bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scoring Systems for Diagnosis of Acute Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Righini Marc , Wells Philip , Le Gal Grégoire 
Published: May 2017

AbstractModern diagnostic strategies for venous thromboembolism almost all rely on an initial assessment of the pretest probability. Assessing the patient's pretest probability for venous thromboembolism is a critical step in the diagnostic strategy and for therapeutic management. Clinical prediction rules combine medical signs and symptoms to provide accurate and reproducible estimates of the probability of a disease before diagnostic tests are performed. The use of scoring systems in patients with suspected acute venous thromboembolism should be encouraged, as their implementation in guidelines for venous thromboembolism diagnosis results in cost-effective care with improved patient outcomes.
Mikrolaryngoskopie: Eine populationsbezogene Analyse zu Outcome, Komplikationen und Operationsraten
Authors: Gräfe Lisa , Böger Daniel , Büntzel Jens , Eßer Dirk , Hoffmann Kerstin , Jecker Peter , Müller Andreas , Radtke Gerald , Volk Gerd , Koscielny Sven , Guntinas-Lichius Orlando 
Published: May 2017

Zusammenfassung
Obwohl die Mikrolaryngoskopie (MLS) ein integraler Bestandteil der operative HNO-Heilkunde ist, gibt es keine populationsbezogenen Untersuchungen zu den Operationsraten und der Effektivität der MLS in der klinischen Routine.
Alle 616 Patienten, die 2011 in einer der 8 Thüringer HNO-Kliniken eine MLS erhielten, wurden hinsichtlich Patientencharakteristika, Therapie, Komplikationen und Nachuntersuchung analysiert.
Die stationäre Aufnahme erfolge vorrangig wegen einer gutartigen Erkrankung des Larynx (60%) und bei 33% wegen eines Malignoms oder Verdacht auf ein Malignom. Bei Verdacht auf einen gutartigen Prozess wurde dies in 98% der Fälle bestätigt. Der Verdacht auf einen bösartigen Tumor bestätigte die MLS in 51% der Fälle bzw. wurde in 49% ausgeschlossen. Ein transientes Larynxödem (22%) und revisionspflichtige Blutung (1%) waren die häufigsten Komplikationen. Ein Zahnschaden trat in 2 Fällen auf (0,2%). Ein Rezidiv der ursprünglichen Erkrankung wurde in 14% beobachtet. Eine längere Operationszeit war ein unabhängiger Prädiktor für eine postoperative Blutung (p=0,05) oder ein Larynxödem (p=0,013). Eine Re-MLS (p<0,0001) und die endgültige Diagnose eines bösartigen Tumors (p=0,017) waren unabhängige Prädiktoren für ein Rezidiv. Die Operationsrate lag bei 22,98/100000 Einwohner. Die höchste Inzidenz lag beim Patientenalter von 50–59 Jahren mit 39,76/100000. Gutartige Tumoren waren die häufigste Indikation mit einer Rate von 19,33/100000.
Diese populationsbezogene Analyse zeigt dass die MLS eine effektive chirurgische Maßnahme mit geringen Risiken im Alltag des HNO-Arztes ist.
Patienten-Instruktionsvideo mit synchroner Videoaufnahme von Gesichtsbewegungen bei Fazialisparese
Authors: Schaede Rebecca , Volk Gerd , Modersohn Luise , Barth Jodi , Denzler Joachim , Guntinas-Lichius Orlando 
Published: May 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Um die Schwere einer Fazialisparese zu dokumentieren oder um die Schwere mit einem Grading System zu bewerten, werden Photografien und Videoaufnahmen benötigt. Für die Videoaufnahmen gibt es keinen internationalen Standard, was die Vergleichbarkeit von Patientengruppen behindert.
Methoden Es wurde ein Instruktionsvideo entwickelt, in dem Patienten Gesichtsbewegungen vorgemacht werden mit der Aufforderung diese nachzumachen. Während die Instruktionen dem Patienten vorgespielt wurden, wurden die Patienten synchron beim Nachmachen der Gesichtsbewegungen mit handelsüblicher Hardware (Webcam, Bildschirm sowie LED-Beleuchtung) gefilmt. Die mimischen Bewegungsübungen wurden so ausgewählt, dass die Patientenaufnahmen anschließend mit verschiedenen Grading Systemen (House-Brackmann, Sunnybrook, Stennert, Yanagihara) oder auch (semi)automatisch ausgewertet werden konnten. Für die Qualitätskontrolle wurde ein Evaluationsbogen erstellt.
Ergebnisse Das Instruktionsvideo dauert 11 min und 05 s und gliedert sich in 3 Teile: 1) Erklärung des Ablaufs, 2) Vormachen und Nachmachen der mimischen Bewegungen, 3) Nachsprechen von Sätzen für die Analyse der Kommunikationsfähigkeit. Es wurden bisher 13 Probanden und 10 Patienten mit akuter als auch chronischer Fazialisparese gefilmt. Die so gewonnenen Patientenaufnahmen ließen sich nach den oben genannten Grading Systemen auswerten. Die Instruktionen wurden von den Probanden und Patienten als gut erklärt und einfach nachzuahmen bewertet.
Diskussion Es gibt nun ein Instruktionsvideo für die standardisierte Aufzeichnung von Gesichtsbewegungen; dieses sollte zur Bewertung von Fazialisparesen im klinischen Alltag und in Studien verwendet werden, um zukünftig Daten von Patienten innerhalb von internationalen Studien besser vergleichen zu können.
Morphologische Hornhautveränderungen nach Crosslinking bei Keratokonus
Authors: Müller P. , Löffler K. , Kohlhaas M. , Holz F. , Herwig-Carl M. 
Published: May 2017

