bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy rates from ambient and frozen semen in Mpwapwa breed cattle after synchronisation
Authors: Kabuni Kabuni Thomas , Komba Erik , Laven Richard , Parkinson Tim , Peters Andrew 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Artificial insemination (AI) services for the TALIRI breed of cattle in Tanzania have been in abeyance for many years, largely due to difficulties of supply of liquid nitrogen to remote and rural areas. Historically, AI using unfrozen ambient temperature or chilled semen have been effective alternatives to cryopreserved (frozen) semen, so, potentially, AI using ambient temperature semen could form the basis of an AI service for the TALIRI region (and other similar areas across East Africa). However more testing is needed. In this study 301 TALIRI cows were synchronised using a standard 14-day double prostaglandin (PG) programme and randomly assigned to insemination with either frozen semen (F) or ambent temperature semen (AT). Cows that showed oestrus after the first PG were inseminated to that oestrus; all other cows were inseminated after second PG. Bulls were then run with the cows for 60 days, after which conception rates to AI and overall pregnanvcy rates were determined by transrectal ultrasonography. Conception rates to AI for AT cows were 62% (94/151) and 38% (58/152) for F (RR for AT versus F: 1.63 (1.27–2.1)), while final pregnancy rates were 96% (145/151) for AT semen and 92% (140/152) for F semen. In this study, the conception rate to AI with ambient temperature semen was at least as good as that with frozen semen. It therefore demonstrates the feasibility of using PG synchronization and fixed time AI with AT to breed Mpwapwa cattle in rural Tanzania.
Wastewater as an Early Indicator for Short-Term Forecasting COVID-19 Hospitalization in Germany
Authors: Botz Jonas , Thiel Steffen , Abderrahmani Amal , Roehn Pauline , Kannt Aimo , Fröhlich Holger 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected daily life and posed significant challenges for politics, the economy, and the education system. To better prepare for such situations and implement effective measures, it is crucial to accurately assess, monitor, and forecast the progression of a pandemic. This study examines the potential of integrating wastewater surveillance data to enhance an autoregressive COVID-19 forecasting model for Germany and its federal states.
Methods
We explore the correlations between viral load measured in wastewater and COVID-19 hospitalization. The study compares the performance of autoregressive models, including Random Forest regressors, XGBoost regressors, ARIMA models, linear regression, and ridge regression models, both with and without the use of wastewater data as predictors. For decision tree-based models, we also analyze the performance of fully cross-modal models that rely solely on viral load measurements to predict COVID-19 hospitalization rates.
Results
Our findings suggest that wastewater data can serve as an early warning indicator of impending trends in hospitalization at a national level, as it shows a strong correlation with hospitalization figures and tends to lead them by six to seven days. Despite this, including wastewater data in the prediction models did not significantly enhance the accuracy of COVID-19 hospitalization forecasts. The ARIMA model emerged as the best-performing model, achieving a Mean Absolute Percentage Error of 4.69%. However, wastewater viral load proved to be a valuable standalone predictor, offering a cost-effective and objective alternative to classical surveillance methods for monitoring pandemic trends.
Conclusion
This study reinforces the potential of wastewater surveillance as an early warning tool for COVID-19 hospitalizations in Germany. While strong correlations were observed, the integration of wastewater data into predictive models did not improve their performance. Nevertheless, wastewater viral load serves as a valuable indicator for monitoring pandemic trends, suggesting its utility in public health surveillance and resource allocation. Future research should explore broader applications of wastewater data for other pathogens and in conjunction with diverse data sources.
