bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The protective effect and mechanism of Tibetan medicine Aconitum tanguticum(Maxim.) Stapf on acute lung injury
Authors: Meng Xiang , Liu YuPeng , Dai JiaWei , Hu Xin , Bai Yuan , Azhar Muhammad , Huang Xianju 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Ethnopharmacological relevance
Aconitum tanguticum(Maxim.) Stapf (ATS) is a rare Tibetan medicine belonging to the genus Ranunculaceae. This herb is mainly distributed in the high altitude’s areas of Qinghai, Gansu and Tibet province in China. In Tibetan medicine, ATS is mainly used for lung inflammation disease, hepatitis, gastrointestinal diseases, influenza, fever caused by infectious diseases, food poisoning, snake and scorpion bite and yellow water disease. ATS contains anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and other pharmacological effects, according to recent investigations. Commonly utilized in the manufacture of Tibetan medicine is ATS. It is well-liked by individuals of many ethnic groups and has been utilized in Tibetan medicine for thousands of years.
Aim of the Study
This work seeks to examine the preventive effects of ATS, an alcoholic extract of the Tibetan medicinal Aconitum tanguticum (Maxim.) Stapf, on acute lung injury (ALI) in mice and to identify its possible mechanism.
Materials and methods
Alveolar epithelial cells A549 and mice were induced with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish ALI models in vivo and in vitro, and to explore the pharmacological effect and therapeutic mechanism of ATS.
Results
ATS down-regulates the mRNA levels of inflammatory factors NFκB p65, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, inhibits the release of ROS and inhibits the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process caused by sustained cell injury; promotes Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, reduced the degree of oxidative stress in vivo and the production of proteins linked to ferroptosis that are produced by LPS.
Conclusion
The Tibetan medicine ATS can reduce pulmonary hemorrhage and pulmonary edema in ALI mice, alleviate the degree of lung tissue lesions, inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors and inhibit cell apoptosis, play a protective role in ALI, and can be used as an effective drug for the design of ALI.
Optimization of Tepi town landfill siting using geospatial technologies and Analytical hierarchy process (AHP).
Authors: Bedasa Gemeda , Gudina Shibiru , Kassahun Sinke 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Solid wastes are items from homes, businesses, supermarkets, building sites, and municipalities that are neither liquid nor gaseous. Urban administrators play a pivotal role in managing solid waste to prevent environmental and health hazards. Effective waste management is essential to avoid contamination, soil degradation, and greenhouse gas emissions, which can harm human health and urban infrastructure. Implementing robust waste management systems is crucial to protecting the environment, public health, and the economic vitality of urban areas. Geospatial analysis and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) are important in selecting suitable landfill sites. In this study, geospatial multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) and the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) were utilized to select a suitable landfill site within Tepi town. Using ArcGIS software version 10.8, nine suitability modeling methodologies: distance from the river, distance from urban areas, slope, distance from wells, wind direction, elevation, distance from lineament, distance from road, and distance from water pipeline were applied to generate a waste disposal suitability map. The weights of the variables and sub-themes were calculated using AHP and GIS techniques to produce the final suitability map. The study revealed that 1.958% of the area is very highly suitable, 9.60% is suitable, 50.218% is moderately suitable, 38.225% is less suitable, and the remainder is unsuitable for waste disposal. The most suitable areas are located in the northwest, meeting all criteria, while central regions near urban centers are deemed unsuitable for landfill sites due to their potential impacts on the urban environment.
Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of extract and fractions from Helichrysum faradifani Scott- Elliot (Asteraceae)
Authors: RANDRIATSALAMA Angelo , RANAIVOARISOA Rianatiana , RANDRIAMIALINORO Faliarivony , RAKOTONANDRASANA Stephan Richard , RAKOTOARISOA Falitiana Marrino , RASOARIVELO Tiana Sylvia RALAMBONIRINA , RASOANAIVO Herilala Léa RANAIVOARISOA , RAZAFINTSALAMA Vahinalahaja Eliane 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background Helichrysum Faradifani Scott-Elliot (Asteraceae), an indigenous endemic plant from Madagascar, is widely used in Malagasy traditional medicine. Crushed juice from leaves is used as a disinfectant to heal wounds, boils, and urinary infections. The aim of the research was to evaluate its antioxidant activity, quantify total flavonoid content, and identify the plant's antibacterial properties.
