bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Existential Goods of Living in the Instant: Life Lessons from the Ancients
Authors: Innis Robert E. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
In a challenging work of intellectual synthesis and existential engagement, Pierre Hadot argues for the permanent relevance of certain spiritual exercises that informed ancient philosophy especially in its Stoic and Epicurean forms. These exercises were oriented toward overcoming the fear of death and the constant anguish of longing and regret that mark human life. Taking his lead from the Meditations of Marcus Aurelius, but incorporating a vast range of materials, Hadot challenges us to appropriate the life lessons of the ancients. In this essay I evaluate and extend Hadot's reflections by focusing in particular on the existential good and centrality for human living of living in the instant, exemplified in being present to one's life in all its dimensions. In this way our rush through time to death is overcome in a way analogous to the awakening to the world that informs aesthetic experience in ways that transcend any restriction to art alone and extends to the recognition and contemplation of the marvel of the cosmos, an existential stance that joins the ancients with a nonreductive philosophical naturalism that is remarkably close to the ancient tradition.
Speaking of Being: Language, Speech, and Silence in Being and Time
Authors: Absher Brandon 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
Much of the English-language reception of Heidegger's early thinking about language (Sprache) and speech (Rede) is organized around two interpretive devices. The first device is a distinction between “instrumental” and “constitutive” conceptions of language. The second device involves a further distinction between “pragmatic” and “linguistic” readings of Heidegger. In this essay, by contrast, I propose an interpretation of Heidegger's early accounts of language and speech that breaks with these frameworks and that indicates why such readings of Heidegger distort his thinking. Genuine speech, I argue, designates precisely onto-logy—a speaking grounded in silent listening to the ab-sent origin. In contrast to common interpretive devices, then, Heidegger understands language as the expression (Aussprechen) of onto-logy. Unlike the interpretive devices previously mentioned, this interpretation of Heidegger's work makes possible a reading of his account of silence and the call of conscience. Dasein is itself genuinely discovered only in silence, which is a kind of listening in which one hearkens to the call of conscience. The reifying tendencies of the “pragmatic” and “linguistic” readings of Heidegger, however, ultimately conceal these phenomena even though they are central to Heidegger's treatment of language and speech in Being and Time.
Thin film deposition at atmospheric pressure using dielectric barrier discharges: Advances on three-dimensional porous substrates and functional coatings
Authors: Fanelli Fiorenza , Bosso Piera , Mastrangelo Anna Maria , Fracassi Francesco 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Surface processing of materials by atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) has experienced significant growth in recent years. Considerable research efforts have been directed for instance to develop a large variety of processes which exploit different DBD electrode geometries for the direct and remote deposition of thin films from precursors in gas, vapor and aerosol form. This article briefly reviews our recent progress in thin film deposition by DBDs with particular focus on process optimization. The following examples are provided: (i) the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of thin films on an open-cell foam accomplished by igniting the DBD throughout the entire three-dimensional (3D) porous structure of the substrate, (ii) the preparation of hybrid organic/inorganic nanocomposite coatings using an aerosol-assisted process, (iii) the DBD jet deposition of coatings containing carboxylic acid groups and the improvement of their chemical and morphological stability upon immersion in water.
Absolute densities of Cu, Zn, Sn, and S atoms in magnetron sputtering plasmas employing a Cu2ZnSnS4 target
Authors: Nafarizal Nayan , Sasaki Koichi 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Absolute densities of Cu, Zn, Sn, and S atoms in magnetron sputtering plasmas were measured by ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy and vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy. A stoichiometric Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) target was used in this work. It was found that, at various Ar pressures, the S density ranged between (2–8) × 1010 cm−3, the Cu and Sn densities ranged between (0.6–3) × 1010 cm−3, and the Zn density ranged between (2–3) × 109 cm−3. The effective depositing flux, which was evaluated from the absolute densities and the sticking probabilities, was comparable with that evaluated from the deposition rate of the CZTS film. However, the composition ratio of Cu, Zn, Sn, and S in the gas phase deviated from the ideal stoichiometry of CZTS. We discussed the possible mechanisms for the difference among the element compositions of the target, the deposited film, and the gas-phase densities.
Coupling discharge and gas dynamics in streamer-less spark formation in supercritical N2
Authors: Agnihotri Ashutosh , Hundsdorfer Willem , Ebert Ute 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
A two-dimensional cylindrically symmetric model is developed to study the streamer-less spark formation in a short gap on the timescale of ion motion. It incorporates the coupling between the electric discharge and the gas through the heat generated by the discharge and the consecutive gas expansion. The model is employed to study electrical breakdown in supercritical N2. We present the simulation results of gas heating by the electrical discharge and the effect of gas expansion on the electrical discharge.
