bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How community rehabilitation workers see their work
Authors: Petrick M. , Sichangwa K. , Pickford K. , Collinson M. 
Published: June 2017

This paper reports on research conducted by theWits/Tintswalo Community Rehabilitation, Research and Education(CORRE) Programme amongst qualified community rehabilitationworkers (CRWs). The aim was to understand how CRWs see theirrole, successes, supervision support received, problems encounteredand possible solutions.Eighteen qualified CRWs completed a questionnaire, which contained a range of open-ended and semi-structured questions.The findings included their perceived role and successes in theirwork. They were satisfied with the supervision received from theirtherapy supervisors and support from their communities. TheDepartment of Health did not support them as much as did theircommunities. The lack of government assistance for transport wastheir biggest problem: They were not always able to reach far awayclients and spent a lot of time travelling to and from clients everyday. They were also concerned that they were not registerable withthe South African Medical and Dental Council (SAMDC). These findings provided the Northern Province and the CommunityBased Rehabilitation (CBR) manager with information to improveCBR service delivery. A two year diploma course in therapy assistance (community) for CRWs, occupational and physiotherapy assistants has been started.
Complex regional pain syndromes (CRPS) type 1 validating case histories
Authors: Berger P. 
Published: June 2017

The treatment of patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type 1 is challenging and unpredictable as the condition presents with vascular and neuropathic symptoms after nil or even minor injury to a peripheral nerve. The condition is one of a pain and motor dysfunction. The pathophysiology is not well understood and the relief of symptoms may change from being sympathetically mediated to sympathetically independent during the course of the disease. At any stage physiotherapy has been advocated as the corner stone and most important aspect of treatment in the rehabilitation of these individuals but unfortunately it has been difficult to execute when pain is exacerbated due to allodynia (unbearable to touch or move) and hyperalgesia. Best results have been obtained if the patients are recognised and treated in the early or acute phase and it has been found that through careful assessment and analysis these patients can be recognised by previous events that have occurred in their initial case history. The treatment in the acute stage with physiotherapy modalities such as electrical stimulation and acupuncture will produce an early cessation of the symptoms and prevention of the disease developing into the fully blown CRPS type 1 with irreversible and possibly atrophic consequences. Case histories have been presented that illustrate these important aspects and demonstrate the value of early and the appropriate physiotherapy that may be more successful than other pharmacological and physical interventions in this disease.
Physiotherapy and low back pain - part iii: outcomes research utilising the biosychosocial model: psychosocial outcomes
Authors: Bardin L. D. 
Published: June 2017

A comprehensive understanding of low back pain (LBP)has evolved that necessitates the use of a biopsychosocial model, focusing on illness rather than disease and incorporating the biological, psychological and social aspects that are important to understand and to study LBP in its chronic form. Traditional outcome measures that measure elements within the biological component are limited to assess the spectrum of impacts caused by chronic low back pain (CLBP) and the validity, reliability and sensitivity of some of these measures has been questioned.Few physiologic tests of spine function are clinically meaningful to patients, objective physical findings can be absent, and in CLBP disability and activity intolerance are often disproportional to the original injury. Biological outcomes should be complemented by outcomes of the psychosocial aspects of back pain that measure the considerable functional and emotional impact on the quality of life of patients experiencing low back dysfunction. Outcomes research is an analysis of clinical practice as it actually occurs and can make a valuable contribution to understanding the multidimensional impact of LBP. Psychosocial aspects of the biopsychosocial model for outcomes research are discussed in part III: functional status/disability, psychological impairment, patient satisfaction, health related quality of life
Health risk behaviours of stroke patients in the Western Cape, South Africa
Authors: Biggs D. , Rhoda A. 
