bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ketogenic diet treatment increases longevity in Kcna1‐null mice, a model of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy
Authors: Simeone Kristina A. , Matthews Stephanie A. , Rho Jong M. , Simeone Timothy A. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryIndividuals with poorly controlled epilepsy have a higher risk for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). With approximately one third of people with epilepsy not achieving adequate seizure control with current antiseizure drugs, there is a critical need to identify treatments that reduce risk factors for SUDEP. The Kcna1‐null mutant mouse models risk factors and terminal events associated with SUDEP. In the current study, we demonstrate the progressive nature of epilepsy and sudden death in this model (mean age of mortality (± SEM), postnatal day [P] 42.8 ± 1.3) and tested the hypothesis that long‐term treatment with the ketogenic diet (KD) will prolong the life of Kcna1‐null mice. We found that the KD postpones disease progression by delaying the onset of severe seizures and increases the lifespan of these mutant mice by 47%. Future studies are needed to determine the mechanisms underlying the KD effects on longevity.
Treatment of coxofemoral luxation in a mature Welsh pony by femoral head ostectomy: Long‐term outcome
Authors: François I. B. , Thomas A. L. , Lepage O. M. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryA 233 kg, 4‐year‐old Welsh pony stallion presented with a unilateral coxofemoral luxation and a history of previous upward fixation of the patella. This condition was surgically managed by femoral head ostectomy using a craniodorsal approach to the luxated coxofemoral joint, without greater trochanteric osteotomy. Immediate improvement in weightbearing was observed after surgery and primary intention healing was recorded. Long‐term outcome, 4 years after surgery, was assessed by radiographic, ultrasonographic and lameness examination. The pony was in good body condition and the initial weight of this patient was restored. Despite fetlock hyperlaxity of the contralateral hindlimb, amyotrophy and mechanical lameness of the affected hindlimb, the pony showed evident comfort without apparent signs of pain and was able to trot and gallop. Bone callus was observed at imaging examination.
Growth variability of Pacific saury Cololabis saira larvae under contrasting environments across the Kuroshio axis: survival potential of minority versus majority
Authors: Takasuka Akinori , Nishikawa Kirara , Kuroda Hiroshi , Okunishi Takeshi , Shimizu Yugo , Sakaji Hideo , Ito Shin‐Ichi , Tokai Tadashi , Oozeki Yoshioki 
Published: June 2016

AbstractGrowth variability was examined for Pacific saury Cololabis saira larvae under contrasting environments across the Kuroshio axis, based on samples collected during the winter spawning season in 2013 and 2014. The growth rate index (residual of the otolith marginal 3‐day mean increment width from the linear regression on knob length) of larvae was compared among three areas: the inshore side of the Kuroshio axis, the Kuroshio axis, and the offshore side of the Kuroshio axis in relation to sea surface temperature (SST), salinity (SSS) and chlorophyll‐a (CHL) concentration. The larvae were more densely distributed in the Kuroshio axis and offshore areas of higher temperature and salinity and lower chlorophyll‐a concentration than in the inshore areas of lower temperature and salinity and higher chlorophyll‐a concentration. No marked differences in the growth rate index were found among the three areas, even though the larvae in the inshore areas showed slightly higher growth rates in 2013. Despite the broad ranges of environmental factors, no clear relationship between the growth rate index and any environmental factor was detected. The survival potential of Pacific saury larvae was considered to be at least comparable under contrasting environments across the Kuroshio axis. Such a geographical homogeneity is concluded to be attributable to compensable effects of physical and biological factors. We hypothesize that the minority under physically‐unfavorable but biologically‐favorable conditions on the inshore side of the Kuroshio axis could survive equally well as the majority under physically‐favorable but biologically‐unfavorable conditions around the Kuroshio axis and on the offshore side of the Kuroshio axis.
