bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing a new hip index as a risk predictor for diabetes mellitus
Authors: He Sen , Zheng Yi , Chen Xiaoping 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAims/IntroductionRecently, a new anthropometric parameter (a new hip index [HI]) was developed, and the HI shows a U‐shaped relationship to mortality in the USA population. It is well known that there is an inverse relationship between hip circumference (HC) and the risk of diabetes mellitus. Accordingly, the study sought to investigate whether HI could predict future diabetes mellitus, as compared with HC and the waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR), in a general Chinese population.Materials and MethodsIn 2007, we carried out a health examination of 687 participants (mean age 48.1 ± 6.2 years, male 58.1%). Development of diabetes mellitus by the 2007 examination was studied in relation to data from a baseline health examination carried out in 1992.ResultsDuring the follow up, 74 participants were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Across the quintiles of baseline HI, the incidence rates of diabetes mellitus were 12.4, 12.4, 9.9, 7.8 and 11.3% in quintile (Q)1, Q2, Q3, Q4 and Q5, respectively (P = 0.698). With the lowest quintile (Q1) as reference, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that HI was not associated with diabetes mellitus. In contrast, HC and WHR could predict future diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, WHR had the best discriminatory power for diabetes mellitus (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.691, 95% confidence interval 0.621–0.761), followed by HC (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.623, 95% confidence interval 0.558–0.689) and HI (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.464, 95% confidence interval 0.396–0.531).ConclusionsCompared with HC and WHR, HI was not an independent risk factor for diabetes mellitus in the Chinese population. More studies are required to delineate the limits of the utility of HI.
The global impact ofWolbachiaon mitochondrial diversity and evolution
Authors: Cariou M. , Duret L. , Charlat S. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe spread of maternally inherited microorganisms, such asWolbachiabacteria, can induce indirect selective sweeps on host mitochondria, to which they are linked within the cytoplasm. The resulting reduction in effective population size might lead to smaller mitochondrial diversity and reduced efficiency of natural selection. While documented in several host species, it is currently unclear if such a scenario is common enough to globally impact the diversity and evolution of mitochondria inWolbachia‐infected lineages. Here, we address this question using a mapping ofWolbachiaacquisition/extinction events on a large mitochondrialDNAtree, including over 1000 species. Our analyses indicate that on a large phylogenetic scale, other sources of variation, such as mutation rates, tend to hide the effects ofWolbachia. However, paired comparisons between closely related infected and uninfected taxa reveal thatWolbachiais associated with a twofold reduction in silent mitochondrial polymorphism, and a 13% increase in nonsynonymous substitution rates. These findings validate the conjecture that the widespread distribution ofWolbachiainfections throughout arthropods impacts the effective population size of mitochondria. These effects might in part explain the disconnection between genetic diversity and demographic population size in mitochondria, and also fuel red‐queen‐like cytonuclear co‐evolution through the fixation of deleterious mitochondrial alleles.
Leader preference in Neoconocephalus ensiger katydids: a female preference for a nonheritable male trait
Authors: Murphy M. A. , Gerhardt H. C. , Schul J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFemale preferences for males producing their calls just ahead of their neighbours, leader preferences, are common in acoustically communicating insects and anurans. While these preferences have been well studied, their evolutionary origins remain unclear. We tested whether females gain a fitness benefit by mating with leading males in Neoconocephalus ensiger katydids. We mated leading and following males with random females and measured the number and quality of F1, the number of F2 and the heritability of the preferred male trait. We found that females mating with leaders and followers did not differ in the number of F1 or F2 offspring. Females mating with leading males had offspring that were in better condition than those mating with following males suggesting a benefit in the form of higher quality offspring. We found no evidence that the male trait, the production of leading calls, was heritable. This suggests that there is no genetic correlate for the production of leading calls and that the fitness benefit gained by females must be a direct benefit, potentially mediated by seminal proteins. The presence of benefits indicates that leader preference is adaptive in N. ensiger, which may explain the evolutionary origin of leader preference; further tests are required to determine whether fitness benefits can explain the phylogenetic distribution of leader preference in Neoconocephalus. The absence of heritability will prevent leader preference from becoming coupled with or exaggerating the male trait and prevent females from gaining a ‘sexy‐sons’ benefit, weakening the overall selection for leader preference.
