bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical Geopolitics and the Framing of the Arab Spring Through Late‐Night Humor*
Authors: Purcell Darren , Heitmeier Brooks , Van Wyhe Chad 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveThe role of popular culture, particularly humor, is of increasing importance in critical geopolitics and international relations scholarship. This article examines how humor is used to frame the events described as the Arab Spring and U.S. government response.MethodsSifting through the jokes for references to places, events, and significant actors, the selected jokes were interpreted through critical discourse analysis to identify the themes invoked by the comedians.ResultsThe Arab Spring countries most mentioned were Libya, Egypt, and Syria. The majority of the jokes about these can best be understood through the lens of incongruity theory and the exploitation of extant caricatures of leaders. Additionally, the jokes reflected concerns over U.S. actions in the region and, simultaneously, U.S. leadership's seeming inability to craft a coherent plan to address the events.ConclusionsWe establish the link to humor and geopolitical imagination noting that the themes of American policy, American leadership, regional corruption, and caricatures of leaders composed many of the jokes, reflecting a particular worldview of the region as intractable.
Cohousing as Civic Society: Cohousing Involvement and Political Participation in the United States*
Authors: Berggren Heidi M. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveThe civic‐society literature argues that members of voluntary civic associations engage in community building and other activities that hone political skills and cultivate a sense of efficacy, which can lead to higher levels of participation in politics. This study situates cohousing in the civic‐society literature and asks whether cohousing as a form of civic association encourages participation in electoral politics.MethodsData from the U.S. National Cohousing Survey, Phase III were used in bivariate correlation, Jonckheere‐Terpstra, and chi‐square procedures to test the hypothesis that cohousing involvement facilitates political participation.ResultsThere were ordered increases in levels of the dependent variable, political activities index, for increasing levels of cohousing‐involvement variables. Chi‐square tests were significant for relationships between cohousing‐involvement variables and three dummy variables comprised of the activities included in political activities index—writing to Congress increased (since moving to cohousing), campaign contributions increased, and campaigning door‐to‐door increased.ConclusionsThe chi‐square results bolstered the evidence, on an aggregate level, in support of the hypothesis. Cohousing holds out promise as a means of revitalizing democratic citizenship.
Presidential Appointments and Policy Priorities*
Authors: Hollibaugh Gary E. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivePrevious studies of presidential appointments have consistently found that presidents place their most competent appointees into agencies responsible for policy issues high on their agendas. We examine here whether public opinion responds accordingly.MethodUsing a survey with an embedded experimental manipulation, we examine whether members of the public, when given the backgrounds of fictional presidential appointees, are able to infer the president's policy priorities based on the perceived competence of the appointees.ResultsResults suggest that perceived policy importance is positively associated with perceptions of competence, and negatively associated with perceptions of favoritism or patronage—characterized here as the nomination of campaign fundraisers. Moreover, these same factors are associated with increased levels of support for the president's policy positions in the policy areas for which the nominees are responsible.ConclusionsOur findings suggest presidential appointments can influence perceptions of—and support for—policy priorities.
Attitude Changes and Self‐Perceived Skill Gains from Collegiate Greek Organization Membership*
Authors: Routon P. Wesley , Walker Jay K. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesWe examine if membership in social collegiate Greek letter organizations (college fraternities and sororities) affects students' social, political, and economic views, as well as their perceptions on what skills they gained during college tenure.MethodsWe use a sample of over 103,000 American undergraduate college students from 463 institutions of higher education, who were interviewed both very near matriculation and graduation, and a propensity score matching framework.ResultsAmong our results, membership appears to alter opinions in favor of marijuana legalization, traditional gender roles in the household, casual sex, and the belief that racial discrimination is no longer a problem in the United States. Regarding self‐perceived skill change, members report relatively large premiums in leadership abilities and interpersonal skills.ConclusionsThough we do uncover evidence of several effects, overall, impact magnitudes are quite small, and there are many opinions and skills for which Greeks are indistinguishable from other college graduates.