Environmental factors and megafauna spatio‐temporal co‐occurrence with purse‐seine fisheries
Authors: Escalle Lauriane , Pennino Maria Grazia , Gaertner Daniel , Chavance Pierre , Delgado de Molina Alicia , Demarcq Hervé , Romanov Evgeny , Merigot Bastien 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTropical tuna purse‐seine fisheries spatially co‐occur with various megafauna species, such as whale sharks, dolphins and baleen whales in all oceans of the world. Here, we analyzed a 10‐year (2002–2011) dataset from logbooks of European tropical tuna purse‐seine vessels operating in the tropical Eastern Atlantic and Western Indian Oceans, with the aim of identifying the principle environmental variables under which such co‐occurrence appear. We applied a Delta‐model approach using Generalized Additive Models (GAM) and Boosted Regression Trees (BRT) models, accounting for spatial autocorrelation using a contiguity matrix based on a residuals autocovariate (RAC) approach. The variables that contributed most in the models were chlorophyll‐a concentration in the Atlantic Ocean, as well as depth and monsoon in the Indian Ocean. High co‐occurrence between whale sharks, baleen whales and tuna purse‐seine fisheries were mostly observed in productive areas during particular seasons. In light of the lack of a full coverage scientific observer on board program, the large, long‐term dataset obtained from logbooks of tuna purse‐seine vessels is highly important for identifying seasonal and spatial co‐occurrence between the distribution of fisheries and megafauna, and the underlying environmental variables. This study can help to design conservation management measures for megafauna species within the framework of spatial fishery management strategies.
Importance of estuarine nursery areas for the adult population of the temperate seabass Lateolabrax japonicus, as revealed by otolith Sr:Ca ratios
Authors: Fuji Taiki , Kasai Akihide , Ueno Masahiro , Yamashita Yoh 
Published: June 2016

AbstractOtolith Sr:Ca ratios were used to evaluate the contribution of estuarine nursery areas to the temperate seabass (Lateolabrax japonicus) population in Tango Bay, the Sea of Japan. Otolith Sr:Ca ratios of juveniles collected from freshwater, brackish and coastal areas were analysed to determine a criterion for distinguishing whether individuals used estuarine or coastal areas as nurseries. Otolith Sr:Ca ratios of adult seabass collected around Tango Bay were also analysed to detect the records of salinity that juveniles experienced and to estimate the contribution of each habitat. Sr:Ca ratios of the edges of otoliths of juveniles from freshwater areas were 2.4 × 10−3 in average, which were significantly lower than those of juveniles collected from a coastal area (4.9 × 10−3 in average) owing to differences in salinity conditions among these areas. Based on the threshold criterion determined by this difference, 39 out of 107 (36%) adult seabass were estimated to have used the estuary as a nursery during their juvenile stage according to their Sr:Ca chronologies. Despite the small area covered by estuarine nurseries compared with coastal waters, the Yura River estuary contributed considerably to the adult seabass population. This indicates estuaries play an important role as nurseries for seabass juveniles, and it should be noted that the estuaries are important nurseries to conserve the stocks of coastal fishes.
First‐year survival of North East Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) from 1998 to 2012 appears to be driven by availability of Calanus, a preferred copepod prey
Authors: Jansen Teunis 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMackerel (Scomber scombrus) is one of the ecologically and economically most important fish species in the Atlantic. Its recruitment has, for unknown reasons, been exceptional from 1998 to 2012. The majority (75%) of the survivors in the first winter were found north of an oceanographic division at approximately 52°N, despite the fact that mackerel spawns over a wide range of latitudes. Multivariate time series modelling of survivor abundance in the north revealed a significant correlation with the abundance of copepodites (stage I–IV) of Calanus sp. in the spawning season (April to June). The copepodites were a mix of C. helgolandicus (dominating) and C. finmarchicus. The growth of mackerel larvae is known to be positively related to the availability of nauplii and copopodites of preferred prey species, namely, large calanoid copepod species such as Calanus. The statistical relationship between mackerel survivors and abundance of Calanus, therefore, most likely, reflected a causal relationship: high availability of Calanus probably reduced starvation, stage‐specific predation and cannibalism (owing to prey switching). The effects of other abundant, but less preferred zooplankton taxa, (Acartia sp., Branchiopoda spp. and Echinodermata spp. larvae), as well as stock size, temperature and wind‐induced turbulence were not found to be significant. However, stock size was retained in the final model because of a significant interaction with Calanus in oceanic areas west of the North European continental shelf. This was suggested to be a consequence of a density driven expansion of the spawning area that increased the overlap between early life stages of mackerel and food (Calanus) in new areas.
