bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of body mass index, tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking and solid fuel use on the risk of asthma: Individual Participant Data (IPD) meta-analysis of 175 000 individuals from 51 nationally representative surveys
Authors: Patra Jayadeep , Maher Yurie Izawa , Mishra Sujata , Bhatia Mehak , Alam Dewan , Malini Doki S , Gupta Prakash C , Jha Prabhat 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundWe assessed the relationship of body mass index (BMI), smoking, drinking and solid fuel use (r; SFU), and the individual and combined effects of these factors on wheezing symptoms (WS) and on diagnosed asthma (DA).MethodsWe analysed 175 000 individuals from 51 nationally representative surveys, using self-reports of WS and DA as the measures of asthma. The fixed-effects and random-effects estimates of the pooled ORs between asthma and underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2), obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2), smoking, drinking and SFU were reported.ResultsThe pooled risks of all individual risk factors were significantly associated with WS and DA (with the exception of current smoking with DA in women and SFU with DA in both genders). Stronger dose–response relationships were seen in women for smoking amounts and duration; BMI showed stronger quadratic relationships. The combined risks were generally larger in women than in men, with significant risks for underweight (OR=2.73) as well as obese (OR=2.00) smokers for WS (OR=2.13 and OR=1.58 for DA, respectively). The magnitude of the combined effects from low/high BMI, smoking and drinking were also consistently higher among women than among men in WS and DA. SFU among underweight smokers also had positive association with WS (men and women) and DA (women).ConclusionsBMI, smoking, drinking and SFU—in combination—are associated with double or triple the risk of development of asthma. These risk factors might help explain the wide variation in asthma burden across countries.
Evaluation and optimisation of propofol pharmacokinetic parameters in cats for target‐controlled infusion
Authors: Cattai A. , Pilla T. , Cagnardi P. , Zonca A. , Franci P. 
Published: April 2016

The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a pharmacokinetic model‐driven infusion of propofol in premedicated cats. In a first step, propofol (10 mg/kg) was administered intravenously over 60 seconds to induce anaesthesia for the elective neutering of seven healthy cats, premedicated intramuscularly with 0.3 mg/kg methadone, 0.01 mg/kg medetomidine and 2 mg/kg ketamine. Venous blood samples were collected over 240 minutes, and propofol concentrations were measured via a validated high‐performance liquid chromatography assay. Selected pharmacokinetic parameters, determined by a three‐compartment open linear model, were entered into a computer‐controlled infusion pump (target‐controlled infusion‐1 (TCI‐1)). In a second step, TCI‐1 was used to induce and maintain general anaesthesia in nine cats undergoing neutering. Predicted and measured plasma concentrations of propofol were compared at specific time points. In a third step, the pharmacokinetic parameters were modified according to the results from the use of TCI‐1 and were evaluated again in six cats. For this TCI‐2 group, the median values of median performance error and median absolute performance error were −1.85 per cent and 29.67 per cent, respectively, indicating that it performed adequately. Neither hypotension nor respiratory depression was observed during TCI‐1 and TCI‐2. Mean anaesthesia time and time to extubation in the TCI‐2 group were 73.90 (±20.29) and 8.04 (±5.46) minutes, respectively.
Solute dynamics and the Ontario nitrogen index: I. Chloride leaching
Authors: Reynolds W. Daniel , Drury Craig F. , Parkin Gary W. , Lauzon John D. , Saso Joseph K. , Zhang Tiequan , Liu Kui , Welacky Tom W. , Yang Xueming , Tan Chin S. , Calder Wayne , Oloya Tom O. , Reid D. Keith 
Published: April 2016

