bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potensi Dampak Kebijakan Harga dalam Mendorong Penerapan Teknologi Anjuran dan Peningkatan Produksi Kedelai
Authors: Kariyasa I Ketut 
Published: July 2017

<p><strong>English</strong></p><p>Soybean is one of the major food commodities in Indonesia and its demand increases both as direct consumption and for food industries. However, up to now domestic soybean production is only able to meet domestic demand of about 30 − 40%. To increase domestic production and reduce imported soybean, Indonesian government has issued soybean price policy. Research results in Banten, West Nusa Tenggara, and Central Java Provinces showed that soybean price policy of Rp7,600/kg − Rp7,700/kg was not able to encourage farmers to manage their soybean farming intensively and to grow soybean instead of other food crops (corn, green beans, peanuts). Thus, additional potential soybean production is estimated only 4.23%. Therefore, the government needs to review and readjust the level of current soybean price policy to encourage farmers to grow and manage their soybean farming intensively. Efforts to incr ease soybean production should not only be done through single price policy alone, but it should also be coupled with other policy instruments, such as the provision of good seed and site specific technology, infrastructure, and market acessibility improvement. </p><p> </p><p><strong>Indonesia</strong></p><p>Kedelai merupakan salah satu komoditas pangan utama di Indonesia dan permintaan terhadap komoditas initerus meningkat baik untuk dikonsumsi langsung maupun untuk industri pangan. Produksi kedelai dalam negeri baru mampu memenuhi permintaan tersebut antara 30−40%. Dalam upaya meningkatkan produksi kedelai dalam negeri dan mengurangi jumlah impor, pemerintah telah mengeluarkan kebijakan Harga Beli Petani (HBP). Hasil kajian di Provinsi Banten, NTB, dan Jateng dengan menggunakan analisis keuntungan kompetitif dan melibatkan 180 petani contoh menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan HBP sebesar Rp7.600/kg–Rp7.700/kg belum mampu mendorong petani untuk mengelola usaha tani kedelainya secara intensif dan menggantikan lahan komoditas pangan lainnya dengan tanaman kedelai, sehingga potensi tambahan produksi kedelai diperkirakan hanya sebesar 4,23%. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah perlu meninjau dan menyesuaikan kembali besaran HBP kedelai yang berlaku sekarang untuk mendorong petani mau menanam kedelai. Upaya peningkatan produksi kedelai sebaiknya tidak hanya dilakukan melalui kebijakan tunggal HBP saja, tapi dibarengi juga dengan beberapa instrumen kebijakan lainnya, seperti penyediaan benih bermutu dan teknologi spesifik lokasi, perbaikan infrastruktur, dan akses pasar.</p>
Dari Konferensi Cancun, Mexico (2003) - ke Pertemuan Stocktaking WTO (2010): Perjuangan Panjang Negosiasi Pertanian Negara Berkembang
Authors: Lokollo Erna Maria 
Published: July 2017

Salah satu perundingan WTO yang paling bergejolak, penuh muatan politis dan sangat alot dalam mencapai kesepakatan adalah perundingan pertanian. Persetujuan ini mencakup perundingan di 3 pilar utama, yaitu: akses pasar, subsidi domestik, dan persaingan ekspor. Setelah terjadi kegagalan mencapai kesepakatan pada KTM V di Cancun, Mexico, pada tahun 2003; maka pada sidang Dewan Umum WTO tahun 2004 berhasil disepakati apa yang disebut sebagai Paket Juli. Pada KTM VI di Hongkong, tahun 2005, tidak terjadi titik temu, bahkan perundingan Putaran Doha <strong><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">terhenti</span></em></strong> sama sekali karena <strong><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">tidak tercapai</span></em></strong> kesepakatan antara negara-negara anggota WTO. Pada tahun 2009, KTM ke VII diadakan di Jenewa, Swiss. Pada pertemuan ini anggota sepakat tidak