bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Renal contrast microangiography with synchrotron radiation: a novel method for visualizing structures within nephrons in vivo
Authors: Miya Ken , Matsushita Shonosuke , Hyodo Kazuyuki , Tokunaga Chiho , Sakamoto Hiroaki , Mizutani Taro , Hiramatsu Yuji 
Published: July 2016

Background No non-invasive method of observing renal microcirculation in vivo has been established as yet. Although angiography is considered to be ideally suited for the purpose, conventional X-rays cannot be used to image structures smaller than 100 µm. Purpose To develop a method for visualizing the renal arterioles, glomeruli, and proximal tubules of rats in vivo making use of synchrotron radiation. Material and Methods Male Wistar rats were anesthetized, and a catheter was inserted via laparotomy into the abdominal aorta with its tip placed above the renal arteries. The rats were paralyzed with a neuromuscular blocking agent and mechanically ventilated. An inorganic iodine contrast medium was injected via the catheter. The SR derived X-rays transmitted through the subjects were recorded with a CCD camera. Two-dimensional images with a pixel size of 9 µm were obtained. The exposure time was fixed at 50 ms, with a maximum acquisition rate of three images/s. Results Renal arterioles as small as 18 µm in diameter, glomeruli with an average diameter of 173 ± 21 µm, as well as proximal tubules, were clearly visualized. In addition, glomerular density at the peripheral renal cortex was measurable. Conclusion Rat renal microcirculation could be successfully observed in real-time, without exteriorization of the kidney in this study.
The added value of an electronic monitoring and alerting system in the management of medication-overuse headache: A controlled multicentre study
Authors: Tassorelli Cristina , Jensen Rigmor , Allena Marta , De Icco Roberto , Katsarava Zaza , Miguel Lainez J , Leston Jorge A , Fadic Ricardo , Spadafora Santiago , Pagani Marco , Nappi Giuseppe ,   the COMOESTAS Consortium
Published: July 2016

Background Medication-overuse headache (MOH) is a chronic disabling condition associated with a high rate of relapse. Methods We evaluated whether the adoption of electronic-assisted monitoring, advice and communication would improve the outcome over a follow-up of 6 months in a controlled, multicentre, multinational study conducted in six headache centres located in Europe and Latin America. A total of 663 MOH subjects were enrolled and divided into two groups: the Comoestas group was monitored with an electronic diary associated with an alert system and a facilitated communication option, and the Classic group with a paper headache diary. Results We observed a significantly higher percentage of overuse-free subjects in the Comoestas group compared with the Classic group: 73.1 vs 64.1% (odds ratio 1.45, 95% confidence interval 1.07–2.09, p = 0.046). The Comoestas group performed better also regarding the number of days/month with intake of acute drugs and the level of disability [Migraine Disability Assessment Score: Comoestas group – 42.5 ± 53.6 (35.5–49.3) and Classic group – 27.5 ± 56.1 (20.6–34.3) ( p < 0.003)]. Conclusion The adoption of the electronic tool improved the outcome of patients suffering from MOH after withdrawal from overused drugs. Information and communication technology represents a valid aid for optimizing the management of chronic conditions at risk of worsening or of relapsing. Trial registration The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (no. NCT02435056).
A History of the Academy of Human Resource Development
Authors: Watkins Karen E. 
Published: July 2016

The Problem As the founders of the Academy of Human Resource Development [AHRD] begin to retire, the story of the evolution of this academic field has not been captured. The Solution This issue looks at the early beginnings of an academic emphasis in human resource development (HRD) and the professional association they formed to support and enhance academic programs from the voices of those who have played key roles in the founding of the Academy. The Stakeholders What is important to practitioners to know is that this association is part of a larger process of professionalization and certification of practitioners in the field. These efforts have the potential to ensure that all who practice in HRD are recognized as professionals with a unique body of knowledge. For scholars, theory development in HRD has been a significant thrust of several of the scholars included in this issue, and some of the articles proposed have the potential to identify areas where we need to encourage new theory development. Practitioners will find a thread that connects the mission of the AHRD to advance the profession through research with the way HRD professionals are educated at the institutions offering these degrees. At the same time, in the reciprocal and reflexive nature of this field, practice also helps shape the research agenda.
