bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of field mass and acceleration on entanglement generation
Authors: Pan Yongjie , Yan Jiatong , Yang Sansheng , Zhang Baocheng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe explore the entanglement dynamics of two detectors undergoing uniform acceleration and circular motion within a massive scalar field, while also investigating the influence of the anti-Unruh effect on entanglement harvesting. Contrary to the conventional understanding of the weak anti-Unruh effect, where entanglement typically increases, we observe that the maximum entanglement between detectors does not exhibit a strict monotonic dependence on detector acceleration. Particularly at low accelerations, fluctuations in the entanglement maxima show a strong correlation with fluctuations in detector transition rates. We also find that the maximum entanglement of detectors tends to increase with smaller field mass. Novelly, our findings indicate the absence of a strong anti-Unruh effect in (3+1)-dimensional massive scalar fields. Instead, thermal effects arising from acceleration contribute to a decrease in the detector entanglement maximum.
Automatic control technology of mechanical equipment based on microelectronic sensing signal control
Authors: Yang Yongjie 
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the research is to implement a master-slave control system for hand virtual-real interaction, which can capture the position, direction and finger joint angle of the user’s hand in real-time. After being analyzed, the original mot analyzed goes through limiting and removing joggle procedures, integrating the complementary filter algorithm and obtaining a drive database based on the Kalman filter algorithm. The data is used to drive the virtual hand to interact with the virtual environment, with the Roll, Pitch and Yaw being [Formula: see text]0.1∘, [Formula: see text]0.15∘, [Formula: see text]0.15∘, respectively. These data prove that the data processing algorithm is compatible with the system hardware platform regarding accuracy and noise reduction. In the process of building the virtual model, under the premise of satisfying a certain number of meshes, the texture mapping of the hand model not only satisfies the fidelity of the virtual hand model but also makes the model less complex and interactive. This helped solve the fragile joint connection problem when the finger was bent. In the subsequent interaction experiment, the system was tested with static gestures and dynamic grasping, and the experimental data and interaction effect showed that the system had good interactivity and stability.
Pitfalls in Machine Learning for Computer Security
Authors: Arp Daniel , Quiring Erwin , Pendlebury Feargus , Warnecke Alexander , Pierazzi Fabio , Wressnegger Christian , Cavallaro Lorenzo , Rieck Konrad 
Published: October 2024

With the growing processing power of computing systems and the increasing availability of massive datasets, machine learning algorithms have led to major breakthroughs in many different areas. This development has influenced computer security, spawning a series of work on learning-based security systems, such as for malware detection, vulnerability discovery, and binary code analysis. Despite great potential, machine learning in security is prone to subtle pitfalls that undermine its performance and render learning-based systems potentially unsuitable for security tasks and practical deployment.
In this paper, we look at this problem with critical eyes. First, we identify common pitfalls in the design, implementation, and evaluation of learning-based security systems. We conduct a study of 30 papers from top-tier security conferences within the past 10 years, confirming that these pitfalls are widespread in the current security literature. In an empirical analysis, we further demonstrate how individual pitfalls can lead to unrealistic performance and interpretations, obstructing the understanding of the security problem at hand. As a remedy, we propose actionable recommendations to support researchers in avoiding or mitigating the pitfalls where possible. Furthermore, we identify open problems when applying machine learning in security and provide directions for further research.
Efficacy, Safety, and Influence on the Tumor Microenvironment of Neoadjuvant Pembrolizumab plus Ramucirumab for PD-L1–Positive NSCLC: A Phase II Trial (EAST ENERGY)
Authors: Aokage Keiju , Koyama Shohei , Kumagai Shogo , Nomura Kotaro , Shimada Yoshihisa , Yoh Kiyotaka , Wakabayashi Masashi , Fukutani Miki , Furuya Hideki , Miyoshi Tomohiro , Tane Kenta , Samejima Joji , Taki Tetsuro , Hayashi Takuo , Matsubayashi Jun , Ishii Genichiro , Nishikawa Hiroyoshi , Ikeda Norihiko , Tsuboi Masahiro 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
Angiogenesis inhibitors are known to modify tumor immunity. Combination of angiogenesis inhibitors with immune checkpoint inhibitors has shown efficacy against many types of cancers, including non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We investigated the feasibility of neoadjuvant therapy with pembrolizumab and ramucirumab, a VEGFR-2 antagonist for patients with PD-L1–positive NSCLC, and its influence on the tumor microenvironment.

