bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Beauveria Bassiana (Mycotrol® WP) with Pyrethroids for Control of Whitefly in Spring Cantaloupes
Authors: Jaronski Stefan T. , Lord Jeffrey C. , Paden Ron 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cantaloupe, var. ‘Top Score,’ was planted in slant beds on 80-inch centers 17 February at Somerton, AZ. Plots were 4 rows by 25 feet long, with end buffers of 5 feet. Design was a RCB with 4 replicate plots per treatment. All materials were applied in 0.05% Silwet L77 spreader. Applications were started 18 May when whitefly numbers had reached 0.5 per cm2 of leaf. Additional sprays were made 1, 5, 9, 15 and 22 June. The first application was made at 40 gpa with a horizontal boom set with two drop nozzles (Dl/13 disc-core hollow cone) on each side directed towards the bed. The second application was made with a horizontal boom 4 inches over top of the row with 4 nozzles (Dl/13) at 16-inch intervals, directed downwards, delivering 40 gpa at 120 psi. For the third application, the number of nozzles was increased to seven per bed with a spacing of 4 inches; nozzles were alternately arranged forwards and backwards at about a 30 degree angle. Gpa was increased to 70, pressure decreased to 90 psi The final three sprays were made with the same boom configuration but used D2/33 full-cone nozzles delivering 100 gpa at 80 psi. Sprays were monitored by the use of water sensitive spray cards and coverslips mounted on leaf undersides in the melon plant canopy. Leaf samples were taken for nymphal counts on 15, 31 May, 10, 21, and 27 June. In each case 10 mid-crown leaves were collected per plot. Nymphs were counted in two 2.4 cm diameter discs taken from the basal areas of each leaf. Insect data were subjected to n transformation before ANOVA; means were separated by Tukey’s HSD Test (P=.05). Yields were determined on 28 June, 1995, by harvesting marketable melons from center two rows of each plot and grading by size.
Control of Resistant Colorado Potato Beetle, Big Lake, Mn, 1994
Authors: Noetzel David M. , Miller Jennifer 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This is the third trial in this general potato production area, and is the first with so many new chemistries in the same trial. We initiated trials at this location in 1992 because most other compounds began to fail. Soils are sandy loams and are irrigated. Plots were 4 rows X 30 ft. long with a row width of 3 ft. in a RCB design, replicated 4 times. Soil applications of Admire 2F were made post plant (6 May) by opening the planting ridge, and applying Admire 2F at the rate of 1.3 fl. oz/1000 row foot in 20 gal total material. The ridge was then replaced. Foliars were broadcast in 20 gal total material on 14, 21, 29 June; 6, 12, 20 July. The entire plot area was treated with the rest of the field the last week of July. The two center rows of each plot were harvested and weighed for yield.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control, Crookston, Mn, 1994
Authors: Noetzel David M. , Holder Bobby , Miller Jennifer , Holen Carlyle 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Plots were planted at the Northwest Experiment Station on 12 May. Soils are Bearden silty clay loam and were dry at planting time. Plot size was four 3.33 ft. wide rows X 25 feet in length. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design, replicated 4 times. Soil treatments were applied in 20 gal total material, immediately post plant, within 2” of the seed piece and covered. Foliars were broadcast in 20 gal total material per acre on 23 and 30 June, 15 July and 3 Aug. This site flooded in midseason and remained exceeding wet until season’s end. The center two rows of each plot were harvested for yield.
Control of Insect Pests in The First Alfalfa Crop, 1995
Authors: Berberet R. , Zarrabi A. , Bisges A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Seven chemical insecticide treatments were evaluated for control of AW larvae and aphids in the first crop of a second year stand of ‘Cimarron VR’ alfalfa on the Agronomy Experiment Station, Stillwater, OK. Pretreatment samples indicated a population of 3.1 AW larvae and 20.5 aphids per stem. Insecticides were applied on 1 Apr using flooding nozzles (Spraying Systems Co., TK SS-5) calibrated to deliver 20 gpa at 24 psi when traveling 3 mph. A RCB design was used with 5 X 10 m plots replicated 4 times. Sampling was conducted at 3, 6, 13, and 18 DAT by pulling 25 stems per plot and placing them in standard Berlese funnels to extract insects for counting. Subsamples of aphids were identified on each date to determine the proportions of species present. Dry matter yields were estimated from samples of forage taken from a 1 X 5 m area in each plot. Subsamples were dried for determination of moisture content and yields were calculated on a dry weight/acre basis.
