bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control Method of Upper Limb Rehabilitation Exoskeleton for Better Assistance: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Wang Wendong , Ren Huizhao , Ci Zelin , Yuan Xiaoqing , Zhang Peng , Wang Chenyang 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe upper limb rehabilitation exoskeleton is a robotic‐arm‐like device that fits the human upper limb and assists in movement, having the potential to be widely used in medical practice. The control method of the upper limb rehabilitation exoskeleton system is an important factor that affects the effectiveness of its rehabilitation training assistance and is also the focus of research in this field. In this article, we divide the control method of the upper limb rehabilitation exoskeleton into two levels, the high‐level control mode (including passive mode, active mode, and ANN, etc.) and the low‐level controller. The design of the controller aims to meet the requirements of the control mode but faces difficulties such as complex dynamic models of the system, unknown external disturbances, and motion intention recognition to achieve accurate motion trajectory tracking and flexible human–robot interaction. Based on relevant literature in the field of upper limb rehabilitation exoskeleton control methods in recent years, we analyze the rehabilitation training control modes that researchers aim to achieve, as well as the work they have done in controller design to achieve these control modes. We also propose potential research directions for achieving better exoskeleton‐assisted training effects.
Digital sustainability and eco‐environmental sustainability: A review of emerging technologies, resource challenges, and policy implications
Authors: Meinhold Roman , Wagner Christoph , Dhar Bablu Kumar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis review provides a comprehensive analysis of the intersection between digital sustainability (DS) and eco‐environmental sustainability (EES), focusing on the opportunities and challenges presented by emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, electric vehicles (EVs), and cryptocurrencies. The study critically examines the sustainability concerns arising from the increasing demand for digital infrastructure and the depletion of essential natural resources, including tantalum, indium, cobalt, and lithium. Through an interdisciplinary approach, the review evaluates the ethical, technological, and policy implications of integrating DS within the EES framework. It emphasizes the significance of innovative governance and cross‐sector collaboration to address the environmental trade‐offs and digital rebound effects linked with these technologies. Additionally, the review proposes strategies for mitigating the ecological impacts of digital transformation and identifies crucial research gaps, particularly in resource management and long‐term sustainability. The findings aim to guide the alignment of DS with EES, fostering a more balanced and resilient path towards sustainable development. This study offers actionable insights and policy recommendations for industry practitioners, policymakers, and researchers committed to advancing sustainable digital transformation.
High Performance‐Low Cost‐Chemiresitive BaTiO3 Nanospheres Based CO2 Gas Sensor for Air Quality Monitoring
Authors: Rodrigues Jolina , Shimpi Navinchandra Gopal 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSpherical shaped Barium titanate (BaTiO3) nanospheres was synthesized, using co‐precipitate technique. The as‐synthesized nanospheres was discovered to be discriminatory in terms of sensing carbon dioxide (CO2) gas. The structural parameters like, shape, optical properties, morphology, and thermal stability were explored using XRD, FT‐IR, UV‐Visible, EDS and FE‐SEM. Spherical shaped BaTiO3 nanospheres material have the highest response (63 %) for CO2 gas. CO2 gas reaction and recovery times were 23.5 and 20.3 seconds, respectively. The CO2 gas concentration climbs from 1 to 50 ppm, reaction to gas sensors increases. CO2 gas has higher selectivity for BaTiO3 nanospheres as compared to other gases like carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and hydrogen (H2). The repeatability of BaTiO3 nanospheres was researched for 42 days and discovered to be impressive.
A Comprehensive Review of Physicochemical Properties of Biomass‐Derived Oxygenates and Reformulated Gasoline
