bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Balancing Openness and Protection:Homogenization of Regulatory Laws in Digital Service Trade
Authors: Yang Cuihong , Wang Xiaolin , Wang Huijuan , Xia Yan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Digital service trade has emerged as a pivotal engine for global economic transformation and development. However, the implementation of differentiated regulatory measures for trade in digital services among economies has led to increasingly frequent trade disputes. This paper constructs a regulatory homogeneity network for digital service trade in 60 major economies, and systematically evaluates the structural characteristics of the network and the regulatory homogeneity among economies from 2014 to 2021. Furthermore, this paper empirically examines the impact of the partnership characteristics of regulatory homogenization in the network of major economies on their exports. The analysis of the network structure shows that major economies are more inclined to optimize and simplify existing trade partnerships, and are moving towards more diversified restrictive measures in the regulatory model of digital services trade, which has led to the rise of trade protectionism. The empirical text results show that expanding and deepening the regulatory homogeneous partnership of trade in digital services promotes the export of digital services in major economies. This promotion effect is mainly achieved by reducing the cost of digital service trade and enhancing business trust. In addition, the export promotion effect of developing regulatory homogenization partnerships is better than that of increasing the openness of digital service trade, and the homogenization of policies between openness and protection is more important. This paper provides important implications for coordinating the openness and security of digital services trade: China should actively cooperate with multilateral and bilateral digital service trade partners to jointly build a homogeneous environment for regulatory regulations. In particular, it is necessary to deepen the regulatory homogeneity partnership with Asian and developing economies to expand the influence of the “China model” in the global regulation of digital services trade.
Uncertainty of the Export VAT Rebate Policy: Measurement and Its Effects
Authors: Zhang Yanzhe , Xu Helian , Shao Xiaokai 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Based on the export VAT rebate rate data from 2004 to 2015, this paper measures the uncertainty of Chinese export VAT rebate policy by using unexpected fluctuation of export VAT rebate rate, and finds that the index varies across products, years and industries. Then, the paper studies the influence of the uncertainty of export VAT rebate policy on China’s export growth from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. The research results show that this uncertainty reduces the expected profit of export enterprises and their optimal output, and significantly reduces the growth rate of the ordinary export that applies the export VAT rebate method, but it has no impact on the processing export. By decomposing total value of exports, it is found that the growth in the number of ordinary export relationship and average sales decrease with the increase of uncertainty, while the average price growth rate increases slightly, and these effects are only reflected in the newly entered export relations. The findings suggest that when the uncertainty of export VAT rebate policy is high, enterprises are more cautious about entering the ordinary export market and more likely to adopt a low-quantity-high-price strategy.
Coordinated Regional Economic Development: A Study of the Relationship Between Regional Policies and Business Performance
Authors: Chen Xiaoxian , Ling Wei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the context of the global spread of the Corona Virus Disease 2019, improving enterprise performance, promoting regional economic development, and solving the problem of unbalanced and inadequate regional development are important considerations for regional policy formulation. To understand the relationship between regional policies and corporate performance, this study starts with theories related to regional policies and corporate performance, and proposes two hypotheses. The Western Development, Northeast Revitalization of the Old Industrial Base, and Central Rise Plan are selected as typical representatives of regional policies, and the hypotheses are verified through a double difference model. The results showed that regional policies could improve corporate performance, especially for state-owned enterprises (SOEs). The correlation between the revitalization of the old industrial base in Northeast China and the performance of SOEs was strong, with a correlation coefficient of 0.832. When conducting robustness tests by changing time periods, the correlation values between the performance of SOEs and policies in the three policy implementation areas of revitalizing Northeast China, western development, and central rise were 0.887, 0.764, and 0.652, respectively. Compared to non-SOEs, SOEs had a more significant effect on regional policy improvement. This conclusion was consistent with the empirical results of hypotheses 1 and 2. Based on this foundation, recommendations are offered for the suitability of regional policies to furnish theoretical frameworks for enhancing the regional policy structure and augmenting the precision and inclusivity of regional policy development. The research model is utilized to reveal the important role of regional policies in promoting enterprise performance improvement and promoting regional economic development. It can provide strong evidence support for policy makers. The study offers a scientific theoretical basis and empirical support that assist policymakers in comprehending policy objectives and implementation strategies with greater precision. Therefore, the coordinated advancement of regional economic development is facilitated.
ÖTZI – ein gewichtiger Mann: Feuchtetechnische Aspekte der Konservierung der Eismann-Mumie
Authors: Mutter Daniel 
Published: October 2024

