bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying and Prioritizing Information Needs and Research Priorities of Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Practitioners
Authors: Siegfried Alexa L. , Carbone Eric G. , Meit Michael B. , Kennedy Mallory J. , Yusuf Hussain , Kahn Emily B. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectiveThis study describes findings from an assessment conducted to identify perceived knowledge gaps, information needs, and research priorities among state, territorial, and local public health preparedness directors and coordinators related to public health emergency preparedness and response (PHPR). The goal of the study was to gather information that would be useful for ensuring that future funding for research and evaluation targets areas most critical for advancing public health practice.MethodsWe implemented a mixed-methods approach to identify and prioritize PHPR research questions. A web survey was sent to all state, city, and territorial health agencies funded through the Public Health Emergency Preparedness (PHEP) Cooperative Agreement program and a sample of local health departments (LHDs). Three focus groups of state and local practitioners and subject matter experts from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) were subsequently conducted, followed by 3 meetings of an expert panel of PHPR practitioners and CDC experts to prioritize and refine the research questions.ResultsWe identified a final list of 44 research questions that were deemed by study participants as priority topics where future research can inform PHPR programs and practice. We identified differences in perceived research priorities between PHEP awardees and LHD survey respondents; the number of research questions rated as important was greater among LHDs than among PHEP awardees (75%, n=33, compared to 24%, n=15).ConclusionsThe research questions identified provide insight into public health practitioners’ perceived knowledge gaps and the types of information that would be most useful for informing and advancing PHPR practice. The study also points to a higher level of information need among LHDs than among PHEP awardees. These findings are important for CDC and the PHPR research community to ensure that future research studies are responsive to practitioners’ needs and provide the information required to enhance their capacity to meet the needs of the communities and jurisdictions they serve. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:552–561)
Impact of an educational workshop upon psychiatrists’ attitudes towards delirium care
Authors: O’Regan N. A. , Mohamad M. M. , Meagher D. J. 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesImproving knowledge about delirium care is a key target for health care. We describe the implementation of a four-part workshop focusing upon key aspects of delirium care.MethodsAttitudes towards and understanding of delirium diagnosis and management amongst psychiatrists were surveyed before and immediately after an educational workshop.ResultsThere were 62 participants. Pre-workshop, delirium was rated highly relevant to psychiatry. Overall level of confidence in diagnosis was modest, with the behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia considered the most challenging differential diagnosis. Only nine participants (15%) correctly identified DSM-5 delirium criteria. Preferred assessment of attention varied with six different approaches endorsed. Confidence was higher for managing hyperactive compared with hypoactive delirium (p<0.001). Pharmacotherapy was more frequently endorsed for hyperactive compared with hypoactive presentations, with haloperidol the most popular agent (p<0.001). A total of 41 (66%) participants completed post-workshop assessments. Post-workshop, there were significant increases to the perceived relevance of delirium (p = 0.003), confidence in overall diagnosis (p<0.001) accuracy of awareness of DSM-5 criteria (p<0.001), and confidence in treating different presentations (p<0.001). The Months Backward Test was the preferred bedside test of attention (38/40 respondents).ConclusionsThis interactive educational intervention impacted positively upon knowledge and attitudes amongst psychiatrists towards key aspects of delirium care. Further investigation can examine the impact upon longer term knowledge and behaviour.
NORMAL NUMBERS AND COMPLETENESS RESULTS FOR DIFFERENCE SETS
Authors: BEROS KONSTANTINOS A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe consider some natural sets of real numbers arising in ergodic theory and show that they are, respectively, complete in the classes${\cal D}_2 \left( {{\bf{\Pi }}_3^0 } \right)$and${\cal D}_\omega \left( {{\bf{\Pi }}_3^0 } \right)$, that is, the class of sets which are 2-differences (respectively,ω-differences) of${\bf{\Pi }}_3^0 $sets.