Novel oral anticoagulants for the secondary prevention of cerebral ischemia: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Katsanos Aristeidis H. , Mavridis Dimitris , Parissis John , Deftereos Spyridon , Frogoudaki Alexandra , Vrettou Agathi-Rosa , Ikonomidis Ignatios , Chondrogianni Maria , Safouris Apostolos , Filippatou Angeliki , Voumvourakis Konstantinos , Triantafyllou Nikos , Ellul John , Karapanayiotides Theodore , Giannopoulos Sotirios , Alexandrov Anne W. , Alexandrov Andrei V. , Tsivgoulis Georgios 
Published: July 2016

Background: Novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have shown to be both safe and effective for ischemic stroke prevention in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). We conducted a network meta-analysis (NMA) using published data from secondary prevention subgroups of different phase III randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing individual NOACs with warfarin. Methods: Eligible studies were identified by searching MEDLINE and SCOPUS and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. First, we conducted a pairwise meta-analysis for each pairwise comparison, and then we performed NMA to combine direct and indirect evidence for any given pair of treatments. The comparative effects of all NOACs against warfarin were ranked with the surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) curve for each outcome. Results: We identified four RCTs (including 15,240 patients) comparing individual NOACs (apixaban, dabigatran, rivaroxaban) with warfarin. Using indirect evidence, dabigatran was related to a significantly lower risk of hemorrhagic stroke compared with rivaroxaban [risk ratio (RR) 0.28; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.11–0.75], while rivaroxaban was associated with a significantly lower risk of major gastrointestinal bleeding compared with dabigatran (RR 0.14; 95% CI 0.03–0.74). We also performed clustered ranking plot for the primary efficacy and safety endpoints to identify the treatment with the probably best benefit-to-risk ratio profile. Conclusions: The three NOACs showed differences in terms of safety and efficacy for secondary stroke prevention in NVAF. Our findings can serve only as hypothesis generation and require independent confirmation in head-to-head RCTs, owing to the sparse available evidence and increased uncertainty in both indirect effect estimates and ranking of treatments.
Training to enhance psychiatrist communication with patients
with psychosis (TEMPO): cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: McCabe Rose , John Paula , Dooley Jemima , Healey Patrick , Cushing Annie , Kingdon David , Bremner Stephen , Priebe Stefan 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundA better therapeutic relationship predicts better outcomes. However,
there is no trial-based evidence on how to improve therapeutic
relationships in psychosis.AimsTo test the effectiveness of communication training for psychiatrists on
improving shared understanding and the therapeutic relationship (trial
registration: ISRCTN94846422).MethodIn a cluster randomised controlled trial in the UK, 21 psychiatrists were
randomised. Ninety-seven (51% of those approached) out-patients with
schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder were recruited, and 64 (66% of the
sample recruited at baseline) were followed up after 5 months. The
intervention group received four group and one individualised session.
The primary outcome, rated blind, was psychiatrist effort in establishing
shared understanding (self-repair). Secondary outcome was the therapeutic
relationship.ResultsPsychiatrists receiving the intervention used 44% more self-repair than
the control group (adjusted difference in means 6.4, 95% CI 1.46–11.33,
P<0.011, a large effect) adjusting for baseline
self-repair. Psychiatrists rated the therapeutic relationship more
positively (adjusted difference in means 0.20, 95% CI 0.03–0.37,
P = 0.022, a medium effect), as did patients
(adjusted difference in means 0.21, 95% CI 0.01–0.41, P
= 0.043, a medium effect).ConclusionsShared understanding can be successfully targeted in training and
improves relationships in treating psychosis.
