bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of an individualized dose titration regimen of patiromer to prevent hyperkalaemia in patients with heart failure and chronic kidney disease
Authors: Pitt Bertram , Bushinsky David A. , Kitzman Dalane W. , Ruschitzka Frank , Metra Marco , Filippatos Gerasimos , Rossignol Patrick , Du Mond Charles , Garza Dahlia , Berman Lance , Lainscak Mitja ,   on behalf of the Patiromer‐204 Investigators
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimsHyperkalaemia risk precludes optimal renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitor use in patients with heart failure (HF), particularly those with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Patiromer is a sodium‐free, non‐absorbed potassium (K+)‐binding polymer approved for the treatment of hyperkalaemia. In PEARL‐HF, patiromer 25.2 g (fixed dose) prevented hyperkalaemia in HF patients with or without CKD initiating spironolactone. The current study evaluated the effectiveness of a lower starting dose of patiromer (16.4 g/day) followed by individualized titration in preventing hyperkalaemia and hypokalaemia when initiating spironolactone.Methods and resultsThis open‐label 8‐week study enrolled 63 patients with CKD, serum K+ 4.3–5.1 mEq/L, and chronic HF, who, based on investigator opinion, should receive spironolactone. Eligible patients started spironolactone 25 mg/day and patiromer 16.8 g/day (divided into two doses), with patiromer titrated to maintain serum K+ 4.0–5.1 mEq/L. Mean (standard deviation) serum K+ was 4.78 (0.51) mEq/L at baseline; weekly values were 4.48–4.70 mEq/L during treatment. Serum K+ of 3.5–5.5 mEq/L at the end of study treatment (primary endpoint) was achieved by 57 (90.5%) patients; 53 (84.1%) had serum K+ 4.0–5.1 mEq/L. One patient (1.6%) developed hypokalaemia, and two patients (3.2%) developed hypomagnesaemia. Spironolactone was increased to 50 mg/day in all patients; 43 (68%) patients required one or more patiromer dose titration. Adverse events (AEs) occurred in 36 (57.1%) patients, with a low rate of discontinuations [four (6.3%) patients]. The most common AE was mild to moderate abdominal discomfort [four (6.3%) patients].ConclusionsIn this open‐label study, patiromer 16.8 g/day followed by individualized titration maintained serum K+ within the target range in the majority of patients with HF and CKD, all of whom were uptitrated to spironolactone 50 mg/day, patiromer was well tolerated, with a low incidence of hyperkalaemia, hypokalaemia, and hypomagnesaemia.
Carbon Nanotube Paper‐based Electrode for Electrochemical Detection of Chemicals in Rat Microdialysate
Authors: Qin Hancheng , Zhu Ziyu , Ji Wenliang , Zhang Meining 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPaper‐based analytical devices, which are suited to point‐of‐care diagnostics and on‐site detection because of cheap price and portability, have attracted increasing attention for improving global health and in other applications. Here, we constructed one carbon nanotube paper‐based electrode (CNTPE) for the detection of neurochemicals in brain microdialysate. CNTPE was directly fabricated through filter depositing CNT dispersion onto the surface of filter paper. The fabricated CNTPE have good electrochemical performance with advantage of CNT, which not only facilitate ascorbic acid (AA) oxidation, also could as a good platform to functionalize. As a proof, we demonstrate that the CNTPE act as electrode to detect AA directly and detect glucose with further modified CNTPE through electrodeposited Prussian blue (PB). The results show that the easily prepared CNTPE can be used for the selective measurement of AA without interference from dopamine and other electrochemical active substances; what's more, PB and glucose oxidase (GOx) modified CNTPE has good performance towards the specific detection of glucose. Therefore, we believe that CNTPE would have great potential application in detection of chemicals to understand the function of brain.
