bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Technology Competencies for Public Services’ Staff Has Limited External Validity
Authors: Martin Jason 
Published: February 2016

A Review of:
Wong, G. K. W. (2010). Information commons help desk transactions study. Journal of Academic Librarianship, 36(3), 235-241.

Objective - To develop an understanding of the types of technology questions asked at an information commons help desk for the purposes of staffing the desk and training. Specifically, the study looked to answer the following questions:

1.	What kind of assistance do users seek from the help desk?
2.	How complex is it to handle the technology questions?
3.	What are the key competencies desirable of the help desk staff?

Design - Qualitative analysis of transactions completed at an information commons help desk.

Setting - A medium sized academic library located in Hong Kong.

Data - 1,636 transactions completed at an information commons help desk between January 2007 and May 2009.

Methods - From the opening in 2006, the staff of the information commons help desk recorded all transactions electronically using a modified version of the open source software LibStats. The author examined the transactions for roughly the second and third weeks of each month from January 2007 to May 2009 in an effort to determine the types of questions asked and their complexity.

Main Results - In response to question one, 86.3% of questions asked at the help desk concerned technology; the majority of those questions (76.5%) were about printing, wireless connection, and various software operation. For question two, 82% of technology questions were determined to be of the lowest tier (Tier 1) of complexity, one-third of the questions required only “direct answers,” and 80% of questions could be answered consistently via the creation of a “knowledge base of answers for these foreseeable questions.” For question three, a list of fourteen competencies for help desk staff were created.

Conclusion - With the low complexity of the technology questions asked, the creation of a knowledge base of common questions and answers, and proper training of staff based on the competencies identified in the study, an information commons could be effective with one integrated desk staffed by a librarian and paraprofessional staff member.
Academic Library Administrators Perceive Value in Their Librarians’ Research
Authors: Sullo Elaine 
Published: February 2016

A Review of:
Perkins, G.H. & Slowik, A.J.W. (2013). The value of research in academic libraries. College & Research Libraries, 74(2), 143-158. Retrieved from http://crl.acrl.org/content/74/2/143.full.pdf+html

Abstract

Objective – To explore academic library administrators’ perceived value of their librarians’ research, specifically the importance to the profession and the library community.

Design – Qualitative, exploratory study using a survey questionnaire.

Setting – Academic libraries in the United States of America.

Subjects – 23 library administrators.

Methods – During the summer of 2010, one of the authors conducted 20-30 minute telephone interviews with 23 academic library administrators. Interviews were recorded and transcribed for coding. Interview questions 1-3 and 8-19 were content-analyzed; the authors described common themes for each of these questions. Items 4-7 had Likert scale response formats, and a mean and standard deviation were computed for each of these items.

Main Results – The benefits of librarians’ research included fulfilling tenure-track requirements, enriching relationships with teaching faculty, library faculty recognition, improved services and programs, collaboration with others, research result application to daily issues, development as librarians, and improved knowledge of the research field.

The perceived current changes and future issues for university libraries included increased digitization of collections, scholarly communication, and expanded instructional engagement of faculty and students, as well as future economic downturn and budget cuts. Administrators noted several methods that influenced their thinking: professional meetings, reading professional journals, informal discussions with colleagues, and social media such as Facebook and Twitter.

Academic library administrators used a variety of methods to support their librarians’ research. These included tenure-track requirements, research incentives, travel funds, grants, sabbaticals, release time, and shared communication about research. Additionally, there was a substantial perceived interrelationship between how librarians’ research benefited the librarian, the library, the university, and the profession. Recognition and new programs and services were thought to benefit all four areas, and monetary rewards were considered benefits for the first three areas.

Conclusion – Based on the sample of 23 academic library administrators, the authors conclude that librarians’ research is perceived as valuable to both the academic and library communities.
Perceived Convenience, Compatibility, and Media Richness Contribute Significantly to Dedicated E-book Reader Acceptance
Authors: Arndt Theresa S. 
Published: February 2016

Objective – Investigates the effects of perceived convenience, compatibility and media richness on users’ attitudes toward dedicated e-book readers.

Design – Convenience sample survey.

Setting – Taiwanese university.

Subjects – A total of 288 students at the senior secondary (5%), four-year university (78%), and graduate student (17%) levels. Male-female participation was approximately equal.

Methods – Students completed a 23-item survey on dedicated e-book readers, with
questions on perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, intention to use, convenience, compatibility, and media richness. Data was analyzed using the partial least squares statistical technique.

Main Results – Users state an increased intention to use dedicated e-book readers if they perceive the technology to be compatible with what they desire in a “book,” if the device delivers rich media content, and if the device is convenient. Compatibility was found to significantly affect perceived ease of use, and was found to be the strongest influence on intent to use a dedicated e-book reader. Compatibility, media richness and convenience also increased the perceived usefulness of dedicated e-book readers.

