bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of testicular organ culture system for the evaluation of spermatogenesis impairment
Authors: Nakagiri Hideaki , Ogawa Takehiko , Ikeda Naohiro , Terasaka Shimpei , Nukada Yuko , Miyazawa Masaaki 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRecently, it was reported that a testicular organ culture system (TOCS) using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) chips with excellent oxygen permeability and biocompatibility, called the PDMS-chip ceiling (PC) method, enables improved spermatogenesis efficiency. We investigated whether this PC method is useful for detecting impaired spermatogenesis caused by busulfan (Bu), a typical testicular toxicant. In this study, testicular tissue fragments from Acro3-EGFP mice, which express the green fluorescent protein (GFP) and reflect the progression of spermatogenesis, were subjected to the PC method. When treated with Bu, cultured tissues shrank in volume, and their GFP-expressing area decreased or disappeared. Histological examination confirmed the regression of spermatogenesis. In addition, immunohistochemical examination revealed that spermatogonia, including spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), were the primary targets of Bu toxicity. Time-course analysis demonstrated that the recovery of spermatogenesis, dependent on Bu concentration, correlated closely with the severity of damage to these target cells. These results suggest that the PC method is a useful approach for detecting spermatogenesis impairment accurately through faithful recapitulation of spermatogenesis in vivo.
Culture shapes how we describe facial expressions
Authors: Wnuk Ewelina , Wodowski Jan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFrom Darwin through Wittgenstein to contemporary scientific investigations, it has been argued humans tend to view facial expressions through a mentalistic lens. According to this view, when looking at someone’s expressive face, we see emotion and are unable to describe the face in behavioral terms, i.e., name the details of facial movements. At the same time, however, a growing body of work shows cultures in fact differ in the degree of importance they attribute to mental states and willingness to discuss them. Is this variation reflected in the linguistic coding of facial expressions? To explore this, we conducted two facial expression naming tasks targeting mental states and facial movements with speakers of Maniq (Austroasiatic, Thailand) and Polish (Indo-European, Poland), representing highly diverse linguistic and cultural settings. We found that, while Polish speakers conformed with the predicted orientation towards mental states, this did not hold for Maniq speakers. The Maniq were instead oriented towards behavioral aspects of faces, naming them more frequently, more precisely, and with higher consensus, compared to the Polish. These differences are carved into the Maniq and Polish lexicons, suggesting diverse cultures exhibit differential specialization in verbalizing expressive faces.
A detailed analysis of body composition in relation to cardiopulmonary exercise test indices
Authors: Karlsson Per , Strand Robin , Kullberg Joel , Michaëlsson Karl , Ahlström Håkan , Lind Lars , Malinovschi Andrei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) is a test assessing an individual’s physiological response during exercise. Results may be affected by body composition, which is best evaluated through imaging techniques like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The aim of this study was to assess relationships between body composition and indices obtained from CPET. A total of 234 participants (112 female), all aged 50 years, underwent CPETs and whole-body MRI scans (> 1 million voxels). Voxel-wise statistical analysis of tissue volume and fat content was carried out with a method called Imiomics and related to the CPET indices peak oxygen consumption (V̇O2peak), V̇O2peak scaled by body weight (V̇O2kg) and by total lean mass (V̇O2lean), ventilatory efficiency (V̇E/V̇CO2-slope), work efficiency (ΔV̇O2/ΔWR) and peak exercise respiratory exchange ratio (RERpeak). V̇O2peak showed the highest positive correlation with volume of skeletal muscle. V̇O2kg negatively correlated with tissue volume in subcutaneous fat, particularly gluteal fat. RERpeak negatively correlated with tissue volume in skeletal muscle, subcutaneous fat, visceral fat and liver. Some associations differed between sexes: in females ΔV̇O2/ΔWR correlated positively with tissue volume of subcutaneous fat and V̇E/V̇CO2-slope with tissue volume of visceral fat, and, in males, V̇O2peak correlated positively to lung volume. In conclusion, voxel-based Imiomics provided detailed insights into how CPET indices were related to the tissue volume and fat content of different body structures.
