bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A20 restores phorbol ester‐induced differentiation of THP‐1 cells in the absence of nuclear factor‐κB activation
Authors: Osako Miho , Itsumi Momoe , Yamaguchi Haruka , Takeuchi Hiroaki , Yamaoka Shoji 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA20, also referred to as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)‐induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3), is an ubiquitin‐editing enzyme whose expression is enhanced by NF‐κB activation, and plays an important role in silencing NF‐κB activity. Another well‐known role for A20 is to protect cells from TNFα‐induced apoptosis. Depletion of NF‐κB in differentiating U937 monocytic leukemia cells is known to cause apoptotic cell death; however, much remains to be explored about the molecules that are expressed in an NF‐κB‐dependent manner and which support monocyte‐macrophage differentiation. Using the monocytic cell line THP‐1, and peripheral blood monocytes, we show here a sustained increase in A20 expression during monocyte‐macrophage differentiation, which coincided with high NF‐κB‐dependent transcriptional activity. Depletion of NF‐κB by stable expression of a super‐repressor form of IκBα in THP‐1 cells caused remarkable cell death during phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA)‐induced differentiation. A20 expression in these cells did not alter this NF‐κB suppression, but was sufficient to protect the cells and restore the cell surface expression of a differentiation marker (CD11b) and phagocytic activity. Mutational analyses revealed that this A20 activity requires the carboxy‐terminal zinc‐finger domain, but not its deubiquitinase activity. Based on these findings, we conclude that A20, when ectopically expressed, can support both survival and differentiation of THP‐1 cells in the absence of sustained NF‐κB activity.
Atorvastatin ameliorates LPS‐induced inflammatory response by autophagy via AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Han Fei , Xiao Qing‐Qing , Peng Shi , Che Xin‐Yu , Jiang Li‐Sheng , Shao Qin , He Ben 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMacrophages play crucial roles in immune response and atherosclerosis‐related cardiovascular disease. Recent evidence of macrophage autophagy has demonstrated a novel pathway through which contributes to vascular inflammation. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of autophagy in the inhibition of inflammatory response in macrophages by atorvastatin. We found that atorvastatin promoted autophagy flow determined by up‐regulating the expression of autophagy‐related protein microtubule‐associated protein light chain (LC3B), inducing the formation of autophagosomes and down‐regulating the expression of SQSTM1/P62, which is consumed during autophagy. Atorvastatin also inhibited the expression of inflammatory factors IL‐1β and TNFα induced by LPS in RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, pretreatment with an autophagy inhibitor 3MA or LY294002 attenuated the suppressive effect of atorvastatin on LPS‐induced IL‐1β and TNFα expression. Additionally, knockdown autophagy‐related gene 5(Atg5) with a special siRNA also prevented the role of atorvastatin in decreasing IL‐1β and TNFα release induced by LPS. Finally, we detected that AKT/mTOR/P70S6K signaling pathway was involved in atorvastatin‐induced autophagy in macrophages. These data suggest that atorvastatin attenuates LPS‐induced inflammatory factors secretion, at least in part, through enhancing autophagy by AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Our findings provide a novel evidence that statins exert anti‐inflammatory effect in atherosclerosis by autophagy activation.
A study on the biological reference interval of urinary alpha 1‐microglobulin in a group of Chinese people
Authors: Zhang Qian , Jiang Xu , Cui Xiao‐Fan , Liu Rui 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore the possible influences of age and gender on urinary Alpha 1‐Microglobulin (α1‐MG) concentrations and establish specific reference values of urinary α1‐MG in a group of healthy adults.MethodsTwo hundred and ninety‐nine adults (141 males and 158 females) aged 20‐60 were selected and grouped by gender and age. Urinary levels of α1‐MG were detected in morning spot‐urine samples, and statistical analysis was performed to explore the association between urinary α1‐MG and clinical parameters, and the differences between groups were compared. The 95th percentile of distribution was used as the normal upper limit.ResultsThe value of urinary α1‐MG was sex‐dependent (P<0.001), the 95th percentile of urinary α1‐MG of males was 26.4 mg/L, whereas females was 8.6 mg/L. Whereas urinary α1‐microglobulin‐to‐creatinine ratio (α1‐MG/Cr) was both gender‐and age‐dependent (both P<0.001), and age 30 may be the cut‐off point in this study. The 95th percentile of males and females aged 20‐30 was 16.9 mg/g, of males aged 31‐60 was 19.8 mg/g, of females aged 31‐60 was 28.5 mg/g.DiscussionsThe relationship between urinary α1‐MG concentrations and gender, age is different from previous studies. It is recommended that hospitals and laboratories should develop their own α1‐MG reference intervals based on their experimental conditions.
