bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The R-process Alliance: Fifth Data Release from the Search for R-process-enhanced Metal-poor Stars in the Galactic Halo with the GTC*
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Avrajit , Ezzeddine Rana , Allende Prieto Carlos , Aria Nima , Shah Shivani P. , Beers Timothy C. , Frebel Anna , Hansen Terese T. , Holmbeck Erika M. , Placco Vinicius M. , Roederer Ian U. , Sakari Charli M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Understanding the abundance pattern of metal-poor stars and the production of heavy elements through various nucleosynthesis processes offers crucial insights into the chemical evolution of the Milky Way, revealing primary sites and major sources of rapid neutron-capture process (r-process) material in the Universe. In this fifth data release from the R-Process Alliance (RPA), we present the detailed chemical abundances of 41 faint (down to V = 15.8) and extremely metal-poor (down to [Fe/H] = −3.3) halo stars selected from the RPA. We obtained high-resolution spectra for these objects with the HORuS spectrograph on the Gran Telescopio Canarias. We measure the abundances of light, α, Fe-peak, and neutron-capture elements. We report the discovery of five carbon-enhanced metal-poor, one limited-r, three r-I, and four r-II stars, and six Mg-poor stars. We also identify one star of a possible globular cluster origin at an extremely low metallicity at [Fe/H] = −3.0. This adds to the growing evidence of a lower-limit metallicity floor for globular cluster abundances. We use the abundances of Fe-peak elements and the α-elements to investigate the contributions from different nucleosynthesis channels in the progenitor supernovae. We find the distribution of [Mg/Eu] as a function of [Fe/H] to have different enrichment levels, indicating different possible pathways and sites of their production. We also reveal differences in the trends of the neutron-capture element abundances of Sr, Ba, and Eu of various r-I and r-II stars from the RPA data releases, which provide constraints on their nucleosynthesis sites and subsequent evolution.
Element Formation in Radiation-hydrodynamics Simulations of Kilonovae
Authors: Magistrelli Fabio , Bernuzzi Sebastiano , Perego Albino , Radice David 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Understanding the details of r-process nucleosynthesis in binary neutron star merger (BNSM) ejecta is key to interpreting kilonova observations and identifying the role of BNSMs in the origin of heavy elements. We present a self-consistent, two-dimensional, ray-by-ray radiation-hydrodynamic evolution of BNSM ejecta with an online nuclear network (NN) up to a timescale of days. For the first time, an initial numerical relativity ejecta profile composed of the dynamical component and spiral-wave and disk winds is evolved including detailed r-process reactions and nuclear heating effects. A simple model for the jet energy deposition is also included. Our simulation highlights that the common approach of relating in postprocessing the final nucleosynthesis yields to the initial thermodynamic profile of the ejecta can lead to inaccurate predictions. Moreover, we find that neglecting the details of the radiation-hydrodynamic evolution of the ejecta in nuclear calculations can introduce deviations of up to 1 order of magnitude in the final abundances of several elements, including very light and second r-process peak elements. The presence of a jet affects element production only in the innermost part of the polar ejecta, and it does not alter the global nucleosynthesis results. Overall, our analysis shows that employing an online NN improves the reliability of nucleosynthesis and kilonova light-curve predictions.
Processing practices and quality of crude palm oil produced on a small scale in Valença, Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Bomfima R.S. , Velasco J. , Cardoso L.A. , Ribeiro C.D.F. , Marinho L.Q.M. , Ribeiro P.R. , De Almeida D.T. 
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to compare the quality of crude palm oils (CPO) produced from different processing methods in Brazil: traditional (T-CPOE), little-mechanized (LM-CPOE) and semi-mechanized extraction (SM-CPOE). A total of 57 CPO samples were studied. The peroxide value (PV), total carotenoids (TC), oxidative stability index (OSI120), deterioration of bleachability index (DOBI), color (CIELab), total polar compounds (TPC) and its fractions, consisting of triacylglycerol polymers (TGP), dimers (TGD), oxidized monomers (oxTGM), diacylglycerols (DAG) and free fatty acids (FFA) were analyzed. Regardless of the extraction method, the PV, TC and OSI120 were found to be 3.1-7.6 meqO2/kg, 375-598 ppm, and 0.6-3.3 h, respectively. T-CPOE samples demonstrated superior quality based on DOBI and TPC. The TPC in the T-CPOE samples were significantly lower (8.7-9.6%) than in the other samples (11.9-18.5%). In all methods, the levels of compounds in the TPC fractions were DAG ≈ FFA > oxTGM > (TGP + TGD). Fruit selection and T-CPOE equipment played crucial roles in reducing oil degradation.
Economic impact of extending reflexed cryptococcal antigenaemia CD4 threshold in South Africa
Authors: Cassim Naseem , Coetzee Lindi-Marie , Da Silva Manuel P. , Glencross Deborah K. , Stevens Wendy S. 
Published: October 2024

