bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neo‐developmentalism and a “vía campesina” for rural development: Unreconciled projects in Ecuador's Citizen's Revolution
Authors: Clark Patrick 
Published: March 2017

AbstractFrom the outside, it appears that the government of President Rafael Correa in Ecuador has put in place a legal and policy framework for a vía campesina model of rural development, inspired by food sovereignty and buen vivir. Recent studies have, however, concluded that a considerable disjuncture exists between this framework and the actual agricultural policies and programmes implemented by the government. In this paper, I provide a broad overview of the agricultural and rural development policies under the Correa government and analyse some of the causes of the gap between the policy framework and policy implementation. I argue that Ecuador under Correa speaks to the difficulties of reconciling a vía campesina approach to rural development with a neo‐developmental economic model. I focus on several issues in particular in order to explain the disjuncture: how the growth of “vía campesina” proposals and political discourse in Ecuador since the 1980s coincided with significant processes of agrarian change; the transformation of rural social movement federations from a sociopolitical force into a political/electoral force and the subsequent decline of these movements; and the deepening integration of small‐scale producers into domestic agribusiness commodity chains and the growth of national agribusiness firms during the Correa government.
Women's land rights, rural social movements, and the state in the 21st‐century Latin American agrarian reforms
Authors: Deere Carmen Diana 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis paper addresses the disjuncture between women's formal land rights and their attaining these in practice, examining the four agrarian reforms carried out by progressive governments after 2000 in Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, and Venezuela. It finds that while all four strengthened women's formal land rights, only the reforms in Bolivia and Brazil resulted in a significant share and number of female beneficiaries. In both countries, strong national‐level rural women's movements were the main advocates behind women's land rights in a context in which they formed part of the coalition that brought these regimes to power. In Bolivia, women have benefited principally through joint titling of land to couples in the country's massive land regularization programme. Brazil's reform has been the most redistributionary, and women have benefited through the priority given to female household heads as well as the mandatory joint allocation of land to couples in the agrarian reform settlements.
Percentage and severity of periodontal diseases in Turkish adults aged 35+ years, 2009‐10
Authors: Ilhan Duygu , Oktay Inci , Nur Burcu , Fisekcioglu Erdogan , Lim Sungwoo , Lepkowski James M. , Ismail Amid I. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectiveThis article presents data on the burden of periodontal diseases in Turkish adults aged 35 years or older.MethodsWithin each region of Turkey, a rural and an urban area or city were selected in 2009‐10 using a probability proportional to size method. In the selected towns, local officials who were familiar with their communities assisted in recruiting subjects. Loss of Attachment (LOA) was measured at six sites around each tooth present in the mouth, excluding third molars. Additionally, the Community Periodontal Index was used to assess the severity of periodontal diseases around 12 index teeth. Self‐reported data on key risk factors were also collected. Weights were computed using a raking ratio adjustment procedure and used in all analyses.ResultsAlmost all examined adults had some loss of periodontal attachment. The proportion of those with more than 3 mm LOA ranged from 43 percent in 35‐44 year olds to 91 percent in those aged 65+ years. Among females, older age, low education status, smoking 11‐40+ cigarettes a day, being employed, and presence of high number of missing tooth surfaces were associated with LOA > 3 mm. Among males LOA >3 mm was associated with older age, use of alcohol, and unemployment. The CPI data did not yield the same associations with periodontal diseases and risk factors.ConclusionsPeriodontal diseases in Turkish adults are highly prevalent. A tailored common risk factor health promotion program is recommended to reduce the burden of periodontal infection in Turkey.
