bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geotechnical Handicap of Travertine with Different Lithotype Levels as Foundation Material
Authors: Özvan Ali , Erdogan Onur 
Published: December 2016

Abstract:
Two major earthquakes occurred on October 23rd, 2011 (M=7.1) and November 9th, 2011 (M=5.6) in Tabanli and Edremit districts of Van province in Turkey, respectively. New settlement areas for Van city were determined after these destructive earthquakes. One of the most important areas for new settlements to be built was Edremit region, consisting travertine where nearly 80% of new housing units (12.384) were built by TOKI (Housing Development Administration of Turkey). Travertines have different lithotypes depending on their depositional process such as crystalline crust, shrub, reed which can affect mechanical and engineering properties of travertine and each level has different handicaps. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between lithotype and physico-mechanical properties of travertines. According to the results, lithotype has an effect on physical, mechanical and rock mass properties of travertine. It is ascertained by several research methods that various handicaps may occur on such areas when the active tectonic structure of the area is evaluated along with the karstic cavities within the travertine and different lithotype qualities.
The ‘Europeanisation’ of Data Protection Law
Authors: LYNSKEY Orla 
Published: December 2016

AbstractEU data protection law has, to date, been monitored and enforced in a decentralised way by independent supervisory authorities in each Member State. While the independence of these supervisory authorities is an essential element of EU data protection law, this decentralised governance structure has led to competing claims from supervisory authorities regarding the national law applicable to a data processing operation and the national authority responsible for enforcing the data protection rules. These competing claims – evident in investigations conducted into the data protection compliance of Google and Facebook – jeopardise the objectives of the EU data protection regime. The new General Data Protection Regulation will revolutionise data protection governance by providing for a centralised decision-making body, the European Data Protection Board. While this agency will ensure the ‘Europeanisation’ of data protection law, given the nature and the extent of this Board’s powers, it marks another significant shift in the EU’s agency-creating process and must, therefore, also be considered in its broader EU context.
International Federation for Emergency Medicine Consensus Statement:
Sonography in hypotension and cardiac arrest (SHoC): An international consensus on
the use of point of care ultrasound for undifferentiated hypotension and during
cardiac arrest
Authors: Atkinson Paul , Bowra Justin , Milne James , Lewis David , Lambert Mike , Jarman Bob , Noble Vicki E. , Lamprecht Hein , Harris Tim , Connolly Jim ,   and members of the
                  International Federation of Emergency Medicine Sonography in Hypotension and
                  Cardiac Arrest working group:
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Introduction
The International Federation for Emergency Medicine (IFEM) Ultrasound
Special Interest Group (USIG) was tasked with development of a hierarchical
consensus approach to the use of point of care ultrasound (PoCUS) in patients
with hypotension and cardiac arrest.

Methods
The IFEM USIG invited 24 recognized international leaders in PoCUS from
emergency medicine and critical care to form an expert panel to develop the
sonography in hypotension and cardiac arrest (SHoC) protocol. The panel was
provided with reported disease incidence, along with a list of recommended
PoCUS views from previously published protocols and guidelines. Using a
modified Delphi methodology the panel was tasked with integrating the disease
incidence, their clinical experience and their knowledge of the medical
literature to evaluate what role each view should play in the proposed SHoC
protocol.

Results
Consensus on the SHoC protocols for hypotension and cardiac arrest was
reached after three rounds of the modified Delphi process. The final SHoC
protocol and operator checklist received over 80% consensus approval. The
IFEM-approved final protocol, recommend Core,
Supplementary, and Additional
PoCUS views. SHoC-hypotension core views consist of cardiac, lung, and inferior
vena vaca (IVC) views, with supplementary cardiac views, and additional views
when clinically indicated. Subxiphoid or parasternal cardiac views, minimizing
pauses in chest compressions, are recommended as core views for SHoC-cardiac
arrest; supplementary views are lung and IVC, with additional views when
clinically indicated. Both protocols recommend use of the “4 F” approach:
fluid, form,
function,
filling.

