bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Spherical Aberration Terms on Multifocal Contact Lens Performance
Authors: Fedtke Cathleen , Sha Jennifer , Thomas Varghese , Ehrmann Klaus , Bakaraju Ravi C. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To investigate the impact of the primary (PSA) and secondary (SSA) spherical aberration terms on visual performance (VP) in presbyopes, as measured using multifocal (MFCL) soft contact lenses on eye.

Methods
Seventeen presbyopes (age: 55.1 ± 6.9 years) wore seven commercial lenses (four center-near (MFCL N), one center-distance (MFCL D), one bifocal, and one single vision control). Unaided and with each lens on eye, the PSA and SSA terms were obtained with an aberrometer, the BHVI-EyeMapper (low illumination, natural and 4 mm pupil diameter). High- and low-contrast distance visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, high-contrast visual acuities at near, and range of clear vision were measured. In addition, subjective VP variables included clarity of vision at distance and near, ghosting, and overall vision satisfaction. Pearson’s correlation was used to determine the association between the PSA and SSA terms and the VP variables.

Results
PSA (natural pupil) was more negative (P < .05) with the MFCL N (mean PSA = −0.053 ± 0.080 μm) and bifocal (PSA = +0.005 ± 0.067 μm) lenses and more positive with the MFCL D lens (PSA = +0.208 ± 0.160 μm) than the control (+0.067 ± 0.072 μm). SSA (natural pupil) was significantly more positive for the MFCL N lenses (mean SSA = +0.025 ± 0.029 μm) compared to the control (SSA = −0.001 ± 0.017 μm). PSA and SSA terms were significantly (P < .05) correlated with 78% and 56% of VP variables, respectively, but the correlation coefficients were weak, ranging between |0.210| and |0.334|. Although distance variables showed improved VP with more positive PSA or negative SSA, most near variables showed improved VP with more negative PSA. Range of clear focus was greater for more negative PSA terms.

Conclusions
The amount and direction of PSA and SSA terms, as measured with different MFCLs on eye, can affect VP at different distances. Results of this study may provide useful information when designing new or optimize existing MFCLs for improved VP at specific distances.
Low–Tube Voltage Computed Tomography During Hepatic Arterial Phase: The Effect of Body Habitus on Image Quality
Authors: Park Yang Shin , Lee Chang Hee , Lee Jongmee , Choi Jae Woong , Kim Kyeong Ah , Park Cheol Min 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of body habitus factors on image quality of low–tube voltage computed tomography (CT) during the hepatic arterial phase.

Materials and Methods
Ninety-seven patients (66 men, 31 women; age range, 26–78 years) who underwent clinically indicated liver dynamic CT examination were enrolled in the study. Analysis with 80-kVp CT and intermediate tube current (277–337 mA) was performed in the late hepatic arterial phase using a 320–detector row scanner with adaptive iterative dose reduction 3-dimensional reconstruction. Patient body habitus was measured using body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), lateral width (LW) of the abdomen, and muscle volume (MV) of the abdominal wall. On hepatic arterial phase, the mean image noise and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) for the aorta and liver were assessed. The correlations between body habitus factors and image quality parameters were evaluated.

Results
In all patients, MV showed the strongest correlation with image noise, followed by BW and LW (r = 0.684, 0.570, and 0.555, respectively). The BMI showed the fourth strongest correlation with image noise among all body habitus factors (r = 0.377). With respect to CNR of the aorta, MV and BW showed the strongest inverse correlation (r = −0.590 and −0.600, respectively), followed by LW and BMI (r = −0.557 and −0.423, respectively). Regarding the CNR of the liver, MV showed the strongest inverse correlation (r = −0.279), although the correlation efficiency was weak compared with other correlations.

