bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ring opening metathesis polymerization of norbornene and tetracyclododecene with cyclooctene by using (arylimido)vanadium(V)–alkylidene catalyst
Authors: Chaimongkolkunasin Sapanna , Hou Xiaohua , Nomura Kotohiro 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTRing opening metathesis polymerizations (ROMP) of norbornene (NBE), tetracyclododecene (TCD) in the presence of cis‐cyclooctene (COE) using vanadium‐alkylidene catalyst, V(CHSiMe3)(N‐2,6‐Cl2C6H3)(OC6F5)(PMe3)2 (1), were explored. The polymerizations with TCD afforded high‐molecular‐weight polymers (Mn = 19,500–47,400) with low PDI (Mw/Mn) values (1.18–1.38) which possess microstructure of repeated ring‐opened TCD and certain methylene units by incorporation of ring‐opened COE on the basis of microstructure analysis by NMR spectra and DSC thermograms; hydrogenated copolymer possessed melting temperature at 294 °C. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 3067–3074
Recent progress on the synthesis of cyclic polymers via ring‐expansion strategies
Authors: Chang Young A. , Waymouth Robert M. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTCyclic polymers are the simplest topological isomers of linear macromolecules, but exhibit properties that differ from linear chains in ways that remain imperfectly understood. The difficulty of synthesizing appropriately pure and high molecular weight cyclic samples has hindered experimental studies. Ring‐closure methods, while versatile, are inherently limited in the range of molecular weights that can be achieved. Ring‐expansion methods are a much more promising strategy toward obtaining high molecular weight cyclic polymers. The current review focuses on recent developments in ring‐expansion polymerization strategies toward the synthesis of high molecular weight cyclic polymers. Significant progress in the last decade has made the synthesis of cyclic polymers possible by a variety of methods, such as ruthenium‐ and tungsten‐catalyzed ring‐expansion metathesis polymerization, organocatalytic and Lewis acid‐catalyzed zwitterionic polymerization, RAFT and nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization, among many others. While the study of cyclic polymers has long been hampered by synthetic challenges, the recent resurgence of interest in this field presents an exciting opportunity for chemists. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 2892–2902
Polymeric spatial resolution test patterns for mass spectrometry imaging using nano‐thermal analysis with atomic force microscopy
Authors: Tai Tamin , Kertesz Vilmos , Lin Ming‐Wei , Srijanto Bernadeta R. , Hensley Dale K. , Xiao Kai , Van Berkel Gary J. 
Published: May 2017

RationaleAs the spatial resolution of mass spectrometry imaging technologies has begun to reach into the nanometer regime, finding readily available or easily made resolution reference materials has become particularly challenging for molecular imaging purposes. This paper describes the fabrication, characterization and use of vertical line array polymeric spatial resolution test patterns for nano‐thermal analysis/atomic force microscopy/mass spectrometry chemical imaging.MethodsTest patterns of varied line width (0.7 or 1.0 μm) and spacing (0.7 or 1.0 μm) were created in an ~1‐μm‐thick poly(methyl methacrylate) thin film using electron beam lithography. The patterns were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy topography and nano‐thermal analysis/mass spectrometry imaging.ResultsThe efficacy of these polymeric test patterns for the advancement of chemical imaging techniques was illustrated by their use to judge the spatial resolution improvement achieved by heating the ionization interface of the current instrument platform. The spatial resolution of the mass spectral chemical images was estimated to be 1.4 μm, based on the ability to statistically distinguish 0.7‐μm‐wide lines separated by 0.7‐μm‐wide spacings in those images when the interface cross was heated to 200°C.ConclusionsThis work illustrates that e‐beam lithography is a viable method to create spatial resolution test patterns in a thin film of high molecular weight polymer to allow unbiased judgment of intra‐laboratory advancement and/or inter‐laboratory comparison of instrument advances in nano‐thermal analysis/atomic force microscopy/mass spectrometry chemical imaging. Published in 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Retracted: Market research is dead
