bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global Access to Radiotherapy Services: Have We Made Progress During the Past Decade?
Authors: Yap Mei Ling , Zubizarreta Eduardo , Bray Freddie , Ferlay Jacques , Barton Michael 
Published: March 2016

Purpose The global incidence of cancer is rising, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Radiotherapy is an important cancer treatment in the curative and palliative setting. We aimed to estimate the global demand for and supply of radiotherapy megavoltage machines (MVMs) and assess the changes in supply and demand during the past decade. Materials and Methods Cancer incidences for 27 cancer types in 184 countries were extracted from the International Agency for Research on Cancer GLOBOCAN database. The Collaboration for Cancer Outcomes Research and Evaluation radiotherapy utilization rate (RTU) model was used to estimate the number of patients in each country with an indication for radiotherapy for each cancer type and estimate the demand for MVMs. The radiotherapy supply data were accessed from Directory of Radiotherapy Centres database maintained by the International Atomic Energy Agency. Results RTU varied by country, from 32% in Mongolia to 59% in Comoros. The average optimal world RTU was 50%, equating to 7 million people in 2012 who would benefit from radiotherapy. There remains a deficit of more than 7,000 machines worldwide. During the past decade, the gap between radiotherapy demand and supply has widened in low-income countries. Conclusion RTU varies significantly between countries. Approximately half of all patients with cancer worldwide should receive radiotherapy; however, more than 2 million people are unable to access it because of a lack of MVMs. Low- and middle-income countries are particularly disadvantaged by this deficit.
Copolymerization of Ethylene with iPr3Si-Protected 5-Hexen-1-ol with an [OSSO]-Type Bis(phenolato) Dichloro Zirconium(IV) Complex
Authors: Saito Yusuke , Nakata Norio , Ishii Akihiko 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The ability of dichlorozirconium(IV) complex 4 incorporating an [OSSO]-type bis(phenolate) ligand with dMAO (dried methylaluminoxane) as an activator for the copolymerization of ethylene with iPr3Si-protected 5-hexen-1-ol, 5-hexen-1-oxytriisopropylsilane (5H1OSi), is described. This catalyst system efficiently promoted ethylene copolymerization with different feed ratios of 5H1OSi at 25 °C under an atmospheric pressure producing ethylene/5H1OSi copolymers with molecular weights Mw of 3800–10800 g mol−1. In the 1H NMR spectroscopic analysis, the contents of 5H1OSi in the copolymers were found to be in the range of 7.5–21.4 mol % depending upon the feed concentration of 5H1OSi. The sequence distributions and calculated reactive ratios (γEγP = 1.48–3.48) obtained from the 13C NMR spectra revealed that the catalytic system produced highly random ethylene/5H1OSi copolymers.
Educando para qué y para quién. El cambio de paradigma que el desarrollo sostenible demanda a la educación superior
Authors: Segalàs Coral Jordi 
Published: March 2016

La sociedad tal como está organizada actualmente no tiene futuro, es insostenible; tanto ambiental, social, como económicamente. Estamos en una situación con un gran incremento de demandas al ecosistema y una disminución de recursos disponibles que conlleva a la aparición de conflictos sociales. Esto es debido a un paradigma económico neoliberal que prioriza el crecimiento a cualquier precio sin tener en cuenta los límites finitos del planeta y que incrementa las diferencias entre los ganadores y perdedores del sistema. Incluso la Unión Europea acuña el concepto de crecimiento sostenible, que per se es un oxímoron en un sistema finito como el nuestro.Es necesario un cambio de paradigma en tres ejes: primero, el marco en que nos organizamos desde el punto de vista cultural (valores y principios que justifiquen necesidades: suficiencia), estructural (estructura que permite aplicar dichos valores y principios) y tecnológico (medios para satisfacer las necesidades); segundo, los saltos de innovación (uso óptimo, mejora de procesos y productos y renovación basada en necesidades); y tercero, la transdisciplinariedad, en relación a los actores implicados o afectados por cualquier decisión socio-política-tecnológica.Este cambio de paradigma social requiere un cambio de paradigma educativo a tres niveles: primero, definir un nuevo paradigma educativo que incluya en su visión y misión los valores de la sostenibilidad; segundo, a nivel de organización y gestión, definiendo cómo se organiza y gestiona la universidad en todos sus ámbitos de influencia (educación, investigación, gestión); y, finalmente, en las metodologías de aprendizaje.
