bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for Fouling Biomass: Evidence from Small Vessels in Australia
Authors: Hollings Tracey , Lane Stephen E. , Hayes Keith R. , McEnnulty Felicity R. , Green Mark , Georgiades Eugene , Robinson Andrew P. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractInvasive marine non-indigenous species are a major threat to marine biodiversity and marine related industries. Recreational vessels are recognised as an important vector of non-indigenous species translocation, particularly the secondary translocation of species domestically.This paper reports on a novel application of multilevel modelling and multiple imputation to biomass samples gathered from the hull and other external surfaces of recreational yachts and fishing vessels in order to quantify the relationship between the wet biomass of biofouling and vessel-level characteristics. Unsurprisingly, we find that the number of days since the vessel was last cleaned was strongly related to the wet weight of biomass. The number of days since the vessel was last used was also related to the wet weight of biomass, yet differed depending on the vessel type. Similarly, the median number of trips undertaken by the vessel was related to the wet weight of biomass, and varied according to the type of antifouling paint used by the vessel. The relationship between vessel size, as measured by hull surface area, and wet weight biomass per sample unit area was not significant.In order to reduce the international and domestic spread of invasive species, small vessel owners should use an appropriate type of antifouling paint that suits their vessel’s operational profile, and be encouraged to maintain a maintenance
Finding decodable information that is read out in behaviour
Authors: Grootswagers Tijl , Cichy Radoslaw M. , Carlson Thomas A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMultivariate decoding methods applied to neuroimaging data have become the standard in cognitive neuroscience for unravelling statistical dependencies between brain activation patterns and experimental conditions. The current challenge is to demonstrate that information decoded as such by the experimenter is in fact used by the brain itself to guide behaviour. Here we demonstrate a promising approach to do so in the context of neural activation during object perception and categorisation behaviour. We first localised decodable information about visual objects in the human brain using a spatially-unbiased multivariate decoding analysis. We then related brain activation patterns to behaviour using a machine-learning based extension of signal detection theory. We show that while there is decodable information about visual category throughout the visual brain, only a subset of those representations predicted categorisation behaviour, located mainly in anterior ventral temporal cortex. Our results have important implications for the interpretation of neuroimaging studies, highlight the importance of relating decoding results to behaviour, and suggest a suitable methodology towards this aim.
Lattice defects induce microtubule self-renewal
Authors: Schaedel Laura , Chrétien Denis , Aumeier Charlotte , Gaillard Jérémie , Blanchoin Laurent , Théry Manuel , John Karin 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTThe dynamic instability of microtubules is powered by the addition and removal of tubulin dimers at the ends of the microtubule. Apart from the end, the microtubule shaft is not considered to be dynamic. However recent evidence suggests that free dimers can be incorporated into the shaft of a microtubule damaged by mechanical stress. Here we explored whether dimer exchange was a core property of the microtubule lattice independently of any external constraint. We found that dimers can be removed from and incorporated into the lattice at sites along the microtubule shaft. Furthermore, we showed by experiment and by modeling that rapid dimer renewal requires structural defects in the lattice, which occur in fast growing microtubules. Hence long-lived microtubules have the capacity to self-renew despite their apparent stability and thereby can potentially regulate signaling pathways and structural rearrangements associated with tubulin-dimer exchange at sites along their entire length.
Ambition meets reality: lessons from the taro boom in Nicaragua
Authors: Donovan Jason , Poole Nigel , Poe Keith , Herrera-Arauz Ingrid 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
Between 2006 and 2011, Nicaragua shipped an average of US$9.4 million per year of smallholder-produced fresh taro (Colocasia esculenta) to the USA; however, by 2016, the US market for Nicaraguan taro had effectively collapsed. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the short-lived taro boom from the perspective of complex adaptive systems, showing how shocks, interactions between value chain actors, and lack of adaptive capacity among chain actors together contributed to the collapse of the chain.

Design/methodology/approach
Primary data were collected from businesses and smallholders in 2010 and 2016 to understand the actors involved, their business relations, and the benefits and setbacks they experienced along the way.

Findings
The results show the capacity of better-off smallholders to engage in a demanding market, but also the struggles faced by more vulnerable smallholders to build new production systems and respond to internal and external shocks. Local businesses were generally unprepared for the uncertainties inherent in fresh horticultural trade or for engagement with distant buyers.

Research limitations/implications
Existing guides and tools for designing value chain interventions will benefit from greater attention to the circumstances of local actors and the challenges of building productive inter-business relations under higher levels of risk and uncertainty.

