bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular screening of Leishmania spp. infection and bloodmeals in sandflies from a leishmaniasis focus in southwestern Turkey
Authors: KARAKU Ş M. , PEKAĞ IRBA Ş M. , DEMIR S. , EREN H. , TÖZ S. , ÖZBEL Y. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractLeishmaniasis is an arthropod‐borne disease that affects approximately 2 million people worldwide annually. The aims of this study were to detect the presence of Leishmania (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) DNA and the feeding preferences of probable vector species in an endemic focus of Leishmania infantum in Turkey. Entomological sampling was performed in August and October 2015 in Aydın province, where cases of human and canine leishmaniasis have been reported previously. A total of 1059 sandfly specimens comprising nine species belonging to two genera, Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia (both: Diptera: Psychodidae), and five subgenera of the Phlebotomus genus (Phlebotomus, Paraphlebotomus, Larroussius, Adlerius and Transphlebotomus) were collected in five villages. Among all Phlebotomus specimens, Phlebotomus neglectus (39%) was noted as the most abundant species, followed by Phlebotomus tobbi (18%). Leishmania DNA was detected in pools from P. neglectus, P. tobbi and Sergentomyia dentata by kDNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Leishmania DNA from Phlebotomus specimens was identified as L. infantum, but Leishmania DNA from Sergentomyia spp. could not be identified to species level by ITS‐1 real‐time PCR. The detection of Leishmania DNA in wild‐caught P. neglectus and the high percentage (24.2%) of human DNA in engorged specimens suggests that P. neglectus is probably an important vector species for L. infantum in Aydın province.
Comparison of serum concentrations between different dosing strategies of posaconazole delayed‐release tablet at a large academic medical centre
Authors: Welch Sarah , Pallotta Andrea , Weber Catherine , Siebenaller Caitlin , Cober Eric , Neuner Elizabeth 
Published: December 2016

SummaryIt is unclear if the prophylaxis dose of 300 mg/day is sufficient for achieving serum concentrations targeting the treatment of invasive fungal infections. To evaluate differences between PCZ serum concentrations in patients receiving the DRT vs the OS and in patients receiving higher doses than 300 mg/day of the DRT, a retrospective review was conducted on inpatients who received PCZ for either treatment or prophylaxis. Baseline demographics including comorbid conditions, indication and dose of therapy were collected. Serum trough concentrations were collected at steady state. Fifty‐seven patients received PCZ during the study period. A total of 35 levels were collected (DRT n = 18, OS n = 17). Patients receiving the DRT had levels >0.7 mcg/mL 100% of the time compared to 58.8% in those receiving the OS. No significant difference was seen in serum concentrations at 300 mg/day (n = 14) vs 400 mg/day (n = 8) of the DRT (1.55 mcg/mL (1.08‐2.50) vs 2.5 mcg/mL (1.85‐2.70), P = .19). The DRT leads to more consistent levels in the therapeutic range than the OS. Standard dosing of 300 mg/day with DRT achieves adequate concentrations for prophylaxis and treatment of IFIs, although further data are needed to determine optimal serum concentrations for treatment.
Tintelnotia, a new genus in Phaeosphaeriaceae harbouring agents of cornea and nail infections in humans
Authors: Ahmed S. A. , Hofmüller W. , Seibold M. , de Hoog G. S. , Harak H. , Tammer I. , van Diepeningen A. D. , Behrens‐Baumann W. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryPhaeosphaeriaceae is a family in the order Pleosporales containing numerous plant pathogens, endophytes, lichenised fungi, and environmental saprobes. A novel genus, Tintelnotia is introduced containing two species, one of which caused an eye infection and several nail infections in humans. All species of Tintelnotia produce conidia in soft pycnidia with a wide ostiole. The generic type species is T. opuntiae causing necrotic spots on cactus plants. The isolates of the human opportunist T. destructans showed variable susceptibility pattern to a panel of common antifungal agents. The MICs of amphotericin B, voriconazole, posaconazole and itraconazole were 1 μg/mL, complemented by an in vitro MEC of 16 μg/mL against caspofungin; the MIC of terbinafine was 0.125 μg/mL. The latter compound contributed to the successful therapy in the ocular mycosis refractory to standard antifungal therapy, the benefit of terbinafine should be highlighted as a therapeutic option especially in difficult‐to‐treat fungal keratitis.
Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome is characterized by altered functional brain connectivity of the insular cortex: A cross‐comparison with migraine and healthy adults
Authors: Ellingsen D.‐M. , Garcia R. G. , Lee J. , Lin R. L. , Kim J. , Thurler A. H. , Castel S. , Dimisko L. , Rosen B. R. , Hadjikhani N. , Kuo B. , Napadow V. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractCyclic Vomiting Syndrome (CVS) has been linked to episodic migraine, yet little is known about the precise brain‐based mechanisms underpinning CVS, and whether these associated conditions share similar pathophysiology. We investigated the functional integrity of salience (SLN) and sensorimotor (SMN) intrinsic connectivity networks in CVS, migraine and healthy controls using brain functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. CVS, relative to both migraine and controls, showed increased SLN connectivity to middle/posterior insula, a key brain region for nausea and viscerosensory processing. In contrast, this same region showed diminished SMN connectivity in both CVS and migraine. These results highlight both unique and potentially shared pathophysiology between these conditions, and suggest a potential target for therapeutics in future studies.
Persistent organic pollutants in adipose tissue should be considered in obesity research
Authors: Lee Y.‐M. , Kim K.‐S. , Jacobs D. R. , Lee D.‐H. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryAlthough low doses of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), strong lipophilic chemicals with long half‐lives, have been linked to various endocrine, immune, nervous and reproductive system diseases, few obesity studies have considered adipose tissue as an important POPs exposure source. Because the toxicodynamics of POPs relate directly to the dynamics of adiposity, POPs might explain puzzling findings in obesity research. In two people exposed to the same amounts of environmental POPs, the one having more adipose tissue may be advantaged because POPs storage in adipose tissue can reduce burden on other critical organs. Therefore, adipose tissue can play a protective role against the POPs effects. However, two situations increase the POPs release from adipose tissue into the circulation, thereby increasing the risk that they will reach critical organs: (i) weight loss and (ii) insulin resistance. In contrast, weight gain reduces this possibility. Therefore, avoiding harmful health effects of POPs may mostly contradict conventional judgments about obesity and weight change. These contradictory situations can explain the obesity paradox, the adverse effects of intensive intentional weight loss and the protective effects of obesity against dementia. Future studies should consider that adipose tissue is widely contaminated with POPs in modern society.
Percutaneous Sacroplasty for Painful Bone Metastases: A Case Report
Authors: Yoong Jaclyn , Chandra Ronil Vikesh , William Leeroy , Franco Michael , Goldschlager Tony , Runacres Fiona , Poon Peter 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe occurrence of bone metastases is common in patients with advanced cancer. The literature supports percutaneous vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty as minimally invasive procedures to relieve pain and improve quality of life for selected patients with disabling pain from pathological vertebral fractures secondary to bone metastases.CaseWe describe a case of a 71‐year‐old patient with castrate‐resistant metastatic prostate cancer who underwent sacroplasty for painful sacral metastases. The patient had previously been treated with maximally tolerated analgesics and anticancer therapies including systemic anticancer treatments and local radiotherapy. After sacroplasty, he experienced significant pain reduction and improvement in mobility and function.ConclusionThis case and recent literature demonstrate positive outcomes of sacroplasty in terms of pain reduction and improved mobility. Further research is warranted to establish the role of such minimally invasive percutaneous procedures for pain management in cancer patients.
A Computed Tomography‐Guided Demonstration of the Unilateral Distribution of Low‐Volume Epidural Injectate
Authors: Gungor Semih , Aiyer Rohit 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe primary objective of this case report was to demonstrate the unilateral distribution of the low volume injectate given in the epidural space when paramedian interlaminar approach is utilized under computed tomography guidance.MethodsThis was a case report on a single patient with history of unilateral epidural contrast distribution under fluoroscopy views, who presented with bilateral lumbar radicular symptoms, and underwent epidural injections via bilateral paramedian interlaminar approach under computed tomography guidance. Multiple‐level computed tomography scans were obtained for demonstration purposes.ResultsThere was primarily unilateral distribution of low–volume injectate in the epidural space when paramedian interlaminar approach is utilized.
