bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Origins of two hemiclonal hybrids among three Hexagrammos species (Teleostei: Hexagrammidae): genetic diversification through host switching
Authors: Munehara Hiroyuki , Horita Miho , Kimura‐Kawaguchi Motoko R. , Yamazaki Aya 
Published: September 2016

AbstractTwo natural, hemiclonal hybrid strains were discovered in three Hexagrammos species. The natural hybrids, all of which were females that produced haploid eggs containing only the Hexagrammos octogrammus genome (maternal ancestor; hereafter Hoc), generated F1 hybrid‐type offspring by fertilization with haploid sperm of Hexagrammos agrammus or Hexagrammos otakii (paternal species; Hag and Hot, respectively). This study was performed to clarify the extent of diversification between the two hybrids and the maternal ancestor. Genealogical analysis using mtDNA revealed that all 38 Hoc/Hot hybrids formed a branch (Branch I) with 18 of the 33 Hoc/Hag hybrids. No haplotype sharing was observed with the maternal ancestor. Further, microsatellite DNA analysis suggested that the members of Branch I shared the same hemiclonal genome set. The results suggested that Hoc/Hot hybrids originated by anomalous hybridization, or “host switching,” between Hoc/Hag and Hot, and not from interspecific hybridization between Hoc and Hot. The remaining 9 of 11 Hoc/Hag haplotypes and all of the 27 Hoc haplotypes were mixed within the genealogical tree, as if they had originated from multiple mutations. However, Hoc/Hag could also mate with Hoc. Although offspring from this host switch (Backcross‐Hoc) have the same genome as normal Hoc, a part of their genome retains genetic factors capable of producing hemiclones. Consequently, when a descendant of a BC‐Hoc hybrid mates with Hag males, a new hemiclone lineage will arise. Multiple haplotype revival through host switching from a single mutation in hybrids is another possible hypothesis for the observed mixing of Hoc/Hag haplotypes within the mtDNA genealogical tree.
Design of Balance Control System for High Maneuverability Vehicle on Steep Sloping Ground
Authors: DOI MASAYOSHI , FUKUHARA SHOU , MORI YASUCHIKA 
Published: September 2016

SUMMARYIn recent years, forests in Japan have required thinning. However, the sustainable wood is left around there because the tremendous effort and costs would have to be expended to transport it out. Thus, cut wood has been left around there. In this study, we design a high maneuverability vehicle that has balance control in its load‐carrying platform. The vehicle can transport the sustainable wood on steep sloping ground. In this study, we detected a delay time in regard to controlling the motion of the load‐carrying platform. We used generalized minimum variance control, one form of the predictive control, to control the system.
Development of a UV Light Source Using Pr:LuAG Thin Film Pumped by Electron Beam
Authors: ICHIKAWA NORIO , IKEDA KOHEI , HONDA YOSHINORI , TAKETOMI HIROYUKI , KAWAI KOJI , SUZUKI TAKASHI 
Published: September 2016

SUMMARYPr:LuAG thin film was deposited by pulsed laser deposition. Before and after thermal treatment, each film was characterized using X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and cathode luminescence. Thermal treatment led this film to crystallization of Pr:LuAG with garnet structure. And ultra‐violet (UV) emission was obtained from the Pr:LuAG film pumped by irradiating electron beam. We applied this technique to produce a product of a UV light source using Pr:LuAG thin film target pumped by electron beam.
Global patterns and determinants of forest canopy height
Authors: Tao Shengli , Guo Qinghua , Li Chao , Wang Zhiheng , Fang Jingyun 
Published: September 2016

AbstractForest canopy height is an important indicator of forest biomass, species diversity, and other ecosystem functions; however, the climatic determinants that underlie its global patterns have not been fully explored. Using satellite LiDAR‐derived forest canopy heights and field measurements of the world's giant trees, combined with climate indices, we evaluated the global patterns and determinants of forest canopy height. The mean canopy height was highest in tropical regions, but tall forests (>50 m) occur at various latitudes. Water availability, quantified by the difference between annual precipitation and annual potential evapotranspiration (P−PET), was the best predictor of global forest canopy height, which supports the hydraulic limitation hypothesis. However, in striking contrast with previous studies, the canopy height exhibited a hump‐shaped curve along a gradient of P−PET: it initially increased, then peaked at approximately 680 mm of P−PET, and finally declined, which suggests that excessive water supply negatively affects the canopy height. This trend held true across continents and forest types, and it was also validated using forest inventory data from China and the United States. Our findings provide new insights into the climatic controls of the world's giant trees and have important implications for forest management and improvement of forest growth models.