Leaving Employment to Entrepreneurship: The Value of Co‐worker Mobility in Pushed and Pulled‐Driven Start‐ups
Authors: Rocha Vera , Carneiro Anabela , Varum Celeste 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBy combining insights from the widespread research on entrepreneurial spin‐offs and from the emerging literature on hiring choices in start‐ups, we investigate the role of co‐worker mobility in pushed and pulled spin‐off survival. Using rich register data and a multi‐stage model addressing self‐selection and endogeneity issues, we cover 28,353 spin‐offs launched between 1992 and 2007. We find that spin‐offs hiring co‐workers from the parent firm survive longer. This survival bonus is greater in pushed‐driven start‐ups. We investigate two different mechanisms through which co‐worker mobility may improve spin‐off survival – knowledge transfer and reduced searching costs. While both mechanisms play a role in explaining the survival bonus in pulled spin‐offs, co‐worker mobility seems to help pushed spin‐offs to survive mostly by reducing initial recruitment costs. This work provides novel insights on the role of context surrounding new venture creation and inter‐firm labour mobility.
Photo‐identification matches of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) from feeding areas in Russian Far East seas and breeding grounds in the North Pacific
Authors: Titova Olga V. , Filatova Olga A. , Fedutin Ivan D. , Ovsyanikova Ekaterina N. , Okabe Haruna , Kobayashi Nozomi , Acebes Jo Marie V , Burdin Alexandr M. , Hoyt Erich 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHumpback whales migrate seasonally from high latitude feeding areas to lower latitude breeding areas for mating and calving. In 2004–2006, a North Pacific basin‐wide study called SPLASH was conducted as an international collaboration among various groups of researchers. The Russian Far East consists of multiple high latitude feeding areas and during SPLASH, 102 whales were identified and compared to catalogs from breeding areas. Our goal in this study was to further investigate the migratory destinations of whales from the Russian Far East using a total of 1,459 photographs of whales identified from 2004 to 2014. We compared the latest Russian catalog with the SPLASH catalog from wintering areas (2004–2006) and with two additional regional catalogs from Okinawa (1989–2006) and the northern Philippines (2000–2006). We found a total of 152 matches: 106 with Asian, 35 with Hawaiian, and 11 with Mexican breeding grounds. The match rate was higher in mainland Kamchatka and consisted mostly of whales from the Asian breeding ground. In the Commander Islands, the proportion of whales from Asia was twice that of Hawaii and six times higher than Mexico. The total match rate was low, supporting the hypothesis of some undiscovered humpback whale breeding location in the North Pacific.
Acute kidney injury as the presenting manifestation of sarcoidosis: A case series and review of literature
Authors: Rajkumar Theepika , Lea‐Henry Tom , Chacko Bobby 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTAcute kidney injury is rarely the presenting feature of sarcoidosis. We present a case series of patients whose diagnosis of sarcoidosis was only brought to light by the development of renal impairment. Concurrent hypercalcaemia was noted, prompting further investigation. The patients discussed experienced a significant and rapid improvement in both renal function and hypercalcaemia in response to therapy with prednisolone. This is out of keeping with previous reports of sarcoidosis‐induced renal impairment. Our case series highlights the importance of testing for hypercalcaemia in the context of acute kidney injury. Sarcoidosis is primarily a disease of the lungs and reticuloendothelial system; however, the prevalence of renal involvement with sarcoidosis may be under‐recognized. The renal manifestations of sarcoidosis are discussed in the context of the current literature. Furthermore, from our experience, we postulate that in the context of sarcoidosis‐induced renal injury, concurrent hypercalcaemia may present prior to the development of chronic renal injury and therefore these patients may be more likely to recover renal function.