Authors: Kashyap Pinki , Farhan Elahi Shariq , Al Mesfer Mohammed K. , Nigam K. D. P , Ahmad Ejaz 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBiorenewable energy resources can be crucial in neutralizing the transportation sector's greenhouse gas emissions. However, the direct use of biorenewable fuels in existing gasoline engines is challenging and requires several modifications. On the contrary, blending compatible biorenewable fuels in limited amounts as an additive in conventional gasoline does not necessarily require any modifications in the engine. Thus, the present review critically asses the physiochemical and fuel properties of biomass‐derived oxygenates such as alcohols, ether, furans, glycerine derivatives, alkyl levulinates, bio‐oils, and esters to understand their full potential as a gasoline additive. Properties such as research octane number (RON), motor octane number (MON), density, volatility characteristics, calorific value, and viscosity of the bio‐based oxygenates have been discussed. Moreover, emission characteristics such as NOx, CO, unburnt, HC, and CO2 of oxygenates reformulated gasoline have been discussed.
Hepatoprotective Activity of Gingko biloba‐Mediated TiO2 NPs Against Acetaminophen‐Induced Albino Rats‐ In Vitro Studies
Authors: Zhou Yuyang , Tang Juncheng , Tan Xiaokai , You Yulai 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNumerous effects of “titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs)” have been described and significantly utilized in complementary drugs for many decades. This study is conducted to analyze the therapeutic efficiency of TiO2 NPs against the acetaminophen‐(AMP) induced toxicity. TiO2 NPs were initially prepared using Ginkgo biloba leaf extract as reducing and stabilizing agent. The prepared TiO2 NPs were studied using various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. AFM, TEM, XRD, and DLS studies have confirmed the formation of TiO2 NPs with size between 20 to 60 nm with negative surface charge of about −12 mV. Later, hepatoprotective studies were performed by administering AMP to albino mice only once at a dosage of 2 g/kg p.o. Post 24 h of AMP intoxication, the animals were treated orally with three different doses of TiO2 NPs (150, 100, and 50 mg/kg) or silymarin at an amount of 50 mg/kg p.o., administered only once. Post 24 h of last treatment, all the animals were surrendered to death. The group of mice administered with AMP displayed a substantial raise in the serum alkaline phosphatase (560 ± 31.90), lactate dehydrogenase (167 ± 10.17), aspartate amino transferase (251 ± 14.82), alanine amino transferase (326 + 18.96), bilirubin (2.2 ± 1.066), cholesterol (96.7 ± 6.2), and albumin (6.0 ± 1.27) in serum, which signified the liver damage. A considerably depleted level of glutathione (5.4 + 1.24) was detected in the mice intoxicated with AMP. The activities of catalase (33.2 ± 2.66) and superoxide dismutase (36 ± 2.93) declined after exposure to acetaminophen, resulting in oxidative stress in liver. The performance of adenosine triphosphatase (901 ± 50.7) and glucose‐6‐phosphatase (3.9 + 1.15) were considerably inhibited after administrating with AMP. On treating with TiO2 NPs, all the variables reversed significantly towards regular levels and were noticed to be nontoxic. The groups treated with TiO2 NPs exhibited less activity of ALT, AST, LDH, and SALP in serum, indicating the protective effect of TiO2 NPs to prevent liver damage. Exposure with TiO2 NPs inverted the cholesterol, albumin, and bilirubin levels towards normal, which is similar to silymarin treatment. TiO2 NPs exhibited a substantial change in tissue and blood biochemical parameters with that of control groups. These results indicate that TiO2 NPs possesses hepatoprotective properties that mitigate the hepatotoxicity induced by acetaminophen in rats. Hence, TiO2 NPs can be further utilized in the preparation of medicine against hepatic and renal diseases, post further clinical and preclinical studies.
Cotton Fabric Coating by Cationic Starches to Aim for Salt‐Free Reactive Dyeing
Authors: Wurm Florian , Mann Karl‐Juergen , Seidl Bernhard , Kozich Martin , Bechtold Thomas , Pham Tung 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCationic starch (CatS) coating of cellulose fabrics enables salt‐free reactive dyeing. However, the relation of the degree of substitution and CatS concentration in the dyeing procedure are open issues. Accordingly, three cationic starches of increasing degree of substitution were used at different concentrations for the coating of cotton fabrics. Fabrics were evaluated for stiffness, dye uptake, dye exhaustion, wash fastness and nitrogen content.With an increasing degree of substitution coating solutions become more viscous, resulting in increased wet pick‐up and less stiff coated fabrics. These fabrics show increasing dye absorption and color generation. Due to the molecular size of the cationic starch, yarn/fiber ring dyeing is supposed present. Specifically, color generation can be adjusted by initial cationic starch coating concentration. Above 5 % CatS concentration ceases to have an increasing coloration effect. Pre‐treating a cellulose fabric with approximately 2.2 % CatS (Ds=0.7) enables similar coloration to a standard reactive dyeing protocol. Light fastness is reduced by 1–1.5 compared to salt‐based reactive dyeing. Rub fastness decreases by 1–2 only for higher substituted cationic starches (Ds=0.7). Nitrogen analysis reveals that a share of the CatS elutes off the fabrics into the dye bath.