Authors: Souda Preriit 
Published: May 2017

Retraction: ‘Market research is dead’ by P. Souda. The above article from Research World, published online on 11 May 2017 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) and in Volume 64, p. 47, has been withdrawn by agreement between the author, the journal Editor, Angela Canin, and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. The withdrawal has been agreed due to confirmation having been received that permission was not given to publish this article.ReferenceSouda, P. (2017). Market research is dead. Research World, 64, 47. doi:10.1002/rwm3.20522
Unusual pitted Ordovician brachiopods from the East Baltic: the significance of coarsely pitted ornamentations in linguliforms
Authors: Holmer Lars E. , Popov Leonid E. , Ghobadi Pour Mansoureh , Zhang Zhiliang , Zhang Zhifei 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA characteristic coarsely pitted ornamentation (with pits larger than 0.015 mm across) can be found on some very enigmatic and rare Lower Ordovician phosphatic‐shelled linguliform brachiopods, including the paterinid Lacunites balaschovae Gorjansky and the obolid Foveola maarduensis Gorjansky. Both of these species are poorly understood and known from only a few specimens from the Floian of the East Baltic. Here we describe the Ordovician species Lacunites ivantsovi sp. nov. from the lower Darriwilian of the St Petersburg region and Foveola ivari sp. nov. from the Sandbian of Estonia, representing the last known survivors of these genera in the area. The new Darriwilian species of Lacunites is also one of the last members of the Class Paterinata, which most importantly includes some of the earliest known brachiopods from the early Cambrian. The coarsely pitted ornamentation of Foveola ivari is associated with the formation of asymmetrical so‐called terrace lines in the umbonal area. The latter may indicate a burrowing life style. The pits in Lacunites and Foveola are directly comparable to the more or less identical coarse pits in the discinoid Trematis. Unlike the microscopic pits found in many fossil linguliforms, it is most likely that the coarse pits were empty in life; the minute surface ornamentation of irregular wrinkles in the outer primary layer continues across the bottom of the depressions in Foveola and Trematis; in the latter the cementing attachment discs of an attached phosphatic tubular Byronia‐like organism also extend down into the pits.
Oral contraceptive pill use and the susceptibility to markers of exercise-induced muscle damage
Authors: Hicks K. M. , Onambélé-Pearson G. , Winwood K. , Morse C. I. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPurposeFirstly, to establish whether oral contraceptive pill (OCP) users are more susceptible to muscle damage compared to non-users, and secondly, to establish whether differences can be attributed to differences in patella tendon properties.MethodsNine female OCP users and 9 female non-users participated in the investigation. Combining dynamometry, electromyography and ultrasonography, patella tendon properties and vastus lateralis architectural properties were measured pre and during the first of 6 sets of 12 maximal voluntary eccentric knee extensions. Serum oestrogen levels were measured on the 7th day of the pill cycle and the 14th day of menstrual cycle in OCP users and non-users, respectively. Maximal voluntary isometric knee extension torque loss, creatine kinase and muscle soreness were measured 48 h pre-damage, post-damage, and 48, 96 and 168 h post-damage.ResultsOestrogen levels were significantly lower in OCP users compared to non-users (209 ± 115 and 433 ± 147 pg/ml, respectively,p = 0.004). Proposed determinants of muscle damage, patella tendon stiffness and maximal eccentric torque did not differ between OCP users and non-users. The change in creatine kinase from pre to peak was significantly higher in OCP users compared to non-users (962 ± 968 and 386 ± 474 Ul, respectively,p = 0.016). There were no other differences in markers of muscle damage.ConclusionAlthough our findings suggest that, when compared to non-users, the OCP may augment the creatine kinase response following eccentric exercise, it does not increase the susceptibility to any other markers of muscle damage.