Perceptions of carbon dioxide emission reductions and future warming among climate experts
Authors: Wynes Seth , Davis Steven J. , Dickau Mitchell , Ly Susan , Maibach Edward , Rogelj Joeri , Zickfeld Kirsten , Matthews H. Damon 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) employs emission scenarios to explore a range of future climate outcomes but refrains from assigning probabilities to individual scenarios. However, IPCC authors have their own views on the likelihood of different climate outcomes, which are valuable to understand because authors possess both expert insight and considerable influence. Here we report the results of a survey of 211 IPCC authors about the likelihood of four key climate outcomes. We found that most authors are skeptical that warming will be limited to the Paris targets of well below 2 °C, but are more optimistic that net zero CO2 emissions will be reached during the second half of this century. When asked about the beliefs of their peers, author responses showed strong correlations between personal and peer beliefs, suggesting that participants with extreme beliefs perceive their own estimates as closer to the community average than they actually are.
The motive cocktail in altruistic behaviors
Authors: Wu Xiaoyan , Ren Xiangjuan , Liu Chao , Zhang Hang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractProsocial motives such as social equality and efficiency are key to altruistic behaviors. However, predicting the range of altruistic behaviors in varying contexts and individuals proves challenging if we limit ourselves to one or two motives. Here we demonstrate the numerous, interdependent motives in altruistic behaviors and the possibility to disentangle them through behavioral experimental data and computational modeling. In one laboratory experiment (N = 157) and one preregistered online replication (N = 1,258), across 100 different situations, we found that both third-party punishment and third-party helping behaviors (that is, an unaffected individual punishes the transgressor or helps the victim) aligned best with a model of seven socioeconomic motives, referred to as a motive cocktail. For instance, the inequality discounting motives imply that individuals, when confronted with costly interventions, behave as if the inequality between others barely exists. The motive cocktail model also provides a unified explanation for the differences in intervention willingness between second parties (victims) and third parties, and between punishment and helping.
An electromagnetic microactuator with tunable dynamic characteristics using a thick-film FePt permanent magnet
Authors: Qi Chao , Miyahara Yu , Wang Ziteng , Sugita Naohiro , Nakano Masaki , Shinshi Tadahiko 
Published: September 2024

We designed an electromagnetic microactuator with tunable dynamic characteristics using a thick-film FePt permanent magnet. FePt is a promising microactuator material because of its low Young’s modulus, high tensile strength, high ultimate strain as a structural material, and high remanence as a permanent magnet. By employing the laser-assisted heating magnetization method, we successfully reprogrammed the magnetization pattern of the FePt thick film, which led to the tuning of the dynamic characteristics of the 3.85 mm (l) × 0.82 mm (w) × 0.023 mm (t) FePt-based cantilever under the same alternating external magnetic field. When only the tip of the cantilever beam is magnetized, or when the tip and center of the same beam are magnetized in opposite phases, the peak gain of the frequency response characteristics of the former can be tuned to be 19 dB higher than that of the latter in the first-order mode and 19 dB lower than that of the latter in the second-order mode.
Atomic insights into the interfacial structure of AlCl3 electrolyte for aqueous aluminum-ion battery
Authors: Xu Chenxuan , Yang Junjie , Si Linjun , Li Jun , Yang Huachao 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Revealing the interfacial electric double-layer structure is important for understanding the side reaction and corrosion issues of aqueous Al-ion batteries. Using the molecular dynamics simulation and experimental measurements, this work investigates the electric double-layer structures of representative AlCl3 aqueous electrolytes, including concentration distribution, electric potential distributions, differential capacitance profile, etc. Results show that the concentration of Al3+ ions is significantly improved upon the higher charge density, while Al3+ ions still well maintain the solvation structure and an inner Helmholtz layer of water molecules is observed, which is highly relevant to the interfacial electric potential distributions. Besides, a V-shaped differential capacitance profile is recognized for the AlCl3 aqueous electrolyte.
