bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alien plants have greater impact than habitat fragmentation on native insect flower visitation networks
Authors: Hansen Simone , Roets Francois , Seymour Colleen L. , Thébault Elisa , van Veen F.J. Frank , Pryke James S. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimHabitat fragmentation and alien species are among the leading causes of biodiversity loss. In an attempt to reduce the impact of forestry on natural systems, networks of natural corridors and patches of natural habitat are often maintained within the afforested matrix, yet these can be subject to degradation by invasion of non‐native species. Both habitat fragmentation and alien invasive species disrupt the complex interaction networks typical of native communities. This study examines whether an invasive plant and/or the fragmented nature of the forestry landscape influences natural flower visitation networks (FVNs), flower–visitor abundance and richness or flower/visitor species composition.LocationThe species rich and diverse grasslands in the KwaZulu‐Natal Midlands, South Africa is under threat from transformation, particularly by commercial forestry plantations, restricting much of the remaining untransformed grasslands into remnant grassland patches (RGPs). Remaining patches are under additional threat from the invasive Rubus cuneifolius Pursh (bramble). Sites were established in RGPs and in a nearby protected area (PA), with and without brambles present for both areas.ResultsFlower abundance and flower area of native plant species were greater within RGP than in PA, but only in the absence of R. cuneifolius. Flower–visitor assemblages differed between invaded and uninvaded sites and also differed between PA and RGP sites. Both areas lost specialist flower–visitor species in the presence of brambles. Network modularity was greatly reduced by the presence of bramble, indicating a reduction in complexity and organization. The structure of FVNs was otherwise unaffected by presence of bramble or being located in RGPs or the PA.Main conclusionsThe RPGs contribute to regional biodiversity conservation through additional compositional diversity and intact FVNs. Rubus cuneifolius reduces ecological complexity of both RGPs and PAs, however, and its removal must be prioritized to conserve FVNs.
Therapy access among children with autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, and attention‐deficit–hyperactivity disorder: a population‐based study
Authors: Benevides Teal W , Carretta Henry J , Ivey Carole K , Lane Shelly J 
Published: September 2017

AimThis study examined cross‐sectional population‐based rates in reported need and unmet need for occupational, physical, and speech therapy services in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared with children with attention‐deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and cerebral palsy (CP).MethodThe 2005–2006 and 2009–2010 (USA) National Survey of Children with Special Health Care data sets were used to compare therapy need and unmet need among children younger than 18 years with ASD (n=5178), ADHD (n=20 566), and CP (n=1183). Bivariate approaches and multivariate logistic regression using imputed data were used to identify associations between child and family characteristics, and access to therapy services.ResultsAfter adjusting for other variables, children with ASD had a significantly greater likelihood of having an unmet therapy need compared with children with ADHD (odds ratio [OR] 1.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.36–2.03), but a similar unmet need as children with CP (OR 1.30, 95% CI 0.97–1.74). Factors associated with unmet need included survey year, younger child age, no health insurance, and increased functional and behavioral difficulties.InterpretationChildren in our sample had greater unmet therapy needs in 2009 than in 2005. Caregiver‐reported reasons for unmet need included cost and school resources. Research examining future trends in therapy access are warranted for children with ASD and CP.What this paper adds

Children with complex diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder and cerebral palsy had reported unmet need for therapy services.

High costs of therapy were the primary reported reason contributing to reduced access among children.
Investigation of thickness effects on the bending singularities of a notched plate
Authors: Chen C.‐D. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this paper, the bending singularities of a notched plate are investigated through the finite element method. The computed singular parameters, including the singularity orders and associated corner functions, are compared with those of classical plate theory and first‐order shear deformation plate theory (FSDPT); the comparisons demonstrate the inaccuracy of the boundary conditions in classical plate theory. The thickness effects are then investigated through the finite element method. The results show that although the singularity parameters computed by finite element agree with those of the FSDPT in the interior of the plate, the FSDPT is not applicable at the notch tip on the top or bottom surface because of substantial free surface effects. For a very thin plate, the inconsistence in the comparison slightly increases because of the free surface effects.