Content Validity of the Credibility and Expectancy Questionnaire in a Pain Rehabilitation Setting
Authors: Mertens Vera‐Christina , Moser Albine , Verbunt Jeanine , Smeets Rob , Goossens Mariëlle 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundContent validity, the proper reflection of the concept to be measured, is yet unknown for the Credibility and Expectancy Questionnaire (CEQ). It is frequently used in pain rehabilitation because treatment expectancy is influential on the outcome.ObjectiveTo test and improve the content validity of the CEQ in a sample of patients with chronic pain in different phases of their treatment.MethodsA qualitative observational study design using the Three‐Step Test‐Interview method was used. Therein, data collection, analyses, and adaptations occur iteratively.ResultsSeventeen patients with chronic pain in different stages of treatment participated through convenience sampling from the mother sample of a randomized controlled trial. The main study parameter is content validity, which is defined as (1) interpretations and responses of the participants and (2) the identification of response problems operationalized, and resulting in changes in the CEQ. For patients waiting for treatment, the written instruction of the CEQ allowed different interpretations. After changing the instructions, the CEQ became an easy‐to‐understand and content‐valid questionnaire. For patients who had already undergone treatment, changes regarding time frame and recall period were necessary to overcome interpretation and response problems to the CEQ.DiscussionAfter small changes, the CEQ appeared to be a content‐valid measurement instrument for patients waiting for treatment. However, for patients who had already undergone treatment, the content validity of the CEQ was less, and considerable changes were necessary.
Faster (or slower) developers have a shorter (or longer) circadian period in Bactrocera cucurbitae
Authors: Miyatake Takahisa 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA clock controlling circadian rhythm may relate to another clock controlling development time. The relationship between the two clocks remains open to discussion. Genetic correlation between developmental and circadian periods is observed in two Dipteran species (Bactrocera cucurbitae and Drosophila melanogaster), whereas it is not observed in a Coleopteran species (Callosobruchus chinensis). No studies, however, are available that report on the phenotypic correlation between the two traits. In the present study, free‐running circadian periods are compared between individuals that develop fastest and slowest within a population of B. cucurbitae. The measurement of circadian periods is replicated using five populations of B. cucurbitae with different geographical and rearing histories. The results demonstrate that the flies developing more slowly have significantly longer circadian periods compared with the flies developing more quickly in two of five populations examined in B. cucurbitae, and thus the phenotypic correlation is dependent on population.
Clinical significance of pre‐transplant circulating CD3+CD4+CD161+ cell frequency on the occurrence of neutropenic infections after allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Kim Tae Woo , Lee Sung‐Eun , Lim Ji‐Young , Ryu Da‐Bin , Jeon Young‐Woo , Yoon Jae‐Ho , Cho Byung‐Sik , Eom Ki‐Seong , Kim Yoo‐Jin , Kim Hee‐Je , Lee Seok , Cho Seok‐Goo , Kim Dong‐Wook , Lee Jong Wook , Min Woo‐Sung , Min Chang‐Ki 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have been performed to identify factors that are associated with an increased risk of infections during the neutropenic period in patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo‐SCT). The aim of this study was to identify the host immune cells responsible for infections before engraftment.MethodsA total of 282 patients who underwent allo‐SCT were enrolled. Peripheral blood samples were collected before conditioning therapy. Expression of CD161‐expressing T cells, natural killer cells, and immature myeloid cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Microbially and clinically defined infections and fevers of unknown origin as proposed by the Immunocompromised Host Society were included in this study.ResultsThe median age was 45 years (range, 16‐68 years). Patients had various hematologic disorders and were transplanted from human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐matched siblings, unrelated donors, and familial HLA‐mismatched donors. In univariate analysis, younger age and a familial HLA‐mismatched donor were risk factors for the occurrence of infections. After adjusting for potential variables in univariate analysis, multivariate analyses revealed that a lower frequency of CD3+CD4+CD161+ cells was significantly associated with the occurrence of neutropenic infections. An age of 35 years or younger and allografting from familial HLA‐mismatched donors showed a trend toward higher infection rates.ConclusionOur data indicated that a lower frequency of CD3+CD4+CD161+ T cells in peripheral blood before conditioning therapy was associated with a higher incidence of infection during the neutropenic period. These results suggest that recipient innate T cells with expression of C‐type lectin CD161 can guard against infections before engraftment.
