bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remarks on the Normativity of International Legal Rules and Global Constitutionalism
Authors: Widłak Tomasz H. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe article reflects on the possibility of conceptualising the complex problem of the normativity of international legal rules, including in particular the phenomenon of “relative normativity.” The author utilises the critical potential of Ronald Dworkin's proposal for a new philosophy of international law to reflect on the classical accounts explaining normativity of international law. By building on Dworkin's argument, the author argues for a constitutional account of international law. The far‐reaching constitutional proposals may provide a more complex and coherent set of possible rationalisations of international legal rules. International law is in great need of a comprehensive theory that could better explain its normative character as well as its sources, and it is argued that international constitutionalism has the potential to serve this purpose.
HRCT features of surgically resected invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma associated with interstitial pneumonia
Authors: Miyamoto Atsushi , Kurosaki Atsuko , Fujii Takeshi , Kishi Kazuma , Homma Sakae 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackground and objectiveLung cancer is prevalent among patients with interstitial pneumonia (IP). HRCT findings mucinous adenocarcinoma in patients with IP have not been described.MethodsIn 112 consecutive patients with 120 surgically resected IP‐associated lung cancers, 42 patients had pathologically proven invasive adenocarcinoma (IA). A total of 14 out of 42 patients (10 men, 4 women, mean age, 68.4 years) had invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma. We reviewed the patients’ medical records and HRCT scans.ResultsInvasive mucinous adenocarcinoma were most commonly associated with idiopathic IP (n = 13) affecting the lower lobe adjacent to a fibrocystic changes. In 11 patients with invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma or other types of IA, the tumour was adjacent to a fibrocystic lesion. In invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma, malignant signs included lobulation (n = 11), spiculation (n = 9), vascular convergence (n = 10) and pleural indentation (n = 2). Characteristic findings of mucinous adenocarcinoma (i.e. vague margins (n = 10), lobular‐bounded margins (n = 11), air bronchogram (n = 11) and bubble‐like low attenuation (n = 8)) were more common in invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma than in other IA types. All invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma tumours (n = 11) were closely associated with fibrosis.ConclusionMixed ground‐glass opacity and consolidation adjacent to a fibrocystic lesion with malignant signs and characteristic features of mucinous adenocarcinoma indicate malignancy.
Areas for quality improvements in heart failure care: quality of care from the patient's perspective
Authors: Ängerud Karin H. , Boman Kurt , Ekman Inger , Brännström Margareta 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundHeart failure is a serious condition with high mortality and a high symptom burden. Most patients with heart failure will be taken care of in primary care but the knowledge of how the quality of care is perceived by patients with heart failure is limited.ObjectiveThe aim was to explore how patients with heart failure report quality of care, in an outpatient setting.MethodsSeventy‐one patients with a confirmed diagnosis of heart failure and who were cared for in an outpatient setting were included in this cross‐sectional study. Quality of care was assessed with a short form of the Quality from the Patient's Perspective questionnaire. The items measured four dimensions, and each item consists of both perceived reality of the received care and its subjective importance.ResultsInadequate quality was identified in three out of four dimensions and in items without dimension affiliation. In total, inadequate quality was identified in 19 out of 25 items. Patients reported the highest level of perceived reality in ‘my family member was treated well’ and the lowest perceived reality in ‘effective treatment for loss of appetite’. Effective treatment for shortness of breath was of the highest subjective importance for the patients.ConclusionImportant areas for improvement in the quality of care for patients with heart failure in an outpatient setting were identified, such as symptom alleviation, information, participation and access to care.