Systematic Review of Traumatic Brain Injury and the Impact of Antioxidant Therapy on Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Shen Qiuhua , Hiebert John B. , Hartwell Julie , Thimmesch Amanda R. , Pierce Janet D. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is an acquired brain injury that occurs when there is sudden trauma that leads to brain damage. This acute complex event can happen when the head is violently or suddenly struck or an object pierces the skull or brain. The current principal treatment of TBI includes various pharmaceutical agents, hyperbaric oxygen, and hypothermia. There is evidence that secondary injury from a TBI is specifically related to oxidative stress. However, the clinical management of TBI often does not include antioxidants to reduce oxidative stress and prevent secondary injury.AimsThe purpose of this article is to examine current literature regarding the use of antioxidant therapies in treating TBI. This review evaluates the evidence of antioxidant therapy as an adjunctive treatment used to reduce the underlying mechanisms involved in secondary TBI injury.MethodsA systematic review of the literature published between January 2005 and September 2015 was conducted. Five databases were searched including CINAHL, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and Web of Science.FindingsCritical evaluation of the six studies that met inclusion criteria suggests that antioxidant therapies such as amino acids, vitamins C and E, progesterone, N‐acetylcysteine, and enzogenol may be safe and effective adjunctive therapies in adult patients with TBI. Although certain limitations were found, the overall trend of using antioxidant therapies to improve the clinical outcomes of TBI was positive.Linking Evidence to ActionBy incorporating antioxidant therapies into practice, clinicians can help attenuate the oxidative posttraumatic brain damage and optimize patients’ recovery.
DRIFT DEMANDS OF LOW-DUCTILE MOMENT RESISTANCE FRAMES (MRF) UNDER FAR FIELD EARTHQUAKE EXCITATIONS
Authors: Vafaei Mohammadreza , C. Alih Sophia , Abdul Rahman Qotrunnada 
Published: May 2016

Most of current Malaysian’s structures have not been designed with consideration of seismic excitation effect. Tremors that have been recorded locally due to active local faults and earthquake events in neighboring countries have raised the question about the level of safety of these structures. The effects of seismic excitation on the stability and fragility of the structures are now being concerned by most researchers and engineers in order to mitigate structural damage and societal losses. This study focuses on the seismic performance of Reinforced Concrete (RC) Moment Resistance Frames (MRF) in Malaysia which has been only designed to resist gravity and wind loads effects. An ordinary building layout with different number of stories (four, seven, and 10 stories) is selected in a way that can represent the potential of soft-story phenomenon in RC buildings in Malaysia. Such structures have limited lateral load capacity to withstand against strong ground motion. Nonlinear time history analysis is used to analyze the structures using seven different ground motions scaled to 0.05g, 0.1g and 0.15g to suit Malaysian condition. The outcomes of this study illustrate the vulnerability of the typical RC, MRF structures in Malaysia to soft-story phenomenon and clarify on the necessity of seismic retrofit for such structures.
Dyke emplacement in the Narmada rift zone and implications for the evolution of the Deccan Traps
Authors: Ju Wei , Hou Guiting , Hari K. R. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The Deccan Large Igneous Province of India is the product of fissure eruptions, and contains vast lava fields and dyke–sill networks. It is associated with several rift zones in peninsular India, which reflect pre-existing major weaknesses in the Indian lithosphere. In rift-zone eruptions, magma is normally transported to the surface through dykes. However, some injected dykes do not reach the surface but are arrested at depth in the rift zone due to mechanical heterogeneity and anisotropy, or insufficient magma pressure. In the present work, the effects of mechanical layering and regional tension on dyke emplacement in the Narmada rift zone are studied. The results indicate that the distribution of maximum principal tensile stresses was altered by mechanical layering and/or regional tension, which has led to variations in potential dyke propagation pathways. Studies on dyke evolution and emplacement in the Narmada rift zone indicate four evolutionary stages: stage I – arrival of a mantle plume and pre-volcanic extension; stage II – formation of shallow magma chambers; stage III – vertical dyke injection and fissure eruption; and stage IV – the ‘blanket effect’ and lateral dyke propagation.
