bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlates of Self-Reported Viral Suppression Among HIV-Positive, Young, Black Men Who Have Sex With Men Participating in a Randomized Controlled Trial of An Internet-Based HIV Prevention Intervention
Authors: Menza Timothy William , Choi Seul-Ki , LeGrand Sara , Muessig Kate , Hightow-Weidman Lisa 
Published: August 2017

Background
Young, black men who have sex with men are disproportionately impacted by the US HIV epidemic, and HIV-positive, young, black men who have sex with men face stark disparities in HIV clinical outcomes.

Methods
We performed an observational analysis of the 199 HIV-positive black men aged 18 to 30 years followed up for 12 months in healthMpowerment, a randomized controlled trial of an Internet-based HIV prevention intervention, to identify time-varying correlates of self-reported viral suppression using relative risk (RR) regression.

Results
Retention at the 12-month visit was 84%. One hundred five (65%) of 162 participants reported being undetectable at baseline. At 3, 6, and 12 months, 83 (72%) of 115, 84 (82%) of 103, and 101 (86%) of 117 reported an undetectable viral load, respectively. In a multivariable model, participants who reported homelessness (RR, 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72–0.99), who had clinically significant depressive symptoms (RR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.79–0.98), and who used methamphetamine or crack (RR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.38–0.96) were less likely to report an undetectable viral load. Young men who engaged in condomless insertive anal intercourse were more likely to report viral suppression (RR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.04–1.24).

Conclusion
HIV care for young, black men who have sex with men must be multidimensional to address medical needs in the context of mental health, substance use, and housing insecurity.
State and Local Health Department Activities Related to Abortion: A Web Site Content Analysis
Authors: Berglas Nancy F. , Johns Nicole E. , Rosenzweig Caroline , Hunter Lauren A. , Roberts Sarah C. M. 
Published: August 2017

Context:
Recent legislation in states across the United States has required governmental health agencies to take on new and different roles in relation to abortion. While there has been media attention to health department roles in regulating abortion providers, there has been no systematic investigation of the range of activities in which state and local health departments are engaged.

Objective:
To systematically investigate health department activities related to abortion.

Methods:
We searched state health department Web sites of the 50 states and District of Columbia using key words such as “abortion” and “pregnancy termination”. Two trained coders categorized 6093 documents using the 10 Essential Public Health Services (EPHS) framework. We then applied these methods to 671 local health department documents.

Setting:
State and local health department Web sites.

Participants:
N/A.

Results:
On average, states engaged in 5.1 of 10 Essential Services related to abortion. Most (76%-98%) state health departments engaged in activities to Monitor Health Status (EPHS1), Enforce Laws (EPHS6), and Evaluate Effectiveness, Accessibility, and Quality (EPHS9). Many (47%-69%) engaged in activities to Inform and Educate (EPHS3), Develop Policies (EPHS5), and Link to Services (EPHS7). A minority (4%-29%) engaged in activities to Diagnose and Investigate Health Problems (EPHS2), Mobilize Community Partnerships (EPHS4), and Assure Competent Workforce (EPHS8). No state engaged in Innovative Research (EPHS10). Few local health departments engaged in abortion-related activities.

Conclusions:
While most state health departments engage in abortion-related activities, they appear to reflect what the law requires rather than the range of core public health activities. Additional research is needed to assess whether these services meet quality standards for public health services and determine how best to support governmental health agencies in their growing tasks. These findings raise important questions about the role of public health agencies and professionals in defining how health departments should be engaging with abortion.
Applying Decision Science to the Prioritization of Healthcare-Associated Infection Initiatives
Authors: Tsai Terry H. , Gerst Michael D. , Engineer Cyrus , Lehmann Harold P. 
Published: August 2017

Objectives
Improving patient quality remains a top priority from the perspectives of both patient outcomes and cost of care. The continuing threat to patient safety has resulted in an increasing number of options for patient safety initiatives, making choices more difficult because of competing priorities. This study provides a proof of concept for using low-cost decision science methods for prioritizing initiatives.

Methods
Using multicriteria decision analysis, we developed a decision support model for aiding the prioritization of the four most common types of healthcare-associated infections: surgical site infections, central line–associated bloodstream infections, ventilator-associated events, and catheter-associated urinary tract infections. In semistructured interviews, we elicited structure and parameter values of a candidate model, which was then validated by six participants with different roles across three urban teaching and nonteaching hospitals in the Baltimore, Maryland area.

Results
Participants articulated the following structural attributes of concern: patient harm, monetary costs, patient mortality, reputational effects, and patient satisfaction. A quantitative decision-making model with an associated uncertainty report for prioritizing initiatives related to the four most common types of healthcare-associated infections was then created.

