bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-Grade Cervical Dysplasia After Negative Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure
Authors: Kuroki Lindsay M. , James-Nywening Laura , Wu Ningying , Liu Jingxia , Powell Matthew A. , Thaker Premal H. , Massad L. Stewart 
Published: August 2016

Objectives
To describe the prevalence and correlates of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2+) after a negative loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP), performed for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) cervical cytology.

Methods
One hundred six women from our university-based colposcopy clinic underwent LEEP between 2007 and 2014. Negative LEEP was defined as CIN1 or less. Persistence/recurrence estimates were calculated by treatment (see-and-treat vs 3-step conventional strategy—cervical cytology, colposcopic biopsy, LEEP) and LEEP results (negative vs positive) using the Kaplan-Meier method. Predictors of CIN2+ after a negative LEEP were examined by multivariate Cox proportional hazards model.

Results
Overall, the prevalence of CIN2+ after a negative LEEP for HSIL was 14%. Persistence/recurrence of CIN2+ was similar between women with a negative and positive see-and-treat LEEP (25% vs 15%) and those with a negative or positive 3-step conventional LEEP (7% vs 22%) (log-rank, P = 0.58). Positive LEEP margin was more common among women with a positive LEEP (53.7% see-and-treat vs 42.6% conventional) compared with a negative result (0% see-and-treat vs 3.7% conventional, P < 0.0001). The risk of CIN2+ after a negative LEEP did not differ by management strategy (log-rank, P = 0.85) or LEEP result (log-rank, P = 0.58). In multivariate analysis, correlates of persistent/recurrent CIN2+ included older age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.09; P = 0.0003), history of previous LEEP (aOR, 8.99; P < 0.0001), and positive LEEP margin (aOR, 13.56; P = 0.0005).

Conclusions
A negative LEEP does not allow less stringent surveillance, as CIN2+ risk is similar to that after CIN2+ is found in the LEEP specimen, whether the specimen was obtained by see-and-treat or conventional 3-step approach.
Convenient Access to Professional Interpreters in the Hospital Decreases Readmission Rates and Estimated Hospital Expenditures for Patients With Limited English Proficiency
Authors: Karliner Leah S. , Pérez-Stable Eliseo J. , Gregorich Steven E. 
Published: August 2016

Background:
Twenty-five million people in the United States have limited English proficiency (LEP); this growing and aging population experiences worse outcomes when hospitalized. Federal requirements that hospitals provide language access services are very challenging to implement in the fast-paced, 24-hour hospital environment.

Objective:
To determine if increasing access to professional interpreters improves hospital outcomes for older patients with LEP.

Design:
Natural experiment on a medicine floor of an academic hospital.

Participants:
Patients age 50 years or above discharged between January 15, 2007 and January 15, 2010.

Exposure:
Dual-handset interpreter telephone at every bedside July 15, 2008 to Mar 14, 2009.

Outcome Measures:
Thirty-day readmission, length of stay, estimated hospital expenditures.

Results:
Of 8077 discharges, 1963 were for LEP, and 6114 for English proficient patients. There was a significant decrease in observed 30-day readmission rates for the LEP group during the 8-month intervention period compared with 18 months preintervention (17.8% vs. 13.4%); at the same time English proficient readmission rates increased (16.7% vs. 19.7%); results remained significant in adjusted analyses. This improved readmission outcome for the LEP group was not maintained during the subsequent postintervention period when the telephones became less accessible. There was no significant intervention impact on length of stay in either unadjusted or adjusted analyses. After accounting for interpreter services costs, the estimated 119 readmissions averted during the intervention period were associated with estimated monthly hospital expenditure savings of $161,404.