Preparation of self-supporting Au thin films on perforated substrate by releasing from water-soluble sacrificial layer
Authors: Miyamoto Yu , Fujii Yuma , Yamano Masafumi , Harigai Toru , Suda Yoshiyuki , Takikawa Hirofumi , Kawano Takeshi , Nishiuchi Mamiko , Sakaki Hironao , Kondo Kiminori 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
A self-supporting thin film is useful as a target material for laser-driven ion acceleration experiments. In this study, 100-nm-thick sputtered gold (Au) thin films were released from substrates using water-soluble sacrificial layers, and the released films were subsequently scooped up on perforated substrates. Au thin films were deposited by DC plasma sputtering on the sacrificial layers. In the releasing test, sodium chloride (NaCl) was shown to be most suitable as a sacrificial layer for Au thin films. In addition, sputtered Au thin films with thicknesses of 50 and 150 nm were deposited onto NaCl sacrificial layers, released on water, and scooped up on perforated substrates. Self-supporting Au thin films were obtained for all film thicknesses, but wrinkles and cracks appeared in the 50 nm film.
Identification, expression and variation of theGNPDA2gene, and its association with body weight and fatness traits in chicken
Authors: Ouyang Hongjia , Zhang Huan , Li Weimin , Liang Sisi , Jebessa Endashaw , Abdalla Bahareldin A. , Nie Qinghua 
Published: June 2016

Background.TheGNPDA2(glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase 2) gene is a member ofGlucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcN6P) deaminase subfamily, which encoded an allosteric enzyme of GlcN6P. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have shown that variations of humanGNPDA2are associated with body mass index and obesity risk, but its function and metabolic implications remain to be elucidated.The object of this study was to characterize the gene structure, expression, and biological functions ofGNPDA2in chickens.Methods.Variant transcripts of chickenGNPDA2and their expression were investigated using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) system and real-time quantitative PCR technology. We detected theGNPDA2expression in hypothalamic, adipose, and liver tissue of Xinghua chickens with fasting and high-glucose-fat diet treatments, and performed association analysis of variations ofGNPDA2with productive traits in chicken. The function ofGNPDA2was further studied by overexpression and small interfering RNA (siRNA) methods in chicken preadipocytes.Results.Four chickenGNPDA2transcripts (cGNPDA2-a∼cGNPDA2-d) were identified in this study. The complete transcriptGNPDA2-a was predominantly expressed in adipose tissue (subcutaneous fat and abdominal fat), hypothalamus, and duodenum. In fasting chickens, the mRNA level ofGNPDA2was decreased by 58.8% (P< 0.05) in hypothalamus, and returned to normal level after refeeding. Chicken fed a high-glucose-fat diet increasedGNPDA2gene expression about 2-fold higher in adipose tissue (P< 0.05) than that in the control (fed a basal diet), but decreased its expression in hypothalamus. Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms of theGNPDA2gene were significantly associated with body weight and a number of fatness traits in chicken (P< 0.05).Conclusion.Our findings indicated that theGNPDA2gene has a potential roles in the regulation of body weight, fat and energy metabolism in chickens.
Sonographic Characteristics and Interval Changes of Subacute Thyroiditis
Authors: Lee Yoo Jin , Kim Dong Wook 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the sonographic characteristics and interval changes of subacute thyroiditis using follow‐up sonography.MethodsFrom January 2008 to December 2014, 85 patients with clinically suspected subacute thyroiditis underwent sonographic examinations by a single radiologist. Subacute thyroiditis was confirmed on the basis of the clinical, sonographic, and cytohistopathologic findings. On the initial and follow‐up sonograms, the individual sonographic findings and interval changes were retrospectively investigated by the same radiologist. According to the sonographic configuration, subacute thyroiditis lesions were categorized as nodular or non‐nodular. The interval changes in the lesions were classified as follows: “disappeared,” “decreased,” “increased,” “eventually smaller,” “eventually larger,” or “no interval change.”ResultsSubacute thyroiditis was confirmed in 64 of the 85 patients. In these 64 patients, nodular (n = 39) and non‐nodular (n = 35) lesions were found; 10 patients had both nodular and non‐nodular lesions. Of the 64 patients, 41 underwent sonographic follow‐up. In both nodular and non‐nodular lesions, the common interval changes included disappeared, decreased, and eventually smaller patterns. Although the increased pattern was found only in 4 nodular lesions, there was no significant difference in the interval changes between nodular and non‐nodular lesions. On follow‐up sonography, a new lesion was detected in 6 patients.ConclusionsThe prevalence rate of nodular subacute thyroiditis lesions on sonography was high, and the interval changes in the lesions were variable.
