bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Collaborator's Reputation Can Bias Decisions and Anxiety under Uncertainty
Authors: Qi Song , Footer Owen , Camerer Colin F. , Mobbs Dean 
Published: January 2018

Informational social influence theory posits that under conditions of uncertainty, we are inclined to look to others for advice. This leaves us remarkably vulnerable to being influenced by others' opinions or advice. Rational agents, however, do not blindly seek and act on arbitrary information, but often consider the quality of its source before committing to a course of action. Here, we ask the question of whether a collaborator's reputation can increase their social influence and, in turn, bias perception and anxiety under changing levels of uncertainty. Human male and female participants were asked to provide estimations of dot direction using the random dot motion (RDM) perceptual discrimination task and were paired with transient collaborators of high or low reputation whom provided their own estimations. The RDM varied in degrees of uncertainty and joint performance accuracy was linked to risk of an electric shock. Despite providing identical information, we show that collaborating with a high reputation compared with a low reputation partner, led to significantly more conformity during the RDM task for uncertain perceptual decisions. Consequently, high reputation partners decreased the subjects' anxiety during the anticipatory shock periods. fMRI data showed that parametric changes in conformity resulted in increased activity in the ventromedial PFC, whereas dissent was associated with increased in activity in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). Furthermore, the dACC and insula, regions involved in anticipatory pain, were significantly more active when collaborating with a low reputation partner. These results suggest that information about reputation can influence both cognitive and affective processes and in turn alter the neural circuits that underlie decision-making and emotion.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHumans look to others for advice when making decisions under uncertainty. Rational agents, however, do not blindly seek information, but often consider the quality of its source before committing to a course of action. Here, we ask the question of whether a collaborators' reputation can increase social influence and in turn bias perception and anxiety in the context of perceptual uncertainty. We show that when subjects are partnered with collaborators with a high reputation, this leads to increased conformity during uncertain perceptual decision-making and reduces anxiety when joint performance accuracy leads to an electric shock. Furthermore, our results show that information about reputation alters the neural circuits that underlie decision-making and emotion.
Protecting and Diversifying the Germline
Authors: Gleason Ryan J , Anand Amit , Kai Toshie , Chen Xin 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Gametogenesis represents the most dramatic cellular differentiation pathways in both female and male flies. At the genome level, meiosis ensures that diploid germ cells become haploid gametes. At the epigenome level, extensive changes are required to turn on and shut off gene expression in a precise spatiotemporally controlled manner. Research applying conventional molecular genetics and cell biology, in combination with rapidly advancing genomic tools have helped us to investigate (1) how germ cells maintain lineage specificity throughout their adult reproductive lifetime; (2) what molecular mechanisms ensure proper oogenesis and spermatogenesis, as well as protect genome integrity of the germline; (3) how signaling pathways contribute to germline-soma communication; and (4) if such communication is important. In this chapter, we highlight recent discoveries that have improved our understanding of these questions. On the other hand, restarting a new life cycle upon fertilization is a unique challenge faced by gametes, raising questions that involve intergenerational and transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. Therefore, we also discuss new developments that link changes during gametogenesis to early embryonic development—a rapidly growing field that promises to bring more understanding to some fundamental questions regarding metazoan development.
Mosaic Analysis inDrosophila
Authors: Germani Federico , Bergantinos Cora , Johnston Laura A 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSince the founding of Drosophila genetics by Thomas Hunt Morgan and his colleagues over 100 years ago, the experimental induction of mosaicism has featured prominently in its recognition as an unsurpassed genetic model organism. The use of genetic mosaics has facilitated the discovery of a wide variety of developmental processes, identified specific cell lineages, allowed the study of recessive embryonic lethal mutations, and demonstrated the existence of cell competition. Here, we discuss how genetic mosaicism in Drosophila became an invaluable research tool that revolutionized developmental biology. We describe the prevailing methods used to produce mosaic animals, and highlight advantages and disadvantages of each genetic system. We cover methods ranging from simple “twin-spot” analysis to more sophisticated systems of multicolor labeling.
