiate PARP inhibitor treatment of HR-deficient tumours.
Facultative CTCF sites moderate mammary super-enhancer activity and regulate juxtaposed gene in non-mammary cells
Authors: Willi M. , Yoo K. H. , Reinisch F. , Kuhns T. M. , Lee H. K. , Wang C. , Hennighausen L. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPrecise spatiotemporal gene regulation is paramount for the establishment and maintenance of cell-specific programmes. Although there is evidence that chromatin neighbourhoods, formed by the zinc-finger protein CTCF, can sequester enhancers and their target genes, there is limited in vivo evidence for CTCF demarcating super-enhancers and preventing cross talk between distinct regulatory elements. Here, we address these questions in the Wap locus with its mammary-specific super-enhancer separated by CTCF sites from widely expressed genes. Mutational analysis demonstrates that the Wap super-enhancer controls Ramp3, despite three separating CTCF sites. Their deletion in mice results in elevated expression of Ramp3 in mammary tissue through augmented promoter–enhancer interactions. Deletion of the distal CTCF-binding site results in loss of Ramp3 expression in non-mammary tissues. This suggests that CTCF sites are porous borders, allowing a super-enhancer to activate a secondary target. Likewise, CTCF sites shield a widely expressed gene from suppressive influences of a silent locus.
Recent increases in terrestrial carbon uptake at little cost to the water cycle
Authors: Cheng Lei , Zhang Lu , Wang Ying-Ping , Canadell Josep G. , Chiew Francis H. S. , Beringer Jason , Li Longhui , Miralles Diego G. , Piao Shilong , Zhang Yongqiang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractQuantifying the responses of the coupled carbon and water cycles to current global warming and rising atmospheric CO2 concentration is crucial for predicting and adapting to climate changes. Here we show that terrestrial carbon uptake (i.e. gross primary production) increased significantly from 1982 to 2011 using a combination of ground-based and remotely sensed land and atmospheric observations. Importantly, we find that the terrestrial carbon uptake increase is not accompanied by a proportional increase in water use (i.e. evapotranspiration) but is largely (about 90%) driven by increased carbon uptake per unit of water use, i.e. water use efficiency. The increased water use efficiency is positively related to rising CO2 concentration and increased canopy leaf area index, and negatively influenced by increased vapour pressure deficits. Our findings suggest that rising atmospheric CO2 concentration has caused a shift in terrestrial water economics of carbon uptake.
Atomic-resolution imaging of electrically induced oxygen vacancy migration and phase transformation in SrCoO2.5-σ
Authors: Zhang Qinghua , He Xu , Shi Jinan , Lu Nianpeng , Li Haobo , Yu Qian , Zhang Ze , Chen Long-Qing , Morris Bill , Xu Qiang , Yu Pu , Gu Lin , Jin Kuijuan , Nan Ce-Wen 
Published: July 2017

AbstractOxygen ion transport is the key issue in redox processes. Visualizing the process of oxygen ion migration with atomic resolution is highly desirable for designing novel devices such as oxidation catalysts, oxygen permeation membranes, and solid oxide fuel cells. Here we show the process of electrically induced oxygen migration and subsequent reconstructive structural transformation in a SrCoO2.5−σ
film by scanning transmission electron microscopy. We find that the extraction of oxygen from every second SrO layer occurs gradually under an electrical bias; beyond a critical voltage, the brownmillerite units collapse abruptly and evolve into a periodic nano-twined phase with a high c/a ratio and distorted tetrahedra. Our results show that oxygen vacancy rows are not only natural oxygen diffusion channels, but also preferred sites for the induced oxygen vacancies. These direct experimental results of oxygen migration may provide a common mechanism for the electrically induced structural evolution of oxides.
Structural and Functional Analysis of Latex Clearing Protein (Lcp) Provides Insight into the Enzymatic Cleavage of Rubber
Authors: Ilcu Lorena , Röther Wolf , Birke Jakob , Brausemann Anton , Einsle Oliver , Jendrossek Dieter 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLatex clearing proteins (Lcps) are rubber oxygenases that catalyse the extracellular cleavage of poly (cis-1,4-isoprene) by Gram-positive rubber degrading bacteria. Lcp of Streptomyces sp. K30 (LcpK30) is a b-type cytochrome and acts as an endo-type dioxygenase producing C20 and higher oligo-isoprenoids that differ in the number of isoprene units but have the same terminal functions, CHO-CH2– and –CH2-COCH3. Our analysis of the LcpK30 structure revealed a 3/3 globin fold with additional domains at the N- and C-termini and similarities to globin-coupled sensor proteins. The haem group of LcpK30 is ligated to the polypeptide by a proximal histidine (His198) and by a lysine residue (Lys167) as the distal axial ligand. The comparison of LcpK30 structures in a closed and in an open state as well as spectroscopic and biochemical analysis of wild type and LcpK30 muteins provided insights into the action of the enzyme during catalysis.