Association between Survival Time and Changes inNT‐proBNPin Cats Treated for Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Pierce K.V. , Rush J.E. , Freeman L.M. , Cunningham S.M. , Yang V.K. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundReductions in N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) concentrations after treatment have been associated with improved survival in people with congestive heart failure (CHF), but have not been reported in cats withCHF.ObjectivesTo evaluate changes inNT‐proBNPconcentrations in cats withCHFafter treatment and determine whether serialNT‐proBNPmeasurements provide prognostic information.AnimalsThirty‐one client‐owned cats.MethodsProspective, observational study in cats with new onsetCHFsecondary to cardiomyopathy. Concentrations ofNT‐proBNPwere measured within 4 hours of admission to the hospital, on the day of discharge, and at re‐evaluation 7–10 days later.ResultsMedianNT‐proBNPconcentrations decreased significantly from admission (1,713 pmol/L [range, 160–3,784 pmol/L]) to discharge (902 pmol/L [range, 147–3,223 pmol/L]);P= .005) and from admission to re‐evaluation (1,124 pmol/L [range, 111–2,727 pmol/L];P= .024). Median survival time was 109 days (range, 1–709 days), with 5 cats still alive at the time of analysis. Cats with a larger percent decrease inNT‐proBNPfrom admission to discharge had a longer survival time (P= .048). Cats with evidence of activeCHFat the time of re‐evaluation (P= .010) and cats whose owners had difficulty administering medications (P= .045) had shorter survival times.Conclusions and clinical importanceCats with a larger percent decrease inNT‐proBNPduring hospitalization and no evidence ofCHFat the time of re‐evaluation had longer survival times. Additional studies are needed to determine whetherNT‐proBNPcan help guide treatment in cats withCHF.
Demonstration that Feeds Containing <1% Fishmeal Can Support Grow‐out of Large Juvenile Red Drum, Sciaenops ocellatus, and Reduce Nutrient Waste
Authors: Denson Michael R. , Sandifer Paul A. , Leffler John W. , Yost Justin , Bearden Daniel W. , Zeigler Thomas R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe conducted a 16‐wk feeding trial with large juvenile red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus. Four diets were randomly assigned to six replicate tanks per treatment. Three isonitrogenous (ca. 44.5% protein) and isolipidic (ca. 14.1% lipid) extruded diets were formulated to compare a fishmeal‐based diet with diets using alternative protein sources. Diet 1 contained 19.60% fishmeal and 21.42% poultry meals as primary protein sources. Two alternative diets were formulated reducing the fishmeal to 0.61% by substituting poultry meals (33.85%) and soybean protein concentrate (11.55% in Diet 2 and 11.70% in Diet 3). Diet 3 also included Allzyme Vegpro® and Allzyme® SSF at 0.04%. Diet 4, a natural diet consisting of chopped cigar minnows, squid, and shrimp, was used as a positive control to compare growth rates of formulated feeds to near maximum growth under these culture conditions. We found that reducing the amount of fishmeal to <1% by using alternative protein sources did not affect the growth rate, survival, or health of red drum but improved assimilation of phosphorus, reduced potential release of P to the environment, and significantly lowered the amount of feeder fish needed in feed. The control diet identified performance benchmarks for future feeds development work.
L. fermentum CECT 5716 prevents stress‐induced intestinal barrier dysfunction in newborn rats
Authors: Vanhaecke T. , Aubert P. , Grohard P.‐A. , Durand T. , Hulin P. , Paul‐Gilloteaux P. , Fournier A. , Docagne F. , Ligneul A. , Fressange‐Mazda C. , Naveilhan P. , Boudin H. , Le Ruyet P. , Neunlist M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundIntestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) dysfunction plays a critical role in various intestinal disorders affecting infants and children, including the development of food allergies and colitis. Recent studies highlighted the role of probiotics in regulating IEB functions and behavior in adults, but their effects in the newborn remain largely unknown. We therefore characterized in rat pups, the impact of Lactobacillus fermentum CECT 5716 (L. fermentum) on stress‐induced IEB dysfunction, systemic immune response and exploratory behavior.MethodsNewborn rats received daily by gavage either L. fermentum or water. Intestinal permeability to fluorescein sulfonic acid (FSA) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was measured following maternal separation (MS) and water avoidance stress (WAS). Immunohistochemical, transcriptomic, and Western blot analysis of zonula occludens‐1 (ZO‐1) distribution and expression were performed. Anxiety‐like and exploratory behavior was assessed using the elevated plus maze test. Cytokine secretion of activated splenocytes was also evaluated.Key ResultsL. fermentum prevented MS and WAS‐induced IEB dysfunction in vivo. L. fermentum reduced permeability to both FSA and HRP in the small intestine but not in the colon. L. fermentum increased expression of ZO‐1 and prevented WAS‐induced ZO‐1 disorganization in ileal epithelial cells. L. fermentum also significantly reduced stress‐induced increase in plasma corticosteronemia. In activated splenocytes, L. fermentum enhanced IFNγ secretion while it prevented IL‐4 secretion. Finally, L. fermentum increased exploratory behavior.Conclusions & InferencesThese results suggest that L. fermentum could provide a novel tool for the prevention and/or treatment of gastrointestinal disorders associated with altered IEB functions in the newborn.