Gaucho as an Aphicide in Spring Barley
Authors: Bragg D. E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Plots were seeded by small plot drill on 14 May (80 lb/acre) at the USDA-ARS Western Regional Plant Materials Introduction Center at Central Ferry, WA. Gaucho was applied as a seed treatment and Dimethoate was applied 20-days after emergence (DAE) with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer at 20 gpa and 20 psi, with the spray buffered to pH 5.0. Plots were 10 X 30 ft replicated 4 times in a RCB design. The experiment was designed to measure 1) the impact of Russian wheat aphid (and other cereal aphids present) on spring barley yields at economic injury levels; 2) the value of Gaucho as an aphicide in spring barley; and 3) effects of aphid controls on parasitoids of RWA and other species. Treatments were evaluated at 6, 13, 20, 27, 34, 41, 48, and 55-DAE by visual examination for each aphid species per tiller plus number of aphids per tiller, and the mean number of aphids parasitized (Diaeretiella rapae Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae in all cases). The dimethoate treatment was made on 20-DAE (approaching economic injury level) and evaluated on 6-DAT (27-DAE) and 13-DAT (34-DAE) as well as on all other DAE dates. At crop maturity, yield was calculated from m2 samples from each replicate to provide mean tons/acre for each treatment. Data were analyzed by ANOVA (P = 0.05; LSD).
The Effect of Adjuvants on Foliar Insecticide Efficacy Against Thrips in Cotton, 1995
Authors: Fife J. H. , Leonard B. R. , Torrey K. D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cotton seed was planted in a Gigger silt loam on 11 May at the Macon Ridge location of the Northeast Research Station. The seed was treated with Orthene 80S (8 oz form/cwt seed) and Terraclor Super X (10 lb form/acre) was applied at planting to reduce seedling disease problems. Plots in this test consisted of 2 rows (40 inch centers) X 25 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCB with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied with a tractor mounted boom equipped with compressed air delivery system calibrated to deliver 10 gpa through Teejet TVS 8001 flat fan nozzles (2/row) at 38 psi. Plots were treated on 25 May and sampled on 28 May (3 DAT), 30 May (5 DAT) and 1 Jun (7 DAT). Treatments were evaluated by randomly collecting 10 plants in each plot and processing samples with whole plant washing procedures. These plots received 0.23 inches of rainfall on 31 May and 0.58 inch of rainfall on 1 Jun. Data were analyzed with ANOVA, and means were separated according to DMRT.
Efficacy of Selected Insecticides Against Field Populations of Beet Armyworm, 1995
Authors: Mascarenhas V. J. , Graves J. B. , Leonard B. R. , Burris E. , Cook D. , Fife J. H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Field tests were conducted at the Northeast Research Stations located at St. Joseph and Winnsboro, LA to evaluate the efficacy of 3 registered and 3 experimental insecticides against beet armyworms on cotton. Each test was arranged in a RCBD and replicated 4 times with plots of 4 rows (40 inch centers) by 50 ft. In Test I, cotton (‘Stoneville LA 887’) was planted on 16 May. In Test I cotton (‘DPL 5690’) was planted on 20 Jun. Treatments for Tests I and II were applied with a high clearance sprayer on 15 and 30 Aug, respectively. In Test I, the sprayer was calibrated to deliver 10 gpa through Teejet X-12 hollow cone nozzles (2/row) at 52 psi. In Test II, the sprayer was calibrated to deliver 11.3 gpa through Teejet X-8 hollow cone nozzles (2/row) at 44 psi. Treatment efficacy was determined by taking 2 drop-cloth 3 ft2 samples of a single treated row. Samples were taken at 3, 5, 7 and 10 DAT on rows 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by means separation according to Fischer’s Protected LSD. No rainfall occurred during the experimental period in Test I. Only a trace (&lt; 0.05 inches) of rainfall was recorded during the experimental period in Test II at 7 DAT and it was not considered sufficient to affect insecticide efficacy.
