bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complete Genome Sequence of the First H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus Isolated from Chickens in Lebanon in 2016
Authors: Ibrahim Elias , Sirawan Abeer , El-Bazzal Bassel , El Hage Jeanne , Abi Said Mounir , Zaraket Hassan , Kandeil Ahmed , Ali Mohamed A. , Kayali Ghazi 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
We generated the full genome of a highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus that caused an outbreak on a chicken farm in Lebnaon in April 2016. Analysis revealed that the virus belonged to clade 2.3.2.1c that recently caused outbreaks in West Africa and the United Arab Emirates.
Myeloperoxidase Attenuates Pathogen Clearance during Plasmodium yoelii Nonlethal Infection
Authors: Theeß Wiebke , Sellau Julie , Steeg Christiane , Klinke Anna , Baldus Stephan , Cramer Jakob P. , Jacobs Thomas 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Myeloperoxidase (MPO), a leukocyte-derived enzyme mainly secreted by activated neutrophils, is known to be involved in the immune response during bacterial and fungal infection and inflammatory diseases. Nevertheless, the role of MPO in a parasitic disease like malaria is unknown. We hypothesized that MPO contributes to parasite clearance. To address this hypothesis, we used
Plasmodium yoelii
nonlethal infection in wild-type and MPO-deficient mice as a murine malaria model. We detected high MPO plasma levels in wild-type mice with
Plasmodium yoelii
infection. Unexpectedly, infected MPO-deficient mice did not show increased parasite loads but were able to clear the infection more rapidly than wild-type mice. Additionally, the presence of neutrophils at the onset of infection seemed not to be essential for the control of the parasitemia. The effect of decreased parasite levels in MPO-deficient mice was absent from animals lacking mature T and B cells, indicating that this effect is most likely dependent on adaptive immune response mechanisms. Indeed, we observed increased gamma interferon and tumor necrosis factor alpha production by T cells in infected MPO-deficient mice. Together, these results suggest that MPO modulates the adaptive immune response during malaria infection, leading to an attenuated parasite clearance.
Probing for Binding Regions of the FtsZ Protein Surface through Site-Directed Insertions: Discovery of Fully Functional FtsZ-Fluorescent Proteins
Authors: Moore Desmond A. , Whatley Zakiya N. , Joshi Chandra P. , Osawa Masaki , Erickson Harold P. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

FtsZ, a bacterial tubulin homologue, is a cytoskeletal protein that assembles into protofilaments that are one subunit thick. These protofilaments assemble further to form a “Z ring” at the center of prokaryotic cells. The Z ring generates a constriction force on the inner membrane and also serves as a scaffold to recruit cell wall remodeling proteins for complete cell division
in vivo
. One model of the Z ring proposes that protofilaments associate via lateral bonds to form ribbons; however, lateral bonds are still only hypothetical. To explore potential lateral bonding sites, we probed the surface of
Escherichia coli
FtsZ by inserting either small peptides or whole fluorescent proteins (FPs). Among the four lateral surfaces on FtsZ protofilaments, we obtained inserts on the front and back surfaces that were functional for cell division. We concluded that these faces are not sites of essential interactions. Inserts at two sites, G124 and R174, located on the left and right surfaces, completely blocked function, and these sites were identified as possible sites for essential lateral interactions. However, the insert at R174 did not interfere with association of protofilaments into sheets and bundles
in vitro
. Another goal was to find a location within FtsZ that supported insertion of FP reporter proteins while allowing the FtsZ-FPs to function as the sole source of FtsZ. We discovered one internal site, G55-Q56, where several different FPs could be inserted without impairing function. These FtsZ-FPs may provide advances for imaging Z-ring structure by superresolution techniques.