Bimetallic sulfides CuInSe2 adsorbent for rapid elemental mercury uptake from coal-fired flue gas
Authors: Song Mao , Wang Tao , Zhang Rui , Song Jian , Zhang Meilin , Wu Jiang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Coal-fired power plants use coal as fuel, which will release a lot of mercury in the combustion process, directly threatening the ecological environment of the earth. In this study, a new adsorbent CuInSe2 with an active selenium site was prepared, which can effectively remove Hg0. The flower structure of the adsorbent with uniform distribution of selenium sites was confirmed by SEM characterization. Experimental results demonstrated that the adsorption efficiency was close to 99% at 80 ∼200°C, and the adsorption efficiency remained at a stable level of 92.39% even after continuous exposure for 6 hours. The equilibrium adsorption capacity was 18.64 mg/g. CuInSe2 has excellent resistance to SO2 and NO. In conclusion, CuInSe2 adsorbents possess significant potential for mercury removal, providing a new direction for the remediation of mercury pollution in various industrial waste gases using dual-metal selenide adsorbents.
Ce Modification improves the cycling stability of single-crystal ultra-high nickel cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Liu Ruchao , Zhang Hongyun , Su Yuefeng , Chen Lai 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Single-crystal high-nickel cathode materials are among the most promising materials for lithium-ion batteries. However, as the nickel content increases, the degree of cation mixing intensifies, leading to poor cycle performance in ultra-high nickel materials. Here, we used Ce to modify the single-crystal Li[Ni0.92Co0.04Mn0.04]O2 cathode material, alleviating the issue of poor cycle stability in ultra-high nickel materials. Characterization test results demonstrate that the introduction of Ce promotes the growth of single-crystal particles, reduces cation mixing, and mitigates irreversible phase transitions and surface impedance increases during cycling. The Ce-modified single-crystal ultra-high nickel material exhibits excellent cycle stability. After 100 cycles at 1 C in the voltage range of 2.75-4.3 V, the capacity retention of the Ce-modified single-crystal high-nickel material increases from 69.9% to 81.2%. At a high current density of 10 C, the Ce-modified material still retains a high discharge specific capacity of 156.6 mAh g−1, while the pristine material only reaches 136.8 mAh g−1.
In situ formation of Zn@Ag resulted in uniform and dendrite-free zinc deposition for the zinc metal anode
Authors: Liang Zengteng , Zhou Wei , Wang Wenbo , Chi Yonglei , Liu Weidong , Zhao Long , Chen Wanjun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
For purpose of improving the anode stability of zinc-ion batteries, an in situ generated alloy coating (Zn@Ag) is designed. The prepared Zn@Ag was put into a symmetric battery for cycle stability test. The battery was cycled for about 1000 hours at 1 mA cm−2 with a very small polarization voltage, and no signs of short circuit were found. During the electrochemical performance evaluation of the full battery, the Zn@Ag//MnO2 full cell exhibited a capacity retention rate of 34.4%, maintaining a capacity of 25.8 mA h g−1 after 850 turns at 1 A g−1, and the Coulomb efficiency is close to 100%. This strategy proposes a straightforward and efficacious method for realizing long-life rechargeable ZIBs.
Study on internal heat transfer characteristics of a wind turbine blade
Authors: Huang Tao , Wu Yahui , Cao Liangqiang , Yan Yan , Duan Jingjing , Sun Kai 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Based on the theory of computational fluid dynamics and computational heat transfer, ANSYS FLUENT software is used to simulate the internal space flow field and temperature field of a wind turbine blade. The temperature field distribution of the blade was studied under different conditions, and the heating law inside the blade was analyzed. The results show that the temperature of the blade tip, the end face on both sides of the web and the area near the outlet of the wind turbine are obviously lower, and the low temperature phenomenon can be alleviated simply by increasing the inlet speed and temperature of the blade. Compared with increasing the inlet air temperature, increasing the inlet air speed of the blade can more effectively enhance the convective heat transfer of the air, so as to increase the temperature of the blade surface rapidly. When the inlet wind speed of the wind turbine blade is 30m/s and the inlet temperature is 100°C, the average temperature of the outer wall of the blade is about 50°C, which can meet working requirements of the blade. It takes about 20 seconds from the beginning of heating to the internal temperature of the blade reaching a stable state.
