bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Patient Care Paradox: An Interprofessional Qualitative Study of Agitated Patient Care in the Emergency Department
Authors: Wong Ambrose Hon‐Wai , Combellick Joan , Wispelwey Beth Ann , Squires Allison , Gang Maureen 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe emergency department (ED) has been recognized as a high‐risk environment for workplace violence. Acutely agitated patients who perpetrate violence against healthcare workers represent a complex care challenge in the ED. Recommendations to improve safety are often based on expert opinion rather than empirical data. In this study we aim to describe the lived experience of staff members caring for this population to provide a broad perspective of ED patient violence. The findings of this study will contribute to the development of a comprehensive framework for ED agitated patient care that will guide safety interventions.MethodsWe conducted uniprofessional focus groups and individual interviews using a phenomenologic approach with emergency medicine resident physicians, ED staff nurses, patient care technicians, and hospital police officers at an urban hospital in New York City. Audio recordings were transcribed and coded for thematic analysis using the constant comparison method.ResultsWe reached theoretical saturation with 31 interprofessional participants. Three broad themes emerged from our analysis: 1) ED healthcare workers provide high‐quality care to a marginalized patient population that concurrently poses safety threats, creating a patient care paradox; 2) teamwork is critical to safely managing this population, but hierarchy and professional silos hinder coordinated care between healthcare professionals; and 3) environmental challenges and systems issues both in and outside the ED exacerbate threats to safety.ConclusionThe experience of ED staff members while caring for agitated patients is complex and multidimensional. We identified issues that coalesced into four tiers of healthcare delivery at the individual, team, environment, and system levels. Future research is needed to determine applicability of our findings across institutions to build a comprehensive framework for ED agitated patient care.
Alcohol‐involved maxillofacial fractures
Authors: Lee K , Olsen J , Sun J , Chandu A 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol‐related facial trauma is an increasingly prominent social problem and health hazard. Interpersonal violence (IPV) is often implicated in these trauma presentations and the facial skeleton frequently targeted. This paper examines the characteristics of admitted patients with alcohol‐related facial fractures.MethodsElectronic data of patients assessed or treated for facial fractures from January 2012 to December 2014 at Western Health was obtained through the Clinical Record Department. Variables analysed include patient age and gender, fracture site(s), alcohol involvement, country of birth, injury mechanism and surgical intervention.ResultsOf 659 patient records analysed, 18% presentations had alcohol involvement. In the alcohol group, 88% were male, 44% in the 20–34 year age group, 41% suffered nasal fractures, 65% presented following IPV and 60% required surgery. Thirty‐seven per cent of patients were non‐Australians. Alcohol involvement was significantly correlated with gender, age group and fracture sites but not with surgical intervention or ethnic origin.ConclusionsA binge drinking culture has contributed to prevalence of alcohol‐related trauma. This study reports alcohol involvement in facial fractures to have high predilection for gender, age group of patients and fracture location. Facial trauma frequently necessitates surgical intervention. Educational programmes should be implemented to raise awareness of this potentially preventable health burden among health providers.
Basal 17‐hydroxyprogesterone cannot accurately predict nonclassical congenital adrenal hyperplasia in children and adolescents
Authors: Bello Rachel , Lebenthal Yael , Lazar Liora , Shalitin Shlomit , Tenenbaum Ariel , Phillip Moshe , de Vries Liat 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimThis study explored whether using the suggested diagnostic serum basal level of 17‐hydroxyprogesterone (6.0 nmol/L) would lead to underdiagnosis of nonclassical congenital adrenal hyperplasia.MethodsWe retrospectively studied 123 patients with nonclassical congenital adrenal hyperplasia, defined as an adrenocorticotropic hormone‐stimulated 17‐hydroxyprogesterone level of more than 45 nmol/L. Of these 13 had basal 17‐hydroxyprogesterone levels of less than 6.0 nmol/L and 110 exceeded that level. The 42 controls had idiopathic premature pubarche. Clinical and laboratory data were reviewed and compared.ResultsThere were no differences between patients with 17‐hydroxyprogesterone levels of <6.0 nmol/L or ≥6.0 nmol/L based on age at presentation, gender, anthropometric measurements, bone age advancement, age at glucocorticoid initiation and hydrocortisone dosage. Patients with basal 17‐hydroxyprogesterone <6.0 nmol/L had significantly lower stimulated 17‐hydroxyprogesterone levels (p = 0.02) and higher stimulated serum cortisol levels (p < 0.008). Children with nonclassical congenital adrenal hyperplasia and premature pubarche were clinically indistinguishable from controls with idiopathic premature pubarche. Androgen levels were significantly higher in the nonclassical congenital adrenal hyperplasia group.ConclusionA basal 17‐hydroxyprogesterone threshold of 6.0 nmol/L was not a sensitive predictive marker for diagnosing nonclassical congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Children whose clinical presentation suggests nonclassical congenital adrenal hyperplasia should undergo diagnostic adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation testing.
