bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New genus and species of Aleyrodidae (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha) from North‐Eastern India, with remarks on its relationships with allied genera
Authors: Dubey Anil K. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA new genus and species of whitefly, Arunaleyrodes geminus, are described from Sago forests of Arunachal Pradesh in North‐Eastern India. Habitus images, camera lucida drawings and scanning electron micrographs are provided to supplement the description and discussions. This new genus is distinguished from Aleurotuba in having long anterior and posterior marginal setae, apically rounded ensiform dorsal setae (except caudal setae), each marginal tooth with a wax‐secreting longitudinal groove along the axis of the tooth, and posteriorly elevated vasiform orifice. An apparently closely related genus, Aleurotuba, is diagnosed, discussed and illustrated here.
Comparative effects of inbreeding and outbreeding on the ontogeny of Heliconius erato phyllis (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
Authors: De Nardin Janaína , Da Silva Luciana , De Araújo Aldo Mellender 
Published: June 2016

AbstractInbreeding depression has been reported in various groups of organisms, including insects. Estimates of inbreeding consequences were obtained by comparing 12 life‐history and morphological traits among nine inbred families (F = 0.25) and 16 outbred families (F = 0) of the Neotropical butterfly Heliconius erato phyllis. A Student's t‐test showed statistically significant differences for pupal weight and right forewing area, both in males and in females, between inbred and outbred families. Survival during development, from egg hatching to adulthood, also differed significantly between inbred and outbred families. The average number of haploid lethal equivalents was 0.17 for pupal weight, 0.15 for forewing area and 0.71 for survival from hatching to adulthood. The results of this study confirm that the consequences of inbreeding are more deleterious to life history traits than to morphological ones.
Prevention of infantile spasms relapse: Zonisamide and topiramate provide no benefit
Authors: Rajaraman Rajsekar R. , Lay Johnson , Alayari Amethyst , Anderson Kirsten , Sankar Raman , Hussain Shaun A. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryObjectiveThere is scant evidence to guide the management of infantile spasms after successful response to initial therapies. There is significant risk of relapse, largely because effective pharmacologic treatments cannot be continued long term because of concern for significant adverse events. Zonisamide (ZNS) and topiramate (TPM) are commonly used to prevent relapse, and the purpose of this study was to specifically evaluate the efficacy of ZNS and TPM as agents for secondary prevention of infantile spasms.MethodsPatients with video–electroencephalography (EEG) confirmed resolution of infantile spasms were retrospectively identified. Relevant clinical data were systematically collected, including lead time from onset of spasms to successful treatment response, etiology of infantile spasms, number of treatment failures prior to response, timing of relapse, and detailed exposure data for ZNS and TPM.ResultsWe identified 106 patients with response to hormonal therapy (n = 58), vigabatrin (n = 25), or surgery (n = 23). To prevent relapse of infantile spasms, 37 patients received ZNS, 34 received TPM, 3 received both ZNS and TPM, and 38 patients received neither ZNS nor TPM. There were 44 relapses, occurring a median of 6.9 (3.2–10.8) months after initial response. Time to relapse was not affected by treatment with ZNS or TPM. Relapse was less likely among patients who were older (hazard ratio 0.97 [per month], p = 0.036) and those who responded to surgical resection (hazard ratio = 0.28, p = 0.017). Of note, we identified a relatively refractory cohort with multiple treatment failures and long lead time to initial response.SignificanceIn this refractory cohort, neither ZNS nor TPM was successful in preventing relapse of infantile spasms, despite relatively high dosages. At this time, aside from surgical resection in eligible candidates, there is no known treatment that is efficacious in the prevention of relapse of infantile spasms.
Vitiligo therapy: restoring immune privilege?
Authors: Boniface Katia , Seneschal Julien , Taïeb Alain , Merched Aksam 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe therapeutic hypothesis proposed by Speeckaert and van Geel in this issue (1) is based on the dramatic effects of the new drugs targeting immune privilege checkpoints (PD1/PDL, CTLA4) in current advanced melanoma therapy as major inductors of vitiligo changes in the skin. Such striking clinical manifestations cannot be classified as mere side effects without considering possible consequences for spontaneously occurring vitiligo.”
Two olfactory receptors—OR2A4/7 andOR51B5—differentially affect epidermal proliferation and differentiation
Authors: Tsai Teresa , Veitinger Sophie , Peek Irina , Busse Daniela , Eckardt Josephine , Vladimirova Dilyana , Jovancevic Nikolina , Wojcik Sebastian , Gisselmann Günter , Altmüller Janine , Ständer Sonja , Luger Thomas , Paus Ralf , Cheret Jeremy , Hatt Hanns 
Published: June 2016

