bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and the polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review
Authors: Reis Guilherme Victor Oliveira Pimenta dos , Gontijo Natália Alves , Rodrigues Kathryna Fontana , Alves Michelle Teodoro , Ferreira Cláudia Natália , Gomes Karina Braga 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most frequent endocrinological disorder that affects women of reproductive age, leading to metabolic alterations, such as hyperandrogenism, obesity, menstrual irregularities, insulin resistance, and polycystic ovaries. The etiology remains unclear, but several genetic and environmental factors have been correlated with manifestations of this syndrome. Vitamin D plays important roles in metabolic pathways affected by PCOS, including calcium homeostasis, the insulin pathway, and sex hormone synthesis. Vitamin D concentration has been related with the severity of this disorder, and vitamin D receptor polymorphisms have been shown in some studies to have an association with some of the patterns presented by PCOS. The objective of this study is to provide an up‐to‐date review about vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and their association with PCOS.
Outcomes of uterine cervical cancer patients with pelvic lymph node metastases after radiotherapy without boost irradiation of metastases
Authors: Yoshizawa Eriko , Koiwai Keiichiro , Ina Hironobu , Fukazawa Ayumu , Sakai Katsuya , Ozawa Takesumi , Matsushita Hirohide , Kadoya Masumi 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of uterine cervical cancer patients with pelvic lymph node (PLN) metastases after radiotherapy without boost irradiation of the metastases and to clarify the necessity of the boost irradiation of metastatic lesions.MethodsThirty‐two patients with uterine cervical cancer metastasizing only to the PLN were treated with definitive radiotherapy without boost irradiation of the metastases between 2008 and 2012 at our institution and were selected for this study. The pattern of progression, overall survival, and progression‐free survival were analyzed.ResultsNinety percent of the PLN metastases were controlled by radiotherapy. Twenty‐two of 32 patients (69%) experienced progression. Distant metastases as initial progression were observed in 21 of these 22 patients (95%). Only two patients experienced failures in pre‐treatment metastatic PLN as initial progression, along with other failures. Severe late lower gastrointestinal toxicities were not observed in any patients. Two‐year cumulative overall survival and progression‐free survival were 74% and 31%, respectively.ConclusionBoost irradiation of PLN metastases is not necessarily indispensable. Further studies to examine the necessity of boost irradiation of PLN metastases in radiotherapy for uterine cervical cancer patients with metastases are required.
Decidual arteriolopathy with or without associated hypertension modifies the underlying histomorphology in placentas from diabetic mothers
Authors: Stanek Jerzy 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to retrospectively document the impact of hypertensive conditions in pregnancy and decidual arteriolopathy on the patterns of placental injury in maternal diabetes mellitus (MDM).MethodsAmong all 5248 > 20 weeks’ placentas, the frequencies of 19 selected clinical and 24 placental phenotypes were compared between 287 MDM placentas and 4961 remaining placentas (control group [CG]) before and after further exclusion of 85 and 611 patients with hypertensive conditions (gestational hypertension, pre‐eclampsia, chronic hypertension).ResultsCesarean section rate, heavy placentas, decidual arteriolopathy, microscopic chorionic pseudocysts, and chorangiosis were more common in MDM than in the CG both before and after exclusion of hypertensive conditions. The frequencies of preuterine patterns of chronic hypoxic placental injury and plasma cell deciduitis became statistically significant only after exclusion of hypertensive conditions.ConclusionHypertensive conditions of pregnancy may obscure the underlying preuterine placental hypoxic pattern in MDM placentas. Even in normotensive patients, decidual arteriolopathy, and shallow placental implantation significantly impact placental histomorphology in MDM.
Accounts of bullying on Twitter in relation to dentofacial features and orthodontic treatment
Authors: Chan A. , Antoun J. S. , Morgaine K. C. , Farella M. 
