bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A randomized phase II feasibility trial of a multimodal intervention for the management of cachexia in lung and pancreatic cancer
Authors: Solheim Tora S. , Laird Barry J.A. , Balstad Trude Rakel , Stene Guro B. , Bye Asta , Johns Neil , Pettersen Caroline H. , Fallon Marie , Fayers Peter , Fearon Kenneth , Kaasa Stein 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundCancer cachexia is a syndrome of weight loss (including muscle and fat), anorexia, and decreased physical function. It has been suggested that the optimal treatment for cachexia should be a multimodal intervention. The primary aim of this study was to examine the feasibility and safety of a multimodal intervention (n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid nutritional supplements, exercise, and anti‐inflammatory medication: celecoxib) for cancer cachexia in patients with incurable lung or pancreatic cancer, undergoing chemotherapy.MethodsPatients receiving two cycles of standard chemotherapy were randomized to either the multimodal cachexia intervention or standard care. Primary outcome measures were feasibility assessed by recruitment, attrition, and compliance with intervention (>50% of components in >50% of patients). Key secondary outcomes were change in weight, muscle mass, physical activity, safety, and survival.ResultsThree hundred and ninety‐nine were screened resulting in 46 patients recruited (11.5%). Twenty five patients were randomized to the treatment and 21 as controls. Forty‐one completed the study (attrition rate 11%). Compliance to the individual components of the intervention was 76% for celecoxib, 60% for exercise, and 48% for nutritional supplements. As expected from the sample size, there was no statistically significant effect on physical activity or muscle mass. There were no intervention‐related Serious Adverse Events and survival was similar between the groups.ConclusionsA multimodal cachexia intervention is feasible and safe in patients with incurable lung or pancreatic cancer; however, compliance to nutritional supplements was suboptimal. A phase III study is now underway to assess fully the effect of the intervention.
Review: Biological and Molecular Differences between Tail Regeneration and Limb Scarring in Lizard: An Inspiring Model Addressing Limb Regeneration in Amniotes
Authors: Alibardi Lorenzo 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTTissue regeneration in lizards represents a unique model of regeneration and scarring in amniotes. The tail and limb contain putative stem cells but also dedifferentiating cells contribute to regeneration. Following tail amputation, inflammation is low and cell proliferation high, leading to regeneration while the intense inflammation in the limb leads to low proliferation and scarring. FGFs stimulate tail and limb regeneration and are present in the wound epidermis and blastema while they disappear in the limb wound epidermis 2–3 weeks postamputation in the scarring outgrowth. FGFs localize in the tail blastema and the apical epidermal peg (AEP), an epidermal microregion that allows tail growth but is absent in the limb. Inflammatory cells invade the limb blastema and wound epidermis, impeding the formation of an AEP. An embryonic program of growth is activated in the tail, dominated by Wnt‐positive and ‐negative regulators of cell proliferation and noncoding RNAs, that represent the key regenerative genes. The balanced actions of these regulators likely impede the formation of a tumor in the tail tip. Genes for FACIT and fibrillar collagens, protease inhibitors, and embryonic keratins are upregulated in the regenerating tail blastema. A strong downregulation of genes for both B and T‐lymphocyte activation suggests the regenerating tail blastema is a temporal immune‐tolerated organ, whereas a scarring program is activated in the limb. Wnt inhibitors, pro‐inflammatory genes, negative regulators of cell proliferation, downregulation of myogenic genes, proteases, and oxidases favoring scarring are upregulated. The evolution of an efficient immune system may be the main limiting barrier for organ regeneration in amniotes, and the poor regeneration of mammals and birds is associated with the efficiency of their mature immune system. This does not tolerate embryonic antigens formed in reprogrammed embryonic cells (as for neoplastic cells) that are consequently eliminated impeding the regeneration of lost organs.
