bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PRE-PARTICIPATION CARDIOVASCULAR SCREENING OF ELITE GEORGIAN ADOLESCENT ATHLETES: CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE AND OUTCOMES
Authors: Maskhulia Lela , Akhalkatsi Valeri , Chelidze Kakhaber , Kakhabrishvili Zurab , Matiashvili Marina , Chutkerashvili Tamar , Gogelia Ana 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundA variety of cardiovascular abnormalities have been found to be responsible for sudden cardiac death(SCD) in competitive athletes. The lesions responsible for athletic field deaths differ with regard to age and vast majority of SCD occur in athletes aged <18 yrs. Appropriate pre-participation screening (PPS) of young competitive athletes can reduce their risk for SCD.ObjectiveTo analyse cardiovascular findings obtained in the pre-participation screening of elite Georgian adolescent athletes.DesignObservational follow-up study.SettingSports Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinical Centre.Patients227 asymptomatic elite adolescent athletes (83% males), age 15,4±1,6 years, representatives of national teams of 9 sporting disciplines.InterventionsThe participants underwent cardiovascular(CV) evaluation with medical history, physical examination, 12-lead resting and exercise ECG, and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in 2013–2015.Main Outcome MeasurementsThe participants were followed prospectively until July 2015 with respect to clinically significant cardiovascular abnormalities, and until July 2016 with respect to safe return to sport.ResultsResting ECG revealed common/training–related ECG alterations in 70 (31%) athletes, as well as uncommon/training-unrelated changes in 5 (2,2%). TTE revealed mitral valve prolapse in 8(3,5%) athletes, bicuspid aortic valve in 1(0,4%), and signs consistent with anomalous origin of left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery(ALCAPA) in 1 (0,4%) athlete. Stress test revealed decreased exercise tolerance and negative T-waves in V4-V6 in this athlete. Athlete was directed to further CV investigation and CT angiography led to the diagnosis of ALCAPA. Coronary artery bypass grafting was performed. After treatment athlete underwent cardiac rehabilitation program and risk-stratification before entering sports activity. As subendocardial ischemic pattern still existed, the athlete was advised against current participation in competitive sports. Follow-up over a longer period has been planned.ConclusionsPPS is significant tool to identify adolescent athletes at risk for exercise-induced SCD. As coronary anomalies are among the common reasons for SCD in young athletes, timely identification and appropriate clinical management, including considerations regarding safe return to sport are necessary.
INJURY RISK AMONG FEMALE SOCCER PLAYERS IN ZIMBABWE
Authors: Matiya Risk 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundWomen soccer is proving to be popular the world over and in African countries as well. However in spite of its popularity there is always the attendant high risk of injury. The risk of injury is associated with many factors which include personality factors and coping skills.ObjectiveThe purpose of the current study is to explore the relationship between personality traits, coping skills and risk of injury.DesignThe study was a retrospective cross sectional survey.SettingThe study was carried out in Zimbabwe among women soccer players belonging to the elite division of the premier league.Patients (or Participants)All the participants were female soccer players whose age ranges were 18 through 35.200 participants were selected based on stratified random sampling from the national football association register.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)Four questionnaires were administered among 200 female soccer players in the current competitive season. The four questionnaires included the personality inventory questionnaire, B-COPE and the athletic injury questionnaire.Main Outcome MeasurementsA descriptive and inferential analysis was conducted examining the influence of personality traits and coping skills on injury frequency and severity.ResultsDescriptive and inferential analysis indicated that personality and coping skills were significant predictors of sporting injury among female soccer players, accounting for 30% of the variance.ConclusionsThe findings highlight the need to enhance prevention of athletes injuries by identifying athletes who are injury prone given their personality traits and coping styles. Athletes, coaches and sports medicine practitioners need to identify the role of stress, coping skills and personality in sport injuries, especially those relating to women's soccer.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF INJURIES IN POLE SPORTS: EMERGING CHALLENGES IN A NEW TREND
