bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards valid ‘serious non-fatal injury’ indicators for international comparisons based on probability of admission estimates
Authors: Cryer Colin , Miller Ted R , Lyons Ronan A , Macpherson Alison K , Pérez Katherine , Petridou Eleni Th , Dessypris Nick , Davie Gabrielle S , Gulliver Pauline J , Lauritsen Jens , Boufous Soufiane , Lawrence Bruce , de Graaf Brandon , Steiner Claudia A 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundGovernments wish to compare their performance in preventing serious injury. International comparisons based on hospital inpatient records are typically contaminated by variations in health services utilisation. To reduce these effects, a serious injury case definition has been proposed based on diagnoses with a high probability of inpatient admission (PrA). The aim of this paper was to identify diagnoses with estimated high PrA for selected developed countries.MethodsThe study population was injured persons of all ages who attended emergency department (ED) for their injury in regions of Canada, Denmark, Greece, Spain and the USA. International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9 or ICD-10 4-digit/character injury diagnosis-specific ED attendance and inpatient admission counts were provided, based on a common protocol. Diagnosis-specific and region-specific PrAs with 95% CIs were calculated.ResultsThe results confirmed that femoral fractures have high PrA across all countries studied. Strong evidence for high PrA also exists for fracture of base of skull with cerebral laceration and contusion; intracranial haemorrhage; open fracture of radius, ulna, tibia and fibula; pneumohaemothorax and injury to the liver and spleen. Slightly weaker evidence exists for cerebellar or brain stem laceration; closed fracture of the tibia and fibula; open and closed fracture of the ankle; haemothorax and injury to the heart and lung.ConclusionsUsing a large study size, we identified injury diagnoses with high estimated PrAs. These diagnoses can be used as the basis for more valid international comparisons of life-threatening injury, based on hospital discharge data, for countries with well-developed healthcare and data collection systems.
The tectonic pattern in the Dalradian of the Craignish-Kilmelfort district, Argyllshire
Authors: Knill John Lawrence 
Published: August 2016