Patients and Methods:
Patients with pathologically proven, PD-L1–positive, clinical stage IB to IIIA NSCLC were eligible. Patients received two cycles of pembrolizumab (200 mg/body) and ramucirumab (10 mg/kg) every 3 weeks. Surgery was scheduled 4 to 8 weeks after the last dose. The primary endpoint was the major pathologic response rate by a blinded independent pathologic review. The sample size was 24 patients. Exploratory endpoints were evaluated to elucidate the effects of neoadjuvant therapy on the tumor microenvironment.

Results:
The 24 eligible patients were enrolled between July 2019 and April 2022. The major pathologic response rate was 50.0% (90% confidence interval, 31.9%–68.1%). Six patients showed pathologic complete response. Grade 3 adverse events (AE) occurred in nine patients (37.5%), including three immune-related AEs (acute tubulointerstitial nephritis in two cases and polymyalgia rheumatica in one case). There were no grade 4 or 5 AEs. The transcriptome and multiplex IHC results suggested that tumors with greater CD8+ T-cell infiltration and higher expression of effector molecules at the baseline could show better sensitivity to treatment.

Conclusions:
This new neoadjuvant combination of pembrolizumab plus ramucirumab was feasible, and anti-VEGF agents may enhance the effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
A Translational Study of the ATR Inhibitor Berzosertib as Monotherapy in Four Molecularly Defined Cohorts of Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Cote Gregory M. , Kochupurakkal Bose S. , Do Khanh , Bullock Andrea , Cheng Michael L. , Muzikansky Alona , McLoughlin Daniel E. , Cleary James M. , Gao Xin , Parikh Aparna , Park Jong Chul , Weekes Colin D. , Yeku Oladapo , Zou Lee , Shapiro Geoffrey I. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
Preclinical studies have identified molecular correlates of sensitivity to ATR inhibition. This translational study was designed to test the ATR inhibitor berzosertib in patients with advanced solid tumors carrying alterations in ATRX, ataxia-telangiectasia–mutated (ATM), genes conferring replication stress (RS), or SDH.

Patients and Methods:
Patients were recruited to four cohorts: T1: ATRX-mutant leiomyosarcoma; T2: ATM-mutant solid tumors; T3: solid tumors with mutations in RS-associated genes; and T4: SDH-deficient gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Patients were treated with berzosertib 240 mg/m2 intravenously twice per week. Pretreatment and on-treatment biopsies were obtained in cohorts T1 to T3.

Results:
Patients with SDH-mutant GIST had the longest median progression-free survival (PFS; 229 days) with stable disease as the best response. Patients in the other cohorts experienced progressive disease within 4 months. There was no significant difference in PFS comparing outcomes in patients with/without mutations in ATM or RS genes. Decreased pS345-CHK1 levels in on-treatment biopsies indicated target engagement by berzosertib and were accompanied by substantial increases in levels of DNA damage (γ-H2AX) and RS (pKAP1) markers in a subset of patients. However, these biomarker changes did not translate to clinical benefit. In contrast, in cohorts T1 to T3, increased expression of SLFN11 on treatment correlated with clinical benefit (HR = 0.045; 95% confidence interval, 0.005–0.400).

Conclusions:
Across cohorts, only patients with SDH-mutant GIST experienced prolonged disease control. Despite evidence of target engagement, patients enrolled to all other cohorts had short PFS, suggesting rapid adaptation to ATR inhibitor monotherapy. Among these patients, those with tumors expressing SLFN11 during berzosertib exposure derived the most clinical benefit.
Circulating Chromogranin A as a Surveillance Biomarker in Patients with Carcinoids—The CASPAR Study
Authors: Meng Qing H. , Halfdanarson Thorvardur R. , Bornhorst Joshua A. , Jann Henning , Shaheen Shagufta , Shi Run Zhang , Schwabe Andrej , Stade Katrin , Halperin Daniel M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NET) are relatively indolent but can be more aggressive. The current recommendations for using serum chromogranin A (CgA) for patients with GEP-NET are equivocal. This study was designed to validate an automated CgA immunofluorescence assay for monitoring disease progression in patients with GEP-NET.

