bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the antinociceptive effect of a single fentanyl bolus dose in children: A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis based on the nociception level index during sevoflurane general anesthesia
Authors: Cruzat Francisco , Ibacache Mauricio , González Alejandro , Pedemonte Juan Cristóbal , Contreras Víctor , Giordano Ady , Cortínez Ignacio 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe Nociception Level Index has shown benefits in estimating the nociception/antinociception balance in adults, but there is limited evidence in the pediatric population. Evaluating the index performance in children might provide valuable insights to guide opioid administration.AimsTo evaluate the Nociception Level Index ability to identify a standardized nociceptive stimulus and the analgesic effect of a fentanyl bolus. Additionally, to characterize the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship of fentanyl with the Nociception Level Index response during sevoflurane anesthesia.MethodsNineteen children, 5.3 (4.1–6.7) years, scheduled for lower abdominal or urological surgery, were studied. After sevoflurane anesthesia and caudal block, a tetanic stimulus (50 Hz, 60 mA, 5 s) was performed in the forearm. Following the administration of fentanyl 2 μg/kg intravenous bolus, three similar consecutive tetanic stimuli were performed at 5‐, 15‐, and 30‐min post‐fentanyl administration. Changes in the Nociception Level Index, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and bispectral index were compared in response to the tetanic stimuli. Fentanyl plasma concentrations and the Nociception Level Index data were used to elaborate a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model using a sequential modeling approach in NONMEM®.ResultsAfter the first tetanic stimulus, both the Nociception Level Index and the heart rate increased compared to baseline (8 ± 7 vs. 19 ± 10; mean difference (CI95) −12(−18–−6) and 100 ± 10 vs. 102 ± 10; −2(−4–−0.1)) and decrease following fentanyl administration (19 ± 10 vs. 8 ± 8; 12 (5–18) and 102 ± 10 vs. 91 ± 11; 11 (7–16)). In subsequent tetanic stimuli, heart rate remained unchanged, while the Nociception Level Index progressively increased within 15 min to values similar to those before fentanyl. An allometric weight‐scaled, 3‐compartment model best characterized the pharmacokinetic profile of fentanyl. The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling analysis revealed hysteresis between fentanyl plasma concentrations and the Nociception Level Index response, characterized by plasma effect‐site equilibration half‐time of 1.69 (0.4–2.9) min. The estimated fentanyl C50 was 1.93 (0.73–4.2) ng/mL.ConclusionThe Nociception Level Index showed superior capability compared to traditional hemodynamic variables in discriminating different nociception‐antinociception levels during varying fentanyl concentrations in children under sevoflurane anesthesia.
Assessment of accuracy of two pulse oximeters in infants with cyanotic and acyanotic congenital heart diseases
Authors: Georgiev Yordan Hristov , Neunhoeffer Felix , Hofbeck Michael , Michel Jörg 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundPeripherally measured oxygen saturation (SpO2) may often differ from arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), measured by co‐oximetry, especially within the lower range of oxygen saturations. This can potentially impact clinical decisions and therapy in children with congenital heart disease, as critical hypoxemia might remain unnoticed.AimsOur aim was to investigate the accuracy of two different pulse oximeters compared to SaO2 in infants with congenital heart diseases.MethodsSimultaneous recordings of SpO2, measured by two different pulse oximeters (Philips IntelliVue X3 Monitor and Nellcor™ OxiMax™), were compared to SaO2 obtained by arterial blood gas analysis.ResultsA total of 153 measurements were performed in 44 infants with arterial oxygen saturation between 70 and 100%. We divided the measurements into 3 subgroups: group 1—SaO2 70.0%–85.0%, group 2—SaO2 85.1%–94.0%, group 3—SaO2 >94.1%. For Philipps, the median bias was 5.3 (IQR: 2.6–8.7) %, 2.3 (IQR: 0.9–6.0) % and 1.1 (IQR: −0.8–2.4) % in group 1, 2 and 3, respectively. For OxiMax™, the median bias was 2.7 (IQR: 0.5–5.1) %, 0.2 (IQR: −0.9–2.6) % and −0.5 (IQR: −1.3–0.6) % in group 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Regarding the accuracy of these oximeters, as evaluated with the Accuracy root mean squared index (Arms), it was 9.8 versus 4.5% in group 1, 4.5 versus 2.9% in group 2 and 2.4 versus 1.9% in group 3 for Philipps and OxiMax™, respectively.ConclusionsIn lower range saturations between 70% and 85% the accuracy of both pulse oximeters exceeded the threshold of ≤3% recommended by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Therefore, peripheral pulse oximetry within the lower range of oxygen saturations should be interpreted with caution in infants with congenital heart diseases, taking into consideration its limitations. Direct co‐oximetry should be the preferred method to support clinical decisions in children with cyanotic congenital heart diseases.
