bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Fermi Galactic Center GeV Excess and Implications for Dark Matter
Authors: Ackermann M. , Ajello M. , Albert A. , Atwood W. B. , Baldini L. , Ballet J. , Barbiellini G. , Bastieri D. , Bellazzini R. , Bissaldi E. , Blandford R. D. , Bloom E. D. , Bonino R. , Bottacini E. , Brandt T. J. , Bregeon J. , Bruel P. , Buehler R. , Burnett T. H. , Cameron R. A. , Caputo R. , Caragiulo M. , Caraveo P. A. , Cavazzuti E. , Cecchi C. , Charles E. , Chekhtman A. , Chiang J. , Chiappo A. , Chiaro G. , Ciprini S. , Conrad J. , Costanza F. , Cuoco A. , Cutini S. , D’Ammando F. , Palma F. de , Desiante R. , Digel S. W. , Lalla N. Di , Mauro M. Di , Venere L. Di , Drell P. S. , Favuzzi C. , Fegan S. J. , Ferrara E. C. , Focke W. B. , Franckowiak A. , Fukazawa Y. , Funk S. , Fusco P. , Gargano F. , Gasparrini D. , Giglietto N. , Giordano F. , Giroletti M. , Glanzman T. , Gomez-Vargas G. A. , Green D. , Grenier I. A. , Grove J. E. , Guillemot L. , Guiriec S. , Gustafsson M. , Harding A. K. , Hays E. , Hewitt J. W. , Horan D. , Jogler T. , Johnson A. S. , Kamae T. , Kocevski D. , Kuss M. , Mura G. La , Larsson S. , Latronico L. , Li J. , Longo F. , Loparco F. , Lovellette M. N. , Lubrano P. , Magill J. D. , Maldera S. , Malyshev D. , Manfreda A. , Martin P. , Mazziotta M. N. , Michelson P. F. , Mirabal N. , Mitthumsiri W. , Mizuno T. , Moiseev A. A. , Monzani M. E. , Morselli A. , Negro M. , Nuss E. , Ohsugi T. , Orienti M. , Orlando E. , Ormes J. F. , Paneque D. , Perkins J. S. , Persic M. , Pesce-Rollins M. , Piron F. , Principe G. , Rainò S. , Rando R. , Razzano M. , Razzaque S. , Reimer A. , Reimer O. , Sánchez-Conde M. , Sgrò C. , Simone D. , Siskind E. J. , Spada F. , Spandre G. , Spinelli P. , Suson D. J. , Tajima H. , Tanaka K. , Thayer J. B. , Tibaldo L. , Torres D. F. , Troja E. , Uchiyama Y. , Vianello G. , Wood K. S. , Wood M. , Zaharijas G. , Zimmer S. ,   (The Fermi LAT Collaboration)
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The region around the Galactic Center (GC) is now well established to be brighter at energies of a few GeV than what is expected from conventional models of diffuse gamma-ray emission and catalogs of known gamma-ray sources. We study the GeV excess using 6.5 yr of data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope. We characterize the uncertainty of the GC excess spectrum and morphology due to uncertainties in cosmic-ray source distributions and propagation, uncertainties in the distribution of interstellar gas in the Milky Way, and uncertainties due to a potential contribution from the Fermi bubbles. We also evaluate uncertainties in the excess properties due to resolved point sources of gamma rays. The GC is of particular interest, as it would be expected to have the brightest signal from annihilation of weakly interacting massive dark matter (DM) particles. However, control regions along the Galactic plane, where a DM signal is not expected, show excesses of similar amplitude relative to the local background. Based on the magnitude of the systematic uncertainties, we conservatively report upper limits for the annihilation cross-section as a function of particle mass and annihilation channel.
Shock Acceleration Model for the Toothbrush Radio Relic
Authors: Kang Hyesung , Ryu Dongsu , Jones T. W. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Although many of the observed properties of giant radio relics detected in the outskirts of galaxy clusters can be explained by relativistic electrons accelerated at merger-driven shocks, significant puzzles remain. In the case of the so-called Toothbrush relic, the shock Mach number estimated from X-ray observations (

