bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adatok a Mecsek hegység zuzmóflórájához
Authors: Kovács Dániel , Lőkös László 
Published: August 2016

A Pécsi Tudományegyetem (JPU) zuzmógyűjteményében lévő részben korábbi, részben saját gyűjtések alapján 115 zuzmótaxon 221, eddig nem publikált mecseki adatát közöljük, beleértve 37 JPU duplumot is. A feldolgozás eredményeként 22 új fajt mutattunk ki a hegység területéről: Arthopyrenia cinereopruinosa, Baeomyces rufus, Candelariella reflexa, Catapyrenium rufescens, Cladonia macilenta, Dimerella pineti, Hypogymnia tubulosa, Ochrolechia arborea, Pleurosticta acetabulum, Pseudevernia furfuracea, Psilolechia lucida, Pycnothelia papillaria, Rinodina sophodes, Tomasellia arthonioides, Toninia candida, Trapelia involuta, Varicellaria hemisphaerica, Verrucaria marmorea, V. nigrescens, V. parmigera, Xanthoparmelia conspersa, X. verruculifera. A törvényesen védett Peltigera leucophlebia két adattal szerepel a listában.
A Nyárjas-tó fitocönózisainak átalakulása
Authors: Vas Mihály 
Published: August 2016

A kállósemjéni Nyárjas-tó az 1980-as évek elején még tipikus nyírségi buckaközi láp volt. Területének nagy részét eltérő tömegességi viszonyokkal jellemezhető Carici-Menyanthetum társulás borította. A karakterfajok száma magas volt. A szárazabbá, melegebbé és szélsőségesebbé váló klíma miatt az addig állandó vízborítás eleinte hónapokra, majd évekre is időszakossá vált.. Az eutrofizáció felgyorsult. Az ingadozó vízhozamú, láp mellett húzódó csatorna és a Mohos-tó számára fúrt kút vizének alkalmazása a kiszáradást csak fékezni tudta. 2000-re a Menyanthes trifoliata kipusztult. 2009-től Lemno-Potametalia fajok már nem fordultak elő. Aszályos években, különösen a korábbi Carici-Menyanthetum helyén rohamosan terjedtek a Bidentetalia, Calystegietalia, Chenopodietea és Secalietea fajok. Ezek közül az 1990-es évek közepén a Cirsium arvense, a 2010-es évek közepén az Urtica dioica tömegesen jelentkezett. A természetes állapotokra utaló fajok száma csökkent, a degradációra utalóké jelentősen nőtt. A kaszálók az Arrhenatheretea társulások irányában változnak. Az agresszív özöngyomok mellett megjelent a Pruno spinosae-Crataegetum társulás. A csapadékos években a vizes élőhelyekre jellemző cönózisok, ha kisebb mértékben, de még regenerálódtak.
Educação, Laicidade e Espiritualidade: as Contribuições do Ensino Religioso para o Pleno Desenvolvimento do Educando
Authors: Flores Cristine Gabriela de Campos , Pauly Evaldo Luis 
Published: August 2016

Resumo: o trabalho defende que a disciplina de Ensino Religioso pode trazer contribuições para a formação de um cidadão livre, para o fortalecimento da democracia em nossa sociedade, para o desenvolvimento da tolerância e respeito entre as pessoas e ainda, poderia preencher
uma lacuna existente na educação brasileira, a saber, atender ao desenvolvimento espiritual, direito da criança e do adolescente conforme seu Estatuto.
Palavras-chave: Ensino Religioso. Laicidade. Desenvolvimento Espiritual. Estágios da Fé.
Interview with 2016 SPE President Nathan Meehan
Authors: Meehan Nathan , Donnelly John 
Published: August 2016

