bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Future of Crime Data
Authors: Strom Kevin J. , Smith Erica L. 
Published: November 2017

Research SummaryIn this article, we describe the nation's move to a crime‐reporting system that is exclusively incident based. Such a change presents challenges for the “crime‐reporting pipeline” and for researchers in managing and analyzing these more intricate data. We highlight the shortcomings of the dominant system, the Uniform Crime Reporting Program's Summary Reporting System (SRS), and argue that the advantages of the National Incident‐Based Reporting System (NIBRS) qualify it to replace the SRS as one of the nation's primary sources for tracking and measuring crime. NIBRS is also discussed in light of the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), a source that complements a system that relies on law‐enforcement–generated crime data.Policy ImplicationsThe timing is right for a nationwide move toward NIBRS. The shift from aggregate crime counts to details on each crime incident has broad implications for justice policy. Use of a national incident‐based collection of crimes known to the police provides (a) a set of descriptive indicators of crime in the United States that are currently lacking, (b) benchmarking for progress and change, and (c) more purposeful comparisons across place and time. The shift also serves to professionalize the policing industry further and provides transparency on crime and how police respond to it. The greater understanding of the crime problem will allow our programs, policies, and resource allocations to be more deliberate and responsive.
Genetic variation of the hawthorn spider mite Amphitetranychus viennensis (Acari: Tetranychidae) in Korea
Authors: Choi Chee‐Wan , Shim Jae‐Kyoung , Jung Duck‐Oung , Lee Kyeong‐Yeoll 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAmphitetranychus viennensis (Zacher) is a serious economic pest of various fruit trees. Due to its restricted geographic distribution in Asia and Europe, it is an important quarantine species in the North American countries. Despite its significance in agricultural damage and quarantine, the genetic diversity of this species has not been studied in detail. In this study, we determined the nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA in A. viennensis collected from various regions of Korea. Variations in the COI and ITS2 sequences of the Korean samples ranged up to 6.92 and 4.02 %, respectively. A sequence comparison showed that the Korean samples were divided into two groups, one comprising the Geoje and Jinju samples, and the other comprising all samples except for the Geoje/Jinju samples. In most samples, except for the Geoje/Jinju samples, variations in both COI and ITS2 sequences were less than 1.04 and 0.99 %, respectively. However, the variations between two groups were 6.23–6.92 % and 3.02–4.02 %, respectively. In addition, the phylogenic analysis performed with sequences in the GenBank database showed that the samples from Geoje/Jinju, which are located in the southern region of Korea, were most similar to the Japanese samples, but the others were most similar to those of China and Taiwan. Thus, our study suggests that two genetically different groups of A. viennensis exist in Korea.
Comparative studies of critical physiological limits and vulnerability to environmental extremes in small ectotherms: How much environmental control is needed?
Authors: HOFFMANN Ary A. , SGRÒ Carla M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractResearchers and practitioners are increasingly using comparative assessments of critical thermal and physiological limits to assess the relative vulnerability of ectothermic species to extreme thermal and aridity conditions occurring under climate change. In most assessments of vulnerability, critical limits are compared across taxa exposed to different environmental and developmental conditions. However, many aspects of vulnerability should ideally be compared when species are exposed to the same environmental conditions, allowing a partitioning of sources of variation such as used in quantitative genetics. This is particularly important when assessing the importance of different types of plasticity to critical limits, using phylogenetic analyses to test for evolutionary constraints, isolating genetic variants that contribute to limits, characterizing evolutionary interactions among traits limiting adaptive responses, and when assessing the role of cross generation effects. However, vulnerability assessments based on critical thermal/physiological limits also need to take place within a context that is relevant to field conditions, which is not easily provided under controlled environmental conditions where behavior, microhabitat, stress exposure rates and other factors will differ from field conditions. There are ways of reconciling these requirements, such as by taking organisms from controlled environments and then testing their performance under field conditions (or vice versa). While comparisons under controlled environments are challenging for many taxa, assessments of critical thermal limits and vulnerability will always be incomplete unless environmental effects within and across generations are considered, and where the ecological relevance of assays measuring critical limits can be established.
