bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motorized injector‐assisted intrascleral intraocular lens fixation
Authors: Hung Jia‐Horung , Wang Shih‐Hao , Teng Yu‐Ti , Hsu Sheng‐Min 
Published: February 2017

AbstractFor eyes with deficient capsular support, intraocular lens (IOL) implantation has long been a technical challenge. Recently, intrascleral fixation of the haptics of a three‐piece posterior chamber IOL has become a popular option. In this procedure, externalization of the leading haptic during IOL injection is a stressful step. We present a modified technique to improve the ease and safety of this step. Our modified technique involves IOL injection with a motorized injector with several important modifications described here. With these modifications, a surgeon can easily maintain the correct orientation of the IOL in a well‐controlled manner during IOL injection. The records of 13 patients who underwent this technique were retrospectively evaluated. Corrected‐distance visual acuity improved significantly after surgery (p < 0.05). No postoperative retinal detachment, endophthalmitis, IOL decentration, or vitreous hemorrhage was noted during the follow‐up period. In conclusion, the motorized injector‐assisted intrascleral IOL fixation technique is a safe and effective alternative to the conventional procedure. This technique makes the process of leading haptic externalization easier and more controllable.
Glucocorticoid receptor expression on circulating leukocytes differs between healthy male and female adults
Authors: Lu Kim D. , Radom-Aizik Shlomit , Haddad Fadia , Zaldivar Frank , Kraft Monica , Cooper Dan M. 
Published: February 2017

IntroductionThe glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a key receptor involved in inflammatory responses and is influenced by sex steroids. This study measured GR expression on circulating leukocyte subtypes in males and females.MethodsA total of 23 healthy adults (12 female) participated in this study. GR expression was measured in leukocyte subtypes using flow cytometry. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) gene expression of GR (NR3C1), GR β, TGF-β1 and 2, and glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsLeukocyte GR was lower in females, particularly in granulocytes, natural killer cells, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (p≤0.01). GR protein expression was different across leukocyte subtypes, with higher expression in eosinophils compared with granulocytes, T lymphocytes, and natural killer cells (p<0.05). There was higher gene expression of GR β in males (p=0.03).ConclusionsThis is the first study to identify sexual dimorphism in GR expression in healthy adults using flow cytometry. These results may begin to explain the sexual dimorphism seen in many diseases and sex differences in glucocorticoid responsiveness.
The Genres ofGuantánamo Diary: Postcolonial Reading and the War on Terror
Authors: Goyal Yogita 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis essay reads Mohamedou Ould Slahi’sGuantánamo Diary(2015) as an exemplary occasion to stage the dilemmas of postcolonial reading in the present, especially in relation to the global War on Terror declared by the United States after the 9/11 attacks. ReadingGuantánamo Diaryin relation to a genre it clearly seems to echo—the African American slave narrative—the essay argues that the analogy to slavery enables a deeper sense of the multiple and overlapping histories of race and empire but also obscures the transnational geography of detention signaled by Slahi as well as his damning comment on the failed project of postcolonial sovereignty. Showing how attention to questions of genre and their circulation across the globe illuminates the politics of terror and detention, the essay elaborates the possible ethics and aesthetics of postcolonial reading in the present.
Introduction: Postcolonial Reading Publics
Authors: Mukherjee Ankhi 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn this introduction to the special issue, “Postcolonial Reading Publics,” Mukherjee charts the history of reception of two texts, one a Bengali novel published in British India, the other a Shakespeare adaptation staged in twenty-first-century Kolkata, to examine the fortuitous ways in which reading publics baffle or exceed authorial intention and the given text’s addressable objects. Offering summaries of and continuities among the four essays that constitute the volume, the introduction ends with an analysis of the salience of this discursive context for postcolonial writing, theory, and critique in a world literary frame.
