bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Typology Of Regulations Related To Minorities In The National Legislations Of Certain States
Authors: Andriţoi Claudia 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The international regulations in the filed of minorities settle not only an international standard, but also a set of norms generally accepted by the states in this respect. Like in other domains of human rights, these norms represent a minimum of regulations beyond which one or several states, depending on their concrete situation and the international commitment they assume in the regional or bilateral plane, may apply more comprehensive norms and concepts. Such an approach corresponds also to the distinct situations of diverse minorities in the word: numerous or less numerous, compact or dispersed from the demographic point of view; some have been taken centuries to congregate, others have been formed recently, as a result of migration, whereas others have originated from native populations; some minorities are constituted according to ethnic criteria, others according to linguistic, cultural or religious criteria, and these elements are rarely encountered together.
Policies Of Preservation And Protection Of The Culture And Identity Of Immigrants
Authors: Ariton-Gelan Cristina 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This paper addresses the phenomenon of immigrant integration within a community in terms of what is currently called cultural integration, with landmarks such as government policies in the European community and the ways to implement in practice. This theme is approached from two angles: the way in which organizations can provide services that are more accessible to immigrants- and which help increase their sense of belonging and civic participation - which means employment of migrants to participate actively in society. The first angle of approach relates to the ways in which different institutions and organizations involved in the integration of immigrants (by providing social services to them) can develop the latter’s intercultural skills. The second angle of approach concerns the ways in which immigrants and non-immigrants can be mobilized around different facets of active citizenship or around religious dialogue. Realizing a synergy of the two angles of approach in terms of cultural integration of immigrants, an important aspect of this paper is to argue the issue of interpretation of the role of the media in this context.
Some Aspects Of International Offences: Offences/Crimes And Offences/Delicts
Authors: Barbu Denisa 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Generally, justifying the theme aims to analyse the two categories of international crimes, i.e. offences/delicts and offences/crimes emphasizing the similarities and the differences between them because on the basis of the conclusions which will result and the degree of danger we can argue the framing of some of the offences/delicts under the category of offences/crimes, what we think it could help to reduce the criminality.
The element of novelty of the study is characterized by the fact that it is intended to be a review of all aspects of the efficiency of international co-operation in preventing and combating international crime/offences, on all levels, respectively, political, legal, technical and operative, in the framework of the most important mechanisms developed and agreed by states in this area.
Committing such severe acts, which violates any international regulation, requires states to fight back entirely, punishing the guilty ones. The legislation in force and the doctrine, the jurisprudence recognizes the principle according to which the offense is the only basis of criminal liability.
The notion of „crime” in its sphere includes both offences committed with intent or negligence, and also the crimes of common or international law.
The Return Of The Property Clause In Donation Contracts – A Comparative Analysis In French And Romanian Legal Systems
Authors: Codrea Codrin 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
In both French and Romanian legal systems, the special irrevocability which governs the field of donations presupposes that certain clauses cannot be stipulated in the donation contract. Such clauses, which are prohibited as incompatible with the principle of the irrevocability of donations, would allow the donor to unilaterally revoke the contract. This article is concerned, on the one hand, with the origin and the evolution of the special irrevocability of donations and, on the other hand, with the compatibility of the return of the donated good clause with the principle of irrevocability of donations. The return of the property clause will be analyzed in a comparative manner in French and Romanian legal systems by looking at the provisions of the French Civil Code, 1865 Romanian Civil Code and of the contemporary Romanian Civil Code, in order to put into perspective both similarities and differences between the civil regulations of the two legal systems, but also the changes within the Romanian civil law from the previous Civil Code to the current one.
The Importance Of Enforcing The Fundamental Principles Of International Law During The Negotiation Process
Authors: Gună Dan 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Diplomatic negotiations represent the most frequently regulated and used method when it comes to states settling their international conflicts. The negotiation process can be influenced by many factors, such as: the characteristics of the conflict, the power balance, the relation between the parties in conflict. From the perspective of international law, a significant importance for the success of negotiations is held by the observance of some principles such as: sovereign equality of the parties, the absence of force or threat to use the force, good faith, lack of interference in internal affairs, abstention from committing any act capable to worsen the conflict. For a solid lengthy settlement of a conflict, no solution can be imposed by using the force or threatening to use it and, hence, transgressing the essential attribute of states – sovereignty. States must show a good faith attitude during negotiations and use this diplomatic method with the real intent of settling the conflict and not for other strategic reasons, like getting extra time or creating a good faith appearance in front of the public opinion as they were looking for a solution.
