bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tribes or Nomads: A Comparative Study of Collaborative Learning Frameworks
Authors: Griffith Lauren Miller , Griffith Cameron S. , Peden J. Hunter 
Published: June 2017

This paper explores the relative value of "permanent" working groups versus "ad hoc" groups in large introductory level anthropology courses. The aim is to manage tutor workload while simultaneously enhancing students’ attainment of the learning objectives. In addition, a main learning objective was for students to practice critical thinking and develop an understanding of cultural relativism. We argue that one effective experiential approach to teaching such concepts is collaborative learning with others in diverse learning groups. We explore the factors enhancing such learning experiences. Based on our survey research we conclude that ad hoc groups are better for exposing students to diverse perspectives and permanent working groups are better for fostering an intimate learning experience within a large class. Although our original goals for using groups were mainly pragmatic, our research on teaching methods shows that it exposes students to diverse perspectives. We find this particularly appropriate for courses in anthropology aiming to teach the meaning of diversity and other related concepts. Therefore, we recommend that tutors/instructors choose their collaborative learning strategy based both on their intended learning outcomes and their learning environments.
Modernização da Matemática nas Escolas de Vitória da Conquista: a trajetória e a contribuição dos professores de matemática
Authors: Santana Irani Parolin 
Published: June 2017

O presente trabalho busca descrever e analisar o processo de modernização do ensino da Matemática em Vitória da Conquista e Tanquinho, municípios localizados no estado da Bahia. O recorte temporal refere-se ao período compreendido entre os anos 1960 e 1970, momento em que aconteceu, de maneira efetiva, esse movimento de modernização da Matemática, que
contou com diferentes atores (professores, instituições, cientistas, entre outros), e que, notadamente, apresentou características diferentes dos movimentos de mudança na educação em geral ocorridos até então. Este movimento, em determinado momento, se constituiu em uma rede, por intermédio das ações de seus sujeitos, da circulação de ideias e tradução de
interesses. Intencionou-se investigar como os processos de institucionalização, profissionalização e modernização chegaram ao interior do estado da Bahia; de que maneira a modernização da Matemática chegou às escolas de Vitória da Conquista e de Tanquinho; como os professores se apropriaram dos conteúdos sugeridos pela modernização do ensino da Matemática na realização da pesquisa. As fontes documentais primárias - diários de classe, cadernos, atas, enfim, fontes escritas - foram priorizadas, como também as fontes orais - obtidas em entrevistas com professores que participaram do processo de modernização do ensino de Matemática. Após o levantamento da documentação das escolas, o trabalho restringiu-se a quatro escolas que estavam ativas naquele período. Dessa forma, foi possível a identificação de alguns conteúdos relacionados ao movimento de modernização do ensino da Matemática, para, posteriormente, buscar contato com professores identificados na documentação das escolas. Assim, com a análise dos documentos orais e escritos, encontraram-se indícios de como o processo de institucionalização, profissionalização e
modernização do ensino de Matemática se desenvolveu e chegou às escolas, dentro do processo da rede de atores no contexto do estado Bahia.
Cystoscopic diagnosis of polypoid cystitis in two pet rabbits
Authors: Di Girolamo Nicola , Bongiovanni Laura , Ferro Silvia , Melidone Raffaele , Nicoletti Annalisa , Duca Valeria Del , Donnelly Thomas M. , Selleri Paolo 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION AS-year-old male Dwarf rabbit and 4-year-old female Mini-Rex rabbit were evaluated because of anorexia and urine scalding of the perineum.
CLINICAL FINDINGS Abdominal radiography revealed a diffuse increase in the opacity of the urinary bladder attributable to urinary sludge. In 1 rabbit, abdominal ultrasonography revealed several mass-like lesions protruding from the mucosal surface into the lumen of the urinary bladder. Rabbits were anesthetized, and cystoscopy was performed with a rigid 2.7-mm, 30° endoscope. Histologic analysis of tissue samples obtained through the cystoscope operating channel revealed findings consistent with polypoid cystitis.
TREATMENT AND OUTCOME To remove the urinary sludge from each rabbit, the urinary bladder was filled with sterile saline (0.9% NaCl) solution and emptied with a gentle massage several times until the ejected fluid was transparent. Rabbits were treated with NSAIDs, antimicrobials (chosen following microbial culture of urine and antimicrobial susceptibility testing), bathing of the perineum, and a low-calcium diet. The male rabbit died of unrelated causes 18 months later; postmortem examination findings confirmed the polypoid cystitis. The female rabbit remained disease free through to last follow-up (12 months after initial evaluation).
CLINICAL RELEVANCE This was the first report of polypoid cystitis in pet rabbits. Although ultrasonographic findings supported this diagnosis, a definitive diagnosis was achieved through cystoscopy and lesion biopsy. Treatments administered were intended to reduce the potential sources of irritation. Research is needed to investigate the effectiveness of the applied interventions and the association between excessive urinary calcium excretion and polyploid cystitis in rabbits.
The Physiological Basis of Cervical Facet-Mediated Persistent Pain: Basic Science and Clinical Challenges
Authors: Ita Meagan E. , Zhang Sijia , Holsgrove Timothy P. , Kartha Sonia , Winkelstein Beth A. 
Published: June 2017

