bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Native species dispersal reduces community invasibility by increasing species richness and biotic resistance
Authors: Howeth Jennifer G. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Recent studies indicate that diversity–invasibility relationships can depend on spatial scale, but the contributing role of native species dispersal among local communities in mediating these relationships remains unaddressed. Metacommunity ecology highlights the effects of species dispersal rates on local diversity, thereby suggesting that native species dispersal may influence local biotic resistance to invasion by non‐native species. However, the effects of native species dispersal rates on local native diversity and invasibility could depend on any intraspecific differences of the invader that may alter establishment success.

Here, I experimentally tested for the influence of native dispersal–diversity relationships on the invasibility of native communities by a non‐native species represented by core, midrange and peripheral regions of the introduced geographic range.

In mesocosms, native plankton communities were connected by low or moderate rates of dispersal to yield dispersal rate–driven differences in native species richness prior to invasion by a non‐native zooplankter, Daphnia lumholtzi. After invasion, establishment success and effects of the non‐native species on native community structure and ecosystem properties were evaluated as a function of dispersal rate and invader source region relative to a control without native species.

Native species richness was greater at the moderate dispersal rate than the low dispersal rate and yielded a dispersal rate‐dependent diversity–invasibility relationship that was robust to invader source region. There was almost no establishment success of the non‐native species at moderate dispersal and reduced success at low dispersal relative to the control. Invader population growth rates were negative only at the moderate dispersal rate. Effects of species dispersal on native community and ecosystem response were more influential than effects of invasion and impacts associated with invader source region.

The results demonstrate that dispersal–diversity relationships can influence diversity–invasibility relationships at the local spatial scale. These dispersal‐driven responses of invasion were unaffected by any ecological differences associated with invasion history‐related intraspecific variation of the non‐native species. This study emphasizes that dispersal rates of native species in metacommunities can differentially alter local biotic resistance to invasion. Thus, native species dispersal rates have largely been an underappreciated local diversity maintenance mechanism that can confer insurance against biological invasions.
5‐HT modulates the rat mesenteric vasopressor outflow by 5‐HT1D sympatholytic receptors
Authors: García‐Pedraza José‐Ángel , García‐Domingo Mónica , Gómez‐Roso Miriam , Rodríguez‐Barbero Alicia , Martín María‐Luisa , Morán Asunción 
Published: August 2017

Summary5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) modulates noradrenergic activity in different cardiovascular territories, but its effect on the mesenteric vasopressor outflow has not yet been clarified. This study investigated the in vivo serotonergic influence, characterizing 5‐HT receptors implicated, in sympathetic innervation of mesenteric vasculature. Wistar rats were anaesthetised and prepared for the in situ autoperfused rat mesentery, monitoring systemic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate (HR) and mesenteric perfusion pressure (MPP). Electrical stimulation of mesenteric sympathetic nerves resulted in frequency‐dependent increases in MPP (9 ± 1.6, 25.7 ± 3.9 and 60.2 ± 5 mmHg for 2, 4 and 8 Hz, respectively), without altering SBP or HR. 5‐HT (1‐25 μg/kg), 5‐carboxamidotryptamine (5‐HT1/7 agonist; 25 μg/kg) or L‐694,247 (5‐HT1D agonist; 1‐25 μg/kg) i.a. bolus inhibited vasopressor responses by mesenteric nerves electrical stimulation, unlike i.a. bolus of agonists 8‐OH‐DPAT (5‐HT1A), CGS‐12066B (5‐HT1B), BRL 54443 (5‐HT1e/1F), α‐methyl‐5‐HT (5‐HT2), 1‐PBG (5‐HT3), cisapride (5‐HT4) or AS‐19 (5‐HT7) (25 μg/kg each). Interestingly, i.a. L‐694,247 (25 μg/kg) also reduced the exogenous norepinephrine‐induced vasoconstrictions. Pretreatment with selective 5‐HT1D receptor antagonist, LY310762 (1 mg/kg, i.v.), completely abolished L‐694,247‐ and 5‐HT‐induced mesenteric sympathoinhibition. Furthermore, ELISA analysis confirmed 5‐HT1D receptors expression in mesenteric artery. These findings suggest that serotonergic mechanisms‐induced sympathoinhibition of mesenteric noradrenergic outflow is mediated by pre and/or postjunctional 5‐HT1D receptors.
