bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Historical Diets of Forage Fish and Juvenile Pacific Salmon in the Strait of Georgia, 1966–1968
Authors: Osgood Geoffrey J. , Kennedy Laura A. , Holden Jessica J. , Hertz Eric , McKinnell Skip , Juanes Francis 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The Strait of Georgia, British Columbia, provides important feeding and rearing habitat for forage fish, such as Pacific Herring Clupea pallasii and Eulachon Thaleichthys pacificus as well as all species of North American Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. during their juvenile out-migration. In recent decades, this region has undergone large-scale physical and biological changes. Pacific Herring and Pacific salmon populations have experienced dramatic population fluctuations, while Eulachon have failed to recover from precipitous declines in the 1990s. Archival records of stomach content data from the 1960s, collected primarily from juvenile Pacific salmon, Pacific Herring, and Eulachon, allowed us to investigate diet variability in these species 60 years ago. Consistent with contemporary reports, we found that all species except Eulachon had generalist diets. In contrast to recent studies finding that Pacific Herring are the most important fish prey, Eulachon were the most frequently consumed fish, occurring in 28% of all piscivorous fish stomachs. This suggests that Pacific Herring are an important component of some Pacific salmon diets now, but only because lipid-rich Eulachon are no longer available. Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha and Coho Salmon O. kisutch had the most similar diets, in part because of their greater piscivory. Species, length, and month and year of capture showed some explanatory power in differentiating the diets of the fish, although they explained less than 10% of total diet variation. Historical data, such as those presented here, offer a unique opportunity to investigate temporal differences in foraging ecology, informing management on how changes in the Strait of Georgia ecosystem may impact the trophic interactions between species.
Received September 30, 2015; accepted July 5, 2016
Rallying the Troops
Authors: Brødsgaard Anne , Helth Theresa , Andersen Bente Lund , Petersen Mette 
Published: November 2016

Background:
Research concludes that there is a need for educational programs for grandmothers, as well as networking opportunities; educational programs for other extended family members have long been sought by parents, relatives, and nurses in neonatal intensive care unit.

Purpose:
To describe the effect of having premature infants' extended families participating in family-centered care (FCC) groups in the neonatal intensive care unit. An intervention based on dialogue, including topics as own reactions, general knowledge about the premature infants, parenthood, and how the extended families can support the new families during hospitalization and after discharge.

Methods:
A qualitative content analysis of 2 focus group interviews involving 16 purposefully sampled extended family members, who had participated in 1½ hours of FCC group interventions.

Findings:
The overall theme was: Accepting the individuality of the infant and providing the family with realistic expectations for the future. This theme emerged during the analysis of 4 categories: knowledge sharing, same basis for understanding, access to the immediate family, and competent supporting role. The interrelationship between the categories also emerged, surprisingly, during the analysis.

Implications for Practice:
Extended family members should be recognized as an essential part of the new family's life from the time of the premature infant's admission to neonatal intensive care unit. Family-centered care group interventions should be integrated into ward practice and policy.

Implications for Research:
The study reinforces the need for further research, utilizing both qualitative and quantitative methods, into age and ethnicity aspects of FCC group interventions. There is also a need to compare the new parents' perceived level of stress and support from the FCC group intervention in relation to participating and nonparticipating extended families.
CYSTOID MACULAR EDEMA AND CYSTOID MACULAR DEGENERATION AS A RESULT OF MULTIPLE PATHOGENIC FACTORS IN THE SETTING OF CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY
Authors: Astroz Polina , Balaratnasingam Chandrakumar , Yannuzzi Lawrence A. 
Published: November 2016

Purpose:
To report the pathogenic factors that account for cystoid macular edema and cystoid macular degeneration in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

Methods:
The clinical course and multimodal imaging findings, including fundus color photography, fundus autofluorescence, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, and fluorescein angiography, of one eye with cystoid macular edema due to chronic CSC was documented.

