bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in instructional technologies used in education of people with special needs due to intellectual disability and autism
Authors: Kalemkuş Fatih 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to analyse trends in articles on the use of instructional technologies in the education of individuals with special needs, specifically those with mental disabilities and autism. The research was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement, and the studies were analysed through content analysis. Between 2015 and 2023, 452 articles were retrieved from ScienceDirect, Web of Science, SpringerLink, ERIC, Google Scholar, SOBIAD, Taylor & Francis and SCOPUS databases on the use of instructional technologies in the education of students with intellectual disabilities or autism. The analysis included 128 articles that met the research criteria. The research indicates that publications on instructional technologies for individuals diagnosed with intellectual disabilities were mostly published in 2019, 2020 and 2021. Among these technologies, technology‐supported learning and augmented reality were found to be the most preferred. These studies focused on the effects of instructional technologies on communication and social skills. They were mostly conducted on students aged 15–25. Publications for individuals diagnosed with autism were mostly published in 2022. These individuals have mostly preferred technology‐supported learning, virtual reality and robot‐assisted learning as instructional technologies. These studies focused on the effects of instructional technologies on communication and social skills in students aged 5–10.
Belgium: Political Developments and Data in 2023
Authors: BAUDEWYNS PIERRE , VANDELEENE AUDREY , WINTER LIEVEN DE , DERUETTE SERGE 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn the final full year ahead of the 2024 general elections, tensions within the Belgian federal government were as intense as they were since its inception. If the De Croo I large coalition had been able to present a united front in the face of the need to respond to the pandemic and the energy crisis in its first years, its fragile character emerged in 2023, but yet without breaking. No large reform was implemented as if the coalition parties were already more preoccupied with positioning themselves for the 2024 elections than achieving a pension, tax or institutional reform. After years of relative stability in terms of party leaders, several Belgian political parties held leadership elections in 2023 or decided to postpone them until after the general elections.
Pesticide regulatory heterogeneity, foreign sourcing, and global agricultural value chains
Authors: Fiankor Dela‐Dem Doe , Dalheimer Bernhard , Mack Gabriele 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRegulations on the production and consumption of goods are very heterogeneous across countries. Whereas the effects of regulations on exports are well known, the responses of importers to heterogeneous and frequently changing country‐specific regulations are not well understood. We combine Swiss firm‐level import customs transaction data with country‐product‐year‐specific maximum residue limits to investigate the effect of pesticide regulatory heterogeneity on firm‐level imports and assess the moderating role of firm size and global value chain participation. Relying on a global sourcing model, we find that regulatory heterogeneity reduces imports but less so in larger and diversified firms. Participating in global value chains also improves firms' flexibility toward heterogeneous regulation. Business diversification—although reducing the gains from trade and scale—could help firms cope with heterogeneous international regulations.
Effect of chronic periodontitis on the endothelial glycocalyx of rat penile corpus cavernosum
Authors: Xia Yuanhang , Zeng Yang , Jiang Rui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundChronic periodontitis may induce erectile dysfunction (ED), however, the specific mechanism involved is unclear. The endothelial glycocalyx (eGlx) is a structure that can regulate endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation on the cavity surface of vessels.AimTo investigate whether chronic periodontitis leads to ED by affecting the eGlx.MethodsTwenty‐four 4‐week‐old male Sprague‒Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6): the control group, chronic periodontitis group, chronic periodontitis + heparin group (subcutaneous heparin 200 U/kg/day, 7 days), and control + heparin group. Four weeks after the induction of periodontitis in the rats, the maximum intra‐cavernous pressure/mean arterial pressure (ICPmax/MAP), serum C‐reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), nitric oxide (NO), heparin sulfate (HS), syndecan‐1 (SDC‐1), heparanase (HPSE), eNOS, and phosphor‐eNOS (p‐eNOS) concentration were measured, and the eGlx of the penile corpus cavernosum was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).OutcomesChronic