bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep Learning for Fully-Automated Localization and Segmentation of Rectal Cancer on Multiparametric MR
Authors: Trebeschi Stefano , van Griethuysen Joost J. M. , Lambregts Doenja M. J. , Lahaye Max J. , Parmar Chintan , Bakers Frans C. H. , Peters Nicky H. G. M. , Beets-Tan Regina G. H. , Aerts Hugo J. W. L. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMultiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can provide detailed information of the physical characteristics of rectum tumours. Several investigations suggest that volumetric analyses on anatomical and functional MRI contain clinically valuable information. However, manual delineation of tumours is a time consuming procedure, as it requires a high level of expertise. Here, we evaluate deep learning methods for automatic localization and segmentation of rectal cancers on multiparametric MR imaging. MRI scans (1.5T, T2-weighted, and DWI) of 140 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer were included in our analysis, equally divided between discovery and validation datasets. Two expert radiologists segmented each tumor. A convolutional neural network (CNN) was trained on the multiparametric MRIs of the discovery set to classify each voxel into tumour or non-tumour. On the independent validation dataset, the CNN showed high segmentation accuracy for reader1 (Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC = 0.68) and reader2 (DSC = 0.70). The area under the curve (AUC) of the resulting probability maps was very high for both readers, AUC = 0.99 (SD = 0.05). Our results demonstrate that deep learning can perform accurate localization and segmentation of rectal cancer in MR imaging in the majority of patients. Deep learning technologies have the potential to improve the speed and accuracy of MRI-based rectum segmentations.
Oscillatory Nernst effect in Pt|ferrite|cuprate-superconductor trilayer films
Authors: Shiomi Y. , Lustikova J. , Saitoh E. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAlthough magnetism and superconductivity hardly coexist in a single material, recent advances in nanotechnology and spintronics have brought to light their interplay in magnetotransport in thin-film heterostructures. Here, we found a periodic oscillation of Nernst voltage with respect to magnetic fields in Pt|LiFe5O8 (Pt|LFO) bilayers grown on a cuprate superconductor YBa2Cu3O7−x
(YBCO). At high temperatures above the superconducting transition temperature (T
C
) of YBCO, spin Seebeck voltages originating in Pt|LFO layers are observed. As temperature decreases well below T
C
, the spin Seebeck voltage is suppressed and unconventional periodic voltage oscillation as a function of magnetic fields appears; such an oscillation emerging along the Hall direction in the superconducting state has not been observed yet. Dynamics of superconducting vortices pinned by surface precipitates seems responsible for the oscillatory Nernst effect.
Predictability of state-level flood damage in the conterminous United States: the role of hazard, exposure and vulnerability
Authors: Zhou Qianqian , Leng Guoyong , Feng Leyang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractUnderstanding historical changes in flood damage and the underlying mechanisms is critical for predicting future changes for better adaptations. In this study, a detailed assessment of flood damage for 1950–1999 is conducted at the state level in the conterminous United States (CONUS). Geospatial datasets on possible influencing factors are then developed by synthesizing natural hazards, population, wealth, cropland and urban area to explore the relations with flood damage. A considerable increase in flood damage in CONUS is recorded for the study period which is well correlated with hazards. Comparably, runoff indexed hazards simulated by the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model can explain a larger portion of flood damage variations than precipitation in 84% of the states. Cropland is identified as an important factor contributing to increased flood damage in central US while urbanland exhibits positive and negative relations with total flood damage and damage per unit wealth in 20 and 16 states, respectively. Overall, flood damage in 34 out of 48 investigated states can be predicted at the 90% confidence level. In extreme cases, ~76% of flood damage variations can be explained in some states, highlighting the potential of future flood damage prediction based on climate change and socioeconomic scenarios.