La inserción laboral de los graduados de Relaciones Laborales y Recursos Humanos de la Universidad de Murcia
Authors: Barba Aragón Isabel , Carrasco Hernández Antonio José , Lujan Alcaraz José , Selma Penalva Alejandra , Meseguer de Pedro Mariano , Riquelme Perea Prudencio José 
Published: March 2016

El Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES) ha modificado en profundidad el sistema de formación universitaria. Los estudios universitarios deben construirse en torno a las competencias que exigirá el mercado de trabajo a los egresados. El dominio de las competencias mejora las posibilidades de los individuos que las poseen de encontrar un puesto de trabajo y de ser capaz de mantenerlo o desarrollar una carrera profesional a lo largo del tiempo. Así, surgen interrogantes tras la implantación de los grado, sobre si la formación impartida en los grado, satisface las demandas del mercado de trabajo. Para responder a la pregunta, se ha optado por hacer un análisis de la empleabilidad de los graduados en el mercado de trabajo.El objetivo del trabajo es analizar la adaptación de los egresados del Grado al mercado de trabajo, en comparación con los egresados de la diplomatura y licenciatura. En total, se ha seleccionado una muestra de 365 egresados para el estudio. Todos los egresados han sido entrevistados a los dos años de finalizar sus estudios.
Consecuencias del RDL 20/2012 en materia de desempleo: estudio e impacto jurídico-económico y social sobre el subsidio de 52 años al actual de 55 años
Authors: Cano Esquibel Miguel Jaime 
Published: March 2016

Con la publicación en el Boletín Oficial del Estado número 168 el 14 de julio de 2012 del Real Decreto Ley 20/2012 de 13 de julio entre otras muchas y diversas materias el que antes se llamaba «subsidio para mayores de 52 años» se incrementaba la edad de los 52 a los 55 años para los trabajadores que no tengan responsabilidades familiares, hayan cotizado al menos 6 años y acrediten los requisitos, excepto el de la edad, para el acceso a cualquier otro tipo de prestación contributiva de jubilación del sistema.En segundo lugar, se modifica el subsidio por desempleo, llamado de «prejubilación», la norma establece que a la edad de 55 años ha de haberse cumplido en la fecha del agotamiento de la prestación por desempleo o del subsidio por desempleo; o tener cumplida esa edad en el momento de reunir los requisitos para acceder a cualquier otro subsidio de desempleo o cumplirla durante su percepción.En cualquier caso, para este subsidio se pone un nuevo término: el momento en que el trabajador alcance la edad que le permita acceder a la pensión contributiva de jubilación en cualquiera de sus modalidades. Con ello se vuelve a la redacción original del artículo 216.3 LGSS, cuando el subsidio se extendía hasta que el trabajador alcanzara la edad que le permitiera acceder a la pensión contributiva de jubilación en cualquiera de sus modalidades, con la aplicación de los correspondientes coeficientes reductores, en su caso.Ha de recordarse que esta nueva regla desde el día 16 de julio de 2012 esta haciendo mucho daño a los trabajadores que acceden a la nueva prestación ya que han de tenerse en cuenta las nuevas reglas de integración de lagunas, las de determinación de cuantía a mínimos (limitada a la cuantía de las prestaciones no contributivas), ambas establecidas por la Ley 27/2011 de reforma del sistema de Seguridad Social, y por supuesto, la regla de que la pensión mínima para los menores de 65 años es inferior a la común establecida.Además, es importante por cuanto lleva consigo una reducción real de las futuras pensiones de jubilación de los que sean beneficiarios de subsidios por desempleo mayores de 55 años, la base de cotización por la que cotizaba el SPEE-SEPE era el 125 % de la base mínima de cotización. Con la reforma, todos los subsidios por desempleo que coticen por la contingencia de jubilación lo harán por el 100 %. El ahorro para el sistema público es, pues doble: de un lado el SPEE ahorra en cotizaciones con la reforma normativa y de otro lado, en el futuro el sistema de seguridad social ahorrará en prestaciones publicas.
