bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward an Understanding of Divergent Compound Eye Development in Drones and Workers of the Honeybee (Apis mellifera L.): A Correlative Analysis of Morphology and Gene Expression
Authors: Marco Antonio David S. , Hartfelder Klaus 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTEye development in insects is best understood in Drosophila melanogaster, but little is known for other holometabolous insects. Combining a morphological with a gene expression analysis, we investigated eye development in the honeybee, putting emphasis on the sex‐specific differences in eye size. Optic lobe development starts from an optic lobe anlage in the larval brain, which sequentially gives rise to the lobula, medulla, and lamina. The lamina differentiates in the last larval instar, when it receives optic nerve projections from the developing retina. The expression analysis focused on seven genes important for Drosophila eye development: eyes absent, sine oculis, embryonic lethal abnormal vision, minibrain, small optic lobes, epidermal growth factor receptor, and roughest. All except small optic lobes were more highly expressed in third‐instar drone larvae, but then, in the fourth and fifth instar, their expression was sex‐specifically modulated, showing shifts in temporal dynamics. The clearest differences were seen for small optic lobes, which is highly expressed in the developing eye of workers, and minibrain and roughest, which showed a strong expression peak coinciding with retina differentiation. A microarray analysis for optic lobe/retina complexes revealed the differential expression of several metabolism‐related genes, as well as of two micro‐RNAs. While we could not see major morphological differences in the developing eye structures before the pupal stage, the expression differences observed for the seven candidate genes and in the transcriptional microarray profiles indicate that molecular signatures underlying sex‐specific optic lobe and retina development become established throughout the larval stages.
Heterochrony and Morphological Variation of Epithalamic Asymmetry
Authors: Signore Iskra A. , Concha Miguel L. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTHeterochrony is one proposed mechanism to explain how morphological variation and novelty arise during evolution. To experimentally approach heterochrony in a comprehensive manner, we must consider all three aspects of developmental time (sequence, timing, duration). This task is only possible in developmental models that allow the acquisition of high‐quality temporal data in the context of normalized developmental time. Here we propose that epithalamic asymmetry of teleosts is one such model. Comparative studies among related teleost species have revealed heterochronic shifts in the timing of ontogenic events leading to the development of epithalamic asymmetry. Such temporal changes involve neural structures critical for tissue–tissue interactions underlying the generation of asymmetry and are concurrent with the appearance of morphological differences in the pattern of asymmetry between species. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that interspecies variation of epithalamic asymmetry results from changes in the timing of tissue–tissue interactions critical for the establishment of asymmetry during ontogeny. Importantly, this hypothesis can be tested by systematic comparative approaches among teleosts species based on normalized developmental time, combined with experimental manipulation of epithalamic asymmetry development.
Donepezil: a case of inappropriate sexual behaviours in dementia
Authors: Luong Eric , Lewis Karen 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundDonepezil is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor currently available to help manage cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer's disease by enhancing cholinergic function in the central nervous system. Product information reports increased libido (≥1%) as part of the endocrine and metabolic adverse effects of donepezil. What is less clear is the relationship between donepezil and inappropriate sexual behaviours (ISB). To date, there have been three published case reports of patients displaying ISB after commencing donepezil. However, information about patient experiences were lacking and, if documented, only accounts from female patients were given.AimTo increase awareness of the association between donepezil and ISB.Clinical detailsAn 85‐year‐old man presented to the Geriatric Evaluation and Management unit for further management of cognitive decline. Eight days after donepezil commencement, the patient developed ISB. The patient had no previous history of abnormality in sexual behaviour prior to hospitalisaton.OutcomesISB, including fondling himself and masturbating in public, were documented. Despite the cognitive decline, the patient still retained some insight into his sexual behaviour and requested a private consultation with the geriatrician. Medical and laboratory findings and neurological examinations were unremarkable. Donepezil was then ceased. The patient's behaviour improved after 3 days and he was transferred to a transitional care program.ConclusionThis case adds to the existing literature that donepezil may cause ISB. This should be especially considered when it is prescribed for patients who display or have risk factors for sexual disinhibition, a potential element of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia.
