bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insect pollinators collect pollen from wind‐pollinated plants: implications for pollination ecology and sustainable agriculture
Authors: Saunders Manu E. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Current research, management and outreach programmes relevant to insect pollinator conservation are strongly focused on relationships between pollinators and insect‐pollinated crops and wild plants.

Pollinators also visit wind‐pollinated plants to collect pollen, or for nest sites and materials, but these interactions are largely overlooked. I review documented records of bee and syrphid fly species collecting pollen from wind‐pollinated plant taxa, including economically important crops, and provide the most comprehensive collation of peer‐reviewed records of pollinators visiting wind‐pollinated plants to date. I argue for more basic research into functional relationships between insect pollinators and wind‐pollinated plants.

I found over 200 visitation records for 101 wind‐pollinated plant genera in 25 families, including 4 of the 12 gymnosperm families. Almost half the records (49%) were for grasses and sedges (Poales). I also identified records of bees and/or syrphid flies visiting 10 economically important wind‐pollinated crop plant species, including three major grain crops (rice, corn, and sorghum). Most records (70%) were from indirect pollen analysis from hives, nest cells or insect bodies, highlighting the need for more direct observational studies of plant–pollinator interactions.

Insect pollinator communities require resource diversity to persist in a landscape. Hence, researchers and land managers aiming to identify links between pollinators and ecosystem function should also consider broader interactions beyond the standard traits of the entomophily syndrome.
Community mental health work: Negotiating support of users' recovery
Authors: Reed Nina Petersen , Josephsson Staffan , Alsaker Sissel 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMental health services have changed over the past decades through an increased emphasis on deinstitutionalization and normalization, and with recovery processes situated in everyday life as a new locus of support. These changes have led to a need for new knowledge and methods concerning the provision of community mental health services. The aim of the present study was to explore how community mental health workers provide support to users, by investigating professionals' own narratives of how they work. Seven community mental health workers participated in narrative interviews, which were subject to a qualitative, interpretive analysis. A primary finding was that community mental health workers provide flexible and individually‐adjusted support through engaging in negotiations with users, management, and others. Our findings show both opportunities and challenges of negotiating support, raising the following question for discussion: How and when are negotiations a valuable way for professionals and users to collaborate?
Definition of healthcare‐associated influenza: A review and results from an international survey
Authors: Munier‐Marion Elodie , Bénet Thomas , Vanhems Philippe 
Published: June 2017

AimTo describe definitions of healthcare‐associated influenza (HAI) in recent literature and in hospitals participating in a survey of Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) Research Network (SRN) members.MethodA review with PubMed search was undertaken to retrieve articles published between 2008 and 2016, focusing on the subject headings “influenza, human” and “cross infection.” Definitions of clinical influenza‐like illness (ILI) and HAI were identified. An invitation to participate in the survey was sent to 218 SRN members via email.ResultsOf 75 articles on HAI included in the review, 30 presented a standardized definition of clinical ILI based on fever (100%), cough (80%), and sore throat (70%). Forty studies (53%) contained a standardized HAI definition, grounded on threshold delay from admission in 29 of them, this delay ranging from 48 to 196 hour (median: 72 hour). Fifty‐five SRN members responded to the survey, with a standardized definition of HAI adopted by 76% of them. This definition was based on clinical features for 24%, virological features for 31%, and both for 45%. Fever (mean threshold: 38.0°C) was part of the definition for 82%. The features required most frequently in the clinical definition were cough (46%) and sore throat (26%). Median threshold delay between admission and symptoms onset adopted for HAI definition was 48 hour (range: 24‐96 hour).ConclusionThis work underlined the heterogeneity of HAI definitions in different countries. A standardized definition would be helpful to evaluate HAI spread, outcomes in patients and healthcare systems, and the impact of prevention measures, including vaccination.
Severe menses‐associated hypertension successfully treated with gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist
Authors: Laffin Luke J. , Jafar Munnam S. , Bakris George L. 
