bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Planetesimal Accretion on the Thermal and Structural Evolution of Sub-Neptunes
Authors: Chatterjee Sourav , Chen Howard 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
A remarkable discovery of NASA’s Kepler mission is the wide diversity in the average densities of planets of similar mass. After gas disk dissipation, fully formed planets could interact with nearby planetesimals from a remnant planetesimal disk. These interactions would often lead to planetesimal accretion due to the relatively high ratio between the planet size and the hill radius for typical planets. We present calculations using the open-source stellar evolution toolkit mesa (Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics) modified to include the deposition of planetesimals into the H/He envelopes of sub-Neptunes (∼1–20 M
⊕). We show that planetesimal accretion can alter the mass–radius isochrones for these planets. The same initial planet, as a result of the same total accreted planetesimal mass, can have up to ≈5% difference in mean densities approximately several gigayears after the last accretion due to the inherent stochasticity of the accretion process. During the phase of rapid accretion, these differences are more dramatic. The additional energy deposition from the accreted planetesimals increase the ratio between the planet’s radius to that of the core during rapid accretion, which in turn leads to enhanced loss of atmospheric mass. As a result, the same initial planet can end up with very different envelope mass fractions. These differences manifest as differences in mean densities long after accretion stops. These effects are particularly important for planets that are initially less massive than ∼10 M
⊕ and with envelope mass fractions less than ∼10%, thought to be the most common type of planets discovered by Kepler.
Early X-Ray Flares in GRBs
Authors: Ruffini R. , Wang Y. , Aimuratov Y. , Almeida U. Barres de , Becerra L. , Bianco C. L. , Chen Y. C. , Karlica M. , Kovacevic M. , Li L. , Fuksman J. D. Melon , Moradi R. , Muccino M. , Penacchioni A. V. , Pisani G. B. , Primorac D. , Rueda J. A. , Shakeri S. , Vereshchagin G. V. , Xue S.-S. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We analyze the early X-ray flares in the GRB “flare–plateau–afterglow” (FPA) phase observed by Swift-XRT. The FPA occurs only in one of the seven GRB subclasses: the binary-driven hypernovae (BdHNe). This subclass consists of long GRBs with a carbon–oxygen core and a neutron star (NS) binary companion as progenitors. The hypercritical accretion of the supernova (SN) ejecta onto the NS can lead to the gravitational collapse of the NS into a black hole. Consequently, one can observe a GRB emission with isotropic energy

erg, as well as the associated GeV emission and the FPA phase. Previous work had shown that gamma-ray spikes in the prompt emission occur at

cm with Lorentz Gamma factors

. Using a novel data analysis, we show that the time of occurrence, duration, luminosity, and total energy of the X-ray flares correlate with E
iso. A crucial feature is the observation of thermal emission in the X-ray flares that we show occurs at radii ∼1012 cm with

. These model-independent observations cannot be explained by the “fireball” model, which postulates synchrotron and inverse-Compton radiation from a single ultrarelativistic jetted emission extending from the prompt to the late afterglow and GeV emission phases. We show that in BdHNe a collision between the GRB and the SN ejecta occurs at ≃1010 cm, reaching transparency at ∼1012 cm with

. The agreement between the thermal emission observations and these theoretically derived values validates our model and opens the possibility of testing each BdHN episode with the corresponding Lorentz Gamma factor.
Uptake of Tenofovir-Based Antiretroviral Therapy among HIV–HBV-Coinfected Patients in the EuroSIDA Study
Authors: Peters Lars , Mocroft Amanda , Grint Daniel , Moreno Santiago , Calmy Alexandra , Jevtovic Djordje , Sambatakou Helen , Lacombe Karine , Wit Stephane De , Rockstroh Jürgen , Smidt Jelena , Karpov Igor , Grzeszczuk Anna , Haziosmanovic Vesnadarjan , Gottfredsson Magnus , Radoi Roxana , Kuzovatova Elena , Orkin Chloe , Ridolfo Anna Lisa , Zapirain Jose , Lundgren Jens 
Published: January 2018