DABCO‐Mediated [4+1] Annulation of Cyclopropane‐1,1‐dicarbonitriles with Ethyl Glycinate to Access Ethyl (2‐Amino‐1H‐pyrrol‐1‐yl)acetates
Authors: Cheng Wenzhe , Xue Yuhang , Wang Cunde 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAn effective DABCO‐promoted (4+1) annulation reaction for the synthesis of ethyl (2‐amino‐1H‐pyrrol‐1‐yl)acetate derivatives from 2‐aroyl‐3‐arylcyclopropane‐1,1‐dicarbonitriles and ethyl glycinate was developed. This strategy is characterized by the readily accessible starting materials, mild conditions, and simplicity of operation.
Ligand‐Controlled Regioselective Hydroacylation Reactions of Methylenecyclobutanes under Rhodium Catalysis
Authors: Jiang Zhi‐Ping , Li Ying‐Yun , Zhao Jun , Zhang Shi‐Jiao , Li Hong‐Shuang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this study, we report a Rh(I)/dppf catalytic system that can tune the regioselectivity of methylenecyclobutanes. Under the optimal reaction conditions, a series of 1,3‐disubstituted cyclobutanes were prepared in high yields (up to 95%) with excellent regioselectivity (>20:1 r.r.). Scale‐up synthesis of the cyclobutane product at a low catalyst loading (2 mol%) demonstrates the robustness of this dppf‐controlled hydroacylation.
Rational MOF Membrane Design for Gas Detection in Complex Environments
Authors: Kong Lei , Yu Chengyue , Chen Yupeng , Zhu Zhongpeng , Jiang Lei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) hold significant promise in the realm of gas sensing. However, current understanding of their sensing mechanisms remains limited. Furthermore, the large‐scale fabrication of MOFs is hampered by their inadequate mechanical properties. These two challenges contribute to the sluggish development of MOF‐based gas‐sensing materials. In this review, the selection of metal ions and organic ligands for designing MOFs is first presented, deepening the understanding of the interactions between different metal ions/organic ligands and target gases. Subsequently, the typical interfacial synthesis strategies (gas‐solid, gas‐liquid, solid‐liquid interfaces) are provided, highlighting the potential for constructing MOF membranes on superhydrophobic and/or superhydrophilic substrates. Then, a multi‐scale structure design strategies is proposed, including multi‐dimensional membrane design and heterogeneous membrane design, to improve sensing performance through enhanced interfacial mass transfer and specific gas sieving. This strategy is anticipated to augment the task‐specific capabilities of MOF‐based materials in complex environments. Finally, several key future research directions are outlined with the aim not only to further investigate the underlying sensing principles of MOF membranes but also to achieve efficient detection of target gases amidst interfering gases and elevated moisture levels.
Axial compression performance of slurry‐wrapping recycled aggregate concrete‐filled steel tube short columns under freeze–thaw cycles
Authors: Wang Jinhao , Li Zhudan , Cai Jianguo , Jin Baohong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe inherent limitations of recycled aggregates restrict the application of recycled concrete in cold regions. In this paper, both steel tube confinement and slurry‐wrapping treatment were employed to improve the frost resistance of recycled concrete. The influence of different aggregate types and number of freeze–thaw cycles on the freeze–thaw effect was investigated experimentally. The results show that with the increase of freeze–thaw cycles, the axial strength of concrete‐filled steel tube (CFST) short columns decreases regardless of aggregate type. The frost resistance of slurry‐wrapping recycled aggregate concrete‐filled steel tube short columns is superior to that of recycled aggregate concrete‐filled steel tube (RACFST) short columns due to slurry‐wrapping treatment; however, they are still not as good as natural aggregate concrete‐filled steel tube short columns. The initial stiffness diminishes as the number of freeze–thaw cycles increases. As the number of freeze–thaw cycles increases, the effect of aggregate type on the ductility of CFST short columns decreases. Based on the test results, a modified formula applicable to the strength of recycled concrete is proposed and combined with Eurocode EC4 to predict the ultimate compressive strength of RACFST short columns under freeze–thaw cycles.