Removal of ferric ions from aluminum solutions by solvent extraction, Part II: kinetics study
Authors: Sun Xiaoxue , Sun Yuzhu , Yu Jianguo 
Published: January 2018

Extraction and stripping kinetics of removal of ferric iron from aluminum sulfate solutions using a synergic extractant consisting of di‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (P204) and tertiary amine (N235) were reported, in order to explore the basic data for the recovery of aluminum resources from coal spoil.The kinetics of extraction was studied in a highly stirred tank using a focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) and a Nikon microscope to monitor the contact between aqueous phase and organic phase. The data were analyzed in terms of a first‐order reversible reaction model. The effects of the stirring rate, FBRM data, and temperature on the extraction rate showed that the reaction might be kinetically controlled for extraction and be controlled by a mixed diffusion‐chemical reaction mechanism for stripping. The extraction results were compared with those of the system without N235. It was concluded that the presence of N235 decreases the extraction rate of ferric iron. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 1901–1907, 2018
Examination of a pilot intervention program to change parent supervision behaviour at Australian public swimming pools
Authors: Matthews Bernadette L. , Franklin Richard C. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIssue addressedDrowning is one of the leading causes of unintentional death in children worldwide. There is limited evidence about the effectiveness of programs targeting child drowning prevention at public swimming pools. We examined the effectiveness of a public education program (Keep Watch @ Public Pools) for improving child supervision levels by parents at public swimming pools.MethodsThe program was evaluated via an observational study of parent supervision behaviour with children aged 0‐14 years. Measures included domains of attention, proximity and preparedness. A rating scale from 0 = least effective to 4 = most effective was used, based upon the supervision domains. Seven public swimming pools in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia were randomised to either intervention or control pool. The intervention occurred over six weeks, and observations were taken over a one‐week period both pre‐ and postintervention. Observations of a total of 10 186 children and 6930 parents/carers were recorded and analysed.ResultsA significant improvement in attention, proximity and preparedness was observed in parents of children aged 6‐10 years at intervention pools. However, similar results were not observed in parents of children aged 0‐5 years and 11‐14 years.ConclusionsSupervision behaviour of parents can be modified, and the implications of these results for the community through to practice and policy are discussed.So what?Targeted public education programs provide an effective way of improving parental supervision of children at public swimming pools. Such education programs should be widely implemented throughout public swimming pools, as one part of a comprehensive approach to drowning prevention.
Economic consequences of over‐diagnosis of threatened preterm labor
Authors: Coloma Marta , Kang Fatima , Vallejo‐Torres Laura , Díaz Paloma , Méndez Yurena , Álvarez de la Rosa Margarita 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether adherence to a cervical length‐based protocol can reduce both unnecessary admissions and the socioeconomic costs associated with inappropriately admitted patients.MethodsThe present retrospective observational study included women admitted for threatened preterm labor (TPL) at 24–34 weeks of pregnancy to a tertiary hospital in the Canary Islands, 2009–2014. Data were reviewed from all patients admitted for TPL. Those with a long cervix (>25 mm) were classified as “inappropriate admissions”, and both the economic burden based on diagnosis‐related group (DRG) and the social costs associated with sick leave for these women were calculated.ResultsDuring the 6‐year study period, 430 women were admitted for TPL. The rate of inappropriate hospital admissions was 45% in the first year, but was reduced to 23% in the final year (P<0.001); the premature delivery rates in these years did not differ (P=0.224). The mean DRG‐based cost of the admission per patient with a long cervix was EU euros €2099. The total annual costs from inappropriate admission (both social security sick leave costs and hospital costs) were estimated to be up to €571 047.37 during the 6‐year study period, and reduced from €60 420.76 in 2009 to €29 998.04 in 2014.ConclusionReductions in inappropriate admissions from applying cervical length‐based management protocol could reduce healthcare costs without increasing the incidence of premature delivery.
Accuracy or delay? A game in detecting interest flooding attacks
Authors: Liu Gang , Quan Wei , Cheng Nan , Wang Kai , Zhang Hongke 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDue to the continuous recording of forwarding states, Information‐centric networking (ICN) introduces a new security threat named interest flooding attack. To mitigate this attack, most of the existing works focus on the detecting accuracy. However, we find another important factor that the detecting delay may result in long‐term memory occupation. In this letter, aiming to balance the detecting accuracy and delay, we propose an m‐list table‐based attack detecting (mTBAD) solution to minimize the detecting delay while guaranteeing the accuracy. Particularly, mTBAD maintains an m‐list table for malicious Interests entries by combining the disabling PIT exhaustion (DPE) and the negative acknowledgments (NACK). A lightweight monitor is equipped to issue m‐NACK packets to inform the attacked router and update its m‐list. Extensive simulations based on the GÉANT topology demonstrate that mTBAD reduces the detecting delay by 99.5% (from 280 to 1.2 milliseconds) compared with a state‐of‐the‐art mechanism, at the expense of a very slight loss regarding the false negative rate and the false positive rate. It proves that mTBAD can guarantee the detecting accuracy as well as to prevent long‐term memory occupation.