AbstractOlfactory receptors (ORs), which belong to the G‐protein coupled receptor family, are expressed in various human tissues, including skin. Cells in non‐olfactory tissues tend to express more than one individualORgene, but function and interaction of two or moreORs in the same cell type has only been marginally analysed. Here, we revealedOR2A4/7 andOR51B5 as two newORs in human skin cells and identified cyclohexyl salicylate and isononyl alcohol as agonists of these receptors. In cultured human keratinocytes, both odorants induce strong Ca2+signals that are mediated byOR2A4/7 andOR51B5, as demonstrated by the receptor knockdown experiments. Activation of corresponding receptors induces acAMP‐dependent pathway. Localization studies and functional characterization of both receptors revealed several differences.OR2A4/7 is expressed in suprabasal keratinocytes and basal melanocytes of the epidermis and influences cytokinesis, cell proliferation, phosphorylation ofAKTand Chk‐2 and secretion ofIL‐1. In contrast,OR51B5 is exclusively expressed in suprabasal keratinocytes, supports cell migration and regeneration of keratinocyte monolayers, influences Hsp27,AMPK1 and p38MAPKphosphorylation and interestingly,IL‐6 secretion. These findings underline that differentORs perform diverse functions in cutaneous cells, and thus offering an approach for the modulated treatment of skin diseases and wound repair.
Light‐emitting diodes downregulate cathelicidin, kallikrein and toll‐like receptor 2 expressions in keratinocytes and rosacea‐like mouse skin
Authors: Lee Jee‐Bum , Bae Soo Hyeon , Moon Ki Rang , Na Eui Young , Yun Sook Jung , Lee Seung‐Chul 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCathelicidin (LL‐37), Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR‐2) and kallikreins (KLKs) are key inflammatory mediators in rosacea. Laser or light‐based devices have been successfully used for rosacea. We investigated the effects of light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) on LL‐37, KLKs, TLR‐2 and protease activity in cultured normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) and rosacea‐like mouse skin (RLMS). LL‐37, KLK5, KLK7 and vitamin D receptor were induced by 1α, 25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3) and TLR‐2 by Ad‐CMV transfection in cultured NHEKs. NHEKs were subjected to LED irradiation at differing wavelengths (480–940 nm) and fluences (1–40 J/cm2). Inflammatory mediators were analysed with RT‐PCR and real‐time PCR and protease activity analysis and immunocytofluorescence staining were performed for NHEKs. Changes in RLMS induced by LL‐37 peptide were evaluated with real‐time PCR, immunohistochemical staining and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. In NHEKs, LED at 630 and 940 nm significantly attenuated LL37, KLK5 and TLR‐2 mRNA expressions. Protease activity was significantly suppressed at 630, 850 and 940 nm. In the RLMS, LL‐37, KLK5 and PAR‐2 mRNA expressions significantly decreased at 24 and 48 hours after LED irradiation was performed three times at 630 and 940 nm. mCAMP and IL‐8 protein levels and protease activity after LED irradiation were lower than those in RLMS control groups. LED at 630 and 940 nm downregulated TLR‐2, KLK5 and LL‐37 expressions and protease activity in NHEK and RLMS. Thus, LEDs may be promising for rosacea treatment. However, clinical trials are required for further study.
Evidence of slow‐release morphine sulfate abuse and diversion: epidemiological approaches in a French administrative area
Authors: Peyriere Hélène , Nogue Erika , Eiden Céline , Frauger Elisabeth , Charra Maryline , Picot Marie‐Christine ,   List of investigators
Published: June 2016

