bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
International Association for Trauma Surgery and Intensive Care (IATSIC) Presidential Address: Improving Trauma Care Globally: How is IATSIC Doing?
Authors: Mock Charles 
Published: August 2016

AbstarctIATSIC is the foremost professional society addressing trauma care globally. How is it doing in meeting the needs of most injured patients? The vast majority (65 %) of trauma deaths occur in the poorer half of the world (low‐income and lower‐middle‐income countries), where injury rates are the highest. IATSIC has accomplished a tremendous amount and has much to be proud of. However, most of its work thus far has been concentrated in the wealthier half of the world (upper‐middle‐income and high‐income countries). For example, most of the speakers on IATSIC’s biannual program are from upper‐middle‐income and high‐income countries and most of IATSIC’s courses are conducted in these countries. IATSIC’s trauma systems publications have been utilized in countries at all economic levels (including many low‐income and lower middle‐income countries), but much more needs to be done. IATSIC’S foundation is its membership. Only 5 % of our members come from the poorer half of the world. In order to make more of a difference for the majority of injured people in the world, IATSIC needs to expand its reach to where they live. Major priorities are: (1) increase representation from low‐ and lower middle‐income countries in our scientific program; (2) disseminate of our courses more widely; (3) increase utilization of our trauma system publications, especially for higher yield activities, such as longitudinal monitoring of trauma systems, implementation in health policy, and developing curricula for trauma care in medical schools and in post‐graduate training; and (4) especially, recruit new members from low‐ and lower‐middle‐income countries.
Family Structure and Child Health: Does the Sex Composition of Parents Matter?
Authors: Reczek Corinne , Spiker Russell , Liu Hui , Crosnoe Robert 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The children of different-sex married couples appear to be advantaged on a range of outcomes relative to the children of different-sex cohabiting couples. Despite the legalization of same-sex marriage in the United States, whether and how this general pattern extends to the children of same-sex married and cohabiting couples is unknown. This study examines this question with nationally representative data from the 2004–2013 pooled National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). Results reveal that children in cohabiting households have poorer health outcomes than children in married households regardless of the sex composition of their parents. Children in same-sex and different-sex married households are relatively similar to each other on health outcomes, as are children in same-sex and different-sex cohabiting households. These patterns are not fully explained by socioeconomic differences among the four different types of families. This evidence can inform general debates about family structure and child health as well as policy interventions aiming to reduce child health disparities.
A community‐based study of menstrual beliefs in Tigray, Ethiopia
Authors: Wall L. Lewis , Belay Shewaye , Bayray Alemayehu , Salih Seidi , Gabrehiwot Mitiku 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate knowledge and beliefs about menstruation in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia.MethodsBetween May 5 and May 25, 2015, a cross‐sectional survey using semi‐structured questionnaires was undertaken in 10 subdistricts (5 urban, 5 rural) in the Tigray Region of northern Ethiopia by trained data collectors (native speakers of the local languages). Individuals in randomly selected households who were aged 10 years or older and who were willing to participate were asked various questions regarding the nature and management of menstruation. Interviews were recorded, and handwritten field notes were taken during the interview process. Data were compiled, transcribed, translated into English, categorized, and analyzed thematically.ResultsOverall, 428 household members (349 female, 79 male) were interviewed. Reproductive anatomy and biology of menstrual regulation were poorly understood by the respondents. The belief that menstruating girls should not attend school was voiced by 17 (21.5%) male and 37 (10.6%) female respondents. Satisfactory management of menstrual hygiene was acknowledged to be a problem, and many respondents complained about the high cost of commercially produced, disposable menstrual pads.ConclusionImproved education on menstruation and better access to low‐cost, reusable menstrual hygiene supplies would be worthwhile in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia.