Efficacy of Selected Insecticide Mixtures for Bollworm/Tobacco Budworm Control, 1995
Authors: Micinski S. , Scarborough R. G. , Forrester F. D. , Graves J. B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Nineteen treatments were evaluated at the Red River Research Station, Bossier City, LA, to determine their efficacy in controlling the bollworm/tobacco budworm complex on cotton. Plots were planted 5 May and were 4 rows X 100 ft on 40-inch centers. All plots had Temik 15G (0.5 lb [AI]/acre) and Terraclor Super-X 10-2.5G (1.0 + 0.25 lb [AI]/acre) applied infurrow at planting. The experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Plots were oversprayed with Vydate C-LV (0.25 lb [AI]/acre) for plant bugs and boll weevils on 6, 19, and 23 Jun and for boll weevils with Penncap-M (0.25 lb [AI]/acre) and twice with methyl parathion 4EC (0.33 lb [AI]/acre) on 3, 11, and 26 Aug, respectively. Plots were oversprayed for the bollworm/tobacco budworm complex with Karate 1EC (0.03 lb [AI]/acre) on 26 Aug. Insecticide treatments were applied in 5.4 gpa at 60 psi with TX-3 hollow-cone nozzles spaced 20 inches apart (2 nozzles/row). Treatments were applied with a high-clearance sprayer equipped with a CO2 system for spraying small plots. Insecticide treatments were applied on 21, 28 Jul, 7, and 14 Aug. Infestations of larvae and square damage were monitored on 24, 31 Jul and 11 Aug by examining 25 squares/plot. Boll damage was monitored on 18 Aug by examining 25 bolls/plot. Yields were determined by mechanically harvesting the center 2 rows of each plot on 9 Oct.
Evaluation of Gaucho Seed Treatments for Control of Thrips on Cotton in Mississippi, 1995
Authors: Reed Jack T. , Jackson C. S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides were evaluated at the North Mississippi Research and Extension Center, Verona, MS, in a RCB design with 5 replications. Plot size was 4 rows (38 inch spacing) wide by 50 ft long with no untreated buffer rows. Insecticides were applied as seed treatments planted with a John Deere 7100 planter equipped with cone planters. Plots were sampled 4 times on 5 to 7 d intervals by collecting 5 plants at random by cutting plants at ground level and gently placing them in Ziploc bags for transportation to the lab. Samples were then washed with a mixture of Clorox, water and a drop of dishwashing detergent into a sieve with 125 micron openings and backwashed onto filter paper. Adults were identified by use of a dissection microscope, and representative insects were mounted on microscope slides for verification of those identifications by use of phase contrast microscopy. Over 95% of the adults were tobacco thrips.
Efficacy of Fipronil and Provado Against Tarnished Plant Bugs in Cotton, 1994
Authors: Scott W. P. , Snodgrass Gordon L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A test was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Fipronil, Provado and Vydate (standard) against a heavy infestation of TPB during Aug at the USDA Southern Insect Management Laboratory, Stoneville, MS. Cotton was planted on 25 May. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications of 16 rows X 80 ft plots. Natural infestations were allowed to infest plots. Treatments were applied on 11 and 17 Aug with a John Deere high clearance sprayer with a CO2 charged delivery system calibrated to deliver 6 gpa at 40 psi through 2, TX-6 nozzles equally spaced per row. Treatments were sampled on 15 Aug and 19 Aug with a standard 15 inch diam sweep net by counting the combined populations of adults and nymphs in a 25-sweep sample/plot.
Control of Rice Water Weevil with Karate 1Ec, 1995
Authors: Way M. O. , Wallace R. G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiments were conducted at the TAMU Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont. Experiment I was water-seeded rice with continuous flood. The experiment was designed as a RCB with 6 treatments and 4 replications. Each plot was 15 ft X 8 ft and was surrounded by a metal barrier to prevent movement of insecticide. On 12 May plots were treated with Ordram 1 at 27 lb/acre and fertilized with urea at 110.5 lb N/acre followed by a light incorporation into dry, cloddy soil (League) with a rake. Plots were then flooded and sown (12 May) with presprouted Gulfmont seed at 130 lb dry seed/acre. To prepare presprouted seed, dry seed was soaked in water for 24 h then drained and allowed to air dry for 24 h before planting. Flood depth was about 4 inches and rice emerged through water 18 May–6 d after planting. Karate treatments were applied with a 4 nozzle (tip size 800067, 50 mesh screen), hand-held, CO2 pressurized spray rig. Final spray volume was 30 gpa. Furadan was applied with a hand-held shaker jar at the rate and time shown in Table 1. On 12 Jun (25 d after emergence of rice through water) 5, 4 inch diam X 4 inch deep soil cores (each core contained at least 1 rice plant) were removed from each plot, washed, and immature RWW recovered. At maturity (24 Aug) plots were harvested with a small combine and yields adjusted to 12% moisture. Insect counts were transformed using x+0.5 and all data analyzed by 2 way ANOVA and, where appropriate, DMRT.