Conclusions:
Comprehensive language access represents an important, high value service that all medical centers should provide to achieve equitable, quality healthcare for vulnerable LEP populations.
Barriers to Care and Health Care Utilization Among the Publicly Insured
Authors: Allen Elizabeth M. , Call Kathleen T. , Beebe Timothy J. , McAlpine Donna D. , Johnson Pamela Jo 
Published: August 2016

Background:
Although the Affordable Care Act has been successful in expanding Medicaid to >17 million people, insurance alone may not translate into access to health care. Even among the insured, substantial barriers to accessing services inhibit health care utilization.

Objectives:
We examined the effect of selected barriers to health care access and the magnitude of those barriers on health care utilization.

Research Design:
Data come from a 2008 survey of adult enrollees in Minnesota’s public health care programs. We used multivariate logistic regression to estimate the effects of perceived patient, provider, and system-level barriers on past year delayed, foregone, and lack of preventive care.

Subjects:
A total of 2194 adults enrolled in Minnesota Health Care Programs who were mostly female (66%), high school graduates (76%), unemployed (62%), and living in metro areas (67%) were included in the analysis.

Results:
Reporting problems across all barriers increased the odds of delayed care from 2 times for provider-related barriers (OR=2.0; 95% CI, 1.2–3.3) to >6 times for access barriers (OR=6.2; 95% CI, 3.8–10.2) and foregone care from 2.6 times for family/work barriers (OR=2.6; 95% CI, 1.3–5.1) to >7 times for access barriers (OR=7.1; 95% CI, 3.9–13.1). Perceived discrimination was the only barrier consistently associated with all 3 utilization outcomes.

Conclusions:
Multiple types of barriers are associated with delayed and foregone care. System-level barriers and discrimination have the greatest effect on health care seeking behavior.
Depressive Symptoms and Salivary Telomere Length in a Probability Sample of Middle-Aged and Older Adults
Authors: Whisman Mark A. , Richardson Emily D. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Objective
To examine the association between depressive symptoms and salivary telomere length in a probability sample of middle-aged and older adults, and to evaluate age and sex as potential moderators of this association and test whether this association was incremental to potential confounds.

Methods
Participants were 3,609 individuals from the 2008 wave of the Health and Retirement Study. Telomere length assays were performed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction on DNA extracted from saliva samples. Depressive symptoms were assessed via interview, and health and lifestyle factors, traumatic life events, and neuroticism were assessed via self-report. Regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations between predictor variables and salivary telomere length.

Results
After adjusting for demographics, depressive symptoms were negatively associated with salivary telomere length (b = −.003; p = .014). Furthermore, this association was moderated by sex (b = .005; p = .011), such that depressive symptoms were significantly and negatively associated with salivary telomere length for men (b = − .006; p < .001) but not for women (b = − .001; p = .644). The negative association between depressive symptoms and salivary telomere length in men remained statistically significant after additionally adjusting for cigarette smoking, body mass index, chronic health conditions, childhood and lifetime exposure to traumatic life events, and neuroticism.