Synopsis Chronic neck pain is a common condition and a primary clinical symptom of whiplash and other spinal injuries. Loading-induced neck injuries produce abnormal kinematics between the vertebrae, with the potential to injure facet joints and the afferent fibers that innervate the specific joint tissues, including the capsular ligament. Mechanoreceptive and nociceptive afferents that innervate the facet have their peripheral terminals in the capsule, cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglia, and terminal processes in the spinal cord. As such, biomechanical loading of these afferents can initiate nociceptive signaling in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Their activation depends on the local mechanical environment of the joint and encodes the neural processes that initiate pain and lead to its persistence. This commentary reviews the complex anatomical, biomechanical, and physiological consequences of facet-mediated whiplash injury and pain. The clinical presentation of facet-mediated pain is complex in its sensory and emotional components. Yet, human studies are limited in their ability to elucidate the physiological mechanisms by which abnormal facet loading leads to pain. Over the past decade, however, in vivo models of cervical facet injury that reproduce clinical pain symptoms have been developed and used to define the complicated and multifaceted electrophysiological, inflammatory, and nociceptive signaling cascades that are involved in the pathophysiology of whiplash facet pain. Integrating the whiplash-like mechanics in vivo and in vitro allows transmission of pathophysiological mechanisms across scales, with the hope of informing clinical management. Yet, despite these advances, many challenges remain. This commentary further describes and highlights such challenges. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017;47(7):450–461. Epub 16 Jun 2017. doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.7255
Entertaining Democracy in the Era of Neo-Liberalism
Authors: Curran James 
Published: June 2017

James Curran’s article “Entertaining democracy in the Era of Neo-liberalism” is an essay written from the 13th SBPJor Conference Meeting in Campo Grande in 2015; a conference in which he was the opening speaker. The article was approved for publication in the BJR at the end of 2015, but we have decided to publish it in a special edition of Journalism and Democracy as it deals precisely with this issue. Curran begins the article by questioning the current state of democracy as it pertains to the decline of the nation state and the emergence of transnational institutions of deliberation which he calls “multilevel governance” but “is not matched by the development of a multilevel sense of citizenship”. As almost a prelude to the Brexit, Curran draws attention to the fact that the English do not consider themselves European despite being a part of the European Union. He tied this nationalist ideal not only to the British, but to other country populations in general. In a world dominated by transnational corporations and the presence and constancy of national media “supporting a national identity” he predicted that “Attempts at new institutional building are out of step with media development”. His analysis highlights several problems that are weakening modern democracy like “the increasing centralization of power by political leaders” and the “increasingly unrepresentative nature of the political class rendering them in some countries almost a ‘separate caste’”. Reading Curran’s text allows us to reflect on the situation in Brazil. At first, it is pessimistic and places meanings that we have lobbied for outside of our borders: “Governments are less able to govern; political power is becoming more centralized; and the unelected influence of big business is becoming greater”. The media also has a hand in contributing towards a “growing sense of disconnection from politics”, making reference to politics as a linear universe dominated by the elite. After further analysis of the contrasting possibilities that the Internet brings as well as its role in constructing news in public systems, Curran offers a slightly more positive outlook: “liberal democracy is in disrepair, and the media are implicated in its malaise. The rise of the internet offers some relief, as does an enduring political experiment – public service broadcasting.” Once more, there is no way to not compare his perspective with what is happening in Brazil nowadays; we are fighting for the hope of building an effective and autonomous public system. Lastly, Curran places importance on starting to think about politics from new vantage points, especially for creating policies and media entertainment. Once again, we can see similarities in Brazil. This understanding is common among our researchers, such as the numerous research spaces which work on this correlation. But, after tracing a series of inferences on specific materials, Curran puts forth a direct and definite conclusion: “A healthy democracy needs to be informed as well as entertained”.
Factors associated with shunt-dependent hydrocephalus after decompressive craniectomy for traumatic brain injury
Authors: Vedantam Aditya , Yamal Jose-Miguel , Hwang Hyunsoo , Robertson Claudia S. , Gopinath Shankar P. 
Published: June 2017

