bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Active and passive sexual roles that arise in Drosophila male-male courtship are modulated by dopamine levels in PPL2ab neurons
Authors: Chen Shiu-Ling , Chen Yu-Hui , Wang Chuan-Chan , Yu Yhu-Wei , Tsai Yu-Chen , Hsu Hsiao-Wen , Wu Chia-Lin , Wang Pei-Yu , Chen Lien-Cheng , Lan Tsuo-Hung , Fu Tsai-Feng 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe neurology of male sexuality has been poorly studied owing to difficulties in studying brain circuitry in humans. Dopamine (DA) is essential for both physiological and behavioural responses, including the regulation of sexuality. Previous studies have revealed that alterations in DA synthesis in dopaminergic neurons can induce male-male courtship behaviour, while increasing DA levels in the protocerebral posteriolateral dopaminergic cluster neuron 2ab (PPL2ab) may enhance the intensity of male courtship sustainment in Drosophila. Here we report that changes in the ability of the PPL2ab in the central nervous system (CNS) to produce DA strongly impact male-male courtship in D. melanogaster. Intriguingly, the DA-synthesizing abilities of these neurons appear to affect both the courting activities displayed by male flies and the sex appeal of male flies for other male flies. Moreover, the observed male-male courtship is triggered primarily by target motion, yet chemical cues can replace visual input under dark conditions. This is interesting evidence that courtship responses in male individuals are controlled by PPL2ab neurons in the CNS. Our study provides insight for subsequent studies focusing on sexual circuit modulation by PPL2ab neurons.
Oral health in relation to all-cause mortality: the IPC cohort study
Authors: Adolph Margaux , Darnaud Christelle , Thomas Frédérique , Pannier Bruno , Danchin Nicolas , Batty G. David , Bouchard Philippe 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe evaluated the association between oral health and mortality. The study population comprised 76,188 subjects aged 16–89 years at recruitment. The mean follow-up time was 3.4 ± 2.4 years. Subjects with a personal medical history of cancer or cardiovascular disease and death by casualty were excluded from the analysis. A full-mouth clinical examination was performed in order to assess dental plaque, dental calculus and gingival inflammation. The number of teeth and functional masticatory units <5 were recorded. Causes of death were ascertained from death certificates. Mortality risk was evaluated using Cox regression model with propensity score calibrated for each oral exposure. All-cause mortality risk were raised with dental plaque, gingival inflammation, >10 missing teeth and functional masticatory units <5. All-cancer mortality was positively associated with dental plaque and gingival inflammation. Non-cardiovascular and non-cancer mortality were also positively associated with high dental plaque (HR = 3.30, [95% CI: 1.76–6.17]), high gingival inflammation (HR = 2.86, [95% CI: 1.71–4.79]), >10 missing teeth (HR = 2.31, [95% CI: 1.40–3.82]) and functional masticatory units <5 (HR = 2.40 [95% CI 1.55–3.73]). Moreover, when ≥3 oral diseases were cumulated in the model, the risk increased for all-cause mortality (HR = 3.39, [95% CI: 2.51–5.42]), all-cancer mortality (HR = 3.59, [95% CI: 1.23–10.05]) and non-cardiovascular and non-cancer mortality (HR = 4.71, [95% CI: 1.74–12.7]). The present study indicates a postive linear association between oral health and mortality.
Criticality-Enhanced Magnetocaloric Effect in Quantum Spin Chain Material Copper Nitrate
Authors: Xiang Jun-Sen , Chen Cong , Li Wei , Sheng Xian-Lei , Su Na , Cheng Zhao-Hua , Chen Qiang , Chen Zi-Yu 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this work, a systematic study of Cu(NO3)2·2.5 H2O (copper nitrate hemipentahydrate, CN), an alternating Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain model material, is performed with multi-technique approach including thermal tensor network (TTN) simulations, first-principles calculations, as well as magnetization measurements. Employing a cutting-edge TTN method developed in the present work, we verify the couplings J = 5.13 K, α = 0.23(1) and Landé factors g∥= 2.31, g⊥ = 2.14 in CN, with which the magnetothermal properties have been fitted strikingly well. Based on first-principles calculations, we reveal explicitly the spin chain scenario in CN by displaying the calculated electron density distributions, from which the distinct superexchange paths are visualized. On top of that, we investigated the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in CN by calculating its isentropes and magnetic Grüneisen parameter. Prominent quantum criticality-enhanced MCE was uncovered near both critical fields of intermediate strengths as 2.87 and 4.08 T, respectively. We propose that CN is potentially a very promising quantum critical coolant.
