bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parental migration, paid child labour, and human capital
Authors: Shimada Akira 
Published: February 2017

PurposeHouseholds suffering from poverty often rely on parental migration and/or paid child labour for survival. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of parental migration on paid child labour and human capital formation in a dynamic context, explicitly taking the effects of parental migration on child’s school and home education into account.Design/methodology/approachThe author utilises a mathematical method. In particular, an overlapping-generations model is built, with agents who have a two-period life. The amount of paid child labour is determined as a solution of the utility maximisation problem.FindingsContrary to intuition, parental migration possibilities do not necessarily reduce paid child labour. In addition, parental migration possibilities do not necessarily raise human capital. Moreover, a trade-off might exist between alleviating paid child labour and raising human capital under parental migration possibilities.Research limitations/implicationsMigration possibilities are given exogenously evenly among potential migrants by the foreign country. However, in general, they depend on potential migrants’ human capital so that migration possibilities differ across agents.Practical implicationsMigration is usually considered effective in alleviating poverty. However, since it does not necessarily reduce paid child labour and raise human capital, migration should be regulated in some cases as a means to escape from poverty.Originality/valueThis paper deals with parental migration and paid child labour in an identical dynamic model. This paper assumes that human capital is built not only by school education but also home education, the amount of which changes with the duration of parental migration.
Surface integrity of quenched steel 1045 machined by CBN grinding wheel and SiC grinding wheel
Authors: Ji Kankan , Zhang Xingquan , Yang Shubao , Shi Liping , Wang Shiyi , Wu Yuguo 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate surface integrity of quenched steel 1045 ground drily by the brazed cubic boron nitride (CBN) grinding wheel and the black SiC wheel, respectively. Surface integrity, including surface roughness, sub-surface hardness, residual stresses and surface morphology, was investigated in detail, and the surface quality of samples ground by two grinding wheels was compared.

Design/methodology/approach
In the present work, surface integrity of quenched steel 1045 machined by the CBN grinding wheel and the SiC wheel was investigated systematically. All the specimens were machined with a single pass in the down-cutting mode of dry condition. Surface morphology of the ground specimen was observed by using OLYMPUS BX51M optical microscopy. Surface roughness of seven points was measured by using a surface roughness tester at a cut-off length of 1.8 mm and the measurement traces were perpendicular to the grinding direction. Sub-surface micro-hardness was measured by using HVS-1000 digital micro-hardness tester after the cross-section surface was polished. The residual stress was tested by using X-350A X-ray stress analyzer.

Findings
When the cut depth is increased from 0.01 to 0.07 mm, the steel surface machined by the CBN wheel remains clear grinding mark, lower roughness, higher micro-hardness and higher magnitude of compressive stress and fine microstructure, while the surface machined by the SiC grinding wheel becomes worse with increasing of cut depth. The value of micro-hardness decreases, and the surface roughness increases, and the surface compressive stress turns into tensile stress. Some micro-cracks and voids occur when the sample is processed by the SiC grinding wheel with cut depth 0.07 mm.

Originality/value
In this paper, the specimens of quenched steel 1045 were machined by the CBN grinding wheel and the SiC wheel with various cutting depths. The processing quality resulted from the CBN grinding wheel is better than that resulted from the SiC grinding wheel.
Knowledge management strategy: an organizational change prospective
Authors: Imran Muhammad Kashif , Bilal Ahmad Raza , Aslam Usman , Rahman Ubaid-Ur- 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
The most critical phase of a change process is change implementation and it is evident that the masterfully originated change process fails due to its poor implementation. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to profile how knowledge management (KM) strategies, personalization and codification, are helpful in successful change implementation by reducing employee cynicism and increasing the level of readiness for change.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected from 196 executives of National Bank of Pakistan at Time 1 (pre-implementation) and Time 2 (post-implementation) with the temporal research design. Multiple regression analysis is used to test the direct effect; Preacher and Hayes (2004) test is applied to measure the mediating effect and guidelines of Aguinis (2004) are followed for analyzing the moderating effect.

