bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrography of Gourikere pond of Siddapur, Karnataka
Authors: Kumar Vasanth , Roopa S.V , Gangadhar B.K 
Published: November 2017

Present work was pertaining to studies conducted at one lentic perinial water body at Talaguppa viz., Gourikere pond Tq:Sagar Karnataka. The period of study undertaken it one year from May - 2007 to April - 2008. This study is intended to monitor the water quality of Gourikere pond of Talaguppa, Sagar Tq: Shimoga District and also helpful for using this water for making fisheries activity. The present investigation encompassed collection of data pertaining to various aspects such as meteorological condition, physicochemical parameter of water body of Gourikere pond. Air and surface water temperatures varied from 29.7oC to 37.5oC and from 20.6oC – 24.8oC. And the pH ranged between 8.1 to 9.1. Variation in dissolved oxygen content was from 6.4 mg/l to 10.8 mg/l and variation in CO2 was observed from 7.4 mg/l to 12.00 mg/l. Concentrations of nutrients viz. nitrates (0.69 mg/l to1.30 mg/l), phosphates (0.30 mg/l to 0.63 mg/l) Magnesium (11.79 mg/l to 88.64 mg/l) sulphate (2.45 mg/l to 5.16 mg/l) Calcium (33.41 to 138.10mg/l), also varied independently. The results of the study revealed that hydrographical conditions fluctuated moderately throughout the year. Keywords: Physico-chemical parameters, lentic, Nutrients, Gourikere pond.
Zooplankton diversity and abundance of mangrove ecosystem of Kali estuary, Karwar, west coast of India
Authors: Kumar Vasanth , Roopa S.V , Gangadhar B.K 
Published: November 2017

The present study conducted at the mangrove ecosystem of Kali estuary. Samples were collected from the three fixed stations for the period of thirteen months from January 2008 to January 2009 at regular monthly interval to identify and quantify the abundance, taxonomy and relative ratio of phytoplankton and zooplankton. In the present study of species diversity of zooplankton groups in the mangrove area, composed of twelve groups comprising fifty two species major share comes from the copepods which comprises about seventeen species. Protozoa taxa comprised by five species, coelenterata and cladocera by two species each, ctenophore comprised by single species whereas the larval forms comprised by fourteen species. Keywords: Zooplankton, Diversity, Abundance, Estuary, Mangrove, Karwar.
Propuesta de elaboración de un plan de vigilancia para la Norma Secundaria de Calidad Ambiental para la cuenca del rio Itata, Región del Biobío.
Authors: Pozo Katerine Pozo 
Published: November 2017

En el presente trabajo se elaboró una propuesta de plan de vigilancia, para la Norma Secundaria de Calidad Ambiental para la cuenca del río Itata, la cual incorpora a la normativa nacional de recursos hídricos el ámbito ecológico. Utilizando la información disponible en la base de datos de CONAMA Biobío y DGA se realizó un análisis espacial de la red de monitoreo DGA emplazada en la cuenca mediante el software ArcGis 9.2, y el respectivo análisis estadístico mediante ACP. Además de la integración de índices biológicos en la evaluación de calidad de agua, los cuales son; índices bióticos ChIBF y ChSIGNAL dado que han sido aplicados en trabajos realizados a ríos de la cuenca y ríos de las mismas características biogeográficas. Los índices de calidad de bosque de ribera (QBR) y hábitat fluvial (IHF), dado que un buen estado del entorno natural incide de manera decisiva en la calidad ecológica del cauce en términos de calidad de agua y biota asociada. Buscando introducir la bioindicación en la evaluación de calidad de agua, con el fin de proteger y conservar el componente ambiental del recurso hídrico, el cual es el objetivo de la Norma Secundaria de Calidad Ambiental. Palabras claves: Norma secundaria, plan de vigilancia, bioindicacion, calidad de agua.
Assessment of gender differentials in economic and technical efficiency of poultry egg, a case study in Lagos State, Nigeria.
