bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Una mirada a la gestión educativa local en el marco de la descentralización. El caso de dos municipalidades en Perú
Authors: Muñoz Fanni 
Published: January 2016

Este artículo, a través del análisis de dos municipalidades en el norte del Perú, examina el funcionamiento del gobierno local y el papel que asigna a la educación, en el marco de la descentralización. Este importante proceso de reforma del Estado se viene implementando hace once años y está posibilitando que gobiernos regionales y locales impulsen iniciativas de gestión descentralizada de la educación. Ello ocurre en un contexto global en el que los gobiernos latinoamericanos vienen promoviendo diferentes iniciativas para mejorar su calidad. Se muestra cómo se organizan dos municipalidades de la Región Piura (Paita y Morropón) y cómo están desarrollando estrategias para asumir las nuevas competencias y responsabilidades en educación que les asigna la reforma estatal. Con este marco se analiza la existencia de diferentes lógicas, composición y capacidades en sus burocracias al asumir la educación como función en condiciones y entornos específicos. El estudio muestra que existen serias dificultades para instaurar el modelo de gestión gerencial, particularmente porque no se cuenta con una burocracia calificada. Los casos analizados evidencian que, si bien las municipalidades desarrollan acciones efectivas en educación, principalmente dirigidas a la infancia, la educación no constituye una prioridad de la gestión municipal. Estos estudios de casos permiten comprender la complejidad de los cambios en la gestión local en el contexto de descentralización. Las estrategias seguidas ofrecen pistas para la implementación de una gestión educativa descentralizada.
On the track of Artificial Intelligence: Learning with Intelligent Personal Assistants
Authors: Goksel Canbek Nil , Mutlu Mehmet Emin 
Published: January 2016

<p>In a technology dominated world, useful and timely information can be accessed quickly via Intelligent Personal Assistants (IPAs). By the use of these assistants built into mobile operating systems, daily electronic tasks of a user can be accomplished 24/7. Such tasks like taking dictation, getting turn-by-turn directions, vocalizing email messages, reminding daily appointments, setting reminders, responding any factual questions and invoking apps can be completed by IPAs such as Apple’s <a href="http://searchconsumerization.techtarget.com/definition/Siri" target="_blank">Siri</a>, <a href="http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/Google-Now" target="_blank">Google Now</a> and Microsoft Cortana. The mentioned assistants programmed within Artificial Intelligence (AI) do create an interaction between human and computer through a natural language used in digital communication. In this regard, the overall purpose of this study is to examine the potential use of IPAs that use advanced cognitive computing technologies and Natural Language Processing (NLP) for learning. To achieve this purpose, the working system of IPAs is reviewed briefly within the scope of AI that has recently become smarter to predict, comprehend and carry out multi-step and complex requests of users.</p>
A review on entrepreneurship education in Turkey<p>Türkiye’de girişimcilik eğitimi üzerine bir inceleme
Authors: Özdemir Şefik , Yılmaz Nahit , Arsu Talip , Polat Yusuf 
Published: January 2016

