bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Prospective Observational Comparison Between Arm and Wrist Blood Pressure During Scheduled Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Sebbag I. , Massey S.R. , Albert A.Y.K. , Dube A. , Gunka V. , Douglas M.J. 
Published: August 2016

(Anesth Analg. 2015;121:767–775)
Monitoring of both absolute values and clinically significant changes in patient blood pressure (BP) during cesarean delivery (CD) is important for patient welfare. A 20% increase or decrease in BP from baseline normally triggers treatment intervention. Common practice is to take the BP measurement from the upper arm. However, shivering or arm movement during delivery can lead to BP inaccuracies. Studies have shown leg measurements to be ineffective at detecting changes in BP in this patient population, and the forearm/wrist area has been suggested as an alternative as it has less muscle mass and is less prone to movement. In this single-center, prospective, observational study, authors compared upper arm measurements to wrist BP measurements in 49 nonobese pregnant women (older than 19 y) undergoing elective CD under spinal or combined spinal-epidural anesthesia. They hypothesized that change in wrist systolic BP (sBP) would trend with change measured at the same time in the upper arm, with an absolute difference between methods of <±10%.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Abdominal Binders for the Management of Postoperative Pain and Distress After Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Gillier C.M. , Sparks J.R. , Kriner R. , Anasti J.N. 
Published: August 2016

(Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2016;133(2):188–191)
Many patients who have undergone cesarean delivery prefer nonpharmacological interventions, such as abdominal compression devices, for pain management. However, the use of these interventions is currently based on preference with little or no evidence-based supporting data. The authors of the present study thus evaluated the effectiveness of an abdominal binder on managing post-cesarean delivery pain and distress in patients.
Management of a Rare Complication of Epidural Analgesia in an Obese Laterally Positioned Parturient: Catheter Entrapment Next to the Inferior Vena Cava
Authors: Amir A. , Lash V. , Moore A. , Rao P. , Torres C. , Kaufman I. 
Published: August 2016

(Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2015;40(6):726–728)
Although epidural analgesia is an excellent choice for labor, catheters are usually placed without visual confirmation and can be misplaced. Common locations for misplaced epidural catheters include intravascular, subdural, and intrathecal. However, it is possible for them to be misplaced into the retroperitoneum, leading to potentially disastrous results. This paper reports the case of an obese patient who presented with an epidural catheter embedded next to her inferior vena cava.
Cell Phones in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Kirkby Sharon , Biggs Christine 
Published: August 2016

Background:
Infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are more susceptible to infections due to immature immune systems or invasive procedures that compromise protection from bacteria. These infants may stay in the NICU for extended periods of time, are exposed to many caregivers, and may be exposed to other infections. Cell phone use by both family and staff introduce unwanted bacteria into the NICU environment, thereby becoming a threat to this high-risk population.

Purpose:
A quality improvement initiative to evaluate and improve the cleanliness of cell phones used in the NICU.

Methods:
A convenience sample of 18 NICU parents and staff. The participants' cell phones were sampled for bacteria pre- and postcleaning with disinfectant wipes and sent to the microbiology laboratory for a 2-day incubation period. In addition, each participant completed a survey on cell phone cleaning habits.

Results:
Microbial surface contamination was evident on every phone tested before disinfecting. All phones were substantially less contaminated after disinfection.

Implications for Practice:
A standardized cleaning process with a surface disinfectant reduced the amount of germs and potential transmission of nosocomial pathogens within the NICU. The simple exercise illustrated the importance of cell phone hygiene in a high-risk population. The implementation of a simple cleaning process has been an easy and effective way to rid unwanted organisms from this high-risk population.

Implications for Research:
Further research evaluating transmission of nosocomial infections from cell phones would enhance the evidence to establish hospital policies on cleaning devices.
Management of Medicare Part D Prescription Drug Plans and Medication Adherence
Authors: Young Gary J. , Rickles Nathaniel M. , Benzer Justin K. , Dangi Ankit 
Published: August 2016

Background:
Although contractors that offer prescription drug plans through the Medicare Part D program are evaluated in part on enrollees’ medication adherence scores, little evidence addresses contractors’ ability to influence these scores.

Objective:
We used data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and US Census to investigate contractors’ ability to influence their medication adherence scores. In accordance with a conceptual model, we hypothesized that contractors can directly and indirectly influence their medication adherence scores based on how effectively they manage prescription drug benefits for enrollees. We focused on 4 plan management variables: service reliability, stability/accuracy of drug prices, accessibility of prescription drugs, and availability of drug information. We examined indirect effects via enrollees’ satisfaction with the plan.

Research Design:
We conducted a cross-sectional study based on 2012 data for which the contractor was the unit of analysis. We conducted path regression models that accounted for plan type (ie, Medicare Advantage vs. stand alone) and enrollee characteristics.

