bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of strategies to minimize ecotoxic side‐effects of sorbent‐based sediment remediation
Authors: Han Zhantao , Abel Sebastian , Akkanen Jarkko , Werner David 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn situ sorbent amendment for persistent organic pollutant sequestration in sediment has over the past 15 years steadily progressed from bench‐scale trials to full‐scale remediation applications. Hindering a wider technology uptake are, however, concerns about ecotoxic side‐effects of the most commonly used sorbent, activated carbon, on sensitive, sediment dwelling organisms like Lumbriculus variegatus. Using River Tyne sediment polluted with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and L. variegatus as a case study, sorbent alternatives and magnetic sorbent‐recovery were investigated as potential engineering strategies to mitigate such ecotoxic side‐effects. The potential benefits of contacting the treated sediment with fresh River Tyne water, as would naturally occur over time in the intended applications, were studied.RESULTSMagnetic biochar was identified as an effective PAH sorbent with less ecotoxic side‐effects than magnetic activated carbon. After 85.1–100% magnetic recovery of this biochar, no ecotoxic side‐effects on L. variegatus were measurable in the treated sediment. Results show that ecotoxic effects of magnetic activated carbon can be alleviated through sorbent recovery. In contrast, contacting treated sediment repeatedly with River Tyne water had no measurable benefits.CONCLUSIONSMagnetic biochar is a promising sorbent material for the remediation of PAH polluted sediment. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Cationic imprinting of Pb(II) within composite networks based on bovine or fish chondroitin sulfate
Authors: Ferreira Vanessa R.A. , Azenha Manuel A. , Mêna M. Teresa , Moura Cosme , Pereira Carlos M. , Pérez‐Martín Ricardo I. , Vázquez José A. , Silva A. Fernando 
Published: February 2017

AbstractImprinting chondroitin sulfate (CS)/silica composites with Pb(II) and Cu(II) cations was explored with CS of bovine and different fish species origin. The process was based on the assumption that particular arrangements of the linear CS chains in aqueous solution, induced so as to accommodate cross complexation with the cations, would be embodied into a tridimensional matrix created through an organoalkoxysilane sol‐gel scheme. The presence of Cu(II) in the synthesis of the composites did not result in the production of significantly stronger Cu(II)‐oriented binding arrangements, and therefore, the imprinting was not successful. Inversely, for Pb(II), the materials obtained exhibited a “memory” effect for the Pb(II) ions, expressed in the observation of stronger (13%‐44%) binding as compared to the nonimprinted counterparts, and increased selectivity (1.5‐2 folds) against Cd(II). The imprinting features observed were dependent on the CS source. However, it was not possible to identify, among a set of their properties (carboxylate and sulfate abundance, percent of disulfated units, 4S/6S ratio, and molecular weight), any that correlated directly with the observed imprinting features. The augmented selectivity provided by the cation‐imprinting process may be advantageous in areas such as analytical separation, remediation, purification, sensing, and others, particularly in those cases where a certain cation is of special interest within a mixture of them.
Determination of oleanolic acid in human plasma and its association with olive oil intake in healthy Spanish adults within the EPIC Spain cohort study
Authors: Buckland Genevieve , Pastor Antoni , Lujan‐Barroso Leila , Gonzalez Carlos Alberto , Travier Noemie , Amiano Pilar , Huerta José María , Agudo Antonio , Navarro Carmen , Chirlaque María Dolores , Sánchez Maria‐José , Rodríguez‐Barranco Miguel , Barricarte Aurelio , Ardanaz Eva , Dorronsoro Miren , Molinuevo Amaia , Quirós José Ramón , de la Torre Rafael 
Published: February 2017

