bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving People's Lives: What You Do is Important
Authors: Meehan Nathan 
Published: September 2016

President's column
Each SPE president chooses a tagline for his or her monthly column, often referencing an underlying theme. Improving people’s lives is what we do as petroleum engineers, so it is an important theme for us. Oil and natural gas production raises the standard of living of people throughout the world. In the coming months, I will use this column to talk about some of the challenges and opportunities we face and some of the great things happening with SPE members around the world.
Why did you choose to become a petroleum engineer? For decades, I have posed this question to students and young professionals and have received many interesting responses. All too often, the responses include, “I read that petroleum engineers have high starting salaries.” There is nothing wrong with making money; highly skilled professionals who have invested a great deal of time and effort in their education and work hard should be well paid. That being said, choosing petroleum engineering or going to work in the upstream oil and gas industry with an engineering, Earth science, or other technical degree should not be based solely on how much money one can make.
Imagine that a high school senior who respects and trusts you comes to you seeking advice. Her first question is, “What are the most important things I should look for in deciding on a career?” Quickly, name three things. Possible answers include enjoyable work, career/life balance, stress and hours required “on the job,” financial security, the opportunity to make a lot of money, location, opportunities for travel, advancement or continuing education, types of personal interactions, reputation of the company/industry you work for, or satisfaction that you are doing something important.
As our prospective college student learns these things, she will have a better idea about satisfying career choices. A friend of mine chose a high-stress Wall Street job that afforded him almost no personal life but a chance to make more money than most of his peers. His college roommate took a 40-hour-a-week job in his hometown and has no expectations of getting rich.
The oil and gas industry is a great place to work for technical professionals. It is exciting, challenging, and rewarding. While a few achieve great wealth, hardworking engineers and Earth scientists do not have to “strike oil” to do well in their careers. There are many types of jobs in our industry with varying levels of opportunities and risks. But what about the reputation of our industry? Are we doing something important?
The reputation of the oil and gas extractive industry is undeservedly low, typically among the lowest in any survey. Only ExxonMobil appears on the 2015 Fortune list of the top 50 most admired companies. Our industry’s reputation is unfairly tarnished in part by rare, high visibility oil spills and by a lack of understanding of the importance of energy in our society. We really do something very important for the world. Our role in the world is often unappreciated.
Sistemas de Gestión de Contenidos (SGC): una revisión sistemática de literatura
Authors: Gil Vera Víctor Daniel 
Published: September 2016

Los sistemas de gestión de contenidos (SGC) facilitan la creación y desarrollo de aplicaciones web. En la actualidad, gracias a la diversidad de programas y herramientas de código fuente abierto, tareas que requerían conocimientos y técnicas avanzadas de programación pueden hacerse con facilidad y en poco tiempo, facilitando el trabajo a profesionales y desarrolladores de software. Este trabajo es un resultado del proyecto de investigación "Sistema de información y Base de datos unificada para la población atendida Provincia San José en los diversos colectivos de los Religiosos Terciarios Capuchinos" cuyo objetivo principal era diseñar e implementar un sistema de información orientado a la web mediante la implementación de un sistema de gestión de contenidos (SGC), que permitiera gestionar la información de la población atendida en los centros de atención especializados (CAE) para menores infractores, de una manera integrada y unificada. Con el desarrollo de este trabajo se concluye que los sistemas de gestión de contenidos (SGC) facilitan la creación de sitios y aplicaciones web, la gestión y administración de la información gracias a su versatilidad y fácil implementación.
Caracterización físico-química de una vinaza resultante de la producción de alcohol de una industria licorera, a partir del aprovechamiento de la caña de azúcar
Authors: Aristizábal Alzate Carlos Esteban 
Published: September 2016

El presente artículo tiene como propósito ilustrar los resultados de la caracterización fisico-química de unas vinazas resultantes de la producción de etanol en una industria licorera, a partir del aprovechamiento de la caña de azúcar. Parámetros importantes son presentados para la determinación de la calidad y la evaluación de alternativas de tratamiento para este subproducto, como lo son la temperatura de ebullición, la densidad, entre otros, y parámetros de importancia para el tema de vertimientos líquidos, según la legislación colombiana, como lo son su pH y su curva de titulación.
Ways of Improvement of Safety and Efficiency of Endovenous Laser Coagulation in Treatment of Lower Limb Varicose Vein Disease
Authors: Kohan Roman , Goshchynsky Volodymyr 
Published: September 2016

