bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Characterization, and In vitro and In Silico Studies of New Triazole Derivatives as Aromatase Inhibitors
Authors: Üzmez Zeynep Livanur , Osmaniye Derya , Özkay Yusuf , Kaplancıklı Zafer Asım 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women. Steroidal
or non-steroidal aromatase inhibitors (NSAIs) are used clinically, and in most cancer diseases,
resistance is the most important problem.

Method:
The nitrogenous heterocyclic ring is noteworthy in the structure of non-steroidal aromatase
inhibitors. This is the pharmacophore structure for aromatase inhibition. Because the enzyme
interacts with the Fe2+ cation of the HEM structure in its active site, the most used agents in the
clinic, such as anastrozole and letrozole, contain triazoles in their structures. Within the scope of
this study, hybrid compounds containing both imidazole and triazole were synthesized.

Result:
The synthesis was carried out by a 4-step reaction. The anticancer effects of the compounds
were evaluated by MTT assay performed on A549 and MCF-7 cancer cells. Compound 4d showed
anticancer activity against the MCF-7 cell line with IC50=6.7342 uM value. This compound exhibited
anticancer activity against the A549 cell line with an IC50 = 17.1761 μM. In the MTT test performed
on a healthy cell line to determine the cytotoxic effects of the compounds, the compound
showed activity with a value of 4d IC50=13.2088 uM. This indicates that the compound is not cytotoxic.
Additionally, BrdU analysis was performed to evaluate whether the compound inhibits DNA synthesis.
These selective effects of the compounds on breast cancer strengthened their aromatase enzyme
inhibitor potential. For this reason, experiments conducted with both in vitro and in silico
methods revealed a compound with high aromatase inhibitor potential.

Conclusion:
The interactions observed as a result of molecular docking and dynamics studies are in
harmony with activity studies. In particular, interactions with HEM600 demonstrate the activity
potential of the compound.
Exploring the Potential of Herbal Compounds as Autophagy Modulators in Alzheimer's Disease: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Yadav Ekta , Mandal Ashok Kumar , Sah Ajay Kumar , Poudel Sandesh , Pathak Prateek , Khalilullah Habibullah , Jaremko Mariusz , Emwas Abdul-Hamid , Yadav Pankajkumar , Verma Amita 
Published: September 2024

Abstract:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that causes atrophy
of brain cells, leading to their death, and has become a leading cause of death in aging
populations worldwide. AD is characterized by β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and tau phosphorylation
in neural tissues, but the precise pathophysiology of the disease is still obscure. Autophagy
is an evolutionarily targeted mechanism that is necessary for the elimination of neuronal and glial
misfolded proteins as well as proteins. It also plays an essential role in synaptic plasticity. The
aberrant autophagy primarily influences the process of aging and neurodegeneration. Autophagy
significantly influences how Aβ and tau function physiologically, therefore, atypical autophagy
is expected to perform an important role in Aβ deposition and tau phosphorylation characteristic
in the development of AD. Bioactive phytoconstituents could majorly contribute as a natural yet
effective alternative approach to slow down the progression of neurodegeneration and promote
the active aging process in elderly patients. Over the recent years, it is well evidenced that different
secondary metabolites including polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenes, and phenols exhibited
neuroprotective effects, and attenuated brain damage, and cognitive impairment in vitro as well
as in vivo. Additionally, the underlying mechanism of action shared by them is the regulation of
competent autophagy via the removal of aggregated protein and mitochondrial dysfunction. The
present article is structured as a reference for researchers keen to investigate and assess the new
natural compound-mediated therapeutic approach for AD treatment through the modulation of
autophagy.
Mathematical Modeling of Sorptive Extraction of Lithium Chloride from Lithium-containing Brine of the Aral Sea Region
Authors: Ulbekova М.М. , Tleuova S.Т. , Anarbayev А.А. , Pazylova D.Т. , Tileuberdi А.N. 
Published: September 2024

Introduction
The article presents the results of chemical and physicochemical analysis of initial lithium-containing hydromineral raw materials and sorbent based on bentonite clay with titanium oxide addition.

