bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light and scanning electron microscopic features of the tongue in cattle egret
Authors: Al‐Ahmady Al‐Zahaby Sheren 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTAdult individuals of both sexes were sacrificed by decapitation and their tongues were teared out in order to be investigated. Cattle egret's tongue is distinguished into the apex, body, and root regions. A shallow median sulcus is apparently noticed on the dorsal surface of the tongue's body only. Histologically, the tongue mucosa is covered with a thick parakeratinized epithelium. The dorsal epithelia of the apex and body are densely packed with exfoliated superficial cells. However, the dorsal surface showed microridges observed on the surface epithelial cells. In the body region, the gland's outlets are integrated in glandular patches on the top of keratinized folds at both sides of the median sulcus. The ventral surface of the tongue is devoid of any glandular outlets. The egret's tongue is supported by a paraglossum cartilage wrapped up with a fibrous perichondrium and striated muscle fibers. It extends ventrally as paraglossale apex then flattened in the body giving the corpus paraglossale which bifurcates caudally in the root giving paraglossalis caudalis. The tongue exhibits certain features that are unique as an adaptation to food intake, the type of food, lifestyles and bird's habitat with no any sex‐specific differences. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:595–603, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sign language in the CT suite: a new approach in communicating between radiologists and radiographers
Authors: Wang Edward H. , Sampson Matthew J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWhen performing CT‐guided procedures or angiographic procedures, radiologists performing procedures need to communicate with radiographers at a workstation behind radiation shielding glass. As shielding renders verbal communication impossible, we have developed a set of standardised hand signals for use at our department to help us achieve clear and efficient communication between radiologists and radiographers while performing CT‐guided or angiographic procedures.
Non‐annular response of sea ice cover in the Indian sector of the Antarctic during extreme SAM events
Authors: Deb Pranab , Dash Mihir Kumar , Dey Subhra Prakash , Pandey Prem Chand 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the impact of wind‐induced sea ice drift on sea ice cover over the Indian Ocean sector of the Southern Ocean (IOS) in the contrasting Southern Annular Mode (SAM) years during a summer (February) and a winter (July) month. Analysis of reanalysis wind shows that during positive SAM events, westerlies show stronger and more zonal flow over the west IOS (west of 45°E), while a stronger northerly component is seen over the east IOS, to the south of 55°S during both February and July. This is attributed to the zonally asymmetric feature of sea level pressure over the IOS. A coupled ocean–sea ice model was forced with dynamical wind forcing for positive and negative SAM events during above months. The zonal contrast as seen in wind and surface current is transferred to the sea ice drift. A stronger zonal eastward sea ice drift is apparent over the west IOS, suggesting increased transport of sea ice from the Weddell Sea region in July. The eastward advection of sea ice results in piling of sea ice over west IOS and causes an increase in sea ice concentration and thickness. Over east IOS, the sea ice drift shows a strong southeastward anomaly from the sea ice edge towards the coast. This results in a piling of sea ice near the coast and a divergence of sea ice near the edge. This results in a negative anomaly in sea ice concentration and sea ice thickness over east IOS. Thus, the dynamical SAM forcing leads to a non‐annular response in sea ice cover over the IOS.
A study of the scaling properties of rainfall in spain and its appropriateness to generate intensity‐duration‐frequency curves from daily records
Authors: Rodríguez‐Solà Raúl , Casas‐Castillo M. Carmen , Navarro Xavier , Redaño Ángel 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTA methodology based on the fractal properties of rainfall has been applied to obtain the intensity‐duration‐frequency, IDF, curves for 100 pluviometric Spanish stations over the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands from their daily precipitation series. The scaling behaviour of maximum rainfall intensities has been investigated and simple scaling has resulted suitable. This methodology has been verified in three emblematic observatories with available sub‐daily registers and current known generalized IDF relationships: the Fabra Observatory of Barcelona, the Ebre Observatory near Tortosa (Tarragona) and the Retiro Observatory of Madrid. Despite some general concordance with the mean annual rainfall distribution over Spain, the spatial distribution of the scaling parameter found for the 100 stations shows some discrepancies in diverse areas probably due to the influence of other features, as the inter‐annual rainfall variability and the contribution of convective rainfall to total precipitation, on the characteristic rainfall pattern in these areas.