<p>Entrepreneurship education is one of the fastest growing areas in the world. One of the main reasons is the assumption that entrepreneurship education plays an important role in solving the chronic challenges such as employment, economic growth, poverty via developing entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship education is given to develop entrepreneurship in many countries which are trying to eliminate these problems. It is one of the most curious subject whether entrepreneurial education contributes to entrepreneurial activities. Therefore, in many studies it has been tried to explain the connection between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial activity. In our study, we conducted a literature review on the relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial activities. Following the literature review, some proposals have been developed by comparison the studies abroad with the studies in Turkey.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Girişimcilik eğitimi dünya genelinde en hızlı büyüyen alanlardan bir tanesidir. Bunun temel nedenleri arasında girişimcilik eğitiminin girişimciliği geliştirerek istihdam, ekonomik büyüme, yoksulluk gibi kronikleşen önemli sorunların çözümünde önemli rol oynadığı düşüncesidir. Bu problemleri bertaraf etmeye çalışan birçok ülkede girişimciliği geliştirmek için girişimcilik eğitimi verilmektedir. Verilen girişimcilik eğitimlerinin girişimcilik faaliyetlerine katkı verip vermediği en çok merak edilen konulardan birisidir. Bu nedenle yapılan birçok çalışmada, girişimcilik eğitimi ve girişimcilik faaliyetlerinin arasındaki bağlantıyı anlamaya çalışmıştır. Çalışmamızda girişimcilik eğitimi ve girişimcilik faaliyetleri arasındaki bağlantı ile ilgili bir literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Literatür taraması sonucunda, yurt dışında yapılan çalışmalar ile Türkiye’de yapılan çalışmalar kıyaslanarak öneriler geliştirilmiştir.</p>
Corrosion characteristics of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and the role of molecular biology in SRB studies: an overview
Authors: Anandkumar Balakrishnan , George Rani P. , Maruthamuthu Sundaram , Parvathavarthini Natarajan , Mudali Uthandi Kamachi 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), an anaerobic bacterial group, are found in many environments like freshwater, marine sediments, agricultural soil, and oil wells where sulfate is present. SRB derives energy from electron donors such as sulfate, elemental sulfur or metals, and fermenting nitrate. It is the major bacterial group involved in the microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC), souring, and biofouling problems in oil-gas-producing facilities as well as transporting and storage facilities. SRB utilizes sulfate ions as an electron acceptor and produce H2S, which is an agent of corrosion, causing severe economic damages. Various theories have been proposed on the direct involvement of H2S and iron sulfides in corrosion; H2S directly attacks and causes corrosion of metals and alloys. Many reviews have been presented on the aforementioned aspects. This review specifically focused on SRB corrosion and the role of molecular biology tools in SRB corrosion studies viz. cathodic and anodic depolarization theories, corrosion characteristics of thermophilic SRB and influence of hydrogenase, temperature, and pressure in thermophilic SRB corrosion, SRB taxonomy, molecular approaches adopted in SRB taxonomical studies, sulfate and citrate metabolism analyses in completed SRB genomes, and comparative studies on SRB’s dissimilatory sulfite reductase structures.
Measurement of moisture-related strain in bonded ash depending on adhesive type and glueline thickness
Authors: Knorz Markus , Niemz Peter , van de Kuilen Jan-Willem 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Structural wood-adhesive bonds (WAB) have to be durable while subjected to considerable stresses caused by mechanical loads and moisture content changes. To better understand the moisture-related durability of WABs, knowledge is important of how moisture changes generate strain in the bond. In this paper, strain on end-grain surfaces of bonded ash specimens was analyzed by means of digital image correlation. Strains were generated by wood shrinkage, and the evaluation was focused on shear strain (SStr). The bond lines were studied depending on the adhesive type – phenol resorcinol formaldehyde (PRF), melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF), polyurethane (PUR), and emulsion polymer isocyanates (EPI). Moreover, three different glueline (GL) thicknesses of MUF were taken into consideration. Comparing the adhesive types, SStr distributions (SStrD) were strongly influenced by adhesive elasticity. MUF and PRF bonds were quite rigid and were associated with pronounced strain amplitudes in and close to the GL together with strain dissipation reaching deep in the wood. PUR and EPI adhesives were more elastic and therefore allowed for smoother strain transition showing less distinct strain peaks. GL thickness had significant impact on SStrD. A high strain level and direct strain transition between adherends was found for the 0.01 mm GL, whereas a pronounced strain decrease was observed in the 0.1 and 0.2 mm GLs. This indicates different stress levels in the wood-adhesive interface dependent on GL thickness.
Strategic management: A perspective on the development of the field of strategic management and the contribution of the Irish Journal of Management
Authors: Gibbons Patrick , Scott Sharkey , Fhionnlaoich Cormac Mac 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
This paper analyses the progress made in the field of strategic management over the past three decades. One approach to analysing a discipline’s trajectory is to explore its exemplary research. We review the papers awarded the Dan and Mary Lou Schendel, Strategic Management Society (SMS) Best Paper Award of the Strategic Management Journal (SMJ) since 1993, to demonstrate the emergence of strategic management as a specific discipline with a distinct view of how firms generate competitive advantage. Our paper interprets the development of the discipline from its market-based and structural roots to attempts to decipher the ‘black box’ of the organisation in analysing capabilities, particularly dynamic capabilities, and resources. Our study shows how the conceptual breakthroughs of the exemplary papers are further developed by the field through theory testing and extension using increasingly sophisticated methodologies published by journals such as Irish Journal Of Management (IJM). Our review of both journals highlights that despite increasing market, social and cultural instability since these seminal papers were first conceived, their lessons are still relevant and increasingly critical to both theory and practice in establishing the future trajectory for strategic management and a framework for organisations to compete.
Electrospinning: a facile technique for fabricating functional nanofibers for environmental applications
Authors: Wang Su-Xi , Yap Chin Chong , He Jiating , Chen Chao , Wong Siew Yee , Li Xu 
Published: January 2016

