bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To study the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus and risk factors associated with GDM
Authors: Anand Maxima , Anand Manan , Mahajan Devinder Singh 
Published: January 2017

Background: Diabetes is estimated to complicate 2-5% of all pregnancies of which 90% of those are detected during pregnancy i.e. gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the rest are overt or pregestational i.e. either Type 1 or Type 2. According to ADA, approximately 7% of all pregnancies are complicated by GDM resulting in more than 2,00,000 cases annually. The aim was to study the incidence of GDM among pregnant women between 24 to 28 weeks of gestation, to evaluate and compare the occurrence of risk factors e.g.; family history of diabetes, prematurity, history of foetal loss and congenital anomaly associated with diabetes in pregnancy.Methods: 50gm of glucose, glucose challenge test (GCT) was given to women coming for antenatal check-up between 24 to 28 weeks of gestation irrespective of presence or absence of risk factors for GDM.1 hour glucose levels were checked. Patients with glucose levels more than 130mg/dl were subjected to 100gm of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) according to Carpenter and Coustan modification of the National Diabetes Data. Data was compiled and statistically analysed.Results: In this study it was observed that 20 (women had raised GCT, 11 (5.3%) women developed GDM out of 206 women. All GDM patients have one or more risk factors. Age >25 years (63.6%) fetal loss (36.3%), BMI (33.3%) are common risk factors followed by family history of diabetes (27.3%).Conclusions: Family history of diabetes and past history of congenital anomalies are statistically significant in GDM group as compared to non GDM.
KERUKUNAN DALAM RITUAL TRAH KEJAWEN BONOKELING DI DESA PEKUNCEN KABUPATEN BANYUMAS
Authors: RACHMADHANI ARNIS 
Published: January 2017

<div class="Section1"><p><em>Penelitia</em><em>n ini adalah penelitian kualitatif yang dilakukan di komunitas adat kejawen di Desa Pekuncen Kabupaten Banyumas. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, pengamatan, dan dokumentasi, Kajian penelitian ini mendeskripsikan ritual </em>unggahan <em>da</em><em>n </em>udunan <em>yang bisa menjadi inspirasi dalam membangun atau menguatkan kerukunan umat beragama. Makna dari kegiatan </em>unggahan <em>atau </em>sadran <em>sebagai persiapan bagi para petani dalam menghadapi musim tanam padi, sedangkan kegiatan </em>udunan <em>sebagai tanda syukur dalam menghadapi musim panen padi. Makna lainnya yaitu kegiatan </em>unggahan <em>ata</em><em>u </em>sadran <em>dalam menghadapi bulan puasa Ramadhan, dan sebagai tanda selesainya adalah </em>udunan<em>.</em></p><p> </p><p><strong><em>Kat</em></strong><strong><em>a kunci: </em></strong><em>Kejawen</em><em>, Bonokeling, unggahan, udunan.</em></p></div>
DINAMIKA PENDIRIAN GEREJA KRISTEN SONGKA DAN GEREJA TORAJA JEMAAT MARANNU DI KOTA PALOPO
Authors: DACHLAN MUH 
Published: January 2017

<p><em>Dinamik</em><em>a pendirian rumah ibadat di Kota Palopo menarik untuk dikaji secara mendalam. Pembukaan pemukiman perumahan-perumahan baru bagi penduduk di Kota Palopo, di satu sisi merupakan kebutuhan mendasar bagi penduduk kota tersebut. Akan tetapi di sisi lain, tumbuh dan berkembangnya pemukiman baru tersebut memunculkan gesekan baru terkait pendirian rumah ibadat. Penelitian dengan pendekatan deskripsi kualitaif ini menemukan tiga temuan utama. Pertama, dalam pendirian rumah ibadat terjadi persaingan antara penduduk muslim dan penduduk muslim dan non muslim. Kedua, terbitnya PBM No 9 dan 8 Tahun 2006 belum mampu secara tuntas menyelesaikan persoalan pendirian rumah ibadat dan hal ini berpotensi menjadi konflik antar pemeluk agama. Ketiga, pendirian gereja masih menyisakan persoalan, baik gereja yang berdiri sebelum PBM lahir maupun gereja yang berdiri setelah regulasi PBM tersebut digulirkan.</em></p><p><strong><em>Kat</em></strong><strong><em>a kunci: </em></strong><em>Ruma</em><em>h Ibadat, Gereja Kristen Songka, Gereja Toraja, PBM No 8 dan 9 tahun 2006.</em></p>
KUALITAS BUTIR SOAL PAI PADA UJIAN SEKOLAH BERSTANDAR NASIONAL
Authors: MUZAYANAH UMI 
Published: January 2017

