bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental drivers of mesozooplankton biomass variability in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
Authors: Valencia Bellineth , Landry Michael R. , Décima Moira , Hannides Cecelia C. S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe environmental drivers of zooplankton variability are poorly explored for the central subtropical Pacific, where a direct bottom‐up food‐web connection is suggested by increasing trends in primary production and mesozooplankton biomass at station ALOHA (A Long‐term Oligotrophic Habitat Assessment) over the past 20 years (1994–2013). Here we use generalized additive models (GAMs) to investigate how these trends relate to the major modes of North Pacific climate variability. A GAM based on monthly mean data explains 43% of the temporal variability in mesozooplankton biomass with significant influences from primary productivity (PP), sea surface temperature (SST), North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO), and El Niño. This result mainly reflects the seasonal plankton cycle at station ALOHA, in which increasing light and SST lead to enhanced nitrogen fixation, productivity, and zooplankton biomass during summertime. Based on annual mean data, GAMs for two variables suggest that PP and 3–4 year lagged NPGO individually account for ~40% of zooplankton variability. The full annual mean GAM explains 70% of variability of zooplankton biomass with significant influences from PP, 4 year lagged NPGO, and 4 year lagged Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). The NPGO affects wind stress, sea surface height, and subtropical gyre circulation and has been linked to mideuphotic zone anomalies in salinity and PP at station ALOHA. Our study broadens the known impact of this climate mode on plankton dynamics in the North Pacific. While lagged transport effects are also evident for subtropical waters, our study highlights a strong coupling between zooplankton fluctuations and PP, which differs from the transport‐dominated climate influences that have been found for North Pacific boundary currents.
(Un)Coupled thrust belt‐foreland deformation in the northern Patagonian Andes: New insights from the Esquel‐Gastre sector (41°30′–43°S)
Authors: Savignano E. , Mazzoli S. , Arce M. , Franchini M. , Gautheron C. , Paolini M. , Zattin M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe Patagonian Andes represents a unique natural laboratory to study surface deformation in relation to deep slab dynamics. In the sector comprised between latitudes 41°30′ and 43°S, new apatite (U‐Th)/He ages indicate a markedly different unroofing pattern between the “broken foreland” area (characterized by Late Cretaceous to Paleogene exhumation) and the adjacent Andean sector to the west, which is dominated by Miocene‐Pliocene exhumation. These unroofing stages can be confidently ascribed to inversion tectonics involving reverse fault‐related uplift and concomitant erosion. Late Cretaceous‐Paleogene shortening and exhumation are well known to have affected also the thrust belt sector of the study area during a prolonged stage of flat‐slab subduction. Therefore, the different ages of near‐surface unroofing documented in this study suggest coupling of the deformation between the thrust belt and its foreland during periods of flat‐slab subduction (e.g., during Late Cretaceous‐Paleogene times) and dominant uncoupling during periods of steep‐slab subduction and rollback, even when these are associated with high convergence rates (i.e., > 4 cm/yr), as those documented in Miocene times for the Patagonian Andes.
Partially shared consensus decision making and distributed leadership in vervet monkeys: older females lead the group to forage
Authors: Lee Hillary C. , Teichroeb Julie A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectivesGroup living can be advantageous, but for motile organisms, collective movements become necessary. We are just beginning to understand the many ways that animal groups make movement decisions and maintain cohesion. We examined start attempts and success in leading collective group movements in vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) characterized by matrilineal groups and territoriality.Materials and methodsWe recorded 179 start attempts in a single group of vervets at Lake Nabugabo, Uganda and examined individual success in three situations (departing from sleeping site, moving to forage, returning to sleeping site) relative to dominance rank, age, and sex.ResultsSex and age were associated with both the number of start attempts and success in leading group movements, but there was no effect of dominance rank. Older females were most successful at leading group movements, especially toward foraging sites, while adult and subadult males almost always led the group out of the sleeping site.DiscussionCollective group movements in vervet monkeys appear to be based on distributed leadership and partially shared consensus decision making. Older females may be repositories of ecological knowledge, resulting in their success at leading the group to forage. Male motivation to lead the way out of the sleeping site appeared related to accessing human food sources before other group members. Young natal males achieved some success leading group progressions because they were motivated to make many initiations, which may be related to their life‐stage. These results give us a better understanding of the processes underlying collective movements in cohesive animal groups.
