bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the impacts on health outcomes of Welsh Government funded schemes designed to improve the energy efficiency of the homes of low income households.
Authors: Morrison-Rees Sian , Lowe Sarah , Heaven Martin 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundLiving in a cold and/or damp house is known to increase the risk of morbidity, mortality and excess winter deaths. To reduce fuel poverty and its adverse health effects in Wales the Welsh Government developed programmes to improve the energy efficiency of homes. These included the Home Energy Efficiency Scheme (HEES) and subsequent Warm Homes NEST scheme. Both schemes supported those most likely to be affected by fuel poverty, including low income and vulnerable households from 2000 to 2015. The energy efficiency measures provided included insulation and heating upgrades, such as a more efficient boiler.
AimThe overall aim of the project is to evaluate the health impacts of Welsh Government funded schemes designed to improve the energy efficiency of the homes of low income households through the use of existing data (HEES and NEST linked to the routine health records held in the SAIL Databank at Swansea University).
MethodsA longitudinal dataset was created using the anonymised residential dwelling that has received home energy efficiency improvements linked to a summary of their health measures (hospital admissions, reason for the admission, GP prescriptions and clinical diagnoses).
Cohorts will be constructed of people who have already received the intervention to compare those who have not yet received the intervention but who went on to receive it two years later. We will use a stepped wedge design to construct an intervention and control cohort for each year of the study period. We will apply statistical techniques to conduct difference in difference (DID) estimations. This will allow us to compare any changes in the health of people before and after the intervention with any concurrent change in health in those who may require, but have yet to receive, the intervention.
ResultsWe anticipate concluding the analysis in June in order for the results to inform the redesign of the successor scheme to Warm Homes NEST, due to be consulted on during 2016 and in place from April 2017. Our results will compare specific interventions for their impacts on health. We will show whether particular population groups e.g. those suffering from particular health condition, gain particular benefit from interventions.
ConclusionOur findings have the potential to inform more effectively focussed home energy efficiency schemes in order to reduce the numbers of people living in fuel poverty and thus improve the health and wellbeing of people living in Wales.
The Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System: The Benefits and Challenges of a Distributed Model for National Disease Surveillance
Authors: Lix Lisa , Reimer Kim 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
ObjectivesThe Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) established the Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System (CCDSS) in 2009 to facilitate national estimates of chronic disease prevalence, incidence, and health outcomes. The CCDSS uses population-based linked health administrative databases from all provinces/territories (P/Ts) and a distributed analytic protocol to produce standardized disease estimates. Our purpose is to describe the process, benefits, and challenges of implementing a distributed model for disease surveillance across thirteen jurisdictions with unique healthcare databases.
ApproachThe CCDSS is founded on deterministic linkage of three administrative health databases in each Canadian P/T: health insurance registration files, physician billing claims, and hospital discharge abstracts. Disease case definitions are developed by expert Working Groups after literature reviews are completed and validation studies are undertaken. Feasibility studies are initiated in selected P/Ts to identify challenges when implementing the disease case definitions. Analytic code developed by PHAC is then distributed to all P/Ts. Data quality surveys are routinely conducted to identify database characteristics that may bias disease estimates over time or across P/Ts or affect implementation of the analytic code. The summary data produced in each P/T are approved by Scientific Committee and Technical Committee members and then submitted to PHAC for further analysis and reporting.
ResultsNational surveillance or feasibility studies are currently ongoing for diabetes, hypertension, selected mental illnesses, chronic respiratory diseases, heart disease, neurological conditions, musculoskeletal conditions, and stroke. The advantages of the distributed analytic protocol are: (a) changes in methodology can be easily made, and (b) technical expertise to implement the methodology is not required in each P/T. Challenges in the use of the distributed analytic protocol are: (a) heterogeneity in healthcare databases across P/Ts and over time, (b) the requirement that each P/T use the minimum set of data elements common to all jurisdictions when producing disease estimates, and (c) balancing disclosure guidelines to ensure data confidentiality with comprehensive reporting. Additional challenges, which include incomplete data capture for some databases and poor measurement validity of disease diagnosis codes for some chronic conditions, must be continually addressed to ensure the scientific rigor of the CCDSS methodology.
