bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quasi-static hydraulic crack growth driven by Darcy’s law
Authors: Almi Stefano 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
In the framework of rate independent processes, we present a variational model of quasi-static crack growth in hydraulic fracture. We first introduce the energy functional and study the equilibrium conditions of an unbounded linearly elastic body subject to a remote strain

ϵ
∈
ℝ

{\epsilon\in\mathbb{R}}

and with a sufficiently regular crack Γ filled by a volume V of incompressible fluid. In particular, we are able to find the pressure p of the fluid inside the crack as a function of Γ, V, and ϵ. Then we study the problem of quasi-static evolution for our model, imposing that the fluid volume V and the fluid pressure p are related by Darcy’s law. We show the existence of such an evolution, and we prove that it satisfies a weak notion of the so-called Griffith’s criterion.
Neolithic Age of western Tibet: a trans-Himalayan perspective
Authors: Lü Hongliang 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Based on the archaeological evidences from western Tibet and Swat and Kashmir Valleys, this paper argues that there were indeed local traditions of Neolithic cultures of the northwestern subcontinent, but its connection with outside areas, especially the Tibet of China could not be denied. The evidences showed trans-Himalayan transmission in small scale. Karub Culture in the eastern Tibet and Dingzhonghu Zhuzi Site in the southwestern Tibet might have been the connecting points of trans-Himalayan Neolithic interactions, and this small scale cultural penetrating should be explained in the background of long-distance trans-Himalayan trade.
On the early metal objects and early Metal Age in Tibet
Authors: Huo Wei 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe studies on the issue of the early making and using of the metal objects in Tibet have long been relying on the textual materials completed in later times, but could not be supported by the archaeologically obtained physical materials. This paper systematically trimmed the results of the Tibetan archaeology in recent years and pointed out that the earliest date of the making of metal objects in Tibet could be as early as 4000 BP or earlier. In 2500–2000 BP, the early Metal Age in Tibet showed a complicated feature; iron wares might have been introduced into the Tibetan Plateau, and the compound objects composed of iron, copper and bronze parts became popular, showing that the people had some knowledge on these metals. The people living in Ngari Plateau in western Tibet and Yarlung Tsangpo Valley in southern Tibet had known to use or make iron weapons and ornaments; the discovery of the large quantity of iron arrowheads proved that the iron production at that time reached a rather high level. It could also be observed from the early metal objects unearthed in Tibet that their making probably referred to the various features of the manufacturing and decorating of the early metal objects in the surrounding areas, and some special metal objects might have been introduced into Tibet through multiple possible approaches.
The pattern of archaeological cultures in northern China during the Eastern Zhou Period to the Qin Dynasty – also on the interactions among the Rong, Di and Hu ethnic groups and the Central Plains
Authors: Shan Yueying 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Through the systematic trimming and analysis to the remains of the archaeological cultures of the Eastern Zhou Period through the Qin Dynasty in northern China, this paper puts forward that during this period, there were two cultural zones (the north and south cultural “belts”) with clearly different cultural features and connotations and peoples bearing clearly different physical characteristics in northern China, and discussed the regional differences of the remains of the archaeological cultures in each cultural belt and their developments and changes. The cultures in the south cultural belt could not be regarded as a part of the early Iron Age cultures in the Eurasian Steppes, but a kind of culture peculiar to the transitional zone between the cultures in the Eurasian Steppes and that in the Central Plains; the development and evolution of the north cultural belt, which emerged in the mid to the late Spring-and-Autumn Period, can be divided into three clear phases: the first phase was a part of the early Iron Age cultures in the Eurasian Steppes, but since the second phase, the cultural features and connotations of this belt began to stray out of the cultures