A rare case of autoimmune hemolytic anemia secondary to HCV/HIV coinfection complicated with chronic kidney disease
Authors: sabouri Reza 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is an acquired disorder characterized by destruction of RBCs auto-antibodies, leading to varying degrees of anemia, from mild to life-threatening. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can trigger autoimmunity complications including Autoimmune hemolytic anemia through various molecular mechanisms. Moreover AIHA is considered a rare extrahepatic manifestation of hepatitis-C virus. HCV/HIV coinfection increases the risk of AIHA incidence
Case report:
A 42-year-old male patient with a history of IV drug abuse and chronic HCV/HIV coinfection referred to the emergency center with complaints of lethargy, fatigue and shortness of breath. The patient’s past medical history revealed that he was nondiabetic and non-hypertensive and nonalcoholic. In the physical examination, icteric sclera and mild splenomegaly were evident. Considering the severe anemia (Hgb: 3.9 mg/dl), hyperbilirubinemia (Total/direct bilirubin: 2.5/0.6 mg/dl), elevated LDH, splenomegaly, positive HCV and HIV serological tests and positive coombs test, diagnosis of AIHA secondary to HIV/HCV was entertained.
Discussion:
We presented a rare case of AIHA secondary to HCV/HIV co-infection with concurrent acute severe hepatitis and ESRD. The exact cause of increased CKD risk in HCV-HIV co-infected individuals remains unclear. Chronic HCV infection is associated with increased deterioration of renal function and incidence of ESRD and CKD. A wide range of kidney diseases might occur in HIV positive Patients and HCV/HIV coinfection is associated with aggravation of renal failure. CKD risk is higher in HCV co-infected patients compared to those with HIV mono-infection.
Conclusion:
AIHA is rare cause of anemia and a potentially life-threatening phenomena in HCV/HIV infected individuals. A high degree of clinical suspicion for AIHA diagnosis in patients with HCV/HIV coinfected is crucial for proper management. Moreover HCV/HIV coinfection is associated with progression to CKD.
Weakening the CO2 Greenhouse Effect via Stratospheric Aerosol Injection
Authors: He Haozhe , Soden Brian , Vecchi Gabriel , Yang Wenchang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) represents one of the primary potential options for intentionally modifying the climate to offset the warming from increasing greenhouse gases. The hypothesized strategy typically involves the injection of scattering aerosols in the lower stratosphere to increase the amount of sunlight reflected to space, thereby reducing the amount of sunlight absorbed by Earth. We demonstrate a new and potentially more efficient approach to SAI, using it to induce a weakening of the Earth’s greenhouse effect. We show that the injection of absorptive aerosols in the upper stratosphere (~ 10 hPa) increases the emission of top-of-atmosphere infrared radiation. Warming the emission level of CO2 weakens the greenhouse effect by altering the thermal structure of the upper stratosphere rather than the concentration of greenhouse gases. Climate model simulations indicate that the reduction in global temperatures induced through this process is an order of magnitude larger (per unit aerosol mass) than the injection of more traditional reflective aerosols. These results argue for further research into the possible impacts, particularly unintended deleterious side effects, of injecting absorptive aerosols in the upper stratosphere as a potential alternative strategy for solar radiation management.
