bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Pumpless, High‐Throughput Microphysiological System to Mimic Enteric Innervation of Duodenal Epithelium and the Impact on Barrier Function
Authors: Kaiser Kyla N. , Snyder Jessica R. , Koppes Ryan A. , Koppes Abigail N. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEnteric neurons are critical in maintaining organ homeostasis within the small intestine, and their dysregulation are implicated in gastrointestinal disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Most in vitro models lack enteric innervation, limiting basic discovery and disease modeling research. Here, a high‐throughput 3D microphysiological system (MPS), or organ chip is presented that supports a primary epithelial monolayer interfacing directly with encapsulated primary enteric neurons. The device features twelve 3D MPSs per device and gravity‐driven flow via a laboratory rocker to induce biomimetic shear stress on the epithelium culture and provide continuous nutrient presentation. Intestinal and neural tissue exhibited expected morphologies. Neural gene upregulation in the epithelium suggests RNA contamination from proximal enteric neurons extending neurites toward the epithelial monolayer. With the enteric nervous system (ENS), barrier integrity significantly increased for both TEER and permeability assays, a 1.25‐fold greater resistance and 10% lower permeability as compared to epithelium cultured alone. The presence of the ENS resulted in a significant (1.4‐fold) reduction in epidermal growth factor (EGF). Additionally, several key epithelial genes are compared between duodenal tissue and epithelial monolayers with and without neurons present. Results demonstrated changes in cytokine gene expression and WNT pathways, highlighting innervation is essential to create more biomimetic and physiologically relevant in vitro models.
Switchable Pseudo‐Triaxial Structure Enabled Mechanosensory Textiles with Ultra‐Wide Detection Range for Flexible E‐Wearables
Authors: Peng Yangyang , Sun Fengxin , Jing Jianghui , Zhao Jieyun , Zhang Ning , Zhang Pengfei , Pan Ruru 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFlexible sensors hold significant promise for wearable monitoring and rehabilitation training applications. However, current flexible strain sensors struggle to compatible their sensing performance and fabrication with textile substrate and weaving technologies, which limits the practical applications of flexible sensors in commercial markets for electronic wearables. Differing from traditional strategies that rely on sophisticated construction of functional materials, leveraging industrial braiding, and weaving technologies, an all‐textile‐based pseudo‐triaxial mechanosensory textile (PTMT) is designed by engineering the wrapping pattern, yarn twist, and fabric architecture. The switchable hierarchically‐structured morphing of the PTMT enables an ultra‐wide strain detection range (up to 140%) along with desirable sensitivity. Moreover, the PTMT shows outstanding air permeability (1915 mm s−1), moisture permeability (1922 g m−2 h−1), high washability, and electromagnetic interference shielding (20.25 dB). The potential applications of PTMT are also demonstrated, such as in simulating fetal‐movement in pregnant women, proving its effectiveness in fetal‐movement health monitoring. Furthermore, by integrating the PTMT into shoe vamps and combining it with machine learning algorithms (CNN, RF, and PSO‐SVM), it is proved that PSO‐SVM outperformed CNN and RF in accuracy and stability, achieving a combined recognition accuracy of 95.42%.
2D/0D Heterojunction Fluorescent Probe with Schottky Barrier Based on Ti3C2TX MXene Loaded Graphene Quantum Dots for Detection of H2S During Food Spoilage
Authors: Jia Zhixin , Zhang Jingbin , Ji Zengtao , Zhang Jiaran , Yang Xinting , Shi Ce , Sun Xia , Guo Yemin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S) contamination of food has raised widespread public health concerns, leading to substantial medical and economic burdens. Herein, a 2D/0D heterojunction fluorescent probe (TCTG) with Schottky barriers (SB) is designed and synthesized, utilizing Ti3C2Tx MXene‐loaded graphene quantum dots (GQDs), for the detection of H2S during food spoilage. The microstructures observed through SEM and TEM reveal that uniformly sized GQDs are evenly attached to the surface of a monolayer Ti3C2Tx. The chemisorption between GQDs and Ti3C2Tx facilitates charge transfer and the formation of SB, resulting in intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) effects. With the introduction of H2S, TCTG(50%) exhibits the highest sensitivity, selectivity, and anti‐interference properties, with ultra‐fast fluorescence transient reaction (3s) and remarkably low detection limit of 41.82 ppb as well as noticeable color change. When TCTG(50%) reacted with H2S, the ICT effects are inhibited, leading to the recovery of photoinduced electron transfer (PET) and fluorescence quenching. Notably, probe TCTG is effectively utilized to detect changes in H2S levels in raw foods to assess their quality. Overall, the significance of this study is its potential to revolutionize food spoilage detection, offering a fast, reliable, and sensitive method to ensure food safety and reduce associated health and economic burdens.