SERVICE OVERTIME DAN KAROSHI : KONSEKUENSI DARI ETOS KERJA JEPANG
Authors: Widiandari Arsi 
Published: March 2016

After defeated on World War II, Japan economy has recover and become one of developed country in Asia. One of the factor that give contribute to Japanese economy rising is Japanese spirit. Company usually teached work culture to every worker that can be seen from Japanese work ethic. For example ideology of Family Methaphore, Shushin Koyo seido (Lifetime employment) Nenko Joretsu ( Salary based on seniority ) and Kigyou betsu Kumiai (Union based on corporation). The work culture practice in Japan company has had positive and negative consequences. As we know, that it has great contributed to Japanese economy development it self. But, it also bring a number of social problem especially to many workers. Service overtime and Karoshi are the example of the consequences of Japan work ethic practice until nowadays. Worker are expected to give their deducation and loyality to job company. This paper will try to give explanation about the consequences of Japan work ethic practice in Japan.
Peran Non Governmental Organization (GIZ dan LSM Bina Swadaya) terhadap Klaster Susu Sapi Perah di Kabupaten Boyolali
Authors: Wulan Rizky Madya , Muktiali Muhammad 
Published: March 2016

<p class="Abstract">Perubahan sistem pemerintahan di Indonesia menjadi sistem pemerintahan desentralisasi, dimana dengan perubahan sistem pemerintahan tersebut menyebabkan terjadinya kebijakan pengembangan potensi lokal melalui pengembangan ekonomi lokal (PEL). Klaster usaha merupakan salah satu bagian dari PEL. Sebagian klaster masih bersifat semi formal dimana pendekatan kepada Non Governmental Organization (NGO) masih belum dapat diterapkan sepenuhnya. Klaster susu sapi perah di Kabupaten Boyolali merupakan daerah penghasil susu terbesar di Jawa Tengah. Dalam klaster susu sapi perah menjalin kerjasama dengan GIZ dan Bina Swadaya yang merupakan suatu NGO. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami peranan yang dilakukan NGO (GIZ dan Bina Swadaya) dalam klaster dan mengukur efektivitas peran yang dilakukan NGO tersebut dalam klaster susu sapi perah di Kabupaten Boyolali. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan yaitu pendekatan mix method dimana dalam proses penelitian ini mencoba menggabungkan antara pendekatan kuantitatif dan pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian ini berfokus pada pemahaman peran yang dilakukan NGO dalam klaster, pengukuran efektivitas peran NGO dalam klaster, serta dampak yang dirasakan dari peranan yang dilakukan NGO dalam klaster. Dari proses analisis tersebut didapat sebuah kesimpulan dan rekomendasi mengenai peran Non Governmental Organization (GIZ dan Bina Swadaya) terhadap klaster susu sapi perah di Kabupaten Boyolali.<strong></strong></p>
Evaluasi Perubahan Penggunaan Lahan Kecamatan di Daerah Aliran Sungai Cisadane Kabupaten Bogor
Authors: Endang Trimarmanti Tessie Krisnaningtyas 
Published: March 2016

<p class="Abstract">Kabupaten Bogor bagian dari Kawasan Strategis Nasional Jabodetabekpunjur, berperan sebagai kawasan penyangga. Namun demikian, kemudahan aksesibilitas menjadikan Kabupaten Bogor sebagai salah satu pusat pengembangan permukiman perkotaan dan kegiatan perekonomian lainnya. Terdapat 2 kawasan pelestarian alam dan 7 Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS), yang terluas adalah DAS Cisadane, kaya akan keanekaragaman hayati, digunakan untuk kebutuhan sehari-hari, dan juga DAS yang rentan terhadap perubahan penggunaan lahan terutama wilayah dengan kepadatan penduduknya relatif tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perubahan penggunaan lahan dan faktor-faktor pengaruh perubahan penggunaan lahan Kecamatan di DAS Cisadane Kabupaten Bogor. Penelitian menggunakan metode kombinasi dengan jenis penelitian berseri/berganda, fase pertama adalah pendekatan keruangan dan analisis kuantitatif, kemudian fase kedua adalah pendekatan kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil pembahasan dan temuan hasil penelitian, perluasan perkembangan permukiman di wilayah pinggiran perkotaan dan konversi lahan-lahan