Methods
It is established that the mineral is montmorillonite group and kaolinite according to the results of the analysis of the microstructure and elemental composition of bentonitic clay of the Darbazinsky deposit. Brine is characterized by the change of lithium chloride content in the range of 403- 1001 mg/l. Physical and mechanical characteristics of the obtained sorbents based on bentonite clay and titanium oxide additive are characterized by a high mechanical strength of 5.31 MPa, density of up to 2,6 g/cm3, and specific surface area of 1572 cm2/g. The technological parameters of sorption extraction of lithium chloride from lithium-containing hydromineral raw materials were optimized using the system analysis “STATISTICA” developed by StatSoft company. It is established that to increase the rate of lithium chloride extraction from brine, it is necessary to maintain the rate of brine flow within 8 l/min at maximum humidity of solution output up to 43g/m3 on the basis of the obtained volumetric graphical dependencies.

Results
The microstructure of the used sorbents with titanium oxide addition up to 20% is characterized by the predominance of lithium chlorides, which are represented by heap-shaped, prismatic crystals.

Conclusion
The maximum amount of lithium chloride in the form of clusters of light-white crystals of tabular shape on the surface of the sorbent is observed at increasing the content of titanium oxide up to 40%.
Examining the Concordance between ART and ERIN Methods in the Assessment of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Dental Students of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Feyzi Vafa , Komeili Abolfazl , Kumeleh Shiva Mohammadjani , Vahedi Hadis , Izadi Neda , Sahlabadi Ali Salehi 
Published: September 2024

Introduction
Choosing the right method for assessing musculoskeletal disorders in work environments can be useful for identifying risk factors and preventing them. Hence, the aim of this study was to examine the agreement between ART and ERIN methods in evaluating skeletal-muscular disorders in dentists.

Method
This cross-sectional study was conducted among 38 dental students of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. In order to collect research data, ART and ERIN worksheets were used. Data were analyzed using Stata software (version 14). P<0.05 was considered a significant level for all statistical tests.

Results
The research population included 20 (52.63%) women and 18 (47.37%) men. The mean and standard deviation of the age of women was 29.35 ± 2.68 years with a work experience of 3.2 years, and the mean and standard deviation of the age of men was 31.16 ± 3.25 years with a work experience of 3.33 years. The risk level in the ERIN method was high, and in the ART method, on both the right and left sides of the body was medium. Also, the relationship between the final score of the ERIN method and the final score of the right side of ART with work experience was direct and significant. The level of agreement between the two methods was achieved by using the Kappa coefficient on the right side, which was medium and weak on the left side of the body.

Conclusion
The results showed that the two methods did not have a good agreement; therefore, in order to evaluate discomfort in dentists, it is necessary to choose the appropriate method according to the type of activities performed, the purpose of the study, and the factors influencing the performance of tasks.
Investigating Functional Connectivity in Adolescent Depression and Suicide Attempt during Neurofeedback Sessions: A Multivariate Random Covariance Model Approach
Authors: Neville Quinton , Ranatunga Janani , Quevedo Karina , Zhang Lin 
Published: September 2024

Background
A recent neurofeedback functional magnetic resonance imaging (NF, fMRI) study on depressed vs. healthy adolescents elicited differential functional connectivity (FC) amongst brain regions of interest (ROIs). Previous results employed univariate methods and included only two seed areas of FC (amygdala and hippocampus). In this study, we propose a new multivariate analysis for whole-network FC estimation.

Methods
Primary analyses concerned a pre-identified network of 17 salient ROIs reflecting key regions in self-processing and emotion regulation. A random covariance model (RCM) was applied to jointly estimate participant- and group-specific connectivity, where FC was measured by partial correlation conditioned on or adjusted for rest-of-network connectivity patterns. Secondary analyses concerned participant-specific network association with mental functioning changes and the AAL3 whole-brain atlas.

Results
New findings suggested that depressed adolescents with a suicide attempt expressed significantly higher positive FC between the left temporal gyrus and the left amygdala during NF, compared to negative FC in non-attempting depressed youth, while healthy controls displayed negative FC between the insula, inferior frontal gyrus to inferior parietal lobe connection, compared to mild negative connectivity in depressed adolescents. Previous cross-hemispheric findings in depressed vs. healthy adolescents were corroborated.