Is peripheral access for apheresis procedures underutilized in clinical practice?—A single centre experience
Authors: Putensen Daniel , Leverett David , Patel Bhavika , Rivera Jasmin 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe majority of reports regarding general vascular access choices for apheresis procedures argue that peripheral venous access should be considered first. However, the clinical reality appears to be different. While some procedures mandate central vascular access (e.g., therapeutic apheresis procedures in critically ill patients) and in some cases it is the patient's preference, we propose that the majority of elective procedures can be successfully performed peripherally.PurposeTo establish the feasibility and suitability of peripheral access for different apheresis procedures, undertaken in elective or emergency settings.MethodsThe choice of vascular access devices and cannulation sites were analysed retrospectively from all apheresis procedures performed between January 2014 and December 2015 at a single institution.ResultsOver 2 years a total of 3714 procedures were performed on 1061 patients. Absolute number of procedures (percentage) done peripherally: autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic progenitor cell harvest—400 (88%) and 458 (97%) respectively; mononuclear cell harvest—88 (93%); automated red cell exchange—1954 (80%); therapeutic plasma exchange—766 (26%); white blood cell depletion—48 (71%). Choice of vascular access for all procedures (absolute number [percentage]): peripheral and ultrasound‐guided peripheral deep vein cannulation—2683 (72%); central venous catheter access: femoral—331 (9%); jugular—511 (14%); subclavian—2 (<1%); double‐lumen port—187 (5%). Peripheral access in all apheresis procedures (emergency and elective) was 72%; for purely elective procedures this number increased to 80% to 97%, depending on the procedure.ConclusionIn our institution the majority of elective apheresis procedures are successfully performed using peripheral access.
Sulfhydryl‐Based Inhibition of δ‐ALA‐D and Na+, K+‐ATPase Activities Depends on the Organoselenium Group Bonded to the Isoquinoline
Authors: Sampaio Tuane Bazanella , da Rocha Juliana Trevisan , Quines Caroline Brandão , Stein André Luiz Agnes , Zeni Gilson , Nogueira Cristina Wayne 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTOrganoselenium compounds and isoquinoline derivatives have their toxicity linked to induction of pro‐oxidant situations. δ‐Aminolevulinate dehydratase (δ‐ALA‐D) and Na+, K+‐ATPase have sulfhydryl groups susceptible to oxidation. Thus, we investigated toxicological effects of 4‐organoseleno‐isoquinoline derivatives, cerebral monoamine oxidase B inhibitors, on rat cerebral δ‐ALA‐D and Na+, K+‐ATPase activities and the involvement of sulfhydryl groups in vitro. Compounds substituted with fluoro (4‐(4‐fluorophenylseleno)‐3‐phenylisoquinoline), chloro (4‐(4‐chlorophenylseleno)‐3‐phenylisoquinoline) and trifluoro (4‐(3‐trifluoromethylphenylseleno)‐3‐phenylisoquinoline) at the selenium‐bonded aromatic ring inhibited δ‐ALA‐D (IC50 values: 78.42, 92.27, 44.98 µM) and Na+, K+‐ATPase (IC50 values: 41.36, 89.43, 50.66 µM) activities, possibly due to electronic effects induced by these groups. 3‐Phenyl‐4‐(phenylseleno) isoquinoline (without substitution at the selenium‐bonded aromatic ring) and 4‐(4‐methylphenylseleno)‐3‐phenylisoquinoline (with a methyl group substituted at the selenium‐bonded aromatic ring) did not alter the activity of these enzymes. Dithiothreitol, a reducing agent, restored the enzymatic activities inhibited by 4‐(4‐fluorophenylseleno)‐3‐phenylisoquinoline, 4‐(4‐chlorophenylseleno)‐3‐phenylisoquinoline and 4‐(3‐trifluoromethylphenylseleno)‐3‐phenylisoquinoline, suggesting the involvement of sulfhydryl residues in this effect. However, the release of essential zinc seems not to be related to the δ‐ALA‐D inhibition by these compounds. According to these data, the effect of oral administration (300 mg/kg, intragastric) of 3‐phenyl‐4‐(phenylseleno) isoquinoline on markers of systemic toxicity in Wistar rats was evaluated. None signs of toxicity was observed during or after treatment. This study suggests that the insertion of electron‐withdrawing groups in the aromatic ring bonded to the selenium atom of isoquinolines tested increased its inhibitory effect on sulfhydryl enzymes in vitro. 3‐Phenyl‐4‐(phenylseleno) isoquinoline, which has documented pharmacological properties, had no toxicological effects on the parameters evaluated in this study. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1144–1150, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