Nowadays endovenous laser coagulation is the priority method of treatment of lower limb varicose vein disease. However, there are a number of specific complications that reduce efficiency of its usage.The objective of the research was to decrease specific postoperative complications after endovenous laser coagulation due to the introduction of its mathematical design.Materials and methods. The study included 168 patients with lower limb varicose vein disease. Prior to surgery the mathematical calculation of the basic parameters of laser coagulation such as density of laser irradiation and rate of reverse movement of the light pipe depending on the diameter of varicose veins was made. The control group consisted of 146 patients with varicose vein disease; the aforementioned parameters were established according to the instruction of using a laser device.Results. The analysis of complications such as induration of skin over coagulase great or small saphenous vein, phlebitis in the projection of the great or small saphenous vein, ecchymosis or dermatomelasma in the early postoperative period, pain syndrome showed the reduction in the number of complications while applying the mathematical model of calculation of linear density of laser radiation and the speed of reverse traction of the light pipe with its transfer to the graphic image.Conclusions. The application of the mathematical model of calculation of linear density of laser radiation and the speed of reverse traction of the light pipe with its transfer to the graphic image allows us to improve the results of endovenous laser coagulation for varicose veins due to the reduction in specific complications.
A cytomorphometric analysis of the oral mucosa in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Lamichhane RS , Boaz K , Natrajan S , Shrestha M 
Published: September 2016

Background: Although many of the pathological conditions of oral mucosa are clinically distinguishable, most lesions require a definitive diagnosis. This article tried the use of exfoliative cytology as an alternative tool in the screening, diagnosis and follow-up of diabetes mellitus.Materials and Methods: After rinsing the mouth with normal saline, slides were prepared from buccal mucosa and dorsum of tongue and fixed in 95% ethyl alcohol. The slides were stained with Papanicolaou stain and Acridine orange. Fifty clearly defined cells in each slide were visualized under light microscope for cytomorphometric analysis of cells using Image J software and under fluorescence microscope for assessment of nuclear alterations like micronuclei, nuclear budding, binucleation, multinucleation and karyorrhexis.Results: Statistically significant increase in Nuclear area BM (p = 0.000057), Nuclear Area Tongue (p= 0.0000113), total Nuclear Area (p= 000079), Cellular Area BM (p= 0.0475), Cellular Area Tongue (p= 0.0105), Total Cellular Area (p= 0.00496), Cytoplasmic Area Tongue (p= 0.00358), Total Cytoplasmic Area (p= 0.00268) were obtained from epithelial cells in the diabetic group when compared with the control group. Also the epithelial cells from the diabetic group showed features such as nuclear budding, micronuclei, binucleation, karyorrhexis and perinuclear halo. Conclusion: The objective demonstration of cytomorphometric and nuclear alterations by the oral exfoliated cells indicate the presence of cytological changes in the oral mucosa of diabetic patients despite the apparently normal clinical appearance. Hence, cytomorphometric analysis would aid the health professional as an additional non-invasive tool for the screening and monitoring of Diabetes Mellitus.
Primary intraosseous lymphoma at right femur
Authors: Upadhyaya P , Karki S , Paudyal P , Shrestha G , Shrestha A , Bastakoti S 
Published: September 2016

Lymphomas, the malignant neoplasms of the reticuloendothelial and lymphatic system, are classified based on characterisitic morphological pattern, immunophenotypic pattern and sometimes distinctive chromosomal aberrations. Most of the intraosseous lymphomas should be metastatic, and primary intraosseous lymphoma is a rare type of lymphoma, which accounts for only about 5% extranodal lymphoma. It accounts for approximately 3% of all primary bone malignancies.We report a case of 54 years lady presented with pain over right thigh since 3 to 4 months which suddenly increased. The clinico-radiological differential diagnosis was fibrous dysplasia, plasmacytoma or metastasis.The histological findings and immunohistochemistry being positive for CD20 and BCL2 negative are those of Lymphoma- Diffuse large B cell type. Radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy is the preferred modality of management.
Approaches to Regularized Regression – A Comparison between Gradient Boosting and the Lasso
Authors: Schmid Matthias , Gefeller Olaf , Waldmann Elisabeth , Mayr Andreas , Hepp Tobias 
Published: September 2016

