bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution to decay of upwelling and associated biogeochemistry over the southeastern Arabian Sea shelf
Authors: Gupta G. V. M. , Sudheesh V. , Sudharma K. V. , Saravanane N. , Dhanya V. , Dhanya K. R. , Lakshmi G. , Sudhakar M. , Naqvi S. W. A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObservations along 10 shelf transects in 2012 near 10°N in the southeastern Arabian Sea revealed the usual warm oligotrophic conditions during the winter monsoon and upwelling of oxygen‐deficient, nutrient‐rich cool water during the summer monsoon (SM). By changing an oligotrophic to a nutrient‐replete condition, the upwelling is the major process that regulates the biogeochemistry of this shelf. Its onset is perceptible at 100 m depth between January and March. The upwelling reaches the surface layer in May and intensifies during June–July but withdraws completely and abruptly by October. Despite the nutrient injection, the primary production during SM, integrated for euphotic zone, is comparable to that during the preceding spring intermonsoon (SIM). Again, as usual, the high oxygen demand coupled with low concentration in the upwelled subsurface waters causes severe oxygen depletion below the shallow pycnocline. The oxygen concentrations/saturations of 2012 on the midshelf are similar from those of mid‐1958 to early 1960, except for marginally higher values during the peak upwelling period due to relatively weak upwelling in 2012. This implies little anthropogenic influence on coastal hypoxia unlike many other coastal regions. In 2012, the inner shelf system shifted from net autotrophy in SIM to net heterotrophy in SM but on an annual basis it was net autotrophic (gross primary production to community respiration ratio, GPP/R:1.11 ± 0.84) as organic production exceeded consumption.
Hydrologic implications of GRACE satellite data in the Colorado River Basin
Authors: Scanlon Bridget R. , Zhang Zizhan , Reedy Robert C. , Pool Donald R. , Save Himanshu , Long Di , Chen Jianli , Wolock David M. , Conway Brian D. , Winester Daniel 
Published: December 2015

AbstractUse of GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) satellites for assessing global water resources is rapidly expanding. Here we advance application of GRACE satellites by reconstructing long‐term total water storage (TWS) changes from ground‐based monitoring and modeling data. We applied the approach to the Colorado River Basin which has experienced multiyear intense droughts at decadal intervals. Estimated TWS declined by 94 km3 during 1986–1990 and by 102 km3 during 1998–2004, similar to the TWS depletion recorded by GRACE (47 km3) during 2010–2013. Our analysis indicates that TWS depletion is dominated by reductions in surface reservoir and soil moisture storage in the upper Colorado basin with additional reductions in groundwater storage in the lower basin. Groundwater storage changes are controlled mostly by natural responses to wet and dry cycles and irrigation pumping outside of Colorado River delivery zones based on ground‐based water level and gravity data. Water storage changes are controlled primarily by variable water inputs in response to wet and dry cycles rather than increasing water use. Surface reservoir storage buffers supply variability with current reservoir storage representing ∼2.5 years of available water use. This study can be used as a template showing how to extend short‐term GRACE TWS records and using all available data on storage components of TWS to interpret GRACE data, especially within the context of droughts.