Teachers' legitimacy: Effects of justice perception and social comparison processes
Authors: Gouveia‐Pereira Maria , Vala Jorge , Correia Isabel 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundTeachers' legitimacy is central to school functioning. Teachers' justice, whether distributive or procedural, predicts teachers' legitimacy.AimsWhat is still do be found, and constitutes the goal of this paper, is whether unjust treatment by a teacher affects the legitimacy of the teacher differently when the student knows that the teacher was fair to a peer (comparative judgement) or when the student does not have that information (autonomous judgement).SamplesA total of 79 high school students participated in Study 1; 75 high school students participated in Study 2.MethodsTwo experimental studies with a 2 justice valence (just, unjust) × 2 social comparison processes (autonomous judgements, comparative judgements) between‐participants design were conducted. Study 1 addressed distributive justice and Study 2 addressed procedural justice. The dependent variable was teachers' legitimacy.ResultsIn both studies, situations perceived as just led to higher teachers' legitimacy than situations perceived as unjust. For the distributive injustice conditions, teachers' legitimacy was equally lower for autonomous judgement and comparative judgement conditions. For procedural injustice, teachers' legitimacy was lower when the peer was treated justly and the participant was treated unfairly, compared with the condition when the participants did not know how the teacher treated the peer.ConclusionsWe conclude that teachers' injustice affects teachers' legitimacy, but it does it differently according to the social comparisons involved and the type of justice involved. Moreover, these results highlight that social comparisons are an important psychological process and, therefore, they should be taken into account in models of justice.
Jurassic rifting to post‐rift subsidence analysis in the Central High Atlas and its relation to salt diapirism
Authors: Moragas Mar , Vergés Jaume , Saura Eduard , Martín‐Martín Juan‐Diego , Messager Grégoire , Merino‐Tomé Óscar , Suárez‐Ruiz Isabel , Razin Philippe , Grélaud Carine , Malaval Manon , Joussiaume Rémi , Hunt David William 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe subsidence evolution of the Tethyan Moroccan Atlas Basin, presently inverted as the Central High Atlas, is characterized by an Early Jurassic rifting episode, synchronous with salt diapirism of the Triassic evaporite‐bearing rocks. Two contrasting regions of the rift basin – with and without salt diapirism – are examined to assess the effect of salt tectonics in the evolution of subsidence patterns and stratigraphy. The Djebel Bou Dahar platform to basin system, located in the southern margin of the Atlas Basin, shows a Lower Jurassic record of normal faulting and lacks any evidence of salt diapirism. In contrast, the Tazoult ridge and adjacent Amezraï basin, located in the centre of the Atlas Basin, reveals spectacular Early Jurassic diapirism. In addition, we analyse alternative Central High Atlas post‐Middle Jurassic geohistories based on new thermal and burial models (GENEX® 4.0.3 software), constrained by new vitrinite reflectance data from the Amezraï basin. The comparison of the new subsidence curves from the studied areas with published subsidence curves from the Moroccan Atlas, the Saharan Atlas (Algeria) and Tunisian Atlas show that fast subsidence peaks were diachronous along the strike, being younger towards the east from Early–Middle Jurassic to Late Cretaceous. This analysis also evidences a close relationship between these high subsidence rate episodes and salt diapirism.
