bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age macular degeneration: clinical, biological, morphologic, structural biomarkers for atrophy complication
Authors: Gonzalez C. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo determine clinical, biological, morphologic, structural elements as biomarkers for AMD Atrophy complicationMethodsAMD:64 AMD patients with Atrophy complication, mostly atrophic areas. Ophthalmologic exam included ETDRS visual acuity, complete ophthalmic examination, Fundus examination, Multimodal imaging:autofluorescence imaging (FAF), (Region Finder Software),optical coherence tomography (Spectralis HRA‐OCT),OCTen face, Morphology‐Structural software (M‐S).Cognitive evaluation is done for all of them with MMSE:Mini Mental State Examination (Folstein, GRECO),score allow to determine various groups, subgroups. Lipidomic Study:Blood tests and analysis, all lipids qualitative, quantitative analysis, all the same for 10 of those 64 patients. Blood test is done during ophthalmologic exam. Plasma congelation ‘snap frost’ after total blood centrifugation, then liquid‐liquid extraction for lipids analysis:neutral lipid, fatty acid, phospholipids, as sphingolipids, Polyinsatured fatty acids tooResultsMMSE:77% MCI cases (most moderate MCI (30.6%)),quite equal repartition in each score value, MCI subgroup (mild, moderate, intense, severe),quite same impairment in each MCI subgroup. Lipidomics:low levels for each and most of lipids, higher for Sphingosins (highest level),sphingosine1‐Phosphate, total neutral lipids, phospholipids total and PC (lowest levels).Results are effective, statistically significative. Multimodal imaging, M‐S:more and predominant drusenoids deposits Lipid type, ‘L’, presents, individualized, underlined. So, those results, parameters become and are Biomarkers for AMD Atrophy complication, allow better AMD follow‐up and etiopathogeny understandingConclusionsEach clinical, biological, multimodal entity, all, together or not, are Biomarkers, allow AMD screening, follow‐up, particularly AMD Atrophy complication. They also lead to better etiopathogeny understanding and therapeutics prospects.
The digital slide scanner applied to the ocular anatomopathology
Authors: Kaspi M. , Grivet D. , Forest F. , Douchet C. , Dumollard J.M. , Peoc'h M. , Thuret G. , Gain P. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeThe photographed histological slides give a fixed picture of the histopathologic lesion. The slide cannot be generally photographed in its entirety, several contiguous photographs are often necessary to reconstitute the image, all the more in the strong magnification. The digitalization of slides allows the user to move virtually and to change amplification on the entire slide.MethodsThe digitalization is made by a scanner and the software reproduces the features of a microscope such as the movements in the horizontal plan and the various magnification. To better understand, we can make a parallelism with the applications often used in the common life. Google map © makes the mapping of the zone of interest; and Google Earth © allows the user to evolve virtually inside this map.ResultsThe collaboration between the departments of ophthalmology and anatomopathology of SAINT ETIENNE HOSPITAL allowed to create a digital database illustrating the ophthalmologic pathologies documented by the clinical photographs and the corresponding anatomopathology.ConclusionsThe digital slide scanner performs in the time of telemedicine by offering the possibility to the pathologists and to the clinicians of the same medical facility or different facilities to share more easily. This equipment represents an innovative and didactic educational tool for the learning of the ocular anatomopathology. The problem of the storage of slides finds also an interesting issue there.
Spontaneous anatomical improvement on OCT findings in patients with neovascular age‐related macular degeneration without anti‐VEGF treatment
Authors: Kim K.H. , Yang S.J. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo present some patients with wet AMD can be improved spontaneously on OCT findings without anti‐VEGF treatment.MethodsWe reviewed the medical records of wet AMD patients visiting Gangneung Asan Hospital from December 2013 to May 2015. There were group of patients who refused to receive anti‐VEGF treatment due to various reasons, even though there were remaining subretinal fluid and/or pigment epithelial detachment on OCT. Among those patients, we investigated spontaneous anatomical improvement cases without anti‐VEGF injection.ResultsThere were nine cases showing spontaneous anatomical improvement on OCT findings. Average age was 70.0 ± 9.4, male was seven, and female was two. Number of anti‐VEGF injection was 4.4 ± 1.7, and injection‐free interval was 12 ± 5.7 months before showing spontaneous anatomical improvement on OCT. Seven cases showed resolution of subretinal fluid, and two cases showed decrease of pigment epithelial detachment size. Initial visual acuity was 0.64 ± 0.36 in LogMAR scale, and final visual acuity improved to 0.40 ± 0.28 in LogMAR scale. Six patients were treated with bevacizumab, two patients received aflibercept, and one patient was injected with ranibizumab. Total follow up periods was 21.0 ± 5.3 months. During the periods, three cases worsened and re‐treatment was performed with anti‐VEGF agents. Six patients have not shown recurrence for more than 6 months. Those nine patients showed relatively small number of anti‐VEGF injection and improvement of visual acuity.ConclusionsThese findings might imply that some patients showing small amount of remaining SRF and/or PED might not need frequent anti‐VEGF injection, especially in patients showing good response to anti‐VEGF therapy with relatively good initial visual acuity. And closed follow up will be essential and needed for those patients.