Postharvest gaseous ozone treatment enhances quality parameters and delays softening in cantaloupe melon during storage at 6 °C
Authors: Toti Mauro , Carboni Cristian , Botondi Rinaldo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDA trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of postharvest gaseous ozone (O3) treatment on quality parameters and cell wall enzymes of cantaloupe melon cv. Caldeo during storage at 6 °C for 13 days. Fruits were kept in cold storage and treated with 0.15 ppm gaseous O3 during the day and 0.3 ppm overnight; control fruits (CK) were stored in normal atmosphere.RESULTSFirmness was higher and ethylene concentration significantly lower in O3 fruits compared with CK fruits. During storage, microbial counts were lower in both O3 and CK fruits; from day 9, O3 fruits showed a significant decrease in mesophilic aerobes. Additionally, total carotenoids had a tendency to be higher, with no significant differences between CK and O3 fruits. The same trend was observed for ascorbic acid, colour, total soluble solids content and acidity. Finally, O3 treatment reduced the activities of cell wall enzymes α‐arabinopyranosidase, β‐galactopyranosidase and polygalacturonase starting from day 3 of storage. Pectin methyl esterase activity did not seem to be affected by O3 treatment.CONCLUSIONGaseous O3 treatment during cold storage was effective in decreasing ethylene production and delaying fruit softening in cantaloupe melon by extending quality maintenance. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Biochar potential in intensive cultivation of Capsicum annuum L. (sweet pepper): crop yield and plant protection
Authors: Kumar Abhay , Elad Yigal , Tsechansky Ludmila , Abrol Vikas , Lew Beni , Offenbach Rivka , Graber Ellen R 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe influence of various biochars on crop yield and disease resistance of Capsicum annuum L. (sweet pepper) under modern, high input, intensive net house cultivation was tested over the course of 2011–2014 in the Arava desert region of Israel. A pot experiment with Lactuca sativa L. (lettuce) grown in the absence of fertilizer employed the 3‐year‐old field trial soils to determine if biochar treatments contributed to soil intrinsic fertility.RESULTSBiochar amendments resulted in a significant increase in the number and weight of pepper fruits over 3 years. Concomitant with the increased yield, biochar significantly decreased the severity of powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica) disease and broad mite (Polyphagotarsonemus latus) pest infestation. Biochar additions resulted in increased soil organic matter but did not influence the pH, electrical conductivity or soil or plant mineral nutrients. Intrinsic fertility experiments with lettuce showed that two of the four biochar‐treated field soils had significant positive impacts on lettuce fresh weight and total chlorophyll, carotenoid and anthocyanin contents.CONCLUSIONBiochar‐based soil management can enhance the functioning of intensive, commercial, net house production of peppers under the tested conditions, resulting in increased crop yield and plant resistance to disease over several years. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Clinical Implications of Compounds Designed to Inhibit ECM‐Modifying Metalloproteinases
Authors: Amar Sabrina , Minond Dmitriy , Fields Gregg B. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractRemodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial in development and homeostasis, but also has a significant role in disease progression. Two metalloproteinase families, the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and a disintegrin and metalloproteases (ADAMs), participate in the remodeling of the ECM, either directly or through the liberation of growth factors and cell surface receptors. The correlation of MMP and ADAM activity to a variety of diseases has instigated numerous drug development programs. However, broad‐based and Zn2+‐chelating MMP and ADAM inhibitors have fared poorly in the clinic. Selective MMP and ADAM inhibitors have been described recently based on (a) antibodies or antibody fragments or (b) small molecules designed to take advantage of protease secondary binding sites (exosites) or allosteric sites. Clinical trials have been undertaken with several of these inhibitors, while others are in advanced pre‐clinical stages.
