bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on loss differences and thermal optimisation of submerged cryogenic high‐speed permanent magnet motors
Authors: Ge Baojun , Wang Yue , Xu Xiao , Wang Likun , Huang Shuo , Yang Zhifei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe utilisation of high‐speed motors in cryogenic motors achieves high efficiency and rapid transmission of cryogenic media, and at the same time, the high loss characteristic of high‐speed motors enhances the vaporisation rate of cryogenic media and reduces the transmission quality of the media. Comprehensive numerical results on power loss and thermal characteristics of a submersible cryogenic high‐speed permanent magnet motor are presented. The electromagnetic and frictional losses are calculated using precise numerical analysis, and these values are then incorporated into the fluid‐thermal coupling solution model to obtain the temperature distribution results. In order to mitigate the impact of submerged cryogenic motor temperature on low‐temperature medium vapourisation, the response surface optimisation method is employed for designing the rotor cooling diversion orifice, and determining the optimal dimensions, structure, and input conditions for flow velocity. The analysis results indicate that under low‐temperature impact, the no‐load back electromotive force increased by 9.3 V; the iron loss is increased by 22 W at rated speed and the optimised temperature is reduced by 4.3°C. A 30 kW, 12,000 rpm high‐speed permanent magnet motor is utilised for validating the numerical model and the calculated results.
Platform echo and cross‐eye jamming against active‐passive composite monopulse radars
Authors: Li Dong , Liu Yongcai , Zhou Liang , Su Binbin , Meng Jin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractActive‐passive composite monopulse radar (APCMR) enhances the anti‐jamming capability by combing the advantages of active radars and passive radars. Previous studies have discussed the effectiveness of cross‐eye jamming against APCMR in a simplified scenario for isolating platform echo. In this paper, platform echo and cross‐eye jamming signals are jointly considered to analyse the jamming performance on APCMR. A mathematical model of the cross‐eye jamming against APCMR is established in the presence of the platform echo, and the jamming performance on active radar and passive radar is evaluated and compared in terms of cross‐eye gain and its probability. In order to ensure the jamming performance on both active and passive radars, a guideline for the setting of jammer parameters is proposed based on numerical simulations. The study can provide theoretical foundation for the design and application of cross‐eye jammers.
Experimental measurements of gamma-photon production and estimation of electron/positron production on the PETAL laser facility
Authors: Brun F. , Ribotte L. , Boutoux G. , Davoine X. , Masson-Laborde P. E. , Sentoku Y. , Iwata N. , Blanchot N. , Batani D. , Lantuéjoul I. , Lecherbourg L. , Rosse B. , Rousseaux C. , Vauzour B. , Raffestin D. , D’Humières E. , Ribeyre X. 
Published: September 2024

This article reports the first measurements of high-energy photons produced with the high-intensity PETawatt Aquitaine Laser (PETAL) laser. The experiments were performed during the commissioning of the laser. The laser had an energy of about 400 J, an intensity of 8 × 1018 W·cm−2, and a pulse duration of 660 fs (FWHM). It was shot at a 2 mm-thick solid tungsten target. The high-energy photons were produced mainly from the bremsstrahlung process for relativistic electrons accelerated inside a plasma generated on the front side of the target. This paper reports measurements of electrons, protons and photons. Hot electrons up to ≈35 MeV with a few-MeV temperature were recorded by a spectrometer, called SESAME (Spectre ÉlectronS Angulaire Moyenne Énergie). K- and L-shells were clearly detected by a photon spectrometer called SPECTIX (Spectromètre Petal à Cristal en TransmIssion pour le rayonnnement X). High-energy photons were diagnosed by CRACC-X (Cassette de RAdiographie Centre Chambre-rayonnement X), a bremsstrahlung cannon. Bremsstrahlung cannon analysis is strongly dependent on the hypothesis adopted for the spectral shape. Different shapes can exhibit similar reproductions of the experimental data. To eliminate dependence on the shape hypothesis and to facilitate analysis of the data, simulations of the interaction were performed. To model the mechanisms involved, a simulation chain including hydrodynamic, particle-in-cell, and Monte Carlo simulations was used. The simulations model the preplasma generated at the front of the target by the PETAL laser prepulse, the acceleration of electrons inside the plasma, the generation of MeV-range photons from these electrons, and the response of the detector impacted by the energetic photon beam. All this work enabled reproduction of the experimental data. The high-energy photons produced have a large emission angle and an exponential distribution shape. In addition to the analysis of the photon spectra, positron production was also investigated. Indeed, if high-energy photons are generated inside the solid target, some positron/electron pairs may be produced by the Bethe–Heitler process. Therefore, the positron production achievable within the PETAL laser facility was quantified. To conclude the study, the possibility of creating electron/positron pairs through the linear Breit–Wheeler process with PETAL was investigated.
α-Ta films on c-plane sapphire with enhanced microstructure
Authors: Majer Lena N. , Smink Sander , Braun Wolfgang , Fenk Bernhard , Harbola Varun , Stuhlhofer Benjamin , Wang Hongguang , van Aken Peter A. , Mannhart Jochen , Hensling Felix V. E. 
Published: September 2024

