bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Double-exponential curve fitting of isometric relaxation: a new measure for myocardial lusitropism
Authors: Tamiya Kouichi , Beppu Toshiyuki , Ishihara Kazuaki 
Published: December 2017

Pages H393–H406: Kouichi Tamiya, Toshiyuki Beppu, and Kazuaki Ishihara. “Double-exponential curve fitting of isometric relaxation: a new measure for myocardial lusitropism.” Page H402: Figure 10 should appear as the following. (See PDF)
Dependence of the driving force of the sodium pump on rate of transport
Authors: Feig Peter U. , Wetzel Gayle D. , Frazier Howard S. 
Published: December 2017

The driving force for active transport of Na+ in the isolated toad bladder, ENa, was measured as the reciprocal slope of the change in conductance with change in short-circuit current after stimulation with antidiuretic hormone. The base-line short-circuit current was altered by change in ambient Na+ concentration or addition of amiloride, maneuvers which alter availability of Na+ at the site of active transport. In the absence of a chemical gradient for Na+ across the bladder, ENa was found to be inversely related to the rate of Na+ transport, a finding incompatible with the simple electrical analogue that has been proposed for the system. The results provide additional support for the view that ENa measured in this way has both energetic and kinetic components. membrane transport; active transport; sodium transport; ENa Submitted on April 23, 1976
Nonpressor mechanisms in CNS-induced natriuresis
Authors: Mouw David R. , Vander Arthur J. , Bourgoignie Jacques J. , Kutschinski Sandra S. , Mathias Nancy P. 
Published: December 2017

Ventriculocisternal perfusion was performed in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. Perfusion of high Na (300 mM NaCl) artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (E) for 2 h was preceded by 2 h of control (C) and was followed by 2 h of recovery (R) during which normal (150 mM NaCl) artificial CSF was perfused. A time-control group was perfused with normal artificial CSF throughout C, E, and R. High sodium perfusion resulted in a marked natriuresis in each of nine animals and suppression of plasma renin activity. There were no simultaneous changes in mean arterial pressure, glomerular filtration rate, or renal plasma flow. Sodium excretion and plasma renin activity showed a slight gradual rise in the time-control group, but no significant differences were observed between the C and E periods; sodium excretion and plasma renin activity were similar in the high Na and time-control groups during C and R, but significantly different during E. It is concluded that when CSF sodium is elevated by perfusing artificial CSF, the resulting natriuresis and suppression of plasma renin activity are not caused by hemodynamic changes. antidiuretic hormone; natriuretic hormone; renin; renal hemodynamics; cerebrospinal fluid; osmoreceptors; sodium receptors Submitted on July 17, 1978 Accepted on April 10, 1979
Effect of hydrazine on transport in toad urinary bladder
Authors: Levine Sherman D. , Kachadorian William A. , Verna Nicholas C. , Schlondorff Detlef 
Published: December 2017

Vasopressin stimulates osmotic water flow and urea permeability in the toad urinary bladder via separate cAMP-responsive mechanisms. Hydrazine (10–20 mM), added to the bladder's serosal bath, reversibly enhanced the effect of both low and saturating levels of vasopressin on osmotic water flow, without increasing urea permeability. A small increase in basal water flow was also observed. Cyclic AMP-stimulated water flow was not altered by hydrazine, but hydrazine enhanced the effect of both 8-bromo-cyclic AMP and methylisobutylxanthine. Hydrazine increased luminal membrane aggregate frequency in vasopressin-treated tissues examined by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. Hydrazine increased both basal and vasopressin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. We could measure no effect of hydrazine on cAMP content; however hydrazine did increase the protein kinase activity ratio (-cAMP/+cAMP) in vasopressin-treated tissues, suggesting that the kinase activity ratio is more sensitive than cAMP content as an index of cAMP-related function in the bladder. Further strengthening the relationship between kinase activation and water flow, we found that methohexital, an inhibitor of vasopressin-stimulated water flow and adenylate cyclase, also decreased the kinase activity ratio in the presence of vasopressin. These studies link closely the roles of cAMP-dependent kinase and luminal membrane aggregates to the specific mediation of vasopressin-stimulated water flow in the bladder. antidiuretic hormone; vasopressin; Bufo marinus; methohexital; barbiturates; freeze-fracture electron microscopy; cAMP; protein kinase Submitted on July 30, 1979 Accepted on April 10, 1980
Effect of vasopressin on renal kallikrein excretion
Authors: Fejes-TÓth Géza , Zahajszky Tibor , Filep János 
Published: December 2017