Global occurrence and heterogeneity of the Roseobacter-clade species Ruegeria mobilis
Authors: Sonnenschein Eva C , Nielsen Kristian F , D’Alvise Paul , Porsby Cisse H , Melchiorsen Jette , Heilmann Jens , Kalatzis Panos G , López-Pérez Mario , Bunk Boyke , Spröer Cathrin , Middelboe Mathias , Gram Lone 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Tropodithietic acid (TDA)-producing Ruegeria mobilis strains of the Roseobacter clade have primarily been isolated from marine aquaculture and have probiotic potential due to inhibition of fish pathogens. We hypothesized that TDA producers with additional novel features are present in the oceanic environment. We isolated 42 TDA-producing R. mobilis strains during a global marine research cruise. While highly similar on the 16S ribosomal RNA gene level (99–100% identity), the strains separated into four sub-clusters in a multilocus sequence analysis. They were further differentiated to the strain level by average nucleotide identity using pairwise genome comparison. The four sub-clusters could not be associated with a specific environmental niche, however, correlated with the pattern of sub-typing using co-isolated phages, the number of prophages in the genomes and the distribution in ocean provinces. Major genomic differences within the sub-clusters include prophages and toxin-antitoxin systems. In general, the genome of R. mobilis revealed adaptation to a particle-associated life style and querying TARA ocean data confirmed that R. mobilis is more abundant in the particle-associated fraction than in the free-living fraction occurring in 40% and 6% of the samples, respectively. Our data and the TARA data, although lacking sufficient data from the polar regions, demonstrate that R. mobilis is a globally distributed marine bacterial species found primarily in the upper open oceans. It has preserved key phenotypic behaviors such as the production of TDA, but contains diverse sub-clusters, which could provide new capabilities for utilization in aquaculture.
Crowdsourced assessment of common genetic contribution to predicting anti-TNF treatment response in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Sieberts Solveig K. , Zhu Fan , García-García Javier , Stahl Eli , Pratap Abhishek , Pandey Gaurav , Pappas Dimitrios , Aguilar Daniel , Anton Bernat , Bonet Jaume , Eksi Ridvan , Fornés Oriol , Guney Emre , Li Hongdong , Marín Manuel Alejandro , Panwar Bharat , Planas-Iglesias Joan , Poglayen Daniel , Cui Jing , Falcao Andre O. , Suver Christine , Hoff Bruce , Balagurusamy Venkat S. K. , Dillenberger Donna , Neto Elias Chaibub , Norman Thea , Aittokallio Tero , Ammad-ud-din Muhammad , Azencott Chloe-Agathe , Bellón Víctor , Boeva Valentina , Bunte Kerstin , Chheda Himanshu , Cheng Lu , Corander Jukka , Dumontier Michel , Goldenberg Anna , Gopalacharyulu Peddinti , Hajiloo Mohsen , Hidru Daniel , Jaiswal Alok , Kaski Samuel , Khalfaoui Beyrem , Khan Suleiman Ali , Kramer Eric R. , Marttinen Pekka , Mezlini Aziz M. , Molparia Bhuvan , Pirinen Matti , Saarela Janna , Samwald Matthias , Stoven Véronique , Tang Hao , Tang Jing , Torkamani Ali , Vert Jean-Phillipe , Wang Bo , Wang Tao , Wennerberg Krister , Wineinger Nathan E. , Xiao Guanghua , Xie Yang , Yeung Rae , Zhan Xiaowei , Zhao Cheng ,   Members of the Rheumatoid Arthritis Challenge Consortium, Calaza Manuel , Elmarakeby Haitham , Heath Lenwood S. , Long Quan , Moore Jonathan D. , Opiyo Stephen Obol , Savage Richard S. , Zhu Jun , Greenberg Jeff , Kremer Joel , Michaud Kaleb , Barton Anne , Coenen Marieke , Mariette Xavier , Miceli Corinne , Shadick Nancy , Weinblatt Michael , de Vries Niek , Tak Paul P. , Gerlag Danielle , Huizinga Tom W. J. , Kurreeman Fina , Allaart Cornelia F. , Louis Bridges S. , Criswell Lindsey , Moreland Larry , Klareskog Lars , Saevarsdottir Saedis , Padyukov Leonid , Gregersen Peter K. , Friend Stephen , Plenge Robert , Stolovitzky Gustavo , Oliva Baldo , Guan Yuanfang , Mangravite Lara M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) affects millions world-wide. While anti-TNF treatment is widely used to reduce disease progression, treatment fails in ∼one-third of patients. No biomarker currently exists that identifies non-responders before treatment. A rigorous community-based assessment of the utility of SNP data for predicting anti-TNF treatment efficacy in RA patients was performed in the context of a DREAM Challenge (http://www.synapse.org/RA_Challenge). An open challenge framework enabled the comparative evaluation of predictions developed by 73 research groups using the most comprehensive available data and covering a wide range of state-of-the-art modelling methodologies. Despite a significant genetic heritability estimate of treatment non-response trait (h2=0.18, P value=0.02), no significant genetic contribution to prediction accuracy is observed. Results formally confirm the expectations of the rheumatology community that SNP information does not significantly improve predictive performance relative to standard clinical traits, thereby justifying a refocusing of future efforts on collection of other data.
