bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the correction of spiral trajectories on a preclinical MRI scanner with a high‐performance gradient insert
Authors: Scholten Hannah , Wech Tobias , Köhler Sascha , Smart Sean S. , Boyle Jordan H. , Teh Irvin , Köstler Herbert , Schneider Jürgen E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to examine different trajectory correction methods for spiral imaging on a preclinical scanner with high‐performance gradients with respect to image quality in a phantom and in vivo. The gold standard method of measuring the trajectories in a separate experiment is compared to an isotropic delay‐correction, a correction using the gradient system transfer function (GSTF), and a combination of the two. Three different spiral trajectories, with 96, 16, and three interleaves, are considered. The best image quality is consistently achieved when determining the trajectory in a separate phantom measurement. However, especially for the spiral with 96 interleaves, the other correction methods lead to almost comparable results. Remaining imperfections in the corrected gradient waveforms and trajectories are attributed to asymmetrically occurring undulations in the actual, generated gradients, suggesting that the underlying assumption of linearity is violated. In conclusion, images of sufficient quality can be acquired on preclinical small‐animal scanners using spiral k‐space trajectories without the need to carry out separate trajectory measurements each time. Depending on the trajectory, a simple isotropic delay‐correction or a GSTF‐based correction can provide images of similar quality.
Effect of ramie fiber and graphene oxide on the development of PCL‐based materials: Micro‐composites, nanocomposites and hierarchical
Authors: Cesario Luanna V. , dos Santos Filho Edson A. , Pinto Gabriel Matheus , Cardoso Karina L. F. , Braga Natália F. , Fechine Guilhermino J. M. , de Carvalho Laura H. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn recent years, the demand for environmentally sustainable materials has led to the exploration of biodegradable composites as alternatives to fossil‐based polymeric matrices. Among these, poly‐ε‐caprolactone (PCL) has emerged for its versatility and broad applicability. However, challenges such as limited mechanical strength and thermal stability demand innovative approaches for enhancement. This study focuses on the development and characterization of hierarchical composites of PCL, ramie fibers, and graphene oxide (GO) to address these challenges. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), contact angle, surface energy, mechanical properties (impact and tensile), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and ecotoxicity assays were employed for evaluation. Results indicate that the inclusion of GO and ramie fibers alters the thermal properties, increasing melting enthalpy and crystallinity due to GO's nucleating effect and fiber‐induced steric hindrance. Increased hydrophilicity and surface free energy suggest enhanced biodegradation potential. Ecotoxicity tests confirm non‐toxicity, while SEM reveals low interfacial adhesion between the fiber and matrix. Tensile tests reveal no synergistic effects, although GO enhances biodegradation without compromising mechanical integrity. The presence of GO and ramie fibers does not induce toxicity, as evidenced by normal seedling growth. While hybridization does not significantly impact mechanical properties, GO offers avenues for enhancing biodegradability and expanding ramie fiber applications. This study highlights the impacts of filler integration on the properties of PCL, indicating pathways for tailored material design aimed at sustainable solutions.
The effect of nickel‐titanium alloy particles on the vibration response and the mechanical properties of carbon fiber laminates
Authors: Cao Meng , Zang Jian , Wang Shuo , Song Xuyuan , Wang Zhijian , Zhang Yewei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study discussed the effects of different contents of Nickel‐titanium alloy particles (NiTip) on the vibration properties of carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) and further verified the test results by dynamic mechanical analysis tests while analyzing the effects of NiTip on the thermal stability of CFRP. The test results showed that 1.0 vol% of NiTip was the most effective in reducing the vibration transmission rate of the CFRP while improving its thermal stability. The modal of the CFRP composite cantilever beam is analyzed using the finite element method. In addition, the mechanical properties of CFRP with different NiTip contents were tested, including tensile, flexural, interlaminar shear and impact properties. The test results showed that 1.0 vol% of NiTip was most effective in improving the flexural properties, tensile properties and interlayer shear properties of CFRP. At the same time, 3.0 vol% of NiTip was most effective in improving the impact properties of CFRP. In addition, the fracture surfaces of CFRP reinforced with different NiTip contents were microanalysed to elucidate the enhancement mechanism. This study developed a multifunctional composite material with both vibration damping and high performance. These results provide essential guidelines for the optimal design and application of NiTip reinforced composites in vibration control, structural and aerospace applications.Highlights
The effects of different Nickel‐titanium alloy particles (NiTip) levels on the vibration and mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) were investigated.
