bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in Lip Support with and without Labial Flanges in a Maxillary Edentulous Population – Part 3: Unblinded and Discriminatory Subjective Analysis
Authors: Bidra Avinash S. , Nguyen Viensuong , Manzotti Anna , Kuo Chia‐Ling 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPurposeTo study the subjective differences in direct lip support assessments and to determine if dentists and laypeople are able to discern and correctly identify direct changes in lip support between flange and flangeless dentures.Materials and MethodsA random sample of 20 maxillary edentulous patients described in part 2 of the study was used for analysis. A total of 60 judges comprising 15 general dentists, 15 prosthodontists, and 30 laypeople, the majority of who were distinct from part 2 of the study, were recruited. All images used in this study were cropped at the infraorbital level and converted to black and white tone, to encourage the judges to focus on lip support. The judges were un‐blinded to the study objectives and told what to look for, and were asked to rate the lip support of each of the 80 images on a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS). The judges then took a discriminatory sensory analysis test (triangle test) where they were required to correctly identify the image with a flangeless denture out of a set of 3 images. Both the VAS and triangle test ratings were conducted twice in a random order, and mean ratings were used for all analyses.ResultsThe overall VAS ratings of lip support for images with flangeless dentures were slightly lower compared to images with labial flanges, and this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). This was true for both profile and frontal images. However, the magnitude of these differences was too small (no greater than 5 mm on a 100‐mm scale) to be clinically significant or meaningful. The differences in VAS ratings were not significant between the judges. For the triangle test, judges overall correctly identified the flangeless denture image in 55% of frontal image sets and 60% of profile image sets. The difference in correct identification rate between frontal and profile images was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). For frontal and profile images, prosthodontists had the highest correct identification rate (61% and 69%), followed by general dentists (53% and 68%) and by laypeople (53% and 50%). The difference in correct identification rate was statistically significant between various judges (p = 0.012). For all judges, the likelihood of correctly identifying images with flangeless dentures was significantly greater than 1/3, which was the minimum chance for correct identification (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsRemoval of a labial flange in a maxillary denture resulted in slightly lower ratings of lip support compared to images with a labial flange, but the differences were clinically insignificant. When judges were forced to look for differences, flangeless dentures were detected more often in profile images. Prosthodontists detected the flangeless dentures more often than general dentists and laypeople.
Stroke recurrence among Filipino patients taking aspirin for first‐ever non‐cardioembolic ischemic stroke
Authors: Jamora Roland Dominic G , Corral Evram V , Ang Mark Angelo , Collantes Maria Epifania V , Gan Robert 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundStroke is the second leading cause of death in the Philippines. There is no Filipino data on stroke recurrence rates.AimThe present study aimed to determine the risk of recurrence for stroke, myocardial infarction and death among Filipino patients taking varying doses of aspirin with first‐ever non‐cardioembolic strokes, and identify factors associated with stroke recurrence.MethodsPatients aged 40–79 years with non‐cardioembolic ischemic stroke within 30 days from symptom onset who were taking varying doses of aspirin were included, and followed up monthly for the occurrence of recurrent stroke, myocardial infarction and/or death. Demographic and clinical data were collected at baseline and during each follow‐up assessment.ResultsA total of 262 patients with first‐ever, non‐cardioembolic stroke were included. The mean age was 56 ± 9 years. The mean follow‐up was 263.4 days. The cumulative survival rate for recurrent stroke was 92.1% at 1 year and 87.6% at 2 years. The cumulative survival rate for combined outcome of recurrent stroke, myocardial infarction, and/ or death was 91.1% at 1 year and 82.1% at 2 years. Stroke recurrence was associated with the lack of effort to modify diet.ConclusionsAmong Filipino patients taking aspirin for first‐ever, non‐cardioembolic ischemic stroke, the risk for stroke recurrence was 7.9% in the first year and 12.4% in the second year. The risk for combined stroke, myocardial infarction, and death was 8.9% in the first year and 17.9% in the second year. The lack of effort to modify diet was associated with stroke recurrence.
