bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights and their emergence in everyday practices
Authors: Trasmundi Sarah Bro , Linell Per 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The aim of this article is twofold. First, it is a theoretical and empirically based contribution to the branch of research that studies enabling conditions of human sense-making. It demonstrates the value of a coherent ecological framework, based on dialogism and interactivity for the study of sense-making, problem-solving and task performance in naturalistic contexts. Second, it presents a promising method for the analysis of cognitive activities, Cognitive Event Analysis (CEA), with which we investigate real-life medical interactions, especially the emergence of insights in procedural task performance in emergency medicine. We show how sense-making and insights are accomplished by medical teams when they integrate cultural expertise, professional skills, inter-bodily dynamics, material constraints and affordances within the environment, i.e. when local co-action is embedded in socio-cultural patterns of behaviour.
Nations in news
Authors: Pfeilstetter Richard 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This contribution investigates the stereotyping of nations in TV news text. It compares the headline appearances of the names Germany and Spain on each other’s leading national evening TV news program during the peak of the European financial crisis (2011–13). The paper combines quantitative analysis of word-frequency and topic-distribution in a 621 headline-corpus, with in-depth case analysis of news values underpinning 32 extracted headline examples. A discussion of literature in media anthropology and Critical Discourse Analysis concludes with the argument that intentions and consequences of media discourse should be separated, whereas differences between ordinary and official language should not be overvalued. The case study shows how the textual display of Germans and Spaniards supports the everyday imagining of national belonging, how othering works through the labelling of nations as “economies”, and how negativity, competition and relatedness are prevailing values underlying the examined news headlines.
How words behave in other languages
Authors: Schröter Melani 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This paper undertakes a systematic investigation into the use of German Nazi vocabulary in English. Nazi vocabulary is checked for frequency of occurrence in a large web corpus of English and then, where it occurs, for reference to Nazi discourse. Next, its frequency is compared to similar French and German web corpora, showing whether or not the use of Nazi vocabulary outside German is unique to English and whether or not its current usage differs between German and the borrowing languages. Finally, the use of two words that occur with similar frequencies in all three languages – judenrein and Blitzkrieg – and of two words that occur there with the highest difference in frequency – Anschluss and Lebensraum – is investigated in detail by means of the Sketch Engine corpus tool, including an analysis of collocations which indicate contexts of usage. The results can inform further research into lexical borrowing by demonstrating that borrowed words may be used in ways that differ notably from their use in the donor language.
Oral language development among Mandarin learners in Chinese homestays
Authors: Diao Wenhao , Donovan Anne , Malone Margaret 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This mixed-method study describes the oral Mandarin development of 25 American students living in Chinese homestays, and how it may
relate to the ways they respond to opportunities for interaction with their host families. While scholars have begun to examine
students’ Mandarin development during their sojourns in China, there is little research regarding changes in their holistic oral
proficiency and how such changes may be related to the quality of interaction they have with their interlocutors. The results of
this study show robust gains in proficiency ratings of their oral performances over the course of one semester. A case study of
two purposefully selected student performances – one who demonstrated the most prominent proficiency gains and the other who
showed no gains – reveals differences in the ways they respond to opportunities for interaction. These findings provide
suggestions on ways to best facilitate students’ learning experience while living with host families.
“What’s the sign fornitty gritty?”
Authors: Petitta Giulia , Halley Mark , Nicodemus Brenda 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHumans have the unique capability of using language to talk about language (Jakobson 1957). For example, one can say, “The Italian word fordogiscane.” These metalinguistic references can create a dilemma for interpreters because the critical linguistic term (i.e.,cane) must be maintained in the target language to create meaning. Spoken language interpreters can render the original form since both working languages are expressed in the same modality (speech-speech). However, signed language interpreters who work between languages having distinct modalities (speech-sign), thus, must interpret forms between different phonological structures. We videorecorded ten experienced American Sign Language-English interpreters as they interpreted a mock training session containing metalinguistic references. Results showed interpreters employed numerous strategies to manage and coordinate the target language output.
Invisible no more
Authors: Spooner Ruth Anna , Sutton-Spence Rachel , Lerner Miriam Nathan , Lerner Kenny 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We report here on strategies used in the art of literary translation between ASL and English through the self-reflections of three ASL-English “translators” as they grapple with the varying degrees of translator visibility that push them beyond the traditional expectations of faceless translators into becoming performers of the translated texts. During translation, their faces, hands, and/or voices embody the text, becoming an integral part of the piece, which adds layers of complexity to the ways we think about the translator’s role and the process of translation. We hope that our reflections will challenge prevailing notions about creating, performing, and translating ASL literature, as well as raise questions about recasting the role of the translator and the body in sign language translation.
Didactic subtitling in the Foreign Language (FL) classroom. Improving language skills through task-based practice and Form-Focused Instruction (FFI)
Authors: Ragni Valentina 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDidactic subtitling is a relatively new area of investigation that is undergoing a surge in popularity. By bringing together findings from Audiovisual Translation (AVT), Second Language Acquisition (SLA) and psycholinguistics, some theoretical issues related to the practice of subtitle creation in Foreign Language Learning (FLL) are appraised. The article introduces Task-Based Learning and Teaching (TBLT) and reflects on what didactic subtitling can and cannot offer to TBLT approaches. In a still predominantly communicative era, language researchers are questioning the effectiveness ofentirelycommunicative approaches to FLL. Many support the idea that, if successful learning is to be achieved, some Form-Focused Instruction (FFI) is needed. This article reviews relevant FFI literature, and explores how far active subtitling can provide an effective strategy for focussing on form that leads to communicative language development. In doing so, concepts such as noticing, skill development, interaction, pushed output and consciousness-raising are addressed. It is argued that a combination of task-based and form-focused instruction in the subtitling classroom can have great potential and should be investigated further, both theoretically and empirically.
Exploring the possibilities of interactive audiovisual activities for language learning
Authors: Sokoli Stavroula 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Language teachers often resort to video to familiarise their students with contextualised linguistic and cultural aspects of communication. Since they tend to consider learning-by-doing more effective than learning-by-viewing, they try to further exploit this valuable asset through active tasks, such as taking notes or answering comprehension questions, silent viewing and predicting, ordering sentences, role-playing, analysing, summarising and describing (Zabalbeascoa et al. 2015). Advances in ICT have enabled more interactive options, with a view to expanding the range of available activities to include audiovisual translation (AVT) activities, such as subtitling and dubbing. This is the focus of ClipFlair, a project which developed a platform for creating and hosting such activities and a pedagogical proposal based on the idea that language learning can be enhanced with the use of activities asking learners to work from a video by inserting their own writing (captioning) or speech (revoicing). Based on this framework, a whole range of possible activities are open to teachers, beyond standard subtitling and dubbing.
This paper starts out by briefly describing previous work done in the area and goes on to illustrate the ClipFlair conceptual framework including the educational specifications for the web platform, after the description of which concrete examples are provided in order to expand on the possible audiovisual activities that can be used in a language classroom and beyond. Finally, the paper gives an account of the learner survey carried out during the pilot phase of the project, which included feedback provided by more than a thousand learners and teachers.
Coordination of the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes program: so the whole is greater than the sum of its parts
Authors: Smith Brian , Knox Susan , Benjamin Daniel K. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose of review
The Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program's mission is to enhance the health of children for generations to come. In this manuscript, we describe the structure of the ECHO Coordinating Center (ECHO-CC) and its role in developing the infrastructure for the ECHO program.

