bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aroma characterization of freshly‐distilled French brandies; their specificity and variability within a limited geographic area
Authors: Malfondet Nicolas , Gourrat Karine , Brunerie Pascal , Le Quéré Jean‐Luc 
Published: May 2016

AbstractFreshly‐distilled French wine brandies were evaluated by gas chromatography‐olfactometry (GC‐O). Six brandy samples were studied, coming from two growth areas, both belonging to the same limited geographic zone, which is a homogeneous vineyard area. The GC‐O methodology, using detection frequency analysis, revealed 88 olfactive areas (OAs) for which the detection frequency was ≥ 25%. OAs were then identified using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry in electron and chemical ionization modes and semi‐quantified by internal normalization using gas‐chromatography with flame ionization detection. Co‐eluting species were separated by multidimensional gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry/olfactometry (MDGC‐MS/O). Eleven new molecules were tentatively identified for the first time in brandy, as impact odorant compounds: ethyl prop‐2‐enoate, 2‐furfuryl formate, 1,2,4,5‐tetramethylbenzene, (Z)‐ocimenol, 1,4,6‐trimethyl‐1,2‐dihydronaphthalene, 2‐ethoxybenzyl alcohol, 2‐ethylhexanoic acid, 2‐phenoxyethanol, 4‐hydroxy‐3‐methylacetophenone, 4‐(2,3,6‐trimethylphenyl)butan‐2‐one and 2,3‐dihydrofarnesol. Composition and perception differences between samples according to their origin were investigated. Statistical analyses on OA detection frequencies and semi‐quantitative data were used to distinguish the samples. A lot of variables appeared to be common to all spirits, and may represent an aromatic background for the brandies, characteristic of the geographic zone. Although a few particular OAs were found more relevant in particular samples, no growth area‐specific compound was identified. Therefore, differences between spirits are more likely due to an aromatic balance between concentrations of a set of common molecules, among which ethyl esters and alcohols played a prominent role, rather than the presence of specific compounds with unique aromas. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toward a cumulative science of functional integration: A meta‐analysis of psychophysiological interactions
Authors: Smith David V. , Gseir Mouad , Speer Megan E. , Delgado Mauricio R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMuch of the work in cognitive neuroscience is shifting from a focus on single brain regions to a focus on the connectivity between multiple brain regions. These inter‐regional connectivity patterns contribute to a wide range of behaviors and are studied with models of functional integration. The rapid expansion of the literature on functional integration offers an opportunity to scrutinize the consistency and specificity of one of the most popular approaches for quantifying connectivity: psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analysis. We performed coordinate‐based meta‐analyses on 284 PPI studies, which allowed us to test (a) whether those studies consistently converge on similar target regions and (b) whether the identified target regions are specific to the chosen seed region and psychological context. Our analyses revealed two key results. First, we found that different types of PPI studies—e.g., those using seeds such as amygdala and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and contexts such as emotion and cognitive control, respectively—each consistently converge on similar target regions, thus supporting the reliability of PPI as a tool for studying functional integration. Second, we also found target regions that were specific to the chosen seed region and psychological context, indicating distinct patterns of brain connectivity. For example, the DLPFC seed reliably contributed to a posterior cingulate cortex target during cognitive control but contributed to an amygdala target in other contexts. Our results point to the robustness of PPI while highlighting common and distinct patterns of functional integration, potentially advancing models of brain connectivity. Hum Brain Mapp 37:2904–2917, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The functional connectome of cognitive reserve
Authors: Marques Paulo , Moreira Pedro , Magalhães Ricardo , Costa Patrício , Santos Nadine , Zihl Josef , Soares José , Sousa Nuno 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCognitive Reserve (CR) designates the brain's capacity to actively cope with insults through a more efficient use of its resources/networks. It was proposed in order to explain the discrepancies between the observed cognitive ability and the expected capacity for an individual. Typical proxies of CR include education and Intelligence Quotient but none totally account for the variability of CR and no study has shown if the brain's greater efficiency associated with CR can be measured. We used a validated model to estimate CR from the residual variance in memory and general executive functioning, accounting for both brain anatomical (i.e., gray matter and white matter signal abnormalities volume) and demographic variables (i.e., years of formal education and sex). Functional connectivity (FC) networks and topological properties were explored for associations with CR. Demographic characteristics, mainly accounted by years of formal education, were associated with higher FC, clustering, local efficiency and strength in parietal and occipital regions and greater network transitivity. Higher CR was associated with a greater FC, local efficiency and clustering of occipital regions, strength and centrality of the inferior temporal gyrus and higher global efficiency. Altogether, these findings suggest that education may facilitate the brain's ability to form segregated functional groups, reinforcing the view that higher education level triggers more specialized use of neural processing. Additionally, this study demonstrated for the first time that CR is associated with more efficient processing of information in the human brain and reinforces the existence of a fine balance between segregation and integration. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3310–3322, 2016.. © 2016 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Testosterone administration in females modulates moral judgment and patterns of brain activation and functional connectivity
