bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resistance of single polyaniline fibers and their junctions measured by double-probe atomic force microscopy
Authors: Higuchi Rintaro , Shingaya Yoshitaka , Nakayama Tomonobu 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Electrical properties of polyaniline (PANI) fibers are of our interest as a component of network materials. Using a multiple-probe atomic force microscope with tuning fork probes, we investigated the resistance of single PANI fibers and their cross-point junction where the fibers contact each other. The resistivity of single PANI fibers was measured to be on the order of 10 Ω cm, and the contact resistance between PANI fibers was on the order of GΩ. The resistances through single cross-point junctions between two PANI fibers were very much dependent on the experimental condition, that is, the cross-point junction is stabilized or destabilized by physically placing the probes onto the two fibers. This suggests the nanomechanical instability of the cross-point junctions and a possibility to construct strain-responsive PANI fiber networks.
Description and Comparison of the Sonographic Characteristics of Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma and Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Hahn Soo Yeon , Shin Jung Hee 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesAlthough poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma account for a substantial portion of the morbidity and mortality associated with thyroid cancer, a chance of a cure exists with aggressive treatment, especially in patients with poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma. The goal of this study was to evaluate the sonographic characteristics of poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma and to compare the sonographic findings of poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas.MethodsThe study included 29 patients with 30 poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas and 26 patients with 26 anaplastic thyroid carcinomas. Two radiologists retrospectively reviewed sonographic findings. Clinical and sonographic findings were compared between poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas by univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsIn the group of patients with poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma, the mean age was 53.7 years (range, 14–73 years), and the mean tumor size was 3.6 cm (range, 0.6–10.0 cm). The common sonographic findings of poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma were heterogeneous echogenicity (93.3%), solitary nodules (80.0%), a circumscribed margin (63.3%), an oval‐to‐round shape (63.3%), and hypoechogenicity (60.0%). A circumscribed margin (P = .003) and an oval‐to‐round shape (P = .015) were significantly more frequent in poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma than in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. In the multivariate analysis, only the circumscribed margin on sonography was an independent predicting factor for poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (odds ratio, 4.642).ConclusionsBoth poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma commonly present as a relatively large malignant mass on sonography; however, poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma showed a significantly higher incidence of a circumscribed margin and an oval‐to‐round shape than anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Knowledge of sonographic characteristics will be useful for differentiation of poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas.
An improved empirical model of electron and ion fluxes at geosynchronous orbit based on upstream solar wind conditions
Authors: Denton M. H. , Henderson M. G. , Jordanova V. K. , Thomsen M. F. , Borovsky J. E. , Woodroffe J. , Hartley D. P. , Pitchford D. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA new empirical model of the electron fluxes and ion fluxes at geosynchronous orbit (GEO) is introduced, based on observations by Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) satellites. The model provides flux predictions in the energy range ~1 eV to ~40 keV, as a function of local time, energy, and the strength of the solar wind electric field (the negative product of the solar wind speed and the z component of the magnetic field). Given appropriate upstream solar wind measurements, the model provides a forecast of the fluxes at GEO with a ~1 h lead time. Model predictions are tested against in‐sample observations from LANL satellites and also against out‐of‐sample observations from the Compact Environmental Anomaly Sensor II detector on the AMC‐12 satellite. The model does not reproduce all structure seen in the observations. However, for the intervals studied here (quiet and storm times) the normalized root‐mean‐square deviation < ~0.3. It is intended that the model will improve forecasting of the spacecraft environment at GEO and also provide improved boundary/input conditions for physical models of the magnetosphere.
