bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disorders of sex development: a study of 194 cases
Authors: Walia R , Singla M , Vaiphei K , Kumar S , Bhansali A 
Published: February 2018

Objective
To study the clinical proﬁle and the management of patients with disorders of sex development (DSD).

Design and setting
Retrospective study from a tertiary care hospital of North India.

Methods and patients
One hundred ninety-four patients of DSD registered in the Endocrine clinic of Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh between 1995 and 2014 were included.

Results
One hundred and two patients (52.5%) had 46,XY DSD and seventy-four patients (38.1%) had 46,XX DSD. Sex chromosome DSD was identified in seven (3.6%) patients. Of 102 patients with 46,XY DSD, 32 (31.4%) had androgen insensitivity syndrome and 26 (25.5%) had androgen biosynthetic defect. Of the 74 patients with 46,XX DSD, 52 (70.27%) had congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and eight (10.8%) had ovotesticular DSD. Five patients with sex chromosome DSD had mixed gonadal dysgenesis. Excluding CAH, majority of the patients (90%) presented in the post-pubertal period. One-fourth of the patients with simple virilising CAH were reared as males because of strong male gender identity and behaviour and firm insistence by the parents. Corrective surgeries were performed in twenty patients (20%) of 46,XY DSD without hormonal evaluation prior to the presentation.

Conclusion
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is the most common DSD in the present series. Most common XY DSD is androgen insensitivity syndrome, while CAH is the most common XX DSD. Delayed diagnosis is a common feature, and corrective surgeries are performed without seeking a definite diagnosis.
The comprehensive impact on human body induced by resolution of growth hormone excess
Authors: Zhang Zhaoyun , Li Qin , He Wenqiang , Qiu Huijia , Ye Hongying , Wang Yongfei , Shen Ming , He Min , Yu Yifei , Shou Xuefei , Huang Chuanxin , Yu Huan , Huang Guoqian , Tang Weijun , Geng Daoying , Fu Chaowei , Liu Congjin , Ma Zengyi , Ye Zhao , Zhang Qilin , Zhang Yichao , Shen Yue , Yang Yeping , Wang Meng , Liu Xingdang , Lu Yun , Hu Renming , Mao Ying , Zhou Liangfu , Li Yiming , Li Shiqi , Tritos Nicholas A , Zhao Yao 
Published: February 2018

Context
Chronic excess of growth hormone (GH) often leads to systemic complications. The reversibility of these complications after GH resolution is not fully understood.

Objective
To investigate when and to what extent will the comorbidities be ameliorated.

Design
We conducted a prospective study comprising 24 patients with acromegaly, who achieved remission after transsphenoidal surgery. The dynamic changes of endocrine, cardiovascular, respiratory, sleep, bone and morphology parameters were evaluated at enrollment and 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after surgery.

Results
Random GH dropped by 98.4% at the first day postoperatively. IGF-I index dropped by 50% and 64% at 1 week and 1 month respectively and remained unchanged onwards. Glucose metabolism improved significantly at 1 week and stabilized at 1 month. Testosterone in male patients recovered to normal range since 1 month. Systolic blood pressures dropped markedly at 3 months while diastolic blood pressures fell mildly at later visits. Abnormal lung function showed no improvement. The decrease of bone formation and resorption markers occurred at 1 week and 3 months, respectively. At 1 month, the tongue area declined while the airway volume increased significantly, accompanied with improved obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Extremities, lips and nasal ala became smaller since 1 week. Liver, kidney and spleen volumes declined by 6.4, 15.9, 9.2%, respectively at 1 month. The volumes of pancreas and adrenal showed no change.

