bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconciling Marriage and Care after Stroke
Authors: Anderson Sharon , Keating Norah , Wilson Donna 
Published: July 2017

RÉSUMÉLa plupart des recherches concernant les impacts des accidents vasculaires cérébraux (AVC) sur les couples ont été centrées sur la transition vers le rôle de soignant ou de bénéficiaire de soins. Même s’il est bien établi que la source principale du soutien dans les cas de maladies chroniques soit le mariage, il n’existe que peu de données sur les effets de ces soins, après un AVC, sur la relation maritale. Afin de combler cette lacune, nous avons réalisé une étude qualitative fondée sur une théorie à base empirique impliquant 18 couples dans lesquels l’un des époux avait subi un AVC. Les résultats ont mis en évidence deux thèmes étroitement liés en ce qui concerne la dynamique de couple : organiser les soins, un thème qui implique la découverte des problèmes dans la vie de tous les jours et leur prise en charge ; et repenser le mariage, un aspect qui nécessite la détermination du sens rattaché à la relation de couple dans un nouveau contexte caractérisé par des soins et des incapacités. Trois types du mariage se sont ressortis à partir de ces processus : la « reconfirmation » du mariage tel qu’il existait avant l’AVC ; la recalibration » du mariage autour des nouveaux soins ; et la « relation parallèle » — considérée comme « son mariage » à chacun des deux prtenaires. Ces résultats mettent en évidence la nécessité de considérer les dynamiques des relations, en plus des connaissances associées à l’AVC et aux soins.
Incidence of pneumonia in nursing home residents with dementia in the Netherlands: an estimation based on three differently designed studies
Authors: ZOMER T. P. , VAN DER MAADEN T. , VAN GAGELDONK-LAFEBER A. B. , DE GREEFF S. C. , VAN DER STEEN J. T. , VERHOEF L. 
Published: July 2017

SUMMARYPneumonia leads to considerable morbidity and mortality in nursing home residents with dementia. We assessed pneumonia incidence based on data from three different studies: (1) real-time national surveillance of healthcare-associated infections in nursing home residents in 2009–2015; (2) a randomized controlled trial in 2012–2015 to assess effects of a practical guideline in nursing home residents with dementia and pneumonia; and (3) a study in 2007–2010 to assess quality of dying in newly admitted nursing home residents with dementia. In national surveillance data, pneumonia incidence was calculated separately for psychogeriatric and somatic beds, as a proxy for residents with and without dementia. Weekly pneumonia incidence was significantly lower per 1000 psychogeriatric beds (3·9; 95% confidence interval (CI) 3·2–4·6) compared with 1000 somatic beds (5·7; 95% CI 5·1–6·3). Annual incidence per 1000 psychogeriatric beds was similar in national surveillance (range 78·9–117·1) and the trial (range 71·0–94·3), and significantly higher in newly admitted dementia residents (range 267·3–363·2). The incidence was highest during the first months after admission when compared with residents with longer stay. In conclusion, follow-up of pneumonia in newly admitted dementia residents may result in higher incidence, possibly due to higher risk in this population.
Retrospective Analysis of Mosh-Pit-Related Injuries
Authors: Milsten Andrew M. , Tennyson Joseph , Weisberg Stacy 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectivesMoshing is a violent form of dancing found world-wide at rock concerts, festivals, and electronic dance music events. It involves crowd surfing, shoving, and moving in a circular rotation. Moshing is a source of increased morbidity and mortality. The goal of this study was to report epidemiologic information on patient presentation rate (PPR), transport to hospital rate (TTHR), and injury patterns from patients who participated in mosh-pits.Materials and MethodsSubjects were patrons from mosh-pits seeking medical care at a single venue. The events reviewed were two national concert tours which visited this venue during their tour. The eight distinct events studied occurred between 2011 and 2014. Data were collected retrospectively from prehospital patient care reports (PCRs). A single Emergency Medical Service (EMS) provided medical care at this venue. The following information was gathered from each PCR: type of injury, location of injury, treatment received, alcohol or drug use, Advanced Life Support/ALS interventions required, age and gender, disposition, minor or parent issues, as well as type of activity engaged in when injured.ResultsAttendance for the eight events ranged from 5,100 to 16,000. Total patient presentations ranged from 50 to 206 per event. Patient presentations per ten thousand (PPTT) ranged from 56 to 130. The TTHR per 10,000 ranged from seven to 20. The mean PPTT was 99 (95% CI, 77-122) and the median was 98. The mean TTHR was 16 (95% CI, 12-29) and the median TTHR was 17. Patients presenting from mosh-pits were more frequently male (57.6%; P<.004). The mean age was 20 (95% CI, 19-20). Treatment received was overwhelmingly at the Basic Life Support (BLS) level (96.8%; P<.000001). General moshing was the most common activity leading to injury. Crowd surfing was the next most significant, accounting for 20% of presentations. The most common body part injured was the head (64% of injuries).ConclusionsThis retrospective review of mosh-pit-associated injury patterns demonstrates a high rate of injuries and presentations for medical aid at the evaluated events. General moshing was the most commonly associated activity and the head was the most common body part injured.MilstenAM, TennysonJ, WeisbergS, Retrospective analysis of mosh-pit-related injuries. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(6):636–641.