Superconducting films of α-Ta are promising candidates for the fabrication of advanced superconducting qubits. However, α-Ta films suffer from many growth-induced structural inadequacies that negatively affect their performance. We have therefore explored a new synthesis method for α-Ta films, which allows for the growth of these films with an unprecedented quality. Using this method, high quality α-Ta films are deposited at a comparably high substrate temperature of 1150 °C. They are single-phase α-Ta and have a single out-of-plane (110) orientation. They consist of grains ≥2 μm that have one of three possible in-plane orientations. As shown by scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss studies, the substrate–film interfaces are sharp with no observable intermixing. The obtained insights into the epitaxial growth of body-centered-cubic films on quasi-hexagonal substrates lay the basis for harnessing the high structural coherence of such films in various applications.
A 700 kV pulse generator with a rise time on the order of several nanoseconds
Authors: Li Junna , Wang Yongliang , Zhou Xiaoyu , Shi Haoliang , Wu Fangzheng , Huang Qixiang , Li Qisheng , Zhang Yiting 
Published: September 2024

Pulse generators with high voltage and several nanoseconds of rise time are typically used to carry out the equivalent assessment of the protection performance of typical power equipment in the high-altitude electromagnetic pulse environment. In this paper, a pulse generator with high voltage and fast rise time has been designed, and the diagnostic system with high temporal resolution has been integrated to measure the output pulse voltage of the generator. The experimental results showed that the output pulse voltage of the generator on the output load can reach 645 kV when the charged voltage of Marx generator capacitors is 40 kV. The rise time of the generator is 8.2–9.9 ns when the charged voltage of Marx generator capacitors is in the range of 20–40 kV.
Quantitative assessment of chlorine gas inhalation injury based on endoscopic OCT and spectral encoded interferometric microscope imaging with deep learning
Authors: Zhu Zhikai , Yang Hyunmo , Lei Hongqiu , Miao Yusi , Philipopoulos George , Doosty Melody , Mukai David , Song Yuchen , Lee Jangwoen , Mahon Sari , Brenner Matthew , Veress Livia , White Carl , Jung Woonggyu , Chen Zhongping 
Published: September 2024

