bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyclooctatetrathiophene Based MOF-Derived Porous Materials as High- Performance Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Weimiao , Zhong Yuan , Shen Zhan , Meng Ya-Ru , Wang Yang , Xu Bingqing , Su Jian , Zhang Gen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Extensive research on anodes with higher capacity than carbon materials is driven by the demand for lithium-ion batteries with higher energy density. But cycling stability of high-capacity anodes is hindered by the structural collapse. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are an emerging class of crystalline materials, and their derivatives are expected as alternative high-capacity anodes, resulting from the merits of easy functionalization and pore engineering. In this study, a novel porous Co-MOF-derived composite anode was prepared by the pyrolysis of nonporous Co-cyclooctatetrathiophene tetrapyridine (Co-COTTTP) template. The resulting porous carbon based composite anode demonstrated high specific capacity and long cycling stability in the assembled cells. Co-COTTTP-500 delivered a high reversible specific capacity of 1005.7 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g−1 and can be cycled steady for 800 cycles at 1 A g−1, indicating the structure stability during cell operation. The comprehensive investigation of the framework structure and the composition of Co-COTTTP-derived composite anodes revealed that the exposed rich redox active sites, appropriate degree of graphitization, and heteroatom doping in the composites effectively enhanced the electrochemical performance of the composite anodes. In summary, this study provides a feasible strategy to prepare high-performance MOF-derived anodes, contributing to the fabrication of high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries.
ISiamDW：Improved SiamRPN Target Tracking Algorithm Based on Inverted Residual Mobile Block
Authors: Jiang Zhengye , Li TianPing 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The SiamRPN target tracking algorithm has received widespread attention due to its good balance between speed and performance. Its concise network structure makes it faster, but the tracking effect is not satisfactory. Especially in complex backgrounds, SiamRPN often loses targets. The SiamRPN algorithm lacks the ability to recognize interference from similar objects when using deep semantic features for tracking. Therefore, we have introduced an inverted residual mobile block for this purpose. The inverted residual mobile block utilizes multi-head self-attention and depthwise separable convolution cascades to decompose and recombine the feature information extracted from the backbone Siamese network of SiamRPN, improving the model's generalization ability and avoiding the influence of similar targets in complex scenes which may result in incorrect tracking. In addition, we extensively use depthwise separable convolutions to reduce the number of parameters and improve tracking efficiency. The tracker achieved good results on three large tracking benchmarks, including OTB2015, UAV123, and VOT2016. Especially in UAV123, it has excellent performance and can be applied in unmanned aerial vehicle tracking and enemy search.
Radon Quantification in Water and Dose Estimation via Inhalation and Ingestion Across Age Groups in the Pattan Region of North Kashmir
Authors: Pandith Tanveer Ahmad , Simnani Shakeel , Ahmad Rayees , Singh Krishna Pal , Gewali Jeeban Prasad 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Human survival hinges on access to water, which provides vital necessities. It is crucial to secure reliable, affordable, and uncontaminated water to maintain health and sustain life. For the potential impact of radioactive water pollution on human well-being, a scintillation-based smart RnDuo detector was employed in the Pattan region of North Kashmir Baramulla to quantify radon levels in diverse underground water. The dose contribution to various organs through inhalation and ingestion pathways has been analyzed. The study assesses the levels of radon in water, which varied from 19.88 to 74.37 Bq/L with an average of 37.65 Bq/L. All of the values were higher than the USEPA's guideline of 11 Bq/L but lower than 100 Bq/L prescribed by WHO. The age group-wise inhalation and ingestion doses are higher than the 100 µSv/y recommended by WHO but within the prescribed range of 3–10 mSv/y as suggested by ICRP. Doses to various organs are calculated in the present study showing that lungs and gonads are highly impacted by radon exposure, followed by the esophagus, skin, and bones. The results of the present investigation will help to enhance the quality of the water and guide future epidemiological studies.