Authors: Odunlami Hafis , Okuneye Peter Adebola , Shittu Musekiku Adebayo , Sanusi Ajani R. , Eledgbede Issa Olalekan , Kies Fatima 
Published: November 2017

Gender has been seen as an important factor in the distribution and utilization of productive resources worldwide. In the agricultural sector, gender differential could influence the sourcing and efficient utilization of factors of production, particularly in the livestock sub-sector of the economy. This study assessed the gender differentials in economic and technical efficiency of poultry eggs production in Lagos State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was used to select respondent poultry farmers. The first and second stages were the purposive selection of five Local Government Areas (LGAs) reputed for poultry production and farm settlements in the state. The third stage involved a simple random sampling of 150 poultry farms consisting of 75 farms each managed by a male and a female Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA). The SFA revealed that for male management of poultry egg farms, labour input (p<0.01) and cost of medications (p<0.05) increased the poultry egg output. On the other hand, for female management, stock of birds (p<0.01), labour input (p<0.01) and feed cost (p<0.01) were the factors that increased poultry eggs output. The inefficiency model revealed that male farmers were more technically efficient (p<0.01) than female counterparts. Female managed poultry farms had less productivity (0.90) compared to males(1.22). However, 88.1% of male farms compared to 86.7% of female farms had economic efficiency ratios between 0.29 and 0.79. The study concluded that gender had impact on poultry farmers’ efficiency in the study area. The study therefore recommended that training should be organised for female managed farms while male managed farms should utilize less of cost intensive capital input.Keywords: Agricultural resource, poultry production, sustainable livestock, Multistage sampling technique, Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA)
REY‐Th‐U Solute Dynamics in the Critical Zone: Combined Influence of Chemical Weathering, Atmospheric Deposit Leaching, and Vegetation Cycling (Mule Hole Watershed, South India)
Authors: Braun Jean‐Jacques , Riotte Jean , Battacharya Shrema , Violette Aurélie , Prunier Jonathan , Bouvier Vincent , Candaudap Frédéric , Maréchal Jean‐Christophe , Ruiz Laurent , Panda Smruthi Rekha , Subramanian S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe source and proportion of REY, Th, and U exported by groundwater and by the ephemeral stream along with the elemental proportions passing through vegetation have been assessed in the subhumid tropical forested CZO of Mule Hole, Southern India. The study relies on a pluriannual hydrogeochemical monitoring combined with a hydrological model. The significant difference between the soil input (SI) and output (SO) solute fluxes (mmol/km2/yr) of LREE (SI‐SO = 13,250‐1,500), HREE (1,930‐235), Th (64‐12), and U (63‐25) indicates a strong uptake by roots carried by canopy and forest floor processes. The contribution of atmospheric dust leaching can reach about 60% of LREE and 80% of HREE. At the watershed scale, the U solute flux exported by groundwater (180 mmol/km2/yr) mainly originates from the breakdown of primary U‐bearing accessory minerals and dominates by a factor of 25 the stream flux. The precipitation of authigenic U‐bearing phases and adsorption onto Fe‐oxides and oxyhydroxides play a significant role for limiting the U mobility. In the groundwater, the plagioclase chemical weathering is efficiently traced by the positive Eu‐anomaly. The very low (REY) to nil (Th) contents are explained by the precipitation of authigenic phases. In the stream flow, dominated by the overland flow (87% of the yearly stream flow), the solute exports (in mmol/km2/yr) of REY (1,080 for LREE and 160 for HREE) and of Th (14) dominate those by groundwater. Their mobility is enhanced by chelation with organic ligands produced by forest floor and canopy processes.
