bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Penjatuhan Putusan Pidana Bersyarat dalam Mencapai Tujuan Pemidanaan dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana (Studi di Pengadilan Negeri Marisa)
Authors: Nusa Nuryanto D. , Ismail Nurwita , Amu Robby W. 
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this research is to find out and analyze the basis of the judge's consideration in imposing a conditional criminal sentence at the Marisa Court, Pohuwato Regency and to find out and analyze the provisions of conditional punishment in achieving the objectives of punishment in the Indonesian punishment system. The implementation of this research is empris research. In this study, researchers used a qualitative method. The consideration of judges in imposing conditional criminal decisions is a complex and diverse process. It involves an evaluation of the offender's circumstances, community safety, rehabilitation needs, as well as the effectiveness of the punishment in preventing future law violations. By carefully considering these factors, judges can make fair and effective decisions. The judiciary is known as the mouthpiece of the law. Conditional punishment in the Indonesian punishment system can be implemented where the Judge can set a general condition, namely that the convicted person during the specified probation period will not commit a criminal act, and a special condition, which is specifically aimed at the behavior of the convicted person. Conditional punishment can be imposed if the Judge imposes a maximum imprisonment of 1 (one) year. Conditional punishment is an important instrument in the Indonesian punishment system because it provides an opportunity for criminal offenders to rehabilitate themselves and avoid re-engaging in criminal activities.
EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL E ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL: DESAFIOS NA CONTEMPORANEIDADE
Authors: Paese Cláudia Regina , Martins Cavalcante Ana Lucy 
Published: September 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a educação infantil dentro do contexto histórico-social no Brasil, transcrevendo como ocorreu sua evolução e como esta etapa da educação básica se consolidou no país. O problema de investigação deste artigo é: como se tem dado a passagem da educação infantil aos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental diante dos desafios da contemporaneidade? A educação infantil é etapa base para a chegada da criança aos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental, e tem se colocado diante dos desafios da contemporaneidade: como cidadania, igualdade, diversidade e multiculturalismo. Esta discussão está inclusa nos temas transversais – parâmetros curriculares nacionais – PCNs. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica, e a técnica foi a pesquisa documental. Os principais resultados sugerem que os PCNs e a BNCC são ferramentas fundamentais para ajudar o professor a tratar os conteúdos da educação infantil, bem como na transição para o ensino fundamental.
Spatial Specificity of Antioxidant Capacity Assay in Five Varieties of (Moringa oleifera) Leaves Extracts
Authors: M. M Oluewu, , L.T Walker, , S. Ogutu, , C.O Koko, 
Published: September 2024

The objective of this work is to provide a comprehensive description of the average antioxidant capabilities (TEAC and FRAP) of several types of Moringa oleifera, as well as their geographical distribution and a comparative analysis across different nations. The assessment of antioxidant activity was conducted by the use of several techniques, such as ABTS radical cation, Trolox, and FRAP reagent. The antioxidant score (TEAC and FRAP) was dissolved in 80% methanol and 70% ethanol extracts from five distinct nations. The data was examined using descriptive analysis, a one-way ANOVA test, and Tukey's post hoc test. The research also established correlations between antioxidant capabilities among various types originating from different nations. The study shows that among the five countries that tested, India and Nigeria have the highest average Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) numbers for Moringa oleifera leaves. The other four are the USA, Haiti, and Ghana. These values represent a consistent set of environmental circumstances or agricultural practices. Ghana's variability is modest, but the average TEAC levels of the USA and Haiti are lower, suggesting a greater range of possibilities while India have the ability to serve as a dependable supplier of Moringa oleifera products that consistently display antioxidant qualities. However, the antioxidant levels in goods from Nigeria, Ghana, the USA, and Haiti vary, sourcing strategies and quality control procedures may need to be adjusted. Moringa oleifera leaves have varying antioxidant capacity across different nations, with Haiti demonstrating the greatest FRAP value and TEAC value among the countries. India has the greatest Total Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) value and a strong Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) value, whilst Ghana exhibits a robust antioxidant profile. India and Haiti consistently provide high-quality products for general antioxidant uses, but Nigeria may need extra quality control measures or mixing with more potent sources to reach the necessary antioxidant benefits. The comprehensive score is calculated by taking the average of the TEAC and FRAP percentages. Notably, the TEAC numbers are greatly affected by the place of birth. Compared to TEAC, the place of origin has a bigger effect on the FRAP values. The geographical origin of Moringa oleifera significantly affects its capacity for reduction, displaying remarkable variances between countries like as Ghana, Haiti, India, and Tusk.