Transverse Coherence Limited Coherent Diffraction Imaging using a Molybdenum Soft X-ray Laser Pumped at Moderate Pump Energies
Authors: Zürch M. , Jung R. , Späth C. , Tümmler J. , Guggenmos A. , Attwood D. , Kleineberg U. , Stiel H. , Spielmann C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCoherent diffraction imaging (CDI) in the extreme ultraviolet has become an important tool for nanoscale investigations. Laser-driven high harmonic generation (HHG) sources allow for lab scale applications such as cancer cell classification and phase-resolved surface studies. HHG sources exhibit excellent coherence but limited photon flux due poor conversion efficiency. In contrast, table-top soft X-ray lasers (SXRL) feature excellent temporal coherence and extraordinary high flux at limited transverse coherence. Here, the performance of a SXRL pumped at moderate pump energies is evaluated for CDI and compared to a HHG source. For CDI, a lower bound for the required mutual coherence factor of |μ12| ≥ 0.75 is found by comparing a reconstruction with fixed support to a conventional characterization using double slits. A comparison of the captured diffraction signals suggests that SXRLs have the potential for imaging micron scale objects with sub-20 nm resolution in orders of magnitude shorter integration time compared to a conventional HHG source. Here, the low transverse coherence diameter limits the resolution to approximately 180 nm. The extraordinary high photon flux per laser shot, scalability towards higher repetition rate and capability of seeding with a high harmonic source opens a route for higher performance nanoscale imaging systems based on SXRLs.
Effect of Shock-Induced Cavitation Bubble Collapse on the damage in the Simulated Perineuronal Net of the Brain
Authors: Wu Yuan-Ting , Adnan Ashfaq 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to conduct modeling and simulation to understand the effect of shock-induced mechanical loading, in the form of cavitation bubble collapse, on damage to the brain’s perineuronal nets (PNNs). It is known that high-energy implosion due to cavitation collapse is responsible for corrosion or surface damage in many mechanical devices. In this case, cavitation refers to the bubble created by pressure drop. The presence of a similar damage mechanism in biophysical systems has long being suspected but not well-explored. In this paper, we use reactive molecular dynamics (MD) to simulate the scenario of a shock wave induced cavitation collapse within the perineuronal net (PNN), which is the near-neuron domain of a brain’s extracellular matrix (ECM). Our model is focused on the damage in hyaluronan (HA), which is the main structural component of PNN. We have investigated the roles of cavitation bubble location, shockwave intensity and the size of a cavitation bubble on the structural evolution of PNN. Simulation results show that the localized supersonic water hammer created by an asymmetrical bubble collapse may break the hyaluronan. As such, the current study advances current knowledge and understanding of the connection between PNN damage and neurodegenerative disorders.
Associations Between Vocal Symptoms and Genetic Variants in the Oxytocin Receptor and Arginine Vasopressin 1A Receptor Gene
Authors: Holmqvist Jämsen Sofia , Johansson Ada , Westberg Lars , Santtila Pekka , von der Pahlen Bettina , Simberg Susanna 
Published: July 2017

