bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genotype, environment, seeding rate, and top‐dressed nitrogen effects on end‐use quality of modern Nebraska winter wheat
Authors: Bhatta Madhav , Regassa Teshome , Rose Devin J , Baenziger P Stephen , Eskridge Kent M , Santra Dipak K , Poudel Rachana 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDFine‐tuning production inputs such as seeding rate, nitrogen (N), and genotype may improve end‐use quality of hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivium L.) when growing conditions are unpredictable. Studies were conducted at the Agronomy Research Farm (ARF; Lincoln, NE, USA) and the High Plains Agricultural Laboratory (HPAL; Sidney, NE, USA) in 2014 and 2015 in Nebraska, USA, to determine the effects of genotype (6), environment (4), seeding rate (3), and flag leaf top‐dressed N (0 and 34 kg N ha−1) on the end‐use quality of winter wheat.RESULTSEnd‐use quality traits were influenced by environment, genotype, seeding rate, top‐dressed N, and their interactions. Mixograph parameters had a strong correlation with grain volume weight and flour yield. Doubling the recommended seeding rate and N at the flag leaf stage increased grain protein content by 8.1% in 2014 and 1.5% in 2015 at ARF and 4.2% in 2014 and 8.4% in 2015 at HPAL.CONCLUSIONThe key finding of this research is that increasing seeding rates up to double the current recommendations with N at the flag leaf stage improved most of the end‐use quality traits. This will have a significant effect on the premium for protein a farmer could receive when marketing wheat. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Environment effects for earliness and grain yield traits in F1 diallel populations of maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Ali Sardar , Khan Naqib Ullah , Khalil Iftikhar Hussain , Iqbal Muhammad , Gul Samrin , Ahmed Sheraz , Ali Naushad , Sajjad Mohammad , Afridi Khilwat , Ali Imtiaz , Khan Shah Masaud 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDFive maize inbred lines, 20 F1 diallel hybrids and two check genotypes were evaluated through genotype × environment interaction (GEI) and GGE biplot for earliness and yield traits at four locations.RESULTSGenotype, environment and GEI showed highly significant differences for all the traits. In total sum of squares, environment and genotype played a primary role, followed by GEI. Larger effects of environment and genotype to total variation influence the earliness and yield traits. However, according to the GGE biplot, the first two principal components (PC1 and PC2) explained 95% of the variation caused by GEI. GGE biplot confirmed the differential response of genotypes across environments. F1 hybrid SWAJK‐1 × FRHW‐3 had better stability, with a good yield, and was considered an ideal genotype. F1 hybrid FRHW‐2 × FRHW‐1 showed more earliness at CCRI and Haripur, followed by PSEV3 × FRHW‐2 and its reciprocal at Swat and Mansehra, respectively. F1 hybrids FRHW‐1 × SWAJK‐1, PSEV3 × SWAJK‐1 and SWAJK‐1 × FRHW‐3 at Mansehra and Swat produced maximum grain yield, followed by SWAJK‐1 × FRHW‐1 and PSEV3 × FRHW‐1 at Haripur and CCRI, respectively.CONCLUSIONOverall, maize genotypes showed early maturity in plain areas (CCRI and Haripur) but higher yield in hilly areas (Mansehra and Swat). © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
The sensory quality of allergen‐controlled, fat‐reduced, salt‐reduced pork‐ostrich sausages during storage
Authors: Guzek Dominika , Głąbska Dominika , Brodowska Marta , Godziszewska Jolanta , Górska‐Horczyczak Elżbieta , Pogorzelska Ewelina , Wojtasik‐Kalinowska Iwona , Wierzbicka Agnieszka 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDNew meat products tailored to consumer health should be characterised by reduced sodium, fat and cholesterol contents and other health‐promoting benefits. However, the food sector's greatest challenge is allergen‐free production. Consumers are not willing to compromise the sensory quality of meat products for health. The aim of the present study was to analyse the influence of the storage time on the physical properties and consumer acceptance of allergen‐controlled, fat‐reduced, salt‐reduced pork‐ostrich sausages. The study focused on pork‐ostrich sausages produced in accordance with a new patented technology, which focused on eliminating cross‐contamination on‐line in the plant, eliminating cross‐contamination after preparation, and