bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone and cortical bone thickness of mandibular buccal shelf for mini-screw insertion in adults
Authors: Nucera Riccardo , Lo Giudice Antonino , Bellocchio Angela Mirea , Spinuzza Paola , Caprioglio Alberto , Perillo Letizia , Matarese Giovanni , Cordasco Giancarlo 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTObjective:To analyze the buccal bone thickness, bone depth, and cortical bone depth of the mandibular buccal shelf (MBS) to determine the most suitable sites of the MBS for mini-screw insertion.Materials and Methods:The sample included cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) records of 30 adult subjects (mean age 30.9 ± 7.0 years) evaluated retrospectively. All CBCT examinations were performed with the i-CAT CBCT scanner. Each exam was converted into DICOM format and processed with OsiriX Medical Imaging software. Proper view sections of the MBS were obtained for quantitative and qualitative evaluation of bone characteristics.Results:Mesial and distal second molar root scan sections showed enough buccal bone for mini-screw insertion. The evaluation of bone depth was performed at 4 and 6 mm buccally to the cementoenamel junction. The mesial root of the mandibular second molar at 4 and 6 mm showed average bone depths of 18.51 mm and 14.14 mm, respectively. The distal root of the mandibular second molar showed average bone depths of 19.91 mm and 16.5 mm, respectively. All sites showed cortical bone depth thickness greater than 2 mm.Conclusions:Specific sites of the MBS offer enough bone quantity and adequate bone quality for mini-screw insertion. The insertion site with the optimal anatomic characteristics is the buccal bone corresponding to the distal root of second molar, with screw insertion 4 mm buccal to the cementoenamel junction. Considering the cortical bone thickness of optimal insertion sites, pre-drilling is always recommended in order to avoid high insertion torque.
Patients With Diabetes Without Significant Angiographic Coronary Artery Disease Have the Same Risk of Myocardial Infarction as Patients Without Diabetes in a Real-World Population Receiving Appropriate Prophylactic Treatment
Authors: Olesen Kevin K.W. , Madsen Morten , Egholm Gro , Thim Troels , Jensen Lisette O. , Raungaard Bent , Bøtker Hans E. , Sørensen Henrik T. , Maeng Michael 
Published: June 2017

OBJECTIVE
The risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with diabetes is greater than for patients without diabetes. Consequently, prophylactic treatment is recommended for patients with diabetes and risk factors for ischemic heart disease. We aimed to estimate the risk of adverse cardiac events in patients with and without diabetes with and without coronary artery disease (CAD) after coronary angiography (CAG).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A population-based cohort of patients registered in the Western Denmark Heart Registry who underwent CAG between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2012 was stratified according to the presence or absence of obstructive CAD and diabetes. End points were death, cardiac death, and MI. Unadjusted and adjusted rate ratios (RRs) were calculated by using patients without diabetes and without CAD as the reference group.

RESULTS
We included 93,866 patients of whom 12,544 (13.4%) had diabetes at the time of CAG. Median follow-up was 4.1 years. Patients with and without diabetes without obstructive CAD had the same adjusted risk of death (RR 1.03 [95% CI 0.92–1.15]), cardiac death (RR 1.21 [95% CI 0.90–1.64]), and MI (RR 0.88 [95% CI 0.65–1.17]). Patients with diabetes without CAD were more often treated with statins (75.3% vs. 46.0%) and aspirin (65.7% vs. 52.7%) than patients without diabetes and CAD.

CONCLUSIONS
In a real-world population, patients with diabetes with high rates of statin and aspirin treatment had the same risk of cardiovascular events as patients without diabetes in the absence of angiographically significant CAD.
Buth Savong y la nueva proliferación de reliquias en Camboya
Authors: Marston John 
Published: June 2017

El artículo describe el movimiento en Camboya en torno del líder budista laico Buth Savong, quien adquirió prominencia en el país desde la década de 1990. Entre las características del movimiento está la atención prestada a la organización espacial de los templos y asram afiliados a Buth Savong y el interés en la instalación de las reliquias de Buda. El artículo expone el movimiento en el contexto del cambio sociopolítico de Camboya y discute la implicación de este nuevo interés en las reliquias con base en tres estudios de caso.
El liderazgo político en la presidencia de Felipe Calderón (2006-2012).
Authors: Luis Méndez José 
Published: June 2017