Chlorine exposure can cause severe airway injuries. While the acute effects of chlorine inhalation are well-documented, the structural changes resulting from the post-acute, high-level chlorine exposure remain less understood. Airway sloughing is one of the standards for doctors to evaluate the lung function. Here, we report the application of a high-resolution swept-source optical coherence tomography system to investigate the progression of injury based on airway sloughing evaluation in a chlorine inhalation rabbit model. This system employs a 1.2 mm diameter flexible fiberoptic endoscopic probe via an endotracheal tube to capture in vivo large airway anatomical changes before and as early as 30 min after acute chlorine exposure. We conducted an animal study using New Zealand white rabbits exposed to acute chlorine gas (800 ppm, 6 min) during ventilation and monitored them using optical coherence tomography (OCT) for 6 h. To measure the volume of airway sloughing induced by chlorine gas, we utilized deep learning for the segmentation task on OCT images. The results showed that the volume of chlorine induced epithelial sloughing on rabbit tracheal walls initially increased, peaked around 30 min, and then decreased. Furthermore, we utilized a spectral encoded interferometric microscopy system to study ex vivo airway cilia beating dynamics based on Doppler shift, aiding in elucidating how chlorine gas affects cilia beating function. Cilia movability and beating frequency were decreased because of the epithelium damage. This quantitative approach has the potential to enhance the diagnosis and monitoring of injuries from toxic gas inhalation and to evaluate the efficacy of antidote treatments for these injuries.
A machine learning-based investigation of syntactic complexity measures in second language acquisition of Chinese
Authors: Shi Zhongqi , Yuan Qiaosi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
L2 syntactic complexity research has shown that employing multidimensional measures to assess writing proficiency levels may yield more accurate results compared to one-dimensional measures. However, the optimal number and combination of measures have not been thoroughly explored. This study addresses these gaps by employing a novel machine learning-based approach to quantitatively investigate the effectiveness of multidimensional measures and determine the optimal combination of measures. Through the analysis of a dataset comprising 36 L2 Chinese learners, we found that multidimensional syntactic complexity measures outperformed one-dimensional measures in accurately differentiating learners. Specifically, a combination of three measures (Mean Length of Sentence, Mean Length of T-unit, and Mean Length of Clause) achieved the highest accuracy in classifying the learners. The implications of this research include the development of computer-assisted placement tests and proficiency evaluations, as well as providing practical guidance for language teachers in designing complexity-based instruction.
Aux origines du Cercle linguistique de New York
Authors: Testenoire Pierre-Yves 
Published: September 2024

RésuméLe Cercle linguistique de New York est créé en 1943 dans le contexte de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Cet article porte sur les débuts de cette société savante avant la parution du premier numéro de sa revue,Word. On reconstitue à partir de sources inédites les premières années du Cercle sous ses divers aspects : ses liens avec l’École libre des hautes études, ses règles de fonctionnement, ses activités scientifiques, la liste de ses membres… On étudie également les relations entre linguistes américains et Européens exilés au sein du Cercle. Les premières années du Cercle linguistique de New York sont un observatoire non seulement de la diffusion du structuralisme européen aux Etats-Unis, mais aussi de la connexion entre la linguistique européenne et américaine qui joue un rôle crucial pour la linguistique d’après-guerre.
Exploring charge transfer and schottky barrier modulation at monolayer Ge2Sb2Te5-metal interfaces
Authors: Wan Xiaoying , Zhang Chengqi , Li Jiahui , Zhang Zhaofu , Wang Qingbo , Wang Hai , Liu Jun , Zhong Hongxia 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Monolayer Ge2Sb2Te5 exhibits great potential in non-volatile memory technology due to its excellent electronic properties and phase-change characteristics, while the fundamental nature of Ge2Sb2Te5-metal contacts has not been well understood yet. Here, we provide a comprehensive ab initio study of the electronic properties between monolayer Ge2Sb2Te5 and Pt, Pd, Au, Cu, Cr, Ag, and W contacts based on first-principles calculations. We find that the strong interaction interfaces formed between monolayer Ge2Sb2Te5 and Pt, Pd, Cr, and W contacts show chemical bonding and strong charge transfer. In contrast, no apparent chemical bonding and weak charge transfer are observed in the weak interaction interfaces formed with Au, Cu, and Ag. Additionally, our study reveals the presence of a pronounced Fermi level pinning effect between monolayer Ge2Sb2Te5 and metals, with pinning factors of