Metabolic potential and in situ activity of marine Marinimicrobia bacteria in an anoxic water column
Authors: Bertagnolli Anthony D. , Padilla Cory C. , Glass Jennifer B. , Thamdrup Bo , Stewart Frank J. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryMarinimicrobia bacteria are widespread in subeuphotic areas of the oceans and particularly abundant in oxygen minimum zones (OMZs). Information on Marinimicrobia metabolism is sparse, making the biogeochemical influence of this group challenging to predict. Here, metagenome‐assembled genomes representing Marinimicrobia subgroups PN262000N21 and ARCTIC96B‐7 were retrieved to near completion (97% and 94%) from OMZ metagenomes, with contamination (14.1%) observed only in ARCTIC96B‐7. Genes for aerobic carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation, polysulfide metabolism and hydrogen utilization were identified only in PN262000N21, while genes for partial denitrification occurred in both genomes. Transcripts mapping to these genomes increased from <0.3% of total mRNA from the oxic zone to a max of 22% under anoxia. ARCTIC96B‐7 transcript representation decreased an order of magnitude from non‐sulfidic to sulfidic depths. In contrast, PN262000N21 representation was relatively constant throughout the OMZ, although transcripts encoding sulfur‐utilizing proteins, including sulfur transferases, were enriched at sulfidic depths. PN262000N21 transcripts encoding a protein with fibronectin domains similar to those in cellulosome‐producing bacteria were also abundant, suggesting a potential for high molecular weight carbon cycling. These data provide omic‐level descriptions of metabolic potential and activity in OMZ‐associated Marinimicrobia, suggesting differentiation between subgroups with roles in carbon and dissimilatory inorganic nitrogen and sulfur cycling.
Evidence for H2 consumption by uncultured Desulfobacterales in coastal sediments
Authors: Dyksma Stefan , Pjevac Petra , Ovanesov Kin , Mussmann Marc 
Published: August 2017

SummaryMolecular hydrogen (H2) is the key intermediate in the anaerobic degradation of organic matter. Its removal by H2‐oxidizing microorganisms is essential to keep anaerobic degradation energetically favourable. Sulfate‐reducing microorganisms (SRM) are known as the main H2 scavengers in anoxic marine sediments. Although the community of marine SRM has been extensively studied, those consuming H2 in situ are completely unknown. We combined metagenomics, PCR‐based clone libraries, single‐amplified genomes (SAGs) and metatranscriptomics to identify potentially H2‐consuming SRM in anoxic coastal sediments. The vast majority of SRM‐related H2ase sequences were assigned to group 1b and 1c [NiFe]‐H2ases of the deltaproteobacterial order Desulfobacterales. Surprisingly, the same sequence types were similarly highly expressed in spring and summer, suggesting that these are stable and integral members of the H2‐consuming community. Notably, one sequence cluster from the SRM group 1 consistently accounted for around half of all [NiFe]‐H2ase transcripts. Using SAGs, we could link this cluster with the 16S rRNA genes of the uncultured Sva0081‐group of the family Desulfobacteraceae. Sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and H2ase gene libraries suggested consistently high in situ abundance of the Sva0081 group also in other marine sediments. Together with other Desulfobacterales these likely are important H2‐scavengers in marine sediments.