Authors: Mitrousias Vasileios , Halatsis Georgios , Bampis Ioannis , Koutalos Antonios , Psareas Georgios , Sakkas Athanasios 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundPole sports, such as pole dancing, are recently gaining popularity as a form of fitness, combining dance and acrobatics. Many new, recreational athletes are joining pole sports every year. According to the international pole sports federation, this emerging new sport is so popular that it could be a future olympic sport.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to describe the epidemiology of injuries in recreational athletes of pole sports, who were referred to the emergency demartment of our hospital.DesignThis a retrospective, case-series study based on hospital records, collected between December 2015 and July 2016.SettingThe study took place in the department of orthopaedic surgery, of the general hospital of karditsa, a provincial hospital in central Greece.Patients (or Participants)The study included all recreational athletes who were presented to our emergency department, due to injuries occured while performing pole dancing. 34 patients were finally included.Main Outcome MeasurementsThe primary study outcome is the epidemiology of injuries in pole sports.ResultsOverall, 29.4% of patients suffered from low back and hip, strains and contusions, 20.6% suffered from knee sprains and contusions, 17.7% suffered from wrist sprains, 14.7% suffered from ankle sprains, 5.9% suffered from neck (cervical spine) strains, 5.9% suffered from concussion, 1 patient (2.9%) presented with a sizable disc herniation and 1 patient (2.9%) presented with a fracture of the fifth metatarsal bone.ConclusionsAs pole sposts become more and more popular every year, injuries occuring during performance of this demanding activity are increasing. Sprains, strains, and contusions are the most frequent but more severe injuries such as concussions and fractures are also present due to falls from the pole. Studies with bigger samples are required in order to define the epidemiology of injuries in this new, emerging sport.
BACK PAIN RISK FACTORS IN ADOLESCENT ATHLETES: SUITABILITY OF A BIOMECHANICAL SCREENING TOOL?
Authors: Mueller Steffen , Mueller Juliane , Stoll Josefine , Engel Tilman , Mayer Frank 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundBack pain (BP) is already a relevant injury site in adolescent athletes. A valid screening is essential for BP prevention.ObjectiveTo investigate whether a biomechanical screening tool (BST) is suitable to predict BP in adolescent athletes.DesignLongitudinal analysis with 1.9±1.0 yrs between both measurement days.SettingMedical center of the German Olympic Sports Federation.BST was implemented in the annual (pre-participation) examination of elite athletes.Patients (or Participants)343 athletes (195 males/148 females, 13±1 yrs, 164±12 cm, 53±13 kg, 5±3 training years, 8±6 training hours per week) out of 20 sport disciplines were included in the study.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)Subjective BP was assessed using a faces-pain-scale (FPS 1–5: 1=no pain; 2–5=slight- to maximum pain). In addition, postural control (one-legged stance), jumping performance (counter movement/drop jump), and maximum isokinetic trunk extension/flexion strength (60°/sec) was assessed for all athletes.Main Outcome MeasurementsAthletes were classified into 4 groups with respect to the course of back pain [(A) no BP (n=206); (B) BP-developers (n=34); (C) persisting BP (n=71); (D) diminishing BP (n=32)]. Outcomes included center of pressure displacement COP [mm], jump height [cm], peak jumping force [N], contact time [ms] and peak torque for trunk extension/flexion [Nm]. Descriptive analysis was followed by two-way ANOVA (repeated measures; α=0.05).ResultsOverall, the athletes enhanced trunk strength, jump performance and postural control across the evaluation period. Pain free athletes (A) showed statistically significant higher trunk strength gains (extension/flexion: +45/+37%) compared to athletes developing BP (B: +20/+9%; p<0.05). No differences were observed for jump performance and postural control (p>0.05).ConclusionsAnalysing biomechanical variables is valid to identify significantly impaired trunk strength development in athletes with BP incidence. In contrast, jump performance and postural control are of minor relevance. Therefore, poor trunk strength development could serve as back pain risk factor in athletes. Trunk strength training interventions should be recommended.
