bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
At-Risk and Problem Gambling among Finnish Youth: The Examination of Risky Alcohol Consumption, Tobacco Smoking, Mental Health and Loneliness as Gender-Specific Correlates
Authors: Edgren Robert , Castrén Sari , Jokela Markus , Salonen Anne H. 
Published: March 2016

Aims The aims were to compare past-year at-risk and problem gambling (ARPG) and other at-risk behaviours (computer gaming, risky alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking) by age and gender, and to explore how ARPG is associated with risky alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking, poor mental health and loneliness in males and females. Design Data from respondents aged 15–28 (n = 822) were derived from a cross-sectional random sample of population-based data (n = 4484). The data were collected in 2011–2012 by telephone interviews. The Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI, score≥2) was used to evaluate ARPG. Prevalence rates for risk behaviours were compared for within gender-specific age groups. Regression models were gender-specific. Results The proportion of at-risk and problem gamblers was higher among males than females in all age groups except among 18–21-year-olds, while frequent computer gaming was higher among males in all age groups. The odds ratio (95% CI) of being a male ARPGer was 2.57 (1.40–4.74) for risky alcohol consumption; 1.95 (1.07–3.56) for tobacco smoking; 2.63 (0.96–7.26) for poor mental health; and 4.41 (1.20–16.23) for feeling lonely. Likewise, the odds ratio (95% CI) of being a female ARPGer was 1.19 (0.45–3.12) for risky alcohol consumption; 4.01 (1.43–11.24) for tobacco smoking; 0.99 (0.18–5.39) for poor mental health; and 6.46 (1.42–29.34) for feeling lonely. All 95% CIs of ARPG correlates overlapped among males and females. Conclusions Overall, past-year at-risk and problem gambling and computer gaming seem to be more common among males than females; however, for risky alcohol consumption similar gender differences were evident only for the older half of the sample. No clear gender differences were seen in correlates associated with ARPG.
On soliton solutions of the Wu-Zhang system
Authors: Inc Mustafa , Kilic Bulent , Karatas Esra , Mohamed Al Qurashi Maysaa’ , Baleanu Dumitru , Tchier Fairouz 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn this paper, the extended tanh and hirota methods are used to construct soliton solutions for the WuZhang (WZ) system. Singular solitary wave, periodic and multi soliton solutions of the WZ system are obtained.
Regionale Gesundheitskonferenzen und Gesundheitsregionenplus in Deutschland: Struktur-, Prozess- und Ergebnisqualitäten
Authors: Hollederer Alfons 
Published: March 2016

Zusammenfassung:
Regionale Public Health-Probleme erfordern im Lösungsansatz häufig die Vernetzung, Kooperation und Koordination der relevanten Akteure im Gesundheitswesen vor Ort. Kommunale Gesundheitskonferenzen und Gesundheitsregionenplus zielen dabei auf die Optimierung der regionalen Gesundheitsversorgung und Gesundheitsförderung. Die Bundesländer setzen wesentliche politische, finanzielle, fachlich-konzeptionelle und gesetzgeberische Rahmenbedingungen für ihr Funktionieren. Die bisherigen Evaluationsstudien zeigen Erfolge in der Kooperations- und Netzwerkbildung auf. Die Wirksamkeit ist von der Strukturqualität und „weichen Faktoren“ abhängig. Auf Grundlage von Bestandsanalysen, Evaluationsstudien und Praxiserfahrungen werden 20 Empfehlungen für die Sicherung der Struktur-, Prozess- und Ergebnisqualität bei Implementierung und Weiterentwicklung abgeleitet.
Die Sicherstellung der ambulanten ärztlichen Versorgung auf dem Land
Authors: Lehmann Kathleen , Uhlemann Thomas 
Published: March 2016

