bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electron‐density delocalization in many‐electron atoms confined by penetrable walls: A Hartree–Fock study
Authors: Rodriguez‐Bautista Mariano , Vargas Rubicelia , Aquino Norberto , Garza Jorge 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe electronic structure of several many‐electron atoms, confined within a penetrable spherical box, was studied using the Hartree–Fock (HF) method, coupling the Roothaan's approach with a new basis set to solve the corresponding one‐electron equations. The resulting HF wave‐function was employed to evaluate the Shannon entropy,
, in configuration space. Confinements imposed by impenetrable walls induce decrements on
when the confinement radius, Rc, is reduced and the electron‐density is localized. For confinements commanded by penetrable walls,
exhibits an entirely different behavior, because when an atom starts to be confined,
delivers values less than those observed for the free system, in the same way that the results presented by impenetrable walls. However, from a confinement radius,
shows increments, and precisely in these regions, the spatial restrictions spread to the electron density. Thus, from results presented in this work, the Shannon entropy can be used as a tool to measure the electron density delocalization for many‐electron atoms, as the hydrogen atom confined in similar conditions.
Establishing a National Police Emergency Response Center: How Urgency Led to Delay
Authors: Tom Christensen , Lægreid Per , Rykkja Lise H. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis article describes and analyzes the decision‐making process related to the establishment of Norway's National Police Emergency Response Center (NPERC). Following the July 22, 2011 terrorist attacks, Norway's Inquiry Commission recommended the establishment of a NPERC at one physical site. The goal was to enhance governance capacity and contribute to crisis mitigation, prevention, preparedness, and operational crisis management. Although the main actors claimed that such a center was urgently needed, it took several years for the government to reach a final decision. The main puzzle is, why did it take so long? To answer this question, we use a structural‐instrumental perspective and a garbage‐can approach, while also focusing on the issues of shifting attention and agenda‐setting. We conclude that the decision‐making process was marked by a lack of rational calculation but also influenced by external shocks, focusing events, and windows of opportunities. This led to changing expectations, shifts in attention and opportunities for new agenda‐setting. Hence, the choices made throughout the decision‐making process can be seen as the linkage of a specific policy stream, a political stream, and a problem stream. Our main conclusion is that the sense of urgency created by the terrorist attacks led to a delay in the decision‐making process.
Master‐slave synchronization for coupled neural networks with Markovian switching topologies and stochastic perturbation
Authors: Zhou Jun , Cai Tingting , Zhou Wuneng , Tong Dongbing 
Published: December 2017

SummaryIn this paper, the master‐slave synchronization for coupled neural networks with Markovian jumping topology and stochastic perturbation is discussed. Based on a graph theory, the ergodic property of the Markovian chain, and the strong law of the large numbers for local martingales, several sufficient conditions are established to ensure the almost sure exponential synchronization or asymptotic synchronization in mean square for coupled neural networks with Markovian jumping topology. By the pinning control method, the chaotic synchronization between the master system and the slave systems with stochastic disturbance is achieved. The effectiveness of the results is finally illustrated by a numerical example.
Students as researchers: What and why seventh‐grade students choose to write when investigating their own research question
Authors: Bjørkvold Tuva , Blikstad‐Balas Marte 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAll scientists depend on both reading and writing to do their scientific work. It is of paramount importance to ensure that students have a relevant repertoire of practices they can employ when facing scientific content inside and outside the school context. The present study reports on students in seventh grade acting as researchers. Over an 8‐week collaborative research period, students posed their own research question, attempted to answer it by systematically testing hypotheses, discussing findings, presenting their conclusions, and documenting their process in a written report. Drawing on the perspectives of New Literacy Studies—which sees literacy as socially situated—we analyze the purpose of all the 21 participating students’ texts (n = 344). Video observations and interviews with students are used to contextualize the writing events. We find that the students chose to write multiple kinds of texts for a variety of purposes. Analyzing purpose and the context, three stages of socialization into scientific writing is revealed, ranging from what the students write on their own initiative, via texts written through challenges to demanding research tasks scaffolded through writing instructions given by the teacher. Further, the students emphasized the relevance of both the research experience and the writing to their future adult life.