A gene network regulated by FGF signalling during ear development
Authors: Anwar Maryam , Tambalo Monica , Ranganathan Ramya , Grocott Timothy , Streit Andrea 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDuring development cell commitment is regulated by inductive signals that are tightly controlled in time and space. In response, cells activate specific programmes, but the transcriptional circuits that maintain cell identity in a changing signalling environment are often poorly understood. Specification of inner ear progenitors is initiated by FGF signalling. Here, we establish the genetic hierarchy downstream of FGF by systematic analysis of many ear factors combined with a network inference approach. We show that FGF rapidly activates a small circuit of transcription factors forming positive feedback loops to stabilise otic progenitor identity. Our predictive network suggests that subsequently, transcriptional repressors ensure the transition of progenitors to mature otic cells, while simultaneously repressing alternative fates. Thus, we reveal the regulatory logic that initiates ear formation and highlight the hierarchical organisation of the otic gene network.
RTN1 and RTN3 protein are differentially associated with senile plaques in Alzheimer’s brains
Authors: Shi Qi , Ge Yingying , He Wanxia , Hu Xiangyou , Yan Riqiang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractReticulon proteins (RTNs), consisting of RTN1 to RTN4, were previously shown to interact with BACE1 by negatively modulating its secretase activity. In RTN3-null mice, RTN1 expression was slightly elevated. To understand the in vivo role of RTN1, we generated RTN1-null mice and compared the effects of RTN1 and RTN3 on BACE1 modulation. We show that RTN1 is mostly expressed by neurons and not by glial cells under normal conditions, similar to the expression of RTN3. However, RTN1 is more localized in dendrites and is an excellent marker for dendrites of Purkinje cells, while RTN3 expression is less evident in dendrites. This differential localization also correlates with their associations with amyloid plaques in Alzheimer’s brains: RTN3, but not RTN1, is abundantly enriched in dystrophic neurites. RTN3 deficiency causes elevation of BACE1 protein levels, while RTN1 deficiency shows no obvious effects on BACE1 activity due to compensation by RTN3, as RTN1 deficiency causes elevation of RTN3 expression. Hence, expression of RTN1 and RTN3 is tightly regulated in mouse brains. Together, our data show that RTN1 and RTN3 have differential effects on the formation of senile plaques in Alzheimer’s brains and that RTN3 has a more prominent role in Alzheimer’s pathogenesis.
Boiling and quenching heat transfer advancement by nanoscale surface modification
Authors: Hu Hong , Xu Cheng , Zhao Yang , Ziegler Kirk J. , Chung J. N. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAll power production, refrigeration, and advanced electronic systems depend on efficient heat transfer mechanisms for achieving high power density and best system efficiency. Breakthrough advancement in boiling and quenching phase-change heat transfer processes by nanoscale surface texturing can lead to higher energy transfer efficiencies, substantial energy savings, and global reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. This paper reports breakthrough advancements on both fronts of boiling and quenching. The critical heat flux (CHF) in boiling and the Leidenfrost point temperature (LPT) in quenching are the bottlenecks to the heat transfer advancements. As compared to a conventional aluminum surface, the current research reports a substantial enhancement of the CHF by 112% and an increase of the LPT by 40 K using an aluminum surface with anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) nanoporous texture finish. These heat transfer enhancements imply that the power density would increase by more than 100% and the quenching efficiency would be raised by 33%. A theory that links the nucleation potential of the surface to heat transfer rates has been developed and it successfully explains the current finding by revealing that the heat transfer modification and enhancement are mainly attributed to the superhydrophilic surface property and excessive nanoscale nucleation sites created by the nanoporous surface.
