bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smoking, alcohol, and diet in relation to risk of pancreatic cancer in China: a prospective study of 0.5 million people
Authors: Pang Yuanjie , Holmes Michael V. , Guo Yu , Yang Ling , Bian Zheng , Chen Yiping , Iona Andri , Millwood Iona Y. , Bragg Fiona , Chen Junshi , Li Liming , Kartsonaki Christiana , Chen Zhengming 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn China, the incidence of pancreatic cancer (PC) has increased in recent decades. However, little is known about the relevance to PC risk of lifestyle and behavioral factors such as smoking, alcohol drinking, and diet. The China Kadoorie Biobank prospective study recruited 512,891 adults (210,222 men, 302,669 women) aged 30–79 (mean 52) years from 10 diverse areas during 2004–08. During ~9 years of follow‐up, 688 incident cases of PC were recorded among those who had no prior history of cancer at baseline. Cox regression yielded adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for PC associated with smoking, alcohol and selected dietary factors. Overall, 74% of men were ever‐regular smokers and 33% of men drank at least weekly, compared with only 3% and 2% of women, respectively. Among men, current regular smoking was associated with an adjusted HR of 1.25 (95% CI 1.08–1.44) for PC, with greater excess risk in urban than rural areas (1.46 [1.19–1.79] vs 1.04 [0.86–1.26]). Heavy, but not light to moderate, alcohol drinking (i.e. ≥420 g/week) was associated with significant excess risk (1.69 [1.21–2.37]), again more extreme in urban than rural areas (1.93 [1.29–2.87] vs 1.35 [0.74–2.48]). Overall, regular consumption of certain foodstuffs was associated with PC risk, with adjusted daily vs never/rare consumption HRs of 0.66 (0.56–0.79) for fresh fruit and 1.16 (1.01–1.33) for red meat. In China, smoking and heavy alcohol drinking were independent risk factors for PC in men. Lower fresh fruit and higher red meat consumption were also associated with higher risk of PC.
Differentiation of female Oct4‐GFP embryonic stem cells into germ lineage cells
Authors: Ma Xin , Li Peng , Sun Xiang , Sun Yifeng , Hu Rong , Yuan Ping 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDue to high infertility ratio nowadays, it is essential to explore efficient ways of enhancing mammalian reproductivity, in particular female reproductivity. Using female Oct4‐GFP embryonic stem cells, we mimic the in vivo development procedure to induce ES cells into epiblast cell‐like cells (EpiLCs) and then primordial germ cell‐like cells (PGCLCs). GFP positive PGCLCs that showed typical PGC markers and epigenetic modification were efficiently obtained. Further transplantation of the GFP positive PGCLC and native ovary cell mixture into ovary of infertile mice revealed that both MVH and GFP positive cells could be developed in ovary, but no later developmental stage germ cells were observed. This study suggested that Oct4‐GFP ES cells may be only suitable for tracing early germ cell development.
Rapid Formation of a Disordered Layer on Monoclinic BiVO4: Co‐Catalyst‐Free Photoelectrochemical Solar Water Splitting
Authors: Kim Jung Kyu , Cho Yoonjun , Jeong Myung Jin , Levy‐Wendt Ben , Shin Dongguen , Yi Yeonjin , Wang Dong Hwan , Zheng Xiaolin , Park Jong Hyeok 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA surface disordered layer is a plausible approach to improve the photoelectrochemical performance of TiO2. However, the formation of a crystalline disordered layer in BiVO4 and its effectiveness towards photoelectrochemical water splitting has remained a big challenge. Here, we report a rapid solution process (within 5 s) that is able to form a disordered layer of a few nanometers thick on the surface of BiVO4 nanoparticles using a specific solution with a controllable reducing power. The disordered layer on BiVO4 alleviates charge recombination at the electrode–electrolyte interface and reduces the onset potential greatly, which in turn results in a photocurrent density of approximately 2.3 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). This value is 2.1 times higher than that of bare BiVO4. The enhanced photoactivity is attributed to the increased charge separation and transfer efficiencies, which resolve the intrinsic drawbacks of bare BiVO4 such as the short hole diffusion length of around 100 nm and poor surface oxygen evolution reactivity.
Enhancing the Bioaccessibility of Phytosterols Using Nanoporous Corn and Wheat Starch Bioaerogels
Authors: Ubeyitogullari Ali , Moreau Régis , Rose Devin J. , Zhang Jian , Ciftci Ozan N. 
Published: December 2017