Findings
The result of the direct effect shows that both KM strategies have significant positive effect on successful change implementation. Further, mediation analysis proves that readiness for change partially mediates between KM strategies and successful change implementation. In addition, partial interactive effects of employee cynicism is observed between readiness for change and successful change implementation.

Research limitations/implications
The management should initiate steps to boost personalization and codification strategies at their optimal levels. This would ultimately be helpful to implement a successful change through developing readiness for change and reducing the employee cynicism regarding change.

Originality/value
The area of successful change implementation in the context of KM strategies was untapped, and is examined in this study.
The greatest store west of Chicago: Meier & Frank, 1857-1932
Authors: Savitt Ronald 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper was to document the development of a major regional department store from the firm’s start to the completion of a single block structure including the warehouses required to support its operations.

Design/methodology/approach
The study is based on a survey of historic materials including the recently available archival materials in the Oregon Historical Society Research Library.

Findings
The study reveals the interaction of vision, planning and risk taking in a family enterprise over two generations. It illustrates the search for information as to what was required and the importance of architectural elements in the construction and operation of their store.

Research limitations/implications
The archival materials are extensive; however, over the years, much of the operating data were destroyed or lost. Although family members remain in Oregon, they are reluctant to discuss the store’s history, even though the matters that affected them took place many years after the study’s period.

Originality/value
Much of the information collected in the study had never been used in previous work.
Developing insights into contemporary con(pro)sumer culture based on classical ideas in social theory
Authors: Ritzer George 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to address the concern for prosumption, created by Alvin Toffler’s work, and its fusion with Marx’s ideas to create the view that the people now live in an era of prosumer (rather than producer or consumer) capitalism. As a social theorist, the author routinely studies the ideas of classical (and contemporary) theorists not only to understand their thinking, but also for ideas that he can use, and expand upon, to better understand contemporary society, especially the economy. The author has used the ideas of Max Weber on rationalization – to develop his thinking on McDonaldization, and his ideas on enchantment and disenchantment – in the development of the author’s thinking on the cathedrals of consumption. The latter can also be seen as means of production from the perspective of Karl Marx’s theories. Georg Simmel’s theorizing about money led the author to insights on credit cards, especially the greater temptation to imprudence associated with them in comparison to cash. More recent postmodern theory helped the author understand the mechanisms (e.g. simulations) by which the cathedrals of consumption have undergone a process of enchantment.

Design/methodology/approach
This is a work in historical theory and metatheory.

Findings
The careful review of classical (and contemporary) social theories could, when adapted, help us to better understand contemporary society, especially, in this case the economy.

Research limitations/implications
This is not a piece of research, but rather a theoretical exploration of contemporary prosumer culture based on classical ideas in social theory. It implies a radical change in the thinking about the modern economy.

Originality/value
This essay brings together some of the author’s ideas – and their classical roots – to offer an original perspective on the contemporary economy.
Challenging core cultural beliefs and maintaining the therapeutic alliance: a qualitative study
Authors: Yon Katherine , Malik Rabia , Mandin Philippe , Midgley Nick 
Published: February 2017

AbstractEngaging black and minority‐ethnic (BME) individuals in therapy and maintaining a positive therapeutic alliance can be a complex task, especially when challenging a family's core belief system. This study examines how therapists working within a specialist cultural service in London, UK were able to question a family's core cultural belief system whilst building and maintaining a strong therapeutic alliance. Video‐assisted semi‐structured interviews were carried out with two family members and their two therapists, and analysed using thematic analysis. The findings suggest that core beliefs can be effectively challenged within the context of a strong therapeutic alliance if topics are approached in a sensitive and respectful manner, by trusted therapists who have a degree of knowledge and awareness of their own cultural positioning, as well as an understanding of their clients’ culture. We propose that engaging with culture in this way can strengthen alliance and facilitate positive change.Practitioner points