Formula - synchronized nutrient fertilizer designed based on crop nutrient absorption characteristics and fertilizer nutrient release characteristics and its fertilizer efficiency verification
Authors: Zhang Xiaolong , Zhao Li , Huang Qilong , Pang Bowen , Zhou Zhuoyi , Lu Ying 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Rational fertilization has dual effects on maintaining high yield of banana and protecting the environment. To explore the effect of fertilization scheme based on banana nutrient absorption characteristics and fertilizer nutrient release characteristics on improving banana nutrient absorption efficiency and yield, in order to provide technical solutions for the green and sustainable development of banana industry. Zhongjiao No.9 was used as the tested banana variety. Firstly, the total nutrient accumulation of banana plants at mature stage was measured. Based on this, the formula fertilizer ( total nutrient amount and proportion ) of banana was calculated. Then, according to the nutrient release characteristics of fertilizer, the ratio of conventional fertilizer ( available nutrient ) and controlled release fertilizer ( controlled release nutrient ) was reasonably matched, and the fertilization scheme ( formula-synchronous nutrient fertilizer ) with nutrient release characteristics of fertilizer and nutrient absorption characteristics of banana in time dimension was further obtained. Finally, the field experiment was used to verify the application effect of the formula-synchronous nutrient fertilizer, and the differences in growth and development, nutrient accumulation and yield of banana plants were observed, and the reasons for the differences were analyzed. The results showed that compared with the conventional fertilizer treatment, the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the whole growth period of banana plants treated with formula-synchronous nutrient fertilizer was significantly increased by 8.66 %, 11.54 % and 19.55 %, respectively. The nutrient absorption efficiency was significantly increased by 35.72 %, 94.85 % and 29.41 %, respectively. The fresh weight and dry weight of banana plants were significantly increased by 20.93 % and 56.14 %, respectively, and the yield of banana was significantly increased by 7.03 %. Based on the nutrient absorption characteristics of banana and the nutrient release characteristics of fertilizer, the formula-synchronous nutrient fertilizer can effectively improve the absorption and utilization efficiency of banana nutrients, thereby improving the nutrient status of banana plants, and finally obtaining higher banana yield. Therefore, formula-synchronous nutrient fertilizer is an economical and environmentally friendly fertilization scheme, which can provide a choice for the green and sustainable development of banana industry.
Predicting RNA modifications by nanopore sequencing: The RMaP challenge
Authors: Alagna Nicolò , Spangenberg Jannes , Mündnich Stefan , Busch Anne , Pastore Stefan , Wierczeiko Anna , Goettsch Winfried , Dietrich Vincent , Pryszcz Leszek , Cruciani Sonia , Novoa Eva Maria , Joshi Kandarp , Perera Ranjan , Giorgio Salvatore Di , Arrubarrena Paola , Tellioglu Irem , Poon Chi-Lam , Wan Yuk , Göke Jonathan , Hildebrand Andreas , Dieterich Christoph , Helm Mark , Marz Manja , Gerber Susanne 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The field of epitranscriptomics is undergoing a technology-driven revolution. During past decades, RNA modifications like N6-methyladenosine (m6A), pseudouridine (ψ), and 5-methylcytosine (m5C) became acknowledged for playing critical roles in gene expression regulation, RNA stability, and translation efficiency. Among modification-aware sequencing approaches, direct RNA sequencing by Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) enabled the detection of modifications in native RNA, by capturing and storing properties of noncanonical RNA nucleosides in raw data. Consequently, the field's cutting edge has a heavy component in computer science, opening new avenues of cooperation across the community, as exchanging data is as impactful as exchanging samples. Therefore, we seize the occasion to bring scientists together within the RMaP challenge to advance solutions for RNA modification detection and discuss current ideas, problems and approaches. Here, we show several computational methods to detect the most researched mRNA modifications (m6A, ψ, and m5C). Results demonstrate that a low prediction error and a high prediction accuracy can be achieved on these modifications across different approaches and algorithms. The RMaP challenge marks a substantial step towards improving algorithms' comparability, reliability, and consistency in RNA modification prediction. It points out the deficits in this young field that need to be addressed in further challenges.
Environmental Impact Assessment Report (Eia) on Proposed Dualisation of Ijegun-ijegemo to Abule-ado Road Network, Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Babatunde Ameen , and Ajayi A. O , Akeem Akindele 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The Lagos State Government plans to construct a 19 km road network connecting Abule Ado to Ijegun-Ijegemo Alape canoe side. This initiative aims to alleviate traffic congestion along LASU/Iba road and address growing access needs in the area. An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) has been completed to assess the project's potential environmental and social effects, including strategies to mitigate negative impacts and enhance positive ones. Field surveys identified and documented environmental impacts, while consultations involved various stakeholders such as local authorities and affected individuals. The EIA adheres to Nigerian Government regulations and guidelines from the Federal Ministry of Environment and NESREA. The proposed route will traverse Abule Ado (Latitude 06.45789, Longitude 03.25520), Alape/Arandun (Longitude 06.50612, Latitude 03.20202), and Befun (Longitude 06.50686, Latitude 03.22934), reaching Ijegun Ijeododo (Longitude 06.50695, Latitude 03.27605). The project, located in the Ojo Local Government Area of Lagos, Nigeria, is designed to significantly improve local infrastructure and traffic flow.
