bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate adaptation in multi‐level governance systems: Security, risk, or normal politics?
Authors: Barquet Karina , Englund Mathilda , Rhinard Mark 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUsing a securitization lens, this article explores the climate adaptation discourse and its impact on the making and implementation of adaptation strategies in Sweden. The main goal is to discern whether climate change is understood and addressed as a security issue within Swedish climate adaptation policy, examining its practical implications from national to local levels. We scrutinize the discourses employed to frame climate adaptation and assess whether these align with threatification, riskification, or normal politics. We explore the actors and tools involved in creating this framing. Our findings reveal examples of threat‐ and risk‐oriented securitizations of climate adaptation strategy; however, most evidence highlights discourses and practices associated with normal politics across governance levels. Nationally, climate adaptation is managed akin to any other policy domain. Prioritization of adaptation goals takes place through centralized decision‐making, then monitored through accountability mechanisms spanning national, subregional, and local levels. The national government maintains financial and monitoring control throughout this chain. Municipalities possess significant autonomy in determining the means and methods to achieve adaptation objectives. This indicates that some securitization, but mainly normal policymaking, describes climate change adaption in Sweden ‐ an outcome strongly influenced by organizational fragmentation, scarce resources, and a pronounced role for experts.
2‐Chloroquinolinyl‐thiazolidine‐2,4‐dione Hybrids as Potential α‐Amylase Inhibitors: Synthesis, Biological Evaluations, and In Silico Studies
Authors: Karmur Sheetal B. , Dholariya Monil P. , Patel Anilkumar S. , Karmur Manisha B. , Maliwal Deepika , Pissurlenkar Raghuvir R. S. , Bhalodia Jasmin J. , Kaneria Mital J. , Ambasana Mrunal , Bapodra Atul H. , Kapuriya Naval P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRecently, molecular hybridization strategy has paved a way to develop novel lead compounds for the α‐amylase targeted antidiabetic therapy. In this study, we disclosed a series of new hybrids of thiazolidine‐2,4‐diones with 2‐chloroquinoline‐3‐yl moiety as potential antidiabetic agents. The molecular structures of all the synthesized hybrids (15a–n) were confirmed by spectroscopic studies (FT‐IR, ESI‐MS, 1H, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis). When in vitro antidiabetic evaluation of these agents was carried out in a dose‐dependent manner, it was revealed that several compounds (15f–h, 15j, and 15n) were endowed with significant antidiabetic activities and exhibited more than 50% α‐amylase inhibition at a dose of 50 µg/mL. Particularly, hybrid 15n was found to be more potent than acarbose with 95% inhibition of α‐amylase and IC50 of 5.00 ± 0.18 µM under given conditions. Further, it was demonstrated that 15n bearing 2‐chloroquinolinyl and thiazolidin‐2,4‐dione scaffolds functionalized with 3‐OMe and 4‐OH groups was not only able to effectively bind with α‐amylase receptor site with best docking score (−9.644 kcal/mol) but also possessed drug‐likenesses properties with no violations of Lipinski rule. Overall, this study discovered new 2‐chloroquinolinyl‐thiazolidine‐2,4‐diones hybrids as novel α‐amylase inhibitors and compound 15n as promising lead for its further development as antidiabetic agent.
Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer Metastasis via Extracellular Vesicles Isolated Using Two‐Phase Interface as Membrane‐Less Filter
Authors: Lim Minyeob , Shin Hyunwoo , Jeong Hwapyeong , Kwon Yongmin , Kim Meeyoung , Lee Jiyoul , Park Jaesung 
Published: October 2024

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs), nano‐sized particles secreted by cells, are increasingly recognized as promising biomarkers. However, the isolation and purification of EVs need improvement, impeding their practical application. Aqueous two‐phase systems (ATPS) offer a method to separate EVs with high purity and yield compared to other techniques, yet the unclear isolation mechanism limits efficiency. To elucidate the separation process and enhance ATPS‐based EV isolation, Kramers' theory and Fick's law are employed. The simulations and experiments reveal that the liquid–liquid interface in ATPS acts as a size cut‐off filter for EVs, functioning without a membrane. It is discovered that rapid transport of particles to the interface is crucial for fast isolation, but this transport in separated phases relies solely on diffusion, which slows the process. To address this, a vortex is introduced to enhance particle movement through convection, significantly improving efficiency. This method achieves over 80% recovery of EVs from blood plasma and removes more than 90% of low‐density lipoprotein, high‐density lipoprotein, and albumin within an hour. Applying this ATPS‐based membrane‐less filter to plasma from prostate cancer patients, concentrations of markers on EVs are quantified. Using machine learning, metastatic and non‐metastatic prostate cancer are distinguished with greater accuracy than the traditional PSA‐based method.
