bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ABC model: a non-hydrostatic toy model for use in convective-scale data assimilation investigations
Authors: Petrie Ruth Elizabeth , Bannister Ross Noel , Cullen Michael John Priestley 
Published: December 2017

Abstract. In developing methods for convective-scale data assimilation (DA), it is necessary to consider the full range of motions governed by the compressible Navier–Stokes equations (including non-hydrostatic and ageostrophic flow). These equations describe motion on a wide range of timescales with non-linear coupling. For the purpose of developing new DA techniques that suit the convective-scale problem, it is helpful to use so-called toy models that are easy to run and contain the same types of motion as the full equation set. Such a model needs to permit hydrostatic and geostrophic balance at large scales but allow imbalance at small scales, and in particular, it needs to exhibit intermittent convection-like behaviour. Existing toy models are not always sufficient for investigating these issues. A simplified system of intermediate complexity derived from the Euler equations is presented, which supports dispersive gravity and acoustic modes. In this system, the separation of timescales can be greatly reduced by changing the physical parameters. Unlike in existing toy models, this allows the acoustic modes to be treated explicitly and hence inexpensively. In addition, the non-linear coupling induced by the equation of state is simplified. This means that the gravity and acoustic modes are less coupled than in conventional models. A vertical slice formulation is used which contains only dry dynamics. The model is shown to give physically reasonable results, and convective behaviour is generated by localised compressible effects. This model provides an affordable and flexible framework within which some of the complex issues of convective-scale DA can later be investigated. The model is called the ABC model after the three tunable parameters introduced: A (the pure gravity wave frequency), B (the modulation of the divergent term in the continuity equation), and C (defining the compressibility).
Centuries of intense surface melt on Larsen C Ice Shelf
Authors: Bevan Suzanne L. , Luckman Adrian , Hubbard Bryn , Kulessa Bernd , Ashmore David , Kuipers Munneke Peter , O'Leary Martin , Booth Adam , Sevestre Heidi , McGrath Daniel 
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Following a southward progression of ice-shelf disintegration along the Antarctic Peninsula (AP), Larsen C Ice Shelf (LCIS) has become the focus of ongoing investigation regarding its future stability. The ice shelf experiences surface melt and commonly features surface meltwater ponds. Here, we use a flow-line model and a firn density model (FDM) to date and interpret observations of melt-affected ice layers found within five 90 m boreholes distributed across the ice shelf. We find that units of ice within the boreholes, which have densities exceeding those expected under normal dry compaction metamorphism, correspond to two climatic warm periods within the last 300 years on the Antarctic Peninsula. The more recent warm period, from the 1960s onwards, has generated distinct sections of dense ice measured in two boreholes in Cabinet Inlet, which is close to the Antarctic Peninsula mountains – a region affected by föhn winds. Previous work has classified these layers as refrozen pond ice, requiring large quantities of mobile liquid water to form. Our flow-line model shows that, whilst preconditioning of the snow began in the late 1960s, it was probably not until the early 1990s that the modern period of ponding began. The earlier warm period occurred during the 18th century and resulted in two additional sections of anomalously dense ice deep within the boreholes. The first, at 61 m in one of our Cabinet Inlet boreholes, consists of ice characteristic of refrozen ponds and must have formed in an area currently featuring ponding. The second, at 69 m in a mid-shelf borehole, formed at the same time on the edge of the pond area. Further south, the boreholes sample ice that is of an equivalent age but which does not exhibit the same degree of melt influence. This west–east and north–south gradient in the past melt distribution resembles current spatial patterns of surface melt intensity.
