bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of alpha‐bisabolol and phenylethyl resorcinol/TiO2 hybrid composites for potential applications in cosmetics
Authors: Leong H. J. , Jang I. , Hyun K.‐S. , Jung S.‐K. , Hong G.‐H. , Jeong H.‐A. , Oh S.‐G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveBifunctional alpha‐bisabolol and phenylethyl resorcinol/TiO2 hybrids were prepared to apply in cosmetic fields, particularly in anti‐ageing and hyperpigmentation treatment. The synergistic effect of combined antioxidant and UV filtering properties was achieved through functionalization of TiO2 particles with skin‐lightening materials such as alpha‐bisabolol and phenylethyl resorcinol.MethodsTiO2 microspheres with a diameter of about 1 μm were synthesized through surfactant‐assisted sol–gel method for use as supporting materials in the formation of hybrid composites. Carboxylation treatment was performed for surface modification of the TiO2 surface with carboxyl groups as chemical binders. Esterification reaction between carboxyl groups of carboxylated TiO2 and hydroxyl groups of alpha‐bisabolol or phenylethyl resorcinol was performed. The hybrids were characterized using various techniques such as FE‐SEM, DLS, EDS, ATR‐FTIR, XPS and TGA. For application of prepared TiO2 composites in the field of cosmetics, the anti‐radicular antioxidant abilities were evaluated using ABTS and DPPH colorimetric antioxidant assay.ResultsOrganic/inorganic hybrid composites were successfully formed using esterification reaction between the carboxyl groups at TiO2 surface and the hydroxyl groups of the skin‐lightening materials. The results demonstrate that both functionalized microspheres show scavenging ability towards the ABTS• and DPPH• radicals. Specifically, the phenylethyl resorcinol/TiO2 composites exhibited the highest antioxidant ability among the prepared samples owing to the presence of phenolic groups to scavenge free radicals.ConclusionUsing this strategy, it could be possible to prepare not only inorganic UV filter but also hybrid organic/inorganic materials with multifunctions and advantages which would be in a great demand for cosmetic applications.
Chitosan‐Tethered Iron Oxide Composites as an Antisintering Porous Structure for High‐Performance Li‐Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Nguyen Thuy‐An , Kim Il Tae , Lee Sang‐Wha 
Published: May 2016

Chitosan‐linked Fe3O4 (CL‐Fe3O4) is facilely prepared by electrostatic interactions between citrate‐capped Fe3O4 (C‐Fe3O4) (with negatively charged carboxylate groups) and chitosan oligosaccharide lactate (with positively charged amine groups), and utilized as anodes for lithium‐ion batteries. Inert‐atmosphere calcination of CL‐Fe3O4 at 400°C leads to the formation of chitosan‐tethered iron oxide composites (Fe2O3@chitosan) with an antisintering porous structure. As the calcination temperature changes from 400°C to 700°C, the size of primary particles increases from ca. 40 nm to ca. 100 nm, and the surface area decreases from 57.8 m2/g to 10.9 m2/g. The iron oxide composites exhibit a high discharge capacity and good rate performance. At a current density of 0.1 C after 50 cycles, Fe2O3@chitosan (400°C) exhibits a higher retention capacity of 732 mAh/g than those (544 and 634 mAh/g) of chitosan‐free Fe2O3 and Fe2O3@chitosan (700°C), respectively. The high performance of Fe2O3@chitosan (400°C) is attributed to the antisintering porous structure with high surface area that is beneficial for facilitating ion transport, demonstrating a useful chemical strategy for the direct formation of porous electrode materials at low calcination temperature.
