bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low Temperature Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Diglycolide Using Organocatalysts with PEG as Macroinitiator
Authors: Kemo Viviane Mawamba , Schmidt Christian , Zhang Yufei , Beuermann Sabine 
Published: March 2016

Polyglycolide (PGA) is synthesized via ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of diglycolide using the organocatalysts 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU), 1,5‐diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non‐5‐ene, or 1,5,7‐ triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec‐5‐ene. ROP is carried out at low temperatures ranging from −20 to 50 °C without adding any alcohol as initiator. All polymers are fully soluble in hexafluoroisopropanol. At ambient temperature number average molecular weights up to 27 000 g mol−1 are obtained. With DBU the highest molecular weights and conversions are accessible at −20 °C. Melting temperature and glass transition temperature are independent of PGA molecular weight. Carrying out the reactions in the presence of polyethylene glycol serving as macroinitiator yields polymers with improved thermal stability and lowered melting temperatures.
image
Novel Dual‐Cure Initiating System for Cationic Polymerization of Epoxides
Authors: Maréchal David , Allonas Xavier , Lecompère Maxime , Criqui Adrien 
Published: March 2016

Pyrylium salts are found to be effective initiators for both photochemical and thermal cationic polymerization of epoxy resin. The photopolymerization results show that triphenylpyrylium salt derivatives are the most efficient structures. These compounds also exhibit some thermal reactivity at room temperature in the absence of light. However in such case, the gel time of the resin is quite high. Therefore, to speed up the thermal reaction, nucleophilic compounds are added as coinitiators, these compounds being known to yield a fast decomposition of pyrylium salts. This indeed increases the polymerization of epoxy resin at room temperature, opening the way to the development of quite efficient dual‐cure photochemical/thermal initiating system for cationic polymerization.
image
Designing Multi‐target Compound Libraries with Gaussian Process Models
Authors: Bieler Michael , Reutlinger Michael , Rodrigues Tiago , Schneider Petra , Kriegl Jan M. , Schneider Gisbert 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe present the application of machine learning models to selecting G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR)‐focused compound libraries. The library design process was realized by ant colony optimization. A proprietary Boehringer‐Ingelheim reference set consisting of 3519 compounds tested in dose‐response assays at 11 GPCR targets served as training data for machine learning and activity prediction. We compared the usability of the proprietary data with a public data set from ChEMBL. Gaussian process models were trained to prioritize compounds from a virtual combinatorial library. We obtained meaningful models for three of the targets (5‐HT2c, MCH, A1), which were experimentally confirmed for 12 of 15 selected and synthesized or purchased compounds. Overall, the models trained on the public data predicted the observed assay results more accurately. The results of this study motivate the use of Gaussian process regression on public data for virtual screening and target‐focused compound library design.
Lineage analysis by microsatellite loci deep sequencing in mice
Authors: Luo Tao , He Xionglei , Xing Ke 
Published: March 2016

SUMMARYLineage analysis is the identification of all the progeny of a single progenitor cell, and has become particularly useful for studying developmental processes and cancer biology. Here, we propose a novel and effective method for lineage analysis that combines sequence capture and next‐generation sequencing technology. Genome‐wide mononucleotide and dinucleotide microsatellite loci in eight samples from two mice were identified and used to construct phylogenetic trees based on somatic indel mutations at these loci, which were unique enough to distinguish and parse samples from different mice into different groups along the lineage tree. For example, biopsies from the liver and stomach, which originate from the endoderm, were located in the same clade, while samples in kidney, which originate from the mesoderm, were located in another clade. Yet, tissue with a common developmental origin may still contain cells of a mixed ancestry. This genome‐wide approach thus provides a non‐invasive lineage analysis method based on mutations that accumulate in the genomes of opaque multicellular organism somatic cells. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 387–391, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Risk factors predicting upper urinary tract deterioration in patients with spinal cord injury: A retrospective study
Authors: Çetinel Bülent , Önal Bülent , Can Günay , Talat Zübeyr , Erhan Belgin , Gündüz Berrin 
Published: March 2016

