bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Super class AB OTA without open‐loop gain degradation based on dynamic cascode biasing
Authors: Pourashraf Shirin , Ramirez‐Angulo Jaime , Lopez‐Martin Antonio J. , Carvajal Ramon G. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryA scheme to achieve simultaneously extremely high slew‐rate improvement and avoiding open‐loop gain degradation in one‐stage super class AB op‐amps is introduced. It overcomes the serious shortcoming of super class AB operational transconductance amplifiers that shows very high‐output current enhancement factors at the expense of degrading the open‐loop gain. The proposed scheme uses dynamically biased cascode transistors to avoid gain and slew‐rate degradation. Experimental results of a super class AB operational transconductance amplifier in 180‐nm complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor technology with open‐loop gain of 67 dB, a factor 2 improvement in GBW, and a current enhancement factor of 270 verify the proposed scheme. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measurement of self‐heating potential of biomass pellets with isothermal calorimetry
Authors: Larsson Ida , Lönnermark Anders , Blomqvist Per , Persson Henry 
Published: June 2017

SummaryTo assess the risk for spontaneous combustion of biomass pellets during storage, it is important to know how prone the fuel is to self‐heating, ie, to determine the reactivity.This article presents the results from isothermal calorimetry tests performed on 31 different biomass pellet batches. The purpose of the tests has been to characterize pellets by measuring the reactivity and investigate how the pellet composition influences the heat release rate (HRR) and thereby the self‐heating potential of pellets.The results from the tests clearly indicate that there is a significant difference in reactivity between different types of pellets. The tested high reactive pellet batches reached maximum specific HRRs (HRRmax) of 0.61 to 1.06 mW/g while pellet batches with low reactivity showed HRRmax of 0.05 to 0.18 mW/g. The tested batches were primarily ranked on the basis of HRRmax, but an alternative ranking based on specific total heat release rate (THR) during the test period was also used for comparison.The test results also indicate that pine/spruce mix pellets are significantly more reactive than all other types of pellets tested and that pellets consisting of 100% pine are more reactive than pellets consisting of 100% spruce. Pellets produced from wine pruning/grape pomace (winery wastes), straw, or eucalyptus are not very reactive compared to pellets consisting of pine/spruce.The results also show that the reactivity of the pellets can be reduced either by introducing certain kinds of antioxidants into the pellets or by extracting lipids from the raw material of pellets.
A hybrid algorithm of lattice Boltzmann method and finite difference–based lattice Boltzmann method for viscous flows
Authors: Shi Xing , Huang Xianwen , Zheng Yao , Ji Tingwei 
Published: June 2017

SummaryIn this paper, a hybrid algorithm of the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and the finite difference LBM (FDLBM) is proposed. The conventional LBM is known for its high computational efficiency, whereas the finite difference method can guarantee both the accuracy of the description of the complex geometry and the high resolution of the flow field by a local refined anisotropic body‐fitted mesh. The hybrid algorithm of the LBM and FDLBM takes advantage of the merits of both the methods. Four benchmark flow problems are simulated to verify the hybrid algorithm, namely, the lid‐driven cavity flow, the flow past a static circular cylinder, the flow past an impulsively started cylinder, and the flow past 2 cylinders in tandem configuration. Results from these simulations show that the hybrid method proposed in the present work works very well for viscous flows.
Neuroinflammation as modifier of genetically caused neurological disorders of the central nervous system: Understanding pathogenesis and chances for treatment
Authors: Groh Janos , Martini Rudolf 
Published: June 2017

AbstractGenetically caused neurological disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) are usually orphan diseases with poor or even fatal clinical outcome and few or no treatments that will improve longevity or at least quality of life. Neuroinflammation is common to many of these disorders, despite the fact that a plethora of distinct mutations and molecular changes underlie the disorders. In this article, data from corresponding animal models are analyzed to define the roles of innate and adaptive inflammation as modifiers and amplifiers of disease. We describe both common and distinct patterns of neuroinflammation in genetically mediated CNS disorders and discuss the contrasting mechanisms that lead to adverse versus neuroprotective effects. Moreover, we identify the juxtaparanode as a neuroanatomical compartment commonly associated with inflammatory cells and ongoing axonopathic changes, in models of diverse diseases. The identification of key immunological effector pathways that amplify neuropathic features should lead to realistic possibilities for translatable therapeutic interventions using existing immunomodulators. Moreover, evidence emerges that neuroinflammation is not only able to modify primary neural damage‐related symptoms but also may lead to unexpected clinical outcomes such as neuropsychiatric syndromes.