Walking on their own legs: unassisted population growth of the agoutiDasyprocta leporina, reintroduced to restore seed dispersal in an Atlantic Forest reserve
Authors: Kenup Caio Fittipaldi , Sepulvida Raíssa , Kreischer Catharina , Fernandez Fernando A. S. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractReintroduction of locally extirpated species is an increasingly popular conservation tool. However, few initiatives focus on the restoration of ecological processes. In addition, many reintroductions fail to conduct post-release monitoring, hampering both assessment of their success and implementation of adaptive management actions. In 2009 a reintroduction effort was initiated to re-establish a population of the red-rumped agoutiDasyprocta leporina, a scatter-hoarding rodent known to be an important disperser of large seeds, with the aim of restoring ecological processes at Tijuca National Park, south-east Brazil. To assess whether this reintroduced population established successfully we monitored it using mark–resighting during November 2013–March 2015. Population size and survival were estimated using a robust design Poisson-log normal mixed-effects mark–resight model. By March 2015 the number of wild-born individuals fluctuated around 30 and overall growth of the population was positive. As the reintroduced population is capable of unassisted growth, we conclude that the reintroduction has been successful in the medium term. We recommend the cessation of releases, with efforts redirected to continued monitoring, investigation and management of possible threats to the species’ persistence, and to quantification of the re-establishment of ecological processes. Reintroduction ofD. leporinapopulations can be a cost-effective tool to restore ecological processes, especially seed dispersal, in Neotropical forests.
Intertwinement of Legal Spaces in the Transnational Legal Sphere
Authors: BURCHARDT DANA 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis article analyzes the interactions between norms formally stemming from different orders and regimes so as to demonstrate how and to what extent the legal spaces composing the transnational legal sphere are intertwined. Furthermore, it addresses the consequences of the intertwinement and suggests a fresh approach to the traditional concept of legal orders: it stresses a norm-centered rather than system-centered understanding of the transnational legal sphere. It argues for a norm-based strategy in order to understand the phenomenon of intertwinement, analytically deducing the relationship of the legal orders from the relationship of the legal norms.
Forbidden Hypermatrices Imply General Bounds on Induced Forbidden Subposet Problems
Authors: METHUKU ABHISHEK , PÁLVÖLGYI DÖMÖTÖR 
Published: February 2017

We prove that for every posetP, there is a constantCPsuch that the size of any family of subsets of {1, 2, . . .,n} that does not containPas an induced subposet is at most$$C_P{\binom{n}{\lfloor\gfrac{n}{2}\rfloor}},$$settling a conjecture of Katona, and Lu and Milans. We obtain this bound by establishing a connection to the theory of forbidden submatrices and then applying a higher-dimensional variant of the Marcus–Tardos theorem, proved by Klazar and Marcus. We also give a new proof of their result.
Anomalous drainage of isolated superior caval vein to the left atrium: the oldest reported unrepaired case
Authors: Boutsikou Maria , Pennell Dudley J. , Nyktari Eva 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIsolated right superior caval vein drainage into the left atrium is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly usually presenting with hypoxaemia and cyanosis. Surgical repair is the definitive treatment for this condition. In this report, we present the case of a 72-year-old patient with uncorrected anomalous drainage of a right superior caval vein into the left atrium, first diagnosed in the 1960s. To the best of our knowledge, this is the oldest reported unrepaired case.
Dub3 inhibition suppresses breast cancer invasion and metastasis by promoting Snail1 degradation
Authors: Wu Yadi , Wang Yu , Lin Yiwei , Liu Yajuan , Wang Yifan , Jia Jianhang , Singh Puja , Chi Young-In , Wang Chi , Dong Chenfang , Li Wei , Tao Min , Napier Dana , Shi Qiuying , Deng Jiong , Mark Evers B , Zhou Binhua P. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSnail1, a key transcription factor of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), is subjected to ubiquitination and degradation, but the mechanism by which Snail1 is stabilized in tumours remains unclear. We identify Dub3 as a bona fide Snail1 deubiquitinase, which interacts with and stabilizes Snail1. Dub3 is overexpressed in breast cancer; knockdown of Dub3 resulted in Snail1 destabilization, suppressed EMT and decreased tumour cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. These effects are rescued by ectopic Snail1 expression. IL-6 also stabilizes Snail1 by inducing Dub3 expression, the specific inhibitor WP1130 binds to Dub3 and inhibits the Dub3-mediating Snail1 stabilization in vitro and in vivo. Our study reveals a critical Dub3–Snail1 signalling axis in EMT and metastasis, and provides an effective therapeutic approach against breast cancer.
