bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sulfur restriction extends fission yeast chronological lifespan through Ecl1 family genes by downregulation of ribosome
Authors: Ohtsuka Hokuto , Takinami Masahiro , Shimasaki Takafumi , Hibi Takahide , Murakami Hiroshi , Aiba Hirofumi 
Published: April 2017

SummaryNutritional restrictions such as calorie restrictions are known to increase the lifespan of various organisms. Here, we found that a restriction of sulfur extended the chronological lifespan (CLS) of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The restriction decreased cellular size, RNA content, and ribosomal proteins and increased sporulation rate. These responses depended on Ecl1 family genes, the overexpression of which results in the extension of CLS. We also showed that the Zip1 transcription factor results in the sulfur restriction‐dependent expression of the ecl1+ gene. We demonstrated that a decrease in ribosomal activity results in the extension of CLS. Based on these observations, we propose that sulfur restriction extends CLS through Ecl1 family genes in a ribosomal activity‐dependent manner.
The Streptomyces O‐B one connection: a force within layered repression of a key developmental decision
Authors: Flärdh Klas , McCormick Joseph R. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThe study of Streptomyces development has made significant advances in the past few years and ongoing work is poised to add even more. One key to advancing the field has been the application of genome‐wide approaches using Streptomyces venezuelae, which is capable of fairly synchronous sporulation in submerged growth conditions. WhiA and WhiB are well‐known transcriptional regulators governing the pathway for spore formation in aerial hyphae. Recent ChIP‐seq and RNA expression analyses indicated that WhiA and WhiB regulate the same set of genes, each being dependent on the presence of the other to exert control. Functional WhiAB is believed to form when developmental accumulation of WhiB joins constitutive accumulation of WhiA, suggesting that an important developmental decision is the control of WhiB accumulation. Now, a new WhiAB‐controlled gene called bldO has been described and characterized. Strikingly, BldO has one target for repression in the entire genome, whiB. BldO now joins pleiotropic repressor BldD to exert a multi‐layer control of the temporal and spatial activity of WhiB. BldD activity is controlled by c‐di‐GMP concentration and BldO potentially responds to an unknown signal. Together BldO and BldD repress developmental genes from being expressed until the appropriate time.
Genome‐wide functional characterization of putative peroxidases in the head blight fungus Fusarium graminearum
Authors: Lee Yoonji , Son Hokyoung , Shin Ji Young , Choi Gyung Ja , Lee Yin‐Won 
Published: April 2017

SummaryReactive oxygen species (ROS) are associated with various developmental processes and host–pathogen interactions in pathogenic fungi. Peroxidases are a group of ROS‐detoxifying enzymes that are involved in the oxidative stress response and in a variety of physiological processes. In this study, we performed a genome‐wide functional characterization of putative peroxidase genes in Fusarium graminearum, a head blight pathogen of cereal crops. We identified 31 putative peroxidase genes and generated deletion mutants for these genes. Twenty‐six of the deletion mutants showed developmental phenotypes indistinguishable from that of the wild‐type, and five deletion mutants exhibited phenotypic changes in at least one phenotypic category. Four deletion mutants, fca6, fca7, fpx1 and fpx15, showed increased sensitivity to extracellular H2O2. Deletion mutants of FCA7 also exhibited reduced virulence and increased trichothecene production compared with those of the wild‐type strain, suggesting that Fca7 may play an important role in the host–pathogen interaction in F. graminearum. To identify the transcription factors (TFs) regulating FCA6, FCA7, FPX1 and FPX15 in response to oxidative stress, we screened an F. graminearum TF mutant library for growth in the presence of H2O2 and found that multiple TFs co‐regulated the expression of FCA7 under oxidative stress conditions. These results demonstrate that a complex network of transcriptional regulators of antioxidant genes is involved in oxidative stress responses in this fungus. Moreover, our study provides insights into the roles of peroxidases in developmental processes and host–pathogen interactions in plant‐pathogenic fungi.
The 50 distal amino acids of the 2AHP homing protein of Grapevine fanleaf virus elicit a hypersensitive reaction on Nicotiana occidentalis
Authors: Martin Isabelle R. , Vigne Emmanuelle , Berthold François , Komar Véronique , Lemaire Olivier , Fuchs Marc , Schmitt‐Keichinger Corinne 
Published: April 2017