Improving the observed-to-expected ratio method to identify true patterns of multimorbidity
Authors: Baneshi Mohammad Reza , Mishra Gita Devi , Dobson Annette 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background In the study of multimorbidity, the observed-to-expected ratio is frequently used to identify triads of conditions associated with each other. However, the method may wrongly identify spurious triads which are only partially associated as being true triads. This paper aims to improve the method to identify mutually associated triads. Methods Data were simulated to emulate the characteristics of our empirical data. Using 25 simulated binary variables, 2,300 triads were created. For each triad, the following statistics were calculated: the observed-to-expected ratio, the logarithm of the observed-to-expected ratio known as the information component, and the lower confidence interval of the information component (\(\:{IC}_{0.025}\)). Furthermore, for each triad, we calculated three lift values (using association rule mining) to assess the dependency of each condition with the other two. Then, within each triad, \(\:{IC}_{0.025}\) for all three constituent pairs were calculated. \(\:{IC}_{0.025}<0\) indicates independent of conditions. Triads with three pairs having \(\:{IC}_{0.025}>0\) were defined as true. Triads with at least one of the pairs having \(\:{IC}_{0.025}<0\) were defined as false. Among the false triads, those with the triad \(\:{IC}_{0.025}>0\) were defined as spurious (i.e., the lower bound of the information component for the whole triad exceeding 0). Methods were then applied to the Australian national mortality data. Results In simulated data, 53.2% of false triads were spurious (i.e., while at least one pair was independent, \(\:{IC}_{0.025}\) of the triad exceeded 0). Through algebra, we illustrated that the closeness of the observed-to-expected ratio and lift is an indication of independence among some conditions within the triad. For all spurious triads, the observed-to-expected ratio and lift were close, suggesting dependency of a pair within the triad. The observed-to-expected ratio was about twice as high as the lift for true triads, indicating mutual associations. In the Australian national mortality data, for 95% of triads with high OE ratios, the observed-to-expected ratios and lifts were close suggesting dependency of a pair within the triad. Conclusion An associated pair may attract an unrelated condition and create a spurious triad. To guard against spurious findings, the observed-to-expected method should be used alongside the association rule mining.
Precise LEO orbit determination using regional PPP-B2b augmentation services
Authors: Zhou Haitao , Wang Lei , Chen Ruizhi , Li Jiansheng , Chen Mingjian , Li Linyang , Fu Wenju 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The PPP-B2b service broadcasted by BDS-3 GEO satellites can provide centimeter to decimeter-level positioning accuracy in China and surrounding area. As a free satellite based-augmentation system, BDS PPP-B2b service also potentially benefits the low earth orbit (LEO) space users to improve the orbit determination accuracy. The challenge is the regional PPP-B2b augmentation information cannot cover the full orbit arc, so it has to switch the ephemeris datum between the PPP-B2b ephemeris and the broadcast ephemeris during the LEO precise orbit determination (POD). The PPP-B2b clock product is generated from a regional network, whose datum may not be consistency with the broadcast ephemeris, which hinders the seamless fusion between the PPP-B2b ephemeris and the broadcast ephemeris. In this study, we proposed a PPP-B2b enhanced model with hybrid LNAV/PPP-B2b clock offset datum transformation (CDT) and validated it with onboard GPS data from the GRACE satellites. Compared to the results using hybrid ephemeris without CDT, the results of reduced-dynamic and kinematic POD using the hybrid ephemeris reveal that the orbit accuracy with CDT is improved by 11.71% and 26.95% in 3D direction, and the LEO clock frequency stability with CDT is improved by 34.77% ~ 44.3% and 23.29% ~ 44.35% for different averaging times. The proposed CDT method achieves 2 decimeter accuracy in reduced-dynamic orbit and provides new application prospects for LEO POD based on regional PPP-B2b service.
