bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative proteomics in plant protease substrate identification
Authors: Demir Fatih , Niedermaier Stefan , Villamor Joji Grace , Huesgen Pitter Florian 
Published: May 2017

Contents

Summary
936

I.
Introduction
936

II.
The quest for plant protease substrates – proteomics to the rescue?
937

III.
Quantitative proteome comparison reveals candidate substrates
938

IV.
Dynamic metabolic stable isotope labeling to measure protein turnover in vivo
938

V.
Terminomics – large‐scale identification of protease cleavage sites
939

VI.
Substrate or not substrate, that is the question
940

VII.
Concluding remarks
941

Acknowledgements
941

References
941

SummaryProteolysis is a central regulatory mechanism of protein homeostasis and protein function that affects all aspects of plant life. Higher plants encode for hundreds of proteases, but their physiological substrates and hence their molecular functions remain mostly unknown. Current quantitative mass spectrometry‐based proteomics enables unbiased large‐scale interrogation of the proteome and its modifications. Here we provide an overview of proteomics techniques that allow profiling of changes in protein abundance, measurement of proteome turnover rates, identification of protease cleavage sites in vivo and in vitro and determination of protease sequence specificity. We discuss how these techniques can help to reveal protease substrates and determine plant protease function, illustrated by recent studies on selected plant proteases.
The right and the wrong kind of reasons
Authors: Gertken Jan , Kiesewetter Benjamin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn a number of recent philosophical debates, it has become common to distinguish between two kinds of normative reasons, often calledthe right kind of reasons(henceforth, RKR) andthe wrong kind of reasons(henceforth, WKR). The distinction was first introduced in discussions of the so‐calledbuck‐passing account of value, which aims to analyze value properties in terms of reasons for pro‐attitudes and has been argued to face thewrong kind of reasons problem. But nowadays, it also gets applied in other philosophical contexts and to reasons for other responses than pro‐attitudes, for example in recent debates about evidentialism and pragmatism about reasons for belief. While there seems to be wide agreement that there is a general and uniform distinction that applies to reasons for different responses, there is little agreement about the scope, relevance, and nature of this distinction. Our aim in this article is to shed some light on this issue by surveying the RKR/WKR distinction as it has been drawn with respect to different responses, and by examining how it can be understood as a uniform distinction across different contexts. We start by considering reasons for pro‐attitudes and emotions in the context of the buck‐passing account of value (Section 1). Subsequently, we address the distinction that philosophers have drawn with respect to reasons for other attitudes, such as beliefs and intentions (Section 2), as well as with respect to reasons for action (Section 3). We discuss the similarities and differences between the ways in which philosophers have drawn the RKR/WKR distinction in these areas and offer different interpretations of the idea of a general, uniform distinction. The major upshot is that there is at least one interesting way of substantiating a general RKR/WKR distinction with respect to a broad range of attitudes as well as actions. We argue that this has important implications for the proper scope of buck‐passing accounts and the status of the wrong kind of reasons problem (Section 4).
A philosopher's guide to the foundations of quantum field theory
Authors: Swanson Noel 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA major obstacle facing interpreters of quantum field theory (QFT) is a proliferation of different theoretical frameworks. This article surveys three of the main available options—Lagrangian, Wightman, and algebraic QFT—and examines how they are related. Although each framework emphasizes different aspects of QFT, leading to distinct strengths and weaknesses, there is less tension between them than commonly assumed. Given the limitations of our current knowledge and the need for creative new ideas, I urge philosophers to explore puzzles, tools, and techniques from all three approaches.
Linking public health nursing competencies and service‐learning in a global setting
Authors: Brown Cynthia L. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundNurse educators in baccalaureate programs are charged with addressing student competence in public health nursing practice. These educators are also responsible for creating nursing student opportunities for civic engagement and development of critical thinking skills. The IOM report (2010) on the Future of Nursing emphasizes the nurse educator’s role in promoting collaborative partnerships that incorporate interdisciplinary and intraprofessional efforts to promote health.AimThe purpose of this article is to describe an innovative approach to address public health nursing competencies and to improve the health and well‐being of indigenous populations in a global setting through promotion of collaboration and service‐ learning principles.MethodsAs part of a hybrid elective course, baccalaureate nursing students from various nursing tracks participated in a 2 week immersion experience in Belize that included preimmersion preparation. These students were to collaborate among themselves and with Belizean communities to address identified health knowledge deficits and health‐related needs for school‐aged children and adult populations.ResultsStudents successfully collaborated in order to meet health‐related needs and to engage in health promotion activities in the Toledo district of Belize. They also gained practice in developing public health nursing competencies for entry‐level nursing practice. Implementation of service‐learning principles provided students with opportunities for civic engagement and self‐reflection.DiscussionSome challenges existed from the students’, faculty, and global community’s perspectives. Lack of culturally appropriate and country specific health education materials was difficult for students and the community. Faculty encountered challenges in communicating and collaborating with the Belizean partners.ConclusionCommonalities exist between entry‐level public health nursing competencies and service‐learning principles. Using service‐learning principles in the development of public health experiences increases the likelihood of success in achieving these competencies. While students demonstrated intraprofessional collaboration in a global setting, these same collaborative opportunities can occur in local communities.
A new genus of Cryphonectriaceae isolated from Lagerstroemia speciosa in southern China
Authors: Chen S. F. , Liu Q. L. , Li G. Q. , Wingfield M. J. , Roux J. 
Published: May 2017

