bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of non‐Newtonian polymer film flow on a rotating spoked annulus
Authors: Miah Md Salim , Hossain Mohammad Sayeed , Ashraf Muhammad Arif , Al‐Assaf Saphwan , McMillan Alison 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThe current study presents results from a series of numerical analyses of non‐Newtonian liquid film formation on a rotating spoked annulus. The film flow of a common type of polyester, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), on a vertically rotating disk was modeled numerically. Two different molecular weights, corresponding to different viscosities for PET, and under flow at different rotating speeds, were considered. The film thickness profile was obtained at different radial and angular positions of the rotating disk in the simulations, which is beneficial in calculating the volume of polymer taken up by the rotating disk and also in calculating the volumetric flow rates on the disk. Two types of disks, including a standard solid disk and a number of hollow disk designs with spoked annuli, were considered, and the film flow was modeled using a volume of fluid computational fluid dynamics analysis. The analyses of flow over spoked annulus designs highlighted the advantage of such designs over the use of a conventional solid disk. It was found that the variation in the film thickness for the spoked annulus was lower than that for the conventional solid disk. The parametric study also provided a favorable spoked annulus design for which the film thickness was essentially constant. A constant film thickness would provide a constant film flow, which can be a benefit to many industrial applications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44943.
Green and efficient synthesis of an adsorbent fiber by preirradiation‐induced grafting of PDMAEMA and its Au(III) adsorption and reduction performance
Authors: Liu Xiyan , Ao Junxuan , Yang Xiaojuan , Ling Changjian , Zhang Bowu , Wang Ziqiang , Yu Ming , Shen Rongfang , Ma Hongjuan , Li Jingye 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTN,N‐Dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) is covalently bonded on a commercial polyethylene‐coated polypropylene skin‐core structure fiber (PE/PP) in aqueous and MeOH/H2O solutions by a one‐step green reaction using radiation‐induced graft polymerization. The effects of the absorbed dose and solvent system on grafting yield are investigated, while the chemical and physical properties of the functionalized fiber are also evaluated. The fiber with a Dg of 51.6% exhibited good adsorption capacity of Au(III) ions over a large range of concentrations (from 10 to 2.5 g L−1) in both batch and flow‐through adsorption tests. The highest capacity of Au was 949.3 mg g−1. After elution, the adsorbents can be reused without any further regeneration for at least five adsorption‐desorption cycles. Additionally, the fibers show high selectivity for Au(III). The distribution coefficient of Au(III) is 104 to 105 times higher than that for Cu(II), Fe(III), Ni(II), and Pb(II) even at 100 times lower Au(III) concentration compared to the co‐existing metal ion concentration. This study provides an effective and novel approach for gold recovery from aqueous solutions. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44955.
The effects of e‐beam crosslinking of LDPE on the permeation of hydrocarbons
Authors: Berger Katrin , Keimel Christian , Helfer Eric , Haar Bernd , Mattausch Hannelore , Riess Gisbert , Kern Wolfgang 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTPolyethylene is a useful material in numerous applications, such as packaging, fuel tanks as well as oil and gas pipes. However, it must be considered that polyethylene is permeable to gases and liquids. Small molecules, such as hydrocarbons, may permeate through the material and cause environmental problems. Consequently, a particular aspect of polymer materials is the requirement of a high permeation resistance against low‐molecular‐weight hydrocarbons. Modifications of the commonly used polyethylene material are necessary to achieve adjusted permeation properties. In this contribution, the effect of electron‐beam crosslinking of polyethylene on the resulting permeation characteristics was investigated. Polyethylene sheets were processed and crosslinked by irradiation with high energy electrons. The formation of a network structure was characterized by gel content determination and by rheological measurements. The permeation properties of the polymer sheets were assessed by a gravimetric method. It is demonstrated that—as a result of the crosslinking process—the permeation of low molecular weight hydrocarbon through polyethylene is reduced with respect to the chain length of the aliphatic substances. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44968.
