bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early warning systems and rapid response to the deteriorating patient in hospital: A realist evaluation
Authors: McGaughey Jennifer , O'Halloran Peter , Porter Sam , Trinder John , Blackwood Bronagh 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimTo test the Rapid Response Systems programme theory against actual practice components of the Rapid Response Systems implemented to identify those contexts and mechanisms which have an impact on the successful achievement of desired outcomes in practice.BackgroundRapid Response Systems allow deteriorating patients to be recognized using Early Warning Systems, referred early via escalation protocols and managed at the bedside by competent staff.DesignRealist evaluation.MethodsThe research design was an embedded multiple case study approach of four wards in two hospitals in Northern Ireland which followed the principles of Realist Evaluation. We used various mixed methods including individual and focus group interviews, observation of nursing practice between June–November 2010 and document analysis of Early Warning Systems audit data between May–October 2010 and hospital acute care training records over 4.5 years from 2003–2008. Data were analysed using NiVivo8 andSPPS.ResultsA cross‐case analysis highlighted similar patterns of factors which enabled or constrained successful recognition, referral and response to deteriorating patients in practice. Key enabling factors were the use of clinical judgement by experienced nurses and the empowerment of nurses as a result of organizational change associated with implementation of Early Warning System protocols. Key constraining factors were low staffing and inappropriate skill mix levels, rigid implementation of protocols and culturally embedded suboptimal communication processes.ConclusionSuccessful implementation of Rapid Response Systems was dependent on adopting organizational and cultural changes that facilitated staff empowerment, flexible implementation of protocols and ongoing experiential learning.
Dietary glycaemic index and glycaemic load and upper gastrointestinal disorders: results from the SEPAHAN study
Authors: Keshteli A.H. , Haghighatdoost F. , Azadbakht L. , Daghaghzadeh H. , Feinle‐Bisset C. , Afshar H. , Feizi A. , Esmaillzadeh A. , Adibi P. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the effects of carbohydrate, particularly any association between dietary glycaemic index or glycaemic load and uninvestigated heartburn or uninvestigated chronic dyspepsia in the community. The present study aimed to determine associations between dietary glycaemic index or glycaemic load and uninvestigated heartburn or uninvestigated chronic dyspepsia.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted in 2987 adults. Dietary glycaemic index and glycaemic load were estimated using a validated food‐frequency questionnaire. Uninvestigated heartburn and uninvestigated chronic dyspepsia were determined using a modified and validated version of the Rome III questionnaire.ResultsAfter controlling for various confounders, high glycaemic load was associated with an increased risk of uninvestigated heartburn [odds ration (OR) = 1.75; 95% confidence interval CI = 1.03, 2.97; P = 0.04] and uninvestigated chronic dyspepsia (OR = 2.14; 95% CI: 1.04, 4.37; P = 0.04) in men but not in women. In normal‐weight individuals, high glycaemic index was related to an increased risk of uninvestigated heartburn (OR = 1.52; 95% CI: 1.07, 2.15; P = 0.02) and high glycaemic load to an increased risk of uninvestigated chronic dyspepsia (OR=1.78; 95% CI: 1.05, 3.01; P = 0.03). No significant associations were observed in subjects with excess body weight.ConclusionsOur data suggest that there are body mass index‐ and sex‐specific associations between dietary carbohydrate quality with uninvestigated heartburn and uninvestigated chronic dyspepsia.
Cardiovascular risk score is linked to subcutaneous adipocyte size and lipid metabolism
Authors: Rydén M. , Arner P. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveAlthough white adipose tissue mass and distribution correlates with cardiovascular disease, the fat cell‐specific perturbations underlying this association are not known. We determined the relationship between adipocyte size and lipid metabolism with cardiovascular risk.Design/SubjectsAdipocyte size as well as spontaneous (basal) and hormone‐stimulated effects on adipocyte lipid metabolism (lipolysis and lipogenesis) were investigated in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue of 304 men and 775 women. Subjects were classified into five categories according to Adult Treatment Panel III (ATPIII) metabolic syndrome criteria.ResultsAdipocyte size increased with increasing ATPIII score (P < 0.0001). For lipolysis, there was a gradual increase in basal and catecholamine‐stimulated lipolysis and a decrease in insulin‐mediated inhibition of stimulated lipolysis with ATPIII (P < 0.0001). In contrast, the lipolytic action of atrial