bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Living with uncertainty and hope: A qualitative study exploring parents’ experiences of living with childhood multiple sclerosis
Authors: Hinton Denise , Kirk Susan 
Published: August 2016

Background There is growing recognition that multiple sclerosis is a possible, albeit uncommon, diagnosis in childhood. However, very little is known about the experiences of families living with childhood multiple sclerosis and this is the first study to explore this in depth. Objective Our objective was to explore the experiences of parents of children with multiple sclerosis. Methods Qualitative in-depth interviews with 31 parents using a grounded theory approach were conducted. Parents were sampled and recruited via health service and voluntary sector organisations in the United Kingdom. Results Parents’ accounts of life with childhood multiple sclerosis were dominated by feelings of uncertainty associated with four sources; diagnostic uncertainty, daily uncertainty, interaction uncertainty and future uncertainty. Parents attempted to manage these uncertainties using specific strategies, which could in turn create further uncertainties about their child’s illness. However, over time, ongoing uncertainty appeared to give parents hope for their child’s future with multiple sclerosis. Conclusion Illness-related uncertainties appear to play a role in generating hope among parents of a child with multiple sclerosis. However, this may lead parents to avoid sources of information and support that threatens their fragile optimism. Professionals need to be sensitive to the role hope plays in supporting parental coping with childhood multiple sclerosis.
Zu Häufigkeit und Determinanten rechtlicher Betreuung – Eine vergleichende Analyse von Daten aus Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz
Authors: Estermann Josef , Fuchs Walter 
Published: August 2016

Zusammenfassung:
Die rechtliche Betreuung psychisch erkrankter oder kognitiv behinderter Menschen war in den letzten Jahren in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz Gegenstand umfassender Revisionen, welche die damit verbundenen Diskriminierungen lindern und die Autonomie der betroffenen Personen stärken sollen. Gleichzeitig stieg in allen drei Ländern die Zahl der rechtlichen Betreuungen stark an. Wir untersuchen die Gründe für diese Entwicklung und quantifizieren für einen transnationalen Querschnittsdatensatz, in dem wir österreichische und schweizerische Statistiken vereinigt haben, mittels multivariater Regressionsmodelle den Einfluss sozioökonomischer und demographischer Faktoren. Obwohl die Mobilisierung des Betreuungsrechts bis zu einem gewissen Grad auf solche Faktoren zurückführbar ist, lässt sich die große und kleinräumig verortete Variabilität der Daten nur durch massive lokale und regionale Unterschiede in der Rechtskultur erklären.
Peter Heinrich Böger, 1935–2015
Authors: Lichtenthaler Hartmut K. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractOn October 22, 2015, Professor Peter Heinrich Böger, an excellent and internationally highly regarded plant scientist, died in Constance, Germany, at the age of 80 years. He was a broadly oriented researcher of photosynthetic processes, with emphasis on the mode of action of herbicides in chloroplasts and on the biodiversity of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. He was a very active, much committed person, who advanced not only plant science research, but also scientific communication, international cooperation and the promotion of young scientists. His scientific career, his manifold activities as editor and board member, and his merits and honors are described in this tribute.
Sintered Carbon Nanomaterials: Structural Change and Adsorption Properties
Authors: Strokova Natalia , Savilov Serguei , Xia Hui , Aldoshin Serguei , Lunin Valery 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Porous powdered carbon nanomaterials [carbon nanotubes (CNT) and carbon nanoshells (CNS)] were compacted using spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and SEM images demonstrate the structural change: the increase of density and thickness of nanoshells stack, formation of interparticle bonds between nanotubes. Surface properties of original and sintered materials were studied by liquid nitrogen sorption and compared to the characteristics for real vapors sorption. The data collected for water, ethanol, acetonitrile and benzene show both physical adsorption and chemisorption. The mean pore diameter distribution calculated from nitrogen adsorption by density functional theory (DFT) approach shows the reduction of total pore volume in CNS pellet while for CNT pellet total pore volume does not differ dramatically from those for non-compacted samples. The isosteric heats of sorption for all chosed vapors were calculated.
Integração soja e pastagem: Uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Viana J. S. , Barbosa J. G. , Silva J. A. , Brito T. R. C. , Badji C. A. 
Published: August 2016

