bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of an Acid‐modified TiO2 Surface for Degradation of the Azo Dye Remazol Red
Authors: Afrin Unjila , Mian Mohammad Rasel , Breedlove Brian K. , Hossain Md. Mufazzal 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEffects of acid‐modified crystalline titania (TiO2) on the photocatalytic degradation of the azo dye Remazol Red (RR) were investigated in order to design an effective catalyst for removing azo dye compounds from contaminated waste streams. The mechanism for RR photodegradation with acid‐modified TiO2 (m‐TiO2) was investigated using UV‐visible spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Modification of the TiO2 surface with hydrochloric acid (HCl) resulted in enhanced RR photodecomposition in water. The RR photodecomposition reactions are 19% more efficient than those with pure commercial TiO2 under UV radiation. The coupling between RR and TiO2 was improved by treating TiO2 with HCl. As a result, transfer of electrons from the conduction band of TiO2 to the RR was enhanced. The modification of crystalline TiO2 surface with HCl is a useful method for enhancing photodegradation of RR.
Decoration of Ultrathin MoS2 Nanoflakes over MWCNTs: Enhanced Supercapacitive Performance through Electrode to Symmetric All‐Solid‐State Device
Authors: Karade Swapnil S. , Dubal Deepak P. , Sankapal Babasaheb R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractUltrathin nanoflakes surface architecture of MoS2 thin film has been successfully decorated by simple and inexpensive chemical bath deposition onto dip and dry coated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to compare electrochemical performance with respect to individual MWCNTs and MoS2 thin films on flexible stainless steel (SS) substrates. Two dimensional thin films of MWCNTs, MoS2 and MoS2/MWCNTs (MCT) have been characterized through X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photospectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and scanning/transmission electron microscopes. The unique nanostructured morphology of well anchored nanoflakes over MWCNTs enhances the value of specific capacitance and improves the cycle stability compare to bare MoS2. Strikingly, all‐solid‐state (ASS) symmetric SS/MCT//MCT/SS supercapacitor device has been constructed using flexible stainless steel substrate with the aid of PVA‐LiClO4 gel electrolyte and results are discussed herein.
Calcination‐Dependent Morphology Transformation of Sol‐Gel‐ Synthesized MgO Nanoparticles
Authors: Jeevanandam Jaison , Chan Yen San , Danquah Michael K. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSol‐gel synthesis is a widely accepted method of producing nanoparticles with high surface area‐to‐volume ratio and purity at relatively low temperatures. For metal oxide nanoparticle synthesis, sol‐gel maintains a good metal oxide composition with controlled chemical structure and the ability to fine‐tune morphology and size. Magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles possess unique physicochemical characteristics that have enabled a wide range of applications from catalysis to disease treatment. The potential features of MgO nanoparticles are significantly affected by their shape and size. However, research investigating the thermo‐molecular mechanisms governing the size and shape formation of MgO nanoparticles during sol‐gel synthesis is limited. This study investigates the effect of sol‐gel synthesis conditions on the shape and size as well as other functional features of MgO nanoparticles. The results demonstrated that the size and shape alterations of MgO nanoparticles were dependent on changes in calcination temperature and also the presence of periclase phase along with their crystallinity and functional groups. TEM analysis showed the morphological evolution during the synthesis process from spherical to hexagonal and from hexagonal to rod shape. By varying the calcination temperature and gelling agent composition in sol‐gel synthesis, MgO nanoparticles with different size distributions and morphologies can be generated for various applications. The current study reveals that the gelling agent is responsible for sol‐gel phase formation which eventually affects the calcination temperature for the formation of morphologically different MgO nanoparticles.
Heterogeneous Hydroamination over Supported Ionic Liquid‐ Stabilized Copper Ions and Its Mechanistic Study
Authors: Sengupta Manideepa , Das Subhasis , Bag Arijit , Lefebvre Frederic , Bordoloi Ankur 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCuII ions immobilized on supported ionic liquid phase (Cu@SILP), using imidazolium‐based ionic liquids grafted on functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes and efficiently utilised as catalyst in selective heterogeneous hydroamination of aromatic terminal alkynes with anilines. Large turnover numbers (TON) and selectivity (> 99%) towards Markovnikov's addition product was achieved. To recognize the structure‐activity relationship, the catalyst was characterized using Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infra‐red (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, solid state NMR. Further mechanistic pathway of hydroamination with Cu@SILP has been predicted by performing Density Functional Theory (DFT).
