bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review of Isometric Lingual Strength-Training Programs in Adults With and Without Dysphagia
Authors: McKenna Victoria S. , Zhang Bin , Haines Morgan B. , Kelchner Lisa N. 
Published: March 2017

PurposeThis systematic review summarizes the effects of isometric lingual strength training on lingual strength and swallow function in adult populations. Furthermore, it evaluates the designs of the reviewed studies and identifies areas of future research in isometric lingual strength training for dysphagia remediation.MethodA comprehensive literature search of 3 databases and additional backward citation search identified 10 studies for inclusion in the review. The review reports and discusses the isometric-exercise intervention protocols, pre- and postintervention lingual-pressure data (maximum peak pressures and lingual-palatal pressures during swallowing), and oropharyngeal swallowing measures such as penetration-aspiration scales, oropharyngeal residue and duration, lingual volumes, and quality-of-life assessments.ResultsStudies reported gains in maximum peak lingual pressures following isometric lingual strength training for both healthy adults and select groups of individuals with dysphagia. However, due to the variability in study designs, it remains unclear whether strength gains generalize to swallow function.ConclusionAlthough isometric lingual strength training is a promising intervention for oropharyngeal dysphagia, the current literature is too variable to confidently report specific therapeutic benefits. Future investigations should target homogenous patient populations and use randomized controlled trials to determine the efficacy of this treatment for individuals with dysphagia.
Risk factors for inadequate bowel preparation: a validated predictive score
Authors: Gimeno-García Antonio , Baute Jose , Hernandez Goretti , Morales Dalia , Gonzalez-Pérez Carmen , Nicolás-Pérez David , Alarcon-Fernández Onofre , Jiménez Alejandro , Hernandez-Guerra Manuel , Romero Rafael , Alonso Inmaculada , Gonzalez Yanira , Adrian Zaida , Carrillo Marta , Ramos Laura , Quintero Enrique 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Background and study aim Inadequate bowel cleansing negatively affects the efficiency of colonoscopy in routine clinical practice. The aim of this study was to design and validate a predictive model for inadequate bowel cleanliness.
Patients and methods The model was built from 667 consecutive outpatients (development cohort) who were prospectively scheduled for colonoscopy between June and September 2014. The validation cohort included 409 outpatients who underwent colonoscopy between October and December 2014. Cleansing was evaluated using the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS). Bowel preparation was administered on the same day as the examination.
Results In the development cohort, BBPS was adequate in 541 patients (81.1 %). At multivariate analysis, antidepressants (odds ratio [OR] 4.25, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.91 – 9.47), co-morbidity (OR 3.35, 95 %CI 2.16 – 5.18), constipation (OR 2.09, 95 %CI 1.29 – 3.40), and abdominal/pelvic surgery (OR 1.60, 95 %CI 1.03 – 2.47) were independent predictors for inadequate cleansing. The model built with these variables showed an area under the curve of 0.72 in the development cohort and 0.70 in the validation cohort. A cutoff of 1.225 predicted inadequate bowel preparation with a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 60.3 % (95 %CI 51.6 – 68.4), 75.4 % (95 %CI 71.6 – 78.9), 36.4 % (95 %CI 30.1 – 43.1), and 89.1 % (95 %CI 85.9 – 91.6) in the development cohort, and 50.0 % (95 %CI 38.1 – 61.9), 80.0 % (95 %CI 75.3 – 84.2), 35.7 % (95 %CI 26.4 – 45.6), and 87.9 % (95 %CI 83.7 – 91.3) in the validation cohort.
Conclusion A simple score may assist the clinician in predicting which patients are at high risk of inadequate bowel cleanliness. This may guide changes in bowel preparation strategy accordingly.
rMATS-DVR: rMATS discovery of differential variants in RNA
Authors: Wang Jinkai , Pan Yang , Shen Shihao , Lin Lan , Xing Yi 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Motivation
RNA sequences of a gene can have single nucleotide variants (SNVs) due to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genome, or RNA editing events within the RNA. By comparing RNA-seq data of a given cell type before and after a specific perturbation, we can detect and quantify SNVs in the RNA and discover SNVs with altered frequencies between distinct cellular states. Such differential variants in RNA (DVRs) may reflect allele-specific changes in gene expression or RNA processing, as well as changes in RNA editing in response to cellular perturbations or stimuli.