One‐Pot Olefin Isomerization/Aliphatic Enamine Ring‐Closing Metathesis/Oxidation/1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition for the Synthesis of Isoindolo[1,2‐a]isoquinolines
Authors: Fujii Yuki , Takehara Tsunayoshi , Suzuki Takeyuki , Fujioka Hiromichi , Shuto Satoshi , Arisawa Mitsuhiro 
Published: December 2015

AbstractN‐Alkyl‐N‐(2‐vinylbenzyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐amine derivatives undergo a one‐pot olefin isomerization/aliphatic enamine ring‐closing metathesis (RCM)/oxidation/1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition sequence with the ruthenium complex, Ru(CO)HCl(PPh3)3, a second generation Hoveyda–Grubbs catalyst, and a 1,3‐dipolarophile. Overall, in a single operation the reaction sequence converts simple benzylamine derivatives into isoindolo[1,2‐a]isoquinolines with a π‐conjugated four‐ring system, through three unique ruthenium‐catalyzed transformations.magnified image
Kleine Ursache, große Wirkung: Modifikation der Guanidiniumgruppe im RGD‐Motiv reguliert die Integrinsubtypselektivität
Authors: Kapp Tobias G. , Fottner Maximilian , Maltsev Oleg V. , Kessler Horst 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDurch ihre einzigartige Rolle als Wasserstoffbrückendonor und ihre positive Ladung ist die Guanidiniumgruppe eine wichtige pharmakophore Gruppe, welche häufig in synthetischen Liganden zu finden ist. Meist wird davon ausgegangen, dass eine chemische Modifizierung der Guanidiniumgruppe zum Verlust ihrer Wirkung führt. In dieser Arbeit zeigen wir, dass N‐Methylierung, N‐Alkylierung und N‐Acylierung der Guanidiniumgruppe genutzt werden kann, um die Integrinsubtypselektivität des Integrinliganden Cilengitide gezielt zu beeinflussen. Anhand der Beispiele des αvβ6/α5β1‐biselektiven Peptids c(isoDGRkphg) sowie des αvβ6‐selektiven Liganden c(FRGDLAFp(NMe)K(Ac)) können wir außerdem zeigen, dass auf diese Weise die Bindungsaffinitäten dieser Liganden im Hinblick auf eine erhöhte αvβ6‐Subtypselektivität abgestimmt werden können. Außerdem beschreiben wir eine neuartige Strategie zur Funktionalisierung von Integrinliganden. Durch das Einführen längerer N‐Alkyl‐ und N‐Acylguanidiniumgruppen gelang es uns, einen bisher unbekannten Verankerungspunkt für die Funktionalisierung des Moleküls zu finden, und gleichzeitig die Subtypselektivität zu erhöhen.
Compressed Corannulene in a Molecular Cage
Authors: Schmidt Bernd M. , Osuga Takafumi , Sawada Tomohisa , Hoshino Manabu , Fujita Makoto 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSelf‐assembled coordination cages can be employed as a molecular press, where the bowl‐shaped guest corannulene (C20H10) is significantly flattened upon inclusion within the hydrophobic cavity. This is demonstrated by the pairwise inclusion of corannulene with naphthalene diimide as well as by the dimer inclusion of bromocorannulene inside the box‐like host. The compressed corannulene structures are unambiguously revealed by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis.
Evaluation of some eco‐friendly plasticizers forPLAfilms processing
Authors: Darie‐Niţă Raluca N. , Vasile Cornelia , Irimia Anamaria , Lipşa Rodica , Râpă Maria 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThis study was conducted as a first step in order to obtain green materials for food packaging by using an eco‐friendly bioplastic, polylactic acid (PLA), and nontoxic plasticizers. Different types of nontoxic biocompatible plasticizers/lubricants, both obtained in the laboratory, as well as commercial ones, were employed to modulate physical and mechanical properties of PLA. Melt compounding by means of a Brabender mixer led to obtaining of homogeneous materials. The incorporation of PLA oligomer,l‐lactide, poly(ethylene glycol), and epoxidized soybean oil (USE) improved the melt flow and processability, increasing the hydrophilicity of the resulted plasticized PLA systems. USE significantly increased the elongation at break, reduced the glass transition temperature, and increased the PLA chain mobility. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 43223.
Processing of wood plastic composites: The influence of feeding method and polymer melt flow rate on particle degradation
Authors: Teuber Laura , Militz Holger , Krause Andreas 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTSpruce wood particle (WP)/polypropylene (PP) compounds were prepared in an internal mixer using different rotor speeds. To analyze the effect of feeding method on particle degradation, WP and PP were either fed as dry‐blend or WP was fed into the PP melt. To prevent melt freezing, pre‐heated WP were used as comparison to cold WP. In addition, WPs were compounded with different grades of PP or high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) to analyze the effect of polymer matrix melt flow rate (MFR) on particle degradation. Mixing behavior of compounds containing 30% and 70% (w/w) WP depended on feeding method, represented by a changing relation of final torque values. Feeding as dry‐blend and using pre‐heated particles led to stronger WP degradation. Degradation decreased with increasing polymer MFR. For PP compounds, particle degradation was stronger when containing 70% WP, for HDPE the difference due to WP content was only marginal. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43231.
