bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conformational dynamics of human protein kinase CK2α and its effect on function and inhibition
Authors: Srivastava Ashutosh , Hirota Tsuyoshi , Irle Stephan , Tama Florence 
Published: December 2017

AbstractProtein kinase, casein kinase II (CK2), is ubiquitously expressed and highly conserved protein kinase that shows constitutive activity. It phosphorylates a diverse set of proteins and plays crucial role in several cellular processes. The catalytic subunit of this enzyme (CK2α) shows remarkable flexibility as evidenced in numerous crystal structures determined till now. Here, using analysis of multiple crystal structures and long timescale molecular dynamics simulations, we explore the conformational flexibility of CK2α. The enzyme shows considerably higher flexibility in the solution as compared to that observed in crystal structure ensemble. Multiple conformations of hinge region, located near the active site, were observed during the dynamics. We further observed that among these multiple conformations, the most populated conformational state was inadequately represented in the crystal structure ensemble. The catalytic spine, was found to be less dismantled in this state as compared to the “open” hinge/αD state crystal structures. The comparison of dynamics in unbound (Apo) state and inhibitor (CX4945) bound state exhibits inhibitor induced suppression in the overall dynamics of the enzyme. This is especially true for functionally important glycine‐rich loop above the active site. Together, this work gives novel insights into the dynamics of CK2α in solution and relates it to the function. This work also explains the effect of inhibitor on the dynamics of CK2α and paves way for development of better inhibitors.
Finite‐time stability and stabilization of semi‐Markovian jump systems with time delay
Authors: Li Zhicheng , Li Ming , Xu Yinliang , Huang Hong , Misra Satyajayant 
Published: December 2017

SummarySemi‐Markovian jump systems are more general than Markovian jump systems in modeling practical systems. On the other hand, the finite‐time stochastic stability is also more effective than stochastic stability in practical systems. This paper focuses on the finite‐time stochastic stability, exponential stochastic stability, and stabilization of semi‐Markovian jump systems with time‐varying delay. First, a new stability condition is presented to guarantee the finite‐time stochastic stability of the system by using a new Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional combined with Wirtinger‐based integral inequality. Second, the stability criterion is further proved to guarantee the exponential stochastic stability of the system. Moreover, a controller design method is also presented according to the stability criterion. Finally, an example is provided to illustrate that the proposed stability condition is less conservative than other existing results. Additionally, we use the proposed method to design a controller for a load frequency control system to illustrate the effectiveness of the method in a practical system of the proposed method.
Error identities for variational problems with obstacles
Authors: Repin S. , Valdman J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe paper is devoted to analysis of a class of nonlinear free boundary problems that are usually solved by variational methods based on primal, dual or primal‐dual variational settings. We deduce and investigate special relations (error identities). They show that a certain nonlinear measure of the distance to the exact solution (specific for each problem) is equivalent to the respective duality gap, whose minimization is the keystone of all variational numerical methods. Therefore, the identity actually sets the measure that contains maximal quantitative information on the quality of a numerical solution available through these methods. The measure has quadratic terms generated by the linear part of the differential operator and nonlinear terms associated with the free boundary. We obtain fully computable two sided bounds of this measure and show that they provide efficient estimates of the distance between the minimizer and any function (approximation) from the corresponding energy space. Several computational examples show that for different minimization sequences the balance between the quadratic and the nonlinear terms of the overall error measure may be different and essential contribution of nonlinear terms may serve as an indicator that the free boundaries are approximated very roughly.
