bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Equivalence analysis of accelerated degradation mechanism based on stochastic degradation models
Authors: Wang Han , Zhao Yu , Ma Xiaobing , Yang Li 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFor an effective accelerated degradation test, it is important to ensure that the degradation mechanism under different stress levels remains unchanged. In this article, we are interested in the equivalence analysis of accelerated degradation mechanism based on degradation data rather than physical or chemical techniques. Under the assumption that products' underlying degradation follows stochastic degradation models, we first introduce the relationship between mechanism equivalence and parameters of stochastic degradation models based on the acceleration factor invariant principle. Then the necessary conditions for mechanism equivalence, which should be satisfied under different stress levels, are derived and tested by the proposed parameter equivalence test method based on the modified Bartlett statistic and T statistic. Next a novel selection method for stochastic degradation models is derived therefrom by comparing the variation of coefficients of acceleration factors. The accuracy of the necessary conditions and the parameter equivalence test method is demonstrated through a simulation study. In addition, an electrical connector example with real stress relaxation data is analyzed to illustrate the proposed method further.
The importance of a small ephemeral tributary for fine sediment dynamics in a main‐stem river
Authors: Marteau B. , Batalla R. J. , Vericat D. , Gibbins C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractStudies of ephemeral streams have focused mainly in arid and semi‐arid regions. Such streams also occur widely in temperate regions, but much less is known about their influence on fluvial processes in main‐stem rivers here. In this paper, we present evidence of the importance of a small ephemeral temperate stream for main‐stem fine sediment dynamics. The paper focuses on a restoration project (River Ehen, North West England) which involved the reconnection of a headwater tributary to the main‐stem river. We present data on suspended sediment transport 2 years prior to and 2 years following the reconnection. Despite the small size and non‐perennial flow of the tributary, its reconnection resulted in an increase of 65% in the main‐stem sediment yield. During both the pre‐reconnection and post‐reconnection periods, a higher proportion of the annual yield was conveyed during short events with relatively high suspended sediment concentrations. Following the reconnection, the magnitude and frequency of such events increased, primarily due to sediment being delivered from the tributary at times when main‐stem flows were not elevated. Overall, the main‐stem remains supply limited and so is highly dependent on sediment delivered from the tributary. The study helps stress that even non‐perennial tributaries yielding only a small increase in catchment size (+1.2% in this case) can have a major influence on main‐stem fluvial dynamics. Their role as sediment sources may be especially important where, as in the case of the Ehen, the main‐stem is regulated and the system is otherwise starved of sediment.
Evaluating upstream passage and timing of approach by adult bigheaded carps at a gated dam on the Illinois River
Authors: Lubejko M.V. , Whitledge G.W. , Coulter A.A. , Brey M.K. , Oliver D.C. , Garvey J.E. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDams are a conservation threat because they function as barriers to native fish movement; however, they may prevent the spread of invasive species. Invasive bigheaded carps (Hypophthalmichthys spp.) threaten the Great Lakes ecosystem and are advancing towards Lake Michigan via the Illinois River. Navigation dams on the Illinois River may deter bigheaded carps' upstream movement. We investigated the permeability of the Starved Rock Lock and Dam (SRLD), the most downstream gated Illinois River dam, to bigheaded carps' migration by examining the timing of individuals approaching and passing through SRLD in relation to gate openness, tailwater elevation, and water temperature. Using acoustic telemetry of (N = ~104 per year) tagged fish, 13 upstream passages of bigheaded carps occurred through SRLD between 2013 and 2016. Eleven passages occurred through the dam gates and 2 through the lock chamber, indicating deterrents (e.g., CO2) placed in SRLD lock chamber may only limit passage of a small proportion of all fish passing through the lock‐and‐dam structure. Passages were documented only in 2013 and 2015. Most of the dam gate passages occurred during high water when gates were completely out of the water. Timing of bigheaded carps approaching SRLD was positively correlated with rising water temperature and high tailwater elevation, and all fish approached during late March through mid‐September. Movement through dams is rare; modifying gate operations to reduce gate openness during late spring and summer could further reduce the permeability of gated dams such as SRLD to bigheaded carps, slowing their upstream advance.
Linking ecological science with management outcomes on New Zealand's longest river
Authors: Collier K.J. , Baker C. , David B.O. , Górski K. , Pingram M.A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractNew Zealand's Waikato River has had a short but intense history of development, primarily through land‐use change and flow regulation in the upper river, and in the lower river through flood control works, non‐native species invasion, and land‐use intensification. The river undergoes sharp transitions across montane‐flood plain‐coastal environments over a short distance and under similar climate. Together with specialized life‐history requirements of many native fish, these features provide valuable insights into large river ecology and management. Testing approaches to determine outcomes of water quality changes have highlighted the value of functional indicators over traditional biotic measures for monitoring anthropogenic impacts. Initiatives to enhance native fish populations in the lower river have included remediation of migration barriers to improve access to tributary habitat, enhancement of tidal spawning habitat, and traps and gates to limit movement of large pest fish into flood plain lakes for spawning. This example of a southern temperate large river system highlights the importance of recruitment habitat and connectivity for native fish communities dominated by migratory species. Their slender bodies provide opportunities to create semipermeable barriers that enable access to flood plain habitats while restricting larger invasive fish. Recent initiatives have increased momentum to restore the ecological health of this river, but the underpinning science to guide priority actions is often lacking, and there is limited monitoring over the scales and time frames required to evaluate effectiveness.