Development and Application of an NMR‐Based Assay for Polyphenol Oxidases
Authors: Li Yu , Zafar Ayesha , Kilmartin Paul A. , Reynisson Jóhannes , Leung Ivanhoe K. H. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPolyphenol oxidases (PPOs) are enzymes that catalyse the oxidation of phenolic compounds. We report a NMR‐based assay that can be used as a screening and validation tool for PPO activity modulators, which was demonstrated using a series of PPO inhibitors and antioxidants. This method is exemplified by work in tandem with virtual screening and molecular modelling, which led to the discovery of several novel PPO inhibitors.
A new durophagous stem cheloniid turtle from the lower Paleocene of Cabinda, Angola
Authors: Myers Timothy S. , Polcyn Michael J. , Mateus Octávio , Vineyard Diana P. , Gonçalves António Olímpio , Jacobs Louis L. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA new stem cheloniid turtle, Cabindachelys landanensis, gen. et sp. nov., is represented by a nearly complete skull and partial hyoid collected in lower Paleocene shallow marine deposits, equivalent to the offshore Landana Formation, near the town of Landana in Cabinda, Angola. A partial chelonioid carapace previously reported from this locality is referred here to C. landanensis. Cabindachelys landanensis possesses clear synapomorphies of Pan‐Cheloniidae, including a rod‐like rostrum basisphenoidale, V‐shaped basisphenoid crest, and secondary palate, but also retains a reduced foramen palatinum posterius, unlike most other pan‐cheloniids. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that C. landanensis forms a weakly‐supported clade with Erquelinnesia gosseleti, Euclastes acutirostris, Euclastes wielandi and Terlinguachelys fischbecki, although a close relationship between the protostegid T. fischbecki and these durophagous pan‐cheloniids is unlikely. The Paleocene–Eocene strata near Landana have produced a number of turtle fossils, including the holotype specimen of the pleurodire Taphrosphys congolensis. A turtle humerus collected c. 1 m above the holotype skull of C. landanensis differs from humeri of chelonioids and Taphrosphys, indicating that a third turtle taxon is present at Landana. Cheloniid fossil material is rare in the Landana assemblage, in comparison with the abundant remains of Taphrosphys congolensis found throughout the stratigraphic section. This disparity implies that C. landanensis preferred open marine habitats, whereas Taphrosphys congolensis spent more time in nearshore environments. The appearance of new durophagous species such as C. landanensis in the early Paleocene reflects the rapid radiation of pan‐cheloniids as they diversified into open niches following the K–Pg extinction.
Atomistic modeling of graphene/hexagonal boron nitride polymer nanocomposites: a review
Authors: Verma Akarsh , Parashar Avinash , Packirisamy M. 
