bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoredox Radical‐Polar Crossover Reaction of gem‐Difluoroalkenes: A Facile Access to Diverse Difluoroalkyl Sulfides
Authors: Liang Rong‐Bin , Wang Ying‐Jie , Miao Ting‐Ting , Wang Yao‐Jun , Wang Si‐Wei , Wang Qin , Guo Yi‐Fei , Li Sanliang , Zhong Jian‐Ji 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDifluoroalkyl sulfide (‐CF2S‐) moieties are an important class of skeletons in medicinal chemistry. Herein, a photoredox radical‐polar crossover reaction is reported for the three‐component thiofluorination, thiohydroxylation, thioalkoxylation, thioaminolation, and thiochlorination of gem‐difluoroalkenes towards diverse α‐functionalized difluoroalkyl sulfides. Such an approach features mild conditions, operational simplicity, and good substrate scope.
Surface Modification of Gold Nanorods: Multifunctional Strategies and Application Prospects
Authors: Ren Rui , Xiong Bijin , Zhu Jintao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGold nanorods (AuNRs), as an important type of gold nanomaterials, have attracted much attention in the nano field. Compared with gold nanoparticls, AuNRs have broader application potential due to their tunable localized surface plasmon resonance properties and anisotropic shapes. Yet, conventional synthesis methods using surfactants have limited the use of AuNRs in a variety of fields such as biomedical applications, plasma‐enhanced fluorescence, optics and optoelectronic devices. To solve this problem and improve the stability and biocompatibility of AuNRs, researchers in recent years have used surface modification and functionalization to modify AuNRs, among which the introduction of organic ligands to prepare organic/gold hybrid nanorods has become an effective strategy. Organic materials have better toughness and easy processing, and by introducing organic ligands into the surface of AuNRs, the molecular‐level composite of organic and inorganic materials can be realized, thus obtaining hybrid nanorods with excellent properties. This paper reviews the research progress of hybrid nanocomposites, and introducing the synthesis methods of AuNRs and the development of surface ligand modification, then summarises the applications of a wide variety of ligands. Also, the advantages and disadvantages of different ligands and their roles in further self‐assembly processes are discussed.
Preparation of Large Perphenylbiaryls: Can Intermolecular Coupling Compete with Intramolecular Cyclization of Precursors?
Authors: Finch Ki F. , Zhang Xiaodong , McSkimming Alex , Pascal Robert A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe highly substituted naphthalenes 1,2,3,4,5,6,7‐heptaphenylnaphthalene (13), 2,3,4,5,6,7,8‐heptaphenyl‐1‐naphthol (12), 1‐bromo‐2,3,4,5,6,7,8‐heptaphenylnaphthalene (4), and 1‐(phenylethynyl)‐2,3,4,5,6,7,8‐heptaphenylnaphthalene (5) were prepared by a variety of methods, and all but 5 were crystallographically characterized. The attempted Ullmann coupling of 4 to give tetradecaphenyl‐1,1′‐binaphthyl (3), at both 270 °C and 350 °C, yielded instead 1,2,3,4,5,6‐hexaphenylfluoranthene (17) via an intramolecular cyclization reaction. When the alkyne 5 was heated with tetracyclone (6) at 350 °C, 1‐(pentaphenylphenyl)‐2,3,4,5,6,7,8‐heptaphenylnaphthalene (7) was formed in 3 % yield. However, greater amounts of 5,6,7,8,9,14‐hexaphenyldibenzo[a,e]pyrene (20, 11 %) and 1,2,3,4,5,6,7‐heptaphenylfluoranthene (21, 11 %) were produced, the former by intramolecular cyclization and dehydrogenation of 5 and the latter by an intramolecular Diels‐Alder reaction of 5 followed by extrusion of acetylene. The X‐ray structure of 7 shows it to be an exceptionally crowded biaryl, and the X‐ray structure of 20 shows it to be a saddle shaped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.
How do green CSR initiatives influence green employee engagement among tourism and hospitality employees?
