bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolomic-Guided Isolation of Bioactive Natural Products from Curvularia sp., an Endophytic Fungus of Terminalia laxiflora
Authors: Tawfike Ahmed , Abbott Grainne , Young Louise , Edrada-Ebel RuAngelie 
Published: August 2017

AbstractEndophytic fungi associated with medicinal plants are a potential source of novel chemistry and biology. Metabolomic tools were successfully employed to compare the metabolite fingerprints of solid and liquid culture extracts of endophyte Curvularia sp. isolated from the leaves of Terminalia laxiflora. Natural product databases were used to dereplicate metabolites in order to determine known compounds and the presence of new natural products. Multivariate analysis highlighted the putative metabolites responsible for the bioactivity of the fungal extract and its fractions on NF-κB and the myelogenous leukemia cell line K562. Metabolomic tools and dereplication studies using high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry directed the fractionation and isolation of the bioactive components from the fungal extracts. This resulted in the isolation of N-acetylphenylalanine (1) and two linear peptide congeners of 1: dipeptide N-acetylphenylalanyl-L-phenylalanine (2) and tripeptide N-acetylphenylalanyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-leucine (3).
Mechanical anisotropy in ultra-fine grained aluminium tubes processed by parallel-tubular-channel angular pressing
Authors: Javidikia Mahshad , Hashemi Ramin 
Published: August 2017

In this study, a novel approach was taken to investigate plastic anisotropy in coarse-grained (CG) and ultra-fine grained (UFG) AA 5083 aluminium tubes. For this purpose, a parallel tubular channel angular pressing process was used to produce UFG tubes and the related data were collected using uniaxial tensile testing, microhardness measurements, the optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, and these data were then analysed. Less anisotropy was found in UFG tubes than in CG tubes for AA 5083 aluminium. The corresponding textures were consistent with the trends for anisotropy in mechanical properties. This paper is part of a thematic issue on Light Alloys.
ASASSN-16eg: New candidate for a long-period WZ Sge-type dwarf nova
Authors: Wakamatsu Yasuyuki , Isogai Keisuke , Kimura Mariko , Kato Taichi , Vanmunster Tonny , Stone Geoff , Tordai Tamás , Richmond Michael , Miller Ian , Oksanen Arto , Itoh Hiroshi , Akazawa Hidehiko , Kiyota Seiichiro , de Miguel Enrique , Pavlenko Elena P. , Antonyuk Kirill A. , Antonyuk Oksana I. , Neustroev Vitaly V. , Sjoberg George , Dubovsky Pavol A. , Pickard Roger D. , Nogami Daisaku 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe report on our photometric observations of the 2016 superoutburst of ASASSN-16eg. This object showed a WZ Sge-type superoutburst with prominent early superhumps with a period of 0.075478(8) d and a post-superoutburst rebrightening. During the superoutburst plateau, it showed ordinary superhumps with a period of 0.077880(3) d and a period derivative of 10.6(1.1) × 10−5 in stage B. The orbital period (Porb), which is almost identical with the period of the early superhumps, is exceptionally long for a WZ Sge-type dwarf nova. The mass ratio (q = M2/M1) estimated from the period of developing (stage A) superhumps is 0.166(2), which is also too large for a WZ Sge-type dwarf nova. This suggests that the 2 : 1 resonance can be reached in such high-q systems, contrary to our expectation. Such conditions are considered to be achieved if the mass-transfer rate is much lower than those in typical SU UMa-type dwarf novae that have comparable orbital periods to ASASSN-16eg, and a resultant accumulation of a large amount of matter on the disk is realized at the onset of an outburst. We examined other candidates for long-period WZ Sge-type dwarf novae for their supercycles, which are considered to reflect the mass-transfer rate, and found that V1251 Cyg and RZ Leo have longer supercycles than those of other WZ Sge-type dwarf novae. This result indicates that these long-period objects including ASASSN-16eg have a low mass-transfer rate in comparison to other WZ Sge-type dwarf novae.
Highlighting a Common Quality of Care Delivery Problem: Overuse of Low-value Healthcare Services
Authors: MacLeod Stephanie , Musich Shirley , Hawkins Kevin , Schwebke Kay 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Low-value healthcare services (LVHS) are defined as procedures delivered that provide little or no clinical benefit. Overuse of LVHS, or delivery when the risks exceed the benefits, contributes to excessive spending without improved outcomes. Furthermore, overuse contributes to healthcare waste.