OBJECTIVEPosttraumatic hydrocephalus (PTH) affects 11.9%–36% of patients undergoing decompressive craniectomy (DC) and is an important cause of morbidity after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Early diagnosis and treatment of PTH can prevent further neurological compromise in patients who are recovering from TBI. There is limited data on predictors of shunting for PTH after DC for TBI.METHODSProspectively collected data from the erythropoietin severe TBI randomized controlled trial were studied. Demographic, clinical, and imaging data were analyzed for enrolled patients who underwent a DC. All head CT scans during admission were reviewed and assessed for PTH by the Gudeman criteria or the modified Frontal Horn Index ≥ 33%. The presence of subdural hygromas was categorized as unilateral/bilateral hemispheric or interhemispheric. Using L1-regularized logistic regression to select variables, a multiple logistic regression model was created with ventriculoperitoneal shunting as the binary outcome. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.RESULTSA total of 60 patients who underwent DC were studied. Fifteen patients (25%) underwent placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt for PTH. The majority of patients underwent unilateral decompressive hemicraniectomy (n = 46, 77%). Seven patients (12%) underwent bifrontal DC. Unilateral and bilateral hemispheric hygromas were noted in 31 (52%) and 7 (11%) patients, respectively. Interhemispheric hygromas were observed in 19 patients (32%). The mean duration from injury to first CT scan showing hemispheric subdural hygroma and interhemispheric hygroma was 7.9 ± 6.5 days and 14.9 ± 11.7 days, respectively. The median duration from injury to shunt placement was 43.7 days. Multivariate analysis showed that the presence of interhemispheric hygroma (OR 63.6, p = 0.001) and younger age (OR 0.78, p = 0.009) were significantly associated with the need for a shunt after DC.CONCLUSIONSThe presence of interhemispheric subdural hygromas and younger age were associated with shunt-dependent hydrocephalus after DC in patients with severe TBI.
Update on the diagnostic value and safety of stereotactic biopsy for pediatric brainstem tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 735 cases
Authors: Hamisch Christina , Kickingereder Philipp , Fischer Matthias , Simon Thorsten , Ruge Maximilian I. 
Published: June 2017

OBJECTIVERecent studies have shed light on the molecular makeup of diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas and led to the identification of potential treatment targets for these lesions, which account for the majority of pediatric brainstem tumors (pedBSTs). Therefore, stereotactic biopsy–driven molecular characterization of pedBSTs may become an important prerequisite for the management of these fatal brain tumors. The authors conducted a systemic review and meta-analysis to precisely determine the safety and diagnostic success of stereotactic biopsy of pedBSTs.METHODSA systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Web of Science yielded 944 potentially eligible abstracts. Meta-analysis was conducted on 18 studies (including the authors’ own institutional series), describing a total of 735 biopsy procedures for pedBSTs. The primary outcome measures were diagnostic success and procedure-related complications. Pooled estimates were calculated based on the Freeman-Tukey double-arcsine transformation and DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model. Heterogeneity, sensitivity, and meta-regression analyses were also conducted.RESULTSThe weighted average proportions across the analyzed studies were 96.1% (95% CI 93.5%–98.1%) for diagnostic success, 6.7% (95% CI 4.2%–9.6%) for overall morbidity, 0.6% (95% CI 0.2%–1.4%) for permanent morbidity, and 0.6% (95% CI 0.2%–1.3%) for mortality. Subgroup analyses at the study level identified no significant correlation between the outcome measures and the distribution of the chosen biopsy trajectories (transfrontal vs transcerebellar), age, year of publication, or the number of biopsy procedures annually performed in each center.CONCLUSIONStereotactic biopsy of pedBSTs is safe and allows successful tissue sampling as a prerequisite for the molecular characterization and the identification of potentially druggable targets toward more individualized treatment concepts to improve the outcome for children harboring such lesions.
Analog networks on function data streams
Authors: Poças Diogo , Zucker Jeffery 
Published: June 2017

