bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multidisciplinary team decision-making in cancer and the absent patient: a qualitative study
Authors: Hamilton D W , Heaven B , Thomson R G , Wilson J A , Exley C 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo critically examine the process of multidisciplinary team (MDT) decision-making with a particular focus on patient involvement.DesignEthnographic study using direct non-participant observation of 35 MDT meetings and 37 MDT clinics, informal interviews and formal, semistructured interviews with 20 patients and 9 MDT staff members.SettingThree head and neck cancer centres in the north of England.ParticipantsPatients with a diagnosis of new or recurrent head and neck cancer and staff members who attend the head and neck cancer MDT.ResultsIndividual members of the MDT often have a clear view of which treatment they consider to be ‘best’ in any clinical situation. When disagreement occurs, the MDT has to manage how it presents this difference of opinion to the patient. First, this is because the MDT members recognise that the clinician selected to present the treatment choice to the patient may ‘frame’ their description of the treatment options to fit their own view of best. Second, many MDT members feel that any disagreement and difference of opinion in the MDT meeting should be concealed from the patient. This leads to much of the work of decision-making occurring in the MDT meeting, thus excluding the patient. MDT members seek to counteract this by introducing increasing amounts of information about the patient into the MDT meeting, thus creating an ‘evidential patient’. Often, only highly selected or very limited information of this type can be available or known and it can easily be selectively reported in order to steer the discussion in a particular direction.ConclusionsThe process of MDT decision-making presents significant barriers to effective patient involvement. If patients are to be effectively involved in cancer decision-making, the process of MDT decision-making needs substantial review.
The impact of the introduction of formalised polypectomy assessment on training in the UK
Authors: Patel Kinesh , Faiz Omar , Rutter Matt , Dunckley Paul , Thomas-Gibson Siwan 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveThe aim was to describe the impact on polypectomy experience by the mandatory introduction of the Directly Observed Polypectomy Skills tool (DOPyS) and electronic portfolio as part of the formal colonoscopy certification process.DesignApplications for colonoscopy certification in the UK in the year prior to the introduction of DOPyS were analysed retrospectively and compared with data collected prospectively for those in the following year.SettingUK National Health Service.PatientsNone.InterventionsNone.Main outcome measuresThe outcomes studied included whether evidence of exposure to polypectomy, endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and colonoscopy changed over the 2-year period. The nature of the polyps removed by trainees was also studied.ResultsThirty two per cent of candidates in the first year had evidence of any observed polypectomy with 7% of candidates referring to training in EMR. The median number of formative colonoscopy assessments was 3 (range 0–16). All of these candidates in the second year had evidence of polypectomy assessment, with a median number of DOPyS of 7 (range 3–27). Eighty nine per cent of applicants had evidence of assessed EMR. The median number of formative colonoscopy assessments in this cohort was 32 (range 9–199). There was a significant increase in the number of logged polypectomy assessments (p<0.001), experience of EMR (p<0.001) and formative colonoscopy assessments (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in the total number of colonoscopy procedures performed.ConclusionsStructured polypectomy assessment improves trainees’ documented exposure to therapeutic endoscopy as well as providing formal evidence of skills acquisition. As polypectomy plays an increasing role globally in colorectal cancer prevention, the DOPyS provides an effective means of assessing and certifying polypectomy.
Impact of Renin‐Angiotensin System Inhibitors on Long‐Term Clinical Outcomes of Patients With Coronary Artery Spasm
Authors: Choi Byoung Geol , Jeon Sung Yeon , Rha Seung‐Woon , Park Sang‐Ho , Shim Min Suk , Choi Se Yeon , Byun Jae Kyeong , Li Hu , Choi Jah Yeon , Park Eun Jin , Park Sung‐Hun , Lee Jae Joong , Lee Sunki , Na Jin Oh , Choi Cheol Ung , Lim Hong Euy , Kim Jin Won , Kim Eung Ju , Park Chang Gyu , Seo Hong Seog , Oh Dong Joo 
Published: July 2016

Background

Coronary artery spasm (
CAS
) is a well‐known endothelial dysfunction, and a major cause of vasospastic angina (
VSA
). The renin–angiotensin system (
RAS
) is known to be closely associated with endothelial function. However, there are only a few studies that investigated the impact of
RAS
inhibitor on long‐term clinical outcomes in
VSA
patients.