Adherence to ESMO guidelines on cancer pain management and their applicability to specialist palliative care centers: An observational, prospective, and multicenter study
Authors: Carbonara L. , Casale G. , De Marinis M. G. , Bosetti C. , Valle A. , Carinci P. , D'andrea M. R. , Corli O. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionPain management in late‐stage cancer patients is a complex clinical problem. The historical guidelines were from the World Health Organization (WHO). Recently, ESMO produced guidelines consistent with 52 recommendations applicable to the entire period of disease since the pain appears.AimTo evaluate the appropriateness and applicability of ESMO guidelines (EGL) in advanced cancer patients admitted to palliative care.MethodAn observational, prospective, multicentric study conducted by specialist palliative care centers on cancer patients in the advanced stage. The 52 recommendations were divided into eight macro areas. The adherence levels were expressed as a percentage for each recommendation and have been broken down as high (>75%), medium (50%–75%), and low (<50%). In the case of not adhering to a recommendation, the comment was “not applicable” (NA) or not evaluable (NE).ResultsFour hundred seventy‐six patients were enrolled in the study. Thirty‐five recommendations were considered NA or NE, especially because their application took too long to achieve clinical results, given the condition of the patients. Some interesting opinions on the choice of drugs emerged. At the end of the study, pain dropped from 5.0 to 2.6, patients' satisfaction increased from 3.3 to 4.6, and quality of life improved from 4.4 to 5.5.ConclusionsPalliative physicians' adherence to EGL was medium. The main contribution of this study was to evaluate their applicability and clinical results in far‐advanced patients assisted by palliative care. The selection of useful recommendations and expert opinions can make a contribution to clinical practice.
Treatment Adherence in Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dagenet Caitlyn B. , Gawey Lauren , Davoudi Sahar , Ma Elaine , Jeong Charlotte , Atluri Swetha , Kincannon Jay M. , Hsiao Jennifer L. , Feldman Steven R. , Shi Vivian Y. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionAdherence to pediatric atopic dermatitis (AD) treatment regimens can be complex and a major challenge to optimizing treatment outcome. We aimed to review factors associated with nonadherence in pediatric AD and propose interventions to improve adherence.MethodsPubMed and EMBASE databases were systematically searched for articles from 2000 to February 2023 related to AD and adherence, with an additional update in December 2023. Non‐human studies, reviews, commentaries, and meta‐analyses were excluded. Articles were sorted into pediatric versus adult study population based on volume. Herein, we examine the results of papers discussing adherence factors related to pediatric patients.ResultsA total of 62 studies met inclusion criteria. Thirty‐six studies surveyed patients and caregivers (N = 10,268) to identify barriers to treatment adherence. None of the included studies were specific to systemic medications. Barriers included poor caregiver quality of life, inadequate AD‐related education, topical corticosteroid (TCS) phobia, unclear therapy‐related instructions, and dissatisfaction with physician interaction. Five studies solely measured adherence using medication electronic monitoring systems, Morisky medication adherence scale, or self‐reported adherence to measure adherence to topical medications. Twenty‐one studies described interventions involving nurse‐led or web‐based education programs, text message or email reminders, and TCS education. Adherence was improved with caregiver education programs, daily text‐message reminders, eczema action plans, TCS potency “traffic light” color system, and frequent follow‐up visits.ConclusionAdherence to pediatric AD treatment poses a multifactorial challenge for caregivers and patients. This study provides an index of strategies to optimize adherence, as it is essential for prevention of long‐term sequela associated with AD in children. As the AD treatment landscape rapidly expands, further studies are vital to assess pediatric adherence to new topical, oral, and injectable medications.Trial RegistrationPROSPERO: CRD42023488557
Tactics of investment in couple relationship and their impact on relationship satisfaction
Authors: Bokek‐Cohen Ya'arit , Halamish‐Leshem Riki 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis is a comprehensive study that aimed at identifying the effective tactics for investment in couple relationships and included the following three phases. (a) A preliminary qualitative project that collected potential ways to invest in couple relationships. (b) We identified 46 ways to invest in relationships and grouped them into six tactics using EFA, and then we validated a relational investment tactics scale. The six tactics are (1) emotional gestures, (2) material gestures, (3) personal space, (4) physical attractiveness and sex, (5) shared activities, and (6) help the partner's family and friends. (c) Finally, we evaluated the frequency of use of each of the 46 ways of relational investment among 483 respondents. Findings show that respondents who provide emotional and material gestures are involved in shared activities with their partner and help their partner's family and friends report higher marital satisfaction. We propose several practical implications based on these results.
