bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective randomised non‐inferiority trial of pelvic drain placement vs no pelvic drain placement after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy
Authors: Chenam Avinash , Yuh Bertram , Zhumkhawala Ali , Ruel Nora , Chu William , Lau Clayton , Chan Kevin , Wilson Timothy , Yamzon Jonathan 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveTo determine if eliminating the prophylactic placement of a pelvic drain (PD) after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) affects the incidence of early (90‐day) postoperative adverse events.Patients and MethodsIn this parallel‐group, blinded, non‐inferiority trial, we randomised patients planning to undergo RARP to one of two arms: no drain placement (ND) or PD placement. Patients with demonstrable intraoperative leakage upon bladder irrigation were excluded. Randomisation sequence was determined a priori using a computer algorithm, and included a stratified design with respect to low vs intermediate/high D'Amico risk classifications. Surgeons remained blinded to the randomisation arm until final eligibility was verified at the end of the RARP. The primary endpoint was overall incidence of 90‐day complications which, based on our standard treatment using PD retrospectively, was estimated at 13%. The non‐inferiority margin was set at 10%, and the planned sample size was 312. An interim analysis was planned and conducted when one‐third of the planned accrual and follow‐up was completed, to rule out futility if the delta margin was in excess of 0.1389.ResultsFrom 2012 to 2016, 189 patients were accrued to the study, with 92 patients allocated to the ND group and 97 to the PD group. Due to lower than expected accrual rates, accrual to the study was halted by regulatory entities, and we did not reach the intended accrual goal. The ND and PD groups were comparable for median PSA level (6.2 vs 5.8 ng/mL, P = 0.5), clinical stage (P = 0.8), D'Amico risk classification (P = 0.4), median lymph nodes dissected (17 vs 18, P = 0.2), and proportion of patients receiving an extended pelvic lymph node dissection (70.7% vs 79.4%, P = 0.3). Incidence of 90‐day overall and major (Clavien–Dindo grade >III) complications in the ND group (17.4% and 5.4%, respectively) was not inferior to the PD group (26.8% and 5.2%, respectively; P < 0.001 and P = 0.007 for difference of proportions <10%, respectively). Symptomatic lymphocoele rates (2.2% in the ND group, 4.1% in the PD group) were comparable between the two arms (P = 0.7).ConclusionsIncidence of adverse events in the ND group was not inferior to the group who received a PD. In properly selected patients, PD placement after RARP can be safely withheld without significant additional morbidity.
Effects of video‐feedback intervention on harmonious parent–child interaction and sensitive discipline of parents with intellectual disabilities: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hodes M. W. , Meppelder M. , de Moor M. , Kef S. , Schuengel C. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundThis study tested whether video‐feedback intervention based on attachment and coercion theory increased harmonious parent–child interaction and sensitive discipline of parents with mild intellectual disabilities or borderline intellectual functioning.MethodsObserver ratings of video‐recorded structured interaction tasks at home formed pretest, post‐test, and 3‐month follow‐up outcome data in a randomized controlled trial with 85 families. Repeated measures analyses of variance and covariance were conducted to test for the intervention effect and possible moderation by IQ and adaptive functioning.ResultsThe intervention effect on harmonious parent–child interaction was conditional on parental social adaptive behaviour at pretest, with lower adaptive functioning associated with stronger intervention benefit at post‐test and follow‐up compared to care as usual. Intervention effects were not conditional on parental IQ. Intervention effects for sensitive discipline were not found.ConclusionAlthough the video‐feedback intervention did not affect observed parenting for the average parent, it may benefit interaction between children and parents with lower parental adaptive functioning.