Background: Reflexed cryptococcal antigenaemia (CrAg) testing has been offered since 2016 in South Africa, on remnant CD4 specimens, for people with a count 100 cells/μL. Local guidelines recommended extending testing to 200 cells/μL.Objectives: This study assessed the cost per result and annual equivalent costs (AEC) for CD4 counts 100 cells/μL and 100 to 200 cells/μL, as well as determining the cost to find one CrAg-positive case.Method: An ingredients-based costing was used to determine the cost per result. The CrAg detection rate for 100 cells/μL was obtained from operational reports of 2019. For 100 cells/μL to 200 cells/μL, a CrAg detection rate of 2% was assumed. One-way sensitivity analysis determined the impact of varying CrAg detection rates on the cost to find one case. Local data from the Western Cape province, which offers testing for counts of 100 cells/μL to 200 cells/μL, from September 2022 to January 2023, were interrogated to establish detection rates.Results: There were 283 240 (AEC: $1 670 370) specimens with counts of 100 cells/μL and 300 624 (AEC: $1 772 890) with counts of 100 cells/μL to 200 cells/μL. A cost per result of $5.897 was reported. The cost to find one CrAg case ranged from $589.74 to $73.72 for a detection rate of 1% to 8%. Local data for a count of 100 cells/μL to 200 cells/μL revealed a CrAg detection rate of 1.6%.Conclusion: The study findings reveal that extending reflexed CrAg testing to 200 cells/μL would double test volumes with fewer positive cases reported for those with a count of 100 cells/μL to 200 cells/μL.
Novel Case of Streptococcus Mitis-infected Chronic Subdural Hematoma
Authors: Asserson Derek B. , Kassicieh Alexander J , Ghatalia Desna V. , Kassicieh Christian S. , Shah Smit P. , Kazim Syed F. , Cole Kyril L. , Schmidt Meic H. , Bowers Christian A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
Subdural hematoma (SDH) is a common pathology found in neurosurgery. Infected SDH, however, is less common, and reports have typically identified Escherichia coli as the causative organism.

Case Report:
We present here a case of an infected chronic SDH caused by Streptococcus mitis, likely for the first time, following a burn injury in a 40-year-old male patient.

Conclusion:
The workup for infected SDH should now include S. mitis as a possible culprit.
Is chest tube omission safe for patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax scheduled for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery?
Authors: Kim Chang Wan , Park Il Hwan , Byun Chun Sung 
Published: October 2024

Abstract:

AIMS:
Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) is a sudden pleural disease predominantly affecting healthy adolescents and young adults, making it a prevalent thoracic disorder within this demographic. This study evaluated the necessity of preoperative chest tube insertion for PSP patients and reassessed current clinical practices.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective analysis of medical records for individuals aged 14–30 years diagnosed with PSP who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) at Wonju Severance Christian Hospital from January 2016 to December 2022. Patients were categorized retrospectively into two groups based on their initial treatment: Those who had a chest tube inserted and those who did not. We collected and compared clinical data, including demographics, treatment specifics, and outcomes.

RESULTS:
The study included 128 PSP cases. There was no difference in preoperative clinical data between the two groups, and there were no differences in operation time, number of wedge resections, and number of mechanical pleurodesis. However, the use of single-port surgery was significantly higher in the nonchest tube group (P = 0.001). The nonchest tube group had a significantly shorter hospital stay (P < 0.001), attributed to the absence of preoperative chest tube insertions. There were no significant differences in postoperative complications or recurrence rates between the groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
In young PSP patients, proceeding directly to VATS without prior chest tube insertion in stable individuals does not lead to serious complications or negatively affect outcomes. This approach may offer an effective alternative for PSP management.
A Mixed Method Study on Supportive Supervision of Community Health Workers From Central India
Authors: Revadi G , Joshi Ankur , Pakhare Abhijit P. 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Supportive supervision of the Community health workers (CHWs) is critical for their efficient functioning in various health programmes. CHWs in India are supervised by facilitators known as ASHA Sahyogini. Our study aimed to investigate the linkage between the knowledge and skills of CHW facilitators and their CHWs. To understand the problems encountered by the CHW facilitators while assisting their CHWs. Also, to determine the perceptions of CHWs on the nature of supportive supervision of their facilitators.

