bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation in magnetic properties of serpentinized peridotites exposed on the Yokoniwa Rise, Central Indian Ridge: Insights into the role of magnetite in serpentinization
Authors: Fujii Masakazu , Okino Kyoko , Sato Hiroshi , Nakamura Kentaro , Sato Taichi , Yamazaki Toshitsugu 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMagnetic properties in serpentinized peridotites are of increasing interest in seafloor mapping and petrologic studies because such data can promote the understanding of serpentinization reactions and hydrogen creation in ultramafic rocks. In order to reveal the magnetic properties and magnetite growth in serpentinized peridotites, we analyzed 30 serpentinized peridotite samples from a nontransform offset massif called the Yokoniwa Rise in the Central Indian Ridge. The results from multiple rock magnetic analyses and petrological observations illustrate the details of the creation and growth of magnetite in serpentinized peridotites that have undergone 17–100% serpentinzation. The magnetic carrier of these samples is pure magnetite, which did not suffer from maghemitization (low‐temperature oxidation). The magnetic susceptibility ranged from 0.002 to 0.087 SI and increased nonlinearly with the progression of the serpentinization reaction. The natural remanent magnetization intensities of 0.2–8.4 A/m are comparable to those of basalts, which suggests that the remanence as well as induced magnetization of highly serpentinized peridotite can contribute to magnetization of the oceanic lithosphere. The amount of magnetite estimated from saturation magnetization increased nonlinearly from 0.1 to 5.5 wt % with the progression of the serpentinization. Highly serpentinized peridotites have a well‐developed serpentine mesh texture. Pseudo‐single‐domain (PSD) and multidomain (MD) grains were formed during igneous processes in the mantle and/or during the initial stages of serpentinization. Superparamagnetic (SP) particles were formed during the initial stages of serpentinization. Single‐domain (SD) magnetite was formed during the later stage of serpentinization, and it is assembled inside of mesh structures with strong magnetostatic interactions.
Effect of graphite on the electrical conductivity of the lithospheric mantle
Authors: Zhang Baohua , Yoshino Takashi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractGraphite is considered as one of candidate to explain the high‐conductivity anomalies revealed through magnetotelluric (MT) observations. To investigate the effect of interfacial energy on the interconnection of graphite in olivine matrix, we measured the electrical conductivity of polycrystalline San Carlos olivine mixed with 0.8 vol % graphite on the grain boundaries via impedance spectroscopy at 1 GPa and 300–1700 K in a cubic multianvil apparatus. The olivine‐graphite dihedral angle of the recovered sample was also measured to determine interfacial energy between graphite and olivine. The bulk electrical conductivities and large activation enthalpy (∼1.32 eV) of the carbon‐bearing sample were consistent with those of dry polycrystalline olivine. This behavior implies that graphite cannot be interconnected on olivine grain boundaries, which is also supported by the large dihedral angle (98°) of the olivine/graphite system. Impedance spectroscopy measurements were performed at 3 GPa and a temperature of up to 1700 K for carbon‐coated olivine bicrystal samples to investigate the stability of graphite films on the grain boundaries of silicate minerals under upper‐mantle conditions. The conductivities rapidly or slowly dropped as a function of time and graphite film thickness during annealing at the target temperature. This phenomenon exhibits that graphite film on the olivine grain boundary is readily destroyed under upper‐mantle conditions as supported by microstructural observations on the recovered carbon‐coated olivine bicrystal samples. Higher interfacial energy and larger dihedral angle (∼98°) between graphite and olivine would not allow the maintenance of graphite film on olivine grain boundaries. The activation enthalpy for the apparent disconnection rate of a graphite film on olivine grain boundaries is close to that of carbon diffusion in olivine grain boundaries, which suggests that the disconnection of the graphite film is likely to be controlled by carbon grain boundary diffusion. Therefore, graphite is an unlikely candidate to explain the high‐conductivity anomalies revealed by MT surveys in the upper mantle.