Zusammenfassung:Ein flächendeckendes Angebot an medizinischer Versorgung und angemessene Zugangsmöglichkeiten für alle Bevölkerungsgruppen gehören gerade auch in ländlichen Regionen zu den zentralen gesundheitspolitischen Zielen. Anspruch und Wirklichkeit brechen sich dabei jedoch an den verschiedenen Interessen der beteiligten Akteure. Die Frage, wie viele Leistungserbringer für eine bedarfsgerechte Versorgung der Bevölkerung benötigt werden und wie eine angemessene Verteilung dieser Leistungserbringer im Raum sichergestellt werden kann, ist dabei beinahe so alt wie die gesetzliche Krankenversicherung selbst.
Gesundheit verbessern und fördern – Ein Schwerpunkt in der medizin-geografischen Forschung
Authors: Luther Stephan , Schweikart Jürgen , Scharlach Holger 
Published: March 2016

Zusammenfassung:
Unterschiede in der Gesundheitsversorgung sind Ergebnis diverser Effekte, die häufig einen Raumbezug haben. Dazu gehören sozioökonomische Unterschiede in der Bevölkerung und eine eingeschränkte Erreichbarkeit als Barriere zur Inanspruchnahme medizinischer Angebote. Für die Analyse dieser Effekte sowie der Entwicklung von Lösungsansätzen bietet die medizinische Geographie vielfältige Methoden und theoretische Konzepte. Grundlegende Hilfsmittel sind dabei Karten und Geoinformationssysteme (GIS).
Constructing better roads with asphalt rubber
Authors: Pais Jorge C. , Thives Liseane P. , Pereirâ Paulo A. A. , Trichês Glicério 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Brazilians mixtures containing asphalt rubber were evaluated by mechanical laboratory tests. A conventional mixture with asphalt CAP-50/70 was produced as a mixture control. With the aim of compare the Brazilians mixtures performance, a Portuguese asphalt rubber mixture was tested as well. The testing set involved the determination of the mechanical properties, fatigue and permanent deformation, of asphalt rubber produced by wet process through two different systems: continuous blend and terminal blend. The asphalt rubber morphology was evaluated in order to determine the compatibility of the systems. The asphalt rubber mixtures exhibit good resistance to permanent deformation and prolonged fatigue life in relation to mixture control. Therefore it is concluded that the application of asphalt rubber alters the characteristics of asphalt mixture in a very beneficial way.
Portfolios Effective Time Formation/Holding Period Based On Momentum Investment Strategy
Authors: Assogbavi Tov , Leonard Bridget 
Published: March 2016

This paper examines the momentum investment strategy based on past market information to evaluate performance, time formation/holding period and seasonality impact on the Canadian Market. In doing so, we assess the effectiveness of portfolio formation and holding periods of this strategy. Utilizing variant models of different methodologies, we find strong evidence that assesses a 9 month formation and a 9 month holding period as the most effective formation/holding period in implementing a Momentum Investment Strategy when the formation period begins in January. We also find that regardless of when the formation period begins, the most effective portfolio will be held for 9 months beginning in October. While these findings confirm the short term nature of this investment strategy, they however differ in terms of the length of formation/holding periods commonly utilized in the literature. The shortness of the actual effective formation/holding periods may be caused mainly by the growing knowledgeable participants in the market. Investors who base their portfolio construction on momentum investment strategy would achieve higher returns by shortening their portfolio formation/holding periods.
A Note On The Formal And Informal Sector Economies In Mexico: How Strongly Does Social Network Theory Explain Microentepreneurial Success?
Authors: Castillo José Villacís , Cartwright Debra K. 
Published: March 2016

Previous studies examining the effects of social network theory have largely been conducted in the context of highly industrialized and economically robust countries. In contrast, Mexico is a developing country that has historically experienced extreme poverty, low productivity and significant financial problems. And despite being the 15th largest nation and the 13th largest economy by volume, it is a country where only until recently a sketchy picture of the smallest of entrepreneurs and his/her activities have begun to materialize. This paper outlines an effort to add substance and contrast to this picture, and argues that social network theory may actually depict two vastly different portraits of entrepreneurship in Mexico.
Entrepreneurship Womens Business
Authors: Bledsoe M. Tony , Oatsvall Rebecca J. 
Published: March 2016