The nitrogen (N) index for humid temperate southern Ontario, Canada (Ontario N index) incorporates previous and current crop type, fertilizer and (or) manure management, and hydrologic soil group (HSG) to estimate risk for contamination of tile drainage water and groundwater by nitrate leached below the primary crop root zone (top 60 cm of soil). The Ontario N index has received limited ground-truthing, and the leaching component was assessed using chloride tracer (ClTR) on five soils (one sandy loam, two loams, and two clay loams) representing four HSG-based risk levels (HSG-A, high risk; HSG-B, medium risk; HSG-C, low risk; HSG-D, very low risk). A square-wave pulse of ClTR was applied to the soil surfaces in fall 2007 as KCl, and movement and loss of ClTR was tracked over 1–1.2 years using monthly soil core samples collected from the top 60–80 cm. For all five soils, 60–96% of ClTR was leached out of the primary crop root zone (below 60 cm depth) during the noncropping period (October 2007 to March 2008 inclusive), and >80% was leached out of the root zone within 1 year. The percentage of ClTR that leached did not correlate with precipitation or HSG designation, but produced significant (P < 0.05) power function regressions with minimum and harmonic mean saturated soil hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) measured in the top 50–60 cm. ClTR leaching rate appeared to be controlled primarily by Ksat in a manner consistent with infiltration and solute transport theory. It was consequently proposed that solute leaching loss versus Ksat relationships may improve N index risk estimates for both southern Ontario and other humid temperate regions.
Physical and optical properties of magnesium sulfoborate glasses doped Dy3+ ions
Authors: Dalhatu S. A. , Deraman Karim , Hussin R. 
Published: April 2016

The optical properties of alkaline earth borate glasses doped with rare earth are attractive field of research due to many optical applications. We have concentrated on the physical and optical properties of MgO–SO4–B2O3 glass with different concentrations of Dy[Formula: see text] ions. The samples of glass were prepared using the melting quenching technique. The physical parameter and optical properties of the prepared glass were determined. It was observed that the density of the glass samples increased and the molar volume reduced with respect to Dy[Formula: see text] ions content. Dy[Formula: see text]: MgO–SO4–B2O3 glass displayed 10 absorption bands with hypersensitive transition around 1265 nm (6H[Formula: see text]F[Formula: see text]). Two intense luminescence emissions were observed at 482 nm (4F[Formula: see text]H[Formula: see text]: blue) and 573 nm (4F[Formula: see text]H[Formula: see text]: yellow) and weak band at 662 nm (4F[Formula: see text]H[Formula: see text]: red) with excitation wavelength 380 nm. A strong enhancement in the emission peaks at 573 nm in the yellow region was observed with the 0.07 mol% concentration of dysprosium oxide, which may assign to the energy transfer from Mg[Formula: see text] to Mg[Formula: see text] ions. Beyond the optimum concentration, contrary result was observed.
Finite presentability of generalized Bruck–Reilly ∗-extension of groups
Authors: Oğuz Seda , Karpuz Eylem G. 
Published: April 2016