Los presidentes enfrentan el problema de ejercer un liderazgo que tiene naturaleza elusiva, que es difícil de entender y alcanzar, y que implica oportunidades y riesgos. Los gobernantes pueden afrontar más efectivamente dichas cuestiones, y los académicos y ciudadanos evaluarlos mejor, si conciben el liderazgo como “actuación estratégica”. Para sostener lo anterior, se plantean tres elementos: “agenda pertinente”, “palanqueo inclusivo” y “estilo decisorio equilibrado”. Con base en lo anterior se analiza el gobierno de Felipe Calderón, y se concluye que no ejerció un liderazgo político.
H7N9 not only endanger human health but also hit stock marketing
Authors: Sun Wenjie 
Published: June 2017

Objective: This study aims to discuss the correlation between daily reported H7N9 cases and stock price indices in China.
Methods: Information on daily reported H7N9 cases and stock market sectors indices between February 19, 2013 and March 31, 2014 were collected. A distributed lag non-linear model was used to describe the variation trend for the stock indices
Results: The daily reported number of H7N9 cases was associated with the closing price of the Avian Influenza Sector Index (P < 0.05) and the opening price of the Shanghai Composite Index (P = 0.029). The Avian Influenza Sector Index decreased with increasing of daily reported case number when daily reported cases ? 4. Case number was associated with the opening/closing price of the Chinese Traditional Medicine Sector Index, the Biological Product Sector Index, and the Biomedicine Sector Index (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: New or reemerging infectious diseases epidemic cause economic loss which is reflected in movements in stock prices.
Risk factors associated with postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak after endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery
Authors: Fraser Shannon , Gardner Paul A. , Koutourousiou Maria , Kubik Mark , Fernandez-Miranda Juan C. , Snyderman Carl H. , Wang Eric W. 
Published: June 2017

OBJECTIVEThe aim in this paper was to determine risk factors for the development of a postoperative CSF leak after an endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) for resection of skull base tumors.METHODSA retrospective review of patients who underwent EEA for the resection of intradural pathology between January 1997 and June 2012 was performed. Basic demographic data were collected, along with patient body mass index (BMI), tumor pathology, reconstruction technique, lumbar drainage, and outcomes.RESULTSOf the 615 patients studied, 103 developed a postoperative CSF leak (16.7%). Sex and perioperative lumbar drainage did not affect CSF leakage rates. Posterior fossa tumors had the highest rate of CSF leakage (32.6%), followed by anterior skull base lesions (21.0%) and sellar/suprasellar lesions (9.9%) (p < 0.0001). There was a higher leakage rate for overweight and obese patients (BMI > 25 kg/m2) than for those with a healthy-weight BMI (18.7% vs 11.5%; p = 0.04). Patients in whom a pedicled vascularized flap was used for reconstruction had a lower leakage rate than those in whom a free graft was used (13.5% vs 27.8%; p = 0.0015). In patients with a BMI > 25 kg/m2, the use of a pedicled flap reduced the rate of CSF leakage from 29.5% to 15.0% (p = 0.001); in patients of normal weight, this reduction did not reach statistical significance (21.9% [pedicled flap] vs 9.2% [free graft]; p = 0.09).CONCLUSIONSPreoperative BMI > 25 kg/m2 and tumor location in the posterior fossa were associated with higher rates of postoperative CSF leak. Use of a pedicled vascularized flap may be associated with reduced risk of a CSF leak, particularly in overweight patients.
Demographic and clinical predictors of multiple intracranial aneurysms in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: McDowell Michael M. , Zhao Yin , Kellner Christopher P. , Barton Sunjay M. , Sussman Eric , Claassen Jan , Ducruet Andrew F. , Connolly E. Sander 
Published: June 2017