Conclusions
The rapid resolution of excessive GH led to the reversible changes of systemic comorbidities in a time-dependent and organ-specific manner.
Neighborhood Deprivation and Childhood Asthma Outcomes, Accounting for Insurance Coverage
Authors: Nkoy Flory L. , Stone Bryan L. , Knighton Andrew J. , Fassl Bernhard A. , Johnson Joseph M. , Maloney Christopher G. , Savitz Lucy A. 
Published: February 2018

OBJECTIVES:Collecting social determinants data is challenging. We assigned patients a neighborhood-level social determinant measure, the area of deprivation index (ADI), by using census data. We then assessed the association between neighborhood deprivation and asthma hospitalization outcomes and tested the influence of insurance coverage.METHODS:A retrospective cohort study of children 2 to 17 years old admitted for asthma at 8 hospitals. An administrative database was used to collect patient data, including hospitalization outcomes and neighborhood deprivation status (ADI scores), which were grouped into quintiles (ADI 1, the least deprived neighborhoods; ADI 5, the most deprived neighborhoods). We used multivariable models, adjusting for covariates, to assess the associations and added a neighborhood deprivation status and insurance coverage interaction term.RESULTS:A total of 2270 children (median age 5 years; 40.6% girls) were admitted for asthma. We noted that higher ADI quintiles were associated with greater length of stay, higher cost, and more asthma readmissions (P &lt; .05 for most quintiles). Having public insurance was independently associated with greater length of stay (β: 1.171; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.117–1.228; P &lt; .001), higher cost (β: 1.147; 95% CI: 1.093–1.203; P &lt; .001), and higher readmission odds (odds ratio: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.46–2.24; P &lt; .001). There was a significant deprivation–insurance effect modification, with public insurance associated with worse outcomes and private insurance with better outcomes across ADI quintiles (P &lt; .05 for most combinations).CONCLUSIONS:Neighborhood-level ADI measure is associated with asthma hospitalization outcomes. However, insurance coverage modifies this relationship and needs to be considered when using the ADI to identify and address health care disparities.
Potential Opportunities for Prevention or Earlier Diagnosis of Child Physical Abuse in the Inpatient Setting
Authors: Puls Henry T. , Anderst James D. , Bettenhausen Jessica L. , Masonbrink Abbey , Markham Jessica L. , Plencner Laura , Krager Molly , Johnson Matthew B. , Walker Jacqueline M. , Greeley Christopher S. , Hall Matthew 
Published: February 2018

OBJECTIVES:To compare rates of previous inpatient visits among children hospitalized with child physical abuse (CPA) with controls as well as between individual abuse types.METHODS:In this study, we used the Pediatric Health Information System administrative database of 44 children’s hospitals. Children &lt;6 years of age hospitalized with CPA between January 1, 2011, and September 30, 2015, were identified by discharge codes and propensity matched to accidental injury controls. Rates for previous visit types were calculated per 10 000 months of life. χ2 and Poisson regression were used to compare proportions and rates.RESULTS:There were 5425 children hospitalized for CPA. Of abuse and accident cases, 13.1% and 13.2% had a previous inpatient visit, respectively. At previous visits, abused children had higher rates of fractures (rate ratio [RR] = 3.0 times; P = .018), head injuries (RR = 3.5 times; P = .005), symptoms concerning for occult abusive head trauma (AHT) (eg, isolated vomiting, seizures, brief resolved unexplained events) (RR = 1.4 times; P = .054), and perinatal conditions (eg, prematurity) (RR = 1.3 times; P = .014) compared with controls. Head injuries and symptoms concerning for occult AHT also more frequently preceded cases of AHT compared with other types of abuse (both P &lt; .001).CONCLUSIONS:Infants hospitalized with perinatal-related conditions, symptoms concerning for occult AHT, and injuries are inpatient populations who may benefit from abuse prevention efforts and/or risk assessments. Head injuries and symptoms concerning for occult AHT (eg, isolated vomiting, seizures, and brief resolved unexplained events) may represent missed opportunities to diagnose AHT in the inpatient setting; however, this requires further study.
Use of Intranasal Dexmedetomidine as a Solo Sedative for MRI of Infants
Authors: Olgun Gokhan , Ali Mir Hyder 
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUND:
Dexmedetomidine, a selective α-2 receptor agonist, can be delivered via the intranasal (IN) route and be used for procedural sedation. The drug’s favorable hemodynamic profile and relative ease of application make it a promising agent for sedation during radiologic procedures, although there are few studies on its efficacy for MRI studies.