Totally implantable venous access port via the femoral vein in a femoral port position with CT‐venography
Authors: Kato Kazuya , Iwasaki Yoshiaki , Onodera Kazuhiko , Higuchi Mineko , Kato Kimitaka , Kato Yurina , Matsuda Minoru , Endo Seiya , Kobashi Yuko , Taniguchi Masahiko 
Published: September 2016

Background and PurposeWe aimed to determine the success rate and any complications using a percutaneous approach to the femoral vein (FV) for placement of a totally implantable access port (TIVAP), with a preoperative assessment of the femoral and iliac veins using computed tomography‐venography (CT‐V).MethodsA prospective study of 72 patients was conducted where placement of a TIVAP was attempted via the right FV, with the port placed in the anterior thigh, when subclavian vein or jugular vein access was contraindicated. Preoperative assessment of the femoral venous plexus was performed with CT‐V in 72 patients.ResultsCT‐V success was achieved in 72 of 72 patients (100%). The average distance between the inguinal ligament and the saphenofeomral (FV‐GSV) junction was 42.8 ± 12.9 mm. The FV approach had a 97% successful cannulation rate. Two patients had a thrombosis in either the femoral vein or the great saphenous vein. One procedural complication (1.4%) and one initial complication (1.4%) occurred. Late complications occurred in four patients (5.7%).ConclusionsThe percutaneous FV approach with CT‐V guidance is an option for patients with multiple central venous cannulations, as well as those with bilateral breast cancer, or those undergoing hemodialysis. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:1024–1028. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improvement of ischemic or congested wound conditions by reconstruction with microsurgical flaps
Authors: Kim Jeong Tae , Kim Sang Wha 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundIntractable chronic wounds share the basic problem of the environment being unfavorable for wound healing and prone to infection, inflammation, and recurrences. Microsurgical flap provides a healthy, well‐vascularized normal tissue to compromised intractable environment, and promotes wound healing. In this report, we present the results of microsurgical flaps used for the reconstruction of chronic intractable conditions including chronic ulcer with an ischemic environment and pathologic lesions with a congestive environment.Patients and methodsFrom 1997 to 2015, 18 patients received microsurgical flaps for chronic intractable conditions. Among them, three patients had radiation ulcers with an ischemic environment and 15 had pathologic lesions with a congested environment, such as vascular malformations. Nine patients were male, and nine were female. The mean age was 31.9 years. All patients were treated using radical excision and reconstruction with microsurgical tissue transfer.ResultsAll flaps survived completely. Among three patients with radiation ulcers, two had minor wound disruptions, which were managed conservatively. No further episodes of infections or breakdowns occurred. Among 15 patients who had pathologic lesions, one suffered facial palsy of the forehead. No complications in terms of infection, or recurrences were noted, and resolution of the residual surrounding lesions was observed on follow‐ups. No donor related problems occurred in any patients. The mean follow‐up period was 10.7 years.ConclusionIn this report, we present the results of reconstruction of chronic intractable conditions using microsurgical flaps. The reconstruction using microsurgical flaps was clinically successful, with long‐term improvement of surrounding tissues and no recurrence.