SummaryAvirulence factors are critical for the arm's race between a virus and its host in determining incompatible reactions. The response of plants to viruses from the genus Nepovirus in the family Secoviridae, including Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), is well characterized, although the nature and characteristics of the viral avirulence factor remain elusive. By using infectious clones of GFLV strains F13 and GHu in a reverse genetics approach with wild‐type, assortant and chimeric viruses, the determinant of necrotic lesions caused by GFLV‐F13 on inoculated leaves of Nicotiana occidentalis was mapped to the RNA2‐encoded protein 2AHP, particularly to its 50 C‐terminal amino acids. The necrotic response showed hallmark characteristics of a genuine hypersensitive reaction, such as the accumulation of phytoalexins, reactive oxygen species, pathogenesis‐related protein 1c and hypersensitivity‐related (hsr) 203J transcripts. Transient expression of the GFLV‐F13 protein 2AHP fused to an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) tag in N. occidentalis by agroinfiltration was sufficient to elicit a hypersensitive reaction. In addition, the GFLV‐F13 avirulence factor, when introduced in GFLV‐GHu, which causes a compatible reaction on N. occidentalis, elicited necrosis and partially restricted the virus. This is the first identification of a nepovirus avirulence factor that is responsible for a hypersensitive reaction in both the context of virus infection and transient expression.
Severe demyelination in a patient with a late infantile form of Niemann‐Pick disease type C
Authors: Kodachi Tsuyoshi , Matsumoto Shizuko , Mizuguchi Masashi , Osaka Hitoshi , Kanai Nobuyuki , Nanba Eiji , Ohno Kousaku , Yamagata Takanori 
Published: April 2017

