bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost-effectiveness of Open Reduction and Internal Fixation Compared With Hemiarthroplasty in the Management of Complex Proximal Humerus Fractures
Authors: Thorsness Robert J , Iannuzzi James C , Shields Edward J , Noyes Katia , Voloshin Ilya 
Published: January 2018

Objectives To determine if open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) is more cost-effective than hemiarthroplasty (HA) in the management of proximal humerus fracture. Design Retrospective cohort study with cost-effectiveness analysis. Setting Tertiary referral center in Rochester, NY. Patients/participants The records of 459 consecutive patients in whom a proximal humerus fracture was treated surgically at our institution between the years 2002 and 2012 were studied retrospectively. We identified 30 consecutive patients with a mean follow-up of 60.3 months (13.6–134.5 months) of which 15 patients underwent primary ORIF and another 15 underwent primary HA for the management of head-splitting fracture or fracture-dislocation of the proximal humerus. Intervention HA or ORIF for the management of proximal humerus fracture. Main outcome measurements SF-36 scores were converted to utility weights, and a cost-effectiveness model was designed to evaluated ORIF and HA. Results Given the baseline assumptions, ORIF was slightly more costly but also more effective (0.75 quality-adjusted life years [QALY] vs 0.67 QALY) than HA. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was $5319/QALY for ORIF compared to HA, which is less than the cost-effectiveness standard utilized based on a willingness to pay of $50,000/QALY. Conclusions Compared to HA, ORIF is the more cost-effective approach for the surgical management of complex proximal humerus fractures. These data are limited by patient selection which would impact the relative utility scores. These results suggest that ORIF should be considered the preferable surgical approach given payer and patient perspectives. Level of Evidence: This is a Level III retrospective, cohort therapeutic study.
COMET: a multicomponent home-based disease-management programmeversusroutine care in severe COPD
Authors: Kessler Romain , Casan-Clara Pere , Koehler Dieter , Tognella Silvia , Viejo Jose Luis , Dal Negro Roberto W. , Díaz-Lobato Salvador , Reissig Karina , Rodríguez González-Moro José Miguel , Devouassoux Gilles , Chavaillon Jean-Michel , Botrus Pierre , Arnal Jean-Michel , Ancochea Julio , Bergeron-Lafaurie Anne , De Abajo Carlos , Randerath Winfried J. , Bastian Andreas , Cornelissen Christian G. , Nilius Georg , Texereau Joëlle B. , Bourbeau Jean 
Published: January 2018

The COPD Patient Management European Trial (COMET) investigated the efficacy and safety of a home-based COPD disease management intervention for severe COPD patients.The study was an international open-design clinical trial in COPD patients (forced expiratory volume in 1 s <50% of predicted value) randomised 1:1 to the disease management intervention or to the usual management practices at the study centre. The disease management intervention included a self-management programme, home telemonitoring, care coordination and medical management. The primary end-point was the number of unplanned all-cause hospitalisation days in the intention-to-treat (ITT) population. Secondary end-points included acute care hospitalisation days, BODE (body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnoea and exercise) index and exacerbations. Safety end-points included adverse events and deaths.For the 157 (disease management) and 162 (usual management) patients eligible for ITT analyses, all-cause hospitalisation days per year (mean±sd) were 17.4±35.4 and 22.6±41.8, respectively (mean difference −5.3, 95% CI −13.7 to −3.1; p=0.16). The disease management group had fewer per-protocol acute care hospitalisation days per year (p=0.047), a lower BODE index (p=0.01) and a lower mortality rate (1.9%versus14.2%; p<0.001), with no difference in exacerbation frequency. Patient profiles and hospitalisation practices varied substantially across countries.The COMET disease management intervention did not significantly reduce unplanned all-cause hospitalisation days, but reduced acute care hospitalisation days and mortality in severe COPD patients.