Authors: Chen Chenyi , Decety Jean , Huang Pin‐Chia , Chen Chin‐Yau , Cheng Yawei 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMorality is defined as prescriptive norms regarding how people should treat one another, and includes concepts of fairness, justice, and rights. One recent study with moral dilemmas suggested that testosterone administration increases utilitarian judgments, which depends on second‐to‐fourth (2D: 4D) digit ratio, as a proxy of prenatal priming. However, the neural mechanism by which acute testosterone modulates moral reasoning remains to be determined. Using a placebo‐controlled within‐subject design, the current study examined the neuromodulatory effect of testosterone in young females by combining moral dilemmas, 2D: 4D, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and subjective ratings of morally laden scenarios. Results showed that testosterone administration elicited more utilitarian responses to evitable dilemmas. The high 2D: 4D group scored more punishments for moral evaluation, whereas the low 2D: 4D group did the opposite. The activity in the amygdala, anterior insular cortex, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) was increased when participants evaluated morally unorthodox actions (intentional harm). The activity in the posterior superior temporal sulcus/temporoparietal junction (pSTS/TPJ) to accidental harm was decreased, specific to the high 2D: 4D group. The functional connectivity between the amygdala and dlPFC was reduced. The activity in the pSTS/TPJ to perceived agency predicted utilitarian responses to evitable dilemmas. The findings demonstrate the acute effect of testosterone on neural responses associated with moral judgment, and provide evidence to support that prenatal sex‐hormones priming could be important for early neurodevelopment, which plays a crucial role in the neural and behavioral manifestations of testosterone on adult moral reasoning. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3417–3430, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nasoseptal flap for reconstruction after robotic radical tonsillectomy
Authors: Pinheiro–Neto Carlos D. , Galati Lisa T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe nasoseptal flap has revolutionized reconstruction of ventral skull base defects. The past decade is also noticeable by the evolution of transoral robotic surgery (TORS). Reconstruction of the oropharyngeal defect is challenging. Good reconstructive options with less cicatricial retraction are desirable and still lacking in the literature.MethodsCadaver dissection and illustrative case are used to show the feasibility of harvesting a nasoseptal flap to reconstruct oropharyngeal defect after radical tonsillectomy. Surgical resection included part of the soft palate and tongue base.ResultsThe flap was sufficient to cover two‐thirds of the tonsillar defect during the cadaver dissection. In our illustrative case, the flap filled the palatal defect and also was sufficient to cover the superior half of the tonsillar defect.ConclusionThe nasoseptal flap has shown to be feasible and reliable for reconstruction of the oropharyngeal defect after TORS. When soft palate resection is warranted, this flap provides excellent coverage. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E2495–E2498, 2016
Persistent impacts to the deep soft-bottom benthos one year after the Deepwater Horizon event
Authors: Montagna Paul A , Baguley Jeffrey G , Cooksey Cynthia , Hyland Jeffrey L 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

In fall 2010, several months after the Deepwater Horizon blowout was capped, zones of moderate and severe impacts to deep-sea, soft-bottom benthos were identified that together extended over an area of 172 km2. A subset of stations sampled in 2010 was resampled in May and June 2011, 10 to 11 months after the event, to determine whether the identified adverse effects were persisting. The design compared 20 stations from the combined moderate and severe impact zone to 12 stations in the reference zone that were sampled in both years. There were no statistically significant differences in contaminant concentrations between the impact and nonimpact zones from 2010 to 2011, which indicates contaminants persisted after 1 y. Whereas there were some signs of recovery in 2011 (particularly for the meiofauna abundance and diversity), there was evidence of persistent, statistically significant impacts to both macrofauna and meiofauna community structure. Macrofaunal taxa richness and diversity in 2011 were still 22.8% and 35.9% less, respectively, in the entire impact zone than in the surrounding nonimpact area, and meiofaunal richness was 28.5% less in the entire impact zone than in the surrounding area. The persistence of significant biodiversity losses and community structure change nearly 1 y after the wellhead was capped indicates that full recovery had yet to have occurred in 2011. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:342–351. © 2016 SETAC

Key Points
Contaminants from the Deepwater Horizon blowout persisted for 1 y in the deep sea. Persistent community structure change occurred for both macrofauna and meiofauna communities within 1 to 3 km of the wellhead. Biodiversity loss persisted for both macrofauna and meiofauna taxa richness. Persistent contaminants, biodiversity losses, and community structure change in the impact zone indicate little recovery in the deep sea 1 y after the spill.
