bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological Disambiguation of Multiword Expressions and Its Impact on the Disambiguation of Their Environment in a Sentence
Authors: Hnátková Milena , Petkevič Vladimír 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This study concerns the impact of the collocation/phraseme disambiguation component within the complex system of the rule-based morphological disambiguation of Czech. This system constitutes one of the two main disambiguation subsystems that are responsible for the morphological disambiguation of the corpora of synchronic Czech within the Czech National Corpus project. We will show that although the part of texts constituted by collocations/phrasemes (generally multiword expressions – MWEs) is relatively small and consequently the errorfree morphological disambiguation of MWEs covers only a small portion of textual material, such perfectly disambiguated fragments in sentences help to improve the disambiguation of the rest, non-MWE part of sentences.
Clitic Climbing, Finiteness and the Raising-Control Distinction. A Corpus–based study
Authors: Jurkiewicz-Rohrbacher Edyta , Hansen Björn , Kolaković Zrinka 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
In the paper, we discuss the phenomenon of clitic climbing out of finite da2-complements in contemporary Serbian. Scholars’ opinions on the acceptability and occurrence of this construction, based on a handful of self-made examples, vary considerably. Expanding on the assumption that the correctness of the phenomenon has often been denied due to its rareness we employ large corpora to examine the problem. We focus on possible constraints arising from the syntactic properties of clause-embedding predicates.
Grammatical Change Trends in Contemporary Czech Newspapers
Authors: Křen Michal 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The paper presents a corpus-driven method for the detection of recent grammatical change in contemporary Czech newspapers. It is based on a large and homogeneous material (825 million tokens of a single newspaper) that covers a 23-year time span. The task is operationalised into finding the most relevant frequency change manifested by selected subsets of the Czech tagset. The results show changing proportions of parts of speech, nominal cases etc. that indicate a shift towards more “verbal” language associated with increasing informality of the newspaper register.
Text collections for evaluation of Russian morphological taggers
Authors: Lyashevskaya Olga , Bocharov Victor , Sorokin Alexey , Shavrina Tatiana , Granovsky Dmitry , Alexeeva Svetlana 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The paper describes the preparation and development of the text collections within the framework of MorphoRuEval-2017 shared task, an evaluation campaign designed to stimulate development of the automatic morphological processing technologies for Russian. The main challenge for the organizers was to standardize all available Russian corpora with the manually verified high-quality tagging to a single format (Universal Dependencies CONLL-U). The sources of the data were the disambiguated subcorpus of the Russian National Corpus, SynTagRus, OpenCorpora.org data and GICR corpus with the resolved homonymy, all exhibiting different tagsets, rules for lemmatization, pipeline architecture, technical solutions and error systematicity. The collections includes both normative texts (the news and modern literature) and more informal discourse (social media and spoken data), the texts are available under CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 license.
Measuring and Improving Children’s Reading Aloud Attributes by Computers
Authors: Nagy Marek 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
In this paper, method of an automated measuring reading aloud attributes is presented. The forced alignment as a part of speech recognition technique is used. The recorded reading aloud is forced aligned to the known text and the attributes are computed from it. The tempo and fluency of children are monitored and used for an individual motivation. The length of the read text is chosen according to readers’ skills so that children end up reading at about the same time and poor readers are not frustrated. This approach has been tested and improved at the elementary school for five years and brought positive results.
Three Aspects of Processing Ophthalmological Terminology in a “Small Language”: a Case of Croatian Term Bank Struna
Authors: Nahod Bruno , Nahod Perina Vukša , Bjeloš Mirjana 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we will present the problems we have observed while editing terminological units as a part of the specialized language of ophthalmology that is currently being processed as part of the program Struna. Struna is the Croatian National term bank (http://struna.ihjj.hr/). Its aim is to gradually standardize Croatian terminology, for all professional domains, by coordinating the work of domain experts, terminologists and language experts [1], [2]. The Croatian Ophthalmological Terminology1 is the first Struna project that encompasses a subfield of an already existing field in the database. Namely, in 2013 the general medical terminology was processed as a part of the project Croatian Anatomy and Physiology. This situation has revealed a new set of problems that previously were not taken into account and has forced us to re-evaluate methodology and adapt accordingly.
