bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traumatic Amputations - A Nationwide Epidemiological Analysis of a developing country over 16 years
Authors: Ceratti Marcella Moura , Sorbello Carolina Carvalho Jansen , Sunye Isabela Roskamp , Portela Felipe Soares , da Silva Marcelo Fiorelli Alexandrino , Teivelis Marcelo Passos , Neto Miguel Cendoroglo , Wolosker Nelson 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundDefining the impact of amputation is essential for developing cost-effective preventive health policies. Trauma is one of the most common causes of limb loss, affecting mainly the young working population. To date, few studies have investigated the epidemiology of patients undergoing trauma-related amputations and their public health implications in developing countries. The aim of this study was to analyze all limb amputations due to traumatic injuries performed in the Brazilian public health system over a 16-year period, studying their incidence, demographics, hospitalization and costs.ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiologic data on traumatic amputations within Brazil’s public health system.MethodsThis study was a cross-sectional and retrospective population-based analysis of traumatic amputations performed in the Brazilian public health system from 2008 to 2023. DATASUS, a public database of the Brazilian public health system, was used to select trauma cases, which were filtered by the traumatic amputation code. The dataset included the number of procedures, regional distribution, patient demographics, length of hospital stay, ICU stay, lethality and financial reimbursement.ResultsThere were 202,940 traumatic amputations in Brazil between 2008 and 2023. This condition was most common in males (78.7%), with an average age of 44.77 years, mainly involving fingers (62.7%). Cases involving lower limbs led to longer hospital stays and more ICU admissions. The mean length of hospital stay was 4.57 days, culminating in a lethality of 3.15%, which remained stable during the follow-up period. The estimated total cost to the Brazilian public health system was US$ 54,870,097.79, equivalent to approximately US$ 34,29381 spent per year on traumatic amputations, with the lower limb representing twice as much per patient.ConclusionTraumatic amputation is still common in all regions of Brazil and has remained stable over the past 16 years, as has its lethality. Lesions leading to lower limb amputation account for the majority of hospital stays, intensive care unit admissions, and higher lethality and costs.
Endocytic BDNF secretion through extracellular vesicle-dependent secretory pathways in astrocytes
Authors: Han Jeongho , Park Hyungju 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBrain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an essential role in regulating diverse neuronal functions in an activity-dependent manner. Although BDNF is synthesized primarily in neurons, astrocytes can also supply BDNF through various routes, including the recycling of neuron-derived BDNF. Despite accumulating evidence for astrocytic BDNF uptake and resecretion of neuronal BDNF, the detailed mechanisms underlying astrocytic BDNF recycling remain unclear. Here, we report that astrocytic resecretion of endocytosed BDNF is mediated by an extracellular vesicle (EV)-dependent secretory pathway. In cultured primary astrocytes, extracellular BDNF was endocytosed into CD63-positive EVs, and stimulation of astrocytes with ATP could evoke the release of endocytosed BDNF from CD63-positive vesicles. Downregulation of vesicle-associated membrane protein 3 (Vamp3) led to an increase in the colocalization of endosomal BDNF and CD63 but a decrease in extracellular vesicle release, suggesting the necessity of Vamp3-dependent signaling for EV-mediated BDNF secretion. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that astrocytic recycling of neuronal BDNF is dependent on the EV-mediated secretory pathway via Vamp3-associated signaling.
Genomic changes are varied across congeneric species pairs
Authors: Francis Warren R. , Vargas Sergio , Wörheide Gert 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSynteny, the shared arrangement of genes on chromosomes between related species, is a marker of shared ancestry, and synteny-breaking events can result in genomic incompatibilities between populations and ultimately lead to speciation events. Despite its pivotal role as a driver of speciation, the role of synteny breaks on speciation is poorly studied due to a lack of chromosome-level genome assemblies for a taxonomically broad sample of organisms. Here, using 22 congeneric animal genome pairs, we find a link between protein identity, microsynteny, and macrosynteny, but no evidence for a universal path of genomic change during divergence. We observed varied trajectories of synteny conservation relative to protein identity in non-model organisms, with many species pairs showing no karyotypic changes and others displaying large genomic rearrangements. This contrasts with previous studies on model organisms and indicates that the genomic changes preceding or resulting from speciation are likely very contextual between clades.
Subpopulation-specific gene expression inLachancea thermotoleransuncovers distinct metabolic adaptations to wine fermentation