Clinical experience with white blood cell‐PET/CT in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease patients with suspected cyst infection: A prospective case series
Authors: Kim Hyunsuk , Oh Yun Kyu , Park Hayne Cho , Park Seokwoo , Lee Soojin , Lee Ho‐young , Hwang Young‐Hwan , Ahn Curie 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimsCyst infection (CI) is a common problem in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Localization is of great importance in CI. We describe the clinical experience with [18F] FDG‐labelled white‐blood cell (WBC) PET/CT in detecting CI in ADPKD.MethodsNineteen ADPKD patients (M:F = 7:12) suspected of having CI were enrolled in this prospective study. All underwent WBC‐PET/CT and MRI or CT. The degree of their WBC accumulation was evaluated from the maximal standardized uptake value of cystic wall.ResultsCyst infection was diagnosed in 14 cases [definite (n = 6), probable (n = 1), or possible (n = 7); kidney (n = 11), or liver (n = 3)]. There was no difference in fever or laboratory findings (White blood cell count, C‐reactive protein, culture results, and eGFR). The blood culture was positive only in a subset of CI patients (n = 4). Cyst fluid culture yielded bacterial growth in 80% of aspirates. WBC‐PET/CT detected 64% of CI cases, whereas conventional imaging, 50%. WBC‐PET/CT showed false‐positive results in two of five cases with no CI. The reasons for false negatives with WBC‐PET/CT were poor host immune reaction, low virulence, or prior antibiotic therapy. Haemorrhagic cysts were the most common cause of false positivity in WBC‐PET/CT. However, WBC‐PET/CT detected CI in three cases, in which the conventional imaging failed to find CI.ConclusionsClinical information may play little role in the diagnosis of CI. WBC‐PET/CT can be used to detect CI with better sensitivity in ADPKD patients, circumventing the exposure to contrast media.
Stress and brain functional changes in patients with Crohn's disease: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Agostini A. , Ballotta D. , Righi S. , Moretti M. , Bertani A. , Scarcelli A. , Sartini A. , Ercolani M. , Nichelli P. , Campieri M. , Benuzzi F. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundIn Crohn's disease (CD) patients, stress is believed to influence symptoms generation. Stress may act via central nervous system pathways to affect visceral sensitivity and motility thus exacerbating gastrointestinal symptoms. The neural substrate underpinning these mechanisms needs to be investigated in CD. We conducted an explorative functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study in order to investigate potential differences in the brain stress response in CD patients compared to controls.Methods17 CD patients and 17 healthy controls underwent a fMRI scan while performing a stressful task consisting in a Stroop color‐word interference task designed to induce mental stress in the fMRI environment.Key ResultsCompared to controls, in CD patients the stress task elicited greater blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signals in the midcingulate cortex (MCC).Conclusions & InferencesThe MCC integrate “high” emotional processes with afferent sensory information ascending from the gut. In light of these integrative functions, the stress‐evoked MCC hyperactivity in CD patients might represent a plausible neural substrate for the association between stress and symptomatic disease. The MCC dysfunction might be involved in mechanisms of central disinhibition of nociceptive inputs leading to amplify the visceral sensitivity. Finally, the stress‐evoked MCC hyperactivity might affect the regulation of intestinal motility resulting in exacerbation of disease symptoms and the autonomic and neuroendocrine regulation of inflammation resulting in enhanced inflammatory activity.
Public Service Motivation Research: Lessons for Practice
Authors: Christensen Robert K. , Paarlberg Laurie , Perry James L. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPublic service motivation research has proliferated in parallel with concerns about how to improve the performance of public service personnel. However, scholarship does not always inform management and leadership. This article purposefully reviews public service motivation research since 2008 to determine the extent to which researchers have identified lessons for practice. The results of the investigation support several lessons—among them using public service motivation as a selection tool, facilitating public service motivation through cooperation in the workplace, conveying the significance of the job, and building leadership based on public service values. These results are important because they offer evidence that the field is coalescing around tactics that managers and leaders can use to address enduring concerns about employee motivation in the public sector. They also prompt us to articulate ideas that can guide a tighter integration of research and practice moving forward.