Paradoxical prognostic impact of TERT promoter mutations in gliomas depends on different histological and genetic backgrounds
Authors: You Hao , Wu Yao , Chang Kai , Shi Xiao , Chen Xin‐Da , Yan Wei , Li Rui 
Published: September 2017

SummaryAimsThe purpose of this study was to explore the clinical significance of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations in gliomas.Methods and resultsWe used DNA sequencing data to analyze 887 gliomas for TERT promoter mutations based on histological and genetic backgrounds. TERT promoter mutations were detected in 39.6% of low‐grade gliomas, 40.3% of anaplastic gliomas, 44.7% of primary glioblastomas, 29.4% of secondary glioblastomas, and in 29.7% of Proneural, 38.6% of Neural, 41.8% of Classical, and 41.6% of Mesenchymal subtypes. Frequency of C250T mutation in recurrent gliomas was approximately half that in newly diagnosed gliomas. TERT exhibited improved prognosis when co‐occurred with isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and 1p19q alteration, but experienced inverse survival in the Mesenchymal subtype or tumor protein p53 (TP53) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) alteration. Furthermore, the five subtypes were classified based on the prognostic impact of the TERT mutation with different genetic backgrounds of glioma.ConclusionWe describe the TERT promoter mutation spectrum according to the histological, genetic, and molecular subtypes of glioma, which may aid in glioma subtype classification and have clinical implications.
A systematic review of Clostridium difficile infection following reversal of ileostomy
Authors: Harries R. L. , Ansell J. , Codd R. J. , Williams G. L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimThe incidence of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has been reported to be as high as 4% following ileostomy reversal. CDI can be associated with significant morbidity. A systematic review on this subject has not been previously reported; our aim was to review the literature to establish incidence and to evaluate the factors that may contribute to an increased risk of CDI following ileostomy reversal.MethodA systematic review of Ovid, Embase and Medline was undertaken. Search terms included C. difficile, reversal of ileostomy and ileostomy closure. Articles were included where at least one case of C. difficile‐associated diarrhoea following reversal of defunctioning ileostomy was reported. Data extraction for articles was performed by two authors, using predefined data fields. The primary outcome measure was incidence of CDI amongst patients undergoing ileostomy reversal. Secondary outcomes were defunctioning time, antibiotic regime, acid suppression, time to onset of symptoms and study conclusions including colectomy and mortality rate.ResultsEleven articles were included (five case reports and six cohort studies). The overall incidence of CDI was 1.8% (242/13 728). The mean defunctioning time was 8.7 months (range 6–12). A variety of antibiotic regimes were described. Mean time to onset of symptoms was 6 days (range 3–14). Use of acid suppression, colectomy or mortality rate were frequently not reported.ConclusionCDI should be recognized as a potentially life‐threatening complication of ileostomy closure. Careful consideration should be given to peri‐operative antibiotic regime, acid suppression, timing of reversal and appropriate preoperative counselling of patients.
Controlled oxygenated rewarming up to normothermia for pretransplant reconditioning of liver grafts
Authors: von Horn Charlotte , Baba Hideo A. , Hannaert Patrik , Hauet Thierry , Leuvenink Henri , Paul Andreas , Minor Thomas ,   COPE consortium partners
Published: September 2017

AbstractControlled oxygenated rewarming (COR) up to 20°C during ex vivo machine perfusion limits reperfusion‐induced tissue injury upon graft implantation. Rewarming up to normothermia might add further benefits and provide better prediction of post‐transplantation organ function. The effect of 90 minutes of oxygenated machine perfusion with Aqix RS‐I after cold storage combined with gentle rewarming up to 20°C (COR20) or 35°C (COR35) was studied in rat livers and compared with cold storage alone (CS, n = 6, resp). Postpreservation recovery was evaluated upon warm reperfusion using an established in vitro system. COR generally resulted in significantly improved energetic recovery, increased bile flow, less activities alanine aminotransferase (ALT) release, and improved histopathology upon reperfusion as compared to only cold‐stored livers, without significant differences between COR20 and COR35. Parameters obtained during COR, especially during COR35, also allowed for prediction of hepatic recovery upon reperfusion. For instance, ulterior bile production upon reperfusion was found closely correlated to bile flow observed already during COR35 (R2 = 0.91). COR significantly improved liver quality after static cold storage. Elevation of machine perfusion temperature up to 35°C may prove promising to refine ex vivo evaluation of the graft prior to transplantation.