Language games: University responses to ranking metrics
Authors: Heffernan Troy A. , Heffernan Amanda 
Published: September 2017

AbstractLeague tables of universities that measure performance in various ways are now commonplace, with numerous bodies providing their own rankings of how institutions throughout the world are seen to be performing on a range of metrics. This paper uses Lyotard's notion of language games to theorise that universities are regaining some power over being placed on league tables by creating narratives that manipulate their rankings to promote their own strengths. This paper examines the findings of a study involving university responses to global rankings throughout 2016 produced by two major ranking bodies, Times Higher Education and QS Top Universities. The existing literature has established that ranking tables can be used as a vehicle for humiliation and can produce terrors for all those involved. Thus, the significance of this study's findings is in new ways of theorising university responses to appearing on league tables at a time when academia is a high‐stakes activity where institutions’ abilities are measured and reported on at a global scale.
Mobile phone text messaging improves antihypertensive drug adherence in the community
Authors: Varleta Paola , Acevedo Mónica , Akel Carlos , Salinas Claudia , Navarrete Carlos , García Ana , Echegoyen Carolina , Rodriguez Daniel , Gramusset Lissette , Leon Sandra , Cofré Pedro , Retamal Raquel , Romero Katerine 
Published: September 2017

Antihypertensive drug adherence (ADA) is a mainstay in blood pressure control. Education through mobile phone short message system (SMS) text messaging could improve ADA. The authors conducted a randomized study involving 314 patients with hypertension with <6 months of antihypertensive treatment from the Preventive Health Program of 12 different primary care centers in Santiago, Chile. Patients were randomly assigned to receive or not receive SMS related to ADA and healthy lifestyle. Adherence was assessed by the self‐reported four‐item scale Morisky‐Green‐Levine questionnaire at baseline and after 6 months of follow‐up, with four of four positive questions classified as good adherence. Group comparison for adherence was performed by means of a logistic regression model, adjusting by baseline adherence, age older than 60 years, and sex. A total of 163 patients were randomized to receive and 151 to not receive SMS. After 6 months of follow‐up, ADA in the non‐SMS group decreased from 59.3% to 51.4% (P=.1). By contrast, adherence increased from 49% to 62.3% (P=.01) in the SMS group. Text messaging intervention improved ADA (risk ratio, 1.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.0–1.6 [P<.05]). At 6‐month follow‐up, text messaging resulted in an increase in reporting ADA in this hypertensive Latino population. This approach could become an effective tool to overcome poor medication adherence in the community.
Low and high body mass index in hidradenitis suppurativa patients—different subtypes?
Authors: Theut Riis P. , Saunte D.M. , Benhadou F. , del Marmol V. , Guillem P. , El‐Domyati M. , Abdel‐Wahab H. , Antoniou C. , Dessinioti C. , Gürer M.A. , Beksaç B. , Szepietowski J.C. , Matusiak L. , Emtestam L. , Lapins J. , Riad H. , Doss N. , Massa A.F. , Hamzavi I. , Nicholson C. , Dolenc‐Voljc M. , Kim K.H. , Ohn J. , Zouboulis C.C. , Karagiannidis I. , Mokos Z.B. , Durinec P. , Jemec G.B.E. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIntroductionOverweight is a well‐established risk factor for hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). In this cross‐sectional study, we compare HS patients with a high body mass index (BMI) with HS patients with a low BMI to investigate differences in disease characteristics.Materials and methodPatients were recruited from 17 dermatological centres from four continents. A total of 246 patients with a BMI below 25 were compared to 205 patients with a BMI of above 35.ResultsPatients with a high BMI suffered more severe disease (Hurley, physician global assessment, number of areas affected and patient‐reported severity (PRS), P < 0.001 for all). There was no difference in smoking (P = 0.783) nor in family history (P = 0.088). In both low and high BMI patients, early onset of HS was a predictor of positive family history (P < 0.001, for each). For low BMI patients, an increase in BMI significantly increased PRS (P < 0.001). For patients with a high BMI, number of pack‐years significantly increased PRS (P = 0.001). Cluster analysis of eruption patterns was location specific for low BMI patients but severity specific for high BMI patients.DiscussionPatients with a low and high BMI could represent two clinically different subtypes. We suggest a non‐linear relationship between BMI and impact of HS. As patients go from a low BMI patient to a high BMI patient (or from high to low), eruption patterns and risk factors may change.
