bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross‐sectional study of anal intraepithelial lesions in women with cervical neoplasia without HIV
Authors: Heráclio Sandra A. , de Souza Alex S.R. , de Souza Paulo R.E. , Katz Leila , Lima Junior Sergio F. , Amorim Melania M.R. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence of anal intraepithelial lesions and associated risk factors in women with cervical neoplasia.MethodsThe present cross‐sectional study enrolled patients with intraepithelial or invasive cervical neoplasia who had been referred to the lower genital tract pathology outpatient department of the Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira, Recife, Brazil, between December 1, 2008, and December 31, 2009; patients with HIV infections were excluded. All participants underwent anal cytology and high‐resolution anoscopy; sociodemographic and clinical risk factors were identified using multivariate analysis.ResultsThere were 324 patients included and 37 (11.4%) had anal intraepithelial neoplasia. Factors associated with anal intraepithelial neoplasia in the multivariate analysis were being older than 35 years of age (P=0.002), having completed no more than 4 years of education (P=0.012), anomalous anal cytology (P=0.003), and anomalous high‐resolution anoscopy findings (P<0.001); subclinical HPV lesions on vulvoscopy (P=0.057) were not associated with anal intraepithelial neoplasia.ConclusionThe prevalence of anal intraepithelial neoplasia was high among patients with cervical neoplasia who did not have HIV, particularly patients older than 35 years.
Highly active antiretroviral therapy and cervical cytologic abnormalities among women with HIV infection in a limited‐resource setting
Authors: Ugboaja Joseph O. , Oguejiofor Charlotte Blanche , Ogelle Onyecherelam M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the relationship between highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and cervical cytologic abnormalities among women with HIV infection.MethodsA cross‐sectional prospective study was undertaken of 110 women attending an HIV clinic in Nnewi, Nigeria, between January 2016 and January 2017. A cervical smear was obtained. A bivariate analysis was undertaken, and multiple logistic regression models were used to identify factors independently associated with cervical cytologic analysis.ResultsCervical cytologic abnormalities were identified in 31 (28.2%) participants. On bivariate analysis, use of HAART for 2–5 years was associated with a reduction in the risk of cervical cytologic abnormalities (P=0.033), and this risk was further reduced when HAART was taken for more than 5 years (P<0.001). Other factors that significantly reduced risk of cervical cytologic abnormalities included a CD4 count of 300 cells per mL or more (P<0.001), age 30 years or older (P<0.001), and time since HIV diagnosis of more than 5 years (P=0.021). On multivariate analysis, risk of cervical cytologic abnormalities among the women were significantly reduced by use of HAART for more than 5 years (P=0.032) and CD4 count of 300 cells per mL or more (P<0.001).ConclusionLong‐term use of HAART and CD4 count of 300 cells per mL or more were associated with a reduced risk of cervical cytologic abnormalities.
COMMENTARY ON FATHERS’ PLAY: MEASUREMENT, CONCEPTUALIZATION, CULTURE, AND CONNECTIONS WITH CHILD DEVELOPMENT
Authors: MajdandžIć Mirjana 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTThe diverse set of studies in this special issue on fathers' play includes empirical research from several countries, observational measures of play, and multiple children's outcomes, including language, negativity, social competence, aggression and internalizing problems. The chief conclusion across studies is that the role of paternal play is important in various domains of child development. This is encouraging, yet also disturbing given the results of the State of the World's Fathers: Time for Action report 2017, revealing the low amount of care fathers provide to their children worldwide, relative to mothers. In this commentary, the measurement and conceptualization of play are discussed, as well as cultural considerations regarding the meaning and consequences of play. The findings of the studies are integrated in order to guide future research, addressing what domains of child development appear to be influenced by what types of paternal play, and discussing the contexts that affect paternal play. Lastly, the collective results are related to recent efforts to increase fathers' involvement and implications for interventions are discussed.
MOTHER–CHILD AND FATHER–CHILD PLAY INTERACTION: THE IMPORTANCE OF PARENTAL PLAYFULNESS AS A MODERATOR OF THE LINKS BETWEEN PARENTAL BEHAVIOR AND CHILD NEGATIVITY
Authors: Menashe‐Grinberg Atara , Atzaba‐Poria Naama 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTBased on the premise that father–child play is an important context for children's development and that fathers “specialize” in play, similarities and differences in the role of playfulness in the father–child and mother–child relationship were examined. Participants in this study included 111 families (children's age: 1–3 years). Father–child and mother–child play interactions were videotaped and coded for parental playfulness, sensitivity, structuring, and nonintrusiveness as well as child negativity. Results indicated that mothers and fathers did not differ in playfulness and that mothers and fathers who were higher in playfulness had children with lower levels of negativity. However, playfulness differently moderated the links between parents’ and children's behaviors for mothers and fathers. A double‐risk pattern was found for mothers, such that the links between child negativity and maternal sensitivity, structuring, and nonintrusiveness were significant only for the subgroup of mothers with low levels of playfulness. When mothers had high levels of playfulness, these effects were negligible. For fathers, a double‐buffer pattern was revealed, indicating that the links between child negativity and paternal sensitivity and structuring were significant only for fathers with high levels of playfulness. When fathers had low levels of playfulness, these effects were negligible. These findings demonstrate the important role that parental playfulness has on parent–child interaction as well as the need to examine moderation patterns separately for fathers and mothers.