Factoring economic costs into conservation planning may not improve agreement over priorities for protection
Authors: Armsworth Paul R. , Jackson Heather B. , Cho Seong-Hoon , Clark Melissa , Fargione Joseph E. , Iacona Gwenllian D. , Kim Taeyoung , Larson Eric R. , Minney Thomas , Sutton Nathan A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractConservation organizations must redouble efforts to protect habitat given continuing biodiversity declines. Prioritization of future areas for protection is hampered by disagreements over what the ecological targets of conservation should be. Here we test the claim that such disagreements will become less important as conservation moves away from prioritizing areas for protection based only on ecological considerations and accounts for varying costs of protection using return-on-investment (ROI) methods. We combine a simulation approach with a case study of forests in the eastern United States, paying particular attention to how covariation between ecological benefits and economic costs influences agreement levels. For many conservation goals, agreement over spatial priorities improves with ROI methods. However, we also show that a reliance on ROI-based prioritization can sometimes exacerbate disagreements over priorities. As such, accounting for costs in conservation planning does not enable society to sidestep careful consideration of the ecological goals of conservation.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control on Potatoes, 1993
Authors: Linduska James J. , Ross Marylee , McShane Nancy 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Kennebec’ potatoes were planted in 20 foot rows on 8 Apr, ’93. Plots consisted of 5 treatment rows. The distance between rows was 64 inches and the distance between plants within the row was 10 inches. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk “ A ” loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 1.5 gallons of water and applied with a custom built compressed air row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by 6 drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/acre at 28 psi. Treatments of Admire, Novodor and Vydate were applied 21 May; 2, 9, 16 Jun. Plots receiving Trigard 75WP were treated 21 May at .250 lb Al/acre and 2, 14 Jun at .125 lb Al/acre. Plots receiving Trigard, Novodor, and Vydate were treated with Vydate 2L at 0.75 lb Al/acre on 22 Jun to control Colorado potato beetle adults. In evaluating the treatments, direct counts of the number of Colorado potato beetle adults, larvae and egg mass/ 10 plants and the % defoliation were recorded. Defoliation categories were assigned using a pretransformed defoliation rating scale, based on dividing 90° into 13 steps corresponding to arcsin transformation values (Little & Hill 1978). Yields were taken on 28 Jul from 20 feet of row.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control on Potatoes, 1993
Authors: Linduska James J. , Ross Marylee , McShane Nancy 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Kennebec’ potatoes were planted in 20 foot rows on 8 Apr, ’93. Plots consisted of a single treatment row. The distance between rows was 64 inches and the distance between plants within the row was 10 inches. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk “ A ” loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 1.5 gallons of water and applied with a custom built compressed air row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by 6 drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/ acre at 28 psi. Treatments were applied 21, 27 May; 2, 9, 14, 16, and 22 Jun. Trigard treatments were applied 21 May; 2 and 14 Jun. Novodor was applied 21 and 27 May. These same plots were treated with Kryocide thereafter on 2, 9, 14 and 16 Jun. Plots were treated with Vydate 2L 0.75 lb AI/ acre on 22 Jun to control Colorado potato beetle adults. In evaluating the treatments, direct counts of the number of Colorado potato beetle adults, larvae and egg mass/10 plants and the % defoliation were recorded. Defoliation categories were assigned using a pretransformed defoliation rating scale, based on dividing 90° into 13 steps corresponding to arcsin transformation values (Little & Hill 1978). Yields were taken on 28 Jul from 20 feet of row.
Effects of Butacide on Control of Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm with Ammo, 1993
Authors: Martin S. H. , Graves J. B. , White C. A. , Leonard B. R. , Clay P. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Butacide 8 EC was evaluated for its effect on the control of BW and TBW in combination with Ammo 2.5 EC at the Macon Ridge Branch of the Northeast Research Station near Winnsboro, LA in irrigated cotton planted 1 Jul. The test consisted of a RBD with 4 replications of 3 row (1.02 m centers) × 9.1 m plots. The test was treated on 2, 6 and 10 Sep. All treatments were applied with a tractor mounted boom and compressed air delivery system. Treatments in the test were applied with the spray boom calibrated to deliver 56.1 liters/ha at 2.1 kg/cm2 through 2, TX-8 nozzles equally spaced per row. The test was evaluated on 6, 10 and 16 Sep. Treatments were evaluated by visually examining 50 randomly picked squares per plot for damage and live BW and TBW larvae. The plots received 0.4 cm rainfall on 12 Sep and 1.3 cm rainfall on 13 Sep.