Ureteral stent duration and the risk of BK polyomavirus viremia or bacteriuria after kidney transplantation
Authors: Wingate Jonathan T. , Brandenberger Jared , Weiss Andrew , Scovel Lauren G. , Kuhr Christian S. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectivesUreteral stents are used in kidney transplantation (KTX) to decrease post‐operative complications, but they are associated with BK polyomavirus viremia (BKV). Our primary outcome was to determine the association between ureteral stent duration and BKV. Secondary outcome measures were the association between bacteriuria and stent duration or use of ureteral stent strings.MethodsBetween January 2010 and January 2015, 403 patients underwent KTX at the Virginia Mason Medical Center and met inclusion criteria. Stent duration was classified as short (<3 weeks) or long (>3 weeks). Multivariate logistic regression models were created to assess for factors associated with BKV. The covariates in the BKV model were chosen a priori based on stent duration and risk factors previously described in the literature.ResultsUreteral stents were placed in 304 (75.4%) transplants. Stent strings were left attached in 166 (54.6%) patients. On multivariate analyses, long stent duration was significantly associated with increased risk of BKV compared with no stent (odds ratio [OR] 1.92, P=.044, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04‐3.74). Short stent duration was not associated with BKV. Sixty‐two (15.4%) patients had bacteriuria. Bacteriuria was associated with female gender (OR 2.77, P<.001, 95% CI 1.58‐4.95), and there was a dose‐dependent effect with stent duration compared with no stent—short duration (OR 2.46, P=.049, 95% CI 1.05‐6.49) and long duration (OR 3.58, P=.004, 95% CI 1.58‐9.25). Stent strings were not associated with either complication.ConclusionsThe association between ureteral stents and BKV may be dose dependent.
The Indonesian approach to reduce maternal mortality
Authors: Soedarmono Y. S. M. 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundBlood transfusions are an important part of health care in Indonesia where the maternal mortality is 370. Haemorrhage (30·3%), hypertension (27·1%) and infection (7·3%) are the main causes of maternal mortality, with 78% of deaths occurring within 48 h after delivery. Unavailability of blood contributes to 9% of maternal deaths.AimsTo describe the national strategy for ensuring availability of safe blood as a means to reduce maternal mortality. The Ministry of Health Decree on collaboration between the Primary Health Centre (PHC) and Blood Centre (BC) on Blood Services was issued in 2015 to increase people's awareness in donating blood for every pregnant woman in the village. The PHC will do donor recruitment and selection, blood group and haemoglobin test, and physical check of the donor. Four eligible donors for every pregnant woman will be requested to donate blood at the BCs on 7–10 days before the childbirth time. The excess donated blood that is not used by intended pregnant woman will increase the availability of blood at the BC for other patients.ConclusionIndonesia has high maternal mortality that mostly due to haemorrhage. The unavailability of blood contributes to maternal mortality. Increasing people's awareness and willingness to donating blood voluntarily is expected to increase blood supply and improve management of postnatal haemorrhage.
Impact of Rabies Vaccination History on Attainment of an Adequate Antibody Titre Among Dogs Tested for International Travel Certification, Israel – 2010–2014
Authors: Yakobson B. , Taylor N. , Dveres N. , Rotblat S. , Spero Ż. , Lankau E. W. , Maki J. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryRabies is endemic in wildlife or domestic carnivore populations globally. Infection of domestic dogs is of particular concern in many areas. In regions where domestic animals are at risk of exposure to rabies virus, dogs should be routinely vaccinated against rabies to protect both pet and human populations. Many countries require demonstration of an adequate level of serum rabies neutralizing antibodies to permit entry of dogs during international travel. We analysed rabies titres of dogs seeking travel certification in Israel to assess demographic and vaccine history factors associated with antibody titres below the acceptable threshold for travel certification. Having received only one previous rabies vaccination and a longer duration since the most recent vaccination was received were primary risk factors for not achieving an adequate rabies virus neutralizing antibody titre for travel certification. These risk factors had stronger effects in younger animals, but were consistent for dogs of all ages. In particular, these findings reiterate the importance of administering at least two rabies vaccinations (the primo vaccination and subsequent booster) to ensure population‐level protection against rabies in dogs globally.
