bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tunable surface roughness and wettability of a soft magnetoactive elastomer
Authors: Glavan Gašper , Salamon Peter , Belyaeva Inna A. , Shamonin Mikhail , Drevenšek‐Olenik Irena 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTSurface topographical modifications of a soft magnetoactive elastomer (MAE) in response to variable applied magnetic field are investigated. The analysis is performed in situ and is based on optical microscopy, spread optical reflection and optical profilometry measurements. Optical profilometry analysis shows that the responsivity of magnetic field‐induced surface roughness with respect to external magnetic field is in the range of 1 µm/T. A significant hysteresis of surface modifications takes place for increasing and decreasing fields. Investigations of shape of sessile water droplets deposited on the MAE surface reveal that field‐induced topographical modifications affect the contact angle of water at the surface. This effect is reversible and the responsivity to magnetic field is in the range of 20°/T. Despite the increased surface roughness, the apparent contact angle decreases with increasing field, which is attributed to the field‐induced protrusion of hydrophilic microparticles from the surface layer. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46221.
Enhanced thermal and mechanical properties of PW‐based HTPB binder using polystyrene (PS) and PS–SiO2 microencapsulated paraffin wax (MePW)
Authors: Gao Xia , Zhao Tianbo , Luo Guan , Zheng Baohui , Huang Hui , Ma Rui , Han Xue , Chai Yuqiao 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTPolystyrene (PS) microencapsulated paraffin wax (MePW) and PS–SiO2 MePW were used to improve the form‐stability of PW in hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene‐derived polyurethane (HTPB) binder. HTPB matrix containing different contents of PS MePW, PS–SiO2 MePW, and PW were prepared. The chemical composition, crystallinity, microstructure, heat capacities, thermal stabilities, thermal reliabilities, leakage, and mechanical properties of the composites were compared using Fourier transforms infrared spectroscope, X‐ray diffractometer, scanning electronic microscope, differential scanning calorimeter, thermo‐gravimetric analyzer, thermal cycling test, leaking test, compression, and tensile tests, respectively. The results showed that the MePW/PW/HTPB composites were prepared without chemical reaction. The thermal stability and mechanical properties of PS–SiO2 MePW/PW/HTPB increased more dramatically than that of PS MePW/PW/HTPB. With the increasing contents of MePWs, the PW leakage of the composites decreased, especially for PS MePW/PW/HTPB. Consequently, the MePW/PW/HTPB composites possess a potential application for PW‐based polymer‐bonded explosive system. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46222.
Different Atomic Terminations Affect the Photocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation of Bismuth Oxybromide: A First Principles Study
Authors: Liu Hongxian , Fang Zhenxing , Su Yongfei , Suo Yuanli , Huang Shuping , Zhang Yongfan , Ding Kaining 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe have systematically investigated the electronic structures and activation capacities of BiOBr {001} facets with different atomic terminations by means of DFT methods. Our calculations reveal that oxygen vacancies (OVs) give a significant boost in band edges of the O‐terminated BiOBr {001} facets, and excess electrons induced by OVs could exceed the reduction potentials of high‐energy N2 intermediates. Interestingly, the Bi‐terminated BiOBr {001} facets may be good candidates for photocatalytic nitrogen fixation due to the stronger activation ability of N2 molecules comparing with O‐terminated BiOBr {001} facets with OVs. Moreover, the Bi‐terminated BiOBr {001} facets may tend to yield NH3 instead of N2H4.
A Survey of Methods Used to Control Piezoelectric Tube Scanners in High‐Speed AFM Imaging
Authors: Rana Md. Sohel , Pota Hemanshu R. , Petersen Ian R. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn most nanotechnology applications, speed and precision are important requirements for obtaining good topographical maps of material surfaces using atomic force microscopes (AFMs), many of which use piezoelectric tube scanners (PTSs) for scanning and positioning at nanometric resolutions. For control engineers, the PTS is particularly interesting since its ability to enable the AFM to undertake 3D imaging is entirely dependent upon the use of a feedback loop. However, it suffers from various intrinsic problems that degrade its positioning performance, such as: (i) lightly damped low‐frequency resonant modes due to its mechanical structure; (ii) nonlinear behavior due to hysteresis and creep; (iii) the cross‐coupling effect between its axes (in 3D positioning systems such as AFMs); and (iv) effect of thermal drift. This article presents a survey of the literature on the PTS, an overview of a few existing innovative solutions for its nanopositioning and future research directions. This article will help the reader to walk around the present development of the PTS aimed at meeting the requirements for high‐speed AFM imaging.
Genetic analysis of surgical margins in oral cavity cancer
Authors: Liu S A , Wang C C , Jiang R S , Wang W Y , Lin J C 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background
A histological, tumour-free surgical margin does not guarantee recurrence-free survival in patients with cancer. This study investigated the association between microsatellite alteration in tumour-free surgical margins and local recurrence in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods
Patients with histologically confirmed oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma were enrolled in this prospective study. Cancerous specimens, corresponding surgical margins and peripheral blood were obtained. Microsatellite alteration was investigated using six dinucleotide microsatellite markers. All samples were amplified by PCR, followed by automatic fragment analysis.