PurposeOxytocin and arginine vasopressin are associated with different aspects of the stress response. As stress is regarded as a risk factor for vocal symptoms, we wanted to explore the association between the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) and arginine vasopressin 1A receptor gene (AVPR1A) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and vocal symptoms. We also wanted to explore whether such effects might be mediated by cortisol because oxytocin and vasopressin are associated with cortisol levels.MethodA population-based sample (N= 657) of Finnish twins (born 1961–1989) completed a web questionnaire on the occurrence of vocal symptoms. A total of 170 participants submitted saliva samples for hormone analysis. A total of 20OXTRandAVPR1ASNPs were analyzed.ResultsThreeOXTRpolymorphisms (rs2270465, rs2268493, rs7632287) and 2AVPR1Apolymorphisms (rs1587097, rs1042615) showed nominal effects (p< .05) on vocal symptoms, of which 1 (rs1587097) remained significant after correcting for multiple testing (p= .003). We found potential mediation of the effect of theOXTRrs2268493 polymorphism on vocal symptoms through levels of cortisol.ConclusionsThe associations between variants ofOXTRandAVPR1Aand vocal symptoms indicate that oxytocin and vasopressin might influence vocal symptoms. The effect of oxytocin seems to be partly mediated through cortisol actions.
Evaluating the Energy Recovery Potential of Nigerian Coals under Non-Isothermal Thermogravimetry
Authors: Bevan Nyakuma Bemgba , Oladokun Olagoke , Jauro Aliyu , Damian Nyakuma Denen 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This study investigated the fuel properties and energy recovery potential of two coal samples from Ihioma (IHM) and Ogboligbo (OGB) environs in Nigeria. The ultimate, proximate, and bomb calorimetric analyses of the coal were examined. Next, the rank classification and potential application of the coals were evaluated according to the ASTM standard D388. Lastly, thermal decomposition behaviour was examined by non-isothermal thermogravimetry (TG) under pyrolysis conditions from 30 – 900 °C. The results indicated IHM and OGB contain high proportions of combustible elements for potential thermal conversion. The higher heating value (HHV) of IHM was 20.37 MJ/kg whereas OGB was 16.33 MJ/kg. TG analysis revealed 55% weight loss for OGB and 76% for IHM. The residual mass was 23% for IHM and 44% for OGB. Based on the temperature profile characteristics (TPCs); Ton
, Tmax
, and Toff
, IHM was more reactive than OGB due to its higher volatile matter (VM). Overall, results revealed the coals are Lignite (Brown) low-rank coals (LRCs) with potential for electric power generation.
Spatio-temporal distribution pattern of Calanus sinicus and its relationship with climate variability in the northern Yellow Sea
Authors: Yang Qing , Liu Hui , Liu Guize , Gu Yanbin 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The spatio-temporal distribution pattern of Calanus sinicus, a key copepod species, was examined in the northern Yellow Sea (YS). Compared with 1959 and 1982, there was a significant increase in the abundance of C. sinicus in the spring, summer, and autumn of 2011 and winter of 2014. The percentage of C. sinicus in the zooplankton assemblages ranging from 45.6 to 75.8% in different seasons of 2011-2014 was significantly higher than that in 1982. Two different spatial distribution patterns of C. sinicus were observed, with higher abundance occurring nearshore during the cold season (e.g. January) and offshore in the central portion of the northern YS in the warm season (e.g. May, July, and October). The YS Cold Water Mass in the central portion of the northern YS likely provides an important over-summering site for the species. Additionally, a greater increase of the abundance of C. sinicus was found in the northern portion (the northern YS) of its spatial distribution during the past half century. This study has an implication on the climate-driven shifts in zooplankton community in the northern YS, highlighting the importance of C. sinicus in the warm-temperate ecosystem of Chinese coastal seas.
Feasibility of Treating Hepatitis C in a Transient Jail Population
Authors: MacDonald Ross , Akiyama Matthew J , Kopolow Aimee , Rosner Zachary , McGahee Wendy , Joseph Rodrigue , Jaffer Mohamed , Venters Homer 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Jails represent a critical component of the public health response to HCV elimination. We report on outcomes of 104 patients receiving HCV treatment from January 1, 2014 to June 30, 2016 in a large urban jail setting. Our data demonstrate that treatment in jails is feasible, but many barriers remain.
Variations of Occipital Artery-Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Bypass: Anatomic Consideration
Authors: Matsushima Ken , Matsuo Satoshi , Komune Noritaka , Kohno Michihiro , Lister J Richard 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Advances in diagnosis of posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysms have revealed the high frequency of distal and/or dissecting PICA aneurysms. Surgical treatment of such aneurysms often requires revascularization of the PICA including but not limited to its caudal loop.