Summary
The Dalradian rocks of the Craignish-Kilmelfort district form a part of the easterly dipping western limb of the Loch Awe syncline. The succession comprises phyllites, quartzites, limestones and grits which have been intruded by a large number of basic sills and sheets; this sequence is now in a low-grade metamorphic condition. Folding was initiated about a NNE.–SSW. axis, at first by flexure along the pre-existing bedding surfaces and later by slip along curved planes of slaty cleavage. Continuation of these movements, about the same axis, resulted in the development of a sequence of strain-slip and fracture cleavages; the final strain-slip cleavage is associated with steep E.–W. axial planes. The style and attitude of the minor structures are discussed in relation to the major structure.
Adaptive NK Cells with Low TIGIT Expression Are Inherently Resistant to Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells
Authors: Sarhan Dhifaf , Cichocki Frank , Zhang Bin , Yingst Ashley , Spellman Stephen R. , Cooley Sarah , Verneris Michael R. , Blazar Bruce R. , Miller Jeffrey S. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV)-induced adaptive natural killer (NK) cells display distinct phenotypic and functional characteristics, including properties of immune memory. We hypothesized that these cells may be more resistant to suppression mediated by immunoregulatory cell subsets, making them attractive for use in cancer therapy. Here we report that relative to conventional NK cells, adaptive NK cells express lower levels of the inhibitory receptor T-cell Ig and ITIM domain (TIGIT), which results in resistance to immune suppression mediated by myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), as derived from cytokine induction in normal blood or patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. In contrast, conventional NK cells were potently suppressed by MDSCs, an effect abrogated completely by TIGIT blockade. Mechanistically, TIGIT signaling in NK cells after MDSC coculture led to a decrease in the phosphorylation of ZAP70/Syk and ERK1/2. These effects were reversed by blocking TIGIT on NK cells or by inhibiting production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by MDSCs, the latter of which upregulated the TIGIT ligand CD155 on MDSCs. Accordingly, the blunted cytotoxicity of NK cells cocultured with MDSCs against tumor cells could be reversed by blocking TIGIT or ROS production. Overall, our results show how adaptive NK cells arising in response to CMV infection can escape MDSC-mediated suppression, and defined TIGIT antagonists as a novel type of checkpoint inhibitor to enhance NK-cell–mediated responses against cancer and infection. Cancer Res; 76(19); 5696–706. ©2016 AACR.
Survival of Del17p CLL Depends on Genomic Complexity and Somatic Mutation
Authors: Yu Lijian , Kim Haesook T. , Kasar Siddha N. , Benien Parul , Du Wei , Hoang Kevin , Aw Andrew , Tesar Bethany , Improgo Reina , Fernandes Stacey M. , Radhakrishnan Saranya , Klitgaard Josephine L. , Lee Charles , Getz Gad , Setlur Sunita R. , Brown Jennifer R. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Purpose: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with 17p deletion typically progresses quickly and is refractory to most conventional therapies. However, some del(17p) patients do not progress for years, suggesting that del(17p) is not the only driving event in CLL progression. We hypothesize that other concomitant genetic abnormalities underlie the clinical heterogeneity of del(17p) CLL.
Experimental Design: We profiled the somatic mutations and copy number alterations (CNA) in a large group of del(17p) CLLs as well as wild-type CLL and analyzed the genetic basis of their clinical heterogeneity.
Results: We found that increased somatic mutation number associates with poor overall survival independent of 17p deletion (P = 0.003). TP53 mutation was present in 81% of del(17p) CLL, mostly clonal (82%), and clonal mutations with del(17p) exhibit shorter overall survival than subclonal mutations with del(17p) (P = 0.019). Del(17p) CLL has a unique driver mutation profile, including NOTCH1 (15%), RPS15 (12%), DDX3X (8%), and GPS2 (6%). We found that about half of del(17p) CLL cases have recurrent deletions at 3p, 4p, or 9p and that any of these deletions significantly predicts shorter overall survival. In addition, the number of CNAs, but not somatic mutations, predicts shorter time to treatment among patients untreated at sampling. Indolent del(17p) CLLs were characterized by absent or subclonal TP53 mutation and few CNAs, with no difference in somatic mutation number.
Conclusions: We conclude that del(17p) has a unique genomic profile and that clonal TP53 mutations, 3p, 4p, or 9p deletions, and genomic complexity are associated with shorter overall survival. Clin Cancer Res; 23(3); 735–45. ©2016 AACR.
Assessing Computational Fractional Flow Reserve From Optical Coherence Tomography in Patients With Intermediate Coronary Stenosis in the Left Anterior Descending Artery
Authors: Ha Jinyong , Kim Jung-Sun , Lim Jaeyeong , Kim Gihoon , Lee Seungwan , Lee Joon Sang , Shin Dong-Ho , Kim Byeong-Keuk , Ko Young-Guk , Choi Donghoon , Jang Yangsoo , Hong Myeong-Ki 
Published: August 2016

Background—
Intravascular optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging provides limited information on the functional assessment of coronary stenosis. We evaluated a new approach to OCT image–based computation modeling, which can be used to estimate the fractional flow reserve (FFR) in patients with intermediate coronary stenosis.

Methods and Results—

Ninety-two patients with intermediate diameter stenosis in the left anterior descending artery underwent both FFR measurement with pressure wires and OCT examination. Using the OCT data, a computational fluid dynamics algorithm was used to calculate the computational FFR (FFR
OCT
). The diagnostic performance of the FFR
OCT
was assessed based on the pressure wire–based FFR. The median FFR and FFR
OCT
values were 0.86 (0.79–0.89) and 0.89 (0.82–0.94), respectively. The average diameter stenosis in quantitative coronary angiography and area stenosis in OCT were 58.1±13.4% and 67.5±13.5%, respectively. The FFR
OCT
was better correlated to the FFR than were the anatomic variables (
r
=0.72;
P
<0.001 versus
r
=0.46;
P
<0.001 for minimal luminal diameter on quantitative coronary angiography or
r
=0.57;
P
<0.001 for minimal lumen area on OCT). When functionally significant stenosis was defined as an FFR cutoff value of ≤0.8, FFR
OCT
resulted in 88.0% accuracy, 68.7% sensitivity, and 95.6% specificity. The positive and negative predictive values were 84.2% and 89.0%, respectively.

