bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CarbORev‐5901: The First Carborane‐Based Inhibitor of the 5‐Lipoxygenase Pathway
Authors: Kuhnert Robert , Sárosi Menyhárt‐Botond , George Sven , Lönnecke Peter , Hofmann Bettina , Steinhilber Dieter , Murganic Blagoje , Mijatovic Sanja , Maksimovic‐Ivanic Danijela , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe progression of cancer is accelerated by increased proliferation, angiogenesis, and inflammation. These processes are mediated by leukotrienes. Several cancer cell lines overexpress 5‐lipoxygenase, an enzyme that converts arachidonic acid into leukotrienes. An early inhibitor of the 5‐lipoxygenase pathway is Rev‐5901, which, however, lacks in in vivo efficacy, as it is rapidly metabolized. We investigated the introduction of carboranes as highly hydrophobic and metabolically stable pharmacophores into lipoxygenase inhibitors. Carboranes are icosahedral boron clusters that are remarkably stable and used to increase the metabolic stability of unstable pharmaceutics without changing their biological activity. By introduction of meta‐carborane into Rev‐5901, the first carborane‐based inhibitor of the 5‐lipoxygenase pathway was obtained. We report the synthesis and inhibitory and cytotoxic behavior of these compounds toward several melanoma and colon cancer cell lines and their related anticancer mechanisms.
Group of Quantum Bits Acting as a Bit Using a Single‐Domain Ferromagnet of Uniaxial Magnetic Ions
Authors: Gordon Elijah E. , Koo Hyun‐Joo , Deng Shuiquan , Köhler Jürgen , Whangbo Myung‐Hwan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractRead/write operations with individual quantum bits (i.e., qbits) are a challenging problem to solve in quantum computing. To alleviate this difficulty, we considered the possibility of using a group of qbits that act collectively as a bit (hereafter, a group bit or a gbit, in short). A promising candidate for a gbit is a single‐domain ferromagnet (SDF) independent of its size, which can be prepared as a magnet of well‐separated uniaxial magnetic ions (UMIs) at sites of no electric dipole moment with their uniaxial axes aligned along one common direction. When magnetized, the UMIs of such a magnet have a ferromagnetic (FM) arrangement and the resulting SDF becomes a gbit with its two opposite moment orientations representing the |0⟩ and |1⟩ states of a bit. We probed the requirements for such magnets and identified several 2H‐perovskites as materials satisfying these requirements.
White‐crowned sparrow males show immediate flexibility in song amplitude but not in song minimum frequency in response to changes in noise levels in the field
Authors: Derryberry Elizabeth P. , Gentry Katherine , Derryberry Graham E. , Phillips Jennifer N. , Danner Raymond M. , Danner Julie E. , Luther David A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe soundscape acts as a selective agent on organisms that use acoustic signals to communicate. A number of studies document variation in structure, amplitude, or timing of signal production in correspondence with environmental noise levels thus supporting the hypothesis that organisms are changing their signaling behaviors to avoid masking. The time scale at which organisms respond is of particular interest. Signal structure may evolve across generations through processes such as cultural or genetic transmission. Individuals may also change their behavior during development (ontogenetic change) or in real time (i.e., immediate flexibility). These are not mutually exclusive mechanisms, and all must be investigated to understand how organisms respond to selection pressures from the soundscape. Previous work on white‐crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys) found that males holding territories in louder areas tend to sing higher frequency songs and that both noise levels and song frequency have increased over time (30 years) in urban areas. These previous findings suggest that songs are changing across generations; however, it is not known if this species also exhibits immediate flexibility. Here, we conducted an exploratory, observational study to ask whether males change the minimum frequency of their song in response to immediate changes in noise levels. We also ask whether males sing louder, as increased minimum frequency may be physiologically linked to producing sound at higher amplitudes, in response to immediate changes in environmental noise. We found that territorial males adjust song amplitude but not minimum frequency in response to changes in environmental noise levels. Our results suggest that males do not show immediate flexibility in song minimum frequency, although experimental manipulations are needed to test this hypothesis further. Our work highlights the need to investigate multiple mechanisms of adaptive response to soundscapes.