Originality/value
This case serves as a wake-up call for practitioners, donors, researchers, and the private sector on how to identify market opportunities and the design of more robust strategies to respond to them.
Killing the goose? The value chain for sorghum beer in Kenya
Authors: Orr Alastair 
Published: January 2018

PurposeThe decision by the Government of Kenya in 2013 to increase tax revenue by imposing excise duty of 50 percent on sorghum beer resulted in economic losses for smallholders, the brewery, and the government itself because it effectively killed the value chain. In 2015, the government reversed the policy decision and reduced excise duty to 10 percent. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of this policy decision on the value chain, adaptation by growers and the brewery, and the rationale for this policy change and its reversal.Design/methodology/approachThe author analyzes this episode using a conceptual framework derived from complex adaptive systems, focusing on four properties of such systems: sudden, endogenous shocks, interacting agents, and adaptation.FindingsThe author shows how the nature of politics in Kenya exposed the value chain to endogenous shocks as the result of conflicts between interacting agents, where smallholder farmer organizations were important for successful adaptation. Conflicts between development and political objectives in neo-patrimonial states are sources of complexity and uncertainty in smallholder value chains.Research limitations/implicationsComplex adaptive systems proved a useful framework to understand decision making by government and business actors in the value chain.Originality/valueThe paper applies a novel conceptual framework to the analysis of an important value chain in Kenya.
Introduction to special issue: smallholder value chains as complex adaptive systems
Authors: Orr Alastair , Donovan Jason 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new conceptual framework for smallholder value chains based on complex adaptive systems.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors review the application of the framework to three case studies and explore their implications. The authors reflect on the value of a framework based on complex adaptive systems compared to alternative frameworks.

Findings
The authors argue that the dynamics of smallholder value chains have received insufficient attention.

Research limitations/implications
By focusing on these dynamics and on the capacity for adaptation among value chain actors the framework provides a new perspective on smallholder value chains.

Originality/value
Complex adaptive systems provide a useful framework for analyzing value chain dynamics.
Primary scarring alopecia: A retrospective study of 89 patients in Taiwan
Authors: Su Hsing‐Jou , Cheng An‐Yu , Liu Cheng‐Han , Chu Chia‐Bau , Lee Chaw‐Ning , Hsu Chao‐Kai , Lee Julia Yu‐Yun , Yang Chao‐Chun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPrimary scarring alopecia (PSA) is caused by irreversible damage to the hair epithelial stem cells that reside in hair follicles. There is limited published work regarding PSA amongst the Asian population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical features and to characterize the subtypes of PSA in southern Taiwan. In this retrospective case series, we reviewed 89 patients with pathology‐confirmed PSA. The data was collected from National Cheng Kung University Hospital between 1988 through 2016. The clinical and histological data were reviewed, and the patients were characterized into different subtypes of PSA based on the clinical features and histological findings. We noted seven different subtypes of PSA. The most common type was dissecting cellulitis (DC) (30.3%), followed by lichen planopilaris (LPP) (23.5%), central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA) (12.4%) and acne keloidalis nuchae (AKN) (12.4%). The other subtypes include folliculitis decalvans (FD), discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) and pseudopelade of Brocq (PPB). Interestingly, FD, DC and AKN were more common in males, while CCCA, LPP, DLE and PPB had a female predominance. The mean age of patients with DLE, DC and AKN were younger, while patients with CCCA, LPP, PPB and FD tend to be older. The pattern of hair loss was more likely to be unifocal‐ragged border in CCCA and DLE, multifocal‐interconnected in LPP and FD, and multifocal‐separated in DC. The pathogenesis of PSA may be influenced by sex, age and genetic background. It is important to identify the hair loss pattern to differentiate the subtypes of PSA.
Thermal limits in native and alien freshwater peracarid Crustacea: The role of habitat use and oxygen limitation
Authors: Verberk Wilco C. E. P. , Leuven Rob S. E. W. , van der Velde Gerard , Gabel Friederike 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

In order to predict which species can successfully cope with global warming and how other environmental stressors modulate their vulnerability to climate‐related environmental factors, an understanding of the ecophysiology underpinning thermal limits is essential for both conservation biology and invasion biology.

Heat tolerance and the extent to which heat tolerance differed with oxygen availability were examined for four native and four alien freshwater peracarid crustacean species, with differences in habitat use across species. Three hypotheses were tested: (1) Heat and lack of oxygen synergistically reduce survival of species; (2) patterns in heat tolerance and the modulation thereof by oxygen differ between alien and native species and between species with different habitat use; (3) small animals can better tolerate heat than large animals, and this difference is more pronounced under hypoxia.

To assess heat tolerances under different oxygen levels, animal survival was monitored in experimental chambers in which the water temperature was ramped up (0.25°C min−1). Heat tolerance (CTmax) was scored as the cessation of all pleopod movement, and heating trials were performed under hypoxia (5 kPa oxygen), normoxia (20 kPa) and hyperoxia (60 kPa).