Hair analysis for the detection of drug use—is there potential for evasion?
Authors: Marrinan Shanna , Roman‐Urrestarazu Andres , Naughton Declan , Levari Emerlinda , Collins John , Chilcott Robert , Bersani Giuseppe , Corazza Ornella 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundHair analysis for illicit substances is widely used to detect chronic drug consumption or abstention from drugs. Testees are increasingly seeking ways to avoid detection by using a variety of untested adulterant products (e.g., shampoos, cleansers) widely sold online. This study aims to investigate adulteration of hair samples and to assess effectiveness of such methods.MethodsThe literature on hair test evasion was searched for on PubMed or MEDLINE, Psycinfo, and Google Scholar. Given the sparse nature of peer‐reviewed data on this subject, results were integrated with a qualitative assessment of online sources, including user‐orientated information or commercial websites, drug fora and “chat rooms”. Over four million web sources were identified in a Google search by using “beat hair drug test” and the first 86 were monitored on regular basis and considered for further analysis.ResultsAttempts to influence hair test results are widespread. Various “shampoos,” and “cleansers” among other products, were found for sale, which claim to remove analytes. Often advertised with aggressive marketing strategies, which include discounts, testimonials, and unsupported claims of efficacy. However, these products may pose serious health hazards and are also potentially toxic. In addition, many anecdotal reports suggest that Novel Psychoactive Substances are also consumed as an evasion technique, as these are not easily detectable via standard drug test. Recent changes on Novel Psychoactive Substances legislations such as New Psychoactive Bill in the UK might further challenge the testing process.ConclusionFurther research is needed by way of chemical analysis and trial of the adulterant products sold online and their effects as well as the development of more sophisticated hair testing techniques.
LRWD1 Regulates Microtubule Nucleation and Proper Cell Cycle Progression in the Human Testicular Embryonic Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Wang Chia‐Yih , Hong Yu‐Han , Syu Jhih‐Siang , Tsai Yung‐Chieh , Liu Xiu‐Ying , Chen Ting‐Yu , Su Yin‐Mei , Kuo Pao‐Lin , Lin Yung‐Ming , Teng Yen‐Ni 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTLeucine‐rich repeats and WD repeat domain containing protein 1 (LRWD1) is a testis‐specific protein that mainly expressed in the sperm neck where centrosome is located. By using microarray analysis, LRWD1 is identified as a putative gene that involved in spermatogenesis. However, its role in human male germ cell development has not been extensively studied. When checking in the semen of patients with asthenozoospermia, teratozoospermia, and asthenoteratozoospermia, the level of LRWD1 in the sperm neck was significantly reduced with a defective neck or tail. When checking the sub‐cellular localization of LRWD1 in the cells, we found that LRWD1 resided in the centrosome and its centrosomal residency was independent of microtubule transportation in NT2/D1, the human testicular embryonic carcinoma, cell line. Depletion of LRWD1 did not induce centrosome re‐duplication but inhibited microtubule nucleation. In addition, the G1 arrest were observed in LRWD1 deficient NT2/D1 cells. Upon LRWD1 depletion, the levels of cyclin E, A, and phosphorylated CDK2, were reduced. Overexpression of LRWD1 promoted cell proliferation in NT2/D1, HeLa, and 239T cell lines. In addition, we also observed that autophagy was activated in LRWD1 deficient cells and inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine or bafilomycin A1 promoted cell death when LRWD1 was depleted. Thus, we found a novel function of LRWD1 in controlling microtubule nucleation and cell cycle progression in the human testicular embryonic carcinoma cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 119: 314–326, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
RNASET2,GPR174, and PTPN22 gene polymorphisms are related to the risk of liver damage associated with the hyperthyroidism in patients with Graves’ disease
Authors: Zhang Qing , Liu Shaozheng , Guan Yanxing , Chen Qingjie , Zhang Qing , Min Xiang 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesThis study was designed to unveil the association of GPR174 rs3827440, PTPN22 rs3789604, and RNASET2 rs9355610 with the onset of liver damage (LD) among the Graves’ disease (GD) patients.MethodsA total of 120 GD patients were divided into the none‐LD and LD groups. Several indicators were detected for assessing liver functions, and genotypes of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. Logistic regression was introduced for investigating the relationship between risk SNPs and LD‐associated hyperthyroidism in GD patients.ResultsSignificant differences were identified between LD and none‐LD groups regarding genotype distributions of rs3827440, rs3789604, and rs9355610. Results from logistic regression indicted that among the GD patients, C carriers of PTPN22 rs3789604 were associated with a higher risk of LD‐associated hyperthyroidism, while C carriers of rs3827440 (GPR174) and G carriers of rs9355610 (RNASET2) were associated with a reduced risk of LD‐associated hyperthyroidism.ConclusionsThe C allele of rs3789604 (PTPN22) was a significant risk factor for LD‐associated hyperthyroidism in GD patients, whereas C allele of GPR174 rs3827440 and G allele of RNASET2 rs9355610 appeared to be a protective factor for this disease.
