bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
White Matter Hyperintensities on Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging in People with Epilepsy: A Hospital‐Based Study
Authors: Mao Yi‐Ting , Goh Enid , Churilov Leonid , McIntosh Anne , Ren Yi‐Fan , O'Brien Terence J. , Davis Stephen , Dong Qiang , Yan Bernard , Kwan Patrick 
Published: June 2016

SummaryAimsWe aim to explore whether people with epilepsy have increased white matter hyperintensities (WMHs).MethodsEligible patients were categorized into newly diagnosed epilepsy (NE) and chronic epilepsy (CE); the latter were subdivided to those treated with enzyme‐inducing antiepileptic drugs (EIAEDs) with or without non‐enzyme‐inducing antiepileptic drugs (NEIAEDs) and those with NEIAEDs only. WMHs were measured using age‐related white matter changes (ARWMC) scale and compared between patients and healthy control group. Higher scores indicate greater WMH changes. The strengths of associations were estimated as incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsA total of 217 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 67 had NE, 45 had CE treated with NEIAEDs, and 105 had CE treated with EIAEDs. Age was positively associated with ARWMC score (IRR per year, 1.03; 95%CI, 1.03–1.04, P < 0.001). Compared with the healthy control group (n = 23), all patient groups had higher ARWMC score (P < 0.05). The difference was greatest in patients receiving EIAEDs (IRR, 2.13; 95%CI, 1.22–3.70, P = 0.007).ConclusionsWMHs tended to be observed in people with epilepsy, especially in those treated with EIAEDs. People with epilepsy with white matter changes should be evaluated for stroke risk, particularly if they are receiving EIAEDs.
Reference Production as Search: The Impact of Domain Size on the Production of Distinguishing Descriptions
Authors: Gatt Albert , Krahmer Emiel , van Deemter Kees , van Gompel Roger P.G. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWhen producing a description of a target referent in a visual context, speakers need to choose a set of properties that distinguish it from its distractors. Computational models of language production/generation usually model this as a search process and predict that the time taken will increase both with the number of distractors in a scene and with the number of properties required to distinguish the target. These predictions are reminiscent of classic findings in visual search; however, unlike models of reference production, visual search models also predict that search can become very efficient under certain conditions, something that reference production models do not consider. This paper investigates the predictions of these models empirically. In two experiments, we show that the time taken to plan a referring expression—as reflected by speech onset latencies—is influenced by distractor set size and by the number of properties required, but this crucially depends on the discriminability of the properties under consideration. We discuss the implications for current models of reference production and recent work on the role of salience in visual search.
Analysis of Trade‐Offs Between Biodiversity, Carbon Farming and Agricultural Development in Northern Australia Reveals the Benefits of Strategic Planning
Authors: Morán‐Ordóñez Alejandra , Whitehead Amy L , Luck Gary W , Cook Garry D , Maggini Ramona , Fitzsimons James A , Wintle Brendan A 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAustralia's northern savannas are one of the few remaining large and mostly intact natural areas on Earth. However, their biodiversity and ecosystem values could be threatened if proposed agricultural development proceeds. Through land‐use change scenarios, we explored trade‐offs and synergies among biodiversity conservation, carbon farming and agriculture production in northern Australia. We found that if all suitable soils were converted to agriculture, habitat at unique recorded locations of three species would disappear and 40 species and vegetation communities could lose more than 50% of their current distributions. Yet, strategically considering agriculture and biodiversity outcomes leads to zoning options that could yield >56,000 km2 of agricultural development with a significantly lower impact on biodiversity values and carbon farming. Our analysis provides a template for policy‐makers and planners to identify areas of conflict between competing land‐uses, places to protect in advance of impacts, and planning options that balance agricultural and conservation needs.