Results:
A 44-year old woman with a history of chronic CSC presented with progressive visual decline in the right eye. Best-corrected visual acuity was 20/40. Funduscopic examination revealed diffuse retinal pigment epithelial changes and macular edema. Fluorescein angiography demonstrated perifoveal microaneurysms and leakage in a petaloid configuration. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography demonstrated cysts at the level of the inner nuclear layer, an epiretinal membrane, vitreomacular traction, and an attenuated retinal pigment epithelial band. Central subfield thickness was 486 μm. Three intravitreal injections of aflibercept were administered over 16 weeks following which there was resolution of leakage, release of vitreomacular traction, and resolution of microaneurysms. Central subfield thickness reduced to 379 μm, but persistent intraretinal cysts were observed. There was subjective improvement in visual symptoms, but Snellen acuity remained at 20/40.

Conclusion:
Intraretinal cystic changes in chronic CSC may be the result of multifactorial pathogenic factors and may represent the coexistence of cystoid macular edema and cystoid macular degeneration. Anti–vascular endothelial growth factor may play an important role in the treatment of cystoid macular edema caused by CSC.
Lean Six Sigma to Reduce Intensive Care Unit Length of Stay and Costs in Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Trzeciak Stephen , Mercincavage Michael , Angelini Cory , Cogliano William , Damuth Emily , Roberts Brian W. , Zanotti Sergio , Mazzarelli Anthony J. 
Published: November 2016

Objective:
Patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) represent important “outliers” of hospital length of stay (LOS) and costs (∼$26 billion annually in the United States). We tested the hypothesis that a Lean Six Sigma (LSS) approach for process improvement could reduce hospital LOS and the associated costs of care for patients with PMV.

Design:
Before-and-after cohort study.

Setting:
Multidisciplinary intensive care unit (ICU) in an academic medical center.

Patients:
Adult patients admitted to the ICU and treated with PMV, as defined by diagnosis-related group (DRG).

Methods:
We implemented a clinical redesign intervention based on LSS principles. We identified eight distinct processes in preparing patients with PMV for post-acute care. Our clinical redesign included reengineering daily patient care rounds (“Lean ICU rounds”) to reduce variation and waste in these processes. We compared hospital LOS and direct cost per case in patients with PMV before (2013) and after (2014) our LSS intervention.

Results:
Among 259 patients with PMV (131 preintervention; 128 postintervention), median hospital LOS decreased by 24% during the intervention period (29 vs. 22 days, p < .001). Accordingly, median hospital direct cost per case decreased by 27% ($66,335 vs. $48,370, p < .001).

Conclusion:
We found that a LSS-based clinical redesign reduced hospital LOS and the costs of care for patients with PMV.
Noninvasive markers of liver fibrosis: on-treatment changes of serum markers predict the outcome of antifibrotic therapy
Authors: Tanwar Sudeep , Trembling Paul M. , Hogan Brian J. , Srivastava Ankur , Parkes Julie , Harris Scott , Grant Paul , Nastouli Eleni , Ocker Mathias , Wehr Klaus , Herold Christoph , Neureiter Daniel , Schuppan Detlef , Rosenberg William M. 
Published: November 2016

Aim
The utility of noninvasive serum markers to longitudinally monitor liver fibrosis is not established.

Methods
A total of 70 patients with chronic hepatitis C who had previously failed antiviral therapy were randomized to receive pegylated interferon with or without silymarin for 24 months. Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) tests (hyularonic acid, terminal peptide of procollagen III, tissue inhibitor of matrix metaloproteinase-1) were performed on patient sera obtained before, during and at the end of the study (0, 12, 24 months) and liver histology obtained before and at the end of the study.

Results
At 24 months, absolute changes in Ishak fibrosis stage and ELF ranged from −4 to +4 and from −2.41 to +2.68, respectively. Absolute changes in ELF at 12 months were significantly associated with changes in both ELF and histology at 24 months. A model combining both baseline ELF and change of ELF at 12 months could predict the 24-month ELF (R
2=0.609, P<1×10–11), a decrease in ELF at 24 months [area under the curve (AUC): 0.80–0.85] and an increase in ELF at 24 months (AUC: 0.81–0.85). Furthermore, a model combining both baseline histologic stage and ELF together with the change of ELF at 12 months could predict 24-month histology (R
2=0.601, P<1×10–11, AUC: 0.88–0.92), histologic fibrosis regression (AUC: 0.81–0.84) and progression (AUC: 0.86–0.91).