Niemann‐Pick disease type C (NPC) is a cholesterol storage disease caused by defective cellular cholesterol transportation. The onset and progression of NPC are variable, and autopsy findings have mainly been reported for the adult and juvenile forms of this disease. Here we report the clinical and pathological findings from a 9‐year‐old female patient with the late infantile form of NPC due to NPC1 gene mutation. She had notable splenomegaly at 4 months of age. She lost the ability to speak at 18 months of age. She learned to walk, but often fell and could no longer walk after 30 months. At 3 years of age, she was diagnosed with NPC. Sequence analysis of the NPC1 gene revealed compound heterozygous mutation of T2108C (F703S) and C2348G (S813X) (both novel). Thereafter, the patient suffered repeated respiratory infections and died of respiratory failure at 9 years of age. Pathological findings included cerebral atrophy (particularly of white matter), severe demyelination, and the loss of neurons from the cerebrum and from the nuclei of the brain stem. Remnant neuronal cells and microglia in the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem had become swollen and foamy. Neurons of the hippocampal CA1 and Purkinje cells were relatively spared, and senile plaques and axonal spheroids were not present. Foamy cells were also observed in other organs, especially the spleen and bone marrow. The F703S mutation in this patient was localized in a sterol‐sensing domain (SSD). Severe neurological phenotypes have been previously reported in patients with missense mutations in an SSD. It is considered that the combination of a nonsense mutation and missense mutation in an SSD was responsible for the severe neurological phenotype of our present patient. While pathological findings of adult/juvenile forms of NPC have included swollen neurons and glia, neuronal cell loss, and NFTs, demyelination may be a predominant finding in the infantile form of NPC.
The potential of genetic engineering of plants for the remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals
Authors: Fasani Elisa , Manara Anna , Martini Flavio , Furini Antonella , DalCorso Giovanni 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe genetic engineering of plants to facilitate the reclamation of soils and waters contaminated with inorganic pollutants is a relatively new and evolving field, benefiting from the heterologous expression of genes that increase the capacity of plants to mobilize, stabilize and/or accumulate metals. The efficiency of phytoremediation relies on the mechanisms underlying metal accumulation and tolerance, such as metal uptake, translocation and detoxification. The transfer of genes involved in any of these processes into fast‐growing, high‐biomass crops may improve their reclamation potential. The successful phytoextraction of metals/metalloids and their accumulation in aerial organs have been achieved by expressing metal ligands or transporters, enzymes involved in sulfur metabolism, enzymes that alter the chemical form or redox state of metals/metalloids and even the components of primary metabolism. This review article considers the potential of genetic engineering as a strategy to improve the phytoremediation capacity of plants in the context of heavy metals and metalloids, using recent case studies to demonstrate the practical application of this approach in the field.
Subfunctionalization of duplicate MYB genes in Solanum commersonii generated the cold‐induced ScAN2 and the anthocyanin regulator ScAN1
Authors: D'Amelia Vincenzo , Aversano Riccardo , Ruggiero Alessandra , Batelli Giorgia , Appelhagen Ingo , Dinacci Claudio , Hill Lionel , Martin Cathie , Carputo Domenico 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWild potato species are useful sources of allelic diversity and loci lacking in the cultivated potato. In these species, the presence of anthocyanins in leaves has been associated with a greater tolerance to cold stress. However, the molecular mechanisms that allow potatoes to withstand cold exposure remain unclear. Here, we show that the expression of AN2, a MYB transcription factor, is induced by low temperatures in wild, cold‐tolerant Solanum commersonii, and not in susceptible Solanum tuberosum varieties. We found that AN2 is a paralog of the potato anthocyanin regulator AN1, showing similar interaction ability with basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) co‐partners. Their sequence diversity resulted in a different capacity to promote accumulation of phenolics when tested in tobacco. Indeed, functional studies demonstrated that AN2 is less able to induce anthocyanins than AN1, but nevertheless it has a strong ability to induce accumulation of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. We propose that the duplication of R2R3 MYB genes resulted in subsequent subfunctionalization, where AN1 specialized in anthocyanin production and AN2 conserved the ability to respond to cold stress, inducing mainly the synthesis of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. These results contribute to understanding the evolutionary significance of gene duplication on phenolic compound regulation.
Endoscopic chemocauterization for pyriform sinus fistula in children
Authors: Yanagisawa Satohiko , Oshio Takehito , Kato Mototoshi , Kano Motohiro , Tsuji Yuki , Morikawa Yasuhide 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundAlthough complete excision is the standard treatment for pyriform sinus fistula (PSF), it has recently been suggested that chemocauterization via the internal orifice of the fistula could be an effective non‐invasive treatment for the condition. The present report describes the details of our experience with and the efficacy of endoscopic chemocauterization for pediatric PSF.MethodBetween January 2010 and June 2015, four patients were diagnosed with PSF and scheduled to undergo endoscopic chemocauterization. Under general anesthesia, trichloroacetic acid (TCA) solution was endoscopically injected through the opening of the fistula using a fine plastic tube. Esophagogram was obtained at 3 weeks after the procedure to search for recurrence. Complete closure of the fistula was confirmed on endoscopy at 2–3 months after chemocauterization.ResultsTwo of the four patients were treated once, and the remaining patients required further chemocauterization procedures. No recurrence developed in any patient after it had been confirmed that the fistula's internal orifice had been obliterated. Some transient complications, such as sore throat, nausea or temporary vocal fold paresis, occurred.ConclusionChemocauterization with TCA seems to be a useful first‐choice treatment for PSF.
Molecular markers provide evidence for a broad‐fronted recolonisation of the widespread calcareous grassland species Sanguisorba minor from southern and cryptic northern refugia
Authors: Tausch S. , Leipold M. , Poschlod P. , Reisch C. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Calcareous grasslands belong to the most species‐rich and endangered habitats in Europe. However, little is known about the origin of the species typically occurring in these grasslands. In this study we analysed the glacial and post‐glacial history of Sanguisorba minor, a typical plant species frequently occurring in calcareous grasslands.

The study comprised 38 populations throughout the whole distribution range of the species across Europe. We used molecular markers (AFLP) and applied Bayesian cluster analysis as well as spatial principal components analysis (sPCA) to identify glacial refugia and post‐glacial migration routes to Central Europe.

Our study revealed significant differences in the level of genetic variation and the occurrence of rare fragments within populations of S. minor and a distinct separation of eastern and western lineages. The analyses uncovered traditional southern but also cryptic northern refugia and point towards a broad fronted post‐glacial recolonisation.