Dancing with the stars: Benefits of a star employee’s temporary absence for organizational performance
Authors: Chen John S. , Garg Pranav 
Published: December 2017

Research Summary: While research has focused primarily on stars as individual contributors, we examine organizational situations where stars must work closely with non‐stars. We argue that, in such situations, building teamwork around a star is an exercise in learning under complexity. In response, organizations prioritize interactions involving the star to simplify learning. This simplification, however, creates organizational myopia. We claim that a star’s temporary absence helps the organization overcome myopia by triggering a search for new routines. When he returns, the organization may combine these new routines with pre‐absence routines to improve teamwork and performance. We exploit injuries to star players in the National Basketball Association as an exogenous shock and find that on average, teams perform better after a star’s return than before his absence.
Managerial Summary: This study examines the effect of the temporary absence of a star employee on organizational performance. We find evidence that a star employee’s temporary absence helps the organization overcome an over‐reliance on the star and improve teamwork. Improved teamwork, in turn, enables the organization to perform better upon the star’s return than it did prior to his absence. This result suggests that organizations might want to revisit the tendency to view stars as too valuable to lose, even for a short time. In particular, organizations may want to pull stars from ongoing projects and encourage them to attend professional development programs. A star’s temporary absence and return from such a program improves not only the star’s skills but also the organization’s teamwork.
The courage to choose! Primogeniture and leadership succession in family firms
Authors: Calabrò Andrea , Minichilli Alessandro , Amore Mario Daniele , Brogi Marina 
Published: December 2017

Research Summary: Building on a unique data set with information on the nuclear structure of entrepreneurial families, we integrate leadership succession into a socioemotional wealth (SEW) logic to test the antecedents and consequences of primogeniture vis‐à‐vis second‐ or subsequent‐born selection in family firm succession. Our findings suggest that appointing a family firstborn sibling is more likely when there is a high degree of SEW endowment and the family firm has pre‐succession performance below aspiration levels. Next, we find that appointing a second‐ or subsequent‐born sibling has a positive and significant effect on post‐succession firm profitability, particularly when the firm is in its second generation or later.
Managerial Summary: What drives succession choices in family firms? What are the performance implications of each succession choice? These are questions of vital relevance for every business owner. Focusing on the pool of potential family heirs at the time of succession, our study adds to the debate on the drivers of succession choices by suggesting that having a family intensive governance structure fosters primogeniture as the main succession logic, even when the family firm is experiencing lower profitability. Our study informs business owners on the implications of different succession policies, suggesting that family firms that have the courage to disregard primogeniture and choose more wisely the family successor are also the ones experiencing higher post‐succession performance.
Chiral Plasmonic Hydrogen Sensors
Authors: Matuschek Marcus , Singh Dhruv Pratap , Jeong Hyeon‐Ho , Nesterov Maxim , Weiss Thomas , Fischer Peer , Neubrech Frank , Liu Na 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this article, a chiral plasmonic hydrogen‐sensing platform using palladium‐based nanohelices is demonstrated. Such 3D chiral nanostructures fabricated by nanoglancing angle deposition exhibit strong circular dichroism both experimentally and theoretically. The chiroptical properties of the palladium nanohelices are altered upon hydrogen uptake and sensitively depend on the hydrogen concentration. Such properties are well suited for remote and spark‐free hydrogen sensing in the flammable range. Hysteresis is reduced, when an increasing amount of gold is utilized in the palladium‐gold hybrid helices. As a result, the linearity of the circular dichroism in response to hydrogen is significantly improved. The chiral plasmonic sensor scheme is of potential interest for hydrogen‐sensing applications, where good linearity and high sensitivity are required.