Conclusions
A decision support methodology such as our proof of concept could aid hospital executives in prioritizing the quality improvement initiatives within their hospital, with more complete data. Because hospitals continue to struggle in improving quality of care with tighter budgets, a formal decision support mechanism could be used to objectively prioritize patient safety and quality initiatives.
Electroencephalogram Abnormalities During Positional Changes in Brain Sagging Syndrome
Authors: Bensam Benziger , Sy Heustein L. , Sotudeh Nadia , Bhalla Paulomi K. , Hwang Sean T. , LeDoux David E. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose:
Brain sagging after craniotomy and clipping of a ruptured aneurysm is a rare complication. Clinical and electrographic changes in patients with a final diagnosis of intracranial hypotension are not well described, and can be mistaken on rare occasions for other entities such as nonconvulsive status epilepticus. There may be resulting delay in the diagnosis and treatment of this potentially life-threatening disorder.

Methods:
Case report and imaging.

Results:
We present a case of intracranial hypotension in which concerning continuous electroencephalogram (cEEG) and quantitative EEG (qEEG) findings were noted during active sagging of the brain, which resolved with supine positioning. During upright seating, cEEG showed high-amplitude bilateral rhythmic 2-Hz slow-wave activity, and bilateral increase of spectral delta power on qEEG, in association with neurologic decline in function. When placed in supine position, the cEEG and qEEG abnormalities resolved in conjunction with the recovery of neurologic function.

Conclusions:
Brain sagging can be diagnosed using simple maneuvers such as supine positioning. This case report describes changes seen in cEEG and qEEG monitoring that accompany these maneuvers, which may provide further evidence for the diagnosis of brain sagging. Thus, cEEG and qEEG monitoring may have a role in the early detection and treatment of brain sagging.
Export of ice nucleating particles from a watershed
Authors: Larsen Jarl Are , Conen Franz , Alewell Christine 
Published: August 2017

