bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body-fat indicators and kidney function decline in older post-myocardial infarction patients: The Alpha Omega Cohort Study
Authors: Esmeijer Kevin , Geleijnse Johanna M , Giltay Erik J , Stijnen Theo , Dekker Friedo W , de Fijter Johan W , Kromhout Daan , Hoogeveen Ellen K 
Published: November 2017

Background Obesity increases risk of hypertension and diabetes, the leading causes of end-stage renal disease. The effect of obesity on kidney function decline in stable post-myocardial infarction patients is poorly documented. This relation was investigated in a large cohort of older post-myocardial infarction patients. Design Data were analysed from 2410 post-myocardial infarction patients in the Alpha Omega Trial, aged 60–80 years receiving optimal pharmacotherapy treatment (79% men, 18% diabetes). Methods Cystatin C based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcysC) was calculated at baseline and after 41 months, using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. Obesity was defined as body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2 and high waist circumference as ≥102 and ≥88 cm for men and women. The relation between body mass index, waist circumference and annual eGFRcysC decline was evaluated by linear regression. Results At baseline, mean (standard deviation) eGFRcysC was 81.5 (19.6) ml/min/1.73 m2, 23% of all patients were obese. After multivariable adjustment, the annual mean (95% confidence interval) eGFRcysC decline in men and women was –1.45 (–1.59 to –1.31) and –0.92 (–1.20 to –0.63) ml/min/1.73 m2, respectively ( p = 0.001). Obese versus non-obese patients and patients with high versus normal waist circumference experienced greater annual eGFRcysC decline. Men and women showed an additional annual eGFRcysC decline of –0.35 (–0.56 to –0.14) and –0.21 (–0.55 to 0.14) ml/min/1.73 m2 per 5 kg/m2 body mass index increment ( p for interaction 0.3). Conclusions High compared to normal body mass index or waist circumference were associated with more rapid kidney function decline in older stable post-myocardial infarction patients receiving optimal drug therapy.
Young women, body size and risk of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Persson Christina E , Adiels Martin , Björck Lena , Rosengren Annika 
Published: November 2017

Background A large body size in early adult life has been associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) later in life in men; however, this has not yet been investigated in women. Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: We included all women in the Swedish Medical Birth Registry with known weight and height from 1982 to 2014. The main exposure body surface area (BSA) was calculated as the square root of (height [cm]  ×  weight [kg]/3600). Information on hospital diagnoses of AF were obtained from the Patient Registry. The study population comprised 1,522,329 women (mean age 28.3 years). Results: A total of 6993 women (0.5%) were diagnosed with AF during a maximum follow-up of 33.6 years (mean 16.6 years, confidence interval [CI] 16.6–16.6). Risk of AF rose linearly with increasing BSA, body mass index (BMI) and height, with up to a threefold increased risk in the biggest women. Hazard ratios associated with BSA were 1.21 (95% CI 1.12–1.30), 1.45 (95% CI 1.35–1.56) and 2.11 (95% CI 1.97–2.26) when comparing the second, third and fourth quartiles, respectively, with the first. The elevated risk persisted after stratifying for different levels of BMI, even among women with low-normal BMI. Conclusion A larger body size measured early in adulthood was, independent from BMI, associated with an increased risk of AF in women during follow-up of up to 33 years.
Predictors of survival and ability to wean from short-term mechanical circulatory support device following acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock
Authors: Garan A Reshad , Eckhardt Christina , Takeda Koji , Topkara Veli K , Clerkin Kevin , Fried Justin , Masoumi Amirali , Demmer Ryan T , Trinh Pauline , Yuzefpolskaya Melana , Naka Yoshifumi , Burkhoff Dan , Kirtane Ajay , Colombo Paolo C , Takayama Hiroo 
Published: November 2017