METHODS:
A retrospective chart review was performed between June 2014 and December 2016. Outpatients between 1 and 12 months of age who received 4 μg/kg of IN dexmedetomidine for MRI were included in the analysis. Our aim with this study was to determine the rate of successful completion of the sedation procedure without the need for a rescue drug (other than repeat IN dexmedetomidine).

RESULTS:
A total of 52 subjects were included in our study. Median (interquartile range) patient age was 7 (5–8) months. Median (interquartile range) procedure length was 40 (35–50) minutes. Overall success rate (including first dose and any rescue dose IN) of dexmedetomidine was 96.2%. None of the patients had significant adverse effects related to dexmedetomidine.

CONCLUSIONS:
IN dexmedetomidine is an effective solo sedative agent for MRI in infants.
DINAMIKA KEBIJAKAN PENGELOLAAN DAN KEWIBAWAAN KELEMBAGAAN ADAT (Studi Kasus Pada Masyarakat Adat Liya di Wakatobi Sulawesi Tenggara)
Authors: Kurniasari Nendah , Ramadhan Andrian , Lindawati Lindawati 
Published: February 2018

Pasang surut kewenangan lembaga adat dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya kelautan dan perikanan di Wakatobi, turut berpengaruh terhadap kondisi sumberdaya alam tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan bagaimana peran kelembagaan adat dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya kelautan dan perikanan. Penelitian pada masyarakat adat liya di Kabupaten Wakatobi pada Tahun 2015 dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif yang mengandalkan data sekunder dan data primer dari berbagai informan kunci.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelembagaan adat di wakatobi meskipun eksistensinya sudah menurun namun kewibawaannya relatif masih kuat sehingga berpotensi sebagai lembaga yang efektif untuk mengatur perilaku masyarakat dalam memanfaatkan sumberdaya kelautan dan perikanan secara arif. Hal ini berpengaruh terhadap keberlanjutan nilai sosial dari sumberdaya. Oleh karenanya, revitalisasi lembaga adat merupakan langkah yang harus segera dilaksanakan oleh pemerintah guna menjaga sumberdaya kelautanan dan perikanan secara berkelanjutan.Title: Exoticism of Wakatobi and institutional initiative Citizen using Case study on Indigenous peoples in Wakatobi Sulawesi TenggaraThe dynamics of the authority of traditional institutions in the management of marine resources and fisheries in the Wakatobi, also affect the condition of the natural resources. This study aims to describe how the role of traditional institutions in the management of marine resources and fisheries. The study was conducted in Wanci and Kaledupa in 2015 using qualitative methods that rely on secondary data and primary data from a variety of key informants. The results showed that the traditional institutions in wakatobi although its existence has been declining but still relatively strong authority, thereby potentially as effective institutions to regulate people's behavior in the use of marine and fishery resources wisely. Therefore, the revitalization of traditional institutions is a step that should be undertaken by the government to safeguard marine and fisheries resources in a sustainable manner.
Ángel Manuel Rodríguez, editor. Worship, Ministry, and the Authority of the Church, Silver Sping, MD: Biblical Research Institute, 2016).
Authors: Iparraguirre Joel , Mendoza Oscar S. 
Published: February 2018

Reseña a un libro recientemente publicado por el Instituto de Investigaciones Bíblicas de la Asociación General de los Adventistas del Séptimo Día.
Developing observation and reflective skills through teaching practice
Authors: Robles Jeannette Valencia 
Published: February 2018

This case study explores the effects of addressing observations and reflective skills of 12-student teachers during their teaching practices for infant education in Guadalajara, Spain. The participants had been studying the basics of CLIL methodology and reflexive-teaching during a four-month learning period. Then, they participated in a six-hour workshop in which they were required to observe, participate in, and reflect on the teacher and each other’s on a four-minute teaching practice to assess their presentations following the given guidelines. The results show that students could demonstrate they are on the path of making effective observations and reflections on an observed practice.