Engineering Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz for enhanced oil and seed yields by combining diacylglycerol acyltransferase1 and glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase expression
Authors: Chhikara Sudesh , Abdullah Hesham M. , Akbari Parisa , Schnell Danny , Dhankher Om Parkash 
Published: October 2017

SummaryPlant seed oil‐based liquid transportation fuels (i.e., biodiesel and green diesel) have tremendous potential as environmentally, economically and technologically feasible alternatives to petroleum‐derived fuels. Due to their nutritional and industrial importance, one of the major objectives is to increase the seed yield and oil production of oilseed crops via biotechnological approaches. Camelina sativa, an emerging oilseed crop, has been proposed as an ideal crop for biodiesel and bioproduct applications. Further increase in seed oil yield by increasing the flux of carbon from increased photosynthesis into triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis will make this crop more profitable. To increase the oil yield, we engineered Camelina by co‐expressing the Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. diacylglycerol acyltransferase1 (DGAT1) and a yeast cytosolic glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD1) genes under the control of seed‐specific promoters. Plants co‐expressing DGAT1 and GPD1 exhibited up to 13% higher seed oil content and up to 52% increase in seed mass compared to wild‐type plants. Further, DGAT1‐ and GDP1‐co‐expressing lines showed significantly higher seed and oil yields on a dry weight basis than the wild‐type controls or plants expressing DGAT1 and GPD1 alone. The oil harvest index (g oil per g total dry matter) for DGTA1‐ and GPD1‐co‐expressing lines was almost twofold higher as compared to wild type and the lines expressing DGAT1 and GPD1 alone. Therefore, combining the overexpression of TAG biosynthetic genes, DGAT1 and GPD1, appears to be a positive strategy to achieve a synergistic effect on the flux through the TAG synthesis pathway, and thereby further increase the oil yield.
Implementation of CsLIS/NES in linalool biosynthesis involves transcript splicing regulation in Camellia sinensis
Authors: Liu Guo‐Feng , Liu Jing‐Jing , He Zhi‐Rong , Wang Fu‐Min , Yang Hua , Yan Yi‐Feng , Gao Ming‐Jun , Gruber Margaret Y. , Wan Xiao‐Chun , Wei Shu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractVolatile terpenoids produced in tea plants (Camellia sinensis) are airborne signals interacting against other ecosystem members, but also pleasant odorants of tea products. Transcription regulation (including transcript processing) is pivotal for plant volatile terpenoid production. In this study, a terpene synthase gene CsLIS/NES was recovered from tea plants (C. sinensis cv. “Long‐Men Xiang”). CsLIS/NES transcription regulation resulted in 2 splicing forms: CsLIS/NES‐1 and CsLIS/NES‐2 lacking a 305 bp‐fragment at N‐terminus, both producing (E)‐nerolidol and linalool in vitro. Transgenic tobacco studies and a gene‐specific antisense oligo‐deoxynucleotide suppression applied in tea leaves indicated that CsLIS/NES‐1, localized in chloroplasts, acted as linalool synthase, whereas CsLIS/NES‐2 localized in cytosol, functioned as a potential nerolidol synthase, but not linalool synthase. Expression patterns of the 2 transcript isoforms in tea were distinctly different and responded differentially to the application of stress signal molecule methyl jasmonate. Leaf expression of CsLIS/NES‐1, but not CsLIS/NES‐2, was significantly induced by methyl jasmonate. Our data indicated that distinct transcript splicing regulation patterns, together with subcellular compartmentation of CsLIS/NE‐1 and CsLIS/NE‐2 implemented the linalool biosynthesis regulation in tea plants in responding to endogenous and exogenous regulatory factors.
Transfusion‐acquired hepatitis E infection misdiagnosed as severe critical illness polyneuromyopathy in a heart transplant patient
Authors: Belliere Julie , Abravanel Florence , Nogier Marie Béatrice , Martinez Salima , Cintas Pascal , Lhomme Sébastien , Lavayssière Laurence , Cointault Olivier , Faguer Stanislas , Izopet Jacques , Kamar Nassim 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis is the case of a 56‐year‐old man who underwent heart transplantation. Within the first postoperative days, his respiratory and limb muscles weakened, which was attributed to critical illness polyneuromyopathy (CIPM). At day 70 post transplantation, he had increased liver enzyme levels and acute hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection was diagnosed. HEV RNA was found in the serum, stools, and cerebrospinal fluid. Results of further investigations suggested a possible HEV‐related polyradiculoneuropathy. At transplantation, the patient was negative for immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgM, and HEV RNA. A trace‐back procedure identified the source of infection and concluded that HEV infection was contracted from blood transfusion 12 days prior to transplantation from an HEV RNA‐positive donor. Tests of the organ donor for HEV were negative. Phylogenetic analysis revealed sequence homology between the HEV‐3 strain of the patient and the HEV‐3 strain of the blood donor. Despite ribavirin treatment, the patient died on day 153 post transplantation from multiorgan failure. In conclusion, patients with hepatitis or neuropathic illness who have received blood products should be screened for HEV.