The Real Effects of Real Earnings Management: Evidence from Innovation
Authors: Bereskin Frederick L. , Hsu Po‐Hsuan , Rotenberg Wendy 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe examine the consequences of real earnings management from an innovation perspective and investigate the patent output of firms likely to be managing earnings through altering their R&D expenditures. We find that R&D cuts related to earnings management lead to fewer patents, less influential patent output, and lower innovative efficiency compared to other R&D cuts. Our results thus suggest that real earnings management may obstruct firms’ technological progress and highlight the potential costs of managerial manipulation of R&D expenditures to alter reported earnings.
Better together: Integrating and fusing multispectral and radar satellite imagery to inform biodiversity monitoring, ecological research and conservation science
Authors: Schulte to Bühne Henrike , Pettorelli Nathalie 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

The availability and accessibility of multispectral and radar satellite remote sensing (SRS) imagery are at an unprecedented high. These data have both become standard source of information for investigating species ecology and ecosystems structure, composition and function at large scales. Since they capture complementary aspects of the Earth's surface, synergies between these two types of imagery have the potential to greatly expand research and monitoring opportunities. However, despite the benefits of combining multispectral and radar SRS data, data fusion techniques, including image fusion, are not commonly used in biodiversity monitoring, ecology and conservation.

To help close this application gap, we provide for the first time an overview of the most common SRS data fusion techniques, discussing their benefits and drawbacks, and pull together case studies illustrating the added value for biodiversity research and monitoring.

Integrating and fusing multispectral and radar images can significantly improve our ability to assess the distribution as well as the horizontal and vertical structure of ecosystems. Additionally, SRS data fusion has the potential to increase opportunities for mapping species distribution and community composition, as well as for monitoring threats to biodiversity. Uptake of these techniques will benefit from more effective collaboration between remote sensing and biodiversity experts, making the reporting of methodologies more transparent, expanding SRS image processing capacity and promoting widespread open access to satellite imagery.

In the context of a global biodiversity crisis, being able to track subtle changes in the biosphere across adequate spatial and temporal extents and resolutions is crucial. By making key parameter estimates derived from SRS data more accurate, SRS data fusion promises to become a powerful tool to help address current monitoring needs, and could support the development of essential biodiversity variables.
DLP1‐dependent mitochondrial fragmentation and redistribution mediate prion‐associated mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal death
Authors: Li Chaosi , Wang Di , Wu Wei , Yang Wei , Ali Shah Syed Zahid , Zhao Ying , Duan Yuhan , Wang Lu , Zhou Xiangmei , Zhao Deming , Yang Lifeng 
Published: November 2017

SummaryMitochondrial malfunction is a universal and critical step in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases including prion diseases. Dynamin‐like protein 1 (DLP1) is one of the key regulators of mitochondrial fission. In this study, we investigated the role of DLP1 in mitochondrial fragmentation and dysfunction in neurons using in vitro and in vivo prion disease models. Mitochondria became fragmented and redistributed from axons to soma, correlated with increased mitochondrial DLP1 expression in murine primary neurons (N2a cells) treated with the prion peptide PrP106–126 in vitro as well as in prion strain‐infected hamster brain in vivo. Suppression of DLP1 expression by DPL1 RNAi inhibited prion‐induced mitochondrial fragmentation and dysfunction (measured by ADP/ATP ratio, mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitochondrial integrity). We also demonstrated that DLP1 RNAi is neuroprotective against prion peptide in N2a cells as shown by improved cell viability and decreased apoptosis markers, caspase 3 induced by PrP106–126. On the contrary, overexpression of DLP1 exacerbated mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. Moreover, inhibition of DLP1 expression ameliorated PrP106–126‐induced neurite loss and synaptic abnormalities (i.e., loss of dendritic spine and PSD‐95, a postsynaptic scaffolding protein as a marker of synaptic plasticity) in primary neurons, suggesting that altered DLP1 expression and mitochondrial fragmentation are upstream events that mediate PrP106–126‐induced neuron loss and degeneration. Our findings suggest that DLP1‐dependent mitochondrial fragmentation and redistribution plays a pivotal role in PrPSc‐associated mitochondria dysfunction and neuron apoptosis. Inhibition of DLP1 may be a novel and effective strategy in the prevention and treatment of prion diseases.