OBJECTIVEPathophysiological differences that underlie the development and subsequent growth of multiple aneurysms may exist. In this study, the authors assessed the factors associated with the occurrence of multiple aneurysms in patients presenting with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).METHODSConsecutive patients presenting with aneurysmal SAH between 1996 and 2012 were prospectively enrolled in the Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Outcome Project. Patients harboring 1, 2, or 3 or more aneurysms were stratified into groups, and the clinical and radiological characteristics of each group were compared using multivariate logistic regression.RESULTSOf 1277 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms, 890 had 1 aneurysm, 267 had 2 aneurysms, and 120 had 3 or more aneurysms. On multinomial regression using the single-aneurysm cohort as base case, risk factors for patients presenting with 2 aneurysms were female sex (relative risk ratio [RRR] 1.80, p < 0.001), higher body mass index (BMI) (RRR 1.02, p = 0.003), more years of smoking (RRR = 1.01, p = 0.004), and black race (RRR 1.83, p = 0.001). The risk factors for patients presenting with 3 or more aneurysms were female sex (RRR 3.10, p < 0.001), higher BMI (RRR 1.03, p < 0.001), aneurysm in the posterior circulation (RRR 2.59, p < 0.001), and black race (RRR 2.15, p = 0.001). Female sex, longer smoking history, aneurysms in the posterior circulation, BMI, and black race were independently associated with the development of multiple aneurysms in our adjusted multivariate multinomial model.CONCLUSIONSSignificant demographic and clinical differences are found between patients presenting with single and multiple aneurysms in the setting of aneurysmal SAH. These predictors of multiple aneurysms likely reflect a predisposition toward inflammation and endothelial injury.
Stereotactic body radiotherapy for de novo spinal metastases: systematic review
Authors: Husain Zain A. , Sahgal Arjun , De Salles Antonio , Funaro Melissa , Glover Janis , Hayashi Motohiro , Hiraoka Masahiro , Levivier Marc , Ma Lijun , Martínez-Alvarez Roberto , Paddick J. Ian , Régis Jean , Slotman Ben J. , Ryu Samuel 
Published: June 2017

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this systematic review was to provide an objective summary of the published literature pertaining to the use of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) specific to previously untreated spinal metastases.METHODSThe authors performed a systematic review, using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, of the literature found in a search of Medline, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library up to March 2015. The search strategy was limited to publications in the English language.RESULTSA total of 14 full-text articles were included in the analysis. All studies were retrospective except for 2 studies, which were prospective. A total of 1024 treated spinal lesions were analyzed. The median follow-up time ranged from 9 to 49 months. A range of dose-fractionation schemes was used, the most common of which were 16–24 Gy/1 fraction (fx), 24 Gy/2 fx, 24–27 Gy/3 fx, and 30–35 Gy/5 fx. In studies that reported crude results regarding in-field local tumor control, 346 (85%) of 407 lesions remained controlled. For studies that reported actuarial values, the weighted average revealed a 90% 1-year local control rate. Only 3 studies reported data on complete pain response, and the weighted average of these results yielded a complete pain response rate of 54%. The most common toxicity was new or progressing vertebral compression fracture, which was observed in 9.4% of cases; 2 cases (0.2%) of neurologic injury were reported.CONCLUSIONThere is a paucity of prospective data specific to SBRT in patients with spinal metastases not otherwise irradiated. This systematic review found that SBRT is associated with favorable rates of local control (approximately 90% at 1 year) and complete pain response (approximately 50%), and low rates of serious adverse events were found. Practice guidelines are summarized based on these data and International Stereotactic Radiosurgery Society consensus.
Spinal navigation for posterior instrumentation of C1–2 instability using a mobile intraoperative CT scanner
Authors: Czabanka Marcus , Haemmerli Julien , Hecht Nils , Foehre Bettina , Arden Klaus , Liebig Thomas , Woitzik Johannes , Vajkoczy Peter 
Published: June 2017

