bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel amino acid‐based surfactant for silicone emulsification and its application in hair care products: a promising alternative to quaternary ammonium cationic surfactants
Authors: Fujii M. , Inoue M. , Fukami T. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveQuaternary ammonium cationic surfactants (ACSs) and N‐[3‐alkyl(12,14)oxy‐2‐hydroxypropyl]‐l‐arginine hydrochloride (N‐AOHPA) were used to emulsify silicone. The potential of the resulting emulsions in hair conditioning products was investigated.MethodsThe emulsions were prepared using a homogenizer and/or high‐pressure homogenizer. ACSs and N‐AOHPA were used as silicone emulsifiers. The stability of the emulsions was evaluated by measuring particle sizes, creaming fractions, polydispersity indexes and zeta potentials. Moreover, the N‐AOHPA‐stabilized emulsion was compared with the ACS‐stabilized emulsion to evaluate the adsorption amount of silicone on healthy and bleached hair surfaces and the inhibitory effects on amino acid dissolution from bleached hair. The adsorption site of the N‐AOHPA‐stabilized emulsion was observed using a scanning electron microscope.ResultsFor all surfactants, the silicone emulsions prepared using the high‐pressure homogenizer were more stable than those prepared using the homogenizer. When N‐AOHPA was used as the surfactant, the silicone emulsion was especially stable. Furthermore, the d50 value of the N‐AOHPA‐stabilized emulsion was smaller than that of the ACS‐stabilized emulsion. The adsorption behaviour of the silicone droplets in the different emulsions varied depending on the nature of the surfactant and the preparation method. The amount of ACS‐stabilized silicone adsorbed on healthy hair was higher than that adsorbed on bleached hair, especially when the emulsion was prepared using the homogenizer. In contrast, the amount of N‐AOHPA‐stabilized silicone adsorbed on bleached hair was high, and no differences were observed between the N‐AOHPA‐stabilized emulsions prepared using the homogenizer and high‐pressure homogenizer. The emulsified droplets, especially the N‐AOHPA‐stabilized droplets prepared using the high‐pressure homogenizer, prevented amino acid dissolution from bleached hair. It was concluded that the silicone droplet adsorption site affected the dissolution process because the small N‐AOHPA‐stabilized droplets adsorbed at cuticle edges.ConclusionThis study shows that N‐AOHPA has good potential for use as an emulsifier in products used for improving the condition of damaged hair.
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) provides survival factors to EBV+ diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) lines and modulates cytokine induced specific chemotaxis in EBV+ DLBCL
Authors: Wu Liang , Ehlin‐Henriksson Barbro , Zhou Xiaoying , Zhu Hong , Ernberg Ingemar , Kis Lorand L. , Klein George 
Published: July 2017

SummaryDiffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common type of malignant lymphoma, accounts for 30% of adult non‐Hodgkin lymphomas. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) ‐positive DLBCL of the elderly is a newly recognized subtype that accounts for 8–10% of DLBCLs in Asian countries, but is less common in Western populations. Five DLBCL‐derived cell lines were employed to characterize patterns of EBV latent gene expression, as well as response to cytokines and chemotaxis. Interleukin‐4 and interleukin‐21 modified LMP1, EBNA1 and EBNA2 expression depending on cell phenotype and type of EBV latent programme (type I, II or III). These cytokines also affected CXCR4‐ or CCR7‐mediated chemotaxis in two of the cell lines, Farage (type III) and Val (type II). Further, we investigated the effect of EBV by using dominant‐negative EBV nuclear antigen 1(dnEBNA1) to eliminate EBV genomes. This resulted in decreased chemotaxis. By employing an alternative way to eliminate EBV genomes, Roscovitine, we show an increase of apoptosis in the EBV‐positive lines. These results show that EBV plays an important role in EBV‐positive DLBCL lines with regard to survival and chemotactic response. Our findings provide evidence for the impact of microenvironment on EBV‐carrying DLBCL cells and might have therapeutic implications.
