bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The structural inventory of a small complex impact crater: Jebel Waqf as Suwwan, Jordan
Authors: Kenkmann Thomas , Sturm Sebastian , Krüger Tim , Salameh Elias , Al‐Raggad Marwan , Konsul Khalil 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe investigation of terrestrial impact structures is crucial to gain an in‐depth understanding of impact cratering processes in the solar system. Here, we use the impact structure Jebel Waqf as Suwwan, Jordan, as a representative for crater formation into a layered sedimentary target with contrasting rheology. The complex crater is moderately eroded (300–420 m) with an apparent diameter of 6.1 km and an original rim fault diameter of 7 km. Based on extensive field work, IKONOS imagery, and geophysical surveying we present a novel geological map of the entire crater structure that provides the basis for structural analysis. Parametric scaling indicates that the structural uplift (250–350 m) and the depth of the ring syncline (<200 m) are anomalously low. The very shallow relief of the crater along with a NE vergence of the asymmetric central uplift and the enhanced deformations in the up‐range and down‐range sectors of the annular moat and crater rim suggest that the impact was most likely a very oblique one (~20°). One of the major consequences of the presence of the rheologically anisotropic target was that extensive strata buckling occurred during impact cratering both on the decameter as well as on the hundred‐meter scale. The crater rim is defined by a circumferential normal fault dipping mostly toward the crater. Footwall strata beneath the rim fault are bent‐up in the down‐range sector but appear unaffected in the up‐range sector. The hanging wall displays various synthetic and antithetic rotations in the down‐range sector but always shows antithetic block rotation in the up‐range sector. At greater depth reverse faulting or folding is indicated at the rim indicating that the rim fault was already formed during the excavation stage.
Influences of early child nutritional status and home learning environment on child development in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Phuong H. , DiGirolamo Ann M. , Gonzalez‐Casanova Ines , Young Melissa , Kim Nicole , Nguyen Son , Martorell Reynaldo , Ramakrishnan Usha 
Published: June 2017

