bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is the Optimal Operation to Eliminate Cuttings Bed by Using Jet Comminuting Technique?
Authors: Liu Yongsheng , Gao Deli , Li Xin , Qin Xing , Li He , Liu Hang 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Cuttings bed generated by the bad and non-prompt cuttings-carrying in extended reach well (ERD) and horizontal well drilling, can easily lead to slow rate of penetration (ROP) and poor drilling efficiency as well as increasing the risk of sticking. Previous studies have shown that the cuttings size is a major factor for the generation of cuttings bed, and the smaller cuttings size (&lt;2.5mm) can effectively prevent the formation of cuttings bed. Jet comminuting technique has high efficiency for smashing solid materials which could be used to crush the cuttings into smaller debris. The coupling analysis method, including the CFD-DEM modeling for the interaction between fluid and cuttings as well as the particle replacement and bonding modeling for cuttings breakage, was used to characterize the jet comminuting process of cuttings. This paper mainly focused on the influence of the flow velocity and the target inclination on jet comminuting. The results show that the cuttings through the throat have a significant acceleration and the speed can be increased by 20-30 (m/s), which provides a good impact speed for the cuttings. After accelerated by the fluid and crushed with the target, the vast majority of cuttings have formed smaller debris. When the speed reaches 50(m/s), the particle crushing efficiency is obvious, and increasing the inlet speed further would make a little difference just ahead of the time. The inclination of the target near the 65° can obtain a good result. Furthermore, the analysis findings can help guide the engineering design and this paper proposes a new perspective to introduce the jet comminuting technique to the drilling operation.
Seismic Inversion of 3D WAZ Data Supporting the Evaluation of a low UTC Natih Stratigraphic Trap Discovery in North Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Wulff Angelika-M. , Dejong Hubert , Ghulam Uzma 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Stratigraphic traps have been expected in the Natih Formation in North Oman based on geological understanding and indications from Top Natih seismic amplitude. Recently the presence of commercially recoverable oil in a stratigraphic trap has been demonstrated by a dedicated exploration and appraisal campaign. This is the first hydrocarbon discovery in stratigraphic trapping configuration in PDO's Block 6.
In 2008 well N1 was drilled based on 2D seismic for a deeper gas target and found 15m of pay in the shallow Natih A. A new 3D wide azimuth (WAZ) seismic was acquired in 2011-2012 over the area where the well is located. The detailed interpretation of the Top Natih carbonate on the new seismic revealed an amplitude anomaly in spite of the absence of any apparent structural closure. Well N1 sits within this anomaly and the HC-water contact interpreted from well logs roughly coincides with the northern edge of the amplitude anomaly. Further analysis of the seismic and well data led to the identification and interpretation of an intra Natih A reflector with a pinch-out towards the south coinciding with the southern edge of the amplitude anomaly.
Seismic inversion supported by QI modeling was fundamental for the evaluation and appraisal of this non-conventional discovery and supported the search for subtle traps over the whole area of good quality seismic. Impedance volumes and map extractions from the volumes indicate high porosity areas which cannot be identified in a similar way on seismic amplitude maps. The volumes and maps were used to select well locations in the appraisal campaign and have also significantly impacted in-place volumes. The data led as well to the identification of a number of additional subtle trap leads in this area in North Oman and supports the concept of porosity preservation by early HC charge.
An Overview of Challenges faced by Woman and its Mitigation Plan in Upstream Oil & Gas Fields of Abu Dhabi, UAE.
Authors: Katheeri Faaeza Al 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This paper focuses on the challenges that women are facing in the Upstream Oil & Gas fields and work sites in Abu Dhabi. Currently ADNOC management is steering a drive to encourage more and more participation of women working in the fields and worksites. However, it is a world wide observation that some of them are facing difficulties that can be mitigated by changing the companies' culture, updating HR polices and prepare the facilities properly in order to reach the best integration of women task force in office and work/ field sites.
In order to fully understand the challenges of women working in field sites we have attempted to inquire a large scale intra-industry interviews, quantitative survey using benchmark companies. The data used is from the World international oil company's reports, World Development Indicators, and additionally collected by survey/ interviews.
Generally, the database created for this study has helped us to define the challenges, mitigations and benefits of engaging women in the field/ sites activities. Different workplace and scenarios are studies as reference data. A clear objective of women involvement in field/ sites driven by their roles and responsibilities aligned to business objectives, analyses on change impact at organizational level, cultural and social level has been outlined. All risks and mitigation plans are outlined to propose change in HR policies to make women work in safe and healthy environment in order to contribute efficiently and effectively to the company and country.
