bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Substrate and TBARS variability in a multi‐phase oxidation system
Authors: Ghani Md Ahsan , Barril Celia , Bedgood Danny R. , Prenzler Paul D. 
Published: September 2016

The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay is widely used to measure antioxidant activity in the presence of lipid substrates such as linoleic acid (LA). In one version of this assay, LA is oxidized with and without antioxidant in a multi‐phase system in which LA lies over the surface of the aqueous layer of catalyst and antioxidant solution, with dissolved and atmospheric oxygen. Results from this assay showed low precision and therefore we conducted a systematic study to identify possible sources of variability including: order of addition of reactants; pre‐formed peroxides in LA (as precursors of TBARS); and the effect of different concentrations of added antioxidant, Trolox. These investigations showed that all contributed to variability of both formation of oxidation products and the antioxidant activity of Trolox. Furthermore, through the use of LA with pre‐formed peroxides removed, it was discovered that antioxidant activities reported in other studies using this system were most likely not due to the protective effect of antioxidant against formation of primary oxidation products. Rather, the antioxidant is likely to interfere with the radical scission of pre‐formed peroxides, resulting in lower TBARS.Practical applications: The results obtained from the TBARS assay have been used to interpret the potential antioxidant value of compounds added to lipid‐containing food products, such as in oil and meat. Alternatively, the TBARS assay has been used to assess multiple compounds or extracts to rank their effectiveness as antioxidants, thus selecting the most active ones for further study. In both cases, pre‐formed peroxides in the system may not be routinely measured. The results from this study suggest that pre‐formed peroxides may have a large impact on the results of antioxidant studies when TBARS are the measure of oxidation. Therefore, further research in other systems is necessary to ensure that robust antioxidant measurements are being performed.TBARS variability: absorbance values at 532 nm for different batches of linoleic acid. Absorbance values show TBARS variability in a multi‐phase oxidation system in measuring antioxidant activity of 250 and 1000 µM Trolox.
Oxygen Reduction on Anthraquinone Diazonium Compound Derivatised Multi‐walled Carbon Nanotube and Graphene Based Electrodes
Authors: Mooste Marek , Kibena‐Põldsepp Elo , Matisen Leonard , Tammeveski Kaido 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn this work, graphene and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes were derivatised with anthraquinone (AQ) groups using spontaneous or electrochemical grafting of Fast Red AL salt. Glassy carbon (GC) electrodes were coated with AQ‐modified carbon nanomaterials to study the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). These nanomaterials were characterised by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and multilayer formation of AQ on the electrografted electrodes was observed. All the modified electrodes showed enhanced electrocatalytic activity towards the ORR in alkaline media. High AQ loading on the electrodes was found and the number of electrons transferred per O2 molecule was between 2 and 4. In addition, the stability testing of AQ‐derivatised carbon nanomaterial‐coated GC electrodes was performed.
Forecasting the Daily Time‐Varying Beta of European Banks During the Crisis Period: Comparison Between GARCH Models and the Kalman Filter
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Choudhry Taufiq 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis intention of this paper is to empirically forecast the daily betas of a few European banks by means of four generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) models and the Kalman filter method during the pre‐global financial crisis period and the crisis period. The four GARCH models employed are BEKK GARCH, DCC GARCH, DCC‐MIDAS GARCH and Gaussian‐copula GARCH. The data consist of daily stock prices from 2001 to 2013 from two large banks each from Austria, Belgium, Greece, Holland, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain. We apply the rolling forecasting method and the model confidence sets (MCS) to compare the daily forecasting ability of the five models during one month of the pre‐crisis (January 2007) and the crisis (January 2013) periods. Based on the MCS results, the BEKK proves the best model in the January 2007 period, and the Kalman filter overly outperforms the other models during the January 2013 period. Results have implications regarding the choice of model during different periods by practitioners and academics. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stationary Phases for Complexation Gas Chromatography and Microextraction Methods
Authors: Rykowska Iwona , Wasiak Wiesław 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe main goal of this review is to provide an overview of the trends in the technological development of complexation gas chromatography. This kind of chromatography, despite the passage of years, continues to offer new opportunities. The authors would like to show how complexation gas chromatography evolved over the years, due to the variety of stationary phases with complexation properties, their ability to separate, very specifically, the structures of the molecules and chemical compounds, improving the quality of the obtained results, and continuously lowering the detection limits of the analysed compounds in very complex matrices, including environmental and medical samples. The work is dedicated to the memory of Professor E. Gil‐Av, whose scientific achievements were the inspiration for the improvement and widening of the research on the use of complexing metal ions and coordination metal compounds for selective separation in gas chromatography.