President's interview
Nathan Meehan is senior executive adviser at Baker Hughes, where he advises executive management on reservoir and geoscience issues. Previously, he served as the president of CMG Petroleum Consulting, an independent consultancy; vice president of engineering at Occidental Petroleum; and general manager of exploration and production at Union Pacific Resources. Meehan earned a BSc in physics from the Georgia Institute of Technology, an MSc in petroleum engineering from the University of Oklahoma, and a PhD in petroleum engineering from Stanford University.
What goals would you like to accomplish during your term?
I would like to focus during the next year on helping SPE accomplish five interrelated goals.
Making sure that SPE stays relevant and useful to our members and the industry we serve
Encouraging more interdisciplinary and inter-industry collaboration
Focusing on the “public benefit” aspect of SPE’s mission
Recruiting and mentoring the next generation of oil and gas professionals
Expanding and improving the way we communicate
These accomplishments will support SPE’s mission: To collect, disseminate, and exchange technical knowledge concerning the exploration, development and production of oil and gas resources, and related technologies for the public benefit, and to provide opportunities for professionals to enhance their technical and professional competence.
On top of the ongoing challenges we face as an industry, we now have to contend with low prices. Yet, we still have to deliver the huge volumes of oil and gas that are needed each day by the 7.2 billion people who inhabit our planet. And, we have to do it more safely, more economically, more quickly, and more sustainably. We cannot compete—or in some cases, even survive— doing business as usual. We need disruptive technologies and processes. But change is difficult to accept. This is where SPE can play a pivotal role.
Innovation comes about by thinking differently and creatively, by connecting seemingly unrelated ideas, and putting them together in unrelated ways to produce something novel or original. This requires collaboration among diverse and disparate groups of people. One of my colleagues likes to describe SPE as a network of bridges that connects people, companies, and ideas to enable the collaboration that fuels innovation. That network of bridges is never more important than during difficult periods such as the one we are currently experiencing. By reaching out to other disciplines and other industries, SPE not only helps fuel collaboration and innovation, but also fulfills its mission of staying relevant.
Crossover Technologies Enhance Innovation in Oil Industry
Authors: Henni Abdelghani 
Published: August 2016

CTO Summit
The challenges facing the oil and gas industry require crossover technologies from other industries such as aerospace, automotive, and medicine to help drive efficiency, boost productivity, and optimize performance, a summit panel said.
At the recent Chief Technology Officers Summit held in conjunction with the Abu Dhabi International Research and Development Conference and Exhibition, the panelists concurred that while off-the-shelf solutions are often used to solve problems, bespoke in-country research and development (R&D) solutions will become more important in reaching production targets in the coming decades.
The theme of the event was “How Can Innovation From Other Industries Play a Key Role in Enhancing Performance in the Energy Sector?”
Alain Guenot, senior vice president of Total Exploration and Production in the UAE, said Total has established five laboratories covering robotics, big data, nanotechnology, and enhanced oil recovery to develop bespoke R&D solutions. “We also have laboratories that are established only for short periods, a maximum of 2 years, to solve the challenges we face,” he said.
Managing Big Data
A key issue facing the industry is the management of big data, an area of expertise more commonly associated with companies such as Google and Microsoft. “Big data has been a problem in oil and gas, especially in the seismic data, as the whole industry has been involved in trying to manage it properly,” said William Coates, senior vice president of technology and marketing at Schlumberger.
The digitalization of operations has created new challenges in terms of managing and analyzing the seismic data in order to optimize resource extraction, manage well operations, improve reservoir performance, and avoid disruptions. Big data may affect the skill sets required in operations and how petroleum engineering is taught in universities.
“Of course, we need to continue teaching petroleum engineering, but we need to introduce new courses to match the ongoing developments facing the industry,” said Thomas Hochstettler, president of the Petroleum Institute University and Research Center in Abu Dhabi. “The big data became a more important part in the industry, and we need to introduce it in courses that cover this sector. In the long term, we need to keep our eyes open to this and we should work on how we incorporate this.”
Investigating Aperture-Based Permeability and Capillary Pressure in Rock Fractures
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: August 2016

