bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family care conferences in long-term care: Exploring content and processes in end-of-life communication
Authors: Durepos Pamela , Kaasalainen Sharon , Sussman Tamara , Parker Deborah , Brazil Kevin , Mintzberg Susan , Te Alyssa 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTObjective:End-of-life (EoL) communication in long-term care (LTC) homes is often inadequate and delayed, leaving residents dying with unknown preferences or goals of care. Poor communication with staff contributes to families feeling unprepared, distressed, and dissatisfied with care. Family care conferences (FCCs) aim to increase structured systematic communication around goals and plans for the end of life. As part of the Strengthening a Palliative Approach to Care (SPA–LTC) project, FCCs were implemented in four LTC sites in Ontario, Canada. The purpose of this substudy was to examine FCC content and such guiding processes as documentation and multidisciplinary staff participation.Method:A total of 24 FCCs were held for residents with a Palliative Performance Scale score of 40% (nearing death). Data were collected from conference forms (i.e., Family Questionnaires, Care Plan Conference Summaries), site-specific electronic chart documents, and fieldnotes. Directed content analysis of data was informed by the Canadian Hospice Palliative Care Association's Square of Care Model, which describes eight domains of care: disease management, physical, psychological, social, practical, spiritual, EoL, and loss/bereavement.Results:The FCCs addressed an average of 71% of the content domains, with physical and EoL care addressed most frequently and loss/bereavement addressed the least. Two goals and five interventions were documented and planned on average per FCC. Examination of the processes supporting EoL communication found: (1) advantages to using FCC forms versus electronic charts; and (2) high levels of multidisciplinary participation overall but limited participation of personal support workers (PSWs) and physicians.Significance of Results:Communication around the end of life in LTC can be supported through the use of FCCs. Description of content and FCC processes provides guidance to persons implementing FCCs. Recommendations for tailoring conferences to optimize communication include use of specific conference forms, increased bereavement discussion, and further engagement of PSWs and physicians.
A Rights Turn in Climate Change Litigation?
Authors: Peel Jacqueline , Osofsky Hari M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn 2015, a Pakistani court in the case ofLeghariv.Federation of Pakistanmade history by accepting arguments that governmental failures to address climate change adequately violated petitioners’ rights. This case forms part of an emerging body of pending or decided climate change-related lawsuits that incorporate rights-based arguments in several countries, including the Netherlands, the Philippines, Austria, South Africa, and the United States (US). These decisions align with efforts to recognize the human rights dimensions of climate change, which received important endorsement in the Paris Agreement. The decisions also represent a significant milestone in climate change litigation. Although there have been hundreds of climate-based cases around the world over the past two decades – especially in the US – past and much of the ongoing litigation focuses primarily on statutory interpretation avenues. Previous efforts to bring human rights cases have also failed to achieve formal success. The new cases demonstrate an increasing trend for petitioners to employ rights claims in climate change lawsuits, as well as a growing receptivity of courts to this framing. This ‘rights turn’ could serve as a model or inspiration for rights-based litigation in other jurisdictions, especially those with similarly structured law and court access.
Phenotypic memory in Bacillus subtilis links dormancy entry and exit by a spore quantity-quality tradeoff
Authors: Mutlu Alper , Trauth Stephanie , Ziesack Marika , Nagler Katja , Bergeest Jan-Philip , Rohr Karl , Becker Nils , Höfer Thomas , Bischofs Ilka B. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSome bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis, withstand starvation by forming dormant spores that revive when nutrients become available. Although sporulation and spore revival jointly determine survival in fluctuating environments, the relationship between them has been unclear. Here we show that these two processes are linked by a phenotypic “memory” that arises from a carry-over of molecules from the vegetative cell into the spore. By imaging life histories of individual B. subtilis cells using fluorescent reporters, we demonstrate that sporulation timing controls nutrient-induced spore revival. Alanine dehydrogenase contributes to spore memory and controls alanine-induced outgrowth, thereby coupling a spore’s revival capacity to the gene expression and growth history of its progenitors. A theoretical analysis, and experiments with signaling mutants exhibiting altered sporulation timing, support the hypothesis that such an intrinsically generated memory leads to a tradeoff between spore quantity and spore quality, which could drive the emergence of complex microbial traits.
Human macrophages differentially produce specific resolvin or leukotriene signals that depend on bacterial pathogenicity
Authors: Werz Oliver , Gerstmeier Jana , Libreros Stephania , De la Rosa Xavier , Werner Markus , Norris Paul C. , Chiang Nan , Serhan Charles N. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractProinflammatory eicosanoids (prostaglandins and leukotrienes) and specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM) are temporally regulated during infections. Here we show that human macrophage phenotypes biosynthesize unique lipid mediator signatures when exposed to pathogenic bacteria. E. coli and S. aureus each stimulate predominantly proinflammatory 5-lipoxygenase (LOX) and cyclooxygenase pathways (i.e., leukotriene B4 and prostaglandin E2) in M1 macrophages. These pathogens stimulate M2 macrophages to produce SPMs including resolvin D2 (RvD2), RvD5, and maresin-1. E. coli activates M2 macrophages to translocate 5-LOX and 15-LOX-1 to different subcellular locales in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Neither attenuated nor non-pathogenic E. coli mobilize Ca2+ or activate LOXs, rather these bacteria stimulate prostaglandin production. RvD5 is more potent than leukotriene B4 at enhancing macrophage phagocytosis. These results indicate that M1 and M2 macrophages respond to pathogenic bacteria differently, producing either leukotrienes or resolvins that further distinguish inflammatory or pro-resolving phenotypes.
Microcephaly with Simplified Gyral Pattern Associated with Partial Rhombencephalosynapsis: A Case Report
Authors: Mesquita Jamila , Lucas Junior Ademar 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCongenital microcephaly with simplified gyral pattern has been well documented in the literature. It is characterized by a head circumference of less than two standard deviations for age associated with abnormal sulcation. In its mild presentation, this entity is usually described as an isolated anomaly. It presumably results from a brain insult associated with hypoxic–ischemic damage, intracranial infection, or metabolic disease. Rhombencephalosynapsis is a rare condition usually consisting of vermian agenesis or severe hypogenesis, fusion of the cerebellar hemispheres, and apposition or fusion of the dentate nuclei. There are several recent studies focusing on each one of those entities individually, but they do not show any correlation/association between the two of them. This is a case report of an 8-year-old child with neurodevelopmental delay who had episodes of seizures up to 3 years of age. An MRI scan showed marked craniofacial disproportion with dominance of the face over the skull, simplified gyral pattern associated with hypogenesis of the cerebellar vermis, and communication of the folia in the posterior segments of the cerebellar hemispheres. In this case report, we will briefly discuss cerebellar embryology and the process of cortical differentiation, as well as possible associations between rhombencephalosynapsis and other brain abnormalities.
Procalcitonin as Predictor of Bacterial Infection in Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
Authors: K. Mahendiran , Faridi M. , Singh N. , Batra Prerna 
Published: December 2017