natriuretic peptide was similar between ATPIII classes. Basal and insulin‐stimulated lipogenesis decreased with increasing score (P < 0.0001). Circulating free fatty acid levels were 50% higher in the top risk category (4–5) compared with the lowest score (P < 0.0001). Fat cell size correlated positively with increasing ATPIII score and lipolysis but negatively with lipogenesis. All these differences were independent of age, sex and body weight status (P < 0.0001 to 0.02 after correction). When all functional measures were put together, maximum insulin‐stimulated lipogenesis, insulin‐antilipolytic sensitivity and basal lipolysis together explained about 20% in the variation of ATPIII in score.ConclusionsIndependently of sex, age and body weight status, a high cardiovascular risk score associates with increased circulating free fatty acid levels and hormone‐specific alterations of lipolysis/lipogenesis in enlarged subcutaneous fat cells.
The fourth Arab Impact Cratering and Astrogeology Conference (AICAC IV), April 9–12, 2017, Algiers (Algeria)
Authors: Belhaï D. , Chennaoui‐Aoudjehane H. , Baratoux D. , Ferrière L. , Lamali A. , Sahoui R. , Lambert P. , Ayadi A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe present a report about the fourth Arab Impact Cratering and Astrogeology Conference (AICAC IV) that took place in Algiers at the USTHB (Université des Sciences et Technologie Houari Boumedienne, Algiers, Algeria) in the presence of the presidents of the USTHB and Boumerdès Universities, the Director of CRAAG (Centre de Recherche en Astronomie, Astrophysique et Géophysique), and the General Director of the National Administration for Scientific Research (NASR/DGRSDT). This series of conferences aims to promote research interest for impact cratering in the Arab world and beyond, including for instance in African countries. In spite of persistently restraining travel measures to Algeria, the fourth edition held in Algiers was marked by continuous international participation, with participants from seven different countries. This conference focused on presentations of scientific results in the research fields related to planetology, meteorites, and impact craters. In particular, the Algerian impact structures were under the spotlights during both oral and poster sessions. During this conference, the presence of freshly graduated Ph.D. students and new Ph.D. projects related to impact cratering or meteoritic science was a positive sign for the consolidation of research groups in this domain in the Arab world and Africa. Therefore, international cooperation or external support and funding are still needed to ensure the development of this scientific discipline in this part of the world.
Observation period for changes in proteinuria and risk prediction of end‐stage renal disease in general population
Authors: Usui Tomoko , Kanda Eiichiro , Iseki Chiho , Iseki Kunitoshi , Kashihara Naoki , Nangaku Masaomi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimProteinuria is known to be an independent risk factor of end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). But the associations between changes in dipstick proteinuria and the risk of ESRD in the general population and its appropriate observation period to predict incident ESRD are unknown.MethodsWe assessed the changes in dipstick proteinuria in 69 021 participants aged ≥20 years who participated in health check‐ups from 1993 and more than once until 1996 in Okinawa, Japan. Development of ESRD until 2011 was identified using dialysis registry. Cox proportional hazards model and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used.ResultsAt baseline, proteinuria (±) and ≥(1+) were observed in 2.4% and 1.2% of total subjects. 1.5% of subjects had decreased and 9.4% of subjects had increased their proteinuria level after 2 years. After adjustment for confounding factors, hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of ESRD for subjects with proteinuria change ≤ − 1, +1, +2, +3, and +4 level during 2 years compared to subjects with no change were 0.89 (0.43–1.87), 3.18 (2.21–4.60), 8.01 (5.55–11.55), 11.17 (6.59–19.95), and 16.59 (5.95–46.25), respectively. Heterogeneity existed between changes in proteinuria level during 1 or 3 years and the risk of ESRD among baseline proteinuria. Area under the ROC curve (95%CI) to predict ESRD by increase in proteinuria level during 1, 2, and 3 years were 0.650 (0.623–0.679), 0.779 (0.751–0.808), and 0.778 (0.748–0.808), respectively.ConclusionsThe changes in dipstick proteinuria were an independent predictor of ESRD in the general population. Changes in proteinuria over 2 years may be appropriate for the risk prediction of ESRD.
Cell size and wall dimensions drive distinct variability of earlywood and latewood density in Northern Hemisphere conifers
Authors: Björklund Jesper , Seftigen Kristina , Schweingruber Fritz , Fonti Patrick , von Arx Georg , Bryukhanova Marina V. , Cuny Henri E. , Carrer Marco , Castagneri Daniele , Frank David C. 
Published: June 2017