Integrated visual field and relative risk for quality of life loss
Authors: Munoz M. , Pujol O. , Mora C. , Pastor L. , Gudiña S. , Maull R. , Vega Z. , Morilla A. , Anton A. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo assess cut‐point values of the integrated visual field (IVF), and their relative risk, associated with a higher risk for quality of life (QoL) loss.Methods489 subjects were included. 51healthy and 438 glaucoma patients. IVF was calculated from monocular visual field, best location method. IVF score (IVFS) was calculated (Crabb). IVF was divided into six zones. All subjects completed three different questionnaires. Global quality of life was evaluated with EuroQol‐5D (EQ‐5D). Vision related quality of life was assessed with Visual Function Questionnaire (VFQ‐25) and with ocular surface disease Index (OSDI). ROC curves were built and cut‐point for best sensitivity and specificity values were calculated. Relative risk for suffering bad QoL was also assessed for each dimension with a ROC area >0.6.ResultsIVFS ≥ 3 was associated with a worse QoL related to general vision with a relative risk (RR) of 3.19. IVFS ≥ 5.5 was associated with a worse QoL related to color vision and mental health with a RR of 2.79 and 1.91, respectively. IVFS ≥ 6.5 was related to worse QoL related to dependency with a RR of 2.40. IVFS ≥ 9.5 was associated with a worse QoL related to ocular surface disease with a RR of 2.86. IVFS ≥ 10.5, 12.4 and 14.5 were associated with a worse QoL related to general vision, distance activities and peripheral vision, respectively, with a RR of 3.19, 3.30 and 2.86, respectively. All these RR had p < 0.05. IVF was divided into six zones, and OSDI and the same dimensions of VFQ‐25 presented the ROC areas > 0.6. Risk for loss in QoL was related to a mininum decrease in IVF in central zones and required greater loss in the peripheral zones.ConclusionsHigher values of IVFS and small deficits in central IVF are associated to two or three folds risk of having loss of QoL in glaucoma patients.
Light‐induced oxidative stress production in the rod outer segments
Authors: Panfoli I. , Calzia D. , Heinig N. , Schumann U. , Degan P. , Traverso C.E. , Funk R.H.W. , Roehlecke C. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeOxidative stress is involved in retinal diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, age‐related macular degeneration and retinal damage by light, characterized by Reactive Oxygen Intermediates (ROI) production. Rod Outer Segments (OS), display a mitochondria‐like activity, producing ATP and consuming oxygen through the expression of the electron transfer chain (ETC) complexes I–IV and F1Fo‐ATP synthase. As the ETC is a major source of ROI generation, here we investigated the ultimate ROI source in the OS after blue light (BL) or ambient light irradiation.MethodsSamples were: purified bovine OS and organotypic model of photoreceptors (from C57BL/6 mice) irradiated with BL (peak, 405 nm). Histochemical assays were conducted on unfixed eye culture sections. To test ROI, 5‐(and‐6)‐chloromethyl‐2′,7′‐dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate was used both for cyofluorimentric assay in purified OS and for live staining of retinas explanted from eye cultures. Oxidative metabolism was investigated by ATP synthesis and oximetry in purified OS. Malondialdehyd (MDA) concentration in OS homogenates was evaluated.ResultsUnder BL stress, ROI and MDA production increased while O2 consumption and ATP synthesis were impaired in OS after 6 h BL treatment. Impairment of respiratory Complexes I and II after BL exposure, both in the OS and IS was found. In ambient light, purifed OS, even in the absence of respiring substrates, produced a consistent amount of ROI, while in the dark, OS ATP synthesis is negligible.ConclusionsLikely, severe malfunctioning of OS aerobic respiratory capacity after BL treatment is secondary to a self‐induced damage after initial over‐functioning of both phototransduction and respiratory chain, with ROI production. Correlation among ROI production and phototransduction activity as well as possible antioxidant supplementation are discussed.