Synthesis of 3‐Iodoquinolines by Copper‐Catalyzed Tandem Annulation from Diaryliodoniums, Nitriles, and 1‐Iodoalkynes
Authors: Wang Xuesong , Wang Xingyong , Huang Dayun , Liu Chulong , Wang Xinyan , Hu Yuefei 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA novel method for the synthesis of 3‐iodoquinolines was developed by copper‐catalyzed tandem annulation from diaryliodoniums, nitriles, and 1‐iodoalkynes. It is a method that is characterized by the most convenient operation and wide molecular diversity.magnified image
Investigation into Morphology Characterization of Various Surface Electrode of Biopolymer Actuator: Ionic Polymer Metal Composites
Authors: Sun Zhuangzhi , Zhao Gang , Yang Ge 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFocusing on various surface electrode effects on electromechanical properties of biopolymer actuator: ionic polymer metal composites (IPMC), a new laminated structure model, composed with the electrolyte layer, the middle layer and the surface electrode layer, is provided to redefine the composition of IPMC actuator. A failure analysis is performed to study the failure reasons of IPMC actuator. Subsequently, based on various surface electrode of IPMC actuator, the electromechanical properties were further investigated by comparison with the chemical plating samples and the electrophoretic deposition sample. Finally, after the analysis of the morphology characteristics, the improvement mechanism of the various surface electrodes is obtained to further clarify. Results find the electromechanical properties of IPMC actuator is closely attributed to the electrical conductivity of the surface electrode.
Zugang zu Pyrazolidin‐3,5‐dionen durch anodischen N‐N‐Bindungsaufbau
Authors: Gieshoff Tile , Schollmeyer Dieter , Waldvogel Siegfried R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPyrazolidin‐3,5‐dione sind wichtige heterocyclische Strukturmotive und von großem Interesse für pharmazeutische Anwendungen. In der klassischen organischen Chemie wird die Hydrazinbindung durch eine Kondensationsreaktion des entsprechenden Hydrazins eingebracht. Allerdings sind N,N′‐Diarylhydrazine toxisch und müssen wegen ihrer geringen kommerziellen Verfügbarkeit separat hergestellt werden. Wir haben einen alternativen und nachhaltigen Zugang zu Pyrazolidin‐3,5‐dionen unter Verwendung leicht zugänglicher Aniline als Vorstufen entwickelt. Der N‐N‐Bindungsaufbau erfolgt durch eine anodische Oxidation, die in einer sehr einfachen ungeteilten Zelle unter galvanostatischen Bedingungen durchgeführt wird.
Die Chemie von [AuO]+/CH4 in der Gasphase: Selektive Sauerstoffatom‐Übertragung auf, statt Wasserstoffatom‐Abstraktion von Methan
Authors: Zhou Shaodong , Li Jilai , Schlangen Maria , Schwarz Helmut 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDie thermischen Reaktionen von [AuO]+ mit Methan wurden mittels FT‐ICR‐Massenspektrometrie und quantenchemischen Rechnungen untersucht. Im Gegensatz zu den bereits untersuchten Oxiden der 11. Gruppe, [CuO]+ und [AgO]+, reagiert [AuO]+ mit CH4 ausschließlich unter Bildung von CH3OH durch Sauerstoffatomübertragung. Der neuartige Mechanismus dieser spezifischen Oxidation wird vorgestellt und die Ursachen der Trägheit des [AgO]+/CH4‐Reaktionspaares mittels theoretischer Untersuchungen aufgedeckt.
Sequence‐Specific Incorporation of Enzyme–Nucleotide Chimera by DNA Polymerases
Authors: Welter Moritz , Verga Daniela , Marx Andreas 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDNA polymerases select the right nucleotide for the growing polynucleotide chain based on the shape and geometry of the nascent nucleotide pairs and thereby ensure high DNA replication selectivity. High‐fidelity DNA polymerases are believed to possess tight active sites that allow little deviation from the canonical structures. However, DNA polymerases are known to use nucleotides with small modifications as substrates, which is key for numerous core biotechnology applications. We show that even high‐fidelity DNA polymerases are capable of efficiently using nucleotide chimera modified with a large protein like horseradish peroxidase as substrates for template‐dependent DNA synthesis, despite this “cargo” being more than 100‐fold larger than the natural substrates. We exploited this capability for the development of systems that enable naked‐eye detection of DNA and RNA at single nucleotide resolution.
The Unique Gas‐Phase Chemistry of the [AuO]+/CH4 Couple: Selective Oxygen‐Atom Transfer to, Rather than Hydrogen‐Atom Abstraction from, Methane
Authors: Zhou Shaodong , Li Jilai , Schlangen Maria , Schwarz Helmut 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe thermal reaction of [AuO]+ with methane has been explored using FT‐ICR mass spectrometry complemented by high‐level quantum chemical calculations. In contrast to the previously studied congener [CuO]+, and to [AgO]+, [AuO]+ reacts with CH4 exclusively via oxygen‐atom transfer to form CH3OH, and a novel mechanistic scenario for this selective oxidation process has been revealed. Also, the origin of the inertness of the [AgO]+/CH4 couple has been addressed computationally.