Multifunctional Curcumin Mediate Multitherapeutic Effects
Authors: Shehzad Adeeb , Qureshi Munibah , Anwar Muhammad Nabeel , Lee Young Sup 
Published: August 2017

AbstractInflammation can promote the development of arthritis, obesity, cardiovascular, type II diabetes, pancreatitis, metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases, and certain types of cancer. Compounds isolated from plants have been practiced since ancient times for curing various ailments including inflammatory disorders and to support normal physiological functions. Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is a yellow coloring agent, extracted from turmeric that has been used for the prevention and treatment of various inflammatory diseases. Numerous studies have shown that curcumin modulate multiple molecular targets and can be translated to the clinics for multiple therapeutic processes. There is compelling evidence that curcumin can block cell proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis as well as reduced the prolonged survival of cancer cells. Curcumin mediates anti‐inflammatory effect through downregulation of inflammatory cytokines, transcription factors, protein kinases, and enzymes that promote inflammation and development of chronic diseases. In addition, curcumin induces apoptosis through mitochondrial and receptor‐mediated pathways by activating caspase cascades. Curcumin is a safe and nontoxic drug that has been reported to be well tolerated. Available clinical trials support the potential role of curcumin for treatment of various inflammatory disorders. However, curcumin's efficacy is hindered by poor absorption and low bioavailability, which limit its translation into clinics. This review outlines the potential pharmacological and clinical role of curcumin, which provide a gateway for the beneficial role of plant isolated compounds in treatment of various inflammatory diseases and cancer.
Methanotroph‐derived bacteriohopanepolyol signatures as a function of temperature related growth, survival, cell death and preservation in the geological record
Authors: Osborne Kate A. , Gray Neil D. , Sherry Angela , Leary Peter , Mejeha Obioma , Bischoff Juliane , Rush Darci , Sidgwick Frances R. , Birgel Daniel , Kalyuzhnaya Marina G. , Talbot Helen M. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryInterpretation of bacteriohopanepolyol (BHP) biomarkers tracing microbiological processes in modern and ancient sediments relies on understanding environmental controls of production and preservation. BHPs from methanotrophs (35‐aminoBHPs) were studied in methane‐amended aerobic river‐sediment incubations at different temperatures. It was found that: (i) With increasing temperature (4°C–40°C) a 10‐fold increase in aminopentol (associated with Crenothrix and Methylobacter spp. growth) occurred with only marginal increases in aminotriol and aminotetrol; (ii) A further increase in temperature (50°C) saw selection for the thermophile Methylocaldum and mixtures of aminopentol and C‐3 methylated aminopentol, again, with no increase in aminotriol and aminotetrol. (iii) At 30°C, more aminopentol and an aminopentol isomer and unsaturated aminopentol were produced after methanotroph growth and the onset of substrate starvation/oxygen depletion. (iv) At 50°C, aminopentol and C‐3 methylated aminopentol, only accumulated during growth but were clearly resistant to remineralization despite cell death. These results have profound implications for the interpretation of aminoBHP distributions and abundances in modern and past environments. For instance, a temperature regulation of aminopentol production but not aminotetrol or aminotriol is consistent with and, corroborative of, observed aminopentol sensitivity to climate warming recorded in a stratigraphic sequence deposited during the Paleocene‐Eocene thermal maximum (PETM).
Epac1, PDE4, and PKC protein expression and their correlation with AKAP95 and Cx43 in esophagus cancer tissues
Authors: Guan Zhiyu , Zhuang Winxin , Lei Hui , Wang Dai , Yao Youliang , Guo Dongbei , Sun Qian , Chen Yun , Chen Xiaoyi , Lin Hongyan , Teng Bogang , Zhang Yongxing 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThis study examined the expression of exchange protein directly activated by cAMP1 (Epac1), PDE4, and PKC in esophageal cancer tissues, and analyzed the association of each protein with the pathological parameters of the samples.MethodsEpac1, PDE4, and PKC protein expression was evaluated by PV‐9000 two‐step immunohistochemical techniques in 51 esophageal cancer specimens and 10 para‐carcinoma tissues.ResultsThe positive expression rates of Epac1 and PKC in esophageal cancer tissues (62.7% and 68.6%, respectively) were higher compared to those in para‐carcinoma tissues (20% and 20%, respectively) (P < 0.05). The positive expression rate of PDE4 in esophageal cancer tissues (54.1%) was higher than in para‐carcinoma tissues (30%), (P > 0.05). Epac1, PDE4, and PKC protein expression levels were not associated with the extent of tumor differentiation and/or lymph node metastasis (P > 0.05). Epac1 protein expression levels correlated with PDE4, PKC, and AKAP95 protein expression levels. In addition, there was a correlation between PKC and Cx43 protein levels (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe expression rates of Epac1, PDE4, and PKC protein in esophageal cancer tissues were significantly higher compared to the rates in para‐carcinoma tissues, suggesting an association between these proteins and the development and progression of esophageal cancer. The correlations between these proteins also revealed that they may exert a synergistic effect during the development of esophageal cancer.
