bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Educational Gaps in Dermatologic Diagnoses Among Otolaryngology Residents
Authors: Noveir Sasan Darain , Nadeem Wasiq , Cheng Carol E. , Lee Matthew K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOtolaryngologists frequently serve as the first touchpoint for patients presenting with dermatologic conditions of the head and neck. This study aims to identify and quantify gaps in dermatologic training among otolaryngology residents, and to assess their diagnostic accuracy in comparison to dermatology residents. It comprised 14 multiple‐choice questions focused on common dermatologic diagnoses related to the head and neck. Sixty‐one dermatology and 36 otolaryngology residents participated in the study. Dermatology residents significantly outperformed otolaryngology residents, with average scores of 90% (SD = 8) compared to 71% (SD = 10) (P < .001). The observed effect size (Cohen's d = 2.010) significantly exceeded the expected effect size (0.603). Otolaryngology residents performed significantly lower on 7 out of the 14 questions. Analysis based on postgraduate year level showed no significant differences in scores within dermatology (P = .119) or otolaryngology (P = .402) residency programs.
Molecular design and application of low dielectric bismaleimide resin
Authors: Lu Shaolin , He Qianyi , Zeng Xiangxing , Ma Zetong , Yang Yuzhao , Chen Xudong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWith the development of communications technology, the copper‐clad laminate (CCL) for integrated circuits (IC) pointed to the direction of high‐frequency and high‐speed development, that is, a lower dielectric constant and dielectric loss requirements. Bismaleimide (BMI) resins feature stable dielectric properties and excellent thermal stability over a wide temperature range, widely used in the manufacture of high‐frequency and high‐speed CCL substrates. However, the comprehensive performance of BMI resin itself, including dielectric properties, still cannot fully meet the needs of the ever‐changing communications industry, so the molecular design modification of BMI resin to enhance the dielectric properties is currently one of the key research directions for integrated circuit CCL. This paper reviews the development of BMI resins and their applications, focusing on the main methods of molecular design modification and formulation optimization, including allyl, diamine, internal chain‐extended, and chemical/physical blending modification. Finally, the low dielectric BMI resin and its application and development in high‐frequency and high‐speed CCL are summarized and prospected. Future research directions include the design and synthesis of multi‐component copolymers to further realize the balance between low dielectric and comprehensive performance, as well as exploring the possibility of novel composite modifications to provide more competitive high‐performance materials for the IC laminate field.Highlights
The development of bismaleimide resin and their applications are reviewed.
Bismaleimide monomers' synthesis and chemical reaction are summarized.
The modified methods of bismaleimide resin in low dielectric are reviewed.
Future research directions of low dielectric bismaleimide are prospected.
Bioelektrizität mit Laserlicht und Atomen messen
Authors: Middelmann Thomas , Sander‐Thömmes Tilmann , Lebedev Victor , Krüger Peter 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungOptische Magnetometer sind eine neue Klasse hochempfindlicher Quantensensoren. Sie werden bereits in der Größe einer Streichholzschachtel hergestellt und können Magnetfeldänderungen messen, die milliardenfach geringer als das Erdmagnetfeld sind. Sie werden eingesetzt, um die bioelektrischen Signale im menschlichen Körper magnetisch – und somit nichtinvasiv und prinzipiell berührungslos – zu messen. Am weitesten fortgeschritten ist ihr Einsatz in flexiblen Multisensorsystemen für die Magnetoenzephalographie. Darüber hinaus wird ihr Einsatz auch für Muskelsignalmessungen (Magnetomyographie) oder zur Defektanalyse von Batterien erforscht.