Longitudinal Bi‐directional Effects of Disordered Eating, Depression and Anxiety
Authors: Puccio Francis , Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz Matthew , Youssef George , Mitchell Sarah , Byrne Michelle , Allen Nick , Krug Isabel 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aims to explore the potentially longitudinal bi‐directional effects of disordered eating (DE) symptoms with depression and anxiety.MethodParticipants were 189 (49.5% male) adolescents from Melbourne, Australia. DE, depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed at approximately 15, 16.5 and 18.5 years of age.ResultsAnalysis of longitudinal bi‐directional effects assessed via cross‐lagged models indicated that DE symptoms of eating and shape/weight concerns were risk factors for anxiety. Results also showed that depression was a risk factor for eating concerns.ConclusionOur findings provide preliminary evidence that preventative measures designed to target concerns about eating and shape/weight might be most efficacious in reducing the transmission of effects between symptoms of DE, depression and anxiety. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Aerobic exercise reduces hippocampal ERK and p38 activation and improves memory of middle‐aged rats
Authors: Cardoso Fabrízio dos Santos , França Erivelton Fernandes , Serra Fernando Tadeu , Victorino Angélica Begatti , de Almeida Alexandre Aparecido , Fernandes Jansen , Cabral Francisco Romero , Venancio Daniel Paulino , Arida Ricardo Mario , Gomes da Silva Sérgio 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAging is often accompanied by cognitive decline, memory impairment, and an increased susceptibility to neurodegenerative disorders. Although the physiological processes of aging are not fully understood, these age‐related changes have been interpreted by means of various cellular and molecular theories. Among these theories, alterations in the intracellular signaling pathways associated with cell growth, proliferation, and survival have been highlighted. Based on these observations and on recent evidence showing the beneficial effects of exercise on cognitive function in the elderly, we investigated the cell signaling pathways in the hippocampal formation of middle‐aged rats (18 months old) submitted to treadmill exercise over 10 days. To do this, we evaluated the hippocampal activation of intracellular signaling proteins linked to cell growth, proliferation, and survival, such as Akt, mTOR, p70S6K, ERK, CREB, and p38. We also explored the cognitive performance (inhibitory avoidance) of middle‐aged rats. It was found that physical exercise reduces ERK and p38 activation in the hippocampal formation of aged rats, when compared to the control group. The hippocampal activation and expression of Akt, mTOR, p70S6K, and CREB were not statistically different between the groups. It was also observed that aged rats from the exercise group exhibited better cognitive performance in the inhibitory avoidance task (aversive memory) than aged rats from the control group. Our results indicate that physical exercise reduces intracellular signaling pathways linked to inflammation and cell death (i.e., ERK and p38) and improves memory in middle‐aged rats.
Can mobile phone technology support a rapid sharing of information on novel psychoactive substances among health and other professionals internationally?
Authors: Simonato Pierluigi , Bersani Francesco S. , Santacroce Rita , Cinosi Eduardo , Schifano Fabrizio , Bersani Giuseppe , Martinotti Giovanni , Corazza Ornella 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe diffusion of novel psychoactive substances (NPSs), combined with the ability of the Internet to act as an online marketplace, has led to unprecedented challenges for governments, health agencies, and substance misuse services. Despite increasing research, there is a paucity of reliable information available to professionals working in the field. The paper will present the pilot results of the first mobile application (SMAIL) for rapid information sharing on NPSs among health professionals.MethodsThe development of SMAIL was divided into 2 parts: (a) the creation of the application for registered users, enabling them to send an SMS or email with the name or “street name” of an NPS and receive within seconds emails or SMS with the information, when available and (b) the development of a database to support the incoming requests.ResultsOne hundred twenty‐two professionals based in 22 countries used the service over the pilot period of 16 months (from May 2012 to September 2013). Five hundred fifty‐seven enquires were made. Users received rapid information on NPSs, and 61% of them rated the service as excellent.ConclusionsThis is the right time to use mobile phone technologies for rapid information sharing and prevention activities on NPSs.