Multi-Functional and Non-Acidic Iron Sulfide Scale Dissolver for Downhole Applications
Authors: Chen Tao , Wang Qiwei , Chang Frank , Albelharith Esmael 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Iron sulfide scale is one of the major flow assurance issues for the oil and gas fields. Mechanical descaling is currently applied, but it is time consuming and costly. Dissolvers based on concentrated hydrochloric (HCl) acid have high dissolving power, but they also have limited applicability due to overwhelming drawbacks such as corrosion and H2S generation. This paper presents the latest development of alternative iron sulfide scale dissolvers for downhole applications.
The selection criteria of alternative iron sulfide scale dissolver are high dissolution performance, low corrosion to carbon steel at elevated temperature, no H2S evolution and no formation damage. Three typical conventional iron sulfide scale dissolvers (THPS, pH neutralized chelate, and traditional chelate), along with 15wt% HCl were used as reference to compare the performance of the newly developed dissolver. Static dissolution tests and general and localized corrosion tests at elevated temperature were carried out to evaluate the dissolution and corrosion performance. Dynamic core flood tests were performed to investigate the potential formation permeability alteration when the chemical enters into the formation near wellbore, and CT scan was conducted to investigate the effect of dissolver on reservoir stimulation.
Test results indicate that the new non-acidic iron sulfide scale dissolver is an efficient and cost effective alternative for removing iron sulfide dominated scale deposited in downhole tubular and near wellbore. Results showed the new developed dissolver performed significantly better performance in term of iron sulfide dissolution capacity and much lower corrosion at high temperature. In addition, this new dissolver has no H2S generation and iron sulfide re-precipitation problems, which is significantly improve the efficient and safe operations. Moreover, it showed multifunctional characteristic of well stimulation, addressed and confirmed by dynamic coreflood evaluation and CT scan.
The new developed iron sulfide dissolver can mitigate iron sulfide deposited in tubing, near wellbore, and topside facilities with issues of iron sulfide black powder and schmoo.
Design Transformation of Hydraulically Powered Coiled Tubing Tractors for Matrix Acidizing Stimulations in Extended Reach Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Duthie Laurie , Saeed Abubaker , Shaheen Saud , Saiood Hussain , Moore Bruce , Krueger Ernie 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The deployment of hydraulically powered coiled tubing (CT) tractors for matrix acidizing stimulations in extended reach carbonate reservoirs have provided critical benefits to well productivity. The technology allows for uniform placement of the matrix acid treatment while ensuring good zonal coverage. There have been several innovative tractor technologies developed over the last few years and the latest advances in design required an ‘out of the box' solution. For oil producers with electrical submersible pumps (ESP) completions including bypass sections, the 2.4" restriction in tubing size requires a large expansion ratio once the tractor enters the 7" cased and 6-1/8" open hole sections. The slim size of the tractor and expansion ratio were the main challenges to overcome in designing a tractor capable of delivering a high enough pull force to reach deeper target depths. It was recognized that a radical change in slim tractor design was required if these goals were to be met.
Although 2-1/8" slim CT tractors have been used extensively in this field, the results were not always consistent, leading to reduced coverage during the acid stimulation of the well which resulted in lower production and reservoir optimization. These previous tractors relied upon wheel sections to transfer the pulling force to the casing or open hole. Although these tractors performed well in the cased hole environment, they were less effective once the wheels came in contact with the reservoir rock. To overcome this deficiency, a completely new approach was taken in designing a slim tractor that could deliver a much higher pull force with improved grip in the open hole section. The new design uses a synchronized gripper system to enable the tractor to have continuous traction in the open hole section. This new compact design, while less than ½ the length, produces almost double the pulling force of the previous wheel based slim CT tractors.
During the trial test, the tractor delivered a pulling force of up to 3500 lbs to overcome friction and helical buckling forces to reach the target depth (TD). This resulted in an increase in the stimulation coverage from the original lock up depth of around 50% of the open hole, to increase the coverage to 100% of the open hole.
This new design opens a window to ultimately meet the goals of improved well treatment in long horizontals resulting in better productivity and uniform flow distribution in extended reach oil wells. New generations of the tractor are planned for development with increased pull force, higher expansion ratios for larger OH sizes and also to allow real time production logging on coil tubing.