The influence of NiTip addition on the loss factor and thermal stability of CFRP was evaluated.
SEM images were used to analyze the influence mechanism of uniform dispersion of NiTip on the reduction of vibration transmission rate of CFRP and the improvement of mechanical properties of CFRP.
Study on mechanical properties of a roadbed rehabilitation polyurethane grouting material after freeze–thaw cycles
Authors: Wang Zixuan , Du Mingrui , Fang Hongyuan , Zhang Chao , Zhao Peng , Yao Xupei , Xiao Feng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe mechanical properties of roadbed rehabilitation polyurethane grouting material (RhPU) under freeze–thaw cycles are the theoretical basis for evaluating its long‐term performance in cold regions, but are currently not well understood. Freeze–thaw cycle tests were conducted on RhPU grouting materials of different densities using a rapid freezing method to investigate the effects of damage characteristics of RhPU. The experimental results indicate that the frost damage of RhPU is a fatigue failure process from the outside to the inside. During the freeze–thaw cycle, water‐filled cells experience compression damage due to freezing expansion and interconnected, forming more water seepage channels, accelerating the internal damage of RhPU. Therefore, the dynamic elastic modulus, longitudinal wave velocity, rigidity, and compressive strength of RhPU all decrease with an increase in freeze–thaw cycles. Moreover, at the same freeze–thaw cycles, the lower the density of RhPU, the greater the loss rate of the dynamic elastic modulus, longitudinal wave velocity, rigidity, and compressive strength. The square of the longitudinal wave velocity of RhPU samples before and after freeze–thaw cycles correlates well with density, and the longitudinal wave velocity loss rate better quantifies the internal damage of RhPU samples. Through scanning electron microscopy, the microstructure of RhPU after freeze–thaw cycles was observed, revealing that the lower density of RhPU exhibits more severe freeze–thaw damage compared to higher density RhPU, attributed to its larger cell diameter and greater contact area between adjacent cells. This indicates poorer freeze resistance performance for low‐density RhPU.Highlights
The variations of surface damage of RhPU after freeze–thaw cycles were studied.
The correlation between and density of RhPU after freeze–thaw cycles was found.
The effect of freeze–thaw cycles on mechanical properties of RhPU was analyzed.
The microscale freeze–thaw damage mechanism of RhPU was revealed.
Synchronously enhanced thermal conductivity and dielectric properties of silicone rubber composites filled with the AlN‐PPy‐KH570 multilayer core‐shell hybrid structure
Authors: Yang Ke , Chen Yanru , Dong Hanhai , Jiao Jinqing , Lang Xuqing , Cheng Qingli 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe rapid development of lithium battery technology is leading to the increasing miniaturization of electronic devices, thereby elevating the demand for dielectric materials with exceptionally high thermal conductivity and dielectric properties. In this study, the composites were fabricated by integrating multilayer core‐shell hybrid structure particles into silicone rubber (SR). These particles were created by attaching the conductive polymer polypyrrole (PPy) and the silane coupling agent (KH570) onto the surface of highly thermally conductive ceramic particles aluminum nitride (AlN). The combination of PPy and KH570 serves to enhance the interfacial compatibility between AlN and SR, thereby concurrently enhancing the thermal conductivity and dielectric properties of the composites. The experimental results demonstrated that the thermal conductivity of the 50 phr AlN‐PPy‐KH570/SR composite was 0.37 W/(m · K), 1.65 times higher than that of pure SR (0.23 W/(m · K)). Additionally, the dielectric constant of the composite increased to 4.59, 1.32 times that of pure SR (3.48). Moreover, the thermal decomposition temperature of the composite was elevated to 475°C. The synthesized SR composites hold promise for widespread use in miniaturized electronic devices operating in high‐frequency and high‐temperature environments.