Discovering Effect Modification in an Observational Study of Surgical Mortality at Hospitals with Superior Nursing
Authors: Lee Kwonsang , Small Dylan S. , Hsu Jesse Y. , Silber Jeffrey H. , Rosenbaum Paul R. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThere is effect modification if the magnitude or stability of a treatment effect varies systematically with the level of an observed covariate. A larger or more stable treatment effect is typically less sensitive to bias from unmeasured covariates, so it is important to recognize effect modification when it is present. We illustrate a recent proposal for conducting a sensitivity analysis that empirically discovers effect modification by exploratory methods but controls the familywise error rate in discovered groups. The example concerns a study of mortality and use of intensive care units in 23715 matched pairs of two Medicare patients, one of whom underwent surgery at a hospital that had been identified for superior nursing; the other at a conventional hospital. The pairs were matched exactly for 130 four-digit ninth international classification of diseases surgical procedure codes and balanced 172 observed covariates. The pairs were then split into five groups of pairs by the classification and regression trees method in its effort to locate effect modification. The evidence of a beneficial effect of magnet hospitals on mortality is least sensitive to unmeasured biases in a large group of patients undergoing quite serious surgical procedures, but in the absence of other life-threatening conditions, such as a comorbidity of congestive heart failure or an emergency admission leading to surgery.
Pharmacokinetic Evidence from the HIRIF Trial To Support Increased Doses of Rifampin for Tuberculosis
Authors: Peloquin C. A. , Velásquez G. E. , Lecca L. , Calderón R. I. , Coit J. , Milstein M. , Osso E. , Jimenez J. , Tintaya K. , Sanchez Garavito E. , Vargas Vasquez D. , Mitnick C. D. , Davies G. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Rifamycins exhibit concentration-dependent killing of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
; higher exposures potentially induce better outcomes. We randomized 180 tuberculosis patients in Peru to receive rifampin at 10, 15, or 20 mg/kg/day. A total of 168 had noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analyses; 67% were sampled twice, and 33% were sampled six times. The doses administered were well tolerated. The median area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 6 h (interquartile range) was 24.9 (17.6 to 32.1), 43.1 (30.3 to 57.5), or 55.5 (35.7 to 73.2) h · μg/ml. The median maximum drug concentration in serum in the experimental arms reached the target of 8 μg/ml. Continued investigation of higher rifampin doses is warranted. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT01408914.)
Prevalence of Invasive Infections Due to Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae among Adult Patients in U.S. Hospitals
Authors: Lodise Thomas , Ye Michael J. , Zhao Qi 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

This large-scale retrospective analysis (
n
= 60,551) of the Premier inpatient database (1 January 2011 to 31 December 2014) found an overall prevalence of carbapenem-resistant
Enterobacteriaceae
strains of 2.3% (range, 0.9% to 5.8% by geographic region) among patients with infections due to
Enterobacteriaceae
. Ongoing monitoring and development of decision support tools/algorithms are needed for identification of high-risk patients.
A Phase 1, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Single-Ascending-Dose Study To Investigate the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of an Anti-Influenza B Virus Monoclonal Antibody, MHAB5553A, in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Lim Jeremy J. , Derby Michael A. , Zhang Yaping , Deng Rong , Larouche Richard , Anderson Malia , Maia Mauricio , Carrier Stéphanie , Pelletier Isabelle , Girard Johanne , Kulkarni Priya , Newton Elizabeth , Tavel Jorge A. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
Influenza B can cause significant morbidity and mortality. MHAB5553A, a human monoclonal immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) antibody that binds to a highly conserved region of the hemagglutinin protein of influenza B virus, is being examined as a novel therapeutic for the treatment of influenza B patients with severe disease. This phase 1, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-ascending-dose study was conducted to assess the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of MHAB5553A. Twenty-six healthy male and female volunteers of >18 years of age were randomized into five cohorts receiving a single intravenous (i.v.) dose of 120, 1,200, 3,600, 8,400, or 10,800 mg MHAB5553A or placebo (four active:one placebo, except for the 120-mg cohort [4:2]). Subjects were followed for 120 days after dosing. No subject discontinued the study, no dose-limiting adverse events or serious adverse events were reported, and a maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was not defined. The most commonly reported adverse events were cold symptoms and headache; most were mild and occurred at a similar rate across all cohorts. MHAB5553A showed no relevant time- or dose-related changes in laboratory values or vital signs compared to the placebo. The observed serum PK was linear and generally dose proportional, and the observed nasal PK was nonlinear and generally non-dose proportional. MHAB5553A is generally well tolerated in healthy volunteers up to at least a single i.v. dose of 10,800 mg and demonstrated linear serum PK consistent with those of a human IgG1 antibody lacking known endogenous targets in humans. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT02528903.)