Conclusion – Users will prefer dedicated e-book readers that are compatible with their preferences in a “book,” that deliver media-rich content, and that they find convenient. The study has implications for the design and development of e-book reading devices.
Course-Integrated Learning Outcomes for Library Database Searching: Three Assessment Points on the Path of Evidence
Authors: Cmor Dianne , Chan Alison , Kong Teresa 
Published: February 2016

Objective - This study aims to assess student learning with respect to basic database searching at three different points within a required first year course.

Methods - Three methods were employed at three different points to identify evidence of successful learning:

1.	Analysis of in-class exercises from the initial library workshop, e.g. how many students showed evidence of satisfactorily achieving the stated learning outcomes.
2.	Participant observation of student presentations, noting themes, strengths and weaknesses of student research strategy; written observation reports from librarians were coded and quantified to identify major themes.

3.	Interviews with course instructors responsible for grading the final submitted projects, focusing on both student achievement and instructor perceptions of the impact of library involvement.

Results - Though performance on in-class exercises showed evidence of successful learning in over 70% of students, observational data indicated that very few students showed evidence of applying new knowledge and new search skills to their own topics two weeks later. Instructor interviews revealed a perception of similar difficulties in final project submissions, and instructors suggested that students did not appreciate the need for library resources.

Conclusion - In this study, students showed evidence of learning in a simulated environment, but were unable or unwilling to demonstrate this learning in authentic situations. Multiple assessment methods reveal a lack of student ability to apply search skills.
IPO Pricing Phenomena: Empirical Evidence Of Behavioral Biases
Authors: Adams Michael , Thornton Barry , Hall George 
Published: February 2016

Does IPO stand for Instant Profit Opportunity or It’s Probably Over-priced? The conundrum is that both answers are generally correct. The answer appears to depend on the investor’s investment horizon. This realization provides an enigma for the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) proponents. It is widely known that initial public offering (IPO) stocks in the past have typically been underpriced, thereby allowing the fortunate purchaser to buy the shares in the primary market and systematically beat the stock market averages. This phenomenon is evidenced by the average one-day returns on IPOs of 15% and presents a puzzle to efficient market advocates. Behavioral finance posits that the same underpriced IPO stocks will under-perform the market and deliver substandard performance during the ensuing one to three years. At a minimum, the “new-issues puzzle” presents a challenge to the EMH and has given rise to many class-action stockholder lawsuits alleging illegal price manipulation. Why under-pricing systematically happens and why issuing firms/major shareholders choose to leave copious amounts of money on the table is not well explained by traditional financial theory. Behavioral finance melds together investor psychology and normative financial theory in an attempt to explain this market enigma.
The Marketing Of Body Image: A Cross-Cultural Comparison Of Gender Effects In The U.S. And China
Authors: Parker R. Stephen , Haytko Diana L. , Hermans Charles M. 
Published: February 2016

Recently, there has been increasing controversy about the use of extremely thin female models and extremely muscular male models in advertising and fashion campaigns. While this practice has been studied extensively over time, it is again in the forefront as models with low body mass indexes are being kept off runways around the world. While most consumers understand that these images are nearly unattainable, they do tend to compare themselves with these idealized images resulting in lower satisfaction with their own bodies and lower self-esteem. While past research most often examines these feelings with respect to women, there is little research on the effect on men and their self-image. Also, while this has primarily been a “western” problem, it is becoming a problem in “eastern” cultures as western images and advertising campaigns proliferate. This study examines both U.S. and Chinese men and women’s perceptions of body image. The findings show cultural differences between the U.S. and Chinese males and females. The U.S. women were the most affected, while there was no difference by gender between the Chinese men and women. However, as the Chinese culture becomes more influenced by western ideals, this trend in body image dissatisfaction should increase.
Evidential Effort And Risk Assessment In Auditing
Authors: Blay Allen , Kizirian Tim , Sneathen, Jr, L. Dwight 
Published: February 2016

This study responds to prior literature highlighting the need for academic research to study the linkage of risks to audit procedures purported in the Audit Risk Model. We use audit workpaper data from a Big 4 firm to examine two significant relationships implicit in authoritative audit guidance: (1) the application of the audit risk model in practice, and the relationship between preliminary risk assessments and audit procedures, and (2) the potential loss of risk information upon risk aggregation suggested in the Audit Risk Model. Our findings indicate that preliminary risk assessments significantly affect planned audit procedures, and the potential for loss of information upon risk aggregation is not to be ignored. These results provide important evidence useful in developing audit policy for linking risk assessments and audit procedures.
The Commerce Clause From Expansion To Extortion
Authors: Reville Patrick J. , Bottiglieri William A. 
Published: February 2016

The Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution gave the federal government power over foreign trade, trade with the Indian tribes and trade “among several states.” By lack of further enumeration and the passage of the Tenth Amendment to the Constitution, it would be reasonable to conclude that commerce that is truly intrastate would, therefore, be within the regulatory province of the states. In fact, that was the interpretation initially reached and subsequently followed by the United States Supreme Court. But in 1942, that changed and, over the course of the following 60+ years, to date the Court has concluded, by an expansive interpretation of that federal power granted, that Congress and the federal government have virtually unbridled power to regulate not only those areas that would traditionally be considered “commerce” or “interstate commerce”, but, moreover, in areas that seemingly have nothing to do with commerce, interstate, or otherwise. This paper will trace the journey that the justices have taken down this judicial interstate highway and the methods that the federal government has employed to achieve its objectives. Hence, the subtitle of this paper: From Expansion to Extortion.
In Vitro Regeneration of Hemidesmus indicus L. R. Br an important Endangered medicinal plant
Authors: Prasanna Purohit  , Ritu Thakur Bais  , Pratibha Sing  , Shagufta Khan  
Published: February 2016

Hemidesmus indicus belongs to the family Asclepiadaceae, and it is exceptionally demanded by traditional healers for the ailment of various diseases. The over exploitation of Hemidesmus indicus placed it under the endangered medicinal plant, and it required to develop in vitro culture for conservation and maintain the sustainable demand of plant. In the present study, we planned to develop rapid and efficient protocol for large-scale propagation of Hemidesmus indicus through in vitro culture. Cotyledons from in vitro germinated seeds were used as initial explants, inoculated in MS medium supplemented with various cytokinins, BAP(0.5-2.0 mg/l) and kn (0.5-1.0 mg/l)) in combination with auxin, NAA (0.5-1.0 mg/l) and IAA(0.1-0.5 mg/l). The optimal response of shoot initiation (80%) with average number of shoots 6.8 ± 0.10 ( mean length 6.4 ± 0.13) was observed in the medium (I-9) containing 2.0 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l NAA within 4 week. The maximum shoot multiplication (84%) with average number of shoots 24.9 ± 0.15, was observed on MS medium M5 containing BAP (1.0 mg/l) in combination with Kn (0.5 mg/l). regenerated shoots were excised aseptically and implanted on MS half and full strength medium fortified with various concentrations of IBA, IAA and NAA for root formation. Full strength MS medium (R9) having 0.5 mg/l IAA was found better with 60% root formation after 16-18 days. The rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized in pots containing sterilized soil and sand mixture (3:1) with 95% survival rate in the field conditions.
Bureaucratic Corruption, Democracy and Judicial Independence
Authors: Wang Gang 
Published: February 2016

<p>The theoretical literature in economics and political science has made numerous efforts in understanding the determinants of corruption and stressed the importance of political institutions in shaping the patterns of government corruption. Nevertheless, very few researches focus on the role of judicial system. Employing a formal model with empirical analyses, I incorporate economic factors with political constraints to investigate the different roles of democracy and judicial independence in determining the level of bureaucrats’ corruption across countries. Empirically, the instrumental variable (IV) approach is applied to resolve the endogeneity problems. The evidence indicates that different levels of corruption across countries are significantly influenced by the degrees of judicial independence. To fight corruption successfully, I contend that the judiciary, as a hard institutional constraint to resist bureaucratic corruption, has to be independent from the government. </p>
Experts Assess Status and Outlook for Thermal, Chemical, and CO2 Miscible Flooding Processes
Authors: Meldau Robert F. , Doscher Todd M. , Ali S. M. Farouq , Chu Chieh , Holm L. Wally , Orr F. M. , Gogarty W. Barney , Hause Wayne R. , Reed Ronald L. , Mayer E. H. 
Published: February 2016

Increased use of enhanced oil-recovery (EOR) technology depends on how competitive EOR oil is with other sources of liquid fuels. Today, with world oil prices at $29/bbl, companies can buy oil reserves in the ground for $5 to $8/bbl. EOR methods cost significantly more-up to about $20/bbl in the case of large chemical floods. Even though the petroleum industry has gained experience and confidence with EOR methods, it is evident that economic conditions are not favorable for any but the least expensive EOR applications.
Commercial applications of different EOR processes are evolving at various rates. Steam Flooding is proved commercially; current oil production from these methods exceeds 550,000 B/D (87 400 m3/d), accounting for some 80% of total EOR production. This technology is particularly important in California; recent increases in the state's onshore oil production are attributed mainly to increased steam injection in heavy-oil reservoirs.
Michael Prats, Maraven S.A., writes in SPE Monograph Vol. 7, Thermal Recovery: "The potential of thermal recovery processes is much greater than the current production would suggest." One reason is that these processes eventually may unlock the world's huge accumulations of very heavy crudes. Another reason is that thermal methods can be used to displace and recover light crudes; here the limitations are economic - other methods yield a higher rate of return on investment. "There are few known technical reasons for not considering thermal processes for the recovery of any kind of crude," Prats says. They also may be applied to recover shale oil and coal products in situ.

