bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexible diodes for radio frequency (RF) electronics: a materials perspective
Authors: Semple James , Georgiadou Dimitra G , Wyatt-Moon Gwenhivir , Gelinck Gerwin , Anthopoulos Thomas D 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Over the last decade, there has been increasing interest in transferring the research advances in radiofrequency (RF) rectifiers, the quintessential element of the chip in the RF identification (RFID) tags, obtained on rigid substrates onto plastic (flexible) substrates. The growing demand for flexible RFID tags, wireless communications applications and wireless energy harvesting systems that can be produced at a low-cost is a key driver for this technology push. In this topical review, we summarise recent progress and status of flexible RF diodes and rectifying circuits, with specific focus on materials and device processing aspects. To this end, different families of materials (e.g. flexible silicon, metal oxides, organic and carbon nanomaterials), manufacturing processes (e.g. vacuum and solution processing) and device architectures (diodes and transistors) are compared. Although emphasis is placed on performance, functionality, mechanical flexibility and operating stability, the various bottlenecks associated with each technology are also addressed. Finally, we present our outlook on the commercialisation potential and on the positioning of each material class in the RF electronics landscape based on the findings summarised herein. It is beyond doubt that the field of flexible high and ultra-high frequency rectifiers and electronics as a whole will continue to be an active area of research over the coming years.
Effect of triggering angles on the crushing mechanisms of hybrid woven kenaf/aluminum hollow cylinders
Authors: Ismail Al Emran , Noor Fazimah Mat , Mohamad Zaleha , Madlan Mohd Amran , Zulafif Rahim M. , Rasidi Ibrahim M. , Ahmad Sufizar , Rahman Mohd Nasrull Abdol , Salleh Salihatun Md , Sadikin Azmahani , Mahzan Shahruddin , Nor Nik Hisyamudin Muhd 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This paper presents the effect of triggering angles constructed on the top of hybrid woven kenaf/aluminium hollow cylinders on the energy absorption performances. The crushing performances of aluminium tubes can be found widely in open literature. However, lack number of work on the hybridizing the aluminium tubes with woven kenaf fibre is found. Woven kenaf mats are produced and bathed with polymeric resin before they are wrapped around the aluminium tubes twice. Different fibre orientations, ±θ° are used where θ = 0, 15, 30 and 45. Once the hybrid composite hardened, one of their end are chamfered using different angles of 0°, 30°, 45° and 60°. The tubes are quasi-statically compressed in order to obtain their force-displacement responses and crashworthiness parameters are extracted and discussed with the relation of fibre orientations and chamfering angles. It is found that the chamfering angles are only affected the force-displacement curves during the first stage of elastic deformation whereas there is no obvious effect in the second stage. However, varying the fibre orientations are slightly increased the force-displacement curves especially when the fibre is orientated with 30°. Based on the fracture mechanism observations, most of composite experienced large fragmentation indicating that the composites absorbed the crushing energy ineffectively.
pedigreejs: a web-based graphical pedigree editor
Authors: Carver Tim , Cunningham Alex P , Babb de Villiers Chantal , Lee Andrew , Hartley Simon , Tischkowitz Marc , Walter Fiona M , Easton Douglas F , Antoniou Antonis C 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Motivation
The collection, management and visualization of clinical pedigree (family history) data is a core activity in clinical genetics centres. However, clinical pedigree datasets can be difficult to manage, as they are time consuming to capture, and can be difficult to build, manipulate and visualize graphically. Several standalone graphical pedigree editors and drawing applications exist but there are no freely available lightweight graphical pedigree editors that can be easily configured and incorporated into web applications.

Results
We developed ‘pedigreejs’, an interactive graphical pedigree editor written in JavaScript, which uses standard pedigree nomenclature. Pedigreejs provides an easily configurable, extensible and lightweight pedigree editor. It makes use of an open-source Javascript library to define a hierarchical layout and to produce images in scalable vector graphics (SVG) format that can be viewed and edited in web browsers.

Availability and implementation
The software is freely available under GPL licence (https://ccge-boadicea.github.io/pedigreejs/).

