bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Haemoglobin responses to transfusion in severe iron deficiency anaemia: potential impact of gastrointestinal disorders
Authors: Bosch X. , Montori E. , Guerra‐García M. , Costa‐Rodríguez J. , Quintanilla M. H. , Tolosa‐Chapasian P. E. , Moreno P. , Guasch N. , López‐Soto A. 
Published: February 2017

Background and ObjectivesRed blood cell (RBC) transfusion may be justified in iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) when an increase in oxygen delivery is needed, as sometimes occurs in subjects with haemoglobin <8·0 mg/dL, serious comorbidities or at risk of cardiovascular instability. Earlier investigations showed that some patients with severe IDA requiring transfusion had lower than expected post‐transfusion haemoglobin levels with poorer clinical outcomes than other patients. After hypothesizing that haemoglobin responses to transfusion were different and that the underlying gastrointestinal (GI) disorders causing IDA could be a confounder explaining this association, these responses were analysed in a prospective cohort of IDA adults referred for outpatient GI investigation.Materials and MethodsTransfused patients with proven IDA, baseline haemoglobin at referral <9·0 g/dL and no extraintestinal bleeding were eligible. To assess a homogeneous population, only GI disorders known to cause occult bleeding were considered. Haemoglobin increments per 100 mL of RBCs were investigated.ResultsIn total, 2818 patients were enrolled over 10·5 years. On multivariable regression, diffuse angiodysplasias and GI cancer independently predicted for reduced increments in post‐transfusion haemoglobin [adjusted regression coefficients: −0·082 (95% confidence interval, −0·093 to −0·072) and −0·073 (95% confidence interval, −0·081 to −0·066), respectively, P < 0·001 in both]. Haemoglobin responses in the remaining bleeding disorders were adequate and agreed with the principle that one RBC unit increases the haemoglobin an average of 1 g/dL.ConclusionThe potential differential impact of GI disorders on changes in haemoglobin levels after RBC transfusion could be useful for transfusing physicians, especially for diagnostic purposes.
Energy-Harvesting Shock Absorbers With Ride Comfort Controller on Vehicle
Authors: Chen Chien-An , Ngo Khai D. T. , Zuo Lei 
Published: February 2017

In order to achieve higher fuel efficiency and better ride comfort, this paper introduces a shock absorber system including Mechanical-Motion-Rectifier (MMR), power converter and its current/force tracking (ICFT) controller.
MMR based shock absorbers has the benefit of higher efficiency and better mechanical reliability than conventional regenerative shock absorbers. However, the one-way clutches and inertia in MMR induce disengagement between input shaft and generator. This nonlinear behavior makes the input current/force of MMR uncontrollable with conventional feedback controller design. To solve this problem, this paper presents an input current/force tracking (ICFT) controller for MMR based suspension system. By adding additional control laws to the conventional controller, ICFT controller successfully solves the nonlinearity problem during MMR control. This ICFT controller is tested by tracking the reference force from skyhook control to improve ride comfort. The vehicle body displacement is simulated under specified speedbump.
By using this ICFT controller, the simulation result show displacement error between skyhook and ICFT-MMR is within 5% and its total harvested energy is 56 joules, as 56 W of average input power. Equivalent circuits used for circuit simulation are proved to have identical performances as mechanical models.
On-Line Estimation of Wheelchair Tire Slip Utilizing an Instantaneous Center of Rotation Extended Kalman Filter
Authors: Wolkowicz Kelilah , Pentzer Jesse , Miller Christopher , Moore Jason Z. , Brennan Sean N. 
Published: February 2017

There are over three million wheelchair users within the United States and that number is growing. This paper is concerned with improving the safety of wheelchair operation by the on-line estimation of tire slip. Wheelchair tire slip is a result of icy or low friction surfaces, often representative of dangerous conditions. In this research, wheel slip is detected by estimating the instantaneous center of rotation (ICR) locations of wheelchair wheels relative to the ground surface. Any departure of the estimated ICR positions from the wheel contact point indicates slippage is occurring.
An Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) algorithm uses inputs of position and orientation obtained via map-based localization to detect changes in wheelchair ICR location estimates. The ICR EKF algorithm is verified in simulation. A robotic wheelchair is used for testing the presented algorithms under conditions inducing tire slip. The results show that the ICR locations do not vary significantly when the wheelchair is operated under normal conditions, i.e. low slip surfaces; however, they change significantly under slip conditions. Implementing this method with electric wheelchairs can improve the prediction of wheelchair motion on slippery surfaces, enabling warning systems and safe operational modes that can enhance the safety of wheelchair users.
PID Sliding Mode Control of Prolate Flexible Pneumatic Actuators
Authors: Slightam Jonathon E. , Nagurka Mark L. 
Published: February 2017

