bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RAZVOJ BANJSKO REKREATIVNO ZDRAVSTVENOG TURIZMA U REPUBLICI SRPSKOJ KAO MOGUĆNOST ZA STRANE ULAGAČE
Authors: Segić Slavko 
Published: November 2017

Banjsko rekreativni zdravstveni turizam je bio i ostao kao fenomen potreba ljudi, ali još nedovoljno obrađen u stručnoj literaturi zbog mnogih sukoba važnost pojedinih funkcija uopšte u turizmu. Članak pokušava ovu prazninu djelimično rasvjetliti jasnijim definisanjem banjsko rekreativno zdravstvenog turizma na naučnoj i stručnoj osnovi, sa svojim specifičnostima u rehabilitaciji, profilaksi i medicinsko programiranim aktivnim odmorom. Uvažavane su i sve funkcije turizma, a posebno je apostrofirana zdravstvena, jer je ona osnovni pokretač turista. Nastojanja su da se okruženju i Evropskoj uniji ponudi dvanaest raspoloživih termalno mineralnih resursa sa postojećom infra strukturom kao osnovu za investiciona ulaganja uz mogućnost brzog povratka uloženih sredstava i stvaranje mogućnosti intezivnog zapošljavanja domicilnog stanovništva.Takođe, pokušava se dokazati da ulaganja i razvoj banjsko rekreativno zdravstvenih centara, u našim ekonomskim uslovima, mogu znatno pospješiti i ubrzati razvoj privrede Republike Srpskse sa stanovišta izvoza usluga. Vjerovatnoća je tada velika da će turizam imati niži kapitalni koeficijent u ovome procesu od ukupne privrede i treba da postane snažna propulzivna djelatnost u odnosu prema cjelokupnoj ekonomiji Republike.
Lowland extirpation of anuran populations on a tropical mountain
Authors: Campos-Cerqueira Marconi , Aide T. Mitchell 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundClimate change and infectious diseases threaten animal and plant species, even in natural and protected areas. To cope with these changes, species may acclimate, adapt, move or decline. Here, we test for shifts in anuran distributions in the Luquillo Mountains (LM), a tropical montane forest in Puerto Rico by comparing species distributions from historical (1931–1989)and current data (2015/2016).MethodsHistorical data, which included different methodologies, were gathered through the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and published literature, and the current data were collected using acoustic recorders along three elevational transects.ResultsIn the recordings, we detected the 12 native frog species known to occur in LM. Over a span of ∼25 years, two species have become extinct and four species suffered extirpation in lowland areas. As a consequence, low elevation areas in the LM (<300 m) have lost at least six anuran species.DiscussionWe hypothesize that these extirpations are due to the effects of climate change and infectious diseases, which are restricting many species to higher elevations and a much smaller area. Land use change is not responsible for these changes because LM has been a protected reserve for the past 80 years. However, previous studies indicate that (1) climate change has increased temperatures in Puerto Rico, and (2)Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd)was found in 10 native species and early detection of Bd coincides with anurans declines in the LM. Our study confirms the general impressions of amphibian population extirpations at low elevations, and corroborates the levels of threat assigned by IUCN.