Perceived control of anxiety as a moderator in the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and problematic alcohol use among adolescents
Authors: Kearns Nathan T. , Villarreal Deyaun , Cloutier Renee M. , Baxley Catherine , Carey Caitlyn , Blumenthal Heidemarie 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTThe current study examined perceived control over anxiety as a moderator in the relationship between AS and (1) alcohol use frequency and (2) binge drinking frequency among 80 community‐recruited adolescents (Mage = 15.40; 40% female). Eighty‐five percent of adolescents reported consuming an alcohol beverage, while 39.5% reported binge drinking. Results indicated significant interactions between AS and perceived control. More specifically, when perceived control was low, higher anxiety sensitivity was related to increased frequency of alcohol use days, but not with binge drinking days. Alternatively, when perceived control over anxiety was high, elevated anxiety sensitivity was associated with a decreased in binge drinking days, but not with alcohol use days. Findings suggest that influence of perceived control over anxiety may be another important, malleable factor that should be considered in future etiological and intervention‐oriented work targeting anxiety sensitivity and alcohol misuse among adolescence.
Towards certification of computational fluid dynamics as numerical experiments for rotorcraft applications
Authors: Smith M.J. , Jacobson K.E. , Afman J.-P. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTVirtual Engineering (VE), also known as Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE), is necessary in both current operational engineering qualifications and to help reduce the costs of future vertical lift design and analysis. As computational power continues to provide increasing capability to the rotorcraft engineering community to perform simulations in both real time and off line, it is imperative that the community develop verification and validation protocols and processes to certify these methods so that they can be reliably used to help reduce engineering cost and schedule. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has become a major Computational Science and Engineering (CSE) tool in the fixed wing and vertical lift communities, but it has not been developed to the point where it is accepted as a replacement for testing in certification of new or existing systems or vehicles. Since the rise of modern CFD in the 1980s, the promise of CFD’s capabilities has been met or exceeded, but its role in certification arguably remains less prominent than projected. The ability to implement transformative technologies further drives the need for CFD in design. To meet CFD’s role in certification, several goals must be met to provide a true “numerical experiment” from which accuracies (error estimates), sensitivities, and consistent application results can be extracted. This paper discusses the progress and direction towards developing CFD strategies for certification.
TILTING CHAINS OF NEGATIVE CURVES ON RATIONAL SURFACES
Authors: HILLE LUTZ , PLOOG DAVID 
Published: December 2017

We introduce the notion of exact tilting objects, which are partial tilting objects
$T$
inducing an equivalence between the abelian category generated by
$T$
and the category of modules over the endomorphism algebra of
$T$
. Given a chain of sufficiently negative rational curves on a rational surface, we construct an exceptional sequence whose universal extension is an exact tilting object. For a chain of
$(-2)$
-curves, we obtain an equivalence with modules over a well-known algebra.
Attention bias modification augments cognitive–behavioral group therapy for social anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lazarov Amit , Marom Sofi , Yahalom Naomi , Pine Daniel S. , Hermesh Haggai , Bar-Haim Yair 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundCognitive–behavioral group therapy (CBGT) is a first-line treatment for social anxiety disorder (SAD). However, since many patients remain symptomatic post-treatment, there is a need for augmenting procedures. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) examined the potential augmentation effect of attention bias modification (ABM) for CBGT.MethodsFifty patients with SAD from three therapy groups were randomized to receive an 18-week standard CBGT with either ABM designed to shift attention away from threat (CBGT + ABM), or a placebo protocol not designed to modify threat-related attention (CBGT + placebo). Therapy groups took place in a large mental health center. Clinician and self-report measures of social anxiety and depression were acquired pre-treatment, post-treatment, and at 3-month follow-up. Attention bias was assessed at pre- and post-treatment.ResultsPatients randomized to the CBGT + ABM group, relative to those randomized to the CBGT + placebo group, showed greater reductions in clinician-rated SAD symptoms post-treatment, with effects maintained at 3-month follow-up. Group differences were not evident for self-report or attention-bias measures, with similar reductions in both groups. Finally, reduction in attention bias did not mediate the association between group and reduction in Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale Structured Interview (LSAS) scores.ConclusionsThis is the first RCT to examine the possible augmenting effect of ABM added to group-based cognitive–behavioral therapy for adult SAD. Training patients’ attention away from threat might augment the treatment response to standard CBGT in SAD, a possibility that could be further evaluated in large-scale RCTs.