Terminology and Labelling Words by Subject in Monolingual Dictionaries – What Do Domain Labels Say to Dictionary Users ?
Authors: Nová Jana , Mžourková Hana 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe paper focuses on labelling words by subject in a non-specialized dictionary. We compare the existing monolingual dictionaries of Czech and their ways of labelling terms of medicine and related fields; besides apparent differences between dictionaries, there are also inconsistencies within one dictionary. We consider pros and cons of domain labels as such and their usability in the light of needs and limits of dictionary users, with the aim to motivate further discussion on related issues.
Correlative Conjunctions in Spoken Texts
Authors: Poukarová Petra 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Correlative conjunctions (such as buď – anebo (either – or), jednak – jednak (firstly – secondly) etc.) represent one means of textual cohesion. The occurrence of one component of the pair implies the use of the other, which contributes to the cohesiveness of a text. Using data provided by the corpus of informal spoken Czech ORAL2013, I will try to demonstrate their use in a prototypical spoken language, that is commonly considered less coherent and more fragmentary compared to written language.
Issues of POS Tagging of the (Diachronic) Corpus of Czech : Preparing a Morphological Dictionary
Authors: Řehořková Anna 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Many important decisions concerning the part-of-speech categorization remain unexplained in the current practice, only reported in corpus manuals. The aim of this paper is to offer a different perspective on the problems of morphological annotation of corpora – the perspective of mapping and analyzing conceptual problems in the annotation. Focused mainly on function words in Czech, we discuss the possibilities of the POS tagging of the inherently ambiguous category of particles and we introduce criteria for distinguishing particles from interjections.
Designing the Database of Speech Under Stress
Authors: Sabo Róbert , Rajčáni Jakub 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This study describes the methodology used for designing a database of speech under real stress. Based on limits of existing stress databases, we used a communication task via a computer game to collect speech data. To validate the presence of stress, known psychophysiological indicators such as heart rate and electrodermal activity, as well as subjective self-assessment were used. This paper presents the data from first 5 speakers (3 men, 2 women) who participated in initial tests of the proposed design. In 4 out of 5 speakers increases in fundamental frequency and intensity of speech were registered. Similarly, in 4 out of 5 speakers heart rate was significantly increased during the task, when compared with reference measurement from before the task. These first results show that proposed design might be appropriate for building a speech under stress database. However, there are still considerations that need to be addressed.
Helping the Translator Choose: The Concept of a Dictionary of Equivalents
Authors: Szemińska Weronika 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The purpose of the article is to present the innovative concept of a dictionary of equivalents, a reference work designed specifically for translators of legal texts. The article describes the features of legal terminology which render legal translation particularly difficult, such as polysemy and synonymy as well as incongruence among legal systems. Then it proposes a classification and labelling system of equivalents which ought to be offered in a terminographic reference work for legal translators.
Compound Adverbs as an Issue in Machine Analysis of Czech language
Authors: Žižková Hana 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Compound adverbs represent an interesting issue in terms of Automatic Morphological Analysis (AMA). The reason is that compound adverbs in Czech are expressions formed by compounding existing words that are different parts of speech without any change in their form. An indicative sign of compound adverbs is that they can always be decomposed again. Compound adverbs may be written as one word but sometimes a multiword form coexists. A word that is originally a different part of speech gains an adverbial meaning and becomes an adverb. This article presents the results of a corpus probe aimed at mapping expressions that are demonstrably compound adverbs and were not recognized by AMA or were incorrectly tagged by AMA as another part of speech. Analysis of data obtained from the Czech National Corpus (ČNK) SYN v3 show that the unrecognized and incorrectly tagged units can be divided into several groups. Based on knowledge of these groups it is possible to refine part of speech tagging by AMA. The corpus probe examined units written in accordance with the current codification as well as substandard units.
