bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hmga2 is dispensable for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: White Andrew , Flores Aimee , Ong Jessica , Lowry William E. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractHmga2 functions as a chromatin‐associated factor during development, but is not expressed in most adult tissues. Expression of Hmga2 in adult tissues has been associated with a variety of human cancers. Numerous studies have implicated Hmga2 in epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer progression through gain of function studies, but it is unclear whether Hgma2 is necessary for EMT, tumor formation or tumor progression. We deleted Hmga2 in two mouse models of squamous cell carcinoma and found this gene to be dispensable. In fact, EMT, tumor initiation and progression all appeared to be mostly unaffected by the absence of Hmga2. Tumors lacking the ability to induce Hmga2 proceeded to initiate cutaneous spindle cell and squamous cell carcinomas with all the typical pathological and molecular hallmarks of these cancers.
A comparative study of oribatid mite communities in red wood ant Formica polyctena nests and surrounding soil in a Finnish oak forest
Authors: Elo Riikka Aleksandra , Penttinen Ritva , Sorvari Jouni 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Ant nests are also inhabited by other invertebrates, ant associates. The oribatid mite (Acari: Oribatida) fauna of nests is poorly known, both in terms of abundance and diversity.

We compared the oribatid assemblages within and outside red wood ant Formica polyctena nests in a Finnish oak forest. Altogether ten mounds were investigated and comparable samples were collected from adjacent soil 4 m from each mound.

A total of 10 529 specimens were recovered, 4959 of them in mounds and 5633 in soil. The specimens represented 74 species (and two higher taxa) belonging to 60 genera and 39 families. Significant differences in abundance or diversity were not observed between nests and soil habitats. For nest samples the abundance of specimens significantly correlated with diversity indicating that mounds form rich habitat patches with a diverse set of niches. Mound size had no effect on community composition.

The nest and soil habitats were predominantly occupied by different species resulting in dissimilarities in community composition; 34% of the species showed a preference for nest habitat and 50% for soil habitats, whereas16% were indifferent with equal abundances in both habitats. Nonetheless, most of the species with a preference for nests are frequently found in various habitats in nature, and may be classified as facultative myrmecophiles that maintain populations also in ant nests.

Ant nests host abundant and diverse oribatid assemblages, which differ from the fauna in adjacent soil, and wood ants are therefore important factors in maintaining biodiversity.
Investigation and modelling of natural convection and conduction heat exchange: study on food systems with modified starch by means of computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Cordioli Matteo , Rinaldi Massimiliano , Barbanti Davide 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThis study is focused on the effects of starch gelatinisation on heat exchange in food systems containing four modified starch concentrations (0, 2, 6 and 10%). Viscosity profiles of samples were experimentally measured: the effect of gelatinisation was evident, particularly at 6% and 10%, where the viscosity increased from 0.010 to 70 Pa s and to 1507 Pa s, respectively. The heat exchange rate showed a decrease with the increasing of starch concentration, and the effects were observed until 6%. Four Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models were also developed, experimentally validated (RMSE < 1.5 °C) and used to study the heat exchange. Velocity profiles showed that the convective flows slowed down from 2.5 to 0 mms−1 after the gelatinisation. Finally, the effects on the slowest heating/cooling zone (SHZ/SCZ) location in the CFD models were studied: at 0% and 2%, the SHZ settled 15 and 80 mm from the bottom of jars in heating and cooling phase, respectively. At 6% and 10%, before the starch gelatinisation phase, the SHZ was located in a similar position of the 0% and 2% while when the gelatinisation occurred the SHZ slightly moved towards the geometric centre (50 mm) as for an only‐conductive product.
Preparation of double‐network tofu with mechanical and sensory toughness
Authors: Hou Jun‐Jie , Yang Xiao‐Quan , Fu Shi‐Rao , Wang Meng‐Ping , Xiao Fan 
Published: February 2016

