bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practitioner and scientist perceptions of successful amphibian conservation
Authors: Meredith Helen M.R. , St. John Freya A.V. , Collen Ben , Black Simon A. , Griffiths Richard A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractConservation requires successful outcomes. However, success is perceived in many different ways depending on the desired outcome. Through a questionnaire survey, we examined perceptions of success among 355 scientists and practitioners working on amphibian conservation from over 150 organizations in more than 50 countries. We also sought to identify how different types of conservation actions and respondent experience and background influenced perceptions. Respondents identified 4 types of success: species and habitat improvements (84% of respondents); effective program management (36%); outreach initiatives such as education and public engagement (25%); and the application of science‐based conservation (15%). The most significant factor influencing overall perceived success was reducing threats. Capacity building was rated least important. Perceptions were influenced by experience, professional affiliation, involvement in conservation practice, and country of residence. More experienced practitioners associated success with improvements to species and habitats and less so with education and engagement initiatives. Although science‐based conservation was rated as important, this factor declined in importance as the number of programs a respondent participated in increased, particularly among those from less economically developed countries. The ultimate measure of conservation success—population recovery—may be difficult to measure in many amphibians; difficult to relate to the conservation actions intended to drive it; and difficult to achieve within conventional funding time frames. The relaunched Amphibian Conservation Action Plan provides a framework for capturing lower level processes and outcomes, identifying gaps, and measuring progress.
Effects of elevated CO2 on life‐history traits of three successive generations of Frankliniella occidentalis and F. intonsa on kidney bean, Phaseolus vulgaris
Authors: Qian Lei , Chen Fajun , Liu Jiani , He Shuqi , Liu Jianye , Li Zhengyue , Gui Furong 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine how elevated CO2 impacts on life‐history traits and life table parameters in three successive generations of invasive species Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and its related native species, Frankliniella intonsa (Pergande), fed with kidney bean leaves grown in ambient CO2. The oviposition period, sex ratio, net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (rm), and finite rate of increase (λ) of F. occidentalis increased in elevated CO2, and larval duration, survival rate, mean generation time (T), and population doubling time (DT) decreased. For F. intonsa, larval duration, survival rate, oviposition period, longevity of female adults, R0, rm, and λ decreased in elevated CO2, whereas sex ratio, T, and DT increased. These results indicated that the effects of elevated CO2 would be beneficial to F. occidentalis, whereas it would be detrimental to F. intonsa. However, the effects of elevated CO2 on F. occidentalis and F. intonsa differed over generations. In elevated CO2, larval duration, survival rate, oviposition period, sex ratio, rm, and λ of F. occidentalis increased linearly through successive generations, whereas T and DT decreased linearly, which suggested that the effects of elevated CO2 on F. occidentalis would be slowly accentuated over time. For F. intonsa, larval duration, survival rate, oviposition period, rm, and λ decreased linearly over generations, whereas sex ratio, T, and DT increased linearly. This indicated that the effects of elevated CO2 on F. intonsa would slowly accentuate over time. We conclude that F. occidentalis would be more adapted to elevated CO2 than F. intonsa.
Neural correlates of food anticipatory activity in mice subjected to once‐ or twice‐daily feeding periods
Authors: Rastogi Ashutosh , Mintz Eric M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn rodents, restricted food access to a limited period each day at a predictable time results in the appearance of food anticipatory activity (FAA). Two shorter periods of food access each day can result in two FAA bouts. In this study, we examine FAA under 12:12 and 18:6 photoperiods in mice (Mus musculus) with one or two food access periods per day and measure the activation of the suprachiasmatic, dorsomedial and arcuate nuclei by assaying Fos protein expression, while making use of tissue‐type plasminogen activator knockout mice to assess the role of neural plasticity in adaptation to restricted feeding cycles. Long days were utilised to allow for temporal separation of two restricted feeding periods during the light phase. Mice fed twice per day generally divided FAA into two distinct bouts, with mice lacking tissue‐type plasminogen activator showing reduced FAA. Increases in Fos expression in response to one restricted feeding period per day were seen in the dorsomedial and arcuate nuclei in both 12:12 and 18:6 conditions, with an increase seen in the SCN in only the 12:12 condition. These increases were eliminated or reduced in the two feeding time conditions (done in 18:6 only). Both activity patterns and Fos expression differed for single restricted feeding times between 18:6 and 12:12 photoperiods. Fos activation was lower during RF in 18:6 than 12:12 across all three brain regions, a pattern not reflective of changes in FAA. These data suggest that involvement of these regions in FAA may be influenced by photoperiodic context.