Results
Microsatellite alteration was identified in 100 specimens (69·0 per cent) from 145 patients. Among them, 85 specimens carried loss of heterozygosity, whereas 55 had microsatellite instability (MSI). Patients with MSI at the surgical margin had a higher risk of local recurrence on multivariable analysis (odds ratio 7·17, 95 per cent c.i. 3·49 to 14·73).

Conclusion
Molecular assessment of surgical margins can help identify patients at risk of local recurrence.
Quality-of-life implications of risk-reducing cancer surgery
Authors: Altman A M , Hui J Y C , Tuttle T M 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background
Modern advances in genetic sequencing techniques have allowed for increased availability of genetic testing for hereditary cancer syndromes. Consequently, more people are being identified as mutation carriers and becoming aware of their increased risk of malignancy. Testing is commonplace for many inheritable cancer syndromes, and with that comes the knowledge of being a gene carrier for some patients. With increased risk of malignancy, many guidelines recommend that gene carriers partake in risk reduction strategies, including risk-reducing surgery for some syndromes. This review explores the quality-of-life consequences of genetic testing and risk-reducing surgery.

Methods
A narrative review of PubMed/MEDLINE was performed, focusing on the health-related quality-of-life implications of surgery for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, familial adenomatous polyposis and hereditary diffuse gastric cancer.

Results
Risk-reducing surgery almost uniformly decreases cancer anxiety and affects patients' quality of life.

Conclusion
Although the overwhelming quality-of-life implications of surgery are neutral to positive, risk-reducing surgery is irreversible and can be associated with short- and long-term side-effects.
Clinicopathological, genomic and immunological factors in colorectal cancer prognosis
Authors: Marks K M , West N P , Morris E , Quirke P 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background
Numerous factors affect the prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC), many of which have long been identified, such as patient demographics and the multidisciplinary team. In more recent years, molecular and immunological biomarkers have been shown to have a significant influence on patient outcomes. Whilst some of these biomarkers still require ongoing validation, if proven to be worthwhile they may change our understanding and future management of CRC. The aim of this review was to identify the key prognosticators of CRC, including new molecular and immunological biomarkers, and outline how these might fit into the whole wider context for patients.

Methods
Relevant references were identified through keyword searches of PubMed and Embase Ovid SP databases.

Results
In recent years there have been numerous studies outlining molecular markers of prognosis in CRC. In particular, the Immunoscore® has been shown to hold strong prognostic value. Other molecular biomarkers are useful in guiding treatment decisions, such as mutation testing of genes in the epidermal growth factor receptor pathway. However, epidemiological studies continue to show that patient demographics are fundamental in predicting outcomes.