Control of Imine Exchange Kinetics with Photoswitches to Modulate Self‐Healing in Polysiloxane Networks by Light Illumination
Authors: Kathan Michael , Kovaříček Petr , Jurissek Christoph , Senf Antti , Dallmann Andre , Thünemann Andreas F. , Hecht Stefan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractVarious aldehyde‐containing photoswitches have been developed whose reactivity toward amines can be controlled externally. A thermally stable bifunctional diarylethene, which in its ring‐closed form exhibits imine formation accelerated by one order of magnitude, was used as a photoswitchable crosslinker and mixed with a commercially available amino‐functionalized polysiloxane to yield a rubbery material with viscoelastic and self‐healing properties that can be reversibly tuned by irradiation.
Dissipative particle dynamics studies on the interfacial tension of A/B homopolymer blends and the effect of Janus nanorods
Authors: Zhou Chun , Luo Shi‐kai , Sun Yi , Zhou Yang , Qian Wen 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTJanus nanorods are used as a novel rigid compatibilizer to improve the interfacial tension of incompatible A/B homopolymer blends. Dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) methods are preformed to explore the effect of Janus nanorods on the interfacial tension. The results show that Janus nanorods are a good compatibilizer only when the appropriate length is chosen, which is different from the traditional coil compatibilizer (surfactants and block copolymers). The length of the Janus nanorods can significantly influence their orientation through the competition between the entropic and enthalpic effects. The shorter Janus nanorods preferring “standing” have a better efficiency in improving the interfacial tension than the longer ones preferring “lying.” If we can control the orientation of the longer Janus nanorods, they are still a good compatibilizer. This simulation work can widen the application of Janus nanoparticles. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44098.
Amphiphilic copolymers based on PEG‐acrylate as surface active water viscosifiers: Towards new potential systems for enhanced oil recovery
Authors: Raffa Patrizio , Broekhuis Antonius A. , Picchioni Francesco 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTWith the purpose of investigating new potential candidates for enhanced oil recovery (EOR), amphiphilic copolymers based on Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate (PEGA) have been prepared by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP). A P(PEGA) homopolymer, a block copolymer with styrene PS‐b‐P(PEGA), and an analogous terpolymer including also sodium methacrylate (MANa) in the poly(PEGA) (PPEGA) block, PS‐b‐P(PEGA‐co‐MANa) have been prepared and characterized. Viscosity and surface activity of solutions of the prepared polymers in pure and salty water have been measured and the results have been interpreted in terms of the chemical structures of the systems. A clear influence of the presence of the charged MANa moieties has been observed in both rheological and interfacial properties. The PS‐b‐P(PEGA‐co‐MANa) terpolymer, being an effective surface active viscosifying agent, is a good candidate as polymeric surfactant for applications in enhanced oil recovery and related. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44100.
Comparative Analysis of DNA‐Binding Selectivity of Hairpin and Cyclic Pyrrole‐Imidazole Polyamides Based on Next‐Generation Sequencing
Authors: Kashiwazaki Gengo , Chandran Anandhakumar , Asamitsu Sefan , Kawase Takashi , Kawamoto Yusuke , Sawatani Yoshito , Hashiya Kaori , Bando Toshikazu , Sugiyama Hiroshi 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMany long pyrrole‐imidazole polyamides (PIPs) have been synthesized in the search for higher specificity, with the aim of realizing the great potential of such compounds in biological and clinical areas. Among several types of PIPs, we designed and synthesized hairpin and cyclic PIPs targeting identical sequences. Bind‐n‐Seq analysis revealed that both bound to the intended sequences. However, adenines in the data analyzed by the previously reported Bind‐n‐Seq method appeared to be significantly higher in the motif ratio than thymines, even though the PIPs were not expected to distinguish A from T. We therefore examined the experimental protocol and analysis pipeline in detail and developed a new method based on Bind‐n‐Seq motif identification with a reference sequence (Bind‐n‐Seq‐MR). High‐throughput sequence analysis of the PIP‐enriched DNA data by Bind‐n‐Seq‐MR presented A and T comparably. Surface plasmon resonance assays were performed to validate the new method.
