bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AMH/MIS as a contraceptive that protects the ovarian reserve during chemotherapy
Authors: Kano Motohiro , Sosulski Amanda E. , Zhang LiHua , Saatcioglu Hatice D. , Wang Dan , Nagykery Nicholas , Sabatini Mary E. , Gao Guangping , Donahoe Patricia K. , Pépin David 
Published: January 2017

Significance
All current reversible hormonal contraceptives rely on modulating gonadotropins or sex steroids by acting on the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis. Primordial follicle activation, the first step of folliculogenesis, is independent of gonadotropins or steroids. In this study we show that Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS) can completely block primordial follicle activation, representing a unique mechanism of contraception that spares the pool of quiescent primordial follicles (ovarian reserve). Chemotherapy is thought to cause the over-recruitment of primordial follicles. Here we show that treatment with MIS during cycles of carboplatin, doxorubicin, or cyclophosphamide can significantly protect the ovarian reserve in mice. Thus, MIS may provide a paradigm of a reversible contraceptive that could mitigate damage to the ovarian reserve associated with gonadotoxic chemotherapeutics.
Walleye Introduction Eliminates Predation Refuge for Adfluvial Cutthroat Trout and Rainbow Trout
Authors: Johnson Clark F. , Johnson Brett M. , Neebling Travis E. , Burckhardt Jason C. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA predation refuge allowed Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri and Rainbow Trout O. mykiss to coexist with Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush in Buffalo Bill Reservoir, Wyoming. Recently, Walleye Sander vitreus appeared prompting concern about the persistence of Oncorhynchus populations. Study objectives were to (1) understand how environmental conditions have contributed to the coexistence of Lake Trout and Oncorhynchus populations, and (2) determine habitat use, diet, and per capita consumptive demand of Walleyes. While Walleye population expansion is difficult to predict, we compared consumptive demand of Lake Trout to biomass and production of Oncorhynchus populations to evaluate if additional predation demand by Walleyes could be sustained by prey populations. We measured limnological variables and sampled fishes monthly during April–October in 2012 and 2013 to determine habitat use and collect growth and diet samples. Low Secchi depth (1.6 m) and warm (19°C) epilimnetic temperatures in summer appear to have inhibited Lake Trout predation and provided Oncorhynchus spp. with a thermal refuge from predation, but this refuge was eliminated with the introduction of Walleyes. Prior to thermal stratification, Lake Trout and Oncorhynchus spp. co‐occurred at depths less than 18 m, but during summer, Oncorhynchus spp. remained in shallow water and Lake Trout retreated to the hypolimnion. Unlike Lake Trout, Walleyes always co‐occurred with Oncorhynchus spp. Only large (≥600 mm TL) Lake Trout consumed Oncorhynchus spp. and only during the unstratified period; in contrast, 64% of Walleye diet was Oncorhynchus spp., regardless of season. Per capita consumption of Oncorhynchus spp. by Walleyes (13.43 kg) was similar to that by Lake Trout (17.46 kg), despite the longer Lake Trout life span. Thus, although Lake Trout consumed only about 18% (462 kg) of the August biomass (2,624 kg) and 9% of annual production (5,049 kg) of young Oncorhynchus spp., expansion of the Walleye population could threaten Oncorhynchus populations in the future.Received July 13, 2016; accepted October 19, 2016 Published online January 31, 2017
Spatially Clustered Movement Patterns and Segregation of Subadult Chinook Salmon within the Salish Sea
Authors: Arostegui M. C. , Smith J. M. , Kagley A. N. , Spilsbury-Pucci D. , Fresh K. L , Quinn T. P. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
While Pacific salmon are known for their extensive marine migrations, some species display much more limited alternative patterns, including residence within interior marine waters. To more clearly define the scale of movement of these residents, we used acoustic telemetry to track subadult Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha caught in and released from discrete areas of the Salish Sea. Their movements were determined from detections at fixed receivers in central Puget Sound, Admiralty Inlet, the San Juan Islands, and the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Cluster analysis of the detections indicated four groups, with much less commonality of movement than might be inferred from the proximity of the tagging locations, which were only tens of kilometers apart. For example, none of the salmon tagged in central Puget Sound were detected in the San Juan Islands and vice versa. Thus, Chinook Salmon occupying central Puget Sound and the San Juan Islands may exhibit different distributions, extents of movement, and degrees of basin fidelity. These results provide information relevant to the management and conservation of this species, which is listed as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, and whose movements cross the U.S.–Canadian boundary. These findings may also help explain the variation in organic contaminant levels among Puget Sound-origin Chinook Salmon.
Price Intervention by Exporting Countries and the Effects on Price Instability
Authors: Paarlberg Philip L. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe analysis examines the effects of alternative price interventions by exporters on the mean level of prices and price instability. While several different price policies can be used by an exporter to protect producers of a commodity, each policy has unique effects on mean prices and variability. Using free trade as a point of comparison, five policy options, ranging from fixed prices in the exporter to export subsidies, are compared. These comparisons should be useful as multilateral trade negotiations proceed.
Incidence and Pathogenicity of Didymella americana on Table Beet in New York
Authors: Vaghefi Niloofar , Kikkert Julie R. , Pethybridge Sarah J. 
Published: January 2017

