bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The heated condensation framework as a convective trigger in the NCEP Climate Forecast System version 2
Authors: Bombardi Rodrigo J. , Tawfik Ahmed B. , Manganello Julia V. , Marx Lawrence , Shin Chul‐Su , Halder Subhadeep , Schneider Edwin K. , Dirmeyer Paul A. , Kinter James L. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAn updated version of the Heated Condensation Framework (HCF) is implemented as a convective triggering criterion into the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2). The new trigger replaces the original criteria in both the deep (Simplified Arakawa‐Schubert – SAS) and shallow (SAS based) convective schemes. The performance of the original and new triggering criteria is first compared against radiosonde observations. Then, a series of hindcasts are performed to evaluate the influence of the triggering criterion in the CFSv2 representation of summer precipitation, the diurnal cycle of precipitation, and hurricanes that made landfall. The observational analysis shows that the HCF trigger better captures the frequency of convection, where the original SAS trigger initiates convection too often. When implemented in CFSv2, the HCF trigger improves the seasonal forecast of the Indian summer monsoon rainfall, including the representation of the onset dates of the rainy season over India. On the other hand, the HCF trigger increases error in the seasonal forecast of precipitation over the eastern United States. The HCF trigger also improves the representation of the intensity of hurricanes. Moreover, the simulation of hurricanes provides insights on the mechanism whereby the HCF trigger impacts the representation of convection.
Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Dimethylzinc to Acyl‐N‐methylimidazole Michael Acceptors: Scope, Limitations and Iterative Reactions
Authors: Drissi‐Amraoui Sammy , Schmid Thibault E. , Lauberteaux Jimmy , Crévisy Christophe , Baslé Olivier , de Figueiredo Renata Marcia , Halbert Stéphanie , Gérard Hélène , Mauduit Marc , Campagne Jean‐Marc 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAn efficient copper‐catalyzed enantioselective conjugate addition of dimethylzinc to unsaturated 2‐acyl‐N‐methylimidazoles has been achieved using a chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl‐NHC ligand. The reactions proceed with excellent regioselectivity (1,4 vs. 1,6 and 1,8) in extended conjugated systems to afford the 1,4‐adducts in high enantioselectivities. This regioselectivity could be ascertained by DFT studies highlighting the crucial role of the imidazole ring. Thanks to the development of efficient protocols to regenerate the unsaturated 2‐acyl‐N‐methylimidazole moiety, an iterative process has been developed ultimately leading to 3,5,7 all‐syn or anti‐anti polydeoxypropionate stereodiads.magnified image
Entwicklung von Strom‐Lastprofilen für Schulgebäude und Anwendung für die energetische Bewertung auf Quartiersebene
Authors: Weißmann Claudia , Kumpf Lena , Graubner Carl‐Alexander 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDie Umsetzung der Energiewende stellt eines der wichtigsten Ziele für eine zuverlässige, umweltschonende und wirtschaftliche Energieversorgung in der Zukunft dar. Durch die hohe Fluktuation der Stromerzeugung aus erneuerbaren Energiequellen ist es notwendig, den Strombedarf von Gebäuden in kleinen Zeitschrittweiten zu kennen. Hierfür eignen sich Lastprofile, die die typische Variabilität des Strombedarfs über den Tagesverlauf beschreiben. Für Schulgebäude existierten bislang keine charakteristischen Strom‐Lastprofile. Die Entwicklung dieser Profile für Grundschulen und weiterführende Schulen, basierend auf den Realdaten von 12 Schulgebäuden, wird im Rahmen dieses Artikels erläutert. Hierbei wird zunächst das methodische Vorgehen für die Entwicklung von typtagbezogenen Strom‐Lastprofilen, die der Charakteristik der VDI 4655 Referenzlastprofile ähneln, erläutert. Im Anschluss wird aufgezeigt, wie diese tagesbezogenen Profile zu einem Jahreslastgang für beliebige Klimazonen aggregiert werden können. In einem Fallbeispiel wird abschließend die Anwendung der entwickelten Profile für die energetische Bewertung von Quartieren demonstriert.Development of electricity load profiles for educational buildings and application for district energy assessment. Realizing the turnaround in energy policy is one of the most important goals in achieving a reliable, environmentally friendly and economic energy supply in the future. Because of the high fluctuation of electricity production from renewable energy sources, the energy demand of buildings has to be determined in small time steps. For this purpose load profiles can be applied which describe typical variations in electricity demand over the day. For educational buildings electricity load profiles do not exist yet. The development of such profiles for primary and secondary schools, based on real‐time data of 12 educational buildings, will be described within this paper. First, the methodology for the development of typical day electricity load profiles, which resemble the characteristics of the VDI 4655 reference load profiles, will be explained. After that, it will be illustrated how these daily profiles can be aggregated to a yearly load profile for any desired climate zone. In a final case study the application of the developed profiles for the energetic assessment of an urban district will be demonstrated.