Mental capacity: Different models and their controversies
Authors: Murray Brian Joseph 
Published: January 2018

SummaryModern legislation in the UK addressing the issue of decision-making ability uses tests of mental capacity based on the individual's ability to understand relevant information given to them. Alternative models of mental capacity do exist, but are largely considered defunct. This article reviews these alternative models and considers their importance. Far from being irrelevant to modern views on mental capacity, these models have already been incorporated into legislation such as the Mental Capacity Act 2005. A better understanding of these models can improve clinicians’ understanding of mental capacity in general. Modern controversies such as the impact of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) are discussed and ways in which our understanding of mental capacity may have to change in the future are addressed.LEARNING OBJECTIVES•Appreciate the different ways of considering an individual's mental capacity•Understand the primacy and limitations of the functional test of mental capacity•Use this understanding to manage potential conflicts or disagreements when considering an individual's mental capacity
How evolutionary thinking can help us to understand ADHD
Authors: Swanepoel Annie , Music Graham , Launer John , Reiss Michael J. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryWe argue that current debates about attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can be considered afresh using an evolutionary lens. We show how the symptoms of ADHD can often be considered adaptive to their specific environment. We suggest that, from an evolutionary point of view, ADHD symptoms might be understood to result from an ‘evolutionary mismatch’, in which current environmental demands do not fit with what evolution has prepared us to cope with. For example, in our ancestral environment of evolutionary adaptedness (EEA), children were not expected to sit still and concentrate on academic tasks for many hours a day. Understanding ADHD in terms of such a ‘mismatch’ raises significant issues regarding the management of childhood ADHD, including ethical ones. An approach based on the concept of mismatch could provide an alternative to current debates on whether ADHD results from nature or nurture and whether it is under- or over-diagnosed. It would allow clinicians and policy makers to take both the child and the environment into account and consider what might be desirable and feasible, both in society and for specific children, to lessen the mismatch.LEARNING OBJECTIVES•Grasp the concept of ADHD as an ‘evolutionary mismatch’•Understand the issues raised by this perspective, including ethical ones•Appreciate how a transparent discussion of these issues might inform decisions about management, medication and schooling
The mini-PAT as a multi-source feedback tool for trainees in child and adolescent psychiatry: Assessing whether it is fit for purpose
Authors: Salmon Gill , Pugsley Lesley 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThis paper discusses the research supporting the use of multi-source feedback (MSF) for doctors and describes the mini-Peer Assessment Tool (mini-PAT), the MSF instrument currently used to assess trainees in child and adolescent psychiatry. The relevance of issues raised in the literature about MSF tools in general is examined in relation to trainees in child and adolescent psychiatry as well as the appropriateness of the mini-PAT for this group. Suggestions for change including modifications to existing MSF tools or the development of a specialty-specific MSF instrument are offered.
Mapping the distribution of stem/progenitor cells across the mouse middle ear during homeostasis and inflammation
Authors: Tucker Abigail S. , Dyer Carlene J. , Fons Romero Juan M. , Teshima Tathyane H. N. , Fuchs Jennifer C. , Thompson Hannah 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
The middle ear epithelium is derived from neural crest and endoderm, which line distinct regions of the middle ear cavity. Here, we investigate the distribution of putative stem cell markers in the middle ear, combined with an analysis of the location of label-retaining cells (LRCs) to create a map of the middle ear mucosa. We show that proliferating cells and LRCs were associated with specific regions of the ear epithelium, concentrated in the hypotympanum at the base of the auditory bulla and around the ear drum. Sox2 was widely expressed in the endodermally derived ciliated pseudostratified epithelium of the hypotympanum. This part of the middle ear showed high levels of Wnt activity, as indicated by the expression of Axin2, a readout of Wnt signalling. Keratin 5 showed a more restricted expression within the basal cells of this region, with very little overlap between the Sox2- and keratin 5-positive epithelium, indicating that these genes mark distinct populations. Little expression of Sox2 or keratin 5 was observed in the neural crest-derived middle ear epithelium that lined the promontory, except in cases of otitis media when this epithelium underwent hyperplasia. This study lays the foundation for furthering our understanding of homeostasis and repair in the middle ear.
Behavioural responses to infrasonic particle acceleration in cuttlefish
Authors: Wilson Maria , Haga Jens Ådne Rekkedal , Karlsen Hans Erik 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
Attacks by aquatic predators generate frontal water disturbances characterised by low-frequency gradients in pressure and particle motion. Low-frequency hearing is highly developed in cephalopods. Thus, we examined behavioural responses in juvenile cuttlefish to infrasonic accelerations mimicking main aspects of the hydrodynamic signals created by predators. In the experimental set-up, animals and their surrounding water moved as a unit to minimise lateral line activation and to allow examination of the contribution by the inner ear. Behavioural responses were tested in light versus darkness and after food deprivation following a ‘simulated’ hunting opportunity. At low acceleration levels, colour change threshold at 3, 5 and 9 Hz was 0.028, 0.038 and 0.035 m s−2, respectively. At higher stimulus levels, jet-propulsed escape responses thresholds in daylight were 0.043, 0.065 and 0.069 m s−2 at 3, 5 and 9 Hz, respectively, and not significantly different from the corresponding darkness thresholds of 0.043, 0.071 and 0.064 m s−2. In a simulated hunting mode, escape thresholds were significantly higher at 3 Hz (0.118 m s−2) but not at 9 Hz (0.134 m s−2). Escape responses were directional, and overall followed the direction of the initial particle acceleration, with mean escape angles from 313 to 33 deg for all three experiments. Thus, in the wild, particle acceleration might cause escape responses directed away from striking predators but towards suction-feeding predators. We suggest that cuttlefish jet-propulsed escape behaviour has evolved to be elicited by the early hydrodynamic disturbances generated during predator encounters, and that the inner ear plays an essential role in the acoustic escape responses.