DEVELOPMENT OF A SKIN CANCER PREVENTION PROGRAMM FOR OUTDOOR ATHLETS
Authors: Nachtigall Nina 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundMelanoma and non- melanoma skin cancer show the highest increase of any form of cancer during the last 20 years.ObjectiveWe wanted to know if we could find an increased rate of skin cancer precursors (actinic keratosis) in outdoor sportsmen.Design Setting and Patients900 patients with actinic keratosis (age 35–75) were investigated in their outdoor sport behaviour. Corresponding to the sport ( where, when, how long) we calculated the cumulative dose of sun with “UV Index hours”. The kind of tumor and tumor precursors were counted and the skin damage characterized with a confocal laser microscope. A healthy aged group was used for statistical analysis.Results27 different outdoor sports were found in our groups of patients. Watersport and skiing are known for a higher sun exposure, but only a few patients without statistical significance to the control collective were detected. But, in contrast, we found a 8.5 fold increased risk of skin cancer among golfers.ConclusionsWe were able to give another hint for the relation of skin cancer development and the higher increase in outdoor sportsmen. From these data we developed in the UIPM for the athletes a "skin tumor prevention program". With this program the individual risk and the individual damage is analysed based on the cumulative UV-Dose of training and competition. Athletes, trainers and officials should be more sensitized in skin cancer prevention.
ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT INJURY: IDENTIFYING INFORMATION SOURCES AND LEVEL OF RISK FACTOR RECOGNITION AMONG THE GENERAL PUBLIC
Authors: Nagano Yasuharu , Hiroko Yako-Suketomo , Hiroaki Natsui 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundTo prevent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, knowledge regarding risk factors and prevention methods must be disseminated to the public. However, it is unclear how the general population obtains information about or recognizes risk factors for ACL injuries.ObjectiveTo identify the information sources and risk factor recognition level for ACL injury among the general public.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingWeb-based survey.Patients (or Participants)900 people who recognized “ACL injury”. The age and sex of participants were evenly distributed.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)Participants answered questions regarding their information sources and risk factors influencing ACL injury.Main Outcome MeasurementsDescriptive analyses of patient responses were performed, with each response characterized by percentage of participants and the 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsAs an information source, “television” was the most frequent (57.0% [53.8–60.2]). Other information sources were “injury of friends” (22.4% [19.7–25.2]), “coach” (16.6％ [14.1–19.0]), “internet” (16.3% [13.9–18.7]) and “newspaper” (9.3% [7.4–11.2]). Regarding risk factors of ACL injuries, the most frequent response was “increased weight” (80.3% [77.7–82.9]). “Knee valgus” and “knee varus” during landing were both considered risk factors (63.3% [60.2–66.5] and 62.9% [59.7–66.0], respectively). Additionally, decreased muscle strength of quadriceps and hamstrings were both recognized as risk factors (69.2% [66.2–72.2] and 68.9% [65.9–71.9], respectively).ConclusionsTelevision, specifically news of an athlete's injury, was the most frequent information source for ACL injury. Although knee valgus during landing and decreased muscle strength of the hamstrings are considered risk factors for ACL injury, this is not understood properly by the general public. It is clear that better education about risk factors and prevention methods for ACL injuries through media, such as television, is required.