Authors: Srivastava Shalini , Agarwal Alpana , Madan Poornima , Kautish Pradeep 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDrawing support from social identity theory (SIT), the present study examines green corporate social responsibility (GCSR) initiatives, green organizational identity (GOI), and green service‐oriented behavior (GSOB) as antecedents of green employee engagement in the hotel sector. In addition to the direct association between the study constructs, the study assessed the mediating effects of GOI and GSOB on GCSR and green engagement association. Data collected from hotel employees in India utilizing a three‐wave time lag was analyzed through PROCESS macro. The finding confirmed the direct as well as the serial mediating effects of GOI and GSOB for the relationship between green CSR and green engagement. The study is insightful in understanding how GCSR activities can build a green reputation for a company that in turn will enhance the identification of the employees. The uniqueness of this study is evident in studying the constructs that have a strong alignment with the nature of the tourism and hospitality sectors. Conceptualizing the serial mediating effects of GOI and GSOB for the relationship between GCSR and green engagement in the tourism and hospitality sector is also a novel addition to the existing literature.
Mandatory ESG disclosure and trade credit: International evidence
Authors: Liu Hao , Deng Yao , Liu Qiliang , Xia Xinping 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study investigates how mandatory ESG disclosure influences firms' access to trade credit. Using data from 79 jurisdictions from 1998 to 2020, we find that affected firms receive more trade credit following the introduction of mandatory ESG disclosure. The main result holds for a series of robustness tests. Further mechanism analysis indicates that mandatory ESG disclosure reduces affected firms' information opacity and financial risk, which exposes their suppliers to less credit risk and thus increases trade credit. In addition, cross‐sectional analysis shows that the positive effect of mandatory ESG disclosure is more pronounced for firms with low bargaining power and jurisdictions with effective legal enforcement. Overall, our findings highlight the role mandatory ESG disclosure plays in facilitating informal financing.
Diagnostic and therapeutic practice for HFpEF across continents and regions: An international survey
Authors: Ingimarsdóttir Inga J. , Vishram‐Nielsen Julie K.K. , Einarsson Hafsteinn , Goldfeder Sidney , Mewton Nathan , Barasa Anders , Basic Carmen , Oerlemans Marish I.F.J. , Niederseer David , Shchendrygina Anastasia , Gustafsson Finn , Ruschitzka Frank , Kida Keisuke , Mohty Dania , Rakotonoel Rolland R. , Tun Han Naung , Hrafnkelsdóttir Thórdís J. , Saldarriaga Clara 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimsThis study aims to evaluate the worldwide variations in the diagnosis and treatment of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), using an HF survey distributed internationally to physicians, including both cardiologists and non‐cardiologists.Methods and resultsA group of HF specialists designed an independent, academic web‐based survey focusing on HFpEF care and diagnosis, which was distributed via scientific societies and various social networks between 1 May 2023 and 1 July 2023. The survey included 1459 physicians (1242 cardiologists and 217 non‐cardiologists) from 91 countries, with a mean age of 42 (34–49) years and 61% male. Most physicians (89.2%) defined HFpEF as left ventricular ejection fraction ≥50%. Significant regional variations were observed in HFpEF management (P < 0.001 for all comparisons unless stated otherwise). Cardiologists managed 63.1% of HFpEF patients overall, with significant variability across regions (P < 0.001). The estimated HFpEF prevalence was highest in Eastern Asia and Western Europe and lowest in Africa and South America. Diagnostic practices varied: natriuretic peptide use ranged from 70%–74% in Africa to 95%–97% in Southern/Western Europe. Echocardiographic parameters showed regional differences, with diastolic stress testing used most in South‐Eastern Asia (47% vs. 13–36% elsewhere). HFpEF scoring systems were most common in South‐Eastern Asia (78%) and least in Africa (30.1%). Coronary artery disease screening approaches differed, with Eastern Asian physicians more likely to always perform routine angiograms (52%) compared with Northern Europeans (12%). Treatment preferences also varied regionally. Sodium glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) was the preferred first‐line treatment (45%–70% across regions), followed by diuretics. In an ideal setting, 52% would primarily use SGLT2i, 33% loop diuretics, and 22% beta‐blockers. Drug availability differed significantly: SGLT2i was most available (88% overall), while ARNI was least available (61%). South America and Middle Eastern/Northern Africa reported lower availability of guideline‐directed therapies. Multidisciplinary HF programmes were most common in Asia (70%) and least in Africa (24%). The perceived benefit of atrial flow regulator devices also showed significant regional differences.ConclusionsThere are considerable global variations in the diagnosis and management of HFpEF. Most physicians favour SGLT2i despite regional disparities in health care resources and guideline adherence. Harmonized practices and improved access to comprehensive care can enhance outcomes of HFpEF patients worldwide.