Methods Study plants were collected, shade dried, pulverized.The aqueous extract obtained by decoction was partitioned using liquid-liquid to produce hexane, ethyl acetate, and butanol fractions. Phytochemical screening was carried out, followed by flavonoid content, antioxidant and, antibacterial tests. Phytochemical screening was carried out using standard test methods.The total flavonoid content of the aqueous extract was determined by UV spectrophotometry using the method of colorimetry with 2% aluminum trichloride Antioxidant activity was assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay.Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using 96-well microplates and microdilution in nutrient broth. Results were analyzed by ANOVA using Tukey's test.
Results Biological tests demonstrated antioxidant activity of aqueous extract with 50% inhibitory concentrations of free radicals at 26.3 ± 1.0, 24.7 ± 2.6, 17.8 ± 1.3, and 9.5 ± 0.1 µg/ml, respectively, and a flavonoid content of 286.6 ± 9.4 μg EQ/mg in the aqueous fraction, which is the most commonly used in popular medicine. Furthermore, the aqueous, hexane, and ethyl acetate fractions showed antibacterial efficacy against four bacterial strains: Bacillus cereus, Bacillus anthracis, Clostridium perfringens, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The minimum inhibitory concentrations varied from 31.25 to 1000 µg/mL.The minimum bactericidal concentrations were 250 to 500 µg/mL.
Conclusion These findings show an important quantity of phenolic compounds in an aqueous extract of the aerial part of Helichrysum faradifani. It shows the potential antioxidant and antibacterial effects of Helichrysum faradifani extracts. This highlights the potential interest in exploiting the advantages of this plant in phytomedicine, and its activities have demonstrated its importance in folk medicine.
DAA:Dynamic attention allocation improves large-scale model reasoning
Authors: Yang Yong , Yang TingTing , Gao shaoshuai , Ning jiahong , Kong lingzheng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The Transformer architecture has signifi- cantly advanced natural language processing (NLP) and has been foundational in devel- oping large language models (LLMs) such as LLaMA and ChatGPT. Despite their supe- rior accuracy, LLMs present unique challenges in practical inference, concerning the compute and memory-intensive nature. Multi-Head At- tention is one of the key components of LLMs, which can account for over 50% of LLMs mem- ory and compute requirement.We observe that there is a high degree of redundancy among heads about which tokens they pay attention to in different sequences. Based on this find- ing, we propose Dynamic Head Attention Al- location (DAA). DAA combines two-stage at- tention heads with a high amount of correla- tion for self-attention within chunks and lay- ers, which combines both local and global at- tention, thus reducing both memory and com- pute.
Optimized Chelator and Nanoparticle Strategies for High-Activity 103Pd-Loaded Biodegradable Brachytherapy Seeds
Authors: Sporer Emanuel , Deville Claire , Straathof Natan J.W. , Bruun Linda M. , Köster Ulli , Jensen Mikael , Andresen Thomas L. , Kempen Paul J. , Henriksen Jonas R. , Jensen Andreas I. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background.
Brachytherapy (BT) is routinely used in the treatment of various cancers. Current BT relies on the placement of large sources of radioactivity at the tumor site, requiring applicators that may cause local traumas and lesions. Further, they suffer from inflexibility in where they can be placed and some sources reside permanently in the body, causing potential long-term discomfort. These issues can be circumvented through injectable sources, prepared as biodegradable materials containing radionuclides that form solid seeds after administration. The level of radioactivity contained in such seeds must be sufficient to achieve substantial local irradiation. In this report, we investigate two different strategies for biodegradable BT seeds
Results.