Published: June 2017

Stroke is a leading cause of death and a major cause of disability globally. Individuals with physical disabilities, including thosewho have suffered a stroke are at risk of secondary complications due to the impact of their disability, which may be exacerbated by their lifestylechoices. The aim of the present study was to determine the health riskbehaviours and factors that influence these behaviours of stroke patients inthe Metropole Region of the Western Cape, South Africa. A cross – sectionalsurvey, utilizing a self-administered questionnaire on a convenient sampleof 417 stroke patients, was used to collect data. A sub-sample of 10 parti-cipants was purposively selected for in-depth, face-to-face interviews.Approximately forty percent (40.3%) of the participants did not engage in physical exercise. While 30.2% smoked only9% abused alcohol. A significant association was found between age and smoking (p<0.002). Information gathered in the in-depth interviews revealed factors that influenced the behaviours of the participants. These factors includedlack of financial resources and lack of access to information. As participants were found to be at risk of secondarycomplications because of poor lifestyle choices, there is a clear need to implement health promotion programmes topromote well-ness enhancing behaviours in order to enhance the quality of health of patients who have suffered astroke in the Western Cape, South Africa.
The effects of isometric exercises and stretching on postural stability in Non–Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus patients with diffuse symmetrical sensory motor neuropathy
Authors: Nenkova S. , Stewart A. , Potterton J. , Becker P. 
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of isometric exercises and stretching on postural stability in Non – Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) patients with diffuse symmetrical sensory motor neuropathy. Patients were assigned to an experimental group and amatched control group. The experimental group received isometric exer-cises and stretching three times weekly for 12 weeks in addition to routine medication and dietary advice. A t the end of this period, this group wascompared with the control group, which received routine medication anddietary advice only. Measurements of muscle strength of quadriceps, ham-strings, ankle plantar and dorsiﬂexors, and Romberg’s test for postural sta-bility were carried out before and after the 12 weeks intervention. The study showed that isometric exercises and stretching for the lower extremities improved postural stability (p = 0.00)and strength of the quadriceps (p = 0.001) hamstrings (p = 0.001) dorsiﬂexors (p = 0.001) plantarﬂexors (p = 0.001)in NIDDM patients with diffuse symmetrical sensory motor neuropathy. This exercise regimen also had a loweringeffect on blood glucose level (p = 0.00). In conclusion it seems that the simple exercise intervention described in thisstudy may be of beneﬁt to these patients if incorporated into their management programmes.
Clinical effect of deep water running on non-specific low back pain: A randomised trial
Authors: Cuesta-Vargas A.I. , García-Romero J.C. , Dediego-Acosta Á.M. , González-Sánchez M. , Labajos-Manzanares M.T. 
Published: June 2017

Objectives: To evaluate clinical effect of deep water running(DW R) on non-specific low back pain. Outcome measures were pain, disability,general health and physical fitness. Materials and methods: Experimental, randomized, controlled trial involving 46 persons with CLBP over 15 weekswith two experimental processes, each three times a week. Evidence-basedProgram (EBP, personalized physical exercise program, manual therapy andhealth educa tion) was the common process to which was added 20 minutes ofpersonalized intensity DW R at the aerobic threshold. Measurements were made at the beginning and end of the studyof pain, disability, general health and physical fitness. R esults: The pain of CLBP were homogeneous at baseline.Significant changes between group were don’t found for pain in favour of the EBP+DW R group (p<0.3). The within-group differences were highly significant for all clinical and functional variables. The effect was clinically relevant forpain in the EBP+DW R group (0.70) and in the EBP group (0.58), and for disability degree it was also relevant in theEBP+DW R group (0.48) and relevant for the EBP group (0.36). Conclusion: Significant improvement was seen inCLBP when EBP was complemented with the high-intensity exercise of DW R.
Health-related quality of life of patients 12 months following surgical intensive care discharge
Authors: Karachi F. , Hanekom S. , Faure M. 