Specific Features Of The Consumer Credit Contract Enforcement
Authors: Mocanu Livia 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Consumers' demands for purchasing goods and services, which are more and more complex and different, have been and are insured, in the absence of the necessary or sufficient amounts of money, by means of credits granted for consumption; the field in question is generically named “consumer credit. This financial-legal mechanism which is widely spread and useful contains the consumer credit contract as key element, which has some specific features for private law, both in terms of its constitution and enforcement. Given its relatively recent existence within the Romanian legal system, the present work aims to carry out an analysis of the main rules governing the enforcement of the consumer credit contract, in the context of the national and European legislation.
The Public Administrator-Judicial Status Of The Management Contract
Authors: Panagoreţ Ioana , Ivanoff Ivan Vasile 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Public administrator is a new function, which was introduced into the Romanian legislation by Law no. 286/2006 amending and supplementing Law no. 215/2001; the contract management, under which public administrators carry out their responsibilities, is not defined either by legislation or by doctrine, because there are various opinions in the specialty literature ranging from its qualification as a labor contract to the civil nature of this legal relationship. In this article, we try to provide a basis for the contractual administrative view about the management contract concluded between a public administrator and the executive public authority within an administrative territorial unit.
Reflections About Public Property In The Romanian Constitutional System And Comparative Law – Selective Aspects
Authors: Pavel Nicolae 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
What seems relevant for the present study to highlight is the approach evolving reflections about public property in the Romanian constitutional system and comparative law.
The subject of the scientific endeavour will be circumscribed to the scientific analysis of its parts, as follows: 1) Introduction. 2) Identification of constitutional rules on public property in Romanian constitutional system and comparative law. 3) Highlights of Romanian doctrine and comparative law on public property. 4. Highlights of jurisprudence regarding public property. 5) Conclusions.
Political Participation And Protest Regulations In The Republic Of Bulgaria In 2013
Authors: Popov Nikolay , Georgieva Gergana 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Holding a meeting or demonstration is a constitutional right (Art. 43 of the Constitution). The order is defined in the Law on gatherings, meetings and manifestations, and every municipal council shall issue an ordinance regulating the details for conducting such events in their country. However, the ongoing protests and counter-protests in Bulgaria have caused debates regarding the mass gatherings out in the open under the Bulgarian Law on gatherings, meetings and manifestations. Entered into force on 2.02.1990, the law does not seem a sufficient answer to the people's expectations for responsiveness to current conditions and dynamic public relations. The present article aims to indicate new practices in the forms of political participation in Bulgaria in 2013.
Liberty Of Conscience, Natural Right And Essence Of Liberty Of Thinking
Authors: Tarnu Lucian Ioan 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Liberty of thinking is an absolute characteristic of human rights manifested in our society and it has both an individual dimension - meaning having opinions and beliefs - and a social and political dimension - if we think at their development.
Liberty of thinking, conscience and religion represent some of the basic components of a democratic society. This also occurs as the most important elements of the identity of a nation and it contributes significantly to its proper development.
Human conscience can not and should not be directed by administrative means, but it should always be the result of its liberty of thinking and revealing thoughts. As it is regulated at the constitutional level, liberty of conscience has a complex content. It is one of the oldest citizen liberties, one of tradition, which is known under either its proper name or various aspects, such as liberty of speech, liberty of association and liberty of press.
Legal Aspects Of The Right To Respect Private And Family Life
Authors: Tudor Vasile 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Free development of human personality and dignity, which are values proclaimed by the Romanian Constitution, right in the Article 1, can not exist without respecting and protecting married, family and private life. The right to respect and protect married, family and private life is part of the list of fundamental rights and freedom, and has a complex content. Belonging to the legal category of fundamental rights clarifies the legal character of the right to respect private and family life, but even its definition is not as clear as such. The legal aspect of family is, at its turn, complex and can be divided into two major coordinates: protecting family as a social entity by establishing legal requirements to ensure access to such status and establishing mutual rights and duties of family members.
Is Maritime English The Key In Solving Communication Problems Within Multinational Crews?
Authors: Apostol-Mates Raluca , Barbu Alina 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
In the present world of international shipping, where multinational and multicultural crews are the most common, communication between those on board and between ship and shore is increasingly important.