Purpose:
The primary purpose of this commentary is to (1) examine the problem of LVHS overuse and its impacts on quality care delivery and (2) propose factors to consider in developing quality measures to help reduce overuse and waste and thus improve patient outcomes.

Methods:
To inform and support this commentary, we conducted a limited review of the literature related to LVHS overuse, its consequences, and suggested solutions. Online search engines were used to identify research related to our primary areas of interest.

Results:
This commentary demonstrates that overuse and associated healthcare waste is growing among selected LVHS. The factors of overuse are multidimensional and poorly understood. Meanwhile, overuse of LVHS has financial consequences and impacts quality of care and outcomes.

Conclusions:
Overuse of LVHS is common in the United States, leading to waste and suboptimal patient outcomes. Thus a need exists to address overuse and develop measures to capture a larger scope of services.
Associations of Surgeon and Hospital Volumes with Outcome for Free Tissue Transfer by Using the National Taiwan Population Health Care Data from 2001 to 2012
Authors: Mahmoudi Elham , Lu Yiwen , Chang Shu-Chen , Lin Chia-Yu , Wang Yi-Chun , Chang Chee Jen , Cheng Ming-Huei , Chung Kevin C. 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Greater hospital case volumes are associated with improved outcomes for high-risk procedures. The hospital-outcome association for complex but low-mortality procedures and the association between surgeon versus hospital case volume and surgical outcomes have been less explored. The authors examined the association between surgeon and hospital volume and the success for free tissue transfer (free flap) surgery. The authors hypothesized that there would be positive associations between hospital and surgeon volume and the success of free flap surgery.

Methods:
The study design was a cross-sectional analysis of adults aged 18 to 64 years who underwent free flap surgery. The authors used 100 percent of all free flap operations between 2001 and 2012 using Taiwan’s national data that cover the entire population of 23 million in the country. The authors applied hierarchical regression modeling to analyze volume-outcome associations.

Results:
The association between hospital volume and free flap success was small but positive (OR, 1.007; 95 percent CI, 1.00 to 1.01). For surgeons, their years of experience had a positive association with success of the operation (OR, 1.04; 95 percent CI, 1.02 to 1.06) rather than their annual case volume. Compared with low-volume surgeons (<11 annual cases) working in low-volume hospitals (<95 annual cases), high-volume surgeons (>25 annual cases) working in high-volume hospitals (>156 annual cases) showed greater odds of operation success (OR, 2.97; 95 percent CI, 1.21 to 7.29).

Conclusions:
Higher volume hospitals and more experienced surgeons, regardless of their annual volume, showed better outcomes. Increasing demand for high-quality care and Taiwan’s national policies toward centralization of complex surgical procedures have increased competition among hospitals.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.
Predictors, Quality Markers, and Economics of Volunteering Internationally: Results from a Comprehensive Survey of American Society of Plastic Surgeons Members
Authors: McIntyre Joyce K. , Schoenbrunner Anna R. , Kelley Kristen D. , Gosman Amanda A. 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Plastic surgeons have a long history of international volunteer work. To date, there have been no outcome-based studies among surgeons who volunteer internationally. The purpose of this study was to describe predictors of volunteering, clinical quality markers, and economics of international volunteering among American plastic surgeons.

Methods:
A cross-sectional validated e-mail survey tool was sent to all board-certified plastic surgeons by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. The survey response rate was 15 percent (745 total individuals), of which 283 respondents traveled within the past 5 years. Analysis was performed in R. Stepwise multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine the predictors of death/complication.

Results:
Respondents reported high use of medical records, follow-up care, and host affiliation. Fewer than half of all respondents reported use of international safety surgery guidelines, and the majority of respondents reported volunteering abroad outside of their scope of practice. The majority of children younger than 5 years were not cared for by a pediatric anesthesiologist. The majority of participants reported personally spending more than $1000 on their last trip and performing surgery estimated to be worth on average $28,000 each.