On a parthenogenetic population of Artemia (Crustacea, Branchiopoda) from Algeria (El-Bahira, Sétif)
Authors: Amarouayache Mounia , Belakri Naim 
Published: November 2017

The brine shrimp Artemia is a small crustacean of hypersaline lakes which is commonely used in larviculture. There are parthenogenetic forms and bisexual species. The formers are from the Old World, and are the most widespread. They are known to prefer high temperatures and relatively stable environments, they are more fertile than sexual species and usually reproduce by ovoviviparity. The parthenogenetic population of Artemia from El-Bahira Lake (10 ha area), situated in the High Plateaus of Northeastern Algeria (1034 m alt), has been characterized and surveyed during two hydroperiods of 2009 and 2013. It has been found to develop only in cold seasons (winter and spring), even if the lake doesn’t dry in summer, and salinities between 46 and 127 ppt. It reproduces by oviparity and produces few cysts (5.69 ± 3.6 and 98.00 ± 28.32 offsprings/brood). Indeed, it behaves more like bisexual Mediterranean populations of A. salina than other parthenogenetic populations. Individual density was much lower during the hydroperiod of 2013, whereas fecundity was higher than in the previous hydroperiod (2009). Cyst reserve was estimated at 133.13 kg of dry weight which corresponds to a rate of 13.31 kg.ha-1
Nitrogen‐Related Constraints of Carbon Uptake by Large‐Scale Forest Expansion: Simulation Study for Climate Change and Management Scenarios
Authors: Kracher Daniela 
Published: November 2017

Increase of forest areas has the potential to increase the terrestrial carbon (C) sink. However, the efficiency for C sequestration depends on the availability of nutrients such as nitrogen (N), which is affected by climatic conditions and management practices.In this study, I analyze how N limitation affects C sequestration of afforestation and how it is influenced by individual climate variables, increased harvest, and fertilizer application. To this end, JSBACH, the land component of the Earth system model of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology is applied in idealized simulation experiments. In those simulations, large‐scale afforestation increases the terrestrial C sink in the 21st century by around 100 Pg C compared to a business as usual land‐use scenario. N limitation reduces C sequestration roughly by the same amount. The relevance of compensating effects of uptake and release of carbon dioxide by plant productivity and soil decomposition, respectively, gets obvious from the simulations. N limitation of both fluxes compensates particularly in the tropics. Increased mineralization under global warming triggers forest expansion, which otherwise is restricted by N availability. Due to compensating higher plant productivity and soil respiration, the global net effect of warming for C sequestration is however rather small. Fertilizer application and increased harvest enhance C sequestration as well as boreal expansion. The additional C sequestration achieved by fertilizer application is offset to a large part by additional emissions of nitrous oxide.
Modeling the Proton Radiation Belt With Van Allen Probes Relativistic Electron‐Proton Telescope Data
Authors: Selesnick R. S. , Baker D. N. , Kanekal S. G. , Hoxie V. C. , Li X. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAn empirical model of the proton radiation belt is constructed from data taken during 2013–2017 by the Relativistic Electron‐Proton Telescopes on the Van Allen Probes satellites. The model intensity is a function of time, kinetic energy in the range 18–600 MeV, equatorial pitch angle, and L shell of proton guiding centers. Data are selected, on the basis of energy deposits in each of the nine silicon detectors, to reduce background caused by hard proton energy spectra at low L. Instrument response functions are computed by Monte Carlo integration, using simulated proton paths through a simplified structural model, to account for energy loss in shielding material for protons outside the nominal field of view. Overlap of energy channels, their wide angular response, and changing satellite orientation require the model dependencies on all three independent variables be determined simultaneously. This is done by least squares minimization with a customized steepest descent algorithm. Model uncertainty accounts for statistical data error and systematic error in the simulated instrument response. A proton energy spectrum is also computed from data taken during the 8 January 2014 solar event, to illustrate methods for the simpler case of an isotropic and homogeneous model distribution. Radiation belt and solar proton results are compared to intensities computed with a simplified, on‐axis response that can provide a good approximation under limited circumstances.
Synoptic Conditions and Moisture Sources Actuating Extreme Precipitation in Nepal
Authors: Bohlinger Patrik , Sorteberg Asgeir , Sodemann Harald 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDespite the vast literature on heavy‐precipitation events in South Asia, synoptic conditions and moisture sources related to extreme precipitation in Nepal have not been addressed systematically. We investigate two types of synoptic conditions—low‐pressure systems and midlevel troughs—and moisture sources related to extreme precipitation events. To account for the high spatial variability in rainfall, we cluster station‐based daily precipitation measurements resulting in three well‐separated geographic regions: west, central, and east Nepal. For each region, composite analysis of extreme events shows that atmospheric circulation is directed against the Himalayas during an extreme event. The direction of the flow is regulated by midtropospheric troughs and low‐pressure systems traveling toward the respective region. Extreme precipitation events feature anomalous high abundance of total column moisture. Quantitative Lagrangian moisture source diagnostic reveals that the largest direct contribution stems from land (approximately 75%), where, in particular, over the Indo‐Gangetic Plain moisture uptake was increased. Precipitation events occurring in this region before the extreme event likely provided additional moisture.
