bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On quantum entanglement, counterfactuals, causality and dispositions
Authors: Bigaj Tomasz 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe existence of non-local correlations between outcomes of measurements in quantum entangled systems strongly suggests that we are dealing with some form of causation here. An assessment of this conjecture in the context of the collapse interpretation of quantum mechanics is the primary goal of this paper. Following the counterfactual approach to causation, I argue that the details of the underlying causal mechanism which could explain the non-local correlations in entangled states strongly depend on the adopted semantics for counterfactuals. Several relativistically-invariant interpretations of spatiotemporal counterfactual conditionals are discussed, and the corresponding causal stories describing interactions between parts of an entangled system are evaluated. It is observed that the most controversial feature of the postulated causal connections is not so much their non-local character as a peculiar type of circularity that affects them.
Fracture Analysis on a Cylindrical Composite Containing a Sliding Interface: An Interesting Phenomenon of Oscillatory Interfacial Normal Stress and its Implications
Authors: Wei H. X. , Xiong T. , Li Y. D. , Guan Y. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractFracture analysis is performed on a cylindrical composite consisting of an outer elastic layer, an inner rigid cylinder and an intermediate sliding interface. Interaction between the sliding interface and a parallel crack under in-plane shear is explored. An interesting phenomenon of oscillatory normal stress occurs on the local interfacial region near to the crack. It leads to local sliding-prevention and promotion effects, which constitute the mechanisms for the variations of stress intensity factors versus interfacial parameters. In addition, another interesting conclusion is that a crack near and parallel to a sliding interface never has the conventional anti-symmetry, even under pure in-plane shear loading.
A New Solution to Főppl-Hencky Membrane Equation
Authors: Yang Z. X. , Sun J. Y. , Ran G. M. , He X. T. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this note, Föppl-Hencky membrane equation in the case of axisymmetric deformation was derived, and its power series solution was presented by using the displacement-based solution method. The result shows that both the displacement-based solution method and the stress-based solution method are effective for the solution to Föppl-Hencky equation. But in comparison with the latter, the former makes the solving process some more concise. In addition, some issues concerned were also discussed.
A metaheuristic technique for energy-efficiency in job-shop scheduling
Authors: Escamilla Joan , Salido Miguel A. , Giret Adriana , Barber Federico 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMany real life problems can be modeled as a scheduling problem. The main objective of these problems is to obtain optimal solutions in terms of processing time, cost and quality. Nowadays, energy-efficiency is also taken into consideration. However, these problems are NP-hard, so many search techniques are not able to obtain a solution in a reasonable time. In this paper, a genetic algorithm is developed to solve an extended version of the classical job-shop scheduling problem. In the extended version, each operation has to be executed by one machine and this machine can work at different speed rates. The machines consume different amounts of energy to process tasks at different rates. The evaluation section shows that a powerful commercial tools for solving scheduling problems was not able to solve large instances in a reasonable time, meanwhile our genetic algorithm was able to solve all instances with a good solution quality.
Diversity of algae and lichens in biological soil crusts of Ardley and King George islands, Antarctica
Authors: Borchhardt Nadine , Schiefelbein Ulf , Abarca Nelida , Boy Jens , Mikhailyuk Tatiana , Sipman Harrie J.M. , Karsten Ulf 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn the present study the biodiversity of the most abundant phototrophic organisms forming biological soil crust communities were determined, which included green algae, diatoms, yellow-green algae and lichens in samples collected on Ardley and King George islands, Maritime Antarctic. The species were identified by their morphology using light microscopy, and for lichen identification thin layer chromatography as also used to separate specific secondary metabolites. Several sources of information were summarized in an algae catalogue. The results revealed a high species-richness in Antarctic soil crust communities with 127 species in total. Of which, 106 taxa belonged to algae (41 Chlorophyta, nine Streptophyta, 56 Heterokontophyta) and 21 to lichens in 13 genera. Moreover, soil crust communities with different species compositions were determined for the various sampling locations, which might reflect microclimatic and pedological gradients.