) is substantially weaker than that inferred from the radio spectral index (

). Toward understanding such a discrepancy, we here consider the following diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) models: (1) weak-shock models with

and a preexisting population of cosmic-ray electrons (CRe) with a flat energy spectrum, and (2) strong-shock models with

and either shock-generated suprathermal electrons or preexisting fossil CRe. We calculate the synchrotron emission from the accelerated CRe, following the time evolution of the electron DSA, and the subsequent radiative cooling and postshock turbulent acceleration (TA). We find that both models could reproduce reasonably well the observed integrated radio spectrum of the Toothbrush relic, but the observed broad transverse profile requires the stochastic acceleration by downstream turbulence, which we label “turbulent acceleration” or TA to distinguish it from DSA. Moreover, to account for the almost uniform radio spectral index profile along the length of the relic, the weak-shock models require a preshock region over 400 kpc with a uniform population of preexisting CRe with a high cutoff energy (

). Due to the short cooling time, it is challenging to explain the origin of such energetic electrons. Therefore, we suggest the strong-shock models with low-energy seed CRe (

) are preferred for the radio observations of this relic.
The Post-pericenter Evolution of the Galactic Center Source G2
Authors: Plewa P. M. , Gillessen S. , Pfuhl O. , Eisenhauer F. , Genzel R. , Burkert A. , Dexter J. , Habibi M. , George E. , Ott T. , Waisberg I. , Fellenberg S. von 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
In early 2014, the fast-moving near-infrared source G2 reached its closest approach to the supermassive black hole Sgr A* in the Galactic center. We report on the evolution of the ionized gaseous component and the dusty component of G2 immediately after this event, revealed by new observations obtained in 2015 and 2016 with the SINFONI integral field spectrograph and the NACO imager at the ESO VLT. The spatially resolved dynamics of the Brγ line emission can be accounted for by the ballistic motion and tidal shearing of a test-particle cloud that has followed a highly eccentric Keplerian orbit around the black hole for the last 12 years. The non-detection of a drag force or any strong hydrodynamic interaction with the hot gas in the inner accretion zone limits the ambient density to less than a few

at the distance of closest approach (

), assuming G2 is a spherical cloud moving through a stationary and homogeneous atmosphere. The dust continuum emission is unresolved in L′-band, but stays consistent with the location of the Brγ emission. The total luminosity of the Brγ and L′ emission has remained constant to within the measurement uncertainty. The nature and origin of G2 are likely related to that of the precursor source G1, since their orbital evolution is similar, though not identical. Both objects are also likely related to a trailing tail structure, which is continuously connected to G2 over a large range in position and radial velocity.
Extreme CO Isotopic Abundances in the ULIRG IRAS 13120-5453: An Extremely Young Starburst or Top-heavy Initial Mass Function
Authors: Sliwa Kazimierz , Wilson Christine D. , Aalto Susanne , Privon George C. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
We present ALMA 12CO (J = 1-0, 3-2 and 6-5), 13CO (J = 1-0), and C18O (J = 1-0) observations of the local ultraluminous infrared galaxy (ULIRG) IRAS 13120-5453. The morphologies of the three isotopic species differ, as 13CO shows a hole in emission toward the center. We measure integrated brightness temperature line ratios of 12CO/13CO ≥ 60 (exceeding 200) and 13CO/C18O ≤ 1 in the central region. Assuming optical thin emission, C18O is more abundant than 13CO in several regions. The abundances within the central 500 pc are consistent with the enrichment of the interstellar medium via a young starburst (<7 Myr), a top-heavy initial mass function, or a combination of both.
Mobilités sociales et capitalisme : une approche comparée entre Rouen et Paris (1600-1825)
Authors: Flamein Richard 
Published: May 2017

L’étude systémique des mobilités sociales, croisées aux formes d’accumulation du capital, montre combien faits sociaux et mutations économiques sont liés. Si cela ne constitue guère une surprise, en revanche, l’historiographie ignore encore dans une large mesure la façon dont interagissent les deux phénomènes. Entre 1600 et 1824, les mobilités normandes et parisiennes, à l’intérieur d’une dynastie bien connue, celle des Le Couteulx, servent d’instrument de mesure et d’approche comparative entre les deux villes et montrent combien les dynamiques sociales semblent se différencier, à la fois dans le temps et l’espace, sur le substrat d’usages progressivement diversifiés du capital. La prise en compte de la spécificité locale des mobilités d’Ancien Régime ne plaide guère pour un relativisme des identités et des parcours, mais au contraire pour leur ferme inscription, quasi organique, dans la cohérence des tissus sociaux, économiques, culturels, puis politiques locaux. Loin d’offrir une analyse mécaniste, les processus comparés de mobilité se construisent entre métissage et différenciation des parcours, dans un dosage évolutif du collectif et de l’individuel sur le temps long. Cette première approche propose l’ébauche d’une lecture renouvelée de l’architecture des dynamiques sociales du xvii e au xix e siècle.
Le surmoi perverti
Authors: Richard François 
Published: May 2017