Background: Cardiogenic shock following acute myocardial infarction (AMI-CS) portends a poor prognosis. Short-term mechanical circulatory support devices (MCSDs) provide hemodynamic support for patients with cardiogenic shock but predictors of survival and the ability to wean from short-term MCSDs remain largely unknown. Methods: All patients > 18 years old treated at our institution with extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation or short-term surgical ventricular assist device for AMI-CS were studied. We collected acute myocardial infarction details with demographic and hemodynamic variables. Primary outcomes were survival to discharge and recovery from MCSD (i.e. survival without heart replacement therapy including durable ventricular assist device or heart transplant). Results: One hundred and twenty-four patients received extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation or short-term surgical ventricular assist device following acute myocardial infarction from 2007 to 2016; 89 received extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation and 35 short-term ventricular assist device. Fifty-five (44.4%) died in the hospital and 69 (55.6%) survived to discharge. Twenty-six (37.7%) required heart replacement therapy (four transplant, 22 durable ventricular assist device) and 43 (62.3%) were discharged without heart replacement therapy. Age and cardiac index at MCSD implantation were predictors of survival to discharge; patients over 60 years with cardiac index <1.5 l/min per m2 had a low likelihood of survival. The angiographic result after revascularization predicted recovery from MCSD (odds ratio 9.00, 95% confidence interval 2.45–32.99, p=0.001), but 50% of those optimally revascularized still required heart replacement therapy. Cardiac index predicted recovery from MCSD among this group (odds ratio 4.06, 95% confidence interval 1.45–11.55, p=0.009). Conclusion: Among AMI-CS patients requiring short-term MCSDs, age and cardiac index predict survival to discharge. Angiographic result and cardiac index predict ventricular recovery but 50% of those optimally revascularized still required heart replacement therapy.
Cervical Intervertebral Disc Degeneration and Low Cervical Extension Independently Associated With a History of Stinger Syndrome
Authors: Hakkaku Takayoshi , Nakazato Koichi , Koyama Koji , Kouzaki Karina , Hiranuma Kenji 
Published: November 2017

Background: Stinger syndrome frequently occurs in athletes who compete in collision sports. Sharp pain and impairment of neck motion are major symptoms. Cervical intervertebral disc degeneration (CIDD) is also frequently observed in those who compete in collision sports. Purpose/Hypothesis: To investigate whether CIDD and neck functionality are related to a history of stinger syndrome. The hypothesis was that a significant relationship exists between CIDD and neck motion and a history of stinger syndrome in Japanese collegiate football players. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 49 male Japanese collegiate football players (mean age, 20.0 ± 1.1 years; mean athletic experience, 3.8 ± 2.3 years; mean height, 172.3 ± 4.8 cm; mean weight, 83.1 ± 12.2 kg) were subdivided into athletes with stinger syndrome (stinger group) and those without (control group). Stinger syndrome was confirmed based on a questionnaire and interview. CIDD was assessed by using T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Range of motion (ROM) and isometric muscle strength were measured for neck function testing. Results: Thirty-nine percent (19/49) of athletes had at least 1 episode of stinger syndrome. The prevalence of CIDD was significantly higher in the stinger group (68%) than in the control group (30%) ( P < .01). A statistically significant difference in cervical extension ROM was found between the stinger group (50.9° ± 11.1°) and the control group (60.2° ± 11.4°) ( P < .01). Logistic regression analysis showed that CIDD and low cervical extension were independently associated with a history of stinger syndrome. Conclusion: Study results suggest that stinger syndrome is associated with CIDD and low cervical extension in collegiate football players.
Differences in Cancer-Specific Mortality of Right- Versus Left-Sided Colon Adenocarcinoma: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database Analysis
Authors: Wang Chenyang , Wainberg Zev A. , Raldow Ann , Lee Percy 
Published: November 2017

Purpose Studies have shown an increased risk for all-cause mortality with right-sided colon cancer (RCC) as compared with left-sided colon cancer (LCC). However, these studies were unable to directly account for mortality events unrelated to cancer, known as other-cause mortality. We investigated the difference in cancer-specific mortality (CSM) between RCC and LCC at localized, regional, and metastatic stages, according to the Fine and Gray proportional hazards model, while accounting for other-cause mortality as a competing risk. Methods Using the SEER database, we identified 90,635 patients with LCC (ie, involving the splenic flexure, descending, sigmoid, and rectosigmoid colon) and 112,679 patients with RCC (ie, involving the cecum, ascending, hepatic flexure, and transverse colon) diagnosed from 1998 to 2013. We performed a competing risk analysis for CSM using the Fine and Gray proportional hazard model, adjusting for age, sex, race, tumor grade, surgery status, year of diagnosis, and tumor laterality, with two-sided testing and a statistical significance threshold of 0.05. Results Compared with LCC, RCC demonstrated statistically significant decreased CSM at the localized stage (adjusted hazards ratio [AHR], 0.865; P < .001), equivalent CSM at the regional stage (AHR, 0.990; P = .440), and increased CSM at the metastatic stage (AHR, 1.175; P < .001). Conclusion Using a competing risk model, we have shown that RCC, compared with LCC, is associated with lower CSM at the localized stage, equivalent CSM at the regional stage, and higher CSM at the metastatic stage. This pattern may correlate with variation in genetic factors, including known decreased prevalence of microsatellite instability in RCC with regional and metastatic disease.
Social campaigns as a possibilities to build cooperation sports organizations with business organizations. Actions embedded in the CSR concept
Authors: Pawlak Gabriel , Kulpaczyńska Agnieszka , Kutryn Dawid 
Published: November 2017