Conclusion
A multivariate RCM uncovered key ROI-pairwise connections differentiating FC patterns between depressed youth vs. healthy controls and among depressed youth, with and without a suicide attempt. Findings were strengthened by enhanced inference vs. univariate methods, and corroboration of previous NF secondary analyses demonstrated future utility for participant-specific study in association with clinical outcomes and/or whole-brain analyses with larger sample sizes.
One-pot Three-component Synthesis of Fully and Diversely Functionalized Pyrans and Spiropyrans Using Sodium Formate as Catalyst in Aqueous
Ethanol at Room Temperature
Authors: Banerjee Bubun , Kaur Manmeet , Singh Arvind , Sharma Aditi , Priya Anu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract:
A convenient and general method has been developed for the synthesis of fully and diversely
functionalized pyrans via one-pot three-component reactions of various aryl or heteroaryl
aldehydes, malononitrile, and 1,3-dimethyl/1,3-diethyl-acetonedicarboxylates in the presence of a
catalytic amount of sodium formate as an efficient organocatalyst in aqueous ethanol at room temperature.
All the scaffolds were synthesized in excellent yields within 2.5 hours. Under the same
reaction conditions, fully and diversely functionalized spiro-pyrans were also synthesized in excellent
yields from the reaction of isatin, malononitrile, and 1,3-dimethyl/1,3-diethylacetonedicarboxylates.
All the products were isolated pure just by simple filtration. Synthesis of fully
and diversely functionalized biologically promising pyrans, excellent yields, use of organocatalyst,
less toxic solvent, no column chromatographic purification, and energy efficiency are some of the
major advantages of this newly developed protocol.

method:
In a clean test tube a magnetic stir bar, 0.5 mmol of aldehydes (1a-1i), 0.5 mmol of malononitrile (2; 0.033 g) and 0.5 mmol of 1,3-dimethylacetonedicarboxylate (3a; 0.087 g) or 1,3-diethylacetonedicarboxylate (3b; 0.101 g), 4 ml aqueous ethanol (1:1 v/v) and 20 mol% sodium formate were taken sequentially. The whole reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for the time mentioned in Table 2. The progress of reaction was monitored by TLC. By using the same amount of catalyst and solvent the synthesis of methyl/ethyl-2&#039;-amino-3&#039;-cyano-6&#039;-(2-meth/ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-2-oxospiro[indoline-3,4&#039;-pyran]-5&#039;-carboxylate (6a/6b) was achieved from the reactions of 0.5 mmol of isatin (5; 0.0735 g), 0.5 mmol of malononitrile (2; 0.033 g) and 0.5 mmol of 1,3-dimethylacetonedicarboxylate (3a; 0.0871 g) or 1,3-diethylacetonedicarboxylate (3b; 0.1011 g). After the completion of each reaction, the desired products were isolated simply by filtration and subsiquent washing with aqueous ethanol (EtOH:H2O = 1:1).
Development of Synchronization Selection Method in IoT with Secure Channel Bidirectional Communication
Authors: Kaur Rupinder , Singh Sarpreet , Singh Jashanpreet , Kumar Rahul 
Published: September 2024

Background:
The rapid development of wireless communications and mobile computation
has given rise to the novel Internet of Things (IoT) systems, which is causing considerable
research attention and industrial development. However, the lack of synchronization between
the timers of IoT devices compromises the network's security.

Aim:
The purpose of this patent application is to present a technique for synchronizing the
timepieces of IoT gadgets and establishing a secure channel for the transmission of data from
source to destination.

Objective:
This study proposes a Synchronization Selection Method (SSM) for IoT systems to
enhance network security and reduce packet loss.

Methods:
The method utilizes time-lay synchronization and RSA algorithm-based secure
channel establishment. Time lay is a technique that was developed for IoT devices to achieve
efficient clock synchronization of sensor nodes. Before synchronizing the sensor nodes' timings,
the cluster leaders initiate the process. Utilizing a finite number of nodes, the proposed
method was executed in MATLAB.