Comparative transcriptomics and bioinformatics profiling provide insights into resistance to Fusarium wilt in melon
Authors: Zhan Ni , Wang Zhen , Zhang Yilin , Zhang Luyan , Fang Xinyu , Yan Xunyou , Wu Yanping , Li Jinghai , Li Shuqing , Shi Zhenxia , Zhao Hongbo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMelon is an important cash crop grown worldwide, with China leading the world in melon acreage. Melon wilt is becoming more common as the area under melon cultivation gradually increases. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the resistance pattern of Fusarium wilt in melons. In this work, among the four test melon cultivars, YG was highly resistant to Fusarium wilt and 1455 was disease‐resistant. However, 5657 was susceptible, while 5455 was highly susceptible to the disease. We detected 71,852 differentially expressed genes in 16 combinations, including 37,382 with up‐regulation and 3470 with down‐regulation, and we investigated 11 genes associated with resistance to Fusarium wilt through bioinformatics and transcriptome analysis. We identified two differentially expressed cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases (CAD) that were down‐regulated in the susceptible melon material in contrast to the resistant variety. Nine chitinase (CHT) genes were differentially expressed, with four showing up‐regulation and four showing down‐regulation in the susceptible compared to the resistant melon material. The MeloCHT genes were located on chromosomes 2, 6, 8, 11 and 12, with four of them on chromosome 8. MeloCAD1 was located on chromosome 1 and MeloCAD2 on chromosome 8. The physicochemical properties of the encoded proteins were predicted by bioinformatics, including theoretical isoelectric point, instability coefficient, relative molecular mass, lipid solubility index and hydrophilicity index. The genes encode proteins with α‐helix, extended strand, random coils and β‐turns. This study provides fundamental knowledge on the transcriptome of melons and establishes a foundation for future research on the detection and application of Fusarium wilt‐resistant genes in melons.
Genome‐wide association study reveals the genetic basis of amino acids contents variations in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Umer Muhammad J. , Lu Qing , Huang Lu , Batool Raufa , Liu Hao , Li Haifen , Wang Runfeng , Qianxia Yu , Varshney Rajeev K. , Pandey Manish K. , Hong Yanbin , Chen Xiaoping 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPeanut is a significant source of protein for human consumption. One of the primary objectives in peanut breeding is the development of new cultivars with enhanced nutritional values. To further this goal, a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) was conducted to analyze seed amino acids contents in 390 diverse peanut accessions collected worldwide, mainly from China, India, and the United States, in 2017 and 2018. These accessions were assessed for their content of 10 different amino acids. Variations in amino acids contents were observed, and arginine (Arg) was found to have the highest average value among all the amino acids quantified. The geographical distribution of the accessions also revealed variations in amino acids contents. High and positive correlation coefficients were observed among the amino acids, suggesting linked metabolic pathways or genetic regulation. A total of 88 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning various chromosomes were identified, each associated with different amino acids. By using a combination of GWAS, expression anlaysis, and genomic polymorphisim comparisions, the Ahy_A09g041582 (LAC15) gene located on chromrosome A09 was identified as the key candidate which might be involved in plant growth and regulation and may alter amino acids levels. Expression analysis indicated that Ahy_A09g041582 has higher expressions in the shells and seeds than other genes located in the candidate region. This study may help with marker‐based breeding of peanuts with higher nutritional value and offers fresh insights into the genetic basis of the amino acids contents of peanuts.
