bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of Alabama Freshwater Gastropod Species to Nickel Exposure
Authors: Barrick Andrew , Parham Sean , Johnson Paul , Brewer Shannon , Hoang Tham 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Snails are effective bioindicators due to their prolific distribution, high level of endemism, and capacity to accumulate contaminants. Freshwater snails have unique ecological niches which are imperiled by land-use change and the introduction of hazardous chemicals. To assess how environmental alterations affect gastropods, lab-based studies are needed to characterize the toxicity of specific stressors. This can help guide policy decisions and remediation efforts. The aim of this research was to characterize acute toxicity of nickel (Ni) on endemic snails (Somatogyrus georgianus [Walker, 1904], Elimia cahawbensis [Lea, 1861], and Elimia spp.) and measure the accumulation of Ni and mineral elements including calcium (Ca), magnesium, potassium, and sodium (Na). Snails were exposed to six concentrations (25–800 µg/L) of Ni for 96 h. Among the studied snail species, E. cahawbensis was the most sensitive to Ni, with the lowest lethal concentration where 50% of the organisms died (LC50) at 88.88 µg/L Ni after 96 h. The LC50 at 96 h for S. georgianus was 167.78 µg/L Ni, and 393.13 μg/L Ni for Elimia spp. Except for Elimia spp., mortality of the other two snail species corresponded to the whole-body uptake of Ni. Nickel exposure also influenced Ca and Na uptake for Elimia spp. All three endemic species are potential candidate species for evaluating localized effects of human activities, and the present study provides a first step in characterizing how snails would be affected by environmental alterations. More research could further characterize potential effects of other human stressors on these endemic snail species. Future research into subindividual responses and routes of exposure can further elucidate variations in species sensitivity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:2578–2588. © 2024 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Post‐intubation hypotension risk factors in patients with COVID‐19 undergoing endotracheal intubation in the emergency department: A prospective observational study
Authors: Abbaszadeh Mahla , Mirafzal Amirhossein , Movahedi Mitra , Alizadeh Seyed Danial , Mirkamali Hanieh , Nafeli Mohammad , Pourzand Pouria , Rezaei Zadeh Rukerd Mohammad 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionAcute respiratory distress syndrome, a severe manifestation of COVID‐19, prompts the critical intervention of endotracheal intubation (ETI). However, ETI is associated with complications, notably post‐intubation hypotension (PIH), linked to an increased adverse prognosis. Our purpose was to investigate risk factors for PIH in COVID‐19 patients in the emergency department (ED).MethodsThis observational study was conducted at the Afzalipour Hospital, Iran. Adult COVID‐19 patients undergoing ETI were included, with data collected on demographic variables, medical history, and hemodynamic parameters. PIH was defined as the occurrence of any of the following: reduction of systolic blood pressure (SBP) to 90 mmHg or less; reduction of mean arterial pressure (MAP) to 65 mmHg or less; reduction of SBP by at least 20% of the initial value; or the need for vasopressor support during the 30 min after intubation.ResultsAmong 145 patients, the mortality rate was 82.7%, and PIH occured in 22.7%. Univariate analysis revealed associations between PIH and initial SBP (SBP‐0) and initial MAP. Multivariable regression revealed that each 1 mmHg decrease in SBP‐0 increased the risk of PIH by 5%. Patients with SBP‐0 of less than 116 mmHg had a PIH odds ratio of 4.1. A history of hypertension (HTN) or ischemic heart disease (IHD) increased the likelihood of PIH sixfold. The receiver operating characteristic curves for SBP‐0 had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.67 (95% CI: 0.54–0.79), lower than the AUC of 0.77 (95% CI: 0.64–0.86) for the model incorporating SBP‐0, history of HTN or IHD, and total severity score. Despite this, the Z score comparing the AUCs of SBP‐0 and the multivariable model did not indicate a statistically significant difference.ConclusionsHistory of HTN or IHD, as well as low SBP‐0, are independently associated with an increased risk of PIH in COVID‐19 patients.