Enhanced Gas Recovery by CO2 Injection and Sequestration: Effect of Connate Water Salinity on Displacement Efficiency
Authors: Abba M. K. , Abbas A. J. , Nasr G. G. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
As natural gas continues to gain widespread usage as a source of cleaner and efficient fossil fuel, while greenhouse gas emission is attracting environmental consequences, the need for a viable method to enhance gas recovery and curtail greenhouse gas emissions, is paramount. The technique of injecting CO2 for Enhanced Gas Recovery (EGR) is deemed one of the efficient methods for simultaneously storing CO2 emissions and improving additional natural gas recovery from depleted gas fields, provided that the gas mixing in situ can be reduced. This can be achieved by an understanding of the mechanisms of displacement and the factors that affect them. This provides vital information for further studies aimed at a robust field scale application to establish the economic viability of the process. Connate water saturation and salinities are vital properties of the reservoir and their influence on the displacement efficiency cannot be overemphasised. This experimental study determines the effect of connate water salinity, in sandstone sample, on the displacement efficiency during EGR. This study presents the first novel experimental measurement of dispersion of CO2 in CH4 as a function of salinity in consolidated porous media. A laboratory experiment depicting the detailed process of the CO2-CH4 displacement in sandstone core samples at a temperature a temperature of 40°C and at a pressure of 1,300 psig, was carried in the investigation, at a CO2 injection rate of 0.25 ml/min to evaluate the displacement efficiency. The findings indicated that salinity of the connate water tends to decrease the dispersion of CO2 in CH4 at the stated conditions. This can be attributed to the increase in density of the connate water with increase in salinity, which occupies smaller pore channels within the porous medium thereby making the core sample more homogeneous. Also, grain diameter measurements were carried out from Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of the porous media using image analysis to establish the characteristic length scale of mixing of the medium.
New High-Definition Frequency Tool for Tubing and Multiple Casing Corrosion Detection
Authors: Martin Luis Emilio , Fouda Ahmed Elsayed , Amineh Reza Khalaj , Capoglu Ilker , Donderici Burkay , Roy Sushovon Singha , Hill Freeman 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
An electromagnetic corrosion inspection tool was designed to accurately assess corrosion in as many as five nested pipes. This paper provides details of the principles of operations and the methodology of the algorithms used for data processing of this tool.
This tool uses the eddy current principle and includes two transmitters and eight receivers. It operates in continuous wave mode at multiple frequencies. Optimized transmitter-receiver spacing configurations and multifrequency operation provide sufficiently diverse information to help assess the metal loss in each individual pipe for a wide range of configurations.
The performance of the tool was validated with synthetic and actual data by using controlled tests and experiments. These tests demonstrated the accurate determination of the defect positions and metal loss in each individual pipe of a multiple configuration. To validate the wide operational range of the tool, synthetic tests were used that included challenging scenarios, such as the identification of defects with a total metal thickness of all casings of more than 2 in. or overlapping defects at the same axial position. Finally, the accuracy of the tool in practical scenarios was verified by using results from well tests. The electromagnetic corrosion inspection tool has delivered unprecedented accurate assessments of the fourth and fifth pipes, as well as an accurate assessment of the first, second, and third pipes.
The information provided by this tool can significantly improve decision-making for mature well operations, especially in areas with high corrosion rates, and could result in significant cost savings to the operator.
Comparison of the Diagenetic and Reservoir Quality Evolution Between the Anticline Crest and Flank of an Upper Jurassic Carbonate Reservoir, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Authors: Morad Daniel , Nader Fadi , Gasparrini Marta , Morad Sadoon , Darmaki Fatima Al , Martines Marco , Hellevang Helge 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This petrographic, stable isotopic and fluid inclusion microthermometric study revealed that the diagenetic and related reservoir quality evolution of the Upper Jurassic limestones across the studied field onshore Abu Dhabi, UAE, occurred during three phases, including: (i) near-surface to burial diagenesis, during which reservoir quality across the field was either deteriorated or preserved by calcite cementation presumably derived from marine or evolved marine pore waters. Improvement of reservoir quality was due to the formation of micropores by micritization of ooids and skeletal fragments and moldic/intragranular pores by subsequent dissolution of the peloids. (ii) Obduction of Oman ophiolites and formation of the anticline, which included gas migration and cementation of the crest and flank limestones by saddle dolomite and coarse calcite spar. High homogenization temperatures and salinity of the fluid inclusions, negative δ18OVPDB values, saddle shape of dolomite, and the presence of exotic cements suggest that these carbonates were formed by flux of hot basinal brines, possibly related to the tectonic compression event. (iii) Rapid subsidence subsequent to the obduction, which resulted in extensive stylolitization and cementation by calcite. This calcite cement occluded most of the remaining pores of the flank limestones (water zone). The results suggest that gas emplacement: (i) halts deep-burial diagenesis but less diagenesis related to flux of hot basinal brines, and (ii) accounts for the better carbonate reservoir quality in the crest than flanks of the anticline. These findings, which have important implications for the fluid flow and hydrocarbon migration, relates for first time diagenesis and reservoir quality evolution to the burial and tectonic events of foreland basins in the Arabian Gulf area.
