bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age-Related Differences in Psychosocial Function of Children with Craniofacial Anomalies
Authors: Volpicelli Elizabeth J. , Pfaff Miles J. , Hakimi Kevin , Bradley James P. , Solem R. Christian , Lee Justine C. 
Published: September 2017

Background:
Age is a frequent consideration for surgical timing in pediatric craniofacial surgery for optimal psychosocial development. However, systematic evaluations of the effects of age in children under active treatment have not been thoroughly evaluated.

Methods:
Ninety-nine patients (age, 8 to 17 years; 46.5 percent male) from the University of California, Los Angeles, Craniofacial Clinic were prospectively evaluated using the Pediatric Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System to assess anger, anxiety, depression, and quality of peer relationships. Patients were stratified into three age groups by years: group A, 8 to 10 years, n = 30; group B, 11 to 13 years, n = 41; and group C, 14 to 17 years, n = 28. Analyses of variance and logistic regression analyses were performed.

Results:
Significant differences in anxiety (F
2,96 = 5.1; p = 0.008), depression (F
2,96 = 9.7; p < 0.001), peer relationships (F
2,96 = 3.5; p = 0.03), and anger (F
2,96 = 4.9; p = 0.009) were found among the age groups. Group A demonstrated the highest anxiety, highest depression, and lowest peer relationship scores overall. Although there were no differences in anger between groups A and C, group B had the lowest anger scores. Children with poor scores of higher severity, defined as greater than 1 SD worse than the national mean, were compared. Group A contributed the highest percentages of more severely affected children in all categories. A logistic regression analysis demonstrated that group A was a statistically significant predictor for scores of higher severity in both anxiety (OR, 3.8; 95 percent CI, 1.3 to 11.5; p = 0.02) and peer relationships (OR, 3.4; 95 percent CI, 1.3 to 9.3; p = 0.02).

Conclusions:
Children between 8 and 10 years of age with craniofacial anomalies constitute a high-risk subset for psychosocial dysfunction. The authors’ work suggests that tight surveillance with family and school awareness may be necessary for this age group.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Risk, II.
The Horizontal Myocutaneous Infrahyoid Island Flap for Soft-Tissue Head and Oral Reconstruction: Step-by-Step Video Description
Authors: Verbruggen Charlie , Majoufre Claire , Derosamel Laure , Dubreuil Pierre-Antoine , Vallade Gabrielle , Mage Caroline , Sessiecq Quentin , Bondaz Mathieu 
Published: September 2017

Summary:
A clinical case is presented of a 70-year-old woman suffering from a right hemilingual epidermoid carcinoma. A step-by-step video description of the regional infrahyoid island flap is presented and narrated. Long-term results at 2 months in terms of aesthetics and function at the recipient and donor sites are excellent.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, V.
Rhinoplasty Refinements: The Role of the Open Approach
Authors: Rohrich Rod J. , Afrooz Paul N. 
Published: September 2017

Summary:
The open rhinoplasty technique facilitates accurate visualization of deformities and aesthetic disharmonies in addition to visualization for precise correction. Through a series of videos, this case represents the evolution of the open rhinoplasty technique, demonstrating a wide range in complexity of maneuvers to achieve the desired correction in rhinoplasty. The video demonstrates reduction of the nasal dorsum by way of a component dorsal reduction, reconstitution of the cartilaginous midvault, and suture techniques for reshaping the nasal tip. Nasal tip deprojection and placement of alar contour grafts are also demonstrated in this case. The aim is to provide the rhinoplasty surgeon with examples of basic and sophisticated techniques and also to demonstrate the minutia and nuance of open rhinoplasty.
Brief Report: Context Matters: PrEP Adherence is Associated With Sexual Behavior Among HIV Serodiscordant Couples in East Africa
Authors: Haberer Jessica E. , Ngure Kenneth , Muwonge Timothy , Mugo Nelly , Katabira Elly , Heffron Renee , Musinguzi Nicholas , Bangsberg David R. , Celum Connie , Baeten Jared M. ,   on behalf of the Partners Mobile Adherence to PrEP (PMAP) Team
Published: September 2017

Background:
Short message service (SMS) surveys are a promising tool for understanding whether preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) adherence aligns with risk for HIV acquisition—a concept known as prevention-effective adherence.