In [Finite presentability of Bruck–Reilly extensions of groups, J. Algebra 242 (2001) 20–30], Araujo and Ruškuc studied finite generation and finite presentability of Bruck–Reilly extension of a group. In this paper, we aim to generalize some results given in that paper to generalized Bruck–Reilly ∗-extension of a group. In this way, we determine necessary and sufficent conditions for generalized Bruck–Reilly ∗-extension of a group, [Formula: see text], to be finitely generated and finitely presented. Let [Formula: see text] be a group, [Formula: see text] be morphisms and [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are the [Formula: see text]- and [Formula: see text]-classes, respectively, contains the identity element [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text]). We prove that [Formula: see text] is finitely generated if and only if there exists a finite subset [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] is generated by [Formula: see text]. We also prove that [Formula: see text] is finitely presented if and only if [Formula: see text] is presented by [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a finite set and [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] for some finite set of relations [Formula: see text].
Elevated Levels of Urinary PGE-M Are Found in Tobacco Users and Indicate a Poor Prognosis for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Kekatpure Vikram D. , BS Naveen , Wang Hanhan , Zhou Xi Kathy , Kandasamy Chandramohan , Sunny Sumsum P. , Suresh Amritha , Milne Ginger L. , Kuriakose Moni Abraham , Dannenberg Andrew J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)–derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) plays a role in the development and progression of epithelial malignancies. Measurements of urinary PGE-M, a stable metabolite of PGE2, reflect systemic PGE2 levels. Here, we investigated whether urinary PGE-M levels were elevated in healthy tobacco users and in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Median urinary PGE-M levels were increased in healthy tobacco quid chewers [21.3 ng/mg creatinine (Cr); n = 33; P = 0.03] and smokers (32.1 ng/mg Cr; n = 31; P &lt; 0.001) compared with never tobacco quid chewers-never smokers (18.8 ng/mg Cr; n = 30). Urinary PGE-M levels were also compared in OSCC patients versus healthy tobacco users. An approximately 1-fold increase in median urinary PGE-M level was found in OSCC patients (48.7 ng/mg Cr, n = 78) versus healthy controls (24.5 ng/mg Cr, n = 64; P &lt; 0.001). We further determined whether baseline urinary PGE-M levels were prognostic in OSCC patients who underwent treatment with curative intent. A nearly 1-fold increase in baseline urinary PGE-M levels (64.7 vs. 33.8 ng/mg Cr, P &lt; 0.001) was found in the group of OSCC patients who progressed (n = 37) compared with the group that remained progression free (n = 41). Patients with high baseline levels of urinary PGE-M had both worse disease-specific survival [HR, 1.01 per unit increase; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01–1.02; P &lt; 0.001] and overall survival (HR, 1.01 per unit increase; 95% CI, 1.00–1.02; P = 0.03). Taken together, our findings raise the possibility that NSAIDs, prototypic inhibitors of PGE2 synthesis, may be beneficial for reducing the risk of tobacco-related aerodigestive malignancies or treating OSCC patients with high urinary PGE-M levels. Cancer Prev Res; 9(6); 428–36. ©2016 AACR.
Antibody-Mediated Phosphatidylserine Blockade Enhances the Antitumor Responses to CTLA-4 and PD-1 Antibodies in Melanoma
Authors: Freimark Bruce D. , Gong Jian , Ye Dan , Gray Michael J. , Nguyen Van , Yin Shen , Hatch Michaela M.S. , Hughes Christopher C.W. , Schroit Alan J. , Hutchins Jeff T. , Brekken Rolf A. , Huang Xianming 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn tumor-bearing animals, the membrane phospholipid phosphatidylserine (PS) suppresses immune responses, suggesting that PS signaling could counteract the antitumor effect of antibody-driven immune checkpoint blockade. Here, we show that treating melanoma-bearing mice with a PS-targeting antibody enhances the antitumor activity of downstream checkpoint inhibition. Combining PS-targeting antibodies with CTLA-4 or PD-1 blockade resulted in significantly greater inhibition of tumor growth than did single-agent therapy. Moreover, combination therapy enhanced CD4+ and CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte numbers; elevated the fraction of cells expressing the proinflammatory cytokines IL2, IFNγ, and TNFα; and increased the ratio of CD8 T cells to myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells in tumors. Similar changes in immune cell profiles were observed in splenocytes. Taken together, these data show that antibody-mediated PS blockade enhances the antitumor efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibition. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(6); 531–40. ©2016 AACR.
Environmental and Genetic Activation of Hypothalamic BDNF Modulates T-cell Immunity to Exert an Anticancer Phenotype
Authors: Xiao Run , Bergin Stephen M. , Huang Wei , Slater Andrew M. , Liu Xianglan , Judd Ryan T. , Lin En-Ju D. , Widstrom Kyle J. , Scoville Steven D. , Yu Jianhua , Caligiuri Michael A. , Cao Lei 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Macroenvironmental factors, including a patient's physical and social environment, play a role in cancer risk and progression. Our previous studies show that living in an enriched environment (EE) providing complex stimuli confers an anticancer phenotype in mice mediated, in part by a specific neuroendocrine axis, with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as the key brain mediator. Here, we investigated how an EE modulated T-cell immunity and its role in the EE-induced anticancer effects. Our data demonstrated that CD8 T cells were required to mediate the anticancer effects of an EE in an orthotropic model of melanoma. In secondary lymphoid tissue (SLT), an EE induced early changes in the phenotype of T-cell populations, characterized by a decrease in the ratio of CD4 T helper to CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Overexpression of hypothalamic BDNF reproduced EE-induced T-cell phenotypes in SLT, whereas knockdown of hypothalamic BDNF inhibited EE-induced immune modulation in SLT. Both propranolol and mifepristone blocked the EE-associated modulation of CTLs in SLT, suggesting that both the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis were involved. Our results demonstrated that enhanced anticancer effect of an EE was mediated at least in part through modulation of T-cell immunity and provided support to the emerging concept of manipulating a single gene in the brain to improve cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(6); 488–97. ©2016 AACR.
Deletion of Apoptosis Inhibitor of Macrophage (AIM)/CD5L Attenuates the Inflammatory Response and Infarct Size in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Nishikido Toshiyuki , Oyama Jun‐ichi , Shiraki Aya , Komoda Hiroshi , Node Koichi 
Published: April 2016