The inherent compliance, high power-density, and musclelike properties of soft actuators are especially attractive and useful in many applications, including robotics. In comparison to classical/modern control approaches, model-based control techniques, e.g., sliding mode control (SMC), applied to flexible fluidic actuators (FFAs) offer significant performance advantages and are considered to be state-of-the-art. Improvements in position tracking are possible using nonlinear control approaches that offer enhanced performance for common applications such as tracking of sinusoidal trajectories at high frequencies.
This paper introduces a SMC approach that increases the tracking capabilities of prolate flexible pneumatic actuators (PF-PAs). A model-based proportional, integral, derivative sliding mode control (PIDSMC) approach designed for position control of PFPAs is proposed. SMC and PIDSMC systems are implemented on low-cost open-source controls hardware and tested for tracking sinusoidal trajectories at frequencies of 0.5 Hz and 1.0 Hz with an amplitude of 8.255 mm and an offset of 12.7 mm. The PIDSMC approach reduced the maximum tracking error by 20.0%, mean error by 18.6%, and root-mean-square error by 10.5% for a 1 Hz sinusoidal trajectory and by 8.7%, 14.7%, and 3.8%, respectively, for a 0.5 Hz sinusoidal trajectory. These reductions in tracking errors demonstrate performance advantages of the PIDSMC over conventional sliding mode position controllers.
A Modular 2-DOF Serial Robot Manipulator for Education in Robot Control
Authors: Mascaro Stephen 
Published: February 2017

This paper describes a modular 2-DOF serial robot manipulator and accompanying experiments that have been developed to introduce students to the fundamentals of robot control. The robot is designed to be safe and simple to use, and to have just enough complexity (in terms of nonlinear dynamics) that it can be used to showcase and compare the performance of a variety of textbook robot control techniques including computed torque feedforward control, inverse dynamics control, robust sliding-mode control, and adaptive control. These various motion control schemes can be easily implemented in joint space or operational space using a MATLAB/Simulink real-time interface.
By adding a simple 2-DOF force sensor to the end-effector, the robot can also be used to showcase a variety of force control techniques including impedance control, admittance control, and hybrid force/position control. The 2-DOF robots can also be used in pairs to demonstrate control architectures for multi-arm coordination and master/slave teleoperation.
This paper will describe the 2-DOF robot and control hardware/software, illustrate the spectrum of robot control methods that can be implemented, and show sample results from these experiments.
A Low-Cost Soft Coiled Sensor for Soft Robots
Authors: Zhao Jianguo , Abbas Ali 
Published: February 2017

Soft robots made from soft materials can closely emulate biological system using simple soft mechanical structures. Compared with traditional rigid-link robots, they are safe to work with humans and can adapt to confined environments. As a result, they are widely used for various robotic locomotions and manipulations. Nevertheless, for soft robots, being able to sense its state to enable closed-loop control using soft sensors remains a challenge. Existing sensors include external sensors such as camera systems, electromagnetic tracking systems, and internal sensors such as optical fibers, conductive liquid, and carbon black filled strips.
In this paper, we investigate a new soft sensor made from low-cost conductive nylon sewing threads. By continuously inserting twists into a thread under some weight, coils can be formed to enable a coiled soft sensor. The resistance of the sensor varies with the change of length. The fabrication and experiments for this new coiled sensor is described in this paper. Embedding this sensor to a 3D printed soft manipulator demonstrates the sensing capability. Compared to existing soft sensors, the coiled sensor is low-cost, easy to fabricate, and can also be used as an actuator. It can be embedded to any soft robot to measure the deformation for closed-loop feedback control.
Identification of Human Junctional Adhesion Molecule 1 as a Functional Receptor for the Hom-1 Calicivirus on Human Cells
Authors: Sosnovtsev Stanislav V. , Sandoval-Jaime Carlos , Parra Gabriel I. , Tin Christine M. , Jones Ronald W. , Soden Jo , Barnes Donna , Freeth Jim , Smith Alvin W. , Green Kim Y. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT
The Hom-1 vesivirus was reported in 1998 following the inadvertent transmission of the animal calicivirus San Miguel sea lion virus to a human host in a laboratory. We characterized the Hom-1 strain and investigated the mechanism by which human cells could be infected. An expression library of 3,559 human plasma membrane proteins was screened for reactivity with Hom-1 virus-like particles, and a single interacting protein, human junctional adhesion molecule 1 (hJAM1), was identified. Transient expression of hJAM1 conferred susceptibility to Hom-1 infection on nonpermissive Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Virus infection was markedly inhibited when CHO cells stably expressing hJAM were pretreated with anti-hJAM1 monoclonal antibodies. Cell lines of human origin were tested for growth of Hom-1, and efficient replication was observed in HepG2, HuH7, and SK-CO15 cells. The three cell lines (of hepatic or intestinal origin) were confirmed to express hJAM1 on their surface, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9-mediated knockout of the hJAM1 gene in each line abolished Hom-1 propagation. Taken together, our data indicate that entry of the Hom-1 vesivirus into these permissive human cell lines is mediated by the plasma membrane protein hJAM1 as a functional receptor.