Conclusions
Higher levels of depressive symptoms were associated with shorter salivary telomeres in men, and this association was incremental to several potential confounds. Shortened telomeres may help account for the association between depression and poor physical health and mortality.
Metacoder: An R Package for Visualization and Manipulation of Community Taxonomic Diversity Data
Authors: Foster Zachary S. L. , Sharpton Thomas J. , Grünwald Niklaus J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCommunity-level data, the type generated by an increasing number of metabarcoding studies, is often graphed as stacked bar charts or pie graphs that use color to represent taxa. These graph types do not convey the hierarchical structure of taxonomic classifications and are limited by the use of color for categories. As an alternative, we developedmetacoder, an R package for easily parsing, manipulating, and graphing publication-ready plots of hierarchical data.Metacoderincludes a dynamic and flexible function that can parse most text-based formats that contain taxonomic classifications, taxon names, taxon identifiers, or sequence identifiers.Metacodercan then subset, sample, and order this parsed data using a set of intuitive functions that take into account the hierarchical nature of the data. Finally, an extremely flexible plotting function enables quantitative representation of up to 4 arbitrary statistics simultaneously in a tree format by mapping statistics to the color and size of tree nodes and edges.Metacoderalso allows exploration of barcode primer bias by integrating functions to run digital PCR. Although it has been designed for data from metabarcoding research,metacodercan easily be applied to any data that has a hierarchical component such as gene ontology or geographic location data. Our package complements currently available tools for community analysis and is provided open source with an extensive online user manual.Note: This article was previously submitted as a pre-print: Zachary S. L. Foster, Thomas J. Sharpton, Niklaus J. Grünwald. 2016.Metacoder: An R package for manipulation and heat tree visualization of community taxonomic data from metabar-coding. BioRxiv 071019; doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/071019.
The Effects of Pitch Shifts on Delay-induced Changes in Vocal Sequencing in a Songbird
Authors: Wyatt MacKenzie , Berthiaume Emily A. , Kelly Conor W. , Sober Samuel J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractLike human speech, vocal behavior in songbirds depends critically on auditory feedback. In both humans and songbirds, vocal skills are acquired by a process of imitation whereby current vocal production is compared to an acoustic target. Similarly, performance in adulthood relies strongly on auditory feedback, and online manipulations of auditory signals can dramatically alter acoustic production even after vocalizations have been well learned. Artificially delaying auditory feedback can disrupt both speech and birdsong, and internal delays in auditory feedback have been hypothesized as a cause of vocal dysfluency in persons who stutter. Furthermore, in both song and speech online shifts of the pitch (fundamental frequency) of auditory feedback lead to compensatory changes in vocal pitch for small perturbations, but larger pitch shifts produce smaller changes in vocal output. Intriguingly, large pitch shifts can partially restore normal speech in some dysfluent speakers, suggesting that the effects of auditory feedback delays might be ameliorated by online pitch manipulations. While birdsong provides a promising model system for understanding speech production, the interaction between sensory feedback delays and pitch shifts have not yet been assessed in songbirds. To investigate this, we asked whether the addition of a pitch shift modulates delay-induced changes in Bengalese finch song, hypothesizing that pitch shifts would reduce the effects of feedback delays. Compared the effects of delays alone, combined delays and pitch shifts resulted in a significant reduction in behavioral changes in one type of sequencing (branch points) but not another (distribution of repeated syllables).Significance StatementVocal behavior depends critically on an organism’s ability to monitor the sound of its own voice (“auditory feedback”). Studies of both humans and songbirds have demonstrated that successful vocal performance depends critically on the quality and timing of such feedback, however the interaction between vocal acoustics and the timing of auditory feedback is unclear. Here we used songbirds to examine this interaction by measuring vocal performance during delays and distortions (pitch shifts) of auditory feedback.
On the inconsistency of pollinator species traits for predicting either response to agricultural intensification or functional contribution