Evaluation of Spray Termination Date Relative to Node Above White Flower, Verona, Ms, 1993
Authors: Reed Jack T. , Jackson C. S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cotton was planted 24 May. Plots were 8 rows wide × 40 ft long with 38 inch row spacing. Six rows plus the middles of the outside rows were sprayed at 5 gpa with a high clearance spray tractor equipped with a compressed air system with TX4 nozzles spaced at 19 inches. A RCBD with 4 replications was used. Treatments were untreated (treatment 1), or sprayed only 1, 2, 3, or 4 times (treatments 2-5 respectively) on a weekly basis beginning on 16 Aug so that the effect of terminating spraying at weekly intervals could be evaluated. Applications were applied to all plots except the untreated plots or the plots terminated after the previous treatment date. Application dates were 16, 20 and 26 Aug and 1 Sep. Insecticides used were Asana XL at 0.04 lb (AI)/acre (16 and 20 Aug applications) and Karate IE (26 Aug and 1 Sep applications). All plots were oversprayed with Guthion 2L on 20 and 26 Aug for control of boll weevils. Yield was determined by picking the center 2 rows in each plot with a mechanical picker on 19 Oct (first picking) and 12 Nov (second picking). The cotton was drought stressed and at the time the node counts were begun with the cotton already below 5 nodes above white flower (NAWF). Heavy rains were received between 1 and 8 Aug which improved conditions and increased NAWF. Insect counts and damage were recorded on 20 and 26 Aug and 1 Sep by examining 25 terminals and 25 squares per plot.
Tobacco Hornworm and Tobacco Budworm Control on Tobacco with Bacillus Thuringiensis, 1993
Authors: Semtner Paul J. , Wilkinson III William B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was conducted at the VPI and SU Southern Piedmont Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Blackstone, VA, to evaluate THW and TBW control on flue-cured tobacco with Orthene, Lannate and various formulations and rates of Bacillus thuringiensis. Tobacco was transplanted into experimental plots, 8 × 40 ft (2 rows × 24 plants) on 12 May. Ten treatments were established in a RCBD with 4 replications. Foliar treatments were applied on 9 Jul using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 27 gpa at 60 psi through 3 TX-10 nozzles/row. TBW and THW were reared on artificial diet in the laboratory for 7 d and released in the 1st and 2nd rows of each plot, respectively. One larva was released on each of 20 plants/plot on 6 Jul. THW and TBW were counted on 3, 7, and 14 DAT. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and significantly different means were separated by DMRT. TBW and THW data were transformed to square root (x + 1) before ANOVA.
Control of Black Cutworm on Creeping Bentgrass at the Valentine Turfgrass Research Center. University Park, Pa, 1993
Authors: Heller P. R. , Walker R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Treatment plots were 10 × 8 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 4 times. Dursban formulations were applied by using a CO2 sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on an 8 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and delivering 1.146 gal/1,000 ft2 (347 ml/80 ft2) Insecticidal soap and combination insecticidal soap plus Dursban treatments were applied by using a compressed air sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJei nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and delivering 1.145 gal/1,000 ft2. At treatment time (16 Jul), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 69°F; soil temperature at I inch depth, 72°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 64°F; RH, 62%; amount of thatch. 0.125 inches; soil type, sandy loam; soil particle size analysis: 72.0% sand, 20.0% silt, 8.0% clay; soil moisture (oven baked), 14.2%; organic mattei. 2.8%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.4; and clear skies. The area was irrigated with 0.08 inches of water 7.5 h after treatment. The total number of fresh active cutworm feeding holes observed on the surface of each replicate (80 ft2) were recorded on 20 Jul and 22 Jul.
Control of Japanese Beetle Larvae on a Golf Course Fairway in Medina County, Ohio, 1993
Authors: Power K. T. , Shetlar D. J. , Niemczyk H. D. , Belcher M. G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The study was located on a golf course fairway at Seville, Ohio. Insecticides were applied 1 Sep to plots 8 × 10 ft (2.4 × 3.1 m) arranged in a randomized complete block, replicated 4 times. Liquids were applied using a CO2 sprayer with Teejet XR8006VS nozzles at 35 psi (2.46 kg/cm2) pressure that delivered a volume of 1 gal/1000 ft2 (407 liter/ha). The experimental area was irrigated approximately V&gt; in (6 mm) after all treatments were applied but before sprays had dried on the grass blades. Environmental conditions at time of treatment were as follows. JB: ca. 215/m2, 60% 2nd and 40% 3rd instars. Turf: slight slope &lt;5° dew, 1 in (2.5 cm) height, 65% Bentgrass, 30% annual bluegrass, 5% other grasses. Thatch: dense, moist, 5/s in (1.6 cm) Soil: moist, 73°F at 1 in (2.5 cm) and 72°F at 3 in (7.6 cm). Weather: cloudy and light rain, 74°F, 0 mph. Water: pH 5.1. Efficacy data taken 5 Oct (35 DAT) were based on the number of live JB larvae in six 7 × 7 in (17.8 × 17.8 cm) square samples from each plot.