Efficient Killing of Planktonic and Biofilm-Embedded Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci by Bactericidal Protein P128
Authors: Poonacha Nethravathi , Nair Sandhya , Desai Srividya , Tuppad Darshan , Hiremath Deepika , Mohan Thulasi , Vipra Aradhana , Sharma Umender 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are the major causative agents of foreign-body-related infections, including catheter-related bloodstream infections. Because of the involvement of biofilms, foreign-body-related infections are difficult to treat. P128, a chimeric recombinant phage-derived ectolysin, has been shown to possess bactericidal activity on strains of
Staphylococcus aureus
, including methicillin-resistant
S. aureus
(MRSA). We tested the killing potential of P128 on three clinically significant species of CoNS,
S. epidermidis
,
S. haemolyticus
, and
S. lugdunensis
, under a variety of physiological conditions representing growing and nongrowing states. The MIC
90
and minimum bactericidal concentration at which 90% of strains tested are killed (MBC
90
) of P128 on 62 clinical strains of CoNS were found to be 16 and 32 μg/ml (0.58 and 1.16 μM), respectively, demonstrating the bactericidal nature of P128 on CoNS strains. Serum showed a potentiating effect on P128 inhibition, as indicated by 4- to 32-fold lower MIC values observed in serum. P128 caused a rapid loss of viability in all CoNS strains tested. Persisters of CoNS that were enriched in the presence of vancomycin or daptomycin were killed by P128 at 1× the MIC in a rapid manner. Low concentrations of P128 caused a 2- to 5-log reduction in CFU in stationary-phase or poorly metabolizing CoNS cultures. P128 at low concentrations eliminated CoNS biofilms in microtiter plates and on the surface of catheters. Combinations of P128 and standard-of-care (SoC) antibiotics were highly synergistic in inhibiting growth in preformed biofilms. Potent activity on planktonic cells, persisters, and biofilms of CoNS suggests that P128 is a promising candidate for the clinical development of treatments for foreign-body-related and other CoNS infections.
Efflux Transporter of Siderophore Staphyloferrin A in Staphylococcus aureus Contributes to Bacterial Fitness in Abscesses and Epithelial Cells
Authors: Nakaminami Hidemasa , Chen Chunhui , Truong-Bolduc Que Chi , Kim Eu Suk , Wang Yin , Hooper David C. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

The siderophores staphyloferrin A (SA) and staphyloferrin B (SB) of
Staphylococcus aureus
are essential for iron acquisition in the iron-restricted environment of the host, such as in subcutaneous abscesses. SA and SB are secreted by SfaA and SbnD transporters, respectively. To assess the further function of SfaA and SbnD in
S. aureus
fitness, we tested its effect on murine abscess models and intracellular replication in epithelial cells. Bacterial fitness in abscesses and in epithelial cells was studied, by comparing the parental strains RN6390 and MW2 and their Δ
sfaA
and Δ
sbnD
mutants using competition assays in a murine abscess model and invasion and replication assays with human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549. In the murine abscess model using equal inocula of a Δ
sfaA
or Δ
sbnD
mutant and the wild-type RN6390 strain, the Δ
sfaA
mutant exhibited growth defects of 2.2-fold. Additionally, replication of the Δ
sfaA
mutant within A549 cells was decreased 3.0-fold. In complementation experiments, the Δ
sfaA
mutant carrying plasmid-borne
sfaA
restored the growth fitness in abscesses and epithelial cells. The Δ
sbnD
mutant, in contrast, showed no growth defect in either abscesses or epithelial cells. Our findings demonstrate that the efflux transporter of the siderophore SA contributes to the ability of
S. aureus
to replicate in abscesses and epithelial cells. Furthermore, fitness of
S. aureus
in these sites of replication is not compromised by the absence of transporter SbnD.