Methods:
The Partners Demonstration Project was an open-label study of integrated PrEP and antiretroviral therapy (ART) delivery among high-risk HIV serodiscordant couples in East Africa. HIV-uninfected partners were offered PrEP until their HIV-infected partner had taken ART for ≥6 months. At 2 study sites, HIV-uninfected partners were offered enrollment into the Partners Mobile Adherence to PrEP (PMAP) substudy based on ongoing PrEP use, personal cell phone ownership, and ability to use SMS. SMS surveys asked about PrEP adherence and sexual activity in the previous 24 hours; these surveys were sent daily for the 7 days before and 7 days after routine study visits in the Partners Demonstration Project.

Results:
The PMAP substudy enrolled 373 HIV-uninfected partners; 69% were men and mean age was 31 years. Participants completed 17,030 of 23,056 SMS surveys sent (74%) with a mean of 47 surveys per participant over 9.8 months of follow-up. While HIV-infected partner use of ART was <6 months, mean reported PrEP adherence was 92% on surveys concurrently reporting sex within the serodiscordant partnership, and 84% on surveys reporting no sex (P < 0.001).

Discussion:
SMS surveys provided daily assessment of concurrent PrEP adherence and sexual behavior. Higher PrEP adherence was temporally associated with increased risk for HIV acquisition.
Intraoral Excision of a Huge Cheek Lipoma
Authors: Coelho Rodrigo Carvalho Pinto , Oliveira Eduardo Morato , Silva Guilherme Costa Carvalho , Aguiar Evandro Guimarães , Moreira Allyson Nogueira , Souza Leandro Napier 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Lipomas are benign tumors of mature adipocytes unusual in the oral and maxillofacial region. The average size of cheek lipomas in the literature ranges from 1.5 to 2.5 cm, with the maximum size of 5 cm. Their etiology remains unclear. Lipomas present, clinically, as well circumscribed, slow growing, painless masses, usually treated by complete excision. The aim of this paper is to present a 78-year-old Caucasian male patient with a huge cheek lipoma compromising facial esthetics and treated through an intraoral excision. Postoperative period was uneventful with no signs of recurrence. Concluding, the intraoral approach is a relatively simple technique that should be taken into account when considering the surgical removal of cheek lipomas.
Posterior Iliac Crest Bone Graft: How Much Is Enough?
Authors: Boucree Thaddeus , McLaughlin Dylan , Akrawe Silvy , Darian Vigen , Siddiqui Aamir 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Autogenous bone grafting is the gold standard for reconstructing craniofacial defects. Mandibular defects are reliably reconstructed with free nonvascularized bone, such as from the posterior iliac crest (PIC). In light of improved imaging, including 3-dimensional computed tomography scanning, a more accurate defect estimation is possible. A strong understanding of bone graft available is necessary. The purpose of this study was an updated review of the dissection and quantification of the amount of bone that can be safely harvested. Bilateral bicortical osteotomy was performed on 55 cadavers to obtain 110 PIC bone grafts. Demographic factors and bicortical osteotomy measurements were recorded. Average osteotomy lengths, widths, and depths were 7.4, 5.5, and 1 cm, respectively. The average bicortical osteotomy volume was 40.6 cm3. During the dissection, the authors identified 2 anatomical variants with respect to muscle insertion into the PIC. In variation 1, which occurred in 62% of dissections, the latissimus dorsi and thoracolumbar fascia did not originate from the PIC. When this occurred, the quadratus lumborum attached to the PIC. In variation 2, which occurred in 38% of dissections, the latissimus dorsi and thoracolumbar fascia originate from the PIC. By identifying the maximal bone volume obtainable from a PIC graft and noting 2 anatomical variants, this study allows for more accurate surgical planning and management.
Propranolol Treatment of Vascular Anomalies Other Than Infantile Hemangioma
Authors: Goss Jeremy A. , Konczyk Dennis J. , Alomari Mohammed H. , Maclellan Reid A. , Greene Arin K. 
Published: September 2017

Background:
Oral propranolol has become first-line intervention for problematic infantile hemangioma (IH) that is not amenable to topical or intralesional therapies. Consensus data supporting its efficacy for other vascular anomalies does not exist. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency and causes of propranolol use for vascular lesions other than IH.