Does perceived stress moderate the association between depressive symptoms and socioemotional and behavioural strengths and difficulties in adolescence?
Authors: Lätsch Alexander 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMore and more students report high level of perceived stress during childhood and adolescence, which is associated with socioemotional and behavioural strengths and difficulties. This study aims—based on the cognitive vulnerability‐transactional stress theory—to examine perceived stress in early adolescence as a potential moderator in the association between depressive symptoms and socioemotional and behavioural strengths and difficulties from early to middle adolescence. Results of latent moderated structural equations with questionnaire data from a longitudinal study with 1,088 German students (Time 1: Mage = 13.70, SD = 0.53; Time 2: N = 845, Mage = 15.32, SD = 0.49) indicate that perceived stress functions as a moderator in the above‐mentioned association and dominates the interaction if perceived strongly.
The materiality of human–water interaction in the Caribbean: an archaeological perspective
Authors: Finneran Niall P. 
Published: July 2017

This contribution offers a broad overview of the material evidence (archaeology) of multiscalar approaches to human–water interaction on the islands of the Caribbean from the precontact period up to the present day (i.e., ca 3000 BC–AD 2000). Precontact indigenous hunting/gathering/fishing and early farming peoples relied upon water management technology to mitigate problems of water shortage and drought (and indeed problems of excess of water, flooding). Further, archaeological work linked to other interdisciplinary approaches can demonstrate that their perception of water use was also linked to symbolic behavior as well. After AD 1492 as the newly Europeanized Caribbean islands industrialized in response to developing intensive sugar monoculture systems, more emphasis was placed upon extensive and complex water storage and irrigation works that at once reflected differing environmental demands of island ecologies, and also residual cultural traditions of the European colonial powers regarding water management and conservation. It will be demonstrated that within these socially and culturally diverse islandscapes, novel symbolic approaches to water also emerged, reflecting these many and varied roots of Caribbean cultural traditions. WIREs Water 2017, 4:e1235. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1235This article is categorized under:

Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change
Human Water > Water as Imagined and Represented
Crystallization Behavior of High Behenic Acid Stabilizers in Liquid Oil
Authors: Kim Ga Yae , Marangoni Alejandro G. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe crystallization behavior and structure of mixtures of a high behenic acid stabilizer (HBS) in peanut oil, high oleic safflower oil and sesame oil were studied in order to elucidate the mechanism behind liquid oil stabilization. Both the chemical composition of the oil and cooling rate influenced the crystallization behavior and structure of HBS. The critical gelation concentration of HBS ranged from 6.5% for peanut oil crystallized at 3 °C/min to 11% for sesame oil mixtures crystallized at 0.6 °C/min. The free energy of nucleation (ΔG) was the highest for sesame oil (142 kJ/mol) followed by high oleic safflower oil (75.8 kJ/mol) and peanut oil (15.9 kJ/mol). The HBS peanut oil mixture displayed the highest storage modulus (G′) under both cooling rates studied. In general, HBS‐oil mixtures crystallized at a higher cooling rate exhibited high SFC values, lower crystallization temperatures and a predominance of the β′ polymorph, and they had a microstructure characterized by uniformly sized spherulites. In contrast, slow cooling rates led to higher critical gelation concentrations of HBS, lower SFC, fractionation of higher melting and lower melting fractions, a more stable polymorphic form β and a wide range of spherulite sizes.
Self-assessed remission rates after electroconvulsive therapy of depressive disorders
Authors: Brus O. , Cao Y. , Gustafsson E. , Hultén M. , Landen M. , Lundberg J. , Nordanskog P. , Nordenskjöld A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackground:Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) effectively treats severe depression, but not all patients remit. The aim of the study was to identify clinical factors that associate with ECT-induced remission in a community setting.Methods:Depressed patients who underwent ECT in 2011–2014 were identified from the Swedish National Quality Register for ECT. Remission was defined as self-rated Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale scores of 0–10 after ECT. Other registers provided data on previous antidepressant use, comorbidities, and demographics.Results:Of 1671 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria, 42.8% achieved remission. Older age, education length over 9 years, psychotic symptoms, shorter duration of preceding antidepressant use, pulse width stimulus ≥ 0.50 ms, absence of substance use disorders, anxiety diagnosis, lamotrigine, and benzodiazepines, were associated with remission.Conclusions:This study shows that psychotic subtype of depression and older age are clinically relevant predictors of a beneficial ECT effect. Additionally, ECT outcomes can be further improved by optimizing the treatment technique and concomitant medication.