Conclusions—

The computation of FFR
OCT
enables assessment not only of anatomic information, but also of the functional significance of intermediate stenosis. This measurement may be a useful approach for the simultaneous evaluation of the functional and anatomic severity of coronary stenosis.
Long‐Term Prognosis of Brugada‐Type ECG and ECG With Atypical ST‐Segment Elevation in the Right Precordial Leads Over 20 Years: Results From the Circulatory Risk in Communities Study (CIRCS)
Authors: Tsuneoka Hidekazu , Takagi Masahiko , Murakoshi Nobuyuki , Yamagishi Kazumasa , Yokoyama Yasuhiro , Xu DongZhu , Sekiguchi Yukio , Yamasaki Hiro , Naruse Yoshihisa , Ito Yoko , Igarashi Miyako , Kitamura Akihiko , Okada Takeo , Tanigawa Takeshi , Kuga Keisuke , Ohira Tetsuya , Tada Hiroshi , Aonuma Kazutaka , Iso Hiroyasu ,   for the CIRCS Investigators, Sankai Tomoko , Umesawa Mitsumasa , Chei Choy‐Lye , Yokota Kimiko , Tabata Minako , Imano Hironori , Cui Renzhe , Ikeda Ai , Noda Hiroyuki , Ikehara Satoyo , Muraki Isao , Shimizu Yuji , Ishikawa Yoshinori , Kiyama Masahiko , Nakamura Masakazu , Maeda Kenji , Ido Masatoshi , Konishi Masamitsu , Shimamoto Takashi , Iida Minoru , Komachi Yoshio , Sato Shinichi , Naito Yoshihiko , Ozawa Hideki , Saito Isao , Sakurai Susumu , Hitsumoto Shinichi , Yao Masayuki 
Published: August 2016

Background

Brugada syndrome is recognized as being associated with sudden cardiac death; however, the prevalence of non–type 1 Brugada‐type
ECG
(BrS) or atypical
ST
‐segment elevation in the right precordial leads (
STERP
) and the long‐term prognosis for those patients remain unknown.

Methods and Results

We analyzed standard 12‐lead
ECG
s of 7178 apparently healthy participants (age range 40–64 years) who underwent health checkups from 1982 to 1986 in the Circulatory Risk in Communities Study, a prospective, large, community‐based cohort study in Japan.
ECG
s with J point amplitude ≥0.2 mV in the right precordial leads were divided into 3 groups: (1) type 1 BrS, (2) type 2 or 3 BrS (non‐type 1 BrS), and (3)
STERP
. The others served as the non–
ST
‐segment elevation group. We identified 8 participants (0.1%) with type1 BrS, 84 (1.2%) with non–type 1 BrS, and 228 (3.2%) with
STERP
. During a median follow‐up of 18.7 years (133 987.0 person‐years), sudden cardiac death was observed in no participants (0.0%) with type 1 BrS, in 1 (1.2%) with non–type 1 BrS, in 7 (3.1%) with
STERP
, and in 50 (0.7%) with non–
ST
‐segment elevation. Participants with
STERP
had a markedly elevated risk of sudden cardiac death (multivariable hazard ratio 3.9, 95% CI 1.7–9.0).

Conclusions

STERP
was associated with an elevated risk of sudden cardiac death in a middle‐aged population.
Hemodynamic and Autonomic Response to Different Salt Intakes in Normotensive Individuals
Authors: Castiglioni Paolo , Parati Gianfranco , Lazzeroni Davide , Bini Matteo , Faini Andrea , Brambilla Lorenzo , Brambilla Valerio , Coruzzi Paolo 
Published: August 2016

Background

Even if sodium sensitivity represents a risk factor at any blood pressure (
BP
) level, limited evidence is available that it may influence cardiovascular control in normotensives, particularly in white individuals. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate whether sodium sensitivity alters hemodynamic or autonomic responses to salt in normotensives.

