bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystallization and polymorphic behavior of enzymatically produced sunflower oil based cocoa butter equivalents
Authors: Kadivar Sheida , De Clercq Nathalie , Danthine Sabine , Dewettinck Koen 
Published: February 2016

A multi‐methodological approach was used to study the isothermal crystallization of cocoa butter (CB) in the presence of sunflower oil based cocoa butter equivalents (CBEs). pNMR, DSC, oscillatory rheology, XRD, and PLM were used for this purpose. All the techniques confirmed that at 20°C isothermal crystallization of all the blends is a two‐step process with formation of α crystals in the first step and formation of β' crystals in the second step. The blends with high amount of CBEs contained more high‐melting triacylglycerols (TAGs) and diacylglycerol (DAG) in compare with CB acting as seed crystals enhancing the formation of α‐ crystals in the first crystallization step. Therefore, the induction time of the first crystallization step was inversely related to the amount of CBE. In contrast, the subsequent polymorphic transition was delayed by the presence of the CBE due to their low‐melting TAGs. However, adding up to 5% CBE did not change the Foubert's parameters for isothermal crystallization significantly. All the blends (except 5% HOSO CBE), had α mediated β' crystallization. Picturing of the microstructure showed that for the CB and the blends up to 50% large microstructures, indicative of the βV polymorph developed during storage. At 100%, a dense network of spherulites was formed at the beginning of the crystallization period, but upon further storage, no large morphological changes were observed.Practical applications: In recent years, the production of CB has been delayed owing to its cultivation difficulty and low yield due to pest attack, while the world cocoa prices have increased with rising demand and higher chocolate consumption. Therefore, there is a need to develop low‐priced and appropriate alternatives to CB. Accordingly, in this study two sunflower oil based CBEs were produced with fatty acid mixtures in the presence of immobilized 1,3‐regiospecific lipase. The results from this study could help the fats and oils industries to extend their knowledge on the crystallization and polymorphic behavior of two enzymatically produced sunflower oil based CBEs.In this study two types of sunflower oil (high oleic and high stearic high oleic) with fatty acid mixtures were inter‐esterified in a solvent‐free system catalyzed by 1,3 specific enzyme, Lipozyme RM IM, to produce sunflower oil based CBEs containing three main triacylglycerols of cocoa butter, that is, POP, POSt and StOSt. A multi‐methodological approach was used to study the isothermal crystallization of CB in the presence of enzymatically produced sunflower oil based CBEs. DSC, pNMR, oscillatory rheology, XRD, and PLM were used for this purpose.
Legitimate lies: The relationship between omission, commission, and cheating
Authors: Pittarello Andrea , Rubaltelli Enrico , Motro Daphna 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAcross four experiments, we show that when people can serve their self‐interest, they are more likely to refrain from reporting the truth (lie of omission) than actively lie (lie of commission). We developed a novel online “Heads or Tails” task in which participants can lie to win a monetary prize. During the task, they are informed that the software is not always accurate, and it might provide incorrect feedback about their outcome. In Experiment 1, those in the omission condition received incorrect feedback informing them that they had won the game. Participants in commission condition were correctly informed that they had lost. Results indicated that when asked to report any errors in the detection of their payoff, participants in the omission condition cheated significantly more than those in the commission condition. Experiment 2 showed that this pattern of results is robust even when controlling for the perceived probability of the software error. Experiments 3 and 4 suggest that receiving incorrect feedback makes individuals feel more legitimate in withholding the truth, which, in turn, increases cheating.