Bioavailability of phytosterols is very low due to their crystalline structure and poor water solubility, limiting their potential health benefits. In this study, a novel approach to forming low crystallinity phytosterol nanoparticles is developed using nanoporous starch aerogels, namely wheat starch aerogels (WSAs) and corn starch aerogels (CSA), in combination with supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO2) to improve the bioaccessibility and in turn bioavailability of phytosterols. Starch aerogels with outstanding properties (WSA with a surface area of 62 m2 g−1 and pore size of 19 nm; CSA with a surface area of 221 m2 g−1 and pore size of 7 nm) were used as a mold to form phytosterol nanoparticles. The highest phytosterol impregnation capacity is obtained with CSA monolith (195 mg phytosterols/g CSA). Impregnation into powder or monolithic forms of the aerogels resulted in different phytosterol morphology where the monolithic form prevented formation of large plate‐like phytosterol crystals. Impregnation into WSA monolith (WSA‐M) generated low crystallinity phytosterol nanoparticles (70 nm). Bioaccessibility of the phytosterols increased by 20‐fold when impregnated into WSA‐M. The hydrolysis of CSA (30–39%) was lower than that of WSA (55–59%) during simulated digestion, which negatively affected the release of phytosterols.Practical applications: Practical applications include: i) a novel process that can decrease the size and crystallinity of phytosterols and thus improve their bioavailability; ii) a blueprint to apply to other water insoluble food bioactives; and iii) the transfer of green technology to food manufacturers. Longer‐term, this novel approach will (i) improve the health benefits of water‐insoluble bioactives; ii) enable food manufacturers to add water‐insoluble bioactives into low‐ and high‐fat foods to produce health‐promoting foods; iii) improve public health through diet; iv) enhance the cost‐benefit ratio of water insoluble bioactives; v) avert toxic chemicals and environmental pollution; and vi) lower the costs of handling, storage, and transportation of bioactives.Bioavailability of phytosterols is very low due to their crystalline structure and poor water solubility, limiting their potential health benefits. Our novel approach to forming first‐of‐its‐kind low‐crystallinity phytosterol nanoparticles are developed using nanoporous starch aerogels in combination with supercritical carbon dioxide to improve the bioaccessibility and in turn bioavailability of phytosterols. The novel low‐crystallinity phytosterol nanoparticles are 20‐folds more bioaccessible compared to the crude phytosterols after simulated digestion.
Sequential application of mineralized electroconductive scaffold and electrical stimulation for efficient osteogenesis
Authors: Oftadeh Mohammad Omid , Bakhshandeh Behnaz , Dehghan Mohammad Mehdi , Khojasteh Arash 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOsteogenic differentiation is enhanced by many inductive factors including biochemical agents, biomechanical stresses, and electrical stimulation. Regularly studies have focused on one factor at a time, while synergies can promote more effective and functional osteogenesis. Herein, for the first time, functional synergism between application of electrical stimulation and HA nanoparticles was evaluated in osteogenic differentiation. Prepared electrospun biocompatible conductive scaffold by amalgamating chitosan, aniline‐pentamer, and hydroxyapatite incorporation was seeded by human bone‐marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells. The cells seeded on the scaffolds with and without hydroxyapatite were exposed to electrical stimulation and subsequently, osteogenic molecular markers and related signaling pathways were investigated. In general, all investigated osteogenic markers (osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, osteonectin, and Runx2) were upregulated transcriptionally in the cells seeded on the chitosan‐embedded scaffolds. Separate utilization of electrical stimulation or hydroxyapatite‐enhanced osteogenesis, while the cells exposed to both stimulators simultaneously, expressed higher levels of some of osteogenic genes significantly. Considering the functions and the positions of the markers in osteogenic signaling pathways, it can be concluded that HA might cooperate in the allocation of stem cells to osteoprogenitors in the early phase of osteogenesis while electrical stimulation helps committed cells with maturation and acquiring functional phenotypes. Altogether investigation of the synergism between different stimulators and exploiting the interactions in an optimized manner could lead to more efficient osteogenesis protocol for effective bone regeneration and tissue engineering. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1200–1210, 2018.