Rules of Origin in ASEAN+1 Free Trade Agreements on Agriculture Commodity
Authors: Febriningtyas Miranda , Oktaviani Rina , Arifin Amzul 
Published: January 2018

Rules of origin that indirectly serve as trade barriers, thus raising the potential for increased production costs. In agricultural commodities, the rules of origin are primarily determined by wholly-obtained, so the potential for more significant increases in the cost of agricultural products versus other commodities. The purpose of this paper is to compare the restrictiveness index rules of origin in ASEAN + 1 FTAs (ACFTA, AJCEP, and AKFTA) on agricultural commodities. This study uses the Regime Wide Harris Index by Kelleher to calculate the restrictiveness level rules of origin in ASEAN + 1 FTAs. Based on product-specific regulations, AJCEP has the most flexible rules of origin, followed by AKFTA and ACFTA as the most restrictive of origin in ASEAN + 1 FTAs. In the Regime Wide Harris Index, the results show that AJCEP has a flexible origin rule after AKFTA, and ACFTA is the most strict rules of origin in ASEAN + 1 FTAs. These results are influenced by the most substantial diagonal side cumulation in the ACFTA.DOI: 10.15408/sjie/v7i1.6432
A pericardialis tamponád kórélettana, klinikuma és állatkísérletes vizsgálati lehetőségei
Authors: Bari Gábor , Érces Dániel , Varga Gabriella , Szűcs Szilárd , Bogáts Gábor 
Published: January 2018

Abstract: Acute pericardial tamponade is one of the most emergent clinical scenarios in cardiac surgery. With numerous causes in the background, pericardial tamponade can lead to cardiogenic shock and death. In modern diagnostic era, the recognition of pericardial tamponade is simple, but its management and the long-term effects can still be challenging. Without the detailed understanding of the pathophysiological pathways diagnostic and therapeutic management plans of pericardial tamponade is very difficult. The aim of this review was to give a complex picture of pericardial tamponade, from its role in medical history to pathophysiology and its significance in surgical experimental models. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(5): 163–167.
The Authority of Translators
Authors: Høgel Christian 
Published: January 2018

Texts–and the stories and teachings they contained–travelled far along the Silk Road in the hands of merchants, missionaries, monastic communities and many more. The intricate itineraries and the many languages and scripts used on the way have received much attention, and we can therefore follow some of the stages and versions that stories like the Barlaam and Josaphat (as it was known in the West) went through in its long journey from Sanskrit India to e.g. Norse-writing Norway. But in studies of such transfer of texts, translation has mainly been seen as a linguistic enterprise, requiring language skills and linguistic strategies of translators. The present paper aims at involving also material aspects of this process, focusing on the material conditions into which texts were inscribed on the way. The transformation from stringed palm leaves, to single parchment leaves or rolls, and then to bound codices also had an impact on the structure, presentation and symbolic value of these texts. Layout, the place and possibility of illuminations, as well as the portability and physical resilience of the written text all depended on the traditional manners of book production, and these varied immensely over the expanse of the Silk Road. Being authoritative to various degrees in themselves, texts entered, when translated and re-circulated, into a universe of multiple authority holders where translators (in a broad sense) would have to reinvent authoritative presentations of the new text, acting in many ways as vendors of it. This would in itself imply a–brief–authoritative position, comparable to the ‘authority of the seller’ auctoritas venditoris, as expressed in Roman law.
