bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of survival of altered and hybrid Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor in association with Anabaena variabilis in fresh and brackish water microcosms
Authors: Akter Tanzina , Mahmud Zahid Hayat , Islam Mohammad Shafiqul , Mahmud Hafij Al , Ahmed Mir Alvee , Rahman Mohammad Hasibur , Parvez Mohammad Anowar Khasru , Islam Khairul , Clemens John David , Islam Mohammad Sirajul 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe survival of altered and hybrid Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor in association with a cyanobacterium, Anabaena variabilis in pond (fresh) and brackish water microcosms was investigated. Survival of culturable bacteria was monitored on taurocholate tellurite gelatine agar plate. Viable but nonculturable (VBNC) bacteria were examined using fluorescent antibody (FA) technique. In pond water, altered and hybrid El Tor survived with cyanobacteria 10 and 18 days respectively and in control water 6 and 12 days respectively in culturable state. In pond water VBNC state altered and hybrid El Tor were found to persist 48 and 53 days respectively but in brackish water 65 and 70 days respectively in association with cyanobacteria. Brackish water was found to be a better habitat than pond water for the survival of these strains. Hybrid El Tor survived longer inside the mucilaginous sheath of A. variabilis than altered El Tor both in pond and brackish water microcosms.
Circulating leucocytes perpetuate stroke‐induced aortic dysfunction
Authors: Asano Shinichi , O'Connell Grant C. , Lemaster Kent C. , DeVallance Evan R. , Branyan Kayla W. , Simpkins James W. , Frisbee Jefferson C. , Barr Taura L. , Chantler Paul D. 
Published: July 2017

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Does a stroke event influence aortic endothelial function; and what is the role of peripheral circulating leucocytes in stroke on the vascular reactivity of the aorta?

What is the main finding and its importance?
In vitro co‐culture experiments demonstrated that aortic endothelium‐dependent relaxation was impaired when rat aortic rings were co‐cultured with leucocytes stimulated with serum from stroke patients. Impaired vascular reactivity was not observed in aortic rings without leucocytes stimulated with serum from stroke patients or age‐matched control patients with or without leucocytes. These data suggest that leucocyte‐dependent altered aortic endothelium‐dependent relaxation with stroke and the systemic consequences of stroke on vascular inflammation may occur in the aorta.

Post‐stroke inflammation has been linked to poor stroke outcomes. The vascular endothelium senses and responds to circulating factors, in particular inflammatory cytokines. Although stroke‐associated local cerebrovascular dysfunction is well reported, the effects of a stroke on conduit artery function are not fully understood. We tested the hypothesis that serum from stroke patients triggers leucocyte‐dependent aortic endothelial dysfunction that is associated with elevated concentrations of cytokines. Total leucocytes were isolated from healthy individuals, and the cells were incubated in serum from control subjects or stroke patients for 6 h. The quantity of cytokines in media was determined using an immunoassay. Vascular reactivity was determined by the rat aortic rings that were co‐cultured with or without leucocytes and stimulated with serum samples from control subjects or stroke patients. Endothelium‐dependent dilatation was significantly impaired in aortic rings co‐cultured with leucocytes plus serum from stroke patients (50 ± 30 versus 85 ± 13%, P < 0.05) versus serum from control subjects. In contrast, no difference was observed in aortic function stimulated with serum from control subjects or stroke patients without total leucocytes. Likewise, total leucocyte‐derived cytokine concentrations were significantly increased in a time‐dependent manner on stimulation with serum from stroke patients (P < 0.05). These observations support the concept that the increased response of leucocytes drives the development of stroke‐associated vascular endothelial dysfunction. As such, pharmacologically targeting the source of inflammatory cytokines might alleviate stroke‐associated peripheral vascular dysfunction.
Decline in cellular function of aged mouse c‐kit+ cardiac progenitor cells
Authors: Castaldi Alessandra , Dodia Ramsinh Mansinh , Orogo Amabel M. , Zambrano Cristina M. , Najor Rita H. , Gustafsson Åsa B. , Heller Brown Joan , Purcell Nicole H. 
Published: July 2017