Phylogenetic relationships of North American Gomphidae and their close relatives
Authors: WARE JESSICA L. , PILGRIM ERIK , MAY MICHAEL L. , DONNELLY THOMAS W. , TENNESSEN KENNETH 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIntrafamilial relationships among clubtail dragonflies (Gomphidae) have been the subject of many morphological studies, but have not yet been systematically evaluated using molecular data. Here we present the first molecular phylogeny of Gomphidae. We include six of the eight subfamilies previously suggested to be valid, and evaluate generic relationships within them. We have included examples of all genera reported from the Nearctic except Phyllocycla. This sample includes all North American species of Ophiogomphus, which has allowed us to explore intrageneric relationships in that genus. Our particular focus is on the closest relatives of the genus Gomphus, especially those North American species groups that have been commonly treated as subgenera of Gomphus. The Gomphus complex is split into additional genera, supported by molecular and morphological evidence: Phanogomphus, Stenogomphurus, Gomphurus and Hylogomphus are here considered to be valid genera. The genus Gomphus, in our restricted sense, does not occur in the western hemisphere; in addition, G. flavipes is transferred to Stylurus.
How I train specialists in transfusion medicine
Authors: Goodnough Lawrence Tim , Murphy Michael F. 
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUNDThe changing focus of transfusion medicine (TM) toward the hospital rather than the blood center and the involvement of TM specialists in a wide range of patient blood management and other specialist activities in the hospital, rather than just blood bank activities, means that the training of the transfusion specialists of the future should be under constant review.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe provide overviews of the current training programs of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education in the United States and the Joint Royal Colleges of Physicians Training Board in the United Kingdom, along with specific descriptions of our own training programs at Stanford and Oxford.RESULTSThe numbers of TM fellows in training annually in the United States and of those who attempt to attain board certification have increased substantially over the last 20 years, despite the profound reduction in blood utilization since 2009. These trends reflect increasing job and career opportunities in new activities, such as patient blood management at hospital‐based transfusion services. This trend has been seen to a lesser extent in the United Kingdom, although the focus of TM is similarly switching to hospital‐based transfusion services.CONCLUSIONBased on current trends, transfusion medicine is a growing and robust specialty in the United States but perhaps less so in the United Kingdom, increasingly with hospital‐centered job opportunities for improving blood utilization and clinical outcomes. Establishing pediatric TM training programs and improving research training are further opportunities for training TM specialists.
No association between frequent apheresis donation and risk of fractures: a retrospective cohort analysis from Sweden
Authors: Grau Katrine , Vasan Senthil K. , Rostgaard Klaus , Bialkowski Walter , Norda Rut , Hjalgrim Henrik , Edgren Gustaf ,   for the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study‐III (REDS‐III)
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUNDCitrate anticoagulation during apheresis induces transient alterations in calcium homeostasis. It is unknown whether the repeated, transient alterations in calcium homeostasis experienced by repeated apheresis donors affects bone turnover to increase fracture risk. Our aim was to investigate the risk of osteoporotic and nonosteoporotic fracture among voluntary, frequent apheresis donors.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSAll apheresis donors were identified from the Scandinavian Donations and Transfusions database (SCANDAT2), which includes information on over 1.6 million blood donors from Sweden and Denmark from the years 1968 and 1981, respectively. Only data from Sweden were used for these analyses. Information on fractures was obtained by linking SCANDAT2 to hospital registers. Poisson regression was used to compute incidence rate ratios of fractures in relation to the cumulative number of apheresis donations, both overall and in fixed time windows.RESULTSIn total, 140,289 apheresis donors (67,970 women and 72,319 men) were identified from the SCANDAT2 database and were followed for up to 23 years. We observed no association between the frequency of apheresis donation and the risk of fracture either in the overall study period or during fixed‐length time windows. The incidence rate ratio of fractures in donors who had made 100 or more cumulative apheresis donations was 0.99 (95% confidence interval, 0.92‐1.06) compared with donors who had made from 9 to 24 donations. The results were similar in analyses stratified by sex and restricted to postmenopausal women.CONCLUSIONSThe absence of an association between repeated apheresis donation and fracture risk indicates that apheresis collection is safe with regard to bone health.