Summary
Background: Penalization and regularization techniques for statistical modeling have attracted increasing attention in biomedical research due to their advantages in the presence of high-dimensional data. A special focus lies on algorithms that incorporate automatic variable selection like the least absolute shrinkage operator (lasso) or statistical boosting techniques. Objectives: Focusing on the linear regression framework, this article compares the two most-common techniques for this task, the lasso and gradient boosting, both from a methodological and a practical perspective. Methods: We describe these methods highlighting under which circumstances their results will coincide in low-dimensional settings. In addition, we carry out extensive simulation studies comparing the performance in settings with more predictors than observations and investigate multiple combinations of noise-to-signal ratio and number of true non-zero coeffcients. Finally, we examine the impact of different tuning methods on the results. Results: Both methods carry out penalization and variable selection for possibly highdimensional data, often resulting in very similar models. An advantage of the lasso is its faster run-time, a strength of the boosting concept is its modular nature, making it easy to extend to other regression settings. Conclusions: Although following different strategies with respect to optimization and regularization, both methods imply similar constraints to the estimation problem leading to a comparable performance regarding prediction accuracy and variable selection in practice.
SELF-DESTRUCTING SPIRAL WAVES: GLOBAL SIMULATIONS OF A SPIRAL-WAVE INSTABILITY IN ACCRETION DISKS
Authors: Bae Jaehan , Nelson Richard P. , Hartmann Lee , Richard Samuel 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
We present results from a suite of three-dimensional global hydrodynamic simulations that shows that spiral density waves propagating in circumstellar disks are unstable to the growth of a parametric instability that leads to break down of the flow into turbulence. This spiral wave instability (SWI) arises from a resonant interaction between pairs of inertial waves, or inertial-gravity waves, and the background spiral wave. The development of the instability in the linear regime involves the growth of a broad spectrum of inertial modes, with growth rates on the order of the orbital time, and results in a nonlinear saturated state in which turbulent velocity perturbations are of a similar magnitude to those induced by the spiral wave. The turbulence induces angular momentum transport and vertical mixing at a rate that depends locally on the amplitude of the spiral wave (we obtain a stress parameter α ∼ 5 × 10−4 in our reference model). The instability is found to operate in a wide range of disk models, including those with isothermal or adiabatic equations of state, and in viscous disks where the dimensionless kinematic viscosity ν ≤ 10−5. This robustness suggests that the instability will have applications to a broad range of astrophysical disk-related phenomena, including those in close binary systems, planets embedded in protoplanetary disks (including Jupiter in our own solar system) and FU Orionis outburst models. Further work is required to determine the nature of the instability and to evaluate its observational consequences in physically more complete disk models than we have considered in this paper.
HERSCHEL/HIFI SPECTRAL MAPPING OF C+, CH+, AND CH IN ORION BN/KL: THE PREVAILING ROLE OF ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATION IN CH+ FORMATION
Authors: Morris Patrick W. , Gupta Harshal , Nagy Zsofia , Pearson John C. , Ossenkopf-Okada Volker , Falgarone Edith , Lis Dariusz C. , Gerin Maryvonne , Melnick Gary , Neufeld David A. , Bergin Edwin A. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
The CH+ ion is a key species in the initial steps of interstellar carbon chemistry. Its formation in diverse environments where it is observed is not well understood, however, because the main production pathway is so endothermic (4280 K) that it is unlikely to proceed at the typical temperatures of molecular clouds. We investigate the formation of this highly reactive molecule with the first velocity-resolved spectral mapping of the CH+
J = 1−0, 2−1 rotational transitions, three sets of CH Λ-doubled triplet lines, 12C+ and 13C+

, and CH3OH 835 GHz E-symmetry Q-branch transitions, obtained with Herschel/HIFI over a region of ≈12 arcmin2 centered on the Orion BN/KL source. We present the spatial morphologies and kinematics, cloud boundary conditions, excitation temperatures, column densities, and 12C+ optical depths. Emission from all of C+, CH+, and CH is indicated to arise in the diluted gas, outside the explosive, dense BN/KL outflow. Our models show that UV irradiation provides favorable conditions for steady-state production of CH+ in this environment. Surprisingly, no spatial or kinematic correspondences of the observed species are found with H2
S(1) emission tracing shocked gas in the outflow. We propose that C+ is being consumed by rapid production of CO to explain the lack of both C+ and CH+ in the outflow. Hence, in star-forming environments containing sources of shocks and strong UV radiation, a description of the conditions leading to CH+ formation and excitation is incomplete without including the important—possibly dominant—role of UV irradiation.
Agricultural cooperatives in netchains
Authors: Iliopoulos C. , Cook M.L. , Chaddad F. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This special issue of the Journal on Chain and Network Science on ‘Agricultural cooperatives in netchains’ includes new research on three research themes: (1) explanation of why are cooperatives particularly important in certain food netchains; (2) willingness of farmers to invest in their cooperative’s netchain; and (3) the role of ambidexterity in the emergence of multi-stakeholder cooperatives. The issue is organized into six papers; one editorial and five research papers. The findings reported in this issue inform scholarly work on agricultural cooperatives through multiple theoretical lenses and empirical approaches. They also have important managerial and public policy implications.
Unusual imaging presentation of infantile atypical Kawasaki disease
Authors: Kumar Nishith , Mittal Mahesh Kumar , Sinha Mukul , Gupta Arpita , Thukral Brij Bhushan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractKawasaki disease is a systemic medium vessel vasculitis of unknown etiology affecting children under 5 years of age. There are no specific diagnostic tests, and thus, the diagnosis of the disease is primarily made on the basis of clinical criteria. Unusual presentations of Kawasaki disease have been variably reported from different parts of the world. However, presentation of the disease in the form of peripheral thromboembolism and florid non-coronary aneurysms has rarely been described This report describes the imaging findings in infantile atypical Kawasaki disease with aneurysms of multiple medium-sized arteries, including coronary arteries, emphasizing the detection of clinically silent aneurysms in the disease.
Healthcare Applications of Smart Watches
Authors: Lu Tsung-Chien , Fu Chia-Ming , Ma Matthew , Fang Cheng-Chung , Turner Anne 
Published: September 2016

