bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proanthocyanidins alleviate Henoch‐Schönlein purpura by mitigating inflammation and oxidative stress through regulation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Li Xiaolong , Wang Meng , Pan Shihong , Xian Li , Zhang Shuyi , Xian Dehai , Zhong Jianqiao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveInvestigate Proanthocyanidins (PCs) efficacy and mechanisms in treating Henoch‐Schönlein purpura (HSP)‐like rat models, focusing on inflammatory and oxidative stress (OS) responses.MethodsAn HSP‐like rat model was established using ovalbumin (OVA) injection, leading to symptoms mimicking HSP. The study measured inflammatory markers (IL‐4, IL‐17, TNF‐α), OS markers (MDA, SOD, CAT), and assessed the TLR4/MyD88/NF‐κB signaling pathway's involvement via histopathological and immunofluorescence analyses.ResultsPCs treatment significantly improved HSP‐like symptoms, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, and decreased IgA deposition in renal mesangial areas. Serum analyses revealed that PCs effectively lowered IL‐4, IL‐17, TNF‐α, and MDA levels while increasing SOD and CAT levels (p < 0.05). Crucially, PCs also downregulated TLR4, MyD88, and NF‐κB expressions, highlighting the blockage of the TLR4‐mediated signaling pathway as a key mechanism.ConclusionPCs show promising therapeutic effects in HSP‐like rats by mitigating inflammatory responses and oxidative damage, primarily through inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF‐κB pathway. These findings suggest PCs as a potential treatment avenue for HSP, warranting further investigation.
Effect of breed, obturator type and surgical experience on tenoscopic portal creation into the digital flexor tendon sheath in horses
Authors: White Jonathan M. , Hibner‐Szaltys Maria , Duz Marco , Withers Jonathan M. , Marcatili Marco 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the influence of breed (cob [CB] and non‐cob [NC]), obturator type and surgical experience on the number of attempts, time taken and iatrogenic damage (ID) created when entering the digital flexor tendon sheath (DFTS) tenoscopically.Study designProspective experimental cadaveric study.AnimalsA total of 104 cadaver limbs.MethodsAn equal number of randomly selected CB and NC limbs were operated using a conical obturator (OB) or a switching stick (SS) by one boarded (BS) and one resident surgeon (RS). Skin measurements, number of attempts and time taken to enter the DFTS were recorded. The DFTS was endoscopically examined and then dissected to record ID and cumulative ID calculated.ResultsMean CB skin thickness (8.4 mm) was nearly twice that of NC limbs (4.5 mm) (p < .001). Mean DFTS entry took longer in CB limbs (133 s) compared to NC limbs (112 s) (p = .02). BS mean entry time in CB limbs was 115 s compared to 46 s in NC limbs (p < .001). Cumulative ID was greater in CB limbs (25 of 52 limbs with ID) compared to NC limbs (14 of 52 limbs with ID) (p = .04). No difference was noted between obturators. Surgical experience reduced attempts and time entering the DFTS.ConclusionSurgeons take longer to enter DFTS in CB limbs and more cumulative ID is created, regardless of obturator type used.Clinical significanceSkin thickness is a major determinant of time taken to enter the DFTS and increases the risk of ID. Awareness of the challenges in CB limbs is important.