Most of the physical processes arising in nature are modeled by differential equations, either ordinary (example: the spring/mass/damper system) or partial (example: heat diffusion). From the point of view of analog computability, the existence of an effective way to obtain solutions (either exact or approximate) of these systems is essential. A pioneering model of analog computation is the General Purpose Analog Computer (GPAC), introduced by Shannon [ Journal of Mathematical Physics 20 ( 1941 ), 337–354] as a model of the Differential Analyzer and improved by Pour-El [ Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 199 ( 1974 ), 1–28], Lipshitz and Rubel [ Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 99(2) ( 1987 )], Costa and Graça [ Journal of Complexity 19(5) ( 2003 ), 644–664] and others. The GPAC is capable of manipulating real-valued data streams. Its power is known to be characterized by the class of differentially algebraic functions, which includes the solutions of initial value problems for ordinary differential equations. We address one of the limitations of this model, which is its fundamental inability to reason about functions of more than one independent variable (the ‘time’ variable), as noted by Rubel [ Advances in Applied Mathematics 14(1) ( 1993 ), 39–50]. In particular, the Shannon GPAC cannot be used to specify solutions of partial differential equations. We extend the class of data types using networks with channels which carry information on a general complete metric space X; here we take [Formula: see text], the class of continuous functions of one real (spatial) variable. We consider the original modules in Shannon’s construction (constants, adders, multipliers, integrators) and we add a differential module which has one input and one output. For input u, it outputs the spatial derivative [Formula: see text]. We then define an X-GPAC to be a network built with X-stream channels and the above-mentioned modules. This leads us to a framework in which the specifications of such analog systems are given by fixed points of certain operators on continuous data streams. Such a framework was considered by Tucker and Zucker [ Theoretical Computer Science 371 ( 2007 ), 115–146]. We study the properties of these analog systems and their associated operators, and present a characterization of the X-GPAC-generable functions which generalizes Shannon’s results.
Integrating participatory design and health literacy to improve research and interventions
Authors: Neuhauser Linda 
Published: June 2017

Health communication is an essential health promotion strategy to convert scientific findings into actionable, empowering information for the public. Health communication interventions have shown positive outcomes, but many efforts have been disappointing. A key weakness is that expert-designed health communication is often overly generic and not adequately aligned with the abilities, preferences and life situations of specific audiences. The emergence of the field of health literacy is providing powerful theoretical guidance and practice strategies. Health literacy, in concert with other determinants of health, has greatly advanced understanding of factors that facilitate or hinder health promotion at individual, organizational and community settings. However, health literacy models are incomplete and interventions have shown only modest success to date. A challenge is to move beyond the current focus on individual comprehension and address deeper factors of motivation, self-efficacy and empowerment, as well as socio-environmental influences, and their impact to improve health outcomes and reduce health disparities. Integrating participatory design theory and methods drawn from social sciences and design sciences can significantly improve health literacy models and interventions. Likewise, researchers and practitioners using participatory design can greatly benefit from incorporating health literacy principles into their efforts. Such interventions at multiple levels are showing positive health outcomes and reduction of health disparities, but this approach is complex and not yet widespread. This article focuses on research findings about health literacy and participatory design to improve health promotion, and practical guidance and case examples for researchers, practitioners and policymakers.
Improving the Effectiveness of Public Spending on Transport Infrastructure
Authors: Tomek Radan 
Published: June 2017

The highways network is the backbone of every national transport system and plays a strategic role in a country’s economic development. With regards to the large investments, operational and maintenance costs that it requires, sound asset management and a thorough economic appraisal of investments are of high importance. Therefore, it is appropriate to analyse and possibly modify existing methods for evaluating the economic efficiency of road construction and asset management at the scientific level, with the support of the real practice experience. Our research concentrates on an evaluation of the current approach to the asset management of the transport infrastructure, methods of economic appraisal, their consecutive improvement, incorporation of the LCCA agenda and an evaluation of environmental and social aspects in the investment decision process. Consequently, it focuses on the possibilities for improving the effectivity of these aspects through the proposal of very concrete measures based on the results of our research and the experience of real practice management construction.
An Updated 2017 Astrometric Solution for Betelgeuse
Authors: Harper G. M. , Brown A. , Guinan E. F. , O’Gorman E. , Richards A. M. S. , Kervella P. , Decin L. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
We provide an update for the astrometric solution for the Type II supernova progenitor Betelgeuse using the revised Hipparcos Intermediate Astrometric Data (HIAD) of van Leeuwen, combined with existing VLA and new e-MERLIN and ALMA positions. The 2007 Hipparcos refined abscissa measurements required the addition of so-called Cosmic Noise of 2.4 mas to find an acceptable 5-parameter stochastic solution. We find that a measure of radio Cosmic Noise should also be included for the radio positions because surface inhomogeneities exist at a level significant enough to introduce additional intensity centroid uncertainty. Combining the 2007 HIAD with the proper motions based solely on the radio positions leads to a parallax of

mas (

pc), smaller than the Hipparcos 2007 value of 6.56 ± 0.83 mas (

pc). Furthermore, combining the VLA and new e-MERLIN and ALMA radio positions with the 2007 HIAD, and including radio Cosmic Noise of 2.4 mas, leads to a nominal parallax solution of 4.51 ± 0.80 mas (

pc), which, while only

different from the 2008 solution of Harper et al., is 2.6σ different from the solution of van Leeuwen. An accurate and precise parallax for Betelgeuse is always going to be difficult to obtain because it is small compared to the stellar angular diameter (

mas). We outline an observing strategy utilizing future mm and sub-mm high-spatial resolution interferometry that must be used if substantial improvements in the precision and accuracy of the parallax and distance are to be achieved.