Methods and Results

We evaluated the Sodium‐Sensitivity Index (
SS
‐Index) in 71 white normotensives after 5 days of high‐ and low‐sodium diets. We measured
BP
continuously at the end of each period, estimating hemodynamic indices from
BP
waveform analysis, and autonomic indices from heart rate (
HR
) and
BP
variability. According to the
SS
‐Index distribution, we defined 1 sodium‐sensitive group (
SS
, with
SS
‐Index >15 mm Hg/[mmol·day]), 1 sodium‐resistant group, (unresponsive to sodium load with −15≤
SS
‐Index ≤+15), and 1 inverse sodium‐sensitive group, responsive to sodium by decreasing
BP
, with
SS
‐Index <−15). We compared the effects of the diets among groups, and correlated autonomic/hemodynamic indices with the
SS
‐Index. After sodium loading, a significant decrease in systemic peripheral resistances,
HR
, spectral indices of
BP
modulation, and a significant increase of indices of
HR
vagal modulation were found in the inverse sodium‐sensitive group but not in
SS
normotensives. Moreover, the highest
SS
‐Indices were associated with the lesser vagal
HR
decelerations.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that salt sensitivity in white normotensive individuals is associated with impaired vasodilation and altered autonomic response to dietary salt. Such dysfunction may critically contribute to induce a
BP
response to dietary salt.
Caregiver characteristics and bereavement needs: Findings from a population study
Authors: DiGiacomo Michelle , Hatano Yutaka , Phillips Jane , Lewis Joanne , Abernethy Amy P , Currow David C 
Published: August 2016

Background: Globally, most care for people with life-limiting illnesses is provided by informal caregivers. Identifying characteristics of caregivers that may have unmet needs and negative outcomes can help provide better support to facilitate adjustment. Aim: We compared characteristics, expressed unmet needs and outcomes for spousal caregivers, with other caregivers at the end of life, by gender and age. Design: The South Australian Health Omnibus is an annual, random, face-to-face, cross-sectional survey wherein respondents are asked about end-of-life care. Setting/participants: Participants were aged over 15 years, resided in households in South Australia and had someone close to them die from a terminal illness in the last 5 years. Results: Of the 1540 respondents who provided hands-on care for someone close at the end of life, 155 were widows/widowers. Bereaved spousal caregivers were more likely to be older, female, better educated, have lower incomes, less full-time work, English as second language, sought help with grief and provided more day-to-day care for longer periods. Spousal caregivers were less likely to be willing to take on caregiving again, less able to ‘move on’ with life and needed greater emotional support and information about illness and services. The only difference between widows and widowers was older age of spouse in women. Younger spousal caregivers perceived greater unmet emotional needs and were significantly less likely to be able to ‘move on’. Conclusion: Spousal caregivers are different from other caregivers, with more intense needs that are not fully met. These have implications for bereavement, health and social services.
Arthroscopic Bankart Repair Versus Open Bristow-Latarjet for Shoulder Instability
Authors: Blonna Davide , Bellato Enrico , Caranzano Francesco , Assom Marco , Rossi Roberto , Castoldi Filippo 
Published: August 2016

Background: The arthroscopic Bankart repair and open Bristow-Latarjet procedure are the 2 most commonly used techniques to treat recurrent shoulder instability. Purpose: To compare in a case control–matched manner the 2 techniques, with particular emphasis on return to sport after surgery. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A study was conducted in 2 hospitals matching 60 patients with posttraumatic recurrent anterior shoulder instability with a minimum follow-up of 2 years (30 patients treated with arthroscopic Bankart procedure and 30 treated with open Bristow-Latarjet procedure). Patients with severe glenoid bone loss and revision surgeries were excluded. In one hospital, patients were treated with arthroscopic Bankart repair using anchors; in the other, patients underwent the Bristow-Latarjet procedure. Patients were matched according to age at surgery, type and level of sport practiced before shoulder instability (Degree of Shoulder Involvement in Sports [DOSIS] scale), and number of dislocations. The primary outcomes were return to sport (Subjective Patient Outcome for Return to Sports [SPORTS] score), rate of recurrent instability, Oxford Shoulder Instability Score (OSIS), Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV), Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI), and range of motion (ROM). Results: After a mean follow-up of 5.3 years (range, 2-9 years), patients who underwent arthroscopic Bankart repair obtained better results in terms of return to sport (SPORTS score: 8 vs 6; P = .02) and ROM in the throwing position (86° vs 79°; P = .01), and they reported better subjective perception of the shoulder (SSV: 86% vs 75%; P = .02). No differences were detectable using the OSIS or WOSI. The rate of recurrent instability was not statistically different between the 2 groups (Bankart repair 10% vs Bristow-Latarjet 0%; P = .25), although the study may have been underpowered to detect a clinically important difference in this parameter. The multiple regression analysis showed that the independent variables associated with return to sport were preoperative DOSIS scale, type of surgery, and recurrent dislocations after surgery. Patients who played sports with high upper extremity involvement (eg, swimming, rugby, martial arts) at a competitive level (DOSIS scale 9 or 10) had a lower level of return to sport with both repair techniques. Conclusion: Arthroscopic stabilization using anchors provided better return to sport and subjective perception of the shoulder compared with the open Bristow-Latarjet procedure in the population studied. Recurrence may be higher in the arthroscopic Bankart group; further study is needed on this point.
Retentive Cup Arthroplasty in Selected Hip Fracture Patients—A Prospective Series With a Minimum 3-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Yassin Mustafa , Garti Avraham , Khatib Muhammad , Weisbrot Moshe , Robinson Dror 
Published: August 2016