Conclusion
An international consensus on sonography in hypotension and cardiac arrest
is presented. Future prospective validation is required.
FIRST EXPERIENCES WITH A NOVEL FARMER CITIZEN SCIENCE APPROACH: CROWDSOURCING PARTICIPATORY VARIETY SELECTION THROUGH ON-FARM TRIADIC COMPARISONS OF TECHNOLOGIES (TRICOT)
Authors: VAN ETTEN JACOB , BEZA ESKENDER , CALDERER LLUÍS , VAN DUIJVENDIJK KEES , FADDA CARLO , FANTAHUN BASAZEN , KIDANE YOSEF GEBREHAWARYAT , VAN DE GEVEL JESKE , GUPTA ARNAB , MENGISTU DEJENE KASSAHUN , KIAMBI DAN , MATHUR PREM NARAIN , MERCADO LEIDA , MITTRA SARIKA , MOLLEL MARGARET J. , ROSAS JUAN CARLOS , STEINKE JONATHAN , SUCHINI JOSE GABRIEL , ZIMMERER KARL S. 
Published: December 2016

SUMMARYRapid climatic and socio-economic changes challenge current agricultural R&amp;D capacity. The necessary quantum leap in knowledge generation should build on the innovation capacity of farmers themselves. A novel citizen science methodology, triadic comparisons of technologies or tricot, was implemented in pilot studies in India, East Africa, and Central America. The methodology involves distributing a pool of agricultural technologies in different combinations of three to individual farmers who observe these technologies under farm conditions and compare their performance. Since the combinations of three technologies overlap, statistical methods can piece together the overall performance ranking of the complete pool of technologies. The tricot approach affords wide scaling, as the distribution of trial packages and instruction sessions is relatively easy to execute, farmers do not need to be organized in collaborative groups, and feedback is easy to collect, even by phone. The tricot approach provides interpretable, meaningful results and was widely accepted by farmers. The methodology underwent improvement in data input formats. A number of methodological issues remain: integrating environmental analysis, capturing gender-specific differences, stimulating farmers' motivation, and supporting implementation with an integrated digital platform. Future studies should apply the tricot approach to a wider range of technologies, quantify its potential contribution to climate adaptation, and embed the approach in appropriate institutions and business models, empowering participants and democratizing science.
The Case of Youth Exchanges and Interactions Between the PRC and
Italy in the 1950s
Authors: GRAZIANI SOFIA 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSoon after the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC), youth
exchanges came to be a major part of the Chinese campaign to reach out and
influence the people of other nations. Despite the growing scholarly discussion
regarding the role of people-to-people diplomacy and external propaganda in
China's foreign policy, so far no direct attention has been paid to the
Chinese Communist Party's efforts to institutionalize youth exchanges and
use them as a tool to promote the new Chinese government's foreign
relations. This article locates the position of young people within the
PRC's people-to-people diplomacy. It attempts to explore youth exchanges
with the West in the early years of the Cold War by focusing on relations
between Italian and Chinese youth groups in the 1950s. Relying mainly on
unexplored archival material and memoirs, this article documents contacts and
exchanges between adult-led youth organizations and their members, and shows how
Italian left-wing party-affiliated youth groups and Soviet-dominated
transnational organizations provided important channels for Sino-Italian
encounters and for building long-lasting contacts among potential future leaders
of these countries.
Waiting for de Gaulle: France's ten-year warm-up to recognizing the People's Republic of China
Authors: ROMANO ANGELA 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis article focuses on France's policy towards Socialist China in the decade preceding the spectacular and well-studied decision by President Charles de Gaulle to officially recognize the People's Republic of China (PRC). It argues that since the mid-1950s successive French governments discreetly orchestrated a process of rapprochement with the Communist authorities in Beijing. The article demonstrates that, at a time when the international situation discouraged steps towards official relations, the French government used commercial diplomacy as a means to open unofficial diplomatic channels with the Chinese and prepare the ground for future recognition. Relying mostly on French archival sources, this article brings to light evidence of the evolution of French diplomacy's thinking about Socialist China and assesses the rationales behind the French government's growing determination to normalize relations with it. It argues that the intensifying contest among European countries to reach out to Beijing, concerns about the PRC's appeal to developing countries, and an early appraisal of Sino-Soviet rivalry prompted French authorities to work for Sino-French rapprochement, while, at the same time, annoyance at the White House's obstinate refusal to revise its reading of Cold War dynamics weakened France's disposition to fall into line with American demands to maintain a harsh stance towards the PRC.
Rhipicephalus turanicus, a new vector of Hepatozoon canis
Authors: GIANNELLI ALESSIO , LIA RICCARDO PAOLO , ANNOSCIA GIADA , BUONAVOGLIA CANIO , LORUSSO ELEONORA , DANTAS-TORRES FILIPE , BANETH GAD , OTRANTO DOMENICO 
Published: December 2016