Published: June 2017

A case of a 32‐year‐old nulliparous white woman referred for a 5‐year history of severe hypertension, hypokalemia, and resultant systolic dysfunction is presented. She additionally had a left ventricular ejection fraction of 30% including left ventricular dilation and normal left ventricular mass index, as measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging when she initially presented to us. Her history revealed that her severe hypertension episodes were monthly and would occur around the catamenial (menses‐associated) time. Two weeks following her menses, blood pressure decreased significantly but remained elevated above 140/90 mm Hg. This cycle repeated monthly and required multiple hospitalizations for hypertensive emergency in the form of acute decompensated heart failure and severe headaches. She required potassium supplementation. This prompted a complete evaluation for secondary causes of hypertension, which was negative. Female and male sex hormone levels, including testosterone, were also within normal limits. She received an injection of leuprolide acetate depot (11.25 mg every 3 months), a gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist. This significantly reduced the magnitude of these episodes.
Atopic dermatitis is inversely associated with hepatitis B antigen positivity: a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Kim H.Y. , Kim C.W. , Choi J.Y. , Yu D.S. , Kim J.W. , Han K.D. , Park Y.G. , Lee Y.B. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundNo clear association between hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and atopic dermatitis (AD) has been established. Some studies have reported that subjects with HBV had an increased risk of atopy; other studies reported an inverse association between HBV seropositivity and allergic diseases.ObjectiveWe evaluated the association between AD and hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg) positivity using Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data.MethodsIn total, 14 776 participants aged >19 years were included in the analysis. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the odds ratio of HBsAg positivity in association with AD and asthma.ResultsThe prevalence of HBsAg positivity was lower in individuals with AD than in those without AD (mean [SE], 0.7% [0.4] vs. 3.7% [0.2]; P < 0.001). However, HBsAg positivity was not significantly associated with asthma (3.7% [0.2] vs. 2.8% [0.8]; P < 0.001). HBsAg positivity decreased the risk of AD significantly (OR = 0.223; 95% CI = 0.069–0.72).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates an inverse association between AD and HBsAg positivity using a nationwide, population‐based, cross‐sectional health examination and survey.
Characteristics of systemic inflammation in hepatitis B‐precipitated ACLF: Differentiate it from No‐ACLF
Authors: Wu Wei , Yan Huadong , Zhao Hong , Sun Wenjie , Yang Qiao , Sheng Jifang , Shi Yu 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackground & AimsPatients with severe exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B (SE‐CHB) are at risk of developing acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF). Systemic inflammation (SI) is a major driver of ACLF. The aim of this study was to identify characteristics of SI in hepatitis B‐precipitated‐ACLF (HB‐ACLF), which may be distinct from No‐ACLF patients with SE‐CHB.MethodsTwo cohorts of patients with SE‐CHB were enrolled in two tertiary hospitals. The associations between circulating leucocyte counts/subsets and ACLF progression and prognoses were analysed in Cohort A. Cytokine measurements, leucocyte phenotyping and whole blood transcriptomic analyses were performed using peripheral blood samples obtained from patients in Cohort B.ResultsCirculating leucocyte counts were higher in the HB‐ACLF patients than in the No‐ACLF patients (P < .001). Peripheral neutrophilic leucocytosis and monocytosis were associated with lymphopenia. The neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and monocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (MLR) were correlated with risk of death in patients with SE‐CHB. NLR independently predicted progression to ACLF in patients without ACLF at enrolment and short‐term mortality in ACLF patients. Plasma IL‐6, IL‐10, G‐CSF and GM‐CSF levels were higher in ACLF patients (P < .05). Blood transcriptome analyses showed that genes associated with cell migration and mobility and responses to wounding and bacteria were expressed at higher levels while genes involved in lymphocyte‐mediated immunity were expressed at lower levels in HB‐ACLF patients than in No‐ACLF patients.ConclusionsSystemic inflammation in HB‐ACLF was characterized by an excessive innate immune response, which was associated with disease progression and mortality.