The first strategy entails injectable seeds based on 103Pd-labeled palladium-gold alloy nanoparticles ([103Pd]PdAuNPs). These were prepared by combining [103Pd]PdH2Cl4 and AuHCl4, followed by lipophilic surface coating and dispersed in lactose octaisobutyrate and ethanol (LOIB:EtOH), in overall radiochemical yield (RCY) of 83%. With the second strategy, [103Pd]Pd-SSIB was prepared by conjugating the [16]aneS4 chelator with lipophilic sucrose septaisobutyrate (SSIB) followed by complexation with [103Pd]PdH2Cl4 (RCY = 99%) and mixed with LOIB:EtOH. [103Pd]Pd-SSIB was likewise formulated as injectable seeds by mixing with LOIB. Both formulations reached activities of 1.0-1.5 GBq/mL and negligible release of radioactivity after injection of 100 µL (100–150 MBq) into aqueous buffer or mouse serum of less than 1% over one month.
Conclusion.
Both strategies for forming injectable BT seeds containing high 103Pd activity resulted in high radiolabeling yields, high activity per seed, and high activity retention. We consider both strategies suitable for BT, with the preferable strategy using a [16]aneS4 chelator due to its higher biodegradability.
Analyzing The Occupational Exposure Risks of Dental Healthcare Workers from The Perspective of Repeated Occupational Exposure
Authors: Xu Jia , Pan Peiyue , Song Fuyu , Gu Yun , Xiong Qiao , Liu Zhiqing , Zhou Yi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Healthcare workers in dental hospitals frequently experience repeated occupational exposures (ROEs). In our study, we aim to analyze these repeated exposures among dental healthcare workers (DHWs), assess the risk levels of different risk factors, and explore the significance of ROE data for infection control in dental hospitals.
Methods
Based on hospital statistical data, we categorized the occupational exposure incidents at West China Hospital of Stomatology over the past seven years into initial and repeated exposures. We analyzed the association of various risk factors, including gender, personnel types, treatment locations, timing of occupational exposure, and pathways of occupational exposure, with the occurrence of repeated exposures. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 21 was used to conduct chi-square analysis and binary logistic regression analysis, with the significance level set at p < 0.05.
Results
Compared to students, hospital dentists with teaching qualifications exhibited a higher risk of ROEs. The risk of repeated exposure for dental students was only 0.4 times that of hospital dentists (P=0.003). However, gender, treatment locations, timing of occupational exposure, and pathways of occupational exposure did not significantly impact the repeated exposures among DHWs.
Conclusions
Analyzing ROEs provides practical insights. In dental teaching hospitals, hospital dentists with teaching qualifications, who are often considered experienced, have the highest risk of ROEs. This suggests that the focus of educational efforts should be directed towards this kind of DHWs.
Coarse-Grained Fundamental Forms for Characterizing Isometries of Trapezoid-based Origami Metamaterials
Authors: McInerney James , Misseroni Diego , Paulino Glaucio , Rocklin D. , Mao Xiaoming 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Investigations of origami tessellations as effective media reveal the ability to program the components of their elasticity tensor. However, existing efforts focus on crease patterns that are composed of parallelogram faces where the parallel lines constrain the quasi-static elastic response. In this work, crease patterns composed of more general trapezoid faces are considered and their low-energy linear response is explored. Deformations of such origami tessellations are modeled as linear isometries that do not stretch individual panels at the small scale yet map to non-isometric changes of coarse-grained fundamental forms that quantify how the effective medium strains and curves at the large scale. Two distinct mode shapes, a rigid breathing mode and a nonrigid shearing mode, are identified in the continuum model. A specific example, called Morph-derivative trapezoid-based origami, is presented with analytical expressions for its deformations in both the discrete and continuous models. A developable specimen is fabricated and tested to validate the analytical predictions. This work advances the continuum modeling of origami tessellations as effective media with the incorporation of more generic faces and ground states, thereby enabling the investigation of novel designs and applications.
