bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are characteristics of abdominal pain helpful to identify patients with visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome? Results of a prospective study
Authors: Melchior C. , Bril L. , Leroi A‐M. , Gourcerol G. , Ducrotté P. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundSome consider that patients with visceral hypersensitivity may represent a separate entity within the IBS population not only from a pathophysiological but also from a clinical perspective. The aim of this prospective exploratory study was to assess whether characteristics of abdominal pain in IBS patients could be suggestive of hypersensitivity.MethodsThis prospective study included consecutive IBS patients selected by Rome III criteria. Validated scores (IBS‐SSS, Bristol stool scale, HADS) were used to phenotype patients who were also asked to describe the main location of their abdominal pain on a simple image (abdomen divided into 6 zones). Progressive isobaric rectal distensions were performed to demonstrate, with the ascending method of limits, allodynia (pain threshold lower than 24 mmHg).Key ResultsFifty patients (women: 72%), 42.6 ± 15.7 years old, were included. Sub‐types were IBS‐D, IBS‐C and IBS‐M in 58%, 22% and 20% of cases, respectively. Allodynia was present in 18% of cases. Neither IBS‐SSS nor intensity of pain was predictive of hypersensitivity. In hypersensitive patients, pain was more often located in one of the two iliac fossa (P = 0.02) and located outside these areas in only 11% of cases. The sensitivity and the specificity of this pain location to differentiate hyper from normosensitive patients were 0.89 and 0.59, respectively.Conclusions & InferencesThe location of pain is different between hyper and normosensitive IBS patients. Pain located outside one of the two iliac fossa suggests that the patient is normosensitive.
Effects of mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy on shame, self‐compassion and psychological distress in anxious and depressed patients: A pilot study
Authors: Proeve Michael , Anton Rebekah , Kenny Maura 
Published: January 2018

ObjectivesThe tendency to experience shame or guilt is associated differentially with anxiety and depression, with shame being associated with greater psychopathology. Correlational studies have shown self‐compassion to be related to lower shame and rumination, and mindfulness‐based interventions increase self‐compassion. Therefore, mindfulness‐based interventions may decrease shame. This pilot study aimed to assess the association of shame, rumination, self‐compassion, and psychological distress and the effects of a mindfulness‐based intervention on these measures in a clinical sample.DesignSingle‐group design with pre‐test and post‐test measures.MethodThirty‐two service users who experienced clinically diagnosed depressive or anxiety disorders in a mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy programme were assessed before and twenty‐two after therapy with measures of shame‐proneness, external shame, rumination, self‐compassion, and psychological distress.ResultsShame‐proneness and external shame were positively correlated with self‐coldness, and external shame was positively correlated with stress and depressive symptoms. Self‐compassion increased and self‐coldness decreased, while shame‐proneness, rumination, anxiety, and stress symptoms decreased from pre‐ to