Tidal flow separation at protruding beach nourishments
Authors: Radermacher Max , de Schipper Matthieu A. , Swinkels Cilia , MacMahan Jamie H. , Reniers Ad J.H.M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn recent years, the application of large‐scale beach nourishments has been discussed, with the Sand Motor in the Netherlands as the first real‐world example. Such protruding beach nourishments have an impact on tidal currents, potentially leading to tidal flow separation and the generation of tidal eddies of length scales larger than the nourishment itself. The present study examines the characteristics of the tidal flow field around protruding beach nourishments under varying nourishment geometry and tidal conditions, based on extensive field observations and numerical flow simulations. Observations of the flow field around the Sand Motor, obtained with a ship‐mounted current profiler and a set of fixed current profilers, show that a tidal eddy develops along the northern edge of the mega‐nourishment every flood period. The eddy is generated around peak tidal flow and gradually gains size and strength, growing much larger than the cross‐shore dimension of the coastline perturbation. Based on a 3 week measurement period, it is shown that the intensity of the eddy modulates with the spring‐neap tidal cycle. Depth‐averaged tidal currents around coastline perturbations are simulated and compared to the field observations. The occurrence and behavior of tidal eddies is derived for a large set of simulations with varying nourishment size and shape. Results show that several different types of behavior exist, characterized by different combinations of the nourishment aspect ratio, the size of the nourishment relative to the tidal excursion length, and the influence of bed friction.
Vertical structure of pore pressure under surface gravity waves on a steep, megatidal, mixed sand‐gravel‐cobble beach
Authors: Guest Tristan B. , Hay Alex E. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe vertical structure of surface gravity wave‐induced pore pressure is investigated within the intertidal zone of a natural, steeply sloping, megatidal, mixed sand‐gravel‐cobble beach. Results from a coherent vertical array of buried pore pressure sensors are presented in terms of signal phase lag and attenuation as functions of oscillatory forcing frequency and burial depth. Comparison of the observations with the predictions of a theoretical poro‐elastic bed response model indicates that the large observed phase lags and attenuation are attributable to interstitial trapped air. In addition to the dependence on entrapped air volume, the pore pressure phase and attenuation are shown to be sensitive to the hydraulic conductivity of the sediment, to the changing mean water depth during the tidal cycle, and to the redistribution/rearrangement of beach face material by energetic wave action during storm events. The latter result indicates that the effects on pore pressure of sediment column disturbance during instrument burial can persist for days to weeks, depending upon wave forcing conditions. Taken together, these results raise serious questions as to the practicality of using pore pressure measurements to estimate the kinematic properties of surface gravity waves on steep, mixed sand‐gravel beaches.
Seasonal controls of aragonite saturation states in the Gulf of Maine
Authors: Wang Zhaohui Aleck , Lawson Gareth L. , Pilskaln Cynthia H. , Maas Amy E. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe Gulf of Maine (GoME) is a shelf region especially vulnerable to ocean acidification (OA) due to natural conditions of low pH and aragonite saturation states (Ω‐Ar). This study is the first to assess the major oceanic processes controlling seasonal variability of the carbonate system and its linkages with pteropod abundance in Wilkinson Basin in the GoME. Two years of seasonal sampling cruises suggest that water‐column carbonate chemistry in the region undergoes a seasonal cycle, wherein the annual cycle of stratification‐overturn, primary production, respiration‐remineralization and mixing all play important roles, at distinct spatiotemporal scales. Surface production was tightly coupled with remineralization in the benthic nepheloid layer during high production seasons, which results in occasional aragonite undersaturation. From spring to summer, carbonate chemistry in the surface across Wilkinson Basin reflects a transition from a production‐respiration balanced system to a net autotropic system. Mean water‐column Ω‐Ar and abundance of large thecosomatous pteropods show some correlation, although patchiness and discrete cohort reproductive success likely also influence their abundance. Overall, photosynthesis‐respiration is the primary driving force controlling Ω‐Ar variability during the spring‐to‐summer transition as well as over the seasonal cycle. However, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) dissolution appears to occur near bottom in fall and winter when bottom water Ω‐Ar is generally low but slightly above 1. This is accompanied by a decrease in pteropod abundance that is consistent with previous CaCO3 flux trap measurements. The region might experience persistent subsurface aragonite undersaturation in 30–40 years under continued ocean acidification.