Phosphorylated eIF2α predicts disease-free survival in triple-negative breast cancer patients
Authors: Guo Liang , Chi Yayun , Xue Jingyan , Ma Linxiaoxi , Shao Zhiming , Wu Jiong 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPhosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (p-eIF2α), which functions as a marker of endoplasmic reticulum stress, has been reported to be associated with patient prognosis in various cancers. However, little is known about the prognostic value of p-eIF2α in breast cancer, particularly in different breast cancer subtypes. An immunohistochemistry screen for p-eIF2α was performed using a tissue microarray containing 233 tumors and paired peritumoral tissues from female patients diagnosed with breast cancer. The staining results were scored semiquantitatively, and the p-eIF2α expression level in breast cancer and its potential prognostic value were investigated. In this retrospective cohort study, we found that p-eIF2α levels were significantly upregulated in breast cancer (P < 0.001). p-eIF2α level was negatively correlated with lymph node status (P = 0.039). Survival analysis by Kaplan–Meier estimation and Cox regression showed that p-eIF2α level was correlated with better disease free survival (P = 0.026) and served as an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.046) in patients with triple-negative breast cancer. Our study revealed that p-eIF2α was upregulated in breast cancer and represented a novel predictor of prognosis in patients with triple-negative subtype.
The Intriguing Link between the Intestinal Microbiota and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Danese Elisa , Mattiuzzi Camilla , Favaloro Emmanuel , Lippi Giuseppe 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHuman microbiota is a term conventionally used to define the normal flora of microbes living in all of us, most of which are resident in the gastrointestinal tract. Despite it having been known for some time that the vast majority of intestinal bacteria exert a strong influence on human life, recent technologic breakthroughs have made it possible to more accurately characterize the host microbial communities and explore their relationship with many human diseases. Notably, the evidence accumulated over the past 10 years suggests that a reasonable relationship can now be established between gut microbiota composition and the risk of cardiovascular disease. The most convincing information comes from data generated by studies involving trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO)-producing bacteria. It seems now clear that these bacterial strains may actively contribute to increase the concentration of endogenous TMAO and consequently enhance the risk of ischemic and thrombotic disorders, so opening intriguing scenarios for effective prevention of cardiovascular disease by targeting the intestine by means of diet, probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, or even transplantation of gut microbes.
The Association between Regional Fat Distribution and Acute Mountain Sickness in Young Hikers
Authors: Dobrosielski Devon , Guadagno Michelle , Phan Phillip 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAcute mountain sickness (AMS) can occur upon rapid ascent from low to high altitude. This study examined the association between central adiposity and the development of AMS in young adults during a high-altitude hike. Total and regional body fat were measured at sea level using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Within 24 h of arriving in Cusco, Peru (3 400 meters) participants embarked on a 14-mile hike across the Andes Mountain range in southern Peru. Symptoms of AMS were assessed using the Lake Louise score at 24 h (3 400 meters), 29 h (4 100 meters), 34 h (3 800 meters) and 53 h (2 900 meters). 14 participants (mean age 21±2 years; women: 11, men: 3) completed the study. The number of participants exhibiting at least mild AMS increased from 6 (54%) at 3 400 meters to 9 (64%) at 3 800 meters. A higher AMS score at 4 100 meters was associated with greater android (r=0.72, p<0.01), trunk (r=0.73, p<0.01) and total body (r=0.71, p<0.01) fat, but not with total body fat % (r=0.39, p=0.16). Our findings suggest that central obesity, but not total body fat per se, may be an important factor in the development of AMS.
Dynamic cross-correlations between entangled biofilaments as they diffuse
Authors: Tsang Boyce , Dell Zachary E. , Jiang Lingxiang , Schweizer Kenneth S. , Granick Steve 
Published: March 2017