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A 3-way hybrid approach to generate a new high-quality chimpanzee reference genome (Pan_tro_3.0)
Authors: Kuderna Lukas F K , Tomlinson Chad , Hillier LaDeana W , Tran Annabel , Fiddes Ian T , Armstrong Joel , Laayouni Hafid , Gordon David , Huddleston John , Garcia Perez Raquel , Povolotskaya Inna , Serres Armero Aitor , Gómez Garrido Jèssica , Ho Daniel , Ribeca Paolo , Alioto Tyler , Green Richard E , Paten Benedict , Navarro Arcadi , Betranpetit Jaume , Herrero Javier , Eichler Evan E , Sharp Andrew J , Feuk Lars , Warren Wesley C , Marques-Bonet Tomas 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The chimpanzee is arguably the most important species for the study of human origins. A key resource for these studies is a high-quality reference genome assembly; however, as with most mammalian genomes, the current iteration of the chimpanzee reference genome assembly is highly fragmented. In the current iteration of the chimpanzee reference genome assembly (Pan_tro_2.1.4), the sequence is scattered across more then 183 000 contigs, incorporating more than 159 000 gaps, with a genome-wide contig N50 of 51 Kbp. In this work, we produce an extensive and diverse array of sequencing datasets to rapidly assemble a new chimpanzee reference that surpasses previous iterations in bases represented and organized in large scaffolds. To this end, we show substantial improvements over the current release of the chimpanzee genome (Pan_tro_2.1.4) by several metrics, such as increased contiguity by &gt;750% and 300% on contigs and scaffolds, respectively, and closure of 77% of gaps in the Pan_tro_2.1.4 assembly gaps spanning &gt;850 Kbp of the novel coding sequence based on RNASeq data. We further report more than 2700 genes that had putatively erroneous frame-shift predictions to human in Pan_tro_2.1.4 and show a substantial increase in the annotation of repetitive elements. We apply a simple 3-way hybrid approach to considerably improve the reference genome assembly for the chimpanzee, providing a valuable resource for the study of human origins. Furthermore, we produce extensive sequencing datasets that are all derived from the same cell line, generating a broad non-human benchmark dataset.
How to do (or not to do)… Measuring health worker motivation in surveys in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Borghi J , Lohmann J , Dale E , Meheus F , Goudge J , Oboirien K , Kuwawenaruwa A 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
A health system’s ability to deliver quality health care depends on the availability of motivated health workers, which are insufficient in many low income settings. Increasing policy and researcher attention is directed towards understanding what drives health worker motivation and how different policy interventions affect motivation, as motivation is key to performance and quality of care outcomes. As a result, there is growing interest among researchers in measuring motivation within health worker surveys. However, there is currently limited guidance on how to conceptualize and approach measurement and how to validate or analyse motivation data collected from health worker surveys, resulting in inconsistent and sometimes poor quality measures. This paper begins by discussing how motivation can be conceptualized, then sets out the steps in developing questions to measure motivation within health worker surveys and in ensuring data quality through validity and reliability tests. The paper also discusses analysis of the resulting motivation measure/s. This paper aims to promote high quality research that will generate policy relevant and useful evidence.
Differences in Virological and Immunological Risk Factors for Non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Shepherd Leah , Ryom Lene , Law Matthew , Hatleberg Camilla Ingrid , de Wit Stephane , Monforte Antonella d'Arminio , Battegay Manuel , Phillips Andrew , Bonnet Fabrice , Reiss Peter , Pradier Christian , Grulich Andrew , Sabin Caroline , Lundgren Jens , Mocroft Amanda 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundNon-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) are increased in populations with immune dysfunction, including people living with HIV; however, there is little evidence for to what degree immunological and virological factors differently affect NHL and HL risk.MethodsData from the Data Collection on Adverse events of Anti-HIV Drugs Study cohort were analyzed to identify independent risk factors for NHL and HL using hazard ratios (HRs), focusing on current and cumulative area under the curve (AUC) measures of immunological and virological status. Variables with different associations with NHL and HL were identified using marginal Cox models. All statistical tests were two-sided.ResultsAmong 41 420 people followed for 337 020 person-years, 392 developed NHL (incidence rate = 1.17/1000 person-years of follow-up [PYFU], 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06 to 1.30) and 149 developed HL (incidence rate = 0.44/1000 PYFU, 95% CI = 0.38 to 0.52). Higher risk of both NHL and HL was associated with lower current CD4 cell count (adjusted HR [aHR] of NHL for CD4 <100 vs > 599 cells/mm3 = 8.08, 95% CI = 5.63 to 11.61; HL = 4.58, 95% CI = 2.22 to 9.45), whereas higher current HIV viral load (aHR of NHL for HIV-VL >1000 vs < 50 copies/mL = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.50 to 2.59) and higher AUC of HIV-VL (aHR of NHL for highest vs lowest quintile = 2.91, 95% CI = 1.92 to 4.41) were associated with NHL only. Both current and AUC of HIV-VL were factors that had different associations with NHL and HL, where the hazard ratio for NHL was progressively higher than for HL with increasing HIV-VL category. Lower current CD4 cell count had a strong but similar association with both NHL and HL.ConclusionsCD4 depletion increased risk of both types of lymphomas while current and accumulated HIV-VL was associated with NHL only. This suggests that NHL development is related to both CD4 cell depletion and added immune dysfunction derived from ongoing HIV replication. This latter factor was not associated with HL risk.
Effects of Changes in Arterial Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen Partial Pressures on Cerebral Oximeter Performance
Authors: Schober Andrew , Feiner John R. , Bickler Philip E. , Rollins Mark D. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Background
Cerebral oximetry (cerebral oxygen saturation; ScO2) is used to noninvasively monitor cerebral oxygenation. ScO2 readings are based on the fraction of reduced and oxidized hemoglobin as an indirect estimate of brain tissue oxygenation and assume a static ratio of arterial to venous intracranial blood. Conditions that alter cerebral blood flow, such as acute changes in Paco
2, may decrease accuracy. We assessed the performance of two commercial cerebral oximeters across a range of oxygen concentrations during normocapnia and hypocapnia.