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of the use of retentive cup primary total hip replacement (THR) in high-dislocation risk subcapital fracture patients. Methods: During the years 2008 to 2012, 354 patients with displaced subcapital fracture were operated at our institute. The patients were selected to undergo primary constrained THR according to the following criteria: (1) a preinjury grade 4 or more on the Functional Independence Measure mobility item “5. Locomotion: walking/wheelchair” and grade 4 is defined as “4. Minimal assistance Requiring incidental hands-on help only” (patient performs >75% of the task) and (2) a disease leading to poor motor control. Exclusion criteria were normal muscular control and known infection of the involved joint. Results: Of the 354 patients, 87 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and underwent constrained total hip. Average age was 78 years with a female predominance (73%). Fifteen patients had prior hemiparesis, 19 had Parkinson disease, and 35 had generalized sarcopenia. Eighty-five patients had an uneventful recovery, with an average Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) of 76 ± 7 at 2 years. In 2 patients, the prostheses dislocated. In both cases, the dislocation was due to ring displacement and the inner head dislocated. One case was infected and the patient was treated by a Girdlestone procedure. In the other case, the prosthetic head was revised. The patient remained asymptomatic and at 4-year follow-up had an HOOS of 85. Discussion: It appears that constrained prosthesis is a suitable treatment for patients with poor muscular control having subcapital fractures. The functional results appear to be superior to those of bipolar arthroplasty and similar to the results of primary total hip arthroplasty while the dislocation risk is <3%. Conclusion: Semielective total hip arthroplasty using a retentive cup liner appears to offer good functional results with a low dislocation rate in patients with poor muscular control.
Atypical Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in previously untreated patients with CLL on single-agent ibrutinib
Authors: Ahn Inhye E. , Jerussi Theresa , Farooqui Mohammed , Tian Xin , Wiestner Adrian , Gea-Banacloche Juan 
Published: August 2016

Key Points
Treatment with single-agent ibrutinib can increase susceptibility to PCP in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. Key components of PCP diagnosis are increased clinical suspicion and adequate sampling with diagnostic bronchoscopy.
On the real time modeling of interlocking system of passenger lines of Rawalpindi Cantt train station
Authors: Khan Umar , Ahmad Jamil , Saeed Tariq , Mirza Sikandar Hayat 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Purpose
Recent advancements in technology have enabled railway organizations to shift from manual to computer based automated interlocking systems for increasing their efficiency and profits. Since automated systems are complex and interlocking systems are safety critical systems, these systems should be modeled and verified against safety requirements to weed out any design bugs which might lead to catastrophes during their system life cycles. In this study, we model software based automated interlocking control system of a train station, located at Rawalpindi Cantt (Pakistan).

Methods
We have modeled software based automated interlocking control system using timed automata and verified its correctness using UPPAAL model checking software. Timed automata have successfully been used for the modeling and verification of real-time systems.

Results
We constructed a real-time model of railyard interlocking system by employing a model-checking approach to determine behavior of the model under various conditions. The model checker ascertains the absence of errors in a system by inspecting all the possible states or scenarios of the modeled system. The results show that important properties related to the safety of the designed interlocking system of the railyard management system can be verified using our presented approach. These properties ranged from collision and de-railment avoidance to checking the correct error handling functionality of the timed automata models.

Conclusions
The final modular design can easily adapt to the route upgrades and changes within the station by simple variable adjustments. Based on the laid down methodology and verification techniques, this study can be further built upon, extended and linked to cover the shunting aspect of the train station operations, run through operations, introducing automatic train stop (ATS) functionality and recommend three to four aspect traffic signaling for the train station. This study takes a first step in providing an indigenous solution to an indigenous problem of designing an upgraded and verified signaling infrastructure for Pakistan Railway’s Rawalpindi Cantt train station.