FC_C3D: A human behavior recognition method based on 3D fully convolutional network
Authors: Chen Xiaoqing , Lei Liang , Liu Xuehan , Zhao Jin , Chen Yi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Focusing on the problem of computational resources and storage space limitations faced by C3D convolutional neural network models when deployed in edge computing devices, this paper proposes a lightweight behavior recognition method for FC_C3D networks. Firstly, a lightweight 3D convolution scheme is proposed to reduce the model parameters by optimizing the number of 3D convolutional layers and introducing a batch normalization layer. Secondly, a network structure in full convolutional form is designed with adaptive mean pooling and convolutional classification to significantly reduce the computational resource requirements. Finally, the Adam gradient descent optimizer and Mish activation function are used to accelerate model convergence and improve accuracy. The experimental results demonstrate that the accuracy of this paper's method on the UCF101 dataset as well as the HMDB51 dataset is improved by 39.6% and 36.7%, respectively, the number of parameters is reduced by 85%, and the operation speed is improved by 18.1%.
Polarization vortices of thermal emission
Authors: Liu Hui , Zhang Ye , Wang Qiang , Xiao Meng , Liu Tao , Zhong Fan , Lai Zhenxin , Zhu Shining 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Polarization singularities, crucial constituents of singular optics, manifest as vortices of polarization states. Recent progress has linked polarization vortices with bound states in the continuum (BICs) in optical waves. However, this association has not been explored in the realm of thermal emission, which holds the potential for generating arbitrary polarizations in a single thermal emitter. Here, we implement a polarization vortex thermal emitter (PVTE) based on BICs in a photonic crystal slab (PCS), allowing for the generation of various polarization states simultaneously along different directions. Using a custom-designed polarized angle-resolved thermal emission spectrometer (PARTES), we experimentally confirm polarization vortices of thermal emission originating from BICs with different charges and types. The proposed PVTEs present novel avenues for controlling thermal emission and show promising applications in infrared optical technology.
Domestic violence attitudes and responses in UK ethnic minority and migrant communities and the role of religious and cultural influences: A qualitative study
Authors: Istratii Romina , Paszkiewicz Natalia , Ahmed Aysha , King Elsabeth Gezahegn , Ali Parveen , Feder Gene 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The current paper presents findings from qualitative research on domestic violence and abuse (DVA) with Christians and Muslims from Ethiopian, Eritrean and Bangladeshi communities in the United Kingdom (UK). The study explored understandings of and attitudes towards DVA and responses that integrated cultural and religious establishments and resources in ethnic minority faith communities. Qualitative research was conducted with the help of community-based researchers. Three researchers conducted 16 interviews and one focus group discussion with eight participants (total n = 24). The study added to the existing evidence on barriers that DVA victims from ethnic minority faith communities face in migration contexts, adding insight into the complex interaction between norms and pressures at country of origin and conditions in the host society, and the role of religious beliefs in this relationship. The study also reinforced the significant role that religious establishments and mediators can play in domestic violence responses, but also their general unpreparedness to do so. Participants proposed that integrating religious institutions and resources in DVA responses would be an effective way forward.
Prevalence of depression and associated factors among patients with epilepsy at public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Institution based cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sayid Bemnet Yacobe , Tilinty Haileleul Mekonnen , Teka Abel Melese , Bedane Kidist Abomsa , Yemane Nahom Zewdu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: People with epilepsy are more susceptible to psychiatric illnesses. The prevalence of depression is greater among people with epilepsy than among the general population. More severe co-morbid depression with epilepsy is linked to a poorer overall prognosis and a lower quality of life.
Objective: This study assessed the prevalence of depression and associated factors among patients with epilepsy at public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Methods: An institution based cross sectional study was conducted from July 1-30, 2023, among 591 epileptic patients in the follow-up units of Eka Kotebe General Hospital, St. Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College and Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College. The study participants were selected via a systematic random sampling technique. A descriptive statistical method was used to generate frequencies and percentages. A Binary logistic regression model was used to assess the associations between independent variables and depression among epileptic patients. AORs were calculated and independent variables with p-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered significantly associated with depression among epileptic patients. The final model fitness was checked using the Hosmer- Lemshow goodness of fit test.
