bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Timing orthodontic treatment: early or late?
Authors: Fleming PS 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe timing of orthodontic interventions has been a contentious topic for many years with early treatment to address or indeed to prevent skeletal discrepancies in all three spatial planes and to alleviate crowding in common practice. In terms of effectiveness, however, broadly speaking early intervention has not been shown to be superior to later intervention. As such, in view of the additional burden and duration of early intervention, the weight of evidence points to reserving early treatment for localized problems and specific situations with definitive treatment typically initiated in the late mixed or early permanent dentition.
Different genetic alteration of A20 in a Sézary syndrome case with Vα2‐Jα22 T cell clone
Authors: Zhou Lingling , Zheng Haitao , Huang Xin , Zhu Lihua , Wu Suijing , Zeng Chengwu , Yang Lijian , Chen Shaohua , Luo Gengxin , Du Xin , Li Yangqiu 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe comprehensive genetic alterations underlying the pathogenesis of Sézary syndrome (SS) remains largely unknown. Previous studies showed that alterations of tumor necrosis factor‐α‐induced protein 3 gene (TNFAIP3; A20) are frequent in SS. In this study, we characterized the mutation and polymorphisms of A20 in a case with SS and compared with the genetic feature of A20 in T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL).MethodsUsing a novel approach based on the combination of fine‐tiling array comparative genomic hybridization ( and ligation‐mediated polymerase chain reaction (LM‐PCR) to identify SS clone, the polymorphisms in the A20 gene (promoter, exons 2–9 [coding region] and 3′UTR) were detected by PCR and sequencing.ResultsThe malignant SS clone was identified as TCR Vα2‐Jα22 rearrangement without deletion at the A20 loci (6q23‐27 region) in the SS case. Six polymorphisms were identified, all of them are belonging to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are recorded in genebank: rs5029924, rs5029937, rs2230926, rs582757 and rs77191406, while rs2307859 was not identified in the SS sample, which is found in all T‐ALL. The alteration pattern of A20 in this case seemed different from the T‐ALL samples, in contrast, it is similar to the alteration of A20 in samples from rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus with poor clinical outcome and cancer developing.ConclusionsThe genetic alteration of A20 in the SS case was different from the T‐ALL samples and similar to the cases with refractory autoimmune disease and related to tumorigenesis. The findings lead to discuss whether such SNPs of A20 may link the refractory autoimmune inflammation and the tumorigenesis.
End‐of‐life care: Where do cancer patients want to die? A systematic review
Authors: Nilsson Jonas , Blomberg Carl , Holgersson Georg , Carlsson Tobias , Bergqvist Michael , Bergström Stefan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe importance to die at preferred death place is substantial among terminally ill cancer patients. Previously, several studies have investigated this issue, but no systematic review has been made for many years. This systematic review was made in order to investigate preferred death place among cancer patients. A systematic search was made in PubMed library and a total of 399 articles were found, of which 23 were eligible and included in the review. Preference of home death averaged by 59.9% (39.7–100%) across all studies. Information about actual death place was only reported in 12 studies with an average of 40.4% (14–65.2%); thus, the incongruence between preferred and actual death place seems to be substantial. This highlights the importance of health care providers to discuss the issue with the patients and their families. However, study designs must improve and publications of socioeconomic data should be unified to ease interpretation in future studies.
Using the Nippita classification system for women undergoing induction of labour in a large metropolitan maternity service: Bringing simplicity and certainty to an important quality improvement process
Authors: Biro Mary A. , East Christine E. 
Published: March 2017

In 2015 Nippita and colleagues developed a novel system to classify women undergoing induction of labour (IOL), which sought to overcome the problems of indication‐based classification. We explored the utility and feasibility of this new system at Monash Health in Melbourne. We found overall induction rates of 24.7% compared with the New South Wales rates of 25.4% reported by Nippita et al. The classification system was easy to apply because it uses routinely and accurately collected data. There was no misinterpretation of the classification groups. The system provides a robust means for auditing IOLs and reviewing their appropriateness.