Management of Japanese Beetle Grubs With Dursban, Talstar, and Experimental Formulations on a Golf Course Fairway in Centre County, Pennsylvania, 1995
Authors: Heller P. R. , Walker R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The turfgrass area consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (30%). Kentucky bluegrass (40%), and perennial ryegrass (30%). Treatment plots were 9 X 6 ft, arranged in a RCB design, replicated 3 times. Granular formulations were applied with a hand-held shaker and mixed with a fine grade top-dressing sand to facilitate product distribution. At treatment time (21 Aug) the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 73°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 84°F; soil temperature at 2 inch, 80°F; RH, 84%; amount of thatch, 0.25-0.75 inches; soil textural class, sandy loam; soil particle size analysis: 58.2% sand, 31.8% silt, 10.0% clay; organic matter, 4.9%; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 25.8; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.4; treatment time, early morning; and clear skies Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.25 inches of water. Posttreatment counts were completed on 26 Sep. Three ft2 sod samples were taken from each replicate, and the total number of viable Japanese beetle grubs/ft° was recorded.
Effect Of Spray Methods And Miticides On Control Of Twospotted Spider Mites Infesting Commercial Greenhouse Roses, 1995
Authors: Tjosvold Steven A. , Greene Ian D. , Colbert Don 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in a commercial cut rose greenhouse in Watsonville, California. Each treatment plot was 12 X 3 ft and consisted of 36 mature rose plants. Treatment plots were arranged in a randomized complete block experimental design with 4 replications. Before the treatments began, spider mite infested leaflets were selected and tagged to provide as uniform a spider mite population as possible to sample from during the experiment. Leaflets were selected from fully expanded 5-leaflet leaves. On 18 Oct, 3 leaflets in each treatment plot were randomly selected from the tagged infested leaflets; each leaflet was used as a subsample to determine the mean of the pretreatment population. In subsequent samplings, after the treatments were applied on 19 Oct. 5 leaflets were randomly selected in each treatment plot from the tagged leaflets and used as subsamples. Spider mites (motile stages) were counted immediately after removal of the leaflets from the treatment plots with the aid of a dissecting scope. Conventional spray application treatments were made with a standard spray wand with a 2 nozzled head at 400 gal / acre and 250 psi static pressure. Electrostatic spray application treatments were made with an Electrostatic Spraying Systems spray wand with a 3 nozzled head at 20 gal/acre.
Control Of Gypsy Moth On A Colorado Blue Spruce Nursery, Ottawa Co., Mi 1995
Authors: Smitley D. R. , Davis T. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
An 8 yr old (4-5 ft tall trees) Colorado blue spruce nursery planting in Robinson Township was used for this test. Each insecticide treatment was replicated 6 times with each replication consisting of 3 adjacent trees. Treatments 3, 4, & 5 consisted of multiple applications. All treatments were applied with a R&D CO2 powered backback unit using a single nozzle wand with an 8003 flat fan nozzle at 50 psi. Each tree was sprayed for 3 s on each of 3 sides (total of 9 s). Calculations were based on 100 gal of finished spray per 2000 trees (per acre). Precounts were done prior to application on treatment 2, 3, & 13 on 11 May for 3 min per tree. On 25 May 20 trees were counted by different samplers for 2 and 3 min each. This showed that accuracy was maintained by counting the trees for just 2 min. Treatments 2, 3 & 13 were sampled on 25 May prior to applications on treatments 3 & 13. All treatments were counted for 2 min on 1, 8 and 15 Jun. Live caterpillars that could be seen on branches, leaves and bark were counted. On 22 Jun, 35 trees were counted and only 2 larvae were found so the rest of the trees were not sampled. Large numbers of larvae infected with virus (NPV) were observed throughout the test.
Elm Leaf Beetle Control Studies in New Mexico, 1995
Authors: Ward Charles R. , Rector Amy , Kainz Juli , Suhr Bryan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Twenty-eight lacebark elm trees or tree groups in the Tom Bolack Urban Forestry Park, Albuquerque, NM, were assigned to 4 groups and analyzed as a RCB design. Trees assigned to receive the Merit® 75WP soil drench were treated on 12 May by applying 1 g AI per inch of trunk diam measured at 3 ft above ground level (AGL). Diam ranged from 6.5-36 inches total trunk diam and required 6.5-36 g Al/tree applied in 1 gal water per 100 sq. ft of active root area (to dripline). No special irrigation water was applied, but in the normal watering schedule the trees were drip irrigated that week. Other treatments were made utilizing a commercial piston pump sprayer at 400 psi. The variable gun nozzle required about 5 gal of spray mixture per tree to attain runoff. A foliar fertilizer was added as a spray buffer and foliar feed. Pretreatment evaluations were made by searching the randomly selected trees for hatched elm leaf beetle egg masses. In a few cases unhatched egg masses were included if required to have a total of 5 marked stems per tree. Each infested stem was marked 6–8 inches above the infested area with plastic flagging. Posttreatment evaluations were made by locating each marked limb and enumerating the numbers of live larvae.
