bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative metabolites profiling of different solvent extracts of Asparagus species cladodes using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics and molecular networking
Authors: Maphari Pfano W. , Simelane Mthokozisi B. C. , Madala Ntakadzeni E. , Mhlongo Msizi I. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionAsparagus species are naturally distributed worldwide and are known for their pharmacological properties that offer cures for various ailments. However, the metabolic choreography of these Asparagus species is not well characterized, and the compounds contributing to their bioactivities remain unknown.ObjectiveThis study aimed to profile and compare the metabolomes of three Asparagus species cladodes using different solvent extractions.MethodsAn ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics and molecular networking approach was used to study the effects of different solvents (ethyl acetate, methanol, and chloroform) with varying polarity on metabolites extraction and identification of bioactive compounds from three Asparagus species cladodes (Asparagus falcatus, Asparagus plumosus, and Asparagus densiflorus ‘Meyersii’).ResultsMultivariate statistical analyses (mainly principal component analysis) revealed a significant separation between the three solvents and the three species, indicating notable metabolic differences. A total of 118 metabolites were identified in the three species extracted with the different solvents, with methanolic and chloroform extracts containing more metabolites compared with ethyl acetate extracts. These metabolites were identified as belonging to the flavonoids, cinnamic acids, organooxygen compounds, steroids, fatty acids, benzenes, and glycerophospholipids compound classes. Furthermore, these compounds classes were differentially distributed among the three species, indicating chemical/chemotaxis differences between the compared species. Chloroform and methanol are recommended as the optimal solvents to obtain a high content of phytochemical compounds from Asparagus species cladodes.
The spatial separation of basic amino acids is similar in RHAMM and hyaluronan binding peptide P15‐1 despite different sequences and conformations
Authors: Erkanli Mehmet Emre , Kang Ted Keunsil , Kirsch Thorsten , Turley Eva A. , Kim Jin Ryoun , Cowman Mary K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPeptides that increase pro‐reparative responses to injury and disease by modulating the functional organization of hyaluronan (HA) with its cell surface binding proteins (e.g., soluble receptor for hyaluronan‐mediated motility [RHAMM] and integral membrane CD44) have potential therapeutic value. The binding of RHAMM to HA is an attractive target, since RHAMM is normally absent or expressed at low levels in homeostatic conditions, but its expression is significantly elevated in the extracellular matrix during tissue stress, response‐to‐injury, and in cancers and inflammation‐based diseases. The HA‐binding site in RHAMM contains two closely spaced sequences of clustered basic amino acids, in an alpha‐helical conformation. In the present communication, we test whether an alpha‐helical conformation is required for effective peptide binding to HA, and competitive disruption of HA–RHAMM interaction. The HA‐binding RHAMM‐competitive peptide P15‐1, identified using the unbiased approach of phage display, was examined using circular dichroism spectroscopy and the conformation‐predictive AI‐based AlphaFold2 algorithm. Unlike the HA‐binding site in RHAMM, peptide P15‐1 was found to adopt irregular conformations in solution rather than alpha helices. Instead, our structural analysis suggests that the primary determinant of peptide‐HA binding is associated with a specific clustering and spacing pattern of basic amino acids, allowing favorable electrostatic interaction with carboxylate groups on HA.
A novel method to quantify TSG‐6 protein levels in synovial fluid from osteoarthritis patients
Authors: Scott Jenny L. , Dong Yan , Yin Junying , Dodd Rebecca J. , Kouvatsos Nikolaos , Drummond Sheona P. , Anand Sanjay , Biant Leela C. , Milner Caroline M. , Day Anthony J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTSG‐6, the protein product of Tumor Necrosis Factor‐stimulated gene‐6, is a potential biomarker of disease activity/progression in osteoarthritis (OA). By ELISA, TSG‐6 is elevated in synovial fluid (SF) from OA patients and its catalytic activity, for the covalent transfer of inter‐α‐inhibitor heavy chains onto hyaluronan (HA), is reported to correlate with progression to total knee replacement. Here, quantitative western blot (qWB) analysis, following sequential digestion with hyaluronidase and chondroitinase enzymes, was developed for the accurate determination of TSG‐6 levels in SFs. qWB analysis of 125 OA SFs yielded values of 1.0–45.2 μg/mL (median: 3.9 μg/mL), 100–1000‐fold higher than those previously reported; TSG‐6 concentration was positively correlated with age and pain/outcome scores in male patients. The values determined, by ELISA or a heavy chain transfer activity assay, following the same digestion conditions (in 23 SFs), were both ≥10‐fold lower. Apparent TSG‐6 catalytic activity was significantly affected by the concentration of HA present in SF or added exogenously. Thus, the interactions of TSG‐6 with components of OA SF prevent accurate determination of its concentration/activity when using existing assays. However, the quantitative western blot method developed here appears more suitable for further evaluation of the utility of TSG‐6 as a biomarker in OA.