ZusammenfassungDer Keratokonus ist eine relativ häufige (1 : 2000), meist bilateral auftretende Erkrankung, die zu einer Verdünnung, Veränderung der biochemischen und biomechanischen Struktur sowie Vorwölbung der Hornhaut führt. Seit mehr als 10 Jahren steht das Crosslinking als therapeutisches Verfahren für den progredienten Keratokonus zur Verfügung. Dabei wird mittels Riboflavin und UVA-Bestrahlung eine Verfestigung der Quervernetzung der Kollagenfasern in den vorderen 300 µm des Hornhautstromas erreicht. Es ist als wirksam und komplikationsarm beschrieben worden, sofern entsprechende Protokolle und Indikationen eingehalten werden. Diese Übersicht beinhaltet die physiologischen und pathologischen morphologischen Veränderungen der Hornhaut vor und nach Crosslinking bei Keratokonus. Die verfügbare Literatur wird aufgearbeitet und um eigene Beobachtungen und Erfahrungen, basierend auf histopathologischen Untersuchungen, ergänzt.
Laseriridotomie – nur bei akuter Engwinkelsituation?
Authors: Handzel Daniel , Meyer Carsten , Wegener Alfred 
Published: May 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Einengung des Kammerwinkels durch anatomische Prädisposition – z. B. bei hoher Hyperopie oder durch zunehmende Dicke der kristallinen Linse – stellt den größten Risikofaktor für einen akuten Winkelblock dar. Während die Anlage einer Iridotomie zur Durchbrechung eines akuten Winkelblocks eine Standardprozedur darstellt, gibt es bisher keine einheitlichen Empfehlungen oder Leitlinien für eine prophylaktische Therapie. Moderne bildgebende Verfahren wie die optische Kohärenztomografie oder computergestützte Scheimpflug-Fotografie können bei der Therapieentscheidung wertvolle Informationen liefern. In der vorliegenden Übersicht werden traditionelle wie moderne Untersuchungstechniken vorgestellt und die sich aus den Ergebnissen erster Studien abgeleiteten Handlungsempfehlungen zusammengefasst.
Vimentin fibers orient traction stress
Authors: Costigliola Nancy , Ding Liya , Burckhardt Christoph J. , Han Sangyoon J. , Gutierrez Edgar , Mota Andressa , Groisman Alex , Mitchison Timothy J. , Danuser Gaudenz 
Published: May 2017

Significance
Vimentin is a marker for the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, which is thought to lead to cancer metastasis. Without vimentin, planar cells exhibit polarity defects and cannot migrate as single cells. The mechanisms by which vimentin influences cell migration remain mostly unknown, however. Generally, intermediate filaments regulate the mechanical integrity of cells and tissues; thus, we hypothesized that vimentin could be involved in supporting the directionally aligned force transmission required for single-cell migration. We have developed imaging and analysis methods to probe the role of vimentin in mesenchymal cell migration that will have broad utility in intermediate filament research. In summary, our results demonstrate that vimentin governs the alignment of the cell traction forces needed for directed single-cell mesenchymal migration.
Elucidating interplay of speed and accuracy in biological error correction
Authors: Banerjee Kinshuk , Kolomeisky Anatoly B. , Igoshin Oleg A. 
Published: May 2017