Antimicrobial properties of calcium hydroxide dressing when used for long‐term application: A systematic review
Authors: Sharma Garima , Ahmed Hany Mohamed Aly , Zilm Peter S. , Rossi‐Fedele Giampiero 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis review aims to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of calcium hydroxide against endodontic pathogens when used for 7 days or longer. A systematic electronic literature search was performed in the PubMed, Embase and EBSCO Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source databases using appropriate key words to identify investigations written in the English language that examined the association between the contact time of intracanal calcium hydroxide dressing and its antimicrobial properties. There were no exclusions based on study design. The search yielded 6993 publications. After duplicate removal, 5913 publications were identified and 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. Results showed that the antimicrobial effect of calcium hydroxide for contact times ranging between seven and 45 days is comparable. Two studies demonstrated contradictory findings when exposure was extended to more than 45 days. Future studies are warranted to investigate and optimise calcium hydroxide application for longer periods and identify the potential benefits of its use in clinical settings.
Transcriptome and defence response in Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves to feeding by Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae): a stealthy psyllid does not go unnoticed
Authors: Patton MacKenzie F , Arena Gabriella D , Salminen Juha‐Pekka , Steinbauer Martin J , Casteel Clare L 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPlants utilise diverse defences to deter herbivore feeding. In response, insect herbivores have evolved an equally impressive array of strategies to counter plant defences and promote successful nutrient acquisition. Cardiaspina psyllids induce premature senescence in eucalypt leaves, increasing the nutritional value of the plant for the insect. Interestingly, eucalypt leaves colonised by another group of psyllids, Glycaspis, do not exhibit any observable symptoms of premature senescence, suggesting that different mechanisms are at work. The aim of this study was to investigate the transcriptional and polyphenolic profiles of Eucalyptus camaldulensis (river red gum) leaves in response to feeding by Glycaspis brimblecombei. We used RNA sequencing to evaluate the global gene expression of E. camaldulensis leaves after Glycaspis immature feeding compared with uninfested leaves. Polyphenolic profiles were investigated by using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry from the same leaf material. We observed that 413 transcripts were differentially expressed between uninfested and infested leaves. There were few changes in polyphenol profiles among treatments, although psyllid feeding increased quercetin glucoside and pentagalloylglucose content. Overall, the analysis reveals that E. camaldulensis responses to Glycaspis immatures involve several potential mechanisms, including changes in defence responses, signal transduction and plant redox status. Candidate genes identified in this study can be examined in future experiments to understand their role in eucalypt–psyllid interactions.
Fall risk assessment tools for use among older adults in long‐term care settings: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Nunan Susan , Brown Wilson Christine , Henwood Timothy , Parker Deborah 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review of published fall risk assessment tools (FRATs) tested for predictive validity among older adults in long‐term care (LTC).MethodsA systematic search was conducted using five databases. Only studies reporting on sensitivity and specificity values, conducted in LTC on populations primarily aged over 60 years, were considered.ResultsFifteen papers were included and three different categories of FRATs emerged: multifactorial assessment tools, functional mobility assessments and algorithms. Several FRATs showed moderate‐to‐good predictive validity and reliability, with the Modified Fall Assessment Tool and the Peninsula Health Falls Risk Assessment Tool (PHFRAT) also demonstrating good feasibility.ConclusionEvidence for the best choice of FRAT for use in LTC remains limited. Further research is warranted for the PHFRAT, recommended for use in LTC by best practice guidelines, before its establishment as the tool of choice for these clinical settings.
