bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell Cycle Dynamics of Cultured Coral Endosymbiotic Microalgae (Symbiodinium) Across Different Types (Species) Under Alternate Light and Temperature Conditions
Authors: Fujise Lisa , Nitschke Matthew R. , Frommlet Jörg C. , Serôdio João , Woodcock Stephen , Ralph Peter J. , Suggett David J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDinoflagellates of the genus Symbiodinium live in symbiosis with many invertebrates, including reef‐building corals. Hosts maintain this symbiosis through continuous regulation of Symbiodinium cell density via expulsion and degradation (postmitotic) and/or constraining cell growth and division through manipulation of the symbiont cell cycle (premitotic). Importance of premitotic regulation is unknown since little data exists on cell cycles for the immense genetic diversity of Symbiodinium. We therefore examined cell cycle progression for several distinct SymbiodiniumITS2‐types (B1, C1, D1a). All types exhibited typical microalgal cell cycle progression, G1 phase through to S phase during the light period, and S phase to G2/M phase during the dark period. However, the proportion of cells in these phases differed between strains and reflected differences in growth rates. Undivided larger cells with 3n DNA content were observed especially in type D1a, which exhibited a distinct cell cycle pattern. We further compared cell cycle patterns under different growth light intensities and thermal regimes. Whilst light intensity did not affect cell cycle patterns, heat stress inhibited cell cycle progression and arrested all strains in G1 phase. We discuss the importance of understanding Symbiodinium functional diversity and how our findings apply to clarify stability of host‐Symbiodinium symbioses.
Confusion Strongly Associated with Antibiotic Prescribing Due to Suspected Urinary Tract Infections in Nursing Homes
Authors: Mayne Sean , Sundvall Pär‐Daniel , Gunnarsson Ronny 
Published: January 2018

ObjectivesTo quantify the prevalence of documented urinary tract infection (UTI), nonspecific symptoms, and antibiotic treatment of suspected UTI in nursing homes (NHs) in the tropics and to describe the typical resident likely to receive antibiotic treatment for suspected UTI and factors associated with the development of confusion, fatigue, and restlessness.DesignCross‐sectional.SettingFive far north Queensland NHs in tropical Australia.ParticipantsNH residents (N = 450).MeasurementsChart reviews of NH residents between August 28, 2015, and June 21, 2016, to determine the prevalence of documented UTI, new or worsening nonspecific and specific symptoms that are specific or nonspecific to the urinary tract, antibiotic use, medical conditions, and medication factors.ResultsUTI accounted for 33% of all current infections treated with antibiotics and 40% of all infections treated with antibiotics within the last 30 days. One in 5 NH residents had received antibiotics within the last 30 days, of which 45% were for UTI. The most significant factors independently associated with antibiotics for UTI were urinary catheter (OR = 13, 95% CI = 2.4–67, P = .003), urinary frequency (OR = 10, 95% CI = 2.2–47, P = .003), fever (OR = 10, 95% CI = 1.3–85, P = .028), new‐onset hypotension (OR = 10, 95% CI = 1.4–73, P = .024), and confusion (OR = 8.9, 95% CI = 3.1–26, P < .001). Of these, confusion was the most prevalent factor in the population.ConclusionUTI is commonly documented in NH residents, with new or worsening confusion being one of the strongest factors associated with antibiotic treatment for suspected UTI.