Defining the clinical relevance of red blood cell autoantibodies by Monocyte Monolayer Assay
Authors: Conrado Marina C. A. V. , D'Avila Amanda N. , Vieira Juliana B. , Bonifacio Silvia L. , Gomes Francisco C. A. , Dezan Marcia R. , Oliveira Valeria B. , Ribeiro Ingrid H. , Tucunduva Luciana T. C. M. , Mendrone‐Júnior Alfredo , Rocha Vanderson , Dinardo Carla L. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundThe Monocyte Monolayer Assay (MMA) is an in vitro simulation of red blood cell (RBC) alloantibody behavior. It has been classically applied to predict the risks of post‐transfusion hemolytic reactions when transfusing incompatible RBC units. Quantifying erythrophagocytosis by MMA may be an interesting option for situations where there is doubt whether a RBC autoantibody is mediating significant hemolysis. Here, we present three situations involving RBC autoantibodies in which the MMA was decisive for clarifying the diagnosis and choosing the best clinical treatment.Case ReportCase 1. Pregnant patient with severely anemic fetus exhibited warm autoantibody without signs of hemolysis. MMA revealed 30% of monocyte index (MI) highlighting that fetal hemolysis was caused by maternal autoantibody. Prednisone was prescribed with fetal clinical improvement. Cases 2 and 3. Two patients with the diagnosis of mixed auto‐immune hemolytic anemia and poor response to corticosteroids were evaluated using MMA. The resulting MI was less than 10% in both cases, suggesting that the cold‐agglutinin rather than the warm auto‐IgG was responsible for overt hemolysis. Treatment with rituximab was begun, with good clinical response.ConclusionMMA can be used to evaluate the ability of RBC autoantibodies to mediate overt hemolysis. It can be especially useful to determine the role played by cold and warm auto‐antibodies in mixed auto‐immune hemolytic disease, helping to define the best treatment option.
Comparative micro‐Raman study on standard, cross‐linked and vitamin E‐blended polyethylene acetabular cups after long‐term in vitro testing and ageing
Authors: Taddei Paola , Pavoni Eleonora , Affatato Saverio 
Published: June 2017

Ultra‐high molecular‐weight polyethylene has been used in total joint replacement for the last three decades. Many attempts have been made to improve the wear behaviour of this material. Highly cross‐linked polyethylene (XLPE) has been developed to decrease the wear rate, while the addition of stabilizers such as vitamin E has been proposed to slow the oxidation processes.In this study, we compared the wear behaviour of conventional ultra‐high molecular‐weight polyethylene, XLPE and vitamin E‐added XLPE acetabular cups for total hip arthroplasty. The samples were run for five million cycles on a hip joint simulator (first test), then underwent an accelerated ageing treatment, were tested again for two million cycles (second test) and finally were run for another two million cycles in presence of third‐body particles (third test). Our study showed that vitamin E‐added XLPE cups had a better wear behaviour only in the long‐term and more severe testing conditions: in the third test, they underwent the lowest increase in wear rate. Micro‐Raman spectroscopy allowed us to analyse the wear degradation of the cups on a molecular scale, and differences in the wear mechanisms were revealed. The presence of vitamin E did not prevent structural changes upon the first test, while it did in ageing and in the second test. In the third test, more significant structural changes were observed; the XLPE cups, which lost the lowest mass, had the most modified articular surface. These morphological aspects should be taken into account, together with gravimetric wear rates, in the characterization of wear degradation. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preoperative clinicopathological characteristics of patients with solitary encapsulated follicular variants of papillary thyroid carcinomas