<div class="Section1"><p><em>Te</em><em>s yang berkualitas harus memiliki kemampuan untuk membedakan peserta tes yang memiliki kemampuan kognitif tinggi dan rendah. Oleh karena itu, merancang sebuah tes harus mengacu pada teori dan prosedur yang tepat. Dengan pendekatan kuantitatif, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kualitas butir soal PAI yang diujikan pada USBN Tahun Pelajaran 2013/2014. Data diperoleh melalui lembar jawab peserta didik kelas XII SMAN 1 Ungaran yang berjumlah 228 lembar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa soal PAI paket A memiliki kualitas lebih baik dibanding paket B. Paket soal A dan B masing- masing hanya memiliki 4% butir dengan taraf kesukaran yang baik. Indeks daya pembeda yang baik hanya dicapai oleh 18% butir pada soal A dan 10% butir pada soal B. Hal ini berarti bahwa jika diujikan pada SMAN 1 Ungaran, kualitas butir soal PAI masih perlu diperbaiki. Secara umum hasil ini belum merepresentasikan kualitas butir soal PAI pada USBN tahun 2013/2014 karena data diperoleh hanya dari satu sekolah.</em></p><p> </p><p><strong><em>Kat</em></strong><strong><em>a kunci: </em></strong><em>PAI</em><em>, kualitas butir soal, indeks daya pembeda, taraf kesukaran, SMAN-1 </em><em>Ungaran.</em></p></div>
NASIONALISME MELALUI PENDIDIKAN AGAMA PADA PESERTA DIDIK SMA/SMK/MA DI WILAYAH PERBATASAN KALIMANTAN BARAT
Authors: Muawanah Siti 
Published: January 2017

<p><em>Indonesi</em><em>a sebagai negara kepulauan memiliki banyak wilayah yang berbatasan dengan negara lain. Tercatat ada sepuluh negara yang beradu perbatasan dengan Indonesia, baik perbatasan laut maupun perbatasan darat. Dalam pergaulan bilateral maupun multilateral banyak masalah yang terjadi antara Indonesia dengan negara- negara tersebut. Salah satu masalah penting yang harus memperoleh perhatian adalah konflik wilayah perbatasan yang dapat mengancam kedaulatan bangsa. Selain itu, ada kecenderungan penduduk perbatasan membandingkan kondisi hidupnya dengan kehidupan warga negara tetangga yang akhirnya menimbulkan keinginan untuk pindah kewarganegaraan. Oleh karena itu, perlu penanaman pentingnya nasionalisme bagi generasi muda, terutama yang berada di wilayah perbatasan. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, tulisan ini menguraikan penanaman nasionalisme peserta didik SMA/MA/SMK di wilayah perbatasan di Kalimantan Barat melalui pendidikan agama dan sikap nasionalisme mereka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai-nilai nasionalisme yang terkandung dalam mata pelajaran tersebut adalah toleransi, demokrasi, HAM, persatuan dan kerukunan, serta Aku Cinta Indonesia. Sikap nasionalisme mereka juga dapat dilihat dari penggunaan bahasa, penggunaan produk ekonomi, kecintaan dan kesediaan berkorban, serta mengembangkan budaya bangsa.</em></p><p> </p><p><strong><em>Kat</em></strong><strong><em>a kunci: </em></strong><em>nasionalisme</em><em>, wilayah perbatasan, Kalimantan Barat, pendidikan agama, SMA/MA/SMK.</em></p>
MEMAHAMI ETNOGRAFI ALA SPRADLEY
Authors: Winarno Koes 
Published: January 2017