Zusammenfassung
Die Entdeckung der Gletschermumie in den Südtiroler Alpen gab den Startschuss für eine einzigartige, wissenschaftliche und mediale Karriere für die unter dem Namen „Ötzi“ weltbekannt gewordene Eismann-Mumie. Die Entwicklung der für die Konservierung der einmaligen archäologischen Sensation aus dem Eis benötigten High-Tech-Kühlkammer bietet den Stoff für eine spannende Geschichte, die ein immer wiederkehrendes Missverständnis in der Feuchtemesstechnik aufklärt: Wasser gefriert nicht zwingend bei 0 °C, aber Eis schmilzt immer bei 0 °C!
Echogenicity as a standalone nodule characteristic is not inferior to the TIRADS systems in the 10–20 mm nodule diameter range in patient selection for fine needle aspiration: a pilot study
Authors: Rucz Karoly , Hegedűs Laszlo , Bonnema Steen Joop , Frasoldati Andrea , Jambor Laszlo , Kovacs Gabor Laszlo , Papini Enrico , Russ Gilles , Karanyi Zsolt , Nagy Endre V , Solymosi Tamas 
Published: October 2024

Objective
The ultrasound evaluation of thyroid nodules (TNs) in patient selection for fine needle aspiration (FNA) requires both uniformly accepted definitions of each nodule characteristic and extensive experience from the examiner. We hypothesized that nodule echogenicity alone may provide comparable performance to more complex approaches in patient selection for FNA.

Patients and methods
Seven highly experienced investigators from four countries evaluated, online, the ultrasound (US) video recordings of 123 histologically verified TN by answering 17 nodule characteristics-related questions. The diagnostic performances of five TN image reporting and data systems (TIRADS) were compared to making decisions based solely on the echogenicity of the nodule for indicating FNA in 110 nodules ≥10 mm.

Results
In the 10–20 mm size range, the sensitivities and specificities of the five TIRADS systems in identifying malignant nodules were 80.5–91.0% and 31.4–50.9%, respectively. Had FNA been recommended for all hypoechoic nodules, disregarding other US characteristics, comparable sensitivity and specificity (87.5% and 43.4%, respectively) were obtained. Compared to nodules >20 mm, a higher proportion of cancers were hypoechoic in the 10–20 mm size range (87.2% vs 77.8%, P = 0.05). In the 10–20 mm size range, compared to hypoechoic nodules, a significantly lower proportion of isoechoic nodules demonstrated suspicious findings (70.7% vs 30.0%, P < 0.05).

Conclusion
In contrast to >20 mm diameter nodules, the recommendation of FNA may rely on a single US feature, echogenicity, in the 10–20 mm size range. If independently confirmed in larger cohorts, this may simplify nodule evaluation in this size range.
Artificial intelligence tools for molecular analysis of sensitization profiles in patients with atopic dermatitis and bronchial asthma
Authors: Fomina D. S. , Lebedkina M. S. , Nikitina E. A. , Dushkin A. D. , Chernov A. A. , Yukhnovskaya Yu. D. , Evsegneeva I. V. , Karaulov A. V. , Lysenko M. A. 
Published: October 2024