Published: January 2017

SummarySocial media offers an accessible resource for gaining valuable insights into the social culture of bullying. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively analyse Twitter posts for common themes relating to dentofacial features, braces and bullying. Twitter's database was searched from 2010 to 2014 using keywords relevant to bullying, teeth and orthodontics. Two investigators assessed the Twitter posts, and selected those that conveyed the experiences or opinions of bullying victims. The posts were qualitatively analysed using thematic analysis. Of the 548 posts screened, 321 were included in the final sample. Four primary categories relating to ‘dental‐related bullying’ were identified: (i) morphological features, (ii) psychological and psychosocial impact, (iii) coping mechanisms and (iv) the role of family. Bullied individuals reported a diverse range of psychological impacts and coping mechanisms. Secondary categories were also identified. Family members, for example, were found to play both a contributory and mediatory role in bullying. In summary, social media can provide new and valuable information about the causal factors and social issues associated with oral health‐related bullying. Importantly, some coping mechanisms may mitigate the negative effects of bullying.
Role of moesin, Src, and ROS in advanced glycation end product‐induced vascular endothelial dysfunction
Authors: Zhang Wei‐jin , Li Pei‐xin , Guo Xiao‐hua , Huang Qiao‐bing 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe disruption of endothelial integrity and the occurrence of angiogenesis in response to AGEs contribute greatly to micro‐ and macrovascular complications associated with DM. Among human dermal, brain, and retinal vascular ECs, activation of ERM, moesin, by phosphorylation of Thr‐558 is involved in AGE‐induced hyperpermeability and angiogenesis via the Rho and ROCK (Rho/ROCK) and p38 pathways. Src also plays an important role in AGE‐induced endothelial barrier dysfunction by phosphorylating moesin, VE‐cadherin, and FAK. Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated that ROS serve as a key mediator of the AGE‐induced endothelial response. ROS inhibition would greatly benefit ECs. This review focuses on the role of moesin in microvascular permeability and angiogenesis, and on the involvement of Src and ROS in endothelial barrier disruption.
Conserved cysteine residues determine substrate specificity in a novel As(III) S‐adenosylmethionine methyltransferase from Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Chen Jian , Li Jiaojiao , Jiang Xuan , Rosen Barry P. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryMethylation of inorganic arsenic is a central process in the organoarsenical biogeochemical cycle. Members of every kingdom have ArsM As(III) S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM) methyltransferases that methylates inorganic As(III) into mono‐ (MAs(III)), di‐ (DMAs(III)) and tri‐ (TMAs(III)) methylarsenicals. Every characterized ArsM to date has four conserved cysteine residues. All four cysteines are required for methylation of As(III) to MAs(III), but methylation of MAs(III) to DMAs(III) requires only the two cysteines closest to the C‐terminus. Fungi produce volatile and toxic arsines, but the physiological roles of arsenic methylation and the biochemical basis is unknown. Here they demonstrate that most fungal species have ArsM orthologs with only three conserved cysteine residues. The genome of Aspergillus fumigatus has four arsM genes encoding ArsMs with only the second, third and fourth conserved cysteine residues. AfArsM1 methylates MAs(III) but not As(III). Heterologous expression of AfarsM1 in an Escherichia coli conferred resistance to MAs(III) but not As(III). The existence of ArsMs with only three conserved cysteine residues suggest that the ability to methylate MAs(III) may be an evolutionary step toward enzymes capable of methylating As(III), the result of a loss of function mutation in organisms with infrequent exposure to inorganic As(III) or as a resistance mechanism for MAs(III).
Perturbation of manganese metabolism disrupts cell division in Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Martin Julia E. , Lisher John P. , Winkler Malcolm E. , Giedroc David P. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryManganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient and required cofactor in bacteria. Despite its importance, excess Mn can impair bacterial growth, the mechanism of which remains largely unexplored. Here, we show that proper Mn homeostasis is critical for cellular growth of the major human respiratory pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. Perturbations in Mn homeostasis genes, psaBCA, encoding the Mn importer, and mntE, encoding the Mn exporter, lead to Mn sensitivity during aerobiosis. Mn‐stressed cells accumulate iron and copper, in addition to Mn. Impaired growth is a direct result of Mn toxicity and does not result from iron‐mediated Fenton chemistry, since cells remain sensitive to Mn during anaerobiosis or when hydrogen peroxide biogenesis is significantly reduced. Mn‐stressed cells are significantly elongated, whereas Mn‐limitation imposed by zinc addition leads to cell shortening. We show that Mn accumulation promotes aberrant dephosphorylation of cell division proteins via hyperactivation of the Mn‐dependent protein phosphatase PhpP, a key enzyme involved in the regulation of cell division. We discuss a mechanism by which cellular Mn:Zn ratios dictate PhpP specific activity thereby regulating pneumococcal cell division. We propose that Mn‐metalloenzymes are particularly susceptible to hyperactivation or mismetallation, suggesting the need for exquisite cellular control of Mn‐dependent metabolic processes.