Results
We have developed rMATS-DVR, a convenient and user-friendly software program to streamline the discovery of DVRs between two RNA-seq sample groups with replicates. rMATS-DVR combines a stringent GATK-based pipeline for calling SNVs including SNPs and RNA editing events in RNA-seq reads, with our rigorous rMATS statistical model for identifying differential isoform ratios using RNA-seq sequence count data with replicates. We applied rMATS-DVR to RNA-seq data of the human chronic myeloid leukemia cell line K562 in response to shRNA knockdown of the RNA editing enzyme ADAR1. rMATS-DVR discovered 1372 significant DVRs between knockdown and control. These DVRs encompassed known SNPs and RNA editing sites as well as novel SNVs, with the majority of DVRs corresponding to known RNA editing sites repressed after ADAR1 knockdown.

Availability and Implementation
rMATS-DVR is at https://github.com/Xinglab/rMATS-DVR.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Noninvasive Transfontanelle Monitoring of the Intracerebral Pressure in Comparison With an Invasive Intradural Intracranial Pressure Device: A Prospective Study
Authors: Behmanesh Bedjan , Bartels Marco , Gessler Florian , Filmann Natalie , Seifert Volker , Setzer Matthias , Freiman Thomas M. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND: We previously introduced a novel noninvasive technique of intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring in children with open fontanelles.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the ICP obtained by our new technique to the ICP derived from an intradurally implanted ICP measurement device (external ventricular drain, subdural ICP device).

METHODS: Children with open fontanelles and need of intracranial monitoring were included in this study. A standard ICP probe was placed upon the frontal fontanelle and data were compared with the values recorded by an already invasively implanted subdural ICP technique. The 2 methods of ICP measurement were evaluated using the correlation coefficient, Bland and Altman method and method comparison by Carstensen.

RESULTS: Five children under the age of 1 year with an open frontal fontanelle were included in this study. Three were male and 2 were female. Mean age was 7 months. A total of 139 pairs of measurements were assessed. Mean transfontanelle ICP was 7.6 mm Hg. Mean ICP measured subdurally was 5.4 mm Hg. The correlation analysis showed a correlation coefficient of 0.7. The Bland-Altman plot revealed a good accuracy of the new method with >95% of the values within the limits of agreement. An additional method comparison analysis confirmed the finding of accurate ICP measurements between both applied methods.

CONCLUSION: The noninvasive transfontanelle ICP monitoring method displayed a high validity and reliability as proven by correlation analysis. This novel technique might therefore be an interesting and promising tool for noninvasive ICP monitoring in children. But further research is necessary to evaluate the accuracy of this technique in children with elevated ICP.
Endovascular Treatment of Large and Giant Carotid Aneurysms with Flow-Diverter Stents Alone or in Combination with Coils: A Multicenter Experience and Long-Term Follow-up
Authors: Peschillo Simone , Caporlingua Alessandro , Resta Maria Chiara , Peluso Jo Peter Paul , Burdi Nicola , Sourour Nader , Diana Francesco , Guidetti Giulio , Clarençon Frédéric , Bloemsma Gijs Coenraad , Di Maria Federico , Donatelli Massimo , Resta Maurizio 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Although flow diverters (FDs) have been widely accepted by neurointerventionists, their safety has yet to be fully defined. Stratification by aneurysm size and location is essential for correct evaluation of treatment outcomes and risks of flow diversion.

OBJECTIVE: To compare neurological and anatomic outcomes and evaluate the risk of complications after endovascular treatment of large or giant internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysms with FD/FDs alone or together with coil embolization.

METHODS: We reviewed all patients with large or giant, ruptured or unruptured ICA aneurysms who underwent endovascular treatment with flow diversion alone (group A) or with concomitant coiling (group B) in 4 international institutions between 2010 and 2015. Anatomic outcome was evaluated using the Byrne scale on digital subtraction angiography and/or angioMRI and/or angioCT scans 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively.

RESULTS: We collected 44 patients with large or giant ICA aneurysms. Four patients (9%) presented with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). FD/FDs were used alone in 26 patients and in combination with coil embolization in the 18 remaining patients. The mortality rate due to procedure-related and/or neurological complications was 2.2%. Twelve months after the procedure, 88.6% (n = 39) of patients had a favorable neurological outcome. One year after the procedure, the aneurysm was completely occluded in 72.7% of patients: 61.5% (16/18) in group A and 88.9% (16/26) in group B.