Poly(ionic liquid) functionalization: A general strategy for strong, tough, ionic conductive, and multifunctional polysaccharide hydrogels toward sensors
Authors: Yao Xue , Zhang Sufeng , Wei Ning , Qian Liwei , Ding Hao , Liu Jingtao , Song Wenqi , Coseri Sergiu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIonic conductive hydrogels (ICHs) prepared from natural bioresources are promising candidates for constructing flexible electronics for both commercialization and environmental sustainability due to their intrinsic characteristics. However, simultaneous realization of high stiffness, toughness, conductivity, and multifunctionality while ensuring processing simplicity is extremely challenging. Here, a poly(ionic liquid) (PIL)‐macromolecule functionalization strategy within a NaOH/urea system is proposed to construct high‐performance and versatile polysaccharide‐based ICHs (e.g., cellulosic ICHs). In this strategy, the elaborately designed “soft” (PIL chains) and “hard” (cellulose backbone) structures as well as the dynamic covalent and noncovalent bonds of the cross‐linked networks endow the hydrogel with high mechanical strength (9.46 ± 0.23 MPa compressive modulus), exceptional stretchability (214.3%), and toughness (3.64 ± 0.12 MJ m−3). Ingeniously, due to the inherent conductivity, design flexibility, and functional compatibility of the PILs, the hydrogels exhibit high conductivity (6.54 ± 0.17 mS cm−1), self‐healing ability (94.5% ± 2.0% efficiency), antibacterial properties, freezing resistance, water retention, and recyclability. Interestingly, this strategy is extended to fabricate diverse hydrogels from various polysaccharides, including agar, alginate, hyaluronic acid, and guar gum. In addition, multimodal sensing (strain, temperature, and humidity) is realized based on the stimulus‐responsive characteristics of the hydrogels. This strategy opens new perspectives for the design of biomass‐based hydrogels and beyond.
Adaptation and Peace: Extending the Agenda for Capacity‐Building in Climate and Conflict‐Affected Communities
Authors: Bedoya Taborda Luisa Fernanda , Barnes Michele L. , Morrison Tiffany H. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTClimate change impacts on the social–ecological conditions that communities depend on may increase the vulnerabilities to new conflicts. Yet, the communities that will be most impacted by climate change, as noted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), are already conflict‐affected communities. Here, we present the results of a systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies (n = 212) in Spanish and English on the climate–conflict relationship. We found that most studies are focused on a direct relationship between climate change and violent conflict, and there has been less attention on a contextual or indirect relationship in already conflict‐affected communities. Studies on this contextual or indirect relationship suggest a climate change–conflict cycle that is negatively reinforcing, whereby violent conflict increases climate change vulnerability and feedback from climate change increases violent conflict vulnerability. While limited in number, such studies provide important insights enabling further conceptual development and empirical examination of how climate impacts interact with violent conflict, and how governance efforts can simultaneously support peacebuilding and climate change adaptation. Drawing this work together with the latest frameworks in conflict studies and adaptation, we sketch out a promising synthetic agenda, focusing on how to design policies and projects that build synergistic capacities and address cumulative and interactive impacts of climate change and violent conflict. Without such insight, efforts to treat climate and conflict in parallel may be ineffective or even counterproductive, worsening violent conflict and, in turn, further reducing the capacities of communities to build peace and resilience.
Pentoxifylline in COVID-19 and considerations for its research in long COVID
Authors: Ramzi Ahmed , Maya Subhia , Balousha Nadeen , Amin Mufreh , Shiha Mostafa Ramzi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Pentoxifylline (PTX) affects most blood components and the blood vessels, potentially modulating various conditions. Due to its impact on markers linked to COVID-19 severity, research has explored PTX for acute COVID-19. Following the widespread administration of COVID-19 vaccinations, there has been a notable and consistently growing increase in research focusing on long COVID. Consequently, our examination of relevant acute COVID-19 data shall additionally be contextualized into long COVID research.

