bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factores pronósticos médicos y sociales asociados a urolitiasis en pacientes sometidos a nefroureterolitotomía láser
Authors: Quiñones Andres , Arenas Juliana , Fernández Nicolás 
Published: April 2017

Objetivos La fibróptica láser se ha convertido con el paso de los años en el procedimiento de elección en la mayoría de los casos de urolitiasis; sin embargo, se han descrito pocas escalas de predicción de riesgo y las que hay no incluyen el tiempo en el que se hace este procedimiento. Nuestro objetivo es hacer una descripción sobre los factores que influencian los desenlaces relacionados con las complicaciones de esta cirugía.Materiales y métodos Se incluyó a 149 pacientes con patología litiásica a quienes se les realizó nefroureterolitotomía retrógrada con fragmentación láser entre los años 2012 y 2015. Se analizaron variables asociadas a las características del cálculo, la anatomía, el tiempo entre diagnóstico y la intervención y las complicaciones pre, intra y postoperatorias. Se diseñó una herramienta de recolección sobre la base de las historias clínicas y se analizó con medidas de tendencia central y de asociación.Resultados Se encontró una correlación positiva entre las complicaciones preoperatorias, intraoperatorias y especialmente en las postoperatorias con el número de días orden-cirugía, con una pendiente con tendencia positiva a medida que se intervienen los pacientes más tardíamente. En las variables relacionadas con el índice STONE, la única variable que presentó asociación positiva con el tiempo entre la orden y la cirugía fue la presencia de hidronefrosis.Conclusión La realización tardía de la ureterolitotomía láser puede tener un impacto en la morbilidad de los pacientes con patología litiásica, en especial en las complicaciones postoperatorias. Esto plantea una necesidad de priorización de los pacientes según su probabilidad de presentar complicaciones.
Understanding EROS2 observations toward the spiral arms within a classical Galactic model framework
Authors: Moniez M. , Sajadian S. , Karami M. , Rahvar S. , Ansari R. 
Published: April 2017