S
n

=
0.325

and

S
p

=
0.350

. By increasing the interlayer distance, an effective transition from n-type Ohmic contact to n-type Schottky contact is facilitated because the band edge of Ge2Sb2Te5 is shifted upwards. Our study not only provides a theoretical basis for selecting suitable metal electrodes in Ge2Sb2Te5-based devices but also holds significant implications for understanding Schottky barrier height modulation between semiconductors and metals.
Optimizing tool wear prediction in intelligent manufacturing: a multi-sensor approach enhanced by RealNVP
Authors: Lei Huanyi , Li Bo , Liu Hengchang , Xia Keyao , Zhao Wenhe 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
As intelligent manufacturing advances, tool condition monitoring (TCM) becomes crucial for maintaining the accuracy and efficiency of cutting tools. Traditional methods, such as physics-based and data-driven models, often fail to keep pace with the rapidly evolving manufacturing environments, resulting in efficiency losses and potential equipment damage. In response, this study introduces a novel tool wear monitoring model called deep convolutional neural network-multichannel bidirectional long short-term memory enhanced by RealNVP (DCNN-McBiLSTM-ENVP). This integrated model combines the robust feature extraction of CNNs with the sequential analysis capabilities of BiLSTMs and includes RealNVP data augmentation to enhance real-time applicability in smart manufacturing settings. The effectiveness of the DCNN-McBiLSTM-ENVP model is proven by its excellent performance on the PHM2010 challenge dataset across multiple key indicators.
An INS/UWB fusion localization scheme for wireless sensor network
Authors: Wang Yan , Lu You , Gong Yuxin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
As the demand for indoor services relying on location information grows, achieving precise indoor positioning is becoming an urgent issue to address. The ultra-wide band (UWB) accuracy can reach centimeter level, but is susceptible to non-line-of-sight (NLOS) effects. The inertial navigation system (INS) is not affected by the environment, but the error will diverge over time. Therefore, this paper focuses on the UWB/INS combined positioning system, which can combine the advantages of both. We propose a loosely-coupled INS/UWB indoor localization scheme based on factor graph optimization (FGO). Firstly, an agglomerative hierarchical clustering based NLOS mitigation method is applied to preprocess the UWB raw measurement data. The position estimates under UWB are then obtained using an improved extended Kalman filter to mitigate NLOS errors and provide more accurate location data for combined navigation. Then, we build the IMU preintegration factor and the zero-bias factor. Finally, FGO is used to fuse the information to get the final location. Designed experiments demonstrate the superiority of the algorithm. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the comparison algorithms.
ROS-triggered and macrophage-targeted micelles modulate mitochondria function and polarization in obesity
Authors: Cao Xi , Gao Tingting , Lv Fengwen , Wang Yongchun , Li Bo , Wang Xiaohua 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Inflammation involving adipose macrophages is an important inducer of obesity. Regulating macrophages polarization and improving the inflammatory microenvironment of adipose tissue is a new strategy for the treatment of obesity. An amphiphilic chondroitin sulfate phenylborate derivative (CS-PBE) was obtained by modifying the main chain of chondroitin sulfate with the hydrophobic small molecule phenylborate. Using CS-PBE self-assembly, macrophage targeting, reactive oxygen species (ROS) release and celastrol (CLT) encapsulation were achieved. The cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, internalization pathways and transmembrane transport efficiency of CS-PBE micelles were studied in Caco-2 and RAW264.7 cells. Hemolysis and organotoxicity tests were performed to assess the safety of the platform, while its therapeutic efficacy was investigated in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Multifunctional micelles with macrophage targeting and ROS clearance capabilities were developed to improve the efficacy of CLT in treating obesity. In vitro studies indicated that CS-PBE micelles had better ability to target M1 macrophages, better protective effects on mitochondrial function, better ability to reduce the number of LPS-stimulated M1 macrophages, better ability to reduce the number of M2 macrophages, and better ability to scavenge ROS in inflammatory macrophages. In vivo studies have shown that CS-PBE micelles improve inflammation and significantly reduce toxicity of CLT in the treatment of obesity. In summary, CS-PBE micelles could significantly improve the ability to target inflammatory macrophages and scavenge ROS in adipose tissue to alleviate inflammation, suggesting that CS-PBE micelles are a highly promising approach for the treatment of obesity.
Chemical vapor deposition growth of high-quality 2D ultrathin hexagonal CoSb crystals
Authors: Zhang Jiaying , Wang Yang , Li Tian , Peng Xinying , Wang He , Ma Donglin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
