bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Passive Defensive Tactic in Target‐Attacker‐Defenders Game Against Fast Attacker
Authors: You Lingchen , Duan Haibin , Huo Mengzhen , Wang Siyuan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe target‐attacker‐defenders game (TADs) is an important topic in multi‐agent systems, concerning group cooperation and decision‐making. To effectively counter fast attackers, this study introduces a passive defensive approach, where a group of defenders position themselves around a formation point, rather than intercept the attacker actively. An evaluation model is developed to determine the optimal formation point, and a comprehensive analysis of the model is conducted, demonstrating that the formation point changes at a slower rate than the attacker, allowing the defenders to effectively track the attacker's movements. To enhance the global search capabilities, a backbone exchange mechanism is integrated into the original pigeon‐inspired optimization (PIO) algorithm. Finally, a series of comparative experiments are conducted, providing a comprehensive assessment of the defense strategy and the improved algorithm. The simulation results indicate the defenders can block the attacker with a slower speed following the proposed strategy, while the UAVs using the comparison method fail to follow the attacker, and the attacker escape the encirclement of defenders. The results prove the effectiveness of the proposed passive method in the article.
Students' Meaning‐Making of Nature of Science: Interaction Between Visual, Verbal, and Written Modes of Representation
Authors: Cheung Kason Ka Ching , Oancea Alis , Erduran Sibel 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTStudents' understanding of nature of science (NOS) has been largely examined primarily in written or verbal modes. The visual, verbal, and written modes are essential for students' meaning‐making of NOS. However, research has sidelined the interaction among these three modes in understanding students' collaborative discourse of NOS. Informed by theories of multimodality and social semiotics, this paper investigates the interactions between the visual, verbal, and written modes as groups of students engaged in explicit‐reflective multimodal representation during NOS instruction. Utilizing a collective case study approach, we planned NOS instruction with teachers, and videotaped how each focal group of students in two grade seven classes in Hong Kong constructed multimodal representations of NOS. Multimodal discourse analysis revealed that the three modes fulfill various purposes during students' co‐construction of multimodal representations of NOS. The interaction between the three modes facilitates meaning‐making of NOS in four ways: (a) students' re‐semiotization of discursive scientific practices into their multimodal ensembles; (b) bridging students' writing of scientific reports to scientists' social certification and dissemination; (c) connecting students' decontextualized meaning‐making to contextualized meaning‐making of methods and methodological rules; and (d) facilitating students' embodied semiosis in social organizations and interactions of science. Focusing on four episodes of co‐constructing multimodal representations of NOS, we illustrate how students' meaning‐making of NOS is multimodal in nature and how various modes have their own affordances. We discuss future research directions on how multimodality can facilitate students' meaning‐making of NOS.
Separating Neroli from Water Using the PDMS‐ZSM5 Mixed Matrix Membrane and the Pervaporation Method
Authors: Molavi M. , Hojjati M. R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this study, the separation of neroli from water by PDMS‐ZSM5 mixed matrix membrane and separation performance of the pervaporative process of the prepared membranes with the parameters of permeability flux and separation factor was investigated. The effect of adding nanoparticles in the polymer matrix, the effect of the operating parameter of temperature and concentration on the efficiency of the membrane in the pervaporative process to be placed. Comparison of the results for pure membrane and mixed matrix membrane shows a 3‐fold increase in flux along with a 5‐fold increase in the separation factor in the mixed matrix membrane with a ratio of 12% nano in the membrane matrix so that the permeability and separation factor are 1.256 kg/m2h and 550, respectively. Membrane function was also evaluated in the temperature range of 298–353 K and feed concentration of 122–209 ppm. With increasing temperature to 353 K, permeability of membrane containing 8% ZSM‐5 nanoparticles increased from 0.63 to 0.89 kg/m2h. Also, with increasing feed concentration, permeability increased from to 0.96 kg/m2h. The optimization of these conditions was investigated by response surface method (RSM) based on the design of central points (CCD). The effect of all three parameters on the permeability, flux, and separation factor was investigated simultaneously and the optimal conditions were obtained at 12 wt% of ZSM‐5, a concentration of 209 mg/L of neroli, and a temperature of 304 K. Under these optimal conditions, the values of permeability, flux, and separation factor were 1.414 kg/m2h and 1039.57, respectively.