Social Expectations and Workplace Challenges: Teaching Artists in Korean Schools
Authors: Paek Kyong‐Mi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSocial interest in art integration for curriculum enrichment and innovation, particularly at the turn of the century, has promoted extensive institutional partnerships between cultural organisations and public schools in many countries. Stimulated by social demands for innovative educational practices, these institutional partnerships have increased the numbers of teaching artists sent to schools. These artists are expected to contribute to the development of students’ creative imaginations by providing learning opportunities beyond conventional classroom practices. However, the extent to which teaching artists are able to develop creatively within their socially expected roles remains unclear, especially considering the marginal status of the arts in formal education settings. A recent survey‐ and interview‐based study conducted by the present author in South Korea demonstrated that teaching artists in schools find the structured educational system often limits the scope of their classroom practice. This article reviews the teaching artists’ concerns and needs identified in the study context and discusses ways to support their professional development and expand the roles of institutions in improving the quality of their teaching practice. The discussion also examines historical and socio‐political factors that have influenced the persisting challenges of structural issues inherited in the Teaching Artists in Schools Program in South Korea to provide suggestions for more sustainable and instructive collaborations.
The experiences of staff who support people with intellectual disability on issues about death, dying and bereavement: A metasynthesis
Authors: Lord Ailsa J. , Field Stephen , Smith Ian C. 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundHistorically, people with intellectual disabilities have tended to be excluded from knowing about death, dying and bereavement. Staff in intellectual disability services can play a valuable role in improving understanding of these issues in those they support. This qualitative metasynthesis aimed to understand the experiences of staff supporting adults with intellectual disabilities with issues of death, dying and bereavement.MethodThirteen papers were identified following a systematic review of six databases.ResultsThree themes were developed following a lines‐of‐argument synthesis: (i) talking about death is hard: negotiating the uncertainty in death, dying and bereavement; (ii) the commitment to promoting a “good death”; and (iii) the grief behind the professional mask. “A cautious silence: The taboo of death” was an overarching theme.ConclusionsA more open culture around issues of death, dying and bereavement in intellectual disability settings is essential and could be promoted through staff training and support.
Stereotype content and social distancing from employees with mental illness: The moderating roles of gender and social dominance orientation
Authors: Follmer Kayla B. , Jones Kisha S. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMental illness is increasingly prevalent among employees, but little is known about how these individuals are perceived at work. Using the stereotype content model as a framework, we investigated warmth and competence stereotypes associated with employees with anxiety, depression, and bipolar disorder. Employees with these disorders were perceived to be low in warmth and competence, and stereotypes about individuals with anxiety were relatively more positive than those with depression or bipolar. This study also proposed and tested the extent to which stereotypes predicted work‐related social distancing intentions. We found that two characteristics moderated this relationship: gender and social dominance orientation. We discuss practical and theoretical implications as they pertain to improving the experiences and well‐being of employees with mental illness.
Metformin ameliorates BSCB disruption by inhibiting neutrophil infiltration and MMP‐9 expression but not direct TJ proteins expression regulation
Authors: Zhang Di , Tang Qian , Zheng Gang , Wang Chenggui , Zhou Yifei , Wu Yaosen , Xuan Jun , Tian Naifeng , Wang Xiangyang , Wu Yan , Xu Huazi , Zhang Xiaolei 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBlood‐spinal cord barrier (BSCB) disruption is a major process for the secondary injury of spinal cord injury (SCI) and is considered to be a therapeutic target for SCI. Previously, we demonstrated that metformin could improve functional recovery after SCI; however, the effect of metformin on BSCB is still unknown. In this study, we found that metformin could prevent the loss of tight junction (TJ) proteins at day 3 after SCI in vivo, but in vitro there was no significant difference of these proteins between control and metformin treatment in endothelial cells. This indicated that metformin‐induced BSCB protection might not be mediated by up‐regulating TJ proteins directly, but by inhibiting TJ proteins degradation. Thus, we investigated the role of metformin on MMP‐9 and neutrophils infiltration. Neutrophils infiltration is the major source of the enhanced MMP‐9 in SCI. Our results showed that metformin decreased MMP‐9 production and blocked neutrophils infiltration at day 1 after injury, which might be related to ICAM‐1 down‐regulation. Also, our in vitro study showed that metformin inhibited TNF‐α‐induced MMP‐9 up‐regulation in neutrophils, which might be mediated via an AMPK‐dependent pathway. Together, it illustrated that metformin prevented the breakdown of BSCB by inhibiting neutrophils infiltration and MMP‐9 production, but not by up‐regulating TJ proteins expression. Our study may help to better understand the working mechanism of metformin on SCI.