Developing and validating perceived intercultural communication anxiety/apprehension scale
Authors: Roohani Ali , Parhizkar Reza , Ostovar Shahla 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntercultural communication research has highlighted the significance of intercultural communication apprehension/anxiety measurement and instrument development in diverse sociocultural contexts. This study embarked on developing and validating a scale, the Perceived Intercultural Communication Anxiety/Apprehension Scale (PICAS) in the English as a foreign language (EFL) context. By drawing upon the review of the literature and expert judgment, a Likert scale with 52 items was developed for assessing the construct of intercultural communication anxiety/apprehension, which was subjected to exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with 760 Iranian EFL learners. The ultimate results of exploratory factor analysis evidenced 17 items with a stable five‐factor solution, comprising L2 proficiency, prejudice and stereotypes, significant others' attitudes, status, and context familiarity factors. The subsequent CFA confirmed the five‐factor model. The five‐factor PICAS was found to be psychometrically reliable and valid. Potential applications, future directions, and limitations are finally addressed.
Synthesis and properties of a sustainable, vanillin‐based phthalonitrile resin
Authors: Laskoski Matthew , Brown Loren C. , Kerr Andrew T. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe renewable and biosynthetic molecule, vanillin, was used in the preparation of a new phthalonitrile resin (PN), containing two phthalonitrile groups without pre‐modification of the vanillin structure. This PN resin was characterized thoroughly by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, rheometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The monomer exhibited excellent rheometric viscosities below 250 cP at processing temperatures and a good pot life. After complete curing, the PN polymer exhibited thermal stability above 500°C, a glass transition temperature (Tg) above the final postcure temperature of 380°C, and exceptional retention of structural integrity. These results highlight a vanillin‐derived PN resin is an excellent candidate for a variety of applications where high temperature and mechanical stability over a large temperature range are required.
Ventilator variables predicting extubation readiness in extremely premature infants with prolonged mechanical ventilation: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Nguyen Truong An , Matoušek Josef , Kuběna Aleš , Resl Kilián , Kudrna Petr , Dunajová Klára , Plavka Richard 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe current generation of neonatal ventilators enables periodic storage of set, measured, and calculated ventilatory parameters.DesignRetrospective observational study.ObjectivesTo evaluate and identify the ventilatory, demographic, and clinical pre‐extubation variables that are significant for estimating extubation readiness.MethodsEligible subjects included premature infants <33 weeks of gestation weaned from mechanical ventilation (MV) lasting >24 h. A total of 16 relevant ventilator variables, each calculated from 288 data points over 24 h, together with eight demographic and three clinical pre‐extubation variables, were used to create the generalized linear model (GLM) for a binary outcome and the Cox proportional hazards model for time‐to‐event analysis. The achievement of a 120‐h period without reintubation was defined as a successful extubation attempt (EA) within the binary outcome.ResultsWe evaluated 149 EAs in 81 infants with a median (interquartile range) gestational age of 25+2 (24+3–26+1) weeks. Of this, 90 EAs (60%) were successful while 59 (40%) failed. GLM identified dynamic compliance per kilogram, percentage of spontaneous minute ventilation, and postmenstrual age as significant independent positive variables. Conversely, dynamic compliance variability emerged as a significant independent negative variable for extubation success. This model enabled the creation of a probability estimator for extubation success with a good proportion of sensitivity and specificity (80% and 73% for a cut‐off of 60%, respectively).ConclusionsVentilator variables reflecting lung mechanical properties and the ability to spontaneously breathe during MV contribute to better prediction of extubation readiness in extremely premature infants with chronic lung disease.