Sensitive Profiling of Mouse Liver Membrane Proteome Dysregulation Following a High‐Fat and Alcohol Diet Treatment
Authors: Antony Frank , Brough Zora , Orangi Mona , Al‐Seragi Mohammed , Aoki Hiroyuki , Babu Mohan , Duong van Hoa Franck 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAlcohol consumption and high‐fat (HF) diets often coincide in Western society, resulting in synergistic negative effects on liver function. Although studies have analyzed the global protein expression in the context of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), none has offered specific insights on liver dysregulation at the membrane proteome level. Membrane‐specific profiling of metabolic and compensatory phenomena is usually overshadowed in conventional proteomic workflows. In this study, we use the Peptidisc method to isolate and compare the membrane protein (MP) content of the liver with its unique biological functions. From mice fed with an HF diet and ethanol in drinking water, we annotate over 1500 liver proteins with half predicted to have at least one transmembrane segment. Among them, we identify 106 integral MPs that are dysregulated compared to the untreated sample. Gene Ontology analysis reveals several dysregulated membrane‐associated processes like lipid metabolism, cell adhesion, xenobiotic processing, and mitochondrial membrane formation. Pathways related to cholesterol and bile acid transport are also mutually affected, suggesting an adaptive mechanism to counter the upcoming steatosis of the liver model. Taken together, our Peptidisc‐based profiling of the diet‐dysregulated liver provides specific insights and hypotheses into the role of the transmembrane proteome in disease development, and flags desirable MPs for therapeutic and diagnostic targeting.
Nicotine addiction and the influence of life adversity and acute stress on PYY: Prediction of early smoking relapse
Authors: Miller Amanda A. , Nakajima Motohiro , DeAngelis Briana N. , Hatsukami Dorothy K. , al'Absi Mustafa 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEarly life adversity (ELA) is associated with earlier initiation and maintenance of tobacco smoking and with a greater risk of subsequent relapse. There is growing evidence that appetite hormones, including peptide YY (PYY), which modulates craving and satiety responses, play a role in stress and addiction processes. This study employed a quasi‐experimental design to examine the association between ELA and circulating PYY stress responses in smokers and nonsmokers (N = 152, ages 19–73 years) to examine the effects of nicotine addiction. Smokers initiated a quit attempt as part of the study and were classified as either abstinent smokers or relapsed smokers based on their nicotine use during the follow‐up period. PYY levels were measured at five timepoints during three lab sessions and compared between nonsmokers and the two smoking groups (abstainers, relapsers): while smokers were using nicotine ad libitum, 24 h after smokers initiated a quit attempt, and 4 weeks after smokers initiated a quit attempt. Multivariate analyses showed the main effects of time on PYY, which decreased over time within each session. The main effects of ELA during the first (ad libitum smoking) and second (24‐h post‐cessation for smokers) sessions indicated that experiencing ELA was associated with lower PYY. No systematic effect of nicotine addiction or relapse was observed in this study. These findings suggest that adults with higher ELA may experience lower PYY. Additional research is needed to further explore the role of PYY in stress and addiction processes.
Fabrication of a Reversible Fluorescence Sensor Based on Nitrogen‐Sulfur Co‐Doped Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes for Detection of Mercury Ions: Experimental and DFT Insights
Authors: Bharati Jaryal Vishal , Singh Raghubir , Ali Sajjad , Bououdina Mohamed , Gupta Neeraj 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAn eco‐friendly approach involving hydrothermal treatment followed by thermal annealing was adopted for the preparation of nitrogen‐sulfur co‐doped multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (NS‐CNT@600) using melamine and thiourea as precursors. The prepared NS‐CNT@600 were characterized using X‐Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD), High‐Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR‐TEM), Ultraviolet and Visible Spectroscopy (UV‐Vis). They were applied for the fluorescent detection of Hg2+ ions in water. A fluorescence quenching sensor for sensitive and precise detection of Hg2+ ions was developed by making use of the sensitivity of NS‐CNT@600 to fluorescence quenching behavior caused by interaction with Hg2+ ions. Additionally, the selectivity of NS‐CNT@600 towards Hg2+ ions was thoroughly investigated in the presence of other interfering metal ions. There was a linear relationship between fluorescence intensity and Hg2+ concentration from 10 to 50 nM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 6.3 nM. The proposed method was also tested on real water samples with positive results. Physicochemical features and interaction mechanism of analyte‐material transduction were exclusively studied by combining fluorescence spectrophotometry and density functional theory (DFT) calculation techniques. The strategy provides an easy way to develop low‐cost, selective and sensitive probes for rapid fluorescent sensing of Hg2+ ions in aqueous solutions.