Assessing groundwater availability of the Maldives under future climate conditions
Authors: Deng Chenda , Bailey Ryan T. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractGroundwater resources of the Republic of the Maldives are threatened by a variety of factors including variable future rainfall patterns, continued population growth and associated pumping demands, rising sea level, and contamination from the land surface. This study assesses changes in groundwater availability due to variable rainfall patterns and sea level rise (SLR) in the coming decades, a key component of water resources management for the country. Using a suite of two‐dimensional density‐dependent groundwater flow models, time‐dependent thickness of the freshwater lens is simulated for a range of island sizes (200 to 1,100 m) during the time period of 2011 to 2050, with recharge to the freshwater lens calculated using rainfall patterns provided by general circulation models for the three distinct geographic regions of the Maldives. The effect of SLR on the freshwater lens is quantified using estimates of shoreline recession and associated decreases in island width. If rainfall is solely considered, groundwater availability is projected to increase, as lens thickness during the 2031–2050 time periods is slightly greater (1–5%) than during the 2011–2030 time period. However, including the impact of SLR indicates an overall decrease in lens thickness, with drastic decreases (60% to 100%) projected for small islands (200 m) and moderate decreases (12% to 14%) expected for 400 m islands, which accommodate one third of the national population. Similar methodologies can be used for other atoll island nations, such as the Republic of Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, and the Republic of Kiribati. For the Maldives, results from this study can be used in conjunction with population growth estimates to determine the feasibility of including groundwater in water resources planning and management for the country.
Tumor Necrosis Factor‐Alpha: Role in Development of Insulin Resistance and Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Akash Muhammad Sajid Hamid , Rehman Kanwal , Liaqat Aamira 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTPathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and development of insulin resistance are characterized by multi‐stimuli factors notably glucolipotoxicity, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), epigenetic factors, activation of various transcriptional mediated pathways along with the augmented levels of various pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Among the various pro‐inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) is one the most important pro‐inflammatory mediator that is critically involved in the development of insulin resistance and pathogenesis of T2DM. TNF‐α is mainly produced in adipocytes and/or peripheral tissues, and induces tissue‐specific inflammation through the involvement of generation of ROS and activation of various transcriptional mediated pathways. The raised level of TNF‐α induces insulin resistance in adipocytes and peripheral tissues by impairing the insulin signaling through serine phosphorylation that leads to the development of T2DM. Anti‐TNF‐α treatment strategies have been developed to reduce the incidence of insulin resistance and development of T2DM. In this article, we have briefly described how TNF‐α plays crucial role to induce insulin resistance and pathogenesis of T2DM. To block the inflammatory responses by blocking TNF‐α and TNF‐α signaling may be an effective strategy for the treatment of insulin resistance and T2DM. J. Cell. Biochem. 119: 105–110, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Claviform aspergillus‐related vegetation in the left ventricle of a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Yamamoto Tetsushi , Kasagi Shimpei , Kurimoto Chiyo , Imanishi Takamitsu , Hayashi Nobuhide , Morinobu Akio , Saegusa Jun 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTA 38‐year‐old woman was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus and received immunosuppressive therapy. After 6 months of treatment, workup for low‐grade fever yielded elevated enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay titers for Aspergillus antigen in serum and ascites, leading to the diagnosis of disseminated aspergillosis. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a claviform vegetation attached to the left ventricular anterior septum. Two days after the start of antifungal Amphotericin‐B therapy, the patient suffered from several neurologic disorders. A second transthoracic echocardiography revealed that the vegetation decreased in size. Two weeks later, the vegetation increased again. Combination therapy of Amphotericin‐B and Voriconazole was initiated, and the vegetation eventually disappeared completely. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 46:231–232, 2018