Methods and Results

A total of 3349 patients with no significant coronary artery disease, diagnosed with
CAS
by acetylcholine provocation test were enrolled for this study. Significant
CAS
was defined as having ≥70% narrowing of the artery after incremental injections of 20, 50, and 100 μg of acetylcholine into the left coronary artery. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to whether the prescription included
RAS
inhibitor or not (
RAS
inhibitor group: n=666, non‐
RAS
inhibitor group; n=2683). To adjust for any potential confounders that could cause bias, propensity score matching (
PSM
) analysis was performed using a logistic regression model. After
PSM
analysis, 2 matched groups (524 pairs, n=1048 patients, C‐statistic=0.845) were generated and their baseline characteristics were balanced. During the 5‐year clinical follow‐up, the
RAS
inhibitor group showed a lower incidence of recurrent angina (8.7% versus 14.1%,
P
=0.027), total death (0.0% versus 1.3%,
P
=0.045), and total major adverse cardiovascular events (1.0% versus 4.1%,
P
=0.026) than the non‐
RAS
inhibitor group.

Conclusions

Chronic
RAS
inhibitor therapy was associated with lower incidence of cardiovascular events in
VSA
patients in the 5‐year clinical follow‐up.
Aphelenchoides iranicus n. sp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) from West Azerbaijan province, Iran
Authors: Golhasan Behrouz , Heydari Ramin , Álvarez-Ortega Sergio , Esmaeili Mehrab , Castillo Pablo , Palomares-Rius Juan E. 
Published: July 2016

Aphelenchoidesiranicusn. sp. is described and illustrated from bark samples of an oak tree (Quercussp.) in West Azerbaijan province, north-western Iran. The new species is characterised by body length of 350 (330-383) μm in females and 343 (323-370) μm in males, lip region set off from body contour, lateral fields with three lines, stylet 8 (7-9) μm long with small basal swellings, excretory pore 59 (56-62) μm from anterior end, hemizonid invisible, pharyngeal glands overlapping intestine dorsally and extending for 48 (41-54) μm, female tail subcylindrical with many tiny finger-like appendages at the tip, and male with aphelenchoid type spicules 17.6 (17-18) μm long. The new species comes close to nine known species of the genus namely:A. brevicaudatus,A. cibolensis,A. conimucronatus,A. editocaputis,A. montanus,A. pusillus,A. rarus,A. sphaerocephalusandA. vaughani, but differs from them by the number of incisures in the lateral field, shape of tail mucron, stylet length, size of spicules and length of post-vulval uterine sac. Additionally, this species is characterised molecularly and phylogenetically by sequences of the D2-D3 expansion segments of the 28S and partial 18S rRNA genes that are unique in relation to the sequences deposited in GenBank.
Boosting the discriminatory power of sparse survival models via optimization of the concordance index and stability selection
Authors: Mayr Andreas , Hofner Benjamin , Schmid Matthias 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundWhen constructing new biomarker or gene signature scores for time-to-event outcomes, the underlying aims are to develop a discrimination model that helps to predict whether patients have a poor or good prognosis and to identify the most influential variables for this task. In practice, this is often done fitting Cox models. Those are, however, not necessarily optimal with respect to the resulting discriminatory power and are based on restrictive assumptions. We present a combined approach to automatically select and fit sparse discrimination models for potentially high-dimensional survival data based on boosting a smooth version of the concordance index (C-index). Due to this objective function, the resulting prediction models are optimal with respect to their ability to discriminate between patients with longer and shorter survival times. The gradient boosting algorithm is combined with the stability selection approach to enhance and control its variable selection properties.ResultsThe resulting algorithm fits prediction models based on the rankings of the survival times and automatically selects only the most stable predictors. The performance of the approach, which works best for small numbers of informative predictors, is demonstrated in a large scale simulation study:C-index boosting in combination with stability selection is able to identify a small subset of informative predictors from a much larger set of non-informative ones while controlling the per-family error rate. In an application to discover biomarkers for breast cancer patients based on gene expression data, stability selection yielded sparser models and the resulting discriminatory power was higher than with lasso penalized Cox regression models.ConclusionThe combination of stability selection andC-index boosting can be used to select small numbers of informative biomarkers and to derive new prediction rules that are optimal with respect to their discriminatory power. Stability selection controls the per-family error rate which makes the new approach also appealing from an inferential point of view, as it provides an alternative to classical hypothesis tests for single predictor effects. Due to the shrinkage and variable selection properties of statistical boosting algorithms, the latter tests are typically unfeasible for prediction models fitted by boosting.
To what extent do mesophotic coral ecosystems and shallow reefs share species of conservation interest?
Authors: Laverick Jack H. , Andradi-Brown Dominic A. , Exton Dan A. , Bongaerts Pim , Bridge Tom C. L. , Lesser Michael P. , Pyle Richard L. , Slattery Marc , Wagner Daniel , Rogers Alex D. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Background
Mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs) are tropical and sub-tropical reefs between 30 m and potentially >150 m depth, the maximum for photosynthetic hard corals. The definition’s upper boundary is ecologically arbitrary. Recently, research has focused on the deep reef refugia hypothesis suggesting MCEs can be protected from shallow-water threats, potentially acting as a local source for re-colonisation of shallow reefs. This led to recent calls to increase their protection. It remains unclear whether the current MCE definition reflects changing biodiversity with depth, and so whether protecting MCEs based on this definition will protect shallow reef species. We ask where shifts in ecological community structure occur across the shallow-mesophotic depth gradient. We consider to what extent MCEs as currently defined protect shallow reef taxa. Research on coral reef depth gradients has a long history. Research relevant to MCEs has been published under a variety of terms. We will use the systematic review framework to collect older data sources, increasing accessibility by depositing the meta-data in an online library for researchers and managers.