<p><em>Ilm</em><em>u pengetahuan berkembang dengan cepat yang menuntut kaum intelektual terus mengikuti perkembangannya agar tidak stagnan dan tidak berpikiran status quo. Paradigma penelitian kualitatif dan kuantitatif juga berkembang dengan keunggulan dan kelemahan masing-masing. Peneliti punya keleluasaan memilih pendekatan yang paling sesuai dengan kebutuhan untuk memecahkan permasalahan penelitian. Pada penelitian kualitatif, seorang peneliti juga harus berbekal teori-teori dan metode yang kuat, salah satunya dengan metode etnografi. Etnografi menjadi dasar antropologi kultural. Teknik utama dari metode etnografi adalah observasi partisipatif yang dilakukan dalam waktu yang relatif lama serta wawancara mendalam yang dilakukan secara terbuka. Spradley sebagai tokoh pengembang etnografi yang relatif lebih moderat membedakan observasi partisipatif dalam empat model, yakni </em>complete, active, moderate, passive<em>, dan </em>non- participation<em>. Teknik ini berfungsi agar peneliti benar-benar bisa memahami pikiran, perilaku, dan kebudayaan sebuah masyarakat secara baik. Kunci agar peneliti bisa memahami masyarakat yang diteliti adalah dengan memahami bahasa lokalnya, karena bahasa lokalnya merupakan ekspresi kebudayaan mereka. Koleksi datanya yang terbaik adalah dengan membuat rekaman atau catatan etnografi secara rutin dan lengkap.</em></p><p><strong><em>Kat</em></strong><strong><em>a kunci: </em></strong><em>penelitia</em><em>n kualitatif, metodologi, etnografi, Spradley</em></p>
PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN KEPALA MADRASAH DAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA GURU MADRASAH TSANAWIYAH DI KECAMATAN KALIWUNGU KABUPATEN KUDUS
Authors: Miyono Noor , Basuki Rakhmat 
Published: January 2017

<p>Teachers play an important role in the success of the performance of school / madrasah. Teacher performance reflects the professionalism of teachers in performing their duties to achieve educational goals. Teacher performance is influenced by several factors, both internal and external, leadership style headmaster and teacher motivation is an important variable among the other factors that can affect the performance of teachers. The problems of this study (1) the influence of leadership style headmaster on teacher performance, (2) whether there is influence motivation to work on teacher performance, (3) whether there is influence leadership style headmaster and motivation to work on teacher performance Madrasah Tsanawiyahin District Kaliwungu Kudus.<br />The study population as much as 241 teachersMadrasah Tsanawiyah in District Kaliwungu Kudus and sample of 150 teachers assigned by proportional random sampling. Methods of data collection using the questionnaire. Validity and reliability of the instrument, linear regression and multiple regression processed using SPSS for Windows Version 16. The results showed that (1) the leadership styles headmaster strong influrnce(69.3%) on teacher performance, (2) strong influence of teacher motivation (72.7%)on teacher performance, (3) the headmaster leadership style and motivation together a strong influence of 77.9% of the performance of teachers Madrasah Tsanwiyah in the district Kaliwungu Kudus.</p>
Ressignificação da educação rural na experiência do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST) no estado do Paraná: o caso das escolas itinerantes
Authors: Jungemann Beate , Nogueira Francis Guimarães 
Published: January 2017

O Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST) do Brasil luta por uma educação escolar autônoma, articulada à luta por uma Reforma Agrária Popular. As Escolas Itinerantes são a expressão do processo de ressignificação da escola rural mediante as práticas políticas desde sua criação em acampamentos no Estado do Paraná. Representam um avanço importante na materialização de outra concepção educacional em construção a partir da vida concreta das comunidades organizadas nas terras ocupadas. As negociações com o Estado do Paraná pela legalização das Escolas Itinerantes e a aceitação de seu Projeto Político Pedagógico significam uma conquista de suas reivindicações pelo direito a uma educação do campo autônoma. Ao mesmo tempo, implicam o começo de um controle burocrático-legal por parte do poder público estatal, que aumenta com a transição do acampamento para o assentamento. Nesse processo transitório, as Escolas Itinerantes se convertem em escolas públicas estaduais e municipais criando novos desafios para o MST, devido à problemática da ressignificação da escola rural em escola do campo.
O papel dos conselhos de acompanhamento e controle social nos planos estaduais de educação alinhados ao PNE 2014-2024
Authors: Souza Donaldo Bello de 
Published: January 2017

Considerando a importância dos Conselhos de Acompanhamento e Controle Social (CACS) tanto para os processos de construção nacional e local da gestão democrática, quanto para a consolidação dos modos de acompanhamento e controle social dos recursos públicos destinados à educação, este artigo visa à análise do seu papel nos Planos Estaduais de Educação (PEEs) alinhados ao PNE 2014-2024, com foco nos Conselhos do Fundo de Manutenção e Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica e de Valorização dos Profissionais da Educação (FUNDEB) e do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE). Evidencia reduzido valor institucional e sociopolítico desses órgãos no âmbito dos sistemas de ensino e, em particular, na esfera do planejamento estadual da educação, quer em função do formalismo e/ou superficialidade refletidos no conjunto das estratégias identificadas nesses PEEs, quer, de forma ainda mais crítica, em decorrência de sucessivas omissões a estes órgãos colegiados, absenteísmos que se estendem a partir da definição do seu papel, passando pela caracterização dos espaços de sua atuação, culminando na explicitação do necessário apoio financeiro e logístico a estes órgãos colegiados.
Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty Provides Higher Activity and Durability Than Valgus-Producing Proximal Tibial Osteotomy at 5 to 7 Years
Authors: Krych Aaron J. , Reardon Patrick , Sousa Paul , Pareek Ayoosh , Stuart Michael , Pagnano Mark 
Published: January 2017