Synthesis of a versatile pentacyclic building block for organic electronics
Authors: McDearmon Brenden , Lim Eunhee , O'Hara Kathryn , Nakayama Hidenori , Luo Yingdong , Chabinyc Michael L. , Hawker Craig J. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTA new pentacyclic building block, benzodibenzofuranquinone (BDBFQ), is synthesized in a single step from the inexpensive and readily available feedstocks chloranil and 3‐bromophenol. This versatile repeat unit is incorporated into a series of conjugated materials as either the redox active quinone form or as an electron‐rich dialkylated benzodibenzofuran (BDBF) unit. To illustrate the performance that can be obtained from these systems, optical and electrochemical properties were studied via UV–vis–NIR spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Thin‐film morphology was characterized via grazing incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering with thin‐film field‐effect transistor measurements further demonstrating the utility of this system. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 2618–2628
Decision‐making processes among men with low‐risk prostate cancer: A survey study
Authors: Hoffman Richard M. , Van Den Eeden Stephen K. , Davis Kimberly M. , Lobo Tania , Luta George , Shan Jun , Aaronson David , Penson David F. , Leimpeter Amethyst D. , Taylor Kathryn L. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize decision‐making processes and outcomes among men expressing early‐treatment preferences for low‐risk prostate cancer.MethodsWe conducted telephone surveys of men newly diagnosed with low‐risk prostate cancer in 2012 to 2014. We analyzed subjects who had discussed prostate cancer treatment with a clinician and expressed a treatment preference. We asked about decision‐making processes, including physician discussions, prostate‐cancer knowledge, decision‐making styles, treatment preference, and decisional conflict. We compared the responses across treatment groups with χ2 or ANOVA.ResultsParticipants (n = 761) had a median age of 62; 82% were white, 45% had a college education, and 35% had no comorbidities. Surveys were conducted at a median of 25 days (range 9‐100) post diagnosis. Overall, 55% preferred active surveillance (AS), 26% preferred surgery, and 19% preferred radiotherapy. Participants reported routinely considering surgery, radiotherapy, and AS. Most were aware of their low‐risk status (97%) and the option for AS (96%). However, men preferring active treatment (AT) were often unaware of treatment complications, including sexual dysfunction (23%) and urinary complications (41%). Most men (63%) wanted to make their own decision after considering the doctor's opinion, and about 90% reported being sufficiently involved in the treatment discussion. Men preferring AS had slightly more uncertainty about their decisions than those preferring AT.ConclusionsSubjects were actively engaged in decision making and considered a range of treatments. However, we found knowledge gaps about treatment complications among those preferring AT and slightly more decisional uncertainty among those preferring AS, suggesting the need for early decision support.
Drei Erfolgsstories
Authors: Kampker Achim , Gerdes Jürgen , Schuh Günther 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungGeht das? Das geht! Wie man Entwicklungs prozesse durch radikales Umdenken effizienter gestaltet und so den Markteintritt schneller schafft: Drei Erfolgsstories, die zeigen, wie das geht.
Die StreetScooter-Mobilitätslösung
Authors: Kampker Achim , Gerdes Jürgen , Schuh Günther 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungEffizient elektrisch durch die Stadt mit dem „Work“, „E-Bike“ oder „E-Trike“. Die StreetScooter GmbH bietet die passende Lösung für den Flotteneinsatz. Auf zwei, drei und vier Rädern. Hundert Prozent elektrisch, hundert Prozent CO2-frei.
Die StreetScooter-Gründer-Story
Authors: Kampker Achim , Gerdes Jürgen , Schuh Günther 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungAm Anfang war das Wort und das Wort hieß Innovation. Diese Innovation war zunächst gar nicht als Fahrzeug gedacht. Die Produktionsforscher der RWTH Aachen wollten ein innovatives Produkt entwickeln, das man in einem Hochlohnland wie Deutschland weltweit wettbewerbsfähig produzieren kann. Sie ließen erst Gedanken und dann Strom fließen.
Die StreetScooter-Post-Story
Authors: Kampker Achim , Gerdes Jürgen , Schuh Günther 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungGelb fährt vor! Wie man bei einer Entwicklung ganz neue Wege beschreitet und wie dabei die (Deutsche) Post abgeht: Vom Feldversuch-Partner bis zur Übernahme der StreetScooter GmbH.
Pairing analysis and in situ Hybridisation reveal autopolyploid-like behaviour in Solanum commersonii × S. tuberosum (potato) interspecific hybrids
Authors: Gaiero Paola , Mazzella Cristina , Vilaró Francisco , Speranza Pablo , de Jong Hans 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWild potato relatives are rich sources of desirable traits for introgressive hybridisation into cultivated potato. One of them,Solanum commersonii(2n = 2x = 24, 1EBN, endosperm balance number), is an important species belonging to the potato tertiary genepool. It can be used in potato breeding through bridge crosses and 2n gamete production. Triploid F1hybrids betweenS. commersonii(through spontaneous 2n egg formation) and diploid 2EBNSolanum tuberosumGroup Phureja were crossed withS. tuberosumGroup Tuberosum, resulting in successive backcross 1, 2 and 3 progenies. The main aim of this study was to determine if there are any barriers to homoeologous pairing and recombination in the allotriploid (S. commersonii × potato) hybrids and their backcrosses, and so to predict ifS. commersoniichromosomes can be transmitted to the next generation and introgressed into their recipient potato chromosomes. Microscopic observations of spread pollen mother cells suggested no preferential pairing in the triploid hybrids, while chromosome transmission and segregation in further meiotic stages were fairly balanced. Fluorescent in situ hybridisation with BAC probes (BAC FISH) was used to obtain markers to trace the meiotic behaviour of specific chromosome pairs. Moreover, genomic in situ hybridisation (GISH) demonstrated no obvious differences in fluorescence signals between the homoeologues suggesting that repetitive sequences did not diverge much between the parental species. As a consequence, we were not able to trace the course of theS. commersoniichromosomes in the successive introgressive hybridisation backcross generations. Our results strongly point at a high genomic similarity between the homoeologous chromosomes promising high suitability ofS. commersoniiin introgressive hybridisation breeding of potato.