New York is the second largest producer of table beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris) in the United States. In 2015, a Didymella sp. was isolated from table beet fields across New York. Foliar symptoms included dark sunken spots, large necrotic patches with indefinite margins, and necrotic, round-to-oval lesions. The objective was to identify the Didymella sp. associated with table beet, and assess pathogenicity. Accepted for publication 13 December 2016.
Host autophagosomes are diverted to a plant-pathogen interface
Authors: Dagdas Yasin F , Pandey Pooja , Sanguankiattichai Nattapong , Tumtas Yasin , Belhaj Khaoula , Duggan Cian , Segretin Maria E , Kamoun Sophien , Bozkurt Tolga O 
Published: January 2017

AbstractFilamentous plant pathogens and symbionts invade their host cells but remain enveloped by host-derived membranes. The mechanisms underlying the biogenesis and functions of these host-microbe interfaces are poorly understood. Recently, we showed that PexRD54, an effector from the Irish potato famine pathogenPhytophthora infestans, binds host protein ATG8CL to stimulate autophagosome formation and deplete the selective autophagy receptor Joka2 from ATG8CL complexes. Here, we show that duringP. infestansinfection, ATG8CL autophagosomes are diverted to the pathogen interface. Our findings are consistent with the view that the pathogen coopts host selective autophagy for its own benefit.
Selection at the pathway level drives the evolution of gene-specific transcriptional noise
Authors: Barroso Gustavo Valadares , Puzovic Natasa , Dutheil Julien Y 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTBiochemical reactions within individual cells result from the interactions of molecules, typically in small numbers. Consequently, the inherent stochasticity of binding and diffusion processes generate noise along the cascade that leads to the synthesis of a protein from its encoding gene. As a result, isogenic cell populations display phenotypic variability even in homogeneous environments. The extent and consequences of this stochastic gene expression have only recently been assessed on a genome-wide scale, in particular owing to the advent of single cell transcriptomics. However, the evolutionary forces shaping this stochasticity have yet to be unraveled. We take advantage of two recently published data sets of the single-cell transcriptome of the domestic mouseMus musculusin order to characterize the effect of natural selection on gene-specific transcriptional stochasticity. We show that noise levels in the mRNA distributions (a.k.a.transcriptional noise) significantly correlate with three-dimensional nuclear domain organization, evolutionary constraint on the encoded protein and gene age. The position of the encoded protein in biological pathways, however, is the main factor that explains observed levels of transcriptional noise, in agreement with models of noise propagation within gene networks. Because transcriptional noise is under widespread selection, we argue that it constitutes an important component of the phenotype and that variance of expression is a potential target of adaptation. Stochastic gene expression should therefore be considered together with mean expression level in functional and evolutionary studies of gene expression.
Regulatory DNA inA.thalianacan tolerate high levels of sequence divergence
Authors: Alexandre C.M. , Urton J.R. , Jean-Baptiste K. , Dorrity M.W. , Cuperus J.C. , Sullivan A.M. , Bemm F. , Jolic D. , Arsovski A.A. , Thompson A. , Nemhauser J.L. , Fields S. , Weigel D. , Bubb K.L. , Queitsch C. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTVariation in regulatory DNA is thought to drive evolution. Cross-species comparisons of regulatory DNA have provided evidence for both weak purifying selection and substantial turnover in regulatory regions. However, disruption of transcription factor binding sites can affect the expression of neighboring genes. Thus, the base-pair level functional annotation of regulatory DNA has proven challenging. Here, we explore regulatory DNA variation and its functional consequences in genetically diverse strains of the plantArabidopsis thaliana, which largely maintain the positional homology of regulatory DNA. Using chromatin accessibility to delineate regulatory DNA genome-wide, we find that 15% of approximately 50,000 regulatory sites varied in accessibility among strains. Some of these accessibility differences are associated with extensive underlying sequence variation, encompassing many deletions and dramatically hypervariable sequence. For the majority of such regulatory sites, nearby gene expression was similar, despite this large genetic variation. However, among all regulatory sites, those with both high levels of sequence variation and differential chromatin accessibility are the most likely to reside near genes with differential expression among strains. Unexpectedly, the vast majority of regulatory sites that differed in chromatin accessibility among strains show little variation in the underlying DNA sequence, implicating variation in upstream regulators.
A toolkit for tissue-specific protein degradation inC. elegans
Authors: Wang Shaohe , Tang Ngang Heok , Lara-Gonzalez Pablo , Prevo Bram , Cheerambathur Dhanya K. , Chisholm Andrew D. , Desai Arshad , Oegema Karen 
Published: January 2017

