bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of functional near infrared spectroscopy as supplementary examination for diagnosis of clinical stages of psychosis spectrum
Authors: Koike Shinsuke , Satomura Yoshihiro , Kawasaki Shingo , Nishimura Yukika , Kinoshita Akihide , Sakurada Hanako , Yamagishi Mika , Ichikawa Eriko , Matsuoka Jun , Okada Naohiro , Takizawa Ryu , Kasai Kiyoto 
Published: July 2017

AimResearch efforts aiming at neuroimaging‐aided differential diagnosis for psychiatric disorders have been progressing rapidly. A previous multisite study has developed a supplementary diagnostic system using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) that can be easily applied to clinical settings. However, few neuroimaging biomarkers have been developed for the psychosis spectrum with various clinical stages.MethodsWe employed the fNIRS as a clinical examination device for 143 participants, comprising 47 ultra‐high risk for psychosis (UHR) individuals, 30 patients with first‐episode psychosis (FEP), 34 patients with chronic schizophrenia (ChSZ), and 33 healthy controls, who were independent of the previous study. A 12‐month follow‐up measurement was also carried out on 34 UHR individuals (72%), 21 patients with FEP (70%), and 33 controls. The fNIRS algorithm variables used for classification were the intensity and timing of prefrontal activation following the start of the cognitive task as used in the previous multisite study.ResultsThe discrimination rate by timing of activation was modest but it became acceptable after adjusting confounding factors. Discrimination by intensity of activation was not improved by similar adjustment. A total of 63.8%, 86.7%, and 81.3% patients were classified as UHR, FEP, and ChSZ, respectively; and 85.1%, 86.7%, and 71.9% of patients in these groups, respectively, were classified as being on the psychosis spectrum. In the follow‐up measurement, 88.2% of individuals with UHR and 95.0% of patients with FEP were successfully classified into the psychosis spectrum group.ConclusionThe fNIRS for supplementary clinical examination could be validly applied to differentiating people with the psychosis spectrum in various clinical stages. The fNIRS is a candidate biological marker for aiding diagnosis of psychosis spectrum in routine clinical settings.
Can Transparency Foster More Understanding and Compliant Citizens?
Authors: Porumbescu Gregory A. , Lindeman Meghan I. H. , Ceka Erica , Cucciniello Maria 
Published: July 2017

AbstractVoluntary policy compliance is an important yet rarely studied topic in public administration. To address the paucity of research, this article proposes and empirically tests a conceptual framework that ties policy transparency and policy understanding to voluntary policy compliance intentions. The reasoning is that the extent to which citizens understand a policy contributes to their intentions to comply with that policy. Further, the authors argue that policy transparency indirectly influences voluntary policy compliance intentions through a positive effect on citizens’ levels of policy understanding. To enhance the validity of the findings, the authors assess these relationships across two policy domains. The findings reflect an indirect positive effect of transparency on voluntary compliance occurring through policy understanding. However, this emerged only for one policy domain. These results suggest that the effects of policy transparency on policy understanding and voluntary policy compliance intentions may depend on the policy domain.
Different origins of two corpora lutea recovered from a pregnant African elephant (Loxodonta africana)
Authors: Yamamoto Y , Nagaoka K , Kamite Y , Watanabe G , Allen T , Stansfield F , Taya K 
Published: July 2017

ContentsElephant ovaries contain multiple corpora lutea (CLs) throughout pregnancy. Two CLs (P‐1 and P‐2) collected from a pregnant African elephant were used to investigate their origin and physiological state in this study. The mRNA expressions of prolactin receptor, CYP11A and inhibin betaB subunit were higher in P‐2 than in P‐1, while LHCGR and inhibin betaA subunit mRNA were higher in P‐1 than in P‐2. Protein expression of cleaved caspase‐3 was detected in P‐1 but not in P‐2. These results suggest different origins for the two CLs in this one pregnant elephant, and we also demonstrated the production of bioactive prolactin by the elephant placenta.
Seasonal or pathological findings? Morphofunctional characteristics of the equine endometrium during the autumn and spring transition
Authors: Killisch R , Böttcher D , Theuß T , Edzards H , Martinsson G , Einspanier A , Gottschalk J , Schoon H‐A 
Published: July 2017