US NCI's Center for Global Health Regional Centers for Research Excellence Program to Support Research Infrastructure on Non-Communicable Diseases, Mental Health and Injuries (NCDs)
Authors: Silkensen Shannon L. , Flanigan John S. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract 78 In many low and middle-income countries (LMICs) there is a marked need to build or enhance research infrastructure to support basic, translational, clinical, and population science on non-communicable diseases, mental health and injuries (NCDs). To support this growing need, the NCI's Center for Global Health recently invited investigators throughout the world to apply for Planning Grants for Regional Infrastructure Centers (RCREs) for the coordination of research on NCDs in LMICs. The purpose of the funding opportunity (FOA) is to facilitate the planning and designing of RCRE that will build on collaborative partnerships among investigators from institutions in high-income countries (HICs)/ Upper Middle Income Countries (UMIC) and LMICs. The presentation will provide details of the opportunity for funding from the NCI, how partnerships can be created, the requirements for the application to the program and its multiple funding timelines, and early information about the program's global reach. The NCI Center for Global Health encourages the CUGH community to examine and become involved in this this opportunity as primary or partner applicants. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: No COIs from either author.
An Analysis of Treatment Failure in Wilms Tumor (WT): A Report from the Central American Association of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (AHOPCA)
Authors: Valverde Patricia , Ortiz Roberta , Fuentes-Alabi Soad , Peña Armando , Montero Margarita , Ortega Miguel , Wilimas Judy , Fernandez-Pineda Israel , Metzger Monika , Spreafico Filippo 
Published: July 2016

Abstract 57 Background: Patients with WT in AHOPCA present late with large abdominal masses, in poor clinical condition. This analysis focuses on treatment failure. Methods: Between 2012 and 2015, 182 evaluable patients were diagnosed with unilateral WT. Patients were staged with abdominal ultrasound/computed tomography and thorax radiograph/CT. Therapy was adapted from National Wilms Tumor Study-5 except for patients with large abdominal masses and/or severe malnutrition who received preoperative doxorubicin, vincristine, actinomycin-D for 4 to 6 weeks. Treatment failure was defined as abandonment of therapy, recurrent/progressive disease (PD), and death: early (< 2 weeks from diagnosis) or toxic (> 2 weeks after diagnosis). Results: 49% were male; 23% were <2 years (median age 3.5y). Stage distribution: I, 8; II, 21; III, 116; IV, 37 cases. For 123/181 (68%) preoperative therapy was warranted (volume 579cm3). Treatment failures were: recurrence/PD 28; abandonment 19; early death 3, and toxic death 2. 2/29 (7%) patients with stage I/II suffered recurrence/PD, 13/116 (11%) stage III, and 13/37 (35%) stage IV. Most failures were metastatic (68%). Abandonment-sensitive 3-years EFS was 68%±0.04% (SE) for the all stages, 77%±0.043% abandonment-censored, and abandonment-sensitive OS was 71%±0.05%. Conclusion: Multicenter protocol-driven therapy tailored to fit regional needs is feasible in patients with WT. Abandonment remains a challenge as do early and toxic deaths due to advanced disease presentations in fragile children. Compared to previous eras 2000-2004 (3-year EFS 50%±4.3% and 2005-2011 (3-year EFS 59%±3.1%) survivals continue to improve. This improvement reflects the engagement of the whole multidisciplinary team including surgery, radiation oncology, and pathology. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: No COIs from the authors.