Randomized, double‐blind clinical trial comparing basal insulin peglispro and insulin glargine, in combination with prandial insulin lispro, in patients with type 1 diabetes: IMAGINE 3
Authors: Bergenstal R. M. , Lunt H. , Franek E. , Travert F. , Mou J. , Qu Y. , Antalis C. J. , Hartman M. L. , Rosilio M. , Jacober S. J. , Bastyr E. J. ,   on behalf of the IMAGINE 3 Trial Investigators
Published: June 2016

AimsTo compare the efficacy and safety of basal insulin peglispro (BIL), which has a flat pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile and a long duration of action, with insulin glargine (GL) in patients with type 1 diabetes.Materials and methodsIn this phase III, 52‐week, blinded study, we randomized 1114 adults with type 1 diabetes in a 3 : 2 distribution to receive either BIL (n = 664) or GL (n = 450) at bedtime, with preprandial insulin lispro, using intensive insulin management. The primary objective was to compare glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in the groups at 52 weeks, with a non‐inferiority margin of 0.4%.ResultsAt 52 weeks, mean (standard error) HbA1c was 7.38 (0.03)% with BIL and 7.61 (0.04)% with GL {difference −0.22% [95% confidence interval (CI) −0.32, −0.12]; p < 0.001}. At 52 weeks more BIL‐treated patients reached HbA1c <7% (35% vs 26%; p < 0.001), the nocturnal hypoglycaemia rate was 47% lower (p < 0.001) and the total hypoglycaemia rate was 11% higher (p = 0.002) than in GL‐treated patients, and there was no difference in severe hypoglycaemia rate. Patients receiving BIL lost weight, while those receiving GL gained weight [difference −1.8 kg (95% CI −2.3, −1.3); p < 0.001]. Treatment with BIL compared with GL at 52 weeks was associated with greater increases from baseline in levels of serum triglyceride [difference 0.19 mmol/l (95% CI 0.11, 0.26); p < 0.001] and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels [difference 6.5 IU/l (95% CI 4.1, 8.9), p < 0.001], and more frequent injection site reactions.ConclusionsIn patients with type 1 diabetes, treatment with BIL compared with GL for 52 weeks resulted in a lower HbA1c, more patients with HbA1c levels <7%, and reduced nocturnal hypoglycaemia, but more total hypoglycaemia and injection site reactions and higher triglyceride and ALT levels.
Ecology and multilevel selection explain aggression in spider colonies
Authors: Biernaskie Jay M. , Foster Kevin R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractProgress in sociobiology continues to be hindered by abstract debates over methodology and the relative importance of within‐group vs. between‐group selection. We need concrete biological examples to ground discussions in empirical data. Recent work argued that the levels of aggression in social spider colonies are explained by group‐level adaptation. Here, we examine this conclusion using models that incorporate ecological detail while remaining consistent with kin‐ and multilevel selection frameworks. We show that although levels of aggression are driven, in part, by between‐group selection, incorporating universal within‐group competition provides a striking fit to the data that is inconsistent with pure group‐level adaptation. Instead, our analyses suggest that aggression is favoured primarily as a selfish strategy to compete for resources, despite causing lower group foraging efficiency or higher risk of group extinction. We argue that sociobiology will benefit from a pluralistic approach and stronger links between ecologically informed models and data.
Comparison of fecundity and longevity of Anoplophora malasiaca (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) adults fed on three different host‐plants
Authors: Fujiwara‐Tsujii Nao , Yasui Hiroe , Tanaka Seiji 
Published: June 2016

AbstractOocyte development, age at first reproduction, ovipositing activity and longevity were compared among three groups of Anoplophora malasiaca (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) female adults that were grown on an artificial diet and provided with mandarin orange (MO), blueberry (BB) and willow (WI) branches after adult emergence. The female adults that were fed with MO began to lay eggs earlier, produced more eggs and lived longer than those that were fed with BB or WI. None of the female adults that were fed with BB laid eggs. The BB‐fed female adults developed the lowest number of oocytes after one and three weeks of feeding. The female adults that were fed with WI and MO for one week developed similar numbers of oocytes. However, after three weeks the MO‐fed female adults developed significantly more oocytes than WI‐fed females. When female adults were first fed with MO for one week and then supplied with BB, subsequent ovarian development was strongly suppressed and the number of immature oocytes decreased. The results suggested that some immature oocytes degenerated. From these results it was concluded that MO was the most suitable adult host‐plant, followed by WI and BB. It is possible that adults that emerge from BB trees may shift their host‐plant during the adult stage in the field.