Pyridazine‐Based Aggregation Induced Emission Active Conjugates: Synthesis, Single Crystal XRD Analysis, and Self‐Assembly Assessment
Authors: Waghchoure Aishwarya P. , Sangale Vijay B. , Shaligram Parth S. , Lambud Sushil , Pardeshi Satish K. , Gonnade Rajesh G. , Bandaru Sateesh , More Sandeep , Prakasha Reddy J. , Bhosale Rajesh S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the present investigation, pyridazine based two aggregation induced emission (AIE) active conjugates ((pyridazine‐3,6‐diylbis(oxy)) bis(4,1‐phenylene))bis(pheny lmethanone) DBPC and 2,2′‐(((pyridazine‐3,6‐diylbis (oxy)) bis(4,1‐phenylene))bis (phenylmethaneylylidene))dimalono nitrile DDPC were successfully designed and synthesized. Further, the conjugates DBPC and DDPC were crystallized, and their molecular structures have been determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The light absorption and emission properties of both conjugates have been explored using UV‐Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The conjugates DBPC and DDPC in pure DMSO were in molecular form and weak emissive. The conjugate DBPC demonstrates AIE property as the water percentage in DMSO increases from 50–90 %, but the conjugate DDPC exhibits AIE property as the water percentage increases from 50–80 %, and its emission get decreased at 90 %. Optical microscopic and FE‐SEM investigation revealed that in 70 % water fraction, conjugate DBPC generated several μm long strip like self‐assembled structures, while conjugate DDPC created several μm long fractal fiber like self‐assembled structures. The formation of strip‐like self‐assembled structures by DBPC and fractal fiber‐like self‐assembled structures by DDPC may be attributed to DDPC's more twisted structural geometry compared to DBPC.
Graphene‐Transition Metal Electrocatalysts for Sustainable Water Electrolysis
Authors: Tripathi Prerna , Verma Amit Kumar , Sinha Akhoury Sudhir Kumar , Singh Shikha 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTransition metal compounds (TMCs) are potentially fruitful substitutes for noble metals for electrocatalytic splitting of water due to their intrinsic electrocatalytic activity, modifiable morphology, tunable electronic structure and their earth‐abundance. The combination of TMCs with graphene improves the dispersion of loaded catalysts, providing more catalytic active sites, enhancing the conductivity of hybrids, affording accelerated charge‐transfer kinetics, and minimizing catalyst bleaching, aggregation, and sintering under harsh reaction conditions. Additionally, graphene incorporation into TMCs modulates the electronic structure of active centers because of the synergistic interaction between them, thereby improving their catalytic performance. This review paper focuses on the recent progress made in designing different graphene‐transition metal‐based materials that can be used in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and overall water splitting (OWS). In‐situ characterization methodologies and DFT calculations that facilitate catalyst development are discussed elaborately. Finally, the advancements made in the development of graphene‐supported transition metal compounds for use in a functional water electrolyzer have been explored. In conclusion, a few specific recommendations have been made about the current challenges related to the widespread production of effective HER/OER electrocatalysts for water electrolysis.
Nickel Boride as Hydride Source in Nickel Catalyzed Chemoselective Reduction of α,β‐Unsaturated Amides
Authors: Sarkar Rumpa , Menon Anila M. , Chopra Deepak , Bera Mrinal K. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA facile and highly efficient chemoselective reduction of α,β‐unsaturated amides leading to saturated amide has been described. In situ generated nickel boride was found to act as an efficient reagent for the conjugate reduction. The reaction proceeds smoothly under an inert atmosphere at ambient temperature with a moderate to good yield. Both aliphatic and aromatic α,β‐unsaturated amides were found to be compatible with the reaction protocol.