eliminating spices with high allergy potential. The production was focused on reducing fat (by approximately 50%) and salt (by approximately 30%) levels.RESULTSNo changes in the texture parameters of the sausage were observed during storage time; however, some changes in colour were observed. There were no significant differences in sensory consumer acceptability of pork‐ostrich sausage after 14 days of storage; thus, it may be stated that the instrumentally assessed differences in colour did not influence consumer acceptance.CONCLUSIONThe applied fat and NaCl reduction in the pork‐ostrich sausages contributed to high consumer ratings and was not correlated with saltiness acceptability. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Exosomes mediate interepithelial transfer of functional P‐glycoprotein in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Nocera Angela L. , Miyake Marcel M. , Seifert Philip , Han Xue , Bleier Benjamin S. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveP‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) drives type‐2 helper T‐cell inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) through unknown posttranslational mechanisms of overexpression. A recent randomized clinical trial demonstrated that inhibition of P‐gp was as effective as oral steroids and biologics in treating CRSwNP. Exosomes are 30‐ to 150‐nm vesicles capable of intercellular membrane protein transfer. The aims of this study were 1) to determine whether CRSwNP mucus exosomes are enriched with P‐gp, and 2) whether exosomal P‐gp can be functionally transferred to autologous epithelial cells as a putative mechanism for the proinflammatory overexpression of P‐gp in CRSwNP.Study DesignInstitutional review board‐approved study in CRSwNP and control patients (n = 10 per group).MethodsP‐gp content of purified mucus exosomes was characterized by transmission electron microscopy and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Epithelial transfer of exosomal P‐gp was determined by time‐lapse fluorescent microscopy and calcein acetoxymethylester functional P‐gp assay.ResultsCD63+/P‐gp+ exosomes were detected in both groups. P‐gp was significantly enriched in CRSwNP exosomes relative to control (median 198.5; interquartile range 123.6–270.5 vs. 74.4; 41.3–95.0 pcg P‐gp/109 exosomes, P = 0.002). Exosomes were absorbed by epithelial cells within 10 minutes, resulting in a significant increase in P‐gp activity in CRSwNP patients relative to control (P = 0.006).ConclusionHere we demonstrate the presence and P‐gp enrichment of mucus‐derived exosomes, or rhinosomes, in CRSwNP. These rhinosomes are capable of rapid intercellular transfer of P‐gp, leading to increased P‐gp function within recipient cells. This represents a novel mechanism for maintaining P‐gp overexpression in CRSwNP, and more generally for interepithelial transfer of other proteins between mucosal epithelial cells.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 127:E295–E300, 2017
Omega‐3 Fatty Acid Grafted PAMAM‐Paclitaxel Conjugate Exhibits Enhanced Anticancer Activity in Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Cells
Authors: Dichwalkar Tanmay , Patel Shraddha , Bapat Samhita , Pancholi Priya , Jasani Neel , Desai Bina , Yellepeddi Venkata K. , Sehdev Vikas 
Published: May 2017

Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers (UGCs) are a leading cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. Paclitaxel (PTX) is frequently used for the treatment of UGCs; however, low bioavailability, reduced solubility, and dose‐dependent toxicity impede its therapeutic use. PAMAMG4.0‐NH2‐DHA is synthesized by linking amine‐terminated fourth‐generation poly(amidoamine) (PAMAMG4.0‐NH2) dendrimers with omega‐3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Next, PAMAMG4.0‐NH2‐DHA‐PTX (DHATX) and PAMAMG4.0‐NH2‐PTX (PAX) conjugates are synthesized by subsequent covalent binding of PTX with PAMAMG4.0‐NH2‐DHA and PAMAMG4.0‐NH2, respectively. 1H‐NMR and MALDI‐TOF analyses are performed to confirm conjugation of DHA to PAMAMG4.0‐NH2 and PTX to PAMAMG4.0‐NH2‐DHA. The cell viability, clonogenic cell survival, and flow cytometry analyses are used to determine the anticancer activity of PTX, PAX, and DHATX in UGC cell lines. The in vitro data indicate that treatment with DHATX is significantly more potent than PTX or PAX at inhibiting cellular proliferation, suppressing long‐term survival, and inducing cell death in UGC cells.