Design Principles of Reptilian Muscles: Calcium Cycling Strategies
Authors: Perni Stefano , Close Matthew , Franzini‐Armstrong Clara 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThe ultrastructure of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in skeletal muscles was compared among different reptile species (watersnake, boa constrictor, lizard, and turtle) and a mammal (mouse). Morphometric analysis demonstrates a pattern of increasing calsequestrin (CASQ) content in the lumen of SR from turtle to lizard, watersnake, and boa constrictor, and this content is in all cases higher than in mouse. In all reptiles sampled except turtle, CASQ is not confined to the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum (jSR) cisternae as it is in other species. It instead fills the entire longitudinal (free) SR (fSR) regions, and in the extreme case of snakes, the shape of the SR is modified around the extra CASQ. We suggest that high CASQ content may represent an ATP‐saving adaptation that permits relatively low metabolic rates during prolonged periods of fasting and inactivity, particularly in watersnake and boa constrictor. Anat Rec, 299:352–360, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Determination of the inhibitory effect of green tea extract on glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase based on multilayer capillary enzyme microreactor
Authors: Camara Mohamed Amara , Tian Miaomiao , Liu Xiaoxia , Liu Xin , Wang Yujia , Yang Jiqing , Yang Li 
Published: December 2015

AbstractNatural herbal medicines are an important source of enzyme inhibitors for the discovery of new drugs. A number of natural extracts such as green tea have been used in prevention and treatment of diseases due to their low‐cost, low toxicity and good performance. The present study reports an online assay of the activity and inhibition of the green tea extract of the Glucose 6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) enzyme using multilayer capillary electrophoresis based immobilized enzyme microreactors (CE‐IMERs). The multilayer CE‐IMERs were produced with layer‐by‐layer electrostatic assembly, which can easily enhance the enzyme loading capacity of the microreactor. The activity of the G6PDH enzyme was determined and the enzyme inhibition by the inhibitors from green tea extract was investigated using online assay of the multilayer CE‐IMERs. The Michaelis constant (Km) of the enzyme, the IC50 and Ki values of the inhibitors were achieved and found to agree with those obtained using offline assays. The results show a competitive inhibition of green tea extract on the G6PDH enzyme. The present study provides an efficient and easy‐to‐operate approach for determining G6PDH enzyme reaction and the inhibition of green tea extract, which may be beneficial in research and the development of natural herbal medicines. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Progressive scarring facial lesions in a boy
Authors: Chee Jade N. , Koh Mark J.A. , Liew Hui‐Min 
Published: December 2015

Key Clinical MessageHydroa vacciniforme is a photosensitivity disorder characterized by the childhood onset of necrotic vesiculopapules on exposed areas. We present a case of a 10‐year‐old boy with a 1‐year history of papular lesions over his face. In this report, we discuss the in‐depth histology of hydroa vacciniforme, and the management options.
Swallowing‐induced atrial tachycardia: case report
Authors: Xu Ye , Cheng Kuan , Zhu Wenqing 
Published: December 2015

Key Clinical MessageA 53‐year‐old man presented with heart palpitations while swallowing. Electrophysiologic study (EPS) and immunohistochemical results of his esophageal leiomyoma suggested that swallowing‐induced atrial tachycardia is related with neural reflex. S100‐immunopositive nerve fibers are demonstrated sympathetic nerves which possibly explain the mechanism. Metoprolol tartrate tablets are effective in our patient.
Pulmonary vein and cavotricuspid isthmus ablation in situs inversus totalis
Authors: Benjamin Mina M. , Kipp Ryan , Wright Jennifer 
Published: December 2015

Key Clinical MessagePulmonary vein isolation (PVI) with cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) ablation is feasible in patients with situs inversus totalis. Orientation challenges are improved with the use of electroanatomical mapping prior to transseptal puncture. Care must be taken to note the opposing anatomic locations of important structures such as the left atrial appendage, descending aorta, and phrenic nerve.
Kinetic and Theoretical Investigation of Iron(III)‐Catalyzed Silane Chlorination
Authors: Savela Risto , Grénman Henrik , Sundelin Heidi , Norrby Per‐Ola , Yu. Murzin Dmitry , Leino Reko 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA highly versatile, robust, and efficient methodology for chlorination of silanes, methoxysilanes and silanols using low loadings of FeCl3 or Fe(acac)3 as the catalyst in the presence of 1–1.5 equivalents of acetyl chloride as the chlorine source was recently developed. The aim of the present paper is to evaluate and derive the reaction mechanisms involved in this reaction by calculating substrates, intermediates, products, and selected transition states, as well as by employing mathematical modeling of the reaction kinetics. The results obtained required reconsideration of the originally proposed overall reaction mechanism. Based on the kinetic and molecular modeling, a new revised reaction mechanism was developed giving a very good correspondence between the experimental data and calculations.