Key points
While autologous stem cell‐based therapies are currently being tested on elderly patients, there are limited data on the function of aged stem cells and in particular c‐kit+ cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs). We isolated c‐kit+ cells from young (3 months) and aged (24 months) C57BL/6 mice to compare their biological properties.
Aged CPCs have increased senescence, decreased stemness and reduced capacity to proliferate or to differentiate following dexamethasone (Dex) treatment in vitro, as evidenced by lack of cardiac lineage gene upregulation.
Aged CPCs fail to activate mitochondrial biogenesis and increase proteins involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in response to Dex.
Aged CPCs fail to upregulate paracrine factors that are potentially important for proliferation, survival and angiogenesis in response to Dex.
The results highlight marked differences between young and aged CPCs, which may impact future design of autologous stem cell‐based therapies.
AbstractTherapeutic use of c‐kit+ cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) is being evaluated for regenerative therapy in older patients with ischaemic heart failure. Our understanding of the biology of these CPCs has, however, largely come from studies of young cells and animal models. In the present study we examined characteristics of CPCs isolated from young (3 months) and aged (24 months) mice that could underlie the diverse outcomes reported for CPC‐based therapeutics. We observed morphological differences and altered senescence indicated by increased senescence‐associated markers β‐galactosidase and p16 mRNA in aged CPCs. The aged CPCs also proliferated more slowly than their young counterparts and expressed lower levels of the stemness marker LIN28. We subsequently treated the cells with dexamethasone (Dex), routinely used to induce commitment in CPCs, for 7 days and analysed expression of cardiac lineage marker genes. While MEF2C, GATA4, GATA6 and PECAM mRNAs were significantly upregulated in response to Dex treatment in young CPCs, their expression was not increased in aged CPCs. Interestingly, Dex treatment of aged CPCs also failed to increase mitochondrial biogenesis and expression of the mitochondrial proteins Complex III and IV, consistent with a defect in mitochondria complex assembly in the aged CPCs. Dex‐treated aged CPCs also had impaired ability to upregulate expression of paracrine factor genes and the conditioned media from these cells had reduced ability to induce angiogenesis in vitro. These findings could impact the design of future CPC‐based therapeutic approaches for the treatment of older patients suffering from cardiac injury.
Towards Identifying the Elements of a Minimum Information Model for Use in a Model-Based Definition
Authors: Miller Alexander McDermott , Hartman Nathan W. , Hedberg Thomas , Barnard Feeney Allison , Zahner Jesse 
Published: July 2017

The Model-Based Enterprise (MBE) paradigm is being adopted by manufacturing companies in a variety of industries. Companies benefit from enhanced visualization, documentation, and communication capabilities when 3D annotated product definitions, or Model-Based Definitions (MBD) replace two-dimensional drawings throughout an enterprise. It is critical that product information, much of which is defined implicitly in drawings, is not lost in this transition. This presents a challenge to authors and translators of 3D models used through the product lifecycle. They must understand the semantics of the product information typically presented by a drawing then explicitly include this information, in a computer-interpretable form, in the MBD.
The research study described in this paper seeks to discover what is the minimum set of required information to carry out all the tasks in a given workflow of a model-based enterprise. A survey was conducted across various industry sectors to identify the foundational elements of this Minimum Information Model (MIM) in selected workflows. This study identified the information used within the specific workflows, the capabilities of 3D CAD models to carry this information, and the implications for doing so.
Bending Mechanism Analysis for Laser Forming of Metal Foam
Authors: Bucher Tizian , Young Adelaide , Zhang Min , Chen Chang Jun , Yao Y. Lawrence 
Published: July 2017