<p>A necessidade do aumento de produção de alimentos de forma sustentável se faz cada vez mais presente. Neste aspecto, a soja (<em>Glycine max </em>(L.) Merrill) e a carne bovina são a base da alimentação mundial por serem fontes ricas em óleo e proteínas. No entanto, o cultivo convencional de soja e as pastagens extensivas não atende esses aspectos, principalmente quando relacionado à minimização dos impactos sobre o meio ambiente. A integração lavoura – pecuária é uma solução viável para esta problemática, pois apresenta resultados positivos para produção de grãos de soja e para as pastagens, por meio do aumento da qualidade do solo, ciclagem de nutrientes, conservação da umidade, preparo único do solo, controle de plantas daninhas, interrompendo ciclos de insetos e doenças. Objetivou-se com esse trabalho apresentar a importância da soja para sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuária. </p><p align="center"><strong><em>Integrating soybean and pasture: A literature review</em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>The needs for increasing the production of food in a sustainable way are more and more present nowadays. Regarding this, soybean (<em>Glycine max</em> (L.) Merrill) and beef are the basis of global feed, because they are rich sources of protein and oil. However, the conventional growing of soy and the extensive pasturing do not meet these aspects, particularly when related to the minimization of their impacts on the environment. The integrated crop-livestock is a viable solution for such problem once it shows positive results for both the production of soybeans and pastures, by increasing soil quality, nutrient cycling, dampness conservation, single soil preparation, weed control, by interrupting insect cycles and diseases. Objective of this paper was to present the importance of soybeans for crop-livestock systems.<strong></strong></p>
Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Knockdown Impairs Interleukin‐1β‐Induced Cytokines in Human Periodontal Fibroblasts
Authors: Gabriele Lilian Gobbo , Morandini Ana Carolina , Dionísio Thiago José , Santos Carlos Ferreira 
Published: August 2016

Background: The renin‐angiotensin (Ang) system (RAS) has been reported as an important modulator of inflammatory and immune responses. Evidence suggests an alternative Ang 1‐7/Mas receptor axis as counter‐regulatory to the classic RAS Ang II/Ang II Type 1 (AT1) receptor axis. It is known that periodontal pathogens elicit host‐derived immune response due to release of cytokines such as interleukin (IL)‐1β, and fibroblasts are among the most numerous sentinel cells that contribute to this production. The aim of this study is to determine whether AT1 receptor (AT1R) contributes to production of inflammatory cytokines that are important for periodontal pathogenesis using primary human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPLFs) stimulated with IL‐1β.Methods: Through RNA interference or pharmacologic inhibition using AT1R antagonist losartan, HGF and HPLF were stimulated by IL‐1β for 3 (messenger RNA [mRNA]) or 24 (protein) hours.Results: IL‐1β upregulated mRNA expression of AT1R, IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha, and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in HGF and HPLF. AT1R knockdown impaired IL‐1β‐induced IL‐6 and IL‐8 secretion in cultured HGF and HPLF. AT1R silencing also increased OPG gene expression in HGF only. Pharmacologic inhibition of AT1R through losartan modulated mRNA transcription of IL‐6 and IL‐8 in HPLF but not in HGF. In contrast, IL‐1β‐induced secretion of IL‐6 and IL‐8 was not influenced by losartan in HGF or HPLF.Conclusion: These results suggest that AT1R knockdown and AT1R pharmacologic blockade by losartan may differently control balance of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL‐6 and IL‐8, in primary human periodontal fibroblasts.
A Formação do Sistema Previdenciário Brasileiro: 90 anos de História
Authors: Da Silva Lara Lúcia , Da Costa Thiago De Melo Teixeira 
Published: August 2016

