bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yellowstone Interviews
Authors: Nelson Thomas E. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes in detail 17 interviews that were conducted with individuals involved in one way or another with the controversy over snowmobiling in Yellowstone National Park. Both activists and policymakers were interviewed, including former Yellowstone National Park Superintendent Mike Finley, who engineered the ban on snowmobiles. The interviews show that, as with the intelligent design (ID) debate, both sides of the winter use issue competed over many of the same values, including preservation and recreation. Snowmobile promoters naturally seized upon the recreation mandate, but they also laid claim to being just as environmentally sensitive as their opponents. Those who wished to ban or curtail snowmobiling often availed themselves of the institutional role assignment tactic—arguing that snowmobiling is all well and good but is not appropriate inside a national park.
A Cold War Conjuncture
Authors: Amar Tarik Cyril 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Chapter 7 discusses similarities and differences between Stakes Greater than Life, Seventeen Moments of Spring, and The Invisible Visor. It also compares the spy hero popular culture of the Cold War East with that of the West. The chapter explores the relationship between the memory of World War II and the Cold War. It also details the diversity of the Cold War East and shows that images of the Cold War Other depended on the trajectories of national history. Also discussed are the historically unprecedented global rise of the spy to the status of popular culture hero; the development of public relations by secret police and intelligence agencies; and the emergence of traditional—predigital and pre-internet—television as the most dynamic and single most important mass media of the Cold War period.
How Catholics Encounter the Bible
Authors: Peppard Michael 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This book describes and analyzes the multifaceted relationship between Catholics and the Bible. It explores the paradoxical role of the Bible for Catholics—a book central to their tradition, but not usually in the form of a book. The opening chapters explore the role of the Bible in the Mass, highlighting the centrality of Gospel narratives and the often predictive interpretations of the Hebrew Scriptures. Special attention is paid to the depiction of biblical women and the representation of Jews and Judaism in liturgical readings. Subsequent chapters examine the Bible’s presence in rituals of the Catholic life cycle, devotional practices, and cultural expressions. A substantial portion of the book is devoted to the visual arts, tracing the development of Catholic biblical art from the late Roman Empire through the Middle Ages, including everything from sarcophagi to stained glass to liturgical drama. The Bible also infuses the Catholic imagination in literature and popular media, and thus the book examines representative figures from poetry, fiction, music, and film. The book concludes with analysis of direct textual engagement of Catholics with the Bible in devotional reading and scholarship, considering its impact on doctrine and ethics. From beginning to end, the argument is framed by the Annunciation and the Pietà, symbolizing the central roles of Jesus and Mary in Catholic biblical engagement. This guided tour shows the dynamic ways in which Catholics encounter, interpret, and embody the Bible throughout their lives.
The Bible in Catholic Worship
Authors: Peppard Michael 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes and analyzes how the Bible is mediated by the Catholic Mass, especially the Sunday Mass. It explains the history of using scripture in Christian worship and analyzes the current lectionary of readings, showing how the Gospel narratives of Jesus’ life, death, and Resurrection undergird the Catholic liturgical design. The chapter highlights the reforms to the lectionary undertaken during Vatican II and analyzes the principles behind those reforms. Even with a larger set of readings for Mass, the Hebrew scriptures of the Christian Old Testament are often still interpreted only as predictions of later revelations. The Psalms, however, are sometimes allowed to speak for themselves in Catholic biblical proclamation. The chapter concludes by critiquing patterns of omission in the lectionary, especially its treatment of biblical women.
Bible Study and Scholarship
Authors: Peppard Michael 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This final chapter covers what some readers of this book might have assumed the entire book is about. When Catholics do actually sit down to read the text of the Bible, how do they proceed and how do they interpret? Contexts of prayer still remain important, whether for Latin American “base communities” that study the Bible together or an individual listening to a chart-topping Catholic podcast about the Bible. Catholics have sometimes sought guidance from Bible reading to think through doctrinal controversies or illuminate ethical gray areas. As for scholarly approaches to the Bible, Catholics had long been transmitters and translators of biblical manuscripts but had been slow to adopt modern critical readings. The late twentieth century finally saw significant growth in this area, following papal approval of the modern discipline of “biblical studies.”
The Middle English Losenger
Authors: Bowers John M. , Steffensen Peter 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
During the 1940s while working on The Lord of the Rings, Tolkien became increasingly fascinated with the Chaucerian word losenger, meaning a “lazy fraud”, probably in some measure as self-accusation for wasting his time on fantasy writings rather than philological studies. He made this word the subject of his 1947 lecture to the Oxford Dante Society, and he drafted a letter to the Times on the word faynights with related senses of “shirking” and “excuse-making”. Inspired by Chaucer’s use of the word losenger in Legend of Good Women, Tolkien made it the subject of a conference paper delivered in Liège in 1951. The 1953 publication of this lecture “Middle English Losenger” strenuously demonstrated the sort of philological skills which he had shirked for years while working on The Lord of the Rings.