Based on these results we postulate that incomplete lineage sorting may have contributed to the detected pattern of genetic variation and that S. minor recolonised Central Europe post‐glacially from Iberia and northern glacial refugia in France, Belgium or Germany. Our results highlight the importance of refugial areas for the conservation of intraspecific variation in calcareous grassland species.
Adult Pre‐pregnancy Weight Change and Risk of Developing Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy
Authors: Adane Akilew A. , Mishra Gita D. , Tooth Leigh R. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundWhile the association of pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) is well documented, little is known about the relationship between pre‐pregnancy weight change and HDP. We examined the impact of adult pre‐pregnancy weight change on the development of HDP.MethodsWe included 2914 women, surveyed about every three years since 1996, from the 1973–78 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Women without hypertension or HDP were followed‐up between 2003 and 2012. Generalised estimating equations were used to assess the effect of baseline BMI (mean age 20 years) and pre‐pregnancy weight change on the incidence of HDP.ResultsOver 9 years of follow up, 301 incident HDP cases (6.3%) were reported from 4813 pregnancies. Overweight and obese women at the baseline survey were 1.67 (95% CI 1.3, 2.2) and 2.15 (95% CI 1.4, 3.3) times more likely to develop HDP than normal weight women, respectively. Compared with stable weight women, women with small (>1.5–2.5%) or moderate/high (>2.5%) annual weight gain had elevated risk of HDP (RR 1.67 95% CI 1.3, 2.2; RR 2.31, 95% CI 1.8, 3.0, respectively). Women who reported annual weight loss (>1.5%) between baseline and the average age of 24 years were 46% (95% CI 0.4, 0.8) less likely to develop HDP.ConclusionsPre‐pregnancy weight gain is associated with an increased risk of HDP, whereas early adult weight loss is associated with lower risk of HDP.
Simultaneous usage of dementia medications and anticholinergics among Asians and Pacific Islanders
Authors: Schultz Brian R. , Takeshita Junji , Goebert Deborah , Takeshita Steven , Lu Brett Y. , Guilloux Alexandre , Higa Joy 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundThe simultaneous use of dementia medications and anticholinergic medications occurs frequently. Cholinesterase inhibitors and anticholinergic medications likely counteract one another, potentially exposing patients to medications with decreased benefit, more adverse effects, and higher cost of care. We identified the rate of concurrent prescriptions of cholinesterase inhibitors/memantine with anticholinergics in an urban hospital setting with a large Asian and Pacific Islander population.MethodsThis study is a retrospective review of patients hospitalized from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2010 at a general hospital who simultaneously received US Food and Drug Administration‐approved dementia medications (galantamine, rivastigmine, donepezil, and/or memantine) and anticholinergics.ResultsOverall, 304 patients receiving cholinesterase inhibitors/memantine also received anticholinergics. Of these patients, 64.1% were given high‐potency anticholinergic medications, and 35.9% received medium‐potency medications. Indications for the use of anticholinergic medication were urological (17.8%), gastrointestinal excluding nausea (32.6%), nausea (10.2%), psychiatric (7.9%), and other (31.6%). Asian patients received the combination of cholinesterase inhibitors/memantine and anticholinergics less frequently than Native Hawaiian or Caucasian patients (8.4% vs 12.2% and 13.3%, respectively; χ2 = 16.04, degrees of freedom = 2, P < 0.0003).ConclusionsSimultaneous prescribing of cholinesterase inhibitors, memantine, and anticholinergic medications was significantly less common than in previous studies, with some ethnic variability. The less frequent occurrence of concurrent medications in the Asian population may be because of variations in the rate of indications or in tolerability for anticholinergic medications among the population.
Comparison of cellular location and expression of Plakophilin‐2 in epidermal cells from nonlesional atopic skin and healthy skin in German shepherd dogs
Authors: Ardesjö‐Lundgren Brita , Tengvall Katarina , Bergvall Kerstin , Farias Fabiana H.G. , Wang Liya , Hedhammar Åke , Lindblad‐Toh Kerstin , Andersson Göran 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundCanine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is an inflammatory and pruritic allergic skin disease caused by interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Previously, a genome‐wide significant risk locus on canine chromosome 27 for CAD was identified in German shepherd dogs (GSDs) and Plakophilin‐2 (PKP2) was defined as the top candidate gene. PKP2 constitutes a crucial component of desmosomes and also is important in signalling, metabolic and transcriptional activities.ObjectivesThe main objective was to evaluate the role of PKP2 in CAD by investigating PKP2 expression and desmosome structure in nonlesional skin from CAD‐affected (carrying the top GWAS SNP risk allele) and healthy GSDs. We also aimed at defining the cell types in the skin that express PKP2 and its intracellular location.Animals/MethodsSkin biopsies were collected from nine CAD‐affected and five control GSDs. The biopsies were frozen for immunofluorescence and fixed for electron microscopy immunolabelling and morphology.ResultsWe observed the novel finding of PKP2 expression in dendritic cells and T cells in dog skin. Moreover, we detected that PKP2 was more evenly expressed within keratinocytes compared to its desmosomal binding‐partner plakoglobin. PKP2 protein was located in the nucleus and on keratin filaments attached to desmosomes. No difference in PKP2 abundance between CAD cases and controls was observed.ConclusionPlakophilin‐2 protein in dog skin is expressed in both epithelial and immune cells; based on its subcellular location its functional role is implicated in both nuclear and structural processes.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Coprinoid Mushroom
Coprinopsis strossmayeri
Authors: Banks Alice M. , Barker Gary L. A. , Bailey Andy M. , Foster Gary D. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