Recent findings
The ECHO-CC supports ECHO's mission by developing the framework of the ECHO program, coordinating multiple levels of membership in the ECHO community, developing ECHO policies and procedures, and fostering communication and engagement inside and outside of ECHO.

Summary
The ECHO-CC has used a number of innovative methods for organization, communication, and engagement to enable the ECHO program to become greater than the sum of its parts.
Grading Using Ki-67 Index and Mitotic Rate Increases the Prognostic Accuracy of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Philips Prejesh , Kooby David A. , Maithel Shishir , Merchant Nipun B. , Weber Sharon M. , Winslow Emily R. , Ahmad Syed , Kim Hong J. , Scoggins Charles R. , McMasters Kelly M. , Martin Robert C.G. 
Published: January 2018

Objectives
To measure the usefulness of Ki-67 proliferative index (Ki-67 index) as a prognostic variable for grading pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.

Methods
A multi-institutional prospective database comprising 350 patients. Grading based on mitotic activity (<2 mitoses/10 high-power fields, 2–20 and >20) and Ki-67 index (<3% per 10 high-power fields, 3%-20% and >20%). Final grade selected based on higher grade of either variable.

Results
Most patients were in the less than 3% (n = 158) and 3% to 20% Ki-67 category (n = 107), with a minority being high-grade (Ki-67 > 20%, n = 27). Discordance between Ki-67 and mitotic rate was noted in 58 patients. On multivariate analysis, final-grade (grade 2: P = 0.010, hazard ratio [HR], 1.2; grade 3: P = 0.002; HR, 2.8), Ki-67, mitotic rate, and lymph node status were significant prognostic markers for overall survival (OS). For disease-free survival (DFS), only final-grade (grade 2: P = 0.05; HR, 1.4; grade 3: P = 0.009; HR, 2.3), Ki-67, mitotic rate, and margin status significantly predicted DFS. Ki-67 was a better model for OS and mitotic rate for DFS. Overall combined final grade was the best model based on HR.