merundingkan isu Putaran Doha, tetapi membahas upaya memperkuat sistem perdagangan multilateral WTO dalam menghadapi tantangan lingkungan global saat ini. Namun demikian sinyal yang ditangkap dari pertemuan-pertemuan sampingan beberapa kelompok adalah bahwa Putaran Doha harus segera diselesaikan pada akhir tahun 2010. Oleh karenanya diperlukan upaya dan kemauan politik semua negara anggota untuk mewujudkannya. Pertemuan terkini yaitu pertemuan <em>stocktaking</em> tingkat pejabat tinggi diadakan pada 22-26 Maret 2010. Beberapa <em>pending issues</em> pada draft teks modalitas pertanian (draft text ke- 4) dibahas kembali dan diupayakan konvergensi, namun belum tercapai kesepakatan diantara negara-negara anggota. Indonesia sebagai koordinator kelompok G-33 memiliki posisi yang strategis dalam pemperjuangkan kepentingan pertaniannya. Dukungan domestik dari masyarakat Indonesia termasuk dari Kementerian teknis lainnya selain Kementerian Perdagangan dan Kementerian Pertanian, juga dari LSM/NGO, DPR/MPR, dan Institusi lainnya sangat diperlukan, agar dapat memperjuangkan kepentingan petani dan masyarakat pedesaan menghadapi era globalisasi.
Rekonstruksi Kelembagaan dan Uji Teknologi Pemupukan: Kebijakan Strategis mengatasi Kelangkaan Pupuk
Authors: Darwis Valeriana , Saptana Saptana 
Published: July 2017

<p>Padi merupakan bahan pangan pokok bagi penduduk Indonesiadan produktivitasnya ditentukan antara lain oleh tingkat pemakaian pupuk. Meskipun kebijakan pupuk sudah banyak dilaksanakan terutama dalam aspek pengadaan, penyaluran dan harga eceran tertinggi (HET); tetapi kelangkaan pupuk masih sering terjadi. Kajian tentang penyebab kelangkaan pupuk dari sisi pengadaan dan distribusi telah banyak dilakukan, namun penyebab kelangkaan dari sisi pengguna belum mendapat perhatian. Salah satu penyebab kelangkaan ini adalah pemakaian pupuk di tingkat petani yang melebihi dosis anjuran. Sementara itu pemerintah telah mengeluarkan beberapa teknologi penentuan dosis pupuk tepat guna spesifik lokasi yaitu dengan cara mempergunakan Bagan Warna Daun (BWD), Perangkat Uji Tanah Sawah (PUTS) dan Pengelolaan Tanaman Terpadu (PTT). Agar bisa mengubah perilaku petani dalam pemakaian pupuk menjadi efisien dan efektif sekaligus mencegah terjadinya kelangkaan pupuk, maka dibutuhkan suatu kebijakan holistik dan terpadu antar berbagai <em>stakeholders</em> yang tercakup. Rekontruksi kebijakan tersebut diharapkan dapat mendorong rasionalisasi dan efektivitas penggunaan pupuk oleh petani, sehingga diharapkan dapat mengurangi penggunaan pupuk dan meningkatkan produktivitas pertanian. </p>
Impacts and Future Perspectives of Fertilizer Policy in Indonesia
Authors: Rachman Benny , Sudaryanto Tahlim 
Published: July 2017

<p>The implementation of fertilizer subsidy policies have been applied comprehensively starting from the planning stage to fertilizer distribution system, including setting the highest retail price and the amount of subsidy. However, the policy has not been able to ensure adequate availability of fertilizers at the farm level. Planning on the amount of fertilizer demand is not fully accurate and supervision has not optimally implemented causing the distribution of subsidized fertilizer below the target. It is reported that farmers who manage less than 0.5 hectares of land received only 40 percent of the total subsidy and most farmers (90%) purchase subsidized fertilizer at prices higher than the highest retail prices. To overcome this problem, the government plan to change the distribution mechanism of subsidy from indirect subsidy to direct subsidy to farmers/ farmer groups. The expected impacts of that policy are: (1) farmers obtain direct benefits from fertilizer subsidies, (2) avoid disparity between the prices of subsidized and non-subsidized fertilizers at the market, (3) reduce the possibility of scarcity of subsidized fertilizer supply, (4) improve cultural practices, especially in crops fertilizing, (5) increase the efficiency of using government subsidies, and (6) increase farmers income and welfare.</p>