Results:
Among contractors, enrollee satisfaction scores were positively and significantly associated with medication adherence scores. Two of the 4 plan management variables were observed to have both direct and indirect effects on medication adherence scores: accessibility of prescription drugs and service reliability.

Conclusions:
Our study indicates that Part D contractors do appear to have some level of influence over their medication adherence scores based on how effectively they manage prescription drug benefits for enrollees. Accessibility to prescriptions and better service delivery appear important in this regard and should be explored further in future research.
Clinical Evaluation of 2 Point-of-Care Lateral Flow Tests for the Diagnosis of Syphilis
Authors: Nakku-Joloba Edith , Kiragga Agnes , Mbazira Joshua Kimeze , Kambugu Fred , Jett-Goheen Mary , Ratanshi Rosalind Parkes , Gaydos Charlotte , Manabe Yukari C. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
A diagnostic performance study comparing the only Food and Drug Administration–approved, point-of-care (POC) treponemal test (Syphilis Health Check) and the World Health Organization pre-qualified SD Bioline POC treponemal test against a treponemal hemagglutination test (TPHA) and a sequential algorithm of nontreponemal rapid plasma reagin and TPHA found both POC tests had >85% sensitivity compared with the TPHA and >85% sensitivity and >95% specificity compared with the rapid plasma reagin and TPHA standards.
Cross-sectional Survey of Canadian Pediatric Critical Care Transport
Authors: Kawaguchi Atsushi , Gunz Anna , de Caen Allan 
Published: August 2016

Objectives
This study aimed to better understand the unique aspects of pediatric critical care transport programs across Canada by characterizing the current workforce of each transport program.

Methods
A cross-sectional questionnaire was sent to the 13 medical directors of Canada's pediatric critical care transport teams, and to 2 nonhospital-affiliated transport services. If a children's hospital did not have a dedicated team for pediatric transport, the regional transport team providing this service was identified.

Results
Eight of the 13 pediatric intensive care units surveyed have unit-based pediatric transport teams. The median annual transport volume for the 8 hospital-based teams was 371 (range, 45–2300) with a total of 5686 patients being transported annually. Among patients transported by the 8 teams, 45% (2579 patients) were pediatric patients (older than 28 days and younger than 18 years) and 40% (1022 patients) of the pediatric patients were admitted to the pediatric intensive care units. Eighty-eight percent of the responding teams also transported neonates (older than 28 days), and 38% transported premature infants.
A team composition of registered nurse–respiratory therapist–physician was used by 6/13 teams (75%); however, it accounted for only a small proportion of the transports for most of the teams (median, 2%; range, 2%–100%).
The average transport time from dispatch (from team home site) to arrival at receiving facility was reported by 6 teams, and has a median of 195 minutes (range, 90–360 minutes). The median distance from home site to the farthest referral site in the catchment area was 700 km (range, 15–2500 km).

Conclusions
This is the first Canadian nationwide study of pediatric critical care transport programs. It revealed a complexity and variability in transport team demographics, transport volume, team composition, and decision-making process.
The world’s toughest mountain race
Authors: Kler Balvinder Kaur 
Published: August 2016

PurposeThe Climbathon is an annual mountain running championship that takes place in Kinabalu Park, Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Participants race to the peak (4,095.2 metres) and back, a distance of 21 kilometres of rainforest and mountain terrain, with a steep vertical gain of 2,300 metres. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the first 25 years of the Climbathon and to identify the key success factors behind the staging of this small-scale international sports event in Southeast Asia.Design/methodology/approachThe research design for this study is interpretive, utilises a qualitative case study approach incorporating analysis of documents, oral history interviews, and personal observations gained through attendance and volunteering at the event which produced six insights, suggested as key success factors for the Climbathon. This study was guided by one key research question, to understand what has ensured the continuity of this small-scale international sports event known as the Climbathon.FindingsFindings suggest the Climbathon has endured the test of time due to an innovative use of the summit trail, adherence to international sporting regulations, a pro sports tourism public policy led by the tourism ministry, membership to international sports organisations, corporate sponsorship, and a special sense of place towards Mount Kinabalu and the Climbathon for the event organisers, volunteers and officials.Research limitations/implicationsThis case study presents knowledge about the Climbathon but findings are not generalisable. Any application of the success factors would have to be as guidelines adapted for a specific sport event. The use of oral history as part of a case study is subjective and open to interpretation. Future work could incorporate interviews with participants, spectators, volunteers and the local sub-committees to gain alternative perspectives.Originality/valueThis study makes an original contribution to the events and tourism field by presenting a case study on the success factors of the Mount Kinabalu International Climbathon. The study suggests a three pillar model of “Place-Plan-People” which may be used as a guiding philosophy for event development and delivery of small-scale international sports tourism events in Asia and elsewhere. The inclusion of oral history as part of a case study research design is novel and useful when knowledge is not available in any published form.
The Effects of Regulations on the Performance of Banks: Evidence from the Turkish Banking Industry
Authors: Kale Süleyman , Eken Mehmet Hasan , Selimler Hüseyin 
Published: August 2016