A meta‐analysis of person‐centered care interventions for improving health outcomes in persons living with dementia
Authors: Saragih Ita Daryanti , Suarilah Ira , Saragih Ice Septriani , Pu Lihui , Porta Carolyn M. , Saragih Helinida , Lin Yen‐Ko , Lin Chia‐Ju 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundPerson‐centered care emphasizes the importance of valuing and supporting the humanness of a person living with dementia as compared to focusing heavily on disease symptom management and treatment. The state of the evidence and outcomes from person‐centered care is unclear and is an important knowledge gap to address informed evidence‐based care for persons living with dementia.AimsTo synthesize the evidence on the efficacy of person‐centered care in improving health outcomes in people living with dementia.MethodsOur search using the following databases: Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, COCHRANE library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The methodology quality of the included studies was assessed using a revised Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool for randomized trials. Meta‐analyses were performed using the DerSimonian and Laird random effects model to investigate the effectiveness of person‐centered care on improving health outcomes in persons living with dementia.ResultsSeventeen trials were included in this systematic review and meta‐analysis. Person‐centered care implementation was found to improve cognitive function (pooled SMD: 0.22; 9CRD420223808975% CI [0.04, 0.41], p = .02) in persons living with dementia, although outcomes including the impact of the care model on activities of daily living, agitation, depression, and quality of life remain inconclusive.Linking Evidence to ActionPerson‐centered care improves the cognitive function of persons living with dementia, which is clinically meaningful and should not be ignored or overlooked in delivering evidence‐based care to this population. The findings of this study emphasize the importance of person‐centered care implementation among people living with dementia as an approach in improving health outcomes particularly on cognitive function improvement. Person‐centered care emphasizes the personhood of individuals living with dementia while respecting their needs, values, and beliefs and is identified as a preferred model of delivering dementia care in all settings as a non‐pharmacological approach.
Evaluation of the Epidemic Situation of Anthrax in Armenia Over the Last Decade
Authors: Kharatyan Satenik , Sargsyan Khachik , Elbakyan Hasmik , Hakobyan Varduhi , Sargsyan Vazgen , Chobanyan Gayane , Badalyan Manvel , Markosyan Tigran 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionAnthrax is a World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH)‐listed disease that must be reported upon confirmation based on the Terrestrial Animal Health Code. Anthrax poses a serious health issue for unvaccinated livestock, is a threat to humans through interaction with contaminated livestock and animal products and is endemic in many areas throughout the world, including the Transcaucasian Region. Despite several control and eradication efforts that have been implemented by the government of the Republic of Armenia (RA), sporadic cases of anthrax are still reported. We sought to understand the epidemic situation of anthrax in RA during the last 10 years (2012–2023) based on analysis of outbreaks and reported cases in cattle and humans.MethodsWe collected and evaluated officially reported data from human and animal cases, such as time, location, animal species, disease intensity and spread radius. The data and various parameters were mapped using ArcGIS to prepare a viable risk assessment.ResultsBased on the officially available data and reports, there have been 80 human cases and 55 animal cases of anthrax confirmed in RA from 2012 to 2023. We also identified the presence of anthrax spores in soil and environmental samples near animal burial sites in RA in 2015–2017 through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. Upon comparing the human and animal cases by frequency and intensity, the human cases are directly proportional to the animal husbandry practices performed in RA.ConclusionThe detection of the anthrax pathogen at the burial sites highlights the continued threat in these areas. Thus, it is imperative to secure and monitor any areas that have been used for anthrax burial and limit the movement of animals in these areas. In the future, legislation should be updated to prioritise incineration of anthrax‐infected carcasses instead of burial to limit further exposure to animals and humans.
Cyclic‐Schottky strata of Schottky space
Authors: Hidalgo Rubén A. , Izquierdo Milagros 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSchottky space , where is an integer, is a connected complex orbifold of dimension ; it provides a parametrization of the ‐conjugacy classes of Schottky groups of rank . The branch locus , consisting of those conjugacy classes of Schottky groups being a finite index proper normal subgroup of some Kleinian group, is known to be connected. If , then there is a Kleinian group containing as a normal subgroup of index some prime integer . The structural description, in terms of Klein–Maskit Combination Theorems, of such a group is completely determined by a triple , where are integers such that . For each such tuple , there is a corresponding cyclic‐Schottky stratum . It is known that is connected. In this paper, for , we study the connectivity of these .