Theory, empiricism and practice: Commentary on TBLT in ARAL 2016
Authors: Bygate Martin , Gass Susan M. , Mackey Alison , Oliver Rhonda , Robinson Peter 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThis commentary includes consideration of theory, opinion, empirical work, evaluative work and practice in a subset of papers that appeared in ARAL (2016) on task-based language teaching. Addressing the wider logic, theoretical underpinnings and instructional implications of TBLT is a serious applied linguistics challenge and one that the TBLT area is increasingly in a position to engage with in the search for evidence-based solutions to problems in designing, implementing and assessing the effects of TBLT. The contributors take a sometimes approving, occasionally critical and always forward looking perspective on the contributions of ARAL 2016 and the directions and challenges facing the field.
The UN Decade of Nutrition, the NOVA food classification and the trouble with ultra-processing
Authors: Monteiro Carlos Augusto , Cannon Geoffrey , Moubarac Jean-Claude , Levy Renata Bertazzi , Louzada Maria Laura C , Jaime Patrícia Constante 
Published: March 2017

AbstractGiven evident multiple threats to food systems and supplies, food security, human health and welfare, the living and physical world and the biosphere, the years 2016–2025 are now designated by the UN as the Decade of Nutrition, in support of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. For these initiatives to succeed, it is necessary to know which foods contribute to health and well-being, and which are unhealthy. The present commentary outlines the NOVA system of food classification based on the nature, extent and purpose of food processing. Evidence that NOVA effectively addresses the quality of diets and their impact on all forms of malnutrition, and also the sustainability of food systems, has now accumulated in a number of countries, as shown here. A singular feature of NOVA is its identification of ultra-processed food and drink products. These are not modified foods, but formulations mostly of cheap industrial sources of dietary energy and nutrients plus additives, using a series of processes (hence ‘ultra-processed’). All together, they are energy-dense, high in unhealthy types of fat, refined starches, free sugars and salt, and poor sources of protein, dietary fibre and micronutrients. Ultra-processed products are made to be hyper-palatable and attractive, with long shelf-life, and able to be consumed anywhere, any time. Their formulation, presentation and marketing often promote overconsumption. Studies based on NOVA show that ultra-processed products now dominate the food supplies of various high-income countries and are increasingly pervasive in lower-middle- and upper-middle-income countries. The evidence so far shows that displacement of minimally processed foods and freshly prepared dishes and meals by ultra-processed products is associated with unhealthy dietary nutrient profiles and several diet-related non-communicable diseases. Ultra-processed products are also troublesome from social, cultural, economic, political and environmental points of view. We conclude that the ever-increasing production and consumption of these products is a world crisis, to be confronted, checked and reversed as part of the work of the UN Sustainable Development Goals and its Decade of Nutrition.
On the Analysis of Clustering in an Irradiated Low Alloy Reactor Pressure Vessel Steel Weld
Authors: Lindgren Kristina , Stiller Krystyna , Efsing Pål , Thuvander Mattias 
Published: March 2017

AbstractRadiation induced clustering affects the mechanical properties, that is the ductile to brittle transition temperature (DBTT), of reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steel of nuclear power plants. The combination of low Cu and high Ni used in some RPV welds is known to further enhance the DBTT shift during long time operation. In this study, RPV weld samples containing 0.04 at% Cu and 1.6 at% Ni were irradiated to 2.0 and 6.4×1023 n/m2 in the Halden test reactor. Atom probe tomography (APT) was applied to study clustering of Ni, Mn, Si, and Cu. As the clusters are in the nanometer-range, APT is a very suitable technique for this type of study. From APT analyses information about size distribution, number density, and composition of the clusters can be obtained. However, the quantification of these attributes is not trivial. The maximum separation method (MSM) has been used to characterize the clusters and a detailed study about the influence of the choice of MSM cluster parameters, primarily on the cluster number density, has been undertaken.
Modeling the kinematics and star formation history of Andromeda II by a gas-rich major merger of dwarf galaxies
Authors: Fouquet Sylvain , Łokas Ewa L. , del Pino Andrés 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe present an evolutionary model for the origin of Andromeda II, a dwarf spheroidal satellite of M31. The model is an extension of the scenario proposed by Łokas et al. (2014) involving a major merger between two gas-rich disky dwarf galaxies.