AbstractSlow‐release oral morphine sulfate (SM) is one of the most abused prescription opioids in France. However, the regional feature of the abuse of morphine is poorly documented. To investigate the abuse of SM in a French administrative region, a multisource approach was applied. The first approach was based on SM exposition at national and regional level using the OPPIDUM survey. In a second approach, we analyzed a drug reimbursement database to assess the magnitude of SM abuse in Languedoc‐Roussillon (LR) region. A clustering method was applied to classify patients and to describe the profile of deviant patients. The third approach was based on a self‐administered anonymous questionnaire, proposed to patients seen in addiction care centers in the LR region and consuming oral SM. The OPPIDUM study showed that in most regions, where the prevalence of heroin use is higher than the national average of 9.1%, SM consumers were fewer. With the clustering method, three subgroups were identified. One of them gathered 35 users (3.2%) with a deviant behavior characterized by significantly more dispensations, dispensing pharmacies, and prescribers. These subjects were mainly men, younger, and more consumers of benzodiazepines and opioid maintenance therapy than the others. The third study allowed specifying that SM was mainly injected (93.7%), bought in the street (80%), and used because of unavailability and the poor quality of heroin (33.9%). The three proposed approaches are complementary and help to clarify the abuse of oral SM, while assessing the motivations of this abuse.
Bisphosphonate‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw: data from the French national pharmacovigilance database
Authors: de Boissieu Paul , Gaboriau Louise , Morel Aurore , Trenque Thierry 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to describe bisphosphonate‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) in the French national pharmacovigilance database. BRONJ was identified with the standardized MedDRA query (SMQ) ‘osteonecrosis’ among all data from 1985 to 31 December 2014. Because this SMQ was not specific to the jaw localization, selection of cases based on anatomy was performed after data extraction. For each case, demographic and medical information was analysed, as well as data about notification (year of notification, year of occurrence, outcome, seriousness). Known associated factors for BRONJ were also documented: dentoalveolar surgery, glucocorticoids, chemotherapy, anti‐angiogenics, denosumab. Among 1404 SMQ notifications, 663 were located in the jaws and 629 were associated with bisphosphonate use. BRONJ reported in the database mainly affected women (n = 443, 71%) with an oncological indication (n = 440, 70%). BRONJ was considered as serious in 91%. Outcome was unfavourable for 92% of cases. Associated factors were identified for 70% of the patients. A peak of notification was noted in 2014 (13% of all cases), but on analysis by year of occurrence instead of by year of notification, this peak disappeared. SMQ ‘osteonecrosis’ appears to be an adequate tool to analyse BRONJ in a pharmacovigilance database.
A Rationale for Criterion‐Referenced Proficiency Testing
Authors: Clifford Ray 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article summarizes some of the technical issues that add to the complexity of language testing. It focuses in particular on the criterion‐referenced nature of the ACTFL Proficiency Guidelines—Speaking; and it proposes a criterion‐referenced interpretation of the ACTFL guidelines for reading and listening. It then demonstrates how using criterion‐referenced testing and scoring enhances the accuracy of reading and listening proficiency ratings while also providing informative feedback to learners.
Transnational status and cosmopolitanism: are dual citizens and foreign residents cosmopolitan vanguards?
Authors: SCHLENKER ANDREA 
Published: June 2016

AbstractEmpirically growing transnationalism and normatively demanded cosmopolitanism may be closely connected when considered as different elements of new forms of citizenship beyond the single nation‐state. Do individuals with either full (dual citizenship) or partial (foreign resident) transnational status exhibit more cosmopolitanism than mono citizens? This article decodes the multidimensional character of cosmopolitanism using major democratic theories – liberalism, republicanism, and communitarianism. Multivariate regression analyses of data from a survey among mono citizens, dual citizens and foreign residents in Switzerland reveal that a transnational status is associated with cosmopolitanism in a differentiated way. Dual citizens and especially foreign residents are more likely than mono citizens to exhibit liberal cosmopolitanism; but only dual citizens having full political rights and opportunities in two countries are more likely to exhibit republican cosmopolitanism and only foreign residents excluded from the political community of residence are more likely to exhibit communitarian cosmopolitanism. Each of them can thus be considered as vanguards in specific ways. Our study furthermore demonstrates the added value of disaggregating both cosmopolitanism and transnationalism.
Introduction: “The Napkin Area and its Dermatoses” symposium proceedings, World Congress of Pediatric Dermatology, September 2013
Authors: Torrelo Antonio 
Published: June 2016