Kaji Ulang Konsep Neraca Gula Nasional: Konsep Badan Ketahanan Pangan vs Dewan Gula Indonesia
Authors: Supriyati NFN 
Published: July 2017

Gula merupakan salah satu komoditas pangan strategis dalam perekonomian Indonesia. Kebijakan pergulaan tidak hanya ditentukan oleh pertimbangan aspek-aspek ekonomi tetapi juga aspek-aspek politik. Selain dikonsumsi secara langsung oleh masyarakat, gula juga digunakan sebagai bahan baku industri pengolahan makanan dan minuman. Salah satu alat untuk mengetahui keseimbangan pasokan/pengadaan dan penggunaan/ permintaan gula adalah neraca bahan makanan (NBM). Tercatat ada dua Neraca Gula Nasional yang disusun dua instansi, yaitu Badan Ketahanan Pangan (BKP)/Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) dan Dewan Gula Indonesia (DGI), namun unsur-unsur penyusun dan besaran angkanya berbeda. Berdasarkan latar belakang dan permasalahan ini, maka tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah mengkaji ulang konsep kedua neraca gula nasional tersebut. Hasil kaji ulang menunjukkan bahwa: (1) kedua neraca menggunakan definisi, dan sumber data berbeda; (2) konsep Neraca Gula dari BKP/BPS mengacu pada konsep NBM dari FAO, dengan beberapa saran perbaikan yaitu: (a) produksi adalah produksi gula ex tebu, yang berarti benar-benar mencerminkan kemampuan produksi gula dalam negeri; (b) impor sebaiknya dibedakan atas raw sugar (PG Putih dan PG Rafinasi), GKP (konsumsi langsung) dan GKR (untuk industri mamin); (3) neraca Gula DGI, dengan saran perbaikan sebagai berikut: (a) produksi yang dimasukkan adalah produksi ex tebu; (b) impor harus dibedakan atas impor raw sugar (PG Putih dan PG Rafinasi), GKP (konsumsi langsung) dan GKR (untuk industri mamin); (c) dalam penyusunan neraca harus mempertimbangkan pemakaian untuk industri non pangan dan tercecer; (4) neraca Gula nasional harus mengacu pada satu konsep yang sama yaitu konsep FAO, agar tidak membingungkan pengguna. Konsekuensinya, BKP dan DGI perlu menggunakan definisi unsur- unsur neraca yang sama.
Analisis Kelembagaan Rantai Pasok Telur Ayam Ras Peternakan Rakyat di Jawa Barat
Authors: Sejati Wahyuning K. 
Published: July 2017

Dalam konteks pengembangan pasar komoditas dan peningkatan kesejahteraan peternak rakyat perlu dipahami secara baik karakteristik dan kelembagaan petani, pemasok, dan pasar. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kelembagaan rantai pasok peternak-pemasok-pasar komoditas telur ayam ras yang meliputi: (1) identifikasi kelembagaan peternakan rakyat ayam ras petelur; (2) analisis kelembagaan rantai pasok komoditas telur; dan (3) antisipasi kelembagaan introduksi rantai pasok telur ayam ras peternakan rakyat. Cakupan kajian mempertimbangkan pola pengusahaan di tingkat peternakan rakyat, ragam agen rantai pasok, ragam pasar konvensional, ragam pasar modern, dan ragam konsumen lembaga. Analisis kelembagaan rantai pasok terhadap kedua jenis pasar yang dikaji dan dampak terhadap usaha peternakan difokuskan pada usahaternak rakyat yang dinilai strategis untuk dibina, dikembangkan, dan ditingkatkan kesejahteraannya. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pemasaran telur cenderung mengikuti mekanisme pasar. Faktor-faktor yang dinilai berpengaruh dan berdampak negatif pada kelembagaan peternakan rakyat berkaitan dengan pemasaran telur yaitu kurangnya akses ke pasar modern maupun konsumen lembaga, dan harga telur yang cenderung sangat fluktuatif akibat kurangnya informasi pasar. Pengembangan kelembagaan rantai pasok telur ayam ras membutuhkan fasilitasi kebijakan yang konsisten, bisa diperkirakan, transparan, jaminan keamanan usaha, kelancaran distribusi dan mobilitas barang antar daerah.