Ice nucleating particles (INP) active at a few degrees below 0°C are produced by a range of organisms and released into the environment. They may affect cloud properties and precipitation when becoming airborne. So far, our knowledge about sources of biological INP is based on grab samples of vegetation, soil or water studied in the laboratory. By combining measurements of INP concentrations in river water with river water discharge rates over the course of 16 months, we obtained a lower limit for the production rate of INP in a watershed covering most of Switzerland (4 × 10
5
INP
−8
m
−2
d
−1
). Coincidentally, we found that INP
−8
are likely to retain their potential for catalysing ice formation in the natural environment for at least several months before they are mobilized by an intensive rainfall, washed into the river and exported from the watershed.
Full Likelihood Inference from the Site Frequency Spectrum based on the Optimal Tree Resolution
Authors: Sainudiin Raazesh , Véber Amandine 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe develop a novel importance sampler to compute the full likelihood function of a demographic or structural scenario given the site frequency spectrum (SFS) at a locus free of intra-locus recombination. This sampler, instead of representing the hidden genealogy of a sample of individuals by a labelled binary tree, uses the minimal level of information about such a tree that is needed for the likelihood of the SFS and thus takes advantage of the huge reduction in the size of the state space that needs to be integrated. We assume that the population may have demographically changed and may be non-panmictically structured, as reflected by the branch lengths and the topology of the genealogical tree of the sample, respectively. We also assume that mutations conform to the infinitely-many-sites model. We achieve this by a controlled Markov process that generates ‘particles’ in the hidden space of SFS histories which are always compatible with the observed SFS.To produce the particles, we use Aldous’ Beta-splitting model for a one parameter family of prior distributions over genealogical topologies or shapes (including that of the Kingman coalescent) and allow the branch lengths or epoch times to have a parametric family of priors specified by a model of demography (including exponential growth and bottleneck models). Assuming independence across unlinked loci, we can estimate the likelihood of a population scenario based on a large collection of independent SFS by an importance sampling scheme, using the (unconditional) distribution of the genealogies under this scenario when the latter is available. When it is not available, we instead compute the joint likelihood of the tree balance parameterβassuming that the tree topology follows Aldous’ Beta-splitting model, and of the demographic scenario determining the distribution of the inter-coalescence times or epoch times in the genealogy of a sample, in order to at least distinguish different equivalence classes of population scenarios leading to different tree balances and epoch times. Simulation studies are conducted to demonstrate the capabilities of the approach with publicly available code.
CXCR4involvement in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Bonham Luke W , Karch Celeste M. , Fan Chun C. , Tan Chin Hong , Geier Ethan G. , Wang Yunpeng , Wen Natalie , Broce Iris J. , Li Yi , Barkovich Matthew J. , Ferrari Raffaele , Hardy John , Hardy John , Hardy John , Hardy John , Momeni Parastoo , Höeglinger Günter , Müller Ulrich , Hess Christopher P. , Sugrue Leo P. , Dillon William P. , Schellenberg Gerard D. , Miller Bruce L. , Andreassen Ole A. , Dale Anders M. , James Barkovich A. , Yokoyama Jennifer S. , Desikan Rahul S. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTNeurodegenerative diseases likely share common underlying pathobiology. Although prior work has identified susceptibility loci associated with various dementias, few, if any, studies have systematically evaluated shared genetic risk across several neurodegenerative diseases. Using genome-wide association data from large studies (total n = 82,337 cases and controls), we utilized a previously validated approach to identify genetic overlap and reveal common pathways between progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In addition to theMAPTH1 haplotype, we identified a variant near the chemokine receptorCXCR4that was jointly associated with increased risk for PSP and PD. Using bioinformatics tools, we found strong physical interactions betweenCXCR4and four microglia related genes, namelyCXCL12,TLR2, RALBandCCR5.Evaluating gene expression from post-mortem brain tissue, we found that expression ofCXCR4and microglial genes functionally related toCXCR4was dysregulated across a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, in a mouse model of tauopathy, expression ofCXCR4and functionally associated genes was significantly altered in regions of the mouse brain that accumulate neurofibrillary tangles most robustly. BeyondMAPT, we show dysregulation ofCXCR4expression in PSP, PD, and FTD brains, and mouse models of tau pathology. Our multi-modal findings suggest that abnormal signaling across a ‘network’ of microglial genes may contribute to neurodegeneration and may have potential implications for clinical trials targeting immune dysfunction in patients with neurodegenerative diseases.
Photoperiodic control of the Arabidopsis proteome reveals a translational coincidence mechanism
Authors: Seaton Daniel D , Graf Alexander , Baerenfaller Katja , Stitt Mark , Millar Andrew J. , Gruissem Wilhelm 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPlants respond to seasonal cues, such as the photoperiod, to adapt to current conditions and to prepare for environmental changes in the season to come. To assess photoperiodic responses at the protein level, we quantified the proteome of the model plantArabidopsis thalianaby mass spectrometry across four photoperiods. This revealed coordinated changes of abundance in proteins of photosynthesis, primary and secondary metabolism, including pigment biosynthesis, consistent with higher metabolic activity in long photoperiods. Higher translation rates in the daytime than the night likely contribute to these changes via rhythmic changes in RNA abundance. Photoperiodic control of protein levels might be greatest only if high translation rates coincide with high transcript levels in some photoperiods. We term this proposed mechanism ´translational coincidence´, mathematically model its components, and demonstrate its effect on the Arabidopsis proteome. Datasets from a green alga and a cyanobacterium suggest that translational coincidence contributes to seasonal control of the proteome in many phototrophic organisms. This may explain why many transcripts but not their cognate proteins exhibit diurnal rhythms.
Exome sequencing and genotyping identify a rare variant inNLRP7gene associated with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Onoufriadis Alexandros , Stone Kristina , Katsiamides Antreas , Amar Ariella , Omar Yasmin , de Lange Katrina , Taylor Kirstin , Barrett Jeffrey C. , Pollok Richard , Hayee Bu’Hussain , Mansfield John C. , Sanderson Jeremy D. , Simpson Michael A. , Mathew Christopher G. , Prescott Natalie J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackground and aimsAlthough genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have identified a large number of common disease susceptibility alleles for both Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), a substantial fraction of IBD heritability remains unexplained, suggesting that rare coding genetic variants may also have a role in pathogenesis. We used high-throughput sequencing in families with multiple cases of IBD, followed by genotyping of cases and controls, to investigate whether rare protein altering genetic variants are associated with susceptibility to IBD.MethodsWhole exome sequencing was carried out in 10 families in which 3 or more individuals were affected with IBD. A stepwise filtering approach was applied to exome variants to identify potential causal variants. Follow-up genotyping was performed in 6,025 IBD cases (2,948 CD; 3,077 UC) and 7,238 controls.ResultsOur exome variant analysis revealed coding variants in theNLRP7gene that were present in affected individuals in two distinct families. Genotyping of the two variants, p.S361L and p.R801H, in IBD cases and controls showed that the p.S361L variant was significantly associated with an increased risk of ulcerative colitis (odds ratio 4.79, p=0.0039) and IBD (odds ratio 3.17, p=0.037). A combined analysis of both variants showed suggestive association with an increased risk of IBD (odds ratio 2.77, p=0.018).ConclusionsThe results suggest thatNLRP7signalling and inflammasome formation may be a significant component in the pathogenesis of IBD.
Cheater-altruist synergy in immunopathogenic ecological public goods games
Authors: Morsky Bryce , Vural Dervis Can 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMuch research has focused on the deleterious effects of free-riding in public goods games, and a variety of mechanisms that suppresses cheating behavior. Here we argue that under certain conditions cheating behavior can be beneficial to the population. In a public goods game, cheaters do not pay for the cost of the public goods, yet they receive the benefit. Although this free-riding harms the entire population in the long run, the success of cheaters may aid the population when there is a common enemy that antagonizes both cooperators and cheaters. Here we study models in which an immune system antagonizes a cooperating pathogen. We investigate three population dynamics models, and determine under what conditions the presence of cheaters help defeat the immune system. The mechanism of action is that a polymorphism of cheaters and altruists optimizes the average growth rate. Our results give support for a possible synergy between cooperators and cheaters in ecological public goods games.
Brokerage-based value creation: the case of a Danish offshore business network
Authors: Gretzinger Susanne , Leick Birgit 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
Social capital plays an important role in transforming knowledge within and across inter-firm business networks in industries. The purpose of this paper is to explore different kinds of transfer mechanism such as “bonding,” “bridging,” and “protecting” within a case network of the Danish offshore windmill industry. Its aim is to describe how these mechanisms interactively support value co-creation among the involved enterprises and how social capital, residing in the relationships between actors from the firms, is influenced by the different transfer mechanisms.

