bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing neuronal density in peri‐infarct cortex with PET: Effects of cortical topology and partial volume correction
Authors: Funck Thomas , Al‐Kuwaiti Mohammed , Lepage Claude , Zepper Peter , Minuk Jeffrey , Schipper Hyman M. , Evans Alan C. , Thiel Alexander 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe peri‐infarct cortex (PIC) is the site of long‐term physiologic changes after ischemic stroke. Traditional methods for delineating the peri‐infarct gray matter (GM) have used a volumetric Euclidean distance metric to define its extent around the infarct. This metric has limitations in the case of cortical stroke, i.e., those where ischemia leads to infarction in the cortical GM, because the vascularization of the cerebral cortex follows the complex, folded topology of the cortical surface. Instead, we used a geodesic distance metric along the cortical surface to subdivide the PIC into equidistant rings emanating from the infarct border and compared this new approach to a Euclidean distance metric definition. This was done in 11 patients with [F‐18]‐Flumazenil ([18‐F]‐FMZ) positron emission tomography (PET) scans at 2 weeks post‐stroke and at 6 month follow‐up. FMZ is a PET radiotracer with specific binding to the alpha subunits of the type A γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptor. Additionally, we used partial‐volume correction (PVC) of the PET images to compensate for potential cortical thinning and long‐term neuronal loss in follow‐up images. The difference in non‐displaceable binding potential (BPND) between the stroke unaffected and affected hemispheres was 35% larger in the geodesic versus the Euclidean peri‐infarct models in initial PET images and 48% larger in follow‐up PET images. The inter‐hemispheric BPND difference was approximately 17–20% larger after PVC when compared to uncorrected PET images. PET studies of peri‐infarct GM in cortical strokes should use a geodesic model and include PVC as a preprocessing step. Hum Brain Mapp 38:326–338, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sonographic evaluation of patellar clunk syndrome following total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Geannette Christian , Miller Theodore , Saboeiro Gregory , Parks Michael 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTPatellar clunk syndrome is a painful mechanical phenomenon that may develop following total knee arthroplasty. The diagnosis is usually made clinically, but cross‐sectional imaging may be needed to confirm the clinical suspicion. Sonographic confirmation of patellar clunk syndrome can be obtained by directly visualizing the soft tissue proliferation deep to the distal quadriceps tendon and by dynamically demonstrating the clunking tissue during flexion and extension of the knee. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 45:105–107, 2017;
Cysts of the canal of Nuck: A rare sonographic diagnosis
Authors: Lai Ingrid , Page Andrea , Hamidinia Fereshteh , Rahmani Rose 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTThe canal of Nuck is a remnant of a peritoneal evagination associated with the round ligament in women. Rarely, the canal of Nuck can remain patent allowing for development of cysts. These cysts are difficult to diagnose due to their rare incidence and because they are often mistaken for other causes of inguinal pain in women. This case series of three women presenting with groin or labial masses highlights the role of sonography as the primary imaging modality in the diagnosis of canal of Nuck cysts. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 45:175–178, 2017
Diagnosis and laparoscopic management of a rudimentary horn pregnancy: Role of three‐dimensional ultrasound
Authors: Blancafort Claudia , Graupera Betlem , Pascual Maria Àngela , Hereter Lourdes , Browne Jean Laurent , Cusidó Maria Teresa 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTRudimentary horn pregnancy occurs in 1 in 76,000–150,000 pregnancies and causes uterine rupture in about 80% of cases. The use of three‐dimensional transvaginal ultrasound seems to be useful for its early detection. We present a case of an 8‐week pregnancy in a rudimentary horn, managed by laparoscopic excision. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 45:112–115, 2017;
Sugars and organic acids in plum fruit affected by Plum pox virus
