bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
China's Solution to Global Cyber Governance: Unpacking the Domestic Discourse of “Internet Sovereignty”
Authors: Zeng Jinghan , Stevens Tim , Chen Yaru 
Published: June 2017

Under Xi Jinping's leadership, China has actively promoted “Internet sovereignty” as a means to reshape the discourse and practices of global cyber governance. By analyzing Chinese‐language literature, this article unpacks the Chinese discourse of Internet sovereignty. Despite significant interest in promoting it as China's normative position on cyberspace, we find that Chinese formulations of Internet sovereignty are fragmented, diverse, and underdeveloped. There are substantial disagreements and uncertainty over what Internet sovereignty is and how it can be put into practice. This is principally due to the evolving pattern of Chinese policy formation, whereby political ideas are often not clearly defined when first proposed by Chinese leaders. This article argues that an underdeveloped domestic discourse of Internet sovereignty has significantly restricted China's capacity to provide alternative norms in global cyberspace. Appreciating this ambiguity, diversity, and, sometimes, inconsistency is vital to accurate understanding of transformations in global cyber governance occasioned by China's rise.Related ArticlesGlen,Carol M.2014. “”Politics & Policy42():635‐657.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12093/fullHellmeier,Sebastian.2016. “.”Politics & Policy44():1158‐1191.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12189/fullHolbig,Heike, andBruceGilley.2010. “.”Politics & Policy38():395‐422.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2010.00241.x/full
The Impact of Punitive Immigrant Laws on the Health of Latina/o Populations
Authors: Vargas Edward D. , Sanchez Gabriel R. , Juárez Melina D. 
Published: June 2017

This study examines how anti‐immigrant policies affect the physical health of Latina/os in the United States. Merging two unique datasets: sum of anti‐immigrant policies by state from 2005 to 2011 and a 2011 Robert Wood Johnson Center for Health Policy nationally representative sample of Latina/os (n = 1,200), we estimate a series of logistic regressions to understand how anti‐immigrant legislations are affecting the health of Latina/os. Our modeling approach takes into consideration Latinos’ diverse experience, a context that is widely overlooked in datasets that treat Latina/os as a homogeneous ethnic group. Our findings suggest that an increase in anti‐immigrant laws enacted by a state decreases the probability of respondents reporting optimal health, even when controlling for other relevant factors, such as citizenship status, language of interview, and interethnic variation. The implication and significance of this work has tremendous impacts for scholars, policy makers, health service providers, and applied researchers interested in reducing health disparities among minority populations.Related Articles

Sabia, Debra. 2010. “” Politics & Policy 38 (): 53‐80. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2009.00228.x/abstract

Turner, Robert C., and
William Sharry. 2012. “.” Politics & Policy 40 (): 983‐1018. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2012.00392.x/abstract