Machine Learning‐Enabled Nanoscale Phase Prediction in Engineered Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride)
Authors: Babu Anand , Abraham B. Moses , Naskar Sudip , Ranpariya Spandan , Mandal Dipankar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEngineered poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) with its diverse crystalline phases plays a crucial role in determining the performance of devices in piezo‐, pyro‐, ferro‐ and tribo‐electric applications, indicating the importance of distinct phase‐detection in defining the structure‐property relation. However, traditional characterization techniques struggle to effectively distinguish these phases, thereby failing to offer complete information. In this study, multimodal data‐driven techniques have been employed for distinguishing different phases with a machine learning (ML) approach. This developed multimode model has been trained from empirical to theoretical data and demonstrates a classification accuracy of >94%, 15% more noise resilience, and 11% more accuracy from unimodality. Thus, from conception to validation, an alternative approach is provided to autonomously distinguish the different PVDF phases and eschew repetitive experiments that saved resources, thus accelerating the process of materials selection in various applications.
Long‐Term Resistance to Phase Change‐Induced Wetting Transition on Biphilic Armored Superhydrophobic Surfaces
Authors: Liu Zhenda , Wang Dagui , Zhang Wei , Gao Shan , Shen Yang , Shi Zhenxu , Lu Binyang , Wang Dehui , Deng Xu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMaterial surfaces maintaining a liquid super‐repellent is crucial in fields such as anti‐fouling, drag reduction, and heat transfer. Superhydrophobic surfaces provide an effective approach but suffer from phase change‐induced wetting transitions, hindering their practical applications. In this work, Biphilic armored superhydrophobic surfaces (BASS) are designed by integrating hydrophilic interconnected surface frames with superhydrophobic nanostructures. The hydrophilic top of the frame provides spatial selectivity for condensate droplet nucleation, and superhydrophobic nanostructures enable staying dry. Further growth, coalescence, jumping, and roll‐off of the condensate droplets on BASS, show remarkable resistance to phase change‐induced wetting transition. It still maintains stable superhydrophobicity when exposed to 100 °C of steam for 240 h, at least two orders of magnitude improvement over traditional superhydrophobic surfaces. Such a designing BASS provides an effective approach to address the phase change‐induced wetting transition, thereby extending the practical application in the fields of condensation heat transfer, anti‐fouling, and fluid transportation of superhydrophobic surfaces.
Hybrid Protocells Based on Coacervate‐Templated Fatty Acid Vesicles Combine Improved Membrane Stability with Functional Interior Protocytoplasm
Authors: Lee Jessica , Pir Cakmak Fatma , Booth Richard , Keating Christine D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPrebiotically‐plausible compartmentalization mechanisms include membrane vesicles formed by amphiphile self‐assembly and coacervate droplets formed by liquid–liquid phase separation. Both types of structures form spontaneously and can be related to cellular compartmentalization motifs in today's living cells. As prebiotic compartments, they have complementary capabilities, with coacervates offering excellent solute accumulation and membranes providing superior boundaries. Herein, protocell models constructed by spontaneous encapsulation of coacervate droplets by mixed fatty acid/phospholipid and by purely fatty acid membranes are described. Coacervate‐supported membranes form over a range of coacervate and lipid compositions, with membrane properties impacted by charge–charge interactions between coacervates and membranes. Vesicles formed by coacervate‐templated membrane assembly exhibit profoundly different permeability than traditional fatty acid or blended fatty acid/phospholipid membranes without a coacervate interior, particularly in the presence of magnesium ions (Mg2+). While fatty acid and blended membrane vesicles are disrupted by the addition of Mg2+, the corresponding coacervate‐supported membranes remain intact and impermeable to externally‐added solutes. With the more robust membrane, fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis, which is commonly used for cell viability assays, can be performed inside the protocell model due to the simple diffusion of FDA and then following with the coacervate‐mediated abiotic hydrolysis to fluorescein.