PurposeTo investigate the effects of regulations, macroeconomic changes, and political events on the efficiency of the Turkish banks during the period 1997-2013, when crucial changes were experienced. To analyze the effects of an extensive set of bank-specific and environmental factors on the efficiency, since the diversions could not only be related to new regulations.Design/methodology/approachA two-stage procedure is employed. First, the productivity changes of each bank and of the whole sector are measured by a DEA-based Malmquist Productivity Index (DEA-MPI). Second, the effects of selected internal and external factors on productivity are analyzed with regression analysis. The sector is especially handled before and after 2001, when one of the most catastrophic crises is observed and moment after which a series of new regulations are implemented.FindingsDuring the period 1997-2001, the efficiency deteriorated due to the 2001 crisis; after the crisis, an improvement was observed. All models indicate the source of improvements as efficiency instead of technological changes. Rather than external, internal factors seem to be more effective on productivity. Therefore, the importance of regulations for the soundness of banks, management quality and monitoring may be more crucial than what is thought. In general, a new macroeconomic environment, particularly new regulations, have positive effects on productivity. Tighter regulations, monitoring, restrictions, strong supervision, more capital, and new reforms have a positive impact on efficiency.Originality/valueThe study spans a wide period to analyze the sector using three different perspectives. It analyzes the effect of the 2001 financial crisis and subsequent regulations. It handles an extensive set of internal and external factors; and it tests each factor with nine different DEA-MPI models for consistency. Turkey's unique environmental factors, such as the unstable macroeconomic conditions, high inflation and a subsequent disinflation period, high interest rates, new regulations and crisis experience, among others, also make the study distinctive.
The value of being a conscientious learner
Authors: Woods Stephen A. , Patterson Fiona C. , Koczwara Anna , Sofat Juilitta A. 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of personality traits of the Big Five model on training outcomes to help explain variation in training effectiveness.

Design/methodology/approach
Associations of the Big Five with self-reported learning following training were tested in a pre- and post-design in a field sample of junior medical practitioners (N = 99), who attended a training workshop on self-awareness. Associations are reported of personality traits with post-training learning measured immediately following the workshop and one-month later controlling for pre-training learning.

Findings
Conscientiousness was related to post-training learning at both times. None of the remaining Big Five factors were associated with post-training learning.

Research limitations/implications
The study contributes to the literature on personality and training outcomes, clarifying the associations of traits with outcomes in a pre-and-post design. Although the study sample has limitations, the findings have implications for numerous lines of future research, in particular in understanding the role of training in relations of personality and job performance.

Practical implications
Practitioners should consider ways to encourage training participants to approach training conscientiously. Personality assessment might help people reflect on their approach to learning to adapt it during training.

Originality/value
No study has previously examined the role of personality traits in training outcomes using a pre- and post-design. The role of conscientiousness in workplace learning is underlined by the findings. While dimensions such as openness and extraversion may encourage people to participate in training, conscientiousness may make the difference in promoting internalized individual development and change following training.
Administrative assistants’ informal learning and related factors
Authors: Cho Hyun Jung , Kim Jin-Mo 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to identify the causal relationship among informal learning, leader-member exchange (LMX), empowerment, job characteristics and job self-efficacy and the impact on administrative assistants in corporations. The study aims at providing information for administrative assistants who have worked with their current supervisors for more than one year in a one-to-one administrative assistant role in corporations.

Design/methodology/approach
To ensure the reliability and validity of the questions, statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 18.0. AMOS 18.0 was also used to estimate the causal relationship of the proposed research model.

Findings
The analyses show the following results. Indirect factor loading of LMX and empowerment to informal learning and direct factor loading of job characteristics and job self-efficacy were observed. In the relationship between LMX and informal learning, empowerment had a negative mediating effect and job self-efficacy had a positive mediating effect. In the relationship between empowerment and informal learning, job self-efficacy and job characteristics both had a mediating effect. However, job self-efficacy did not have a mediating effect in the relationship between job characteristics and informal learning.