Cryopreservation of adult unrelated donor products in hematopoietic cell transplantation: the OneMatch experience and systematic review of the literature
Authors: Aziz Joseph , Morris Gail , Rizk Mina , Shorr Risa , Mercer Dena , Young Kimberly , Allan David 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUNDThe frequency of cryopreserving blood stem or progenitor products from unrelated donors is not known and the underlying reasons are poorly documented. Greater insight is needed to develop policies on cryopreservation that balance donor safety with patient needs.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSCryopreservation requests between January 1, 2014, and May 31, 2016, at the OneMatch Stem Cell and Marrow Network at Canadian Blood Services were reviewed and a systematic review of the literature was performed.RESULTSThirty products of 719 (4.2%) unrelated donor collections facilitated by OneMatch were cryopreserved. Patient‐related reasons were most common and included the need to delay transplant for continued antimicrobial treatment (six patients), patient too deconditioned to proceed with scheduled transplant (five patients), and/or need for more treatment for relapsed disease (three patients). Donor‐related issues leading to cryopreservation requests were less common (five cases), mainly due to lack of donor availability after attempting to reschedule. Cryopreservation of a product that was never infused occurred infrequently (two cases, 7%). In our systematic review of the literature, 993 cases were identified in 32 published reports. Both patient‐related and donor‐related reasons were cited but not specifically reported, precluding quantitative insight regarding the relative frequency of causes. The impact of cryopreservation on hematopoietic engraftment appears negligible when compared to controls in a subset of studies; however, reporting of outcomes was inconsistent.CONCLUSIONFuture studies with standard outcome measures are needed to clarify the impact of cryopreservation on engraftment and other transplant outcomes. International guidelines that consider the ethical framework surrounding requests for donor product cryopreservation are needed.
δ‐cells and β‐cells are electrically coupled and regulate α‐cell activity via somatostatin
Authors: Briant L. J. B. , Reinbothe T. M. , Spiliotis I. , Miranda C. , Rodriguez B. , Rorsman P. 
Published: October 2017

Key points
We used a mouse expressing a light‐sensitive ion channel in β‐cells to understand how α‐cell activity is regulated by β‐cells.
Light activation of β‐cells triggered a suppression of α‐cell activity via gap junction‐dependent activation of δ‐cells.
Mathematical modelling of human islets suggests that 23% of the inhibitory effect of glucose on glucagon secretion is mediated by β‐cells via gap junction‐dependent activation of δ‐cells/somatostatin secretion.
AbstractGlucagon, the body's principal hyperglycaemic hormone, is released from α‐cells of the pancreatic islet. Secretion of this hormone is dysregulated in type 2 diabetes mellitus but the mechanisms controlling secretion are not well understood. Regulation of glucagon secretion by factors secreted by neighbouring β‐ and δ‐cells (paracrine regulation) have been proposed to be important. In this study, we explored the importance of paracrine regulation by using an optogenetic strategy. Specific light‐induced activation of β‐cells in mouse islets expressing the light‐gated channelrhodopsin‐2 resulted in stimulation of electrical activity in δ‐cells but suppression of α‐cell activity. Activation of the δ‐cells was rapid and sensitive to the gap junction inhibitor carbenoxolone, whereas the effect on electrical activity in α‐cells was blocked by CYN 154806, an antagonist of the somatostatin‐2 receptor. These observations indicate that optogenetic activation of the β‐cells propagates to the δ‐cells via gap junctions, and the consequential stimulation of somatostatin secretion inhibits α‐cell electrical activity by a paracrine mechanism. To explore whether this pathway is important for regulating α‐cell activity and glucagon secretion in human islets, we constructed computational models of human islets. These models had detailed architectures based on human islets and consisted of a collection of >500 α‐, β‐ and δ‐cells. Simulations of these models revealed that this gap junctional/paracrine mechanism accounts for up to 23% of the suppression of glucagon secretion by high glucose.