Celem artykułu jest wskazanie możliwości realizacji wspólnych działań strategicznych w koncepcji CSR przez organizacje profit (min. przedsiębiorstwa) i non profit (min. kluby sportowe). Autorzy wskazują kampanie społeczne jako jedną z możliwości, która pozwala na tworzenie wspólnych projektów o charakterze biznesowo – społecznym, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem kontekstu CSR i jej 7 obszaru normy ISO 26 000 tj. zaangażowanie i rozwój społeczności lokalnych. The aim of the article is to indicate the possibility of joint action in the strategic CSR-profit organizations (min. Company) and non-profit (min. Sports clubs). The authors point to social campaigns as one of the possibilities, which allows for the creation of joint business-social projects, with particular focus on the context of CSR and the 7th ISO 26000 area; the involvement and development of local communities.
Analysis of results of survey on disciplinary liability for use of athletes and methods prohibited from the perspective of contemporary challenges of sport
Authors: Nowak Michał 
Published: November 2017

Artykuł ten poświęcony jest analizie badań własnych przeprowadzonych w formie ankietowania na temat dyscyplinarnej odpowiedzialności sportowców za stosowanie środków dopingowych. Dopingiem jest zażywanie substancji zabronionych, a odpowiedzialność za stosowanie środków dopingowych jest odpowiedzialnością dyscyplinarną. Motywem przewodnim dla przeprowadzonego badania jest przypadek tenisistki Marii Sharapowej, która użyła Meldonium. Dla celu tego artykułu został przeprowadzony sondaż obejmujący 580 respondentów. Analiza ma służyć uzyskaniu opinii, czy respondencji zdają sobie sprawę co stanowi doping w sporcie i jakie są kary za jego wykorzystanie w sporcie wyczynowym. Istotne jest czy respondenci negatywnie oceniają zawodników stosujących doping jak Szarapowa i czy chcą surowszych kar za stosowanie środków dopingowych. Badanie przekazuje ważne informacje zawierające opinie o stosowaniu środków dopingowych. Ważne, że pomimo coraz większej wykrywalności przypadków stosowania środków dopingowych na świecie, to stosowanie dopingu jest częste wśród sportowców. Tymczasem niezatwierdzone substancje, które pojawiają się na rynku, stają się trudniejsze do wykrycia i są coraz bardziej niebezpieczne dla sportowca. Abstract This paper concerns the analysis of disciplinary responsibility of sportsman for doping. Responsibility for doping has a constructive character of disciplinary, but in exceptional circumstances, the nature of legal liability under the Penal Code. The motive to carry out the research was doping of tennis player - Maria Sharapova and she used Meldonium. For the purpose of the article was carried out a survey of 580 people. The study showed that despite the fact, that the respondents are interested in sports and amateur practice, it is not exactly are aware of what is doping in sport, and what are the penalties for its use in professional sport. People negatively evaluate such sportsman as Sharapova and they want greater penalties for doping. The survey is an important exploration opinion on doping. Despite more and more serious cases of doping in the world, and still these subject is treated marginally and slowly becomes a real plague among sportsman. Non - approved substances that appear on the market, are becoming harder to detect, more and more dangerous for the sportsman.
Neuropeptides in Obesity and Metabolic Disease
Authors: van der Klaauw Agatha A 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe global rise in the prevalence of obesity and associated comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer represents a major public health concern.CONTENTStudies in rodents with the use of global and targeted gene disruption, and mapping of neurocircuitry by using optogenetics and designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) have greatly advanced our understanding of the neural control of body weight. In conjunction with analytical chemistry techniques involving classical immunoassays and mass spectrometry, many neuropeptides that are key to energy homeostasis have been identified. The actions of neuropeptides are diverse, from paracrine modulation of local neurotransmission to hormonal control of distant target organs.SUMMARYMultiple hormones, such as the adipocyte-derived leptin, insulin, and gut hormones, and nutrients signal peripheral energy state to the central nervous system. Neurons in distinct areas of the hypothalamus and brainstem integrate and translate this information by both direct inhibitory/excitatory projections and anorexigenic or orexigenic neuropeptides into actions on food intake and energy expenditure. The importance of these neuropeptides in human energy balance is most powerfully illustrated by genetic forms of obesity that involve neuropeptides such as melanocortin-4-receptor (MC4R) deficiency. Drugs that mimic the actions of neuropeptides are being tested for the treatment of obesity. Successful therapeutic strategies in obesity will require in-depth knowledge of the neuronal circuits they are working in, the downstream targets, and potential compensatory mechanisms.
¿Cómo circula el viento en los trópicos? Avances en la disciplina climática durante la Edad Moderna
Authors: Olcina Cantos Jorge 
Published: November 2017

