bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and growth mechanisms of ZrC whiskers fabricated by a VLS process
Authors: Lee Dongju , Song Sung Ho 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The mechanisms of nano-sized ZrC whisker formation by a vapor–liquid–solid process are investigated, which produces a very high purity, single crystal whisker. Rectangular ZrC whiskers with a cross-sectional diameter of 100–200 nm and lengths up to tens of microns are formed under the catalytic effect of nickel. The ZrC whiskers are characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. ZrC whiskers can be used as a potential reinforcing and strengthening phase for ceramic composites.
Equilibrium Points in the Restricted Full Three Body Problem with Ellipsoidal Primaries
Authors: Xin Xiaosheng , Hou Xiyun 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Equilibrium points in the Restricted Full Three Body Problem with ellipsoidal primaries are investigated. The approach adopted by some in the literature that approximates the primaries by means of the spherical harmonic potential is demonstrated to be problematic when identifying equilibrium points in close vicinity of the primaries. Additional equilibrium points aside from the five well-known ones analogous to those in the Restricted Three Body Problem prove to be practically non-existent in general due to the intrinsic divergence of the spherical harmonic potential inside the Brillouin surface for irregular primaries. Accurate modeling of the primaries with the ellipsoid potentials is instead carried out. Locations and stability properties of the triangular equilibrium points in the double-ellipsoid systems of varying parameters are systematically studied and are compared with results obtained for the sphere–ellipsoid systems.
Spectroscopy and Photometry of Multiple Populations along the Asymptotic Giant Branch of NGC 2808 and NGC 6121 (M4)*
Authors: Marino A. F. , Milone A. P. , Yong D. , Da Costa G. , Asplund M. , Bedin L. R. , Jerjen H. , Nardiello D. , Piotto G. , Renzini A. , Shetrone M. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
We present a photometric and spectroscopic study of multiple populations along the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) of the intermediate-metallicity globular clusters (GCs) NGC 2808 and NGC 6121 (M4). Chemical abundances of O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Y, and Ce in AGB stars from high-resolution FLAMES+UVES@VLT spectra are reported for both clusters. Our spectroscopic results have been combined with multiwavelength photometry from the Hubble Space Telescope UV survey of Galactic GCs and ground-based photometry, as well as proper motions derived by combining stellar positions from ground-based images and Gaia DR1. Our analysis reveals that the AGBs of both clusters host multiple populations with different chemical compositions. In M4, we have identified two main populations of stars with different Na/O content lying on distinct AGBs in the

versus

and the V versus

pseudo-color–magnitude diagrams. In the more massive and complex GC NGC 2808, three groups of stars with different chemical abundances occupy different locations on the so-called “chromosome map” photometric diagram constructed for AGB stars. The spectroscopic + photometric comparison of stellar populations along the AGB and the red giants of this GC suggests that the AGB hosts stellar populations with a range in helium abundances from primordial to high contents of

. By contrast, from our data set, there is no evidence for stars with extreme helium abundance (

) on the AGB, suggesting that the most He-rich stars of NGC 2808 do not reach this phase.
New Evidence that Magnetoconvection Drives Solar–Stellar Coronal Heating
Authors: Tiwari Sanjiv K. , Thalmann Julia K. , Panesar Navdeep K. , Moore Ronald L. , Winebarger Amy R. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
How magnetic energy is injected and released in the solar corona, keeping it heated to several million degrees, remains elusive. Coronal heating generally increases with increasing magnetic field strength. From a comparison of a nonlinear force-free model of the three-dimensional active region coronal field to observed extreme-ultraviolet loops, we find that (1) umbra-to-umbra coronal loops, despite being rooted in the strongest magnetic flux, are invisible, and (2) the brightest loops have one foot in an umbra or penumbra and the other foot in another sunspot’s penumbra or in unipolar or mixed-polarity plage. The invisibility of umbra-to-umbra loops is new evidence that magnetoconvection drives solar-stellar coronal heating: evidently, the strong umbral field at both ends quenches the magnetoconvection and hence the heating. Broadly, our results indicate that depending on the field strength in both feet, the photospheric feet of a coronal loop on any convective star can either engender or quench coronal heating in the loop’s body.
University students and informational social networks: Total sceptics, dual moderates or pro-digitals
Authors: Gavilan Diana , Martinez-Navarro Gema , Fernández-Lores Susana 
Published: July 2017