Conclusions:
International surgical volunteer trips attempt to ease the global burden of surgical disease. The authors’ study reports variation in quality of care provided on these trips. Most significantly, the majority of children younger than 5 years were not cared for by a pediatric anesthesiologist, and many plastic surgeons operated outside of their scope of practice.
A Treatment Algorithm for Patients Presenting with Sagittal Craniosynostosis after the Age of 1 Year
Authors: Ruane Edward J. , Garland Catharine B. , Camison Liliana , Fenton Regina A. , Nischal Ken K. , Pollack Ian F. , Tamber Mandeep S. , Grunwaldt Lorelei J. , Losee Joseph E. , Goldstein Jesse A. 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Sagittal craniosynostosis typically presents shortly after birth, with a scaphocephalic head shape, and is addressed surgically for functional and aesthetic concerns. This study highlights the authors’ experience with a challenging patient population: those with phenotypically mild, missed, and late-developing sagittal craniosynostosis.

Methods:
A prospective cohort study was conducted for all cases of sagittal craniosynostosis presenting to the authors’ institution between July of 2013 and December of 2015. Patients older than 1 year with isolated sagittal craniosynostosis were included. All children were evaluated by craniofacial surgery, neurosurgery, and ophthalmology departments. All patients had dilated fundus examinations and visual evoked potentials.

Results:
Fifty-two patients met inclusion criteria. Only nine patients have been treated surgically (17.3 percent). Two patients underwent operative correction for obvious scaphocephaly. Four patients who presented with concerning ophthalmologic evaluations and another patient with classic intracranial hypertension–related headaches underwent cranial vault expansion. Eight patients presented with inconclusive ophthalmologic evaluations. These patients were admitted for intracranial pressure monitoring, of which two were found to have elevated levels (25 percent) and underwent operative intervention. Thirty-seven other patients presented with isolated sagittal craniosynostosis in the setting of overall normocephaly without any signs concerning for intracranial hypertension. These patients continue to undergo serial evaluation.

Conclusions:
The authors describe their treatment protocol for a large series of patients presenting with the delayed diagnosis of sagittal craniosynostosis. Based on the early experience of the authors’ center with this protocol, the risk of intracranial hypertension appears to be low in this population. The majority of patients to date have been managed nonsurgically without invasive monitoring.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Perioperative and Long-Term Smoking Behaviors in Cosmetic Surgery Patients
Authors: Van Slyke Aaron C. , Carr Michael , Knox Aaron D. C. , Genoway Krista , Carr Nicholas J. 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Many plastic surgeons advocate smoking cessation before patients undergo cosmetic surgery with extensive soft-tissue dissection. Smoking cessation rates after cosmetic surgery are unknown. The preoperative consultation may be an opportunity to promote long-term smoking cessation.

Methods:
This is a retrospective, cross-sectional cohort study. All patients over an 8-year study period who smoked before their preoperative consultation; who quit 2 weeks before surgery; and who subsequently underwent rhytidectomy, abdominoplasty, or mastopexy were included. Patients were asked to complete a Web-based survey at long-term follow-up.

Results:
Eighty-five smokers were included, and 47 patients completed the survey, for a response rate of 55.3 percent. Average follow-up was 63.3 months. Five respondents were social smokers and thus excluded. Of the 42 daily smokers, 17 patients (40.5 percent) were no longer smoking cigarettes on a daily basis at long-term follow-up. Of these 17 patients, 10 (23.8 percent) had not smoked since their operation. A total of 24 patients (57.1 percent) had reduced their cigarette consumption by any amount, and 70.8 percent (17 of 24) of these patients agreed that discussing adverse surgical outcomes related to smoking influenced their ability to quit/reduce. Twenty-one of 42 patients (50.0 percent) admitted that they were not compliant with the preoperative smoking cessation instructions.