Implementasi Pendekatan Bermain Dalam Pembelajaran Aktivitas Berlari
Authors: Musthofa Bisri 
Published: January 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperbaiki proses pembelajaran PJOK, khususnya pembelajaran aktivitas berlari melalui implementasi pendekatan bermain. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan selama dua siklus. Siklus pertama terdiri atas tiga tindakan, siklus kedua terdiri atas dua tindakan.Setiap siklus dan tindakan dilakukan melalui empat tahapan, yaitu: perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas VII D di SMP Negeri 2 Sindang Kabupaten Indramayu. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi, catatan lapangan, catatan observer, dan catatan hasil diskusi. Jenis data yang diperoleh adalah data kualitatif dan data kuantitatif. Data kualitatif berupa deskripsi kualitatif tentang pelaksanaan tindakan. Data kuantitatif berupa hasil belajar siswa. Teknik analisis data kualitatif digunakan teknik trianggulasi. Teknik analisis data kuantitatif digunakan teknik perhitungan rata-rata. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa (1) peneliti sudah mampu mengimplementasikan model pembelajaran pendekatan bermain dan sudah mampu menghadapi kesulitan ketika pelaksanaan tindakan seperti mengondisikan siswa, menyampaikan materi dengan jelas, menilai hasil belajar siswa., (2) rata-rata hasil belajar siswa menunjukan peningkatan dari mulai tindakan ke 1 (69 afektif, 87 kognitif, 67 psikomotor) sampai dengan tindakan ke 5 (97 afektif, 87 kognitif, 74 psikomotor). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini maka , maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pendekatan bermain dapat diterapkan dan dilaksanakan dalam pembelajaran aktivitas berlari.
Hubungan Antara Pembelajaran Penjas Dengan Perilaku Sosial Siswa (Studi Deskriptif di SMA Negeri 10 Kota Bandung)
Authors: Sofiarini Anna Mariam 
Published: January 2018

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh perilaku sosial siswa yang baik individu maupun beregu masih ada yang belum dapat menyesuaikan diri dengan lingkungannya dalam pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani (penjas). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perilaku sosial dalam pembelajaran penjas dan memperoleh gambaran mengenai hubungan pembelajaran penjas dengan perilaku sosial siswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian deskriptif pada siswa kelas X di SMAN 10 Bandung yang berjumlah 300 siswa, dan untuk sampel yang diambil 20% dari populasi yaitu 60 siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah angket atau kuisioner dan dokumentasi penelitian. Sebelum mengetahui hasil dari penelitiannya diuji angket terlebih dahulu, butir pernyataan yang dibuat sebanyak 50, kemudian setelah diuji angket terdapat pernyataan yang tidak valid sehingga pernyataan yang valid sebanyak 47 butir. Hasil dari penelitian ini didapat jumlah 10.120 dengan rata-rata 168.07 dan simpangan baku 15,04 kemudian untuk uji normalitas didapat Lo 0,48 dengan kesimpulan normal karena Lo < Lt. Hasil uji signifikan koefisien korelasi untuk penelitian ini didapat r 0,86 dengan interpretasi korelasi sangat kuat, sedangkan thitung 12,8 > ttabel 2,00 . Maka keterangan dari hasil ini menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara pembelajaran penjas dengan perilaku sosial siswa.
PENGEMBANGAN PERMAINAN KOLABORATIF DALAM PENDIDIKAN JASMANI DAN OLAHRAGA DI SEKOLAH DASAR UNTUK OPTIMALISASI PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER
Authors: Astuti Yuni , Mardius Ali 
Published: January 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak permainan kolaboratif yang untuk optimalisasi pembentukan karakter siswa di Sekolah Dasar. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian kuantititatif dengan pendekatan yaituexpost facto model kausal komparatif.Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu eksperimental semu yang lebih spesifik yaitu one-group pretest-posttest designSampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu berjumlah sebanyak 65 orang siswa kelas V Sekolah Dasar. Instrument tes yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data yaitu dengan menggunakanangket dengan skala likert. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji – t beda mean.Hasil analisis data ditemukan bahwa permainan kolaboratif memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap optimalisasi pembentukan karaktersiswa di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Kelurahan Balai Gadang Kecamatan Koto Tangah Kota Padang dengan ditemukannya thitung = 34,62 > ttabel = 1,99. Nilai rata-rata tes awal diperoleh 139,55 dan tes akhir 209,83. Artinya terdapat peningkatan sebesar 70,28.
