bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between sleep disturbance and glycaemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes: An integrative review
Authors: Zhu Bingqian , Hershberger Patricia E , Kapella Mary C , Fritschi Cynthia 
Published: May 2017

Aims and objectivesTo explore and synthesise current research to assess the state of science about the relationship between sleep disturbance and glycaemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes.BackgroundSleep disturbance is suggested a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Diabetes alone is a leading cause of death, but when coupled with sleep disturbance poses additional health risks. However, little is known about the relationship between sleep disturbance and glycaemic control in people with overt diabetes.DesignAn integrative review.MethodsWhittemore and Knafl's methodology guided this integrative review. Original studies published before October 2016 were identified through systematic searches of seven databases using terms: diabet*; sleep or insomnia; glycem* or glucose or A1C or HbA1c or sugar; and their combinations. The matrix and narrative synthesis were employed to organise and synthesise the findings, respectively. The Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool was used to evaluate the study quality.ResultsA total of 26 studies were identified; 17 of which reported significant relationships between sleep measures and glycaemic control. In 13 studies, sleep duration was associated with glycaemic control in both linear (n = 2) and nonlinear (n = 3) relationships; however, eight studies reported no significant relationships. Sleep quality was significantly related to glycaemic control in 14 of 22 studies. Nine studies found no relationship between any measure of sleep and glycaemic control.ConclusionsThere is strong evidence supporting the relationship between sleep quality and glycaemic control but further examination of the relationship between sleep duration and glycaemic control is warranted. Sleep disturbance, particularly impaired sleep quality, could potentially influence glycaemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses who treat patients with diabetes should include assessment of sleep, education for healthy sleep, and referral for treatment of sleep disturbance in order to maximise the potential for achieving good glycaemic control.
Spectral Signal Density of Carotid Plaque Using Dual‐Energy Computed Tomography
Authors: Reynoso Exequiel , Rodriguez‐Granillo Gastón A. , Capunay Carlos , Deviggiano Alejandro , Meli Francisco , Carrascosa Patricia 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEPlaque characterization using virtual monochromatic imaging derived from dual‐energy computed tomography (CT) angiography requires the determination of normal signal density values of each plaque component. We sought to explore the signal density values of carotid plaque components using dual‐energy compared to conventional single‐energy CT angiography (CTA), and to establish the energy level with the largest differences between plaque components.METHODSThe present prospective study involved consecutive patients referred for carotid artery evaluation by CTA. Two scans (single‐energy and dual‐energy CTA) were performed in all patients, and a single radiologist analyzed the data. Single‐source dual‐energy CTA allowed the generation of virtual monochromatic images from 40 to 140 keV.RESULTSA total of 35 internal carotid artery lesions were examined in 20 symptomatic patients. The mean age was 72.3 ± 6.7 years, and 9 (45%) patients were male. Internal carotid artery geometrical variables including lumen area (P = .96), vessel area (P = .97), and percent area stenosis (P = .99) did not differ between groups (single‐energy CTA, and dual‐energy CTA at 40, 70, 100, and 140 keV). Differences between signal densities of different tissues were largest at 40 keV (calcium/lumen, P < .0001; fat/noncalcified, P < .0001).CONCLUSIONSIn the present pilot investigation, virtual monochromatic imaging at low‐energy levels derived from dual‐energy CTA allowed the largest differences in attenuation levels between tissues, without affecting vessel or plaque geometry.
Grafting on CM‐334 controls serrano chili wilting caused by Phytophthora capsici and changes phenology but does not affect fruit yield
Authors: Pintado‐López Luvia Marlen , Guzmán‐Plazola Remigio Anastacio , Ayala‐Escobar Victoria , Aguilar‐Rincón Víctor Heber 
Published: May 2017