Appetite influences the responses to meal ingestion
Authors: Pribic T. , Nieto A. , Hernandez L. , Malagelada C. , Accarino A. , Azpiroz F. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundWe have previously shown that the postprandial experience includes cognitive sensations, such as satiety and fullness, with a hedonic dimension involving digestive well‐being and mood. Preload conditioning has been shown to modulate appetite and food consumption under certain conditions, but its effects on the responses to meal ingestion are not clear. We hypothesized that appetite modulation by preload conditioning has differential effects on the cognitive and the emotive responses to meal ingestion.MethodsThe effects of preload conditioning (ingestion of a low‐ vs a high‐calorie breakfast) on appetite and on the cognitive and emotive responses to a comfort probe meal ingested 2 hours later (ham and cheese sandwich with orange juice; 300 mL, 425 Kcal) was tested in healthy subjects (n=12) in a cross‐over design. Sensations were measured at regular intervals 15 minutes before and 60 minutes after the probe meal.Key ResultsAs compared to the low‐calorie breakfast, the high‐calorie breakfast reduced basal hunger sensation and influenced the responses to the subsequent probe meal: it increased satiety (4.3±0.2 score vs 2.7±0.2 score; P<.001) and fullness (5.4±0.5 score vs 3.1±0.5; P<.001), but reduced the expected postprandial experience of digestive well‐being after a palatable meal (1.3±0.7 score vs 3.0±0.3; P=.045).Conclusion and InferencesAppetite modulation by preload conditioning has differential effects on the cognitive and emotive responses to a meal. Preload conditioning of the postprandial experience may be applicable to dietary planning and prevention of postprandial symptoms.
Self‐Differing, Aspects, and Leibniz's Law
Authors: Baxter Donald L.M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractI argue that an individual has aspects numerically identical with it and each other that nonetheless qualitatively differ from it and each other. This discernibility of identicals does not violate Leibniz's Law, however, which concerns only individuals and is silent about their aspects. They are not in its domain of quantification. To argue that there are aspects I will appeal to the internal conflicts of conscious beings. I do not mean to imply that aspects are confined to such cases, but the best way to start is to recognize them experientially. We can feel the conflicts within ourselves. In doing so we can feel some of our aspects. I will try to enhance our understanding of the concept of aspect by listing and formalizing some principles for its use. After that I will argue that all sorts of individual things have aspects, not just people who are conflicted.
Interference of a speB 5′ untranslated region partial deletion with mRNA degradation in Streptococcus pyogenes
Authors: Chen Z. , Mashburn‐Warren L. , Merritt J. , Federle M.J. , Kreth J. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThe 5′ untranslated region (5′ UTR) of an mRNA molecule embeds important determinants that modify its stability and translation efficiency. In Streptococcus pyogenes, a strict human pathogen, a gene encoding a secreted protease (speB) has a large 5′ UTR with unknown functions. Here we describe that a partial deletion of the speB 5′ UTR caused a general accumulation of mRNA in the stationary phase, and that the mRNA accumulation was due to retarded mRNA degradation. The phenotype was observed in several M serotypes harboring the partial deletion of the speB 5′ UTR. The phenotype was triggered by the production of the truncated speB 5′ UTR, but not by the disruption of the intact speB 5′ UTR. RNase Y, a major endoribonuclease, was previously shown to play a central role in bulk mRNA turnover in stationary phase. However, in contrast to our expectations, we observed a weaker interaction between the truncated speB 5′ UTR and RNase Y compared with the wild‐type, which suggests that other unidentified RNA degrading components are required for the pleiotropic effects observed from the speB UTR truncation. Our study demonstrates how S. pyogenes uses distinct mRNA degradation schemes in exponential and stationary growth phases.