AbstractEarly childhood development plays a key role in a child's future health, educational success, and economic status. However, suboptimal early development remains a global challenge. This study examines the influences of quality of the home learning environment (HOME) and child stunting in the first year of life on child development. We used data collected from a randomized controlled trial of preconceptional micronutrient supplementation in Vietnam (n = 1,458). The Bayley Scales of Infant Development‐III were used to assess cognition, language, and motor development domains at 2 years. At 1 year, 14% of children were stunted, and 15%, 58%, and 28% of children lived in poor, medium, and high HOME environments, respectively. In multivariate generalized linear regression models, living in a high HOME environment was significantly associated with higher scores (0.10 to 0.13SD) in each of the developmental domains. Stunted children scored significantly lower for cognitive, language, and motor development (−0.11 to −0.18), compared to nonstunted children. The negative associations between stunting on development were modified by HOME; the associations were strong among children living in homes with a poor learning environment whereas they were nonsignificant for those living in high‐quality learning environments. In conclusion, child stunting the first year of life was negatively associated with child development at 2 years among children in Vietnam, but a high‐quality HOME appeared to attenuate these associations. Early interventions aimed at improving early child growth as well as providing a stimulating home environment are critical to ensure optimal child development.
Generation of the membrane potential and its impact on the motility, ATP production and growth in Campylobacter jejuni
Authors: van der Stel Anne‐Xander , Boogerd Fred C. , Huynh Steven , Parker Craig T. , van Dijk Linda , van Putten Jos P. M. , Wösten Marc M. S. M. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThe generation of a membrane potential (Δψ), the major constituent of the proton motive force (pmf), is crucial for ATP synthesis, transport of nutrients and flagellar rotation. Campylobacter jejuni harbors a branched electron transport chain, enabling respiration with different electron donors and acceptors. Here, we demonstrate that a relatively high Δψ is only generated in the presence of either formate as electron donor or oxygen as electron acceptor, in combination with an acceptor/donor respectively. We show the necessity of the pmf for motility and growth of C. jejuni. ATP generation is not only accomplished by oxidative phosphorylation via the pmf, but also by substrate‐level phosphorylation via the enzyme AckA. In response to a low oxygen tension, C. jejuni increases the transcription and activity of the donor complexes formate dehydrogenase (FdhABC) and hydrogenase (HydABCD) as well as the transcription of the alternative respiratory acceptor complexes. Our findings suggest that in the gut of warm‐blooded animals, C. jejuni depends on at least formate or hydrogen as donor (in the anaerobic lumen) or oxygen as acceptor (near the epithelial cells) to generate a pmf that sustains efficient motility and growth for colonization and pathogenesis.
Intra‐ and interrater reliability of the Chicago Classification of achalasia subtypes in pediatric high‐resolution esophageal manometry (HRM) recordings
Authors: Singendonk M. M. J. , Rosen R. , Oors J. , Rommel N. , van Wijk M. P. , Benninga M. A. , Nurko S. , Omari T. I. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundSubtyping achalasia by high‐resolution manometry (HRM) is clinically relevant as response to therapy and prognosis have shown to vary accordingly. The aim of this study was to assess inter‐ and intrarater reliability of diagnosing achalasia and achalasia subtyping in children using the Chicago Classification (CC) V3.0.MethodsSix observers analyzed 40 pediatric HRM recordings (22 achalasia and 18 non‐achalasia) twice by using dedicated analysis software (ManoView 3.0, Given Imaging, Los Angeles, CA, USA). Integrated relaxation pressure (IRP4s), distal contractile integral (DCI), intrabolus pressurization pattern (IBP), and distal latency (DL) were extracted and analyzed hierarchically. Cohen's κ (2 raters) and Fleiss’ κ (>2 raters) and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used for categorical and ordinal data, respectively.ResultsBased on the results of dedicated analysis software only, intra‐ and interrater reliability was excellent and moderate (κ=0.89 and κ=0.52, respectively) for differentiating achalasia from non‐achalasia. For subtyping achalasia, reliability decreased to substantial and fair (κ=0.72 and κ=0.28, respectively). When observers were allowed to change the software‐driven diagnosis according to their own interpretation of the manometric patterns, intra‐ and interrater reliability increased for diagnosing achalasia (κ=0.98 and κ=0.92, respectively) and for subtyping achalasia (κ=0.79 and κ=0.58, respectively).ConclusionsIntra‐ and interrater agreement for diagnosing achalasia when using HRM and the CC was very good to excellent when results of automated analysis software were interpreted by experienced observers. More variability was seen when relying solely on the software‐driven diagnosis and for subtyping achalasia. Therefore, diagnosing and subtyping achalasia should be performed in pediatric motility centers with significant expertise.
Ablation of Tacr2 in mice leads to gastric emptying disturbance
Authors: Mao Y.‐L. , Shen C.‐L. , Zhou T. , Ma B.‐T. , Tang L.‐Y. , Wu W.‐T. , Zhang H.‐X. , Lu H.‐L. , Xu W.‐X. , Wang Z.‐G. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundTacr2 is one of the G protein‐coupled receptors(GPCRs) that mediate the biological actions of tachykinins. It is abundantly expressed in the gastrointestinal (GI) system and is thought to play an important role in GI motility, secretion, and visceral sensitivity. Previously, the physiological and pathophysiological functions of Tacr2 were mainly studied using Tacr2 selective agonists or antagonists. Here, we seek to investigate the effect of Tacr2 disruption in mice to provide further insights.MethodsThe Tacr2 knockout mice were generated by homologous recombination and the phenotypic changes of the Tacr2‐null mice were analyzed and compared with their wild type (wt) littermates.Key ResultsIncreased food retention was detected in Tacr2−/− mice. The stomach of Tacr2−/− mice had thinner muscularis externa and less neurons in the myenteric plexus. The stomach and small intestine exhibited longer duration of electrical field stimulation (EFS)‐induced inhibition in the gastric fundus and decreased frequency of migrating motor complex (MMC), respectively. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) were significantly up‐regulated due to Tarc2 deficiency, contributing to enhanced nitric oxide (NO) signaling in the stomach of Tacr2−/− mice. Intraperitoneal application of 7‐nitroindazole (7‐NI) to Tacr2−/− mice effectively relieved the gastric emptying disturbance. Moreover, Creb and NF‐κB signalings were involved in the regulation of these physiological changes initiated by Tacr2 deficiency.Conclusions & InferencesTacr2 negatively regulated the expression of nNOS and VIP both in vivo and in vitro. Its ablation in mice elevated the expression of nNOS and VIP, enhanced NO signaling and changed the Creb and NF‐κB signalings, finally leading to the gastric emptying disturbance of Tacr2−/− mice.
OsGCD1 is essential for rice fertility and required for embryo dorsal‐ventral pattern formation and endosperm development
Authors: Huang Xiaorong , Peng Xiongbo , Sun Meng‐Xiang 
Published: June 2017

