bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An idealized test case for assessing the linearization of tracer transport schemes in NWP models
Authors: Kent James , Holdaway Daniel 
Published: March 2017

The linearized version of a numerical weather prediction (NWP) model, which consists of its tangent linear model (TLM) and adjoint, has a number of important applications in atmospheric modelling. As such it is important that the linearized version of the NWP model can provide an accurate representation of the perturbation growth that occurs in the nonlinear model and does not introduce spurious instability. A suite of test cases, built upon existing frameworks, are developed to assess the accuracy of the linearization of the tracer transport component of the NWP model. Deformation velocities are prescribed that return the tracer back to the initial conditions, thus providing an analytical solution. A selection of smooth and discontinuous tracers and tracer perturbations are used.Example results are shown using second‐order and third‐order tracer transport schemes, both with and without nonlinear flux limiters. Metrics are offered for assessing the skill of the linearization and predicting when problems will occur. For the example schemes used, the results show that linearizations of the nonlinear flux‐limited transport schemes behave poorly due to the presence of unstable modes. Some linearized model implementation strategies are offered for situations where the nonlinear scheme should not be linearized.
Robust consensus of unicycles using ternary and hybrid controllers
Authors: Jafarian Matin 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThis paper presents consensus of the orientations and average positions for a group of unicycles using ternary and hybrid controllers. The decentralized controllers designed to reach consensus of the average positions take only values in the set {−1,0,+1}. In addition, a hybrid controller is introduced to control the orientations. Finite‐time practical consensus of the average positions is proven despite the simple ternary control laws together with asymptotic consensus of the orientations. Furthermore, the consensus problem is studied in the presence of matched input disturbances that are locally rejected using an internal‐model‐based controller. The analysis is performed in a hybrid framework. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the design. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Amino Sugar Promoted Green Protocol: A One‐Pot, Meglumine‐Catalyzed, Multicomponent Strategy for Synthesis of Multifaceted Pyrroloacridin‐1(2H)‐one Derivatives
Authors: Rai Pratibha , Mishra Anu , Srivastava Madhulika , Yadav Snehlata , Bhartendu Pati Tripathi  , Singh Jaya , Singh Jagdamba 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA concise and convenient meglumine catalysed, multicomponent, one pot synthetic pathway for pyrroloacridine via 1,3 diketones, aniline and isatin in ethanol:water mixed solvent system has been proposed. Use of an enviromentally benign catalyst, meglumine, an amino sugar was preferred due to remarkable properties such as being inexpensive, recyclable, physiologically inactive and biodegradable. Green reaction condition, broad substrate scope, operational simplicity, incorporation of an eco‐efficient catalyst, formation of C−N bond and high yields of product are some important hallmarks of the proposed strategy.
Asymmetric Synthesis of 3‐Amino Oxindoles Using Isatin‐Derived N‐Boc Ketimines with Activated Nitroolefin Catalyzed by Organocatalysts
Authors: Choudhary Manoj K. , Menapara Tusharkumar , Tak Rajkumar , Kureshy Rukhsana I. , Khan Noor‐ul H. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAsymmetric synthesis of 3‐aminooxindole via aza‐MBH reaction by using isatin‐derived N‐Boc ketimines with activated nitroolefin (2 and 3) is reported for the first time by using various organocatalysts where chiral thiourea‐based organocatalyst OC‐7 was found to be better catalyst to give the products in high yield with high diastereoselectivity (up to >99:1) and good enantioselectivity (up to 97:3 er). A probable mechanism for the formation of 3‐aminooxindole is established by 1H & 13C NMR studies.
Self‐administered rhubarb‐free kyoseihatekigan has novel anti‐asthma effects: Two case reports
Authors: Kimura Ikuko , Kagawa Syota , Nishimura Kaori 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTCasesA sudden asthma attack in patient 1, a 36‐year‐old man, was treated with standard anti‐asthma drugs; and patient 2, a 76‐year‐old woman, developed asthma 6 years earlier that worsened every winter. Standard anti‐asthma drugs inadequately improved their symptoms.OutcomesSelf‐administered rhubarb‐free kyoseihatekigan (xiang‐sheng‐po‐di wan) remarkably improved the asthma symptoms of patient 1, who required fewer prescription drugs and lower doses thereafter, and in patient 2, who discontinued prescription drugs.ConclusionsRhubarb‐free kyoseihatekigan improves throat conditions such as laryngitis and hoarseness and does not require a prescription. These two case reports, however, indicate that rhubarb‐free kyoseihatekigan also has novel anti‐asthma effects.
Lusternik-Schnirelman-theory for Lagrangian intersections
Authors: Hofer H. 
Published: March 2017