Controlled release of paclitaxel using a drug‐eluting stent through modulation of the size of drug particles in vivo
Authors: Jang Bu Nam , Kang Sung Nam , Eom Tae‐Gwan , Han Dong Keun , An Sang‐Hyun , Noh Insup , Kum Chang Hun 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDrug‐eluting stents (DESs) are generally used in percutaneous coronary intervention. Paclitaxel (PTX) is widely used in DESs to suppress neointima, which causes restenosis. However, the PTX release profile is slow owing to its hydrophobic properties, resulting in negative effects on re‐endothelialization in vessels. In this study, we assessed the effects of the controlled release of PTX particles of specific sizes on in‐stent restenosis (ISR). PTX particle sizes were controlled by adjusting the evaporating temperature of the solvent from 25 to 80°C during ultrasonic coating, and DESs were prepared. The properties of prepared films and DESs were analyzed, and cell viability was assessed in vitro and in vivo. Poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA)/PTX500‐loaded stents showed the most rapid release for 58 days, and smaller drug particles exhibited lower PTX release rates. In vivo, PLGA/PTX50‐, PLGA/PTX250‐, and PLGA/PTX500‐loaded stents showed good efficacy for alleviating ISR as compared with bare metal stents and PLGA/PTX5‐loaded stents. However, PLGA/PTX250‐ and PLGA/PTX500‐loaded stents exhibited strut exposure and reduced recovery of the vascular compared with PLGA/PTX50‐loaded stents. PTX drug particles of approximately 50 nm were most effective in vivo, and the control of particle size is a promising strategy for improving the performance of PTX‐eluting stents. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2275–2283, 2018.
Multiperforated atrial septal “aneurysm in aneurysm”: Percutaneous closure guided by real‐time three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography
Authors: Sun Feifei , Fan Miao , Li Ying , Ren Weidong , Chen Yanli 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAtrial septal aneurysm (ASA) is a localized deformity of the interatrial septum, which protrudes into the right and/or left atrium. ASA with defects is a source of cardiac embolism. Although transcatheter closure is now a common procedure, it is still challenging in patients with complicated ASA. We describe a case of giant atypical multiperforated ASA with irregular mobility, which showed a rare “aneurysm in aneurysm” structure. Real‐time three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography showed vivid images, which clearly demonstrated these irregular shaped defects mimicking the atriotomy view, and played a crucial role in guiding the transcatheter closure.
Absence of neurocognitive disadvantage associated with paediatric HIV subtype A infection in children on antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Bangirana Paul , Ruel Theodore D , Boivin Michael J , Pillai Satish K , Giron Leila B , Sikorskii Alla , Banik Asish , Achan Jane 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIntroductionInfection with HIV subtype A has been associated with poorer neurocognitive outcomes compared to HIV subtype D in Ugandan children not eligible for antiretroviral therapy (ART). In this study, we sought to determine whether subtype‐specific differences are also observed among children receiving ART.Materials and MethodsChildren were recruited from a clinical trial in which they were randomized to receive either lopinavir (LPV)‐ or non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)‐ based ART (NCT00978068). Age at initiation of ART ranged from six months to six years. HIV subtype was determined by PCR amplification and population sequencing of the pol region derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cell DNA, followed by application of the REGA and Recombinant Identification Programme algorithms. General cognition was assessed using the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (Second Edition), attention using the Test of Variables of Attention, and motor skills using the Bruininks‐Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (Second Edition). Home environment was assessed using the Home Observation for the Measurement of the Environment (HOME). Age‐adjusted test z‐scores were entered into a regression model that adjusted for sex, socio‐economic status score, HOME score, years of schooling, and ART treatment type.ResultsOne hundred and five children were tested; median (interquartile range) age was 7.05 years (6.30 to 8.44), CD4 count was 867.7 cells/mm3 (416.0 to 1203.5), and duration on ART was 4.03 years (3.55 to 4.23). Seventy‐eight children had HIV subtype A and 27 had subtype D; the groups had comparable home and socio‐economic status, except that there were more males among children infected with subtype A than D (64.7% vs. 35.3%, p = 0.02). There were no differences between the subtypes in general cognition (estimated mean difference: 0.20; 95% CI: −0.11 to 0.50); p = 0.21), attention (−0.18, 95% CI: −0.60 to 0.24, p = 0.41) and motor skills (1.60, 95% CI: −0.84 to 4.04, p = 0.20).ConclusionsOur results imply that ART may diminish the neurocognitive disadvantage seen in treatment‐naïve HIV‐infected children with subtype A.