Redefining the psychological autopsy: A proposal for collaboration between forensic pathology and investigative psychology
Authors: Solomon Nadia 
Published: August 2017

AbstractExcepting psychiatry, psychology and medicine remain largely separate disciplines. In forensic inquiries, the psychologist assesses the mind, whereas the pathologist examines the body. Both fields, however, actively participate in the same investigations, albeit from different standpoints, contributing to explorations of crime scene dynamics, identification of offenders, and legal proceedings. In recent years, peer review has become a staple of research, because subjecting work to scrutiny by other experts promotes accuracy. Forensic pathologists would benefit from insights provided by investigative psychology, particularly if asked to apply psychology to their testimony, and integration with forensic pathology may increase the acceptance of empirical profiling evidence in the courtroom. Additionally, incorporation of medical findings—such as wound patterns, evidence of range of fire, and cause of death determinations—could add another level of detail to techniques like smallest space analysis. The following functions as a proposal for the incorporation of forensic pathological findings into investigative psychology research and the application of investigative psychology to forensic pathology practice. Cooperation has the potential to extend the scope of knowledge in both disciplines, to increase their applicability to and acceptance in legal contexts and to maximize the probative value of evidence provided in the court of law.
Motoneuron activity is required for enhancements in functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury in exercised female mice
Authors: Jaiswal Poonam B. , Tung Jack K. , Gross Robert E. , English Arthur W. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractInhibitory luminopsins (iLMO2) integrate opto‐ and chemo‐genetic approaches and allow for cell‐type specific inhibition of neuronal activity. When exposed to a Renilla luciferase substrate, Coelenterazine (CTZ), iLMO2 generates bioluminescence‐mediated activation of its amino‐terminal halorhodopsin, resulting in neuronal inhibition. Moderate daily exercise in the form of interval treadmill‐training (IT) applied following a peripheral nerve injury results in enhanced motor axon regeneration and muscle fiber reinnervation in female mice. We hypothesized that iLMO2 mediated inhibition of motoneuron activity during IT would block this enhancement. Unilateral intramuscular injections of Cre‐dependent AAV2/9‐EF1a‐DIO‐iLMO2 (∼8.5 x 1013 vg/ml) were made into the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles of young female ChAT‐IRES‐Cre mice, thereby limiting iLMO2 expression specifically to their motoneurons. Four to six weeks were allowed for retrograde viral transduction after which a unilateral sciatic nerve transection (Tx) and repair was performed. Animals were randomized into four groups: IT only, IT + CTZ, CTZ only, and untreated (UT). Three weeks post Tx‐repair, the maximal amplitude direct muscle responses (M‐max) in both muscles in the IT only group were significantly greater than in UT mice, consistent with the enhancing effects of this exercise regimen. Inhibiting motoneuron activity during exercise by a single injection of CTZ, administered 30 minutes prior to exercise, completely blocked the enhancing effect of exercise. Similar treatments with CTZ in mice without iLMO2 had no effect on regeneration. Neuronal activity is required for successful enhancement of motor axon regeneration by exercise.