image
Soft Sensor Applications in Industrial Vinylacetate‐ethylene (VAE) Polymerization Processes
Authors: Frauendorfer Eric , Hergeth Wolf‐Dieter 
Published: May 2017

Measuring product properties during vinylacetate‐ethylene (VAE) polymerizations can be difficult due to economic and technical limitations. The use of soft sensors, mathematical methods using available process data (current and historic), can be an effective solution to infer the sought after property and calculate properties not directly measurable. The setup of a soft sensor in an industrial environment for a long term, successful application needs to take into account several additional hurdles. These include the variability of the process, soft factors leading to the acceptance of this tool in production, and the effort needed for long‐term support and maintenance among others. These points are illuminated using the successful development and implementation of a VAE dispersion process based tile adhesive tensile strength soft sensor.
image
Botnet behaviour analysis: How would a data analytics‐based system with minimum a priori information perform?
Authors: Haddadi Fariba , Zincir‐Heywood A. Nur 
Published: May 2017

SummaryBotnets, as one of the most aggressive threats, has used different techniques, topologies, and communication protocols in different stages of their lifecycle since 2003. Hence, identifying botnets has become very challenging specifically given that they can upgrade their methodology at any time. Various detection approaches have been proposed by the cyber‐security researchers, focusing on different aspects of these threats. In this work, 5 different botnet detection approaches are investigated. These systems are selected based on the technique used and type of data used where 2 are public rule–based systems (BotHunter and Snort) and the other 3 use machine learning algorithm with different feature extraction methods (packet payload based and traffic flow based). On the other hand, 4 of these systems are based on a priori knowledge while one is using minimum a priori information. The objective in this analysis is to evaluate the effectiveness of these approaches under different scenarios (eg, multi‐botnet and single‐botnet classifications) as well as exploring how a system with minimum a priori information would perform. The goal is to investigate if a system with minimum a priori information could result in a competitive performance compared to systems using a priori knowledge. The evaluation is shown on 24 publicly available botnet data sets. Results indicate that a machine learning–based system with minimum a priori information not only achieves a very high performance but also generalizes much better than the other systems evaluated on a wide range of botnet structures (from centralized to decentralized botnets).
Evaluation of algorithms to identify delirium in administrative claims and drug utilization database
Authors: Kim Dae Hyun , Lee Jung , Kim Caroline A. , Huybrechts Krista F. , Bateman Brian T. , Patorno Elisabetta , Marcantonio Edward R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the performance of delirium‐identification algorithms in administrative claims and drug utilization data.MethodsWe used data from a prospective study of 184 older adults who underwent aortic valve replacement at a single academic medical center to evaluate the following delirium‐identification algorithms: (1) International Classification of Diseases (ICD) diagnosis codes for delirium; (2) antipsychotics use; (3) either ICD diagnosis codes or antipsychotics use; and (4) both ICD diagnosis codes and antipsychotics use. These algorithms were evaluated against a validated bedside assessment, the Confusion Assessment Method, and a validated delirium severity scale, the CAM‐S.ResultsDelirium occurred in 66 patients (36%), of which 14 (21%) had hyperactive or mixed features and 15 (23%) had severe delirium. ICD diagnosis codes for delirium were present in 15 patients (8%). Antipsychotics were used in 13 patients (7%). ICD diagnosis codes alone and antipsychotics use alone had comparable sensitivity (18% vs. 18%) and specificity (98% vs. 99%). Defining delirium using either ICD diagnosis codes or antipsychotics use, sensitivity improved to 30% with little change in specificity (97%). This algorithm showed higher sensitivity for hyperactive or mixed delirium (64%) and severe delirium (73%). Requiring both ICD diagnosis codes and antipsychotics use resulted in perfect specificity but low sensitivity (6%).ConclusionDelirium‐identification algorithms in claims data have low sensitivity and high specificity. Defining delirium using ICD diagnosis codes or antipsychotics use performs better than considering either type of information alone. This information should inform the design and interpretation of claims‐based comparative effectiveness and safety research. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical insights into the protonation states of active site cysteine and citrullination mechanism of Porphyromonas gingivalis peptidylarginine deiminase