Experimental and numerical study of wind effect on an ultra‐thin concrete triangular plan shell structure
Authors: Gomes M. Glória , Marques da Silva F. , Sousa J. H. , Martinho N. , Moret Rodrigues A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSelf‐supporting concrete shell structures are highly efficient in distributing loads, which can result in very reduced thicknesses (ultra‐thin), giving them remarkable slenderness. Due to their geometric complexity, it is difficult to predict how they interact with wind action. The main aim of the present study is to assess the mean surface pressure coefficient distribution in a shell with a triangular plan shape and three supports for different angles of wind incidence. To determine the distribution of surface pressure coefficients and lift and drag force coefficients, an experimental study was carried out in a wind tunnel, and a numerical simulation study was performed through computational fluid dynamics. The experimental and numerical results were analyzed and compared, and making it possible to identify the most critical surface zones and wind incidences when the shell is under the wind action.
Spatially Coded Transformations in Gradient‐Dependent Protocell Morphogenesis
Authors: Wu Shuqi , Ji Wei , Li Mei , Mann Stephen , Tian Liangfei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractChemical gradients provide spatiotemporal signaling fields in various cellular processes, driving complex dynamic behaviours such as differentiation and spatial organization. Here we employ opposing gradients of two artificial morphogens (sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium phosphotungstate (polyoxometalate; POM)) to systematically investigate morphological differentiation in organized populations of coacervate microdroplet‐based protocells. Using a matrix of 16 sets of counter‐diffusive gradients, we classify the differentiated protocells into five phenotypes and encode their spontaneous organization into different spatially patterned protocell consortia using a 3‐bit binary information system. We show that a predominant SDS gradient produces a diversity of differentiated phenotypes to generate complex spatially coded 2D protocell organizations. In contrast, a prevailing POM gradient decreases morphological differentiation, resulting in population homogenization. Our results improve our understanding of gradient concentration‐dependent collective responses in synthetic microscale agents and provide a step to a new spatially resolved information encoding method with 3‐bit binary outputs.
Assessing Pubic Symphysis Evolution in Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus): Insights From Computer Tomography on Primiparous and Non‐Breeding Females
Authors: Vieu Sabrina , Hugon Héloïse , Boucher Samuel , Bercker Clément , Bruyas Jean‐François , Fusellier Marion 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus), dystocia is a common occurrence. Several factors have been identified in the literature, including the ossification of the pubic symphysis following failure to breed before 9–12 months of age. The objective of this study was to investigate the ossification of pubic symphysis and its evolution during growth in two groups of females. The first group consisted of non‐breeding females, while the second group comprised females introduced to breeding at 4–6 months of age. Twelve pairs of sows were selected for comparison, with one non‐breeding and one breeding sow in each pair. Symphysis width and tissue density were assessed using micro‐computed tomography. Measurements included the distance between the acetabula, width and bone density of the pubic symphysis. Serial computed tomography scans were performed on each sow over several months, both before and after parturition. The results revealed a significantly higher symphysis width in females that had bred. In addition, symphysis ossification was absent in both breeding and non‐breeding sows, contrary to previous descriptions of this species. Therefore, dystocia in guinea pigs may not be attributable to ossification of the pubic symphysis.