Orbital cellulitis in a child with sickle cell anemia
Authors: Martinez M. , Pérez D. , Ramiro P. , Remón L. , Bartolomé I. , Berniolles J. , Ascaso J. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeOrbital cellulitis and preseptal cellulitis are the major infections of the ocular adnexal and orbital tissues. Orbital cellulitis is an infection of the soft tissues of the orbit, posterior to the orbital septum.The purpose of this text is to point out sickle‐cell disease as an important risk factor in a 2‐year‐old boy with sinusitis.MethodsWe evaluated a 2‐year‐old boy with sickle‐cell disease and sinusitis treated with oral amoxicillin (80 mg/kg/day). He presented a remarkable proptosis, intense ophthalmoplegia and conjunctival chemosis, with a temperature of 39°C and leukocytosis with left shift. We treated him with clindamycin 30 mg/kg, cefotaxime 200 mg/kg and prednisolone IV.ResultsAxial image CT scan demonstrated sinusitis of the left ethmoid sinus. Furthermore, there was a left sided subperiosteal abscess between the medial wall of the left orbit and the left medial rectus muscle. Due to the bad evolution and the CT scan image, the sinus was drainage in a surgical procedure under general anesthesia. Appropriate patient evolution was achieved without the need for additional therapy.ConclusionsPatients with sickle‐cell anemia show anincreased risk of severe bacterial infections due to loss of functioning spleen tissue. Daily penicillin prophylaxis is the most commonly used treatment during childhood. Orbital cellulitis can result in orbital and intracranial complications. Blindness may occur secondary to elevated intraorbital pressure. This is the reason we must control the patient at least daily and evaluate the antibiogram. Finally, when medical treatment is not working and there is an elevated intraorbital pressure with involvement of the eyeball, the surgery cannot be postponed.
Macular ganglion cell layer abnormalities in Spectral Domain (SD)–OCT outside glaucomatous neuropathy
Authors: Mendes M. , El Chehab H. , Bouteleux V. , Agard E. , Russo A. , Dot C. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeMacular ganglion cell layer (GCL) analysis in OCT spectralis is increasingly used in ophthalmology in the detection and monitoring of chronic glaucoma.MethodsAn analysis of GCL in SD‐OCT (Spectralis®) is reported in 7 patients with no chronic glaucoma: 3 patients with maculopathy and 4 patients with neurological pathology.Maculopathies were as follows: atrophic age related macular degeneration, occluded central venous branch of the retina, epiretinal membrane surgery.The neurological pathologies include: multiple sclerosis, stroke complicated hemianopsia lateral homonymous, macro‐ pituitary adenoma complicated bitemporal hemianopia and acute anterior ischemic optic neuropathy.A thickness map in microns correlated to a color scale is confronted with the multimodal imagery and visual field.ResultsAll patients have localized or diffuse thinning GCL. Structural damage correlated to the functional damage in neurological pathologies. Maculopathies are also involved in GCL damage and should not be confused with an original glaucomatous damage.ConclusionsGCL abnormalities are not specifics for chronic glaucoma, we can find them in maculopathies, central nervous system pathologies and optic neuropathies.
Long‐term visual acuity preservation after proton therapy for peri‐ and parapapillary melanoma patients treated at the Paul Scherrer Institute
Authors: Pica A. , Hrbacek J. , Zografos L. , Schalenbourg A. , Wagner H. , Vallat L. , Walser M. , Schneider R. , Weber D.C. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo assess long‐term visual acuity (VA) preservation in patients with peri‐ and parapillary melanoma after proton therapy (PT).MethodsWe evaluated 24 high‐risk for visual impairment patients with yet preserved long‐term VA treated from March 1987 through December 2004 at the Paul Scherrer Institute.ResultsMedian follow‐up was 11 years (range: 5.2–22.3). Mean patient's age was 51.3 years. Median tumor height was 2.8 mm (range: 1.8–5.2) and largest basal diameter, 11.4 mm (range: 6–17.9). In 9 patients (37.5%) the tumors abutted the optic disk, while 15 patients (62.5%) presented with tumors at a median distance of 1 mm (range: 0.1–2.4) and 2 mm (range: 0.1–5.7) from the optic disk and macula, respectively. Median baseline VA was 1.0 (range: 0.4–1.5). Between the second and eight year after PT, slight variations of median VA were observed, which however remained stable at 0.9 (range: 0.5–1.25). Thereafter, VA decreased under 0.6 in 7 (29%) patients. Seven patients (29%) developed papillopathy (median at 3 years after PT), with one of them losing useful VA (0.01), 22 years following PT. Macular area receiving ≥ 30 CGE was an unfavorable prognostic factor for preserving long‐term useful VA.ConclusionsPreservation of visual function in some of these cases could be consequential to reduced radiation exposure to the macula and optic nerve behind the disk. We speculate on a possible role of the posterior ciliary artery (PCA) and their capillary anastomoses, protecting the papillo‐macular area from ischemia.