Dampak Kebijakan Pemerintahan DKI di Bidang Perunggasan terhadap Ketersediaan Ayam di DKI Jakarta
Authors: Daryanto Arief , Saptana NFN 
Published: July 2017

Kebijakan Pemerintah Daerah DKI Jakarta yang dituangkan melalui Peraturan Daerah Provinsi DKI Jakarta Nomor 4 Tahun 2007, tanggal 24 April 2007 tentang Pengendalian Pemeliharaan dan Peredaran Unggas diperkirakan akan memiliki dampak yang bersifat positif maupun negatif bagi pelaku bisnis ayam ras pedaging (broiler). Tulisan ini ditujukan untuk melihat dampak kebijakan Pemda DKI Jakarta terhadap ketersediaan ayam di wilayah DKI Jakarta. Dampak Perda No. 4 Tahun 2007 yang diimplementasikan pada Januari 2010 antara lain adalah menurunnya jumlah pasokan ayam dari daerah pemasok ke pusat-pusat pasar di Wilayah DKI Jakarta, dari 804,44 ribu ekor menjadi hanya sekitar 604,44 ribu ekor atau turun sebesar 200 ribu ekor per hari. Fenomena kelangkaan daging ayam dan lonjak harga di pasar-pasar wilayah DKI Jakarta tersebut baik pada periode sebelum maupun sesudah Perda DKI bersifat temporal terutama pada hari-hari besar keagamaan, terutama menjelang puasa dan Hari Raya Idul Fitri. Peraturan daerah ini telah menjadi pemicu kelangkaan dan lonjak harga yang lebih tinggi. Beberapa strategi dalam menjamin ketersediaan daging ayam di wilayah DKI Jakarta dapat dilakukan dengan menjaga keseimbangan antara pasokan dan permintaan di wilayah DKI Jakarta, meningkatkan kelancaran arus distribusi dari daerah pemasok utama ke pusat-pusat pasar di wilayah DKI-Jakarta, dan upaya stabilisasi harga daging ayam ras pedaging (broiler).
Metabolic screening and metabolomics analysis in the Intellectual Developmental Disorders Mexico Study
Authors: Ibarra-González Isabel , Rodríguez-Valentín Rocío , Lazcano-Ponce Eduardo , Vela-Amieva Marcela 
Published: July 2017

Objective. Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) are genetic conditions that are sometimes associated with intellectual developmental disorders (IDD). The aim of this study is to contribute to the metabolic characterization of IDD of unknown etiology in Mexico. Materials and methods. Metabolic screening using tandem mass spectrometry and fluorometry will be performed to rule out IEM. In addition,target metabolomic analysis will be done to characterize the metabolomic profile of patients with IDD. Conclusion. Identification of new metabolomic profiles associated withIDD of unknown etiology and comorbidities will contribute to the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic schemes for the prevention and treatment of IDD in Mexico.
