bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of the Electrode Surface in Na–Air Batteries: Insights in Electrochemical Product Formation and Chemical Growth of NaO2
Authors: Lutz Lukas , Corte Daniel Alves Dalla , Chen Yuhui , Batuk Dmitry , Johnson Lee R. , Abakumov Artem , Yate Luis , Azaceta Eneko , Bruce Peter G. , Tarascon Jean‐Marie , Grimaud Alexis 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe Na–air battery, because of its high energy density and low charging overpotential, is a promising candidate for low‐cost energy storage, hence leading to intensive research. However, to achieve such a battery, the role of the positive electrode material in the discharge process must be understood. This issue is herein addressed by exploring the electrochemical reduction of oxygen, as well as the chemical formation and precipitation of NaO2 using different electrodes. Whereas a minor influence of the electrode surface is demonstrated on the electrochemical formation of NaO2, a strong dependence of the subsequent chemical precipitation of NaO2 is identified. In the origin, this effect stems from the surface energy and O2/O2− affinity of the electrode. The strong interaction of Au with O2/O2− increases the nucleation rate and leads to an altered growth process when compared to C surfaces. Consequently, thin (3 µm) flakes of NaO2 are found on Au, whereas on C large cubes (10 µm) of NaO2 are formed. This has significant impact on the cell performance and leads to four times higher capacity when C electrodes with low surface energy and O2/O2− affinity are used. It is hoped that these findings will enable the design of new positive electrode materials with optimized surfaces.
Innovation or Violation? Leveraging Mobile Technology to Conduct Socially Responsible Community Research
Authors: Roy Amanda L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMobile technology is increasingly being used to measure individuals’ moods, thoughts, and behaviors in real time. Current examples include the use of smartphones to collect ecological momentary assessments (EMAs; assessments delivered “in the moment”); wearable technology to passively collect objective measures of participants’ movement, physical activity, sleep, and physiological response; and smartphones and wearable devices with global positioning system (GPS) capabilities to collect precise information about where participants spend their time. Although advances in mobile technology offer exciting opportunities for measuring and modeling individuals’ experiences in their natural environments, they also introduce new ethical issues. Drawing on lessons learned while collecting GPS coordinates and EMAs measuring mood, companionship, and health‐risk behavior with a sample of low‐income, predominantly racial/ethnic minority youth living in Chicago, this manuscript discusses ethical challenges specific to the methodology (e.g., unanticipated access to personal information) and broader concerns related to data conceptualization and interpretation (e.g., the ethics of “monitoring” low‐income youth of color). While encouraging researchers to embrace innovations offered by mobile technology, this discussion highlights some of the many ethical issues that also need to be considered.
MgBr2 supported on Fe3O4@SiO2 ~ urea nanoparticle: An efficient catalyst for ortho‐formylation of phenols and oxidation of benzylic alcohols
Authors: Soleimani Ebrahim , Yaesoobi Nadieh , Ghasempour Hamid Reza 
Published: September 2017

Urea was successfully immobilized on the surface of chloropropyl‐modified Fe3O4@SiO2 core–shell magnetic nanoparticles, then supported by MgBr2 and acts as a unique catalyst for oxidation of benzylic alcohols to aldehydes and ketones, and ortho‐formylation of phenols to salicylaldehydes. The prepared catalyst was characterized by FT‐IR, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray powder diffraction, dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, CHN and TGA. It was found that Fe3O4@SiO2 ~ urea/MgBr2 showed higher catalytic activity than homogenous MgBr2, and could be reused several times without significant loss of activity.