Background There is a lack of definite consensus on indications for initiating antibiotics in neonates with meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), instigating researchers to search for a biomarker that can help differentiate MAS from MAS with bacterial infection.
Objective Our primary objective was to compare serum procalcitonin (PCT) levels in full-term vigorous neonates having MAS with or without bacterial infection.
Materials and Methods Seventy term vigorous neonates with diagnosis of MAS were enrolled. Blood samples were taken for sepsis screen, C-reactive protein (CRP), PCT, and blood culture at 6 ± 2 hours of respiratory distress. Neonates were categorized into group 1 (MAS without bacterial infection) and group 2 (MAS with bacterial infection) based on blood culture. The duration of our study was 18 months.
Results Mean ± standard deviation PCT level was 2.52 ± 3.99 in group 1 and 2.71 ± 4.22 in group 2, which was comparable. At cutoff of 0.1 ng/mL, PCT had a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 8% in detecting bacterial infection. Mean total leukocyte count, absolute neutrophil count, immature to total leucocyte ratio, microerythrocyte sedimentation rate, and CRP were comparable.
Conclusion Though PCT is an early and reliable marker of neonatal infection, the levels were increased in neonates with MAS irrespective of the presence of bacterial infection.
Polyhydramnios Affecting a Recipient-like Twin: Risk of Progression to Twin–Twin Transfusion Syndrome and Outcomes
Authors: Sparks Teresa , Gosnell Kristen , Rand Larry , Gonzalez Juan , Feldstein Vickie , Washburn Erin 
Published: December 2017