A latent class exploration of adolescent recovery capital
Authors: Hennessy Emily Alden 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRecovery capital, an ecological model, has been primarily used to study substance use disorder recovery among adults; however, as adolescents comprised 5.1% of substance treatment admissions in 2015 (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration, 2016), it is worth empirically exploring this model with specific attention to this population. Conditional latent variable mixture model analysis using the 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health explored whether there were observable classes of recovery capital among adolescents who needed treatment (N = 1,171) and whether sex, race, age, and history of substance use treatment differentiated class membership. The analysis revealed a 5‐class model of recovery capital classes: resource‐wealthy; strong social, weak community; religious, resource‐poor; strong community; secular, weak community. The religious, resource‐poor class was more likely to be a minority than all other classes and to be older. There were 5 qualitatively distinct patterns of recovery capital among adolescents, including a group who may be particularly vulnerable to relapse given their few capital resources.
Physical activity unveils the relationship between mitochondrial energetics, muscle quality, and physical function in older adults
Authors: Distefano Giovanna , Standley Robert A. , Zhang Xiaolei , Carnero Elvis A. , Yi Fanchao , Cornnell Heather H. , Coen Paul M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe concept of mitochondrial dysfunction in ageing muscle is highly controversial. In addition, emerging evidence suggests that reduced muscle oxidative capacity and efficiency underlie the aetiology of mobility loss in older adults. Here, we hypothesized that studying well‐phenotyped older cohorts across a wide range of physical activity would unveil a range of mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle and in turn allow us to more clearly examine the impact of age per se on mitochondrial energetics. This also enabled us to more clearly define the relationships between mitochondrial energetics and muscle lipid content with clinically relevant assessments of muscle and physical function.MethodsThirty‐nine volunteers were recruited to the following study groups: young active (YA, n = 2 women/8 men, age = 31.2 ± 5.4 years), older active (OA, n = 2 women/8 men, age = 67.5 ± 2.7 years), and older sedentary (OS, n = 8 women/11 men, age = 70.7 ± 4.7 years). Participants completed a graded exercise test to determine fitness (VO2peak), a submaximal exercise test to determine exercise efficiency, and daily physical activity was recorded using a tri‐axial armband accelerometer. Mitochondrial energetics were determined by (i) 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy and (ii) respirometry of fibre bundles from vastus lateralis biopsies. Quadriceps function was assessed by isokinetic dynamometry and physical function by the short physical performance battery and stair climb test.ResultsDaily physical activity energy expenditure was significantly lower in OS, compared with YA and OA groups. Despite fitness being higher in YA compared with OA and OS, mitochondrial respiration, maximum mitochondrial capacity, Maximal ATP production/Oxygen consumption (P/O) ratio, and exercise efficiency were similar in YA and OA groups and were significantly lower in OS. P/O ratio was correlated with exercise efficiency. Time to complete the stair climb and repeated chair stand tests were significantly greater for OS. Interestingly, maximum mitochondrial capacity was related to muscle contractile performance and physical function.ConclusionsOlder adults who maintain a high amount of physical activity have better mitochondrial capacity, similar to highly active younger adults, and this is related to their better muscle quality, exercise efficiency, and physical performance. This suggests that mitochondria could be an important therapeutic target for sedentary ageing associated conditions including sarcopenia, dynapenia, and loss of physical function.