A Framework for Block Placement, Migration, and Fast Searching in Tiled-DNUCA Architecture
Authors: Das Shirshendu , Kapoor Hemangee K. 
Published: May 2016

Multicore processors have proliferated several domains ranging from small-scale embedded systems to large data centers, making tiled CMPs (TCMPs) the essential next-generation scalable architecture. NUCA architectures help in managing the capacity and access time for such larger cache designs. It divides the last-level cache (LLC) into multiple banks connected through an on-chip network. Static NUCA (SNUCA) has a fixed address mapping policy, whereas dynamic NUCA (DNUCA) allows blocks to relocate nearer to the processing cores at runtime. To allow this, DNUCA divides the banks into multiple banksets and a block can be placed in any bank within a particular bankset. The entire bankset may need to be searched to access a block. Optimal bankset searching mechanisms are essential for getting the benefits from DNUCA.
This article proposes a DNUCA-based TCMP architecture called TLD-NUCA. It reduces the LLC access time of TCMP and also allows a heavily loaded bank to distribute its load among the underused banks. Instead of other DNUCA designs, TLD-NUCA considers larger banksets. Such relaxations result in more uniform load distribution than existing DNUCA-based TCMP (T-DNUCA). Considering larger banksets improves the utilization factor, but T-DNUCA cannot implement it because of its expensive searching mechanism. TLD-NUCA uses a centralized directory, called TLD, to search a block from all the banks. Also, the proposed block placement policy reduces the instances when the central TLD needs to be contacted. It does not require the expensive simultaneous search as needed by T-DNUCA. Better cache utilization and a reduction in LLC access time improve the miss rate as well as the average memory access time (AMAT). Improving the miss rate and AMAT results in improvements in cycles per instructions (CPI). Experimental analysis found that TLD-NUCA improves performance by 6.5% as compared to T-DNUCA. The improvement is 13% as compared to the SNUCA-based TCMP design.
HER2-Targeted Polyinosine/Polycytosine Therapy Inhibits Tumor Growth and Modulates the Tumor Immune Microenvironment
Authors: Zigler Maya , Shir Alexei , Joubran Salim , Sagalov Anna , Klein Shoshana , Edinger Nufar , Lau Jeffrey , Yu Shang-Fan , Mizraji Gabriel , Globerson Levin Anat , Sliwkowski Mark X. , Levitzki Alexander 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe development of targeted therapies that affect multiple signaling pathways and stimulate antitumor immunity is greatly needed. About 20% of patients with breast cancer overexpress HER2. Small molecules and antibodies targeting HER2 convey some survival benefits; however, patients with advanced disease succumb to the disease under these treatment regimens, possibly because HER2 is not completely necessary for the survival of the targeted cancer cells. In the present study, we show that a polyinosine/polycytosine (pIC) HER2-homing chemical vector induced the demise of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells, including trastuzumab-resistant cells. Targeting pIC to the tumor evoked a number of cell-killing mechanisms, as well as strong bystander effects. These bystander mechanisms included type I IFN induction, immune cell recruitment, and activation. The HER2-targeted pIC strongly inhibited the growth of HER2-overexpressing tumors in immunocompetent mice. The data presented here could open additional avenues in the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(8); 688–97. ©2016 AACR.