AbstractOver the last few decades, the excess exploitation of our planet and degradation of environment have gone up at an alarming rate. Environmental problems, especially air and water pollution, which takes a huge number of years to recover, have become the major concern affecting the progress of human society. The overwhelming threats have driven global research and innovation in the development of advanced technology and devices toward a cleaner environment. In this context, the generation of functional one-dimensional (1-D) nanomaterials has become an area of intense interest from both academia and industry due to their unique advantages for environmental applications. Electrospinning is recognized as the most powerful technique for producing 1-D composite nanofibers via facile incorporation of active ingredients in the solutions for electrospinning or by some posttreatment process. In this review, we give an overview on the latest research progress in the fabrication and utilization of functional polymer/ceramic/carbon nanofibers generated by electrospinning for air and water purification, as well as their applications as sensors for pollutant monitoring and control. We also present the perspectives and challenges of the current electrospinning technique for environmental applications.
Effect of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets on thermal and heat deflection properties of kenaf polypropylene hybrid nanocomposites
Authors: Idumah Christopher Igwe , Hassan Azman 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Exfoliated graphite nanoplatelet (GNP) polypropylene (PP)/kenaf fiber (KF) hybrid nanocomposites (PP/KF/MAPP/GNP collectively presented as PKMG) were developed through melt extrusion using a co-rotating screw speed extruder. The loadings of GNPs in nanocomposites were varied from 1–5 phr and characterized for thermal conductivity, stability and behavior, morphology, and heat deflection temperature (HDT). Results revealed increasing effective thermal conductivity with increasing inclusion of GNP. This behavior was attributed to the formation of thermally conductive, interconnected, sheets of GNP which enhanced heat dissipation. Thermal stability analysis revealed high thermal residue content at 3 phr loading attributed to uniform dispersion of GNP sheets in polymer matrix and the formation of enhanced oxygen-barrier due to effective char formation. Results also revealed enhanced HDT (0.46 MPa/1.8 MPa) with increasing incorporation of GNP ascribed to high modulus and thermal stability of GNP sheets. This implies capability of material to sustain loading at high temperatures without losing its rigidity. Thermal behavior revealed increased crystallization temperature and reduced degree of crystallization with slight increase in melting temperature in the range of 2–5°C. Morphological analysis using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) revealed exfoliated and uniform dispersion of graphene in matrix polymer at 3 phr loading.
Connecting mercury science to policy: from sources to seafood
Authors: Chen Celia Y. , Driscoll Charles T. , Lambert Kathleen F. , Mason Robert P. , Sunderland Elsie M. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a global contaminant whose presence in the biosphere has been increased by human activity, particularly coal burning/energy production, mining, especially artisanal scale gold mining, and other industrial activities. Mercury input to the surface ocean has doubled over the past century leading governments and organizations to take actions to protect humans from the harmful effects of this toxic element. Recently, the UN Environmental Program led 128 countries to negotiate and sign a legally binding agreement, the 2013 Minimata Convention, to control Hg emissions and releases to land and water globally. In an effort to communicate science to this emerging international policy, the Dartmouth Superfund Research Program formed the Coastal and Marine Mercury Ecosystem Research Collaborative (C-MERC) in 2010 that brought together more than 70 scientists and policy experts to analyze and synthesize the science on Hg pollution in the marine environment from Hg sources to MeHg in seafood. The synthesis of the science revealed that the sources and inputs of Hg and their pathways to human exposure are largely determined by ecosystem spatial scales and that these spatial scales determine the organizational level of policies. The paper summarizes the four major findings of the report.
E-waste: the growing global problem and next steps
Authors: Heacock Michelle , Kelly Carol Bain , Suk William A. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
In many low- and middle-income countries, handling and disposal of discarded electrical or electronic equipment (EEE) is frequently unregulated. e-Waste contains hazardous constituents such as lead, mercury, and chromium, certain chemicals in plastics, and flame retardants. There is increasing concern about health effects related to contamination in air, soil, and water for people working and living at or near informal e-waste processing sites, especially to the most vulnerable populations, pregnant women and children. The observed adverse health effects and increasing number of e-waste sites make protecting human health and the environment from e-waste contamination an expanding challenge. Through international cooperation, awareness can be elevated about the harm that e-waste processing poses to human health. Here we discuss how international researchers, public health practitioners, and policymakers can employ solutions to reduce e-waste exposures.
Safety and Immunogenicity of Sequential Rotavirus Vaccine Schedules
Authors: Libster Romina , McNeal Monica , Walter Emmanuel B. , Shane Andi L. , Winokur Patricia , Cress Gretchen , Berry Andrea A. , Kotloff Karen L. , Sarpong Kwabena , Turley Christine B. , Harrison Christopher J. , Pahud Barbara A. , Marbin Jyothi , Dunn John , El-Khorazaty Jill , Barrett Jill , Edwards Kathryn M. ,   for the VTEU Rotavirus Vaccine Study Work Group
Published: January 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Although both licensed rotavirus vaccines are safe and effective, it is often not possible to complete the schedule by using the same vaccine formulation. The goal of this study was to investigate the noninferiority of the immune responses to the 2 licensed rotavirus vaccines when administered as a mixed schedule compared with administering a single vaccine formulation alone.