Astatine
Authors: Meyer Geerd‐J 
Published: October 2017

This educational review describes and summarizes the historic discovery of element 85, the experiments leading to its physical and chemical characterization and comparison with its lighter homologue iodine. The half‐lives of its longest living isotopes 210At and 211At with 8.3 and 7.22 hours respectively together with their alpha decay characteristics made these isotopes interesting for radiation biological research. However, the lack of stable isotopes of astatine presents a strong challenge for all characterizations. Nevertheless, the decay characteristics especially of 211At stimulated several research groups to develop labelling strategies for the preparation of astatinated radiopharmaceuticals for targeted alpha radiation therapy. Because of the distinct differences in the chemical behaviour of astatine, when compared with iodine, these approaches are quite challenging. Accordingly, quite different labelling strategies have been tested, namely nucleophilic and electrophilic substitution reactions as well as complex forming strategies. Classic and new developments for the preparation of these compounds are reviewed.
Probabilistic tractography‐based thalamic parcellation in healthy newborns and newborns with congenital heart disease
Authors: Jaimes Camilo , Cheng Henry H. , Soul Janet , Ferradal Silvina , Rathi Yogesh , Gagoski Borjan , Newburger Jane W. , Grant P. Ellen , Zöllei Lilla 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundGiven the central role of the thalamus in motor, sensory, and cognitive development, methods to study emerging thalamocortical connectivity in early infancy are of great interest.PurposeTo determine the feasibility of performing probabilistic tractography‐based thalamic parcellation (PTbTP) in typically developing (TD) neonates and to compare the results with a pilot sample of neonates with congenital heart disease (CHD).Study typeInstitutional Review Board (IRB)‐approved cross‐sectional study.ModelWe prospectively recruited 20 TD neonates and five CHD neonates (imaged preoperatively).Field Strength/SequenceMRI was performed at 3.0T including diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) and 3D magnetization prepared rapid gradient‐echo (MPRAGE).AssessmentA radiologist and trained research assistants segmented the thalamus and seven cortical targets for each hemisphere. Using the thalami as seeds and the cortical labels as targets, FSL library tools were used to generate probabilistic tracts. A Hierarchical Dirichlet Process algorithm was then used for clustering analysis. A radiologist qualitatively assessed the results of clustering. Quantitative analyses were also performed.Statistical TestsWe summarized the demographic data and results of clustering with descriptive statistics. Linear regressions covarying for gestational age were used to compare groups.ResultsIn 17 of 20 TD neonates, we identified five connectivity‐determined clusters, which correlate with known thalamic nuclei and subnuclei. In four neonates with CHD we observed a spectrum of abnormalities including fewer and disorganized clusters or small supernumerary clusters (up to seven per thalamus). After covarying for differences in corrected gestational age (cGA), the fractional anisotropy (FA), volume, and normalized thalamic volume were significantly lower in CHD neonates (P < 0.01).Data ConclusionsUsing PTbTP clusters, correlating well with the location and connectivity of known thalamic nuclei, were identified in TD neonates. Differences in thalamic clustering outputs were identified in four neonates with CHD, raising concern for disordered thalamic connectivity. PTbTP is feasible in TD and CHD neonates. Preliminary findings suggest the prenatal origins of altered connectivity in CHD.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 4J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1626–1637.
The unfolded protein response mediated by PERK is casually related to the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Fujii Takeshi , Fujita Nobuyuki , Suzuki Satoshi , Tsuji Takashi , Takaki Takashi , Umezawa Kazuo , Watanabe Kota , Miyamoto Takeshi , Horiuchi Keisuke , Matsumoto Morio , Nakamura Masaya 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTAlthough the number of patients with intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is increasing in aging societies, its etiology and pathogenesis remain elusive and there is currently no effective treatment to prevent this undesirable condition. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a cellular machinery that plays critical roles in handling endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a condition caused by the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER lumen. This study aimed to elucidate the potential role of the UPR mediated by pancreatic endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), one of the major ER stress sensors in mammalian cells, in the development of IVD degeneration. IVD degeneration was artificially induced in Wister rats by percutaneously puncturing the coccyx IVDs and human IVDs were collected from patients who underwent spinal surgery. Expression of the UPR target genes was elevated in degenerative IVDs in both humans and rats. The induction of ER stress in annulus fibrosus cells significantly increased the transcripts for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) and interleukin 6 (IL‐6) in a nuclear factor (NF)‐κB pathway‐dependent manner. The expression of TNF‐α and IL‐6 was significantly reduced by treatment with a selective PERK inhibitor, GSK2606414, and by gene silencing against PERK and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) transcripts. Our findings indicate that the UPR mediated by the PERK pathway is causally related to the development of IVD degeneration, suggesting that PERK may be a potential molecular target for suppressing the degenerative changes in IVDs. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1334–1345, 2018.