Hydrogen Confinement in Hexagonal Boron Nitride Bubbles Using UV Laser Illumination
Authors: Tijent Fatima Z. , Bouzourâa Montassar B. , Ottapilakkal Vishnu , Perepeliuc Andre , Gujrati Rajat , Vuong Phuong , Sundaram Suresh , Faqir Mustapha , Voss Paul L. , Salvestrini Jean‐Paul , Ougazzaden Abdallah 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) bubbles are of significant interest to micro‐scale hydrogen storage thanks to their ability to confine hydrogen gas molecules. Previous reports of h‐BN bubble creation from grown h‐BN films require electron beams under vacuum, making integrating with other experimental setups for hydrogen production impractical. Therefore, in this study, the formation of h‐BN bubbles is demonstrated in a 20 nm h‐BN film grown on a sapphire substrate with a 213 nm UV laser beam. Using atomic force microscopy, it is shown that longer illumination time induces larger h‐BN bubbles up to 20 µm with higher density. It is also demonstrated that h‐BN bubbles do not collapse for more than 6 months after their creation. The internal pressure and gravimetric storage capacity of h‐BN bubbles are reported. A maximum internal pressure of 41 MPa and a gravimetric storage capacity of 6% are obtained. These findings show that h‐BN bubbles can be a promising system for long‐term hydrogen storage.
Turning Microenvironments of Porous Co─N─C Catalysts Enable Efficient Fenton‐Like Reaction
Authors: Yao Yiyuan , Xiao Chengming , Guo Xin , Liu Chuquan , Zhao Wenyu , Yang Xuran , Gao Jianmin , Zhu Zhigao , Yang Yue , Zhou Yujun , Qi Junwen , Li Jiansheng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMetal nitrogen carbon (MNC)‐based Fenton reactions leveraged with robust peroxymonosulfate (PMS) interaction effectively guarantee the elimination of refractory contaminants, yet the precise design of local microenvironment of MNC to couple with the multiple PMS activation pose major challenges. Herein, a porous Co single‐atom catalyst (SAC) with nitrogen defects (Nv) (MCo/NC‐6) is fabricated to initiate PMS oxidation reaction. The weaker but richer coordination between Co and N in the precursor facilitates the formation of Nv and porous structure during pyrolysis, achieving simultaneously electronic structure and spatial distribution tuning. Compared with the Co SAC (ZCo/NC‐6), the optimized MCo/NC‐6 significantly increase the bisphenol A (BPA) reactivity (k = 0.63 min−1), PMS utilization (78%), and singlet oxygen (1O2) yield (100%) by 15.3, 2.4, and 2.6 times, respectively. Experimental analyses and theoretical calculations reveal that the Co─N─C coordination regulated by both micro space and neighboring Nv is endowed high‐mobility electrons, thus synergistically facilitating rapid generation and efficient utilization of 1O2. This work promises new opportunities for the design of local microenvironments‐regulated SACs, and charts new trajectories in complex Fenton‐like systems.
2D g‐C3N5 p‐Doping of Donor Material for High‐Efficiency Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Yang Song , Yu Bo , Yu Huangzhong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMolecular doping of organic semiconductor is a great strategy for significantly regulating the electronic band structure of organic semiconductor while increasing charge mobility and carrier concentration. Here, a facile strategy is presented by introducing 2D g‐C3N5 as a p‐dopant into PM6, improving the charge mobility and hole carrier concentration of PM6. Moreover, the electron transfer between PM6 and g‐C3N5 can effectively downshift the Fermi energy level and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of PM6, which leads to the increase the built‐in electric field of organic solar cells (OSCs). The addition of g‐C3N5 also effectively enhances the crystallization of active layer, thereby improving the stability of OSCs. As a result, a champion bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ) and layer‐by‐layer (LbL) structure OSCs are successfully achieved featuring a high‐power conversion efficiency of 18.10%/18.25%, simultaneously having excellent device stability. This work shows that introducing a low concentration dopant into organic donor is an effective method for improving the electrical performance of organic donor and the efficiency of OSCs.
