bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of black tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) hatchery in UPT-Perikanan Budidaya Air Tawar (PBAT) Sukorejo, Malang
Authors: Kurniawati L , Elida L , Kholissotin S N , Bayu K , Samara S H 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Black tilapia is a freshwater fish that has become a leading commodity in the UPT-PBAT (Unit Pelayanan Teknis-Pengembangan Budidaya Air Tawar) Sukorejo Freshwater Aquaculture Fisheries with an optimal selling price. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hatcheries activity performance in UPT-PBAT Sukorejo. The method in this research used active participation and descriptive methods. The data collection method used was from primary and secondary data. Primary data taken in this study were fertilization rate, hatching rate, and survival rate while secondary data was from literature comparison and asking directly to the staffs of UPT-PBAT Sukorejo. The results of hatchery performance showed fertilization rate of 95%, hatching rate of 98.6%, and survival rate of 93%. Hatching was carried out naturally using a 1:3 ratio (50 male fish and 150 female fish per pond). The research results indicated that hatchery activity in UPT-Freshwater Aquaculture (PBAT) Sukorejo, Malang showed good performance. However, water quality (ammonia) needs more attention to prevent negative effect in the next aquaculture cycle activity since this study found the ammonia value reached minimum tolerable value. Ammonia that exceeds the limit can cause mortality to black tilapia. Changing water is important to avoid mortality due to high ammonia content.
Study of Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals Mercury (Hg) and Tin (Sn) in Traditional Seaweed (Caulerpa racemosa) Cultivation in Brondong, Lamongan
Authors: Dimar Herfano Akbar R , Andriyono Sapto 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Organisms such as Caulerpa racemosa seaweed, which play a pivotal role as primary producers in marine ecosystems, are particularly vulnerable to the deleterious effects of heavy metal exposure. Thus, comprehending the levels of heavy metals, in conjunction with parameters such as the bioconcentration factor (BCF) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo), pertaining to mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) within the sediment and C. racemosa seaweed in Brondong, Lamongan is imperative for safeguarding the safety of seaweed-derived food products. Sampling of C. racemosa was conducted within traditional seawater ponds utilized for the cultivation of giant groupers, alongside other varieties of seaweed. The concentrations of heavy metals in various anatomical components of the seaweed (ramuli, stolons, rhizoids) and sediment were determined through spectrophotometric analysis utilizing Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrophotometer (ICP-MS). Laboratory analyses disclosed mercury (Hg) concentrations in C. racemosa ranging from 0.0212 ppm in rhizoids to 0.00437 ppm in ramuli, whereas tin (Sn) concentrations exhibited variability from 0.0392 ppm in rhizoids to 0.0390 ppm in ramuli. While mercury remained undetectable in sediment samples, moderate concentrations of tin were observed at approximately 2.10 ppm. The calculated bioconcentration factors (BCF) for tin in different segments of C. racemosa ranged from 0.0187 ppm to 0.0114 ppm, suggesting a low degree of bioaccumulation. Geoaccumulation index (Igeo) values spanned from -4.1876 to -4.2186 across distinct segments of C. racemosa, indicating marginal accumulation of heavy metals.
The effect of salt differences on the production of toothpaste enriched through baking soda (NaHCO3) and ascorbic acid (C6H8O6)
Authors: Andini R A R P , Alamsjah M A , Saputra E 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Salt is a compound with the main composition in the form of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) which has antibacterial properties. The antibacterial properties of salt can be utilized in toothpaste. Toothpaste with the addition of salt can also be enriched with baking soda (NaHCO3) and ascorbic acid/vitamin C (C6H8O6). This study aims to determine the effect of salt differences in toothpaste enriched through baking soda (NaCHO3) and ascorbic acid (C6H8O6). The salt addition treatment used is 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%. The addition of salt to toothpaste enriched through baking soda (NaHCO3) affects organoleptic, antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans is included in the category of weak to moderate inhibitory, homogeneous results, viscosity values that have been in accordance with SNI 12-3524-1995, pH values with a range of 10.33-10.41, and foam formation values with a range of 0.6-1.70 cm. The addition of salt to toothpaste enriched through ascorbic acid (C6H8O6) affects organoleptic, antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans which is included in the category of weak inhibitory, homogeneous results, viscosity values close to SNI 12-3524-1995, pH values with a range of 9.1-10, and foam formation values of 0.8-1.55 cm.
Electromagnetically induced grating via amplitude and phase modulations in a three-level V-type atomic medium
Authors: Hien Nguyen Thi Thu , Bang Nguyen Huy , Cuong Bui Van , Anh Nguyen Thi Quynh , Khoa Dinh Xuan , Nga Luong Thi Yen , Dong Hoang Minh , Anh Nguyen Tuan , Ai Nguyen Van , Thuan Phan Van , Mai Anh Le Nguyen , Doai Le Van 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A probe laser beam can be completely absorbed in an atomic resonance frequency region, however, if a coupling laser beam is further applied to the atom, the atomic medium can exhibit electromagnetically induced transparency, i.e the probe beam can be completely transmitted through the atomic medium. Thus, if the coupling beam is a standing wave field with nodes and antinodes, it will cause in space a periodic modulation of the transmitted spectrum of the probe field. This means that the probe field propagates through the atomic medium just as it passes through a diffraction grating which is called electromagnetically induced grating. Based on amplitude or phase modulation of transmission function, the absorption grating or the phase grating can be formed, respectively. In this work, based on controllable absorption and dispersion properties of a three-level V-type atomic system, we study the control of the absorption grating and the phase grating with respect to the intensity and the frequency of the laser fields. The absorption diffraction pattern at the two-photon resonance is obtained, while the phase diffraction pattern appears when there is a frequency shift of either the coupling frequency or the probe frequency compared to the corresponding atomic resonance frequency. By adjusting the coupling or/and probe laser frequency, the absorption grating can be converted into the phase grating and the high-order diffraction efficiency can also be improved.