The impact of the non‐invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear feature terminology in the routine diagnosis of thyroid tumours
Authors: Jaconi M. , Manzoni M. , Pincelli A. I. , Giardini V. , Scardilli M. , Smith A. , Fellegara G. , Pagni F. 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundDue to the recent proposal of the non‐invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear feature (NIFTP) category, the authors analyse the state of the art in the challenging diagnosis of follicular thyroid neoplasms in routine practice.Methods and resultsA consecutive series of 200 histological diagnoses, with complete cytological correlation, was analysed following the introduction of the NIFTP definition. The study was conducted in a general hospital with a high prevalence of thyroid benign nodules that accounted for approximately 60% of surgically‐treated nodules. The significant incidence of the new NIFTP category was 7%. Concurrently, a gradual decrease of the follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (fvPTC) was observed (3.5%). When evaluating the FNA biopsies within the NIFTP group, despite the systematic evaluation of nuclear crowding, enlargement, irregularities and clearing, the final cytological class was often indeterminate for malignancy (Thy3/III‐IV, 71%). At histology, the application of the semiquantitative NIFTP score for the evaluation of the PTC‐like nuclear features was able to discriminate benign lesions (score 0/1) from fvPTC (score 2/3). A certain degree of overlapping still persisted between NIFTP and fvPTC (score 2) or between NIFTP and benign lesions (score 1).ConclusionsIn the routine evaluation of FNA biopsies, the presence of subtle and questionable PTC‐like nuclear features still remains a controversial aspect of the diagnostic workflow. Given that the NIFTP category was introduced to stratify the low‐risk group of thyroid tumours more precisely, pathologists should force themselves to apply the nuclear score rigorously and to classify cases assigned a score of 1 as benign proliferations.
Constructive Theology, the Cross of Christ, and the Praxis of Liberation
Authors: Gockel Matthias 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe article relates Paul Hinlicky's project of critical dogmatics to the constructive work of two Reformed theologians, Jürgen Moltmann's The Crucified God (1972) and Mark Lewis Taylor's The Executed God (2001/2015). After highlighting central tenets of Hinlicky's paradigm I discuss and compare the monographs by Moltmann and Taylor, weighing their similarities and differences. I conclude by pointing out the shared interest of critical dogmatics and constructive theology.
Emerging Tapestry: An Evangelical Lutheran Social Ethic
Authors: Willer Roger A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis article argues that an identifiable social ethic is emerging in the social teaching documents of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. Reading across the body of teaching and policy it becomes evident how conscientious attention to Lutheran themes and commitments at the interface with contemporary social analysis and questions has produced a coherent ethic. That is, it is relatively comprehensive, responsibly consistent, and remarkably cogent with an identifiable moral imperative and mode of reasoning. The paper delineates the character of this responsibility ethic across the five dimensions of ethics.
Biogeographic responses of the copepod Calanus glacialis to a changing Arctic marine environment
Authors: Feng Zhixuan , Ji Rubao , Ashjian Carin , Campbell Robert , Zhang Jinlun 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDramatic changes have occurred in the Arctic Ocean over the past few decades, especially in terms of sea ice loss and ocean warming. Those environmental changes may modify the planktonic ecosystem with changes from lower to upper trophic levels. This study aimed to understand how the biogeographic distribution of a crucial endemic copepod species, Calanus glacialis, may respond to both abiotic (ocean temperature) and biotic (phytoplankton prey) drivers. A copepod individual‐based model coupled to an ice‐ocean‐biogeochemical model was utilized to simulate temperature‐ and food‐dependent life cycle development of C. glacialis annually from 1980 to 2014. Over the 35‐year study period, the northern boundaries of modeled diapausing C. glacialis expanded poleward and the annual success rates of C. glacialis individuals attaining diapause in a circumpolar transition zone increased substantially. Those patterns could be explained by a lengthening growth season (during which time food is ample) and shortening critical development time (the period from the first feeding stage N3 to the diapausing stage C4). The biogeographic changes were further linked to large‐scale oceanic processes, particularly diminishing sea ice cover, upper ocean warming, and increasing and prolonging food availability, which could have potential consequences to the entire Arctic shelf/slope marine ecosystems.