Concurrence of lower jaw skeletal anomalies in triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and the effect on growth in freshwater
Authors: Amoroso G , Cobcroft J M , Adams M B , Ventura T , Carter C G 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTriploid Atlantic salmon populations are associated with higher prevalence of lower jaw skeletal anomalies affecting fish performance, welfare and value deleteriously. Anomalous lower jaw can be curved downward (LJD), shortened (SJ) or misaligned (MA). Two separate groups of triploid Atlantic salmon (~12 g) with either normal lower jaw (NOR) or SJ were visually assessed four times over three months for presence and concurrence of jaw anomalies (with severity classified) and opercular shortening to understand the relatedness of these anomalous developmental processes. The prevalence of jaw anomalies increased in both groups over time (NOR group – SJ, LJD and MA combined 0–24.5%; SJ group – LJD and MA combined 17–31%). SJ and LJD occurred both independently and concurrently whereas MA exclusively concurred with them. All three anomalies could be concurrent. Severity of both LJD and SJ increased in the SJ group only. Opercular shortening recovery was observed in both groups but at a slower rate in the SJ group. The SJ group specific growth rate (SGR) was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the NOR group. This study demonstrated the concurrence of SJ, LJD and MA and showed possible deleterious consequences deriving from the conditions.
Pressure–temperature–structural distance relationships within Greater Himalayan rocks in eastern Bhutan: implications for emplacement models
Authors: Agustsson K. S. , Gordon S. M. , Long S. P. , Seward G. G. E. , Zeiger K. , Penfold M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn the Himalayan orogen, Greater Himalayan (GH) rocks were buried to mid‐ to lower‐crustal levels and are now exposed across the strike of the orogen. Within the eastern Himalaya, in the Kingdom of Bhutan, the GH is divided into structurally lower (lower‐GH) and upper (upper‐GH) levels by the Kakhtang thrust (KT). Pressure–temperature estimates from lower‐ and upper‐GH rocks collected on two transects across the KT yield similar P–T–structural distance trends across each transect. In the eastern transect, temperatures are similar (from 730 to 650 °C) over a structural thickness of ~11 km, but peak pressures decrease from ~10 to 6 kbar with increasing structural level. In comparison, peak temperatures in the central Bhutan transect are similar (from 730 to 600 °C), but pressures decrease from 10 to 6.5 kbar with increasing structural level over a structural thickness of ~6 km. The structurally highest sample reveals slightly higher pressures of 8.0 kbar in comparison to pressures of ~6.5 kbar for samples collected from within the KT zone, ~4 km below. Within each transect, there are increases in pressure ± temperature within the overall upright P–T gradient that may demarcate intra‐GH shear zone(s). These P–T results combined with evidence that the timing of initial melt crystallization becomes older with increasing structural level suggest that the intra‐GH shear zones emplaced deeper GH rocks via progressive ductile underplating. These shear zones, including the KT, likely aided in the initial emplacement and construction of the GH as a composite tectonic unit during the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene, from c. 27 to 16 Ma.
Fulfill Promises and Avoid Breaches to Retain Satisfied, Committed Nurses
Authors: Rodwell John , Ellershaw Julia 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPurposeThis study examines two commonly proposed mechanisms, violation and trust, to see if they mediate the relationships between the components of the psychological contract (i.e., promises, fulfillment, and breach) and their impact on the work‐related outcomes of job satisfaction, intent to quit, and organizational commitment.DesignOnline surveys were completed by 459 Australian nurses.FindingsStructural equation modeling revealed that breach and fulfillment have direct and mediated effects on the outcomes, whereas promises had no impact. Violation partially mediated the relationship between breach and job satisfaction and intent to quit, while trust partially mediated the relationships between fulfillment and organizational commitment, and breach and organizational commitment.ConclusionsNegative experiences (i.e., breaches) were related to both increased feelings of violation and decreased feelings of trust. In contrast, positive experiences (i.e., fulfillment) increased trust but did not significantly reduce feelings of violation. Nurse and organizational managers can use these findings to improve communication with nurses so as to minimize the negative effects of breach and maximize the positive effects of fulfillment and thus improve attitudes.Clinical RelevanceNurse managers need to be careful to make promises regarding their nurses’ employment that they can fulfill and to particularly avoid breaking the psychological contract. The potentially disproportionate negative effect of breach means that a breach can undo a lot of efforts to fulfill employment‐related promises.