The lungs of Polypterus senegalus and Erpetoichthys calabaricus: Insights into the structure and functional distribution of the pulmonary epithelial cells
Authors: Icardo José M. , Colvee Elvira , Kuciel Michal , Lauriano Eugenia R. , Zaccone Giacomo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe present article is a comparative, structural study of the lung of Polypterus senegalus and Erpetoichthys calabaricus, two species representative of the two genera that constitute the Polypteriformes. The lung of the two species is an asymmetric, bi‐lobed organ that arises from a slit‐like opening in the ventral side of the pharynx. The wall is organized into layers, being thicker in P. senegalus. The inner epithelium contains ciliated and non‐ciliated bands. The latter constitute the respiratory surface and are wider in E. calabaricus. The air‐blood barrier is thin and uniform in P. senegalus and thicker and irregular in E. calabaricus. In the two species, the ciliated areas contain ciliated cells, mucous cells and cells with lamellar bodies. Additionally, P. senegalus contains polymorphous granular cells (PGCs) and neuroendocrine cells (NECs) while E. calabaricus lacks PGCs but shows granular leukocytes and a different type of NEC. Interestingly, ciliated cells and secretory cells show a dual morphology in E. calabaricus indicating the presence of cellular subtypes and suggesting more complex secretory activity. Also in E. calabaricus, cilia show a novel doublet‐membrane interaction that may control the displacement of the microtubule doublets. The subepithelium is a connective layer that appears thicker in P. senegalus and contains, in the two species, fibroblasts and granulocytes. The outer layer contains bundles of richly innervated striated muscle. This layer is likely involved in the control of lung motion. In the two species, smooth muscle cells constitute a limiting layer between the subepithelium and the striated muscle compartment. The role of this layer is unclear.
A symbolic program for parameter identifiability analysis in systems modeled via equivalent linear time‐invariant electrical circuits, with application to electromagnetic harvesters
Authors: Fontana Giuseppe , Grasso Francesco , Luchetta Antonio , Manetti Stefano , Piccirilli Maria Cristina , Reatti Alberto 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAccurate parameter identification is a patently crucial aspect of system modeling as far as analysis, design, control, maintenance, and fault diagnosis are concerned. In this respect, an essential prerequisite is to establish a priori the solvability degree of the parameter identification problem, which is accomplished by means of testability analysis. The aim of this work is to present a program suitable for fully automated testability analysis of any physical system that can be modeled by an equivalent analog linear time‐invariant electrical circuit. Such a program has been obtained by combining the potentialities of symbolic techniques with the disclosures of a recently proposed theoretical approach to the testability measure concept, able to circumvent the main shortcomings of early methods. An efficient program, characterized by better performances with respect to previous software packages, has been thereby developed, which is herein described from both an algorithmic and a functional viewpoint. It can be advantageously used by the workers interested in system modeling as a guide to devising or refining their own parameter identification strategies. Thoroughly discussed examples of application are also given, which include a complete testability analysis and a novel parameter identification algorithm for electromagnetic harvesters.
A hiatus in the tropopause layer change
Authors: Xian Tao , Fu Yunfei 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTDespite continually increasing concentrations of greenhouse gas, there has been a hiatus in rising global temperatures during the 21st century. In this study, changes in the tropopause layer (TL) thickness are studied during the pre‐hiatus and the hiatus periods, based on radiosonde data from the Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive. Statistically significant thickening occurs in the Northern (Southern) Hemisphere extratropics, at 35 ± 15.6 (59.0 ± 27.6) m decade−1, and the Northern (Southern) Hemisphere high latitudes, at 104.8 ± 21.7 (132.6 ± 97.4) m decade−1, but not in the tropics during the pre‐hiatus period (1960–1997). For the hiatus period (2002–2013), significant thickening of the TL occurs only in the Southern Hemisphere extratropics (133 ± 98 m decade−1). Moreover, this study captures distinct regional characteristics in the hiatus of the TL thickening, including thinning over Alaska, Hawaii, the Western Plateau of North America, and Northern Australia.