Heat tolerance differed across species as did the extent by which heat tolerance was affected by oxygen conditions. Heat‐tolerant species, for example, Asellus aquaticus and Crangonyx pseudogracilis, showed little response to oxygen conditions in their CTmax, whereas the CTmax of heat‐sensitive species, for example, Dikerogammarus villosus and Gammarus fossarum, was more plastic, being increased by hyperoxia and reduced by hypoxia.

In contrast to other studies on crustaceans, alien species were not more heat‐tolerant than native species. Instead, differences in heat tolerance were best explained by habitat use, with species from standing waters being heat tolerant and species from running waters being heat sensitive. In addition, larger animals displayed lower critical maximum temperature, but only under hypoxia. An analysis of data available in the literature on metabolic responses of the study species to temperature and oxygen conditions suggests that oxygen conformers and species whose oxygen demand rapidly increases with temperature (low activation energy) may be more heat sensitive.

The alien species D. villosus appeared most susceptible to hypoxia and heat stress. This may explain why this species is very successful in colonizing new areas in littoral zones with rocky substrate which are well aerated due to continuous wave action generated by passing ships or prevailing winds. This species is less capable of spreading to other waters which are poorly oxygenated and where C. pseudogracilis is the more likely dominant alien species.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
Development and initial validity of the in‐hand manipulation assessment
Authors: Klymenko Gabrielle , Liu Karen P. Y. , Bissett Michelle , Fong Kenneth N. K. , Welage Nandana , Wong Rebecca S. M. 
Published: January 2018

Background/aimA review of the literature related to in‐hand manipulation (IHM) revealed that there is no assessment which specifically measures this construct in the adult population. This study reports the face and content validity of an IHM assessment for adults with impaired hand function based on expert opinion.MethodsThe definition of IHM skills, assessment tasks and scoring methods identified from literature was discussed in a focus group (n = 4) to establish face validity. An expert panel (n = 16) reviewed the content validity of the proposed assessment; evaluating the representativeness and relevance of encompassing the IHM skills in the proposed assessment tasks, the clarity and importance to daily life of the task and the clarity and applicability to clinical environment of the scoring method. The content validity was calculated using the content validity index for both the individual task and all tasks together (I‐CVI and S‐CVI). Feedback was incorporated to create the assessment.ResultsThe focus group members agreed to include 10 assessment tasks that covered all IHM skills. In the expert panel review, all tasks received an I‐CVI above 0.78 and S‐CVI above 0.80 in representativeness and relevance ratings, representing good content validity. With the comments from the expert panel, tasks were modified to improve the clarity and importance to daily life. A four‐point Likert scale was identified for assessing both the completion of the assessment tasks and the quality of IHM skills within the task performance.ConclusionFace and content validity were established in this new IHM assessment. Further studies to examine psychometric properties and use within clinical practice are recommended.
Familiar communication partners’ facilitation of topic management in conversations with individuals with dementia
Authors: Hall Karinna , Lind Christopher , Young Jessica A. , Okell Elise , van Steenbrugge Willem 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundLanguage and memory impairments affect everyday interactions between individuals with dementia and their communication partners. Impaired topic management, which compromises individuals’ construction of relevant, meaningful discourse, is commonly reported amongst individuals with dementia. Currently, limited empirical evidence describes the sequential patterns of behaviour comprising topic‐management practices in everyday conversation between individuals with dementia and their communication partners.AimsTo describe the sequential patterns of behaviour relating to the manifestation of topic‐management impairments and facilitative behaviours in everyday interactions between individuals with dementia and their familiar communication partners (FCPs).Methods & ProceduresThree 20‐min conversations between individuals with moderate to severe dementia and their FCPs were recorded. Conversation Analysis was used to examine sequences in which topic‐management appeared to be impaired.Outcomes & ResultsConversational behaviours that reflected a difficulty in contributing on‐topic talk were pervasive in the talk of the three individuals with dementia. FCPs responded to these conversational difficulties by using two categories of facilitative behaviours. The first involved responding to an individual with dementia's explicit repair‐initiation by performing repair. In the second category, explicit repair‐initiation was absent; instead, the distance of the conversational difficulty from the prior topic‐shifting turn mediated the form and outcome of the FCPs’ facilitative behaviours. Each category successfully facilitated the individual with dementia to contribute on‐topic talk.Conclusions & ImplicationsThe findings contribute to a growing understanding of topic‐management abilities in everyday interactions involving individuals with dementia. Individuals with dementia took a proactive role in eliciting topic‐management support. The FCPs responded with turns that facilitated the individuals with dementia to talk on‐topic. Clinically, the results support and extend the current topic‐management recommendations available in communication partner training programmes, and promote conversations which attend to the personhood of the individual with dementia.
Looking Forward, Looking Back: British Journal of Management 2000–2015
Authors: Evanschitzky Heiner , Goergen Marc 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis paper reflects on 16 years of the British Journal of Management (BJM) and discusses what the future holds. The paper analyses publication statistics and submission figures, as well as Special Interest Group (SIG) affiliation of submissions over the more recent period of 2007–2015. It is found that human resource management has a clear dominance among the SIGs. Other fields that are well represented include strategy, work psychology, corporate governance and performance management. The paper also highlights that submissions to BJM are predominantly made by UK‐based authors, possibly reflecting the concentration of UK‐based academics among the pool of associate editors and the editorial board members.
Effects of Playback Theatre on cognitive function and quality of life in older adults in Singapore: A preliminary study
Authors: Chung Krystal Shu Yi , Lee Eleena Shi Lynn , Tan Jia Qi , Teo Dylan Jin Hao , Lee Chris Ban Loong , Ee Sharifah Rose , Sim Sam Kim Yang , Chee Chew Sim 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveThis study investigated the effects of Playback Theatre on older adults’ cognitive function and well‐being, specifically in the Singapore context.MethodsEighteen healthy older adults, older than 50 years of age, participated in the study. Due to practical limitations, a single‐group pre–post study design was adopted. Participants completed the outcome measures before and after the training program. There were six weekly sessions in total (about 1.5 hours, once weekly).ResultsParticipants experienced a significant improvement in their emotional well‐being after training. However, there were no significant changes in participants’ cognitive function or health‐related quality of life.ConclusionOur results suggest that Playback Theatre as a community program has potential to improve the mental and emotional well‐being of older people.
Editorial: direct‐acting antivirals significantly improve quality of life in patients with hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Sanagapalli S. , Danta M. 
Published: January 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Younossi et al and Younossi papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14423 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14481.
Letter: more studies are needed to elucidate the impact of HBV/HCV coinfection on cirrhosis and its consequences—Authors’ reply
Authors: Pol S. , Haour G. , Fontaine H. , Dorival C. , Carrat F. ,   on the behalf of the French ANRS C022 Hepather Cohort
Published: January 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Pol et al and Huang et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14352 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14445.
Editorial: tofacitinib and biologics for moderate‐to‐severe ulcerative colitis—what is best in class?
Authors: Tsai H. H. 
Published: January 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Bonovas et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14449 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14486.
The impact of diuretic use and ABCG2 genotype on the predictive performance of a published allopurinol dosing tool
Authors: Wright Daniel F. B. , Dalbeth Nicola , Phipps‐Green Amanda J. , Merriman Tony R. , Barclay Murray L. , Drake Jill , Tan Paul , Horne Anne , Stamp Lisa K. 
Published: January 2018