Molecular weaving via surface-templated epitaxy of crystalline coordination networks.
Authors: Wang Zhengbang , Błaszczyk Alfred , Fuhr Olaf , Heissler Stefan , Wöll Christof , Mayor Marcel 
Published: February 2017

AbstractOne of the dream reactions in polymer chemistry is the bottom-up, self-assembled synthesis of polymer fabrics, with interwoven, one-dimensional fibres of monomolecular thickness forming planar pieces of textiles. We have made a major step towards realizing this goal by assembling sophisticated, quadritopic linkers into surface-mounted metal-organic frameworks. By sandwiching these quadritopic linkers between sacrificial metal-organic framework thin films, we obtained multi-heteroepitaxial, crystalline systems. In a next step, Glaser–Hay coupling of triple bonds in the quadritopic linkers yields linear, interwoven polymer chains. X-ray diffraction studies revealed that this topochemical reaction leaves the MOF backbone completely intact. After removing the metal ions, the textile sheets can be transferred onto different supports and imaged using scanning electron microscopy and atomic-force microscopy. The individual polymer strands forming the two-dimensional textiles have lengths on the order of 200 nm, as evidenced by atomic-force microscopy images recorded from the disassembled textiles.
Usp9x regulates Ets-1 ubiquitination and stability to control NRAS expression and tumorigenicity in melanoma
Authors: Potu Harish , Peterson Luke F. , Kandarpa Malathi , Pal Anupama , Sun Hanshi , Durham Alison , Harms Paul W. , Hollenhorst Peter C. , Eskiocak Ugur , Talpaz Moshe , Donato Nicholas J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractETS transcription factors are commonly deregulated in cancer by chromosomal translocation, overexpression or post-translational modification to induce gene expression programs essential in tumorigenicity. Targeted destruction of these proteins may have therapeutic impact. Here we report that Ets-1 destruction is regulated by the deubiquitinating enzyme, Usp9x, and has major impact on the tumorigenic program of metastatic melanoma. Ets-1 deubiquitination blocks its proteasomal destruction and enhances tumorigenicity, which could be reversed by Usp9x knockdown or inhibition. Usp9x and Ets-1 levels are coincidently elevated in melanoma with highest levels detected in metastatic tumours versus normal skin or benign skin lesions. Notably, Ets-1 is induced by BRAF or MEK kinase inhibition, resulting in increased NRAS expression, which could be blocked by inactivation of Usp9x and therapeutic combination of Usp9x and MEK inhibitor fully suppressed melanoma growth. Thus, Usp9x modulates the Ets-1/NRAS regulatory network and may have biologic and therapeutic implications.
Magnetic routing of light-induced waveguides
Authors: Izdebskaya Yana , Shvedov Vladlen , Assanto Gaetano , Krolikowski Wieslaw 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAmong photofunctional materials that can be employed to control the propagation of light by modifying their properties, soft dielectrics such as nematic liquid crystals (NLCs) stand out for their large all-optical response. Through reorientation, the molecular distribution of NLCs can be modified by the electric field of light, permitting functional operations and supporting self-localized light beams or spatial optical solitons. To date, the generation and routing of such solitons have been limited by the boundary conditions employed to tailor the properties of NLCs in planar cells or capillaries. Here we report on spatial solitons in bulk NLCs with no lateral anchoring, where the application of an external magnetic field effectively controls the direction of propagation and the angular steering of the self-trapped wavepackets. Our results entail a completely new approach to the routing of self-localized beams and light-induced waveguides in three dimensions, without the usual limitations imposed by transverse boundary conditions.