Materials and Methods:
A mixed-method explanatory study using purposive sampling was conducted in a rural block of Madhya Pradesh (Central India). The CHWs were categorized into relatively high performing (RHP) and relatively low performing (RLP) groups based on their performance-based incentives received during (2017-2018). The quantitative component comprised of self-administered questionnaire and skill assessment while the qualitative component comprised of three focused group discussions with RHP, RLP CHWs and their facilitators.

Results:
The mean (SD) supportive supervision score given by CHW facilitators were found to be significantly associated with CHW’s performance. Problems faced by CHW facilitators while assisting their CHWs resulted from inadequate education of CHWs, insufficient incentives, transport problems and repetitive surveys. While some CHWs perceived to have received good assistance from their facilitators, there were a few who were not dependent on their facilitators and executed duties by themselves.

Conclusion:
CHW’s performance cannot be ascribed completely to the CHW facilitator’s performance. The challenges perceived by CHW facilitators were unmodifiable and required them to strongly motivate and support their CHWs to improve their functionality.
Storage time affects the level and diagnostic efficacy of plasma biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Zhao Lifang , Zhang Mingkai , Li Qimeng , Wang Xuemin , Lu Jie , Han Ying , Cai Yanning 
Published: October 2024

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202508000-00027/figure1/v/2024-09-30T120553Z/r/image-tiffSeveral promising plasma biomarker proteins, such as amyloid-β (Aβ), tau, neurofilament light chain, and glial fibrillary acidic protein, are widely used for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. However, little is known about the long-term stability of these biomarker proteins in plasma samples stored at –80°C. We aimed to explore how storage time would affect the diagnostic accuracy of these biomarkers using a large cohort. Plasma samples from 229 cognitively unimpaired individuals, encompassing healthy controls and those experiencing subjective cognitive decline, as well as 99 patients with cognitive impairment, comprising those with mild cognitive impairment and dementia, were acquired from the Sino Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Decline project. These samples were stored at –80°C for up to 6 years before being used in this study. Our results showed that plasma levels of Aβ42, Aβ40, neurofilament light chain, and glial fibrillary acidic protein were not significantly correlated with sample storage time. However, the level of total tau showed a negative correlation with sample storage time. Notably, in individuals without cognitive impairment, plasma levels of total protein and tau phosphorylated protein threonine 181 (p-tau181)also showed a negative correlation with sample storage time. This was not observed in individuals with cognitive impairment. Consequently, we speculate that the diagnostic accuracy of plasma p-tau181 and the p-tau181 to total tau ratio may be influenced by sample storage time. Therefore, caution is advised when using these plasma biomarkers for the identification of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease. Furthermore, in cohort studies, it is important to consider the impact of storage time on the overall results.
Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment (TPT) in India: A Qualitative Review
Authors: Patel Jay , Sen Abhishek , Rai Sandeep , Shah Harsh , Desai Nisarg 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This review examines TB preventive treatment (TPT) implementation in India, highlighting barriers and potential solutions to improve outcomes under the National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme. Qualitative insights from beneficiaries, healthcare workers and policymakers reveal barriers and facilitators in TPT implementation. Key findings include requirements for strong policy commitment and customised interventions to address system-level barriers such as limited human resources, inadequate infrastructure, treatment adherence issues and community engagement barriers. The findings also revealed to create a responsive system that addresses the specific supportive system to ensure treatment adherence and successful outcomes. The integration of TB infection algorithm in existing TB diagnostic and treatment algorithms and comprehensive active case findings could result in positive outcome in reduction of TB, advancing India’s goal of TB elimination.
The Political Percepion of Time in 11-13 Century Armenian Epigraphy and Manuscript Colophons
Authors: Vardanyan Areg 
Published: October 2024

The article focuses on temporal-political formulae of manuscript colophons and inscritpions from 11-13th century Armenia, a widely used textual component to refer to the rulers of the time. As a multiplicity of titles and designations were empolyed to denote rulers of various “standings”, a special attention is given to the terminological peculiarities in terms of semantics as well the context and the scope. These include imperial power (ashkharhakalowtiwn), tyrannical power (br’nakalowtiwn), and anarchy (anishkhanowtiw) among others. An important aspect of the formulae is the temporal subordination of reference (with more powerful rulers named first and least powerful ones last). One further aspect is the marked difference in perception between kingly and non-kingly powers in Medieval Armenia.
«Խճանկար» մեթոդի կիրառության առանձնահատկությունները
Authors: Հովհաննիսյան Մերի 
Published: October 2024