Conclusions
Among various body habitus factors, MV showed the strongest association with image noise and CNR in the hepatic arterial phase using 80-kVp CT.
Morphometric Study of the Vestibular Aqueduct in Patients With Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct
Authors: Lyu Huiying , Chen Keguang , Xie Youzhou , Yang Lin , Zhang Tianyu , Dai Peidong 
Published: November 2016

Objective
To test whether there are significant differences in the morphologic features of the enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) and its anatomic relationships with adjacent structures between EVA patients with and without other inner ear malformations.

Methods
The morphology of vestibular aqueduct, volume of vestibule, and anatomic location of facial nerve (FN) were compared among 3 groups. Group A, 18 control subjects; group B, 32 EVA patients without other inner ear malformations; group C, 14 EVA patients with other inner ear malformations.

Results
The isthmus of the aqueduct and vestibular volume in group C were larger than those in group B (P < 0.05). Positive correlations were identified between the length of the aqueduct and the vestibular volume in groups B and C. The vertical FN segment in group C located more anteriorly than that in groups A and B (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Compared with EVA patients without other inner ear malformations, the aqueduct, and vestibule in EVA patients with other inner ear malformations are larger, the vertical FN segment locates more anteriorly.
Diagnostic Computed Tomography Coregistration With In-111-DTPA-Octreotide Single Photon Emission Tomography/Low-Dose Computed Tomography
Authors: Tshori Sagi , Bocher Moshe , Yuzefovich Bella , Rubinstein Rina , Gross David J. , Fraenkel Merav , Krausz Yodphat 
Published: November 2016

Objectives
In-111-DTPA-octreotide (OctreoScan) is still pivotal for neuroendocrine tumor imaging, despite the introduction of Ga-68-octreotide tracers. Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) assists in the localization of SPECT findings but often results in uncertain interpretation. This retrospective study evaluates the impact of coregistration of In-111-DTPA-octreotide SPECT/LDCT with diagnostic CT on interpretation.

Methods
Thirty-five consecutive studies, in which coregistration was performed because of uncertain interpretation, were evaluated. Presence of somatostatin receptors was categorized retrospectively as definitely positive, probably positive, probably negative, or definitely negative with and without rigid registration with diagnostic CT, and possible added value of coregistration was evaluated.

Results
Coregistration was performed in 35 studies. However, on subsequent reading, 4 SPECT/CTs yielded definite results and were omitted. Coregistration was helpful in 30 of the remaining 31 cases, changing reading to definitely positive (7) or to definitely negative (23). In 13 of the 23 cases, diagnosis changed from probably positive to definitely negative. Coregistration contributed in 42 of 48 sites, with greatest benefit in the liver (13/14), pancreas (10/10), and lymph nodes (6/6).

Conclusions
Coregistration is becoming increasingly easier and may be utilized when SPECT/LDCT is inconclusive.
No Superiority of Treatment With Osmotic Controlled-Release Oral Delivery System–Methylphenidate Over Short/Medium-Acting Methylphenidate Preparations in the Rate and Timing of Injuries in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Golubchik Pavel , Kodesh Arad , Weizman Abraham 
Published: November 2016

Objectives
Methylphenidate (MPH) treatment in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is reported to reduce the risk for injuries. In the present study, the rate and timing of injuries were compared among the various MPH preparations (4 and 6–8 vs 12 hour-acting) in children with ADHD.

Methods
This real-world retrospective study covered the years 2011 to 2013. Participants included 2042 youngsters (aged 4–18 years, 13.01 ± 3.2 years; 71.8% males and 28.2% females) diagnosed with ADHD according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision criteria and treated with various MPH preparations. They were divided into 2 groups by their treatment preparation as follows: MPH-immediate release (MPH-IR)—4 hour-acting pooled with MPH-slow release/long-acting (MPH-SR/LA)— 6 to 8 hour-acting versus osmotic controlled-release oral delivery system-MPH (OROS-MPH; Concerta)—12 hour-acting that consisted of pooling of OROS-MPH only and OROS-MPH combined with the other MPH preparations. The monthly rates of injury, specifically, late injury (occurrence between 4:00 p.m. to midnight) and for multiple injuries, the time interval between injuries, were assessed.