Biomechanics, obesity, and osteoarthritis. The role of adipokines: When the levee breaks
Authors: Francisco Vera , Pérez Tamara , Pino Jesús , López Verónica , Franco Eloy , Alonso Ana , Gonzalez‐Gay Miguel Angel , Mera Antonio , Lago Francisca , Gómez Rodolfo , Gualillo Oreste 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTOsteoarthritis is a high‐incidence painful and debilitating disease characterized by progressive degeneration of articular joints, which indicates a breakdown in joint homeostasis favoring catabolic processes. Biomechanical loading, associated with inflammatory and metabolic imbalances of joint, strongly contributes to the initiation and progression of the disease. Obesity is a primary risk factor for disease onset, and mechanical factors increased the risk for disease progression. Moreover, inflammatory mediators, in particular, adipose tissue‐derived cytokines (better known as adipokines) play a critical role linking obesity and osteoarthritis. The present article summarizes the knowledge about the role of adipokines in cartilage and bone function, highlighting their contribution to the imbalance of joint homeostasis and, consequently, pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
36:594–604, 2018.
A static headspace GC‐MS/MS method for the determination of ethanol, iso‐butanol, and n‐butanol at nanomolar concentrations in aqueous environmental samples
Authors: Mead Ralph N. , Cala John M. , Felix J. David , Shimizu Megumi S. , Casas Matthew S. , Lathrope Thomas , Avery G. Brooks , Kieber Robert J. , Willey Joan D. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe increased use of small molecular weight alcohols such as ethanol and potentially butanol isomers as biofuels has raised questions about the fate of these compounds in the environment once emitted. In order to address these questions, a method for the simultaneous determination of nanomolar concentrations of ethanol, n‐butanol, and iso‐butanol in aqueous environmental matrices is presented. The method consists of static headspace gas chromatograph‐mass spectrometer/mass spectrometer (GC‐MS/MS) analysis with detection limits of 28 nM for ethanol and 9 nM for each butanol isomer. Accuracy of the new method was verified by comparing ethanol concentrations in authentic environmental samples by an independent technique utilizing solid phase microextraction (SPME). Results of an intercomparison study between the static headspace GC‐MS/MS and SPME analyses produced a trend line with a slope of unity demonstrating that the methods produced statistically equivalent ethanol concentrations. Spiked additions of each alcohol in a variety of aqueous environmental matrices gave recoveries greater than 90% validating the accuracy of the headspace GC‐MS/MS analysis. The new static headspace GC‐MS/MS analysis represents the first methodology available with demonstrated accuracy in an array of environmental matrices with the requisite limit of detection capable of quantifying several alcohols in one analysis with minimal sample preparation and sample size requirement.
Technical Note: On the efficiency of variance reduction techniques for Monte Carlo estimates of imaging noise
Authors: Sharma Diksha , Sempau Josep , Badano Aldo 
Published: October 2017

PurposeMonte Carlo simulations require large number of histories to obtain reliable estimates of the quantity of interest and its associated statistical uncertainty. Numerous variance reduction techniques (VRTs) have been employed to increase computational efficiency by reducing the statistical uncertainty. We investigate the effect of two VRTs for optical transport methods on accuracy and computing time for the estimation of variance (noise) in x‐ray imaging detectors.MethodsWe describe two VRTs. In the first, we preferentially alter the direction of the optical photons to increase detection probability. In the second, we follow only a fraction of the total optical photons generated. In both techniques, the statistical weight of photons is altered to maintain the signal mean. We use fastdetect2, an open‐source, freely available optical transport routine from the hybridmantis package. We simulate VRTs for a variety of detector models and energy sources. The imaging data from the VRT simulations are then compared to the analog case (no VRT) using pulse height spectra, Swank factor, and the variance of the Swank estimate.ResultsWe analyze the effect of VRTs on the statistical uncertainty associated with Swank factors. VRTs increased the relative efficiency by as much as a factor of 9. We demonstrate that we can achieve the same variance of the Swank factor with less computing time. With this approach, the simulations can be stopped when the variance of the variance estimates reaches the desired level of uncertainty.ConclusionWe implemented analytic estimates of the variance of Swank factor and demonstrated the effect of VRTs on image quality calculations. Our findings indicate that the Swank factor is dominated by the x‐ray interaction profile as compared to the additional uncertainty introduced in the optical transport by the use of VRTs. For simulation experiments that aim at reducing the uncertainty in the Swank factor estimate, any of the proposed VRT can be used for increasing the relative efficiency.