ULTRASONOGRAPHIC CHANGES OF UPPER EXTREMITY TENDONS IN RECREATIONAL BADMINTON PLAYERS: THE EFFECT OF HAND DOMINANCE AND COMPARISON WITH CLINICAL FINDINGS
Authors: Park Jin , Lee Young-Hee , Kong In Deok , Park Tae-jun , Chang Jae Seung , Kim Taeho , Lee Hi Chan 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundShoulder and elbow injuries have been reported to constitute a sizeable percentage of injuries in overhead sports, including badminton. Since badminton requires repetitive, high-speed overhead motions putting high loads on the upper extremity joints, the badminton players frequently complain of pain and decreased function of shoulders and elbows.ObjectiveThe study evaluated the ultrasound abnormalities of selected shoulder and elbow tendons in recreational badminton players and investigated their correlation with hand dominance and clinical symptoms.DesignThis pilot study was designed as a cross-sectional research.Setting & ParticipantsForty-nine badminton players participating in recreational badminton clubs were invited to Wonju Sports Training Center from March to June 2016.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)The subjects underwent clinical and US examinations, both in dominant and non-dominant arms. The ultrasound assessments were performed by two residents of rehabilitation medicine.Main Outcome MeasurementsThis study evaluated any correlation between the presence of US abnormalities of supraspinatus, long head of biceps, ECRB and hand dominance as well as clinical symptoms.ResultsAmong 26 players with shoulder/elbow lesions in ultrasound, 8 (31%) players were asymptomatic while 18 (69%) players had pain in dominant arm. The relationship between the presence of shoulder/elbow lesions and current pain showed no significance (p=0.255, 0.91, 0.9). Supraspinatus partial tear/calcifications were observed in 8 dominant vs 1 non-dominant shoulders (odds ratio=2.462, p=0.628), long head of biceps partial tears/calcifications in 3 dominant vs 1 non-dominant shoulders (odds ratio=0.667, p=0.6), and lateral epicondyle fluid collection/partial tears in 10 dominant vs 3 non-dominant elbows (odds ratio=0.606, p=0.5).ConclusionsAlthough ultrasound abnormalities involving supraspinatus, biceps, lateral epicondyle showed an overall tendency of higher prevalence in the dominant arm, the result did not show significant differences according to hand dominance or clinical symptoms. Further studies with larger number of subjects are needed in the future.
AN EPIDEMIOLOGIC COMPARISON OF INJURIES TO SKIERS AND SNOWBOARDERS TREATED AT UNITED STATES EMERGENCY DEPARTMENTS, 2000–2015
Authors: Pierpoint Lauren , Volkmer Blake , Comstock Dawn , Morteza Khodaee 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundSkiing and snowboarding, popular competitive and recreational sports, can be associated with significant injury. In 2014/15, there were 53.6 million ski- and snowboarder-visits to United States (US) resorts. Previous studies of skiing and snowboarding injuries have been conducted, but studies evaluating injury patterns over long periods of time are needed to drive effective injury prevention efforts.ObjectiveCompare patterns of skiing and snowboarding injuries presenting to emergency departments (EDs) from 2000–2015.DesignRetrospective descriptive epidemiology.SettingUS EDs.ParticipantsPatients presenting with skiing or snowboarding injuries.Assessment of Risk FactorsCase reports were obtained from a large national hospital surveillance system that included sample weighting factors enabling calculation of national estimates.Main Outcome MeasurementsInjury incidence and characteristics.ResultsFrom 2000–2015, 36,145 injured skiers (48.0%) and snowboarders (52.0%) presented to US EDs representing an estimated 1,660,514 injuries nationwide. Males represented most skiing (59.7%) and snowboarding (73.2%) injuries. Skiers were older than snowboarders (mean 31.7 vs. 19.7 years; p<0.01); patients aged 10–19 represented more snowboarding (57.8%) than skiing (31.6%) injuries. Common diagnoses included sprains/strains (skiers=32.2%; snowboarders=24.7%) and fractures (skiers=27.7%, snowboarders=35.7%). Knees (20.8%) and shoulders (14.4%) were most commonly injured in skiers; wrists (20.1%) and shoulders (15.9%) in snowboarders. Individuals most often hospitalized following ED presentation were male (74.8%) and 15–19 years old (20.5%). Compared to all other injuries, fractures (OR=3.66, 95% CI=3.10–4.37) and head injuries (OR=2.10, 95% CI=1.44–3.06) more often resulted in hospitalization. After controlling for age, sex, body part, and diagnosis, skiers were more likely to be hospitalized than snowboarders (OR=1.43, 95% CI=1.16–1.77).ConclusionsInjury patterns and severity vary between skiers and snowboarders. Understanding the epidemiology of injuries presenting to EDs can help guide prehospital care and medical coverage allocation for resorts and event organizers, as well as identifying areas for targeted injury prevention efforts.