Background. The variety of characteristics that should be taken into account in the clinical phenotyping of allergic diseases is currently being discussed. One of such characteristics is the individual spectrum of sensitization. An important stage in modern allergology has become the introduction of molecules / components for the detection of mediated reactions to specific class E immunoglobulins.Aim. To determine the dominant phenotypes of sensitization in patients with severe atopic dermatitis and bronchial asthma based on the results of molecular diagnostics by the ImmunoCAP Immuno Solid-phase Allergen Chip (ISAC) method using machine learning.Materials and methods. The study included 100 patients who were candidates for genetically engineered biological therapy (n = 63), severe atopic dermatitis (n = 20), or their combination (n = 17) were included. Allergodiagnosis was performed by the ImmunoCAP ISAC method.Results. Based on the results of the study, 6 phenotypes were identified. In phenotype 1, pollen molecules (Amb a1, Phl p4) and crossed reactive food molecules (Mal d1, Ara h8, Gly m4, Act d8, Pru p3) are the leading, among epidermal molecules only Fel d1 (epidermal allergen) and Asp f6 (fungal allergen) are found. For phenotype 2, the significant allergens were fungal (Asp f6), epidermal (Can f1, Can f5, Can f6, Fel d1), food (Gad c1) and cross reactive food molecules (Mal d1, Pru p1. Ara h8, Cor a1.0401). In phenotype 4, only 3 allergen groups are present:epidermal (Fel d1, Fel d2, Can f5, Can f6, Can f3), fungal (Asp f6), and cross food allergy (Jug r3, Pru p3). Phenotype 5 and 6 are dominated by epidermal molecules (Can f1 and Fel d1), true food allergies allergens (Gad c1 and Gal d1 and Gad c1, Gal d1, Gal d3, respectively). In phenotype 3, a combination of the previously labeled molecules is noted.Conclusion. Each of the identified phenotypes reveals a different set of molecules that can be used in real clinical practice to develop reduced panels, making them more accessible.
Effect of human reovirus strain R-92 on tumor cell lines
Authors: Filippova S. Yu. , Sitkovskaya A. O. , Mezhevova I. V. , Zlatnik E. Yu. , Novikova I. A. , Vladimirova L. Yu. , Przhedetskiy Yu. V. , Dzhenkova E. A. , Kolpakov S. A. , Kolpakova E. P. , Kirichenko E. Yu. , Logvinov A. K. 
Published: October 2024

Background. Among all the new methods and approaches, virotherapy with oncolytic viruses, both in combination with immunotherapy and without it, shows high efficiency in various phases of clinical trials and good tolerance by patients.Aim. To study the sensitivity of some immortalized cancer cell lines to the R-92 strain of human reovirus with cell characteristics at the ultrastructural level.Materials and methods. The study was carried out on cell lines of HeLa, A549, U87MG. Cells were planted in an amount of 15 thousand per well of a 96-well plate and after adhesion, the virus was inoculated by adding a medium containing virus particles in 4 tenfold dilutions (approximately 10 9 –106 particles per ml). Next, the cells were cultured for 24 h, after which the number of living cells in the wells was determined indirectly using the methyl tetrazolium test, which was carried out according to standard methods. To study the ultrastructure of infected cells, cells were seeded into a T25 flask and inoculated with the virus at the maximum concentration. After 24 h of cultivation, the cells were fixed in a 2.5 % glutaraldehyde solution in phosphate buffer for 1 h, after which they were washed three times in phosphate buffer and samples were processed for TEM according to standard methods.Results. Diluting the virus 1000 times led to a decrease in the cytostatic effect in all three cultures to a level practically no different from the control. HeLa turned out to be the most sensitive culture to reovirus. In the experiment, the number of living cells decreased to 60.4 ± 10.2 % compared to the control during incubation with the maximum number of viral particles and to 63.7 ± 16.2 % with a tenfold dilution of the virus. This indicator was significantly lower than in the other two studied cultures under these cultivation conditions (p <0.001).In addition, at the maximum virus concentration, the A549 culture was less sensitive than the U87MG culture (p <0.01). At lower concentrations of viral particles, the average viability of the studied cell lines did not differ significantly from each other. Analysis of electron diffraction patterns showed that the virus successfully replicates in the cytoplasm of the studied cultures, but is not released from the cell, which is apparently due to the short incubation period. TEM also showed cell damage characteristic of apoptosis or necroptosis, uniformly expressed in all studied cultures.Conclusion. Cell lines A549, HeLa and U87MG, according to the results of the methyl tetrazolium test, demonstrate different sensitivity to the human reovirus strain P-92. The TEM picture of cells from infected cultures showed signs of the development of apoptosis or necroptosis.
Lutas
Authors: Hirama Leopoldo Katsuki , Joaquim Cássia dos Santos , Queiróz Diego Alves Ribeiro , Montagner Paulo Cesar 
Published: October 2024