FTD‐MND: Importance of Specialised Multidisciplinary Input
Authors: Owen David , Dawson Kenneth , Varanasi Amrita 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTA case of frontotemporal dementia with motor neurone disease (FTD‐MND) is presented including diagnosis and inpatient management. This rare form of dementia demonstrates that input from multiple professional sources is required to effectively manage this condition. It highlights the ongoing need experienced by this small but significant population of dementia sufferers.
The nuclear pore protein Nup2 is essential for growth and development, stress response, pathogenicity and deoxynivalenol biosynthesis in Fusarium graminearum
Authors: Wang Yaxuan , Zhang Chengqi , Zhao Xiaozhen , Qiu Yuxin , Wang Xiaoyan , Zhao Chenzhong , Qi Yongxia , Wan Qiong , Chen Li 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDWheat is an important grain crop that has been under serious threat from Fusarium graminearum. Nup2, a member of the nuclear pore complex, plays an important role in regulating eukaryotic nuclear protein transport and participates in gene regulation. Dissecting the function of nuclear pore proteins in pathogenic fungi may provide effective targets for novel fungicides.RESULTSMutants exhibited nutritional growth defects, asexual/sexual developmental abnormalities. Deficiency of FgNup2 resulted in increased resistance of Fusarium graminearum to cell wall disruptors and increased sensitivity to metal ions. Pathogenicity analyses showed that the mutant was significantly less virulent on flowering wheat ears, consistent with the observed decrease in deoxynivalenol (DON) production. Furthermore, we showed that FgNup2 interacts synergistically with FgTri6, a transcription factor of the TRI family, to regulate the expression of toxin‐producing genes, which, in turn, affects the biosynthesis of DON and related toxins.CONCLUSIONThis study revealed that FgNup2 plays important roles in the growth and development, cell wall integrity, stress response, pathogenicity, and DON synthesis of F. graminearum. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Spin‐s$s$ Dicke States and Their Preparation
Authors: Nepomechie Rafael I. , Ravanini Francesco , Raveh David 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe notion of spin‐ Dicke states is introduced, which are higher‐spin generalizations of usual (spin‐1/2) Dicke states. These multi‐qudit states can be expressed as superpositions of qudit Dicke states. They satisfy a recursion formula, which is used to formulate an efficient quantum circuit for their preparation, whose size scales as , where is the number of qudits and is the number of times the total spin‐lowering operator is applied to the highest‐weight state. The algorithm is deterministic and does not require ancillary qudits.
Unravelling diagnostic challenges: A case report of pulmonary langerhans cell histiocytosis with atypical radiologic presentation
Authors: Inauen Joseph , Barry Simone 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis clinical case highlights the diagnostic challenges encountered in a young adult smoker presenting with undifferentiated pulmonary nodules. Initial investigations were inconclusive, necessitating surgical lung biopsy due to the nodules' size and location. The histopathological examination revealed pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH). This emphasizes the importance of considering PLCH in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary nodules, particularly in smokers. Moreover, it underscores the value of surgical biopsy in cases where other diagnostic techniques are limited. Early recognition and accurate diagnosis are crucial for optimal management and outcomes in PLCH.