The present paper intention is to reveal, pinpoint and analyze different problems that emerge from the heterogeneous crews’ failure in communication. The basis of the analysis is given by a number of maritime accident reports in which lack of communication between crew members played a paramount role in the causal chain. The paper also intends to put an accent on the benefits of maritime English.
Text Messaging Vs Academic Writing - A Case Study
Authors: Boştină-Bratu Simona 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The paper aims to bring into discussion the relationship between informal e-communication and formal writing, focusing on the use of SMS language, which is in a constant evolution, particularly among the young generations. SMS language is also a controversial topic today: some linguists and teachers are concerned that this abbreviated language, with its carefree spelling, its poor punctuation and grammar and its paucity of vocabulary is a real menace to students’ quality of writing; others, on the contrary, consider it inspiring and useful as students with a good command of texting also possess a broader facility for language. But what do students have to say about the topic? In order to gain insight into how they view the role and impact of texting on their writing, a questionnaire was distributed to a group of army cadets. The answers show that although text messaging is widely used and is an important tool of communication among young people, students consider that it has a negligible impact on their overall writing abilities and they strongly appreciate the value of writing for their future career.
Romanian University Governance In The Knowledge Society
Authors: Duică Mircea Constantin , Duică Anişoara , Savu Bogdan Cătălin 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The European strategies and policies on education aim to reform and increase the flexibility of the higher education systems, to better answer the society’s needs, in the context of the challenges raised by the knowledge society. In this context, the quality of higher education has become a matter of public responsibility, and universities, based on their autonomy, should institute efficient university governance mechanisms that would permit an efficient use of their resources. University governance, as a process, relies on a realistic evaluation of the available resources and on the taking on - based on the university autonomy - of a future development direction, in conditions of efficacy and efficiency. The specific demands of the internal managerial control systems make it necessary for the university management to asset - by means of the control function - the results’ deviations from the objectives, to analyze the causes that triggered them and to issue the necessary corrective or preventive measures. In this context, risk management represents an efficient instrument, specific for university governance, in the knowledge society, which contributes to the efficient use of the resources available to the universities.
Translation And Agency – A Knowledge-Based Organisation
Authors: Petraru Ana-Magdalena 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This paper purports to give an overview of translators as agents and their agency which should be viewed as a knowledge-based organisation in today’s globalized world. In our approach we will draw on Translation Studies (Baker and Saldanha, 2009), in general, and the situation of the profession in Romania with its recent developments, in particular (namely the proposal for a new controversial law which all legal translators and their agencies should obey). Last but not least, our aim is to account for translators as agents and translation agency in our country in the context of ethical practice and the increasingly stressful, demanding challenges of the job which is constantly frowned upon by the general public in the era of google translation.
Evaluation Of The Data Applicable For Determining The Routes Of Movements Of Military Vehicles In Tactical Operation
Authors: Kristalova Dana 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
War Conflicts in the past twenty years have shown the need to digitalize the battlefield. The commander needs a lot of input data for his right decision. These data are necessary for an automated decision-making process. For the successful planning of routes of movement, whether in peace or combat conditions, it is required to know the terrain and at the same time the use of algorithms for finding the correct paths. The determination of the level of Cross-Country Movement (abbr. CCM), or also the traffic ability of the terrain, is the basis for this right decision. Analysis of the Cross-Country Movement means the assessment of several geographical and tactical, technical and human factors together, i.e. that it is multi-criterial analysis. Finding the optimal path based on specified criteria (security, distance, economic cost, time) is not a trivial matter and therefore testing road conditions in the field is carried out. These tests validate the previous calculations.
Methods And Criteria For Selecting The Suitable Materials To Achieve The New Ballistic Protection Vest Designed To Womens
Authors: Badea Simona Maria , Lăzăroaie Claudiu , Zecheru Teodora , Lazăr Ioana 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Women’s participation in the activities, which were limited only for men in the past, has increased over the years. Since women are not in the majority, the protective equipment they wear has not been developed for their use.
In our project, we are intending to identify the available materials and technologies to produce new composite materials for ergonomic ballistic protection equipment for women from national defense system, in the respect of providing better fit and mobility to the wearer. The main goal of the project is to apply a design and materials that offers more comfort to the wearers (female soldiers) using the best available technologies and materials.
This paper presents the methods and the criteria to select the best materials suitable for achieving a new ballistic protection vest designed especially for women from national defense system, in order to meet the requirements regarding the protection against ballistic threats and the comfort demands too.
