bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Trajectory Mapping Technique for the Visualization and Analysis of Three-Dimensional Flow in Supercell Storms
Authors: Betten Daniel P. , Biggerstaff Michael I. , Wicker Louis J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA visualization technique that allows simultaneous spatial analysis of complex flow behavior from thousands of Lagrangian trajectories is presented and tested using a high temporal and spatial resolution cloud model. The utility of the trajectory mapping technique is illustrated by showing that the source height of the air trajectories is a good proxy to the model-derived equivalent potential temperature. Moreover, the history of the forcing of vertical momentum is related to instantaneous vertical motion patterns shown to be elucidated in the trajectory mapping framework. The robustness of the trajectory mapping method was evaluated by integrating tendency terms and comparing Lagrangian-derived quantities to instantaneous values in the model. The original trajectory maps were also compared to those where the original fields have been filtered and/or the available data frequency are limited to the spatial and temporal scales typical of research radar datasets. The trajectory mapping method was applied to a supercell observed on 29 May 2004 to demonstrate that trajectory behavior for the observed case compares well to those from the higher-resolution numerical model output.
Violent and Non-Violent Political Islam in a Global Context
Authors: Bonino Stefano 
Published: November 2016

The role played by Islamism, or political Islam, in the contemporary world holds the key to understanding current geopolitical tensions both within the Muslim world and between the West and the Muslim world. This article centres on four books that explore some violent and non-violent manifestations of political Islam and offer analyses of the Islamic State, al-Qa’eda, the Muslim Brotherhood and, more generally, Salafi-jihadism. Political Islam considers Islam to be a totalising entity that should shape the contours of society, culture, politics and the law – that is, it ideally seeks to achieve unity of state and religion ( din wa-dawla). It expresses itself in multiple, and at times interlinked, ways that can encompass, among many others, a largely non-violent gradualist approach to power (Muslim Brotherhood), global terrorist action (al-Qa’eda) and sectarian warfare combined with territorial control and state-building (Islamic State). The aim of this article is to capture some of the multifarious ways in which political Islam manifests itself with the aid of the four books under review. Holbrook D (2014) The Al-Qaeda Doctrine: The Framing and Evolution of the Leadership’s Public Discourse. New York: Bloomsbury. Pantucci R (2015) ‘We Love Death as You Love Life’: Britain’s Suburban Terrorists. London: Hurst. Vidino L (2010) The New Muslim Brotherhood in the West. New York: Columbia University Press. Weiss M and Hassan H (2015) ISIS: Inside the Army of Terror. New York: Regan Arts.
Four-corner arthrodesis employing the native scaphoid as the principal donor graft for advanced collapse deformity of the wrist: technique and outcomes
Authors: Koehler S. M. , Melone C. P. 
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this study was to determine the functional, radiographic, and subjective outcome of the authors’ technique of four-corner arthrodesis using the en bloc excised scaphoid as the principal donor bone graft coupled with Kirschner wire fixation. The study comprised 40 consecutive patients with progressive Stage II and III scapholunate advanced collapse or scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse deformities. Preoperative and postoperative range of motion, grip strength, carpal height, and Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire responses were assessed with a mean follow-up of 4.4 years. At an average of 7 weeks, all patients demonstrated radiographic fusion. Moreover, postoperatively, improvement in the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire domains of overall function, activities of daily living, work performance, pain, and satisfaction were statistically significant. Complications were few and no patient required revision surgery. In this study, the authors’ technique results in a reliable four-corner arthrodesis with a low expectation of complications or revision surgery. Level of evidence: IV
TWOC around the clock: a multimodal approach to improving catheter care
Authors: Dawson Carolyn H , Gallo Melanie , Prevc Kate 
Published: November 2016