Authors: Bartomeus Ignasi , Cariveau Daniel P. , Harrison Tina , Winfree Rachael 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe response and effect trait framework, if supported empirically, would provide for powerful and general predictions about how biodiversity loss will lead to loss in ecosystem function. This framework proposes that species traits will explain how different species respond to disturbance (i.e. response traits) as well as their contribution to ecosystem function (i.e. effect traits). However, predictive response and effect traits remain elusive for most systems. Here, we present detailed data on crop pollination services provided by native, wild bees to explore the role of six commonly used species traits in determining how crop pollination is affected by increasing agricultural intensification. Analyses were conducted in parallel for three crop systems (watermelon, cranberry, and blueberry) located within the same geographical region (mid-Atlantic USA). Bee species traits did not strongly predict species’ response to agricultural intensification, and the few traits that were weakly predictive were not consistent across crops. Similarly, no trait predicted species’ overall functional contribution in any of the three crop systems, although body size was a good predictor of per capita efficiency in two systems. So far, most studies looking for response or effect traits in pollination systems have found weak and often contradicting links. Overall we were unable to make generalizable predictions regarding species responses to land-use change and its effect on the delivery of ecosystem services. Pollinator traits may be useful for understanding ecological processes in some systems, but thus far the promise of traits-based ecology has yet to be fulfilled for pollination ecology.
A Repetitive Modular Oscillation Underlies Human Brain Electric Activity
Authors: Tozzi Arturo , Peters James F. , Jaušovec Norbert 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTThe modular function j, central in the assessment of abstract mathematical problems, describes elliptic, intertwined trajectories that move in the planes of both real and complex numbers. Recent clues suggest that the j-function might display a physical counterpart, equipped with a quantifiable real component and a hidden imaginary one, currently undetectable by our senses and instruments. Here we evaluate whether the real part of the modular function can be spotted in the electric activity of the human brain. We assessed EEGs from five healthy males, eyes-closed and resting state, and superimposed the electric traces with the bidimensional curves predicted by the j-function. We found that the two trajectories matched in more than 85% of cases, independent from the subtending electric rhythm and the electrode location. Therefore, the real part of the j-function’s peculiar wave is ubiquitously endowed all over normal EEGs paths. We discuss the implications of such correlation in neuroscience and neurology, highlighting how the j-function might stand for the one of the basic oscillations of the brain, and how the still unexplored imaginary part might underlie several physiological and pathological nervous features.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOur results point towards the brain as ubiquitously equipped with j-function’s oscillations, which movements take place on the plane of the complex numbers. It means that there must be, in brain electric activity, also a veiled complex part, which can be assessed with the help of imaginary numbers. The modular j-function provides further dimensions to the real numbers, in order to enlarge their predictive powers: it suggests the possible presence of hidden (functional or spatial) brain extra-dimensions. Furthermore, j-oscillations could be disrupted during pathologies, paving the way to novel approaches to central nervous system’s diseases.
An effect size distribution analysis of heart rate variability studies: Recommendations for reporting the magnitude of group differences
Authors: Quintana Daniel S. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe calculation of heart rate variability (HRV) is a popular tool used to investigate differences in cardiac autonomic control between population samples. When interpreting effect sizes to quantify the magnitude of group differences, researchers typically use Cohen's guidelines of small (0.2), medium (0.5), and large (0.8) effects. However, these guidelines were only proposed for use when the effect size distribution (ESD) was unknown. Despite the availability of effect sizes from hundreds of HRV studies, researchers still largely rely on Cohen's guidelines to interpret effect sizes. This article describes an ESD analysis of 297 HRV effect sizes from case-control studies, revealing that the 25th, 50th, and 75th effect size percentiles correspond with effect sizes of 0.25, 0.5, and 0.84, respectively. The ESD for separate clinical groups are also presented. The data suggests that Cohen's guidelines underestimate the magnitude of small and large effect sizes for the body of HRV case-control research. Therefore, to better reflect observed HRV effect sizes, the data suggest that effect sizes of 0.25, 0.5, and 0.85 should be interpreted as small, medium, and large effects. Researchers are encouraged to use the ESD dataset or their own collected datasets in tandem with the provided analysis script to perform bespoke ESD analyses relevant to their specific research area.
Population-genomic inference of the strength and timing of selection against gene flow
