bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonperturbative vacuum polarization effects in two-dimensional supercritical Dirac–Coulomb system II. Vacuum energy
Authors: Davydov A. , Sveshnikov K. , Voronina Yu. 
Published: January 2018

Nonperturbative vacuum polarization effects are explored for a supercritical Dirac–Coulomb system with [Formula: see text] in 2+1[Formula: see text]D, based on the original combination of analytical methods, computer algebra and numerical calculations, proposed recently in Refs. 1–3. Both the vacuum charge density [Formula: see text] and vacuum energy [Formula: see text] are considered. Due to a lot of details of calculation the whole work is divided into two parts I and II. Taking account of results, obtained in the part I4 for [Formula: see text], in the present part II, the evaluation of the vacuum energy [Formula: see text] is investigated with emphasis on the renormalization and convergence of the partial expansion for [Formula: see text]. It is shown that the renormalization via fermionic loop turns out to be the universal tool, which removes the divergence of the theory both in the purely perturbative and essentially nonperturbative regimes of the vacuum polarization. The main result of calculation is that for a wide range of the system parameters in the overcritical region [Formula: see text] turns out to be a rapidly decreasing function [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] being the size of the external Coulomb source. To the end the similarity in calculations of [Formula: see text] in 2+1 and 3+1[Formula: see text]D is discussed, and qualitative arguments are presented in favor of the possibility for complete screening of the classical electrostatic energy of the Coulomb source by the vacuum polarization effects for [Formula: see text] in 3+1[Formula: see text]D.
A new role for the exhaled nitric oxide as a functional marker of peripheral airway caliber changes: a theoretical study
Authors: Karamaoun Cyril , Haut Benoit , Van Muylem Alain 
Published: January 2018

Although considered as an inflammation marker, exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) was shown to be sensitive to airway caliber changes to such an extent that it might be considered as a marker of them. It is thus important to understand how these changes and their localization mechanically affect the total NO flux penetrating the airway lumen ( JawNO), and hence FENO, independently from any inflammatory status change. In this work, a new model was used. It simulates NO production, consumption, and diffusion inside the airway epithelium, NO excretion from the epithelial wall into the airway lumen and, finally, its axial transport by diffusion and convection in the airway lumen. This model may also consider the possible presence of a fluid layer coating the epithelial wall. Simulations were performed. They show the great sensitivity of JawNO to peripheral airway caliber changes. Moreover, FENO shows distinct behaviors, depending on the location of the caliber change. Considering a bronchodilation, absence of FENO change was associated with dilation of central airways, FENO increase with dilation down to pre-acinar small airways, and FENO decrease with intra-acinar dilation due to the amplification of the back diffusion flux. The presence of a fluid layer was also shown to play a significant role in FENO changes. Altogether, the present work theoretically supports that specific FENO changes in acute situations are linked to specifically located airway caliber changes in the lung periphery. This opens the way for a new role for FENO as a functional marker of peripheral airway caliber change.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using a new model of nitric oxide production and transport, allowing realistic simulation of airway caliber change, the present work theoretically supports that specific changes of the molar fraction of nitric oxide in the exhaled air, occurring without any change in the inflammatory status, are linked to specifically located airway caliber changes in the lung periphery. This opens the way for a new role for FENO as a functional marker of peripheral airway caliber change.
Adaptive Sliding Mode Control of PMLSM Drive
Authors: Yahiaoui Maamar , Kechich Abderrahmane , Bouserhane Ismail Khalil 
Published: January 2018

In this paper, we propose a study by software MATLAB/Simulink of the adaptive nonlinear controller of permanent magnet linear synchronous machine. The lumped uncertainties due for saturation magnetic and temperature and distribution load effects in performances of the system control. To resolve this problem the sliding mode controller is designed with estimator of load force by MRAS method the simulation results prove clearly the robustness of controlling law and estimator method.
Analysis, Design and Investigation on a New Single-Phase Switched Quasi Z-Source Inverter for Photovoltaic Application
Authors: Bharatiraja C. , Sanjeevikumar P. , Mahes Aganti , Saxena Ayushi , Padmapriya K. , Mithra B. K. , Swathimala AS , Raghu S. 
Published: January 2018