Characterization of three human cell line models for high‐throughput neuronal cytotoxicity screening
Authors: Tong Zhi‐Bin , Hogberg Helena , Kuo David , Sakamuru Srilatha , Xia Menghang , Smirnova Lena , Hartung Thomas , Gerhold David 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMore than 75 000 man‐made chemicals contaminate the environment; many of these have not been tested for toxicities. These chemicals demand quantitative high‐throughput screening assays to assess them for causative roles in neurotoxicities, including Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. To facilitate high throughput screening for cytotoxicity to neurons, three human neuronal cellular models were compared: SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, LUHMES conditionally‐immortalized dopaminergic neurons, and Neural Stem Cells (NSC) derived from human fetal brain. These three cell lines were evaluated for rapidity and degree of differentiation, and sensitivity to 32 known or candidate neurotoxicants. First, expression of neural differentiation genes was assayed during a 7‐day differentiation period. Of the three cell lines, LUHMES showed the highest gene expression of neuronal markers after differentiation. Both in the undifferentiated state and after 7 days of neuronal differentiation, LUHMES cells exhibited greater cytotoxic sensitivity to most of 32 suspected or known neurotoxicants than SH‐SY5Y or NSCs. LUHMES cells were also unique in being more susceptible to several compounds in the differentiating state than in the undifferentiated state; including known neurotoxicants colchicine, methyl‐mercury (II), and vincristine. Gene expression results suggest that differentiating LUHMES cells may be susceptible to apoptosis because they express low levels of anti‐apoptotic genes BCL2 and BIRC5/survivin, whereas SH‐SY5Y cells may be resistant to apoptosis because they express high levels of BCL2, BIRC5/survivin, and BIRC3 genes. Thus, LUHMES cells exhibited favorable characteristics for neuro‐cytotoxicity screening: rapid differentiation into neurons that exhibit high level expression neuronal marker genes, and marked sensitivity of LUHMES cells to known neurotoxicants. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
3T MRI investigation of cardiac left ventricular structure and function in a UK population: The tayside screening for the prevention of cardiac events (TASCFORCE) study
Authors: Gandy Stephen J. , Lambert Matthew , Belch Jill , Cavin Ian , Crowe Elena , Littleford Roberta , MacFarlane Jennifer A. , Matthew Shona Z. , Martin Patricia , Nicholas R. Stephen , Struthers Allan , Sullivan Frank , Waugh Shelley A. , White Richard D. , Weir‐McCall Jonathan R. , Houston J. Graeme 
Published: May 2016

PurposeTo scan a volunteer population using 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI of the left ventricular (LV) structure and function in healthy volunteers has been reported extensively at 1.5T.Materials and MethodsA population of 1528 volunteers was scanned. A standardized approach was taken to acquire steady‐state free precession (SSFP) LV data in the short‐axis plane, and images were quantified using commercial software. Six observers undertook the segmentation analysis.ResultsMean values (±standard deviation, SD) were: ejection fraction (EF) = 69 ± 6%, end diastolic volume index (EDVI) = 71 ± 13 ml/m2, end systolic volume index (ESVI) = 22 ± 7 ml/m2, stroke volume index (SVI) = 49 ± 8 ml/m2, and LV mass index (LVMI) = 55 ± 12 g/m2. The mean EF was