Authors: Zhao Chenxiao , Ling Baoping , Dong Lihua , Liu Yongjun 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTPorphyromonas gingivalis peptidylarginine deiminase (PPAD) catalyzes the citrullination of peptidylarginine, which plays a critical role in the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and gene regulation. For a better understanding of citrullination mechanism of PPAD, it is required to establish the protonation states of active site cysteine, which is still a controversial issue for the members of guanidino‐group‐modifying enzyme superfamily. In this work, we first explored the transformation between the two states: State N (both C351 and H236 are neutral) and State I (both residues exist as a thiolate–imidazolium ion pair), and then investigated the citrullination reaction of peptidylarginine, using a combined QM/MM approach. State N is calculated to be more stable than State I by 8.46 kcal/mol, and State N can transform to State I via two steps of substrate‐assisted proton transfer. Citrullination of the peptidylarginine contains deamination and hydrolysis. Starting from State N, the deamination reaction corresponds to an energy barrier of 18.82 kcal/mol. The deprotonated C351 initiates the nucleophilic attack to the substrate, which is the key step for deamination reaction. The hydrolysis reaction contains two chemical steps. Both the deprotonated D238 and H236 can act as the bases to activate the hydrolytic water, which correspond to similar energy barriers (∼17 kcal/mol). On the basis of our calculations, C351, D238, and H236 constitute a catalytic triad, and their protonation states are critical for both the deamination and hydrolysis processes. In view of the sequence similarity, these findings may be shared with human PAD1–PAD4 and other guanidino‐group‐modifying enzymes. Proteins 2017; 85:1518–1528. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The long unstructured region of Bcl‐xl modulates its structural dynamics
Authors: Priya Prerna , Maity Atanu , Ghosh Dastidar Shubhra 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTBcl‐xl protein has a long unstructured loop attached to its structured region which joins two helices. The necessity to have this unstructured segment in Bcl‐xl is not yet well understood. To what extent the unstructured segment can influence the dynamics of the structured region of protein, with potential to influence the function, has been investigated in this work. Molecular dynamics simulation and principal component analysis show how the loop affects the internal motions of the protein, particularly its ligand binding pocket. Generally an unstructured region in the structure would promote flexibility resulting entropic stability but in contrary, here it narrows down the conformational space of the structured region of protein that could be hypothesized to impact the functional precision. Effects of the loop propagate to the binding pocket through structural rearrangements of polar side chains. The immediate suspicion of possible impact of phosphorylation to modulate the function of the protein is proven to be a fact, as the phosphorylated S49 and S62 located on the large unstructured region are seen to perturb the electrostatic network of the structure; an observation that validates and clarifies the role of loop as a modulator through biophysical and biochemical mechanisms. Proteins 2017; 85:1567–1579. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cyclohexylamine inexplicably induces antennae loss in Formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki): cyclohexylamine hydrogen phosphate salts are novel termiticides
Authors: Grimball Brantley , Veillon Lucas , Calhoun Tara , Fronczek Frank R , Arceneaux Emily , Laine Roger A 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn experiments with Formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus Shirakii), myo‐inositol‐2‐monophosphate as the dicyclohexylammonium salt was tested among other sugar derivatives, and was found to be toxic to C. formosanus when added to a moistened filter paper food source in plastic Petri dishes.RESULTSCuriously, over a nine‐day period, the moniliform (beaded) antenna of C. formosanus deteriorated in a stepwise fashion with the most distal pseudosegment (bead) turning brown and falling off, followed by the penultimate pseudosegment, sequentially, until 7–9 days when only a stub of the antenna remained. Termites became increasingly moribund with the loss of antennae, and quit normal behavior including consuming cellulose food, and died. sn‐Glycerol‐3‐phosphate as the dicyclohexylammonium salt also gave the same results. Dicyclohexylammonium hydrogen phosphate and monocyclohexylammonium dihydrogen phosphate were synthesized, to find a low‐cost form for application to baits, both of which also showed similar toxicity. In a trial with Fibonacci series dilutions of neat cyclohexylamine, the antenna‐affecting activity became apparent in the LD30 (14 days) to LD70 range of concentrations. At the higher concentrations, darkening of the most distal parts of leg extremities was noticed.CONCLUSIONCyclohexylamine appears to be a novel termiticide with a previously unreported mechanism of toxicity. Its hydrogen phosphate salts retain the toxic effect and are inexpensive and easily synthesized. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