Microfracture versus microfracture and platelet-rich plasma: arthroscopic treatment of knee chondral lesions. A two-year follow-up study
Authors: Mancò Annalisa , Goderecci Remo , Rughetti Anna , De Giorgi Silvana , Necozione Stefano , Bernardi Alfredo , Calvisi Vittorio 
Published: November 2016

Purpose: the aim of this study was to describe and compare the clinical results obtained in patients affected by chondral lesions of the knee submitted to an arthroscopic treatment with the microfracture technique or microfracture + intraoperative autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection.
Methods: a prospective observational study was performed in patients affected by chondral lesions of the knee (classed as grade III-IV according to Outer-bridge’s classification) and early osteoarthritis (classed as grade 1-2 according to the Kellgren-Lawrence classification). Their mean age was 52.4 years. Thirteen patients were treated with the microfracture technique according to Steadman (Group A), while 14 were treated with microfracture + PRP injection (Group B). Both groups were assessed using series of measures (a visual analog scale for pain, the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey and the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form) to compare pre-operative and postoperative values at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. Statistical analysis was conducted using a two-factor ANOVA for repeated measures.
Results: the VAS score decreased from a pre-operative value of 6.62±1.26 to 3.54 ±2.26 at 24 months in Group A (p<0.001), and from 6.43±1.91 to 3.36±2.84 in Group B (p<0.001). the IKDC subjective score increased from a pre-operative value of 37.02±12.00 to 62.13±19.00 at two years in Group A (p<0.001) and from 34.63±15.00 to 67.11±26.74 in Group B (p<0.001); the SF-36 scores showed a similar trend. Although an improvement was recorded over time in both groups, in the short term the IKDC subjective score improvement seemed to be better in Group B; a similar trend was shown by the SF-36 and VAS scores. At two years, the IKDC Subjective Scale, VAS and SF-36 scores seemed to be similar in the two groups. Over time, no significant differences were found between the two groups in any of the three outcomes.
Conclusions: the use of autologous PRP in association with the microfracture technique seems to give better clinical and functional results in short-term follow-up, above all as regards pain. At two-year followup, however, the clinical results of the two groups were similar.
Level of evidence: Level II, prospective cohort study.
The magnetic field and turbulence of the cosmic web measured using a brilliant fast radio burst
Authors: Ravi V. , Shannon R. M. , Bailes M. , Bannister K. , Bhandari S. , Bhat N. D. R. , Burke-Spolaor S. , Caleb M. , Flynn C. , Jameson A. , Johnston S. , Keane E. F. , Kerr M. , Tiburzi C. , Tuntsov A. V. , Vedantham H. K. 
Published: November 2016

Probing the intergalactic magnetic fieldFast radio bursts (FRBs) are powerful flashes of astronomical radio waves that last just milliseconds and whose origins are a matter of debate. Raviet al.discovered a FRB that is exceptionally bright (see the Perspective by Kaspi). This allowed them to measure how the polarization of the signal varies with wavelength (Faraday rotation). Combining this with the time delay of the flash at different wavelengths revealed the mean magnetic field along the line of sight. Assuming that the FRB originates from a colocated galaxy, the results constrain the intergalactic magnetic field and will inform models of galaxy formation and cosmology.Science, this issue p.1249; see also p.1230
Gleaning Insights from Fecal Microbiota Transplantation and Probiotic Studies for the Rational Design of Combination Microbial Therapies
Authors: Hudson Lauren E. , Anderson Sarah E. , Corbett Anita H. , Lamb Tracey J. 
Published: November 2016

SUMMARY

Beneficial microorganisms hold promise for the treatment of numerous gastrointestinal diseases. The transfer of whole microbiota via fecal transplantation has already been shown to ameliorate the severity of diseases such as
Clostridium difficile
infection, inflammatory bowel disease, and others. However, the exact mechanisms of fecal microbiota transplant efficacy and the particular strains conferring this benefit are still unclear. Rationally designed combinations of microbial preparations may enable more efficient and effective treatment approaches tailored to particular diseases. Here we use an infectious disease,
C. difficile
infection, and an inflammatory disorder, the inflammatory bowel disease ulcerative colitis, as examples to facilitate the discussion of how microbial therapy might be rationally designed for specific gastrointestinal diseases. Fecal microbiota transplantation has already shown some efficacy in the treatment of both these disorders; detailed comparisons of studies evaluating commensal and probiotic organisms in the context of these disparate gastrointestinal diseases may shed light on potential protective mechanisms and elucidate how future microbial therapies can be tailored to particular diseases.