Investigating the effect of carbon leakage on the environmental Kuznets curve using luminosity data
Authors: Steinkraus Arne 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis paper studies the effect of carbon leakage on the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) using satellite nighttime light data. It shows that nighttime lighting is an important variable for estimating carbon dioxide emissions that is superior to other existing indicators and covers all countries in the world, finding evidence of an inverted-U shaped relationship between light and, thus, greenhouse gas emissions and income, with a turning point at approximately US$50,000. However, the relationship is primarily driven by changes in the structure of international trade, implying strong carbon leakage effects. Consequently, environmental regulations that become operative in only one part of the world may fail without global coordination.
Cobamide-mediated enzymatic reductive dehalogenation via long-range electron transfer
Authors: Kunze Cindy , Bommer Martin , Hagen Wilfred R. , Uksa Marie , Dobbek Holger , Schubert Torsten , Diekert Gabriele 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe capacity of metal-containing porphyrinoids to mediate reductive dehalogenation is implemented in cobamide-containing reductive dehalogenases (RDases), which serve as terminal reductases in organohalide-respiring microbes. RDases allow for the exploitation of halogenated compounds as electron acceptors. Their reaction mechanism is under debate. Here we report on substrate–enzyme interactions in a tetrachloroethene RDase (PceA) that also converts aryl halides. The shape of PceA’s highly apolar active site directs binding of bromophenols at some distance from the cobalt and with the hydroxyl substituent towards the metal. A close cobalt–substrate interaction is not observed by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Nonetheless, a halogen substituent para to the hydroxyl group is reductively eliminated and the path of the leaving halide is traced in the structure. Based on these findings, an enzymatic mechanism relying on a long-range electron transfer is concluded, which is without parallel in vitamin B12-dependent biochemistry and represents an effective mode of RDase catalysis.
A transcriptomics data-driven gene space accurately predicts liver cytopathology and drug-induced liver injury
Authors: Kohonen Pekka , Parkkinen Juuso A. , Willighagen Egon L. , Ceder Rebecca , Wennerberg Krister , Kaski Samuel , Grafström Roland C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPredicting unanticipated harmful effects of chemicals and drug molecules is a difficult and costly task. Here we utilize a ‘big data compacting and data fusion’—concept to capture diverse adverse outcomes on cellular and organismal levels. The approach generates from transcriptomics data set a ‘predictive toxicogenomics space’ (PTGS) tool composed of 1,331 genes distributed over 14 overlapping cytotoxicity-related gene space components. Involving ∼2.5 × 108data points and 1,300 compounds to construct and validate the PTGS, the tool serves to: explain dose-dependent cytotoxicity effects, provide a virtual cytotoxicity probability estimate intrinsic to omics data, predict chemically-induced pathological states in liver resulting from repeated dosing of rats, and furthermore, predict human drug-induced liver injury (DILI) from hepatocyte experiments. Analysing 68 DILI-annotated drugs, the PTGS tool outperforms and complements existing tests, leading to a hereto-unseen level of DILI prediction accuracy.