Long‐term follow‐up of the TRED‐HF trial: Implications for therapy in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure remission
Authors: Cheng Leanne , Hammersley Daniel , Ragavan Aaraby , Javed Saad , Mukhopadhyay Srinjay , Gregson John , Han Jennie , Khalique Zohya , Lota Amrit , Pantazis Antonis , Baksi A. John , Carr‐White Gerald , de Marvao Antonio , Ware James , Tayal Upasana , Pennell Dudley J. , Cleland John G.F. , Prasad Sanjay K. , Halliday Brian P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimsIn TRED‐HF, 40% of patients with recovered dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) relapsed in the short term after therapy withdrawal. This follow‐up investigates the longer‐term effects of therapy withdrawal.Methods and resultsTRED‐HF was a randomized trial investigating heart failure therapy withdrawal in patients with recovered DCM over 6 months. Those randomized to continue therapy subsequently withdrew treatment between 6 and 12 months. Participants were recommended to restart therapy post‐trial and were followed until May 2023. Clinical outcomes are reported in a non‐randomized fashion from enrolment and from the end of the trial. The primary outcome was relapse defined as ≥10% reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction to <50%, doubling in N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide to >400 ng/L, or clinical features of heart failure. From enrolment to the last follow‐up (median 6 years, interquartile range 6–7), 33 of 51 patients (65%) relapsed. The 5‐year relapse rate from enrolment was 61% (95% confidence interval [CI] 45–73) and from the end of the trial was 39% (95% CI 19–54). Of 20 patients who relapsed during the trial, nine had a recurrent relapse during follow‐up. Thirteen relapsed for the first time after the trial; seven had restarted low intensity therapy, four had not restarted therapy and two did not have therapy withdrawn. The mean intensity of therapy was lower after the trial compared to enrolment (mean difference −6 [−8 to −4]; p < 0.001). One third of relapses during follow‐up had identifiable triggers (arrhythmia [n = 4], pregnancy [n = 1], hypertension [n = 1], infection [n = 1]). Corrected atrial fibrillation was associated with reduced risk of relapse (hazard ratio 0.33, 95% CI 0.12–0.96; p = 0.042).ConclusionsThe risk of relapse in the 5 years following the TRED‐HF trial remained high. Restarting lower doses of heart failure medications at the end of the trial, external triggers and disease progression are likely to have contributed to relapse.
Chronic stimulation desensitizes β2‐adrenergic receptor responses in natural killer cells
Authors: Jürgens Martin , Claus Maren , Wingert Sabine , Niemann Jens Alexander , Picard Lea Katharina , Hennes Elisabeth , Haasler Ina , Hellwig Birte , Overbeck Nina , Reinders Jörg , Rahnenführer Jörg , Schedel Michaela , Capellino Silvia , Watzl Carsten 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAdrenergic receptors (ARs) are preferentially expressed by innate lymphocytes such as natural killer (NK) cells. Here, we study the effect of epinephrine‐mediated stimulation of the β2‐adrenergic receptor (β2AR) on the function of human NK cells. Epinephrine stimulation inhibited early NK cell signaling events and blocked the function of the integrin LFA‐1. This reduced the adhesion of NK cells to ICAM‐1, explaining how NK cells are mobilized into the peripheral blood upon epinephrine release during acute stress or exercise. Additionally, epinephrine stimulation transiently reduced NK cell degranulation, serial killing, and cytokine production and affected metabolic changes upon NK cell activation via the cAMP‐protein kinase A (PKA) pathway. Repeated exposure to β2AR agonists resulted in the desensitization of the β2AR via a PKA feedback loop‐initiated G‐protein switch. Therefore, acute epinephrine stimulation of chronically β2AR stimulated NK cells no longer resulted in inhibited signaling and reduced LFA‐1 activity. Sustained stimulation by long‐acting β2‐agonists (LABA) not only inhibited NK cell functions but also resulted in desensitization of the β2AR. However, peripheral NK cells from LABA‐treated asthma patients still reacted unchanged to epinephrine stimulation, demonstrating that local LABA administration does not result in detectable systemic effects on NK cells.