ScopeOleanolic acid (OA) is an important triterpenic compound found in olive oil, however little is known about its concentrations in human plasma. We aimed to determine plasma OA levels in a healthy Spanish population and compare them with estimates of dietary olive oil intake.Methods and resultsThe final study sample included 141 individuals randomly selected from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Spanish cohort. Dietary olive oil intake was estimated using validated dietary history questionnaires. OA concentrations were determined in plasma (from the participants’ stored blood samples) using a HPLC‐MS method. Correlation coefficients between OA and olive oil intake were calculated, adjusting for center; sex; age; consumption of olives, apples, grapes, and red wine; and fasting state. The mean OA concentration in olive oil nonconsumers was 0.72 ng/mL (SD 0.82), while in the high olive oil intake group it was 1.32 ng/mL (SD 1.14). The fully adjusted partial Spearman correlations coefficients reached 0.36 (p‐value < 0.001) overall, varying minimally by sex and fasting state.ConclusionThis is the first study providing steady‐state concentrations of triterpenes in humans. The results show that there was low‐to‐moderate correlation between OA concentrations and olive oil intake in this population.
miRNAs in human subcutaneous adipose tissue: Effects of weight loss induced by hypocaloric diet and exercise
Authors: Kristensen Malene M. , Davidsen Peter K. , Vigelsø Andreas , Hansen Christina N. , Jensen Lars J. , Jessen Niels , Bruun Jens M. , Dela Flemming , Helge Jørn W. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveObesity is central in the development of insulin resistance. However, the underlying mechanisms still need elucidation. Dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs; post‐transcriptional regulators) in adipose tissue may present an important link.MethodsThe miRNA expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue from 19 individuals with severe obesity (10 women and 9 men) before and after a 15‐week weight loss intervention was studied using genome‐wide microarray analysis. The microarray results were validated with RT‐qPCR, and pathway enrichment analysis of in silico predicted targets was performed to elucidate the biological consequences of the miRNA dysregulation. Lastly, the messenger RNA (mRNA) and/or protein expression of multiple predicted targets as well as several proteins involved in lipolysis were investigated.ResultsThe intervention led to upregulation of miR‐29a‐3p and miR‐29a‐5p and downregulation of miR‐20b‐5p. The mRNA and protein expression of predicted targets was not significantly affected by the intervention. However, negative correlations between miR‐20b‐5p and the protein levels of its predicted target, acyl‐CoA synthetase long‐chain family member 1, were observed. Several other miRNA‐target relationships correlated negatively, indicating possible miRNA regulation, including miR‐29a‐3p and lipoprotein lipase mRNA levels. Proteins involved in lipolysis were not affected by the intervention.ConclusionsWeight loss influenced several miRNAs, some of which were negatively correlated with predicted targets. These dysregulated miRNAs may affect adipocytokine signaling and forkhead box protein O signaling.
cis‐1,4‐specific carbocationic polymerization and copolymerization of 1,3‐dienes initiated by (S,S)‐bis(oxazolinylphenyl)amine chromium complexes
Authors: Huang Yingda , He Jianyun , Cai Guilong , Liu Zhanxiong , Li Tingting , Du Tingting , Zhang Shaowen , Yao Bo , Li Xiaofang 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTTwo new chiral (S,S)‐bis(oxazolinylphenyl)amine chromium dichloride complexes have been synthesized and structurally characterized. In combination with 2 equiv. of borate and an excess of AlR3, such Cr complexes serve as effective cationic initiators in the stereoregular carbocationic polymerization of 1,3‐dienes such as isoprene (IP) and myrcene (MY), affording cyclized cis‐1,4‐PIPs/PMys (cis‐1,4‐selectivity up to 96%) with cyclic sequence contents ranging from 26% to 87%. Moreover, these Cr initiator systems also exhibit an unprecedented control over sequence distribution of comonomers in the carbocationic copolymerization of IP and MY, preparing novel copolymers with different microstructures from mainly cyclized cis‐1,4‐specific statistical copolymers to cyclic olefin copolymers. The nature of Cr complex, borate, AlR3, temperature, molar ratio of comonomers has considerable effect on the (co)polymer's yield, stereoselectivity, cyclization, and comonomer sequence distribution. A plausible mechanism is suggested, which gives a new strategy for biomimetic synthesis of natural rubber. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 55, 1250–1259
Catalytic action of Mn‐superoxide dismutase in scavenging superoxide radical anion by double hydrogen abstraction from dihydrolipoic acid: A theoretical study
Authors: Kumar Prasad Ajit , Mishra Phool Chand 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe mechanism of scavenging superoxide radical anion (
) by dihydrolipoic acid (diLA) in absence and presence of the enzyme Manganese‐superoxide dismutase (Mn‐SOD) has been investigated using density functional theory. Mn‐SOD was modelled by a complex of a manganese cation (Mn2+) bonded to three similar molecules having a histidine ring each and a water molecule. It has been shown that the scavenging mechanism involves double hydrogen abstraction by
from different pairs of neighboring sites of diLA. It has been found that diLA alone cannot scavenge superoxide radical anions efficiently as the barrier energies involved in the reactions are very high. However, in presence of Mn‐SOD, owing to its catalytic action, the corresponding reactions become barrierless due to which superoxide radical anions would be scavenged highly efficiently. H2O2 formed from superoxide radical anion due to double hydrogen abstraction from diLA is scavenged by diLA alone barrierlessly without involving Mn‐SOD or any other catalyst.
Real‐time decomposition of three kinds of structural S‐boxes
Authors: Cui Ting , Liu Guo‐Qiang , Song Wei‐Tao 
Published: February 2017