AimsTo determine the risk factors predicting upper urinary tract (UUT) deterioration in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI).MethodsMedical records of 303 SCI patients who referred to the urodynamic unit of a rehabilitation hospital between 1996 and 2003 were retrospectively reviewed. The data included general patient demographics, SCI characteristics, bladder management methods, serum creatinine level, presence of urinary tract infection, indwelling catheter time, radiological findings of upper and lower urinary tract, and video‐urodynamic (VUD) findings. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the risk factors predicting UUT deterioration. ROC analysis was done to determine the cut‐off values of detrusor pressure and cystometric bladder capacity volume predicting UUT deterioration.ResultsComplete data were available on 255 patients. Median patient age was 33 years (18–75). The leading causes of SCI were motor vehicle accidents (40%) and falls (29%). Upper urinary tract deterioration was determined in 63 patients (25%). Abnormal radiological LUT findings, the absence of antimuscarinic drug usage in the history, detrusor pressures greater than 75 cmH2O and cystometric bladder capacity less than 200 ml were found to be independent risk factors in logistic regression analysis. ROC analysis revealed that values ≥75 cmH2O for maximum detrusor pressure, <200 ml for bladder capacity, and >6 months for indwelling catheter time were cutoff values for UUT deterioration.ConclusionAbnormal radiological LUT findings, the absence of antimuscarinic drug usage, detrusor pressures ≥75 cmH2O, and cystometric bladder capacity <200 ml were independent risk factors predicting UUT deterioration SCI patients. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:653–658, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A randomized trial of high‐dairy‐protein, variable‐carbohydrate diets and exercise on body composition in adults with obesity
Authors: Parr Evelyn B. , Coffey Vernon G. , Cato Louise E. , Phillips Stuart M. , Burke Louise M. , Hawley John A. 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveThis study determined the effects of 16‐week high‐dairy‐protein, variable‐carbohydrate (CHO) diets and exercise training (EXT) on body composition in men and women with overweight/obesity.MethodsOne hundred and eleven participants (age 47 ± 6 years, body mass 90.9 ± 11.7 kg, BMI 33 ± 4 kg/m2, values mean ± SD) were randomly stratified to diets with either: high dairy protein, moderate CHO (40% CHO: 30% protein: 30% fat; ∼4 dairy servings); high dairy protein, high CHO (55%: 30%: 15%; ∼4 dairy servings); or control (55%: 15%: 30%; ∼1 dairy serving). Energy restriction (500 kcal/day) was achieved through diet (∼250 kcal/day) and EXT (∼250 kcal/day). Body composition was measured using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry before, midway, and upon completion of the intervention.ResultsEighty‐nine (25 M/64 F) of 115 participants completed the 16‐week intervention, losing 7.7 ± 3.2 kg fat mass (P < 0.001) and gaining 0.50 ± 1.75 kg lean mass (P < 0.01). There was no difference in the changes in body composition (fat mass or lean mass) between groups.ConclusionsCompared to a healthy control diet, energy‐restricted high‐protein diets containing different proportions of fat and CHO confer no advantage to weight loss or change in body composition in the presence of an appropriate exercise stimulus.
Robust static and fixed‐order dynamic output feedback control of discrete‐time parametric uncertain Luré systems: Sequential SDP relaxation approaches
Authors: Kim Kwang‐Ki K. , Braatz Richard D. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryDesign methods are proposed for static and fixed‐order dynamic output feedback controllers for discrete‐time Luré systems with sector‐bounded nonlinearities in the presence of parametric uncertainties described by polytopes. The derived design conditions are represented in terms of bilinear matrix inequalities, which are nonconvex. By using convex relaxation methods, controller design equations are derived for systems with multiple states, outputs, and nonlinearities in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) and iterative LMIs, which are associated with semidefinite programs. The proposed design methods are developed from stability conditions using parameter‐dependent Lyapunov functions, and existing iterative numerical methods are adapted to solve certain classes of nonconvex optimization problems for controller design. Several numerical examples are provided to illustrate and verify the proposed design methods. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Risk of Glioblastoma with TNF Inhibitors
Authors: Guo Michael , Luo Hao , Samii Ali , Etminan Mahyar 
Published: March 2016

PurposeTo quantify the risk of glioblastoma (GBM) and its most aggressive form, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM‐M), in patients treated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors.MethodsData from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) and the World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for International Drug Monitoring were used to perform a disproportionality analysis. We computed reporting odds ratios (RORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals for the association between use of TNF inhibitors (infliximab, adalimumab, etanercept, certolizumab, and golimumab) and GBM or GBM‐M compared to all other drugs with adverse events reported in the databases. A harmful signal was deemed for a lower limit of the 95% confidence interval above 1.ResultsWe identified 81 cases of GBM or GBM‐M with adalimumab in the U.S. FDA FAERS and 49 cases in the WHO drug monitoring database. For infliximab, 40 and 32 cases were identified in the FAERS and WHO databases, respectfully. Infliximab had the highest association with GBM (WHO: ROR = 7.41 (5.19–10.57), FAERS: ROR = 2.80 [1.89–4.15]). Adalimumab was also highly associated with GBM (WHO: ROR = 3.54 [2.58–4.89], FAERS: ROR = 1.99 [1.41–2.80]).ConclusionSeveral TNF inhibitors appear to be more strongly associated with GBM compared to other drugs in both the FAERS and WHO databases. Large epidemiologic studies are needed to confirm these findings. Although these results do not demonstrate a cause‐and‐effect relationship, they warrant further investigation by well‐designed epidemiologic studies.