Patients and Methods:
A prospective, multicenter, blinded observational study was designed to validate an automated CgA immunofluorescence assay for monitoring disease progression in patients with GEP-NET. Tumor progression was evaluated with RECIST 1.1 by CT/MRI. An increase ≥50% above the prior CgA concentration to a value &gt;100 ng/mL in the following CgA concentration was considered positive.

Results:
A total of 153 patients with GEP-NET were enrolled. Using the prespecified cut-off of CgA change for tumor progression, specificity was 93.4% (95% confidence interval, 90.4%–95.5%; P &lt; 0.001), sensitivity 34.4% (25.6%–44.3%), positive predictive value 57.9% (45.0–69.8), negative predictive value 84.3% (80.5–87.6), and AUC 0.73 (0.67–0.79).

Conclusions:
Changes in serial measurements of serum CgA had a favorable specificity and negative predictive value, making this test a useful adjunct to routine radiographic monitoring.
Structural Covariance Networks in the Fetal Brain Reveal Altered Neurodevelopment for Specific Subtypes of Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Wilson Siân , Cromb Daniel , Bonthrone Alexandra F. , Uus Alena , Price Anthony , Egloff Alexia , Van Poppel Milou P. M. , Steinweg Johannes K. , Pushparajah Kuberan , Simpson John , Lloyd David F. A. , Razavi Reza , O'Muircheartaigh Jonathan , Edwards A. David , Hajnal Joseph V. , Rutherford Mary , Counsell Serena J. 
Published: October 2024

Background
Altered structural brain development has been identified in fetuses with congenital heart disease (CHD), suggesting that the neurodevelopmental impairment observed later in life might originate in utero. There are many interacting factors that may perturb neurodevelopment during the fetal period and manifest as structural brain alterations, such as altered cerebral substrate delivery and aberrant fetal hemodynamics.

Methods and Results
We extracted structural covariance networks from the log Jacobian determinants of 435 in utero T2 weighted image magnetic resonance imaging scans, (n=67 controls, 368 with CHD) acquired during the third trimester. We fit general linear models to test whether age, sex, expected cerebral substrate delivery, and CHD diagnosis were significant predictors of structural covariance. We identified significant effects of age, sex, cerebral substrate delivery, and specific CHD diagnosis across a variety of structural covariance networks, including primary motor and sensory cortices, cerebellar regions, frontal cortex, extra‐axial cerebrospinal fluid, thalamus, brainstem, and insula, consistent with widespread coordinated aberrant maturation of specific brain regions over the third trimester.

Conclusions
Structural covariance networks offer a sensitive, data‐driven approach to explore whole‐brain structural changes without anatomical priors. We used them to stratify a heterogenous patient cohort with CHD, highlighting similarities and differences between diagnoses during fetal neurodevelopment. Although there was a clear effect of abnormal fetal hemodynamics on structural brain maturation, our results suggest that this alone does not explain all the variation in brain development between individuals with CHD.
Mechanical Thrombectomy Access Score: A Systematic Review and Modified Delphi of Global Barriers to Endovascular Therapy
Authors: Aroor Sushanth R. , Zevallos Cynthia B. , Asif Kaiz S. , Singh Nishita , Potter-Vig Jennifer , Rodriguez-Calienes Aaron , Menon Bijoy K. , Ganesh Aravind , Saver Jeffrey L. , Kamel Hooman , Alexandrov Anne W. , Jauch Edward C. , Miao Zhongrong , Huo Xiaochuan , Ramakrishnan Pankajavalli , Desai Shashvat M. , Limaye Kaustubh , El-Ghanem Mohammad , Toth Gabor , Rao Chetan V. , Masoud Hesham E. , Wang Qingliang Tony , Herial Nabeel A. , Atchaneeyasakul Kunakorn , Szeder Viktor , Amuluru Krishna , Urrutia Victor C. , Al-Mufti Fawaz , Yavagal Dileep R. , Ortega-Gutierrez Santiago 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:
The availability of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for acute ischemic stroke is limited, and vast disparities exist between countries. We aim to create a MT access score to measure the drivers of access to help quantify and accelerate treatment worldwide.