In an attempt to investigate a possible interaction between vasopressin and the renal kallikrein-kinin system, renal function and urinary kallikrein excretion were monitored in trained conscious dogs and in anesthetized rats in water diuresis and in vasopressin-induced antidiuresis. Vasopressin elevated urinary kallikrein excretion in a dose-dependent way in both species, with concomitant increases in urinary osmolality and electrolyte excretion. A significant increase in kallikrein excretion was observed with a dose of vasopressin as low as 2 mU·kg-1·h-1 in the dog and 3 mU·kg-1·h-1 in the rat without a change in renal hemodynamics. In the rat vasopressin-induced changes in kallikrein excretion were positively correlated with changes in sodium and potassium excretion and negatively correlated with changes in free water clearance. It is concluded that vasopressin over its normal physiological range of concentration stimulates renal kallikrein secretion. Note: With the Technical Assistance of Klára Peres and Edit Spitzár water diuresis; antidiuresis; natriuresis; kinins; dog; rat Submitted on October 8, 1979 Accepted on May 21, 1980
Renal response to captopril in conscious dogs pretreated with indomethacin
Authors: DeForrest Jack M. , Waldron Thomas L. , Antonaccio Michael J. 
Published: December 2017

This study was designed to determine whether the prostaglandins mediate the renal effects of captopril in the conscious sodium-replete dog. In a group of control animals (n = 8), effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) increased from 185 ± 15 to 230 ± 12 ml/min and plasma renin activity (PRA) increased from 0.64 ± 0.15 to 12.9 ± 1.1 ng ANG I·ml-1·h-1 after captopril (10 mg/kg bolus plus 10 μg·kg-1·min-1i.v.) administration. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and sodium excretion (UKV) were also increased significantly following captopril treatment, whereas urine volume (V), potassium excretion (UKV), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) remained unchanged throughout the experiment. When the same dose of captopril was given to indomethacin-pretreated dogs (5 mg/kg bolus plus 2 μg·kg-1·min-1i.v.), ERPF increased from 170 ± 8 to 265 ± 18 ml/min and PRA increased from 1.2 ± 0.4 to 14.6 ± 3.0 ng ANG I·ml-1·h-11 after the captopril administration. GFR was also increased significantly after captopril, while UNaV, UKV, and V remained unchanged. These data demonstrate that the prostaglandins do not mediate the ability of captopril to increase PRA or effective renal plasma flow in this experimental model. prostaglandins; effective renal blood flow; plasma renin activity; angiotensin II; arachidonic acid Submitted on September 25, 1981 Accepted on June 25, 1982
A structural study of the rat proximal and distal nephron: effect of peptide and thyroid hormones
Authors: Koechlin N. , Elalouf J. M. , Kaissling B. , Roinel N. , de Rouffignac C. 
Published: December 2017

The effects of the absence of various hormones (antidiuretic hormone, thyroid hormone, parathyroid hormone, and calcitonin) on proximal and distal structures were studied in diabetes insipidus (DI) Brattleboro rats. The cross-sectional area of the first segment of proximal convoluted tubules (Sl) was significantly reduced in thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) DI rats compared with Long-Evans rats (the strain of origin of DI rats) and untreated DI rats. Administration of triiodothyronine (T3, 10 μg/day for 7 days) to TPTX-DI rats restored the proximal tubule structure. In the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) the cross-sectional area of the epithelium and the number of nuclei per cross-sectional area were significantly greater in untreated ADH-deficient DI rats than in the control Long-Evans rats. Daily administration of 1-desamino-8-d-arginine vasopressin (dDAVP, 500 ng/day for 3 wk) significantly reduced the size and the number of DCT cells in DI rats. Cortical micropuncture data indicated that the Na+ concentration in the fluid delivered to the DCT and the absolute amount of Na+ reabsorbed along the DCT were higher in DI than in dDAVP-treated DI rats. It is concluded that functional changes in the PCT, subsequent to chronic TPTX, are accompanied by marked alteration of the cell anatomy of this nephron segment, and that the processes that modify the Na load delivered to the DCT and the Na transport in the DCT are accompanied by structural modifications of this segment. Brattleboro rat; antidiuretic hormone; triiodothyronine; morphology of distal convoluted tubule cells; long-term treatment with antidiuretic hormone; sodium transport by the distal convoluted tubule; micropuncture study Submitted on January 12, 1988 Accepted on December 15, 1988
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Nevill Alan 
Published: December 2017