Maximization of conversion efficiency based on global normal irradiance using hybrid concentrator photovoltaic architecture
Authors: Yamada Noboru , Hirai Daiki 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMaximization of module conversion efficiency based on global normal irradiance (GNI) rather than direct normal irradiance (DNI) was experimentally demonstrated using a hybrid concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) architecture in which a low‐cost solar cell (a bifacial crystalline silicon cell) was integrated with a high‐efficiency concentrator solar cell (III–V triple‐junction cell) to harvest diffuse sunlight. The results of outdoor experiments showed that the low‐cost cell enhanced the generated power by factors of 1.39 and 1.63 for high‐DNI and midrange‐DNI conditions, respectively, and that the resultant GNI‐based module efficiencies were 32.7% and 25.6%, respectively. © 2016 The Authors. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Riverine Landscape Patches Influence Trophic Dynamics of Riparian Ants
Authors: Tagwireyi P. , Sullivan S. M. P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractFood webs in riparian corridors are increasingly viewed as embedded in complex riverine landscapes characterized by an amalgam of aquatic, semi‐aquatic, and terrestrial habitats. However, the influence of riverine landscape pattern on trophic dynamics of riparian consumers remains largely unknown. We used naturally abundant stable isotope ratios (δ15N) to compare trophic structure of ants (Formica subsericea) among riparian patch types (crop, grass/herbaceous, gravel bar, lawn, mudflat, shrub, swamp, and woody vegetation) at 12 riverine landscapes distributed along an urban‐rural landscape gradient of the Scioto River, Ohio, USA. We expected that the diet ofF. subsericea, a common generalist consumer, would reflect local prey availability and thus differences in trophic dynamics among patch types. Mean ant δ15N was higher in crop patches than in any other patch type, and was lowest in grass/herbaceous, lawn, shrub, and woody vegetation patches, suggesting that patch type was associated with trophic position ofF. subsericea. We also found that the range of δ15N, and thus trophic breadth, was significantly different by patch type, with woody vegetation exhibiting the greatest spread. Variability in canopy, tree and shrub cover, and the degree of urban development was positively correlated with δ15N range (R2 = 0.78), pointing to the role of habitat structure in mediating trophic breadth of riparian ants. These findings provide evidence that riverine landscape pattern can strongly influence trophic dynamics of riparian arthropods. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Increasing River Flow Expands Riparian Habitat: Influences of Flow Augmentation on Channel Form, Riparian Vegetation and Birds Along the Little Bow River, Alberta
Authors: Hillman E. J. , Bigelow S. G. , Samuelson G. M. , Herzog P. W. , Hurly T. A. , Rood S. B. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWith river regulation, water withdrawal is common, reducing instream flows. The opposite alteration, flow augmentation, is less common and could reveal a mechanistic coordination between flow regime, channel form, and riparian ecosystems. The Little Bow River, a naturally intermittent prairie stream in Southern Alberta, has experienced flow augmentation since the late 1890s, and the Little Bow/Highwood Project of 2004 enabled a tripling of diversion flows from 2.9 to 8.5 m3/s. We investigated the subsequent responses by assessing the channel form and riparian vegetation based on aerial photographs taken in 2000 versus 2010, and riparian birds were assessed between 2005 and 2013 to investigate associations with riparian vegetation. Following recent flow augmentation, the mean channel width increased from 12.2 to 13.5 m, while sinuosity was relatively unchanged. Streamside zones with true willows (especially Salix exigua and Salix bebbiana) increased from 7 to 11% of the river corridor, and the facultative riparian wolf willow (Elaeagnus commutata) zones increased from 16 to 20%, while grassy zones decreased from 64 to 52%. Avian species richness and Shannon–Wiener index increased, while species evenness was relatively unaltered, suggesting an increase of rarer bird species in response to the increased habitat structure and diversity following the expansion of riparian shrubs and woodland. This study revealed responses to the recent flow augmentation over the first decade of implementation, and alterations following flow augmentation would likely continue for decades until the river and riparian zones adjust to the new flow regime. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vergleich der Tragfähigkeiten und Qualitätsanforderungen vorwiegend ruhend beanspruchter Schweißverbindungen bei Aluminiumtragwerken nach DIN EN 1999‐1‐1 und DIN 4113
