bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying overlap and fitness consequences of migration strategy with seasonal habitat use and a conservation policy
Authors: Dinkins Jonathan B. , Lawson Kirstie J. , Smith Kurt T. , Beck Jeffrey L. , Kirol Christopher P. , Pratt Aaron C. , Conover Michael R. , Blomquist Frank C. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractOur study aimed to delineate seasonal habitats and assess differential fitness related to migration strategy and seasonal habitat use of greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus, hereafter “sage‐grouse”). In addition, we evaluated benefits gained for sage‐grouse through the implementation of the Wyoming Core Area Strategy relative to protection of habitat and differences in nest, brood, and annual female survival. We compared the proportion of seasonal habitats that were within or outside Core Areas as delineated with 75% and 95% kernel density contours (KDE). The proportion of summer and winter habitats (95% KDE) that overlapped Core Areas was 0.69 of summer and 0.50 of winter habitat within a Core Area. We found no differences in nest or brood survival among migration strategies or within and outside Core Areas. However, females that did not migrate out of their respective winter habitat had lower risk of death, which highlighted year‐round benefits of winter habitat. Females had lower risk of death during winter with the lowest risk occurring during winter in Core Areas. Higher temperature and lower snow water equivalent during the breeding season and fall were detrimental to female survival, whereas neither had an effect on winter survival. Although Core Areas encompassed a large proportion of winter habitat, our results indicate that Core Areas (as delineated) were not the most direct way to protect winter habitat for sage‐grouse. During winter, sage‐grouse gathered within habitat conducive to winter survival, indicating that disturbances within these winter habitats may have broad consequences for sage‐grouse populations.
Lipids in Eating and Appetite Regulation – A Neuro‐Cognitive Perspective
Authors: Borg Saskia , Seubert Janina 
Published: November 2017

Foods high in dietary fat provide a particularly energy‐rich source of nutrition. A preferred food choice in humans, their intake is thought to contribute substantially to the current obesity epidemic. Fat has recently been proposed to constitute a basic taste; yet, its diverse sensory properties in the olfactory and somatosensory domain, as well as its postingestive effects have made the exact attributes that make its consumption so appealing difficult to disentangle. Recent scientific advances have shed light on the different molecular mechanisms underlying the sensory detection of fat in the periphery, and described their relevance for perceptual experience and eating behavior. However, these different analysis levels are to date poorly integrated, both within each sensory modality, and from a multisensory perspective.The current Highlight Article aims to integrate current knowledge concerning the molecular mechanisms of the different sensory modalities contributing to fat perception, as well as their cortical neuroanatomical correlates and their behavioral and clinical relevance for fat intake. In doing so, we would like to highlight the evidence for cortical integration among the different sensory domains as a driving mechanism for the emotional evaluation of fatty foods, and point out gaps in the current literature, which should be addressed to complete the picture of fat perception from a cognitive neuroscience perspective.
Flexible particle flow‐focusing in microchannel driven by droplet‐directed induced‐charge electroosmosis
Authors: Ren Yukun , Liu Xianyu , Liu Weiyu , Tao Ye , Jia Yankai , Hou Likai , Li Wenying , Jiang Hongyuan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe report herein a novel microfluidic particle concentrator that utilizes constriction microchannels to enhance the flow‐focusing performance of induced‐charge electroosmosis (ICEO), where viscous hemi‐spherical oil droplets are embedded within the mainchannel to form deformable converging‐diverging constriction structures. The constriction region between symmetric oil droplets partially coated on the electrode strips can improve the focusing performance by inducing a granular wake flow area at the diverging channel, which makes almost all of the scattered sample particles trapped within a narrow stream on the floating electrode. Another asymmetric droplet pair arranged near the outlets can further direct the trajectory of focused particle stream to one specified outlet port depending on the symmetry breaking in the shape of opposing phase interfaces. By fully exploiting rectification properties of induced‐charge electrokinetic phenomena at immiscible water/oil interfaces of tunable geometry, the expected function of continuous and switchable flow‐focusing is demonstrated by preconcentrating both inorganic silica particles and biological yeast cells. Physical mechanisms responsible for particle focusing and locus deflection in the droplet‐assisted concentrentor are analyzed in detail, and simulation results are in good accordance with experimental observations. Our work provides new routes to construct flexible electrokinetic framework for preprocessing on‐chip biological samples before performing subsequent analysis.