Մեր ուսումնասիրության նպատակն է հստակորեն սահմանել «Խճանկար» մեթոդը, կանոնները, իրականացման փուլերն ու կիրառման առանձ­նա­հատ­կությունները հայոց լեզվի բուհական դասընթացում: Ուսումնասիրության խնդիրն է բացահայտել «Խճանկարի» սկզբունքների էությունը, նշված մեթոդով իրա­կանացվող աշխատանքի առավելություն­ները, սահմանա­փակումները, մեթոդների կիրառման ժամանակ դրսևորվող մանկավար­ժական խնդիրներն ու դրանց լուծման ուղիները:
Թեմայի շրջանակում առաջադրված խնդրի համապարփակ ուսումնասի­րու­թյան ընթացքում կիրառվել են գիտական ընդհանուր՝ տրամաբանական, ինչպես նաև մասնավոր կամ հատուկ՝ վերլուծության, համեմատության մեթոդներ:
Համագործակցային ուսուցման սկզբունքները՝ փոխազդեցությունն ու փոխուսուցումը, սովորողների ակտիվությունը, համագործակցությունը, ինքնարտահայտման խրա­խու­սումն ու հետադարձ կապը, պայմաններ են ստեղծում սովորողների ակտի­վության, մոտիվացիայի, ինքնարտահայտման, փոխազդեցության ու համագոր­ծակցության համար: «Խճանկարի» տարբեր փուլերում՝ նյութի ուսումնասիրության և տեղեկատվության հավաքում, աշխատանք փորձագիտական ու ուսումնական խմբերում, ավարտական աշխատանք ու ամփոփում, սովորողների համար պայմաններ են ստեղծվում համագործակցության, մտքերի, գաղափարների խրա­խու­սման ու փոխանակման՝ նպատակաուղղվելով ոչ միայն ուսումնական որևէ խնդրի լուծմանը, այլև միջանձնային, սեփական տեսակետն ազատորեն արտահայտելու հմտությունների, իր ու դասընկերոջ աշխատանքը գնահատելու, սովորածը արժևորելու կարողությունների զարգացմանը: Փորձագիտական ու ուսումնական խմբերում սովորողներն աշխատում են միմյանց հետ՝ արտահայ­տե­լով կարծիքներ, փոխանակելով գաղափարներ, որոնք բնորոշվում են ոչ թե մրցակցային, այլ համագործակցային փոխազդեցությամբ: Փորձագիտական խմբի յուրա­քանչ­յուր անդամ իրագործում է իր ուսումնական նպատակներն ու խնդիրները մյուսների աջակցությամբ՝ միևնույն ժամանակ օգնելով նրանց իրագործել իրենց նպատակներն ու խնդիրները: Այս դեպքում համագործակցությունը չի սահմանա­փակվում միայն քննարկումներով, վերլուծություններով և կազմակերպվում է փոխու­սուց­ման սկզբունքներով, որոնք էլ հիմք են դառնում մյուս սկզբունքների՝ ինքնար­տա­հայտման ու հետադարձ կապի ձևավորման ու կիրառման համար:
Իրականացնելով ուսումնասիրությունը՝ հանգել ենք այն եզրակացության, որ «Խճանկար» մեթոդի հնարավորությունները նպաստում են առաջադրված նյութը տարբեր կողմերից ուսումնասիրելուն, լսարանում փոխգործունության, համագործակցության ձևավորմանը, փորձագիտական կարողությունների մշակմանն ու զարգացմանը, միաժամանակ սովորող ու սովորեցնող դառնալուն: Մեթոդի առաջ բերած սահմանափակումները՝ անհրաժեշտ ռեսուրսների ոչ բավարար քանակ, հետաքրքրությունների, աշխատանքի ծավալի ու ժամանակի անհամապատասխանությունը, հնարավոր է հաղթահարել՝ կիրառելով նաև ուսուցման այլ հնարներ:
Neuromarketing Unlocked: Harnessing Brain Science to Decode Consumer Insights
Authors: Rahaman Shafeeq Ur , Kumar Saurabh , Puchakayala Praneeth Reddy Amudala 
Published: October 2024