O trabalho objetivou traçar a evolução da Previdência Social brasileira nos 90 anos de história, para identificar obstáculos e entraves em seu percurso para a efetivação dos direitos sociais e entender quais fatores contribuíram para a formação da atual situação financeira. Optou por dividir os 90 anos que marcam o cenário previdenciário em cinco momentos distintos, conforme suas peculiaridades, baseando-se em estudos como os de Malloy (1979), Oliveira e Teixeira (1989), Vianna (1998) e Santos (2009), em que foram analisadas as questões financeiras e políticas e a influência dos modelos da administração pública na formação das políticas previdenciárias. Percebeu-se que as políticas previdenciárias têm se caracterizado por um papel pouco redistributivo, baixa legitimidade democrática das coalizões dos trabalhadores, falta de uma autonomia burocrática e profissionalização das classes sociais e a pequena capacidade de mobilização, dificultando a condução de políticas previdenciárias voltadas para atender as necessidades de bem estar social da população.
Urinary Biomarkers at the Time of AKI Diagnosis as Predictors of Progression of AKI among Patients with Acute Cardiorenal Syndrome
Authors: Chen Chunbo , Yang Xiaobing , Lei Ying , Zha Yan , Liu Huafeng , Ma Changsheng , Tian Jianwei , Chen Pingyan , Yang Tiecheng , Hou Fan Fan 
Published: August 2016

Background and objectives
A major challenge in early treatment of acute cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is the lack of predictors for progression of AKI. We aim to investigate the utility of urinary angiotensinogen and other renal injury biomarkers in predicting AKI progression in CRS.

Design, settings, participants, & measurements
In this prospective, multicenter study, we screened 732 adults who admitted for acute decompensated heart failure from September 2011 to December 2014, and evaluated whether renal injury biomarkers measured at time of AKI diagnosis can predict worsening of AKI. In 213 patients who developed Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes stage 1 or 2 AKI, six renal injury biomarkers, including urinary angiotensinogen (uAGT), urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL), plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, urinary IL-18 (uIL-18), urinary kidney injury molecule-1, and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, were measured at time of AKI diagnosis. The primary outcome was AKI progression defined by worsening of AKI stage (50 patients). The secondary outcome was AKI progression with subsequent death (18 patients).

Results
After multivariable adjustment, the highest tertile of three urinary biomarkers remained associated with AKI progression compared with the lowest tertile: uAGT (odds ratio [OR], 10.8; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 3.4 to 34.7), uNGAL (OR, 4.7; 95% CI, 1.7 to 13.4), and uIL-18 (OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.4 to 9.5). uAGT was the best predictor for both primary and secondary outcomes with area under the receiver operating curve of 0.78 and 0.85. These three biomarkers improved risk reclassification compared with the clinical model alone, with uAGT performing the best (category-free net reclassification improvement for primary and secondary outcomes of 0.76 [95% CI, 0.46 to 1.06] and 0.93 [95% CI, 0.50 to 1.36]; P<0.001). Excellent performance of uAGT was further confirmed with bootstrap internal validation.

Conclusions
uAGT, uNGAL, and uIL-18 measured at time of AKI diagnosis improved risk stratification and identified CRS patients at highest risk of adverse outcomes.
Biomechanical characterization of the periodontal ligament: Orthodontic tooth movement
Authors: Uhlir Richard , Mayo Virginia , Lin Pei Hua , Chen Si , Lee Yan-Ting , Hershey Garland , Lin Feng-Chang , Ko Ching-Chang 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: To quantify the biomechanical properties of the bovine periodontal ligament (PDL) in postmortem sections and to apply these properties to study orthodontic tooth intrusion using finite element analysis (FEA). We hypothesized that PDL's property inherited heterogeneous (anatomical dependency) and nonlinear stress-strain behavior that could aid FEA to delineate force vectors with various rectangular archwires.
Materials and Methods: A dynamic mechanical analyzer was used to quantify the stress-strain behavior of bovine PDL. Uniaxial tension tests using three force levels (0.5, 1, and 3 N) and samples from two anatomical locations (circumferential and longitudinal) were performed to calculate modulus. The Mooney-Rivlin hyperelastic (MRH) model was applied to the experimental data and used in an FEA of orthodontic intrusion rebounded via a 0.45-mm step bend with three archwire configurations of two materials (stainless steel and TMA).
Results: Force levels and anatomical location were statistically significant in their effects on modulus (P &lt; .05). The apical part had a greater stiffness than did the middle part. The MRH model was found to approximate the experimental data well (r = 0.99), and it demonstrated a reasonable stress-strain outcome within the PDL and bone for FEA intrusion simulation. The force acting on the tooth increased five times from the 0.016 × 0.022-inch TMA to the 0.019 × 0.025-inch stainless steel.
Conclusions: The PDL is a nonhomogeneous tissue in which the modulus changed in relation to location. PDL nonlinear constitutive model estimated quantitative force vectors for the first time to compare intrusive tooth movement in 3-D space in response to various rectangular archwires.
Pediatric intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: age-related differences in clinical features, angioarchitecture, and treatment outcomes
Authors: Hetts Steven W. , Moftakhar Parham , Maluste Neil , Fullerton Heather J. , Cooke Daniel L. , Amans Matthew R. , Dowd Christopher F. , Higashida Randall T. , Halbach Van V. 
Published: August 2016