Published: June 2017

Health related quality of life (HRQoL) and the effect of selected socio-demographic and clinical intensive care variables on HRQoL of patients 12 months following adult surgical intensive care unit discharge in the Western Cape was evaluated. A prospective observational study was conducted. The sample comprised 46 patients who had survived 12 months following discharge. Structured telephonic interviews were conducted using a self-developed and SF-36v2 HRQoL questionnaire. Data was analyzed using Stastica 7 and values were accepted as significant at the 5% level. Low mean HRQoL domain scores (43% - 53%) were found implying a poor HRQoL outcome. Physical functioning [43.5%], Role Play [44.5%] and Role Emotion [43.1%] scores were specifically lower than the other HRQoL domain scores. Age and severity of illness scores (APACHE II) were significantly associated with the social functioning (p=0.01) and physical functioning (p=0.02) scores respectively. APACHE II may be a useful contributor in predicting long-term physical functioning outcomes in patients following surgical ICU discharge. The HRQoL outcomes are slightly lower than that found for inter-national ICU populations however responses in the domains affected are comparable. Low physical functioning, role play and role emotion scores indicate a need for further physical and emotional rehabilitation following surgical ICU discharge.
Microbiota das mãos de mães e de profissionais de saúde de uma maternidade de Goiânia
Authors: Palos Marinésia Aparecida Prado , Silva Dayana Vilas Boas , Gir Elucir , Canini Silvia Rita Marin da Silva , Anders Patrícia Stanciarini , Leão Lara Stefânia Netto de Oliveira , Pimenta Fabiana Cristina 
Published: June 2017

Trata-se de um estudo descritivo realizado em uma maternidade de um Hospital Universitário de Goiânia-Goiás realizado de abril a outubro de 2003, cujo objetivo foi identificar a microbiota das mãos de mães e de profissionais da área da saúde que cuidam de recém-nascidos. A população do estudo foi composta por todos os trabalhadores da área da saúde que estavam em exercício ativo, e pelas mães que estavam em atendimento no serviço; durante o período do estudo. Das mãos de 31 sujeitos (15 mães e 16 profissionais de saúde) foram isolados cocos Gram-positivos, bastonetes Gram-negativos e leveduras, sendo que os microrganismos mais frequentemente isolados foram: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus e coagulase negativo, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter sp, Hafnia alvei, Serratia sp e Arizona sp, os quais têm sido apontados na literatura como associados a surtos de infecção hospitalar em berçários e alojamento conjunto. Assim torna-se premente a elaboração de programas de educação permanente para profissionais e usuários dos serviços de saúde sobre a importância da higienização das mãos, como ferramenta para prevenir infecção e assegurar uma assistência de qualidade aos recém-nascidos.
Ngapartji Ngapartji: Finding Ethical Approaches to Research Involving Indigenous Peoples, Australian Perspectives
Authors: Hawkes Gina Louise , Pollock David , Judd Barry , Phipps Peter , Assoulin Elinor 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNational frameworks to guide universities on the ethical conduct of Indigenous research have emerged from a troubling history of ethically dubious inquiry in Australia. Although the development of such frameworks is commendable, we contend that institutionalizing them can have unintended unethical consequences. Through five personal vignettes, we share some of our research experiences where university ethics processes have resulted in neopaternalist, disrespectful, and therefore also unethical situations. These vignettes paint a picture of the challenges that arise when bureaucratic, neoliberal systems of legal accountability interact with systems of Indigenous custom, knowledge, and expectation. We argue that a greater focus on Indigenous knowledges in institutional frameworks would lead to more appropriate research behavior, better research outcomes, and fewer unethical situations.
Cultural Identity and Practices Associated with the Health and Well-Being of Indigenous Males
Authors: Adams Mick , Mataira Peter J. , Walker Shayne , Hart Michael , Drew Neil , Fleay Jesse John 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In this article, we explore the traumatic impact of social policy that has caused serious psychological damage to Indigenous males for centuries. We argue that a deeper understanding of Indigenous cultural beliefs around the world challenges and revitalizes the conceptualization of what it means to be male in traditional perspectives. We draw on contemporary responses to the trauma from significant literature, with recommendations for the improvement of health and economic policy. In providing insights into the health position of Indigenous males, we also promote scenarios of their cultural practices and obligations and the interconnection of these within the kinship system.
Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors Among Autistic Transgender or Gender-Nonconforming US College Students
Authors: Mournet Annabelle M. , Kellerman John K. , Garner Roscoe C. , Kleiman Evan M. 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceSuicide risk is a global public health crisis, with suicide ranking as a consistent leading cause of death among adults in the US. Autistic individuals and transgender or gender-nonconforming (TGNC) individuals represent populations with notably elevated rates of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs).ObjectiveTo characterize suicidal thoughts and behaviors among TGNC and autistic individuals, using a large, nationally representative sample.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis study is a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from students at colleges and universities throughout the US who participated in the American College Health Association National College Health Assessment from 2019 to 2023.ExposuresAutistic and TGNC identities were self-reported by participants.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe frequency of intersectionality of autism and TGNC identities and whether those who had intersectional marginalized identities had increased likelihood of STBs were examined. STBs were self-reported by participants. A series of moderated regression analyses were performed to examine how the interaction between autism and possessing a marginalized gender identity (ie, TGNC status) was associated with STBs.ResultsThe sample included 41 507 college students with a mean (SD) age of 23.35 (6.83) years. A total of 2410 participants (5.81%) identified as being TGNC. Overall, 326 TGNC participants (13.53%) also identified as autistic, whereas 625 of those who identified as cisgender (1.58%) also identified as autistic. Gender identity and autism were associated with greater odds of STBs. For suicidal ideation, gender identity had an odds ratio (OR) of 3.34 (95% CI, 2.99-3.73), and autism had an OR of 2.06 (95% CI, 1.76-2.42). For suicide attempts, gender identity had an OR of 2.74 (95% CI, 2.13-3.52), and autism had an OR of 2.39 (95% CI, 1.62-3.52). A significant interaction existed for attempts (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.27-0.97); nonautistic cisgender individuals had the lowest attempt rate.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cross-sectional study addresses the dearth of information on how intersectionality in gender and autism status impacts the risk of STBs, and the results confirm the elevated risk of STBs among TGNC and autistic populations. Interventions are needed to support college students with these identities.
Robust Fault Estimation and Fault‐Tolerant Control for a Class of Fuzzy Singularly Perturbed Systems With State Time Delay Based on Learning Observer
Authors: Liu Wei , Sun Chao , Huang Shengjuan , Yi Suhuan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis article studies the problem of fault estimation (FE) and dynamic output fault‐tolerant control (DOFTC) for a class of Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy singularly perturbed systems (SPSs) which subject to time delay, external disturbance and actuator fault. A new fault estimation and fault‐tolerant control scheme was proposed and designed for the influence of the change of perturbation parameter on the singularly perturbed system. This scheme adopts the Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy model, learning observer and dynamic output feedback fault‐tolerant mechanism, so that the system has multi‐time‐scale dynamic stability. The results show that this method has more accurate estimation effect, faster convergence speed, and very fast steady‐state response of fault‐tolerant control when faults occur. Furthermore, when constructing the Lyapunov function, the improved matrix was selected to ensure that the closed‐loop system is stable for all , and at the same time, the conservativeness of the results was reduced. Finally, the feasibility and correctness of the proposed design method were illustrated through two numerical examples.