The investigation of relationship between allergic rhinitis with forward head posture and anxiety in children
Authors: Maddah Tahere , Daneshmandi Hasan , Alizade Mohammad Hossein , Rahmati Mohammad Bagher 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Forward head posture is a common postural issue across all age groups, often linked to the overuse of electronic devices such as computers, smartphones, and tablets, leading to poor posture in children. Allergic rhinitis is also prevalent in children, but its effects on musculoskeletal and psychological health are not well understood.
Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationship between allergic rhinitis, forward head posture, and anxiety levels in Iranian children aged 7-12 years.
Materials and Methods: Fifty children aged 7-12 were recruited from the Allergy-Infection Clinic at Bandar Abbas Children's Hospital. The participants were divided into two groups: 25 healthy children and 25 children diagnosed with allergic rhinitis. Anxiety levels were assessed using the Spence Anxiety Scale, while forward head posture was measured by analyzing photographs of the children’s body profiles using AutoCAD software.
Results: Of the total participants, 24 children (46%) exhibited a forward head posture, defined as a craniovertebral angle of less than 48 degrees. Among these, 14 (56%) were in the allergic rhinitis group and 10 (40%) were in the healthy group. However, there was no statistically significant association between allergic rhinitis, forward head posture, and anxiety based on age, gender, or duration of nasal allergy.
Conclusion: The study found no significant relationship between allergic rhinitis, forward head posture, and anxiety. The findings highlight the need for increased awareness of proper posture, particularly in relation to the use of electronic devices, and the importance of evaluating postural disorders in children.
Alternative Paramedic Roles: An International Perspective
Authors: Feerick Fintan , Coughlan Eoin , Knox Shane , Murphy Adrian , Grady Ivan O , Deasy Conor 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
While paramedicine is an evolving profession globally, there remain many disparities around titles and roles within the various jurisdictions that may not be fully captured in the literature. The aim of this study is to gain an international perspective on current and future roles within the field of paramedicine.
Methods
A mixed-methods approach was adopted for this survey, using both quantitative and qualitative data, and a link to the survey was distributed to international participants within the field of paramedicine through email, journals, and social media platforms.
Results
The study gathered responses from 158 participants representing 59 organisations across 16 countries. Ireland had the highest number of respondents (n = 56), followed by Australia (n = 41), and England (n = 21). Participants outlined (n = 54), current paramedic roles and (n = 39), future roles planned within their respective organizations. Participants described (n = 86), aspirational, non-traditional roles that they felt paramedics may adopt into the future. Respondents practitioner titles varied across a range of clinical, managerial, and academic specialties, with (n = 33) examples provided. Clinical level of practitioner available within the respondents organisations provided (n = 41), descriptions. Various ambulance care models were identified (n = 24), with various combinations. Paramedic medical oversight was predominantly provided by a physician, (n = 56), although (n = 22) other examples were described. Regulation of paramedic practice provided (n = 8), descriptions of regulatory bodies, and (n = 9) paramedic models of regulation described. Respondents described (n = 10), descriptions of patient safety framework models within the relevant organizations. Qualitative data did not require thematic analysis and respondents’ free text was recorded and transcribed verbatim.
Conclusion
Gaps in the healthcare provision are creating new innovative opportunities for a rapidly evolving paramedic profession. Paramedicine is evolving in response based often on local or sectoral need. Rather than trying to standardise practice perhaps an alternative approach might be to simply accept that paramedicine is a domain of practice and health profession that specialises across a range and variety of clinical settings and focus on creating and maintaining omnipotent healthcare practitioners adaptable to societal needs within a well governed health system.