This paper addresses the approach to improve the efficiency of the quasi Z-source inverter. In order to increase the efficiency the reduction of conduction losses is one way to approach. Sequentially to decrease the conduction losses in the quasi z-source inverter the replacement of diode is replacing with switches is proposed which is also called as synchronous rectification. The paper represents basics of the approach, analysis and comparison of the power losses of the traditional and proposed designs of the grid connected PV-system with quasi z-source inverter system. The proposed approach validated on the computer simulations in the MATLAB environment.
Вплив інгібіторів ароматази третього покоління на окремі компоненти перебігу експериментального метаболічного синдрому
Authors: Zagayko A. L. , Lytkin D. V. , Maloshtan A. V. 
Published: January 2018

Introduction. Nowadays, about 86 % among patients with metabolic syndrome have serious disorder of glucose tolerance and about 60 % of them suffer from visceral obesity. Moreover in many worldwide studies it was shown that these pathogenetic manifestations of the metabolic syndrome had a significant correlation with the imbalance of sex hormones.The aim of the study – to learn the effect of third-generation aromatase inhibitors on the parameters of insulin resistance and visceral obesity in hamsters with the experimental metabolic syndrome.Research Methods. The insulin level in the hamster`s blood serum was measured by the enzyme immunoassay method, and the glucose level by the electrochemical method. The mass coefficients of anatomical fragments of adipose tissue were calculated to estimate visceral obesity. The results were processed by using the Mann-Whitney U-test and the 4Pl method.Results and Discussion. All studied drugs, in varying degrees, influenced on the pathogenetic components of the experimental metabolic syndrome. Exemestane was demonstrated the greatest effectiveness in reducing parameter of the insulin resistance by, butletrozole – in decreasing of visceral obesity ratio.Сonclusion. Romatase inhibitors can become promising drugs for correcting the pathogenetic components of the metabolic syndrome, in particular insulin resistance and visceral obesity.
Вміст фактора некрозу пухлин α і трансформуючого фактора росту β1 у сироватці крові хворих на гострий апендицит та абдомінальний туберкульоз
Authors: Akimova V. M. 
Published: January 2018

Introduction. Differential diagnosis of acute appendicitis with abdominal tuberculosis is аn urgent problem of medicine. Тhe immune system is involved іn the pathogenesis of diseases, and cytokines are the regulators of inflammation.The aim of the study – to determine the level of cytokines with the pro- and anti-inflammatory potential of TNFα and TGFβ1 and their correlation in the blood of patients with acute appendicitis and abdominal tuberculosis in order to improve diagnosis and treatment tactics. Research Methods. 51 patients with urgent abdominal pathology were examined, 21 of them with phlegmonous form of acute appendicitis, 30 patients with histologically confirmed diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis. The content of TNFα и ТGFβ1 in serum was examined by the ELISA method by the reagents “Diaclone” and “DRG Diagnostic”.Results and Discussion. The results of studies have shown that the development of acute and chronic inflammatory process in the abdominal cavity is determined by activation of the macrophage-monocytic system, manifested by a significant increase in the serum level of TNFα. It was established that in patients with abdominal tuberculosis on the background of increased serum level of TNFα ((17.57±1.05) vs. (4.97±0.18) pg/ml) the TGFβ1 level does not differ from the control ((16.52±1.15) vs. (17.94±0.71) ng/ml) at that time, as with acute appendicitis, its level decreased ((11.32±0.65) vs. (17.94±0.71) ng/ml). ТGFβ1/TNFα ratio during the abdominal inflammation was much lower than control, but in abdominal tuberculosis in 1.5 times higher than in acute appendicitis.Conclusions. The serum level and ratio of monocyte-macrofage derived TNFα and ТGFβ1 determines the type of inflammation and may be useful in differential diagnostic of acute appendicitis and abdominal tuberculosis.
FOXO3a (Forkhead Transcription Factor O Subfamily Member 3a) Links Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Apoptosis, Matrix Breakdown, Atherosclerosis, and Vascular Remodeling Through a Novel Pathway Involving MMP13 (Matrix Metalloproteinase 13)
Authors: Yu Haixiang , Fellows Adam , Foote Kirsty , Yang Zhaoqing , Figg Nichola , Littlewood Trevor , Bennett Martin 
Published: January 2018

Objective—
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) apoptosis accelerates atherosclerosis and promotes breakdown of the extracellular matrix, but the mechanistic links between these 2 processes are unknown. The forkhead protein FOXO3a (forkhead transcription factor O subfamily member 3a) is activated in human atherosclerosis and induces a range of proapoptotic and other transcriptional targets. We, therefore, determined the mechanisms and consequences of FOXO3a activation in atherosclerosis and arterial remodeling after injury.

