bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long Noncoding RNA-1604 Orchestrates Neural Differentiation through the miR-200c/ZEB Axis
Authors: Weng Rong , Lu Chenqi , Liu Xiaoqin , Li Guoping , Lan Yuanyuan , Qiao Jing , Bai Mingliang , Wang Zhaojie , Guo Xudong , Ye Dan , Jiapaer Zeyidan , Yang Yiwei , Xia Chenliang , Wang Guiying , Kang Jiuhong 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Clarifying the regulatory mechanisms of embryonic stem cell (ESC) neural differentiation is helpful not only for understanding neural development but also for obtaining high-quality neural progenitor cells required by stem cell therapy of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we found that long noncoding RNA 1604 (lncRNA-1604) was highly expressed in cytoplasm during neural differentiation, and knockdown of lncRNA-1604 significantly repressed neural differentiation of mouse ESCs both in vitro and in vivo. Bioinformatics prediction and mechanistic analysis revealed that lncRNA-1604 functioned as a novel competing endogenous RNA of miR-200c and regulated the core transcription factors ZEB1 and ZEB2 during neural differentiation. Furthermore, we also demonstrated the critical role of miR-200c and ZEB1/2 in mouse neural differentiation. Either introduction of miR-200c sponge or overexpression of ZEB1/2 significantly reversed the lncRNA-1604 knockdown-induced repression of mouse ESC neural differentiation. Collectively, these findings not only identified a previously unknown role of lncRNA-1604 and ZEB1/2 but also elucidated a new regulatory lncRNA-1604/miR-200c/ZEB axis in neural differentiation.
Qualitative methods for engineering systems: Why we need them and how to use them
Authors: Szajnfarber Zoe , Gralla Erica 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis paper discusses the role that qualitative methods can and should play in engineering systems research and lays out the process of doing good qualitative research. As engineering research increasingly focuses on sociotechnical systems, in which human behavior and organizational context play important roles in system behavior, there is an increasing need for the insights qualitative research can provide. This paper synthesizes the literature on qualitative methods and lessons from the authors’ experience employing qualitative methods to study a variety of engineering systems. We hope that by framing the key issues clearly, other engineers who hope to join the qualitative path will build on what we have learned so far to enable greater insight into engineering systems.
Numerical analysis and full‐scale experiment on K‐joint deformations in the crank arms of lattice transmission towers
Authors: Yang Fengli , Zhu Binrong , Li Zheng 
Published: December 2017

SummaryAfter completion of the construction process including wire stringing of 1,000 kV ultrahigh voltage (UHV) cat‐head electric transmission towers, the outward horizontal K‐joint deformation of one side crank arm may usually exceed 70 mm. Joint slip effects were ignored in the initial structural design of transmission towers, which induced that the calculated K‐joint displacements are much lower and the real deformation cannot meet with the requirement of the acceptant code. First, the shortcomings of the traditional unit load method used to calculate the displacements of transmission towers connected by bolt joints were analyzed. Second, a coefficient for describing the axial force state of bolted joints was proposed. The connection numbers for different types of members in the crank arms of a UHV cat‐head transmission tower were determined. The traditional unit load method was enhanced by importing the force state coefficient and specifying the detailed connection numbers. The K‐joint displacements calculated by the enhanced formula were compared with the experimental results by full‐scale tower experiment. It shows that the enhanced unit load method is suitable for calculating K‐joint deformations in the crank arms of UHV cat‐head transmission towers. Lastly, contribution weight coefficients of different members for K‐joint displacements of the UHV cat‐head transmission tower were calculated by the enhanced unit load method. For bolt joints connected with the tower members with high contribution weight coefficients, the manufacturing accuracy of bolt holes should be improved, and the bolt clearance should be decreased, which can significantly reduce the K‐joint deformation of UHV cat‐head transmission towers.