Methods:
Referrals to our Vascular Anomalies Center between 2008 and 2017 were reviewed for patients treated with propranolol at an outside institution. Patient history, photographs, imaging studies, and/or histopathology were evaluated by an interdisciplinary team to diagnose the vascular anomaly. Our center's diagnosis was compared to the referral diagnosis to categorize patients into 3 groups: Group 1 (patients were appropriately labeled with an IH); Group 2 (individuals were erroneously diagnosed with IH); and Group 3 (subjects were diagnosed with a vascular anomaly other than IH).

Results:
Two hundred thirty-six patients met inclusion criteria. Group 1 (39%; n = 91) had an IH and were treated appropriately. Group 2 (20%; n = 49) was misdiagnosed with IH and incorrectly received propranolol. Group 3 (41%; n = 96) was given propranolol to treat another vascular anomaly. Propranolol did not have efficacy for vascular anomalies other than IH.

Conclusions:
Propranolol commonly is used to treat lesions other than IH; misdiagnosis of a lesion as IH is a common cause. Propranolol should be used with caution to treat other types of vascular anomalies because patients are subjected to the risks of the drug without data supporting its efficacy.
Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of the Distribution of Neurons Contributing to Ophthalmic, Maxillary, and Mandibular Nerves in the Trigeminal Ganglion of Experimental Model
Authors: Wei Wenbin , Han Zixiang , Chen Minjie , Zhang Weijie , Chai Ying , Wang Yiwen , Zhang Wenhao 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The authors introduce a new method to build a three-dimensional (3D) model of the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve in the trigeminal ganglion of rabbit with 3 different kinds of fluorescence. Ten adult New Zealand rabbits of both sexes weighing between 2.0 and 3.0 kg were used in the experiment. Then through an operation under general anesthesia, the maxillary and mandibular nerves were exposed, and red and gold fluorescence were applied to investigate the neurons of the maxillary and mandibular nerves. Subsequently, DiI was used as a marker for the ophthalmic neuron for the other side of the same rabbit. After receiving images of the 3 branches under a fluorescence microscope, a 3D model of the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve could be built. The authors obtained an image of the 3 branches of neurons in the trigeminal ganglion, and a 3D model of the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve in the trigeminal ganglion was reconstructed. In the trigeminal ganglion, ophthalmic neurons were concentrated in the anteromedial section, the maxillary division in the middle, and the mandibular division posterolaterally. Overlap was observed between the ophthalmic and maxillary neurons, and also for the maxillary and mandible neurons.
The Directive Growth Approach for Nonsyndromic, Unicoronal Craniosynostosis: Patient and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Mann Robert J. , Fahrenkopf Matthew P. , Burton Michael , Girotto John , Polley John 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Deformities of the cranium in patients with nonsyndromic single-suture synostosis occur because of growth restriction at fused sutures and growth over compensation at normal sutures. Traditional surgery includes ostectomies of the synostotic suture to release these restricted areas and osteotomies to enable immediate cranial remodeling. In the process of reshaping the cranium, traditional approaches usually involve obliteration of both the normal functioning suture and the pathologic suture. The directive growth approach (DGA) is a new, simpler, more natural way to repair deformities caused by single-suture cranial synostosis. The DGA works by reversing the original deforming forces by temporarily restricting growth in areas of over compensation and forcing growth in areas of previous synostotic restriction. Most importantly, it preserves a normal functioning suture to allow for improved future cranial growth. Eighteen consecutive nonsyndromic patients with unilateral coronal synostosis were used to illustrate the efficacy of the DGA. Ten patients who underwent DGA treatment were compared with a control group of 8 patients treated with traditional frontal orbital advancement. Postoperative three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) comparison measurements were taken, including bilateral vertical and transverse orbital dimensions, lateral orbital rim to external auditory canal, and forehead measurements from the superior aspect of the orbital rim to the pituitary fossa. The traditional treatment group showed absence of the coronal sutures bilaterally on long-term CT scans. The DGA group showed normal coronal sutures on the unaffected sides. Postoperative CT measurements showed no statistical difference between the 2 techniques (P < 0.05).
Xiphoid Surface Temperature Predicts Mortality in a Murine Model of Septic Shock
Authors: Laitano Orlando , Van Steenbergen David , Mattingly Alex J. , Garcia Christian K. , Robinson Gerard P. , Murray Kevin O. , Clanton Thomas L. , Nunamaker Elizabeth A. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
Sepsis continues to be a major challenge for modern medicine. Several preclinical models were developed to study sepsis and each has strengths and weaknesses. The cecal slurry (CS) method is a practical alternative because it does not require surgery, and the infection can be dosed. However, one disadvantage is that the dosage must be determined for each CS preparation using survival studies. Our aim was to refine a survival protocol for the CS model by determining a premonitory humane endpoint that would reduce animal suffering. Mice become hypothermic in sepsis; therefore, we tested whether reductions in surface temperature (Ts), measured by noninvasive infrared thermometry, could predict eventual death. We injected 154 C57BL/6J mice with CS (0.9–1.8 mg/g) and periodically monitored Ts at the xiphoid process over 5 days. We used, as predictors, combinations of temperature thresholds (29°C –31°C) and times, postinjection (18–36 h). A receiver-operator curve, sensitivity, and specificity were determined. A Distress Index value was calculated for the threshold conditions. The optimum detection threshold (highest Youden index) was found at Ts ≤ 30.5°C at 24 h (90% specific, 84% sensitive). This threshold condition reduced animal suffering by 41% while providing an accurate survival rate estimate. Using this threshold, only 13 of 154 mice would have died from sepsis; 67 would have been euthanized at 24 h, and only 7 of 154 would have been euthanized unnecessarily. In conclusion, using a humane endpoint of Ts ≤ 30.5°C at 24 h accurately predicts mortality and can effectively reduce animal suffering during CS survival protocols.
Unexpected CRISPR off-target mutation patternin vivoare not typically germline-like
Authors: Wei Zhiting , He Funan , Chuai Guohui , Ma Hanhui , Su Zhixi , Liu Qi 
Published: September 2017