The effect of seasonal heat acclimatization on cool‐seeking behaviour during passive heat stress in young adults
Authors: Wang Hui , Schlader Zachary J. , Lei Tze‐Huan , Mündel Toby , Amano Tatsuro , Fujii Naoto , Nishiyasu Takeshi , Cotter James , Kondo Narihiko 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSeasonal heat acclimatization is known to enhance autonomic thermoeffector responses, whereas the behavioural response following seasonal heat acclimatization remains unknown. We investigated whether seasonal heat acclimatization would alter autonomic and behavioural thermoregulatory responses. Sixteen healthy participants (eight males and eight females) underwent two trials involving 50 min of lower‐leg passive heating (lower‐leg submersion in 42°C water) with (Fan trial) and without (No fan trial) the voluntary use of a fan in a moderate thermal environment (27°C, 50% relative humidity) across winter and summer months. In Fan trials, participants were allowed to use a fan to maintain thermal comfort, but this was not allowed in the No fan trials. Cool‐seeking behaviour was initiated at a lower change in rectal temperature [mean (SD): 0.21 (0.18)°C vs. 0.11 (0.13)°C, P = 0.0327] and change in mean skin temperature [2.34 (0.56)°C vs. 1.81 (0.32)°C, P < 0.0001], and cooling time was longer [16.46 (5.62) vs. 20.40 (4.87) min, P = 0.0224] in summer compared with winter. However, thermal perception was not modified by season during lower‐leg passive heating (all P > 0.0864). Furthermore, rectal temperature was higher in summer (P = 0.0433), whereas mean body temperature and skin temperature were not different (all P > 0.0631) between the two seasons in Fan trials. In conclusion, seasonal heat acclimatization enhanced the cool‐seeking behaviour from winter to summer.
Unified, Integral Approach to Modeling and Design of High-Pressure Pipelines: Assessment of Various Flow and Temperature Models for Supercritical Fluids
Authors: Wang Guo-Xiang , Prasad Vish 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A unified one-dimensional (1D), steady-state flow and heat transfer model is presented for the pipeline transport of fluids at high pressures, including the supercritical (SC) conditions. The model includes a generalized temperature equation, presented here for the first time, and accounts for all of the important effects, including the property variation, viscous dissipation, Joule-Thomson (J-T) cooling, and heat exchange with the surrounding. With appropriate approximations, this model can yield all isothermal and nonisothermal pipe flow solutions reported thus far. A generalized multizone integral method is developed which solves the two resulting algebraic equations for pressure and temperature in conjunction with a property database, such as the National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) reference fluid thermodynamic and transport properties (REFPROP). With appropriately selected number and size of the zones and using property values at the mean temperature and pressure within each zone, this integral method can accurately predict the complex effects of the governing parameters, such as the pipe diameter and length, inlet and exit pressures, mass flowrate, J-T cooling, and inlet and surrounding temperatures. Its accuracy for small-to-large diameter pipes has been ascertained by a comparison with the numerical solutions of the differential form of governing equations that requires a large number of small grids along the pipe and the values of mean properties within each grid. Indeed, this integral model can be used for the pipeline transport at both subcritical and supercritical pressures as long as the fluid does not encounter its anomalous states and the phase-change.
Resources, Training, and Education Under the Heliostat Consortium: Industry Gap Analysis and Building a Resource Database
Authors: Mitchell Rebecca , Zhou Yu , Grabel Michael , Zhu Guangdong , Sment Jeremy 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Concentrating solar power is not a widely deployed or known technology area, and the heliostat workforce community in the United States is currently small, with knowledge and expertise not widely available. The resource, training, and education (RTE) topic within the Heliostat Consortium (HelioCon) was established to address this. RTE encompasses resources, practices, and programs to ensure that (1) newcomers to the heliostat development community have an adequate knowledge base and training to conduct R&D efforts, (2) outsiders to the field are provided with resources and opportunities to join the workforce, and (3) the workforce community is a productive, healthy, and fulfilling environment for all workers. In the first year of the project, a roadmap study was conducted, in which the major gaps in RTE were identified by consulting experts in the industry, with the top gap being the lack of public accessibility to concentrating solar-thermal power (CSP) knowledge. To address this, the HelioCon team has been developing a centralized web-based resource database, containing a reference library, educational videos, lists of components suppliers and software/metrology tools, a power tower plant database, and information on existing standards/guidelines.