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are the second-largest group of healthcare-associated infections (HCAI). The Saving Lives Urinary Catheter Care Bundle was introduced to reduce catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI). In response, we implemented a catheter care group to examine ways to improve catheter care in an acute hospital NHS Trust. Methods: We adopted a multimodal approach, revolving around four components: (1) Catheter Care Pathway; (2) HOUDINI checklist; (3) catheter magnets; and (4) use of bladder ultrasound scanners. Results: The yearly CAUTI prevalence survey showed an annual reduction in CAUTI from 2012–2013 to 2014–2015 (3.5% to 2.4%). Evaluations of the multimodal approach have highlighted limitations, leading to priorities being established around provision of tools, education, and use of measurement and feedback. Conclusions: Our multimodal approach demonstrates CAUTI rate improvements are achievable, directly benefiting patients. However, long-term maintenance of multimodal components is required to ensure sustained benefit. Engagement and accountability have emerged as significant challenges to the effectiveness and longevity of the catheter care group. We suggest greater emphasis on such challenges if long-term national or international improvement is to be achieved.
Development and Testing of a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Resource for Children’s Dental Anxiety
Authors: Porritt J. , Rodd H. , Morgan A. , Williams C. , Gupta E. , Kirby J. , Creswell C. , Newton T. , Stevens K. , Baker S. , Prasad S. , Marshman Z. 
Published: November 2016

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is an evidence-based treatment for dental anxiety; however, access to therapy is limited. The current study aimed to develop a self-help CBT resource for reducing dental anxiety in children, and to assess the feasibility of conducting a trial to evaluate the treatment efficacy and cost-effectiveness of such an intervention. A mixed methods design was employed. Within phase 1, a qualitative “person-based” approach informed the development of the self-help CBT resource. This also employed guidelines for the development and evaluation of complex interventions. Within phase 2, children, aged between 9 and 16 y, who had elevated self-reported dental anxiety and were attending a community dental service or dental hospital, were invited to use the CBT resource. Children completed questionnaires, which assessed their dental anxiety and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) prior to and following their use of the resource. Recruitment and completion rates were recorded. Acceptability of the CBT resource was explored using interviews and focus groups with children, parents/carers and dental professionals. For this analysis, the authors adhered to the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool criteria. There were 24 families and 25 dental professionals participating in the development and qualitative evaluation of the CBT resource for children with dental anxiety. A total of 56 children agreed to trial the CBT resource (66% response rate) and 48 of these children completed the study (86% completion rate). There was a significant reduction in dental anxiety (mean score difference = 7.7, t = 7.9, df = 45, P < 0.001, Cohen’s d ES = 1.2) and an increase in HRQoL following the use of the CBT resource (mean score difference = -0.03, t = 2.14, df = 46, P < 0.05, Cohen’s d ES = 0.3). The self-help approach had high levels of acceptability to stakeholders. These findings provide preliminary evidence for the effectiveness and acceptability of the resource in reducing dental anxiety in children and support the further evaluation of this approach in a randomized control trial. Knowledge Transfer Statement: This study details the development of a guided self-help Cognitive Behavioral Therapy resource for the management of dental anxiety in children and provides preliminary evidence for the feasibility and acceptability of this approach with children aged between 9 and 16 y. The results of this study will inform the design of a definitive trial to examine the treatment- and cost-effectiveness of the resource for reducing dental anxiety in children.
Evaluating tools for transcription factor binding site prediction
Authors: Jayaram Narayan , Usvyat Daniel , R. Martin Andrew C. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Background
Binding of transcription factors to transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) is key to the mediation of transcriptional regulation. Information on experimentally validated functional TFBSs is limited and consequently there is a need for accurate prediction of TFBSs for gene annotation and in applications such as evaluating the effects of single nucleotide variations in causing disease. TFBSs are generally recognized by scanning a position weight matrix (PWM) against DNA using one of a number of available computer programs. Thus we set out to evaluate the best tools that can be used locally (and are therefore suitable for large-scale analyses) for creating PWMs from high-throughput ChIP-Seq data and for scanning them against DNA.