Effect of heterogeneous catalysts on the mechanical and relaxometric behavior of lactic acid-cured epoxidized vegetable oil vitrimer
Authors: Rodrigues João Gabriel Passos , Neto Roberto Pinto Cucinelli , Arias Santiago , Pacheco Jose G. A. , Dias Marcos Lopes 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Biobased vitrimeric materials were obtained from epoxidized canola oil (ECO) and lactic acid (LA) where zinc acetate (ZnAc) and ZnAl-layered double hydrox- ide (ZnAl) were used as transesterification catalysts at concentrations of 1 and 2wt%. Incorporation of these catalysts into the vitrimers was confirmed by X- ray diffraction analysis where characteristic crystalline peaks of the catalysts appeared in the vitrimers. NMR Relaxometric showed that the addition of cat- alysts reduced the density of cross-links and promoted increased mobility of polymer chains in the vitrimers. Mechanical tests revealed that the addition of both catalysts promoted decrease in some mechanical properties with a variation in rupture stress in the range of 0.71 to 0.11 MPa, rupture strain in the range of 21.3 to 49.4% and in Young’s modulus from 0.24 to 3.04 MPa. SEM images revealed that the addition of the catalysts introduced defects in the polymer matrix and increased the brittleness of the material.
Abnormal time series detection under unsupervised and multi-working conditions for power system of unmanned equipment
Authors: Zhang Chaoqi , Gou Xinyi , Zhang Qingzhen , Yu Guizhen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Due to the importance of the power subsystem in unmanned equipment (UE), it needs accurate anomaly detection methods to ensure its safe and stable operation. Under the condition of unsupervised and extremely lack of abnormal samples, deep learning methods and machine learning methods are difficult to apply. In addition, the operating conditions of UE are variable and abnormal modes are diverse, which bring greater challenges to the anomaly detection task. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes a new anomaly detection method for time series of unmanned equipment power system (UEPS). Firstly, a similarity measurement method based on series decomposition and fast dynamic time warping is introduced to improve the accuracy of series similarity measurement. Then, taking the time series as samples, the density clustering algorithm is applied to separate the categories with small sample number as anomaly categories. Finally, based on the normal class labels obtained by clustering, the support vector data description algorithm is used to realize new abnormal time series detection in the absence of abnormal samples. In the anomaly detection experiments on power system data in Unmanned Aircraft System Mission, the method proposed in this paper shows excellent performance, and effectively solves the problem of unsupervised, multi-working conditions and lack of abnormal samples.
Atrial Appendage Closure is Associated with Increased Risk for Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Shuhaiber Jeffrey , Abbas Mostafa , Moorland Thomas , Kirchner H. Lester , El-Manzalawy Yasser 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study aims to examine the relationship between left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) and post-operative atrial fibrillation (POAF) in cardiac surgery patients with no pre-operative atrial fibrillation (AF).
Methods
We analyzed a cohort of 2059 adult patients in our Society of Thoracic Surgery (STS) database who underwent at least one of the following procedures between 2018 and 2021: coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), aortic valve replacement, or mitral valve replacement. All patients had no pre-operative AF, and 169 (8.2%) of them received a left atrial appendage closure (LAAC). Primary outcome was new-onset POAF and secondary outcomes included 1-year mortality, 30-day readmission, 1-year incident stroke, and post-operative hospital length of stay (LOS). Patients without an LAAC were matched to LACC patients using a 1:1 nearest neighbor propensity score method to reduce the bias due to potential confounding. Associations between LAAC and postoperative adverse outcomes were assessed using appropriate statistical tests for matched analyses.
Results
The matched cohort included 162 pairs. LAAC was associated with elevated risk of new-onset POAF (41.4% vs 25.3%, p = 0.003), and postoperative hospital LOS (142.1 vs 120.5 hours, p = 0.001). The LAAC did not significantly impact all-cause 1-year mortality, 30-day readmission, and 1-year incident stroke.
Conclusions
In cardiac surgery patients with no pre-operative history AF, LAAC was associated with substantially higher rates of new-onset POAF, without a corresponding impact on risk of 1-year incident stroke, 30-day readmission, or 1-year mortality.