ConclusionsThe CCDSS distributed analytic protocol offers one model for national chronic disease surveillance that has been successfully implemented and sustained by PHAC and its P/T partners. Many lessons have been learned about national chronic disease surveillance involving jurisdictions that are heterogeneous with respect to healthcare databases, expertise, and population characteristics.
Maternal socioeconomic status and infant mortality with low birth weight as a mediator: an inter-country comparison between Scotland and Denmark using administrative data
Authors: Yu Yongfu , Verfuerden Maximiliane , Hardelid Pia , Zylbersztejn Ania , Liew Zeyan , Olsen Jørn , Gilbert Ruth , Li Jiong , Fu Bo 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
ObjectivesHigher rates of infant mortality in the UK than in the Nordic countries are partly explained by wider socio-economic disparities in the UK. We examined the extent to which low birth weight mediates the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and infant mortality using causal mediation analysis. We used cohorts of live births identified in administrative hospital data for the whole of Scotland and Denmark to explore the contribution of prenatal factors, represented by low birth weight, to differences in infant mortality between the two countries.
ApproachWe included live-born children born in Denmark (n=1,432,205) and Scotland (n=1,427,163) from 1981-2004. Follow up was to 12 months of age. Information on deaths in first year of life was obtained through linkage with cause of death registers. We determined the effect of socioeconomic status on all cause infant mortality by comparing the highest and lowest quintiles of area-based deprivation (based on Carstairs score in Scotland) or level of maternal education in Denmark. Causal mediation analysis was used for survival outcomes with adjustment for maternal age at birth, sex, birth year of the child, and records indicating congenital malformation.
ResultsDuring the follow-up, there were 8,158(0.57%) deaths in Denmark and 8,271(0.58%) deaths in Scotland. Comparing with the very high SES group, the overall hazard ratios of death for each SES quintile (starting with the lowest) compared with the highest SES quintile were 1.58(95% Confidence interval: 1.47-1.71), 1.40(1.32-1.49),1.25(1.20-1.30), 1.11(1.09-1.14) in Denmark, and 1.50(1.36-1.65),1.35(1.25-1.45),1.22(1.16-1.28),1.10(1.08-1.13) in Scotland. The proportions of excess infant deaths mediated through low birth weight (starting with the lowest) compared with the highest SES quintile were 54.7%, 52.1%, 49.5%, 46.9% in Denmark, and 26.0%, 23.9%, 22.0%, 20.1% in Scotland.
ConclusionOur result suggests that SES has similar effects on infant mortality in Denmark and Scotland but more of the effect of SES on infant mortality is mediated through low birth weight in Denmark. Public health preventive strategies for infant mortality in both countries need to address prenatal risk factors for low birth weight. The substantial direct effects of SES on infant mortality seen in Scotland, which were not mediated through low birth weight, may be explained by other birth characteristics or could reflect persisting SES disparities in the care of infants after birth.
Using linked records to improve National estimates of hospital admissions for coronary heart disease (CHD)
Authors: Lopez Derrick , Nedkoff Lee , Hobbs Michael , Briffa Tom , Preen David , Heyworth Jane , Sanfilippo Frank 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectivesNational statistics for hospital admissions for acute CHD based on unlinked administrative data are inflated because of inter/intra-hospital transfers or related readmissions for further investigations or procedures. Our objective was to estimate the inflation of CHD inpatient counts using multiple approaches based initially on Western Australian data that can be applied to future National studies.
ApproachWe used a linked hospital morbidity dataset from the Western Australian Data Linkage System to determine hospitalisations for each CHD subcategory from 1990-2010. Transfers were defined as contiguous admissions separated by ≤1 day. Episodes-of-care (EOC) were defined as admissions (with/without transfers) that were within 28 days of the initial CHD admission. As the principal diagnosis may vary between hospitals involved in transfers or admissions within an EOC, we explored four approaches for allocating a diagnosis:i. Hierarchical diagnosis: selection of diagnosis based on clinical severity (ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)>non-STEMI>unstable angina>stable angina>other CHD>chest pain); ii. Hospital hierarchy: diagnosis based on highest hospital level (tertiary>private>other metropolitan non-tertiary>rural);iii/iv. Temporal order of diagnosis: diagnosis based on first or last record in transfer/EOC.