AbstractS‐box is one of the most important components of modern cipher. For efficient implementation and to avoid a purely algebraic construction, utilizing special cipher structure and small‐size random permutation to design S‐boxes seems to be an attractive approach. In this paper, we focus on the structure‐recovery problem on three kinds of S‐boxes, that is, specify the inner transformations from the look‐up table, which allows a much more efficient hardware implementation. For a given n‐bit bijection, with introducing equivalent structures, we decompose it into three‐layer Feistel/MISTY/Lai–Massey within time complexity O(2n/2) and 2 − n/2 part of the full codebook. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predicting the behavior of attackers and the consequences of attacks against cyber‐physical systems
Authors: Orojloo Hamed , Abdollahi Azgomi Mohammad 
Published: February 2017

AbstractOne of the main challenges of the security of cyber‐physical systems (CPSs) is the lack of an efficient approach to evaluate the impacts of attacks on physical processes and their probabilities of occurrence. This paper proposes a method for evaluating the security of CPSs. By using the proposed method, one can predict the attacker's preferences in attacking CPSs and study the dynamic behavior of systems under security attacks. To deal with uncertainties in attacker's decision making to conduct attacks, the attack tree structure is used and parameterized with suitable fuzzy data. In the next step, the fuzzy technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution method is used to evaluate the model and predict the behavior of attackers. Besides, the dynamic behavior of CPSs under attacks is investigated by using the system's process model. The output of the model is a relative estimation of the security level of system based on suitable security metrics, such as the probability of attack scenarios, the time that the process is able to operate after conducting attack before shutting down (time‐to‐shutdown), and security risks. We illustrate the effectiveness of the method by comparing it with another attack tree‐based method. Furthermore, we present two illustrative examples and estimate the defined quantitative security measures. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expectancy‐value and children's science achievement: Parents matter
Authors: Thomas Julie A. , Strunk Kamden K. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis longitudinal study explored the ways parents’ and teachers’ expectancy for success influences 3rd–5th children's expectancy for success and achievement in science. Guided by an open‐systems perspective and functional (Ballantine & Roberts, 2007) and expectancy‐value (Eccles, 2005, 2007) theories, we focused on school related socialization processes and the role of parents and teachers in shaping children's abilities and skills. Participants included 153 children from 23 rural, Oklahoma schools and provided matched sets of parent, teacher, and child surveys. Weisgram and Bigler’ (2006) science self‐efficacy subscale organized survey items where wording changes allowed parallel parent and teacher versions of the scale. Achievement was determined by test scores on the state‐administered Oklahoma Core Curriculum Tests (OCCT). Results showed teachers’ expectancy for children's success in science did not significantly predict students’ fifth grade science achievement. However, regression analyses showed parents’ expectancy did predict students’ fifth grade science achievement. The relationship was statistically significant and explained about 19% of the variance in fifth grade science achievement test scores (R2 = 0.19). We further determined that children's science self‐efficacy significantly influenced science achievement scores (β = 0.20) (however, this was a far weaker influence than the direct effect of parents’ expectancy [β = 0.38] of children's success in science). The novel finding is that parents have an influence on children's achievement over and above children's own self‐efficacy beliefs about science. Clearly, parents matter when it comes to science achievement. Though it seems parents are more influential than teachers when it comes to children's own expectations and achievement success in elementary science, we encourage further consideration of parent expectancy as it relates to child ability and achievement, modified classroom strategies, and home–school relations to better align teachers’ positive influence on children's expectancy for success. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 54:693–712, 2017
Constant luminance (cd·s/m2) versus constant retinal illuminance (Td·s) stimulation in flicker ERGs
Authors: Davis C. Quentin , Kraszewska Olga , Manning Colette 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Purpose
To compare the effect of variable pupil size on the flicker electroretinogram (ERG) between a stimulus having constant luminance and a stimulus having constant retinal illuminance (constant Troland) that compensates for pupil size.