Patterns of Iron Biomarkers among Hypertensive Individuals in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Authors: Erho Simon Akpomemera , Chinko Bruno Chukwuemeka , Aduema Wadioni , Fente Erighanyoyefa Allen 
Published: September 2024

Aims: This research aims to evaluate the patterns of iron biomarkers among hypertensive subjects in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
Study Design: The investigation is a cross-sectional comparative study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Unit), Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital (NDUTH) in Okolobiri Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria, between July 2023 and December 2023.
Methodology: The research involved 246 consenting participants: 74 normotensive individuals and 172 hypertensive patients. Serum iron, ferritin, transferrin, and total iron-binding capacity were measured using spectrophotometric method.
Results: A significant increase in serum ferritin level was observed among female hypertensive subjects compared to their normotensive counterparts (p<0.05). Additionally, when the age groups were matched, the hypertensive group exhibited significantly elevated serum ferritin levels compared to the normotensive controls (p<0.05). We found increased transferrin levels in hypertensive male individuals in the present study (p<0.05). Also, a significant transferrin increase was observed across the age groups of hypertensive individuals compared to the control group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The above findings suggest that hypertensive patients are prone to abnormal iron metabolism. The notable elevation in certain iron status markers underscores the importance of including iron biomarker assessments as part of the clinical evaluation in hypertensive individuals
Effect of Post-harvest Treatments on the Shelf Life of Guava Fruit (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Dhawal
Authors: Singh Satyam , Tripathi Sanjay Kumar , Chandra Suresh , Kumar Arvind , Prakash Satya , Singh Manoj Kumar , Katiyar Hariom , Kumar Amit , Verma Arunesh Kumar , Chauhan Prashant , Singh Saurabh Kumar 
Published: September 2024

The present investigation was carried out at Post harvest Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, India. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design with 11 treatments viz. T0- Control, T1- Aloe vera gel 1%, T2- Aloe vera gel 2%, T3- Corn starch (0.5%), T4- Corn starch 1%, T5- Cassava starch 1% with sunflower oil, T6- Cassava starch 2% with sunflower oil, T7- Cassava starch 3% with sunflower oil, T8- CaNO3 (0.5%), T9- CaNO3 1%, T10- Cassava starch 1% with sunflower oil and bee wax all of which were triplicated was conducted during the year 2023. The study faces several challenges, one of the primary difficulties being the need to ensure uniformity in applying the various physico-chemical treatments to the guava fruits in order to obtain reliable and comparable results. Additionally, controlling external factors like temperature and humidity during the postharvest period poses a significant challenge, as these factors must be managed carefully to accurately evaluate the impact of the treatments on the fruit's quality and shelf life. Out of 11 treatments applied the fruits treated with Corn starch (1%) and Corn starch (0.5%) had significantly better fruit quality over other treatments in respect of parameters i.e., Physiological loss in weight, Decay percent, Fruit firmness, Sensory evaluation test, T.S.S., pH, Titrability acidity and reducing sugar. The Aloe vera gel were also found to be significantly superior treatments over the control in respect of storage quality and shelf- life. Based on results obtained in the present study, it can be concluded that Corn starch 1% was found to be the most appropriate treatment in Guava cv. Dhawal on account of better shelf- life. Therefore, Corn starch 1% can be adopted with great success in Guava cv. Dhawal for physico-chemical traits, storage, quality and shelf-life on commercial scale.
Robust cloud feedback over tropical land in a warming climate
Authors: Kamae Youichi , Ogura Tomoo , Watanabe Masahiro , Xie Shang‐Ping , Ueda Hiroaki 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCloud‐related radiative perturbations over land in a warming climate are of importance for human health, ecosystem, agriculture, and industry via solar radiation availability and local warming amplification. However, robustness and physical mechanisms responsible for the land cloud feedback were not examined sufficiently because of the limited contribution to uncertainty in global climate sensitivity. Here we show that cloud feedback in general circulation models over tropical land is robust, positive, and is relevant to atmospheric circulation change and thermodynamic constraint associated with water vapor availability. In a warming climate, spatial variations in tropospheric warming associated with climatological circulation pattern result in a general weakening of tropical circulation and a dynamic reduction of land cloud during summer monsoon season. Limited increase in availability of water vapor also reduces the land cloud. The reduction of land cloud depends on global‐scale oceanic warming and is not sensitive to regional warming patterns. The robust positive feedback can contribute to the warming amplification and drying over tropical land in the future.