Authors: Kwon Hyemi , Jeon Min Ji , Yoon Jong Ho , Hong Suck Joon , Lee Jeong Hyun , Kim Tae Yong , Shong Young Kee , Kim Won Bae , Kim Won Gu , Song Dong Eun 
Published: June 2017

Background and ObjectivesClinical outcomes in patients with the follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC) tend to vary according to the pathological subtypes. We aimed to evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics including preoperative radiological and cytopathological diagnoses in patients with solitary encapsulated FVPTCs (EFVPTCs) to prove the preoperative assessment dilemma.MethodsPatients with solitary FVPTCs who underwent thyroid surgery were included.ResultsOf 271 patients, 194 patients (72%) had EFVPTCs, whereas 77 patients (28%) had infiltrative FVPTCs (IFVPTCs). EFVPTCs had larger tumor sizes (P < 0.001) and lower frequencies of extrathyroidal extension (P < 0.001) and cervical lymph node (LN) metastasis (P < 0.001) than IFVPTCs. There were significant differences in ultrasonography (US) findings, preoperative cytopathological diagnosis, and the prevalence of BRAF mutations between EFVPTCs and IFVPTCs. Invasive EFVPTCs were diagnosed in 89 patients (33%) and non‐invasive EFVPTCs in 105 patients (39%). Non‐invasive subtype had smaller tumor sizes (P = 0.001) and lower frequencies of vascular invasion (P = 0.04) and cervical LN metastasis (P = 0.02). There were no significant differences in preoperative US findings and cytopathological diagnoses between invasive and non‐invasive EFVPTCs.ConclusionsClinicopathological characteristics of EFVPTCs, including preoperative US findings, are different from those of IFVPTCs. However, preoperative radiological and cytopathological findings could not distinguish non‐invasive and invasive EFVPTCs.
TMEM230: How does it fit in the etiology and pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease?
Authors: Mandemakers Wim , Quadri Marialuisa , Stamelou Maria , Bonifati Vincenzo 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTMutations in the transmembrane protein 230 (TMEM230) gene were recently identified in a large Canadian pedigree and 7 smaller Chinese families, nominating TMEM230 as the third gene causing a Mendelian form of late onset Parkinson's disease (PD) with typical Lewy‐body pathology (after synuclein alpha (SNCA) and leucine rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2)). The protein encoded by TMEM230 remains largely uncharacterized, but initial evidence points to roles in the trafficking of recycling vesicles, retromers, and endosomes, suggesting intriguing links to the pathways targeted by other PD‐causing genes. The focus on family‐based studies is gaining new momentum in the next‐generation sequencing era, for the discovery of further, high‐penetrance (medically relevant) genetic variants in PD. However, at this junction, important aspects of the TMEM230 story remain unclear, such as the prevalence of these mutations in the Chinese and other populations of the world, the penetrance of the mutations, and even their mode of inheritance. The first replication studies among Chinese and White PD patients have been largely negative. Furthermore, much more work remains ahead to elucidate the mechanisms by which these mutations might lead to neuronal cell death, alpha‐synuclein pathology, and parkinsonism. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Gefaltete DNA für Diagnose und Therapie
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAptamere sind DNA‐ oder RNA‐Moleküle, die aufgrund ihrer dreidimensionalen Struktur bestimmte Moleküle erkennen und binden. Verglichen mit ähnlich leistungsfähigen Antikörpern sind sie kompakter und leichter herzustellen und zu handhaben. Erste Anwendungen in der Medizin zeichnen sich ab.