Environmental disasters and ecomodernist beliefs: Insights from a quasi‐natural experiment
Authors: Sundström Aksel 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article contributes to knowledge of how environmental disasters affect ecomodernist beliefs, i.e. the view that technology can solve environmental problems. Such beliefs in the general public are key to build mass support for environmental policies relying on large‐scale scientific solutions, but their stability is poorly understood. We argue that ecomodernist beliefs are more malleable than assumed and can be altered through events that highlight risks arising from a reliance on technological solutions. This study leverages that the Fukushima‐Daiichi accident happened during the fieldwork of a 2011 public opinion survey in Israel. The analysis suggests that ecomodernist beliefs were negatively affected by this unexpected tragedy. Consistent with expectations, we report stronger impact among people with more education. We document similar effects from a controlled survey experiment in the US and Israel, suggesting that these results are generalizable. Our findings are relevant beyond rare environmental disasters as they have implications for how ecomodernist beliefs might be formed and changed.
Inflammation‐induced loss of CFTR‐expressing airway ionocytes in non‐eosinophilic asthma
Authors: Chen Ling , A. Hoefel Gabriela , Pathinayake Prabuddha S. , Reid Andrew , Pillar Amber L. , Kelly Coady , Tan HuiYing , Ali Ayesha , Kim Richard Y. , Hansbro Philip M. , Brody Steven L. , Foster Paul S. , Horvat Jay C. , Riveros Carlos , Awatade Nikhil , Wark Peter A. B. , Kaiko Gerard E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveSevere asthma is a heterogeneous disease with subtype classification according to dominant airway infiltrates, including eosinophilic (Type 2 high), or non‐eosinophilic asthma. Non‐eosinophilic asthma is further divided into paucigranulocytic or neutrophilic asthma characterized by elevated neutrophils, and mixed Type 1 and Type 17 cytokines in the airways. Severe non‐eosinophilic asthma has few effective treatments and many patients do not qualify for biologic therapies. The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is dysregulated in multiple respiratory diseases including cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and has proven a valuable therapeutic target. We hypothesized that the CFTR may also play a role in non‐eosinophilic asthma.MethodsPatient‐derived human bronchial epithelial cells (hBECs) were isolated and differentiated at the air‐liquid interface. Single cell RNA‐sequencing (scRNAseq) was used to identify epithelial cell subtypes and transcriptional activity. Ion transport was investigated with Ussing chambers and immunofluorescent quantification of ionocyte abundance in human airway epithelial cells and murine models of asthma.ResultsWe identified that hBECs from patients with non‐eosinophilic asthma had reduced CFTR function, and did not differentiate into CFTR‐expressing ionocytes compared to those from eosinophilic asthma or healthy donors. Similarly, ionocytes were also diminished in the airways of a murine model of neutrophilic‐dominant but not eosinophilic asthma. Treatment of hBECs from healthy donors with a neutrophilic asthma‐like inflammatory cytokine mixture led to a reduction in ionocytes.ConclusionInflammation‐induced loss of CFTR‐expressing ionocytes in airway cells from non‐eosinophilic asthma may represent a key feature of disease pathogenesis and a novel drug target.image
Exiles and innovators: a survey of heretics in sixteenth‐century Europe
Authors: Burke Peter 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe links between exile and innovation have often been studied in the case of the twentieth century, but much less in the case of early modern Europe – an age of some political exiles and many religious ones. This essay focuses on what has been called ‘the Reformation of the Refugees’ in the early sixteenth century. Were these exiles innovators? At a time when novelty was frequently condemned, these early Protestants were certainly accused of innovation, though they replied that all they wanted was to return to the practices of the ‘primitive church’. I argue that they did innovate, and in this survey I assess the scope of this innovation. The radicalization of individual refugees has often been discussed, but overviews are less common, including the emphasis on the role of cities in this process. The cities in which these exiles found a refuge, especially Strasbourg and Basel, encouraged debates in which new ideas were forged, exemplifying the way in which displacement could lead to changes of mind.