SummaryIn this study, sugar beet pectin and soy protein were used to prepare the double‐network (DN) modified‐tofu by sequential laccase and microbial transglutaminase treatments. The mechanical properties of modified‐tofu were analysed by uniaxial compression test and texture profile analysis. The DN modified‐tofu exhibited greater mechanical toughness than the corresponding single‐network modified‐tofu, while the ratio of soy glycinin to soy protein isolate reached and exceeded 50%. The enhancement of mechanical toughness may be mainly ascribed to the hierarchical microstructure which is observed in DN modified‐tofu by scanning electron microscopy. DN modified‐tofu provided a distinctive mechanical and sensory tough texture as compared to other tofu samples. In addition, the oral processing measurements indicated that DN modified‐tofu required higher jaw‐closing muscle activities, a greater number of chews and longer chewing duration to be processed. Furthermore, the chewing pattern of DN modified‐tofu was different from other tofu samples.
Structural changes induced by high speed jet on in vitro digestibility and hydroxypropylation of rice starch
Authors: Fu Zhen , Luo Shun‐Jing , Liu Wei , Liu Cheng‐Mei , Zhan Liu‐jing 
Published: February 2016

SummaryInfluences of high speed jet (HSJ) at different pressures (0, 80, 160, 250 MPa) on digestibility and hydroxypropylation of rice starch were evaluated. HSJ treatment increased the content of rapidly digestible starch and slowly digestible starch and decreased the content of resistant starch with increasing of the treatment pressure in native starch. The degree and the reaction efficiency of hydroxypropylation of rice starch increased with an increase in treatment pressure. Scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction analysis showed that both the crystalline structure and the overall granular structure were partially destroyed. Meanwhile, HSJ treatment led to degradation of starch molecules. The results suggested that the changes of starch structure resulted in decreasing gelatinisation enthalpy of rice starch and might be response for the changes of reactivity and its digestibility to some extent.
Degradation kinetics of total phenolic compounds, capsaicinoids and antioxidant activity in red pepper during hot air and infrared drying process
Authors: Zhou Linyan , Cao Zhenzhen , Bi Jinfeng , Yi Jianyong , Chen Qinqin , Wu Xinye , Zhou Mo 
Published: February 2016

SummaryDegradation kinetics of total phenolic compounds, capsaicinoids and antioxidant activity in red pepper during both hot air drying and infrared drying were investigated, as well as the correlation between antioxidant compounds and antioxidant capacity was discussed in current study. The fractional conversion kinetic and first order kinetic models were proved to describe the changes of total phenolic compounds vs. drying time and moisture content, respectively. Degradation of capsaicinoids and antioxidant capacity vs. drying time and moisture content both followed fractional conversion kinetic model. Infrared drying accelerated the degradation rate of total phenolic compounds and capsaicinoids vs. drying time as compared with hot air drying at the same temperature; however, a contrary result was found that infrared drying decreased the degradation rate of both total phenolic compounds and capsaicinoids vs. moisture content. Total phenolic compounds exhibited a stronger relationship with antioxidant capacity of red pepper analysed by multiple linear regression analysis.
Effect of technological practices on individual betalains and antioxidant activity of Columbian betalain‐rich raw materials
Authors: Montes‐Lora Sandra , Hurtado Nelson , Mosquera Natalia , Heredia Francisco J. , Cejudo‐Bastante María Jesús 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThe effect of different technological practices on ulluco (ullucus tuberosus) and Opuntia dillenii has been scrutinised. Their stability at different pHs and temperatures of storage or processing over time was monitored. Our aim was focused on the determination of individual betalains and antioxidant activity, not previously conducted in conjunction with these raw materials. On the basis of the results, it could be asserted that the ullucus tuberosus and Opuntia dillenii were more suitable for being added to low‐acidic foods (pH 5 and 6), in the light of the higher values of betalains and antioxidant capacity (1.3‐fold higher compared with pH 4). With regard to the temperature, cold storage conditions (4 °C) were optimal to increase or maintain as possible the initial content of betalains and antioxidant capacity. After cooking (80 °C), the identified betalains completely disappeared, but the low‐acidic conditions (pH 6) favoured the greater antioxidant activity when kept at that temperature.
Effects of high solid concentrations on the efficacy of enzymatic hydrolysis of yeast cells and the taste characteristics of the resulting hydrolysates
Authors: Cui Chun , Qian Yangpeng , Sun Weizheng , Zhao Haifeng 
Published: February 2016