The Use of Authorial Corpora Beyond Linguistics
Authors: Změlík Richard 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The study concentrates on the issue of quantitative and qualitative methods within the context of literary theory. It intends namely to present the concept of the literary corpus of Czech prose and define main parameters of the corpus. Besides the project of a specialized corpus, primarily intended for the use in the field of literary theory, the study deals with current stochastic and corpus methods applied by foreign scholars in analysis of literary prosaic texts. The study tries to incorporate the original project of Czech prose literary corpus in this contemporary context that represents one form of a recently flourishing discipline called Digital Humanities (Digital Literary Studies).
A Survey of Dynamic Bandwidth Assignment Schemes for TDM-Based Passive Optical Network
Authors: Butt Rizwan Aslam , Waqar Ashraf M. , Faheem M , Idrus Sevia M 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn time division, multiple access (TDMA)-based passive optical network (PONs), a dynamic bandwidth assignment (DBA) is necessary for efficient utilization of the available bandwidth of the upstream link. An efficient DBA scheme can improve the upstream performance of a traffic class of an ONU in two ways. First, it can increase the bandwidth assignment to it by efficiently utilizing the available bandwidth. Secondly, it can reduce the channel and frame idle time by increasing the polling frequency and by assigning extra surplus bandwidth not used by the other ONUs. Many DBA schemes have been reported for both ITU PONs (GPON and XGPON) and IEEE PONs (EPON and 10 G EPON). In this study, we explain the impact of DBA scheme on the upstream performance of PON and then do a thorough survey of both PON standards, categorize the DBA schemes and review them critically. Based on the literature review we also give our opinion on the most suitable DBA scheme for both type PONs on the basis of upstream delays, frame loss and bandwidth utilization efficiency.
Adenosine receptor agonists differentially affect the anticonvulsant action of carbamazepine and valproate against maximal electroshock test-induced seizures in mice
Authors: Jasiński Mirosław , Chrościńska-Krawczyk Magdalena , Czuczwar Stanisław J. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryBackground.Adenosine is regarded as an endogenous anticonvulsant and its agonists have been proved to affect the anticonvulsant activity of a number of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in animal models of seizures.Aim.To evaluate effects of adenosine agonists on carbamazepine (CBZ) and valproate (VPA) in mouse model of generalized tonic-clonic convulsions.Methods.The following adenosine receptor agonists were used: A1– cyclohexyladenosine, A2A– CGS 21 680, A3– N6-benzyl-NECA and A1(preferentially) and A2– 2-chloroadenosine. Their possible anticonvulsant effects were studied in a threshold electroconvulsive test for maximal electroconvulsions. The protective activity of AEDs alone or in combinations with adenosine agonists was evaluated in the form of their respective ED50values necessary to protect 50% of mice against tonic extension of the hind limbs, following maximal electroshock, delivered through ear electrodes. The specificity of interactions between AEDs and adenosine agonists was challenged with an adenosine receptor A1and A2antagonist, aminophylline (5 mg/kg). The effects of AEDs alone or with adenosine agonists were tested for the occurrence of adverse effects (AE) (impairment of motor coordination) in a chimney test. All combinations with an enhancement the protective activity of CBZ or VPA were verified with the free plasma or brain concentration of these AED.Results.Adenosine receptor agonists (cycloheksyladenosine up to 4 mg/kg; CGS 21 680 – 8 mg/kg; N6-benzyl-NECA – 1 mg/kg; 2-chloroadenosine – 2 mg/kg) did not significantly affect the threshold for maximal electroconvulsions. Cycloheksyladenosine (1 mg/kg), N6-benzyl-NECA (0.5 and 1 mg/kg) and 2-chloroadenosine (1 mg/kg) potentiated the anticonvulsant activity of CBZ. Valproate’s protective action was enhanced by one adenosine agonist – cycloheksyladenosine (1 mg/kg). Only the combination of CBZ + N6-benzyl-NECA (1 mg/kg) was resistant to aminophylline (5 mg/kg). Pharmacokinetic interactions were evident in case of the combination of CBZ + N6-benzyl-NECA (1 mg/kg) and resulted in an increased free plasma concentration of this CBZ. Interestingly, total brain concentration of CBZ confirmed the pharmacokinetic interaction as regards CBZ + N6-benzyl-NECA (1 mg/kg).Conclusion.The best profile was shown by the combination of CBZ + 2-chloroadenosine which involved no AE or a pharmacokinetic interaction. The remaining positive combinations in terms of anticonvulsant activity were associated with general profound AE and pharmacokinetic interactions in some of them.