Summary

Interannual variability of wood density – an important plant functional trait and environmental proxy – in conifers is poorly understood. We therefore explored the anatomical basis of density. We hypothesized that earlywood density is determined by tracheid size and latewood density by wall dimensions, reflecting their different functional tasks.

To determine general patterns of variability, density parameters from 27 species and 349 sites across the Northern Hemisphere were correlated to tree‐ring width parameters and local climate. We performed the same analyses with density and width derived from anatomical data comprising two species and eight sites. The contributions of tracheid size and wall dimensions to density were disentangled with sensitivity analyses.

Notably, correlations between density and width shifted from negative to positive moving from earlywood to latewood. Temperature responses of density varied intraseasonally in strength and sign. The sensitivity analyses revealed tracheid size as the main determinant of earlywood density, while wall dimensions become more influential for latewood density.

Our novel approach of integrating detailed anatomical data with large‐scale tree‐ring data allowed us to contribute to an improved understanding of interannual variations of conifer growth and to illustrate how conifers balance investments in the competing xylem functions of hydraulics and mechanical support.
Actin filament reorganisation controlled by the SCAR/WAVE complex mediates stomatal response to darkness
Authors: Isner Jean‐Charles , Xu Zaoxu , Costa Joaquim Miguel , Monnet Fabien , Batstone Thomas , Ou Xiaobin , Deeks Michael J. , Genty Bernard , Jiang Kun , Hetherington Alistair M. 
Published: June 2017

Summary

Stomata respond to darkness by closing to prevent excessive water loss during the night. Although the reorganisation of actin filaments during stomatal closure is documented, the underlying mechanisms responsible for dark‐induced cytoskeletal arrangement remain largely unknown.

We used genetic, physiological and cell biological approaches to show that reorganisation of the actin cytoskeleton is required for dark‐induced stomatal closure.

The opal5 mutant does not close in response to darkness but exhibits wild‐type (WT) behaviour when exposed to abscisic acid (ABA) or CaCl2. The mutation was mapped to At5g18410, encoding the PIR/SRA1/KLK subunit of the ArabidopsisSCAR/WAVE complex. Stomata of an independent allele of the PIR gene (Atpir‐1) showed reduced sensitivity to darkness and F1 progenies of the cross between opal5 and Atpir‐1 displayed distorted leaf trichomes, suggesting that the two mutants are allelic. Darkness induced changes in the extent of actin filament bundling in WT. These were abolished in opal5. Disruption of filamentous actin using latrunculin B or cytochalasin D restored wild‐type stomatal sensitivity to darkness in opal5.