EVALUASI KOMPETENSI PELATIH SEPAKBOLA USIA DINI DI SEKOLAH SEPAKBOLA
Authors: Rohman Ujang 
Published: January 2018

Penelitian ini membahas mengenai evaluasi kompetensi pelatih sepakbola usia dini. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kombinasi (kuantitatif-kualitatif) dengan model evaluasi CIPP. Hasil analisis data diperoleh nilai evaluasi: 1. Context. sebesar 61.66% menunjukkan legalitas keberadaan pelatih perlu dukungan pemerintah dan lembaga terkait (Asosiasi PSSI, KONI dan Asosiasi SSB). 2. Input. sebesar 53.03% menunjukkan pelatih harus memiliki kualifikasi akademik, pengalaman melatih dan kewenangan melatih. 3. Process. Hasil analisis SEM melalui pendekatan Partial Least Square (PLS), diketahui pengaruh kompetensi pelatih (X) terhadap kompetensi pengembangan karakter (X1) = 26.064044, kompetensi motivasi (X2) = 16.628261, kompetensi teknik (X3) = 34.177510 dan kompetensi strategi permainan (X4) = 26.900712 berarti thitung > ttabel (1,96). Sedangkan nilai goodness of fit atau R-square (R2) variabel (X1) sebesar 0.7549, (X2) sebesar 0.7572, (X3) sebesar 0,6844 dan sebesar (X4) sebesar 0.7805 secara deskriptif menunjukkan kompetensi pelatih sepakbola usia dini ada pengaruh dan relevansinya terhadap kompetensi pengembangan karakter, kompetensi strategi permainan, kompetensi motivasi, dan kompetensi teknik. 4. Product. Kompetensi pelatih sepakbola usia dini yang direpresentasikan oleh komponen kompetensi pengembangan karakter, strategi permainan, motivasi dan kompetensi teknik secara konseptual dikembangkan menjadi tiga rumusan kompetensi pelatih terdiri dari unsur sikap (afektif), pengetahuan (kognitif), dan keterampilan (psikomotor).
ASSESSMENT OF OPPORTUNITIES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF ACOMMODATION SERVICES IN REZEKNE CITY
Authors: Viskers Evalds , Znotina Daina 
Published: January 2018

The topicality of the research is determined by the importance of tourism for the development of national economy and individual regions; therefore, the tourism industry in Latvia needs to become attractive and have competitive strength on the common tourism market of Europe. Tourism statistics show ambiguous information on the numbers of foreign tourists entering Latvia in 2014 – 2016. In Rēzekne these numbers have a positive dynamic; therefore we need to continue strengthening the capacity of the tourism industry. A significant element forming the tourism product is the accommodation industry. The article covers an assessment of the opportunities for developing accommodation services in Rēzekne city, and based on the results of the study, recommendations have been developed for improvement of accommodation services in Rēzekne city. The specialization and offered anciallary services must be taken into consideration by planning their establishment. As a possibility the establishment of a SPA hotel in the city Rezekne can be mentioned.
Clinical and aetiological spectrum of spontaneous pneumothorax in adults in Sub-Himalayan: a prospective study at tertiary care institute
Authors: Sharma Ajay , Sharma Ashok , Jaret Pramod , Sarkar Malay , Sharma Sanjeev 
Published: January 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The spontaneous pneumothorax has been classified as major cause of morbidity and mortality among respiratory diseases. The objectives of the study were to determine the incidence and aetiology of spontaneous pneumothorax and to assess the clinical profile of affected patients admitted in our institute</span>.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">A hospital based prospective study was conducted in year 2011-12 in the Department of Medicine, IGMC Shimla (H.P.) India. During study period the total admissions were 7335 out of which 30 patients were diagnosed as spontaneous pneumothorax and treated as cases under study. The data was collected on proforma includes demographic profile, probable cause, clinical and outcome indicators of Spontaneous Pneumothorax, master chart framed and analysed into frequency percentage. </span><span lang="EN-IN"> </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Incidence of spontaneous pneumothorax was found to be 408.99/yr/100000 admissions in the department of medicine. Incidence of primary spontaneous pneumothorax was 81.79/yr/100000 admissions. Incidence of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax was 327.19/yr/100000 admissions. Majority of the patients of primary spontaneous pneumothorax were of the 20-29yrs age group. Higher proportions of cases were from male gender (93.33%). Secondary pneumothorax patients were mostly of 50 to 59 years age group. The predominant aetiology for secondary spontaneous pneumothorax was COPD (36.66%) followed by Pulmonary tuberculosis (33.33%)</span>.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Spontaneous pneumothorax was more common in men. The predominant aetiology for secondary spontaneous pneumothorax was COPD (36.66%) followed by pulmonary tuberculosis (33.33%). </span></p><p class="abstract"> </p>