Polyaniline‐coated cigarette filters as a solid‐phase extraction sorbent for the extraction and enrichment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in water samples
Authors: Bunkoed Opas , Rueankaew Thanaschaphorn , Nurerk Piyaluk , Kanatharana Proespichaya 
Published: April 2016

Polyaniline coated cigarette filters were successfully synthesized and used as a solid‐phase extraction sorbent for the extraction and preconcentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples. The polyaniline helped to enhance the adsorption ability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the sorbent through π–π interactions. The high porosity and large surface area of the cigarette filters helped to reduce backpressure and can be operated with high sample flow rate without loss of extraction efficiency. The developed sorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The parameters that affected the extraction efficiencies, i.e. polymerization time, type of desorption solvent and its volume, sample flow rate, sample volume, sample pH, ionic strength, and organic modifier were investigated. Under the optimal conditions, the method was linear over the range of 0.5–10 μg/L and a detection limit of 0.5 ng/L. This simple, rapid, and cost‐effective method was successfully applied to the preconcentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water samples. The developed method provided a high enrichment factor with good extraction efficiency (85–98%) and a relative standard deviation <10%.
Stochastic simulation for the precipitation frequency over some Brazilian cities through the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm
Authors: Santos Marconio , Lucio Paulo Sérgio , Gomes Ana Carla 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThis work analyses precipitation patterns in Brazilian cities with different climatic classifications, according to Köppen–Geiger, in order to estimate the probability of precipitation on any day of a particular month. It is focused on the frequency of precipitation and its probability. For this aim, the R software was used to perform stochastic simulations by the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm, assuming that the days of a particular month are distributed identically regarding the frequency of rainfall. It is also assumed that this frequency can be modelled by the Beta distribution, with adjusted parameters. The distribution proposed in this work is suitable for adequately estimating the frequency of precipitation when the average chosen rates are higher than 50%. However, this frequency could not be approximated by the proposed method, because the average chosen rates were <50%. The results can contribute to numerical prediction models for cities with a shortage of or missing rainfall data, providing information that contributes to urban planning in these cities.
Computational aspects of a new multi‐scale dispersive gradient elasticity model with micro‐inertia
Authors: De Domenico Dario , Askes Harm 
Published: April 2016

SummaryComputational aspects of a recently developed gradient elasticity model are discussed in this paper. This model includes the (Aifantis) strain gradient term along with two higher‐order acceleration terms (micro‐inertia contributions). It has been demonstrated that the presence of these three gradient terms enables one to capture the dispersive wave propagation with great accuracy. In this paper, the discretisation details of this model are thoroughly investigated, including both discretisation in time and in space. Firstly, the critical time step is derived that is relevant for conditionally stable time integrators. Secondly, recommendations on how to choose the numerical parameters, primarily the element size and time step, are given by comparing the dispersion behaviour of the original higher‐order continuum with that of the discretised medium. In so doing, the accuracy of the discretised model can be assessed a priori depending on the selected discretisation parameters for given length‐scales. A set of guidelines can therefore be established to select optimal discretisation parameters that balance computational efficiency and numerical accuracy. These guidelines are then verified numerically by examining the wave propagation in a one‐dimensional bar as well as in a two‐dimensional example. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A coupled SDPH–FVM method for gas‐particle multiphase flow: Methodology