Strong long‐range temporal correlations of beta/gamma oscillations are associated with poor sustained visual attention performance
Authors: Irrmischer Mona , Poil Simon‐Shlomo , Mansvelder Huibert D. , Intra Francesca Sangiuliano , Linkenkaer‐Hansen Klaus 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNeuronal oscillations exhibit complex amplitude fluctuations with autocorrelations that persist over thousands of oscillatory cycles. Such long‐range temporal correlations (LRTC) are thought to reflect neuronal systems poised near a critical state, which would render them capable of quick reorganization and responsive to changing processing demands. When we concentrate, however, the influence of internal and external sources of distraction is better reduced, suggesting that neuronal systems involved with sustained attention could benefit from a shift toward the less volatile sub‐critical state. To test these ideas, we recorded electroencephalography (EEG) from healthy volunteers during eyes‐closed rest and during a sustained attention task requiring a speeded response to images deviating in their presentation duration. We show that for oscillations recorded during rest, high levels of alpha‐bandLRTCin the sensorimotor region predicted good reaction‐time performance in the attention task. During task execution, however, fast reaction times were associated with high‐amplitude beta and gamma oscillations with lowLRTC. Finally, we show that reducedLRTCduring the attention task compared to the rest condition correlates with better performance, while increasedLRTCof oscillations from rest to attention is associated with reduced performance. To our knowledge, this is the first empirical evidence that ‘resting‐state criticality’ of neuronal networks predicts swift behavioral responses in a sensorimotor task, and that steady attentive processing of visual stimuli requires brain dynamics with suppressed temporal complexity.
Self‐perceived mouthfeel and physico‐chemical surface effects after chewing gums containing sorbitol and Magnolia bark extract
Authors: Wessel Stefan W. , van der Mei Henny C. , Slomp Anje M. , van de Belt‐Gritter Betsy , Dodds Michael W. J. , Busscher Henk J. 
Published: August 2017

The European Food Safety Authority recognizes the contribution of sugar‐free chewing gum to oral health through increased salivation, clearance of food debris, and neutralization of biofilm pH. Magnolia bark extract is a gum additive shown to reduce the prevalence of bad‐breath bacteria but its effects on self‐perceived mouthfeel are unknown. This paper aims to relate the effects of sorbitol‐containing chewing gum, with and without Magnolia bark extract, on tooth‐surface hydrophobicity and salivary‐film composition with self‐perceived mouthfeel. In a crossover clinical trial, volunteers chewed sorbitol‐containing gum, with or without Magnolia bark extract added, three times daily during a 4‐wk time period. A subset of volunteers also chewed Parafilm as a mastication control. Oral moistness and tooth smoothness were assessed using questionnaires, and intra‐oral water‐contact angles were measured before, immediately after, and 60 min after, chewing. Simultaneously, saliva samples were collected, placed on glass slides, and the compositions of the adsorbed film were measured using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Chewing of gum, regardless of whether or not it contained Magnolia bark extract, improved self‐perceived mouthfeel up to 60 min, concurrent with a more hydrophilic tooth surface and an increased amount of O1s electrons bound at 532.6 eV in salivary films. Chewing of Parafilm affected neither tooth‐surface hydrophobicity nor salivary‐film composition. Accordingly, adsorption of sorbitol, rather than the presence of Magnolia bark extract or increased salivation, is responsible for improved self‐perceived mouthfeel.