A Nonintrusive Optical Approach to Characterize Heliostats in Utility-Scale Power Tower Plants: Camera Position Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Mitchell Rebecca , Sperber Kyle , Grabel Michael , Zhu Guangdong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Optics plays a major role in the effectiveness of concentrating solar power (CSP) technologies. The nonintrusive optical (NIO) approach developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory uses uncrewed aircraft system (UAS)-based imaging to survey heliostats in a commercial-scale power tower CSP plant and characterize their optical errors. The image processing algorithm uses photogrammetry to calculate the camera position for each image frame, and the accuracy of the estimated optical errors is highly sensitive to the calculated camera position accuracy. In this study, we simulate a series of case studies in python to examine the impact of different parameters of the sensitivity of the camera calculation, including the number of facet corners used as control points for the photogrammetric calculation, precision error in the detected pixel locations of the facet corners in the image, and precision error of the canting and mounting positions of the facets of the heliostat. The case studies consider heliostat geometry based on three commercial designs to serve as representative examples of different possible sizes of heliostats that the NIO method could be applied to. The results show that increasing the number of control points can improve accuracy for heliostats with many facets, pixel precision has a significantly larger impact on camera calculation accuracy than facet canting and mounting errors, and the camera distance and focal length must be chosen to ensure adequate pixel accuracy on the heliostat surface depending on the size of heliostat. Based on the results, recommendations for the allowable values of each parameter are provided to achieve the required NIO optical error estimation accuracy depending on the size of heliostat.
Experimental Investigation of New Electro-Active Polymers-Based Plasma Actuators for Flow Control and Ice Mitigation Applications
Authors: Rodrigues Frederico , Mbanguine Leonardo , Páscoa José 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The current work introduces a new device for effective flow control and ice removal applications based on the combination of a non-thermal plasma discharge with the excitation of an electroactive polymer membrane. This new device designated electroactive polymer (EAP) plasma actuator is particularly interesting for aeronautic and wind power applications since it allows to perform simultaneous flow control and ice removal operations. To prove the concept, in the current work, electroactive polymers-based plasma actuator devices are fabricated and experimentally tested. For the initial tests a “VHB 4910” from 3M was used as dielectric layer and electrically conductive grease was utilized to fabricate the flexible electrodes. Initial tests demonstrate that the electro active polymer selected is able to sustain the levels of voltages needed to generate the plasma discharge. The new EAP device is tested and compared with conventional Kapton plasma actuators with conventional copper tape electrodes and flexible electrodes. The preliminary results demonstrate that this new concept is feasible, and the EAP plasma actuator is able to generate induced flow velocities similar to the conventional Kapton actuator however needs to be implemented with higher thicknesses Finally, it is worth mentioning that this new EAP actuator brings several other advantages, mainly for deicing purposes since the electro-active polymer movement will difficult the ice adhesion and help to expel the ice from the surface.
Effect of Swelling Behavior of Rubber Rings on the Sealing Performance for 70MPA Hydrogen Pressure Reducing Valves
Authors: Hua Ting-feng , Yang Xue-hua , Long Yun-fei , Jin Zhi-jiang , Qian Jin-yuan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The sealing structures of 70MPa hydrogen pressure reducing valves (HPRV) are important for avoiding leakage. A novel constitutive model considering rubber hyperelasticity and hydrogen-induced strain was built. The model describes the mechanisms of how hydrogen swelling influences sealing performance. Utilizing the finite element software (ABAQUS), in tandem with the user material subroutine (UMAT), a numerical model of the rubber O-ring sealing apparatus under high-pressure hydrogen is developed. The model emphasizes the swelling behavior. Contact stress and Von Mises stress of rubber rings are analyzed to characterize the sealing performance. The influence of various parameters on the sealing performance are discussed respectively, including the hydrogen pressure and the seal gap. The results show that the optimal pre-compression ratio for the structure analyzed is approximated at 5%. Compared to traditional design, this design not only enhances the seal length, but also attenuates the Von Mises stress at the stress concentration point.