Aerosolization of Mycotoxins after Growth of Toxinogenic Fungi on Wallpaper
Authors: Aleksic Brankica , Draghi Marjorie , Ritoux Sebastien , Bailly Sylviane , Lacroix Marlène , Oswald Isabelle P. , Bailly Jean-Denis , Robine Enric 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Many fungi can develop on building material in indoor environments if the moisture level is high enough. Among species that are frequently observed, some are known to be potent mycotoxin producers. This presence of toxinogenic fungi in indoor environments raises the question of the possible exposure of occupants to these toxic compounds by inhalation after aerosolization. This study investigated mycotoxin production by
Penicillium brevicompactum
,
Aspergillus versicolor
, and
Stachybotrys chartarum
during their growth on wallpaper and the possible subsequent aerosolization of produced mycotoxins from contaminated substrates. We demonstrated that mycophenolic acid, sterigmatocystin, and macrocyclic trichothecenes (sum of 4 major compounds) could be produced at levels of 1.8, 112.1, and 27.8 mg/m
2
, respectively, on wallpaper. Moreover, part of the produced toxins could be aerosolized from the substrate. The propensity for aerosolization differed according to the fungal species. Thus, particles were aerosolized from wallpaper contaminated with
P. brevicompactum
when an air velocity of just 0.3 m/s was applied, whereas
S. chartarum
required an air velocity of 5.9 m/s.
A. versicolor
was intermediate, since aerosolization occurred under an air velocity of 2 m/s. Quantification of the toxic content revealed that toxic load was mostly associated with particles of size ≥3 μm, which may correspond to spores. However, some macrocyclic trichothecenes (especially satratoxin H and verrucarin J) can also be found on smaller particles that can deeply penetrate the respiratory tract upon inhalation. These elements are important for risk assessment related to moldy environments.

IMPORTANCE
The possible colonization of building material by toxinogenic fungi in cases of moistening raises the question of the subsequent exposure of occupants to aerosolized mycotoxins. In this study, we demonstrated that three different toxinogenic species produce mycotoxins during their development on wallpaper. These toxins can subsequently be aerosolized, at least partly, from moldy material. This transfer to air requires air velocities that can be encountered under real-life conditions in buildings. Most of the aerosolized toxic load is found in particles whose size corresponds to spores or mycelium fragments. However, some toxins were also found on particles smaller than spores that are easily respirable and can deeply penetrate the human respiratory tract. All of these data are important for risk assessment related to fungal contamination of indoor environments.
Staphylococcus aureus Strain Newman Photoinactivation and Cellular Response to Sunlight Exposure
Authors: McClary Jill S. , Sassoubre Lauren M. , Boehm Alexandria B. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Sunlight influences microbial water quality of surface waters. Previous studies have investigated photoinactivation mechanisms and cellular photostress responses of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), including
Escherichia coli
and enterococci, but further work is needed to characterize photostress responses of bacterial pathogens. Here we investigate the photoinactivation of
Staphylococcus aureus
(strain Newman), a pigmented, waterborne pathogen of emerging concern. We measured photodecay using standard culture-based assays and cellular membrane integrity and investigated photostress response by measuring the relative number of mRNA transcripts of select oxidative stress, DNA repair, and metabolism genes. Photoinactivation experiments were performed in both oxic and anoxic systems to further investigate the role of oxygen-mediated and non-oxygen-mediated photoinactivation mechanisms.
S. aureus
lost culturability much faster in oxic systems than in anoxic systems, indicating an important role for oxygen in photodecay mechanisms.
S. aureus
cell membranes were damaged by sunlight exposure in anoxic systems but not in oxic systems, as measured by cell membrane permeability to propidium iodide. After sunlight exposure,
S. aureus
increased expression of a gene coding for methionine sulfoxide reductase after 12 h of sunlight exposure in the oxic system and after 6 h of sunlight exposure in the anoxic system, suggesting that methionine sulfoxide reductase is an important enzyme for defense against both oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent photostresses. This research highlights the importance of oxygen in bacterial photoinactivation in environmentally relevant systems and the complexity of the bacterial photostress response with respect to cell structure and transcriptional regulation.