post‐treatment. There was no significant reduction in depressive symptoms, guilt‐proneness, or external shame.ConclusionOur preliminary findings suggest that mindfulness‐based approaches may be helpful in increasing self‐compassion and reducing shame‐proneness in mixed groups of anxious and depressed patients. Controlled studies of the effects of mindfulness‐based interventions on shame in clinical populations are warranted.Practitioner pointsShame‐proneness and external shame showed different patterns of relationship with depressive and stress symptoms and with self‐compassion.Shame‐proneness decreased to a greater extent than external shame decreased following participation in anMBCTgroup.Mindfulness‐based interventions may benefit shame‐proneness to a greater extent than external shame.
Exploitation: A primer
Authors: Vrousalis Nicholas 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis paper reviews the recent literature on exploitation. It distinguishes between three main species of exploitation theory: (a) teleology‐based (including harm and mutual benefit) accounts, (b) respect‐based (including mere means, force, rights, and fairness) accounts, and (c) freedom‐based (including vulnerability and domination) accounts. It then addresses the implications of each.
Effects of high‐impact exercise on the physical properties of bones of ovariectomized rats fed to a high‐protein diet
Authors: Shimano R. C. , Yanagihara G. R. , Macedo A. P. , Yamanaka J. S. , Shimano A. C. , Tavares J. M. R. S. , Issa J. P. M. 
Published: January 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of high‐impact physical exercise as a prophylactic and therapeutic means in osteopenic bones of rats submitted to ovariectomy and protein diet intake. A total of 64 Wistar rats were divided into eight groups (n = 8 each), being: OVX, ovx, standard diet and sedentary; OVXE, ovx, standard diet and jump; OVXP, ovx, high‐protein diet and sedentary; and OVXEP, ovx, high‐protein diet and jump; SH, sham, standard diet and sedentary; SHE, sham, standard diet and jump; SHP, sham, high‐protein diet and sedentary; and SHEP, sham, high‐protein diet and jump. OVX surgery consists of ovariectomy, and sham was the control surgery. The jumping protocol consisted of 20 jumps/day, 5 days/week. The bone structure was evaluated by densitometry, mechanical tests, histomorphometric, and immunohistochemical analyses. A high‐protein diet resulted in increased bone mineral density (P = .049), but decreased maximal load (P = .026) and bone volume fraction (P = .023). The benefits of physical exercise were demonstrated by higher values of the maximal load in the trained groups compared to the sedentary groups (P < .001). The sham groups had decreased immunostaining of osteocalcin (P = .004) and osteopontin (P = .010) compared to ovx groups. However, the high‐protein diet (P = .005) and jump exercise (P = .017) resulted in lower immunostaining of osteopontin compared to the standard diet and sedentary groups, respectively. In this experimental model, it was concluded that ovariectomy and a high‐fat diet can negatively affect bone tissue and the high‐impact exercise was not enough to suppress the deleterious effects caused by the protein diet and ovariectomy.
Using Yeast Synthetic Lethality To Inform Drug Combination for Malaria
Authors: Subramaniam Suvitha , Schmid Christoph D. , Guan Xue Li , Mäser Pascal 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

