bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are some of the stigmas of addictions culturally sanctioned?
Authors: Corrigan Patrick , Schomerus Georg , Smelson David 
Published: March 2017

SummaryWe provide three examples of how addiction stigma is sanctioned: (a) discrimination against people with addictions is often legal; (b) public health communications frequently use stigma to promote prevention; (c) some programmes, such as ‘12 steps’ promote self-stigma. The implications of sanctioned stigma for stigma-change programmes are then discussed.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Individual Patient Data to Assess the Sensitivity of Cervical Cytology for Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Castanon Alejandra , Landy Rebecca , Michalopoulos Dimitrios , Bhudia Roshni , Leaver Hannah , Qiao You Lin , Zhao Fanghui , Sasieni Peter 
Published: March 2017

Purpose To assess the sensitivity of cervical cytology to cancer by pooling individual patient cytology results from cancers diagnosed in studies that assessed cervical screening in low- and middle-income countries. Methods Two authors reviewed studies identified through PubMed and Embase databases. We included studies that reported cervical cytology in which at least one woman was diagnosed with cervical cancer and in which abnormal cytology results were investigated at colposcopy and through a histologic sample (if appropriate). When cytology results were not reported in the manuscript, authors were contacted. Stratified analyses and meta-regression were performed to assess sources of heterogeneity between studies. Results We included 717 cancers from 23 studies. The pooled sensitivity of cytology to cancer at a cutoff of a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) or worse was 79.4% (95% CI, 67.7% to 86.0%). Results from stratified analyses did not differ significantly, except among studies that recruited symptomatic women or women referred because of abnormal cytology, when the sensitivity of cytology was much higher (95.9%; 95% CI, 86.5% to 99.9%). The cutoff of an HSIL or worse detected 85% of the cancers that would have been detected at a cutoff of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or worse (relative sensitivity, 85.2%; 95% CI, 80.7% to 89.7%). Conclusion Cytology at a high cutoff could be an excellent tool for targeted screening of populations at high risk of cervical cancer with a view to diagnose cancer at an earlier stage.
A novel mode of induction of the humoral innate immune response in Drosophila larvae
Authors: Kenmoku Hiroyuki , Hori Aki , Kuraishi Takayuki , Kurata Shoichiro 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
Drosophila adults have been utilized as a genetically tractable model organism to decipher the molecular mechanisms of humoral innate immune responses. In an effort to promote the utility of Drosophila larvae as an additional model system, in this study, we describe a novel aspect of an induction mechanism for innate immunity in these larvae. By using a fine tungsten needle created for manipulating semi-conductor devices, larvae were subjected to septic injury. However, although Toll pathway mutants were susceptible to infection with Gram-positive bacteria as had been shown for Drosophila adults, microbe clearance was not affected in the mutants. In addition, Drosophila larvae were found to be sensitive to mechanical stimuli with respect to the activation of a sterile humoral response. In particular, pinching with forceps to a degree that might cause minor damage to larval tissues could induce the expression of the antifungal peptide gene Drosomycin; notably, this induction was partially independent of the Toll and immune deficiency pathways. We therefore propose that Drosophila larvae might serve as a useful model to analyze the infectious and non-infectious inflammation that underlies various inflammatory diseases such as ischemia, atherosclerosis and cancer.
Systemic autoimmunity induced by the TLR7/8 agonist Resiquimod causes myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy in a new mouse model of autoimmune heart disease
Authors: Hasham Muneer G. , Baxan Nicoleta , Stuckey Daniel J. , Branca Jane , Perkins Bryant , Dent Oliver , Duffy Ted , Hameed Tolani S. , Stella Sarah E. , Bellahcene Mohammed , Schneider Michael D. , Harding Sian E. , Rosenthal Nadia , Sattler Susanne 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
Systemic autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) show significant heart involvement and cardiovascular morbidity, which can be due to systemically increased levels of inflammation or direct autoreactivity targeting cardiac tissue. Despite high clinical relevance, cardiac damage secondary to systemic autoimmunity lacks inducible rodent models. Here, we characterise immune-mediated cardiac tissue damage in a new model of SLE induced by topical application of the Toll-like receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) agonist Resiquimod. We observe a cardiac phenotype reminiscent of autoimmune-mediated dilated cardiomyopathy, and identify auto-antibodies as major contributors to cardiac tissue damage. Resiquimod-induced heart disease is a highly relevant mouse model for mechanistic and therapeutic studies aiming to protect the heart during autoimmunity.
MicroRNAs in the etiology of colorectal cancer: pathways and clinical implications
Authors: Strubberg Ashlee M. , Madison Blair B. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small single-stranded RNAs that repress mRNA translation and trigger mRNA degradation. Of the ∼1900 miRNA-encoding genes present in the human genome, ∼250 miRNAs are reported to have changes in abundance or altered functions in colorectal cancer. Thousands of studies have documented aberrant miRNA levels in colorectal cancer, with some miRNAs reported to actively regulate tumorigenesis. A recurrent phenomenon with miRNAs is their frequent participation in feedback loops, which probably serve to reinforce or magnify biological outcomes to manifest a particular cellular phenotype. Here, we review the roles of oncogenic miRNAs (oncomiRs), tumor suppressive miRNAs (anti-oncomiRs) and miRNA regulators in colorectal cancer. Given their stability in patient-derived samples and ease of detection with standard and novel techniques, we also discuss the potential use of miRNAs as biomarkers in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer and as prognostic indicators of this disease. MiRNAs also represent attractive candidates for targeted therapies because their function can be manipulated through the use of synthetic antagonists and miRNA mimics.
α,β-Itemized Enumeration of Inositol Derivatives and m-Gonal Homologs by Extending Fujita’s Proligand Method
Authors: Fujita Shinsaku 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
A new method for the α,β-itemized enumeration has been developed to count inositol derivatives, where each substitution position of a hexagonal skeleton accommodates an α-ligand or a β-ligand exclusively under the D6- or D6h-symmetry. The concept of hedralities of cycles (homohedral cycles, enantiohedral cycles, and hemihedral cycles) has been proposed to treat α,β-handedness for characterizing such exclusive α- or β-substitution. During the α,β-itemized enumeration, the concept of hedralities is found to cooperate with the concept of sphericities of cycles (homospheric cycles, enantiospheric cycles, and hemispheric cyles), which was proposed to treat chirality in Fujita’s proligand method. The effect of hedralities is evaluated by developing the cycle index with α,β-handedness fittingness (CI-HF), which enables us to accomplish the α,β-itemized enumeration under D6. The cooperative effect of hedralities and sphericities can be evaluated by extending Fujita’s proligand method, where the cycle index with pairwise fittingness (CI-PF) is developed to support the α,β-itemized enumeration under D6h. The GAP codes for the enumeration using CI-HFs and CI-PFs are programmed on the basis of the GAP system. The enumeration method based on CI-HFs and CI-PFs is generalized to support the α,β-itemized enumeration of m-gonal derivatives under Dm- or Dmh-symmetry. The method for gross enumeration without α,β-itemization and without ligand discrimination is developed as a special case of the extended proligand method described above. General formulas are obtained to give gross numbers as integer sequences.
Efficiency Enhancement Potential of Urban Sanitation as a Public Utility Subsector
Authors: Борисова Оксана , Borisova Oksana , Шубов Лазарь , Shubov Lazar , Доронкина Ирина , Doronkina Irina 
Published: March 2017