Cu(II) Ions Adsorption Using Activated Carbon Prepared from Pithecellobium Jiringa (Jengkol) Shells With Ultrasonic Assistance: Isotherm, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies
Authors: Muslim Abrar , Ellysa Ellysa , Said Syahiddin Dahlan 
Published: December 2017

Adsorption of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution onto activated carbon (AC) prepared from Pithecellobium jiringa shell (PJS) waste was investigated by conducting batch mode adsorption experiments. The activation with ultrasound assistance removed almost all functional groups in the PJS-AC, while more cavities and pores on the PJS-AC were formed, which was confirmed by FTIR and SEM analyses. The Cu(II) ion adsorption isotherm fitted best to the Freundlich model with average R2 at 0.941. It was also correlated to the Langmuir isotherm with average R2 at 0.889. This indicates that physical sorption took place more than chemical sorption. The maximum Cu(II) ion adsorption capacity onto the PJS-AC for a dose of 1 g was 104.167 mg/g at 30 °C and pH 4.5, where the Langmuir constant was 0.523 L/mg, the Freundlich adsorption intensity was 0.523, and the Freundlich constant was 5.212 L/mg. Cu(II) adsorption followed the pseudo second-order kinetic (PSOKE) model with average R2 at 0.998, maximum adsorption capacity at 96.154 mg/g, PSOKE adsorption rate constant at 0.200 g/mg.min, temperature at 30 °C and pH at 4.5. The changes in enthalpy, entropy, free energy and activation energy were determined, and the results confirmed that Cu(II) adsorption onto the PJS-AC was exothermic chemical adsorption in part. There was a decrease in the degree of freedom and the adsorption was non-spontaneous.
Undeclared Food Allergens and Gluten in Commercial Food Products Analyzed by ELISA
Authors: Do Andrew B , Khuda Sefat E , Sharma Girdhari M 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Undeclared allergen(s) in commercial food products are responsible for many food recalls, as reported by regulatory agencies in various countries, including the United States. Correct allergen labeling practices are essential for the safety of food-allergic consumers. However, this practice may be hindered by the introduction of allergens all along the food supply chain, including unintentionally through cross-contact. To understand the pervasiveness of undeclared allergen(s) in commercial food products, the objective of this review is to summarize the prevalence of undeclared milk, egg, hazelnut, peanut, soy, and gluten as detected by ELISA from previously published surveys. The prevalence of undeclared allergen(s) in products with or without an advisory statement was also summarized and compared. As compiled by this review, there are some food categories that may be at higher risk for containing undeclared allergen(s). However, the data on prevalence and amount of allergen present may vary widely within any particular allergen or food category. Factors, such as food survey product selection, geography, awareness of allergen/gluten issues, and/or the choice of ELISA method, may be responsible for such differences.
European Regulations for Labeling Requirements for Food Allergens and Substances Causing Intolerances: History and Future
Authors: Koeberl Martina , Clarke Dean , Allen Katrina J , Fleming Fiona , Katzer Lisa , Lee N Alice , Lopata Andreas L , Said Maria , Scheelings Pieter , Shepherd Neil , Sherlock Robin , Roberts James 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Food allergies are increasing globally, including numbers of allergens, the sensitization rate, and the prevalence rate. To protect food-allergic individuals in the community, food allergies need to be appropriately managed. This paper describes current Australian food allergen management practices. In Australia, the prevalence of food allergies, the anaphylaxis rate, and the fatal anaphylaxis rate are among the highest in the world. Interagency and stakeholder collaboration is facilitated and enhanced as Australia moves through past, current, and ongoing food allergen challenges. As a result, Australia has been a global leader in regulating the labeling of common allergens in packaged foods and their disclosure in foods not required to bear a label. Moreover, the food industry in Australia and New Zealand has developed a unique food allergen risk management tool, the Voluntary Incidental Trace Allergen Labelling program, which is managed by the Allergen Bureau. This paper summarizes insights and information provided by the major stakeholders involved to protect food-allergic consumers from any allergic reaction. Stakeholders include government; consumer protection, regulation, and enforcement agencies; the food industry; and food allergen testing and food allergen/allergy research bodies in Australia. The ongoing goal of all stakeholders in food allergen management in Australia is to promote best practice food allergen management procedures and provide a wide choice of foods, while enabling allergic consumers to manage their food allergies and reduce the risk of an allergic reaction.
