bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased long‐term risk of hearing loss in patients with traumatic brain injury: A nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Shangkuan Wei‐Chuan , Lin Hung‐Che , Shih Cheng‐Ping , Cheng Chun‐An , Fan Hueng‐Chuen , Chung Chi‐Hsiang , Lin Fu‐Huang , Tsao Chang‐Huei , Chien Wu‐Chien 
Published: March 2017

Objectives/HypothesisWe investigated incidences of hearing loss among patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) to evaluate whether they had a higher risk of hearing loss than the general population.Study DesignCohort study.MethodsInpatient data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2010 were recorded. Patients with TBI and a retrospective comparison cohort were analyzed. Each subject was individually traced from their index date to identify subjects who subsequently received a diagnosis of hearing loss. Cox regression analyses were applied to determine the risk of TBI‐related hearing loss.ResultsFollow‐up data from the TBI and comparison cohorts were collected over 10 years for 553,286 and 1,106,572 patients, respectively. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that TBI significantly increased the risk of hearing loss (adjusted hazard ratio = 2.125, 95% confidence interval = 2.045‐2.546, P = .027). In our subgroup analyses by type of injury, patients with TBI due to traffic injury had the highest associated risk of hearing loss compared with the risk of non‐TBI traffic injury patients, followed by patients with crushing/cutting/piercing injuries and falls.ConclusionsOur study shows that TBI led to a higher risk of long‐term hearing loss. Traffic injuries were the most common injury related to hearing loss. Prevention, rather than treatment, may be the best policy for preventing hearing loss.Level of Evidence2b. Laryngoscope, 127:2627–2635, 2017
Radio‐anatomical analysis of the pericranial flap “money box approach” for ventral skull base reconstruction
Authors: Santamaría Alfonso , Langdon Cristóbal , López‐Chacon Mauricio , Cordero Arturo , Enseñat Joaquim , Carrau Ricardo , Bernal‐Sprekelsen Manuel , Alobid Isam 
Published: March 2017