Including parameter uncertainty in forward projections of computationally intensive statistical population dynamic models
Authors: Maunder Mark N. , Harley Shelton J. , Hampton John 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe increased computational demands of modern statistical stock assessment models have made the standard methods to provide uncertainty estimates for forward projections impractical for timely results in many applications. However, forward projections and their associated estimates of uncertainty are an important and popular piece of management advice. We describe a less computationally intense method to estimate uncertainty in forward projections that includes both parameter uncertainty and future demographic stochastic uncertainty. This frequentist method uses penalized likelihood as an approximation to mixed effects and can be viewed as treating the future projection period as part of the estimation model rather than performing stochastic projections. This allows confidence intervals to be calculated using normal approximation based on the delta method. The method is tested using simulation analysis and compared with Bayesian analysis and with projections based on point estimates of the parameters. The method is applied to yellowfin tuna in the eastern Pacific Ocean.
Modelling an exploited marine fish community with 15 parameters – results from a simple size-based model
Authors: Pope John G. , Rice Jake C. , Daan Niels , Jennings Simon , Gislason Henrik 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTo measure and predict the response of fish communities to exploitation, it is necessary to understand how the direct and indirect effects of fishing interact. Because fishing and predation are size-selective processes, the potential response can be explored with size-based models. We use a simulation approach to describe the relationship between size spectrum slope and overall fishing mortality and to try to understand how a linear spectrum might be maintained. The model uses 15 parameters to describe a 13-“species” fish community, where species are defined by their maximum body size and the general relationship between size and life-history characteristics. The simulations allow us to assess the role of changes in the strength and type of density dependence in controlling the response to fishing, and to investigate the trade-off between catches and stock status of the different species. The outputs showed that the linear slope of the size spectrum was a function of community exploitation rate. Density-dependent controls, specifically predation mortality and the extent of compensation in the stock-recruit relationship, were key mechanisms in maintaining a linear spectrum. A linear spectrum emerged independent of the rate of compensation in the stock-recruit relationship. When this rate was low, the effects of changes in fishing mortality on predator abundance dominated those on spawning-stock biomass, whereas the dominance was reversed when the compensation rate in the stock-recruit relationship was high. The approach allows us to explore the effects of different fishing mortality schedules on properties of the fish community, to assess how fishing affects species with different life histories in mixed fisheries, and to assess the effects of selectively fishing different size classes. The simulations indicate that the size classes to be included when developing and interpreting size-based metrics must be carefully considered in relation to the trophic structure and likely strength of predatory interactions in the community. Runs with different fishing mortality by size suggest that the dynamics of predation cannot compensate fully for changing rates and patterns of exploitation, implying that the effects of selectively fishing different size classes should be assessed on a case-by-case basis.
Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis diagnosed due to dermatological perianal lesion
Authors: Scolaro Bruno Lorenzo , Pereira Gustavo Becker , Ogata Daniel Cury , da Cunha Fernanda Souto Padrón Figueiredo Vieira , Effting Ana Cristina Martins , Guanabara Rafael Oselame 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLangerhans’ cell histiocytosis is a rare disease characterized by proliferation of Langerhans cells in the body. It affects mainly males, predominantly in childhood. Ulcerated plaques are one of the cutaneous forms of presentation. Diagnostic confirmation is done through immunohistochemistry. As therapeutic options, topical corticosteroids and chemotherapy are good choices. The case is reported of a male patient, aged 14, with perianal ulceration. He consulted a coloproctologist, who performed a biopsy of the region and started local triamcinolone applications. Immunohistochemistry diagnosed Langerhans’ cells histiocytosis. Further investigation revealed diabetes insipidus, osteolytic lesions in the skull and lower limbs, enlarged liver, and encephalic alterations. Chemotherapy was started with Vinblastine, with significant improvement of the lesions.