Complete Genome Sequences of Three
Siphoviridae
Bacteriophages Infecting Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis
Authors: Paradiso Rubina , Lombardi Serena , Iodice Maria Grazia , Riccardi Marita Georgia , Orsini Massimiliano , Bolletti Censi Sergio , Galiero Giorgio , Borriello Giorgia 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Three bacteriophages, 118970_sal1, 118970_sal2, and 64795_sal3, were isolated from water buffalo feces in southern Italy, exhibiting lytic activity against
Salmonella enterica
serovar Enteritidis. These bacteriophages belong to the
Siphoviridae
family and have a 60,113-bp, 123,930-bp, and 48,094-bp double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome containing 72, 173, and 80 coding sequences (CDSs), respectively.
Complete Genome Sequence of an African Swine Fever Virus Isolate from Sardinia, Italy
Authors: Granberg Fredrik , Torresi Claudia , Oggiano Annalisa , Malmberg Maja , Iscaro Carmen , De Mia Gian Mario , Belák Sándor 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Previous genetic characterization of African swine fever virus isolates from the Italian island of Sardinia, where the virus has been present since 1978, has largely been limited to a few selected genomic regions. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of the isolate 47/Ss/08 collected during an outbreak in 2008.
Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus fermentum Strain NCC2970 (CNCM I-5068)
Authors: Barretto Caroline , Ngom-Bru Catherine , Genevaz Alienor , Fournier Coralie , Moine Deborah , Kassam Mohamed , Iltis Agnes , Sagory-Zalkind Pierre , Ciron Pierre-Emmanuel , Faucherand Gilles , Descombes Patrick , Duboux Stephane 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Lactobacillus fermentum
NCC2970 (CNCM I-5068) is a lactic acid bacterium originating from the Nestle Culture Collection. Here, we disclose its full 1.9-Gb genome sequence comprising one chromosome with no plasmid.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Curtobacterium
sp. Strain ER1/6, an Endophytic Strain Isolated from
Citrus sinensis
with Potential To Be Used as a Biocontrol Agent
Authors: Garrido Leandro Maza , Alves João Marcelo Pereira , Oliveira Liliane Santana , Gruber Arthur , Padilla Gabriel , Araújo Welington Luiz 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Herein, we report a draft genome sequence of the endophytic
Curtobacterium
sp. strain ER1/6, isolated from a surface-sterilized
Citrus sinensis
branch, and it presented the capability to control phytopathogens. Functional annotation of the ~3.4-Mb genome revealed 3,100 protein-coding genes, with many products related to known ecological and biotechnological aspects of this bacterium.
Draft Genome Sequence of Microcystis aeruginosa CACIAM 03, a Cyanobacterium Isolated from an Amazonian Freshwater Environment
Authors: Castro Wendel Oliveira , Lima Alex Ranieri Jerônimo , Moraes Pablo Henrique Gonçalves , Siqueira Andrei Santos , Aguiar Délia Cristina Figueira , Baraúna Anna Rafaella Ferreira , Martins Luisa Carício , Fuzii Hellen Thais , de Lima Clayton Pereira Silva , Vianez-Júnior João Lídio Silva Gonçalves , Nunes Márcio Roberto Teixeira , Dall'Agnol Leonardo Teixeira , Gonçalves Evonnildo Costa 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Given its toxigenic potential,
Microcystis aeruginosa
is an important bloom-forming cyanobacterium. Here, we present a draft genome and annotation of the strain CACIAM 03, which was isolated from an Amazonian freshwater environment.
