bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PREP2: A biomarker‐based algorithm for predicting upper limb function after stroke
Authors: Stinear Cathy M. , Byblow Winston D. , Ackerley Suzanne J. , Smith Marie‐Claire , Borges Victor M. , Barber P. Alan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveRecovery of motor function is important for regaining independence after stroke, but difficult to predict for individual patients. Our aim was to develop an efficient, accurate, and accessible algorithm for use in clinical settings. Clinical, neurophysiological, and neuroimaging biomarkers of corticospinal integrity obtained within days of stroke were combined to predict likely upper limb motor outcomes 3 months after stroke.MethodsData from 207 patients recruited within 3 days of stroke [103 females (50%), median age 72 (range 18–98) years] were included in a Classification and Regression Tree analysis to predict upper limb function 3 months poststroke.ResultsThe analysis produced an algorithm that sequentially combined a measure of upper limb impairment; age; the presence or absence of upper limb motor evoked potentials elicited with transcranial magnetic stimulation; and stroke lesion load obtained from MRI or stroke severity assessed with the NIHSS score. The algorithm makes correct predictions for 75% of patients. A key biomarker obtained with transcranial magnetic stimulation is required for one third of patients. This biomarker combined with NIHSS score can be used in place of more costly magnetic resonance imaging, with no loss of prediction accuracy.InterpretationThe new algorithm is more accurate, efficient, and accessible than its predecessors, which may support its use in clinical practice. While further work is needed to potentially incorporate sensory and cognitive factors, the algorithm can be used within days of stroke to provide accurate predictions of upper limb functional outcomes at 3 months after stroke. www.presto.auckland.ac.nz
Microporous Organic Materials for Membrane‐Based Gas Separation
Authors: Zou Xiaoqin , Zhu Guangshan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMembrane materials with excellent selectivity and high permeability are crucial to efficient membrane gas separation. Microporous organic materials have evolved as an alternative candidate for fabricating membranes due to their inherent attributes, such as permanent porosity, high surface area, and good processability. Herein, a unique pore‐chemistry concept for the designed synthesis of microporous organic membranes, with an emphasis on the relationship between pore structures and membrane performances, is introduced. The latest advances in microporous organic materials for potential membrane application in gas separation of H2, CO2, O2, and other industrially relevant gases are summarized. Representative examples of the recent progress in highly selective and permeable membranes are highlighted with some fundamental analyses from pore characteristics, followed by a brief perspective on future research directions.
All‐Printed Solid‐State Microsupercapacitors Derived from Self‐Template Synthesis of Ag@PPy Nanocomposites
Authors: Liu Li , Lu Qiang , Yang Shuanglei , Guo Jiang , Tian Qingyong , Yao Weijing , Guo Zhanhu , Roy Vellaisamy A. L. , Wu Wei 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe next‐generation energy storage devices are expected to be flexible, cost‐effective, and high power storage devices to complement or replace rigid batteries and conventional capacitors for wearable electronic device applications. In this regard, a scalable and cost‐effective fabrication of all‐printed solid‐state microsupercapacitors (MSCs) involving self‐template synthesis of Ag@PPy nanocomposites (NCs) as active materials is demonstrated. The as‐obtained Ag@PPy NCs exhibit high specific capacitance and are formulated as screen printing inks that are printed to form electrodes on plastic substrates. The Ag current collectors, Ag@PPy NC electrodes, and gel electrolyte are screen printed and fabricated as flexible all‐solid‐state MSCs exhibiting excellent capacitive features, including remarkable mechanical flexibility of 77.6% after 1000 bending cycles, superior stability of 82.6% after 10000 cycles, and high energy density of 0.00433 mW h cm−2. The Ag@PPy inks are easily prepared and more than 40 printed MSCs are fabricated on flexible plastic substrates in less than 30 min. It is envisioned that the fully printed flexible all‐solid‐state MSCs could be a promising candidate for flexible energy storage devices.