Optionality Approach to Dynamic Capability in Upstream Petroleum Business Model
Authors: Nwankwo Chinonso 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The dynamic format of the upstream oil and gas organizations, their resources, petroleum assets and market has created a huge gap and uncertainty in the entire upstream business ecosystem; resulting in challenges, opportunities and threats. These opportunities and threats exist both in the internal and external upstream business environment. Much focus by the upstream firms on strategic resource management and internal performance have made them to neglect uncertainty in the external environment causing them to build undiversified capabilities that cannot match strategic investment options in this modern era of crude oil price volatility, gas/energy options and heavy oil demand. The concept of dynamic capabilities has been utilized in various degrees by upstream and high tech firms to respond to a dynamic business environment by sensing, seizing and capturing opportunities and transforming resources. This article extends the dimension of this concept to include shorten time between sensing opportunities and transforming resources which entails optionality. In as much as many scholars have elaborated on the functions of dynamic capabilities, they have channeled little or no focus on strategic options and time to gain entrant to this options as a form of dynamic capabilities. This article therefore describes how upstream firms through optionality and strategic fit can capture valuable investment options with ease and in time, diversify and transform resources with agile flexibility and align both together; thereby enabling time value, evolutional fitness, organizational balance and environmental stability.
Water Diagnostic Analysis: The Gains of Integration
Authors: Sukubo Ibianga , Iyowu Olakunle , Balogun Olalekan , Jude-Ofia Ifeyinwa , Onunekwu Clarence 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Only recently, an integrated approach to water diagnostic analysis was shared based on a mature field application; the insight from which has been very useful in the Monro field (one of SPDC fields in the Niger Delta region) and handy for a successful low-cost oil generation and wells, reservoir & facilities management (WRFM) opportunity identification.
The Monro field performance was reviewed and initial assessment showed 9 out of 13 conduits were closed-in (representing ca. 65%) due to high basic sediment & water (HBSW) in most cases. Hence, wells & reservoir review (WRR) for the four producing reservoirs in the field was carried out using the integrated approach to water diagnostic analysis in order to ascertain the mechanism of water production in the wells and propose fit-for-purpose solutions to unlock their potentials.
The scope begins with the reservoir stratigraphic cross-section showing flow zones and/or facies distribution based on log motifs or cores (if available). The initial petrophysical properties (e.g. Swi, k, etc.) are then mapped on the stratigraphic section against each flow zone and their respective relative permeability functions generated accordingly to determine the propensity for water production in the delineated flow units. Water oil ratio (WOR) and its first order derivative (WOR') plots are generated from over 20 years of wells historical production data (including bean sequencing & well re-entry) and interpreted based on the subsurface understanding of the reservoir. The interpretation was then spot-checked using available reservoir production monitoring (RPM) log result.
Following the subsurface understanding from the integrated interpretation of the water diagnostic plots, a total of ca. 2200 bopd was realised as low-cost oil generation from 2 wells and a total potential of ca. 4200 bopd (risked at 50% watercut) from water shut-off opportunities from 3 wells; reducing the closed-in well count to 4 – representing over 30% improvement.
This paper presents the practical gains of integrated water diagnostic analysis using Chan type plot. The outcome shows among others that (a) multidisciplinary integration and alignment delivers significant value in opportunity identification and (b) Excellent cross-functional collaboration results in a quick delivery of the identified opportunities.
Coupled Use of Saturation Logging and Water-Flow Log in a Stratified Deltaic Reservoir Leading to Successful Additional Perforation
Authors: Fabbri C. , Imeokparia O. , Odeniyi A. , Ibekwe K. , Udoh D. , Lanisa A. , Fashanu M. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In the Amenam-Kpono field, the main reservoir (R4) is characterized by vertically stacked deltaic sand bodies that are laterally extensive but with intercalated shale layers. Pressure maintenance is by both water and gas injection. Gas injectors are located on the crest of the anticlinal structure in order to re-inject the gas in the gas cap, while water injectors are located at the edge, injecting treated sea water into the aquifer. The R4 reservoir is divided into four disconnected hydrocarbon bearing flow units. The field has 35 development wells and more than 13 years of production (1st oil in July 2003).