Numerous species in the Cryphonectriaceae have been recorded on the Myrtales and many of these are economically important pathogens of Eucalyptus. Some species have also recently been shown to be endophytes of native Myrtaceae and to have undergone host jumps to infect Eucalyptus species established as exotics in plantations. Recent surveys in the GuangDong and HaiNan Provinces of South China reveal the presence of a species of Cryphonectriaceae associated with cankers on trees of Lagerstroemia speciosa (Lythraceae, Myrtales). Fungal structures were observed on the surface of dead bark covering cankers and on branch stubs. Multigene phylogenetic analyses were conducted based on DNA sequence comparisons of the partial LSU gene, ITS region of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene and two regions of the β‐tubulin (BT) gene. The results revealed the presence of a previously undescribed genus and species in the Cryphonectriaceae. The fungus is described here as Chrysomorbus lagerstroemiae gen. et sp. nov. Inoculation tests showed that it is an aggressive pathogen on L. speciosa and that it can also infect Eucalyptus.
Predicting wading bird and aquatic faunal responses to ecosystem restoration scenarios
Authors: Beerens James M. , Trexler Joel C. , Catano Christopher P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn large‐scale conservation decisions, scenario planning identifies key uncertainties of ecosystem function linked to ecological drivers affected by management, incorporates ecological feedbacks, and scales up to answer questions robust to alternative futures. Wetland restoration planning requires an understanding of how proposed changes in surface hydrology, water storage, and landscape connectivity affect aquatic animal composition, productivity, and food‐web function. In the Florida Everglades, reintroduction of historical hydrologic patterns is expected to increase productivity of all trophic levels. Highly mobile indicator species such as wading birds integrate secondary productivity from aquatic prey (small fishes and crayfish) over the landscape. To evaluate how fish, crayfish, and wading birds may respond to alternative hydrologic restoration plans, we compared predicted small fish density, crayfish density and biomass, and wading bird occurrence for existing conditions to four restoration scenarios that varied water storage and removal of levees and canals (i.e. decompartmentalization). Densities of small fish and occurrence of wading birds are predicted to increase throughout most of the Everglades under all restoration options because of increased flows and connectivity. Full decompartmentalization goes furthest toward recreating hypothesized historical patterns of fish density by draining excess water ponded by levees and hydrating areas that are currently drier than in the past. In contrast, crayfish density declined and species composition shifted under all restoration options because of lengthened hydroperiods (i.e. time of inundation). Under full decompartmentalization, the distribution of increased prey available for wading birds shifted south, closer to historical locations of nesting activity in Everglades National Park.
Goodness-of-Fit Tests for High Dimensional Linear Models
Authors: Shah Rajen D. , Bühlmann Peter 
Published: May 2017