Direct Aryl C−H Amination with Primary Amines Using Organic Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Margrey Kaila A. , Levens Alison , Nicewicz David A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe direct catalytic C−H amination of arenes is a powerful synthetic strategy with useful applications in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials chemistry. Despite the advances in catalytic C−H functionalization, the use of aliphatic amine coupling partners is limited. Described herein is the construction of C−N bonds, using primary amines, by direct C−H functionalization with an acridinium photoredox catalyst under an aerobic atmosphere. A wide variety of primary amines, including amino acids and more complex amines are competent coupling partners. Various electron‐rich aromatics and heteroaromatics are useful scaffolds in this reaction, as are complex, biologically active arenes. We also describe the ability to functionalize arenes that are not oxidized by an acridinium catalyst, such as benzene and toluene, thus supporting a reactive amine cation radical intermediate.
Wellenlängengesteuerte dynamische kovalente Chemie
Authors: Frisch Hendrik , Marschner David E. , Goldmann Anja S. , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: October 2017

AbstractChemische Reaktionen werden klassisch über die Auswahl funktioneller Gruppen und die Kontrolle externer Faktoren wie Temperatur oder Katalysatoren gesteuert. Die Nutzung von lichtgesteuerten Reaktionen ermöglicht darüber hinaus nicht nur eine sehr präzise zeitliche und ortsaufgelöste Kontrolle, sondern auch das Ansteuern hoch spezifischer Reaktionskanäle durch die Verwendung geeigneter Wellenlängen und Intensitäten, sodass kovalente Bindungen gezielt geknüpft und gebrochen werden können. Dieses Potenzial lässt sich anhand photoreversibler Cycloadditionen, bestehend aus reversiblen Cyclisierungen und Cycloreversionen, verdeutlichen. Dieser Aufsatz stellt die Herausforderungen bei der Anwendung von photochemischen Cycloadditionen vor, sowie die notwendigen Schritte, um ihr volles Potenzial in den Bereichen der Molekularbiologie, biomimetischer Systeme, der 3D‐Stereolithographie und weicher Materie mit reprogrammierbaren und selbstheilenden Eigenschaften zu nutzen.
Identification of hereditary cancer in the general population: development and validation of a screening questionnaire for obtaining the family history of cancer
Authors: Campacci Natalia , de Lima Juliana O. , Carvalho André L. , Michelli Rodrigo D. , Haikel Rafael , Mauad Edmundo , Viana Danilo V. , Melendez Matias E. , Vazquez Fabiana de L. , Zanardo Cleyton , Reis Rui M. , Rossi Benedito M. , Palmero Edenir I. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOne of the challenges for Latin American countries is to include in their healthcare systems technologies that can be applied to hereditary cancer detection and management. The aim of the study is to create and validate a questionnaire to identify individuals with possible risk for hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes (HCPS), using different strategies in a Cancer Prevention Service in Brazil. The primary screening questionnaire (PSQ) was developed to identify families at‐risk for HCPS. The PSQ was validated using discrimination measures, and the reproducibility was estimated through kappa coefficient. Patients with at least one affirmative answer had the pedigree drawn using three alternative interview approaches: in‐person, by telephone, or letter. Validation of these approaches was done. Kappa and intraclass correlation coefficients were used to analyze data's reproducibility considering the presence of clinical criteria for HCPS. The PSQ was applied to a convenience sample of 20,000 women of which 3121 (15.6%) answered at least one affirmative question and 1938 had their pedigrees drawn. The PSQ showed sensitivity and specificity scores of 94.4% and 75%, respectively, and a kappa of 0.64. The strategies for pedigree drawing had reproducibility coefficients of 0.976 and 0.850 for the telephone and letter approaches, respectively. Pedigree analysis allowed us to identify 465 individuals (24.0%) fulfilling at least one clinical criterion for HCPS. The PSQ fulfills its function, allowing the identification of HCPS at‐risk families. The use of alternative screening methods may reduce the number of excluded at‐risk individuals/families who live in locations where oncogenetic services are not established.
Contribution to mitochondrial research in Brazil: 10th anniversary of the mitomeeting
Authors: Vercesi Anibal E. , Oliveira Helena C.F. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis commentary introduces the subject, the context and the history of the Brazilian annually held meeting on Mitochondrial Research by the occasion of its 10th anniversary. Mitomeetings gather people interested in all aspects of mitochondrial biology in diverse species, including protists, animals, plants, and fungi.