Fractal Growth Regulation and Mechanism of Copper Dendrite by Micro‐point Electrode Electrodeposition
Authors: Li Luxin , Wu Yujian , Wang Daiyi , Zeng Haoyue , Huang Yanyan , Li Tao , Yang Yuxin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe behavior of fractal growth based on copper metal was examined by micro‐point electrode electrodeposition. On this basis, the process and morphological characteristic of Cu fractal growth can be controlled by changing the electrodeposition time, current and concentration of Cu2+. The growth of snowflake Cu dendrites is confined to the two‐dimensional plane of the paper base to monitor the fractal structural changes. The electrodeposition process of snowflake Cu dendrites is deeply regulated by exploring the changing trend of fractal dimension. To further understand the fractal growth mechanism of Cu, the electro‐driven centripetal migration and random migration of ions are introduced in the traditional diffusion‐limited aggregation model. The simulated fractal patterns successfully correspond with the experimental results. The results are helpful to explore the fractal growth characteristics and dynamic mechanism of the electrodeposited copper dendrites, which lay a foundation for controlling the growth of the electrodeposited metal dendrites.
Continuous Flow Synthesis of the Nerve Agent Antidote Pralidoxime (2‐PAM) Iodide
Authors: Gomez Mauro R. B. P. , da Rocha Vinicius C. V. , Chaves Letícia S. , Gotardo Larissa E. , Leão Raquel A. C. , Kitagawa Daniel A. S. , de A. Cavalcante Samir F. , de Souza Rodrigo O. M. A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPralidoxime salts are important medical countermeasures towards different organophosphorus compounds, either nerve agents or pesticides, as they act as acetylcholinesterase reactivators, avoiding health issues and even death that can result from intoxication with such chemicals. In this work, we present an expeditious study focuses on the optimization of a two‐step continuous‐flow synthesis of 2‐PAM. Initial attempts to replace the solvent composition in the oxime formation reaction with acetonitrile resulted in lower yields, highlighting the significance of a polar protic solvent. Subsequent optimization under continuous‐flow conditions revealed the successful execution of oxime formation at room temperature with a residence time of 20 minutes, achieving an impressive 96 % conversion, surpassing literature‐reported conditions. The methylation step required a high residence time of 60 minutes at 120 °C for a substantial conversion of 78 %. The two‐step continuous‐flow process demonstrated robustness, yielding 75 %, with space‐time yields of 0.32 g/h and 0.18 g/h. Further concentration adjustments increased space‐time yields to 3.2 g/h and 2.2 g/h. Despite solvent incompatibility, a strategic alteration of the reaction sequence allowed for a successful cascade process, integrating the methylation step in acetonitrile and the oxime formation in water. The continuous‐flow system, incorporating a heat exchanger, exhibited stability, maintaining full conversion and a space‐time yield of 0.3 g/h over extended periods. This systematic optimization not only enhances the efficiency of 2‐PAM synthesis but also provides insights into a scalable and practical continuous‐flow cascade process.
Tuning the Structures of Amide‐Imine Conjugates for Sequential Optical Recognition of Mo(VI) and AsO2− Ions
Authors: Khanra Somnath , Lohar Sisir , Das Debasis 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTwo amide‐imine conjugates where amide is synthesized by reacting hydrazine with 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid and subsequently condensed with 2‐hydroxy naphthalene‐1‐carbaldehyde (m1) and 2‐hydroxy benzaldehyde (m2), selectively detects Mo(VI) at nano molar level via change in emission characteristics. The interactions have been authenticated from single crystal X‐ray structures of resulting Mo(VI) complexes (Mo1 and Mo2). Further, Mo1 selectively interacts with AsO2− via formation of H‐bond that facilitates its detection through change of emission characteristics. The binding constant of Mo1 for AsO2− is 1.02×105 M−1/2. The TCSPC studies support the interaction of Mo1 with AsO2−. The probe‐analyte interaction has also been established by different spectroscopic techniques like 1H NMR, ESI‐MS, FTIR and Jobs experiment. Theoretical DFT studies justifies the reason behind the interaction and support experimental spectroscopic findings. Notably, the sequential fluorescence recognition of Mo(VI) and AsO2− by m1 have been explored to construct a logic gate.
