bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aberrant Fetal Brain Sulcus Formation: A Clue to the Diagnosis of Sotos Syndrome
Authors: Luo Caiqun , Liu Yang , Wang Hui , Chen LiYuan , Wu XiaoXia , Geng Qian , Wen Huaxuan , Li Shengli , Wu Weiqing , Zhong Mei 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aims to elucidate two distinct fetal ultrasound features associated with aberrant brain sulcus formation as potential prenatal markers for Sotos syndrome caused by mutations in the NSD1 gene.MethodThis retrospective study investigated three fetuses across two pregnancies, including a pair of monochorionic diamniotic twins, all diagnosed with Sotos syndrome via whole exome sequencing (WES). Comprehensive clinical and laboratory data were collected and analyzed. Each fetus underwent a series of specialized neurosonographic assessments to evaluate the development of the cerebral cortex.ResultsAll three fetuses exhibited aberrant brain sulcus formation characterized by Sylvian fissure (SF) abnormalities and shallow parietooccipital sulcus (POS). WES revealed the presence of two de novo NSD1 variants in these fetuses.ConclusionsFetal aberrant brain sulcus formation may represent a distinctive ultrasound feature indicative of Sotos syndrome, thereby offering additional diagnostic insights for the identification of this condition.
Contemporary Outcomes of a National Fetal Spina Bifida Surgery Service
Authors: Kik Charlotte C. , Kunpalin Yada , Kulkarni Abhaya V. , Varghese Abby , Abbasi Nimrah , Ryan Greg , Dekoninck Philip L. J. , Church Paige T. , Malhotra Armaan , Raghuram Kamini , Kelly Edmond , Van Mieghem Tim 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess contemporary outcomes of fetuses who underwent open fetal spina bifida surgery in Canada.MethodsOur clinical program prospectively collected outcomes of all consecutive fetuses who underwent open fetal spina bifida closure at the Ontario Fetal Center in Toronto and who were at least 1 year of age at the time of postnatal follow‐up. We gathered information on the need for hydrocephalus treatment, motor function, bladder function, as well as neurodevelopment (Ages and Stages Questionnaire and Bayley's scales of infant development). Developmental outcomes were categorized as “Typical Development,” “Possible Delay,” or “Significantly Delayed.”ResultsBetween 2017 and 2022, 41 fetuses underwent open fetal spina bifida closure. Twenty‐four patients (58.5%) responded to the questionnaire at a median age of 46.5 months. Eight children (33.3%) required CSF diversion procedures. Bladder management included clean intermittent catheterization (43.5%), spontaneous voiding (34.8%), or both (21.7%), with 43.5% needing medication for overactive bladder. All patients could sit independently, with 50% walking outside and 50% crawling indoors. Among those walking outdoors (50%), 25% did so without orthotics or aid, 58.3% with orthotics, and 16.7% required additional walking aids. Most children demonstrated typical communication and problem‐solving skills (79.2%), while gross motor development was significantly delayed in 91.7% of cases. Fine motor skills varied, with 56.5% showing typical development and 34.8% possibly experiencing delays.ConclusionsThis study showed a mixed developmental profile among patients who underwent open fetal spina bifida repair, consistent with the MOMs trial findings.
Heterochain entanglements forced by shear forces and their influence on the properties of polylactic acid/hydrogenated styrene‐ethylene‐butylene‐styrene tri‐block copolymers blends
Authors: Ren Yufei , Hao Wenlin , Chen Ying , Li Deling , Zhuang Wenchang , Ding Yue , Dong Liming 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA forced entanglement between polylactic acid (PLA) chains and hydrogenated styrene‐ethylene‐butylene‐styrene (SEBS) tri‐block copolymers chains is designed based on the inertia of PLA to shear force and the sensitivity of SEBS to shear force. The melt blending of PLA with SEBS prepared through a twin‐screw extruder is a strategic method to form interchain entanglements. The influence of star‐shaped SEBS (s‐SEBS) and linear SEBS (l‐SEBS) on the compatibility, crystallization behavior, tensile properties, and rheological characteristics is systematically investigated. The incompatible interfaces between PLA and s‐SEBS or l‐SEBS are confirmed by their interfacial tension and micrographs of their cryo‐fractured surfaces. Although the interfacial incompatibility in PLA/s‐SEBS blends and PLA/l‐SEBS blends, s‐SEBS, or l‐SEBS could effectively enhance their crystallization behavior, tensile ductility and dynamic rheological properties. Relative to the Newtonian behavior of PLA, PLA/SEBS blends exhibit obvious shear‐thinning behavior under frequency‐dependent conditions, which clarifies the physical entanglements of PLA/SEBS blends. PLA/s‐SEBS blends possess stronger heterogeneous entanglements than PLA/l‐SEBS blends, which is verified by the micrographs of cryo‐fractured surfaces, crystallization characteristics, and rheological behavior. This designed concept based on the chain dynamics in the processing provides clues for polymer blends with significantly different sensitivity of chains to shear force to improve their properties.Highlights
The melt blending of PLA with SEBS prepared through a twin‐screw extruder.