Background:
The cases of patients with medial compartment osteoarthritis who were ≤55 years old and had a proximal tibial osteotomy (PTO) or medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) were compared. Outcomes included postoperative activity level, function, and survivorship free of revision to total knee arthroplasty.

Methods:
Between 1998 and 2013, data were available for 240 patients between 18 and 55 years old with medial compartment arthritis and varus malalignment who were treated either with PTO (57 patients) or with UKA (183 patients). The mean age was 42.7 years for the 57 patients (41 men and 16 women) in the PTO group versus 49.2 years for the 183 patients (82 men and 101 women) in the UKA group. The Tegner activity level and Lysholm knee scores were evaluated at 3 months and at 1, 2, and 5 years postoperatively as well as at the time of the final follow-up. The end point for survival was defined as revision to total knee arthroplasty. A Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to evaluate the difference between the groups with respect to the Tegner and Lysholm scores at the respective follow-up intervals. Multivariate regression was used to assess potential confounders.

Results:
Preoperatively, the PTO and UKA groups had similar Tegner (3.0 ± 1.3 and 2.6 ± 0.09, respectively) and Lysholm scores (69.5 ± 7.3 and 71.6 ± 5.4). Postoperatively, the UKA group had significantly superior mean Tegner scores compared with the PTO group at 3 months (3.82 and 2.02, respectively), at 2 years (4.33 and 3.75), and at the time of the final follow-up (4.48 and 3.08), while the Lysholm scores were higher at 3 months (88.0 and 76.3) and at the final follow-up (90.0 and 80.2) (p < 0.01 for all). Multivariate analysis showed UKA to be an independent predictor of activity level at 3 months, 1 year, and 2 years, as well as at the final follow-up. The survivorship was 77% in the PTO group at an average of 7.2 years and 94% in the UKA group at an average of 5.8 years (p < 0.01). The average time to failure was 98 months (range, 38 to 169 months) in the PTO group and 42 months (range, 2 to 123 months) in the UKA group (p < 0.01).

Conclusions:
In this comparative cohort study of young patients with isolated unicompartmental arthritis, those treated with UKA reached a higher level of activity early after surgery and it persisted at mid-term follow-up. The UKA group had earlier, but less frequent, revision to total knee arthroplasty.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Nonoperatively Corrected Clubfoot at Age 2 Years
Authors: Richards B. Stephens , Faulks Shawne , Razi Ozan , Moualeu Amanda , Jo Chan-Hee 
Published: January 2017

Background:
Nonoperative treatment of idiopathic clubfoot is standard. The purpose of this study was to determine if measurements made on standing lateral radiographs of successfully treated clubfeet made at 18 to 24 months of age were predictive of late recurrence.

Methods:
Inclusion criteria were idiopathic clubfoot with an age at presentation of ≤3 months, nonoperative treatment resulting in a clinically plantigrade foot at 2 years of age, standing lateral radiograph of the involved foot made at 18 to 24 months of age, and a minimum age of 4 years at the time of follow-up. The radiographs were assessed for the talocalcaneal angle and the tibiocalcaneal angle, with measurements made by 2 trained practitioners. The average values of the 2 raters were used. The interobserver reliability was calculated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). A total of 211 patients with 312 clubfeet were evaluated. The average age at the time of follow-up was 8.0 years (range, 4.0 to 13.3 years). Results at the time of follow-up were rated as good (maintained plantigrade foot), fair (required limited surgery to maintain, or return to, a plantigrade position), or poor (required posteromedial release).

Results:
Over time, 75% of the feet had a good result, 19% had a fair result, and 6% had a poor result. With regard to radiographic assessment, the ICCs were 0.97 (talocalcaneal angle) and 0.98 (tibiocalcaneal angle), demonstrating excellent agreement between the raters. The mean talocalcaneal angle differed significantly between the feet with a good clinical outcome and those with a fair outcome (28° versus 24°; p < 0.02), but did not differ significantly between those with a good versus poor outcome (28° versus 26°), or a fair versus poor outcome (24° versus 26°). There were no significant differences in the mean tibiocalcaneal angle among the groups (86°, 90°, and 84°, respectively) (p = 0.17).