Significance
Highly entangled biofilaments are ubiquitous in the cytoskeleton and present a paradigm in polymer physics and biophysics. Here, rather than conventionally seeking to understand the self-diffusion of a single tagged entangled polymer we inquire into dynamic cross-correlations between nearby filaments as they diffuse anisotropically in aqueous solution. Our combined fluorescence tracking experiments and statistical mechanical modeling show that the continuum limit is reached only at distances beyond the filament length, in this system beyond the large distance of ≈15 µm. This noncontinuum behavior at micron-scale distance may be related to the “crowding” problem in biological function.
A national survey assessing the number of records allowed open in electronic health records at hospitals and ambulatory sites
Authors: Adelman Jason S , Berger Matthew A , Rai Amisha , Galanter William L , Lambert Bruce L , Schiff Gordon D , Vawdrey David K , Green Robert A , Salmasian Hojjat , Koppel Ross , Schechter Clyde B , Applebaum Jo R , Southern William N 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
To reduce the risk of wrong-patient errors, safety experts recommend limiting the number of patient records providers can open at once in electronic health records (EHRs). However, it is unknown whether health care organizations follow this recommendation or what rationales drive their decisions. To address this gap, we conducted an electronic survey via 2 national listservs. Among 167 inpatient and outpatient study facilities using EHR systems designed to open multiple records at once, 44.3% were configured to allow ≥3 records open at once (unrestricted), 38.3% allowed only 1 record open (restricted), and 17.4% allowed 2 records open (hedged). Decision-making centered on efforts to balance safety and efficiency, but there was disagreement among organizations about how to achieve that balance. Results demonstrate no consensus on the number of records to be allowed open at once in EHRs. Rigorous studies are needed to determine the optimal number of records that balances safety and efficiency.
Influence of Sex/Gender and Race on Responses to Raltegravir Combined With Tenofovir-Emtricitabine in Treatment-Naive Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Infected Patients: Pooled Analyses of the STARTMRK and QDMRK Studies
Authors: Squires Kathleen , Bekker Linda-Gail , Katlama Christine , Yazdanpanah Yazdan , Zhou Yan , Rodgers Anthony J. , DiNubile Mark J. , Sklar Peter A. , Leavitt Randi Y. , Teppler Hedy 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Background
Antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women and blacks merits particular scrutiny because these groups have been underrepresented in clinical trials.