The article identifies the beneficial use of municipal solid waste is a major contributor to the waste problem solution and to the enhancement of the public utility sector operations efficiency.
The articles dwells on the existing methods of extracting food and plant waste out of the municipal solid waste stock, and claims that food and plant waste, with its valuable element proportion of 99% (including the admixture of timber particles), is high-quality raw material for biocompost.
With the purpose of integrated food and plant waste treatment for mechanical admixtures, the process of MSW separation is designed to separate MSW components in accordance with their texture, size and capacity for selective crushing in different conditions. Thus the principle of controlling the physical properties of separated components manifests itself.
The Individuation – the Communication and Information Aspects
Authors: Гринев  , Grinev G. , Дремова  , Dremova Yu. 
Published: March 2017

The data of internal and external communications in the system of maturing
personality professionalization were considered. The periods of early
development, of maturing, socialization and professionalization were considered.
It is proposed to extend the ontology of knowledge about internal
and external communications of the person to including in it: the genetic
capital , the personal and the collective unconsciousness, the reflection, the
choice, the network forms of social interactions. This publication is focused
on the systems of the convergence of knowledge about personality development
in education and human resource development system of modern
organizations.
Managing Career and Professional Promotion of Civil Servants, Employed by Federal Executive Bodies of the Russian Federation
Authors: Кибанов  , Kibanov Ardalon , Лобачёва  , Lobacheva Anastasia 
Published: March 2017

The President of the Russian Federation Decree dated May 7, 2012 No. 601 «On the main directions of improving the state management system» has set the
need to improve career planning and management of civil servants in Russia. Present-day system of civil servants’ career management and promotion planning
functions insufficiently and fails to meet the current requirements as well as encompass the whole range of personnel management activities to be realized.
Unfortunately personnel management has not yet been prioritized as one of primary focuses for federal executive bodies, nor most ministries, agencies and
departments have introduced local norms and standards to regulate personnel management services. Still personnel managers’ activities are little more than
organizing and facilitating recruitment and selection, appraisals, qualifying examinations, record keeping, personal information verification and workplace
discipline control. As for civil servants’ career management, it is relegated to the background or is totally ignored. Thus the paper considers ways to codify in
legislation a set of functions for personnel management departments of federal executive bodies and entities of the Russian Federation and analyzes to what
extent personnel management departments of various federal executive bodies function in accordance with the requirements of correspondent legislation in
effect. The author also provides a set of recommendations aimed at enhancing personnel management activities and the list of functions needed to better plan
and manage careers and official and professional promotion of civil servants, meaning that this list embraces the whole range of general scientifically-based
functions designed to improve personnel management effectiveness in the federal executive bodies.
The study of linkages between changes in the cost of equity capital and the main indicators of activity of firm on the basis of econometric analysis
Authors: Гусев Андрей , Gusev Andrey 
Published: March 2017