OBJECTIVESpinal navigation techniques for surgical fixation of unstable C1–2 pathologies are challenged by complex osseous and neurovascular anatomy, instability of the pathology, and unreliable preoperative registration techniques. An intraoperative CT scanner with autoregistration of C-1 and C-2 promises sufficient accuracy of spinal navigation without the need for further registration procedures. The aim of this study was to analyze the accuracy and reliability of posterior C1–2 fixation using intraoperative mobile CT scanner–guided navigation.METHODSIn the period from July 2014 to February 2016, 10 consecutive patients with instability of C1–2 underwent posterior fixation using C-2 pedicle screws and C-1 lateral mass screws, and 2 patients underwent posterior fixation from C-1 to C-3. Spinal navigation was performed using intraoperative mobile CT. Following navigated screw insertion in C-1 and C-2, intraoperative CT was repeated to check for the accuracy of screw placement. In this study, the accuracy of screw positioning was retrospectively analyzed and graded by an independent observer.RESULTSThe authors retrospectively analyzed the records of 10 females and 2 males, with a mean age of 80.7 ± 4.95 years (range 42–90 years). Unstable pathologies, which were verified by fracture dislocation or by flexion/extension radiographs, included 8 Anderson Type II fractures, 1 unstable Anderson Type III fracture, 1 hangman fracture Levine Effendi Ia, 1 complex hangman-Anderson Type III fracture, and 1 destructive rheumatoid arthritis of C1–2. In 4 patients, critical anatomy was observed: high-riding vertebral artery (3 patients) and arthritis-induced partial osseous destruction of the C-1 lateral mass (1 patient). A total of 48 navigated screws were placed. Correct screw positioning was observed in 47 screws (97.9%). Minor pedicle breach was observed in 1 screw (2.1%). No screw displacement occurred (accuracy rate 97.9%).CONCLUSIONSpinal navigation using intraoperative mobile CT scanning was reliable and safe for posterior fixation in unstable C1–2 pathologies with high accuracy in this patient series.
Do cell based tissue engineering products for meniscus regeneration influence vascularization?
Authors: Koch Matthias , Ehrenreich Tobias , Koehl Gudrun , Pattappa Girish , Pfeifer Christian , Loibl Markus , Müller Michael , Nerlich Michael , Angele Peter , Zellner Johannes 
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND: Meniscus regeneration is observed within the peripheral, vascularized zone but decreases in the inner two thirds alongside the vascularization. Within this avascular area, cell-based tissue-engineering-approaches appear to be a promising strategy for the treatment of meniscal defects. OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the angiogenic potential of cell-based tissue-engineering-products for meniscus healing. METHODS: Evaluation of angiogenesis induced by rabbit meniscus-pellets, meniscus-cells (MC) or mesenchymal stem-cells (MSC) in cell-based tissue-engineering-products within a rabbit meniscus-ring was performed using a transparent dorsal skin fold chamber in nude mice. Observations were undertaken during a 14 days period. Cell preconditioning differed between experimental groups. Immunohistochemical analysis of the regenerated tissue in the meniscus-ring induced by cell loaded composite scaffolds for differentiation and anti-angiogenic factors were performed. RESULTS: Meniscus-pellets and MSC-/MC-based tissue-engineering-products induced angiogenesis. An accelerated vascularization was detected in the group of meniscus-pellets derived from the vascularized zone compared to avascular meniscus-pellets. In terms of cell-based tissue-engineering-products, chondrogenic preconditioning resulted in significantly increased vessel growth. MSC-constructs showed an accelerated angiogenesis. Immunohistochemical evaluation showed a progressive differentiation and lower content for anti-angiogenic endostatin in the precultured group. CONCLUSIONS: Preconditioning of MC-/MSC-based tissue-engineering-products is a promising tool to influence the angiogenic potential of tissue-engineering-products and to adapt these properties according to the aimed tissue qualities.
Analysis of Azithromycin Monohydrate as a Single or a Combinatorial Therapy in a Mouse Model of Severe Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Authors: Osman Erkan Y. , Washington Charles W. , Simon Madeline E. , Megiddo Dalia , Greif Hagar , Lorson Christian L. 
Published: June 2017

Background: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neurodegenerative autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the loss of α-motor neurons. A variety of molecular pathways are being investigated to elevate SMN protein expression in SMA models and in the clinic. One of these approaches involves stabilizing the SMN Δ7 protein by inducing translational read-through. Previous studies have demonstrated that functionality and stability are partially restored to the otherwise unstable SMN Δ7 by the addition of non-specific C-terminal peptide sequences, or by inducing a similar molecular event through the use of read-through inducing compounds such as aminoglycosides. Objective: The objective was to determine the efficacy of the macrolide Azithromycin (AZM), an FDA approved read-through-inducing compound, in the well-established severe mouse model of SMA. Methods: Initially, dosing regimen following ICV administrations of AZM at different post-natal days and concentrations was determined by their impact on SMN levels in disease-relevant tissues. Selected dose was then tested for phenotypic parameters changes as compared to the appropriate controls and in conjugation to another therapy. Results: AZM increases SMN protein in disease relevant tissues, however, this did not translate into similar improvements in the SMA phenotype in a severe mouse model of SMA. Co-administration of AZM and a previously developed antisense oligonucleotide that increases SMN2 splicing, resulted in an improvement in the SMA phenotype beyond either AZM or ASO alone, including a highly significant extension in survival with improvement in body weight and movement. Conclusions: It is important to explore various approaches for SMA therapeutics, hence compounds that specifically induce SMN Δ7 read-through, without having prohibitive toxicity, may provide an alternative platform for a combinatorial treatment. Here we established that AZM activity at a low dose can increase SMN protein in disease-relevant animal model and can impact disease severity.
Molecular Analysis of HLA-DR and Their Association with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Khatun Sumaiya , Saleh Ahmed Abu , Roy Chandan Kumar , Khan Shafinaj , Pal Suparna , Sattar Humayun 
Published: June 2017