slightly larger for females (69%) than for males (68%), but all other variables were smaller for females (EDVI 68v77 ml/m2, ESVI 21v25 ml/m2, SVI 46v52 ml/m2, LVMI 49v64 g/m2, all P < 0.05). The mean LV volume data mostly decreased with each age decade (EDVI males: –2.9 ± 1.3 ml/m2, females: –3.1 ± 0.8 ml/m2; ESVI males: –1.3 ± 0.7 ml/m2, females: –1.7 ± 0.5 ml/m2; SVI males: –1.7 ± 0.9 ml/m2, females: –1.4 ± 0.6 ml/m2; LVMI males: –1.6 ± 1.1 g/m2, females: –0.2 ± 0.6 g/m2) but the mean EF was virtually stable in males (0.6 ± 0.6%) and rose slightly in females (1.2 ± 0.5%) with age.ConclusionLV reference ranges are provided in this population‐based MR study at 3.0T. The variables are similar to those described at 1.5T, including variations with age and gender. These data may help to support future population‐based MR research studies that involve the use of 3.0T MRI scanners. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:1186–1196.
Genotype, environment and G × E interaction influence (1,3;1,4)‐β‐d‐glucan fine structure in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Authors: Cory Aron T , Gangola Manu P , Anyia Anthony , Båga Monica , Chibbar Ravindra N 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe structure of β‐glucan influences its use in cereal‐based foods and feed. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of environment (E) and genotype (G) on β‐glucan fine structure and its genetic control in two‐row spring barley with normal starch characteristics.RESULTSA population of 89 recombinant inbred lines, derived from the cross of two‐row spring barley genotypes Merit × H93174006 (H92076F1 × TR238), was characterized for concentration and structure of grain β‐glucan in two environments. Results showed that concentrations of β‐glucan, DP3, DP4 and DP3 + DP4 were positively correlated with each other, suggesting no preference for DP3 or DP4 subunit production in high‐ or low‐β‐glucan lines. The concentrations of β‐glucan, DP3, DP4 and DP3:DP4 ratios were significantly influenced by genotype and environment. However, only DP3:DP4 ratio showed a significant effect of G × E interaction. Association mapping of candidate markers in 119 barley genotypes showed that marker CSLF6_4105 was associated with β‐glucan concentration, whereas Bmac504 and Bmac211 were associated with DP3:DP4 ratio. Bmac273e was associated with both β‐glucan concentration and DP3:DP4 ratio.CONCLUSIONThe grain β‐glucan concentration and DP3:DP4 ratio are strongly affected by genotype and environment. Single‐marker analyses suggested that the genetic control of β‐glucan concentration and DP3:DP4 ratio was linked to separate chromosomal regions on barley genome. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
A 13‐bit universal column driver for various displays of OLED and LCD
Authors: Ryu Seong‐Young , Baek Dong‐Hoon , Lim Hyun‐Wook , Han Sang‐Kyo , Ryu Kyung‐Ho , Park Kwang‐Hyun , Park Jin‐Yong , Lee Jung‐Min , Kim Tae‐Jin , Lee Jae‐Youl , Kim Gyeong‐Nam 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA universal column driver is implemented in a 0.13‐µm high‐voltage CMOS process for not only TFT‐LCD but also OLED applications. The proposed column driver employs 13‐bit linear DAC to cover all gamma curves of display applications and address‐based configuration for intra‐ panel interface protocol to support both TV and IT applications. Measured results demonstrate the average voltage of output channels (AVO) is under 1mv, which satisfies 1‐LSB resolution at 18.5V of AVDD.