Our findings suggest that the stomatal response to darkness is mediated by reorganisation of guard cell actin filaments, a process that is finely tuned by the conserved SCAR/WAVE–Arp2/3 actin regulatory module.
Biases and Strategic Behaviour in Performance Evaluation: The Case of the FIFA's best soccer player award
Authors: Coupe Tom , Gergaud Olivier , Noury Abdul 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we study biases in performance evaluation by analysing votes for the FIFA Ballon d'Or award for best soccer player, the most prestigious award in the sport. Our findings suggest that ‘similarity’ biases are substantial, with jury members disproportionately voting for candidates from their own country, own national team, own continent and own league team. Further, we show that the impact of such biases on the total number of votes a candidate receives is fairly limited and hence is likely to affect the outcome of this competition only on rare occasions where the difference in quality between the leading candidates is small. Finally, analysing the incidence of ‘strategic voting’, we find jury members who vote for one leading candidate are more, rather than less, likely to also give points to his main competitor, as compared with neutral jury members. We discuss the implications of our findings for the design of awards, elections and performance evaluation systems in general and for the FIFA Ballon d'Or award in particular.
The effect of flaxseed supplementation on body weight and body composition: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of 45 randomized placebo‐controlled trials
Authors: Mohammadi‐Sartang M. , Mazloom Z. , Raeisi‐Dehkordi H. , Barati‐Boldaji R. , Bellissimo N. , Totosy de Zepetnek J. O. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryFlaxseed consumption may be inversely associated with obesity; however, findings of available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are conflicting. The present study aimed to systematically review and analyse RCTs assessing the effects of flaxseed consumption on body weight and body composition. PubMed, Medline via Ovid, SCOPUS, EMBASE and ISI Web of Sciences databases were searched up to November 2016. Mean changes in body composition indices including body weight, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were extracted. Effect sizes were expressed as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Heterogeneity between studies was assessed with the I2 test. Publication bias and subgroup analyses were also performed. The quality of articles was assessed via the Jadad scale. A total of 45 RCTs were included. Meta‐analyses suggested a significant reduction in body weight (WMD: −0.99 kg, 95% CI: −1.67, −0.31, p = 0.004), BMI (WMD: −0.30 kg m−2, 95% CI: −0.53, −0.08, p = 0.008) and waist circumference (WMD: −0.80 cm, 95% CI: −1.40, −0.20, p = 0.008) following flaxseed supplementation. Subgroup analyses showed that using whole flaxseed in doses ≥30 g d−1, longer‐term interventions (≥12 weeks) and studies including participants with higher BMI (≥ 27 kg m−2) had positive effects on body composition. Whole flaxseed is a good choice for weight management particularly for weight reduction in overweight and obese participants.
MaRAP2‐4, a waterlogging‐responsive ERF from Mentha, regulates bidirectional sugar transporter AtSWEET10 to modulate stress response in Arabidopsis
Authors: Phukan Ujjal J. , Jeena Gajendra Singh , Tripathi Vineeta , Shukla Rakesh Kumar 
Published: June 2017