Impact of ET0 method on the simulation of historical and future crop yields: a case study of millet growth in Senegal
Authors: Ramarohetra Johanna , Sultan Benjamin 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTThe reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is an integrated climatic variable from which many crop models derive simulated crop yields. In most of these models, different equations are parameterized leaving the choice of the equation to the user. However, the impact of the choice of the ET0 equations on crop yield prediction has been little studied.The present study proposes a sensitivity analysis of the impact of the choice of the ET0 equation on simulated millet yields using SARRA‐H crop model over 12 Senegalese stations representative of the Sudano‐Sahelian climate conditions of West Africa.Priestley‐Taylor, a modified Priestley‐Taylor and Hargreaves equations lead to simulated yields up to 19% than those calculated using the Penman‐Monteith equation. Despite high biases in wind speed, among the tested methods, the Penman‐Monteith method remains the most robust to derive ET0 and yield over the major part of Senegal, Hargreaves equation being more appropriated under dry climates. The choice of ET0 formulation introduces uncertainties representing 8% of baseline yield regardless of precipitation changes; for wet conditions these uncertainties approach 30% of the overall climate change impact. The choice of ET0 equation is increasingly important, with local temperature changes out to 4 °C, while extreme changes above 6 °C depend less on the ET0 equation.
Stratigraphy, age and correlation of Lepué Tephra: a widespread c. 11 000 cal a BP marker horizon sourced from the Chaitén Sector of southern Chile
Authors: Alloway Brent V. , Moreno Patricio I. , Pearce Nick J. G. , De Pol‐Holz Ricardo , Henríquez William I. , Pesce Oscar H. , Sagredo Esteban , Villarosa Gustavo , Outes Valeria 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTWe describe the stratigraphy, age and correlation of a prominent tephra marker, named Lepué Tephra, extensively distributed in north‐western Patagonia. Lepué Tephra is well dated at c. 11 000 cal a BP from numerous lake and soil cover‐bed sequences and its recognition is useful for assessing the rate and timing of deglaciation as well as associated environmental changes in this region during the last glacial termination and early Holocene. Lepué Tephra has attributes typical of a complex and compositionally zoned phreatomagmatic eruptive. While the initial rhyolitic phase can be readily distinguished from multiple eruptive products sourced from the adjacent Volcán Chaitén, the main erupted end member is of basaltic–andesitic bulk composition − similar to younger tephras sourced from Holocene monogenetic cones adjacent to the Volcán Michimahuida massif (tMim). Lepué Tephra can be correlated to an equivalent‐aged pyroclastic flow deposit (Amarillo Ignimbrite) prominently distributed in the south‐eastern sector of tMim. The source vent for these co‐eruptive events is obscured by an extensive ice field and is currently unknown. The widespread radially symmetrical distribution of Lepué Tephra centred on tMim cannot be attributed solely to volcanological considerations. Reduced Southern Hemisphere westerly wind influence interpreted from climate proxies at the time of eruption are also implicated. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of primary rat nasal epithelial cultures in CFTR knockout rats as a model for CF sinus disease
Authors: Tipirneni Kiranya E. , Cho Do‐Yeon , Skinner Daniel F. , Zhang Shaoyan , Mackey Calvin , Lim Dong‐Jin , Woodworth Bradford A. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveThe objectives of the current experiments were to develop and characterize primary rat nasal epithelial cultures and evaluate their usefulness as a model of cystic fibrosis (CF) sinonasal transepithelial transport and CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) function.Study DesignLaboratory in vitro and animal studies.MethodsCFTR+/+ and CFTR−/− rat nasal septal epithelia (RNSE) were cultured on semipermeable supports at an air–liquid interface to confluence and full differentiation. Monolayers were mounted in Ussing chambers for pharmacologic manipulation of ion transport and compared to similar filters containing murine (MNSE) and human (HSNE) epithelia. Histology and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were completed. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction of CFTR+/+ RNSE, MNSE, and HSNE was performed to evaluate relative CFTR gene expression.ResultsForskolin‐stimulated anion transport (ΔIsc in μA/cm2) was significantly greater in epithelia derived from CFTR+/+ when compared to CFTR−/− animals (100.9 ± 3.7 vs. 10.5 ± 0.9; P < 0.0001). Amiloride‐sensitive ISC was equivalent (−42.3 ± 2.8 vs. −46.1 ± 2.3; P = 0.524). No inhibition of CFTR‐mediated chloride (Cl−) secretion was exhibited in CFTR−/− epithelia with the addition of the specific CFTR inhibitor, CFTRInh‐172. However, calcium‐activated Cl− secretion (UTP) was significantly increased in CFTR−/− RNSE (CFTR−/− −106.8 ± 1.6 vs. CFTR+/+ −32.2 ± 3.1; P < 0.0001). All responses were larger in RNSE when compared to CFTR+/+ and CFTR−/− (or F508del/F508del) murine and human cells (P < 0.0001). Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated 80% to 90% ciliation in all RNSE cultures. There was no evidence of infection in CFTR−/− rats at 4 months. CFTR expression was similar among species.ConclusionThe successful development of the CFTR−/− rat enables improved evaluation of CF sinus disease based on characteristic abnormalities of ion transport.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 127:E384–E391, 2017