Aims. EROS (Expérience de Recherche d’Objets Sombres) has searched for microlensing toward four directions in the Galactic plane away from the Galactic center. The interpretation of the catalog optical depth is complicated by the spread of the source distance distribution. We compare the EROS microlensing observations with Galactic models (including the Besançon model), tuned to fit the EROS source catalogs, and take into account all observational data such as the microlensing optical depth, the Einstein crossing durations, and the color and magnitude distributions of the catalogued stars.
Methods. We simulated EROS-like source catalogs using the HIgh-Precision PARallax COllecting Satellite (Hipparcos) database, the Galactic mass distribution, and an interstellar extinction table. Taking into account the EROS star detection efficiency, we were able to produce simulated color–magnitude diagrams that fit the observed diagrams. This allows us to estimate average microlensing optical depths and event durations that are directly comparable with the measured values.
Results. Both the Besançon model and our Galactic model allow us to fully understand the EROS color–magnitude data. The average optical depths and mean event durations calculated from these models are in reasonable agreement with the observations. Varying the Galactic structure parameters through simulation, we were also able to deduce contraints on the kinematics of the disk, the disk stellar mass function (at a few kpc distance from the Sun), and the maximum contribution of a thick disk of compact objects in the Galactic plane (Mthick< 5 − 7 × 1010M⊙ at 95%, depending on the model). We also show that the microlensing data toward one of our monitored directions are significantly sensitive to the Galactic bar parameters, although much larger statistics are needed to provide competitive constraints.
Conclusions. Our simulation gives a better understanding of the lens and source spatial distributions in the microlensing events. The goodness of a global fit taking into account all the observables (from the color-magnitude diagrams and microlensing observations) shows the validity of the Galactic models. Our tests with the parameters excursions show the unique sensitivity of the microlensing data to the kinematical parameters and stellar initial mass function.
Setting Performance Standards for a Cost-Effective Human Immunodeficiency Virus Cure Strategy in South Africa
Authors: Paltiel A. David , Zheng Amy , Weinstein Milton C. , Gaynes Melanie R. , Wood Robin , Freedberg Kenneth A. , Sax Paul E. , Walensky Rochelle P. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundReports of a single case of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) eradication suggest that elimination of HIV from individuals is possible. Anticipating both increased research funding and the development of effective, durable cure technologies, we describe the circumstances under which a cure might improve survival and be cost-effective in South Africa.MethodsWe adapted a simulation model comparing a hypothetical cure strategy (“Cure”) to the standard of care, lifetime antiretroviral therapy (“LifetimeART”) among adherent South Africans (58% female; mean age 33.8 years; mean CD4 257/µL; virologic suppression ≥1 year). We portrayed cure as a single intervention, producing sustained viral eradication without ART. We considered both a plausible, more imminently achievable “Baseline Scenario” and a more aspirational “Optimistic Scenario”. Inputs (Baseline/Optimistic) included the following: 50%/75% efficacy; 0.6%/0.0% fatal toxicity; 0.37%/0.085% monthly relapse over 5 years (0.185%/0.0425% per month thereafter); and $2000/$500 cost. These inputs were varied extensively in sensitivity analysis.ResultsAt baseline, Cure was “dominated,” yielding lower discounted life expectancy (19.31 life-years [LY] vs 19.37 LY) and greater discounted lifetime costs ($13 800 vs $13 700) than LifetimeART. Under optimistic assumptions, Cure was “cost-saving,” producing greater survival (19.91 LY) and lower lifetime costs ($11 000) than LifetimeART. Findings were highly sensitive to data assumptions, leaving little middle ground where a tradeoff existed between improved survival and higher costs.ConclusionsOnly under the most favorable performance assumptions will an HIV cure strategy prove clinically and economically justifiable in South Africa. The scientific pursuit of a cure should not undermine continued expansions of access to proven, effective, and cost-effective ART.
Clinical Updates in Women’s Health Care Summary: Arrhythmias
Authors: Fuller Brittany S. , Voeltz Michele D. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
Obstetrician–gynecologists often are the sole providers of health care to female patients. Because cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women in the United States, obstetrician– gynecologists must be aware of the risk factors, symptoms, and signs of cardiovascular disease and arrhythmia. Furthermore, they must be prepared to identify and treat common types of arrhythmia in this population and refer patients to cardiology for specialized care. Understanding the role of pregnancy among women with arrhythmia is critically important to optimize both maternal and fetal outcomes. This monograph discusses the cardiac conduction system and addresses the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of both pregnant and nonpregnant patients with heart rhythm disorders.
Interprosthetic and Peri-Implant Fractures: Principles of Operative Fixation and Future Directions
Authors: Liporace Frank A. , Yoon Richard S. , Collinge Cory A. 
Published: April 2017

Summary:
Advances in medicine and orthopaedic implant technology have dramatically increased the number of patients sustaining interprosthetic, inter-, or peri-implant fractures. For these complex clinical scenarios, there are currently no available treatment algorithms. In this review, we outline the principles, strategies, and techniques to obtain both successful reconstruction and maximum function.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level V. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Both Positive and Negative Fluid Balance May Be Associated With Reduced Long-Term Survival in the Critically Ill
Authors: Balakumar Vikram , Murugan Raghavan , Sileanu Florentina E. , Palevsky Paul , Clermont Gilles , Kellum John A. 
Published: April 2017

Objectives:
Among critically ill patients with acute kidney injury, exposure to positive fluid balance, compared with negative fluid balance, has been associated with mortality and impaired renal recovery. However, it is unclear whether positive and negative fluid balances are associated with poor outcome compared to patients with even fluid balance (euvolemia). In this study, we examined the association between exposure to positive or negative fluid balance, compared with even fluid balance, on 1-year mortality and renal recovery.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Eight medical-surgical ICUs at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA.