A long‐term study of burning effects on a plant pathogen in tallgrass prairie
Authors: Dendy S. P. , Tong B. , Alexander H. M. , Fay P. A. , Murray L. , Xing Y. , Garrett K. A. 
Published: January 2017

Tallgrass prairie species have evolved with regular exposure to fire. However, burning has been used as a management tool for reducing plant disease in agricultural systems, posing the question of how plant pathogens of tallgrass prairie would be affected by burning. The rust fungusPuccinia dioicae, infectingErigeron strigosus(Asteraceae), was studied for 8 years in long‐term experiments to evaluate the effects of burning in native tallgrass prairie. This experiment also allowed evaluation of the effects of nutrient additions, althoughE. strigosuswas rare in the plots with added nutrients in most years. Burning reduced rust severity in most years, but effects from additions of nutrients were rarely observed. There was high interannual variation in rust severity within a location, suggesting that weather may be the most important of these three abiotic factors in determining infection. An analysis of weather variables associated with disease severity found that solar radiation in the month prior to sampling was associated with severity in unburned plots; temperature approximately 2 months prior to sampling was also associated with severity in burned plots. High interannual variation also suggests that the effects of this pathogen on its host would be sporadic and difficult to study in short‐term experiments.
Bright light therapy for sleep disturbance in dementia is most effective for mild to moderate Alzheimer's type dementia: a case series
Authors: Sekiguchi Hirotaka , Iritani Shuji , Fujita Kiyoshi 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundSleep problems in people with dementia are common and place a high burden on caregivers. Although hypnotic agents are often used to treat sleep disturbances, their use is associated with a considerable number of high‐risk side‐effects such as daytime sleepiness, amnesia, and an increased frequency of falling. The administration of bright light therapy (BLT) in the morning was a non‐pharmacological remedy that was expected to treat sleep disorders in patients with dementia by entraining the circadian rhythm to ameliorate disturbances to the normal sleep–wake cycle. However, there are some unsolved issues related to the application of BLT, including the types of dementia for which it is effective and its efficacy in the different stages of cognitive decline and dementia. Furthermore, a protocol for effective BLT has not yet been proposed.MethodsIn this study, we explored the efficacy of BLT in the treatment of 17 participants, including those with Alzheimer's type dementia (AD) (n = 8), vascular dementia (n = 4), and dementia with Lewy bodies (n = 5). Patients sat in front of the light box for 1 h/day from 0900 to 1000. The patients underwent treatment every day for 2 weeks.Results
BLT led to the improvement of sleep disturbance in four participants, all of whom were AD patients. The four AD patients showed a shorter duration of illness and/or had mild to moderate AD.Conclusion
BLT could be an effective strategy for treating dementia patients, depending on their type and grade of their dementia. To confirm this hypothesis, it would be necessary to study a larger number of cases. Non‐pharmacological therapies for sleep disorders should be emphasized as a safe form of treatment for patients with dementia.