Earthquakes as Precursors of Ductile Shear Zones in the Dry and Strong Lower Crust
Authors: Menegon L. , Pennacchioni G. , Malaspina N. , Harris K. , Wood E. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe rheology and the conditions for viscous flow of the dry granulite facies lower crust are still poorly understood. Viscous shearing in the dry and strong lower crust commonly localizes in pseudotachylyte veins, but the deformation mechanisms responsible for the weakening and viscous shear localization in pseudotachylytes are yet to be explored. We investigated examples of pristine and mylonitized pseudotachylytes in anorthosites from Nusfjord (Lofoten, Norway). Mutual overprinting relationships indicate that pristine and mylonitized pseudotachylytes are coeval and resulted from the cyclical interplay between brittle and viscous deformation. The stable mineral assemblage in the mylonitized pseudotachylytes consists of plagioclase, amphibole, clinopyroxene, quartz, biotite, ± garnet ± K‐feldspar. Amphibole‐plagioclase geothermobarometry and thermodynamic modeling indicate that pristine and mylonitized pseudotachylytes formed at 650–750°C and 0.7–0.8 GPa. Thermodynamic modeling indicates that a limited amount of H2O infiltration (0.20–0.40 wt. %) was necessary to stabilize the mineral assemblage in the mylonite. Diffusion creep is identified as the main deformation mechanisms in the mylonitized pseudotachylytes based on the lack of crystallographic preferred orientation in plagioclase, the high degree of phase mixing, and the synkinematic nucleation of amphiboles in dilatant sites. Extrapolation of flow laws to natural conditions indicates that mylonitized pseudotachylytes are up to 3 orders of magnitude weaker than anorthosites deforming by dislocation creep, thus highlighting the fundamental role of lower crustal earthquakes as agents of weakening in strong granulites.
A Census of Atmospheric Variability From Seconds to Decades
Authors: Williams Paul D. , Alexander M. Joan , Barnes Elizabeth A. , Butler Amy H. , Davies Huw C. , Garfinkel Chaim I. , Kushnir Yochanan , Lane Todd P. , Lundquist Julie K. , Martius Olivia , Maue Ryan N. , Peltier W. Richard , Sato Kaoru , Scaife Adam A. , Zhang Chidong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis paper synthesizes and summarizes atmospheric variability on time scales from seconds to decades through a phenomenological census. We focus mainly on unforced variability in the troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere. In addition to atmosphere‐only modes, our scope also includes coupled modes, in which the atmosphere interacts with the other components of the Earth system, such as the ocean, hydrosphere, and cryosphere. The topics covered include turbulence on time scales of seconds and minutes, gravity waves on time scales of hours, weather systems on time scales of days, atmospheric blocking on time scales of weeks, the Madden–Julian Oscillation on time scales of months, the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation and El Niño–Southern Oscillation on time scales of years, and the North Atlantic, Arctic, Antarctic, Pacific Decadal, and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillations on time scales of decades. The paper serves as an introduction to a special collection of Geophysical Research Letters on atmospheric variability. We hope that both this paper and the collection will serve as a useful resource for the atmospheric science community and will act as inspiration for setting future research directions.
A Reconstruction of Subtropical Western North Pacific SST Variability Back to 1578, Based on a Porites Coral Sr/Ca Record from the Northern Ryukyus, Japan
Authors: Kawakubo Y. , Alibert C. , Yokoyama Y. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe present a seasonal reconstruction of sea surface temperature (SST) from 1578 to 2008, based on a Porites coral Sr/Ca record from the northern Ryukyus, within the Kuroshio southern recirculation gyre. Interannual SST anomalies are generally ~0.5°C, making Sr/Ca‐derived SST reconstructions a challenging task. Replicate measurements along adjacent coral growth axes, enabled by the laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry technique used here, give evidence of rather large uncertainties. Nonetheless, derived winter SST anomalies are significantly correlated with the Western Pacific atmospheric pattern which has a dominant influence on winter temperature in East Asia. Annual mean SSTs show interdecadal variations, notably cold intervals between 1670 and 1700 during the Maunder Minimum (MM) and between 1766 and 1788 characterized by a negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation. Cold summers in 1783 and 1784 coincide with the long‐lasting Laki eruption that had a profound impact on the Northern Hemisphere climate, including the severe “Tenmei” famine in Japan. The decades between 1855 and 1900 are significantly cooler than the first half of the twentieth century, while those between 1700 and 1765, following the MM, are warmer than average. SST variability in the Ryukyus is only marginally influenced by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, so that external forcing remains the main driver of low‐frequency temperature changes. However, the close connection between the Kuroshio extension (KE) and its recirculation gyre suggests that decadal SST anomalies associated with the KE front also impact the Ryukyus, and there is a possible additional role for feedback of the Kuroshio‐Oyashio variability to the large‐scale atmosphere at decadal timescale.