Portable X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry accurately measures metal concentrations in aqueous Mehlich III soil extraction solutions
Authors: Hart Emma J. A. , Siebecker Matthew G. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAccurate measurement of metal concentrations in soil and water is vital for healthy crop production and decision making for environmental surveys. While there are a multitude of laboratory‐based soil analysis methods, such as inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectroscopy (ICP‐OES), flame emission spectrometry, and atomic absorption spectroscopy, most are time and resource intensive. Additionally, there is a lack of information for rapid analysis of elements for aqueous soil extractions. The goal of this research is to establish elemental correlations between portable X‐ray fluorescence (pXRF) measurements of Mehlich III soil extractions and traditional elemental measurements via ICP‐OES. We hypothesize that certain metals can be accurately measured in aqueous soil extraction solutions by pXRF to the same degree as they are measured by ICP‐OES. To test this hypothesis, Mehlich III and 2% nitric acid solutions with known elemental concentrations were analyzed via ICP‐OES and pXRF. Soil samples extracted using Mehlich III were compared between ICP‐OES and pXRF to verify correlations. High correlations were found for As, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, V, and Zn in both the Mehlich III and 2% nitric acid solutions at concentrations between 5 and 85 mg L−1. P, S, and Si did not show high correlations at concentrations <100 mg L−1. These results indicate that between 5 and 85 mg L−1, pXRF analysis of aqueous solutions and soil extractions is a reliable technique; however, at low concentrations (i.e., <5 mg L−1 for metals and <100 mg L−1 for P and S), pXRF is not well suited.
Advancing green education in MENA region: Challenges, opportunities and best practices
Authors: Onyeaka Helen , Akinsemolu Adenike A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper explores Green Education in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), addressing shared environmental challenges across its 21 diverse countries. Despite differing economic structures, economies and politics, the need for green education, also known as environmental education (EE) or education for sustainable development (ESD), is evident. MENA encounters obstacles like centralised education structures, governance issues, curriculum gaps, limited funding, environmental awareness and gender disparities. Overcoming these challenges necessitates a comprehensive strategy involving curriculum integration, policy support, collaboration with non‐governmental organisations and international organisations, sufficient funding and effective monitoring. Engaging in global initiatives like the Paris Agreement and the Middle East Green Initiative provides opportunities to enhance EE. Adopting a holistic approach empowers the MENA region to address environmental concerns, promote sustainable development and align with global conservation efforts.
3D Printing‐Induced Hierarchically Aligned Nanocomposites With Exceptional Multidirectional Strain Sensing Performance
Authors: Liu Yanjun , Wang Zhenyu , Song Xinyu , Shen Xi , Wei Yi , Hua Chenxi , Shao Pengpeng , Qu Daopeng , Jiang Jing , Liu Yu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHigh‐performance sensors capable of detecting multidirectional strains are indispensable to understand the complex motions involved in flexible electronics. Conventional isotropic strain sensors can only measure uniaxial deformations or single stimuli, hindering their practical application fields. The answer to such challenge resides in the construction of engineered anisotropic sensing structures. Herein, a hierarchically aligned carbon nanofiber (CNF)/polydimethylsiloxane nanocomposite strain sensor is developed by one‐step 3D printing. The precisely controlled printing path and shear flow bring about highly aligned nanocomposite filaments at macroscale and orientated CNF network within each filament at microscale. The periodically orientated nanocomposite filaments along with the inner aligned CNF network successfully control the strain distribution and the appearance of microcracks, giving rise to anisotropic structural response to external deformations. The synergetic effect of the multiscale structural design leads to distinguishable gauge factors of 164 and 0.5 for applied loadings along and transverse to the alignment direction, leading to an exceptional selectivity of 3.77. The real‐world applications of the hierarchically aligned sensors in multiaxial movement detector and posture‐correction device are further demonstrated. The above findings propose new ideas for manufacturing nanocomposites with engineered anisotropic structure and properties, verifying promising applications in emerging wearable electronics and soft robotics.