Objective The significance of polyhydramnios of one twin in the absence of oligohydramnios of the cotwin in monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twin pregnancies (polyhydramnios affecting a recipient-like twin [PART]) is unknown. Our aim is to assess the risk of progression to twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) with PART, progression to ≥ stage II TTTS, and neonatal survival.
Study Design This study was a retrospective cohort study of MCDA twin pregnancies with PART evaluated at a referral center from 2008 to 2015.
Results Sixty-four MCDA twin pregnancies with PART were identified. Fifteen (23.4%) progressed to TTTS, including 10 (15.6%) who progressed to ≥ stage II TTTS. Three pregnancies were terminated and one underwent selective reduction by radiofrequency ablation. Overall survival was 113 out of 128 (88.3%). Of those who remained stable, 91.8% (N = 45) had survival of both neonates. In multivariate analysis, the presence of arterioarterial (A-A) anastomosis by in utero Doppler ultrasound was associated with decreased risk of progression to TTTS (odds ratio: 0.12, p = 0.03, 95% confidence interval: 0.02–0.78).
Conclusion Most MCDA twin pregnancies with PART do not progress to TTTS and have a favorable prognosis. Progression rates are higher than observed in uncomplicated MCDA twins; however, so close surveillance is warranted. The presence of an A-A anastomosis appears to confer decreased risk of progression to TTTS.
A Systematic Review on the Use of Aspirin in the Prevention of Deep Vein Thrombosis in Major Elective Lower Limb Orthopedic Surgery: An Update from the Past 3 Years
Authors: Mistry Dylan , Chandratreya Amit , Lee Paul 
Published: December 2017

Introduction Currently there are no consensuses in the national guidance on thromboprophylaxis following major elective lower limb surgery. Emerging clinical evidence suggests that aspirin could be just as effective as anticoagulants with a lower cost. The aim of this study was to provide an update based on literature of the past 3 years for the use of aspirin as thromboprophylaxis after knee and hip arthroplasty.
Materials and Methods MEDLINE/EMBASE search was performed with appropriate terms for original articles from 2014 to 2017.
Results Eight articles were found. Five articles concluded that aspirin was an effective prophylactic. The collation of results on the deep vein thrombosis rate involved 43,012 patients who were prescribed aspirin, of which 283 (0.66%) suffered from symptomatic deep vein thromboses. Aspirin was noted for its good side effect profile and cost effectiveness. It was noted that anticoagulants had a higher rate of complications, including bleeding and wound-oozing.
Conclusion Aspirin is an effective and safe prophylactic against deep vein thrombosis following major elective lower limb arthroplasty surgery.
Accuracy of Ultrasound Estimated Fetal Weight in Small for Gestational Age and Appropriate for Gestational Age Grown Periviable Neonates
Authors: Himes Katherine , Haragan Adriane 
Published: December 2017

Objective Clinicians use estimated fetal weight (EFW) as a proxy for birth weight (BW) in the antenatal period. Our objective was to compare the accuracy of EFW obtained by ultrasound to BW among infants born during the periviable period and determine if accuracy of EFW varied among small for gestational age (SGA) versus appropriate for gestational age (AGA) grown neonates.
Study Design We included women who delivered between 230/7 and 256/7 weeks' gestation and had an EFW within 7 days of delivery. Mean percentage difference and median absolute percentage difference between EFW and BW were calculated.
Results Our cohort included 226 neonates with a mean gestational age of 241/7 ± 0.8 weeks and median BW of 653 g (interquartile range [IQR]: 580–750 g). The median absolute percentage difference between EFW and BW of fetal weight estimates was 9.2% (IQR: 3.6–17.2). EFW overestimated BW for 75% (n = 171) of the cohort. Among SGA infants, the mean percentage difference in EFW and BW was 16.2 ± 19.4% versus 6.9% ± 13.1% in AGA infants (p = 0.019).
Conclusion EFW overestimated BW in this cohort. In addition, ultrasound was less accurate among infants born SGA. These data are important to consider when counseling families facing periviable delivery.
Epidurals and the Modern Labor Curve: How Epidural Timing Impacts Fetal Station during Active Labor
Authors: Tuuli Methodius , Stout Molly , Woolfolk Candice , Roehl Kimberly , Macones George , Cahill Alison , Lewkowitz Adam 
Published: December 2017