Inner and outer star forming regions over the discs of spiral galaxies I. Sample characterization
Authors: Rodríguez-Baras Marina , Díaz A.I. , Rosales-Ortega F.F. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis project is aimed at understanding the dependence of star formation on the environment by analysing young stellar populations in two very different positions in disk galaxies: circumnuclear and outer disk giant regions. Integral field spectroscopy (IFS) provide an ideal means to achieve these goals providing simultaneous spatial and spectral resolution. Here we present the characterization of the work sample, composed by 671 outer regions and 725 inner regions from 263 isolated spirals galaxies observed by the CALIFA survey. The wide number of regions in both samples allows us to obtain statistically relevant results about the influence of metallicity, density and environment on star formation, and how it disseminates over the galaxy, to obtain evolutionary stories for the star-forming regions and to compare our results with models of massive star formation and galactic chemical evolution.
The stellar mass distribution of S4G disk galaxies
Authors: Díaz-García Simón , Salo Heikki , Laurikainen Eija 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe use 3.6 μm imaging from the S4G survey to characterize the typical stellar density profiles (Σ*) and bars as a function of fundamental galaxy parameters (e.g. the total stellar massM*), providing observational constraints for galaxy simulation models to be compared with. We rescale galaxy images to a common frame determined by the size in physical units, by their disk scalelength, or by their bar size and orientation. We stack the resized images to obtain statistically representative average stellar disks and bars. For a givenM*bin (≥ 109M⊙), we find a significant difference in the stellar density profiles of barred and non-barred systems that gives evidence for bar-induced secular evolution of disk galaxies: (i) disks in barred galaxies show larger scalelengths and fainter extrapolated central surface brightnesses, (ii) the mean surface brightness profiles of barred and non-barred galaxies intersect each other slightly beyond the mean bar length, most likely at the bar corotation, and (iii) the central mass concentration of barred galaxies is larger (by almost a factor 2 whenT< 5) than in their non-barred counterparts. We also show that early- and intermediate-type spirals (0 ≤T< 5) host intrinsically narrower bars than the later types and S0s, whose bars are oval-shaped. We show a clear correlation between galaxy family and bar ellipticity.
Formation and evolution of spiral arms in galaxies orbiting a Virgo-like cluster
Authors: Semczuk Marcin , Łokas Ewa L. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe origin of spiral structure in disks of galaxies remains an open question. One of the theories predicts that two-armed, grand design spiral arms originate from tidal interactions with another body. Using N-body simulations we find that a Milky Way-like galaxy can develop spiral arms due to tidal force from a cluster-size dark matter halo.
Outer stellar disks and star-forming rings in S0 galaxies
Authors: Proshina I. S. , Kniazev A. Yu. , Sil’chenko O. K. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe have studied a small sample of star-forming outer rings in unbarred lenticular galaxies by means of long-slit spectroscopy. We have determined metallicities of the outer stellar disks and of the ionized gas in the rings. While the stellar disks of the S0s are metal-poor, [Z/H] < −0.4, the gas has strictly solar oxygen abundance in all the cases.
Galactoseismology in the GAIA Era
Authors: Chakrabarti Sukanya 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe GAIA satellite will provide unprecedented phase-space information for our Galaxy and enable a new era of Galactic dynamics. We may soon see successful realizations of Galactoseismology, i.e., inferring the characteristics of the Galactic potential and sub-structure from a dynamical analysis of observed perturbations in the gas or stellar disk of the Milky Way. Here, we argue that to maximally take advantage of the GAIA data and other complementary surveys, it is necessary to build comprehensive models for both the stars and the gas. We outline several key morphological puzzles of the Galactic disk and proposed solutions that may soon be tested.
What shapes stellar metallicity gradients of massive galaxies at large radii?