AbstractProteins essential for embryo production, cell division, and early embryonic events are frequently re-utilized later in embryogenesis, during organismal development, or in the adult. Examining protein function across these different biological contexts requires tissue-specific perturbation. Here, we describe a method that utilizes expression of a fusion between a GFP-targeting nanobody and SOCS-box containing ubiquitin ligase adaptor to target GFP tagged proteins for degradation. When combined with endogenous locus GFP tagging by CRISPR-Cas9 or rescue of a null mutant with a GFP fusion, this approach enables routine and efficient tissue-specific protein ablation. We show that this approach works in multiple tissues—the epidermis, intestine, body wall muscle, sensory neurons, and touch neurons—where it recapitulates expected loss-of-function mutant phenotypes. The transgene toolkit and the strain set described here will complement existing approaches to enable routine analysis of the tissue-specific roles ofC. elegansproteins.
Cloud computing and virtual machines in LIS education: options and resources
Authors: Tomer Christinger 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to consider how and why virtual machines (VMs) and cloud computing and related development environments built on cloud-based resources may be used to support and enhance the technological elements of library and information science (LIS) education.

Design/methodology/approach
It is based on analysis of available technologies and relevant applications.

Findings
Cloud computing and virtualization offer a basis for creating a robust computing infrastructure for LIS education.

Practical implications
In the context of LIS education, cloud computing is relevant in two respects. First, many important library and archival services already rely heavily on cloud-based infrastructures, and in the near future, cloud computing is likely to define a much larger part of the computing environment on which libraries and archives rely. Second, cloud computing affords a highly flexible and efficient environment that is ideal for learning about VMs, operating systems and a wide variety of applications. What is more important, it constitutes an environment for teaching and learning that is vastly superior to the ones that currently support most LIS degree programs. From a pedagogical perspective, the key aspect of teaching and learning in the cloud environment is the VM. So, the article focuses a significant portion of its attentions on questions related to the deployment and use of VMs and Linux Containers, within and without cloud-based infrastructures, as means of learning about computer systems, applications and networking and achieving an understanding of essential aspects of both cloud computing and VM environments.

Originality/value
Based on a search of available literature in computer science and library and information science, the paper has no counterparts.
Creating history: a case study in making oral histories more accessible in the digital age
Authors: Turner Kristopher 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine how the University of Wisconsin Law School Library sought to create easily searchable oral histories by partnering with the University of Kentucky and the University of Wisconsin Oral History Program. Through this partnership, a digital archive of fully searchable and indexed oral histories with links to relevant articles, Library of Congress keywords, summaries and maps is being created, giving users the ability to delve into the Law School’s history more deeply and with more historical perspective than ever before.

Design/methodology/approach
The implementation of the Oral History Metadata Synchronizer (OHMS) and the development of a daily workflow for adding University of Wisconsin Law School oral histories to the program is closely examined. The pros and cons of the program are discussed as well as the future of the Law School oral histories.

Findings
The OHMS program is a powerful tool that allows researchers to quickly and easily locate relevant portions of an oral history, saving the time required to review hours of an interview. OHMS also allows archivists and librarians to better organize and catalog each oral history by providing important metadata tools that provide context and background on each unique oral history.

Originality/value
The University of Wisconsin Law School is the first law school to implement the OHMS program in concert with an institutional repository. The program, which is free and open source, may be of great value to historians, archivists and non-profits who wish to make their content more visible and more searchable.
Evaluating social media presence
Authors: Cervone H. Frank 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide a practical example of how big data and analytics can help answer questions related to a relevant problem many libraries and information organizations have: How to evaluate the effectiveness of social media efforts?