Approach and Results—

Expression of a conditional FOXO3a allele (FOXO3aA3ER) potently induced VSMC apoptosis, expression and activation of MMP13 (matrix metalloproteinase 13), and downregulation of endogenous TIMPs (tissue inhibitors of MMPs).
mmp13
and
mmp2
were direct FOXO3a transcriptional targets in VSMCs. Activation of endogenous FOXO3a also induced MMP13, extracellular matrix degradation, and apoptosis, and MMP13-specific inhibitors and fibronectin reduced FOXO3a-mediated apoptosis. FOXO3a activation in mice with VSMC-restricted FOXO3aA3ER induced MMP13 expression and activity and medial VSMC apoptosis. FOXO3a activation in FOXO3aA3ER/ApoE
−/−
(apolipoprotein E deficient) mice increased atherosclerosis, increased necrotic core and reduced fibrous cap areas, and induced features of medial degeneration. After carotid artery ligation, FOXO3a activation increased VSMC apoptosis, VSMC proliferation, and neointima formation, all of which were reduced by MMP13 inhibition.

Conclusions—
FOXO3a activation induces VSMC apoptosis and extracellular matrix breakdown, in part, because of transcriptional activation of MMP13. FOXO3a activation promotes atherosclerosis and medial degeneration and increases neointima after injury that is partly dependent on MMP13. FOXO3a-induced MMP activation represents a direct mechanistic link between VSMC apoptosis and matrix breakdown in vascular disease.
Larval release rhythm of the land hermit crab Coenobita cavipes Stimpson, 1858 (Anomura, Coenobitidae) on Iriomote Island, Japan
Authors: Doi Wataru , Mizutani Akira , Kohno Hiroyoshi 
Published: January 2018

The larval release behaviour of Coenobita cavipes Stimpson, 1858 was studied on Iriomote Island, Japan between June and September 2012. The larval release was observed for several days before and after the new and full moons between July and August and showed semi-lunar rhythms. The larval release occurred 1-3 h after sunset and the peak time was almost 30 min earlier in August than in July. The time was not synchronised with nocturnal high tides in earlier and later days in each phase of syzygy. Emerging from residual lowland forests behind the coast, ovigerous females walked towards the river’s water edge and released larvae at the swash zone on the riverbank in the lower river. Therefore, they do not need to synchronise the larval release to coincide with the timing of high tide, unlike their congeneric nearest neighbour, C. violascens Heller, 1862, which releases larvae on the mangrove roots in the upper river.
Leksem 'apopleksja' w historii polszczyzny
Authors: Jankowiak Lucyna Agnieszka 
Published: January 2018

The lexeme apopleksja in the history of PolishApopleksja ‘apoplexy’ is a word of Latin origin which was used for the first time as a medical term probably in 1534 in a herbarium by Stefan Falimirz. Since then it has been continuously included in dictionaries. Over the period of its presence in Polish, it has been considered to be a medical term, which has been numerously evidenced in medical texts of various epochs and also by the fact that it was referenced in two medical lexicons which are important in the history of the Polish medical terminology: one of 1881, the other of 1905. However, these lexicons show that the term apopleksja had competition. Most probably, the lexeme apopleksja was used for the last time as a strictly medical term before the Second World War. Today it belongs to a group of archaisms in the medical terminology and has been replaced by the following terms: udar (udar mózgu, udar mózgowy) ‘stroke (brain stroke, cerebral stroke).’ Leksem apopleksja w historii polszczyznyApopleksja to wyraz pochodzenia łacińskiego użyty po raz pierwszy prawdopodobnie w 1534 r. w zielniku Stefana Falimirza w funkcji ówczesnego terminu medycznego. Od tego momentu do dziś jest nieprzerwanie notowany przez słowniki. W ciągu swej bytności w polszczyźnie traktowany jest jako termin medyczny, o czym świadczą jego liczne poświadczenia w tekstach medycznych różnych epok oraz fakt odnotowania go w dwóch ważnych dla historii polskiej terminologii medycznej leksykonach medycznych: z 1881 r. i z 1905 r. Jednak już w tych leksykonach widać, że termin apopleksja miał konkurencję. Prawdopodobnie leksem apopleksja ostatni raz został użyty jako termin ściśle medyczny przed drugą wojną światową. Dziś należy do grupy archaizmów w terminologii medycznej, a jego miejsce zajęły terminy: udar (udar mózgu, udar mózgowy).
Metal artifact reduction in CT, a phantom study: subjective and objective evaluation of four commercial metal artifact reduction algorithms when used on three different orthopedic metal implants
Authors: Bolstad Kirsten , Flatabø Silje , Aadnevik Daniel , Dalehaug Ingvild , Vetti Nils 
Published: January 2018