in the Eurasian Steppes, which would be closely related to the military conquering and political management of the Central Plains polities and the powerful northward advance of the cultures of the Central Plains. Referring to the relevant historic literature, this paper made further observations to the interactions among the polities of the Central Plains and the peoples in these two cultural belts and the changes of the cultural patterns in each of the two cultural belts, and revealed the processes of the Sinicization of the Rong, Di and Hu ethnic groups in northern China. This paper pointed out that the Hu ethnic group lived in northern China since the mid Spring-and-Autumn Period, and the later appearance of the Hu people in the historic literatures was related to the northward advances of the territories of polities of the Central Plains rather than the southward invasion of the nomadic tribes living in the present-day Mongolian Plateau.
Hybrid PPP Projects in the Programming Periods of 2007–2013 and 2014–2020
Authors: Cieślak Rafał , Zdanukiewicz Julia 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Hybrid public-private partnership (PPP) projects in Poland emerged during EU programming period 2007–2013 with minimal impact, but this experience has given way to the opportunity of widen application during the financial perspective 2014–2020. In the 2007–2013 period various programs utilized the benefits of PPP in sensus largo manner. However PPPs in the 2014–2020 period seeks to create a leverage effect encouraging the private sector to increase its interest in investments connected to the development of the goals of the European Union. New regulations concerning EU Cohesion Policy eliminate some barriers in hybrid PPPs thus allowing the connection of various public and private sector resources. It seems that 2014–2020 period will allow for more integration of EU funds with private capital in the PPP framework. However the implementation of some regulatory provisions may be hindered unless guidelines, procedures and implementation conditions of hybrid projects are adopted.
Disbursement of grants contrary to their purpose defined by the entity awarding the grants – a local government unit
Authors: Fandrejewski Roman 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The purpose of this publication is to present the complexity of the problem with responsibility for violation of public finance discipline by persons, who represent entities outside of the public finance sector and receive subsidies from the local government units budget. The cause of this responsibility is disbursement of the grants contrary to their purpose. Avariety of adjudication committee judgments in cases of the breach of public finance discipline and the administrative courts decisions show the problem of responsibility of the beneficiaries of grants. The study provides a direction of necessary changes to the existing legal solutions in this area.
Oxidative reaction of 2-aminopyridine-3-sulfonyl chlorides with tertiary amines
Authors: Wei Huiping , Wang Gaigai , Li Binbin , Huang Jianjun , Li Haiyan , Pereshivko Olga P. , Peshkov Vsevolod A. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract2-Aminopyridine-3-sulfonyl chlorides undergo a reaction with tertiary amines in the presence of air to produce sulfonylethenamines. The 2-aminopyridine-3-sulfonyl chloride apparently plays a dual role in the process promoting the aerobic oxidation of the amine and electrophilically trapping the resulting enamine.
Knowledge Translation in Health Care as a Multimodal Interactional Accomplishment
Authors: Kjær Malene 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn the theory of health care, knowledge translation is regarded as a crucial phenomenon that makes the whole health care system work in a desired manner. The present paper studies knowledge translation from the student nurses’ perspective through a close analysis of the part of their education where they are in clinical practice. The analysis is made possible through video recordings of how student nurses translate their theoretical knowledge into professional situational conduct in everyday interactional accomplishments among supervisors and patients. The analysis shows how some knowledge gets translated through the use of rich multimodal embodied interactions, whereas the more abstract aspects of knowledge remain untranslated. Overall, the study contributes to the understanding of knowledge translation as a multimodal, locally situated accomplishment.
Spatial Engagement in Persian Ethnic Shops in Sydney
Authors: Izadi Dariush 
Published: November 2016