ContentsThe deep anoestrous phase in winter is part of the anovulatory season in mares and is bordered by the autumn and spring transitional periods (ATP/STP). To define an annual time span for effective prognostic biopsy sampling, the aim of this study was to provide a morphofunctional characterization of the endometrium during ATP and STP. To outline both transitional periods, endometrial specimens were taken in September, October and November (n = 76) as well as February, March and April (n = 184) with the requirement of a detailed clinical documentation. Tissue samples were examined histologically with special emphasis on the functional endometrial morphology. Additionally, an immunohistochemical evaluation was performed on selected specimens regarding the expression of oestrogen receptor α, progesterone receptor and Ki67‐antigen. An absent to low endometrial activity was ascertained in more than 60% of all specimens from late October onwards, whereas a comparably lacking or low activity in STP was observed until early April. Approximately 30% (ATP) to 22% (STP) of all samples exhibited a predominantly “irregular” endometrial differentiation. During the transitional periods, the clinically evaluated ovarian status (transrectal palpation, transrectal ultrasonography and/or serum progesterone and oestrogen analyses) and the endometrial functional morphology were in accordance with approximately 70% of all cases. The expression of steroid hormone receptors and Ki67‐antigen was generally low. Given that endometrial maldifferentiations were frequently found during ATP and STP, its occurence might display a characteristic and physiological feature of the transitional periods. Regarding the functional endometrial morphology, a diagnostic biopsy sampling should therefore be performed between late April and before September.
Ovsynch Plus protocol improves ovarian response in anovular Murrah buffaloes in low‐breeding season
Authors: Sharma RK , Phulia SK , Jerome A , Singh I 
Published: July 2017