Pedotransfer Functions in Earth System Science: Challenges and Perspectives
Authors: Van Looy Kris , Bouma Johan , Herbst Michael , Koestel John , Minasny Budiman , Mishra Umakant , Montzka Carsten , Nemes Attila , Pachepsky Yakov A. , Padarian José , Schaap Marcel G. , Tóth Brigitta , Verhoef Anne , Vanderborght Jan , van der Ploeg Martine J. , Weihermüller Lutz , Zacharias Steffen , Zhang Yonggen , Vereecken Harry 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSoil, through its various functions, plays a vital role in the Earth's ecosystems and provides multiple ecosystem services to humanity. Pedotransfer functions (PTFs) are simple to complex knowledge rules that relate available soil information to soil properties and variables that are needed to parameterize soil processes. In this paper, we review the existing PTFs and document the new generation of PTFs developed in the different disciplines of Earth system science. To meet the methodological challenges for a successful application in Earth system modeling, we emphasize that PTF development has to go hand in hand with suitable extrapolation and upscaling techniques such that the PTFs correctly represent the spatial heterogeneity of soils. PTFs should encompass the variability of the estimated soil property or process, in such a way that the estimation of parameters allows for validation and can also confidently provide for extrapolation and upscaling purposes capturing the spatial variation in soils. Most actively pursued recent developments are related to parameterizations of solute transport, heat exchange, soil respiration, and organic carbon content, root density, and vegetation water uptake. Further challenges are to be addressed in parameterization of soil erosivity and land use change impacts at multiple scales. We argue that a comprehensive set of PTFs can be applied throughout a wide range of disciplines of Earth system science, with emphasis on land surface models. Novel sensing techniques provide a true breakthrough for this, yet further improvements are necessary for methods to deal with uncertainty and to validate applications at global scale.
Middle to Late Miocene Contractional Deformation in Costa Rica Triggered by Plate Geodynamics
Authors: Mescua José Francisco , Porras Hernán , Durán Patrick , Giambiagi Laura , de Moor Maarten , Cascante Monserrat , Salazar Esteban , Protti Marino , Poblete Fernando 
Published: November 2017

AbstractContractional deformation in Costa Rica is usually attributed to the subduction of the aseismic Cocos Ridge. In this work, we review the evidences for contraction in the middle to late Miocene, prior to the arrival of the Cocos Ridge at the Middle America Trench. We find that the Miocene phase of contractional deformation is found in all of Costa Rica, probably extending to Nicaragua as well. The widespread distribution of this event requires a regional or plate geodynamic trigger. We analyze the possible mechanisms that could produce the onset of contractional deformation, using the better known case of subduction orogeny, the Andes, as an analog. We propose that a change in the direction of the Cocos plate since ∼19 Ma led to a change from oblique to orthogonal convergence, producing contractional deformation of the upper plate.
Perspectives of Medical Specialists From Different Disciplines on the Management of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: An Interview Study
Authors: Tunnicliffe David J. , Singh‐Grewal Davinder , Craig Jonathan C. , Jesudason Shilpanjali , Tugwell Peter , Lin Ming‐Wei , O'Neill Sean G. , Sumpton Daniel , Tong Allison 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease that can affect multiple organ systems, with specialists from many disciplines often involved, which may lead to inconsistent care. We aimed to describe the attitudes and perspectives of specialists from different medical disciplines on the management of people with SLE.MethodsFace‐to‐face semistructured interviews were conducted with rheumatologists (n = 16), nephrologists (n = 16), and immunologists (n = 11) providing care to adults with SLE from 19 centers across Australia in 2015. All interviews were transcribed and analyzed thematically.ResultsFive themes were identified: uncertainties in judgments (hampered by unknown and unclear etiology, inapplicable evidence, comprehending information dispersion), reflexive responses (anchoring to specialty training, anticipating outcomes, avoiding disaster, empathy for the vulnerable), overarching duty to patients (achieving patient priorities, maximizing adherence, controlling the disease, providing legitimate information, having adequate and relevant expertise), safeguarding professional opportunities (diversifying clinical skills, protecting colleagues’ interests), and optimizing access to treatment (capitalizing on multidisciplinary care, acquiring breakthrough therapies).ConclusionSpecialists strive to deliver evidence‐informed patient‐centered care, but recognize that they are anchored by their training. To overcome uncertainties in clinical management due to lack of high‐quality evidence and specialty silo structures, specialists translated evidence from other disease settings and collaborated with other specialists in routine care. Developing robust evidence, tools to support evidence‐informed decisions, and multidisciplinary shared‐care pathways may improve the management of people with this complex disease.