ResultsThe proportion of cases that were transferred varied according to disease severity and time: 13% (1990) to 27% (2010) for STEMI; 5% to 7% for stable angina and unchanged at 4% for chest pain. Compared to transfer-level data using the first approach, unlinked data overestimated STEMI counts by 3% (1990) to 11% (2010), stable angina by 3% to 5% and chest pain by 6% to 6%. Similarly for EOC-level data, the overestimates were 5% (1990) to 12% (2010) for STEMI, 13% to 19% for stable angina and 20% to 14% for chest pain. The four approaches for allocating a diagnosis produced differing counts with the difference being larger for more clinically severe diagnoses than for less clinically severe diagnoses. For example, using transfer-level data, the differences between approaches i and iv in 2010 were 12%, 2% and 1% for STEMI, stable angina and chest pain respectively.
ConclusionThere is a potential to overestimate counts of CHD in inpatient data if transfers and readmissions are not taken into account, and this inaccuracy can differ across disease subcategories and approach used. This has important implications where higher disease severity, such as myocardial infarction, is an indicator of population health. Transfer- or EOC-level data are more likely to reflect true CHD hospitalisation counts than unlinked-level data, and are more appropriate for epidemiological studies of CHD rates.
The impact of social care expenditure at the end of life: a novel linkage study in Scotland
Authors: Geue Claudia , Wu Olivia , Quinn Terry J , Leyland Alastair , Lewsey Jim 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundAnalyses of inpatient care admissions have shown that population ageing does not lead to an increase in future healthcare expenditure to the extent that might be expected and that remaining time to death (TTD) is an equally important cost element. But as people live longer and the onset of disease and death are postponed to older ages the utilisation of social care services is another major cost component for elderly people, in particular those with chronic diseases. However, there is a distinct lack of social care data in Scotland to estimate the impact of population ageing and TTD on social care expenditure.
ObjectivesThis study aims to estimate the utilisation and associated costs of inpatient and home care services among end-of-life patients. It will also determine the feasibility of undertaking the linkage of home care service utilisation data, inpatient care episodes and death records.
MethodsNHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde (NHSGGC) social home care data (Cordia), Scottish Morbidity Records (SMR01) and death records (National Records for Scotland, NRS) will be utilised in order to estimate utilisation and costs for home care services and inpatient care at the end of life. The ‘Cordia’ data is available for the period September 2013 to November 2013 and includes information on the type, duration and frequency of home care services utilised. Costs will be assigned using ‘Personal Social Services Research Unit’ (PSSRU) costs. Using multilevel modelling techniques the association between TTD, age, demographic and socio-economic measures and expenditure on home care services will be estimated, while allowing the effect of covariates to vary over hierarchical levels, such as episode of care and the patient.
Expected OutcomesThe wider literature suggests that contrary to inpatient care, costs at the end of life for the oldest old might be higher when considering elements of social care provision. The ‘Cordia’ data consists of 7,367 individuals with 1,620 observed deaths. Further results are forthcoming and findings will significantly add to the knowledge base in the area of population ageing and related health- and social care expenditure. This is a novel linkage and given the difficulties in obtaining social care data, this study will i) help to evaluate the feasibility of using these data for research, and ii) identify where costs at the end of life occur, thus facilitating more targeted approaches to end-of-life care.