SUMMARYThe distribution of Hepatozoon canis mainly encompasses areas where its main tick vector, Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato, is present. However, the detection of this pathogen in dogs, foxes and golden jackals well outside the areas inhabited by this tick species reinforced the hypothesis that additional ixodids are involved in the life cycle and transmission of this protozoon. The present study provides, for the first time, data supporting the sporogonic development of H. canis in specimens of Rhipicephalus turanicus collected from a naturally infected fox from southern Italy. The epidemiological role of R. turanicus as a vector of H. canis is discussed, along with information on the potential use of cell cultures for the experimental infection with H. canis sporozoites. The in vitro infection of canine leucocytes by sporozoites from ticks is proposed as a potential tool for future in-depth studies on the biology of H. canis.
Leading indicators of community-based violent events among adults with mental illness
Authors: Van Dorn R. A. , Grimm K. J. , Desmarais S. L. , Tueller S. J. , Johnson K. L. , Swartz M. S. 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundThe public health, public safety and clinical implications of violent events among adults with mental illness are significant; however, the causes and consequences of violence and victimization among adults with mental illness are complex and not well understood, which limits the effectiveness of clinical interventions and risk management strategies. This study examined interrelationships between violence, victimization, psychiatric symptoms, substance use, homelessness and in-patient treatment over time.MethodAvailable data were integrated from four longitudinal studies of adults with mental illness. Assessments took place at baseline, and at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 24, 30 and 36 months, depending on the parent studies’ protocol. Data were analysed with the autoregressive cross-lag model.ResultsViolence and victimization were leading indicators of each other and affective symptoms were a leading indicator of both. Drug and alcohol use were leading indicators of violence and victimization, respectively. All psychiatric symptom clusters – affective, positive, negative, disorganized cognitive processing – increased the likelihood of experiencing at least one subsequent symptom cluster. Sensitivity analyses identified few group-based differences in the magnitude of effects in this heterogeneous sample.ConclusionsViolent events demonstrated unique and shared indicators and consequences over time. Findings indicate mechanisms for reducing violent events, including trauma-informed therapy, targeting internalizing and externalizing affective symptoms with cognitive–behavioral and psychopharmacological interventions, and integrating substance use and psychiatric care. Finally, mental illness and violence and victimization research should move beyond demonstrating concomitant relationships and instead focus on lagged effects with improved spatio-temporal contiguity.
Older men's perceptions of the need for and access to male-focused community programmes such as Men's Sheds
Authors: NURMI MARY ANNE , MACKENZIE COREY S. , ROGER KERSTIN , REYNOLDS KRISTIN , URQUHART JAMES 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTAlthough participating in community social programming is associated with positive physical and mental health outcomes for older adults, older men participate less often than women. Men's Sheds is a community programme used primarily by older men that originated in Australia and is well established there. The goal of the current study was to explore men's perceptions of the need for Men's Sheds and issues concerning access to them in Canada, a country with a small but growing Men's Sheds movement. We conducted focus groups with 64 men aged 55 years and older, including Men's Sheds members and men from the community who were unfamiliar with this programme, and analysed the data using the framework analytic approach. The data revealed two primary themes concerning: (a) the need for male-focused community programmes, including the sub-themes reducing isolation, forming friendships and engaging in continued learning; and (b) access to programmes, including the sub-themes points of contact, sustaining attendance and barriers. Findings suggest that in order to reduce the likelihood of isolation and increase opportunities for social engagement, exposure to the concept of male-focused programming should begin before retirement age. In addition, such programmes should be mindful of how they are branded and marketed in order to create spaces that are welcoming to new and diverse members.
Managers’ interview invitation decisions about older job applicants: human capital, economic conditions and job demands
Authors: OUDE MULDERS JAAP , HENKENS KÈNE , LIU YIHAO , SCHIPPERS JOOP , WANG MO 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTOlder job applicants are vulnerable to stereotype-related bias in the recruitment process. In the current study, we examined how managers’ job interview invitation decisions regarding older job applicants are influenced by applicants’ human capital-related characteristics, general economic conditions and managers’ perceptions of changes in organisational job demands. Data were collected in two waves of a vignette experiment, three years apart, among a sample of 211 Dutch managers from various organisations. Multi-level analysis showed that managers were more likely to invite older job applicants who had matching qualifications, were employed at the time of application and came with recommendations. In addition, managers’ propensity to invite older job applicants was higher in better economic conditions. The effects of recommendations were moderated by the general economic conditions and changes in organisational job demands, such that a recommendation from another employer was especially influential in bad economic conditions, while a recommendation from an internal employee was especially influential when job demands had increased. The results emphasise the importance of considering the organisational and economic context in understanding the recruitment of older workers. The findings also suggest that older workers, employers and policy makers should invest in older workers’ human capital to protect their employability.
Making Telecare desirable rather than a last resort
Authors: BENTLEY CLAIRE L. , POWELL LAUREN A. , ORRELL ALISON , MOUNTAIN GAIL A. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTDespite reported benefits of Telecare use for older adults, uptake of Telecare in the United Kingdom remains relatively low. Non-users of Telecare are an under-researched group in the Telecare field. We conducted 22 qualitative individual semi-structured interviews to explore the views and opinions of current non-users of Telecare regarding barriers and facilitators to its use, and explored considerations which may precede their decision to accept, or reject, Telecare. Framework analysis identified a number of themes which influence the outcome and timing of this decision, including peace of mind (for the individual and their family), the strength and composition of an individual's support network, the impact of changing personal and health circumstances, and lack of communication about Telecare (e.g.advertising). A cost–benefit decision process appears to take place for the potential user, whereby the benefit of peace of mind is weighed against perceived ‘costs’ of using Telecare. Telecare is often perceived as a last resort rather than a preventative measure. A number of barriers to Telecare use need to be addressed if individuals are to make fully informed decisions regarding their Telecare use, and to begin using Telecare at a time when it could provide them with optimal benefit. Although the study was set in England, the findings may be relevant for other countries where Telecare is used.
Bone Healing Following Different Types of Osteotomy: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Three-Dimensional SEM Analyses
Authors: Blaskovic Marko , Gabrić Dragana , Coleman Nichola J. , Slipper Ian J. , Mladenov Mitko , Gjorgievska Elizabeta 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to compare dynamics of the bone healing process after different types of osteotomies. In total, 24 Wistar rats were subjected to different types of osteotomy performed with standard steel bur, piezosurgery, contact, and non-contact Erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser ablation. The animals were randomly divided into four groups, to be euthanized immediately after the procedure, or at 1, 2, or 3 weeks after surgery. The obtained bone samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Immediately after surgery, there were significant differences in the appearance of the bone defects, with presence of bone fragments and debris after standard steel bur preparation, compared with the clean smooth walls and relatively sharp edges in all other groups. The initial bone formation in defects prepared by piezosurgery was observed to be the most rapid. After 3 weeks, all bone defects were completely restored; although, differences in the healing pattern were noted, with a modest initial delay in healing after laser preparation. The first stage of the bone healing process was delayed when contact and non-contact Er:YAG laser modes were used and accelerated by piezosurgery; however, the results after 3 weeks demonstrated similar restitution of defects in all tested groups.
Seasonal and Morphological Variations of Brown Trout (Salmo truttaf.fario) Kidney Peroxisomes: A Stereological Study
Authors: Resende Albina D. , Lobo-da-Cunha Alexandre , Malhão Fernanda , Rocha Eduardo 
Published: December 2016