Teaching Neoliberal Emotions through Christian Pedagogies in Fijian Kindergartens
Authors: Brison Karen J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article examines a Fijian kindergarten using Accelerated Christian Education (ACE), a curriculum produced by an American corporation for Christian homeschoolers, which combines academic and emotion pedagogies. Pedagogies prompting children to label, reflect on, and control their emotions are popular in American schools and said to develop skills necessary to be self‐directed, risk‐taking entrepreneurs under neoliberalism. In contrast, in Fiji, children educated with the ACE curriculum are told that feeling the correct emotions is a “commitment” and that submitting to authority will benefit everyone. The ACE curriculum appears to turn working‐class American children and children in peripheral countries like Fiji into submissive workers in corporations while middle‐class Euro‐American children are socialized to become innovative entrepreneurs. But further examination shows that Fijian parents and teachers see the curriculum as giving their children the proper skills to succeed in a world outside of Fiji.
Emotion Pedagogies: What Are They, and Why Do They Matter?
Authors: Wilce James M. , Fenigsen Janina 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis introductory essay defines “emotion pedagogies” by identifying their distinctive qualities—an inclusive embrace of emotions often presented in the form of lists of emotion words to be spoken as part of “I‐messages;” treating emotions as teachable skill bundles, like other sets of skills conveyed along the model of formal schooling and thus involving a high degree of curricularization; and finally, the spread of emotion pedagogies as reflections and facilitators of Charles Taylor's “subjective turn,” Foucault's “subjectification,” and a unique self‐managed and self‐responsible neoliberal selfhood. We introduce each of the articles in this special issue and conclude with reflections on the transformative potential of emotion pedagogies.Tassä artikkelissa “tunnepedagogiikat” (emotion pedagogies) määritellään ilmiöksi, jonka ominaislaatuihin ja tavoitteisiin kuuluvat 1) tunteiden kattava hyväksyminen esimerkiksi tunnesanalistan avustamana, joita voidaan kayttää myös osana “minä‐viestejä” ja 2) tunteiden käsittäminen taitoina, joita voi oppia ja opettaa muodollisessa koulutuksessa kuten muitakin taitoja. Tunne‐pedagogiikkojen leviamistä ja suosiota käsitellään Charles Taylorin subjektiivisen käänteen ja Foucault'n subjektifikaation näkökulmista sekä heijastumina neoliberaalista tavasta nähdä minus uniikkina ja itsen päätöksistä riippuvaisena. Johdannossa esitellään myös kaikki erikoisnumeron artikkelit, ja lopuksi pohditaan tunnepedagogiikkojen transformatiivista potentiaalia.
Emotional Performance as Work Skill: Low‐Income Women in Israel Learning to Talk the Talk
Authors: Sa'ar Amalia 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article documents the use of emotion pedagogies (EP) during economic empowerment projects for low‐income Hebrew‐speaking women in Israel, where a significant part of business‐training curriculum is dedicated to narratives of self and performances of reflexive, emotional speech. Participant observations in weekly training sessions reveal contradictory effects: Despite clear neoliberal undertones of self‐reliance, individual responsibility, and depoliticizing women's economic vulnerability, participants actually enjoy the opportunity to talk about their emotions and are particularly inclined to describe their work using the words “love,” “care,” and “giving.” From their perspective, EP yields some important benefits even if their income remains low: The workshops give them an opportunity to acquire middle‐class emotional competence, to exercise community, to undergo personal growth, and more. Exploring the various layers of signification that emotion pedagogies assume on the ground reveals a multivocal vernacular version that combines globally circulating ideas and locally specific discourses.
