bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The red‐vine‐leaf extract AS195 increases nitric oxide synthase–dependent nitric oxide generation and decreases oxidative stress in endothelial and red blood cells
Authors: Grau Marijke , Bölck Birgit , Bizjak Daniel Alexander , Stabenow Christina Julia Annika , Bloch Wilhelm 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe red‐vine‐leaf extract AS195 improves cutaneous oxygen supply and the microcirculation in patients suffering from chronic venous insufficiency. Regulation of blood flow was associated to nitric oxide synthase (NOS)‐dependent NO (nitric oxide) production, and endothelial and red blood cells (RBC) have been shown to possess respective NOS isoforms. It was hypothesized that AS195 positively affects NOS activation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and RBC. Because patients with microvascular disorders show increased oxidative stress which limits NO bioavailability, it was further hypothesized that AS195 increases NO bioavailability by decreasing the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increasing antioxidant capacity. Cultured HUVECs and RBCs from healthy volunteers were incubated with AS195 (100 μmol/L), tert‐butylhydroperoxide (TBHP, 1 mmol/L) to induce oxidative stress and with both AS195 and TBHP. Endothelial and red blood cell–nitric oxide synthase (RBC‐NOS) activation significantly increased after AS195 incubation. Nitrite concentration, a marker for NO production, increased in HUVEC but decreased in RBC after AS195 application possibly due to nitrite scavenging potential of flavonoids. S‐nitrosylation of RBC cytoskeletal spectrins and RBC deformability were increased after AS195 incubation. TBHP‐induced ROS were decreased by AS195, and antioxidative capacity was significantly increased in AS195‐treated cells. TBHP also reduced RBC deformability, but reduction was attenuated by parallel incubation with AS195. Adhesion of HUVEC was also reduced after AS195 treatment. Red‐vine‐leaf extract AS195 increases NOS activation and decreases oxidative stress. Both mechanisms increase NO bioavailability, improve cell function, and may thus account for enhanced microcirculation in both health and disease.
Pharmacological comparison of a nonhuman primate and a rat model of oxaliplatin‐induced neuropathic cold hypersensitivity
Authors: Shidahara Yuka , Ogawa Shinya , Nakamura Mari , Nemoto Shingo , Awaga Yuji , Takashima Miyuki , Hama Aldric , Matsuda Akihisa , Takamatsu Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2016

AbstractOxaliplatin is a first‐line treatment for colorectal cancer. However, shortly following treatment, cold‐evoked hypersensitivity appears in the extremities and over time, the pain is such that oxaliplatin dosing may need to be markedly reduced or even terminated. There is currently a lack of efficacious treatments for oxaliplatin‐induced peripheral neuropathy, which is due in part to the difficulty in translating findings obtained from preclinical rodent models of chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy. Nonhuman primates (NHP) are phylogenetically closer to humans than rodents and may show drug responses that parallel those of humans. A significant decrease in tail withdrawal latency to 10°C water (“cold hypersensitivity”) was observed beginning 3 days after intravenous infusion of oxaliplatin (5 mg/kg) in Macaca fascicularis. A single treatment of duloxetine (30 mg/kg, p.o.) ameliorated oxaliplatin‐induced cold hypersensitivity, whereas pregabalin (30 mg/kg, p.o.) and tramadol (30 mg/kg, p.o.) did not. By contrast, in rats, no significant cold hypersensitivity, or increased responsiveness to acetone applied to the hind paws, was observed 3 days after the first injection of oxaliplatin (5 mg/kg, i.p., once per day, two injections). Therefore, rats were tested after six treatments of oxaliplatin, 17 days after the first treatment. All analgesics (30 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly ameliorated cold hypersensitivity in rats. The activity of analgesics in the oxaliplatin‐treated macaques parallel clinical findings. The current results indicate that the NHP could serve as a bridge species to improve translatability of preclinical findings into clinically useful treatments for oxaliplatin‐induced peripheral neuropathy.
