bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fjord light regime: Bio‐optical variability, absorption budget, and hyperspectral light availability in Sognefjord and Trondheimsfjord, Norway
Authors: Mascarenhas V. J. , Voß D. , Wollschlaeger J. , Zielinski O. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractOptically active constituents (OACs) in addition to water molecules attenuate light via processes of absorption and scattering and thereby determine underwater light availability. An analysis of their optical properties helps in determining the contribution of each of these to light attenuation. With an aim to study the bio‐optical variability, absorption budget and 1% spectral light availability, hydrographical (temperature and salinity), and hyperspectral optical (downwelling irradiance and upwelling radiance) profiles were measured along fjord transects in Sognefjord and Trondheimsfjord, Norway. Optical water quality observations were also performed using Secchi disc and Forel‐Ule scale. In concurrence, water samples were collected and analyzed via visible spectrophotometry, fluorometry, and gravimetry to quantify and derive inherent optical properties of the water constituents. An absorption model (R2 = 0.91, n = 36, p < 0.05) as a function of OACs is developed for Sognefjord using multiple regression analysis. Influenced by glacial meltwater, Sognefjord had higher concentration of inorganic suspended matter, while Trondheimsfjord had higher concentrations of CDOM. Increase in turbidity caused increased attenuation of light upstream, as a result of which the euphotic depth decreased from outer to inner fjord sections. Triangular representation of absorption budget revealed dominant absorption by CDOM at 443–555 nm, while that by phytoplankton at 665 nm. Sognefjord however exhibited much greater optical complexity. A significantly strong correlation between salinity and acdom440 is used to develop an algorithm to estimate acdom440 using salinity in Trondheimsfjord.
Indian Ocean sources of Agulhas leakage
Authors: Durgadoo Jonathan V. , Rühs Siren , Biastoch Arne , Böning Claus W. B. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe examine the mean pathways, transit timescales, and transformation of waters flowing from the Pacific and the marginal seas through the Indian Ocean (IO) on their way toward the South Atlantic within a high‐resolution ocean/sea‐ice model. The model fields are analyzed from a Lagrangian perspective where water volumes are tracked as they enter the IO. The IO contributes 12.6 Sv to Agulhas leakage, which within the model is 14.1 ± 2.2 Sv, the rest originates from the South Atlantic. The Indonesian Through‐flow constitutes about half of the IO contribution, is surface bound, cools and salinificates as it leaves the basin within 10–30 years. Waters entering the IO south of Australia are at intermediate depths and maintain their temperature‐salinity properties as they exit the basin within 15–35 years. Of these waters, the contribution from Tasman leakage is 1.4 Sv. The rest stem from recirculation from the frontal regions of the Southern Ocean. The marginal seas export 1.0 Sv into the Atlantic within 15–40 years, and the waters cool and freshen on‐route. However, the model's simulation of waters from the Gulfs of Aden and Oman are too light and hence overly influenced by upper ocean circulations. In the Cape Basin, Agulhas leakage is well mixed. On‐route, temperature‐salinity transformations occur predominantly in the Arabian Sea and within the greater Agulhas Current region. Overall, the IO exports at least 7.9 Sv from the Pacific to the Atlantic, thereby quantifying the strength of the upper cell of the global conveyor belt.
Parameterization of aerosol scavenging due to atmospheric ionization under varying relative humidity
Authors: Zhang Liang , Tinsley Brian A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSimulations and parameterizations of the modulation of aerosol scavenging by electric charges on particles and droplets for different relative humidities have been made for 3 μm radii droplets and a wide range of particle radii. For droplets and particles with opposite‐sign charges, the attractive Coulomb force increases the collision rate coefficients above values due to other forces. With same‐sign charges, the repulsive Coulomb force decreases the rate coefficients, and the short‐range attractive image forces become important. The phoretic forces are attractive for relative humidity less than 100% and repulsive for relative humidity greater than 100% and have increasing overall effect for particle radii up to about 1 μm. There is an analytic solution for rate coefficients if only inverse square forces are present, but due to the presence of image forces, and for larger particles the intercept, weight, and the flow around the particle affecting the droplet trajectory, the simulated results usually depart far from the analytic solution. We give simple empirical parameterization formulas for some cases and more complex parameterizations for more exact fits to the simulated results. The results can be used in cloud models with growing droplets, as in updrafts, as well as with evaporating droplets in downdrafts. There is considered to be little scavenging of uncharged ice‐forming nuclei in updrafts, but with charged ice‐forming nuclei it is possible for scavenging in updrafts in cold clouds to produce contact ice nucleation. Scavenging in updrafts below the freezing level produces immersion nuclei that promote enhanced freezing as droplets rise above it.