Understanding the West African Monsoon from the analysis of diabatic heating distributions as simulated by climate models
Authors: Martin G. M. , Peyrillé P. , Roehrig R. , Rio C. , Caian M. , Bellon G. , Codron F. , Lafore J.‐P. , Poan D. E. , Idelkadi A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractVertical and horizontal distributions of diabatic heating in the West African monsoon (WAM) region as simulated by four model families are analyzed in order to assess the physical processes that affect the WAM circulation. For each model family, atmosphere‐only runs of their CMIP5 configurations are compared with more recent configurations which are on the development path toward CMIP6. The various configurations of these models exhibit significant differences in their heating/moistening profiles, related to the different representation of physical processes such as boundary layer mixing, convection, large‐scale condensation and radiative heating/cooling. There are also significant differences in the models' simulation of WAM rainfall patterns and circulations. The weaker the radiative cooling in the Saharan region, the larger the ascent in the rainband and the more intense the monsoon flow, while the latitude of the rainband is related to heating in the Gulf of Guinea region and on the northern side of the Saharan heat low. Overall, this work illustrates the difficulty experienced by current climate models in representing the characteristics of monsoon systems, but also that we can still use them to understand the interactions between local subgrid physical processes and the WAM circulation. Moreover, our conclusions regarding the relationship between errors in the large‐scale circulation of the WAM and the structure of the heating by small‐scale processes will motivate future studies and model development.
Onset of secondary progressive MS after long‐term rituximab therapy – a case report
Authors: von Büdingen H.‐Christian , Bischof Antje , Eggers Erica L. , Wang Shengzhi , Bevan Carolyn J. , Cree Bruce A. C. , Henry Roland G. , Hauser Stephen L. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA patient with relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) was treated with a standard immunomodulatory therapy, but due to ongoing disease activity was switched to rituximab. Relapses ceased, but secondary progressive MS (SPMS) eventually appeared, associated with new focal spinal cord white matter lesions. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed persistent oligoclonal bands (OCB) and clonally related B cells in CSF and peripheral blood. The treatment escalation approach failed to prevent evolution to SPMS, raising the question of whether initiation of B‐cell depleting therapy at the time of RMS diagnosis should be tested to more effectively address the immune pathology leading to SPMS.
Incidence and Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriasis, or Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Radner Helga , Lesperance Tamara , Accortt Neil A. , Solomon Daniel H. 
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveTo estimate prevalence and incidence of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and obesity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriasis, or psoriatic arthritis (PsA).MethodsPatients with RA, psoriasis, or PsA were identified based on medical and pharmacy claims from the MarketScan claims databases from January 1, 2002 through December 31, 2014. Primary outcomes included age‐ and sex‐standardized prevalence of CV risk factors during the 12 months preceding diagnosis date and incidence rates per 1,000 patient‐years, with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) during followup.ResultsPrevalence for RA, psoriasis, and PsA cohorts for hypertension was 18.6% (95% CI 18.3–18.8), 16.6% (95% CI 16.3–17.0), and 19.9% (95% CI 19.4–20.4), respectively; for diabetes mellitus 6.2% (95% CI 6.1–6.4), 6.3% (95% CI 6.0–6.5), and 7.8% (95% CI 7.4–8.2); for hyperlipidemia 9.9% (95% CI 9.7–10.1), 10.4% (95% CI 10.2–10.7), and 11.6% (95% CI 11.2–12.0); and for obesity 4.4% (95% CI 4.2–4.6), 3.8% (95% CI 3.5–4.0), and 6.0% (95% CI 5.6–6.5). Incidence rates per 1,000 patient‐years during followup for RA, psoriasis, and PsA cohorts, respectively, for hypertension were 74.0 (95% CI 72.5–75.5), 68.2 (95% CI 65.9–70.4), and 79.8 (95% CI 76.3–83.3); for diabetes mellitus 10.6 (95% CI 10.1–11.1), 13.0 (95% CI 12.1–13.8), and 14.7 (95% CI 13.5–16.0); for hyperlipidemia 40.3 (95% CI 39.4–41.3), 47.1 (95% CI 45.4–48.7), and 52.0 (95% CI 49.6–54.3); and for obesity 24.4 (95% CI 23.4–25.4), 26.4 (95% CI 25.0–27.8), and 32.9 (95% CI 30.6–35.2).ConclusionPatients with RA, psoriasis, and PsA have high prevalence and incidence of CV risk factors, suggesting the need for risk factor monitoring of these patients.