To the EditorSchaefer et al.1(referred to asStudy_1) recently presented the provocative conclusion that CRISPR-Cas9 nuclease can induce many unexpected off-target mutations across the genome that arise from the sites with poor homology to the gRNA. As Wilson et al.2pointed out, however, the selection of a co-housed mouse as the control is insufficient to attribute the observed mutation differences between the CRISPR-treated mice and control mice. Therefore, the causes of these mutations need to be further investigated. In 2015, Iyer et al.3(referred to asStudy_2) used Cas9 and a pair of sgRNAs to mutate the Ar gene invivoand off-target mutations were investigated by comparison the control mice and the offspring of the modified mice. After analyzing the whole genome sequencing (WGS) of the offspring and the control mice, they claimed that off-target mutations are rare from CRISPR-Cas9 engineering. Notably, their study only focused on indel off-target mutations. We re-analyzed the WGS data of these two studies and detected both single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and indel mutations.
A cross-cultural study of sex-typicality and averageness: Correlation between frontal and lateral measures of human faces
Authors: Danel Dariusz P. , Varella Valentova Jaroslava , Sánchez Oscar R. , Leongómez Juan D. , Varella Marco A. C. , Kleisner Karel 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectivesFacial averageness and sexual dimorphism are extensively studied attractiveness markers, which are viewed as possible indicators of biological quality. Both are complex morphological traits and both can be easily assessed from frontal and lateral projection of a human face. Interestingly, examination of mutual relations between the frontal and lateral dimensions of these markers has so far received little attention in published research.MethodsIn our cross-cultural study, we used geometric morphometric data from male and female faces from Brazil, Cameroon, Colombia, and the Czech Republic, and analysed correlations between frontal and lateral measurements of averageness and degree of maleness/femaleness, i.e. individual variation in features that characterize sexual dimorphism. We also analysed whether the association between frontal and lateral measurements differs in men and women.ResultsIn general, our results showed a moderate correlation in sexually dimorphic features between lateral and frontal facial configuration in both sexes, while frontal and lateral facial averageness was moderately correlated only in women. This pattern was less consistent when individual populations were analysed separately.ConclusionsReferring to the multiple signalling theory, we propose that especially in women, lateral/frontal correlations support a hypothesis of redundancy of information provided by the frontal and lateral dimension of a given facial attractiveness marker. The absence of a significant correlation in male facial averageness suggests that frontal and lateral averageness may convey different information about an individual.
Characterization of the Novel Mitochondrial Genome Replication Factor MiRF172 inTrypanosoma brucei
Authors: Amodeo Simona , Jakob Martin , Ochsenreiter Torsten 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe unicellular parasiteTrypanosoma bruceiharbors one individual mitochondrial organelle with a singular genome the kinetoplast DNA or kDNA. The kDNA largely consists of concatenated minicircles and a few maxicircles that are also interlocked into the kDNA disc. More than 30 proteins involved in kDNA replication have been described, however several mechanistic questions are only poorly understood. Here, we describe and characterize MiRF172, a novel mitochondrial genome replication factor, which is essential for proper cell growth and kDNA maintenance. Using super-resolution microscopy, we localize MiRF172 to the antipodal sites of the kDNA. We demonstrate that depletion of MiRF172 leads to continuous loss of mini- and maxicircles during the cell division cycle. Detailed analysis suggests that MiRF172 is likely involved in the reattachment of replicated minicircles to the kDNA disc. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the localization of the replication factor MiRF172 not only depends on the kDNA itself, but also on the mitochondrial genome segregation machinery suggesting a tight interaction between the two essential entities.Summary StatementMiRF172 is a novel protein involved in the reattachment of replicated minicircles inTrypanosoma brucei, which requires the mitochondrial segregation machinery for proper localization.