Microglia synchronizes with the circadian rhythm of the glymphatic system and modulates glymphatic system function
Authors: Yang Ting , Tang Yan , Liu Xinghua , Gong Song , Yao Ensheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMicroglia, as immune cells in the central nervous system, possess the ability to adapt morphologically and functionally to their environment. Glymphatic system, the principal waste clearance system in the brain, exhibits circadian rhythms. However, the impact of microglia on the glymphatic system function remains unknown. In this study, we explored the intricate relationship between microglia and the glymphatic system. Examining diurnal patterns, we identified synchronized behaviors in glymphatic activity and microglial morphology, peaking during sleep and exhibiting distinct changes in branching complexity. Depleting microglia using PLX5622 or in P2Y12 knockout mice enhanced glymphatic function. Chemogenetic manipulation of microglia demonstrated that activating HM3D improved glymphatic function, while inhibiting HM4D unexpectedly increased microglial complexity. These findings highlight the dynamic influence of microglia on the glymphatic system.
Potential of Raman‐Reflectance Combination in Quantifying Liver Steatosis and Fat Droplet Size: Evidence From Monte Carlo Simulations and Phantom Studies
Authors: Guo Hao , Zions Vanessa S. , Law Brent A. , Hewitt Kevin C. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThis study explores a combined strategy of Raman and reflectance spectroscopy for quantifying liver fat content and fat droplet size, crucial in assessing donor livers. By using Monte Carlo simulations and experimental setups with oil‐in‐water phantoms, our findings indicate that Raman scattering can solely differentiate between varying fat contents. At the same time, reflectance intensity is influenced by both fat content and oil droplet size, with a more pronounced sensitivity to fat droplet size. This study demonstrates the efficacy of combined Raman and reflectance spectroscopy in assessing liver steatosis and fat droplet size, potentially aiding in assessing donor livers for transplantation.
Characterization of Limbus Biomechanical Properties Using Optical Coherence Elastography
Authors: Zhang Yubao , Wang Yue , Han Xiao , Luo Jiahui , Lin Chuanqi , Zhang Qin , He Xingdao 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe elasticity of the limbus is crucial for ocular health, yet it remains inadequately explored. This study employs acoustic radiation force optical coherence elastography (ARF‐OCE) to evaluate the biomechanical properties of the limbus under varying intraocular pressures. The method was validated using a heterogeneous phantom and subsequently applied to ex vivo porcine limbus samples. Elastic wave velocity at specific locations within the limbus was calculated, and the corresponding Young's modulus values were obtained. Spatial elasticity distribution maps were generated by correlating Young's modulus values with their respective locations in the two‐dimensional structural images. The results indicate that ARF‐OCE enhances the understanding of limbus biomechanical behavior and holds potential for diagnosing regional variations caused by ocular diseases.
High failure rate but promising clinical performance after implantation of a flexible medial meniscus prosthesis at 1‐year follow‐up
Authors: van Minnen Branco S. , Heesterbeek Petra J. C. , Defoort Koen C. , Emans Pieter J. , van Arkel Ewoud R. A. , Struik Thijmen , Jutten Liesbeth M. , Susan Saskia , van de Groes Sebastiaan A. W. , Verdonschot Nico , van Tienen Tony G. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeAfter unsatisfactory results in a first‐in‐human clinical investigation with an anatomically shaped medial meniscus prosthesis, the prosthesis and its fixation technique were altered. This interim analysis of a prospective single‐arm clinical investigation aims to evaluate safety and clinical performance in a first‐in‐human study with the redesigned meniscus prosthesis system.MethodsTen patients suffering from medial postmeniscectomy pain syndrome were treated with the meniscus prosthesis. Patient‐reported outcome measures were obtained at baseline and at 6‐week, 3‐, 6‐, and 12‐month follow‐up. Radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained to evaluate joint degeneration and prosthesis location.ResultsThe device alterations resolved the issues occurring with the previous design, but four prostheses were explanted after fixation failure or subluxation of the prosthesis. Five out of six patients who reached 1‐year follow‐up reported a clinically significant improvement of the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score pain subscale. Imaging revealed no adverse effects on joint degeneration.ConclusionThe failure mechanisms that occurred with the previous design have been resolved, but the new fixation technique introduced new safety issues. Improvement of positioning and fixation techniques are considered essential future adaptations to reduce the risk of failure. The good clinical outcomes reported by the patients reaching 1‐year follow‐up indicate that the medial meniscus prosthesis is a potential solution for patients suffering from postmeniscectomy pain syndrome.Level of EvidenceLevel II.
