bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthetic Access to a Pure Polyradical Architecture: Nucleophilic Insertion of Nitronyl Nitroxide on a Cyclotriphosphazene Scaffold
Authors: Fidan Ismail , Önal Emel , Yerli Yusuf , Luneau Dominique , Ahsen Vefa , Hirel Catherine 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAn optimized nucleophilic synthetic approach featuring mild conditions and microwave energy was utilized to circumvent the classical Ullman procedure and access a polynitronyl nitroxide radical easily and in pure form. The simultaneous controlled introduction of preformed nitronyl nitroxide radicals on a cyclotriphosphazene core leads to a novel polyphosphazene monomer which is suitable for both n‐ and a p‐type redox‐active material in organic rechargeable batteries as demonstrated by electrochemistry. Additionally, absorption spectra and square‐wave voltammetry were utilized to quantify the number of nitronyl nitroxide radical units on the cyclotriphosphazene scaffold.
Palladium Complexes of Carbazole‐Based Chalcogenaisophlorins: Synthesis, Structure, and Solid‐State NIR Absorption Spectra
Authors: Maeda Chihiro , Takaishi Kazuto , Ema Tadashi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractInvited for this month's cover is the group of Prof. Tadashi Ema from Okayama University, Japan. The cover picture shows the crystal structure of a palladium‐complex of carbazole‐based isophlorin, which forms the trimeric stacked layered structure and shows relatively strong solid‐state NIR absorption. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cplu.201700430.
Interfacial Engineering of Supported Liquid Membranes by Vapor Cross‐Linking for Enhanced Separation of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Kong Li‐Yun , Shan Wei‐Da , Han Sheng‐Li , Zhang Tao , He Lang‐Chong , Huang Kuan , Dai Sheng 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSupported liquid membranes (SLMs) based on ionic liquids (ILs) with not only high gas permeability and selectivity, but also high stability under high pressure, are highly desired for gas separation applications. In this work, permeable and selective polyamide network (PN) layers are deposited on the surface of SLMs by utilizing the cross‐linking reaction of trimesoyl chloride, which was pre‐dispersed in the SLMs, and vapor of amine linkers. The vapor cross‐linking method makes it easy to control the growth and aggregation of PN layers, owing to the significantly reduced reaction rate, and thereby ensuring the good distribution of PN layers on the surface of SLMs. With rational choice of amine linkers and optimization of vapor cross‐linking conditions, the prepared sandwich‐like PN@SLMs with ILs embedded homogeneously within polymeric matrices displayed much‐improved CO2 permeability and CO2/N2 selectivity in relation to the pristine SLMs. Moreover, those SLMs with ILs impregnated into porous supports physically displayed improved stability under high pressure after vapor cross‐linking, because the PN layers formed on the surface of SLMs help prevent the ILs from being squeezed out. This interfacial engineering strategy represents a significant advance in the surface modification of SLMs to endow them with promising applications in CO2 capture.
Identifying compartments in ecological networks based on energy channels
Authors: Zhao Lei , Zhang Huayong , Tian Wang , Xu Xiang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIt has been confirmed in many food webs that the interactions between species are divided into “compartments,” that is, subgroups of highly interacting taxa with few weak interactions between the subgroups. Many of the current methods for detecting compartments in food webs are borrowed from network theory, which do little to improve our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning them. Therefore, a method based on ecological context is needed. Here, we develop a new method for detecting compartments in food webs based on the reliance of each node on energy derived from basal resources (i.e., producers or decomposers). Additional Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to test the significance of the compartmentalization. Further, we applied a food web dynamics model to test whether the effects of permutation would be retained within a single compartment. The proposed method identified significant compartments in 23 of the 28 empirical food webs that were investigated. We further demonstrated that the effects of node removal were significantly higher within compartments than between compartments. Our methods and results emphasize the importance of energy channels in forming food web structures, which sheds light on the mechanisms of self‐organization within food webs.