Impact of tissue surface properties on the desorption electrospray ionization imaging of organic acids in grapevine stem
Authors: Dong Yonghui , Guella Graziano , Franceschi Pietro 
Published: February 2016

RationaleDesorption electrospray ionization (DESI) imaging is a fast analytical technique used to assess spatially resolved biological processes over unmodified sample surfaces. Although DESI profiling experiments have demonstrated that the properties of the sample surface significantly affect the outcomes of DESI analyses, the potential implications of these phenomena in imaging applications have not yet been explored extensively.MethodsThe distribution of endogenous and exogenous organic acids in pith and out pith region of grapevine stems was investigated by using DESI imaging, ion chromatography and direct infusion methods. Several common normalization strategies to account for the surface effect, including TIC normalization, addition of the internal standard in the spray solvent and deposition of the standard over the sample surface, were critically evaluated.ResultsDESI imaging results show that, in our case, the measured distributions of these small organic acids are not consistent with their 'true' localizations within the tissues. Furthermore, our results indicate that the common normalization strategies are not able to completely compensate for the observed surface effect.ConclusionsVariations in the tissue surface properties across the tissue sample can greatly affect the semi‐quantitative detection of organic acids. Attention should be paid when interpreting DESI imaging results and an independent analytical validation step is important in untargeted DESI imaging investigations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insecurity of a certificateless aggregate signature scheme
Authors: Zhang Hui 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAs an important kind of digital signature, the aggregate signature could aggregate n signatures into a signature and verify those signatures simultaneously. It is suitable for the constrained environment with limited ability of computation and communication. Recently, Chen et al. proposed a certificateless aggregate signature scheme to improve the performance of the verification. This paper proposes two concrete attacks against the certificateless aggregate signature scheme of Chen et al. to show that their scheme is not secure for practical applications, that is, the adversary can forge a signature of any message easily. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure of Sphingolipids From Sea CucumberCucumaria frondosaand Structure‐Specific Cytotoxicity Against Human HepG2 Cells
Authors: Jia Zicai , Song Yu , Tao Suyuan , Cong Peixu , Wang Xiaoxu , Xue Changhu , Xu Jie 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTo investigate the relationship between structure and activity, three glucocerebroside series (CFC‐1, CFC‐2 and CFC‐3), ceramides (CF‐Cer) and long‐chain bases (CF‐LCB) of sea cucumberCucumaria frondosa(C. frondosa) were isolated and evaluated in HepG2 cells. The molecular species of CFC‐1, CFC‐2 and CFC‐3 and CF‐Cer were identified using reversed‐phase liquid chromatography with heated electrospray ionization coupled to high‐resolution mass spectrometry (RPLC‐HESI‐HRMS), and determined on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence: For the three glucocerebroside series, fatty acids (FA) were mainly saturated (18:0 and 22:0), monounsaturated (22:1, 23:1 and 24:1) and 2‐hydroxyl FA (2‐HFA) (23:1 h and 24:1 h), the structure of long‐chain bases (LCB) were dihydroxy (d17:1, d18:1 and d18:2) and trihydroxy (t16:0 and t17:0), and the glycosylation was glucose; For CF‐Cer, FA were primarily saturated (17:0) and monounsaturated (16:1 and 19:1), the structure of LCB were dihydroxy (d17:1 and d18:1), and trihydroxy (t16:0). The results of cell experiment indicated that all of three glucocerebroside series, CF‐Cer and CF‐LCB exhibited an inhibitory effects on cell proliferation. Moreover, CFC‐3 was most effective in three glucocerebrosides to HepG‐2 cell viability. The inhibition effect of CF‐LCB was the strongest, and the inhibition effect of CF‐Cer was much stronger than glucocerebrosides.
Sociodemographic and clinical features and quality of life in stomized patients
Authors: Januário de Sousa Merifane , da Costa Andrade Smalyanna Sgren , Gonçalves de Brito Karen Krystine , de Oliveira Matos Suellen Duarte , Fernandes Campos Coêlho Hemílio , dos Santos Oliveira Simone Helena 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Objectives To identify users with an intestinal ostomy concerning their sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, and to determine the scores for quality of life according to the domains of the questionnaire City of Hope.