Spirituality and religious coping are related to cancer-bereaved siblings’ long-term grief
Authors: Lövgren Malin , Sveen Josefin , Steineck Gunnar , Wallin Alexandra Eilegård , Eilertsen Mary-Elizabeth B. , Kreicbergs Ulrika 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveMany bereaved siblings have still not come to terms with their grief many years after the loss, but few studies have focused on what can help. The aims of this study were to identify cancer-bereaved adolescents’ and young adults’ ways of coping with grief after loss of a sibling, and examine whether these ways of coping were related to their experience of having worked through their grief.MethodThis nationwide survey of 174 cancer-bereaved siblings (73% participation rate) is based on one open-ended question about coping with grief (“What has helped you to cope with your grief after your sibling's death?”) and one closed-ended question about siblings’ long-term grief (“Do you think you have worked through your grief over your sibling's death?”). The open-ended question was analyzed with content analysis; descriptive statistics and Fisher's exact test were used to examine the relation between type of coping and siblings’ long-term grief.ResultThe siblings described four ways of coping: (1) thinking of their dead brother/sister and feeling and expressing their grief; (2) distracting or occupying themselves; (3) engaging in spiritual and religious beliefs/activities; and (4) waiting for time to pass. One of these categories of coping with grief, namely, engaging in spiritual and religious beliefs and activities, was associated with siblings’ experience of having worked through their grief two to nine years after the loss (p= 0.016).Significance of resultsThose siblings who had used spirituality, religious beliefs, and activities to cope were more likely to have worked through their grief than those who had not.
New spectro-photometric characterization of the substellar object HR 2562 B using SPHERE
Authors: Mesa D. , Baudino J.-L. , Charnay B. , D’Orazi V. , Desidera S. , Boccaletti A. , Gratton R. , Bonnefoy M. , Delorme P. , Langlois M. , Vigan A. , Zurlo A. , Maire A.-L. , Janson M. , Antichi J. , Baruffolo A. , Bruno P. , Cascone E. , Chauvin G. , Claudi R.U. , De Caprio V. , Fantinel D. , Farisato G. , Feldt M. , Giro E. , Hagelberg J. , Incorvaia S. , Lagadec E. , Lagrange A.-M. , Lazzoni C. , Lessio L. , Salasnich B. , Scuderi S. , Sissa E. , Turatto M. 
Published: December 2017

Aims.HR 2562 is an F5V star located at ~33 pc from the Sun hosting a substellar companion that was discovered using the Gemini planet imager (GPI) instrument. The main objective of the present paper is to provide an extensive characterization of the substellar companion, by deriving its fundamental properties.Methods.We observed HR 2562 with the near-infrared branch composed by the integral field spectrograph (IFS) and the infrared dual band spectrograph (IRDIS) of the spectro-polarimetric high-contrast exoplanet research (SPHERE) instrument at the very large telescope (VLT). During our observations IFS was operating in theY Jband, while IRDIS was observing with theHbroadband filter. The data were reduced with the dedicated SPHERE GTO pipeline, which is custom designed for this instrument. On the reduced images, we then applied the post-processing procedures that are specifically prepared to subtract the speckle noise.Results.The companion is clearly detected in both IRDIS and IFS datasets. We obtained photometry in three different spectral bands. The comparison with template spectra allowed us to derive a spectral type of T2–T3 for the companion. Using both evolutionary and atmospheric models we inferred the main physical parameters of the companion obtaining a mass of 32 ± 14MJup,Teff= 1100 ± 200 K, and logg= 4.75 ± 0.41.