Laser thermal therapy monitoring using complex differential variance in optical coherence tomography
Authors: Lo William C. Y. , Uribe‐Patarroyo Néstor , Nam Ahhyun S. , Villiger Martin , Vakoc Benjamin J. , Bouma Brett E. 
Published: September 2016

Conventional thermal therapy monitoring techniques based on temperature are often invasive, limited by point sampling, and are indirect measures of tissue injury, while techniques such as magnetic resonance and ultrasound thermometry are limited by their spatial resolution. The visualization of the thermal coagulation zone at high spatial resolution is particularly critical to the precise delivery of thermal energy to epithelial lesions. In this work, an integrated thulium laser thermal therapy monitoring system was developed based on complex differential variance (CDV), which enables the 2D visualization of the dynamics of the thermal coagulation process at high spatial and temporal resolution with an optical frequency domain imaging system. With proper calibration to correct for noise, the CDV‐based technique was shown to accurately delineate the thermal coagulation zone, which is marked by the transition from high CDV upon heating to a significantly reduced CDV once the tissue is coagulated, in 3 different tissue types ex vivo: skin, retina, and esophagus. The ability to delineate thermal lesions in multiple tissue types at high resolution opens up the possibility of performing microscopic image‐guided procedures in a vast array of epithelial applications ranging from dermatology, ophthalmology, to gastroenterology and beyond.
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Symptom Reduction Without Remoralization: A Randomized, Waiting‐List Controlled Study Aimed at Separating Two Beneficial Psychotherapy Outcome Effects
Authors: Vissers Wiede , Keijsers Ger P.J. , Kampman Mirjam , Hendriks Gert‐Jan , Rijnders Paul , Hutschemaekers Giel J.M. 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveTreatment effects in psychotherapy outcome research are generally based on the reduction of symptoms. Standard inclusion of other beneficial treatment effects such as remoralization (increase of hope, self‐efficacy, well‐being) might lead to more elaborate findings in the field of psychotherapy. On the other hand, it is also possible that symptom reduction and remoralization always go hand in hand in the experience of patients. The present study sought to experimentally test this assumption.MethodA total of 78 patients suffering from panic disorder were randomly assigned to brief remoralization treatment, brief exposure treatment, or waiting list (WL).ResultsBoth treatments increased remoralization and both reduced symptoms of panic disorder as compared to WL.ConclusionIt is unlikely that patients experience remoralization without symptom reduction or symptom reduction without remoralization. These findings do not favor the assumption that conclusions within psychotherapy outcome research are flawed because of its heavy reliance on measurements of symptom reduction.
Application of Taguchi method in optimizing the microstructure of 316LN austenitic stainless steel
Authors: Zhang M. X. , Yang B. , Wang S. L. , Chen Y. F. 
Published: September 2016

The hot deformation behavior of AISI 316LN austenitic stainless steel was studied through isothermal hot deformation tests conducted on Gleeble 1500 thermo‐simulation machine. By using Taguchi method with an L16 (43) orthogonal array, the hot deformation conditions including deformation temperature, strain rate and strain were optimized for obtaining minimum mean grain size of the steel. Analysis of variance was used for determining the effect of the hot deformation parameters on the mean grain size. The results suggested that the strain had the most significant effect on the mean grain size among the three factors. The percent contributions of deformation temperature, strain rate and strain to the mean grain size were 0.80 %, 2.45 % and 93.32 %, respectively. Finally, the confirmation experiment under the optimum conditions, i.e., 1050 °C temperature, 0.01 s–1 strain rate and 0.7 strain was carried out. The observational mean grain size (11.4 μm) is approximately twelve times smaller than that of the initial microstructure.