Positioning as not‐understanding: The value of showing uncertainty for engaging in science
Authors: Watkins Jessica , Hammer David , Radoff Jennifer , Jaber Lama Z. , Phillips Anna M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractNot understanding is central to scientific work: what scientists do is learn about the natural world, which involves seeking out what they do not know. In classrooms, however, the position of not‐understanding is generally a liability; confusion is an unfortunate condition to resolve as quickly as possible, or to conceal. In this article, we argue that students' public displays of uncertainty or confusion can be pivotal contributions to the classroom dynamics in initiating and sustaining a class's science inquiry. We present this as a central finding from a cross‐case analysis of eight episodes of students' scientific engagement, drawing on literature onframingto show how participants positioned themselves as not‐understanding and how that was consequential for the class's scientific engagement. We show how participants enacted this positioning by asking questions or expressing uncertainty around a phenomenon or model. We then analyze how participants' displays of not‐understanding shaped the conceptual, epistemic, and social aspects of classroom activity. We present two cases in detail: one in which a student's positioning helped initiate the class's scientific engagement and another in which it helped sustain it. We argue that this work motivates considering how to help students learn to embrace and value the role of expressing one's confusion in science.
In‐utero aspiration vs expectant management of anechoic fetal ovarian cysts: open randomized controlled trial
Authors: Diguisto C. , Winer N. , Benoist G. , Laurichesse‐Delmas H. , Potin J. , Binet A. , Lardy H. , Morel B. , Perrotin F. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and safety of in‐utero aspiration (IUA) of anechoic fetal ovarian cysts.MethodsThis multicenter, prospective, randomized open trial in two parallel groups included women from nine outpatient fetal medicine departments with singleton pregnancy ≥ 28 weeks of gestation and a female fetus with an ultrasound‐diagnosed simple ovarian cyst, defined as a single fully anechoic cystic structure measuring ≥ 30 mm. They were allocated randomly to IUA under ultrasound guidance or expectant management. All procedures were performed by trained senior obstetricians. Primary outcome was need for neonatal intervention, by laparoscopy, laparotomy or transabdominal aspiration. Secondary outcomes were in‐utero involution of the cyst and oophorectomy at birth. Analyses were conducted according to the intention‐to‐treat principle.ResultsOf 61 participants, 34 were allocated to IUA and 27 to expectant management. Three IUA procedures (9%) could not be performed (one due to fetal position and two due to aspirations being dry). The remaining 31 IUA procedures were uneventful. The incidence of neonatal intervention did not differ significantly between the IUA and the expectant management groups (20.6% vs 37.0%; relative risk (RR), 0.55; 95% CI, 0.24–1.27). Nonetheless, IUA was associated with increased incidence of in‐utero involution of the cyst (47.1% vs 18.5%; RR, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.07–6.05) and reduced rate of oophorectomy (3.0% vs 22.0%; RR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.02–1.03) compared with expectant management.ConclusionIUA of anechoic fetal ovarian cysts, compared with expectant management, was not associated with a reduction in overall neonatal interventions but was associated with a reduced oophorectomy rate. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Parabolic RANS solver for low‐computational‐cost simulations of wind turbine wakes
Authors: Iungo Giacomo Valerio , Santhanagopalan Vignesh , Ciri Umberto , Viola Francesco , Zhan Lu , Rotea Mario A. , Leonardi Stefano 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA numerical framework for simulations of wake interactions associated with a wind turbine column is presented. A Reynolds‐averaged Navier‐Stokes (RANS) solver is developed for axisymmetric wake flows using parabolic and boundary‐layer approximations to reduce computational cost while capturing the essential wake physics. Turbulence effects on downstream evolution of the time‐averaged wake velocity field are taken into account through Boussinesq hypothesis and a mixing length model, which is only a function of the streamwise location. The calibration of the turbulence closure model is performed through wake turbulence statistics obtained from large‐eddy simulations of wind turbine wakes. This strategy ensures capturing the proper wake mixing level for a given incoming turbulence and turbine operating condition and, thus, accurately estimating the wake velocity field. The power capture from turbines is mimicked as a forcing in the RANS equations through the actuator disk model with rotation. The RANS simulations of the wake velocity field associated with an isolated 5‐MW NREL wind turbine operating with different tip speed ratios and turbulence intensity of the incoming wind agree well with the analogous velocity data obtained through high‐fidelity large‐eddy simulations. Furthermore, different cases of columns of wind turbines operating with different tip speed ratios and downstream spacing are also simulated with great accuracy. Therefore, the proposed RANS solver is a powerful tool for simulations of wind turbine wakes tailored for optimization problems, where a good trade‐off between accuracy and low‐computational cost is desirable.