Urban heat islands in China enhanced by haze pollution
Authors: Cao Chang , Lee Xuhui , Liu Shoudong , Schultz Natalie , Xiao Wei , Zhang Mi , Zhao Lei 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe urban heat island (UHI), the phenomenon of higher temperatures in urban land than the surrounding rural land, is commonly attributed to changes in biophysical properties of the land surface associated with urbanization. Here we provide evidence for a long-held hypothesis that the biogeochemical effect of urban aerosol or haze pollution is also a contributor to the UHI. Our results are based on satellite observations and urban climate model calculations. We find that a significant factor controlling the nighttime surface UHI across China is the urban–rural difference in the haze pollution level. The average haze contribution to the nighttime surface UHI is 0.7±0.3 K (mean±1 s.e.) for semi-arid cities, which is stronger than that in the humid climate due to a stronger longwave radiative forcing of coarser aerosols. Mitigation of haze pollution therefore provides a co-benefit of reducing heat stress on urban residents.
Heterogeneous reduction of carbon dioxide by hydride-terminated silicon nanocrystals
Authors: Sun Wei , Qian Chenxi , He Le , Ghuman Kulbir Kaur , Wong Annabelle P. Y. , Jia Jia , Ali Feysal M. , O’Brien Paul G. , Reyes Laura M. , Wood Thomas E. , Helmy Amr S. , Mims Charles A. , Singh Chandra Veer , Ozin Geoffrey A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSilicon constitutes 28% of the earth’s mass. Its high abundance, lack of toxicity and low cost coupled with its electrical and optical properties, make silicon unique among the semiconductors for converting sunlight into electricity. In the quest for semiconductors that can make chemicals and fuels from sunlight and carbon dioxide, unfortunately the best performers are invariably made from rare and expensive elements. Here we report the observation that hydride-terminated silicon nanocrystals with average diameter 3.5 nm, denoted ncSi:H, can function as a single component heterogeneous reducing agent for converting gaseous carbon dioxide selectively to carbon monoxide, at a rate of hundreds of μmol h−1 g−1. The large surface area, broadband visible to near infrared light harvesting and reducing power of SiH surface sites of ncSi:H, together play key roles in this conversion. Making use of the reducing power of nanostructured hydrides towards gaseous carbon dioxide is a conceptually distinct and commercially interesting strategy for making fuels directly from sunlight.
Sixteen years of change in the global terrestrial human footprint and implications for biodiversity conservation
Authors: Venter Oscar , Sanderson Eric W. , Magrach Ainhoa , Allan James R. , Beher Jutta , Jones Kendall R. , Possingham Hugh P. , Laurance William F. , Wood Peter , Fekete Balázs M. , Levy Marc A. , Watson James E. M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHuman pressures on the environment are changing spatially and temporally, with profound implications for the planet’s biodiversity and human economies. Here we use recently available data on infrastructure, land cover and human access into natural areas to construct a globally standardized measure of the cumulative human footprint on the terrestrial environment at 1 km2 resolution from 1993 to 2009. We note that while the human population has increased by 23% and the world economy has grown 153%, the human footprint has increased by just 9%. Still, 75% the planet’s land surface is experiencing measurable human pressures. Moreover, pressures are perversely intense, widespread and rapidly intensifying in places with high biodiversity. Encouragingly, we discover decreases in environmental pressures in the wealthiest countries and those with strong control of corruption. Clearly the human footprint on Earth is changing, yet there are still opportunities for conservation gains.