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that develops within a complex network of genetic and immunologic factors. Both genetic and environmental factors strongly influence the development of SLE. But genetic factors are more important both in determining the overall susceptibility to SLE and in influencing immunologic heterogenecity in affected subjects. Now it is accepted that major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes particularly HLA (Human leukocyte antigen) class II constitute a part of the genetic factor for susceptibility to develop SLE. To determine the association of HLA-DR antigens with SLE, this case-control study was conducted over a period of twelve months from March 2013 in Dhaka. Buccal swabs for HLA-DR typing were collected from 46 SLE cases and 46 age and sex matched unrelated healthy controls. HLA-DR typing was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with sequence specific primers. Among 46 cases, female versus male ration was 22: 1 and mean age at study entry was 27.05 ± 8.17 years, ranging from 12.5  45 years. A total of 10 (HLA-DR1 to DR10) HLA antigens were determined in both cases and controls. The most frequent HLA-DR observed among cases was DR2 (86.96%) followed by DR7 (41.30%). When compared with healthy controls, the HLA-DR2 was significantly associated with SLE (p ?0.05, RR: 4.6914, 95% CI: 1.658 to 13.267). No other HLA-DR had significant association with SLE. No association of HLA-DR was observed with age of onset of disease among SLE cases. Results of the study reveal that HLA-DR2 gene is a risk factor for development of SLE in Bangladeshi population.
Role of MDCT Scan in the Evaluation of Pancreatic Mass with Histopathological Correlation
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Sazzad , Saha Partho Protim , Jahan Mahmood Uz , Sharmin Sadia , Afrin Rawnak , Yesmin Lovely 
Published: June 2017

Diagonstic imaging plays a critical role in evaluation of the adenocarcinoma of the pancreas- the 4th leading cause of death for the cancer globally. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in evaluation of pancreatic tumors. The prospective and study was carried out in Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period of July, 2013 to December 2014. Amongst 47 publish with suspected pancreatic lesion (having positive CT scan findings). Patients underwent histopathology of their lesions, the report of which was used as gold standard for comparing the role of CT scan in evaluating such lesions. Pancreatic disease was found to be more prevalent in males. The commonest age group was 56-65 years. On the average malignant lesions were more common in elder age group than the benign ones. Head of the pancreas was the commonest site for malignant pancreatic mass. Main pancreatic duct (MPD) dilatation was found to be a harbinger for malignant condition of pancreas. 72.3% patients showed MPD dilatation most of which proved to be malignant. Some 45% patients showed common bile duct (CBD) dilatation all of which presented clinically with jaundice. Out of 47 patients 33 (60.3%) were diagnosed to have malignant lesions while 14 (39.7%) had benign lesions. Finding of the study suggest that CT scan may be a useful tool for assessing and changing of Parcrease mass lesions.
COLD CHAMBER DIE CASTING OF ALUMINIUM ALLOY: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Singh Rupinder 
Published: June 2017

In the present work cold chamber die casting solution of Al alloy has been investigated as a case study of industrial component (crankcase). The study presented in this paper is based upon Taguchi based model on dimensional accuracy in cold chamber die casting. The castings prepared at proposed parametric settings have been studied for functional validation of the parts, as per statistical control point of view. The result of study highlights significant improvement in dimensional accuracy (as regards to statistical process control isconcerned) at proposed parametric settings of cold chamber die casting process.