Effect of ablation pattern on mechanical function in the atrium
Authors: Phung Thien‐Khoi N. , Moyer Christian B. , Norton Patrick T. , Ferguson John D. , Holmes Jeffrey W. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is often treated with catheter ablation, which induces scar formation to isolate misfiring electrical signals in the left atrium. Successful ablation restores sinus rhythm at the cost of replacing viable myocardium with scar. The impact of ablation scar on mechanical function of the left atrium is poorly understood.ObjectiveWe used a computational model to simulate various ablation patterns and determine their effect on atrial global and regional mechanical function.MethodsA coupled finite‐element and hemodynamic circuit model of the left atrium that represents the regional and global mechanics in paroxysmal AF patients was modified to simulate different ablation patterns: step‐wise pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), wide area circumferential ablation (WACA), and a posterior ablation developed by nContact, Inc (Morrisville, NC, USA). Atrial pressure‐volume relationships and regional wall motion were compared among the models.ResultsAblation increased passive stiffness and decreased active work performed by the atrium. Active emptying volume decreased with increasing scar by up to 44% (11 mL) at a scar volume of 31%. At matched scar volumes, WACA decreased active emptying more severely than PVI and nContact. Similarly, wall motion was depressed most in the WACA model because WACA involved portions of the lateral wall with higher baseline motion.ConclusionSimulated ablation depressed atrial mechanical function to an extent that depended on both scar volume and location, primarily through reducing active emptying. Placing ablation scar in regions with high baseline motion resulted in greater depression of active function, while ablation of the posterior wall was less disruptive.
Efficacy of Transversus Abdominis Plane Steroid Injection for Treating Chronic Abdominal Pain
Authors: Abd‐Elsayed Alaa , Malyuk David 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundHistorically, transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block has been performed to treat acute abdominal pain that accompanies a variety of surgical procedures. This study represents an innovative approach in which the TAP block was performed on patients experiencing chronic abdominal pain who had failed other forms of pain management.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of the TAP block procedure in patients experiencing chronic abdominal pain.MethodsIn this retrospective chart review and data analysis, we reviewed the charts of 30 chronic abdominal pain patients previously treated with 45 TAP blocks after other forms of pain management had failed. We examined demographic data, surgical history, medication use, improvement following each block, and the side on which the procedure was performed. In unilateral blocks, 8 mL bupivacaine 0.25% mixed with 40 mg triamcinolone was injected. In bilateral blocks, 9 mL bupivacaine 0.25% and 40 mg triamcinolone were injected on each side. Analgesic efficacy was assessed via improvement in pain levels before and after the procedure was performed.ResultsTransversus abdominis plane block improved pain in 79.5% of the performed blocks. The percentage improvement was 54.7% ± 36.4% for an average of 84 ± 108 (0 to 490) days for the 44 procedures with complete data. There was significant reduction in the use of gabapentin before and after the procedure (P < 0.05).ConclusionTransversus abdominis plane steroid injection can be a helpful in treating somatosensory chronic abdominal pain resistant to other therapeutic modalities.
The United States of America as Rechtsstaat: State and Administrative Law as Key to Understanding the Administrative State
Authors: Raadschelders Jos C. N. 
Published: March 2017

Related Content: Balfour (PAR May/June 2017)Related Content: Spicer (PAR May/June 2017)Related Content: Bartels (PAR May/June 2017)Related Content: Benavides (PAR May/June 2017)
Draft Genome Sequence of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis Strain PA06 Isolated from a Subauricular Abscess in an Ovine Host
Authors: Marques Joana Montezano , de Moura Vitória Almeida Gonçalves , Lima Alyne Cristina Sodré , Paixão Carla Thais Moreira , Lobato Amália Raiana Fonseca , Alves Jorianne Thyeska Castro , Guaraldi Ana Luiza de Mattos , Folador Adriana Ribeiro Carneiro , Ramos Rommel T. J. , Silva Artur 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

We report here the draft genome sequence of
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
PA06, isolated from a subauricular abscess in an ovine host.