Conclusion
Our observations suggest that a change in the serum marker ELF predicts changes in liver fibrosis over a longer period. These data support the use of ELF as a surrogate marker of liver fibrosis evolution in monitoring antifibrotic treatments, thus permitting ‘response-guided’ therapy by the early identification of patients who will benefit from prolonged treatment.
Milk fat biomarkers and cardiometabolic disease
Authors: Risérus Ulf , Marklund Matti 
Published: November 2016

Purpose of review
Dairy is a major food group with potential impact on cardiometabolic health. Self-reported dairy intake has limitations that can partly be avoided by using biomarkers. This review aims to summarize the evidence of odd-chain saturated fatty acids (OCFAs), that is, pentadecanoic acid (C15 : 0) and heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0), as biomarkers of dairy fat intake. In addition, the associations of OCFA biomarkers with cardiometabolic disease will be overviewed.

Recent findings
Adipose tissue 15 : 0 is the preferred biomarker but also circulating 15 : 0, and to a weaker extent 17 : 0, reflects both habitual and changes in dairy intake. Whereas results from studies assessing cardiovascular outcomes are inconsistent, OCFA biomarkers are overall associated with lower diabetes risk. Residual confounding should however be considered until interventional data and mechanisms are available. Although OCFA biomarkers mainly reflect dairy fat intake, recently proposed endogenous synthesis and metabolism do motivate further research.

Summary
Taking into account the study population diet and limitations of OCFA biomarkers, both adipose and circulating levels of 15 : 0, in particular, are useful for estimating total dairy fat intake. OCFA biomarkers are overall not linked to cardiovascular disease risk, but a possible beneficial role of dairy foods in diabetes prevention warrant further study.
NASPGHAN Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children
Authors: Vos Miriam B. , Abrams Stephanie H. , Barlow Sarah E. , Caprio Sonia , Daniels Stephen R. , Kohli Rohit , Mouzaki Marialena , Sathya Pushpa , Schwimmer Jeffrey B. , Sundaram Shikha S. , Xanthakos Stavra A. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a highly prevalent chronic liver disease that occurs in the setting of insulin resistance and increased adiposity. It has rapidly evolved into the most common liver disease seen in the pediatric population and is a management challenge for general pediatric practitioners, subspecialists, and for health systems. In this guideline, the expert committee on NAFLD reviewed and summarized the available literature, formulating recommendations to guide screening and clinical care of children with NAFLD.
Essential Content for Discharge Instructions in Pediatric Emergency Care
Authors: Curran Janet A. , Murphy Andrea , Burns Emma , Plint Amy , Taljaard Monica , MacPhee Shannon , Fitzpatrick Eleanor , Bishop Andrea , Chorney Jill , Bourque Megan 
Published: November 2016

Objective
The aim of this study was to identify the 5 most essential discharge instruction content elements that should be communicated to all caregivers of children who present to the emergency department (ED) with asthma, vomiting/diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, minor head injury, or bronchiolitis.

Methods
A discharge information content list was developed for each illness presentation following a review of the literature. Using a modified Delphi technique, 6 lists were distributed to a panel of experts from EDs across Canada using a secure online survey tool with the goal of achieving the 5 most essential discharge instruction elements.

Results
A total of 37 emergency clinicians completed all 4 rounds of the Delphi. Consensus for the final 30 content items ranged from 51.4% to 100%. Items pertaining to diarrhea/vomiting, abdominal pain, fever, and bronchiolitis obtained relatively high levels of consensus for all top 5 items. The majority of items (n = 19 [63.3%]) that reached consensus across the illness presentations were associated with instructions intended to educate caregivers on instances when they should return to the ED department.