Cet article propose des hypothèses dans le prolongement de l’ouvrage L’Actuel Malaise dans la culture : le clivage entre courant civilisé et agressivité contre la culture nourrit un désaveu de la destructivité à l’œuvre dans la psychologie collective et même dans la pensée critique – de sorte que le jugement reste en suspens. Le surmoi est affaibli, puis perverti et clivé. Les individus l’opposent à la légitimité de l’autorité et des lois. Une destructivité sadique et paranoïaque peut prendre le dessus comme dans le terrorisme djihadiste qui est à la fois intérieur et extérieur à notre malaise dans la culture. L’islamisme radical constitue une forme typique du surmoi perverti bien plus qu’il ne résulte de fragilités identitaires narcissiques. Pour conclure, est discutée la façon dont la méthode clinique de la psychanalyse est susceptible de proposer quelques pistes pour penser l’exacerbation du malaise dans la culture.
Penser les conjonctures et les contextes ; inventer des dispositifs
Authors: Pagès Claire 
Published: May 2017

Cet article propose d’examiner les déplacements qu’induit la prise en compte par la théorie psychanalytique de la triple inscription géographique, historique et sociale des sujets, ou du fait que ceux-ci vivent dans un certain contexte . Quand ces sujets s’inscrivent en outre dans une conjoncture déstructurante, voire de décivilisation, on peut penser que des processus psychiques et des mécanismes de défense spécifiques entrent en jeu. L’économie psychique deviendrait perméable à certaines configurations et à certaines expériences sociales. Comment ces modifications sont-elles thématisées et quels aménagements du cadre ont pu être envisagés pour accueillir les souffrances de ces sujets ? Quels dispositifs ont alors été inventés pour la clinique de ces situations extrêmes ?
High SYK Expression Drives Constitutive Activation of CD21low B Cells
Authors: Keller Baerbel , Stumpf Ina , Strohmeier Valentina , Usadel Susanne , Verhoeyen Els , Eibel Hermann , Warnatz Klaus 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHuman CD21low B cells present with an activated phenotype and accumulate in distinct disorders connected with chronic immune stimulation. Signaling studies had revealed an increased basal phosphorylation of spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) and phospholipase Cγ2. Additional BCR stimulation of these constitutively active cells, however, led to reduced activation of these signaling molecules and subsequently NF-κB and Ca2+ activation. In this article, we demonstrate that high SYK expression is a common feature of CD21low B cells independent of the underlying disorder, and that this high expression is sufficient to drive constitutive phosphorylation of SYK and its immediate targets Bruton’s tyrosine kinase and phospholipase Cγ2. Inhibition of SYK activity eliminated features of the constitutive activation in these cells and partly restored BCR signaling. High SYK expression is especially induced by CpG or CD40L in combination with IL-21, but not BCR stimulation, suggesting the importance of the immune-stimulatory context for the induction of this B cell phenotype. In summary, high SYK expression is a common feature of human CD21low B cells and presumably results from chronic activation in inflammatory environments present in a subgroup of patients with heterogeneous disorders like chronic infection, autoimmunity, and immunodeficiency. High SYK expression by itself drives the constitutive activation observed in these B cells, which in turn may contribute to the hyporesponsiveness upon BCR stimulation. Given the high prevalence of autoreactive clones among CD21low B cells in autoimmune disorders, the dominant role of SYK in CD21low B cells may provide a new option for therapeutic interventions in patients with expanded CD21low B cells and humoral autoimmunity.
Nonclinical, Observational Trauma Rotations in the United States provide International Students Multidisciplinary Trauma Program and Systems Education
Authors: Gracias Vicente , Gupta Raj , Silva Juan CR 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
Aim
To create a non-clinical care education alternative for low-middle-income country (LMIC) medical students in an acute care surgery (ACS) service in the United States.