Results
We evaluated a set of de novo motif discovery tools that could be downloaded and installed locally using ENCODE-ChIP-Seq data and showed that rGADEM was the best-performing tool. TFBS prediction tools used to scan PWMs against DNA fall into two classes — those that predict individual TFBSs and those that identify clusters. Our evaluation showed that FIMO and MCAST performed best respectively.

Conclusions
Selection of the best-performing tools for generating PWMs from ChIP-Seq data and for scanning PWMs against DNA has the potential to improve prediction of precise transcription factor binding sites within regions identified by ChIP-Seq experiments for gene finding, understanding regulation and in evaluating the effects of single nucleotide variations in causing disease.
Preclinical models for obesity research
Authors: Barrett Perry , Mercer Julian G. , Morgan Peter J. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
A multi-dimensional strategy to tackle the global obesity epidemic requires an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms that underlie this complex condition. Much of the current mechanistic knowledge has arisen from preclinical research performed mostly, but not exclusively, in laboratory mouse and rat strains. These experimental models mimic certain aspects of the human condition and its root causes, particularly the over-consumption of calories and unbalanced diets. As with human obesity, obesity in rodents is the result of complex gene–environment interactions. Here, we review the traditional monogenic models of obesity, their contemporary optogenetic and chemogenetic successors, and the use of dietary manipulations and meal-feeding regimes to recapitulate the complexity of human obesity. We critically appraise the strengths and weaknesses of these different models to explore the underlying mechanisms, including the neural circuits that drive behaviours such as appetite control. We also discuss the use of these models for testing and screening anti-obesity drugs, beneficial bio-actives, and nutritional strategies, with the goal of ultimately translating these findings for the treatment of human obesity.
Dosimetric factors predicting radiation pneumonitis after CyberKnife stereotactic body radiotherapy for peripheral lung cancer
Authors: Nakamura Masaki , Nishimura Hideki , Nakayama Masao , Mayahara Hiroshi , Uezono Haruka , Harada Aya , Hashimoto Naoki , Ejima Yasuo , Ishihara Takeaki , Sasaki Ryohei 
Published: November 2016

Objective:
The aims of this study were to investigate the frequency of symptomatic radiation pneumonitis (RP) after CyberKnife lung stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and to evaluate predictive factors of symptomatic RP.

Methods:
56 patients with peripheral non-small-cell lung cancer were treated using the CyberKnife® VSI™ System (Accuracy Inc., Sunnyvale, CA) between May 2013 and September 2015. Total radiation doses ranged from 48 to 56 Gy, as delivered in four equal fractions. Symptomatic RP was defined as a grade of ≥2. Predictive factors for symptomatic RP were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results:
With a median follow-up duration of 12.5 months (range, 3–27 months), symptomatic RP was observed in 6 (10.7%) of the 56 patients. In the univariate analysis, percent vital capacity (p &lt; 0.05), maximum tumour diameter (p &lt; 0.05), gross tumour volume (p &lt; 0.05), planning target volume (p &lt; 0.01), mean lung dose (p &lt; 0.01) and a normal lung volume receiving 5–50 Gy of radiation (V 5–50) (p &lt; 0.01) were identified as significant predictive factors for symptomatic RP. In the multivariate analysis, only a V 25 &gt;3.4% (p = 0.011) was identified as a significant predictive factor of symptomatic RP.

Conclusion:
The incidence of symptomatic RP after CyberKnife SBRT was almost identical to the incidences reported in the linear accelerator-based SBRT. A significant association was observed between a V 25 &gt;3.4% and the risk of developing symptomatic RP.

Advances in knowledge:
This is the first report that has investigated prognostic factors for symptomatic RP after CyberKnife SBRT for lung cancer. The newly developed scoring system may help to predict symptomatic RP.
Prominent cortical and medullary veins on susceptibility-weighted images of acute ischaemic stroke
Authors: Payabvash Seyedmehdi , Benson John C , Taleb Shayandokht , Rykken Jeffrey B , Hoffman Benjamin , Oswood Mark C , McKinney Alexander M 
Published: November 2016

Objective:
To determine the clinical and imaging implications of prominent cortical and medullary veins on susceptibility-weighted images (SWI) of patients with acute stroke.