Conferring biological activity to native spider silk: A biofunctionalized protein‐based microfiber
Authors: Wu Hsuan‐Chen , Quan David N. , Tsao Chen‐Yu , Liu Yi , Terrell Jessica L. , Luo Xiaolong , Yang Jen‐Chang , Payne Gregory F. , Bentley William E. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTSpider silk is an extraordinary material with physical properties comparable to the best scaffolding/structural materials, and as a fiber it can be manipulated with ease into a variety of configurations. Our work here demonstrates that natural spider silk fibers can also be used to organize biological components on and in devices through rapid and simple means. Micron scale spider silk fibers (5–10 μm in diameter) were surface modified with a variety of biological entities engineered with pentaglutamine tags via microbial transglutaminase (mTG). Enzymes, enzyme pathways, antibodies, and fluorescent proteins were all assembled onto spider silk fibers using this biomolecular engineering/biofabrication process. Additionally, arrangement of biofunctionalized fiber should in of itself generate a secondary level of biomolecular organization. Toward this end, as proofs of principle, spatially defined arrangement of biofunctionalized spider silk fiber was shown to generate effects specific to silk position in two cases. In one instance, arrangement perpendicular to a flow produced selective head and neck carcinoma cell capture on silk with antibodies complexed to conjugated protein G. In a second scenario, asymmetric bacterial chemotaxis arose from asymmetric conjugation of enzymes to arranged silk. Overall, the biofabrication processes used here were rapid, required no complex chemistries, were biologically benign, and also the resulting engineered silk microfibers were flexible, readily manipulated and functionally active. Deployed here in microfluidic environments, biofunctional spider silk fiber provides a means to convey complex biological functions over a range of scales, further extending its potential as a biomaterial in biotechnological settings. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 83–95. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION METHOD OF LOW PERMEABLE SANDSTONE PORE STRUCTURE BASED ON NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE (NMR) LOGGING: A CASE STUDY OF Es4 FORMATION IN THE SOUTH SLOPE OF DONGYING SAG
Authors: Jian-Ping YAN , Dan-Ni WEN , Zun-Zhi LI , Bin GENG , Jin-Gong CAI , Qiang LIANG , Yu YAN 
Published: August 2016

AbstractLow permeability sandstone has become an important target of exploration and development for increasing reserves and productions, while the complicated pore structure makes the reservoir and its effectiveness difficult to accurately identify. We used the physical property, mercury injection, and nuclear magnetic data to analyze the pore structure of low permeability sandstone of the Es4 in the south slope of Dongying sag, and divided the pore structure into three different types. Nuclear magnetic T2 spectrum and capillary pressure can reflect the distribution of pore throat to a certain extent. The pseudo capillary pressure curve reconstructed by T2 spectrum with the routine method can be used to invert for the pore radius distribution, but there is a large error between the pore radius distribution and capillary pressure pore‐throat radius distribution. The rock pore free fluid T2 and mercury intrusion pore throat size distribution have a better corresponding relationship. Therefore, this relationship is used to construct the formula for different pore structure types and on different pore scales (large scale: the linear relationship; small scale: power function in different scale). By identifying the pore structure types along the wellbore profile, we can further determine the pore radius distribution using NML data without building the pseudo capillary curve. And this method not only supply a direct evidence for efficiency evaluation of low permeability sandstone reservoir, but also play an important role in the exploration of quantitative inversion of the pore radius distribution on a micro‐scale.