The following is the abstract of the article discussed in the subsequent letter: Batterham, Alan M., Keith Tolfrey, and Keith P. George. Nevill’s explanation of Kleiber’s 0.75 mass exponent: an artifact of collinearity problems in least squares models? J. Appl. Physiol. 82(2): 693–697, 1997.—Intraspecific allometric modeling (Y = a ⋅ mass b , where Y is the physiological dependent variable and ais the proportionality coefficient) of peak oxygen uptake (V˙o 2peak) has frequently revealed a mass exponent ( b) greater than that predicted from dimensionality theory, approximating Kleiber’s 3/4 exponent for basal metabolic rate. Nevill ( J. Appl. Physiol. 77: 2870–2873, 1994) proposed an explanation and a method that restores the inflated exponent to the anticipated 2/3. In human subjects, the method involves the addition of “stature” as a continuous predictor variable in a multiple log-linear regression model: ln Y = ln a + c ⋅ ln stature + b ⋅ ln mass + ln ε, where c is the general body size exponent and ε is the error term. It is likely that serious collinearity confounds may adversely affect the reliability and validity of the model. The aim of this study was to critically examine Nevill’s method in modelingV˙o 2peak in prepubertal, teenage, and adult men. A mean exponent of 0.81 (95% confidence interval, 0.65–0.97) was found when scaling by mass alone. Nevill’s method reduced the mean mass exponent to 0.67 (95% confidence interval, 0.44–0.9). However, variance inflation factors and tolerance for the log-transformed stature and mass variables exceeded published criteria for severe collinearity. Principal components analysis also diagnosed severe collinearity in two principal components, with condition indexes >30 and variance decomposition proportions exceeding 50% for two regression coefficients. The derived exponents may thus be numerically inaccurate and unstable. In conclusion, the restoration of the mean mass exponent to the anticipated 2/3 may be a fortuitous statistical artifact.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Gourgoulianis K. I. , Molyvdas P. A. 
Published: December 2017

The following is the abstract of the article discussed in the subsequent letter: Verbanck, S., D. Schuermans, A. Van Muylem, M. Paiva, M. Noppen, and W. Vincken. Ventilation distribution during histamine provocation. J. Appl. Physiol.83(6):1907–1916, 1997.—We investigated ventilation inhomogeneity during provocation with inhaled histamine in 20 asymptomatic nonsmoking subjects. We used N2 multiple-breath washout (MBW) to derive parameters S cond and S acin as a measurement of ventilation inhomogeneity in conductive and acinar zones of the lungs, respectively. A 20% decrease of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) was used to distinguish responders from nonresponders. In the responder group, average FEV1decreased by 26%, whereas S cond increased by 390% with no significant change in S acin. In the nonresponder group, FEV1 decreased by 11%, whereas S cond increased by 198% with no significant S acin change. Despite the absence of change in S acin during provocation, baseline S acin was significantly larger in the responder vs. the nonresponder group. The main findings of our study are that during provocation large ventilation inhomogeneities occur, that the small airways affected by the provocation process are situated proximal to the acinar zone where the diffusion front stands, and that, in addition to overall decrease in airway caliber, there is inhomogeneous narrowing of parallel airways.
Oncogenic Ras Isoforms Signaling Specificity at the Membrane
Authors: Nussinov Ruth , Tsai Chung-Jung , Jang Hyunbum 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHow do Ras isoforms attain oncogenic specificity at the membrane? Oncogenic KRas, HRas, and NRas (K-Ras, H-Ras, and N-Ras) differentially populate distinct cancers. How they selectively activate effectors and why is KRas4B the most prevalent are highly significant questions. Here, we consider determinants that may bias isoform-specific effector activation and signaling at the membrane. We merge functional data with a conformational view to provide mechanistic insight. Cell-specific expression levels, pathway cross-talk, and distinct interactions are the key, but conformational trends can modulate selectivity. There are two major pathways in oncogenic Ras-driven proliferation: MAPK (Raf/MEK/ERK) and PI3Kα/Akt/mTOR. All membrane-anchored, proximally located, oncogenic Ras isoforms can promote Raf dimerization and fully activate MAPK signaling. So why the differential statistics of oncogenic isoforms in distinct cancers and what makes KRas so highly oncogenic? Many cell-specific factors may be at play, including higher KRAS mRNA levels. As a key factor, we suggest that because only KRas4B binds calmodulin, only KRas can fully activate PI3Kα/Akt signaling. We propose that full activation of both MAPK and PI3Kα/Akt proliferative pathways by oncogenic KRas4B—but not by HRas or NRas—may help explain why the KRas4B isoform is especially highly populated in certain cancers. We further discuss pharmacologic implications. Cancer Res; 78(3); 593–602. ©2017 AACR.
Hand-Holding during Cystoscopy Decreases Patient Anxiety, Pain, and Dissatisfaction: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kwon Whi-An , Lee Jae Whan , Seo Ho Kyung , Oh Tae Hoon , Park Seung Chol , Jeong Hee Jong , Seo Ill Young 
Published: December 2017