periodontitis can degrade eGlx on the rat penile corpus cavernosum by increasing serum CRP, TNF‐α, and IL‐6 levels, reducing the p‐eNOS/eNOS ratio and the NO concentration in the penile corpus cavernosum, and resulting in the inhibition of the erectile function.ResultsSerum CRP, TNF‐α, and IL‐6 levels and HPSE expression in penile cavernous tissue were significantly greater in the chronic periodontitis group than in the control group and the chronic periodontitis + heparin group (P < 0.05). The average thickness of the eGlx muscle in the penile corpus cavernosum in the chronic periodontitis group was significantly lower than those in the control group and chronic periodontitis + heparin group (P < 0.05). The HS concentration, SDC‐1 expression, p‐eNOS/eNOS, NO concentration, and ICPmax/MAP in the chronic periodontitis group were significantly lower than those in the control group and chronic periodontitis+ heparin group (P < 0.01).Clinical implicationsThe eGlx on penile cavernosum vessels may be a new therapeutic target for the treatment of ED.Strengths and limitationsThis study revealed that chronic periodontitis promotes the decomposition of vascular eGlx in the rat penile corpus cavernosum, however, it is not clear whether chronic periodontitis inhibits the synthesis of eGlx.ConclusionChronic periodontitis can degrade eGlx on the rat penile corpus cavernosum by increasing serum CRP, TNF‐α, and IL‐6 levels, reducing the p‐eNOS/eNOS ratio and the NO concentration in penile cavernous tissue, and resulting in the inhibition of the erectile function. Heparin inhibited eGlx decomposition and improved erectile function in rats with chronic periodontitis.
Aortic isthmus flow reversal in fetal coarctation of the aorta and the associated factors
Authors: Chen Guihong , Han Yongfeng , Sun Congxin , Xiang Wei , Zhao Wei , Zhou Pei , Yu Tianxiao , Chen Zhuo , Gao Bulang , Ge Shuping , Mi Jie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to investigate the presence of aortic isthmus flow reversal and its associated factors in fetuses with positive and false‐positive coarctation of the aorta (CoA) compared with normal controls.Material and MethodsPregnant women with fetuses suspected of CoA and normal control were enrolled, and these women experienced prenatal ultrasound scan and followed up for 6 months after birth to confirm the presence of CoA. All the ultrasound parameters were analyzed.ResultsA total of 134 pregnant women were enrolled, with 43 CoA‐positive fetuses and 91 CoA false‐positive fetuses, and 334 matched pregnant women were enrolled in the control group. Aortic isthmus flow reversal occurred in 28 (65.1%) fetuses in the CoA‐positive group, significantly (p < 0.05) more than in the false‐positive (37 or 40.7%) or control group (64 or 19.2%). Aortic isthmus flow reversal was mostly in the full systole (n = 17 or 60.7%) or late systole and early‐middle diastole (n = 10 or 35.7%) in the CoA‐positive fetuses (n = 27 or 96.4%), significantly (p < 0.001) different from that in the false‐positive or control group. The aortic isthmus flow reversal peak systolic velocity (PSV), flow volume, and ratio of reversed flow/forward flow were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the CoA‐positive and false‐positive groups than in the control group. The aortic isthmus flow reversal incidence was significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with the middle cerebral artery (MCA) PSV in the total three groups or in the false‐positive group but was significantly (p < 0001) negatively correlated with the MCA resistance index (RI) in the CoA‐positive group. The incidence of the aortic isthmus flow reversal was significantly (p < 0.05) positively correlated with the umbilical artery (UA) RI in the false‐positive group and with the UA RI in the total three groups. Independently associated factors for aortic isthmus flow reversal were isthmic flow volume/CCO (combined cardiac output) in the CoA‐positive group.ConclusionsReversal of flow in the aortic isthmus is much more common in true‐positive cases of CoA as compared to controls, and isthmic flow reversal in the full systolic phase only suggests presence of CoA. The aortic isthmic reversed flow volume accounts for over half of the isthmic forward flow volume in the CoA‐positive fetuses than in the normal controls.
Editorial: DoesESWL‐ERCPfor pancreatic duct stone removal change the natural course of symptomatic chronic calcific pancreatitis?
Authors: Kozarek Richard 
Published: September 2024

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Yiu et al papers. To view these articles, visithttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18224andhttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18284
The effect of down‐titration and discontinuation of heart failure pharmacotherapy in older people: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Duong Mai H. , Gnjidic Danijela , McLachlan Andrew J. , Redston Mitchell R. , Goyal Parag , Mathieson Stephanie , Hilmer Sarah N. 
