bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hill-Robertson Interference Reduces Genetic Diversity on a Young Plant Y-Chromosome
Authors: Hough Josh , Wang Wei , Barrett Spencer C H , Wright Stephen I 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
X and Y chromosomes differ in effective population size (Ne), rates of recombination, and exposure to natural selection, all of which can affect patterns of genetic diversity. On Y chromosomes with suppressed recombination, natural selection is expected to eliminate linked neutral variation, and lower the Ne of Y compared to X chromosomes or autosomes. However, female-biased sex ratios and high variance in male reproductive success can also reduce Y-linked Ne, making it difficult to infer the causes of low Y-diversity. Here, we investigate the factors affecting levels of polymorphism during sex chromosome evolution in the dioecious plant Rumex hastatulus (Polygonaceae). Strikingly, we find that neutral diversity for genes on the Y chromosome is, on average, 2.1% of the value for their X-linked homologs, corresponding to a chromosome-wide reduction of 93% compared to the standard neutral expectation. We demonstrate that the magnitude of this diversity loss is inconsistent with reduced male Ne caused by neutral processes. Instead, using forward simulations and estimates of the distribution of deleterious fitness effects, we show that Y chromosome diversity loss can be explained by purifying selection acting in aggregate over a large number of genetically linked sites. Simulations also suggest that our observed level of Y-diversity is consistent with the joint action of purifying and positive selection, but only for models in which there were fewer constrained sites than we empirically estimated. Given the relatively recent origin of R. hastatulus sex chromosomes, our results imply that Y-chromosome degeneration in the early stages may be largely driven by selective interference rather than by neutral genetic drift of silenced Y-linked genes.
México: posrevolución, nacionalismo, y política inmigratoria.
Authors: Rebolledo Kloques Octavio Bernardo 
Published: August 2017

En este artículo se examina el influjo de la ideología nacionalista surgida de la Revolución Mexicana sobre la manera de entender el rol y la presencia de los extranjeros en el nuevo modelo de nación que se buscó construir.El nacionalismo de tipo defensivo que se afianzó con el estallido de la revolución optó por limitar el aporte del flujo inmigratorio. El surgimiento de la doctrina del Mestizaje representó el marco conceptual en el que prejuicios étnicos y raciales latentes terminaron por sustentar la política de inmigración adoptada por los gobiernos en el periodo posrevolucionario.El ‘pueblo mexicano’ asumió el papel protagónico y exclusivo en el esfuerzo por hacer realidad el nuevo proyecto de sociedad, en tanto que la participación de los extranjeros terminará excluida de él.
Comparing the efficacy of Budesonide and Montelukast in children with asthma: a prospective interventional open label controlled clinical study
Authors: Jangam Sachin S. , Mauskar Anupama 
Published: August 2017

Background: Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease and is more prevalent in children. Inhaled corticosteroids (Budesonide) and leukotriene receptor antagonist (Montelukast) are the drugs of choice for asthma in children. The present study was aimed to compare the efficacy of these drugs in childhood asthma at tertiary care center.Methods: This is a prospective interventional open label controlled clinical study carried out from January 2012 to December 2014. Children recently diagnosed with mild persistent asthma that attended Asthma clinic or admitted in ward of department of paediatrics LTMMC and Hospital, Sion, Mumbai was participated in the study. A total of 70 patients were selected for the study and are categorized into two groups consisting of 35 in each group. Group A patients were given metered dose inhaler (MDI) Budesonide 200 mcg 1 puff twice a day (with MDI spacer and mask for children <5 years and without mask for children >5 years. Group B patients were given Montelukast 4 mg (<5 years) and 5 mg (>5 years) tablet as once a daily in the evening for 1 year. Primary and secondary outcome measures were calculated and analysed.Results: No significant difference on the basis of age and gender was observed among both groups. The complaints of cough, wheeze and breathlessness, lesser emergency department visits, nebulization and lesser number of systemic steroids (days/year) was significantly lesser in patients of group A (p<0.05) compared to group B. Group A subjects had lesser number of acute exacerbations, required lesser number of systemic steroids courses and the frequency of hospitalization. Statistically significant (p<0.05) difference was observed in episode free days in a year among both groups.Conclusions: The findings of the study prove that Budesonide had better efficacy over Montelukast in control of asthma.
Results of the Endoscopic Stenting in Palliative Treatment of Cardioesophageal Cancer
Authors: Strusskiy Leonard Petrovich , Nizamxodjayev Zayniddin Maxamatovich , Ligay Ruslan Yefimovich , Khusanov Anvar Mirzakbarovich , Omonov Rasuljon Raxmonovich , Tsoy Aleksey Olegovich , Adjimuratov M. T. 
Published: August 2017