Parameter Calibration in Dynamic Simulations of Power Cables in Shallow Water to Improve Fatigue Damage Estimation
Authors: Spraul Charles , Arnal Vincent , Cartraud Patrice , Berhault Christian 
Published: October 2017

The purpose of this work is to use in situ measurements during service to adjust the estimation of the cumulated damage, and achieve an increased accuracy in predicting the remaining life span of the power cable.
Direct monitoring of fatigue damage is not feasible, nor is it possible to completely measure the power cable response along all its length. Measurements can though be obtained concerning environmental conditions and the floater motion, as well as the cable response in a few points. However numerical simulations are still required to compute the state of stress of the cable.
Therefore the intended monitoring methodology aims at calibrating several parameters from the numerical model with respect to available measurements, in order to reduce the uncertainty on these parameters, and thus the uncertainty on the model output. Selection of these parameters must therefore be based on their influence on damage and on their a priori uncertainty. In this respect marine growth influence on cable characteristics is of particular interest.
First Draft Genome Sequence of a Clinical Strain of Nocardia cerradoensis
Authors: Carrasco Gema , Monzón Sara , Jiménez Pilar , Cuesta Isabel , Bartolomé-Alvarez Joaquín , Valdezate Sylvia 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

This paper reports the first draft genome sequence for a strain of
Nocardia cerradoensis
obtained from an immunocompetent patient with a knee infection. The 8.2-Mb genome has 8,329 coding sequences, including intrinsic resistance genes, biosynthetic gene clusters for polyketide synthase and nonribosomal peptide synthase, virulence genes, and prophages.
Draft Genome Sequences of Three Novel Low-Abundance Species Strains Isolated from Kefir Grain
Authors: Kim Yongkyu , Blasche Sonja , Patil Kiran R. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

We report here the genome sequences of three novel bacterial species strains—
Bacillus kefirresidentii
Opo,
Rothia kefirresidentii
KRP, and
Streptococcus kefirresidentii
YK—isolated from kefir grains collected in Germany. The draft genomes of these isolates were remarkably dissimilar (average nucleotide identities, 77.80%, 89.01%, and 92.10%, respectively) to those of the previously sequenced strains.
Complete Draft Genome Sequence of Escherichia coli K802
Authors: Kleiner-Grote Gabriele R. M. , Wibberg Daniel , Winkler Anika , Kalinowski Jörn , Friehs Karl 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Escherichia coli
K802 is an old strain used for cloning experiments, as well as for the production of recombinant proteins. To understand the genomic background of
E. coli
K802 better, we present here its complete draft genome sequence.
First Nearly Complete Genome Sequence of
Feline immunodeficiency virus
from Brazil
Authors: Taniwaki Sueli A. , Araújo João P. , Brandão Paulo E. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Feline immunodeficiency virus
(FIV) has worldwide distribution; nevertheless, only a few FIV genomes from domestic cats are available. This is the first report of a nearly complete genome of FIV from a Brazilian cat (8,967 nucleotides [nt]), including the entire coding region and the 3′ untranslated region.
Draft Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus salivarius L28 Isolated from Ground Beef
Authors: Ayala Diana I. , Cook Peter W. , Campos David L. , Brashears Mindy M. , den Bakker Henk , Nightingale Kendra K. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

In this report, we describe the draft genome sequence of a newly discovered probiotic strain,
Lactobacillus salivarius
L28.
L. salivarius
L28 demonstrates antagonistic effects against human foodborne pathogens, including
Escherichia coli
O157:H7,
Salmonella
spp., and
Listeria monocytogenes
, in coculture experiments and food matrices.
Draft Genome Sequences of the Avirulent Coxiella burnetii Dugway 7D77-80 and Dugway 7E65-68 Strains Isolated from Rodents in Dugway, Utah
Authors: Beare Paul A. , Jeffrey Brendan M. , Martens Craig A. , Heinzen Robert A. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTHere, we present the draft genome sequences of theCoxiella burnetiiDugway 7D77-80 and Dugway 7E65-68 strains, which were isolated from rodents in Dugway, UT, in the 1950s. The strains reside in a distinct genomic group ofC. burnetiiand are considered avirulent despite having the largest genomes of theCoxiellagenus.