Published: November 2017

Due to their exceptional properties, graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) nanofillers are emerging as potential candidates for reinforcing the polymer‐based nanocomposites. Graphene and h‐BN have comparable mechanical and thermal properties, whereas due to high band gap in h‐BN (~5 eV), have contrasting electrical conductivities. Atomistic modeling techniques are viable alternatives to the costly and time‐consuming experimental techniques, and are accurate enough to predict the mechanical properties, fracture toughness, and thermal conductivities of graphene and h‐BN‐based nanocomposites. Success of any atomistic model entirely depends on the type of interatomic potential used in simulations. This review article encompasses different types of interatomic potentials that can be used for the modeling of graphene, h‐BN, and corresponding nanocomposites, and further elaborates on developments and challenges associated with the classical mechanics‐based approach along with synergic effects of these nano reinforcements on host polymer matrix.This article is categorized under:

Molecular and Statistical Mechanics > Molecular Mechanics
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science
Molecular and Statistical Mechanics > Molecular Dynamics and Monte‐Carlo Methods
Saccharomyces cerevisiae × Saccharomyces uvarum hybrids generated under different conditions share similar winemaking features
Authors: Origone Andrea Cecilia , Rodríguez María Eugenia , Oteiza Juan Martín , Querol Amparo , Lopes Christian Ariel 
Published: November 2017

AbstractInterspecific hybrids among species in the Saccharomyces genus are frequently detected in anthropic habitats and can also be obtained easily in the laboratory. This occurs because the most important genetic barriers among Saccharomyces species are post‐zygotic. Depending on several factors, including the involved strains, the hybridization mechanism and stabilization conditions, hybrids that bear differential genomic constitutions, and hence phenotypic variability, can be obtained. In the present study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae × Saccharomyces uvarum hybrids were constructed using genetically and physiologically different S. uvarum parents at distinct temperatures (13 and 20°C). The effect of those variables on the main oenological features of the wines obtained with these hybrids was evaluated. Hybrids were successfully obtained in all cases. However, genetic stabilization based on successive fermentations in white wine at 13°C was significantly longer than that at 20°C. Our results demonstrated that, irrespective of the S. uvarum parent and temperature used for hybrid generation and stabilization, similar physicochemical and aromatic features were found in wines. The hybrids generated herein were characterized by low ethanol production, high glycerol synthesis and the capacity to grow at low temperature and to produce malic acid with particular aroma profiles. These features make these hybrids useful for the new winemaking industry within the climate change era frame. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐Term Outcome After Surgery for Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Single‐Center Experience
Authors: Torresan Francesca , Cavedon Elisabetta , Mian Caterina , Iacobone Maurizio 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundMedullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare C cells‐derived tumor, with a hardly predictable long‐term prognosis. This study was aimed to evaluate the predictive factors of cure and survival after surgery for MTC in a monocentric series.MethodsA retrospective analysis of the long‐term outcomes was assessed in 255 MTC patients operated between 1980 and 2015 at Padua University hospital.ResultsSporadic MTC occurred in 65.1% and hereditary MTC in 34.9% of patients. At a median follow‐up of 93 months (range 7–430), the cure rate was 56.8%. The overall 10‐year survival was 84.4%, and MTC‐related death rate was 15.3%. Patients who died because of MTC had a median age of 61 years (range 21–84) and were at stages III–IV in all cases; deaths occurred in 18% of sporadic MTC, 6% of MEN2a and 66.7% of MEN2b patients. None of the patients at stages I–II died because of the disease, but 17.7% had persistent/recurrent disease. Based on univariate analysis, age, gender, genetic variant, extent and year of surgery, tumor size, lymph‐nodal metastases and tumor stage significantly affected cure and survival rates. At multivariate analysis, only patient‐ and tumor‐related features (age, lymph‐nodal status and stage) remained significant independent prognostic factors.ConclusionsRadical surgery is the only chance of definitive cure in MTC, but it is possible only at early stage; in advanced stages, even extensive surgery could not grant cure and prolonged survival. Stage, nodal metastases and age remain the main predictive factors for cure and survival.
Surgery for Primary Hyperparathyroidism with Normal Non‐suppressed Parathyroid Hormone can be Both Challenging and Successful
Authors: Orr Lauren E. , McKenzie Travis J. , Thompson Geoffrey B. , Farley David R. , Wermers Robert A. , Lyden Melanie L. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundCriteria for diagnosing primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) include hypercalcemia in the presence of parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels that are either elevated (classic PHPT) or normal but non‐suppressed. However, there is no standard definition of what constitutes normal non‐suppressed levels, and data are lacking regarding the potential for surgical cure in these patients.MethodsA retrospective review of patients undergoing parathyroidectomy for sporadic PHPT between 2012 and 2014 was performed. Patients with normal PTH were compared to classic PHPT patients to assess demographics, imaging, operative findings, and outcomes.ResultsIn total, 332 patients met study criteria, and 60 (18%) had normal PTH levels. Negative sestamibi scans were seen more often with normal PTH levels (18.3 vs. 4.8%, p < 0.001). Patients with normal PTH were more likely to have ≥2 glands removed (26.7 vs. 14.3%, p = 0.02), and the specimens were more likely to be classified as only mildly hypercellular or normocellular (20 vs. 2.9%, p < 0.001). Average follow‐up was 24 months (range 6–55). Cure rate was 88% in the normal PTH group, compared to 96% in classic PHPT (p = 0.02). Among patients with normal PTH, those with PTH ≤ 55 pg/mL had an 83% cure rate, whereas those with PTH 56–65 had a 96% cure rate (p = 0.12).ConclusionsParathyroidectomy can have a high cure rate in the context of normal PTH levels despite an increased likelihood of negative imaging and multigland resection. Operative success is equivalent to classic PHPT when PTH levels are > 55 pg/mL.