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> Often a sick or an anxious person can experience pain or anxiety relief if another person holds his or her hand. In this study, we conducted investigations to determine whether hand-holding during cystoscopy decreases patient anxiety, pain, and dissatisfaction while at the same time increasing patient comfort and tolerance during the procedure. <b><i>Patients and Methods:</i></b> Eighty-six male patients who underwent flexible cystoscopy between November 2015 and March 2017 were randomized as follows: hand-holding (group I, <i>n</i> = 43) or non-hand-holding (group II, <i>n</i> = 43) during the procedure. Before flexible cystoscopy, lidocaine gel was instilled in the urethra. Patients’ anxiety levels were quantified using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. A visual analog scale (0–10) was used for self-assessment of satisfaction, discomfort, and willingness to undergo repeat cystoscopy. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Demographic characteristics, mean age, procedure duration, procedure indications, and preprocedural analyses did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. In group I, the postprocedural mean anxiety level, pain score, heart rate, and systolic blood pressure were significantly lower compared with those in group II (<i>p</i> = 0.009, <i>p</i> = 0.003, <i>p</i> = 0.022, and <i>p</i> = 0.014, respectively). In group I, postprocedural mean satisfaction score were higher, and patients were more likely to undergo a repeat cystoscopy, compared with those in group II (<i>p</i> = 0.001 and <i>p</i> = 0.004, respectively). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Hand-holding during cystoscopy significantly reduced patients’ feelings of anxiety, pain, discomfort, and dissatisfaction. Hand-holding served as a simple, inexpensive, and effective adjunct to sedation during cystoscopy.
Comparison of Glycemic Markers in Chronic Hemodialysis Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring
Authors: Divani Maria , Georgianos Panagiotis I. , Didangelos Triantafyllos , Iliadis Fotios , Makedou Areti , Hatzitolios Apostolos , Liakopoulos Vassilios , Grekas Dimitrios M. 
Published: December 2017

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) among diabetic hemodialysis patients continues to be the standard of care, although its limitations are well recognized. This study evaluated glycated albumin (GA) and glycated serum protein (GSP) as alternatives to HbA1c in detecting glycemic control among diabetic hemodialysis patients using continuous-glucose-monitoring (CGM)-derived glucose as reference standard. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A CGM system (iPRO) was applied for 7 days in 37 diabetic hemodialysis patients to determine glycemic control. The accuracy of GA and GSP versus HbA1c in detecting a 7-day average glucose ≥184 mg/dL was evaluated via receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) analysis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> CGM-derived glucose exhibited strong correlation (<i>r</i> = 0.970, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) and acceptable agreement with corresponding capillary glucose measurements obtained by the patients themselves in 1,169 time-points over the 7-day-long CGM. The area under ROC curve (AUC) for GA, GSP, and HbA1c to detect poor glycemic control was 0.976 (0.862–1.000), 0.682 (0.502–0.862), and 0.776 (0.629–0.923) respectively. GA levels &#x3e;20.3% had 90.9% sensitivity and 96.1% specificity in detecting a 7-day average glucose ≥184 mg/dL. The AUC for GA was significantly higher than the AUC for GSP (difference between areas: 0.294, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) and the AUC for HbA1c (difference between areas: 0.199, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Among diabetic hemodialysis patients, GA is a stronger indicator of poor glycemic control assessed with 7-day-long CGM when compared to GSP and HbA1c.
Association Between
APOL1
Genotypes and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in MESA (Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis)
Authors: Chen Teresa K. , Katz Ronit , Estrella Michelle M. , Gutierrez Orlando M. , Kramer Holly , Post Wendy S. , Shlipak Michael G. , Wassel Christina L. , Peralta Carmen A. 
Published: December 2017