Keywords: Reflective skills, Spain, effective observations, practice, workshop.
Are music-based interventions a way to improve executive function in autism?
Authors: Haering Sylvia Ingeborg 
Published: February 2018

Executive functions (EFs) play a vital part in planning and organising everyday life, and they are directly linked to tasks like problem solving and language skills. Furthermore, weaknesses in EF are frequent in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Since music therapy is gaining popularity as a treatment and education technique with this population, it seems important to examine its effects on EFs. This study seeks to evaluate the potential of music-based interventions to influence EFs, and to discuss its value in music therapy and special education research. A total of 12 studies were included in the research. As most research is focused on active music making in healthy subjects, its effects on EF in autism must be deduced and discussed based on the literature. The findings of this study can contribute to open new perspectives in music therapy research, and to create innovative approaches for children with ASD.

Keywords: Executive function, autism, music therapy, special education.
Kesme Gül Yetiştiriciliğinde Arıtma Çamuru Uygulamalarının Bitki Gelişimi, Çiçeklenme ve Kalite Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: AKAT Hülya , ALTUNLU Hakan , ÇETİNKALE DEMİRKAN Gülbin , AKAT SARAÇOĞLU Özlem , YOKAŞ İbrahim 
Published: February 2018

İçerdiği
organik madde ve besin elementleri bakımından değerli bir ürün olan atık çamur,
çevreye olumsuz etkileri önemli bir problem haline gelmiştir. Rosa canina ‘Laxa’ üzerine aşılı Rosa sp. “Akito” kesme gülünün
yetiştiriciliğinde farklı dozlarda toprağa uygulanan atık çamurun (D0: % 0, D1:
% 20,D2: %&nbsp; 40, D3: % 60), bitki
gelişimi, verim ve kalite kriterleri üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bitki
gelişimi, verim ve kalite ile ilgili sonuçlara bakıldığında yaş ve kuru üst
aksam ve kök ağırlığı, kök uzunluğu, bitki başına çiçek sayısı, çiçek sapı
uzunluğu ve çapı, gonca boyu ve çapı arıtma çamuru uygulaması ile artmıştır. En
iyi değerler % 40 arıtma çamuru ilave edilen uygulamada elde edilmiştir. Fakat
bu oranın üzerindeki arıtma çamuru artışlarında bütün değerler azalma eğilimi
göstermiştir. Araştırmada arıtma çamurunun kesme gül yetiştiriciliğinde
kullanımının mümkün olduğu uygulanan tüm dozların kontrol uygulamasına göre
başarılı olduğu, hem bitki gelişimi hem de kaliteyi olumlu yönde etkilediği
saptanmıştır.&nbsp;
Biber (Capsicum annuum L.) ve Patlıcan (Solanum melongena L.) Tohumlarının Fidelik Performanslarının İyileştirilmesi
Authors: DUMAN İbrahim , GÖKÇÖL Adem 
Published: February 2018

&nbsp;

Araştırmada özellikle fidelik koşullarında çimlenme/çıkış sorunu yaşanan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;biber ve patlıcan tohumlarının fidelik
performanslarının iyileştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla tohumlara ekim
öncesinde 3 faklı uygulama (polimer film kaplama uygulaması, film kaplama
solüsyonuna yüklenen % 0,2’lik KNO3 kombinasyonu (polimer+KNO3)
uygulaması ile çimlenme ve fidelik koşullarında KNO3 uygulaması)
yapılmıştır. Uygulamalardan sonra yapılan çimlenme ve fidelik koşulundaki çıkış
testlerindelerinde uygulamaların çimlenme/çıkış oranı ve ortalama
çimlenme/çıkış zamanına olan etkileri ile elde edilen fidelerin bazı kalite
özelliklerine olan etkileri belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen verilerin
değerlendirilmesi sonunda, her iki türde de ortalama çimlenme/çıkış zamanının
azaltılmasında KNO3 uygulamasının etkisi istatistiki bakımdan önemli
bulunmuştur. Bu uygulama ile biber tohumunda hem yüksek oranda çimlenme
(%92,48) ve çıkış (%90,57) hemde erken çimlenme (5,17 gün) ve çıkış (9,95 gün)
elde edilmiştir. Patlıcan tohumlarında da en yüksek çıkış oranı (%98,00) yine
aynı uygulamadan elde edilmiştir. Patlıcan tohumlarının ortalama çimlenme ve
çıkış zamanı değerleri bakımından da uygulamalar arasındaki fark istatistiki
anlamda önemli bulunmuş olup KNO3 uygulaması ile ortalama çimlenme
ve çıkış zamanına sırası ile 4,64 ve 9,70 günde ulaşılmıştır.&nbsp;
İzmir, Çanakkale ve Balıkesir İlleri Keçi İşletmelerinde Sürü Yönetim Uygulamaları Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: Taşkın Turgay , Koşum Nedim , Engindeniz Sait , Savran A.Ferhan , Aktürk Duygu , Kesenkaş Harun , Uzmay Ayşe , Gökmen Mukadderat 
Published: February 2018