he article describes experience of treating 232 patients with unresectable cardioesophageal cancer. Of these, minimally invasive endoscopic procedures: endoscopic diatermotunnelization, endoscopic bougienage and endoscopic stenting was performed in 101 patients. Currently, the method of endoscopic stenting is preferred, which was performed in 84 patients, own-developed model of a silicone tube stent was used in all patients. Main early and late complications of using this method were described.Key words: Тumours of the proximal part of the stomach, of surgical treatment, un-resectability, of minimally invasive technologies, diathermotunnelization, endoscopic bougienage and endoscopic stenting
Relapse Bullous Emphysema Complicated by Spontaneous Pneumothorax, after Radical Bullectomy
Authors: Temirbulatov Vladimir Ibrahimovic , Ivanov Ilya Sergeevich , Okunev Oleg Anatolievich , Kletkin Maksim Evgenievich , Sarychev Aleksey Vladimirovich 
Published: August 2017

Actuality The social significance of spontaneous pneumothorax due to the fact that in recent years a growing number of patients with pulmonary bullous emphysema and, accordingly, with spontaneous pneumothorax, as well as the fact that the structure is dominated by patients of working age persons. To date, some difficulties persist in choosing the adequate diagnostic and treatment tactics in this disease.
Objective In a clinical example to show the importance of an integrated approach to of surgical treatment for spontaneous pneumothorax, caused bullous emphysema.
Materials and methods A clinical case of recurrent bullous emphysema complicated by recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax in a patient 32 years old, six years earlier underwent radical surgery - bullectomy on the first episode of spontaneous pneumothorax.
Experimental Method of Fixing Testicle
Authors: Komarova Svetlana Yur’evna , Valamina Irina Evgen’evna , Isaikin Anatoliy Ivanovich 
Published: August 2017

In the following experiment proved the possibility of the use of medical adhesive "Sulfacrylate" for efficient seamless testicular fixation to the tissues of the scrotum. Rabbits were di vided into 2 groups. 3 rabbits (6 testicles) were the control group. The adhesive was spread on the whole surface of the rabbits' testis in this group Experimental group consisted of 13 rabbits (26 testes), in which the adhesive is applied in dot and control conducted in 15, 30, 90 and 180 days. Macroscopic and microscopic picture of the local area of the testis' adhesive fixing is characterized by a strong fixation of the scrotum and the absence of adhesions in the surrounding tissues. By 30 days fixation spot is presented with granulation tissue with organization signs, and by 90 and 180 days compounds zone has the form of a mature connective tissue with clearly limited size and without any adhesions in the surrounding tissues.
Key words: testicles, fixation method, experiment
HIDROLISIS GUGUS METOKSIL PEKTIN AMPAS TEBU UNTUK MENGHASILKAN BIOMETANOL
Authors: Jannah Akyunul , Suryadinata Arief 
Published: August 2017

<p>Methanol is a potential in two areas, namely as fuel cells and biodiesel. Among the many biomass, pectin is one of the best for the production of methanol. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of pectin methyl esterase enzyme concentration (PME) group metoksil rough on pectin hydrolysis of bagasse to produce the highest levels of biometanol.</p> <p>Methods This study includes the preparation of the bagasse, further hydrolysis using crude extract of the enzyme pectin methyl esterase (PMEs) resulting from bacterial culture Bacillus subtilis at Borth Nutrient media (NB) with 1% pectin. Hydrolysis of Metoksil groups of poligalakturonat acid in the pectin bagasse to obtain the concentration of methanol to vary the enzyme crude extract PMEs. Concentration of crude enzyme extract PMEs used was 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% in 24-hour incubation with 2 repetitions performed. The resulting methanol levels were analyzed using GC (Gas Chromatography).</p> The results of this study concluded that allowing the concentration used for hydrolysis of bagasse to produce methanol using crude enzyme from Bacillus subtilis (PMEs) is 10% with a methanol content of 0.02%.
ANALISIS PERMUKAAN ZEOLIT ALAM MALANG YANG MENGALAMI MODIFIKASI PORI DENGAN UJI SEM-EDS
Authors: Prasetyo Anton , Nafsiati Rini , Kholifah Susi Nurul , Botianovi Agie 
Published: August 2017