The goal of the present work is to analyze the use of social networks as a tool for social empowerment by Spanish university students, and their perception of the university as an institution that contributes to the formation of a critical and active citizenship, that provides them with the relevant digital competences. The literature review shows possible discrepancies regarding the effect of new forms of digital communication in empowering young people, specially university students, as well as the existence of issues related to clarify this digital stage. Following, a typological analysis of the perception of university students regarding social information networks, social empowerment and the role of the university is presented. Using the data collected through a structured questionnaire of a sample of 236 students of social science degrees, an analysis of typologies is performed with the algorithm K Medias. Three clusters significantly different –labeled as «total sceptics», «dual moderates» and «pro-digitals»– are identified. Its prevalence and its characterization are explained: belief and behaviour profiles related to these beliefs. The paper concludes with several recommendations for future research regarding the perception of the students about the use of social networks as a tool for social transformation and the role of the university in this area.
El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar el uso de las redes sociales informativas como herramienta de empoderamiento social por los universitarios españoles, y su percepción de la universidad como institución que contribuye a la formación de una ciudadanía crítica y activa, al tiempo que les proporciona las pertinentes competencias digitales. La revisión bibliográfica evidencia posibles discrepancias respecto al efecto que tienen las nuevas formas de comunicación digital en el empoderamiento de los jóvenes y en particular de los universitarios, así como la existencia de numerosas cuestiones por aclarar en este escenario digital. A continuación se presenta un análisis tipológico de la percepción de los estudiantes universitarios respecto a las redes sociales informativas, empoderamiento social y el papel de la universidad. A partir de los datos recogidos mediante un cuestionario estructurado de una muestra de 236 estudiantes de Grados de Ciencias Sociales, se realiza un análisis de tipologías con el algoritmo K Medias. Se identifican tres tipos –etiquetados como «escépticos totales», «moderados duales» y «pro-digitales»– significativamente diferentes. Se explica su prevalencia, y su caracterización: perfiles de creencias y conducta relacionadas con dichas creencias. El trabajo concluye con diversas recomendaciones para futuras investigaciones en cuanto a la percepción del universitario sobre el uso de las redes sociales como herramienta de transformación social y el papel de la universidad.
Ethical perceptions of employees in small retailing firms: A case of indigenous-owned fast-food outlets in Zimbabwe
Authors: Rambe Patient , Ndofirepi Takawira M. 
Published: July 2017