Investigation Of The Influence On Additional Mounted On Barrel Edge Concentrated Mass Over The Grouping Of Gunshot Hits In Single Shooting
Authors: Conev Conyu Grigorov , Davidov Krasimir Stoianov 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
One part of universal tendencies that are connected with armament building now is orientated to creating new models of small arms, that have increased battle effectiveness. The grouping is one of the most important technical characterizations that increase battle effectiveness of small arms. In many cases, adding muzzle devices increases bullet dispersing. In order to avoid this, it is necessary that the grouping in these cases should be investigated. This article presents an experimental investigation on the influence of an additional mounted on barrel edge concentrated mass over the grouping of gunshot hits in single shooting.
The Multilayered Plate Behaviour Under Bomb Impact
Authors: Lupoae Marin , Bârsan Ghiţă , Constantin Daniel , Buliga Dan 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The paper presents some aspects regarding the response of a protective structure under the impact produced by an aerial bomb. The top slab of the protective structure is composed by three layers of different materials: rigid layer made of concrete, elastic layer made by a powdered material (clay, sand etc.) and structural layer made of concrete. The theoretical, although useful, it has not captured all the details regarding the behaviour of a layered slab under such loadings. The paper addresses in terms of numerically study the influence of different parameters of the layers (thickness, material and layout) and weapons of destruction (speed and angle of inclination of the projectile) on the maximum deformation of the base layer of the layered slab.
Risk Other Than Attack – Substances Transportation
Authors: Moşteanu Dănuţ , Trefaş Lucian , Trefaş Alexandra-Simona , Moşteanu Ruxandra 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The modern era, alongside with the very fast development of technology rise challenging threats to human establishments. A large number of industrial processes include the usage of substances that present themselves as dangerous for life. Therefore, one is obliged to look into ways of reducing the risk of accidents that could affect the population surrounding the industrial sites. Given the fact that Romania has signed the “Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction”, risk other than attack remains the main threat in the field. The article is aimed at studying what is considered to be the most vulnerable process – transportation of hazardous substances.
The Study Of Special Vehicle Braking System Working Temperatures
Authors: Puncioiu Alin-Marian , Vedinaş Ioan , Vînturiş Valentin 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The paper presents the calculation of brake mechanism which involves determining the forces needed to be applied by the drive to reach the required braking moments at the wheel. The importance of braking system characteristics derived from how to active handle the vehicle and affect, in a decisive measure, valuing the performance of vehicle velocity and acceleration. Also, to assess the performance of braking mechanism, they aim to define the coefficient of efficiency and determining effectiveness characteristic depending on the thermal regime of work. Heating influences the dynamic performance of the vehicle brakes safely. To identify the evolution of brake heating they have become the realization of a measurement chain that was used for the measurement of all parameters during a long braking period. In the conclusions presented they show temperatures measured and how they could affect the determination of wear regime in operation.
Is cognitive processing affected in adults with hypospadias?: P300 study
Authors: Tekeli Hakan , Koçoğlu Hasan , Alan Cabir , Tavşanlı Mustafa Emir , Yaşar Halit , Malkoç Ercan , Kendirli Mustafa Tansel , Örs Ceyda Hayretdağ , Ersay Ahmet Reşit , Karaman Handan Işın Özışık 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Background: Hypospadias is a common urogenital
system disorder. The frenulum, which is the most
sensitive area of the glans penis, is not present in patients
with hypospadias. This may lead to a failure in sexual
and ejaculatory function, and cause emotional problems
affecting cognitive processes.

Aim: We aimed to study auditory Event Related Potentials
(ERP) in patients with hypospadias to understand the
status of cognitive function.

Materials and Methods: Seventeen patients with hypospadias
who presented to the Urology Outpatient Clinic
of Çanakkale Military Hospital, and 11 healthy individuals
of similar age were chosen. The auditory oddball paradigm
with ERP from the Cz and Fz head regions were
studied. The latency and amplitude of the P300 wave were
measured.

Results: Both, the study and control groups consisted of
young males. Although the study group had a longer P300
latency and lower P300 amplitude when compared to control group, the results were not statistically significant
(p: 0.059 and 0.346 respectively).

Conclusion: Although the results are not statistically significant,
our findings indicate that there may be cognitive
changes in patients with hypospadias. Further studies of
larger sample size and older patient cohorts are needed.