New drainage construction in the surgical treatment of glaucoma
Authors: Suleiman E. , Kiseleva O. , Zhuravleva A. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeIn the world by far the most effective way to prevent scarring ways outflow of intraocular fluid (IOF) is the use of drains in the area of surgery. The urgency of developing a stable drainage design, providing a stable outflow of IOF and allows them to be a prolongation of the hypotensive effect.MethodsThe operation was performed in 23 patients (23 eyes) with primary open angle advanced and far‐advanced glaucoma aged 50–70 years, having one or more of a history of glaucoma operations. As an implant material used polyglycolide thread (PGA, Russia, 8–0, thread length 45 cm, diameter – 0.2), which is a synthetic absorbable suture composed of filaments of glycolic acid. The total absorption occurs within 60–90 days. Surgical technique. Drainage was made in the operating room by without nodular weaving of the three strands. As a result, drainage acquired cylindrical honeycomb structure and a length of 4 mm and a diameter of 1.5–2 mm. During the operation, they formed the superficial and deep scleral flap.ResultsThe duration of observation – from 3 to 9 months. When observed in the early postoperative period (2 months) to 100% (23 eyes) IOP is within 13–15 mmHg. Art., the achieved level of IOP after 7–9 months. It persisted in 91.3% cases (21 eyes). In two case, was an increase in IOP to 26–27 mmHg. st., which required connection instillation of antihypertensive drugs. The quality of the operation in the early postoperative period and later confirmed by ultrasound biomicroscopy; fixed function active cavity in the area of intervention without excessive proliferation.ConclusionsA variant of the surgical treatment of glaucoma with drainage design their own modifications, provides a prolonged hypotensive effect in patients with glaucoma.
Efficacy and patient tolerability of preservative‐free latanoprost compared with preservative prostaglandin analogs in patients with ocular hypertension or glaucoma
Authors: El Ameen A. , Vandermeer G. , Pisella P.J. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to compare the local tolerability of the preservative‐free (PF) latanoprost with other preservative prostaglandin analogs (PGA) for the treatment of open‐angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.MethodsIn this prospective study, until now 125 eyes of 63 patients treated with a PGA monotherapy were included and for 16 of them treatment was switched for PF latanoprost. Ocular subjectve symptoms were evaluated. Non invasive tear break‐up time (NIK BUT), tear meniscus height (TMH), conjunctival hyperemia in Keratograph 5M® and intraocular pressure (IOP) were measured at baseline and 6 months after commencing treatment with PF latanoprost.ResultsMean conjonctival hyperemia was slightly higher with preservative latanoprost (1.19) and significantly higher with the preservative travoprost (1.34; p = 0.013) and bimatoprost (1.33; p = 0.05) than PF latanoprost (1.06). The two most frequent subjective symptoms (burning upon instillation and conjunctival hyperemia between instillations) were less reported with PF latanoprost than with other preservative PGA. After 6 months of treatment with PF latanoprost, in patients with prior travoprost monotherapy, mean conjonctival hyperemia (1.31 vs. 1.13; p = 0.04) and TMH (0.29 vs. 0.32; p = 0.04) improved significantly. In patients with prior preservative latanoprost monotherapy, TMH improved (0.31 vs. 0.35 p = 0.03). There was no statistical significant difference on IOP at 6 months between PF latanoprost and preservative latanoprost (16.3 ± 3.5 vs. 15.8 ± 3.1 mmHg; p = 0.07) and travoprost (15.8 ± 2.5 vs. 15.5 ± 1.5; p = 0.6).ConclusionsThese preliminary results show that PF latanoprost has better subjective and objective local tolerance than preservative PGA. Switching to PF latanoprost seems to maintain IOP at the same level as preservative PGA but improve ocular surface toxicity.