To date, the industrial production of metal foam components has remained challenging, since few methods exist to manufacture metal foam into the shapes required in engineering applications. Laser forming is currently the only method with a high geometrical flexibility that is able to shape arbitrarily sized parts. What prevents the industrial implementation of the method, however, is that no detailed experimental analysis has been done of the metal foam strain response during laser forming, and hence the existing numerical models have been insufficiently validated. Moreover, current understanding of the laser forming process is poor, and it has been assumed, without experimental proof, that the temperature gradient mechanism (TGM) from sheet metal forming is the governing mechanism for metal foam.
In this study, these issues were addressed by using digital image correlation (DIC) to obtain in-process and post-process strain data that was then used to validate a numerical model. Additionally, metal foam laser forming was compared with metal foam 4-point bending and sheet metal laser forming to explain why metal foam can be bent despite its high bending stiffness, and to evaluate whether TGM is valid for metal foam.
The strain measurements revealed that tensile stretching is only a small contributor to foam bending, with the major contributor being compression-induced shortening. Unlike in sheet metal laser forming, this shortening is achieved through cell wall bending, as opposed to plastic compressive strains. Based on this important difference with traditional TGM, a modified temperature gradient mechanism (MTGM) was proposed.
The Effects of Polarity and Current Path in Electrically Assisted Single Point Incremental Forming of 2024-T3 Aluminum
Authors: Grimm Tyler J. , Ragai Ihab , Roth John T. 
Published: July 2017

Electrically assisted incremental sheet forming (EAIF) is a novel addition to the incremental forming (IF) method. One variation of this approach applies direct electrical current during forming. Many improvements over tradition IF can be seen by utilizing this method, to include greater part accuracy, reduced forming force, and greater formability.
In order to maximize the effects of electrically assisted incremental forming, all parameters of the method must be investigated, including the polarity of the current passing through the part and the path that the applied current takes. The effects of altering these two parameters is the primary investigation in this research.
It was determined that, in order to optimize springback reduction and formability during electrically assisted single point incremental forming, the tool should be assigned the positive electrode and the center of the workpiece should be assigned the negative electrode. Additionally, the mechanism behind the spalling effect inherent to EAIF is discussed.
Chatter Suppression in Parallel Turning With Unequal Pitch Using Observer Based Cutting Force Estimation
Authors: Sakata Shinya , Kadota Takashi , Yamada Yuki , Nakanishi Kenichi , Yoshioka Hayato , Suzuki Norikazu , Kakinuma Yasuhiro 
Published: July 2017

Parallel turning attracts attention as one of the important technologies for the multi-tasking machine tools. This is because there is a potential to enhance the stability limits compared to turning operation using single tool when cutting conditions are properly selected. Although stability prediction models for parallel turning have been developed in recent years, in-process monitoring technique of chatter is almost out of focus.
In this study, to suppress chatter vibration, unequal pitch turning method was proposed. In this method, the upper tool was controlled based on optimum pitch angle calculated from spindle speed and chatter frequency. Chatter frequency was identified from estimated cutting force by disturbance observer. From the result of parallel turning test, it is clear that chatter vibration can be suppressed by controlling the upper tool based on optimum pitch angle.
Fabrication and Characterization of a Biocompatible Coating Formed on a Heat-Treated Magnesium Alloy Using Micro-Arc Oxidation
Authors: Ibrahim Hamdy , Elahinia Mohammad 
Published: July 2017

The fast corrosion rate of magnesium (Mg) alloys is the main problem associated with the use of such biocompatible alloys for bone fixation applications. The corrosion resistance of Mg alloys can be improved by different post-fabrication processes such as heat treatment and coating. We have heat-treated a biocompatible Mg-1.2Zn-0.5Ca (wt.%) alloy at optimized heat treatment parameters to achieve the highest mechanical strength and corrosion resistance. Afterwards, the heat-treated alloy was coated with a ceramic layer using micro arc oxidation (MAO) process to further enhance the corrosion resistance.
The microstructure of the prepared samples was investigated using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The corrosion characteristics were determined by conducting in vitro electrochemical and immersion corrosion tests.
The results showed that the heat treatment process successfully improved the mechanical and corrosion properties of the Mg-1.2Zn-0.5Mn (wt.%) alloy. Both the in vitro electrochemical and immersion corrosion tests showed that the MAO-coated samples have a significantly higher corrosion resistance which results in a significantly lower corrosion rate. This study indicated that the biocompatible coating produced by MAO process may be suitable for providing heat-treated Mg-Zn-Ca-based alloys with protection from corrosion towards synthesizing bone fixation materials in clinical application.
Effect of Pregnancy on Ventricular and Aortic Dimensions in Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Cauldwell Matthew , Quail Michael A. , Smith Gillian S. , Heng Ee Ling , Ghonim Sarah , Uebing Anselm , Swan Lorna , Li Wei , Patel Roshni R. , Pennell Dudley J. , Steer Philip J. , Johnson Mark R. , Gatzoulis Michael A. , Babu‐Narayan Sonya V. 
Published: July 2017

Background

The aim was to assess whether cardiovascular adaptation to pregnancy in women with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (
TOF
) adversely affects hemodynamic stability, in particular with respect to right ventricular (
RV
) dilatation, pulmonary regurgitation, or aortic root dilatation.