ContentsThe objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of ovarian response and pregnancy rate in anovular buffaloes following Ovsynch and Ovsynch Plus protocols. Buffaloes (n = 55) were divided into two groups: Ovsynch group (n = 26): GnRH (10 μg, GnRH1) on Day 0, PGF2α (25 mg) on Day 7, GnRH (10 μg, GnRH2) on Day 9; Ovsynch Plus group (n = 29): 500 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) 72 hr (day −3) prior to Ovsynch protocol, followed by fixed timed artificial insemination (FTAI) 6 and 24 hr after GnRH2 injection in bot groups. Transrectal ultrasonography was performed daily, that is, from day 0 and −3 in Ovsynch and Ovsynch Plus group, respectively for ovarian response and pregnancy diagnosis at day 30 post‐insemination. In Ovsynch Plus group, administration of eCG prior to GnRH1 increased (p < .001) the diameter (mm) of dominant follicle (DF) from 10.15 ± 0.26 to 12.23 ± 0.34 within 72 hr of treatment resulting higher ovulatory response to GnRH1. Ovulation after GnRH1 was higher (p < .01) in Ovsynch Plus group (96.6%) than Ovsynch group (61.5%). However, ovulation rate to GnRH2 was similar (p > .05) between groups (Ovsynch group: 76.9% vs. Ovsynch Plus group: 70.0%). Mean DF diameter (mm) that ovulated to both GnRHs was higher (p < .01) than non‐ovulated counterparts in both groups (Ovsynch group: 10.80 ± 0.27 vs. 8.47 ± 0.53; Ovsynch Plus group: 11.99 ± 0.24 vs. 9.5 ± 0.63). Pregnancy was established in buffaloes which responded to both GnRHs, irrespective of groups, being higher (p = .52) in Ovsynch Plus group (34.5%) than Ovsynch group (23.1%), though non‐significant. In summary, this study showed that eCG inclusion prior to Ovsynch regimen improves ovulatory response in anovular buffaloes during low‐breeding season.
Successful liver transplantation despite donor‐transmitted ESBL‐producing Klebsiella pneumoniae infection: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Escolà‐Vergé Laura , Los‐Arcos Ibai , José González‐López Juan , Lung Mayli , Bilbao Itxarone , Farré Mercè , Pont Teresa , Sandiumenge Alberto , Gavaldà Joan , Len Oscar 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDonor‐derived bacterial infection is a recognized complication of solid organ transplantation. Patients admitted to the intensive care unit are increasingly exposed to infection with multidrug‐resistant microorganisms. However, no specific recommendations are available about their suitability as donors. We report a case of donor‐transmitted extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase‐producing Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in a liver recipient, and review the related literature.
Plasma protein electrophoresis as a prognostic indicator in Aspergillus species‐infected Gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua papua)
Authors: Naylor Adam D. , Girling Simon J. , Brown Donna , Crompton Claire G. , Pizzi Romain 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundAvian aspergillosis presents a significant threat to captive penguin populations. Currently, a lack of objective prognostic factors limits disease staging, objective reassessment throughout treatment, comparative evaluation of treatment regimes, and appropriate timing of euthanasia.ObjectiveThe study objective was to investigate absolute and relative plasma protein fractions by agarose gel electrophoresis (EPH) as predictors of survival in Gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua papua) under treatment for aspergillosis.MethodsOne hundred and eighty‐three EPH profiles from individual clinical cases were examined retrospectively. Animal survival to 90 days post sampling was established from clinical records; birds either survived (n = 146) or died within 90 days (n = 37), and time to death was recorded.ResultsFourteen variables showed statistically significant differences (P < .05) between surviving and dying birds. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified total albumin concentration (albumin + prealbumin) and albumin‐to‐globulin (A:G) ratio as having strongest discriminatory values (95% CI) at 0.788 (0.710–0.866) and 0.784 (0.696–0.871), respectively. Albumin (concentration and percentage of total protein) displayed moderate discriminatory value but additionally a weak positive correlation with time to death (95% CI); r = .353 (0.033–0.608) and .424 (0.116–0.658), respectively.ConclusionsOptimized test cutoffs for total albumins, albumin (concentration and percentage of total protein), and A:G ratio achieved moderate sensitivity and specificity, strong negative predictive values, but weak positive predictive values due to a low prevalence of death. Selection of appropriate test cutoff values may provide valuable adjunctive prognostic tools for clinical decision‐making when the prognosis is difficult to assess clinically.
Solon of Athens as a Precedent for Plutarch’s Authorial Persona
Authors: Klooster Jacqueline 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSolon is the subject of both a Plutarchan biography (Solon) and a philosophical dialogue (Convivium septem sapientium). In this article I argue that Plutarch creates a precedent for his authorial persona of wise but modest adviser of the ruling class under the Roman empire in the figure of the Athenian sage Solon, presumably inspired by the fact that Herodotus used Solon as a text-internal alter ego. To this end I analyze in particular how Plutarch represents Solon’s way of dealing with rulers and tyrants (Pisistratus, Philocyprus, Croesus, Periander). I ask whether in this Solon can be considered successful or not, and why. I submit that Plutarch’s representation of Solon aims to provide authority to some of the remarkable aspects of his authorial persona, in particular its emphatic modesty and pragmatism with regard to absolute rule. Plutarch does this in particular by showing that it was a time-honoured and respectable practice for wise Greeks to act as advisor to rulers, even tyrants.
Le rythme de la prose de Phérécyde de Syros
Authors: Gheerbrant Xavier 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe prose treatise that Pherecydes of Syros composed in the middle of the 6th centuryBCshows several instances where the rhythm of the dactylic hexameter is imitated. After defining four criteria to identify such imitations of dactylic rhythm by archaic prose writers (word order within the rhythmic sequence, potential substitution to an unmarked rhythm, length and interpretation), I analyse six examples and I argue that Pherecydes introduces rhythmic echoes to underscore the differences of his own view from the thought-contents that were developed by epic and theogonic poems. This study sheds light on traditional problems raised by archaic prose treatises: I argue that Pherecydes’ work was meant to be read before an audience on which it was intended to have an effect. In this light, it seems unlikely that his treatise had a purely hypomnematic function, or that it was only meant to be disclosed within the school itself.
Aphelenchoides salixae n. sp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) isolated from Salix alba in western Iran
Authors: Esmaeili Mehrab , Heydari Ramin , Tahmoures Mohammad , Ye Weimin 
Published: July 2017