CONCLUSION: Clinical outcomes and rates of intraoperative and postoperative complications did not differ significantly between the groups. Better anatomic results using FD/FDs combined with coils were documented 6 months after the procedure; this option seems to provide a higher aneurysm occlusion rate and reduce the need for retreatment.
Pregnancy Intention and Maternal Alcohol Consumption
Authors: Pryor Jason , Patrick Stephen W. , Sundermann Alexandra C. , Wu Pingsheng , Hartmann Katherine E. 
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate whether women planning a pregnancy are less likely to use alcohol in early pregnancy than those with unintended pregnancies.

METHODS:
Right From the Start (2000–2012) is a prospective, community-based pregnancy cohort. Maternal demographic, reproductive, and behavioral data were collected in telephone interviews at enrollment (mean±standard deviation 48±13 days of gestation) and later in the first trimester (mean±standard deviation 85±21 days of gestation). Alcohol consumption characteristics were included in the interviews. We used logistic regression to investigate the association of pregnancy intention with alcohol use.

RESULTS:
Among 5,036 women, 55% reported using alcohol in the first trimester with 6% continuing use at the first-trimester interview. Pregnancy was planned by 70% of participants. Alcohol use occurred in 55% and 56% of intended and unintended pregnancies, respectively (P=.32). Adjusting for confounders, women with intended pregnancies were 31% less likely to consume any alcohol in early pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.60–0.81) or binge drink (adjusted OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.54–0.86). Most women, regardless of intention, stopped or decreased alcohol consumption in early pregnancy.

CONCLUSION:
The majority of women, irrespective of intention, stopped or decreased drinking after pregnancy recognition. This suggests promoting early pregnancy awareness could prove more effective than promoting abstinence from alcohol among all who could conceive.
Diagnostic Tests for Evaluation of Stillbirth
Authors: Page Jessica M. , Christiansen-Lindquist Lauren , Thorsten Vanessa , Parker Corette B. , Reddy Uma M. , Dudley Donald J. , Saade George R. , Coustan Donald , Rowland Hogue Carol J. , Conway Deborah , Bukowski Radek , Pinar Halit , Heuser Cara C. , Gibbins Karen J. , Goldenberg Robert L. , Silver Robert M. 
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVE:
To estimate the usefulness of each diagnostic test in the work-up for potential causes of stillbirth.

METHODS:
A secondary analysis of 512 stillbirths enrolled in the Stillbirth Collaborative Research Network from 2006 to 2008 was performed. The Stillbirth Collaborative Research Network was a multisite, geographically, racially, and ethnically diverse, population-based study of stillbirth in the United States. Participants underwent standardized evaluations that included maternal interview, medical record abstraction, biospecimen collection, fetal autopsy, and placental pathology. Also, most participants had a clinical work-up that included karyotype, toxicology screen, syphilis serology, antibody screen, fetal–maternal hemorrhage testing, and testing for antiphospholipid antibodies as well as testing performed on biospecimens for research purposes. Previously, each participant had been assigned probable and possible causes of death using the Initial Causes of Fetal Death classification system. In this analysis, tests were considered useful if a positive result established (or helped to establish) this cause of death or a negative result excluded a cause of death that was suspected based on the clinical history or other results.

RESULTS:
The usefulness of each test was as follows: placental pathology 64.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 57.9–72.0), fetal autopsy 42.4% (95% CI 36.9–48.4), genetic testing 11.9% (95% CI 9.1–15.3), testing for antiphospholipid antibodies 11.1% (95% CI 8.4–14.4), fetal–maternal hemorrhage 6.4% (95% CI 4.4–9.1), glucose screen 1.6% (95% CI 0.7–3.1), parvovirus 0.4% (95% CI 0.0–1.4), and syphilis 0.2% (95% CI 0.0–1.1). The utility of the tests varied by clinical presentation, suggesting a customized approach for each patient.

CONCLUSION:
The most useful tests were placental pathology and fetal autopsy followed by genetic testing and testing for antiphospholipid antibodies.
Fetoscopic Open Neural Tube Defect Repair
Authors: Belfort Michael A. , Whitehead William E. , Shamshirsaz Alireza A. , Bateni Zhoobin H. , Olutoye Oluyinka O. , Olutoye Olutoyin A. , Mann David G. , Espinoza Jimmy , Williams Erin , Lee Timothy C. , Keswani Sundeep G. , Ayres Nancy , Cassady Christopher I. , Mehollin-Ray Amy R. , Sanz Cortes Magdalena , Carreras Elena , Peiro Jose L. , Ruano Rodrigo , Cass Darrell L. 
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVE:
To describe development of a two-port fetoscopic technique for spina bifida repair in the exteriorized, carbon dioxide-filled uterus and report early results of two cohorts of patients: the first 15 treated with an iterative technique and the latter 13 with a standardized technique.