&nbsp;

Bu araştırmanın
amacı, İzmir, Çanakkale ve Balıkesir illerinde keçi yetiştiriciliği yapan
işletmelerde sürü yönetimi (bakım-besleme-sağlık koruma) uygulamaları
bakımından bir durum tespiti yapmaktır. Araştırma verileri, tabakalı (oransal)
tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemiyle belirlenen 234 işletmeden elde edilmiştir.
İşletmeler, 75 baş ve daha az hayvanı olan (1.grup), 76-150 baş hayvanı olan
(2.grup) ve 151 baş ve daha fazla hayvanı olan (3.grup) şeklinde
gruplandırılmıştır. İller bazında Çanakkale, keçi varlığında ilk sırayı
almakta, bunu Balıkesir ili izlemektedir. Keçi yetiştiriciliği yapan
işletmelerin çoğunlukla yerleşik sisteme sahip olduğu, küçük işletmelerde göçer
ya da yarı-göçer sistemin az da olsa devam ettiği söylenebilir.&nbsp; İşletmelerde baskın teke katım şekli serbest
aşım şeklindedir. Elde aşım yapan işletme sayısı çok azdır. Tekelerin sürüde
kalma süresi ortalama 10.11 aydır. İşletmelerin %55.13’ünde doğum için bir
hazırlık yapılmakta ve %58.55’inde doğum bölmesi bulunmaktadır. İşletmelerin
%55.13’ünde oğlakların sütten kesim ağırlığına ait bir kayıt yoktur.
İşletmeler, damızlık gereksinimlerini öncelikle kendi sürülerinden
sağlamaktadır. Keçi yetiştiriciliğinin geliştirilmesi amacıyla yetiştirici
lehine kısa ve orta vadede alınacak teknik-ekonomik kararların ülkemizde bu
üretim dalının gelişmesine önemli katkılar yapacağı beklenmektedir.&nbsp;
Pengaruh Kepemilikan Keluarga dan Good Corporate Governance Terhadap Kualitas Laba dan Kinerja Perusahaan
Authors: Mathova Anna , Perdana Halim Dedy , Rahmawati Isna Putri 
Published: February 2018

This research is purposed to find out the effect of family ownership and Good Corporate Governance toward the earning quality and firm performance of the company listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2012 up to 2014. The sample of this research is using 153 companies for the earning quality model and 137 companies for firm performance model in Indonesia from 2012 up to 2014. The sampling is done using purposive sampling method. The analysis method used is multiple linear regression analysis method using SPSS version 21.00. The result of the regression testing of earning quality model shows that only debt ratio influent the earning quality, while family ownership, institutional ownership, independent commissioner, type audit and payout ratio do not. The test for the firm performance shows that the institutional ownership, independent commissioner, type audit and payout ratio are influencing the firm performance while the family ownership and debt ratio are not.
Protective Effects of Nitric Oxide on Photosynthetic Stability and Performance of Silybum marianum under Water Deficit Conditions
Authors: Zangani Esmaeil , Zehtab‐Salmasi Saeid , Andalibi Babak , Zamani Abbas‐Ali 
Published: February 2018