Maintenance of blood flow rate on dialysis with self‐centering CentrosFLO catheter: A multicenter prospective study
Authors: Agarwal Anil K. , Ash Stephen R. ,   Principal Investigators of the CentrosFLO Trial
Published: June 2016

AbstractIntroduction Chronic central venous catheters (CVC) for dialysis lose patency and deliver lower blood flow over time, often due to fibrous sheathing that covers the lumen tips. The CentrosFLO central venous catheter has a shape that directs the arterial and venous tips away from the walls of the vena cava and right atrium, making sheathing of the tips less likely.Methods A prospective, multicenter, single arm, non‐controlled, observational study was conducted at eight sites in the United States. All consenting dialysis patients receiving CentrosFLO catheters through the right or left internal jugular veins were accepted in the study, as long as the catheter was expected to be used for 45 days and was not an over‐the‐wire replacement for a previous CVC. Data were automatically collected on initial and average dialysis blood flow rate and initial arterial and venous pressures, for up to 26 weeks of dialysis therapy.Findings 75 patients were enrolled. Kaplan‐Meier analysis indicated that 87% of patients maintained blood flow rate over 300 mL/min throughout 26 weeks of follow‐up. There was no decline in average dialysis blood flow rate and no significant change in hydraulic resistance of the arterial or venous lumens of the catheters during the study.Discussion The CentrosFLO catheter demonstrates long term patency with good flow rates on dialysis, which, by comparison with previous studies, shows a clinically significant improvement in blood flow rate vs. other catheters. Stable hydraulic resistance of the catheter lumens showed no evidence of tip encroachment by fibrous sheaths.
Predialysis volume overload and patient‐reported sleep duration and quality in patients receiving hemodialysis
Authors: Abreo Adrian P. , Dalrymple Lorien S. , Chertow Glenn M. , Kaysen George A. , Herzog Charles A. , Johansen Kirsten L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIntroduction:Previous studies of patients with end‐stage renal disease have examined the role of fluid shifts on apnea‐hypopnea episodes, but the association between volume overload and patient‐reported sleep quality or duration has not been well‐established.Methods:We studied the association between predialysis bioimpedance spectroscopy‐derived volume estimates and self‐reported sleep quality and duration in 638 patients in the United States Renal Data System ACTIVE/ADIPOSE study receiving hemodialysis from 2009 to 2011. We used questionnaires to assess self‐reported sleep duration and quality. We used relative hydration status (fluid overload/extracellular water; FO/ECW) as the primary predictor and examined associations with hours of sleep duration using linear regression. We used multivariable ordinal logistic regression to determine the association between categories of relative hydration status (normal hydration [FO/ECW < 6.8%], mild overhydration [FO/ECW 6.8%–15%], and hyperhydration [FO/ECW > 15%]) and four levels of difficulty with falling asleep, waking, and returning to sleep.Findings:Higher relative hydration status was associated with fewer hours of sleep (−0.31 hours per 10%, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.49 to −0.13). Compared to the normal hydration group, there was a statistically significant association between higher relative hydration status category and more frequent nighttime waking (OR: mild overhydration 1.92 [95% CI 1.23–2.99], hyperhydration 1.87 [95% CI 1.16–2.99]), a trend toward more difficulty returning to sleep (OR: mild overhydration 1.46 [95% CI 0.94–2.27], hyperhydration 1.52 [95% CI 0.95–2.43]), and no association between relative hydration category and difficulty falling asleep.Discussion:Hydration status was associated with self‐reported sleep duration in patients on dialysis. Future studies should prospectively examine the effects of optimizing fluid status on sleep duration and quality.
