bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical Reflection in Cultural Competence Development: A Framework for Undergraduate Nursing Education
Authors: Blanchet Garneau Amélie 
Published: February 2016

Background:
Nursing faculties are urged to adopt a curriculum that supports culturally competent care and to mentor students to provide care that promotes social justice, particularly for the marginalized members of society. This article describes the development of a framework for critical reflection in cultural competence development among undergraduate nursing students.

Method:
Following the Medical Research Council guidelines for developing complex interventions, empirical and theoretical literature was reviewed to define the framework rationale and its components.

Results:
The resulting framework is grounded in Blanchet Garneau's constructivist model of cultural competence development and Mezirow's transformative learning theory. It clarifies the desired outcomes, the main steps to foster critical reflection among students, and the contextual conditions and prerequisites for teachers and learners.

Conclusion:

Education oriented toward critical reflective practice promotes a full reflection about Western social and clinical practices and points out the role of nurses in reducing health inequities. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2016;55(3):125–132.]
Increasing the Cultural Competence Levels of Undergraduate Nursing Students
Authors: Govere Linda , Fioravanti Marie A. , Tuite Patricia K. 
Published: February 2016

Background:
This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Culturally Competent Nursing Modules (CCNMs) developed by the U.S. Office of Minority Health on improving the cultural competence levels of undergraduate nursing students.

Method:
Students completed the CCNMs over a 2-week period, and their pre- and posttraining cultural competence was assessed using the Inventory for Assessing the Process of Cultural Competence Among Healthcare Professionals–Revised tool.

Results:

The CCNMs were effective in increasing the cultural competence of the nursing students (pretest mean = 68.44 ± 6.58; posttest mean = 79.06 ± 7.99;
t
(17) = 7.44;
d
= 10.61; 95% confidence interval = 7.60, 13.62;
p
< .001). Before training, 89% of the students were culturally aware and 11% were culturally competent. After training, 22%, 67%, and 11% were culturally aware, culturally competent, and culturally proficient, respectively.

Conclusion:

The CCNMs training program is effective and should be incorporated into nursing curricula. [
J Nurs Educ.
2016;55(3):155–159.]
Critical Aspects of Stress in a High-Stakes Testing Environment: A Phenomenographical Approach
Authors: Tagher Catherine Gannon , Robinson Erin M. 
Published: February 2016

Background:
A high-stakes examination is any examination used for tracking or determining promotion or graduation. Therefore, when used as a basis for progression or graduation in nursing, standardized examinations become high stakes for students. High-stakes testing in nursing is a focal stimulus that has been shown to contribute to the negative consequences associated with stress. The adverse effects of stress have the potential to result in unhealthy coping behaviors such as isolation, withdrawal, decreased motivation, and decreased self-efficacy.

Method:
Phenomenography was used to capture the various ways in which students experience stress.

Results:
Six major categories of description emerged. All students experienced stress in relation to high-stakes testing. However, student interviews revealed that students experienced the stress in myriad ways, ranging from fear of not graduating to social isolation and withdrawal.

Conclusion:

Although it is known that high-stakes testing contributes to the development of stress, this study provides evidence of the need for nursing programs to consider the implementation of supportive measures as a means to mitigate student stress and foster student success. [
J Nurs Educ.
2016;55(3):160–163.]
Dos obras de Sol89. Compacidades ahuecadas
Authors: García-Escudero Daniel , Bardí i Milà Berta 
Published: February 2016

El despacho SOL89, compuesto por María González y Juanjo López de la Cruz, desarrolla su actividad profesional desde el año 2000, cuando finalizan sus estudios en la Escuela de Arquitectura de la Universidad de Sevilla. Desde entonces, combinan profesión, docencia e investigación con intensidad y rigor, y alrededor de algunas constantes. Ya sea a través de obra nueva o en construcciones sobre lo existente, cultivan ciertas inquietudes sobre la relación entre los espacios públicos y privados -ámbitos intermedios-, las envolventes gruesas, o la capacidad de la sección para caracterizar espacial y lumínicamente la arquitectura. Con todo, el artículo se centra en dos obras primerizas: el Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología en Sevilla (2001-2007) y el Centro de Exposiciones y Congresos de Ayamonte (2004-2014). Ambas comparten similitudes formales y materiales, como las envolventes de prefabricados de hormigón, aunque responden a estrategias de proyecto diversas, que se podrían sintetizar en “apilar” y “esculpir”.
Air quality and radiative impacts of Arctic shipping emissions in the summertime in northern Norway: from the local to the regional scale
Authors: Marelle Louis , Thomas Jennie L. , Raut Jean-Christophe , Law Kathy S. , Jalkanen Jukka-Pekka , Johansson Lasse , Roiger Anke , Schlager Hans , Kim Jin , Reiter Anja , Weinzierl Bernadett 
Published: February 2016

