bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Brownian motion and thermophoresis in magnetohydrodynamic dissipative: Radiative flow of chemically reactive nanoliquid thin films on an unsteady expandable sheet in a composite media
Authors: Pal Dulal , Chatterjee Debranjan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study comprehensively examines magnetohydrodynamic heat transport characteristics within a thin nanofluid film on a stretchable sheet embedded in a composite medium. By considering factors such as the unsteady nature of sheet velocity, Brownian motion, thermophoresis, thermally radiative heat, irregular heat generation/sink, chemical reactions, and dissipation due to viscous fluid, the research provides valuable insights into the variations in fluid velocity, temperature, and nanoparticles concentration. The computational solution utilizes the efficient numerical method that enables accurate predictions of system behavior under varying conditions. Notable findings include the influence of Schmidt numbers on nanoparticle concentration distribution, the opposing impact of thermophoresis parameter values, and the influence of Brownian motion and heat source/sink on temperature profiles in thin nanofluid film. Also, nanoliquid film thickness is reduced by enhancing the porous parameter values and Hartmann number values. The nanoliquid film becomes thinner when the space‐dependent heat source/sink parameter is considered compared to the temperature‐dependent heat source/sink coefficient. In space‐dependent and temperature‐dependent cases, the increase in these parameters leads to a decrease in the temperature gradient. Furthermore, it is observed that higher thermophoresis values correspond to reduced nanoparticle concentration gradient profiles. Also, enhancement in the chemical reaction values leads to an expansion in the solutal boundary region surrounding nanoparticles, and as a consequence, the concentration gradient of nanoparticles is enhanced. This research has significant potential for optimizing heat performance and advancing innovation in industrial and engineering processes.
AlN as interlayer for effective thermal dissipation from gallium nitride to CVD diamond using nanocrystalline diamond seeding
Authors: Sang Liwen , Liao Meiyong , Shen Bo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWith the increasing power density achieved in gallium nitride (GaN) electronic devices, the thermal dissipation becomes a key issue that restricts their ultimate performances. However, the effective thermal boundary resistance (TBReff) between GaN and their heat spreader usually dominates the heat concentration. Here we introduce a super‐thin AlN interlayer with nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) seeding as the nucleation for the polycrystalline diamond (PCD) film growth on the GaN films. A thermal conductivity approaching 250 W/mK for the 1.2 μm‐thick PCD film is obtained. The TBReff between GaN and PCD films is estimated to be 5 m2K/GW, which is much smaller than that of the typical SiNx interlayer. Since AlN can be deposited simultaneously with the device structure, this work is promising to achieve the full potential of using diamond as the heat spreader for GaN‐based transistors.
Nestings of BIBDs with block size four
Authors: Buratti Marco , Kreher Donald L. , Stinson Douglas R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn a nesting of a balanced incomplete block design (or BIBD), we wish to add a point (the nested point) to every block of a ‐BIBD in such a way that we end up with a partial ‐BIBD. In the case where the partial ‐BIBD is in fact a ‐BIBD, we have a perfect nesting. We show that a nesting is perfect if and only if . Perfect nestings were previously known to exist in the case of Steiner triple systems (i.e., ‐BIBDs) when , as well as for some symmetric BIBDs. Here we study nestings of ‐BIBDs, which are not perfect nestings. We prove that there is a nested ‐BIBD if and only if , . This is accomplished by a variety of direct and recursive constructions.
