bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic management of bile leaks after liver transplantation: An analysis of two high-volume transplant centers
Authors: Sendino Oriol , Fernández-Simon Alejandro , Law Ryan , Abu Dayyeh Barham , Leise Michael , Chavez-Rivera Karina , Cordova Henry , Colmenero Jordi , Crespo Gonzalo , Rodriguez de Miguel Cristina , Fondevila Constantino , Llach Josep , Navasa Miquel , Baron Todd , Cárdenas Andrés 
Published: May 2017

Background Bile leak after liver transplantation (LT) is commonly treated with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP); however, there are limited data regarding the optimal treatment strategy. Objective We aimed to examine the role of ERCP in LT recipients with bile leaks at two large institutions. Methods We reviewed all ERCPs performed in LT recipients with bile leak and duct-to-duct biliary anastomosis at two high-volume transplant centers. Results Eighty patients were included. Forty-seven (59%) patients underwent ERCP with plastic stent placement (with or without sphincterotomy) and 33 patients (41%) underwent sphincterotomy alone. Complete resolution was obtained in 94% of the stent group vs. 58% of the sphincterotomy group ( p < 0.01). There was no difference in three-month survival among both groups. Percutaneous transhepatic therapy and surgery were required in 4% and 6% in the stent group vs. 12% and 42% in the sphincterotomy group, respectively ( p = 0.22 and p < 0.001). The only predictive factor of bile leak resolution was stent placement. Conclusion ERCP with plastic stent placement is highly successful and more effective than sphincterotomy alone for post-LT bile leak treatment. These results indicate that ERCP and plastic stent placement should be considered the standard of care for the treatment of bile leaks in LT.
Full-field infrared phase sensitive thermography for microstructural investigation of giant magnetostrictive materials
Authors: Yang Peng , Law Chiu T. , Elhajjar Rani F. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Background
Giant magnetostrictive materials are increasingly proposed for smart material applications such as in sensors, actuators, and energy harvesting applications. However, reviewing the literature on this topic, the reader observes a large amount of variability in the reported properties that are typically generated from overall strain or point-value strain measurements obtained with strain gages using the far field estimate to project the internal magnetic field in the specimen.

Methods
A full-field phase-sensitive thermography method is proposed to correlate the full-field infrared measurements to changes in the microstructure induced by a cyclic magnetic field in a giant magnetostrictive alloy material.

Results
The results show the potential of the proposed method in rapidly uncovering the effects of geometry and defects on the magnetostrictive response. The results show responses at the microstructure level from both magnetocaloric and magnetostrictive effects.

Conclusions
The effects of the magnetostrictive material’s microstructural spatial variability and the specimen geometry on the localized magnetostrictive response warrant serious considerations but so far have not received significant attention. The method proposed is capable of highlighting magneto-elastic coupling in the composite specimens using the cycle magnetic field.
The “Comfort” Of Critical Consolidation: Pedagogy, Ethical Alienation, and Asian American Literary Studies
Authors: Chen Tina 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
This article proposes ethical alienation as a critical pedagogical practice by analyzing the neoteric critical consolidation of Asian American literary and cultural studies, a consolidation marked by the recent (and near simultaneous) publication of four major compendiums—The Routledge Companion to Asian American and Pacific Islander Literature (Lee 2014), Keywords for Asian American Studies (Schlund-Vials, Vo, and Wong 2015), The Cambridge Companion to Asian American Literature (Parikh and Kim 2015), and The Cambridge History of Asian American Literature (Srikanth and Song 2015). The publication of these four compendiums within the span of a year signals a pivotal moment in Asian American literary and cultural studies, one that both recognizes the institutional gains of the field and addresses the (in)compatibilities between the field’s theoretical developments and its pedagogical practices. This article considers the centrality of ethics to a postidentity Asian American studies, suggesting how ethical alienation—signaled both by the figuration of “comfort women”/military sex slaves/halmoni and our own estrangement from it—can create productive classroom and metapedagogical practices in the study of Asian American literature. By attending to the field’s consolidations around a set of pedagogical and scholarly imperatives and analyzing that critical solidification in relation to “comfort women”/military sex slaves/halmoni both as a figuration of “complex personhood” (Gordon 1997, 4–5) and as an interdisciplinary “term of analysis and history rather than personhood” (Chuh 2003a, 9), this article argues that ethical alienation as pedagogical practice can lead us to a differently ordered set of disciplinary priorities.
New exponential functions based on CT density to estimate the percentage of liver that is fat
Authors: Keramida Georgia , Peters A Michael 
Published: May 2017