Results
No significant differences in monthly rate of nonfatal injuries were found between OROS-MPH with or without 4/6 to 8 hour-acting MPH-formulations versus only 4/6 to 8 hour-acting MPH-preparations (P = 0.53). Neither were differences found in the between-injury time interval (P = 0.83) or in late-injury-rates (P = 0.37) between those groups.

Conclusions
This real-world-naturalistic study in the community demonstrates that, in ADHD pediatric populations, OROS-MPH preparation is not superior to short/medium-acting (4/6–8 hours) MPH preparations regarding the rate and timing of injuries.
Multiple Confounders Correction with Regularized Linear Mixed Effect Models, with Application in Biological Processes
Authors: Wang Haohan , Yang Jingkang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we inspect the performance of regularized linear mixed effect models, as an extension of linear mixed effect model, when multiple confounding factors coexist. We first review its parameter estimation algorithms before we introduce three different methods for multiple confounding factors correction, namely concatenation, sequence, and interpolation. Then we investigate the performance on variable selection task and predictive task on three different data sets, synthetic data set, semi-empirical synthetic data set based on genome sequences and brain wave data set connecting to confused mental states. Our results suggest that sequence multiple confounding factors corrections behave the best when different confounders contribute equally to response variables. On the other hand, when various confounders affect the response variable unevenly, results mainly rely on the degree of how the major confounder is corrected.
Constructing high-density linkage maps with MapDisto 2.0
Authors: Heffelfinger Christopher , Fragoso Christopher A. , Lorieux Mathias 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe present the second major release of MapDisto, a multi-platform, user-friendly computer program for constructing genetic linkage maps of experimental populations. This version includes several new major features: (i) handling of very large genotyping datasets like the ones generated by genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS); (ii) direct importation and conversion of Variant Call Format (VCF) files; (iii) detection of linkage,i.e.construction of linkage groups in case of segregation distortion; (iv) data imputation on VCF files using a new approach, called LB-Impute. These features operate through inclusion of new Java modules that are installed and used transparently by MapDisto; (v) QTL detectionviaa new R/qtl graphical interface.The program is available free of charge atmapdisto.free.fr.
CSR as a strategy in Tata Power Delhi Distribution Limited
Authors: Kwatra Pratigya , Singh Nimisha , Pandey Akhil , Sahay Arunaditya 
Published: November 2016

Subject area
The subject area is corporate social responsibility (CSR).

Study level/applicability
The study is applicable to undergraduate- and graduate-level courses on CSR.

Case overview
The case discusses the issue of integrating CSR in TPDDL’s (TPDDL – Tata Power Delhi Distribution Limited) business model. TPDDL was formed as the result of a joint venture between Delhi Vidyut Board and Tata Power. At the time of the joint venture, a large number of users of electricity in Jhuggi-Jhopdi (JJ) clusters were not paying for electricity usage. A huge number of residents were not even in the system where they could be billed. The ones who were in the system had strong political banking as they were huge vote banks and hence would not pay. Only 40 per cent of electricity that was going to JJ cluster was billed due to this TPDDL was incurring huge commercial losses. As residents had very low income, TPDDL decided to invest in CSR activities to train the residents so that they could secure a job and pay the bills as well. Mr Praveer Sinha, MD and chief executive officer (CEO), urged his team to bring 100 per cent JJ clusters under the billing net without any coercive measures. TPDDL adopted parent company Tata’s CSR code and came up with innovative ways of engaging with these communities.

Expected learning outcomes
The outcomes are: strategic CSR initiatives for business excellence; incorporating CSR in existing business Model 3; role of stakeholders in CSR implementation; and benefits accruing from CSR activities.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code
CSS 11: Strategy.
When debt comes knocking
Authors: Sharma Aasha Jayant 
Published: November 2016

Subject area
General management/Strategy: Problems with debt recovery industry in India Strategic positioning and core competencies: expansion plans.