Conclusions:
This is the first report to investigate long-term smoking cessation from a cosmetic surgery practice. The authors have shown a positive association between smoking cessation and cosmetic surgery. Requesting a period of cessation before cosmetic surgery may promote long-lasting smoking cessation.
Anatomical and Clinical Implications of the Deep and Superficial Fat Compartments of the Neck
Authors: Gassman Andrew A. , Pezeshk Ronnie , Scheuer Jack F. , Sieber David A. , Campbell Carrie F. , Rohrich Rod J. 
Published: August 2017

Summary:
Anatomical study has proven vital to the understanding and improvement of rejuvenation techniques of the face and neck. The microscopic septa responsible for individual facial fat compartments are also present in the neck. The authors’ anatomical studies of the neck, including supraplatysmal and subplatysmal elements, have influenced their surgical and nonsurgical techniques. Careful muscular resuspension and modification of both deep and superficial fat compartments can lead to impressive and lasting aesthetic outcomes. The authors present their algorithm and approach to both surgical and noninvasive methods for aesthetic neck contouring. The discussion contained here is augmented by video footage of injected, fresh cadaver dissection that highlights the anatomical relationships of neck fat compartments discussed in this article.
Facial Assessment and Injection Guide for Botulinum Toxin and Injectable Hyaluronic Acid Fillers: Focus on the Lower Face
Authors: de Maio Maurício , Wu Woffles T. L. , Goodman Greg J. , Monheit Gary 
Published: August 2017

Summary:
This third article of a three-part series addresses techniques and recommendations for aesthetic treatment of the lower face. The lower face is considered an advanced area for facial aesthetic treatment. In this region, soft-tissue fillers play a more important role than neuromodulators and should be used first to provide structure and support before neuromodulators are considered for treatment of dynamic lines. Treatment of the lip, perioral region, and chin, in addition to maintaining balance of the lower face with the face overall, is challenging. Procedures on the lip should avoid overcorrection while respecting the projection of the lips on the profile view and the ratio of lip size to chin. The chin is often neglected, but reshaping the jawline can provide dramatic improvement in facial aesthetics. Both profile and anterior views are critical in assessment and treatment of the lower face. Finally, rejuvenation of the neck region requires fillers for structural support of the chin and jawline and neuromodulators for treatment of the masseter and platysma.
Chronic Kidney Disease Exacerbates Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury: Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Apoptosis
Authors: Guo Junjie , Zhu Jianbing , Ma Leilei , Shi Hongtao , Hu Jiachang , Zhang Shuning , Hou Lei , Xu Fengqiang , An Yi , Yu Haichu , Ge Junbo 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTChronic kidney disease (CKD) is known to exacerbate myocardial ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury. However, the underlying mechanisms are still not well understood. Despite various strategies for cardioprotection, limited studies have been focused on the prevention of CKD-induced myocardial susceptibility to IR injury. Here, we hypothesized that excessive endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis involved in myocardial IR injury in CKD mice and pretreatment with chemical ER chaperone rendered the heart resistant to myocardial IR injury in the setting of CKD. CKD was induced by 5/6 subtotal nephrectomy (SN) in mice, whereas sham-operated mice served as control (Sham). CKD significantly aggravated the cardiac injury after IR in SN group than Sham group as reflected by more severe cardiac dysfunction, increased myocardial infarct size and the ratio of myocardial apoptosis. The expression of ER stress-mediated apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), caspase-12) was markedly upregulated after IR injury in SN group than Sham group, whereas the expression of anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2, was obviously downregulated. In addition, the chemical ER chaperone sodium 4-phenylbutyrate (4PBA) pretreatment ameliorated cardiac dysfunction and lessened the infarct size and myocardial apoptosis after IR injury in mice with CKD. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that excessive activation of ER stress-mediated apoptosis pathway involved in the CKD-induced myocardial susceptibility to IR injury, and chemical ER chaperone 4PBA alleviated myocardial IR injury in mice with CKD.
Pulmonary Mechanics and Mortality in Mechanically Ventilated Patients Without Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Cohort Study
Authors: Fuller Brian M. , Page David , Stephens Robert J. , Roberts Brian W. , Drewry Anne M. , Ablordeppey Enyo , Mohr Nicholas M. , Kollef Marin H. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Background:
Driving pressure has been proposed as a major determinant of outcome in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), but there is little data examining the association between pulmonary mechanics, including driving pressure, and outcomes in mechanically ventilated patients without ARDS.