AbstractService encounters are a fundamental activity in everyday life whereby commodities and/or information are exchanged between a service provider and a customer. A service encounter is by nature a goal-oriented speech event. However, goals at service encounters are not simply limited to achieving business transactions; on the contrary, they incorporate a range of social and discursive practices. The current study focuses on the intersection of social action, practices and discourses produced and reproduced by the shop owners (husband–wife teams) and the customers within a site of engagement in Persian ethnic shops in Sydney and the way they are interactionally realized. Unlike prior studies, which have tended to focus on verbal exchanges as units of analysis without paying much attention to the site of engagement, research on service encounters has recently shifted its focus toward an understanding of the social processes that underpin such verbal exchanges. The present study is situated within the framework of Mediated Discourse Analysis (
Objects, Frozen Actions, and Identity: A Multimodal (Inter)action Analysis
Authors: Norris Sigrid , Makboon Boonyalakha 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this article, we take a multimodal (inter)action analytical approach, showing how objects in everyday life are identity telling. As social actors surround themselves with objects, multiple actions from producing the objects to acquiring and placing them in the environment are embedded within. Here, we investigate examples from two different ethnographic studies, using the notion of frozen actions. One of our examples comes from a 5-month-long ethnographic study on identity production of three vegetarians in Thailand (
When We Go to War: Multimodality and Film Title Design
Authors: Ings Welby 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFilm titles are distinctive paratextual artefacts that while supporting and normally prefiguring a film or television series, orchestrate unique modes of address into an expression of identity. These multimodal texts have a bifurcate function. First they establish the film’s title and list the primary creative and management team behind the production. In addition, they can also become unique expressions that interpret the ethos of a film. As such they increasingly stand as appreciable design works in their own right. This article considers the design process and eventual form of a 45-second title sequence developed for the six-part television drama series
Role of Laparoscopic Splenectomy in Elderly Immune Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Giudice Valentina , Rosamilio Rosa , Serio Bianca , Di Crescenzo Rosa Maria , Rossi Francesca , De Paulis Amato , Pilone Vincenzo , Selleri Carmine 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The management of older patients with chronic primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is still very challenging because of the fragility of older patients who frequently have severe comorbidities and/or disabilities. Corticosteroid-based first-line therapies fail in most of the cases and patients require a second-line treatment, choosing between rituximab, thrombopoietin-receptor agonists and splenectomy. The choice of the best treatment in elderly patients is a compromise between effectiveness and safety and laparoscopic splenectomy may be a good option with a complete remission rate of 67% at 60 months. But relapse and complication rates remain higher than in younger splenectomized ITP patients because elderly patients undergo splenectomy with unfavorable conditions (age >60 year-old, presence of comorbidities, or multiple previous treatments) which negatively influence the outcome, regardless the hematological response. For these reasons, a good management of concomitant diseases and the option to not use the splenectomy as the last possible treatment could improve the outcome of old splenectomized patients.
Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of neuroendocrine tumors of the digestive system
Authors: Sivero Luigi , Telesca Donato Alessandro , Ruggiero Simona , Russo Teresa , Amato Maurizio , Bianco Tommaso , Amato Bruno , Formisano Cesare , Avellino Manuela , Napolitano Vincenzo 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The authors evaluated the role of endoscopic techniques in the diagnosis and in the potential treatment of neuroendocrine tumors (NET) localized in the gastro-entero-pancreatic system, on the basis of their experience and of the international literature. NET are rare tumors that arise from neuroendocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. It is a possibility that both the digestive endoscopy and EUS play an important role in the diagnosis, staging and surveillance of this disease. In some cases, especially in the early stages, surgical endoscopy allows the treatment of such tumors.
Diagnostic yield and safety of C-TBNA in elderly patients with lung cancer
Authors: Vitale Carolina , Galderisi Antonio , Maglio Angelantonio , Laperuta Paolo , Di Crescenzo Rosa Maria , Selleri Carmine , Molino Antonio , Vatrella Alessandro 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Conventional transbronchial needle aspiration (C-TBNA) is a minimally invasive technique used primarily in the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer. Currently lung cancer is mostly considered a disease of the elderly and the management of this disease in older patients is a growing concern.
In this study we aimed to assess the diagnostic yield and safety of C-TBNA in elderly patients.
A retrospective review of 88 consecutive C-TBNA procedures for nodal staging in suspected or confirmed primary lung cancer or pathological confirmation in suspected advanced lung cancer was performed. Patients were divided into less than 70 (<70yrs) or 70 and older (≥70yrs) age groups for analysis. There were no significant differences either in the diagnostic yield (69% in patients aged < 70 yrs and 74% patients aged ≥ 70 yrs (p=0.5) nor in the complication rate (respectively 8.8% in patients aged < 70 yrs and 6.9% in patients aged ≥ 70 yrs (p=0.7) between the two age groups. Reported complications were minor bleeding and poor tolerance; no major complications were observed.
Based on our experience, C-TBNA represents a useful and safe alternative procedure for the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer in elderly patients.
On the geometry of conditional expectations treated as projections on the L
2-space
Authors: Komisarski Andrzej , Paszkiewicz Adam 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
We study the relative position of two measure-theoretical conditional expectations treated as orthogonal projections on the L
2-space. We show that any pair of orthogonal projections P and Q on a separable Hilbert space with dim(P ∧ Q) = ∞ is unitarily equivalent to the conditional expectations under two sub-σ-fields of some probability space.
Was verstehen Studierende unter dem Begriff der Seele?
Authors: Voll Katrin , Müller Jakob Johann , Loetz Cécile , Frick Eckhard 
Published: November 2016