METHODS:
We used a systematic review complemented by a modified Delphi method. In the first of 3 rounds, 4 independent investigators performed a systematic literature review using key search terms that drive MT access, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. In the second round, a panel of 6 anonymous international experts selected key attributes needed for scoring. In the final round, a total of 12 attributes were selected on consensus, each given a score on a 0 to 3 scale. An ultimate MT access score (range, 0–36) was proposed as a new tool to use in identifying barriers to MT access and assist in providing an initial framework for public health interventions.

RESULTS:
Of 2864 abstracts screened, 121 studies were included in the final systematic review. A total of 34 attributes that potentially drive MT access were initially identified. In the final round, 12 attributes were selected by the expert panel: public awareness, emergency medical services transportation, prehospital large vessel occlusion screening, interhospital transfer policy, emergency department protocols, stroke imaging protocols, emergency department stroke expertise or telestroke availability, interventionalists, MT-capable centers, device availability, and insurance coverage. These attributes were weighted as part of the final score of 0 to 36.

CONCLUSIONS:
The MT access score represents the first tool to quantify barriers to global MT access. Its implementation stands not just as an academic achievement but as a beacon of hope for improving stroke care and outcomes worldwide, bringing us a step closer to bridging the gap in stroke treatment disparities.
Rest assured: Dynamic functional connectivity and the baseline state of the human brain
Authors: Tagliazucchi Enzo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
While dynamic functional connectivity remains controversial in human neuroimaging, the transient nature of interareal coupling is considered a robust finding in other fields of neuroscience. Nevertheless, the origin and interpretation of these dynamics are still under debate. This letter argues that ongoing cognition is not sufficient to account for dynamic functional connectivity. Instead, it is proposed that the baseline state of the brain is inherently unstable, leading to dynamics that are of neural origin but not directly implicated in cognition. This perspective also reinforces the usefulness of conducting experiments during the resting state.
Ethnicity: A Trojan Horse for the Perpetuation of Armed Civil Conflicts in Africa
Authors: Simuziya Nsama Jonathan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose: The prevalence of armed conflicts in Africa seems commonplace, with little possibility to their end. This study aims to challenge a narrative that seem to consider ethnicity, or ethnic differences as the main causes of armed civil conflicts in Africa. This study argues that while ethnicity might play a role in conflict formation, ethnicity is simply a Trojan horse that is impishly presented as the main cause of armed conflicts in Africa.
Design/Methodology: Data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. To evaluate the ethnicity vs. conflict nexus more conscientiously, this study provided two case examples: Ethiopia and Kenya, each providing distinct political trajectories.
Findings: The study finds that ethnicity is not the main cause of armed conflicts in Africa; rather, the main causal factors are embedded in bad governance practices by political elites and their cronies. Notable is the practice of politics of power grab and marginalisation of certain groups to achieve Machiavellian ends. The additional causal factor is tied to external imperial exploitative motives of looting Africa’s natural resources, often using African puppets, bagmen and traitors of their own homeland. Thus, a combination of bad local governance practices and external economic interests is mainly what has led to a surge in armed civil conflicts in Africa.
Originality/Value: The novelty of this study is that it challenges conventional political standpoints on the causes of ethnic-related conflicts and the solutions needed to end/reduce them. The study has achieved this by pushing the cloak of appreciating the scope and scale of Africa’s armed conflicts by advancing the argument that conflict management solutions lie inward rather than outward through the utilisation of local or homegrown conflict resolution mechanisms. Such local mechanisms must focus on addressing bad governance practices. The current penchant of relying on international or foreign mediatory systems as solutions is done merely at the behest of global politicking and, as such, only provides cosmetic solutions, hence themselves responsible for those protracted ethnic-related conflicts.
An Unpublished Manuscript of Hugo Grotius: ‘On Public Partnership with Unbelievers’ (De societate publica cum infidelibus): Introduction, Transcription and English Translation
Authors: Burgersdijk Diederik , Nellen Henk , de Wilde Marc 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This introduction presents an analysis of Grotius’s treatise ‘On Public Partnership with Unbelievers’ (De societate publica cum infidelibus). It was probably written between 1606 and 1609, when Grotius served as a legal advisor of the Dutch East India Company (voc). In his treatise, Grotius explains what kinds of partnerships with non-Christians are permissible under divine and natural law. These include public partnerships, such as treaties and military alliances, but also private associations, such as commercial contracts, marriages and relations of servitude. As we argue in this introduction, De societate can be interpreted as a general treatise on legal partnerships with non-Christians, which relates both to the voc’s policies of treaty and alliance-making in the East Indies and to debates about the legal status of religious minorities in the Dutch Republic.
Unraveling the Impacts of Submesoscale Thermal and Current Feedbacks on the Low-Level Winds and Oceanic Submesoscale Currents
Authors: Renault Lionel , Contreras Marcela , Marchesiello Patrick , Conejero Carlos , Uchoa Igor , Wenegrat Jacob 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this study, high-resolution coupled ocean–atmosphere simulations are performed over the Gulf Stream to investigate the influence of submesoscale [O(10) km] thermal feedback (TFB) and current feedback (CFB) on the low-level atmosphere and the oceanic submesoscale kinetic energy (SKE). At the submesoscale, TFB and CFB exhibit constructive and destructive effects on wind and surface stress, making this a more complex problem than for the mesoscale [O(100) km]. This coinfluence alters classical coupling coefficients, posing a challenge to isolate individual coupling mechanisms. Here, the feedbacks are isolated separately by removing their imprint on the air–sea coupling fields in dedicated simulations. Both submesoscale TFB and CFB lead to a damping of the SKE. CFB causes eddy killing by drag friction between currents and the atmosphere. However, while eddy killing should be more efficient than its mesoscale counterpart due to a weaker wind response (less re-energization), its effect is hampered by an energization from TFB and by the highly transient nature of submesoscale flow, resulting in a modest 10% reduction in SKE. TFB also contributes to a reduction of SKE, mainly by causing a potential energy sink, associated with turbulent heat fluxes, especially at scales < 10 km. The potential energy sink affects SKE through a decrease of baroclinic energy conversion although this is slightly modulated by an increase in Ekman pumping by submesoscale CFB. Our results emphasize the importance of considering both TFB and CFB at the submesoscale and highlight the limitations of mesoscale CFB parameterizations for submesoscale applications. Future parameterizations should be scale-aware and account for both TFB and CFB effects on momentum and heat fluxes.
The trajectory of substance use disorder among people formerly in foster care: A survival analysis
Authors: Olamazadeh Sogol , Hassan Ahmed N , Le Foll Bernard 
Published: October 2024