Bivariate Gaussian mixture–based equivalent linearization method for stochastic seismic analysis of nonlinear structures
Authors: Yi Sang‐ri , Wang Ziqi , Song Junho 
Published: November 2017

SummaryTo address challenges in stochastic seismic analysis of nonlinear structures, this paper further develops a recently proposed Gaussian mixture–based equivalent linearization method (GM‐ELM). The GM‐ELM uses a Gaussian mixture distribution model to approximate the probabilistic distribution of a nonlinear system response. Using properties of the Gaussian mixture model, GM‐ELM can decompose the non‐Gaussian response of a nonlinear system into multiple Gaussian responses of linear single–degree of freedom oscillators. With the set of the equivalent linear systems identified by GM‐ELM, response statistics as crossing rate and first‐passage probability can be computed conveniently using theories of linear random vibration analysis. However, the original version of GM‐ELM may lead to an inaccurate estimate because of the heuristic parameters of the linear system introduced to supplement insufficient information. To overcome this limitation and define unique equivalent linear systems, this paper proposes a further developed version of GM‐ELM, which uses a mixture of bivariate Gaussian densities instead of univariate models. Moreover, to facilitate the use of elastic response spectra for estimating the mean peak responses of a nonlinear structure, a new response spectrum combination rule is proposed for GM‐ELM. Two numerical examples of hysteretic structural systems are presented in this paper to illustrate the application of the bivariate GM‐ELM to nonlinear stochastic seismic analysis. The analysis results obtained by the bivariate GM‐ELM are compared with those obtained by the univariate GM‐ELM, the conventional equivalent linearization method, the tail equivalent linearization method, and Monte Carlo simulation. The supporting source code and data are available for download at https://github.com/yisangri/GitHub‐bGM‐ELM‐code.git
A standardized tritrophic small-scale system (TriCosm) for the assessment of stressor-induced effects on aquatic community dynamics
Authors: Riedl Verena , Agatz Annika , Benstead Rachel , Ashauer Roman 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Chemical impacts on the environment are routinely assessed in single-species tests. They are employed to measure direct effects on nontarget organisms, but indirect effects on ecological interactions can only be detected in multispecies tests. Micro- and mesocosms are more complex and environmentally realistic, yet they are less frequently used for environmental risk assessment because resource demand is high, whereas repeatability and statistical power are often low. Test systems fulfilling regulatory needs (i.e., standardization, repeatability, and replication) and the assessment of impacts on species interactions and indirect effects are lacking. In the present study we describe the development of the TriCosm, a repeatable aquatic multispecies test with 3 trophic levels and increased statistical power. High repeatability of community dynamics of 3 interacting aquatic populations (algae, Ceriodaphnia, and Hydra) was found with an average coefficient of variation of 19.5% and the ability to determine small effect sizes. The TriCosm combines benefits of both single-species tests (fulfillment of regulatory requirements) and complex multispecies tests (ecological relevance) and can be used, for instance, at an intermediate tier in environmental risk assessment. Furthermore, comparatively quickly generated population and community toxicity data can be useful for the development and testing of mechanistic effect models. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1051–1060. © 2017 SETAC
Iron and Single Electron Transfer: All is in the Ligand
Authors: Desage‐El Murr Marine , Fensterbank Louis , Ollivier Cyril 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis account describes some advances we have made in the field of iron catalysis. Two types of reactivity have been uncovered. Based on the use of an iron(II) precatalyst in the presence of NaBH4, the first one consists in a SET which can be useful for the reductive dehalogenation of iodide and bromide derivatives. Switching to the non‐innocent bis‐iminopyridine ligands promotes a previously undescribed Csp2−H activation reaction leading to biaryl derivatives. First clues into the intricate nature of the mechanism were obtained and suggested that the redox‐active bis‐iminopyridine ligand acts as an electron reservoir. The resulting buildup of electron density triggers the C−H bond breaking. All these findings are discussed in light of the existing literature and perspectives are given.
Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia as an Atypical Form of Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Marx Stephen J 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) causes lifelong hypercalcemia with features that overlap with typical primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). The incompleteness of this overlap has led to divergent nomenclatures for FHH. I compare two nomenclatures. One sets FHH as an entity distinct from PHPT. The other groups FHH with PHPT but conditions FHH as atypical PHPT. I analyzed selected articles about calcium-sensing receptors, FHH, PHPT, CASR, GNA11, and AP2S1. FHH usually results from a heterozygous germline inactivating mutation of the CASR, and less frequently from mutation of GNA11 or AP2S1. The CASR encodes the calcium-sensing receptors. These are highly expressed on parathyroid cells, where they sense serum calcium concentration and regulate suppression of PTH secretion by serum calcium. Their mutated expression in the kidney in FHH causes increased renal tubular reabsorption of calcium (hypocalciuria). Many FHH features are shared with PHPT and thus support FHH as a form of PHPT. These include a driver mutation expressed mainly in the parathyroid cells. The mutation causes a parathyroid cell insensitivity to extracellular calcium in vivo and in vitro, a right-shift of the set point for suppression of PTH secretion by calcium. Serum PTH is normal or mildly elevated; ie, it is not appropriately suppressed by hypercalcemia. Total parathyroidectomy causes hypoparathyroidism and durable remission of hypercalcemia. Some other features are not shared with PHPT and could support FHH as a distinct entity. These include onset of hypercalcemia in the first week of life, frequent persistence of hypercalcemia after subtotal parathyroidectomy, and hypocalciuria. The features supporting FHH as a form of PHPT are stronger than those favoring FHH as a distinct entity. Classifying FHH as an atypical form of PHPT represents compact nomenclature and supports current concepts of pathophysiology of FHH and PHPT. Published 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Complying with the Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA): Challenges and solutions
Authors: Hsuan Charleen , Horwitz Jill R. , Ponce Ninez A. , Hsia Renee Y. , Needleman Jack 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA), which requires Medicare‐participating hospitals to provide emergency care to patients regardless of their ability to pay, plays an important role in protecting the uninsured. Yet many hospitals do not comply. This study examines the reasons for noncompliance and proposes solutions. We conducted 11 semistructured key informant interviews with hospitals, hospital associations, and patient safety organizations in the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services region with the highest number of EMTALA complaints filed. Respondents identified 5 main causes of noncompliance: financial incentives to avoid unprofitable patients, ignorance of EMTALA's requirements, high referral burden at hospitals receiving EMTALA transfer patients, reluctance to jeopardize relationships with transfer partners by reporting borderline EMTALA violations, and opposing priorities of hospitals and physicians. Respondents suggested 5 methods to improve compliance, including educating subspecialists about EMTALA, informally educating hospitals about borderline violations, and incorporating EMTALA‐compliant processes into hospital operations such as by routing transfer requests through the emergency department. To improve compliance we suggest (1) more closely aligning Medicaid/Medicare payment policies with EMTALA, (2) amending the Act to permit informal mediation between hospitals about borderline violations, (3) increasing the hospital's role in ensuring EMTALA compliance, and (4) expanding the role of hospital associations.