Microwave-free nuclear magnetic resonance at molecular scales
Authors: Wood James D. A. , Tetienne Jean-Philippe , Broadway David A. , Hall Liam T. , Simpson David A. , Stacey Alastair , Hollenberg Lloyd C. L. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe implementation of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) at the nanoscale is a major challenge, as the resolution of conventional methods is limited to mesoscopic scales. Approaches based on quantum spin probes, such as the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centre in diamond, have achieved nano-NMR under ambient conditions. However, the measurement protocols require application of complex microwave pulse sequences of high precision and relatively high power, placing limitations on the design and scalability of these techniques. Here we demonstrate NMR on a nanoscale organic environment of proton spins using the NV centre while eliminating the need for microwave manipulation of either the NV or the environmental spin states. We also show that the sensitivity of our significantly simplified approach matches that of existing techniques using the NV centre. Removing the requirement for coherent manipulation while maintaining measurement sensitivity represents a significant step towards the development of robust, non-invasive nanoscale NMR probes.
Heliosterpenoids A and B, two Novel Jatrophane-Derived Diterpenoids with a 5/6/4/6 Ring System from Euphorbia helioscopia
Authors: Mai Zhen-Peng , Ni Gang , Liu Yan-Fei , Li Li , Shi Guo-Ru , Wang Xin , Li Jia-Yuan , Yu De-Quan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHeliosterpenoids A and B (1 and 2), two unprecedented jatrophane-derived diterpenoid esters with a novel 5/6/4/6-fused tetracyclic ring skeleton, were isolated from the whole plants of Euphorbia helioscopia. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) analyses. The plausible biogenetic pathways of 1 and 2 were postulated. 1 and 2 were found to be potent inhibitors of P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) and 1 also exhibited cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 cell lines.
Emerging patterns of plasmid-host coevolution that stabilize antibiotic resistance
Authors: Stalder Thibault , Rogers Linda M. , Renfrow Chris , Yano Hirokazu , Smith Zachary , Top Eva M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMultidrug resistant bacterial pathogens have become a serious global human health threat, and conjugative plasmids are important drivers of the rapid spread of resistance to last-resort antibiotics. Whereas antibiotics have been shown to select for adaptation of resistance plasmids to their new bacterial hosts, or vice versa, a general evolutionary mechanism has not yet emerged. Here we conducted an experimental evolution study aimed at determining general patterns of plasmid-bacteria evolution. Specifically, we found that a large conjugative resistance plasmid follows the same evolutionary trajectories as its non-conjugative mini-replicon in the same and other species. Furthermore, within a single host–plasmid pair three distinct patterns of adaptive evolution led to increased plasmid persistence: i) mutations in the replication protein gene (trfA1); ii) the acquisition by the resistance plasmid of a transposon from a co-residing plasmid encoding a putative toxin-antitoxin system; iii) a mutation in the host’s global transcriptional regulator gene fur. Since each of these evolutionary solutions individually have been shown to increase plasmid persistence in other plasmid-host pairs, our work points towards common mechanisms of plasmid stabilization. These could become the targets of future alternative drug therapies to slow down the spread of antibiotic resistance.
Human Cochlear Histopathology Reflects Clinical Signatures of Primary Neural Degeneration
Authors: Sagers Jessica E. , Landegger Lukas D. , Worthington Steven , Nadol Joseph B. , Stankovic Konstantina M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAuditory neuropathy is a significant and understudied cause of human hearing loss, diagnosed in patients who demonstrate abnormal function of the cochlear nerve despite typical function of sensory cells. Because the human inner ear cannot be visualized during life, histopathological analysis of autopsy specimens is critical to understanding the cellular mechanisms underlying this pathology. Here we present statistical models of severe primary neuronal degeneration and its relationship to pure tone audiometric thresholds and word recognition scores in comparison to age-matched control patients, spanning every decade of life. Analysis of 30 ears from 23 patients shows that severe neuronal loss correlates with elevated audiometric thresholds and poor word recognition. For each ten percent increase in total neuronal loss, average thresholds across patients at each audiometric test frequency increase by 6.0 dB hearing level (HL). As neuronal loss increases, threshold elevation proceeds more rapidly in low audiometric test frequencies than in high frequencies. Pure tone average closely agrees with word recognition scores in the case of severe neural pathology. Histopathologic study of the human inner ear continues to emphasize the need for non- or minimally invasive clinical tools capable of establishing cellular-level diagnoses.