Flexible dynamic information flow control in the presence of exceptions
Authors: STEFAN DEIAN , MAZIÈRES DAVID , MITCHELL JOHN C. , RUSSO ALEJANDRO 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe describe a language-based, dynamic information flow control (IFC) system called LIO. Our system presents a new design point for IFC, influenced by the challenge of implementing IFC as a Haskell library, as opposed to the more typical approach of modifying the language runtime system. In particular, we take a coarse-grained, floating-label approach, previously used by IFC Operating Systems, and associate a single, mutable label—thecurrent label—with all the data in a computation's context. This label is always raised to reflect the reading of sensitive information and it is used to restrict the underlying computation's effects. To preserve the flexibility of fine-grained systems, LIO also provides programmers with a means for associating an explicit label with a piece of data. Interestingly, these labeled values can be used to encapsulate the results of sensitive computations which would otherwise lead to the creeping of the current label. Unlike other language-based systems, LIO also bounds the current label with acurrent clearance, providing a form of discretionary access control that LIO programs can use to deal with covert channels. Moreover, LIO provides programmers with mutable references and exceptions. The latter, exceptions, are used in LIO to encode and recover from monitor failures, all while preserving data confidentiality and integrity—this addresses a longstanding concern that dynamic IFC is inherently prone to information leakage due to monitor failure.
Rapidly progressive mitral valve stenosis in patients with acromelic dysplasia
Authors: Rama Gabriel , Chung Wendy K. , Cunniff Christopher M. , Krishnan Usha 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAcromelic dysplasias are a group of skeletal dysplasias characterised by short-limbed short stature with other distinctive phenotypic features including small hands and feet and stiff joints. Geleophysic dysplasia is an acromelic dysplasia that is associated with characteristic facial features, progressive cardiac valvular thickening, and tracheal stenosis. Owing to overlapping clinical features with other types of short-limbed skeletal dysplasias, it is important to make a precise diagnosis as they have different cardiac morbidity and mortality. We present the cases of three patients with geleophysic dysplasia and progressive mitral valve disease to emphasise the natural history of this disorder and provide guidance regarding cardiac health supervision in these individuals.
At what age should tetralogy of Fallot be corrected?
Authors: Hoffman Julien I. E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTetralogy of Fallot can be corrected with very low mortality at any age, even in neonates, but this does not necessarily mean that it should be corrected in the neonatal period. Although there are many advantages to early correction, a high proportion of these neonates have residual stenosis or pulmonary regurgitation that impairs ventricular function and may require further surgery or implantation of a pulmonary valve. Before we had the ability to correct this anomaly with low mortality in small children, a variety of palliative procedures had to be performed. Today, with better understanding of the anatomy of tetralogy of Fallot, we should consider what forms of palliation will increase growth of the right ventricular outflow tract in order to reduce the complications of very early surgery.
Main pulmonary artery cross-section ratio is low in fetuses with tetralogy of Fallot and ductus arteriosus-dependent pulmonary circulation
Authors: Ebishima Hironori , Kurosaki Kenichi , Yoshimatsu Jun , Shiraishi Isao 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to determine fetal echocardiographic features of tetralogy of Fallot in association with postnatal outcomes.MethodsThe Z-scores of the main and bilateral pulmonary arteries and the aorta were measured, and the following variables were calculated in 13 fetuses with tetralogy of Fallot: pulmonary artery-to-aorta ratio and main pulmonary artery cross-section ratio – the main pulmonary artery diameter squared divided by the sum of the diameter squared of the left and right pulmonary arteries. Fetuses were classified as having ductus arteriosus-dependent or ductus arteriosus-independent pulmonary circulation.ResultsWe included two infants with pulmonary atresia and six infants with ductus-dependent pulmonary circulation, who underwent systemic-to-pulmonary shunt surgeries at ⩽1 month of age. The Z-scores of the main pulmonary artery and the pulmonary artery-to-aorta ratio in fetuses with ductus-dependent pulmonary circulation were lesser than those in fetuses with ductus independence, but not significantly. The main pulmonary artery cross-section ratio in fetuses with ductus dependence was significantly lesser (0.65±0.44 versus 1.56±0.48, p<0.005). Besides, the flow of the ductus arteriosus was directed from the aorta to the pulmonary artery in the ductus arteriosus-dependent group during the fetal period.ConclusionsThe main pulmonary artery cross-section ratio was the most significant variable for predicting postnatal outcomes in fetuses with tetralogy of Fallot.