Methods:
Consecutive patients with acute ischaemic stroke who had SWI scan within 24 h of symptom onset or time last-seen-well were included. The SWI series were reviewed for the presence of prominent cortical and medullary veins and were graded independently by two neuroradiologists. The correlations between prominent vein grades with different imaging and clinical variables were determined.

Results:
Among 213 patients, prominent SWI cortical and medullary veins were identified in 35 (16.4%) patients and 20 (9.4%) patients, respectively. There was fair interobserver agreement (k = 0.314–0.338, p ≤ 0.001) for grading, and moderate agreement (k = 0.406–0.413, p ≤ 0.001) for the presence of prominent veins. Both prominent cortical and medullary veins were associated with the presence of arterial occlusion (rho = 0.232, p = 0.001; rho = 0.180, p = 0.008; respectively) and larger infarct volume (rho = 0.445, p &lt; 0.001; rho = 0.167, p = 0.015; respectively). However, neither cortical nor medullary cortical veins were associated with the severity of symptoms at admission or clinical outcome. Prominent cortical veins were independent predictors of arterial occlusion (p = 0.018), whereas prominent medullary veins were more strongly associated with larger infarct volumes (p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion:
There were small but significant correlations between cortical and medullary veins on SWI with arterial occlusion and large infarct volume in acute ischaemic stroke.