AbstractGrafting is an alternative method of plant propagation used to prevent soil‐borne diseases. This technique can improve the development of plants and therefore improve fruit yield and quality; however, several studies report that when a plant is grafted, there may be compatibility problems and changes in the phenological pattern of the crop and fruit yield and quality with respect to non‐grafted plants. There are no reports in the literature on the behaviour of serrano chilli grafted on varieties resistant to Phytophthora capsici. In this study, we evaluated the phenological behaviour and response to inoculation with P. capsici in commercial serrano chilli (Camino Real, Harris Moran) grafted or not on CM‐334 as a strategy to explore the possibility of incorporating the use of grafts in the production systems of serrano chilli. The plants were grafted at 55–60 days and maintained for 13 days in a curing chamber for the acclimatization process. At 36 and 43 days after transplantation, they were inoculated with the pathogen (300,000 zoospores/plant). None of plants grafted and inoculated with the pathogen showed wilt symptoms. All plants not grafted and inoculated with P. capsici died. There was a significant reduction in the production of leaves and flowers in the grafted plants, in relation to the non‐inoculated and non‐grafted plants, as well as a temporary delay in the beginning of fruit production with respect to the non‐grafted plants, but this delay did not affect the overall yield of the crop.
Adaptation of a scale to measure coping strategies in informal primary caregivers of psychiatric patients
Authors: Rosas‐Santiago F. J. , Marván M. L. , Lagunes‐Córdoba R. 
Published: May 2017

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

Informal caregivers of psychiatric patients are vulnerable to many disturbances associated with the stress related to their activity.

Caregivers who show a coping style focused on problem‐solving report less psychological distress, and this approach positively influences the recovery process of the psychiatric patient.

There are some questionnaires to measure coping styles in caregivers of psychiatric patients, but most of them do not have the minimum psychometric properties that a scale must fulfil.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

The authors present an adapted and validated scale for measuring both active and passive coping strategies used by informal caregivers to face daily stressful situations with psychiatric patients.

The study is an example of how scales can be adapted to small samples (n < 200).

What are the implications for practice?

The scale could be helpful for generating strategies to support the family caregiver, as well as for measuring the results of interventions.

The scale could also be used to identify how coping styles of informal caregivers are related to recovery process of psychiatric patients.