P300 amplitude at Pz and N200/N300 latency at F3 differ between participants simulating suspect versus witness roles in a mock crime
Authors: Rosenfeld J. Peter , Ozsan Ilayda , Ward Anne C. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBased on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) study by klein Selle, Verschuere, Kindt, Meijer, & Ben Shakhar (2016), 15 participants pretended to perform a crime shown on a video, which 16 other participants pretended to witness. Both groups then experienced a P300‐based Concealed Information Test (CIT) protocol called the complex trial protocol. Both groups showed CIT effects, with a larger probe than irrelevant P300s at Pz. However, this effect was significantly larger in the suspect group. In contrast, only the suspect group showed delayed N200/N300 responses at F3—putative inhibitory signs. This supports the klein Selle et al. (2016) ANS study in that the suspect versus witness role‐playing manipulation differentially affected inhibitory (vs. orienting) aspects of the CIT situation. Our results are also consistent with Ambach, Stark, Peper, & Vaitl (2008), who saw the same autonomic response fractionation as klein Selle et al., but using Furedy's differentiation of deception method (Furedy, Davis, & Gurevich, 1988). These similarities are discussed.
Participation of TLR2 and TLR4 in Cytokines Production by Patients with Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Chronic Chagas Disease
Authors: Mendes da Silva L. D. , Gatto M. , Miziara de Abreu Teodoro M. , de Assis Golim M. , Pelisson Nunes da Costa É. A. , Capel Tavares Carvalho F. , Ramos Rodrigues D. , Câmara Marques Pereira P. , Victoriano de Campos Soares Â. M. , Calvi S. A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractChagas disease (CD), caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is a serious public health issue. Its evolution involves an acute stage, characterized by no specific symptoms, and the chronic stage during most individuals are asymptomatic, but about 30–40% of them become symptomatic presenting the cardiac or digestive disease. Host immune response mechanisms involved in symptomatic or asymptomatic chronic disease are not fully understood. The pro‐inflammatory cytokines are crucial in host resistance. However, a fine control of this inflammatory process, by action of anti‐inflammatory cytokines, is necessary to avoid tissue injury. This control was found to be responsible for no clinical manifestations in asymptomatic individuals. Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are extremely important in defining the cytokine profile released in response to a micro‐organism. We found that patients with the cardiac form predominantly released the pro‐inflammatory cytokines: IFN‐γ, TNF‐α and IL‐17 with the involvement of both, TLR2 and TLR4. In contrast, patients with asymptomatic disease release predominantly the anti‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐10 and TGF‐β, but also with TLR2 and TLR4 participation. The mechanisms by which stimulation of the same TLRs results in release of different pattern of cytokines, depending on the patients group that is being evaluated, are discussed.
Lack of Fc Gamma Receptor IIIA Promotes Rather than Suppresses Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses after Mucosal or Parenteral Immunization with Antigen and Adjuvants
Authors: Sun J.‐B. , Holmgren J. , Cragg M. S. , Xiang Z. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe Fcγ receptor IIIA (FcγRIIIA) has traditionally been known as a positive regulator of immune responses. Consistent with this, mice deficient in FcγRIIIA are protected from various inflammation‐associated pathologies including several autoimmune diseases. In contrast to this accepted dogma, we show here that mice lacking FcγRIIIA developed increased rather than reduced both humoral and cellular immune responses to mucosal (sublingual) immunization with ovalbumin (OVA) given together with the strong mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin as well as to parenteral (subcutaneous) immunization with OVA in complete Freund's adjuvant. After either route of immunization, in comparison with concomitantly immunized wild‐type mice, FcγRIIIA−/− mice had increased serum anti‐OVA IgG (IgG1 but not IgG2) antibody responses as well as augmented cellular responses that included memory B cells and effector T cells. The increments in immune responses in FcγRIIIA−/− mice were similar to those seen in FcγRIIB−/− mice. Furthermore, OVA‐pulsed FcγRIIIA−/− DCs, similar to OVA‐specific FcγRIIB−/− DCs, had enhanced capacity to activate OVA‐specific OT‐II T cells, which was even further pronounced when DCs were pulsed with IgG1‐complexed OVA. Our data support an inhibitory–regulatory role of FcγRIIIA on vaccine/adjuvant‐induced immune responses and demonstrate that lack of FcγRIIIA can promote rather than suppress both humoral and cellular immune responses.