Significance
Biological processes are unique in showing a remarkable level of accuracy in discriminating between similar molecules. This characteristic is attributed to an error-correcting mechanism known as kinetic proofreading. It is widely believed that the enhancement of the accuracy in biological processes always slows them down. By analyzing the fundamental processes of DNA replication and protein translation, we established that these systems maximize speed rather than accuracy with additional energetic constraints. Our theoretical study further indicates that both speed and accuracy can be enhanced in certain parameter regimes. The resulting findings provide a microscopic picture of how complex biological processes can be accomplished so quickly with minimal errors.
High-density lipoprotein receptor SCARB1 is required for carotenoid coloration in birds
Authors: Toomey Matthew B. , Lopes Ricardo J. , Araújo Pedro M. , Johnson James D. , Gazda Małgorzata A. , Afonso Sandra , Mota Paulo G. , Koch Rebecca E. , Hill Geoffrey E. , Corbo Joseph C. , Carneiro Miguel 
Published: May 2017

SignificanceThe yellow, orange, and red colors of birds are produced through the deposition of carotenoid pigments into feathers and skin, and often function as signals in aggressive interactions and mate choice. These colors are hypothesized to communicate information about individual quality because their expression is linked to vital cellular processes through the mechanisms of carotenoid metabolism. To elucidate these mechanisms, we carried out genomic and biochemical analyses of the white recessive canary breed, which carries a heritable defect in carotenoid uptake. We identified a mutation in theSCARB1gene in this breed that disrupts carotenoid transport function. Our study implicates SCARB1 as a key mediator of carotenoid-based coloration and suggests a link between carotenoid coloration and lipid metabolism.
Revealing the frictional transition in shear-thickening suspensions
Authors: Clavaud Cécile , Bérut Antoine , Metzger Bloen , Forterre Yoël 
Published: May 2017

Significance
The sudden and severe increase in the viscosity of certain suspensions above an onset stress is one of the most spectacular phenomena observed in complex fluids. This shear thickening, which has major implications for industry, is a long-standing puzzle in soft-matter physics. Recently, a frictional transition was conjectured to cause this phenomenon. Using experimental concepts from granular physics, we provide direct evidence that such suspensions are frictionless under low confining pressure, which is key to understanding their shear-thickening behavior.
Structural variants caused byAluinsertions are associated with risks for many human diseases
Authors: Payer Lindsay M. , Steranka Jared P. , Yang Wan Rou , Kryatova Maria , Medabalimi Sibyl , Ardeljan Daniel , Liu Chunhong , Boeke Jef D. , Avramopoulos Dimitri , Burns Kathleen H. 
Published: May 2017

SignificanceRepetitive sequences comprise a large portion of the genome and are often thought of as “junk DNA.” They are a significant source of genetic variation, particularlyAluelements. Their functional consequence is frequently dismissed. Here, we test the hypothesis thatAlupolymorphisms contribute to phenotypic differences between individuals. We identified an enrichment ofAlupolymorphisms in regions of the genome associated with human disease risk. Further, we find 44 instances where the trait-associated SNP is a surrogate for presence or absence of anAluinsertion. This finding indicates that theAlumay be the variant effecting disease risk, an intriguing possibility given its size and regulatory potential. This work emphasizes the importance of considering repeat polymorphisms in functional variant analysis.
Anglicisms and word axiology in homosexual language
Authors: Crespo-Fernández Eliecer , Luján-García Carmen 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAmong those areas linked to the forbidden, homosexuality has traditionally met one of the strongest interdictions. Given the taboo nature of homosexuality, it is our purpose in this paper to gain an insight into the axiological values that anglicisms present in the Spanish homosexual vocabulary. The analysis of the different types of anglicisms in a sample of 253 English borrowings reveals that pure anglicisms (including clippings and initialisms) are the most frequently used, followed by pseudoanglicisms. Calques, hybrids and adapted anglicisms are used less often to refer to homosexuality. The research carried out reveals that anglicized units perform different X-phemistic functions in homosexual discourse: not only that of softening or avoiding the use of a taboo term in Spanish but also displaying in-group solidarity or referring to homosexuality disparagingly. Homosexual-related anglicisms promote innovative uses of the Spanish language and provide evidence of a special kind of language used by homosexuals.
Análisis de las líneas de investigación y actuación en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje del lenguaje oral en contexto escolar
Authors: Gràcia Marta , Galván-Bovaira Maria José , Sánchez-Cano Manel 
Published: May 2017