Quality of Surgery in Malawi: Comparison of Patient‐Reported Outcomes After Hernia Surgery Between District and Central Hospitals
Authors: Gajewski Jakub , Conroy Ronan , Bijlmakers Leon , Mwapasa Gerald , McCauley Tracey , Borgstein Eric , Brugha Ruairi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundDistrict hospitals in Africa could meet the essential surgical needs of rural populations. However, evidence on outcomes is needed to justify investment in this option, given that surgery at district hospitals in some African countries is usually undertaken by non‐physician clinicians.MethodsBaseline and 2–3‐month follow‐up measurements were undertaken on 98 patients who had undergone hernia repairs at four district and two central hospitals in Malawi, using a modified quality‐of‐life tool.ResultsThere was no significant difference in outcomes between district and central hospital cases, where a good outcome was defined as no more than one severe and three mild symptoms. Outcomes were marginally inferior at district hospitals (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.63–1.0). However, in the 46 cases that underwent elective surgery at district hospitals, baseline scores for severe symptoms were worse (mean = 3.5) than in the 23 elective central hospital cases (mean = 2.5), p = 0.004. Also, the mean change (improvement) in symptom score was higher in district versus central hospital cases (3.9 vs. 2.3).ConclusionThe study results support the case for investing in district hospital surgery in sub‐Saharan Africa to increase access to essential surgical care for rural populations. This could free up specialists to undertake more complex and referred cases and reduce emergency presentations. It will require investments in training and resources for district hospitals and in supervision from higher levels.
Estimating antiwear properties of esters as potential lubricant-based oils using QSTR models with CoMFA and CoMSIA
Authors: Wang Zhan , Wang Tingting , Yang Guoyan , Gao Xinlei , Dai Kang 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Comparative molecular field analysis and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis were employed to analyze the antiwear properties of a series of 57 esters as potential lubricant-based oils. Predictive 3D-quantitative structure tribo-ability relationship models were established using the SYBYL multifit molecular alignment rule with a training set and a test set. The optimum models were all shown to be statistically significant with cross-validated coefficients q
2 > 0.5 and conventional coefficients r
2 > 0.9, indicating that the models are sufficiently reliable for activity prediction, and may be useful in the design of novel ester-based oils.
The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Intervention in Attention on Individuals with ADHD: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lee Clara S.C. , Ma Man-Ting , Ho Hin-Yui , Tsang Ka-Kei , Zheng Yi-Yi , Wu Zou-Yi 
Published: December 2017

Background/Objective Mindfulness-based intervention has received more clinical interest and empirical support for individuals with ADHD especially to improve attention. However, no systematic review has been done to analyze and compare the effectiveness of mindfulness-based intervention on individuals with ADHD in different age groups. This review examined its effectiveness for individuals (children, adolescents and adults) with ADHD to improve attention. Methods In 7 databases, totally of 152 studies were identified; 9 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were reviewed. Five of the studies recruited adults as the participants, two recruited adolescents as the participants, one recruited both adults and adolescents as the participants and one recruited children as the participants. Results It was found that mindfulness-based intervention was comparatively more popularly used in adults with ADHD to improve attention, and the improvement was significant. Conclusion It is still unclear whether mindfulness-based intervention is effective for children and adolescence with ADHD due to limited studies available and the limitations of the study design in the reviewed studies. Therefore, more research in the future is required to answer the question.