Aphelenchoides salixaen. sp. was isolated from wood and bark samples of a dead willow in Kermanshah Province, western Iran. The nematodes were collected directly from wood samples and were successfully reared onBotrytis cinerea. The new species has a body length of 567 (507-620) μm (females) and 382 or 400 μm (males). The cuticle is weakly annulated with four lateral lines. Lip region offset. The stylet is 9.5 (9-10) μm long with small basal swellings. The excretory pore is locatedcaone body diam. posterior to the metacorpus valve. The spicules are short with the dorsal limb 14 or 15 μm long (n = 2), apex and rostrum rounded and only slight offset. The female tail is cylindrical with a broadly rounded terminus. The male tail is conical, bearing six (2 + 2 + 2) caudal papillae with a hamate mucron at terminus. The new species belongs to the Group 1 category ofAphelenchoidesspecies and is close to seven known species, namely:A. capsuloplanus,A. confusus,A. limberi,A. obtusicaudatus,A. obtusus,A. orientalisandA. rotundicaudatus. Molecular analyses of the partial 18S, D2-D3 expansion segments of the 28S rRNA genes and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) supported it as a new species and that the new species is closest toA.besseyi,A. fujianensisandA. ritzemabosiin dendrograms inferred using 18S and 28S D2-D3 genes.
A Model Program for the Development of Creativity in Science
Authors: Kopelman Milton , Galasso Vincent G. , Strom Pearl 
Published: July 2017

The theoretical basis of the overall program plan is that gifted youngsters who are potentially creative in the sciences can have their c-i-eatit,e productivity levels significantly increased by a planned educational program. This program begins in the ninth year and continues with selected students through the tenth and eleventh years. Each component of the program is designed to move the students through increased levels of sophistication in the development of their creativity. The program culminates with each of the selected students in the eleventh year producing an original, independent piece of scientific research. Although the program described has as its setting a specialized high school, it is the authors' belief that the program can be replicated in part or completely in any comprehensive high school. Background
The Prospects of Intrafaith Dialogue in Nigeria
Authors: Adamo D. T. , Enuwosa J. 
Published: July 2017

This study is the story of the efforts of Nigerian Christians to form a monolithic church. The major problem was how to overcome division which accompanied European Christianity. The search has demonstrated that the church in Nigeria cannot attain organic union in the sense of absolute unity because Christian union is ultimately eschatological in nature. The destiny of the church is organic union to which its total incorporation in Christ leads. It looks forward into the far future of the final consummation. In the interim, the visible church can only achieve unity in a more restricted concept of unity-in-diversity which constitutes a point on the road to ultimate union with Christ. Thus the multiplicity of denominations does not abolish the essential unity of the visible church.
Assessing Missional Effectiveness of Midterm Missionaries
Authors: Terry Douglas W. 
Published: July 2017

The American short-term mission movement's rapid development is a phenomenon that serious missiologists must face. Is it possible to assess the effectiveness of short-term missionaries' work in their main mission ministries? Might one discover statistical correlations between this assessment and the way the short-termers were utilized? For Nazarene “midtermers” (noncareer short-termers serving cross-culturally at least three months), the author answers in the affirmative. Research input from midtermers, career missionaries, and national Christians with whom they served, reveals strong correlations between midtermers' missional effectiveness and certain aspects of their selection, preparation, and placement. Useful recommendations for administration of midtermers follow.
New Sources Of Carbon Black
Authors: Gotshall William W. , Fernandes Dudley P. 
Published: July 2017

The search for new or substitute rubber reinforcing materials for the rubber industry has greatly accelerated in the last few years due to two major problems facing the traditional carbon black industry — shortage of feedstocks and disproportionate increases in the price of these feedstocks. This paper discusses two promising substitute materials that potentially can replace 35—40% of the existing carbon black market. The first process produces a substitute black using fluid petroleum coke as raw material. Fluid coke is first pulverized to sub-micron particles in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, then these particles are coated to protect the highly active surfaces from oxidation until they are incorporated into the rubber. Advantages offered by this process are high profitability, low capital costs, high yields, no polluting wastes, low energy requirements (80% less than for conventional processes). The second process produces a reinforcing black from scrap automobile tires. Chopped scrap tires are pyrolyzed under conditions that maximize carbon production. This rubber char is then pulverized as described above to produce a reinforcing black. In addition to the advantages offered by the fluid coke process described above, the rubber char process further reduces new energy consumption to virtually zero since the feedstock provides all the energy required to operate the process.
Comparison of Dynamically Loaded PP/EPDM- and PP/mPE-Blends Using the Hysteresis Measurement Method
Authors: Raue Frank , Ehrenstein Gottfried W. 
Published: July 2017