Una perspectiva antropológica de las organizaciones desde la caracterización sociocultural, administración y contabilidad social. Caso institución de educación superior
Authors: Cely-López Carmen Luz , Gómez-Niño Ofelia 
Published: January 2017

<p>Este estudio se enfocó en<strong> </strong>identificar desde la antropología cultural las relaciones culturales e interculturales y socioeducativas que se establecen en las organizaciones y su incidencia en el clima laboral para el logro de los propósitos misionales, desde la perspectiva de la administración y la contabilidad social. Se estudió una institución de educación superior, perteneciente al sector de la economía solidaria; el alcance fue el conocimiento del tejido social de las organizaciones para mostrar cómo desde la comprensión de las relaciones y los significados que se establecen en la organización pueden llegar a mayor productividad. Los indicadores cualitativos permiten evaluar ventajas comparativas de la gestión del talento humano en función del conocimiento, los aprendizajes y el compromiso con los propósitos misionales u organizacionales. Los instrumentos para recolección de información fueron entrevistas semiestructuradas, grupos focales y observación participante. Las categorías emergentes son relaciones laborales, cultura e interculturalidad, aspectos socioeducativos y adaptación. </p>
Criar paisajes vivos, una manera de aprehender y (re) pensar la ciudad
Authors: Borja Karina 
Published: January 2017

<p>Los paisajes vivos propuestos desde la interculturalidad implican una manera de revitalizar los principios del pensamiento andino para comprender y aprehender la compleja realidad de una ciudad como Quito, donde perviven rezagos de culturas ancestrales. La idea es recuperar la emoción estética de un lugar—en este caso del barrio San Isidro de El Inca—; generar un continuo aprendizaje vivencial; y revalorar los ritos, mitos y celebraciones, con el fin de criar paisajes sanos. Esto conlleva un reconocimiento explícito de la multidimensionalidad (sociopolítica, económica, cultural y espacial) de un barrio o una ciudad con relación a su territorio. Se busca cuestionar la forma de hacer ciudades para construir plataformas que susciten diálogos y discusiones políticas.</p>
Entre la consolidación y la latencia: Gentrificación en barrios centrales de Santiago
Authors: Contreras Yasna , Venegas Vladimir 
Published: January 2017

<p>Se confrontan aquí las transformaciones residenciales y comerciales de dos calles ancladas en barrios históricos dentro de la ciudad de Santiago en Chile. Se postula la tesis de la consolidación y la latencia de la gentrificación a partir de dos casos de estudios. Las temporalidades y espacialidades del proceso se explican por la acción de promotores inmobiliarios o pioneros particulares, pero también por la omnipresencia o ausencia de los gobiernos locales. La calle Concha y Toro responde a una gentrificación clásica discontinua, expresiva de un mosaico socioespacial donde se superponen diferentes procesos y actores. En cambio, la gentrificación de la calle Italia se encuentra entre una segunda a cuarta oleada y se explica por las acciones del gobierno local promoviendo así, espacios fetiche.</p>
Reconocimiento de la biodiversidad urbana para la planeación en contextos de crecimiento informal
Authors: Montoya Juliana 
Published: January 2017

<p>Vivimos en un mundo cada vez más urbano que ejerce una presión sin precedentes sobre los ecosistemas. Este panorama presenta un desafío urgente en cuanto a la conservación de la biodiversidad y de muchos servicios de los ecosistemas de los que la sociedad depende. Desafortunadamente, la importancia de la biodiversidad y los beneficios que obtenemos no representan una preocupación inmediata para los aproximadamente 900 millones de personas que viven en barrios marginales, sin servicios básicos, en viviendas precarias y en condiciones de vida insalubres. Esta revisión intenta dar respuesta a cómo integrar la biodiversidad urbana a los asentamientos precarios por medio del análisis comparativo de ciudades, el estudio de criterios y herramientas de planeación, y propuestas de acciones locales para la biodiversidad en contextos informales. Estas acciones están compuestas por un kit de herramientas que presenta la convergencia territorial y social a través de referentes exitosos de cómo integrar el desafío que constituye la pobreza y la degradación de nuestros ecosistemas.</p>