A positive feedback loop promotes HIF‐1α stability through miR‐210‐mediated suppression of RUNX3 in paraquat‐induced EMT
Authors: Zhu Yong , Wang Jinfeng , Meng Xiaoxiao , Xie Hui , Tan Jiuting , Guo Xinkun , Han Peng , Wang Ruilan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIrreversible pulmonary fibrosis induced by paraquat (PQ) poisoning is the major cause of death in patients with PQ poisoning. The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is postulated to be one of the main mechanisms of pulmonary fibrosis. Here, we investigated the role of miR‐210 in PQ‐induced EMT and its relationship with hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α). Western blotting, immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation and other methods were used in this study. We found that miR‐210 expression was significantly increased after PQ poisoning, and it may be regulated by HIF‐1α. Overexpression of miR‐210 further increased the HIF‐1α protein level and promoted EMT. Moreover, miR‐210 knock‐down reduced the HIF‐1α protein level and decreased the degree of EMT. Runt‐related transcription factor‐3 (RUNX3), a direct target of miR‐210, was inhibited by miR‐210 in response to PQ poisoning. RUNX3 increased the hydroxylation ability of prolyl hydroxylase domain‐containing protein 2 (PHD2), a key enzyme that promotes HIF‐1α degradation. PHD2 immunoprecipitated with RUNX3 and its level changed similarly to that of RUNX3. The expression of the HIF‐1α protein was significantly reduced when RUNX3 was overexpressed. HIF‐1α protein levels were markedly increased when RUNX3 was silenced. Based on these results, a positive feedback loop may exist between miR‐210 and HIF‐1α. The mechanism may function through miR‐210‐mediated repression of RUNX3, which further decreases the hydroxylation activity of PHD2, enhances the stability of HIF‐1α, and promotes PQ‐induced EMT, aggravating the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. This study further elucidates the mechanism of PQ‐induced pulmonary fibrosis and may provide a new perspective for the future development of therapies.
2, 3, 7, 8‐Tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin promotes endothelial cell apoptosis through activation of EP3/p38MAPK/Bcl‐2 pathway
Authors: Yu Yu , Liu Qian , Guo Shumin , Zhang Qianqian , Tang Juan , Liu Guizhu , Kong Deping , Li Juanjuan , Yan Shuai , Wang Ruiguo , Wang Peilong , Su Xiaoou , Yu Ying 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEndothelial injury or dysfunction is an early event in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Epidemiological and animal studies have shown that 2, 3, 7, 8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD) exposure increases morbidity and mortality from chronic cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis. However, whether or how TCDD exposure causes endothelial injury or dysfunction remains largely unknown. Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to different doses of TCDD, and cell apoptosis was examined. We found that TCDD treatment increased caspase 3 activity and apoptosis in HUVECs in a dose‐dependent manner,at doses from 10 to 40 nM. TCDD increased cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX)‐2 expression and its downstream prostaglandin (PG) production (mainly PGE2 and 6‐keto‐PGF1α) in HUVECs. Interestingly, inhibition of COX‐2, but not COX‐1, markedly attenuated TCDD‐triggered apoptosis in HUVECs. Pharmacological inhibition or gene silencing of the PGE2 receptor subtype 3 (EP3) suppressed the augmented apoptosis in TCDD‐treated HUVECs. Activation of the EP3 receptor enhanced p38 MAPK phosphorylation and decreased Bcl‐2 expression following TCDD treatment. Both p38 MAPK suppression and Bcl‐2 overexpression attenuated the apoptosis in TCDD‐treated HUVECs. TCDD increased EP3‐dependent Rho activity and subsequently promoted p38MAPK/Bcl‐2 pathway‐mediated apoptosis in HUVECs. In addition, TCDD promoted apoptosis in vascular endothelium and delayed re‐endothelialization after femoral artery injury in wild‐type (WT) mice, but not in EP3−/− mice. In summary, TCDD promotes endothelial apoptosis through the COX‐2/PGE2/EP3/p38MAPK/Bcl‐2 pathway. Given the cardiovascular hazard of a COX‐2 inhibitor, our findings indicate that the EP3 receptor and its downstream pathways may be potential targets for prevention of TCDD‐associated cardiovascular diseases.