Effect of vine‐shoots toasting on the generation of high added value volatiles
Authors: Sánchez‐Gómez R. , Zalacain A. , Alonso G. L. , Salinas M. R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis paper shows the volatile composition changes of two vine‐shoots cultivars (a neutral, Airén, and an aromatic, Moscatel) when are subjected to different toasting treatments: light (180 °C for 15 min), medium (180 °C for 30 min) and high (180 °C for 45 min). The vine‐shoots volatile profile for both vine‐shoots varieties was determined by HS‐SBSE‐GC/MS and compared with those of the oak wood used as reference. Results indicated that the higher the toasting, the greater the increment of most wood and varietal volatiles. The vine‐shoots wood volatile composition was similar to the oak one, which is known to be very valuable in case of oak aged wines. The volatiles responsible for a varietal contribution were interesting in both vine‐shoots, especially the well‐known Moscatel particular aroma that showed up at medium toasting. These results suggest the potential exploitation of vine‐shoots to be used with oenological purposes for their high added volatile contribution. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation of KOH‐doped PVA/PSSA Solid Polymer Electrolyte for DMFC: The Influence of TiO2 and PVP on Performance of Membranes
Authors: de Oliveira A. H. P. , Nascimento M. L. F. , de Oliveira H. P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe development of low cost alkaline anion solid exchange membranes requires high ionic conductivity, low liquid uptake, strong mechanical properties and chemical stability. PVA/PSSA blends cross‐linked with glutaraldehyde and decorated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles introduce advantages relative to the pristine membrane of PVA and PVA/PVP membranes due to their improved electrical response and low methanol uptake/ swelling ratio allowing their use in alkaline direct methanol fuel cells.
Dihydroartemisinin prevents liver fibrosis in bile duct ligated rats by inducing hepatic stellate cell apoptosis through modulating the PI3K/Akt pathway
Authors: Chen Qin , Chen Lianyun , Wu Xiafei , Zhang Feng , Jin Huanhuan , Lu Chunfeng , Shao Jiangjuan , Kong Desong , Wu Li , Zheng Shizhong 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAs a frequent event following chronic insult, liver fibrosis triggers wound healing reactions, with extracellular matrix components accumulated in the liver. During liver fibrogenesis, activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is the pivotal event. Fibrosis regression can feasibly be treated through pharmacological induction of HSC apoptosis. Herein we showed that dihydroartemisinin (DHA) improved liver histological architecture, decreased hepatic enzyme levels, and inhibited HSCs activation in the fibrotic rat liver. DHA also induced apoptosis of HSCs in such liver, as demonstrated by reduced distribution of α‐SMA‐positive cells and the presence of high number of cleaved‐caspase‐3‐positive cells in vivo, as well as by down‐regulation of Bcl‐2 and up‐regulation of Bax. In addition, in vitro experiments showed that DHA significantly inhibited HSC proliferation and led to dramatic morphological alterations in HSCs. we found that DHA disrupted mitochondrial functions and led to activation of caspase cascades in HSCs. Mechanistic investigations revealed that DHA induced HSC apoptosis through disrupting the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway and that PI3K specific inhibitor LY294002 mimicked the pro‐apoptotic effect of DHA. DHA is a promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(3):220–231, 2016
Pharmacodynamic Actions of a Long-Acting PTH Analog (LA-PTH) in Thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) Rats and Normal Monkeys
Authors: Shimizu Masaru , Joyashiki Eri , Noda Hiroshi , Watanabe Tomoyuki , Okazaki Makoto , Nagayasu Miho , Adachi Kenji , Tamura Tatsuya , Potts John T , Gardella Thomas J , Kawabe Yoshiki 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

Hypoparathyroidism is a disease of chronic hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia due to a deficiency of parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH and analogs of the hormone are of interest as potential therapies. Accordingly, we examined the pharmacological properties of a long-acting PTH analog, [Ala1,3,12,18,22, Gln10,Arg11,Trp14,Lys26]-PTH(1-14)/PTHrP(15-36) (LA–PTH) in thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) rats, a model of HP, as well as in normal monkeys. In TPTX rats, a single intravenous administration of LA-PTH at a dose of 0.9 nmol/kg increased serum calcium (sCa) and decreased serum phosphate (sPi) to near-normal levels for longer than 48 hours, whereas PTH(1-34) and PTH(1-84), each injected at a dose 80-fold higher than that used for LA-PTH, increased sCa and decreased sPi only modestly and transiently (&lt;6 hours). LA-PTH also exhibited enhanced and prolonged efficacy versus PTH(1-34) and PTH(1-84) for elevating sCa when administered subcutaneously (s.c.) into monkeys. Daily s.c. administration of LA-PTH (1.8 nmol/kg) into TPTX rats for 28 days elevated sCa to near normal levels without causing hypercalciuria or increasing bone resorption markers, a desirable goal in the treatment of hypoparathyroidism. The results are supportive of further study of long-acting PTH analogs as potential therapies for patients with hypoparathyroidism. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Effect of Renal and Hepatic Impairment on the Pharmacokinetics of Cabozantinib