Eye Gaze Behavior at Turn Transition: How Aphasic Patients Process Speakers' Turns during Video Observation
Authors: Preisig Basil C. , Eggenberger Noëmi , Zito Giuseppe , Vanbellingen Tim , Schumacher Rahel , Hopfner Simone , Gutbrod Klemens , Nyffeler Thomas , Cazzoli Dario , Annoni Jean-Marie , Bohlhalter Stephan , Müri René M. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The human turn-taking system regulates the smooth and precise exchange of speaking turns during face-to-face interaction. Recent studies investigated the processing of ongoing turns during conversation by measuring the eye movements of noninvolved observers. The findings suggest that humans shift their gaze in anticipation to the next speaker before the start of the next turn. Moreover, there is evidence that the ability to timely detect turn transitions mainly relies on the lexico-syntactic content provided by the conversation. Consequently, patients with aphasia, who often experience deficits in both semantic and syntactic processing, might encounter difficulties to detect and timely shift their gaze at turn transitions. To test this assumption, we presented video vignettes of natural conversations to aphasic patients and healthy controls, while their eye movements were measured. The frequency and latency of event-related gaze shifts, with respect to the end of the current turn in the videos, were compared between the two groups. Our results suggest that, compared with healthy controls, aphasic patients have a reduced probability to shift their gaze at turn transitions but do not show significantly increased gaze shift latencies. In healthy controls, but not in aphasic patients, the probability to shift the gaze at turn transition was increased when the video content of the current turn had a higher lexico-syntactic complexity. Furthermore, the results from voxel-based lesion symptom mapping indicate that the association between lexico-syntactic complexity and gaze shift latency in aphasic patients is predicted by brain lesions located in the posterior branch of the left arcuate fasciculus. Higher lexico-syntactic processing demands seem to lead to a reduced gaze shift probability in aphasic patients. This finding may represent missed opportunities for patients to place their contributions during everyday conversation.
Voluntary Saccadic Eye Movements Ride the Attentional Rhythm
Authors: Hogendoorn Hinze 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Visual perception seems continuous, but recent evidence suggests that the underlying perceptual mechanisms are in fact periodic—particularly visual attention. Because visual attention is closely linked to the preparation of saccadic eye movements, the question arises how periodic attentional processes interact with the preparation and execution of voluntary saccades. In two experiments, human observers made voluntary saccades between two placeholders, monitoring each one for the presentation of a threshold-level target. Detection performance was evaluated as a function of latency with respect to saccade landing. The time course of detection performance revealed oscillations at around 4 Hz both before the saccade at the saccade origin and after the saccade at the saccade destination. Furthermore, oscillations before and after the saccade were in phase, meaning that the saccade did not disrupt or reset the ongoing attentional rhythm. Instead, it seems that voluntary saccades are executed as part of an ongoing attentional rhythm, with the eyes in flight during the troughs of the attentional wave. This finding for the first time demonstrates that periodic attentional mechanisms affect not only perception but also overt motor behavior.
Redescription of a subterranean amphipod, Eocrangonyx japonicus (Peracarida, Amphipoda, Pseudocrangonyctidae) from Japan
Authors: Tomikawa Ko , Shinoda Sazuki 
Published: May 2016

Eocrangonyx japonicus (Uéno, 1930), a poorly known subterranean amphipod, is described and illustrated in detail based on a newly obtained specimen from a spring at Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan. The generic assignment and newly found diagnostic features of E. japonicus are discussed. A key to all the species of Eocrangonyx is provided.
Accumulation of metals in zooplankton from karst plateau reservoirs with different eutrophic status in Guizhou Province, P. R. China
Authors: Long Sheng Xing , Yang Yang , Xia Ping Hua , Chen Chuan , Liu Zhi Wei , Ma Jian Rong , Dong Xian , He Tian Rogn , Yun Guo 
Published: May 2016

Metal concentrations in large zooplankton from three karst reservoirs with different eutrophic status (Hongfeng Lake reservoir, Baihua Lake reservoir, and Aha reservoir) in Guizhou Province, China, were investigated. Samples of zooplankton were collected in 2014 and 2015. It was found that accumulation of metals in zooplankton was significantly correlated with Chl-a (chlorophyll a), which can be attributed to the characteristic distribution of species of phytoplankton. A low concentration of metals in water means a higher bioaccumulation factor (BAF) and a stronger transfer to zooplankton via the trophic chain, and hence a higher ecological risk. Zooplankton in the eutrophic Aha reservoir had lower concentrations of Fe (mean 1264.25 mg/kg) than in Hongfeng (mean 2566.07 mg/kg) and Baihua (2246.87 mg/kg) in 2014-2015, because of high TP (Total Phosphorus) concentration, which has an affinity with suspended particles matter. A high level of Cd (mean 0.62 mg/kg) was found in Hongfeng. This study shows that zooplankton in the eutrophic Aha reservoir had higher concentrations of metals (Mn, mean 590.47 mg/kg; Pb, mean 7.6 mg/kg; Cr, mean 26.31 mg/kg; Ni, mean 8.54 mg/kg; Zn, mean 225.73 mg/kg; and Cu, mean 238.33 mg/kg) than in the mesotrophic Hongfeng and Baihua reservoirs. Thus, the eutrophic status was significantly, positively correlated with high concentrations of metals in the zooplankton, as also observed in other reservoir studies.