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 170819, “Investigating Aperture-Based Stress-Dependent Permeability and Capillary Pressure in Rock Fractures,” by Da Huo, SPE, Boxiao Li, SPE, and Sally M. Benson, SPE, Stanford University, prepared for the 2014 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Amsterdam, 27–29 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
Laboratory measurements of fracture-aperture distributions have been made by use of computed-tomography (CT) scanning under various conditions of effective stress. The stress-dependent aperture-distribution data demonstrate that increasing stress results in two effects: The mean aperture will decrease and the variance of aperture distribution will increase. By analyzing the stress-dependent mean and variance of aperture distributions, this paper provides a more straightforward method for estimating stress-dependent permeability and capillary pressure in rock fractures.
Experimental Setup
A Berea sandstone is cut to create a fracture in the middle of the core. The sample is moderately homogeneous, with little porosity variation. The fracture surface is very rough and has large aperture variations. The length of the sample is 8 cm, and the radius is 5 cm. The porosity of the sample is 0.22. The rock sample is wrapped in a sleeve and then placed in an aluminum core holder. Water is injected around the sleeve to create the confining stress. Two high-accuracy pressure transducers are used to measure pressure at the inlet and outlet of the core, and electric heaters maintain the temperature of the core. Pore pressure is kept constant at atmospheric pressure, and temperature stays constant at 50°C. For permeability measurements, a dual-pump system is used to inject water into the core. A pressure-regulating pump is connected to the outlet of the core to maintain 2.07 MPa at the downstream end of the core throughout the experiment. The experimental setup is shown in Fig. 1.
Permeability is measured with the steady-state method. Fluid is injected at three different rates while the pressure drop across the core is measured. On the basis of core size, fluid viscosity, slope of pressure drop, and fluid-injection rate, Darcy’s law is used to calculate permeability. The intact-core permeability is measured at different stress levels and is subtracted from the fractured-core permeability. Permeability is calculated using a mean aperture of 0.1 mm.
The core holder is placed in a medical X-ray CT scanner. Five repeated scans are taken and averaged to reduce the uncertainty of the CT scanning.
Technology Focus: Completions (September 2015)
Authors: Clem Nicholas 
Published: August 2016

Technology Focus
Like a fingerprint, every completion is unique and gives each well its own identity. The hardware selection, its deployment method, and the associated stimulation technique combine to create a one-of-kind completion, custom tailored for each application. It is this infinite variation that constantly fuels a collective desire to bring stability to the completion process. More so than ever before, the themes of efficiency and optimization serve as a backbone for completion design and execution. These themes remain valid under any market condition but become all the more significant in challenging or volatile climates.
Well completions play a critical role in the overall productivity of a reservoir, which inherently drives the decision-making processes toward well efficiency and production optimization. While there are many gains to be had around more-efficient hardware and stimulation deployment, improving the overall well efficiency and optimizing the production profile through carefully designed and implemented completion strategies represent the true endgame.
The challenge lies in accessing the key ingredient that enables harmonization of all the various components: data. Today, full-field studies comparing varying completion techniques with associated production performance are commonplace to evaluate and home in on optimum completion methods. Sensing technology, common to drilling and evaluation, continues to be integrated into completions, providing a front-row seat for the main event, production. The adage “knowledge is power” could not be more relevant in this context. Data collection and analysis, and subsequent controls, are what ultimately will enable the most-efficient and -optimized wells.
The papers highlighted in this feature speak to these themes that have become ever-present within the completions community. This selection of case histories and new technology reinforces the inherent desire to achieve stability through efficiency and optimization, even under the most challenging of market conditions. JPT
Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.
SPE 170264 Electronic-Set Openhole Packer Installation in Campos Basin, Offshore Brazil: A Case History by G.D. Mendes, Baker Hughes, et al.
SPE 170694 Acid-Soluble Plugs— Pressure-Tight Solution for a Preperforated Liner by E. Livingston, ConocoPhillips, et al.
SPE/IADC 170547 Innovative Intelligent Multizone Gravel-Pack Completion Revives Production in Malaysian Brownfield by T.U. Ceccarelli, Schlumberger, et al.
SPE 170738 Composite-Plug-Milling Efficiency Improvement Through Rheology Control—Lessons Learned From the Horizontal Completions in the Devernay Shale by Darren Huynh, Shell Canada, et al.
Completion Optimization in the Williston Basin Through Integrated Data Sets
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: August 2016