AbstractLiterature about fish kidney peroxisomes is scarce. To tackle this caveat, a stereological approach on renal peroxisome morphological parameters was performed for the first time in a fish, establishing correlations with maturation stages as it was previously done in brown trout liver. Three-year-old brown trout males and females were collected at the major seasons of their reproductive cycle. Trunk kidney was fixed and processed for catalase cytochemistry. Classical stereological methods were applied to electromicrographs to quantitate morphological parameters. Different seasonal variation patterns were observed between genders, and between renal proximal tubule segments I and II. In males, peroxisomes from proximal tubule segment II had a relatively higher volume and number in May, being individually bigger in February. Females presented similar trends, though with less marked variations. Overall, males and females did not show exactly the same seasonal patterns for most peroxisomal parameters, and no correlations were found between the latter and the gonado-somatic index (GSI). Hence, and despite the variations, the morphology of renal peroxisomes is not strictly correlated with gonad maturation kinetics, therefore suggesting that kidney peroxisome morphology is not seasonally modulated by sex steroids, like estradiol, as it seems to happen in liver peroxisomes.
Non-Destructive Micro-Chemical and Micro-Luminescence Characterization of
Jadeite
Authors: Mitrani Viggiano Alejandro , Ruvalcaba Sil José Luis , Manrique Ortega Mayra D. , Corregidor Berdasco Victoria 
Published: December 2016