CD11b‐deficient mice exhibit an increased severity in the late phase of antibody transfer‐induced experimental epidermolysis bullosa acquisita
Authors: Deng Fengyuan , Chen Yan , Zheng Junfeng , Huang Qiaoniang , Cao Xuetao , Zillikens Detlef , Petersen Frank , Yu Xinhua 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCD11b, the α‐chain of β2 integrin Mac‐1, is involved in many activation processes of phagocytes. Depending on the respective autoimmune disorder, CD11b has been shown to exert pro‐inflammatory functions or be dispensable in their pathogenesis. Here, we investigated the role of CD11b in the pathogenesis of experimental epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA), an autoimmune skin blistering disease mediated by autoantibodies to type VII collagen. Unexpectedly, in an antibody transfer‐induced model of EBA, CD11b‐deficient mice developed more severe disease symptoms than wild‐type mice in the late phase of the disease. Furthermore, as compared to wild‐type controls, CD11b‐deficient mice expressed increased levels of circulating IFN‐γ and IL‐4. Taken together, for the first time, our results suggest an anti‐inflammatory role for CD11b in experimental autoimmune diseases.
Handelsblatt Ranking and Journal Quality: A Cautionary Note
Authors: Önder Ali Sina 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
I provide a brief discussion of the Handelsblatt ranking by focusing on its journal quality weights. I summarize the methodology underlying journals’ prestige measure, which is derived from their citation networks, and discuss its strengths and shortcomings. Although I agree that Handelsblatt ranking provides a great service to the profession, that same profession needs to be rather careful not to overemphasize the journal quality weights.
Association between potentially inappropriate medications and anxiety in Japanese older patients
Authors: Masumoto Shoichi , Sato Mikiya , Maeno Takami , Ichinohe Yumiko , Maeno Tetsuhiro 
Published: August 2017

AimThe use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) for older patients is a major public health problem. However, there is little information regarding PIMs in Japanese primary care settings, and the association between psychological problems and PIMs is unknown. The present study was carried out to explore the prevalence of PIMs among older patients in a primary care setting in Tokyo, and to assess the association between PIMs and depression and anxiety.MethodsA cross‐sectional study in a Japanese outpatient clinic providing primary care was carried out. Data were collected from January 2016 to March 2016. A total of 740 patients aged ≥65 years with chronic diseases were enrolled. Information regarding sociodemographic status, comorbidities, and prescription and psychological status was collected using a questionnaire that patients were required to complete, and by reviewing the patients’ medical records.ResultsThe Screening Tool of Older Person's Prescriptions criteria version 2 revealed PIM prescription for 32.3% of patients. Benzodiazepines, hypnotic Z‐drugs and proton pump inhibitors accounted for a majority of PIMs. After adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities, estimated glomerular filtration rate and the number of medications, anxiety was identified as a predictor for PIMs.ConclusionsPIMs among older patients are common in Japanese primary care settings, and prescription of benzodiazepines or hypnotic Z‐drugs and proton pump inhibitors was frequent as PIMs. PIMs might be associated with anxiety; therefore, their association should be focused on and addressed to reduce PIMs. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2520–2526.
Nutritional supplementation for activities of daily living and functional ability of older people in residential facilities: A systematic review
Authors: Tsuboi Marika , Momosaki Ryo , Vakili Mahdis , Abo Masahiro 
Published: August 2017

AimTo review the best available evidence on nutritional supplementation for activities of daily living and functional ability of older people in residential facilities.MethodsElectronic searches were carried out using CENTRAL, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases for the years 2006–2016. Randomized controlled trials and cluster‐randomized controlled trials that examined the effects of nutrition interventions aimed at improving the energy or protein intake alone or both in combination were included. Two authors independently reviewed all potential studies for inclusion against the eligibility criteria. We reviewed studies for outcome relevance and methodological rigor. Any disagreement was resolved by discussion.ResultsA total of eight studies were included, containing four randomized controlled trials and four cluster‐randomized controlled trials involving 698 participants. There was significant improvement in handgrip strength (mean difference 1.65 kg, 95% confidence interval 0.09–3.22 kg, P = 0.04), but no difference in activities of daily living (mean difference 2.06, 95% confidence interval −18.28–22.40, P = 0.84), balance (mean difference −1.10, 95% confidence interval −3.04–0.84, P = 0.27), gait velocity (mean difference 0.00, 95% confidence interval −0.03–0.03, P = 1.00) and death (RR 1.90, 95% confidence interval 0.61–5.99, P = 0.27).ConclusionsNutritional intervention with older people in residential facilities was effective in improving handgrip strength, but did not significantly improve scores for activities of daily living, balance, gait velocity or preventing death. Further studies with larger sample sizes and of high quality are required to investigate appropriate intervention methods and specific target participants. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 197–210.