Investigación preliminar de la influencia del tratamiento térmico y tiempo de almacenamiento sobre el aroma de habas (Vicia faba)
Authors: Ramos-Díaz José , Suvanto Sonja , Forsten Elina , Seppa Laila 
Published: April 2017

Haba (Vicia faba) es una leguminosa disponible en Finlandia que se utiliza en la alimentación humana y animal debido a su alto contenido de proteína y fibra. A diferencia de otras legumbres, poco se sabe acerca de las sustancias volátiles que se producen durante el almacenamiento y los descriptores de aroma asociados a las mismas. durante el almacenamiento y los descriptores de aroma asociados a las mismas. Las suspensiones fueron elaboradas en base a harina de habas. Muestras fueron sometidas a tratamiento térmico (T) y mantenidas sin tratamiento térmico (ST). Estas fueron almacenadas a 4 ° C durante 0, 7 y 14 días. Los panelistas que participaron en el estudio sensorial fueron ocho mujeres (n = 8) entre 25 y 55 años de edad. Las sesiones de entrenamiento alentaron a la obtención de los descriptores aromáticos vinculados al haba: ‘guisantes frescos’, ‘rancio’, ‘amargo’, ‘herboso’, ‘levadura’ y la intensidad total. El análisis sensorial se llevó a cabo por duplicado con una recesión de 30 minutos en el medio. También se analizaron las suspensiones de habas (T y ST) para compuestos volátiles utilizando SPME-GC-MS. Los resultados indicaron que la intensidad total, levadura, amargo y rancio aumentó durante almacenamiento prolongado, independientemente del tratamiento térmico. En contraste, el aroma a guisante fresco y herboso parecían alcanzar un pico en el almacenamiento 7mo día. Los resultados estadísticos sugirieron que el tratamiento térmico tuvo un efecto mucho menor en el desarrollo del aroma que el tiempo de almacenamiento. El análisis de compuestos volátiles mostró que 2-butanona-3-hidroxi y 3-metil-1-butanol tenían las áreas de los picos más prominentes al 7mo y 14vo día de almacenamiento (especialmente para ST). Muestras T y ST se asociaron a casi los mismos compuestos volátiles hasta el 7mo día, y después se vincularon a distintos compuestos al final del almacenamiento. Se cree que los aromas a guisante fresco y herboso están fuertemente asociados a cetonas presentes en muestras T, y muestras ST al 7mo día de almacenamiento, mientras que rancio, amargo y levadura están más asociados a los alcoholes y cetonas presentes en las muestras ST al 14vo día de almacenamiento.Palabras clave: habas, aroma, compuestos volátiles, almacenamiento, cromatografía de gases
O Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação Científica para o Ensino Médio (PIBIC-EM): a política pública, a ciência e a cidadania
Authors: Silva Larissa Reducino , Assis Ana Elisa Spaolonzi Queiroz 
Published: April 2017

Por meio do presente artigo, socializamos resultado de pesquisa cujo objetivo foi o de analisar a organização do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação Científica para o Ensino Médio (PIBIC-EM) na Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) e a sua contribuição para a formação crítica dos estudantes do nível médio das escolas públicas no que diz respeito à ciência e a cidadania. A pesquisa, de caráter exploratório, foi realizada por meio de análise bibliográfica e documental – valendo-se dos materiais produzidos nos projetos desenvolvidos no Laboratório de Políticas Públicas e Planejamento Educacional (LaPPlanE) – discutindo o programa e a sua contribuição para a efetivação de um diálogo entre a Educação Básica e o Ensino Superior. O texto introduz o contexto nacional e local do Programa, para então apresentar os conceitos de ciência e de cidadania assumidos na pesquisa, bem como as atividades desenvolvidas nos projetos, e a partir daí estabelece uma relação dialógica entre essas atividades e a abordagem teórica, finalizando com algumas considerações vinculadas aos resultados da pesquisa, dos quais podemos destacar mudança significativa na forma como os alunos bolsistas entendem a ciência e se reconhecem como sujeitos de direito. Palavras-chave: Iniciação Científica. Ensino Médio. Cidadania.