Patients:
Critically ill patients admitted between July 2000 and October 2008.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Among 18,084 patients, fluid balance was categorized as negative (< 0%), even (0% to < 5%), or positive (≥ 5%). Following propensity matching, positive fluid balance, compared with even or negative fluid balance, was associated with increased mortality (30.3% vs 21.1% vs 22%, respectively; p < 0.001). Using Gray’s model, negative fluid balance, compared with even fluid balance, was associated with lower short-term mortality (adjusted hazard ratio range, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.68–0.96) but higher long-term mortality (adjusted hazard ratio range, 1.16–1.22; p = 0.004). Conversely, positive fluid balance was associated with higher mortality throughout 1-year (adjusted hazard ratio range, 1.30–1.92; p < 0.001), which was attenuated in those who received renal replacement therapy (positive fluid balance × renal replacement therapy interaction (adjusted hazard ratio range, 0.43–0.89; p < 0.001). Of patients receiving renal replacement therapy, neither positive (adjusted odds ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.68–1.4) nor negative (adjusted odds ratio, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.43–1.55) fluid balance was associated with renal recovery.

Conclusions:
Among critically ill patients, exposure to positive or negative fluid balance, compared with even fluid balance, was associated with higher 1-year mortality. This mortality risk associated with positive fluid balance, however, was attenuated by use of renal replacement therapy. We found no association between fluid balance and renal recovery.
Brief Report: HPV-17 Infection in Darier Disease With Acrokeratosis Verrucosis of Hopf
Authors: Matsumoto Andrew , Gregory Neal , Rady Peter L. , Tyring Stephen K. , Carlson John A. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract:
The co-existence of Darier disease (DD) and acrokeratosis verruciformis of Hopf (AKV) has been noted for decades and the relationship between the 2 entities remains controversial. Although, it has been shown that both diseases are associated with mutations in ATPA2 gene, it is yet to be determined if they are the same disease, or separate but allelic, or interlinked in some other fashion. Herein, the authors report the case of a 13-year-old girl presenting with shiny flat-topped verruca plana–like papules, on the dorsal hands and feet and red–brown crusted papules on her forehead and along the sides of her neck. Histological evaluation of a wart-like lesion shows features of AKV, a verruca plana–like histopathology and focal acantholytic dyskeratosis. Forehead biopsy also demonstrated focal acantholytic dyskeratosis supporting the diagnosis of DD. Polymerase chain reaction for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA detected HPV-17, a human betapapillomavirus in the verruca plana–like papule. Cytoplasmic expression of the L1 capsid expression was seen in areas of hypergranulosis. The presence of productive betaPV infection in the setting of DD and AKV suggests a susceptibility to HPV infection.
ALK Expression is a Rare Finding in Mycosis Fungoides
Authors: Covington Morgan , Cassarino David , Abdulla Farah 
Published: April 2017

Abstract:
Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Although indolent in its early stages, MF is more aggressive in advanced stages, particularly if large cell transformation occurs. Histologically, transformed MF is similar to primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (pcALCL) and nodal ALCL (nALCL). MF had not been associated with immunohistochemical expression of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) until we previously reported a case documenting the presence of ALK by immunohistochemistry in a patient with stage IA MF and concurrent nALCL. This is a unique finding due to the fact that ALK positivity is usually found in nALCL. The goal of this study is to examine the extent to which ALK may be expressed in the different morphologic lesions of MF. One hundred three biopsies from 96 patients, including the patient from the original case, with confirmed MF representing various lesion stages and subtypes, were tested for ALK by immunohistochemical staining. Out of the 103 biopsies, only the original index case of Stage IA MF with concurrent nALCL expressed ALK. From these results, we conclude that ALK is not routinely present in MF in any lesion stage or variant type. Routine staining of ALK is therefore of no additional benefit for the workup of known early stage MF; however, its use may be beneficial in the initial workup of unspecified large cell lymphomas of the skin.
Neutrophilic Figurate Erythema
Authors: Wu Yu-Hung , Hsiao Pa-Fan 
Published: April 2017