CCM111, the water extract of Antrodia cinnamomea, regulates immune-related activity through STAT3 and NF-κB pathways
Authors: Lin In-Yu , Pan Min-Hsiung , Lai Ching-Shu , Lin Ting-Ting , Chen Chiung-Tong , Chung Tao-Sheng , Chen Chien-Lung , Lin Chen-Huan , Chuang Wu-Chang , Lee Ming-Chung , Lin Ching-Che , Ma Nianhan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAntrodia cinnamomea(AC) exhibits many bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and hepatoprotection activities. Many researchers have studied the functions of the components or fractions of AC, but the functions of the original extractions of AC have not been studied. In addition, the detailed relationship between AC and immune-related signaling pathways is unclear. In this study, we screened the effects of CCM111, which is the extract of AC, on seven immune-related signaling pathways and further investigated whether CCM111 can influence inflammation. Interestingly, our results showed that CCM111 significantly inhibited the IL-6-stimulated STAT3 pathway and the LPS-stimulated NF-κB pathway in macrophages. CCM111 also decreased the phosphorylation of STAT3, Tyk2 and the nuclear translocation of p65. Moreover, CCM111 and F4, a fraction of CCM111, down-regulated nitric oxide (NO) production, the protein levels of iNOS and COX-2, and inflammatory cytokines in macrophage cells. Therefore, our study suggested that CCM111 has the potential to be developed as an effective anti-inflammatory agent.
Nuclear Physics Meets the Sources of the Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays
Authors: Boncioli Denise , Fedynitch Anatoli , Winter Walter 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe determination of the injection composition of cosmic ray nuclei within astrophysical sources requires sufficiently accurate descriptions of the source physics and the propagation – apart from controlling astrophysical uncertainties. We therefore study the implications of nuclear data and models for cosmic ray astrophysics, which involves the photo-disintegration of nuclei up to iron in astrophysical environments. We demonstrate that the impact of nuclear model uncertainties is potentially larger in environments with non-thermal radiation fields than in the cosmic microwave background. We also study the impact of nuclear models on the nuclear cascade in a gamma-ray burst radiation field, simulated at a level of complexity comparable to the most precise cosmic ray propagation code. We conclude with an isotope chart describing which information is in principle necessary to describe nuclear interactions in cosmic ray sources and propagation.
Altered KYN/TRP, Gln/Glu, and Met/methionine sulfoxide ratios in the blood plasma of medication-free patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Umehara Hidehiro , Numata Shusuke , Watanabe Shin-ya , Hatakeyama Yutaka , Kinoshita Makoto , Tomioka Yukiko , Nakahara Kiyoshi , Nikawa Takeshi , Ohmori Tetsuro 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCapillary electrophoresis-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CE-TOFMS) is a comprehensive, quantitative, and high throughput tool used to analyze metabolite profiles. In the present study, we used CE-TOFMS to profile metabolites found in the blood plasma of 33 medication-free patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 33 non-psychiatric control subjects. We then investigated changes which occurred in the metabolite levels during an 8-week treatment period. The medication-free MDD patients and control subjects showed significant differences in their mean levels of 33 metabolites, including kynurenine (KYN), glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), methionine sulfoxide, and methionine (Met). In particular, the ratios of KYN to tryptophan (TRP), Gln to Glu, and Met to methionine sulfoxide were all significantly different between the two groups. Among the 33 metabolites with altered levels in MDD patients, the levels of KYN and Gln, as well as the ratio of Gln to Glu, were significantly normalized after treatment. Our findings suggest that imbalances in specific metabolite levels may be involved in the pathogenesis of MDD, and provide insight into the mechanisms by which antidepressant agents work in MDD patients.
Computational sensing of herpes simplex virus using a cost-effective on-chip microscope
Authors: Ray Aniruddha , Daloglu Mustafa Ugur , Ho Joslynn , Torres Avee , Mcleod Euan , Ozcan Aydogan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCaused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), herpes is a viral infection that is one of the most widespread diseases worldwide. Here we present a computational sensing technique for specific detection of HSV using both viral immuno-specificity and the physical size range of the viruses. This label-free approach involves a compact and cost-effective holographic on-chip microscope and a surface-functionalized glass substrate prepared to specifically capture the target viruses. To enhance the optical signatures of individual viruses and increase their signal-to-noise ratio, self-assembled polyethylene glycol based nanolenses are rapidly formed around each virus particle captured on the substrate using a portable interface. Holographic shadows of specifically captured viruses that are surrounded by these self-assembled nanolenses are then reconstructed, and the phase image is used for automated quantification of the size of each particle within our large field-of-view, ~30 mm2. The combination of viral immuno-specificity due to surface functionalization and the physical size measurements enabled by holographic imaging is used to sensitively detect and enumerate HSV particles using our compact and cost-effective platform. This computational sensing technique can find numerous uses in global health related applications in resource-limited environments.