Multiple inappropriate implantable cardiac defibrillator therapies in rapid succession
Authors: Marbach Jeffrey A. , Yeo Colin , Green Martin S. , Nair Girish M. 
Published: October 2017

Key Clinical MessageInappropriate implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) shocks are associated with significant morbidity and have the potential to trigger ventricular arrhythmias, cardiac decompensation, and death. We present a case of multiple inappropriate ICD therapies in rapid succession due electromagnetic interference from a Dr‐Ho's transcutaneous electric nerve stimulator machine, and subsequently from a faulty electrical outlet.
Zwitterionic Imidazole‐Urea Derivative Framework Bridged Mesoporous Hybrid Silica: A Highly Efficient Heterogeneous Nanocatalyst for Carbon Dioxide Conversion
Authors: Liu Mengshuai , Lu Xingyuan , Jiang Yichen , Sun Jianmin , Arai Masahiko 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe use of supported zwitterionic nanoparticles is an interesting and important strategy for the development of new CO2 conversion catalysts with enhanced activity and selectivity. Several zwitterionic imidazole‐urea derivative frameworks bridged mesoporous hybrid silica materials were prepared and characterized by using FTIR spectroscopy, solid‐state NMR spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XRD, TEM, and thermogravimetric analysis. The new Im‐Si‐X‐ϕ materials possess a high surface area, hydrogen‐bond donor ability, and nucleophilicity. The material that contains iodine and is protonated by an inorganic acid shows an excellent catalytic activity for CO2 conversion into cyclic carbonates with good recyclability. Reaction parameters for the cycloaddition of CO2 with propylene oxide to propylene carbonate were optimized. The one‐component material is an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for CO2 cycloaddition reactions and is a greener alternative to conventional supported transition‐metal catalysts. Its catalytic features were also compared to those of the unsupported free ionic compound and other supported catalysts reported previously.
Adsorption and Selective Recovery of Citric Acid with Poly(4‐vinylpyridine)
Authors: Van den Bergh Matthias , Van de Voorde Ben , De Vos Dirk 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCitric acid (CA) is an important organic acid that is produced on a large scale by fermentation. Current methods to recover CA from the fermentation broth require large amounts of chemicals and produce considerable amounts of waste, while not all CA can be recovered. The use of adsorbents can increase the degree of product recovery and reduce chemical consumption and waste generation. In this work, poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (PVP) is evaluated as an adsorbent for CA recovery. It has a high adsorption capacity (>30 wt %) at low pH and a high selectivity for CA at moderate pH in the presence of sulfate anions, two conditions that are frequently encountered during CA recovery. PVP could be efficiently regenerated after adsorption using simple alcohols like methanol and ethanol. Considering selectivity and regeneration, PVP distinctly outperforms more common adsorbents for organic acids, including commercial strongly and weakly basic anion exchangers. The desirable adsorptive features of PVP for CA can be attributed to the low basicity of the pyridine group.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and β‐blocker treatment in Asian patients with heart failure
Authors: Kubota Yoshiaki , Tay Wan Ting , Asai Kuniya , Murai Koji , Nakajima Ikutaro , Hagiwara Nobuhisa , Ikeda Takanori , Kurita Takashi , Teng Tiew‐Hwa Katherine , Anand Inder , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Shimizu Wataru ,   on behalf of the ASIA‐HF Study investigators
Published: October 2017

AbstractAimsChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and heart failure (HF) are increasingly frequent in Asia and commonly coexist in patients. However, the prevalence of COPD among Asian patients with HF and its impact on HF treatment are unclear.Methods and resultsWe compared clinical characteristics and treatment approaches between patients with or without a history of COPD, before and after 1:2 propensity matching (for age, sex, geographical region, income level, and ethnic group) in 5232 prospectively recruited patients with HF and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF, <40%) from 11 Asian regions (Northeast Asia: South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and China; South Asia: India; Southeast Asia: Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia, and Singapore). Among the 5232 patients with HFrEF, a history of COPD was present in 8.3% (n = 434), with significant variation in geography (11.0% in Northeast Asia vs. 4.7% in South Asia), regional income level (9.7% in high income vs. 5.8% in low income), and ethnicity (17.0% in Filipinos vs. 5.2% in Indians) (all P < 0.05). Use of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and diuretics was similar between groups, while usage of all β‐blockers was lower in the COPD group than in the non‐COPD group in the overall (66.3% vs. 79.9%) and propensity‐matched cohorts (66.3% vs. 81.7%) (all P < 0.05). A striking exception was the Japanese cohort in which β‐blocker use was high in COPD and non‐COPD patients (95.2% vs. 91.2%).ConclusionsThe prevalence of COPD in HFrEF varied across Asia and was related to underuse of β‐blockers, except in Japan.