SummaryDr Antonio Torrelo, President of the 12th World Congress of Pediatric Dermatology, introduces the supplement as providing an opportunity for readers to access the lectures and related presentations delivered at the World Congress of Pediatric Dermatology held September 25–27, 2013, in Madrid.
Beyond infections: tumors and malformations of the diaper area
Authors: Krol Alfons 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundWhile most common diaper‐related conditions are easily resolved, the diaper region may be the site of a variety of tumors (either benign or malignant) and other abnormalities that may require completely unique treatment approaches.ObjectivesThis review sought to catalogue the various conditions and complications that may arise in the diaper area during the first few years of life.MethodsTo identify studies included in this review, computerized searches were undertaken in the PubMed and Medline databases using the term tumors of the diaper region with the following terms: tumors, malformations, diaper region, and infant. Searches were limited to studies published between 1995 and 2014.ResultsThe most common types of tumor in the diaper region are called infantile hemangiomas, which vary in presentation between superficial, deep, segmental, and abortive or minimal. Vascular malformations may also occur in the diaper region, in either isolation or as part of a condition that affects the development of blood vessels, soft tissues, and bones. A range of soft tissue tumors and hamartomas may also occur in the diaper region. Other recently described rare conditions are plaque‐like myofibroblastic tumor of infancy (PMTI), and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, which can manifest as congenital or acquired lesions.ConclusionsA range of conditions may arise in the diaper area during the first years of life that may require attention. Vigilant monitoring by parents and pediatricians, appropriate identification, and diagnosis and treatment will help retain health for these young patients.
Infections and skin diseases mimicking diaper dermatitis
Authors: Van Gysel Dirk 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDiaper dermatitis is a common condition that often prompts parents to seek medical attention. Irritant diaper dermatitis is by far the most common cause, but numerous potentially serious diseases can present with changes of the skin in the diaper area. The differential diagnosis can include psoriasis, metabolic disorders, rare immune diseases and infection. Clinical examination can be helpful in distinguishing the underlying cause. General screening laboratory tests, as well as select testing when a specific condition is suspected, can be used to challenge or confirm the putative diagnosis.
Induction of epidermal damage by tape stripping to evaluate skin mildness of cleansing regimens for the premature epidermal barrier
Authors: O'Connor Robert J. , Ogle Julie , Odio Mauricio 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundPrevious works indicate a compromised skin model may be a possible surrogate for premature, undeveloped skin.ObjectivesThis study was performed to investigate the use of a current model as a surrogate test design.MethodsSerial tape stripping on the volar forearms of adult female volunteers (n = 36) was used to “thin” the stratum corneum. The forearm sites received intensive applications of different wiping options that exaggerated the exposures to cleansers that might be experienced by an infant in a neonatal intensive care unit. The recovery of skin barrier function during the wiping regimen, measured by transepidermal water loss (TEWL), was used as the primary indicator of the mildness of the cleansing options. Measurements of TEWL were made prior to the first wash on days 1–4, on day 5 and on day 8. Erythema was graded as a secondary endpoint.ResultsThere was an early and sustained distinction in rates of skin barrier recovery between the washcloth and water treatment, and the two wipes treatments (P < 0.05). Areas submitted to the wipes treatments showed recovery rates similar to that of the tape‐stripped untreated site, indicating that the use of disposable wipes led to minimal perturbation of the recovery process. By contrast, cleansing with a cotton washcloth and water markedly perturbed the repair process compared with all other conditions (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThis model shows promise as a possible surrogate model for assessing the mildness of skin cleansing products for the care of premature infants.
A novelHLA‐B*14 allele – B*14:53 – genetics and serology
Authors: Street J. , Davies E. , Darke C. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryHLA‐B*14:53 was found in aUKEuropean normal blood donor prior to registration on the Welsh Bone Marrow Donor Registry. It differs from B*14:13 by one base (103G>T) in exon 2 resulting in a substitution of alanine (A) in B*14:13 to serine (S) in B*14:53. Unique among currentHLA‐B*14 alleles, B*14:53 and B*14:13 share a motif of 59 bases between positions 361 and 419 in exon 3. This motif is present in numerousHLA‐B alleles the commonest overall being B*08:01, suggesting that both B*14:53 and B*14:13 arose from intralocus gene conversion events with B*08:01. Thus, B*14:53 probably arose from B*14:01:01 (which hasTCCat codon 11 (S), while B*14:13 arose from B*14:02:01:01 which has GCC at codon 11 (A). Additionally, the two likely B*14:53‐bearing and B*14:13‐bearing haplotypes are typical of B*14:01:01‐bearing and B*14:02:01:01‐bearing haplotypes, respectively. Serological testing, using 49 antisera withHLA‐B64, or B64, B65 reactivity, showed that the B*14:53 specificity did not react as a B64 (B*14:01) specificity and may appear as a short/weakHLA‐B14. This implies that residues additional to S at position 11 are involved inHLA‐B64 serological identity; for example, the motif 11S 97W 116F is possessed by B*14:01 and many other B*14 products (and B*39:79 plus someHLA‐C products) but not B65 (B*14:02) or the B*14:53 specificity. B*14:53 was found in a randomHLAsequence‐based typed population of 32 530 normal subjects indicating a low precision allele frequency of 0.000015 in subjects resident in Wales.
Nature and Grace: Two Participations in the Thought of Jonathan Edwards
Authors: Salladin James 
Published: June 2016