Drive the Dirac electrons into Cooper pairs in SrxBi2Se3
Authors: Du Guan , Shao Jifeng , Yang Xiong , Du Zengyi , Fang Delong , Wang Jinghui , Ran Kejing , Wen Jinsheng , Zhang Changjin , Yang Huan , Zhang Yuheng , Wen Hai-Hu 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTopological superconductors are a very interesting and frontier topic in condensed matter physics. Despite the tremendous efforts in exploring topological superconductivity, its presence is however still under heavy debate. The Dirac electrons have been proven to exist on the surface of a topological insulator. It remains unclear whether and how the Dirac electrons fall into Cooper pairing in an intrinsic superconductor with the topological surface states. Here we show the systematic study of scanning tunnelling microscope/spectroscopy on the possible topological superconductor SrxBi2Se3. We first demonstrate that only the intercalated Sr atoms can induce superconductivity. Then we show the full superconducting gaps without any in-gap density of states as expected theoretically for a bulk topological superconductor. Finally, we find that the surface Dirac electrons will simultaneously condense into the superconducting state within the superconducting gap. This vividly demonstrates how the surface Dirac electrons are driven into Cooper pairs.
Study of radiative heat transfer in Ångström- and nanometre-sized gaps
Authors: Cui Longji , Jeong Wonho , Fernández-Hurtado Víctor , Feist Johannes , García-Vidal Francisco J. , Cuevas Juan Carlos , Meyhofer Edgar , Reddy Pramod 
Published: February 2017

AbstractRadiative heat transfer in Ångström- and nanometre-sized gaps is of great interest because of both its technological importance and open questions regarding the physics of energy transfer in this regime. Here we report studies of radiative heat transfer in few Å to 5 nm gap sizes, performed under ultrahigh vacuum conditions between a Au-coated probe featuring embedded nanoscale thermocouples and a heated planar Au substrate that were both subjected to various surface-cleaning procedures. By drawing on the apparent tunnelling barrier height as a signature of cleanliness, we found that upon systematically cleaning via a plasma or locally pushing the tip into the substrate by a few nanometres, the observed radiative conductances decreased from unexpectedly large values to extremely small ones—below the detection limit of our probe—as expected from our computational results. Our results show that it is possible to avoid the confounding effects of surface contamination and systematically study thermal radiation in Ångström- and nanometre-sized gaps.
Climatically sensitive transfer of iron to maritime Antarctic ecosystems by surface runoff
Authors: Hodson Andy , Nowak Aga , Sabacka Marie , Jungblut Anne , Navarro Francisco , Pearce David , Ávila-Jiménez María Luisa , Convey Peter , Vieira Gonçalo 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIron supplied by glacial weathering results in pronounced hotspots of biological production in an otherwise iron-limited Southern Ocean Ecosystem. However, glacial iron inputs are thought to be dominated by icebergs. Here we show that surface runoff from three island groups of the maritime Antarctic exports more filterable (<0.45 μm) iron (6–81 kg km−2 a−1) than icebergs (0.0–1.2 kg km−2 a−1). Glacier-fed streams also export more acid-soluble iron (27.0–18,500 kg km−2 a−1) associated with suspended sediment than icebergs (0–241 kg km−2 a−1). Significant fluxes of filterable and sediment-derived iron (1–10 Gg a−1 and 100–1,000 Gg a−1, respectively) are therefore likely to be delivered by runoff from the Antarctic continent. Although estuarine removal processes will greatly reduce their availability to coastal ecosystems, our results clearly indicate that riverine iron fluxes need to be accounted for as the volume of Antarctic melt increases in response to 21st century climate change.
Chemomechanical modeling of lithiation-induced failure in high-volume-change electrode materials for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Sulin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe rapidly increasing demand for efficient energy storage systems in the last two decades has stimulated enormous efforts to the development of high-capacity, high-power, durable lithium ion batteries. Inherent to the high-capacity electrode materials is material degradation and failure due to the large volumetric changes during the electrochemical cycling, causing fast capacity decay and low cycle life. This review surveys recent progress in continuum-level computational modeling of the degradation mechanisms of high-capacity anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Using silicon (Si) as an example, we highlight the strong coupling between electrochemical kinetics and mechanical stress in the degradation process. We show that the coupling phenomena can be tailored through a set of materials design strategies, including surface coating and porosity, presenting effective methods to mitigate the degradation. Validated by the experimental data, the modeling results lay down a foundation for engineering, diagnosis, and optimization of high-performance lithium ion batteries.