Monitoring Streambed Scour/Deposition Under Nonideal Temperature Signal and Flood Conditions
Authors: DeWeese Timothy , Tonina Daniele , Luce Charles 
Published: November 2017

AbstractStreambed erosion and deposition are fundamental geomorphic processes in riverbeds, and monitoring their evolution is important for ecological system management and in‐stream infrastructure stability. Previous research showed proof of concept that analysis of paired temperature signals of stream and pore waters can simultaneously provide monitoring scour and deposition, stream sediment thermal regime, and seepage velocity information. However, it did not address challenges often associated with natural systems, including nonideal temperature variations (low‐amplitude, nonsinusoidal signal, and vertical thermal gradients) and natural flooding conditions on monitoring scour and deposition processes over time. Here we addressed this knowledge gap by testing the proposed thermal scour‐deposition chain (TSDC) methodology, with laboratory experiments to test the impact of nonideal temperature signals under a range of seepage velocities and with a field application during a pulse flood. Both analyses showed excellent match between surveyed and temperature‐derived bed elevation changes even under very low temperature signal amplitudes (less than 1°C), nonideal signal shape (sawtooth shape), and strong and changing vertical thermal gradients (4°C/m). Root‐mean‐square errors on predicting the change in streambed elevations were comparable with the median grain size of the streambed sediment. Future research should focus on improved techniques for temperature signal phase and amplitude extractions, as well as TSDC applications over long periods spanning entire hydrographs.
Dosimetric effects of intrafractional isocenter variation during deep inspiration breath‐hold for breast cancer patients using surface‐guided radiotherapy
Authors: Kügele Malin , Edvardsson Anneli , Berg Lovisa , Alkner Sara , Andersson Ljus Carina , Ceberg Sofie 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate potential dose reductions to the heart, left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), and ipsilateral lung for left‐sided breast cancer using visually guided deep inspiration breath‐hold (DIBH) with the optical surface scanning system Catalyst™, and how these potential dosimetric benefits are affected by intrafractional motion in between breath holds. For both DIBH and free breathing (FB), treatment plans were created for 20 tangential and 20 locoregional left‐sided breast cancer patients. During DIBH treatment, beam‐on was triggered by a region of interest on the xiphoid process using a 3 mm gating window. Using a novel nonrigid algorithm, the Catalyst™ system allows for simultaneous real‐time tracking of the isocenter position, which was used to calculate the intrafractional DIBH isocenter reproducibility. The 50% and 90% cumulative probabilities and maximum values of the intrafractional DIBH isocenter reproducibility were calculated and to obtain the dosimetric effect isocenter shifts corresponding to these values were performed in the treatment planning system. For both tangential and locoregional treatment, the dose to the heart, LAD and ipsilateral lung was significantly reduced for DIBH compared to FB. The intrafractional DIBH isocenter reproducibility was very good for the majority of the treatment sessions, with median values of approximately 1 mm in all three translational directions. However, for a few treatment sessions, intrafractional DIBH isocenter reproducibility of up to 5 mm was observed, which resulted in large dosimetric effects on the target volume and organs at risk. Hence, it is of importance to set tolerance levels on the intrafractional isocenter motion and not only perform DIBH based on the xiphoid process.