Sleep characteristics and risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Authors: Lutsey Pamela L. , Misialek Jeffrey R. , Mosley Thomas H. , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Punjabi Naresh M. , Shahar Eyal , MacLehose Richard , Ogilvie Rachel P. , Knopman David , Alonso Alvaro 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIntroductionThis study tested the hypotheses that late‐midlife obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and short and long sleep duration are associated with dementia over 15 years of follow‐up.MethodsA total of 1667 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study participants underwent in‐home polysomnography (1996–1998) and were followed for dementia. Dementia was defined by (1) hospitalization diagnosis codes (1996–2012) and (2) a comprehensive neurocognitive examination (2011–2013) with adjudication.ResultsOSA and sleep duration were not associated with risk of incident dementia. When using adjudicated outcomes, severe OSA (≥30 vs. <5 apnea‐hypopnea events/hour) was associated with higher risk of all‐cause dementia (risk ratio [95% confidence interval], 2.35 [1.06–5.18]) and Alzheimer's disease dementia (1.66 [1.03–2.68]); associations were attenuated with cardiovascular risk factor adjustment. Sleeping <7 versus 8 to ≤9 hours was associated with higher risk of all‐cause dementia (2.00 [1.03–3.86]).DiscussionWhen adjudicated outcome definitions were used, late‐midlife OSA and short sleep duration were associated with all‐cause and Alzheimer's disease dementia in later life.
Effect of heat treatment residual stress on stress behavior of constant stress beam
Authors: Kwak Si Young , Hwang Ho Young 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Although most casting and heat treatment processes generate significantly high residual stress in the products, this factor is generally not taken into account in the design stage of the product. In this study, experimental study and numerical analysis were conducted on a constant stress beam to examine effects of the residual stress generated during the heat treatment process on yielding behavior of the product in use. A constant stress beam of SUS 304 was designed in order to test the stress behavior related to residual stress. The residual stresses generated during quenching heat treatment of the beam were measured in advance by ESPI (Electronic Speckle-Pattern Interferometry) equipment, and then the external stresses generated while applying a simple external load on the beam were measured. Also, the residual stress distribution generated during the heat treatment process was computed using a numerical analysis program designed for analyzing heat treatment processes. Then, the stress distribution by a simple external load to the beam was combined with the calculated residual stress results of the previous heat treatment step. Finally, the results were compared with experimental ones. Simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental results. Consistency between experimental results and computational results prove that residual stress has significant effects on the stress behavior of mechanical parts. Therefore, the residual stress generated in the previous heat treatment step of casting must be taken into account in the stage of mechanical product design.
Highlights The bigger compressive residual stress occurs, the closer surface. When the residual stress is close to plastic deformation, the stress by external load did not significantly change. The residual stress generated during the manufacturing process should be considered in the design stage.
Country of Origin Labelling on the Rise in EU Member States – An Analysis under EU law and the EU’s International Trade Obligations
Authors: CARREÑO Ignacio , DOLLE Tobias , ROVNOV Yury 
Published: July 2017

AbstractOn 1 January 2017, France started a two-year trial of a mandatory country of origin labelling (hereinafter, COOL) scheme, which requires producers of milk, food containing milk products and food containing meat to provide information on the country of origin of the products. The scheme was introduced through Decree No 2016-1137 (i.e. Décret n° 2016-1137 du 19 août 2016 relatif à l’indication de l’origine du lait et du lait et des viandes utilisés en tant qu’ingrédient,1 hereinafter, the Decree). Before the end of this trial period, France has promised to provide a report to the European Commission (hereinafter, Commission) that would allow it to review consumer patterns and the potential impact on the internal market. In view of the report, the Commission may consider implementing such a scheme in all EU Member States. This article also notes that other EU Member States are introducing their own COOL measures and concludes that, when COOL is being made mandatory, the EU’s international trade obligations must be taken into account by the EU and its Member States.
COPing with the global tobacco epidemic: FCTC COP7 and its implications
Authors: GRUSZCZYNSKI Lukasz 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis report analyses the outcome of the latest meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. In this context, it concentrates on the adopted amendments to the partial guidelines for implementation of Articles 9 and 10 of the Framework Convention, recommendations on the regulation of e-cigarettes, and discussion on the interactions between international trade/investment obligations and implementation of the obligations of the Convention.
More Reality in the CJEU’s Interpretation of the Average Consumer Benchmark – Also More Behavioural Science in Unfair Commercial Practices?