One outstanding impact in the twenty first century US economy is the phenomenally expanding role and importance of women entrepreneurs. The Center for Women’s Business Research reports “nearly 10.4 million firms are 50% or more owned by women, employing more than 12.8 million people, and generating $1.9 trillion in sales.” (2007) This growth is evidenced by the fact that majority women-owned firms grew at twice the rate of all firms between 1997 and 2006. (Center for Women’s Business Research, 2007) Since Meredith College has unique status as the largest all-female undergraduate liberal arts school in the Southeast, it is positioned to examine entrepreneurial efforts of women. This preliminary research examines demographic information about Meredith College alumnae who are employed by family enterprises or own their businesses. It also examines challenges faced by women in starting and sustaining a business.
Is There An Eid al-Fitr Effect In Malaysia?
Authors: McGowan, Jr. Carl B. , Jakob Noor Azzudin 
Published: March 2016

We test for the Eid al-Fitr Calendar Effect for the Syariah Index of the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange for the period from 2000 to 2003 and find no statistically significant effect. We examine the adjusted daily excess return and the cumulative adjusted daily excess return for the Syariah Index relative to the Kuala Lumpur Composite Index for the five Eid al-Fitr occurrences during the test period for the ninety day period about the Eid al-Fitr celebrations. The empirical evidence does not support the existence of this calendar effect in the Malaysian stock market.
Internationalization Of R&D Activities: The Case Of Swiss MNEs
Authors: Gugler Philippe , Michel Julie 
Published: March 2016

The roles of foreign research and development (R&D) activities, as well as the consequences of the internationalization of R&D for the domestic firms' specific advantages and the home country's specific advantages, are developed in this paper. Although it is now widely acknowledged that technological activities are becoming more internationally dispersed, theories on the implications of foreign R&D activities on home economies are still scarce. This research brings useful theoretical contributions and evidence to fill this gap. The hypotheses on the motivations for foreign R&D are also tested through an empirical investigation. The data includes 39,281 patents published by Swiss multinational enterprises (MNEs) at the European Patent Office (EPO) from December 1978 to September 2006 and 6,620 patent citations. The patent analysis is complemented by a survey involving 35 major Swiss MNEs. The results show that MNEs perform an increasing share of their R&D activities abroad, concentrated in a few developed countries. Further, MNEs invest and will continue to invest strongly in China and in Asian countries, as well as in developing countries. Supporting local customers and local market is the prevalent type of foreign R&D. Yet, the access to foreign science and technology is becoming increasingly important in all host regions. Knowledge flows within the organization of the firm, suggesting that R&D centres are interconnected. Moreover, domestic firms become more competitive through their access to the host country's specific advantages and spend more resources, especially in the country of origin, the basis of their first competitive advantage.
Slum Population In India: Extent And Policy Response
Authors: Sawhney Upinder 
Published: March 2016

<p>There is an evidence of large scale migration of the rural poor to the cities/towns in search of employment in India, especially since 1991when India adopted Economic Reform Programme. In the absence of any affordable housing , there has been a growth of slums in the urban areas of the country. The Government of India (GOI) has been incorporating certain programmes to alleviate poverty , create employment opportunities and encourage planned urban development in its public policy , yet there has been a fast emergence of slums in the Indian cities due to a number of factors. The present paper aims to analyze certain demographic attributes of the slum population in India , its socio-economic and environmental impact and the public policy response towards the same. It also reviews certain programmes designed by the government to control the growth of slums and the efforts to rehabilitate the slum-dwellers. The data and definition of slums in India are based on the census of 2001, 65<sup>th</sup> round of NSSO and other GOI documents.</p>
Twenty-nine-Year Follow-up of Nonoperatively Treated Three-Level Lumbar Spondylolysis
Authors: Wu Xiao-Dong , Wang Xin-Wei , Chen Hua-Jiang , Cao Peng , Chen Yu , Raley Thomas John , Chen Yuan-Yuan , Yuan Wen 
Published: March 2016

Update
This article was updated on May 25, 2016, because of a previous error. On page 4, in the address block, one of the e-mail addresses was incorrectly identified. The line had previously read “E-mail address for Y.-Y. Chen: yugangg@163.com.” The sentence now reads “E-mail address for Y. Chen: yugangg@163.com.”