The Allergen Bureau VITAL Program
Authors: Taylor Simon Brooke , Christensen Georgina , Grinter Kirsten , Sherlock Robin , Warren Lisa 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This paper sets out the role of the Allergen Bureau and the Voluntary Incidental Trace Allergen Labelling (VITAL) Program from its origin in 2007 to its current iteration, VITAL 2. Herewith are outlined the scientific principles that support the program; the program’s application in the food chain; and the benefits of the program’s use to the food industry, clinicians, and the allergic consumer. VITAL was developed by the Australian and New Zealand food industry in consultation with multiple stakeholders, including consumer organizations, industry bodies, regulators, and retailers, to provide a standardized, science-based risk assessment process for the investigation of the potential presence of food allergens due to cross-contact and to determine whether, for cases in which the allergen is unable to be removed or controlled consistently, precautionary statements are required. The aim of the program is to provide a consistent process, a standardized approach, and a relevant cross-contact statement to allow the allergic consumer to make an informed decision regarding consumption of food.
Target Selection Strategies for LC-MS/MS Food Allergen Methods
Authors: Downs Melanie L , Johnson Philip 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The detection and quantitation of allergens as contaminants in foods using MS is challenging largely due to the requirement to detect proteins in complex, mixed, and often processed matrixes. Such methods necessarily rely on the use of proteotypic peptides as indicators of the presence and amount of allergenic foods. These peptides should represent the allergenic food in question in such a way that their use is both sensitive (no false-negatives) and specific (no false-positives). Choosing such peptides to represent food allergens is beset with issues, including, but not limited to, separated ingredients (e.g., casein and whey), extraction difficulties (particularly from thermally processed foods), and incomplete sequence information, as well as the more common issues associated with protein quantitation in biological samples. Here, we review the workflows that have been used to select peptide targets for food allergen detection. We describe the use and limitations of both in silico-based analyses and experimental methods relying on high-resolution MS. The variation in the way in which target selection is performed highlights a lack of standardization, even around the principles describing what the detection method should achieve. A lack of focus on the food matrixes to which the method will be applied is also apparent during the peptide target selection process. It is hoped that highlighting some of these issues will assist in the generation of MS-based allergen detection methods that will encourage uptake and use by the analytical community at large.
Arquitectura y urbanismo de la simulación de Tijuana
Authors: Méndez Sáinz Eloy 
Published: December 2017

En la solución arquitectónica de la realidad predomina la tendencia a presentarla
como imágenes y con ello como simulacro. Para mostrarlo presento la “lectura” de un edificio
ordinario en el paisaje urbano de Tijuana, un hotel de paso. El recorrido del lugar da cuenta de
los detalles constructivos de un hecho social asumido a la manera de espectáculo, donde los
actores involucrados comparten los supuestos de la representación. El caso es un botón de
muestra del tejido urbano fronterizo que ofrece al turista y en general al visitante objetos
recurrentes de “lo mexicano” encapsulado sobre pedido. Obedece también a la clasificación
genérica y maniquea de los espacios del bien y del mal, cuyos referentes respectivos son las
ciudades gemelas ubicadas al Norte y Sur de la Línea Internacional. Termino con la versión
reciente de la fórmula que pretende consagrar el espacio bueno: el vecindario defensivo.
Nowadays, in the architectural solution of reality prevails the tendency to portray it using images, and thus as sham architecture. In order to show this tendency I present an interpretation of a conventional building representative of Tijuana’s landscape: a motel. The tour of the site gives an account of the construction details of a social assumption in the manner of spectacle where actors share the assumptions of representation. The case is a just a sample of the urban fabric border that offers tourists and visitors in general recurrent objects of "Mexican" aspects encapsulated on request. This representation obeys also to the generic classification and Manichean of spaces of good and evil, which have parallel in the twin cities located north and south of the international border [Tijuana & San Diego]. The paper finalizes with the recent version of the formula that seeks to devote the “good” spaces: the gated communities.
En la solució arquitectònica de la realitat predomina la tendència a presentar-la com imatges i, amb això, com un simulacre. Per mostrar-lo presento la “lectura” d’un edifici ordinari en el paisatge urbà de Tijuana, un hotel de pas. El recorregut del lloc proporciona els detalls constructius d’un fet social assumit de forma d’espectacle, on els actors involucrats comparteixen els suposats de la representació. El cas és un botó de mostra del teixit urbà fronterer que ofereix al turista i, en general, al visitant, objectes referents a lo mexicano encapsulat sobre comanda. Obeeix també a la classificació genèrica i maniquea dels espais del bé i del mal, els respectius referents dels quals són les ciutats bessones ubicades al Nord i al Sud de la Línia Internacional. Finalitzo amb la versió recent de la fórmula que pretén consagrar l’espai bo: el veïnat defensiu.