Enhanced Photostability of a Ruthenium(II) Polypyridyl Complex under Highly Oxidizing Aqueous Conditions by Its Partial Inclusion into a Cyclodextrin
Authors: Farras Pau , Waller Helen , Benniston Andrew C. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe complex [Ru(bpy)2L]2+, where bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine, L=4‐(phenylethynyl)‐2,2′‐bipyridine, was prepared in its racemic and resolved forms (Δ and Λ). The phenylethynyl unit on the bipyridine for the complex acts as a binding site for α‐cyclodextrin in water (1:1 complex, K=3390 L mol−1) or β‐cyclodextrin (2:1 complex, K1=887 L mol−1, K2=8070 L mol−1). The presence of the cyclodextrin provides partial protection to the complex under light‐activated water oxidation conditions.
Identifying a Highly Active Copper Catalyst for KA2 Reaction of Aromatic Ketones
Authors: Cai Yujuan , Tang Xinjun , Ma Shengming 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe well‐established A3 coupling reaction of terminal alkynes, aldehydes, and amines provides the most straightforward approach to propargylic amines. However, the related reaction of ketones, especially aromatic ketones, is still a significant challenge. A highly efficient catalytic protocol has been developed for the coupling of aromatic ketones with amines and terminal alkynes, in which CuI, generated in situ from the reduction of CuBr2 with sodium ascorbate, has been identified as the highly efficient catalyst. Since propargylic amines are versatile synthetic intermediates and important units in pharmaceutical products, such an advance will greatly stimulate research interest involving the previously unavailable propargylic amines.
Optimizing the choice of influential nodes for diffusion on a social network
Authors: Agha Mohammad Ali Kermani Mehrdad , Aliahmadi Alireza , Hanneman Robert 
Published: December 2015

SummaryAn optimization approach is taken to locating the optimal set of initial contacts in a social network to maximize the number of total network members reached by a message. It is assumed that initial contacts are costly and that the number of initial contacts must be minimized simultaneously with maximizing the total number of network members contacted. A bi‐objective probabilistic integer programming model is developed that assumes that actors are heterogeneous in the probability that they will pass messages along their ego networks. Considering the complexity of solving the proposed model, it reformulated as a pure integer programming model. The algorithm is illustrated by the analysis of message passing in a short‐message system (texting) among university students. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of cytotechnologist–cytopathologist interpretative agreement using the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology
Authors: Lokhandwala Parvez M. , Abendroth Catherine S. , Wang Ming , Mani Haresh , Williams Nicole C. , Walls Michelle , Zander Dani S. 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundThe Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology was proposed to provide a clinically relevant framework for interpretations to improve interobserver agreement. Limited data is available regarding the level of interobserver agreement between groups of cytotechnologists (CTs) and cytopathologists (CPs) examining the same thyroid fine needle aspirate (FNA) samples.MethodsRetrospective review of 1,229 thyroid FNAs from 976 patients between 03/2010 and 08/2012 was performed. FNAs received preliminary evaluation by a CT followed by final interpretation by a CP. We calculated Cohen's Kappa coefficient to measure agreement between CTs and CPs, and analyzed levels of discrepancy using delta analysis.ResultsOverall Kappa between CTs and CPs was 0.79 (95%CI: 0.76–0.83). Kappa values were higher for the nondiagnostic (0.89), benign (0.83), and malignant (0.91) categories than for other categories. Overall Kappa did not show a trend over time, and inversely correlated with the percentage of intermediate grade lesions (coefficient of −0.8; P < 0.01). CTs overcalled more cases (n = 71) than undercalled (n = 29) (P < 0.001), as compared to CPs, with a Δ1 ratio of 2.2 and Δ2 ratio of 3.5. Most two‐level discrepancies were related to follicular lesions (19/21) (P = 0.0002). Differences in sample adequacy assessment occurred in 2% of cases.ConclusionOverall, there was a high level of interpretative agreement between CTs and CPs, which remained stable over time, including judgments regarding specimen adequacy. Agreement was most robust for the benign and malignant categories. Our data supports the current practice of allowing CTs to perform on‐site adequacy evaluation of thyroid FNAs. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:113–118. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Wnt/β‐catenin‐signaling and the formation of Müller glia‐derived progenitors in the chick retina