Randomized trial of laparoscopic cholecystectomy procedure‐specific consent form
Authors: Crozier Jack , Williams Ann , Chan Steven T. F. , Thompson Graeme 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundPrior to all surgical procedures, possible risks are outlined to patients during an informed consent discussion, and they are invited to ask questions. Written consent records this discussion and signals a patient's willingness to proceed with surgery. This study aims to improve the documentation of complications discussed during laparoscopic cholecystectomy consent through the introduction of a procedure‐specific consent form.MethodsPhase 1 included a retrospective analysis of possible complications documented on standard consent forms for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Phase 2 was a prospective randomized comparison of existing standard consent forms versus procedure‐specific consent forms measuring the documentation of significant complications as identified from the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons brochure for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. These include bile duct injury, bile leak, bleeding, infection, conversion and damage to other organs. The proportion of participants in each cohort with the documentation of specific complications was assessed using the two‐sample test of differences in proportions.ResultsPhase 1 of the study found that the possible risk of bleeding was documented in 82.1% of cases, while damage to other organs was only documented in 7.7%. Phase 2 of the study showed significant improvements in the documentation of specific complications for both standard and procedure‐specific consent cohorts; 76.5% of participants in the procedure‐specific consent cohort had all complications documented, while no participants in the phase 1 cohort had all complications documented.ConclusionIntroduction of a procedure‐specific consent form for laparoscopic cholecystectomy has improved the documentation of a standard set of complications.
Enlarged posterior fossa on prenatal imaging: differential diagnosis, associated anomalies and postnatal outcome
Authors: Wüest Anja , Surbek Daniel , Wiest Roland , Weisstanner Christian , Bonel Harald , Steinlin Maja , Raio Luigi , Tutschek Boris 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe primary aim of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of the individual conditions and of associated anomalies in fetuses with the prenatal diagnosis of enlarged posterior fossa (PF) and to explore the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in these anomalies. The secondary aim was to evaluate the postnatal outcome of children affected by PF anomalies.Material and methodsAll fetuses with enlarged PF detected by prenatal sonography at a referral center from 2001 to 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. Some were also studied by fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or volume ultrasound examinations. Fetal sonographic and MRI were compared using following classification: Dandy–Walker malformation (DWM); megacisterna magna (MCM); Blake's pouch cyst; isolated vermian hypoplasia; vermian agenesis; PF arachnoid cyst (AC); and cerebellar hypoplasia (CH).ResultsThe ultrasound diagnoses of the 69 fetuses were as follows: MCM (n = 29; of these isolated n = 15), DWM (n = 28, isolated n = 4), vermian hypoplasia (n = 5, isolated n = 4), Blake's pouch cyst (n = 4, isolated n = 1), CH (n = 2; none isolated) and AC in the PF (n = 1, isolated). Thirteen of the 41 karyotyped fetuses were aneuploid, including seven with DWM. Associated malformations were found in 37/69 cases. There were 39 live births, including 11 with confirmed DWM, six of whom show a normal development. Twelve infants with isolated MCM show normal development. There were eight false‐positive prenatal diagnoses (or resolution until birth) of “enlarged PF”: three with Blake's pouch cyst, two with MCM and one with vermian hypoplasia.ConclusionsAn enlarged PF requires specific diagnoses for the best possible counseling. The term “Dandy–Walker variant” should not be used anymore. Isolated MCM and Blake's pouch cyst can either resolve or be normal variants, but may also indicate the presence of a more severe anomaly or associated malformations.
Histology of mental and caudal courtship glands in three genera of plethodontid salamanders (Amphibia: Plethodontidae)
Authors: Rupp Ariana E. , Sever David M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSalamanders in the family Plethodontidae exhibit a unique tail‐straddle walk during courtship that can include the use of sexually dimorphic mental and caudal courtship glands. This study presents novel histological and fine structure data on mental glands and caudal courtship glands in Plethodon mississippi, Desmognathus conanti and Eurycea quadridigitata using both light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. This study represents the first use of scanning electron microscopy to observe these glands. Both mental and caudal courtship glands were observed to vary seasonally in gland diameter and histology according to the breeding season of each species. Morphological variation was observed across the three species studied in both clustering and relative size of the glands compared to neighbouring mucous and granular glands. Hypertrophied mental glands are larger than mucous or granular glands in all species, but relationships among caudal courtship glands and other skin glands vary among species. In E. quadridigitata, active caudal courtship glands are larger than mucous and granular glands, but in D. conanti, caudal courtship glands are similar in size to granular glands and larger than mucous glands. In P. mississippi, caudal courtship glands are scattered among significantly larger granular glands and are similar in size to mucous glands.