Abstract:
Neutrophilic figurate erythema (NFE) has been rarely reported. This study aimed to identify the clinical and pathological features of NFE. We retrospectively reviewed the information from diagnostic cases from 2000 to 2013. The diagnosis of NFE includes clinically annular rash, histopathologically predominant neutrophilic perivascular and interstitial infiltrate in the dermis without evidence of vasculitis, and exclusion of other known specific entities. Fifteen cases of NFE were identified, including 11 women and 4 men. The age distribution was 18–66 years (average 41). The major characteristic patterns in NFE were blistering annular erythema (5/15 patients), purpuric annular erythema with vesicles (4/15 patients), and multiple annular rash with central ring-shaped scales (4/15 patients). There was no specific predicted location and no association with a major systemic disease. Papillary dermal edema and mild-to-moderate leukocytoclasis in the upper dermis are the main histopathological features. Ten of the 15 patients had recurrent episodes. Two patients who had single episode were associated with drug reaction. Antineutrophil therapy was required to control the symptoms in 3 patients. NFE has a similar clinical course as erythema annulare centrifugum but has distinct features that can be recognized clinically. The pathologists should be aware of the entity when making the diagnosis of neutrophil-mediated inflammatory disorders. The treatment regimen for neutrophilic dermatoses may be needed to manage the skin lesions.
Clozapine-Associated Agranulocytosis Treatment With Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor
Authors: Lally John , Malik Steffi , Whiskey Eromona , Taylor David M. , Gaughran Fiona P. , Krivoy Amir , Flanagan Robert J. , Mijovic Aleksandar , MacCabe James H. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Purpose/Background
Clozapine is associated with hematological abnormalities, notably neutropenia, which may progress to agranulocytosis. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) have been used to reduce the frequency and duration of clozapine-associated neutropenia. This review aims to explore the use, efficacy, and tolerability of these cytokines in the treatment of clozapine-associated agranulocytosis.

Methods/Procedures
We conducted a systematic review of published interventional and observational studies, case series, and case reports where G-CSF/GM-CSF was used to treat clozapine-associated agranulocytosis.

Findings/Results
We identified 29 reports (40 patients). The median duration of neutrophil recovery time after stopping clozapine and starting cytokine treatment was 7 days (range, 2–13 days) for those with agranulocytosis (absolute neutrophil count < 0.5 × 109 cells/L). Ninety-four percent (n = 29) had no serious adverse reactions, and no deaths occurred.

Implications/Conclusions
Our findings indicate that G-CSF/GM-CSF use is well tolerated and suggest that G-CSF can sometimes be safely used to reduce the duration of neutropenia associated with clozapine use. However, the interpretation of this outcome is difficult, given the likely publication bias for positive outcomes in case reports.
Sonotubometric Assessment for Severity of Patulous Eustachian Tube
Authors: Takata Iori , Ikeda Ryoukichi , Kawase Tetsuaki , Suzuki Yoko , Sato Takeshi , Katori Yukio , Kobayashi Toshimitsu 
Published: April 2017