Effects of acepromazine, xylazine and propofol on spinal reflexes in healthy dogs
Authors: Sheykhbahaedinzade Ali , Sarchahi Ali Asghar , Kazemi Mehrjerdi Hossein 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn the neurological examination, it is crucial to identify the possible location of the lesion in order to determine the appropriate treatment process. In aggressive animals, chemical restraint may be necessary due to their non‐cooperative behaviour. However, sedatives may distort the results of examinations. Therefore, a drug should be found that has minimal impact on the examination results.ObjectivesTo investigate the effects of acepromazine, xylazine, and propofol on spinal reflexes in healthy dogs.MethodsIn a randomized, blinded study, ten native adult mixed‐breed dogs were participated in three groups with a 1‐week washout period between each group. Before performing each step, the spinal reflexes were evaluated. Then, in the first group, acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg, IM), in the second group, xylazine (1 mg/kg, IM), and in the third group, propofol (3 mg/kg, IV for initial bolus and 0.1 mg/kg/min for maintenance) were injected for sedation. The spinal reflexes were reevaluated at maximum sedation and at 15, 30, and 45 min thereafter.ResultsAcepromazine increased the patellar reflex and decreased the panniculus reflex. Xylazine increased the cranial tibial reflex and decreased the panniculus reflex, while propofol decreased the withdrawal, and extensor carpi radialis reflexes, and suppressed the palpebral and gag reflexes.ConclusionsThe drugs used in the present study did not have a significant impact on the most important reflexes evaluated in neurological examinations. Among the drugs, acepromazine has the least effects compared to other drugs, making it a suitable choice for sedation.
Potential Piperolactam A Isolated From Piper betle as Natural Inhibitors of Brucella Species Aminoacyl‐tRNA Synthetase for Livestock Infections: In Silico Approach
Authors: Latipudin Diding , Tumilaar Sefren Geiner , Ramdani Yoga , Dudi Dudi , Kurnia Dikdik 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBrucellosis is an important global zoonosis caused by the bacterium Brucella sp. Brucellosis causes abortions, reproductive failure and reduced milk production, resulting in significant economic losses. Brucella species are reported to be resistant to antibiotics, which makes treatment difficult. The urgency of discovering new drug candidates to combat Brucella’s infection necessitates the exploration of novel alternative agents with unique protein targets. Aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases (aaRSs), which have fundamental functions in translation, inhibit this process, stop protein synthesis and ultimately inhibit bacterial growth. The purpose of this study was to isolate piperolactam A compounds from the methanol extract of Piper betle leaves that have potential as antibacterials to inhibit the growth of Brucella sp. causing brucellosis in livestock and to analyse the mechanism of inhibitory activity of piperolactam A compounds against the aaRS enzyme through a molecular docking approach in silico. Piperolactam A was isolated from P. betle by column chromatography and characterized by UV, IR, 1D and 2D NMRs and MS, then tested for their inhibition mechanism against the enzymes threonyl‐tRNA synthetase, leucyl‐tRNA synthetase (LeuRS) and methionyl‐tRNA synthetase in silico. The result in silico test is that piperolactam A has the potential to inhibit LeuRS enzyme with the greater binding affinity.
Terphenyl Amido Stannylene‐NHC Adduct: A Catalyst for the Hydrosilylation of Aldehydes and Ketones
Authors: Niu Dechuang , Kelly John A. , Kiefer Fiona J. , Kostenko Arseni , Inoue Shigeyoshi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe terphenyl amido stannylene‐NHC adducts, HMDS(MesTer)Sn(NHC), (MesTer = 2,6‐Mes2C6H3, Mes = 2,4,6‐Me3‐C6H2, HMDS = N(SiMe3)2, NHC = IMe4, IEt, IMe4 = 1,3,4,5‐tetramethylimidazol‐2‐ylidene, Iet = 1,3‐diethyl‐4,5‐dimethylimidazol‐2‐ylidene), were reacted with benzaldehyde resulting in the formation of HMDS(MesTer)Sn(OCH(Ph)NHC). In the presence of acetophenone, deprotonation occurs to afford the tin enolate (MesTer)Sn(NHC)(OPhC=CH2), via the release of hexamethyldisilamine. This stannylene‐NHC adduct is a catalyst for the homogeneous hydrosilylation of aldehydes and ketones under ambient conditions.