Fats and Fatty Oils
Authors: Hasenhuettl Gerard L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractFats and oils are composed mainly of triacylglycerols, which are esters of glycerol and linear long‐chain carboxylic acids. Chain length of the acids can vary from 4 to 22 carbon atoms. Fatty acids in oils contain one or morecis(Z) double bonds, while those in fats are more highly saturated. Compositions of fats and oils depend on their origin, which may be derived from animals, fish, vegetables, seeds, or microorganisms.Crude fats and oils may be isolated by hydraulic pressing, rendering, or solvent extraction; further processing is essential for most applications.Fats, oils, fatty acids, and their derivatives are used in a variety of applications, such as foods, soaps, detergents, paints and varnishes, lubricants, and biodiesel fuels. In some applications, they compete with petroleum derivatives.
The development of volcanic sequences at rifted margins: New insights from the structure and morphology of the Vøring Escarpment, mid‐Norwegian Margin
Authors: Abdelmalak M. M. , Planke S. , Faleide J. I. , Jerram D. A. , Zastrozhnov D. , Eide S. , Myklebust R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractOn the Vøring Margin offshore mid‐Norway, Paleogene continental breakup was characterized by the extrusion of large volumes of flood basalts erupted in different depositional environments. The transition from subaerial to submarine emplacement environment is marked by the formation of the Vøring Escarpment which records the early encroachment of flood basalt into the basin and the buildup of a lava delta system. The increased availability of new and reprocessed high‐quality seismic data allows a more detailed characterization of the along‐strike and across‐strike continuity and variability of the different volcanic seismic facies units. Detailed seismic interpretation shows that the ~350 km long NE‐SW trending Vøring Escarpment is a prominent feature along the Vøring Margin with a height ranging between 200 and 1600 m. Structurally, the Vøring Escarpment is segmented along strike into five segments (E1–E5) with different controlling factors leading to variation in accommodation space. Relative sea level change and magma supply are the major controlling factors for segments E2 and E4 which are characterized by a well‐developed lava delta system and significant escarpment height. Tectonic movements along the Jan Mayen Fracture Zone resulted in second‐order segmentation of the E1 segment into pseudoescarpments with a very thin lava delta system and limited escarpment height. Segments E3 and E5, situated along the flanks of Cretaceous/Paleocene highs, are controlled by the structural highs, which were possibly reactivated during breakup time. Our mapping results provide crucial information about the paleogeography and yield important information regarding the paleo–water depth and depocenter locations prior to and during the breakup of the Vøring Margin.
On the applicability of surrogate‐based Markov chain Monte Carlo‐Bayesian inversion to the Community Land Model: Case studies at flux tower sites
Authors: Huang Maoyi , Ray Jaideep , Hou Zhangshuan , Ren Huiying , Liu Ying , Swiler Laura 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe Community Land Model (CLM) has been widely used in climate and Earth system modeling. Accurate estimation of model parameters is needed for reliable model simulations and predictions under current and future conditions, respectively. In our previous work, a subset of hydrological parameters has been identified to have significant impact on surface energy fluxes at selected flux tower sites based on parameter screening and sensitivity analysis, which indicate that the parameters could potentially be estimated from surface flux observations at the towers. To date, such estimates do not exist. In this paper, we assess the feasibility of applying a Bayesian model calibration technique to estimate CLM parameters at selected flux tower sites under various site conditions. The parameters are estimated as a joint probability density function (PDF) that provides estimates of uncertainty of the parameters being inverted, conditional on climatologically average latent heat fluxes derived from observations. We find that the simulated mean latent heat fluxes from CLM using the calibrated parameters are generally improved at all sites when compared to those obtained with CLM simulations using default parameter sets. Further, our calibration method also results in credibility bounds around the simulated mean fluxes which bracket the measured data. The modes (or maximum a posteriori values) and 95% credibility intervals of the site‐specific posterior PDFs are tabulated as suggested parameter values for each site. Analysis of relationships between the posterior PDFs and site conditions suggests that the parameter values are likely correlated with the plant functional type, which needs to be confirmed in future studies by extending the approach to more sites.
Validation of NeQuick TEC data ingestion technique against C/NOFS and EISCAT electron density measurements
Authors: Nigussie M. , Radicella S. M. , Damtie B. , Yizengaw E. , Nava B. , Roininen L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis paper investigates a technique to estimate near‐real‐time electron density structure of the ionosphere. Ground‐based GPS receiver total electron content (TEC) at low and high latitudes has been used to assist the NeQuick 2 model. First, we compute model input (effective ionization level) when the modeled slant TEC (sTEC) best fits the measured sTEC by single GPS receiver (reference station). Then we run the model at different locations nearby the reference station and produce the spatial distribution of the density profiles of the ionosphere in the East African region. We investigate the performance of the model, before and after data ingestion in estimating the topside ionosphere density profiles. This is carried out by extracting in situ density from the model at the corresponding location of C/NOFS (Communication/Navigation Outage Forecast System) satellite orbit and comparing the modeled ion density with the in situ ion density observed by Planar Langmuir Probe onboard C/NOFS. It is shown that the performance of the model after data ingestion reproduces the topside ionosphere better up to about 824 km away from the reference station than that before adaptation. Similarly, for high‐latitude region, NeQuick 2 adapted to sTEC obtained from high‐latitude (Tromsø in Norway) GPS receiver and the model used to reproduce parameters measured by European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association (EISCAT) VHF radar. It is shown that the model after adaptation shows considerable improvement in estimating EISCAT measurements of electron density profile, F2 peak density, and height.