OBJECTIVE
Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are rare in children. This study sought to better characterize DAVF presentation, angioarchitecture, and treatment outcomes.

METHODS
Children with intracranial DAVFs between 1986 and 2013 were retrospectively identified from the neurointerventional database at the authors' institution. Demographics, clinical presentation, lesion angioarchitecture, treatment approaches, angiographic outcomes, and clinical outcomes were assessed.

RESULTS
DAVFs constituted 5.7% (22/423) of pediatric intracranial arteriovenous shunting lesions. Twelve boys and 10 girls presented between 1 day and 18 years of age; boys presented at a median of 1.3 years and girls presented at a median of 4.9 years. Four of 8 patients ≤ 1 year of age presented with congestive heart failure compared with 0/14 patients > 1 year of age (p = 0.01). Five of 8 patients ≤ 1 year old presented with respiratory distress compared with 0/14 patients > 1 year old (p = 0.0021). Ten of 14 patients > 1 year old presented with focal neurological deficits compared with 0/8 patients ≤ 1 year old (p = 0.0017). At initial angiography, 16 patients harbored a single intracranial DAVF and 6 patients had 2–6 DAVFs. Eight patients (38%) experienced DAVF obliteration by the end of treatment. Good clinical outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 0–2) was documented in 77% of patients > 1 year old at presentation compared with 57% of patients ≤ 1 year old at presentation. Six patients (27%) died.

CONCLUSIONS
Young children with DAVFs presented predominantly with cardiopulmonary symptoms, while older children presented with focal neurological deficits. Compared with other pediatric vascular shunts, DAVFs had lower rates of angiographic obliteration and poorer clinical outcomes.
Toward a comprehensive assessment of functional outcomes in pediatric patients with brain arteriovenous malformations: the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory
Authors: Abecassis Isaac Josh , Nerva John D. , Barber Jason , Rockhill Jason , Ellenbogen Richard G. , Kim Louis J. , Sekhar Laligam N. 
Published: August 2016

OBJECTIVE
Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) are rare in pediatric patients but represent the most common cause of hemorrhagic stroke in this population. Pediatric patients demonstrate superior outcomes in comparison with adult patients with similar lesions and presentations. Most studies of clinical outcomes of pediatric bAVMs use the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), despite a lack of validation in pediatric patients.

METHODS
The authors interviewed the parents of 26 pediatric patients who underwent multimodality bAVM treatment and administered the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL)—a well-validated tool for pediatric outcomes that quantifies performance in a physical, emotional, social, and school domains. They also reviewed clinical information from the patients' medical charts. Statistical analysis was performed using a log-transformed t-test, the Mann-Whitney exact test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and Spearman correlation. In addition, the literature was reviewed for prior reports of clinical outcome of pediatric cases of bAVM.