The forced entanglement between PLA chain and SEBS chain is designed.
PLA/s‐SEBS blends have stronger heterogeneous entanglement.
The addition of SEBS can enhance its crystallization behavior and toughness.
PLA/SEBS blends exhibit show shear‐thinning behavior in frequency dependence.
The role of bullying perpetration and victimization in adolescents' perceptions of school climate and social media usage
Authors: Yüksel Doğan Raziye , Demircioğlu Haktan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPrevious research has reported a relationship between adolescents' perceptions of school climate and social media use. However, the underlying mechanisms associated with the relationship have yet to be fully explored. This study aimed to examine the role of peer bullying in the relationship under consideration. This cross‐sectional study applied a correlational research model to examine the perceptions of 718 adolescents aged 11–14. Data gathering entailed the School Climate Survey, Peer Bullying Self‐Report Form, and the Social Media Disorder Scale. Significant relationships between school climate, social media addiction, and peer bullying emerged from the gathered data. The study also found that peer bullying partially mediated the relationship between school climate and social media usage, both in terms of perpetrating bullying behavior and experiencing victimization. Specifically, 22.43% of the total effect of school climate on social media addiction was mediated through exposure to bullying perpetration, while 25.10% was mediated through experiencing victimization. A notable finding of this study is the role played by a perceived negative school climate in terms of increasing social media addiction; additionally, this increase may be partially mediated by exposure to peer bullying. A discussion of the results in light of the relevant literature is included, along with suggestions for future study.
Faculty training in neurodiversity: Stakeholder feedback on social validity and perceived effectiveness
Authors: Bolourian Yasamin , Zeedyk Sasha M. , Brown Haley 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNeurodivergent students, including autistic students, often benefit from faculty support to navigate college challenges. To better equip faculty in their interactions with neurodivergent students and enhance their understanding, NeuroPREP, a faculty training program was developed. Comprising four 20‐min modules, NeuroPREP addresses key topics including neurodiversity, understanding neurodivergent needs and strengths, effective support strategies (e.g., universal design), and illustrative case studies. An Advisory Committee (N = 10), including faculty, autistic students, and disability support staff, assessed the social validity and perceived effectiveness of NeuroPREP through written forms and virtual sessions. On forms, Committee participants uniformly expressed positive ratings regarding the program's quality (i.e., language, content, impact, and format). Through individual interviews or focus group sessions, the Advisory Committee offered valuable feedback, suggesting improvements such as clarifying definitions, addressing misconceptions and stigmatizing language, and incorporating additional case scenarios. These recommendations informed the refinement of NeuroPREP in preparation for a pilot program. Higher education initiatives informed by stakeholders’ perspectives, like NeuroPREP, are vital for equipping faculty with the tools to foster inclusive educational environments and equitable educational experiences for neurodivergent students. Implications for practice will be discussed.
Braided Scalar Quantum Electrodynamics
Authors: Ćirić Marija Dimitrijević , Nikolić Biljana , Radovanović Voja , Szabo Richard J. , Trojani Guillaume 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe formulate scalar electrodynamics in the braided ‐algebra formalism and study its perturbative expansion in the algebraic framework of Batalin–Vilkovisky quantization. We also confirm that UV/IR mixing is absent at one‐loop order in this noncommutative field theory, and that the non‐anomalous Ward‐Takahashi identities for the braided gauge symmetry are satisfied.