Bifid median nerve in a patient with carpal tunnel syndrome: A case report and literature review
Authors: Narayan Sharwan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA middle‐aged man with Carpal tunnel syndrome without any known predisposing risk factors is presented. Ultrasonography demonstrated two structures within the left carpal tunnel with similar echo pattern as median nerve, thus confirming an anatomical variation in the median nerve, described in the literature as bifid median nerve. The knowledge of the existence of bifid median nerve is an important factor in planning surgical decompression of median nerve to avoid nerve and persistent median artery injuries and/or potential relapse if decompression of both branches is not carried out. In addition, this knowledge is important in deciding whether to inject above the bifurcation or into the epineurial of individual nerve trunks in the setting of planned symptomatic corticosteroid injections. In conclusion, bifid median nerve is an anatomic variant that may contribute to carpal tunnel syndrome and can be demonstrated ultrasonographically. It is important to be aware of this anomaly when planning carpal tunnel release surgery and symptomatic corticosteroid injections.
Evaluating agricultural bet‐hedging strategies in the Kona Field System: New high‐precision 230Th/U and 14C dates and plant microfossil data from Kealakekua, Hawai‘i Island
Authors: McCOY MARK D. , MULROONEY MARA A. , HORROCKS MARK , CHENG HAI , LADEFOGED THEGN N. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThe Kona Field System, located on the leeward side of Hawai‘i Island, is comprised of a network of stone field walls, terraces, mounds and other agricultural, residential and religious features stretched over an estimated 163 km2. Previous research indicates a construction history of the fields that could have begun as early as the Foundation Period (AD 1000–1200), followed by a shift in agricultural strategies from those that reduce variance in yield (AD 1450–1600) to a strategy of production maximisation (after AD 1600) attributed to the growing political economy. However, these propositions are based on radiocarbon dates, many of which do not meet minimal standards for acceptable sample selection. We report the results of new excavations at the Amy Greenwell Ethnobotanical Garden in Kealakekua that suggest (1) that agricultural infrastructural improvements were being made by AD 1400, and (2) that agronomic infrastructure continued to be added to optimal lands and elsewhere after AD 1700 as decisions regarding agricultural strategies became coopted by political elites. There remains a great deal about the Kona Field System that is still poorly documented through archaeology.
Configurationally Stable Chiral Dithia‐Bridged Hetero[4]helicene Radical Cation: Electronic Structure and Absolute Configuration
Authors: Gliemann Bettina D. , Petrovic Ana G. , Zolnhofer Eva M. , Dral Pavlo O. , Hampel Frank , Breitenbruch Georg , Schulze Philipp , Raghavan Vijay , Meyer Karsten , Polavarapu Prasad L. , Berova Nina , Kivala Milan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA stable chiral hetero[4]helicene radical cation was synthesized and characterized by UV/Vis absorption and EPR spectroscopy, as well as X‐ray crystallography. For the first time, a combination of chiroptical methods involving ECD, ORD, and VCD, supported by quantum mechanical predictions, enabled the elucidation of the absolute configuration of such open‐shell helical species.