IMPORTANCE
One model for the Z-ring structure proposes that protofilaments are assembled into ribbons by lateral bonds between FtsZ subunits. Our study excluded the involvement of the front and back faces of the protofilament in essential interactions
in vivo
but pointed to two potential lateral bond sites, on the right and left sides. We also identified an FtsZ loop where various fluorescent proteins could be inserted without blocking function; these FtsZ-FPs functioned as the sole source of FtsZ. This advance provides improved tools for all fluorescence imaging of the Z ring and may be especially important for superresolution imaging.
The role of specific visual subfields in collisions with oncoming cars during simulated driving in patients with advanced glaucoma
Authors: Kunimatsu-Sanuki Shiho , Iwase Aiko , Araie Makoto , Aoki Yuki , Hara Takeshi , Fukuchi Takeo , Udagawa Sachiko , Ohkubo Shinji , Sugiyama Kazuhisa , Matsumoto Chota , Nakazawa Toru , Yamaguchi Takuhiro , Ono Hiroshi 
Published: October 2016

Background/aimsTo assess the role of specific visual subfields in collisions with oncoming cars during simulated driving in patients with advanced glaucoma.MethodsNormal subjects and patients with glaucoma with mean deviation <–12 dB in both eyes (Humphrey Field Analyzer 24-2 SITA-S program) used a driving simulator (DS; Honda Motor, Tokyo). Two scenarios in which oncoming cars turned right crossing the driver's path were chosen. We compared the binocular integrated visual field (IVF) in the patients who were involved in collisions and those who were not. We performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis; the dependent parameter was collision involvement, and the independent parameters were age, visual acuity and mean sensitivity of the IVF subfields.ResultsThe study included 43 normal subjects and 100 patients with advanced glaucoma. And, 5 of the 100 patients with advanced glaucoma experienced simulator sickness during the main test and were thus excluded. In total, 95 patients with advanced glaucoma and 43 normal subjects completed the main test of DS. Advanced glaucoma patients had significantly more collisions than normal patients in one or both DS scenarios (p<0.001). The patients with advanced glaucoma who were involved in collisions were older (p=0.050) and had worse visual acuity in the better eye (p<0.001) and had lower mean IVF sensitivity in the inferior hemifield, both 0°–12° and 13°–24° in comparison with who were not involved in collisions (p=0.012 and p=0.034). A logistic regression analysis revealed that collision involvement was significantly associated with decreased inferior IVF mean sensitivity from 13° to 24° (p=0.041), in addition to older age and lower visual acuity (p=0.018 and p<0.001).ConclusionsOur data suggest that the inferior hemifield was associated with the incidence of motor vehicle collisions with oncoming cars in patients with advanced glaucoma.
Effectiveness of after-school interventions at increasing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels in 5- to 18-year olds: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mears Ruth , Jago Russell 
Published: October 2016

AimPhysical activity in children improves cardiovascular, mental, metabolic and skeletal health. Many children fail to meet the national recommendation of at least 60 min per day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). After-school programmes provide an opportunity to engage children in physical activity. This systematic review and meta-analysis examine the effectiveness of after-school interventions at increasing MVPA levels in children and adolescents.DesignSystematic review and meta-analyses.Data sourcesA literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsychINFO databases from January 1950 to April 2015.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesInclusion criteria—Population: participants aged 5–18 years. Intervention: an after-school programme in a school-based setting as the main component of an intervention to increase physical activity levels. Outcomes: individual-level measure of time spent in MVPA. Study design: quasi-experimental, pilot, non-randomised or randomised trials. Exclusion criteria: conference abstracts, unpublished articles, dissertations and non-English language papers.Results1387 records were identified through database searching. After removal of duplicates, there were 748 records. 15 articles met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. 6 studies were eligible for meta-analysis and the pooled intervention effect at end point follow-up was 4.84 min/day of MVPA (95% CI −0.94 to 10.61). The effectiveness of after-school interventions varied considerably and comparisons between studies limited by different methodological study designs. Subgroup analyses within a small minority of studies revealed significant benefits in overweight/obese children and boys. There was a lack of convincing evidence that interventions based on theories of behaviour change were more effective than those with no underlying theory.ConclusionsAfter-school physical activity interventions to date have had mixed effectiveness on increasing MVPA levels. More robust evaluations of extracurricular physical activity interventions are required, particularly studies that use objective assessment of physical activity.
DOES A ‘PREVENT INJURY AND ENHANCE PERFORMANCE’ PROGRAMME (PEP) CHANGE THE NEUROMUSCULAR CONTROL IN YOUNG FEMALE ACROBATIC GYMNASTS?
Authors: Ross EC , Thawley P 
Published: October 2016