Taurine reduces glycolysis of pig skeletal muscle by inhibiting HIF‐1α signaling
Authors: Chen Xiaoling , Wenting An , Zhiqing Huang , Jia Gang , Zhao Hua 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of taurine on skeletal muscle glycolysis in pigs. The results showed that dietary supplementation of taurine significantly reduced the activities of hexokinase (HK), phosphofructose kinase (PFK), and pyruvate kinase (PK) in finishing pigs. Meanwhile, taurine reduced the protein and mRNA expression levels of hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α) and the mRNA expression of glycolytic enzyme related genes (such as HK type II, HK Ⅱ; pyruvate kinase M2, PKM2; lactate dehydrogenase A, LDHA). In addition, taurine reduced the expression of HIF‐1α, lactate content, and the expression of glycolysis related genes in porcine myotubes. These results suggest that taurine may regulate glycolysis in skeletal muscle of finishing pigs through the HIF‐1α signaling pathway. To further investigate the mechanism by which taurine affects skeletal glycolysis, HIF‐1α activator dimethyloxalyl glycine (DMOG) was used to treat porcine myotubes, our results showed that DMOG significantly increased the protein and mRNA expression levels of HIF‐1α, lactate content, and glycolytic enzyme (HK, PFK, PK, and LDH) activity, but taurine treatment significantly inhibited this effect. Taken together, these results of in vivo and in vitro experiments revealed that taurine reduces skeletal muscle glycolysis by inhibiting HIF‐1α signaling.
A public, cross‐reactive glycoprotein epitope confounds Ebola virus serology
Authors: Kainulainen Markus H. , Harmon Jessica R. , Karaaslan Elif , Kyondo Jackson , Whitesell Amy , Twongyeirwe Sam , Malenfant Jason H. , Baluku Jimmy , Kofman Aaron , Bergeron Éric , Waltenburg Michelle A. , Nyakarahuka Luke , Balinandi Stephen , Cossaboom Caitlin M. , Choi Mary J. , Shoemaker Trevor R. , Montgomery Joel M. , Spiropoulou Christina F. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEbola disease (EBOD) in humans is a severe disease caused by at least four related viruses in the genus Orthoebolavirus, most often by the eponymous Ebola virus. Due to human‐to‐human transmission and incomplete success in treating cases despite promising therapeutic development, EBOD is a high priority in public health research. Yet despite almost 50 years since EBOD was first described, the sources of these viruses remain undefined and much remains to be understood about the disease epidemiology and virus emergence and spread. One important approach to improve our understanding is detection of antibodies that can reveal past human infections. However, serosurveys routinely describe seroprevalences that imply infection rates much higher than those clinically observed. Proposed hypotheses to explain this difference include existence of common but less pathogenic strains or relatives of these viruses, misidentification of EBOD as something else, and a higher proportion of subclinical infections than currently appreciated. The work presented here maps B‐cell epitopes in the spike protein of Ebola virus and describes a single epitope that is cross‐reactive with an antigen seemingly unrelated to orthoebolaviruses. Antibodies against this epitope appear to explain most of the unexpected reactivity towards the spike, arguing against common but unidentified infections in the population. Importantly, antibodies of cross‐reactive donors from within and outside the known EBOD geographic range bound the same epitope. In light of this finding, it is plausible that epitope mapping enables broadly applicable specificity improvements in the field of serology.
Seroprevalence of enterovirus D68 in Yamagata, Japan, between 1976 and 2019
Authors: Itagaki Tsutomu , Komabayashi Kenichi , Sasaki Mika , Ogawa Naomi , Seto Junji , Aoki Yoko , Ikeda Tatsuya , Matsuzaki Yoko , Mizuta Katsumi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo clarify the epidemiology of enterovirus D68 (EV‐D68), an enterovirus rarely identified in the 20th century, we performed seroepidemiological analysis against EV‐D68 using sera collected in 1976, 1985, 1990, 1999, 2009, and 2019, as well as Yamagata isolate (EVD68/Yamagata.JPN/2023‐89), in Yamagata, Japan. The neutralizing antibody (Ab)‐positive rates for those under 20 years old were 61.0%, 82.5%, 84.3%, 46.7%, 50.5%, and 67.9%, in each year, whereas the rates for those above 20 years old were between 93.4% and 99.1%. Generally, geometric mean titers (GMTs）increased with age among children and the total GMT in each year was 25.4, 49.2, 37.2, 30.8, 29.5, and 33.9, from 1976 to 2019, respectively. The findings in this Yamagata‐based study showed that the seroprevalence of EV‐D68 over the last four decades has increased with age among children, as a susceptible group, and then reaches a plateau of over approximately 80% among adults. This study clearly revealed that EV‐D68 was stably transmitted among children in the 20th century, when EV‐D68 detection was quite rare.