An examination of the association of cognitive functioning, adherence to sodium restriction and Na/K ratios in Korean heart failure patients
Authors: Hwang Seon Young , Kim JinShil 
Published: May 2016

Aims and objectivesMaintaining adequate ratios of sodium‐to‐potassium requires heart failure patients to be adherent to recommended dietary guidelines. A potential deterrent to adherence is poor cognitive functioning. The aims of this study were to (1) estimate dietary sodium and potassium intake and sodium‐to‐potassium ratios and (2) examine the associations between cognitive functioning and sodium‐to‐potassium ratios.BackgroundCognitive impairment may impact levels of adherence and subsequently sodium‐to‐potassium ratios; however, little is known about the relationship of cognitive functioning, adherence to dietary restrictions and sodium‐to‐potassium ratios.DesignThis study used a descriptive correlational design.MethodsFace‐to‐face interviews were conducted with heart failure patients with preserved or reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. Standard cognitive measures were used and included neuropsychological tests of global cognition, immediate and delayed recall, and executive function. Further, patients were instructed to complete a three‐day food diary as an indirect measure of sodium‐to‐potassium intake.ResultsNinety‐one Korean patients with heart failure participated in this study (age 57 years, women 33%, education 10 years). A major underlying cause for heart failure was dilated cardiomyopathy (40%), followed by ischaemic cause (24%); the mean heart failure duration was 37 months. Average sodium intake was 3982 mg/day, with men consuming a significantly higher amount than women (4207 vs. 3523 mg). Potassium intake was 2583 mg/day, with both men and women consuming similarly insufficient amounts. Sodium‐to‐potassium ratio was 1·60, with men having a significantly elevated ratio compared with women (1·68 vs. 1·44). Cognitive function by sodium‐to‐potassium quartile groups showed nonlinear associations.ConclusionParticipants in the study consumed excessive sodium and insufficient potassium; correspondingly, elevated sodium‐to‐potassium ratios showed significant associations with cognitive function (memory).Relevance to clinical practiceDietary guidelines tailored to levels of cognitive function as well as Korean dining culture may be important in ensuring sodium‐to‐potassium balance in these heart failure patients.
‘It's much worse than dying’: the experiences of female victims of sexual violence
Authors: dos Reis Maria José , Lopes Maria Helena Baena de Moraes , Osis Maria José Duarte 
Published: May 2016

Aims and objectivesTo describe the experiences of women who have suffered sexual violence and the impact and importance of that violence on their lives.BackgroundSexual violence against women is a serious problem worldwide. Studies need to investigate how women reorganise their lives after experiencing sexual violence.DesignA qualitative design was used to explore women's experiences.MethodsThis study analysed semistructured interviews of 11 women who had experienced a sexual assault. The interviews were performed at a specialised walk‐in clinic at a university hospital in the interior of São Paulo State, Brazil. A thematic analysis of the content led to the identification of the following themes: (1) impact and meaning of the violence; (2) feelings; (3) overcoming the violence and (4) expectations for the future.ResultsSexual violence had a devastating impact on the lives of these women. The women's postviolence experiences caused feelings of guilt, impotence, fragility and immobility. These experiences also instilled a belief that they may have ‘provoked’ the violence. Nevertheless, the women showed resilience, investing all of their energy in returning their lives to pre‐violence conditions. Family, friends and other important people, as well as the care that the women received from health services, were cited as factors that sustained this attitude of resilience.ConclusionsProviding appropriate care to female victims of sexual assault requires not only treating the physical damage caused by the violence but also evaluating the particularities of the experience's emotional impact on each woman and the psychosocial repercussions of the experience.Relevance to clinical practiceHealth professionals should follow up with women during their recovery period.