Biocompatible surface modification of poly(ethylene terephthalate) focused on pathogenic bacteria: Promising prospects in biomedical applications
Authors: Swar Sumita , Zajícová Veronika , Rysová Miroslava , Lovětinská‐Šlamborová Irena , Voleský Lukáš , Stibor Ivan 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTPoly(ethylene terephthalate)—PET, is one of the most common polyesters, widely used in biomedical applications ranging from catheters to stents, vascular grafts, heart valves, sutures, and scaffolds. PET surface modification is necessary to impart desired properties for biomedical applications, making the polymer biocompatible, noncytotoxic and antibacterial that can preferably resist biofilm formation caused by pathogenic bacteria. A novel approach to anticorrosive wet chemical surface modification of PET by insertion of alkyl and hydroxyl groups was achieved by using Grignard reagents and confirmed by several different characterization methods including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), water contact angle (WCA) measurement, free surface energy (FSE) measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). High antibacterial efficiency against four different types of biofilm active, pathogenic bacterial strains namely: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was established on the modified PET surface. Biocompatibility higher than 84% of the modified samples has been proved. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44990.
A high‐barrier PP/EVOH membrane prepared through the multistage biaxial‐stretching extrusion
Authors: Li Ting , Dai Yingying , Li Jiang , Guo Shaoyun , Xie Guangyou 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThe polypropylene (PP)/ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) membranes were prepared by a novel extrusion die with an assembly of laminating‐multiplying elements (LMEs). A biaxial‐stretching occurred when polymer melts flowing through a LME. The morphology development of PP/EVOH blends and its effect on gas‐barrier property, solvent‐absorption property and mechanical properties were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), polarized optical microscope (POM), gas‐permeability test, immersion experiment, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and tensile test. With the introduction of LME and the increasing of its number, morphology of EVOH phase in PP matrix gradually changed from zero‐dimension spherical particles to one‐dimension fibers, and then to two‐dimension sheets. As a result, the nitrogen permeability coefficient decreased nearly by two orders of magnitude and the permeability coefficient of toluene‐PP/EVOH system declined by almost four times. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45016.
Morphology and Ultrastructure of the Amazon River Dolphin (Inia geoffrensis) Spermatozoa
Authors: Amaral Rodrigo S. , Da Silva Vera M. F. , Valdez Domingos Fabíola X. , Martin Anthony R. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThe spermatozoa from seven adult Amazon river dolphins (Inia geoffrensis, CETACEA: INIIDAE) were analyzed by light and electron microscopy. The spermatozoa showed an elongated ellipsoid shaped head and a long tail with a well distinguishable midpiece. The head spermatozoa have a smooth surface like other odontocetes examined, with the exception of the Delphinidae family. The mean dimensions of the spermatozoa were within the range already reported for other cetaceans. The spermatozoa midpiece, as in other cetaceans, showed a random pattern of mitochondria, different from that described for other mammals. Further studies of sperm morphology of a wider spectrum of cetacean families could help to better understand the reproductive biology of these animals and the intergeneric and intrageneric relationships among them, as well as, among other mammals. Anat Rec, 300:1519–1523, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Metabolic Syndrome, Its Components, and Knee Osteoarthritis: The Framingham Osteoarthritis Study
Authors: Niu Jingbo , Clancy Margaret , Aliabadi Piran , Vasan Ramachandran , Felson David T. 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivePrevious studies have suggested that metabolic syndrome is associated with osteoarthritis (OA). However, analyses have often not included adjustment for body mass index (BMI) and have not addressed whether levels of individual metabolic syndrome components are related to OA. This study was undertaken to examine the relationship of metabolic syndrome and its components with radiographic and symptomatic knee OA.MethodsFramingham Study subjects were assessed for OA in 1992–1995 and again in 2002–2005. Near the baseline visit, subjects had components of metabolic syndrome assessed. We defined incident radiographic OA as present when a knee without radiographic OA at baseline had a Kellgren/Lawrence grade of ≥2 at follow‐up, and defined incident symptomatic OA as present when a knee developed the new combination of radiographic OA and knee pain. After excluding knees with prevalent OA at baseline, we tested the relationship of metabolic syndrome according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria and its components with the risk of incident radiographic OA and symptomatic OA before and after adjusting for BMI using the risk ratio from a binary regression with generalized estimating equations.ResultsA total of 991 subjects (55.1% women) with a mean age of 54.2 years were studied, and 26.7% of men and 22.9% of women had metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome and many of its components were associated with both incident radiographic OA and symptomatic OA, but after adjustment for BMI, almost all of these associations became weak and nonsignificant. An association of high blood pressure, especially diastolic pressure, with OA outcomes persisted in both men and women.ConclusionAfter adjustment for BMI, neither metabolic syndrome nor its components were associated with incident OA. There may be an association between OA and high blood pressure that needs further study.