Authors: Nguyen Linh , Holland Jaymes , Ramies David , Mamelok Richard , Benrimoh Natacha , Ciric Sabrina , Marbury Thomas , Preston Richard A. , Heuman Douglas M. , Gavis Edith , Lacy Steven 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCabozantinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of patients with progressive, metastatic medullary thyroid cancer. Two clinical pharmacology studies were conducted to characterize single‐dose pharmacokinetics (PK) of cabozantinib in renally or hepatically impaired subjects. Study 1 enrolled 10 subjects, each with mild or moderate impairment of renal function; 12 healthy subjects were matched to the moderate group for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Study 2 enrolled 8 males each with mild or moderate hepatic impairment; 10 healthy males were matched to the moderate group for age, BMI, and ethnicity. All subjects received one 60 mg cabozantinib oral capsule dose followed by PK sampling over 21 days. Plasma concentration and protein binding were determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and equilibrium dialysis, respectively. PK parameters were computed using noncompartmental methods. Geometric least squared mean (LSM) ratios for plasma cabozantinib AUC0‐∞ for impaired to normal organ function cohorts were (1) approximately 30% and 6% higher in subjects with mild and moderate renal impairment, respectively, and (2) approximately 81% and 63% higher in subjects with mild and moderate hepatic impairment, respectively. The percentage of unbound drug was slightly higher in both moderately impaired cohorts. No deaths or discontinuations due to adverse events occurred in either study. Cabozantinib should be used with caution in subjects with mild or moderate renal impairment. Subjects with mild or moderate hepatic impairment administered cabozantinib should be monitored closely for potential treatment‐emergent drug toxicity that may necessitate a dose hold or reduction.
Enhanced triterpene acid production by Ganoderma lucidum using a feeding stimulus integrated with a two‐stage pH‐control strategy
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Ling , Yang Hailong , Liu Gao‐Qiang 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDTriterpenes (especially triterpene acids) are some of the major physiologically active components of Ganoderma lucidum. However, submerged fermentation techniques for triterpenes have not been optimized for commercial use, and the total triterpene yield is still very low. The aim of this work was to develop a two‐stage pH‐control strategy integrated with the use of an ether extract from the medicinal insect, Catharsius molossus (EECM), as a stimulus for enhanced G. lucidum triterpene acid production.RESULTSTriterpene acid production of 302.76 mg L−1 was obtained in G. lucidum cultured with the EECM; this production was higher by 60% than that of the control cultures not fed the EECM. Based on the EECM feeding method, a new two‐stage pH‐control strategy was integrated, resulting in triterpene acid yields of 361.47 mg L−1. Subsequent studies optimized the interaction between EECM feeding and two‐stage pH‐control strategies, which resulted in an optimal EECM concentration of 185.89 mg L−1 and optimal pH values of 5.07 in the first 72 h incubation and 4.37 after 72 h, with a maximum triterpene acid concentration of 449.37 mg L−1. This represented a 137% increase compared with that of the control cultures. Furthermore, when a 150 L fermenter was used under these conditions, a triterpene acid concentration of 431.83 mg L−1 was achieved.CONCLUSIONSThe enhanced production of triterpene acid in submerged cultures of G. lucidum was achieved using an EECM feeding stimulus integrated with a two‐stage pH‐control strategy at large scale. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Combined ultrasound‐targeted microbubble destruction and polyethylenimine‐mediated plasmid DNA delivery to the rat retina: enhanced efficiency and accelerated expression
Authors: Li Hongli , Qian Jin , Yao Chunfang , Wan Caifeng , Li Fenghua 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundGene therapy has potential in the treatment of refractory retinal diseases. It is important to develop an effective delivery system in the retina. The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of ultrasound (US)‐targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD)‐mediated polyethylenimine (PEI) to the rat retina.MethodsGene transfer was examined by injecting PEI/plasmid DNA (pDNA) with or without microbubbles (MBs) into the subretinal space of rats that were then exposed to US. We investigated enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) expression on flat fundus oculi and performed quantitative analysis. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe tissue damage.ResultsUTMD significantly enhanced PEI/pDNA transfection efficiency safely by increasing both the transgene expression per cell and the percentage of transfected cells of the retina. PEI/pDNA combined with UTMD significantly increased the number of DNA gene copies and the mRNA level in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and neural retina, respectively, compared to PEI/pDNA alone.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates that enhanced and accelerated pDNA expression can be achieved in the retina/RPE cellsin vivoby UTMD physical techniques combined with a PEI chemical vector. Our study provides useful information for furtherin vivoretinal gene therapy work. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hitmen and the Spaces of Contract Killing: The Doorstep Hitman
Authors: Brolan Liam , Wilson David , Yardley Elizabeth 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis exploratory paper considers the spaces where hits take place within Britain. It concentrates on those hits that have occurred on the doorstep of the victim and offers analysis of why this location might be chosen. It suggests an emergingmodus operandi(MO) of doorstep hits and how knowledge of this MO might be useful to law enforcement. Two cold cases are re‐considered in light of this MO. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bone‐anchored hearing aid and skin graft removal with subsequent cochlear implantation
Authors: Britt Christopher J. , Coughlin Adam R. , Gubbels Samuel P. 
