bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to Grasp Environmental Complexities? Photographic Narratives and Environmental Concept Formation
Authors: Bergmann Iris 
Published: July 2016

AbstractHow learners come to grips and can transform their thinking about something extremely complex such as environmental issues are addressed with this research. It is argued that the qualities of the visual mode of information processing are of particular relevance for cognition in the environmental context. This paper reports on a study of the photographic experience of nineteen participants who worked individually on an environmental photography project of their choice over a period of up to ten weeks. It was found that on completion of their project, the participants' conceptualisations of their topics became more differentiated, complex and defined; multiple perspectives were constructed and their own positions and feelings clarified. Above all, a notion of optimism emerged after Initial conceptualisations of environmental issues as issues of pollution, degradation, violation and death. This paper discusses the cognitive potential of the visual mode for the development of environmental thinking and presents some examples of conceptual shifts through the photographic work.
Environmental Education in the People's Republic of China: Features, Factors and Trends
Authors: Huaixin Zhu , Dillon Justin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe genesis and development of environmental education in the People's Republic of China is described. Background information about the education system and about environmental issues are summarised. Some key factors which have proven to be obstacles to progress, in terms of environmental education, are identified and some thoughts about future prospects are outlined.
Ecological Education: Extending the Definition of Environmental Education
Authors: Smith Gregory A. , Williams Dilafruz R. 
Published: July 2016

Except in small measure, environmental education in the United States has not yet challenged the status quo of Western notions of progress or monoculturalism, or recognized that moving through the environmental crisis may require significant shifts in generally unquestioned cultural attitudes and beliefs. In the U.S., environmental education has instead tended to focus on information regarding environmental problems and to explore topics such as endangered species, global climate change, or the water quality of local streams and rivers. Even this has become a source of controversy in the United States since the mid-1990s as a coalition of right-wing organizations has mounted a well-coordinated political campaign charging environmental educators with bias and a failure to present both sides of controversial issues (Sanera & Shaw 1996, Independent Commission on Environmental Education 1997). Despite this, we believe that if environmental education is to live up to its promise as a vehicle for developing a citizenry capable of making wise decisions about the impact of human activities on the environment, examining and altering fundamental cultural beliefs and practices that are contributing to the degradation of the planet's natural systems will be imperative.We have chosen to call this extended form of environmental education ecological education. For us, ecological education connotes an emphasis on the inescapable embeddedness of human beings in natural settings and the responsibilities that arise from this relationship. Rather than seeing nature as other—a set of phenomena capable of being manipulated like parts of a machine—the practice of ecological education requires viewing human beings as one part of the natural world and human cultures as an outgrowth of interactions between our species and particular places. We believe that the development of sustainable cultures will in fact require widespread acceptance of a relationship between humans and the earth grounded in moral sentiments that arise from the willingness to care. As Indian physicist and ecofeminist Vandana Shiva writes, the term ‘sustainability’ implies the ability and willingness ‘to support, bear weight of, hold up, enable to last out, give strength to, endure without giving way’ (Shiva 1992, p. 191).
The Landcare for Teachers Program: Learning and Teaching for the Environment
Authors: Stadler Tania 
Published: July 2016

The development of an innovative environmental education program for teachers was the direct outcome of a doctoral study of land degradation in Australia (Stadler 1989). The Landcare for Teachers Program arose from my research into the issue of land degradation within an historical and policy context and found a need for knowledge and understanding among the wider population. The thesis argued for the role of education as a positive long-term strategy to change the attitudes and behaviour of the Australian community towards the environment.Landcare for Teachers was developed at the University of Tasmania by the author in 1990 with National Landcare Program (NLP) funding. It has operated there successfully since and has been extended to other states from 1993. Teachers are a key target group due to their ability to transfer their knowledge and skills to the next generation of land managers and decision makers and to their multiplier effect. Yet while their work has become more demanding and complex, morale among teachers is low and the profession has poor community support (Schools Council 1990, p. 3). The educational program described in this paper was designed to provide teachers with little or no background in science with a basic understanding of the need to care for the environment and the skills and confidence to pass that understanding on to their own students.
Creating Effective Interpretation for Managing Interaction Between Tourists and Wildlife
Authors: Orams Mark 
Published: July 2016