Development of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to predict the effects of flavin‐containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) polymorphisms on itopride exposure
Authors: Zhou Wangda , Humphries Helen , Neuhoff Sibylle , Gardner Iain , Masson Eric , Al‐Huniti Nidal , Zhou Diansong 
Published: March 2017

AbstractItopride, a substrate of FMO3, has been used for the symptomatic treatment of various gastrointestinal disorders. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling was applied to evaluate the impact of FMO3 polymorphism on itopride pharmacokinetics (PK). The Asian populations within the Simcyp simulator were updated to incorporate information on the frequency, activity and abundance of FMO3 enzyme with different phenotypes. A meta‐analysis of relative enzyme activities suggested that FMO3 activity in subjects with homozygous Glu158Lys and Glu308Gly mutations (Lys158 and Gly308) in both alleles is ~47% lower than those carrying two wild‐type FMO3 alleles. Individuals with homozygous Lys158 and Gly308 mutations account for about 5% of the total population in Asian populations. A CLint of 9 μl/min/pmol was optimised for itopride via a retrograde approach as human liver microsomal results would under‐predict its clearance by ~7.9‐fold. The developed itopride PBPK model was first verified with three additional clinical studies in Korean and Japanese subjects resulting in a predicted clearance of 52 to 69 l/h, which was comparable to those observed (55 to 88 l/h). The model was then applied to predict plasma concentration–time profiles of itopride in Chinese subjects with wild type or homozygous Lys158 and Gly308 FMO3 genotypes. The ratios of predicted to observed AUC of itopride in subjects with each genotype were 1.23 and 0.94, respectively. In addition, the results also suggested that for FMO3 metabolised drugs with a safety margin of 2 or more, proactive genotyping FMO3 to exclude subjects with homozygous Lys158/Gly308 alleles may not be necessary.
Expression, subcellular localisation, and possible roles of dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DPP9) in murine macrophages
Authors: Zapletal Emilija , Cupic Barbara , Gabrilovac Jelka 
Published: March 2017

Dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DPP9) is a peptidase of the DPPIV gene family, and its role in immune responses has been reported. In this study, we compared the messenger RNA expression profile of DPP9 to that of the related DPP8 and DPPIV in murine haematopoietic and lymphatic tissues. A similar order of expression levels was observed for all 3 peptidases: peritoneal macrophages < bone marrow < spleen ≤ lymph nodes. Also, we examined the subcellular localisation of DPP9 and its possible role(s) in J774 cell line of macrophage origin. DPP9 was dominantly expressed intracellularly. DPPIV‐like enzymatic activity was mostly present in cytoplasm, but also in cell membranes and organelles/vesicles. Decreased expression of DPP9 was observed upon activation of J774 cells by combined treatment with interferon gamma and lipopolysaccharide. Changes induced by DPP9 gene silencing in J774 cells suggest possible role of DPP9 in regulation of proliferation and activation status. The colocalisation of DPP9 with endocytosed DQ‐OVA demonstrated in endosomes of J774 cells might suggest the role of DPP9 in peptide processing within endosomal/vesicular compartment.