Light‐Encoding of a Supramolecular Hydrogel for Assembly‐Free Soft Machines Capable of Sequential and Multistage Shape‐Morphing
Authors: Guo Jing , Liu Ruihui , Lv Yuezi , Xie Hui , Zhou Shaobing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractShape‐morphing hydrogels can mimic the dynamism of living creatures and are popular for designing soft machines, such as actuators and robots. However, most existing shape‐morphing hydrogels present a single morphing pathway between two shapes, sequential and multistage shape‐morphing in real scenarios has rarely been captured. Although a strategy that assembles functional hydrogel components has been reported, it is likely to simultaneously increase the complexity and weaken the versatility of hydrogel machines. Here, a light‐encoding strategy based on the dynamic coordination between the ferric iron and carboxyl group (Fe3+─COO−) to integrate the frame and actuating units into a single hydrogel without assembly is proposed. The spatiotemporal control of light irradiation is expected to make the light‐encoding process sequential and reprogrammable. Results demonstrate that the light‐encoded patterns determine the morphing route and further activate shape‐morphing owing to swelling mismatch. The actuating units can be successively created by localized irradiation or elaborately turned by re‐coordinating and light‐encoding. This endows the encoded hydrogel with sequential and multistage shape‐morphing behavior, similar to the living creatures. This strategy allows the design of assembly‐free soft machines with sequential and multistage shape‐morphing performance, which will benefit the design of more types of hydrogel machines.
Lower‐Temperature Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Rich Molybdenum Nitride/Nickel (Cobalt) Heterojunctional Assembly for the Effective Water Electrolysis
Authors: Dong Youming , Wu Aiping , Yang Ganceng , Wang Jiaqi , Liu Yue , Yan Haijing , Tian Chungui , Fu Honggang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe nitrogen‐rich molybdenum nitrides (N/Mo > 1) are promising for water electrolysis due to their increased activity and antioxidant ability. However, a higher temperature is needed in the usual synthesis for introducing more N, leading to the formation of large particles and the difficulty in controlling the morphology, thus limiting their catalytic performance. Here, a new strategy is reported based on the synergy of internal/external N sources (INS and ENS) toward Mo5N6‐based catalysts at a decreased temperature of 450 °C. The PMo12 clusters and Ni2+ (Co2+) are first combined with 2‐methylimidazole/melamine (INS) to give a flower‐like assembly. The subsequent pyrolysis under NH3 flow (ENS) gives the flowers composed of small Mo5N6/Ni (Co) heterojunctional particles that can expose more surface sites with an optimized electronic structure. The Mo5N6/Ni exhibits good HER activity close to Pt/C, and Mo5N6/Co shows superior OER performance to IrO2. The Mo5N6/Ni||Mo5N6/Co cell drives overall water splitting (OWS) at a low voltage of 1.397/1.74 V to achieve a current density of 10/100 mA cm−2 in the 1.0 M KOH. An anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer (AEMWE) based on the catalysts can achieve a current density of 450 mA cm−2 at 1.8 V with a long‐term stability of 120 h.
High‐Performance Dynamic Photo‐Responsive Polymers With Superior Closed‐Loop Recyclability
Authors: Lee Juho , Lee Dongju , Ahn Cheol‐Hee , Kim Tae Ann 
Published: September 2024

AbstractChemical recycling to monomer (CRM) provides an ideal solution for reducing plastic waste and achieving a circular polymer economy. Cyclopentene (CP) and its derivatives are representative molecules that exemplify an efficient CRM process under mild conditions. However, most CP‐based polymers possess limited thermal and mechanical properties, constraining their potential applications. Herein, new CP‐based polymers with superior thermo‐mechanical properties and autonomous functions are proposed by integrating anthracene as a dynamic functional motif. Anthracenes not only serve as supramolecular cross‐linkages through strong π–π interactions but also form stronger chemical ones under UVA light irradiation, enhancing thermo‐mechanical properties. Furthermore, damage‐reporting, self‐healing, and local shape reprogramming capabilities are accomplished by utilizing the reversible nature of photodimerized anthracene. A mild and orthogonal depolymerization condition for the CP‐based polymers facilitates efficient monomer recovery even from mixed plastic wastes. This work presents a simple yet effective strategy to expand the usability of chemically recyclable polymers and contribute to a closed‐loop polymer economy.