Geriatric Emergency Department Innovations: Transitional Care Nurses and Hospital Use
Authors: Hwang Ula , Dresden Scott M. , Rosenberg Mark S. , Garrido Melissa M. , Loo George , Sze Jeremy , Gravenor Stephanie , Courtney D. Mark , Kang Raymond , Zhu Carolyn W. , Vargas‐Torres Carmen , Grudzen Corita R. , Richardson Lynne D. ,   The GEDI WISE Investigators
Published: January 2018

ObjectivesTo examine the effect of an emergency department (ED)‐based transitional care nurse (TCN) on hospital use.DesignProspective observational cohort.SettingThree U.S. (NY, IL, NJ) EDs from January 1, 2013, to June 30, 2015.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 65 and older in the ED (N = 57,287).InterventionThe intervention was first TCN contact. Controls never saw a TCN during the study period.MeasurementsWe examined sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with TCN use and outcomes. The primary outcome was inpatient admission during the index ED visit (admission on Day 0). Secondary outcomes included cumulative 30‐day admission (any admission on Days 0–30) and 72‐hour ED revisits.ResultsA TCN saw 5,930 (10%) individuals, 42% of whom were admitted. After accounting for observed selection bias using entropy balance, results showed that when compared to controls, TCN contact was associated with lower risk of admission (site 1: −9.9% risk of inpatient admission, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −12.3% to −7.5%; site 2: −16.5%, 95% CI = −18.7% to −14.2%; site 3: −4.7%, 95% CI = −7.5% to −2.0%). Participants with TCN contact had greater risk of a 72‐hour ED revisit at two sites (site 1: 1.5%, 95% CI = 0.7–2.3%; site 2: 1.4%, 95% CI = 0.7–2.1%). Risk of any admission within 30 days of the index ED visit also remained lower for TCN patients at both these sites (site 1: −7.8%, 95% CI = −10.3% to −5.3%; site 2: −13.8%, 95% CI = −16.1% to −11.6%).ConclusionTargeted evaluation by geriatric ED transitions of care staff may be an effective delivery innovation to reduce risk of inpatient admission.
Competing Risks of Fracture and Death in Older Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Hall Rasheeda K. , Sloane Richard , Pieper Carl , Van Houtven Courtney , LaFleur Joanne , Adler Robert , Colón‐Emeric Cathleen 
Published: January 2018

ObjectivesTo examine whether chronic kidney disease (CKD) at any stage is associated with fracture risk after adjusting for competing mortality and to determine whether age or race modify the relationship between CKD and fracture risk.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingDepartment of Veterans Affairs (VA) national healthcare system.ParticipantsMen receiving VA primary care aged 65 and older with no history of fracture or osteoporosis therapy (N = 712, 918).MeasurementsWe determined CKD stage from baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Participants were followed for up to 10 years for occurrence of any fracture or death. We ascertained fractures and covariates from VA medical records and Medicare claims.ResultsOf the 356,459 older veterans with CKD (defined as eGFR <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2), 15.7% (n = 56,032) experienced a fracture, and 43.0% (n = 153,438) died over a median time at risk of 5.2 years. Veterans with CKD Stages 3 to 5 had a greater risk of death than those without CKD, which biased estimates from traditional survival models. Competing risk models showed that Stage 3 CKD was associated with greater hazard (adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio (sdHR) = 1.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02–1.11) of fracture (than those without CKD) and a trend toward greater hazard for Stage 4 (sdHR = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.94–1.22) and Stage 5 (sdHR = 1.31, 95% CI = 0.97–1.77) CKD. Age, race, and bone mineral density did not modify the relationship between CKD and fracture risk.ConclusionsIn older male veterans, CKD, including Stage 3, is associated with a moderately greater fracture risk irrespective of age, race, or bone mineral density.
ZmCOL3, a CCT gene represses flowering in maize by interfering with the circadian clock and activating expression of ZmCCT
Authors: Jin Minliang , Liu Xiangguo , Jia Wei , Liu Haijun , Li Wenqiang , Peng Yong , Du Yanfang , Wang Yuebin , Yin Yuejia , Zhang Xuehai , Liu Qing , Deng Min , Li Nan , Cui Xiyan , Hao Dongyun , Yan Jianbing 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFlowering time is a trait vital to the adaptation of flowering plants to different environments. Here, we report that CCT domain genes play an important role in flowering in maize (Zea mays L.). Among the 53 CCT family genes we identified in maize, 28 were located in flowering time quantitative trait locus regions and 15 were significantly associated with flowering time, based on candidate‐gene association mapping analysis. Furthermore, a CCT gene named ZmCOL3 was shown to be a repressor of flowering. Overexpressing ZmCOL3 delayed flowering time by approximately 4 d, in either long‐day or short‐day conditions. The absence of one cytosine in the ZmCOL3 3'UTR and the presence of a 551 bp fragment in the promoter region are likely the causal polymorphisms contributing to the maize adaptation from tropical to temperate regions. We propose a modified model of the maize photoperiod pathway, wherein ZmCOL3 acts as an inhibitor of flowering either by transactivating transcription of ZmCCT, one of the key genes regulating maize flowering, or by interfering with the circadian clock.