Authors: Chen Fuzhen , Qiang Hongfu , Zhang Han , Gao Weiran 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThis paper describes a novel methodology that combines smoothed discrete particle hydrodynamics (SDPH) and finite volume method (FVM) to enhance the effective performance in solving the problems of gas‐particle multiphase flow. To describe the collision and fluctuation of particles, this method also increases a new parameter, namely, granular temperature, according to the kinetic theory of granular flow. The coupled framework of SDPH–FVM has been established, in which the drag force and pressure gradient act on the SDPH particles and the momentum sources of drag force are added back onto the FVM mesh. The proposed technique is a coupled discrete‐continuum method based on the two‐fluid model. To compute for the discrete phase, its SDPH is developed from smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), in which the properties of SPH are redefined with some new physical quantities added into the traditional SPH parameters, so that it is more beneficial for SDPH in representing the particle characteristics. For the continuum phase, FVM is employed to discretize the continuum flow field on a stationary grid by capturing fluid characteristics. The coupled method exhibits strong efficiency and accuracy in several two‐dimensional numerical simulations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Local and non‐local thermomechanical modeling of elastic‐plastic materials undergoing large strains
Authors: Wcisło Balbina , Pamin Jerzy 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThis paper deals with the numerical analysis of instabilities for elastic‐plastic materials undergoing large deformations in non‐isothermal conditions. The considered isotropic model is fully thermomechanically coupled and includes temperature‐induced softening, which is another source of strain localization next to geometrical effects. Due to complexity of the model, a symbolic‐numerical tool Ace is used for the preparation of user‐supplied subroutines for the finite element method. The computational verification is performed using two benchmark tests: necking of circular bar in tension and shear banding of elongated rectangular plate in plain strain conditions. The attention is focused on mesh dependence of the numerical results and the regularizing effect of heat conduction. The research reveals that the conductivity influences the shear band width and ductility of the material response; however, for the adiabatic case, the results are discretization sensitive, and another regularization is needed. A new gradient‐enhanced thermomechanical model is developed that introduces an internal length parameter governing the size of the shear band caused by thermal softening. The numerical verification of the non‐local model is performed for the adiabatic case. Subsequently, the simultaneous application of the gradient enhancement and heat conduction in the model is analyzed, which reproduces an evolving shear band. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maternal inflammation during pregnancy and childhood adiposity
Authors: Gaillard Romy , Rifas‐Shiman Sheryl L. , Perng Wei , Oken Emily , Gillman Matthew W. 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveMaternal pre‐pregnancy obesity is associated with offspring obesity. Underlying mechanisms may involve a maternal obesity‐mediated proinflammatory state during pregnancy. Maternal C‐reactive protein (CRP) level during pregnancy is a biomarker of low‐grade systemic inflammation.MethodsAmong 1,116 mother‐child pairs, this study examined associations of maternal second‐trimester CRP plasma level, measured by high‐sensitivity CRP arrays, with mid‐childhood DXA fat mass index (FMI), trunk fat mass index (trunkFMI), fat‐free mass index (FFMI), and early and mid‐childhood BMI‐z and waist circumference (WC). Main analyses were adjusted for maternal sociodemographic and lifestyle‐related characteristics, gestational age at blood draw, and child's age and sex.ResultsHigher maternal CRP level was associated with higher mid‐childhood FMI and trunkFMI (adjusted difference: 0.15 kg/m2 [95% CI: 0.01, 0.29] [P = 0.04] and 0.06 kg/m2 [95% CI: 0.00, 0.12] [P = 0.06], per SD increment in maternal CRP, respectively), but not FFMI. Higher maternal CRP level was associated with higher early and mid‐childhood BMI‐z and WC in the basic models [P < 0.05], but these associations attenuated after adjustment for maternal characteristics (adjusted difference in early and mid‐childhood BMI‐z and WC: 0.05 [95% CI: −0.03, 0.13] [P = 0.20], 0.10 cm [95% CI: −0.17, 0.37] [P = 0.46], 0.07 [95% CI: −0.01, 0.14] [P = 0.09], 0.34 cm [95% CI: −0.25, 0.94] [P = 0.26], per SD increment in maternal CRP, respectively).ConclusionsHigher second‐trimester maternal CRP level was associated with higher mid‐childhood overall and central adiposity.