Alteration in Prooxidant-Antioxidant Balance Associated with Selenium Concentration in Patients with Congenital Hypothyroidism
Authors: Rostami Shilan , Fathollahpour Asadollah , Abdi Mohammad , Naderi Kejal 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThere is a paucity of studies regarding oxidative balance and selenium (Se) status in congenital hypothyroidism. Recently, more attention has been given to the use of Se supplementation as a new treatment for thyroid disorders. Oxidative stress increases in different thyroid disorders and causes many pathological outcomes. The present study aimed to determine the serum prooxidant-anti - oxidant balance (PAB), Se, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) concentration in congenital hypothyroidism (CH) patients and the association of their probable change with hematological indices. Blood samples were collected from 60 healthy and 39 CH subjects. Serum PAB values were measured and Se, TSH, FT4 and hematological indices were determined. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16 and p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Serum TSH concentration was significantly higher in CH patients group compared to the controls (p value < 0.05); however, FT4 was in the same concentration in patients and controls. Platelet (Plt) and lymphocytes (Lym) counts markedly decreased in all patients and showed a significant direct correlation with serum TSH levels (rs= 0.307, p value = 0.004 and rs = 0.413, p value < 0.0001). Serum PAB and Se had no significant correlation with he - mato logical indices in the studied subjects. Although there was no correlation between PAB and also Se with hematologic and biochemical markers in CH patients, changes in these two factors might be considered as a potential risk factor due to the other known effects of high PAB values and low Se concentrations.
Lipid Peroxidation, Antioxidative Defense and Level of 8-Hydroxy-2-Deoxyguanosine in Cervical Cancer Patients
Authors: Jelić Marija , Mandić Aljoša , Kladar Nebojša , Sudji Jan , Božin Biljana , Srdjenović Branislava 
Published: January 2018

SummaryOxidative stress has been associated with cervical cancer. Our aim was to examine lipid peroxidation and the extent of oxidative stress in women diagnosed with different stages of cervical cancer in order to evaluate its potential role in the evolution of cancer. We measured the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, activities of antioxidative enzymes and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine in 153 subjects. Enzymatic activity as well as TBARS concentration were measured spectrophotometrically, while 8-OHdG was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. PPatients were categorized: group II H-SIL; group III FIGO Ia-Ib and group IV FIGO IIa-IV. Our results showed highly significant increase in the level of lipid peroxidation in group IV when com pared to the control group, group II and group III (p<0.001). Activity of superoxide dismutase was also significantly higher in group IV when compared to control group (p<0.01), group II (p<0.01) and group III (p<0.05). Activity of catalase was also significantly higher in group IV when compared to control group (p<0.005), group II (p<0.005) and group III (p<0.05). Activity of glutathione-S-transferase was also significantly higher in group IV when compared to control group (p<0.05), group II (p<0.05) and group III (p<0.05). Activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase showed no significant differences among the groups. Level of 8-OHdG was significantly higher in group IV than in the other groups (p<0.01). It can be concluded that oxidative stress is possibly involved in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer, demonstrated by increased lipid peroxidation and an altered antioxidant defense system and higher levels of 8-OHdG.
Hypercalcemia, hyperkalemia and supraventricular tachycardia in a patient with subcutaneous fat necrosis
Authors: Bahadur Kandy A. , Johnson Stacey , Lentzner Benjamin , Gangat Mariam , Carlson Joann , Balachandar Sadana 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackground:Subcutaneous fat necrosis (SCFN) is a rare, self-limiting condition that has been associated with several complications including hypercalcemia.Case presentation:We present the case of a 6-week-old male who presented to his pediatrician with a dime-sized erythematous nodule consistent with SCFN, who was also found to have supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). Laboratory findings revealed hypercalcemia and hyperkalemia. Extensive evaluation for the electrolyte disturbances revealed no other etiology. This case reinforces that SCFN should be considered in newborns with hypercalcemia of unknown etiology. Additionally, this case is the first to suggest a connection between SCFN and hyperkalemia. Electrolyte abnormalities can potentially contribute to arrhythmogenesis and may have triggered the arrhythmia in our patient.Conclusions:Our case highlights the importance of remaining vigilant in the workup of atypical rashes of the infant, which should include early assessment of serum electrolytes.