Study level/applicability
The case can be used on an MBA program for a course in strategic management. It can be used to understand the concept of strategic positioning. It will give the students an opportunity to critically evaluate a firm’s strategic positioning in the competitive environment, enable them to understand how to create and capture superior value by differentiating as compared with other players in an industry and address expansion and growth strategies.

Case overview
The case represents the success story of “Adhikrut Jabti evam vasuli”, a debt recovery agency that dared to use the unconventional strategy of employing women as recovery agents, against the stereotyped muscle-flexing male agents. Continuous focus on improving the processes and systems backed by an authoritative yet tactful approach of persuasion and patience has brought this recovery agency accolades and growth. But now Parag Shah the Managing Director is planning to expand its horizons and wonders whether he should go ahead opening up more branch offices across the country or whether he should convert his recovery firm into an Asset reconstruction company.

Expected learning outcomes
The case reinforces the importance of “Strategic positioning” of a firm due to well-planned differentiation in services. The case also addresses concepts of leadership, standardization, people skills and relationship management.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code
CSS 11: Strategy.
Developing and managing photovoltaic facilities based on third-party ownership business models in buildings
Authors: Lam Patrick T.I. , YU Jack S. 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the growing trend of developing and managing photovoltaic facilities owned by third parties in buildings, as a possible alternative to energy performance contracting.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on an established business model template, analysis is carried out on the framework of using third-party finance in the provision of photovoltaic facilities in buildings. Case studies in the USA and China enable comparison of policy tools enabling this approach.

Findings
While barriers exist in the common energy performance contracting approach for renewable installations owned by the building owner, vesting photovoltaic equipment with a third party for a certain period has become a viable business alternative as long as revenue is generated through a power purchase agreement or lease arrangement with the building owner.

Research limitations/implications
The third-party ownership business model works better if sufficient policy incentives exist alongside the revenue brought about by renewable energy. Hence, governments have to create the right environment.

Originality/value
Win-win situations have been identified through case studies in countries with burgeoning renewable energy use in buildings, notably the USA and China, giving new insights on facilities management.
Modelling factors influencing the adoption of smart-home technologies
Authors: Wong Johnny Kwok Wai , Leung Jodith K.L. 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
Smart-home technology (SHT) has been identified by the World Health Organization as a possible solution for assisting older people to maintain their independence and to live safely at home when performing the activities of daily living. This study aims to identify the factors, as well as their inter-relationships, influencing senior citizens to adopt elderly-friendly SHT that supports ageing-in-place in high-density Hong Kong living settings.

Design/methodology/approach
An interpretive structural modelling approach has been used to analyse the factors to develop a better understanding of the relationships between factors influencing SHT adoption, and “Matrice d’Impacts Croisés-Multiplication Appliquée à un Classement” analysis has been used to classify the analysed factors.

Findings
The results suggested that strong government support, efficient backup supporting service and the design of user interface devices have been found as the driving factors encouraging the adoption of SHT. Other factors, including the maintenance of devices, levels of usage and penetration of devices, individual needs and financial considerations, were considered as autonomous factors and are less important to the decision to adopt SHT.

Originality/value
This study provides useful information to policymakers and building designers on the human perspective of SHT adoption, such as the needs and requirements of older people to be considered in SHT technical design and appropriate technological solutions.
Simulation of home-hospital impacts on crowding – FM implications
Authors: Fard John , Roper Kathy O. , Hess Jeremy 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
This study aims to evaluate home-hospital implications for facility management (FM) and, in particular, ED crowding. Home-hospital programs, in which select patients receive hospital-level care at home, can extend hospital facility capacity. Emergency department (ED) crowding, a sensitive hospital capacity indicator, is associated with unsafe operations and reduced quality of care.