Methods
Casmed FORE-SIGHT Elite (CAS Medical Systems, Inc., USA) and Covidien INVOS 5100C (Covidien, USA) oximeter sensors were placed on 12 healthy volunteers. The fractional inspired oxygen tension was varied to achieve seven steady-state levels including hypoxic and hyperoxic Pao
2 values. ScO2 and simultaneous arterial and jugular venous blood gas measurements were obtained with both normocapnia and hypocapnia. Oximeter bias was calculated as the difference between the ScO2 and reference saturation using manufacturer-specified weighting ratios from the arterial and venous samples.

Results
FORE-SIGHT Elite bias was greater during hypocapnia as compared with normocapnia (4 ± 9% vs. 0 ± 6%; P < 0.001). The INVOS 5100C bias was also lower during normocapnia (5 ± 15% vs. 3 ± 12%; P = 0.01). Hypocapnia resulted in a significant decrease in mixed venous oxygen saturation and mixed venous oxygen tension, as well as increased oxygen extraction across fractional inspired oxygen tension levels (P < 0.0001). Bias increased significantly with increasing oxygen extraction (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions
Changes in Paco
2 affect cerebral oximeter accuracy, and increased bias occurs with hypocapnia. Decreased accuracy may represent an incorrect assumption of a static arterial–venous blood fraction. Understanding cerebral oximetry limitations is especially important in patients at risk for hypoxia-induced brain injury, where Paco
2 may be purposefully altered.
Ten-Year Incidence of High-Energy Geriatric Trauma at a Level 1 Trauma Center
Authors: Lowe Jason A. , Pearson Jeffrey , Leslie Michael , Griffin Russell 
Published: October 2017

Objectives:
To examine the characteristics of high-energy geriatric trauma over time.

Design:
Retrospective chart review.

Setting:
Level 1 trauma center.

Patients:
Demographic, injury, and clinical characteristics were compared between 34,017 patients with geriatric and nongeriatric high-energy trauma from 2005 to 2014 using t test, χ2 analysis, and negative binomial regression for annual trend in injuries.