Conclusion
Current strategies for managing CRC are strongly dependent on clinicopathological staging, although molecular testing is increasingly being implemented into routine clinical practice. As immunological biomarkers are further validated, their testing may also become routine. To obtain clinically useful information from new biomarkers, it is important to implement them into a model that includes all underlying fundamental factors, as this will enable the best possible outcomes and deliver true precision medicine.
The mediating role of advertising literacy and the moderating influence of parental mediation on how children of different ages react to brand placements
Authors: Hudders Liselot , Cauberghe Veroline 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis study investigates the role of advertising literacy in how children of different ages respond to brand placement and how parental advertising mediation strategies can attenuate advertising effects. The results of a cross‐sectional study among 180 children under 12 and their parents show that older children (10 to 11 years) are better able to detect the commercial intent and the source of brand placement compared to the younger children (7 to 8 years). However, parental advertising mediation appears to increase (instead of decrease) brand attitudes for the younger children, whereas it has no significant effect on brand attitudes of the older children. Practical implications of the study are discussed.
Synthesis and Characterization of Photoactivatable Doxycycline Analogues Bearing Two‐Photon‐Sensitive Photoremovable Groups Suitable for Light‐Induced Gene Expression
Authors: Goegan Bastien , Terzi Firat , Bolze Frédéric , Cambridge Sidney , Specht Alexandre 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe report the synthesis and photolytic properties of caged 9‐aminodoxycycline derivatives modified with 2‐{4′‐bis‐[2‐(2methoxyethoxy)ethyl]‐4‐nitrobiphenyl‐3‐yl}prop‐1‐oxy (EANBP) and PEG7‐ylated (7‐diethylamino‐2‐oxo‐2H‐chromen‐4‐yl)methyl (PEG7‐DEACM) groups. 9‐Aminodoxycycline is a tetracycline analogue capable of activating transcription through the inducible TetOn transgene expression system and can be regioselectively coupled to two‐photon‐sensitive photo‐removable protecting groups by carbamoylation. The EANBP‐based caged 9‐aminodoxycycline showed complex photochemical reactions but did release 10 % of 9‐aminodoxycycline. However, 9‐(PEG7‐DEACMamino)doxycycline exhibited excellent photolysis efficiency at 405 nm with quantitative release of 9‐aminodoxycycline and a 0.21 uncaging quantum yield. Thanks to the good two‐photon sensitivity of the DEACM chromophore, 9‐aminodoxycycline release by two‐photon photolysis is possible, with calculated action cross‐sections of up to 4.0 GM at 740 nm. Therefore, 9‐(PEG7‐DEACMamino)doxycycline represents a very attractive tool for the development of a light‐induced gene expression method in living cells.
Control of Protein Activity and Gene Expression by Cyclofen‐OH Uncaging
Authors: Zhang Weiting , Hamouri Fatima , Feng Zhiping , Aujard Isabelle , Ducos Bertrand , Ye Shixin , Weiss Shimon , Volovitch Michel , Vriz Sophie , Jullien Ludovic , Bensimon David 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe use of light to control the expression of genes and the activity of proteins is a rapidly expanding field. Whereas many of these approaches use fusion between a light‐activable protein and the protein of interest to control the activity of the latter, it is also possible to control the activity of a protein by uncaging a specific ligand. In that context, controlling the activation of a protein fused to the modified estrogen receptor (ERT) by uncaging its ligand cyclofen‐OH has emerged as a generic and versatile method to control the activation of proteins quantitatively, quickly, and locally in a live organism. We present that approach and its uses in a variety of physiological contexts.
Safe surgical treatment of peripelvic renal cyst combined with renal calculi by percutaneous nephroscopy
Authors: Yang Bowei , Li Jiongming , Liu Jianhe , Bao Yuepan , Mishra Prashant , Guo Haixiang , Li Pei , Jiang Yongming 
Published: January 2018