Physical factors influencing the oviposition behaviour of European grapevine moths Lobesia botrana and Eupoecilia ambiguella
Authors: Markheiser A. , Rid M. , Biancu S. , Gross J. , Hoffmann C. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractUncovering the entire process of oviposition could enable the development of innovative pest control strategies. The European grapevine moth Lobesia botrana as well as the European grape berry moth Eupoecilia ambiguella are serious insect pests, which still threaten viticulture in many parts of the world. By creating an artificial semiochemical emitting surface, in form of a card, we tried to develop an egg‐monitoring tool for the oviposition of these two species in vineyards. The idea was to create a decision support system that facilitates timing and necessity of insecticide treatments. This article deals exclusively with the initial step towards the development of this tool: the influence of physical factors (colour, shape or texture) of a surface on the oviposition behaviour of L. botrana and E. ambiguella under laboratory conditions. The acceptance of different artificial substrates as oviposition site was analysed exclusive of volatile organic compounds emitted by a host plant. We investigated particular colours of the surface, which could be a visual stimulus to trigger the oviposition of both species. Apparently, the colour green, the texture of the material and the light conditions turned out to be highly important stimuli for oviposition.
Atypical Clinical Presentations of Acute Phase Chikungunya Virus Infection in Older Adults
Authors: Godaert Lidvine , Najioullah Fatiha , Bartholet Seendy , Colas Sébastien , Yactayo Sergio , Cabié André , Fanon Jean‐Luc , Césaire Raymond , Dramé Moustapha 
Published: September 2017

ObjectivesWe aimed to determine whether the presentation of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection differs between older and younger adults with regard to clinical form during the acute phase defined by the World Health Organization: acute clinical, atypical, and severe acute.DesignCross‐sectional, retrospective.SettingUniversity Hospital of Martinique.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 65 and older (n = 267, mean age 80.4 ± 87.9) who attended the emergency department with a positive biological diagnosis of CHIKV (reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction) between January and December 2014 and a randomly selected sample of individuals younger than 65 (n = 109, mean age 46.2 ± 12.7).ResultsTypical presentation was present in 8.2% of older adults and 59.6% of younger individuals (P < .001), atypical presentation in 29.6% of older adults and 5.6% of younger individuals (P < .001), and severe presentation in 19.5% of older adults and 17.4% of younger individuals (P = .65). One hundred fourteen (42.7%) of the older group and 19 (17.4%) of the younger group could not be classified in any category (absence of fever, absence of joint pain, or both) (P < .001).ConclusionOnly 8.2% of the older adults presenting in the acute phase of CHIKV have typical forms, suggesting that the most‐frequent clinical presentation of CHIKV in older adults differs from that in younger individuals.
Can a Left Ventricular Assist Device in Individuals with Advanced Systolic Heart Failure Improve or Reverse Frailty?
Authors: Maurer Mathew S. , Horn Evelyn , Reyentovich Alex , Dickson Victoria Vaughan , Pinney Sean , Goldwater Deena , Goldstein Nathan E. , Jimenez Omar , Teruya Sergio , Goldsmith Jeff , Helmke Stephen , Yuzefpolskaya Melana , Reeves Gordon R. 