Mum's absence(s): conceptual insights into absence as loss during a loved one's delirium
Authors: Day Jenny , Higgins Isabel 
Published: May 2016

Aims and objectivesTo examine qualitative research findings about family experiences of absence or loss during older person delirium, and provide a critical discussion of the similarities and differences in these experiences with conceptual understandings of absence and loss.BackgroundFamilies who care for older people with chronic illnesses experience many losses. However, the nondeath loss experiences of family during an older loved one's delirium, an acute condition accompanied by marked changes in demeanour, have received little consideration.DesignDiscursive position paper.MethodsThe findings from two qualitative research studies about family experiences during an older loved one's delirium are discussed in relation to the concepts of absence and nondeath loss.ResultsThe uncharacteristic behaviours and cognitive changes that accompany delirium may estrange family who, despite the older person's corporeal presence, sense the profound absence or loss of their loved one. Although the notion of absence, a nondeath loss, is similar to the experiences of family of people with chronic conditions, there are differences that distinguish these encounters. The similarities and differences between absence during delirium and the concepts of psychological absence, nonfinite loss and psychosocial death are discussed. Psychosocial death, reversibility/irreversibility and partial marked change, are suggested as conceptual descriptions for the absence families experience during an older loved one's delirium.ConclusionsThe sense of absence or loss that family may experience during their older loved one's delirium needs to be recognised, understood and addressed by healthcare staff. Understanding or appreciating conceptualisations of absence, as a nondeath loss, may enhance understandings of family member needs during delirium and enable better support strategies.Relevance to clinical practiceConceptualisations of absence enhance understandings of family distress and needs during their older loved one's delirium. The potential for family members to experience their loved one's absence during delirium, a nondeath loss, needs to be considered by healthcare staff. Family experiences of absence during delirium need to be recognised by healthcare staff, acknowledged as a potential source of distress, and considered when involving family in the older person's care. Nurses are ideally placed to respond compassionately and provide appropriate family member re‐assurance, support and information during delirium. Information should include possible impacts on family and coping strategies.
Insertion/deletion polymorphism in IL1A 3′‐UTR is associated with susceptibility to endometrial cancer in Chinese Han women
Authors: Yu Xiuzhang , Zhou Bin , Zhang Zhu , Lan Zhu , Chen Peng , Duan Ruiqi , Zhang Lin , Xi Mingrong 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate whether a functional insertion/deletion polymorphism (rs3783553) located in the 3′‐untranslated regions of interleukin‐1 A is associated with susceptibility to endometrial cancer (EC) in Chinese Han women.MethodsA total of 272 patients and 294 age‐matched healthy controls were included in the study. The genotype of the rs3783553 polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.ResultsOur results showed that a significantly reduced risk of EC was found to be associated with the II (insertion/insertion) genotype compared with DD (deletion/deletion) only (P = 0.037, odds ratio = 0.56, 95% confidence interval = 0.32–0.97) as well as compared with the DD + DI (deletion/insertion) genotype (P = 0.032, odds ratio = 0.57, 95% confidence interval = 0.34–0.96) in the recessive model. No significant association was detected between certain clinical features of EC patients and genotype of rs3783553.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that the rs3783553 polymorphism may be involved in susceptibility to EC. The II genotype seems to be a protective factor for EC in Chinese Han women.
Generation and application of mammalian haploid embryonic stem cells
Authors: Bai M. , Wu Y. , Li J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHaploid cells contain one set of chromosomes and are amenable for genetic analyses. In mammals, haploidy exists only in gametes. An intriguing question is whether haploid cells can be derived from gametes. Recently, by application of haploid cell enrichment using fluorescence‐activated cell sorting, stable haploid embryonic stem cells (haESCs) have been successfully derived from oocyte‐derived parthenogenetic and sperm‐derived androgenetic embryos from several species. Whilst both parthenogenetic and androgenetic (AG)‐haESCs enable whole‐genome genetic screening at the cellular level, such as screening of drug resistance or disease‐related genes, AG‐haESCs, after intracytoplasmic injection into oocytes, can also be used to produce alive semi‐cloned mice. Nevertheless, one major drawback associated with wild‐type AG‐haESCs is the very low birth rate of healthy semi‐cloned mice. Of interest, after inhibiting the expression of two paternally imprinted genes (H19 and Gtl2) in AG‐haESCs by removal of their differentially DNA methylated regions, double‐knockout AG‐haESCs can efficiently and stably support the generation of healthy semi‐cloned pups. Importantly, double‐knockout AG‐haESCs are feasible for multiple genetic manipulations, followed by efficient generation of semi‐cloned mice carrying multiple genetic traits; thus they could be used to validate candidate loci that have been identified in genome‐wide association studies of multigenic diseases by generation of mouse models carrying multiple alterations. Of note, by combining a CRISPR‐Cas9 library and double‐knockout AG‐haESCs, semi‐cloned mice carrying different mutant genes can be efficiently generated in one step, enabling functional mutagenic screening in mice. HaESCs, therefore, provide a powerful tool for genetic analyses in mammals at both the cellular and organismal levels.