Phenology largely explains taller grass at successful nests in greater sage‐grouse
Authors: Smith Joseph T. , Tack Jason D. , Doherty Kevin E. , Allred Brady W. , Maestas Jeremy D. , Berkeley Lorelle I. , Dettenmaier Seth J. , Messmer Terry A. , Naugle David E. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMuch interest lies in the identification of manageable habitat variables that affect key vital rates for species of concern. For ground‐nesting birds, vegetation surrounding the nest may play an important role in mediating nest success by providing concealment from predators. Height of grasses surrounding the nest is thought to be a driver of nest survival in greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; sage‐grouse), a species that has experienced widespread population declines throughout their range. However, a growing body of the literature has found that widely used field methods can produce misleading inference on the relationship between grass height and nest success. Specifically, it has been demonstrated that measuring concealment following nest fate (failure or hatch) introduces a temporal bias whereby successful nests are measured later in the season, on average, than failed nests. This sampling bias can produce inference suggesting a positive effect of grass height on nest survival, though the relationship arises due to the confounding effect of plant phenology, not an effect on predation risk. To test the generality of this finding for sage‐grouse, we reanalyzed existing datasets comprising >800 sage‐grouse nests from three independent studies across the range where there was a positive relationship found between grass height and nest survival, including two using methods now known to be biased. Correcting for phenology produced equivocal relationships between grass height and sage‐grouse nest survival. Viewed in total, evidence for a ubiquitous biological effect of grass height on sage‐grouse nest success across time and space is lacking. In light of these findings, a reevaluation of land management guidelines emphasizing specific grass height targets to promote nest success may be merited.
Multiplex identification of sepsis‐causing Gram‐negative pathogens from the plasma of infected blood
Authors: Chung Boram , Park Chulmin , Cho Sung‐Yeon , Shin Juyoun , Shin Sun , Yim Seon‐Hee , Lee Dong‐Gun , Chung Yeun‐Jung 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEarly and accurate detection of bacterial pathogens in the blood is the most crucial step for sepsis management. Gram‐negative bacteria are the most common organisms causing severe sepsis and responsible for high morbidity and mortality. We aimed to develop a method for rapid multiplex identification of clinically important Gram‐negative pathogens and also validated whether our system can identify Gram‐negative pathogens with the cell‐free plasm DNA from infected blood. We designed five MLPA probe sets targeting the genes specific to major Gram‐negative pathogens (uidA and lacY for E. coli, ompA for A. baumannii, phoE for K. pneumoniae, and ecfX for P. aeruginosa) and one set targeting the CTX‐M group 1 to identify the ESBL producing Gram‐negative pathogens. All six target‐specific peaks were clearly separated without any non‐specific peaks in a multiplex reaction condition. The minimum detection limit was 100 fg of pathogen DNA. When we tested 28 Gram‐negative clinical isolates, all of them were successfully identified without any non‐specific peaks. To evaluate the clinical applicability, we tested seven blood samples from febrile patients. Three blood culture positive cases showed E. coli specific peaks, while no peak was detected in the other four culture negative samples. This technology can be useful for detection of major sepsis‐causing, drug‐resistant Gram‐negative pathogens and also the major ESBL producing Gram‐negatives from the blood of sepsis patients in a clinical setting. This system can help early initiation of effective antimicrobial treatment against Gram‐negative pathogens for sepsis patients, which is very crucial for better treatment outcomes.
Green and Facile Preparation of Carbon‐Coated TiO2 Nanosheets for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Luo Zhigao , Liu Sainan , Cai Yangshen , Li Shi , Pan Anqiang , Liang Shuquan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTiO2 is particularly interesting as an anode for sodium‐ion batteries because of its exceptional stability, nontoxicity, natural abundance, and low cost. However, the low intrinsic electronic and ionic conductivity of TiO2 result in insufficient reversible capacities and rate capabilities. Herein, a sheet‐like anatase‐type TiO2 with carbon coating is synthesized using a cost‐effective and energy‐efficient hydrothermal reaction. As a proof‐of‐concept application, the as‐synthesized C/TiO2 nanosheets exhibits good electrochemical performance, including high specific capacities and high rate stability.