Methods
To document the effects of raltegravir across sex and racial lines, we conducted a pooled subgroup analysis of the efficacy and safety of raltegravir 400 mg BID plus tenofovir-emtricitabine by sex (women vs men) and self-identified race (black vs non-black) using phase 3 studies in treatment-naive patients.

Results
Study participants included 42 black women, 102 non-black women, 48 black men, and 477 non-black men. Clade B infections were less common in women (43.8%) than men (84.6%) and in blacks (45.6%) than non-blacks (80.5%). Baseline CD4 counts were ≤200 cells/µL in 52.2% of blacks and 31.6% of non-blacks. Black men had the largest proportion of patients with baseline CD4 counts &lt;50 cells/µL and the highest nontreatment-related discontinuation rate among the 4 sex-by-race subgroups. Human immunodeficiency virus-ribonucleic acid levels &lt;50 copies/mL were achieved at week 48 in 92.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 80.1–98.5) of black women, 93.6% (95% CI, 86.6–97.6) of non-black women, 82.9% (95% CI, 67.9–92.8) of black men, and 91.4% (95% CI, 88.4–93.8) of non-black men. Serious clinical adverse events were reported in 9.0% of women versus 8.8% of men and in 11.1% of blacks versus 8.5% of non-blacks.

Conclusions
In this post hoc analysis of patients with previously untreated HIV-1 infection receiving raltegravir plus tenofovir-emtricitabine, generally comparable results were achieved across sex and racial subgroups. However, black men had a lower response rate than either black women or non-black men, partially attributable to lower baseline CD4 counts and higher discontinuation rates.
Innovations in mental health promotion: Youth Net/Réseau Ado
Authors: Manion Ian G , Davidson Simon , Norris Christina , Brandon Sarah 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Today's youth are at a disturbingly high risk for mental health and illness problems and are largely dissatisfied with the existing mental health services. Youth Net/Réseau Ado (YN/RA), supported by input from mental health professionals, is a bilingual mental health promotion program that seeks out the opinions and attitudes of youth regarding mental health and illness issues, while connecting them with appropriate resources and mental health services. This paper describes the Youth Net/Réseau Ado program and provides some guidelines for the identification of mental health and illness problems, including indicators of the risk of suicide.
Comparison of the Berg Balance Scale and the Mini-BESTest for Assessing Balance in Ambulatory People With Spinal Cord Injury: Validation Study
Authors: Jørgensen Vivien , Opheim Arve , Halvarsson Alexandra , Franzén Erika , Roaldsen Kirsti Skavberg 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Background. The Berg Balance Scale (BBS) has several constraints—ceiling effect, low responsiveness, and uncertain predictability of falls—in neurological populations. The Mini-BESTest, which has not yet been validated in spinal cord injury (SCI) populations, has shown no ceiling effect, slightly better responsiveness, and could in some neurological populations predict falls.
Objective. Validate and compare psychometric performances of the BBS and Mini-BESTest in individuals with chronic SCI.
Design. Cross-sectional validation study.
Methods. Forty-six individuals able to walk 10 meters (85% American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale grade D) with mean age of 55±17 years and median 7 years (range: 1–41) postinjury were included. Floor/ceiling effects were inspected; internal consistency, construct validity, and receiver operating characteristics were analyzed.
Results. The Mini-BESTest had no ceiling effect; 28% of participants achieved the maximum score on the BBS. Both scales showed excellent internal consistency (α &gt; .93). Strong correlations between both scales (rs = 0.90, P &lt; .001) and between both scales and Timed Up and Go (rs &gt; .70), Spinal Cord Independence Measure-mobility items (rs &gt; .80), and 10-Meter Walk Test (rs &gt; .80) support high construct validity. Both scales could differentiate community walkers without walking aids from participants using aids (AUC &gt; .86) and individuals with low/high concerns about falling (AUC &gt; 0.79) but not recurrent (&gt;2 falls/year) and infrequent fallers (AUC &lt; 0.55). The BBS and Mini-BESTest separated 2 and more than 3 different levels of balance control, respectively.
Limitations. Small sample.
Conclusions. Both the BBS and Mini-BESTest were found to be valid scales for assessing balance control in individuals with chronic SCI. The Mini-BESTest may be preferable for this group primarily due to the lack of a ceiling effect.
New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in the Critically Ill*
Authors: Moss Travis J. , Calland James Forrest , Enfield Kyle B. , Gomez-Manjarres Diana C. , Ruminski Caroline , DiMarco John P. , Lake Douglas E. , Moorman J. Randall 
Published: March 2017

Objective:
To determine the association of new-onset atrial fibrillation with outcomes, including ICU length of stay and survival.

Design:
Retrospective cohort of ICU admissions. We found atrial fibrillation using automated detection (≥ 90 s in 30 min) and classed as new-onset if there was no prior diagnosis of atrial fibrillation. We identified determinants of new-onset atrial fibrillation and, using propensity matching, characterized its impact on outcomes.

Setting:
Tertiary care academic center.

Patients:
A total of 8,356 consecutive adult admissions to either the medical or surgical/trauma/burn ICU with available continuous electrocardiogram data.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
From 74 patient-years of every 15-minute observations, we detected atrial fibrillation in 1,610 admissions (19%), with median burden less than 2%. Most atrial fibrillation was paroxysmal; less than 2% of admissions were always in atrial fibrillation. New-onset atrial fibrillation was subclinical or went undocumented in 626, or 8% of all ICU admissions. Advanced age, acute respiratory failure, and sepsis were the strongest predictors of new-onset atrial fibrillation. In propensity-adjusted regression analyses, clinical new-onset atrial fibrillation was associated with increased hospital mortality (odds ratio, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.01–2.63) and longer length of stay (2.25 d; CI, 0.58–3.92). New-onset atrial fibrillation was not associated with survival after hospital discharge (hazard ratio, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.76–1.28 and hazard ratio, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.67–1.83, respectively, for subclinical and clinical new-onset atrial fibrillation).

Conclusions:
Automated analysis of continuous electrocardiogram heart rate dynamics detects new-onset atrial fibrillation in many ICU patients. Though often transient and frequently unrecognized, new-onset atrial fibrillation is associated with poor hospital outcomes.
Solitary Large Keratoacanthomas of the Head and Neck: An Observational Study
Authors: Rossi Anthony M. , Park Brian , Qi Bernice , Lee Erica H. , Busam Klaus J. , Nehal Kishwer S. 
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUND
Solitary large keratoacanthomas (KAs) of the head and neck present a management dilemma, as no reliable means to predict the clinical course is available. Although typically considered a low-grade tumor, KAs are reported to invade/metastasize, prompting more aggressive treatment. There is little published regarding factors that predict when a KA behaves more like an aggressive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

OBJECTIVE
To study the clinical and pathologic features of large solitary head and neck KAs and assess response to intralesional methotrexate (IL-MTX) as well as predictors of clinical course.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
An observation study of 14 patients with large solitary head and neck KAs were treated with IL-MTX and then excised by Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) at a later time point. Clinical presentation, treatment, response, and pathology were recorded. Features of classic KAs were compared with those with an aggressive SCC course.