Primary Care Screening and Comorbidity Management in Rheumatoid Arthritis in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Widdifield Jessica , Ivers Noah M. , Bernatsky Sasha , Jaakkimainen Liisa , Bombardier Claire , Thorne J. Carter , Ahluwalia Vandana , Paterson J. Michael , Young Jacqueline , Wing Laura , Tu Karen 
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveQuality measurement for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients has largely focused on care provided by rheumatologists. Our aim was to develop and assess quality measures related to the screening and management of comorbidity in RA patients in primary care.MethodsWe used the primary care Electronic Medical Record Administrative data Linked Database in Ontario, Canada. We harmonized Canadian general population and RA clinical recommendations to develop and assess screening, process, and outcome measures. For each RA patient, 10 non‐RA patients were matched by age and sex. Stratified analyses were performed, comparing patients with RA to those without RA, to assess the performance of quality measures.ResultsWe compared 1,405 RA patients to 14,050 matched non‐RA patients (72.8% female; mean age 62.5 years). Compared to non‐RA patients, RA patients more frequently had influenza (44.9% versus 40.0%) and pneumococcal (40.4% versus 34.1%) vaccinations and bone mineral density testing (67.4% versus 58.1%). Herpes zoster vaccinations were less frequent among RA patients (13.8% versus 19.5%), as was screening for cervical cancer (58.6% versus 64.0%). No significant differences were observed between RA and non‐RA patients in screenings for breast (70.7% versus 73.8%) or colorectal (31.7% versus 34.5%) cancers. Only a quarter of RA patients had a comprehensive cardiovascular risk assessment. No definitive differences were detected in the management of patients who had co‐occurring cardiovascular disease or diabetes mellitus.ConclusionFor both RA and non‐RA patients, compliance with Canadian recommendations for preventive medical services and screening for comorbid conditions in primary care was less than optimal. This indicates key targets for improvement.
An Evaluation of Multisystemic Therapy with Australian Families
Authors: Porter Mark , Nuntavisit Leartluk 
Published: December 2016

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Multisystemic Therapy (MST) intervention for Australian families invloved with the Specialist Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS). This program was implemented within the Western Australian Department of Health in 2005, and has continually operated two small clinical teams within the Perth metropolitan area since then. This intervention was specifically chosen to improve service access, engagement, and intervention with vulnerable families having young persons with a history of significant and enduring behavioural problems. The study reports on data collected from July 2007 to July 2013 which includes baseline, post‐treatment, 6‐month, and 12‐month follow‐up. There were 153MSTfamilies participating in the research at all time points (71% male; 11% Australian Aboriginal; average youth age was 13.6 years). Caregivers completed a set of questionnaires including Child Behaviour Checklist, Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire, and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. One‐way repeated measureANOVAwere used to measure changes over time. Significant caregiver‐reported improvements in all measures were reported at post‐treatment, and most improvements were maintained at the follow‐up periods of 6 and 12 months post‐intervention. These preliminary outcomes demonstrate that the 4–5 monthMSTintervention significantly reduces behavioural problems and emotional difficulties in young Australians and these improvements are generally maintained by caregivers over time. Primary caregivers reported improved skills and mental health functioning that were also maintained over the follow‐up period. A proposed randomised controlled trial of the program will address potential placebo and selection bias effects.
Harnessing the Power of Family Dinners to Create Change in Family Therapy
Authors: Fishel Anne K. 
Published: December 2016

Family dinner and family therapy confer many similar benefits to family members and they are both settings in which families can connect and interact as a group, in a designated space and time. Over the last 20 years, a large body of research documents the physical, academic, and mental health benefits of family dinners. Research links regular family meals with healthier eating habits and lower obesity rates, lower rates of substance abuse, teen pregnancy, depression, stress, and anxiety, as well as stronger self‐esteem, parent‐child connectedness, resilience, and even better vocabularies. Family therapists can harness these benefits in four ways. First, by asking screening questions of families to determine whether and how often they are sharing meals and then discussing solutions to overcoming common obstacles. Second, by asking about or enacting a family dinner to obtain a snapshot of a family's organisation and functioning, in terms of their gender roles, division of labour, expression of affect and conflict, capacity to have fun, and tolerance of difference. Third, by playing non‐competitive games in therapy that promote conversation, games that can also be played at the dinner table. Fourth, using family dinner as an annex to therapy as a place to experiment with new roles, behaviours, and patterns of communication, which can be enacted on a nightly basis after being discussed in therapy. Two case examples are presented to illustrate the ways that dinner can be a place for change, begun in therapy, and implemented at home.