Published: September 2017

Background/ObjectivesFrailty, characterized by low physiological reserves, is strongly associated with vulnerability to adverse outcomes. Features of frailty overlap with those of advanced heart failure, making a distinction between them difficult. We sought to determine whether implantation of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) would decrease frailty.DesignProspective, cohort study.SettingFive academic medical centers.ParticipantsFrail individuals (N = 29; mean age 70.6 ± 5.5, 72.4% male).MeasurementsFrailty, defined as having 3 or more of the Fried frailty criteria, was assessed before LVAD implantation and 1, 3, and 6 months after implantation. Other domains assessed included quality of life, using the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire; mood, using the Patient Health Questionnaire; and cognitive function, using the Trail‐Making Test Part B.ResultsAfter 6 months, three subjects had died, and one had undergone a heart transplant; of 19 subjects with serial frailty measures, the average number of frailty criteria decreased from 3.9 ± 0.9 at baseline to 2.8 ± 1.4 at 6 months (P = .003). Improvements were observed after 3 to 6 months of LVAD support, although 10 (52.6%) participants still had 3 or more Fried criteria, and all subjects had at least one at 6 months. Changes in frailty were associated with improvement in QOL but not with changes in mood or cognition. Higher estimated glomerular filtration rate at baseline was independently associated with a decrease in frailty.ConclusionFrailty decreased in approximately half of older adults with advanced heart failure after 6 months of LVAD support. Strategies to enhance frailty reversal in this population are worthy of additional study.
Association between the time perspective and type of involvement in bullying among adolescents: A cross‐sectional study in Japan
Authors: Mizuta Akiko , Okada Eisaku , Nakamura Mieko , Yamaguchi Hisayoshi , Ojima Toshiyuki 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimTo examine the association between the types of involvement in bullying and the time perspective among Japanese adolescents.MethodsA questionnaire was conducted among Japanese junior high school students at eight public schools that were located in two cities in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. Shirai's Experiential Time Perspective Scale was used, which comprises four subscales: goal‐directedness, hopefulness, self‐fulfillment, and acceptance of the past. An analysis of covariance was applied, with the time‐perspective subscales as the objective variable, type of involvement in bullying as a fixed factor, and grade, family structure, and economic status as the covariates.ResultsThe analysis sample included 2630 adolescents (valid response rate: 88.6%). The bullying rate of the boys was 10.8% and 4.1% for the girls, for the male victims it was 10.1% and 14.5% for the female victims, and for both the bully and the victim, it was 8.5% and 5.4%, respectively. The students who were not involved in bullying had the highest scores of hopefulness, self‐fulfillment, and acceptance of the past. For both sexes, bullying was significantly associated with hopefulness, self‐fulfillment, and acceptance of the past. Goal‐directedness was not associated with the type of involvement in bullying.ConclusionsThe victims of bullying had low time perspectives of hopefulness, self‐fulfillment, and acceptance of the past. Providing support that increases hopefulness, self‐fulfillment, and acceptance of the past might help to prevent pessimistic decision‐making, such as that seen in cases of suicide.
Potential of CLSM in studying some modern and fossil palynological objects
Authors: GAVRILOVA O. , ZAVIALOVA N. , TEKLEVA M. , KARASEV E. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryWe have tested possibilities and limitations of confocal laser scanning microscopy to study the morphology of pollen and spores and inner structure of sporoderms. As test objects, we used pollen grains of the modern angiosperm Ribes niveum (Grossulariaceae) and Datura metel (Solanaceae), fossil angiosperm pollen grains of Pseudointegricorpus clarireticulatum and Wodehouseia spinata dated to the Late Cretaceous, fossil gymnosperm pollen grains of Cycadopites‐type dated to the Middle Jurassic, and fossil megaspores Maexisporites rugulaeferus, M. grosstriletus, and Trileites sp. dated to the Early Triassic. For comparative purpose, we studied the same objects with application of conventional light, scanning electron (to entire pollen grains and spores or to semithin sections of their walls), or transmission electron microscopy. The resolution of confocal microscope is much lower than that of electron microscopes, as are its abilities to reconstruct the surface patterns and inner structure. On the other hand, it can provide information that is unreachable by other microscopical methods. Thus, the structure of endoapertures in angiosperm pollen grains can be directly observed. It is also helpful in studies of asymmetrical pollen and pollen grains bearing various appendages and having complicated exine structure, because rotation of 3‐D reconstructions allows one to examine all sides and structures of the pollen grain. The exact location of all visible and concealed structures in the sporoderm can be detected; this information helps to describe the morphology and inner structure of pollen grains and to choose necessary directions of further ultrathin sectioning for a transmission electron microscopical study. In studies of fossil pollen grains that are preserved in clumps and stuck to cuticles, confocal microscope is useful in determining the number of apertures in individual pollen grains. This can be done by means of virtual sections through 3‐D reconstructions of pollen grains. Fossil megaspores are too large and too thick‐walled objects for a confocal study; however, confocal microscope was able to reveal a degree of compression of fossil megaspores, the presence of a cavity between the outer and inner sporoderm layers, and to get some information about sporoderm inner structure.