A screen for combination therapies inBRAF/NRASwild type melanoma identifies nilotinib plus MEK inhibitor as a synergistic combination
Authors: Ranzani Marco , Kemper Kristel , Michaut Magali , Krijgsman Oscar , Aben Nanne , Iyer Vivek , Wong Kim , Roumeliotis Theodoros I. , Velasco-Herrera Martin Del Castillo , Nsengimana Jérémie , Turner Gemma , Thompson Nicola , Shahrabi Aida , Sjoberg Marcela , Rashid Mamunur , Speak Anneliese O. , Grinkevich Vera , Behan Fiona , Tamborero David , Iorio Francesco , van Dongen Stijn , Bignell Graham R. , Alsinet Clara , Chen Sofia , Supper Emmanuelle , Dutton-Regester Ken , Pritchard Antonia , Wong Chi , Enright Anton , Newton-Bishop Julia , McDermott Ultan , Hayward Nicholas K. , Choudhary Jyoti S. , Yusa Kosuke , Wessels Lodewyk , Garnett Mathew J. , Peeper Daniel , Adams David J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDespite recent therapeutic advances in the management ofBRAFV600-mutant melanoma, there is still a compelling need for more effective treatments for patients who developedBRAF/NRASwild type disease. Since the activity of single targeted agents is limited by innate and acquired resistance, we performed a high-throughput drug screen using 180 drug combinations to generate over 18,000 viability curves, with the aim of identifying agents that synergise to killBRAF/NRASwild type melanoma cells. From this screen we observed strong synergy between the tyrosine kinase inhibitor nilotinib and MEK inhibitors and validated this combination in an independent cell line collection. We found that AXL expression was associated with synergy to the nilotinib/MEK inhibitor combination, and that both drugs work in concert to suppress pERK. This finding was supported by genome-wide CRISPR screening which revealed that resistance mechanisms converge on regulators of the MAPK pathway. Finally, we validated the synergy of nilotinib/trametinib combinationin vivousing patient-derived xenografts. Our results indicate that a nilotinib/MEK inhibitor combination may represent an effective therapy inBRAF/NRASwild type melanoma patients.
Global Land Use Implications of Dietary Trends: A Tragedy of the Commons
Authors: Rizvi Sarah , Pagnutti Chris , Bauch Chris T. , Anand Madhur 
Published: September 2017

AbstractGlobal food security and agricultural land management represent two urgent and intimately related challenges that humans must face in the coming decades. Here, we quantify the changes in the global agricultural land footprint if the world were to adhere to the dietary guidelines put forth by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), while accounting for the land use change incurred by import/export required to meet those guidelines. We analyze data at country, continent, and global levels. USDA guidelines are viewed as an improvement on the current land-intensive diet of the average American, but despite this our results show that global adherence to USDA guidelines would require up to 1 gigahectare of additional agricultural land--roughly the size of Canada. The results also show a strong divide between Eastern and Western hemispheres. Because countries increasingly import most of their food, meeting USDA guidelines could cause a Tragedy of the Commons, where self-interested actors race to over-exploit the shared resource of global agricultural lands. National dietary guidelines and practices thus need to be coordinated internationally in order to spare our remaining natural lands, in much the same way that countries are coordinating greenhouse gas emissions.