Originality/value
When considering informal learning, planners should consider both individual characteristics and organizational characteristics. However, informal learning is not directly correlated to the impact of factors related to the executives and organization itself, but rather linked to individual and job characteristics. Hence, promoting job self-efficacy not only requires the individual efforts of employees but also a systematic strategy at the corporate level.
Implementing basic e-learning tools into an undergraduate taxation curriculum
Authors: van Oordt T. , Mulder Ingrid 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
Educators in the accounting discipline are faced with the challenge of finding innovative ways to accommodate the flexible learning styles of Millennial students, using “in classroom/contact time” effectively and decreasing transactional distance between students and educators in large classes. In an attempt to address these challenges, this paper aims to describe the implementation of basic e-learning tools (podcasts, vodcasts and voice-over-PowerPoint) as supplementary and substitutional tools in an undergraduate taxation curriculum. The tools were implemented as part of a student-centred approach to the facilitation of learning, embedded in the Blended Learning Theory. The paper reports on students’ use and experience of various basic e-learning tools, as well as the impact of the use of these tools on student performance.

Design/methodology/approach
An action research methodology was followed, and data were collected by way of a voluntary, descriptive student survey and student class lists. A total of 387 students completed the survey.

Findings
Students appear to have access to devices and data to use e-learning tools. They perceive these tools as helpful study aids and prefer synchronous, substitutional tools. Use of the tools does not have a significant impact on performance; however, it does appear to have a positive impact on the learning environment and student engagement.

Originality/value
The results of the study may be of benefit to educators and curriculum designers who are responsible for reviewing and updating the content delivery methods of undergraduate taxation curricula in large classes with diverse student populations. These results add to the limited body of knowledge on the implementation of basic e-learning tools in a South African accounting education setting.
Contextualizing a social enterprise opportunity process in an emerging market
Authors: Diochon Monica , Ghore Yogesh 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to contribute to a better understanding of how a social enterprise opportunity is brought to fruition in an emerging market.

Design/methodology/approach
This real-time longitudinal case study tracks the emergence of a micro-franchise start-up from conception to inception. Using a narrative perspective as a conceptual lens focuses attention on the relational, temporal and performative elements of the interactive process that occurs between social entrepreneur(s) and the environment(s). While interviewing provides the primary source of evidence, multiple data collection methods were utilized.

Findings
The analysis of the process elements centres on the narratives of the micro-franchise co-founders and other key informants that prompt action aimed at bringing the opportunity to fruition, showing how the social entrepreneurs bring the inside out and the outside in.

Research limitations/implications
Despite challenges to the appropriateness of Western management theory within emerging markets, this study has shown that theory at a sufficiently high level of abstraction can be useful. It also demonstrates the need to study process over time and be inclusive of the range of stakeholders and contexts that influence it.

Social implications
The findings indicate that social enterprise start-up is a co-creative process that evolves in unpredictable ways over time. Beyond start-up, only time and further study will determine whether social enterprise will prove to be the panacea for poverty and marginalization that governments expect.

Originality/value
This research gains real-time insight into social enterprise emergence. It underscores the multi-dimensional nature of context and provides evidence indicating that the relationship and influence between social entrepreneur(s) and their environment is not one way.
Phenotypic diversity of circulating tumour cells in patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: McDaniel Andrew S. , Ferraldeschi Roberta , Krupa Rachel , Landers Mark , Graf Ryon , Louw Jessica , Jendrisak Adam , Bales Natalee , Marrinucci Dena , Zafeiriou Zafeiris , Flohr Penelope , Sideris Spyridon , Crespo Mateus , Figueiredo Ines , Mateo Joaquin , de Bono Johann S. , Dittamore Ryan , Tomlins Scott A. , Attard Gerhardt 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesTo use a non‐biased assay for circulating tumour cells (CTCs) in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) in order to identify non‐traditional CTC phenotypes potentially excluded by conventional detection methods that are reliant on antigen‐ and/or size‐based enrichment.Patients and MethodsA total of 41 patients with metastatic castration‐resistant PCa (mCRPC) and 20 healthy volunteers were analysed on the Epic CTC platform, via high‐throughput imaging of DAPI expression and CD45/cytokeratin (CK) immunofluorescence (IF) on all circulating nucleated cells plated on glass slides. To confirm the PCa origin of CTCs, IF was used for androgen receptor (AR) expression and fluorescence in situ hybridization was used for PTEN and ERG assessment.ResultsTraditional CTCs (CD45−/CK+/morphologically distinct) were identified in all patients with mCRPC and we also identified CTC clusters and non‐traditional CTCs in patients with mCRPC, including CK− and apoptotic CTCs. Small CTCs (≤white blood cell size) were identified in 98% of patients with mCRPC. Total, traditional and non‐traditional CTCs were significantly increased in patients who were deceased vs alive after 18 months; however, only non‐traditional CTCs were associated with overall survival. Traditional and total CTC counts according to the Epic platform in the mCRPC cohort were also significantly correlated with CTC counts according to the CellSearch system.ConclusionsHeterogeneous non‐traditional CTC populations are frequent in mCRPC and may provide additional prognostic or predictive information.