Interaction of Mycoplasma hominis PG21 with Human Dendritic Cells: Interleukin-23-Inducing Mycoplasmal Lipoproteins and Inflammasome Activation of the Cell
Authors: Goret J. , Béven L. , Faustin B. , Contin-Bordes C. , Le Roy C. , Claverol S. , Renaudin H. , Bébéar C. , Pereyre S. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTMycoplasma hominislacks a cell wall, and lipoproteins anchored to the extracellular side of the plasma membrane are in direct contact with the host components. A Triton X-114 extract ofM. hominisenriched with lipoproteins was shown to stimulate the production of interleukin-23 (IL-23) by human dendritic cells (hDCs). The inflammasome activation of the host cell has never been reported uponM. hominisinfection. We studied here the interaction betweenM. hominisPG21 and hDCs by analyzing both the inflammation-inducing mycoplasmal lipoproteins and the inflammasome activation of the host cell. IL-23-inducing lipoproteins were determined using a sequential extraction strategy with two nondenaturing detergents, Sarkosyl and Triton X-114, followed by SDS-PAGE separation and mass spectrometry identification. The activation of the hDC inflammasome was assessed using PCR array and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We defined a list of 24 lipoproteins that could induce the secretion of IL-23 by hDCs, 5 with a molecular mass between 20 and 35 kDa and 19 with a molecular mass between 40 and 100 kDa. Among them, lipoprotein MHO_4720 was identified as potentially bioactive, and a synthetic lipopeptide corresponding to the N-terminal part of the lipoprotein was subsequently shown to induce IL-23 release by hDCs. Regarding the hDC innate immune response, inflammasome activation with caspase-dependent production of IL-1β was observed. After 24 h of coincubation of hDCs withM. hominis, downregulation of the NLRP3-encoding gene and of the adaptor PYCARD-encoding gene was noticed. Overall, this study provides insight into both protagonists of the interaction ofM. hominisand hDCs.IMPORTANCEMycoplasma hominisis a human urogenital pathogen involved in gynecologic and opportunistic infections.M. hominislacks a cell wall, and its membrane contains many lipoproteins that are anchored to the extracellular side of the plasma membrane. In the present study, we focused on the interaction betweenM. hominisand human dendritic cells and examined both sides of the interaction, the mycoplasmal lipoproteins involved in the activation of the host cell and the immune response of the cell. On the mycoplasmal side, we showed for the first time thatM. hominislipoproteins with high molecular mass were potentially bioactive. On the cell side, we reported an activation of the inflammasome, which is involved in the innate immune response.
Androstenedione and testosterone levels correlate with in vitro fertilization rates in insulin-resistant women
Authors: Sathyapalan Thozhukat , Dickerson Emily H , Maguiness Stephen M , Robinson John , Dakroury Youssra H Z , Atkin Stephen L 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundThe free androgen index (FAI) calculated using total testosterone measured by immunoassay does not correlate with oocyte fertilization rates; however, there is considerable cross-reactivity for testosterone with other androgens by immunoassay that is not found using isotope dilution liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS).AimsThis study was done to determine relationship between total testosterone and androstenedione measured by LC/MS/MS and fertilization rates.Study design49 infertile women without polycystic ovary syndrome were recruited preceding an in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle. Serum testosterone and androstenedione were measured by LC/MS/MS and correlated with IVF parameters non-insulin resistant compared with insulin resistant (homeostatic model assessment >2.5) women.ResultsFor non-insulin resistant women, total testosterone FAI and androstenedione did not correlate with oocyte fertilization rates. In insulin-resistant women, there was a negative correlation between both testosterone and FAI and fertilization rates (r=−0.62, p<0.03) and r=−0.73, p=0.02, respectively). There was a positive correlation between androstenedione and fertilization rates (r=0.87, p<0.01).ConclusionFor insulin-resistant women, increases in testosterone and FAI were associated with reduced fertilization rates and androstenedione was associated with increased fertilization rates when measured by LC/MS/MS that should be considered to be the measurement method of choice.