Generation of Quantum Vortex Electrons with Intense Laser Pulses
Authors: Bu Zhigang , Ji Liangliang , Geng Xuesong , Liu Shiyu , Lei Shaohu , Shen Baifei , Li Ruxin , Xu Zhizhan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAccelerating a free electron to high‐energy forms the basis for studying particle and nuclear physics. Here it is shown that the wave function of such an energetic electron can be further manipulated with the femtosecond intense lasers. During the scattering between a high‐energy electron and a circularly polarized laser pulse, a regime is found where the enormous spin angular momenta of laser photons can be efficiently transferred to the electron orbital angular momentum (OAM). The wave function of the scattered electron is twisted from its initial plane‐wave state to the quantum vortex state. Nonlinear quantum electrodynamics (QED) theory suggests that the GeV‐level electrons acquire average intrinsic OAM beyond at laser intensities of 1020 W cm−2 with linear scaling. These electrons emit γ‐photons with two‐peak spectrum, which sets them apart from the ordinary electrons. The findings demonstrate a proficient method for generating relativistic leptons with the vortex wave functions based on existing laser technology, thereby fostering a novel source for particle and nuclear physics.
Remote C─H Bond Activation via Enantioselective Carbopalladation and 1,4‐Pd Migration Cascade Process
Authors: Xu Bing , Ji Danting , Zhang Zhan‐Ming , Zhang Junliang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCarbopalladation‐initiated cascade reaction involving 1,4‐Pd migration is a straightforward and powerful approach to activate remote C─H bond, forging versatile fused polycyclic compounds containing fluorene fragment which are highly valuable synthetic targets. However, its asymmetric variants pose considerable challenges and have not been explored. Here the first asymmetric palladium‐catalyzed tandem carbopalladation is reported, 1,4‐Pd migration reaction of ortho‐iodophenol‐derived allyl ether under mild conditions, allowing the transformation of a wide range of substrates in good to excellent enantioselectivities, and providing a facile and straight forward access to tetracyclic dihydroindeno[1,2,3‐de]chromene bearing a chiral fluorene skeleton. A good functional group tolerance, high stereoselectivity, as well as the good chiroptical properties (high fluorescence quantum yields, circular dichroism) of the products make this approach highly attractive. Moreover, density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the protonation of five‐membered palladacycle intermediate is more favorable rather than its direct reductive elimination process.
Intelligent Carbon Dots with Switchable Photo‐Activated Oxidase‐Mimicking Activity and pH Responsive Antioxidant Activity Adaptive to the Wound Microenvironment for Selective Antibacterial Therapy
Authors: He Li , Li Zhi , Gu Meiqi , Li Yifei , Yi Chengla , Jiang Ming , Yu Xu , Xu Li 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntelligent antibacterial agent with controllable activities adaptive to the wound microenvironment is appealing to reduce drug resistance and enhance antibacterial efficiency. In this study, celery is chosen as the carbon source to construct celery‐based carbon dots (CECDs) with double activities, i.e., reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐production and ROS‐clearance activities. The ROS‐production capability of CECDs is dependent on the oxidase (OXD)‐mimicking activity, which is only photo‐activated and thus artificially controlled by light to avoid the production of excess ROS. Meanwhile, the optimal OXD‐mimicking activity occurrs at the pH of 5, close to microenvironmental pH at the bacterial infection site, which will enhance the antibacterial efficacy. On the other hand, CECDs exhibit the antioxidant activity at the neutral or weak alkaline pH, which will assist the healing of the wound. Thus, the conversion of ROS‐production and ROS‐clearance ability of CECDs can be dynamically and intelligently switched automatically with microenvironmental pH at different stages of treatment (from acid to neutral/weak basic). The proposed CECDs exert adorable selective antibacterial activity against Gram‐positive bacteria and satisfactory therapeutic effect on bacteria infected mice. This study paves a new avenue to design the intelligent antibacterial nanoagent sensitive to the infected microenvironmental condition, reducing drug resistance and assisting precise medicine.
