bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dimensional alterations following vertical ridge augmentation using collagen membrane and three types of bone grafting materials: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Park Yun‐Ho , Choi Seong‐Ho , Cho Kyoo‐Sung , Lee Jung‐Seok 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundVarious biomaterials have been introduced for vertical ridge augmentation to replace autogenous block bone grafting.PurposeThis retrospective study radiographically evaluated dimensional alterations of the vertically augmented alveolar ridge using collagen membrane and 3 types of materials: autogenous bone block, allogenous bone block, and particulated bone substitute.Materials and methodsThe electronic medical records of 32 patients who received vertical ridge augmentation using 3 types of materials were searched: 9 for autogenous bone block, 12 for allogenous bone block, and 11 for particulated bone substitutes. The vertical bone gain, progression of bone resorption, and peri‐implant marginal bone loss after prosthetic loading were measured on follow‐up radiographs.ResultsThe alveolar ridge was vertically augmented by 5.13 ± 1.61, 4.54 ± 2.48, and 3.90 ± 0.85 mm (mean ± standard deviation) after grafting with autogenous bone block, allogenous bone block, and particulated bone substitute, respectively. The radiographic vertical height of the augmented ridge that received autogenous bone block reduced continuously during the first year but was stable thereafter. Sites that received allogenous bone block or particulated bone substitute exhibited dimensional shrinkage for up to 1.5 years postsurgery. However, the peri‐implant marginal bone loss did not exceed 1 mm throughout the observational periods in all groups.ConclusionsThe clinical findings of this study suggest that the alveolar ridge can be vertically augmented using either allogenous bone block or particulated bone substitute. However, they require a longer healing period to ensure dimensional stability compared to the autogenous bone block.
Pituicytoma—An outlook on possible targeted therapies
Authors: Mende Klaus Christian , Matschke Jakob , Burkhardt Till , Saeger Wolfgang , Buslei Rolf , Buchfelder Michael , Fahlbusch Rudolf , Westphal Manfred , Flitsch Jörg 
Published: May 2017

SummaryIntroductionPituicytoma is a rare neoplasm of the sella region. Tumor resection is the primary treatment option, but remains subtotal due to excessive bleeding in many cases. The search for alternative or additional treatment regimens is necessary.AimsWe aimed to determine the receptor expression of pituicytoma to find alternatives or supplements to surgical therapy in the use of targeted therapies.MethodsPituicytoma samples were collected from three institutions between 2006 and 2015 and were stained for vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF), thyroid transcription factor (TTF1), and somatostatin receptors (SSTR 2/3/5). The stains were classified from 0=no staining to +++=strong staining. A complementary retrospective analysis of the patient charts regarding sex, age, and primary symptoms, pituitary function, and perioperative complications was performed.ResultsTen samples were analyzed; mean patient age was 57.8 years SD 16.3 years. Seven samples were acquired from male patients (one relapse) and three from female. All tumors stained strongly positive (+++) for VEGF‐R. Six samples stained positive for TTF1. As for somatostatin receptors, three samples were slightly positive for SSTR 2; seven were negative. SSTR 3 was + in one, three were ++, three were +++, and three were 0. SSTR 5 stained +++ in 1, ++ in 5, + in 1, and 0 in three patients.ConclusionsPituicytomas were generally positive for VEGFR and showed regular expression of SSTR 3 and 5 indicating a possible treatment option through targeted therapies in cases where resection remains insufficient. Further research is necessary as to whether tumor growth can be inhibited using these pathways.
Psychological impact of a genetic diagnosis on hearing impairment—An exploratory study
Authors: Oonk A.M.M. , Ariens S. , Kunst H.P.M. , Admiraal R.J.C. , Kremer H. , Pennings R.J.E. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveGenetic testing for hereditary hearing impairment has become more routinely available as a diagnostic tool in the outpatient clinic. However, little is known about the psychological impact of a genetic diagnosis. To evaluate this impact, an exploratory study was conducted.DesignProspectively, 48 individuals who underwent genetic testing for hereditary hearing impairment were included in this study. Study participants were asked to fill out the following questionnaires: Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale, Impact of Event Scale, Self‐Efficacy 24, Illness Cognition Questionnaire and the Inventory for Social Reliance. Questionnaires were filled out on three occasions: before genetic testing, directly after counselling on either positive or negative test results, and six weeks thereafter.ResultsNo significant differences were found between the group that received a genetic diagnosis for their hearing impairment and the group that did not.ConclusionThis study did not demonstrate differences between receiving a genetic diagnosis or not; however, special attention to psychological well‐being should be offered to hearing‐impaired patients who seek a genetic diagnosis for their hearing impairment. Additionally, the psychological impact of sensorineural hearing impairment might be greater than the impact of a genetic diagnosis itself. Based on the current exploratory study, there are no psychological reasons in favour of or against genetic testing for hereditary hearing impairment.