Impact of Interfacial Proton Accumulation on Protonation in a Brownmillerite Oxide
Authors: Xie Lingling , Isoda Yosuke , Nakamizo Shuri , Majima Takuya , Hosokawa Saburo , Nitta Kiyofumi , Shimakawa Yuichi , Kan Daisuke 
Published: October 2024

AbstractElectrochemical protonation provides ways to control physical properties and even explore unprecedented phases of solid‐state materials. While how proton accumulation changes materials’ properties is investigated, how protonation of solids can be controlled and promoted remains an enigmatic puzzle. In the work reported here, the influence of electrochemical proton injection duration (tVg) is investigated on the protonation of SrCoO2.5 (SCO) films in electric‐field‐effect transistor structures with gate layers of the proton‐conducting electrolyte Nafion. The proton concentration accumulated in SCO films varies depending on the duration of the proton injection. When protons are injected in a relatively short tVg (≤ 600 s), the hydrogen concentration accumulated in SCO film increases with increasing tVg, reaching the maximum proton concentration of ≈1.9 per formula unit of SCO for the tVg = 600 s case. On the other hand, when tVg is longer than 900 s, the proton concentration decreases with tVg, implying the occurrence of counterreactions that extract protons from protonated SCO and oxidize the channel. These observations indicate that protons accumulated at the Nafion/SCO interface play a role in the protonation of SCO films and that suppressing the interfacial proton accumulation is the key to maximizing the proton concentration accumulated in SCO films.
Immunomodulatory Hydrogel for Electrostatically Capturing Pro‐inflammatory Factors and Chemically Scavenging Reactive Oxygen Species in Chronic Diabetic Wound Remodeling
Authors: Wang Zihao , Li Mengyu , Chen Jia , Zhang Shengmin , Wang Bin , Wang Jianglin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDiabetic wound exhibits the complex characteristics involving continuous oxidative stress and excessive expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines to cause a long‐term inflammatory microenvironment. The repair healing of chronic diabetic wounding is tremendously hindered due to persistent inflammatory reaction. To address the aforementioned issues, here, a dual‐functional hydrogel is designed, consisting of N1‐(4‐boronobenzyl)‐N3‐(4‐boronophenyl)‐N1, N1, N3, N3‐tetramethylpropane‐1, 3‐diaminium (TSPBA) modified polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and methacrylamide carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCSMA) can not only electrostatically adsorb proinflammatory cytokines of IL1‐β and TNF‐α, but can also chemically scavenge the excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) in situ. Both in vitro and in vivo evaluations verify that the negatively charged and ROS‐responsive hydrogel (NCRH) can effectively modulate the chronic inflammatory microenvironment of diabetic wounds and significantly enhance wound remodeling. More importantly, the well‐designed NCRH shows a superior skin recovery in comparison with the commercial competitor product of wound dressing. Consequently, the current work highlights the need for new strategies to expedite the healing process of diabetic wounds and offers a wound dressing material with immunomodulation.
Rhombohedral R3 Phase of Mn‐Doped Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 Epitaxial Films with Robust Ferroelectricity
Authors: Guo Jiasheng , Tao Lei , Xu Xing , Hou Lingxuan , Nan Ce‐Wen , Du Shixuan , Chen Chonglin , Ma Jing 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHfO2‐based ferroelectric materials are emerging as key components for next‐generation nanoscale devices, owing to their exceptional nanoscale properties and compatibility with established silicon‐based electronics infrastructure. Despite the considerable attention garnered by the ferroelectric orthorhombic phase, the polar rhombohedral phase has remained relatively unexplored due to the inherent challenges in its stabilization. In this study, the successful synthesis of a distinct ferroelectric rhombohedral phase is reported, i.e., the R3 phase, in Mn‐doped Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZM) epitaxial thin films, which stands different from the conventional Pca21 and R3m polar phases. These findings reveal that this R3 phase HZM film exhibits a remnant polarization of up to 47 µC cm−2 at room temperature, along with an exceptional retention capability projected to exceed a decade and an endurance surpassing 109 cycles. Moreover, it is demonstrated that by modulating the concentration of Mn dopant and the film's thickness, it is possible to selectively control the phase transition between the R3, R3m, and Pca21 polar phases. This research not only sheds new light on the ferroelectricity of the HfO2 system but also paves the way for innovative strategies to manipulate ferroelectric properties for enhanced device performance.