Conclusions:
Most clubfeet that were clinically plantigrade at 2 years of age remained so, while one-fourth subsequently required some surgery for late recurrence, primarily limited procedures. The tibiocalcaneal angle and talocalcaneal angle from standing lateral radiographs made at 18 to 24 months of age were not helpful in predicting future relapse.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Core Competencies for General Orthopaedic Surgeons
Authors: Kellam James F. ,   on behalf of the General Orthopaedic Competency Task Force
Published: January 2017

Background:
With the changing delivery of orthopaedic surgical care, there is a need to define the knowledge and competencies that are expected of an orthopaedist providing general and/or acute orthopaedic care. This article provides a proposal for the knowledge and competencies needed for an orthopaedist to practice general and/or acute care orthopaedic surgery.

Methods:
Using the modified Delphi method, the General Orthopaedic Competency Task Force consisting of stakeholders associated with general orthopaedic practice has proposed the core knowledge and competencies that should be maintained by orthopaedists who practice emergency and general orthopaedic surgery.

Results:
For relevancy to clinical practice, 2 basic sets of competencies were established. The assessment competencies pertain to the general knowledge needed to evaluate, investigate, and determine an overall management plan. The management competencies are generally procedural in nature and are divided into 2 groups. For the Management 1 group, the orthopaedist should be competent to provide definitive care including assessment, investigation, initial or emergency care, operative or nonoperative care, and follow-up. For the Management 2 group, the orthopaedist should be competent to assess, investigate, and commence timely non-emergency or emergency care and then either transfer the patient to the appropriate subspecialist’s care or provide definitive care based on the urgency of care, exceptional practice circumstance, or individual’s higher training. This may include some higher-level procedures usually performed by a subspecialist, but are consistent with one’s practice based on experience, practice environment, and/or specialty interest.

Conclusions:
These competencies are the first step in defining the practice of general orthopaedic surgery including acute orthopaedic care. Further validation and discussion among educators, general orthopaedic surgeons, and subspecialists will ensure that these are relevant to clinical practice.

Clinical Relevance:
These competencies provide many stakeholders, including orthopaedic educators and orthopaedists, with what may be the minimum knowledge and competencies necessary to deliver acute and general orthopaedic care. This document is the first step in defining a practice-based standard for training programs and certification groups.
PENGELOLAAN DANA DAN LIKUIDITAS BANK
Authors: Wuryandani Gantiah , Ginting Ramlan , Iskandar Dudy , Sitompul Zulkarnain 
Published: January 2017

This paper analyzes the liquidity of banks, both precautionary and involuntary liquidity. We apply dynamic panel estimation on individual bank data covering the period of Januari 2002 to November 2011. The result shows that precautionary liquidity is more determined by the operation of the bank. On the other hand, the involuntary liquidity is more affected by the financial system condition. Related to the size, the effect of the financial system condition and the macroeconomy is larger for the small banks. Moreover, the monetary policy in the form minimum reserve requirement affects the precautionary liquidity of the small banks; while the central bank rate is less influential to the bank liquidity. Keywords: Banking, Liquidity, General Method of Moment JEL classification: G21, G11, C33
DETERMINANT OF CAPITAL RATIO: A PANEL DATA ANALYSIS ON STATE-OWNED BANKS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Raharjo Pamuji Gesang , Hakim Dedi Budiman , Manurung Adler Haymans , Maulana Tubagus Nur Ahmad 
Published: January 2017

Capital has an important role in maintaining safety of banks and in order to create a sound banking system. Banks are required to have a sufficient amount of capital, both to support its business expansion as well as a buffer to prevent any unexpected loss that banks might face and absorb losses arising from a variety of risks. Eventhough consists of four banks, State owned banks in Indonesia are catalystor for the banking industry in Indonesia. The failure of state-owned banks can affect the stability of Indonesian banking system. This study aims to study and analyze determinants of capital ratio of state-owned banks. Several variables have been used in previous studies to be used a proxy. The study applied panel data regression model. The capital ratio of state-owned banks is affected by asset growth (LNSIZE), equity to total liabilities ratio (EQTL), non performing loan (NPL), interest rate risk (IRR), and operational cost to operational revenue ratio (BOPO) on a different level of significance. Keywords: Capital structure, state-owned commercial banks, panel data JEL Classification: C23; G21; G32