Molecular mechanisms in atopic eczema: insights gained from genetic studies
Authors: Brown Sara J 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAtopic eczema (synonymous with atopic dermatitis) is a common heterogeneous phenotype with a wide spectrum of severity, from mild transient disease to a severe chronic disorder with atopic and non‐atopic comorbidities. Eczema is a complex trait, resulting from the interaction of multiple genetic and environmental factors. The skin, as an organ that can be biopsied easily, provides opportunities for detailed molecular genetic analysis. Strategies applied to the investigation of atopic eczema include candidate gene and genome‐wide studies, extreme phenotypes, and comparative analysis of inflammatory skin diseases. Genetic studies have identified a central role for skin barrier impairment in eczema predisposition and perpetuation; this has brought about a paradigm shift in understanding atopic disease, but specific molecular targets to improve skin barrier function remain elusive. The role of Th2‐mediated immune dysfunction is also central to atopic inflammation, and has proved to be a powerful target for biological therapy in atopic eczema. Advances in understanding eczema pathogenesis have provided opportunities for patient stratification, primary prevention, and therapy development, but there remain considerable challenges in the application of this knowledge to optimize benefit for patients with atopic eczema in the era of personalized medicine. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development and properties evaluation of bio‐based PLA/PLGA blend films reinforced with microcrystalline cellulose and organophilic silica
Authors: dos Santos Fernanda Abbate , Valle Iulianelli Gisele Cristina , Bruno Tavares Maria Inês 
Published: September 2016

The preparation and properties of hybrid materials based on poly(lactic acid)/poly(lactic acid‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLA/PLGA) blends using microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and organophilic silica (R972) as fillers have been investigated. Hybrid materials were manufactured by solution casting using chloroform as solvent to prepare films. R972 was incorporated in a ratio of 3 wt%, and MCC was added in ratios of 3, 5, or 7 wt% with respect to the weight of the polymeric matrix. Films were prepared with only MCC addition or with MCC and R972 combined. Properties of the films were evaluated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), nuclear magnetic resonance, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and mechanical property measurements. The results show that each filler, when added individually or in combination, affects the structure and final properties of the films differently. MCC acts as a nucleating agent for the crystallization of the polymeric matrix. An increase in the MCC content increased the crystallinity of the films. This effect became more pronounced with silica addition. The domain distribution curves showed PLA/PLGA blends to be homogeneous, which was further confirmed by DSC. An improvement in the mechanical performance was observed with MCC addition, especially when silica was added together with cellulose. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 57:464–472, 2017. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Genetic medicines for CF: Hype versus reality
Authors: Alton Eric W.F.W. , Boyd A. Christopher , Davies Jane C. , Gill Deborah R. , Griesenbach Uta , Harrison Patrick T. , Henig Noreen , Higgins Tracy , Hyde Stephen C. , Innes J. Alastair , Korman Michael S.D. 
Published: September 2016

SummarySince identification of the CFTR gene over 25 years ago, gene therapy for cystic fibrosis (CF) has been actively developed. More recently gene therapy has been joined by other forms of “genetic medicines” including mRNA delivery, as well as genome editing and mRNA repair‐based strategies. Proof‐of‐concept that gene therapy can stabilize the progression of CF lung disease has recently been established in a Phase IIb trial. An early phase study to assess the safety and explore efficacy of CFTR mRNA repair is ongoing, while mRNA delivery and genome editing‐based strategies are currently at the pre‐clinical phase of development. This review has been written jointly by some of those involved in the various CF “genetic medicine” fields and will summarize the current state‐of‐the‐art, as well as discuss future developments. Where applicable, it highlights common problems faced by each of the strategies, and also tries to highlight where a specific strategy may have an advantage on the pathway to clinical translation. We hope that this review will contribute to the ongoing discussion about the hype versus reality of genetic medicine‐based treatment approaches in CF. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:S5–S17. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The CF gastrointestinal microbiome: Structure and clinical impact