5‐HT3Receptor Antagonists for the Prevention of Perioperative Shivering: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Wang Wen , Song Xiaojing , Wang Tong , Zhang Chaobin , Sun Li 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe aim of this meta‐analysis was to evaluate the preventive efficacy and safety of 5‐HT3receptor antagonists (5‐HT3RAs) on perioperative shivering. Relevant databases were searched to identify eligible randomized, controlled trials through January 2016. Primary outcome was the incidence of perioperative shivering, and secondary outcomes were the incidence of safety‐related outcomes including postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), bradycardia, and hypotension. We calculated risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dichotomous data. Trial sequential analysis was performed to assess the risk of random errors and calculate the required information size. Sixteen studies with a total of 1126 patients were included in the meta‐analysis. Compared with the control group, 5‐HT3RAs administered intravenously could statistically significantly reduce the incidence of perioperative shivering (RR, 0.44; 95%CI, 0.35 to 0.56;P< .00001; heterogeneity:I2= 30%) as well as PONV (RR, 0.52; 95%CI, 0.28 to 0.97;P= .04; heterogeneity:I2= 0%). However, they did not show superiority in lowering the rate of bradycardia (RR, 0.75; 95%CI, 0.38 to 1.49;P= 0.42; heterogeneity:I2= 0%) or hypotension (RR, 0.79; 95%CI, 0.44 to 1.43;P= .44; heterogeneity:I2= 24%). Trial sequential analysis of primary outcome showed that the required information size was 2634 patients and that the trial sequential monitoring boundary was crossed. Thus, more high‐quality randomized, controlled trials with larger sample sizes are still required to draw a definite conclusion about the preventive efficacy of 5‐HT3RAs on perioperative shivering prevention in the future.
Preoperative direct bilirubin to prothrombin time ratio index to prevent liver failure after minor hepatectomy
Authors: Furuyama Takaki , Kudo Atsushi , Matsumura Satoshi , Mitsunori Yusuke , Aihara Arihiro , Ban Daisuke , Ochiai Takanori , Tanaka Shinji , Tanabe Minoru 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe most reliable index to predict the safety of hepatectomy for patients with poor liver function remains unknown. We aimed to construct a novel preoperative index to predict early liver failure (ELF) and mortality due to recurrence‐free liver failure (MLF) after hepatectomy.MethodsBetween 2000 and 2012, 385 consecutive patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing curative minor hepatectomy were divided into two sequential cohorts: training set (n = 143) and validation set (n = 242), and observed until 2015.ResultsProthrombin time and direct bilirubin were independent predictors of both ELF and MLF in the training set. Thus we devised a novel index, the direct bilirubin to prothrombin time ratio index (DBPTRI). The areas under ROC curves of DBPTRI for predicting ELF and MLF were 0.78 and 0.93, respectively, in the validation set. Using a preoperative DBPTRI cut off of 4.2, we accurately predicted ELF and MLF in 86.8% and 88.4% of patients, respectively. DBPTRI was the best predictor of ELF and MLF when compared with conventional indices such as ICG‐R15 and Child–Pugh score. Moreover, the 5‐year overall survival rates of the patients with low and high DBPTRI were 59% and 36%, respectively (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsDBPTRI may serve as a simple, non‐invasive index for estimating liver failure after hepatectomy.