Summary

Rice fertility is critical for rice reproduction and is thus a focus of interest. Most studies have addressed male sterility and its relation to rice production. The mechanisms of regulation of embryogenesis and endosperm development are essential for rice reproduction, but remain largely unknown.

Here, we report a functional analysis of the rice gene OsGCD1, which encodes a highly conserved homolog of Arabidopsis GCD1 (GAMETE CELLS DEFECTIVE1). OsGCD1 mutants were generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and subjected to functional analysis.

The homozygote mutants cannot be obtained, whereas heterozygotes showed altered phenotypes. In the majority of aborted seeds, the endosperm nucleus divided a limited number of times. The free nuclei were distributed only at the micropylar end of embryo sacs, and their oriented positioning was blocked. In addition, aleurone differentiation was interrupted. The embryo developed slowly, and pattern formation, particularly the dorsal‐ventral pattern and symmetry establishment, of embryos was disturbed. Thus, the embryos showed various morphological and structural dysplasias.

Our findings reveal that OsGCD1 is essential for rice fertility and is required for dorsal‐ventral pattern formation and endosperm free nucleus positioning, suggesting a critical role in sexual reproduction of both monocotyledon and dicotyledon plants.
Role of tree size in moist tropical forest carbon cycling and water deficit responses
Authors: Meakem Victoria , Tepley Alan J. , Gonzalez‐Akre Erika B. , Herrmann Valentine , Muller‐Landau Helene C. , Wright S. Joseph , Hubbell Stephen P. , Condit Richard , Anderson‐Teixeira Kristina J. 
Published: June 2017

Summary

Drought disproportionately affects larger trees in tropical forests, but implications for forest composition and carbon (C) cycling in relation to dry season intensity remain poorly understood.

In order to characterize how C cycling is shaped by tree size and drought adaptations and how these patterns relate to spatial and temporal variation in water deficit, we analyze data from three forest dynamics plots spanning a moisture gradient in Panama that have experienced El Niño droughts.

At all sites, aboveground C cycle contributions peaked below 50‐cm stem diameter, with stems ≥ 50 cm accounting for on average 59% of live aboveground biomass, 45% of woody productivity and 49% of woody mortality. The dominance of drought‐avoidance strategies increased interactively with stem diameter and dry season intensity. Although size‐related C cycle contributions did not vary systematically across the moisture gradient under nondrought conditions, woody mortality of larger trees was disproportionately elevated under El Niño drought stress.

Thus, large (> 50 cm) stems, which strongly mediate but do not necessarily dominate C cycling, have drought adaptations that compensate for their more challenging hydraulic environment, particularly in drier climates. However, these adaptations do not fully buffer the effects of severe drought, and increased large tree mortality dominates ecosystem‐level drought responses.
Effects of intraoperative liberal fluid therapy on postoperative nausea and vomiting in children—A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ashok Vighnesh , Bala Indu , Bharti Neerja , Jain Divya , Samujh Ram 
Published: June 2017

SummaryBackgroundPostoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is one of the most distressing complications following surgery. Supplemental perioperative fluid therapy might be an effective strategy to reduce PONV in children.ObjectivesThe study was conducted to evaluate the effects of intraoperative liberal fluid therapy with crystalloids on PONV in children.MethodsIn this randomized trial, a total of 150 children of 3‐7 years undergoing lower abdominal and penile surgery under general anesthesia were randomly assigned into two groups. “Restricted group” received 10 mL kg−1 h−1 and “Liberal group” received 30 mL kg−1 h−1 infusion of Ringer's lactate solution intraoperatively. All patients received a caudal block and intravenous paracetamol for analgesia. No opioids and muscle relaxants were used. All episodes of nausea‐vomiting and the requirement of rescue antiemetic were assessed during 24 hours postoperatively.ResultsThe incidence of PONV was significantly less in the liberal group patients as compared to the restricted group; 33 (45.8%) patients in the restricted group had vomiting as compared to 20 (27.4%) patients in the liberal group (RR 0.59, 95% CI: 0.38‐0.93, P=.021). The adjusted odds ratio of PONV for the liberal group vs restricted group was 2.24 (95% CI: 1.12‐4.48, P=.022). The incidence of fluid intake during the first 6 postoperative hours was significantly higher in the restricted group patients; 60 (83%) children in the restricted group complained of thirst as compared to 12 (17%) children in the liberal group (RR 0.19, 95% CI: 0.18‐0.33, P=.0001). The parents of the liberal group were more satisfied as compared to the restricted group (mean difference −0.9, 95% CI: −1.8, −0.1, P=.04). None of the children had any complication attributed to the liberal fluid therapy.ConclusionLiberal intraoperative fluid therapy was found to be effective in reducing PONV in children undergoing lower abdominal surgery.
Emotion dysregulation, symptoms, and interpersonal problems as independent predictors of a broad range of personality disorders in an outpatient sample
Authors: Dimaggio Giancarlo , Popolo Raffaele , Montano Antonella , Velotti Patrizia , Perrini Filippo , Buonocore Luisa , Garofalo Carlo , D'Aguanno Mario , Salvatore Giampaolo 
Published: June 2017

Emotion dysregulation (ED) is considered a hallmark of borderline personality disorder and is prominent in other personality disorders (PDs). Its presence and contribution to personality pathology need to be explored in the whole range of PDs. In this study, we investigated the association of ED with the whole range of PD traits, symptoms, and interpersonal problems and then investigated whether ED had a unique contribution in predicting the different PDs. A sample of 478 treatment‐seeking outpatients was interviewed with the SCID‐II. The patients were then tested for symptoms (SCL‐90‐R), interpersonal problems (IIP‐32), and ED (DERS). Results: ED correlated with the large majority of PDs and with symptoms and interpersonal problems. Regression showed how ED explained a unique part of the variance for many PDs. ED appears to be a relevant feature of pathology in many PDs; with replication, it can be considered a treatment target in this population.Practitioner points

Emotion dysregulation is present in many personality disorders.

Emotion dysregulation is not just explained by heightened symptoms and interpersonal problems in personality disorders.

Emotion dysregulation could be considered a treatment target in personality disorders other than borderline.
Adolescent perfectionism: Structural features of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale and correlates with attachment and psychopathology
Authors: Taylor Emily P. , Couper Rachel , Butler Carolyn Maeve 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesPerfectionism is recognized as a significant risk factor for psychopathology. Emerging research links attachment to perfectionism in adult and college‐age samples. The Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS) has been used in adults and adolescents with a variety of factor structures found. This study sought to establish the factor structure in a general adolescent sample prior to testing for associations between perfectionism, attachment, and psychopathology in the same sample.DesignA cross‐sectional survey design was used. Confirmatory factor analysis, and correlational and regression analyses were employed.MethodsA total of 290 adolescents, aged 12–18 years, were recruited from a state secondary school. All completed the FMPS along with brief measures of attachment and psychopathology.ResultExploratory and confirmatory factor analyses failed to replicate previously published models, and a new six‐item, 1‐factor model representing perfectionism was found instead. This new variable was then used to establish a role for perfectionism and attachment anxiety in predicting internalizing problems. Perfectionism also correlated with conduct problems and hyperactivity.ConclusionThis study established a novel factor structure for the FMPS, allowing proof of principle of the role of perfectionism in a relationship with attachment and psychopathology, which after replication, may inform new interventions for perfectionism. Caution is noted about the use of extant perfectionism measures that are not properly developmentally informed and which do not capture the dynamic nature of adolescence and adolescent perfectionism.Practitioner points

Perfectionism is a feature of adolescent psychopathology, including internalizing and externalizing problems.

Perfectionism is associated with attachment anxiety and together contributes to internalizing problems.