Background: Although the subject of ethical business practices has a well-established tradition in large corporations where shareholder value maximisation is largely dependent on such entities’ conduct of good business ethics, its investigation in small businesses in agile, economically depressed economies such as that of Zimbabwe has targeted business owners and managers but excluded their employees. Given the middleman role that employees of emerging indigenous-owned retail firms play in the distribution chain from manufacturers to the consumers, the ethical perceptions of these employees are critical to the leveraging of businesses’ strategic orientations. Employees are the coal face of the firm, withering intense competition from these firms’ rivals and achieving the firms’ strategic orientations (profitability, market share, business growth and survival). In order to meet stakeholder expectations simultaneously largely depends on the ethical conduct of such employees.Aim: The overall aim of this study is to contribute to ethical theory and literature by demonstrating how employees’ ethical perceptions and behaviour shape the strategic orientations of the business. To achieve this aim, the study sought to: (1) establish the typical ethical dilemmas that employees of these retail firms faced in their daily tasks, (2) assess how they responded to these ethical challenges, (3) ascertain whether demographic factors such as age, level of education, gender and their position in the organisational hierarchy influence their reaction to ethical dilemmas; and (4) determine these employees’ overall perceptions of ethical issues within their organisations.Setting: The study was conducted on employees of an indigenous-owned fast-food firm operating in two cities in Zimbabwe.Methods: A survey was conducted on 108 employees working in two cities. A structured questionnaire was developed and administered to the employees.Results: The results suggested that a majority of the respondents were ethically conscious and could make ethical choices. In addition, most respondents deemed the ethical scenarios presented to them as morally wrong, suggesting that the surveyed employees wished to engage in ethical behaviour. However, while the respondents were deemed to be ethically astute in their individual capacities, they seemed to lack an in-depth knowledge of the ethical policies of their organisation.Conclusion: The study concludes that owners and managers of small firms should provide interventions to cascade ethical policy to the lower ranks of the organisation to enhance the ethical perception amongst employees of these firms. The study implication is that an institutional top-down approach is critical to embedding ethical sensitivity into employees without which employees may continue to speculate about the business ethics of their organisation.
Análisis de los factores de comunicación que inciden en la fidelización de los públicos universitarios
Authors: Duque Rengel Vanessa Karina , Abendaño Ramírez Mónica Elisabeth , Velásquez Benavides Andrea Victoria 
Published: July 2017

Para las organizaciones de cualquier índole, el contar con una cartera de clientes fidelizados se ha cristalizado en el sustento social, económico y de marca, que le permite sostenerse en el contexto cambiante e inestable al que se enfrentan las empresas actualmente. En este escenario nace la presente investigación que es parte de un proceso de mejora continua, cuyo objetivo fue establecer pautas reales para fidelizar a los públicos heterogéneos de las modalidades de estudios a distancia en el Ecuador, a través del planteamiento de estrategias ligadas al mejoramiento del servicio y canales de comunicación, que permitan fortalecer el sentido de pertenencia de los estudiantes universitarios. Metodológicamente fue levantada como estudio de caso en una universidad ecuatoriana. Tomó como objeto de estudio el nivel de pregrado de modalidad a distancia, en donde se analizó los vínculos de dicha institución con sus públicos. El trabajo de campo se basó en una metodología de enfoque mixto, utilizando técnicas de recolección de datos cualitativas (entrevistas) y cuantitativas (encuestas), que permitieron conocer y analizar los puntos de vista de los stakeholders, que permitieron trazar pautas de comunicación estratégica para fidelizar a sus stakeholders.
Crimes against children: an apparently terminological knowledge representation of entities in FunGramKB
Authors: Alameda Hernández Ángela , Felices Lago Ángel 
Published: July 2017