Evaluation to Manage Annual Bluegrass Weevil on a Golf Course Fairway with Conventional and Experimental Formulations in Bedford County, Pennsylvania, 1993
Authors: Heller P. R. , Walker R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The fairway consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (70%) and Kentucky bluegrass (30%). Treatment plots were 9 × 6 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 4 times. Liquid formulations were applied with a CO2 compressed air sprayer with four 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and delivering 5 gal/1000 ft2. At treatment time (13 May), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 64°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 68°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 64°F; RH, 55%; amount of thatch, 0.0625-0.125 inches; soil type, silt loam; soil particle size analysis: 33.0% sand, 55.0% silt, 12.0% clay; soil moisture (oven baked), 31.2%; organic matter, 5.0%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 5.8; and skies were overcast. Immediately after treatment, each replicate was irrigated with 0.06 inches of water. Posttreatment counts were made 32 DAT (14 Jun). Annual bluegrass weevil control was evaluated by removing four 0.087 ft2 sod samples from each replicate, and the total number of annual bluegrass larvae were recorded and converted to a ft2 count. Sod samples were removed with a 4 inch diam cup cutter.
Full Season Control of Japanese Beetle Grubs with Ntn, 1992
Authors: Swier Stanley R. , Weaver John S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
An experiment was conducted to determine the efficacy of two formulations of NTN for full season control of JB grubs. The experimental site was a golf course fairway rough in Amherst, NH. The trial consisted of 10 × 10 ft plots, in an RCB design, replicated 4 times. The liquid formulation was applied in a watering can at a rate of 5 gal/1000 ft2. The granular formulation was applied with a homemade salt shaker type applicator. Plots received 0.5 inch of irrigation after application. Conditions at the time of application were: soil temperature, 1 inch, 81.1°F; 2 inches, 77.9°F; thatch, 0.75 inch; pH 5.6; texture, silt loam, sand 46%, silt 50%, clay 4%; soil moisture; 15%; OM, 10.1%. Treatments were applied 20 May and rated 28 Sep. Plots were rated by counting the number of live JB grubs per 2.25 ft2.
Evaluation of Steinernema Glaseri for Control of White Grubs on a Golf Course Fairway in West Virginia, 1993
Authors: Weaver Joseph E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two tests were conducted. One test consisted of small plots 8 × 8 ft with a 3 ft buffer zone between plots, replicated 4 times in an RCB design. The other test was a larger plot (V4 acre) unreplicated trial applied by the superintendent with a Cushman sprayer (total volume of spray applied was 45 gal). Both tests were applied to the same fairway with the small and large plot areas separated by a 30 ft buffer zone. Treatments were applied 15 Sep. Environmental conditions were: air temperature, 20.5°C; RH, 81%; clear and calm; soil temperature, 24°C (1 inch), 22°C (2 inch), 21°C (surface); pH, 5.15; organic matter, 7.84%; soil dry to slightly moist; soil type, silt loam; thatch layer, Vt to % inches (compressed). Total precipitation during the trial period was 6.10 inches. Treatments on small plots were applied between 0825 and 0850 h; the large plot was sprayed at 0935 h. In the small plot trial, plots were pre-irrigated with 3 liters of water, nematodes were then applied with a sprinkler can in 2 liters of water then irrigated with 3 liters immediately after application. The large plot area was not pre-irrigated. Both the small and large plot areas were irrigated post-treatment beginning about 1000 h with about % inch of water by the course irrigation system. Pretreatment population counts (15 Sep) averaged 23.1 larvae/ft2 (89.5% Japanese beetle and 10.5% northern masked chafer). Plots were sampled with a cup changer (4.25 inches diam.) to a depth of 2-3 inches (4 samples per plot on small plots; 10 samples in treated area and 5 samples in untreated buffer zone for the large plot area).