METHODS:
Randomized, multicenter, open-label study. Healthy infants (6–14 weeks of age) were randomized to receive rotavirus vaccines in 1 of 5 different schedules (2 using a single vaccine for all doses, and 3 using mixed schedules). The group receiving only the monovalent rotavirus vaccine received 2 doses of vaccine and the other 4 groups received 3 doses of vaccine. Serum for immunogenicity testing was obtained 1 month after the last vaccine dose and the proportion of seropositive children (rotavirus immunoglobulin A ≥20 U/mL) were compared in all the vaccine groups.

RESULTS:
Between March 2011 and September 2013, 1393 children were enrolled and randomized. Immune responses to all the sequential mixed vaccine schedules were shown to be noninferior when compared with the 2 single vaccine reference groups. The proportion of children seropositive to at least 1 vaccine antigen at 1 month after vaccination ranged from 77% to 96%, and was not significantly different among all the study groups. All schedules were well tolerated.

CONCLUSIONS:
Mixed schedules are safe and induced comparable immune responses when compared with the licensed rotavirus vaccines given alone.
Understanding Variable Well Performance in a Chalk Reservoir
Authors: Kabir C. S. , Haftbaradaran R.. , Asghari R.. , Sastre J. P. 
Published: January 2016

Summary
Analyzing well performance is a complex process that increases in difficulty when multiple reservoir-drive mechanisms are in play in the same reservoir. This paper explores an overpressured, compacting chalk reservoir with high porosity and high oil saturation at initial conditions. The diverse drive mechanisms, experienced through the long production history of Valhall Field in Norway, are caused by different degrees of reservoir compaction across the field and the recent waterflood at the crest and northern areas of the field.
The purpose of this study is to illuminate the various drive mechanisms experienced in this field. The underlying objective is to understand widely varying Arps b-factors in decline-curve analysis (DCA) that support production forecasting and project evaluation. The performances of inactive wells with long production histories were used as analogs to analyze active wells. Other analytical tools also were used to augment overall understanding of a type well's performance, including rate-transient analysis (RTA) and capacitance/resistance modeling (CRM).
This study demonstrates that the proposed work flow for reservoir-performance forecasting can be adopted in highly complex reservoirs with different rock-mechanical properties, drive mechanisms, production scheduling, and field-development strategies. Specifically, the work flow entails establishing energy support for individual wells by use of Arps b-factor with DCA; collapsing shut-in periods, if any, and using the cumulative production curve for DCA to retain solution objectivity; performing RTA to gauge pressure/rate coherence and system's linearity; and using CRM to establish injector/producer connectivity.
Sitagliptin Attenuates the Progression of Carotid Intima-Media Thickening in Insulin-Treated Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: The Sitagliptin Preventive Study of Intima-Media Thickness Evaluation (SPIKE)