AbstractBackgroundThe recovery process of a psychiatric patient is related to his primary informal caregiver's style of coping with stress. There is insufficient literature on validations of instruments that measure coping styles in this population.ObjectiveTo adapt and validate a scale to measure coping strategies in primary informal caregivers.MethodThe adapted scale was based on the Extreme Coping Scale of López‐Vázquez and Marván. Items from that scale were adapted for application to informal caregivers. The scale was administered to 122 primary informal caregivers of patients from two psychiatric institutions in Mexico. Psychometric analyses were performed to determine the scale's properties.ResultsThe scale was composed of 20 items (six less than in the original scale) and two factors: (i) active coping (Cronbach's alpha = .837) and (ii) passive coping (Cronbach's alpha = .718).DiscussionThe findings are discussed in the light of the importance of studying the relationship between coping styles and the well‐being of both informal caregivers and psychiatric patients.Implications for practiceThe scale could be used by health practitioners and researchers to generate strategies to support the family caregiver, as well as to measure the results of interventions.
Histiocytic sarcoma in 14 miniature schnauzers – a new breed predisposition?
Authors: Lenz J. A. , Furrow E. , Craig L. E. , Cannon C. M. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectivesTo describe a series of miniature schnauzers diagnosed with histiocytic sarcoma and assess for possible breed predisposition.Materials and MethodsMedical records of miniature schnauzers with a diagnosis of histiocytic sarcoma between January 2008 and April 2015 were reviewed. Data collected included signalment, body weight, presenting complaint, date of diagnosis, clinicopathologic and diagnostic imaging findings, treatment, therapeutic response, date of death or last follow‐up and necropsy findings. Breed predisposition was assessed with odds ratios, using breed‐matched dogs without histiocytic sarcoma admitted during the study period as controls. Pedigree analysis was performed for dogs with available registration information.ResultsFourteen miniature schnauzers were diagnosed with histiocytic sarcoma during the study period, making them over‐represented among the hospital population (odds ratio=4·8, P=0·0009). Disease was considered localised in ten dogs and disseminated in four. Of the dogs with localised disease, nine were diagnosed with primary pulmonary histiocytic sarcoma based on the presence of a large pulmonary mass with (n=7) or without (n=2) evidence of intra‐thoracic metastasis, and one had gastric histiocytic sarcoma with nodal metastasis. Treatments varied, but an aggressive clinical course was found in most patients. Pedigree analysis revealed a recent common ancestor for a subset of the dogs assessed.Clinical SignificanceMiniature schnauzers were over‐represented among dogs with histiocytic sarcoma in this patient population. Pedigree analysis supports an inherited risk factor, which has not previously been suggested in the breed. Primary pulmonary involvement with or without intra‐thoracic metastasis was common in this cohort.
Loss of appendicular muscle mass in haemodialysis patients is associated with increased self‐reported depression, anxiety and lower general health scores
Authors: Alston Helen , Burns Aine , Davenport Andrew 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundPrevious reports have suggested an association between depression and nutritional status. To investigate whether there is an association with loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia), we screened HD patients for depression.MethodsWe screened for depressive symptoms using the Beck Depression Inventory‐II (BDI‐II), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and general health using the short form 36 (SF36), and additionally measured appendicular lean mass post‐dialysis with segmental bioimpedance.ResultsWe studied 113 patients, 84 (74.3%) male, mean age 64.9 ± 14.9 years, median duration of haemodialysis 27.0 (15.7−61.0) months, body mass index post‐dialysis 25.2 (22.8−28.6) kg/m2, appendicular lean mass (ALM) index 6.98 (6.22−8.10) kg/m2. BDI‐II 11 (4−17), HADS 10 (5−16.5), and SF36 average 43.3(36.6−48.4). Lower ALM index was associated with greater BDI‐II and HADS depression scores (r = 0.29, p = 0.008; r = 0.27, p = 0.012) respectively, whereas higher ALM index was associated with increased SF36 physical functioning and general health (r = 0.34, p = 0.001; r = 0.26, p = 0.019), respectively on univariate analysis. On logistic regression, lower ALM index was independently associated with high HADS cut off ≥8 (standardised β−0.31, p = 0.007). There were no associations with weight, body mass index or fat index. Greater extracellular water both pre‐ and post‐dialysis was associated with reduced SF36 physical functioning (r = −0.24, p = 0.011, r = −0.22, p = 0.26), respectively.ConclusionWe report an association between ALM index measured by segmental bioimpedance and increased self‐reported depression, anxiety and decreased general health. Whether treatment programs designed to improve muscle mass, can lead to reduced levels of depression, and anxiety and improved perceived general health, remains to be determined.
Classification of esophageal motor findings in gastro‐esophageal reflux disease: Conclusions from an international consensus group
Authors: Gyawali C. P. , Roman S. , Bredenoord A. J. , Fox M. , Keller J. , Pandolfino J. E. , Sifrim D. , Tatum R. , Yadlapati R. , Savarino E. ,   the International GERD Consensus Working Group