produktif (Rustiadi et.al, 2003) memang benar terjadi di DAS Cisadane, aktivitas perkotaan berdampak terhadap alih fungsi lahan pertanian menjadi lahan perumahan/permukiman. Perubahan penggunaan lahan telah terjadi sebelum ditetapkannya menjadi kawasan pertanian lahan basah. Faktor sosial ekonomi memicu para pengembang mengalihfungsikan lahan pertanian menjadi kawasan perumahan dengan nilai tambahnya, tak terkecuali warga dengan hak kepemilikannya. Faktor lainnya yaitu faktor kelembagaan, kurangnya komitmen pelayanan pemerintah terhadap infrastruktur saluran irigasi dan keberlanjutan aliran irigasi. Penerapan pengendalian pemanfaatan ruang telah dilakukan oleh aparat kecamatan dan aparat kabupaten melalui kegiatan pengawasan dan penertiban sesuai ketentuan RTRW/IMB, namun hal ini belum diimbangi oleh sosialisasi kepada masyarakat, sehingga banyak masyarakat maupun aparat pelaksana belum mengetahui dan memahami peraturan tersebut sehingga kecenderungan terjadinya alih fungsi lahan cukup tinggi.</p><p class="Abstract"> </p>
Organizational Inertia and Excessive Product Proliferation
Authors: Sakuraki Rie 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
This study investigates the internal factors of excessive product proliferation. Since empirical literature on product over-proliferation focused on how to optimize existing product portfolio, the causes of excessive product proliferation have so far attracted little attention. This study employs a case study of Shiseido, a famous Japanese cosmetics company, with particular attention to product proliferation in the Shiseido chain store channel, because external factors are mostly absent from this case. My results indicate that intra- and inter-organizational inertia affects product line management. Due to Shiseido’s effort in the 1990s, the company could maintain the advantage it and its cosmetics store channel held with much the strategy as had been used until the mid-1970s. This strengthen intra-organizational inertia at Shiseido. Inter-organizational inertia with cosmetics stores makes Shiseido’s strategic change more difficult, which causes excess proliferation.
Hybrid minigene splicing assay verified the pathogenicity of a novel splice site variant in the dystrophin gene of a Chinese patient with typical Duchenne muscular dystrophy phenotype
Authors: Wang Zhihong , Lin Yanhong , Qiu Liping , Zheng Dezhu , Yan Aizhen , Zeng Jian , Lan Fenghua 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackground:Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is typically caused by disrupting the reading frame of the dystrophin gene: approximately 70%–80% of mutational events are represented by deletions or duplications of one or more exons in the dystrophin gene, and the remaining cases by subtle mutations, including point mutations, small indels, small inversions, and complex small rearrangements. The dystrophin gene is the largest known gene with one of the highest known rates of new mutations.Methods:Deletions and duplications were detected in theDMDgene of the proband by using multiple ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). Targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used in the subtle mutation detection, followed by Sanger sequencing confirmation. The effect of the mutation on the splicing of theDMDgene was assessed by bioinformatics prediction and hybrid minigene splicing assay (HMSA).Results:Neither duplication nor deletion was found in theDMDgene of the proband. While a novel splice site mutation c.6762+1G>C was identified in the proband by NGS and Sanger sequencing, and his mother was heterozygous at the same site. Bioinformatics predicted that the 5′ donor splice site of intron 46 disappeared because of the mutation, which would lead to aberrant splicing and introduce premature stop codon. The HMSA results were in agreement with the prediction.Conclusions:The novel splice site mutation caused DMD in the proband by aberrant splicing. We suggested that combined applications of MLPA, NGS, HMSA and bioinformatics are comprehensive and effective methods for diagnosis and aberrant splicing study of DMD.