Conclusions
Findings from this study provide a better understanding of what should be communicated to caregivers of children who present to the ED with a number of different illness presentations. Results from this study suggest that health care providers agree on the importance of providing information to caregivers regarding when to return to the ED with their child. Reaching consensus among all experts in this study provides insight into the difficulty of standardizing discharge communication in the absence of widely accepted guidelines.
Eliminating incident subtraction in diffraction tomography
Authors: Huthwaite P. 
Published: November 2016

Diffraction tomography is a powerful algorithm for producing high-resolution quantitative reconstructions across a wide range of applications. A major drawback of the method is that it operates on the scattered field, which cannot generally be directly measured, but must instead be calculated by subtracting the incident field, i.e. the equivalent field with no scatterer present. Unfortunately, often the incident field is not measurable and hence must be estimated, causing errors. This paper highlights an important, but not widely recognized, result: for particular widely used formulations of the algorithm, the subtraction of the incident field is unnecessary, and the algorithm can actually be applied directly to measured signals. The theory behind this is derived, showing that the incident field will vanish under far-field conditions, and the result is demonstrated in practice. Tests with subsampled arrays show that aliasing artefacts can appear, but can be removed with a filter at the expense of resolution. The incident field also has no effect for a variety of array configurations tested. Finally, the performance in the presence of both correlated and uncorrelated errors is confirmed, in all cases demonstrating that the incident field has a negligible effect on the final reconstruction.
Genome-level parameters describe the pan-nuclear fractal nature of eukaryotic interphase chromosomal arrangement
Authors: Fatakia Sarosh N. , Rao Basuthkar J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractLong-range inter-chromosomal interactions in the interphase nucleus subsume critical genome-level regulatory functions such as transcription and gene expression. To decipher a physical basis of diverse pan-nuclear inter-chromosomal arrangement that facilitates these processes, we investigate the scaling effects as obtained from disparate eukaryotic genomes and compare their total number of genes with chromosome size. First, we derived the pan-nuclear average fractal dimension of inter-chromosomal arrangement in interphase nuclei of different species and corroborated our predictions with independently reported results. Then, we described the different patterns across disparate unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes. We report that, unicellular lower eukaryotes have inter-chromosomal fractal dimension ≈ 1 at pan-nuclear dimensions, which is analogous to the multi-polymer crumpled globule model. Multi-fractal dimensions, corresponding to different inter-chromosomal arrangements emerged from multicellular eukaryotes, such that closely related species have relatively similar patterns. Using this theoretical approach, we computed that the average fractal dimension from human acrocentric versus metacentric chromosomes was distinct, implying that a multi-fractal nature of inter-chromosomal geometry may facilitate viable large-scale chromosomal aberrations, such as Robertsonian translocation. Next, based on inter-chromosomal geometry, we also report that this average multi-fractal dimension in nocturnal mammals is distinct from diurnal ones, and our result seems to corroborate the plasticity of the inter-chromosomal arrangement reported among nocturnal species. (For example, the arrangement of heterochromatin versus euchromatin in rod photoreceptor and fibroblast cells ofMus musculusis inverted.) Altogether, our results substantiate that genome-level constraints have also co-evolved with the average pan-nuclear fractal dimension of inter-chromosomal folding during eukaryotic evolution.
Estimation of time-varying decision thresholds from the choice and reaction times with no assumption on the shape
Authors: Kang Yul Hyoung Ryul 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWhen a decision is made based on a series of samples of evidence, the threshold for decision may change over time. Here we propose a fast heuristic algorithm that estimates the time-varying thresholds without making an assumption on their shape. The algorithm gives an approximate best estimate of the time-varying thresholds for all time considered when all other parameters are fixed. The algorithm outperforms conventional methods that gradually adjust the threshold estimates during fitting, when fitting time is limited.
DMAP – Graphical representation of physical and genetic map correlation
Authors: Martin David M.A. , Bryan Glenn 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNext-generation sequencing approaches coupled with appropriate assembly software can provide draft genome sequences of complex organisms as a series of unordered contigs in a timely and cost effective manner. Likewise, high throughput mapping technologies such as DArT and SNP platforms can provide a high density of sequence-anchored markers with which high resolution genetic maps can be constructed. Visualising and interpreting these data requires a new generation of tools as the volume of data leads to considerable redundancy and information overload in graphical representation. DMAP provides a highly configurable visual representation of physical and genetic map correlation, reducing data representation to an aesthetically acceptable degree. It also calculates an optimal orientation for the ordered sequence contigs, highlighting markers that are anomalous and contigs which may be in erroneous positions. Output is as PDF, allowing subsequent refinement prior to print publication and vector based representation for online supplementary figures. The perl scripts have few dependencies and code is freely available under a creative commons license (CC-BY) from the author’s GitHub repository athttp://github.com/davidmam/DMAP.git.
Work-family studies in the tourism and hospitality contexts
Authors: Zhao Xinyuan (Roy) 
Published: November 2016