A new player in the international development community? Chile as an emerging donor
Authors: Gutiérrez Alexis , Jaimovich Dany 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn recent years a series of non‐traditional donors have gained relevance as providers of Official Development Assistance (ODA). In the present study we analyze the case of Chile, one of these emerging donors. Our estimates indicate that Chile's ODA was roughly 0.01% of gross domestic product (GDP) in the period from 2006 to 2012. Even though this magnitude was far below that of other emerging donors, Chile has become one of the main regional donors within Latin America. We show that the Chilean approach to international co‐operation has been a mix of emergency aid and technical assistance for social policies, often in response to diplomatic affairs. As such, Chilean ODA has been mainly an instrument of soft power diplomacy.
An analysis of donor engagement with education policy development in Lao PDR from 1991 to 2000
Authors: Phommalangsy Phouvanh , Honan Eileen 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis paper describes the relationship between donor agencies and government during the development of Lao basic education policy in the post‐Cold War period, 1991‐2000. We argue that Laos had only recently been ‘re‐ born’ from colonial regimes, and was thus unable to resist or mediate donor policy agendas and donors who acted on behalf of economically developed nations. The nature of the power relationship between donor and government is explored through an analysis of policy developed at that time as well as the perceptions of aid conditionalities, as recalled by government officials and those working in the aid sector at that time. These perceptions were gathered through interviews conducted by one of the authors.
Species diversity of insects in Japan: Their origins and diversification processes
Authors: Tojo Koji , Sekiné Kazuki , Takenaka Masaki , Isaka Yuichi , Komaki Shohei , Suzuki Tomoya , Schoville Sean D. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractJapan is considered a global hot spot of biodiversity. With regard to species diversity, insects are no exception. To date, more than 32,000 insect species have been identified in Japan, while around 100,000 species of insects are estimated to inhabit this country. In this paper, we outline background factors having contributed to diversification of Japanese insects. Of course, the high degree of Japanese insect diversity is the result of many complex factors. In addition to the humid Asian monsoon climate and the extensive latitudinal gradient of habitats, the extremely complex geological history has contributed as an important factor to generate and maintain the high species diversity and endemism. In particular, the independent origins of northeastern and southwestern Japan from the Eurasian continent have greatly contributed to the diverse composition of Japanese insect fauna. To highlight the importance of this process, we introduce some case studies and previously published papers focusing on several insect groups with low dispersal ability. Those cases indicate that the geological history of Japan has played an important role in the differentiation of Japanese insect species. Besides such geological factors, climatic and ecological factors in combination have contributed to the formation of Japanese insect fauna in complicated ways and produced its particularly high degree of biodiversity. The knowledge compiled here will provide useful information for future studies aiming to understand more deeply the processes of speciation and faunal formation of Japanese insects.
List of trees and shrubs infested by Kalotermes flavicollis (Kalotermitidae) in Greece
Authors: Buchelos C. T. , Papadopoulou S. , Chryssohoides C. , Nota I. 
Published: May 2017

In Greece, the damage caused to trees and shrubs by termites has been increasing over the last 10 years. Local government and citizens have become interested in this pest due to frequent accidents caused by trees falling onto pavements, cars and people. This led the authors to carry out a survey to list the termite‐infested plant species, mainly on urban streets and in fields all over the country. The only termite species found was Kalotermes flavicollis (family Kalotermitidae). The present study highlights the current situation in Greece and provides a list of the fruit and ornamental trees and shrubs found to be infested by K. flavicollis, during the survey.
A global geography of synchrony for terrestrial vegetation
Authors: Defriez Emma J. , Reuman Daniel C. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimPrevious work demonstrated a pronounced geography of synchrony for marine phytoplankton and used that geography to infer statistical environmental determinants of synchrony. Here, we determine whether terrestrial vegetation (measured by the enhanced vegetation index, EVI) also shows a geography of synchrony and we infer determinants of EVI synchrony. As vegetation is the basis of the terrestrial food web, changes in spatio‐temporal vegetation dynamics may have major consequences.LocationThe land.Time period2001–2014.Major taxaPlants.MethodsSynchrony in terrestrial vegetation is mapped globally. Spatial statistics and model selection are used to identify main statistical determinants of synchrony and of geographical patterns in synchrony.ResultsThe first main result is that there is a pronounced and previously unrecognized geography of synchrony for terrestrial vegetation. Some areas, such as the Sahara and Southern Africa, exhibited nearly perfect synchrony, whereas other areas, such as the Pacific coast of South America, showed very little synchrony. Spatial modelling provided the second main result, namely that synchrony in temperature and precipitation were major determinants of synchrony in EVI, supporting the presence of dual global Moran effects. These effects depended on the time‐scales on which synchrony was assessed, providing our third main result, namely that synchrony of EVI and its geography are time‐scale specific.Main conclusionsTo our knowledge, this study is the first to document the geography of synchrony in terrestrial vegetation. We showed that geographical variation in synchrony is pronounced. We used geographical patterns to identify determinants of synchrony. This study is one of very few studies to demonstrate two separate synchronous environmental variables driving synchrony simultaneously. The geography of synchrony is apparently a major phenomenon that has been little explored.