SummaryEffects of solid concentrations on enzymatic hydrolysis of yeast cells and the taste characteristics of the resulting hydrolysates were examined. Results showed that increased solid concentrations ranging from 10% to 30% resulted in a mild increase in degree of hydrolysis (DH) of hydrolysates during the whole hydrolysis process, whereas an obvious inhibition effect on DH was found at hydrolysates with 40% of solid concentration. The levels of amino nitrogen and total nitrogen of supernatant with 40% of solid concentration were six‐fold higher than those of hydrolysates with 10% of solid concentration at all hydrolysis time. After 21 h of hydrolysis, there was no significant difference in molecular weight distributions of hydrolysates with different solid concentrations, while a significant increase in amino acid contents of hydrolysates with high solid concentrations was found. Results from sensory evaluation showed that the intensities of umami, mouthfulness and continuity in umami solution could be significantly improved by supplementing with the resulting hydrolysates with high solid concentrations.
Respiration Rate Measurement and Chemical Kinetic Modelling for Mung Bean Sprouts
Authors: Chen Junran , Hu Yunfeng , Wang Jianming , Yao Yao , Hu Hanyan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis work investigated the effects of temperature and gas concentration on respiration rate of mung bean sprouts in the closed system. Then, the chemical kinetic model was developed with the help of respiration data. Temperature and gas concentration both had significant effects on respiration rate of mung bean sprouts. Mung bean sprouts had higher respiration rate at higher temperature. The values increased from 10.21 to 66.86 mL/(kg h) and 13.00 to 68.71 mL/(kg h) for R_(CO_2) and (R_(O_2)) at the equilibrium position by increasing the temperature from 8 to 28C, respectively. And the production rate of CO2 (R_(CO_2)) and the consumption rate of O2 (R_(O_2)) were both decreased with increasing of carbon dioxide concentration and decreasing of oxygen concentration. Respiration rate of mung bean sprouts was successfully modelled using the chemical kinetic model. The coefficient of determinations of O2 and CO2 were respectively 0.9734 and 0.9851 indicating that the relationship between respiration rate O2 and CO2 concentrations fitted well with the chemical kinetic model. Moreover, the developed models were tested for their validity at 5C and 15C. Results of the mean absolute percentage error (MP) values at 5C and 15C were respectively 9.32 and 9.97 further confirmed that the chemical kinetic model can be used to predict the respiration rate.Practical ApplicationsModified atmosphere packaging (MAP) is quite an effective technique that can postpone the quality worsening of fruits and vegetables. The respiration rates of fruits and vegetables is one of the most important factors to obtain optimum oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration in modified atmosphere packages. Thus, modelling respiration rate of fruits and vegetables plays a critical part in designing MAP. The kinetic model was used to model respiration rate of mung bean sprouts. The study showed that respiration rates of mung bean sprouts were successfully modelled using the chemical kinetic model. Thereby, it can be provided as an analysis reference for the design of MAP for fruits and vegetables.
Classification of Apple Varieties Using Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy and Fuzzy Discriminant C‐Means Clustering Model
Authors: Wu Xiaohong , Wu Bin , Sun Jun , Yang Ning 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis research proposed a novel fuzzy clustering model, called fuzzy discriminant c‐means (FDCM) clustering, to classify apple varieties couple with near infrared spectroscopy. FDCM can not only partition samples but also extract discriminant information from them by introducing fuzzy linear discriminant analysis (FLDA) into fuzzy c‐means (FCM) clustering. The 200 apple samples of four apple varieties were made experiments to collect the near infrared reflectance (NIR) spectra. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to reduce the high dimensionality of NIR spectra data. FDCM and FCM were performed as classifiers to cluster the data, respectively. The clustering accuracy of FDCM achieved 97% which was higher than FCM, possibilistic c‐means and Gustafson–Kessel (GK) clustering. Furthermore, soluble solids content and total acidity of apples were measured, and the quantitative results showed that different types of apples contain different content of the nutritional composition. This makes it feasible for classification of apple varieties via NIR technology. The clustering results obtained in experiments showed that NIR spectroscopy combined with PCA and FDCM clustering could successfully discriminate apple varieties.Practical ApplicationsPostharvest processing of apple is very important for the agricultural industry. For this purpose, the proposed fuzzy discriminant c‐means clustering model coupled with near infrared spectroscopy can be used to select higher quality of apples for grading and sorting machines.
Break of symmetry in regenerating tobacco protoplasts is independent of nuclear positioning
Authors: Brochhausen Linda , Maisch Jan , Nick Peter 
Published: February 2016