Rekonstruktion
Authors: Peseke Horst , Freund Alexander , Bärenfänger Katja , Duppel Christoph 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDas Philosophicum wurde von 1958 bis 1960 als Seminargebäude auf dem Campus Bockenheim in Frankfurt errichtet. Sein Architekt, Ferdinand Kramer, entwarf das Gebäude als eines der ersten Stahlskelettbauten in Deutschland mit außen liegenden Stützen und einer Curtain‐Wall‐Fassade.Durch die Verlagerung der Uni Anfang 2001 ins Frankfurter Westend auf das Gelände der ehemaligen I.G. Farbenindustrie entwickelte sich eine Diskussion über die Neugestaltung bzw. Neunutzung des Geländes in Bockenheim und somit auch des Philosophicums. Um die Potenziale und Risiken eines seit ca. 15 Jahren leer stehenden hochkarätigen Zeugnisses eines intensiven und prägenden Zeitabschnitts der Stadtentwicklung auszuloten, ist Bollinger + Grohmann seit 2011 mit der denkmalpflegerischen Bestandsaufnahme, der Tragwerksplanung, der Fassadenplanung und der Bauphysik in unterschiedlichen Fragestellungen und Bearbeitungstiefen betraut. Im Rahmen vorlaufender Machbarkeitsstudien wurden Erweiterungen, verschiedene bauphysikalische und Fassadenkonzepte erarbeitet, die alle den Bestand berücksichtigten.Im Jahre 2014 wurde die Immobilie an den jetzigen Eigentümer verkauft. Bis Ende 2016 wird das Gebäude in ein Studierenden‐Wohnheim mit 270 Apartments, einer Kindertagesstätte und einem Café im Erdgeschoss umgebaut. Dabei wurde der denkmalgeschützte Altbau um einen fünfgeschossigen Neubauriegel ergänzt. Im Zuge der Baumaßnahme wurden die Stahlbetonfassaden behutsam instand gesetzt und die Curtain Wall in ihrem Erscheinungsbild als Stahlfassade rekonstruiert. Die Rekonstruktion ist Hauptgegenstand des Artikels.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms and domain/splice variants modulate assembly and elastomeric properties of human elastin. Implications for tissue specificity and durability of elastic tissue
Authors: Miao Ming , Reichheld Sean E. , Muiznieks Lisa D. , Sitarz Eva E. , Sharpe Simon , Keeley Fred W. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPolymeric elastin provides the physiologically essential properties of extensibility and elastic recoil to large arteries, heart valves, lungs, skin and other tissues. Although the detailed relationship between sequence, structure and mechanical properties of elastin remains a matter of investigation, data from both the full‐length monomer, tropoelastin, and smaller elastin‐like polypeptides have demonstrated that variations in protein sequence can affect both polymeric assembly and tensile mechanical properties. Here we model known splice variants of human tropoelastin (hTE), assessing effects on shape, polymeric assembly and mechanical properties. Additionally we investigate effects of known single nucleotide polymorphisms in hTE, some of which have been associated with later‐onset loss of structural integrity of elastic tissues and others predicted to affect material properties of elastin matrices on the basis of their location in evolutionarily conserved sites in amniote tropoelastins. Results of these studies show that such sequence variations can significantly alter both the assembly of tropoelastin monomers into a polymeric network and the tensile mechanical properties of that network. Such variations could provide a temporal‐ or tissue‐specific means to customize material properties of elastic tissues to different functional requirements. Conversely, aberrant splicing inappropriate for a tissue or developmental stage or polymorphisms affecting polymeric assembly could compromise the functionality and durability of elastic tissues. To our knowledge, this is the first example of a study that assesses the consequences of known polymorphisms and domain/splice variants in tropoelastin on assembly and detailed elastomeric properties of polymeric elastin.