bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sox10 and DOG1 Expression in Primary Adnexal Tumors of the Skin
Authors: Lezcano Cecilia , Ho Jonhan , Seethala Raja R. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract:
Primary skin adnexal tumors can be challenging to classify and must be discerned from cutaneous adenocarcinoma metastases from various sites. We evaluated expression of Sox10 and DOG1 in normal cutaneous adnexa and in 194 primary skin adnexal tumors, and compared their performance in discriminating primary skin adnexal tumors from cutaneous metastatic adenocarcinomas with that of p40 and p63. In normal skin adnexa, we noted Sox10 expression in both the secretory and myoepithelial cells in eccrine glands, but only in myoepithelial cells in apocrine glands. DOG1 demonstrated canalicular expression in eccrine glands, and weak expression in myoepithelial cells of apocrine glands, germinative cells of sebaceous glands, and outer root sheath of follicular infundibulum. Sox10 was expressed in 100% of cylindromas and spiradenomas, and in variable frequency in other benign and malignant tumors of sweat glands. DOG1 was positive in most cylindromas (87.5%), in only 10.5% of spiradenomas, and was variably expressed in other benign and malignant tumors of sweat glands. All syringomas (n = 20) were negative for Sox10 and DOG1. One out of the 33 follicular neoplasms was positive for Sox10 and DOG1 (3%). All sebaceous neoplasms were negative for Sox10, and 28.1% of them were positive for DOG1. Sox10 was specific (91.9%) but not sensitive (28.4%) for primary skin origin, and was far less accurate (38.5%) than p63 or p40 (95.5% accuracy). Combining Sox10 with p63 or p40 showed only very minimal gain in accuracy (96%). DOG1 expression in tumors showed low sensitivity and specificity for skin adnexal origin.
Creation and Validation of a Photonumeric Scale to Assess Volume Deficiency in the Infraorbital Region
Authors: Niforos François , Liew Steven , Acquilla Raj , Ogilvie Patricia , Safa Marva , Signorini Massimo , Jones Derek , Hawthorn Jan , Collins Caroline , Kerson Graeme , Sithamparanathan Myooran ,   The AIRS Study Group
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUND
The eyes are particularly important aesthetic features of the face and revitalization of the infraorbital region has become a focus of aesthetic treatments. Published infraorbital scales to date have limitations in that they have been descriptive, subjective, or have used computer-generated images. Thus, there is an unmet need for a validated scale based on actual images.

OBJECTIVE
To develop a practical photonumeric scale that respects the complex anatomy and age-related changes occurring in the orbital area.

METHODS AND MATERIALS
The Allergan Infra-oRbital Scale (AIRS) was developed through a multistep process in collaboration with 16 physicians (plastic surgeons, dermatologists, and aesthetic physicians). Scale development involved both online photographs and live assessments of subjects. Interrater and intrarater reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).

RESULTS
The final AIRS showed intrarater and interrater ICCs of 0.78 to 0.86 and 0.91 to 0.98 for live validation and 0.76 to 0.82 and 0.86 to 0.91 for online validation, respectively, demonstrating robust validity.

CONCLUSION
The AIRS can be considered a photonumeric scale that accurately describes volume loss in the infraorbital region. It has been validated and is appropriate for use in research or for everyday clinical use for both live and photographic assessment.
Structure-Function Relationship Between the Bruch Membrane Opening-based Minimum Rim Width and Visual Field Defects in Advanced Glaucoma
Authors: Imamoglu Serhat , Celik Nimet Burcu , Sevim Mehmet S. , Pekel Gokhan , Ercalik Nimet Yesim , Turkseven Kumral Esra , Bardak Handan 
Published: April 2017

Purpose:
To investigate the relationship between the Bruch membrane opening-minimum rim width (BMO-MRW) (global and temporal) parameters with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and visual field (VF) sensitivity on the 10-2 test in patients with advanced glaucoma.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional, observational study included a total of 33 eyes of 29 patients. To evaluate VF sensitivity, automated white-on-white perimetry was performed using a Humphrey field analyzer. The mean deviation (MD) and pattern SD values were used to characterize the degree of functional damage. BMO-MRW and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness were obtained with SD-OCT. According to the Garway-Heath map and fovea and BMO axis, the 90 degrees temporal sector of the optic disc corresponding to the central VF was divided into upper and lower parts.