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 170721, “Completion Optimization and Validation in the Williston Basin Through Integrated Data Sets,” by J. Barhaug, SPE, V. King, SPE, A. Schmidt, SPE, A. Southcott, SPE, L. Steinke, SPE, and H. Harper, WPX Energy, prepared for the 2014 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Amsterdam, 27–29 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
With the surge in activity in the Williston basin, the ability to optimize completions has mainly been an expensive trial-and-error system. With the advent of sliding-sleeve technology, operational efficiency could potentially be increased, but the effectiveness of the completion remained unclear. This paper presents a work flow to analyze data sets to optimize completion efficiency.
Introduction
The operator gathered a number of data sets from the Williston basin (the geology is discussed in the complete paper) and integrated the results to arrive at an optimized completion design at a fraction of the cost. This step was conducted with Phase 1; Phase 2 was then implemented to test the recommended design. This summary will focus on Phase 1, with detailed coverage of Phase 2 available in the complete paper. Completion optimization was defined as improving well performance and fracture behavior while also increasing internal rate of return.
For Phase 1, there were four laterals with varying completion and isolation types and an S-shaped well used to acquire specialty logs, core data, and microseismic data. All of the completed stages used a hybrid fluid system with linear guar gel for the pad and 100-mesh sand stages (10,000 lbm pumped in single stages, 20,000 lbm in double stages) and then transitioned to a crosslinked guar gel for the 20/40-sand and 20/40-intermediate-strength-proppant (ISP) stages. A mix of 35% 20/40 sand and 65% 20/40 ISP was used on all the stages. The two-entry-point double-cemented stage was the current completion design at the time this study was conducted. This meant a total of 16 stages, with 31 entry points for a 9,500-ft effective lateral.
The process undertaken to optimize the completion design in Phase 1 had several steps:
Empirical comparison of interpreted fracture behavior in test wells using analysis of microseismic data, proppant-tracer data, and fracture-pressure history matching (FPHM)
Determination from those analyses of preferred design components
Constraint of additional design components by use of multivariate statistical analysis
Filling out remaining design components by use of forward fracture modeling
Estimation of the economic impact of the new design
The components incorporated into the final design were isolation and entry-point type, perforation scheme, stage length, proppant volume, and treatment rate. The complete paper describes in detail the data sets that contributed to the final optimized completion design (miscroseismic, hydraulic-fracture model, multivariate analysis, and proppant tracer).
Fracture Optimization in the Valdemar Field Offshore Denmark
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: August 2016

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 170981, “Fracture Optimization Reduces Completion Cost While Improving Well Productivity in the Valdemar Field Offshore Denmark,” by Dario Stemberger, SPE, Maersk Oil, and Pedro Saldungaray, SPE, and Terry Palisch, SPE, Carbo Ceramics, prepared for the 2014 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Amsterdam, 27–29 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
The Valdemar field contains a target reservoir that is a Lower Cretaceous “dirty chalk” containing up to 25% insoluble fines, porosity greater than 20%, and permeability below 0.5 md. Stimulations on several wells showed suboptimal production rates, which led to the conclusion that the Lower Cretaceous was not economically producible. An intensive study was therefore carried out to evaluate all aspects of the fracture design and implementation. This paper focuses on the aspects of proppant selection and adequate fracture-conductivity placement, with the goal of improving well productivity and cumulative recovery.
Completion Optimization
The Valdemar field is located in the Danish sector of the North Sea. The reservoir is characterized by a heterogeneous sequence of argillaceous chalk with thin beds of marl and claystone. The Lower Cretaceous reservoir is subdivided into 14 reservoir units on the basis of nanopaleontology and sequence stratigraphy. Because of the Valdemar field’s suboptimal production rates, an intensive study was carried out in 2008. Numerous experts were invited to view data, perform simulations, and offer recommendations. Eleven key items were identified as areas of potential improvement and are detailed further in the complete paper:
Improve the accuracy of treatment displacements.
Implement aggressive fracturing-fluid-breaker designs.
Improve fracture conductivity by use of resieved sand.
Introduce real-time data acquisition and modeling.
Enhance interpretation of minifracture analysis.
Gather pressure data for afterclosure analysis.
Minimize total fluids injected.
Assess the use of ceramic screened sliding sleeves for proppant-flowback control.
Supervise well cleanup.
Institute quality-control procedure for completion brine.
Introduce ceramic proppants for fracture-conductivity enhancement.
A study by a third-party consultant was conducted to determine the optimum fracture design. The study concluded that, for various reasons, the fractures were conductivity-limited, and that larger proppant was needed to improve effective fracture conductivity. This recommendation was furthered by implementing ceramic proppant, a process discussed in detail in the complete paper.
Surface Torque/Tension Measurements Used To Detect and Calculate Stick/Slip
Authors: Wilson Adam 
Published: August 2016

