bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of a Collaborative Problem‐Solving Approach on an Inpatient Adolescent Psychiatric Unit
Authors: Ercole‐Fricke Eugenia , Fritz Paul , Hill Linda E. , Snelders Jill 
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVEEffects of collaborative problem‐solving (CPS) approaches on an inpatient adolescent psychiatric unit were investigated during this study, modeling Dr. Ross Greene's CPS theory, which considers that cognitive deficits are associated with adolescent behavioral dysfunction; his research, treatment, and subsequent results on similar units were notably successful.PROBLEMThe staff viewed prestudy, negative behavior modification and resultant punitive consequences as culturally acceptable. New York State's Office of Mental Health (OMH) disapproved these strategies, necessitating cultural transformation and alteration of routine responses to patients’ maladaptive behaviors.METHODThe study incorporates quantitative, comparative, quasi‐experimental design, utilizing retrospective staff surveys and hospital medical records to compare behavioral outcomes and staff perceptions during pre‐ and post‐training phases of this 5‐year study.RESULTSA significant decrease in punitive strategies and techniques (p = .001), reduction in behaviors related to the need for restraints, and significant decline in self‐inflicted injury (p = .005), length of stay (p = .001), and need for security staff involvement (p = .001) were noted.
Mitochondrial toxicity and caspase activation in HIV pregnant women
Authors: Hernandez Sandra , Moren Constanza , Catalán‐García Marc , Lopez Marta , Guitart‐Mampel Mariona , Coll Oriol , Garcia Laura , Milisenda Jose , Justamante Angela , Gatell Josep Maria , Cardellach Francesc , Gratacos Eduard , Miro Òscar , Garrabou Gloria 
Published: September 2016

AbstractTo assess the impact of HIV‐infection and highly active anti‐retroviral treatment in mitochondria and apoptotic activation of caspases during pregnancy and their association with adverse perinatal outcome. Changes of mitochondrial parameters and apoptotic caspase activation in maternal peripheral blood mononuclear cells were compared at first trimester of pregnancy and delivery in 27 HIV‐infected and ‐treated pregnant women versus 24 uninfected pregnant controls. We correlated immunovirological, therapeutic and perinatal outcome with experimental findings: mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content, mitochondrial protein synthesis, mitochondrial function and apoptotic caspase activation. The HIV pregnancies showed increased adverse perinatal outcome (OR: 4.81 [1.14–20.16]; P < 0.05) and decreased mtDNA content (42.66 ± 5.94%, P < 0.01) compared to controls, even higher in naïve participants. This depletion caused a correlated decrease in mitochondrial protein synthesis (12.82 ± 5.73%, P < 0.01) and function (20.50 ± 10.14%, P < 0.001), not observed in controls. Along pregnancy, apoptotic caspase‐3 activation increased 63.64 ± 45.45% in controls (P < 0.001) and 100.00 ± 47.37% in HIV‐pregnancies (P < 0.001), in correlation with longer exposure to nucleoside analogues. HIV‐infected women showed increased obstetric problems and declined genetic and functional mitochondrial parameters during pregnancy, especially those firstly exposed to anti‐retrovirals. The apoptotic activation of caspases along pregnancy is emphasized in HIV pregnancies promoted by nucleoside analogues. However, we could not demonstrate direct mitochondrial or apoptotic implication in adverse obstetric outcome probably because of the reduced sample size.
The tight junction gene Claudin‐1 is associated with atopic dermatitis among Ethiopians
Authors: Asad S. , Winge M.C.G. , Wahlgren C.‐F. , Bilcha K.D. , Nordenskjöld M. , Taylan F. , Bradley M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe strong association between epidermal barrier gene variants and Atopic Dermatitis (AD) highlights that impaired skin barrier is a key feature in the pathogenesis of AD. Although the filaggrin (FLG) gene is the major AD risk gene in European and Asian populations, disease‐associated variants remain elusive in African populations.ObjectiveA previous study has reported that variants in the tight junction gene CLDN1 have been associated with AD susceptibility and disease severity in African‐Americans. Our aim was therefore to investigate the association of CLDN1 with AD in the Ethiopian population.MethodsTo investigate how CLDN1 variants may be involved in increasing the risk of AD in the Ethiopian population, we analysed whole exome sequencing (WES) data for all exons in CLDN1, and in addition, assayed four SNPs (rs17501010, rs9290927, rs9290929 and rs893051) which had previously showed association in African‐American AD patients.ResultsNo damaging variants were detected through WES in 22 Ethiopian samples. Genotyping of disease‐associated CLDN1 SNPs in Ethiopian cases and control material showed no overall association. However, significant association was seen for rs893051 in patients who developed AD before the age of 5 years (P < 0.03).
Conclusion
Taken together, we demonstrate that tight junction genes and, in particular, CLDN1 rather than variants in FLG may be involved in the susceptibility of AD in the Ethiopian population.
199 years of Parkinson disease – what have we learned and what is the path to the future?
Authors: Schulz Jörg B. , Hausmann Laura , Hardy John 
Published: September 2016