Microseepage of methane to the atmosphere from the Dawanqi oil‐gas field, Tarim Basin, China
Authors: Tang Junhong , Xu Yue , Wang Guojian , Etiope Giuseppe , Han Wei , Yao Zhitong , Huang Jingang 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe microseepage of natural gas from subsurface hydrocarbon reservoirs is a widespread process in petroleum basins. On a global scale, microseepage represents an important natural source of atmospheric methane (CH4). To date, microseepage CH4 flux data have been obtained from ~20 petroleum systems in North America, Europe, and Asia. While the seasonal variations of gas flux due to soil methanotrophic activity are known, the role of geological factors in controlling gas fluxes has been poorly investigated. Here we present new microseepage data from the Dawanqi oil‐gas field located within the Tarim Basin (China), a petroleum system characterized by intense faulting and shallow (<700 m) reservoirs. We measured CH4 fluxes from the ground at 51 sites along three transects by using a closed‐chamber connected to a portable gas sensor using off‐axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy. Our results indicate that the highest CH4 fluxes occur over faults and/or shallow reservoirs, especially those that were not developed and that have higher fluid pressures. Microseeping CH4 is thermogenic, like that occurring within the Dawanqi reservoirs, as demonstrated by 13C enrichment (δ13C from −46.3‰ to −30.7‰) in the chamber. Mean and range microseepage values (17 mg m−2d−1; from −1.4 to 330 mg m−2d−1) are similar to those reported for other petroleum fields with active tectonics. Our results confirm that dry soil over petroleum fields can be a net source of atmospheric CH4 and its flux is primarily controlled by faulting, and reservoir depth and pressure. These factors shall be considered in global bottom‐up seepage emission estimates.
Seagrass blade motion under waves and its impact on wave decay
Authors: Luhar M. , Infantes E. , Nepf H. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe hydrodynamic drag generated by seagrass meadows can dissipate wave‐energy, causing wave decay. It is well known that this drag depends on the relative motion between the water and the seagrass blades, yet the impact of blade motion on drag and wave‐energy dissipation remains to be fully characterized. In this experimental study, we examined the impact of blade motion on wave decay by concurrently recording blade posture during a wave cycle and measuring wave decay over a model seagrass meadow. We also identified a scaling law that predicts wave decay over the model meadow for a range of seagrass blade density, wave period, wave height, and water depth scaled from typical field conditions. Blade flexibility led to significantly lower drag and wave decay relative to theoretical predictions for rigid, upright blades. To quantify the impact of blade motion on wave decay, we employed an effective blade length, le, defined as the rigid blade length that leads to equivalent wave‐energy dissipation. We estimated le directly from images of blade motion. Consistent with previous studies, these estimates showed that the effective blade length depends on the dimensionless Cauchy number, which describes the relative magnitude of the wave hydrodynamic drag and the restoring force due to blade rigidity. As the hydrodynamic forcing increases, the blades exhibit greater motion. Greater blade motion leads to smaller relative velocities, reducing drag, and wave‐energy dissipation (i.e., smaller le).
Localization due to interaction‐enhanced disorder in bosonic systems
Authors: Singh Rajeev , Shimshoni Efrat 
Published: April 2017

Localization in interacting systems caused by disorder, known as many‐body localization (MBL), has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. Most systems studied in this context also show single‐particle localization, and the question of MBL is whether the phenomena survives the effects of interactions. It is intriguing to consider a system with no single‐particle localization but which does localize in the presence of many particles. The localization phenomena occurs “due to” rather than “in spite of” interactions in such systems. We consider a simple bosonic system and show that interactions enhance the effects of very weak disorder and result in localization when many particles are present. We provide physical insights into the mechanism involved and support our results with analytical and numerical calculations.