IMPORTANCE
Staphylococcus aureus
is a pathogenic bacterium that causes gastrointestinal, respiratory, and skin infections. In severe cases,
S. aureus
infection can lead to life-threatening diseases, including pneumonia and sepsis. Cases of community-acquired
S. aureus
infection have been increasing in recent years, pointing to the importance of considering
S. aureus
transmission pathways outside the hospital environment. Associations have been observed between recreational water contact and staphylococcal skin infections, suggesting that recreational waters may be an important environmental transmission pathway for
S. aureus
. However, prediction of human health risk in recreational waters is hindered by incomplete knowledge of pathogen sources, fate, and transport in this environment. This study is an in-depth investigation of the inactivation of a representative strain of
S. aureus
by sunlight exposure, one of the most important factors controlling the fate of microbial contaminants in clear waters, which will improve our ability to predict water quality changes and human health risk in recreational waters.
Head injuries in professional male football (soccer) over 13 years: 29% lower incidence rates after a rule change (red card)
Authors: Beaudouin Florian , aus der Fünten Karen , Tröß Tobias , Reinsberger Claus , Meyer Tim 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundAbsolute numbers of head injuries in football (soccer) are considerable because of its high popularity and the large number of players. In 2006 a rule was changed to reduce head injuries. Players were given a red card (sent off) for intentional elbow-head contact.AimsTo describe the head injury mechanism and examine the effect of the rule change.MethodsBased on continuously recorded data from the German football magazine “kicker”, a database of all head injuries in the 1stGerman Male Bundesliga was generated comprising seasons 2000/01-2012/13. Injury mechanisms were analysed from video recordings. Injury incidence rates (IR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) as well as incidence rate ratios (IRR) to assess differences before and after the rule change were calculated.Results356 head injuries were recorded (IR 2.22, 95% CI 2.00 to 2.46 per 1000 match hours). Contact with another player caused most head injuries, more specifically because of head-head (34%) or elbow-head (17%) contacts. After the rule change, head injuries were reduced by 29% (IRR 0.71, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.86, p=0.002). Lacerations/abrasions declined by 42% (95% CI 0.39 to 0.85), concussions by 29% (95% CI 0.46 to 1.09), contusions by 18% (95% CI 0.43 to 1.55) and facial fractures by 16% (95% CI 0.55 to 1.28).ConclusionsThis rule change appeared to reduce the risk of head injuries in men’s professional football.
Role, structure and effects of medical tourism in Africa: a systematic scoping review protocol
Authors: Mogaka John JO , Tsoka-Gwegweni Joyce M , Mupara Lucia M , Mashamba-Thompson Tivani 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionSome patients travel out of, while others come into Africa for medical care through a growing global phenomenon referred to as medical tourism (MT): the travel in search of medical care that is either unavailable, unaffordable or proscribed at home healthcare systems. While some castigate MT as promoting healthcare inequity, others endorse it as a revenue generator, promising local healthcare system strengthening. Currently, however, the understanding of this component of healthcare in Africa is inadequate. This study seeks to determine the level of knowledge on the role, structure and effect of MT in Africa as it relates to healthcare systems in the region.MethodsConduct a systematic scoping review to outline the role, structure and effect of MT in Africa. Databases: Academic Search Complete, Business Source Complete. Studies mapped in two stages: (1) mapping the studies based on the relevance of their titles and subject descriptors; (2) applying further inclusion criteria on studies from stage 1. Two reviewers will independently assess study quality and abstract data. Both quantitative and qualitative data analysis will be performed, using STATA V.13 and NVIVO, respectively.Ethics and disseminationThe study results will be disseminated by publication in peer-reviewed journals and findings presented at academic and industry conferences related to MT, public health, health systems strengthening and tourism.DiscussionMT spurs cutting-edge medical technologies, techniques and best practices in healthcare delivery. The two-tier healthcare landscape in Africa, however, presents an exceptionally unique context in which to situate this study. Much has been written about MT globally, but not much is known about the phenomenon in Africa; hence the appropriateness of this scientific assessment of MT in the region. By elucidating the role, structure and effect of this phenomenon, this study hopes to contribute to health systems strengthening in Africa.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42016039745.