Income and Wealth Effects on Private-Label Demand: Evidence from the Great Recession
Authors: Dubé Jean-Pierre , Hitsch Günter J. , Rossi Peter E. 
Published: January 2018

We measure the causal effects of income and wealth on the demand for private-label products. Prior research suggests that these effects are large and, in particular, that private-label demand rises during recessions. Our empirical analysis is based on a comprehensive household-level transactions database matched with price information from store-level scanner data and wealth data based on local house value indices. The Great Recession provides a key source of the variation in our data, showing a large and geographically diverse impact on household incomes over time. We estimate income and wealth effects using “within” variation of income, at the household level, and wealth, at the zip code level. Our estimates can be interpreted as income and wealth effects consistent with a consumer demand model based on utility maximization. We establish a precisely measured negative effect of income on private-label shares. The effect of wealth is negative but not precisely measured. However, the estimated effect sizes are small, by contrast to prior academic work and industry views. An examination of the possible supply-side response to the recession shows only small changes in the relative price of national-brand and private-label products. Our estimates also reveal a large positive trend in private-label shares that predates the Great Recession. We examine some possible factors underlying this trend, but find no evidence that it is systematically related to specific private-label quality tiers or to the overall rate of private-label versus national-brand product introductions. Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2017.1047 .
Should medical entrepreneurship be included in the undergraduate curriculum? A literature review
Authors: Ahmad Haroon , Akram Noreen 
Published: January 2018

Aims: To assess whether medical entrepreneurship should be included within the undergraduate medical curriculum. Background: Medical graduates are clearly proficient as both educators and scholars. UK based education programmes promote traits including critical thinking, problem solving and lifelong learning, however, it is difficult to overlook the lack of entrepreneurial spirit. Entrepreneurship has been explored within academic surgery, but is lacking in undergraduate settings. At a time when NHS resources are dwindling and the capacity of healthcare professionals (HCP) to provide efficient patient care is limited, is it appropriate to foster innovative traits and entrepreneurial spirit within medical students? Methods: Bibliographical databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, NICE Evidence and Cochrane) were screened, which identified three primary studies that met the inclusion criteria. Findings: The studies explored medical entrepreneurship in the healthcare environment and the implementation in the undergraduate curriculum. The findings were largely positive, stating benefits of innovation in medical research and the potential for health start-ups to tackle key health issues. However, potential risks such as detraction from clinical practise and profit-making motives were also highlighted. Delivering medical entrepreneurship in the undergraduate curriculum was explored but there was no objective assessment. Conclusion: There is a clear scope for medical entrepreneurship both in the healthcare environment and the undergraduate curriculum. However, more objective research is required assessing the implementation of medical entrepreneurship, before definitive conclusions can be made.
Mad Practices and Mobilities Bringing Voices to Digital Ethnography
Authors: Baylosis Cherry 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
There is a claim that digital media technologies can give voice to the voiceless (Alper 2017). As Couldry (2008) points out it is now commonplace for people - who have never done so before - to tell, share and exchange stories within, and through digital media. Additionally, the affordances of mobile media technologies allow people to speak, virtually anytime and anywhere, while the new internet based media sees that these processes converge to allow stories, information, ideas and discourses to circulate through communicative spaces, and into the daily lives of people (Sheller/Urry 2006). The purpose of this paper is to discuss a methodological framework that can be used to examine the extent that digital media practices can enable voice. My focus is on people ascribed the status of mental illness - people who have had an enduring history of silencing and oppression (Parr 2008). I propose theories of mobilities, and practice, to critically examine voice in practices related to digital media. In doing this, I advocate for digital ethnographic methods to engage these concepts, and to examine the potential of voice in digital mobile media. Specifically, I outline ethnographic methods involving the use of video (re)enactments of digital practices, and the use of reflective interviews to examine every day routines and movements in and around digital media (Pink 2012). I propose that observing and reflecting on such activities can generate insights into the significance these activities have in giving voice to those who are normally unheard.