Development of eosinophilic inflammation is independent of B–T cell interaction in a chronic house dust mite‐driven asthma model
Authors: Vroman H. , Bergen I. M. , Li B. W. S. , van Hulst J. A. C. , Lukkes M. , van Uden D. , Hendriks R. W. , Kool M. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryBackgroundChronic exposure to environmental triggers, such as house dust mite (HDM), drives T helper 2 (Th2) cell‐mediated asthma. Recent evidence has shown that B–T cell interaction, and in particular germinal centre reactions and follicular T helper (Tfh) cells are required for the development of eosinophilic airway inflammation in HDM‐driven models containing a sensitization and challenge phase. Whether B–T cell interactions are essential for pulmonary eosinophilic inflammation following chronic allergen provocation remains unknown.AimsIn this study, we investigated the importance of B–T cell interaction in the development of eosinophilic airway inflammation and pulmonary remodelling in a chronic HDM‐driven asthma model.MethodsWe exposed C57BL/6, Cd40l−/−, and Mb1−/− mice to HDM three times a week for five consecutive weeks.ResultsChronic HDM exposure induced a pronounced eosinophilic allergic airway inflammation in broncho‐alveolar lavage fluid (BALf) and lung tissue, associated with the formation of immunologically active inducible bronchus‐associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT) in the lungs. The absence of B cells or lack of CD40L signalling did not hamper eosinophilic inflammation in the airways, although the number of Tfh and Th2 cells was substantially reduced in the lungs. Importantly, type 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) numbers in BALf and lung were not affected by the absence of B cells or B–T cell interaction. Furthermore, eosinophilic airway inflammation is not sufficient to induce pulmonary remodelling and airway hyperresponsiveness.Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceFrom these findings, we conclude that B–T cell interaction is required for robust Tfh and Th2 cell induction, but not essential for eosinophilic airway inflammation during a chronic HDM‐driven asthma model.
Soft tissue changes and crestal bone loss around platform‐switched implants placed at crestal and subcrestal levels: 36‐month results from a prospective split‐mouth clinical trial
Authors: Al Amri Mohammad D. , Al‐Johany Sulieman S. , Al Baker Abdulaziz M. , Al Rifaiy Mohammad Q. , Abduljabbar Tariq S. , Al‐Kheraif Abdulaziz A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present 36‐month prospective split‐mouth clinical trial was to investigate the peri‐implant soft tissue changes and crestal bone loss (CBL) around delayed loaded platform‐switched implants placed at crestal and subcrestal levels.Material and methodsTwenty‐three individuals with bilaterally missing either mandibular first or second molars were included. The test and control sites were defined as follows: (i) test sites: implants placed 2 mm below the alveolar crest (subcrestal); (ii) control sites: implants placed at bone level (crestal). Forty‐six implants (23 implants in test sites and 23 in control sites) were placed in the center of the healed alveolar ridge in the posterior mandible. Peri‐implant bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD ≥ 4 mm), and CBL was compared at 6, 18, and 36 months of follow‐up. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsSixteen males and seven females with a mean age of 43.5 years (29–50) were included. In the control group (n = 23), the highest mean percentage of sites that showed BOP and PD ≥ 4 mm were at 6 months (7.4% and 1.4%, respectively). In the test group (n = 23), the highest mean percentage of sites that showed BOP and PD ≥ 4 mm were at 6 months (2.4% and 1.2%, respectively). The total amount of CBL around crestal and subcrestal implants after 36 months of loading was 0.45 ± 0.2 and 0.3 ± 0.2 mm, respectively. At all follow‐up intervals, all intragroup and intergroup comparisons showed no significant differences in BOP, PD ≥ 4 mm, and CBL around implants placed at crestal and subcrestal levels.ConclusionUp to 36 months of follow‐up, soft tissue parameters and crestal bone levels can remain equally stable around dental implants placed at crestal and subcrestal levels. The need for long‐term follow‐up clinical trials is also emphasized.