Cation‐anion radical interactions between halopyridinium cations and metal dithiolene complexes [M(C2S2)2CN]−•: A theoretical study of halogen bonds in conducting or magnetic molecular materials
Authors: Zhao Chengxi , Lu Yunxiang , Wang Guimin , Zhu Weiliang 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMetal dithiolene complexes have been extensively used for the elaboration of conducting or magnetic materials, whose molecular arrangements can be sensitively influenced by strong and directional noncovalent interactions. In this work, halogen bonds between N‐methyl‐3‐halopyridinium cations and cyano‐substituted anion radicals, [M(C2S2)2CN]−• (M = Ni, Pd, and Pt), were systematically investigated at the M06 level of theory. The CN···X interactions in these systems are predicted to be considerably strong and play a vital role in the controlling of the crystal structures of molecular conductors and magnets. The electrostatics contributes mainly to the attraction of these halogen bonds, while the orbital interaction is also important. Particularly, the formation of these interactions has little effect on the distribution of SOMOs, which is strongly delocalized on the two dithiolene moieties. These results will assist in the design of functional materials that exhibit exotic conducting or magnetic properties.
Structure‐Based System Dynamics Analysis of Engineering Design Processes
Authors: Kasperek Daniel , Schenk Daniel , Kreimeyer Matthias , Maurer Maik , Lindemann Udo 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTThe dynamic process behavior of Engineering Design Processes (EDPs) needs to be understood in order to distribute resources appropriately as well as for cost and schedule calculation. Currently, structural and behavioral modeling approaches are used in the context of EDP management. In many use cases, it is essential to have at hand both the static structural view and the dynamic behavioral one. Currently, however, the two modeling approaches cannot be sufficiently combined. Within this work, a framework for the structure‐based System Dynamics analysis of EDPs is presented. It uses structural models as a basis for constructing System Dynamics models to simulate the process behavior and thereby supports understanding the correlation of process structure and behavior. This framework was iteratively developed by conducting case studies and consists of three layers, a five‐step procedure and special support for the transformation of the models. For the validation, a subset of the design process at a large German commercial vehicle manufacturer has been chosen. Based on the application of the framework during a six‐month project at the company, the industrial experts rated the framework as beneficial for the purpose of optimizing EDPs. Furthermore, they stated that the transparent representation of the sequence of the process, influencing factors and control variables in combination with the quantitative data had improved their understanding of the overall process.
Anti‐tumor effects of nitidine on camptothecin‐resistant A549 cells in a xenograft mouse model
Authors: Taira Naoyuki , Inafuku Masashi , Oku Hirosuke 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTAimNitidine (NTD) has been reported to specifically inhibit the growth of human A549 non‐small‐cell lung cancer cells via selective intracellular accumulation. Our recent study showed that NTD preferentially accumulates in camptothecin‐resistant A549 cells (CRC) compared with normal A549 cells (nA549) in vitro. Here, we examined the in vivo anti‐tumor effects of NTD on CRC‐derived tumors and oral treatment on nA549 using a xenograft mouse model.MethodsCancer cells were intradermally inoculated into the back of mice. Then, 100 µg NTD was injected i.p. into the nA549‐ or CRC‐derived tumor‐bearing mice. To confirm the anti‐tumor effects of oral NTD, the nA549‐transplanted mice were fed a diet containing NTD concentrate prepared from
Toddalia asiatica Lam.ResultsThe anti‐tumor effect of NTD (i.p.) manifested earlier in CRC‐derived tumors than in the A549‐derived tumors. Oral NTD concentrate also significantly inhibited the growth of the nA549‐derived tumors. NTD was detected in the tumor but not in other tissues in the NTD concentrate‐fed mice.Conclusion
CRC‐derived tumor was more susceptible to NTD treatment than nA549‐derived tumor. Furthermore, the anti‐tumor effect of oral NTD and its preferential accumulation in tumor tissues have been demonstrated for the first time. This may be useful for the development of safe anti‐cancer drugs.