ResumenEn la Educación obligatoria enseñar y aprender la competencia lingüística en sus ámbitos de hablar y escuchar para comunicarse y construir conocimiento, requiere de acciones educativas específicas. Este trabajo revisa descriptivamente las perspectivas de estudio que abordan este tema. Hemos consultado diversas bases de datos para seleccionar los autores relevantes e identificar las estrategias y actividades que cada perspectiva prioriza para enseñar y aprender el uso del lenguaje oral en el aula. Las perspectivas analizadas son siete, incluyendo la didáctica de la lengua, la interacción comunicativa en el aula, o el TIL (Tratamiento Integrado de Lenguas), entre otras. Las estrategias de enseñanza son diversas y las actividades más frecuentes son las exposiciones orales y los debates. Los resultados aportan una visión de conjunto y manifiestan que la enseñanza y el aprendizaje del uso del lenguaje oral requieren una programación y definición de objetivos de aprendizaje sistemática.
Conceptual complexes in cognitive modeling
Authors: Ruiz de Mendoza Ibáñez Francisco José 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe present paper goes beyond previous treatments of cognitive models, especially conceptual metaphor and metonymy, by drawing on linguistic evidence. It introduces needed refinements into previous meaning construction accounts by investigating the activity ofconceptual complexes, i.e., combinations of cognitive models whose existence can be detected from a careful examination of the meaning effects of some linguistic expressions. This improvement endows the linguist with a more powerful set of analytical tools capable of dealing with a broader range of phenomena than previous theories. The paper first exploresmetaphoricandmetonymic complexes, and their meaning effects. Then, it addresses the metonymic exploitation offrame complexesandimage-schematic complexes. The resulting analytical apparatus proves applicable to the study offictive motionandimage-schema transformations, which have so far been addressed in Cognitive Linguistics without making explicit any relation between them or with other phenomena. We give evidence that these two phenomena can be dealt with as specific cases of metonymic domain expansion and domain reduction respectively. This means that fictive motion and image-schema transformations can be fully integrated into an encompassing account of cognitive modeling based on the activity of single or combined cognitive operations on basic or complex cognitive models.
Procesamiento temporal auditivo de estímulos lingüísticos y no lingüísticos en niños con dificultades en lectura
Authors: Muñetón Ayala Mercedes Amparo , Rosario Ortiz María del , Estévez Monzó Adelina , Vásquez Claudia 
Published: May 2017

Resumen
Este estudio examina si niños con dificultades lectoras presentan déficit en el procesamiento temporal de estímulos auditivos, y si este déficit es específico al procesamiento del lenguaje. El diseño usa el mismo paradigma para evaluar estímulos lingüísticos y no-lingüísticos y se controla la complejidad de ambos tipos de estímulos. Se evaluaron 10 niños sin dificultades en la lectura y 11 niños con dificultades en lectura emparejados en edad (8–9 años) en tareas de juicio de orden temporal. La tarea consiste en determinar el orden en el que perciben las silabas /pa/ – /ba/, las cuales difieren en sonoridad, y dos tonos que difieren en la frecuencia (260 – 470 Hz). Los resultados muestran que los problemas en el procesamiento temporal de los niños con dificultades en la lectura son específicos al procesamiento de estímulos lingüísticos. La discusión se centra en el papel del procesamiento temporal del lenguaje en la lectura.
Metal-organic frameworks based materials for photocatalytic CO2 reduction
Authors: Crake Angus 
Published: May 2017