Coconut water drink and the risk of hyperkalaemia in diabetes
Authors: Devgun MS 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCoconut water is available as a substitute for table water and as a sports rehydrating drink. Because of the nature of its micronutrients, it may lead to biochemical changes that may not be beneficial for all groups of people.A patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus consumed daily around one litre of coconut water drink. As a result, there was a gradual increase in serum potassium. On cessation of beverage consumption, serum potassium decreased to within the reference interval. However, an increase in urea and creatinine concentration did not revert to the level seen prior to coconut water consumption. There was a decrease in serum alkaline phosphatase and zinc when consuming the beverage. Reduction occurred in diastolic blood pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate, serum enzymes and zinc, while serum potassium concentration increased in this patient with type 2 diabetes. The observed changes resulted from consuming excessive quantities of coconut water drinks.In patients with diabetes and renal impairment and on potassium‐retaining medication, there is a high risk of developing hyperkalaemia. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons.
Renal safety of newer medications
Authors: Puttanna Amar , Varadhan Lakshminarayanan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractOver the last 10 years there has been a seismic change in the therapeutic options available to clinicians in managing patients with type 2 diabetes. Three different classes of drugs – the DPP‐4 inhibitors, GLP‐1 receptor agonists and SGLT‐2 inhibitors – as well as new insulins such as degludec have added to the repertoire of the diabetologist. However, one concern still remains and limits the management of the patient with diabetes: renal impairment. Many of the options for managing patients with type 2 diabetes, though generally safe in mild to moderate renal impairment, are restricted or ineffective in severe renal impairment.This article will aim to focus on and discuss the current newer medications, their renal safety and dosing, as well as the implications of use in patients with renal impairment. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons.
Technology advances needed for photovoltaics to achieve widespread grid price parity
Authors: Jones‐Albertus Rebecca , Feldman David , Fu Ran , Horowitz Kelsey , Woodhouse Michael 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTo quantify the potential value of technological advances to the photovoltaics (PV) sector, this paper examines the impact of changes to key PV module and system parameters on the levelized cost of energy (LCOE). The parameters selected include module manufacturing cost, efficiency, degradation rate, and service lifetime. NREL's System Advisor Model (SAM) is used to calculate the lifecycle cost per kilowatt‐hour (kWh) for residential, commercial, and utility scale PV systems within the contiguous United States, with a focus on utility scale. Different technological pathways are illustrated that may achieve the Department of Energy's SunShot goal of PV electricity that is at grid price parity with conventional electricity sources. In addition, the impacts on the 2015 baseline LCOE due to changes to each parameter are shown. These results may be used to identify research directions with the greatest potential to impact the cost of PV electricity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mass spectrometry of transferrin glycoforms to detect congenital disorders of glycosylation: Site‐specific profiles and pitfalls
Authors: Wada Yoshinao 
Published: April 2016

Mass spectrometry of transferrin is an established method for the detection and diagnosis of congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG). Transferrin is an 80 kDa glycoprotein and the glycoform at two N‐glycosylation sites is comprised of a di‐sialylated biantennary oligosaccharide as the major form and minor species with fucosylated or triantennary structures. Rapid CDG screening is carried out by MS of native transferrin. On the other hand, MS of glycopeptides enables site‐specific determination of glycoforms, and the affinity‐based enrichment of glycopeptides from a complex mixture of proteolytic peptides facilitates efficient analysis. MS of glycopeptides reveals the presence of immature glycoforms even in healthy individuals, indicating that the diagnosis of CDG based on molecular phenotypes requires quantitative evaluation. In this technical note, the aberrant glycosylation profiles of CDG cases are presented to shed light on the MS of native transferrin and glycopeptides from the viewpoint of clinical glycoproteomics.