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐resolution manometry (HRM) has resulted in new revelations regarding the pathophysiology of gastro‐esophageal reflux disease (GERD). The impact of new HRM motor paradigms on reflux burden needs further definition, leading to a modern approach to motor testing in GERD.MethodsFocused literature searches were conducted, evaluating pathophysiology of GERD with emphasis on HRM. The results were discussed with an international group of experts to develop a consensus on the role of HRM in GERD. A proposed classification system for esophageal motor abnormalities associated with GERD was generated.Key ResultsPhysiologic gastro‐esophageal reflux is inherent in all humans, resulting from transient lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxations that allow venting of gastric air in the form of a belch. In pathological gastro‐esophageal reflux, transient LES relaxations are accompanied by reflux of gastric contents. Structural disruption of the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) barrier, and incomplete clearance of the refluxate can contribute to abnormally high esophageal reflux burden that defines GERD. Esophageal HRM localizes the LES for pH and pH‐impedance probe placement, and assesses esophageal body peristaltic performance prior to invasive antireflux therapies and antireflux surgery. Furthermore, HRM can assess EGJ and esophageal body mechanisms contributing to reflux, and exclude conditions that mimic GERD.Conclusions & InferencesStructural and motor EGJ and esophageal processes contribute to the pathophysiology of GERD. A classification scheme is proposed incorporating EGJ and esophageal motor findings, and contraction reserve on provocative tests during HRM.
Postreflux swallow‐induced peristaltic wave index and nocturnal baseline impedance can link PPI‐responsive heartburn to reflux better than acid exposure time
Authors: Frazzoni L. , Frazzoni M. , de Bortoli N. , Tolone S. , Furnari M. , Martinucci I. , Bertani H. , Marchi S. , Conigliaro R. , Fuccio L. , Savarino V. , Savarino E. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundAcid exposure time (AET) is considered the most useful parameter to predict response of reflux‐related heartburn to medical or surgical treatment. However, recent studies showed high rates of heartburn response to proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy in patients with normal AET.We aimed to compare the efficacy of postreflux swallow‐induced peristaltic wave (PSPW) index and mean nocturnal baseline impedance (MNBI) with AET in linking PPI‐responsive heartburn to reflux.MethodsOff‐therapy impedance‐pH tracings from 425 patients, 317 with PPI‐responsive and 108 with PPI‐refractory heartburn were blindly re‐analyzed. Demographic and endoscopic characteristics, conventional impedance‐pH variables, PSPW index, and MNBI were assessed with multivariate logistic regression to identify factors independently associated with PPI responsiveness. Prediction models were developed to assess the strength of reflux linkage with factors independently associated with PPI responsiveness by calculating the area under the curve (AUC) at receiver‐operating‐characteristic (ROC) analysis.Key ResultsAt multivariate logistic regression analysis, AET, MNBI, and PSPW index were the only factors independently associated with PPI responsiveness, abnormal values found in 60%, 76%, and 92% of PPI‐responsive cases (P<.017). At ROC analysis, PSPW index (AUC:.794, P=.002) and MNBI (AUC: 0.742, P=.003), both separately and combined (AUC: 0.811, P<.001) linked reflux with PPI‐responsiveness better than AET (AUC: 0.687).Conclusions & InferencesAET, PSPW index, and MNBI are independently associated with PPI‐responsive heartburn. PSPW index and MNBI can link PPI‐responsive heartburn to reflux better than AET and should become part of the standard analysis of impedance‐pH tracings.
Exocytic trafficking pathways in plants: why and how they are redirected
Authors: Kanazawa Takehiko , Ueda Takashi 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe membrane trafficking system is responsible for precise transportation and localization of proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides among single membrane‐bound organelles, the plasma membrane, and the extracellular space. While the exocytic trafficking pathway is considered to be a default transport pathway in many organisms, including land plants, research has shown that evolutionary processes led to an increase in the number of machinery components involved in the plant exocytic pathway. This study provides an overview of the diversification of exocytic trafficking pathways in plants, which mediate the formation and maintenance of cell polarity, interaction with symbiotic and pathogenic microbes, and cytokinesis. To fulfill these functions, distinct strategies have been employed to reroute secretory/exocytic transport during land plant evolution.
Screening for non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in children: do guidelines provide enough guidance?