A Reusable Mesoporous Nickel Nanocomposite Catalyst for the Selective Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes in the Presence of Sensitive Functional Groups
Authors: Hahn Gabriela , Ewert Julia‐Katharina , Denner Christine , Tilgner Dominic , Kempe Rhett 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe synthesis of aromatic amines from nitroarenes through hydrogenation is an industrially and academically important reaction. In addition, the employment of base metal catalysts in reactions that are preferentially mediated by rare noble metals is a desirable aim in catalysis and an attractive element‐conservation strategy. Especially appealing is the observation of novel selectivity patterns with such inexpensive metal catalysts. Herein, we report a novel mesostructured Ni nanocomposite catalyst. It is the first example of a reusable Ni catalyst that is able to hydrogenate nitroarenes selectively to anilines in the presence of highly sensitive functional groups such as C=C bonds and nitrile, aldehyde, and iodo substituents.
Palladium Nanoparticle Size Effect in Hydrodesulfurization of 4,6‐Dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6‐DMDBT)
Authors: Shen Jing , Semagina Natalia 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPd nanoparticle size sensitivity of 4,6‐dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6‐DMDBT) hydrodesulfurization was investigated by using 4, 8, 13, and 87 nm particles and was compared with the sulfur‐free and sulfur‐inhibited hydrogenation of 3,3‐dimethylbiphenyl, which is a product of direct desulfurization of 4,6‐DMDBT. The smallest 4 nm particles provided unprecedented (for Pd at 5 MPa and 300 °C) direct desulfurization selectivity of 20 % at 40 % conversion because of the reduced contribution of the hydrogenation path. The 4 nm particles were poisoned by the adsorbed sulfur to the greatest extent. The optimal size, providing the highest Pd mass‐based yield of the desulfurized products, was found to be 8 nm. The catalyst with 87 nm particles was based on Pd nanocubes with the lowest edge/terrace surface atom ratio and large terraces and this showed the lowest sulfur extraction from both 4,6‐DMDBT and sulfurous intermediates as a result of the low availability of edge atoms for a perpendicular sigma‐mode adsorption through the lone pair of the sulfur atom.
Origin of the Improved Performance in Lanthanum‐doped Silica‐supported Ni Catalysts
Authors: Baudouin David , Margossian Tigran , Rodemerck Uwe , Webb Paul B. , Veyre Laurent , Krumeich Frank , Candy Jean‐Pierre , Thieuleux Chloé , Copéret Christophe 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDry‐reforming catalysts were prepared by supporting Ni nanoparticles (2–3 nm) on La‐doped silica. These materials display higher activity and stability in low‐temperature dry reforming (773 K) than Ni/SiO2 or Ni/La2O3. The La‐doped silica‐supported catalysts were found to have exclusively lanthanum silicate at their surface rather than La2O3 and/or SiO2. While an increasing amount of La was found to favor both CO2 adsorption capacity and strength, it also influenced the hydrogen adsorption strength on nickel particles significantly, as evidenced by H2 temperature‐programmed desorption analysis. Finally, CH4 temperature‐programmed reduction analysis revealed that the CH4 cracking threshold temperature varies in the order: Nibulk<Ni/La34@SiO2<Ni/La2.1@SiO2≪Ni/SiO2<Ni/La2O3, which parallels the catalytic performance. Balancing the adsorption of CH4, H2, and CO2 on supported Ni nanoparticles (2–3 nm) on La‐doped silica improves the catalytic performance of this low‐temperature dry‐reforming catalyst.
Bioprospecting of Halotolerant Bacterial Isolates for Potassium Recovery from K‐Feldspar
Authors: Bachani Pooja , Bhattacharya Sourish , Jain Deepti , Patidar Shailesh Kumar , Soundarya Rajapitamahuni , Tirkey Sushma Rani , Ranawat Bablesh , Bharadwaj S. V. Vamsi , Mishra Sandhya 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPotassium‐solubilizing bacteria were isolated from solar salt pans of an experimental salt farm and Sambhar Lake, mining areas of Naseerabad, and wastewater from a marble cutting machinery. Seven promising bacterial isolates from Makrana, three from Sambhar Lake, and three from Naseerabad were found to have comparatively better potassium‐solubilizing capacity. Out of these, three potential bacterial isolates were identified as Acinetobacter soli (MTCC 5918), Enterobacter xiangfangensis (MTCC 5917), and Acinetobacter baumannii (MTCC 5916). A. soli was found to have maximum potassium‐releasing capacity in the supernatant which may be further applied as a biofertilizer.