Conclusion
Ki-67 is a strong prognostic factor for OS and DFS and should be included in all pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor pathology.
Evaluating the July Phenomenon in Plastic Surgery: A National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Analysis
Authors: Rangel Lauren K. , Gonzalez Jose A. , Kantar Rami S. , Plana Natalie M. , Rifkin William J. , Stranix John T. , Diaz-Siso J. Rodrigo , Rodriguez Eduardo D. 
Published: January 2018

Background:
The perception that complications are more frequent earlier in the medical academic year, known as the “July phenomenon,” has been studied in several specialties, with conflicting results. This phenomenon has yet to be studied in plastic surgery; therefore, this study sought to evaluate the presence of the July phenomenon within plastic surgery.

Methods:
The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was accessed, and cases from 2005 to 2014 where “plastic surgery” was listed as the surgical specialty were identified. Only cases with trainee involvement were included for analysis. Included cases were stratified into two groups based on calendar-year quarter of admission. The quarter-3 group included 2451 cases performed during July to September of each calendar year, and the remaining-quarters group included 7131 cases performed in the remaining quarters of each calendar year. Complication rates for 24 complications of interest for quarter-3 and remaining-quarters cases with trainee involvement were calculated, chi-square analysis was used to compare complication rates between groups. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to control for potential confounders.

Results:
Comparison of complication rates within operations with trainee involvement showed a statistically significant increase in quarter-3 versus remaining-quarters groups for superficial wound infection (0.032 versus 0.023; p = 0.046) and wound dehiscence (0.010 versus 0.006; p = 0.034). No significant difference was found for the remaining 22 complications evaluated.

Conclusion:
This study of a nationwide surgical database found that for the vast majority of complications coded in the database, the rates do not increase in the beginning of the academic year.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.
Genetic potential for disease resistance in a critically endangered frog decimated by chytridiomycosis
Authors: Kosch Tiffany A. , Silva Catarina N. S. , Brannelly Laura A. , Roberts Alexandra A. , Lau Quintin , Berger Lee , Skerratt Lee F. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSouthern corroboree frogs (Pseudophryne corroboree) have been driven to functional extinction in the wild after the emergence of the amphibian fungal pathogenBatrachochytrium dendrobatidis(Bd) in southeastern Australia in the 1980s. This species is currently maintained in a captive assurance colony and is managed to preserve the genetic diversity of the founding populations. However, it is unlikely that self-sustaining wild populations can be re-established unlessBdresistance increases. We performed aBd-challenge study to investigate the association between genetic variants of the major histocompatibility complex class IA (MHC) and genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We also investigated differences inBdsusceptibility among individuals and populations, and the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of four naturalP. corroboreepopulations. We found several MHC alleles and SNPs associated withBdinfection load and survival, provide evidence of significant structure among populations, and identified population-level differences in the frequency of influential variants. We also detected evidence of positive selection acting on the MHC and a subset of SNPs as well as evidence of high genetic diversity inP. corroboreepopulations. We suggest that low interbreeding rates may have contributed to the demise of this species by limiting the spread ofBdresistance genes. However, our findings demonstrate that despite dramatic declines there is potential to restore high levels of genetic diversity inP. corroboree. Additionally, we show that there are immunogenetic differences among captive southern corroboree frogs, which could be manipulated to increase disease resistance and mitigate the key threatening process, chytridiomycosis.
Audio-tactile and peripersonal space processing around the trunk in human parietal and temporal cortex: an intracranial EEG study
Authors: Bernasconi Fosco , Noel Jean-Paul , Park Hyeong Dong , Faivre Nathan , Seeck Margitta , Spinelli Laurent , Schaller Karl , Blanke Olaf , Serino Andrea 
Published: January 2018