Background According to guidelines all HIV–HBV-coinfected patients should receive tenofovir-based combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). We aimed to investigate uptake and outcomes of tenofovir-based cART among HIV–HBV patients in the EuroSIDA study. Methods All hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)+ patients followed up after 1 March 2002 were included. Changes in the proportion taking tenofovir-based cART over time were described. Poisson regression was used to investigate the relationship between tenofovir use and clinical events. Results 953 HIV–HBV patients were included. Median age was 41 years and patients were predominantly male (85%), White (82%) and ART-experienced (88%). 697 and 256 were from Western and Eastern Europe, respectively. 55 started cART during follow-up, the proportion starting with CD4+ T-cell count <350 cells/mm3 decreased from 85% to 52% in the periods 2002–2006 to 2007–2015. Tenofovir use, among those taking cART, increased from 4% in 2002 to 73% in 2015. Compared to West, tenofovir use was lower in East in 2005 (7% versus 42%), and remained lower in 2015 (63% versus 76%). Among 602 patients taking tenofovir-based cART during follow-up, 155 (26%) discontinued tenofovir. 27 of all discontinuations were due to adverse effects. Only 14 started entecavir and/or adefovir after tenofovir discontinuation, whereas 10 started pegylated interferon. Tenofovir use was not significantly associated with lower risk of liver-related clinical events ( n=51), adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.64 (95% CI 0.35, 1.18) for comparing patients on tenofovir with those off tenofovir. Conclusions Although use of tenofovir-based cART among HIV–HBV patients has increased across Europe, a substantial proportion are still starting cART late and are receiving suboptimal HBV therapy.
Enfants placés ? Pas tout à fait ! Présentation d’un dispositif psychologique tout-terrain destiné aux enfants de l’Aide à la Jeunesse placés en internat scolaire
Authors: Aubinet Suzanne 
Published: January 2018

Cet écrit présente le processus de pensée qui a accompagné l’exploration, la construction et l’élaboration d’un dispositif psychologique tout-terrain destinés aux enfants de l’Aide à la Jeunesse placés en internat scolaire. La démarche réflexive s’articule sur trois postulats principaux : la théorie du système, l’enfant ET son milieu ; l’analyse de la demande et le cadre spatio-temporel. Cette articulation étayée par de riches vignettes aboutit à la définition d’une pratique concrète. La mobilité au sein du lieu de vie des enfants et sur le lieu de travail des acteurs, l’accessibilité financière du dispositif, l’organisation et l’engagement dans les réunions et dans le partage d’informations et enfin l’attention toute particulière donnée à la demande sont donc les piliers d’une démarche engagée, responsable et motivée par la rencontre et l’accompagnement respectueux des enfants et leurs familles.
David Douillet, Bernard Laporte : les limites de la conversion de la gloire sportive en ressource politique
Authors: Le Bart Christian 
Published: January 2018

En France comme ailleurs, il arrive souvent qu’un ancien champion sportif entre en politique. La notoriété et la visibilité procurées par les exploits sportifs sont-elles des ressources pertinentes pour réussir au sein des professionnels de la politique ? Certains exemples suggèrent une réponse positive : ainsi Guy Drut ou David Douillet sont-ils parvenus à mobiliser la visibilité liée à leurs exploits sportifs aussi bien au niveau de la compétition électorale qu’au niveau de l’activité décisionnelle. Comme si la notoriété sportive était reconnue aussi bien par les décideurs que par les électeurs. L’exemple de Bernard Laporte conduit pourtant à un bilan plus nuancé. Car la condition de sportif est volontiers stigmatisée par les professionnels de la politique.
The Prevalence of Adverse Ocular Hemorrhagic Events in Patients Utilizing Oral Anticoagulant and Antiplatelet Therapy in Routine Clinical Practice
Authors: Sudarshana Dattanand M. , Konstantinou Eleni K. , Arepalli Sruthi , Silva Fabiana Q. , Schachat Andrew P. , Ehlers Justis P. , Singh Rishi P. 
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Previous literature assessing ocular hemorrhagic complications of anticoagulant/antiplatelet medications in routine clinical practice is limited. This study evaluates the prevalence of spontaneous ocular hemorrhagic events associated with anticoagulation/antiplatelet therapy.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
A retrospective study was performed to identify patients taking anticoagulants (rivaroxaban [Xarelto; Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Beerse, Belgium], bivalirudin [Angiomax; The Medicines Company, Parsippany, NJ], lepirudin [Refludan; Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany], dabigatran [Pradaxa; Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany], and argatroban) and antiplatelet agents (clopidogrel [Plavix; Bristol-Myers Squibb, New York City, NY], prasugrel [Effient; Lilly Medical, Indianapolis, IN], and ticagrelor [Brilinta; AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK]) who presented for an eye examination. Location of hemorrhage, relevant systemic and ocular comorbidities, baseline demographics, and concomitant aspirin use were noted.