A systematic review of local vulnerability to climate change in developing country agriculture
Authors: Crane Todd A. , Delaney Aogán , Tamás Peter A. , Chesterman Sabrina , Ericksen Polly 
Published: May 2017

In the mid‐2000s, several highly‐cited papers called for improving conceptual coherence and methodological transparency in vulnerability research to support greater policy relevance. As reducing vulnerability rises on political agendas, identifying empirically validated measures will become increasingly important in the design and evaluation of multi‐site and multi‐scale programmatic interventions. Using a systematic review methodology, we analyze the current range of conceptual frameworks, operationalizations and research methodologies as used in empirical studies of local‐level vulnerability in agricultural settings. Detailed analysis of theories and methods provides a platform for moving toward reporting that supports valid comparisons between disparate studies. This in turn, enables the design and implementation of empirically‐informed programmatic interventions. The results show that earlier concerns remain relevant. Even the best reported cases do not support aggregated analysis because conceptual ambiguity and methodological heterogeneity renders each study effectively unique. While conceptualization is broadly consolidating around the IPCC framework, declaration of that framework does not predict consistent operationalization. Furthermore, emerging alternative frameworks, especially Vulnerability as Expected Poverty, reveal important limitations of the IPCC framework. Findings also highlight that reporting practices in vulnerability research perpetuate problematic ambiguity. When designing and reporting research, we recommend addressing six key questions that can help specify the objectives of the study: (1) Is this system vulnerable? (2) To what is this system vulnerable? (3) How vulnerable is this system? (4)What is causing this system to be vulnerable? (5) How is vulnerability distributed within the system? (6) What is causing the observed distribution of vulnerability within the system? WIREs Clim Change 2017, 8:e464. doi: 10.1002/wcc.464This article is categorized under:

Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Learning from Cases and Analogies
Malunion of Long‐Bone Fractures in a Conflict Zone in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Bauhahn Grace , Veen Harald , Hoencamp Rigo , Olim Nelson , Tan Edward C. T. H. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntroductionMalunion is a well‐recognized complication of long‐bone fractures which accounts for more than 25% of injuries in conflict zones. The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of malunion sustained by casualties with penetrating gunshot wounds in an International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) surgical substitution project in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and compare these results with current literature.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed. All patients admitted to the ICRC facility between the periods of 01.10.2014 and 31.12.2015 with long‐bone fractures caused by gunshot wound were included, and data were collected retrospectively from the patient’s hospital notes.ResultsA total of 191 fractures caused by gunshot were treated in the DRC at the ICRC surgical substitution project during the study period. On average, the fractures were 3 days old on admission and were all open, with 62% also being comminuted. The ICRC management protocol, which emphasizes debridement, antibiotic prophylaxis and conservative fracture stabilization, was followed in all cases. Forty‐eight percentage of the fractures were finally classified as ‘union without complication’; however, 17% were classified as ‘malunion’.ConclusionsThis study indicates that open long‐bone fractures that are managed by the ICRC surgical substitution project in DRC may have an increased likelihood of malunion as compared to long‐bone fractures treated in developed countries. Patient delay and mechanism of injury may have caused increased rates of infection which are likely behind these increased rates of malunion, alongside the lack of definitive fracture treatment options made available to the surgical team.