Core Ideas
Milk thistle is a medicinal plant cultivating for production of silymarin and oil.The results our work showed that with the application of SNP photosynthesis, pigments content, and water status were improved in the drought stress condition and as a result significant increases in secondary metabolites production and grain yield was observed.Overall, this study suggest that application of 100 µM SNP and using Sari ecotype can be recommended for maximizing crop yield under drought stress in semiarid environment.
Milk thistle is a medicinal plant cultivated for production of silymarin and oil. Nitric oxide as an active molecule, plays an important role in plant’s reaction to drought stress. In this study, we investigated the role of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) as a nitric oxide donor for tolerance enhancement of drought in two genotypes of milk thistle in a 2‐yr field experiment. With increasing drought severity, photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of milk thistle decreased significantly. The exogenous application of SNP significantly compensated for the negative effects of drought on photosynthetic rate by 40%, but also reduced stomatal conductance during 6 d after withholding irrigation. Drought stress significantly decreased pigments content and this affect was compensated by applying SNP in both genotypes. Among yield components, the number of heads per plant showed the highest sensitivity to drought stress followed by seed weight, while all yield components responded significantly to the application of SNP. Withholding irrigation significantly decreased seed yield in both genotypes and years. Averaged over 2 yr, application of 100 µM SNP in Sari ecotype at the stage of stem elongation and anthesis significantly improved seed yield by 38 and 33%, respectively, compared with the non‐application of SNP. However, in the Hungarian cultivar, SNP only led to a significant increase of 29% in seed yield during anthesis stress. Overall, this study suggest that application of SNP at a rate of 100 μM had potential to ameliorate the adverse effect of drought stress on photosynthetic rate and seed yield of milk thistle.
Broadleaf Weed Control in Corn (Zea mays L.) with Sulfonylurea Herbicides Tank‐mixed with 2,4‐D + MCPA
Authors: Sarabi Vahid , Ghanbari Ali , Mohassel Mohammad Hasan Rashed , Mahallati Mehdi Nassiri , Rastgoo Mehdi 
Published: February 2018

Core Ideas
Sulfonylurea herbicides mixed with 2,4‐D + MCPA control redroot pigweed effectively.Foramsulfuron mixed with 2,4‐D + MCPA controlled weeds better than nicosulfuron.Yield did not decrease in treatments by higher ratios of 2, 4‐D + MCPA.Yield decreased in sulfonylurea herbicides applied alone.
Redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) are two of the world’s worst broadleaf weeds. In this study, the effects of (2‐(N‐((4,6‐dimethoxypyrimidin‐2‐yl)carbamoyl)sulfamoyl)‐4‐formamido‐N,N‐dimethylbenzamide) (foramsulfuron) and (2‐[(4,6‐dimethoxypyrimidin‐2‐yl)carbamoylsulfamoyl]‐N,N‐dimethylpyridine‐3‐carboxamide) (nicosulfuron) applied alone or tank‐mixed with ((2,4‐dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid plus (4‐chloro‐2‐methylphenoxy) acetic acid) (2,4‐D + MCPA) at different ratios on redroot pigweed and common lambsquarters control in corn (Zea mays L.) were examined. Field experiments were conducted in 2011 and 2012 at the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in Mashhad, Iran. These experiments were conducted as a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results indicated that foramsulfuron and nicosulfuron (sulfonylurea herbicides) applied in tank‐mix with 2,4‐D + MCPA controlled redroot pigweed and common lambsquarters from 78 to 100%, depending on herbicide doses. Corn grain yield was less when sulfonylurea herbicides were applied alone compared to when they were applied with 2,4‐D + MCPA. Corn grain yield was not different when 2,4‐D + MCPA were tank‐mixed at higher rates with sulfonylurea herbicides compared to the weed‐free check. Tank‐mixtures of foramsulfuron + 2,4‐D + MCPA caused less injury and yield loss than nicosulfuron + 2,4‐D + MCPA.