RESULTS:
A total of 44 patients with spontaneous ocular hemorrhage were identified. Thirty patients had a single episode, whereas 14 patients had multiple episodes (two or more hemorrhagic events). Prevalence of spontaneous ocular hemorrhage on prasugrel (7.2%) and rivaroxaban (3.1%) was higher compared to dabigatran (1.9%), clopidogrel (2.0%), and ticagrelor (2.7%).

CONCLUSION:
Prevalence of spontaneous ocular hemorrhage with use of anticoagulant/antiplatelet agents is higher in routine clinical practice as compared to previously reported literature.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2018;49:27–34.]
A multi-dimensional multi-level approach to measuring the spatial structure of U.S. metropolitan areas
Authors: Nasri Arefeh , Zhang Lei 
Published: January 2018

For many years, attempts to measure the urban structure and physical form of metropolitan areas have been focused on a limited set of attributes, mostly density and density gradients. However, the complex nature of the urban form requires the consideration of many other dimensions to provide a comprehensive measure that includes all aspects of the urban structure and growth pattern at different hierarchical levels. In this paper, a multi-dimensional method of measuring urban form and development patterns in urban areas of the United States is presented. The methodology presented here develops several variables and indices that contribute to the characterization and quantification of the overall physical form of urban areas at various hierarchical levels.
Cluster analysis is performed to group metropolitan areas based on their urban form and land-use pattern. This allows for a better utilization of land-use transportation planning and policy analyses used by planners and researchers. This clustering of urban areas could eventually help policymakers and decision makers in the decision-making process to evaluate land-use transportation policies, identify similar patterns, and understand how similar policies implemented in urban areas with similar urban form structure would result in more efficient and successful planning in the future.
Subjective sleep quality, unstimulated sexual arousal, and sexual frequency
Authors: Costa Rui , Costa David , Pestana José 
Published: January 2018

Introduction REM sleep deprivation increases unstimulated erections in rats, and total sleep deprivation increases erections during audiovisual sexual stimulation in men, but the effects of sleep problems on human unstimulated sexual arousal are unknown.
Objective We examined the associations of subjective sleep quality with unstimulated sexual arousal, satisfaction with sex life, and sexual frequency and desire over the past month.
Methods 275 Portuguese (169 women) reported their anxiety, sexual arousal and sexual desire during a resting state, and completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the sexual satisfaction subscale of the LiSat scale, the Desire dimensions of the Female Sexual Function Index (women only) and International Index of Erectile Function (men only). They additionally reported how many days in the past month they engaged in penile-vaginal intercourse, noncoital sex, and masturbation. Salivary testosterone (T) was assayed by luminescence immunoassays.
Results Poorer sleep quality correlated with greater unstimulated sexual arousal in men with higher T levels and in women with higher T levels not taking oral contraceptives. In women with lower T, poorer subjective sleep quality correlated with greater sexual dissatisfaction. In both sexes, sleep quality was uncorrelated with sexual desire and sexual frequency over the past month.
Discussion Consistently with other studies in humans and animals, the findings are congruent with the notion that lack of sleep can increase sexual arousal, but not sexual frequency. T might play a role in the sexual arousal caused by lack of appropriate sleep.
On revealing the gene targets of Ebola virus microRNAs involved in the human skin microbiome
Authors: Hsu Pei-Chun , Chiou Bin-Hao , Huang Chun-Ming 
Published: January 2018