Results: The prevalence of depression was 42.6%. Residence[AOR=0.26, 95% CI (0.17-0.39)], seizure frequency per month[AOR=2.24, 95% CI (1.23-4.10)], frequency of drug[AOR=1.98, 95% CI (1.19-3.28)] and social support[AOR=0.33, 95%CI (0.21-0.52) for moderate social support and AOR=0.46, 95% CI (0.28-0.77) for strong social support]were found to be significantly associated with depression.
Conclusion: The prevalence of depression among patients with epilepsy at public hospitals in Addis Ababa was high. Healthcare professionals should emphasize epileptic patients with higher seizure frequency per month, a higher frequency of drug use and poor social support.Minster of health Should incorporate depression screening measures into existing epilepsy programs.
An Experimental Study of the Breakdown of Dolomite in H2O at 700 °C, 100 MPa
Authors: Labotka Theodore C. , Cole David R. , DeAngelis Michael T. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The occurence of periclase in contact-metamorphosed dolomite rock at modest temperature and pressure indicates an inltration of H2O because of the otherwise high temperature required for the reaction dolomite → periclase + calcite + CO2. We conducted experiments on the breakdown of dolomite in the presence of H2O at 700 °C, 100 MPa. Grains of dolomite, 175 – 250 μm in radius, were heated for up to thirty-two days (32 d). Rims of multigrain calcite and periclase formed around dolomite cores with ~ 50% of the dolomite replaced by 32 d. The growth of the rim is similar to that for previous experiments conducted with cores of dolomite rock and follows a square root of time (t) relation. The decrease in dolomite-core radius with t suggests that the rate is controlled by diffusion of CO2 and H2O through the reaction rim. The results can be modeled by the topochemical or “shrinking-core” model, in which the unreacted grain core shrinks as r=r0−κt with a kinetic parameter κ of 6.76 ± 0.6 × 10−4μm2/s (0.0213 mm2/y). The model predicts that dolomite grains of up to 2 mm in radius would disappear in &lt; 200 y. In a rock undergoing metamorphism at the conditions of the experiments, the reaction zone grows to a width ranging from &lt; 2 mm to &gt; 800 mm, depending on the radius of the grains in the rock. The porosity grows rapidly, and CO2 is released abundantly at the beginning of reaction near the leading edge of the periclase isograd. The shrinking-core process occurs as long as the intergranular fluid is H2O rich, requiring a modest, minimum flux sufficient to displace the evolved CO2. The common replacement of periclase by brucite observed in nature was not seen in our experiments. Rather, the quench phase was the magnesium-carbonate hydrate nesquehonite, suggesting the brucite forms only in very CO2-poor fluid.
The Clinicopathological and Prognostic Significance of the Expression of PD-L1 and MET Genes in Breast Cancer: Potential Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Al-Diabat Muhsen , Ayoub Nehad M. , AL-Eitan Laith , Alshorman Moath , Shatnawi Aymen 
Published: October 2024

Introduction:
The heterogeneity of breast cancer requires exploring novel prognostic biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets for the treatment of the disease.

Methods:
The METABRIC dataset was used to describe the gene expression of the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and the hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET) and their association with the tumor clinicopathologic characteristics and overall survival in breast cancer.

Results:
The expression of the PD-L1 and MET genes correlated positively with the Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI) (p=0.003 and p < 0.001, respectively). The expression of the two genes correlated inversely with luminal A and luminal B tumors (r= – 0.089, p= 0.021 and r= – 0.116, p= 0.013, respectively). The PD-L1 mRNA levels were significantly higher in hormone recep-tor-negative and HER2-positive tumors. MET mRNA expression levels were significantly high-er in hormone receptor-negative, HER2-enriched, and non-luminal breast cancers. The PD-L1/MET double-high expression was associated with younger age of patients at diagnosis, high-er NPI scores, larger tumors, advanced stage, high-grade, hormone receptor-negativity, HER2-positivity, and non-luminal tumors. None of the genes or their double expression status was sig-nificantly associated with overall survival in this analysis.

Conclusion:
The expression of the PD-L1 and MET genes is remarkably associated with worse tumor clinicopathologic features and poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer. Further in-vestigations using combination drug regimens targeting PD-L1 and MET are important, particu-larly in breast tumors expressing high levels of both proteins.