Abstract. In this study, we quantify the impacts of shipping pollution on air quality and shortwave radiative effect in northern Norway, using WRF-Chem (Weather Research and Forecasting with chemistry) simulations combined with high-resolution, real-time STEAM2 (Ship Traffic Emissions Assessment Model version 2) shipping emissions. STEAM2 emissions are evaluated using airborne measurements from the ACCESS (Arctic Climate Change, Economy and Society) aircraft campaign, which was conducted in the summer 2012, in two ways. First, emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) are derived for specific ships by combining in situ measurements in ship plumes and FLEXPART-WRF plume dispersion modeling, and these values are compared to STEAM2 emissions for the same ships. Second, regional WRF-Chem runs with and without STEAM2 ship emissions are performed at two different resolutions, 3 km  ×  3 km and 15 km  ×  15 km, and evaluated against measurements along flight tracks and average campaign profiles in the marine boundary layer and lower troposphere. These comparisons show that differences between STEAM2 emissions and calculated emissions can be quite large (−57 to +148 %) for individual ships, but that WRF-Chem simulations using STEAM2 emissions reproduce well the average NOx, SO2 and O3 measured during ACCESS flights. The same WRF-Chem simulations show that the magnitude of NOx and ozone (O3) production from ship emissions at the surface is not very sensitive (< 5 %) to the horizontal grid resolution (15 or 3 km), while surface PM10 particulate matter enhancements due to ships are moderately sensitive (15 %) to resolution. The 15 km resolution WRF-Chem simulations are used to estimate the regional impacts of shipping pollution in northern Norway. Our results indicate that ship emissions are an important source of pollution along the Norwegian coast, enhancing 15-day-averaged surface concentrations of NOx ( ∼  +80 %), SO2 ( ∼  +80 %), O3 ( ∼  +5 %), black carbon ( ∼  +40 %), and PM2.5 ( ∼ +10 %). The residence time of black carbon originating from shipping emissions is 1.4 days. Over the same 15-day period, ship emissions in northern Norway have a global shortwave (direct + semi-direct + indirect) radiative effect of −9.3 m Wm−2.
Julius Bahnsen's Influence on Nietzsche's Wills-Theory
Authors: Jensen Anthony K. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
This article traces the development of Nietzsche's early adoption and later rejection of Schopenhauer's theory of Will. I argue that Nietzsche's break with Schopenhauer was coextensive with his acceptance of explanatory naturalism about both external and internal activities. I argue further that a major source for four of his specific arguments against the Schopenhauerian primacy of the one Will was the little-known neo-Schopenhauerian thinker Julius Bahnsen. Using Bahnsen, Nietzsche argues (1) that there is no empirical evidence of a transcendent Will; (2) that explanations of behavior do not require a transcendent Will; (3) that what explains behavior is not a “thing” at all, but a fluid dynamic of strivings; and (4) that these strivings are “guided” even absent a distinct guiding principle.
Impact of a Rapid Blood Culture Assay for Gram-Positive Identification and Detection of Resistance Markers in a Pediatric Hospital
Authors: Felsenstein Susanna , Bender Jeffrey M. , Sposto Richard , Gentry Matthew , Takemoto Carol , Bard Jennifer Dien 
Published: February 2016

Context
Molecular diagnostics allow for rapid identification and detection of resistance markers of bloodstream infection, with a potential for accelerated antimicrobial optimization and improved patient outcomes. Although the impact of rapid diagnosis has been reported, studies in pediatric patients are scarce.

Objective
—To determine the impact of a molecular blood-culture assay that identifies a broad-spectrum of pathogens and resistance markers in pediatric patients with gram-positive bloodstream infections.

Design
Data on the time to antimicrobial optimization, the length of hospitalization, and the hospital cost following implementation of a rapid assay were prospectively collected and compared with corresponding preimplementation data.