Efficacy of fixed-dosing aflibercept for treating polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: 1-year results of the VAULT study
Authors: Lee Joo Eun , Shin Jae Pil , Kim Hyun Woong , Chang Woohyok , Kim Yu Cheol , Lee Sang Joon , Chung In Young , Lee Ji Eun ,   VAULT study group, Lee Joo Eun , Shin Jae Pil , Kim Hyun Woong , Chang Woohyok , Kim Yu Cheol , Lee Sang Joon , Chung In Young , Kim Kwang Soo , Park Sung Who , Lee Ji Eun 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Purpose
To investigate fixed-dosing aflibercept for treating polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).

Methods
This phase IV, prospective, single-arm, interventional case series was conducted in eight centers. Forty treatment-naïve PCV patients were administered three monthly doses of intravitreal aflibercept (2.0 mg) and an injection every 2 months thereafter. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central subfield macular thickness (CSMT) were measured at each visit. Fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) were performed at baseline, 3 and 12 months. The primary outcome measure was the proportion of patients who maintained BCVA (<15 letters loss) at 12 months. Changes in BCVA, macular appearance, and polypoidal lesion appearance were also examined.

Results
Thirty-five eyes (87.5 %) had maintained BCVA at 12 months. Average BCVA was significantly higher at 12 months (20/53, 64.2 letters) than at baseline (20/80, 55.1 letters, 9-letter gain; P < .001). Mean CSMT was significantly lower at 12 months (253.6 μm) than at baseline (365.2 μm, P < .001). The macula was dry in 32 (76.2 %), 27 (64.3 %), and 24 eyes (60.0 %) at 3, 6, and 12 months respectively. Fourteen eyes (33.3 %) had a fluid recurrence or increase at 6 months, and they had a significantly lower vision gain (P = .005) than other patients at 12 months. Complete polyp regression occurred in 26 eyes (66.7 %) at 12 months.

Conclusions
Fixed-dosing aflibercept showed favorable outcomes in PCV patients at 12 months. However, some patients had worse outcomes because of fluid recurrence during maintenance dosing, and these patients would require additional treatments.
Prevalence of undernutrition and associated factors
Authors: Pal Amitava , Pari Amal Kumar , Sinha Arunangshu , Dhara Prakash C. 
Published: September 2016

Background and objectives:Malnutrition is a silent emergency and it is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality among children and adolescent throughout the world. The present study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of malnutrition among 10 to 17 years old adolescent and its association with socio-demographic factors.Design and setting:This community based cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted between May 2014 to April 2015 on 839 subjects.Subjects and methods:Anthropometric measures were measured in 560 adolescents in rural areas of West Bengal state, India, by using standard technique. Different socio-demographic variables were studied by questioner method.Results:In the present investigation, about 54% of adolescents were stunted and 49% were thin. The adolescents belonged to lower social class were significantly more likely to be stunted (OR = 2.68) and thin (OR = 2.44). Other variables like father's occupation, mother's education, economic status and sanitation showed significant and negative association with undernutrition. However, mother's working status showed significant and positive association with undernutrition. Adolescents of working mothers were more likely to be stunted and thin than those who do not worked outside of the home. The adolescents of women with higher education were less likely to be undernourished than adolescents of poor and uneducated women. Adolescents of nuclear families (family size <4) were more likely to be stunted and thin.Conclusions:Poverty is found to be an important factor of undernutrition among the adolescents. So there is a require to implement well-thought poverty reduction actions along with providing mass education regarding nutrition and health with a special focus on economically and socially deprived sections of the society.