The dietary protein, IGF-I, skeletal health axis
Authors: Bonjour Jean-Philippe 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Dietary protein represents an important nutrient for bone health and thereby for the prevention of osteoporosis. Besides its role as a brick provider for building the organic matrix of skeletal tissues, dietary protein stimulates the production of the anabolic bone trophic factor IGF-I (insulin-like growth factor I). The liver is the main source of circulating IGF-I. During growth, protein undernutrition results in reduced bone mass and strength. Genetic defect impairing the production of IGF-I markedly reduces bone development in both length and width. The serum level of IGF-I markedly increases and then decreases during pubertal maturation in parallel with the change in bone growth and standing height velocity. The impact of physical activity on bone structure and strength is enhanced by increased dietary protein consumption. This synergism between these two important environmental factors can be observed in prepubertal boys, thus modifying the genetically determined bone growth trajectory. In anorexia nervosa, IGF-I is low as well as bone mineral mass. In selective protein undernutrition, there is a resistance to the exogenous bone anabolic effect of IGF-I. A series of animal experiments and human clinical trials underscore the positive effect of increased dietary intake of protein on calcium-phosphate economy and bone balance. On the contrary, the dietary protein-induced acidosis hypothesis of osteoporosis is not supported by several experimental and clinical studies. There is a direct effect of amino acids on the local production of IGF-I by osteoblastic cells. IGF-I is likely the main mediator of the positive effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on bone formation, thus explaining the reduction in fragility fractures as observed in PTH-treated postmenopausal women. In elderly women and men, relatively high protein intake protects against spinal and femoral bone loss. In hip fracture patients, isocaloric correction of the relatively low protein intake results in: increased IGF-I serum level, significant attenuation of postsurgical bone loss, improved muscle strength, better recovery, and shortened hospital stay. Thus, dietary protein contributes to bone health from early childhood to old age. An adequate intake of protein should be recommended in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
Missionaries, Modernism, and German Theology: Anglican Reactions to the Outbreak of War in 1914
Authors: Chapman Mark 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis paper discusses the Anglican reaction to the so-called “Appeal to the Civilised World” of October 1914 in its broader context. After briefly outlining the direct response to the Appeal it then goes on to discuss the prevailing perception of Germany by English theologians as well as the complex relationship of English theology to German liberalism. It moves on to discuss the aftermath of the inter-denominational Kikuyu Missionary Conference which had taken place in 1913. This had divided the Anglican Communion since Anglo-Catholics, led by Frank Weston, Bishop of Zanzibar, disapproved of intercommunion with nonepiscopal churches. After the outbreak of war, there were calls from Germany for unity in the mission field since Christian nations could not be seen to be at war with one another. Anglo-Catholic opposition to Kikuyu was coupled with a long-standing anti-liberalism which soon became fiercely anti-German in its rhetoric. Somewhat unwittingly the primitive German and English propaganda machines helped seal the fate of liberal theology into the next generation on account of its “Made in Germany” origins.
Margot Hahl berichtet Hannah Tillich über ihre Freundschaft mit Paulus. Ein Brief aus dem Dezember 1966
Authors: Graf Friedrich Wilhelm 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn 1980 I met Margot Hahl, a very close friend of Paul Tillich especially in his years as Privatdozent in Berlin. She told me a lot about their friendship and described his character to me. She explained the way he lived, and she gave me several letters Paul and Hannah had written to her. One of the documents she showed and gave me is a long letter written by herself to Hannah in December 1966. It is being published here with an introduction that describes the complex relationship between Margot Hahl and the Tillichs.
Molecular structure, Vibrational assignment, HOMO-LUMO and Mulliken analysis of 2-[4-amino-2-(4-methylphenylamino) thiazol-5-oyl]benzothiazole(AMPATOB)
Authors: Yardily Dr A 
Published: March 2016

The compound 2-[4-amino-2-(4-methylphenylamino) thiazol-5-oyl]benzothiazole (AMPATOB) was prepared from 1-(4-methylphenyl)-3-(N-nitroamidino)thiourea and 2-(2-bromoacetyl)benzothiazole in the presence of triethylamine and characterised by FTIR, NMR and mass spectra. The geometry of the molecule was investigated and optimized with the help of B3LYP/ 6-31G density functional theory (DFT) method using Gaussian 09 software package.
The calculated geometries such as bond lengths, bond angles, dihedral angles, atomic charges, harmonic vibrational wave numbers and intensities of vibrational bonds of the titled compound were investigated. The experimental 1H NMR and IR spectrum was compared with theoretical value. The molecule consists of three ring systems, all are lying in one plane.