Methods
Subjects (n = 18) were tested with 12 pairs of the stimuli. The stimulus pair consisted of the ISCEV standard constant luminance stimulus (3 cd·s/m2 with a 30 cd/m2 background) and a constant retinal illuminance stimulus (32 Td·s with a 320 Td background) selected to provide the same stimulus and background when the pupil diameter is 3.7 mm. Half the subjects were artificially dilated, and their response was measured before and during the dilation. The natural pupil group was used to assess intra- and inter-subject variability. The artificially dilated group was used to measure the flicker ERG’s dependence on pupil size.

Results
With natural pupils, intra-subject variability was lower with the constant Troland stimulus, while inter-subject variability was similar between stimuli. During pupil dilation, the constant Troland stimulus did not have a dependence on pupil size up to 6.3 mm and had slightly larger amplitudes with longer implicit times for fully dilated pupils. For the constant luminance stimulus, waveform amplitudes varied by 22% per mm change in pupil diameter, or by 48% over the 2.2 mm diameter range measured in dilated pupil size. There was no difference in inter-subject variability between constant Troland natural pupils and the same subjects with a constant luminance stimulus when dilated (i.e., the ISCEV standard condition).

Conclusions
These results suggest that a constant Troland flicker ERG test with natural pupils may be advantageous in clinical testing. Because of its insensitivity to pupil size, constant Troland stimuli should produce smaller reference ranges, which in turn should improve the sensitivity for detection of abnormalities and for monitoring changes. In addition, the test can be administered more efficiently as it does not require artificial dilation.