Unexplained vision loss with intra‐ocular silicone oil tamponade in situ: a case series
Authors: Silvester A. , Cazabon S. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeSilicone oil provides a long‐lasting retinal tamponade which is of particular benefit when attempting to repair complex retinal detachments associated with proliferative retinopathy and giant retinal tears. There have been reports of sudden unexplained visual loss secondary to the use of silicone oil tamponade, often after removal of silicone oil, which is typically severe and permanent. We report a case series of patients who lost vision with silicone oil tamponade in situ.MethodsObservational report and analysis of three cases of unexplained vision loss with silicone oil tamponade in situ for retinal detachment surgery.ResultsThree cases of unexplained vision loss with silicon oil tamponade were analysed. Two were male and the average age was 55 (51–62 years). 2 cases were macular on retinal detachments. 3 months post operatively, visual acuity was 6/9 in two cases and 6/12 in the third case with silicone oil in situ. Silicone oil 2000cs was used in all cases and the primary success rate was 100%. All had normal intra ocular pressure, fundal examination and optical coherence tomography at 3 months. Loss of vision occurred at 5 months post‐surgery with silicone oil in situ in all three cases. Visual acuities dropped to 6/60, 6/36 and 6/36 respectively. Silicone oil was removed in all cases and visual acuities were 6/36, 6/60 and 2/60 at 1 year following silicon oil removal. Electro‐diagnostic tests confirmed reduced macular function in the affected eyes.ConclusionsUnexplained vision loss secondary to silicone oil tamponade is severe and permanent. The etiology is still unknown and further work is required to identify the incidence and potential risk factors for this devastating phenomena. A better understanding of this condition would enable us to manage these cases more appropriately and reduce the likelihood of it occurring.
Blepharospams treated with eyelid suspension: long terme follow up and outcomes
Authors: Lathiere T. , Robert P.Y. , Adenis J.P. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeBlepharospasm is defined as a located form of dystonia which is best medically treated with botulinum toxin injections.MethodsOur study concerned patients suffering from blepharospasm and operated of eyelid suspension because of botulinum toxin insufficiency, and their follow up over many years.ResultsThe mean time between blepharospasm diagnostic and surgery was 43.8 months. 76% of patients needed new toxin injections after a mean time of 3.5 months after surgery. A new surgery was performed because of late overcorrection for 28% of patients, with a mean time between the two surgeries of 64 months.Compared with previous studies, our patients population was similar, the patient rate retreated with toxin was high but lower than the 100% generally described. The long terme re‐operation rate was high in our study. This over‐correction could be linked to a blepharospam decreasing intensity after a many years evolution.ConclusionsMost patients operated of eyelid suspension for blepharospasm need new botulinum toxin injections but some can be over‐corrected in case of pathology relief after many years of progression.
OPA1 analysis in an international series of probands with bilateral optic atrophy
Authors: Liskova P. , Tesarova M. , Dudakova L. , Stepanka S. , Kolarova H. , Honzik T. , Seto S. , Votruba M. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo determine the molecular genetic cause in previously unreported probands with optic atrophy from the United Kingdom, Czech Republic and Canada.MethodsOPA1 coding regions and flanking intronic sequences were screened by direct sequencing in 44 probands referred with a diagnosis of bilateral optic atrophy. Detected rare variants were assessed for pathogenicity by in silico analysis. Segregation of the identified variants was performed in available first degree relatives.ResultsA total of 29 heterozygous mutations evaluated as pathogenic were identified in 42 probands, of these 7 were novel. In two probands only variants of unknown significance were found. 76% of pathogenic mutations observed in 30 (71%) out of 42 probands were evaluated to lead to unstable transcripts resulting in haploinsufficiency. Three probands with the following disease‐causing mutations c.1230 + 1G>A,c.1367G>A and c.2965dup were documented to suffer from hearing loss and/or neurological impairment.ConclusionsOPA1 gene screening in patients with bilateral optic atrophy is an important part of clinical evaluation as it may establish correct clinical diagnosis. Our study expands the spectrum of OPA1 mutations causing dominant optic atrophy and supports the fact that haploinsufficiency is the most common disease mechanism.