Authors: Mita Tomoya , Katakami Naoto , Shiraiwa Toshihiko , Yoshii Hidenori , Onuma Tomio , Kuribayashi Nobuichi , Osonoi Takeshi , Kaneto Hideaki , Kosugi Keisuke , Umayahara Yutaka , Yamamoto Tsunehiko , Matsumoto Kazunari , Yokoyama Hiroki , Tsugawa Mamiko , Gosho Masahiko , Shimomura Iichiro , Watada Hirotaka ,   on behalf of the Collaborators on the Sitagliptin Preventive Study of Intima-Media Thickness Evaluation (SPIKE) Trial
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVE
The effect of additional treatment with oral hypoglycemic agents on the progression of atherosclerosis remains unknown in insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We assessed the effects of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, on carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in T2DM.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded end point, multicenter, parallel-group, comparative study included 282 insulin-treated patients with T2DM free of a history of apparent cardiovascular diseases who were recruited at 12 clinical units and randomly allocated to either the sitagliptin group (n = 142) or the control group (n = 140). The primary outcomes were changes in mean and maximum IMT of the common carotid artery measured by echography at the end of a 104-week treatment period.

RESULTS
Sitagliptin had a more potent glucose-lowering effect compared with the conventional treatment (−0.5 ± 1.0% vs. −0.2 ± 0.9%; P = 0.004), without increasing hypoglycemic episodes or body weight. Changes in the mean and left maximum IMT, but not right maximum IMT, of the common carotid arteries were significantly greater after sitagliptin treatment compared with conventional treatment (−0.029 [SE 0.013] vs. 0.024 [0.013] mm [P = 0.005]; −0.065 [0.027] vs. 0.022 [0.026] mm [P = 0.021]; −0.007 [0.031] vs. 0.027 [0.031] mm [P = 0.45], respectively). Over 104 weeks, sitagliptin, but not conventional treatment, significantly reduced the mean IMT and left maximum IMT of common carotid arteries relative to the baseline.

CONCLUSIONS
Sitagliptin attenuated the progression of carotid IMT in insulin-treated patients with T2DM free of apparent cardiovascular disease compared with conventional treatment.
Proposed mechanism of antibacterial mode of action of <i>Caesalpinia bonducella</i> seed oil against food-borne pathogens
Authors: Shukla Shruti , Majumder Rajib , Ahirwal Laxmi , Mehta Archana 
Published: January 2016

<p class="Abstract">The antibacterial mechanism of action of <em>Caesalpinia bonducella</em> seed oil on membrane permeability of <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em> NCIM 24563 (MIC: 2 mg/mL) and <em>Escherichia coli</em> ATCC 25922 (MIC: 4 mg/mL) was determined by measuring the extracellular ATP concentration, release of 260-nm absorbing materials, leakage of potassium ions and measurement of relative electrical conductivity of the bacterial cells treated at MIC concentration. Its mode of action on membrane integrity was confirmed by release of extracellular ATP (1.42 and 1.33 pg/mL), loss of 260-nm absorbing materials (4.36 and 4.19 optical density), leakage of potassium ions (950 and 1000 mmol/L) and increase in relative electrical conductivity (12.6 and 10.5%) against food-borne pathogenic bacteria <em>L. monocytogenes</em> and <em>E. coli</em>, respectively. These findings propose that <em>C. bonducella</em> oil compromised its mode of action on membrane integrity, suggesting its enormous food and pharmacological potential.</p><p> </p>