Advances in knowledge:
In consecutive patients with acute ischaemic stroke within anterior and posterior circulation territories, prominent cortical and medullary veins on SWI series are associated with imaging biomarkers of poor clinical outcome (i.e. large infarct volume and major arterial occlusion).
Paulownia Tomentosa, a Fast Growing Timber
Authors: Icka Pirro , Damo Robert , Icka Engjëllushe 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The fast growing woody crops are a very important source for the generation of the bioenergetics biomass. Paulownia sp. Is a plant part of this group, and because of its fast growth, multiple values and high adaptability with climate conditions, is set recently in the centre of the intention. Paulownia is one of the fastest growing species in the world with low concentration of ash, sulphur and nitrogen and high calorific energy from its wood. It is considered as an energetic crop adequate for the production of the solid biocarburants and the bioethanol. The cultivation of the Paulownia because of the high absorption of CO2 from the air, to support the fast growth of the biomass, is considered as an effective mean to soften the climacteric changes. The plant is also considered as suitable to improve the abandoned lands when its cultivation is concentrated to the biomass production. The genus of Paulownia (Scrophulariaceae) is autochthones species of China and East Asia and as such is not found naturally in Albania. To study the regionalization possibilities of this species in the Korça climacteric conditions, aiming its cultivation according the fast growth coppice system were planted in 2014 in Cangonj (Devoll) 300 seedlings of P. tomentosa in a distance of 1 x 1 m. during the year 2015 were planted other 400 seedlings prepared with seeds. This article deals with the preliminary data of the regionalization performance of this high energetic value crop.
Technology to Maintain the Apple Orchards in Bearing to Increase the Quantity and Quality of Fruit
Authors: Morarita Sinziana Venera 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Increasing the quantity and quality of fruit is only achieved with maximum efficiency using natural conditions, economic and optimal application of modern technologies relevant to each area of culture.
Modern technologies of culture ensures high yields of fruit of superior quality at lower costs when used judiciously tree species and varieties, crop systems adapted to the new economic social conditions, mechanization, irrigation, chemical processing and other agro-technical measures.
The Influence of Meteorological Phenomena “Frozen Rain” on the Forestry Vegetation. Case Study: Maierus Forest Dept., Brasov County (Romania)
Authors: Murarescu Ovidiu , Cosac Aurelia Corina , Vidroiu Ioan-Daniel 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Liquid precipitation that freezes on contact with the surface of the underlying components represent a major risk meteorological phenomena affecting, among other things, the high proportion, forest vegetation. The phenomen occurs with a relatively high frequency, every few years, depending on specific mechanisms aggregation on atmospheric physics, needed to its genesis. Affected areas suffer significant changes in structure and composition of forest vegetation. Such a phenomen it was in the first decade of December 2014 on the northern slopes Persani Mountains and it affects an area of 2691.6 hectares of the Măieruş Forest Dept., in Brasov county, resulting 1.84486 million lei ( equivalent to approx. 412,000 euros) damages. Reducing the negative effects on the environment depends on how the administration made the harvesting of downed timber and reforestation of affected areas.
Dissimilarities Detections in Texts
Using Symbol n-grams and Word Histograms
Authors: Andrejková Gabriela , Almarimi Abdulwahed 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Texts (books, novels, papers, short messages)
are sequences of sentences, words or symbols. Each author
has an unique writing style. It can be characterized
by some collection of attributes obtained from texts. The
text verification is the case of an authorship verification
where we have some text and we analyze if all parts of this
textwere written by the same (unknown or known) author.
In this paper, there are analyzed and compared results of
two developed methods for a text verification based on ngrams
of symbols and on local histograms of words. The
results of a symbol n-gram method and a method of word
histograms for a dissimilarities searching in text parts of
each text are analyzed and evaluated. The searched dissimilarities
call for an attention to the text (or not) if the
text parts were written by the same author or not. The attention
depends on selected parameters prepared in experiments.
Results illustrate usability of the methods to
dissimilarities searching in text parts.
„in ehrfurcht hingerücket“
Authors: Ahrens Moritz 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
As a case study, this article discusses the challenge for scholarly editors in dealing with ‘meaningful’ typographical disruptions as a specific of a text’s materiality. Analysing a text passage of an elegy of the 18th century author Ludwig Heinrich Nicolay that shows an extraordinary blank space makes clear, that there might be crucial material details to be aware of and to deliberate when editing historical printed publications. By questioning the systematic function of the blank space itself and bearing in mind both the context of the text’s literary history and the conditions of its technical production by typesetting, it can be argued that this blank space not only has to be considered and documented but also reproduced in the text of the critical edition. The final reflections concentrate on the ways to ‘communicate’ the editor’s decision and action to the reader and user of the edition.
Maschinenlesbar – menschenlesbar
Authors: Ralle Inga Hanna 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Based on her own experience with the digital edition of the diaries of Duke August of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (project: Selbstzeugnisse der Frühen Neuzeit in der Herzog August Bibliothek) the author describes how the digital medium influences the scholarly edition, its scientific nature and its basic strategy. This paper compares and describes two concepts of how a scholarly edition of texts can be designed. Paper-based und digital editions are considered with a different understanding of their purpose and with two basic objectives. One brings into focus the machine-reading of data and the other one concentrates on a text to be read by people. This article discusses both options, focusing specifically on the benefits and disadvantages. Suggestions for basis exigencies of critical scholarly editions are presented as a result of comparing the two concepts.
Die Wittgenstein-Editionen im Kontext
Authors: Erbacher Christian 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This article discusses the idea as well as the first aspects of a contextual study of the history of editing Wittgenstein’s writings. At least for the first round of the editorial history, which consists in the editorial work of Wittgenstein’s original literary heirs, a contextual approach has close affinities with the genre of intellectual biography. Results from recent research illustrate how the personal experiences of having been with Wittgenstein influenced the literary executors’ understanding of their task and their editorial practices. In addition, biographical, philosophical and cultural developments after Wittgenstein’s death have influenced the appearance of editions from Wittgenstein’s ‚Nachlass‘. Finally, a contextual history of the first round may be used in highlighting the changing academic, political and technological conditions for the subsequent rounds of editing Wittgenstein.