Barnes, Nielan. 2011. “.” Politics & Policy 39 (): 69‐89. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2010.00283.x/full
Prevalence of malocclusion in individuals with and without intellectual disability: A comparative study
Authors: Cabrita Joana P. , Bizarra Maria de Fátima , Graça Sandra Ribeiro 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the prevalence malocclusion between individuals with intellectual disability (ID) and a control group without disability (NID).MethodsA total of 202 individuals (123 with ID and 79 with no impairment) were included in the study. Data were collected through oral examinations using the Angle classification of malocclusion and the dental aesthetic index (DAI).ResultsAccording to Angle's classification of malocclusion, it was found that 37.6% of all participants presented malocclusion. Class II malocclusion was the most common form of malocclusion in both groups, whereas class III cases were present almost exclusively in ID group (91.7%). The mean DAI score was 30.85 (± 13.7), being higher in the ID group (32.80) than in the control group (27.81; p = 0.003). A total of 45 (22.3%) participants had DAI scores of 36 and above, which indicate a handicapping malocclusion requiring mandatory orthodontic treatment. From those needing mandatory orthodontic treatment, the majority (84.4%) belonged to ID group. Mandibular irregularity (56.4%) and incisal segment crowding (45%) were the most common features of the malocclusion. Linear regression indicates that having an intellectual disability predicts severe or very severe malocclusion.ConclusionsIn this study, the prevalence of malocclusion was found to be higher and more severe in intellectual disabled participants. The dental practitioner should understand the particular relevance of this problem especially in patients with intellectual disabilities where impaired oral functions and poor appearance may further complicate oral health and increase negative social responses.
Biogeographic mirages? Molecular evidence for dispersal‐driven evolution in Hydrobiusini water scavenger beetles
Authors: TOUSSAINT EMMANUEL F. A. , SHORT ANDREW E. Z. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWater beetles of the tribe Hydrobiusini are globally distributed in the northern hemisphere and all austral continents except Antarctica. A remarkable clade also occurs in the Hawaiian Islands. The phylogenetic relationships among genera were recently investigated using a combination of molecules and morphology. Here, we use this phylogenetic framework to address the biogeographic evolution of this group using Bayesian fossil‐based divergence times, and model‐based maximum likelihood ancestral range estimations. We recover an origin of the tribe in the Cretaceous ca. 100 Ma. Our biogeographic analyses support an origin of the tribe in Laurasia followed by the colonization of Australia. However, a Gondwanan origin of the group cannot be ruled out when considering the fossil record. The timeframe of the tribe's evolution as well as the model‐based approach of ancestral range estimation favour a scenario invoking multiple transoceanic dispersal events over a Gondwana vicariance hypothesis. The Hawaiian radiation originated from long‐distance dispersal to now‐submerged islands, paired with dispersal to new islands as they formed.
Burden of cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant recipients: a national matched cohort study in an inpatient setting
Authors: Hakimi Zalmai , Aballéa Samuel , Ferchichi Sameh , Scharn Micky , Odeyemi Isaac A. , Toumi Mondher , Saliba Faouzi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated the impact of early‐ (E‐CMV) and late onset (L‐CMV) cytomegalovirus disease on the probability of graft rejection, graft failure, mortality, and healthcare resource use, following solid organ transplantation (SOT) in France.MethodsA retrospective analysis of data from the French ‘Programme de Médicalisation des Systèmes d'Information’ database (2007‐2011) was conducted to identify SOT recipients who developed CMV disease in an inpatient setting. Recipients were stratified by time to CMV disease onset: E‐CMV (≤3 months), L‐CMV‐3M (>3‐24 months), and L‐CMV‐6M (>6‐24 months). Data were analyzed by comparing recipients with CMV disease or without (controls) in a 1:2 ratio, matched according to age, gender, target organ, and previous/simultaneous occurrence of graft rejection. Graft failure, graft rejection, all‐cause in‐hospital mortality, and resource utilization (including hospitalization costs) were assessed over 12 months following CMV disease diagnosis.ResultsAmong 20 473 SOT recipients, 2430 (11.86%) were reported to have CMV disease within 24 months after transplantation. CMV disease was significantly associated with an increased risk of graft rejection and mortality, as indicated by logistic