OBJECTIVE
To examine the microsurgical anatomy involved in occipital artery (OA)-PICA anastomosis at various anatomic segments of the PICA.

METHODS
Twenty-eight PICAs in 15 cadaveric heads were examined with the operating microscope to take morphometric measurements and explore the specific anatomy of bypass procedures.

RESULTS
OA bypass to the p2, p3, p4, or p5 segment was feasible with a recipient vessel of sufficient diameter. The loop wandering near the jugular foramen in the p2 segment provided sufficient length without requiring cauterization of any perforating arteries to the brainstem. Wide dissection of the cerebellomedullary fissure provided sufficient exposure for the examination of some p3 segments and all p4 segments hidden by the tonsil. OA-p5 bypass was placed at the main trunk before the bifurcation in 5 hemispheres and at the larger hemispheric trunk in others.

CONCLUSION
Understanding the possible variations of OA-PICA bypass may enable revascularization of the appropriate portion of the PICA when the parent artery must be occluded. A detailed anatomic understanding of each segment clarifies important technical nuances for the bypass on each segment. Dissection of the cerebellomedullary fissure helps to achieve sufficient exposure for the bypass procedures on most of the segments.
Using Rasch Analysis to Validate the Motor Activity Log and the Lower Functioning Motor Activity Log in Patients With Stroke
Authors: Chuang I-Ching , Lin Keh-Chung , Wu Ching-Yi , Hsieh Yu-Wei , Liu Chien-Ting , Chen Chia-Ling 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe Motor Activity Log (MAL) and Lower-Functioning MAL (LF-MAL) are used to assess the amount of use of the more impaired arm and the quality of movement during activities in real-life situations for patients with stroke.ObjectiveThis study used Rasch analysis to examine the psychometric properties of the MAL and LF-MAL in patients with stroke.DesignThis is a methodological study.MethodsThe MAL and LF-MAL include 2 scales: the amount of use (AOU) and the quality of movement (QOM). Rasch analysis was used to examine the unidimensionality, item difficulty hierarchy, targeting, reliability, and differential item functioning (DIF) of the MAL and LF-MAL.ResultsA total of 403 patients with mild or moderate stroke completed the MAL, and 134 patients with moderate/severe stroke finished the LF-MAL. Evidence of disordered thresholds and poor model fit were found both in the MAL and LF-MAL. After the rating categories were collapsed and misfit items were deleted, all items of the revised MAL and LF-MAL exhibited ordering and constituted unidimensional constructs. The person-item map showed that these assessments were difficult for our participants. The person reliability coefficients of these assessments ranged from .79 to .87. No items in the revised MAL and LF-MAL exhibited bias related to patients’ characteristics.LimitationsOne limitation is the recruited patients, who have relatively high–functioning ability in the LF-MAL.ConclusionsThe revised MAL and LF-MAL are unidimensional scales and have good reliability. The categories function well, and responses to all items in these assessments are not biased by patients’ characteristics. However, the revised MAL and LF-MAL both showed floor effect. Further study might add easy items for assessing the performance of activity in real-life situations for patients with stroke.
Prolonged Second Stage in Nulliparous With Epidurals: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gimovsky Alexis C. , Guarente Juliana , Berghella Vincenzo 
Published: July 2017

(Abstracted from J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2017;30:461–465)
When the second stage of labor is 3 hours or more in nulliparous women with an epidural, it has been defined as “prolonged second stage.” Effective clinical management of the second stage is crucial because much of the maternal and neonatal morbidity associated with birth occurs during the second stage or around delivery. In nulliparous women, a prolonged second stage of labor occurs in 9.9% to 16.7% of cases.
mTORC1/2 Inhibition Preserves Ovarian Function and Fertility During Genotoxic Chemotherapy
Authors: Goldman Kara N. , Chenette Devon , Arju Rezina , Duncan Francesca E. , Keefe David L. , Grifo Jamie A. , Schneiderb Robert J. 
Published: July 2017

(Abstracted from Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017;114:3186–3191)
The ovaries have a fixed pool of immature (primordial) follicles at birth known as the ovarian reserve. Activation or loss of follicles in this reserve causes an irreversible decline in reproductive function that culminates in menopause.
Carcinoma of the Middle Ear: A Review of the National Cancer Database
Authors: Brant Jason A. , Eliades Steven J. , Chen Jinbo , Newman Jason G. , Ruckenstein Michael J. 
Published: July 2017

Introduction:
Malignancy of the middle ear is a rare condition with limited data available for clinical guidance.

Study Design:
Retrospective evaluation of a large national database.

Setting:
Deidentified national cancer database.

Patients:
Subjects with diagnosis of malignancy of the middle ear in the National Cancer Database between 2004 and 2012.

Main Outcome Measures:
Demographic information and tumor characteristics were evaluated. The primary endpoint of interest is overall survival.