Diagnostic dilemmas of high‐grade transformation (Richter's syndrome) of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: results of the phase II National Cancer Research Institute CHOP‐OR clinical trial specialist haemato‐pathology central review
Authors: Soilleux Elizabeth J , Wotherspoon Andrew , Eyre Toby A , Clifford Ruth , Cabes Maite , Schuh Anna H 
Published: June 2016

AimsRichter's syndrome (RS) refers to high‐grade transformation of B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), usually to diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, as assessed according to strict World Health Organization (WHO)‐defined histological criteria. Although this is a relatively evidence‐poor area, the recommended clinical management of high‐grade transformation differs considerably from that of relapsed CLL. The ‘CHOP‐OR’ trial was a single‐arm, multicentre, non‐randomized phase II National Cancer Research Institute trial in patients with newly diagnosed RS, recruited from across the UK from April 2011 to December 2014. Forty‐three patients were enrolled, of whom 37 were ultimately evaluable for response. The aim was to verify the presence of RS in the trial patients and identify pitfalls in the diagnosis of RS.Methods and resultsTwo independent, specialist haematopathologists reviewed histological material from 40 available cases enrolled in the CHOP‐OR trial to determine whether the submitted diagnosis of RS was correct. Three cases were unavailable for central review. This series represents the largest central review of RS within a prospective trial in the literature to date. Thirty‐three of the 40 (82.5%) submitted cases showed features consistent with WHO‐defined RS. Reasons for diagnostic uncertainty in discrepant cases included large proliferation centres, variably confluent and serpiginous proliferation centres, and an apparently high proliferation index, sometimes attributable to a thick section or associated normal bone marrow proliferation.ConclusionsWe discuss the importance of high‐quality histological and immunohistochemical sections and strict adherence to WHO criteria in the diagnosis of RS. This study further reinforces the importance of centralized review of cases of haematological malignancy.
Age‐associated decrease in GDNF and its cognate receptor GFRα‐1 protein expression in human skin
Authors: Adly Mohamed A. , Assaf Hanan A. , Hussein Mahmoud Rezk Abdelwahed 
Published: June 2016

SummaryGlial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and its cognate receptor (GFRα‐1) are expressed in normal human skin. They are involved in murine hair follicle morphogenesis and cycling control. We hypothesize that ‘GDNF and GFRα‐1 protein expression in human skin undergoes age‐associated alterations. To test our hypothesis, the expression of these proteins was examined in human skin specimens obtained from 30 healthy individuals representing three age groups: children (5–18 years), adults (19–60 years) and the elderly (61–81 years). Immunofluorescent and light microscopic immunohistologic analyses were performed using tyramide signal amplification and avidin–biotin complex staining methods respectively. GDNF mRNA expression was examined by RT‐PCR analysis. GDNF mRNA and protein as well as GFRα‐1 protein expressions were detected in normal human skin. We found significantly reduced epidermal expression of these proteins with ageing. In the epidermis, the expression was strong in the skin of children and declined gradually with ageing, being moderate in adults and weak in the elderly. In children and adults, the expression of both GDNF and GFRα‐1 proteins was strongest in the stratum basale and decreased gradually towards the surface layers where it was completely absent in the stratum corneum. In the elderly, GDNF and GFRα‐1 protein expression was confined to the stratum basale. In the dermis, both GDNF and GFRα‐1 proteins had strong expressions in the fibroblasts, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair follicles and blood vessels regardless of the age. Thus there is a decrease in epidermal GDNF and GFRα‐1 protein expression in normal human skin with ageing. Our findings suggest that the consequences of this is that GFRα‐1‐mediated signalling is altered during the ageing process. The clinical and therapeutic ramifications of these observations mandate further investigations.