MALDI-TOF MS as a Novel Tool for the Estimation of Postmortem Interval in Liver Tissue Samples
Authors: Li Chengzhi , Li Zhengdong , Tuo Ya , Ma Dong , Shi Yan , Zhang Qinghua , Zhuo Xianyi , Deng Kaifei , Chen Yijiu , Wang Zhenyuan , Huang Ping 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEstimation of the postmortem interval (PMI) is a complicated task in forensic medicine, especially during homicide and unwitnessed death investigations. Many biological, chemical, and physical indicators can be used to determine the postmortem interval, but most are not accurate. Here, we present a novel matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) method that can be used for the estimation of PMI using molecular images and multivariate analyses. In this study, we demonstrate that both rat and human liver tissues of various PMIs (0, 2, 4, and 6days) can be discriminated using MALDI imaging and principal component analysis (PCA). Using genetic algorithm (GA), supervised neural network (SNN), and quick classifier (QC) methods, we built 6 classification models, which showed high recognition capability and good cross-validation. The histological changes in all the samples at different time points were also consistent with the changes seen in MALDI imaging. Our work suggests that MALDI-TOF MS, along with multivariate analysis, can be used to determine intermediate PMIs.
The interaction of the bioinsecticide PA1b (Pea Albumin 1 subunit b) with the insect V-ATPase triggers apoptosis
Authors: Eyraud Vanessa , Balmand Séverine , Karaki Lamis , Rahioui Isabelle , Sivignon Catherine , Delmas Agnès F. , Royer Corinne , Rahbé Yvan , Da Silva Pedro , Gressent Frédéric 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPA1b (Pea Albumin 1, subunit b) peptide is an entomotoxin, extracted from Legume seeds, with a lethal activity towards several insect pests, such as mosquitoes, some aphids and cereal weevils. This toxin acts by binding to the subunits c and e of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) in the insect midgut. In this study, two cereal weevils, the sensitive Sitophilus oryzae strain WAA42, the resistance Sitophilus oryzae strain ISOR3 and the insensitive red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum, were used in biochemical and histological experiments to demonstrate that a PA1b/V-ATPase interaction triggers the apoptosis mechanism, resulting in insect death. Upon intoxication with PA1b, apoptotic bodies are formed in the cells of the insect midgut. In addition, caspase-3 enzyme activity occurs in the midgut of sensitive weevils after intoxication with active PA1b, but not in the midgut of resistant weevils. These biochemical data were confirmed by immuno-histochemical detection of the caspase-3 active form in the midgut of sensitive weevils. Immuno-labelling experiments also revealed that the caspase-3 active form and V-ATPase are close-localized in the insect midgut. The results concerning this unique peptidic V-ATPase inhibitor pave the way for the utilization of PA1b as a promising, more selective and eco-friendly insecticide.
Improving the electrocatalytic properties of Pd-based catalyst for direct alcohol fuel cells: effect of solid solution
Authors: Wen Cuilian , Wei Ying , Tang Dian , Sa Baisheng , Zhang Teng , Chen Changxin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe tolerance of the electrode against the CO species absorbed upon the surface presents the biggest dilemma of the alcohol fuel cells. Here we report for the first time that the inclusion of (Zr, Ce)O2 solid solution as the supporting material can significantly improve the anti-CO-poisoning as well as the activity of Pd/C catalyst for ethylene glycol electro-oxidation in KOH medium. In particular, the physical origin of the improved electrocatalytic properties has been unraveled by first principle calculations. The 3D stereoscopic Pd cluster on the surface of (Zr, Ce)O2 solid solution leads to weaker Pd-C bonding and smaller CO desorption driving force. These results support that the Pd/ZrO2-CeO2/C composite catalyst could be used as a promising effective candidate for direct alcohol fuel cells application.