State, war, and land dispossession: The multiple paths to land concentration
Authors: Vargas Jenniffer , Uribe Sonia 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe focus on the role of the state in land dispossession during war. State agencies promote land accumulation not only through coercive paths, but also by combining political and market mechanisms. Each mechanism may link the state with different actors and coalitions. We illustrate how this worked in Tibú, a Colombian municipality in which violence against civilians and land accumulation took place in more or less distinct phases. The case highlights the fact that land accumulation during war is not only achieved through coercion. At the same time, it shows the importance of identifying the specific coalitions through which states establish their presence in contested territories during war. We explain such variation as resulting from the types of alliances and coalitions that the state establishes with different sets of stakeholders, and the aims pursued by coalition actors.
Introduction: Land rights, restitution, politics, and war in Colombia
Authors: Cramer Christopher , Wood Elisabeth Jean 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis paper introduces contributions to a symposium that report some of the findings and arguments to emerge from a collaborative research project involving five Colombian universities forming the Observatorio de Restitución y Regulación de Derechos de Propiedad Agraria (Observatory of Restitution and Regulation of Agrarian Property Rights). In a number of ways, the research presented in the symposium advances understanding of the political economy of rural Colombia, and of war in Colombia, and the papers, drawing on the original evidence collected by Observatorio researchers, develop arguments that have a wider relevance too for agrarian political economy and the understanding of violent conflict. In particular, the papers highlight the direct participation of elites in violent conflict; the varieties and nuances of wartime primitive accumulation; the complexities of the state's role in wartime agrarian political economy; the gender dimensions of agrarian conflict; the interaction of war and law; and the significance for service provision of farm size. As Colombia—hopefully—passes from long war to peace, these arguments and this evidence may be valuable in debates about what kind of peace can develop.
Futurism in nursing: Technology, robotics and the fundamentals of care
Authors: Archibald Mandy M. , Barnard Alan 
Published: September 2017

Aims and objectivesTo explore the concept of futurism and the emergence of robotics in relation to the fundamentals of care, highlighting how nurses need a more anticipatory and contemporary position towards technology to maintain relevance in the future.BackgroundThe future of nursing in Western countries will soon be linked with the emergence of robotics for efficient and cost‐effective provision of fundamental care. Their emergence and roles with care of the body and more broadly assisting people with their daily living activities has enormous implications for the profession and health care. Despite this importance, how nursing understands and will respond to technological trends and developments is insufficiently reflected in the professions discourse.DesignA discursive article.MethodsLiterature from nursing fundamentals of care/fundamental care, information science, technology, humanities and philosophy informed the arguments in this article.ConclusionsThis article examines the intersection of futurism and the fundamentals of care, and how adopting an anticipatory and posthuman perspective towards technological‐care integration is necessary amidst a robot revolution in the techno‐era.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses are currently challenged to understand, prioritise and deliver fundamental care. Health systems are challenged by a lack of care predicated by shortfalls in skilled staff and deficiencies in staff mobilisation. Both challenges can be compounded or alleviated by further integration of technology, but to maximise benefit requires forethought and understanding. This article can help open needed dialogue around planning for the future and is a call to action for the nursing profession to conceptualise its position on exponential technological growth and fundamental care provision.