The association between theory of mind, executive function, and the symptoms of autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Jones Catherine R. G. , Simonoff Emily , Baird Gillian , Pickles Andrew , Marsden Anita J. S. , Tregay Jenifer , Happé Francesca , Charman Tony 
Published: September 2017

It has been strongly argued that atypical cognitive processes in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) contribute to the expression of behavioural symptoms. Comprehensive investigation of these claims has been limited by small and unrepresentative sample sizes and the absence of wide‐ranging task batteries. The current study investigated the cognitive abilities of 100 adolescents with ASD (mean age = 15 years 6 months), using 10 tasks to measure the domains of theory of mind (ToM) and executive function (EF). We used structural equation modelling as a statistically robust way of exploring the associations between cognition and parent‐reported measures of social communication and restricted and repetitive behaviours (RRBs). We found that ToM ability was associated with both social communication symptoms and RRBs. EF was a correlate of ToM but had no direct association with parent‐reported symptom expression. Our data suggest that in adolescence ToM ability, but not EF, is directly related to autistic symptom expression. Autism Res 2018, 11: 95–109. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryThe behaviours that are common to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been linked to differences in thinking ability. We assessed autistic adolescents and found that social communication difficulties and the presence of restricted and repetitive behaviours related to difficulties in understanding other peoples’ minds (theory of mind). In contrast, these behaviours were not associated with the general thinking abilities involved in planning and executing tasks (executive function).
Three New Triterpenoid Saponins from Notoginseng Medicinal Fungal Substance
Authors: Xu Wei , Yan Qing‐Xia , Liu Ying‐Ying , Chang Bai‐Jin , Liu Xin , Qiu Zhi‐Dong 
Published: September 2017

Three new triterpenoid saponins, named ginsenoside‐Rh23 (1), ginsenoside‐Rh24 (2), and ginsenoside‐Rh25 (3), were isolated from notoginseng medicinal fungal substance. Their structures were elucidated by a combination of 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR, MS and chemical analysis. Compounds 1 – 3 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activity against MCF‐7 and NCI‐H460 cancer cell lines.
Impact of a Central Scaffold on the Binding Affinity of Fragment Pairs Isolated from DNA‐Encoded Self‐Assembling Chemical Libraries
Authors: Bigatti Martina , Dal Corso Alberto , Vanetti Sara , Cazzamalli Samuele , Rieder Ulrike , Scheuermann Jörg , Neri Dario , Sladojevich Filippo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe screening of encoded self‐assembling chemical libraries allows the identification of fragment pairs that bind to adjacent pockets on target proteins of interest. For practical applications, it is necessary to link these ligand pairs into discrete organic molecules, devoid of any nucleic acid component. Here we describe the discovery of a synergistic binding pair for acid alpha‐1 glycoprotein and a chemical strategy for the identification of optimal linkers, connecting the two fragments. The procedure yielded a set of small organic ligands, the best of which exhibited a dissociation constant of 9.9 nm, as measured in solution by fluorescence polarization.
Eco‐hydrological effects associated with environmental flow management: A case study from the arid desert region of China
Authors: Yao Yingying , Zheng Chunmiao , Tian Yong , Li Xi , Liu Jie 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn arid regions, stream‐flow regulation impacts the hydrological processes and riparian ecosystems in both direct and indirect ways. Thus, understanding the degree of eco‐hydrological effects over different spatiotemporal scales is critical for effective stream‐flow regulation. This study investigates the multiple hydro‐ecological effects caused by a mandatory implementation of stream‐flow regulation in a typical endorheic river basin, the Heihe River Basin (HRB), in Northwest China. The changes in the stream‐flow regime, spatiotemporal patterns of vegetation and groundwater flow system were quantified using stream‐flow data, leaf area index products of 1 km resolution and a 3D numerical groundwater flow model. The results show that the stream leakage to groundwater is strongly correlated with the disturbance by stream‐flow regulation, moderately with the evaporation and inflow to terminal lake, but only weakly with the total vegetation state and cropland change. Even though the average groundwater level for the entire lower HRB has an upward trend in response to increasing stream flow, it has no significant correlation with flow regulation. The groundwater system acts as a “temporary bank” to buffer the regulated stream flow for the entire lower HRB. The spatiotemporal patterns of the leaf area index distribution point to the stream‐flow regulation as triggers for the increase in cropland and vegetation patches in the flat terrain along the river branches. This case study in the lower HRB has provided valuable database and insights for environmental flow management of other arid watersheds.