RESULTS
Ten of fourteen lesions responded with necrosis, a decrease in size and/or pain, and histological clearance on MMS. However, 4/14 lesions continued to have progression despite IL-MTX therapy. These showed persistent pain, perineural invasion, moderate/poor differentiation, and an infiltrative growth.

LIMITATIONS
Small sample size.

CONCLUSION
Significant pain, or continued growth may suggest an underlying aggressive SCC in clinically classic large KAs. In these cases, surgical management with assessment for high-risk tumor features is recommended.
An Electronic Health Record–based Intervention to Promote Hepatitis C Virus Testing Among Adults Born Between 1945 and 1965
Authors: Federman Alex D. , Kil Natalie , Kannry Joseph , Andreopolous Evie , Toribio Wilma , Lyons Joanne , Singer Mark , Yartel Anthony , Smith Bryce D. , Rein David B. , Krauskopf Katherine 
Published: March 2017

Background:
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends one-time hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody testing for “Birth Cohort” adults born during 1945–1965.

Objective:
To examine the impact of an electronic health record (EHR)-embedded best practice alert (BPA) for HCV testing among Birth Cohort adults.

Design:
Cluster-randomized trial was conducted from April 29, 2013 to March 29, 2014.

Subjects and Setting:
Ten community and hospital-based primary care practices. Participants were attending physicians and medical residents during 25,620 study-eligible visits.

Intervention:
Physicians in all practices received a brief introduction to the CDC testing recommendations. At visits for eligible patients at intervention sites, physicians received a BPA through the EHR to order HCV testing or medical assistants were prompted to post a testing order for the physician. Physicians in control sites did not receive the BPA.

Main Outcomes:
HCV testing; the incidence of HCV antibody positive tests was a secondary outcome.

Results:
Testing rates were greater among Birth Cohort patients in intervention sites (20.2% vs. 1.8%, P<0.0001) and the odds of testing were greater in intervention sites after controlling for imbalances of patient and visit characteristics between comparison groups [odds ratio (OR), 9.0; 95% confidence interval, 7.6–10.7). The adjusted OR of identifying HCV antibody positive patients was also greater in intervention sites (OR, 2.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.3–11.2).

Conclusions:
An EHR-embedded BPA markedly increased HCV testing among Birth Cohort patients, but the majority of eligible patients did not receive testing indicating a need for more effective methods to promote uptake.
Sternal Development and Variations and Anomalies in Patients With Microtia: Evaluation Using 3-Dimensional Computed Tomography
Authors: Yang MeiRong , Jiang Haiyue , Yu Xiaobo , Chen Weiwei , Li Qingsong , Zhang Ye , Pan Bo 
Published: March 2017

Objective
The objectives of this study were to evaluate sternal development and variations in patients with microtia and to identify the incidence of congenital sternal anomalies and then to investigate the interaction between microtia and sternal anomalies.

Methods
A total of 212 consecutive patients received a preoperative 3-dimensional chest computed tomography. A retrospective study was performed with the clinical and imaging data from November 2014 to July 2015. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, Spearman analysis, χ2 test, and Fisher χ2 test were performed for statistics analysis.

Results
We evaluated the ossification centers and developmental variations in the manubrium and body, as well as the xiphoid process, manubriosternal and sternoxiphoidal fusion, and sternal anomalies. Significant variations were observed from person to person. Sternal foramen was detected in 6 male patients (2.8%). All foramina were located in the inferior part of the body. Sternal cleft was observed in 4 cases (1.9%), of which 2 were accompanied by a foramen in the distal part of the sternum.

Conclusions
The development of the different components of the sternum is a process with wide variation among patients with microtia. A different distribution of mesosternal types I to II among our population age range was found, and the incidence of sternal foramina was lower in patients with microtia.