Due to the layered nature of this reservoir, saturation logging is carried out regularly in order to check the contacts evolution at the well, even within the same flow-unit. Indeed, one of the main concerns since the start of water injection in R4 is understanding the communication between injectors and producers, which might lead to water cut increase and loss in productivity. This paper describes the measurements performed on an Amenam-Kpono well to evaluate a 20m additional perforation in flow-unit#1 (FU1). Two different measurements were carried out: saturation logging (oil saturation in the formation) and water flow log (measuring the water velocity around the tool). Integration of both results enabled the selective design of 20m additional perforation, leading to an oil incremental gain of 5800 bopd.
Fast Calibration of Agbami Intelligent Oil Production Network using Structured Computer Assisted Workflow
Authors: Okpani Olu , Momoh Victor 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Agbami field is a deep-water field located offshore Nigeria. The oil production system is a complex intelligent production network that consists of 22 subsea production wells (19 wells are dual zone completion while 3 wells are single zone completion), 8 subsea manifolds, 8 infield subsea flowlines and 8 subsea flowlines/risers. A production network model for Agbami production network was built in GAP production modeling tool. The model consists of 41 inflow elements, 177 pipe elements, 68 chokes and 200 nodes with real-time pressure/temperature (P/T) measurements. Due to the large number of elements and P/T nodes in the model, it was very daunting to calibrate the model by unstructured manual tuning of the model calibration parameters. In fact, it takes several days to manually calibrate the whole production network. A structured computer assisted calibration workflow was developed to aid in fast calibration of the Agbami production model.
The structured approach to the Agbami production network model calibration used in this work is to first break down the model into 8 independent riser subsystems. Each riser subsystem is then further broken down into segments. The segments are zones, wells, infield flowlines, and flowlines/risers; with each segment having several elements and P/T nodes. Each segment of the model is independently calibrated using the latest production test data corresponding to that segment. A computer guided wizard was developed to sequentially match the P/T at different nodes of the segment using the Secant root-finding algorithm1. The calibrated segments are then coupled together into riser subsystems and each riser subsystem is then calibrated to the latest riser tests by manual adjustment of few parameters. The riser subsystems are further calibrated to the current conditions. The use of the structured computer assisted workflow has resulted in the faster model calibration time of within a day.
Managing Operational Well Integrity – Stock Level Determination of Well Components
Authors: Ihe Chimdike , Taylor Ian , Nwankwo Cosmas , Olanrewaju Oladipo , Akporuno Mamoke 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
A well provides the conduit through which hydrocarbons flow from the reservoir to the production facility. It is also a containment barrier once hydrocarbons are released from the reservoir. NORSOK D-010 and OGUK standards stress that ‘installation, removal, testing and monitoring of barriers during all operations’ is key for managing well integrity.
Operators are often challenged with both minimising costs and upholding the highest standards of integrity management as they extract value from the wells. They are required to have a documented basis justifying a lower test frequency or accept test frequencies recommended by regulators. They are also challenged with keeping the right stock level of wellhead items for timely repairs or replacement. Addressing both is vital towards minimising deferments, maintenance and inventory costs.
This study presents a data-driven philosophy for well integrity management and repair strategy based on the well integrity measures of a major UK operator. It examines failure and repair data of 500+ wells in the North Sea. The data was sourced from a Well Integrity Management System (WIMS) database, processed, analysed and used to develop a statistical stocking model.
The Severity Frequency (SF) concept was developed and introduced as a basis for failure trend comparison among well types and well components. Well integrity test intervals, expected annual failures and limiting levels of valve spares were evaluated using this parameter. The analysis showed a link between failure drivers and frequencies to well type and flow conditions. This should be the basis upon which well integrity is managed and appropriate stock levels determined.
A comparison of the Stocking levels derived from this exercise shows a realism when compared with the frequency of actual changes/replacements done on the wellhead. It is believed that this approach can improve the management of well integrity quantitatively, minimise costs and deferments associated with overstocking wellhead items and high mean time to repair.