Background
An excessive inflammatory response after myocardial infarction (MI) increases myocardial injury. The toll‐like receptor (TLR)‐4 is activated by the recognition of endogenous ligands and is proinflammatory when there is myocardial tissue injury. The apoptosis inhibitor of the macrophage (AIM) is known to provoke an efflux of saturated free fatty acids (FFA) due to lipolysis, which causes inflammation via the TLR‐4 pathway. Therefore, this study investigated the hypothesis that AIM causes a proinflammatory response after MI.

Methods and Results

The left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated to induce MI in both AIM‐knockout (AIM
−/−
) and wild‐type (WT) mice. After 3 days, the inflammatory response from activation of the TLR‐4/NFκB pathway was assessed, and infarct size was measured by staining with triphenyltetrazolium chloride. In addition, left ventricular remodeling was examined after 28 days. Although the area at risk was similar between AIM
−/−
and WT mice, the infarct size was significantly smaller in AIM
−/−
mice (
P
=0.02). The heart weight–to–body weight ratio and myocardial fibrosis were also decreased in the AIM
−/−
mice, and the 28‐day survival rate was improved (
P
<0.01). With the reduction of plasma FFA in AIM
−/−
mice, myocardial IRAK4 and NFκB activity were decreased (all
P
<0.05). Moreover, there was a reduction in myeloperoxidase activity and inducible nitric oxide synthase as part of the inflammatory response (
P
<0.01,
P
=0.03, respectively). Furthermore, NFκB DNA‐binding activation via TLR‐4, neutrophil infiltration, and inflammatory mediators were decreased in AIM
−/−
mice.

Conclusions
The deletion of AIM reduced the inflammatory response and infarct size and improved survival after myocardial infarction.
Rhodocybe formosa (Agaricales, Entolomataceae): new collections, molecular data and synonymy, and Rhodocybe griseonigrella comb. nov.
Authors: VIZZINI ALFREDO , PICILLO BERNARDO , ERCOLE ENRICO , VILA JORDI , CONTU MARCO 
Published: April 2016