Authors: Vicente Javier , Benito Santiago , Marquina Domingo , Santos Antonio 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTGene expression is the first step in translating genetic information into quantifiable traits. This study analysed gene expression in 23 strains across six subpopulations ofLachancea thermotolerans, shaped by anthropization, under winemaking conditions to understand the impact of adaptation on transcriptomic profiles and fermentative performance, particularly regarding lactic acid production. By sequencing mRNA during exponential growth and fermentation in synthetic grape must, we identified unique expression patterns linked to the strains originated from wine-related environments. Global expression analysis revealed that anthropized subpopulations, particularly Europe/Domestic-2 and Europe-Mix, exhibited distinct gene expression profiles related to fermentation processes such as glycolysis and pyruvate metabolism. These processes were differentially expressed, along with other important biological processes during fermentation, such as nitrogen and fatty acid metabolism. This study highlights that anthropization has driven metabolic specialization inL. thermotolerans, enhancing traits like lactic acid production, which is a trait of interest in modern winemaking. Correlation analysis further linked lactic acid dehydrogenase genes with key metabolic pathways, indicating adaptive gene expression regulation. Additionally, differences in other metabolites of oenological interest as glycerol or aroma compounds production are highlighted. Here, we provide insights into the evolutionary processes shaping the transcriptomic diversity ofL. thermotolerans, emphasizing the impact of winemaking environments on driving specific metabolic adaptations, including lactic acid production. Understanding the gene expression differences linked to lactic acid production could allow a more rational address of biological acidification while optimizing yeast-specific nutritional requirements during fermentation.GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Genomic characterization of foodborneSalmonella entericaandEscherichia coliisolates from Saboba district and Bolgatanga Municipality Ghana
Authors: Sunmonu Gabriel Temitope , Adzitey Frederick , Odih Erkison Ewomazino , Tibile Boniface Awini , Ekli Rejoice , Aduah Martin , Oaikhena Anderson O , Akinlabi Olabisi C , Abia Akebe Luther King , Amoako Daniel Gyamfi , Okeke Iruka N 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSalmonella enterica and Escherichia coliare well-known bacteria commonly associated with foodborne illnesses in humans and animals. Genomic characterization of these pathogens provides valuable insights into their evolution, virulence factors and resistance determinants. This study aimed to characterized previously isolatedSalmonella(n = 14) andE. coli(n = 19) from milk, meat and its associated utensils in Ghana using whole-genome sequencing. Most of theSalmonellaserovars (Fresno, Plymouth, Infantis, Give and Orleans) identified in this study are yet to be reported in Ghana. MostSalmonellaisolates were pan-sensitive, but genes conferring resistance to fosfomycin (fosA7.2) and tetracycline(tet(A))were detected in one and three isolates, respectively. Seven of theSalmonellaisolates carry the IncI1-I(Gamma) plasmid replicon. Although antimicrobial resistance was not common amongSalmonellastrains, most (11/19) of theE. colistrains had at least one resistance gene, with nearly half (8/19) being multidrug resistant and carrying mobile elements. Three of the 19E. colistrains belong to serovars commonly associated with enteroaggregativeE. coli(EAEC) pathotype. While strains belonging to virulence-associated lineages lacked key plasmid-encoded virulence plasmids, several plasmid replicons were detected in most of theE. coli(14/19) strains. Food contaminated with these pathogens can serve as a vehicle for disease transmission, posing a significant public health risk and necessitating stringent food safety and hygiene practices to prevent outbreaks. Hence, there is need for continuous surveillance and preventive measures to stop the spread of foodborne pathogens and reduce the risk of associated illnesses in Ghana.
The curse of the red pearl: a fibroblast specific pearl-necklace mitochondrial phenotype caused by phototoxicity
Authors: Hemel Irene MGM , Knoops Kèvin , López-Iglesias Carmen , Gerards Mike 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe dynamic nature of mitochondria makes live cell imaging an important tool in mitochondrial research. Although imaging using fluorescent probes is the golden standard in studying mitochondrial morphology, these probes might introduce a-specific features. In this study, live cell fluorescent imaging was applied to investigate a pearl-necklace shaped mitochondrial phenotype that arises when mitochondrial fission is restricted. In this fibroblast specific pearl-necklace phenotype, constricted and expanded mitochondrial regions alternate. Imaging studies revealed that the formation time of this pearl-necklace phenotype differs between laser scanning confocal, widefield and spinning disk confocal microscopy. We found that the phenotype formation correlates with the excitation of the fluorescent probe and is the result of phototoxicity. Interestingly, the phenotype only arises in cells stained with red mitochondrial dyes. Serial section electron tomography pearl-necklace mitochondria revealed that the mitochondrial membranes remained intact, while the cristae structure was altered. Furthermore, filaments and ER were present at the constricted sites. This study illustrates the importance of considering experimental conditions for live cell imaging to prevent imaging artefacts that can have a major impact on the obtained results.
Differential gene expression in cells with different p53 mutations identifies genome-wide p53 targets and shows distinct modulation of cellular pathways in response to DNA damage