Changes in diet quality in a randomized weight loss trial in breast cancer survivors: the lifestyle, exercise, and nutrition (LEAN) study
Authors: Anderson Chelsea , Harrigan Maura , George Stephanie M , Ferrucci Leah M , Sanft Tara , Irwin Melinda L , Cartmel Brenda 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObesity is associated with increased breast cancer recurrence and mortality. Though some post-diagnosis weight loss interventions have achieved weight loss outcomes, it is unclear whether they also improve diet quality. In the Lifestyle, Exercise, and Nutrition (LEAN) study, overweight or obese breast cancer survivors were randomized to either usual care group (n=33) or the 6-month lifestyle intervention (n=67). Dietary intake was assessed at baseline and 6 months using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and overall diet quality was calculated using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2010 (range 0–100). Intervention effects on diet were evaluated with generalized linear models. Among the 81 participants (51 intervention, 30 usual care) with dietary data, the mean baseline HEI score was 70.5 (s.d.=8.8) and was improved at 6 months (intervention group=6.8 point increase vs usual care=3.1, P=0.09). Intervention group participants achieved greater reductions in percent of energy from total fat (−4.2% vs −1.2%; P=0.013) and saturated fat (−2.2% vs −1.1%; P=0.003), and greater increases in fiber (4.8 g per 1000 kcal vs 1.3 g per 1000 kcal; P=0.007) and fruit (0.5 servings vs 0.0 servings; P=0.006) intake. Intervention group participants who lost ⩾5% body weight (n=27) demonstrated significantly greater improvements in HEI score (10.4 vs 2.8) than those who lost <5% (n=23). The intervention increased fruit and fiber intake and decreased percent energy from fat, and those with greater weight loss achieved greater increases in overall diet quality. These findings support the ability of a weight loss intervention to improve diet among breast cancer survivors.
Independent, extensible control of same-frequency superconducting qubits by selective broadcasting
Authors: Asaad Serwan , Dickel Christian , Langford Nathan K , Poletto Stefano , Bruno Alessandro , Rol Michiel Adriaan , Deurloo Duije , DiCarlo Leonardo 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA critical ingredient for realising large-scale quantum information processors will be the ability to make economical use of qubit control hardware. We demonstrate an extensible strategy for reusing control hardware on same-frequency transmon qubits in a circuit QED chip with surface-code-compatible connectivity. A vector switch matrix enables selective broadcasting of input pulses to multiple transmons with individual tailoring of pulse quadratures for each, as required to minimise the effects of leakage on weakly anharmonic qubits. Using randomised benchmarking, we compare multiple broadcasting strategies that each pass the surface-code error threshold for single-qubit gates. In particular, we introduce a selective broadcasting control strategy using five pulse primitives, which allows independent, simultaneous Clifford gates on arbitrary numbers of qubits.
Pseudomonas spp. diversity is negatively associated with suppression of the wheat take-all pathogen
Authors: Mehrabi Zia , McMillan Vanessa E. , Clark Ian M. , Canning Gail , Hammond-Kosack Kim E. , Preston Gail , Hirsch Penny R. , Mauchline Tim H. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBiodiversity and ecosystem functioning research typically shows positive diversity- productivity relationships. However, local increases in species richness can increase competition within trophic levels, reducing the efficacy of intertrophic level population control. Pseudomonas spp. are a dominant group of soil bacteria that play key roles in plant growth promotion and control of crop fungal pathogens. Here we show that Pseudomonas spp. richness is positively correlated with take-all disease in wheat and with yield losses of ~3 t/ha in the field. We modeled the interactions between Pseudomonas and the take-all pathogen in abstract experimental microcosms and show that increased bacterial genotypic richness escalates bacterial antagonism and decreases the ability of the bacterial community to inhibit growth of the take-all pathogen. Future work is required to determine the generality of these negative biodiversity effects on different media and directly at infection zones on root surfaces. However, the increase in competition between bacteria at high genotypic richness and the potential loss of fungal biocontrol activity highlights an important mechanism to explain the negative Pseudomonas diversity-wheat yield relationship we observed in the field. Together our results suggest that the effect of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning can depend on both the function and trophic level of interest.