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the versatility of the pericranial flap (PCF) to reconstruct the ventral skull base, using the frontal sinus as a gate for its passage into the sinonasal corridor “money box approach.”Study DesignAnatomic‐radiological study and case series.MethodsVarious approaches and their respective defects (cribriform, transtuberculum, clival, and craniovertebral junction) were completed in 10 injected specimens. The PCF was introduced into the nose through the uppermost portion of the frontal sinus (money box approach). Computed tomography (CT) scans (n = 50) were used to measure the dimensions of the PCF and the skull base defects. The vertical projection of the external ear canal was used as the reference point to standardize the incisions for the PCF.ResultsThe surface area and maximum length of the PCF were 121.5 ± 19.4 cm2 and 18.3 ± 1.3 cm, respectively. Using CT scans, we determined that to reconstruct defects secondary to transcribriform, transtuberculum, clival, and craniovertebral approaches, the PCF distal incision must be placed respectively at −3.7 ± 2.0 cm (angle −17.4 ± 8.5°), −0.2 ± 2.0 cm (angle −1.0 ± 9.3°), +5.5 ± 2.3 cm (angle +24.4 ± 9.7°), +8.4 ± 2.4 cm (angle +36.6 ± 11.5°), as related to the reference point. Skull base defects in our clinical cohort (n = 6) were completely reconstructed uneventfully with the PCF.ConclusionsThe PCF renders enough surface area to reconstruct all possible defects in the ventral and median skull base. Using the uppermost frontal sinus as a gateway into the nose (money box approach) is feasible and simple.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 127:2482–2489, 2017
The forgetting health system
Authors: Coiera Enrico 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroductionForgetting shapes learning in two different ways. It impedes learning when important lessons are forgotten. Equally, it can be difficult to enact new lessons if we do not let go of old beliefs and practices that are no longer useful. A learning health system (LHS) that wishes to improve health service delivery will need to find ways to remember processes that shape quality and safety ‐ using data that often resides beyond electronic health records. An LHS will also need to “forget”, or programmatically decommission, obsolete practices, whose persistence otherwise leads to unnecessary system complexity and inertia to change.DiscussionNew forms of data needed to improve health services include process metrics extracted from digital systems; human‐level metrics that capture workflow patterns and clinician behaviors; and multivariate process patterns that can identify service “syndromes.” To avoid inertia to change, system complexity must be reduced by retiring (or forgetting) inefficient or unhelpful work practices. Biological models of programmed cell death provide a rich set of mechanisms to decommission elements of health services. These models suggest health service elements should be able to detect the end of their useful life and should contain internal mechanisms to orchestrate decommissioning—in contrast to current service decommissioning, which is an externally initiated, top‐down down‐driven process.ConclusionsAn LHS should take advantage of digital infrastructure to bring together people, sensors, analytics, and quasi‐autonomous mechanisms for service adaptation. By drawing inspiration from biology, we can design LHSs that do not just remember but also actively forget.
Biconservative surfaces in BCV‐spaces
Authors: Montaldo Stefano , Onnis Irene I. , Passos Passamani Apoena 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBiconservative hypersurfaces are hypersurfaces with conservative stress‐energy tensor with respect to the bienergy functional, and form a geometrically interesting family which includes that of biharmonic hypersurfaces. In this paper we study biconservative surfaces in the 3‐dimensional Bianchi–Cartan–Vranceanu spaces, obtaining their characterization in the following cases: when they form a constant angle with the Hopf vector field; when they are SO(2)‐invariant.
Hugonella massiliensis gen. nov., sp. nov., genome sequence, and description of a new strictly anaerobic bacterium isolated from the human gut
Authors: Elsawi Ziena , Togo Amadou Hamidou , Beye Mamadou , Dubourg Grégory , Andrieu Claudia , Armsrtong Nicholas , Richez Magali , di Pinto Fabrizio , Bittar Fadi , Labas Noémie , Fournier Pierre‐Edouard , Raoult Didier , Khelaifia Saber 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe human gut is composed of a large diversity of microorganisms, which have been poorly described. Here, using culturomics, a new concept based on the variation in culture conditions and MALDI‐TOF MS identification, we proceed to explore the microbial diversity of the complex ecosystem of the human gut. Using this approach, we isolated strain AT8T (=CSUR P2118 = DSM 101782) from stool specimens collected from a 51‐year‐old obese French woman. Strain AT8T is a strictly anaerobic, nonmotile, nonspore‐forming gram‐positive coccus that do not exhibit catalase and oxidase activities. 16S rDNA‐based identification of strain AT8T demonstrated 92% gene sequence similarity with Eggerthella lenta DSM 2243, the phylogenetically closed validly named type species. Here, we present a set of features for the strain AT8T and the description of its complete genome sequence and annotation. The 2,091,845 bp long genome has a G+C content of 63.46% and encodes1,849 predicted genes; 1,781 were protein‐coding genes, and 68 were RNAs. On the basis of the characteristics reported here, we propose the creation of a new bacterial genus Hugonella gen. nov., belonging to the Eggerthellaceae family and including Hugonella massiliensis gen. nov., sp. nov., strain AT8T as the type strain.
Polymerization of optically active disubstituted acetylene monomers by Pd catalyst bearing bulky phosphine ligand
Authors: Goto Yuta , Miyagi Yu , Sano Natsuhiro , Sanda Fumio 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTChloro‐ and aryl‐substituted acetylene monomers having an optically active group were polymerized by a Pd catalyst [(tBu3P)PdMeCl] bearing a bulky phosphine ligand, and by MoCl5 for comparison. The corresponding disubstituted acetylene polymers with Mn's = 2000–19,500 and 6900–10,800 were obtained in 29–83% and 11–62% yields when the Pd and Mo catalysts were used, respectively. The formation of polyacetylenes, poly[(R)‐1p], poly[(R)‐1m], and poly[(S)‐2p] were confirmed by SEC and the presence of a Raman scattering peak based on the alternating double bonds of the main chain. Pd‐based poly[(R)‐1m] exhibited CD signals around 350 nm assignable to a certain secondary structure, while Mo‐based poly[(R)‐1m] did not. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 3011–3016
Migration Testing of Polyethylene Terephthalate: Comparison of Regulated Test Conditions with Migration into Real Food at the End of Shelf Life
Authors: Gehring Carina , Welle Frank 
Published: March 2017