Self‐Established Rapid Magnesiation/De‐Magnesiation Pathways in Binary Selenium–Copper Mixtures with Significantly Enhanced Mg‐Ion Storage Reversibility
Authors: Zhang Zhonghua , Chen Bingbing , Xu Huimin , Cui Zili , Dong Shanmu , Du Aobing , Ma Jun , Wang Qingfu , Zhou Xinhong , Cui Guanglei 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRechargeable magnesium/sulfur (Mg/S) and magnesium/selenium (Mg/Se) batteries are characterized by high energy density, inherent safety, and economical effectiveness, and therefore, are of great scientific and technological interest. However, elusive challenges, including the limited charge storage capacity, low Coulombic efficiency, and short cycle life, have been encountered due to the sluggish electrochemical kinetics and severe shuttles of ploysulfides (polyselenide). Taking selenium as model paradigm, a new and reliable Mg‐Se chemistry is proposed through designing binary selenium‐copper (Se‐Cu) cathodes. An intriguing effect of Cu powders on the electrochemical reaction pathways of the active Se microparticles is revealed in a way of forming Cu3Se2 intermediates, which induces an unconventional yet reversible two‐stage magnesiation mechanism: Mg‐ions first insert into Cu3Se2 phases; in a second step Cu‐ions in the Mg2xCu3Se2 lattice exchange with Mg‐ions. As expected, binary Se‐Cu electrodes show significantly improved reversibility and elongated cycle life. More bracingly, Se/C nanostructures fabricated by facile blade coating Se nanorodes onto copper foils exhibit high output power and capacity (696.0 mAh g−1 at 67.9 mA g−1), which outperforms all previously reported Mg/Se batteries. This work envisions a facile and reliable strategy to achieve better reversibility and long‐term durability of selenium (sulfur) electrodes.
High‐Performance Triboelectric Nanogenerators Based on Electrospun Polyvinylidene Fluoride–Silver Nanowire Composite Nanofibers
Authors: Cheon Siuk , Kang Hyungseok , Kim Han , Son Youngin , Lee Jun Young , Shin Hyeon‐Jin , Kim Sang‐Woo , Cho Jeong Ho 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe preparation of ferroelectric polymer–metallic nanowire composite nanofiber triboelectric layers is described for use in high‐performance triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). The electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)–silver nanowire (AgNW) composite and nylon nanofibers are utilized in the TENGs as the top and bottom triboelectric layers, respectively. The electrospinning process facilitates uniaxial stretching of the polymer chains, which enhances the formation of the highly oriented crystalline β‐phase that forms the most polar crystalline phase of PVDF. The addition of AgNWs further promotes the β‐phase crystal formation by introducing electrostatic interactions between the surface charges of the nanowires and the dipoles of the PVDF chains. The extent of β‐phase formation and the resulting variations in the surface charge potential upon the addition of nanowires are systematically analyzed using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Kelvin probe force microscopy techniques. The ability of trapping the induced tribocharges increases upon the addition of nanowires to the PVDF matrix. The enhanced surface charge potential and the charge trapping capabilities of the PVDF–AgNW composite nanofibers significantly enhance the TENG output performances. Finally, the mechanical stability of the electrospun nanofibers is dramatically enhanced while maintaining the TENG performances by applying thermal welding near the melting temperature of PVDF.
