bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of consumer‐directed care on quality of life in the community aged care sector
Authors: Bulamu Norma , Kaambwa Billingsley , Gill Liz , Cameron Ian , McKechnie Sue , Fiebig Jeff , Grady Robin , Ratcliffe Julie 
Published: August 2016

AimAll consumer‐directed care (CDC) models aim to transfer “choice” and “control” over the allocated funds from the aged care provider to service recipients. This study presents an empirical assessment of the relationships between quality of life for older adults aged ≥65 years receiving community aged care services in Australia under CDC compared with those receiving traditional provider‐directed care (PDC).MethodsSelf‐reported quality of life (health status and capabilities) were measured for older adults receiving community aged care services (n = 139) using the EuroQoL five dimensions five‐level version and the older people‐specific capability index (ICECAP‐O) instruments. The relationship between quality of life, mode of service delivery, and other sociodemographic characteristics were examined using descriptive statistical and multivariate regression analyses.ResultsThe quality of life of individuals receiving CDC and PDC was similar (ICECAP‐O: CDC mean 0.74 [SD 0.17], PDC mean 0.78 [SD 0.17]. EuroQoL five dimensions five‐level version: CDC mean 0.46 [SD 0.33], PDC mean 0.49 [SD0.27]). In general, individuals in receipt of CDC reported higher levels of capability in the control and independence dimension for the ICECAP‐O relative to those receiving PDC. Multivariate regression analysis showed that living alone was associated with higher quality of life (P = 0.01) and higher levels of capability (P = 0.02).ConclusionsAlthough no discernible differences in overall quality of life were found, higher levels of self‐reported control and independence for those in receipt of CDC suggest that the main policy objectives of transferring “choice” and “control” away from the aged care provider and to the individual are being met. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1399–1405.
Helicobacter pylori and non‐malignant upper gastrointestinal diseases
Authors: Vasapolli Riccardo , Malfertheiner Peter , Kandulski Arne 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPeptic ulcer disease (PUD) has been further decreased over the last decades along with decreasing prevalence of Helicobacter pylori‐associated PUD. A delayed H. pylori eradication has been associated with an increased risk of rehospitalization for complicated recurrent peptic ulcer and reemphasized the importance of eradication especially in patients with peptic ulcer bleeding (PUB). PUB associated with NSAID/aspirin intake and H. pylori revealed an additive interaction in gastric pathophysiology which favors the “test‐and‐treat” strategy for H. pylori in patients with specific risk factors. The H. pylori‐negative and NSAID‐negative “idiopathic PUD” have been increasingly observed and associated with slower healing tendency, higher risk of recurrence, and greater mortality. Helicobacter pylori‐associated dyspepsia has been further investigated and finally defined by the Kyoto consensus. Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy is advised as first option in this group of patients. Only in the case of symptom persistence or recurrence after eradication therapy, dyspeptic patients should be classified as functional dyspepsia (FD). There were few new data in 2015 on the role of H. pylori infection in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and in particular Barrett's esophagus. A lower prevalence of gastric atrophy with less acid output in patients with erosive esophagitis confirmed previous findings. In patients with erosive esophagitis, no difference was observed in healing rates neither between H. pylori‐positive and H. pylori‐negative patients nor between patients that underwent eradication therapy compared to patients without eradication. These findings are in line with the current consensus guidelines concluding that H. pylori eradication has no effects on symptoms and does not aggravate preexisting GERD.
Gastric cancer pathogenesis
Authors: Berger Hilmar , Marques Miguel S. , Zietlow Rike , Meyer Thomas F. , Machado Jose C. , Figueiredo Ceu 
Published: August 2016

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) results from a multistep process that is influenced by Helicobacter pylori infection, genetic susceptibility of the host, as well as of other environmental factors. GC results from the accumulation of numerous genetic and epigenetic alterations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, leading to dysregulation of multiple signaling pathways, which disrupt the cell cycle and the balance between cell proliferation and cell death. For this special issue, we have selected to review last year's advances related to three main topics: the cell of origin that initiates malignant growth in GC, the mechanisms of direct genotoxicity induced by H. pylori infection, and the role of aberrantly expressed long noncoding RNAs in GC transformation. The understanding of the molecular basis of GC development is of utmost importance for the identification of novel targets for GC prevention and treatment.