Design/methodology/approach
Based upon a single case study, the paper demonstrates “bonding,” “bridging,” and “protecting” as distinct, yet related, mechanisms for inter-firm business networking. The sample used covers selected key actors from the network as well as third-party experts from the Danish windmill industry, which together represent the most important knowledge-offering and knowledge-demanding domains.

Findings
Activities associated with “bridging” and “bonding” clearly matter for creating value for the business network and the industry alike, as they are supportive of strategic capability development (for instance, high-skilled work). While producers and supply companies apply such “bridging,” “bonding,” and additional “protecting” mechanisms based upon their predominant position, small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), however, need to shape teams to do so. A major finding of the study is, thus, that team-based interrelationships among SMEs activate “bridging,” “bonding.” and “protecting” initiatives which are particularly supportive of capability improvement and industry growth. They enable the transfer of relevant capabilities between different projects where actors within SMEs organizations learn to activate and use such knowledge transfer mechanisms. Moreover, asymmetrical dependency-relationships can be partly overcome by shaping and using the mechanisms on the part of SMEs in the network.

Originality/value
To date, brokerage is still an under-explored topic with regard to inter-firm business networks. This case study contributes to the research by illustrating important and distinct qualitative aspects of brokerage, which are conceptualized as “bonding,” “bridging,” and “protecting” initiatives on the part of brokers. The study highlights that not only strong actors with central positions can step into the role as a broker. Even less resourceful actors within asymmetrical relations can act as broker and compensate a lack of resources or strengthen their position within the industry network. Consequently, value co-creating processes within industry networks can also be boosted by brokerage initiated by small companies.
Practice or lip service: exploring collaboration perspectives in purchasing
Authors: Boyce Wesley S. , Mundy Ray A. 
Published: August 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to convey a sample of current collaboration perspectives in purchasing. The purchasing function has a critical role to play in collaborative relationships since it is a key facet of any given supply chain. These relationships may be beneficial when coordinated actions benefit buyers, suppliers, and the entire supply chain more than the uncoordinated efforts of individual firms. Despite the commonly reported benefits that can be gained in close relationships, recent research has indicated that collaboration attempts between firms in supply chains have not been as widespread as anticipated.Design/methodology/approachThis research investigates the progress the purchasing function has made in achieving collaborative supply chain relationships. Input is gained from purchasing professionals via semi-structured interviews of procurement professionals. Grounded theory is used to deduct key themes from the interviews.FindingsResults from a small sample size of nine interviews indicate that collaboration in purchasing has not yet reached the theoretical ideal, and it is suggested that key issues such as trust still do not exist at levels that would be appropriate to support collaborative relationships.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper can be used as a basis to support further analysis that may broaden the scope of input from purchasing professionals. It is also difficult to draw generalizations from an interview method, and the sampling technique utilized limited the pool of potential interviewees to a sample size of nine semi-structured interviews.Practical implicationsThis paper provides insights that purchasing professionals and those that deal with them can consider when engaging in supply chain relationships. It provides potential insights into where the purchasing function stands in its use of a collaborative strategy.Originality/valueThis paper focuses specifically on how the purchasing function is utilizing collaboration by gathering input from purchasing professionals. This practical viewpoint provides a realistic perspective that complements previous research on collaboration.