Does Workplace Spirituality Enhance Employee Well‐Being? The Mediating Role of Workplace Happiness
Authors: Koul Surabhi 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTWorkplace spirituality and employee well‐being are significant aspects of organizational behavior that greatly influence the success of an organization. While numerous studies have demonstrated the positive impact of workplace spirituality on employee performance, few have delved into its correlation with workplace happiness (WPH). The present research seeks to investigate the direct and indirect effects of workplace spirituality on workplace engagement and employee well‐being, with WPH serving as a mediator. The groundwork for the proposed conceptual model was laid by conducting a survey with 473 working professionals from Indian organizations, employing the structural equation modeling (SEM) method. Results reveal that employees with a strong sense of workplace spirituality tend to have greater attachment to the workplace. WPH, in turn, acts as a mediator in the relationship between workplace attachment (WPA) and employee well‐being. This study sheds light on the significant relationship between workplace spirituality, WPA, and employee well‐being. It underscores the importance for organizations to prioritize WPH of employees which in turn, would enhance their well‐being within the workplace. The study also discusses the theoretical and practical implications of the findings, offering suggestions about directions for future research.
Exploring production of social and economic value in social enterprises through a business model framework
Authors: Green Elizabeth , Bradley Peter , Parry Glenn 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study explores how social enterprises create social and economic value through business models that support ex‐offenders. The work was motivated by a request for help from an entrepreneur wishing to establish a business that supports ex‐offender rehabilitation. The research explored five case organisations that already provided such support, analysing them through a business model framework. The case studies investigated the dual propositions of social and economic value created using various organisational forms, including private companies, charities, and a government body. Findings demonstrate how each organisation utilised under‐valued human resources to address social challenges while maintaining economic viability. The research contributes to social enterprise literature and practice, showing the integration of social and economic value creation, exploring the role of Mission, and explaining the reluctance of some organisations to engage in social value measurement. The findings offer insights to entrepreneurs seeking to sustainably deliver social impact.
Bioactive compounds from food‐grade Bacillus
Authors: Raphel Steji , Halami Prakash Motiram 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBacillus species have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their potential for producing various bioactive compounds with diverse functional properties. This review highlights bioactive substances from food‐grade Bacillus strains and their applications in functional foods and nutraceuticals. The metabolic capacities of Bacillus species have allowed them to generate a wide range of bioactive substances, including vitamins, enzymes, anti‐microbial peptides, and other non‐ribosomal peptides. These substances have a variety of positive effects, including potential cholesterol‐lowering and immune‐modulatory qualities in addition to anti‐oxidant and anti‐bacterial actions. The uses and mechanisms of action of these bioactive chemicals can be used to improve the functional qualities and nutritional profile of food products. Examples include the use of anti‐microbial peptides to increase safety and shelf life, as well as the use of Bacillus‐derived enzymes in food processing to improve digestibility and sensory qualities. The exploitation of bioactive compounds from food‐grade Bacillus strains presents a promising frontier in the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals with enhanced health benefits. Due to their wide range of activity and applications, they are considered as important resources for the development of novel medications, agricultural biocontrol agents, and industrial enzymes. Ongoing research into the biosynthetic pathways, functional properties, and applications of these compounds is essential to fully realize their potential in the food industry. This review underscores the significance of various bioactive compounds generated from Bacillus in tackling global issues like environmental sustainability, sustainable agriculture, and antibiotic resistance. Future developments in microbiology and biotechnology will enable us to fully utilize the potential of these amazing microbes, resulting in novel approaches to industry, agriculture, and health. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Florida sandhill crane survival along a wildland‐to‐urban land use gradient
Authors: Dellinger Timothy A. , Sylvia Andrea L. , Bankovich Brittany A. , Bielefeld Ronald R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Florida sandhill crane (Antigone canadensis pratensis) is a state‐threatened non‐migratory subspecies. Our understanding of adult crane survival in Florida, USA, is unclear, as it relies on decades‐old unpublished data of birds residing in natural areas. Since that time, the loss of natural habitat precipitated cranes using urbanized areas such as suburban lawns and roadside verges for foraging and loafing. Contemporary studies are needed to properly guide crane management and conservation efforts. We addressed this knowledge gap by estimating the annual survival rate for sandhill cranes in 12 central Florida counties. We used a live‐dead capture‐recapture multistate model, monitoring 118 adult cranes from June 2017 to May 2023; 76 were color‐banded and 42 were tagged with Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) transmitters. Fifteen cranes died during the study, with vehicle strikes (n = 9) being the most prevalent identified source of mortality. Overall, the annual survival probability was estimated at 0.79 (95% credibility interval = 0.75–0.84). Using the subset of GSM‐tagged cranes, we observed no influence of urbanization on annual survival rate (βurbanization gradient = 0.007, 95% credibility interval = −0.008, 0.022). The adult survival rates we observed are lower than reported for other populations of sandhill cranes in North America that are considered stable or growing.