Objetivos: Objetivo desta pesquisa bibliográfica é apresentar e discutir duas propostas de ensino das lutas, artes marciais e esportes de combate (LAMECs): a primeira propõe o ensino por similaridades e a segunda a partir dos princípios operacionais de cada modalidade. Métodos: Esta investigação é de cunho qualitativo e do tipo propositivo por apresentar alternativa na elaboração de ações, oferecendo exemplos de atuação implantados tanto em componente curricular Lutas, quanto em um programa de extensão universitária que oferece Judô para crianças e jovens. Resultados e discussão: Foram apresentados dois tópicos de discussão. O primeiro disserta sobre o ensino das lutas a partir de suas similaridades e no segundo propomos por meio de exemplos práticos o ensino das LAMECs por suas dinâmicas operacionais. Considerações finais: Conclui-se que as propostas podem ser complementares, abordando-se primeiramente os aspectos comuns e similares das lutas em geral e posteriormente, as dinâmicas operacionais de qualquer modalidade específica a ser tratada, aprofundando-se em suas questões táticas, técnicas, históricas e sociais.
Anatomical Characteristics of Cervicomedullary Compression on MRI Scans in Children with Achondroplasia
Authors: Trautwein Isabella , Behme Daniel , Kunkel Philip , Gerdes Jasper , Mohnike Klaus 
Published: October 2024

This retrospective study assessed anatomical characteristics of cervicomedullary compression in children with achondroplasia. Twelve anatomical parameters were analyzed (foramen magnum diameter and area; myelon area; clivus length; tentorium and occipital angles; brainstem volume outside the posterior fossa; and posterior fossa, cerebellum, supratentorial ventricular system, intracranial cerebrospinal fluid, and fourth ventricle volumes) from sagittal and transversal T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans from 37 children with achondroplasia aged ≤ 4 years (median [range] 0.8 [0.1–3.6] years) and compared with scans from 37 children without achondroplasia (median age 1.5 [0–3.9] years). Mann-Whitney U testing was used for between-group comparisons. Foramen magnum diameter and area were significantly smaller in children with achondroplasia compared with the reference group (mean 10.0 vs. 16.1 mm [p &amp;lt; 0.001] and 109.0 vs. 160.8 mm2 [p = 0.005], respectively). The tentorial angle was also steeper in children with achondroplasia (mean 47.6 vs. 38.1 degrees; p &amp;lt; 0.001), while the clivus was significantly shorter (mean 23.5 vs. 30.3 mm; p &amp;lt; 0.001). Significant differences were also observed in myelon area, occipital angle, fourth ventricle, intracranial cerebrospinal fluid and supratentorial ventricular volumes, and the volume of brainstem protruding beyond the posterior fossa (all p &amp;lt; 0.05). MRI analysis of brain structures may provide a standardized value to indicate decompression surgery in children with achondroplasia.
Optimization of the Oxygen Permeability of Non-Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lenses Through Crosslinking Modifications
Authors: Lim Clara , García-Montero María , Courtis Andrew , Hainey Paul , Madrid-Costa David , Crooke Almudena 
Published: October 2024