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in contact with food must comply with the requirements laid down in the European Regulation (EU) 10/2011, which specifies conditions for migration tests. For real contact times longer than 30 days, accelerated migration tests are performed at elevated temperatures for a maximum of 10 days at 60°C. These conditions should represent the end of the shelf life (e.g. 365 days at 23°C) and are calculated using the Arrhenius equation on the basis of a default activation energy of 80 kJ/mol. However, for PET, it is well known that the activation energy is strongly dependent on the molecular size of the migrant. Small molecules like acetaldehyde have activation energies in PET of ~80 kJ/mol. For larger molecules like 2‐aminobenzamide with a predicted activation energy of diffusion of 134.4 kJ/mol, the storage times at 60°C and 40°C equivalent to the migration after 1 year at 23°C are 0.85 and 18.9 days, respectively. These findings were confirmed by experimental migration tests. For 2‐aminobenzamide, migration for 10 days at 60°C corresponded to a storage time at 23°C of 11.7 years, which is significantly higher than the long‐term storage of more than 6 months as foreseen in Regulation (EU) 10/2011. For larger molecules, the corresponding storage times at 23°C would even be longer, thus overestimating by far the migration at the end of shelf life. Contact conditions of 10 days at 60°C are too severe for PET. Migrant‐specific and polymer‐specific diffusion parameters should therefore be considered when designing accelerated migration tests for long‐term applications. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Models of reactive power‐related wind park losses for application in power system load flow studies
Authors: Kaempf E. , Braun M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn power system load flow studies, it is common to ignore wind park (WP) losses completely, since WPs are obliged to provide reactive power as a free‐of‐charge ancillary service. Strongly simplified WP loss estimations are also widespread. Prevailing loss modelling approaches may result in substantial and so far usually ignored reactive power allocation inefficiencies. The innovation of this paper lies in demonstrating this and in presenting an alternative modelling approach that combines speed, ease‐of‐use and accuracy.Calculations are based on a generic WP connected to 110 kV. It is simulated once using gearless permanent magnet synchronous generators and once using doubly fed induction generators. In this way, for the first time, the consequences of neglecting differences between wind generator types when calculating reactive power‐related losses are systematically quantified. Loss‐minimal dispatch is assessed using heuristic optimal power flow. Relevance of findings is demonstrated for the application of reducing system losses based on reactive power control of WPs in closed‐loop optimal power flow schemes. It is shown that non‐consideration of WP losses may lead to dispatch decisions where the increase in WP losses outweighs the achieved loss reduction in the 110 kV system by 400%. The study facilitates comparing reactive power ancillary services from WPs to that of other technologies from an economic perspective. It concludes by a benchmarking overview of pros and cons of modelling alternatives. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nocturnal distance sampling all‐terrain vehicle surveys for nonbreeding rails
Authors: Fournier Auriel M. V. , Krementz David G. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTRails (Family: Rallidae) are among the most difficult birds to detect. Although methods have been developed to optimize detection during the breeding season, there is no current suitable survey method for the nonbreeding season. Low detection of rails and lack of suitable methods limit monitoring efforts and examination of important questions related to rail conservation and habitat management during the nonbreeding season. We present a new survey method along with suggestions for its effective use in moist‐soil wetlands. We conducted nocturnal surveys during the autumns 2012–2015 in Missouri, USA, to detect sora (Porzana carolina) using hierarchical generalized distance sampling along transects that we traveled while riding all‐terrain vehicles at night. We evaluated assumptions of our survey method by examining the response by radiomarked sora to survey vehicles and comparing survey counts between surveys on the same night. These surveys produced sora density estimates with error that can be used to address conservation and management questions such as habitat use and migratory timing. Published 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Long‐term spatial heterogeneity in mallard distribution in the Prairie pothole region
Authors: Janke Adam K. , Anteau Michael J. , Stafford Joshua D. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThe Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of north‐central United States and south‐central Canada supports greater than half of all breeding mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) annually counted in North America and is the focus of widespread conservation and research efforts. Allocation of conservation resources for this socioeconomically important population would benefit from an understanding of the nature of spatiotemporal variation in distribution of breeding mallards throughout the 850,000 km2 landscape. We used mallard counts from the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey to test for spatial heterogeneity and identify high‐ and low‐abundance regions of breeding mallards over a 50‐year time series. We found strong annual spatial heterogeneity in all years: 90% of mallards counted annually were on an average of only 15% of surveyed segments. Using a local indicator of spatial autocorrelation, we found a relatively static distribution of low‐count clusters in northern Montana, USA, and southern Alberta, Canada, and a dynamic distribution of high‐count clusters throughout the study period. Distribution of