Design/methodology/approach
Drawing upon a number of disciplines, including marketing, consumer decision theory and evidence-based practice, the utility of big data and analytics is applied to a practical application in libraries and information organizations: the evaluation of social media presence.

Findings
There are a multitude of techniques (social network analysis, statistical analysis, geographic coding) that can be used as part of a project to evaluate the effectiveness of social media presence. Each technique provides its own “lens” on the data. By combining techniques, powerful analyses can be performed.

Originality/value
Practical applications of big data and analytics to problems in libraries and information organizations are still being developed. This paper provides one perspective on how this emerging area of study can help in understanding and improving the perception of products and services in information organizations.
Climate variability and community stability in Mediterranean shrublands: the role of functional diversity and soil environment
Authors: Pérez‐Ramos Ignacio M. , Díaz‐Delgado Ricardo , de la Riva Enrique G. , Villar Rafael , Lloret Francisco , Marañón Teodoro 
Published: January 2017

Summary

Understanding how different factors mediate the resistance of communities to climatic variability is a question of considerable ecological interest that remains mostly unresolved. This is particularly remarkable to improve predictions about the impact of climate change on vegetation.

Here, we used a trait‐based approach to analyse the sensitivity to climatic variability over 9 years of 19 Mediterranean shrubland communities located in southwest Spain. We evaluated the role of functional diversity (FD) and soil environment as drivers of community stability (assessed as changes in plant cover, species diversity and composition).

The studied shrubland communities were strongly sensitive to inter‐annual variability in climate. First, colder and drier conditions caused remarkable decreases in total plant cover but increased FD, likely because the reduction of plant cover after harsh climatic conditions promoted the expansion of functionally dissimilar species in the new open microsites; although communities returned to their initial values of plant cover after nine years, changes in FD and structure persisted over time. Second, drier and colder conditions favoured the predominance of shrubs with a conservative resource‐use strategy (i.e. with higher dry matter content in leaves, stems and roots), bigger seeds and a more efficient use of water.

The most functionally diverse communities were the most stable over time in terms of species diversity, likely because a higher number of functionally dissimilar species allowed compensatory dynamics among them.

Communities inhabiting more acidic and resource‐limited environments were less variable over time, probably because they were mainly constituted by slow‐growth, stress‐tolerant species that are potentially better adapted to harsh climatic conditions.

Synthesis. This study highlights the utility of a trait‐based approach to evaluate how plant communities respond to climatic variability. We could infer that the increased frequency of extreme climatic events predicted by climatic models will alter the functional structure of shrubland communities, with potential repercussions for ecosystem functioning. Our results also provide new insights into the role of FD and soil environment as buffers of the climate impact on woody communities, as well as potentially useful information to be applied in ecologically based management and restoration strategies.
Assisted vaginal delivery in low and middle income countries: an overview
Authors: Bailey PE , van Roosmalen J , Mola G , Evans C , de Bernis L , Dao B 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveTo assess the use of assisted vaginal delivery (AVD) in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), highlighting what level of care procedures were performed and identifying systemic barriers to its use.DesignCross‐sectional health facility assessments.SettingUp to 40 countries in Latin America, sub‐Saharan Africa and Asia.PopulationAssessments tended to be national in scope and included all hospitals and samples of midlevel facilities in public and private sectors.MethodsDescriptive secondary data analysis.Main outcome measuresPercentage of facilities where health workers performed AVD in the 3 months prior to the assessment, instrument preference, which health workers performed the procedure, and reasons AVD was not practiced.ResultsFewer than 20% of facilities in Latin America reported performing AVD in the last 3 months. In sub‐Saharan Africa, 53% of 1728 hospitals had performed AVD but only 6% of nearly 10 000 health centres had done so. It was not uncommon to find <1% of institutional births delivered by AVD. Vacuum extraction appears preferred over forceps. Lack of equipment and trained health workers were the most frequent reasons for non‐performance.ConclusionsThe low use of AVD in LMICs is in contrast with many high‐income countries, where high caesarean rates are also associated with significant rates of AVD. In many LMICs, rising caesarean rates have not been associated with maintenance of skills and practice of AVD. AVD is underused precisely in countries where pregnant women continue to face hardships accessing emergency obstetric care and where caesarean delivery can be relatively unsafe.Tweetable abstractMany LMICs exhibit low use of assisted vaginal delivery where access to EmONC continues to be a hardship.