Microwave‐to‐Optics Conversion Using Magnetostatic Modes and a Tunable Optical Cavity
Authors: Wu Wei‐Jiang , Wang Yi‐Pu , Li Jie , Li Gang , You Jian‐Qiang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractQuantum computing, quantum communication, and quantum networks rely on hybrid quantum systems operating in different frequency ranges. For instance, the superconducting qubits work in the gigahertz range, while the optical photons used in communication are in the range of hundreds of terahertz. Due to the large frequency mismatch, achieving the direct coupling and information exchange between different information carriers is generally difficult. Accordingly, a quantum interface is demanded, which serves as a bridge to establish information linkage between different quantum systems operating at distinct frequencies. Recently, the magnon mode in ferromagnetic spin systems has received significant attention. While the inherent weak optomagnonic coupling strength restricts the microwave‐to‐optical photon conversion efficiency using magnons, the versatility of the magnon modes, together with their readily achievable strong coupling with other quantum systems, endow them with many distinct advantages. Here, the magnon‐based microwave‐light interface is realized by adopting an optical cavity with adjustable free spectrum range and different kinds of magnetostatic modes in two microwave cavity configurations. By optimizing the parameters, a conversion efficiency of with bandwidth of 24 MHz is achieved. The impact of various parameters on the microwave‐to‐optics conversion is analyzed. The study provides useful guidance and insights to further enhancing the microwave‐to‐optics conversion efficiency using magnons.
Polarization‐Induced Buildup and Switching Mechanisms for Soliton Molecules Composed of Noise‐Like‐Pulse Transition States
Authors: Si Zhi‐Zeng , Ju Zhen‐Tao , Ren Long‐Fei , Wang Xue‐Peng , Malomed Boris A. , Dai Chao‐Qing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBuildup and switching mechanisms of solitons in complex nonlinear systems are fundamentally important dynamical regimes. Using a novel strongly nonlinear optical system, including saturable absorber metal‐organic framework (MOF)‐253@Au and a polarization controller (PC), the work reveals a new buildup scenario for “soliton molecules (SMs)”, which includes a long‐duration stage dominated by the emergence of transient noise‐like pulses (NLPs) modes to withstand strong disturbances arising from “turbulence” and extreme nonlinearity in the optical cavity. The switching between SMs and NLPs is controlled by the cavity polarization state. The switching involves the spectral collapse, following spectral oscillations with a variable period, and self‐organization of NLPs, following energy overshoot. This switching mechanism applies to various patterns with single, paired, and clustered pulses. In the multi‐pulses stage, XPM (cross‐phase‐modulation)‐induced interactions between solitons facilitate a specific mode of energy exchange between them, proportional to interaction duration, ensuring pulse stability during and after state transitions. Systematic simulations reveal the effects of the PC's rotation angle and intra‐cavity nonlinearity on the periodic phase transitions between the different soliton states and accurately reproduce the experimentally observed buildup and switching mechanisms. These findings can enhance the fundamental study and points to potential uses in designing information encoding systems.
Corrosion Behavior of Aluminum in Fossil Diesel Fuel and Biodiesel From Chicken Eggshell‐Alumina‐Catalyzed Waste Cooking Oil
Authors: Popoola Lekan Taofeek , Agbo Alfred Ogbodo , Taura Usman , Yusuff Adeyinka Sikiru , Asmara Yuli Panca , Olagunju Olusegun A. , Chima Onyemaechi Melford 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTTo curb environmental pollution emanating from the exhausts of engines using fossil diesel fuel (DF), studies on the use of biodiesel from renewable energy source are ongoing. However, engine components have been observed to corrode easily in biodiesels. In this study, a comparative study of the corrosion rate of aluminum coupon (AC) in biodiesel from waste cooking oil over chicken eggshell‐supported alumina catalyst (WCOB) and fossil DF was executed. Weight loss method was used to examine the corrosion rate. Highest corrosion rates of 0.0381 and 0.0052 mm year−1 were recorded for AC in WCOB and DF, respectively. The developed mathematical models proved effective for corrosion rate prediction. At optimum prediction, the minimum corrosion rates for the AC in WCOB and DF were 1.822 × 10−3 and 1.222 × 10−3 mm year, respectively. Characterization revealed pits formation and presence of oxygen and carbon on AC surface with loss of Al ions from the AC surface into WCOB and DF after corrosion. In conclusion, all results revealed high corrosion rates of AC in WCOB than DF.