Anti‐leukaemic activity of the TYK2 selective inhibitor NDI‐031301 in T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Akahane Koshi , Li Zhaodong , Etchin Julia , Berezovskaya Alla , Gjini Evisa , Masse Craig E. , Miao Wenyan , Rocnik Jennifer , Kapeller Rosana , Greenwood Jeremy R. , Tiv Hong , Sanda Takaomi , Weinstock David M. , Look A. Thomas 
Published: March 2017

SummaryActivation of tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) contributes to the aberrant survival of T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T‐ALL) cells. Here we demonstrate the anti‐leukaemic activity of a novel TYK2 inhibitor, NDI‐031301. NDI‐031301 is a potent and selective inhibitor of TYK2 that induced robust growth inhibition of human T‐ALL cell lines. NDI‐031301 treatment of human T‐ALL cell lines resulted in induction of apoptosis that was not observed with the JAK inhibitors tofacitinib and baricitinib. Further investigation revealed that NDI‐031301 treatment uniquely leads to activation of three mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs), resulting in phosphorylation of ERK, SAPK/JNK and p38 MAPK coincident with PARP cleavage. Activation of p38 MAPK occurred within 1 h of NDI‐031301 treatment and was responsible for NDI‐031301‐induced T‐ALL cell death, as pharmacological inhibition of p38 MAPK partially rescued apoptosis induced by TYK2 inhibitor. Finally, daily oral administration of NDI‐031301 at 100 mg/kg bid to immunodeficient mice engrafted with KOPT‐K1 T‐ALL cells was well tolerated, and led to decreased tumour burden and a significant survival benefit. These results support selective inhibition of TYK2 as a promising potential therapeutic strategy for T‐ALL.
Long‐term follow‐up of patients receiving allogeneic stem cell transplant for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: mixed T‐cell chimerism is associated with high relapse risk and inferior survival
Authors: Thompson Philip A. , Stingo Francesco , Keating Michael J. , Wierda William G. , O'Brien Susan M. , Estrov Zeev , Ledesma Celina , Rezvani Katayoun , Qazilbash Muzaffar , Shah Nina , Parmar Simrit , Popat Uday , Anderlini Paolo , Yago Nieto , Ciurea Stefan O. , Kebriaei Partow , Champlin Richard , Shpall Elizabeth J. , Hosing Chitra M. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThere is limited information regarding the immunological predictors of post‐allogeneic stem cell transplant (alloSCT) outcome in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), such as mixed T‐cell chimerism. We analysed 143 consecutive patients with relapsed/refractory CLL, transplanted between 2000 and 2012, to determine the prognostic relevance of mixed chimerism post‐alloSCT and the ability of post‐transplant immunomodulation to treat relapse. Mixed T‐cell chimerism occurred in 50% of patients at 3 months and 43% at 6 months post‐alloSCT; upon 3‐ and 6‐month landmark analysis, this was associated with inferior progression‐free survival (PFS) [Hazard ratio (HR) 1·93, P = 0·003 and HR 2·58, P < 0·001] and survival (HR 1·66, P = 0·05 and HR 2·17, P < 0·001), independent of baseline patient characteristics, and a lower rate of grade II–IV acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GHVD) (16% vs. 52%, P < 0·001). Thirty‐three patients were treated with immunomodulation for relapse post‐alloSCT (immunosuppression withdrawal, n = 6, donor lymphocyte infusion, n = 27); 17 achieved complete response (CR), which predicted superior PFS (53 months vs. 10 months, P < 0·001) and survival (117 months vs. 30 months, P = 0·006). Relapsed patients with mixed chimerism had inferior response to immunomodulation; conversion to full donor chimerism was highly correlated both with CR and with the development of severe acute GVHD, which was fatal in 3/8 patients. Novel therapeutic strategies are required for patients with mixed T‐cell chimerism post‐alloSCT for CLL.