Significance of composition and particle size on the shear flow properties of wheat flour
Authors: Siliveru Kaliramesh , Ambrose RP Kingsly , Vadlani Praveen V 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDSize‐based fractionation of flour particles is an important process in wheat milling. Inter‐particle cohesion could affect the dynamic separation process and result in loss in throughput. This study quantifies the effect of particle properties that includes physical and chemical characteristics on the shear flow behavior of wheat flour.RESULTSThe cohesion and flow function values of wheat flour at three moisture contents (10%, 12%, and 14%), three particle sizes (75–106, 45–75, and <45 µm) and three sifter loads (0.5, 1.0, and 1.0 kPa) were significantly different (P < 0.05). The triggering moisture content and particle size where the flowability shifts from ‘easy flowing’ to ‘very cohesive’ were found to be 12% (wet basis) and 45 µm, respectively.CONCLUSIONThe high correlation observed between the chemical composition (damaged starch, protein, and fat) on the physical (bulk and tapped densities) and flow properties (cohesion, flow function, and angle of internal friction) demonstrates that chemical composition significantly contributes towards the differences in dynamic flowability of wheat flours. In addition, fat composition had a significant effect on the differences in flowability of wheat flours due to the increased inter‐particulate cohesion. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Global sharp interface limit of the Hele–Shaw–Cahn–Hilliard system
Authors: Fei Mingwen 
Published: September 2016

In this paper, we focus on a diffuse interface model named by Hele–Shaw–Cahn–Hilliard system, which describes a two‐phase Hele–Shaw flow with matched densities and arbitrary viscosity contrast in a bounded domain. The diffuse interface thickness is measured by ϵ, and the mobility coefficient (the diffusional Peclet number) is ϵα. We will prove rigorously that the global weak solutions of the Hele–Shaw–Cahn–Hilliard system converge to a varifold solution of the sharp interface model as ϵ→0 in the case of 0≤α < 1. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Positive solutions to semilinear elliptic equations involving a weighted fractional Lapalacian
Authors: Tang De 
Published: September 2016

In this paper, we consider a uniform elliptic nonlocal operator

urn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma4184:mma4184-math-0004
which is a weighted form of fractional Laplacian. We firstly establish three maximum principles for antisymmetric functions with respect to the nonlocal operator. Then, we obtain symmetry, monotonicity, and nonexistence of solutions to some semilinear equations involving the operator
on bounded domain,
and
, by applying direct moving plane methods. Finally, we show the relations between the classical operator − Δ and the nonlocal operator in () as α→2. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulation, phantom validation, and clinical evaluation of fast pH‐weighted molecular imaging using amine chemical exchange saturation transfer echo planar imaging (CEST‐EPI) in glioma at 3 T
Authors: Harris Robert J. , Cloughesy Timothy F. , Liau Linda M. , Nghiemphu Phioanh L. , Lai Albert , Pope Whitney B. , Ellingson Benjamin M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAcidity within the extracellular milieu is a hallmark of cancer. There is a current need for fast, high spatial resolution pH imaging techniques for clinical evaluation of cancers, including gliomas. Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI targeting fast‐exchanging amine protons can be used to obtain high‐resolution pH‐weighted images, but conventional CEST acquisition strategies are slow. There is also a need for more accurate MR simulations to better understand the effects of amine CEST pulse sequence parameters on pH‐weighted image contrast. In the current study we present a simulation of amine CEST contrast specific for a newly developed CEST echoplanar imaging (EPI) pulse sequence. The accuracy of the simulations was validated by comparing the exchange rates and Z‐spectrum under a variety of conditions using physical phantoms of glutamine with different pH values. The effects of saturation pulse shapes, pulse durations, pulse train lengths, repetition times, and relaxation rates of bulk water and exchangeable amine protons on the CEST signal were explored for normal‐appearing white matter (NAWM), glioma, and cerebrospinal fluid. Last, 18 patients with WHO II‐IV gliomas were evaluated. Results showed that the Z‐spectrum was highly dependent on saturation pulse shape, repetition time, saturation amplitude, magnetic field strength, and T2 within bulk water; however, the Z‐spectrum was only minimally influenced by saturation pulse duration and the specific relaxation rates of amine protons. Results suggest that a Gaussian saturation pulse train consisting of 3 × 100 ms pulses using the minimum allowable repetition time is optimal for achieving over 90% available contrast across all tissues. Results also demonstrate that high saturation pulse amplitude and scanner field strength (>3 T) are necessary for adequate endogenous pH‐weighted amine CEST contrast. pH‐weighted amine CEST contrast increased with increasing tumor grade, with glioblastoma showing significantly higher contrast compared with WHO II or III gliomas.