Expression of p16INK4A in cervical precancerous lesions is unlikely to be preventable by human papillomavirus vaccines
Authors: Badiga Suguna , Chambers Michelle M. , Huh Warner , Eltoum Isam‐Eldin A. , Piyathilake Chandrika J. 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUNDWhether higher grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN grade 2 or greater [CIN ≥ 2]) that develops because of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes not included in vaccines may progress to cervical cancer is largely unknown. The objectives of this study were to document expression of the cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (p16) tumor‐suppressor protein p16INK4A as a biomarker of cervical carcinogenesis or of malignant potential and to evaluate whether its expression differs between lesions associated with vaccine and nonvaccine high‐risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes.METHODSThe study population consisted of 371 women who had not received HPV vaccines. Women were categorized into vaccine and nonvaccine HR‐HPV genotypes and lesions associated with those types. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association between positive expression p16INK4A and the risk of being diagnosed with CIN 2 or CIN 3. Differences in the proportion of CIN ≥2 lesions that were positive for p16INK4A expression by vaccine‐related or nonvaccine‐related HR‐HPV genotype were determined using the Pearson chi‐square test.RESULTSSpecimens that were positive for p16INK4A expression were 5.3 and 16.6 times more likely to be diagnosed as CIN 2 and CIN 3 lesions, respectively, compared to CIN 1 lesions. CIN ≥ 2 lesions that were negative for the bivalent and 9‐valent HR‐HPV genotypes had similar rates of positive p16INK4A expression compared with lesions that were positive for those HR‐HPV genotypes.CONCLUSIONSLesions that may develop because of HR‐HPV genotypes not included in HPV vaccines are likely to have similar malignant potential, suggesting that well developed screening programs combined with nonvaccine‐based approaches may be needed to manage the residual risk of developing cervical cancer in the post‐HPV vaccination era. Cancer 2016;122:3615‐23. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Analysis and Purification of Mouse Intestinal Dendritic Cell and Macrophage Subsets by Flow Cytometry
Authors: Koscsó Balázs , Bogunovic Milena 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe unit presents a method for analysis of intestinal dendritic cell (DC) and macrophage subsets by flow cytometry in the single cell suspension prepared from the mouse small and large intestine (Basic Protocol). describes a strategy to enrich the hematopoietic cell fraction in the sample by Percoll gradient centrifugation, and describes preparation of single cell suspensions from specific tissue layers of the small intestine, such as the epithelium, villi mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis externa. Finally, Support Protocol explains how to purify specific intestinal DC and macrophage subsets by flow‐cytometry‐based cell sorting. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Designing and Applying Proximity‐Dependent Hybridization Chain Reaction
Authors: Koos Björn , Söderberg Ola 
Published: August 2016

AbstractProximity‐dependent hybridization chain reaction (proxHCR) is a novel technique for detection of protein interaction, post‐translational modifications (PTMs), or protein expression. The method is based upon antibodies targeting the proteins of interest that are covalently conjugated to DNA oligonucleotides, which enables the induction of a hybridization chain reaction (HCR) to generate a fluorescent signal visible under a microscope. In contrast to the in situ proximity ligation assay (in situ PLA), which is another method that utilizes antibody‐DNA conjugates to detect protein interactions, proxHCR does not require enzymatic steps. This makes proxHCR an inexpensive alternative to in situ PLA. Another potential advantage might be that proxHCR could more readily be adapted for use in automated staining procedures and in point‐of‐care devices, as all reagents can be stored at room temperature. This unit describes how the oligonucleotide system for proxHCR can be designed and a protocol for how to perform proxHCR is presented. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Cationic Intermixing and Reactivity at the La2Mo2O9/La0.8Sr0.2MnO3−δ Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Electrolyte–Cathode Interface