AbstractJadeite was greatly appreciated by pre-Hispanic cultures in Mesoamerica. Despite its
importance, knowledge of its mining sources was lost after the Spanish conquest. In
the 1950s the only confirmed jadeite deposits in Mesoamerica were found in the
Motagua River Fault (MRF), Guatemala. The aim of this study is to present a
methodology that is appropriate for the study of archeological jadeite objects using
non-destructive spectroscopic and micro-ion beam analysis techniques. This
methodology has been applied to perform mineral, elemental, and luminescence
characterization of five jadeite samples from the MRF, with white, lilac, and green
colors. Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis
confirmed the presence of jadeite, albite, and omphacite as the main mineral phases
in the samples. Elemental maps using particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) with a
nuclear microprobe and elemental concentration analysis from individual mineral
grains using micro-PIXE coupled with micro-ionoluminescence (IL) allowed the
detection of minor feldspar, titanite, and grossular mineral contents. Distinctive
features from the mineral, elemental, and luminescence characterization have been
found that allow the identification of these five jadeite samples.
State-of-the-Art Three-Dimensional Chemical Characterization of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Using Focused Ion Beam Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Tomography
Authors: Priebe Agnieszka , Bleuet Pierre , Goret Gael , Laurencin Jerome , Montinaro Dario , Barnes Jean-Paul 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn this paper the potential of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy combined with focused ion beam technology to characterize the composition of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) in three-dimension is demonstrated. The very high sensitivity of this method allows even very small amounts of elements/compounds to be detected and localized. Therefore, interlayer diffusion of elements between porous electrodes and presence of pollutants can be analyzed with a spatial resolution of the order of 100 nm. However, proper element recognition and mass interference still remain important issues. Here, we present a complete elemental analysis of the SOFC as well as techniques that help to validate the reliability of obtained results. A discussion on origins of probable artifacts is provided.