Influence of ciprofloxacin‐based additives on the hydrolysis of nanofiber polyurethane membranes
Authors: Wright Meghan E. E. , Wong Andrew T. , Levitt Daniel , Parrag Ian C. , Yang Meilin , Santerre J. Paul 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA degradable polycarbonate urethane (PCNU) and an antimicrobial oligomer (AO) were used to generate anti‐infective nanofiber scaffolds through blend electrospinning. The AO consists of two molecules of ciprofloxacin (CF) bound through hydrolysable linkages to triethylene glycol. The membranes were conceived for use as tissue engineering scaffolds for the regeneration of soft tissues for the periodontium, where there would be a need for a local dose of antibiotic to the periodontal space as the scaffold degrades in order to prevent biomaterial‐associated infection. Scaffolds were made using AO at 7 and 15% w/w equivalent CF, and compared to scaffolds with 15% w/w CF (with HCl counterion). AO was hydrolyzed and released CF continuously over 28 days, while the 15% w/w CF HCl scaffolds showed a burst release within hours, with no subsequent release in the subsequent 28 day period. Released CF from both the AO and CF HCl scaffolds had a similar minimum inhibitory concentration to that of off‐the‐shelf CF. Interestingly, the introduction of drug in either form (AO or CF HCl) was found to increase the hydrolytic stability of the electrospun degradable PCNU scaffold matrix itself. The alteration of hydrolysis kinetics was attributed to changes in the hydrogen bonding character and microstructure within the scaffolds, introduced by the presence of CF. This study has revealed that in generatingin situdrug release systems, the secondary effects of the added drug on the degradation properties of the polymeric carriers must be considered, particularly for systems that act dually as tissue engineering scaffolds. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1211–1222, 2018.
Erratum: ‘The lover of the fine arts is well amused with the choice pictures that adorn the house’
Authors: Avery-Quash Susanna 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The nucleus of the National Gallery’s collection was formed by a group of thirty-eight paintings, mostly Continental Old Masters, amassed by John Julius Angerstein (1735–1823). Following Angerstein’s death, Lord Liverpool’s government purchased these pictures and the lease on Angerstein’s London town house on Pall Mall, which became the first home of the National Gallery in 1824. What has been overlooked is the ‘other’ Angerstein collection, which was housed in his suburban villa, Woodlands, at Blackheath. This second collection is examined here, in terms of its location, contents, display and access, and its inter-relationship with the primary collection. It thereby suggests what ‘the’ Angerstein collection – as opposed to ‘an’ Angerstein collection – would have looked like in its entirety. Consideration is given to the typicality or otherwise of Angerstein’s collection at Woodlands, especially in relation to its holdings of British art.
Getting Social
Authors: Fiorentino Lisa , Haley Tammy 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Outcome assessment has become standard in institutions of higher learning and is a requirement of State Boards of Nursing and major accrediting bodies, including all accrediting agencies for programs in nursing. Appropriate identification of student learning outcomes and program outcomes to ensure the collection of relevant and meaningful data is essential. Although much has been written about what should be included in assessment, little information exists on how to best collect the required data for evaluation. This article describes an innovative approach to improving alumni response rates to assess program outcomes through the use of social media.
Self-Esteem, Locus of Control, and First-Time NCLEX-RN Passage of BSN Students at Historically Black Colleges and Universities
Authors: Chavis Pamella Ivey 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