AimsThe primary aim of this interventional study was to identify if a PEP1 is an effective neuromuscular training intervention to change neuromuscular control (NMC) of the lower limb in young female acrobatic gymnasts. Secondary aims were to identify if the gymnast's perceived a change in their own strength, physical sporting ability (PSA), self-esteem or physical self-worth (PSW) following this neuromuscular training method.MethodsFifty-four female acrobatic gymnasts, mean age 11.43 years (±2.96 range 7–18 years), height 1.44 (±0.16 SD) metres, mean weight 37.4 kg (±13.35 SD), were recruited. All participants were assessed through 2-dimensional video analysis using the Qualitative Analysis of Single Leg Squat Scoring tool2 (QASLS) and The Children and Youth Self-Perception Questionnaire3 (CY-PSPP). Outcome measures were completed pre- and post- an eight week PEP intervention. The PEP was completed up to three times a week, prior to standard acrobatic training, within the competitive season.ResultsPost-interventional analysis observed a significant improvement in the QASLS score on both the right (p=0.001) and left lower limb (p=0.001) of female gymnasts. The CY-PSPP questionnaire showed significant improvement in gymnast's perception of theirstrength(p=0.013),PSA(p=0.002) andself-esteem(p=0.013). No significance was observed inPSW(p=0.164).ConclusionsAn 8-week PEP showed a significant effect in increasing young female acrobatic gymnasts NMC whilst performing a single leg squat. The PEP, as a method of neuromuscular training, demonstrated significant improvement in gymnast's self-perception of strength, PSA and self-esteem. Gymnastics is a sport dominated by childhood and adolescent age groups. Effective injury prevention strategies are vital to protect the health of young gymnasts. These results demonstrate that a PEP incorporating neuromuscular training interventions during childhood and pre-adolescence can positively improve young female gymnasts' NMC.
Views of patients and professionals about electronic multicompartment medication devices: a qualitative study
Authors: Hall Jill , Bond Christine , Kinnear Moira , McKinstry Brian 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesTo explore the perceived acceptability, advantages and disadvantages of electronic multicompartment medication devices.DesignQualitative study using 8 focus groups and 10 individual semistructured interviews. Recordings were transcribed and analysed thematically. Strategies were employed to ensure the findings were credible and trustworthy.Participants and settingCommunity pharmacists (n=11), general practitioners (n=9), community nurses (n=12) and social care managers (n=8) were recruited from the National Health Service (NHS) and local authority services. Patients (n=15) who were current conventional or electronic multicompartment medication device users or had medication adherence problems were recruited from community pharmacies. 3 informal carers participated.ResultsElectronic multicompartment medication devices which prompt the patient to take medication may be beneficial for selected individuals, particularly those with cognitive impairment, but who are not seriously impaired, provided they have a good level of dexterity. They may also assist individuals where it is important that medication is taken at fixed time intervals. These are likely to be people who are being supported to live alone. No single device suited everybody; smaller/lighter devices were preferred but their usefulness was limited by the small number/size of storage compartments. Removing medications was often challenging. Transportability was an important factor for patients and carers. A carer's alert if medication is not taken was problematic with multiple barriers to implementation and no consensus as to who should receive the alert. There was a lack of enthusiasm among professionals, particularly among pharmacists, due to concerns about responsibility and funding for devices as well as ensuring devices met regulatory standards for storage and labelling.ConclusionsThis study provides indicators of which patients might benefit from an electronic multicompartment medication device as well as the kinds of features to consider when matching a patient with a device. It also highlights other considerations for successful implementation including issues of responsibility, regulation and funding.
Functional disability and social participation restriction associated with chronic conditions in middle-aged and older adults
Authors: Griffith Lauren E , Raina Parminder , Levasseur Mélanie , Sohel Nazmul , Payette Hélène , Tuokko Holly , van den Heuvel Edwin , Wister Andrew , Gilsing Anne , Patterson Christopher 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundWe examine the population impact on functional disability and social participation of physical and mental chronic conditions individually and in combination.MethodsCross-sectional, population-based data from community-dwelling people aged 45 years and over living in the 10 Canadian provinces in 2008–2009 were used to estimate the population attributable risk (PAR) for functional disability in basic (ADL) and instrumental (IADL) activities of daily living and social participation restrictions for individual and combinations of chronic conditions, stratified by age and gender, after adjusting for confounding variables.ResultsFive chronic conditions (arthritis, depression, diabetes, heart disease and eye disease) made the largest contributions to ADL-related and IADL-related functional disability and social participation restrictions, with variation in magnitude and ranking by age and gender. While arthritis was consistently associated with higher PARs across gender and most age groups, depression, alone and in combination with the physical chronic conditions, was associated with ADL and IADL disability as well as social participation restrictions in the younger age groups, especially among women. Compared to women, the combinations of conditions associated with higher PARs in men more often included heart disease and diabetes.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that in community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults, the impact of combinations of mental and physical chronic conditions on functional disability and social participation restriction is substantial and differed by gender and age. Recognising the differences in the drivers of PAR by gender and age group will ultimately increase the efficiency of clinical and public health interventions.
Big Data–Led Cancer Research, Application, and Insights
Authors: Brown James A.L. , Ni Chonghaile Triona , Matchett Kyle B. , Lynam-Lennon Niamh , Kiely Patrick A. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Insights distilled from integrating multiple big-data or “omic” datasets have revealed functional hierarchies of molecular networks driving tumorigenesis and modifiers of treatment response. Identifying these novel key regulatory and dysregulated elements is now informing personalized medicine. Crucially, although there are many advantages to this approach, there are several key considerations to address. Here, we examine how this big data–led approach is impacting many diverse areas of cancer research, through review of the key presentations given at the Irish Association for Cancer Research Meeting and importantly how the results may be applied to positively affect patient outcomes. Cancer Res; 76(21); 6167–70. ©2016 AACR.
A importância da estratigrafia mecânica no desenvolvimento de falhas e juntas em contexto de bacias sedimentares: contribuição de modelos experimentais
Authors: Oliveira Magda Estrela , Silva Fernando César Alves da 
Published: October 2016