Ruscogenin Exerts Anxiolytic‐Like Effect via Microglial NF‐κB/MAPKs/NLRP3 Signaling Pathways in Mouse Model of Chronic Inflammatory Pain
Authors: Qi Jing‐yu , Jin Yu‐chen , Wang Xin‐shang , Yang Liu‐kun , Lu Liang , Yue Jiao , Yang Fan , Liu Yong‐sheng , Jiang Yong‐li , Song Da‐ke , Lv Tao , Li Xu‐bo , Zhang Kun , Liu Shui‐bing 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTLong‐term inflammation can cause chronic pain and trigger patients' anxiety by sensitizing the central nervous system. However, effective drugs with few side effects for treating chronic pain‐induced anxiety are still lacking. The anxiolytic and anti‐inflammatory effects of ruscogenin (RUS), an important active compound in Ophiopogon japonicus, were evaluated in a mouse model of chronic inflammatory pain and N9 cells. RUS (5, 10, or 20 mg/kg/day, i.g.) was administered once daily for 7 days after CFA injection; pain‐ and anxiety‐like behaviors were assessed in mice. Anti‐inflammatory effect of RUS (0.1, 1, 10 μM) on N9 microglia after LPS treatment was evaluated. Inflammatory markers (TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, CD86, IL‐4, ARG‐1, and CD206) were measured using qPCR. The levels of IBA1, ROS, NF‐κB, TLR4, P‐IKK, P‐IκBα, and P65, MAPKs (ERK, JNK, and P38), NLRP3 (caspase‐1, ASC, and NLRP3) were detected by Western blotting or immunofluorescence staining. The potential target of RUS was validated by molecular docking and adeno‐associated virus injection. Mice in CFA group exhibited allodynia and anxiety‐like behaviors. LPS induced neuroinflammation in N9 cells. Both CFA and LPS increased the levels of IBA1, ROS, and inflammatory markers. RUS (10 mg/kg in vivo and 1 μM in vitro) alleviated these alterations through NF‐κB/MAPKs/NLRP3 signaling pathways but had no effect on pain hypersensitivity. TLR4 strongly interacted with RUS, and TLR4 overexpression abolished the effects of RUS on anxiety and neuroinflammation. RUS exerts anti‐inflammatory and anxiolytic effects via TLR4‐mediated NF‐κB/MAPKs/NLRP3 signaling pathways, which provides a basis for the treatment of chronic pain‐induced anxiety.
Cover Image
Authors: Zhou Qun , Gao Siqi , Yu Xiaohan , Zhang Linzhang , Zhang Zheng , Fu Yadong , Liu Wei , Mu Yongping , Zhang Hua , Liu Ping , Chen Jiamei 
Published: September 2024

The cover image is based on the article Total astragalus saponins attenuate primary sclerosing cholangitis in mice by upregulation of TGR5 by Qun Zhou et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.8297.image
Green Synthesis of Quinazolinones via Selective Electro‐oxidation Using Iron Electrode and NaCl Electrolyte as an Eco‐friendly Electrolyte
Authors: Basem Ali , Naglah Ahmed M. , Alaridhee Zaman Abdalhussein Ibadi , Altayeh Aiham O. , Al‐Rubaye Ameer H. , Ugiloy Yusupova , Durbek Usmanov , Berdimurodov Elyor , Almehizia Abdulrahman A. , Zen Amer Alhaj 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPrimary alcohols 2(a–h) and o‐aminobenzamides 1(a–h) can be selectively oxidized electrochemically to yield dihydroquinazolinone 4(a–h) and quinazolinones 5(a–h) in an efficient and chemoselective manner. This methodology employs sodium chloride (NaCl) 3(a) as a co‐catalyst and electricity as the oxidizing agent, utilizing cost‐effective and commercially available materials such as Graphite anode, Iron (Fe) cathode, and isopropyl alcohol (iPrOH) as a solvent and weak base. The synthesis yields various quinazolinone derivatives with diverse structural characteristics in good quantities, showcasing the method‘s broad applicability. This approach facilitates the production of a range of dihydroquinazolinones and quinazolinones (24 examples), highlighting its versatility and compatibility with different functional groups. Characterization of the synthesized derivatives included CHN analysis, 1HNMR spectroscopy, and determination of melting points.
Ultrasound‐Assisted Catalysis: A Pathway to Novel and Selective Chemical Transformations in Condensed Phase
Authors: Jiang Shang , Late Evelyne Kafui Yawa , Jeromé Francois , Amaniampong Prince Nana , Mushrif Samir H. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we review the concept of synergistically using ultrasonic sonochemistry in combination with heterogeneous catalysis, to selectively perform condensed phase chemical transformations. Through specific examples, we highlight that ultrasound induced cavitation bubbles not only provide local high temperature and pressure conditions for initiating chemical reactions but also improves heat, mass and charge transfer characteristics in the system. We also show that sonocatalysis can alter reaction mechanisms and open new activation and reaction pathways that are not intuitive to thermocatalysis. Computational chemistry tools are introduced and are combined with sonocatalysis experimental studies to demonstrate that, in‐situ generated radicals propelled into the bulk liquid solution upon bubbles implosion can be stabilized by catalyst surfaces, while creating active sites for unique reactions during heterogeneous sonocatalytic chemistry. We also report recent examples of condensed phase sonocatalysis applications, including pollutant degradation, chemical and pharmaceutical synthesis and biomass upgrading, and provide mechanistic insights into the process.