AbstractNuclear migration and positioning are crucial for the morphogenesis of plant cells. We addressed the potential role of nuclear positioning for polarity induction using an experimental system based on regenerating protoplasts, where the induction of a cell axis de novo can be followed by quantification of specific regeneration stages. Using overexpression of fluorescently tagged extranuclear (perinuclear actin basket, kinesins with a calponin homology domain (KCH)) as well as intranuclear (histone H2B) factors of nuclear positioning and time‐lapse series of the early stages of regeneration, we found that nuclear position is no prerequisite for polarity formation. However, polarity formation and nuclear migration were both modulated in the transgenic lines, indicating that both phenomena depend on factors affecting cytoskeletal tensegrity and chromatin structure. We integrated these findings into a model where retrograde signals are required for polarity induction. These signals travel via the cytoskeleton from the nucleus toward targets at the plasma membrane.
Stress symptoms among adolescents before and after scoliosis surgery: correlations with postoperative pain
Authors: Rullander Anna‐Clara , Lundström Mats , Lindkvist Marie , Hägglöf Bruno , Lindh Viveca 
Published: February 2016

Aims and objectivesThe aim of this study was to describe stress symptoms among adolescents before and after scoliosis surgery and to explore correlations with postoperative pain.BackgroundScoliosis surgery is a major surgical procedure. Adolescent patients suffer from preoperative stress and severe postoperative pain. Previous studies indicate that there is a risk of traumatisation and psychological complications during the recovery period.DesignA prospective quantitative cohort study with consecutive inclusion of participants.MethodsA cohort of 37 adolescent patients aged 13–18. To assess the adolescents' experiences before surgery and at six to eight months after surgery, the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children – Alternative version, Youth Self‐Report and Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia for children 12–18 were used. The Visual Analogue Scale was used for self‐report of postoperative pain on day three.ResultsRates of anxiety/depression and internalising behaviour were significantly higher before surgery than six months after. Preoperative anger, social problems and attention problems correlated significantly with postoperative pain on day three. At follow‐up, postoperative pain correlated significantly with anxiety, social problems and attention problems.ConclusionsThe results of this study indicate a need for interventions to reduce perioperative stress and postoperative pain to improve the quality of nursing care.Relevance to clinical practiceAttention to preoperative stress and implementation of interventions to decrease stress symptoms could ameliorate the perioperative process by reducing levels of postoperative pain, anxiety, social and attention problems in the recovery period.
Do the Emotional Benefits of Optimism Vary Across Older Adulthood? A Life Span Perspective
Authors: Wrosch Carsten , Jobin Joelle , Scheier Michael F. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis study examined whether the emotional benefits of dispositional optimism for managing stressful encounters decrease across older adulthood. Such an effect might emerge because age‐related declines in opportunities for overcoming stressors could reduce the effectiveness of optimism. This hypothesis was tested in a 6‐year longitudinal study of 171 community‐dwelling older adults (age range = 64–90 years). Hierarchical linear models showed that dispositional optimism protected relatively young participants from exhibiting elevations in depressive symptoms over time, but that these benefits became increasingly reduced among their older counterparts. Moreover, the findings showed that an age‐related association between optimism and depressive symptoms was observed particularly during periods of enhanced, as compared to reduced, stress. These results suggest that dispositional optimism protects emotional well‐being during the early phases of older adulthood, but that its effects are reduced in advanced old age.