Elevated plasma and vitreous levels of leucine‐rich‐α2‐glycoprotein are associated with diabetic retinopathy progression
Authors: Chen Chong , Chen Xia , Huang Hengye , Han Changjing , Qu Yuan , Jin Huiyi , Niu Tian , Zhang Yuan , Liu Kun , Xu Xun 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the association of plasma and vitreous leucine‐rich‐α2‐glycoprotein (LRG1) with diabetic retinopathy (DR) progression.MethodsA total of 86 outpatients and 33 inpatients were recruited. Outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were classified as T2DM without DR (n = 22), nonproliferative DR (NPDR) (n = 20) and proliferative DR (PDR) (n = 22) based on international clinical DR severity scales. A total of 86 plasma and 33 vitreous samples were collected and subjected to enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The diagnostic value of plasma LRG1 was tested using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.ResultsPlasma LRG1 in PDR patients (9025 ± 1870 pg/ml) was significantly increased as compared with controls (5975 ± 2022 pg/ml), T2DM without DR (6550 ± 2359 pg/ml) and NPDR patients (6550 ± 2359 pg/ml) (p < 0.0001). Vitreous LRG1 in PDR patients was elevated by approximately 4.3‐fold than that in controls (562.1 ± 273.5 ng/ml versus 130.0 ± 102.8 ng/ml, p = 0.000). The area under the ROC curve value for plasma LRG1 was 0.786 (p < 0.0001). The maximal Youden index was 0.4372 and the optimal cut‐off value of LRG1 was 7357.043 pg/ml with 81.82% sensitivity and 61.90% specificity.ConclusionPlasma and vitreous LRG1 levels were elevated in patients with PDR. Leucine‐rich‐α2‐glycoprotein (LRG1) might be a potential risk‐warning marker for PDR.
Parsimony analysis of unaligned sequence data: some clarifications
Authors: Ospina‐Sarria Jhon Jairo , Cabra‐García Jimmy 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDe Laet (2015) claimed that minimization of ad hoc hypotheses of homoplasy does not lead to a preference for trivial optimizations when analysing unaligned sequence data, as claimed by Wheeler (2012; see also Kluge and Grant, 2006). In addition, De Laet asserted that Kluge and Grant's (2006) parsimony rationale is internally inconsistent in terms of Baker's (2003) theoretical framework. We argue that De Laet used extraneous presuppositions to critique Wheeler's position and, as such, his criticism should be considered cautiously in terms of its scope. Finally, we demonstrate that considering Kluge and Grant's parsimony rationale as inconsistent rests on De Laet's misunderstanding of the ideographic character concept and the consequences of relating it to Baker's rationale.
Arambarria the pathogen involved in canker rot of Eucalyptus, native trees wood rots and grapevine diseases in the Southern Hemisphere
Authors: Pildain M. B. , Pérez G. A. , Robledo G. , Pappano D. B. , Rajchenberg M. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryArambarria (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) is a monotypic genus recently described to accommodate specimens from the Patagonian forests of Argentina wrongly assigned in the past to Inocutis jamaicensis. On the basis of a wide sampling of strains and phylogenetic analysis inferred from combined sequences including the nuc rDNA ITS1‐5.8‐ITS2 region, 28S rDNA D1‐D2 domains and partial sequences of translation elongation factor 1‐a (tef1‐α), we demonstrate that this genus is associated with an important canker rot of eucalypt plantations in Uruguay, to wood rots of many native and exotic hosts, and to “hoja de malvón” and chlorotic leafroll of grapevines diseases in Central Chile, Central Argentina and Uruguay, formerly assigned to I. jamaicensis and/or Fomitiporella sp. The combined phylogenetic analysis showed the existence of three closely related clades that corresponded to (1) the Pampas of Uruguay and Argentina (“uruguay” clade), (2) the Monte, Chaco Serrano and Yungas forests of Argentina (“cognata” clade) and (3) the Patagonian Andes forests and Chilean Province (“destruens” clade). Lack of morphological differences between taxa from the three clades, their occurrence in both native and exotic hosts, previous results showing interfertility between isolates from Uruguay and Argentina, and the lack of full support in the concatenated ITS + 28S + tef1‐α analysis, prevents us to distinguish and describe three different taxa; the proper name of the taxon being Arambarria cognata comb. nov. A fourth, distinctly separated clade corresponded to South African strains isolated from vineyards representing an undescribed taxon associated with Esca grapevine disease in that country. Arambarria is shown to be unrelated to Inocutis, with which it was confused in the past and, so far, remains restricted to the Northern Hemisphere in America (Mexico, Jamaica and the USA).