The Barbier–Grignard‐Type Arylation of Ketones and Unexpected Cross‐Coupling of Phenolic Ketones using Unactivated Aryl Bromides
Authors: Wen Yunming , Chen Guifang , Huang Shiqiang , Tang Yu , Yang Jun , Zhang Yuanming 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA novel, highly versatile and efficient method has been developed for the Barbier–Grignard‐type arylation of ketones and an unexpected cross‐coupling of phenolic ketones was observed using unactivated bromides and magnesium in tetrahydrofuran/toluene at 96 °C promoted by multicatalysts of cupric bromide (15 mol%), bismuth chloride (5 mol%) and silver bromide (10 mol%). The substituent and electronic effects on the reaction have been discussed. High yields of arylation and cross‐coupling have been attained under mild conditions. A novel reasonable mechanism involving a quinone intermediate is proposed. The high chemical selectivity in the cross‐coupling to the hydroxy group of phenolic ketones should help ketones find new applications.magnified image
Rhodium(II)‐Catalysed Skeletal Rearrangement of Ether Tethered N‐Sulfonyl 1,2,3‐Triazoles: a Rapid Approach to 2‐Aminoindanone and Dihydroisoquinoline Derivatives
Authors: Yu Yinghua , Zhu Lei , Liao Yun , Mao Zhifeng , Huang Xueliang 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe skeletal rearrangement of ether tethered N‐sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles has been achieved by rhodium(II) catalysis. This method offers a rapid entry to 2‐aminoindanone and dihydroisoquinoline architectures which can be further transformed to other valuable building blocks, such as vicinal aminoindanols, isoquinolines and isoquinolinones. A pathway involving an azavinyl rhodium carbene intermediate was proposed according to a preliminary mechanistic study.magnified image
Atomistic Description of Reaction Intermediates for Supported Metathesis Catalysts Enabled by DNP SENS
Authors: Ong Ta‐Chung , Liao Wei‐Chih , Mougel Victor , Gajan David , Lesage Anne , Emsley Lyndon , Copéret Christophe 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObtaining detailed structural information of reaction intermediates remains a key challenge in heterogeneous catalysis because of the amorphous nature of the support and/or the support interface that prohibits the use of diffraction‐based techniques. Combining isotopic labeling and dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) increases the sensitivity of surface enhanced solid‐state NMR spectroscopy (SENS) towards surface species in heterogeneous alkene metathesis catalysts; this in turn allows direct determination of the bond connectivity and measurement of the carbon–carbon bond distance in metallacycles, which are the cycloaddition intermediates in the alkene metathesis catalytic cycle. Furthermore, this approach makes possible the understanding of the slow initiation and deactivation steps in these heterogeneous metathesis catalysts.
Activation of Methane and Ethane as Mediated by the Triatomic Anion HNbN−: Electronic Structure Similarity with a Pt Atom
Authors: Ma Jia‐Bi , Xu Lin‐Lin , Liu Qing‐Yu , He Sheng‐Gui 
Published: March 2016

AbstractInvestigations of the intrinsic properties of gas‐phase transition metal nitride (TMN) ions represent one approach to gain a fundamental understanding of the active sites of TMN catalysts, the activities and electronic structures of which are known to be comparable to those of noble metal catalysts. Herein, we investigate the structures and reactivities of the triatomic anions HNbN− by means of mass spectrometry and photoelectron imaging spectroscopy, in conjunction with density functional theory calculations. The HNbN− anions are capable of activating CH4 and C2H6 through oxidative addition, exhibiting similar reactivities to free Pt atoms. The similar electronic structures of HNbN− and Pt, especially the active orbitals, are responsible for this resemblance. Compared to the inert NbN−, the coordination of the H atom in HNbN− is indispensable. New insights into how to replace noble metals with TMNs may be derived from this combined experimental/computational study.