Authors: Hirschmann Michaela 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe investigate the differential impact of physical mechanisms, mergers and internal energetic phenomena, on the evolution of stellar metallicity gradients in massive, present-day galaxies employing sets of high-resolution, cosmological zoom simulations. We demonstrate that negative metallicity gradients at large radii (>2Reff) originate from the accretion of metal-poor stellar systems. At larger radii, galaxies become typically more dominated by stars accreted from satellite galaxies in major and minor mergers. However, only strong galactic, stellar-driven winds can sufficiently reduce the metallicity content of the accreted stars to realistically steepen the outer metallicity gradients in agreement with observations. In contrast, the gradients of the models without winds are inconsistent with observations. Moreover, we discuss the impact of additional AGN feedback. This analysis greatly highlights the importance of both energetic processes and merger events for stellar population properties of massive galaxies at large radii. Our results are expected to significantly contribute to the interpretation of current and up-coming IFU surveys (e.g. MaNGA, CALIFA).
The Connection between Molecular Gas and Star Formation in XUV Disks
Authors: Watson Linda C. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe found that star-forming regions in extended ultraviolet (XUV) disks are generally consistent with the molecular-hydrogen Kennicutt-Schmidt law that applies within the inner, optical disk. This is true for star formation rates based on Hα + 24 μm data or FUV + 24 μm data. We estimated that the star-forming regions have ages of 1 − 7 Myr and propose that the presence or absence of molecular gas provides an additional “clock” that may help distinguish between aging and stochasticity as the explanation for the low Hα-to-FUV flux ratios in XUV disks. This contribution is a summary of the work originally presented in Watson et al. (2016).
The MESSIER surveyor: unveiling the ultra-low surface brightness universe
Authors: Valls-Gabaud David ,   the MESSIER collaboration
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe MESSIER surveyor is a small mission designed at exploring the very low surface brightness universe. The satellite will drift-scan the entire sky in 6 filters covering the 200–1000 nm range, reaching unprecedented surface brightness levels of 34 and 37 mag arcsec−2 in the optical and UV, respectively. These levels are required to achieve the two main science goals of the mission: to critically test the ΛCDM paradigm of structure formation through (1) the detection and characterisation of ultra-faint dwarf galaxies, which are predicted to be extremely abundant around normal galaxies, but which remain elusive; and (2) tracing the cosmic web, which feeds dark matter and baryons into galactic haloes, and which may contain the reservoir of missing baryons at low redshifts. A large number of science cases, ranging from stellar mass loss episodes to intracluster light through fluctuations in the cosmological UV-optical background radiation are free by-products of the full-sky maps produced.
Dispersion in DLA metallicities and deuterium abundances
Authors: Dvorkin Irina , Silk Joseph , Vangioni Elisabeth , Petitjean Patrick , Olive Keith A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractRecent chemical abundance measurements of damped Lyman-alpha absorbers (DLAs) revealed a large intrinsic scatter in their metallicities. We discuss a semi-analytic model that was specifically designed to study this scatter by tracing the chemical evolution of the interstellar matter in small regions of the Universe with different mean density, from over- to underdense regions. It is shown that different histories of structure formation in these regions are reflected in the chemical properties of the proto-galaxies. We also address deuterium abundance measurements, which constitute a complementary probe of the star formation and infall histories.
The MAD View on the Outskirts of Disks
Authors: Carollo C. M. , Erroz-Ferrer S. , den Brok M. , Fagioli M. , Onodera M. , Tacchella S. ,   the MAD collaboration
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe present the MUSE Atlas of Disks (MAD), a GTO program with the MUSE spectrograph on the ESO/VLT that is dedicated to the study of the optical spectroscopic properties of z = 0 disk galaxies on the star-forming ‘Main Sequence’ at < 100 pc physical resolution. MUSE pointings on the MAD galaxies extend out to ~ 2 disk scale lengths, enabling to investigate the bulge and inner disk properties of galaxies with different outer disks. Here we specifically compare, at constant stellar-mass, the stellar population properties of the inner components in disks with down-bending (Type II) and up-bending (Type III) outer profiles. We highlight similarities in the inner stellar properties of such different hosts, which point at a universal inside-out growth of disks, as well as differences which suggest an additional role of stellar migration and/or gas accretion in the growth of disk galaxies with an outer up-bending profile, as expected from theoretical models.