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Designed Spiroketal Protein Modulation
Authors: Scheepstra Marcel , Andrei Sebastian A. , Unver M. Yagiz , Hirsch Anna K. H. , Leysen Seppe , Ottmann Christian , Brunsveld Luc , Milroy Lech‐Gustav 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSpiroketals are structural motifs found in many biologically active natural products, which has stimulated considerable efforts toward their synthesis and interest in their use as drug lead compounds. Despite this, the use of spiroketals, and especially bisbenzanulated spiroketals, in a structure‐based drug discovery setting has not been convincingly demonstrated. Herein, we report the rational design of a bisbenzannulated spiroketal that potently binds to the retinoid X receptor (RXR) thereby inducing partial co‐activator recruitment. We solved the crystal structure of the spiroketal–hRXRα–TIF2 ternary complex, and identified a canonical allosteric mechanism as a possible explanation for the partial agonist behavior of our spiroketal. Our co‐crystal structure, the first of a designed spiroketal–protein complex, suggests that spiroketals can be designed to selectively target other nuclear receptor subtypes.
Water‐Soluble N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Protected Gold Nanoparticles: Size‐Controlled Synthesis, Stability, and Optical Properties
Authors: Salorinne Kirsi , Man Renee W. Y. , Li Chien‐Hung , Taki Masayasu , Nambo Masakazu , Crudden Cathleen M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractNHC‐AuI complexes were used to prepare stable, water‐soluble, NHC‐protected gold nanoparticles. The water‐soluble, charged nature of the nanoparticles permitted analysis by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), which showed that the nanoparticles were highly monodisperse, with tunable core diameters between 2.0 and 3.3 nm depending on the synthesis conditions. Temporal, thermal, and chemical stability of the nanoparticles were determined to be high. Treatment with thiols caused etching of the particles after 24 h; however larger plasmonic particles showed greater resistance to thiol treatment. These water‐soluble, bio‐compatible nanoparticles are promising candidates for use in photoacoustic imaging, with even the smallest nanoparticles giving reliable photoacoustic signals.
Flexible Li‐CO2 Batteries with Liquid‐Free Electrolyte
Authors: Hu Xiaofei , Li Zifan , Chen Jun 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDeveloping flexible Li‐CO2 batteries is a promising approach to reuse CO2 and simultaneously supply energy to wearable electronics. However, all reported Li‐CO2 batteries use liquid electrolyte and lack robust electrolyte/electrodes structure, not providing the safety and flexibility required. Herein we demonstrate flexible liquid‐free Li‐CO2 batteries based on poly(methacrylate)/poly(ethylene glycol)‐LiClO4‐3 wt %SiO2 composite polymer electrolyte (CPE) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) cathodes. The CPE (7.14×10−2 mS cm−1) incorporates with porous CNTs cathodes, displaying stable structure and small interface resistance. The batteries run for 100 cycles with controlled capacity of 1000 mAh g−1. Moreover, pouch‐type flexible batteries exhibit large reversible capacity of 993.3 mAh, high energy density of 521 Wh kg−1, and long operation time of 220 h at different degrees of bending (0–360°) at 55 °C.
Toroid Formation through a Supramolecular “Cyclization Reaction” of Rodlike Micelles
Authors: Yang Chaoying , Gao Liang , Lin Jiaping , Wang Liquan , Cai Chunhua , Wei Yuhan , Li Zhibo 
Published: April 2017

AbstractConstructing polymeric toroids with a uniform, tunable size is challenging. Reported herein is the formation of uniform toroids from poly(γ‐benzyl‐l‐glutamate)‐graft‐poly(ethylene glycol) (PBLG‐g‐PEG) graft copolymers by a two‐step self‐assembly process. In the first step, uniform rodlike micelles are prepared by dialyzing the polymer dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (THF)/N,N′‐dimethylformamide (DMF) against water. With the addition of THF in the second step, the rodlike micelles curve and then close end‐to‐end to form uniform toroids, which resemble a cyclization reaction.