This article describes an example of the difficulties involved in the construction of a term-based satellite (or domain-specific) ontology integrated in FunGramKB –a lexico-conceptual knowledge base for the computational processing of natural language (Periñán-Pascual &amp; Arcas-Túnez 2004, 2007, 2010a; Periñán-Pascual &amp; Mairal-Usón 2009, 2010). The main hypothesis is that the multilevel model of FunGramKB Core Ontology can be connected to terminological satellite ontologies in order to minimize redundancy and maximize information (Periñán-Pascual &amp; Arcas-Túnez 2010b). To this end we follow the four-phase COHERENT methodology (Periñán-Pascual &amp; Mairal-Usón 2011): COnceptualization, HiErarchization, REmodelling and refinemeNT. In doing so, the paper furnishes substantial evidence on the structuring of a set of concepts borrowed from criminal law, an apparently terminological domain (cf. Breuker, Valente &amp; Winkels 2005; Valente 2005; Breuker, Casanovas &amp; Klein 2008). The <em>Globalcrimeterm</em> corpus has been used as an empirical foundation (Felices-Lago &amp; Ureña-Gómez Moreno 2012, 2014). To illustrate this process, we have selected the superordinate basic concept +CRIME_00 (Alameda-Hernández &amp; Felices-Lago 2016) and its basic and terminal subordinate concepts in the domains of organized crime and terrorism (all of them under the metaconcept #ENTITY), particularly those crimes referring predominantly to children or involving children with other vulnerable groups. The creation of specific definitions for the target concepts in this paper uses COREL (a conceptual representation language (Periñán-Pascual &amp; Mairal-Usón 2010)) and the following upper-level conceptual path: #ENTITY&gt; #PHYSICAL&gt; #PROCESS&gt; +OCCURRENCE_00&gt; +CRIME_00. Consequently, the modelling, subsumption and hierarchisation of concepts such as $ABDUCTION_00, $CHILD_ABUSE_00, $CHILD_PORNOGRAPHY_00, $COERCE_D_00, $CHILD_TRAFFICKING_00, $MOLEST_D_00, $FORCED_LABOUR, among others, are presented.
Transnasal Endoscopic Repair of Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea
Authors: Gupta Devang P , Dinesh SK , Manavadaria Ashil D 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak can arise as a complication of trauma, hydrocephalus, endoscopic sinus surgery, or it may occur spontaneously without any identifiable cause. Surgical repair is recommended in patients who do not respond to the conservative management. In recent years, transnasal endoscopic approach has become the preferred method for repairing CSF leaks, and better outcomes have been reported as compared with the intracranial approaches that were previously used. The objective of this study was to analyze the outcome of transnasal endoscopic repair of CSF rhinorrhea.

Materials and methods
This prospective study was conducted in the Department of ENT, B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, India, from April 2013 to July 2016. Twenty-five patients with CSF rhinorrhea were included in the study. They were diagnosed based on the clinical evaluation, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. These patients did not respond to conservative management and were operated transnasally using rigid endoscope. Patients were followed up for a mean duration of 9 months, and the outcome was analyzed.

Results
The patients included in the study ranged in the age group of 12 to 55 years. Among the patients, 15 were females and 10 were males. The cause of CSF rhinorrhea was traumatic in 18, idiopathic or spontaneous in 7. In 12 patients, the site of leak was cribriform plate, 6 from ethmoid, 5 from sphenoid sinus, and in 2 frontal sinuses were affected. Primary surgery was successful in 23 of cases. In two cases, reexploration had to be performed. Overall success rate was 100%.

Conclusion
Transnasal endoscopic repair of CSF rhinorrhea is highly successful, safe, and less traumatic.

How to cite this article
Gupta DP, Dinesh SK, Manavadaria AD. Transnasal Endoscopic Repair of Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2017;10(2):45-48.
Role of Pterygopalatine Fossa Block in achieving Relatively Bloodless Field during Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Mathew Reji , Srinivasa Chandrakala , Sathyanarayana Vinayababu , Suryanarayana Sindhura , Harsha Pooja 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
To study the efficacy of pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) block with 2% xylocaine and 1:80,000 adrenaline on bleeding during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).

Materials and methods
Single-blinded prospective comparative study was conducted on patients who underwent bilateral functional endoscopic sinus surgery after obtaining written informed consent. The effect of PPF infiltration was tested by injecting 2% xylocaine with adrenaline on test side, and saline on the control side. The test and the control side were determined by block randomization technique. The surgeon was blinded as to which side the test and control drug was to be given. The surgical field was assessed and graded every 15 minutes on both sides according to Boezaart and Vander Merwe scoring system, and the results were compared and analyzed using Mann–Whitney U test.

Results
Thirty-two patients were included in the study, of whom 59.4% were males. Ethmoidal polyposis was the most common diagnosis (50%). The median computed tomography grade and the endoscopic grade of disease in test side and control side were comparable. The mean blood loss grade on test side was 9.0 ± 3.5 and in control side was 10.9 ± 3.5, and the difference was statistically significant. Significant positive correlation was observed between preoperative endoscopic grade of the disease and blood loss during surgery. A statistically significant correlation was also observed between the vital parameters and blood loss.

Conclusion
Pterygopalatine fossa infiltration with 2% xylocaine and 1:80,000 adrenaline reduces bleeding during ESS.