Irreversibility analysis of CNT‐enhanced Williamson nanofluid flow in a stretching cylinder
Authors: M.N. Pooja , S.K. Narasimhamurthy 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study presents a novel exploration into the intricate interplay of slanted magnetohydrodynamic and radiative fluxes within a Williamson fluid incorporating single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in a water‐based system. Utilizing an exponentially stretching cylinder model, the research holistically integrates entropy production, encompassing thermal radiation, porosity, buoyant forces, and heat source/sink constraints within the governing equations. To solve the resulting governing equations with boundary conditions, the shooting technique is employed to convert them into initial value problems. Subsequently, the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg 4–5th order method is used to obtain numerical solutions. Unveiling unprecedented insights, the investigation reveals distinctive parameter dependencies governing fluid behavior. It delineates how variations in different factors distinctly impact fluid velocity, thermal profiles, entropy generation, Bejan number, drag force, and heat transfer rates across different nanofluid compositions. Furthermore, the study highlights the transformative impact of nanocomposites on altering the thermal properties of the fluid and orchestrating nanofluid mobility. The results show that MWCNTs have an enhanced entropy generation rate when compared to SWCNTs. These findings bear substantial promise for real‐world applications involving water‐based nanofluids, shedding light on their manipulation and optimization in various technological domains.
The transverse energy-energy correlator at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading logarithm
Authors: Gao Anjie , Li Hai Tao , Moult Ian , Zhu Hua Xing 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We present an operator based factorization formula for the transverse energy-energy correlator in the back-to-back (dijet) region, and uncover its remarkable perturbative simplicity and relation to transverse momentum dynamics. This simplicity enables us to achieve next-to-next-to-next-to leading logarithmic (N3LL) accuracy for a hadron collider dijet event shape for the first time. Our factorization formula applies to W/Z/γ + jet, and dijet production, providing a natural generalization of transverse momentum observables to one- and two-jet final states. This provides a laboratory for precision studies of QCD and transverse momentum dynamics at hadron colliders, as well as an opportunity for understanding factorization and its violation in a perturbatively well controlled setting.
Note on holographic torus stress tensor correlators in AdS3 gravity
Authors: He Song , Li Yi , Li Yun-Ze , Zhang Yunda 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In the AdS3/CFT2 framework, the Euclidean BTZ black hole corresponds to the dominant high-temperature phase of its dual field theory. We initially employ perturbative methods to solve the Einstein equations as boundary value problems, providing correlators for the energy-momentum tensor operator at low points. Utilizing operator equations established in our previous work, we further compute arbitrary high-point correlators for the energy-momentum tensor operator in the high-temperature phase and recursive relations for these high-point functions. Concurrently, we employ the Chern-Simons formalism to derive consistent results. Further, using the cut-off AdS/$$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

-deformed CFT duality, we calculate the energy-momentum tensor correlators, contributing to the comprehensive understanding of the system’s dynamics. Finally, stress tensor correlators enable us to ascertain the corresponding KdV operator correlators at low-temperature.
Modular properties of massive scalar partition functions
Authors: Aggarwal Ankit , Barnich Glenn 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We compute the exact thermal partition functions of a massive scalar field on flat spacetime backgrounds of the form ℝd−q × 𝕋q+1 and show that they possess an SL(q + 1, ℤ) symmetry. Non-trivial relations between equivalent expressions for the result are obtained by doing the computation using functional, canonical and worldline methods. For q = 1, the results exhibit modular symmetry and may be expressed in terms of massive Maass-Jacobi forms. In the complex case with chemical potential for U(1) charge turned on, the usual discussion of relativistic Bose-Einstein condensation is modified by the presence of the small dimensions.
Wormholes without averaging
Authors: Saad Phil , Shenker Stephen H. , Stanford Douglas , Yao Shunyu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
After averaging over fermion couplings, SYK has a collective field description that sometimes has “wormhole” solutions. We study the fate of these wormholes when the couplings are fixed. Working mainly in a simple model, we find that the wormhole saddles persist, but that new saddles also appear elsewhere in the integration space — “half-wormholes.” The wormhole contributions depend only weakly on the specific choice of couplings, while the half-wormhole contributions are strongly sensitive. The half-wormholes are crucial for factorization of decoupled systems with fixed couplings, but they vanish after averaging, leaving the non-factorizing wormhole behind.