AbstractInteractions with the environment happen by the medium of the body within one’s peripersonal space (PPS) - the space surrounding the body. Studies in monkey and humans have highlighted a multisensory distributed cortical network representing the PPS. However, electrophysiological evidence for a multisensory encoding of PPS in humans is lacking. Here, we recorded for the first time intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) in humans while administering tactile stimulation (T) on the trunk, approaching auditory stimuli (A), and the combination of the two (AT). To map PPS, in AT trials, tactile stimulation was delivered when the sound was far, at an intermediate location, or close to the body. We first identified electrodes showing AT multisensory integration (i.e., AT vs. A+T): 19% of the recording electrodes. Among those electrodes, we identified those showing a PPS effect (30% of the AT electrodes), i.e., a modulation of the evoked response to AT stimulation as a function of the distance between the sound and body. For most sites, AT multisensory integration and PPS effects had similar spatiotemporal characteristics, with an early response (~50ms) in the insular cortex, and later responses (~200ms) in pre‐ and post-central gyri. Superior temporal cortex showed a different response pattern with AT multisensory integration at ~100ms without PPS effect. These results, representing the first iEEG delineation of PPS processing in humans, show that PPS processing happens at neural sites where also multisensory integration occurs and at similar time periods, suggesting that PPS representation (around the trunk) is based on a spatial modulation of multisensory integration.
Shallow evolutionary divergence between two Andean hummingbirds: Speciation with gene flow?
Authors: Palacios Catalina , García-R Silvana , Parra Juan Luis , Cuervo Andrés M. , Stiles F. Gary , McCormack John E. , Cadena Carlos Daniel 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEcological speciation can proceed despite genetic interchange when selection counteracts homogeneizing effects of migration. We tested predictions of this divergence-with-gene-flow model inCoeligena heliantheaandC. bonapartei, two parapatric Andean hummigbirds with marked plumage divergence. We sequenced neutral markers (mtDNA and nuclear ultra conserved elements) to examine genetic structure and gene flow, and a candidate gene (MC1R) to assess its role underlying divergence in coloration. We also tested the prediction of Glogers’ rule that darker forms occur in more humid environments, and compared ecomorphological variables to assess adaptive mechanisms potentially promoting divergence. Genetic differentiation between species was very low and coalescent estimates of migration were consistent with divergence with gene flow.MC1Rvariation was unrelated to phenotypic differences. Species did not differ in macroclimatic niches but were distinct in ecomorphology. Although we reject adaptation to variation in humidity as the cause of divergence, we hypothesize that speciation likely occurred in the face of gene flow, driven by other ecological pressures or by sexual selection. Marked phenotypic divergence with no neutral genetic differentiation is remarkable for Neotropical birds, and makesC. heliantheaandC. bonaparteian appropriate system in which to search for the genetic basis of species differences employing genomics.
Development of PTSD-like behavior in adult mice after observing an acute traumatic event
Authors: Lee Ray X. , Stephens Greg J. , Kuhn Bernd 
Published: January 2018

SummaryIn human post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a major psychiatry challenge is how diverse stress reactions emerge after a protracted symptom-free period. Here, we study the behavioral development in mice isolated after observing an aggressive encounter inflicted upon their pair-housed partners and compared the results with those in multiple control paradigms. Compared with mice plainly isolated, mice isolated following the acute witnessing social stress gradually developed a wide range of long-term differences of their physiological conditions, spontaneous behaviors, and social interactions, including paradoxical results if interpreted in traditional ways. To address this developmental diversity, we applied fine-scale behavioral analysis to standard behavioral tests and showed that the seemingly sudden emergent behavioral differences developed gradually. Mice showed different developmental patterns in different zones of a behavior testing apparatus. However, the results of the fine-scale analysis together with state-space behavioral characterization allow a consistent interpretation of the seemingly conflicting observations among multiple tests. Interestingly, these behavioral differences were not observed if the aggressive encounter happened to a stranger mouse. Additionally, traumatized mice showed rebound responses to their partners after the long separation. In contrast, mice pair-housed with their attacked partners after the aggressive encounters still showed a difference in social interactions, while a difference in spontaneous behaviors did not occur. Accordingly, we propose that social relationship is the single common factor underlying the otherwise independent development of behavioral differences in this mouse paradigm and that the gained insights could have parallels in human PTSD development.
Observation weights to unlock bulk RNA-seq tools for zero inflation and single-cell applications
Authors: Van den Berge Koen , Perraudeau Fanny , Soneson Charlotte , Love Michael I. , Risso Davide , Vert Jean-Philippe , Robinson Mark D. , Dudoit Sandrine , Clement Lieven 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDropout events in single-cell transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-seq) cause many transcripts to go undetected and induce an excess of zero read counts, leading to power issues in differential expression (DE) analysis. This has triggered the development of bespoke scRNA-seq DE methods to cope with zero inflation. Recent evaluations, however, have shown that dedicated scRNA-seq tools provide no advantage compared to traditional bulk RNA-seq tools. We introduce a weighting strategy, based on a zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) model, that identifies excess zero counts and generates gene and cell-specific weights to unlock bulk RNA-seq DE pipelines for zero-inflated data, boosting performance for scRNA-seq.