C. pseudotuberculosis
is a worldwide pathogen of small and large ruminants. The genome comprises 2,320,074 bp, with a G+C content of 52.2%, 2,195 coding sequences, 48 tRNAs, and three rRNAs.
Complete Genome Sequences of Two Staphylococcus aureus Sequence Type 5 Isolates from California, USA
Authors: Hau Samantha J. , Bayles Darrell O. , Alt David P. , Nicholson Tracy L. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcus aureus
causes a variety of human diseases ranging in severity. The pathogenicity of
S. aureus
can be partially attributed to the acquisition of mobile genetic elements. In this report, we provide two complete genome sequences from human clinical
S. aureus
isolates.
Complete Genome Sequences of Two Genotype A2 Small Ruminant Lentiviruses Isolated from Infected U.S. Sheep
Authors: Workman Aspen M. , Dickey Aaron M. , Heaton Michael P. , Clawson Michael L. , Smith Timothy P. L. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Two distinct subgroups of genotype A2 small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) have been identified in the United States that infect sheep with specific host transmembrane protein 154 (
TMEM154
) diplotypes. Here, we report the first two complete genome sequences of SRLV strains infecting U.S. sheep belonging to genotype A2, subgroups 1 and 2.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Root-Colonizing Fungus
Trichoderma harzianum
B97
Authors: Compant Stéphane , Gerbore Jonathan , Antonielli Livio , Brutel Aline , Schmoll Monika 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Trichoderma harzianum
is one of the most beneficial microorganisms applied on diverse crops against biotic and abiotic stresses and acts also as a plant growth-promoting fungus. Here, we report the genome of
T. harzianum
B97, originating from a French agricultural soil and used as a biofertilizer that can tolerate abiotic stresses.
Psychological and behavioural patterns of stigma among patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kato Asuka , Fujimaki Yuko , Fujimori Shin , Isogawa Akihiro , Onishi Yukiko , Suzuki Ryo , Yamauchi Toshimasa , Ueki Kohjiro , Kadowaki Takashi , Hashimoto Hideki 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to test the psychological and behavioural patterns of stigma (self-esteem and social participation) and their relationship to self-stigma, patient activation for engaging in self-care and glycaemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).DesignA cross-sectional study.Setting2 tertiary-level hospitals and 2 secondary-level hospitals in Japan.ParticipantsA consecutive sample of 209 outpatients with T2DM. Inclusion criteria were as follows: presence of T2DM, age 20–74 years, no diagnosis of dementia and/or psychosis, and no need for urgent medical procedures.Outcome measuresStudy measures included a self-administered questionnaire to assess the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES), the 3 subscales of 36-question Short Form Health Survey (SF-36; Social Function, Role Physical, Role Emotional), Self-Stigma Scale and Patient Activation Measure (PAM-13). Glycated haemoglobin was obtained from same day blood work. In our previous qualitative study, we found that psychological and behavioural patterns of stigma varied according to patients' levels of illness-related self-esteem as well as attitudes towards social participation. For quantitative consistency, we used the SES scale to measure self-esteem and the SF-36 subscales to measure social participation. We then divided participants into 4 groups by exhibited psychological and behavioural patterns: group A (high SES/high SF-36), group B (high SES/low SF-36), group C (low SES/high SF-36) and group D (low SES/low SF-36).ResultsUsing analysis of covariance after controlling for age and sex, there was a significant difference in self-stigma levels between the four groups (F[3,203]=15.70, p<0.001). We observed the highest mean self-stigma levels in group D. Group D also had significantly lower PAM-13 scores than those of groups A (p<0.001) and B (p=0.02).ConclusionsThe psychological and behavioural pattern of group D was found to be associated with higher levels of self-stigma and poorer patient activation for self-care.