Photocatalytic conversion of CO2 to valuable chemicals by solar irradiation is a hugely attractive process due to its potential to offset both the energy and economic penalties of CO2 capture and sequestration. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently been explored as photocatalysts for this processing owing to their promising photochemical and textural properties. Papers to date are collated and reviewed to highlight advances made in MOF photocatalysts through novel synthesis and analytical methods. These are compared with key metrics highlighting the range of materials and methods used to show the diversity and novelty of this emerging field. Knowledge gaps were noted in order to propose potential routes for further improvements in catalyst and reactor design. This review was chosen as a runner up of the 2017 Materials Literature Review Prize of the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining, run by the Editorial Board of MST. Sponsorship of the prize by TWI Ltd is gratefully acknowledged
SinCHet: a MATLAB toolbox for single cell heterogeneity analysis in cancer
Authors: Li Jiannong , Smalley Inna , Schell Michael J , Smalley Keiran S M , Chen Y Ann 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Summary
Single-cell technologies allow characterization of transcriptomes and epigenomes for individual cells under different conditions and provide unprecedented resolution for researchers to investigate cellular heterogeneity in cancer. The SinCHet (Single Cell Heterogeneity) toolbox is developed in MATLAB and has a graphical user interface (GUI) for visualization and user interaction. It analyzes both continuous (e.g. mRNA expression) and binary omics data (e.g. discretized methylation data). The toolbox does not only quantify cellular heterogeneity using Shannon Profile (SP) at different clonal resolutions but also detects heterogeneity differences using a D statistic between two populations. It is defined as the area under the Profile of Shannon Difference (PSD). This flexible tool provides a default clonal resolution using the change point of PSD detected by multivariate adaptive regression splines model; it also allows user-defined clonal resolutions for further investigation. This tool provides insights into emerging or disappearing clones between conditions, and enables the prioritization of biomarkers for follow-up experiments based on heterogeneity or marker differences between and/or within cell populations.

Availability and implementation
The SinCHet software is freely available for non-profit academic use. The source code, example datasets, and the compiled package are available at http://labpages2.moffitt.org/chen/software/.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The use of Twitter to facilitate sharing of clinical expertise in urology
Authors: Sternberg Kevan M , Loeb Stacy L , Canes David , Donnelly Laura , Tsai Mitchell H 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The use of social media in the urologic community is common and increasing. Although the potential benefits of platforms like Twitter have been described in the literature, the use of social media in the clinical context of Urology has not been explored.
In this case report, we describe how we used Twitter to share ideas about the clinical management of a complex urologic patient. By posting a clinical scenario, a timely discussion was generated with global participation and expert suggestions. This knowledge was applied to the surgical management of a patient with positive clinical outcomes.
The ability of Twitter to facilitate rapid communication with a wide network of contributors makes it a potentially useful tool for clinical decision making. Care must be taken to ensure patient confidentiality and caution used appropriately when evaluating the sources and content of the clinical information shared.
Magnetic field formation in the Milky Way like disc galaxies of the Auriga project
Authors: Pakmor Rüdiger , Gómez Facundo A. , Grand Robert J. J. , Marinacci Federico , Simpson Christine M. , Springel Volker , Campbell David J. R. , Frenk Carlos S. , Guillet Thomas , Pfrommer Christoph , White Simon D. M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe magnetic fields observed in the Milky Way and nearby galaxies appear to be in equipartition with the turbulent, thermal and cosmic ray energy densities, and hence are expected to be dynamically important. However, the origin of these strong magnetic fields is still unclear, and most previous attempts to simulate galaxy formation from cosmological initial conditions have ignored them altogether. Here, we analyse the magnetic fields predicted by the simulations of the Auriga Project, a set of 30 high-resolution cosmological zoom simulations of Milky Way like galaxies, carried out with a moving-mesh magnetohydrodynamics code and a detailed galaxy formation physics model. We find that the magnetic fields grow exponentially at early times owing to a small-scale dynamo with an e-folding time of roughly 100 Myr in the centre of haloes until saturation occurs around z = 2–3, when the magnetic energy density reaches about 10 per cent of the turbulent energy density with a typical strength of $10\text{--}50\,\rm {\mu G}$. In the galactic centres, the ratio between magnetic and turbulent energies remains nearly constant until z = 0. At larger radii, differential rotation in the discs leads to linear amplification that typically saturates around z = 0.5–0. The final radial and vertical variations of the magnetic field strength can be well described by two joint exponential profiles, and are in good agreement with observational constraints. Overall, the magnetic fields have only little effect on the global evolution of the galaxies as it takes too long to reach equipartition. We also demonstrate that our results are well converged with numerical resolution.