IMPORTANCE
Vesiviruses, such as San Miguel sea lion virus and feline calicivirus, are typically associated with infection in animal hosts. Following the accidental infection of a laboratory worker with San Miguel sea lion virus, a related virus was isolated in cell culture and named Hom-1. In this study, we found that Hom-1 could be propagated in a number of human cell lines, making it the first calicivirus to replicate efficiently in cultured human cells. Screening of a library of human cell surface membrane proteins showed that the virus could utilize human junctional adhesion molecule 1 as a receptor to enter cells and initiate replication. The Hom-1 virus presents a new system for the study of calicivirus biology and species specificity.
FANCD2 Binds Human Papillomavirus Genomes and Associates with a Distinct Set of DNA Repair Proteins to Regulate Viral Replication
Authors: Spriggs Chelsey C. , Laimins Laimonis A. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT
The life cycle of human papillomavirus (HPV) is dependent on the differentiation state of its host cell. HPV genomes are maintained as low-copy episomes in basal epithelial cells and amplified to thousands of copies per cell in differentiated layers. Replication of high-risk HPVs requires the activation of the ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) and ATM and Rad3-related (ATR) DNA repair pathways. The Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway is a part of the DNA damage response and mediates cross talk between the ATM and ATR pathways. Our studies show that HPV activates the FA pathway, leading to the accumulation of a key regulatory protein, FANCD2, in large nuclear foci. These HPV-dependent foci colocalize with a distinct population of DNA repair proteins, including ATM components γH2AX and BRCA1, but infrequently with p-SMC1, which is required for viral genome amplification in differentiated cells. Furthermore, FANCD2 is found at viral replication foci, where it is preferentially recruited to viral genomes compared to cellular chromosomes and is required for maintenance of HPV episomes in undifferentiated cells. These findings identify FANCD2 as an important regulator of HPV replication and provide insight into the role of the DNA damage response in the differentiation-dependent life cycle of HPV.

IMPORTANCE
High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the etiological agents of cervical cancer and are linked to the development of many other anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. Identification of host cellular pathways involved in regulating the viral life cycle may be helpful in identifying treatments for HPV lesions. Mutations in genes of the Fanconi anemia (FA) DNA repair pathway lead to genomic instability in patients and a predisposition to HPV-associated malignancies. Our studies demonstrate that FA pathway component FANCD2 is recruited to HPV DNA, associates with members of the ATM DNA repair pathway, and is essential for the maintenance of viral episomes in basal epithelial cells. Disruption of the FA pathway may result in increased integration events and a higher incidence of HPV-related cancer. Our study identifies new links between HPV and the FA pathway that may help to identify new therapeutic targets for the treatment of existing HPV infections and cancers.
Genomic Microdiversity ofBifidobacterium pseudocatenulatumUnderlying Differential Strain-Level Responses to Dietary Carbohydrate Intervention
Authors: Wu Guojun , Zhang Chenhong , Wu Huan , Wang Ruirui , Shen Jian , Wang Linghua , Zhao Yufeng , Pang Xiaoyan , Zhang Xiaojun , Zhao Liping , Zhang Menghui 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTThe genomic basis of the response to dietary intervention of human gut beneficial bacteria remains elusive, which hinders precise manipulation of the microbiota for human health. After receiving a dietary intervention enriched with nondigestible carbohydrates for 105 days, a genetically obese child with Prader-Willi syndrome lost 18.4% of his body weight and showed significant improvement in his bioclinical parameters. We obtained five isolates (C1, C15, C55, C62, and C95) of one of the most abundantly promoted beneficial species,Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, from a postintervention fecal sample. Intriguingly, these fiveB. pseudocatenulatumstrains showed differential responses during the dietary intervention. Two strains were largely unaffected, while the other three were promoted to different extents by the changes in dietary carbohydrate resources. The differential responses of these strains were consistent with their functional clustering based on the COGs (Clusters of Orthologous Groups), including those involved with the ABC-type sugar transport systems, suggesting that the strain-specific genomic variations may have contributed to the niche adaption. Particularly,B. pseudocatenulatumC15, which had the most diverse types and highest gene copy numbers of carbohydrate-active enzymes targeting plant polysaccharides, had the highest abundance after the dietary intervention. These studies show the importance of understanding genomic diversity of specific members of the gut microbiota if precise nutrition approaches are to be realized.IMPORTANCEThe manipulation of the gut microbiota via dietary approaches is a promising option for improving human health. Our findings showed differential responses of multipleB. pseudocatenulatumstrains isolated from the same habitat to the dietary intervention, as well as strain-specific correlations with bioclinical parameters of the host. The comparative genomics revealed a genome-level microdiversity of related functional genes, which may have contributed to these differences. These results highlight the necessity of understanding strain-level differences if precise manipulation of gut microbiota through dietary approaches is to be realized.
The benefits of data linkage for firefighter injury surveillance
Authors: Widman Shannon A , LeVasseur Michael T , Tabb Loni P , Taylor Jennifer A 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundWhile survey data are available for national estimates of fire events and firefighter fatalities, data on firefighter injury at the national and local levels remain incomplete and unreliable. Data linkage provides a vehicle to maximise case detection and deepen injury description for the US fire service.MethodsBy linking departmental Human Resources records, despatch data, workers' compensation and first reports of injury, researchers were able to describe reported non-fatal injuries to 3063 uniformed members of the Philadelphia Fire Department (PFD), for the period of 2005 through 2013.ResultsAmong all four databases, the overall linkage rate was 56%. Among three of the four databases, the linkage rate was 88%. Because there was duplication of some variables among the datasets, we were able to deeply describe all the linked injuries in the master database. 45.5% of uniformed PFD members reported at least one injury during the study period. Strains, falls, burns and struck-by injuries were the most common causes. Burns resulted in the highest lost time claim payout, and strains accounted for the highest medical claim cost. More than 70% of injuries occurred in the first 15 years of experience.DiscussionData linkage provided three new benefits: (1) creation of a new variable—years of experience, (2) reduction of misclassification bias when determining cause of injury, leading to more accurate estimates of cost and (3) visualisation of injury rates when controlling for the number of fire department responses, allowing for the generation of hypotheses to investigate injury hot spots.
𝜖-expansion in critical ϕ3-theory on real projective space from conformal field theory
Authors: Hasegawa Chika , Nakayama Yu 
Published: February 2017