Results:
Time-lay synchronization involves all network nodes synchronizing their clocks with
a third-party clock. In the context of time-lay synchronization, the term “third-party clock” refers
to a single specific point that contains the time signal that all nodes in the network use as a
reference. This third-party clock is outside of the network nodes and acts as the standard for the
precise and synchronized time within the network. Therefore, it can be deduced that each of the
techniques possesses its advantages and disadvantages. Each of the synchronization techniques
has the potential to significantly benefit the IoT by offering smart clock synchronization that is
more secure. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method improves throughput
and reduces packet loss compared to existing techniques.

Conclusion:
The potential of this patent is highly significant for solving the synchronization
problem of IoT devices and enhancing network security with decreased network packet loss.

Other:
The SSM would be assessed using the parameters of packet loss and throughput.
Deep Learning Model for Detection and Severity Analysis of Car Accidents
Authors: Chatterjee Tanusree , Roy Priya , Karmakar Kamalesh , Munshi Shiladitya , Roy Sanjib 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOn-road car accidents are immensely unfortunate but quite common occurrences worldwide. Instant data-centric and informed decisions of crisis management are rarely experienced due to the absence of real-time car accident detection and severity analysis mechanisms. On this background, the current paper presents a deep learning model for car accident detection and analysis of its severity so that the crisis management activities might follow without any delay saving invaluable human lives. The existing works lack in using time-series data, the proper learning model for accurate prediction, and minimizing the time taken in post-accident scenarios for the victims to receive immediate medical help. This paper introduces the Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) model in conjunction with the Gradient Boosted Regression Trees (GBRT) technique for the determination of car accidents with different levels of severity. The proposed model works with the accelerometer and gyroscopic data collected through an application installed in the smartphones of the users inside the car. The LSTM-GBRT hybrid model is proposed to achieve higher accuracy than LSTM which deals with time-variant data. The satisfactory performance of the proposed technique has been reported and the results are extensively investigated in comparison with another hybrid technique such as LSTM with Random Forest (RF) as well. The statistics confirm the superiority of the proposed model over other parallel models in terms of several performance metrics, like Accuracy, Precision, etc.
Identification of drought-induced forest damage in 2022 and of its key site condition drivers through satellite imagery
Authors: Bucha Tomáš , Pavlenda Pavel , Konôpka Bohdan , Tomaštík Julián , Chudá Juliána , Surový Peter 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
An extensive discoloration (yellowing, browning), and defoliation (leaf loss) were observed in Slovak forests during the summer of 2022. These phenomena are attributed to the combination of very low atmospheric precipitation and extremely high air temperatures from June to early August. In this study, the deterioration of forest health was analysed by comparing the image classification of Sentinel-2 satellite data from the year of intense drought occur-rence, 2022, with that from a referenced year without drought occurrence, 2020. The results indicated that in 2022, the proportion of heavily damaged stands with defoliation exceeding 50% doubled, reaching 19.3% (417,000 ha), and an area of 223,000 ha experienced an increase in defoliation by 30% or more. The damage exhibited an uneven spatial distribution, with the most significant impact observed in the western and southern parts of central Slovakia, as well as partially in the southern part of eastern Slovakia. Further GIS analyses revealed that forests growing on slopes with southern aspects suffered more severe damage than with northern exposures. However, the difference between the most damaged forests with south-southeast exposure (12.2%) and the least damaged ones with north-northwest exposure (8.2%) was only 4%. The level of damage gradually decreased with increasing altitude. Nevertheless, compared to previous studies, the damage was significantly manifested even in the fourth forest vegetation zone, up to an elevation of approximately 800 m. Regarding soil texture, which influences the water regime, the damage gradually decreased with decreasing sand content, ranging from sandy soils (17.5%) to clayey soils (6.6%).
Evaluation of Neuroprotective Effects of Local Hypothermia in a Porcine Spinal Cord Injury Model