In 1817, 199 years ago, James Parkinson described for the first time in ‘An Essay on the Shaking Palsy’ the symptoms of the disease that was later named Parkinson Disease. The current special issue of the Journal of Neurochemistry is dedicated to the discoveries and advances that have been made since, leading to a better understanding of this neurodegenerative disease and of potential treatment options. Reputed researchers cover various aspects from neuroanatomical basics; genetic and molecular risk factors such as LRRK2; the available cell and animal models that mimic crucial features of the pathophysiology; to clinical aspects and treatments, including deep brain stimulation.This article is part of a special issue on Parkinson disease.
Virtual endocast of the early Oligocene Cedromus wilsoni (Cedromurinae) and brain evolution in squirrels
Authors: Bertrand Ornella C. , Amador‐Mughal Farrah , Silcox Mary T. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractExtant squirrels exhibit extensive variation in brain size and shape, but published endocranial data for living squirrels are limited, and no study has ever examined brain evolution in Sciuridae from the perspective of the fossil record to understand how this diversity emerged. We describe the first virtual endocast for a fossil sciurid, Cedromus wilsoni, which is known from a complete cranium from Wyoming (Orellan, Oligocene), and make comparisons to a diverse sample of virtual endocasts for living sciurids (N = 20). The virtual endocasts were obtained from high‐resolution X‐ray micro‐computed tomography data. Comparisons were also made with endocasts of extinct ischyromyid rodents, the most primitive rodents known from an endocranial record, which provide the opportunity to study the neuroanatomical changes occurring near the base of Sciuridae. The encephalization quotient of C. wilsoni is higher than that of Ischyromys typus from the same epoch, and falls within the range of modern terrestrial squirrel variation, but below the range of extant scansorial, arboreal and gliding sciurids when using cheek–tooth area for the estimation of body mass. In a principal components analysis, the shape of the endocast of C. wilsoni is found to be intermediate between that of primitive fossil taxa and the modern sample. Cedromus wilsoni has a more expanded neocortical surface area, especially the caudal region of the cerebrum, compared with ischyromyid rodents. Furthermore, C. wilsoni had proportionally larger paraflocculi and a more complex cerebellar morphology compared with ischyromyid rodents. These neurological differences may be associated with improvements in vision, although it is worth noting that the size of the parts of the brain most directly involved with vision [the rostral (superior) colliculi and the primary visual cortex] cannot be directly assessed on endocasts. The changes observed could also relate to balance and limb coordination. Ultimately, the available evidence suggests that early squirrels were more agile and visually oriented animals compared with more primitive rodents, which may relate to the process of becoming arboreal. Extant sciurids have an even more expanded neocortical surface area, while exhibiting proportionally smaller paraflocculi, compared with C. wilsoni. This suggests that the neocortex may continue increasing in size in more recent sciurid rodents in relation to other factors than arboreality. Despite the fact that both Primates and Rodentia exhibit neocortical expansion through time, since the adoption of arboreality preceded major increases in the neocortex in Primates, those neurological changes may be related to different ecological factors, underlining the complexity of the inter‐relationship between time and ecology in shaping the brain in even closely related clades.
Temporal Trends in Geographic and Sociodemographic Disparities in Colorectal Cancer Among Medicare Patients, 1973‐2010
Authors: Liang Peter S. , Mayer Jonathan D. , Wakefield Jon , Ko Cynthia W. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPurposeColorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality in the United States have steadily declined since the 1980s, but racial and socioeconomic disparities remain. The influence of geographic factors is poorly understood and may be affected by evolving insurance coverage and screening test uptake. We characterized temporal trends in the association between geographic and sociodemographic factors and CRC outcomes.MethodsWe used the 1973‐2010 SEER‐Medicare files to identify patients aged ≥65 years with and without CRC. Beneficiary residential ZIP codes were used to extract local‐level data. We constructed multivariable logistic regression models for CRC incidence and mortality using geographic and sociodemographic variables in 4 time periods: (1) 1973‐1997; (2) 1998‐2001; (3) 2002‐2006; and (4) 2007‐2010.FindingsWe analyzed 1,093,758 records, including 336,321 CRC cases. Compared to urban residence, small rural residence was strongly associated with increased CRC incidence (OR 1.50, 95% CI: 1.43‐1.57) and mortality (OR 1.35, 95% CI: 1.26‐1.45) in 1973‐1997, but the associations diminished by 2007‐2010 (OR 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04‐1.15 for incidence; OR 1.10, 95% CI: 1.01‐1.20 for mortality). The disparity between blacks and whites increased over time for both incidence (OR 1.09, 95% CI: 1.05‐1.13 in 1973‐1997 vs OR 1.32, 95% CI: 1.27‐1.37 in 2007‐2010) and mortality (OR 1.22, 95% CI: 1.16‐1.28 in 1973‐1997 vs OR 1.34, 95% CI: 1.26‐1.42 in 2007‐2010). High socioeconomic status was associated with greater incidence and mortality in 1973‐1997, but it became protective after 1998.ConclusionsAlthough disparities persist among Medicare beneficiaries, the relationship between geographic and sociodemographic factors and CRC incidence and mortality has evolved over time.