Results
—There were 440 episodes from 383 patients included, 221 preimplementation episodes and 219 postimplementation episodes. Overall time to antimicrobial optimization was shortened by 12.5 hours (P = .006), 11.9 hours (P = .005) for bloodstream infections of Staphylococcus aureus specifically. Duration of antibiotics for those with probable blood-culture contamination with coagulase-negative staphylococci was reduced by 36.9 hours (P &lt; .001). Median length of stay for patients admitted to general pediatric units was 1.5 days shorter (P = .04), and median hospital cost was $3757 (P = .03) less after implementation. For S aureus bloodstream infections, median length of stay and hospital cost were decreased by 5.6 days (P = .01) and $13 341 (P = .03), respectively.

Conclusions
Implementation of molecular assay for the detection of gram-positive pathogens and resistance markers significantly reduced time to identification and resistance detection, resulting in accelerated optimization of therapy, shorter length of stay, and decreased health care cost.
Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: An Update From the Pathologists' Perspective
Authors: Roden Anja C. , Yi Eunhee S. 
Published: February 2016

ContextPulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH) is a rare histiocytic disorder that almost exclusively affects the lungs of smokers. PLCH is characterized by bronchiolocentric nodules and/or cysts in an upper and mid lung distribution with sparing of the costophrenic angles. The diagnosis can be challenging and often requires transbronchial biopsy or surgical lung biopsy. Pulmonary hypertension is a relatively common and sometimes severe complication of PLCH. The pathogenesis of PLCH is still debated. Recently, BRAF V600E mutation and BRAF expression have been identified in some patients with PLCH, suggesting that at least a subset of PLCH has a clonal proliferation. While smoking cessation is the first-line treatment of PLCH, some patients might require additional treatment and eventually transplant. Given that the lesional cells of PLCH express BRAF in some patients, MAPKinase pathway–targeted treatment might be useful for therapy-resistant patients.Objective—To present the more recently recognized clinical and pathologic aspects of PLCH, including pulmonary hypertension in PLCH, pathogenesis, and treatment, as well as the basic diagnostic approach to PLCH.Data SourcesAuthors' own research, and search of literature database (PubMed) and UpToDate.Conclusions—Despite the recent progress, more studies are needed to elucidate the biology of PLCH for identification of prognostic factors and appropriate treatment options, especially for therapy-refractory PLCH cases.
Ex Vivo Artifacts and Histopathologic Pitfalls in the Lung
Authors: Thunnissen Erik , Blaauwgeers Hans J. L. G. , de Cuba Erienne M. V. , Yick Ching Yong , Flieder Douglas B. 
Published: February 2016

ContextSurgical and pathologic handling of lung physically affects lung tissue. This leads to artifacts that alter the morphologic appearance of pulmonary parenchyma.Objective—To describe and illustrate mechanisms of ex vivo artifacts that may lead to diagnostic pitfalls.DesignIn this study 4 mechanisms of ex vivo artifacts and corresponding diagnostic pitfalls are described and illustrated.Results—The 4 patterns of artifacts are: (1) surgical collapse, due to the removal of air and blood from pulmonary resections; (2) ex vivo contraction of bronchial and bronchiolar smooth muscle; (3) clamping edema of open lung biopsies; and (4) spreading of tissue fragments and individual cells through a knife surface. Morphologic pitfalls include diagnostic patterns of adenocarcinoma, asthma, constrictive bronchiolitis, and lymphedema.ConclusionFour patterns of pulmonary ex vivo artifacts are important to recognize in order to avoid morphologic misinterpretations.
Association among sexual maturation, overweight and central adiposity in children and adolescents at two schools in são Paulo
Authors: Oliveira Jéssica Rodrigues de , Frutuoso Maria Fernanda Petroli , Gambardella Ana Maria Dianezi 
Published: February 2016

ResumoO objetivo foi analisar a associação entre maturação sexual relativamente acelerada, excesso de peso e adiposidade central em crianças e adolescentes. Foi realizado um estudo longitudinal com 617 crianças e adolescentes de 8 a 18 anos de idade. Foram realizadas três coletas de dados de peso, estatura, perímetro da cintura. O excesso de peso foi classificado com base nos valores críticos do índice de massa corporal (IMC) para crianças e adolescentes brasileiros. Oestágio de maturação sexual (EMS) foi autoavaliado nas três coletas pelas crianças e adolescentes. Os indivíduos foram distribuídos em quartis de idades segundo EMS e sexo. Foramcomparados os indivíduos com maturação relativamente acelerada com os demais indivíduos. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análises de regressão linear e logística. Foi observada associação negativa entre escore z do IMC e idade de início da maturação sexual em meninos, não sendo observada associação no sexo feminino. A maturação sexual relativamente acelerada associou-se positivamente com excesso de peso e com valores de escore z do IMC. Meninas com maturação relativamente acelerada apresentaram maior adiposidade central. A pesquisaconcluiu que a maturação sexual acelerada associou-se com o excesso de peso e maior incremento no IMC em ambos os sexos evidenciando a importância da identificação do estágio de maturação sexual na avaliação nutricional de crianças e adolescentes.
Association between child maltreatment indicators and developmental problems in early childhood education
Authors: Gomez Vanessa Ruiz Vaz , Bazon Marina Rezende 
Published: February 2016