Authors: Usenik Valentina , Marn Mojca Virscek 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDPlum pox virus (PPV) causes severe economic losses in stone fruit production, but little is known about its effect on plum fruit composition. In this study, the influence of PPV on sugars and organic acids was evaluated in a susceptible plum (Prunus domestica L.) cultivar.RESULTSPPV infection significantly affected the content and composition of sugars and organic acids. The composition of necrotic tissue was modified the most. A short‐time infected tree yielded fruit with similar sugar composition to fruit from a healthy tree, but the decline of organic acids was faster. Prematurely ripened symptomatic fruit had reduced fruit weight and low sugar content.CONCLUSIONInfected trees of the studied cultivar produce fruit of inferior quality. Fruits are not suitable for processing, especially when most of them exhibit visual symptoms of PPV infection. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Clinical and neurophysiological features of familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy
Authors: Cen Zhidong , Huang Chunping , Yin Houmin , Ding Xueping , Xie Fei , Lu Xingjiao , Ouyang Zhiyuan , Lou Yuting , Qiu Xia , Wang Zhongjin , Xiao Jianfeng , Ding Meiping , Luo Wei 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveFamilial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy is a rare epilepsy syndrome. Herein, we report on nine Chinese familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy pedigrees to delineate its clinical and neurophysiological features.MethodsDetailed clinical and neurophysiological data were obtained. Somatosensory evoked potential amplitudes and clinical profile were analyzed using multilevel statistical models. Age‐at‐onset anticipation was analyzed using Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis.ResultsFifty‐five patients were interviewed directly, whose mean age at onset of cortical tremor and generalized tonic‐clonic seizures were 31.0 ± 8.3 and 36.0 ± 7.9 years. Giant somatosensory evoked potential was detected in 87.5% (28 of 32) of patients, and long‐latency cortical reflex was detected in 93.5% (29 of 31). Cortical tremor severity was significantly higher in patients with longer disease duration of cortical tremor (P = 0.0061). Somatosensory evoked potential amplitudes were significant higher in patients with higher level of cortical tremor severity (P = 0.0003) and those using antiepileptic drugs (P = 0.0150). Age‐at‐onset anticipation of cortical tremor with paternal transmission was found with statistical significance (P = 0.022).ConclusionWe provided the clinical and neurophysiological features of familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy patients. This study is reported for the presentation of this rare disease in a Chinese population with the largest single report on familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy worldwide. Age‐at‐onset anticipation of cortical tremor with paternal transmission was statistically significant, which further confirmed a possibility of unstable expanding repeat in the genetic mechanism of familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Novel colon‐available triterpenoids identified in raspberry fruits exhibit antigenotoxic activities in vitro
Authors: McDougall Gordon J. , Allwood J. William , Pereira‐Caro Gema , Brown Emma M. , Verrall Susan , Stewart Derek , Latimer Cheryl , McMullan Geoff , Lawther Roger , O'Connor Gloria , Rowland Ian , Crozier Alan , Gill Chris I. R. 
Published: September 2016

ScopeIleostomy studies provide a unique insight into digestion of food, allowing identification of physiologically relevant dietary phytochemicals and their metabolites important to gut health. We previously reported the consistent increase of components in ileal fluids of ileostomates after consumption of raspberries with use of nontargeted LC–MSn techniques and data deconvolution software highlighting two major unknown components (m/z 355 and 679).Methods and resultsIn‐depth LC–MSn analyses suggested that the ileal m/z 355 components were p‐coumaroyl glucarates. These compounds have not been identified previously and were confirmed in raspberry extracts after partial purification. The major ileal component with m/z 679 was a glycoside with an aglycone of m/z 517 and was present as two peaks in extracts of whole puree, unseeded puree, and isolated seeds. These components were purified using Sephadex LH20 and C18 SPE units and identified as major, novel raspberry triterpenoid glycosides. This triterpenoid‐enriched fraction (100 nM) protected against H2O2‐induced DNA damage in both colon cancer and normal cell lines and altered expression of cytoprotective genes.ConclusionThe presence of these novel raspberry triterpenoid components in ileal fluids indicates that they would be colon‐available in vivo, so confirmation of their anticancer bioactivities is of key physiological relevance.