AIM
Relationships between self-esteem, locus of control (LOC), and first-time passage of National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN®) were examined at baccalaureate nursing programs at two historically black colleges and universities.

BACKGROUND
Shortages continue to exceed demands for RNs prepared at the baccalaureate level. Inconsistent pass rates on the NCLEX-RN for graduates of historically black colleges and universities impede the supply of RNs.

METHOD
Surveys and archival data were used to examine characteristics of the sample and explore relationships among variables.

RESULTS
All participants (N = 90) reported high self-esteem and internal LOC. Models suggested that all those with high self-esteem and internal LOC would pass the NCLEX-RN; only 85 percent passed the first time.

CONCLUSION
Statistical analysis revealed a lack of statistical significance between self-esteem, LOC, and first-time passage. Variables not included in the study may have affected first-time passage.
Complete Lower Lip Reconstruction with a Large Lip Switch Flap and a Composite Modiolus Advancement Flap
Authors: Gunnarsson Gudjon L. , Demmissie Meheret Beferkadu , Havemann Ingemar , Topstad Thom Kare , Thomsen Jorn Bo 
Published: December 2017

Summary:
Total loss of the lower lip is debilitating and poses a reconstructive challenge. Aiming to restore oral continence and function and also cosmetic appearance, a successful reconstruction has a huge impact on the quality of life for the individual patient. Early sources of local tissue rearrangement for lip reconstruction date back 3000 years, with earliest reports of lip switch procedures more than 2 centuries ago in Europe, when noma was still endemic in Europe, indicating that the anatomy was better understood by the barber surgeons of the past than we like to acknowledge. We are still faced with such challenging cases all over the world where resources are limited. Our current understanding of perforator anatomy and blood supply makes more frequent revisits to flaps of the past with modern advances. Innovative solutions are imperative for salvage, and old ideas tend to reappear when they prove to be useful. Herein, we describe in open access a new reconstructive method where we combined a large lip switch flap together with a composite advancement modiolus flap to reconstruct a whole lower lip and the donor defect of the upper lip all at once, a procedure that is simple to perform and works in settings where it is greatly needed.
Epidemiology of Infectious Complications During Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Children
Authors: Castagnola Elio , Gargiullo Livia , Loy Anna , Tatarelli Paola , Caviglia Ilaria , Bandettini Roberto , Grasso Chiara , Lampugnani Elisabetta , Pezzato Stefano , Tuo Pietro , Moscatelli Andrea 
Published: December 2017

Background:
Infections represent a severe complication of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Aim of the present study was to describe the epidemiology of infections acquired during ECMO in a tertiary care children’s hospital.

Methods:
Retrospective analysis of clinical records of patients undergoing ECMO between January 2009 and December 2016. For each patient, data were collected on clinical characteristics, modality of ECMO support, site and etiology of documented infections, survival within 1 week after ECMO weaning and/or at pediatric intensive care unit discharge. These data were employed to evaluate overall infection prevalence, infection rate expressed as episodes/1000 days of support and cumulative risk estimates of infections occurring during ECMO.

Results:
During the study period, a total of 46 ECMO procedures were performed. The overall prevalence of documented infections was 33%, with an infection rate of 27.22 and a cumulative risk of 55%. Bloodstream infection represented the most frequently documented (53%), followed by pneumonia (40%). Coagulase-negative staphylococci and Pseudomonas aeruginosa prevailed as isolated pathogens. Overall survival was 59%, and 46% among those developing infections during ECMO.

Conclusions:
ECMO is a procedure at high risk for infections. Our data, limited to 1 center, represent a recent benchmark for further investigations.
Temporal Patterns of Cervical Cancer Screening Among Danish Women 55 Years and Older Diagnosed With Cervical Cancer
Authors: Hammer Anne , Hee Lene , Blaakær Jan , Gravitt Patti 
Published: December 2017

Objective
The aim of the study was to describe the screening history in postmenopausal women diagnosed with cervical cancer during 1990–2013 by age and screening period.

Materials and Methods
This hospital-based cohort study included women 55 years and older diagnosed with cervical cancer at Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark, during 1990–2013. Information on their previous history of cervical cancer screening was obtained from the Danish Pathology Databank.

Results
Overall, 47.0% (95% CI = 42.6–51.4) had no record of screening before their cervical cancer diagnosis. This proportion declined over calendar time from 69.8% (95% CI = 61.4–77.3) in 1990–1994 to 20.0% (95% CI = 12.7–29.2) in 2010–2013 and increased by age from 22.5% (95% CI = 14.6–32.0) in women aged 55 to 59 years to 63.2% (95% CI = 49.3–75.6) in women 80 years and older. Cases living in the organized screening era (i.e., birth cohorts 1943–1960) were more likely to have a record of screening than women in the preorganized screening era (i.e., birth cohorts 1901–1942) (p < .001). Of all cases, 17.7% (n = 91) had a record of screening within 5 years of diagnosis and the proportion was highest in the most recent periods and in women aged 55 to 64 years. Of cases with a record of screening within 5 years, 84.6% (95% CI = 14.5–21.2) had a normal cytology result, whereas only 8.8% (95% CI = 2.9–14.7) had high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion or worse.