Experimental study of deformable connection consisting of friction device and rubber bearings to connect floor system to lateral force resisting system
Authors: Tsampras Georgios , Sause Richard , Fleischman Robert B. , Restrepo José I. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThis paper presents experimental and numerical studies of a full‐scale deformable connection used to connect the floor system of the flexible gravity load resisting system to the stiff lateral force resisting system (LFRS) of an earthquake‐resistant building. The purpose of the deformable connection is to limit the earthquake‐induced horizontal inertia force transferred from the floor system to the LFRS and thereby to reduce the horizontal floor accelerations and the forces in the LFRS. The deformable connection that was studied consists of a friction device (FD) and carbon fiber‐reinforced laminated low‐damping rubber bearings (RB), denoted as the FD + RB connection.The test results show that the force‐deformation responses of the FD + RB connection are stable under quasi‐static sinusoidal and earthquake loading histories and dynamic sinusoidal loading histories. The FD + RB connection force‐deformation response is approximated with a bilinear elastic‐plastic force‐deformation response with kinematic hardening. The FD is axially stiff, compact, easy‐to‐assemble, and able to accommodate the FD + RB connection kinematic requirements. The FD elastic stiffness controls the FD + RB connection elastic stiffness. The FD friction force controls the force when the FD + RB connection force‐deformation response transitions from elastic to post elastic. The RB provide predictable and reliable post‐elastic stiffness to the FD + RB connection. The machining tolerances for the FD components, the “break‐in” effect, the sliding history, and the dwell time affect the FD friction force. Numerical simulation results for a 12‐story reinforced concrete wall building with FD + RB connections under seismic loading show that a reduction of the FD friction force increases the FD + RB connection deformation demand.
Bioaccumulation, uptake, and toxicity of carbamazepine in soil–plant systems
Authors: Knight Emma R. , Carter Laura J. , McLaughlin Michael J. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Since the detection of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in various environmental media, research has explored the potential uptake and toxicity of these chemicals to species inhabiting these matrices. Specifically, pharmaceuticals, including the antiepileptic API carbamazepine (CBZ), are taken up from soil by a range of plants. Many short-term studies have also suggested that certain APIs induce toxicity in plants. However, the effects of APIs on fruiting plants remain relatively unexplored. The present study investigated the uptake, bioaccumulation, and toxicity of CBZ in Cucurbita pepo (zucchini) from seed to full maturity across a range of CBZ exposure concentrations in soil (0.1–20 mg/kg). Results of biomass, chlorophyll, starch and total nitrogen (N) concentration in C. pepo indicated toxicity at soil concentrations of ≥10 mg/kg. There were clear visual indications of increasing toxicity on leaves, including chlorosis and necrosis, from soil concentrations of 1 up to 20 mg/kg. The present study also revealed novel insights into the effect of CBZ accumulation on C. pepo fruiting: female C. pepo flowers were unable to set fruit when leaf concentrations were ≥14 mg/kg. These findings may have implications for future agricultural productivity in areas where reclaimed wastewater containing APIs is a source of irrigation. Detectable CBZ concentrations were found in edible C. pepo fruit, indicating the possibility of trophic transfer. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1122–1130. © 2017 SETAC
Mitogenome evolution in the last surviving woolly mammoth population reveals neutral and functional consequences of small population size
Authors: Pečnerová Patrícia , Palkopoulou Eleftheria , Wheat Christopher W. , Skoglund Pontus , Vartanyan Sergey , Tikhonov Alexei , Nikolskiy Pavel , van der Plicht Johannes , Díez-del-Molino David , Dalén Love 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe onset of the Holocene was associated with a global temperature increase, which led to a rise in sea levels and isolation of the last surviving population of woolly mammoths on Wrangel Island. Understanding what happened with the population's genetic diversity at the time of the isolation and during the ensuing 6000 years can help clarify the effects of bottlenecks and subsequent limited population sizes in species approaching extinction. Previous genetic studies have highlighted questions about how the Holocene Wrangel population was established and how the isolation event affected genetic diversity. Here, we generated high-quality mitogenomes from 21 radiocarbon-dated woolly mammoths to compare the ancestral large and genetically diverse Late Pleistocene Siberian population and the small Holocene Wrangel population. Our results indicate that mitogenome diversity was reduced to one single haplotype at the time of the isolation, and thus that the Holocene Wrangel Island population was established by a single maternal lineage. Moreover, we show that the ensuing small effective population size coincided with fixation of a nonsynonymous mutation, and a comparative analysis of mutation rates suggests that the evolutionary rate was accelerated in the Holocene population. These results suggest that isolation on Wrangel Island led to an increase in the frequency of deleterious genetic variation, and thus are consistent with the hypothesis that strong genetic drift in small populations leads to purifying selection being less effective in removing deleterious mutations.