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation improves radiation‐induced fibrosis through Tgf‐Β1/MyoD homeostasis in head and neck cancer
Authors: Peng Grace , Masood Kamil , Gantz Oliver , Sinha Uttam 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to analyze TGF‐β1 and MyoD expression in cervical muscles during radiation therapy (RT) and their role in inducing muscle fibrosis in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. We also studied the effect of combined traditional swallow therapy (TST) and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) therapy on TGF‐β1/MyoD homeostasis in patients undergoing post‐operative RT for HNC.Study DesignCase–control study.MethodsThirty patients, 10 with benign thyroid lesions and non‐radiated muscle (control), and 20 with advanced‐stage HNC receiving primary resection and post‐operative radiation (study group) were enrolled. Patients in the study group were randomly assigned to receive post‐operative RT alone (Group I) or post‐operative RT with TST/NMES therapy (Group II). Intraoperative biopsies were obtained in all 30 patients. In the study groups, biopsies were repeated 4 weeks after completion of RT. TGF‐β1 and MyoD expression were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and Western Blot.ResultsThe control group demonstrated low expression of TGF‐β1 and high expression of MyoD. Following RT, patients in study Group I had high expression of TGF‐β1 and low levels of MyoD. Group II patients demonstrated TGF‐β1 levels more consistent with that of non‐irradiated tissue.ConclusionThe molecular pathogenesis of RT‐induced muscle fibrosis involves the TGF‐β1 pathway and its repression of MyoD expression. Our results suggest a correlation between TST/NMES combined therapy and the restoration of TGF‐β1/MyoD homeostasis in cervical muscles. TST/NMES is a plausible prophylaxis and/or treatment for RT‐induced muscle fibrosis and dysphagia. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:27–31. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Post‐release effects on reintroduced populations of hihi
Authors: Panfylova Julia , Bemelmans Ellis , Devine Chris , Frost Peter , Armstrong Doug 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTModeling survival of reintroduced populations is critical for understanding population dynamics and therefore making appropriate management decisions. We analyzed survival data collected over the first 2 years after a reintroduction of hihi (Notiomystis cincta), an endangered New Zealand forest bird, to Bushy Park, a conservation reserve in New Zealand enclosed by a predator‐exclusion fence. We constructed a set of candidate models representing different hypotheses about the effects of age, sex, and post‐release acclimation on survival, and used model averaging to obtain parameter estimates reflecting the relative support for the models. In combination with fecundity data, we constructed a stochastic population model incorporating uncertainty in parameter estimation, and used this to project population dynamics over the next 10 years. The survival analysis indicated that female survival was unusually low over a 6‐month acclimation period; hence, this initial low survival was not reflected in the estimates of long‐term survival obtained through model averaging. The resulting projections showed that although population growth was highly uncertain, there was a negligible probability of extinction over the next 10 years, therefore indicating that the existing management regime (i.e., supplementary feeding and nest box maintenance) should be continued. In contrast, if post‐release effects had not been accounted for, the projections would have shown a high probability of decline under this management regime. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Biological hot spots and the accumulation of marine dissolved organic matter in a highly productive ocean margin
Authors: Shen Yuan , Fichot Cédric G. , Liang Sheng‐Kang , Benner Ronald 
Published: May 2016

AbstractConcentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and major biochemicals (amino acids and carbohydrates) were measured during five cruises (2009–2010) to the Louisiana margin in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Concentrations of amino acids and carbohydrates were elevated at mid‐salinities and were indicative of plankton production of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in surface waters. Hot spots of two compositionally distinct types of labile DOM were identified based on the relative abundances of amino acids and carbohydrates. Amino acid‐rich hot spots occurred sporadically in regions of high phytoplankton biomass and were mostly observed between dusk and dawn, reflecting a grazing source. In contrast, carbohydrate‐rich hot spots were more widespread and were often found in nutrient‐poor waters, indicating the production of carbon‐rich DOM associated with nutrient limitation. Major biochemical indicators and bioassay experiments indicated labile DOM comprised a relatively small fraction of the DOC. Most DOM was degraded and had a semi‐labile nature. Substantial accumulations of marine (plankton‐derived) DOC were observed in surface waters, particularly at mid‐salinities during the summer. Microbial alteration of marine DOC and nutrient limitation of microbial utilization of carbon‐rich DOM appeared largely responsible for the accumulation of DOC. The reservoir of accumulated marine DOC in the shelf surface mixed layer ranged from 0.11 Tg C to 0.23 Tg C, with the lowest and highest values occurring during winter and summer. Substantial cross‐shelf export of semi‐labile marine DOM occurred during the summer and provided a major carbon and energy subsidy to microbial food webs in offshore waters.