miR‐376c inhibits cervical cancer cell proliferation and invasion by targeting BMI1
Authors: Deng Youping , Xiong Yan , Liu Yingjuan 
Published: June 2016

SummaryMicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in cancer development and progression. The purposes of this study were to explore the role of miR‐376c in cervical cancer and to clarify the regulation of BMI1 by miR‐376c. Quantitative RT‐PCR was used to measure miR‐376c expression in cervical cancer tissues and cell lines. The cell proliferation, cell cycle and Transwell invasion assays were performed. A luciferase reporter assay was conducted to confirm the target gene of miR‐376c, and the results were validated in cervical cancer cell lines and tissues. MiR‐376c was significantly downregulated in cervical cancer cell lines and clinical tissues. Upregulation of miR‐376c impaired cell proliferation, blocked G1/S checkpoint of cell cycle and suppressed cell invasion in vitro. BMI1 was verified as a direct target of miR‐376c, which was further confirmed by the inverse expression of miR‐376c and BMI1 in patient specimens. The newly identified miR‐376c/BMI1 pathway provides an insight into cervical cancer progression and may represent a novel therapeutic target.
Public and parental perceptions of and concerns with advertising to preschool children
Authors: Watkins Leah , Aitken Robert , Robertson Kirsten , Thyne Maree 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDespite the increasing attention paid by advertisers to preschool children as consumers, little academic attention has been paid to its implications or its consequences. To address this, the following article reports on two independent New Zealand studies of public and parental concerns about the nature and extent of television advertising to preschool children. Results show high levels of concern with the effects of advertising on preschool children and considerable support for its regulation. Importantly, the findings also reveal a fundamental concern with the normalisation of consumption values and promotion of material culture as consequences of advertising exposure not previously identified in the literature. The findings provide useful evidence to inform public policy recommendations and suggestions for future research.
Chemotherapy for metastatic castration‐sensitive prostate cancer
Authors: Parimi Sunil , Chi Kim N 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIncorporation of docetaxel into metastatic castration‐sensitive prostate cancer treatment has added a new treatment option to a disease state that had previously not seen change for decades. Early attempts of a chemo‐hormonal approach for castration‐sensitive prostate cancer were not successful. With the demonstration of survival benefits using docetaxel in patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer, this encouraged continued research with docetaxel given earlier in the disease course. Three randomized phase III trials have defined the benefits of docetaxel in the metastatic castration‐sensitive prostate cancer setting; however, there remain questions and controversies on the appropriate and optimal patient selection.
Endovascular thrombectomy for acute ischaemic stroke: a real‐world experience
Authors: Cappelen‐Smith C. , Cordato D. , Calic Z. , Cheung A. , Wenderoth J. 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundEndovascular thrombectomy for acute ischaemic stroke due to proximal vessel occlusions in the anterior cerebral circulation within 6 h of stroke onset is now recognised as highly beneficial. Five randomised controlled trials in 2015 showed significant improvement in functional outcome at 90 days compared with intravenous thrombolysis alone. Liverpool Hospital is a tertiary referral centre with an acute stroke service, including 24/7 intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy.AimTo determine whether good functional outcomes with endovascular thrombectomy are achievable in patients with acute ischaemic stroke under ‘real‐world conditions’ at an Australian tertiary referral centre.MethodsA retrospective analysis of functional outcomes and mortality of 33 consecutive patients undergoing endovascular thrombectomy for acute ischaemic stroke in the anterior circulation at Liverpool Hospital over 24 months (2014–2015), including 13 ‘drip and ship’ patients transferred from other centres.ResultsFunctional outcomes defined as 90‐day modified Rankin scale (mRS) were similar to published trials with a good outcome noted in 39.4% (mRS 0–2) of patients. Lower admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score and shorter time to recanalisation from stroke onset correlated with good outcome (P < 0.05). Outcomes were not statistically different between the local and transferred cases. Mortality was not higher than historical rates for anterior circulation strokes due to proximal vessel lesions.ConclusionsThis cohort of patients with anterior cerebral circulation occlusions was treated outside the well‐resourced situation of clinical trials and good functional outcomes are similar. The study translates endovascular thrombectomy to a ‘real‐world’ situation.