Persistence, not avoidance, is associated with low back pain—An observational cohort study
Authors: Hotz‐Boendermaker Sabina , Surbeck Ursula , Morf Rita , Pfeiffer Fabian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundLow back pain (LBP) is increasingly understood as a long‐lasting condition with a variable course. Avoidance and persistence behaviour have been described to mediate pain persistence by potentially linking psychosocial factors and biomechanics. The resulting maladaptive changes in musculoskeletal structures can result in movement control impairment (MCI). This investigation aimed to observe avoidance and persistence behaviour and MCI in participants with acute LBP over 1 year and explore their association with pain persistence.MethodsIn this observational cohort study, 165 participants were assessed at five time points: ≤ 1 month (baseline), 2, 3, 6, and 12 months after the onset of acute LBP. Simultaneously collected clinical data such as self‐reported outcomes at baseline for avoidance and persistence and assessments of MCI were filled in linear mixed‐effects regression models.ResultsThe mixed‐effects analysis revealed for the adjusted model that a one‐point increase in persistence scores resulted in a 3.31‐point increase in pain intensity while interacting with state anxiety over time (p = 0.05, 95% confidence interval 0.07–6.07). This effect was not found for avoidance behaviour at baseline (p = 0.21) and MCI.ConclusionsThe relationship between persistence and pain intensity throughout measurement suggests that continuing usual activities beyond pain, coupled with feelings of distress, may lead to persistent LBP. These results underscore the need for a therapeutic shift toward a multidimensional approach that considers the physical and psychological characteristics of persons with LBP. Screening for activity patterns in acute LBP is critical for providing tailored treatment and counselling.Significance StatementIn acute low back pain (LBP), maintaining usual activities despite pain and distress can contribute to the continuation of LBP. Alongside a multidimensional approach that considers physical and psychological factors, attitudes toward daily activities are also important. Screening for both maladaptive and adaptive activity patterns in individuals with acute LBP is essential for effective LBP management, improving patient outcomes, and preventing persistent pain.
Study on air entrainment coefficient for different heat release rates and transverse displacements in a tunnel with unpowered ventilation cap
Authors: Luo Huan , Liang Weikang , Zhao Xueqian , Chi Junwei , Zhou Ru , Hao Min , Jiang Juncheng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAn automobile accident may cause combustion and release large quantities of toxic smoke in tunnels. This article investigates how the heat release rate and fire displacements affect the air entrainment coefficient during smoke one‐dimensional motion stage along the tunnel by using a shaft with unpowered ventilation cap for natural ventilation. The results show that the air entrainment coefficient increases with the heat release rate when plug‐holing occurs in the shaft. The correlation between the air entrainment coefficient and heat release rate is analyzed by dimensionless analysis and verified using experimental data. Different transverse fire source locations do not significantly affect the temperature distribution during the one‐dimensional horizontal spread of smoke. The air entrainment coefficient exhibits no significant difference for different transverse fire source locations, but is lower for a fire closing to the sidewall than for other locations. The ratio of the air entrainment coefficient for a fire source near the sidewall to that for a fire source at the center of the tunnel is 0.76–0.96. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of smoke dynamics in tunnels, which can ultimately aid in the development of strategies to help trapped people escape.
Recurrence of mucinous prostate cancer in rectal wall due to needle‐track seeding from previous transrectal prostate biopsy
Authors: Hakariya Tomoaki , Teshima Kazune , Aoki Daiyu , Nishimura Naoki , Tominaga Tetsuro , Nonaka Takashi , Sato Shunsuke , Ueki Nozomi , Nakashima Masahiro , Imamura Ryoichi 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionNeedle‐track seeding of prostate cancer into the rectal wall following transrectal prostate biopsy is exceedingly rare. We report a case of mucinous prostate cancer recurrence in the rectal wall due to biopsy needle seeding, discovered after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy.Case presentationA 67‐year‐old man underwent robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy for mucinous prostate cancer (clinical stage T2cN0M0, Gleason score of 4 + 4, and initial prostate‐specific antigen level of 8.8 ng/mL). Five years postoperatively, endoscopy revealed a rectal tumor, which was diagnosed as needle‐track seeding from the previous transrectal prostate biopsy. Following resection of this rectal tumor, the patient's prostate‐specific antigen level fell to <0.008 ng/mL. No signs of recurrence or metastasis were observed 3 months postoperatively.ConclusionWhile rare, transrectal prostate biopsies can pose a small risk of needle‐track seeding into the rectal wall. Endorectal examination should be considered if biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer occurs following radical prostatectomy.
Robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy in patient with previous intersphincteric resection for rectal cancer
Authors: Imasato Naoki , Yajima Shugo , Ogasawara Ryo A , Inoue Minoru , Hirose Kohei , Sekiya Ken , Kataoka Madoka , Nakanishi Yasukazu , Masuda Hitoshi 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionThere are often opportunities to consider treatment strategies for synchronous or metachronous prostate cancer with colorectal cancer. Performing robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer following previous rectal cancer surgery in cases involving anal‐preserving surgeries such as low anterior resection or intersphincteric resection can be challenging because of the possibility of adhesions.Case presentationA 74‐year‐old man who had undergone laparoscopic intersphincteric resection for rectal cancer was diagnosed with prostate cancer. The patient desired to undergo robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy. During surgery, we observed the absence of Denonvillier's fascia on the dorsal surface of the prostate, the intestinal anastomosis was distal to the vesicourethral anastomosis, and the rectum was replaced with a peristaltic sigmoid colon with minimal adhesions.ConclusionPeriprostatic conditions vary depending on previous rectal surgical approaches. It is crucial to confirm the previous surgical approach for rectal cancer when performing robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy following rectal cancer surgery.
Fluxional halogen bonds in linear complexes of tetrafluorodiiodobenzene with dinitrobenzene
Authors: Gao Cai‐Yue , Pei Bin‐Bin , Li Si‐Dian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe fluxional nature of halogen bonds (XBs) in small molecular clusters, supramolecules, and molecular crystals has received considerable attention in recent years. In this work, based on extensive density‐functional theory calculations and detailed electrostatic potential (ESP), natural bonding orbital (NBO), non‐covalent interactions‐reduced density gradient (NCI‐RDG), and quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) analyses, we unveil the existence of fluxional halogen bonds (FXBs) in a series of linear (IC6F4I)m(OONC6H4NOO)n (m + n = 2–5) complexes of tetrafluorodiiodobenzene with dinitrobenzene which appear to be similar to the previously reported fluxional hydrogen bonds (FHBs) in small water clusters (H2O)n (n = 2–6). The obtained fluxional mechanisms involve one FXB in the systems which fluctuates reversibly between two linear CI···O XBs in the ground states (GS and GS') via a bifurcated CI  O2N van der Waals interaction in the transition state (TS). The cohesive energies (Ecoh) of these complexes with up to four XBs exhibit an almost perfect linear relationship with the numbers of XBs in the systems, with the average calculated halogen bond energy of Ecoh/XB = 3.48 kcal·mol−1 in the ground states which appears to be about 55% of the average calculated hydrogen bond energy (Ecoh/HB = 6.28 kcal·mol−1) in small water clusters.
Assessment of the approach to managing medical emergencies during dental procedures
Authors: Acar Gülin , Adiloğlu Selen , Aktaş Alper , Gökçe Ilkem 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjective: This study aims to investigate the knowledge of dental interns and post‐graduated doctors regarding dental emergencies and their occurrence in the clinic and examine the doctors' ability to intervene in these emergencies.Methods: Note that, 150 dental interns and 101 post‐graduated doctors were surveyed with sixteen questions regarding their knowledge and experience with syncope, orthostatic hypotension, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, asthma, and anaphylactic shock. Also, post‐graduate doctors answered nine additional questions about their emergency response capabilities.Results: This study found that interns and doctors exhibited similar knowledge about emergencies. Nonetheless, the count of dental interns encountering emergencies is relatively limited. Syncope was the most frequently encountered condition (61.8%). Doctors' increase in years of experience correlated positively with a higher rate of intervention in epilepsy, orthostatic hypotension, and anaphylactic shock (p = 0.001, 0.024, and 0.02, respectively). The ability to check the carotid pulse and to perform intramuscular injections was high in post‐graduated doctors (90.09% and 81.2%, respectively).Discussion: Although interns believe their knowledge about emergencies to be sufficient, their intervention skills may need to be improved due to the low frequency of encounters. After graduation, their inability to intervene adequately during emergencies in the clinic can lead to fatal consequences. The lack of improvement in doctors' knowledge and intervention abilities with experience could be attributed to insufficient training after completing their formal education. To prevent such scenarios, regular training sessions should be provided to interns and doctors, focusing on the emergencies they may encounter.