A Recyclable Polyimide Derived Hard Carbon as a High‐Performance Negative Electrode Material for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Fang Qian , Wang Xiaojie , Chen Peiting , Ruan Dianbo , Qiao Zhijun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHard carbon, characterized by high ion storage capacity, low operating voltage, and excellent cycling stability, is considered an ideal negative electrode material for sodium‐ion batteries. However, the high cost and low carbon yield of thermosetting precursors limit their practical application in SIBs, while low‐cost and high‐yield raw materials exhibit highly ordered carbon structures and narrow interlayer spacing under high‐temperature carbonization. Discarded polyimide materials are inexpensive, which offer a high carbon yield and possess good thermal stability and thermoplasticity, with functional groups of imide rings (−CO−N−CO−) on their main chains. This study recycled and converted polyimide materials into hard carbon materials from discarded engineering plastics, investigating the influence of carbonization temperature on the degree of graphitization, interlayer spacing, and pore structure of the materials to achieve high reversible sodium storage capacity. After carbonization at 1300 °C, the polyimide material exhibited 319 mAh g−1 reversible capacity and excellent electrochemical performance (with a capacity retention of 91.92 % after 100 cycles at a 0.5 C current rate) and rate performance (up to 242.5 mAh g−1 at 2 C). This study provided a simple, high‐yield, and effective method for the reuse of discarded organic polymers, promoting the sustainable utilization of resources.
Three‐Dimensional Printed Integrated Electrochemical Devices for Various Applications–A Review
Authors: Triveni B. V. , Lalithamba H. S. , Bharath H. S. , Kumar N. V. , Prashanth G. K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThree‐dimensional Printing (3DP) and computer‐assisted design (CAD) are a boon for producing high‐quality analytical and electrochemical devices using low‐cost components. This review briefly explains various 3D printing techniques. The focus is on the fabrication of integrated miniature devices developed through the 3DP process, mainly by the Fused deposition modelling (FDM) technique. Examples of integrated electrochemical devices are presented to highlight the potential of 3DP. Special emphasis is given to surface activation of 3D printed electrodes to enhance their electrochemical activity and various activation methods. This paper discusses the opportunities and future applications in developing all‐in‐one miniature electrochemical devices that might lead to on‐site environmental measurements, point‐of‐care tests, and the development of portable instruments with reduced sample volume.
Carbonization and Gasification of Cow‐Dung and Fe3O4 Nanoparticles at Different Operating Conditions for Hydrogen Production
Authors: Sathish T. , Suresh Kumar P. , Uma Mageswari S. D. , Stalin N. , Pandian R. , Giri Jayant , Atif M. , Prakash Chander , Yusuf Mohammad 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCow dung is an abundant agricultural by‐product that poses disposal challenges. Converting this waste into a valuable energy resource aligns with sustainable waste management practices and contributes to a circular economy. This research aims at Cow dung disposal by carbonization and gasification for hydrogen generation and maximizes it by optimizing the process parameters. In the pyrolysis‐carbonization process, the influence of temperature on cow dung and its biochar characteristics was initially investigated. On the cow dung feedstock, different operating temperatures at about 400, 500, and 600 °C and response times of about 30, 60, and 120 min were tested. With CD450 as the feedstock, the gas concentrations and hydrogen yield were around 62 vol% and 0.69 m3 kg−1, respectively, for longer reaction times. Similar to this, the gas concentration and yield value for hydrogen at 600 °C gasification temperature is around 64 vol% and 0.91 m3 kg−1. Cow dung is evidently acceptable for larger hydrogen production at higher gasification temperatures and reaction times when the carbonization temperature is 450 °C. In addition, when compared to feedstock without adding nanoparticles, including Fe3O4 nanoparticles may increase the hydrogen concentration and yield by around 13.5 % and 4.21 %, respectively.