Methods and Results

This was a retrospective cohort study of women with repaired
TOF
with paired cardiovascular magnetic resonance scans before and after their first pregnancy (baseline
RV
end systolic volume index 49 mL/m
2
and
RV
end diastolic volume index 118 mL/m
2
) matched with a comparison group of nulliparous women with
TOF
. Cases were matched for age at baseline cardiovascular magnetic resonance scan, time between follow‐up of cardiovascular magnetic resonance scans,
QRS
duration,
RV
ejection fraction, and indexed
RV
end systolic and diastolic volume at baseline. Effect of pregnancy and time on parameters was assessed using mixed‐effects modelling. Nineteen women with repaired
TOF
who had completed their first pregnancy were identified and matched with 38 nulliparous women. We observed no deleterious effects of pregnancy on
RV
volumes, aortic dimensions, or exercise data. There was an effect of pregnancy observed in both left ventricular end diastolic volume and left ventricular stroke volume, consistent with a sustained small increase in left ventricular stroke volume attributed to pregnancy (53–55 mL/m
2
).

Conclusions

Women with repaired
TOF
and with mild‐to‐moderate
RV
dilatation considering pregnancy can be reassured that pregnancy is unlikely to cause deterioration in their cardiovascular status. We recommend that women are routinely assessed and followed up before and after pregnancy and that prepregnancy counseling is tailored to their individual clinical status.
Thromboembolic Risk, Bleeding Outcomes and Effect of Different Antithrombotic Strategies in Very Elderly Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Sub‐Analysis From the PREFER in AF (
PRE
vention o
F
Thromboembolic Events–
E
uropean
R
egistry in
A
trial
F
ibrillation)
Authors: Patti Giuseppe , Lucerna Markus , Pecen Ladislav , Siller‐Matula Jolanta M. , Cavallari Ilaria , Kirchhof Paulus , De Caterina Raffaele 
Published: July 2017

Background
Increasing age predisposes to both thromboembolic and bleeding events in patients with atrial fibrillation; therefore, balancing risks and benefits of antithrombotic strategies in older populations is crucial. We investigated 1‐year outcome with different antithrombotic approaches in very elderly atrial fibrillation patients (age ≥85 years) compared with younger patients.

Methods and Results

We accessed individual patients’ data from the prospective PREFER in AF (PREvention oF thromboembolic events‐European Registry in Atrial Fibrillation), compared outcomes with and without oral anticoagulation (
OAC
), and estimated weighed net clinical benefit in different age groups. A total of 6412 patients, 505 of whom were aged ≥85 years, were analyzed. In patients aged <85 years, the incidence of thromboembolic events was 2.8%/year without
OAC
versus 2.3%/year with
OAC
(0.5% absolute reduction); in patients aged ≥85 years, it was 6.3%/year versus 4.3%/year (2% absolute reduction). In very elderly patients, the risk of major bleeding was higher than in younger patients, but similar in patients on
OAC
and in those on antiplatelet therapy or without antithrombotic treatment (4.0%/year versus 4.2%/year;
P
=0.77).
OAC
was overall associated with weighted net clinical benefit, assigning weights to nonfatal events according to their prognostic implication for subsequent death (−2.19%;
CI
, −4.23%, −0.15%;
P
=0.036). We found a significant gradient of this benefit as a function of age, with the oldest patients deriving the highest benefit.