Altérités liminales. À propos de quelques usages contemporains de plantes psychotropes
Authors: Ghasarian Christian 
Published: December 2017

Cet article traite des représentations, discours et pratiques liés à quelques plantes psychotropes initialement employées dans les contextes shamaniques à travers le monde et désormais réappropriées dans le cadre d’une quête de soi. Après un bref retour sur les circonstances socioculturelles et les raisons individuelles de ces investissements dans les sociétés postindustrielles (reconnexion avec la nature, travail sur soi, développement personnel, recherche d’expériences fortes, rapport valorisé à l’inconnu, etc.), il présente un courant particulier dans l’offre des spiritualités alternatives contemporaines : l’approche néo-shamanique, avec ses modèles d’action inspirés des shamanismes, mais reformulés pour un public qui n’en possède pas le sens commun. La description de situations concrètes de ces prises de plantes psychotropes, illégales dans la plupart des pays, est suivie par celle des expériences vécues par les personnes les ingurgitant sous forme de breuvage. Bien qu’elles puissent parfois être pénibles, voire effrayantes psychologiquement ou physiquement, les expériences en jeu, liminales, dans un entre-deux de la conscience, sont fortes et quasiment toujours rétrospectivement envisagées comme « enseignantes » et transformatrices par les personnes impliquées. La notion de « travail » introspectif, systématiquement mobilisée et l’impact que ces expériences peuvent avoir dans leur existence distinguent ainsi ces substances psychotropes de l’usage ludique de celles communément classées dans la catégorie des drogues.
Penser et percevoir autrement les personnes qui font usage de drogues par injection
Authors: Poliquin Hélène 
Published: December 2017

Cet article propose une réflexion sur les caractéristiques des personnes qui font usage de drogues par injection (UDI) pouvant mener à un élargissement de la réponse sociale qui ira au-delà des interventions biomédicales ciblant des personnes « à risques ». Ainsi, le potentiel mobilisateur et les limites de la prise en compte des personnes UDI par d’autres caractéristiques sociales seront exposés. Il s’agit de la personne vue comme étant « vulnérable », « souffrante », « victime de discrimination et d’iniquités sociales » et enfin « en devenir ». Il sera exposé que la réponse aux « problèmes » sociaux des personnes UDI dépendra de notre aptitude, en tant que société, à repenser les actions autrement que par une approche sanitaire reposant massivement sur la prévention des risques biologiques et des maladies. Plus particulièrement, la prise en compte de l’individu comme un être en devenir, avec des projets qui lui sont propres, est capital pour se déprendre des pensées institutionnelles réductrices et pour humaniser la réponse sociale. Il est notamment nécessaire, dans une société qui se veut solidaire, juste et équitable, de voir à créer les conditions sociales essentielles. Il s’agit de créer des espaces de réduction des méfaits et de soin et de rendre accessibles diverses sources d’aide dont l’insertion sociale par l’emploi et le logement, des lieux d’écoute et des mécanismes de reconnaissance des forces et des aspirations singulières de ces personnes, sans tomber dans le piège des formules d’interventions toutes faites, des préjugés ou des stéréotypes.