Phase I study of pemetrexed and concurrent radiotherapy for previously untreated elderly patients with locally advanced non‐squamous non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Takemoto Shinnosuke , Nakamura Yoichi , Fukuda Minoru , Senju Hiroaki , Gyotoku Hiroshi , Taniguchi Hirokazu , Shimada Midori , Ikeda Takaya , Yamaguchi Hiroyuki , Nakatomi Katsumi , Hayashi Nobuyuki , Soda Hiroshi , Mukae Hiroshi 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundChemoradiotherapy is the standard treatment for locally advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, it is disputed whether this treatment is suitable for patients aged ≥75. This study was conducted to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of pemetrexed for use in concurrent radiotherapy for elderly patients with locally advanced non‐squamous NSCLC.MethodsThe eligibility criteria were as follows: aged ≥75 with inoperable stage IIIA or IIIB non‐squamous NSCLC, no history of chemotherapy or radiotherapy, a performance status of 0 or 1, and adequate organ function. The patients were scheduled to receive pemetrexed on days 1, 22, 43, and 64 with concurrent once daily thoracic radiotherapy (60 Gy). The initial pemetrexed dose was 400 (level 1), and it was planned to increase the dose to 500 mg/m2 (level 2).ResultsTwo patients were enrolled in this trial. In the first case, the patient suffered prolonged leukocytopenia, and treatment was discontinued on day 35. In the second case, febrile neutropenia occurred on day 32, and the patient developed drug‐induced pneumonitis and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Both patients experienced dose‐limiting toxicities; therefore, the level 1 dose was considered to be the MTD.ConclusionsDuring combined treatment with pemetrexed and concurrent radiotherapy, a pemetrexed dose of 400 mg/m2 was the MTD; we did not set up a phase II study. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy might be too toxic for elderly patients aged ≥75 with locally advanced NSCLC.
HDAC3 negatively regulates spatial memory in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Zhu Xiaolei , Wang Sulei , Yu Linjie , Jin Jiali , Ye Xing , Liu Yi , Xu Yun 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThe accumulation and deposition of beta‐amyloid (Aβ) is a key neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of AD, while the specific HDAC isoforms associated with cognitive improvement are poorly understood. In this study, we investigate the role of HDAC3 in the pathogenesis of AD. Nuclear HDAC3 is significantly increased in the hippocampus of 6‐ and 9‐month‐old APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice compared with that in age‐matched wild‐type C57BL/6 (B6) mice. Lentivirus ‐mediated inhibition or overexpression of HDAC3 was used in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice to investigate the role of HDAC3 in spatial memory, amyloid burden, dendritic spine density, glial activation and tau phosphorylation. Inhibition of HDAC3 in the hippocampus attenuates spatial memory deficits, as indicated in the Morris water maze test, and decreases amyloid plaque load and Aβ levels in the brains of APP/PS1 mice. Dendritic spine density is increased, while microglial activation is alleviated after HDAC3 inhibition in the hippocampus of 9‐month‐old APP/PS1 mice. Furthermore, HDAC3 overexpression in the hippocampus increases Aβ levels, activates microglia, and decreases dendritic spine density in 6‐month‐old APP/PS1 mice. In conclusion, our results indicate that HDAC3 negatively regulates spatial memory in APP/PS1 mice and HDAC3 inhibition might represent a potential therapy for the treatment of AD.