Identifying riparian vegetation as indicator of stream water quality in the Gilgel Gibe catchment, southwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Alemu Tibebu , Weyuma Tadesse , Alemayehu Esayas , Ambelu Argaw 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRiparian land use has substantial effects on aquatic habitats and biological communities resulting in a dramatic loss of natural riparian vegetation and affecting the physicochemical properties of streams. The study investigates the relationships among indigenous riparian plants and water quality in the upper Gilgel Gibe catchment in southwestern Ethiopia. The floristic composition of the riparian vegetation and the water quality of streams were studied at selected sites, ranging from first‐ to third‐order streams. We quantified relationships between disturbance level and both physicochemical characters and traits of riparian plant species during two sampling periods (December 2013 and April 2014). Data were collected from a priori designated three land use types (forest, plantation, and agriculture) and ranked along nine streams. Ranks were based on surrounding land use characteristics and deforestation categories. We used analysis of variance and the Tukey's post‐hoc test to conduct pair‐wise comparisons among different land use types. Both species richness and diversity values of forest sites were significantly (p < 0.001) higher than agricultural sites. Whereas, stream water quality deterioration indicator gradient such as total suspended solid, water turbidity, and orthophosphate was significantly (p < 0.001) higher in agricultural sites than forest sites. We identified species such as Croton macrostachyus, Ficus sur, Maytenus arbutifolia, and Millettia ferruginea as indicator species of water quality (p < 0.05). Our study is the first assessment of the role of indigenous plant species as indicator of highland stream water quality in the tropical area. The study contributes to the ongoing discussion on the assessment and monitoring of stream ecosystems and for following stream restoration projects in tropical regions around the globe.
Tallow Beef Flavor: Effect of Processing Conditions and Ingredients on 3‐Chloropropane‐1, 2‐Diol Esters Generation, and Sensory Characteristics
Authors: Chai Qingqing , Karangwa Eric , Duhoranimana Emmanuel , Zhang Xiaoming , Xia Shuqin , Yu Jingyang 
Published: September 2017

The effect of processing conditions (heating temperature, reaction time, and pH) and ingredients of beef flavor system (including enzymatic tallow hydrolysate, DL‐methionine, L‐cysteine, glucose, and D‐xylose) on 3‐monochloro‐1, 2‐propanediol (3‐MCPD) esters concentration, and sensory characteristics of beef flavors are investigated. The results indicates that DL‐methionine and L‐cysteine had similar effects on the content of 3‐MCPD esters, promoting their formation at low concentration, whereas, reducing them when added at high concentration. 3‐MCPD esters concentration increased with increasing enzymatic tallow hydrolysate and D‐xylose concentration. However, the addition of glucose has no significant effect on 3‐MCPD esters concentration. Considering 3‐MCPD esters concentration and sensory characteristics, the optimal addition of flavor precursors is finally selected as: Enzymatically hydrolyzed tallow (10%), L‐cysteine (1.2%), DL‐methionine (1.2%), glucose (1%), and D‐xylose (0.5%). In addition, 3‐MCPD esters concentration is also strongly dependent on heating temperature, reaction time, and pH. In conclusion, beef flavor is prepared using the optimal concentrations of flavor precursors and heated at 110 °C with initial pH 7.0 for 100 min.Practical Application: This study provides a promising way of controlling the formation of 3‐MCPD esters without changing the flavor quality of savory flavors. It promotes the food safety control technology of savory flavoring from passive defense to active forewarning. Also, it provides theoretical guidance and technical support for the sustainable and healthy development of savory flavoring industry.In this study the effect of processing conditions and ingredients on 3‐MCPD esters concentration and sensory characteristics are evaluated. It can provide references for the reduction 3‐MCPD esters without changing its quality during beef flavor processing.