SummaryWe propose a framework for constructing goodness-of-fit tests in both low and high dimensional linear models. We advocate applying regression methods to the scaled residuals following either an ordinary least squares or lasso fit to the data, and using some proxy for prediction error as the final test statistic. We call this family residual prediction tests. We show that simulation can be used to obtain the critical values for such tests in the low dimensional setting and demonstrate using both theoretical results and extensive numerical studies that some form of the parametric bootstrap can do the same when the high dimensional linear model is under consideration. We show that residual prediction tests can be used to test for significance of groups or individual variables as special cases, and here they compare favourably with state of the art methods, but we also argue that they can be designed to test for as diverse model misspecifications as heteroscedasticity and non-linearity.
How Republicans Won on Voter Identification Laws: The Roles of Strategic Reasoning and Moral Conviction*
Authors: Conover Pamela Johnston , Miller Patrick R. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectivesAmerican political elites heatedly disagree over voter identification (ID) laws. Yet, the issue is not particularly polarizing at the mass level. Previous research mostly explores voter ID attitude correlates and how those policies shape turnout, but offers less insight into how average citizens understand the issue. We explore competing partisan frames on voter ID—voter fraud and voter suppression—that advance subtexts about partisan motivations and whom these laws benefit.MethodWe use an original nationally representative survey to examine how partisan motivated reasoning, strategic reasoning, and moral conviction influence voter ID frame perceptions and policy support among partisans.ResultsFor average partisans, strategic reasoning and moral conviction significantly influence frame perceptions and voter ID attitudes, though not always along predicted party lines. Motivated reasoning proves inconsequential.ConclusionsRepublicans have won the “framing war” over voter ID, largely neutralizing the Democratic voter suppression frame, even among average Democrats.
A new dynamic network flow algorithm using base state amendment model for emergency response
Authors: Jiang Jincheng , Wu Lixin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLarge‐scale earthquake disasters in recent years have caused huge damage to people's lives and property. Quick effective emergency response is the primary task post‐disaster. A dynamic network flow model can be used to obtain an effective emergency material rescue plan for the transportation network. Strong timeliness is a critical factor to emergency response. However, very few efficient algorithms were presented for most dynamic network flow problems. To solve this issue, this article introduces a novel low‐time‐complexity exact algorithm using the continuous‐time dynamic network flow (CTDNF) and the base state with amendment (BSA) model in the geographic information science field. Besides, this new CTDNF‐BSA algorithm is improved to solve more complex cases with dynamic capacity and transmit time in a dynamic transportation network. Both numerical and geographic experiments were conducted to assess the correctness, time and space performance of the presented CTDNF‐BSA algorithm. The experimental results demonstrated that the CTDNF‐BSA algorithm can attain the optimal solution with good computing time and space performance as compared with traditional algorithms. Geographic cases in dynamic situations for real emergency response illustrated that the CTDNF‐BSA algorithm can provide effective decision support for emergency material rescue planning in a dynamic transportation environment.
Experiences and expectations of return-to-work programs for nurses and midwives who have acquired a musculoskeletal disorder in the workplace: a qualitative systemic review protocol
Authors: Weckert Christine , Stern Cindy , Porritt Kylie 
Published: May 2017

Review question/objective:
The objective of this systematic review is to identify and synthesize the best available evidence on the experiences and expectations of being involved in a program that aims to return nurses and midwives, who have acquired a musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) in the workplace, to work.
The specific review questions are:What are the experiences and expectations of nurses and midwives involved in programs aimed to return them to work after acquiring an MSD in the workplace?What are the experiences and expectations of coordinators involved in programs aimed to return nurses and midwives, who have acquired an MSD in the workplace, to work?
Effectiveness of formal hand hygiene education and feedback on healthcare workers’ hand hygiene compliance and hospital-associated infections in adult intensive care units: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Akanji Joy , Walker Jean , Christian Robin 
Published: May 2017

Review question/objective:
The objective of this quantitative systematic review is to identify and synthesize evidence on the effectiveness of formal hand hygiene education with and without feedback on healthcare workers’ hand hygiene compliance and healthcare-associated infections in adult intensive care units.
Assessing Parent Perceptions of Physical Activity in Families of Toddlers With Neurodevelopmental Disorders: The Parent Perceptions of Physical Activity Scale (PPPAS)
Authors: Lakes Kimberley D. , Abdullah Maryam M. , Youssef Julie , Donnelly Joseph H. , Taylor-Lucas Candice , Goldberg Wendy A. , Cooper Dan , Radom-Aizik Shlomit 
Published: May 2017

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to examine a new tool (PPPAS = Parent Perceptions of Physical Activity Scale-Preschool) developed to study parental perceptions of physical activity (PA) among parents of toddler and preschool age children.Method:143 children (mean age 31.65 months; 75% male) and their parents were recruited from a neurodevelopmental clinic. Parents completed questionnaires, and both a psychologist and a physician evaluated the children. Eighty-three percent of the children received a diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder; 20% of the children had a BMI > 85th percentile. Analyses were conducted to evaluate the reliability, concurrent validity, discriminant validity, and predictive validity of PPPAS scores.Results:Results supported a two-factor structure: Perceptions of the Benefits of PA and the Barriers to PA. The internal consistency of scores was good for both PPPAS subscales, derived from the two factors. Parent perceptions of barriers to PA were significantly correlated with delays in overall adaptive functioning, daily living skills, socialization, and motor skills. When a child’s motor skills were delayed, parents were less likely to believe PA was beneficial and perceived more barriers to PA. Parent perceptions of barriers to PA predicted parent-reported weekly unstructured PA and ratings of how physically active their child was compared with other children.Conclusion:We present the PPPAS-Preschool for use in pediatric exercise research and discuss potential applications for the study of parent perceptions of PA in young children.
Muscular and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Homeschool versus Public School Children
Authors: Kabiri Laura S. , Mitchell Katy , Brewer Wayne , Ortiz Alexis 
Published: May 2017