Globalization technique for projected Newton–Krylov methods
Authors: Chen Jinhai , Vuik Cornelis 
Published: September 2016

SummaryLarge‐scale systems of nonlinear equations appear in many applications. In various applications, the solution of the nonlinear equations should also be in a certain interval. A typical application is a discretized system of reaction diffusion equations. It is well known that chemical species should be positive otherwise the solution is not physical and in general blow up occurs. Recently, a projected Newton method has been developed, which can be used to solve this type of problems. A drawback is that the projected Newton method is not globally convergent. This motivates us to develop a new feasible projected Newton–Krylov algorithm for solving a constrained system of nonlinear equations. Combined with a projected gradient direction, our feasible projected Newton–Krylov algorithm circumvents the non‐descent drawback of search directions which appear in the classical projected Newton methods. Global and local superlinear convergence of our approach is established under some standard assumptions. Numerical experiments are used to illustrate that the new projected Newton method is globally convergent and is a significate complementarity for Newton–Krylov algorithms known in the literature. © 2016 The Authors. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of new polydiolcitrates with tunable properties
Authors: Nuvoli Daniele , Alzari Valeria , Nuvoli Luca , Rassu Mariella , Sanna Davide , Sanna Vanna , Mariani Alberto 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTPolydiolcitrates are an emerging class of biocompatible polyesters with a great potential in the field of biomedicine and packaging for food and drug materials. In this work, a new type of (co‐)polydiolcitrates made of citric acid (CA) and ethylene glycol (EG) and/or poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is investigated. By varying both the EG/PEG and the CA/diol molar ratios, materials exhibiting very different swelling behavior, mechanical and thermal properties are obtained. In particular, the substitution of EG segments with longer and flexible PEG ones results in an increase in crosslinking density, with remarkable effects on swelling capacity, glass transition temperature, and Young modulus. Moreover, polyesters with CA/diol molar ratio equal to 1:1 exhibit shape memory properties, with full capacity of keeping the temporary shape and high capacity of recovering the original shape. This work demonstrates that the appropriate choice of polyester composition allows modulating the sample properties, that permits to these materials to cover a wide range of possible applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.2016,54, 3713–3720
Federal Investments in Evidence‐Based Early Childhood Home Visiting: A Multiple Streams Analysis
Authors: Barton Jared Lee 
Published: September 2016

AbstractChild poverty, child maltreatment, and child health and development are major public policy issues. By the end of the Great Recession in 2009, as many as one in four children under the age of five were living in poverty and six million children were subject to child maltreatment reports in America. For decades, evidence‐based home visiting (EBHV) programs have provided effective early interventions for preventing child maltreatment and promoting child and family outcomes to pregnant women and families with children age birth to five years old. Despite this, no widespread federal policies or funding supported home visiting before 2010. Through the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), the federal government invested $1.5 billion in home visiting with the Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting (MIECHV) initiative. While many articles examine the effectiveness of home visiting and call attention to the unprecedented features of MIECHV, this article applies the multiple streams framework to illuminate the unique social and political contexts culminating in the inclusion of MIECHV in ACA. The findings in this article are significant for policy analysts, advocates, and program developers and for establishing policies requiring evidence‐based practices.
Shining Light on Dark Politics: An Essay and Review
Authors: Skidmore Max J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMax J. Skidmore considers the state of anti‐poverty legislation and programs in the United States, as well as the general condition of American politics today. In the course of his essay, he reviews a number of relevant studies and describes the dark forces that are explicitly attacking programs that improve the lives of Americans. He discusses the imposition of “dark money” throughout the American political system that has replaced truth with lies and warped perceptions, and distorted the “will of the people.” Setting aside gentility and the natural tendency to want to avoid giving offense, he directs blame, and concludes that these “dark forces” have brought the country to a perilous position by having distorted and clouded “centrist” opinions. He demonstrates, nevertheless, that counterforces have emerged, and are becoming stronger. He recommends a course of action: citizens must become sensitive to “false equivalency” and other arguments that obscure reality. Moreover, however as counterintuitive as it appears, the dynamics of American politics demand a frankly partisan approach with straight‐ticket voting.