Learning‐based resource allocation in D2D communications with QoS and fairness considerations
Authors: Kazemi Rashed Salma , Shahbazian Reza , Ghorashi Seyed Ali 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn device‐to‐device (D2D) communications, D2D users establish a direct link by utilizing the cellular users' spectrum to increase the network spectral efficiency. However, due to the higher priority of cellular users, interference imposed by D2D users to cellular ones should be controlled by channel and power allocation algorithms. Due to the unknown distribution of dynamic channel parameters, learning‐based resource allocation algorithms work more efficient than classic optimization methods. In this paper, the problem of the joint channel and power allocation for D2D users in realistic scenarios is formulated as an interactive learning problem, where the channel state information of selected channels is unknown to the decision center and learned during the allocation process. In order to achieve the maximum reward function by choosing an action (channel and power level) for each D2D pair, a recency‐based Q‐learning method is introduced to find the best channel‐power for each D2D pair. The proposed method is shown to achieve logarithmic regret function asymptotically, which makes it an order optimal policy, and it converges to the stable equilibrium solution. The simulation results confirm that the proposed method achieves better responses in terms of network sum rate and fairness criterion in comparison with conventional learning methods and random allocation.
Messtechnische Begleitung des vibrierenden Einbringens von Stahlspundwandprofilen
Authors: Osthoff David 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDas Schwingungsverhalten von Spundwandprofilen während der Vibrationsrammung unterliegt vielfachen Einflussgrößen, z. B. Bodeneigenschaften, Ausführung und Anordnung der Rammführung, eingesetzte Geräte mit entsprechenden Maschinenparametern, Profilsteifigkeit und Profillänge. Darüber hinaus verringert sich die freie Länge des Profils mit zunehmender Einbringtiefe. Weitestgehend unbekannt sind die Bewegungen im Schlossverbund zwischen geführter und bereits eingebrachter Spundbohle. Die daraus resultierende Reibung kann zu einer starken Erwärmung bis hin zu einem Verschmelzen der Spundwandschlösser führen. Zur Untersuchung des Schwingungsverhaltens von Stahlspundwandprofilen wird das vibrierende Einbringen an zwei Spundwandbauwerken messtechnisch begleitet. Mittels triaxialer Beschleunigungssensoren werden die Beschleunigungen des Profils und die Temperaturen am Schloss während der Rammung gemessen. Die erste Messung erfolgte im Rahmen einer Landrammung im Hafengebiet von Wismar, bei der zweiten Messung wurden die Profile wasserseitig im tideabhängigen Hafengebiet von Hamburg eingebracht.
Myopenia and precision (P4) medicine
Authors: Morley John E. , Anker Stefan D. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPrecision (P4) medicine represents a new medical paradigm that focuses on Personalized, Predictive, Preventive and Participatory approaches. The P4 paradigm is particularly appropriate for moving the care of persons with myopenia forward. Muscular dystrophies are clearly a set of genetically different diseases where genomics are the basis of diagnosis, and genetic modulation via DNA, oligonucleotides and clustered regularly interspaced short palendronic repeats hold great potential for a cure. The utility of personalized genomics for sarcopenia coupled with utilizing a predictive approach for the diagnosis with early preventive strategies is a key to improving sarcopenic outcomes. The importance of understanding different levels of patient enthusiasm and different responses to exercise should guide the participatory phase of sarcopenic treatment. In the case of cachexia, understanding the effects of the different therapies now available through the P4 approach on muscle wasting is a key to management strategies.