Los siglos XVII y XVIII son esenciales para comprender la evolución posterior de las ciencias del tiempo y clima. Junto a la mejora en los sistemas y métodos de observación de los elementos climáticos, se formulan una serie de propuestas que intentarán explicar el funcionamiento de la circulación atmosférica y, en particular, de los vientos en las diferentes zonas terrestres. La preocupación principal será la comprensión de los alisios del ámbito intertropical, por su importancia para la navegación marítima. Científicos, geógrafos y filósofos aportan propuestas que irán, progresivamente, mejorando a lo largo de estas dos centurias. El trabajo muestra los trabajos principales que se desarrollan en este período y que serán la base de las mejoras en la ciencia climática de los siglos posteriores.
EFFECT OF SOLVENT THE SELECTIVE SEPARATION OF PHYTOSTEROLS USING ZEOLITE
Authors: A.Widjaja A.Widjaja , Y.H. Chuang Chuang 
Published: November 2017

The effect of organic solvent on zeolite adsorption of sterols mixiture containing almost the same percentage of campesterol and B-sitosterol was investigated. Although pentane was found to give the highest adsorption rate than other solvents, but it was not chosen as the sovent due to its low boilingpoint and high volatility. Although iso-actane has a high boiling point and adsorption rate like pentane, however, since it shows lower selectivity than other solvents, it was not considered as a good solvent. Based on the the selectivity study which shows that using hexane as the solvent campesterol was adsorbed more than B-sitosterol, and also based on the moderate boiling point of hexane, hexane wasconsidered the best solvent for the separation of campesterol and B-sitosterol by zeolite adsorption. It was found that adding up to 0.3% ethanol could increase the adsorption rate. Methanol, having the highest polarity among other solvents investigated, gave the highest desorption rate of campesterol adsorbed on the zeolite surface. However, solvent selectivity in the desorption was lower than that in adsorption.
PENGARUH DERAJAT DEASETILASI KHITOSAN DARI KULIT UDANG TERHADAP APLIKASINYA SEBAGAI PENGAWET MAKANAN
Authors: Rokhati Nur 
Published: November 2017

Industri pengolahan udang banyak menimbulkan hasil samping berupa limbah kulit udang yang belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal, yaitu hanya dijadikan tepung dan campuran makanan ternak. Hal itu kurang memiliki nilai ekonomis dibandingkan dengan mengolahnya menjadi khitin dan khitosan. Khitosan banyak digunakan di berbagai industri. Salah satu penerapan khitosan yang penting dan dibutuhkan dewasa ini adalah sebagai pengawet bahan makanan pengganti formalin. Kualitas khitosan sering dinyatakan dengan besarnya nilai derajad deasetilasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kondisi operasi optimum proses deasetilasi khitin serta mempelajari pengaruh derajat deasetilasi terhadap khitosan sebagai bahan pengawet makanan. Proses deproteinisasi dengan larutan NaOH (3.5 % w/v) selama 2 jam pada suhu 65 oC dan proses demineralisasi dalam larutan HCl (1N) selama 30 menit pada suhu kamar. Proses deasetilasi dilakukan dengan memanaskan khitin dengan larutan NaOH (20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% w/v) pada suhu (50 oC, 60 oC, 70 oC, 80 oC, 90 oC, 100 oC, 110 oC) selama (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 jam). Parameter respon adalah derajat deasetilasi khitosan. Produk khitosan diaplikasikan untuk pengawet tahu dan analisa mikroba dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode TPC untuk mengetahui pengaruh derajat deasetilasi terhadap kemampuannya mengawetkan makanan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi optimum proses deasetilasi khitin menjadi khitosan adalah pada konsentrasi NaOH 50% dan suhu 100oC selama 1 jam yang memberikan derajat deasetilasi sebesar 71,2%.. Total bakteri pada perendaman tahu selama 3 hari dalam larutan asam asetat ditambah chitosan 6,8.104, dalam larutan asam asetat saja 9,9. 105, dan dalam blangko 8,6. 107, sehingga bisa disimpulkan bahwa khitosan dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri. Namun meningkatnya derajad deasetilasi tidak begitu berpengaruh terhadap penurunan jumlah bakteri.
STUDI AWAL DETERPENISASI MINYAK NILAM DENGAN TEKNOLOGI REDISTILASI VAKUM
Authors: Silviana Silviana , Purbasari Aprilina 
Published: November 2017