Therapeutic potential of agents targeting cannabinoid type 2 receptors in organ fibrosis
Authors: Eddin Lujain Bader , Meeran M. F. Nagoor , Subramanya Sandeep B. , Jha Niraj Kumar , Ojha Shreesh 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe endocannabinoid system has garnered attention as a potential therapeutic target in a range of pathological disorders. Cannabinoid receptors type 2 (CB2) are a class of G protein‐coupled receptors responsible for transmitting intracellular signals triggered by both endogenous and exogenous cannabinoids, including those derived from plants (phytocannabinoids) or manufactured synthetically (synthetic cannabinoids). Recent recognition of the role of CB2 receptors in fibrosis has fueled interest in therapeutic targeting of CB2 receptors in fibrosis. Fibrosis is characterized by the alteration of the typical cellular composition within the tissue parenchyma, resulting from exposure to diverse etiological factors. The pivotal function of CB2 agonists has been widely recognized in the regulation of inflammation, fibrogenesis, and various other biological pathologies. The modulation of CB2 receptors, whether by enhancing their expression or activating their function, has the potential to provide benefits in numerous conditions, particularly by avoiding any associated adverse effects on the central nervous system. The sufficient activation of CB2 receptors resulted in the complete suppression of gene expression related to transforming growth factor β1 and its subsequent fibrogenic response. Multiple reports have also indicated the diverse functions that CB2 agonists possess in mitigating chronic inflammation and subsequent fibrosis development in various types of tissues. While currently in the preclinical stage, the advancement of CB2 compounds has garnered significant attention within the realm of drug discovery. This review presents a comprehensive synthesis of various independent experimental studies elucidating the pivotal role of identified natural and synthetic CB2 agonists in the pathophysiology of organ fibrosis, specifically in the cardiac, hepatic, and renal systems.
Obicetrapib exhibits favorable physiochemical and pharmacokinetic properties compared to previous cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors: An integrated summary of results from non‐human primate studies and clinical trials
Authors: Nicholls Stephen J. , Nelson Adam J. , Kastelein John J. P. , Ditmarsch Marc , Hsieh Andrew , Johnson Judith , Curcio Danielle , Kling Douglas , Kirkpatrick Carol F. , Davidson Michael H. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAnacetrapib, a cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitor previously under development, exhibited an usually extended terminal half‐life and large food effect and accumulated in adipose tissue. Other CETP inhibitors have not shown such effects. Obicetrapib, a potent selective CETP inhibitor, is undergoing Phase III clinical development. Dedicated assessments were conducted in pre‐clinical and Phase I and II clinical studies of obicetrapib to examine the pharmacokinetic issues observed with anacetrapib. After 9 months of dosing up to 50 mg/kg/day in cynomolgus monkeys, obicetrapib was completely eliminated from systemic circulation and not detected in adipose tissue after a 13‐week recovery period. In healthy humans receiving 1–25 mg of obicetrapib, the mean terminal half‐life of obicetrapib was 148, 131, and 121 h at 5, 10, and 25 mg, respectively, and food increased plasma levels by ~1.6‐fold with a 10 mg dose. At the end of treatment in Phase II trials, mean plasma levels of obicetrapib ranged from 194.5 ng/mL with 2.5 mg to 506.3 ng/mL with 10 mg. Plasma levels of obicetrapib decreased by 92.2% and 98.5% at four and 15 weeks post‐treatment, respectively. Obicetrapib shows no clinically relevant accumulation, is minimally affected by food, and has a mean terminal half‐life of 131 h for the 10 mg dose. These data support once daily, chronic dosing of obicetrapib in Phase III trials for dyslipidemia management.