On the Role of the African Topography in the South Asian Monsoon
Authors: Wei Ho-Hsuan , Bordoni Simona 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The Somali jet, a strong low-level cross-equatorial flow concentrated in a narrow longitudinal band near the coast of Somalia, is a key feature of the South Asian monsoon (SAM) circulation. Previous work has emphasized the role of the East African highlands in strengthening and concentrating the jet. However, the fundamental dynamics of the jet remains debated, as does its relation to the SAM precipitation. In this study, numerical experiments with modified topography over Africa are conducted with the GFDL atmospheric model, version 2.1 (AM2.1), general circulation model (GCM) to examine the influence of topography on the Somali jet and the SAM precipitation. It is found that when the African topography is removed, the SAM precipitation moderately increases in spite of a weakening of the cross-equatorial Somali jet. The counterintuitive precipitation increase is related to lower-level cyclonic wind anomalies, and associated meridional moisture convergence, which develop over the Arabian Sea in the absence of the African topography. Potential vorticity (PV) budget analyses along particle trajectories show that this cyclonic anomaly primarily arises because, in the absence of the blocking effect by the African topography and with weaker cross-equatorial flow, air particles originate from higher latitudes with larger background planetary vorticity and thus larger PV.
Intraseasonal Variability of the Surface Zonal Currents in the Western Tropical Pacific Ocean: Characteristics and Mechanisms
Authors: Wang Fan , Li Yuanlong , Wang Jianing 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe surface circulation of the tropical Pacific Ocean is characterized by alternating zonal currents, such as the North Equatorial Current (NEC), North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC), South Equatorial Current (SEC), and South Equatorial Countercurrent (SECC). In situ measurements of subsurface moorings and satellite observations reveal pronounced intraseasonal variability (ISV; 20–90 days) of these zonal currents in the western tropical Pacific Ocean (WTPO). The amplitude of ISV is the largest within the equatorial band exceeding 20 cm s−1 and decreases to ~10 cm s−1 in the NECC band and further to 4–8 cm s−1 in the NEC and SECC. The ISV power generally increases from high frequencies to low frequencies and exhibits a peak at 50–60 days in the NECC, SEC, and SECC. These variations are faithfully reproduced by an ocean general circulation model (OGCM) forced by satellite winds, and parallel model experiments are performed to gain insights into the underlying mechanisms. It is found that large-scale ISV (>500 km) is primarily caused by atmospheric intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs), such as the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), through wind stress forcing. These signals are confined within 10°S–8°N, mainly as baroclinic ocean wave responses to ISO winds. For scales shorter than 200 km, ISV is dominated by ocean internal variabilities with mesoscale structures. They arise from the baroclinic and barotropic instabilities associated with the vertical and horizontal shears of the upper-ocean circulation. The ISV exhibits evident seasonal variation, with larger (smaller) amplitude in boreal winter (summer) in the SEC and SECC.
The Youth Ecological-Resilience Scale
Authors: van Breda Adrian D. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose: In South Africa, the field of scale development and utilization in social work is referred to as “ecometrics,” that is, the measurement of ecological constructs. There is, however, a lack of ecometric tools for social workers, particularly regarding strengths or resilience. Given the high vulnerability of South African youth, this article describes the design and validation of a youth resilience measure. Method: The Youth Ecological-Resilience Scale (YERS), a multidimensional, summated rating scale that measures youth resilience within an ecological framework, was designed and validated with a diverse sample of 575 young people, using ecometric techniques. Results: The YERS shows good levels of reliability and validity. Conclusions: The YERS is suitable for group administration and research and also for assessment of individuals when triangulated with other assessment methods. Several studies of youth transitions using the YERS are described as well as suggestions for its use in social work practice.