Purpose: This study aims to highlight the potential applications of neuromarketing tools and technologies including fMRI, EEG, eye-tracking and GSR to explore their effectiveness in enhancing consumer engagement. The study also calls for the establishment of ethical guidelines, data privacy protections and transparency in neuromarketing.
Methodology: In this paper, a systematic literature review and analysis of empirical studies utilizing neuromarketing tools was employed. Relevant case studies were selected to illustrate the application and effectiveness of neuromarketing tools. Ethical concerns like consumer manipulation, informed consent, and the protection of vulnerable populations were also reviewed.
Findings: The study identifies the potency of neuromarketing tools in enhancing consumer insights by targeting subconscious responses. Different real-time cases demonstrate the integrity of various tools of neuromarketing in marketing campaigns and how this triggered a tremendous change in consumer engagement and loyalty. This paper also seeks to strike a balance between applying neuromarketing approaches and addressing its ethical implications in modern marketing practices.
Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: This study contributes to the evolving field of neuromarketing by depicting the interplay between neuroscience and marketing strategies. It advances the theoretical understanding of how consumer behavior can be scientifically analyzed in direct relation to psychological and emotional drivers that influence decisions. The study also emphasizes the importance of data privacy, informed consent, and transparency in marketing practices.
Vocational rehabilitation and its impact on the quality of life of persons with disabilities – a WHODAS 2.0 survey
Authors: Džambasov Petr , Fricová J. , Brunclíková M. , Jindřichovská Brabencová M. , Remr J. , Ďurďa O. , Gruntová Kolingerová H. 
Published: October 2024

Objective: The article presents the results of research on the impact of vocational rehabilitation on the quality of life of persons with disabilities. In three regions of the Czech Republic, as part of an ESF project (reg. no. CZ.03.3.X/0.0/0.0/17_082/0015504), three experimental vocational rehabilitation centers were established. These centers, in collaboration with the Labor Offi ces, tested the eff ectiveness of innovative vocational rehabilitation methods. Sample and methodology: A total of 123 individuals with various degrees and types of disabilities were included in the intervention group (IG). The quality of life was examined in the IG, i.e., participants in the vocational rehabilitation program provided in cooperation with the pilot vocational rehabilitation centers, who agreed to participate in the research (N = 93). The participants were surveyed using the WHODAS 2.0 questionnaire. The results were compared before entering the vocational rehabilitation (A), at the end of the vocational rehabilitation (B), and for employed participants (N = 59), and also 3 months after starting employment (C). Data collection took place from 2021 to 2022. Results: Participants who maintained employment for at least three months reported an increase in quality of life in all six monitored areas. A signifi cant increase in quality of life was particularly evident in the domains of participation and life activities. Measurable improvement in quality of life did not occur in the domains of mobility and self-care. Issues with mobility and self-care were generally perceived by participants as the least problematic at the project‘s outset. Conclusions: The research results indicate that vocational rehabilitation has a positive impact on improving the quality of life for participants involved. All surveyed participants experienced improvements in life activities (including work-related aspects) and social participation, regardless of whether they maintained employment for at least 3 months or not.
Ética en la inteligencia artificial: análisis de modelos generadores de imágenes
Authors: Gutierrez Sanchez Frank Jhosep , Ávila Rebaza Sergio Fernando , Torres Villanueva Marcelino 
Published: October 2024

Es articulo presentado sobe la ética en la Inteligencia artificial, basándonos en la generación de imágenes, contiene un análisis exhaustivo de los dilemas éticos y prácticos que tienen que ver con las IA. En la introducción, se resalta el impacto generalizado de la IA en la sociedad humana y hacemos énfasis en la importancia de abordar los dilemas éticos que surgen de su uso, distinguiendo en áreas como la toma de decisiones en vehículos autónomos. La metodología planteada incluye la revisión de literatura, la autoevaluación ética utilizando herramientas especializadas y el análisis de casos de estudio para identificar patrones éticos y no éticos. Los resultados logrados revelan que los modelos son capaces de generar imágenes de alta calidad de manera ética, evitando la promoción de estereotipos dañinos. Sim embargo se determina la presencia de sesgos y falta de transparencia en el modelo. Se discuten consideraciones éticas practicas para el uso del modelo en aplicaciones reales, destacando la mayor importancia de abordar estos desafíos para así garantizar un buen desarrollo y aplicación éticos en el rubro de la generación de imágenes con inteligencia artificial.