Key Clinical MessageWe have tried to establish a safe and effective method to treat the peripelvic renal cyst combined with renal calculi. The key points are as follows: choose the appropriate target calyx; find the gap between cyst and renal pelvic; put a nephrostomy tube to stimulate the closing of cystic cavity.
Microbial Electrochemical Sensors for Anaerobic Digestion Process Control – Performance of Electroactive Biofilms under Real Conditions
Authors: Kretzschmar Jörg , Böhme Paul , Liebetrau Jan , Mertig Michael , Harnisch Falk 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe autonomous growth of Geobacter sp.‐dominated biofilms on electrodes and their sensitivity on volatile fatty acids (VFAs) allows their application as biosensor. In this study, the implementation of a microbial electrochemical sensor in the anaerobic digestion (AD) process is reported. The amperometric sensor signal follows the acetate concentration profile in the AD process. Yet, the sensor's stability is impaired by the process conditions. Therefore, potential biofilm inhibitors are individually examined, i.e., high salt and NH4+ concentrations as well as fumarate as potential alternative electron acceptor. The results show no influence of high salinity on the signal, whereas ammonia at a concentration ≥ 5 g L−1 NH4+ acts as inhibitor, and fumarate is used as substrate for current generation.
Theoretical Insights into the Switching Off/On of 1O2 Photosensitization in Chemicontrolled Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Pirillo Jenny , Mazzone Gloria , Russo Nino 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDensity Functional Theory and time‐dependent (TD) DFT calculations were carried out for recently reported 4,4‐difluoro‐4‐bora‐3a,4a‐diaza‐s‐indacene (BODIPY)‐based photosensitizers (PSs) that could be activated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) to generate 1O2 specifically in target tissues. To assess the applicability of the compounds as activatable PSs (a‐PSs) in photodynamic therapy, absorption wavelengths; singlet–triplet energy gaps; and spin–orbit matrix elements for the radiationless transition, Sn→Tm, were investigated. A TD‐DFT qualitative analysis indicated that only a Br‐substituted BODIPY derivative with the chromanol ring of α‐tocopherol linked by methylene functioned as an a‐PS. The chromanol ring promotes photoinduced electron transfer to the BODIPY unit that reduces the probability of intersystem crossing and triplet‐state population, and can turn off 1O2 photosensitization. Therefore, 1O2 photosensitization can be switched on only in target cells in which the chromanol ring is oxidized by ROS. The oxidation reaction pathways of the most promising derivative, by either 1O2 or cumyloxyl radical as typical ROS, have been examined to reveal that oxidation by the cumyloxyl radical is more effective than that by 1O2.
Oxidation of Methylalumoxane Oligomers
Authors: Zijlstra Harmen S. , Collins Scott , McIndoe J. Scott 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe anions formed from methylalumoxane (MAO) and suitable donors (e.g. octamethyltrisiloxane) are amenable to mass spectrometric (MS) analysis. Their composition as deduced from this data allows direct insight into the chemical transformations of their neutral precursors. One such process is oxidation, which is well‐known to be facile for MAO without any clear idea of what actually occurs at a molecular level. Addition of O2 to MAO results in immediate gelation, but MS analysis reveals no corresponding change to the composition of the principal oligomeric anions. A slow (hours) reaction does occur that involves net incorporation of Me2AlOMe into the oligomeric anions, and the identities of the OMe‐containing anions were confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy, MS/MS analysis, and addition of an authentic sample of Me2AlOMe to MAO. The result tallies with the fact that addition of O2 to MAO produces Me2AlOMe from free Me3Al which eventually leads to formation of oxidized MAO oligomers and changes in ion abundance. Aging of the oxygenated MAO results in further growth of the oligomers similar to that of the non‐oxidized species. Mass spectrometric analysis therefore reveals useful insights into the environmental history of a given MAO batch.
Mixed Fluorotryptophan Substitutions at the Same Residue Expand the Versatility of 19F Protein NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Kenward Calem , Shin Kyungsoo , Rainey Jan K. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe strategy of applying fluorine NMR to characterize ligand binding to a membrane protein prepared with mixtures of tryptophans substituted with F at different positions on the indole ring was tested. The 19F NMR behavior of 4‐, 5‐, 6‐, and 7‐fluorotryptophan were directly compared as a function of both micellar environment and fragment size for two overlapping apelin receptor (AR/APJ) segments; one with a single transmembrane (TM) helix and two tryptophan residues, the other with three TM helices and two additional tryptophan residues. Chemical shifts, peak patterns, and nuclear spin relaxation rates were observed to vary as a function of micellar conditions and F substitution position in the indole ring, with the exposure of a given residue to micelle or solvent being the primary differentiating factor. Titration of the 3‐TM AR segment biosynthetically prepared as a mixture of 5‐ and 7‐fluorotryptophan‐containing isoforms by two distinct peptide ligands (apelin‐36 and apela‐32) demonstrated site‐specific 19F peak intensity changes for one ligand but not the other. In contrast, both ligands perturbed 1H–15N HSQC peak patterns to a similar degree. Characterization of multiple fluorotryptophan types for a given set of tryptophan residues, thus, significantly augments the potential to apply 19F NMR to track otherwise obscure modulation of protein conformation and dynamics without an explicit requirement for mutagenesis or chemical modification.