Authors: Rogers Geraint B. , Narkewicz Michael R. , Hoffman Lucas R. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryThe gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome is shaped by host diet, immunity, and other physicochemical characteristics of the GI tract, and perturbations such as antibiotic treatments can lead to persistent changes in microbial constituency and function. These GI microbes also play critical roles in host nutrition and health. A growing body of evidence suggests that the GI microbiome in people with CF is altered, and that these dysbioses contribute to disease manifestations in many organs, both within and beyond the GI tract. Therapies that people with CF receive, even those targeting the respiratory tract, may impact the CF GI microbiome in ways that can influence the outcome of treatment. These new perspectives on the microbial contents of the CF intestine offer new opportunities for preventing a variety of CF‐associated disorders. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:S35–S44. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
EM‐based adaptive divided difference filter for nonlinear system with multiplicative parameter
Authors: Wang Xiaoxu , Song Bao , Liang Yan , Pan Quan 
Published: September 2016

SummaryThis paper is concerned with application of expectation maximization (EM) algorithm for deriving an adaptive version of divided difference filter for joint state estimation and multiplicative parameter identification of nonlinear system with the colored measurement noise. Owing to the fact that there exist a mutual coupling and interaction of state and parameter on each other, it requires a joint or simultaneous estimation of both state and parameter by a mutual iteration, and justly, EM iterates Expectation (E‐)step and Maximization (M‐)step to meet such requirement. Firstly, E‐step involves state filtering and smoothing issues under knowing the previous parameter identification results, which is well solved by resorting to the Gaussian approximation with a trade‐off between accuracy and complexity. Further, such Gaussian approximation estimators are applied for evaluating the condition expectation of complete‐data likelihood function, nonlinearly characterized by the multiplicative parameter needed to be optimized. Secondly, M‐step deals with the maximization of the condition expectation by directly making its derivative as zero to obtain the current general parameter identification equation as the nonlinear integral. Thirdly, by iteratively operating E‐step and M‐step, an adaptive divided difference filter is proposed for joint state estimation and parameter identification by using the second‐order Stirling interpolation to compute the associated nonlinear integral. Finally, the robust performance of the EM‐based adaptive version of divided difference filter to the unknown or time‐varying multiplicative parameter, as compared with the standard augmentation method, is demonstrated by a maneuvering target tracking example. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flavonoid compounds from the red marine alga Alsidium corallinum protect against potassium bromate‐induced nephrotoxicity in adult mice
Authors: Ben Saad Hajer , Gargouri Manel , Kallel Fatma , Chaabene Rim , Boudawara Tahia , Jamoussi Kamel , Magné Christian , Mounir Zeghal Khaled , Hakim Ahmed , Ben Amara Ibtissem 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTPotassium bromate (KBrO3), an environmental pollutant, is a well‐known human carcinogen and a potent nephrotoxic agent. Currently, natural products have built a well‐recognized role in the management of many diseases induced by pollutants. As potent natural sources of bioactive compounds, marine algae have been demonstrated to be rich in novel secondary metabolites with a broad range of biological functions. In this study, adults male mice were orally treated for 15 days with KBrO3 (0.5 g/L) associated or not with extract of Alsidium corallinum, a red Mediterranean alga. In vitro study demonstrated that algal extract has antioxidant efficacy attributable to the presence of flavonoids and polyphenols. Among these, Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis showed A. corallinum is rich in kaempferol, apigenin, catechin, and quercetin flavonoids. In vivo study showed that supplementation with the alga significantly prevented KBrO3‐induced nephrotoxicity as indicated by plasma biomarkers (urea, uric acid, and creatinin levels) and oxidative stress related parameters (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione, vitamin C, hydrogen peroxide, protein oxidation products) in kidney tissue. The corrective effect of A. corallinum on KBrO3‐induced kidney injury was also supported by molecular and histopathological observations. In conclusion, it was established that the red alga, thanks to its bioactive compounds, effectively counteracts toxic effects of KBrO3 and could be a useful coadjuvant agent for treatment of this pollutant poisonings. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1475–1486, 2017.