Development of a novel 99mTc‐labeled small molecular antagonist for CXCR4 positive tumor imaging
Authors: Zhang Xuran , You Linyi , Chen Shuting , Gao Mengna , Guo Zhide , Du Jin , Lu Jie , Zhang Xianzhong 
Published: January 2018

The chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) has been an attractive molecular target for tumor imaging, because it is overexpressed in many tumor types and involved in tumor progression and metastasis. The purpose of this study is to examine the CXCR4 targeting properties of 99mTc‐labeled AMD3465, a small molecule antagonist of CXCR4. 99mTc‐AMD3465 was prepared in high yield (>95%) and stable in mice serum at least for 4 hours. In vitro cell binding experiments were performed with Chinese hamster ovary (CHO), MCF‐7 (breast cancer), and CHO‐CXCR4 (CHO stably transfected to express CXCR4) cell lines. Small animal single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography imaging studies in nude mice bearing MCF‐7 and CHO xenografts showed that the uptakes of the radiotracer in MCF‐7 tumors were significantly higher than those in the CXCR4‐negative CHO tumors (P < 0.05), and the MCF‐7 tumors uptake could be blocked with an excess of unlabeled AMD3465 (P < 0.05). These results suggested that 99mTc‐AMD3465 could be a potential single photon emission computed tomography radiotracer for CXCR4 imaging.
Effect of increased mechanical knee joint loading during running on the serum concentration of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP)
Authors: Firner Sara , Willwacher Steffen , de Marées Markus , Bleuel Judith , Zaucke Frank , Brüggemann Gert‐Peter , Niehoff Anja 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTThe purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of an increase in mechanical knee joint loading during running on the serum COMP level. On two different test days, 20 healthy men ran with knee orthoses for 30 min on a treadmill (v = 2.2 m/s). On day 1, the orthoses were passive, whereas on day 2 they were pneumatically driven (active) and thus increased the external knee flexion moments (+30.9 Nm) during stance phase. Lower‐limb mechanics and serum COMP levels (baseline; 0, 0.5, 1, 2 h post running) were analyzed. COMP levels increased immediately after running with passive (+35%; pre: 7.5 U/l, 95%CI: 6.4, 8.7, post: 9.8 U/l, 95%CI: 8.8, 10.8, p < 0.001) and active orthoses (+45%; pre: 7.6 U/l; 95%CI: 6.4, 8.8, post: 10.3 U/l, 95%CI: 9.2, 11.5, p < 0.001), but they did not differ between interventions. While running with active orthoses, greater ankle dorsiflexion angles, knee flexion angles, and moments occurred (p < 0.05). Comparing both interventions, the Δ COMP pre–post, meaning the difference (Δ) between running with active and passive orthoses in pre to post COMP level change (=level after (post) running minus level before (pre) running), correlated negatively with Δ COMP baseline (difference between the baseline COMP level before running with active and passive orthoses, r = −0.616; p = 0.004), and with a positive tendence with the Δ maximum knee flexion (r = 0.388; p = 0.091). Therefore, changes in COMP concentration after physical activity seem to be highly influenced by the COMP baseline level. In addition, correlation analysis indicates that modifications in knee joint kinematics have a greater effect on cartilage metabolism than an increase in joint moments. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1937–1946, 2018.
Complete tear of the lateral meniscus posterior root is associated with meniscal extrusion in anterior cruciate ligament deficient knees
Authors: Kamatsuki Yusuke , Furumatsu Takayuki , Fujii Masataka , Kodama Yuya , Miyazawa Shinichi , Hino Tomohito , Ozaki Toshifumi 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to evaluate the relationship between preoperative lateral meniscal extrusion (LME) and arthroscopic findings of lateral meniscus posterior root tear (LMPRT) in knees with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear. Thirty‐five knees that had LMPRTs with concomitant ACL tears on arthroscopy were evaluated. Patients were divided into two groups, partial and complete root tears, via arthroscopic findings at the time of ACL reconstruction. For comparison, we added two groups, using the same database; 20 normal knees (normal group) and 20 ACL‐injured knees without LM injury (intact LM group). We retrospectively measured preoperative LMEs using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Twenty‐three knees had partial LMPRTs. Complete LMPRTs were observed in 12 knees. The average LME was −0.1 ± 0.4 mm in the normal group, 0.2 ± 0.5 mm in the intact LM group, 0.4 ± 0.8 mm in the partial LMPRT group, and 2.0 ± 0.6 mm in the complete LMPRT group. A significant difference in preoperative LMEs was observed between the complete LMPRT group and the other groups (p < 0.001). The receiver operating curve analysis, which distinguishes a partial tear from a complete tear, identified an optimal cut‐off point of 1.1 mm for preoperative LME. This LME cut‐off had a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 83% for complete LMPRT. We found that preoperative LMEs were larger in complete LMPRTs associated with ACL injuries than in partial LMPRTs. Our results suggest that preoperative MRI‐detected LME may be a useful indicator for estimating LMPRT severity in ACL‐injured knees. Level of evidence: Retrospective comparative study level IV. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1894–1900, 2018.