Novel characteristics of the avian gyrovirus 2 genome
Authors: Yao Shuai , Gao Xiang , Tuo Tianbei , Han Chunyan , Gao Yulong , Qi Xiaole , Zhang Yanping , Liu Changjun , Gao Honglei , Wang Yongqiang , Wang Xiaomei 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAvian gyrovirus 2 (AGV2) was the second member of the viral genus Cyclovirus to be discovered. This virus poses a significant potential threat to humans and poultry due to its global dissemination and infectiousness. We used three overlapping polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) to map the whole genome of AGV2. We then modelled the evolutionary history of these novel sequence data in the context of related sequences from GenBank. We analysed the viral protein characteristics of the different phylogenetic groups and explored differences in evolutionary trends between Chinese strains and strains from other countries. We obtained 17 avian-sourced AGV2 whole genomes from different regions of China from 2015 to 2016. Phylogenetic analyses of these Chinese AGV2 sequences and related sequences produced four distinct groups (A–D) with significant bootstrap values. We also built phylogenies using predicted viral protein sequences. We found a potential hypervariable region in VP1 at sites 288–314, and we identified the amino acid changes responsible for the distinct VP2 and VP3 groups. Three new motifs in the AGV2 5′-UTR direct repeat (DR) region were discovered and grouped. The novel characteristics and diverse research on the AGV2 genome provide a valuable framework for additional research.
Human IDO-competent, long-lived immunoregulatory dendritic cells induced by intracellular pathogen, and their fate in humanized mice
Authors: Tyagi Rajeev K. , Miles Brodie , Parmar Rajesh , Garg Neeraj K. , Dalai Sarat K. , Baban Babak , Cutler Christopher W. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTargeting of myeloid-dendritic cell receptor DC-SIGN by numerous chronic infectious agents, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, is shown to drive-differentiation of monocytes into dysfunctional mDCs. These mDCs exhibit alterations of their fine-tuned homeostatic function and contribute to dysregulated immune-responses. Here, we utilize P. gingivalis mutant strains to show that pathogen-differentiated mDCs from primary human-monocytes display anti-apoptotic profile, exhibited by elevated phosphorylated-Foxo1, phosphorylated-Akt1, and decreased Bim-expression. This results in an overall inhibition of DC-apoptosis. Direct stimulation of complex component CD40 on DCs leads to activation of Akt1, suggesting CD40 involvement in anti-apoptotic effects observed. Further, these DCs drove dampened CD8+ T-cell and Th1/Th17 effector-responses while inducing CD25+Foxp3+CD127− Tregs. In vitro Treg induction was mediated by DC expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, and was confirmed in IDO-KO mouse model. Pathogen-infected & CMFDA-labeled MoDCs long-lasting survival was confirmed in a huMoDC reconstituted humanized mice. In conclusion, our data implicate PDDCs as an important target for resolution of chronic infection.
HIV cause-specific deaths, mortality, risk factors, and the combined influence of HAART and late diagnosis in Zhejiang, China, 2006–2013
Authors: Chen Lin , Pan Xiaohong , Ma Qiaoqin , Yang Jiezhe , Xu Yun , Zheng Jinlei , Wang Hui , Zhou Xin , Jiang Tingting , Jiang Jun , He Lin , Jiang Jianmin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTo examine patterns of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cause-specific deaths, risk factors, and the effect of interactions on mortality, we conducted a retrospective cohort study in Zhejiang, China, from 2006 to 2013. All data were downloaded from the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) Prevention and Control Information System. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess predictors of cause-specific death. The relative excess risk due to interaction and ratio of hazard ratios (RHR) were calculated for correlations between HAART, late diagnosis, and age. A total of 13,812 HIV/AIDS patients were enrolled with 31,553 person-years (PY) of follow-up. The leading causes of death of HIV patients were accidental death and suicide (21.5%), and the leading cause of death for those with AIDS was AIDS-defining disease (76.4%). Both additive and multiplicative scale correlations were found between receiving HAART and late diagnosis, with RERI of 5.624 (95% CI: 1.766–9.482) and RHR of 2.024 (95% CI: 1.167–2.882). The effects of HAART on AIDS-related mortalities were affected by late diagnosis. Early detection of HIV infection and increased uptake of HAART are important for greater benefits in terms of lives saved.