Cardiac haemangioma associated with a duct-dependent congenital heart disease in a newborn infant
Authors: Djordjevic Stefan A. , Glumac Sofija , Kalanj Jasna 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCardiac haemangiomas are exceedingly rare; however, they can cause significant haemodynamic impairment and disturbances in heart rhythm. Rarely, cardiac tumours may also coexist with congenital heart lesions. We present an extremely unusual case of a cardiac haemangioma in the setting of complex transposition of the great arteries that caused functional tricuspid atresia. To our knowledge, this is the first such case described in the literature.
‘The Pillars of State:’ Some Notes on the Qarachu Begs and the Kešikten in the Īl-Khānate (1256-1335)
Authors: HOPE MICHAEL 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBy the beginning of the fourteenth century the court histories of the Īl-Khānate had begun to lament that ‘qarachu’ (non-royal) commanders dominated the realm. The same histories report that these qarachu were drawn from the families of the khans’ royal guardsmen (kešik). The fact that these kešik families had come to eclipse, and in some cases threaten, the power of their Chinggisid patrons suggests a much broader transformation of the Īl-Khān polity from the patrimonial government of the khan's household, which characterised the early Mongol Empire, to a quasi-feudal state, dominated by a powerful military aristocracy. The present study will elucidate how this new aristocracy supported their authority through the hereditary transmission of armies, property and, offices, which entrenched their position at the summit of Īl-Khān polity.
Brief assessment of delirium subtypes: Psychometric evaluation of the Delirium Motor Subtype Scale (DMSS)–4 in the intensive care setting
Authors: Boettger Soenke , Nuñez David Garcia , Meyer Rafael , Richter Andre , Schubert Maria , Meagher David , Jenewein Josef 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTObjective:The management of and prognosis for delirium are affected by its subtype: hypoactive, hyperactive, mixed, and none. The DMSS–4, an abbreviated version of the Delirium Motor Symptom Scale, is a brief instrument for the assessment of delirium subtypes. However, it has not yet been evaluated in an intensive care setting.Method:We performed a prospective/descriptive cohort study in order to determine the internal consistency, reliability, and validity of the relevant items of the DMSS–4 versus the Delirium Rating Scale–Revised-98 (DRS–R-98) and the original DMSS in a surgical intensive care setting.Results:A total of 289 elderly, predominantly male patients were screened for delirium, and 122 were included in our sample. The internal consistency of the DMSS–4 items was excellent (Cronbach's α = 0.92), and between the DMSS–4 and DRS–R-98 the overall concurrent validity was substantial (Cramer's V = 0.67). Within individual motor subtypes, concurrent validity remained at least substantial (Cohen's κ = 0.65–0.81) and sensitivity high (69.8 to 82.2%), in contrast to those of the no-motor subtype, with less validity and sensitivity (κ = 0.28, 22%). Similarly, total concurrent validity between the DMSS–4 and the original DMSS reached perfection (Cramer's V = 0.83), as did agreement between the subtypes (κ = 0.83–0.92), while sensitivity remained high (88.2–100%). Only in those with delirium with no-motor subtype was agreement moderate (κ = 0.56) and sensitivity lower (67%). Specificity was high across all subtypes (91.2–99.1%). The DMSS–4 yielded very sensitive ratings, particularly for hypoactive and hyperactive motor symptoms, and interrater agreement was excellent (Fleiss's κ = 0.83).Significance of Results:We found the DMSS–4 to be a most reliable and valid brief assessment of delirium in characterizing the subtypes of delirium in an intensive care setting, with increased sensitivity to hypoactive and hyperactive motor alterations.
UNIFORM DEFINABILITY IN PROPOSITIONAL DEPENDENCE LOGIC
Authors: YANG FAN 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBoth propositional dependence logic and inquisitive logic are expressively complete. As a consequence, every formula in the language of inquisitive logic with intuitionistic disjunction or intuitionistic implication can be translated equivalently into a formula in the language of propositional dependence logic without these two connectives. We show that although such a (noncompositional) translation exists, neither intuitionistic disjunction nor intuitionistic implication is uniformly definable in propositional dependence logic.