Published: September 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate whether interventions to discontinue or down‐titrate heart failure (HF) pharmacotherapy are feasible and associated with risks in older people. A systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Electronic databases were searched from inception to 8 March 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies included people with HF, aged ≥50 years and who discontinued or down‐titrated HF pharmacotherapy. Outcomes were feasibility (whether discontinuation or down‐titration of HF pharmacotherapy was sustained at follow‐up) and associated risks (mortality, hospitalization, adverse drug withdrawal effects [ADWE]). Random‐effects meta‐analysis was performed when heterogeneity was not substantial (Higgins I2 < 70%). Sub‐analysis by frailty status was conducted. Six RCTs (536 participants) and 27 observational studies (810 499 participants) across six therapeutic classes were included, for 3–260 weeks follow‐up. RCTs were conducted in patients presenting with stable chronic HF. Down‐titrating a renin‐angiotensin system inhibitor (RASI) in patients with chronic kidney disease was 76% more likely than continuation (risk ratio [RR] 1.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14–2.73), with no difference in mortality (RR 0.64, 95% CI 0.30–1.64). Discontinuation of beta‐blockers were feasible compared to continuation in preserved ejection fraction (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.68–1.47). Participants were 25% more likely to re‐initiate discontinued diuretics (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.66–0.86). Digoxin discontinuation was associated with 5.5‐fold risk of hospitalization compared to continuation. Worsening HF was the most common ADWE. One observational study measured frailty but did not report outcomes by frailty status. The appropriateness and associated risks of down‐titrating or discontinuing HF pharmacotherapy in people aged ≥75 years is uncertain. Evaluation of outcomes by frailty status necessitates investigation.
The Anaesthetic Efficacy of Tetracaine and Oxymetazoline Compared With Co‐Phenylcaine in Healthy Individuals
Authors: Hale Samuel J. M. , Lengyel Olivia , Louis Deanna , Kim Raymond , Douglas Richard G. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesNasal anaesthetic‐decongestant sprays are commonly used prior to nasal instrumentation, such as flexible and rigid nasal endoscopy. Co‐phenylcaine (lignocaine 5%, phenylephrine 0.5%, ENT Technologies Pty Ltd., Melbourne, VIC, Australia) is a combination spray commonly used for this purpose. However, lignocaine is less potent than other local anaesthetics, and both active constituents of Co‐phenylcaine have a bitter taste. It was hypothesised that a combination spray containing tetracaine and oxymetazoline would both offer more potent topical anaesthesia and have a better taste.MethodsFour anaesthetic‐decongestant nasal sprays were tested in 10 healthy participants (Co‐phenylcaine, and tetracaine 0.5%, 1% and 2% with oxymetazoline 0.05%). Sensory thresholds were sequentially measured at the head of the inferior turbinate using Semmes‐Weinstein monofilaments over the following hour. Participants also rated taste on a Likert‐style scale, and reported whether they experienced subjective numbness of the maxillary teeth.ResultsA median peak sensory threshold of 60 g (the maximum tested) was observed with Co‐phenylcaine, but this threshold was exceeded by all the tetracaine‐based sprays. Tetracaine 2% with oxymetazoline 0.05% had a significantly more rapid onset than Co‐phenylcaine (4 min vs. 6 min, p < 0.05) and a longer duration of action. Eight participants reported dental numbness after administration of tetracaine 2% with oxymetazoline 0.05%, but only one participant after Co‐phenylcaine. Tetracaine‐based sprays were generally perceived to taste less unpleasant than Co‐phenylcaine.
ConclusionTetracaine 2% with oxymetazoline 0.05% is a more potent and rapidly acting anaesthetic‐decongestant spray than Co‐phenylcaine, with a longer duration of action.
