bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining the effect of vein visualization technology on donation success, vasovagal symptoms, anxiety and intention to re‐donate in whole blood donors aged 18–30 years: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Waller D. , Mondy P. , Brama T. , Fisher J. , King A. , Malkov K. , Wall‐Smith D. , Ryan L. , Irving D. O. 
Published: May 2016

Background and objectivesVein visualization technology (VVT) devices use near‐infrared light to assist location of peripheral veins. The current study investigated the impact of VVT on donor experience and collection success for young blood donors at the Australian Red Cross Blood Service.Materials and MethodsThe study in donors aged 18 to 30 years used a two intervention to one control randomized trial design with 285 new and 587 returning donors recruited at two sites. Donors reported presyncopal symptoms, phlebotomy pain, anxiety and intentions to redonate along with other measures. Participating phlebotomists rated usefulness of the technology. Flow rates, collection volumes and other donation information were taken from routine data.ResultsNo significant differences were found between control and intervention groups on presyncopal symptoms, phlebotomy pain, anxiety, intentions to redonate, flow rates, collection volumes or vasovagal reactions (all P's > 0·05). Phlebotomist ratings of VVT were significantly more positive when they had less than 5 years of experience (P < 0·01) or when the vein was not visible to the naked eye (P < 0·01).ConclusionsResults suggest that VVT does not improve the donation experience for younger blood donors. Staff reports indicate that VVT may have some utility for assisting with difficult phlebotomies.
Noise power spectrum of the fixed pattern noise in digital radiography detectors
Authors: Kim Dong Sik , Kim Eun 
Published: May 2016

Purpose:The fixed pattern noise in radiography image detectors is caused by various sources. Multiple readout circuits with gate drivers and charge amplifiers are used to efficiently acquire the pixel voltage signals. However, the multiple circuits are not identical and thus yield nonuniform system gains. Nonuniform sensitivities are also produced from local variations in the charge collection elements. Furthermore, in phosphor‐based detectors, the optical scattering at the top surface of the columnar CsI growth, the grain boundaries, and the disorder structure causes spatial sensitivity variations. These nonuniform gains or sensitivities cause fixed pattern noise and degrade the detector performance, even though the noise problem can be partially alleviated by using gain correction techniques. Hence, in order to develop good detectors, comparative analysis of the energy spectrum of the fixed pattern noise is important.Methods:In order to observe the energy spectrum of the fixed pattern noise, a normalized noise power spectrum (NNPS) of the fixed pattern noise is considered in this paper. Since the fixed pattern noise is mainly caused by the nonuniform gains, we call the spectrum the gain NNPS. We first asymptotically observe the gain NNPS and then formulate two relationships to calculate the gain NNPS based on a nonuniform‐gain model. Since the gain NNPS values are quite low compared to the usual NNPS, measuring such a low NNPS value is difficult. By using the average of the uniform exposure images, a robust measuring method for the gain NNPS is proposed in this paper.Results:By using the proposed measuring method, the gain NNPS curves of several prototypes of general radiography and mammography detectors were measured to analyze their fixed pattern noise properties. We notice that a direct detector, which is based on the a‐Se photoconductor, showed lower gain NNPS than the indirect‐detector case, which is based on the CsI scintillator. By comparing the gain NNPS curves of the indirect detectors, we could analyze the scintillator properties depending on the techniques for the scintillator surface processing.Conclusions:A robust measuring method for the NNPS of the fixed pattern noise of a radiography detector is proposed in this paper. The method can measure a stable gain NNPS curve, even though the fixed pattern noise level is quite low. From the measured gain NNPS curves, we can compare and analyze the detector properties in terms of producing the fixed pattern noise.
Frailty Trajectories After Treatment for Coronary Artery Disease in Older Patients
Authors: Freiheit Elizabeth A. , Hogan David B. , Patten Scott B. , Wunsch Hannah , Anderson Todd , Ghali William A. , Knudtson Merril , Maxwell Colleen J. 
Published: May 2016

Background—
Frailty is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular outcomes. However, its trajectory after coronary artery disease treatment is unknown.