Atmospheric chemistry of (Z)‐CF2HCF=CHCl: Kinetics and products of reaction with Cl atoms and OH radicals
Authors: Sulbaek Andersen Mads Peter , Borcher Josefine Ellerup , Nielsen Ole John 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLong path length FTIR‐smog chamber techniques were used to study the title reactions in 650 Torr of N2, oxygen, or air diluent at 296 ± 3 K. Values of k(Cl + (Z)‐CF2HCF = CHCl)═(6.6 ± 0.7) × 10−11 and k(OH + (Z)‐CF2HCF═CHCl)═(4.1 ± 0.7) × 10−12 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 were measured. The IR spectrum of (Z)‐CF2HCF═CHCl is reported. The atmospheric lifetime of (Z)‐CF2HCF═CHCl is determined by the reaction with OH and is approximately 2.8 days. Reaction of (Z)‐CF2HCF═CHCl with Cl atoms gives HC(O)Cl and CF2HC(O)F as major primary products. Under environmental conditions, the OH radical initiated oxidation gives CF2HC(O)F and HC(O)Cl in yields of (98 ± 8)% and (100 ± 4)%, respectively. Accounting for non‐uniform horizontal and vertical mixing leads to a 100‐year time‐horizon global warming potential value for (Z)‐CF2HCF═CHCl of essentially zero.
Multiplane Spectroscopic Whole‐Body Photoacoustic Computed Tomography of Small Animals In Vivo
Authors: Yang Jinge , Choi Seongwook , Kim Jiwoong , Lee Jihye , Kim Won Jong , Kim Chulhong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo understand complex biological process and disease progression, it is essential to comprehensively track biodynamics across entire organisms. The invaluable tracking tool, photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT), provides insights into structural, functional, and molecular aspects of living tissues. However, current small‐animal PACT systems suffer from low temporal/spatial resolution and a restricted field of view, and they are limited in the biological information they can provide, hindering research on whole‐body biodynamics. Here, it is demonstrated a continuous rotary‐scanning PACT system for rapid monitoring of various parameters within the relatively large torso of a small animal. In this PACT system, a hemispherical transducer array is continuously rotated at high speed, enabling a 3D scan of an entire mouse body in just 54 s, with a spatial resolution of 172–212 µm. The rapid rotary scanning allows us to not only image whole‐body structures but also to monitor pharmacokinetics and changes in hemoglobin oxygen saturation in living animals. This approach holds great promise for advancing the understanding of in vivo biological dynamics, opening up a new avenue of preclinical research in areas such as metabolic diseases and drug delivery.
Synergistic Effect of Sn Doping in TiO2 Nanoparticles as an Additive in Anti‐Corrosion Coatings
Authors: Rahman Fariza Abdul , Basirun Wan Jefrey , Johan Mohd Rafie 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTCorrosion is a major problem and protective coatings offer an effective solution. However, organic coatings are often associated with microcracks caused by the evaporation of solvents during coating preparation. This study investigates the use of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles as a coating additive to protect mild steel surfaces. Additionally, doping TiO2 with tin (Sn) is believed to enhance its properties due to the reduced size of the nanoparticles. These nanoparticles were synthesised using the sol–gel method and subjected to various analyses. The coated mild steel samples were prepared using the dip‐coating method and immersed in 3.5 wt.% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution for 30 days. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Tafel polarisation showed that the Sn‐doped TiO2 nanoparticles as an additive improved the corrosion resistance, as evidenced by a positive shift in corrosion potential (Ecorr) and reduced corrosion current density (Icorr).