Results:
The upper and lower temporal BMO-MRW parameters showed stronger correlations with the MD parameters of their corresponding VFs when compared with both global and temporal MRW parameters. Global and temporal retinal nerve fiber layer thickness parameters were also correlated with global MD parameters.

Conclusions:
BMO-MRW measurements in the upper and lower parts of the 90 degrees temporal sector of the optic nerve head by SD-OCT and their corresponding VF sensitivity on the 10-2 test were found highly correlated. These BMO-MRW measurements could offer a means of predicting the status of visual hemifields in patients who are unable to undergo VF testing. Further longitudinal studies with larger series evaluating BMO-MRW parameters with SD-OCT are also needed to monitor progression in advanced glaucoma.
Use of the Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients in Determining Acute Care Discharge Recommendations
Authors: Lesser Melissa , Borst Joseph , Dekerlegand Jennifer 
Published: April 2017

Purpose/Hypothesis:
Acute care therapists face many barriers that limit the use of screening tools including time constraints and lack of measures appropriate for use in this setting. The Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke patients (PASS) was developed to assess sitting, lying, and standing balance in persons who experienced a stroke. The StrokEDGE taskforce highly recommends the PASS for acute care, as it has excellent psychometric properties and clinical utility. This project used the PASS and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) to assess mobility in persons with an acute stroke. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to assess the feasibility of physical therapists' use of the PASS as a screening tool to assist with discharge recommendations.

Description:
Data were collected during a 6-month period from the neurology floor of a 782-bed acute care hospital. Persons admitted with an acute stroke and had received a therapy evaluation were included in the cohort. The goal was to assess the PASS during the initial evaluation within 48 hours of hospital admission. Concurrent data collected during this time included mRS scores, Functional Independence Measure (FIM) transfer and ambulation scores, and therapist discharge recommendations.

Results/Conclusions:
One hundred fifty-three subjects, with a mean age of 64.5 ± 15.5 years, were included in this cohort. The mean PASS score was 19.7 ± 11.1, the mean mRS score was 3.7 ± 2.2, and the mean FIM scores was 2.7 ± 2.4 for transfers and 3.7 ± 1.6 for ambulation. Of the persons discharged home (N = 40), mean PASS scores were 31.8 for those recommended for home physical therapy (N = 14), 32.6 for an outpatient therapy recommendation (N = 12), and 34.9 for those requiring no therapy at discharge (N = 14). The mean PASS scores for persons with an acute rehabilitation recommendation (N = 100) was higher than those recommended for a skilled nursing facility/subacute rehabilitation (N = 13), 15.7 as compared with 9.5, respectively. Using the Pearson correlation coefficient, the PASS had a strong correlation with the FIM transfers at r = 0.90 and ambulation at r = 0.86, with a strong negative correlation to the mRS at r =−0.77 (P < .001).

Clinical Relevance:
Acute care therapists should consider using the PASS to help guide clinical decision making and discharge recommendations for persons hospitalized with a stroke.
Achieving a Culture of Mobility: Implementation of a Mobility Aide Program to Increase Patient Mobilizations in an Acute Care Hospital
Authors: Coughenour E. T. , Salmans K. J. , Skoch A. D. , Starks L. L. , Sabus C. 
Published: April 2017

Background and Purpose:
Mobilization of patients during inpatient hospitalization has been shown to be an important aspect of quality care that reduces risk for a number of complications. It is impractical and cost prohibitive for physical therapists (PTs) alone to provide all mobilization activities to hospitalized patients. Patient mobilization requires an interprofessional approach with all staff prioritizing patient activity. This descriptive research captures the productivity and patient effect of a patient mobilization program within an inpatient unit: Does the implementation of a mobility aide (MA) in an acute care hospital increase overall patient mobilizations? Does the use of an MA alleviate the workload of a PT to allow focus on skilled intervention and decreased frequency of visits?