Lower Crustal Strength Controls on Melting and Serpentinization at Magma‐Poor Margins: Potential Implications for the South Atlantic
Authors: Ros Elena , Pérez‐Gussinyé Marta , Araújo Mario , Thoaldo Romeiro Marco , Andrés‐Martínez Miguel , Morgan Jason P. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRifted continental margins may present a predominantly magmatic continent‐ocean transition (COT), or one characterized by large exposures of serpentinized mantle. In this study we use numerical modeling to show the importance of the lower crustal strength in controlling the amount and onset of melting and serpentinization during rifting. We propose that the relative timing between both events controls the nature of the COT. Numerical experiments for half‐extension velocities <=10 mm/yr suggest there is a genetic link between margin tectonic style and COT nature that strongly depends on the lower crustal strength. Our results imply that very slow extension velocities (< 5 mm/yr) and a strong lower crust lead to margins characterized by large oceanward dipping faults, strong syn‐rift subsidence and abrupt crustal tapering beneath the continental shelf. These margins can be either narrow symmetric or asymmetric and present a COT with exhumed serpentinized mantle underlain by some magmatic products. In contrast, a weak lower crust promotes margins with a gentle crustal tapering, small faults dipping both ocean‐ and landward and small syn‐rift subsidence. Their COT is predominantly magmatic at any ultra‐slow extension velocity and perhaps underlain by some serpentinized mantle. These margins can also be either symmetric or asymmetric. Our models predict that magmatic underplating mostly underlies the wide margin at weak asymmetric conjugates, whereas the wide margin is mainly underlain by serpentinized mantle at strong asymmetric margins. Based on this conceptual template, we propose different natures for the COTs in the South Atlantic.
Observation‐Based Trends of the Southern Ocean Carbon Sink
Authors: Ritter R. , Landschützer P. , Gruber N. , Fay A. R. , Iida Y. , Jones S. , Nakaoka S. , Park G.‐H. , Peylin P. , Rödenbeck C. , Rodgers K. B. , Shutler J. D. , Zeng J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe Southern Ocean (SO) carbon sink has strengthened substantially since the year 2000, following a decade of a weakening trend. However, the surface ocean pCO2 data underlying this trend reversal are sparse, requiring a substantial amount of extrapolation to map the data. Here we use nine different pCO2 mapping products to investigate the SO trends and their sensitivity to the mapping procedure. We find a robust temporal coherence for the entire SO, with eight of the nine products agreeing on the sign of the decadal trends, that is, a weakening CO2 sink trend in the 1990s (on average 0.22 ± 0.24 Pg C yr−1 decade−1), and a strengthening sink trend during the 2000s (−0.35 ± 0.23 Pg C yr−1 decade−1). Spatially, the multiproduct mean reveals rather uniform trends, but the confidence is limited, given the small number of statistically significant trends from the individual products, particularly during the data‐sparse 1990–1999 period.
Controls of Multimodal Wave Conditions in a Complex Coastal Setting
Authors: Hegermiller C. A. , Rueda A. , Erikson L. H. , Barnard P. L. , Antolinez J. A. A. , Mendez F. J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCoastal hazards emerge from the combined effect of wave conditions and sea level anomalies associated with storms or low‐frequency atmosphere‐ocean oscillations. Rigorous characterization of wave climate is limited by the availability of spectral wave observations, the computational cost of dynamical simulations, and the ability to link wave‐generating atmospheric patterns with coastal conditions. We present a hybrid statistical‐dynamical approach to simulating nearshore wave climate in complex coastal settings, demonstrated in the Southern California Bight, where waves arriving from distant, disparate locations are refracted over complex bathymetry and shadowed by offshore islands. Contributions of wave families and large‐scale atmospheric drivers to nearshore wave energy flux are analyzed. Results highlight the variability of influences controlling wave conditions along neighboring coastlines. The universal method demonstrated here can be applied to complex coastal settings worldwide, facilitating analysis of the effects of climate change on nearshore wave climate.
Significant Weakening of Brewer‐Dobson Circulation Trends Over the 21st Century as a Consequence of the Montreal Protocol
Authors: Polvani Lorenzo M. , Abalos Marta , Garcia Rolando , Kinnison Doug , Randel William J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIt is well established that increasing greenhouse gases, notably CO2, will cause an acceleration of the stratospheric Brewer‐Dobson circulation (BDC) by the end of this century. We here present compelling new evidence that ozone depleting substances are also key drivers of BDC trends. We do so by analyzing and contrasting small ensembles of “single‐forcing” integrations with a stratosphere resolving atmospheric model with interactive chemistry, coupled to fully interactive ocean, land, and sea ice components. First, confirming previous work, we show that increasing concentrations of ozone depleting substances have contributed a large fraction of the BDC trends in the late twentieth century. Second, we show that the phasing out of ozone depleting substances in coming decades—as a consequence of the Montreal Protocol—will cause a considerable reduction in BDC trends until the ozone hole is completely healed, toward the end of the 21st century.