Planos Municipais de Educação - perfil dos Municípios que não possuíam Plano Municipal de Educação no segundo ano de vigência da Lei N. 13.005/14
Authors: Nascimento Gilvânia Da Conceição , Grossi Junior Geraldo , Pereira Jhonata Moreira 
Published: April 2017

Em 2009 a elaboração do PNE passou a ser uma exigência constitucional. Com as deliberações da Conferência Nacional de Educação/2010, o Governo apresentou o PL 8025/2010. Depois de tramitar por aproximadamente quatro anos no Congresso Nacional foi sanciona a Lei N. 13.005/2014. Em seu artigo oitavo determina que todos os entes federativos deveriam instituir seus planos de educação no prazo de um ano após a publicação do PNE. Houve um esforço do Ministério da Educação juntamente com a Undime e o Consed, criando a Rede de Assistência Técnica para Elaboração ou Adequação dos Planos de Educação, visando assessorar os estados, o Distrito Federal e os municípios para cumprirem esta determinação legal. A fim de prestar o melhor suporte aos entes federativos, três meios de orientação foram constituídos: organização em rede, documentos orientadores e portal eletrônico de acesso à informação. Esta pesquisa, teve como recorte somente os 49 municípios que não cumpriram a determinação legal e buscou estabelecer um perfil destes, a partir de características comuns, visando identificar os motivos que levaram ao descumprimento do preceito legal. Para esta análise, foram estabelecidas as seguintes variáveis: população; IDHM; partido político da administração municipal; e, visão dos coordenadores estaduais da rede de Assistência Técnica da SASE/MEC. Os dados analisados nos permitiram identificar que embora não exista um perfil comum para estes municípios, existem pontos de convergência que ajudam a compreender as dificuldades dos municípios para o planejamento municipal de longo prazo. Palavras-chave: Planos de Educação. Regime de Colaboração. Perfil de Municípios.
Narrativas da tradição oral kujubiniana: memória, identidade e cultura
Authors: Vegini Valdir , Vegini Rebecca Louize 
Published: April 2017

O artigo tem como objeto o acervo parcial de narrativas ancestrais do povo Kujubim e por objetivo divulgar, ainda que parcialmente, as tradições (costumes, crenças etc.) remanescentes na memória de alguns informantes na esperança de que essas tradições sejam revivificadas e perpetuadas. Para fundamentar o trabalho, os autores apoiam-se, principalmente, nos estudos que tratam da memória (individual, coletiva e histórica) e sua propriedade formadora de identidade (individual e coletiva), da tradição oral e da produção de narrativas. E após uma breve caracterização étnica do povo Kujubim, os autores apresentam a transcrição de nove relatos (com adaptação próxima ao português-brasileiro padrão escrito) produzidos por esses informantes durante a realização da Assembleia do Povo Kujubim ocorrida no salão paroquial da Igreja Católica de Costa Marques em dezembro de 2013. O acervo cultural é constituído das seguintes narrativas: "Reencontrando o caminho de casa", "A caça, o beiju e o fogo na aldeia", "A rotina na aldeia", "Pintura no corpo: guerra e festa", "O pai da mata", "A mãe d'água", "A cidade debaixo do rio Guaporé", "Três caçadores e os mistérios da mata", "O Mapinguari". Palavras-chave: Povo Kujubim. Memória. Tradição Oral.
Relationships between the timing of budburst, plant traits, and distribution of 24 coexisting woody species in a warm‐temperate forest in Japan
Authors: Osada Noriyuki 
Published: April 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Timing of budburst (DBB) may be related to the functional traits and distributions of woody species in temperate regions. Although many previous studies have investigated DBB in a number of temperate species, it has seldom been linked to multiple plant trait relationships.METHODS:DBB and plant traits were investigated for 24 woody species for 2 years in a warm‐temperate secondary forest in Japan. Particular attention was paid to differences in trait relationships between coexisting deciduous and evergreen broad‐leaved species.KEY RESULTS:DBB was correlated with plant traits in deciduous but not evergreen broad‐leaved species; DBB was later for deciduous species with greater leaf mass, leaf area, vessel diameter, and leaf nitrogen content per unit mass. In addition, DBB was later for species with more northern distributions in deciduous and evergreen species.CONCLUSIONS:Clear differences in the trait relationships between deciduous and evergreen broad‐leaved species might be caused by different selection pressures on DBB; selection is expected to be more severe in deciduous species. Overall, the continuous variable of vessel diameter might be used as a simple and effective trait to predict DBB of deciduous species regardless of wood anatomy; however, no such traits were detected as effective predictors of DBB in evergreen species at this study site. In addition, DBB was earlier for the species of more southern distributions, suggesting that such species benefit more from warming.