Conclusions

Because the risk of stroke increases with age more than the risk of bleeding, the absolute benefit of
OAC
is highest in very elderly patients, where it, by far, outweighs the risk of bleeding, with the greatest net clinical benefit in such patients.
Dog “Meat” Consumption in China
Authors: Li Peter J. , Sun Jiang , Yu Dezhi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe consumption of dog “meat” is dividing the Chinese society into two camps. Is dog eating part of the mainstream food culture or is it a declining practice? With the help of a survey of 1,265 respondents in Yanji and Dalian, the study confirms different rates of acceptance regarding dog eating among the respondents by age, ethnicity, education, rural-urban residence status, and profession. Contrary to the belief that urbanization weakens traditional behaviors, our study found that Yanji, with its high urbanization rate, considers dog “meat” consumption to be acceptable. The local subculture appeared to be a strong intervening factor. Unlike Korean vegetable side dishes, dog “meat” is not a mainstream food choice in Yanji. The eating habit may continue for a long time if it is not banned. However, the decline of the eating habit seems irreversible.
Submesoscale Dynamics in the Northern Gulf of Mexico. Part III: Lagrangian Implications
Authors: Choi Jun , Bracco Annalisa , Barkan Roy , Shchepetkin Alexander F. , McWilliams James C. , Molemaker Jeroen M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFour numerical simulations are used to characterize the impact of submesoscale circulations on surface Lagrangian statistics in the northern Gulf of Mexico over 2 months, February and August, representative of winter and summer. The role of resolution and riverine forcing is explored focusing on surface waters in regions where the water column is deeper than 50 m. Whenever submesoscale circulations are present, the probability density functions (PDFs) of dynamical quantities such as vorticity and horizontal velocity divergence for Eulerian and Lagrangian fields differ, with particles preferentially mapping areas of elevated negative divergence and positive vorticity. The stronger the submesoscale circulations are, the more skewed the Lagrangian distributions become, with greater differences between Eulerian and Lagrangian PDFs. In winter, Lagrangian distributions are modestly impacted by the presence of the riverine outflow, while increasing the model resolution from submesoscale permitting to submesoscale resolving has a more profound impact. In summer, the presence of riverine-induced buoyancy gradients is the key to the development of submesoscale circulations and different Eulerian and Lagrangian PDFs. Finite-size Lyapunov exponents (FSLEs) are used to characterize lateral mixing rates. Whenever submesoscale circulations are resolved and riverine outflow is included, FSLEs slopes are broadly consistent with local stirring. Simulated slopes are close to −0.5 and support a velocity field where the ageostrophic and frontogenetic components contribute stirring at scales between about 5 and 7 times the model resolution and 100 km. The robustness of Lagrangian statistics is further discussed in terms of their spatial and temporal variability and of the number of particles available.
Il dibattito intorno al volgare antico tra Leonardo Bruni e Flavio Biondo sullo sfondo della cognizione linguistica di Dante
Authors: Schöntag Roger 
Published: July 2017

La nozione linguistica “latino volgare” e l’idea della diversificazione interna del latino risale a un dibattito nell’anticamera di papa Eugenio IV nel 1435. Leonardo Bruni e Flavio Biondo esposero le loro convinzioni sul latino nell’antichità romana in due brevi trattati. L’obiettivo del presente saggio è di ritrarre la discussione tra Bruni e Biondo e di esporre in quale maniera gli umanisti attingono alla teoria dantesca, anche se i due eruditi probabilmente non hanno avuto conoscenza diretta del trattato De vulgari eloquentia ( DVE), scritto che rappresenta, considerando il latino, un punto di vista tipicamente medievale ( grammatica vs. vulgare, ars vs. natura). La nuova idea, il latino come lingua viva che cambia e si modifica, emerge in questo contesto storico.
What makes public sector innovations survive? An exploratory study of the influence of feedback, accountability and learning
Authors: van Acker Wouter , Bouckaert Geert 
Published: July 2017

The question whether public sector innovations last, and what determines their chances of survival, remains a gap in the public management literature. This exploratory study focuses on the winners and nominees of public sector innovation awards in Belgium, France, the Netherlands, Romania, Slovakia and the UK. Through a survey covering 220 cases, it examines whether feedback loops, accountability mechanisms and learning processes (FAL) can explain the survival of public sector innovations. The conclusion is that a culture of feedback, accountability and learning seems to be positively linked with the survival of innovations. Points for practitioners It is one thing to innovate, but it is another to make innovations last. A culture of feedback information, learning processes to interpret this feedback information, and a culture of accountability seem to improve the chances of innovations to stand the test of time. Instruments to measure innovation’s performance on its own do not seem to affect innovation’s survival chances.