Automatic damage detection and segmentation using deep learning algorithms in reinforced concrete structure inspections
Authors: Wang Jiehui , Ueda Tamon 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTraditional methods of detecting concrete damage, such as manual inspection, are typically slow, labor‐intensive, and subjective. Integrating deep learning algorithms has automated this process, representing a significant advance in building damage inspection. Semantic segmentation, a technique within deep learning, is increasingly recognized for its capability to identify the location and shape of concrete damage accurately. Unlike basic deep learning approaches like classification and object detection, semantic segmentation not only recognizes damage but also delineates its boundaries, and has great potential in facilitating dimension measurement. However, multi‐level, high‐precision detection for various structural damage assessments remains an area requiring further research. This study created a database of reinforced concrete surfaces with pixel‐level, multi‐category semantic segmentation annotations for various levels of component damage, including cracks and spalling of concrete, exposure, buckling, fracture of reinforcing bars, etc. The performance of advanced deep learning segmentation algorithms, including U‐Net, DeepLab, K‐Net, and FastSCNN, was consequently trained and evaluated in detecting various types of concrete damage. All models show good accuracy of more than 98%, but lower F1 scores around 70%. U‐Net and K‐Net demonstrate relatively stable performance, indicating a certain degree of consistency and a high‐performance peak. In contrast, DeepLabv3's F1 score fluctuates significantly, suggesting the model may suffer from overfitting or other stability issues during training, resulting in a relatively low average performance. FastSCNN exhibits the highest potential, achieving the highest F1 score. In addition, this study also tested the performance of each model on new damage images and explored the impact of the dataset proportion ratio (training set vs. validation set), contributing to providing insights into each algorithm's suitability for various inspection scenarios. Finally, perspectives on current challenges and future directions in the field have also been given.
Using cross‐country datasets for association mapping in Arachis hypogaea L.
Authors: Okaron Velma , Mwololo James , Gimode Davis M. , Okello David K. , Avosa Millicent , Clevenger Josh , Korani Walid , Ssemakula Mildred Ochwo , Odong Thomas L. , Odeny Damaris A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGroundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the most important climate‐resilient oil crops in sub‐Saharan Africa. There is a significant yield gap for groundnut in Africa because of poor soil fertility, low agricultural inputs, biotic and abiotic stresses. Cross‐country evaluations of promising breeding lines can facilitate the varietal development process. The objective of our study was to characterize popular test environments in Uganda (Serere and Nakabango) and Malawi (Chitala and Chitedze) and identify genotypes with stable superior yields for potential future release. Phenotypic data were generated for 192 breeding lines for yield‐related traits, while genotypic data were generated using skim‐sequencing. We observed significant variation (p < 0.001; p < 0.01; p < 0.05) across genotypes for all yield‐related traits: days to flowering (DTF), pod yield (PY), shelling percentage, 100‐seed weight, and grain yield within and across locations. Nakabango, Chitedze, and Serere were clustered as one mega‐environment with the top five most stable genotypes being ICGV‐SM 01709, ICGV‐SM 15575, ICGV‐SM 90704, ICGV‐SM 15576, and ICGV‐SM 03710, all Virginia types. Population structure analysis clustered the genotypes in three distinct groups based on market classes. Eight and four marker‐trait associations (MTAs) were recorded for DTF and PY, respectively. One of the MTAs for DTF was co‐localized within an uncharacterized protein on chromosome 13, while another one (TRv2Chr.11_3476885) was consistent across the two countries. Future studies will need to further characterize the candidate genes as well as confirm the stability of superior genotypes across seasons before recommending them for release.