Results:
The most common histology was squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (50%). Multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis found the following variables had a significant negative impact on overall survival: age (HR 1.04 95% CI [1.02–1.05]), squamous cell carcinoma, not otherwise specified (NOS) (HR 2.08 95% CI [1.30–3.32]), squamous cell carcinoma, keratinizing, NOS (HR 4.20 95% CI [2.14–8.24]), embroynal rhabdomyosarcoma, NOS (HR 4.96 95% CI [1.17–21.11]), and unknown extension (HR 2.87 95% CI [1.22–6.74]). For patients of SCC who underwent surgery, 30 had positive margins and 29 underwent adjuvant radiation. For these, no survival advantage was found with the addition of chemotherapy, regardless of node status.

Conclusion:
Malignancy of the middle ear is a rare condition with prognosis that depends on histology. The most common histology, SCC, is associated with the poorest overall survival. Evaluation of large national datasets can add significantly to the understanding of such uncommon tumors.
Reduction in Temporary and Permanent Audiological Injury Through Internal Jugular Vein Compression in a Rodent Blast Injury Model
Authors: Sindelar Brian , Shinners Michael , Sherman Sydney , Erickson Kristine , Patel Vimal , Kubilis Paul , Finan John D. , Bailes Julian E. 
Published: July 2017

Hypothesis:
Internal jugular vein (IJV) compression influences not only intracranial but also intracochlear physiology and has demonstrated preclinical effectiveness in reducing acute audiological injury in a rodent blast model. However, the long-term effects in this model are unknown.

Background:
Blast wave-induced audiological injury from an improvised explosive device is a leading cause of morbidity among service members in theater but there are limitations to the current protective measures.

Methods:
For this study, we exposed 20 Sprague Dawley rats to a 16.8 ± 0.3 PSI (195.3 dB SPL) right-sided shock wave in which 10 had application of a custom IJV compression collar in place at the time of injury.

Results:
IJV compression at the time of injury was shown acutely to significantly reduce the incidence of tympanic membrane rupture and the initial temporary threshold shift on otoacoustic emissions in both the right and left ears of animals who had collar application immediately after and 7 days post injury. At 28 days from injury, collared animals demonstrated a return to baseline of otoacoustic emission values while the noncollared animals had persistent threshold shifts, signifying the presence of a permanent threshold shift only in those animals without collar application. IJV compression was also found to significantly reduce hair cell loss at the base of the cochlea secondary to mechanical trauma from the blast wind.

Conclusion:
Previously observed acute protective effects of IJV compression are sustained at chronic time points. IJV compression can potentially be used to reduce long-term permanent morbidity from blast-induced audiological trauma.
Vestibular Schwannoma Growth With Aspirin and Other Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs
Authors: Hunter Jacob B. , O’Connell Brendan P. , Wanna George B. , Bennett Marc L. , Rivas Alejandro , Thompson Reid C. , Haynes David S. 
Published: July 2017

Objective:
To investigate whether the use of aspirin or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) impact the growth of vestibular schwannoma (VS).

Study Design:
Retrospective case series.

Setting:
Single academic, tertiary care center.

Patients:
Patients with VS who underwent at least two magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies before intervention.

Intervention(s):
Serial MRI studies.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
VS tumor growth, defined as more than or equal to 2 mm increase in the maximum tumor diameter between consecutive MRI studies, or between the first and last available study. Mean growth rate was also calculated, defined as the change in tumor size divided by length of follow-up.

Results:
A total of 564 VS patients met inclusion criteria, with 234 (41.2%) taking some type of NSAID. Aspirin use was not associated with VS tumor growth, presenting tumor diameter, or mean VS growth rate. Further, aspirin dosage did not impact growth outcomes or presenting tumor diameter. A total of 96 (17.0%) patients took an NSAID other than aspirin. Neither non-aspirin NSAID use nor degree of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selectivity, including aspirin, was significantly associated with VS tumor growth, presenting tumor diameter, or mean VS growth rate.

Conclusions:
While previous studies have suggested a relationship between aspirin usage and VS growth, we found no significant association in our series of 564 observed VS. Furthermore, there was no apparent relationship between aspirin dosage, non-aspirin NSAID use, and COX-2 selectivity with VS growth, presenting tumor diameter at presentation, or mean VS growth rate.