Kleptoparasitism in seabirds—A potential pathway for global avian influenza virus spread
Authors: Gorta Simon B. Z. , Berryman Alex J. , Kingsford Richard T. , Klaassen Marcel , Clarke Rohan H. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWild birds have experienced unprecedented, near‐global mass mortalities since 2021, driven by outbreaks of high‐pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 lineage 2.3.4.4b. Managing this panzootic requires identification of transmission pathways. We investigated potential HPAIV transmission via kleptoparasitism (food theft) by examining the distribution, behaviors, and movements of two globally widespread and commonly kleptoparasitic seabird families: Fregatidae (frigatebirds) and Stercorariidae (skuas). These kleptoparasites force other seabirds (targets) to regurgitate food, which the kleptoparasite then ingests, potentially facilitating direct transfer of viral particles from target to kleptoparasite. Scavenging and predation probably contribute further to viral spread. Although frigatebirds use kleptoparasitism on a year‐round basis, skuas more commonly do so outside of the breeding season. Both frequently forage, disperse, or migrate across oceans and hemispheres. Dense aggregations of kleptoparasitic and target seabirds at breeding and/or roosting sites may facilitate the spread of HPAIV. In addition, the migration of these species could also facilitate broadscale geographic spread of HPAIV. Surveillance of kleptoparasites for HPAIVs could aid in early detection and may be important for seabird conservation.
Expanding Water Privatization in Mozambique: Producing Success, Reproducing Neoliberal Water
Authors: Büscher Chris 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThis article examines how and why water privatization has been in place for nearly three decades in Mozambique, expanding from cities to towns despite a lack of conclusive evidence of its merits. Drawing on primary data and secondary sources, the article argues that powerful actors driving water privatization in Mozambique ‘produced success’ out of what has been a messy and problematic process of implementing water privatization in cities in the 2000s. This strategy is cultural, in that actors constructed and mobilized a success narrative to legitimize the retention of water privatization in cities and to widen its spatial scope to towns. Yet, because water privatization in cities was not actually successful — quite the contrary — the retention and expansion of water privatization necessarily relied on a political economic process that buttressed this cultural production of success. That is, proponents expended power and resources in critical decision‐making moments to ensure water privatization and its underlying neoliberal water imaginary would be sustained, at the expense of alternative (post‐neoliberal) modes of water supply. As such, this article concludes that water privatization in Mozambique represents an exemplary case of neoliberal resilience.
The Political Economy of Land Reparations in South Africa
Authors: Pheko Lebohang Liepollo 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThis article examines white settler colonialism and racial capitalism as the primary mechanisms for the historical and ongoing land dispossession of Afrikan people in South Africa. It argues that by addressing land dispossession through land restitution, South Africa could begin to meaningfully address the ongoing impacts of settler colonial displacement of Afrikan people. It contends that land reparations are central not only to restorative physical and spatial justice but also to physical healing. The aim of this contribution is to historicize and herstoricize the South African land question; situate this within the context of racial capitalism and settler colonialism; provide a framing of the racialization and feminization of the land economy; and expound on the particularities of misogynoir and critical feminist theory in theorizing the acute land dispossession of Afrikan women. Situated within the Azanian School of thought, its essential contribution is the suggestion that land restoration is a necessary and meaningful reparative measure for South Africans.
Clinical utility and psychometric properties of tools for early detection of developmental concerns and disability in young children: A scoping review
Authors: Burgess Andrea , Luke Carly , Jackman Michelle , Wotherspoon Jane , Whittingham Koa , Benfer Katherine , Goodman Sarah , Caesar Rebecca , Nesakumar Tiffney , Bora Samudragupta , Honeyman David , Copplin Danielle , Reedman Sarah , Cairney John , Reid Natasha , Sakzewski Leanne , Boyd Roslyn N. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimTo explore the clinical utility and psychometric properties of standardized tools for the early detection of developmental concerns or disability in young children.MethodSystematic reviews and clinical practice guidelines containing psychometric data on tools appropriate for use with children from birth to 5 years 11 months were searched for in MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, and PsycINFO for the years 2000 to 2023, with no language restrictions.ResultsEighty‐six systematic reviews and six clinical practice guidelines guided identification of tools. A total of 246 tools were identified across domains of neurological, motor, cognition, communication/language, social–emotional, sensory processing, and/or specific diagnostic conditions of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, developmental coordination disorder, and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. After critical evaluation, 67 tools were included in the recommendations. Recommendations for screening and diagnostic assessment tools were based on best available evidence for predictive and discriminative validity, diagnostic accuracy, together with consideration of resource use and accessibility.InterpretationThis comprehensive scoping review provides recommendations on the best tools for primary care, medical, allied health professionals, nursing, and other health workers to detect and identify developmental concerns or disability in young children using evidence‐based tools.