Preadmission use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and short‐term mortality in diabetic patients hospitalized due to stroke
Authors: Würtz M. , Schmidt M. , Grove E. L. , Horváth‐Puhó E. , Christiansen C. F. , Sørensen H. T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundPatients with diabetes have an increased risk of stroke with a poor prognosis. Moreover, diabetic patients are at increased risk of depression and therefore likely to use selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). We examined whether preadmission SSRI use was associated with increased mortality in diabetic patients hospitalized due to stroke.MethodsPopulation‐based medical databases were used to identify all first‐time stroke‐related hospitalizations and subsequent mortality in diabetic patients in Denmark between 2004 and 2012 (n = 12 620). Based on redeemed prescriptions, SSRI use was categorized as current (new or long term), former or nonuse, and absolute 30‐day mortality and mortality rate ratios (MRRs) were computed using Cox regression controlling for confounding factors.ResultsAmongst SSRI nonusers, 30‐day stroke mortality was 15.8% (10.4% for ischaemic stroke, 41.8% for intracerebral haemorrhage and 27.3% for subarachnoid haemorrhage). Amongst current SSRI users, 30‐day stroke mortality was 23.3% (17.1% for ischaemic stroke, 50.7% for intracerebral haemorrhage and 28.6% for subarachnoid haemorrhage). Current SSRI use was associated with increased 30‐day stroke mortality compared with nonuse [adjusted MRR 1.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1–1.5], with the highest risk observed amongst new users (MRR 1.5, 95% CI 1.2–1.8). Overall stroke mortality was driven by increased mortality due to ischaemic stroke, with adjusted MRRs of 1.3 (95% CI 1.1–1.7) for current users and 1.7 (95% CI 1.2–2.4) for new users. Propensity score‐matched results were similar and robust across subgroups.ConclusionIn patients with diabetes, preadmission SSRI use was associated with increased mortality following ischaemic stroke, compared with nonuse.
Body mass index in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy: A cohort study
Authors: Pascoe Jessica , Thomason Pam , Graham H. Kerr , Reddihough Dinah , Sabin Matthew A 
Published: May 2016

AimChildren with cerebral palsy (CP) have reduced levels of physical activity compared with children without physical disability and experience risk factors for becoming overweight or obese. In the Australian CP population, there is little information available about the weight status of children with CP. The aims of this study were to compare the distribution of body mass index (BMI) in a cohort of ambulant children with CP with the BMI distribution of Australian children and explore the relationship between BMI and gross motor function.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of 587 children with CP Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I–III who attended a Gait Laboratory between July 1995 and January 2012 was carried out. The BMI and Z‐score were calculated at each assessment. Data were grouped into the categories of underweight, healthy, overweight and obese according to age‐specific and sex‐specific percentiles.ResultsThere were 348 boys and 240 girls with a mean age 11.2 (standard deviation 3.2) years. Mean BMI Z‐score was 0.11 (standard deviation 1.33). Seven percent of children were underweight, 73.6% healthy, 7.3% overweight and 12.1% obese. This was similar to the distribution of children without disability. The largest percentage of children in the healthy group were classified GMFCS I. The largest percentage of children in the obese group were classified GMFCS III.ConclusionsIn this cohort, 19.4% of ambulant children with CP were overweight or obese. This is of concern as BMI may impact on the outcomes of surgical intervention and rehabilitation. Further research is needed to determine the consequences of obesity for children with CP.