Self‐Supporting Metal–Organic Layers as Single‐Site Solid Catalysts
Authors: Cao Lingyun , Lin Zekai , Peng Fei , Wang Weiwei , Huang Ruiyun , Wang Cheng , Yan Jiawei , Liang Jie , Zhang Zhiming , Zhang Teng , Long Lasheng , Sun Junliang , Lin Wenbin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMetal–organic layers (MOLs) represent an emerging class of tunable and functionalizable two‐dimensional materials. In this work, the scalable solvothermal synthesis of self‐supporting MOLs composed of [Hf6O4(OH)4(HCO2)6] secondary building units (SBUs) and benzene‐1,3,5‐tribenzoate (BTB) bridging ligands is reported. The MOL structures were directly imaged by TEM and AFM, and doped with 4′‐(4‐benzoate)‐(2,2′,2′′‐terpyridine)‐5,5′′‐dicarboxylate (TPY) before being coordinated with iron centers to afford highly active and reusable single‐site solid catalysts for the hydrosilylation of terminal olefins. MOL‐based heterogeneous catalysts are free from the diffusional constraints placed on all known porous solid catalysts, including metal–organic frameworks. This work uncovers an entirely new strategy for designing single‐site solid catalysts and opens the door to a new class of two‐dimensional coordination materials with molecular functionalities.
Interkalationsverbindungen als Referenzelektroden für reproduzierbare und robuste ionenselektive Festkontaktelektroden
Authors: Ishige Yu , Klink Stefan , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIonenselektive Elektroden (ISE) werden jedes Jahr millionenfach zur routinemäßigen klinischen Analyse von Blutelektrolyten eingesetzt. Die Entwicklung von preiswerten, Chip‐integrierten Sensoren erfordert bisher jedoch einen Kompromiss zwischen Größe, Robustheit und Reproduzierbarkeit der Elektroden, da die Grenzflächenpotentiale zwischen ionenselektiver Membran und innerer Referenzelektrode bei der Miniaturisierung häufig in Mitleidenschaft gezogen werden. In dieser Arbeit zeigen wir, wie sich kationenselektive Interkalationsverbindungen wie halbgeladenes Lithiumeisenphosphat als innere Referenzelektrode quasi‐erster Art für ISEs verwenden lassen. Das symmetrische Ansprechverhalten der Membran und der Referenzelektrode gegenüber Kationen resultiert dabei sowohl in einer hohen Robustheit gegenüber Konzentrationsschwankungen der Innenfüllung (≈5 mV pro Konzentrationsdekade) als auch in einer robusten miniaturisierbaren Festkontakt‐ISE ohne Innenfüllung. Beide Arten von ISE weisen ein definiertes und stabiles Potential auf, welches sich aus dem Gleichgewichtspotential des LiFePO4/FePO4‐Redoxpaares (97.0±1.5 mV nach 42 Tagen) ableitet und mit −1.1±1.4 μV h−1 keine statistisch signifikante Drift bei einer durchschnittlichen Standardabweichung jeder Elektrode von weniger als ±0.7 mV nach 50 Tagen aufweist.
Structural Characterization of N‐Alkylated Twisted Amides: Consequences for Amide Bond Resonance and N−C Cleavage
Authors: Hu Feng , Lalancette Roger , Szostak Michal 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHerein, we describe the first structural characterization of N‐alkylated twisted amides prepared directly by N‐alkylation of the corresponding non‐planar lactams. This study provides the first experimental evidence that N‐alkylation results in a dramatic increase of non‐planarity around the amide N−C(O) bond. Moreover, we report a rare example of a molecular wire supported by the same amide C=O‐Ag bonds. Reactivity studies demonstrate rapid nucleophilic addition to the N−C(O) moiety of N‐alkylated amides, indicating the lack of nN to π*C=O conjugation. Most crucially, we demonstrate that N‐alkylation activates the otherwise unreactive amide bond towards σ N−C cleavage by switchable coordination.
Construction of Vicinal Quaternary Stereogenic Centers by Enantioselective Direct Mannich‐Type Reaction Using a Chiral Bis(guanidino)iminophosphorane Catalyst
Authors: Takeda Tadahiro , Kondoh Azusa , Terada Masahiro 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA novel asymmetric direct Mannich‐type reaction of α‐iminophenylacetate esters with thionolactones, bearing a substituent at the α‐position, as a less acidic pronucleophile was developed. Using bis(guanidino)iminophosphorane as the chiral organosuperbase catalyst, the reaction afforded densely functionalized amino‐acid derivatives having vicinal quaternary stereogenic centers, one of which is an all‐carbon quaternary stereogenic center, in good yield with high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities.