Multiple fault slip triggered above the 2016 Mw 6.4 MeiNong earthquake in Taiwan
Authors: Huang Mong‐Han , Tung Hsin , Fielding Eric J. , Huang Hsin‐Hua , Liang Cunren , Huang Chung , Hu Jyr‐Ching 
Published: June 2016

AbstractRapid shortening in convergent mountain belts is often accommodated by slip on faults at multiple levels in upper crust, but no geodetic observation of slip at multiple levels within hours of a moderate earthquake has been shown before. Here we show clear evidence of fault slip within a shallower thrust at 5–10 km depth in SW Taiwan triggered by the 2016 Mw 6.4 MeiNong earthquake at 15–20 km depth. We constrain the primary coseismic fault slip with kinematic modeling of seismic and geodetic measurements and constrain the triggered slip and fault geometry using synthetic aperture radar interferometry. The shallower thrust coincides with a proposed duplex located in a region of high fluid pressure and high interseismic uplift rate, and may be sensitive to stress perturbations. Our results imply that under tectonic conditions such as high‐background stress level and high fluid pressure, a moderate lower crustal earthquake can trigger faults at shallower depth.
Assessing the volcanic hazard for Rome: 40Ar/39Ar and In‐SAR constraints on the most recent eruptive activity and present‐day uplift at Colli Albani Volcanic District
Authors: Marra F. , Gaeta M. , Giaccio B. , Jicha B. R. , Palladino D. M. , Polcari M. , Sottili G. , Taddeucci J. , Florindo F. , Stramondo S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe present new 40Ar/39Ar data which allow us to refine the recurrence time for the most recent eruptive activity occurred at Colli Albani Volcanic District (CAVD) and constrain its geographic area. Time elapsed since the last eruption (36 kyr) overruns the recurrence time (31 kyr) in the last 100 kyr. New interferometric synthetic aperture radar data, covering the years 1993–2010, reveal ongoing inflation with maximum uplift rates (>2 mm/yr) in the area hosting the most recent (<200 ka) vents, suggesting that the observed uplift might be caused by magma injection within the youngest plumbing system. Finally, we frame the present deformation within the structural pattern of the area of Rome, characterized by 50 m of regional uplift since 200 ka and by geologic evidence for a recent (<2000 years) switch of the local stress‐field, highlighting that the precursors of a new phase of volcanic activity are likely occurring at the CAVD.
Classification of stratospheric extreme events according to their downward propagation to the troposphere
Authors: Runde T. , Dameris M. , Garny H. , Kinnison D. E. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis study presents a classification of stratospheric extreme events during northern winter into events with or without a consistent downward propagation of anomalies to the troposphere. Anomalous strong and weak stratospheric polar vortex events are detected from daily time series of the polar cap averaged (60°–90°N) geopotential height anomaly. The method is applied to chemistry‐climate model data (E39CA and WACCM3.5) and reanalyses data (ERA40). The analyses show that in about 80% of all events no significant tropospheric response can be detected. The stratospheric perturbation of both weak and strong events with a significant tropospheric response persists significantly longer throughout the stratosphere compared to the events without a tropospheric response. The strength of the stratospheric perturbation determines the strength of the tropospheric response only to a small degree. Results are consistent across all three data sets.
Reconsidering earthquake scaling
Authors: Gomberg J. , Wech A. , Creager K. , Obara K. , Agnew D. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe relationship (scaling) between scalar moment, M0, and duration, T, potentially provides key constraints on the physics governing fault slip. The prevailing interpretation of M0‐T observations proposes different scaling for fast (earthquakes) and slow (mostly aseismic) slip populations and thus fundamentally different driving mechanisms. We show that a single model of slip events within bounded slip zones may explain nearly all fast and slow slip M0‐T observations, and both slip populations have a change in scaling, where the slip area growth changes from 2‐D when too small to sense the boundaries to 1‐D when large enough to be bounded. We present new fast and slow slip M0‐T observations that sample the change in scaling in each population, which are consistent with our interpretation. We suggest that a continuous but bimodal distribution of slip modes exists and M0‐T observations alone may not imply a fundamental difference between fast and slow slip.