Rictor regulates the vasculogenic mimicry of melanoma via the AKT‐MMP‐2/9 pathway
Authors: Liang Xingmei , Sun Ran , Zhao Xiulan , Zhang Yanhui , Gu Qiang , Dong Xueyi , Zhang Danfang , Sun Junying , Sun Baocun 
Published: July 2017

AbstractVasculogenic mimicry (VM)‐positive melanomas are usually associated with poor prognosis. Rictor, the key component of the rapamycin‐insensitive complex of mTOR (mTORC2), is up‐regulated in several cancers, especially in melanomas with poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Rictor in the regulation of VM and the mechanism underlying this possible regulation. VM channels were found in 35 of 81 tested melanoma samples and high Rictor expression correlated with VM structures. Moreover, Kaplan–Meier survival curves indicated that VM structures and high Rictor expression correlated with shorter survival in patients with melanoma. In vitro, Rictor knockdown by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) significantly inhibited the ability of A375 and MUM‐2B melanoma cells to form VM structures, as evidenced by most tubes remaining open. Cell cycle analysis revealed that Rictor knockdown blocked cell growth and resulted in the accumulation of cells in G2/M phase, and cell migration and invasion were greatly affected after Rictor down‐regulation. Western blotting assays indicated that down‐regulating Rictor significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT at Ser473 and Thr308, which subsequently inhibited the expression and activity of downstream MMP‐2/9, as confirmed by real‐time PCR and gelatin Zymography. MK‐2206, a small‐molecule inhibitor of AKT, similarly inhibited the activity of AKT and secretion of MMP‐2/9, further supporting that Rictor down‐regulation inhibits the phosphorylation of AKT and activity of downstream MMP‐2/9 to affect VM formation. In conclusion, Rictor plays an important role in melanoma VM via the Rictor—AKT—MMP‐2/9 signalling pathway.
Dietary practices and FODMAPs in South Asia: Applicability of the low FODMAP diet to patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Hewawasam Samapriya P , Iacovou Marina , Muir Jane G , Gibson Peter R 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe low Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, and Monosaccharides And Polyols (FODMAP) diet has been described, evaluated, and found efficacious for the treatment of patients with irritable bowel syndrome primarily in Western countries. The aim of this review was to address the applicability of this diet to South Asia. The high prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in South Asia and its associated effects of quality of life and economics warrant the introduction of efficacious therapies. The considerable heterogeneity of dietary patterns and methods of food preparation across South Asian countries and a paucity of food analysis limit precision in defining foods that are high or low in FODMAPs. Spices and condiments are commonly consumed and mostly have a low FODMAP content. However, major high FODMAP sources are frequently used and include onion, garlic, shallots, legumes/pulses, and wheat‐based products, as well as coconut and milk products, offering an opportunity for dietary management to reduce the symptom load. The feasibility of instituting a restrictive diet in which foods with a high FODMAP content are replaced by foods low in FODMAPs must be addressed as a substantial proportion of the nutritional intake including energy, proteins, and micronutrients, is often obtained from FODMAP‐rich food. Furthermore, limited knowledge of health professionals together with a paucity of dietitians further challenge the practicality of introducing the diet. Thus, while the use of the low FODMAP diet in South Asia may be more limited than in westernized countries, it does offer potential therapeutic opportunities, the efficacy, and impact of which require further investigation.
Intellectual disability in children aged less than seven years born moderately and late preterm compared with very preterm and term‐born children – a nationwide birth cohort study
Authors: Hirvonen M. , Ojala R. , Korhonen P. , Haataja P. , Eriksson K. , Rantanen K. , Gissler M. , Luukkaala T. , Tammela O. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundPrematurity has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of intellectual disability (ID).MethodThe aim was to establish whether the prevalence of ID, defined as significant limitations in both intellectual (intelligence quotient below 70) and adaptive functioning among moderately preterm (MP; 32+0–33+6 weeks) and late preterm (LP; 34+0–36+6 weeks) infants, is increased compared with that in term infants (≥37+0 weeks). Antenatal and neonatal risk factors for ID among gestational age groups were sought. The national register study included all live‐born infants in Finland in 1991–2008, excluding those who died before one year age, or had any major congenital anomaly or missing data. A total of 1 018 256 infants (98.0%) were analysed: very preterm (VP; <32+0 weeks, n = 6329), MP (n = 6796), LP (n = 39 928) and term (n = 965 203).ResultsBy the age of seven years, the prevalence of ID was 2.48% in the VP group, 0.81% in the MP group, 0.55% in the LP group and 0.35% in the term group. Intracranial haemorrhage increased the ID risk in all groups. Male sex and born small for gestational age predicted an increased risk in all but the MP group.ConclusionsThe prevalence of ID decreased with increasing gestational age. Prevention of intracranial haemorrhages may have a beneficial effect on the neurodevelopmental outcomes of neonates.