Mechanics of surface crosslinked poly(dimethyl siloxane) microstructure used for microcontact transfer printing
Authors: Bao Chao , Wang Zhifan , Liu Yu , Zhang Yanning , Nie Heng‐Yong , Lau Woon‐Ming , Mei Jun 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTIn microcontact transfer printing, the mechanics of the microstructure on an elastomeric stamp are crucial for obtaining a printed image with high feature resolution and repeatability. In this article, we are dedicating research efforts to visit a methodology for surface crosslinking a poly(dimethyl siloxane) microstructure, implemented by a hyperthermal hydrogen‐induced crosslinking technique. The significant enhancement of Young's modulus of elastomeric base after the surface crosslinking is confirmed by consequent ab initio calculation and numerical simulation. Experiments based on compression test and forced lateral scanning have been done for verifying the enhanced mechanic stability. This work provides a surface treatment way for fabricating a printing stamp with high robustness and transfer printing quality. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45166.
High performance of hydrophilic polymers on the crosslinked polystyrene spheres for controlling contaminants in white water
Authors: Xiao He , He Beihai , Li Junrong , Chen Lihui , Huang Liulian 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTThe accumulation of dissolved and colloidal substances (DCS) and inorganic salts in the white water of papermaking circulation system will result in the abnormal runnability of paper machine and low quality of products. Contaminant adsorption on a solid adsorbent in a fluidized bed reactor has been applied for white water treatment. In this study, three kinds of hydrophilic polymers {i.e., poly[methacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride] (poly‐MAC), polyacrylamide, and poly[acrylic acid] (poly‐AA)} had been grafted on the surface of the polystyrene (PS) spheres through two‐step reactions. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, elemental analysis, Zeta potential were evaluated the characteristics of modified PS spheres. The results showed that PS‐poly(MAC) had good affinity to DCS. Cationic demand, total DCS, and turbidity of white water had been reduced by 79.5%, 40.0%, and 38.4%, respectively, when the amount of PS‐poly(MAC) was 50 g/L. While PS‐poly(AA) played an important role in removal of metal ions so as to cut down the conductivity of white water. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45169.
Retention of glycopeptides analyzed using hydrophilic interaction chromatography is influenced by charge and carbon chain length of ion‐pairing reagent for mobile phase
Authors: Furuki Kenichiro , Toyo'oka Toshimasa 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCharacterization of the glycans of glycoproteins is essential for the development and production of biologics. Numerous methods are available for analyzing the glycans of glycoproteins directly and labeled glycans. Nevertheless, glycopeptides are difficult to resolve because of their exceptional complexity and the microheterogeneity of glycans. These properties represent technical challenges to efforts to insure the accurate characterization of biopharmaceuticals to comply with regulatory requirements. Therefore, we investigated the retention behavior of peptides and glycopeptides in hydrophilic interaction chromatography‐mode HPLC in the presence of ion‐pairing reagents. Anionic ion‐pairing reagents decreased the retention times of glycopeptides and improved resolution in the presence of higher concentrations or hydrophobicities of ion‐pairing reagent. Anionic ion‐pairing reagents increased retention times of larger glycans because of their increased hydrophilicity. In contrast, in the presence of cationic ion‐pairing reagents, the retention times of glycopeptides with greater numbers of sialic acid residues decreased. It is appropriate to add an anionic ion‐pairing reagent to the mobile phase for good separation of glycopeptides. The collision cross‐sectional area values of glycopeptides determined using electrospray ionization‐ion mobility spectrometry‐mass spectrometry correlated with retention times. These findings support the implementation of hydrophilic interaction chromatography‐mode HPLC to improve the characterization of glycosylated biopharmaceuticals.
Familial cerebral abscesses caused by hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
Authors: Tørring Pernille Mathiesen , Lauridsen Mathilde Faurholdt , i Dali Christine , Andersen Poul Erik , Ousager Lillian Bomme , Brusgaard Klaus , Kjeldsen Anette 
Published: April 2017

Key Clinical MessageIn case of a cerebral abscess without known cause, Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVM) screening should be performed. If PAVM(s) is identified, Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is very likely and should always be considered. This case shows the benefit of familial screening for HHT and PAVM.