Published: February 2016

We describe a novel technique of scalp flap rearrangement for cochlear implant (CI) candidates who have previously undergone ipsilateral bone‐anchored hearing aid (BAHA) placement. One patient with single‐sided deafness (SSD) underwent removal of a BAHA with subsequent scalp rearrangement for coverage of the implant site. After adequate healing of the scalp rotational flap, he underwent uncomplicated cochlear implantation without soft tissue complications. With increasing utilization of CIs in SSD, there will be more patients undergoing cochlear implantation who have previously had a BAHA. We present a novel method for accomplishing this goal while minimizing the risk of soft tissue complications.Laryngoscope, 126:2601–2604, 2016
Wound‐healing factors can prime head and neck cancer cells to increase their tumor‐forming capacity
Authors: Lindgren Gustaf , Kjellén Elisabeth , Wennerberg Johan , Ekblad Lars 
Published: February 2016

Objectives/HypothesisWe investigated whether exposing a wound‐healing‐sensitive cell line to human wound fluid (HWF) could prime the cells to increase their tumor‐forming ability in nude mice and, if so, whether this ability can be inhibited by pharmacological substances.Study DesignExperimental animal model.MethodsTake rate was measured in BALB/c nude mice after pretreatment of the cells with HWF using human serum and fetal bovine serum as controls. Inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) with S3I‐201 tocilizumab, and of interleukin 6 receptor (IL6R) with tocilizumab was performed.ResultsPreincubation with HWF resulted in a significant increase in take rate compared to controls. The increase in take rate could be decreased by both STAT3 and IL6R inhibition.ConclusionsThe results indicate that head and neck squamous cell cancer cells might be stimulated to increase their tumor‐forming ability both close to a surgical wound and at more distant locations, as a consequence of the wound‐healing response. The work also suggests new treatment modalities aimed at decreasing these stimulatory effects.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 126:E213–E217, 2016
High‐Performance Flame‐Retarded Polyamide‐6 Composite Fabricated by Chain Extension
Authors: Wirasaputra Alvianto , Zheng Lijun , Liu Shumei , Yuan Yanchao , Zhao Jianqing 
Published: February 2016

The flame retardancy and mechanical properties of polyamide‐6 (PA6)/aluminum diethylphosphinate (AlPi) composite are greatly improved by the addition of novelly synthesized phosphorus flame retardant‐based diepoxide (DEP) during extrusion. The PA6/AlPi/DEP composite passes V‐0 rating of UL94 test with limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 32.6% at 13 wt% AlPi and 1 wt% DEP, as revealed by the results of flammability. The synergistic flame retardation mechanism offered by the two additives (AlPi and DEP) is studied in terms of in‐depth characterization of the charred residue and evolved gas. The deteriorated mechanical strength of PA6 due to existence of AlPi is compensated by the simultaneous chain extension effect of DEP. Accordingly, the flexural and impact strengths of PA6/AlPi/DEP composite are even superior to those of neat PA6.