Methods
A systematic review will be conducted, searching online databases, grey literature and personal libraries of experts. The primary question was formulated after consulting an advisory committee. Inclusion criteria discriminate among studies by sampling depths and community data. Critical appraisal of studies will consider key criteria concerning internal validity. We shall identify where more biodiversity and community-level data are required, determined by whether a meta-analysis is possible. Considering how to structure a meta-analysis once community metric and variability data have been collected will help to advise future data collection. Provided enough data are extracted, we shall conduct a meta-analysis examining changes in species richness, abundance and biomass across the depth gradient. If ecological community level data are present, we shall conduct an additional meta-analysis looking at community turnover with depth.
Outperforming hummingbirds’ load-lifting capability with a lightweight hummingbird-like flapping-wing mechanism
Authors: Leys Frederik , Reynaerts Dominiek , Vandepitte Dirk 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
The stroke-cam flapping mechanism presented in this paper closely mimics the wing motion of a hovering Rufous hummingbird. It is the only lightweight hummingbird-sized flapping mechanism which generates a harmonic wing stroke with both a high flapping frequency and a large stroke amplitude. Experiments on a lightweight prototype of this stroke-cam mechanism on a 50 mm-long wing demonstrate that a harmonic stroke motion is generated with a peak-to-peak stroke amplitude of 175° at a flapping frequency of 40 Hz. It generated a mass lifting capability of 5.1 g, which is largely sufficient to lift the prototype's mass of 3.39 g and larger than the mass-lifting capability of a Rufous hummingbird. The motor mass of a hummingbird-like robot which drives the stroke-cam mechanism is considerably larger (about five times) than the muscle mass of a hummingbird with comparable load-lifting capability. This paper presents a flapping wing nano aerial vehicle which is designed to possess the same lift- and thrust-generating principles of the Rufous hummingbird. The application is indoor flight. We give an overview of the wing kinematics and some specifications which should be met to develop an artificial wing, and also describe the applications of these in the mechanism which has been developed in this work.
3D for the people: multi-camera motion capture in the field with consumer-grade cameras and open source software
Authors: Jackson Brandon E. , Evangelista Dennis J. , Ray Dylan D. , Hedrick Tyson L. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Ecological, behavioral and biomechanical studies often need to quantify animal movement and behavior in three dimensions. In laboratory studies, a common tool to accomplish these measurements is the use of multiple, calibrated high-speed cameras. Until very recently, the complexity, weight and cost of such cameras have made their deployment in field situations risky; furthermore, such cameras are not affordable to many researchers. Here, we show how inexpensive, consumer-grade cameras can adequately accomplish these measurements both within the laboratory and in the field. Combined with our methods and open source software, the availability of inexpensive, portable and rugged cameras will open up new areas of biological study by providing precise 3D tracking and quantification of animal and human movement to researchers in a wide variety of field and laboratory contexts.
Cortisol-treated zebrafish embryos develop into pro-inflammatory adults with aberrant immune gene regulation
Authors: Hartig Ellen I. , Zhu Shusen , King Benjamin L. , Coffman James A. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Chronic early-life stress increases adult susceptibility to numerous health problems linked to chronic inflammation. One way that this may occur is via glucocorticoid-induced developmental programming. To gain insight into such programming we treated zebrafish embryos with cortisol and examined the effects on both larvae and adults. Treated larvae had elevated whole-body cortisol and glucocorticoid signaling, and upregulated genes associated with defense response and immune system processes. In adulthood the treated fish maintained elevated basal cortisol levels in the absence of exogenous cortisol, and constitutively mis-expressed genes involved in defense response and its regulation. Adults derived from cortisol-treated embryos displayed defective tailfin regeneration, heightened basal expression of pro-inflammatory genes, and failure to appropriately regulate those genes following injury or immunological challenge. These results support the hypothesis that chronically elevated glucocorticoid signaling early in life directs development of a pro-inflammatory adult phenotype, at the expense of immunoregulation and somatic regenerative capacity.
Tail Risk Dynamics in Stock Returns: Links to the Macroeconomy and Global Markets Connectedness
Authors: Massacci Daniele 
Published: July 2016