Objective:
In fluorine-18 fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT, hepatic standardized uptake value (SUV) is reduced through “signal dilution” by hepatic fat. The maximum SUV (SUVmax) is less affected than the mean SUV (SUVmean), therefore SUVmax/SUVmean correlates with hepatic fat. The SUV can be corrected for signal dilution using an equation relating CT density (CTD) to %fat. The objective was to exploit the relationship between SUV indices and CTD to assess the validity of two previously published equations (one linear and one sigmoid) for estimating %fat from CTD and two new exponential equations.

Methods:
Study population comprised 465 patients having routine fluorine-18 fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT. The SUVmax, SUVmean and CTD were measured from a 3-cm-diameter region of interest over the liver. The exponential equations assumed that 100% fat corresponds to CTD of −50 or −100 HU. The proportion of liver occupied by fat (P F) was estimated from all four equations. Then fat-corrected SUVmean is SUVmean/(1 − P F). The ideal equation should give SUVmean approaching but not exceeding SUVmax and give fat-corrected SUVmean/SUVmax that shows no correlation with CTD.

Results:
The linear equation failed at CTD values exceeding 55.8 HU because it gave negative P F values. Moreover, fat-corrected SUVmean/SUVmax still correlated with CTD. The sigmoid equation grossly overcorrected SUVmean at low CTD. The exponential equations abolished the correlation between fat-corrected SUVmean/SUVmax and CTD.

Conclusion:
The sigmoid equation is unsuitable for estimating %fat from CTD. The linear equation performed well, but the exponential equation assuming that 100% fat corresponds to −50 HU performed best.

Advances in knowledge:
Improved (exponential) equations to estimate hepatic fat from hepatic CTD.
ESCRITORAS BAIANAS DOS OITOCENTOS ENFRENTANDO PRECONCEITOS
Authors: Cunha Helena Parente 
Published: May 2017