high‐count clusters shifted southeast from northwestern portions of the PPR in Alberta and western Saskatchewan, Canada, to North and South Dakota, USA, during the latter half of the study period. This spatial redistribution of core mallard breeding populations was likely driven by interactions between environmental variation that created favorable hydrological conditions for wetlands in the eastern PPR and dynamic land‐use patterns related to upland cropping practices and government land‐retirement programs. Our results highlight an opportunity for prioritizing relatively small regions within the PPR for allocation of wetland and grassland conservation for mallard populations. However, the extensive spatial heterogeneity in core distributions over our study period suggests such spatial prioritization will have to overcome challenges presented by dynamic land‐use and climate patterns in the region, and thus merits additional monitoring and empirical research to anticipate future population distribution. Published 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Early Hepatic Artery Thrombosis After Liver Transplantation: What is the Impact of the Arterial Reconstruction Type?
Authors: Herrero Astrid , Souche Regis , Joly Emmanuel , Boisset Gildas , Habibeh Hussein , Bouyabrine Hassan , Panaro Fabrizio , Ursic‐Bedoya Jose , Jaber Samir , Guiu Boris , Pageaux Georges Philippe , Navarro Francis 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectiveHepatic artery thrombosis (HAT) is the most severe vascular complication occurring after liver transplantation, with an incidence ranging from 2 to 9% in adults. Although the ideal arterial reconstruction is often described as a short and non‐redundant anastomosis fashioned between the recipient and donor hepatic arteries, there is no strong evidence about this ideal reconstruction in the literature. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the type of arterial reconstruction on early HAT after primary liver transplantation.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed a contemporary MELD era cohort of 282 patients who underwent deceased donor primary liver transplantation from 2007 to 2012. Graft artery was classified as “short” when the section was located at the proper/common hepatic artery or “long” when the celiac trunk was used for anastomosis. Recipient arterial sites for arterial anastomosis were classified in three sites: (1) “distal” (proper hepatic artery or common hepatic artery/gastro‐duodenal bifurcation), (2) “intermediate” (common hepatic artery) and (3) “proximal” (celiac trunk–splenic artery–aorta). We used univariate and multivariate analyses to assess the impact of different types of arterial reconstruction on early HAT.ResultsOf 282 primary liver transplantations, 17 patients (6%) developed early HAT. Patients with and without early HAT had comparable demographic and operative data. The main anastomotic combination was short graft artery on the recipient‐common hepatic artery (n = 111, 39%). A long graft artery was used in 91 patients (32%) and was associated with hepatic artery variations (56%; n = 51; p = 0.001). Arterial reconstructions using a long graft artery (p = 0.003), a recipient proximal site as celiac trunk–splenic artery–aorta (p = 0.02) and the combination of a long graft artery on the recipient distal hepatic artery (p = 0.02) were significantly associated with early HAT. The early HAT rate in patients with a long graft artery was not significantly different between patients with or without donor arterial variation (respectively, 12% (n = 6/51) vs. 12% (n = 5/40); p = 1). In multivariate analysis, the use of a long graft artery, whatever the recipient anastomosis site, was an independent risk factor of early HAT (OR 3.2; 95% CI 1.2–9; p = 0.02).ConclusionThe type of arterial reconstruction used for arterial anastomosis during primary liver transplantation has an impact on the occurrence of early HAT. The use of a long graft artery is an independent risk factor of early HAT. Thereby, we recommend the use of a short graft artery with a direct path when feasible to reduce the occurrence of early HAT after primary liver transplantation.
High Arachidonic Acid Levels in the Tissues of Herbivorous Fish Species (Siganus fuscescens, Calotomus japonicus and Kyphosus bigibbus)
Authors: Jiarpinijnun Asada , Benjakul Soottawat , Pornphatdetaudom Akasith , Shibata Junichiro , Okazaki Emiko , Osako Kazufumi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe lipid and fatty acid compositions in the various organs (muscle, liver, other viscera) and stomach contents of three common herbivorous fish species in Japan, Siganus fuscescens, Calotomus japonicus and Kyphosus bigibbus, were examined to explore the stable 20:4n‐6 (arachidonic acid, ARA) sources. Triacylglycerol (TAG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn), and phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) were the dominant lipid classes, while the major FA contents were 16:0, 18:1n‐9, 16:1n‐7, 14:0, 18:0, 18:1n‐7, and some PUFA, including ARA, 20:5n‐3 (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA), 22:5n‐3 (docosapentaenoic acid, DPA), and 22:6n‐3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA). The amounts of these fatty acids were varied among species and their lipid classes. Phospholipids contained higher levels of PUFA than TAG. However, ARA in both phospholipids and TAG was markedly present in the muscle and viscera of all specimens, particularly in C. japonicus and K. bigibbus. Moreover, their ARA levels were higher than the levels of DHA and EPA. The observed high ARA level is unusual in marine fish and might be characteristic of herbivorous fish. Furthermore, ARA was the dominant PUFA in the stomach contents of the three species, suggesting that the high ARA level originated from their food sources. The above indicates that these three herbivorous fishes are ARA‐rich marine foods and have potential utilization as stable ARA resources.
Decay estimates for spherically symmetric Yang-Mills fields in Minkowski space-time
Authors: Schirmer Pedro Paulo 
Published: March 2017