Graphene-multiferroic interfaces for spintronics applications
Authors: Zanolli Zeila 
Published: August 2016

AbstractGraphene and magnetoelectric multiferroics are promising materials for spintronic devices with high performance and low energy consumption. A very long spin diffusion length and high carrier mobility make graphene attractive for spintronics. The coupling between ferroelectricity and magnetism, which characterises magnetoelectrics, opens the way towards unique device architectures. In this work, we combine the features of both materials by investigating the interface between graphene and BaMnO3, a magnetoelectric multiferroic. We show that electron charge is transferred across the interface and magnetization is induced in the graphene sheet due to the strong interaction between C and Mn. Depending on the relative orientation of graphene and BaMnO3, a quasi-half-metal or a magnetic semiconductor can be obtained. A remarkably large proximity induced spin splitting of the Dirac cones (~300 meV) is achieved. We also show how doping with acceptors can make the high-mobility region of the electronic bands experimentally accessible. This suggests a series of possible applications in spintronics (e.g. spin filters, spin injectors) for hybrid organic-multiferroic materials and reveals hybrid organic-multiferroics as a new class of materials that may exhibit exotic phenomena such as the quantum anomalous Hall effect and a Rashba spin-orbit induced topological gap.
Asymmetry in inward- and outward-affinity constant of transport explain unidirectional lysine flux in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Bianchi Frans , Klooster Joury S. van ‘t , Ruiz Stephanie J. , Luck Katja , Pols Tjeerd , Urbatsch Ina L. , Poolman Bert 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe import of basic amino acids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been reported to be unidirectional, which is not typical of how secondary transporters work. Since studies of energy coupling and transport kinetics are complicated in vivo, we purified the major lysine transporter (Lyp1) of yeast and reconstituted the protein into lipid vesicles. We show that the Michaelis constant (KM) of transport from out-to-in is well in the millimolar range and at least 3 to 4-orders of magnitude higher than that of transport in the opposite direction, disfavoring the efflux of solute via Lyp1. We also find that at low values of the proton motive force, the transport by Lyp1 is comparatively slow. We benchmarked the properties of eukaryotic Lyp1 to that of the prokaryotic homologue LysP and find that LysP has a similar KM for transport from in-to-out and out-to-in, consistent with rapid influx and efflux. We thus explain the previously described unidirectional nature of lysine transport in S. cerevisiae by the extraordinary kinetics of Lyp1 and provide a mechanism and rationale for previous observations. The high asymmetry in transport together with secondary storage in the vacuole allow the cell to accumulate basic amino acids to very high levels.
Murine tribbles homolog 2 deficiency affects erythroid progenitor development and confers macrocytic anemia on mice
Authors: Lin Kou-Ray , Yang-Yen Hsin-Fang , Lien Huang-Wei , Liao Wei-Hao , Huang Chang-Jen , Lin Liang-In , Li Chung-Leung , Yen Jeffrey Jong-Young 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTribbles homolog 2 (Trib2) is a member of Tribbles protein pseudokinases and involves in apoptosis, autoimmunity, cancer, leukemia and erythropoiesis, however, the physiological function of Trib2 in hematopoietic system remains to be elucidated. Here, we report that Trib2 knockout (KO) mice manifest macrocytic anemia and increase of T lymphocytes. Although Trib2 deficient RBCs have similar half-life as the control RBCs, Trib2 KO mice are highly vulnerable to oxidant-induced hemolysis. Endogenous Trib2 mRNA is expressed in early hematopoietic progenitors, erythroid precursors and lymphoid lineages, but not in mature RBCs, myeloid progenitors and granulocytes. Consistently, flow cytometric analysis and in vitro colony forming assay revealed that deletion of Trib2 mainly affected erythroid lineage development and had no effect on either granulocyte or megakaryocyte lineages in bone marrow. Furthermore, a genetic approach using double knockout of Trib2 and C/ebpα genes in mice suggested that Trib2 promotes erythropoiesis independent of C/ebpα proteins in vivo. Finally, ectopic expression of human Trib2 in zebrafish embryos resulted in increased expression of erythropoiesis-related genes and of hemoglobin. Taking all data together, our results suggest that Trib2 positively promotes early erythrocyte differentiation and is essential for tolerance to hemolysis.