SELECTIVE AORTIC ARCH PERFUSION FOR THE REVERSAL OF HAEMORRHAGE-INDUCED TRAUMATIC CARDIAC ARREST IN A SWINE MODEL OF NON-COMPRESSIBLE TORSO HAEMORRHAGE
Authors: Barnard EB , Smith JE , Manning JE , Rall JM , Cox JM , Bebarta VS , Ross JD 
Published: November 2016

Objectives & BackgroundHaemorrhage is the leading cause of potentially survivable trauma death. Selective Aortic Arch Perfusion (SAAP) is an experimental resuscitative intervention that has the potential to improve trauma survival: a trans-femoral intra-aortic balloon controls torso haemorrhage, while the catheter's large central lumen allows oxygenated blood to be delivered to the proximal aorta–theoretically providing coronary perfusion pressures adequate for return of spontaneous circulation in cardiac arrest (figure 1).Hypothesis–In haemorrhage-induced traumatic cardiac arrest, SAAP with oxygenated blood will infer a short-term survival advantage over both closed chest compressions (CPR) with intravenous blood, and Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) with intravenous blood.Methods70–90 kg swine underwent a non-compressible torso haemorrhage (NCTH) and controlled arterial haemorrhage. Arrest was defined as a systolic blood pressure (SBP) <10 mm Hg, together with an inappropriate bradycardia. Animals were allocated to one of three groups: CPR with four units of intravenous blood, REBOA with four units of intravenous blood, and fresh whole blood SAAP (FWB-SAAP) with 1600 ml of oxygenated intra-aortic blood. Primary outcome was 60-minute ‘pre-hospital’ survival. Data are described as mean (+/− standard devation). Multi-group analyses were by ANOVA, and survival was analysed by Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test.ResultsThere were ten animals per group, a total of 30 swine. Mean weight of 79.9 kg (+/−5.5) p=0.3. Mean time from the start of the injury to onset of arrest was 11.2 minutes (+/−1.9) p=0.2. Prior to intervention the mean SBP was 2.9 mm Hg (+/−3.2) p=0.7, and the mean heart rate was 41 bpm (+/−32) p=0.5.Primary outcome – FWB-SAAP demonstrated an 80% 60-minute ‘pre-hospital’ survival, compared to 10% with CPR, and 0% with REBOA, p<0.001 (figure 2).ConclusionIn this swine model of haemorrhage-induced traumatic cardiac arrest with NCTH, SAAP infers a short-term survival advantage over both conventional therapy (CPR), and over evolving therapy (REBOA). Of note, SAAP induced return of spontaneous circulation from cardiac electrical asystole.Figure 1Figure 2
VALIDATION OF THE SHORT FORM OF THE INTERNATIONAL CROWDING MEASURE IN EMERGENCY DEPARTMENTS (ICMED): INTERNATIONAL STUDY
Authors: Boyle A , Richter S , Atkinson P , Clouston R , Stoica G , Basaure Verdejo C , Wakai A , Chan E , Grewal K , Gilligan P , Higginson I , Liston P , Newcombe V , Norton V 
Published: November 2016

Objectives & BackgroundThere is little consensus on the best way to measure emergency department crowding. We have previously developed a consensus based measure, the International Crowding Measure in Emergency Departments (ICMED). This measure has both flow and non-flow items, and also contains items which measure Input, Throughput and Output. We aimed to externally validate a short form of the ICMED against emergency physician's perceptions of crowding and danger across a wide variety of Emergency Departments. Face validity is important to support implementation of any measureMethodsWe performed an observational validation study in seven emergency departments in five different countries. We recorded sICMED observations and the most senior available emergency physician's perceptions of crowding and danger at the same time. We performed a times series regression model to account for clustering and correlation.Results397 data points were analysed. The sICMED showed moderate positive correlations with emergency physician's perceptions of crowding r=0.4110, p<0.05) and danger (r=0.4566, p<0.05.) There was considerable variation in the performance of the sICMED between different emergency departments. The sICMED was only slightly better than measuring occupancy or emergency department boarding time.ConclusionThe short form of the ICMED has moderate face validity in measuring crowding. This is an important first step in validating this measure. The measure performs less well in Emergency Departments that are constantly crowded.Figure 1