Plasmid‐Templated Control of DNA–Cyclodextrin Nanoparticle Morphology through Molecular Vector Design for Effective Gene Delivery
Authors: Gallego‐Yerga Laura , Benito Juan M. , Blanco‐Fernández Laura , Martínez‐Negro María , Vélaz Itziar , Aicart Emilio , Junquera Elena , Ortiz Mellet Carmen , Tros de Ilarduya Conchita , García Fernández Jose M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEngineering self‐assembled superstructures through complexation of plasmid DNA (pDNA) and single‐isomer nanometric size macromolecules (molecular nanoparticles) is a promising strategy for gene delivery. Notably, the functionality and overall architecture of the vector can be precisely molded at the atomic level by chemical tailoring, thereby enabling unprecedented opportunities for structure/self‐assembling/pDNA delivery relationship studies. Beyond this notion, by judiciously preorganizing the functional elements in cyclodextrin (CD)‐based molecular nanoparticles through covalent dimerization, here we demonstrate that the morphology of the resulting nanocomplexes (CDplexes) can be tuned, from spherical to ellipsoidal, rod‐type, or worm‐like nanoparticles, which makes it possible to gain understanding of their shape‐dependent transfection properties. The experimental findings are in agreement with a shift from chelate to cross‐linking interactions on going from primary‐face‐ to secondary‐face‐linked CD dimers, the pDNA partner acting as an active payload and as a template. Most interestingly, the transfection efficiency in different cells was shown to be differently impacted by modifications of the CDplex morphology, which has led to the identification of an optimal prototype for tissue‐selective DNA delivery to the spleen in vivo.
Synthesis of α‐l‐Fucopyranoside‐Presenting Glycoclusters and Investigation of Their Interaction with Photorhabdus asymbiotica Lectin (PHL)
Authors: Jančaříková Gita , Herczeg Mihály , Fujdiarová Eva , Houser Josef , Kövér Katalin E. , Borbás Anikó , Wimmerová Michaela , Csávás Magdolna 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPhotorhabdus asymbiotica is a gram‐negative bacterium that is not only as effective an insect pathogen as other members of the genus, but it also causes serious diseases in humans. The recently identified lectin PHL from P. asymbiotica verifiably modulates an immune response of humans and insects, which supports the idea that the lectin might play an important role in the host–pathogen interaction. Dimeric PHL contains up to seven l‐fucose‐specific binding sites per monomer, and in order to target multiple binding sites of PHL, α‐l‐fucoside‐containing di‐, tri‐ and tetravalent glycoclusters were synthesized. Methyl gallate and pentaerythritol were chosen as multivalent scaffolds, and the fucoclusters were built from the above‐mentioned cores by coupling with different oligoethylene bridges and propargyl α‐l‐fucosides using 1,3‐dipolar azide‐alkyne cycloaddition. The interaction between fucoside derivates and PHL was investigated by several biophysical and biological methods, ITC and SPR measurements, hemagglutination inhibition assay, and an investigation of bacterial aggregation properties were carried out. Moreover, details of the interaction between PHL and propargyl α‐l‐fucoside as a monomer unit were revealed using X‐ray crystallography. Besides this, the interaction with multivalent compounds was studied by NMR techniques. The newly synthesized multivalent fucoclusters proved to be up to several orders of magnitude better ligands than the natural ligand, l‐fucose.
Circularly Polarized Luminescence from Inorganic Materials: Encapsulating Guest Lanthanide Oxides in Chiral Silica Hosts
Authors: Sugimoto Masumi , Liu Xin‐Ling , Tsunega Seiji , Nakajima Erika , Abe Shunsuke , Nakashima Takuya , Kawai Tsuyoshi , Jin Ren‐Hua 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRecently, circularly polarized luminescence (CPL)‐active systems have become a very hot and interesting subject in chirality‐ and optics‐related areas. The CPL‐active systems are usually available by two approaches: covalently combining a luminescent centre to chiral motif or associating the guest of luminescent probe to a chiral host. However, all the chiral components in CPL materials were organic, although the luminescent components were alternatively organics or inorganics. Herein, the first totally inorganic CPL‐active system by “luminescent guest–chiral host” strategy is proposed. Luminescent sub‐10 nm lanthanide oxides (Eu2O3 or Tb2O3) nanoparticles (guests) were encapsulated into chiral non‐helical SiO2 nanofibres (host) through calcination of chiral SiO2 hybrid nanofibres, trapping Eu3+ (or Tb3+). These lanthanide oxides display circular dichroism (CD) optical activity in the ultraviolet wavelength and CPL signals around at 615 nm for Eu3+ and 545 nm for Tb3+. This work has implications for inorganic‐based CPL‐active systems by incorporation of various luminescent guests within chiral inorganic hosts.