Poverty in the United States: A Review of Relevant Programs
Authors: Varghese Shabu Abraham 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPoverty is a major social problem in the United States: in 2014, the U.S. Census Bureau reported 46.7 million people living in poverty and an estimated 14.8 percent poverty rate. The poverty rate has been steadily increasing in the United States, with a 2 percent increase in 2012 over 2007. Federal and state governments have initiated many anti‐poverty programs, starting with the New Deal Program in the 1930s. With the advent of a new governance approach in the 1990s, many hierarchical bureaucratic government agencies were replaced with public, private, network, and collaborative approaches to solve this complex national problem. Tax expenditures, vouchers, and grants are the three major governance tools used by the U.S. federal and state governments to fight poverty. This article addresses three important programs—the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC), the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)—used in fighting poverty in the United States and discusses the problem of poverty, the effectiveness of these governance tools, suggestions for future research, and policy implications
A simple method for estimating the effective detection distance of camera traps
Authors: Hofmeester Tim R. , Rowcliffe J. Marcus , Jansen Patrick A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractEstimates of animal abundance are essential for understanding animal ecology. Camera traps can be used to estimate the abundance of terrestrial mammals, including elusive species, provided that the sensitivity of the sensor, estimated as the effective detection distance (EDD), is quantified. Here, we show how the EDD can be inferred directly from camera trap images by placing markers at known distances along the midline of the camera field of view, and then fitting distance‐sampling functions to the frequency of animal passage between markers. EDD estimates derived from simulated passages using binned detection distances approximated those obtained from continuous detection distance measurements if at least five intervals were used over the maximum detection distance. A field test of the method in two forest types with contrasting vegetation density, with five markers at 2.5 m intervals, produced credible EDD estimates for 13 forest‐dwelling mammals. EDD estimates were positively correlated with species body mass, and were shorter for the denser vegetation, as expected. Our findings suggest that this simple method can produce reliable estimates of EDD. These estimates can be used to correct photographic capture rates for difference in sampling effort resulting from differences in sensor sensitivity between species and habitats. Simplifying the estimation of EDD will result in less biased indices of relative abundance, and will also facilitate the use of camera trap data for estimating animal density.
Concise Review: Embryonic Stem Cells Derived by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer: A Horse in the Race?
Authors: Wolf Don P. , Morey Robert , Kang Eunju , Ma Hong , Hayama Tomonari , Laurent Louise C. , Mitalipov Shoukhrat 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESC) hold promise for the treatment of human medical conditions but are allogeneic. Here, we consider the differences between autologous pluripotent stem cells produced by nuclear transfer (NT-ESCs) and transcription factor-mediated, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that impact the desirability of each of these cell types for clinical use. The derivation of NT-ESCs is more cumbersome and requires donor oocytes; however, the use of oocyte cytoplasm as the source of reprogramming factors is linked to a key advantage of NT-ESCs—the ability to replace mutant mitochondrial DNA in a patient cell (due to either age or inherited disease) with healthy donor mitochondria from an oocyte. Moreover, in epigenomic and transcriptomic comparisons between isogenic iPSCs and NT-ESCs, the latter produced cells that more closely resemble bona fide ESCs derived from fertilized embryos. Thus, although NT-ESCs are more difficult to generate than iPSCs, the ability of somatic cell nuclear transfer to replace aged or diseased mitochondria and the closer epigenomic and transcriptomic similarity between NT-ESCs and bona fide ESCs may make NT-ESCs superior for future applications in regenerative medicine.