This article is dedicated to overall company performance statistics
and diagnostic framework for shareholders value that makes valuebased
analysis easier and more insightful than ever before because of a
function of income efficiency and balance sheet asset management. It
can be traced to and directly linked with fundamental financial indicators,
although in the case of EVA all the drivers, both income and asset, are
expressed on a common econometric base. EVA includes the added
value that can come from profitable growth or value lost from growth at
negative EVA margins, which are performance attributes that the traditional
accounting indicators totally misses. This article measures all the
ways that performance can be improved and wealth created in any business
which makes an ideal tool to help managers understand EVA and
find ways to improve it to detect and model a firm´s true intrinsic value.
BIOTECHNOLOGICAL METHODS OF INCREASING THE EFFICIENTY OF CATTLE BREEDING
Authors: Самоделкин  , Samodelkin Aleksandr , Еремин  , Eremin Sergey 
Published: March 2017

There was studied the distribution of postpartum pathology of cows and disease of calves in early postnatal period in conditions of Nizhny Novgorod region. It was established, that the new tissue drug &#34;bio-tec&#34; has positive influence on reproductive function, safety and live weight gain of calves. The postpartum pathology of cows gained wide spread among nizhnynovgorod farms up to 80%, e.g. Endometritis and subinvolution of uterus 37,4 and 23,9 respectively. By clinical examination of newborn calves it was established, that in the first month of life 50,3% fall ill with gastrointestinal diseases of various etiologies. The die-off of calves reached 29%. Using &#34;bio-tec&#34; drug to dry cows decreased the percentage of postpartum pathology by 35% and reduced the time of involution of uterus for 11,2 days; the service period reduced by 21,2 days and the diseases of newborn calves was twice less, that increased the energy of growth and in 16 month age heifers went over animals of the control group by 10%, that allowed their earlier use for reproduction. So, the results of conducted research showed, that twice a day injection of tissue drug &#34;bio-tec&#34; to dry cows in 10ml dose 60-55 and 40-35 days to calving contributes reducing of obstetric pathology. Subsequent use to calves in 4ml dose in 5-8 days age increases the safety of calves and positively influences the live weight gain, that in fact gives abilities of more effective cattle breeding.
Do radiological and functional outcomes correlate for fractures of the distal radius?
Authors: Plant C. E. , Parsons N. R. , Costa M. L. 
Published: March 2017

Aims We conducted a study to determine whether radiological parameters correlate with patient reported functional outcome, health-related quality of life and physical measures of function in patients with a fracture of the distal radius. Patients and Methods The post-operative palmar tilt and ulnar variance at six weeks and 12 months were correlated with the Patient Rated Wrist Evaluation, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand, and EuroQol scores, grip strength, pinch strength and range of movement at three, six and 12 months for 50 patients (mean age 57 years; 26 to 85) having surgical fixation, with either percutaneous pinning or reconstruction with a volar plate, for a fracture of the distal radius. Results Radiological parameters were found to correlate poorly with the patient reported outcomes (r = 0.00 to 0.47) and physical measures of function (r = 0.01 to 0.51) at all intervals. Conclusion This study raises concerns about the use of radiological parameters to determine management, and to act as a surrogates for successful treatment, in patients with a fracture of the distal radius. Restoration of ‘normal’ radiographic parameters may not be necessary to achieve a satisfactory functional outcome for the patient. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:376–82.
Does osteofibrous dysplasia progress to adamantinoma and how should they be treated?
Authors: Scholfield D. W. , Sadozai Z. , Ghali C. , Sumathi V. , Douis H. , Gaston L. , Grimer R. J. , Jeys L. 
Published: March 2017