Withania somnifera acts as a potential insect growth regulator in the polyphagous pest, Pericallia ricini
Authors: Gaur Sandeep Kumar , Kumar Krishna 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Both seed and root extracts of the medicinal plant, Ashwagandha, Withania somnifera exhibit insect growth regulatory activity against the polyphagous pest, Pericallia ricini. Topical administration of W. somnifera seed and root extracts to last instar larvae of P. ricini disrupted moulting and metamorphosis, leading to a number of developmental abnormalities such as delay in larval-pupal and pupal-adult ecdysis, formation of larval-pupal, pupal-adult and larval-pupal-adult mosaics/chimeras, ecdysial failure, suppression of pupation and adult emergence and formation of abnormal pupae and adultoids. The treatment with seed extracts was more severe than that of root extracts as it completely suppressed the pupation and adult emergence. The results clearly suggest that the medicinal plant, W. somnifera acts as a potential insect growth regulatory (IGR) disrupting the moulting and metamorphosis as a consequence of interference with the endocrine system.
Ecological applications of Pseudomonas as a biopesticide to control two-spotted mite Tetranychus urticae: chitinase and HCN production
Authors: Qessaoui Redouan , Bouharroud Rachid , Amarraque Abderrahim , Ajerrar Abdelhadi , Mayad El Hassan , Chebli Bouchra , Dadi Mokhtara , Elaini Rachid , El Filali Fayssal , Walters Alan Stuart 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) is an important pest of many horticultural crops. A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of three fluorescent Pseudomonas isolates obtained from rhizospheric soil of tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) in Agadir, Morocco: Q110B, Q036B and Q172B, as potential biological control agents for T. urticae. Both acaricide and repellent activities were assessed on homogenous adult mites. The acaricidal activity test evaluated five concentrations of bacterial suspensions: 0 (control), 102, 104, 106, 108, and 1010 cfu · ml−1, while only the 1010 cfu ∙ ml−1 concentration of each bacterium was used for the repellent bioassay. The mortality rate and repellentindex were recorded 24, 48 and 72 h after application. Results indicated that the survival rate of T. urticae was reduced (p ≤ 0.01) by all three bacterial isolates compared to control. Within the 24–72 h time period the mortality rates ranged from 8 to 87%, 16 to 99%, and 13 to 89%, for Q110B, Q036B and Q172B isolates, respectively. The isolate Q036B (LC50 = 0.598 cfu · ml−1) provided higher mortality rates than Q172B and Q110B with LC50 values of 90,846 and 169,585 cfu · ml−1, respectively. Repellent activity was also the highest with Pseudomonas Q036B having a 71% repellence index at 48 h after application. Regarding the mechanism of action, all three isolates produced hydrogen cyanide, and exhibited protease and cellulose activities, although only Q036B and Q172B had potential chitinase action. Identification analysis showed that the isolates were either Pseudomonas putida (Q172B) or P. fluorescens (Q110B and Q036B). Our results indicate that the P. fluorescens isolate Q036B is a promising candidate for biological control of T. urticae, and has potential to contribute to an integrated pest management program to control this important pest. Then the fruits produced will be qualified as safe for consumers and the environment. The present work was customized to give support for policy decision makers as an agroecological potential meeting needs of industries and ecological balance.
New Hydrokinetic Turbine for Free Surface Gravitational Wave Transformation
Authors: Berins J. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The present article deals with an alternative form of energy – the conversion of marine/ocean wave energy using an axial self-regulating blade (SB) hydrokinetic turbine (ASRBHK turbine). The article analyses the operation of the ASRBHK turbine and draws the resulting conclusions about the mechanism, in which the power transfer element is a self-regulating blade.