Postpolymerization modification of polynorbornene side chains via tetramethyl guanidine promoted esterification
Authors: Xu Jing , Zhang Hongwei , Wang Luoxin , Chen Meng , Luo Dan 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTWe demonstrate that polynorbornene containing primary activated bromide moieties is a novel chemically modifiable platform for postpolymerization modification. Polymer P0 was synthesized via ring‐opening metathesis polymerization of monomer 1 with the assistance of Grubbs third generation (G‐III) catalyst. Subsequently, nucleophilic substitution was conducted by mixing P0 with n‐caproic acid, sorbic acid, m‐toluic acid or 4‐nitrobenzoic acid in the presence of 1,1,3,3‐tetramethylguanidine (TMG) under mild and stoichiometric condition to generate functionalized polymers P1–P4. NMR results approved full conversion of the reactive sites and exemplified the “click” nature of TMG promoted esterification. Thermal stability and glass transition behaviors of all the polymer samples were investigated by thermal gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 3733–3740
Molecular dynamics simulation of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) helical structure In Vacuo and in amorphous polymer surrounding
Authors: Borzdun Natalia I. , Larin Sergey V. , Falkovich Stanislav G. , Nazarychev Victor M. , Volgin Igor V. , Yakimansky Alexander V. , Lyulin Alexey V. , Negi Vikas , Bobbert Peter A. , Lyulin Sergey V. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTThe stability of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) helical structure has been investigated in vacuo and in amorphous polymer surrounding via molecular dynamics‐based simulations at temperatures below and above the P3HT melting point. The results show that the helical chain remains stable at room temperature both in vacuo and in amorphous surrounding, and promptly loses its structure at elevated temperatures. However, the amorphous surrounding inhibits the destruction of the helix at higher temperatures. In addition, it is shown that the electrostatic interactions do not significantly affect the stability of the helical structure. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 2448–2456
Characterization of LiFePO4/C composite and its thermal stability by Mössbauer and XPS spectroscopy
Authors: Reklaitis Jonas , Davidonis Rimantas , Dindune Antonija , Valdniece Dagnija , Jasulaitienė Vitalija , Baltrūnas Dalis 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe powders of the /C composite have been synthesized using the sol–gel method. The binding energies of the Fe 2p, P 2p, and O 1s core level the of /C surface were determined by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The deconvolution of the Fe 2p core level XPS is associated with the Fe2+ and Fe3+ valence states of the composite. Chemical composition and phase transitions were investigated using Mössbauer spectroscopy in the temperature interval of 10–600 K. Thermal decomposition of the composite was observed at 550 K.
High‐induction nanocrystalline soft magnetic FeXTiYBZ films prepared by magnetron sputtering
Authors: Sheftel Elena N. , Tedzhetov Valentin A. , Harin Eugene V. , Kiryukhantsev‐Korneev Filipp V. , Usmanova Galina Sh. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractTo design films with the Fe/TiB2 nanocomposite structure, which are characterized by high saturation induction Bs, the phase and structural states and static magnetic properties of Fe‐TiB2 films prepared by magnetron sputtering and subjected to subsequent annealing have been studied. According to X‐ray diffraction data, either amorphous or nanocrystalline single‐phase structure (an α‐Fe(Ti,B) supersaturated solid solution with a bcc crystal lattice) is formed in the as‐sputtered films. Depending on the film composition, the grain size of the α‐Fe(Ti,B) phase varies from 45.6 to 6.5 nm; grains are characterized by high microstrain (0.21‐4.96%). The annealing at 200‐500 °C leads to a decrease in the lattice parameter of the α‐Fe(Ti,B) phase, i.e. to its depletion of titanium and boron and to the formation of two‐phase α‐Fe + Fe3B structure after annealing at 500 °C. The annealing at 200‐500 °C almost does not affect the grain size and microstrain of the bcc α‐Fe‐based phase. The amorphous state of the films is stable up to 500 °C. All studied films are ferromagnets; the saturation induction Bs(0.95‐2.13 T) and coercive field Hc (0.4‐5 kA/m) of the films were determined. Correlations between the Bs and Hc magnitudes and the chemical composition of the films, their phase and structural states and magnetic structure are discussed. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of nanocrystal geometric location on tunnel currents and small‐signal admittance of MIS structures
Authors: Mazurak Andrzej , Jasiński Jakub , Majkusiak Bogdan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn this paper, basing on a theoretical model of the ncMIS (nanocrystal metal‐insulator‐semiconductor) structure, in which nanocrystals embedded in the insulator layer are represented by traps of a continuous distribution in the energy gap, we consider the effect of geometric location of nanocrystals in the insulator on the voltage dependences of gate current and small‐signal admittance parameters. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)