Metamorphic zoning and behaviour of an underthrusting continental plate
Authors: Möller Charlotte , Andersson Jenny 
Published: January 2018

AbstractLower continental plates of collision zones are normally inaccessible and their properties inferred by geophysical surveying. By contrast, the eastern margin of the deeply eroded 1‐billion‐year‐old Sveconorwegian Orogen in Scandinavia exposes an underthrusting lower continental plate that records the metamorphic evolution and behaviour during collisional orogeny. A 200 km wide structurally coherent belt of the mid‐ to upper levels of the underthrusting lower plate, composed of Proterozoic igneous protoliths, exposes the gradual transition from unmetamorphosed to high‐P granulite facies. Metamorphic assemblages in Fe–Ti‐rich metagabbro in a continuous ~120 km wide transect across the lower continental plate define a regional metamorphic zoning by eight zones. Significant metamorphic recrystallization is first recorded at conditions of lower to middle amphibolite facies (550–600°C), progressing successively towards the contact with the upper plate to high‐P granulite facies at ~850°C and 10–11 kbar, the latter corresponding to ~40 km depth. An eclogite‐bearing tectonic terrane, detached from the leading edge of the underthrusting plate and extruded back along the interface with the overlying crust, occurs just beneath the lithotectonic contact of the overriding plate. The gradual metamorphic transition demonstrates that, with the exception of the eclogite‐bearing terrane, the underthrusting plate remained essentially structurally coherent despite highly ductile deformation and partial melting. The metamorphic rocks record that, by and large, the underthrusting plate underwent short‐lived metamorphic recrystallization and deformation that started first at an advanced stage of collision, at c. 980–970 Ma; this is in contrast to the eclogite‐bearing terrane which records more protracted metamorphic recrystallization both through prograde metamorphism and decompression. The investigated section is the first described in situ exposure of a coherent underthrusting lower continental plate, and defines a metamorphic field gradient at higher temperatures and P/T than the classical Barrovian style. The exposed section provides potential for increasing understanding of the thermal evolution, rheology, petrophysical properties and distribution of volatiles in an elsewhere inaccessible part of Earth's collisional systems. The data demonstrate that the underthrusting lower continental plate differs in metamorphic character from other parts of orogenic systems in that the crust is relatively dry, competent and responds by significant metamorphic recrystallization first at elevated temperatures (middle amphibolite facies) and that metamorphic recrystallization is largely coupled to deformation that facilitates the entry of hydrous fluids into the crust.