Aims The aim of this study was to identify any progression between benign osteofibrous dysplasia (OFD), OFD-like adamantinoma and malignant adamantinoma, and to investigate the rates of local recurrence, metastases and survival, in order to develop treatment algorithms for each. Patients and Methods A single institution retrospective review of all patients presenting with OFD, OFD-like adamantinoma and adamantinoma between 1973 and 2012 was undertaken. Complete data were available for 73 patients (42 with OFD; ten with an OFD-like adamantinoma and 21 with an adamantinoma). The mean follow-up was 10.3 years (3 to 25) for OFD, 9.2 years (3.0 to 26.3) for OFD-like and 11.6 years (0.25 to 33) for adamantinoma. Results The mean age at diagnosis for OFD was 13.5 years (1 to 49), 10.5 years (6 to 28) for OFD-like and 34 years (14 to 86) for adamantinoma. A total of 24 of the 42 patients with OFD (57%) have not required any treatment and have been managed with observation. A total of 18 of the 42 patients with OFD underwent surgery, 13 with curettage and five with resection. In all, three patients developed recurrence following curettage (23%) but none following resection. All these patients were cured with further limited surgery. A total of six patients initially diagnosed with OFD were subsequently found to have OFD-like adamantinoma. Of the ten patients initially diagnosed with OFD-like adamantinoma, three (30%) were managed with observation alone and seven underwent surgery, two with curettage and five with resection. Local recurrence arose in two patients, one each after curettage and resection. No patients with either OFD or an OFD-like adamantinoma developed metastases or had progression to adamantinoma. All patients with an adamantinoma were treated by surgery, three with curettage, six with amputation and 12 with excision. In all, two of the three treated with curettage developed local recurrence, requiring further surgery. Late development of both local recurrence and metastases led to a ten year disease specific survival of 93% which had dropped to 39% by 20 years. Conclusion We found no evidence of progression from OFD to adamantinoma. Conservative management with observation or curettage is often successful for patients with OFD and OFD-like adamantinoma. Resection with clear margins is required for patients with adamantinoma. Late tumour recurrence is not uncommon in adamantinoma and prolonged follow-up should be considered. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:409–16.
Atypical femoral fractures related to bisphosphonate treatment
Authors: Koh A. , Guerado E. , Giannoudis P. V. 
Published: March 2017

AimsTreatment guidelines for atypical femoral fractures associated with bisphosphonates have not been established. We conducted a systematic review of the treatment of atypical femoral fractures first, to evaluate the outcomes of surgical fixation of complete atypical fractures and secondly, to assess whether prophylactic surgery is necessary for incomplete atypical fractures.Materials and MethodsCase reports and series were identified from the PubMed database and were included if they described the treatment of atypical femoral fractures. In total, 77 publications met our inclusion criteria and 733 patients with 834 atypical complete or incomplete femoral fractures were identified.ResultsFor complete fractures, internal fixation was predominantly achieved by intramedullary nailing. The mean time to healing post-operatively was 7.3 months (2 to 31). Revision surgery for nonunion or implant failure was needed in 77 fractures (12.6%). A greater percentage of fractures treated with plate fixation (31.3%) required revision surgery than those treated with intramedullary nailing (12.9%) (p < 0.01). Non-operative treatment of incomplete fractures failed and surgery was eventually needed in nearly half of the patients (47%), whereas prophylactic surgery was successful and achieved a 97% rate of healing.ConclusionIntramedullary nailing is the first-line treatment for a complete fracture, although the risk of delayed healing and revision surgery seems to be higher than with a typical femoral fracture. Non-operative treatment does not appear to be a reliable way of treating an incomplete fracture: prophylactic intramedullary nailing should be considered if the patient is in intractable pain. Radiographs of the opposite side should be obtained routinely looking for an asymptomatic fracture. Bisphosphonates must be discontinued but ongoing metabolic management in the form of calcium and/or vitamin D supplements is advisable. Teriparatide therapy can be considered as an alternative treatment. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:295–302.
Five-year follow-up results of the PROFHER trial comparing operative and non-operative treatment of adults with a displaced fracture of the proximal humerus
Authors: Handoll H. H. , Keding A. , Corbacho B. , Brealey S. D. , Hewitt C. , Rangan A. 
Published: March 2017

Aims The PROximal Fracture of the Humerus Evaluation by Randomisation (PROFHER) randomised clinical trial compared the operative and non-operative treatment of adults with a displaced fracture of the proximal humerus involving the surgical neck. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term treatment effects beyond the two-year follow-up. Patients and Methods Of the original 250 trial participants, 176 consented to extended follow-up and were sent postal questionnaires at three, four and five years after recruitment to the trial. The Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS; the primary outcome), EuroQol 5D-3L (EQ-5D-3L), and any recent shoulder operations and fracture data were collected. Statistical and economic analyses, consistent with those of the main trial were applied. Results OSS data were available for 164, 155 and 149 participants at three, four and five years, respectively. There were no statistically or clinically significant differences between operative and non-operative treatment at each follow-up point. No participant had secondary shoulder surgery for a new complication. Analyses of EQ-5D-3L data showed no significant between-group differences in quality of life over time. Conclusion These results confirm that the main findings of the PROFHER trial over two years are unchanged at five years. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:383–92.