Core cultural belief systems can be effectively challenged by therapists within the context of a positive therapeutic alliance
Topics need to be approached sensitively with a degree of authenticity, curiosity and respect
Respectfully challenging core beliefs while being aware of one's own cultural construction and positioning, can strengthen the therapeutic alliance and promote positive change
Fixed time interval compared with on‐demand oral analgesia protocols for post‐caesarean pain: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Yefet E , Taha H , Salim R , Hasanein J , Carmeli Y , Schwartz N , Nachum Z 
Published: February 2017

ObjectivesTo compare the efficacy, safety and satisfaction from two modes of oral analgesia administration for the treatment of post‐caesarean pain in the first 48 h following surgery: on‐demand versus fixed time interval administration.DesignOpen label parallel‐group, randomised‐controlled trial from February to December 2013.SettingUniversity‐affiliated hospital in Israel.PopulationTwo‐hundred women who underwent caesarean delivery with regional anaesthesia.MethodsPatients were randomly assigned to receive predetermined combinations of tramadol, paracetamol and diclofenac either following patient demand or at predetermined 6‐h intervals for the first 48 h. If the patient requested additional analgesia, Percocet (oxycodone and paracetamol) was given as a rescue treatment.Main outcome measuresPain intensity and satisfaction were self‐evaluated with visual analogue scale of 0 (no pain/least satisfaction) to 10 (worst pain/highest satisfaction). Breastfeeding, need for supplemental formula, and maternal and neonatal adverse effects were also evaluated.ResultsThe ‘fixed time interval’ group, compared with the ‘on‐demand’ group, had lower mean pain score (2.8 ± 0.84 versus 4.1 ± 0.48, respectively; P < 0.0001), higher satisfaction rate (9.1 ± 1.2 versus 8.3 ± 1.5, respectively; P < 0.0001), more breastfeeds (23.7 ± 6.5 versus 19.2 ± 6.2, respectively; P < 0.0001) and less use of supplemental formulas (8.2 ± 5.2 versus 11.9 ± 6.5, respectively; P < 0.0001). The number of times that drugs were given was slightly higher in the ‘fixed time interval’ group without an increase in maternal adverse effects, which were mild. No adverse effects were reported for the neonates.ConclusionAdministration of oral analgesia in fixed time intervals is superior to drug administration following patient demand without increasing maternal or neonatal adverse outcomes.Tweetable abstractOral analgesia in fixed time intervals is superior to analgesia following demand.
Compressed Baker's Yeast: Mapping Patents on Post‐Fermentation Processes
Authors: Gélinas Pierre 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn the baking industry, fresh yeast is generally available as a compressed paste containing about 70% moisture. While much literature has been published on its growth conditions in fermentation tanks, little information may be obtained on the final steps of baker's yeast production. In this review, 226 patents were found on the separation of yeast cells from spent growth media as well as its dewatering, forming, and packaging in the compressed form. The latter corresponded to 21% of 1096 unique families of patented inventions filed worldwide between 1787 and 2014 on the production of fresh baker's yeast. Patent specifications disclosed key technical information not available in scientific journals. Particularly between 1890 and 1960, highly specific equipment such as centrifugal separators, rotary vacuum filters, and extruding and cutting units were proposed. Compressed yeast may contain small amounts of processing aids, including water‐absorbing agents such as starch and salt, as well as plasticizing and whitening agents. Any variation in yeast solids and moisture contents will affect its gassing power and keeping properties. Disposal and proper treatment of very large volumes of spent growth media will remain a major challenge to the baker's yeast industry.
The effects of food price changes on smallholder production and consumption decision‐making: evidence from Bangladesh
Authors: Molitor Katharina , Braun Boris , Pritchard Bill 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThere is still no consensus in academic debate about the impacts of food price changes on smallholder farmers' food and nutrition security. This paper aims to show how food price changes affect food and nutrition security of smallholder households in the Rajshahi district in north‐western Bangladesh. To better understand smallholders' adaptive capacity with respect to uncertainties regarding food price changes, it is crucial to look more closely at the decision‐making processes of smallholder households in their dual role as producers and consumers of food (prosumers). Smallholder farmers report in focus group discussions that they diversify their cropping practices to be more resilient against food price uncertainties. However, this strategy can be only successful if they are able to invest in inputs. Farmers face several constraints when seeking to make use of opportunities to sell diverse crops given their dependence on different types of local and regional buyers of food commodities. Furthermore, it becomes obvious that an increase in food prices does not automatically relate to an increase in farm‐gate prices.
Rosemary Extract‐Mediated Lifespan Extension and Attenuated Oxidative Damage in Drosophila melanogaster Fed on High‐Fat Diet
Authors: Wang Hua‐li , Sun Zhen‐ou , Rehman Rizwan‐ur , Wang Hong , Wang Yi‐fei , Wang Hao 
Published: February 2017