Economic and policy considerations regarding hydropower and migratory fish
Authors: Nieminen Emmi , Hyytiäinen Kari , Lindroos Marko 
Published: June 2016

AbstractEnvironmental standards have rarely been applied for promoting the joint production of hydropower and migratory fish. The objective of this study was to review existing research results on the effectiveness and costs of alternative measures improving fish migration, which are necessary for the development of environmental standards. The ranking of alternative measures indicates that cost‐effective combinations of measures are case‐specific and highly dependent on measure design, implementation and maintenance. In addition to tailored ex ante cost‐effectiveness analyses, other preconditions for cost savings include effective and affordable monitoring and enforcement, and cooperation among power companies that share water‐use rights within a river basin as well as among other stakeholders, such as the local community, fishermen and recreational users.
HER2 gene copy number and breast cancer‐specific survival
Authors: Biserni Giovanni B , Engstrøm Monica J , Bofin Anna M 
Published: June 2016

AimsHER2 amplification occurs in 10–15% of breast cancers. It is associated with poor breast cancer‐specific survival (BCSS) and is an important prognostic and predictive marker. While it has been accepted that the HER2:chromosome 17 centromere (CEP17) ratio determines HER2 status, recent guidelines acknowledge the significance of HER2 copy number alone. The aims of this study were to assess BCSS according to mean HER2 copy number and HER2 status expressed as a HER2:CEP17 ratio with and without increased CEP17 copy number.Methods and resultsThe study population comprised breast cancer patients treated with surgery only and with long‐term follow‐up. In situ hybridization for HER2:CEP17 was performed on tissue microarrays and was successful in 679 cases. These were included in the study. Kaplan–Meier methods were used to estimate BCSS. A total of 47 cases had ≥4 < 6 HER2 copies; 16 were HER2+ and 31 were HER2− by ratio. Eighty‐five cases had ≥6 copies of HER2 and only two of these were HER2− by ratio. The risk of death from breast cancer was increased among those with ≥6 HER2 compared to cases with 0–3.9 HER2 signals [hazard ratio (HR): 2.05; confidence interval (CI): 1.49–2.82 (unadjusted)]. After adjusting for stage, there was increased risk of death from breast cancer during the first 5 years after diagnosis in cases that were HER2− by ratio but with ≥4 < 6 HER2 (HR: 2.38; CI: 1.23–4.60).ConclusionsIncreased copy number of HER2 may confer an increased risk of death from breast cancer despite negative HER2 status by ratio.
Effect of the gel elasticity of model skin matrices on the distance/depth‐dependent transmission of vibration energy supplied from a cosmetic vibrator
Authors: Jeong M. K. , Hwang C. , Nam H. , Cho Y. S. , Kang B. Y. , Cho E. C. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine how the energies supplied from a cosmetic vibrator are deeply or far transferred into organs and tissues, and how these depths or distances are influenced by tissue elasticity.MethodsExternal vibration energy was applied to model skin surfaces through a facial cleansing vibrator, and we measured a distance‐ and depth‐dependent energy that was transferred to model skin matrices. As model skin matrices, we synthesized hard and soft poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) gels, as well as hydrogels with a modulus of 2.63 MPa, 0.33 MPa and 21 kPa, respectively, mostly representing those of skin and other organs. The transfer of vibration energy was measured either by increasing the separation distances or by increasing the depth from the vibrator.ResultsThe energies were transmitted deeper into the hard PDMS than into the soft PDMS and hydrogel matrices. This finding implies that the vibration forces influence a larger area of the gel matrices when the gels are more elastic (or rigid). There were no appreciable differences between the soft PDMS and hydrogel matrices. However, the absorbed energies were more concentrated in the area closest to the vibrator with decreasing elasticity of the matrix. Softer materials absorbed most of the supplied energy around the point of the vibrator. In contrast, harder materials scattered the external energy over a broad area.ConclusionsThe current results are the first report in estimating how the external energy is deeply or distantly transferred into a model skins depending on the elastic moduli of the models skins. In doing so, the results would be potentially useful in predicting the health of cells, tissues and organs exposed to various stimuli.