Bidirectional variation in glutamate efflux in the medial prefrontal cortex induced by selective positive and negative allosteric mGluR5 modulators
Authors: Isherwood Sarah N. , Robbins Trevor W. , Dalley Jeffrey W. , Pekcec Anton 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDysregulation of prefrontal cortical glutamatergic signalling via NMDA receptor hypofunction has been implicated in cognitive dysfunction and impaired inhibitory control in such neuropsychiatric disorders as schizophrenia, attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder and drug addiction. Although NMDA receptors functionally interact with metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5), the consequence of this interaction for glutamate release in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) remains unknown. We therefore investigated the effects of positive and negative allosteric mGluR5 modulation on changes in extracellular glutamate efflux in the medial PFC (mPFC) induced by systemic administration of the non‐competitive NMDA receptor antagonist dizocilpine (or MK801) in rats. Extracellular glutamate efflux was measured following systemic administration of the positive allosteric mGluR5 modulator [S‐(4‐Fluoro‐phenyl)‐{3‐[3‐(4‐fluoro‐phenyl)‐[1,2,4]‐oxadiazol‐5‐yl]‐piperidin‐1‐yl}‐methanone] (ADX47273; 100 mg/kg, p.o.) and negative allosteric mGluR5 modulator [2‐chloro‐4‐{[1‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐2,5‐dimethyl‐1H‐imidazol‐4‐yl]ethynyl}pyridine] (RO4917523; 0.3 mg/kg, p.o.), using a wireless glutamate biosensor in awake, freely moving rats. The effect of MK801 (0.03–0.06 mg/kg, s.c.) on mPFC glutamate efflux was also investigated in addition to the effects of MK801 (0.03 mg/kg, s.c.) following ADX47273 (100 mg/kg, p.o.) pre‐treatment. ADX47273 produced a sustained increase in glutamate efflux and increased the effect of NMDA receptor antagonism on glutamate efflux in the mPFC. In contrast, negative allosteric mGluR5 modulation with RO4917523 decreased glutamate efflux in the mPFC. These findings indicate that positive and negative allosteric mGluR5 modulators produce long lasting and opposing actions on extracellular glutamate efflux in the mPFC. Positive and negative allosteric modulators of mGluR5 may therefore be viable therapeutic agents to correct abnormalities in glutamatergic signalling present in a range of neuropsychiatric disorders.image
Kinetic modeling of [18F]VAT, a novel radioligand for positron emission tomography imaging vesicular acetylcholine transporter in non‐human primate brain
Authors: Jin Hongjun , Yue Xuyi , Liu Hui , Han Junbin , Flores Hubert , Su Yi , Parsons Stanley M. , Perlmutter Joel S. , Tu Zhude 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMolecular imaging of vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) in the brain provides an important cholinergic biomarker for the pathophysiology and treatment of dementias including Alzheimer's disease. In this study, kinetics modeling methods were applied and compared for quantifying regional brain uptake of the VAChT‐specific positron emission tomography radiotracer, ((−)‐(1‐(‐8‐(2‐fluoroethoxy)‐3‐hydroxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydronaphthalen‐2‐yl)piperidin‐4‐yl)(4‐fluorophenyl)‐methanone) ([18F]VAT) in macaques. Total volume distribution (VT) estimates were compared for one‐tissue compartment model (1TCM), two‐tissue compartment model (2TCM), Logan graphic analysis (LoganAIF) and multiple linear analysis (MA1) with arterial blood input function using data from three macaques. Using the cerebellum‐hemispheres as the reference region with data from seven macaques, three additional models were compared: reference tissue model (RTM), simplified RTM (SRTM), and Logan graphic analysis (LoganREF). Model selection criterion indicated that a) 2TCM and SRTM were the most appropriate kinetics models for [18F]VAT; and b) SRTM was strongly correlated with 2TCM (Pearson's coefficients r > 0.93, p < 0.05). Test–retest studies demonstrated that [18F]VAT has good reproducibility and reliability (TRV < 10%, ICC > 0.72). These studies demonstrate [18F]VAT is a promising VAChT positron emission tomography tracer for quantitative assessment of VAChT levels in the brain of living subjects.
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Ndrg2 deficiency ameliorates neurodegeneration in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Le Thuong Manh , Takarada‐Iemata Mika , Ta Hieu Minh , Roboon Jureepon , Ishii Hiroshi , Tamatani Takashi , Kitao Yasuko , Hattori Tsuyoshi , Hori Osamu 
Published: January 2018

AbstractN‐myc downstream‐regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) is a differentiation‐ and stress‐associated molecule that is predominantly expressed in astrocytes in the central nervous system. In this study, we examined the expression and role of NDRG2 in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which is an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the expression of NDRG2 was observed in astrocytes of spinal cord, and was enhanced after EAE induction. A comparative analysis of wild‐type and Ndrg2−/− mice revealed that deletion of Ndrg2 ameliorated the clinical symptoms of EAE. Although Ndrg2 deficiency only slightly affected the inflammatory response, based on the results of flow cytometry, qRT‐PCR, and immunohistochemistry, it significantly reduced demyelination in the chronic phase, and, more importantly, neurodegeneration both in the acute and chronic phases. Further studies revealed that the expression of astrocytic glutamate transporters, including glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST) and glutamate transporter 1, was more maintained in the Ndrg2−/− mice compared with wild‐type mice after EAE induction. Consistent with these results, studies using cultured astrocytes revealed that Ndrg2 gene silencing increased the expression of GLAST, while NDRG2 over‐expression decreased it without altering the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein. The effect of NDRG2 on GLAST expression was associated with the activation of Akt, but not with the activation of nuclear factor‐kappa B. These findings suggest that NDRG2 plays a key role in the pathology of EAE by modulating glutamate metabolism.