A modelagem física analógica é atualmente uma ferramenta cada vez mais utilizada para melhorar o entendimento da formação e desenvolvimento das estruturas geológicas. O impulso dado na utilização dessa ferramenta deve-se, principalmente (mas não exclusivamente), à indústria do petróleo, onde a análise estrutural é importante para a definição da geometria das estruturas que possam constituir armadilhas para o hidrocarboneto. O presente trabalho analisa a nucleação de falhas e juntas, em função do contraste reológico de materiais analógicos, durante um evento distensional em bacias sedimentares. Influência de outros fatores, como espessura das camadas e seu posicionamento na estratigrafia, também foram analisados. Os materiais utilizados para simular uma estratigrafia mecânica foram pó de gesso (sulfato de cálcio semi-hidratado), microesferas de vidro e areia quartzosa. O monitoramento dos experimentos foi feito utilizando-se o PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry), instrumento que mostra a movimentação das partículas a cada instante deformacional. Como resultados, observaram-se diferenças na nucleação e desenvolvimento das falhas nas camadas de diferente comportamento reológico. As camadas de pó de gesso comportam-se de modo mais competente, permitindo a geração de um número maior de juntas, e as falhas apresentam mergulho mais elevado do que quando atravessam as camadas menos competentes de areia quartzosa. De forma geral, os experimentos podem ser interpretados como análogos da deformação frágil em rochas carbonáticas intercaladas em sequências siliciclásticas ou ricas em argilominerais, gerando armadilhas estruturais capazes de influenciar na migração e/ou armazenamento de fluidos, tais como hidrocarbonetos ou mesmo água subterrânea.
Catheter Ablation of Atypical Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia
Authors: Katritsis Demosthenes G. , Marine Joseph E. , Contreras Fernando M. , Fujii Akira , Latchamsetty Rakesh , Siontis Konstantinos C. , Katritsis George D. , Zografos Theodoros , John Roy M. , Epstein Lawrence M. , Michaud Gregory F. , Anter Elad , Sepahpour Ali , Rowland Edward , Buxton Alfred E. , Calkins Hugh , Morady Fred , Stevenson William G. , Josephson Mark E. 
Published: October 2016