Social comparison and self‐determination in luxury consumption motivations
Authors: Petrescu Maria , Siqueira Jose Ribamar , Dobre Costinel , Mrad Selima Ben , Ciuta Anca‐Milovan , Kara Aycan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study integrates social comparison theory) and self‐determination theory to examine the roles of escapism, conformity, and individual cultural values in shaping luxury brand attitudes. Concepts related to consumer upward and downward social comparison are complemented by aspects related to self‐determination and autonomy. Drawing on survey data from the United States and Colombia, the research employs partial least squares structural equation modeling and fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to investigate the complex drivers of luxury consumption. The findings reveal that escapism and conformity, complementary motivations grounded in social comparison and self‐determination theories, positively influence luxury brand attitudes. Furthermore, individual cultural values, such as self‐enhancement and self‐transcendence, moderate the relationships between these consumer motivations and attitudes. The cross‐cultural comparison highlights differences in the influence of cultural values on luxury consumption between two distinct cultures. The fsQCA—results uncover distinct configurations of motivations and values sufficient for driving positive luxury attitudes, extending the understanding of the complex interplay of factors shaping luxury consumption. By integrating social comparison theory and self‐determination theory perspectives, examining cultural values, and employing advanced methodological approaches, this study contributes to the theoretical understanding of luxury consumption. It also offers valuable insights for luxury brand managers navigating the evolving global market. Future research directions emphasize the potential for further integrating these two theoretical frameworks in the luxury domain.
Outcomes of early‐treated infants with spinal muscular atrophy: A multicenter, retrospective cohort study
Authors: Goedeker Natalie L. , Rogers Amanda , Fisher Mark , Arya Kapil , Brandsema John F. , Farah Hiba , Farrar Michelle A. , Felker Marcia V. , Gibbons Melissa , Hamid Omer Abdul , Harmelink Matthew , Herbert Karen , Kichula Elizabeth , King Kiana , Lakhotia Arpita , Lee Bo Hoon , Kuntz Nancy L. , Parsons Julie , Rehborg Rebecca , Veerapaniyan Aravindhan , Zaidman Craig M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroduction/AimsWhile prompt identification and treatment of infants with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) can ameliorate outcomes, variability persists. This study assessed management and outcomes of early‐treated infants with SMA.MethodsWe analyzed retrospective data at 12 centers on infants with SMA treated at age ≤6 weeks from August 2018 to December 2023.ResultsSixty‐six patients, 35 with two SMN2 copies and 31 with ≥3 SMN2 copies, were included. Twenty‐five (38%, 22 with two SMN2 copies), had SMA findings before initial treatment which was onasemnogene abeparvovec in 47 (71%) and nusinersen in 19 (29%). Thirty‐two received sequential or combination treatments, including 16 adding nusinersen or risdiplam due to SMA findings following onasemnogene abeparvovec. All sat independently. Compared to children with ≥3 SMN2 copies, those with two SMN2 copies were less likely to walk (23/34 [68%] vs. 31/31 [100%], p < .001) and less likely to walk on time (9/34 [26%] vs. 29/31 [94%], p < .001); one non‐ambulatory child was <18 months old and was excluded from this analysis. No patients required permanent ventilation or exclusively enteral nutrition; six required nocturnal non‐invasive ventilation and four utilized supplemental enteral nutrition, all with two SMN2 copies.DiscussionEarly treatment of infants with SMA can improve outcomes as indicated by our cohort, all of whom sat independently and are without permanent ventilation. However, our study demonstrates ongoing disability in most children with two SMN2 copies despite early monotherapy and emphasizes the need for additional research, including earlier monotherapy, initial combination therapy, prenatal treatment, and non‐SMN modifying treatments.