Bringing Emergency Neurology to Ambulances: Mobile Stroke Unit
Authors: Bowry Ritvij , Grotta James 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIschemic stroke results from blocked arteries in the brain, with earlier thrombolysis with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and/or mechanical thrombectomy resulting in improved clinical outcomes. Mobile Stroke Unit (MSU) can speed up the treatment with tPA and facilitate faster triage for patients to hospitals for mechanical thrombectomy. The first registry-based MSU study in Germany demonstrated faster treatment times with tPA using a MSU, a higher proportion of patients being treated within the first “golden hour,” and a suggestion of improved 3-month clinical outcomes. The first multicenter, prospective, randomized clinical trial comparing MSU versus standard care was started in 2014 after the launch of the MSU in Houston, TX, demonstrating the feasibility and safety of MSU operation in the United States, and reliability of telemedicine to evaluate stroke patients for tPA eligibility. Although conclusive evidence from clinical trials to support MSUs as being cost effective and improving clinical outcomes is still needed, there are a myriad of other clinical and research applications of MSUs that could have profound implications for managing patients with neurological emergencies.
Imaging in Neurocritical Care Practice
Authors: Williamson Craig , Morgan Larry , Klein Joshua 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe use of neuroimaging in conjunction with serial neurological examinations is a core component of modern neurocritical care practice. Although there is a growing role for other neuromonitoring techniques, the ability to quickly and accurately interpret images in the context of a patient's clinical status arguably remains the indispensable skill for neurocritical care practitioners. Due to its rapid acquisition time and excellent ability to detect intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), cerebral edema, and signs of elevated intracranial pressure, computed tomography (CT) remains the most useful neuroimaging technique for intensive care unit (ICU) patients. An emergent head CT is obtained to inform most time-sensitive decisions that arise in the neurological ICU (NICU). CT features also figure prominently in prognostic scores for common NICU conditions such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), ICH, and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Among patients who are sufficiently stable to leave the ICU and lie flat for an extended period, magnetic resonance imaging provides much more detailed, high-contrast images which can aid in the detection of ischemia, diffuse axonal injury, and neuroprognostication. Though primarily used in neurocritical care research, nuclear medicine imaging techniques have some clinical applications, particularly in ancillary testing for brain death. Finally, as in the field of critical care as a whole, formal and point-of-care ultrasound studies are increasingly utilized in the NICU, and are an important tool in the neurointensivist's armamentarium. We review here the common applications of imaging in the neurocritical care setting. As ICU patients are frequently unstable and their risk of clinical decompensation increases substantially during transport away from the ICU, guidelines and recommendations for maximizing patient safety during transport to radiology studies are also explored.
Multimodality Monitoring: Toward Improved Outcomes
Authors: Gandee Richard , Miller Chad 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMultimodality monitoring provides insights into the critically ill brain-injured patient through the assessment of biochemical, physiological, and electrical data that provides insight into a patient's condition and what strategies may be available to limit further damage and improve the odds for recovery. Modalities utilized include evaluation of intracranial pressure along with cerebral perfusion pressure to determine adequate blood flow; continuous electroencephalography to protect the patient from seizures and to identify early functional manifestations of ischemia and toxicity; transcranial Doppler evaluation for bedside review of circulatory adequacy; tissue oxygen monitoring to establish that brain tissue is receiving adequate oxygen from blood flow; and microdialysis to evaluate the metabolic function of the tissue in areas of concern. These monitors provide insights regarding specific aspects of brain tissue and overall brain function in the critically ill patient. Although recommendations continue to evolve for therapeutic targets for each of these modalities, an effective clinician may use each of these modalities to evaluate patients on an individual basis to improve the outcome of each patient, tailoring management to provide the care needed for any unique clinical presentation.