Comprehensive assessment of renal tumour complexity in a large percutaneous cryoablation cohort
Authors: Bhindi Bimal , Thompson Robert Houston , Mason Ross J. , Haddad Mustafa M. , Geske Jennifer R. , Kurup Anil Nicholas , Hannon James D. , Boorjian Stephen A. , Leibovich Bradley C. , Atwell Thomas D. , Schmit Grant D. 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between renal tumour complexity and outcomes in a large cohort of patients undergoing percutaneous cryoablation (PCA).Patients and MethodsPatients with renal tumours treated with PCA were identified using our prospectively maintained ablation registry (2003–2015). Salvage procedures and inherited tumour syndromes were excluded. The associations between R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score (NS) and risk of complications, renal function impairment, local failure and cancer‐specific mortality (CSM) were evaluated using univariate and multivariable logistic, linear and Cox regression models.ResultsThe cohort included 618 tumours treated during 580 procedures in 565 patients. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) follow‐up was 34 (14.66) months. Complications (any grade) during a procedure (n[total] = 87, 15%) were more frequent with higher NS (NS 4–6: 10%; NS 7–9: 14%; NS 10–12: 36%; P < 0.001). Higher NS was independently associated with risk of complications (odds ratio [OR; per 1 point] = 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2–1.5; P < 0.001). Of all the NS components, tumour size was the most strongly associated with complication risk (OR 3.4; 95% CI 2.2–5.2; P < 0.001). The median (IQR) decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) from baseline was 9% (0, 22) at last follow‐up. Each additional point in NS was associated with a 1.3% (95% CI 0.4–2.1; P = 0.005) greater GFR decline from baseline. NS was not significantly associated with local failure (n [total] = 14, 2%; NS 4–6: 2%; NS 7–9: 3%; NS 10–12: 5%; P = 0.32) or CSM (n [total] = 8, 2%; NS 4–6: 2%; NS 7–9: 3%; NS 10–12: 2%; P = 0.88).ConclusionIn high‐complexity tumours PCA was associated with a tumour size‐driven increased risk of post‐procedural complications. Higher NS was associated with a small, clinically minor additional decline in renal function. Risks for local failure and CSM were low, regardless of tumour complexity.
The interpersonal work of dental conscious sedation: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Woolley Stephen M. , Chadwick Barbara , Pugsley Lesley 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimsWhilst there is a considerable body of literature examining the pharmacology of conscious sedation, the social tasks required to successfully provide conscious sedation have not been reported. This paper discusses data regarding the interpersonal work integral to effective conscious sedation provision, from a larger qualitative study exploring how patients and clinicians engage with secondary care conscious sedation provided within theUK.MethodSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 13 conscious sedation providers and nine patients withinUK‐based secondary care sedation settings. Digital audio‐recordings were transcribed verbatim and subsequently analysed using a constant comparative method withinNVivo Data Analysis Software.ResultsFour main themes of interpersonal work were reported by participants: displaying care, containing emotions, demonstrating competence and maximizing the effect.ConclusionThis study shows that performing conscious sedation requires more than technical delivery, and involves the projection of attributes in a literal “performance.” The importance of managing outward emotional appearance reflects previous dental research. The need to manage outward appearance, and the emotional impact this has, is of relevance to all clinicians.