Short-term high-efficiency decision-making method for tertiary voltage control considering short-term power fluctuations
Authors: Jiang Wang , Wang Xinling , Shuai Hong , Chen Jialin , He Gong , Xiang Kai , Duan Zhanyu , Yan Wei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
With the continuous increase in grid-connected new energy sources and new types of intermittent loads, the short-term fluctuation amplitude of source-load power is continuously increasing, which increasingly affects the effectiveness of tertiary voltage control decisions. To address this issue, this paper proposes a short-term efficient decision-making method for tertiary voltage control considering short-term power fluctuations. Firstly, the decision-making cycle of tertiary voltage control is shortened, effectively enhancing its adaptability to short-term source-load power fluctuations. Secondly, to address the computational burden brought by the shortened decision cycle, this paper fully considers the temporal characteristics of short-term load fluctuations in practical power grid nodes and proposes two linearization methods for tertiary voltage control. Specifically, these methods include a three-point linear estimation method for small fluctuation periods and a sensitivity linearization optimization method for large fluctuation periods. By shortening the decision cycle and linearizing decision calculations, the efficiency of tertiary voltage control decision-making is greatly improved. Based on actual data from a provincial-level power grid in the northwest region of China, the effectiveness of the proposed methods is verified through simulation analysis.
Analysis of the focusing error of the building solar optical fiber lighting system
Authors: Yang Kaiyue , Gu Chengzhu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
At present, the main way to use solar energy still stays in photovoltaic power generation, which has the disadvantages of high cost and low efficiency. With the development and popularization of optical fiber technology, it is possible to use optical fiber to transmit sunlight. However, due to its light attenuation problem, it is only suitable for short distance transmission, such as solar optical fiber lighting systems in buildings. This paper designs and develops a solar optical fiber lighting system that is suitable for building daylighting and is relatively cheap. The system includes a concentrating system, a tracing system, a transmission system, and a remote control system. In this paper, the important problems of focusing errors in the system are analyzed, and five main types of focusing errors are discussed. Taking the diameter of the big end of the light cone as the synthetical systematic error of the focusing, two distribution modes of the systematic error are discussed/ Aiming at the weighted distribution of the system error, the tracking accuracy of the tracking system is discussed. The experiment proves that the required tracking accuracy is obtained by using proportional control and PID control respectively.
Celebrating 30 years of access to NASA Space Life Sciences data
Authors: Sanders Lauren M , Lopez Danielle K , Wood Alan E , Scott Ryan T , Gebre Samrawit G , Saravia-Butler Amanda M , Costes Sylvain V 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
NASA’s space life sciences research programs established a decades-long legacy of enhancing our ability to safely explore the cosmos. From Skylab and the Space Shuttle Program to the NASA Balloon Program and the International Space Station National Lab, these programs generated priceless data that continue to paint a vibrant picture of life in space. These data are available to the scientific community in various data repositories, including the NASA Ames Life Sciences Data Archive (ALSDA) and NASA GeneLab. Here we recognize the 30-year anniversary of data access through ALSDA and the 10-year anniversary of GeneLab.
Telomere-to-telomere gap-free genome assembly of the endangered Yangtze finless porpoise and East Asian finless porpoise
Authors: Yin Denghua , Chen Chunhai , Lin Danqing , Hua Zhong , Ying Congping , Zhang Jialu , Zhao Chenxi , Liu Yan , Cao Zhichen , Zhang Han , Wang Chenhe , Liang Liping , Xu Pao , Jian Jianbo , Liu Kai 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
The Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis, YFP) and the East Asian finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis sunameri, EFP) are 2 subspecies of the narrow-ridged finless porpoise that live in freshwater and saltwater, respectively. The main objective of this study was to provide contiguous chromosome-level genome assemblies for YFP and EFP.