Effect of temperature on the release of volatile and odorous compounds in flax fibers
Authors: Savary Géraldine , Morel Aurélie , Picard Céline , Grisel Michel 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThe behavior of flax fibers was investigated at temperatures of 80 °C, 200 °C, 215 °C, and 230 °C for a period of 60 min. First, thermogravimetric and colorimetric analyzes were carried out to characterize the impact of the temperature on the weight loss and the color of the fibers. Then, the release of volatile and odorous compounds from flax fibers was studied using both chemical and sensory approaches. Solid phase micro extraction was done to isolate the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the headspace of the sample while gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) and olfactometry (O) were used to determine the volatile and odorous compounds released at each temperature. About 24 VOCs were identified in the volatile fraction of flax fibers with a high occurrence of aliphatic aldehydes, phenols, and furans. Quantification by GC‐MS and by the aroma extract dilution analysis method was implemented. The results point to a critical temperature between 215 °C and 230 °C from which the odor of flax fibers becomes more intense, more complex, and with unpleasant features. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43497.
Fast‐Response Turn‐on Fluorescent Probes Based on Thiolysis of NBD Amine for H2S Bioimaging
Authors: Wang Runyu , Li Zhifei , Zhang Changyu , Li Yanyan , Xu Guoce , Zhang Qiang‐Zhe , Li Lu‐Yuan , Yi Long , Xi Zhen 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important endogenous signaling molecule with multiple biological functions. New selective fluorescent turn‐on probes based on fast thiolyling of NBD (7‐nitro‐1,2,3‐benzoxadiazole) amine were explored for sensing H2S in aqueous buffer and in living cells. The syntheses of both probes are simple and quite straightforward. The probes are highly sensitive and selective toward H2S over other biologically relevant species. The fluorescein‐NBD‐based probe showed 65‐fold green fluorescent increase upon H2S activation. The rhodamine‐NBD‐based probe reacted rapidly with H2S (t1/2≈1 min) to give a 4.5‐fold increase in red fluorescence. Moreover, both probes were successfully used for monitoring H2S in living cells and in mice. Based on such probe‐based tools, we could observe H2O2‐induced H2S biogenesis in a concentration‐dependent and time‐dependent fashion in living cells.
New Insights into the Diels–Alder Reaction of Graphene Oxide
Authors: Brisebois Patrick P. , Kuss Christian , Schougaard Steen B. , Izquierdo Ricardo , Siaj Mohamed 
Published: March 2016

AbstractGraphene oxide is regarded as a major precursor for graphene‐based materials. The development of graphene oxide based derivatives with new functionalities requires a thorough understanding of its chemical reactivity, especially for canonical synthetic methods such as the Diels–Alder cycloaddition. The Diels–Alder reaction has been successfully extended with graphene oxide as a source of diene by using maleic anhydride as a dienophile, thereby outlining the presence of the cis diene present in the graphene oxide framework. This reaction provides fundamental information for understanding the exact structure and chemical nature of graphene oxide. On the basis of high‐resolution 13C‐SS NMR spectra, we show evidence for the formation of new sp3 carbon centers covalently bonded to graphene oxide following hydrolysis of the reaction product. DFT calculations are also used to show that the presence of a cis dihydroxyl and C vacancy on the surface of graphene oxide are promoting the reaction with significant negative reaction enthalpies.
New Chiral Reagent for Installation of Pharmacophoric (S)‐ or (R)‐2‐(Alkoxyphosphono)‐1‐amino‐2,2‐difluoroethyl Groups
Authors: Xie Chen , Zhang Lijun , Mei Haibo , Pajkert Romana , Ponomarenko Maksym , Pan Yi , Röschenthaler Gerd‐Volker , Soloshonok Vadim A. , Han Jianlin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA new chiral reagent has been developed for generalized installation of pharmacophoric (S)‐ or (R)‐2‐(alkoxyphosphono)‐1‐amino‐2,2‐difluoroethyl group into organic compounds. The original synthetic application of this new reagent is exemplified by Friedel–Crafts reactions with indoles, which proceed efficiently with excellent diastereoselectivity to give enantiomerically pure products.