THE IMPLEMENTATION AND ADOPTION OF THE INJURY PREVENTION EXERCISE PROGRAMME GAA 15 IN GAELIC FOOTBALL CLUB TEAMS IN THE COUNTIES OF MAYO AND LONDON
Authors: Reilly John , Kipps Courtney 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundInjury prevention exercise programmes (IPEPs) have been shown to prevent and reduce injuries in team sports (Silvers-Granelliet al. 2015, Owoeyeet al. 2014). Implementation and adoption of IPEPs in team sport is a process is multifaceted and complex (Donaldson & Finch 2013). The Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) has produced an IPEP (GAA 15) specifically tailored to Gaelic football.ObjectiveTo investigate the injury prevention knowledge, beliefs and perceptions of GAA coaches and estimate the implementation rates of the ‘GAA 15'DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingGaelic football clubs in the Counties of Mayo and London.Patients (or Participants)26 GAA coaches who responded to email invitations to participate in this study.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)Online web based survey related to Gaelic football injuries and injury prevention.Main Outcome MeasurementsUnderstanding and perceptions of injury prevention in general; implementation of the ‘GAA 15’; and the motivation and support from the GAA and their County Boards.ResultsAll but one coach (96%) believed that an IPEP would reduce injuries to players during training and matches. Although all coaches utilise selected components of an IPEP such as strength, balance, and core exercises during the warm-up or training, only 2 coaches reported using the ‘GAA 15’. Coaches feel that they do not get enough support and exposure from the GAA and their County boards with regards to injury prevention strategies. The coaches supported the use of online resources, phone applications and group training programmes.ConclusionsDespite wide acceptance of the benefits of an IPEP, few coaches use one in Gaelic Football. The results of this study provide valuable information on the knowledge, perceptions and beliefs of Gaelic football club coaches regarding injury prevention. This information should be used to optimise access to education and delivery of the ‘GAA 15’.
THE EFFICACY OF A NEUROMUSCULAR TRAINING INJURY PREVENTION WARM-UP PROGRAM IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Richmond Sarah , Berg Carla van den , Owoeye Oluwatoyosi , Shi Qian , Palacios-Derflingher Luz , Hagel Brent , Macpherson Alison , Emery Carolyn 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundPrevious studies have established the efficacy of neuromuscular training (NMT) warm-up programs at reducing the risk of injury in youth in sport-specific contexts and, more recently, in a pilot study that included two Calgary junior high schools.ObjectiveTo determine the efficacy of iSPRINT (Implementing a School Prevention program to Reduce Injuries through Neuromuscular Training), a NMT warm-up program in reducing sport and recreational (S&R) injuries.DesignCluster randomized controlled trial.SettingJunior high school physical education (PE) classes in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.ParticipantsStudents in grades 7–9, ages 11–16 years (n=429), from four of twelve junior high schools in the first of three study years.InterventionsThe iSPRINT NMT program was taught to and delivered by teachers as a S&R injury prevention warm-up program in PE classes. Schools were randomized into the NMT intervention group or a control group (two schools per group).Main Outcome MeasurementsIncidence rate ratios (IRRs) were estimated using Poisson regression analyses to compare injuries between groups. Injuries were assessed by a physiotherapist or athletic therapist and included any S&R injury that resulted in inability to return to the same activity, time loss from physical activity, or required medical attention.ResultsInjury rates (adjusted for hours of sport participation, previous injury, and clustering by class) were significantly lower in the intervention group (n=241) compared to the control group (n=188) for all sport injury (IRR=0.48, 95% CI; 0.26–0.91) and lower extremity injury (IRR=0.38, 95% CI; 0.20–0.74). Crude time loss injury rates (IRR=0.09, 95% CI; 0.02–0.45) and knee injury rates (IRR=0.18, 95% CI; 0.05–0.66) were also significantly lower in the intervention group.ConclusionsThese preliminary results suggest the efficacy of the iSPRINT program in reducing the risk of S&R injury in a junior high PE context. This research will inform the public health impact of school-based injury prevention programs.