Use of Free Internal Mammary Artery Perforator Flap Harvested With Minimally Invasive Approach for Facial Reconstruction: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Choi Yun , Lee Kyeong‐Tae 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe internal mammary artery perforator (IMAP) flap has been widely used for chest wall and neck reconstruction. The color of its skin paddle closely resembles that of facial skin, making it attractive for facial reconstruction. However, there has been insufficient investigations reporting the use of free IMAP flap. Furthermore, even in such studies, somewhat invasive procedures, including rib cartilage resection, were employed to ensure sufficient pedicle length, potentially increasing donor morbidity. Our report presents two cases of successful facial defect reconstruction using a free IMAP flap harvested with minimal donor site damage, showing its feasibility. In the first case, a 48‐year‐old male underwent wide excision for a malignant melanoma on his right cheek, resulting in a 4 × 4.5 cm full‐thickness defect. A free IMAP flap with a 2.5 cm pedicle, was harvested without rib cartilage resection, preserving IMA main trunk, and transferred with anastomosed to the angular vessels within the defect. The second patient presented with a 4.5 × 3.5 cm basal cell carcinoma on the left cheek, necessitating wide excision and leaving a 6 × 5 cm defect. A free IMAP flap was harvested with the same approach and successfully reconstructed the defect with connected to the superficial temporal vessels using vascular bridge. Both patients were discharged complication‐free, with no recurrence during 24 and 15 months of follow‐up, respectively. They were highly satisfied with the final skin color and texture outcomes. Harvesting a free IMAP flap while minimizing donor morbidity may offer an attractive option for facial reconstruction.
Design of a multilayer absorber for ultra‐wideband radar cross section reduction
Authors: Li Liang , Gao Hongwei , Zhang Binchao , Wang Junwei , Jin Cheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study proposes an ultra‐wideband multilayer absorber by combining frequency selective surface (FSS) and absorbing material. The structure is composed by three layers which are FSS loaded with resistors, absorbing material at the bottom and each layer is separated by air. The FSS in bottom has good absorption performance at high frequency while the upper layer is used to achieve low‐band absorption. To extend the absorption band to the low frequency, it further add a layer of absorbing material at the bottom. Equivalent circuit is employed to analyze the principle of the designed absorber. The simulation results show that an ultra‐wide absorption band from 0.61 to 12.33 GHz with a fractional bandwidth of 181% is realized for both TE and TM waves under the normal incidence. Furthermore, the thickness of the structure is only 0.07λL, where λL represents the wavelength of the minimum operating frequency. The designed absorber is fabricated and measured, and the measurement is in good agreement with the simulation.