Evaluation of Serum Aspergillus‐Specific Immunoglobulin A by Indirect ELISA for Diagnosis of Feline Upper Respiratory Tract Aspergillosis
Authors: Taylor A. , Peters I. , Dhand N.K. , Whitney J. , Johnson L.R. , Beatty J.A. , Barrs V.R. 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundSerological tests for diagnosis of aspergillosis in immunocompetent humans and animals are based on Aspergillus‐specific IgG (As‐IgG). In humans with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, As‐IgA may be detectable even if IgG titers are negative. Cats with upper respiratory tract aspergillosis (URTA) have detectable As‐IgG, but their ability to mount an IgA response and its diagnostic utility are unknown.ObjectivesTo determine whether serum As‐IgA can be detected in cats with URTA and evaluate its diagnostic utility alone or combined with As‐IgG.AnimalsTwenty‐three cats with URTA (Group 1), 32 cats with other respiratory diseases (Group 2), and 84 nonrespiratory controls (Group 3).MethodsSerum As‐IgA and As‐IgG was measured by indirect ELISA. Optimal cutoff values were determined by receiver‐operating curve analysis. Sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) for URTA diagnosis were determined.ResultsSerum IgA was detected in 91.3% of Group 1 cats. The Se of IgA detection was 78.3% and Sp was 96.9% for Group 2, 85.7% for Group 3 and 88.8% for Group 2 and 3 combined. Assay Se for IgG was 100% and Sp was 92.2%. Using combined IgA and IgG results at cutoffs optimized for Sp for IgA and Se for IgG and combined controls (Groups 2 and 3), Se for diagnosis was 100% and Sp was 91.4%.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceMost cats with URTA have serum As‐IgA antibodies that can be detected by ELISA. Paired measurement of serum As‐IgA and IgG shows no benefit for diagnosis of feline URTA over IgG alone.
Multi‐Temporality: an Analytical Approach to Contemporary Music, Embracing Concepts of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari
Authors: COULEMBIER KLAAS 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTThe specific nature of contemporary music offers specific challenges to the music analyst. The repertoire's great diversity of musical styles and techniques makes it difficult to develop an adequate methodology, since the absence of a common ground impedes the use of a universally applicable system. Using philosophical concepts of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari as a source of inspiration, I aim here at looking for connections between compositions that at first sight seem unrelated. More specifically, a concept of multi‐temporality is used to investigate how the works of the American composer Elliott Carter (1908–2012) and those of the German Claus‐Steffen Mahnkopf (b. 1962) may interact. This study draws on seven analyses to conceptualise multi‐temporality as an analytical tool for the study of contemporary music.
Fecal incontinence in irritable bowel syndrome: Prevalence and associated factors in Swedish and American patients
Authors: Simrén M. , Palsson O. S. , Heymen S. , Bajor A. , Törnblom H. , Whitehead W. E. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundFecal incontinence (FI) is a prevalent but poorly recognized problem in the general population with profound negative effects on daily life. The prevalence of FI in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and its association with clinical, demographic, and pathophysiological factors remain largely unknown.MethodsOne US (n=304) and one Swedish (n=168) patient cohort fulfilling Rome III criteria for IBS completed Rome III diagnostic questions on FI and IBS symptoms, and questionnaires on IBS symptom severity, quality of life, anxiety and depression, and work productivity impairment. The patients also underwent assessments of colorectal sensitivity and motility.Key ResultsFecal incontinence ≥ one day per month was reported by 19.7% (USA) and 13.7% (Sweden) of IBS patients. These proportions rose to 43.4% and 29.8% if patients with less frequent FI were included. Fecal incontinence prevalence was higher in older age groups, with a clear increase above age 40. Irritable bowel syndrome patients with FI reported greater overall IBS symptom severity, more frequent and loose stools, and greater urgency. Negative effects of FI on quality of life, psychological distress, and work productivity were demonstrated. No associations were found between colorectal physiology and FI.Conclusions & InferencesFecal incontinence is common in IBS patients, and similar to previous general population reports, the major risk factors for FI in IBS are older age, rectal urgency, and loose, frequent stools. When IBS patients have comorbid FI, the impact on quality of life, psychological symptoms, and work impairment appears greater.
KNAT3/4/5‐like class 2 KNOX transcription factors are involved in Medicago truncatula symbiotic nodule organ development
Authors: Di Giacomo Elisabetta , Laffont Carole , Sciarra Francesca , Iannelli Maria Adelaide , Frugier Florian , Frugis Giovanna 
Published: September 2016