We propose a new time-varying peaks over threshold model to study tail risk dynamics in equity markets: the laws of motion for the parameters are defined through the score-based approach. We apply the model to daily returns from U.S. size-sorted decile stock portfolios and show that large firms’ tail risk increases during recessions more than small firms’ tail risk. Our results are consistent with the granular hypothesis of aggregate fluctuations, and we quantify the impact of large firms’ tail risk shocks on the economy. A measure of tail connectedness is proposed: evidence from international equity markets shows that tail connectedness increases during periods of turmoil.This paper was accepted by Lauren Cohen, finance.
Assessment of wear and periacetabular osteolysis using dual energy computed tomography on a pig cadaver to identify the lowest acceptable radiation dose
Authors: Sandgren B. , Skorpil M. , Nowik P. , Olivecrona H. , Crafoord J. , Weidenhielm L. , Persson A. 
Published: July 2016

Objectives Computed tomography (CT) plays an important role in evaluating wear and periacetabular osteolysis (PAO) in total hip replacements. One concern with CT is the high radiation exposure since standard pelvic CT provides approximately 3.5 millisieverts (mSv) of radiation exposure, whereas a planar radiographic examination with three projections totals approximately 0.5 mSv. The objective of this study was to evaluate the lowest acceptable radiation dose for dual-energy CT (DECT) images when measuring wear and periacetabular osteolysis in uncemented metal components. Materials and Methods A porcine pelvis with bilateral uncemented hip prostheses and with known linear wear and acetabular bone defects was examined in a third-generation multidetector DECT scanner. The examinations were performed with four different radiation levels both with and without iterative reconstruction techniques. From the high and low peak kilo voltage acquisitions, polychrmoatic images were created together with virtual monochromatic images of energies 100 kiloelectron volts (keV) and 150 keV. Results We could assess wear and PAO while substantially lowering the effective radiation dose to 0.7 mSv for a total pelvic view with an accuracy of around 0.5 mm for linear wear and 2 mm to 3 mm for PAO. Conclusion CT for detection of prosthetic wear and PAO could be used with clinically acceptable accuracy at a radiation exposure level equal to plain radiographic exposures. Cite this article: B. Sandgren, M. Skorpil, P. Nowik, H. Olivecrona, J. Crafoord, L. Weidenhielm, A. Persson. Assessment of wear and periacetabular osteolysis using dual energy computed tomography on a pig cadaver to identify the lowest acceptable radiation dose. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:307–313. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.57.2000566.
Epidemiological survey of zoonotic helminths in feral cats in Gran Canaria island (Macaronesian archipelago-Spain)
Authors: Rodríguez-Ponce Eligia , González Jorge F. , de Felipe Magnolia Conde , Hernández Julia N. , Raduan Jaber J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe presence of zoonotic parasites in feral cats have been widely considered all over the world. In Gran Canaria (Macaronesian archipelago, Canary Islands, Spain) the number of feral cats has grown out of control in urban and rural areas. 48 of
Taxonomy, distribution and prevalence of parasites of tigerfish, Hydrocynus vittatus (Castelnau, 1861) in the Sanyati basin, Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe
Authors: Mabika Nyasha , Barson Maxwell , Van Dyk Cobus , Avenant-Oldewage Annemariè 
Published: July 2016