Methods and Results—

Three hundred seventy-four patients undergoing nonemergent cardiac catheterization followed by treatment (ie, 128 coronary artery bypass graft [CABG], 150 percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI], 96 medical therapy only) were observed for 30 months. A frailty index (FI) score was calculated at baseline (before initial treatment) and 6, 12, and 30 months after treatment. Random-effects models compared FI score trajectories by sex, age, and treatment group. Mean baseline FI scores were 0.170, 0.154, and 0.154 for CABG, PCI, and medical therapy only, respectively. FI scores decreased (improved) 6 months after initial treatment, then increased (worsened) at 12 and 30 months (
P
<0.001 for differences over time). Women had nonsignificantly higher FI scores than men (
P
=0.097) but followed the same trajectory (
P
=0.352 for differences over time). In patients aged ≥75 years, FI scores increased postbaseline for CABG and medical therapy only and after 6 months for PCI patients. Patients <75 years assigned to PCI and CABG experienced a sustained frailty reduction, whereas those assigned to medical therapy only showed stable frailty over the 30-month follow-up period (
P
value for differences over time by age and treatment group=0.041).

Conclusions—
With coronary artery disease treatment, frailty generally follows a U-shaped trajectory, but the pattern may differ by age and treatment. Further investigation is needed to confirm these observations and determine whether patients might benefit from consideration of frailty status.
Admission Heart Rate Predicts Poor Outcomes in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Qiu Miaoyan , Sato Shoichiro , Zheng Danni , Wang Xia , Carcel Cheryl , Hirakawa Yoichiro , Sandset Else C. , Delcourt Candice , Arima Hisatomi , Wang Jiguang , Chalmers John , Anderson Craig S. 
Published: May 2016

Background and Purpose—
Faster heart rate predicts higher mortality in coronary heart disease and acute ischemic stroke, but its prognostic significance in intracerebral hemorrhage remains uncertain. We aimed to determine the effect of admission heart rate on clinical and imaging outcomes in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.

Methods—
A post hoc pooled analysis of the pilot and main phases of the Intensive Blood Pressure Reduction in Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage Trial (INTERACT 1 and 2). Clinical outcomes were mortality and modified Rankin Scale score at 90 days; and imaging outcome was absolute growth in hematoma volume during the initial 24 hours. Patients were divided into 4 categories according to baseline heart rate (<65, 65–74, 75–84, and ≥85 bpm) and analyzed using multivariable adjusted models with the lowest heart rate group as the reference.

Results—

Of 3185 patients with available data, higher admission heart rate was associated with both mortality and worse modified Rankin Scale score: adjusted hazard ratio for heart rate (≥85 versus <65 bpm) 1.50 (95% confidence interval, 1.07–2.11) and adjusted odds ratio 1.33 (95% confidence interval, 1.08–1.63), respectively (both
P
-trend <0.05). There was no significant relationship between heart rate and absolute growth in hematoma volume (
P
-trend, 0.196).

Conclusions—
Higher admission heart rate is independently associated with death and poor functional outcome after acute intracerebral hemorrhage.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00226096 and NCT00716079.
Determinants and Outcomes of Stroke Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention by Indication
Authors: Myint Phyo Kyaw , Kwok Chun Shing , Roffe Christine , Kontopantelis Evangelos , Zaman Azfar , Berry Colin , Ludman Peter F. , de Belder Mark A. , Mamas Mamas A. 
Published: May 2016

Background and Purpose—
Stroke after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a serious complication, but its determinants and outcomes after PCI in different clinical settings are poorly documented.

Methods—
The British Cardiovascular Intervention Society (BCIS) database was used to study 560 439 patients who underwent PCI in England and Wales between 2006 and 2013. We examined procedural-type specific determinants of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke and the likelihood of subsequent 30-day mortality and in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events (a composite of in-hospital mortality, myocardial infarction or reinfarction, and repeat revascularization).