Conclusions
Cervical cancer in older women may partly be attributed to a lack of screening or due to a failure in screening. However, older women were in general less screened because screening was unavailable.
Left-Lateralized Contributions of Saccades to Cortical Activity during a One-Back Word Recognition Task
Authors: Chang Yu-Cherng C. , Khan Sheraz , Taulu Samu , Kuperberg Gina , Brown Emery N. , Hämäläinen Matti S. , Temereanca Simona 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTSaccadic eye movements are an inherent component of natural reading, yet their contribution to information processing at subsequent fixation remains elusive. Here we use anatomically-constrained magnetoencephalography (MEG) to examine cortical activity following saccades as healthy human subjects engaged in a one-back word recognition task. This activity was compared with activity following external visual stimulation that mimicked saccades. A combination of procedures were employed to eliminate saccadic ocular artifacts from the MEG signal. Both saccades and saccade-like external visual stimulation produced early-latency responses beginning ~70 ms after onset in occipital cortex and spreading through the ventral and dorsal visual streams to temporal, parietal and frontal cortices. Robust differential activity following the onset of saccades versus similar external visual stimulation emerged during 150-350 ms in a left-lateralized cortical network. This network included (i) left lateral occipitotemporal and nearby inferotemporal cortex, (ii) left posterior Sylvian fissure and nearby multimodal cortex, and (iii) medial parietooccipital, posterior cingulate and retrosplenial cortices. Moreover, this left-lateralized network colocalized with word repetition priming effects. Together, results suggest that central saccadic mechanisms influence a left-lateralized language network in occipitotemporal and temporal cortex above and beyond saccadic influences at preceding stages of information processing during visual word recognition.
Cell‐specific resetting of mouse islet cellular clocks by glucagon, glucagon‐like peptide 1 and somatostatin
Authors: Petrenko V. , Dibner C. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimMolecular clocks, operative in pancreatic islet cells, represent an intrinsic mechanism regulating intracellular metabolism and hormone secretion. Glucagon, somatostatin and glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) are essential coordinators of islet physiology. Here, we assess the synchronizing capacity of glucagon, somatostatin and GLP‐1 on pancreatic α‐ and β‐cell circadian clocks.MethodsTriple transgenic mice, expressing a circadian PER2::luciferase (luc) reporter combined with α‐ and β‐cell‐specific fluorescent reporters, were employed. Isolated pancreatic islets and fluorescence‐activated cell sorting‐separated α‐ and β‐cells were synchronized with glucagon, somatostatin analogue or GLP‐1 mimetics, with subsequent real‐time PER2::luc bioluminescence recording. Gene expression of Gcgr, Sstr2, Sstr3 and Glp1r in islet cells was assessed by RNA sequencing and RT‐qPCR.ResultsGlucagon and GLP‐1 mimetics (liraglutide and exenatide) induced high‐amplitude rhythmic expression of the PER2::luc reporter in β‐cells, but not in α‐cells, while the somatostatin analogue octreotide generated a significant phase shift between α‐ and β‐cells. Enrichment of Gcgr and Glp1r transcripts was detected in β‐cells compared to their α‐cell counterparts. The synchronizing effect of glucagon was dose‐dependent and mediated by the adenylate cyclase signalling cascade, as it was diminished by adenylate cyclase inhibitor.ConclusionWe conclude that proglucagon‐derived peptides and somatostatin exhibit receptor‐mediated cell‐specific synchronizing effects for mouse α‐ and β‐cell oscillators. Differential islet cell clock modulation by glucagon and somatostatin may represent a physiological mechanism underlying paracrine regulation of rhythmic glucagon and insulin secretion. The reported here strong synchronizing properties of GLP‐1 mimetics, widely used for treatment of type 2 diabetes, are of high clinical relevance.