Conformational Behaviour of Azasugars Based on Mannuronic Acid
Authors: van Rijssel Erwin R. , Janssen Antonius P. A. , Males Alexandra , Davies Gideon J. , van der Marel Gijsbert A. , Overkleeft Herman S. , Codée Jeroen D. C. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA set of mannuronic‐acid‐based iminosugars, consisting of the C‐5‐carboxylic acid, methyl ester and amide analogues of 1deoxymannorjirimicin (DMJ), was synthesised and their pH‐dependent conformational behaviour was studied. Under acidic conditions the methyl ester and the carboxylic acid adopted an “inverted” 1C4 chair conformation as opposed to the “normal” 4C1 chair at basic pH. This conformational change is explained in terms of the stereoelectronic effects of the ring substituents and it parallels the behaviour of the mannuronic acid ester oxocarbenium ion. Because of this solution‐phase behaviour, the mannuronic acid ester azasugar was examined as an inhibitor for a Caulobacter GH47 mannosidase that hydrolyses its substrates by way of a reaction itinerary that proceeds through a 3H4 transition state. No binding was observed for the mannuronic acid ester azasugar, but sub‐atomic resolution data were obtained for the DMJ⋅CkGH47 complex, showing two conformations—3S1 and 1C4—for the DMJ inhibitor.
Highly Electron‐Rich β‐Diketiminato Systems: Synthesis and Coordination Chemistry of Amino‐Functionalized “N‐nacnac” Ligands
Authors: Do Dinh Cao Huan , Keyser Ailsa , Protchenko Andrey V. , Maitland Brant , Pernik Indrek , Niu Haoyu , Kolychev Eugene L. , Rit Arnab , Vidovic Dragoslav , Stasch Andreas , Jones Cameron , Aldridge Simon 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe synthesis of a class of electron‐rich amino‐functionalized β‐diketiminato (N‐nacnac) ligands is reported, with two synthetic methodologies having been developed for systems bearing backbone NMe2 or NEt2 groups and a range of N‐bound aryl substituents. In contrast to their (Nacnac)H counterparts, the structures of the protio‐ligands feature the bis(imine) tautomer and a backbone CH2 group. Direct metalation with lithium, magnesium, or aluminium alkyls allows access to the respective metal complexes through deprotonation of the methylene function; in each case X‐ray structures are consistent with a delocalized imino‐amide ligand description. Transmetalation using lithium N‐nacnac complexes is then exploited to access p‐ and f‐block metal complexes, which allow for like‐for‐like benchmarking of the N‐nacnac ligand family against their more familiar Nacnac counterparts. In the case of SnII, the degree of electronic perturbation effected by introduction of the backbone NR2 groups appears to be constrained by the inability of the amino group to achieve effective conjugation with the N2C3 heterocycle. More obvious divergence from established structural norms is observed for complexes of the harder YbII ion, with azaallyl/imino and even azaallyl/NMe2 coordination modes being demonstrated by X‐ray crystallography.
Levodopa response differs in Parkinson's motor subtypes: A task‐based effective connectivity study
Authors: Mohl Brianne , Berman Brian D. , Shelton Erika , Tanabe Jody 
Published: March 2017

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a circuit‐level disorder with clinically‐determined motor subtypes. Despite evidence suggesting each subtype may have different pathophysiology, few neuroimaging studies have examined levodopa‐induced differences in neural activation between tremor dominant (TD) and postural instability/gait difficulty (PIGD) subtype patients during a motor task. The goal of this functional MRI (fMRI) study was to examine task‐induced activation and connectivity in the cortico‐striatal‐thalamo‐cortical motor circuit in healthy controls, TD patients, and PIGD patients before and after levodopa administration. Fourteen TD and 12 PIGD cognitively‐intact patients and 21 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls completed a right‐hand, paced tapping fMRI paradigm. Collectively, PD patients off medication (OFF) showed hypoactivation of the motor cortex relative to healthy controls, even when controlling for performance. After levodopa intake, the PIGD patients had significantly increased activation in the left putamen compared with TD patients and healthy controls. Psychophysiological interaction analysis revealed that levodopa increased effective connectivity between the posterior putamen and other areas of the motor circuit during tapping in TD patients, but not in PIGD patients. This novel, levodopa‐induced difference in the neural responses between PD motor subtypes may have significant implications for elucidating the mechanisms underlying the distinct phenotypic manifestations and enabling the classification of motor subtypes objectively using fMRI.