Space‐time variability of extreme rainfall in the River Nile basin
Authors: Onyutha Charles , Willems Patrick 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTIn this study, spatio‐temporal variability in daily rainfall extremes based on 0.5° × 0.5° gridded data over the Nile basin was analysed using the quantile perturbation method. The co‐occurrence of the extreme rainfall variability with the variation in the large‐scale ocean–atmosphere conditions was also investigated. Based on a 15‐year moving window, it was found that the extreme rainfall shows oscillatory behaviour over multi‐decadal time scales. The latitudinal difference in the multi‐decadal extreme rainfall oscillations divides the study area into the Northern, Central, and Southern regions. The variability in the extreme rainfall of the Central region is dominantly driven by the variation in the sea surface temperatures of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. For the Southern region, extreme rainfall variability is linked to the anomalies in the sea level pressure of the North Atlantic Ocean and the variation in the sea surface temperature of the Indian Ocean. The variation in the extreme rainfall of the Northern region corresponds to the anomalies in sea surface temperatures of the Indian and Atlantic Oceans as well as from the Pacific Ocean.
Long‐time variations of precipitable water vapour estimated from GPS, MODIS and radiosonde observations in Turkey
Authors: Gurbuz Gokhan , Jin Shuanggen 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTWater vapour and its variations in the Earth's atmosphere are related to atmospheric activities and climate changes. However, it is difficult to obtain high‐resolution and high‐accuracy precipitable water vapour (PWV) and its variations using traditional techniques, particularly in Turkey with the complex weather variability caused by the proximity of the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. Satellite observations provide unique ways to observe PWV variations at regional or global scale, e.g. global positioning system (GPS). In this study, long‐time PWV variations and trends are investigated and obtained from 6‐year continuous GPS observations in Turkey (January 2010–January 2016), which are compared with nearly co‐located radiosonde and moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) observations to check its accuracy. The root mean square error (RMSE) of PWV differences is about 1–3 mm between radiosonde and GPS, and 3–7 mm between MODIS and GPS. Furthermore, the linear trend and seasonal amplitudes, and phase of the GPS‐estimated PWV signals are computed. Statistically significant trends are found at all stations. While stations near the Mediterranean Sea have increasing trends with about 0.30 mm year−1, the stations at inland have increasing trends of about 0.10 mm year−1. The annual phases between radiosonde, GPS and MODIS PWV at all the stations are almost close to each other with differences in 1°–2°. Finally, the relation between north Atlantic oscillation (NAO) and PWV trends is investigated. Results show that PWV trends agree with NAO behaviours especially for the stations near the Mediterranean Sea. The recent human activities may have impacts on long‐term PWV variation trends.
C and N stocks are not impacted by land use change from Brazilian Savanna (Cerrado) to agriculture despite changes in soil fertility and microbial abundances
Authors: Lammel Daniel Renato , Butterbach-Bahl Klaus , Cerri Carlos Eduardo P. , Louis Sandrine , Schnitzler Jörg-Peter , Feigl Brigitte Josefine , Cerri Carlos Clemente 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCentral Brazil is the region with the most dynamic agriculture expansion worldwide, where tropical forests and Cerrado (Brazilian savanna) are converted to pastures and crop fields. Following deforestation, agricultural practices, such as fertilization, tillage and crop rotations, alter soil parameters and affect microbial abundances and the C and N cycles. The objective of this study was to compare changes in soil fertility, stocks of soil C and N, microbial biomass, and abundance of bacteria, fungi and archaea in Cerrado soils following land use change to crops (soybean/corn/cotton) and pasture (the perennial forage grassBrachiaria brizanthaA. Rich.). Agriculture increased soil fertility and conserved soil C and N since their absolute concentration values were highest in agriculture soils and the C and N stocks adjusted by soil density were similar to the native vegetation soils. At the same time, agriculture changed the microbial abundances (decrease of microbial biomass C and N, increase of archaea, and reduction of bacteria and fungi at the crop sites), and N dynamics (increase of soil ammonium and nitrate concentrations). Even if these changes can be beneficial for food and agricultural commodities production, all these soil alterations should be further investigated due to their possible unknown effects on biosphere–hydrosphere–atmosphere exchange processes such as greenhouse gases emissions and nitrate leaching.