Method This is a household, descriptive, transversal, quantitative-approach survey, accomplished with 30 registered users at the Ostomy Association of the State of Paraíba, Brazil. A specific form for ostomy patients was applied, and data analysis was performed with the use of the software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. This study was approved by CAAE No. 17224613.8.0000.5183.
Results Most participants were over 60 years, were Catholics, with elementary education, an income up to three minimum wages, married or in a stable relationship, with almost all quality of life scores above the midpoint of the range of the variables of the domains surveyed by the questionnaire City of Hope.
Conclusion The questionnaire led to the conclusion that the respondents with ostomy had a satisfactory quality of life.
Influence of Menstrual Cycle and Oral Contraceptive Phase on Spinal Excitability
Authors: Casey Ellen , Reese Maria , Okafor Ezi , Chun Danielle , Gagnon Christine , Nigl Franz , Dhaher Yasin Y. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundRates of musculoskeletal injury differ substantially between the genders, with females more likely to experience conditions such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries than males in the same sports. Emerging evidence suggests a significant hormonal contribution. Most research has focused solely on how hormonal fluctuations affect connective tissue, but a direct link between hormonal shifts, ligamentous laxity, and ACL injury has not been borne out. There is also evidence to suggest that sex hormones can modulate the central nervous system, but how this affects neuromuscular control is not well understood.ObjectiveTo determine whether changes in sex hormone concentrations would alter spinal excitability, measured across the menstrual and oral contraceptive pill cycle. We hypothesized that spinal excitability would fluctuate across the menstrual cycle (with increased excitability during the periovulatory phase due to peak estradiol concentration), but that there would be no fluctuation in oral contraceptive users.DesignThis was a prospective cohort study.SettingThe study took place at a biomechanics laboratory at a rehabilitation hospital.ParticipantsA total of 30 healthy women aged 18–35 who were similar in age, body composition, and exercise‐training status were included. Fifteen of the women were eumenorrheic and nonusers of oral contraceptives (nonusers), and 15 of the women were taking oral contraceptives (users).Main Outcome MeasuresH‐reflex (Hmax/Mmax ratio), serum estradiol, and progesterone concentrations were measured at 3 time points during the menstrual and contraceptive pill cycle.ResultsThe H‐reflex (Hmax/Mmax ratio) remained stable across the menstrual and contraceptive pill cycle. Spinal excitability was lower in the users compared with the nonusers across all testing sessions, but this was not statistically significant.ConclusionsOur results suggest that acute fluctuations of endogenous estradiol and progesterone do not modulate spinal excitability. However, long‐term exposure to exogenous estrogen and progesterone (oral contraceptives) might have an impact on spinal excitability and neuromuscular control. Further research is necessary to better understand the potential differential effect of endogenous and exogenous sex hormones on spinal excitability.
Post-traumatic stress disorder and major depression in conflict-affected populations: an epidemiological model and predictor analysis
Authors: Charlson F. J. , Flaxman A. , Ferrari A. J. , Vos T. , Steel Z. , Whiteford H. A. 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundDespite significant research examining mental health in conflict-affected populations we do not yet have a comprehensive epidemiological model of how mental disorders are distributed, or which factors influence the epidemiology in these populations. We aim to derive prevalence estimates specific for region, age and sex of major depression, and PTSD in the general populations of areas exposed to conflict, whilst controlling for an extensive range of covariates.MethodsA systematic review was conducted to identify epidemiological estimates of depression and PTSD in conflict-affected populations and potential predictors. We analyse data using Bayesian meta-regression techniques.ResultsWe identified 83 studies and a list of 34 potential predictors. The age-standardised pooled prevalence of PTSD was 12.9% (95% UI 6.9–22.9), and major depression 7.6% (95% UI 5.1–10.9) – markedly lower than estimated in previous research but over two-times higher than the mean prevalence estimated by the Global Burden of Disease Study [3.7% (95% UI 3.0–4.5) and 3.5% (95% UI 2.9–4.2) for anxiety disorders and MDD, respectively]. The age-patterns reveal sharp prevalence inclines in the childhood years. A number of ecological variables demonstrated associations with prevalence of both disorders. Symptom scales were shown to significantly overestimate prevalence of both disorders. Finding suggests higher prevalence of both disorders in females.ConclusionThis study provides, for the first time, age-specific estimates of PTSD and depression prevalence adjusted for an extensive range of covariates and is a significant advancement on our current understanding of the epidemiology in conflict-affected populations.