Study on Seroprevalence and Leptospiral Antibody Distribution Among Livestock Breeders and Farmers in Golestan Province
Authors: Naderi Malihe , Sofiani Vahideh Hamidi , Hoseinpour Reza , Alborzi Amir Mohammad , Soltani Seyed Amir 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe high prevalence of leptospirosis in humans is of great public health concern, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of leptospiral antibodies and the distribution of serovars in livestock breeders and farmers in Golestan province.MethodsSeventy samples of serum collected from farmers and ranchers suspected of leptospirosis were examined using an ELISA method for surveying Immunoglobulin M (IgM) anti‐leptospiria. Also from samples, DNA was extracted and PCR was performed using by primers for 16s rRNA. Demographic properties of positive patients were analysed.ResultsChi‐square statistical test shows a statistically significant difference between the gender and prevalence leptospirosis (p‐value = 0.004). Also, by examining the age, it was shown that 68.57% of patients are in the middleaged rang. According to the results obtained from the study and investigation of blood serum IgM‐and Immunoglobulin G (IgG) in people suspected of leptospirosis, 3 cases of the patients had IgM higher than 11 and were known to be positive for leptospirosis. Also, by examining the IgG level of patients, 5 cases had intermediate results, and 2 cases were found to be positive for IgG. The PCR results showed that 41.42% of patients tested positive for the 16s rRNA.ConclusionLeptospirosis is a common disease among farmers, and in Golestan province, considering traditional farming methods, it is considered an important infectious disease. Therefore, health and safety measures should be expanded to control and prevent this disease. Also, by employing mechanised agricultural methods, the prevalence of leptospirosis in this region can be significantly reduced.
Critical lateral‐torsional buckling loads of porous orthotropic rectangular beams containing warping effects
Authors: Turan Ferruh 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDue to their elemental porosity, porous materials display individual mechanical properties, rendering them essential components in various engineering applications. So, this study investigates the lateral‐torsional buckling (LTB) sensitivity of porous orthotropic rectangular beams subjected to a concentrated load, including the warping effects. Porosity‐dependent material properties vary along the beam's height via four different porosity distribution patterns. The constitutive equations are obtained using the principle of virtual work based on the classical beam theory containing the warping effect, and the governing equations are solved by performing the Ritz method to obtain the critical LTB load. The porous orthotropic beams and the warping effects add complexity to the analysis. So, the influence of some parameters, such as porosity coefficients, porosity distribution patterns, orthotropy, height‐to‐width ratio, slenderness ratio, and warping coefficients, on the LTB characteristics of porous orthotropic rectangular beams are investigated in detail. The novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive LTB analysis of orthotropic rectangular beams under specific effects, such as porosity and warping factors. The findings offer valuable insights into the LTB characteristics of orthotropic porous beams, contributing to an improved comprehension of their structural behavior and facilitating the design of engineering structures. This study contributes to the composite materials and structural stability analysis, offering potential applications in many engineering domains.
Rejection of Guilt
Authors: Troschke Hagen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHolocaust-related rejection of guilt (Schuldabwehr) is an argumentative strategy that aims to absolve three groups of people from guilt: (1) perpetrators, (2) people who benefited from the Holocaust (3) those who did not oppose the Holocaust. The rejection of one’s own guilt or that of others serves as a moral and legal exoneration. It seeks to make it possible to leave the past, bad conscience, shame or horror behind, and to live in an undisturbed social normality. It serves to enable continued identification with a group that supposedly behaved with integrity during the Nazi era, facilitates perpetrators’ escape from criminal prosecution and looks to resurrect pride in a nation untainted by its historical crimes. Rejection of guilt is a form of antisemitism because it trivialises or denies responsibility for the biggest antisemitic crime in history and thereby attempts to absolve those involved in the Holocaust in one way or the other or to minimise the extent of their participation. Moreover, it is a mockery of the victims of a crime, in which no one wants to have been involved.
Jewish Privilege and the “Free Pass”
Authors: Placzynta Karolina 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe two contradictory elements of antisemitic narratives portray Jews as inferior and lesser on the one hand, and influential or powerful on the other. The stereotype of Jewish privilege highlights the latter aspect: it fosters the idea that Jews, Israelis or the State of Israel enjoy a certain amount of advantage over others, and that they benefit from a more favourable or more lenient treatment. What is more, they are supposedly convinced of their own superiority, and as a result expect to be granted a special status or protection, or are indignant if this is not the case.