AbstractRosemary extract has a potent antioxidant activity and is widely used in the food industry. In this study, the lifespan prolonging and antioxidant activity of rosemary extract was evaluated by high‐fat‐induced oxidative damage in Drosophila melanogaster. The results revealed that the lifespan and climbing ability of fruit flies was enhanced significantly by feeding rosemary extract. Furthermore, feeding with rosemary extract significantly increased the enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and significantly decreased the level of malonaldehyde. The gene expression of SOD, CAT, and nuclear factor erythroid‐2 related factor 2 was enhanced and that for methuselah was significantly reduced. The comet assay showed that high‐fat diet‐induced DNA lesion was significantly reduced in larvae treated with the rosemary extract. Our results suggest that feeding with rosemary extract is effective to the extended lifespan in fruit flies by strengthening of the resistance to high‐fat‐induced oxidative stress and by stimulating, at least in part, the endogenous antioxidant response.
Activating transcription factor 3 promotes malignance of lung cancer cells in vitro
Authors: Li Xuebing , Zhou Xuexia , Li Yongwen , Zu Lingling , Pan Hongli , Liu Boning , Shen Wang , Fan Yaguang , Zhou Qinghua 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundLung cancer remains the most common cause of cancer‐related death, with high rates of recurrence and poor outcomes. An abnormally high expression of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) in various cancers suggests an oncogenic role; however, its function in lung cancer is largely unknown.MethodsSixty‐four pairs of lung cancer tissues were collected for ATF3 expression analysis by quantitative real‐time PCR, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry staining. Correlations between ATF3 expression with clinicopathological features and overall survival were analyzed. ATF3 expression in a panel of lung cancer cell lines together with normal bronchial epithelial Beas‐2B cells was also determined. Human H1299 and A549 cells were used for ATF3 knockdown and/or overexpression assays. Alterations in cell proliferation, cell cycle attribution, migration, and invasion were all assessed in vitro.ResultsIncreased ATF3 messenger RNA and protein expression were observed in lung cancer tissues/cells compared with normal tissues/cells. High tumorous ATF3 expression was significantly correlated with positive advanced tumor grade, lymph node metastasis, and shorter overall survival. Experimentally, we found that RNA interference mediated knockdown of ATF3 significantly inhibited the cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, migration, and invasion capacities of lung cancer cells in vitro, whereas forced expression of ATF3 did the opposite.ConclusionUpregulation of ATF3 in lung cancer promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and may represent a novel therapeutic target for lung cancer.
A new genus of gall midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) inducing leaf galls onRubus(Rosaceae)
Authors: Kolesik Peter , Hall Casey R , Kitching Roger L , Adair Robin J 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAn undescribed species of gall midge causing hairy spheroidal leaf galls onRubus nebulosusandRubus moorei(Rosaceae) in subtropical Australia was investigated in a study on the dynamics of parasitoids of gall‐inducing insects. Here, the gall midge is described and namedPsephodiplosis rubiKolesik, sp. nov. in a new genusPsephodiplosisKolesik, gen. nov. (supertribe Cecidomyiidi) erected to contain it. The new species is the first described gall midge that induces galls on Rosaceae in Australia. Similar galls have been found previously onRubus moluccanusin Indonesia and onRubus alceifoliusin Thailand, so it is possible that the geographical range ofPsephodiplosis rubiincludes not only Australia, but also countries of South East Asia.