Cálculo de un índice de pérdidas por catástrofes desencadenante de los Insurance-linked securities, ILS. Revisión de los modelos precedentes y propuesta de un modelo continuo alternativo
Authors: Perez Fructuoso María José 
Published: December 2016

<p>Este artículo propone un modelo continuo para determinar el índice de pérdidas aseguradas desencadenante de los Insurance-Linked Securities, ILS. Para ello, se considera que la cuantía total de la catástrofe cubierta en la emisión, está formada por la suma de dos variables aleatorias, la cuantía declarada de siniestros y la cuantía de siniestros pendiente de declarar. La hipótesis central del modelo se basa en suponer un decrecimiento temporal de esta última cuantía, proporcional a una función exponencial, que denominamos tasa de declaración de siniestros asintótica. La dinámica de este decrecimiento la representamos a través de un movimiento browniano geométrico y la cuantía declarada de siniestros, numerador de la ratio de pérdidas que se quiere determinar, se obtiene por diferencia entre la cuantía de siniestros pendiente de declarar<br />y la cuantía total de la catástrofe.</p>
Legitimación del cónyuge sobreviviente y de los herederos con ocasión de los contratos de seguros de vida grupo deudores
Authors: Ramírez Gómez José Fernando 
Published: December 2016

<p>A partir de la concepción procesal del presupuesto de la legitimación se aborda el estudio, teniendo como referente la casuística de la jurisprudencia, de la concreta legitimación de los herederos y del cónyuge sobreviviente con ocasión de la ocurrencia del riesgo de muerte de un específico deudor en el contrato de seguro de vida tomado por una entidad financiera con el fin de cubrir frente al señalado riesgo el saldo insoluto de las obligaciones de un grupo de personas deudoras respecto de un mismo acreedor, que lo es la entidad financiera o banco tomador.</p>
Prohibición al asegurado de reconocer su responsabilidad y realizar acuerdos con terceros en el seguro de responsabilidad civil
Authors: Correa Valenzuela Gustavo Andrés 
Published: December 2016

<p>El estudio abarca genéricamente los deberes del asegurado como contexto del análisis de la prohibición al asegurado en el seguro de responsabilidad civil de no reconocer su responsabilidad ni efectuar acuerdos con terceros. Se estudia el régimen general de los distintos deberes del asegurado en la celebración y la ejecución del contrato de seguro, con mención especial al contrato de seguro de responsabilidad civil por ser en este en el que se contempla la prohibición.</p><p>Se analiza la forma en que los deberes del asegurado desarrollan principios rectores del contrato de seguro como la buena fe y el principio indemnizatorio, identificando así su naturaleza y su consecuencia jurídica. Se identifican tres distintas especies de deberes a cargo del asegurado en el contrato de seguro que se distinguen a partir del estado temporal del riesgo en el contrato de seguro, bien sea: i) al momento de transferirse al asegurador, ii) siendo asumido por parte del asegurador, y iii) habiéndose realizado estando a cargo del asegurador.</p><p>El riesgo es el elemento aleatorio del contrato de seguro que le da el carácter de ser de tracto sucesivo, de manera que el estado temporal del riesgo determina la conducta que deben asumir los intervinientes en el contrato de seguro durante su celebración y ejecución, analizándose puntualmente la conducta que debe asumir el asegurado por ser quien él para quien se establece la prohibición objeto de estudio.</p><p>En algunas legislaciones latinoamericanas se observan distintas consecuencias al incumplimiento de esta prohibición. A nivel nacional, es común la asignación de la consecuencia jurídica de pérdida del derecho a la indemnización como también se observa que se establece la prohibición sin contemplar consecuencia jurídica a su incumplimiento. Este estudio plantea que en nuestro ordenamiento esta consecuencia<br />se da como sanción a la mala fe en la reclamación y no es adecuada para el incumplimiento de la prohibición objeto de estudio.</p><p>Se analizan los efectos del incumplimiento del reconocimiento de responsabilidad por parte del asegurado y del acuerdo entre este y terceros, proponiendo la consecuencia que se considera jurídicamente adecuada en razón de la naturaleza de la prohibición al asegurado.</p>