Minyak nilam merupakan komoditi ekspor penting dari Indonesia. Persyaratan kandungan patchouli alcohol (PA) dalam minyak nilam berdasarkan SNI minimal 31%. Minyak nilam hasil distilasi UKM seringkali kadar PA-nya kurang dari 31% sehingga perlu dicari cara untuk meningkatkan kadar PA dalam minyak nilam. Salah satu cara adalah dengan redistilasi vakum atau distilasi fraksionasi produk UKM sebagai upaya penghilangan terpen dalam minyak nilam (deterpenisasi). Kondisi vakum akan dapat menurunkan temperatur operasi sehingga kemungkinan terjadinya destruksi oleh panas dapat dihindarkan. Alat redistilasi vakum yang digunakan berkapasitas 500 ml untuk memisahkan komponen terpen yang memiliki titik didih rendah dan komponen PA yang memiliki titik didih tinggi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan variabel berubah temperatur, tekanan, dan waktu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa temperatur, waktu, serta interaksi temperatur dan waktu merupakan variabel paling berpengaruh pada proses redistilasi vakum dengan kenaikan kadar PA mencapai 23,06 - 28,97% dari kadar awal sebesar 17,95%. Adapun model regresi yang diperoleh adalah Kadar PA = 24,80 + 0,93A + 1,33C + 0,97AC dengan A adalah temperatur dan C adalah waktu redistilasi vakum.
KOMPARASI PETA KURVA RESIDU SISTEM TERNER ASETON-n-BUTANOL-ETANOL DENGAN METANOL-ETANOL-PROPANOL
Authors: Sari N. K. , Kuswandi Kuswandi , Soewarno N. , Handogo R. 
Published: November 2017

Simulasi pemisahan sistem terner Metanol-Etanol-1-Propanol (MEP) pada tekanan atmosfer menggunakan distilasi batch sederhana telah diteliti. Peta kurva residu kemudian dibuat untuk dilihat apakah sistem tersebut mempunyai campuran azeotropik atau campuran zeotropik. Peta kurva residu dari sistem terner MEP tersebut dibandingkan pula dengan peta kurva residu dari sistem terner Aseton-n-Butanol-Etanol. Untuk menghitung tekanan uap jenuh digunakan persamaan Antoine berdasarkan kondisi atmosferik. Koefisien aktivitas dihitung menggunakan persamaan UNIQUAC. Forward-finite-difference digunakan untuk menghitung komposisi dibagian bawah kolom pada waktu yang ditentukan dari komposisi awal MEP. Beberapa nilai-nilai awal komposisi MEP yang telah dipilih untuk melengkapi peta kurva residu dengan simulasi menggunakan bahasa MathLab versi 6.1. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa secara simulasi sistem terner MEP adalah campuran zeotropik, tanpa mempunyai campuran azeotropik biner dari masing-masing komponennya. Peta kurva residu sistem terner MEP kemudian dibandingkan dengan literatur dan divalidasi secara hubungan topologi antara jumlah noda tidak stabil, jumlah noda stabil dan jumlah sadel.
Distribusi Aliran Dalam Reactor Berkanal Mikro
Authors: Budhi Y. W. , Restiawaty E. , Subagjo Subagjo 
Published: November 2017

Reactor mikro telah menempatkan diri pada posisi yang diminati dalam pengembangan teknologi reactor modern yang memiliki karakteristik pokok dalam hal percepatan laju perpindahan massa dan panas yang berlipat ganda. Dengan dimensi yang berskala mikron, distribusi aliran dari pipa induk menuju masing-masing kanal merupaka salah satu persoalan penting untuk menjamin keseragaman aliran di setiap kanal. Makalah ini mengkaji distribusi aliran dalam lima model reactor dan shift converter yang mengkonversi CO menjadi CO2 agar tidak meracuni katalis dalam sel bahan bakar. Selanjutnya pada model reactor dengan distribusi terbaik, karakteristik cold start up ditelaah lebih mendalam melalui teknik reaksi kimia tak tunak. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa start up pada shift converter dapat dilakukan dalam waktu yang sangat singkat yang menunjukkan bahwa secara praktis unit reactor mikro ini dapat diterapkan.Kata kunci : reactor mikro, pemodelan dan simulasi, shift converter, miniaturisasi