Macrolide‐associated sensorineural hearing loss: A systematic review
Authors: Ikeda Allison K. , Prince Anthony A. , Chen Jenny X. , Lieu Judith E. C. , Shin Jennifer J. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesTo investigate the potential association of macrolide antibiotics with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and which agents and dosage may be related. To evaluate whether an optimal treatment exists for reversing SNHL that occurs after macrolide therapy.Study DesignSystematic review of the literature.MethodsComputerized (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library) and manual searches were performed to identify human studies of all ages (patients) who received macrolides (intervention, with or without control) and documented SNHL (outcome). All study designs were assessed. Extracted data included macrolide regimen details, as well as the timing, severity, and reversibility of SNHL with drug cessation alone or with additional medical intervention. Study designs and the associated risk of bias were assessed.ResultsThe 44 publications (3 prospective, 41 retrospective) that met these criteria described 78 cases of audiometrically confirmed SNHL. SNHL was associated with oral and intravenous macrolide administration at standard and elevated doses. SNHL was irreversible in six cases, despite macrolide cessation (n = 5) and oral steroid treatment (n = 1). Irreversible SNHL was observed following 2 to 3 days of exposure. SNHL was reversible with macrolide cessation alone in 70 cases. In two cases, macrolide cessation coupled with oral steroid administration restored hearing. Reversible cases improved within hours to days. Nine studies also described 42 cases of subjective patient‐reported hearing loss. Limitations in the data arose from study design, related comorbidities, and concomitant drug administration.ConclusionSNHL may follow macrolide exposure, even at standard oral doses. Further research is needed to understand the incidence, prevalence, and biological mechanism of its ototoxicity. Laryngoscope, 128:228–236, 2018
Main Issues for Preserving Mediterranean Soil Resources From Water Erosion Under Global Change
Authors: Raclot Damien , Le Bissonnais Yves , Annabi Mohamed , Sabir Mohamed , Smetanova Anna 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSoil resources are important for the socioeconomic development of the Mediterranean area. Their durability may be threatened because of intense erosion processes that result in severe degradation in the field (on‐site effects) and downstream degradation (off‐site effects). Based on the literature and results obtained during several research projects, this paper presents the main lessons and challenges dealing with Mediterranean soil resources under global change. After a review of the main drivers of Mediterranean soil erosion and the main impacts of water erosion processes, the paper highlights that the nature and intensity of active erosion processes are as diverse as the mosaic of the Mediterranean landscape. It then discusses the expected evolution of Mediterranean soil resources under global change and illustrates the prevalent influences of land use (partly depending on climatic constraints) on the evolution of erosion risk and soil vulnerability. Finally, it details some main challenges for the future of Mediterranean soil resources dealing with a better knowledge of factors and processes involved in soil erosion, a better evaluation of soil vulnerability through a combined quantitative and qualitative soil erosion approach, and the need for a site‐specific conservation strategy for Mediterranean soil resources. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Registration of pencil beam proton radiography data with X‐ray CT
Authors: Deffet Sylvain , Macq Benoît , Righetto Roberto , Vander Stappen François , Farace Paolo 
Published: August 2017