The main weakness of non-silicone hydrogel contact lenses is their low oxygen permeability (Dk). Hence, we have tried to optimize their Dk using various concentrations and lengths of the ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) crosslinker in a mixture of N, N- Dimethylacrylamide and Cyclohexyl methacrylate monomers. After synthesizing the different contact lenses, we evaluated the impact of the different EGDMA conditions on their chemical, optical, and mechanical properties. The water content, the contact angle, the refractive index, the transmittance, and the young moduli of the synthesized lenses were slightly affected by crosslinker conditions. On the contrary, the elongation at break and, more importantly, the oxygen permeability, which reached values of up to 74.93 Fatt units, were considerably impacted by crosslinker conditions. This study demonstrates, for the first time to our knowledge, that, in addition to water, other usual hydrogel components, like crosslinkers, can modulate the Dk of non-silicone contact lenses. It also provides a simple and scalable method to fabricate more permeable non-silicone lenses.
WITHDRAWN: Amelioration of retinal injury and improvement in associated memory by hUCB-derived cells is dose-dependent
Authors: Mehra Priya , Rain Manjari , SINGH JAGTAR , Saha Pradip Kumar , ANAND AKSHAY 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn, as it was submitted in error. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
A Comparative Study on Different Machine Learning Approaches with Periodic Items for the Forecasting of GPS Satellites Clock Bias
Authors: Song Longjiang , Wang Leilei , Yuan Yibo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Accurately predicting satellite clock deviation is crucial for improving real-time location accuracy in a GPS navigation system. Therefore, to ensure high levels of real-time positioning accuracy, it is essential to address the challenge of enhancing satellite clock deviation prediction when high-precision clock data is not available. Given the high frequency, sensitivity, and variability of space-borne GPS satellite atomic clocks, it is important to consider the periodic variations of satellite clock bias (SCB) in addition to the inherent properties of GPS satellite clocks such as frequency deviation, frequency drift, and frequency drift rate in order to improve SCB prediction accuracy and gain a better understanding of its characteristics. In recent applications, deep learning models have demonstrated significant improvements in handling time-series data. This paper presents four machine learning prediction models that take into consideration periodic variations. Specifically, we utilize precision satellite clock bias data from the International GNSS Service forecast experiments and assess the predictive effects of various models including backpropagation neural network (BPNN), wavelet neural network (WNN), long short-term memory (LSTM), and gated recurrent units (GRUs). We analyze clock bias prediction across different time scales and scenarios compared with the quadratic polynomial model. The results indicate that the WNN model incorporating periodic variations outperforms the standard quadratic polynomial model in terms of predictive accuracy. This highlights the promising potential of deep learning models in forecasting satellite clock bias.
Enzyme activities of brown trout liver and kidney peroxisomes in control juveniles and after paraquat exposure for 7 and 15 days
Authors: Resende Albina Dolores , Lobo-da-Cunha Alexandre , Rocha Eduardo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Paraquat, a potent herbicide, can be highly toxic for fish, causing morphological and biochemical alterations in several organs, including induction of oxidative stress that may result in cellular damage. Since peroxisomes are vital regulators of reactive oxygen species, it was hypothesized that a subacute exposure of brown trout – a sensitive bioindicator – to a waterborne environmental concentration of paraquat may impact some liver and kidney peroxisomal enzyme activities. Spectrophotometric measurements of urate oxidase, catalase, and D-aminoacid oxidase activities were assayed in liver and renal homogenates from immature animals. In the liver, none of those enzymes showed differences between the control and paraquat groups at both sampling times. In the kidney, urate oxidase activity was not detectable, and no significant statistical difference was found for the other enzymatic activities between groups. However, during the experiment, an increase in catalase and a simultaneous decrease in D-amino acid oxidase activities were observed in both groups. At the tested concentration, paraquat did not affect the targetted hepatic and renal peroxisomal enzymes, which does not support the hypothesis. Additionally, the study revealed changes over time, warning that captivity or experimental stress influenced the enzyme activities.