Zusammenfassung
„Psychologie ohne Seele“ – mit diesen Worten von Friedrich Albert Lange (1866: 465) wurde der modernen, an den Methoden und Denkweisen der Naturwissenschaft orientierten Psychologie ein berühmtes Diktum eingeschrieben. Der Begriff „Seele“ scheint in einer experimentell verorteten und evidenzbasierten wissenschaftlichen Auseinandersetzung nur mehr eine untergeordnete Rolle zu spielen, zumindest in den Fachbereichen der Psychologie und Medizin. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die Verwendung des Seelenbegriffs durch die „Praktizierenden von morgen“ und vergleicht Studierende der Medizin, Philosophie, Psychologie und Theologie. Qualitative und quantitative Ergebnisse weisen auf Besonderheiten und eine Aktualität des Seelenbegriffs hin, die bislang von der wissenschaftlichen Debatte nicht abgebildet wird.
Influence of Chemical Structure and Temperature on Oxygen Reduction Reaction and Transport in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Gui Alicia L. , Endres Frank , Wittstock Gunther 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe ORR mechanism is studied in the context of metal-air batteries in three ionic liquids, 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([Py1,4]TfO), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([EMIm]TfO) and 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([BDMIm]Tf2N). An electrochemical scheme combining four electrochemical techniques (CA, CV at macro-disk electrode, linear sweep voltammetry at rotating disk electrode (LSV at RDE) and CV at microelectrode (CV at ME)) is developed to perform fast determination of oxygen parameters (concentrationc* and diffusion coefficientD) of electrolyte at various conditions. The electrochemical study has revealed the influence of acidity of ionic liquid to the reversibility of the O2/O2˙−redox reaction. The influence of temperature (up to 100°C) on the mechanism change of ORR as well as the changes ofc* andDin three ionic liquids have been examined using the developed electrochemical method. The result has shown that theT-dependency ofc* is much less prominent than that ofD.
Active postoperative acromegaly: sustained remission after discontinuation of somatostatin analogues
Authors: Alvarez-Escola Cristina , Cardenas-Salas Jersy 
Published: November 2016