Examining the Operational and Environmental Benefits of Using High-Voltage AC Transmission Systems to Supply Onshore Grid Power to Offshore O&G Installations
Authors: Atallah Adham , Audring Dirk , Kerin Uros 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This paper will discuss the feasibility of transmitting grid-supplied power to offshore platforms at long step-outs using high-voltage AC (HVAC) transmission systems.
In recent years, in an effort to reduce their environmental footprint, an increasing number of operators have considered supplying offshore installations with power from mainland electrical grids using high-voltage subsea cables. This is particularly the case in places like The North Sea, where there is a widespread push for O&G producers to ditch on-platform generators in favor of cleaner sources of electricity (hydro, wind, etc). On account of their low electrical losses and high transmission capacity over long distances, subsea DC transmission lines have traditionally been utilized to supply power to offshore platforms — especially for structures at long step-outs from shore (&gt;50 km). However, because these systems require the installation of a DC to AC power converter on the platform (along with other ancillary equipment), they pose significant challenges with regards to space, weight, and cost.
This paper will examine how flexible AC transmission systems can be used to eliminate this problem by supplying offshore installations long distances from shore with reliable and eco-friendly grid-supplied power. It will outline the advantages of deploying an AC transmission system over conventional on-platform gas turbine generators – some of which include reduced CO2 and NOx emissions, increased availability, and less maintenance. A case study will be presented on Total's Martin Linge platform in the North Sea, which currently employs the longest subsea AC power link in the world at 163 km (Power Martin Linge, 2015). The AC transmission system helps reduce Martin Linge's CO2 emissions by two million metric tons through elimination of on-platform generators.
The paper will focus on the technologies and methodologies that were used on Martin Linge and will discuss the role that power grid simulation and modeling played in lowering the cost for critical power infrastructure, ensuring onshore grid stability, and minimizing overall project risk. The paper will conclude by discussing how producers can use flexible AC transmission systems in other regions of the world to reduce the environmental impact of their offshore installations by capitalizing on clean, reliable grid-supplied power.
Analytical Approach of Tractoring Strategies in Coiled Tubing Applications in Horizontal Wells
Authors: Noui-Mehidi Mohamed N. , Saeed Abubaker , Badeghaish Wael 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
In the present paper we discuss the potential of increasing coiled tubing reach with well tractor applications. Several scenarios of tractoring are analytically investigated with regard to the benefits of adding tractoring at early stages of the well intervention procedure. The analytical approach takes into consideration the force balance at compression and tension states, and solves the buckling condition with regard to different parameters.
Link Between Microporous Limestones and Elastic Properties in Tight Carbonates. A Case Study from the Lower Arab Formation Upper Jurassic, Onshore United Arab Emirates
Authors: Periere Matthieu Deville , Foote Alexander , Bertouche Meriem , Shah Razza , al-Darmaki Fatima , Ishaq Wala bin 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The Lower Arab D Member (Kimmeridgian) in onshore UAE is typically characterised by a thick succession of homogeneous mudstones with local cm-scale interbedded bivalve-rich floatstones, which are thought to have been deposited in a low-energy mid-ramp setting. This sedimentological unit is located at the base of a sour gas reservoir that includes the oolitic grainstones of the Upper Arab D Member.
The pore system in these micritic deposits is dominated by matrix-hosted microporosity, along with open to partially cemented fractures, primary intraparticle macropores and rare biomoulds in the shell beds, hence a poor to very good porosity and extremely poor to rarely excellent permeability. Variations in porosity and permeability values appear to be strongly related to variations in the micritic fabric: both porosity and permeability increase when the micritic fabric evolves from anhedral compact with coalescent intercrystalline contacts (associated with very little and poorly connected micropores) to subrounded with facial to subpunctic intercrystalline contacts (with locally well-developed micropores). Micritic fabrics also clearly impact the elastic properties of the rock. Through analysis of elastic moduli calculated from standard density, and shear/compressional sonic wireline logs, the relationship between micritic fabric, porosity, permeability and geomechanical properties has been explored. With the evolution of micritic fabric from anhedral compact to subrounded, Young's Modulus decreases with increasing porosity and permeability, indicating a decrease in the overall stiffness of the mudstones. The implication of this observation is fundamental for the development of natural fractures within the Arab D, which are used as conduits for the vertical fluid flow. Indeed, stylolites with associated partially cemented tension gashes are commonly observed at the rheological boundaries, providing further secondary macroporosity and permeability anisotropy within the reservoir.
In this study, the observed link between micritic fabrics, log-derived porosity and elastic moduli within cored intervals has been used to predict micron-scale micritic fabric distribution in uncored wells from wireline logs only.