Current conceptualizations of perfectionism may not capture the specific developmental and dynamic aspects of adolescence and should not be regarded as a stable personality trait.
Antipsychotic prescription and mortality in hospitalized older persons
Authors: Chiesa Deborah , Marengoni Alessandra , Nobili Alessandro , Tettamanti Mauro , Pasina Luca , Franchi Carlotta , Djade Codjo D. , Corrao Salvatore , Salerno Francesco , Marcucci Maura , Romanelli Giuseppe , Mannucci Pier Mannuccio ,   REPOSI Investigators
Published: June 2017

BackgroundRecent scientific reports have shown that older persons treated with antipsychotics for dementia‐related behavioural symptoms have increased mortality. However, the impact of these drugs prescribed during hospitalization has rarely been assessed. We aimed to investigate whether antipsychotics are associated with an increased risk of mortality during hospitalization and at 3‐month follow‐up in elderly inpatients.MethodsWe analyzed data gathered during two waves (2010 and 2012) by the REPOSI (Registro Politerapie Società Italiana Medicina Interna). All new prescriptions of antipsychotic drugs during hospitalization, whether maintained or discontinued at discharge, were collected, and logistic regression models were used to analyze their association with in‐hospital and 3‐month mortality. Covariates were age, sex, the Short Blessed Test (SBT) score, and the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale.ResultsAmong 2703 patients included in the study, 135 (5%) received new prescriptions for antipsychotic drugs. The most frequently prescribed antipsychotic during hospitalization and eventually maintained at discharge was haloperidol (38% and 36% of cases, respectively). Patients newly prescribed with antipsychotics were older and had a higher Cumulative Illness Rating Scale comorbidity index both at admission and at discharge compared to those who did not receive a prescription. Of those prescribed antipsychotics, 71% had an SBT score ≥10 (indicative of dementia), 12% had an SBT score of 5–9 (indicative of questionable dementia); and 17% had an SBT score <5 (indicative of normal cognition). In‐hospital mortality was slightly higher in patients prescribed antipsychotic drugs (14.3% vs 9.4%; P = 0.109), but in multivariate analysis only male sex, older age, and higher SBT scores were significantly related to mortality during hospitalization. At 3‐month follow‐up, only male sex, older age, and higher SBT scores were associated with mortality.ConclusionWe found that the prescription of antipsychotic drugs during hospitalization was not associated with in‐hospital or follow‐up mortality. Short‐term antipsychotic prescriptions (for acutely ill patients) may have a different effect than long‐term, repeated prescriptions.
Investigation of a correlation between taxane‐based chemotherapy and the ultrasonic time‐of‐flight of human fingernails
Authors: Vacarescu R. A. , Slak B. , Maeva A. , Hamm C. , Lewoc N. , Daabous A. T. , Strumban E. , Maev R. G. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundMedical practitioners have long associated the physical appearance of human fingernails with certain underlying health conditions due to their direct connection to the vascular system. The objective of this study was to demonstrate how human fingernails can potentially be used as a biomarker to determine the severity of a patient's reaction to chemotherapy.MethodsQuantitative investigation of fingernails in patients undergoing taxane‐based chemotherapy was conducted using a high‐frequency 50 MHz ultrasound device in B‐mode in the form of a pilot study. Time‐of‐Flight (TOF) ultrasonic signal measurements were recorded longitudinally across fingernails over three time intervals; (before treatment, in the middle of treatment, and on the last day of treatment); a neuropathy assessment and photographs were also taken for comparison.ResultsA total of 17 patients were examined in this study with ages ranging from 35‐69 years old with both weekly and biweekly chemotherapy regimens. Onycholysis and fingernail discoloration were observed in 8 of the 17 patients. White transverse lines and white lunula were observed on 4 of the 17 patients. Quantitative assessment revealed a TOF median decrease in fingernails during the first half of chemotherapy treatment; conversely, TOF median was found to have increased during the second half. Median TOF measurements at the end of treatment were found to return to approximately that of the baseline value.ConclusionThis was a novel application of ultrasound in fingernails as chemotherapy biomarkers and further studies should be considered to verify and expand on the results obtained in this study.