Between the Lines: The 50th Anniversary of Long-Term Central Venous Catheters
Authors: Gow Kenneth W. , Tapper David , Hickman Robert O. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Background: Tunneled central venous catheters (CVC) were developed five decades ago. Since then, several clinician-inventors have created a variety of catheters with different functions. Indeed, many catheters have been named after their inventor. Many have wondered who the inventors were of each catheter, and what specifically inspired their inventions. Many of these compelling stories have yet to be told.
Data source: A literature review of common catheters and personal communication with inventors. Only first person accounts from inventors or those close to the invention were used.
Conclusions: CVCs are now essential devices that have saved countless lives. Though the inventors have earned the honor of naming their catheters, it may be reasonable to consider more consistent terminology to describe these catheters to avoid confusion.
Nd–Sr–Os systems of eclogites in the lithospheric mantle of the Kasai Craton
(Angola)
Authors: Nikitina L.P. , Bogomolov E.S. , Krymsky R.Sh. , Belyatsky B.V. , Korolev N.M. , Zinchenko V.N. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
We studied the Sm–Nd, Rb–Sr, and Re–Os isotope compositions of mantle xenoliths (eclogites and peridotites) from diamondiferous kimberlites of the Catoca cluster of the Kasai Craton. In the eclogites, the primary strontium isotope composition 87Sr/86Sr varies from 0.7056 to 0.7071, and the neodymium isotope composition εNd, from 1.8 to 2.6. The 187Re/188Os and 187Os/188Os ratios range from 135 to 80 and from 1.3110 to 1.9709, respectively, which indicates a significant portion of radiogenic 187Os: γOs = 129-147. These isotope values exceed the values assumed for model reservoirs (primitive upper mantle (PUM) and bulk silicate Earth (BSE)) and those of chondrites. The isotope composition of the studied systems indicates the formation of eclogites from a rhenium-enriched source, namely, the subducted oceanic crust transformed as a result of metasomatism and/or melting under upper-mantle conditions.
The contrast scale of minerals for neutron tomography of paleontologic and geologic objects
Authors: Kaloyan A.A. , Kovalenko E.S. , Pakhnevich A.V. , Podurets K.M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Neutron tomography is considered as an alternative to X-ray tomography in the study of paleontologic and geologic objects. Based on experimental data, a contrast scale of minerals and rocks, including those present in paleontologic objects, has been constructed for neutron tomography. Examples of application of neutron tomography of geologic objects are given, and the potentialities of the above methods are compared.
Fast computation of MT curves for a horizontally layered earth with laterally inhomogeneous conductivity perturbations
Authors: Plotkin V.V. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A new algorithm is proposed to compute magnetotelluric (MT) curves for a horizontally layered earth with laterally inhomogeneous conductivity. It is fast and ensures correction of induced eddy currents and galvanic distortions of MT curves produced by 3D inhomogeneities. The computation time is short (~ 1 min) due to the use of the perturbation method for solving Maxwell’s equations. The suggested algorithm has a better performance than the more costly classical Trefftz method but has an applicability limitation.
Radiocarbon Dating of Mortars with a Pozzolana Aggregate Using the Cryo2SoniC Protocol to Isolate the Binder
Authors: Nonni Sara , Marzaioli Fabio , Mignardi Silvano , Passariello Isabella , Capano Manuela , Terrasi Filippo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTo date, finding a technique able to effectively isolate the carbon signal from the binder of a mortar is still an open challenge. In this paper, the radiocarbon (14C) dating of one of the most challenging and diffuse types of mortar, the one with pozzolana aggregate, is investigated. Eight mortar samples from three archaeological sites near Rome (Italy) underwent a selection process called Cryo2SoniC. The selected fractions were analyzed by the accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C technique and compared to known historical references. Additional scanning electron microscopy analysis and petrographic investigations were done, respectively, to check the grain size of the fractions selected by Cryo2SoniC, and further, to characterize the original mortar samples. The masses of carbon yielded from the dated fractions were almost half of those released from some aerial mortars. The 14C dating results were accurate for pozzolana mortars, from buried and unburied structures, with calcination relics and small contamination of secondary calcite. A limitation in the purification protocol was observed on samples with a massive contamination of secondary calcite deposition of ground water origin, occluding porosity and substituting up to the 80% of the original binder matrix.