The potential of x‐ray virtual histology in the diagnosis of skin tumors
Authors: Saccomano Giulia , Pinamonti Maurizio , Longo Elena , Marcuzzo Thomas , Tromba Giuliana , Dreossi Diego , Brun Francesco 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundHistopathological analysis represents the gold standard in clinical practice for diagnosing skin neoplasms. While the current diagnostic workflow has specialized in producing robust and accurate results, interpreting tissue architecture and malignant cellular morphology correctly remains one of the greatest challenges for pathologists. This paper aims to explore the prospect of applying x‐ray virtual histology to human skin tumor excisions and correlating it with the histological validation.Materials and MethodsSeven skin biopsies containing intriguing melanoma types and pigmented skin lesions were scanned using x‐ray Computed micro‐Tomography (μCT) and then sectioned for conventional histology assessment.ResultsThe tissue microarchitecture reconstructed by μCT offers detailed insights into diagnosing the malignancy or benignity of the skin lesions. Three‐dimensional reconstruction via x‐ray virtual histology reveals infiltrative patterns in basal cell carcinoma and evaluated invasiveness in melanoma. The technology enables the identification of pagetoid distributions of neoplastic cells and the assessment of melanoma depth in three dimensions.ConclusionAlthough the proposed approach is not intended to replace conventional histology, the non‐destructive nature of the sample and the clarity provided by virtual inspection demonstrate the promising impact of μCT as a valid support method prior to conventional histological sectioning. Indeed, μCT images can suggest the optimal sectioning position before using a microtome, as is commonly performed in histological practice. Moreover, the three‐dimensional nature of the proposed approach paves the way for a more accurate assessment of significant prognostic factors in melanoma, such as Breslow thickness, by considering the whole micro‐volume rather than a two‐dimensional observation.
Characterization of the Novel HLA‐C*07:01:126 Allele by Sequencing‐Based Typing
Authors: Elsermans Vincent , Visentin Jonathan , Pajot Thibault , Top Isabelle , Labalette Myriam 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTHLA‐C*07:01:126 differs from HLA‐C*07:01:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 328 in exon 7.
The HLA‐C*14:152 Allele Was Identified Using a Next‐Generation Sequencing Method
Authors: Kim Si‐Hwan , Yang John Jeongseok , Oh Heung‐Bum 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTHLA‐C*14:152 differs from HLA‐C*14:02:01:01 by a non‐synonymous nucleotide substitution in exon 5.
The incidence of donor white blood cell survival (transfusion‐associated microchimerism) in Australian pediatric patients
Authors: Hirani Rena , Ross Bryony , Ma Yafeng , Irish Kathleen , Chamberlain Janis , Becker Therese , Smalley Amy , Irving Helen , Irving David O. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionDonor leucocyte survival following red blood cell (RBC) transfusion, known as transfusion‐associated microchimerism (TAM), can occur in some patients. In Australia, despite the introduction of leucocyte filtration (leucodepletion) during RBC manufacture, TAM has been detected in adult trauma patients. However, the incidence of TAM in Australian pediatric patients has not been analyzed.MethodsPatients aged 0–16 years were recruited across two cohorts. Retrospective participants had RBC transfusion between January 1, 2002 and November 15, 2017 and prospective participants received RBC transfusion between December 1, 2016 and November 25, 2020. Twelve bi‐allelic insertion/deletion (InDel) polymorphisms were used to detect microchimerism amplification patterns using real‐time PCR (RT‐PCR) and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR).ResultsOf the retrospective cohort (n = 40), six patients showed amplification of InDel sequences indicating potential microchimerism. For three patients, minor InDel sequences were detected using RT‐PCR only, two patients had minor InDel amplification using ddPCR only, and one patient had minor InDel amplification that was confirmed using both techniques. Amplification of minor sequences occurred in three patients who had received a bone marrow transplant in addition to RBC transfusion. In the prospective cohort (n = 25), no InDel amplification indicating potential microchimerism was detected using RT‐PCR.DiscussionCell‐based therapies had been administered in three patients where microchimerism amplification patterns were detected. Three patients have microchimerism that may be attributed to RBC transfusion. In prospective patients, who received leucodepleted and gamma‐irradiated RBC units, no potential microchimerism amplification were detected. ddPCR may be a suitable technique for TAM analysis but requires further evaluation.