Gastric cancer – clinical and epidemiological aspects
Authors: Venerito Marino , Link Alexander , Rokkas Theodoros , Malfertheiner Peter 
Published: August 2016

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) ranks fifth for cancer incidence and second for cancer deaths. Epidemiological data showed that survivors of Hodgkin's lymphoma and patients with pernicious anemia etiologically linked to autoimmune gastritis are at increased risk of GC. Screening of patients with autoimmune thyroid disease by means of pepsinogen (PG) I and PG I/II detected autoimmune gastritis with oxyntic gastric atrophy in one of four patients and may be recommended for GC prevention purposes. The International Agency for Research on Cancer reported a positive association between consumption of processed meet and increased GC risk. A new GC risk prediction model based on biological markers, age, gender, smoking status, family history of GC, and consumption of highly salted food showed good predictive performance, and might prompt individuals to modify their lifestyle habits, attend regular check‐up visits or participate in screening programs. A novel GC classification based on gene expression of primary resected cancers correlated with clinicopathological features. Noncoding RNA for GC screening remains the focus of multiple studies. Patients with early GC undergoing endoscopic resection are more likely to develop metachronous lesions than patients undergoing surgery and endoscopic surveillance is warranted in this special cohort. The addition of gastrectomy to chemotherapy did not improve survival of patients with advanced GC and a single noncurable factor. Apatinib, a novel oral vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, improved the median overall survival of patients with advanced GC and progressive disease after two or more lines of prior chemotherapy of nearly 3 months.
Effects of hair sprays on colour perception: a hyperspectral imaging approach to shine and chroma on heads
Authors: Puccetti G. , Thompson W. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectivesHair sprays apply fixative ingredients to provide hold to a hair style as well as weather resistance and optical properties such as shine. Generally, sprays distribute fine particles containing polymeric ingredients to form a thin film on the surface of hair. Different hair types require different strengths of the formed deposit on the hair surface. The present study shows how sprays also alter the visibility of the hair colour by altering the surface topology of the hair fibres.MethodsHyperspectral imaging is used to map spectral characteristics of hair on mannequins and panelists over the curvature of heads. Spectral and spatial characteristics are measured before and after hair spray applications. The hair surface is imaged by SEM to visualize the degree of cuticle coverage. Finally, the perception of hair colour was evaluated on red‐coloured mannequins by consumer questionnaire.ResultsHair sprays deposit different degrees of fixatives, which lead to a progressive leveling of the cuticle natural tilt angle with respect to the fibre axis. As a result, shine is progressively shifting towards the region of hair colour visibility and decreases the perceived colour of hair seen by consumers. Lighter sprays show thinner film formation on the hair surface and less of a shine shift than strong hold hair sprays.ConclusionsHair sprays are generally employed for hair style hold and weather resistance and considered without effect on hair colour. Our approach shows that spray‐deposited films can affect colour perception by altering the microstructure of the hair surface. Thin films deposited on the hair fibre surface can partially fill gaps between cuticles, which reduces the cuticle natural angle. This partial erasure results in a angle shift of the shine regions towards the angle of internal reflection, thus decreasing the perceived hair colour regions as experienced by a group of consumers.
Productivity in German manufacturing firms: Does fixed‐term employment matter?
Authors: NIELEN Sebastian , SCHIERSCH Alexander 
Published: August 2016

AbstractUsing a large data set of German manufacturing establishments and various panel data models, the authors investigate the relationship between labour productivity and the use of fixed‐term employment, taking account of the possible distortions that may result from self‐selection into the use of fixed‐term contracts. Their empirical results provide no evidence for the expected inverse U‐shaped relationship between fixed‐term employment and labour productivity, and testing for a linear relationship leads to mostly negative coefficients that are only significant in a few specifications. Overall, their results thus indicate that there is no significant relationship between the use of fixed‐term contracts and labour productivity.
Utility of surgical lung biopsy in critically ill patients with diffuse pulmonary infiltrates: a retrospective review
Authors: Donaldson L. H. , Gill A. J. , Hibbert M. 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundThere are conflicting reports regarding the role of surgical lung biopsies in patients who present to the intensive care unit (ICU) with unexplained respiratory failure and diffuse pulmonary infiltrates on imaging.AimTo describe the utility of surgical lung biopsies in patients presenting to the ICU with unexplained respiratory failure and diffuse pulmonary infiltrates.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed. All patients admitted to the ICU who underwent a surgical lung biopsy for the investigation of respiratory failure and unexplained pulmonary infiltrates between 1998 and 2012 were included. The primary outcome measures for this descriptive study were the biopsy histopathology, changes in patient management following biopsy and in‐hospital mortality.ResultsA total of 30 patients was included in the review. Biopsies in 22 patients (73%) demonstrated diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), with 15 of these biopsies (50%) suggesting a specific underlying aetiology. In 73% of cases (n = 22), the biopsy finding was associated with a change in management, although this generally involved the escalation of an existing therapy rather than initiation of a new treatment. Biopsies were performed at a median 10 days after admission (interquartile range 5–17 days), with the majority of patients being treated empirically prior to the biopsy with systemic steroids and broad‐spectrum antimicrobials. Mortality was 53%.ConclusionIn this series, DAD was the most frequent pathology. The biopsy result was associated with a change in management in a majority of the subjects, most frequently an escalation of prior empiric therapy. Mortality was high.