Ebola virus, a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus, causes severe viral hemorrhagic fever and has a high mortality rate. Histopathological and immunopathological analyses of Ebola virus have revealed that histopathological changes in skin tissue are associated with various degrees of endothelial cell swelling and necrosis. The interactions of microbes within or on a host are a crucial for the skin immune shield. The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) in Ebola virus implies that immune escape, endothelial cell rupture, and tissue dissolution during Ebola virus infection are a result of the effects of Ebola virus miRNAs. Keratinocytes obtained from normal skin can attach and spread through expression of the thrombospondin family of proteins, playing a role in initiation of cell-mediated immune responses in the skin. Several miRNAs have been shown to bind the 3′ untranslated region of thrombospondin mRNA, thereby controlling its stability and translational activity. In this study, we discovered short RNA sequences that may act as miRNAs from Propionibacterium acnes using a practical workflow of bioinformatics methods. Subsequently, we deciphered the common target gene. These RNA sequences tended to bind to the same thrombospondin protein, THSD4, emphasizing the potential importance of the synergistic binding of miRNAs from Ebola virus, Propionibacterium acnes, and humans to the target. These results provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms of thrombospondin proteins and miRNAs in Ebola virus infection.
Lipid raft localization of TLR2 and its co-receptors is independent of membrane lipid composition
Authors: Hellwing Christine , Schoeniger Axel , Roessler Claudia , Leimert Anja , Schumann Julia 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundToll like receptors (TLRs) are an important and evolutionary conserved class of pattern recognition receptors associated with innate immunity. The recognition of Gram-positive cell wall constituents strongly depends on TLR2. In order to be functional, TLR2 predominantly forms a heterodimer with TLR1 or TLR6 within specialized membrane microdomains, the lipid rafts. The membrane lipid composition and the physicochemical properties of lipid rafts are subject to modification by exogenous fatty acids. Previous investigations of our group provide evidence that macrophage enrichment with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) induces a reordering of lipid rafts and non-rafts based on the incorporation of supplemented PUFA as well as their elongation and desaturation products.MethodsIn the present study we investigated potential constraining effects of membrane microdomain reorganization on the clustering of TLR2 with its co-receptors TLR1 and TLR6 within lipid rafts. To this end, RAW264.7 macrophages were supplemented with either docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or arachidonic acid (AA) and analyzed for receptor expression and microdomain localization in context of TLR stimulation.Results and ConclusionsOur analyses showed that receptor levels and microdomain localization were unchanged by PUFA supplementation. The TLR2 pathway, in contrast to the TLR4 signaling cascade, is not affected by exogenous PUFA at the membrane level.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Regioselective Ortho C−H Olefination of 2‐Arylindoles via NH‐Indole‐Directed C−H Bond Cleavage
Authors: Han Qingshuai , Guo Xiemin , Tang Ziyuan , Su Lv , Yao Zizhu , Zhang Xiaofeng , Lin Shen , Xiang Shengchang , Huang Qiufeng 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn the past decades, C−H oxidative olefination of indole at C‐2, C‐3, C‐4 and C‐7 positions was well addressed. We report here a rhodium‐catalyzed NH‐indole‐directed ortho C−H bond olefination of 2‐arylindoles. This cross‐dehydrogenative‐coupling proved to be broad in substrate scope, tolerating a variety of functional groups. The synthesis of 6H‐isoindolo[2,1‐α]indoles via rhodium‐catalyzed ortho C−H olefination and subsequent intramolecular aza‐Michael reaction of 2‐arylindoles was also demonstrated.magnified image
Cationic Metallo‐Polyelectrolytes for Robust Alkaline Anion‐Exchange Membranes
Authors: Zhu Tianyu , Xu Shichao , Rahman Anisur , Dogdibegovic Emir , Yang Peng , Pageni Parasmani , Kabir Mohammad Pabel , Zhou Xiao‐dong , Tang Chuanbing 
Published: January 2018