Results:
Geriatric high-energy trauma composed 11.2% of all trauma activations. Patients with geriatric high-energy trauma nearly doubled from the study period of 2005–2014 to previous 10 years (P = 0.0004). Compared with patients with nongeriatric trauma, geriatric high-energy traumas were twice as likely to be due to a fall from height (P < 0.0001), had higher Injury Severity Scores (P < 0.0001), fewer abdominal injuries (P = 0.0011), and have head trauma (P < 0.0001). Fracture patterns were similar between groups. Mortality was higher for all geriatric patients (odds ratio [OR], 4.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.00–5.67), and high-energy mechanisms (OR, 4.71; 95% CI, 3.90–5.68) compared with low-energy mechanisms (OR, 3.00; 95% CI, 2.48–3.62).

Conclusion:
The number of geriatric high-energy traumas has doubled over 10 years. Patients with geriatric trauma are sicker on presentation, based on the Injury Severity Score, and high-energy geriatrics have a 4-fold increase in mortality.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
School Dropout and Associated Factors Among Omani Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mirza Hassan , Roberts Emmert , AL-Belushi Mohammed , AL-Salti Humaid , AL-Hosni Amira , Jeyaseelan Lakshmanan , AL-Adawi Samir 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Despite the rising incidence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), there is a dearth of studies examining the rate of school dropout and its correlates in non-Western populations.

Methods:
Medical records were scrutinized to identify Omani children diagnosed with ADHD from 2006 to 2014 in a tertiary care hospital in Oman. The persistence of ADHD symptoms, school performance and dropout, as well as sociodemographic characteristics were examined.

Results:
Three hundred sixty-seven children fulfilled the diagnosis of ADHD based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition) (DSM-IV) criteria and 16.6% of them had dropped out of school. School dropout was associated with poor school performance, comorbid conduct disorder, and parental divorce.

Conclusion:
This study from Oman concurs with existing literature that school dropout is common among children with ADHD. Concerted efforts are needed to mitigate this trend. Management strategies should incorporate the treatment of comorbid conduct disorder.
Intracochlear Measurements of Interaural Time and Level Differences Conveyed by Bilateral Bone Conduction Systems
Authors: Farrell Nyssa F. , Banakis Hartl Renee M. , Benichoux Victor , Brown Andrew D. , Cass Stephen P. , Tollin Daniel J. 
Published: October 2017

Hypothesis:
Intracochlear pressures (PIC) and stapes velocity (Vstap) elicited by bilaterally placed bone-anchored hearing devices (BAHD) will be systematically modulated by imposed interaural time (ITD) and level differences (ILD), demonstrating the potential for users of bilateral BAHD to access these binaural cues.

Background:
BAHD are traditionally implanted unilaterally under the assumption that transcranial cross-talk limits interaural differences. Recent studies have demonstrated improvements in binaural and spatial performance with bilateral BAHD; however, objective measures of binaural cues from bilateral BAHDs are lacking.

Methods:
Bone-conduction transducers were coupled to both mastoids of cadaveric specimens via implanted titanium abutments. PIC and Vstap were measured using intracochlear pressure probes and laser Doppler vibrometry, respectively, during stimulation with pure-tone stimuli of varied frequency (250–4000 Hz) under ipsilateral, contralateral, and bilateral ITD (−1 to 1 ms) and ILD (−20 to 20 dB) conditions.

Results:
Bilateral stimulation produced constructive and destructive interference patterns that varied dramatically with ITD and stimulus frequency. Variation of ITD led to large variation of PIC and Vstap, with opposing effects in ipsilateral and contralateral ears expected to lead to “ITD to ILD conversion.” Variation of ILD produced more straightforward (monotonic) variations of PIC and Vstap, with ipsilateral-favoring ILD producing higher PIC and Vstap than contralateral-favoring.