Consider a compact symplectic manifold

(M, ω)

together with a pair

(L, L_1)

of isotopic compact Lagrangian submanifolds such that

π_2(M, L) = 0

.

Using Gromov’s theory of (almost) holomorphic curves the cohomological properties of a family of holomorphic disks are studied. By means of a stretching construction for those disks and a Lusternik–Schnirelman theory in compact topological spaces cuplength estimates for the intersection set

L ∩ L_1

are derived.

Résumé

On examiṅe une variété symplectique compacte

(M, ω)

munie d’un couple

(L_0, L_1)

de sous-variétés lagrangiennes isotopes telles que

π_2(M, L) = 0

.

En utilisant la théorie des courbes presque holomorphes, développée par Gromov, on étudie la cohomologie de certaines familles de disques holomorphes. On en déduit, par la théorie de Lusternik–Schnirelman, des estimations du cuplength de l’intersection

L_0 ∩ L_1

.
On a non linear partial differential equation having natural growth terms and unbounded solution
Authors: Murat F. , Bensoussan A. , Boccardo L. 
Published: March 2017

We prove the existence of a solution of the nonlinear elliptic equation:

A(u) + g(x, u,\mathrm Du) = h(x)

, where

A

is a Leray–Lions operator from

\mathrm{W}_{0}^{1,\:p}\left(\mathrm{\Omega }\right)

into

W^{−1, p'}(Ω)

and

g

is a nonlinear term with “natural” growth with respect to

\mathrm Du

[i.e. such that

|g(x, u, ξ)| ≦ b(|u|) (|ξ|^p+ c(x))

], satisfying the sign condition

g(x, u, ξ)u ≧ 0

but no growth condition with respect to

u

. Here

h

belongs to

W^{−1, p'}(Ω)

, thus the solution

u

of the problem does not in general be more smooth than

\mathrm{W}_{0}^{1,\:p}\left(\mathrm{\Omega }\right)

. The existence of a solution is also proved for the corresponding obstacle problem.

Résumé

Nous démontrons l’existence d’une solution du problème elliptique non linéaire

A(u) + g(x, u,\mathrm Du) = h(x)

, où

A

est un opérateur de Leray–Lions de

\mathrm{W}_{0}^{1,p}\left(\mathrm{\Omega }\right)

à valeurs dans

W^{−1, p'}(Ω)

et où

g

est un terme non linéaire à croissance « naturelle » en

\mathrm Du

[i.e. tel que

|g(x, u, ξ)| ≦ b(|u|) (|ξ|^p+ c(x))

], qui satisfait la condition de signe

g(x, u, ξ)u ≧ 0

mais dont la croissance en

u

n’est pas limitée. Le second membre

h

appartient à

W^{−1, p'}(Ω)

, et la solution

u

du problème n’est donc pas, en général, plus régulière que

\mathrm{W}_{0}^{1,p}(\mathrm{\Omega })

. Nous démontrons également l’existence d’une solution pour l’inéquation variationnelle avec obstacle associée à ce problème.
A new approach for the analysis of Vortex Methods in two and three dimensions
Authors: Cottet Georges-Henri 
Published: March 2017

A new approach for the analysis of Vortex Methods is described. This analysis which is based on the notion of weak solution for the convection deformation vorticity form of the Euler equations leads to convergence results in the case of Vortex In Cell methods as well as for three dimensional Vortex Methods.