Outcome of Thyroid Carcinoma Showing Thymus‐Like Differentiation in Patients Undergoing Radical Resection
Authors: Dong Wenwu , Zhang Ping , Li Jian , He Liang , Wang Zhihong , Zhang Ting , Shao Liang , Zhang Hao 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundCarcinoma showing thymus‐like differentiation (CASTLE) is a rare malignant tumor of the thyroid. It is difficult to diagnose, and there is no universally recognized therapeutic regimen. This study aims to define the clinicopathological features and discuss the optimal management of CASTLE.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed six patients with CASTLE who accepted surgery at the First Hospital of China Medical University between January 2010 and December 2015.ResultsThe six patients (three women and three men) had median age of 53 years (range 47–61 years). All patients presented with a slow‐growing, painless neck mass; three patients also had hoarseness. All tumors were located in middle‐lower or lower lobe, and two tumors extended to the substernal region. All patients underwent radical surgery without postoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Five patients had extrathyroidal extension and two had lymph node metastasis. All six tumors were positive for CD5 and negative for thyroglobulin (Tg) and thyroid transcription factor (TTF)‐1. Median follow‐up was 32 months (range 23–81 months). Lateral cervical lymph node metastasis occurred in one patient at 26 months after initial treatment.ConclusionsCASTLE is a rare, aggressive malignant tumor of the thyroid. Ultrasound, computed tomography, and fine‐needle aspiration biopsy may not be sufficient to establish the diagnosis preoperatively; pathological examination and immunohistochemistry, particularly positive CD5 staining, are necessary to establish the diagnosis. Patients with CASTLE can yield a favorable outcome after radical surgery.
Comparison of Surgical Outcomes Between Robotic and Laparoscopic Distal Gastrectomy for cT1 Gastric Cancer
Authors: Hikage Makoto , Tokunaga Masanori , Makuuchi Rie , Irino Tomoyuki , Tanizawa Yutaka , Bando Etsuro , Kawamura Taiichi , Terashima Masanori 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing numbers of patients are treated by robotic distal gastrectomy (RDG); however, it remains unclear whether RDG is clinically comparable with conventional laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (LDG). This study aimed to clarify the feasibility of RDG from safety aspects.MethodsThe study included 109 cT1 gastric cancer patients who underwent RDG at Shizuoka Cancer Center from January 2012 to April 2015. Short‐term outcomes were compared with 160 cT1 gastric cancer patients who underwent LDG during the same period.ResultsPatient characteristics were well matched. The RDG patients experienced longer operative times (323 min) than LDG patients (285 min; P < 0.001), although all other surgical outcomes were comparable between the groups. Drain amylase levels on POD 1 were significantly lower in the RDG group compared to LDG cases (median 452 U/L and 892 U/L; P < 0.001). The incidence of all complications was similar across the study patients, although intra‐abdominal infectious complications tended to be lower in the RDG group than in the LDG group (2.8 and 8.1%; P = 0.112).ConclusionsRDG was comparable to LDG in terms of feasibility for cT1 gastric cancer. RDG has the potential to reduce pancreas damage and thus to decrease intra‐abdominal infectious complications.
Theory does not meet experiment: transient dynamics changes patterns of exclusion in an intraguild predation system
Authors: Maciel Gabriel Andreguetto , Kraenkel Roberto André 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAlthough empirical verifications of ecological theory are essential for the advance of our understanding of ecosystems functioning, they are often hard to obtain or even impractical. In this work we perform a detailed analysis of unexpected results found in a previous test of intraguild predation (IGP) theory. When the IG prey is the stronger competitor the IGP theory predicts a clear dynamical pattern along a resource gradient. In particular, the IG predator is expected to be excluded at low resources. In the experiment we analyze, IG prey was excluded at a resource level where the IG predator should be eliminated. We use a simple IGP model parametrized using mainly preliminary tests of the experiment. We suggest that experiment and theory agree if we look to the transient dynamics instead of asymptotic states, in which the usual theory is based. We show that extremely low IG prey populations during the transient may drive it to extinction and prevent the system from reaching long‐term states. Our results are shown to be robust with respect to changes in initial conditions and parameters.
Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Amenamevir in Healthy Subjects: Analysis of Four Randomized Phase 1 Studies
Authors: Kusawake Tomohiro , Keirns James J. , Kowalski Donna , den Adel Martin , Groenendaal-van de Meent Dorien , Takada Akitsugu , Ohtsu Yoshiaki , Katashima Masataka 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Introduction
Amenamevir (ASP2151) is a nonnucleoside antiherpesvirus compound available for the treatment of varicella–zoster virus infections. In this article we summarize the findings of four phase 1 studies in healthy participants.

Methods
Four randomized phase 1 studies investigated the safety and pharmacokinetics of single and multiple doses of amenamevir, including the assessment of age group effect (nonelderly vs elderly), food effect, and the relative bioavailability of two formulations. Amenamevir was administered orally at various doses as a single dose (5–2400 mg) or daily (300 or 600 mg/day) for 7 days.

Results
Following single and multiple oral doses, amenamevir demonstrated a less than dose proportional increase in the pharmacokinetic parameters area under the plasma drug concentration versus time curve from time zero to infinity (AUCinf) and Cmax. After single and multiple oral 300-mg doses of amenamevir, no apparent differences in pharmacokinetics were observed between nonelderly and elderly participants. In contrast, with the amenamevir 600-mg dose both the area under the plasma drug concentration versus time curve from time zero to 24 h and Cmax were slightly increased and renal clearance was decreased in elderly participants. The pharmacokinetics of amenamevir was affected by food, with AUCinf increased by about 90%. In the bioavailability study, AUCinf and Cmax were slightly lower following tablet versus capsule administration (decreased by 14 and 12%, respectively), with relative bioavailability of 86%. The different amenamevir doses and formulations were safe and well tolerated; no deaths or serious adverse events were reported.

Conclusion
Amenamevir had less than dose proportional pharmacokinetic characteristics. Age may have an influence on amenamevir pharmacokinetics; however, the effect was considered minimal. The pharmacokinetics of amenamevir were affected by food, with AUCinf almost doubling when amenamevir was administered with food. The concentration versus time profile of the tablet was slightly lower than that of the capsule; the relative bioavailability of the tablet versus the capsule was 86%. Amenamevir was safe and well tolerated in the dose range investigated.

Funding
Astellas Pharma.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers NCT02852876 (15L-CL-002) and NCT02796118 (15L-CL-003).
Dynamical boson stars
Authors: Liebling Steven L. , Palenzuela Carlos 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe idea of stable, localized bundles of energy has strong appeal as a model for particles. In the 1950s, John Wheeler envisioned such bundles as smooth configurations of electromagnetic energy that he called geons, but none were found. Instead, particle-like solutions were found in the late 1960s with the addition of a scalar field, and these were given the name boson stars. Since then, boson stars find use in a wide variety of models as sources of dark matter, as black hole mimickers, in simple models of binary systems, and as a tool in finding black holes in higher dimensions with only a single Killing vector. We discuss important varieties of boson stars, their dynamic properties, and some of their uses, concentrating on recent efforts.
A person's a person, no matter how divine? The question of univocity and personhood in Richard of St Victor'sDe Trinitate
Authors: Stratis Justin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis article offers a reading of Richard of St Victor's medieval treatiseOn the Trinity. It suggests that while Richard interrogates the question of trinitarian personhood in innovative ways, his contribution lies in the way he emphasises hownatureinfluences the criteria for personhood with respect to different modes of existence. Thus, while human personhood shares certain features in common with divine personhood, the two concepts must remain distinguishable with reference to the type of natures they uniquely ‘person’. This conclusion may serve to chastise modern forms of trinitarianism which assume ‘univocity’ of divine and human personhood too hastily.