DUT‐58 (Co) Derived Synthesis of Co Clusters as Efficient Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalyst for Zinc–Air Battery
Authors: Gao Lichao , Chen Shuai , Cai Rongsheng , Zhao Quansheng , Zhao Xiaoliang , Yang Dongjiang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTo meet the requirement of fuel cells and metal–air batteries, non‐noble metal catalysts have to be developed to replace precious platinum‐based catalysts. Herein, Co nanoclusters (≈2 nm) are anchored on nitrogen‐doped reduced graphene oxide (Co/N‐r‐GO) by using DUT‐58 (Co) metal–organic framework and GO as precursors. Compared with single‐atom catalysts usually with ultralow concentration (<0.5 wt%), Co nanoclusters are more beneficial to break the OO bond to ensure four electronic way for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), since they can provide more adsorption centers for reactants. Therefore, as expected, the sample with 6.67 wt% Co content (Co/N‐r‐GO‐5%‐850) exhibits better ORR activity with a higher half‐wave potential of 0.831 V, a more positive onset potential of 0.921 V than Pt/C, and a comparable limiting current density in alkaline medium. The Co nanoclusters enhance the catalytic performance for ORR in three aspects: quantum size effects, metal–support interactions, and low‐coordination environment of metal centers. Furthermore, the sample is assembled into a zinc–air battery as the outstanding durable ORR catalyst. It displays a higher specific capacity (795 mAh g−1 at the current density 50 mA cm−2) and power density (175 mW cm−2) than Pt/C (731 mAh g−1 and 164 mW cm−2, respectively).
Zum geotechnischen Risiko durch Stabilitätsverlust
Authors: Gudehus Gerd , Touplikiotis Asterios 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn dem Beitrag wird das geotechnische Risiko als Erwartungswert des Ausmaßes schädlicher Ereignisse innerhalb eines Operationsgebiets und ‐zeitraums präzisiert. Dafür ursächliche Stabilitätsverluste sind mit domino‐artigen Kettenreaktionen und Kontrollverlusten verbunden, die sich bislang nicht berechnen lassen. Ihr Ausmaß ist physikalisch durch die dabei freigesetzte Energie gegeben. Je größer diese ist und je mehr etwas oder jemand einer Kettenreaktion ausgesetzt ist, desto größer ist der Schaden. Wegen der „wilden“ Zufälligkeit hängt die Anzahl von Kettenreaktionen von der dabei mindestens freigesetzten Energie nach einem Potenzgesetz ab. Dessen Exponent ist nahe –1, weil die Geomaterie annähernd ratenunabhängig reagiert. Das Potenzgesetz hat physikalisch und organisatorisch begründbare Unter‐ und Obergrenzen. Damit ergibt sich das geotechnische Risiko als das Produkt von Schadensuntergrenze und Logarithmus des Verhältnisses von Ober‐ und Untergrenze. Erwartungswerte der Grenzen sind aufgrund von Baugrunddaten, technischen und sonstigen Einwirkungen für Szenarios zu ermitteln. So kann man das Risiko objektiv kalkulieren, Versicherungsprämien einschätzen und die Gesamtausgaben von der Vorstudie bis zur Nutzung reduzieren.