Résumé
On écrit une nouvelle approche permettant une analyse simplifiée des méthodes de vortex. Cette analyse utilise la notion de solution faible des équations de convection déformation du tourbillon et aboutit à des résultats de convergence en particulier dans le cas des méthodes de Vortex In Cell ainsi que pour des méthodes de vortex tridimensionnelles.
On the singular limit in a phase field model of phase transitions
Authors: Alikakos Nicholas D. , Bates Peter W. 
Published: March 2017

The limits of families of stable solutions for the equation

ε^2 Δu_ε − f(u_ε) + T(|x|) = 0

over radially symmetric domains with no-flux boundary conditions are discribed. Particular emphasis is placed on the characterization of points of discontinuity of these limits (interfaces) and on the description of the graph of

u_ε

for small

ε

. Sufficient conditions for existence of interfaces in terms of the temperature function,

T

, are given. The analysis is more complete for families of global minimizers of the associated energy functional.

Résumé

On étudie les limites de familles de solutions stables de l’équation

ε^2 Δu_ε − f(u_ε) + T(|x|) − 0

sur des domaines à symétrie radiale sans flux au bord. On s’attache particulièrement à caractériser les points de discontinuité de ces limites (interfaces) et à décrire le graphe de

u_ε

pour petit

ε

. On donne des conditions suffisantes sur la température T pour qu’il existe des interfaces. On analyse de manière plus approfondie les familles minimisant l’énergie totale.
Implications of rank one convexity
Authors: Sivaloganathan J. 
Published: March 2017

In this paper we study some of the implications for stability of equilibria in nonlinear elastostatics of assuming that the stored energy function is rank one convex.

Résumé
Dans cet article nous étudions la stabilité des équilibres en élastostatique non linéaire sous l’hypothèse que la fonction d’énergie emmagasinée est convexe de rang un.
Evaluation of oral wetness using an improved moisture‐checking device for the diagnosis of dry mouth
Authors: Fukushima Yosuke , Yoda Tetsuya , Araki Ryuichiro , Sakai Takayoshi , Toya Shuji , Ito Kayoko , Funayama Saori , Enoki Yuichiro , Sato Tsuyoshi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPurpose: In 2013, we reported the results of a third‐generation oral moisture‐checking device in a multicentre clinical study involving patients with dry mouth and healthy volunteers. Subsequently, several improvements have been made to the third‐generation device, and a fourth‐generation device is now commercially available. This study aimed to confirm the usefulness of this improved fourth‐generation device in the diagnosis of dry mouth and to assess the physiological wetness of lingual mucosa by using this device.Materials and Method: This multicentre study comprised subjects with dry mouth (dry mouth group) and those without dry mouth (healthy group).Results: In this study, the degree of moisture was considerably different between the two groups. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed an area under the curve value of 0.831. Sensitivity and specificity values were close to 80% in cases where the degree of moisture ≥29.6 was defined as normal, ≤27.9 was defined as dry mouth, and 28.0–29.5 was defined as borderline dry mouth.Conclusions: These results suggest that the improved fourth‐generation moisture‐checking device can be used for the diagnosis of oral dryness.
Bovine and human becomings in histories of dairy technologies: robotic milking systems and remaking animal and human subjectivity
Authors: HOLLOWAY LEWIS , BEAR CHRISTOPHER 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis paper positions the recent emergence of robotic or automatic milking systems (AMS) in relation to discourses surrounding the longer history of milking technologies in the UK and elsewhere. The mechanization of milking has been associated with sets of hopes and anxieties which permeated the transition from hand to increasingly automated forms of milking. This transition has affected the relationships between humans and cows on dairy farms, producing different modes of cow and human agency and subjectivity. In this paper, drawing on empirical evidence from a research project exploring AMS use in contemporary farms, we examine how ongoing debates about the benefits (or otherwise) of AMS relate to longer-term discursive currents surrounding the historical emergence of milking technologies and their implications for efficient farming and the human and bovine experience of milk production. We illustrate how technological change is in part based on understandings of people and cows, at the same time as bovine and human agency and subjectivity are entrained and reconfigured in relation to emerging milking technologies, so that what it is to be a cow or human becomes different as technologies change. We illustrate how this results from – and in – competing ways of understanding cows: as active agents, as contributing to technological design, as ‘free’, as ‘responsible’ and/or requiring surveillance and discipline, and as efficient co-producers, with milking technologies, of milk.
Maternal use of dietary supplements during pregnancy is not associated with coeliac disease in the offspring: The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study
Authors: Yang Jimin , Tamura Roy N. , Aronsson Carin A. , Uusitalo Ulla M. , Lernmark Åke , Rewers Marian , Hagopian William A. , She Jin-Xiong , Toppari Jorma , Ziegler Anette G. , Akolkar Beena , Krischer Jeffrey P. , Norris Jill M. , Virtanen Suvi M. , Agardh Daniel ,   The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in The Young study group
Published: March 2017