Purpose:The growth and unregulated structure of homeschooling creates an unknown population in regard to muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness. The purpose of this research was to compare muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness between elementary school aged homeschool and public school children.Method:Homeschool children ages 8–11 years old (n = 75) completed the curl-up, 90° push-up, and Progressive Aerobic Capacity Endurance Run (PACER) portions of the FitnessGram to assess abdominal and upper body strength and endurance as well as cardiorespiratory fitness. Comparisons to public school children (n = 75) were made using t tests and chi-square tests.Results:Homeschool children showed significantly lower abdominal (t(148) = -11.441, p < .001; χ2 (1) = 35.503, p < .001) and upper body (t(148) = -3.610, p < .001; χ2 (1) = 4.881, p = .027) strength and endurance. There were no significant differences in cardiorespiratory fitness by total PACER laps (t(108) = 0.879, p = .381) or estimated VO2max (t(70) = 1.187, p = .239; χ2 (1) = 1.444, p = .486).Conclusion:Homeschool children showed significantly lower levels of both abdominal and upper body muscular fitness compared with their age and gender matched public school peers but no difference in cardiorespiratory fitness.
In Vitro
Resistance Selection in Shigella flexneri by Azithromycin, Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, and Moxifloxacin
Authors: Allen George P. , Harris Kayla A. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Shigella flexneri
continues to be a major cause of diarrhea-associated illness, and increasing resistance to first-line antimicrobials complicates the treatment of infections caused by this pathogen. We investigated the pharmacodynamics of current antimicrobial treatments for shigellosis to determine the likelihood of resistance promotion with continued global antimicrobial use. The mutant prevention concentration (MPC) and mutant selection window (MSW) were determined for azithromycin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin against a wild-type strain of
S. flexneri
(ATCC 12022) and an isogenic
gyrA
mutant (m-12022). Time-kill assays were performed to determine antimicrobial killing. Concentrations of approved doses of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin are predicted to surpass the MPC for a majority of the dosage interval against ATCC 12022. However, against m-12022, concentrations of all fluoroquinolones are predicted to fall below the MPC and remain in the MSW for a majority of the dosage interval. Concentrations of ceftriaxone fall within the MSW for the majority of the dosage interval for both strains. All agents other than azithromycin displayed bactericidal activity in time-kill assays. Results of pharmacodynamic analyses suggest that all tested fluoroquinolones would achieve a favorable area under the concentration-time curve (AUC)/MPC ratio for ATCC 12022 and would restrict selective enrichment of mutants but that mutant selection in m-12022 would be likely if ciprofloxacin were used. Based on pharmacodynamic analyses, azithromycin and ceftriaxone are predicted to promote mutant selection in both strains. Confirmation of these findings and examination of novel treatment regimens using
in vivo
studies are warranted.
Influence of Experimental Cryptococcal Meningitis in Wistar Rats on Voriconazole Brain Penetration Assessed by Microdialysis
Authors: Alves Izabel Almeida , Staudt Keli Jaqueline , Silva Carolina de Miranda , Lock Graziela de Araujo , Dalla Costa Teresa , de Araujo Bibiana Verlindo 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

To make advances in the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis, it is crucial to know a given drug's free fraction that reaches the biophase. In the present study, we applied microdialysis (μD) as a tool to determine the free levels reached by voriconazole (VRC) in the brains of healthy and
Cryptococcus neoformans
-infected rats. The infection was induced by the intravenous (i.v.) administration of 1 × 10
5
CFU of yeast. The dose administered was 5 mg/kg (of body weight) of VRC, given i.v. Plasma and microdialysate samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and LC-UV methods. The free brain/free plasma ratio (
f
T) and population pharmacokinetic (popPK) analyses were performed to evaluate the impact of infection on PK parameters of the drug. The brain penetration ratio showed an increase on brain exposure in infected animals (
f
T
healthy
= 0.85 versus
f
T
infected
= 1.86). The structural PK model with two compartments and Michaelis-Menten (MM) elimination describes the VRC concentration-time profile in plasma and tissue simultaneously. The covariate infection was included in volume of distribution in the peripheral compartment in healthy animals (
V
2
) and maximum rate of metabolism (

V
M

). The levels reached in infected tissues were higher than the values described for MIC of VRC for
Cryptococccus neoformans
(0.03 to 0.5 μg ml
−1
), indicating its great potential to treat meningitis associated with
C. neoformans
.