Results
Here, we generated and upgraded the genomes of YFP and EFP at the telomere-to-telomere level through the integration of PacBio HiFi long reads, ultra-long ONT reads, and Hi-C sequencing data with a total size of 2.48 Gb and 2.50 Gb, respectively. The scaffold N50 of 2 genomes was 125.12 Mb (YFP) and 128 Mb (EFP) with 1 contig for 1 chromosome. The telomere repeat and centromere position were clearly identified in both YFP and EFP genomes. In total, 5,480 newfound genes were detected in the YFP genome, including 56 genes located in the newly identified centromere regions. Additionally, synteny blocks, structural similarities, phylogenetic relationships, gene family expansion, and inference of selection were studied in connection with the genomes of other related mammals.

Conclusions
Our research findings provide evidence for the gradual adaptation of EFP in a marine environment and the potential sensitivity of YFP to genetic damage. Compared to the 34 cetacean genomes sourced from public databases, the 2 new assemblies demonstrate superior continuity with the longest contig N50 and scaffold N50 values, as well as the lowest number of contigs. The improvement of telomere-to-telomere gap-free reference genome resources supports conservation genetics and population management for finless porpoises.
Phylogeography of the ambrosia beetle Euwallacea interjectus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae): an emerging poplar pest and its Fusarium mutualists from poplar plantations in China
Authors: Lai Shengchang , Jiang Nan , Wang Jianguo , Zhou Yang , Yu Xiaohang , Wu Yaping , Yang Jinhua , Dai LuLu , Hao Dejun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Native to Asia, Euwallacea interjectus (Blandford) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is a destructive and invasive pest of live trees, and now it has been found in the United States and Argentina. In recent years, this pest appeared in high densities in poplar monocultures from Eastern China (Jiangsu and Shanghai) and Argentina and caused significant poplar mortality. However, the origin of the pests related to tree damage and the Fusarium mutualists from some poplar zones in China remained unclear. Here, we provided a broader phylogeographic analysis of E. interjectus based on the mitochondrial gene (cytochrome c oxidase I) to determine the global genetic structure of this species. Five mitochondrial lineages were found in the native area. Populations introduced to the United States were originated from 4 localities. The Argentine population was derived from Japan. The species was observed with strikingly high level of cytochrome c oxidase I intraspecific divergence that exceeded interspecific divergence, but the high intraspecific variation was correlated with geographical locations among the native populations. Two nuclear genes (arginine kinase and carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2–aspartate transcarbamylase–dihydroorotase) were more conservative, and intraspecific differences were lower than interspecific differences. The mitochondrial genetic variation was probably caused by evolution of lineages among geographically isolated populations. But it is immature to infer the existence of cryptic species based on cytochrome c oxidase I differences. All samples collected from poplar populations were indigenous and formed close relationship with a specimen from eastern and southern China. Surprisingly, pests from poplar populations in Jiangsu and Shanghai showed different haplotypes and mutualists. This suggested that the control strategies should consider the genetic and mutualistic diversity of beetles at different poplar localities.
Exploring the LET dependence of DNA DSB repair kinetics using the DR DNA database
Authors: Radstake Wilhelmina E , Parisi Alessio , Denbeigh Janet M , Beltran Chris J , Furutani Keith M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The repair of DNA double-strand breaks is a crucial yet delicate process which is affected by a multitude of factors. In this study, our goal is to analyse the influence of the linear energy transfer (LET) on the DNA repair kinetics. By utilizing the database of repair of DNA and aggregating the results of 84 experiments, we conduct various model fits to evaluate and compare different hypothesis regarding the effect of LET on the rejoining of DNA ends. Despite the considerable research efforts dedicated to this topic over the past decades, our findings underscore the complexity of the relationship between LET and DNA repair kinetics. This study leverages big data analysis to capture overall trends that single experimental studies might miss, providing a valuable model for understanding how radiation quality impacts DNA damage and subsequent biological effects. Our results highlight the gaps in our current understanding, emphasizing the pressing need for further investigation into this phenomenon.