SummaryThe aim of this systematic review is to synthesize research studies involving the use of smart watch devices for healthcare.The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was chosen as the systematic review methodology. We searched PubMed, CINAHL Plus, EMBASE, ACM, and IEEE Xplore. In order to include ongoing clinical trials, we also searched ClinicalTrials.gov. Two investigators evaluated the retrieved articles for inclusion. Discrepancies between investigators regarding article inclusion and extracted data were resolved through team discussion.356 articles were screened and 24 were selected for review. The most common publication venue was in conference proceedings (13, 54%). The majority of studies were published or presented in 2015 (19, 79%). We identified two registered clinical trials underway. A large proportion of the identified studies focused on applications involving health monitoring for the elderly (6, 25%). Five studies focused on patients with Parkinson’s disease and one on cardiac arrest. There were no studies which reported use of usability testing before implementation.Most of the reviewed studies focused on the chronically ill elderly. There was a lack of detailed description of user-centered design or usability testing before implementation. Based on our review, the most commonly used platform in healthcare research was that of the Android Wear. The clinical application of smart watches as assistive devices deserves further attention.Smart watches are unobtrusive and easy to wear. While smart watch technology supplied with biosensors has potential to be useful in a variety of healthcare applications, rigorous research with their use in clinical settings is needed.Citation: Lu T-C, Fu C-M, Ma M H-M, Fang C-C, Turner AM. Healthcare applications of smart watches: A systematic review.
Atmospheric lifetimes, infrared absorption spectra, radiative forcings and global warming potentials of NF3 and CF3CF2Cl (CFC-115)
Authors: Totterdill Anna , Kovács Tamás , Feng Wuhu , Dhomse Sandip , Smith Christopher J. , Gómez-Martín Juan Carlos , Chipperfield Martyn P. , Forster Piers M. , Plane John M. C. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Fluorinated compounds such as NF3 and C2F5Cl (CFC-115) are characterised by very large global warming potentials (GWPs), which result from extremely long atmospheric lifetimes and strong infrared absorptions in the atmospheric window. In this study we have experimentally determined the infrared absorption cross sections of NF3 and CFC-115, calculated the radiative forcing and efficiency using two radiative transfer models and identified the effect of clouds and stratospheric adjustment. The infrared cross sections are within 10 % of previous measurements for CFC-115 but are found to be somewhat larger than previous estimates for NF3, leading to a radiative efficiency for NF3 that is 25 % larger than that quoted in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report. A whole atmosphere chemistry–climate model was used to determine the atmospheric lifetimes of NF3 and CFC-115 to be (509 ± 21) years and (492 ± 22) years, respectively. The GWPs for NF3 are estimated to be 15 600, 19 700 and 19 700 over 20, 100 and 500 years, respectively. Similarly, the GWPs for CFC-115 are 6030, 7570 and 7480 over 20, 100 and 500 years, respectively.
Non-Timber Forest Products Trade and Community Livelihoods around Mabira Central Forest Reserve, Uganda
Authors: Tugume Patience , Buyinza Mukadasi , Kakudidi Esezah , Mucunguzi Patrick , Kalema James , Kamatenesi Maud , Namaalwa Justine 
Published: September 2016

This paper generates data on the diversity and value of non- timber forest products (NTFPs) traded in markets adjacent to Mabira Central forest reserve. The objective of the study was to evaluate the contribution of NTFPs trade to the livelihoods of traders’ households. Quarterly market surveys and field observations were conducted in eleven markets in 2014. All NTFPs traders were interviewed using semi structured questionnaires. Simple profitability method was used to determine the profit margins of the traded products. The per capita value of NTFPs traded was calculated and was highest for drums ($ 3,101) and lowest for winnowing trays ($3). All products had profit margins above 60%. Income generated from NTFP trade was used to cater for other essential needs in households like payment of school fees, medical treatment, buying food and other household items. NTFP trade has potential of improving the lives of traders through establishment of NTFP enterprises. In order for such enterprises to be successful forest products traded must be harvested sustainably to ensure consistent supply of the products. Multipurpose species like Markhamia lutea, Phoenix reclinata, Raphia farinifera and Calmus sp. should be domesticated to minimize pressure on the forest. Keywords: Market, non-timber forest products, trade, profitability, income, Mabira, livelihood