Background:
Because of its low prevalence, data on atypical atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) are scarce, and the optimal ablation method has not been established. Our study aimed at assessing the efficacy and safety of conventional slow pathway ablation, as applied for typical cases, in atypical AVNRT.

Methods:
We studied 2079 patients with AVNRT subjected to slow pathway ablation. In 113 patients, mean age 48.5±18.1 years, 68 female, atypical AVNRT or coexistent atypical and typical AVNRT without other concomitant arrhythmia was diagnosed. Ablation data and outcomes were compared with a group of age- and sex-matched control patients with typical AVNRT.

Results:

Fluoroscopy and radiofrequency current delivery times were not different in the atypical and typical groups, 20.3±12.2 versus 20.8±12.9 minutes (
P
=0.730) and 5.9±5.0 versus 5.5±4.5 minutes (
P
=0.650), respectively. Slow pathway ablation was accomplished from the right septum in 110 patients, and from the left septum in 3 patients, in the atypical group. There was no need for additional ablation lesions at other anatomic sites, and no cases of atrioventricular block were encountered. Recurrence rates of the arrhythmia were 5.6% in the atypical (6/108 patients) and 1.8% in the typical (2/111 patients) groups in the next 3 months following ablation (
P
=0.167).

Conclusions:
Conventional ablation at the anatomic area of the slow pathway is the therapy of choice for symptomatic AVNRT, regardless of whether the typical or atypical form is present.
Molecular identification of Deladenus proximus Bedding, 1974 (Tylenchida: Neotylenchidae), a parasite of Sirex nigricornis (Hymenoptera: Siricidae)
Authors: Hartshorn Jessica A. , Fisher J. Ray , Riggins John J. , Stephen Fred M. 
Published: October 2016

Parasitic nematodes were isolated from Sirex nigricornis (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) females collected in baited traps across pine forests of Arkansas and Mississippi, USA. We examined 650-720 bp of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and compared Arkansas and Mississippi sequences to sequences from nematodes collected in Illinois, Louisiana and New York that were positively identified as Deladenus proximus. We propose that a single species, D. proximus, occurs across Arkansas and Mississippi. Moreover, all sequences, which spanned a large geographic area (Louisiana to New York), exhibited only minor genetic variation (mean genetic distance of 0.004). This suggests that all examined specimens are a single species and could suggest continuous gene flow across eastern North America. Additional genes should be examined to discuss more fully the prospect of continuous gene flow.
Revival of Local Festivals and Religion after the Great East Japan Earthquake
Authors: Kimura Toshiaki 
Published: October 2016

Since the Great East Japan Earthquake on 11 March 2011, local festivals in the affected area have attracted wide attention as an indication of the population’s recovery. Many nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and other groups have provided financial or human support to revive these local festivals. In the mass media, reports of these activities are frequently edited to depict heartwarming stories. Why was the festival revived? Does it have any meaning for the affected people? Could this trend be interpreted as a revival of religion in Japan after the disaster? In this paper, I examine the process of reviving a large-scale festival held once every twenty years in a coastal village that was seriously affected by the tsunami. My examination uses two sets of concepts: “deductive” and “inductive” rituals, and “monophonic” and “polyphonic” rituals.