Knowledge and Attitudes of a Cohort of Male University Students in Jamaica Regarding Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and the HPV Vaccine
Authors: Parkinson Sean , Bambury Ian , Rattray Carole 
Published: July 2016

Abstract 51 Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in Jamaica with an incidence of 17.4/100,000. (1). Cervical cancer is acquired sexually, with the human papilloma virus (HPV) being the most important causative agent (2,3). HPV infection is associated with the development of other cancers such as anogenital, vaginal, vulvar and anal cancers in women, and penile and anal cancers in men.(2) It is also responsible for genital warts and oropharyngeal cancer in both men and women. Two vaccines were approved for the prevention of cervical cancer by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and are available in Jamaica (4,5). This study assessed the knowledge and attitudes in a male cohort towards HPV and HPV vaccine. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in which two hundred male students were recruited. Information for this study was gathered from responses given in a self-administered questionnaire. Data was analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 22.6 years. 50.5% stated that they had heard of HPV. Of those who knew of the HPV, only 37.6% vs 39.6% of respondents reported that sexual intercourse was a requirement for HPV transmission, while 22.8% did not know. 43% reported knowing that HPV causes genital warts and 42% knew of an association with cervical cancer. 16.5% of the respondents knew of the HPV vaccine. Only 21.2% knew that the HPV vaccine protects against cervical cancer while the remaining 78.8% either said that it didn't provide protection or did not know. 15.3% knew that the vaccine is approved for both males and females while 84.7% did not know. Conclusion: There was significant knowledge deficit in the awareness of HPV and the HPV vaccine in our male university students. Gibson, T.N., et al., Age-specific incidence of cancer in Kingston and St. Andrew, Jamaica, 2003-2007. West Indian Med J, 2010. 59(5): p. 456-64. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Basic information about HPV –associated cancers. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/hpv/basic_info . 2013. Bosch, F.X. and S. de Sanjose, Chapter 1: Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer-- burden and assessment of causality. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr, 2003(31): p. 3-13. FDA licensure of bivalent Human Papillomavirus vaccine (HPV2,Cervarix) for use in females and updated vaccination recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) .Centers For Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). MMWR Morb Mort Wkly Rep, 2010(59): p. 626-9. FDA, “FDA Approves New Vaccine Indication for Gardasil to Prevent Genital Warts in Men and Boys,” Bethesda, Md, USA. 2009. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: No COIs from the authors.
Implants for Cost-Effective and Accessible Treatment of Gynecologic and Gastrointestinal Cancer Metastasis by Local and Sustained Low-Dose Chemotherapy
Authors: Mantzavinou Aikaterini , Cima Michael J. , Tanenbaum Laura Melanie 
Published: July 2016

Abstract 46 Gynecologic and gastrointestinal malignancies are two of the most prevalent cancer types in low and middle- income countries (LMICs), affecting more than 2 million individuals and killing more than 1 million patients annually. These malignancies at an advanced stage metastasize locally but extensively; this spread is a primary cause of morbidity and mortality, affecting 60-80% of patients in LMICs. Localized chemotherapy can benefit survival of patients with such metastases. Localized chemotherapy is, however, essentially unattainable in resource-limited settings, even though many chemotherapy agents are on the WHO list of essential medicines and are currently off patent. This is because of the high cost of, and frequent hospitalizations required under, the current regimen, as well as the morbidity of bolus dosing. Continuous, low-dose chemotherapy via a locally implanted device can address these adoption barriers. Previous attempts to create implants for localized chemotherapy delivery have been hindered by poorly controlled drug release and inhibiting form factors. This work explores the development of a nonresorbable and laparoscopically deployable implant to administer continuous low-dose chemotherapy. The feasibility of chemotherapy using the proposed implant in LMICs is assessed using physician interviews and literature reviews. Tissue-like silicone elastomers are used to create a matrix-type drug delivery implant that minimizes soft tissue irritation and risk of rupture while allowing laparoscopic manipulation. The synthesis and drug release profile of the silicone-based matrix are characterized for small hydrophilic active agents. Configurations allowing implant deployment through laparoscopic instruments are explored. Proof-of-concept controlled release of a hydrophilic small molecule from a lipophilic, tissue-like silicone elastomer that can be scaled to human form factors is thus established. Localized, low-dose chemotherapy delivered via a fully implantable device holds promise to dramatically reduce the cost and resources necessary for treating advanced-stage gynecologic and gastrointestinal malignancies in LMICs, improving cancer patient outcomes in resource-limited settings. AUTHORS’ DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: Aikaterini Mantzavinou No relationship to disclose Michael J. Cima Leadership: T2 Biosystems, MicroChips Biotechnologies, Taris BioMedical Stock or Other Ownership: T2 Biosystems, MicroChips Biotechnologies, Taris BioMedical Research Funding: Pfizer Patents, Royalties, Other Intellectual Property: Too many to describe (over 50 patents) Expert Testimony: Apotex Laura Melanie Tanenbaum Patents, Royalties, Other Intellectual Property: System and Method for Sterile Sheathing of a Medical Probe