Assessment of Fidelity in Interventions to Improve Hand Hygiene of Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review
Authors: Musuuza Jackson S. , Barker Anna , Ngam Caitlyn , Vellardita Lia , Safdar Nasia 
Published: February 2016

OBJECTIVECompliance with hand hygiene in healthcare workers is fundamental to infection prevention yet remains a challenge to sustain. We examined fidelity reporting in interventions to improve hand hygiene compliance, and we assessed 5 measures of intervention fidelity: (1) adherence, (2) exposure or dose, (3) quality of intervention delivery, (4) participant responsiveness, and (5) program differentiation.DESIGNSystematic reviewMETHODSA librarian performed searches of the literature in PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), Cochrane Library, and Web of Science of material published prior to June 19, 2015. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, and assessment of study quality was conducted for each study reviewed.RESULTSA total of 100 studies met the inclusion criteria. Only 8 of these 100 studies reported all 5 measures of intervention fidelity. In addition, 39 of 100 (39%) failed to include at least 3 fidelity measures; 20 of 100 (20%) failed to include 4 measures; 17 of 100 (17%) failed to include 2 measures, while 16 of 100 (16%) of the studies failed to include at least 1 measure of fidelity. Participant responsiveness and adherence to the intervention were the most frequently unreported fidelity measures, while quality of the delivery was the most frequently reported measure.CONCLUSIONSAlmost all hand hygiene intervention studies failed to report at least 1 fidelity measurement. To facilitate replication and effective implementation, reporting fidelity should be standard practice when describing results of complex behavioral interventions such as hand hygiene.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2016;37:567–575
A Multicenter Pragmatic Interrupted Time Series Analysis of Chlorhexidine Gluconate Bathing in Community Hospital Intensive Care Units
Authors: Dicks Kristen V. , Lofgren Eric , Lewis Sarah S. , Moehring Rebekah W. , Sexton Daniel J. , Anderson Deverick J. 
Published: February 2016

OBJECTIVETo determine whether daily chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) bathing of intensive care unit (ICU) patients leads to a decrease in hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), particularly infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE).DESIGNInterrupted time series analysis.SETTINGThe study included 33 community hospitals participating in the Duke Infection Control Outreach Network from January 2008 through December 2013.PARTICIPANTSAll ICU patients at study hospitals during the study period.METHODSOf the 33 hospitals, 17 hospitals implemented CHG bathing during the study period, and 16 hospitals that did not perform CHG bathing served as controls. Primary pre-specified outcomes included ICU central-line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs), primary bloodstream infections (BSI), ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), and catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). MRSA and VRE HAIs were also evaluated.RESULTSChlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) bathing was associated with a significant downward trend in incidence rates of ICU CLABSI (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.93–0.99), ICU primary BSI (IRR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.94–0.99), VRE CLABSIs (IRR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.97–0.98), and all combined VRE infections (IRR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93–1.00). No significant trend in MRSA infection incidence rates was identified prior to or following the implementation of CHG bathing.CONCLUSIONSIn this multicenter, real-world analysis of the impact of CHG bathing, hospitals that implemented CHG bathing attained a decrease in ICU CLABSIs, ICU primary BSIs, and VRE CLABSIs. CHG bathing did not affect rates of specific or overall infections due to MRSA. Our findings support daily CHG bathing of ICU patients.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37:791–797
Nature, the past and the English town: a counter-cultural history
Authors: BORSAY PETER 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTIn investigating urban culture, historians have understandably tended to focus on the man-made and the modern, and have paid less attention to the role of nature and the past, which seem the opposite of what the town stands for. This survey, which takes as its case-study England, argues that nature and the past have always been part of urban life, but as urbanization gathered pace, particularly from the eighteenth century, they became if anything an even more important element in city and town culture.