Experts Discuss EOR Issues
The following comments by members closely involved with EOR processes address the technical status and economic outlook for various methods. Some general observations arise from these specific discussions of Thermal EOR, CO2 flooding, and chemical flooding.
KIC 7177553: A QUADRUPLE SYSTEM OF TWO CLOSE BINARIES
Authors: Lehmann H. , Borkovits T. , Rappaport S. A. , Ngo H. , Mawet D. , Csizmadia Sz. , Forgács-Dajka E. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
KIC 7177553 was observed by the Kepler satellite to be an eclipsing eccentric binary star system with an 18-day orbital period. Recently, an eclipse timing study of the Kepler binaries has revealed eclipse timing variations (ETVs) in this object with an amplitude of ∼100 s and an outer period of 529 days. The implied mass of the third body is that of a super-Jupiter, but below the mass of a brown dwarf. We therefore embarked on a radial velocity (RV) study of this binary to determine its system configuration and to check the hypothesis that it hosts a giant planet. From the RV measurements, it became immediately obvious that the same Kepler target contains another eccentric binary, this one with a 16.5-day orbital period. Direct imaging using adaptive optics reveals that the two binaries are separated by 0.″4 (∼167 AU) and have nearly the same magnitude (to within 2%). The close angular proximity of the two binaries and very similar γ velocities strongly suggest that KIC 7177553 is one of the rare SB4 systems consisting of two eccentric binaries where at least one system is eclipsing. Both systems consist of slowly rotating, nonevolved, solar-like stars of comparable masses. From the orbital separation and the small difference in γ velocity, we infer that the period of the outer orbit most likely lies in the range of 1000–3000 yr. New images taken over the next few years, as well as the high-precision astrometry of the Gaia satellite mission, will allow us to set much narrower constraints on the system geometry. Finally, we note that the observed ETVs in the Kepler data cannot be produced by the second binary. Further spectroscopic observations on a longer timescale will be required to prove the existence of the massive planet.
YOUNG REMNANTS OF TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE AND THEIR PROGENITORS: A STUDY OF SNR G1.9+0.3
Authors: Chakraborti Sayan , Childs Francesca , Soderberg Alicia 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
SNe Ia, with their remarkably homogeneous light curves and spectra, have been used as standardizable candles to measure the accelerating expansion of the universe. Yet, their progenitors remain elusive. Common explanations invoke a degenerate star (white dwarf) that explodes upon almost reaching the Chandrasekhar limit, by either steadily accreting mass from a companion star or violently merging with another degenerate star. We show that circumstellar interaction in young Galactic supernova remnants can be used to distinguish between these single and double degenerate (DD) progenitor scenarios. Here we propose a new diagnostic, the surface brightness index, which can be computed from theory and compared with Chandra and Very Large Array (VLA) observations. We use this method to demonstrate that a DD progenitor can explain the decades-long flux rise and size increase of the youngest known galactic supernova remnant (SNR), G1.9+0.3. We disfavor a single degenerate scenario for SNR G1.9+0.3. We attribute the observed properties to the interaction between a steep ejecta profile and a constant density environment. We suggest using the upgraded VLA, ASKAP, and MeerKAT to detect circumstellar interaction in the remnants of historical SNe Ia in the Local Group of galaxies. This may settle the long-standing debate over their progenitors.
CHEMICAL EVOLUTION OF A CO ICE INDUCED BY SOFT X-RAYS
Authors: Ciaravella A. , Chen Y.-J. , Cecchi-Pestellini C. , Jiménez-Escobar A. , Muñoz Caro G. M. , Chuang K.-J. , Huang C.-H. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
We irradiated a pure carbon monoxide ice with soft X-rays of energies up to 1.2 keV. The experiments were performed using the spherical grating monochromator beamline at the National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center in Taiwan, exploiting both monochromatic (at 0.3 and 0.55 keV) and broader energy (0.25–1.2 keV) fluxes. The infrared spectra of the irradiated ices showed the formation of a number of products such as polycarbon mono- and dioxides C
n
O
m
, and chains containing up to 10 carbon atoms. While a gentle increase in the energy absorbed by the ice sample is reflected by an increase in the column densities of newly born species, such correlation breaks down at very high fluxes. In this regime the production yield falls down sharply by about a factor of 100. The refractory residue obtained in the broad energy irradiation is a “compromise” between those obtained with proton irradiation of C3O2 and CO ices in previous experiments. Finally, we discuss the possible implications for space chemistry