regression analysis. Odd ratios (ORs) for the risk of graft rejection were E‐CMV=1.43, L‐CMV‐3M=1.50, and L‐CMV‐6M=1.61 (all P<.05), while ORs for mortality were E‐CMV=2.85, L‐CMV‐3M=4.22, and L‐CMV‐6M=4.77 (all P<.0001). Only L‐CMV was significantly correlated with a higher risk of graft failure: E‐CMV=1.18 (P=.1906), L‐CMV‐3M=1.77 (P=.0013), and L‐CMV‐6M=3.12 (P<.0001). Hospitalization costs increased by €7078 (range €6270‐€22 111), €6523 (range €5328‐€10 295), and €6311 (range €5295‐€9184) in recipients with E‐CMV, L‐CMV‐3M, and L‐CMV‐6‐M, respectively.ConclusionThis study, based on French national data, demonstrates the considerable burden of CMV disease in SOT recipients and highlights the importance of developing new strategies to prevent and manage CMV disease and improve clinical outcomes for SOT patients.
Evaluating Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) leukocyte differential counts comparing the CellaVision DM96 and the manual method
Authors: Zaias Julia , Bradley Christine , Richardson Jill , Eskelinen Holli C. , Ikpatt Frances , Cray Carolyn 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundThe leukocyte differential count is an excellent diagnostic tool; however, the manual differential count has several drawbacks, especially for nontraditional species. Automated cell analyzers commonly used in veterinary practices require species‐specific validation for use in nondomestic species other than dogs and cats.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to examine the potential of the CellaVision DM96 (DM96), an automated image analysis system, as a rapid and accurate method for providing a WBC differential count in comparison to the manual WBC differential count in bottlenose dolphins.MethodsTen fresh, EDTA anticoagulated blood samples were collected, blood smears were made and stained, and the differential WBC counts were performed on the DM96 and compared with manual differential WBC counts. Agreement, means, and errors were compared between the methods.ResultsThere was good agreement between the DM96 and manual differential WBC counts for neutrophils; however, there was significant variation when comparing lymphocyte, monocyte, and eosinophil counts. No basophils were seen by any method.ConclusionsDespite a small sample size, the DM96 appeared to provide a viable alternative for automated neutrophil counting in blood of bottlenose dolphins. Whether the counts are comparable in animals with highly pathologic differential counts must be addressed in follow‐up studies, preferably with more study animals.
Temporal dynamics of relative abundances and bacterial succession in chronic wound communities
Authors: Tipton Craig D. , Mathew Marilyn E. , Wolcott Richard A. , Wolcott Randall D. , Kingston Tigga , Phillips Caleb D. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPolymicrobial bacterial infection is an important factor contributing to wound chronicity. Consequently, clinicians frequently adopt a biofilm‐based wound care approach, in which wounds are treated utilizing DNA sequencing information about microbial communities. While more successful than treatment not using community information, there is little information about temporal dynamics of wound communities and optimal approaches over the course of treatment. To characterize these dynamics, temporal analysis over three sampling points was conducted for 167 chronic wounds. Across sampling intervals, wound communities from the same patients changed in composition, and most commonly shared less than 50% of observed species. There was a significant relationship between community similarity and time between sampling. Classifying wounds into state types, we found that communities frequently transitioned from Pseudomonas or Staphylococcus dominated, into a highly variable state type. Although low abundance microbial species are typically disregarded due to uncertainty of biological importance, we found that 80% of wound microbiomes included common or dominant species at subsequent time points that were in low abundance in earlier samples. Moreover, these species were often those known to frequently infect wounds. Results document compositional shifts through the course of treatment and suggest that routine consideration of low abundance species may improve biofilm‐based wound care. Moreover, findings indicate that integrating ecological modeling to understand wound microbiome succession may lead to more informed therapy.
The beneficial metabolic effects of insulin sensitizers are not attenuated by mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 2 hypomorphism
Authors: Vigueira Patrick A. , McCommis Kyle S. , Hodges Wesley T. , Schweitzer George G. , Cole Serena L. , Oonthonpan Lalita , Taylor Eric B. , McDonald William G. , Kletzien Rolf F. , Colca Jerry R. , Finck Brian N. 
Published: June 2017