Variation in the prevalence of urinary catheters: a profile of National Health Service patients in England
Authors: Shackley David Clifford , Whytock Cameron , Parry Gareth , Clarke Laurence , Vincent Charles , Harrison Abigail , John Amber , Provost Lloyd , Power Maxine 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionHarm from catheter-associated urinary tract infections is a common, potentially avoidable, healthcare complication. Variation in catheter prevalence may exist and provide opportunity for reducing harm, yet to date is poorly understood. This study aimed to determine variation in the prevalence of urinary catheters between patient groups, settings, specialities and over time.MethodsA prospective study (July 2012 to April 2016) of National Health Service (NHS) patients surveyed by healthcare professionals, following a standardised protocol to determine the presence of a urinary catheter and duration of use, on 1 day per month using the NHS Safety Thermometer.Results1314 organisations (253 NHS trusts) and 9 266 284 patients were included. Overall, 12.9% of patients were catheterised, but utilisation varied. There was higher utilisation of catheters in males (15.7% vs 10.7% p<0.001) and younger people (18–70 year 14.0% vs >70 year 12.8% p<0.001), utilisation was highest in hospital settings (18.6% p<0.001), particularly in critical care (76.6% p<0.001). Most catheters had been in situ <28 days (72.9% p<0.001). No clinically significant changes were seen over time in any setting or specialty.ConclusionCatheter prevalence in patients receiving NHS-funded care varies according to gender, age, setting and specialty, being most prevalent in males, younger people, hospitals and critical care. Utilisation has changed only marginally over 46 months, and further guidance is indicated to provide clarity for clinicians on the insertion and removal of catheters to supplement the existing guidance on care.
Effects of socioeconomic factors on cardiovascular-related symptoms among residents in Fukushima after the Great East Japan Earthquake: a cross-sectional study using data from the Fukushima Health Management Survey
Authors: Zhang Wen , Ohira Tetsuya , Yasumura Seiji , Maeda Masaharu , Otsuru Akira , Harigane Mayumi , Horikoshi Naoko , Suzuki Yuriko , Yabe Hirooki , Nagai Masato , Nakano Hironori , Hirosaki Mayumi , Uemura Mayu , Takahashi Hideto , Kamiya Kenji , Yamashita Shunichi , Abe Masafumi 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between socioeconomic factors and the exacerbation of cardiovascular symptoms among evacuees after the Great East Japan Earthquake.MethodsA sample of 73 433 individuals was included in the Fukushima Health Management Survey. Self-report questionnaires were used to determine the influence of socioeconomic factors including living arrangements, loss of employment and decreased income on the exacerbation of headache, dizziness, palpitations and shortness of breath. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs of the effect of socioeconomic factors were estimated for each symptom using multiple logistic regression analyses.ResultsExacerbation of headaches was reported by 1893 individuals, dizziness by 1229, palpitations by 1085 and shortness of breath by 626 individuals. Evacuation accommodation was associated with all of these symptoms. Compared with participants living in their own home (OR=1.00), individuals living in relatives’ homes had increased probability of experiencing exacerbation of headache (1.58; 95% CI 1.19 to 2.09) and dizziness (1.42; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.98); those living in rental housing or apartments experienced exacerbation of headache (1.54; 95% CI 1.32 to 1.80), dizziness (1.45; 95% CI 1.20 to 1.75), palpitations (1.25; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.51) and shortness of breath (1.76; 95% CI 1.35 to 2.28); participants living in evacuation shelters experienced exacerbation of headache (1.80; 95% CI 1.09 to 2.96); and refugees living in temporary housing also experienced exacerbation of headache (1.42; 95% CI 1.15 to 1.72), dizziness (1.40; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.79) and shortness of breath (1.49; 95% CI 1.07 to 2.08). Compared with the evacuees who retained their jobs, unemployed individuals showed increased probability of exacerbation of headache (1.28, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.46), dizziness (1.26, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.48) and palpitations (1.21, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.45). Decreased income was associated with exacerbation of headache (1.39, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.60).ConclusionAfter the earthquake, living in non-home conditions was more likely to result in exacerbated cardiovascular symptoms among evacuees. Loss of employment was another risk factor related to exacerbated headache and dizziness.