Clinical trials of medicinal cannabis for appetite‐related symptoms from advanced cancer: a survey of preferences, attitudes and beliefs among patients willing to consider participation
Authors: Luckett T. , Phillips J. , Lintzeris N. , Allsop D. , Lee J. , Solowij N. , Martin J. , Lam L. , Aggarwal R. , McCaffrey N. , Currow D. , Chye R. , Lovell M. , McGregor I. , Agar M. 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundAustralian clinical trials are planned to evaluate medicinal cannabis in a range of clinical contexts.AimsTo explore the preferences, attitudes and beliefs of patients eligible and willing to consider participation in a clinical trial of medicinal cannabis for poor appetite and appetite‐related symptoms from advanced cancer.MethodsA cross‐sectional anonymous survey was administered from July to December 2015 online and in eight adult outpatient palliative care and/or cancer services. Respondents were eligible if they were ≥18 years, had advanced cancer and poor appetite/taste problems/weight loss and might consider participating in a medicinal cannabis trial. Survey items focused on medicinal rather than recreational cannabis use and did not specify botanical or pharmaceutical products. Items asked about previous medicinal cannabis use and preferences for delivery route and invited comments and concerns.ResultsThere were 204 survey respondents, of whom 26 (13%) reported prior medicinal cannabis use. Tablets/capsules were the preferred delivery mode (n = 144, 71%), followed by mouth spray (n = 84, 42%) and vaporiser (n = 83, 41%). Explanations for preferences (n = 134) most commonly cited convenience (n = 66; 49%). A total of 82% (n = 168) of respondents indicated that they had no trial‐related concerns, but a small number volunteered concerns about adverse effects (n = 14) or wanted more information/advice (n = 8). Six respondents volunteered a belief that cannabis might cure cancer, while two wanted assurance of efficacy before participating in a trial.ConclusionJustification of modes other than tablets/capsules and variable understanding about cannabis and trials will need addressing in trial‐related information to optimise recruitment and ensure that consent is properly informed.
Parents’ and children's knowledge of oral health: a qualitative study of children with cleft palate
Authors: Davies Karen , Lin Yin‐Ling , Callery Peter 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundChildren with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) are prone to poorer oral health outcomes than their peers, with serious implications for treatment. Little is known of the knowledge and practice of children with CLP in caring for teeth and how these contribute to oral health.AimTo investigate (i) parents’ and children's knowledge of oral health, (ii) how knowledge is acquired, and (iii) how knowledge is implemented.DesignA qualitative design was used to investigate knowledge, beliefs, and practices reported by parents and children, age 5–11 years with CLP. Data were collected from 22 parents and 16 children and analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsFour themes were derived as follows: (i) implicit knowledge: children express simple knowledge underpinned by basic rationales, (ii) situated knowledge: children gain skills as part of everyday childhood routines, (iii) maintaining good practice in oral health: parents take a lead role in motivating, monitoring, and maintaining children's toothbrushing, and (iv) learning opportunities: pivotal moments provide opportunities for children to extend their knowledge.ConclusionDevelopers of oral health education interventions should take account of children's implicit knowledge and the transmission of beliefs between generations that influence toothbrushing behaviours. This could enhance interventions to support parents and children's practice.
Meta‐analysis of the effectiveness of educational interventions for breastfeeding promotion directed to the woman and her social network
Authors: Oliveira Isabella Beatriz Barbosa , Leal Luciana Pedrosa , Coriolano‐Marinus Maria Wanderleya de Lavor , Santos Alessandro Henrique da Silva , Horta Bernardo Lessa , Pontes Cleide Maria 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of educational interventions focusing on women and their social network for the promotion of exclusive breastfeeding up to the age of 6 months.BackgroundDespite the advantages of breastfeeding and strategies available for its promotion, early weaning is common worldwide.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis based on the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines.Data sourcesA search was performed in databases (LILACS, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science and Cochrane Library), reference lists and grey literature. There was no limitation on the studies' year of publication.Review methodsJBI‐MAStARI software were used. The meta‐analysis was performed using Stata version 13·0. The effect was estimated by odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals.ResultsOf 7201 identified studies, 11 made up the review's corpus. Educational interventions were about twice as effective compared with routine interventions used in the control groups. It was evident that educational interventions have focused only on the woman and have not covered all five types of support she needs to breastfeed.ConclusionEducational interventions were about twice as effective in promoting exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months old. There is a need for further studies applying interventions that address women and their social network from the prenatal period, considering all types of support.