Rational design and discovery of novel hydrazide derivatives as potent succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors inspired by natural d/l‐camphor
Authors: Dai Peng , Ma Zihua , Yi Guangfu , Li Yufei , Xie Kaili , Sun Yafang , Xia Qing , Liu Zewen , Zhang Weihua 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDSuccinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) have rapidly become one of the fastest‐growing categories of fungicides used against plant pathogenic fungi. Recent research advancements have emphasized that structural modifications of SDHIs using naturally sourced scaffolds represent an innovative strategy for developing new, highly effective, broad‐spectrum fungicides. A novel series of d/l‐camphorhydrazide derivatives potentially targeting fungal succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their antifungal effects against Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium graminearum, Valsa mali and Botrytis cinerea.RESULTSAmongst them, compounds A1‐7 (d‐camphor) and A2‐7 (l‐camphor) displayed excellent in vitro activity against R. solani with median effective concentration (EC50) values of 0.38 and 0.48 μg mL−1, which were obviously superior to that of boscalid (0.87 μg mL−1). A2‐5 (l‐camphor, EC50 = 3.27 μg mL−1) exhibited good activity against V. mali. A2‐7 (2.13 μg mL−1), A2‐21 (5.2 μg mL−1) and A1‐5 (5.15 μg mL−1) showed good antifungal activity against F. graminearum with EC50 values below that of boscalid (5.85 μg mL−1). Preliminary mechanistic studies, using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, indicated that compound A1‐7 induced disordered entanglement of hyphae, shrinkage of hyphal surfaces, and vacuole swelling and rupture, which disrupted normal hyphal growth. Additionally, compound A1‐7 induced the production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species, disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential, and effectively inhibited the germination and formation of sclerotia in R. solani. Moreover, the molecular docking results and SDH enzyme assays yielded promising outcomes.CONCLUSIONIn this study, the designed and optimized compounds A1‐7 and A2‐7 emerged as promising candidates for SDH‐targeting fungicides, demonstrating strong antifungal activity. These compounds hold potential as new antifungal agents for further research. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Rapid screening for resistance to Sitobion avenae (F.) and Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) in winter wheat seedlings and selection of efficient assessment methods
Authors: Qonaah Ilma A , Simon Amma L , Warner Duncan , Rostron Rosanna M , Bruce Toby J A , Ray Rumiana V 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDSitobion avenae (F.) and Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) are harmful pests of wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.)]. No genetic resistance against the aphids has been identified in commercial wheat varieties and resistance phenotyping can be time‐consuming and laborious. Here, we tested a high‐throughput phenotyping method to screen 29 commercial winter wheat varieties for alate antixenosis and antibiosis. We validated this method using comprehensive behavioural analyses, including alate attraction to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and a feeding bioassay using an electrical penetration graph (EPG), subsequently highlighting possible sources of resistance.RESULTSWe observed differences in alate behaviour upon assessing alate settlement on wheat seedlings and attraction towards VOCs, revealing the importance of visual and early post‐alighting cues for alate host selection. Aphid settlement was four times higher on the most preferred variety than on the least preferred variety. Using an EPG bioassay, we identified phloem feeding and stylet derailment parameters linked to resistance. We found antibiosis assessment on detached leaves to be an inadequate screen because it produced results inconsistent with intact leaves assessment. Alate and nymph mortality were identified as key traits signifying antibiosis, showing significant positive relationships with alate reproduction and nymph mean relative growth rate.CONCLUSIONSOverall, antixenosis and antibiosis varietal responses were consistent for both aphid species. Alate settlement on wheat seedlings was a more efficient antixenosis screen than an olfactometer assay using VOCs. In addition to assessing alate and nymph survival for antibiosis, this allows for more rapid phenotyping of large numbers of genotypes to identify novel aphid resistance genes for varietal improvement. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Resistance risk assessment of Rhizoctonia solani to four fungicides