Strategic Design and Mechanistic Understanding of Vacancy‐Filling Heusler Thermoelectric Semiconductors
Authors: Hu Weimin , Ye Song , Li Qizhu , Zhao Binru , Hagihala Masato , Dong Zirui , Zhang Yubo , Zhang Jiye , Torri Shuki , Ma Jie , Ge Binghui , Luo Jun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDoping narrow‐gap semiconductors is a well‐established approach for designing efficient thermoelectric materials. Semiconducting half‐Heusler (HH) and full‐Heusler (FH) compounds have garnered significant interest within the thermoelectric field, yet the number of exceptional candidates remains relatively small. It is recently shown that the vacancy‐filling approach is a viable strategy for expanding the Heusler family. Here, a range of near‐semiconducting Heuslers, TiFexCuySb, creating a composition continuum that adheres to the Slater‐Pauling electron counting rule are theoretically designed and experimentally synthesized. The stochastic and incomplete occupation of vacancy sites within these materials imparts continuously changing electrical conductivities, ranging from a good semiconductor with low carrier concentration in the endpoint TiFe0.67Cu0.33Sb to a heavily doped p‐type semiconductor with a stoichiometry of TiFe1.00Cu0.20Sb. The optimal thermoelectric performance is experimentally observed in the intermediate compound TiFe0.80Cu0.28Sb, achieving a peak figure of merit of 0.87 at 923 K. These findings demonstrate that vacancy‐filling Heusler compounds offer substantial opportunities for developing advanced thermoelectric materials.
Complexity made easy: Aggregation‐induced emission small molecules for cancer diagnosis and phototherapies
Authors: Chen Luojia , Chen Si‐Ling , Yuan Yuncong , Leng Xiang , Xu Xiaoyu , Chen Jingyuan , Shi Jiayi , Qian Kun , Xie Yuanlong , Ding Qihang , Cheng Zhen , Gu Meijia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPhototheranostics has garnered sustained attention due to its significant potential for revolutionizing conventional cancer treatment strategies. While being one of the most commonly employed strategies for constructing phototheranostic systems by engineering the integration of photosensitizers (PSs) into nanosystems, nano‐PSs face challenges including complexity in the preparation process, low delivery efficiency, and potential toxicity issues. Contrastingly, the burgeoning popularity of small molecule PSs characterized by aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) has become evident in the arena of cancer phototheranostics. This preference is underscored by their well‐defined structures, adjustable photophysical properties, and low toxicity. Therefore, acquiring profound insights into the pioneering strides achievable through a solitary small molecule PS with AIE in tumor phototheranostics is of paramount scientific significance. In this review, we will discuss the recent progress of small molecule PSs with AIE properties in cancer diagnosis and phototherapies with representative examples, guided by the ethos of “Complexity made easy”. We also look forward to the future development direction of AIE small molecules, with a central objective of advancing cancer research through a focal emphasis on simplicity, expeditiousness, and safety.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Disialyllacto‐N‐Tetraose (DSLNT) and Related Human Milk Oligosaccharides Reveals Broad Siglec Recognition of the Atypical Neu5Acα2‐6GlcNAc Motif
Authors: Bao Shumin , Shen Tangliang , Shabahang Mohammad Hossein , Bai Guitao , Li Lei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSialic acids (Sias) are ubiquitously expressed on all types of glycans, typically as terminating residues. They usually link to galactose, N‐acetylgalactosamine, or other Sia residues, forming ligands of many glycan‐binding proteins. An atypical linkage to the C6 of N‐acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) has been identified in human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs, e.g., DSLNT) and tumor‐associated glycoconjugates. Herein, describe the systematic synthesis of these HMOs in an enzymatic modular manner. The synthetic strategy relies on a novel activity of ST6GalNAc6 for efficient construction of the Neu5Acα2‐6GlcNAc linkage, and another 12 specific enzyme modules for sequential HMO assembly. The structures enabled comprehensive exploration of their structure‐function relationships using glycan microarrays, revealing broad yet distinct recognition by Siglecs of the atypical Neu5Acα2‐6GlcNAc motif. The work provides tools and new insight for the functional study and potential applications of Siglecs and HMOs.