Combinatorial chemotherapy is necessary for the treatment of malaria. However, finding a suitable partner drug for a new candidate is challenging. Here we develop an algorithm that identifies all of the gene pairs of
Plasmodium falciparum
that possess orthologues in yeast that have a synthetic lethal interaction but are absent in humans. This suggests new options for drug combinations, particularly for inhibitors of targets such as
P. falciparum
calcineurin, cation ATPase 4, or phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase.
Orientia tsutsugamushi Is Highly Susceptible to the RNA Polymerase Switch Region Inhibitor Corallopyronin A
In Vitro
and
In Vivo
Authors: Kock Fredericke , Hauptmann Matthias , Osterloh Anke , Schäberle Till F. , Poppert Sven , Frickmann Hagen , Menzel Klaus-Dieter , Peschel Gundela , Pfarr Kenneth , Schiefer Andrea , König Gabriele M. , Hoerauf Achim , Fleischer Bernhard , Keller Christian 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

Scrub typhus is a potentially lethal infection caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium
Orientia tsutsugamushi
. Reports on the emergence of doxycycline-resistant strains highlight the urgent need to develop novel antiinfectives against scrub typhus. Corallopyronin A (CorA) is a novel α-pyrone compound synthesized by the myxobacterium
Corallococcus coralloides
that was characterized as a noncompetitive inhibitor of the switch region of the bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP). We investigated the antimicrobial action of CorA against the human-pathogenic Karp strain of
O. tsutsugamushi
in vitro
and
in vivo
. The MIC of CorA against
O. tsutsugamushi
was remarkably low (0.0078 μg/ml), 16-fold lower than that against
Rickettsia typhi
. In the lethal intraperitoneal
O. tsutsugamushi
mouse infection model, a minimum daily dose of 100 μg CorA protected 100% of infected mice. Two days of treatment were sufficient to confer protection. In contrast to BALB/c mice, SCID mice succumbed to the infection despite treatment with CorA or tetracycline, suggesting that antimicrobial treatment required synergistic action of the adaptive immune response. Similar to tetracycline, CorA did not prevent latent infection of
O. tsutsugamushi
in vivo
. However, latency was not caused by acquisition of antimicrobial resistance, since
O. tsutsugamushi
reisolated from latently infected BALB/c mice remained fully susceptible to CorA. No mutations were found in the CorA-binding regions of the β and β′ RNAP subunit genes
rpoB
and
rpoC
. Inhibition of the RNAP switch region of
O. tsutsugamushi
by CorA is therefore a novel and highly potent target for antimicrobial therapy for scrub typhus.
Interaction of Human Enterochromaffin Cells with Human Enteric Adenovirus 41 Leads to Serotonin Release and Subsequent Activation of Enteric Glia Cells
Authors: Westerberg Sonja , Hagbom Marie , Rajan Anandi , Loitto Vesa , Persson B. David , Allard Annika , Nordgren Johan , Sharma Sumit , Magnusson Karl-Eric , Arnberg Niklas , Svensson Lennart 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
Human adenovirus 41 (HAdV-41) causes acute gastroenteritis in young children. The main characteristics of HAdV-41 infection are diarrhea and vomiting. Nevertheless, the precise mechanism of HAdV-41-induced diarrhea is unknown, as a suitable small-animal model has not been described. In this study, we used the human midgut carcinoid cell line GOT1 to investigate the effect of HAdV-41 infection and the individual HAdV-41 capsid proteins on serotonin release by enterochromaffin cells and on enteric glia cell (EGC) activation. We first determined that HAdV-41 could infect the enterochromaffin cells. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that the cells expressed HAdV-41-specific coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR); flow cytometry analysis supported these findings. HAdV-41 infection of the enterochromaffin cells induced serotonin secretion dose dependently. In contrast, control infection with HAdV-5 did not induce serotonin secretion in the cells. Confocal microscopy studies of enterochromaffin cells infected with HAdV-41 revealed decreased serotonin immunofluorescence compared to that in uninfected cells. Incubation of the enterochromaffin cells with purified HAdV-41 short fiber knob and hexon proteins increased the serotonin levels in the harvested cell supernatant significantly. HAdV-41 infection could also activate EGCs, as shown in the significantly altered expression of glia fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in EGCs incubated with HAdV-41. The EGCs were also activated by serotonin alone, as shown in the significantly increased GFAP staining intensity. Likewise, EGCs were activated by the cell supernatant of HAdV-41-infected enterochromaffin cells.

IMPORTANCE
The nonenveloped human adenovirus 41 causes diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, and low-grade fever mainly in children under 2 years of age. Even though acute gastroenteritis is well described, how human adenovirus 41 causes diarrhea is unknown. In our study, we analyzed the effect of human adenovirus 41 infection on human enterochromaffin cells and found it stimulates serotonin secretion in the cells, which is involved in regulation of intestinal secretion and gut motility and can also activate enteric glia cells, which are found in close proximity to enterochromaffin cells
in vivo
. This disruption of gut barrier homeostasis as maintained by these cells following human adenovirus 41 infection might be a mechanism in enteric adenovirus pathogenesis in humans and could indicate a possible serotonin-dependent cross talk between human adenovirus 41, enterochromaffin cells, and enteric glia cells.
Role of Asic3, Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 in Electroacupuncture-Induced Analgesia in a Mouse Model of Fibromyalgia Pain
Authors: Yen Liang-Ta , Hsu Yu-Chan , Lin Jaung-Geng , Hsieh Ching-Liang , Lin Yi-Wen 
Published: January 2018