AbstractPerinatal exposure to nutrients and dietary components may affect the risk for coeliac disease (CD). We investigated the association between maternal use of vitamin D, n-3 fatty acids (FA) and Fe supplements during pregnancy and risk for CD autoimmunity (CDA) and CD in the offspring. Children at increased genetic risk were prospectively followed from birth in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. CDA was defined as having persistently positive tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies (tTGA). Diagnosis of CD was either biopsy-confirmed or considered likely if having persistently elevated levels of tTGA>100 AU. Of 6627 enrolled children, 1136 developed CDA at a median 3·1 years of age (range 0·9–10) and 409 developed CD at a median 3·9 years of age (range 1·2–11). Use of supplements containing vitamin D, n-3 FA and Fe was recalled by 66, 17 and 94 % of mothers, respectively, at 3–4 months postpartum. The mean cumulative intake over the entire pregnancy was 2014 μg vitamin D (sd 2045 μg), 111 g n-3 FA (sd 303 g) and 8806 mg Fe (sd 7017 mg). After adjusting for country, child’s human leucocyte antigen genotype, sex, family history of CD, any breast-feeding duration and household crowding, Cox’s proportional hazard ratios did not suggest a statistically significant association between the intake of vitamin D, n-3 FA or Fe, and risk for CDA or CD. Dietary supplementation during pregnancy may help boost nutrient intake, but it is not likely to modify the risk for the disease in the offspring.
Morphological and molecular characterization of selected species of Hysterothylacium (Nematoda: Raphidascarididae) from marine fish in Iraqi waters
Authors: Ghadam M. , Banaii M. , Mohammed E.T. , Suthar J. , Shamsi S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHysterothylacium species are perhaps the most abundant and diverse group of marine ascaridoids; however, their life cycle and specific identification in larval stages in many parts of the world, particularly in Iraqi marine waters, have not been completely understood. In this study three members of the genus Hysterothylacium collected from Khor Abdulla in Iraq are morphologically described, genetically characterized and their relationship with other closely related taxa are compared and discussed. A new Hysterothylacium larval type in the fourth stage of development is described, and morphological and molecular evidence (based on the sequences of internal transcribed spacers) are provided for its distinction from previously known fourth-stage Hysterothylacium larval types. Based on the sequence data it is suggested that the new larval type, which herein was assigned as Hysterothylacium larval type XVI, is H. persicum which was previously reported from the close proximity in Bandar Abbas, Iran. In addition, two other taxa, including Hysterothylacium larval type XV and H. reliquens, have been found in the present study, for which new hosts are reported. This study provides some insights into the taxonomy and systematics of these parasites, not only in this region but also for similar studies elsewhere.
Effects of thiocolchicoside, a commonly used myorelaxant, on the acoustic reflex
Authors: Arslan H H , Cebeci S , Yildizoglu U , Pusat S , Yavuz F 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjective:To determine whether thiocolchicoside, a commonly used myorelaxant, may impair the acoustic reflex.Methods:Forty-two patients scheduled to receive thiocolchicoside treatment for different reasons were enrolled in the study. Acoustic reflex thresholds at 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz were determined and analysed statistically pre-treatment and on the 5th day of treatment.Results:Increases were observed in the mean acoustic reflex thresholds on the 5th day of treatment compared to pre-treatment, at all frequencies, except right contralateral thresholds at 500 and 2000 Hz. These increases were statistically significant for right ipsilateral thresholds at 2000 and 4000 Hz, left ipsilateral thresholds at 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz, and left contralateral thresholds at 2000 and 4000 Hz (p ≤ 0.05), but not at other frequencies (p > 0.05).Conclusion:Muscle relaxant drugs, especially those affecting the central nervous system, may weaken the stapedial muscle so that the ability of noise to cause acoustic trauma may become evident. For this reason, physicians should advise their patients to avoid loud noises when muscle relaxant therapy is prescribed.
Enter the Troika: The Politics of Social Security during Ireland's Bailout