VGLL4 Selectively Represses YAP-Dependent Gene Induction and Tumorigenic Phenotypes in Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhang Yinglong , Shen He , Withers Henry G. , Yang Nuo , Denson Kayla E. , Mussell Ashley L. , Truskinovsky Alexander , Fan Qingyu , Gelman Irwin H. , Frangou Costa , Zhang Jianmin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMembers of the mammalian Vestigial-like (VGLL) family of transcriptional cofactors activate genes in response to a wide variety of environmental cues. Recently, VGLL proteins have been proposed to regulate key signaling networks involved in cancer development and progression. However, the biological and clinical significance of VGLL dysregulation in human breast cancer pathogenesis remains unknown. Here, we report that diminished VGLL4 expression, but not VGLL1-3, correlated with both shorter relapse-free survival and shorter disease-specific survival of cancer patients with different molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Additionally, we further demonstrate that overexpression of VGLL4 reduces breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, intravasation/extravasation potential, favors cell death, and suppresses tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, VGLL4 negatively regulates the TEAD1-YAP1 transcriptional complex and exerts its growth inhibitory control through its evolutionary conserved TDU2 domain at its C-terminus. The results suggest that VGLL4 is a candidate tumor suppressor gene which acts by selectively antagonizing YAP-dependent tumor growth. VGLL4 may be a promising therapeutic target in breast cancer.
High-Resolution Imaging of a Single Gliding Protofilament of Tubulins by HS-AFM
Authors: Keya Jakia Jannat , Inoue Daisuke , Suzuki Yuki , Kozai Toshiya , Ishikuro Daiki , Kodera Noriyuki , Uchihashi Takayuki , Kabir Arif Md. Rashedul , Endo Masayuki , Sada Kazuki , Kakugo Akira 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn vitro gliding assay of microtubules (MTs) on kinesins has provided us with valuable biophysical and chemo-mechanical insights of this biomolecular motor system. Visualization of MTs in an in vitro gliding assay has been mainly dependent on optical microscopes, limited resolution of which often render them insufficient sources of desired information. In this work, using high speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM), which allows imaging with higher resolution, we monitored MTs and protofilaments (PFs) of tubulins while gliding on kinesins. Moreover, under the HS-AFM, we also observed splitting of gliding MTs into single PFs at their leading ends. The split single PFs interacted with kinesins and exhibited translational motion, but with a slower velocity than the MTs. Our investigation at the molecular level, using the HS-AFM, would provide new insights to the mechanics of MTs in dynamic systems and their interaction with motor proteins.
Probing the Gas-Phase Dynamics of Graphene Chemical Vapour Deposition using in-situ UV Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Shivayogimath Abhay , Mackenzie David , Luo Birong , Hansen Ole , Bøggild Peter , Booth Timothy J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe processes governing multilayer nucleation in the chemical vapour deposition (CVD) of graphene are important for obtaining high-quality monolayer sheets, but remain poorly understood. Here we show that higher-order carbon species in the gas-phase play a major role in multilayer nucleation, through the use of in-situ ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectroscopy. These species are the volatilized products of reactions between hydrogen and carbon contaminants that have backstreamed into the reaction chamber from downstream system components. Consequently, we observe a dramatic suppression of multilayer nucleation when backstreaming is suppressed. These results point to an important and previously undescribed mechanism for multilayer nucleation, wherein higher-order gas-phase carbon species play an integral role. Our work highlights the importance of gas-phase dynamics in understanding the overall mechanism of graphene growth.
Increased overall cortical connectivity with syndrome specific local decreases suggested by atypical sleep-EEG synchronization in Williams syndrome
Authors: Gombos Ferenc , Bódizs Róbert , Kovács Ilona 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWilliams syndrome (7q11.23 microdeletion) is characterized by specific alterations in neurocognitive architecture and functioning, as well as disordered sleep. Here we analyze the region, sleep state and frequency-specific EEG synchronization of whole night sleep recordings of 21 Williams syndrome and 21 typically developing age- and gender-matched subjects by calculating weighted phase lag indexes. We found broadband increases in inter- and intrahemispheric neural connectivity for both NREM and REM sleep EEG of Williams syndrome subjects. These effects consisted of increased theta, high sigma, and beta/low gamma synchronization, whereas alpha synchronization was characterized by a peculiar Williams syndrome-specific decrease during NREM states (intra- and interhemispheric centro-temporal) and REM phases of sleep (occipital intra-area synchronization). We also found a decrease in short range, occipital connectivity of NREM sleep EEG theta activity. The striking increased overall synchronization of sleep EEG in Williams syndrome subjects is consistent with the recently reported increase in synaptic and dendritic density in stem-cell based Williams syndrome models, whereas decreased alpha and occipital connectivity might reflect and underpin the altered microarchitecture of primary visual cortex and disordered visuospatial functioning of Williams syndrome subjects.