Immunologic regulatory effects of human umbilical cord blood‐derived mesenchymal stem cells in a murine ovalbumin asthma model
Authors: Kang S.‐Y. , Park D.‐E. , Song W.‐J. , Bae B.‐R. , Lee J.‐W. , Sohn K.‐H. , Lee H.‐S. , Kang H.‐R. , Park H.‐W. , Chang Y.‐S. , Choi S.‐J. , Oh W.‐I. , Min K.‐U. , Cho S.‐H. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryBackgroundMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have multiple immunomodulatory properties and hold therapeutic potential for inflammatory diseases. However, the therapeutic and immunologic effects of human umbilical cord blood‐derived MSCs (huMSCs) remain largely unexamined for asthma.ObjectiveThis study was to investigate the immunomodulatory properties of huMSCs in an ovalbumin (OVA)‐induced murine asthma model.MethodsMice were injected intraperitoneally with OVA and an aluminium hydroxide adjuvant. huMSCs were administered via the tail vein (5×105 cells/100 uL) to female BALB/c mice prior to the initial OVA challenge. The effects of huMSCs were assessed by investigating airway hyperresponsiveness, histological changes, inflammatory cell numbers, serum allergen‐specific antibodies, cytokine production in spleen, lung tissue, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid as well as expansion of regulatory T cells.ResultsAdministration of huMSCs significantly reduced methacholine bronchial hyperresponsiveness and eosinophil counts in BAL cells. Similarly, there was a significant decrease in serum OVA‐specific IgE and IgG1 levels along with Th2 cytokine production (IL‐4, IL‐5, and IL‐13) in the lung and spleen tissues, whereas increased percentage of regulatory T cells was observed after treatment with huMSCs.ConclusionsOur results suggest that huMSC treatment reduces OVA‐induced allergic inflammation, which could be mediated by regulatory T cells.
Allergic disease in 8‐year‐old children is preceded by delayed B cell maturation
Authors: Strömbeck A. , Nordström I. , Andersson K. , Andersson H. , Johansen S. , Maglio C. , Rabe H. , Adlerberth I. , Wold A. E. , Hesselmar B. , Rudin A. , Lundell A‐C. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryBackgroundWe previously reported that exposure to a farming environment is allergy‐protective, while high proportions of neonatal immature/naïve CD5+ B cells and putative regulatory T cells (Tregs) are risk factors for development of allergic disease and sensitization up to 3 years of age.ObjectiveTo examine if B and T cell maturation are associated with allergic disease and farming environment over the first 8 years in life.MethodsIn the prospective FARMFLORA study, including both farming and non‐farming families, 48 of 65 children took part in the 8‐year follow‐up study. Various B and T cell maturation variables were examined in blood samples obtained at several occasions from birth to 8 years of age and related to doctors' diagnosed allergic disease and sensitization, and to farming environment.ResultsWe found that the incidence of allergic disease was lower among farmers' compared to non‐farmers' children during the 8‐year follow‐up period, and that farmers' children had higher proportions of memory B cells at 8 years of age. Moreover, a high proportion of neonatal CD5+ B cells was a risk factor for and may predict development of allergic disease at 8 years of age. A high proportion of Tregs was not protective against development of these conditions.Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceHigh proportions of neonatal naïve B cells remained as a risk factor for allergic disease in school‐aged children. Thus, the accelerated B cell maturation observed among farmers' children may be crucial for the allergy‐protective effect of a farming environment.
Measuring TSH receptor antibody to influence treatment choices in Graves’ disease
Authors: Hesarghatta Shyamasunder Asha , Abraham Prakash 
Published: March 2017

SummaryTSH receptor antibody (TRAb) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Graves’ disease (GD), and its levels correlate with the clinical course. The second‐ and third‐generation TRAb assays have >95% sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of GD and have improved the utility of TRAb to predict relapse. TRAb levels decline with antithyroid drug (ATD) therapy and after thyroidectomy. Its level increases for a year following radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy, with a gradual fall thereafter. TRAb level >12 IU/l at diagnosis of GD is associated with 60% risk of relapse at 2 years and 84% at 4 years. The prediction of risk of relapse improves further to >90% with TRAb >7·5 IU/l at 12 months or >3·85 IU/l at cessation of ATD therapy. TRAb tests are not expensive, and hence, TRAb measurements at presentation, after 12 months and/or 18 months (at cessation) of ATD therapy, could potentially guide treatment choices in GD. Elevated TRAb favours definitive treatment in the form of RAI or thyroidectomy, depending on the presence or absence of moderate‐to‐severe Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) and the ability to comply with radiation protection requirements. Use of ATDs in early pregnancy is associated with increased risk of congenital anomalies; early ablative treatment (RAI/surgery) should be considered in women of childbearing age at higher risk of relapse of GD. TRAb ≥5 IU/l in pregnant women with current or previously treated GD is associated with increased risk of foetal and neonatal thyrotoxicosis, and hence needs close monitoring. TRAb levels parallel the course of GO, and elevated TRAb is an indication for steroid prophylaxis to prevent progression of GO with RAI therapy.