Conclusion:
Variation of ITDs and ILDs conveyed by BAHDs systematically modulated cochlear inputs. While transcranial cross-talk leads to complex interactions that depend on cue type and stimulus frequency, binaural disparities potentiate binaural benefit, providing a basis for improved sound localization and speech-in-noise perception.
Value of T1-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Cholesteatoma Detection
Authors: Fukuda Atsushi , Morita Shinya , Harada Taisuke , Fujiwara Keishi , Hoshino Kimiko , Nakamaru Yuji , Homma Akihiro 
Published: October 2017

Objective:
To reveal the usefulness of T1-weighted (T1W) imaging on diagnostic magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for cholesteatoma.

Study Design:
A retrospective case review.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Patients:
Fifty-three patients (57 ears) suspected to have cholesteatomas and treated (6–82 yr of age).

Intervention:
Preoperative MR imaging, including non-echo planar (non-EP) diffusion-weighted (DW) and T1W imaging.

Main Outcome Measures:
Primary outcome measures included the comparison between the diagnostic accuracy for the detection of cholesteatomas using non-EP DW imaging alone (criterion 1) and non-EP DW imaging along with T1W imaging (criterion 2). Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated in each case by comparing MR imaging with surgical findings. Secondary outcome measures included the comparison of the rates of cases showing a high T1W signal between cholesteatomas and noncholesteatomas which showed a high non-EP DW signal.

Results:
The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy according to criterion 1 were 93.5, 63.6, and 87.7% and those according to criterion 2 were 89.1, 100, and 91.2%, respectively. Of 43 cholesteatoma cases indicating a high non-EP DW signal, only 2 cases showed a high T1W signal (5%). On the other hand, all four noncholesteatoma cases indicating high non-EP DW signal showed a high T1W signal (100%), and these rates were significantly different (p < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Our results suggest that T1W imaging may aid in the exclusion of false-positive cases on diagnostic non-EP DW MR imaging for cholesteatomas. A combination of non-EP DW and T1W imaging may improve the specificity and accuracy compared with non-EP DW imaging alone.
A Randomized Control Trial of Cardiopulmonary Feedback Devices and Their Impact on Infant Chest Compression Quality
Authors: Austin Andrea L. , Spalding Carmen N. , Landa Katrina N. , Myer Brian R. , Cure Donald , Smith Jason E. , Platt Gerald , King Heather C. 
Published: October 2017

Objectives
In effort to improve chest compression quality among health care providers, numerous feedback devices have been developed. Few studies, however, have focused on the use of cardiopulmonary resuscitation feedback devices for infants and children. This study evaluated the quality of chest compressions with standard team-leader coaching, a metronome (MetroTimer by ONYX Apps), and visual feedback (SkillGuide Cardiopulmonary Feedback Device) during simulated infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Methods
Seventy voluntary health care providers who had recently completed Pediatric Advanced Life Support or Basic Life Support courses were randomized to perform simulated infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation into 1 of 3 groups: team-leader coaching alone (control), coaching plus metronome, or coaching plus SkillGuide for 2 minutes continuously. Rate, depth, and frequency of complete recoil during cardiopulmonary resuscitation were recorded by the Laerdal SimPad device for each participant. American Heart Association–approved compression techniques were randomized to either 2-finger or encircling thumbs.

Results
The metronome was associated with more ideal compression rate than visual feedback or coaching alone (104/min vs 112/min and 113/min; P = 0.003, 0.019). Visual feedback was associated with more ideal depth than auditory (41 mm vs 38.9; P = 0.03). There were no significant differences in complete recoil between groups. Secondary outcomes of compression technique revealed a difference of 1 mm. Subgroup analysis of male versus female showed no difference in mean number of compressions (221.76 vs 219.79; P = 0.72), mean compression depth (40.47 vs 39.25; P = 0.09), or rate of complete release (70.27% vs 64.96%; P = 0.54).

Conclusions
In the adult literature, feedback devices often show an increase in quality of chest compressions. Although more studies are needed, this study did not demonstrate a clinically significant improvement in chest compressions with the addition of a metronome or visual feedback device, no clinically significant difference in Pediatric Advanced Life Support–approved compression technique, and no difference between compression quality between genders.