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Cover Image for this Issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.14173.
A dual role for Integrin α6β4 in modulating hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies
Authors: Poitelon Yannick , Matafora Vittoria , Silvestri Nicholas , Zambroni Desirée , McGarry Claire , Serghany Nora , Rush Thomas , Vizzuso Domenica , Court Felipe A. , Bachi Angela , Wrabetz Lawrence , Feltri Maria Laura 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPeripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) is a component of compact myelin in the peripheral nervous system. The amount of PMP22 in myelin is tightly regulated, and PMP22 over or under‐expression cause Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth 1A (CMT1A) and Hereditary Neuropathy with Pressure Palsies (HNPP). Despite the importance of PMP22, its function remains largely unknown. It was reported that PMP22 interacts with the β4 subunit of the laminin receptor α6β4 integrin, suggesting that α6β4 integrin and laminins may contribute to the pathogenesis of CMT1A or HNPP. Here we asked if the lack of α6β4 integrin in Schwann cells influences myelin stability in the HNPP mouse model. Our data indicate that PMP22 and β4 integrin may not interact directly in myelinating Schwann cells, however, ablating β4 integrin delays the formation of tomacula, a characteristic feature of HNPP. In contrast, ablation of integrin β4 worsens nerve conduction velocities and non‐compact myelin organization in HNPP animals. This study demonstrates that indirect interactions between an extracellular matrix receptor and a myelin protein influence the stability and function of myelinated fibers.
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Faim2 contributes to neuroprotection by erythropoietin in transient brain ischemia
Authors: Komnig Daniel , Gertz Karen , Habib Pardes , Nolte Kay W. , Meyer Tareq , Brockmann Marc A. , Endres Matthias , Rathkolb Birgit , Hrabě de Angelis Martin ,   German Mouse Clinic Consortium, Schulz Jörg B. , Falkenburger Björn H. , Reich Arno 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDelayed cell death in the penumbra region of acute ischemic stroke occurs through apoptotic mechanisms, making it amenable to therapeutic interventions. Fas/CD95 mediates apoptotic cell death in response to external stimuli. In mature neurons, Fas/CD95 signaling is modulated by Fas‐apoptotic inhibitory molecule 2 (Faim2), which reduces cell death in animal models of stroke, meningitis, and Parkinson disease. Erythropoietin (EPO) has been studied as a therapeutic strategy in ischemic stroke. Erythropoietin stimulates the phosphatidylinositol‐3 kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) pathway, which regulates Faim2 expression. Therefore, up‐regulation of Faim2 may contribute to neuroprotection by EPO. Male Faim2‐deficient mice (Faim2−/−) and wild‐type littermates (WT) were subjected to 30 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) followed by 72 h of reperfusion. EPO was applied before (30 min) and after (24 and 48 h) MCAo. In WT mice application of EPO at a low dose (5000 U/kg) significantly reduced stroke volume, whereas treatment with high dose (90 000 U/kg) did not. In Faim2−/− animals administration of low‐dose EPO did not result in a significant reduction in stroke volume. Faim2 expression as measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) increased after low‐dose EPO but not with high dose. An extensive phenotyping including analysis of cerebral vessel architecture did not reveal confounding differences between the genotypes. In human post‐mortem brain Faim2 displayed a differential expression in areas of penumbral ischemia. Faim2 up‐regulation may contribute to the neuroprotective effects of low‐dose erythropoietin in transient brain ischemia. The dose‐dependency may explain mixed effects of erythropoietin observed in clinical stroke trials.
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