Background The mechanisms underlying fibromyalgia (FM) pain are not understood. The US Food and Drug Administration has recommended three drugs for treating FM—namely, pregabalin, duloxetine and milnacipran; however, these medications are associated with severe side effects. Objective To create a mouse model of FM pain using dual injections of acidic saline to cause mechanical hyperalgesia and test whether ASIC3, Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 are involved in this process and whether electroacupuncture (EA) can reverse these phenomena. Methods The FM model was established by injecting acidic saline twice into 40 ICR mice. The mice were assigned to subgroups (n=8 each) treated with different EA frequencies (2, 15 and 50 Hz). ASIC3, Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 expression levels were measured by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Results Significant mechanical hyperalgesia was induced on day 8 in FM mice, which was reversed by 2, 15 and 50 Hz EA. ASIC3, Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 protein levels increased significantly in both the dorsal root ganglion and in the spinal cord of FM model mice. These changes were further attenuated by 2, 15 and 50 Hz EA. Conclusion Reduced nociceptive ASIC3, Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 proteins are involved in the preventive effects of EA against FM, and this series of molecules may represent targets for FM treatment.
Effect of interventions incorporating personalised cancer risk information on intentions and behaviour: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Usher-Smith Juliet A , Silarova Barbora , Sharp Stephen J , Mills Katie , Griffin Simon J 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveTo provide a comprehensive review of the impact on intention to change health-related behaviours and health-related behaviours themselves, including screening uptake, of interventions incorporating information about cancer risk targeted at the general adult population.DesignA systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis.Data sourcesAn electronic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO from 1 January 2000 to 1 July 2017.Inclusion criteriaRandomised controlled trials of interventions including provision of a personal estimate of future cancer risk based on two or more non-genetic variables to adults recruited from the general population that include at least one behavioural outcome.ResultsWe included 19 studies reporting 12 outcomes. There was significant heterogeneity in interventions and outcomes between studies. There is evidence that interventions incorporating personalised cancer risk information do not affect intention to attend or attendance at screening (relative risk 1.00 (0.97–1.03)). There is limited evidence that they increase smoking abstinence, sun protection, adult skin self-examination and breast examination, and decrease intention to tan. However, they do not increase smoking cessation, parental child skin examination or intention to protect skin. No studies assessed changes in diet, alcohol consumption or physical activity.ConclusionsInterventions incorporating personalised cancer risk information do not affect uptake of screening, but there is limited evidence of effect on some health-related behaviours. Further research, ideally including objective measures of behaviour, is needed before cancer risk information is incorporated into routine practice for health promotion in the general population.
Parathyroid hormone analogues for fracture healing: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Lou Shenghan , Lv Houchen , Li Zhirui , Tang Peifu , Wang Yansong 
Published: January 2018

IntroductionFracture healing is a complex physiological process. Impaired healing will increase the need for care and cause serious complications. Thus, identifying strategies to accelerate the rate of healing, preventing delayed unions and non-unions, is essential. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a key systemic regulator of calcium and phosphate metabolism. It has been determined that intermittent administration of PTH and its analogue can exert anabolic effect on bone, increase bone mass and reduce bone loss, leading to an increase in bone formation. Owing to their anabolic effect, there is an increasing interest in its potential in promoting the process of fracture healing. However, in clinical studies, the results are in conflict. This objective of this study is to determine the role of PTH analogues for fracture healing in adults.Methods and analysisMEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases will be searched to identify all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs that compare the different effects between PTH analogues and any other treatments in adults with any type of fracture. The primary outcome is the functional recovery. And the secondary outcomes are fracture union and adverse events. The meta-analysis will be performed using a random effects model. Heterogeneity will be assessed by the P values and I² statistic. And subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses will be used to explore the heterogeneity. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane tool and the quality of evidence will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required because this proposed systematic review and meta-analysis is based on published data, without including confidential personal data or data on interventions on patients. The findings of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journaland presented at a relevant conference.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017062093.
CrowdLoc
Authors: Bhandari Ravi , Raman Bhaskaran , Ramakrishnan K. K. , Chander Deepthi , Aggarwal Naveen , Bansal Divya , Choudhary Mahima , Moond Nisha , Bansal Aneesh , Chaudhary Megha 
Published: January 2018

Determining the location of a mobile user is central to several crowd-sensing applications. Using a Global Positioning System is not only power-hungry, but also unavailable in many locations. While there has been work on cellular-based localization, we consider an unexplored opportunity
to improve location accuracy by combining cellular information across multiple mobile devices located near each other.
For instance, this opportunity may arise in the context of public transport units having multiple travelers.