Hegel’s ‘Bad Infinity’ as a Logical Problem
Authors: Kolman Vojtěch 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe paper analyses the concept of ‘bad infinity’ in connection with Hegel’s critique of infinitesimal calculus and with the belittling of Hegel’s mathematical notions by the representatives of modern logic and the foundations of mathematics. The main line of argument draws on the observation that Hegel’s difference is only derivatively a mathematical one and is primarily of a broadly logico-epistemological nature. Because of this, the concept of bad infinity can be fruitfully utilized, by way of inversion, in an analysis of the conceptual shortcomings of the most prominent foundational attempts at dealing with infinite quanta, such as Cantor’s set theory and Hilbert’s axiomatism. As such, the paper is an attempt at reconstructing Hegel’s philosophy of mathematics and its role in his philosophical system and, more importantly, as a contribution to logic in the more general and radical sense of the word.
Stratigraphy, mammalian paleontology, paleoecology, and age correlation of the Wasatch Formation, Fossil Butte National Monument, Wyoming
Authors: Gunnell Gregg F. , Zonneveld John-Paul , Bartels William S. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractFieldwork conducted in the Wasatch Formation in and around Fossil Butte has yielded a diverse assemblage of early Eocene vertebrates. Fossil vertebrates are distributed through three discrete stratigraphic intervals within the uppermost 180 m of the main body of the Wasatch Formation underlying the Green River Formation. These assemblages were derived primarily from fluvial overbank mudstone units overprinted with variably well-developed paleosols. The lowest (20 m) and highest (60 m) sections are characterized by less mature and more hydromorphic paleosols, whereas the middle section (100 m) is typified by more mature paleosols and more abundant channel sandstones.The combined assemblages contain at least 46 species of mammals. Faunal characteristics include high abundances of equid perissodactyls and a relatively high abundance and diversity of notharctines primates, an apparent absence of omomyid primates, relatively high rodent diversity, and relatively diverse and abundant artiodactyls. One new genus (Eoictopsnew genus) and three new species (Eoictops novacekinew species,Palaeosinopa lacusnew species, and ?Notoparamys blochinew species) are included in the Fossil Butte assemblage. Also recorded are late occurrences of two hyopsodontid condylarths and an early occurrence of a rare phenacodontid condylarth. The relatively high abundances of equids and notharctines suggest that vertebrate samples were derived from relatively open paleohabitats that included forested areas along water courses.All three assemblages contain characteristic Lysitean (Wasatchian biochron Wa-6) elements, but the occurrence of the palaeotheriid perissodactylLambdotheriumin the uppermost horizon indicates a Lostcabinian (Wa-7) age for at least the top of the Wasatch Formation. The overlying predominantly fish-bearing Fossil Butte Member of the Green River Formation also containsLambdotheriumand is therefore Wa-7 in age as well.
A large eagle (Aves, Accipitridae) from the early Miocene of Panama
Authors: Steadman David. W. , MacFadden Bruce J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe report the first Tertiary bird fossil from Central America, an ungual phalanx from a large, unknown genus and species of Accipitridae from the early Miocene Centenario Fauna, Panama. This specimen provides another example of a Neogene bird from North and Central America with its possible closest living relatives occurring today in Africa. In contrast, there is no evidence of African affinities among the reptile or mammal fossils from the Centenario Fauna.
Callovian and Oxfordian (Jurassic) teuthids (Coleoidea, Cephalopoda) from Chile
Authors: Riccardi Alberto C. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractColeoid specimens from the Jurassic of northern Chile are included in two different species ofTrachyteuthis, i.e.,T. covacevichiFuchs and Schultze, 2008 andT. chilensisn. sp., and in a new genus and a new species,Pseudoteudopsis perezin. gen. n. sp. The specimens described and figured are from two different areas in northern Chile. Those referred toPseudoteudopsis perezin. gen. n. sp. came from a locality north of Calama and are associated with ammonites indicating the lower Callovian uppermostbodenbenderito lowermostproximumzones (≈gracilisStandard Zone) of the Andean ammonite zonation. Those described asT. covacevichiandT. chilensisn. sp. came from the Cordillera de Domeyko, northeast of Taltal, and are associated with ammonites indicating the middle OxfordiantransversariumZone.