Methods:
The MA's primary responsibility was to provide mobility interventions for patients under the direction of the PT in collaboration with nursing staff to improve frequency of mobilization and allow PTs to concentrate on skilled interventions. The PT and MA educated registered nurses and family members on mobility techniques for specific situations and promoted patient mobilization by nursing staff. The MA workload log, physical therapy orders, treatment frequency, and category of professional/caretaker who provided the intervention were recorded for 519 patients after the MA program implementation. This was compared to nursing unit-level, baseline mobilization metrics 1 week prior to MA program implementation. Physical therapist use measured as frequency of visits in the plan of care was compared to an equivalent time period prior to program implementation.

Results:
Since implementation of the MA program in this acute care hospital, there has been an observed 36% increase in patients walking on the unit as well as a 48% decrease in patients with no mobilizations. Trends in PT encounter frequency and increased PT referrals suggest that the PTs are able to focus on skilled intervention rather than general mobilization. The cost of implementing the MA program has been determined to be offset by a 10% increase in new PT referrals. While daily and twice a day visits by the PT decreased, the frequency of 1 to 3 visits per week increased suggesting increased breadth of PT services.

Conclusion:
Adding an MA to patients' plan of care may be a cost-effective method to optimize patient mobility in the acute care hospital setting. The addition of an MA to a medical/surgical unit produced positive outcomes in number of patient mobilizations and allowed improved use of the PT.
Evaluation of Cochlear Duct Length Computations Using Synchrotron Radiation Phase-Contrast Imaging
Authors: Koch Robert W. , Elfarnawany Mai , Zhu Ning , Ladak Hanif M. , Agrawal Sumit K. 
Published: April 2017

Hypothesis:
Evaluation of cochlear duct length (CDL) using novel imaging techniques will help improve the accuracy of existing CDL equations.

Background:
Various relationships relating A value measured from a patient's computed tomography scan and CDL have been proposed to aid in preoperative electrode selection and frequency mapping.

Methods:
Ten cadaveric temporal bones were scanned using synchrotron radiation phase-contrast imaging. Reference CDL values were calculated by placing points representing the organ of Corti (OC), lateral wall (LW), and electrode location (I) on the synchrotron radiation phase-contrast imaging slices along the length of the cochlea. The CDL estimates from the existing three equations (OC, LW, I) in addition to two newly proposed equations (OC and LW) were compared with reference CDL values at each respective location.

Results:
When compared with reference CDL values, the new OC equation improved the CDL estimates from a 6.2% error to a 5.1% error while the new LW equation improved the CDL estimate error from 3.9 to 3.6%. Bland–Altman plots revealed both new equations increased similarity to reference values and brought more samples to within clinically significant ranges. Validation of the original electrode location equation to the reference values showed a 4.6% difference.

Conclusion:
The newly proposed equations for LW and OC provided an improvement over past equations for determining CDL from the A value by showing improved agreement with reference values. Therefore, these equations can provide quick and accurate preoperative estimates of CDL for improving customized frequency mapping.
The North Carolina HIV Bridge Counselor Program: Outcomes From a Statewide Level Intervention to Link and Reengage HIV-Infected Persons in Care in the South
Authors: Seña Arlene C. , Donovan Jenna , Swygard Heidi , Clymore Jacquelyn , Mobley Victoria , Sullivan Kristen , LeViere Anna , Heine Amy , Quinlivan Evelyn B. 
Published: April 2017

Background:
To improve the HIV continuum of care, a team of field service interventionists (State Bridge Counselors, SBC) was developed through a state public health system and provided brief (1–2) contacts for linkage of newly diagnosed persons with HIV and reengagement of persons living with HIV (PLWH) who were not in care.