Valedictory to Chaucer, 1959
Authors: Bowers John M. , Steffensen Peter 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Tolkien used the occasion of his retirement lecture to continue his career-long advocacy of language over literary studies, and he steadily emphasized Chaucer as an author who benefited most from careful philological studies. He addressed a packed audience in Merton College’s hall on 5 June 1959. We extract relevant Chaucerian passages from the version published in the 1979 memorial volume J. R. R. Tolkien: Scholar and Storyteller. In his 1983 collection Monsters and the Critics and Other Essays, Christopher Tolkien published a text incorporating further emendations, but could not say whether these were made before or after the actual lecture. Drafting for the lecture survives in the Bodleian Library.
Neurocognitive, Neuropsychiatric, and Neurological Aspects of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, Covid-19)
Authors: Chakraborty Stuti 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also referred to as the novel coronavirus (Covid-19), belongs to the Sarbecovirus subgenus of the genus Betacoronavirus. In December 2019, unbiased sequencing in samples obtained from a cluster of patients symptomatic for pneumonia of unknown cause led to the discovery of Covid-19. The virus was highly transmittable and rapidly spreading, which led to the declaration of a global pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. The symptoms of infection with Covid-19 replicated those seen in viral pneumonia and included cough, fever, and chest congestion and discomfort. More than two-thirds of patients hospitalized with the disease suffered from damage to the central nervous system in addition to respiratory symptoms. Along with neurological manifestations, evidence of psychiatric and cognitive involvement was also recorded in Covid-19 infection. Commonly reported psychiatric and neuropsychiatric presentations included depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, delirium, altered consciousness, and dysexecutive syndrome. Cognitive decline because of Covid-19 infection was observed in functioning related to memory, executive functioning, and verbal fluency. This chapter discusses the multifold acute as well as persistent neuropsychiatric, cognitive, and neurological manifestations of Covid-19.
Neuropsychological and Neuropsychiatric Functioning in Post-Treatment Lyme Disease
Authors: Touradji Pegah 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Lyme disease is a prevalent tick-borne infectious disease across temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. Chronic, persistent symptoms primarily characterized by fatigue, pain, and/or cognitive difficulties occur in a subgroup of individuals with Lyme disease even after receiving timely and appropriate treatment. Only a subgroup of individuals with post-treatment Lyme disease show mild cognitive deficits in verbal memory, verbal fluency, and processing speed on objective neuropsychological testing. Similarly, only a subgroup of post-treatment Lyme patients present with mild depressive symptoms and it is unclear if mood issues have a neuropsychiatric etiology. Though there are no clear biomarkers associated with chronic post-treatment Lyme disease symptoms, neuroradiological studies show cortical and subcortical white matter vulnerabilities with microglial activation suggestive of circulating inflammatory markers.
Associations Between Toxocara and Neurocognitive Function
Authors: Holland Celia V. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Human toxocariasis remains a neglected disease despite a recent estimate that 19 percent of the world’s population is exposed to infection. Reasons for this neglect include diagnostic difficulties and a disease picture that remains, in many cases, cryptic. However, as improvements in diagnostic certainty increase and the knowledge of the disease entities associated with toxocariasis continue to accumulate, the public health significance of this enigmatic zoonosis becomes more apparent. Undoubtedly, of the four clinical syndromes associated with human toxocariasis, cerebral toxocariasis remains the most poorly understood despite the potentially devastating effects of brain involvement, with a relatively large etiological agent. However, recent large-scale human studies have provided important evidence for an association between Toxocara seropositivity and cognitive deficits in both children and adults. Presently, evidence is lacking for the impact of infection on human behavior but animal models, particularly mice, provide ample evidence for a range of behavioral changes in infected animals. Recent advances in the understanding of the cerebral immune response in infected mice, including biomarkers of brain injury, further underline the potential significance of cerebral toxocariasis in humans. Of importance, the link between the observed behavioral changes in mice and evidence of pathological and immunological changes has not yet been firmly established. To conclude, progress in the ability to understand the impact of cerebral toxocariasis has been made but it is also clear that significant gaps in knowledge remain. Parallel observations in both humans and animal models are required to provide important lines of enquiry to pursue. Perhaps the most fundamental of these relate to the link between Toxocara infection and neurodegenerative disease.