Laboratory Evaluation Of Beauveria Bassiana With An Added Chemical Stressor, 1995
Authors: Reuter K. C. , Foster R. N. , Black L. R. , Britton J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Dimilin 2F was evaluated as a chemical stressor for the fungal pathogen, Beauveria bassiana, in simulated aerial sprays of laboratoryreared fourth instar grasshoppers. Dimilin is normally applied at the recommended rate of 0.015625 lb Al/acre forrangeland grasshopper control. In this study we used rates of onetenth or less of the recommended rate. A tower apparatus utilizing an airbrush was used to apply the candidate sprays. All of the treatments were applied at 1 gal/acre equivalent in oil and replicated 5 times. Conidia and formulation materials were provided by Mycotech Corporation. Annual ryegrass in pot
Apple, European Red Mite and Twospotted Spider Mite Control, 1995
Authors: Shamiyeh N. B. , Roberts C. H. , Mullins C. A. , Straw R. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Six treatments were evaluated at the Plateau Experiment Station, Crossville. The experimental design was RCB with four replicates. Plots consisted of single trees separated by one buffer tree. Blocks were separated by a row of trees. Insecticide treatments were applied using a ‘Solo’ gasoline powered sprayer providing 81.75 gpa of finished spray on 1 and 25 Aug. Latron B-1956 was added to all treatments at the rate of 4 oz/100 gal spray. Forty leaves from each tree were sampled at random and put in a plastic zip-lock bag on 7, 15, 22, 29 Aug and 5 Sep. Ten leaves from each bag were taken at random, and the number of mites per leaf was counted using a dissecting microscope. All data were subjected to ANOVA.
Root Weevil Control on Red Raspberry, 1995
Authors: Tanigoshi L. K. , Chamberlain J. D. , Shanks C. H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Trials were conducted in a mature field of ‘Chilliwack’ red raspberries in Vancouver, WA. Treatments were replicated 4 times to 9 X 600 ft plots in a RCB design. Sprays were applied on 27 Jul over rows with a hooded boom sprayer equipped with 13 hollow cone D4-45 TeeJet nozzles at 250 psi that delivered 180 gpa at 3 mph. AC 303,630, fipronyl and Brigade were evaluated for field efficacy to control a mixed population of black vine weevil (98%), strawberry root weevil (1%) and obscure root weevil (1%).
Apple, Obliquebanded Leafroller Control with Bacillus Thuringiensis Plus Adjuvants in Summer, 1995
Authors: Brunner J. F. , Doerr M. D. , Smith L. O. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Dipel 2X, alone and in combination with two spreader adjuvants, Latron B-1956, and Sylgard 309, and the Able and Biobit were evaluated for their ability to control OBLR larvae of the summer generation. The test was conducted in an apple orchard at Mattawa, WA. The trees were 3-yr-old Delicious on dwarfing roots. Treatments were applied to 8-tree plots replicated five times in a randomized complete block. All treatments were applied with a handgun sprayer at 300 psi to the point of drip simulating a dilute spray of approximately 400 gal/acre. The post-treatment evaluation was made on 26 Jul. The total number of live OBLR larvae found in a 10-min search on all 8 trees of a treatment replication was counted.
Control of Lepidopterous Insects on Cabbage, 1996
Authors: Shamiyeh N. B. , Straw R. A. , Mullins C. A. , Southards C. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Fourteen foliar insecticide treatments were compared with an untreated check for control of insects on cabbage at the University of Tennessee Plateau Experiment Station, Crossville, TN. Fertilization consisted of 500 lb/A of 10-10-10 applied broadcast and disk incorporated 29 Apr. Greenhouse-grown plants were transplanted 29 Apr. Weed control consisted of Treflan at 0.75 lb Al/acre applied PPI on 29 Apr, cultivation on 20 May, and Lentogran at 0.9 lb Al/acre post emergence on 6 Jun. Treatment plots consisted of 3 rows, each row being 3 ft wide and 10 ft long with 10 plants. Fifteen treatments were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. CS 7 at 0.25% v/v was added to Aphistar and Confirm. Treatments were applied on 13, 20, 27 Jun, and 3 Jul using backpack carbon dioxide powered hand sprayers. Spray volume was 80 gpa of finished spray. Treatments were evaluated by rating the percent of foliage damage. Marketable yields were recorded 29 Jul.
Foliar Sprays to Control Lepidopteran Larvae in Peppers, 1996
Authors: Speese John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Peppers were transplanted on 24 May at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of 2 rows 20 ft long with 3 ft between row spacing. An untreated guard row separated each plot from its neighbor. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design.