Objective The objective of this study was to estimate epidural timing's impact on fetal station during active labor.
Study Design This secondary analysis of a single-institution prospective cohort study included all term singleton pregnancies, stratified by parity. Those with early epidurals (placed at <6 cm) were compared with those with late epidurals (placed at ≥6 cm). The primary outcome was median fetal station from 6 to 10 cm. Secondary outcomes included rate of prolonged first or second stage of labor (>95%). Multivariable logistic regression adjusted for labor type.
Results Among 7,647 women, 3,434 were nulliparous (2,983 with early epidurals and 451 with late epidurals) and 4,213 multiparous (3,141 with early epidurals and 1,072 with late epidurals). Interquartile ranges (IQRs) suggested fetal station at 6 cm was likely lower among those with early epidurals (nulliparous: median head station −1 [IQR: −1 to 0] for early epidural vs. −1 [IQR: −2 to 0] for late epidural, p < 0.01; multiparous: −1 (IQR: −2 to 0] for early epidural vs. −1 [IQR: −3 to −1] for late epidural, p < 0.01). Early epidurals were not associated with increased risk of prolonged first stage, but among nulliparous were associated with decreased risk of prolonged second stage (adjusted odds ratio: 0.66 [95% confidence interval: 0.44–0.99]).
Conclusion Early epidurals were associated with lower fetal station in active labor but not prolonged first stage.
Digitale Gesundheitsanwendungen – Rahmenbedingungen zur Nutzung in Versorgung, Strukturentwicklung und Wissenschaft – Positionspapier der AG Digital Health des DNVF
Authors: Vollmar Horst , Kramer Ursula , Müller Hardy , Griemmert Maria , Noelle Guido , Schrappe Matthias 
Published: December 2017

ZusammenfassungDer Begriff Digital Health (digitale Gesundheitsanwendungen) ist zurzeit der umfassendste und schließt alle Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien aus dem Gesundheitsbereich mit ein, inkl. E-Health, Mobile Health, Telemedizin, Big Data, Gesundheits-Apps und anderen. Digital Health kann als ein Paradebeispiel für den Einsatz des Konzeptes und der Methodik der Versorgungsforschung gelten, wo es um das Zusammenspiel von komplexen Interventionen und komplexem Kontext geht. Das Positionspapier betrachtet 1) Digital Health als Gegenstand der Versorgungsforschung und 2) Digital Health als methodische und wissenschaftsethische Herausforderung für die Versorgungsforschung. Der häufig postulierte Nutzen, der von Digital Health-Interventionen erwartet wird, sollte durch gute Studien nachweisbar sein. Erste systematische Evaluationen von Apps zur „Behandlungsunterstützung“ liefern teilweise Ergebnisse, die eher auf einen Schaden, denn auf einen Nutzen hinweisen. Die Forderung eines Nachweises von Nutzen bzw. Risiken gilt erst recht für Big Data-gestützte Interventionen, die Entscheidungsprozesse im Behandlungsablauf unter Zuhilfenahme von Künstlicher Intelligenz unterstützen. Natürlich ist es aus Sicht der Versorgungsforschung anstrebenswert, möglichst an dem durch Digital Health verfügbaren Datenzugang zu partizipieren und „Big Data“ zu nutzen. Es besteht allerdings die Gefahr, dass es durch eine unkritische Anwendung von Digital Health und Big Data zu einer Rückkehr zum linearen, naturwissenschaftlich-biomedizinischen Forschungsverständnis kommt, der bestenfalls komplizierte Verhältnisse unter der Annahme multivariater Modelle akzeptiert und komplexe Sachverhalte nicht zur Kenntnis nimmt. Es geht für die Versorgungsforschung nicht nur darum, wissenschaftsethischen Anforderungen zu genügen, indem statt unnötiger Forschung („reducing waste“) bessere Forschung gemacht wird, sondern vor allem darum, die gesellschaftlichen Konsequenzen (Systemebene) der wissenschaftlichen Analyse und Evaluation zu antizipieren. Dies birgt für die Versorgungsforschung die anspruchsvolle, gleichseitig aber attraktive Option, sich über die Kompetenz, eine solche Diskussion zu initiieren und zu führen, als reifes und verantwortungsvolles Wissenschaftsgebiet zu präsentieren.
Zum Jahreswechsel 2017/2018
Authors: Giunta Riccardo 
Published: December 2017