Wearable, Healable, and Adhesive Epidermal Sensors Assembled from Mussel‐Inspired Conductive Hybrid Hydrogel Framework
Authors: Liao Meihong , Wan Pengbo , Wen Jiangru , Gong Min , Wu Xiaoxuan , Wang Yonggang , Shi Rui , Zhang Liqun 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHealable, adhesive, wearable, and soft human‐motion sensors for ultrasensitive human–machine interaction and healthcare monitoring are successfully assembled from conductive and human‐friendly hybrid hydrogels with reliable self‐healing capability and robust self‐adhesiveness. The conductive, healable, and self‐adhesive hybrid network hydrogels are prepared from the delicate conformal coating of conductive functionalized single‐wall carbon nanotube (FSWCNT) networks by dynamic supramolecular cross‐linking among FSWCNT, biocompatible polyvinyl alcohol, and polydopamine. They exhibit fast self‐healing ability (within 2 s), high self‐healing efficiency (99%), and robust adhesiveness, and can be assembled as healable, adhesive, and soft human‐motion sensors with tunable conducting channels of pores for ions and framework for electrons for real time and accurate detection of both large‐scale and tiny human activities (including bending and relaxing of fingers, walking, chewing, and pulse). Furthermore, the soft human‐motion sensors can be enabled to wirelessly monitor the human activities by coupling to a wireless transmitter. Additionally, the in vitro cytotoxicity results suggest that the hydrogels show no cytotoxicity and can facilitate cell attachment and proliferation. Thus, the healable, adhesive, wearable, and soft human‐motion sensors have promising potential in various wearable, wireless, and soft electronics for human–machine interfaces, human activity monitoring, personal healthcare diagnosis, and therapy.
Ideal Bandgap Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yang Zhibin , Rajagopal Adharsh , Jen Alex K.‐Y. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractExtremely high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of ≈20–22% are realized through intensive research and development of 1.5–1.6 eV bandgap perovskite absorbers. However, development of ideal bandgap (1.3–1.4 eV) absorbers is pivotal to further improve PCE of single junction perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) because of a better balance between absorption loss of sub‐bandgap photons and thermalization loss of above‐bandgap photons as demonstrated by the Shockley–Queisser detailed balanced calculation. Ideal bandgap PVSCs are currently hindered by the poor optoelectronic quality of perovskite absorbers and their PCEs have stagnated at <15%. In this work, through systematic photoluminescence and photovoltaic analysis, a new ideal bandgap (1.35 eV) absorber composition (MAPb0.5Sn0.5(I0.8Br0.2)3) is rationally designed and developed, which possesses lower nonradiative recombination states, band edge disorder, and Urbach energy coupled with a higher absorption coefficient, which yields a reduced Voc,loss (0.45 V) and improved PCE (as high as 17.63%) for the derived PVSCs. This work provides a promising platform for unleashing the complete potential of ideal bandgap PVSCs and prospects for further improvement.
Editable Supercapacitors with Customizable Stretchability Based on Mechanically Strengthened Ultralong MnO2 Nanowire Composite
Authors: Lv Zhisheng , Luo Yifei , Tang Yuxin , Wei Jiaqi , Zhu Zhiqiang , Zhou Xinran , Li Wenlong , Zeng Yi , Zhang Wei , Zhang Yanyan , Qi Dianpeng , Pan Shaowu , Loh Xian Jun , Chen Xiaodong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAlthough some progress has been made on stretchable supercapacitors, traditional stretchable supercapacitors fabricated by predesigning structured electrodes for device assembling still lack the device‐level editability and programmability. To adapt to wearable electronics with arbitrary configurations, it is highly desirable to develop editable supercapacitors that can be directly transferred into desirable shapes and stretchability. In this work, editable supercapacitors for customizable shapes and stretchability using electrodes based on mechanically strengthened ultralong MnO2 nanowire composites are developed. A supercapacitor edited with honeycomb‐like structure shows a specific capacitance of 227.2 mF cm−2 and can be stretched up to 500% without degradation of electrochemical performance, which is superior to most of the state‐of‐the‐art stretchable supercapacitors. In addition, it maintains nearly 98% of the initial capacitance after 10 000 stretch‐and‐release cycles under 400% tensile strain. As a representative of concept for system integration, the editable supercapacitors are integrated with a strain sensor, and the system exhibits a stable sensing performance even under arm swing. Being highly stretchable, easily programmable, as well as connectable in series and parallel, an editable supercapacitor with customizable stretchability is promising to produce stylish energy storage devices to power various portable, stretchable, and wearable devices.