Rhodocybe formosa (sect. Rhodocybe), a species so far known only from Spain, is here reported from Italy. A detailed description, including also macrophotographs, microphotographs and drawings together with a phylogenetic analysis of the ITS sequences, are provided. According to the molecular comparison of the type collections, R. minutispora, a species recently described on the basis of collections from Spain, is a synonym of R. formosa. Clitopilus griseonigrellus is recognized as a distinct species and recombined in Rhodocybe. A key to the European species of Rhodocybe sect. Rhodocybe is provided.
Improving Energy-Based Estimates of Monsoon Location in the Presence of Proximal Deserts
Authors: Shekhar Ravi , Boos William R. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Two theoretical frameworks have been widely used to understand the response of monsoons to local and remote forcings: the vertically integrated atmospheric energy budget and convective quasi-equilibrium (CQE). Existing forms of these frameworks neglect some of the complexities of monsoons, such as the shallow meridional circulations that advect dry air from adjacent deserts into the middle and lower troposphere of monsoon regions. Here the fidelity of energy budget and CQE theories for monsoon location is assessed in a three-dimensional beta-plane model with boundary conditions representative of an off-equatorial continent with a tropical grassland and an adjacent subtropical desert. Energy budget theories show mixed success for various SST and land surface albedo forcings, with the ITCZ being collocated with the energy flux equator but a nonmonotonic relationship existing between ITCZ latitude and cross-equatorial energy transport. Accounting for the off-equatorial position of the unperturbed energy flux equator is shown to be important when a linearization of meridional energy transports is used to quantitatively diagnose ITCZ location. CQE theories that diagnose ITCZ location based on the subcloud moist static energy maximum are shown to have large biases; accounting for convective entrainment of dry air by using a lower-tropospheric mean moist static energy provides a more correct diagnosis of ITCZ location. Finally, it is shown that although ITCZ shifts can be diagnosed by modified CQE and energy budget frameworks, neither can be used in a quantitatively prognostic capacity because of unpredictable feedbacks that are often larger than the imposed forcing.
Wave Setup over a Fringing Reef with Large Bottom Roughness
Authors: Buckley Mark L. , Lowe Ryan J. , Hansen Jeff E. , Van Dongeren Ap R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe effect of bottom roughness on setup dynamics was investigated using high-resolution observations across a laboratory fringing reef profile with roughness elements scaled to mimic the frictional wave dissipation of a coral reef. Results with roughness were compared with smooth bottom runs across 16 offshore wave and still water level conditions. The time-averaged and depth-integrated force balance was evaluated from observations collected at 17 locations along the flume and consisted of cross-shore pressure and radiation stress gradients whose sum was balanced by quadratic mean bottom stresses. The introduction of roughness had two primary effects. First, for runs with roughness, frictional wave dissipation occurred on the reef slope offshore of the breakpoint, reducing wave heights prior to wave breaking. Second, offshore-directed mean bottom stresses were generated by the interaction of the combined wave–current velocity field with the roughness elements. These two mechanisms acted counter to one another. Frictional wave dissipation resulted in radiation stress gradients that were predicted to generate 18% (on average) less setup on the reef flat for rough runs than for smooth runs when neglecting mean bottom stresses. However, mean bottom stresses increased the predicted setup by 16% on average for runs with roughness. As a result, setup on the reef flat was comparable (7% mean difference) between corresponding rough and smooth runs. These findings are used to assess prior results from numerical modeling studies of reefs and also to discuss the broader implications for how large roughness influences setup dynamics in the nearshore zone.
North Atlantic Subtropical Underwater and Its Year-to-Year Variability in Annual Subduction Rate during the Argo Period
Authors: Qu Tangdong , Zhang Linlin , Schneider Niklas 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSubtropical underwater (STUW) and its year-to-year variability in annual subduction rate are investigated using recently available Argo data in the North Atlantic. For the period of observation (2002–14), the mean annual subduction rate of the STUW is 7.3 ± 1.2 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3 s−1) within the density range between 25.0 and 26.0 kg m−3. Once subducted, the STUW spreads in the subtropical gyre as a vertical salinity maximum. In the mean, the spatial changes in temperature and salinity of the STUW tend to compensate each other, and the density of the water mass remains rather stable near 25.5 kg m−3 in the southwestern part of the subtropical gyre. The annual subduction rate of the STUW varies from year to year, and most of this variability is due to lateral induction, which in turn is directly linked to the variability of the winter mixed layer depth. Through modulation of surface buoyancy, wind anomalies associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation are primarily responsible for this variability. Sea surface salinity anomalies in the formation region of the STUW are conveyed into the thermocline, but their westward propagation cannot be detected by the present data.
Reference intervals for thyroid hormones on Advia Centaur derived from three reference populations and a review of the literature
Authors: Barth Julian H , Spencer Jennifer D , Goodall Stephen R , Luvai Ahai 
Published: April 2016

Introduction Laboratories are recommended to determine their own local reference intervals (RIs) to embrace the variations in local populations. We have assessed local RIs for thyroid function tests using two different approaches to selection of reference populations and also searched the literature for studies using the Advia Centaur methods. Methods Two independent populations were made of redundant serum samples from primary care in which exclusion criteria were used to reduce the inclusion of patients with thyroid disease. A further population of healthy subjects were recruited. All groups were restricted to 18–65 years and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOabs) positive subjects were excluded. All samples were analysed using Advia Centaur reagents. A literature search was made for RI studies on non-pregnant adults using Advia Centaur. Results Redundant data sets consisted of 219 and 222 subjects and a healthy population of 280. Comparison of variance of all three groups showed differences for free T4 (fT4) and total T3 (TT3) (analysis of variance P < 0.0001) but thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was similar across all three groups ( P = 0.7656). RI for TSH, fT4 and TT3 all fell within the 95% confidence interval for each other for all three analytes. Published RIs give wide variation although their mean is similar to the prospective data reported here. Discussion Our data suggest that a consensus set of RIs for Advia Centaur can be adopted from the prospective studies and literature search in this paper and we would suggest the following RIs: TSH 0.5–4.4 mIU/L; fT4 10–20 pmol/L; and TT3 1.1–2.4 nmol/L.