Authors: PURNHAGEN Kai 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe ageless question regarding the interpretation of the average consumer benchmark at EU level recently gained momentum. The Court of Justice of the European Union has de facto deviated in a judgment from a strict application of the formula of the “reasonably well informed and reasonably observant and circumspect” consumer established in Gut Springenheide. This report investigates the possible implications of this judgment on the implementation of behavioural sciences in the “average consumer” benchmark.
Determining a Science-based Food Safety Objective/Appropriate Level of Protection for Application in Developing Countries
Authors: WAHIDIN Dasep , PURNHAGEN Kai P 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWhen determining the Appropriate Level of Protection (ALOP) in food safety law, developed countries rely on the Food Safety Objective (FSO) to meet the requirements of World Trade Organization (WTO) law and to provide a high level of protection based on insights from food safety science. Implementing an FSO/ALOP is resource-intensive and costly. Developing countries who would like to provide similar levels of protection are restricted by limited resources and often face difficulties implementing such an FSO-based ALOP. As a consequence, developing countries may base their ALOP on other legally acceptable reasons, which are non-scientific and less effective. We illustrate a less resource-intensive way to implement the FSO in the ALOP, which enables developing countries to design an ALOP that is based on food safety science. Depending on the resources available in the respective country, we map different possibilities to determine a science-based FSO/ALOP concept for developing countries, which also takes into account the requirements of WTO law.
3D Bioprinting Regulations: a UK/EU Perspective
Authors: LI Phoebe , FAULKNER Alex 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis report introduces the challenges 3D bioprinting poses to the existing legal regime across bioethics, safety, regenerative medicine, and tissue engineering. We briefly review the 3D bioprinting technology and look into the relevant regulatory instruments for the pre-printing, printing, and post-printing stages. Special attention is paid to the applications of the EU Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products Regulation and the new Medical Device Regulation.
Innovation Types and Regulation: the Regulatory Framing of Nanotechnology as “Incremental” or “Radical” Innovation
Authors: SMISMANS Stijn , STOKES Elen 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe regulatory literature has long been concerned with the challenges of technological innovation, yet it says relatively little about what we understand as “innovative” and how innovation “types” impact on regulation. This article unpacks the concept of “innovation” and analyses its significance for the development of regulatory strategy. It shows that innovation types – such as “incremental” and “radical” innovation – are not clear-cut, but involve differences of interpretation. This interpretive flexibility makes them powerful discursive resources in regulatory decision-making. Through a study of the EU’s regulation of nanotechnology, the article shows how arguments of “incremental” and “radical” innovation can be mobilised to very different effect. These different ways of conceptualising new technology affect decisions on: (i) the desirability of legislative reform; (ii) the evidence-base for regulation; and (iii) the use of the precautionary principle. The study also shows how the framing of technology as “incrementally” innovative can contribute to a strategy of “deliberate regulatory ignorance”. The article concludes by arguing that the incremental/radical distinction can be put to more positive use, so that regulatory choices take account of the different techno-scientific and socio-economic dimensions of innovation.
Geometric formulation of the Cauchy invariants for incompressible Euler flow in flat and curved spaces
Authors: Besse Nicolas , Frisch Uriel 
Published: July 2017

Cauchy invariants are now viewed as a powerful tool for investigating the Lagrangian structure of three-dimensional (3D) ideal flow (Frisch & Zheligovsky,Commun. Math. Phys., vol. 326, 2014, pp. 499–505; Podviginaet al.,J. Comput. Phys., vol. 306, 2016, pp. 320–342). Looking at such invariants with the modern tools of differential geometry and of geodesic flow on the space SDiff of volume-preserving transformations (Arnold,Ann. Inst. Fourier, vol. 16, 1966, pp. 319–361), all manners of generalisations are here derived. The Cauchy invariants equation and the Cauchy formula, relating the vorticity and the Jacobian of the Lagrangian map, are shown to be two expressions of this Lie-advection invariance, which are duals of each other (specifically, Hodge dual). Actually, this is shown to be an instance of a general result which holds for flow both in flat (Euclidean) space and in a curved Riemannian space: any Lie-advection invariant$p$-form which is exact (i.e. is a differential of a$(p-1)$-form) has an associated Cauchy invariants equation and a Cauchy formula. This constitutes a new fundamental result in linear transport theory, providing a Lagrangian formulation of Lie advection for some classes of differential forms. The result has a broad applicability: examples include the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations and various extensions thereof, discussed by Lingamet al.(Phys. Lett. A, vol. 380, 2016, pp. 2400–2406), and include also the equations of Tao (2016,arXiv:1606.08481 [math.AP]), Euler equations with modified Biot–Savart law, displaying finite-time blow-up. Our main result is also used for new derivations, and several new results, concerning local helicity-type invariants for fluids and MHD flow in flat or curved spaces of arbitrary dimension.