Yanshanian deformation in Western Shandong, eastern North China Craton: Response to a transition from paleo‐Pacific to Pacific Plate subduction
Authors: Zhang Jian , Li Sanzhong , Li Xiyao , Zhao Shujuan , Somerville Ian D. , Li Shaojun , Lan Haoyuan 
Published: November 2017

The eastern part of the North China Craton has experienced cratonic destruction during the Mesozoic–Cenozoic period. However, the mechanism and geodynamic process of cratonic destruction is still not clear. The Shandong Province is a typical region that suffered the Yanshanian (Jurassic to Cretaceous) tectono‐thermal event relating to the cratonic destruction. In this paper, we focus on the Yanshanian deformation in Western Shandong and integrate the previous studies of contemporaneous magmatism. There are two‐stage compressive structures developed in Western Shandong, NE‐ or NNE‐ trending open folds, which subsequently evolved the same trend as the thrust faults. A series of NW‐trending normal faults converted from the pre‐existing Indosinian (Triassic) thrusts controlled the formation of Mesozoic basins. These deformations are a tectonic response to the subduction of the Izanagi Plate (paleo‐Pacific Plate) under the North China Craton during the Middle Jurassic and the Early Cretaceous. The Cretaceous magmatic rocks in Western Shandong mainly occurred between 130–125 Ma and have multi‐magmatic sources, including enriched lithospheric mantle, delaminated lithosphere, and subducted oceanic slab. We propose that the subduction of the Izanagi Plate converting to the Pacific Plate occurred during the middle Early Cretaceous induced a delamination of the lower crust linked to the destruction of the eastern North China Craton.
Development and validation of Indian Affective Picture Database
Authors: Sharma Ujjwal , Bhushan Braj 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSince culturally salient stimuli for emotion recognition are scarce in India, we developed and validated a set of 140 coloured pictures of six basic emotions along with a neutral expression. The expressions were posed by four expressers, two males and two females, with mean age of 25.25 (SD 3.77) years. The expressions were captured from five different angles keeping the background uniform. These pictures were shown to 350 undergraduates who labelled the emotion and rated their intensity. The mean biased hit rate was 93.02 (SD 7.33) and mean unbiased hit rate was .519 (SD .015). Within subjects ANOVA revealed significant main effect of emotion (F(1, 6) = 7.598, p < .001). The t‐test value (23.116, p < .001) shows that the given emotion was identified correctly by participants beyond chance factors. The mean intensity rating was 5.94 (SD .77). Overall, the results reveal that the pictures are a valid set of affective stimuli.
Lipopolysaccharide levels adherent to PM2.5 play an important role in particulate matter induced‐immunosuppressive effects in mouse splenocytes
Authors: He Cuiying , Song Yuan , Ichinose Takamichi , He Miao , Morita Kentaro , Wang Duo , Kanazawa Tamotsu , Yoshida Yasuhiro 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEpidemiological studies show that exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) is associated with serious adverse health effects, including, but not limited to, those on the respiratory system. In the present study, we investigated the splenic response in mice administered PM of ≤ 2.5 μ m diameter (PM2.5). Male BALB/c mice (7 or 8 weeks old) were intratracheally administered PM2.5 (0.1 mg) four times, at 2 week intervals, and dissected 24 h after the final administration. The effect of six types of PM2.5, collected in Shenyang or Beijing (China) and Kitakyushu (Japan), on splenocytes was examined. Our results revealed a strong correlation between the levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), but not that of β‐glucan and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, attached to PM2.5 and the effect of PM2.5 on cell activity. PM2.5 with a low amount of LPS (PM2.5LL) reduced splenocyte mitogen‐induced proliferation and cytokine production compared with that in control mice. The suppressive effects of PM2.5LL on proliferation and interleukin‐2 production in splenocytes were rescued by the antioxidant N‐acetylcysteine. Expression of heme oxygenase‐1 was elevated after PM2.5LL administration, particularly in CD11b + cells, while no elevation was observed in CD4+, CD8+ or B220+ cells. Further, dissociation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 from Kelch‐like ECH‐associating protein 1 was observed in splenocytes of PM2.5LL‐administered mice. These data suggest that LPS attached to PM2.5 modulates the splenocyte immune responses to PM2.5.