Authors: Ravella Uday K. , Liu Jingjing , Corbel Gwenaël , Skinner Stephen J. , Lacorre Philippe 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAmong standard high‐temperature cathode materials for solid oxide fuel cells, La0.8Sr0.2MnO3−δ (LSM) displays the least reactivity with the oxide‐ion conductor La2Mo2O9 (LMO), yet a reaction is observed at high processing temperatures, identified by using XRD and focused ion beam secondary‐ion mass spectrometry (FIB‐SIMS) after annealing at 1050 and 1150 °C. Additionally, Sr and Mn solutions were deposited and annealed on LMO pellets, as well as a Mo solution on a LSM pellet. From these studies several reaction products were identified by using XRD and located by using FIB‐SIMS on the surface of pelletised samples. We used depth profiling to show that the reactivity extended up to ∼10 μm from the surface region. If Sr was present, a SrMoO4‐type scheelite phase was always observed as a reaction product, and if Mn was present, LaMnO3+δ single crystals were observed on the surface of the LMO pellets. Additional phases such as La2MoO6 and La6MoO12 were also detected depending on the configuration and annealing temperature. Reaction mechanisms and detailed reaction formulae are proposed to explain these observations. The strongest driving force for cationic diffusion appears to originate from Mo6+ and Mn3+ cations, rather than from Sr2+.
Stream thermal heterogeneity prolongs aquatic‐terrestrial subsidy and enhances riparian spider growth
Authors: Uno Hiromi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractEmerging aquatic insects from streams are important food sources for riparian predators, yet their availability is seasonally limited. Spatial heterogeneity in stream water temperature was found to spatially desynchronize the emergence timing of aquatic insects, and prolong their flight period, potentially enhancing consumer growth. While a mayfly Ephemerella maculata emergence lasted for 12–22 d in local sites along a river, mayflies emerged 19 days earlier from warmer than cooler sites. Therefore, the overall emergence of E. maculata from the river lasted for 37 d, and adult swarms were observed over that same period in an adjacent reproductive habitat. A feeding experiment with the riparian spider Tetragnatha versicolor showed that a prolonged subsidy, as would occur in a heterogeneous river, led to higher juvenile growth than a synchronous pulsed subsidy of equal total biomass, as would typify a more homogeneous river. Since larger female adult spiders produce more eggs, spiders that received prolonged subsidy as juveniles should achieve higher fecundity. Restoring spatial heterogeneity in streams may benefit not only stream communities but also riparian predators.
The right and the wrong with epilepsy and her science
Authors: Shorvon Simon , Schmidt Dieter 
Published: August 2016

SummaryThis is a commentary and an opinion paper attempting a critical reassessment of the methods and practices of epilepsy research as we see it. The enormous progress in the field of epilepsy in recent years is a cause of celebration. Advances have been made on most fronts, and the position of patients with epilepsy in society has greatly improved. However, there have also been culs‐de‐sac and dead ends of modern science and clinical practice which are also intriguing. It may be true that we can learn more from our mistakes than from our successes. In this opinion paper, we have listed some of the successes and some of the failures of past epilepsy practice, and also areas of current practice and theory which we feel are likely to prove mistaken. The underlying reasons for misdirected practices and theories include, in our view, the influence of fashion, bad science, and the bureaucracies of practice and academic medicine. As a result, some findings are far from objective. Recognition is the first step to remediation, and hopefully future research will minimize some of the pitfalls mentioned in this article and bring the “End of Epilepsy,” as defined and predicted by Oswei Temkin, closer than it is today.