Tem sido a conquista dos últimos anos o reconhecimento das autoras brasileiras dos séculos passados, mias numerosas do que se supunha e que foram esquecidas devido aos preconceitos do canone Literário. A partir da segunda metade do século XIX, com o levantamento dos períodos em todo o país, dirigidos e editados por mulheres e para mulheres, veiculavam as ideias avançadas e, ao mesmo tempo, concepções do sistema patriarcado. O medo do corpo e do erotismo se transmite à produção literária feminina que, ao se inspirar no amor, quase sempre usa linguagem pudica, procuando santificar o sentimento. Mas não raro surgem passagens de uma audácia inesperada, num desafio ostensivo aos convencionalizmos do cânone comportamental. Estudam-se como as escritoreas Ana Ribeiro, Ildefonsa Laura César e Adelio Fonseca, dentro deste contexto
The Iraq Inquiry: UK interests in Iraqi oil
Authors: Khadduri Walid 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The main official reason given by the Allied powers for invading Iraq in 2003 was to destroy Iraq’s alleged Weapons of Mass Destruction. There was hardly any mention of the role of oil in the war. Iraq’s crude oil reserves are among the five largest globally. This fact did not escape the attention of allied politicians. The Chilcot Report made it clear that public statements on the war should focus on the Weapons of Mass Destruction, and that no mention should be made of oil interests, in order not to antagonize Iraqi public opinion and raise the suspicion that the war is about western control of Iraq’s oil. The Report revealed that scores of meetings took place between UK government officials and leading British oil firms such as BP and Shell to ensure that the firms received a sizeable share of the upstream contracts following the war. The Report also showed concerns raised by British officials of US attempts to stop Russia’s negative position towards the war in the UN Security Council by promising upstream oil contracts to Russian firms. British officials also complained that the United States kept the oil file strictly under its domain, particularly after the war ended. The Report documents beyond doubt the role of oil interests in the war, despite the fact that the subject was not raised publicly by the Allied officials.
Reviews
Authors: Molloy Missy , Ward Rachel Mizsei , Keeble Arin , Kay Jilly Boyce 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
COMPLEX TV: THE POETICS OF CONTEMPORARY TELEVISION STORYTELLING, JASON MITTELL (2015) New York and London: New York University Press, 391 pp., ISBN: 9780814769607, p/bk £18.00
BRITISH TELEVISION ANIMATION 1997–2010: DRAWING COMIC TRADITION, VAN NORRIS (2014) London: Palgrave Macmillan, 231 pp., ISBN: 9781137330932, h/bk, £60.00
BREAKING BAD AND DIGNITY: UNITY AND FRAGMENTATION IN THE SERIAL TELEVISION DRAMA, ELLIOTT LOGAN (2015) New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 181 pp., ISBN: 9781137513724, h/bk £60/eBook £47.94
CONSUMERISM ON TV: POPULAR MEDIA FROM THE 1950S TO THE PRESENT, ALISON HULME (ED.) (2015) London and New York: Routledge (Ashgate), 184 pp., ISBN: 9781472447562, h/bk, £60.00
Crime TV’s undercover Halloween
Authors: Steenberg Lindsay 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
In order to interrogate patterns of seasonal television, this article looks at Halloween themed episodes of long-running American crime television programmes such as CSI (2000−2015), Bones (2005−) and, in particular, Criminal Minds (2005−). It argues that Halloween on crime TV is predictably transgressive – offering conventional fantasies of masquerade and consumption, rather than subversive challenges to the genre’s status quo. On crime television, Halloween has harnessed the logic of the urban legend to present nostalgic visions of a festival that has become fundamentally televisual in nature. The thematic underpinnings of this televisual holiday are anxieties around children in public space and the ritual re-imagining of the risks they face when celebrating Halloween.
Circadian networks in human embryonic stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes
Authors: Dierickx Pieterjan , Vermunt Marit W , Muraro Mauro J , Creyghton Menno P , Doevendans Pieter A , van Oudenaarden Alexander , Geijsen Niels , Van Laake Linda W 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCell‐autonomous circadian oscillations strongly influence tissue physiology and pathophysiology of peripheral organs including the heart, in which the circadian clock is known to determine cardiac metabolism and the outcome of for instance ischemic stress. Human pluripotent stem cells represent a powerful tool to study developmental processes in vitro, but the extent to which human embryonic stem (ES) cell‐derived cardiomyocytes establish circadian rhythmicity in the absence of a systemic context is unknown. Here we demonstrate that while undifferentiated human ES cells do not possess an intrinsic functional clock, oscillatory expression of known core clock genes emerges spontaneously during directed cardiac differentiation. We identify a set of clock‐controlled output genes that contain an oscillatory network of stress‐related transcripts. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this network results in a time‐dependent functional response to doxorubicin, a frequently used anti‐cancer drug with known cardiotoxic side effects. Taken together, our data provide a framework from which the effect of oscillatory gene expression on cardiomyocyte physiology can be modeled in vitro, and demonstrate the influence of a functional clock on experimental outcome.
Pharmacological Preconditioning with Diazoxide in the Experimental Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest Model
Authors: Haapanen Henri Johannes , Arvola Oiva , Herajärvi Johanna , Anttila Tuomas , Tuominen Hannu , Puistola Ulla , Karihtala Peeter , Kiviluoma Kai , Juvonen Tatu , Anttila Vesa 
Published: May 2017