Authors: Saal Helmut , Gitter Reinhold 
Published: March 2016

AbstractEs werden Grundwerkstoff‐Schweißzusatzkombinationen verglichen, die in beiden Normen geregelt sind. Als Verbindungen werden Stumpfnähte und einseitige, gleichschenklige, rechtwinklige Kehlnähte behandelt. Der Vergleich konzentriert sich auf die Ausführungsklasse EXC2. Er ergibt, dass die Qualitätsanforderungen in DIN 4113 größer sind als die in DIN EN 1090‐3, wobei jedoch die Unterschiede hinsichtlich der statischen Tragfähigkeit der Schweißnähte unwesentlich sind. Der Vergleich der rechnerischen Tragfähigkeiten zeigt, dass sich bei Stumpfnähten mit Nachweis der Nahtgüte bei gleicher Qualitätsanforderung bemerkenswerte Gewinne gegenüber DIN 4113 ergeben. Die Gegenüberstellung mit den rechnerischen Tragfähigkeiten nach DIN 4113 von Stumpf‐ sowie Kehlnähten ohne Nachweis der Nahtgüte ergibt, dass in der Ausführungsklasse EXC2 bei Stumpfnähten – wie auch bei den Kehlnähten – bei der Ausnutzungsklasse UR2 auf eine zerstörungsfreie Prüfung verzichtet werden kann.Comparison of the load‐bearing capacities of and quality requirements for predominantly statically loaded welded connections of aluminium structures according to DIN EN 1999‐1‐1 and DIN 4113. The comparison is done for combinations of alloy and filler, which are regulated in both standards. It is performed for butt welds and singular rectangular fillet welds with equal leg lengths and focuses on execution class EXC2. The comparison reveals that the quality requirements of DIN 4113 are higher than those of DIN EN 1090‐3. However, the differences are negligible with regard to the load‐bearing capacity of the welds under static loading. The comparison of the design values of the load‐bearing capacities shows that for butt welds with verification of weld quality there is a remarkable benefit with regard to DIN 4113 in the case of equal quality requirements. In the case of non verification of the weld quality of butt welds and fillet welds the comparison with the design load‐bearing capacities according to DIN 4113 reveals that for butt welds in execution class EXC2 – as well as with the fillet welds – in utilization class UR2 non‐destructive testing is dispensable.
Sicherheitsuntersuchungen eines adaptiven Schalentragwerks
Authors: Sobek Werner , Flaig Christine , Haase Walter , Binz Hansgeorg , Crostack Alexander , Herrmann Thorsten , Roth Daniel 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAktive Komponenten sind bislang kein Bestandteil von Sicherheitskonzepten im Bauwesen. Zur Realisierung ultraleichter Strukturen sind aktive Komponenten jedoch unerlässlich. In das Sicherheitskonzept des Ultraleichtbaus müssen deshalb spezielle Aspekte wie Ausfallsicherheit und Notbetrieb aufgenommen werden. Der vorliegende Artikel beschreibt die Bedeutung aktiver Komponenten am Beispiel eines adaptiven Schalentragwerks, das von der durch die DFG geförderten Forschergruppe 981 entwickelt wurde. Er widmet sich hierbei insbesondere der Frage, wie bestehende Sicherheitskonzepte durch den Transfer aus anderen Disziplinen an die Anforderungen des Ultraleichtbaus angepasst werden können. Hierzu werden Methoden der Fehlermöglichkeits‐ und ‐einflussanalyse sowie die Fehlerbaumanalyse vorgestellt. Der erste Teil des Aufsatzes erscheint im vorliegenden Heft – er widmet sich den theoretischen Inhalten der Sicherheitsuntersuchungen und beschreibt die von der Forschergruppe 981 entwickelten Konstruktionselemente. Der zweite Teil des Aufsatzes wird in einer späteren Ausgabe dieser Zeitschrift erscheinen. Er stellt die praktische Umsetzung der im ersten Teil entwickelten theoretischen Erkenntnisse vor.Safety investigations of an adaptive shell structure – Part 1: Basics and theory of the used methods. Until now, safety concepts of the construction industry do not consider the use of active components. However, such components are an essential part of ultralightweight structures. Therefore the special aspects of active components, such as safeguarding against failure and emergency operation mode, have to be included in the safety concept of ultralightweight structures. The present article describes the use of active components using the example of an adaptive shell structure. This shell structure was developed by research unit 981, a research unit funded by DFG (German Research Foundation). The article also proposes an adaptation of existing safety concepts by using approaches from other disciplines. Two well‐known methods, such as fault probability and effect analysis (FMEA) and fault tree analysis (FTA), are presented. Part 1 of the paper (published in this issue) describes theoretical investigations on safety concepts, the adaptive shell structure and the design elements, developed in the framework of the research unit. Part 2 (to be published in an upcoming issue) will provide the results of a practical application of the methods described in the first part.