Pulsed EPR Methods in the Angstrom to Nanometre Scale Shed Light on the Conformational Flexibility of a Fluoride Riboswitch
Authors: Remmel Laura , Meyer Andreas , Ackermann Katrin , Hagelueken Gregor , Bennati Marina , Bode Bela E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRiboswitches control gene regulation upon external stimuli such as environmental factors or ligand binding. The fluoride sensing riboswitch from Thermotoga petrophila is a complex regulatory RNA proposed to be involved in resistance to F− cytotoxicity. The details of structure and dynamics underpinning the regulatory mechanism are currently debated. Here we demonstrate that a combination of pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (ESR/EPR) spectroscopies, detecting distances in the angstrom to nanometre range, can probe distinct regions of conformational flexibility in this riboswitch. PELDOR (pulsed electron‐electron double resonance) revealed a similar preorganisation of the sensing domain in three forms, i.e. the free aptamer, the Mg2+‐bound apo, and the F−‐bound holo form. 19F ENDOR (electron‐nuclear double resonance) was used to investigate the active site structure of the F−‐bound holo form. Distance distributions without a priori structural information were compared with in silico modelling of spin label conformations based on the crystal structure. While PELDOR, probing the periphery of the RNA fold, revealed conformational flexibility of the RNA backbone, ENDOR indicated low structural heterogeneity at the ligand binding site. Overall, the combination of PELDOR and ENDOR with sub‐angstrom precision gave insight into structural organisation and flexibility of a riboswitch, not easily attainable by other biophysical techniques.
Metal‐Phosphonate‐Organic Network as Ion Enrichment Layer for Sustainable Zinc Metal Electrode with High Rate Capability
Authors: He Xiaofeng , Qian Yongchao , Wu Yadong , Yan Zidi , Lin Xiangbin , Kong Xiang‐Yu , Zhao Yong , Jiang Lei , Wen Liping 
Published: September 2024

AbstractZinc (Zn) metal batteries could be the technology of choice for sustainable battery chemistries owing to its better safety and cost advantage. However, their cycle life and Coulombic efficiency (CE) are strongly limited by the dendritic growth and side reactions of Zn anodes. Herein, we proposed an in situ construction of a metal‐phosphonate‐organic network (MPON) with three‐dimensional interconnected networks on Zn metal, which can act as an ion enrichment layer for Zn anodes in Zn‐metal batteries. This MPON with abundant porous structure and phosphate sites possesses ion enriching properties and high Zn2+ transference number (0.83), which is beneficial for enhancing Zn2+ migration and self‐concentrating kinetics. Meanwhile, MPON offers hydrophobicity to effectively inhibit the water‐induced Zn anode corrosion. As a result, the Zn electrode exhibits superior Zn/Zn2+ reversibility of over 4 months at 3 mA cm−2 and a high CE of 99.6 %. Moreover, the Zn/NaV3O8 ⋅ 1.5H2O and Zn/MnO2 full cells using ultrathin Zn anodes (10 μm) exhibit high‐capacity retention of 81 % and 78 % after 1400 and 1000 cycles, respectively. This work provides a unique promise to design high‐performance anode for practical Zn‐metal‐based batteries.
Skeletal muscle activity affects the deformity of long bone morphology in lathyritic chick embryo
Authors: Yuguchi Maki , Yamazaki Yosuke , Honjo Bin , Isokawa Keitaro 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEmbryonic muscle activity is involved in various aspects of bone morphogenesis and growth. Normal mechanical stimuli of muscle contraction are important in most cases, and when the muscles are immobilized, the developing bones are abnormally shaped. In chick embryos, a characteristic curved deformity is reproducibly induced in the developing tibiotarsus using the bone‐weakening agent, beta‐aminopropionitrile (bAPN). In this study, we applied decamethonium bromide (DMB), a well‐established neuromuscular blocking agent, to embryos treated with bAPN, to test the hypothesis that the deformity is triggered and formed depending on the balance between the decrease in stiffness of the bAPN‐affected tibiotarsus and the normal physiological increase in embryonic skeletal muscle activity. The occurrence of curved morphology induced by bAPN administered at 4 or 8 days of incubation (embryonic day [ED]) was temporally consistent with the posterior displacement of the leg muscles, which occurred just before ED8. The displaced muscles were assumed to exert a contraction force comparable to that of untreated normal muscles. When treated with DMB at ED8, the muscles atrophied and exhibited degenerative changes, and the degree of curved morphology was alleviated and reduced to 50% or more in the morphometric evaluation at ED10. These findings indicated that the coordinated development of skeletal element stiffness and muscle activity must be temporally regulated, particularly during the early stages of skeletogenesis.