Background: Hypothermic circulatory arrest includes a remarkable risk for neurological injury. Diazoxide, a mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate–dependent potassium ion (K+ATP) channel opener, is known to have cardioprotective effects. We assessed its efficacy in preventing ischemic injury in a clinically relevant animal model. Methods: Eighteen piglets were randomized into a diazoxide group (n = 9) and a control group (n = 9). Animals underwent 60 minutes of hypothermic circulatory arrest at 18°C. Diazoxide (5 mg/kg + 10 mL NaOH + 40 mL NaCl) was infused during the cooling phase. Metabolic and hemodynamic data were collected throughout the experiment. After 24-hour follow-up, whole brain, heart, and kidney biopsy specimens were collected for analysis. Results: Cerebellar Cytochrome-C and caspase-3 activation was higher in the control group (P = .02 and P = .016, respectively). Antioxidant activity tended to be higher in the diazoxide group (P = .099). Throughout the experiment, the oxygen consumption ratio was higher in the control animals (Pg = .04), as were the lactate levels (Pg = .02). Cardiac function tended to be better in diazoxide-treated animals. Conclusion: Diazoxide might confer neuroprotective effect as implied by the immunohistochemical analysis of the brain. Additionally, the circulatory effects of diazoxide were beneficial, supporting its neuroprotective effect.
Influence of sulfur dioxide on the respiratory system of Miyakejima adult residents 6 years after returning to the island
Authors: Kochi Takeshi , Iwasawa Satoko , Nakano Makiko , Tsuboi Tazuru , Tanaka Shigeru , Kitamura Hiroko , Wilson Donald John , Takebayashi Toru , Omae Kazuyuki 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Background
Mount Oyama, on the Japanese island of Miyakejima, began erupting in June 2000, necessitating the evacuation of 3,000 island residents. Volcanic gas emissions, primarily consisting of sulfur dioxide (SO2), gradually decreased and residents returned to the island after the evacuation order was lifted in February 2005.

Objectives
To assess the exposure-effect and exposure-response relationships between SO2 exposure and effects on respiratory system in adult Miyakejima residents.

Method
Health checkups focusing on pulmonary function and respiratory/irritative symptoms were conducted six times every November from 2006 to 2011. The study population comprised 168 subjects who underwent all health checkups. SO2 concentrations were measured at six fixed monitoring stations in inhabitable areas.

Result
Based on the annual mean SO2 concentration, inhabitable areas were classified into three categories; namely, lower (L), higher (H-1), and highest (H-2) areas. Average SO2 concentrations (ppb) during 3 months prior to each health checkup dropped from 11.3 to 3.29, 32.2 to 13.4 and 75.1 to 12.6 from 2006 to 2010/2011 in L, H-1, and H-2. No significant declines in pulmonary function were observed in all areas. However, prevalence of subjective symptoms such as “Cough,” “Irritation and/or pain in throat,” “Irritation, runny nose, and/or nasal sniffles,” and “Irritation and/or pain in the eyes,” dependently increased on SO2 concentration. Odds ratios were statistically significant at approximately 70 ppb of SO2 or above.

Conclusion
Adult residents of Miyakejima island showed no deterioration in pulmonary function at SO2 levels, but complained of respiratory/irritative symptoms in an SO2 concentration-dependent manner.
Efficient Luminescence from GaAs Nanocrystals in SiO2 Matrices
Authors: Kanemitsu Y. , Tanaka H. , Mimura S. , Okamoto S. , Kushida T. , Min K. S. , Atwater H. A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe have fabricated zincblende GaAs nanocrystals by means of Ga+ and As+ coimplantation into SiO2 matrices. A broad photoluminescence band is observed in the visible spectral region. Under selective excitation at energies within the visible luminescence band, GaAs-related phonon structures are observed at low temperatures. The photoluminescence mechanism in GaA/SiO2 nanocomposites is discussed.
GaAs Micro Crystal Growth on A As-Terminated Si (001) Surface by Low Energy Focused Ion Beam
Authors: Chikyow Toyohiro , Koguchi Nobuyuki 
Published: May 2017

AbstractOrdered GaAs micro crystal growth on a As-terminated Si (001) surface was demonstrated using a low energy focused ion beam. Si (001) surface was terminated by Arsenic. The surface showed a (2×1) structure with As dimers. The As layer was sputtered periodically with low energy focused Ga ion beam. Supplied Ga atoms migrated on the surface and trapped at the As removed region, forming Ga droplets. GaAs micro crystals were grown from Ga droplets by As molecule supply. The proposed method was shown to be effective as a fabrication method.
”Mirrorless” UV lasers in ZnO polycrystalline films and powder
Authors: Cao H. , Zhao Y. G. , Ong H. C. , Dai J. Y. , Liu X. , Seelig E. W. , Chang R. P. H. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe report the first observation of ultraviolet lasing in ZnO powder and ZnO polycrystalline films grown on amorphous fused silica substrates. In the absence of any fabricated mirrors, laser action occurs in the closed loops formed by multiple optical scattering of light.
Pressure Induced Structural Transformations in Nanocluster Assembled Gallium Arsenide
Authors: Kodiyalam S. , Chatterjee A. , Ebbsjö I. , Kalia R. K. , Kikuchi H. , Nakano A. , Rino J. P. , Vashishta P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPressure induced structural phase transformation in nanocluster assembled GaAs is studied using parallel molecular dynamics simulations in the isothermal-isobaric ensemble. In this system the spatial stress distribution is found to be inhomogeneous. As a result structural transformation initiates in the high stress regions at the interface between clusters. Structural and dynamical correlations in the nanophase system are characterized by calculating the spatially resolved bond angle and pair distribution functions and phonon density of states and comparing them with those for a single cluster and bulk crystalline and amorphous systems.
Texture as Substance: Reading Homi K. Bhabha Re-membering Frantz Fanon
Authors: Schwarz Henry 
Published: May 2017