Authors: Aeschbacher Simon , Selby Jessica P. , Willis John H. , Coop Graham 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe interplay of divergent selection and gene flow is key to understanding how populations adapt to local environments and how new species form. Here, we use DNA polymorphism data and genome-wide variation in recombination rate to jointly infer the strength and timing of selection, as well as the baseline level of gene flow under various demographic scenarios. We model how divergent selection leads to a genome-wide negative correlation between recombination rate and genetic differentiation among populations. Our theory shows that the selection density, i.e. the selection coefficient per base pair, is a key parameter underlying this relationship. We then develop a procedure for parameter estimation that accounts for the confounding effect of background selection. Applying this method to two datasets fromMimulus guttatus, we infer a strong signal of adaptive divergence in the face of gene flow between populations growing on and off phytotoxic serpentine soils. However, the genome-wide intensity of this selection is not exceptional compared to whatM. guttatuspopulations may typically experience when adapting to local conditions. We also find that selection against genome-wide introgression from the selfing sister speciesM. nasutushas acted to maintain a barrier between these two species over at least the last 250 ky. Our study provides a theoretical framework for linking genome-wide patterns of divergence and recombination with the underlying evolutionary mechanisms that drive this differentiation.
Major host transitions are modulated through transcriptome-wide reprograming events inSchistocephalus solidus, a threespine stickleback parasite
Authors: Hébert François Olivier , Grambauer Stephan , Barber Iain , Landry Christian R , Aubin-Horth Nadia 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTParasites with complex life cycles have developed numerous phenotypic strategies, closely associated with developmental events, to enable the exploitation of different ecological niches and facilitate transmission between hosts. How these environmental shifts are regulated from a metabolic and physiological standpoint, however, still remain to be fully elucidated. We examined the transcriptomic response ofSchistocephalus solidus, a trophically-transmitted parasite with a complex life cycle, over the course of its development in an intermediate host, the threespine stickleback, and the final avian host. Results from our differential gene expression analysis show major reprogramming events among developmental stages. The final host stage is characterized by a strong activation of reproductive pathways and redox homeostasis. The attainment of infectivity in the fish intermediate host – which precedes sexual maturation in the final host and is associated with host behaviour changes – is marked by transcription of genes involved in neural pathways and sensory perception. Our results suggest that un-annotated andS. solidus-specific genes could play a determinant role in host-parasite molecular interactions required to complete the parasite’s life cycle. Our results permit future comparative analyses to help disentangle species-specific patterns of infection from conserved mechanisms, ultimately leading to a better understanding of the molecular control and evolution of complex life cycles.
Quorum sensing modulatory effect of sound stimulation onSerratia marcescensandPseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Kothari Vijay , Patel Pooja , Joshi Chinmayi , Mishra Brijesh , Dubey Shashikant , Mehta Milan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractEffect of nine different mono-frequency sound stimuli on two gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosaandSerratia marcescens) was investigated. Frequency of the test sound ranged from 100 Hz to 2,000 Hz. Both the test bacteria responded differently to sonic stimulation. Sound corresponding to 600 HZ caused a notable reduction in quorum sensing (QS) regulated production of the pigment pyoverdine byP. aeruginosa. 400 Hz sound affected prodigiosin production byS. marcescensthe most. 500 Hz sound could enhance prodigiosin production without affecting growth of the producing bacterium, suggesting the effect purely to be QS modulatory. This study has demonstrated the capacity of the sound waves of affecting bacterial growth and quorum sensing regulated metabolite production.
Muscles of Facial Expression in Extinct Species of the Genus Homo
Authors: Tozzi Arturo 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTWe display a detailed description of mimetic muscles in extinct human species, framed in comparative and phylogenetic contexts. Using known facial landmarks, we assessed the arrangement of muscles of facial expression inHomo sapiens, neanderthalensis, erectus, heidelbergensisandergaster. In modern humans, several perioral muscles are proportionally smaller in size (levator labii superioris, zygomaticus minor, zygomaticus major and triangularis) and/or located more medially (levator labii superioris, zygomaticus minor and quadratus labii inferioris) than in other human species. As mimetic musculature is examined in the most ancient specimens up to the most recent, there is a general trend towards an increase in size of corrugator supercillii and triangularis.Homo ergaster’smimetic musculature closely resembles modern Homo, both in size and in location; furthermore,Homo erectusandHomo neanderthalensisshare many muscular features. The extinct human species had an elaborate and highly graded facial communication system, but it remained qualitatively different from that reported in modern Homo. Compared with other human species,Homo sapiensclearly exhibits a lower degree of facial expression, possibly correlated with more sophisticated social behaviours and with enhanced speech capabilities. The presence of anatomical variation among species of the genus Homo raises important questions about the possible taxonomic value of mimetic muscles.