A subspace‐adaptive weights cubature method with application to the local hyperreduction of parameterized finite element models
Authors: Bravo J. R. , Hernández J. A. , Ares de Parga S. , Rossi R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article is concerned with quadrature/cubature rules able to deal with multiple subspaces of functions, in such a way that the integration points are common for all the subspaces, yet the (nonnegative) weights are tailored to each specific subspace. These subspace‐adaptive weights cubature rules can be used to accelerate computational mechanics applications requiring efficiently evaluating spatial integrals whose integrand function dynamically switches between multiple pre‐computed subspaces. One of such applications is local hyperreduced‐order modeling (HROM), in which the solution manifold is approximately represented as a collection of basis matrices, each basis matrix corresponding to a different region in parameter space. The proposed optimization framework is discrete in terms of the location of the integration points, in the sense that such points are selected among the Gauss points of a given finite element mesh, and the target subspaces of functions are represented by orthogonal basis matrices constructed from the values of the functions at such Gauss points, using the singular value decomposition (SVD). This discrete framework allows us to treat also problems in which the integrals are approximated as a weighted sum of the contribution of each finite element, as in the energy‐conserving sampling and weighting method of C. Farhat and co‐workers. Two distinct solution strategies are examined. The first one is a greedy strategy based on an enhanced version of the empirical cubature method (ECM) developed by the authors elsewhere (we call it the subspace‐adaptive weights ECM, SAW‐ECM for short), while the second method is based on a convexification of the cubature problem so that it can be addressed by linear programming algorithms. We show in a toy problem involving integration of polynomial functions that the SAW‐ECM clearly outperforms the other method both in terms of computational cost and optimality. On the other hand, we illustrate the performance of the SAW‐ECM in the construction of a local HROMs in a highly nonlinear equilibrium problem (large strains regime). We demonstrate that, provided that the subspace‐transition errors are negligible, the error associated to hyperreduction using adaptive weights can be controlled by the truncation tolerances of the SVDs used for determining the basis matrices. We also show that the number of integration points decreases notably as the number of subspaces increases, and that, in the limiting case of using as many subspaces as snapshots, the SAW‐ECM delivers rules with a number of integration points only dependent on the intrinsic dimensionality of the solution manifold and the degree of overlapping required to avoid subspace‐transition errors. The Python source codes of the proposed SAW‐ECM are openly accessible in the public repository
https://github.com/Rbravo555/localECM.
Intelligent integration of ANN and H‐infinity control for optimal enhanced performance of a wind generation unit linked to a power system
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed Abd‐El‐Hakeem , Kamel Salah , Zeinoddini‐Meymand Hamed 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article focuses on utilizing intelligent H‐∞ synthesis to create a controller for a wind generation system linked to a power system via a static VAR compensator. The purpose of the control approach is twofold: firstly, to enhance the system's dynamic reactions to turbulent wind variations, and secondly, to elevate the quality of power generation. To achieve optimal control of the system, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is combined with the H‐∞ control method. This integration leverages the strengths of both ANN, which excels in modeling and optimization, and H‐∞, which prioritizes robustness to enhance dynamic performance. The resultant control strategy, connecting ANN and H‐∞, demonstrates the capability to deliver superior performance, precise tracking, and minimal overshooting. This approach is adaptive to changing control signals and exhibits robust characteristics, effectively managing uncertainties and disturbances. Through a simulation study, the effectiveness of this presented technique is showcased in enhancing the dynamic response of the system when compared to alternative control strategies.
A comparison of physical, morphological, and mechanical properties of bio‐polyester hybrid nanocomposites
Authors: Rath Abjesh Prasad , Krishnan P. Santhana Gopala , Kanny Krishnan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIt is imperative to improve the physical, morphological, and mechanical properties of biodegradable polymers like polylactic acid (PLA), poly (butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT), and polycaprolactone (PCL) in order to employ them on a larger scale. The development of hybrid nanocomposite materials using nano inclusions can improve desired qualities. Here we introduced an interactive nano reinforcement approach to improve the properties by combining graphene oxide (GO) and carboxyl functionalized MWCNT (f‐MWCNT), to provide for their chemical bonding for synergic reinforcement. A constant filler 2 wt.% was added to the biopolyesters by melt blending process and examined the different physical properties like water absorption, intrinsic viscosity, and hardness. To completely evaluate the functionalization of the nanofillers, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared radiation (FTIR) analyses were used. The paired nanoparticles and polymer matrix appear to mix well together, as shown by electron microscopy, which also reveals good dispersion and the creation of a reinforcing network microstructure across the matrix layer. A thorough analysis of the results showed that effective stress transmission, delaying the start of faults and generating microcracks, and dissipating additional mechanical energy all contributed to efficient hybrid network formation, which improved the mechanical properties of hybrid filler nanocomposites except some nanocomposites. These findings offer a viable technique for chemically altering biodegradable polymers, like PLA, PBAT, and PCL for use in biomedical, wastewater management, and agricultural applications.