Efficacy of smartphone applications in high‐risk pigmented lesions
Authors: Ngoo Alexander , Finnane Anna , McMeniman Erin , Tan Jean‐Marie , Janda Monika , Soyer H Peter 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesMelanoma apps are smartphone applications that assess risk of pigmented lesions using a smartphone camera and underlying algorithm. We aimed to assess the capability of melanoma smartphone applications (apps) in making clinical decisions about risk, compared with lesion assessment by specialist trained dermatologists.MethodsA prospective study of 3 melanoma apps was conducted between 2015 and 2016, recruiting 30 patients with 57 pigmented lesions. Risk categories assigned by the apps were compared with the clinical decisions of two consultant dermatologists classifying lesions as ‘suspicious’ or ‘benign’.ResultsOf the 42 lesions deemed clinically suspicious to a dermatologist, from 9 to 26 were classified as suspicious by the apps; of the 15 clinically benign lesions 3 to 15 were correctly classified as benign by the apps. The apps’ sensitivity and specificity ranged from 21 to 72% and 27 to 100.0%, respectively, when compared with the specialists’ decisions. Two apps were unable to analyse 14 and 18% of lesions submitted, respectively. Interrater agreement between dermatologists and apps was poor (κ = −0.01 SE = 0.16; P = 0.97) to slight (κ = 0.16 SE = 0.09; P = 0.12).ConclusionsNone of the melanoma apps tested had high enough agreement with the dermatologist's clinical opinion to be considered to provide additional benefit to patients in assessing their skin for high‐risk pigmented lesions. The low sensitivity in detecting lesions that are suspicious to a trained specialist may mean false reassurance is being given to patients. Development of highly sensitive and specific melanoma apps remains a work in progress.
Re‐presentations and recurrent events following initial management of the acute paediatric scrotum: a 5‐year review
Authors: Lala Shareena , Price Neil , Upadhyay Vipul 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundPrevious reviews report relatively low rates of post‐operative complications for acute scrotal exploration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the re‐presentation to hospital in boys with previous acute scrotal pathology, reviewing contralateral symptoms, post‐operative complications, testicular torsion following fixation and failure of conservative management of testicular appendage (TA) torsion.MethodsAll boys under 16 years presenting to our unit with an acute scrotum from January 2008 to December 2012 (5‐year period) were identified. A retrospective review of clinical records was performed.ResultsA total of 683 boys presented over this 5‐year period, with an overall re‐presentation rate of 10%. Seventeen (25%) re‐presentations were metachronous. Post‐operative complication rate was 2.2%. Testicular torsion rate following orchiopexy was 0.3% (1/292). Thirty‐three percent of those managed conservatively for TA torsion returned with ongoing pain; 80% underwent scrotal exploration on return. Eight boys returned following excision of a torted TA with contralateral torted TA confirmed, accounting for 2.6% (8/308) of boys with a torted TA at first presentation. This gives a number‐needed‐to‐treat of 39 for bilateral scrotal exploration and prophylactic excision of contralateral non‐torted TA, to prevent one boy from returning to hospital with a metachronous presentation.ConclusionFurther prolonged follow‐up is needed to adequately assess recurrence rates of testicular torsion following orchiopexy to validate routine orchiopexy. Post‐operative complication rates equal that of the return rate for a contralateral torted TA; this needs to be considered in proceeding to bilateral scrotal exploration on finding a torted TA at initial presentation.