Zweites Vernetzungstreffen der Praktikumsleiter Anorganische Chemie
Authors: Weinert Bastian 
Published: June 2017

AbstractFür Anfang April 2017 luden GDCh und Wöhler‐Vereinigung zum zweiten Vernetzungstreffen der AC‐Praktikumsleiter an die Universität Köln ein. Uwe Ruschewitz, Professor für anorganische Chemie, hatte die Veranstaltung organisiert. 30 Praktikumsleiter von 27 Hochschulen Deutschlands und Österreichs diskutierten während der zweitägigen Veranstaltung über Aufbau und Inhalt anorganischer Praktika. Besonders intensiv sprachen sie über Studierende mit psychischen Problemen, Prüfungsängste, Konfliktfälle, Benotung von Praktikumsleistungen und Plagiate bei Praktikumsprotokollen.
Mechanisms of DABCO‐ and DMAP‐catalyzed [2 + 4] cycloaddition reactions of methylallenoate with methyleneindolonone: A DFT study
Authors: Li Yan , Liu Tingting , Fu Wenwen 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe mechanisms and stereoselectivities of the [2 + 4] cycloaddition reaction of methylallenoate R1 with methyleneindolonone R2 catalyzed by DABCO (Equation 1) and DMAP (Equation 2) organocatalysts have been examined with density functional theory (M06‐2X) calculations. Several possible reaction pathways (paths 1a, 1b, and 1c for Equation 1 and paths 2a and 2b for Equation 2) were located and compared. The results of our study reveal that for both reactions, three reaction stages have been characterized: nucleophilic addition of the catalyst (DABCO or DMAP) to R1 (Stage I), addition of the other reactant R2 (Stage II), intramolecular cycloaddition and liberation of the catalyst (DABCO or DMAP) afforded the final product (Stage III). For the DABCO‐catalyzed cycloaddition, we predict that path 1a leading to P(E) is the most energy favorable pathway among the three possible pathways. The carbon–carbon bond formation step is the rate‐determining step (ΔG‡=23.6 kcal/mol). With DMAP catalyst, the same reaction gave P(Z) as the major product. The barrier for the rate‐determining step (addition of R1 to DMAP) is 25.8 kcal/mol. The calculated results are in agreement with the experimental findings. Moreover, for both reactions, the analysis of global reactivity indexes has been carried out to examine the role of catalyst. The present study should provide a general mechanistic framework for the rational design of this kind of reactions.
Development of an autonomous bridge deck inspection robotic system
Authors: La Hung M. , Gucunski Nenad , Dana Kristin , Kee Seong‐Hoon 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe threat to safety of aging bridges has been recognized as a critical concern to the general public due to the poor condition of many bridges in the United States. Currently, the bridge inspection is conducted manually, and it is not efficient to identify bridge condition deterioration in order to facilitate implementation of appropriate maintenance or rehabilitation procedures. In this paper, we report a new development of the autonomous mobile robotic system for bridge deck inspection and evaluation. The robot is integrated with several nondestructive evaluation (NDE) sensors and a navigation control algorithm to allow it to accurately and autonomously maneuver on the bridge deck to collect visual images and conduct NDE measurements. The developed robotic system can reduce the cost and time of the bridge deck data collection and inspection. For efficient bridge deck monitoring, the crack detection algorithm to build the deck crack map is presented in detail. The impact‐echo (IE), ultrasonic surface waves (USW), and electrical resistivity (ER) data collected by the robot are analyzed to generate the delamination, concrete elastic modulus, corrosion maps of the bridge deck, respectively. The presented robotic system has been successfully deployed to inspect numerous bridges in more than ten different states in the United States.
A Cost‐Effective, Unmodified Platform for the Detection of Heavy Metals via Anodic Stripping Voltammetry at Nanomolar Level
Authors: Perween Mosarrat , Srivastava Divesh N. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA new carbon based cost‐effective platform for stripping voltammetry has been reported. A Flat, self‐standing polymer composite chip electrode, having less than 500 micron thickness, has been developed using graphite and poly (methyl methacrylate) in 3:2 ratio. The dimensions and physical state of the chip is best suited for off‐laboratory applications. The utilization of such chip in detection of mercury, lead and cadmium by anodic stripping voltammetry has been tried individually as well as simultaneously over as‐prepared electrode without any modification. Under optimized conditions, limit of detection was found to be 200, 60, 350 nM (40, 15, 40 ppb) in individual analysis, whereas 250, 130, 400 nM (50, 25, 50 ppb) in simultaneous analysis for Hg (II), Pb (II) and Cd (II) ions respectively. The protocol has been extended for the estimation of aforesaid ions in the natural water samples.