Vom Stab‐ zum ebenen Flächentragwerk im Stahlbau
Authors: Kurrer Karl‐Eugen 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBekanntlich entstammt die Kastenbauweise der Britannia‐Brücke dem Schiffbau. Ebenso besitzt die orthotrope Fahrbahnplatte in der Konstruktionssprache des Stahlschiffbaus eine Wurzel: Das Längsspantensystem von Joseph William Isherwood (1870–1937) integrierte das Stahlblech mit den Längsrippen und Queraussteifungen; damit konnte die Längsfestigkeit von Schiffen erheblich gesteigert und das Stahlgewicht von Tankschiffen um 15 % bis 20 % gesenkt werden [2, S. 207]. Das Isherwood‐System, das statisch wie eine orthotrope Platte wirkt, setzte sich seit Beginn des zweiten Dezenniums des vorigen Jahrhunderts Schritt für Schritt zuerst im Massenguttransport auf den Großen Seen, dann im Tankschiffbau (Bild 1) und schließlich im gesamten Stahlschiffbau durch.In der Zwischenkriegszeit stieß der Inhaber des Lehrstuhles für Statik der Schiffe und Schiffselemente der TH Berlin, Georg Schnadel (1891–1980) (Bild 2a), international an die Spitze dieser technikwissenschaftlichen Disziplin vor. Zusammen mit Fritz Horn (1880–1972) (Bild 2b), Hermann Föttinger (1877–1945) (Bild 2c), Hans Reissner (1874–1967) (Bild 2d) und Moritz Weber (1871–1951) (Bild 2e) gehörte Schnadel zum Quintett der TH Berlin, das international in der Schiffbauwissenschaft Maßstäbe setzte und den Kern der Berliner Schule der Schiffbauwissenschaft bildete. So forschte der US‐amerikanische Schiffbauingenieur Henry A. Schade (1900–1992) (Bild 2f) bei Professor Schnadel zu Problemen der orthotropen Platte, der mittragenden Breite von Gurten und Plattenbeulung [2, S. 410], die sich in klassischen Arbeiten zur Statik der Schiffe niederschlugen (s. [3] bis [7]). Mit der Herausbildung der Theorie der mittragenden Breite als gemeinsamer Gegenstandbereich von Flugzeugbau, Schiffbau, Stahlbau und Stahlbetonbau ist jene Schnittmenge technikwissenschaftlicher Theoriebildung benannt, die den Übergang vom Stab‐ zum Flächentragwerk einleitete.
miR-126-3p Promotes Matrix-Dependent Perivascular Cell Attachment, Migration and Intercellular Interaction
Authors: Pitzler Lena , Auler Markus , Probst Kristina , Frie Christian , Bergmeier Vera , Holzer Tatjana , Belluoccio Daniele , van den Bergen Jocelyn , Etich Julia , Ehlen Harald , Zhou Zhigang , Bielke Wolfgang , Pöschl Ernst , Paulsson Mats , Brachvogel Bent 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) can regulate the interplay between perivascular cells (PVC) and endothelial cells (EC) during angiogenesis, but the relevant PVC-specific miRNAs are not yet defined. Here, we identified miR-126-3p and miR-146a to be exclusively upregulated in PVC upon interaction with EC, determined their influence on the PVC phenotype and elucidate their molecular mechanisms of action. Specifically the increase of miR-126-3p strongly promoted the motility of PVC on the basement membrane-like composite and stabilized networks of EC. Subsequent miRNA target analysis showed that miR-126-3p inhibits SPRED1 and PLK2 expression, induces ERK1/2 phosphorylation and stimulates TLR3 expression to modulate cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts of PVC. Gain of expression experiments in vivo demonstrated that miR-126-3p stimulates PVC coverage of newly formed vessels and transform immature into mature, less permeable vessels. In conclusion we showed that miR-126-3p regulates matrix-dependent PVC migration and intercellular interaction to modulate vascular integrity.