Summary
In patients with active acromegaly after pituitary surgery, somatostatin analogues are effective in controlling the disease and can even be curative in some cases. After treatment discontinuation, the likelihood of disease recurrence is high. However, a small subset of patients remains symptom-free after discontinuation, with normalized growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF1) levels. The characteristics of patients most likely to achieve sustained remission after treatment discontinuation are not well understood, although limited evidence suggests that sustained remission is more likely in patients with lower GH and IGF1 levels before treatment withdrawal, in those who respond well to low-dose treatment, in those without evidence of adenoma on an MRI scan and/or in patients who receive long-term treatment. In this report, we describe the case of a 56-year-old female patient treated with lanreotide Autogel for 11 years. Treatment was successfully discontinued, and the patient is currently disease-free on all relevant parameters (clinical, biochemical and tumour status). The successful outcome in this case adds to the small body of literature suggesting that some well-selected patients who receive long-term treatment with somatostatin analogues may achieve sustained remission.

Learning points:

The probability of disease recurrence is high after discontinuation of treatment with somatostatin analogues.

Current data indicate that remission after treatment discontinuation may be more likely in patients with low GH and IGF1 levels before treatment withdrawal, in those who respond well to low-dose treatment, in those without evidence of adenoma on MRI, and/or in patients receiving prolonged treatment.

This case report suggests that prolonged treatment with somatostatin analogues can be curative in carefully selected patients.
Incidence and characteristics of needlestick injuries among medical trainees at a community teaching hospital: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ouyang Ben , Li Lucy D X , Mount Joanne , Jamal Alainna J , Berry Lauren , Simone Carmine , Law Marcus , Tai R W Melissa 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Objectives
This field study aimed to determine the incidence and distribution of needlestick injuries among medical trainees at a community teaching hospital in Toronto, Canada.

Methods
The study was performed during the 2013-2015 academic years at Toronto East General Hospital (TEGH), a University of Toronto-affiliated community-teaching hospital during the 2013-2015 academic years. Eight-hundred and forty trainees, including medical students, residents, and post-graduate fellows, were identified and invited via email to participate in an anonymous online fluidsurveys.com survey of 16 qualitative and quantitative questions.

Results
Three-hundred and fifty trainees responded (42% response rate). Eighty-eight (25%) respondents reported experiencing at least one injury at TEGH. In total, our survey identified 195 total injuries. Surgical trainees were significantly more likely to incur injuries than non-surgical trainees (IRR = 3.03, 95% CI 1.80-5.10). Orthopaedic surgery trainees had the highest risk of a needlestick injury, being over 12 times more likely to be injured than emergency medicine trainees (IRR = 12.4, 95% CI 2.11-72.32). Only 28 of the 88 most recent needlestick injuries were reported to occupational health. Trainees reported a perception of insignificant risk, lack of resources and support for reporting, and injury stigmatization as reasons for not reporting needlestick injuries.

Conclusions
Needlestick injuries were a common underreported risk to medical trainees at TEGH. Future research should investigate strategies to reduce injury and improve reporting among the high-risk and reporting-averse trainees.
Di-n-butyl phthalate induced hypospadias relates to autophagy in genital tubercle via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway
Authors: Li Xiang , Li Jinhao , Zhang Ya , Zhou Yun 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Objective
To explore the mechanisms of hypospadias induced by in utero exposure to din-butyl phthalate (DBP).

Methods
Timed-pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were administered 750 mg/kg of DBP by gavage from GD (gestation days) 13 to GD 18, whereas control group received corn oil. Genital tubercles (GTs) and blood samples were collected from male fetuses on GD 19. The serum testosterone concentration, apoptosis activity, autophagosomes and their related proteins (light chain 3 (LC3-I, LC3-II)), and sequestosomes (SQSTM1/p62) in the GTs were then measured. Protein expression of protein kinase B (Akt), Beclin 1, phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), p-S6, and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) in the GTs were analyzed by Western blotting.

Results
The incidence of hypospadias induced by DBP was 43.64% in male fetuses. The GT volume and GT volume/body weight of fetuses were significantly reduced in the hypospadias and the nonhypospadias groups. Apoptotic cell number was significantly decreased in the GTs of the hypospadias group, but unchanged in the non-hyposadias group. The ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I was higher in the GTs from DBP exposed fetuses compared to the control group. The ratio of LC3II/LC3-I in the GTs was higher in the hypospadias group than in the non-hypospadias group. The number of autophagosomes was increased in the GTs of the hypospadias group. Protein expression of p-S6, p-mTOR, and p-Akt were significantly decreased in the GTs of hypospadiac rats.

Conclusions
DBP-induced hypospadias might be associated with apoptosis and autophagy mediated by the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in the GT.