Guided Heterostructure Growth of CoFe LDH on Ti3C2Tx MXene for Durably High Oxygen Evolution Activity
Authors: Sheng Jiali , Kang Jiahui , Jiang Pan , Meinander Kristoffer , Hong Xiaodan , Jiang Hua , Nonappa  , Ikkala Olli , Komsa Hannu‐Pekka , Peng Bo , Lv Zhong‐Peng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHeterostructures of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and MXenes have shown great promise for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts, owing to their complementary physical properties. Coupling LDHs with MXenes can potentially enhance their conductivity, stability, and OER activity. In this work, a scalable and straightforward in situ guided growth of CoFeLDH on Ti3C2Tx is introduced, where the surface chemistry of Ti3C2Tx dominates the resulting heterostructures, allowing tunable crystal domain sizes of LDHs. Combined simulation results of Monte Carlo and density functional theory (DFT) validate this guided growth mechanism. Through this way, the optimized heterostructures allow the highest OER activity of the overpotential = 301 mV and Tafel slope = 43 mV dec−1 at 10 mA cm−2, and a considerably durable stability of 0.1% decay over 200 h use, remarkably outperforming all reported LDHs‐MXenes materials. DFT calculations indicate that the charge transfer in heterostructures can decrease the rate‐limiting energy barrier for OER, facilitating OER activity. The combined experimental and theoretical efforts identify the participation role of MXene in heterostructures for OER reactions, providing insights into designing advanced heterostructures for robust OER electrocatalysis.
Entropy‐Driven 60 mol% Li Electrolyte for Li Metal‐Free Batteries
Authors: Wu Shengan , Nishigaki Yuhi , Hagiwara Rika , Hwang Jinkwang , Matsumoto Kazuhiko 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHighly Li‐concentrated electrolytes are acknowledged for their compatibility with Li metal negative electrodes and high voltage positive electrodes to achieve high‐energy Li metal batteries, showcasing stable and facile interfaces for Li deposition/dissolution and high anodic stability. This study aims to explore a highly concentrated electrolyte by adopting entropy‐driven chemistry for Li metal‐free (so‐called anode‐free) batteries. The combination of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide (LiFSA) and lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiOTf) salts in a pyrrolidinium‐based ionic liquid is found to significantly modify the coordination structure, resulting in an unprecedented 60 mol% Li concentration and a low solvent‐to‐salt ratio of 0.67:1 in the electrolyte system. This novel 60 mol% Li electrolyte demonstrates unique coordination stricture, featuring a high ratio of monodentate‐anion structures and aggregates, which facilitates an enhanced Li+ transference number and improved anodic stability. Moreover, the developed electrolyte provides a facile de‐coordination process and leads to the formation of an anion‐based solid electrolyte interface, which enables stable Li deposition/dissolution properties and demonstrates excellent cycling stability in the Li metal‐free full cell with a Li[Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1]O2 (NCM811) positive electrode.
Electronic Structure Regulated Carbon‐Based Single‐Atom Catalysts for Highly Efficient and Stable Electrocatalysis
Authors: Sun Xiaohui , Zhang Peng , Zhang Bangyan , Xu Chunming 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSingle‐atom‐catalysts (SACs) with atomically dispersed sites on carbon substrates have attained great advancements in electrocatalysis regarding maximum atomic utilization, unique chemical properties, and high catalytic performance. Precisely regulating the electronic structure of single‐atom sites offers a rational strategy to optimize reaction processes associated with the activation of reactive intermediates with enhanced electrocatalytic activities of SACs. Although several approaches are proposed in terms of charge transfer, band structure, orbital occupancy, and the spin state, the principles for how electronic structure controls the intrinsic electrocatalytic activity of SACs have not been sufficiently investigated. Herein, strategies for regulating the electronic structure of carbon‐based SACs are first summarized, including nonmetal heteroatom doping, coordination number regulating, defect engineering, strain designing, and dual‐metal‐sites scheming. Second, the impacts of electronic structure on the activation behaviors of reactive intermediates and the electrocatalytic activities of water splitting, oxygen reduction reaction, and CO2/N2 electroreduction reactions are thoroughly discussed. The electronic structure‐performance relationships are meticulously understood by combining key characterization techniques with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Finally, a conclusion of this paper and insights into the challenges and future prospects in this field are proposed. This review highlights the understanding of electronic structure‐correlated electrocatalytic activity for SACs and guides their progress in electrochemical applications.