Effect of sugar replacement with stevianna and inulin on the texture and predictive glycaemic response of muffins
Authors: Gao Jingrong , Brennan Margaret A. , Mason Susan L. , Brennan Charles S. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThe application of sugar replacers used in bakery products is of growing interest to the food industry, as it provides the possibility of delivering products with reduced energy and sugar. The aim of this study was to investigate the textural properties and glycaemic responses of muffins made using stevianna and inulin. Two levels of sugar replacer were used (50% and 100%). Total replacement of sucrose gave muffins with a firmer texture than the control (P < 0.05); 50% replacement, however, gave a similar texture to control. The predicted glycaemic response was reduced in sugar‐replaced muffins compared to control samples. In particular, the replacement of sucrose with 100% stevianna caused a significant decrease in the standardised area under the curve values. Therefore, there exists the potential to regulate the glycaemic response of muffins by the incorporation of 50% stevianna or 50% inulin without affecting their textural properties.
Comparison of the effect of the anti‐Xa direct oral anticoagulants apixaban, edoxaban, and rivaroxaban on coagulation assays
Authors: Gosselin R. , Grant R. P. , Adcock D. M. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryIntroductionThe purpose of this study is to compare the effect of increasing concentrations of direct anti‐Xa oral anticoagulants (DOAC) apixaban‐, edoxaban‐, and rivaroxaban‐enriched plasma samples on various prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), heparin calibrated anti‐Xa methods, and other coagulation assays.MethodsApixaban, edoxaban, or rivaroxaban was dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide and added to pooled normal plasma to obtain concentrations ranging from 0 ng/mL to approximately 600 ng/mL. The samples were tested using Innovin®, Neoplastine® CI Plus, Recombiplastin 2G, and Thromborel® S for PT testing and Actin, Actin® FS, Actin® FSL, APTT‐Automate, and SynthaSIL for APTT. Samples were also tested using four different anti‐Xa methods calibrated for unfractionated heparin or low molecular weight heparin. Special coagulation assays included antithrombin activity, lupus anticoagulant assays, and others. For special coagulation assays, the concentration of DOAC that resulted in a >15% change from baseline value was determined. DOAC quantification was performed using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.ResultsAll PT and APTT reagents demonstrated a higher sensitivity for edoxaban and rivaroxaban than for apixaban. Anti‐Xa methods were able to detect low concentrations of DOAC. DOACs effected special coagulation assays to differing degrees, with lupus anticoagulant testing using dilute viper venom, the most sensitive test to the presence of anti‐Xa DOAC.ConclusionNo PT or APTT reagent system effectively detected apixaban. All anti‐Xa methods demonstrated sensitivity to low concentrations of DOAC. Dilute viper venom methods are exquisitely sensitive to anti‐Xa DOAC, suggesting potential use of this assay for screening or measuring these drugs.
Sustaining a Global Social Network: a quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Benton D.C. , Ferguson S.L. 
Published: June 2016

AimTo examine the longer term impact on the social network of participating nurses in the Global Nursing Leadership Institute (GNLI2013) through using differing frequencies of follow‐up to assess impact on maintenance of network cohesion.BackgroundSocial network analysis is increasingly been used by nurse researchers, however, studies tend to use single point‐in‐time descriptive methods.MethodThis study utilizes a repeated measures, block group, control‐intervention, quasi‐experimental design. Twenty‐eight nurse leaders, competitively selected through a double‐blind peer review process, were allocated to five action learning–based learning groups. Network architecture, measures of cohesion and node degree frequency were all used to assess programme impact.ResultsThe programme initiated and sustained connections between nurse leaders drawn from a geographically dispersed heterogeneous group. Modest inputs of two to three e‐mails over a 6‐month period seem sufficient to maintain connectivity as indicated by measures of network density, diameter and path length.LimitationsDue to the teaching methodology used, the study sample was relatively small and the follow‐up data collection took place after a relatively short time. Replication and further cohort data collection would be advantageous.Conclusions and policy implicationsIn an era where many policy solutions are being debated and initiated at the global level, action learning leadership development that utilizes new technology follow‐up appears to show significant impact and is worthy of wider application. The approach warrants further inquiry and testing as to its longer term effects on nursing's influence on policy formulation and implementation.