Validation of administrative and clinical case definitions for gestational diabetes mellitus against laboratory results
Authors: Bowker S. L. , Savu A. , Donovan L. E. , Johnson J. A. , Kaul P. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimTo examine the validity of International Classification of Disease, version 10 (ICD‐10) codes for gestational diabetes mellitus in administrative databases (outpatient and inpatient), and in a clinical perinatal database (Alberta Perinatal Health Program), using laboratory data as the ‘gold standard’.MethodsWomen aged 12–54 years with in‐hospital, singleton deliveries between 1 October 2008 and 31 March 2010 in Alberta, Canada were included in the study. A gestational diabetes diagnosis was defined in the laboratory data as ≥2 abnormal values on a 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test or a 50‐g glucose screen ≥10.3 mmol/l.ResultsOf 58 338 pregnancies, 2085 (3.6%) met gestational diabetes criteria based on laboratory data. The gestational diabetes rates in outpatient only, inpatient only, outpatient or inpatient combined, and Alberta Perinatal Health Program databases were 5.2% (3051), 4.8% (2791), 5.8% (3367) and 4.8% (2825), respectively. Although the outpatient or inpatient combined data achieved the highest sensitivity (92%) and specificity (97%), it was associated with a positive predictive value of only 57%. The majority of the false‐positives (78%), however, had one abnormal value on oral glucose tolerance test, corresponding to a diagnosis of impaired glucose tolerance in pregnancy.ConclusionsThe ICD‐10 codes for gestational diabetes in administrative databases, especially when outpatient and inpatient databases are combined, can be used to reliably estimate the burden of the disease at the population level. Because impaired glucose tolerance in pregnancy and gestational diabetes may be managed similarly in clinical practice, impaired glucose tolerance in pregnancy is often coded as gestational diabetes.
Impact of diabetes mellitus on acute outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention in chronic total occlusions: insights from a US multicentre registry
Authors: Martinez‐Parachini J. R. , Karatasakis A. , Karmpaliotis D. , Alaswad K. , Jaffer F. A. , Yeh R. W. , Patel M. , Bahadorani J. , Doing A. , Nguyen‐Trong P.‐K. , Danek B. A. , Karacsonyi J. , Alame A. , Rangan B. V. , Thompson C. A. , Banerjee S. , Brilakis E. S. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimTo examine the impact of diabetes mellitus on procedural outcomes of patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic total occlusion.MethodsWe assessed the impact of diabetes mellitus on the outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic total occlusion among 1308 people who underwent such procedures at 11 US centres between 2012 and 2015.ResultsThe participants’ mean ± sd age was 66 ± 10 years, 84% of the participants were men and 44.6% had diabetes. As compared with participants without diabetes, participants with diabetes were more likely to have undergone coronary artery bypass graft surgery (38 vs 31%; P = 0.006), and to have had previous heart failure (35 vs 22%; P = 0.0001) and peripheral arterial disease (19 vs 13%; P = 0.002). They also had a higher BMI (31 ± 6 kg/m2 vs 29 ± 6 kg/m2; P = 0.001), similar Japanese chronic total occlusion scores (2.6 ± 1.2 vs 2.5 ± 1.2; P = 0.82) and similar final successful crossing technique: antegrade wire escalation (46 vs 47%; P = 0.66), retrograde (30 vs 28%; P = 0.66) and antegrade dissection re‐entry (24 vs 25%; P = 0.66). Technical (91 vs 90%; P = 0.80) and procedural (89 vs 89%; P = 0.93) success was similar in the two groups, as was the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (2.2 vs 2.5%; P = 0.61).ConclusionsIn a contemporary cohort of people undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic total occlusion, nearly one in two (45%) had diabetes mellitus. Procedural success and complication rates were similar in people with and without diabetes.
Novel G6B gene variant causes familial autosomal recessive thrombocytopenia and anemia
Authors: Melhem Motasem , Abu‐Farha Mohamed , Antony Dinu , Madhoun Ashraf Al , Bacchelli Chiara , Alkayal Fadi , AlKhairi Irina , John Sumi , Alomari Mohamad , Beales Phillip L. , Alsmadi Osama 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize the underlying genetic and molecular defects in a consanguineous family with lifelong blood disorder manifested with thrombocytopenia (low platelets count) and anemia.MethodsGenetic linkage analysis, exome sequencing, and functional genomics were carried out to identify and characterize the defective gene.ResultsWe identified a novel truncation mutation (p.C108*) in chromosome 6 open reading frame 25 (C6orf25) gene in this family. We also showed the p.C108* mutation was responsible for destabilizing the encoded truncated G6B protein. Unlike the truncated form, wild‐type G6B expression resulted in enhanced K562 differentiation into megakaryocytes and erythrocytes. C6orf25, also known as G6B, is an effector protein for the key hematopoiesis regulators, Src homology region 2 domain‐containing phosphatases SHP‐1 and SHP‐2.ConclusionG6B seems to act through an autosomal recessive mode of disease transmission in this family and regarded as the gene responsible for the observed hematological disorder. This inference is well supported further by in vivo evidence where similar outcomes were reported from G6b−/− and SHP1/2 DKO mouse models.