Surfing on the bar: the formation of anti-truncated stellar disk profiles
Authors: Herpich Jakob , Stinson Gregory S. , Dutton Aaron A. , Hans-Walter Rix , Martig Marie 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe stellar radial profiles of disk galaxies are often observed to be truncated, or anti-truncated in the galaxies’ outskirts. As of now, the literature about galaxy formation lacks a model for the formation of observed anti-truncated stellar disks which is based on secular processes. We present an attempt to fill this gap. We were able to model anti-truncated disks in numerical SPH simulations of the formation of isolated galaxies. We will show that the stars in the outskirts of the simulated galactic disk are on very eccentric orbits but were formed on circular orbits at much smaller radii. We argue that a strong central bar is the main driver of the formation of such a disk configuration. The model predicts that such outer stellar disks should show very slow rotation, but high radial dispersion. If confirmed, their existence would constitute galaxy disks of qualitatively very new kinematic properties.
The dynamics of Andromeda's dwarf galaxies and stellar streams
Authors: Collins Michelle L. M. , Rich R. Michael , Ibata Rodrigo , Martin Nicolas , Preston Janet ,   The PAndAS collaboration
Published: March 2017

AbstractAs part of the Z-PAndAS Keck II DEIMOS survey of resolved stars in our neighboring galaxy, Andromeda (M31), we have built up a unique data set of measured velocities and chemistries for thousands of stars in the Andromeda stellar halo, particularly probing its rich and complex substructure. In this contribution, we will discuss the structural, dynamical and chemical properties of Andromeda's dwarf spheroidal galaxies, and how there is no observational evidence for a difference in the evolutionary histories of those found on and off M31's vast plane of satellites. We will also discuss a possible extension to the most significant merger event in M31 - the Giant Southern Stream - and how we can use this feature to refine our understanding of M31's mass profile, and its complex evolution.
Exploring the connection between stellar halo profiles and accretion histories in L* galaxies
Authors: Amorisco Nicola C. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractI use a library of controlled minor merger N-body simulations, a particle tagging technique and Monte Carlo generated ΛCDM accretion histories to study the highly stochastic process of stellar deposition onto the accreted stellar halos (ASHs) of L* galaxies. I explore the main physical mechanisms that drive the connection between the accretion history and the density profile of the ASH. I find that: i) through dynamical friction, more massive satellites are more effective at delivering their stars deeper into the host; ii) as a consequence, ASHs feature a negative gradient between radius and the local mass-weighed virial satellite-to-host mass ratio; iii) in L* galaxies, most ASHs feature a density profile that steepens towards sharper logarithmic slopes at increasing radii, though with significant halo-to-halo scatter; iv) the ASHs with the largest total ex-situ mass are such because of the chance accretion of a small number of massive satellites (rather than of a large number of low-mass ones).
Hippocampal and prefrontal processing of network topology to simulate the future
Authors: Javadi Amir-Homayoun , Emo Beatrix , Howard Lorelei R. , Zisch Fiona E. , Yu Yichao , Knight Rebecca , Pinelo Silva Joao , Spiers Hugo J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTopological networks lie at the heart of our cities and social milieu. However, it remains unclear how and when the brain processes topological structures to guide future behaviour during everyday life. Using fMRI in humans and a simulation of London (UK), here we show that, specifically when new streets are entered during navigation of the city, right posterior hippocampal activity indexes the change in the number of local topological connections available for future travel and right anterior hippocampal activity reflects global properties of the street entered. When forced detours require re-planning of the route to the goal, bilateral inferior lateral prefrontal activity scales with the planning demands of a breadth-first search of future paths. These results help shape models of how hippocampal and prefrontal regions support navigation, planning and future simulation.