An integrative literature review exploring the clinical management of delirium in patients with advanced cancer
Authors: Lawley Hayley , Hewison Alistair 
Published: July 2017

Aims and objectivesTo present the findings of an integrative literature review of the evidence for the clinical management of delirium in patients with advanced cancer.BackgroundPatients with advanced cancer frequently experience delirium which can be distressing for both patients and their families. Current guidelines recommend that underlying causes of the delirium be addressed and a course of antipsychotics considered. However, the research into the effectiveness of treatments for delirium in people with advanced cancer is limited.DesignIntegrative literature review.Data sourcesSystematic searches of the MEDLINE, CINAHL, ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health and PsychInfo databases were conducted in April 2016 to include papers published in 2000 and later. The returns were screened using inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the seven studies found to be suitable were subject to review.Review methodsFindings of the seven papers were extracted, appraised critically and reviewed using a narrative approach.ResultsA number of interventions, including the use of atypical antipsychotics, opioid rotation, methylphenidate hydrochloride and coeliac plexus block, were reported; however, there was limited evidence of their effectiveness. One study reported the use of exercise therapy as a nonpharmacological intervention.ConclusionA variety of interventions to treat delirium in patients with advanced cancer have been tested through nonblinded, nonrandomised trials which have not produced a clear evidence base for practice.Relevance to clinical practiceThe clinical management of delirium in patients with advanced cancer is poorly understood and remains a clinical issue which requires further research (particularity randomized control trials) in order to determine more effective treatments and management strategies.
The prevalence of peripheral intravenous cannulae and pattern of use: A point prevalence in a private hospital setting
Authors: Wong Kelvin , Cooper Alannah , Brown Janie , Boyd Leanne , Levinson Michele 
Published: July 2017

Aims and objectivesTo determine the prevalence and pattern of use of peripheral intravenous cannulae in hospital wards.BackgroundPeripheral intravenous cannulae are commonly used in acute health care to directly access the bloodstream for the administration of medications, intravenous fluids and blood products. Peripheral intravenous cannulae are associated with multiple adverse events including hospital‐acquired bloodstream infection, thrombophlebitis and pain/discomfort. Administration of intravenous fluids is associated with impaired mobility and nocturia which may increase falls risk in the older people.DesignObservational, point prevalence study.MethodsThree private hospitals comprising a total of 1,230 beds participated in the study. Nurses recorded the presence of a peripheral intravenous cannulae, duration of insertion, state of the dressing and whether the peripheral intravenous cannulae was accessed in the previous 24 hr and for what purpose. Nurses were also asked whether they would replace the peripheral intravenous cannulae should it fail.ResultsApproximately one‐quarter of patients had a peripheral intravenous cannulae, the majority of which had been present for <24 hr. The major use of the peripheral intravenous cannulae was antibiotic administration. Administration of intravenous fluids occurred in the presence of normal oral fluid intake. Nurses would not replace one‐third of peripheral intravenous cannulae in the event of failure. A majority of patients were at increased falls risk, and one‐third of these were receiving intravenous fluids.ConclusionsThere is room for improvement in the utilisation of peripheral intravenous cannulae, particularly in removal and associated use of intravenous fluids. Alternative strategies for medication administration and timely switch to the oral route may reduce the risks associated with intravenous fluids.Relevance to clinical practiceVigilance is required in the use of peripheral intravenous cannulae. Consider transition of medication administration to oral intake where possible to minimise risks associated with the use of invasive devices and increased fluid intake.