Background

APOL
1

genetic variants confer an increased risk for kidney disease. Their associations with cardiovascular disease (
CVD
) are less certain. We aimed to compare the prevalence of subclinical
CVD
and incidence of atherosclerotic
CVD
and heart failure by

APOL
1

genotypes among self‐identified black participants of MESA (Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis).

Methods and Results

Cross‐sectional associations of

APOL
1

genotypes (high‐risk=2 alleles; low‐risk=0 or 1 allele) with coronary artery calcification, carotid‐intimal media thickness, and left ventricular mass were evaluated using logistic and linear regression. Longitudinal associations of

APOL
1

genotypes with incident myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary heart disease, and congestive heart failure were examined using Cox regression. We adjusted for African ancestry, age, and sex. We also evaluated whether hypertension or kidney function markers explained the observed associations. Among 1746 participants with

APOL
1

genotyping (mean age 62 years, 55% women, mean cystatin C–based estimated glomerular filtration rate 89 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
, 12% with albuminuria), 12% had the high‐risk genotypes. We found no difference in prevalence or severity of coronary artery calcification, carotid‐intimal media thickness, or left ventricular mass by

APOL
1

genotypes. The

APOL
1

high‐risk group was 82% more likely to develop incident heart failure compared with the low‐risk group (95% confidence interval, 1.01–3.28). Adjusting for hypertension (hazard ratio, 1.80; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–3.24) but not markers of kidney function (hazard ratio, 1.86; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–3.35) slightly attenuated this association. The

APOL
1

high‐risk genotypes were not significantly associated with other clinical
CVD
outcomes.

Conclusions

Among blacks without baseline
CVD
, the

APOL
1

high‐risk variants may be associated with increased risk for incident heart failure but not subclinical
CVD
or incident clinical atherosclerotic
CVD
.
PROMIS GH (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global Health) Scale in Stroke
Authors: Katzan Irene L. , Lapin Brittany 
Published: December 2017

Background and Purpose—
The International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement recently included the 10-item PROMIS GH (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global Health) scale as part of their recommended Standard Set of Stroke Outcome Measures. Before collection of PROMIS GH is broadly implemented, it is necessary to assess its performance in the stroke population. The objective of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of PROMIS GH in patients with ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage.

Methods—
PROMIS GH and 6 PROMIS domain scales measuring same/similar constructs were electronically collected on 1102 patients with ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes at various stages of recovery from their stroke who were seen in a cerebrovascular clinic from October 12, 2015, through June 2, 2017. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to evaluate the adequacy of 2-factor structure of component scores. Test–retest reliability and convergent validity of PROMIS GH items and component scores were assessed. Discriminant validity and responsiveness were compared between PROMIS GH and PROMIS domain scales measuring the same or related constructs. Analyses were repeated stratified by stroke subtype and modified Rankin Scale score <2 versus ≥2.

Results—

There was moderate internal reliability (ordinal α, 0.82–0.88) and marginal model fit for the 2-factor solution for component scores (root mean square error of approximation, 0.11). Convergent validity was good with significant correlations between all PROMIS GH items and PROMIS domain scales (
P
<0.001 for all). There was excellent discrimination for all PROMIS GH items and component scores across modified Rankin Scale levels. Good responsiveness (effect size, >0.5) was demonstrated for 8 of the 10 PROMIS GH items. Reliability and validity remained consistent across stroke subtype and disability level (modified Rankin Scale, <2 versus ≥2).

Conclusions—
PROMIS GH exhibits acceptable performance in patients with stroke. Our findings support International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement recommendation to use PROMIS GH as part of the standard set of outcome measures in stroke.