A Data-Based One-Layer Formulation of the Two-Equation RANS Models
Authors: Hu Xiaohan , Huang George , Kunz Robert , Yang Xiang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The conventional k-ε model accurately predicts the slope of the logarithmic law but falls short in estimating its intercept as well as the buffer layer. This limitation can be addressed either through a two-layer formulation or by introducing additional terms. However, both strategies necessitate extra adjustable constants and ad-hoc functions. In contrast, this paper introduces a novel one-layer k-ε model, which seamlessly integrates the law of the wall while preserving the essential structure of the k-ε framework. Our approach modifies the unclosed dissipation terms in the k and ε equations specifically within the wall layer. We invoke no other assumption than the general law of the wall and the assumptions that led to the k-ε model. Neither do we resort to ad hoc source terms. The revised model yields the following physical scalings in the viscous sublayer: k ∼ y2, ε ∼ y0. In addition, we demonstrate analytically the in-feasibility of sustaining the vt ∼ y3 scaling. Beyond the sublayer scalings, our model effectively captures the mean flow characteristics in both the buffer layer and the logarithmic layer, resulting in robust predictions of skin friction for zero-pressure-gradient flat-plate boundary layers and plane channels. To further validate our one-layer formulation, we apply our model to boundary layers under varying pressure gradients and channels experiencing sudden deceleration. Our model’s results closely align with the reference direct numerical simulation and experimental datasets.
Experiments and Mechanistic Modeling of Sand Erosion of 90° Elbows in Liquid-Dominated Multiphase Flows
Authors: Vieira Ronald , Biglari Farshad , Shirazi Siamack , Duplat Simona , Gao Haijing 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Pipeline erosion is a common phenomenon in various industries dealing with the transportation of fluids, especially those containing solid particles. Identifying wall thickness loss of pipes and fittings due to solid particle erosion becomes very challenging under multiphase gas-liquid flow conditions which are very common in the oil and gas industry. For instance, it is of utmost importance for operators in the oil and gas industry to make accurate predictions about the internal erosion of elbows within their systems. In this study, erosion measurements were carried out on a standard 50.8 mm (2-inch) stainless steel 316 elbow to assess mechanistic models for predicting erosion rates for elbows in vertical slug-churn flow with sand, a common occurrence in liquid-dominated production systems. Erosion experiments were performed in a large-scale multiphase flow loop, adjusting the velocities of gas (air) and liquid (water), and using particles of 75, 150 and 300 μm in size. In the experiments, superficial liquid and gas velocities ranged from 2 to 5.9 m/s and from 5.8 to 17.5 m/s, respectively. These tests were conducted in an upward vertical direction. Paint removal experiments were conducted to determine the erosion patterns and hot spots of erosion using acrylic elbows. Erosion data was collected using a non-intrusive ultrasonic technique. It was observed that the location of maximum erosion changes as the superficial velocities change. Finally, a semi-mechanistic model based on a drift-flux approach was able to predict the observed maximum erosion rates with an acceptable degree of accuracy. Comparisons with existing models in the literature are also presented.
Vortex Flow Structure Generated by an Inclined Sweeping Jet in Cross Flow
Authors: Fuchiwaki Masaki , Raghu Surya 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A sweeping jet from the fluidic oscillator has attracted attention as an active flow control device in recent years. However, the flow field generated by the sweeping jet ejected into a main flow is not only the complex behaviors of the sweeping jet but also the interaction between the sweeping jet and the main flow, it is easy to consider that it will be a very complex phenomenon. However, the detailed of the vortex structure has not understood sufficiently. Three dimensional vortex structure generated by the interaction between the sweeping jet and the main flow quantitatively was investigated by the stereo PIV measurement. For Vj/V∞ = 6.0, the interaction between the sweeping jet and the main flow is not very large, and the decay of the sweeping jet causes the decay of the entire vortex structure. However, for Vj/V∞ = 2.0, the sweeping jet and the main flow strongly interact, and form a vortex flow with a main rotation component in the direction perpendicular to the main flow, instead of a linear flow in the main flow direction. From the viewpoint of separation control, the vortex structure generated for Vj/V∞ = 2.0 may be extremely effective for separation control since the sweeping jet strongly interacts with the main flow, and not only induces a vortex flow perpendicular to the main flow, but also maintains this structure continuously down the wake.