Case:
Multilevel spondylolysis, especially involving more than two levels, is rarely encountered in clinical practice. We present a case of three-level spondylolysis with two-level spondylolisthesis followed for twenty-nine years after nonoperative treatment. The patient was a forty-six-year-old man who presented with stabbing pain in the lower left portion of his back without radiating symptoms or neurological deficit. Lumbar radiographs showed bilateral pars defects at L3, L4, and L5 and grade-I spondylolisthesis at L4/L5 and L5/S1, but flexion and extension views showed no obvious translation. Review of medical records showed that the patient had already had three-level bilateral spondylolysis at L3, L4, and L5 almost thirty years ago. The patient had no history of lumbar surgery during the intervening years. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were initially prescribed. Physical therapy was prescribed for eight weeks, and the low back pain improved.

Conclusion:
For patients with multilevel lumbar spondylolysis without neurological symptoms and with slippage of <25%, we recommend conservative treatment with regular follow-up.
Drilling Training Requirements to Meet the Challenges of the Nineties
Authors: Fraser Ken 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
This paper looks at Drilling Training as it is applied at present and how it may-have to be changed to prepare it for the "Nineties".
In any job position a clear set of attributes are needed for staff to perform efficently. These can be broken down as follows:
Defined Education Defined Skills and Capabilities Defined Experience Defined Attitude
Training fulfills the role of ensuring that staff have these skills.
In the Nineties the Drilling Industry will change. Some of the new Technologies which are now appearing will become common place. These Tectinologies will probably include some or all of the following:
An Audited approach to Training Effectiveness Reduced Manning Levels/faulti Skilled Personnel Automated Rigs/Mechanical Pipe Handling Systems Tender Assisted Drilling Subsea Production Systems Electric Submersible Pumps Utilisation New Secondary and Tetiary Recovery Systems Horizontal Drilling Technology
These are comparatively new skills which must be mastered. All of the basic Drilling Skills which have been required to date are also needed. The time available to achieve all of this will probably be reduced by Operational Expansion following a period of Industrial recession.
The Ocean Odyssey: Well Control Project
Authors: Wann Kevin E. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The Ocean Odyssey well control project showed that it was possible to carry out a surface well kill operation by using the combined capabilities of a floating drilling rig moored at a location remote from the out of control subsea well with dynamically positioned diving support/well services, construction vessies. Novel techniques were used to abandon the well including the industries first subsea perforating job from a dynamically positioned monohull well servicing vessel.
Optimised Design, Operations Procedures and Materials Improve Cementing Results in the North Sea
Authors: Boyington W. H. , Drawe M. S. , Sweatman R. E. , Gill S. C. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The requirements for zonal isolation in Conoco's Hutton field have greatly increased as production from the field continues. High differential pressures approaching 1500 psi between zones which are less than 15' apart have made obtaining effective isolation of paramount importance. Problems with zonal communication behind the production casing were experienced due to an incomplete cement sheath. High pressure water zones flowed through cement channels to a low pressured oil zone and reduced oil production. In addition, water injection did not enter the desired zone.
A review of the methods used for primary cementing was completed and recommendations were made to improve the quality of the cement job. These recommendations were then implemented on subsequent wells. These recommendations included practices for conditioning the hole for the casing, designing the cement slurry and spacer system, and running and cementing the casing.
A high priority was placed on preparation of the hole for casing. Drilling practices were addressed such as maximum preferred hole angle, circulation rates, properties of the drilling fluid and making a conditioning trip after logging.
The cement slurry design was addressed in concert with the mud and spacer systems. A new test was devised to design a spacer system suitable for water wetting and mud filter cake removal. Rheological, settling and thickening properties of the slurry were addressed.
Casing running and cementing practices were reviewed. Sandblasting the casing, casing centralisation, casing running speeds and slurry volumes were, engineered. Fluid properties and circulation rates were optimised prior to cementing, as well as the use of multiple wiper plugs for separation of the mud, spacers and cement. Selection of cement mixing equipment and onsite supervision were also addressed.
As a result of this work, substantial improvements in primary cementing have resulted in near perfect cement bonds and elimination of zonal communication in the Hutton field.
On the Value of Information