Authors: Eror Barnes Patricia , de la Concha Maria Jose , Mwikali Kioko , Ng Bee Ling , Ponstingl Hannes , Pance Alena 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe fundamental transcription factor p53 regulates cellular processes and integrates signals of cellular stress, triggering a coordinated response to ensure survival of cells restored to healthy function and programmed death of those that couldn’t be repaired. Unsurprisingly, this is one of the most mutated genes in human cancers, with most changes occurring in the DNA-binding domain of the protein. In this work, we take a genome-wide approach and use available resources to identify high confidence p53-target genes, that we examine in three breast cancer cell lines with different p53 status, wild type (MCF-7) and different mutations in the DNA-binding domain (MDA-MB231, T47D). Comparison of p53-targets expression in response to DNA damage by RNAseq and cellular assays reveals that MDA-MB231 have a severely impaired p53-dependent pathway functionality while T47D are much less affected. MDA-MB231 are more resistant to DNA damage yet unable to repair and able to override cell cycle arrest leading to survival while T47D are sensitive only to high dose and exposure to genotoxic agents. This data shows the variability of effects of different p53 mutations and highlight the importance of understanding the mechanisms of p53 in the context of genotoxicity-based treatment.
Emergence of resistance to the antiparasitic selamectin inMycobacterium smegmatisis improbable and contingent on cell wall integrity
Authors: Ezquerra-Aznárez José Manuel , Gašparovič Henrich , Chiner-Oms Álvaro , Lucía Ainhoa , Blázquez Jesús , Comas Iñaki , Korduláková Jana , Ainsa José A. , Ramón-García Santiago 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTuberculosis remains the deadliest infectious disease of the 21stcentury. New antimicrobials are needed to improve treatment outcomes and enable therapy shortening. Drug repurposing is an alternative to the traditional drug discovery process. The avermectins are a family of macrocyclic lactones with anthelmintic activity active againstMycobacterium tuberculosis. However, their mode of action in mycobacteria remains unknown.In this study, we employed traditional mutant isolation approaches usingMycobacterium smegmatis, a non-pathogenicMycobacterium tuberculosissurrogate. We were only able to isolate mutants with decreased susceptibility to selamectin using the ΔnucSmutatorM. smegmatisstrain. This phenotype was caused by mutations inmps1andmmpL11. Two of these mutants were used for a second experiment in which high-level selamectin-resistant mutants were isolated; however, specific mutations driving the phenotypic change to high-level resistance could not be identified. The susceptibility to selamectin in these mutants was restored to the basal level by subinhibitory concentrations of ethambutol. The selection of ethambutol resistance in a high-level selamectin-resistant mutant also resulted in multiple colonies becoming susceptible to selamectin again. These colonies carried mutations inembB, suggesting that integrity of the cell envelope is a prerequisite for selamectin resistance. The absence of increased susceptibility to selamectin in anembBdeletion strain demonstrated that the target of selamectin is not cytosolic. Our data show that concurrence of specific multiple mutations and complete integrity of the mycobacterial envelope are necessary for selamectin resistance. Our studies provide first-time insights into the antimycobacterial mode of action of the antiparasitic avermectins.
PPM1D truncation-associated overexpression of the stress-related protein NQO1 confers sensitivity to the bioactivatable drug IB-DNQ in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma
Authors: Janin Maxime 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDiffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a very aggressive brainstem tumor with poor survival and a lack of effective treatments. In this study, I observed the differential overexpression of the stress-related protein NAD(P)H Quinone Dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) in some patient-derived DIPG cell lines and tumors. I sought to understand how this protein is regulated in DIPG and to investigate the therapeutic potential of the NQO1-bioactivatable drug Isobutyl-deoxynyboquinone (IB-DNQ). Interestingly, the study of the mutational profiles of the cell lines indicated that truncation of PPM1D correlated with NQO1 overexpression. From a functional standpoint, cellular models were utilized to unravel the link between PPM1D phosphatase and NQO1 expression in DIPG by dephosphorylating MDM2 serine 395, leading to NQO1 protein stabilization. From a therapeutic perspective, IB-DNQ treatment showed an NQO1-dependent growth inhibition sensitivity in vitro and induced an extended survival in vivo. Overall, my results reveal a new regulation of NQO1 at the protein level in PPM1D-mutated DIPG indicating a promising therapeutic approach.
Dynamic and structural insights into allosteric regulation on MKP5 a dual-specificity phosphatase
Authors: Skeens Erin , Maschietto Federica , Manjula Ramu , Shillingford Shanelle , Lolis Elias J. , Batista Victor S. , Bennett Anton M. , Lisi George P. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDual-specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatases (MKPs) directly dephosphorylate and inactivate the MAPKs. Although the catalytic mechanism of dephosphorylation of the MAPKs by the MKPs is established, a complete molecular picture of the regulatory interplay between the MAPKs and MKPs still remains to be fully explored. Here, we sought to define the molecular mechanism of MKP5 regulation through an allosteric site within its catalytic domain. We demonstrate using crystallographic and NMR spectroscopy approaches that residue Y435 is required to maintain the structural integrity of the allosteric pocket. Along with molecular dynamics simulations, these data provide insight into how changes in the allosteric pocket propagate conformational flexibility in the surrounding loops to reorganize catalytically crucial residues in the active site. Furthermore, Y435 contributes to the interaction with p38 MAPK and JNK, thereby promoting dephosphorylation. Collectively, these results highlight the role of Y435 in the allosteric site as a novel mode of MKP5 regulation by p38 MAPK and JNK.
Efficient laser wakefield accelerator in pump depletion dominated bubble regime
Authors: Horný V. , Bleotu P. G. , Ursescu D. , Malka V. , Tomassini P. 
Published: September 2024