Dementia Risk Associated with Infectious Disease
Authors: Farrer Thomas J. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Dementia risk factors are important to recognize with the growing population of older adults. Due to immunosenescence and common comorbidities, older adults are particularly susceptible to infectious diseases, and the scientific literature demonstrates a strong association between infectious diseases and dementia risk. Many such infections are potentially preventable through vaccinations, and studies show that antiviral agents reduce dementia risk. As such, public health measures related to infectious diseases may also lower dementia incidence. This chapter discusses a broad range of central nervous system and other infections, the risk of dementia among individuals with infectious diseases, and common mechanisms of action.
Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Dunn Nicky , Fogdell-Hahn Anna 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system. While the exact etiology of MS remains unknown, it appears to be triggered by environmental factors in genetically susceptible people. From an environmental perspective, viral infections, in particular, herpesviruses, are among the most plausible agents triggering MS. Interestingly, several current treatments for MS either directly or indirectly target viral infections. This chapter explores similarities and differences of MS with other central nervous system diseases triggered by viral infections and provides examples of animal models that have assisted in elucidating the mechanisms underpinning the disease. It then explores the association between MS and herpesviruses in further detail and introduces an alternative mechanistic hypothesis to molecular mimicry, the incorporation hypothesis, for how viruses could trigger MS as well as other diseases.
The Possible Infectious Origins of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Fibromyalgia and Other Infectious Diseases Causing Cognitive Consequences
Authors: Friedman Kenneth J. , Ruhoy Ilene S. , Fennell Patricia A. , George Shane 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Research findings from multiple countries and spanning decades support the hypothesis that one or more specific infections may precede myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and (ME/CFS) and fibromyalgia (FM) and that ME/CFS and FM can be associated with cognitive dysfunction. This chapter discusses the most frequent viral precedents of ME/CFS and the evidence for some bacterial infections preceding ME/CFS and FM including discussing the strongest candidates for FM and commenting on the risk of FM in those with human immunodeficiency virus. Patients with conditions such as osteomyelitis, periodontitis, and rhinosinusitis are also more likely to develop FM. Reports of cognitive dysfunction after the onset of ME/CFS and FM come from multiple countries and have been reported for decades. However, the lack of consistency in the characterizations of the cognitive impairments associated with ME/CFS and FM and the lack of standardization of cognitive assessment instruments prevent a determination as to whether ME/CFS and FM can be differentiated from each other based on cognitive performance. Finally, cognitive dysfunction in long Covid appears to be similar to that of ME/CFS and FM. Other less-studied infectious diseases, including Chikungunya virus and dengue virus, also may be associated with cognitive dysfunction and may be of greater importance than previously appreciated.
Conclusion
Authors: Hedges Dawson W. , Gale Shawn D. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
There is a substantial global burden of cognitive dysfunction, including mild cognitive impairment and dementia, and neuropsychiatric disease. Unfortunately, for many people with mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and neuropsychiatric conditions, there is no currently available effective treatment, making the identification of potentially modifiable risk factors important. Some types of infectious diseases including certain bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections have been associated with cognitive dysfunction, dementia, and neuropsychiatric conditions. The association between infectious diseases and cognitive function, dementia, and neuropsychiatric conditions is likely complex, likely involving different types of mechanisms but also potentially offering new insights into the etiologies of diseases affecting the brain. Moreover, infectious diseases potentially affecting brain function appear to disproportionately affect people including children in low-income and middle-income regions. Overall, however, more research is needed to better characterize associations between infectious diseases and brain function and the strength and validity of these associations. As the authors of the chapters in this book have indicated, a large but still developing body of research has implicated viral, bacterial, and parasitic diseases in the pathogenesis of cognitive deficits, neurodegenerative diseases, and neuropsychiatric diseases. Despite the need for additional evidence, infectious diseases are potentially modifiable risk factors for neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric diseases.
Introduction
Authors: Gill Ann-Katrin , Smith Mark 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Introduction gives an overview of the Glorification Recited on Each Due Occasion of the Embalming Place and sets it in its wider historical, religious, and sociological context. It provides full descriptions of all known textual witnesses, including information about their materiality, date, provenance, and original owners, with comprehensive bibliographies for each version. It is divided into individual sections devoted to the title of the work, previous work done on it by other scholars, the main textual witnesses preserved on papyrus, the scribes who wrote them and their relationships with one another, objects inscribed with individual spells from the collection, the number of spells, sources and parallels for these, the sequence of spells, the ritual context in which they were employed, the diffusion of the text, its grammar and style, and the conventions employed in our edition.