Nanoemulsions From Unsaturated Fatty Acids Concentrates of Carp Oil Using Chitosan, Gelatin, and Their Blends as Wall Materials
Authors: Esquerdo Vanessa M. , Silva Patrick P. , Dotto Guilherme L. , Pinto Luiz A.A. 
Published: October 2017

This work aimed to study the development of food–grade nanoemulsions containing unsaturated fatty acids concentrates from carp oil, using chitosan, and gelatin as wall materials. The effects of chitosan:gelatin ratio, polymer concentration and homogenization time on the nanoemulsions characteristics were evaluated. Phase separation occurred when the chitosan:gelatin ratio was higher than 50:50. Nanoemulsions using proportion of chitosan over than 70% remained visually stable, with no phase separation, for more of 7 days. The highest homogenization time (20 min) and the lowest biopolymers concentration (1% w/v) resulted in smaller particle sizes for the ratios of 100:0, 90:10, and 70:30 (respectively, 292.0, 52.3, and 34.8 nm). The zeta potential increased with the amount of chitosan (from 26.5 to 31.0 mV), while pH and refractive index were not affected by the biopolymers ratio. After 7 days of storage, the nanoemulsion with 90:10 of chitosan:gelatin ratio was in the acceptable range of the legislation, showing peroxide value of 4.8 meq kg−1, p–Anisidine value of 9.8 meq kg−1, and ToTox value of 19.4 meq kg−1. Chitosan and gelatin provided high stability to the emulsions and also behaved as good wall materials, demonstrating the importance of studying its combination to form food–grade nanoemulsions.Practical Applications: Carp viscera are by–products of the fishery industry, rich in unsaturated fatty acids, which are associated to human health benefits. However, its low solubility in water and oxidative instability difficult the foods enrichment with these unsaturated fatty acids. Nanoemulsions delivery systems can be used to protect and increase its solubility. Edible biopolymers, such as chitosan and gelatin, can increase the physical and oxidative stability of these lipids in food systems through the formation of nanoemulsions, to facilitate the addition these lipophilic active ingredients in aqueous–based foods or beverages.Unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) of fish oil, especially omega‐3 series, are associated with several health benefits. In this work are prepared food–grade nanoemulsions containing UFA concentrates of carp oil, rich in omega‐3, using different proportions of the biopolymers chitosan and gelatin as wall materials.
Advantages of Carbon Nanomaterials in Electrochemical Aptasensors for Food Analysis
Authors: Vasilescu Alina , Hayat Akhtar , Gáspár Szilveszter , Marty Jean‐Louis 
Published: October 2017

AbstractElectrochemical aptasensors appear as promising tools in food analysis, able to provide sensitive, fast and cost‐effective analysis, with the added advantage of portability. Carbon nanomaterials and in particular carbon nanotubes and graphene are among the nanomaterials most often used to build electrochemical aptasensors due to their good electrical conductivity, large surface area and multiple functionalisation possibilities. This review aims to give an overview of the types of carbon nanomaterials and their composites which have been used to enhance the performance of electrochemical aptasensors. Examples are detailed for the biosensors which were tested with real food samples. In these aptasensors, carbon nanomaterials have played different roles, from facilitating the immobilization of high amounts of aptamer and enhancing the electroactive area of the sensors to roles as nanocarrier for signaling probes in amplification schemes or even as electroactive probes generating the output signal. The survey of recent literature shows a positive evolution towards increased aptasensor testing with food samples. However, many challenges remain related to the better characterization of nanomaterials used, clarifying the roles of specific components in multi‐component nanocomposites and widening the types of food matrices and analytes tested with the aptasensors. Although we are still far from knowing when these novel tools will replace classic analytical methods in food analysis, carbon nanomaterials will certainly continue to play an important role in the design of future electrochemical aptasensors for food analysis.