Preventive Control of Annual White Grubs on a Golf Course Fairway, 1993
Authors: Baxendale F. P. , Kalisch J. A. , Gaussoin R. E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The study was conducted in Lincoln, NE on a perennial rye golf course fairway. The turf (100% perennial rye) was maintained at a mowing height of 5/s inches and thatch accumulation in the plot area was 0.5 inches finger compressed, 0.25 inches). Field conditions at the time of application were: soil type, silty clay loam; soil organic matter, 3-5%; soil pH, 6-7; water pH, 7.0; soil moisture, near field capacity. Plots were 8 × 8 ft, and the experimental design was a RCB with 5 replications. Insecticide treatments were applied 19 Apr. Liquid insecticides were applied using a CO2 sprayer with an LF-4 tip at 24 psi and delivering 5 gal finished spray/1000 ft2. The granular formulation of Merit was applied with a pre-calibrated Gandy 24H12 spreader. Immediately following applications, the test area was irrigated with approximately 0.5 inches of water. A total of 20.68 inches of rain fell during the post-treatment period. Product efficacy was evaluated 3 Sep (137 days after treatment) by removing from each plot six, 8-inch diameter turf-soil cores (2.1 ft2 total area) to a depth of 3 inches and counting the number of surviving grubs.
Hot-Water Immersion of Chrysanthemum Cuttings, Hawaii, 1992
Authors: Hara A. H. , Hata T. Y. , Hu B. K. S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Phytotoxicity trials were conducted from 29 Oct through 4 Dec 1992. Chrysanthemum tip cuttings (2.5 inch) were immersed in 49°C water from 0 to 10 min at 1-min intervals. Each treatment time consisted of 24 cuttings except 0 and 5-min exposure times which consisted of 22 cuttings. Immediately following treatment, all cuttings including the control were cooled in a water bath at ambient temperature (26.1°C) for five minutes. Cuttings were subsequently basal treated with 0.1% indole-3- butyric acid rooting powder (IBA), planted in vermiculite in plastic trays, and kept under mist (13 s mist every 2.5 min) in a fiberglass greenhouse. Eleven days after treatment, data were taken on the percentage of cuttings with roots, mean length of the three longest roots, mean number of roots and mean dry weight of the root mass from 12 cuttings (4 reps of 3 cuttings per rep) selected at random from each time interval. The remaining cuttings were transplanted in 3 inch plastic pots containing a 3:1:1 mixture of peat, vermiculite and perlite; and placed randomly on a bench in a fiberglass greenhouse. Data on plant height, and percent survival were taken 36 days after treatment.
Postharvest Insecticidal Dips for Control of Insect Pests on Red Ginger, 1993
Authors: Hata T. Y. , Hara A. H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Efficacy trials were conducted in Sep on infested flowers harvested from a commercial ginger farm in Hilo, HI. Flowers were randomly divided into replicates with 5 flowers each. Each treatment consisted of 4 replicates. Flowers were immersed for 5 min into 5 gal buckets containing 4 gal of insecticide solution (26°C) and gently agitated 10 times, at immersion, at 1.5 min, and again before removal for a total of 30 times. Control flowers for the insecticidal dip were immersed in water following the same procedure as described. After dipping, flowers were held in buckets and allowed to air dry. Treatment efficacy was determined 24 h after treatment by dissecting the terminal leaf sheath and flower bracts. Data were taken on the total number of aphids, mealybugs, ants and scales recovered from the 5 flowers. The criterion for insect mortality was no movement. Due to low populations, the three species of mealybugs were pooled for analysis. The number of aphids, ants, mealybugs, and scales were transformed to Iogl0(x+1) and subjected to ANOVA.
California Citrus Thrips Pesticide Efficacy Trial, 1993
Authors: Morse J. G. , Urena A. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides for the control of citrus thrips were evaluated spring, 1993 in Field 12 (23-yr old Atwood ‘Navel’ oranges) located at the University of California’s Lindcove Field Station near Exeter, California. Pesticides were applied with a Bean hand-sprayer at 500 psi, outside coverage, approximately 200 gal/acre. The field was divided into 4 blocks with one replicate of each treatment allocated randomly within each block; each replicate consisted of four trees (except one replicate in treatment 7 consisted of three trees). Citrus thrips fruit scarring evaluations were taken in August, 1993 on all fruit on the exterior of the tree from knee to eye level. Scarring was rated as: (a) none, (b) slight (any citrus thrips scarring), or (c) severe (complete ring scar or extensive surface scarring at a level that would cause downgrading of fruit in a commercial operation). Economic scarring levels in a normal year are approximately 5% severe scars.