Validity of maximum isometric tongue pressure as a screening test for physical frailty: Cross‐sectional study of Japanese community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Yamanashi Hirotomo , Shimizu Yuji , Higashi Miho , Koyamatsu Jun , Sato Shimpei , Nagayoshi Mako , Kadota Koichiro , Kawashiri Shinya , Tamai Mami , Takamura Noboru , Maeda Takahiro 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimMaximum isometric tongue pressure (MIP) seems to have a diagnostic value for oral phase dysphagia. The present study aimed to examine the association between MIP and frailty, and to assess the screening validity of MIP for physical frailty.MethodsWe carried out a cross‐sectional study, and enrolled participants aged ≥60 years from Japanese national medical check‐ups in 2015 and 2016. The Fried frailty phenotype model was used. We analyzed odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of physical frailty using one standard deviation increments of tongue pressure. Receiver operating characteristic curves were obtained to predict physical frailty using MIP values.ResultsOut of 1603 participants, 968 were categorized as non‐frail, 605 as pre‐frail and 30 as frail. In logistic regression analysis, one standard deviation increment of MIP significantly differentiated frail and pre‐frail: the OR for frail with one standard deviation increment in MIP was 0.37 (95% CI 0.26–0.54, P < 0.001), and the OR for pre‐frail was 0.63 (95% CI 0.57–0.70, P < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for predicting frailty with MIP score was as high as 0.776 (95% CI 0.689–0.862). A point of MIP 35 kPa had a sensitivity of 90.0%, specificity of 40.4%, a positive likelihood ratio of 1.5 and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.2 for predicting frailty.ConclusionsMIP performance is independently associated with frailty. MIP also can be used as a simple screening tool for frailty. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 240–249.
Calculating Groundwater Response Times for Flow in Heterogeneous Porous Media
Authors: Simpson Matthew J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPredicting the amount of time required for a transient groundwater response to take place is a practical question that is of interest in many situations. This time scale is often called the response time. In the groundwater hydrology literature, there are two main methods used to calculate the response time: (1) both the transient and steady‐state groundwater flow equations are solved, and the response time is taken to be amount of time required for the transient solution to approach the steady solution within some tolerance; and (2) simple scaling arguments are adopted. Certain limitations restrict both of these approaches. In this study, we outline a third method, based on the theory of mean action time. We derive the governing boundary value problem for both the mean and variance of action time for confined flow in two‐dimensional heterogeneous porous media. Importantly, we show that these boundary value problems can be solved using widely available software. Applying these methods to a test case reveals the advantages of the theory of mean action time relative to standard methods.
Being a Neighbor: Ideas and Ideals of Neighborliness in the Medieval West
Authors: McDonough Susan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis essay takes stock of current scholarship on neighbors in the Middle Ages to think through medieval understandings of the notion of neighborliness. When historians invoke the ideas of neighbors and neighborliness, they mean something beyond the people who lived in adjoining buildings or on adjacent plots of land. When medieval people called someone a “neighbor,” the label conveyed a set of obligations, behaviors, and expectations, rooted in the idea that neighbors were among the group of people who were privy to the intimacies of each others' lives, at times both monumental and mundane. Medieval neighborliness was not uncomplicated or understood as unequivocally positive of course. Neighbors were not always a source of unconditional support or love. Despite a Christian rhetoric that emphasized a love of one's neighbor as a vehicle for loving God, medieval studies have suggested that the figure of the neighbor was, in fact, a source of danger and disquiet. This notion of neighborliness as a source of unease explains, perhaps, why scholars of medieval religion and religious interaction showcase some of the most fruitful uses of the concept. This article considers how scholars have accessed medieval notions of neighbors and neighborliness in their exploration of medieval community.