The UNCLOS Dispute Settlement System: What Role Can It Play in Resolving Maritime Disputes in Asia?
Authors: NGUYEN Lan Ngoc 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAsia is currently the scene of some of the most high-profile maritime disputes in the world. Even though the majority of states in Asia are parties to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea [UNCLOS], its dispute settlement system has only been utilized in a handful of cases. Given that negotiations have brought about limited results in easing many of the tensions, it is worth asking whether the UNCLOS dispute settlement system can play a role in the resolution of maritime disputes in Asia. This paper, based on a review of the disputes before UNCLOS Tribunals, as well the advantages and limitations of the system, argues that the UNCLOS dispute settlement system can make meaningful contributions to resolving thorny disputes between Asian states. It does so by providing a solution to the disputes brought before them, clarifying the legal framework for the conduct of the parties and facilitating co-operation amongst countries in the region.
CRB3 regulates contact inhibition by activating the Hippo pathway in mammary epithelial cells
Authors: Mao Xiaona , Li Pingping , Wang Yaochun , Liang Zheyong , Liu Jie , Li Juan , Jiang Yina , Bao Gang , Li Lei , Zhu Bofeng , Ren Yu , Zhao Xinhan , Zhang Jianmin , Liu Yu , Yang Jin , Liu Peijun 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe loss of contact inhibition is a hallmark of cancer cells. The Hippo pathway has recently been shown to be an important regulator of contact inhibition, and the cell apical polarity determinant protein CRB3 has been suggested to be involved in Hippo signalling. However, whether CRB3 regulates contact inhibition in mammary cells remains unclear, and the underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated. As shown in the present study, CRB3 decreases cell proliferation, promotes apoptosis, and enhances the formation of tight and adherens junctions. Furthermore, we report for the first time that CRB3 acts as an upstream regulator of the Hippo pathway to regulate contact inhibition by recruiting other Hippo molecules, such as Kibra and/or FRMD6, in mammary epithelial cells. In addition, CRB3 inhibits tumour growth in vivo. Collectively, the present study increases our understanding of the Hippo pathway and provides an important theoretical basis for exploring new avenues for breast cancer treatment.
Altered sulcogyral patterns of orbitofrontal cortex in a large cohort of patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Isomura Shuichi , Hashimoto Ryota , Nakamura Motoaki , Hirano Yoji , Yamashita Fumio , Jimbo Shin , Yamamori Hidenaga , Fujimoto Michiko , Yasuda Yuka , Mears Ryan P. , Onitsuka Toshiaki 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAbnormalities in prenatal brain development contribute to schizophrenia vulnerability. Orbitofrontal cortex sulcogyral patterns are largely determined during prenatal development, and four types of orbitofrontal cortex sulcogyral patterns have been classified in humans. Altered orbitofrontal cortex patterns have been reported in individuals with schizophrenia using magnetic resonance imaging; however, sample sizes of previous studies were small–medium effects for detection, and gender manifestation for orbitofrontal cortex sulcogyral patterns is unclear. The present study investigated orbitofrontal cortex patterns of 155 patients with schizophrenia and 375 healthy subjects. The orbitofrontal cortex sulcogyral pattern distributions of schizophrenia were significantly different compared with healthy subjects in the left hemisphere (χ2 = 14.55, p = 0.002). In female schizophrenia, post-hoc analyses revealed significantly decreased Type I expression (χ2 = 6.76, p = 0.009) and increased Type II expression (χ2 = 11.56, p = 0.001) in the left hemisphere. The present study suggested that female schizophrenia showed altered orbitofrontal cortex patterns in the left hemisphere, which may be related to neurodevelopmental abnormality.