SummaryAs waterlogging and successive events severely influence growth and development of economically important plants, we attempted to characterize the role of a waterlogging‐responsive group I (A‐6) ethylene response factor (MaRAP2‐4) from Mentha arvensis. Waterlogging, ethylene and methyl jasmonate rapidly induced the expression of MaRAP2‐4. MaRAP2‐4 interacted with multiple cis‐elements like dehydration response elements (DRE1/2), anoxia/jasmonic acid response element (JARE) and GCC box showing its involvement in multiple responses. MaRAP2‐4 localizes in the nucleus and acts as a transcriptional activator. Truncation and internal deletion identified a 20 amino acids potential transactivation domain (PLPSSVDAKLEAICQSLAIN) in MaRAP2‐4. MaRAP2‐4 transgenic Arabidopsis showed enhanced waterlogging and subsequent oxidative stress tolerance. Microarray analysis revealed that within up‐regulated genes 483, 212 and 132 promoters carry either single or multiple copies of DRE, JARE and GCC cis‐element/s, respectively. Within these promoters, a large section belongs to carbohydrate metabolism/transport, including many SWEET transporters. Further analysis showed MaRAP2‐4 specifically targets two positions in AtSWEEET10 promoter carrying DRE and/or GCC box that might regulate carbohydrate availability and waterlogging tolerance. These results demonstrate that MaRAP2‐4 is a positive regulator of waterlogging tolerance, and as energy‐consuming processes such as carbohydrate biosynthesis are reduced under waterlogging‐induced hypoxia, sugar transport through SWEETs may be the primary option to make sugar available to the required tissue.
Plasticity in gas‐exchange physiology of mature Scots pine and European larch drive short‐ and long‐term adjustments to changes in water availability
Authors: Feichtinger Linda M. , Siegwolf Rolf T.W. , Gessler Arthur , Buchmann Nina , Lévesque Mathieu , Rigling Andreas 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAdjustment mechanisms of trees to changes in soil‐water availability over long periods are poorly understood, but crucial to improve estimates of forest development in a changing climate.We compared mature trees of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and European larch (Larix decidua) growing along water‐permeable channels (irrigated) and under natural conditions (control) at three sites in inner‐Alpine dry valleys. At two sites, the irrigation had been stopped in the 1980s. We combined measurements of basal area increment (BAI), tree height and gas‐exchange physiology (Δ13C) for the period 1970–2009.At one site, the Δ13C of irrigated pine trees was higher than that of the control in all years, while at the other sites, it differed in pine and larch only in years with dry climatic conditions. During the first decade after the sudden change in water availability, the BAI and Δ13C of originally irrigated pine and larch trees decreased instantly, but subsequently reached higher levels than those of the control by 2009 (15 years afterwards).We found a high plasticity in the gas‐exchange physiology of pine and larch and site‐specific responses to changes in water availability. Our study highlights the ability of trees to adjust to new conditions, thus showing high resilience.
Hidradenitis Suppurativa in Down Syndrome: A Case Series
Authors: Hamadah Issam , Haider Mansoor , Chisti Muzamil , Binamer Yousef 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesMany dermatologic and systemic diseases have been reported in association with hidradenitis suppurativa, but its association with Down syndrome is rarely mentioned in the literature. The objective of the current study was to assess the frequency of hidradenitis suppurativa in patients with Down syndrome who visited our clinic over 4 years.MethodsWe recorded the presenting complaints and dermatologic problems of patients with Down syndrome who visited our clinic from January 2011 to December 2014. Medical photographs were taken. Patients with hidradenitis suppurativa were assessed according to severity and treated with topical and systemic medications.ResultsTwenty‐nine new patients with Down syndrome visited our clinic during this period. Eleven had hidradenitis suppurativa. Disease severity included Hurley stages I and II.ConclusionThe presence of hidradenitis suppurativa in 38% of patients with Down syndrome is far higher than would be expected by chance alone.
Acclimation responses to high light by Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. (Malvaceae) leaves at different stages of development
Authors: Calzavara A. K. , Rocha J. S. , Lourenço G. , Sanada K. , Medri C. , Bianchini E. , Pimenta J. A. , Stolf‐Moreira R. , Oliveira H. C. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

The re‐composition of deforested environments requires the prior acclimation of seedlings to full sun in nurseries. Seedlings can overcome excess light either through the acclimation of pre‐existing fully expanded leaves or through the development of new leaves that are acclimated to the new light environment. Here, we compared the acclimation capacity of mature (MatL, fully expanded at the time of transfer) and newly expanded (NewL, expanded after the light shift) leaves of Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. (Malvaceae) seedlings to high light.

The seedlings were initially grown under shade and then transferred to full sunlight. MatL and NewL were used for chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange analyses, pigment extraction and morpho‐anatomical measurements.

After the transfer of seedlings to full sun, the MatL persisted and acclimated to some extent to the new light condition, since they underwent alterations in some morpho‐physiological traits and maintained a functional electron transport chain and positive net photosynthesis rate. However, long‐term exposure to high light led to chronic photoinhibition in MatL, which could be related to the limited plasticity of leaf morpho‐anatomical attributes. However, the NewL showed a high capacity to use the absorbed energy in photochemistry and dissipate excess energy harmlessly, attributes that were favoured by the high structural plasticity exhibited by these leaves.

Both the maintenance of mature, photosynthetically active leaves and the production of new leaves with a high capacity to cope with excess energy were important for acclimation of G. ulmifolia seedlings.