Authors: Gallina Donika , Palazzo Isabella , Steffenson Lillia , Todd Levi , Fischer Andy J. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTMüller glia can be stimulated to de‐differentiate, proliferate, and form Müller glia‐derived progenitor cells (MGPCs) that are capable of producing retinal neurons. The signaling pathways that influence the de‐differentiation of mature Müller glia and proliferation of MGPCs may include the Wnt‐pathway. The purpose of this study was to investigate how Wnt‐signaling influences the formation of MGPCs in the chick retina in vivo. In NMDA‐damaged retinas where MGPCs are known to form, we find dynamic changes in retinal levels of potential readouts of Wnt‐signaling, including dkk1, dkk3, axin2, c‐myc, tcf‐1, and cd44. We find accumulations of nuclear β‐catenin in MGPCs that peaks at 3 days and rapidly declines by 5 days after NMDA‐treatment. Inhibition of Wnt‐signaling with XAV939 in damaged retinas suppressed the formation of MGPCs, increased expression of ascl1a and decreased hes5, but had no effect upon the differentiation of progeny produced by MGPCs. Activation of Wnt‐signaling, with GSK3β‐inhibitors, in the absence of retinal damage, failed to stimulate the formation of MGPCs, whereas activation of Wnt‐signaling in damaged retinas stimulated the formation of MGPCs. In the absence of retinal damage, FGF2/MAPK‐signaling stimulated the formation of MGPCs by activating a signaling network that includes Wnt/β‐catenin. In FGF2‐treated retinas, inhibition of Wnt‐signaling reduced numbers of proliferating MGPCs, whereas activation of Wnt‐signaling failed to influence the formation of proliferating MGPCs. Our findings indicate that Wnt‐signaling is part of a network initiated by FGF2/MAPK or retinal damage, and activation of canonical Wnt‐signaling is required for the formation of proliferating MGPCs. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 983–1002, 2016
Focused vs. Broad enhanced cognitive behavioral therapy for bulimia nervosa with comorbid borderline personality: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Thompson‐Brenner Heather , Shingleton Rebecca M. , Thompson Douglas R. , Satir Dana A. , Richards Lauren K. , Pratt Elizabeth M. , Barlow David H. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveA subset of individuals with bulimia nervosa (BN) have borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptoms, including chronic negative affect and interpersonal problems. These symptoms predict poor BN treatment outcome in some studies. The broad version of Enhanced Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT‐E) was developed to address co‐occurring problems that interfere with treatment response. The current study investigated the relative effects, predictors, and moderators of CBT‐E for BN with BPD and co‐occurring mood/anxiety disorders.MethodFifty patients with BN and threshold or sub‐threshold BPD and current or recent Axis I mood or anxiety disorders were randomly assigned to receive focused CBT‐E (CBT‐Ef) or broad CBT‐E (CBT‐Eb) specifically including an interpersonal module and additional attention to mood intolerance.ResultsForty‐two percent of the sample reported remission from binge eating and purging at termination. Significant changes across symptom domains were observed at termination and at 6‐month follow‐up. Though CBT‐Ef predicted good outcomes in multivariate models, the severity of affective/interpersonal problems moderated treatment effects: participants with higher severity showed better ED outcomes in CBT‐Eb, whereas those with lower severity showed better outcomes in CBT‐Ef. Severity of affective/interpersonal BPD symptoms at baseline predicted negative outcomes overall. Follow‐up BPD affective/interpersonal problems were predicted by baseline affective/interpersonal problems and by termination EDE score.DiscussionThis study supports the utility of CBT‐E for patients with BN and complex comorbidity. CBT‐Ef appears to be more efficacious for patients with relatively less severe BPD symptoms, whereas CBT‐Eb appears to be more efficacious for patients with more severe BPD symptoms. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:36–49).
Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetic Properties of Phosphinate‐Bridged Hexanuclear FeIII Complexes Containing Two Butterfly‐Shaped Fe3O Cores
Authors: Goura Joydeb , Oyarzabal Itziar , Colacio Enrique , Chandrasekhar Vadapalli 
Published: December 2015

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are Enrique Colacio from the University of Granada, Spain, and Vadapalli Chandrasekhar from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India. The cover image shows the two hexanuclear FeIII phosphinate clusters, whose magnetic properties were investigated, against a background of butterflies, which delineate the structure of the cores.