image
Thermally Stable Honeycomb‐Patterned Porous Films of a Poly(L‐lactic acid) and Poly(D‐lactic acid) Stereo Complex Prepared Using the Breath Figure Technique
Authors: Abe Hiroya , Hirai Yutaro , Yabu Hiroshi 
Published: February 2016

Porous polymer materials prepared from biodegradable polymers have received considerable attention due to their potential as cell culture scaffolds for tissue engineering. Porous materials are generally sterilized by autoclaving prior to use as cell culture scaffolds to avoid unexpected biological infection. However, the melting point of biodegradable polymers is typically lower than the temperature used in autoclave sterilization. Here, the preparation of honeycomb films comprising a poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(D‐lactic acid) (PDLA) stereo complex is described and their thermal stabilities are evaluated. The hierarchic photochemical patterning of PLLA/PDLA stereo complex honeycomb‐patterned films by UV‐O3 treatment is also demonstrated.
image
The effect of pH on the nucleation of titania by hydrolysis of TiCl4
Authors: Kotsyubynsky V. O. , Myronyuk I. F. , Myronyuk L. I. , Chelyadyn V. L. , Mizilevska M. H. , Hrubiak A. B. , Tadeush O. K. , Nizamutdinov F. M. 
Published: February 2016

We have proposed and experimentally tested a phenomenological model of nucleation of a specific polymorphic phase of titanium dioxide (anatase, rutile, brookite) resulting from the interaction of Ti4+ hydroxocomplexes at different pH values of reaction medium. The degree of hydrolysis was determined as a function of pH for the monomers formed during the hydrolysis of titanium tetrachloride. Mixtures of anatase and brookite with an average size of coherently scattering domains of 5 nm and particles of ellipsoidal shape were obtained by precipitation at pH = 8. At the same time, nanoparticles of rutile with rod‐like morphology and an average size of 10 nm were obtained at a pH = 1.
Model reference adaptive minimum‐energy control for a mechatronic elevator system
Authors: Chen Kun‐Yung 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThe mechatronic elevator system driven by a permanent magnet synchronous motor is modeled using mechanical and electrical equations. In addition, the dimensionless forms are derived for practicable movements. This paper proposes and demonstrates the reference model of a minimum‐input absolute electrical energy control scheme based on the Hamiltonian function. Furthermore, a model reference adaptive control scheme based on the Lyapunov function is proposed for tracking the reference model to achieve a robust control performance, thus combining the minimum‐energy reference model of the minimum‐input absolute electrical energy control and the robust control offered by the model reference adaptive control. The proposed model reference adaptive minimum‐energy control yields robust minimum‐energy control performance. Subsequently, the experimental parameters of the elevator system were identified through self‐learning particle swarm optimization. The experimental results demonstrate the robust minimum‐energy control performance of the proposed model reference adaptive minimum‐energy control. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regulatory mechanisms, expression levels and proliferation effects of the FUS–DDIT3 fusion oncogene in liposarcoma
Authors: Åman Pierre , Dolatabadi Soheila , Svec David , Jonasson Emma , Safavi Setareh , Andersson Daniel , Grundevik Pernilla , Thomsen Christer , Ståhlberg Anders 
Published: February 2016

AbstractFusion oncogenes are among the most common types of oncogene in human cancers. The gene rearrangements result in new combinations of regulatory elements and functional protein domains. Here we studied a subgroup of sarcomas and leukaemias characterized by the FET (FUS, EWSR1, TAF15) family of fusion oncogenes, including FUS–DDIT3 in myxoid liposarcoma (MLS). We investigated the regulatory mechanisms, expression levels and effects of FUS–DDIT3 in detail. FUS–DDIT3 showed a lower expression than normal FUS at both the mRNA and protein levels, and single‐cell analysis revealed a lack of correlation between FUS–DDIT3 and FUS expression. FUS–DDIT3 transcription was regulated by the FUS promotor, while its mRNA stability depended on the DDIT3 sequence. FUS–DDIT3 protein stability was regulated by protein interactions through the FUS part, rather than the leucine zipper containing DDIT3 part. In addition, in vitro as well as in vivo FUS–DDIT3 protein expression data displayed highly variable expression levels between individual MLS cells. Combined mRNA and protein analyses at the single‐cell level showed that FUS–DDIT3 protein expression was inversely correlated to the expression of cell proliferation‐associated genes. We concluded that FUS–DDIT3 is uniquely regulated at the transcriptional as well as the post‐translational level and that its expression level is important for MLS tumour development. The FET fusion oncogenes are potentially powerful drug targets and detailed knowledge about their regulation and functions may help in the development of novel treatments. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.