<p>Nature zeolit is pore material much benefitted in industry sector as adsorben, katalis and many other else. The existence of this material in Indonesia is very exuberate, one of them is Malang. The efforts to improve zeolit quality have already much done by many researchers. In this research, there has been done characterization and zeolit modification in Malang land become mesopori material by using surfaktan CTAB as template. To characterize pore can be done by SEM test and to know the element content can be done by EDS test. From this, we know that from SEM test got result that mophologi structure of zeolit grain generally contains lempengs arranged insmoothly and tend to be amorf shape. SEM test is incapable to identify pore of zeolit such as preparasi, kalsinasi or modified zeolit in order unidentified took pore changing. The result of EDS test occur that the changing of element content of nature zeolit composer in dealuminasi process. So there is changing of ratio Si/Al in nature zeolit where it is</p> <p>3.002 and after dealuminasi 1.8994. Whereas the element content after modification is similar with element content in zeolit having dealuminasi.</p>
Ten-Year Multicenter Clinical and MRI Evaluation of Isolated Supraspinatus Repairs
Authors: Collin Philippe , Kempf Jean-François , Molé Daniel , Meyer Nicolas , Agout Charles , Saffarini Mo , Godenèche Arnaud ,   the Société Française de Chirurgie Orthopédique et Traumatologique (SoFCOT)
Published: August 2017

Background:
Early repair of isolated supraspinatus tears could prevent further deterioration of the rotator cuff; however, there is no consensus on the management of such tears because of a lack of long-term outcome studies. The purposes of this study were to report the 10-year outcomes of isolated supraspinatus repairs and to investigate the factors that favor healing and recovery.

Methods:
We retrieved the records of all 511 patients who, in 2003, underwent repair of full-thickness isolated supraspinatus tears, performed by 15 surgeons at 15 centers. In 2014, the patients were asked to return for evaluation at a minimum follow-up of 10 years. One hundred and eighty-eight patients could not be reached, and 35 were excluded because they had a reoperation (17 had a retear, 7 had conversion to an arthroplasty, and 11 had other causes). A total of 288 patients (50% were men) who had a mean age (and standard deviation) at index surgery of 56.5 ± 8.3 years (range, 32 to 77 years) were evaluated clinically, and 210 of them were also evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Results:
Thirty shoulders (10.4%) had complications, including stiffness (20 shoulders), infection (1 shoulder), and other complications (9 shoulders). The total Constant score improved from a mean of 51.8 ± 13.6 points (range, 19 to 87 points) preoperatively to 77.7 ± 12.1 points (range, 37 to 100 points) at 10 years. At the 10-year follow-up evaluation, the mean Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV) was 84.9 ± 14.8 (range, 20 to 100), and the mean Simple Shoulder Test (SST) was 10.1 ± 2.2 (range, 3 to 12). Of the 210 shoulders evaluated using MRI, the repair integrity was Sugaya type I in 26 shoulders (12%), type II in 85 (41%), type III in 59 (28%), type IV in 27 (13%), and type V in 13 (6%). The total Constant score at the final follow-up was significantly associated with tendon healing (p < 0.005) and was inversely associated with preoperative fatty infiltration (p < 0.001). Neither the surgical approach nor the preoperative retraction influenced the outcomes.

Conclusions:
Repairs of isolated supraspinatus tears maintained considerable improvement in clinical and radiographic outcomes at 10 years. Preoperative fatty infiltration and postoperative retear have a significantly detrimental effect on the long-term functional outcome of rotator cuff repair.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Relationship Between OREF Grants and Future NIH Funding Success
Authors: Hegde Vishal , Johansen Daniel , Park Howard Y. , Zoller Stephen D. , Hamad Christopher , Bernthal Nicholas M. 
Published: August 2017

Background:
The Orthopaedic Research and Education Foundation (OREF) is the leading specialty-specific nongovernmental organization providing orthopaedic funding in the United States. As extramural research funding has become increasingly difficult to acquire, one mission of the OREF is to support investigators to generate data needed to secure larger extramural funding from agencies such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The objectives of this study were to evaluate the rate of translating OREF faculty-level grants into subsequent NIH funding and to determine if there are identifiable factors that increase the rate of converting an OREF grant into NIH funding.