Preparation of Co–Ce@RM catalysts for catalytic ozonation of tetracycline
Authors: Sun Wenquan , Xie Yiming , Zhang Ming , Zhou Jun , Sun Yongjun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this work, a Co–Ce@RM ozone catalyst was developed using red mud (RM), a by‐product of alumina production, as a support material, and its preparation process, catalytic efficiency, and tetracycline (TCN) degradation mechanism were investigated. A comprehensive assessment was carried out using the 3E (environmental, economic, and energy) model. The optimal production conditions for Co–Ce@RM were as follows: The doping ratio of Co and Ce was 1:3, the calcination temperature was 400°C, and the calcination time was 5 h, achieving a maximum removal rate of 87.91% of TCN. The catalyst was characterized using different analytical techniques. Under the conditions of 0.4 L/min ozone aeration rate, with 9% catalyst loading and solution pH 9, the optimal removal rates and chemical oxygen demand by the Co–Ce catalytic ozonation at RM were 94.17% and 75.27%, respectively. Moreover, free radical quenching experiments showed that superoxide radicals (O2−) and singlet oxygen (1O2) were the main active groups responsible for the degradation of TCN. When characterizing the water quality, it was assumed that TCN undergoes degradation pathways such as demethylation, dehydroxylation, double bond cleavage, and ring‐opening reactions under the influence of various active substances. Finally, the 3E evaluation model was deployed to evaluate the Co–Ce@RM catalytic ozonation experiment of TCN wastewater.Practitioner Points
The preparation of Co–Ce@RM provides new ideas for resource utilization of red mud.
Catalytic ozonation by Co–Ce@RM can produce 1O2 active oxygen groups.
The Co–Ce@RM catalyst can maintain a high catalytic activity after 20 cycles.
The degradation pathway of the catalytic ozonation of tetracycline was fully analyzed.
Catalytic ozone oxidation processes were evaluated by the “3E” (environmental, economic, and energy) model.
Recent Progress on Nanomedicine‐Mediated Repolarization of Tumor‐Associated Macrophages for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Jing‐Yang , Su Yun‐He , Wang Xu , Yao Xueqing , Du Jin‐Zhi 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTTumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute the largest number of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). They play an essential role in promoting tumor progression and metastasis, which makes them a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment. TAMs are usually divided into two categories: pro‐tumoral M2‐like TAMs and antitumoral M1 phenotypes at either extreme. The reprogramming of M2‐like TAMs toward a tumoricidal M1 phenotype is of particular interest for the restoration of antitumor immunity in cancer immunotherapy. Notably, nanomedicines have shown great potential for cancer therapy due to their unique structures and properties. This review will briefly describe the biological features and roles of TAMs in tumor, and then discuss recent advances in nanomedicine‐mediated repolarization of TAMs for cancer immunotherapy. Finally, perspectives on nanomedicine‐mediated repolarization of TAMs for effective cancer immunotherapy are also presented.
Deep Dive Into Noninvasive Biometrics: A Pilot Journey Using Stereo‐Video in a Public Aquarium
Authors: Ferreira Ana , Santos Simão , Silva Gonçalo , Baylina Núria 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAccurate collection of biometric data is important for understanding the biology and conservation of marine organisms, including elasmobranch and teleost fish, both in nature and controlled environments where monitoring marine specimens' health is mandatory. Traditional methods involving specimen capture and handling are invasive, stressful, and disruptive. Some techniques like underwater visual census or laser photogrammetry have been used for noninvasive data collection, but they have limitations and biases. The application of stereo‐video photogrammetry through the use of diver‐operated stereo‐video systems (stereo‐DOV) is a noninvasive method that overcomes these challenges, providing highly accurate measurements. It has become popular for species monitoring, studying anthropogenic impacts, and assessing length distributions. However, this technique is still uncommon and barely reported in aquarium settings. This study describes an innovative pilot study targeting multiple species carried out in a Public Aquarium, using a low‐cost house‐made device. The results revealed that measuring more than 100 individuals in approximately 1 day's work is possible. Total and fork lengths were estimated using specific software for 31 teleost and 16 elasmobranch species and compared with real measurements for the available species. Despite technical limitations that must be reviewed for application in future studies that resulted in high root mean square (RMS) values (> 20 mm), differences between methodological approaches revealed a minimal discrepancy (1.37%–5% in large sharks and rays and 1.8%–5.5% in teleost fish). This technique has time and cost requirements, but might represent a major advance in husbandry and in the contribution to conservation that ex situ studies can provide.