Reliability and clinical features associated with the IPSG MRI tibiotalar and subtalar joint scores in children, adolescents and young adults with haemophilia
Authors: Brunel T. , Lobet S. , Deschamps K. , Hermans C. , Peerlinck K. , Vandesande J. , Pialat J.‐B. 
Published: November 2017

ObjectivesTo assess the reliability of the IPSG MRI scale for tibiotalar (TTJ) and subtalar joint (STJ) changes in young haemophilic patients, correlating MRI findings with functional scores and 3D‐rearfoot kinematics.MethodsA total of 37 haemophilic patients underwent bilateral MRI of the footankle, clinical evaluation and quantitative assessment of their 3D‐rearfoot kinematics during walking. TTJ and STJ soft tissues were assessed twice along with osteochondral changes by two radiologists using the IPSG MRI scale. Inter‐ and intra‐observer reproducibility of MRI scoring were tested by means of kappa statistics. Correlational analyses were performed between MRI findings and the Haemophilia Joint Health Score 2.1 (HJHS) and 3D‐rearfoot kinematic data.ResultsThe intra‐reader reliability of MRI scoring was good to excellent (Kappa: 0.62‐1), whereas the inter‐reader reliability was moderate to good (Kappa: 0.54‐0.79). Weak yet significant correlations were found between the frontal plane rearfoot range of motion (ROM) during loading response of gait and STJ score, as well as between frontal plane rearfoot ROM during the terminal stance phase and the rearfoot osteochondral lesions.ConclusionThe IPSG score appears applicable to not only the TTJ but also the STJ. Contrary to TTJ lesions, those of the STJ do not correlate with the HJHS but do with 3D‐rearfoot kinematic data.
Outer dense fibers stabilize the axoneme to maintain sperm motility
Authors: Zhao Wenlong , Li Zhengzheng , Ping Ping , Wang Guishuan , Yuan Xiaobing , Sun Fei 
Published: November 2017

AbstractOuter dense fibers (ODFs), as unique accessory structures in mammalian sperm, are considered to play a role in the protection of the sperm tail against shear forces. However, the role and relevant mechanisms of ODFs in modulating sperm motility and its pathological involvement in asthenozoospermia were unknown. Here, we found that the percentage of ODF defects was higher in asthenozoospermic samples than that in control samples and was significantly correlated with the percentage of axoneme defects and non‐motile sperm. Furthermore, the expression levels of ODF major components (Odf1, 2, 3, 4) were frequently down‐regulated in asthenozoospermic samples. Intriguingly, the positive relationship between ODF size and sperm motility existed across species. The conditional disruption of Odf2 expression in mice led to reduced sperm motility and the characteristics of asthenozoospermia. Meanwhile, the expression of acetylated α‐tubulin was decreased in sperm from both Odf2 conditional knockout (cKO) mice and asthenozoospermic men. Immunofluorescence and biochemistry analyses showed that Odf2 could bind to acetylated α‐tubulin and protect the acetylation level of α‐tubulin in HEK293T cells in a cold environment. Finally, we found that lithium elevated the expression levels of Odf family proteins and acetylated α‐tubulin, elongated the midpiece length and increased the percentage of rapidly moving sperm in mice. Our results demonstrate that ODFs are beneficial for sperm motility via stabilization of the axoneme and that hypo‐expression of Odf family proteins is involved in the pathogenesis of asthenozoospermia. The lithium administration assay will provide valuable insights into the development of new treatments for asthenozoospermia.