An assessment of the potential products and economic and environmental impacts resulting from a billion ton bioeconomy
Authors: Rogers Jonathan N. , Stokes Bryce , Dunn Jennifer , Cai Hao , Wu May , Haq Zia , Baumes Harry 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis paper is the summation of several analyses to assess the size and benefits of a Billion Ton Bioeconomy, a vision to enable a sustainable market for producing and converting a billion tons of US biomass to bio‐based energy, fuels, and products by 2030. Two alternative biomass availability scenarios in 2030, defined as the (i) Business‐as‐usual (598 million dry tons) and (ii) Billion Ton (1042 million dry tons), establish a range of possible outcomes for the future bioeconomy. The biomass utilized in the current (2014) (365 million dry tons) economy is estimated to displace approximately 2.4% of fossil energy consumption and avoid 116 million tons of CO2‐equivalent (CO2e) emissions, whereas the Billion Ton bioeconomy of 2030 could displace 9.5% of fossil energy consumption and avoid as much as 446 million tons of CO2 equivalent emissions annually. Developing the integrated systems, supply chains, and infrastructure to efficiently grow, harvest, transport, and convert large quantities of biomass in a sustainable way could support the transition to a low‐carbon economy. Bio‐based activities in the current (2014) economy are estimated to have directly generated more than $48 billion in revenue and 285 000 jobs. Our estimates show that developing biomass resources and addressing current limitations to achieve a Billion Ton bioeconomy could expand direct bioeconomy revenue by a factor of 5 to contribute nearly $259 billion and 1.1 million jobs to the US economy by 2030. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Integration of parallel 13C‐labeling experiments and in silico pathway analysis for enhanced production of ascomycin
Authors: Qi Haishan , Lv Mengmeng , Song Kejing , Wen Jianping 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTHerein, the hyper‐producing strain for ascomycin was engineered based on 13C‐labeling experiments and elementary flux modes analysis (EFMA). First, the metabolism of non‐model organism Streptomyces hygroscopicus var. ascomyceticus SA68 was investigated and an updated network model was reconstructed using 13C‐ metabolic flux analysis. Based on the precise model, EFMA was further employed to predict genetic targets for higher ascomycin production. Chorismatase (FkbO) and pyruvate carboxylase (Pyc) were predicted as the promising overexpression and deletion targets, respectively. The corresponding mutant TD‐FkbO and TD‐ΔPyc exhibited the consistency effects between model prediction and experimental results. Finally, the combined genetic manipulations were performed, achieving a high‐yield ascomycin engineering strain TD‐ΔPyc‐FkbO with production up to 610 mg/L, 84.8% improvement compared with the parent strain SA68. These results manifested that the integration of 13C‐labeling experiments and in silico pathway analysis could serve as a promising concept to enhance ascomycin production, as well as other valuable products. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1036–1044. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Model‐based investigation of intracellular processes determining antibody Fc‐glycosylation under mild hypothermia
Authors: Sou Si Nga , Jedrzejewski Philip M. , Lee Ken , Sellick Christopher , Polizzi Karen M. , Kontoravdi Cleo 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTDespite the positive effects of mild hypothermic conditions on monoclonal antibody (mAb) productivity (qmAb) during mammalian cell culture, the impact of reduced culture temperature on mAb Fc‐glycosylation and the mechanism behind changes in the glycan composition are not fully established. The lack of knowledge about the regulation of dynamic intracellular processes under mild hypothermia restricts bioprocess optimization. To address this issue, a mathematical model that quantitatively describes Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell behavior and metabolism, mAb synthesis and mAb N‐linked glycosylation profile before and after the induction of mild hypothermia is constructed. Results from this study show that the model is capable of representing experimental results well in all of the aspects mentioned above, including the N‐linked glycosylation profile of mAb produced under mild hypothermia. Most importantly, comparison between model simulation results for different culture temperatures suggests the reduced rates of nucleotide sugar donor production and galactosyltransferase (GalT) expression to be critical contributing factors that determine the variation in Fc‐glycan profiles between physiological and mild hypothermic conditions in stable CHO transfectants. This is then confirmed using experimental measurements of GalT expression levels, thereby closing the loop between the experimental and the computational system. The identification of bottlenecks within CHO cell metabolism under mild hypothermic conditions will aid bioprocess optimization, for example, by tailoring feeding strategies to improve NSD production, or manipulating the expression of specific glycosyltransferases through cell line engineering. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1570–1582. © 2016 The Authors. Biotechnology and Bioengineering Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc.