Synbiotic supplementation and the effects on clinical and metabolic responses in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Zamani Batol , Farshbaf Shima , Golkar Hamid R. , Bahmani Fereshteh , Asemi Zatollah 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSynbiotic intake may be associated with reduced inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) due to optimised inflammatory markers, oxidative stress and insulin resistance. This research was conducted to assess the effects of synbiotic supplementation on the clinical and metabolic parameters of patients with RA. A total of fifty-four patients with RA were allocated into two groups to receive either a synbiotic capsule (n 27) or a placebo (n 27) for 8 weeks in this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and week 8 of the study to quantify related markers. After the 8-week intervention, compared with the placebo, synbiotic supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels (–1427·8 (sd 3267·2) v. +2833·4 (sd 5639·7) ng/ml, P=0·001). In addition, compared with the placebo, synbiotic supplementation improved disease activity score-28 joints (DAS-28) (–1·6 (sd 0·8) v. –0·3 (sd 0·5), P<0·001) and visual analogue scales (VAS) pain (–30·4 (sd 18·7) v. –11·5 (sd 15·9), P<0·001). In addition, a significant elevation in plasma nitric oxide (NO) (+0·8 (sd 4·4) v. –2·6 (sd 4·5) µmol/l, P=0·008), and significant reductions in insulin values (–13·8 (sd 26·4) v. +4·2 (sd 28·2) pmol/l, P=0·01), homoeostasis model of assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (–0·5 (sd 1·0) v.+0·1 (sd 1·1), P=0·03) and homoeostatic model assessment-β-cell function (HOMA-B) (–9·4 (sd 17·9) v. +3·3 (sd 18·9), P=0·01) following supplementation with the synbiotic compared with the placebo. Compared with the placebo, synbiotic supplementation also resulted in a significant increase in plasma GSH (+36·6 (sd 63·5) v. –58·5 (sd 154·4) µmol/l, P=0·005). Overall, our study demonstrated that synbiotic supplementation for 8 weeks among patients with RA had beneficial effects on hs-CRP, DAS-28, VAS, NO, insulin levels, HOMA-IR, HOMA-B and GSH levels.
Monitoring and mass-trapping methodologies using pheromones: the lesser date moth Batrachedra amydraula
Authors: Levi-Zada A. , Sadowsky A. , Dobrinin S. , Ticuchinski T. , David M. , Fefer D. , Dunkelblum E. , Byers J.A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe lesser date moth (LDM) Batrachedra amydraula is a significant pest of date palm fruits. Previously, detection and monitoring of the pest was inaccurate due to high costs of sampling with lifting machines. We report a practical system for detection and monitoring of LDM based on pheromone traps and relevant models. Dose–response experiments with LDM pheromone traps indicated a 1 mg lure is optimal for monitoring. Delta traps with adhesive covering their entire inner surface gave the highest captures while trap colour was unimportant. Sampling pheromone traps throughout the night indicated male flight began at 1:00–2:00 and reached a peak 2 h before sunrise. Monitoring traps exposed all year long in Israel revealed three generations with different abundance. Trapping transects in a date plantation indicated interference from a monitoring trap became minimal at distances >27 m away. Inter-trap distances closer than this may lower efficiency of monitoring and mass trapping in control programs. Our estimate of the circular effective attraction radius (EARc) of a 1 mg delta trap for LDM (3.43 m) shows this bait is among the most attractive compared with baits for other insects. We developed encounter-rate equations with the pheromone trap EARc to model the interplay between population levels, trap density and captures that are useful for detection of invasive LDM and its control by mass trapping. The integrated methodologies are applicable to many pest species.