Materials and methods
An observational 30-day rotation with retrospective evaluation for an international medical student occurred at a level one trauma center in the United States. Trauma morning report was used as an educational model based on some elements of the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma, Resources for Optimal Care of the Injured.

Results
Trauma morning report was held daily for the student’s 30-day experience. The trauma patients’ primary and secondary survey, images, trauma bay, and operative management were all reviewed daily. Patients’ prehospital and hospital courses were completely evaluated by the performance improvement team. The functional status, physical therapy, familial support networks, economic and health insurance record, and rehabilitation disposition were reviewed. Prior to discharge, socioeconomic barrier analysis was conducted to provide safe outpatient care plans. Education by attending surgeons for the multidisciplinary team, which was integrated by students, residents, fellows, faculty, social workers, physical therapists, advanced nurse practitioners, performance improvement coordinator, and nurse trauma manager, was conducted daily on a selected topic.

Conclusion
Trauma morning report served as an observational education in multidisciplinary trauma systems (TS) for international students. The experience in the United States provides a new perspective on systems-based trauma care for international students.

Clinical significance
The educational alternative exposed is a pathway for medical students from LMIC to increase their clinical experience, ACS knowledge, and trauma care system-based understanding. The students who opt for this kind of experience may choose a specialization in surgery, increase their research productivity, and improve the development of emergency medical services TS in their respective countries.

How to cite this article
Silva JCR, Gupta R, Gracias V, Peck G.
Nonclinical, Observational Trauma Rotations in the United States provide International Students Multidisciplinary Trauma Program and Systems Education. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2017;6(1):8-12.
Bilateral Traumatic Hemorrhage of the Basal Ganglia with Diffuse Axonal Injury: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Patil Harshad , Tadghare Jitendra , Rege Shrikant V , Narayan Sharadendu 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
Traumatic brain injury is a major public health problem, and is the leading cause of mortality, morbidity, and disability in children and young adults, especially young men (15–35 years). Bilateral traumatic basal ganglia hemorrhage (TBGH) is a rare entity with less than eight cases reported in literature. The mechanism of this injury is not well understood, and various theories based on autopsy findings have been proposed to explain this injury. Outcome of TBGH is usually favorable, unless associated with other concomitant neuroparenchymal injuries. A case of traumatic bilateral basal ganglia hematoma has been discussed here with review of available literature on the subject.
How to cite this article
Rege SV, Narayan S, Patil H, Tadghare J. Bilateral Traumatic Hemorrhage of the Basal Ganglia with Diffuse Axonal Injury: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2017;6(1):49-51.
Management of Maxillary First Molar with Six Canals using Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Madan Nidha , Gwalani Harshita 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
The probability of morphologic variations in a tooth should never be misconstrued and the cognition of these variations is the cue to successful endodontic treatment. The form, configuration, and number of root canals in maxillary first molar have been studied for more than half a century. An anatomic variation like three canals in the distal root of maxillary first molar is not frequently reported. Apart from a properly designed access cavity, well-angulated radiographs, and routine use of loupes, the practitioner should consider using cone beam computed tomography as an auxiliary method for detecting complex root canal anatomy. This clinical case report presents the successful management of maxillary first molar with six root canals with the use of computed tomography scans as a diagnostic aid.

Key Messages
The incidence of second distobuccal canal ranges from 1.64 to 9.5%. However, the incidence of third distal canal (distopalatal) is rare (<1%). This report highlights the importance of computed tomography in the successful diagnosis and management of maxillary first molar.