Role of immune microenvironment in gastrointestinal stromal tumours
Authors: Blakely Andrew M , Matoso Andres , Patil Pallavi A , Taliano Ross , Machan Jason T , Miner Thomas J , Lombardo Kara A , Resnick Murray B , Wang Li‐Juan 
Published: September 2017

AimsThe immune microenvironment is a prognostic factor for various malignancies. The significance of key players of this immune microenvironment, including tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and expression of programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1), indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophanyl‐tRNA synthetase (WARS) in gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) is largely unknown.Methods and resultsTissue microarrays were constructed from pathology files, 1996–2016. Immunohistochemistry for PD‐L1, IDO and WARS was correlated with tumour size, mitoses and outcomes. TILs expressing CD3, CD4, CD8, FoxP3 and GBP5 were counted. A total of 129 GISTs were analysed. Mean patient age was 62.5 years; 52.0% were male. Tumour location included 89 stomach (69.0%), 33 small bowel (25.6%) and seven other (5.4%). Mean tumour size was 5.6 cm; mean mitoses were 7.2 per 50 high‐power field. Nineteen patients (15.0%) developed disease progression, to abdominal wall (n = 8), liver (n = 6) and elsewhere (n = 5). Median progression‐free survival was 56.6 months; five patients died of disease. PD‐L1 was positive in 88 of 127 tumour samples (69.0%), 114 of 127 tumours were IDO‐positive (89.8%) and 60 of 127 were positive for WARS (47.2%). PD‐L1 was associated with increased size (P = 0.01), necrosis (P = 0.018) and mitoses (P = 0.006). Disease progression was not associated with PD‐L1 (P = 0.44), IDO (P = 0.14) or WARS (P = 0.36) expression. PD‐L1‐positive GISTs with CD8+ or CD3+ TILs were significantly smaller than tumours with CD8+ or CD3+ TILs.ConclusionsPD‐L1 expression was associated with increased size and mitoses. High CD8+ or CD3+ TIL counts were associated with decreased PD‐L1/IDO+ GIST size. PD‐L1 and IDO could be significant in GIST tumour biology, which invites consideration of immunotherapy as a potential treatment option.
5. GROSSRAUM AND GEOPOLITICS: RESITUATING SCHMITT IN AN ATLANTIC CONTEXT
Authors: SPECTER MATTHEW 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTContemporary theorists of international relations and historians of empire have found utility in the spatial theory of “Grossraum,” or “great space,” that Carl Schmitt developed in the 1930s and 40s. This article asks whether Schmitt's concept of Grossraum can be fully disentangled from its German history—from the Nazi pursuit of Lebensraum in which it eventually culminated, but with which it is not identical either. I argue that Schmitt's Grossraum theory is neither merely a symptomatic reflection of the Third Reich's objectives, nor a free‐floating theory with strong potential for critiquing imperialism, but is best approached as an important moment in the transatlantic conversation among empires that unfolded between 1890 and 1945 about the sources, methods, and prerogatives of global power. It compares Schmitt with other figures in German geopolitics such as Friedrich Ratzel and Karl Haushofer in order to establish a genealogy of the distinction between land and sea powers, arguing that Schmitt's writings on Grossraum modernize and transmit to the twentieth century the most influential theories of political geography and geopolitics developed in the Atlantic world between 1890 and 1930.
Historical Evolution and Global Changes in Women's Imprisonment in Peru
Authors: CONSTANT CHLOÉ 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis article analyses the evolution of female confinement and imprisonment in Peru from the colonial period until the 21st Century, demonstrating how political, historical and social changes in Peruvian society influenced the changing processes of female imprisonment during three phases of its development. The first important developments were introduced by the transfer of criminal female control from religious institutions to national prison institutions. Second, the context of the internal armed conflict shaped penal policies at the end of the 20th Century and marked the beginning of mass female incarceration. Finally, this phenomenon coincides with important structural changes on a local and regional scale, and can be considered as an echo of global trends in penal policies.
Vulnerability Discourses and Drug Mule Work: Legal Approaches in Sentencing and Non‐Prosecution/Non‐Punishment Norms
Authors: URQUIZA‐HAAS NAYELI 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis article analyses the meaning of vulnerability in discourses about drug mules and couriers at a national and international level, particularly the cases of Costa Rica and England and Wales. Drawing on policies, legislative reforms and court cases, it examines how vulnerability mobilised claims for more proportionality in sentencing practices for drug offences. Vulnerability discourses also underpin claims that drug mules are trafficked persons whose culpability should be extinguished, or at least, diminished. Yet, this article suggests vulnerability discourses can also reinforce neoliberal governance mechanisms rather than expose and critique the ways in which gender and racial histories of oppression intersect with the international drug control system, contributing to the precarity of drug mule work.