METHODS:
This was a retrospective cohort study (2014–2016). All patients met Management of Myelomeningocele Study selection criteria. The intraoperative approach was iterative in the first 15 patients and was then standardized. Obstetric, maternal, fetal, and early neonatal outcomes were compared. Standard parametric and nonparametric tests were used as appropriate.

RESULTS:
Data for 28 patients (22 endoscopic only, four hybrid, two abandoned) are reported, but only those with a complete fetoscopic repair were analyzed (iterative technique [n=10] compared with standardized technique [n=12]). Maternal demographics and gestational age (median [range]) at fetal surgery (25.4 [22.9–25.9] compared with 24.8 [24–25.6] weeks) were similar, but delivery occurred at 35.9 (26–39) weeks of gestation with the iterative technique compared with 39 (35.9–40) weeks of gestation with the standardized technique (P<.01). Duration of surgery (267 [107–434] compared with 246 [206–333] minutes), complication rates, preterm prelabor rupture of membranes rates (4/12 [33%] compared with 1/10 [10%]), and vaginal delivery rates (5/12 [42%] compared with 6/10 [60%]) were not statistically different in the iterative and standardized techniques, respectively. In 6 of 12 (50%) compared with 1 of 10 (10%), respectively (P=.07), there was leakage of cerebrospinal fluid from the repair site at birth. Management of Myelomeningocele Study criteria for hydrocephalus–death at discharge were met in 9 of 12 (75%) and 3 of 10 (30%), respectively, and 7 of 12 (58%) compared with 2 of 10 (20%) have been treated for hydrocephalus to date. These latter differences were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSION:
Fetoscopic open neural tube defect repair does not appear to increase maternal–fetal complications as compared with repair by hysterotomy, allows for vaginal delivery, and may reduce long-term maternal risks.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:
ClinicalTrials.gov, https://clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02230072.
High-energy Pediatric Scapula Fractures and Their Associated Injuries
Authors: Shannon Steven F. , Hernandez Nicholas M. , Sems Stephen A. , Larson Annalise N. , Milbrandt Todd A. 
Published: March 2017

Objectives:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate pediatric scapula fractures occurring in high-energy motorized vehicle accidents and their associated injury patterns in a pediatric patient population.

Methods:
One thousand nine hundred sixty-eight pediatric patients who presented after either on-road or off-road motorized vehicle accidents between 1996 and 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Thirty-eight patients were found to have scapula fractures and the remaining 1930 were identified as controls.

Results:
A total of 39 scapula fractures occurred in 38 patients. The most common pattern was the AO/OTA 14-A3 (n=32), followed by 14-A2 (n=5), 14-B1 (n=1), and 14-C2 (n=1). Scapula fracture patients experienced higher rate of spine fractures (42% vs. 18%, P=0.001), skull fractures (26% vs. 12%, P=0.02), rib fractures (40% vs. 7.6%, P<0.0001), clavicle fractures (34% vs. 6%, P<0.0001), and upper extremity fractures (58% vs. 21%, P<0.0001) compared with controls. Scapula fracture patients had higher Injury Severity Scores (22.1 vs. 10.8, P<0.0001), thoracic injury (79% vs. 31%, P<0.0001), intracranial hemorrhage (32% vs. 15%, P=0.012), pneumothorax (55% vs. 8%, P<0.0001), and lung contusion (63% vs. 12%, P<0.0001). No difference in mortality was observed for scapula and control patients (5% vs. 2%, P=0.302).