Authors: Ou Minggui , Hu Ke , Li Min , Liu Shijiang , Zhang Xinchun , Lu Xuemei , Zhan Xingyu , Liao Xun , Li Ming , Li Rongyu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDHexaconazole, thifluzamide, difenoconazole and azoxystrobin are widely used fungicides for the control of Rhizoctonia solani in China. However, few studies have assessed the sensitivity and resistance risk of R. solani to these four fungicides.RESULTSThe sensitivities of 126 R. solani isolates to hexaconazole, thifluzamide, difenoconazole and azoxystrobin were determined, with average half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values of 0.0386, 0.0659, 0.663 and 1.508 μg mL−1, respectively. Field resistance monitoring of the four fungicides showed that the three isolates had moderate resistance to difenoconazole. Resistant mutants to the four fungicides were obtained by fungicide adaptation, and resistance could be stably inherited by most mutants. Compared with those of the parent isolates, the biological characteristics of hexaconazole‐resistant mutants exhibited enhanced or similar compound fitness index (CFI), whereas most of the other mutants displayed reduced or comparable CFI. There was evidence of positive cross‐resistance between hexaconazole and difenoconazole. In the presence of fungicides, the expression of the CYP51 genes in hexaconazole‐ and difenoconazole‐resistant mutants significantly increased, the expression of SDH genes in thifluzamide‐resistant mutants significantly decreased, and the expression of the Cyt b gene in azoxystrobin‐resistant mutants did not significantly change.CONCLUSIONBased on these data, we speculated that R. solani had a low‐to‐medium resistance risk to four fungicides. The change of target gene expression may be one of the reasons for fungicide resistance in R. solani. This study provides a theoretical basis for monitoring resistance emergence and developing resistance management strategies to control R. solani. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Optimized emamectin benzoate trunk injection: addressing temperature limitations for pine wilt disease control
Authors: Li Min , Wang Mengyao , Yang Ting , Xu Ming , Li Yue , Pei Ying , Tang Jingen , Zheng Zhe , Sun Zhaonan , Cheng Guanyi , Li Xiaojuan , Li Huan , Wang Lichao , Chen Fengmao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDPine wilt disease (PWD), caused by the pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, poses a significant threat to global forestry, resulting in extensive economic and ecological damage. Traditional trunk injection agents (TIAs) are limited by environmental factors, such as high winter temperatures and vigorous resin flow, particularly in southern China. This study aimed to develop an ordinary temperature trunk injection agent (OTTIA) for year‐round application and to evaluate its performance under high‐temperature conditions in comparison to commercial TIAs.RESULTSExtensive laboratory and field tests identified N,N‐Dimethylformamide (DMF) and benzyl acetate as optimal solvents and Tween‐40 as an effective emulsifier for the OTTIA formulation. The new agent was fully absorbed by Pinus massoniana within 3 h at temperatures exceeding 30 °C, outperforming existing commercial agents. Treated trees maintained comparable emamectin benzoate (EB) levels but achieved lower LC90 lethal concentration values (27.65 mg L−1), indicating greater efficacy. The OTTIA provided protection against PWD for ≥ 360 days postinjection. [Correction added after first online publication on 24 October 2024; In Abstract (RESULTS section), the symbol less than or equal to (≤) has been changed to greater than or equal symbol (≥) in the sentence “The OTTIA provided protection against PWD for ≥ 360 days postinjection”.]CONCLUSIONThe development of OTTIA marks a significant advancement in PWD management, offering an effective solution for high‐temperature regions and potentially transforming year‐round treatment strategies. The results highlight the critical role of optimizing solvent and emulsifier combinations to enhance the efficacy and application of trunk injection agents, contributing to sustainable forest management and improved protection against PWD. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Subxiphoid Uniportal Robotic Assisted Right Upper Lobectomy in Swine: A Novel Technology
Authors: Lin Lei , An Zhao , Yang Xiaodong , Zhu Yuming , Zhou Xiao 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundUniportal video assisted thoracoscopic surgery has become widely accepted with increasing subxiphoid approach for major pulmonary resections. The purpose of this study was to verify the safety and feasibility of a SHURUI single port (SP) Robotic Surgical System in subxiphoid right upper lobectomy.MethodsFive swine models were used to perform subxiphoid right upper lobectomy with SHURUI SP Robotic Surgical System. Operation details were recorded to assess the safety and feasibility of the SHURUI system.ResultsResults showed that the operation success was 100%. The time from anaesthesia to complete docking of the robotic system was 30.0 (20.0, 36.0) minutes and the total operation time was 125.0 (62.0, 142.5) minutes. Blood loss during operation was 30.0 (25.0, 125.0) mL. No death or complications occurred during the operation.ConclusionsUniportal robotics assisted right upper lobectomy via subxiphoid approach with SHURUI system performed in this study preliminary showed its safety and feasibility.