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the morphological patency of the eustachian tube (ET) and sound transmission via the ET.Study Design:Retrospective chart review and model experiment.Setting:Tertiary referral center.Subjects:A total of 56 ears of 28 patients (9 men and 19 women, aged from 12 to 82 yr, mean 40.4 ± 21.5 yr) who underwent sonotubometric measurement using postural change as well as computed tomography (CT) of the ET in the sitting position, including 26 ears with definite patulous ET, 9 ears with possible patulous ET, and 21 ears without patulous ET.Method:Commercial equipment for sonotubometry (JK-05A; RION Co., Ltd., Kokubunji, Tokyo, Japan) was used in the following two investigations. Retrospective survey: sound patency of 7 kHz band noise via the ET was assessed by comparison of acoustic transfer function via the ET in the sitting and forward-bending positions. Sound patency via the ET was compared with morphological patency of the ET (cross-sectional area in the narrowest portion) assessed by three-dimensional CT of the ET in the sitting position. Model experiment: effect of the ET caliber on the acoustic transfer function was examined using a simple model constructed with two truncated syringes with silicone barrels and a narrow connecting tube.Results:Sound patency assessed by sonotubometry was well correlated with the cross-sectional area at the narrowest portion of the ET in the sitting position (r = 0.786,p < 0.001). Correlation between the sound patency via the narrow tube and the caliber of the tube was also confirmed by the model experiment.Conclusions:Sound patency assessed by sonotubometry using 7 kHz band noise could be useful to predict the morphological severity of patulous ET.
Development of a Claims-based Frailty Indicator Anchored to a Well-established Frailty Phenotype
Authors: Segal Jodi B. , Chang Hsien-Yen , Du Yu , Walston Jeremy D. , Carlson Michelle C. , Varadhan Ravi 
Published: April 2017

Background:Fried and colleagues described a frailty phenotype measured in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). This phenotype is manifest when ≥3 of the following are present: low grip strength, low energy, slowed waking speed, low physical activity, or unintentional weight loss. We sought to approximate frailty phenotype using only administrative claims data to enable frailty to be assessed without physical performance measures.Study Design:We used the CHS cohort data linked to participants Medicare claims. The reference standard was the frailty phenotype measured at visits 5 and 9. With penalized logistic regression, we developed a parsimonious index for predicting the frailty phenotype using a linear combination of diagnoses, operationalized with claims data. We assessed the predictive validity of frailty index by examining how well it predicted common aging-related outcomes including hospitalization, disability, and death.Results:There were 4454 CHS participants from 4 clinical sites. In total, 84% were white, 58% were women and their mean age was 72 years at enrollment. Approximately 11% of the cohort was frail. The model had an area under the receiver operating curve of 0.75 to concurrently predict a frailty phenotype. This Claims-based Frailty Indicator significantly predicted death (odds ratio, 1.84), time to death (hazards ratio, 1.71), number of hospital admissions (incidence rate ratio, 1.74), and nursing home admission (odds ratio, 1.47) in models adjusted for age and sex.Conclusions:Claims data alone can be used to classify individuals as frail and nonfrail. The Claims-based Frailty Indicator might be used in research with large datasets for confounding adjustment or risk prediction. The indicator might also be used for emergency preparedness for identification of regions enriched with frail individuals.
Interpreting lipoproteins in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Nemes Katriina , Åberg Fredrik 
Published: April 2017

Purpose of review
The pathophysiologies of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease are closely interlinked and associated with atherogenic dyslipidemia. Liver and cardiovascular disease may silently progress to advanced stages if alarming signs, such as abdominal obesity, elevated fasting and postprandial triglycerides, and low HDL cholesterol are overlooked. We review the metabolic mechanisms in NAFLD at the cellular level in the context of standard clinical lipid measurements.

Recent findings
We discuss the pathogenesis of NAFLD, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and metabolic syndrome, atherogenic dyslipidemia, lipotoxicity, and lipophagy.

Summary
Physicians should infer from biomarkers or clinical findings that their abdominally obese patients are at risk of severe cardiovascular, liver fatty disease, or both. Physicians should carry out laboratory tests of plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and HDL cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B and platelets, and for diabetes, but importantly, plasma triglycerides also in the nonfasting state. But note, clinical routine plasma lipid and lipoprotein measurements are not necessarily reliable for interpreting severe metabolic changes. Notably, in advanced stages of NAFLD (i.e., late steatohepatitis and cirrhosis), routine lipid profiles do not necessarily show any more abnormalities.