Extreme mitochondrial variation in the Atlantic gall crab Opecarcinus hypostegus (Decapoda: Cryptochiridae) reveals adaptive genetic divergence over Agaricia coral hosts
Authors: van Tienderen Kaj M. , van der Meij Sancia E. T. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe effectiveness of migration in marine species exhibiting a pelagic larval stage is determined by various factors, such as ocean currents, pelagic larval stage duration and active habitat selection. Direct measurement of larval movements is difficult and, consequently, factors determining the gene flow patterns remain poorly understood for many species. Patterns of gene flow play a key role in maintaining genetic homogeneity in a species by dampening the effects of local adaptation. Coral-dwelling gall crabs (Cryptochiridae) are obligate symbionts of stony corals (Scleractinia). Preliminary data showed high genetic diversity on the COI gene for 19 Opecarcinus hypostegus specimens collected off Curaçao. In this study, an additional 176 specimens were sequenced and used to characterize the population structure along the leeward side of Curaçao. Extremely high COI genetic variation was observed, with 146 polymorphic sites and 187 unique haplotypes. To determine the cause of this high genetic diversity, various gene flow scenarios (geographical distance along the coast, genetic partitioning over depth, and genetic differentiation by coral host) were examined. Adaptive genetic divergence across Agariciidae host species is suggested to be the main cause for the observed high intra-specific variance, hypothesised as early signs of speciation in O. hypostegus.
TRIM22-Mediated Apoptosis is Associated with Bak Oligomerization in Monocytes
Authors: Chen Chi , Zhao DongYan , Fang Shu , Chen QiXing , Cheng BaoLi , Fang XiangMing , Shu Qiang 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMonocyte apoptosis is a key mechanism that orchestrates host immune responses during sepsis. TRIM22 is constitutively expressed at high levels in monocytes and plays important roles in the antiviral response and inflammation. Overexpression of TRIM22 interferes with the clonogenic growth of monocytic cells, suggesting that TRIM22 may regulate monocyte survival. However, the effect of TRIM22 on monocyte apoptosis remains unknown. In the present report, lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-primed human peripheral blood monocytes expressing higher levels of TRIM22 were more sensitive to apoptosis. This phenomenon was also observed in TRIM22-overexpressing THP-1 monocytes and was associated with the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, as well as the increased expression and oligomerization of the pro-apoptotic protein Bak. Similar expression patterns of TRIM22 and Bak were also observed in LPS-primed, apoptotic human peripheral blood monocytes. In addition, the deletion of either the RING domain or the SPRY domain of TRIM22 significantly attenuated TRIM22-mediated monocyte apoptosis and decreased Bak expression and oligomerization. Furthermore, in monocytes from septic patients, TRIM22 levels were down-regulated and positively correlated with Bak levels. Taken together, these results indicate that TRIM22 plays a critical role in monocyte apoptosis by regulating Bak oligomerization and may have a potential function in the pathogenesis of sepsis.
Nitrosative Stress-Induced Disruption of Baroreflex Neural Circuits in a Rat Model of Hepatic Encephalopathy: A DTI Study
Authors: Tsai Ching-Yi , Su Chia-Hao , Chan Julie Y. H. , Chan Samuel H. H. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe onset of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in liver failure is associated with high mortality; the underlying mechanism is undecided. Here we report that in an acute liver failure model employing intraperitoneal administration of thioacetamide in Sprague-Dawley rats, diffusion weighted imaging revealed a progressive reduction in apparent diffusion coefficient in the brain stem. Diffusion tensor imaging further showed that the connectivity between nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS), the terminal site of baroreceptor afferents in brain stem and rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), the origin of sympathetic innervation of blood vessels, was progressively disrupted until its disappearance, coincidental with the irreversible cessation of baroreflex-mediated sympathetic vasomotor tone signifying clinically the occurrence of brain death. In addition, superoxide, nitric oxide, peroxynitrite and ammonia levels in the NTS or RVLM were elevated, alongside swelling of astroctytes. A scavenger of peroxynitrite, but not an antioxidant, delivered intracisternally reversed all these events. We conclude that nitrosative stress because of augmented peroxynitrite related to accumulation of ammonia and swelling of astrocytes in the NTS or RVLM, leading to cytotoxic edema in the brain stem and severance of the NTS-RVLM connectivity, underpins the defunct baroreflex-mediated sympathetic vasomotor tone that accounts for the high mortality associated with HE.