AbstractEcotourism associated with wildlife is becoming increasingly popular. The effects on wildlife of this increasing popularity are causing concern. Environmental interpretation programs may be a means of minimising negative effects if they are able to change tourists' behaviour. A review of cognitive psychology literature and theories of learning shows that simply increasing information and understanding does not necessarily result in more appropriate human behaviour. However, there are several techniques, such as the creation and resolution of cognitive dissonance and the use of the affective domain, which may create more effective interpretation. This paper reviews relevant theories of learning and offers guidelines for the creation of effective interpretation programs in the context of tourist - wildlife interaction.
Environmental Studies: Lessons from a Quaternary Perspective
Authors: Gunnell Pam , Dyer Ken 
Published: July 2016

At the beginning of the last decade, Silver (1980, p.7) was able to write with assurance that ‘Behind our political and ideological disagreements…lies a crucial, common confidence in the educational process’, a confidence based on education's ability both to maintain the social, political and economic status quo and to change it. Over a decade later, and with our awareness of global environmental crises that those years have brought, the authors have become increasingly convinced of the practical fact that formal education in our society has functioned predominantly to maintain the social, political and economic conditions that have produced environmental crisis and is thereby severely hampered in its ability to make the changes necessary to stop the degradation of our planet, let alone improve its health.Although we do not propose that the deteriorating state of the planet can be attributed to any single underlying cause, we would suggest that a generic term for many of these causes is the ‘culture of positivism’ (Giroux 1981, p.38) which, in Giroux's words, has a ‘limited focus on objectivity, efficiency, and technique …’. Gough too (1987, p.54) argues that Western industrial society's systems of education rest on ‘an epistemological paradigm’, a particular set of theories about how human beings gain knowledge of themselves and their world as well as the kinds of knowledge that are valued. According to Gough (1987, p.54), the kinds of knowledge which have dominated Western industrial education are those which have been structured by Western society's dominant form of theorising, namely: positivist, empirical science. The idea of a culture which is mechanistic and reductionist, which encourages human beings to dominate and control ‘nature’, and which looks for ever more sophisticated ‘technical fixes’ to overcome the tragic results of its own logic is reflected also throughout the ‘green’ literature. See, for instance, Bookchin (1986 and 1990), Fox (1990), Passmore (1980) and Young (1991). Ways in which this dominant culture adversely affects our relationship with our environment are documented in the same literature.
Education for Action: A Practical Demonstration of Reflected Action on the Urban Environment
Authors: Kean Joan 
Published: July 2016

Concern about the quality of our environment has been given increasing prominence by public, private and voluntary bodies alike. We are advised through newspapers and the media on such matters as lead in petrol, the waste on non-renewable resources, the greenhouse effect, extinction of wild flora and fauna, the dumping of nuclear waste, which are all threatening the future of our planet. There is a strong emphasis on checking and reversing the deterioration and destruction of may aspects of our world.The word “environment”, however, has come to mean to many the natural or rural, not the human or urban. Little attention is paid to the urban environment, yet in Britain most people live in towns or cities where vast changes are taking place with dramatic effect on those who live there. We are faced with poverty, unemployment and disadvantage, as well as derelict, degraded and inhuman environments. The scale of change and complexity of issues in the urban environment demands a deeper understanding and more positive action. (Kean, 1991)
Young Adolescents' Perceptions of Environmental Issues: Implications for Environmental Education in Urban Settings
Authors: Wals Arjen Evert-Jan 
Published: July 2016

Despite good intentions, many environmental education (EE) projects seem to fall short in realising ambitious learning goals such as “helping citizens become environmentally knowledgeable, skilled and dedicated people who are willing to work individually and collectively, toward achieving and/or maintaining a dynamic equilibrium between the quality of life and the quality of the environment.” (Harvey cited in Hungerford et al., 1980). Without always challenging the nature and content of these goals, many researchers and practitioners are trying to resolve this discrepancy between the theory and practice of EE. Some have tried to instrumentally structure EE content matter by using hierarchical levels of universal goals and objectives (e.g. Hungerford et al., 1980; Marcinkowski, 1990) whereas others who question the value or the status of universal goals and objectives, have put emphasis on contextual development of EE within the school community (e.g. Bull et al., 1988; Robottom, 1987). However, relatively little attention has been paid to the way young people come to make sense of their own environment through their everyday interactions with(in) the lifeworld.For more than fifty years constructivist approaches to learning have suggested that the pre-instructional perceptions (also referred to as “mini-theories” and “misconceptions”) of the learner play a key role in successful learning or lack thereof (Ausubel, 1968; Driver and Oldham, 1986; Freyberg and Osborne, 1981; Gilbert and Watts, 1983; Hasweh, 1986; Novak and Gowin, 1984, Wals, 1987) Yet, unlike the English teacher who is very capable of determining at what “level” her students are, environmental educators have little understanding of students' perceptions of the environment and environmental issues, and the “mini-theories” to which they lead.
Factors Contributing to Intergenerational Communication Regarding Environmental Programs: Preliminary Research Findings
Authors: Ballantyne Roy , Connell Sharon , Fien John 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTGiven the increasing recognition of the potential for school students to act as catalysts of environmental change, research is needed to determine the extent to which school environmental education programs can facilitate intergenerational communication and learning in the home and wider community. The present paper reports on preliminary findings from a pilot study based on two environmental education programs. Four factors were investigated in terms of their influence upon the extent to which school students discussed the programs at home: student response to the program; student environmental orientation; parent environmental orientation; and family communication properties. In this study, program and family communication factors exerted the greatest influence on the frequency of discussions concerning environmental education programs experienced by students. Suggestions are made for ways in I which environmental education programs can be designed in order to facilitate student-parent communication about environmental issues.
Environmental stewardship: “Where there's a will, is there a way?”
Authors: Maher Mary 
Published: July 2016