Introdução: a experiência de maus tratos constitui-se em um importante fator de risco ao desenvolvimento humano, a curto e longo prazo. Objetivo: caracterizar uma amostra de crianças em início de escolarização quanto à presença de indicadores de maus tratos infantis e à de problemas emocionais e comportamentais e verificar a associação entre essas variáveis. Métodos: a amostra (n = 40) foi composta por todas as crianças do 1º ano de uma escola municipal cujos pais/responsáveis autorizaram, e seus respectivos professores (n = 6). Para a coleta de dados empregou-se o Inventário de Frases no Diagnóstico de Violência Doméstica contra Crianças e Adolescentes (IFVD) e o Teacher’s Report Form (TRF). Procedeu-se a análises descritivas e inferenciais. Resultados: a pontuação média no IFVD foi de 17,82, fora da faixa de risco, segundo as normas do instrumento. Porém, 30% da amostra obtiveram escore superior a 23, o preconizado para suspeitar de maus tratos. Com isso, estabeleceu-se 2 grupos para a comparação no TRF (crianças suspeitas de serem maltratadas/ crianças sem suspeita). Verificou-se diferenças significativas em Total de Problemas e em Problemas Internalizantes, ainda que em termos médios os dois grupos tenham apresentado performances em níveis normais, em todos os subitens. Conclusão: crianças apresentando indicadores de maus tratos apresentaram também indicadores de depressão e ansiedade, ainda que em níveis não clínicos, corroborando outros estudos. Deve-se, entretanto, considerar que a amostra formada por conveniência pode ter introduzido um viés no tocante à severidade/gravidade dos maus tratos abarcados no estudo. Outros estudos, com amostras maiores e mais diversificadas, devem ser realizados.
Aerosol characterization over the North China Plain: Haze life cycle and biomass burning impacts in summer
Authors: Sun Yele , Jiang Qi , Xu Yisheng , Ma Yan , Zhang Yingjie , Liu Xingang , Li Weijun , Wang Fei , Li Jie , Wang Pucai , Li Zhanqing 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe North China Plain experiences frequent severe haze pollution during all seasons. Here we present the results from a summer campaign that was conducted at Xianghe, a suburban site located between the megacities of Beijing and Tianjin. Aerosol particle composition was measured in situ by an Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor along with a suite of collocated measurements during 1–30 June 2013. Our results showed that aerosol composition at the suburban site was overall similar to that observed in Beijing, which was mainly composed of organics (39%), nitrate (20%), and sulfate (18%). Positive matrix factorization of organic aerosol (OA) identified four OA factors with different sources and processes. While secondary organic aerosol dominated OA, on average accounting for 70%, biomass burning OA (BBOA) was also observed to have a considerable contribution (11%) for the entire study period. The contribution of BBOA was increased to 21% during the BB period in late June, indicating a large impact of agricultural burning on air pollution in summer. Biomass burning also exerted a significant impact on aerosol optical properties. It was estimated that ~60% enhancement of absorption at the ultraviolet spectral region was caused by the organic compounds from biomass burning. The formation mechanisms and sources of severe haze pollution episodes were investigated in a case study. The results highlighted two different mechanisms, i.e., regional transport and local sources, driving the haze life cycles differently in summer in the North China Plain. While secondary aerosol species dominated aerosol composition in the episode from regional transport, organics and black carbon comprised the major fraction in the locally formed haze episode.
The signature of low‐frequency oceanic forcing in the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation
Authors: O'Reilly Christopher H. , Huber Markus , Woollings Tim , Zanna Laure 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) significantly influences the climate of the surrounding continents and has previously been attributed to variations in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Recently, however, similar multidecadal variability was reported in climate models without ocean circulation variability. We analyze the relationship between turbulent heat fluxes and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) over the midlatitude North Atlantic in observations and coupled climate model simulations, both with and without ocean circulation variability. SST anomalies associated with the AMO are positively correlated with heat fluxes on decadal time scales in both observations and models with varying ocean circulation, whereas in models without ocean circulation variability the anomalies are negatively correlated when heat flux anomalies lead. These relationships are captured in a simple stochastic model and rely crucially on low‐frequency forcing of SST. The fully coupled models that better capture this signature more effectively reproduce the observed impact of the AMO on European summertime temperatures.
Role of soil moisture versus recent climate change for the 2010 heat wave in western Russia
Authors: Hauser Mathias , Orth René , Seneviratne Sonia I. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe severe 2010 heat wave in western Russia was found to be influenced by anthropogenic climate change. Additionally, soil moisture‐temperature feedbacks were deemed important for the buildup of the exceptionally high temperatures. We quantify the relative role of both factors by applying the probabilistic event attribution framework and analyze ensemble simulations to distinguish the effect of climate change and the 2010 soil moisture conditions for annual maximum temperatures. The dry 2010 soil moisture alone has increased the risk of a severe heat wave in western Russia sixfold, while climate change from 1960 to 2000 has approximately tripled it. The combined effect of climate change and 2010 soil moisture yields a 13 times higher heat wave risk. We conclude that internal climate variability causing the dry 2010 soil moisture conditions formed a necessary basis for the extreme heat wave.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Magnesium‐Substituted Polystibides [(LMg)4Sb8]
Authors: Ganesamoorthy Chelladurai , Wölper Christoph , Nizovtsev Anton S. , Schulz Stephan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractRedox reactions of [(L1,2Mg)2] and Sb2R4(R=Me, Et) yielded the first Mg‐substituted realgar‐type Sb8polystibides [(L1,2Mg)4(μ4,η2:2:2:2‐Sb8)] (L1=HC[C(Me)N(2,4,6‐Me3C6H2)]2, L2=HC[C(Me)N(2,6‐i‐Pr2C6H3)]2). Compounds [(L1,2Mg)2] serve both as reducing agents, initiating the cleavage of the Sb−C bonds, and as stabilizers for the resulting Sb8polyanion. The polystibides were characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopies, elemental analysis, and X‐ray structure analysis. In addition, results from quantum chemical calculations are presented.
HandaPhos: A General Ligand Enabling Sustainable ppm Levels of Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Couplings in Water at Room Temperature
Authors: Handa Sachin , Andersson Martin P. , Gallou Fabrice , Reilly John , Lipshutz Bruce H. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe new monophosphine ligand HandaPhos has been identified such that when complexed in a 1:1 ratio with Pd(OAc)2, enables Pd‐catalyzed cross‐couplings to be run using ≤1000 ppm of this pre‐catalyst. Applications to Suzuki–Miyaura reactions involving highly funtionalized reaction partners are demonstrated, all run using environmentally benign nanoreactors in water at ambient temperatures. Comparisons with existing state‐of‐the‐art ligands and catalysts are discussed herein.
Die Borosulfate K4[BS4O15(OH)], Ba[B2S3O13] und Gd2[B2S6O24]
Authors: Gross Peter , Kirchhain Arno , Höppe Henning A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractK4[BS4O15(OH)], Ba[B2S3O13] und Gd2[B2S6O24] wurden durch einen neuen Syntheseansatz erhalten. Dabei wurde zunächst die komplexe Säure H[B(HSO4)4] hergestellt; diese wurde anschließend in einem offenen System mit wasserfreien Chloriden von K, Ba und Gd zu den jeweiligen Borosulfaten und einem flüchtigen Molekül (HCl) umgesetzt. Protonierte Borosulfate sollten ebenfalls zugänglich sein, indem eine geeignete Stöchiometrie der Startmaterialien eingestellt wird, besonders in geschlossenen Systemen, welche die Deprotonierung von H[B(HSO4)4] über Kondensation und Dehydratisierung hemmen. Dieser Ansatz führte zur Synthese der ersten Borosulfate zwei‐ und dreiwertiger Kationen (Ba[B2S3O13] und Gd2[B2S6O24] mit Bandsilicat‐ bzw. Ringsilicat‐Topologien) sowie des ersten protonierten Alkalimetallborosulfats (K4[BS4O15(OH)]).