Farmer’s Household Economy working on conflict areas in The Meru Betiri National Park
Authors: Purwanto Purwanto , Cahyono Sigit Andy , Lastiantoro Casimerus Yudi , Haryanti Nana 
Published: January 2018

Forest land conflict in Meru Betiri National Park is considered as one of the kind of land conflicts in the forest conservation of Indonesia. The conflict has been taking place between MBNP and the people who live around the forest area (Wonoasri, Sanenrejo, Andongrejo, Curahnongko, and Kandangan) since 1998. The purpose of this research is to know the history of land conflict in Meru Betiri National Park and the impact of land rehabilitation on farmer's income This study was conducted in 2016. Qualitative research was conducted to obtain the historical information of MBNP land conflict and the survey was done to collect data of contribution of cultivation activities in the rehabilitation land (conflict area) on the income of farmers. The forest land conflict took place due to the vacant authority of the central government in 1998 which spread to the local government, so the government is not able to control the illegal harvesting of forest resources and forest area encroachment conducted by the public. In 1999, the local politicians of Indonesian Democratic Party proposed to the Ministry of Forestry in order the conflicted area of MBNP can be cultivated by the people around the area. In 2000, The Forestry Minister issued regulations stated that the assigned land is a rehabilitation zone. The rehabilitation zone must be planted with Multiple Purposes Tree Species (MPTS) and seasonal crops by using agroforestry system. The purpose of MPTS planting is for reforestation and the seasonal crops plantation is addressed for increasing the income of the farmers. After implementing the program for 15 years, the income generated from the rehabilitation land only Rp. 3,517,100,- (US $ 1 = Rp. 13,400,-) per year or 14,49% of the total income of the farmers. The income from the rehabilitation land contributed as the third source of incomes b esides the non land-based sources of income and the income from migrated remittance.
Possibilities of Increasing the Antioxidant Properties of Garlic Plants (Allium sativum, L.)
Authors: Ştefîrţă Anastasia A. , Botnari Vasile F. , Brânză Lilia M. , Bulhac Ion I. , Coropceanu Eduard B. , Bourosh Paulina N. , Chilinciuc Alexei I. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The effect of some selenium-containing compounds on the antioxidant properties of Allium sativum L. plants is shown in the present work. Pre-treatment of bulbs before planting and foliar treatment during plant growth with gibberellin solution (125 mg · L−1); potassium selenate (36 μg Se·L−1) and a new cobalt(III) coordinative compound (33 μg Se·L−1) resulted in the increase of the concentration of proline and assimilating pigments, reduced peroxide oxidation of lipids, enhanced antioxidant cell protection. The greatest effect was observed in plants pre-treated with the new coordinative compound, “Fludisec”, manifested by an increase of antioxidant properties of leaves and bulbs, optimization of growth process and productivity. X-ray analysis of monocrystal demonstrated that Fludisec is a coordination compound of ionic type tetrafluoroborate-[bis(dimethylglyoximato)-(selenocarbamide)1.4-(selenium-seleno-carbamide)0.5-(selenium-selenium)0.1cobalt(III)] with chemical formula [Co(DmgH)2(Seu)1,4(Se-Seu)0.5(Se-Se)0.1][BF4].
Behaviour of Epoxy Silica Nanocomposites Under Static and Creep Loading
Authors: Constantinescu Dan Mihai , Picu Radu Catalin , Sandu Marin , Apostol Dragos Alexandru , Sandu Adriana , Baciu Florin 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Specific manufacturing technologies were applied for the fabrication of epoxy-based nanocomposites with silica nanoparticles. For dispersing the fillers in the epoxy resin special equipment such as a shear mixer and a high energy sonicator with temperature control were used. Both functionalized and unfunctionalized silica nanoparticles were added in three epoxy resins. The considered filling fraction was in most cases 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 wt%.. The obtained nanocomposites were subjected to monotonic uniaxial and creep loading at room temperature. The static mechanical properties were not significantly improved regardless the filler percentage and type of epoxy resin. Under creep loading, by increasing the stress level, the nanocomposite with 0.1 wt% silica creeps less than all other materials. Also the creep rate is reduced by adding silica nanofillers.
Photoelastic Analysis of Cracked Thick Walled Cylinders
Authors: Pastramă Ştefan Dan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this paper, the experimental determination of the stress intensity factor in thick walled cylinders subject to uniform internal pressure and having longitudinal non-penetrating cracks is presented. Photoelastic measurements were used together with the expressions of the stress field near the crack tip for Mode I crack extension and a specific methodology for stress intensity factor determination. Two types of longitudinal cracks - internal and external - were considered. Four plane models were manufactured and analyzed in a plane polariscope at different values of the applied internal pressure. The values of the normalized stress intensity factor were calculated and the results were compared to those reported by other authors. A good accuracy was noticed, showing the reliability of the experimental procedure.
Warrantless Arrest Laws for Domestic Violence: How Are Youth Affected?
Authors: Dasgupta Kabir , Pacheco Gail 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This study empirically examines the impact of warrantless arrest laws (designed to deter domestic violence) on multiple youth outcomes. Utilizing variation in the timing of implementation of the laws across states, and employing a difference in differences framework, we examine both the direct and indirect impacts on youth in the United States. There appears to be no significant direct link between warrantless arrest laws and domestic violence-related homicides. However, on the indirect front, we do find strong evidence that implementation of the arrest laws results in a drop in the probability of youth experiencing suicidal ideation. This analysis also accounts for important heterogeneities in laws across states, and our findings are robust to multiple sensitivity checks, aimed at addressing key threats to identification.