Rapid protein disappearance rates along the small intestine advantage poultry performance and influence the post-enteral availability of amino acids
Authors: Truong Ha H. , Chrystal Peter V. , Moss Amy F. , Selle Peter H. , Liu Sonia Yun 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA foundation diet, an intermediate blend and a summit diet were formulated with different levels of soyabean meal, casein and crystalline amino acids to compare ‘slow’ and ‘rapid’ protein diets. The diets were offered to male Ross 308 chicks from 7 to 28 d post-hatch and assessed parameters included growth performance, nutrient utilisation, apparent digestibility coefficients and disappearance rates of starch and protein (N) in four small intestinal segments. Digestibility coefficients and disappearance rates of sixteen amino acids in three small intestinal segments and amino acid concentrations in plasma from portal and systemic circulations from the foundation and summit diets were determined. The dietary transition significantly accelerated protein (N) disappearance rates in the distal jejunum and ileum. The transition from foundation to summit diets significantly increased starch digestibility coefficients in the ileum and disappearance rates in all four small intestinal segments. These starch responses were associated with significant enhancements in nutrient utilisation. The dietary transition linearly increased digestibility coefficients and disappearance rates of amino acids in the majority of cases. The summit diet increased plasma concentrations of five amino acids but decreased those of four amino acids relative to the foundation diet to significant extents. Plasma concentrations of free amino acids were higher in the portal than systemic circulations. Rapid protein disappearance rates advantaged poultry performance and influenced post-enteral availability of amino acids. If the underlying mechanisms are to be identified, further research into the impact of protein digestive dynamics on broiler performance is required but appears justified.
The role of local agriculture in the new natural resource economy (NNRE) for rural economic development
Authors: Lurie Susan , Brekken Christy Anderson 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRural communities have faced significant socio-economic challenges for the past several decades due to structural shifts and changing social expectations regarding the management, production of, and markets for natural resources, including production agriculture. The New Natural Resource Economy (NNRE) is an economic development approach to the use of natural resources, including agriculture, in ways that can build healthy environments and healthy, resilient local economies (Hibbard and Lurie, 2013). A major attribute of the NNRE is its focus on very small businesses, the predominant business type in rural settings. Emerging trends, such as regional food networks (RFNs) that connect food producers to consumers within a state or local region, may provide opportunities for rural communities to diversify and expand local businesses around the use of natural resources, thereby helping to restore greater capacity for self-direction and adding to local community vitality. Thus, we address whether RFNs in rural Oregon counties display characteristics of an NNRE development strategy through the relationships between agricultural producers and consumers that support very small agricultural enterprises. Based on analysis of Oregon producer survey data from 2016 in the more rural resource-dependent Oregon counties, we find that the RFN producer survey respondents are indeed very small businesses engaged in small-scale, multifunctional agriculture. They are motivated by economic, social, and environmental concerns as they contribute to the economic activity in their communities. We also surveyed Oregon consumers, finding that although consumer survey respondents in the same region are not primarily driven to buy local based on environmental considerations, they are nonetheless interested in supporting agriculture and local businesses. The demand for local products can create a virtuous cycle contributing to the economic, social, and environmental sustainability of the community. Given appropriate policy and program support, there is fertile ground to create new opportunities to generate farm income and acquire food within the NNRE healthy environment-healthy economy paradigm for rural economic development.