Laser Ablation Synthesis of Gold Selenides by using a Mass Spectrometer as a Synthesizer: Laser Desorption Ionization Time‐of‐Flight Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Prokeš Lubomír , Kubáček Pavel , Peña‐Méndez Eladia Maria , Amato Filippo , Conde José Elias , Alberti Milan , Havel Josef 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMethods for the rapid construction of new chemical motifs have the potential to accelerate the development of nanoscience. The synthesis of new chemical entities by laser ablation has been systematically demonstrated by using mixtures of gold and selenium. The compounds generated are detected by time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and, for selected compounds, the structure is investigated by using density functional theory optimization. In total, 67 new gold selenide clusters have been synthesized, demonstrating an unsuspected richness in gold chemistry. Chemical species generated in the gas phase might inspire new routes for the synthesis of novel compounds in the solid state.
Interactions of Isonitriles with Metal–Boron Bonds: Insertions, Coupling, Ring Formation, and Liberation of Monovalent Boron
Authors: Braunschweig Holger , Celik Mehmet Ali , Dewhurst Rian D. , Ferkinghoff Katharina , Hermann Alexander , Jimenez‐Halla J. Oscar C. , Kramer Thomas , Radacki Krzysztof , Shang Rong , Siedler Eva , Weißenberger Felix , Werner Christine 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBoryl, borylene, and base‐stabilized borylene complexes of manganese and iron undergo a range of different reactions when treated with isonitriles including single, double, and partial isonitrile insertions into metal−boron bonds, ring formation, isonitrile coupling, and the liberation of new monovalent boron species. Two of the resulting cyclic species have also been found to react selectively with anhydrous HCl to form ring‐opened products. The diverse isonitrile‐promoted reactivity of transition‐metal–boron compounds has been explored computationally.
How do you write and present research well? 17—Submit your manuscript to the journal you cite most
Authors: Patience Gregory S. , Boffito Daria C. , Patience Paul A. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
More people have cited Axel Becke's article on Density Functional Thermochemistry[1] than any other article between 1989 and 2014—over 45 000. How many citations has WoS indexed for the most cited chemical engineering paper?[2,3]

less than 1000
between 1000 and 5000
between 5000 and 10 000
more than 10 000
Henry Enfield Roscoe – Wegbereiter der Chemie im Großbritannien des 19. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Remane Horst , Bartel Hans‐Georg 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDer Beitrag erinnert aus Anlass des 100. Todestages an den bedeutenden britischen Chemiker Henry Enfield Roscoe (1833–1915). Nach dem Abschluss des Studiums der Chemie als Bachelor of Arts an der Universität London 1853 ging dieser zu Robert Bunsen (1811–1899) nach Heidelberg. Dort wurde er nach der Promotion (mit „summa cum laude“) dessen Assistent. Zusammen mit seinem Lehrer und Freund Bunsen hat Roscoe die grundlegenden Studien über die chemische Wirkung des Lichts („Photochemische Untersuchungen“) durchgeführt. Er trug ebenfalls zur Forschung und Anwendung der damals noch neuen Spektralanalyse von Bunsen und Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (1824–1887) bei. Nach seiner Rückkehr nach Großbritannien wurde Roscoe Professor für Chemie am Owens College in Manchester (seit 1880 Universität). In den ungefähr dreißig Jahren seiner dortigen Tätigkeit trug er maßgeblich zur Etablierung einer modernen chemischen Ausbildung und Forschung in seinem Lande bei. Ihm gelang als Erstem die Darstellung von metallischem Vanadium, indem er Vanadium(II)‐chlorid mit Wasserstoff reduzierte. Bei seinen systematischen Untersuchungen von Wolframverbindungen gelang ihm die Darstellung und Charakterisierung zahlreicher noch nicht bekannter Vertreter. Roscoe konnte beweisen, dass das hypothetische chemische Element Philippium ein Gemisch aus Terbium und Yttrium ist. Darüber hinaus war Roscoe sehr erfolgreich als Wissenschaftsorganisator und ‐politiker, aber auch als Autor von umfangreichen Lehrbüchern der Chemie tätig.