Thunderbeat versus bipolar diathermy in surgical outcome of tonsillectomy
Authors: Shrestha Bikash Lal , Karmacharya Samir , Rajbhandari Pradeep 
Published: January 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Tonsillectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures performed worldwide by otorhinolaryngologists for the different indications. There are different studies in literature comparing bipolar diathermy with either harmonic scalpel or cold dissection but the thunderbeat is still not used in tonsillectomy. The thunderbeat device which is the integration of ultrasonic and advanced bipolar energies used exclusively in laparoscopic surgery but still not used in tonsillectomy. So, the main aim of this study is to compare the thunderbeat device with bipolar diathermy in surgical outcome of tonsillectomy</span>.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was the prospective study performed in total 25 patients. The patients included in the study underwent tonsillectomy on one side using thunderbeat device and on the other side using bipolar diathermy. The intra-operative blood loss, operative time and post-operative pain were taken for analysis in both the surgical procedures. <span lang="EN-IN">All the data were analyzed with the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) software version 20. </span><span lang="EN-IN"> </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Among the twenty five patients, the age groups range from 19-36 years with mean age 25.36±5.62 years. Out of 25 patients, 7 were male and 18 were female. The comparison of operation time and intra-operative blood loss between thunderbeat and bipolar diathermy showed statistically significant differences. <span lang="EN-IN">The comparison of pain score showed statistically significant result with better pain results in bipolar diathermy</span>.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The thunderbeat uses in tonsillectomies is less time consuming and decrease intra-operative blood loss. But, the post-operative pain is more as compared to bipolar diathermy. Though, it is safe and effective in performing tonsillectomy but its cost is the main drawback for its regular use. </span></p>
Premalignant and malignant changes of skin in a patient with oculocutaneous albinism: multiple actinic keratosis and squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Bhargava Shashank , Kumar Ujjwal , Rokde Richa 
Published: January 2018

<p class="abstract"><span lang="EN-IN">Pigmentation of skin is a feature which is governed by multiple factors including the number of melanocytes, their metabolic activity of the melanocytes, the melanogenic activity of the melanosomes and lastly the morphology and differentiation of the melanosomes “Squamous cell carcinoma” (SCC) of sun-exposed skin is the most frequently observed malignancy among Albinos. It is ultimately due to lack of Eumelanin which guards against both the sunlight as well as oxidative stress-induced DNA damage. A 41 year old albino male patient presented with multiple asymptomatic raised skin lesions of different morphology and dimensions over scalp, neck, behind right ear and back with duration of 7 years. The initial lesion developed as a small papule over scalp which gradually progressed to present size and later appeared before the right ear, neck and lastly over the back. On examination, the initial lesion over scalp was verrucous plaque with adherent crusting, while other lesions were indurated, non-tender ulcers with irregular margins and punched out edges. There are few whitish raised scaly papules and plaques over the back. Routine investigations were within normal limits. Histopathology findings from the neck revealed squamous epithelium with tumour cells infiltrating the underlying stroma. Tumour cells showed pleomorphism, increased N:C ratio, hyperchromatic nuclei, prominent nucleoli and keratin pearls. Histopathology findings from the scaly lesion over the back revealed mild hyperkeratosis with dysplasia of the basal keratinocytes and prominent solar elastosis in the superficial dermis. Based on clinical and histopathogical findings, diagnosis of multiple SCC with actinic keratosis was made. Patient was referred to oncosurgeon for further management. Early detection and prompt treatment of the disease is required to reduce the spread to other parts of the body along with photo-protection all throughout life</span><span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p>