Summary

We investigated the role of KNOX genes in legume root nodule organogenesis. Class 1 KNOX homeodomain transcription factors (TFs) are involved in plant shoot development and leaf shape diversity. Class 2 KNOX genes are less characterized, even though an antagonistic function relative to class 1 KNOXs was recently proposed.

In silico expression data and further experimental validation identified in the Medicago truncatula model legume three class 2 KNOX genes, belonging to the KNAT3/4/5‐like subclass (Mt KNAT3/4/5‐like), as expressed during nodulation from early stages. RNA interference (RNAi)‐mediated silencing and overexpression studies were used to unravel a function for KNOX TFs in nodule development.

Mt KNAT3/4/5‐like genes encoded four highly homologous proteins showing overlapping expression patterns during nodule organogenesis, suggesting functional redundancy. Simultaneous reduction of Mt KNAT3/4/5‐like genes indeed led to an increased formation of fused nodule organs, and decreased the expression of the MtEFD (Ethylene response Factor required for nodule Differentiation) TF and its direct target MtRR4, a cytokinin response gene.

Class 2 KNOX TFs therefore regulate legume nodule development, potentially through the MtEFD/MtRR4 cytokinin‐related regulatory module, and may control nodule organ boundaries and shape like class 2 KNOX function in leaf development.
Comparative phylogenomics of symbiotic associations
Authors: Delaux Pierre‐Marc 
Published: September 2016

SummaryUnderstanding the genetic bases of complex traits has been a main challenge in biology for decades. Comparative phylogenomics offers an opportunity to identify candidate genes associated with these complex traits. This approach initially developed in prokaryotes consists in looking at shared coevolution between genes and traits. It thus requires a precise reconstruction of the trait evolution, a large genomic sampling in the clades of interest and an accurate definition of orthogroups. Recently, with the growing body of sequenced plant genomes, comparative genomics has been successfully applied to plants to study the widespread arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Here I will use these findings to illustrate the main principles of comparative phylogenomic approaches and propose directions to improve our understanding of symbiotic associations.