Authors: Koot B. G. P. , Nobili V. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryBackgroundNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in the industrialized world in children. Its high prevalence and important health risks make NAFLD highly suitable for screening. In practice, screening is widely, albeit not consistently, performed.AimTo review the recommendations on screening for NAFLD in children.MethodRecommendations on screening were reviewed from major paediatric obesity guidelines and NAFLD guidelines. A literature overview is provided on open questions and controversies.ResultsScreening for NAFLD is advocated in all obesity and most NAFLD guidelines. Guidelines are not uniform in whom to screen, and most guidelines do not specify how screening should be performed in practice. Screening for NAFLD remains controversial, due to lack of a highly accurate screening tool, limited knowledge to predict the natural course of NAFLD and limited data on its cost effectiveness.ConclusionsGuidelines provide little guidance on how screening should be performed. Screening for NAFLD remains controversial because not all conditions for screening are fully met. Consensus is needed on the optimal use of currently available screening tools. Research should focus on new accurate screening tool, the natural history of NAFLD and the cost effectiveness of different screening strategies in children.
Impact of treatment crossovers on clinical outcomes in the rate and rhythm control strategies for atrial fibrillation: Insights from the AFFIRM (Atrial Fibrillation Follow‐up Investigation of Rhythm Management) trial
Authors: Maan Abhishek , Zhang Zheng , Qin Ziling , Wang Yanbing , Dudley Samuel , Dabhadakar Kaustubh , Refaat Marwan , Mansour Moussa , Ruskin Jeremy N. , Heist E. Kevin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe investigated the rates and reasons for crossover to alternative treatment strategies and its impact on mortality in patients who were enrolled in the Atrial Fibrillation Follow‐up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) trial. Over a mean follow‐up period of 3.5 years, 842 patients underwent crossover to the alternative treatment arms in AFFIRM. The rate of crossover from rhythm to rate control (594/2,033, 29.2%) was more frequent than the rate of crossover from rate to rhythm control (248/2,027, 12.2%, P < 0.0001). The leading reasons for crossover from rhythm to rate control were failure to achieve or maintain sinus rhythm (272/594, 45.8%) and intolerable adverse effects (122/594, 20.5%). In comparison, the major reasons for crossover from rate to rhythm control were failure to control atrial fibrillation symptoms (159/248, 64.1%) and intolerable adverse effects (9/248, 3.6%). This difference in crossover pattern was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). There was a significantly decreased risk of all‐cause mortality (adjusted HR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.48–0.78, P < 0.0001) and cardiac mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43–0.88, P = 0.008) in the subgroup of patients who crossed over from rhythm to rate control as compared to those who continued in rhythm control. There was a nonsignificant trend toward decreased all‐cause (adjusted HR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.53–1.10, P = 0.14) and cardiac mortality (adjusted HR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.42–1.18, P = 0.18) in patients who crossed over from rate to rhythm control as compared to those who continued rate control.
Procedural outcomes and long‐term survival following lead extraction in octogenarians
Authors: El‐Chami Mikhael F. , Sayegh Michael N. , Patel Adarsh , El‐Khalil Jad , Desai Yaanik , Leon Angel R. , Merchant Faisal M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundOctogenarians account for a significant percentage of patients with indwelling pacemakers or defibrillators.ObjectivesTo determine procedural outcomes and long‐term survival after lead extraction (LE) in octogenarians.MethodsWe retrospectively identified all patients who underwent defibrillator or pacemaker LE at our institution between January 1, 2007 and May 31, 2016. Patients were stratified based on age into two groups: <80 years old (Group 1, n = 674) or ≥80 (Group 2, n = 100). Outcomes were determined by medical records review and query of the Social Security Death Index.ResultsPatients in Group 2 were more likely to be hypertensive (77% vs 61%, P = 0.02), more like to have coronary artery disease (50% vs 39%, P = 0.049), and more likely to be extracted for infectious indications (47% vs 33%, P = .009). The number of leads extracted per procedure was 2.0 ± 0.8 and the mean dwell time of the oldest extracted lead was 5.6 ± 4.3 years, without significant differences between groups. Extraction procedure success (Group 1: 94.7%, Group 2: 96%, P = 0.808) and procedural deaths (Group 1: 0.9% vs Group 2: 0%, P = 1.0) were similar. There was no significant difference in survival up to 3 years following LE between groups.ConclusionAt experienced centers, LE can be performed safely in octogenarians with procedural success rates and long‐term survival comparable to younger individuals.
Skepticism about Skepticism about Moral Responsibility
Authors: Robison John W. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis article rejects Gideon Rosen's skeptical argument that attributions of blameworthiness are never epistemically justified. Granting Rosen's controversial claim that an act is blameworthy only if it is either akratic or the causal upshot of some akratic act, I show that we can and should resist his skeptical conclusion. I show, first, that Rosen's argument is, at best, hostage to a much more global skepticism about attributions of praiseworthiness, doxastic justification, and other phenomena which essentially involve causal‐historical facts about mental states. I then show how, equipped with proper background knowledge, we can justifiedly attribute blameworthiness.