Background Metal implants may introduce severe artifacts in computed tomography (CT) images. Over the last few years dedicated algorithms have been developed in order to reduce metal artifacts in CT images. Purpose To investigate and compare metal artifact reduction algorithms (MARs) from four different CT vendors when imaging three different orthopedic metal implants. Material and Methods Three clinical metal implants were attached to the leg of an anthropomorphic phantom: cobalt-chrome; stainless steel; and titanium. Four commercial MARs were investigated: SmartMAR (GE); O-MAR (Philips); iMAR (Siemens); and SEMAR (Toshiba). The images were evaluated subjectively by three observers and analyzed objectively by calculating the fraction of pixels with CT number above 500 HU in a region of interest around the metal. The average CT number and image noise were also measured. Results Both subjective evaluation and objective analysis showed that MARs reduced metal artifacts and improved the image quality for CT images containing metal implants of steel and cobalt-chrome. When using MARs on titanium, all MARs introduced new visible artifacts. Conclusion The effect of MARs varied between CT vendors and different metal implants used in orthopedic surgery. Both in subjective evaluation and objective analysis the effect of applying MARs was most obvious on steel and cobalt-chrome implants when using SEMAR from Toshiba followed by SmartMAR from GE. However, MARs may also introduce new image artifacts especially when used on titanium implants. Therefore, it is important to reconstruct all CT images containing metal with and without MARs.
Sense of Coherence, Smoking Status, Biochemical Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Body Mass in Blue Collar Workers—Short Report
Authors: Najder Anna 
Published: January 2018

The crucial cause of cardiovascular disorders is atherosclerosis developed by abnormal cholesterols levels or disorders affecting blood glucose. One of the best-known cardiovascular risk factors is also tobacco smoking. Simultaneously, sense of coherence (SoC) as a personal resource motivating to managing one’s own health behaviors, such as avoiding tobacco smoking, was reported to be protective against coronary heart disease. Such association was observed in white-collar workers but not in blue-collar workers. According to the above, the present article aims to establish relationships between SoC, smoking behaviors, biochemical markers (BM): lipids and glucose levels and body mass index (BMI) in blue-collar workers. Sense of Coherence Questionnaire (SOC-29), fasting blood test, and BMI were used to assess such relationships. The study group consisted of 304 Polish males working 8-hr shifts in a 4-brigade rotating system. The analysis revealed that SoC level did not differ depending on smoking behavior. The analysis also showed no differences in BMI and BM depending on SoC. Concerning smoking status, the study group was divided into three subgroups which differed regarding triglycerides and glucose levels. The present findings considering SoC indicate that any psychological construct should not be studied separately because probably only some sets of different features may influence one’s behavior and BM as well.
Central line replacement following infection does not improve reinfection rates in pediatric pulmonary hypertension patients receiving intravenous prostanoid therapy
Authors: McCarthy Elisa K. , Ogawa Michelle T. , Hopper Rachel K. , Feinstein Jeffrey A. , Gans Hayley A. 
Published: January 2018