With the usage of the postcompression technique, few-cycle joule-class laser pulses are nowadays available extending the state of the art of 100 TW-class laser working at 10 Hz repetition. In this Letter, we explore the potential of wakefield acceleration when driven with such pulses. The numerical modeling predicts that 50% of the laser pulse energy can be transferred into electrons with energy above 15 MeV, and with charge exceeding several nanocoulombs for the electrons at hundreds of MeV energy. In such a regime, the laser pulse depletes its energy to plasma rapidly driving a strong cavitated wakefield. The self-steepening effect induces a continuous prolongation of a bubble resulting in a massive continuous self-injection that explains the extremely high charge of the beam rending this approach suitable for promoting Bremsstrahlung emitter and generator of tertiary particles, including neutrons released through photonuclear reactions.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Telling different unravelings apart via nonlinear quantum-trajectory averages
Authors: Piñol Eloy , Mavrogordatos Th. K. , Keys Dustin , Veyron Romain , Sierant Piotr , Angel García-March Miguel , Grandi Samuele , Mitchell Morgan W. , Wehr Jan , Lewenstein Maciej 
Published: September 2024

The Gorini-Kossakowski-Sudarshan-Lindblad master equation (ME) governs the density matrix of open quantum systems (OQSs). When an OQS is subjected to weak continuous measurement, its state evolves as a stochastic quantum trajectory, whose statistical average solves the ME. The ensemble of such trajectories is termed an unraveling of the ME. We propose a method to operationally distinguish unravelings produced by the same ME in different measurement scenarios, using nonlinear averages of observables over trajectories. We apply the method to the paradigmatic quantum nonlinear system of resonance fluorescence in a two-level atom. We compare the Poisson-type unraveling, induced by direct detection of photons scattered from the two-level emitter, and the Wiener-type unraveling, induced by phase-sensitive detection of the emitted field. We show that a quantum-trajectory-averaged variance is able to distinguish these measurement scenarios. We evaluate the performance of the method, which can be readily extended to more complex OQSs, under a range of realistic experimental conditions.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Research of two kinds of PANI@semiconductor based photocathodic coating corrosion protection effect and mechanism
Authors: Jin Xi , Xu Hui , Zhao Qifeng , Zeng Hao , Lin Bing , Xiao Ying , Tang Junlei , Nie Zhen , Yan Yan , Di Zhigang , Zhou Rudong 
Published: September 2024