Optimized Power Management for Fuel Cells Electrical Vehicles Using High Step-Up Converter
Authors: Dinakaran K P , jebaselvi G D Anbarasi , Karthikeyan N 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

This paper proposes a new DC-DC converter at the front-end of the powertrain of FCVs which offers a high step-up voltage gain with low voltage stress. Battery systems of FCEVs supply a high voltage alternating current (AC) output while fuel cell systems in FCVs output low-voltage DC. In adopting electric drivetrains there is need to have efficient voltage conversion for the high voltage needed.. Conventional topology converters can often fail to provide the required voltage boost while also experiencing heavy efficiency degradation together with voltage stress affecting the elements of the converter’s circuit, which can reduce its reliability and shorten its lifespan. The converters’ TLO operating principles and performance indicators are comprehensively explored and analytically quantified using mathematical modeling. The findings of the study’s simulation support the theoretical propositions and highlight that the converter can deliver greater than tenfold string voltage gain while reducing the voltage stress on semiconductor switching devices and diodes. Since the DC-DC converter maintain a constant output voltage, is cheap, easy to construct, and has an efficiency of over 95% it is suitable for many FCV applications. It provides useful procedure for enhancing the efficiency and lifespan of FCVs through achieving high voltage and low stress conversion.
Greenness Assessment of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Apigenin, Apocynin and Gallic Acid with Quality by Design Approach
Authors: Mevada Shweta , Patel Harsha U. , Shukla Saurabh 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

This study presents the development of an eco-friendly high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of apigenin, apocynin, and gallic acid, integrating Analytical Quality by Design (AQbD) and Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) principles. The objective was to enhance method efficiency while reducing environmental impact, energy consumption, and solvent use. An AQbD approach was employed, starting with quality risk assessment and scouting analysis, followed by optimization using Box–Behnken Design (BBD) to screen three key chromatographic parameters. The optimal chromatographic conditions were determined using a C18 Column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with a mobile phase of Methanol: Water (80:20 %v/v), a flow rate of 1 mL/min, UV detection at 228 nm, and a temperature of 25 °C. The method demonstrated linearity over a concentration range of 1–5 μg/mL for the target compounds, with gallic acid as an internal standard. The method’s greenness profile was assessed using various evaluation tools, confirming its compliance with green analytical chemistry principles. The results indicate that the proposed HPLC method is not only effective and reliable but also environmentally sustainable, making it suitable for routine use in quality control laboratories. The integration of AQbD and GAC principles highlights the method's contribution to more sustainable and efficient analytical practices.
A novel effective technique for charge neutralization on bulk insulator surfaces in XPS measurements by introducing UV light irradiation
Authors: Xu Xuefeng , Zhu Lei , Yang Yunguo , Cai Jianhua , Ma Liran , Luo Jianbin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

When XPS analyses are performed on insulator surfaces, shift and deformation of spectra peaks typically take place due to the surface charging. To achieve reliable XPS measurements, neutralization techniques have been widely adopted but their effectiveness are still limited, and thus, new neutralization technologies are urgently needed. Here, stable XPS spectra in which all the peaks undergo a reduced and nearly constant shift without significant deformation and broadening were obtained by introducing the UV light irradiation, implying that the introduction of the UV light can not only greatly attenuate the strength but also significantly improve both the temporal stability and the spatial uniformity of the surface charging during XPS measurements. This phenomenon, referred to as UV-assisted neutralization in this article, was found as effective as the most commonly used dual beam charge neutralization. Further observations show that the suppression of the charging issue comes from the adsorption of the UV-excited photoelectrons onto the X-ray irradiation region. This neutralization method, combined with the binding energy referencing, can be expected to become a promising alternative technique for solving the charging issues in XPS measurements.