Setting:
North Carolina, United States.

Methods:
Service data from January 2013 to June 2015 were analyzed to determine characteristics of clients referred to SBCs, proportions linked or reengaged in care, and/or achieved viral load suppression (VLs). We evaluated associations between client characteristics and outcomes using multivariable analyses and estimated odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results:
SBCs provided linkage services to 299 newly diagnosed individuals and reengagement services to 606 PLWH throughout North Carolina. Among persons who received linkage services, 189 (63%) had evidence of care within 90 days of referral and 205 (69%) had VLs within a year. Among PLWH who received reengagement services, 278 (46%) had care within 90 days and 308 (51%) had VLs within a year. Persons aged 30–39 years (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1 to 3.9) and 40–49 years had an increased likelihood (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.1 to 5.2) of linkage within 90 days compared with persons aged 18–29 years. Non-white PLWH had an increased OR of 1.7; (95% CI, 1.2 to 2.5) of reengagement compared with whites.

Conclusions:
Our SBC program successfully implemented a “low-touch” approach to provision of linkage and reengagement services, demonstrating that public health resources can be used to address the HIV care continuum on a statewide level.
Beyond Fidelity
Authors: Schoenherr Jordan Richard , Hamstra Stanley J. 
Published: April 2017

Summary Statement
Fidelity has become a ubiquitous feature of discourse in simulation studies. Recent studies have highlighted the often ambiguous and contradictory manner in which fidelity has been defined, with each definition emphasizing different physical and functional features of simulation. We suggest that regarding fidelity as an objective property of a simulation obscures the interactive nature of the educator-learner relationship and should be abandoned. Rather than conceiving training as tasks performed by an individual in isolation, we suggest that it is more accurately understood as the social learning of affordances. Affordances represent the functional features of a simulator, which are taken as relevant in a specific learning context by means of analogy. Training is successful to the extent that educators and learners share an understanding of those affordances. Even when explicitly formulated, the concept of fidelity has greater difficulty accounting for the complex, interactional features of the training situation in comparison with accounts based on social learning. We conclude that continued attempts to redefine and use fidelity in the context of training will likely yield little benefit to the field compared with an interactive social learning framework.
Single Cardiac Ventricular Myosins Change Step-Size with Loading
Authors: Wang Yihua , Yuan Chen-Ching , Kazmierczak Katarzyna , Szczesna-Cordary Danuta , Burghardt Thomas P. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTThe cardiac myosin motor powers the beating heart by catalyzed ATPase free energy conversion to contractile work. Transgenic mouse models for heart disease express mouse α-cardiac myosin heavy chain with human essential light chain (ELC) in wild type (WT), or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy linked mutant forms, A57G or E143K. Mutants modify the ELC actin binding N-terminus or C-terminus regions. Motility and single myosin mechanical characteristics show stark contrasts between the motors related to their average force, power, and displacement while all indicate the ability to down-shift ensemble step-size with increasing load. A57G and E143K consume more ATP than control WT in the presence of actin with A57G upregulating and E143K downregulating power compared with WT. Higher ATP consumption and downregulated power in E143K implies a lower unitary force. Effects on power are consistent with an A57G that impairs the ELC N-terminus actin binding and an E143K that reduces lever-arm rigidity.
Establishment in Culture of Expanded Potential Stem Cells