AbstractEnvironmental management or stewardship is one area of environmental philosophy which has achieved a degree of acceptability in development decision-making. Its success is a product of its characteristics, e.g. that of taking a generally moderate approach to what causes an environmental problem, and of working for change through traditional channels. However, even stewardship is not without internal divisions, divisions which reflect differing views about the degree of change needed to avoid ecological disaster. Stewardship may be a useful environmental philosophy at a time when the development ethos (jobs, income, growth, productivity) predominates. But this paper poses the question, is it the best philosophy possible at this time? Finally, the impact of this philosophy on education is considered, highlighting the two aspects of what stewardship sees in environmental education and what environmental education could do about stewardship.
Wetlands studies: an arts-aesthetic view
Authors: Danilchenko Boris 
Published: July 2016

Abstract:Watch young children at play. With bright eyes and boundless energy, they rush like whirlwinds from place to place, accompanied by a constant stream of excited chatter as they explore their surroundings with a wholehearted zest for life.This article grows out of a fascination for the innate learning style of children and the wonder created by a unique and diverse wetlands setting. It explores how a group of educators, from Jacobs Well Field Study Centre (in south-east Queensland), developed an arts-aesthetic approach to environmental education as a joint project with the staff of Numinbah Valley Field Study Centre. ‘Project Ozone’ and the Boat Project are described as examples of what can be achieved by insight, and commitment to new directions in environmental education.
Towards education for the environment
Authors: Henry J. A. 
Published: July 2016