Authors: Šulla Igor , Papcúnová Štefánia , Závodská Monika 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The goal of this study was to assess the therapeutic potential of a 5-hour local spinal cord (SC) hypothermia by 4 °C saline on preservation of SC tissue at the injury epicentre and 3 cranial and caudal 10 mm long SC segments in a porcine experimental model of spinal cord injury (SCI). The SCI was inflicted through L3 laminectomy by a metallic rod moved by a velocity of 30 mm.sec−1, and operated by a computer-controlled apparatus. A group of 15 female minipigs 5‒8-month-old weighing 28‒35 kg was randomly divided into 5 subgroups (each composed of 3 animals): 1) sham controls; 2) SCI by force 8N; 3) SCI by force 8N, 5-hour hypothermia; 4) SCI by force 15N; 5) SCI by force 15N, 5-hour hypothermia. After a 9-week survival period, the minipigs were in deep general anaesthesia transcardially perfused by 5000 ml of saline and fixed by 5000 ml 4 % neutral paraformaldehyde. White and grey SC matter damage was evaluated in specimens cut from the epicentre of injury as well as 3 cranial and 3 caudal 10 mm long SC blocks dyed according to Luxol fast blue (LFB) with cresyl violet (CV) protocol for light microscopic observations. The percentage of preserved SC white and grey matter was assessed in microphotographs and compared with data from sham controls (considered 100 %). The data were statistically evaluated by ANOVA test, the difference P ˂ 0.05 was considered significant. Results of the study suggest that 5-hour local cooling of the epicentre of SCI is well tolerated and facilitates the preservation of SC tissue integrity. Additional experimental and preclinical studies are necessary before introducing the method in practice.
Ovulatory Failure in Mares During Breeding Seasons
Authors: Zaťková Magdalena , Hura Vladimír 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In the years 2022 and 2023 we investigated the prevalence of the ovulatory failure in 133 mares of different breed, 3 to 24 years old, brought to the Equine clinic of the University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy (UVMP) in Košice. Our research involved the monitoring of the reproduction cycle in these mares with the aim to determine the prevalence of ovulatory failure during the breeding season, focusing on certain specific parameters that were considered sufficiently relevant with respect to the development of such failure. These parameters included environmental temperature and the amount of daylight the mares were exposed to, attributable to the months of the breeding season. In addition, we also evaluated the size of pre-ovulatory follicles and the influence of age of the investigated mares. During the mentioned years, one of the ovulatory failures occurred in 17 out of 133 mares (12.78 %). Examination by ultrasonography (USG) and the subsequent analysis of the occurrence of failures in relation to the investigated parameters allowed us to conclude that the length of daylight, age, and environmental temperature were the most important factors. Our observations indicated that the 15–16 h category of daylight presented the highest risk of development of cycle disorders with the most rapid increase observed for HAF. With respect to age, the highest occurrence of ovulatory failures was observed in the category of 15–24 years. The external temperature in the range of 18.1–23.0 °C affected the most the development of cycle disorders. Again, the effect was most evident with respect to HAF. This resulted in our recommendations for horse breeders that they should manage reproduction of their mares in a way so that the receptive phase of the cycle does not occur in the months during which the daylight length and environmental temperatures support ovulatory failure. We also recommend that if the owner′s wish is to keep in the breeding the mares older than 15 years, regular thorough gynaecological examination of these animals should be ensured, aimed at early diagnosis of ovulatory failure.
Minimum Capital Requirements for Banks and the Financing of the Economies of the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa1
Authors: Enguene André Arnaud 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article analyses the impact of minimum bank capital on the financing of economies of the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa over the period 1998-2020, based on data from the Bank of Central African States and the annual reports and bulletins of the Banking Commission of Central Africa. To do this, we analysed the impact of minimum bank capital requirements on the real cost of credit, the term structure of credit and on economic agents with financing needs. We used a panel VAR specification estimated using the Generalised Method of Moments and impulse response function analysis based on Monte Carlo simulations to arrive at two main results: minimum bank capital reduces the cost of credit and increases the economy’s credit level. The conclusion is that regulators would benefit from encouraging credit institutions to increase the current level of bank capital in order to benefit from the positive effects of minimum bank capital.