Life and Death at the Convent of Chelles
Authors: Moreira Isabel 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the wake of Ebroin’s coup, Balthild was sent to live the remainder of her life at the convent of Chelles. This chapter considers what life would have been like for a queen who entered a convent. It examines the other royal models for this life-change and asks whether Balthild lived as a nun in the convent and discusses the demands of monastic rules used at the convent. The chapter discusses events taking place outside the convent walls including the murder of her son, Chilperic, her daughter-in-law, and her unborn grandchild. It examines Balthild’s acquisition of relics for her convent and examines her final year of life, her sickness and diet, and her death. It explains how she was buried and how her body was exhumed, examined, and reburied, and how her relics, including clothing, came to be held and distributed by the convent. The chapter concludes with a discussion of her nascent cult as a saint and how the Carolingians reinvested in her cult and the convent.
Mother, Mutilator—and Murderer?
Authors: Moreira Isabel 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter delves into the medieval legends that surrounded Balthild. From her characterization as a Jezebel in the Life of Wilfrid, to the legend of the hamstrung princes, and the romances of the late medieval period, Balthild emerged in these stories variously as a saint, a mutilator, and a murderer of bishops. The chapter analyses Eligius of Noyon’s prophecy about the birth of her son and Balthild’s actions at Eligius’ funeral as described by Audoin of Rouen. The chapter describes how the legend of “Les énervés de Jumièges” inspired a famous painting by Évariste-Vital Luminais exhibited in the Paris salon in 1880, thus contributing further to the bizarre reputation of Balthild in the late nineteenth century.
Postracial Stardom
Authors: Wilks Jennifer M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines how the movie musicals Carmen Jones (dir. Otto Preminger, 1954) and Carmen: A Hip Hopera (dir. Robert Townsend, 2001) functioned as pivotal moments in the careers of Dorothy Dandridge and Beyoncé Knowles-Carter. Their respective star turns positioned the two actors to transition from intraracial fame to mainstream, or postracial, stardom, but only Beyoncé ultimately achieved that goal. Although Dandridge came close, appearing on the cover of Life magazine and becoming the first African American woman nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role, she found herself constrained by persistent racism within 1950s Hollywood and a lack of control in guiding her career. Carmen Jones was the role that both catapulted Dandridge to stardom and confined her to portrayals of the stereotypically alluring, exotic woman of color. In the more progressive context of the early 2000s, in contrast, Beyoncé pivoted from both her depiction of Carmen and beginnings in an R&B girl group to become a consummate entertainer who transcends artistic genres and racial categories. Whereas the “hip hopera” draws primarily from Preminger’s film as its model, it is Mérimée’s literary Carmen—a shrewd polyglot who embraces her Romani identity and serves as de facto leader of her associates—who seems a more fitting point of comparison for Beyoncé’s thriving, carefully crafted post-MTV career.
Research Materials of Special Value to the Psychobiographer
Authors: Anderson James William 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
While the usual sources, such as letters and diaries, are useful for a psychobiographer, certain materials provide a portal into the subject’s inner life: slips of the tongue and related phenomena, humor, body language, fictional writing, art, dreams and fantasies, and delusions and other psychiatric phenomena. Examples in this chapter include slips of the tongue that Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung made while writing to each other; humor from Abraham Lincoln and Joseph Stalin; dreams from William James, Edith Wharton, and Lyndon Johnson; Isaac Newton’s word play; drawings from William James; and the text of letters Henry James wrote late in life while under the delusion that he was Napoleon.
Introduction
Authors: Morales Daniel 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Although cyclical migration patterns and Mexican villages’ dependency on remittances in the late twentieth century have been examined, this model was established decades earlier. This book revisits the era of the first mass migration, between 1910 and 1940—that is, from the Mexican Revolution to World War II. It reconsiders Mexican American community formation within the broader context of ongoing circular migration, both between the United States and Mexico and within the United States. The latter dynamic has been least recognized or understood. Permanently settled migrants were in the minority; most were constantly on the move. They trekked around the country following work in agriculture, mining, and industry. They voted with their feet to resist local vagrancy laws and labor agents who tried to control them. They organized mutual aid organizations and unions. And they sought to return to their hometowns in Mexico. Circular migration and settlement were not successive phases, but always concurrent and dynamically related. This can be best seen by going full circle, starting and ending with communities in Mexico.
Introduction
Authors: Barnett Jonathan M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Since the late 1990s, an “accidental alliance” of scholars, policymakers, digital intermediaries, and other business interests have advocated successfully to curtail U.S. copyright and patent protections in content and technology markets. Through legislative, judicial, and regulatory actions, the “information wants to be free” coalition has produced an intellectual property rights environment that advantages vertically and systems-integrated firms at the expense of “stand-alone” innovation specialists that play a critical function in a knowledge-based economy. Contrary to standard intuitions, weakening intellectual property rights can therefore raise entry barriers and shield incumbents against the competitive threat posed by disruptive innovators.