RESULTS
The average PedsQL health-related quality of life score was 71 ± 24, with an average age at diagnosis of 12.5 years and an average follow-up period of 6.8 years. Seventeen patients (65%) presented with hemorrhage and 4 (15%) with seizures. PedsQL scores correlated strongly and at a statistically significant level (p < 0.001) with mRS, Pediatric Overall Performance Category (POPC), Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category (PCPC), and Glasgow Outcome Scale scores. Multivariate modeling validated special education, corrective devices, and cure status as significant predictors of PedsQL scores. Statistically significant risk factors for undergoing placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt included lower Glasgow Coma Scale motor scores on admission (p = 0.042), cerebellar location (p = 0.046), and nidus volume (p = 0.017). Neither treatment modality nor location statistically affected clinical outcomes at follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS
There have been few studies of long-term clinical outcomes of bAVM in pediatric patients, and previously published studies have used conventional metrics that have been validated in the adult population, such as the mRS. Although these metrics can serve as reasonable surrogates, an accurate understanding of overall health-related quality of life is contingent on utilizing validated toolsets, such as the PedsQL.
Influence of plant resistance traits in selectiveness and species strength in a tropical plant‐herbivore network
Authors: López‐Carretero Antonio , Boege Karina , Díaz‐Castelazo Cecilia , Domínguez Zaira , Rico‐Gray Víctor 
Published: August 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Plant–herbivore networks are highly specialized in their interactions, yet they are highly variable with regard to the relative importance of specific host species for herbivores. How host species traits determine specialization and species strength in this antagonistic network is still an unanswered question that we addressed in this study.METHODS:We assessed plant cover and antiherbivore resistance traits to assess the extent to which they accounted for the variation in specialization and strength of interactions among species in a plant–herbivore network. We studied a tropical antagonistic network including a diverse herbivore–host plant assemblages in different habitat types and climatic seasons, including host plants with different life histories.KEY RESULTS:Particular combinations of leaf toughness, trichome density, and phenolic compounds influenced herbivore specialization and host species strength, but with a significant spatiotemporal variation among plant life histories. Conversely, plant–herbivore network parameters were not influenced by plant cover.CONCLUSIONS:Our study highlights the importance of species‐specific resistance traits of plants to understand the ecological and evolutionary consequences of plant–herbivore interaction networks. The novelty of our research lies in the use of a trait‐based approach to understand the variation observed in diverse plant–herbivore networks.
Penser le conflit professionnel
Authors: Young Christopher 
Published: August 2016

Suite à une révision du code pénal suisse, plusieurs prisons suisses ont créé une unité thérapeutique sécurisée, entraînant une arrivée importante de personnel soignant psychiatrique. Fondé sur des données ethnographiques, l'article met en évidence et analyse le discours critique envers la thérapie tenu par des surveillants. Si ce discours comprend des éléments empruntés aux représentations sociétales dominantes, il convient également, pour le cerner, de tenir compte des interactions locales dans lesquelles il prend corps. L'analyse montre que les surveillants tentent de maintenir l'ordre symbolique local et que l'appel à la « sécurité » leur sert de ressource discursive pour s'opposer au capital symbolique du personnel psychiatrique.
The Essential Role of Neutrophils during Infection with the Intracellular Bacterial Pathogen Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Witter Alexandra R. , Okunnu Busola M. , Berg Rance E. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Neutrophils have historically been characterized as first responder cells vital to host survival because of their ability to contain and eliminate bacterial and fungal pathogens. However, recent studies have shown that neutrophils participate in both protective and detrimental responses to a diverse array of inflammatory and infectious diseases. Although the contribution of neutrophils to extracellular infections has been investigated for decades, their specific role during intracellular bacterial infections has only recently been appreciated. During infection with the Gram-positive intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes, neutrophils are recruited from the bone marrow to sites of infection where they use novel bacterial-sensing pathways leading to phagocytosis and production of bactericidal factors. This review summarizes the requirement of neutrophils during L. monocytogenes infection by examining both neutrophil trafficking and function during primary and secondary infection.
The Search Conference as a Method in Planning Community Health Promotion Actions
Authors: Magnus Eva , Knudtsen Margunn Skjei , Wist Guri , Weiss Daniel , Lillefjell Monica 
Published: August 2016

Aims The aim of this article is to describe and discuss how the search conference can be used as a method for planning health promotion actions in local communities. Design and methods The article draws on experiences with using the method for an innovative project in health promotion in three Norwegian municipalities. The method is described both in general and how it was specifically adopted for the project. Results and conclusions The search conference as a method was used to develop evidence-based health promotion action plans. With its use of both bottom-up and top-down approaches, this method is a relevant strategy for involving a community in the planning stages of health promotion actions in line with political expectations of participation, ownership, and evidence-based initiatives.