Background: Substance use disorder (SUD) represents a significant public health challenge, especially among individuals who have faced early life adversities. Foster care aims to provide a supportive environment for children; however, the relationship between a history of foster care and SUD development remains unclear. Aims: This study aims to examine the likelihood of developing SUD among individuals with a history of foster care, who have used substances during their lifetime, compared to those raised by biological parents. Method: Using data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (NESARC-III), we analyzed the prevalence of social demographics and clinical variables among individuals who have used alcohol, nicotine, or cannabis. We calculated the probabilities of developing SUD for each factor, including exposure to foster care. Various covariates that could impact SUD occurrence were also assessed. The duration from initial substance use to SUD onset was calculated for both groups. Survival analysis curves were generated for each substance to depict the probability of SUD development over time. Results: Our analysis revealed that foster care may act as a protective factor against Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD), with a hazard ratio of 0.25 (95% CI [0.07, 0.88]). No significant associations were found with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) or Nicotine Use Disorder (NUD). Both foster and non-foster care groups exhibited higher probabilities of developing NUD compared to the general population. For cannabis users, the probability of developing CUD stabilizes after approximately 10 years. Family history of SUD and clinical predictors such as mood disorders consistently showed significant associations across all substance groups, highlighting their importance in SUD development. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that foster care may offer some protective benefits, particularly against CUD, emphasizing the need for further research into its protective factors and the development of targeted interventions to reduce SUD prevalence in this population.