Conclusions:
Pediatric scapula fractures were not associated with higher mortality rates in this series but were associated with significant morbidity as demonstrated by high rates of associated intracranial hemorrhage, skull fractures, thoracic injury, upper extremity fractures, and spine fractures compared with control patients. Surgeons who care for pediatric trauma patients should view scapula fractures as an indicator for more significant injuries.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Versus Mini-open Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion With Oblique Self-anchored Stand-alone Cages for the Treatment of Lumbar Disc Herniation
Authors: Kuang Lei , Wang Bing , Lü Guohua 
Published: March 2017

Study Design.A retrospective study.Objective.The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of mini-open ALIF (MO-ALIF) with self-anchored stand-alone cages for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation in comparison with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF).Summary of Background Data.Currently, whether ALIF is superior to TLIF for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation remains controversial.Methods.This study retrospectively reviewed 82 patients who underwent MO-ALIF with self-anchored standalone cages (n = 42) or TLIF (n = 40) for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation between April 2013 and October 2014. Patient demographics, intraoperative parameters, and perioperative complications were collated. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS) scoring, the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) for pain in the leg and back, and radiological outcomes, including fusion, lumbar lordosis (LL), disc height (DH), and cage subsidence were evaluated at each follow-up for up to 2 years.Results.Patients who underwent TLIF had a significantly higher volume of blood loss (295.2 ± 81.4vs. 57.0 ± 15.2 mL) and longer surgery time (130.7 ± 45.1vs. 60.4 ± 20.8 min) than those who had MO-ALIF. Compared with baseline, both groups had significant improvements in the VAS and ODI scores and DH and LL postoperatively, though no significant difference was found between the two groups regarding these indexes. All patients reached solid fusion at the final follow-up in both groups. Three patients (3/42) with three levels (3/50) suffered from cage subsidence in the MO-ALIF group; meanwhile, no cage subsidence occurred in the TLIF group.Conclusion.MO-ALIF with self-anchored stand-alone cages is a safe and effective treatment of lumbar disc herniation with less surgical trauma and similar clinical and radiological outcomes compared with TLIF.Level of Evidence:3
Targeting of protein translation as a new treatment paradigm for prostate cancer
Authors: Ramamurthy Vidya P. , Ramalingam Senthilmurugan , Kwegyir-Afful Andrew K. , Hussain Arif , Njar Vincent C.O. 
Published: March 2017

Purpose of review
The current overview will summarize some of the developments in the area of protein translation, including their relation to the therapeutic targeting of prostate cancer.

Recent findings
Translational control, mediated by the rate-limiting eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), drives selective translation of several oncogenic proteins, thereby contributing to tumor growth, metastasis, and treatment resistance in various cancers, including prostate cancer. As an essential regulatory hub, several oncogenic hyperactive signaling pathways appear to converge on eIF4E to promote tumorigenesis. Several approaches that target the eIF4E-dependent protein translation network are being actively studied, and it is likely that some may ultimately emerge as promising anticancer therapeutics.

Summary
An array of inhibitors has shown promise in targeting specific components of the translational machinery in several preclinical models of prostate cancer. It is hoped that some of these approaches may ultimately have relevance in improving the clinical outcomes of patients with advanced prostate cancer.
CHANGES IN THE POSTERIOR VITREOUS AFTER CATARACT SURGERY ASSESSED BY SWEPT-SOURCE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Otsuka Yuki , Ooto Sotaro , Yoshimura Nagahisa 
Published: March 2017

Purpose:
To assess changes in the posterior vitreous caused directly by phacoemulsification with implantation of an intraocular lens, using the enhanced vitreous swept-source optical coherence tomography system (Topcon, Tokyo, Japan).

Methods:
Consecutive patients with cataract without posterior vitreous detachment were enrolled. Swept-source optical coherence tomography examinations were performed 1 day before and several days after surgery, using enhanced vitreous visualization. We compared preoperative and postoperative posterior vitreous status and measured the distance between the internal limiting membrane and the posterior vitreous membrane at 26 locations at the posterior pole.

Results:
Images of 33 eyes (21 patients) could be analyzed. The perifoveal posterior vitreous detachment was not extended in any eyes, and the internal limiting membrane to posterior vitreous membrane distance before and after surgery did not differ at any location measured (P = 0.071–1.000). The posterior precortical vitreous pocket was dilated in three eyes. Age, gender, axial length, preoperative visual activity, nuclear sclerosis, duration of surgery, and duration between surgery and swept-source optical coherence tomography did not differ between the dilated vitreous pocket group (n = 3) and the unchanged group (n = 30).

Conclusion:
The height of the posterior vitreous membrane remained unchanged after surgery, although the posterior precortical vitreous pocket was dilated in three patients. Cataract surgery procedures seem to have little influence on the posterior vitreous membrane.