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
The antidiabetic effects of thiazolidinedione (TZD) drugs may be mediated in part by a molecular interaction with the constituent proteins of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier complex (MPC1 and MPC2). We examined the ability of a mutant mouse strain expressing an N‐terminal truncation of MPC2 (Mpc2Δ16 mice) to respond to TZD treatment.

What is the main finding and its importance?
The response of Mpc2Δ16 mice to TZD treatment was not significantly different from that of wild‐type C57BL6/J control animals, suggesting that the 16 N‐terminal amino acids of MPC2 are dispensable for the effects of TZD treatment.

Rosiglitazone and pioglitazone are thiazolidinedione (TZD) compounds that have been used clinically as insulin‐sensitizing drugs and are generally believed to mediate their effects via activation of the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Recent work has shown that it is possible to synthesize TZD compounds with potent insulin‐sensitizing effects and markedly diminished affinity for PPARγ. Both clinically used TZDs and investigational PPARγ‐sparing TZDs, such as MSDC‐0602, interact with the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) and inhibit its activity. The MPC complex is composed of two proteins, MPC1 and MPC2. Herein, we used mice expressing a hypomorphic MPC2 protein missing 16 amino acids in the N‐terminus (Mpc2Δ16 mice) to determine the effects of these residues in mediating the insulin‐sensitizing effects of TZDs in diet‐induced obese mice. We found that both pioglitazone and MSDC‐0602 elicited their beneficial metabolic effects, including improvement in glucose tolerance, attenuation of hepatic steatosis, reduction of adipose tissue inflammation and stimulation of adipocyte browning, in both wild‐type and Mpc2Δ16 mice after high‐fat diet feeding. In addition, truncation of MPC2 failed to attenuate the interaction between TZDs and the MPC in a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer‐based assay or to affect the suppression of pyruvate‐stimulated respiration in cells. Collectively, these data suggest that the interaction between TZDs and MPC2 is not affected by loss of the N‐terminal 16 amino acids nor are these residues required for the insulin‐sensitizing effects of these compounds.
RNA-Based Amplicon Sequencing Reveals Microbiota Development during Ripening of Artisanal versus Industrial Lard d'Arnad
Authors: Ferrocino Ilario , Bellio Alberto , Romano Angelo , Macori Guerrino , Rantsiou Kalliopi , Decastelli Lucia , Cocolin Luca 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Valle d'Aosta Lard d'Arnad is a protected designation of origin (PDO) product produced from fat of the shoulder and back of heavy pigs. Its manufacturing process can be very diverse, especially regarding the maturation temperature and the NaCl concentration used for the brine; thereby, the main goal of this study was to investigate the impact of those parameters on the microbiota developed during curing and ripening. Three farms producing Lard d'Arnad were selected. Two plants, reflecting the industrial process characterized either by low maturation temperature (plant A [10% NaCl, 2°C]) or by using a low NaCl concentration (plant B [2.5% NaCl, 4°C]), were selected, while the third was characterized by an artisanal process (plant C [30% NaCl, 8°C]). Lard samples were obtained at time 0 and after 7, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days of maturation. From each plant, 3 independent lots were analyzed. The diversity of live microbiota was evaluated by using classical plate counts and amplicon target sequencing of small subunit (SSU) rRNA. The main taxa identified by sequencing were
Acinetobacter johnsonii
,
Psychrobacter
,
Staphylococcus equorum
,
Staphylococcus sciuri
,
Pseudomonas fragi
,
Brochothrix
,
Halomonas
, and
Vibrio
, and differences in their relative abundances distinguished samples from the individual plants. The composition of the microbiota was more similar among plants A and B, and it was characterized by the higher presence of taxa recognized as undesired bacteria in food-processing environments. Oligotype analysis of
Halomonas
and
Acinetobacter
revealed the presence of several characteristic oligotypes associated with A and B samples.

IMPORTANCE
Changes in the food production process can drastically affect the microbial community structure, with a possible impact on the final characteristics of the products. The industrial processes of Lard d'Arnad production are characterized by a reduction in the salt concentration in the brines to address a consumer demand for less salty products; this can negatively affect the dynamics and development of the live microbiota and, as a consequence, can negatively impact the quality of the final product due to the higher abundance of spoilage bacteria. This study is an overview of the live microbiota that develop during lard manufacturing, and it highlights the importance of the use of traditional process to produce PDO from a spoilage perspective.
Complete Genome Sequence of Bacillus subtilis J-5, a Potential Biocontrol Agent
Authors: Jia Zhenhua , Jin Weiwei , Huang Yali , Song Shuishan 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Bacillus subtilis
J-5 was isolated from tomato rhizosphere soil and exhibited strong inhibitory activity against
Botrytis cinerea
. To shed light on the molecular mechanism underlying the biological control on phytopathogens, the whole genome of this strain was sequenced. Genes encoding antimicrobial compounds and the regulatory systems were identified in the genome.
Genome Sequence of a Novel Human Gammapapillomavirus Isolated from Skin
Authors: Dutta Sankhadeep , Robitaille Alexis , Olivier Magali , Rollison Dana E. , Tommasino Massimo , Gheit Tarik 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