The Influence of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (SC‐CO2) on Electrolytes and Hydrogenation of Soybean Oil
Authors: Yu Dianyu , Li Xiangxin , Wang Yuqi , Zou Dezhi , Hu Lizhi , Zheng Huanyu , Jiang Lianzhou , Wang Liqi , Elfalleh Walid 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe electrochemical hydrogenation of soybean oil with supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO2) has been studied to seek ways for substantial reduction of the trans fatty acids (TFA). The solubility of CO2 in electrolytes and the conductivity of electrolytes were investigated using a self‐made electrochemical hydrogenation reactor. The optimum hydrogenation parameters were assessed. Both the solubility of CO2 in electrolytes and the conductivity of electrolytes increased with increasing CO2 pressure. When the pressure reached a critical point of CO2, the solubility of CO2 expressed as a mole fraction was 0.42 in cathode electrolyte and 0.1 in anode electrolyte. At 8 MPa, the conductivity of electrolytes was 1.5 times higher than that at 2 MPa. When the pressure was higher than the critical point of CO2, the solubility of CO2 in electrolytes and the conductivity of electrolytes reached a stable value. The optimum condition for electrochemical hydrogenation of soybean oil in SC‐CO2 were reaction pressure (8 MPa), reaction temperature (48 °C), current (125 mA), agitation speed (300 rpm), and reaction time (8 h). Fatty acid profile, iodine value, and TFA content were evaluated at the optimum parameters. This investigation showed that the electrochemical hydrogenation of soybean oil in SC‐CO2 was improved. The reaction time was shortened by 4 h, and TFA content was reduced by 35.8% compared to traditional hydrogenation process.
Hyoid myotomy and suspension without simultaneous palate or tongue base surgery for obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Ong Adrian A. , Buttram Jonathan , Nguyen Shaun A. , Platter Dustin , Abidin Michael R. , Gillespie M. Boyd 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveDetermine the effects of hyoid myotomy and suspension (HMS) without concurrent palatal or tongue base sleep surgery for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).MethodPatients with OSA treated with HMS were identified using CPT code (21685) at an academic and private sleep surgery clinic. Those who underwent concurrent palatal or tongue base sleep surgery were excluded. Outcomes included simultaneous procedures, apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI), lowest oxyhemoglobin saturation (LSAT), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS).ResultsNineteen patients with OSA underwent HMS without palatal or tongue base sleep surgery. The average age at surgery was (55.3 ± 13.5) years with a majority of patients being male (71%). Concurrent procedures included the following: torus mandibularis excision (n = 1), endoscopic sinus surgery (n = 4), septoplasty (n = 10), inferior turbinate reduction (n = 12), and nasal valve repair (n = 2). AHI improved significantly from (39.7 ± 21.2) events/h to (22.6 ± 22.7) events/h after HMS (P < 0.01), which represented a 43% reduction. LSAT significantly increased from (82.2% ± 9.9%) to (86.6% ± 6.2%), P < 0.01. There was no improvement in ESS after surgery (8.2 ± 4.4) to (8.3 ± 5.2), P = 0.904. A subset of patients with severe OSA (AHI > 30 events/h) had an improvement in AHI from (49.9 ± 16.6) events/h to (29.1 ± 24.9) events/h, P < 0.01.ConclusionHMS without palatal or tongue base sleep surgery improves OSA severity. It can be considered as a valid option in the treatment of OSA in appropriately‐selected patients.