PurposeProton radiography seems to be a promising tool for assessing the quality of the stopping power computation in proton therapy. However, range error maps obtained on the basis of proton radiographs are very sensitive to small misalignment between the planning CT and the proton radiography acquisitions. In order to be able to mitigate misalignment in postprocessing, the authors implemented a fast method for registration between pencil proton radiography data obtained with a multilayer ionization chamber (MLIC) and an X‐ray CT acquired on a head phantom.MethodsThe registration was performed by optimizing a cost function which performs a comparison between the acquired data and simulated integral depth‐dose curves. Two methodologies were considered, one based on dual orthogonal projections and the other one on a single projection. For each methodology, the robustness of the registration algorithm with respect to three confounding factors (measurement noise, CT calibration errors, and spot spacing) was investigated by testing the accuracy of the method through simulations based on a CT scan of a head phantom.ResultsThe present registration method showed robust convergence towards the optimal solution. For the level of measurement noise and the uncertainty in the stopping power computation expected in proton radiography using a MLIC, the accuracy appeared to be better than 0.3° for angles and 0.3 mm for translations by use of the appropriate cost function. The spot spacing analysis showed that a spacing larger than the 5 mm used by other authors for the investigation of a MLIC for proton radiography led to results with absolute accuracy better than 0.3° for angles and 1 mm for translations when orthogonal proton radiographs were fed into the algorithm. In the case of a single projection, 6 mm was the largest spot spacing presenting an acceptable registration accuracy.ConclusionsFor registration of proton radiography data with X‐ray CT, the use of a direct ray‐tracing algorithm to compute sums of squared differences and corrections of range errors showed very good accuracy and robustness with respect to three confounding factors: measurement noise, calibration error, and spot spacing. It is therefore a suitable algorithm to use in the in vivo range verification framework, allowing to separate in postprocessing the proton range uncertainty due to setup errors from the other sources of uncertainty.
Motion‐corrected k‐space reconstruction for interleaved EPI diffusion imaging
Authors: Dong Zijing , Wang Fuyixue , Ma Xiaodong , Dai Erpeng , Zhang Zhe , Guo Hua 
Published: August 2017

PurposeTo develop a new approach to correct for physiological and macroscopic motion in multishot, interleaved echo‐planar diffusion imaging.TheoryThis work built on the previous SPIRiT (iterative self‐consistent parallel imaging reconstruction) based reconstruction for physiological motion correction in multishot diffusion‐weighted imaging to account for macroscopic motion. In‐plane rotation, translation correction, data rejection, and weighted combination are integrated in SPIRiT‐based reconstruction to correct for ghosting artifacts, blurring, altered b‐matrix, and residual artifacts caused by motion.MethodsNumerical simulations (one data set was obtained from the Human Connectome Project) and in vivo experiments with deliberate bulk motion were performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Diffusion images and quantitative tensor parameters were calculated to evaluate the correction performance.ResultsThe proposed method provided images with reduced artifacts and diffusion tensors with improved accuracy in both simulations and in vivo experiments. For in vivo experiments with deliberate motion, the percentage error of fractional anisotropy in the genu of the corpus callosum was significantly reduced from 17.01 ± 12.64 to 5.73 ± 3.77 through motion correction.ConclusionsThe proposed method can effectively correct for physiological and macroscopic motion artifacts in multishot interleaved echo‐planar imaging, generate high resolution diffusion images, and improve the accuracy of tensor calculation. Magn Reson Med 79:1992–2002, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
The Quality of Governance in China and Beyond: Introduction to Special Issue
Authors: Gong Ting , Collins Paul , Chan Hon S. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryAs a result of the movement from government to governance, various institutional reforms have taken place across countries to shift powers and responsibilities of government to public and private partnerships or quasi‐government and nongovernment actors. Much has been said about the dynamics and processes of this shift, but its outcomes remain practically obscured and theoretically underexplored. Changing modes of governance does not necessarily lead to improved outcomes. Government service should be assessed not only by quantity but also by quality. For any society, healthy social development is no less important than economic growth and material affluence. As China's case indicates, the ways, processes and results of effective governance in fulfilling social, ethical and environmental responsibilities still remain challenging despite or because of rapid GDP growth, significant expansion of public services and considerable improvement in living standards. China's experience in dealing with a range of governance issues provides both positive and negative lessons for other societies that are facing similar problems. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.