This is a version of a paper presented at the Second National Conference of the Australian Association for Environmental Education held in Brisbane in August 1982.This paper will begin with an attempt to address the question: “What presuppositions about teaching and curriculum are embedded in the developed conception of environmental education as education for the environment?” The answers advanced here will be tentative in nature and obviously incomplete. They will, however, allow the discussion to advance to a consideration of teacher behaviours compatible with the education for the environment concept, and to an appreciation of the dilemmas confronting teachers of environmental education so conceived.
Snack Peanuts Purchase Pattern: Effects of Nutritional Considerations and Household Characteristics
Authors: Rimal Arbindra P. , Fletcher Stanley M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis study examines the effect of a meal planner's nutritional awareness, exercise habits, and household socioeconomic characteristics on market participation and frequency of purchase of snack peanuts. Data are from a household survey of 2880 U.S. households collected by Gallup in 1997. Statistical tests showed that a double-hurdle or Cragg model best represented consumers' participation and purchase level decisions in the snack peanut market. The results indicated that meal planner's nutritional considerations while making food purchase decisions had little effect on the participation level decisions, but did affect purchase frequency of snack peanuts. Those household meal planners who were overly concerned about undesirable nutritional factors tended to decrease their purchase of snack peanuts. Promotion of snack peanuts on the basis of nutritional benefits through health professional and media is a useful tool to increase purchase frequency.
Measuring Inefficiency in the Presence of an Export Tax, an Import Tariff, and a State Trading Enterprise
Authors: Schmitz Troy G. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAgricultural sales cooperative unions (ASCUs) in Turkey are heavily influenced by both domestic and international government policies. Both export taxes and import tariffs are used as policy tools to regulate cotton markets. Domestic price support programs, water subsidies, fertilizer subsidies, and credit subsidies have also been used as domestic policy tools. These types of subsidies are not uncommon among developing countries. This paper provides empirical estimates of the degree of economic inefficiency associated with government intervention in Turkish cotton markets. A two-region partial equilibrium model of cotton exports and imports is developed under the “small country assumption” to obtain empirical estimates of the deadweight welfare loss associated with these government subsidies. Although government intervention results in significant income distribution among the various cotton sectors within Turkey, the overall economic inefficiency of the redistribution is very low.
Overshooting of Agricultural Prices in Four Asian Economies
Authors: Saghaian Sayed H. , Hasan Mohamad F. , Reed Michael R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis article examines the impacts of monetary policy on agricultural prices in four Asian economies using time series analysis and graph theory. The estimations clearly show that agricultural prices overshoot their long-run equilibrium values for Korea, Philippines, and Thailand, and the overshooting for agricultural prices is larger than for manufactured prices. Impulse-response functions and variance-decomposition analysis based on directed graphs and causal structures highlight the complex interplay among the variables in the model and how those relationships differ by country. Money supply changes clearly affect real variables and relative prices for all countries either through overshooting or non-neutrality of money.
Impacts of the 1996 Farm Bill Including Ad Hoc Additions
Authors: Ray Daryll E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWhether the next farm bill is a slightly modified extension of the 1996 Farm Bill or is significantly different from the current bill will hinge on how the 1996 Farm Bill is perceived to have performed. With no supply management provisions in the 1996 Farm Bill, the crop markets have not shown a capacity to self-correct by reducing the quantity supplied and increasing the quantity demanded in response to relatively large declines in crop prices.
Land Use Change and Competition in the South
Authors: Reynolds John E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe amount of land in urban and other special uses increased more than 50 percent since the 1960s in the South. Rural land converted to urban uses is directly related to increases in population in the South. Urban land-use coefficients were estimated to provide a measure of the amount of land converted to urban uses per person added to the population base. These coefficients indicate that from 1974 to 1987 two-thirds to three fourths of an acre of land was converted to urban uses for each person added to the population base. At this rate, about 12.6 million acres are expected to be converted to urban use in the South during the next two decades.
Analysis of the Risk Management Properties of Grazing Contracts Versus Futures and Option Contracts
Authors: Wes Harrison R. , Bobst Barry W. , Benson Fred J. , Meyer Lee 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA stochastic budget simulator and generalized stochastic dominance are used to compare the risk management properties of grazing contracts to futures and option contracts. The results show that the risks of backgrounding feeder cattle are reduced significantly for pasture owners in a grazing contract. However, the risks of the cattle owner in a grazing contract are not significantly reduced. The results also show that generally risk averse pasture owners prefer grazing contracts to integrated production when traditional hedging is used to manage price risks. In addition, grazing contracts compare favorably with put option contracts for some pasture owners.
Asymmetric Price Relationships in the U.S. Broiler Industry
Authors: Bernard John C. , Willett Lois Schertz 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis study presents a testing methodology to analyze potential price asymmetries among the farm, wholesale, and retail levels of the U.S. broiler industry. Lag length, direction of causality, and asymmetric relationships are empirically determined. Results suggest that concentration and power of the integrators in the industry have allowed the wholesale price to become the center, causal price in the market. Asymmetric price transmissions, however, are limited. While downward movements in the wholesale price are passed on more fully to growers than increases in the wholesale price, only consumers in the North Central region of the U.S. share a larger portion of wholesalers’ price increases than price decreases.
Induced Policy Innovation: Environmental Compliance Requirements for Dairies in Texas and Florida
Authors: Thurow Amy Purvis , Holt John 
Published: July 2016

AbstractEnvironmental policies make a difference in shaping producers' choices among dairy production technologies, the sizes and locations of their dairies, and even which dairies ultimately survive. Induced policy innovation means producers reacting to policies, and policies, in turn, being shaped by their effects. Profiles of experiences with environmental compliance in Texas and Florida were analyzed. Results demonstrate that the timing and sequencing of policy signals make a difference in compliance behavior and options. Furthermore, ex ante assessments of the costs of environmental compliance are challenging to carry out, and consequently can undermine the policy goal of maintaining the maximum number of options for compliance.
Relationships Between Industrialized Agriculture and Environmental Consequences: The Case of Vertical Coordination in Broilers and Hogs
Authors: Martin Laura L. , Zering Kelly D. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between industrialized production in the pork and broiler industries and the natural environment. Historical perspectives are presented regarding the movement toward increasingly concentrated and coordinated pork and broiler production units in the South. The relationships between animal by-product management and environmental quality, both at the farm level and within a geographic region, are addressed. Using the North Carolina pork industry as a background, current regulations and potential policy implications to protect environmental quality are discussed.