AimThis research aims to evaluate the predictive performance of a published allopurinol dosing tool.MethodsAllopurinol dose predictions were compared to the actual dose required to achieve serum urate (SU) <0.36 mmol l−1 using mean prediction error. The influence of patient factors on dose predictions was explored using multilinear regression.ResultsAllopurinol doses were overpredicted by the dosing tool; however, this was minimal in patients without diuretic therapy (MPE 63 mg day−1, 95% CI 40–87) compared to those receiving diuretics (MPE 295 mg day−1, 95% CI 260–330, P < 0.0001). ABCG2 genotype (rs2231142, G>T) had an important impact on the dose predictions (MPE 201, 107, 15 mg day−1 for GG, GT and TT, respectively, P < 0.0001). Diuretic use and ABCG2 genotype explained 53% of the variability in prediction error (R2 = 0.53, P = 0.0004).ConclusionsThe dosing tool produced acceptable maintenance dose predictions for patients not taking diuretics. Inclusion of ABCG2 genotype and a revised adjustment for diuretics would further improve the performance of the dosing tool.
Social work, poverty, and child welfare interventions
Authors: Morris Kate , Mason Will , Bywaters Paul , Featherstone Brid , Daniel Brigid , Brady Geraldine , Bunting Lisa , Hooper Jade , Mirza Nughmana , Scourfield Jonathan , Webb Calum 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe relationship between children's material circumstances and child abuse and neglect raises a series of questions for policy, practice, and practitioners. Children and families in poverty are significantly more likely to be the subject of state intervention. This article, based on a unique mixed‐methods study of social work interventions and the influence of poverty, highlights a narrative from practitioners that argues that, as many poor families do not harm their children, it is stigmatizing to discuss a link between poverty and child abuse and neglect. The data reveal that poverty has become invisible in practice, in part justified by avoiding stigma but also because of a lack of up‐to‐date research knowledge and investment by some social workers in an “underclass” discourse. We argue, in light of the evidence that poverty is a contributory factor in the risk of harm, that it is vital that social work engages with the evidence and in critical reflection about intervening in the context of poverty. We identify the need for fresh approaches to the harms children and families face in order to support practices that engage confidently with the consequences of poverty and deprivation.