Total septal perforation repair with a pericranial flap: Radio‐anatomical and clinical findings
Authors: Alobid Isam , Langdon Cristóbal , López‐Chacon Mauricio , Enseñat Joaquim , Carrau Ricardo , Bernal‐Sprekelsen Manuel , Santamaría Alfonso 
Published: November 2017

Objectives/HypothesisEndonasal surgeries are the primary cause of septal perforation (SP). However, trauma, inflammation, infections, neoplasms, or abuse of inhaled drugs can also cause SP. Septal repair is indicated in patients who experience nasal obstruction, crusting, intermittent epistaxis, purulent discharge, or nasal whistling and in those who fail conservative treatment. Multiple approaches have been suggested to repair the SP; however, none has been universally adopted. This study explores the feasibility of repairing a total SP using the pericranial flap (PCF).Study DesignAnatomical cadaver and radiological study plus case study.MethodsTotal nasal septectomy and endoscopic reconstruction with a PCF was performed in 12 injected cadaveric specimens. Maximum length and area of the nasal septum and the PCF were measured in 75 computed tomography scans. Based on the anatomical study and the radiological measurements of the cadavers, one patient underwent total nasal septum repair.ResultsAnatomic measurements showed that the nasal septum has a mean length of 5.8 ± 0.7 cm, whereas the PCF was on average 18.4 ± 1.3 cm long (mean surface area 121.6 ± 17.7 cm2). Radiological measurements revealed that the PCF should provide a surface area of 40.9 ± 4.2 cm2 to account for the total septal area and an additional 30% to account range for potential scar retraction. For total septum repair, the distal edge of the PCF had to be placed 0.8 ± 2.0 cm (3.4 ± 8.7°) from the adopted reference point (vertical projection of the external ear canal). Total septal reconstruction was performed successfully in one patient without complications.ConclusionsRadio‐anatomical data and a case study demonstrate that a PCF allows complete endoscopic repair of the nasal septum.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 128:1320–1327, 2018
A shared decision‐making tool for obstructive sleep apnea without tonsillar hypertrophy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bergeron Mathieu , Duggins Angela L. , Cohen Aliza P. , Tiemeyer Karin , Mullen Lisa , Crisalli Joseph , McArthur Angela , Ishman Stacey L. 
Published: November 2017

Objectives/HypothesisShared decision‐making is a process whereby patients and clinicians jointly establish a treatment plan integrating clinical evidence and patient values and preferences. Although this approach has been successfully employed in numerous medical disciplines, often using shared decision‐making tools, otolaryngologic research assessing its use is scant. Our primary objective was therefore to determine if the tools we developed reduced decisional conflict for children with obstructive sleep apnea without tonsillar hypertrophy.Study DesignProspective, single‐blind, randomized controlled trial.MethodsWe enrolled consecutive patients meeting inclusion criteria who were referred to our multidisciplinary upper airway center. Study patients used a shared decision‐making tool whereas controls did not. Measures of decisional conflict (SURE [Sure of myself, Understanding information, Risk benefit ratio, Encouragement], CollaboRATE, and the Decisional Conflict Scale [DCS]) were obtained pre‐ and postvisit.ResultsWe assessed 50 families (study group = 24, controls = 26). The mean age was 8.8 ± 6.6 years, 44% were female, 86% were white, and the mean obstructive apnea‐hypopnea index was 12.7 ± 15.6 events/hour. The previsit mean DCS score was similar for controls (42.7) and study patients (40.8) (P = .38). The postvisit mean DCS score for controls was 13.3 and for study patients 6.1 (P = .034). Improvement in this score was greater in the study group (P = .03). At previsit evaluation, 63% of controls and 58% of study patients were unsure about their options. Postvisit, this improved to 4.1% and 0%, respectively.ConclusionsFamilies counseled regarding treatment options using shared decision‐making tools had significantly less decisional conflict than those who did not use these tools. These positive outcomes suggest that clinicians should consider integrating this approach into clinical practice.Level of Evidence1b. Laryngoscope, 128:1007–1015, 2018
Proton density–weighted laryngeal magnetic resonance imaging in systemically dehydrated rats
Authors: Oleson Steven , Lu Kun‐Han , Liu Zhongming , Durkes Abigail C. , Sivasankar M. Preeti 
Published: November 2017