Treatment of pediatric pulmonary hypertension (PH) with IV prostanoids has greatly improved outcomes but requires a central line, posing inherent infection risk. This study examines the types of infections, infection rates, and importantly the effect of line management strategies on reinfection in children receiving IV prostanoids for PH. This study is a retrospective review of all pediatric PH patients receiving intravenous epoprostenol (EPO) or treprostinil (TRE) at one academic tertiary care center between 2000 and 2014. No patients declined participation in the study or were otherwise excluded. Infectious complications were characterized by organism(s), infection rates, time to next infection, and line management decisions (salvage vs. replace). Of the 40 patients followed, 13 sustained 38 infections involving 49 pathogens, with a predominance of gram‐positive (GP) organisms (n = 35). The pooled infection rate was 1.06 per 1000 prostanoid days with no difference between EPO and TRE. No significant difference in reinfection rate was observed when comparing line salvage to replacement, regardless of organism type. Both overall and organism‐type comparisons suggest longer time between line infections following line salvage compared with line replacement (732 vs. 410 days overall; 793 vs. 363 days for GP; 611 vs. 581 days for gram‐negative [GN]; P > 0.05 for all comparisons). Central line replacement following blood stream infections in pediatric PH patients does not improve subsequent infection rates or time to next infection, and may lead to unnecessary risks associated with line replacement, including potential loss of vascular access. A revised approach to central line infections in pediatric PH is proposed.
Network meta-analysis: a useful tool for comparing different psychological treatments for panic disorder?
Authors: Smith Katharine 
Published: January 2018

SUMMARYNetwork meta-analysis (NMA) is a statistical method that allows comparison of multiple treatments against each other. The use of NMA, and its advantages and potential limitations, is discussed here in the context of this issue's Cochrane review of psychological treatments for panic disorder. The review showed benefits for psychological treatment when compared to a waiting list, particularly for cognitive behavioural therapy in both the short and longer term. The findings were limited by the primary studies available, but despite these, this analysis using NMA presents the best evidence to date of the relative benefits of different types of psychological treatments in panic disorder.DECLARATION OF INTERESTNone.
The Diagnosis of Insanity
Authors: Bucknill John Charles 
Published: January 2018

The Diagnosis of Mania — Melancholia — Monomania — Moral Insanity—General Paralysis—Feigned Insanity —Concealed InsanityMania is the term applied to that large class of mental disorders in which the functions are in a state of excitement, and their mutual dependence and proportion disturbed. It embraces forms of disease so widely apart from each other, that in treating practically of its diagnosis it will be essential to make some classification. For practical purposes it will be sufficient to distinguish its forms into those of acute mania, comprising cases which present recent and active symptoms; chronic mania, in which acute symptoms have given way to others of a more tranquil and permanent kind; and incomplete mania, corresponding to the “mania raisonante” of the French, and embracing those anomalous and undeveloped forms of mental disorder in which defective power of volition and morbid propensities are prominent symptoms.
Complications Associated With Mortality in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Database
Authors: Freundlich Robert E. , Maile Michael D. , Sferra Joseph J. , Jewell Elizabeth S. , Kheterpal Sachin , Engoren Milo 
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND:
Attributing causes of postoperative mortality is challenging, as death may be multifactorial. A better understanding of complications that occur in patients who die is important, as it allows clinicians to focus on the most impactful complications. We sought to determine the postoperative complications with the strongest independent association with 30-day mortality.

METHODS:
Data were obtained from the 2012–2013 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Participant Use Data Files. All inpatient or admit day of surgery cases were eligible for inclusion in this study. A multivariable least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis was used to adjust for patient pre- and intraoperative risk factors for mortality. Attributable mortality was calculated using the population attributable fraction method: the ratio between the odds ratio for mortality and a given complication in the population. Patients were separated into 10 age groups to facilitate analysis of age-related differences in mortality.

RESULTS:
A total of 1,195,825 patients were analyzed, and 9255 deceased within 30 days (0.77%). A complication independently associated with attributable mortality was found in 1887 cases (20%). The most common causes of attributable mortality (attributable deaths per million patients) were bleeding (n = 368), respiratory failure (n = 358), septic shock (n = 170), and renal failure (n = 88). Some complications, such as urinary tract infection and pneumonia, were associated with attributable mortality only in older patients.

DISCUSSION:
Additional resources should be focused on complications associated with the largest attributable mortality, such as respiratory failure and infections. This is particularly important for complications disproportionately impacting younger patients, given their longer life expectancy.