Multi-Project Wafer Runs for Electronic Graphene Devices in the European Project “2D-Experimental Pilot Line”
Authors: Lemme Max , Canto Bárbara , Otto Martin , Maestre Arantxa , Centeno Alba , Zurutuza Amaia , Robertz Bianca , Reato Eros , Chmielak Bartos , Stoll Stefanie , Hemmetter Andreas , Schlachter Florian , Ehlert Lisa , Li Sha , Neumaier Daniel , Rinke Gordon , Wang Zhenxing 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Commercializing electronic devices based on graphene has not yet occurred, even nearly 20 years after its discovery. To this end, the European Commission supports research toward establishing a European experimental pilot line for electronic and optoelectronic devices based on graphene and related two-dimensional (2D) materials, the 2D Experimental Pilot Line (2D-EPL) project. Here, we report the experience of the first and third multi-project wafer (MPW) runs completed at the end of 2022 (MPW run 1) and 2023 (MPW run 3) as an outcome of the 2D-EPL. Test devices were measured across the wafers to assess the device quality and variability before delivering the dies to the customers. Raman spectroscopy confirmed minimal structural changes in the graphene caused by the fabrication process, while electrical measurements of two different device types verified the device specifications defined in the process design kit.
Ultrahigh Pressure Crystallographic Passage Toward Metallic Hydrogen
Authors: Mao Ho-Kwang , Ji Cheng , Li Bing , Luo Jie , Zhao Yongsheng , liu yuan , Glazyrin Konstantin , Björling Alexander , Marçal Lucas , Kahnt Maik , Kalbfleisch Sebastian , Liu Wenjun , Gao Yang , Wang Junyue , Mao Wendy , Liu Hanyu , Ma Yanming , Ding Yang , Yang Wenge 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Crystallographic evolution of hydrogen under multi-megabar compression is a key problem in condensed-matter physics and unsolved challenge for experimentalists and theoreticians. Although dozens of crystal structures have been proposed by theory, only one, the simple hexagonal-close-packed (hcp) structure, has been previously confirmed in experiments. Utilizing new-generation synchrotron nano-focused X-ray probes developed for micron-sized hydrogen crystals at pressures above 212 GPa, we are able to observe the transition from hcp H2 to a larger hexagonal supercell with lattice parameters expanding to √3✕a and 2✕c of hcp, in which the characteristic hcp peaks (1 0 0), (0 0 2), and (1 0 1) become (1 1 0), (0 0 4), and (1 1 2), respectively, and three new peaks, (1 0 1), (1 0 3), and (2 0 1), of the supercell appear. Theoretical calculations based on our XRD results found a time-averaged structure model in space group P6 ̅2c (190) with alternating layers of spherically disordered H2 molecules and ordered molecules toward a graphene-like atomic H network. Such a hexagonal supercell has not been reported by any previous theoretical study for post-hcp phase, but is close to a number of theoretical models with mixed-layer structures. The clear evidence of a structural transition beyond hcp marks the polymerization nature of molecular-to-atomic hydrogen transition.
Microstructure predicts motor outcomes following Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Loehrer Philipp Alexander , Freigang Julia , Bopp Miriam H. A. , Calvano Alexander , Dafsari Haidar S. , Wichmann Julius , Seidel Amelie , Aberle Carolin , Knake Susanne , Nimsky Christopher , Timmermann Lars , Belke Marcus , Pedrosa David J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) is an established treatment for both motor and non-motor symptoms in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). Outcomes, however, can vary significantly among patients. Therefore, neuroimaging markers, such as neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), a biophysical model-based MRI technique, have been proposed to predict clinical outcomes and aid in preoperative counselling. In this prospective open-label study, we aimed to identify microstructural metrics associated with short-term motor outcomes following STN-DBS in PD. Thirty-five patients underwent diffusion-weighted MRI and comprehensive clinical assessments before surgery and at a six-month follow-up postoperatively. Using a whole-brain voxel-wise approach, we explored associations between microstructural metrics and motor outcomes, adjusting for multiple comparisons employing permutation-based methods. Intact microstructure within the bilateral putamen, bilateral insula, and left pallidum were associated with a higher reduction in postoperative motor symptom burden. Furthermore, preserved microstructure in pre- and postcentral gyrus and right precuneus were associated with increases in time with good mobility and no troublesome dyskinesia as well as decreases in time with poor mobility. These findings suggest that diffusion weighted MRI can be a valuable tool in preoperative counselling by identifying patients who are likely to experience above- or below-average motor responses.