Methods
Various Databases were searched until July 2024 for all primary clinical studies on Pentoxifylline (PTX) in COVID-19.

Results
Studies were on acute infection with SARS-CoV-2 where PTX was an adjuvant to standard therapy for ethical and practical reasons under the circumstance. PTX generally reduced hospitalization duration and improved some inflammatory markers, but its impact on mortality was inconsistent. Adverse events were minimal. Meta-analysis revealed a significant reduction in hospitalization duration.

Conclusion
This systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that adding pentoxifylline (PTX) to standard COVID-19 therapy may significantly reduce hospitalization duration and improve some inflammatory markers. However, its impact on mortality rates is inconclusive. Adverse events are minimal. PTX can be favorable as an add-on in managing acute COVID-19 and could reduce the risk of long COVID, as well as assist in managing many of its most common symptoms.
Mid-holocene changes in the global ITCZ: meridional structure and land–sea rainfall differences
Authors: Bian Jianpu , Räisänen Jouni 
Published: October 2024

AbstractChanges in the global and annual Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) during the mid-Holocene are quantified in this study, using simulations from the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project Phase 4. We find an ensemble mean northward migration of ITCZ position by 0.2$$^\circ $$

∘

, 0.3$$^\circ $$

∘

, and 0.8$$^\circ $$

∘

using three different metrics, which is consistent with proxy evidence of a slight (within one degree) northward shift during the mid-Holocene. The width of the ITCZ exhibits no changes during this period, while the strength has a minor weakening by 0.9% and 0.6% based on precipitation and streamfunction metrics, respectively. Moreover, there is an ensemble mean increase in northern-to-southern hemisphere precipitation (4.6%) and $$\omega $$
ω
ratio indices (12%) during the mid-Holocene, suggesting a more uneven and right-skewed meridional structure of the ITCZ with a greater asymmetry. Additionally, the moisture budget analysis indicates the eddy flux term and dynamic term primarily enhance the inter-hemispheric asymmetry of precipitation and poleward migration of both the northern and the southern rain belts within the ITCZ. Further investigation reveals that the northward migration of annual rainfall within the ITCZ predominantly occurs over terrestrial regions, which therefore dominate the change towards more asymmetric structure of the zonally averaged ITCZ. Moisture budgets for land and ocean separately indicate that the land-sea difference in the annual rainfall changes is primarily due to different changes in evaporation.
Eco-Friendly Analytical Approach for Sensitive Spectrofluorimetric Determination of the Flavonoid Chrysin in Capsules and Human Plasma
Authors: El-Aziz Heba Abd , Hammouda Nada E. , Belal Fathallah , Elama Heba Samir 
Published: October 2024

AbstractChrysin is a plant flavonoid that has different therapeutic effects as anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, and immune booster. Spectrofluorimetry has received a lot of interest lately because of its ecological greenness and analytical performance. This approach employed the native fluorescence of chrysin at 339 nm following excitation at 231 nm in distilled water. Modern advances in analytical chemistry have been used to lessen occupational and environmental concerns by employing distilled water as a dilution solvent through method development and application. The approach was found to be excellent green supported by eco-scale score of 97 and 0.94 AGREE rating, in addition to an overall whiteness score of 88.80. The design aimed to analyze chrysin in raw materials, Chrysin® capsules and human plasma. The method was linear over 0.5–7.0 ng mL⁻1 chrysin, with LOD of 0.06 ng mL⁻1 and LOQ of 0.20 ng mL⁻1. The offered method was effectively applied for determination of chrysin in the commercial capsules Chrysin® and spiked human plasma samples with average recoveries of 99.76% and 99.98%, respectively for capsules and spiked human plasma. Up to date, no spectrofluorimetric method has been described for chrysin analysis, then, this presented an opportunity to develop a sensitive, quick, reliable, environmentally friendly, and valid fluorescence-based method.