Telomere Length Defines the Cardiomyocyte Differentiation Potency of Mouse Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Aguado Tania , Gutiérrez Francisco J. , Aix Esther , Schneider Ralph P. , Giovinazzo Giovanna , Blasco María A. , Flores Ignacio 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be differentiated in vitro and in vivo to all cardiovascular lineages and are therefore a promising cell source for cardiac regenerative therapy. However, iPSC lines do not all differentiate into cardiomyocytes (CMs) with the same efficiency. Here, we show that telomerase-competent iPSCs with relatively long telomeres and high expression of the shelterin-complex protein TRF1 (iPSChighT) differentiate sooner and more efficiently into CMs than those with relatively short telomeres and low TRF1 expression (iPSClowT). Ascorbic acid, an enhancer of cardiomyocyte differentiation, further increases the cardiomyocyte yield from iPSChighT but does not rescue the cardiomyogenic potential of iPSClowT. Interestingly, although iPSCslowT differentiate very poorly to the mesoderm and endoderm lineages, they differentiate very efficiently to the ectoderm lineage, indicating that cell fate can be determined by in vitro selection of iPSCs with different telomere content. Our findings highlight the importance of selecting iPSCs with ample telomere reserves in order to generate high numbers of CMs in a fast, reliable, and efficient way.
Effect of Addition of Purified Diglycerol Linoleic Acid Esters on the Crystallization Behavior of Diacylglycerol Oils
Authors: Wan Fenlong , Teng Yinglai , Zou Long , Yang Xue , Chen Qiong , Li Aijun , Wang Yong 
Published: September 2016

AbstractLiquid oils containing high‐melting diacylglycerols (DAGs) are more likely to cause precipitation than triacylglycerol‐based oils during long‐term storage, which is not desired for consumer products. Therefore, we attempted to retard the crystallization of high‐melting DAGs by adding emulsifiers, diglycerol esters of fatty acids (DGEs), which were synthesized by esterification of diglycerol and linoleic acid using Novozym 435. The reaction product was isolated by silica gel column chromatography to obtain pure mono‐, di‐, and triesters of diglycerol, and the composition was analyzed by HPLC and ESI‐MS. Further structural analysis of the purified products was performed by 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR. The retardation effect of DGEs with a different esterification degree on the crystallization of DAGs was investigated using solid fat content, differential scanning calorimetry, polarized light microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. The results reveal that addition of 0.5 % (w/w) DGEs could effectively retard the crystallization of high‐melting DAGs by inhibiting the nucleation process and delaying the crystal growth, but their addition did not alter the crystal forms of DAGs. Moreover, the retardation effect was enhanced as the esterification degree of DGE decreased.
Comparing the mechanical strength of hip spica cast between a conventional and a new method of application
Authors: Wan Kwong-Lee , Shanmugam Rukmanikanthan , Lee Kun-Yun , Saw Aik 
Published: September 2016

Purpose The current technique of hip spica application is mostly based on a publication by Kumar (J Pediatr Orthop 1(1):97–99, 1981 ). We modified the technique of hip spica application in order to reduce the rate of breakage across the hip joint and designed this study to compare the strength between hip spica applied according to Kumar's technique and the new technique. Methods We created 12 hip spica casts with 24 hips according to Kumar's technique, and another 12 casts according to a new technique. The two types of spica were tested with a mechanical testing machine (Instron 3365 series) by using compression loading to failure in flexion, extension, abduction and adduction. Data were analysed in SPSS version 20.0. Comparison of means was done with an independent T test for normally distributed data and the Mann–Whitney test for skewed data. Results The new technique involved the creation of three slabs, instead of 14 slabs as described by Kumar. The loads to failure for hip spica cast applied according to the new technique were higher than those applied according to Kumar's technique, and the differences were statistically significant. The stiffness was also higher in spica casts applied with the new technique; the difference was not statistically significant under extension force. Conclusion Hip spica applied with the new technique was stronger than that applied according to Kumar's technique based on load to failure testing. The new technique of application would potentially reduce the risk of cast breakage during the management of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) and femur fracture in children.