How to find home backwards? Locomotion and inter-leg coordination during rearward walking ofCataglyphis fortisdesert ants
Authors: Pfeffer Sarah E. , Wahl Verena L. , Wittlinger Matthias 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTFor insects, flexibility in the performance of terrestrial locomotion is a vital part of facing the challenges of their often unpredictable environment. Arthropods such as scorpions and crustaceans can switch readily from forward to backward locomotion, but in insects this behaviour seems to be less common and, therefore, is only poorly understood. Here we present an example of spontaneous and persistent backward walking in Cataglyphis desert ants that allows us to investigate rearward locomotion within a natural context. When ants find a food item that is too large to be lifted up and to be carried in a normal forward-faced orientation, they will drag the load walking backwards to their home nest. A detailed examination of this behaviour reveals a surprising flexibility of the locomotor output. Compared with forward walks with regular tripod coordination, no main coordination pattern can be assigned to rearward walks. However, we often observed leg-pair-specific stepping patterns. The front legs frequently step with small stride lengths, while the middle and the hind legs are characterized by less numerous but larger strides. But still, these specializations show no rigidly fixed leg coupling, nor are they strictly embedded within a temporal context; therefore, they do not result in a repetitive coordination pattern. The individual legs act as separate units, most likely to better maintain stability during backward dragging.
How to find home backwards? Navigation during rearward homing of Cataglyphis fortis desert ants
Authors: Pfeffer Sarah E. , Wittlinger Matthias 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Cataglyphis ants are renowned for their impressive navigation skills, which have been studied in numerous experiments during forward locomotion. However, the ants' navigational performance during backward homing when dragging large food loads has not been investigated until now. During backward locomotion, the odometer has to deal with unsteady motion and irregularities in inter-leg coordination. The legs' sensory feedback during backward walking is not just a simple reversal of the forward stepping movements: compared with forward homing, ants are facing towards the opposite direction during backward dragging. Hence, the compass system has to cope with a flipped celestial view (in terms of the polarization pattern and the position of the sun) and an inverted retinotopic image of the visual panorama and landmark environment. The same is true for wind and olfactory cues. In this study we analyze for the first time backward-homing ants and evaluate their navigational performance in channel and open field experiments. Backward-homing Cataglyphis fortis desert ants show remarkable similarities in the performance of homing compared with forward-walking ants. Despite the numerous challenges emerging for the navigational system during backward walking, we show that ants perform quite well in our experiments. Direction and distance gauging was comparable to that of the forward-walking control groups. Interestingly, we found that backward-homing ants often put down the food item and performed foodless search loops around the left food item. These search loops were mainly centred around the drop-off position (and not around the nest position), and increased in length the closer the ants came to their fictive nest site.
How Much Does Honesty Cost? Small Bonuses Can Motivate Ethical Behavior
Authors: Wang Long , Murnighan J. Keith 
Published: July 2016

Although people generally try to avoid lying, the lure of potential monetary payoffs often leads to unethical behavior. The current research investigates whether small monetary rewards for honesty help people resist the temptations of larger incentives or whether they backfire and lead to even more dishonesty. Four experiments address these issues. Experiment 1 shows that a $1 bonus led people to act more honestly when they could have lied to obtain $4; an identical bonus, however, did not increase dishonesty. Experiment 2 uses a different context and again shows that a $1 bonus led people to act more honestly; it also finds no evidence that this small payoff crowded out subsequent altruistic behavior. Experiment 3 shows that a $1 bonus increased people’s honesty even when the payoffs for lying increased to $8, $12, and $16, but not when the payoff for lying increased to $20. Experiment 4 finds that smaller bonuses for honesty still had an impact, although it tended to be somewhat weaker. In addition, compared with no bonus, the combined effect of several small monetary bonuses (1 dollar, 75 cents, 50 cents, and 25 cents) marginally reduced lying. Data are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2480 . This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.