Results—
A total of 705 stroke cases were recorded (80% ischemic). Stroke after an elective PCI or PCI for acute coronary syndrome indications was associated with a higher risk of adverse outcomes compared with those without stroke; 30-day mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events outcomes in fully adjusted model were odds ratios 37.90 (21.43–67.05) and 21.05 (13.25–33.44) for elective and 5.00 (3.96–6.31) and 6.25 (5.03–7.77) for acute coronary syndrome, respectively. Comparison of odds of these outcomes between these 2 settings showed no differences; corresponding odds ratios were 1.24 (0.64–2.43) and 0.63 (0.35–1.15), respectively.

Conclusions—
Hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke complications are uncommon, but serious complications can occur after PCI and are independently associated with worse mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events outcomes in both the elective and acute coronary syndrome setting irrespective of stroke type. Our study provides a better understanding of the risk factors and prognosis of stroke after PCI by procedure type, allowing physicians to provide more informed advice around stroke risk after PCI and counsel patients and their families around outcomes if such neurological complications occur.
Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque Characteristics on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Relate With History of Stroke and Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Selwaness Mariana , Bos Daniel , van den Bouwhuijsen Quirijn , Portegies Marileen L.P. , Ikram M. Arfan , Hofman Albert , Franco Oscar H. , van der Lugt Aad , Wentzel Jolanda J. , Vernooij Meike W. 
Published: May 2016

Background and Purpose—
Because atherosclerosis is a systemic disease, presence and composition on 1 location may relate to ischemic events in distant locations. We examined whether carotid atherosclerotic wall thickness, stenosis, and plaque composition are related to history of ischemic stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD).

Methods—
From the population-based Rotterdam Study, 1731 asymptomatic participants (mean age, 72.4±9.1 years; 55% males) underwent magnetic resonance imaging of both carotid arteries. We assessed carotid wall thickness, stenosis and plaque composition, that is presence of intraplaque hemorrhage, lipid, and calcification. History of ischemic stroke and CHD was assessed until date of magnetic resonance imaging. The study was approved by the institutional review board, and all participants gave informed consent. Logistic regression analyses adjusted for age and traditional cardiovascular risk factors were used to study sex-specific associations between plaque characteristics and clinical events.

Results—
We found that both carotid stenosis and intraplaque hemorrhage were associated with ischemic stroke in men but not in women (men: odds ratio [OR] for stenosis [per 10% increase]: 1.17 [95% CI, 1.06–1.30] and for intraplaque hemorrhage 2.39 [95% CI, 1.32–4.35]). In both men and women, carotid stenosis was associated with CHD (men: OR per 10% increase 1.12 [95% CI, 1.04–1.21] and women: OR, 1.17 [95% CI, 1.03–1.34]) and carotid wall thickness was associated with CHD (men: OR, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.03–1.39] and women: OR, 1.21 [95% CI, 0.88–1.65]). None of the plaque components was associated with CHD.

Conclusions—
Whereas carotid plaque thickness and stenosis are associated with the history of ischemic stroke and CHD, carotid intraplaque hemorrhage is associated with ischemic stroke, but not with CHD, providing novel insights into the pathogenesis of cardiovascular events.
Neural Mechanisms Underlying Compensatory and Noncompensatory Strategies in Risky Choice
Authors: Van Duijvenvoorde Anna C. K. , Figner Bernd , Weeda Wouter D. , Van der Molen Maurits W. , Jansen Brenda R. J. , Huizenga Hilde M. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Individuals may differ systematically in their applied decision strategies, which has critical implications for decision neuroscience but is yet scarcely studied. Our study's main focus was therefore to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying compensatory versus noncompensatory strategies in risky choice. Here, we compared people using a compensatory expected value maximization with people using a simplified noncompensatory loss-minimizing choice strategy. To this end, we used a two-choice paradigm including a set of “simple”
Task-specific Aspects of Goal-directed Word Generation Identified via Simultaneous EEG–fMRI
Authors: Shapira-Lichter Irit , Klovatch Ilana , Nathan Dana , Oren Noga , Hendler Talma 
Published: May 2016