We consider Yang–Mills fields in Minkowski space-time

\mathrm R^{3 + 1}

. We prove global existence and establish decay estimates for any initial data which is sufficiently small in a specified energy norm and which is spherically symmetric in the sense of principal bundles. We consider initial data which lead to bounded solutions near the central line. The proof of the global result is achieved using wighted Sobolev norms of the Klainerman type. They not only provide global existence, but also sharp asymptotic behaviour of the solutions in time. The initial data considered here does not include Coulomb charges but includes dipole radiation, a situation which cannot be acomodated in the framework of the conformai method. A new class of solutions, which have not been considered before, is covered then by the theorem.

Résumé
On démontre un théorème global d’existence d’une solution du problème de Cauchy pour les équations de Yang–Mills sur l’espace de Minkowski, pour des données petites et avec symétrie radiale, dans le sens d’une fibration principale.
Looking for the Bernoulli shift
Authors: Séré Éric 
Published: March 2017

We prove a result on the topological entropy of a large class of Hamiltonian systems. This result is obtained variationally by constructing “multibump” homoclinic solutions.

Résumé
On démontre un résultat sur l’entropie topologique d’une grande classe de systèmes hamiltoniens. Ce résultat est obtenu par une méthode variationnelle qui permet de construire des solutions homoclines « multi-bosses ».
Nucleic acids: function and potential for abiogenesis
Authors: Wachowius Falk , Attwater James , Holliger Philipp 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe emergence of functional cooperation between the three main classes of biomolecules – nucleic acids, peptides and lipids – defines life at the molecular level. However, how such mutually interdependent molecular systems emerged from prebiotic chemistry remains a mystery. A key hypothesis, formulated by Crick, Orgel and Woese over 40 year ago, posits that early life must have been simpler. Specifically, it proposed that an early primordial biology lacked proteins and DNA but instead relied on RNA as the key biopolymer responsible not just for genetic information storage and propagation, but also for catalysis, i.e. metabolism. Indeed, there is compelling evidence for such an ‘RNA world’, notably in the structure of the ribosome as a likely molecular fossil from that time. Nevertheless, one might justifiably ask whether RNA alone would be up to the task. From a purely chemical perspective, RNA is a molecule of rather uniform composition with all four bases comprising organic heterocycles of similar size and comparable polarity and pKa values. Thus, RNA molecules cover a much narrower range of steric, electronic and physicochemical properties than, e.g. the 20 amino acid side-chains of proteins. Herein we will examine the functional potential of RNA (and other nucleic acids) with respect to self-replication, catalysis and assembly into simple protocellular entities.