Clinical characteristics of stroke occurring in the toilet: Are older adults more vulnerable?
Authors: Inamasu Joji , Tomiyasu Kazuhiro , Miyatake Satoru , Mayanagi Keita , Yoshii Masami , Nakatsukasa Masashi 
Published: August 2017

AimWhile autonomic imbalance during defecation/micturition can cause hemodynamic instability, stroke occurring in the toilet has rarely been investigated. The objective of the present study was to clarify the frequency and clinical characteristics of toilet‐related stroke.MethodsClinical data prospectively acquired between January 2011 and December 2015 on 1939 patients with acute stroke (1224 cerebral infarctions [CI], 505 intracerebral hemorrhages [ICH] and 210 subarachnoid hemorrhages [SAH]) were reviewed to identify patients with a toilet‐related stroke. For each stroke type, the ratios of stroke occurring during defecation/micturition to those occurring during other activities were calculated. Subsequently, how patients with toilet‐related stroke were brought to medical attention was investigated. Whether older patients (aged >65 years) had an elevated ratio of toilet‐related stroke was investigated in each stroke type.ResultsA total of 108 patients (41 CI, 37 ICH and 30 subarachnoid hemorrhages) sustained a stroke in the toilet. The ratio of toilet‐related stroke was highest in subarachnoid hemorrhages (14.3%), followed by ICH (7.3%). Circadian differences existed among the three stroke types: toilet‐related CI were more likely to occur in the night‐time than ICH. Patients with toilet‐related CI were significantly more likely to sustain cardioembolic stroke. In all three stroke types, <40% of patients could call for help by themselves. Older patients showed a significantly higher proportion of toilet‐related stroke in CI, but not in hemorrhagic strokes.ConclusionsThe toilet is a closed space where stroke occurs disproportionately frequently. Effort to reduce the incidence of toilet‐related strokes is warranted, as early patient detection is not always feasible. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 250–255.
Histopathology of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronovirus (MERS‐CoV) infection – clinicopathological and ultrastructural study
Authors: Alsaad Khaled O , Hajeer Ali H , Al Balwi Mohammed , Al Moaiqel Mohammed , Al Oudah Nourah , Al Ajlan Abdulaziz , AlJohani Sameera , Alsolamy Sami , Gmati Giamal E , Balkhy Hanan , Al‐Jahdali Hamdan H , Baharoon Salim A , Arabi Yaseen M 
Published: August 2017

AimsThe pathogenesis, viral localization and histopathological features of Middle East respiratory syndrome – coronavirus (MERS‐CoV) in humans are not described sufficiently. The aims of this study were to explore and define the spectrum of histological and ultrastructural pathological changes affecting various organs in a patient with MERS‐CoV infection and represent a base of MERS‐CoV histopathology.Methods and resultsWe analysed the post‐mortem histopathological findings and investigated localisation of viral particles in the pulmonary and extrapulmonary tissue by transmission electron microscopic examination in a 33‐year‐old male patient of T cell lymphoma, who acquired MERS‐CoV infection. Tissue needle biopsies were obtained from brain, heart, lung, liver, kidney and skeletal muscle. All samples were collected within 45 min from death to reduce tissue decomposition and artefact. Histopathological examination showed necrotising pneumonia, pulmonary diffuse alveolar damage, acute kidney injury, portal and lobular hepatitis and myositis with muscle atrophic changes. The brain and heart were histologically unremarkable. Ultrastructurally, viral particles were localised in the pneumocytes, pulmonary macrophages, renal proximal tubular epithelial cells and macrophages infiltrating the skeletal muscles.ConclusionThe results highlight the pulmonary and extrapulmonary pathological changes of MERS‐CoV infection and provide the first evidence of the viral presence in human renal tissue, which suggests tissue trophism for MERS‐CoV in kidney.