Purpose
This study aims to report the development and experimental evaluation of two kinds of PANI@semiconductor based photocathodic anti-corrosion coating, for application on stainless steel substrates.

Design/methodology/approach
PANI was in situ chemical polymerized on TiO2 and BiVO4 particles, and FT-IR and SEM/EDS were used to understand the characteristics and elemental distribution of the composite particles. Composite coatings, which consisted of epoxy, PANI@TiO2 or PANI@BiVO4 and graphene, were prepared on the 304L stainless steel. Photoelectrochemical response measurement, electrochemical tests and immersion tests were used to assess the anti-corrosion performance of the prepared coatings in 45°C 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. And the corrosion protection mechanism was further explained by combining with surface observation.

Findings
The photoelectrochemical response tests revealed the good photocathodic effect of the coatings, and the reversible oxidation-reduction properties of PANI (pseudocapacitive effect) leading to the repeated usage of the coatings. Consequently, the anti-corrosion mechanism of the composite coating is attributed to the physical barrier effect of the coating, the anodic protection effect of PANI and the photocathodic and energy store effect.

Originality/value
These kind coatings could prevent corrosion from day to night for stainless steel, which has great engineering application prospects on stainless steel corrosion protection.
An experimental investigation on surface integrity and wire wear in rough and trim cut modes of WEDM for hybrid composite
Authors: Kumar Nilesh , Kumar Jatinder 
Published: September 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the surface integrity features, including surface roughness (SR), recast layer (RL), material migration, topography and wire wear pattern in rough and trim-cut wire electric discharge machine (WEDM) of hybrid composite (Al6061-90%/SiC-2.5%/TiB2-7.5%).

Design/methodology/approach
Effects of four important factors, namely, rough-cut history (RCH), pulse on time (Ton), peak current (IP) and wire offset (WO) have been assessed on the responses of interest for trim-cut WEDM. Box–Behnken design (RSM) was used to formulate the experimentation plan. Quantitative indices of surface integrity, namely, SR and RL, and selected samples have been investigated for qualitative analysis, namely, surface topography, material migration and wire wear pattern.

Findings
Ton and IP are found to be most significant, whereas RCH and WO are found insignificant for SR. Ton and WO were found to be the most significant factors affecting RL. After trim cut, an RL of thickness 8.26 µm is observed if the initial rough cut has been accomplished at high discharge energy setting. Whereas the best value of RL thickness, i.e. 5.36 µm, can be realized with low level of RCH. A significant decrease in the presence of foreign materials is recorded, indicating its strong correlation with the discharge energy used during machining.

Originality/value
Investigation on surface integrity features for machining of hybrid composite through rough and trim-cut WEDM has been reported by only a limited number of researchers in the past. This study is attempted at fulfilling few vital gaps by addressing the issues such as evaluation of the efficacy of trim cutting under different discharge energy conditions (using RCH), analysis of wire wear pattern in both rough and trim-cut modes and investigation of the wire breakage phenomenon during machining.