Efficacy of dexmedetomidine on perioperative morbidity during nasal surgery: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Hwang Se Hwan , Lee Ho Seok , Joo Young Hoon , Seo Jae Hyun , Kang Jun Myung 
Published: September 2017

ObjectivesThe goal of this meta‐analysis was to perform a systematic review of the literature on the effect of dexmedetomidine on perioperative morbidity following nasal surgery and on the adverse effects of dexmedetomidine.Data SourcesMEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.Review MethodsTwo authors independently searched scientific and medical databases from their inception of article collection to March 2017. Studies that compared perioperative dexmedetomidine administration (dexmedetomidine group) with another agent under monitored anesthesia care (MAC) or general anesthesia (control group) with outcomes of interest that were perioperative pain intensity; rescue analgesic consumption; or adverse effects such as hemodynamic instability, nausea, and vomiting (PONV), and operative bleeding were included in the analysis.ResultsPerioperative pain scores and postoperative need for analgesics were significantly decreased in the dexmedetomidine group versus control group (other agent or general anesthesia). In subgroup analysis according to anesthesia type (general anesthesia and other sedatives in MAC), dexmedetomidine showed a similar effect on bradycardia, hypotension, and desaturation with general anesthesia, but it reduced PONV effectively compared with general anesthesia. Additionally, dexmedetomidine satisfied patient significantly. By contrast, compared with other sedative under MAC, it provoked bradycardia significantly.ConclusionThis meta‐analysis showed that systemic administration of dexmedetomidine efficiently can decrease intraoperative and postoperative pain without adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, and respiratory depression. Dexmedetomidine also can decrease analgesic consumption. However, clinicians should be aware of the potential for intraoperative bradycardia; patients also should be educated regarding these possibilities.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 128:573–580, 2018
Long‐term impact of endoscopic orbital decompression on sinonasal‐specific quality of life
Authors: Mueller Sarina K. , Miyake Marcel M. , Lefebvre Daniel R. , Freitag Suzanne K. , Bleier Benjamin S. 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveEndoscopic orbital decompression (EOD) is the workhorse surgical intervention for severe thyroid eye disease in Graves disease. Although EOD is a safe and effective procedure, the objective of this study is to determine the impact of orbital decompression on long‐term sinonasal‐pecific quality of life.MethodsRetrospective study of 27 patients who underwent EOD by a single surgeon. The primary endpoint was change in preoperative 22‐item Sinonasal Outcomes Test (SNOT‐22) score at a minimum of 1 year. The secondary endpoint was to determine whether the performance of septoplasty for surgical access in patients without nasal obstruction impacted domain 1 (i.e., rhinologic domain) and total SNOT‐22 scores.ResultsThe mean follow‐up was 25.7 ± 11.4 months. Domain 1 scores significantly increased at the first postoperative visit (P ≤ 0.01) and returned to baseline values between 1 and 3 months. At 1 year, significant improvements in both total score and domain 4 and 5 (psychological and sleep dysfunction, respectively) scores were seen (P < 0.01 for all scores). Septoplasty was not associated with a significant change in SNOT‐22 score at 1 year (P = 0.48).ConclusionEndoscopic orbital decompression is associated at 1 year with a significant improvement in sinonasal‐specific quality of life, which is driven by the psychological and sleep dysfunction domains. Adjunctive septoplasty has no significant impact on SNOT‐22 scores.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 128:785–788, 2018
Pharmacologic management of voice disorders by general medicine providers and otolaryngologists
Authors: Cohen Seth M. , Lee Hui‐Jie , Roy Nelson , Misono Stephanie 
Published: September 2017

Objectives1) To compare laryngeal diagnoses from general medical providers (GMP) to otolaryngologists following GMP‐based medication trial, and 2) to evaluate associations between GMP medication trials and pharmacologic treatment by otolaryngologists.MethodsRetrospective cohort analysis using large, national administrative U.S. claims database. Patients with laryngeal/voice disorders as per the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2012, seen by a GMP and then an otolaryngologist between 2 weeks to 3 months after the GMP visit, were included. Patient demographics, comorbid conditions, medication use, and initial GMP and otolaryngology laryngeal diagnoses were collected. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association between GMP and otolaryngologist medication trials.ResultsA total of 12,475 unique laryngeal/voice‐disordered patients met inclusion criteria. At the initial GMP visit, 15.3% received an antibiotic, 14.0% a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), and 7.7% an oral steroid. After the otolaryngology visit, increased diagnoses of vocal fold paralysis/paresis, benign vocal fold/laryngeal pathology, chronic laryngitis, and multiple diagnoses occurred. The adjusted odds for an otolaryngologist prescribing an antibiotic, PPI, or oral steroid, respectively, given that a GMP prescribed an antibiotic, PPI, or oral steroid, was roughly two to three times higher that of a GMP not prescribing the given medication.ConclusionPatients with structural and neuromuscular laryngeal disorders were treated with medications by GMPs, and similar mediations often were repeated after otolaryngology evaluation. These findings suggest potential areas of unnecessary pharmacologic treatment of laryngeal/voice‐disordered patients.Level of Evidence2b. Laryngoscope, 128:682–689, 2018