M2 macrophages coexist with a Th1‐driven profile in periapical cysts
Authors: Ribeiro C. M. , de Carli M. L. , Nonogaki S. , Nogueira D. A. , Pereira A. A. C. , Sperandio F. F. , Hanemann J. A. C. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimTo evaluate the participation of both Th1 and Th2 responses in periapical cysts by assessing the presence of M2 macrophages, as well as acute IL‐1 β, TNF‐α and IL‐6 cytokines.MethodologyTwenty‐four cases of periapical cysts were selected. Immuno‐expressions of IL‐1 β, IL‐6, TNF‐α and CD163 were analysed in the cystic capsules in both superficial and deeper regions. Data were analysed with paired Wilcoxon test and Spearman correlation coefficient (P ≤ 0.05).ResultsThere was a higher expression of IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α and M2 macrophages in the superficial region (P < 0.001) of cystic capsules. All acute cytokines had significant positive correlations amongst them regardless of the cystic capsule region. Regarding CD163, positive correlations occurred only with TNF‐α (P = 0.007; r = 0.537) and IL‐6 (P = 0.018; r = 0.478) in the superficial regions of the cystic capsule.ConclusionsM2 macrophages participated actively in the inflammatory response of periapical cysts and correlated with the expression of certain acute Th1‐related cytokines. This illustrates the coexistence of an acute and chronic Th2‐driven immune response in these lesions. Although M2 macrophages favour the healing process, their presence is not sufficient for periapical cyst regression, once an acute active response has occurred due to an infectious stimuli.
Assessment of alternative emergency treatments for symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Eren B. , Onay E. O. , Ungor M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimTo evaluate three emergency procedures for their ability to alleviate clinical symptoms associated with symptomatic teeth having signs of (at least) partial irreversible pulpitis.MethodologySixty‐six maxillary and mandibular molars were randomly assigned to a total pulpectomy group (TP; n = 22), partial pulpectomy group (PP; n = 22) or pulpotomy group (P; n = 22). Procedure durations were recorded. Patients answered a questionnaire on daily analgesic requirements and about clinical symptoms (pain intensity, chewing sensitivity and thermal sensitivity) after the anaesthetic effect had disappeared (Day 0) and on Days 1, 3 and 7 post‐treatment.ResultsThe total pulpectomy group was associated with the longest procedures (median, 24 min), followed by the partial pulpectomy and pulpotomy groups (P < 0.001 for all). In all three groups, pain intensity, thermal sensitivity and chewing sensitivity decreased significantly from the preoperative time‐point to Day 7 (P < 0.001 for all). The total pulpectomy group reported greater reductions in pain intensity than the pulpotomy group between Days 0 and 7, Days 1 and 3, and Days 1 and 7 (P < 0.001 for all). No other intergroup differences were noted regarding reductions in pain intensity, and none were observed with respect to changes in prevalence of thermal sensitivity and chewing sensitivity. There were also no significant intergroup differences regarding the analgesic requirements throughout the 7 days.ConclusionAs emergency treatments for teeth having signs of irreversible pulpitis, pulpotomy, partial pulpectomy and total pulpectomy were comparable with respect to relieving clinical symptoms. Pulpotomy may be preferred because it requires significantly less time and is a simple technique that relieves symptoms quickly and effectively.
Translation and validation of translation in cross‐cultural research: Strategies used in a study of cervical cancer screening among ethnic minorities
Authors: Chan Dorothy N.S. , So Winnie K.W. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimsA discussion of the challenges encountered during instrument translation and validation while researching cervical cancer screening among ethnic minorities and the strategies used to overcome them.BackgroundGiven the increasing ethnic and cultural diversity of populations in different countries, culturally sensitive instruments are needed to evaluate people's attitudes, perceptions, and health practices. Often, such instruments are lacking in the study population's language.DesignDiscussion paper.Data sourcesThe discussion is based on our previous experience including the challenges encountered in the translation process and in the semantic and content validation and the strategies used to overcome them.Implication for nursingSeeking help from community centres or translation agencies to use translators with a health care background and of the same cultural origins as the target participants is effective. Actively contacting potential experts through email addresses obtained from published research articles is another effective way to find suitable experts. Field testing of the study questionnaire is important in validation, as it uncovers difficulties that go beyond translation.ConclusionGood planning and preparation before the translation and validation work begins is always required. Working closely with translators and experts through discussion is the key to success.