CoSb has emerged as an important two-dimensional (2D) atomic crystal for its potential application in energy conversion and superconductivity. Controllable growth in terms of thickness and structural phase is necessary to elucidate its intrinsic properties at the 2D limit. Here we demonstrate the chemical vapour deposition of ultrathin hexagonal CoSb crystals on the mica substrate. The thickness could be controlled by growth time and the structural phase could be tuned by the precursor’s supply ratio. Electrical transport measurements show that the chemical vapor deposition-grown ultrathin hexagonal CoSb is a good metal with non-Fermi liquid behavior. No apparent superconductivity has been observed down to 2.8 K.
Supersymmetry dictated topology in periodic gauge fields and realization in strained and twisted 2D materials
Authors: Zhai Dawei , Lin Zuzhang , Yao Wang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Supersymmetry (SUSY) of a Hamiltonian dictates double degeneracy between a pair of superpartners (SPs) transformed by supercharge, except at zero energy where modes remain unpaired in many cases. Here we explore a SUSY of complete isospectrum between SPs—with paired zero modes—realized by 2D electrons in zero-flux periodic gauge fields, which can describe twisted or periodically strained 2D materials. We find their low-energy sector containing zero (or threshold) modes must be topologically non-trivial, by proving that Chern numbers of the two SPs have a finite difference dictated by the number of zero modes and energy dispersion in their vicinity. In 30° twisted bilayer (double bilayer) transition metal dichalcogenides subject to periodic strain, we find one SP is topologically trivial in its lowest miniband, while the twin SP of identical dispersion has a Chern number of 1 (2), in stark contrast to time-reversal partners that have to be simultaneously trivial or nontrivial. For systems whose physical Hamiltonian corresponds to the square root of a SUSY Hamiltonian, such as twisted or strained bilayer graphene, we reveal that topological properties of the two SUSY SPs are transferred respectively to the conduction and valence bands, including the contrasted topology in the low-energy sector and identical topology in the high-energy sector. This offers a unified perspective for understanding topological properties in many flat-band systems described by such square-root models. Both types of SUSY systems provide unique opportunities for exploring correlated and topological phases of matter.
Computer simulations of the phase-space characteristics of electrons in a pyroelectric accelerator
Authors: Shapovalov P.G. , Oleinik A.N. , Karataev P.V. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we focus on simulating a pyroelectric accelerator using COMSOL Multiphysics. We utilize the static surface charge distribution obtained from an experiment conducted on a LiTaO3 single crystal surface. We analyze the characteristics of the electron flow generated by the accelerator and determine the emittance and Twiss parameters. Our findings reveal that the normalized RMS emittance remains relatively constant in the space behind the target.
Breaking efficiency-bandwidth limits of integrated silicon modulator using rib waveguide slab region doping design
Authors: Chen Yifei , Liu Mingxin , Niu Hongsheng , Guo Chen , Shi Shangqing , Cheng Wei , Wang Jin , Wang Qichao , Zhu Wanghua , Hu Guohua , Yun Binfeng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Doping optimization in the slab waveguide region of a silicon photonic (SiP) modulator has always been considered to balance the optical loss and electrical resistance–capacitance constant. We found that the AC PN junction capacitance could be significantly decreased by specific doping concentrations in the slab areas. Benefiting from this effect, microwave losses are reduced and the electro-optic (EO) bandwidth is increased. As a proof-of-concept, we propose a silicon modulator based on a conventional lateral PN junction with optimized doping in the waveguide slab region. The simulation results show that a 3 dB-EO bandwidth exceeds 100 GHz can be achieved with a modulation length of 2 mm. In addition, the modulation efficiencies are 1.26 V·cm and 1.45 V·cm under −4 V bias and −6 V bias, respectively. This design shows the potential of high-speed signal transmission in SiPs.
Carceral Recycling
Authors: Berg Anne 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Carceral recycling—a system of camp-based waste labor—was instrumental to the Judeocide. Tracing the connections between resource fetishism and ideas about cleanliness, this article shows that waste utilization lay at the heart of a destructive matrix that exploited camp and prison labor in the service of racial purification and imperial expansion. The Nazi regime imagined itself as resource poor and spaceless and accordingly mined junk and people rather than land in a desperate attempt to close the energy cycle and squeeze annihilative capacity out of forced labor and waste products. As an extreme form of securitization infrastructure, the landscape of prisons and camps manifested the Nazi paranoia about the existential threat that Jews and biosocial others supposedly posed in distinct locations of forced labor and murder. An extraction machine, the camp complex served a crucial economic function in an empire that did not distinguish between junk and jewels. Grounding this story in the history of carcerality, imperial extraction, and discard studies, this article draws attention to the dynamic relationship among ideas about cleanliness, security, and order that firmly ground the Nazi system of plunder and murder in the trajectory of Western imperialism and its enlightened rationality.