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 170624, “Stick/Slip Detection and Friction-Factor Testing Using Surface- Based Torque and Tension Measurements,” by Stephen W. Lai, SPE, Mitch Wood, Aaron Eddy, SPE, and Trevor Holt, Pason Systems, and Matthew Bloom, SPE, Nexen, prepared for the 2014 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Amsterdam, 27–29 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
A surface-based torque and tension sub (TTS) was used to perform measurements while drilling several extended-reach horizontal wells. A filtered version of surface torque was used to calculate a stick/slip metric, which was compared with stick/slip measurements from a downhole tool. The results show that there is reasonable correlation between surface and downhole metrics. A comparison was also made between hookload measured with a deadline sensor and tension measurement from the surface sub. The results show a systematic discrepancy of approximately 5% that is likely caused by sheave friction.
Torque- and Tension-Measurement Tool
A commercially available TTS was used to perform accurate measurements of surface torque and tension for this study. The TTS measures torque and tension at 50 Hz and transmits the readings to the surface system by a wireless link. The surface electronic-drilling-recorder (EDR) system is used to display the readings to the driller and to store the raw 50-Hz data for post-processing.
The TTS is shown in Fig. 1. The main body consists of a stainless-steel core on which several strain-gauge sensors are mounted. Measurements of mechanical strain in tangential and axial directions are used to calculate the magnitude of rotational torque and axial force being applied to the sub. A circular housing surrounds the middle of the core and contains the sub electronics including sampling circuits, radio transceivers, and replaceable batteries. Data are transmitted with two omnidirectional antennas that are directed downward toward the doghouse. A remote antenna radio module is placed in the doghouse or near the rig floor to receive the transmitted data. The TTS is powered by two disposable lithium batteries, which have an operational life of 40 days per battery. In this study, the TTS was installed in the topdrive assembly directly below the mudsaver valve (Fig. 1).
La educación intra e intercultural como enfoque pedagógico "propio"
Authors: López Hernández Alcibíades Miguel , Cuello Daza Edith María 
Published: August 2016

Nuestro propósito es la búsqueda de respuestas en la atención a la diversidad cultural que día a día constatamos en nuestras aulas de clases; ante la necesidad y exigencia de robustecer las acciones y actividades complementarias del orden científico que nos conduzcan a tal fin, pensamos en unas condiciones básicas conceptuales y teóricas intra e interculturales, como alternativa en la búsqueda de respuestas adecuadas; en este orden, pretendemos ubicar la educación intra e intercultural como eje transversal, para desarrollar desde allí, un currículo cuyo tronco y ramificaciones sean de todos y para todos. Buscamos crear un modelo de educación intra e intercultural, desde unos fundamentos pedagógicos críticos y propios. Esta propuesta aspira romper las distintas formas de colonización en la educación actual, cuyo currículo se orienta de manera instrumental a construir y proyectar una educación intercultural sin profundidad histórica; esta visión expresa una intolerancia cultural que busca homogeneizar a los seres humanos. © Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Sociales.