Factors that determine self‐reported immunosuppressant adherence in kidney transplant recipients: a correlational study
Authors: Weng Li‐Chueh , Yang Ya‐Chen , Huang Hsiu‐Li , Chiang Yang‐Jen , Tsai Yu‐Hsia 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimsTo determine the factors related to immunosuppressant therapy adherence in kidney transplant recipients in Taiwan.BackgroundAdherence to immunosuppressant treatment is critical after kidney transplantation. Thus, the factors associated with self‐reported medication adherence in kidney transplant recipients warrant investigation.DesignThe study used a cross‐sectional and correlation design.MethodsA convenience sample of 145 kidney transplant recipients was included. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data during 2012–2013. Multivariate linear regression was used to examine the factors related to immunosuppressant therapy adherence.ResultsOver half of the participants were female (54·5%), mean age was 45·5 years, and mean year after transplant was 7·4. The mean score for medication adherence was 29·73 (possible score range 7‐35). The results of the multivariate linear regression analysis showed that gender (male), low income with a high school or college education, years after transplantation and concerns about medication taking were negatively associated with adherence. Medication self‐efficacy was positively associated with adherence. Therapy‐related factors, partnerships with healthcare professionals and having private healthcare insurance did not significantly relate to immunosuppressant therapy adherence.ConclusionsKidney transplant recipients demonstrated a high level of adherence. Strategies to enhance patients’ self‐efficacy and alleviate concerns about medication may promote medication adherence. Male patients, those with a lower income and those with a higher education level, should be a focus of efforts to maintain adherence to the medication regimen.
A world shared – a world apart: the experience of families after the death of a significant other late in life
Authors: Naef Rahel , Ward Richard , Mahrer‐Imhof Romy , Grande Gunn 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the death of an older member on families.BackgroundThe death of a significant other in later life is a dramatic moment. Research has demonstrated that some older persons face negative consequences for their well‐being. A majority, however, exhibit resilience in the wake of loss. Nonetheless, the relational process through which older persons come to terms with the loss in interaction with their families is little understood, but vital to support bereaved families.DesignHeideggerian hermeneutic phenomenology.MethodsA purposive sample of ten older persons with their families, represented by children, grandchildren and in‐laws (n = 30) were interviewed several times in 2013, alone (n = 16) and in family groups (n = 21), 6‐23 months after their significant other's death (mean age 81 years). Data collection and thematic analysis was informed by van Manen's and Benner's analytical strategies.FindingsThree family themes were discerned. First, through meaning‐making, bereaved families weaved the death into their family narrative. Second, through sharing‐not sharing their feelings and daily moments, family members lived with the loss both together and alone. Third, some families faced upheaval in their family life, which required them to re‐create their everyday life, whereas other families continued with little change.ConclusionsFindings demonstrate that families hold an inherent capacity to make meaning of the death and enact family thereafter. Family relations arose as interplay of different, contradicting forces. Nurses should facilitate families’ meaning‐making of the death, attend to their converging and diverging sense of loss and strengthen family caring.
Efficacy of adjunctive anti‐plaque chemical agents: a systematic review and network meta‐analyses of the Turesky modification of the Quigley and Hein plaque index
Authors: Escribano Marta , Figuero Elena , Martín Conchita , Tobías Aurelio , Serrano Jorge , Roldán Silvia , Herrera David 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this systematic review and network meta‐analysis (NMA) was to compare the efficacy of different anti‐plaque chemical agents, in 6‐month, home‐use, randomized clinical trials (RCTs), in terms of plaque index (PlI) changes.Material and MethodsRCTs assessing PlI were identified, screened, and evaluated for inclusion. Relevant information was extracted, and quality and risk of bias were assessed. Mean differences between baseline‐end were calculated to obtain weighted mean differences and 95% confidence intervals. NMA protocols were applied to assess direct and indirect comparisons among products using Turesky PlI.ResultsEighty‐three papers were included: 49 examined dentifrices, 32 mouthrinses and 2 both. The NMA analysed 51 studies including data from 4242 and 4180 subjects for dentifrices and mouthrinses respectively. For dentifrices, triclosan‐copolymer and chlorhexidine showed the greatest effect, with significant differences when compared with stannous fluoride. For mouthrinses, essential oils and chlorhexidine showed the greatest effect, with significant differences when compared with delmopinol, alexidine and cetylpyridinium chloride.ConclusionWithin the limitations of this study (including the severe imbalance in the amount of evidence), dentifrices containing triclosan‐copolymer or chlorhexidine and mouthrinses containing essential oils or chlorhexidine showed the greatest effect on PlI scores as assessed with NMA.