[T]he idea of Man as his alienated image, not Self and Other but the “Otherness” of the self inscribed in the perverse palimpsest of colonial identity. (116)According to Isaac Julien, the director of Black Skin, White Mask, a film imagining the life of Frantz Fanon, Homi Bhabha is presented in a nonspeaking role as a colored, racialized “colonial subject” to lend “texture” to the cinematography (Interview). Unlike the eloquent postcolonial critics Stuart Hall and Françoise Vergès, who are interviewed extensively in the ilm, the mute Bhabha is a cipher, a visual trace of diference in the philosophical, cinematic, and audio montage that composes Julien's meditation on decolonization (Frantz Fanon [Director's cut]). In many ways, Julien's Fanon seems indebted to Bhabha's strong reading, against the grain of Fanon's oeuvre, in “Remembering Fanon: Self, Psyche and the Colonial Condition,” a foreword Bhabha wrote for a new British edition of Fanon's Black Skin, White Masks, published in 1986. Julien's Fanon is an interstitial igure, stitched together through multiple viewpoints and physically composed of cinematic elements juxtaposed in striking contrast to one another. He emerges from scraps of discourse cast of and reassembled, much as Bhabha's Fanon is captured in Fanon's ungrammatical utterance that betrays by ellipsis the nature of identity, which is that identity is “not”: “The Negro is not. Any more than the white man” (113). The revelation that the nature of identity is spatially split and temporally deferred-the deinition of Derridean diférance-is most truly represented in the colonial situation, where white mythologies of wholeness and authenticity are actualized as performances of power. When these mythologies are accompanied by paranoid fantasies of blackness that reveal the contradictory duplicity of white representations of the other-the simian Negro, the inscrutable Chinaman-this racial discrimination and its neurotic imagery reveal the nature of the white self and its pretense of universality: that the human is not whole and that the Enlightenment dream of self-presence is an illusion thrown up by the anxious exercise of mastery over those lesser humans, the Negroes.
Public access to private land in Scotland
Authors: Miller David Carey 
Published: May 2017

This article attempts to understand the radical reform of Scottish land law in its provision for a general right of public access to private land introduced in 2003 as part of land reform legislation, an important aspect of the initial agenda of the Scottish Parliament revived in 1999. The right is to recreational access for a limited period and the right to cross land. Access can be taken only on foot or by horse or bicycle.

As a starting point clarification of the misunderstood pre-reform position is attempted. The essential point is that Scots common law does not give civil damages for a simple act of trespass (as English law does) but only a right to obtain removal of the trespasser. Under the reforms the longstanding Scottish position of landowners allowing walkers access to the hills and mountains becomes a legal right.

A critical aspect of the new right is that it is one of responsible access; provided a landowner co-operates with the spirit and system of the Act access can be denied on the basis that it is not being exercised responsibly. But the onus is on the landowner to show that the exercise of the right is not responsible.

Although the right applies to all land a general exception protects the privacy of a domestic dwelling. Early case law suggests that the scope of this limit depends upon particular circumstances although reasonable 'garden ground' is likely to be protected. There are various particular limits such as school land.

Compliance with the protection of property under the European Convention on Human Rights is discussed. The article emphasises the latitude, open to nations, for limitations to the right of ownership in land in the public interest. The extent of the Scottish access inroad illustrates this. This leads to the conclusion that 'land governance' – the subject of the Potchefstroom Conference at which the paper was initially presented – largely remains a matter for domestic law; the lex situs concept is alive and well.