A new human gammapapillomavirus (HPV_MTS2) genome was isolated and fully cloned from a skin swab. The L1 open reading frame of HPV_MTS2 was 79% and 80% identical to those of its closest relatives, HPV type 149 (species Gamma-7 of the genus
Gammapapillomavirus
) and HPV isolate Dysk2 (GenBank accession no. KX781281), respectively, thus qualifying it as a new HPV type.
Draft Genome Sequences of Enterobacter cloacae Strains CAPREx E7 and CAPREx E2-2
Authors: Monson Rita E. , Honger Joseph , Rawlinson Alison , Salmond George P. C. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Enterobacter cloacae
strains CAPREx E7 and CAPREx E2-2 were isolated from Ghanaian yams at a London market. The draft genome sequences indicate that the two strains are similar, with genomes of 5,042,838 and 5,039,930 bp and 56.19% and 55.05% G+C content, respectively. Both strains encoded three different β-lactamases, including one of the AmpC family.
Effect of Electroacupuncture on Thermal Pain Threshold and Expression of Calcitonin-Gene Related Peptide, Substance P and γ-Aminobutyric Acid in the Cervical Dorsal Root Ganglion of Rats with Incisional Neck Pain
Authors: Qiao Li-na , Liu Jun-ling , Tan Lian-hong , Yang Hai-long , Zhai Xu , Yang Yong-sheng 
Published: June 2017

Objective Acupuncture therapy effectively reduces post-surgical pain, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether expression of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the neuropeptides substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the primary sensory neurons of cervical dorsal root ganglia (DRG) are involved in electroacupuncture (EA)-induced analgesia in a rat model of incisional neck pain. Methods The pain model was established by making a longitudinal midline neck incision in 60 rats. Another 15 rats underwent sham surgery (normal group). Post-incision, 15 rats remained untreated (model group) and 45 rats underwent EA (frequency 2/100 Hz, intensity 1 mA) at bilateral LI18, LI4-PC6 or ST36-GB34 (n=15 each) for 30 min at 4 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours post-surgery, followed by thermal pain threshold (PT) measurement. 30 min later, the rats were euthanased and cervical (C3-6) DRGs removed for measurement of immunoreactivity and mRNA expression of SP/CGRP and the GABAergic neuronal marker glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67). Results Thermal PT was significantly lower in the model group versus the normal group and increased in the LI18 and LI4-PC6 groups but not the ST36-GB34 group compared with the model group. Additionally, EA at LI18 and LI4-PC6 markedly suppressed neck incision-induced upregulation of mRNA/protein expression of SP/CGRP, and upregulated mRNA/protein expression of GAD67 in the DRGs of C3-6 segments. Conclusions EA at LI18/LI4-PC6 increases PT in rats with incisional neck pain, which is likely related to downregulation of pronociceptive mediators SP/CGRP and upregulation of the inhibitory transmitter GABA in the primary sensory neurons of cervical DRGs.
Stability of visual outcome between 2 and 5 years following corneal transplantation in the UK
Authors: Chow Sing-Pey , Hopkinson Cathy L , Tole Derek M , Jones Mark N , Cook Stuart D , John Armitage W 
Published: June 2017

Background and AimsMany studies of corneal transplantation focus on graft failure or rejection as endpoints, or report visual outcomes at one postoperative time point. We aimed to study the stability of visual outcomes between 2 and 5 years following corneal transplantation.MethodsAll patients with keratoconus (868) or Fuchs endothelial dystrophy (FED) (569) receiving their first corneal transplant for visual purposes in the UK between January 2003 and December 2009 were included. The probability of visual improvement or deterioration (gain or loss of ≥2 Snellen lines, respectively) between 2 and 5 years after keratoplasty was modelled by multivariable logistic regression.ResultsThe majority of keratoconus patients with a penetrating keratoplasty (PK) or deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty maintained their visual acuity (651/868; 75%) while 15% (133/868) improved and 10% (84/868) deteriorated. Similarly, most patients with FED who received a PK maintained their vision (395/569; 70%) while 18% (105/569) improved and 12% (68/569) deteriorated.