MMX Rover MECSS - Separation from the Mothership: Multibody Simulation Analysis of the Ejection
Authors: Pignède Antoine , Buse Fabian , Grundmann Jan Thimo , Reershemius Siebo , Patscheider Hagen , Wippermann Torben , Lange Michael , Mierheim Olaf , Meyer Sebastian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This is a report about the simulation study of a lightweight rover being separated from a larger spacecraft in vicinity of a small Solar system body. Monte Carlo simulation and statistical analysis estimate the rate of requirement violation depending on uncertain rover and separation mechanism parameters. During the rover development phase, the full Monte Carlo analysis is only done with a simplified model. The first iterations show relatively high probability of non-compliance with requirements. Model refinement and more precise hardware values lead to the final assessment that separation meets the requirements within a ∼ 2 σ region. A more detailed model serves for analysis of selected samples during the development phase. For this model, a full Monte Carlo analysis is only done close to the end once the parameter ranges are fixed, mostly for time reasons. This more detailed analysis in general confirms the ∼ 2 σ requirement meeting. The main difference with the simplified model is the much larger number of outliers, a few of which also violate the allocated volume for the rover in proximity of the mothership.
Insight into the structure and chemical durability of Cr-bearing lead crystal glass
Authors: Brunswic Lea , Angeli Frederic , Charpentier Thibault , Gin Stephane , Gardie Lea , Tarrago Mariona , Cotte Marine , Losno Remi , Cormier Laurent , Hullebusch Eric van , Neuville Daniel 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The scientific understanding and demonstration of the immobilization of heavy metals (notably lead and chromium) in food contact materials is crucial for the safety of environment and humans. To tackle this issue lead crystal glasses doped between 50 and 2000 ppm of chromium oxide were carried out under severe aqueous alteration conditions (acetic acid 4% (v/v), pH 2.4, 70°C, 330 days). The increase in Cr leads to a decrease in the Pb release into the solution. The leached Cr content was lower than Pb, itself much lower than alkali ones. Structural characterization before and after alteration points out the presence of Cr(III) exclusively, with no redox changes in the course of alteration. Cr and Pb are partially retained during alteration near cationic domains, less accessible to protonated species. Cr favors the Si recondensation in the rich non-bridging oxygen (NBO) mixing sites, leading in an increase of glass polymerization within the altered layer.
Exploring the Causal Relationships Between Brain Functional Networks and Psychiatric Disorders: A Mendelian Randomization Approach
Authors: Xi Qiufen , Sun Yu , Sun Jian , Wang Wanteng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
Numerous studies have reported brain functional network impairments in individuals with psychiatric disorders; however, the causal relationships between the two remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the potential causal relationships between resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) phenotypes and psychiatric disorders via Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.
Method:
Employing a bidirectional two-sample MR analysis approach, this study assessed the associations between 191 rsfMRI phenotypes and 9 psychiatric disorders. Genetic variations were utilized as instrumental variables, ensuring the minimization of confounding factors in accordance with Mendel's laws of inheritance. Causal inferences were drawn by selecting genetic variants that were directly associated with the exposure variables and excluding those that might influence outcomes via alternative pathways. The study employed various statistical methods, including inverse variance weighting, the weighted median, and the MR Egger method, to evaluate causal relationships and adjusted for false discovery rates among outcomes.
Results:
The study identified significant causal associations between 21 rsfMRI phenotypes and five psychiatric disorders. For instance, in anxiety disorders, increased neural activity intensity in the parietal, frontal, and temporal lobes, along with enhanced functional connectivity between the attention, central executive, and default mode networks, are significantly associated with an increased risk of anxiety disorders. With respect to dementia, increased activity in the frontal lobe region was associated with a higher risk of dementia, and increased functional connectivity between the salience network and the central executive network was also linked to an increased risk of dementia.
Conclusion:
The findings of this study support the causal relationships between rsfMRI and psychiatric disorders, offering new insights for future prevention and treatment strategies.