AbstractChristian theologians are increasingly interested in both ontological and soteriological forms of participation theology. Paul Gavrilyuk challenges scholars to be more precise in how these relate to each other. This article contributes to the need for further precision by engaging with the thought of Jonathan Edwards. Edwards employed both types of participation, but did not embed one within the other. Ontological participation, dubbed ‘common participation’, undergirds created nature and is a methexis in God for being. Soteriological participation, dubbed ‘special participation’, explains special grace and is a relational koinonia in the love between the Father and the Son. These two participations are complementary and facilitate a clear distinction between nature and grace.
T. S. Papola et le développement de l'économie du travail en Inde
Authors: RODGERS Gerry 
Published: June 2016

RésuméT. S. Papola est l'un des membres fondateurs du Comité de rédaction de la Revue internationale du Travail, constitué en 2007. Il est aussi et surtout une figure de l'économie du travail en Inde, et ses travaux novateurs lui ont valu une large reconnaissance internationale. Au lendemain de sa disparition, en novembre 2015, l'auteur revient dans cet hommage sur certains aspects saillants de son œuvre, en s'appuyant sur les connaissances qu'il a pu rassembler à son contact.
Marco teórico para un plan de investigación aplicado al salario vital
Authors: CARR Stuart C. , PARKER Jane , ARROWSMITH James , WATTERS Paul A. 
Published: June 2016

ResumenEl concepto de salario vital se define por la calidad de vida y de vida laboral, no por la mera subsistencia económica. Implica asimismo verdadera participación social y organizational. En economías en desarrollo, estas claves del «trabajo decente» guardan relación con «las capacidades», que son importantes para los individuos, las organizaciones y la sociedad. Con todo, la relación entre ingresos y capacidades sigue siendo desconocida, y los salarios vitales suelen imponerse por decreto. Los autores elaboran un modelo concéntrico de contingencia integrando las teorías de los estudios de desarrollo, gestión, psicología y relaciones laborales, y formulan proposiciones para ponerlo a prueba empíricamente.
Instituciones y determinación de los salarios en la zona del euro. Evaluación con técnicas de cointegración de panel
Authors: CAMARERO Mariam , D'ADAMO Gaetano , TAMARIT Cecilio 
Published: June 2016

ResumenSe estima aquí la ecuación del salario de equilibrio para la zona del euro en 1995–2011 con técnicas de cointegración de panel que permiten dependencia transversal y rupturas estructurales. Como se esperaba, los salarios presentan una relación positiva con la productividad y negativa con el desempleo. Las variables institucionales incluidas muestran correlación entre flexibilidad y moderación salarial. Además, desde 2004, la mayor competencia internacional reforzó la relación entre salarios y productividad, y la apreciación del tipo de cambio provocó una caída salarial. Los resultados indican también que la intervención gubernamental y la concertación social tienden a moderar los salarios.
Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en América Latina. La importancia de los factores institucionales
Authors: MARINAKIS Andrés 
Published: June 2016

ResumenCon datos de encuestas de hogares, el autor evalúa el nivel del salario mínimo en 16 países de América Latina respecto de los salarios de mercado, el PIB, las líneas de pobreza y el poder adquisitivo; estima después el grado de incumplimiento y su correlación con la relación salario mínimo/salario medio. Comparando las estimaciones y la situación de Chile, Costa Rica, Perú y Uruguay, concluye que, salvo cuando el salario mínimo es muy bajo o sumamente alto con respecto al salario promedio, el mayor o menor cumplimiento depende de la calidad del marco institucional y, más concretamente, de la inspección del trabajo, para cuya mejora formula algunas recomendaciones.