Design/methodology/approach
The impact of a home-hospital program on crowding was analyzed with a discrete-event simulation model using one month of historical data from a case hospital. Time ED patients waited for inpatient beds was the primary endpoint. Five scenarios with different levels of patient suitability for home-hospital were each run 30 times. Differences were evaluated using paired t-tests.

Findings
Implementing home-hospital reduced ED crowding by up to 3 per cent. Additionally, the simulation yielded insights regarding advantages and limitations of various home-hospital arrangements, suggested which hospital types may be the best candidates for home-hospital and highlighted the role of bed-cleaning turnaround times and environmental services staffing schedules in operations.

Research limitations/implications
This research examined home-hospital and crowding at one hospital. Developing a model that accounts for all hospital types requires significant data and many hospital partnerships but could allow for more informed decisions regarding implementation of such programs.

Social implications
This research has implications for ensuring access to ED care, an important source of acute care generally and particularly for the underserved.

Originality/value
This research systematically evaluates home-hospital’s impact on ED crowding. Simulation modeling resulted in analytical results and allowed for evaluation of what-if scenarios providing recommendations for hospital FMs on their role in decreasing ED boarding.
Analysis of assessment methodologies suitable for building performance
Authors: Støre-Valen Marit , Lohne Jardar 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
The paper aims to examine assessment tools for strategic performance evaluation of building and Norwegian practice in light of international practise.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper includes a literature review of literature describing the use of assessment tools suitable for building performance evaluation. In this paper, the authors examine, first, what properties they find most essential when assessing building portfolios. This analysis is outlined in the theoretical framework section. Second, the authors examine what are the propensities of the analytic assessment tools that they perceive as to be found in the forefront of contemporary methodological development for examining building performance. These propensities are presented in the findings chapter. The authors discuss how they measure their applicability and impact of use.

Findings
The authors found several interesting methods for assessing building performance in general. In particular, the feed forward loop from Steinke, developed from BSC, Soft Landings Framework and the Norwegian multiMap method are recommended.

Practical implications
This conceptual paper addresses methodological challenges in a comparative way. This comparative approach permits for an identification of respective strengths and weaknesses. It suggests concrete points of reference enabling an increase in the performance of such methodologies.

Originality/value
The paper is original in its approach of several methodological tools in light of concepts such as viability and adaptability. By doing this, it underlines the necessity to include social and adaptive dimensions of strategic building portfolio assessment tools.
Numerical simulation on sprue distributions during cladding casting process
Authors: Han Xing , Zhang Haitao , Shao Bo , Wang Dongtao , Cheng Longgang , Guo Yadong , Qin Ke , Cui Jianzhong 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of sprue distributions on the flow field and temperature field of the cladding casting process and verify the simulation results by experiments.

Design/methodology/approach
A steady-state mathematic model for the coupling of fluid flow, heat transfer and solidification to describe the process of cladding casting was present. The effect of sprue distributions on melt flow and temperature field was discussed. Based on the numerical simulation results, the cladding billet was prepared successfully. Moreover, the model has been verified against by temperature measurements during the cladding casting process.

Findings
There is a good agreement between the measured and calculated results. The homogeneity of melt flow determines the formability of cladding billets and circular temperature difference affects the bonding of the two alloys. The AA4045/AA3003 cladding billet with no defects in size of f140/f110 mm was fabricated successfully. The alloy elements diffused across the interface and formed diffusion layer with a thickness of 15 µm. The interface bonding strength is higher than the tensile strength of AA3003, indicating the metallurgical bonding between two alloys.

Research limitations/implications
The casting parameters are limited to the aluminum alloy cladding billet in size of f140/f110 mm in this paper.

Originality/value
There are few reports of cladding billet, which are used to prepare condense pipes of automotive engines. The effect of distribution schemes on the cladding casting process is rarely studied.