We use a compatibility between the conformal symmetry and the equations of motion to solve the one-point function in the critical [Formula: see text]-theory (a.k.a. the critical Lee–Yang model) on the [Formula: see text] dimensional real projective space to the first nontrivial order in the [Formula: see text]-expansion. It reproduces the conventional perturbation theory and agrees with the numerical conformal bootstrap result.
Local vs. volume conductance activity of field potentials in the human subthalamic nucleus
Authors: Marmor Odeya , Valsky Dan , Joshua Mati , Bick Atira S , Arkadir David , Tamir Idit , Bergman Hagai , Israel Zvi , Eitan Renana 
Published: February 2017

Subthalamic nucleus field potentials have attracted growing research and clinical interest over the last few decades. However, it is unclear whether subthalamic field potentials represent locally generated neuronal subthreshold activity or volume conductance of the organized neuronal activity generated in the cortex. This study aimed at understanding of the physiological origin of subthalamic field potentials and determining the most accurate method for recording them. We compared different methods of recordings in the human subthalamic nucleus: spikes (300–9,000 Hz) and field potentials (3–100 Hz) recorded by monopolar micro- and macroelectrodes, as well as by differential-bipolar macroelectrodes. The recordings were done outside and inside the subthalamic nucleus during electrophysiological navigation for deep brain stimulation procedures (150 electrode trajectories) in 41 Parkinson’s disease patients. We modeled the signal and estimated the contribution of nearby/independent vs. remote/common activity in each recording configuration and area. Monopolar micro- and macroelectrode recordings detect field potentials that are considerably affected by common (probably cortical) activity. However, bipolar macroelectrode recordings inside the subthalamic nucleus can detect locally generated potentials. These results are confirmed by high correspondence between the model predictions and actual correlation of neuronal activity recorded by electrode pairs. Differential bipolar macroelectrode subthalamic field potentials can overcome volume conductance effects and reflect locally generated neuronal activity. Bipolar macroelectrode local field potential recordings might be used as a biological marker of normal and pathological brain functions for future electrophysiological studies and navigation systems as well as for closed-loop deep brain stimulation paradigms. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our results integrate a new method for human subthalamic recordings with a development of an advanced mathematical model. We found that while monopolar microelectrode and macroelectrode recordings detect field potentials that are considerably affected by common (probably cortical) activity, bipolar macroelectrode recordings inside the subthalamic nucleus (STN) detect locally generated potentials that are significantly different than those recorded outside the STN. Differential bipolar subthalamic field potentials can be used in navigation and closed-loop deep brain stimulation paradigms.