Clinical Trial registration number

This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02466607).
Prediction of motivational impairment: 12-month follow-up of the randomized-controlled trial on extended early intervention for first-episode psychosis
Authors: Chang W.C. , Kwong V.W.Y. , Chan G.H.K. , Jim O.T.T. , Lau E.S.K. , Hui C.L.M. , Chan S.K.W. , Lee E.H.M. , Chen E.Y.H. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundAmotivation is prevalent in first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients and is a major determinant of functional outcome. Prediction of amotivation in the early stage of psychosis, however, is under-studied. We aimed to prospectively examine predictors of amotivation in FEP patients in a randomized-controlled trial comparing a 1-year extension of early intervention (Extended EI, 3-year EI) with step-down psychiatric care (SC, 2-year EI).MethodsOne hundred sixty Chinese patents were recruited from a specialized EI program for FEP in Hong Kong after they have completed this 2-year EI service, randomly allocated to Extended EI or SC, and followed up for 12 months. Assessments on premorbid adjustment, onset profiles, baseline symptom severity and treatment characteristics were conducted. Data analysis was based on 156 subjects who completed follow-up assessments.ResultsAmotivation at 12-month follow-up was associated with premorbid adjustment, allocated treatment condition, and levels of positive symptoms, disorganization, amotivation, diminished expression (DE) and depression at study intake. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that Extended EI and lower levels of DE independently predicted better outcome on 12-month amotivation.ConclusionOur findings indicate a potentially critical therapeutic role of an extended specialized EI on alleviating motivational impairment in FEP patients. The longer-term effect of Extended EI on amotivation merits further investigation.
Can video interventions be used to effectively destigmatize mental illness among young people? A systematic review
Authors: Janoušková M. , Tušková E. , Weissová A. , Trančík P. , Pasz J. , Evans-Lacko S. , Winkler P. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractVideo is considered to be an effective, easy to use tool employed in anti-stigma interventions among young people. Mass media has been shown to be effective for reducing stigma; however, there is insufficient evidence to determine the destigmatization effects of videos specifically. This article systematically reviews the effectiveness of video intervention in reducing stigma among young people between 13 and 25 years. We searched 13 electronic databases including randomized controlled trials, cluster randomized controlled trials, and controlled before and after studies. Of the 1426 abstracts identified, 23 studies (reported in 22 papers) met the inclusion criteria. Video interventions led to improvements in stigmatising attitudes. Video was found to be more effective than other interventions, such as classical face-to-face educational sessions or simulation of hallucinations. According to results of two studies, social contact delivered via video achieved similar destigmatization effect to that delivered via a live intervention. Although the quality of studies as well as the form of video interventions varied, the findings suggest that video is a promising destigmatization tool among young people; however, more studies in this area are needed. There was a lack of evidence for interventions outside of school environments, in low- and middle-income countries, and studies, which looked at long-term outcomes or measured impact on actual behaviour and implicit attitudes. The review generates recommendations for video interventions targeted at young people.
Aneurysm Tears Caused by an Aneurysm Clip Springing from the Clip Applier
Authors: Murai Yasuo , Shirokane Kazutaka , Kitamura Takao , Matano Fumihiro , Morita Akio 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe experienced two cases in which aneurysm clips sprang from the applier. In case 1, a subdural haematoma from a ruptured anterior cerebral artery aneurysm was detected. When the clip was opened for final positioning, it suddenly sprang from the applier and ruptured the aneurysm. In case 2, the clip suddenly sprang from the applier as the surgeon opened the applier to clip an unruptured anterior cerebral aneurysm. These accidental phenomena are rare but dangerous. We present these cases to help prevent similar occurrences in the future. Video recordings of actual procedures can point to potential mechanisms and help reduce the incidence of this complication.
How to Choose? Using the Delphi Method to Develop Consensus Triggers and Indicators for Disaster Response
Authors: Lis Rebecca , Sakata Vicki , Lien Onora 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo identify key decisions along the continuum of care (conventional, contingency, and crisis) and the critical triggers and data elements used to inform those decisions concerning public health and health care response during an emergency.MethodsA classic Delphi method, a consensus-building survey technique, was used with clinicians around Washington State to identify regional triggers and indicators. Additionally, using a modified Delphi method, we combined a workshop and single-round survey with panelists from public health (state and local) and health care coalitions to identify consensus state-level triggers and indicators.ResultsIn the clinical survey, 122 of 223 proposed triggers or indicators (43.7%) reached consensus and were deemed important in regional decision-making during a disaster. In the state-level survey, 110 of 140 proposed triggers or indicators (78.6%) reached consensus and were deemed important in state-level decision-making during a disaster.ConclusionsThe identification of consensus triggers and indicators for health care emergency response is crucial in supporting a comprehensive health care situational awareness process. This can inform the creation of standardized questions to ask health care, public health, and other partners to support decision-making during a response. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:467–472)