Objectives/HypothesisDehydrated vocal folds are inefficient sound generators. Although systemic dehydration of the body is believed to induce vocal fold dehydration, this causative relationship has not been demonstrated in vivo. Here we investigate the feasibility of using in vivo proton density (PD)–weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to demonstrate hydration changes in vocal fold tissue following systemic dehydration in rats.Study DesignAnimal study.MethodsSprague‐Dawley rats (n = 10) were imaged at baseline and following a 10% reduction in body weight secondary to withholding water. In vivo, high‐field (7 T), PD‐weighted MRI was used to successfully resolve vocal fold and salivary gland tissue structures.ResultsNormalized signal intensities within the vocal fold decreased postdehydration by an average of 11.38% ± 3.95% (mean ± standard error of the mean [SEM], P = .0098) as compared to predehydration levels. The salivary glands experienced a similar decrease in normalized signal intensity by an average of 10.74% ± 4.14% (mean ± SEM, P = .0195) following dehydration. The correlation coefficient (percent change from dehydration) between vocal folds and salivary glands was 0.7145 (P = .0202).ConclusionsTen percent systemic dehydration induced vocal fold dehydration as assessed by PD‐weighted MRI. Changes in the hydration state of vocal fold tissue were highly correlated with that of the salivary glands in dehydrated rats in vivo. These preliminary findings demonstrate the feasibility of using PD‐weighted MRI to quantify hydration states of the vocal folds and lay the foundation for further studies that explore more routine and realistic magnitudes of systemic dehydration and rehydration.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 128:E222–E227, 2018
Cricothyroid joint type as predictor for vocal fold elongation in professional singers
Authors: Storck Claudio , Unteregger Fabian 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveVocal fold (VF) elongation vocal folds depends on two factors: the activity of the laryngeal muscles and the cricothyroid joint (CTJ). The aim of the study was to show the influence of the CTJ on VF elongation while singing a sustained vowel at different pitches.Study DesignProspective study.MethodsForty‐nine female professional singers (25 sopranos, 24 altos) were recruited. Three‐dimensional images of the larynx derived from high‐resolution computed tomography scanning were obtained at the mean speaking fundamental frequency (F0) and one (F1) and two octaves (F2) above this pitch.ResultsFrom F0 to F1, all three CTJ types showed equal elongation of the VF (type A: 14%, type B/C: 13%). From F1 to F2, VF elongation was 8% in singers with type A and 4% in those with type B/C (P < 0.0001).ConclusionThe stability of the CTJ directly influences VF during singing. This is the first study to show this relationship in vivo.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 128:1176–1181, 2018
Cough strength and expiratory force in aspirating and nonaspirating postradiation head and neck cancer survivors
Authors: Hutcheson Katherine A. , Barrow Martha P. , Warneke Carla L. , Wang Yiqun , Eapen George , Lai Stephen Y. , Barringer Denise A. , Plowman Emily K. , Lewin Jan S. 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveExpiratory functions that clear aspiration from the airway are compromised in patients with neurogenic dysphagia for whom cough and expiratory force may be impaired by the primary disease process. The relationship between expiratory function, cough, and aspiration is less clear in head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors for whom the disease process does not directly impact the lower respiratory system. Our objective was to compare mechanisms of airway clearance (expiratory force and cough) with aspiration status in postradiated HNC survivors.Study DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsOne hundred and three disease‐free HNC survivors ≥ 3‐months postradiotherapy referred for modified barium swallow studies were prospectively enrolled regardless of dysphagia status. Maximum expiratory pressures (MEPs) and peak cough flow (PCF) measures were taken at enrollment and examined as a function of aspiration status using generalized linear regression methods.ResultsThirty‐four (33%) patients aspirated. Maximum expiratory pressure and PCF demonstrated a moderate positive correlation (Pearson's r = 0.35). Adjusting for sex and age, MEPs were on average 19.2% lower (21.1 cm H2O, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.3, 36.8) among aspirators. Peak cough flow was also 14.9% lower (59.6 L/minute, 95% CI 15.8, 103.3) among aspirators after adjusting for age and sex.ConclusionExpiratory functions were depressed in postradiated HNC aspirators relative to nonaspirators, suggesting that airway protection impairments may extend beyond disrupted laryngopharyngeal mechanisms in the local treatment field. Exercises to strengthen subglottic expiratory force‐generating capacity may offer an adjunctive therapeutic target to improve airway protection in chronic aspirators after head and neck radiotherapy.Level of Evidence2b. Laryngoscope, 128:1615–1621, 2018