A knowledge‐based approach to automated planning for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Yujie , Li Tingting , Xiao Han , Ji Weixing , Guo Ming , Zeng Zhaochong , Zhang Jianying 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPurposeTo build a knowledge‐based model of liver cancer for Auto‐Planning, a function in Pinnacle, which is used as an automated inverse intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) planning system.Methods and MaterialsFifty Tomotherapy patients were enrolled to extract the dose–volume histograms (DVHs) information and construct the protocol for Auto‐Planning model. Twenty more patients were chosen additionally to test the model. Manual planning and automatic planning were performed blindly for all twenty test patients with the same machine and treatment planning system. The dose distributions of target and organs at risks (OARs), along with the working time for planning, were evaluated.ResultsStatistically significant results showed that automated plans performed better in target conformity index (CI) while mean target dose was 0.5 Gy higher than manual plans. The differences between target homogeneity indexes (HI) of the two methods were not statistically significant. Additionally, the doses of normal liver, left kidney, and small bowel were significantly reduced with automated plan. Particularly, mean dose and V15 of normal liver were 1.4 Gy and 40.5 cc lower with automated plans respectively. Mean doses of left kidney and small bowel were reduced with automated plans by 1.2 Gy and 2.1 Gy respectively. In contrast, working time was also significantly reduced with automated planning.ConclusionsAuto‐Planning shows availability and effectiveness in our knowledge‐based model for liver cancer.
PbS/CdS Core–Shell Quantum Dots Suppress Charge Transfer and Enhance Triplet Transfer
Authors: Huang Zhiyuan , Xu Zihao , Mahboub Melika , Li Xin , Taylor Jordan W. , Harman W. Hill , Lian Tianquan , Tang Ming Lee 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA sub‐monolayer CdS shell on PbS quantum dots (QDs) enhances triplet energy transfer (TET) by suppressing competitive charge transfer from QDs to molecules. The CdS shell increases the linear photon upconversion quantum yield (QY) from 3.5 % for PbS QDs to 5.0 % for PbS/CdS QDs when functionalized with a tetracene acceptor, 5‐CT. While transient absorption spectroscopy reveals that both PbS and PbS/CdS QDs show the formation of the 5‐CT triplet (with rates of 5.91±0.60 ns−1 and 1.03±0.09 ns−1 respectively), ultrafast hole transfer occurs only from PbS QDs to 5‐CT. Although the CdS shell decreases the TET rate, it enhances TET efficiency from 60.3±6.1 % to 71.8±6.2 % by suppressing hole transfer. Furthermore, the CdS shell prolongs the lifetime of the 5‐CT triplet and thus enhances TET from 5‐CT to the rubrene emitter, further bolstering the upconverison QY.
Highly Selective Manganese(I)/Lewis Acid Cocatalyzed Direct C−H Propargylation Using Bromoallenes
Authors: Zhu Can , Schwarz Jonas Luca , Cembellín Sara , Greßies Steffen , Glorius Frank 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA manganese(I)/Lewis acid cocatalyzed direct C−H propargylation with high selectivity has been developed. BPh3 was discovered to not only promote the reactivity, but also enhance the selectivity. Secondary, tertiary, and even quaternary carbon centers at the propargylic position could be directly constructed. Both internal and terminal alkynes are easily accessible. The chirality was successfully transferred from an axially chiral allene to central chirality. The reactivity of the manganese catalyst in this reaction was found to be unique among transition metal catalysts.
Characterization of Porous Silica Materials with Water at Ambient Conditions. Calculating the Pore Size Distribution from the Excess Surface Work Disjoining Pressure Model
Authors: Georgi Nikolaj , Kolesnikov Andrei , Uhlig Hans , Möllmer Jens , Rückriem Michael , Schreiber Andreas , Adolphs Jürgen , Enke Dirk , Gläser Roger 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCharacterization of mesoporous materials today is routinely performed recording the adsorption isotherm of nitrogen at 77 K. The pore size distribution (PSD) can subsequently be determined using either thermodynamics or statistical mechanics based approaches. While nitrogen has evolved as the reference adsorptive, other gases are often used to extract more information from the isotherm. This contribution is focused on the calculation of a PSD from the water vapor isotherm. It is demonstrated that water adsorption provides accurate results comparable to the standard nitrogen adsorption.