Clinical significance
This study is pivotal in devising an additional method for providing a clear bloodless operative field which to date is one of the major challenges faced by the otorhinolaryngologist.

How to cite this article
Mathew R, Srinivasa C, Sathyanarayana V, Suryanarayana S, Harsha P. Role of Pterygopalatine Fossa Block in achieving Relatively Bloodless Field during Endoscopic Sinus Surgery. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2017;10(2):62-65.
Correlation of Computed Tomographic Findings and Intraoperative Findings in Patients with Chronic Sinusitis
Authors: Prakash Anjali , Raj Anoop , Wadhwa Vikram , Tandon Swati , Rathore Praveen K 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
Objective
Chronic sinusitis affects more than 30 million people each year worldwide. Computed tomography (CT) has become a standard diagnostic tool in the evaluation of paranasal sinuses (PNS), but medical literature lacks studies correlating preoperative CT and intraoperative findings of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). The aim of our study was to evaluate ostiomeatal unit on multidetector CT (MDCT) and correlate findings of MDCT with intraoperative findings during FESS in patients with chronic sinusitis and hence check for its usefulness during surgery.

Study design
Prospective clinical study.

Materials and methods
Forty-nine patients with chronic sinusitis who visited the Lok Nayak Hospital, Delhi, India, between October 2010 and February 2012 were included in the study. All such patients underwent preoperative CT scan of PNS before surgery, i.e., FESS with or without septoplasty under general anesthesia.

Results
Maxillary sinus was found to be the most common sinus involved in chronic sinusitis. Preoperative CT findings correlated well with intraoperative findings for all sinuses except left maxillary sinus.

Conclusion
Multiplanar CT of nose and PNS helps to deli­neate the anatomy of nose and PNS, and drainage pathways of sinuses preoperatively. Therefore, the operating surgeon should be well versed with it. Progress of endoscopic sinus surgery can be partially attributed to revolution in imaging modalities.

How to cite this article
Tandon S, Rathore PK, Raj A, Prakash A, Wadhwa V. Correlation of Computed Tomographic Findings and Intraoperative Findings in Patients with Chronic Sinusitis. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2017;10(2):78-85.
Anatomical and Functional Evaluation of Conventional vs Inferior Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy in Study Cases of Idiopathic Chronic Dacryocystitis
Authors: Kashyap Aditya , Negi Satisg , Chauhan Prem L , Thakur Kuldeep 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

Objective
To compare the results of conventional nasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) and inferior nasal endoscopic DCR in Study cases of idiopathic chronic dacryocystitis.

Materials and methods
Forty patients diagnosed with idiopathic chronic dacryocystitis were divided into two groups alternately. After relevant investigations, they were subjected for endoscopic DCR by two techniques. Twenty patients underwent conventional endoscopic DCR and 20 underwent inferior endoscopic DCR under transoral pterygopalatine block and topical lignocaine (4%) with adrenaline 1:2,000. After 3 months of follow-up in the outpatient department, nasal endoscopy along with fluorescein dye disappearance test (FDDT) at 10 minutes was done.

Results
Ninety-five percent (19/20) of patients undergoing conventional endoscopic DCR and 90% (18/20) of patients undergoing inferior endoscopic DCR were found to have patent anatomical fistula. On FDDT, nasal endoscopy after 10 minutes revealed 84% (16/19) in group I and 94.4% (17/18) in group II with fluorescein in nasal cavity.

Conclusion
Present study concludes the importance of bony, tendinous, and muscular support of lacrimal sac in physiological lacrimal pump functioning and advantage of relatively new technique of inferior endoscopic DCR. Inferior endoscopic DCR is associated with less operative time as well as less local complications.

How to cite this article
Thakur K, Kashyap A, Negi S, Chauhan PL. Anatomical and Functional Evaluation of Conventional vs Inferior Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy in Study Cases of Idiopathic Chronic Dacryocystitis. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2017;10(2):86-90.