PurposeThis review aims to summarize previous research on work–family relationships in the tourism and hospitality contexts. It then integrates the various approaches into a holistic model and identifies important areas for future research.Design/methodology/approachOver 150 research papers from the past 20 years were retrieved from Elsevier Science Direct, SAGE, Emerald, Taylor & Francis and EBSCOHost. In total, 77 papers reporting empirical research were analyzed in terms of concepts, theories, antecedents, consequences and methods.FindingsThe major findings on work and family issues in the tourism and hospitality contexts were synthesized. Critical topics for future research were identified. A holistic model of the factors that affect work and family was developed to improve the consistency of future research.Research limitations/implicationsAn overview of work–family studies will provide a solid research background to tourism and hospitality faculty members and graduate students who are considering research in this area. This paper is a general review of previous research, and the review focus is relatively global.Originality/valueThis paper is the first comprehensive summary and narrative review of work and family studies in tourism and hospitality.
Night markets: entrepreneurship and achieving competitive advantage
Authors: Liu Chih-Hsing Sam , Fang Yen-Po 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to propose a new model and examine how night market entrepreneurs have achieved a competitive advantage in strongly competitive markets.

Design/methodology/approach
Two statistics methods, multiple regression analysis and structural equation models (SEM), were used to test the hypotheses for a sample of 346 vendor cases.

Findings
The results indicate that competitive aggressiveness and being proactive are positively related to risk-taking among night market vendors, which, in turn, has a positive effect on innovativeness. Further, the findings also indicate that risk-taking positively influences innovativeness and, in a mediating role, also affects competitive advantages through innovativeness.

Practical implications
Results of this study suggest that if night market entrepreneurs demonstrate innovativeness, positively develop new products and new services and attract customers to buy them, then they will have unique and attractiveness in the night markets, thus giving themselves relative competitive advantage.

Originality/value
This research is the first comprehensive examination of entrepreneurship among night market entrepreneurs to study the competitive advantages of different facets, which may provide a benchmark for future studies.
Exploring the effective restaurant CrM ad
Authors: Kim Sung-Bum , Kim Kathleen Jeehyae , Kim Dae-Young 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
This experimental study aims to examine the effectiveness of cause-related marketing messages that incorporate both text and visuals, as compared to messages comprised solely of text, on the attitudes and behavioral intentions of restaurant customers, and to see if the impact varies across four categories of social causes (health, animal welfare, human services and the environment).

Design/methodology/approach
This experimental study uses a 2 (type of message) × 4 (cause category) between-subjects design.

Findings
Restaurant messages that combine text and visuals are more effective than restaurant messages with only text in engendering positive attitudinal and behavioral responses. This paper also found interaction effects between advertisement type and cause category on individuals’ responses (i.e. attitudes and behavioral intentions).

Practical implications
The messaging strategies suggested by this research will allow the restaurant industry to capitalize on the value of cause-related marketing initiatives.

Originality/value
This research contributes to the hospitality literature by expanding the realm of research on effective cause-related marketing initiatives.