Natural succession of grassland on the Loess Plateau of China affects multifractal characteristics of soil particle‐size distribution and soil nutrients
Authors: Sun Caili , Liu Guobin , Xue Sha 
Published: September 2016

AbstractKnowledge of the changes of soil properties and soil particle‐size distribution (PSD) is important for quantifying soil quality and dynamics during natural succession. We applied multifractal theory to characterize the PSDs in five soil layers of nine croplands abandoned for less than 1 year, 2, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 35 years and evaluated the changes of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (total N), total phosphorus (total P), soil texture and multifractal parameters [capacity dimension (D0), entropy dimension (D1), correlation dimension (D2) and Hölder exponent of order zero (α0)] during natural succession on the Loess Plateau of China. Rényi spectra (Dq) and singularity spectra f(α) characterized the PSDs well and sensitively reflected the changes of heterogeneity of the surface soil (0–20 cm) during natural succession. SOC, total N and clay contents and the multifractal parameters increased significantly by the late stage of succession, mostly in the topsoil (0–10 cm). Natural succession thus effectively improved the soil physicochemical properties on the Loess Plateau of China, even though it was time‐consuming. SOC and total N contents decreased with depth throughout the natural succession, but the multifractal parameters were higher in the topsoil only in the late stage. D1 and D2 were strongly and positively correlated with SOC and total N contents in the surface layers and with fine particles in all layers, suggesting that D1 and D2 may be sensitive and practical indices for quantifying changes in soil properties and erosion.
Continuous Gradient Temperature Raman Spectroscopy of Oleic and Linoleic Acids from −100 to 50 °C
Authors: Broadhurst C. Leigh , Schmidt Walter F. , Kim Moon S. , Nguyen Julie. K. , Qin Jianwei , Chao Kuanglin , Bauchan Gary L. , Shelton Daniel. R. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe analyzed the unsaturated fatty acids oleic (OA, 18:1n‐9) and linoleic (LA, 18:2n‐3), and a 3:1 LA:OA mixture from −100 to 50 °C with continuous gradient temperature Raman spectroscopy (GTRS). The 20 Mb three‐dimensional data arrays with 0.2 °C increments and first/second derivatives allowed rapid, complete assignment of solid, liquid, and transition state vibrational modes. For OA, large spectral and line width changes occurred in the solid state γ to α transition near −4 °C, and the melt (13 °C) over a range of only 1 °C. For LA, major intensity reductions from 200 to 1750 cm−1 and some peak shifts marked one solid state phase transition at −50 °C. A second solid state transition (−33 °C) had minor spectral changes. Large spectral and line width changes occurred at the melt transition (−7 °C) over a narrow temperature range. For both molecules, melting initiates at the diene structure, then progresses towards the ends. In the 3:1 LA:OA mixture, some less intense and lower frequencies present in the individual lipids are weaker or absent. For example, modes assignable to C8 rocking, C9H–C10H wagging, C10H–C11H wagging, and CH3 rocking are present in OA but absent in LA:OA. Our data quantify the concept of lipid premelting and identify the flexible structures within OA and LA, which have characteristic vibrational modes beginning at cryogenic temperatures.
Offspring Socioeconomic Status and Parent Mortality Within a Historical Population
Authors: Zimmer Zachary , Hanson Heidi A. , Smith Ken R. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Considering a network approach to health determinants, we test the hypothesis that benefits of high socioeconomic status (SES) may be transmitted up the generational ladder from offspring to parents. Studies that examine own SES and own health outcomes, or SES of parents and outcomes of young or adolescent children, are common. Those that investigate SES of offspring and their association with parental health are rare. Employing data from a historical population of individuals extracted from a comprehensive population database that links demographic and vital records across generations, this study tests the hypothesis that higher offspring SES associates with lower parental mortality after controlling for parental SES. The sample includes 29,972 individuals born between 1864 and 1883 whose offspring were born between 1886 and 1920. SES is operationalized using Nam-Powers occupational status scores divided into quartiles and a category for farmers. Models assess mortality risk after age 40. Included is a test for whether effects are proportional across parents who died younger and older. Estimated life expectancies across categories of offspring SES conditioned on parental SES are calculated to illustrate specifically how differences in SES relate to differences in years lived. Results indicate a longevity penalty for those whose offspring have low SES and a longevity dividend for those with high-SES offspring. The influence of offspring attributes on well-being of parents points to fluid and myriad linkages between generations.