Security in Crisis
Authors: Peoples Columba 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The concept of crisis is a recurrent staple in representations of modern forms of insecurity—from nuclear proliferation to cyber-security, armed conflict, the instability of political institutions, from pandemics to risks of social and financial collapse. Amidst this seeming ubiquity and ever-presence, the onset of climate and ecological emergencies as potential planetary-scale threats to the habitability of the Earth raise particularly urgent questions for how we conceive of and deal with crisis insecurity. How these forms of planetary insecurity come to be known, understood, and managed is thus of pressing importance. This book consequently seeks to provide an analysis of the complex combinations of political and technological understandings entailed in what it terms as ‘planetary crisis management’. Arguing that the emergence, scope, and scale of planetary insecurity and crisis management challenge traditional disciplinary boundaries of the study of International Relations and security, the book adopts an interdisciplinary outlook that integrates ideas and approaches from across political theory and anthropology (on conceptions of crisis); climate science and the wider study of environment and ecology in the ‘Anthropocene’ (on planetary insecurities and ideas of geoengineering); Science and Technology Studies (on the ‘technopolitics’ of crisis management and the ‘sociotechnical imagination’ of planetary futures); and critical security studies (on critical approaches to the international and to security). In the process, the book considers how technopolitical ‘fixes’ for planetary crisis and emergency are often bound up with vexed questions of who ‘we’ are, and what it means to imagine and secure a planetary future.
Crisis, Critique, and International Insecurity
Authors: Peoples Columba 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Crisis framings are commonly invoked, in various ways, within International Relations (IR) and security studies. This chapter makes the case that crisis matters not just because it has become a commonplace and recurring term in modern political discourse, but because it, ostensibly, serves as a marker of pivotal moments at which time the existing order of things is threatened, open to question, and potentially subject to radical change. Analysed in this way, conceptions of crisis involve determinations of the current status quo, the ways in which it is threatened, and how those threats might be managed with a view to future outcomes. Developing this as an analytical framework in relation to IR debates and scholarship on the ‘crisis of the liberal international order’ and of ‘The Anthropocene’, this chapter provides the foundations for more specific discussions and analysis of ‘planetary crisis management’ to come later in the book.
Bounding Planetary Insecurities
Authors: Peoples Columba 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
What sort of boundary work is done (or undone) when concepts such as ‘planetary boundaries’, related calls for ‘planetary stewardship’, and goals of the preservation of Earth as a ‘safe operating space for humanity’ are interpolated into IR and security studies? In part, this chapter suggests, addressing that kind of question invites prior consideration and investigation of what binding or un-binding concepts of security to particular scales and spaces of politics might entail. Via specific engagement with the work of Jef Huysmans and Daniel Deudney, the chapter moves to consider the broader technopolitics of planetary boundary disputes and, especially, the implications and provocations arising from scholarship citing the ‘technosphere’ as a defining feature of the modern planetary condition.
Planetary Crisis at the Limits of Sociotechnical Imagination
Authors: Peoples Columba 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A key aspect of the technopolitics of planetary crisis management, this chapter seeks to argue, is the existence of different associated forms of sociotechnical imagination: of how ‘we’ might manage to secure a planetary future. These range, as the chapter details, from apocalyptic visions of ecological disaster and an uninhabitable Earth to ‘ecomodernist’ proposals for the extension of human flourishing into the future via progressive, technologically enabled ‘decoupling’ of humanity from nature. Reviewing such arguments, the chapter also engages with how they have been transposed and incorporated into IR and discussions of (ecological) security. Relative to the latter, ‘the international’ is often conceived of as limiting and preventing a full emergence of planetary governance: with the international as a recurrent source of crisis in efforts to secure a planetary future, and as obstructing the motions of what could otherwise be imagined as a fully functioning, geoengineered Earth machine.
Association between dizziness and future falls and fall-related injuries in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Yuxiao , Smith Rebecca M , Whitney Susan L , Seemungal Barry M , Ellmers Toby J 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Dizziness is common in older adults, especially in those attending falls services. Yet, the extent to which dizziness is associated with future falls has not been reviewed. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the association between dizziness and future falls and related injuries in older adults.