AbstractChemically inert, mechanically tough, cationic metallo‐polyelectrolytes were conceptualized and designed as durable anion‐exchange membranes (AEMs). Ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of cobaltocenium‐containing cyclooctene with triazole as the only linker group, followed by backbone hydrogenation, led to a new class of AEMs with a polyethylene‐like framework and alkaline‐stable cobaltocenium cation for ion transport. These AEMs exhibited excellent thermal, chemical and mechanical stability, as well as high ion conductivity.
Hierarchical Nanoboxes Composed of Co9S8−MoS2 Nanosheets as Efficient Electrocatalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Ganesan Vinoth , Lim Sunghyun , Kim Jinkwon 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe development of hydrogen evolution catalysts based on nonprecious metals is essential for the practical application of water‐splitting devices. Herein, the synthesis of Co9S8−MoS2 hierarchical nanoboxes (HNBs) as efficient catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is reported. The surface of the hollow cubic structure was organized by CoMoS4 nanosheets formed through the reaction of MoS42− and Co2+ released from the cobalt zeolite imidazole framework (ZIF‐67) templates under reflux in a mixture of water/ethanol. The formation process for the CoMoS4 HNB structures was characterized by TEM images recorded at various reaction temperatures. The amorphous CoMoS4 HNBs were converted through sequential heat treatments into CoSx−MoS2 and Co9S8−MoS2 HNBs. Owing to their unique chemical compositions and structural features, Co9S8−MoS2 HNBs have a high specific surface area (124.6 m2 g−1) and superior electrocatalytic performances for the HER. The Co9S8−MoS2 HNBs exhibit a low overpotential (η10) of 106 mV, a low Tafel slope of 51.8 mV dec−1, and long‐term stability in an acidic medium. The electrocatalytic activity of Co9S8−MoS2 HNBs is superior to that of recently reported values, and these HNBs prove to be promising candidates for the HER.
Rational Design of [13C,D14]Tert‐butylbenzene as a Scaffold Structure for Designing Long‐lived Hyperpolarized 13C Probes
Authors: Imakura Yuki , Nonaka Hiroshi , Takakusagi Yoichi , Ichikawa Kazuhiro , Maptue Nesmine R. , Funk Alexander M. , Khemtong Chalermchai , Sando Shinsuke 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is a technique to polarize the nuclear spin population. As a result of the hyperpolarization, the NMR sensitivity of the nuclei in molecules can be dramatically enhanced. Recent application of the hyperpolarization technique has led to advances in biochemical and molecular studies. A major problem is the short lifetime of the polarized nuclear spin state. Generally, in solution, the polarized nuclear spin state decays to a thermal spin equilibrium, resulting in loss of the enhanced NMR signal. This decay is correlated directly with the spin‐lattice relaxation time T1. Here we report [13C,D14]tert‐butylbenzene as a new scaffold structure for designing hyperpolarized 13C probes. Thanks to the minimized spin‐lattice relaxation (T1) pathways, its water‐soluble derivative showed a remarkably long 13C T1 value and long retention of the hyperpolarized spin state.
Structure‐Sensitive Scaling Relations: Adsorption Energies from Surface Site Stability
Authors: Roling Luke T. , Abild‐Pedersen Frank 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe design of heterogeneous catalysts is accelerated by the identification of thermochemical reactivity descriptors, which enable the prediction of promising materials through efficient screening. Motivated by previous discoveries of linear scaling relations between the adsorption energies of related atoms and molecules, we present a new scaling between the adsorption energies of metal atoms and metal–adsorbate complexes, which can be used to directly predict catalytically relevant molecular adsorption energies. In contrast to existing models based on the coordination number of surface atoms alone, our model can predict adsorption energies with site‐by‐site resolution considering local structural effects and also has potential extensions to include contributions of neighboring metal identity in alloy systems. Integration of this scaling with a previously identified model for metal–metal interactions enables the accurate prediction of molecular adsorption energies on nanoparticles by performing only a small set of slab‐based calculations.
Synthesis and Electric Properties of a Two‐Dimensional Metal‐Organic Framework Based on Phthalocyanine
Authors: Nagatomi Hisanori , Yanai Nobuhiro , Yamada Teppei , Shiraishi Kanji , Kimizuka Nobuo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractComplexation of copper(II) 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24‐octahydroxy‐29H,31H‐phthalocyanine (CuPcOH) with copper(II) ions gives a two‐dimensional (2D) metal‐organic framework (MOF). This is the first report of a phthalocyanine‐based MOF. This 2D MOF was obtained as a black powder and showed an electrical conductivity of 1.6×10−6 S cm−1 at 80 °C. When this MOF is used as a cathode of lithium ion battery (LIB), large charge/discharge capacities of 151/128 mAh g−1 were obtained. In addition, it showed a good stability during 200 charge/discharge cycles. The obtained LIB performance mainly originates from the electrically conductive and redox‐active framework of the phthalocyanine‐based 2D MOF and its hierarchical microporous/mesoporous structure.
Formation of Water Channels in the Crystalline Hydrates of Macrocyclic Compounds
Authors: Patil Rahul S. , Zhang Chen , Sikligar Kanishka , Baker Gary A. , Atwood Jerry L. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCrystalline hydrates of macrocyclic compounds such as pyroagllol[4]arenes (PgCs) and resorcin[4]arenes (RsCs) are rare owing to their lower water solubility. Functionalization of these macrocyclic compounds is an affordable way to enhance water solubility. However, functionalization also encounters the formation of multiple conformers and subsequent difficulty in purification of the product. Herein, four novel crystalline hydrates of functionalized PgCs and RsCs were synthesized. Formation of water channels and the effects of intermolecular interactions on the physical properties of these novel hydrates are discussed.