Conclusions
Authors: Pisarevskaya Asya , Scholten Peter 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe local turn in migration studies has drawn attention to the local level for understanding migration and migration-related diversities (Zapata-Barrero et al., 2017). This book contributes to this turn by revealing a plurality of urban diversities and exploring the factors that contribute to this plurality. Cities of migration come in various types, reflecting different diversity configurations, different locally situated inequalities, and different local approaches. There is no reason for trying to understand the dynamics of migration-related diversity in Paris and Plauen or in Rotterdam and Rouen in similar terms. These cities have very different diversity configurations, migration histories, opportunity structures and political institutional settings. Rather than defining these cities in terms of one urban model our effort is to grasp and understand the complexity of urban diversities. We see this as an important step towards a more differentiated view of urban diversities, and also a insight into the challenges that form in different cities and a better understanding of how and why cities choose different approaches towards governance of migration and diversity. Where Ingolstadt may need an approach very much tailored to the legacy of industrial migration and urban segregation, Hilversum may need an approach that is focused on the whole local population and on the role of diversity across policy sectors and domains.
The Λc → Λ ℓ+νℓ weak decay including new physics
Authors: Alvarado Fernando , Alvarez-Ruso Luis , Hernández Eliecer , Nieves Juan , Penalva Neus 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We investigate the Λc → Λℓ+νℓ decay with a focus on potential new physics (NP) effects in the ℓ = μ channel. We employ an effective Hamiltonian within the framework of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) to consider generalized dimension-6 semileptonic c → s operators of scalar, pseudoscalar, vector, axial-vector and tensor types. We rely on Lattice QCD (LQCD) for the hadronic transition form factors, using heavy quark spin symmetry (HQSS) to determine those that have not yet been obtained on the lattice. Uncertainties due to the truncation of the NP Hamiltonian and different implementations of HQSS are taken into account. As a result, we unravel the NP discovery potential of the Λc → Λ semileptonic decay in different observables. Our findings indicate high sensitivity to NP in lepton flavour universality ratios, probing multi-TeV scales in some cases. On the theoretical side, we identify LQCD uncertainties in axial and vector form factors as critical for improving NP sensitivity, alongside better SMEFT uncertainty estimations.
Biofilm Formation on Excavation Damaged Zone Fractures in Deep Neogene Sedimentary Rock
Authors: Hirota Akinari , Kouduka Mariko , Fukuda Akari , Miyakawa Kazuya , Sakuma Keisuke , Ozaki Yusuke , Ishii Eiichi , Suzuki Yohey 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDeep underground galleries are used to access the deep biosphere in addition to mining and other engineering applications, such as geological disposal of radioactive waste. Fracture networks developed in the excavation damaged zone (EDZ) are concerned with accelerating mass transport, where microbial colonization might be possible due to the availability of space and nutrients. In this study, microbial biofilms at EDZ fractures were investigated by drilling from a 350-m-deep gallery and subsequent borehole logging at the Horonobe Underground Research Laboratory (URL). By using microscopic and spectroscopic techniques, the dense colonization of microbial cells was demonstrated at the surfaces of the EDZ fractures with high hydraulic conductivity. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed the dominance of gammaproteobacterial lineages, the cultivated members of which are aerobic methanotrophs. The near-complete genomes from Horonobe groundwater, affiliated with the methanotrophic lineages, were fully equipped with genes involved in aerobic methanotrophy. Although the mediation of aerobic methanotrophy remains to be demonstrated, microbial O2 production was supported by the presence of genes in the near-complete genomes, such as catalase and superoxide dismutase that produce O2 from reactive oxygen species and a nitric oxide reductase gene with the substitutions of amino acids in motifs. It is concluded that the EDZ fractures provide energetically favorable subsurface habitats for microorganisms.