Methods
EMBASE, CINAHL Plus, SCOPUS and PsycINFO databases were searched from inception to 5 February 2024. The review was registered on PROSPERO (registration ID: CRD42022371839). Meta-analyses were conducted for the associations of dizziness with future falls (including recurrent and injurious falls). Three meta-analyses were performed on different outcomes: any-type falls (≥1 falls), recurrent falls (≥2 falls) and injurious falls.

Results
Twenty-nine articles were included in the systematic review (N = 103 306 participants). In a meta-analysis of 14 articles (N = 46 795 participants), dizziness was associated with significantly higher odds of any-type future falls (OR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.44–1.84). In another meta-analysis involving seven articles (N = 5630 participants), individuals with dizziness also had significantly higher odds of future recurrent falls (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.62–2.42). For both meta-analyses, significant overall associations were observed even when adjusted for important confounding variables. In contrast, a meta-analysis (three articles, N = 46 631 participants) revealed a lack of significant association between dizziness and future injurious falls (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.87–1.45).

Conclusions
Dizziness is an independent predictor of future falls in older adults. These findings emphasise the importance of recognising dizziness as a risk factor for falls and implementing appropriate interventions.
New beginnings for dead ends: polyploidy, -SSE models and the dead-end hypothesis
Authors: Hagen Eric R , Beaulieu Jeremy M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Since the mid-20th century, it has been argued by some that the transition from diploidy to polyploidy is an ‘evolutionary dead end’ in plants. Although this point has been debated ever since, multiple definitions of ‘dead end’ have been used in the polyploidy literature, without sufficient differentiation between alternative uses.

Scope
Here, we focus on the two most common conceptions of the dead-end hypothesis currently discussed: the ‘lowering diversification’ hypothesis and the ‘rarely successful’ hypothesis. We discuss the evidence for both hypotheses, and we use a recently developed method of inferring tip diversification rates to demonstrate tests for the effect of ploidy on diversification in Solanaceae.

Conclusions
We find that diversification rates in the family are not strongly correlated with ploidy or with the closely related trait of breeding system. We also outline recent work in the field that moves beyond the relatively simple question of whether polyploidy increases, decreases or does not significantly affect diversification rates in plants.
Flash behaviors protect prey from avian predators
Authors: No Seongsoo , Yang Hyeon-Mo , Sherratt Thomas N , Kang Changku 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
It has been proposed that flash behaviors, defined as the transient display of conspicuous color patches during the escape, serve as an antipredator defense in camouflaged prey. While recent studies in humans have demonstrated the effectiveness of flash behaviors in improving the survival of artificial prey, it remains unclear whether these benefits also arise in more natural systems involving nonhuman predators. This study investigated the adaptive significance of flash behaviors using chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus) as predators and virtual prey. Our experiments revealed that prey employing flash behaviors consistently enhanced their survival rate compared with nonflashing prey. Additionally, prey with nonconspicuous escape colors, though distinct from their resting colors, also showed a higher survival rate than nonflashing prey, challenging the conventional belief that conspicuous colors are required for search interference. An interplay between prey size and flash behaviors in enhancing survival was evident, with larger prey benefiting more than smaller prey. We found no evidence to suggest that being hidden before initiating an escape confers a survival advantage to flashing prey compared with being visible before the escape. This study sheds light on the adaptive benefits of flash behaviors against natural predators and contributes to our understanding of the widespread occurrence of hidden color signals in camouflaged prey. We encourage further studies to explore the effectiveness of remaining hidden in flashing prey when confronted with natural predators, as well as how predators might learn to overcome the deception of flash behaviors.
Use of game-based learning strategies for dermatology and dermoscopy education: a cross-sectional survey of members of the International Dermoscopy Society
Authors: Donoso Francisca , Peirano Dominga , Agüero Rosario , Longo Caterina , Apalla Zoe , Lallas Aimilios , Jaimes Natalia , Navarrete-Dechent Cristian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Dermoscopy is a valuable tool in the diagnosis of various skin conditions. It increases sensitivity and specificity in skin cancer diagnosis, as well as in infectious, inflammatory and hair diseases. However, mastering the intricacies of dermoscopy can be challenging. In this context, innovative educational methods are sought, including game-based learning (GBL) strategies.