A Functional MicroRNA Screening Method for Organ Morphogenesis
Authors: Rebustini Ivan T. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe increasing repertoire of microRNAs expressed during organ development and their role in regulating organ morphogenesis provide a compelling need to develop methods to assess microRNA function using various in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Methods to assess microRNA function during organ morphogenesis include transfection of microRNA inhibitors (antagomirs) and activators (mimics) into mouse embryonic explanted organs using liposomes, which can potentially result in low efficiency of transfection and off‐target effects. We devised a method to assess microRNA function in explanted organs by transfecting antagomirs and mimics using peptide‐based nanoparticles, increasing functional microRNA targeting efficiency, and decreasing off‐target effects. Our method can be applied to a variety of embryonic organs that can be explanted and provides an alternative to efficiently and functionally prioritize microRNAs during organ morphogenesis for further in vivo genetic approaches. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Optimizing thin client caches for mobile cloud computing:
Authors: Badawy Abdel‐Hameed A. , Yessin Gabriel , Narayana Vikram , Mayhew David , El‐Ghazawi Tarek 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThe emergence and rapid spread of interest and use of cloud computing as an accessible and expandable, as needed, computing facility on the go, has a very deep affinity to the proliferation of intelligent mobile devices including smartphones and tablets. Together, these technologies have the potential of not leaving anybody behind when it comes to computing applications whether small and personal or large and organizational, and regardless of geographic boundaries and economical conditions. However, many technical challenges still exist that are still delaying the realization of this dream with the responsiveness and quality needed from the user perspective. In this paper, we examine user requirements for access to the cloud through thin clients, handheld and mobile devices. In light of these requirements we characterize some of the needed research developments particularly in the area of device architecture. We present our work in exploring the cache design space for embedded processors using evolutionary techniques for mobile and thin client processors. We present a heuristic, evolutionary approach (genetic algorithm) to exploration that significantly cuts down on the time and resources, obtaining a near optimal design. We demonstrate the real‐world utility of our tool‐chain—“CERE” (pronounced SIRI) short for (CachE Recommendation Engine)—by rapidly and efficiently designing a cache hierarchy, which maximizes the performance of a web browser navigating to a set of popular websites running on a single ARM core. The goal is to improve the users' experience using web browsers. “CERE” made the right choices, and we were able to observe a 17.1% speedup going from the “best” hierarchy relative to the “worst” hierarchy. We will detail potential future directions as well.
In Situ and in Operando Characterization of Mixing Dynamics in Liquid‐Phase Reactions by 129Xe NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Zaheer Muhammad A. , Zill Jeremias C. , Matysik Jörg , Gläser Roger , Dvoyashkin Muslim 
Published: March 2017

Abstract129Xe NMR spectroscopy is applied under in situ and in operando conditions to study the mixing process in a multicomponent liquid mixture with partially miscible components. The process of mixing of an oil–methanol mixture was triggered by an industrially relevant catalytic transesterification reaction to form fatty acid methyl esters and glycerol. Up to date, kinetic limitations in liquid‐phase reactions originating from the poor miscibility of the reacting species have been addressed solely under ex situ conditions, typically by chromatography. In the approach presented here, xenon gas, solvated in the reacting species, acts as a sensor, providing information on the progress of mixing and on the composition during the course of the catalytic reaction. We believe that this study offers a new tool to the set of established techniques for addressing mixing and/or separation processes in liquids, including but not limited to the ones resulting from catalytic reactions.
Genotyping‐by‐Sequencing
Authors: Wallace Jason G. , Mitchell Sharon E. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractGenotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) refers to a suite of related methods that obtain genotype data from samples by using restriction enzyme digestion followed by high‐throughput sequencing. GBS is a refinement of restriction site–associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) methods, with a goal of being able to perform library preparations quickly, cost‐effectively, and in a high‐throughput manner. This protocol contains the steps necessary to go from purified DNA to Illumina‐ready libraries. It also covers the considerations that go into planning a GBS experiment. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.