Market Risk Disclosures and Investment Efficiency: International Evidence from the Gulf Cooperation Council Financial Firms
Authors: Al‐Hadi Ahmed , Hasan Mostafa Monzur , Taylor Grantley , Hossain Mahmud , Richardson Grant 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis study examines the association between market risk disclosures (MRDs) and the investment efficiency of financial firms from six emerging markets in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region. Based on a sample of 553 firm‐year observations over the 2007–2011 period, we find that MRDs are significantly and negatively associated with both under‐investment and over‐investment and that this association is more pronounced for larger firms. We also find that the association between MRDs and under‐investment is moderated during periods of economic distress such as the Global Financial Crisis of 2008 and that the association between MRDs and over‐investment is magnified during periods of reduced financial distress. Our results are consistent with the idea that MRDs reduce information asymmetry, which ultimately improves investment efficiency. We contribute to the literature in an emerging market context by providing empirical evidence on the association between MRDs and investment efficiency across six emerging GCC capital markets. This study also fills a gap in the literature by providing evidence on the factors affecting the investment efficiency of financial firms.
THE EMPIRICS OF THE MUNICIPAL FISCAL ADJUSTMENT
Authors: Martin‐Rodriguez Maria , Ogawa Hikaru 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe summarize the literature that uses the vector error‐correction model approach to analyze the dynamics of the municipal fiscal adjustment. The international comparison between samples collected from entire countries and specific regions reveals interesting similarities, but also remarkable differences. The main similarities are the fulfillment of the intertemporal budget constraint, the volatility of the budgetary components, and the importance of the intergovernmental transfers as an adjustment instrument. The most remarkable difference is the preponderant role of the own revenues in the USA, probably reflecting the larger fiscal autonomy of US municipalities. In most cases, the large municipalities seem to be more dependent on grants than their small counterparts, although this pattern is broken in Japan. Finally, partial evidence supporting the existence of moral hazard problems and the flypaper effect is provided.
Blood oxygenation of masseter muscle during sustained elevated muscle activity in healthy participants
Authors: Suzuki S. , Castrillon E. E. , Arima T. , Kitagawa Y. , Svensson P. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryMyofascial pain associated with temporomandibular disorders has often been linked to pathological muscle hyperactivity. As a result, localised disturbances of intramuscular blood flow could lead to a lower level of oxygen distribution, hypoxia and microcirculatory changes. To assess haemodynamic changes in the masseter muscle during sustained elevated muscle activity (SEMA). Sixteen healthy participants performed thirty 1‐min bouts of SEMA with intervals of 1‐min ‘rest’ periods between the bouts on a bite force transducer device. The participants completed three sessions with different percentage of their maximal voluntary occlusal bite force (MVOBF): 0% (no task), 10% or 40% MVOBF tasks. The order of the sessions was randomised with 1‐ to 2‐week intervals. Haemodynamic characteristics of the masseter muscle were estimated with use of a laser blood oxygenation monitor. Tissue blood oxygen saturation (StO2) during SEMA was lower than during rest (P < 0·001). The relative changes in total haemoglobin (Total‐Hb) and StO2 were influenced by condition (SEMA and rest) and with interactions between condition and session (0%, 10% and 40% MVOBF tasks). These results suggest that SEMA may lead to hypoxia in the masseter muscle and that the haemodynamic characteristics and muscle symptoms depend on the magnitude of muscle contractions. Overall, the present findings may help to provide better insights into relationships between jaw muscle activity, haemodynamic changes and symptom developments with implications for clinical conditions such as bruxism characterised by different levels of tooth‐grinding and tooth‐clenching muscle activity.