New metallocene polymerized polyethylenes (mPE) with low densities possess elastomeric properties and show good dispersibility in poly-propylene (PP). Therefore substituting mPE for EPDM in PP/EPDM-blends has the potential to improve blend properties. However, their technical application requires knowledge of critical load values. This work shows the deformation behavior of PP/EPDM- and PP/mPE-blends under static and dynamic loading. Dynamic load limits are obtained using the hysteresis measurement method. The influence of the type and the amount of soft phase on different mechanical properties is examined.
An Innovative Study to Evaluate Fillers, Part 1: Carbon Black and Silica
Authors: Patel Arvind C. 
Published: July 2017

The main components of a rubber compound, polymer and fillers, are evaluated jointly to characterize the reinforcing characteristic of carbon black and silica. A new concept has been developed around three filler parameters: (1) surface area, N2SA; (2) volume of the aggregate, VF; and (3) volume fraction of the filler in a compound, (c. These parameters are associated with a decrease in the randomly oriented polymer chains from unity. This decrease is attributed to the interaction between surface chemistry and morphology of the filler. Two parameters are derived from the colloidal properties of the filler: total volume (0t) and total surface area (E,). The experimental data discuss dynamic and technological properties as a function of Es and Qt. The fillers involved in the study are carbon black and silica. Compound properties were obtained, at variable loading, in filled and unfilled S-SBR, E-SBR, EPDM and NR. The second part discusses rubber properties, at constant loading, of carbon black and silica. The concept was applied to create precise blends of carbon black and silica to reduce hysteresis and duplicate silica compound properties. The results demonstrate a very sensitive relationship between filler parameters Es and qt with compound properties.
Sex Differences in the Anatomical Distribution of Melanocytic Nevi in Canadian Hutterite Children
Authors: Kwan Tammi Y. , Belke Terry W. , Enta Tom 
Published: July 2017

Background: Studies of the distribution of melanocytic nevi (MN) and/or cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) in white populations have commonly observed greater numbers of MN and CMM on the torsos of males and on the limbs of females. The most commonly cited explanation for this sex difference is differential sunlight exposure of body subsites due to gender differences in clothing styles and recreational activities. Less common, but more speculative, explanations suggest hormonal differences or regional differences in melanocytes across body subsites. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate these explanations in light of sex differences in the anatomical distribution of nevi in Canadian Hutterite children whose traditional religious costume protects them from sun exposure. Methods: Nevi counts from 178 male and 154 female children, aged 5 to 15 years, from 23 Central Alberta Hutterite colonies were broken down by age and body subsite. Results: At age levels from 6 to 15 years, males had greater nevus counts on the torso, whereas females had greater counts on the upper and lower limbs. Conclusion: The appearance of this distribution of nevi in sun-protected children as early as age 6 is problematic for explanations based on differential sunlight exposure and hormonal changes at puberty.
Review of Teleconsultations for Dermatologic Diseases
Authors: Phillips Charles M. , Burke William A. , Bergamo Bethany , Mofrad Susan 
Published: July 2017

Background: Telemedicine has been increasingly used in some areas to provide consultation for isolated populations that might otherwise have difficulty accessing specialty care. Little information exists on what types of patients or diseases are being seen in dermatology telemedicine consultation services. Objective: To review our consultations done over a regional telemedicine network with an emphasis on looking at what type of patient, cutaneous diseases, and diagnostic or therapeutic recommendations were made. Results: Between August 1992 and December 1997, 796 teleconsultations were done. The most common diagnoses made were eczemas, follicular based diseases, skin infections, and skin tumours. Steroids were the most commonly recommended therapy, along with antibiotics, antihistamines, and antifungal therapy. Diagnostic recommendations commonly made were a skin biopsy and potassium hydroxide preparation. Conclusion: Common skin problems were seen by our dermatology teleconsultation service. A significant number of diagnostic biopsies and potassium hydroxide preparations were recommended. The efficacy of telemedicine in the delivery of dermatologic care is reviewed.