Noninvasive assessment of tissue‐engineered graft viability by oxygen‐17 magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Einstein Samuel A. , Weegman Bradley P. , Kitzmann Jennifer P. , Papas Klearchos K. , Garwood Michael 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTTransplantation of macroencapsulated tissue‐engineered grafts (TEGs) is being investigated as a treatment for type 1 diabetes, but there is a critical need to measure TEG viability both in vitro and in vivo. Oxygen deficiency is the most critical issue preventing widespread implementation of TEG transplantation and delivery of supplemental oxygen (DSO) has been shown to enhance TEG survival and function in vivo. In this study, we demonstrate the first use of oxygen‐17 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (17O‐MRS) to measure the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of TEGs and show that in addition to providing therapeutic benefits to TEGs, DSO with 17O2 can also enable measurements of TEG viability. Macroencapsulated TEGs containing βTC3 murine insulinoma cells were prepared with three fractional viabilities and provided with 17O2. Cellular metabolism of 17O2 into nascent mitochondrial water (H217O) was monitored by 17O‐MRS and, from the measured data, OCR was calculated. For comparison, OCR was simultaneously measured on a separate, but equivalent sample of cells with a well‐established stirred microchamber technique. OCR measured by 17O‐MRS agreed well with measurements made in the stirred microchamber device. These studies confirm that 17O‐MRS can quantify TEG viability noninvasively. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1118–1121. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Surface Alloy or Metal–Cation Interaction‐The State of Zn Promoting the Active Cu Sites in Methanol Synthesis Catalysts
Authors: Großmann Dennis , Klementiev Konstantin , Sinev Ilya , Grünert Wolfgang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractModel catalysts containing disordered CuO and ZnO species in the pores of SBA‐15 were reduced under different conditions (standard: H2, 513 K; severe: CO/H2, 673 K), studied by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) including operando work and used as catalysts for methanol synthesis at pressures up to 8 bar, where they were comparable with a commercial reference in terms of reaction rates related to Cu surface area. Severe reduction caused significant activation of the Cu sites beyond the sizeable level achieved already after standard reduction. In XRD, which failed to detect most of the active components, owing to small particle sizes, weak indications of alloy formation were found after severe reduction. XAFS, which averages over all species present, showed the interaction of Cu with zinc ions to increase by severe reduction, while formation of Zn0 was below detection limit. On this basis, the promoting interaction of Zn to Cu was ascribed to an interaction of zinc cations with Cu0.
Influence of the Surface Chemistry of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes on the Selective Conversion of Cellulose into Sorbitol
Authors: Ribeiro Lucília S. , Delgado Juan J. , de Melo Órfão José J. , Ribeiro Pereira M. Fernando 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNT) were submitted to liquid‐phase chemical treatments using HNO3 and subsequently to gas‐phase thermal treatments to incorporate different sets of oxygenated groups on the surface. The modified CNT were used as supports for 0.4 wt % Ru in the direct conversion of ball‐milled cellulose to sorbitol and high conversions were reached after 3 h at 205 °C. Ru supported on the original CNT, although less active, was the most selective catalyst for the one‐pot process (70 % sorbitol selectivity after 2 h). Unlike the one‐pot process, the support acidity greatly promoted the rate of cellulose hydrolysis (35 % increase after 2 h) and the glucose selectivity (12 % increase after 2 h). The rate of glucose hydrogenation was almost not affected by the support modification. However, the catalyst acidity improved the sorbitol selectivity from glucose. The support acidity was a central factor for the one‐pot conversion of cellulose, as well as for the individual hydrolysis and hydrogenation steps, and the original CNT supported Ru catalyst was the most efficient and selective catalyst for the direct conversion of cellulose to sorbitol.
13C MR Hyperpolarization of Lactate by Using ParaHydrogen and Metabolic Transformation in Vitro
Authors: Cavallari Eleonora , Carrera Carla , Aime Silvio , Reineri Francesca 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHyperpolarization of the 13C magnetic resonance signal of l‐[1–13C]lactate has been obtained using the chemically based, cost‐effective method called parahydrogen‐induced polarization by means of side‐arm hydrogenation (PHIP–SAH). Two ester derivatives of lactate were tested and the factors that determine the polarization level on the product have been investigated in detail. The metabolic conversion of hyperpolarized l‐[1–13C]lactate into pyruvate has been observed in vitro using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and in a cells lysate. From the acquisition of a series of 13C NMR spectra, the metabolic build‐up of the [1–13C]pyruvate signal has been observed. These studies demonstrate that, even if the experimental set‐up used for these PHIP–SAH hyperpolarization studies is still far from optimal, the attained polarization level is already sufficient to carry out in vitro metabolic studies.