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,zum Abschluss des Jahres haben wir wieder mal ein ausgesprochen spannendes und abwechslungsreiches Heft zum Thema Plastische Chirurgie
zusammengestellt: In diesem Jahr haben wir nach Herrn Prof. Hanno Millesi im August auch eine weitere Pionierin der Plastischen Chirurgie mit
Frau Prof. Ursula Schmidt-Tintemann aus München Vaterstetten verloren. Wir haben diesmal einen Nachruf aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven
verfasst, um ihrer Bedeutung für die Plastische Chirurgie in Deutschland gerecht zu werden und dies für die nachfolgenden Generationen
festzuhalten.
An examination of ideology in translation via modality: Wild Swans and Mao’s Last Dancer
Authors: Li Long 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
This paper compares the semantics of grammatical choices in Chinese with the system of modality in English, with particular reference to descriptions from systemic functional linguistics. The latter is a theory much informed by both English and Chinese in its development. Based on existing literature on language typology, this paper seeks not only an examination of the usefulness of this grammatical potential to translation scholars but also to provide more delicate typological descriptions to ensure commensurability in translation. As modality is often expected to be a key site for expressing interpersonal judgements, this paper investigates whether choices in this system can be indicative of patterns of ideologically motivated regularities, or shifts, in the translated texts. This paper uses the Chinese translations of Wild Swans and Mao’s Last Dancer as domains of study, both of which are highly successful but politically controversial autobiographies written in English by Chinese migrant writers. Incorporating both quantitative and qualitative approaches, this study has found how meaningful choices of modality have altered the evaluation of political leaders.
SV2: accurate structural variation genotyping and de novo mutation detection from whole genomes
Authors: Antaki Danny , Brandler William M , Sebat Jonathan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Structural variation (SV) detection from short-read whole genome sequencing is error prone, presenting significant challenges for population or family-based studies of disease.

Results
Here, we describe SV2, a machine-learning algorithm for genotyping deletions and duplications from paired-end sequencing data. SV2 can rapidly integrate variant calls from multiple structural variant discovery algorithms into a unified call set with high genotyping accuracy and capability to detect de novo mutations.

Availability and implementation
SV2 is freely available on GitHub (https://github.com/dantaki/SV2).

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Predicts Histopathological Composition of Ileal Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Wagner Mathilde , Ko Huaibin Mabel , Chatterji Manjil , Besa Cecilia , Torres Joana , Zhang Xiaofei , Panchal Hinaben , Hectors Stefanie , Cho Judy , Colombel Jean-Frederic , Harpaz Noam , Taouli Bachir 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackground and AimsRecently, smooth muscle hypertrophy has been suggested to be a contributor to small bowel lesions secondary to Crohn’s disease [CD], in addition to inflammation and fibrosis. Here, we assess the value of magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] for the characterisation of histopathological tissue composition of small bowel CD, including inflammation, fibrosis, and smooth muscle hypertrophy.MethodsA total of 35 consecutive patients [male/female 17/18, mean age 33 years] with ileal CD, who underwent small bowel resection and a preoperative contrast-enhanced MRI examination within 1 month before surgery, were retrospectively included. Image assessment included qualitative [pattern/degree of enhancement, presence of ulcerations/fistulas/abscesses] and quantitative parameters [wall thickness on T2/T1-weighted images [WI], enhancement ratios, apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC], Clermont and Magnetic Resonance Index of Activity [MaRIA] scores). MRI parameters were compared with histopathological findings including active inflammation, collagen deposition, and muscle hypertrophy using chi square/Fisher or Mann-Whitney tests and univariate/multivariate logistic/linear regression analyses.ResultsForty ileal segments were analysed in 35 patients. Layered pattern at early-post-contrast phase was more prevalent (odds ratio [OR] = 8; p = 0.008), ADC was significantly lower [OR = 0.005; p = 0.022], and MaRIA score was significantly higher [OR = 1.125; p = 0.022] in inflammation grades 2–3 compared with grade 1. Wall thickness on T2WI was significantly increased [OR = 1.688; p = 0.043], and fistulas [OR = 14.5; p = 0.017] were more prevalent in segments with disproportionately increased muscle hypertrophy versus those with disproportionately increased fibrosis. MaRIA/Clermont scores, wall thickness on T1WI and T2WI, and ADC were all significantly correlated with degree of muscular hypertrophy.ConclusionsMRI predicts the degree of inflammation, and can distinguish prominent muscle hypertrophy from prominent fibrosis in ileal CD with reasonable accuracy (area under receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC] &gt; 0.7).