Contents

Summary
89

I.
Introduction
89

II.
AM symbiosis in plants: one gain and multiple losses
90

III.
Evolution of AM symbiosis‐related genes
90

IV.
Discovery of new symbiotic genes
91

V.
Future perspectives
92

VI.
Conclusion
93

References
93
Psychosocial interventions to improve mental health in adults with vision impairment: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: van der Aa Hilde P. A. , Margrain Tom H. , van Rens Ger H. M. B. , Heymans Martijn W. , van Nispen Ruth M. A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPurposeTo systematically assess the literature on psychosocial interventions to improve mental health (i.e. depression, anxiety, mental fatigue, loneliness, psychological stress and psychological well‐being) in visually impaired adults (≥18 years).MethodsThe databases Medline, Embase and Psychinfo were searched for relevant studies, which were categorised into randomised controlled trials (RCTs), non‐RCTs and before and after comparisons (BA). The Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool was used to assess study quality. Standardised mean differences (SMD) were calculated to quantitatively summarise the outcomes of the RCTs and non‐RCTs in a meta‐analysis. Meta‐regression was used to explore sources of heterogeneity in the data.ResultsThe search identified 27 papers (published between 1981 and 2015), describing the outcomes of 22 different studies (14 RCTs, four non‐RCTs, and four BAs). Pooled analyses showed that interventions significantly reduced depressive symptoms (SMD −0.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.60 to −0.01), while effects on anxiety symptoms, mental fatigue, psychological stress and psychological well‐being were non‐significant. Meta‐regression analyses showed homogeneity in effect sizes across a range of intervention, population, and study characteristics. Only a higher age of participants was associated with less effective results on depressive symptoms (b = 0.03, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.05), psychological stress (b = 0.07, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.13) and psychological well‐being (b = −0.03, 95% CI −0.05 to 0.01). However, after removing a clear outlier the overall effect on depressive symptoms and the influence of age on depressive symptoms and psychological stress were no longer significant, while the influence of age on psychological well‐being remained.ConclusionsThere is currently only limited evidence for the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions in the field of low vision. More well‐designed trials are needed with specific attention for interventions tailored to the needs of elderly patients.
The retest distribution of the visual field summary index mean deviation is close to normal
Authors: Anderson Andrew J. , Cheng Allan C. Y. , Lau Samantha , Le‐Pham Anne , Liu Victor , Rahman Farahnaz 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPurposeWhen modelling optimum strategies for how best to determine visual field progression in glaucoma, it is commonly assumed that the summary index mean deviation (MD) is normally distributed on repeated testing. Here we tested whether this assumption is correct.MethodsWe obtained 42 reliable 24‐2 Humphrey Field AnalyzerSITAstandard visual fields from one eye of each of five healthy young observers, with the first two fields excluded from analysis. Previous work has shown that althoughMDvariability is higher in glaucoma, the shape of theMDdistribution is similar to that found in normal visual fields. A Shapiro–Wilks test determined any deviation from normality. Kurtosis values for the distributions were also calculated.ResultsData from each observer passed the Shapiro–Wilks normality test. Bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals for kurtosis encompassed the value for a normal distribution in four of five observers. When examined with quantile–quantile plots, distributions were close to normal and showed no consistent deviations across observers.ConclusionsThe retest distribution ofMDis not significantly different from normal in healthy observers, and so is likely also normally distributed – or nearly so – in those with glaucoma. Our results increase our confidence in the results of influential modelling studies where a normal distribution forMDwas assumed.
Hybrid breeding for biomass yield in winter triticale: I. Hybrid performance, trait correlations and heterosis
Authors: Losert Dominik , Maurer Hans Peter , Weissmann Sigrid , Wü rschum Tobias 
Published: September 2016

AbstractTriticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack) holds great potential as a source for biomass production for industrial applications in Central Europe and hybrid breeding in particular appears promising owing to the higher vigour of hybrids compared to lines. In this study, a set of 178 winter triticale genotypes, including 91 hybrids, their 10 male and 23 female parental lines, as well as 54 varieties were evaluated for biomass yield and other agronomically relevant traits in 2 years at five locations in Germany. We observed a large variation of dry biomass yield as well as significant genotypic variances and high heritabilities for all traits. For the hybrids, a moderate correlation was observed between biomass and plant height and between biomass and grain yield. Mid‐parent heterosis of biomass yield ranged from −13.6 to 16.5% with an average of 4.8%, and the maximum commercial heterosis was 9.1%. Taken together, our results illustrate the potential of hybrid breeding of triticale for biomass yield to diversify our portfolio of crops for biomass production.