Authors: Gerhardt J. H. , Haldorsen H. H. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Often it has to be decided if additional information should be collected or if further studies are necessary before a new field development or an incremental development project can be initiated. Ideally, additional information should be gathered only as long as it contributes to improving the total project net present value and reduces the company's Investment risk.
However, it is usually very difficult to attach an economic value to a specific data gathering activity. Lohrenz (1) presented a method for evaluating the value of information. This approach has been utilized in connection with decision making on: 1) a long term test of a vertical well in a small North Sea oil field, 2) a North Sea polymer pilot project, 3) extended production testing of a horizontal well in a reservoir with a thin oil rim. The method, its application and results for the three cases are described in this paper, advantages and disadvantages of the method are also discussed.
Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids: The Crosslinking of Hydroxypropyl Guar With Titanium Chelates
Authors: Clark P. E. , Barkat O. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
The rheological behavior of crosslinked hydroxypropyl guar systems is important in both the engineering design of fracturing treatments and the laboratory evaluation of potential fracturing fluid systems. A great deal of information is available in the literature from a number of workers, but there is still much to be learned about the nature of these systems.
Results obtained in this study provide insight into the effects of shear history, residence time, and chemical composition on the crosslinking reaction. Experiments are conducted in both tube and slot flow rheometers and a Rheometrics Pressure Rheometer (concentric cylinder geometry). Mixing of the crosslinker and hydroxypropyl guar solution is accomplished with a special mixing head which provides for continuous mixing. Using this mixing device, measurements are made on fluids which have not experienced any dead time (luring the mixing and measurement process.
Both steady and dynamic (oscillatory) shear tests are presented. The steady shear data provides insight into the nature of the reaction in laminar flow. An abrupt change in the reaction mechanism appears to occur below 100 s-h The fluid which exists in the slot or pipe in steady shear tests changes from a viscous fluid to a gel. Dynamic tests yield information on the effects of shear on the gel structure. Long term shear at elevated rates appear to irreversibly damage the systems ability to crosslink. The fluids which result from these tests either fail to crosslink or they do not form the same network structure present in systems which have not been subjected to high shear.
The results of a fracturing treatment are influenced by fluid performance. A better understanding of the rheology and the crosslinking process in commonly used fracturing fluids will improve our ability to optimize fracturing treatments.
Development of Low-Permeability Gas Reserves Hydraulic Fracture in the Surat Basin, Australia
Authors: Porteous W. R. , Delbaere M. A. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Hydraulic Fracturing of the Rewan and Showgrounds formations in the Namarah-Parknook fields of the Red Cap Block was performed in an attempt to establish commercial rates of gas production from a large volume of potential gas reserves in the Surat Basin. These formations had not been previously-fractured in Australia.
A geological and engineering study was made of the subject area before proceeding with the fracture treatments. This quantified the available gas-in-place and allowed selection of the best candidate wells for stimulation. Several cores were available from wells in the area and selected lengths were sent to the service company stimulation laboratory in the U.S.A. for detailed analysis to determine the best parametric values to employ in the computer-assisted design of the proposed fracturing treatments.
Four stimulation treatments were carried out on three wells in the area, with varying results. Similar sized fracture treatments were performed, but many changes were made to the pre-frac completions as well as the treatments themselves as they progressed. The changes were made to optimize designs, based on experience gained, and reduce costs while still achieving well-contained deep fractures in the pay zones. The first treated well, Namarah No. 2 was extensively production tested before stimulation, to allow an accurate comparison with post-frac production rates.
Selection of the proppant was based on the crushing forces on the proppant as well as on the ultimate reservoir pressure at depletion of the formations proposed for fracturing. Pumping rates were determined by the thickness of the pay zone to be fractured and the estimated degree of containment which could be expected from the natural barriers to fracture propagation contained in surrounding formations. Size of the treatment was based on the natural permeability-thickness of the reservoir rock and drainage area, as well as the need to achieve commercial gas flow rates from successful wells. Extensive use of computerized on-site monitoring technology and equipment was employed.