Treatment trajectories for Danish individuals with type 2 diabetes in the era of emerging glucose‐lowering therapies
Authors: Pottegård Anton , Andersen Jacob H. , Søndergaard Jens , Rasmussen Lotte , Kildegaard Helene , Vilsbøll Tina , Thomsen Reimar W. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimTo analyse patterns of glucose‐lowering therapies among people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Denmark from 2016 to 2023.Materials and MethodsWe examined time trends in the clinical profiles of people with T2D who initiated different glucose‐lowering therapy classes for the first time. We furthermore investigated individual‐level treatment trajectories following first‐ever glucose‐lowering therapy in people with or without cardiorenal disease. The study utilized data from the nationwide Danish health registries and included all individuals who filled a first‐ever prescription for metformin, dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs), sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT‐2is) or insulin, excluding those without HbA1c‐confirmed T2D or probable type 1 diabetes.ResultsWe included 260 393 individuals initiating a new glucose‐lowering therapy class from 2016 to 2023, during which there were 6‐ and 3‐fold increases in initiators of GLP‐1RAs and SGLT‐2is, respectively. The median HbA1c level at treatment initiation with GLP‐1RAs or SGLT‐2is decreased, from 67‐68 mmol/mol in 2016‐2017 to 57‐58 mmol/mol in 2022‐2023. Among individuals who initiated metformin as first‐line therapy, the proportion who started additional glucose‐lowering therapy within 2 years increased from 25% in 2016 to 40% in 2021. Among the 38% of individuals who had established cardiorenal disease when they initiated first‐ever glucose‐lowering therapy in 2020, 22% used SGLT‐2is and 18% GLP‐1RAs after 2.5 years, compared with 17% and 21% among initiators without cardiorenal disease, respectively.ConclusionsOur study documents a trend towards earlier T2D treatment intensification and an increase in the use of GLP‐1RAs and SGLT‐2is in Denmark. However, optimal T2D treatment is still not received by most individuals with early T2D and established cardiorenal disease.
Associations between cuprotosis‐related genes and the spectrum of metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease: An exploratory study
Authors: Yuan Hai‐Yang , Liu Wen‐Yue , Feng Gong , Chen Sui‐Dan , Jin Xin‐Zhe , Chen Li‐Li , Song Zi‐Jun , Li Ke , Byrne Christopher D. , Targher Giovanni , Tian Na , Li Gang , Zhang Xin‐Lei , George Jacob , Zhou Meng , Wang Fudi , Zheng Ming‐Hua 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimsTo explore the associations between cuprotosis‐related genes (CRGs) across different stages of liver disease in metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Materials and MethodsWe analysed several bulk RNA sequencing datasets from patients with MAFLD (n = 331) and MAFLD‐related HCC (n = 271) and two MAFLD single‐cell RNA sequencing datasets. To investigate the associations between CRGs and MAFLD, we performed differential correlation, logistic regression and functional enrichment analyses. We also validated the findings in an independent Wenzhou PERSONS cohort of MAFLD patients (n = 656) used for a genome‐wide association study (GWAS).ResultsGLS, GCSH and ATP7B genes showed significant differences across the MAFLD spectrum and were significantly associated with liver fibrosis stages. GLS was closely associated with fibrosis stages in patients with MAFLD and those with MAFLD‐related HCC. GLS is predominantly expressed in monocytes and T cells in MAFLD. During the progression of metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver to metabolic‐associated steatohepatitis, GLS expression in T cells decreased. GWAS revealed that multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms in GLS were associated with clinical indicators of MAFLD.ConclusionsGLS may contribute to liver inflammation and fibrosis in MAFLD mainly through cuprotosis and T‐cell activation, promoting the progression of MAFLD to HCC. These findings suggest that cuprotosis may play a role in MAFLD progression, potentially providing new insights into MAFLD pathogenesis.