Multiple melt plumes observed at the Breiðamerkurjökull ice face in the upper waters of Jökulsárlón lagoon, Iceland
Authors: Brandon Mark , Hodgkins Richard , Björnsson Helgi , Ólafsson Jón 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTBreiðamerkurjökull flows from the Vatnajökull ice cap and calves into the Jökulsárlón proglacial lagoon. The lagoon is connected to the North Atlantic Ocean through a 6 m deep narrow channel. Four hydrographic surveys in spring 2012, and a 2011 4-month long temperature and salinity time series of lagoon inflow show that the lake has significantly changed since 1976. Warm saline ocean water enters each tidal cycle and descends below the maximum sampled depths. The lagoon has a surface layer of ice melt, freshwater and Atlantic derived water. Beneath 10 m depth an advective/diffusive balance is responsible for determining the temperature and salinity of the lagoon waters down to ~90 m. To maintain the observed hydrographic structure, we calculate an upwelling of deep water of ~0.2 m d−1. A survey within 30 m of Breiðamerkurjökull showed that the warmest and most saline waters sampled within the lagoon below 10 m depth were adjacent to the glacier face, along with multiple interleaved warm and cold layers. A heat and salt balance model shows that submarine melting along the ice face generates multiple meltwater plumes that are mixed and diluted within 200 m of the ice face.
Should Archaeologists Care about 14C Intercomparisons? Why? A Summary Report on SIRI
Authors: Scott E M , Naysmith P , Cook G T 
Published: June 2017

AbstractRadiocarbon (14C) dating is used widely in many projects as a basis for the creation and testing of chronological constructs. 14C measurements are by their nature complex and the degree of sample pretreatment varies considerably depending on the material. Within the United Kingdom and Europe, there are a number of well-established laboratories and increasingly, archaeologists are not just commissioning new dates, but also using statistical modelling of assemblages of dates, perhaps measured in different laboratories, to provide formal date estimates for their sites. The issue of comparability of measurements (and thus bias, accuracy and precision of measurement) from the diverse laboratories is one which has been the focus of some attention both within the 14C community and the wider user communities for some time. As a result of this but also as part of laboratory benchmarking and quality assurance, the 14C community has undertaken a wide-scale, far-reaching, and evolving program of intercomparisons, to the benefit of laboratories and users alike. This paper summarizes the most recent exercise, the Sixth International Radiocarbon Intercomparison (SIRI).
Becoming the ‘Baddest’: Masculine Trajectories of Gang Violence in Medellín
Authors: BAIRD ADAM 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDrawing upon 40 life-history interviews with gang members in Medellín, Colombia, this paper argues that many young men join gangs to emulate and reproduce ‘successful’ local male identities. The accumulation by the gang of ‘masculine capital’, the material and symbolic signifiers of manhood, and the accompanying stylistic and timely displays of this capital, means that youths often perceive gangs to be spaces of male success. This drives the social reproduction of gangs. Once in the gang, the youths become increasingly ‘bad’, using violence to defend the gang's interests in exchange for masculine capital. Gang leaders, colloquially known asdurosor ‘hard men’, tend to be themás malos, the ‘baddest’. The ‘ganging process’ should not be understood in terms of aberrant youth behaviour; rather there is practical logic to joining the gang as a site of identity formation for aspirational young men who are coming of age when conditions of structural exclusion conspire against them.
ROBUST POLITICAL ECONOMY AND THE PRIORITY OF MARKETS
Authors: Pennington Mark 
Published: June 2017

Abstract:This essay offers a “nonideal” case for giving institutional priority to markets and private contracting in the basic structure of society. It sets out a “robust political economy” framework to examine how different political economic regime types cope with frictions generated by the epistemic limitations of decision-makers and problems of incentive incompatibility. Focusing on both efficiency arguments and distributive justice concerns the essay suggests that a constitutional structure that prioritizes consensual exchange is more likely to sustain a cooperative venture for mutual advantage.
FEASIBILITY FOUR WAYS
Authors: Hamlin Alan 
Published: June 2017

Abstract:Both the idea of feasibility and the role that it might play within political theory are controversial. Recent discussions have attempted to specify an appropriate overall conceptualization of feasibility. This essay offers a more nuanced account of a number of interrelated aspects of feasibility and argues for a more realistic view of feasibility. Four aspects of feasibility are identified and discussed: resource feasibility, value feasibility, human feasibility, and institutional feasibility.