Process operating performance optimality assessment with coexistence of quantitative and qualitative information
Authors: Zou Xiaoyu , Chang Yuqing , Wang Fuli , Zhao Luping 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWhen the process is working normally, process operating performance optimality assessment makes a further judgment on how well the process is running currently. Sustained optimal process operating performance guarantees the greatest economic benefits. However, the operating performance may deteriorate from the optimal status due to the production condition shifts. It is crucial to accomplish operating performance optimality assessment strategies for a deeper understanding of the process status. A Dynamic Causality Diagram (DCD) explicitly and intuitively describes the causal correlations between variables. However, an actual process has both quantitative and qualitative measurements, which makes the conventional DCD imprecise or even invalid. To handle the above problems, a modified DCD is proposed to assess a complicated process with coexistence of quantitative and qualitative information. An operating performance optimality assessing strategy based on the proposed DCD is then established. The proposed method is successfully applied to a gold hydrometallurgy process, and the operating performance optimality assessment result is satisfied.
Post‐selection point and interval estimation of signal sizes in Gaussian samples
Authors: Reid Stephen , Taylor Jonathan , Tibshirani Robert 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe tackle the problem of the estimation of a vector of underlying means (signal sizes) from a single vector‐valued observationy. Often one is interested in estimating only a subvector of signals corresponding to a set of selected, “interesting” sample elements. These “interesting” sample elements tend to have the largest absolute size, gleaned by applying some selection procedure like that of Benjamini & Hochberg (2015). Previous work on this estimation task proposes the reduction in size of the largest (absolute) sample elements either via shrinkage (like James–Stein) or by subtracting biases estimated using empirical Bayes methodology. We take a novel approach and adapt recent developments by Lee et al. (2016) in post‐selection inference. Adapting and applying their distributional results to our problem post‐selection point and interval estimators for underlying signal sizes are proposed. Simulations suggest that our estimator seems to perform quite well against competitors. Furthermore we prove an upper bound to the so‐called “worst case risk” of our estimator—when combined with the Benjamini–Hochberg selection procedure—and show that it is within a constant multiple of the minimax risk over a rich set of parameter spaces meant to evoke sparsity.The Canadian Journal of Statistics45: 128–148; 2017 © 2017 Statistical Society of Canada
Association between electrocardiographic and echocardiographic markers of stage B heart failure and cardiovascular outcome
Authors: Yang Hong , Marwick Thomas H. , Wang Ying , Nolan Mark , Negishi Kazuaki , Khan Faisal , Okin Peter M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimsThe detection of non‐ischaemic (mainly hypertension, diabetes, and obesity) stage B heart failure (SBHF) may facilitate the recognition of those at risk of progression to overt HF and HF prevention. We sought the relationship of specific electrocardiographic (ECG) markers of SBHF to echocardiographic features of SBHF and their prognostic value for development of HF. The ECG markers were Cornell product (Cornell‐P), P‐wave terminal force in lead V1 (PTFV1), ST depression in lead V5 V6 (minSTmV5V6), and increased heart rate. Echocardiographic assessment of SBHF included left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), impaired global longitudinal strain (GLS), and diastolic dysfunction (DD).Method and resultsAsymptomatic subjects ≥65 years without prior cardiac history, but with HF risks, were recruited from the local community. At baseline, they underwent clinical assessment, 12‐lead ECG, and comprehensive echocardiography. New HF was assessed clinically at mean follow‐up of 14 ± 4 months, and echocardiography was repeated in subjects with HF. Of the 447 study subjects (age 71 ± 5, 47% men) with SBHF, 13% had LVH, 32% impaired GLS, and 65% ≥grade I DD (10% ≥grade II DD). Forty were lost to follow‐up. Clinical HF developed in 47 of 407, of whom 20% had echocardiographic LVH, 51% abnormal GLS, and 76% DD at baseline. Baseline LVH and abnormal GLS (not grade I DD) were independently associated with outcomes (clinical HF and cardiovascular death). Cornell‐P and heart rate (not minSTmV5V6 nor PTFV1) were independently associated with LVH, impaired GLS, and DD. Cornell‐P and minSTV5V6 (not heart rate nor PTFV1) were independently associated with outcomes. More ECG abnormalities improved sensitivity, but ECG‐markers were not independent of or incremental to echocardiographic markers to predict HF in SBHF.ConclusionsIn this elderly study population, ECG markers showed low diagnostic sensitivity for non‐ischaemic SBHF and low prognostic value for outcomes. Cornell‐P and minSTmV5V6 had predictive value for outcomes in non‐ischaemic SBHF independent of age, gender, and common comorbidities but were not incremental to echocardiography.