AbstractGenerating words according to a given rule relies on retrieval-related search and postretrieval control processes. Using fMRI, we recently characterized neural patterns of word generation in response to episodic, semantic, and phonemic cues by comparing free recall of wordlists, category fluency, and letter fluency [Shapira-Lichter, I., Oren, N., Jacob, Y., Gruberger, M., & Hendler, T. Portraying the unique contribution of the default mode network to internally driven mnemonic processes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A., 110, 4950–4955, 2013]. Distinct selectivity for each condition was evident, representing discrete aspects of word generation-related memory retrieval. For example, the precuneus, implicated in processing spatiotemporal information, emerged as a key contributor to the episodic condition, which uniquely requires this information. Gamma band is known to play a central role in memory, and increased gamma power has been observed before word generation. Yet, gamma modulation in response to task demands has not been investigated. To capture the task-specific modulation of gamma power, we analyzed the EEG data recorded simultaneously with the aforementioned fMRI, focusing on the activity locked to and immediately preceding word articulation. Transient increases in gamma power were identified in a parietal electrode immediately before episodic and semantic word generation, however, within a different time frame relative to articulation. Gamma increases were followed by an alpha-theta decrease in the episodic condition, a gamma decrease in the semantic condition. This pattern indicates a task-specific modulation of the gamma signal corresponding to the specific demands of each word generation task. The gamma power and fMRI signal from the precuneus were correlated during the episodic condition, implying the existence of a common cognitive construct uniquely required for this task, possibly the reactivation or processing of spatiotemporal information.
Neural Correlates of Word Recognition: A Systematic Comparison of Natural Reading and Rapid Serial Visual Presentation
Authors: Kornrumpf Benthe , Niefind Florian , Sommer Werner , Dimigen Olaf 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Neural correlates of word recognition are commonly studied with (rapid) serial visual presentation (RSVP), a condition that eliminates three fundamental properties of natural reading: parafoveal preprocessing, saccade execution, and the fast changes in attentional processing load occurring from fixation to fixation. We combined eye-tracking and EEG to systematically investigate the impact of all three factors on brain-electric activity during reading. Participants read lists of words either actively with eye movements (eliciting fixation-related potentials) or maintained fixation while the text moved passively through foveal vision at a matched pace (RSVP-with-flankers paradigm, eliciting ERPs). The preview of the upcoming word was manipulated by changing the number of parafoveally visible letters. Processing load was varied by presenting words of varying lexical frequency. We found that all three factors have strong interactive effects on the brain's responses to words: Once a word was fixated, occipitotemporal N1 amplitude decreased monotonically with the amount of parafoveal information available during the preceding fixation; hence, the N1 component was markedly attenuated under reading conditions with preview. Importantly, this preview effect was substantially larger during active reading (with saccades) than during passive RSVP with flankers, suggesting that the execution of eye movements facilitates word recognition by increasing parafoveal preprocessing. Lastly, we found that the N1 component elicited by a word also reflects the lexical processing load imposed by the previously inspected word. Together, these results demonstrate that, under more natural conditions, words are recognized in a spatiotemporally distributed and interdependent manner across multiple eye fixations, a process that is mediated by active motor behavior.
Predictors of Failed and Delayed Decannulation after Head and Neck Surgery
Authors: Isaac Andre , Zhang Han , Varshney Samarth , Hamilton Stefan , Harris Jeffrey R. , O’Connell Daniel A. , Biron Vincent L. , Seikaly Hadi 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveTo determine the variables that are predictive of failed decannulation (FD), delayed decannulation (DD), and days to decannulation in patients who underwent head and neck cancer resection with free tissue transfer reconstruction for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary care otolaryngology–head and neck surgery referral center.Subject and MethodsPatients (N = 108) were included who underwent head and neck cancer resection with free tissue transfer reconstruction and tracheostomy between 2011 and June 2014. Patients with laryngectomy, previous tracheostomy, and other airway pathology necessitating tracheotomy were excluded. Preoperative patient variables and cancer site/staging variables were analyzed, as well as extent of structures resected and type of reconstruction. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic and Cox regression analyses were used to determine predictors of FD and DD. Cox regression analysis was used to determine predictors of days to decannulation.ResultsOf the 108 included patients, 16 had FD, and 26 had DD. Univariate analysis demonstrated that advanced stage (r = 0.233, P =. 021), total glossectomy (r = 0.924, P <. 001), anterolateral thigh flap reconstruction (r = 0.906, P <. 001), smoking at time of surgery (r = 0.319, P =. 002), and pack years (r = 0.322, P =. 001) were associated with FD. Cox regression analysis showed that total glossectomy, exp(B) = 15.837 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.949‐128.679); anterolateral thigh flap reconstruction, exp(B) = 8.439 (95% CI: 2.435‐29.620); and smoking status, exp(B) = 2.970 (95% CI: 1.617‐5.456) were independent predictors of days to decannulation and FD.ConclusionsPatients with total glossectomy defects and those who continue to smoke are at increased risk for FD and DD. Aggressive smoking cessation programs may decrease the risk of FD and DD. Patients should be counseled about their risk profiles.
Mini-invasive high-tie by clip apposition versus crossectomy by ligature: Long-term outcomes and review of the available therapeutic options
Authors: Gianesini Sergio , Menegatti Erica , Malagoni Anna Maria , Occhionorelli Savino , Zamboni Paolo 
Published: May 2016