Coprinopsis strossmayeri
is a coprinoid mushroom favoring the habitat of herbivore dung. As a result of this highly competitive environment,
C. strossmayeri
is anticipated to produce a wide array of antimicrobial secondary metabolites (SMs) of potential pharmaceutical importance. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of
C. strossmayeri
.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Diplodia seriata
F98.1, a Fungal Species Involved in Grapevine Trunk Diseases
Authors: Robert-Siegwald Guillaume , Vallet Julie , Abou-Mansour Eliane , Xu Jiabao , Rey Patrice , Bertsch Christophe , Rego Cecilia , Larignon Philippe , Fontaine Florence , Lebrun Marc-Henri 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

The ascomycete
Diplodia seriata
is a causal agent of grapevine trunk diseases. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of
D. seriata
isolate F98.1 (37.27 Mb, 512 contigs, 112 scaffolds, and 8,087 predicted protein-coding genes).
Draft Genome Sequence of Subantarctic
Rhodococcus
sp. Strain 1139
Authors: Nahar Akhikun , Baker Anthony L. , Charleston Michael A. , Britz Margaret L. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

The draft genome sequence of subantarctic
Rhodococcus
sp. strain 1139 is reported here. The genome size is 7.04 Mb with high G+C content (62.3%) and it contains a large number of genes involved in lipid synthesis. This lipid synthesis system is characteristic of oleaginous
Actinobacteria
, which are of interest for biofuel production.
Draft Genome Sequence of Microbacterium oleivorans Strain A9, a Bacterium Isolated from Chernobyl Radionuclide-Contaminated Soil
Authors: Ortet Philippe , Gallois Nicolas , Piette Laurie , Long Justine , Berthomieu Catherine , Armengaud Jean , Barakat Mohamed , Chapon Virginie 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

Here, we present the draft genome sequence of
Microbacterium oleivorans
strain A9, a uranium-tolerant actinobacterium which has been isolated from radionuclide-contaminated soil from the Chernobyl exclusion zone. It is composed of 22 contigs totaling 2,954,335 bp and contains 2,813 coding DNA sequences, one cluster of rRNA genes, and 45 tRNA genes.
Genome Sequences of Two Naphthalene-Degrading Strains of Pseudomonas balearica, Isolated from Polluted Marine Sediment and from an Oil Refinery Site
Authors: Salvà-Serra Francisco , Jakobsson Hedvig E. , Busquets Antonio , Gomila Margarita , Jaén-Luchoro Daniel , Seguí Carolina , Aliaga-Lozano Francisco , García-Valdés Elena , Lalucat Jorge , Moore Edward R. B. , Bennasar-Figueras Antoni 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

The genome sequences of
Pseudomonas balearica
strains LS401 (CCUG 66666) and st101 (CCUG 66667) have been determined. The strains were isolated as naphthalene degraders from polluted marine sediment and from a sample from an oil refinery site, respectively. These genomes provide essential data about the biodegradation capabilities and the ecological implications of
P. balearica
.
Genome Sequence of the Fungal Strain 14919 Producing 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl–Coenzyme A Reductase Inhibitor FR901512
Authors: Itoh Hiroya , Matsui Makoto , Kumagai Toshitaka , Arita Masanori , Machida Masayuki , Shibata Takashi 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
Fungal strain 14919 was originally isolated from a soil sample collected at Mt. Kiyosumi, Chiba Prefecture, Japan. It produces FR901512, a potent and strong 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl–coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor. The genome sequence of fungal strain 14919 was determined and annotated to improve the productivity of FR901512.