Internal preference mapping of milk–fruit beverages: Influence of color and appearance on its acceptability
Authors: Fernández‐Vázquez Rocío , Stinco Carla M. , Hernanz Vila Dolores , Heredia Francisco J. , Chaya Carolina , Vicario Isabel M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe individual preferences of 100 consumers between 20 and 30 years old for the color of 16 milk–fruit juice beverages (MFJB) were investigated by preference mapping technique. Consumers were asked to evaluate, just by looking at the samples, how much they liked them (from “Extremely dislike” to “Extremely like”). The color of the samples was analyzed by two different instrumental techniques. Results obtained from the instrumental color measurement showed the wide diversity in hues of the beverages available in the market, and correlations between techniques proved that both of them were appropriate to analyze color.Results showed that participants preferred samples with orangish appearance instead of those with a whiter look. Anyway, punctuations given by the consumers suggest that generally, color of these products is not highly evaluated by consumers, as the best mean punctuation was 6.6.
Health‐care quality and information failure: Evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Evans David K. , Welander Tärneberg Anna 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLow‐quality health services are a problem across low‐ and middle‐income countries. Information failure may contribute, as patients may have insufficient knowledge to discern the quality of health services. That decreases the likelihood that patients will sort into higher quality facilities, increasing demand for better health services. This paper presents results from a health survey in Nigeria to investigate whether patients can evaluate health service quality effectively. Specifically, this paper demonstrates that although more than 90% of patients agree with any positive statement about the quality of their local health services, satisfaction is significantly associated with the diagnostic ability of health workers at the facility. Satisfaction is not associated with more superficial characteristics such as infrastructure quality or prescriptions of medicines. This suggests that patients may have sufficient information to discern some of the most important elements of quality, but that alternative measures are crucial for gauging the overall quality of care.
Using Qualitative Inquiry to Promote Organizational Intelligence
Authors: Kimball Ezekiel , Loya Karla I. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFramed by Terenzini's revision of his classic “On the nature of institutional research” article, this chapter offers concluding thoughts on the way in which technical/analytical, issues, and contextual types of awarenesses appeared across chapters in this volume. Moreover, it outlines how each chapter demonstrated how qualitative inquiry is integral, rather than additive, to the development of organizational intelligence.
Contribution of 3‐Dimensional Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasonography (CEUS) Compared With 2‐Dimensional CEUS in the Analysis of Liver Tumors
Authors: Song Yi , Cheng Jingliang , Zhang Ruifang 
Published: October 2017

ObjectivesIn this study, we investigated the vascular characteristics of liver tumors on 3‐dimensional (3D) and 2‐dimensional (2D) contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS). The clinical value of these CEUS methods in the diagnosis of benign and malignant liver tumors was evaluated and compared.MethodsA total of 126 liver tumors were examined by conventional ultrasonography (US), 2D CEUS, and dynamic 3D CEUS (frequency range, 1–6 MHz; focusing ability, 2–25 cm in depth; mechanical index, 0.09). Dynamic 3D CEUS images were postprocessed with high‐resolution intelligent tomographic technology. The sensitivity and specificity of the CEUS methods in differentiating benign and malignant liver tumors were compared, as were the vascular characteristics (including the number and spatial relationships of the tumor vessels, such as origin and continuity) of the tumors in the arterial phase.ResultsThe imaging methods did not significantly differ in their sensitivity and specificity for differentiating benign and malignant liver tumors (P > .05). Dynamic 3D CEUS was significantly better than 2D CEUS in revealing the vascular characteristics of the tumors (P < .05). The vascular morphologic characteristics of benign and malignant hepatic tumors in the arterial phase of dynamic 3D CEUS using intelligent tomographic technology differed significantly (P < .05).ConclusionsDynamic 3D CEUS of liver tumors provides a more intuitive and comprehensive view of the spatial relationships of their blood vessels, including their peripheral and internal distribution. The volume information obtained with dynamic 3D CEUS combined with intelligent tomographic technology can improve the US‐based diagnosis of liver tumors and thus guide their treatment.