Methods:
This is a retrospective review of OREF grants awarded to full-time faculty orthopaedic surgeons between 1994 and 2014. Grants were analyzed on the basis of award type and were categorized as basic science, clinical, or epidemiological. Sex, individual scholarly productivity, and publication experience were evaluated. All awardees were assessed for subsequent NIH funding using the NIH RePORTER web site.

Results:
One hundred and twenty-six faculty-level OREF grants were awarded to 121 individuals. Twenty-seven OREF grant awardees (22%) received NIH funding at a mean of 6.3 years after OREF funding. Nineteen (46%) of 41 Career Development Grant winners later received NIH funding compared with 10 (12%) of 85 other award winners. OREF grants for basic science projects were awarded more often (58%) and were more than 4 times as likely to result in NIH funding than non-basic science projects (odds ratio, 4.70 [95% confidence interval, 1.66 to 13.33]; p = 0.0036). Faculty who later received NIH funding had higher scholarly productivity and publication experience (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:
The OREF grant awardee conversion rate of 22% and, particularly, the 46% for Career Development Grant winners compares favorably with the overall NIH funding success rate (18% in 2014). Faculty-level OREF grants appear to achieve their purpose of identifying and supporting researchers who aim to secure subsequent federal funding.

Clinical Relevance:
The goal of this study is to examine how successful faculty who have obtained OREF grants have been in securing NIH funding later in their careers. Although subsequent accrual of NIH funding is not the only goal of OREF funding, it can be used as an important benchmark to assess the development of orthopaedic clinician-scientists.
Expanding the Differential: Psoas Abscess
Authors: Bolander Sarah L. , Hoover Eve B. 
Published: August 2017

➢ Psoas abscess is a rare condition with variable presentations that may mimic many other medical diagnoses.➢ A wide variety of underlying medical conditions are associated with an increased risk of the development of a psoas abscess.➢ Mortality rates can be as high as 100% if psoas abscess is undiagnosed and untreated.➢ The classic triad of pain (hip, abdominal, or back), fever, and limp should prompt the clinician to consider psoas abscess in the differential diagnosis.➢ Timely evaluation, including laboratory and imaging studies, may substantially increase the ability of patients with psoas abscess to survive.
Study of Oil Country Tubular Goods Casing and Liner Wear Mechanism on Corrosion-Resistant Alloys
Authors: Matsumoto K.. , Sagara M.. , Miyajima M.. , Kitamura K.. , Amaya H.. 
Published: August 2017

Summary
Oil country tubular goods (OCTG) casing and liner wear is a critical problem in today's drilling environments. To put in place practical countermeasures, it is important to understand its mechanism. This paper presents tribological and electrochemical experiments by use of various OCTG casing materials and environmental liquids, along with the in-situ observation and analysis of the rubbing interface. The results revealed that corrosion-resistant alloys (CRAs) showed an adhesive wear mechanism with relatively high wear rates, whereas low-alloy steels showed an abrasive or a corrosive wear mechanism with mild wear rates. The wear rate had a clear correlation with corrosiveness, where the wear rate increased as corrosion current densities decreased. In-situ observation exhibited that corrosion products γ-FeOOH or Fe3O4 were generated and simultaneously scraped by sliding in the case of carbon steel, whereas no corrosion products were generated in the case of corrosion-resistant alloys. In conclusion, CRAs tend to have metal-to-metal adhesion (scuffing) with iron-based tool material, resulting in a high wear rate. However, low-alloy-steel casing can avoid adhesion by oxidizing its surface, resulting in a mild wear rate.
Evaluación de la sacarificación de yuca mediante el proceso convencional y el proceso low-energy, para su posterior determinación de la cinética de reacción
Authors: Rojas-Pérez Lilia C. , Caicedo-Mesa Luis A. , Aguilar-Arias Jaime L. , Martínez-Ramírez Liliana R. 
Published: August 2017