Authors: Yang Jian , Ryan David J. , Wang Wei , Tsang Jason Cheuk-Ho , Lan Guocheng , Masaki Hideki , Gao Xuefei , Antunes Liliana , Yu Yong , Zhu Zhexin , Wang Juexuan , Kolodziejczyk Aleksandra A. , Campos Lia S. , Wang Cui , Yang Fengtang , Zhong Zhen , Fu Beiyuan , Eckersley-Maslin Melanie , Woods Michael , Tanaka Yosuke , Wilkinson Adam C. , Bussell James , White Jacqui , Ramirez-Solis Ramiro , Reik Wolf , Göttgens Berthold , Teichmann Sarah A. , Nakauchi Hiromitsu , Zou Xiangang , Lu Liming , Liu Pentao 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMouse embryonic stem cells are derived fromin vitroexplantation of blastocyst epiblasts1,2and contribute to both the somatic lineage and germline when returned to the blastocyst3but are normally excluded from the trophoblast lineage and primitive endoderm4–6. Here, we report that cultures of expanded potential stem cells (EPSCs) can be established from individual blastomeres, by direct conversion of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and by genetically reprogramming somatic cells. Remarkably, a single EPSC contributes to the embryo proper and placenta trophoblasts in chimeras. Critically, culturing EPSCs in a trophoblast stem cell (TSC) culture condition permits direct establishment of TSC lines without genetic modification. Molecular analyses including single cell RNA-seq reveal that EPSCs share cardinal pluripotency features with ESCs but have an enriched blastomere transcriptomic signature and a dynamic DNA methylome. These proof-of-concept results open up the possibility of establishing cultures of similar stem cells in other mammalian species.
Polygenic prediction of the phenome, across ancestry, in emerging adulthood
Authors: Docherty Anna R. , Moscati Arden , Dick Danielle , Savage Jeanne E. , Salvatore Jessica E. , Cooke Megan , Aliev Fazil , Moore Ashlee A. , Edwards Alexis C. , Riley Brien P. , Adkins Daniel E. , Peterson Roseann , Webb Bradley T. , Bacanu Silviu A. , Kendler Kenneth S. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundIdentifying genetic relationships between complex traits in emerging adulthood can provide useful etiological insights into risk for psychopathology. College-age individuals are under-represented in genomic analyses thus far, and the majority of work has focused on clinical disorder or cognitive abilities rather than normal-range behavioral outcomes.MethodsThis study examined a sample of emerging adults 18-22 years of age (N = 5,947) to construct an atlas of polygenic risk for 33 traits predicting relevant phenotypic outcomes. Twenty-eight hypotheses were tested based on the previous literature on samples of European ancestry, and the availability of rich assessment data allowed for polygenic predictions across 55 psychological and medical phenotypes.ResultsPolygenic risk for schizophrenia in emerging adults predicted anxiety, depression, nicotine use, trauma, and family history of psychological disorders. Polygenic risk for neuroticism predicted anxiety, depression, phobia, panic, neuroticism, and was correlated with polygenic risk for cardiovascular disease.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate the extensive impact of genetic risk for schizophrenia, neuroticism, and major depression on a range of health outcomes in early adulthood. Minimal cross-ancestry replication of these phenomic patterns of polygenic influence underscores the need for more genome-wide association studies of non-European populations.
Response reversal during top-down modulation in cortical circuits with multiple interneuron types
Authors: del Molino Luis Carlos Garcia , Yang Guangyu Robert , Mejias Jorge F. , Wang Xiao-Jing 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPyramidal cells and interneurons expressing parvalbumin, somatostatin, or vasoactive intestinal peptide show cell type-specific connectivity patterns leading to a canonical microcircuit across cortex. Dissecting the dynamics of this microcircuit is essential to our understanding of the mammalian cortex. However, experiments recording from this circuit often report counterintuitive and seemingly contradictory findings. For example, the response of a V1 neural population to top-down behavioral modulation can reverse from positive to negative when the bottom-up thalamic input changes. We developed a theoretical framework to explain such response reversal, and we showed how this complex dynamics can emerge in circuits that possess two key features: the presence of multiple interneuron populations and a non-linear dependence between the input and output of the populations. Furthermore, we built a cortical circuit model and the comparison of our simulations with real data shows that our model reproduces the complex dynamics observed experimentally in mouse V1. Our explicit calculations allowed us to pinpoint the connections critical to response reversal, and to predict the existence of more types of complex dynamics that could be experimentally tested and the conditions to observe them.