How to cite this article
Madan N, Gwalani H, Raisingani D, Prasad A, Srivastava H. Management of Maxillary First Molar with Six Canals using Cone Beam Computed Tomography. J Oper Dent Endod 2017;2(1):36-39.
Dental Extractions in Patients on Antiplatelet Therapy: A Clinical Study
Authors: Sushma K , Shetty Jayaprasad , Pandey Vijayendra , Mukherjee Somnath , Kumar Santosh 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCardiovascular diseases cause highest mortality and morbidity worldwide. The introduction of preventive and maintenance antiplatelet therapy has, to a certain extent, contributed to this decline. With millions of health-conscious people using anti-platelet drugs, dental practitioners are frequently confronted with clinical situations wherein a decision has to be made about patient management, in view of the medical history. The aim of this study is to assess the need to stop aspirin before minor oral surgical procedures, including simple and surgical extractions and to discuss the various measures implemented for controlling the bleeding postoperatively. This study analyzes the association of increased bleeding during and after tooth extraction or any other minor oral surgical procedures with patients on antiplatelet therapy. The aim of this study is to assess the need to stop aspirin before minor oral surgical procedures, including simple and surgical extractions, and to discuss the various measures implemented for controlling the bleeding postoperatively. The objectives of the study are to analyze association of increased bleeding during and after tooth extraction or any other minor oral surgical procedures with patients on antiplatelet therapy.
Evolution of Laparoscopy through the Ages
Authors: Yeola Meenakshi , Gode Dilip , Bora Akshay 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe field of laparoscopic surgery has experienced tremendous growth in the last three decades. The important events among them have been the invention of incandescent bulbs by Thomas Edison, the development of lens scopes (1870–1980s), the invention of rod lens system by Hopkins (1950s), the fiberoptic cold light transmission (1960s), and the computer chip video camera (1980s).Technological advancements have produced progressively smaller laparoscopic instruments and higher quality imaging that allow laparoscopic surgeons to perform precise dissection with minimal bleeding through most dissection planes, and the major limitations of standard laparoscopy procedures are overcome with these advances.The introduction and evolution of minimally invasive surgery has drastically changed the entire scenario of the ways in which surgeons are treating the patients. With the introduction of various innovative technologies like high-definition television, video systems, integrated digital reporting, head-mounted displays, surgical robotics, virtual reality training, and the integration of various modalities, such as ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, the surgeon has better knowledge of the disease, thereby, treating the patient more effectively.In this review article, we explore the evolution of laparoscopy through the ages, thereby, making way for further development in the field of minimal access surgery.
Wide Spectrum of Metacarpal Sign: Three Cases of Metacarpal Sign and Its Variants
Authors: Verma Saurabh , Phadke Kedar , Mohindra Mukul , Gogna Paritosh , Jain Jitesh 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMetacarpal sign is a diagnostic radiological finding for cases of gonadal dysgenesis, also reported to be associated in a number of other endocrine abnormalities. Technically, it refers to relative difference in the lengths of medial three metacarpals, with the fourth and fifth metacarpals being shorter than the third metacarpal. We incidentally came across three cases that have been mentioned in this report. The first case primarily came to notice because of short fourth and fifth metatarsals. Further evaluation revealed that he also had short fourth and fifth metacarpals. The second case had isolated short fifth metacarpal and was idiopathic. The third patient, a known case of idiopathic hypoparathyroid hormone deficiency, had a short third, fourth, and fifth metacarpal, which is an unreported skeletal phenotype. The latter two cases had slight variation from the classical description of metacarpal sign, and may be a part of still hidden spectrum of metacarpal phenotypes.
Black Holes—Deshielo Crónica
Authors: Chávez-Silverman Susana 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSusana Chávez-Silverman is a Califas-born U.S. Latina writer and flaneuse who (against all odds) is also an educator, although she mostly laments what’s happened to la cacademia over the last decade or so. She still finds joy and hope in being la High Priestess of SLOW to her students and former students, some of which are among her closest compinches. Of the two crónicas included in this special curated issue of cultural works in PORTAL under the theme Transitions and Dislocations, she says: ‘My writing/life took a major detour in 2016. For most of the year, I wrote nothing at all. Or rather, nothing except e-mail after email: to administrators, colleagues all over the world, attorneys, friends and relatives. I had scheduled my sabbatical in order to finish a book project, but had been derailed by a Title IX investigation and plagiarism case at my home institution, and the accompanying anxiety and anger . I returned to my book over the summer, culling and editing hundreds of pages of primary texts (letters and emails). But this book is much longer—and truer—than anything I’ve written before and takes a different kind of writing energy, uninterrupted time, and commitment. Writing from a place of anger and anxiety doesn’t serve this book. The two crónicas included in this special curated issue are not part of my book in progress, Our Ubuntu, Montenegro: del Balboa Café al Apartheid and Back. Rather, they were my way of easing back into my (he)art space. ‘Casi Víspera’ proves I did write something in 2016 after all (other than email, I mean)—I had no memory of it until early this year! ‘Black Holes’ talks about precisely this (remembering and not). I was determined not to let 2016’s plagiarism/Title IX toxic double helix continue to poison me. I wanted to begin 2017 with a bang, and wrote this for my son, for his 30th birthday.’