Disease-specific anxiety symptomatology in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Dissanayaka Nadeeka N. W. , O'Sullivan John D. , Pachana Nancy A. , Marsh Rodney , Silburn Peter A. , White Elizabeth X. , Torbey Elizabeth , Mellick George D. , Copland David A. , Byrne Gerard J. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTBackground:Symptoms of anxiety relating to Parkinson's disease (PD) occur commonly and include symptomatology associated with motor disability and complications arising from PD medication. However, there have been relatively few attempts to profile such disease-specific anxiety symptoms in PD. Consequently, anxiety in PD is underdiagnosed and undertreated. The present study characterizes PD-related anxiety symptoms to assist with the more accurate assessment and treatment of anxiety in PD.Methods:Ninety non-demented PD patients underwent a semi-structured diagnostic assessment targeting anxiety symptoms using relevant sections of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI-plus). In addition, they were assessed for the presence of 30 PD-related anxiety symptoms derived from the literature, the clinical experience of an expert panel and the PD Anxiety-Motor Complications Questionnaire (PDAMCQ). The onset of anxiety in relation to the diagnosis of PD was determined.Results:Frequent (>25%) PD-specific anxiety symptoms included distress, worry, fear, agitation, embarrassment, and social withdrawal due to motor symptoms and PD medication complications, and were experienced more commonly in patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for an anxiety disorder. The onset of common anxiety disorders was observed equally before and after a diagnosis of PD. Patients in a residual group of Anxiety Not Otherwise Specified had an onset of anxiety after a diagnosis of PD.Conclusion:Careful characterization of PD-specific anxiety symptomatology provides a basis for conceptualizing anxiety and assists with the development of a new PD-specific measure to accurately assess anxiety in PD.
HARMLESS DISCRIMINATION
Authors: Slavny Adam , Parr Tom 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTIn Born Free and Equal: A Philosophical Inquiry into the Nature of Discrimination, Kasper Lippert-Rasmussen defends the harm-based account of the wrongness of discrimination, which explains the wrongness of discrimination with reference to the harmfulness of discriminatory acts. Against this view, we offer two objections. The conditions objection states that the harm-based account implausibly fails to recognize that harmless discrimination can be wrong. The explanation objection states that the harm-based account fails adequately to identify all of the wrong-making properties of discriminatory acts. We argue that the structure of a satisfactory view cannot be outcome-focused. A more promising family of views focuses on the deliberation of the discriminator and in particular on the reasons that motivate or fail to motivate her action.
A specialist herbivore pest adaptation to xenobiotics through up-regulation of multiple Cytochrome P450s
Authors: Zhu Fang , Moural Timothy W. , Nelson David R. , Palli Subba R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe adaptation of herbivorous insects to their host plants is hypothesized to be intimately associated with their ubiquitous development of resistance to synthetic pesticides. However, not much is known about the mechanisms underlying the relationship between detoxification of plant toxins and synthetic pesticides. To address this knowledge gap, we used specialist pest Colorado potato beetle (CPB) and its host plant, potato, as a model system. Next-generation sequencing (454 pyrosequencing) was performed to reveal the CPB transcriptome. Differential expression patterns of cytochrome P450 complement (CYPome) were analyzed between the susceptible (S) and imidacloprid resistant (R) beetles. We also evaluated the global transcriptome repertoire of CPB CYPome in response to the challenge by potato leaf allelochemicals and imidacloprid. The results showed that more than half (51.2%) of the CBP cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) that are up-regulated in the R strain are also induced by both host plant toxins and pesticide in a tissue-specific manner. These data suggest that xenobiotic adaptation in this specialist herbivore is through up-regulation of multiple P450s that are potentially involved in detoxifying both pesticide and plant allelochemicals.