THE SUPREME COURT'S JUDGMENT IN MILLER: IN SEARCH OF CONSTITUTIONAL PRINCIPLE
Authors: Elliott Mark 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn R. (Miller) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union, the Supreme Court of the UK (1) held that the UK Government had no prerogative power to initiate the formal process whereby the UK will withdraw from the EU and (2) declined to recognise any requirement that the devolved legislatures’ consent be obtained in respect of legislation authorising the Government to commence the withdrawal process. This article critically examines Miller, arguing that the majority's analysis veers between unwarranted muscularity in relation to the prerogative issue and unnecessary conservatism as regards the devolution issue. The article goes on to argue that while the majority judgment's restrictive approach to the prerogative may be viewed as a progressive victory for constitutional principle, such an evaluation can be sustained only if a set of relatively traditional constitutional premises are adopted to begin with. The article also contends that the general approach adopted by the majority is problematic, given its willingness to invoke arguments of constitutional principle without adequately engaging with questions about what the pertinent principles are, and argues that such an intellectually lackadaisical mode of constitutional adjudication is to be deprecated.
Methodological Issues in Analyses of Use and Adequacy of Community Services in Rural Areas: With an Application to Legal Services in the Northeast
Authors: Willis Cleve E. , Crawford Charles O. 
Published: May 2017

Three major problems appear common to recent research efforts aimed at measurement and assessment of the adequacy of community services. These include:(i)difficulties and inconsistencies which relate to the definition and interpretation of utilization behavior,(ii)econometric misspecification—e.g., omission of critical variables affecting needs or use—, and(iii)choice of inappropriate estimation technique when the dependent variable (e.g., use or non-use of the service) is dichotomous.
Forecasting Maine Potato Prices
Authors: Fackler Paul 
Published: May 2017

Forecasting models were developed for annual and monthly average price of Maine potatoes, using Crop Reporting Board data. Several approaches to the forecasting problem were explored, as were a number of statistical aids to model development and evaluation. Attention was focused on providing timely forecasts as data became available.Specifically, three models were developed. The first provided forecasts of the season average price. Attention here was placed on the selection of a subset of influential variables from a set of potentially important ones, as well as the detection of outliers and colinearities. These problems were especially significant given the small number of observations in the annual price series. Production data for five regions were deemed most influential.The other two models were developed to provide forecasts of the monthly average price from November through May. A modified ARIMA (0,1,0) (2,1,0) model was estimated and used to provide forecasts based on the price data series alone. An alternate model, using production levels from four regions, current stocks levels and a monthly trend variable (and, implicitly, lagged price), was also developed.Both monthly models provided current forecasts for each month remaining in the marketing season which were updated as new information became available. The second model, which incorporated more information, was deemed to provide somewhat more accurate forecasts, at all forecast distances, than the simpler ARIMA model, when compared over the 1977–1981 period.
Bridge-Addability, Edge-Expansion and Connectivity
Authors: McDIARMID COLIN , WELLER KERSTIN 
Published: May 2017

A class of graphs is calledbridge-addableif, for each graph in the class and each pairuandvof vertices in different components, the graph obtained by adding an edge joininguandvmust also be in the class. The concept was introduced in 2005 by McDiarmid, Steger and Welsh, who showed that, for a random graph sampled uniformly from such a class, the probability that it is connected is at least 1/e.We generalize this and related results to bridge-addable classes with edge-weights which have an edge-expansion property. Here, a graph is sampled with probability proportional to the product of its edge-weights. We obtain for example lower bounds for the probability of connectedness of a graph sampled uniformly from a relatively bridge-addable class of graphs, where some but not necessarily all of the possible bridges are allowed to be introduced. Furthermore, we investigate whether these bounds are tight, and in particular give detailed results about random forests in complete balanced multipartite graphs.
Aortic dissection and cystinosis: is there any relationship?
Authors: Tajdini Masih , Bayati Mehdi , Vasheghani-Farahani Ali 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCystinosis is a rare, autosomal-recessive genetic disorder. The kidneys are commonly involved, as there is cystinosin protein malfunction, and nephropathic cystinosis ensues. Although cardiac and vascular involvements are rare, we describe a unique case of aortic dissection in a 25-year-old female with cystinosis. We discuss the possible aetiologies of aortic dissection in this condition.