AbstractParasites of the tigerfish
Mechanical modeling of damage accumulation and life evaluation for stress corrosion cracking
Authors: Hou Shanqin , Xu Jinquan 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
To develop damage evolution models, the process of stress corrosion cracking has been distinguished into two stages of “incubation” and static fatigue. The dominative damage accumulation mechanism in the incubation stage is stress-enhanced corrosion, whereas, in the static fatigue stage, besides the corrosion-enhanced static fatigue mechanism, stress-enhanced corrosion might be nonnegligible too. Life curves with or without threshold behavior can be well explained by considering the contribution of corrosion damage accumulation in the static fatigue stage. It has been found that the incubation life is relatively small if the total life is long, but it will play an important role when total life is short, especially in cases with singular stress field. An equivalent stress has been proposed too to deal with stress corrosion under complicated stress states.
Fishing for barcodes in the Torrent: from COI to complete mitogenomes on NGS platforms
Authors: Hinsinger Damien D. , Debruyne Regis , Thomas Maeva , Denys Gaël P. J. , Mennesson Marion , Utage Jose , Dettai Agnes 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe adoption of Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) by the field of DNA barcoding of Metazoa has been hindered by the fit between the classical COI barcode and the Sanger-based sequencing method. Here we describe a framework for the sequencing and multiplexing of mitogenomes on NGS platforms that implements (I) a universal long-range PCR-based amplification technique, (II) a two-level multiplexing approach (i.e. divergence-based and specific tag indexing), and (III) a dedicated demultiplexing and assembling script from an Ion Torrent sequencing platform. We provide a case study of mitogenomes obtained for two vouchered individuals of daces Leuciscus burdigalensis and L. oxyrrhis and show that this workflow enables to recover over 100 mitogenomes per sequencing chip on a PGM sequencer, bringing the individual cost down below 7,50€ per mitogenome (as of current 2015 sequencing costs). The use of several kilobases for identification purposes, as involved in the improved DNA-barcode we propose, stress the need for data reliability, especially through metadata. Based on both scientific and economic considerations, this framework presents a relevant approach for multiplexing samples, adaptable on any desktop NGS platform. It enables to extend from the prevalent barcoding approach by shifting from the single COI to complete mitogenome sequencing
Brief aus Griechenland
Authors: Kavoulakos Konstantinos , Zografidis Giorgos 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Our letter focuses on the present status of Modern Greek philosophy as a discipline and an activity (mainly exercised within its academic setting). We attest the continuous growth of academic philosophy during the last thirty years, especially in the fields of Ancient and Byzantine philosophy, analytical philosophy, liberal political philosophy, bioethics, hermeneutics and Critical Theory. In the two last fields as well as in the case of Kant and German Idealism the dialogue with German philosophy is distinct. Generally, the Greek philosophical community seeks to discard its former scholastic character by orienting itself towards participating in contemporary international debates. In Greece however, philosophy is rarely understood as a field of confrontation between conflicting ideas. Institutional philosophers are reluctant to undertake the role of an active critical intellectual, even though the current economic and social crisis has a strongly negative impact on universities and philosophical research.