Rouse–Bueche theory and the calculation of the monomeric friction coefficient in a filled system
Authors: Martinetti Luca , Macosko Christopher W. , Bates Frank S. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTDirect experimental access to the monomeric friction coefficient (ζ0) relies on the availability of a suitable polymer dynamics model. Thus far, no method has been suggested that is applicable to filled systems, such as filled rubbers or microphase‐segregated A–B–A thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) atTg,B < T < Tg,A. Building upon the procedure proposed by Ferry for entangled and unfilled polymer melts, the Rouse–Bueche theory is applied to an undiluted triblock copolymer to extractζ0from the linear behavior in the rubber‐glass transition region, and to estimate the size of Gaussian submolecules. When compared at constantT – Tg, the matrix monomeric friction factor is consistent with the corresponding value for the homopolymer melt. In addition, the characteristic Rouse dimensions are in good agreement with independent estimates based on the Kratky–Porod worm‐like chain model. These results seem to validate the proposed approach for estimatingζ0in filled systems. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys.2016,54, 1437–1442
Designing efficient doped NiOOH catalysts for water splitting with first principles calculations
Authors: Zaffran Jeremie , Toroker Maytal Caspary 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPhotoelectrochemical cells aim at producing clean fuels with solar energy. However, the major limitation of this technology is the efficiency of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) occurring at the anode electrode. One of the best catalysts for this reaction is nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH) when doped with iron. In this work, we use Density Functional Theory (DFT)+U calculations to systematically scan various metallic dopants for NiOOH. We predict that doping with middle and late transition metals significantly lowers the overpotential. Furthermore, we demonstrate that overpotential value is correlated to the adsorption energies of some specific reaction intermediates and to the chemical nature of the active center. Among the metallic dopants that we considered, late transition metal oxides exhibit great promise for improving reaction efficiency. Our results agree with trends observed in available experiments.
Is there any Real Effect of Low Dimensional Morphologies towards Light Harvesting? A Case Study of Au–rGO‐TiO2 Nanocomposites
Authors: Melvin Ambrose A. , Bharad Pradnya A. , Illath Kavya , Lawrence Meenu P. , Gopinath Chinnakonda S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractNanotube and nanosheet morphologies have been celebrated for their electron transport properties. Present work has been explored to exploit the same by combining 1D TiO2 nanotube (1D‐TN) with 2D reduced graphene oxide (rGO) along with nano gold for visible light sensitization for photocatalytic H2 generation under one sun condition and visible light (λ≥ 400 nm). Vertical and horizontal electron transport in 1D‐TN and rGO, respectively, is combined with the visible light absorption capability of Au nanoparticle. H2 yield (HY) varies between 100 and 655 µmol/g.h with an apparent quantum yield between 0.45 and 3.2 %, respectively, depending on Au/rGO/1D‐TN preparation method and reaction conditions. It has been demonstrated that interfacial contact between rGO/1D‐TN and Au is crucial for high photocatalytic HY. Preparation method influences charge utilization, and hence HY, to a large extent. Nonetheless, the maximum HY reported in the present work is just comparable to HY reported in literature with the most commonly found spherical morphology, and this leads to a question of, is there any real influence of 1D and/or 2D materials, particularly, towards light harvesting applications?
Palladium Complexes with Tetradentate Schiff Bases or their Corresponding Amines: Synthesis and Application in Heck Reactions
Authors: Andrade Aretha P. S. , Arantes Lucas M. , Kadooca Juliana Y. , Carvalho Renato L. , de Fátima Ângelo , Sabino Adão A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis article describes the synthesis of six palladium complexes derived from three bis‐imines or their corresponding amines. These metallic complexes were evaluated as promising catalysts for Heck reaction. The potential of such organometallic catalysts was investigated using the coupling between bromobenzene and styrene as reaction model, involving evaluation of ranging bases, different solvents, reaction times and the quantity of palladium catalyst. Our findings indicate that the complexes obtained from amines are better than those from imines. Dimethyl acetamide (DMA) and sodium carbonate were the best solvents and bases in the Heck coupling reaction, respectively. In summary, these Schiff bases and corresponding amines provide an innovative opportunity to develop new catalytic systems for the Heck reaction.