En este trabajo se evaluaron los ensayos para la obtención de azúcares fermentables a partir de materias amiláceas, en este caso particular yuca, los cuales comprendieron el seguimiento de la reacción de hidrólisis enzimática para la posterior determinación de la cinética de reacción (formación de producto en función del tiempo). En una primera etapa se consideró el proceso convencional que consta de licuefacción y sacarificación, a cargo de una alfa-amilasa y una gluco-amilasa comerciales respectivamente. Yen una segunda etapa la acción bifuncional de una única enzima comercial, analizándose por separado las dos partes constitutivas de la yuca: el parénquima interno y el parénquima externo. La materia prima se caracterizó en cuanto a su composición, porcentaje de humedad, proteína y por último contenido de almidón enbase seca.
Aspectos del microcrédito en su concepción original, en búsqueda de factores de mayor impacto en Colombia: revisión de tema
Authors: Romero-Alvarez Yaneth P. , Arenas-Sosa Andrea P. , Carrillo-Cantillo Deivis J. , Vergara-Bocanument Dairo E. 
Published: August 2017

El artículo tiene como propósito revisar la bibliografía existente de las metodologías utilizadas y los resultados del impacto social de la filosofía microcrédito Grameen en Bangladesh, su país de origen, para encontrar diferencias y posibles determinantes del bajo impacto que éste ha tenido en Colombia y señalar los aspectos fundamentales para alcanzar las metas que se buscan con el microcrédito que se pueden resumir en “erradicar la pobreza”. Adicionalmente, se hace referencia a los modelos de mayor éxito en Latinoamérica como referentes en similitud al caso colombiano. La información se obtuvo mediante la revisión, por palabra clave “Microcrédito”, de publicaciones impresas y bases de datos en internet como Dialnet, E-Libro, CEPAL, EBSCO, entre otras, además gran parte de la información se tomó de las publicaciones del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) tanto en lengua inglesa como española. Asimismo, se manifiestan factores que pueden llevar al éxito en las microfinanzas de acuerdo a investigaciones realizadas por algunos autores. En general, se establece que en Colombia se pueden adoptar los principios del Banco Grameen, ya que publicaciones mencionadas en esta investigación demuestran cómo han mejorado las condiciones de vida de las personas pobres en diferentes países.
Editorial
Authors: TecnoLógicas Los Editores 
Published: August 2017

Cursa actualmente en el Congreso de la República un proyecto que busca modificar la ley 29 de 1990 y establecer el marco jurídico para el desarrollo de una sociedad del conocimiento en Colombia. El proyecto, presentado por los congresistas Jaime Restrcpo Cuartas y Marta Lucía Ramírez, ya recibió el beneplácito de la Comisión Sexta de la Cámara de Representantes, en su primer debate. Los ponentes esperan conciliar los intereses de la dirección de Planeación Nacional, renuente -como toda burocracia- a modificar la estructura del Estado, para entrar a segundo debate a mediados de 2008.
Saliendo del círculo vicioso: hacia la implantación de políticas científicas y tecnológicas en el contexto económico y social de países menos desarrollados
Authors: Acevedo-Álvarez Carlos A. 
Published: August 2017

En este artículo se realiza un análisis de los procesos de "mimetización" de las políticas de ciencia y tecnología que hacen los países menos desarrollados sobre la base de las existentes en los países desarrollados sin tener en cuenta sus contextos económico, tecnológico, científico y social. Este análisis intenta responder preguntas tales como: ¿Cuáles condiciones hacen que las políticas científicotecnológicas de la gran mayoría de países menos desarrollados no traspasan la mera intencionalidad del discurso impreso y además, no logran impactar en el contexto de su desarrollo económico y social de manera que se obtenga la salida del retroceso? ¿Por qué los países menos desarrollados se comprometen en varios tipos de investigación sin tener en cuenta sus reales contextos social, económico, tecnológico y ambiental? ¿Contribuye la inversión en investigación científica, así como tecnológica y de ingeniería dedesarrollo de estos países a su crecimiento económico? Inicialmente se hace un análisis de las teorías que rigen las políticas de ciencia y tecnología en los países desarrollados y cómo son aplicadas en los países menos desarrollados. Luego, se establecen los diferentes tipos de políticas en ciencia y tecnología y sus implicaciones en los países menos desarrollados. Finalmente, se realizan propuestas para empezar a lograr la salida del círculo del subdesarrollo de estos países.