Authors: HICK ROD 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis paper examines the influence of the Troika on the retrenchment and reform of social security in Ireland during its bailout between 2010 and 2013. To do this, it draws on data from in-depth interviews with senior civil servants and civil society organisation staff who met with the Troika as part of their quarterly missions to Ireland during this period. The key themes which emerged from these interviews include the largely domestic origins of social security retrenchment and reform; the surprising, and distinctive, positions adopted by the European Commission and the International Monetary Fund (IMF); the extent of the Irish government's room for manoeuvre in this area, and the ways in which the Irish government defended social security against proposals for additional cuts put forward by the Troika. The paper concludes by arguing that the scope for domestic decision-making was heavily constrained, yet non-trivial, and that the Troika's influence comprised not only ‘powering’ but also ‘persuasion’.
Partial and synchronized captioning: A new tool to assist learners in developing second language listening skill
Authors: Mirzaei Maryam Sadat , Meshgi Kourosh , Akita Yuya , Kawahara Tatsuya 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis paper introduces a novel captioning method, partial and synchronized captioning (PSC), as a tool for developing second language (L2) listening skills. Unlike conventional full captioning, which provides the full text and allows comprehension of the material merely by reading, PSC promotes listening to the speech by presenting a selected subset of words, where each word is synched to its corresponding speech signal. In this method, word-level synchronization is realized by an automatic speech recognition (ASR) system, dedicated to the desired corpora. This feature allows the learners to become familiar with the correspondences between words and their utterances. Partialization is done by automatically selecting words or phrases likely to hinder listening comprehension. In this work we presume that the incidence of infrequent or specific words and fast delivery of speech are major barriers to listening comprehension. The word selection criteria are thus based on three factors: speech rate, word frequency and specificity. The thresholds for these features are adjusted to the proficiency level of the learners. The selected words are presented to aid listening comprehension while the remaining words are masked in order to keep learners listening to the audio. PSC was evaluated against no-captioning and full-captioning conditions using TED videos. The results indicate that PSC leads to the same level of comprehension as the full-captioning method while presenting less than 30% of the transcript. Furthermore, compared with the other methods, PSC can serve as an effective medium for decreasing dependence on captions and preparing learners to listen without any assistance.
2-O-Methylmagnolol upregulates the long non-coding RNA, GAS5, and enhances apoptosis in skin cancer cells
Authors: Wang Tong-Hong , Chan Chieh-Wen , Fang Jia-You , Shih Ya-Min , Liu Yi-Wen , Wang Tzu-Chien V , Chen Chi-Yuan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMagnolol, a hydroxylated biphenol compound isolated from the bark of Magnolia officinalis, has been shown to exhibit anti-proliferative effect in various cancer cells, including skin cancer cells. Methoxylation of magnolol appears to improve its anti-inflammatory activity, yet the effect of this modification on the agent’s antitumor activity remains unknown. In this work, we report that 2-O-methylmagnolol (MM1) displays improved antitumor activity against skin cancer cells compared to magnolol both in vitro and in vivo. The increased antitumor activity of MM1 appears to correlate with its increased ability to induce apoptosis. DNA microarray and network pathway analyses suggest that MM1 affects certain key factors involved in regulating apoptosis and programmed cell death. Interestingly, the level of the long non-coding (lnc) RNA of growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) was increased in MM1-treated cells, and inhibition of lncRNA GAS5 inhibited MM1-induced apoptosis. Conversely, overexpression of lncRNA GAS5 inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis in skin cancer cells. The expression of lncRNA GAS5 in the skin cancer tissues was found to be lower than that in the adjacent normal tissues in a majority of patients. Taken together, our findings suggest that MM1 has improved antitumor activity in skin cancer cells, and that this is due, at least in part, to the upregulation of lncRNA GAS5 and the enhancement of apoptosis.