Objective The aim of the present study is to compare a mini-invasive (smaller than 2-cm incision) sapheno-femoral high-tie by clip apposition (HT group) with a traditional high-ligation by ligature (HL group). Methods One hundred fifty chronic venous disease patients were included in group HT and compared with 150 cases constituting the group HL. The main outcome was the sonographic detection of saphenous trunk recurrences. Procedural pain, esthetic satisfaction, and disease specific quality of life were assessed. Results At 4.5 ± 2.4 years follow-up, 8 cases (5.3%) of Great Saphenous Vein reflux reappearance were reported in group HT vs. 19 cases (12.6%) (odds ratio: 2.6; 95% confidence interval: 1.1–6.1; P = 0.04) of group HL. Esthetic satisfaction was scored as high and very high in group HT and HL, respectively (P < .0001). Conclusions Proper high-ligation technique provides satisfying outcomes both in terms of recurrence rate and patient esthetic satisfaction. The different outcomes obtained by the two groups encourage further investigations regarding recurrence pathogenesis.
Epidemiology of High School Sports-Related Injuries Resulting in Medical Disqualification
Authors: Tirabassi Jill , Brou Lina , Khodaee Morteza , Lefort Roxanna , Fields Sarah K. , Comstock R. Dawn 
Published: May 2016

Background: Although rare, season- or career-ending injuries in young athletes are concerning because they can result in time lost from sport participation and school, social costs, and economic costs of medical care. Purpose: To describe rates and patterns of medically disqualifying (MDQ) injuries among United States high school athletes overall and by sport, sex, type of athletic activity, and mechanism. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Methods: Sports-related injury data on high school athletes were collected during the 2005-2006 through 2013-2014 academic years from a large national sample of United States high schools via High School Reporting Information Online (RIO). MDQ injuries were defined as season- or career-ending injuries. Results: From 2005-2006 through 2013-2014, High School RIO captured 59,862 total injuries including 3599 MDQ injuries (6.0% of all injuries). Most MDQ injuries (60.4%) occurred in competition. Football had the highest injury rate (26.5 per 100,000 athlete-exposures), followed by gymnastics (18.6) and wrestling (17.9). MDQ injury rates were higher among girls in the sex-comparable sports of basketball (rate ratio [RR], 1.6; 95% CI, 1.3-2.0), cross-country (RR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.0-7.5), soccer (RR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.3-1.9), and track and field (RR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.7-4.0). Player-player contact (48.2%) was the most common MDQ injury mechanism. The most commonly injured body site was the knee (33.7%). The most common MDQ injury diagnosis was sprains/strains (35.9%); the most common specific MDQ injury was knee sprains/strains (25.4%), with the anterior cruciate ligament being the most commonly injured knee structure. Among boys, fracture was the most common diagnosis in 3 sports, and sprain/strain was the most common in 6 sports. Among girls, sprain/strain was the most common diagnosis in 9 sports, and fracture was the most common only in softball. Conclusion: MDQ injuries vary by sport, sex, and type of athletic activity and occur most frequently as a result of player-player contact. These findings should prompt additional research into the development, implementation, and evaluation of targeted injury prevention efforts.