Variations of the Indian summer monsoon over the last 30 000 years inferred from a pyrogenic carbon record from south‐west China
Authors: Zhang Enlou , Sun Weiwei , Chang Jie , Ning Dongliang , Shulmeister James 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTThe carbon isotope composition of pyrogenic carbon (δ13CPyC) can be used to identify changes in terrestrial vegetation and consequently climate. We analyzed the δ13CPyC values in a continuous lacustrine sediment core from the south‐east edge of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau that spans the last 30k cal a BP, to improve our understanding of changes in regional vegetation and the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) on centennial and millennial timescales. Our data show that a mixed C3/C4 plant community and a dry climate prevailed from 30 to 14.6k cal a BP. Monsoonal precipitation abruptly increased at the glacial–Holocene transition, and C3 plants growing under a humid climate dominated during the Holocene. Our record also reveals that ISM intensity decreased significantly during Heinrich Events and the Younger Dryas Chron. These findings suggest that changes in regional vegetation in south‐west China are primarily controlled by ISM intensity, which in turn is related to solar insolation and high‐latitude climate. This is the first δ13CPyC record covering the last glacial maximum from the region, and provides insight into orbital‐scale climate change and abrupt climate events that occurred in south‐western China's geological past.
The glacial geomorphology of the Loch Lomond (Younger Dryas) Stadial in Britain: a review
Authors: Bickerdike H. L. , Evans D. J. A. , Stokes C. R. , Ó Cofaigh C. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTThis paper systematically reviews the glacial geomorphological evidence of the Loch Lomond Stadial (LLS; Younger Dryas) glaciation in Britain (12.9–11.7 ka). The geomorphology of sub‐regions within Scotland, England and Wales is assessed, providing the most comprehensive synthesis of this evidence to date. The contrasting nature of the evidence at the local scale is reviewed and conceptual themes common to multiple sub‐regions are examined. Advancements in glaciological theory, mapping technologies, numerical modelling and dating have been applied unevenly to localities across Britain, inhibiting a holistic understanding of the extent and dynamics of the LLS glaciation at a regional scale. The quantity and quality of evidence is highly uneven, leading to uncertainties regarding the extent of glaciation and inhibiting detailed analysis of ice dynamics and chronology. Robust dates are relatively scarce, making it difficult to confidently identify the limits of LLS glaciers and assess their synchroneity. Numerical models have allowed the glacier–climate relationships of the LLS to be assessed but have, thus far, been unable to incorporate local conditions which influenced glaciation. Recommendations for future research are made that will allow refined reconstructions of the LLS in Britain and contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of glacier–climate interactions during the Younger Dryas.
Two‐parameter anisotropic homogenization for a Dirichlet problem for the Poisson equation in an unbounded periodically perforated domain. A functional analytic approach
Authors: Lanza de Cristoforis Massimo , Musolino Paolo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe consider a Dirichlet problem for the Poisson equation in an unbounded periodically perforated domain. The domain has a periodic structure, and the size of each cell is determined by a positive parameter δ, and the level of anisotropy of the cell is determined by a diagonal matrix γ with positive diagonal entries. The relative size of each periodic perforation is instead determined by a positive parameter ε. For a given valueof γ, we analyze the behavior of the unique solution of the problem astends toby an approach which is alternative to that of asymptotic expansions and of classical homogenization theory.