Methods:
Secondary analysis from 1,705 mechanically ventilated patients enrolled in a clinical study that examined outcomes associated with the use of early lung-protective mechanical ventilation. The primary outcome was mortality and the secondary outcome was the incidence of ARDS. Multivariable models were constructed to: define the association between pulmonary mechanics (driving pressure, plateau pressure, and compliance) and mortality; and evaluate if driving pressure contributed information beyond that provided by other pulmonary mechanics.

Results:
The mortality rate for the entire cohort was 26.0%. Compared with survivors, non-survivors had significantly higher driving pressure [15.9 (5.4) vs. 14.9 (4.4), P = 0.005] and plateau pressure [21.4 (5.7) vs. 20.4 (4.6), P = 0.001]. Driving pressure was independently associated with mortality [adjusted OR, 1.04 (1.01–1.07)]. Models related to plateau pressure also revealed an independent association with mortality, with similar effect size and interval estimates as driving pressure. There were 152 patients who progressed to ARDS (8.9%). Along with driving pressure and plateau pressure, mechanical power [adjusted OR, 1.03 (1.00–1.06)] was also independently associated with ARDS development.

Conclusions:
In mechanically ventilated patients, driving pressure and plateau pressure are risk factors for mortality and ARDS, and provide similar information. Mechanical power is also a risk factor for ARDS.
Hierarchical recruitment of competition alleviates working memory overload in a fronto-parietal model
Authors: Standage Dominic , Paré Martin , Blohm Gunnar 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe storage limitations of visual working memory have been the subject of intense research interest for several decades, but few studies have systematically investigated the dependence of these limitations on memory load that exceeds our retention abilities. Under this real-world scenario, performance typically declines beyond a critical load among low-performing subjects, a phenomenon known as working memory overload. We used a fronto-parietal cortical model to test the hypothesis that high-performing subjects select a manageable number of items for storage, thereby avoiding overload. The model accounts for behavioural and electrophysiological data from high-performing subjects in a parameter regime where competitive encoding in its prefrontal network selects items for storage, inter-areal projections sustain their representations after stimulus offset, and weak dynamics in its parietal network limit their mutual interference. Violation of these principles accounts for these data among low-performing subjects, implying that poor visual working memory performance reflects poor control over fronto-parietal circuitry, and making testable predictions for experiments.
Does the Temporal Resolution of Precipitation Input Influence the Simulated Hydrological Components Employing the SWAT Model?
Authors: Bauwe Andreas , Tiedemann Sara , Kahle Petra , Lennartz Bernd 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the influence of sub‐daily precipitation time steps on model performance and hydrological components by applying the Green and Ampt infiltration method using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Precipitation was measured at a resolution of 0.1 mm and aggregated to 5‐, 15‐, 30‐, and 60‐min time steps. Daily discharge data over a 10‐year period were used to calibrate and validate the model. Following a global sensitivity analysis, relevant parameters were optimized through an automatic calibration procedure using SWAT‐CUP for each time step. Daily performance statistics were almost equal among all four time steps (NSE ≈ 0.47). Discharge mainly consisted of groundwater flow (55%) and tile flow (42%), in reasonable proportions for the investigated catchment. In conclusion, model outputs were almost identical, showing simulations responded nearly independently of the chosen precipitation time step. This held true for (1) the selection of sensitive parameters, (2) performance statistics, (3) the shape of the hydrographs, and (4) flow components. However, a scenario analysis revealed that the precipitation time step becomes important when saturated hydraulic conductivities are low and curve numbers are high. The study suggests that there is no need in using precipitation time steps <1 h for lowland catchments dominated by soils with a low surface runoff potential if daily flow values are being considered. Editor's note: This paper is part of the featured series on SWAT Applications for Emerging Hydrologic and Water Quality Challenges. See the February 2017 issue for the introduction and background to the series.