Lymphocytic hidradenitis: A distinctive histopathological finding of annular erythema of Sjögren syndrome
Authors: Hsu Hsiu‐cheng , Lin Chien‐Yio , Shih I‐Hsin , Shen Su‐Chin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesLymphocytic hidradenitis is a non‐specific histopathological feature observed in many dermatoses such as lupus erythematosus, morphea or scleroderma. When it occurs it is usually accompanied by the other distinctive histological features of those conditions. Isolated lymphocytic hidradenitis is uncommon and its clinical features and associated underlying medical conditions are still undetermined.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of patients who clinically presented with annular erythema between 2000 and 2016. Altogether, 30 patients with a histopathological presentation of isolated lymphocytic hidradenitis were identified. Their following characteristics were recorded: clinical features, number and localisation of lesions, serology and other associated medical conditions.ResultsIsolated lymphocytic hidradenitis was found most frequently in middle‐aged women. Most patients (n = 28, 93%) presented with many annular erythematous patches and plaques with mild pruritus; 22 (73%) had the SS‐A antibody and 17 (57%) met the diagnostic criteria of Sjögren syndrome. Among these patients, 11 had primary and six had secondary Sjögren syndrome associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. Altogether 15 (50%) patients tested positive for a high titre of the antinuclear autoantibody. Other underlying diseases identified during the follow‐up period include cryoglobulinaemia, angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma, autoimmune hepatitis, hepatitis C infection and toxic thyroid goitre.ConclusionsLymphocytic hidradenitis is a microscopic finding associated with annular erythemas of Sjögren syndrome. Systemic survey for sicca symptoms and work up for autoimmune diseases, including antinuclear antibodies, SS‐A, SS‐B antibodies, cryoglobulin, lymphoma, viral and autoimmune hepatitis should be performed to facilitate the correct diagnosis.
Challenges in the implementation of EAACI guidelines on allergen immunotherapy: A global perspective on the regulation of allergen products
Authors: Bonertz A. , Roberts G. C. , Hoefnagel M. , Timon M. , Slater J. E. , Rabin R. L. , Bridgewater J. , Pini C. , Pfaar O. , Akdis C. , Goldstein J. , Poulsen L. K. , van Ree R. , Rhyner C. , Barber D. , Palomares O. , Sheikh A. , Pawankar R. , Hamerlijnk D. , Klimek L. , Agache I. , Angier E. , Casale T. , Fernandez‐Rivas M. , Halken S. , Jutel M. , Lau S. , Pajno G. , Sturm G. , Varga E. M. , Gerth van Wijk R. , Bonini S. , Muraro A. , Vieths S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRegulatory approaches for allergen immunotherapy (AIT) products and the availability of high‐quality AIT products are inherently linked to each other. While allergen products are available in many countries across the globe, their regulation is very heterogeneous. First, we describe the regulatory systems applicable for AIT products in the European Union (EU) and in the United States (US). For Europe, a depiction of the different types of relevant procedures, as well as the committees involved, is provided and the fundamental role of national agencies of the EU member states in this complex and unique network is highlighted. Furthermore, the regulatory agencies from Australia, Canada, Japan, Russia, and Switzerland provided information on the system implemented in their countries for the regulation of allergen products. While AIT products are commonly classified as biological medicinal products, they are made available by varying types of procedures, most commonly either by obtaining a marketing authorization or by being distributed as named patient products. Exemptions from marketing authorizations in exceptional cases, as well as import of allergen products from other countries, are additional tools applied by countries to ensure availability of needed AIT products. Several challenges for AIT products are apparent from this analysis and will require further consideration.
Safety and efficacy of rescue flexible bronchoscopic intubation using the Bentson floppy‐tip guidewire via a supraglottic airway in critically ill children
Authors: Cross D. , Nyman A. , James P. , Durward A. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryDifficulty in tracheal intubation in paediatric intensive care patients is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Delays to intubation and interruption to oxygenation and ventilation are poorly tolerated. We developed a safe and atraumatic tracheal intubation technique. A floppy‐tipped guidewire and airway exchange catheter were placed to a pre‐determined length under bronchoscopic guidance while oxygenation and ventilation was maintained via a supraglottic airway device (SAD). We performed a retrospective review of this technique on patients who were either known to have or who had an unexpected difficultly in intubation. We describe the safety and experience of this in a broad range of critically ill children. Thirteen patients, median (IQR [range]) (9.0 (5.0–10.0 [4.0–12.0]) kg and 15.4 (12.1–23.2 [3.3–49.7]) months) underwent emergency tracheal intubation using this technique, after unsuccessful attempts at intubation using standard laryngoscopy blades. All intubations were successful at the first attempt using this technique and no airway trauma or significant clinical deteriorations were recorded.