Based on theoretical analysis and an extensive experimental study on several public transportation routes in two cities, we show that combining cellular information across nearby phones considerably improves location accuracy. Combining information across phones is especially useful when a phone has to use another phone’s fingerprint database, in a fingerprinting-based localization scheme. Both the median and 90 percentile errors reduce significantly. The location accuracy also improves irrespective of whether we combine information across phones connected to the same or different cellular operators.
Sharing information across phones can raise privacy concerns. To address this, we have developed an id-free broadcast mechanism, using audio as a medium, to share information among mobile phones. We show that such communication can work effectively on smartphones, even in real-life, noisy-road conditions.
ДОСВІД ОСВОЄННЯ ПРАКТИЧНИХ НАВИЧОК ТА ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ІНДИВІДУАЛЬНОЇ РОБОТИ СТУДЕНТІВ 5 КУРСУ МЕДИЧНОГО ФАКУЛЬТЕТУ НА КАФЕДРІ ВНУТРІШНЬОЇ МЕДИЦИНИ № 3
Authors: Boiko T. V. 
Published: January 2018

Мета роботи – вивчити досвід освоєння практичних навичок та особливості організації індивідуальної роботи студентів (ІРС) на кафедрі внутрішньої медицини № 3.Основна частина. Відпрацювання в умовах відділень терапевтичного профілю є дієвим та перспективним методом передачі навчальної інформації шляхом практичних дій. Максимально наближені до реальних умов практичні заняття та позааудиторна робота студентів підвищують їх мотивацію та зацікавленість до самостійного виконання практичних навичок.ІРС − це самостійне освоєння студентом частини навчальної програми, що здійснюється за партнерської участі викладача в її плануванні і оцінці досягнення конкретного результату. При організації ІРС співробітники кафедри внутрішньої медицини № 3 враховують індивідуальні здібності студента, допомагають розкрити його творчий потенціал, кращі якості як майбутнього лікаря-фахівця. Контроль ІРС проводиться шляхом усного опитування та виконання письмових контрольних завдань під час практичних занять, проміжного та поточного контролю. При контролі засвоєння матеріалу при ІРС викладач оцінює не тільки рівень освоєння студентом навчального матеріалу, а і його вміння використовувати отримані знання при постановці діагнозу. Необхідно враховувати чіткість викладу й обґрунтованість відповіді, рівень володіння матеріалом, наявність творчого підходу при ІРС, ступінь уявлення студента про нові медичні технології, знання показань та протипоказань до призначення лікування. Види ІРС, що використовуються при викладанні предмета внутрішньої медицини на кафедрі внутрішньої медицини № 3 ТДМУ студентам п’ятого курсу, – це ІРС на аудиторних заняттях, позааудиторна ІРС, самостійна робота під контролем викладача (індивідуальні заняття з викладачем). Висновок. Організація ІРС сприяє повноціннішому засвоєнню матеріалу та формуванню знань і умінь, що допомагає у підготовці кваліфікованих лікарів європейського рівня.
ДОСВІД ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ МЕТОДУ НАВЧАННЯ НА КАФЕДРІ ПАТОЛОГІЧНОЇ АНАТОМІЇ, ОСНОВАНОГО НА ПРИНЦИПІ РОЗБОРУ КЛІНІЧНИХ ВИПАДКІВ (CASE-BASED LEARNING). ЧАСТИНА 2: АНАЛІЗ РЕЗУЛЬТАТІВ ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ
Authors: Bondarenko O. O. , Petruk N. S. , Shponka I. S. 
Published: January 2018

Мета роботи. Стаття присвячена аналізу результатів апробації методу викладання, основаного на принципі розбору клінічних випадків, що проводилося на кафедрі патологічної анатомії ДЗ “ДМА МОЗ України” протягом 2016–2017 академічного року. Дану методику оцінювали з погляду ефективності підготовки студентів до державного іспиту “Крок-1” та за допомогою опитування студентів щодо задоволеності новим методом викладання.Основна частина. Досліджуваний метод навчання був впроваджений на практичних заняттях поряд із збереженим графіком лекцій серед груп англомовних студентів медичного факультету третього курсу у 2016–2017 н. р. У цілому, в апробації методу взяли участь 129 студентів. Показано, що переважна більшість студентів (81 %), що взяли участь в опитуванні, позитивно схвалювали запропонований метод навчання, також відзначався приріст відсотка успішного складання тестового проміжного контролю на зимовій сесії з курсу “Загальна патоморфологія” при порівнянні з минулорічним результатом.Висновок. Робота з отриманим в якості завдання персональним клінічним випадком наближає студента до сценаріїв із майбутньої практичної діяльності та, як результат, стимулює і мотивує його отримувати якісні професійні знання.