Short‐term and long‐term effects of childhood cancer on income from employment and employment status: A national cohort study in Sweden
Authors: Lindahl Norberg Annika , Montgomery Scott M. , Bottai Matteo , Heyman Mats , Hovén Emma I. 
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUNDThere is insufficient knowledge regarding the economic impact of childhood cancer on parents. The objectives of the current study were to investigate the short‐term and long‐term effects of childhood cancer on mothers' and fathers' income from employment and employment status.METHODSThe study sample consisted of the parents of children diagnosed with cancer from 2004 to 2009 in Sweden (3626 parents of 1899 children). Annual register data concerning income from employment and employment status (employed/not employed) were retrieved from the Longitudinal Integration Database for Health Insurance and Labor Market Studies. Using generalized linear models, the mean income from employment and employment status were compared with a matched control cohort of 34,874 parents sampled from the general population.RESULTSParents' income was found to decrease significantly after the child's cancer diagnosis. The effect was most pronounced for mothers, whose income was reduced for 6 years after diagnosis, whereas fathers' income was similar to that of control fathers 3 years after the diagnosis. Mothers were more likely to stop working after a child's cancer diagnosis compared with controls. No association was found for fathers' employment status. Younger age of parents; lower level of education; and, among mothers, being born outside of Sweden were found to be associated with more adverse effects on income.CONCLUSIONSParents' income from employment and employment status appear to be adversely affected by having a child with cancer. Socioeconomic consequences are not distributed equally: the income of fathers appears to catch up after a few years, whereas mothers tend to be disadvantaged in their professional life for several years after a child's cancer diagnosis. Cancer 2017;123:1238–1248. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Distinguishing the Protonation State of the Histidine Ligand to the Oxidized Iron–Sulfur Cluster from the MitoNEET Family of Proteins
Authors: Koval Ashlyn M. , Jagger Benjamin R. , Wheeler Ralph A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe iron–sulfur cluster located in the recently discovered human mitoNEET protein (and related proteins) is structurally similar to the more well‐known ferredoxin and Rieske clusters. Although its biological function is uncertain, the iron–sulfur cluster in mitoNEET has been proposed to undergo proton‐coupled electron transfer involving the histidine ligand to the cluster. The cluster is also released from the protein at low pH. This contribution reports density functional calculations to model the structures, vibrations, and Heisenberg coupling constants (J) for high‐spin (HS), broken symmetry (BS) singlet, and extended broken symmetry (EBS) singlet states of the oxidized iron‐sulfur cluster from mitoNEET. This work suggests that J values or 15N isotopic frequency shifts may provide methods for determining experimentally whether the histidine ligand to the oxidized iron‐sulfur cluster in human mitoNEET and mitoNEET‐related proteins is protonated or deprotonated.
High‐resolution Raman Spectroscopy for the Nanostructural Characterization of Explosive Nanodiamond Precursors
Authors: Deckert‐Gaudig Tanja , Pichot Vincent , Spitzer Denis , Deckert Volker 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe specific attributes of nanodiamonds have attracted increasing interest for electronics or biomedical applications. An efficient synthetic route towards nanodiamonds is via detonation of hexolite (i.e. a mixture of TNT [2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene] and RDX [1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine]). In particular, detonation of hexolite crystallized by spray flash evaporation (SFE) yields extremely small diamonds (<4 nm). To unravel the detonation mechanism, a structural characterization of the explosives is required but is challenging due to their thermal instability. We demonstrate a combination of conventional Raman spectroscopy and tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) for resolving morphological and structural differences of differently prepared hexolite nanocomposites. The experiments allow for the first time a structural differentiation of individual TNT and RDX crystals and 15–20 nm sized core–shell structures, consequently providing a general approach to investigate the actual composition of mixtures on the nanometer scale.