A multiscale hydro‐geochemical‐mechanical approach to analyze faulted CO2 reservoirs
Authors: Nguyen Ba Nghiep , Hou Zhangshuan , Bacon Diana H. , White Mark D. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis paper applies a multiscale hydro‐geochemical‐mechanical approach to analyze faulted CO2 reservoirs using the STOMP‐CO2‐R code that is coupled to the ABAQUS® finite element package. STOMP‐CO2‐R models the reactive transport of CO2 causing mineral composition changes that are captured by an Eshelby‐Mori‐Tanka model implemented in ABAQUS®. A three‐dimensional (3D) STOMP‐CO2‐R model for a reservoir containing an inclined fault was built to analyze a formation containing a reaction network with five minerals: albite, anorthite, calcite, kaolinite, and quartz. A 3D finite element mesh that exactly maps the STOMP‐CO2‐R grid was developed for coupled analyses. The model contains alternating sandstone and shale layers. The impact of reactive transport of CO2 on the geomechanical properties of reservoir rocks are studied in terms of mineral composition changes that affect their geomechanical responses. Simulations assuming extensional and compressional stress regimes with and without coupled geochemistry are performed to study the stress regime effect on the risk of hydraulic fracture. The fault slip is examined as functions of stress regime, geomechanical, geochemical‐mechanical effects, fault inclination, and position. The results show that mineralogical changes due to CO2 injection reduce the permeability and elastic modulus of the reservoir, leading to increased fluid pressure and risk of fracture in the injection location and the caprock seal. Shear failure in the fault leading to fault reactivation was not predicted to occur. However, stress regime, fault inclination, and fault position in light of the coupled hydro‐geochemical‐mechanical analysis have an important impact on the slip tendency factor and elastic fault slip. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sequential epitopes of Dermatophagoides farinae allergens identified using peptide microarray‐based immunoassay
Authors: Cui Yubao , Teng Feixiang , Yu LiLi , Zhou Ying , Wang Nan , Zhang Chengbo , Yang Li 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHouse dust mites produce over 30 proteins proposed to induce immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody production in patients. Continued identification of IgE‐binding epitopes of these allergens is critical to advancing diagnosis and treatment of allergic disease. To identify possible sequential IgE‐binding epitopes of the major‐ and mid‐potency allergens from the house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae by peptide microarray‐based immunoassay, nucleotide sequences of D. farinae allergens (Der f) 1, 2, 4, 5, and 7 were used to generate overlapping peptides covering the full protein sequences minus signal peptides. Short peptides were printed onto microarray chips. Because asthma occurs as a symptom of mite allergy more commonly among children than adults, the peptide chips were exposed to sera pooled from six serum‐positive pediatric patients with D. farinae hypersensitivity and six serum‐negative control children for screening sequential IgE‐binding epitopes by IgE immunolabeling. Higher‐than‐average immunolabel signal intensity was observed for 21 short peptides in the serum‐positive group (P < 0.01). Due to sequence overlap, these 21 signals represented four fragments of Der f 1 (amino acid positions 46–53, 71–78, 99–110, 179–186), three fragments of Der f 2 (15–22, 80–89, 106–113), six fragments of Der f 4 (69–82, 107–116, 225–232, 261–268, 355–365, 483–496), one fragment of Der f 5 (102–109), and three fragments of Der f 7 (32–39, 52–64, 100–107). These findings not only demonstrate the utility of a peptide microarray immunoassay in identifying epitopes for these allergens, but also provide a foundation for future exploration of specific immunotherapies. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(10):792–798, 2016
Preparation of Porous Organogels Using Water Soluble Polymer Templates
Authors: Kabbara Mohamad , Gancheva Teodora , Gazil Olivier , Virgilio Nick 
Published: August 2016

This study presents a new method for the preparation of organogels embedded with interconnected macropores tunable in size from 180 to 700 μm. The gels are molded in porous polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) polymer templates obtained from melt‐processed cocontinuous blends of PVOH and poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL). The blends are subsequently annealed under quiescent conditions to let their morphology coarsen, and are rendered porous by selectively extracting the PCL. After the injection in the PVOH molds and in situ gelling of a dilute solution of an organic liquid and a low molecular weight gelling agent, 12‐hydroxyoctadecanoic acid, the molds are extracted with water. This yields porous organogels with microstructural features corresponding relatively well to those of the original molds, as revealed by X‐ray microtomography. This method allows control over the gels' average pore size, pore interconnectivity, and volume fraction, and is compatible with a variety of organic liquids and low molecular weight gelators.
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