Objectives
To describe current perceptions, knowledge and use of GBL strategies in dermoscopy education, and identify strengths and challenges to enhance their use.

Methods
A web-based cross-sectional survey with 25 questions was distributed to members of the International Dermoscopy Society ­between October 2022 and April 2023. Responses were collected and analysed using frequency analysis and graphical representation.

Results
In total, 801 responses were received. Of these, 46.6% of respondents were unfamiliar with gamification and serious games. Among those acquainted with these concepts, 56.3% reported using GBL strategies for education. Younger participants were more likely to use GBL strategies (P = 0.02). Participants familiar with GBL believed it enhanced medical education (78.5%) but should not entirely replace traditional teaching methods (96.0%). For dermoscopy education specifically, 22.1% of respondents had used GBL strategies, with Kahoot! (35.5%) and YOUdermoscopy (24.1%) being the most commonly used platforms. Respondents found gaming strategies to be fun (95.5%), motivating (91.0%) and valuable for e-learning (94.4%).

Conclusions
Results from this survey demonstrate a favourable perception of GBL strategies in dermatology education, including dermoscopy. While there are ongoing challenges in validation, GBL strategies are promising and valuable tools that can aid the learning and teaching experience. Addressing implementation barriers and validating existing games could optimize the impact of GBL on dermatology education.
Congenital ichthyosis is associated with cutaneous infections in a case–control study of 2260 patients
Authors: Curtis Kaya L , Zeldin Steven , Lipner Shari R 
Published: September 2024

Teaser text
Evidence of congenital ichthyosis association with cutaneous infections is limited to case reports. We conducted a nested case–control study assessing congenital ichthyosis associations with cutaneous infections using a large national database. Compared with controls, patients with congenital ichthyosis had higher odds of onychomycosis, tinea corporis, verruca vulgaris, and tinea pedis.
Functional interactions underlying visuospatial orthographic processes in Chinese reading
Authors: Wei Yanjun , Wang Jianqin , Wang Huiping , Paz-Alonso Pedro M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
As a logographic writing system, Chinese reading involves the processing of visuospatial orthographic (ORT) properties. However, this aspect has received relatively less attention in neuroimaging research, which has tended to emphasize phonological (PHO) and semantic (SEM) aspects in processing Chinese characters. Here, we compared the functional correlates supporting all these three processes in a functional MRI single-character reading study, in which 35 native Chinese adults were asked to make ORT, PHO, and SEM judgments in separate task-specific activation blocks. Our findings revealed increased involvement of the right hemisphere in processing Chinese visuospatial orthography, particularly evident in the right ventral occipito-temporal cortex (vOTC). Additionally, time course analysis revealed that the left superior parietal gyrus (SPG) was initially involved in SEM processing but contributed to the visuospatial processing of words in a later time window. Finally, ORT processing demonstrated stronger recruitment of left vOTC-SPG-middle frontal gyrus (MFG) functional connectivity compared to SEM processing. This functional coupling correlated with reduced regional engagement of the left vOTC and MFG, highlighting that visuospatial ORT processes in reading Chinese rely on functional interactions among key regions rather than local regional processes. In conclusion, these findings underscore visuospatial ORT processes as a distinctive feature of reading logographic characters.
Influenza sequence validation and annotation using VADR
Authors: Calhoun Vincent C , Hatcher Eneida L , Yankie Linda , Nawrocki Eric P 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Tens of thousands of influenza sequences are deposited into the GenBank database each year. The software tool FLu ANnotation tool (FLAN) has been used by GenBank since 2007 to validate and annotate incoming influenza sequence submissions and has been publicly available as a webserver but not as a standalone tool. Viral Annotation DefineR (VADR) is a general sequence validation and annotation software package used by GenBank for norovirus, dengue virus and SARS-CoV-2 virus sequence processing that is available as a standalone tool. We have created VADR influenza models based on the FLAN reference sequences and adapted VADR to accurately annotate influenza sequences. VADR and FLAN show consistent results on the vast majority of influenza sequences, and when they disagree, VADR is usually correct. VADR can also accurately process influenza D sequences as well as influenza A H17, H18, H19, N10 and N11 subtype sequences, which FLAN cannot. VADR 1.6.3 and the associated influenza models are now freely available for users to download and use.
Database URL: https://bitbucket.org/nawrockie/vadr-models-flu.