Low Temperature Plasma‐Assisted Double Anodic Dissolution: A New Approach for the Synthesis of GdFeO3 Perovskite Nanoparticles
Authors: Tarasenka Natalie , Padmanaban Dilli Babu , Karpinsky Dmitry , Arredondo Miryam , Tarasenko Nikolai , Mariotti Davide 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOrthorhombic perovskite GdFeO3 nanostructures are promising materials with multiferroic properties. In this study, a new low‐temperature plasma‐assisted approach is developed via dual anodic dissolution of solid metallic precursors for the preparation of perovskite GdFeO3 nanoparticles (NPs) that can be collected both as colloids as well as deposited as a thin film on a substrate. Two solid metallic foils of Gd and Fe are used as precursors, adding to the simplicity and sustainability of the method. The formation of the orthorhombic perovskite GdFeO3 phase is supported by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman measurements, while a uniform elemental distribution of Gd, Fe, and O is confirmed by energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, proving the successful preparation of ternary compound NPs. The magnetic properties of the NPs show zero remnant magnetization typical of antiferromagnetic materials, and saturation at high fields that can be caused by spin interaction between Gd and Fe magnetic sublattices. The formation mechanism of ternary compound NPs in this novel plasma‐assisted method is also discussed. This method is also modified to demonstrate the direct one‐step deposition of thin films, opening up opportunities for their future applications in the fabrication of magnetic memory devices and gas sensors.
“English Is Not Really a Subject”: Language Ideologies and Language Learning in an Introduction Program
Authors: Bergström Jenny , Jonsson Carla , Shaswar Annika Norlund 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper explores the construction of language ideologies and language learning within English‐language education in a Language Introduction Program (LIP) in Sweden. LIP is an individual transitional program for newly arrived migrant students that seeks to quickly transition adolescents into further education or the job market. High proficiency in English is important in Swedish society and insufficient knowledge of English might lead to consequences for individuals, but also long‐term consequences for society regarding inequality and inequity. The methodology is based on linguistic ethnography, with observations and interviews at two schools. Data from interviews with English teachers and principals at LIP are analyzed using Foucauldian perspectives to discuss power and individualization. Our results show that LIP is organized in a manner that reduces teachers' possibilities to cooperate and assist each other in planning, assessing, and in developing teaching practices. To a certain extent, principals withdraw from their responsibility and place a significant amount of organizational responsibility on individual English teachers. Furthermore, monolingual ideologies are prominent in educational practices, and LIP is often positioned as different from the rest of the school which increases isolation.
Anti‐epileptic drug use and subsequent degenerative dementia occurrence
Authors: Ikegaya Naoki , Nakamura Honoka , Takayama Yutaro , Miyake Yohei , Hayashi Takahiro , Sonoda Masaki , Sato Mitsuru , Tateishi Kensuke , Suenaga Jun , Takaishi Masao , Kitazawa Yu , Kunii Misako , Abe Hiroki , Miyazaki Tomoyuki , Arai Tetsuaki , Iwasaki Manabu , Abe Takayuki , Yamamoto Tetsuya 
Published: September 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThe use of anti‐epileptic drugs (AEDs) in degenerative dementia (DD) remains uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the association of early AED administration with subsequent DD occurrence.METHODSUsing a large nationwide database, we enrolled patients newly diagnosed with epilepsy from 2014 to 2019 (n = 104,225), and using propensity score matching, we divided them into treatment (those prescribed AEDs in 2014) and control groups. The primary outcome was subsequent DD occurrence in 2019.RESULTSOverall, 4489 pairs of patients (2156 women) were matched. The odds ratio (treatment/control) for DD occurrence was 0.533 (95% confidence interval: 0.459–0.617). The DD proportions significantly differed between the treatment (340/4489 = 0.076) and control (577/4489 = 0.129) groups.DISCUSSIONAmong patients newly diagnosed with epilepsy, compared to non‐use, early AED use was associated with a lower occurrence of subsequent DD. Further investigations into and optimization of early intervention for epilepsy in DD are warranted.Highlights
Anti‐epileptic drug (AED) use before epilepsy diagnosis was linked with a lower subsequent degenerative dementia (DD) occurrence.
Identifying the epileptic phenotype was crucial for justifying early AED use in DD.
AED use with an epilepsy diagnosis did not pose an additional risk of DD.
The potential contribution of combination drug therapy to the strategy was noted.