Effect of nano‐sized, elemental selenium supplement on the proteome of chicken liver
Authors: Gulyas G. , Csosz E. , Prokisch J. , Javor A. , Mezes M. , Erdelyi M. , Balogh K. , Janaky T. , Szabo Z. , Simon A. , Czegledi L. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThe nano‐sized (100–500 nm) selenium has higher bioavailability and relatively lower toxicity compared to other selenium forms. The objective of the present study was to compare liver proteome profiles of broiler chicken fed with control diet without Se supplementation and diet supplemented with nano‐Se with 4.25 mg/kg DM. Differential proteome analyses were performed by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D‐PAGE) followed by tryptic digestion and protein identification by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC‐MS). Seven hundred and eight spots were detected, and 18 protein spots showed significant difference in their intensity (p < 0.05) between the two groups. In response to nano‐Se supplementation, the expression of 8 proteins was higher, and 5 proteins were lower in nano‐Se supplemented group compared to control group. The functions of the differentially expressed proteins indicate that the high dose of selenium supplementation induced a dietary stress. Selenium supplementation may influence the metabolism of fatty acids and carbohydrates and antioxidant system, and increase the quantity of cytoskeletal actin and the expression of actin regulatory protein as well.
Effects of different supplemental soya bean oil levels on the performance of prepubertal Saanen goats: Oestrogen and progesterone release
Authors: Bomfim G. F. , Merighe G. K. F. , de Oliveira S. A. , Rodrigues A. D. , Augusto L. , Teixeira I. A. M. A. , de Resende K. T. , Negrao J. A. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels of soya bean oil in the total diet on the growth rate, metabolic changes, and oestrogen and progesterone release in Saanen goats. After dietary adaptation, 21 prepubertal goats (weight of 29.12 ± 0.91 kg, 230 days old) were randomly distributed among three diets of D2: inclusion of 2% soya bean oil in the total diet; D3: basal diet – inclusion of 3% soya bean oil in the total diet; and D4: inclusion of 4% soya bean oil in the total diet. The basal diet (D3) was formulated to promote a daily gain of 0.140 kg. The goats were weighed, and their blood samples were collected weekly. Glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, urea, non‐esterified fatty acids, beta‐hydroxybutyrate, oestrogen and progesterone in the plasma were measured. Prepubertal goats that were fed D4 exhibited a significantly lower dry matter intake, urea and cholesterol levels compared with the goats that were fed D2 and D3. Indeed, goats that were fed D4 displayed a significantly lower final weight than goats that were fed D2 and D3. In contrast, the inclusion of soya bean oil in the diet increased the progesterone and oestrogen concentrations, and goats that were fed D4 released a significantly higher concentration of progesterone than those that were fed D2 and D3. Furthermore, the percentage of goats with a progesterone level greater than 1 ng/ml (functional Corpus luteum) was significantly higher among the goats that were fed D3 and D4 than among those that were fed D2. In this study, although the inclusion of 4% soya bean oil in the diet decreased dry matter intake and growth rate, it increased progesterone concentration and the percentage of goats with a functional Corpus luteum, suggesting that the inclusion of soya bean oil accelerated puberty in prepubertal goats.