HLA genotyping using the Illumina HLA TruSight next‐generation sequencing kits: A comparison
Authors: Profaizer T. , Lázár‐Molnár E. , Pole A. , Delgado J. C. , Kumánovics A. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryIllumina first introduced their TruSight human leucocyte antigen (HLA) next‐generation sequencing (NGS) typing kit in 2015 and subsequently followed up with a new version in 2016. Here we report on our experience comparing the two versions of the Illumina HLA NGS kits.
Implementation of a critical care outreach service: a qualitative study
Authors: Jeddian A. , Lindenmeyer A. , Marshall T. , Howard A.F. , Sayadi L. , Rashidian A. , Jafari N. 
Published: May 2017

AimThe aim of this study was to explore hospital staff perceptions of the perceived challenges and outcomes of implementing a critical care outreach service.BackgroundA nurse‐led critical care outreach service was designed and implemented to identify and treat acutely ill patients in a large tertiary care hospital in Iran.MethodsA qualitative analysis of data from two focus groups and seven interviews was carried out using conventional content analyses techniques. A total of 24 hospital staff members participated, including critical care outreach team members, physicians, ward head nurses and ward staff.FindingsTwo main categories described the perceived challenges to the implementation of the critical care outreach service: 1) the hospital context, with four subcategories related to staff shortages, the instability of physician positions, the lack of specialized essential services and the absence of a system to establish do‐not‐resuscitate orders, and 2) staff resistance to different nursing priorities, routines and extra work. In two additional main categories, participants also described positive and negative perceived outcomes. The positive perceived outcomes included three subcategories of alleviating equipment shortages, improving nursing knowledge and patient care and improving patient and healthcare professional satisfaction.DiscussionWhile critical care outreach has the potential to improve patient perceived outcomes and both patient and provider satisfaction with care, the contextual and clinical realities in hospitals are significant and must be examined during the planning and implementation of future outreach.Conclusion and Implications for nursing and health policyA critical care outreach service in the context of an Iranian hospital has the potential to improve ward nurse familiarity with the care of acutely ill patients and the quality of palliative care. However, attention ought to be paid to the hospital's structural and contextual factors. Alleviating nursing shortages, reducing staff resistance and preparing goals of care guidelines that address restrictions on resuscitation could facilitate implementation of critical care outreach services.
Circulation of hemocoelic fluid during slow and fast swimming in the pteropod mollusc Clione limacina
Authors: Szymik Brett G. , Satterlie Richard A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn the pteropod mollusc Clione limacina Phipps 1774, individuals possess an open circulatory system that fills their body cavities and functions as a hydrostatic skeleton. Individuals of C. limacina demonstrate two distinct swimming behaviors, slow and fast swimming, and their wings are supported by their hydrostatic skeleton. We investigated the circulation of fluid within the body cavities of individuals of C. limacina by injecting dye into the hemocoelic compartments to visualize flow during both slow swimming and serotonin‐induced fast swimming. Hemocoelic fluid was observed to have a defined pattern of flow: rostrally from the heart into the wings and head, then following a dorsal pathway caudally into the body and tail before being taken up by the heart again. During patterned attack behavior, the neck constricted in width as the head's buccal cones were hydraulically inflated with hemocoelic fluid.
Long‐Term Oral Bisphosphonate Therapy and Fractures in Older Women: The Women's Health Initiative
Authors: Drieling Rebecca L. , LaCroix Andrea Z. , Beresford Shirley A. A. , Boudreau Denise M. , Kooperberg Charles , Chlebowski Rowan T. , Ko Marcia G. , Heckbert Susan R. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectivesTo examine the association between long‐term bisphosphonate use and fracture in older women at high risk of fracture.DesignRetrospective cohort.SettingWomen's Health Initiative.ParticipantsOlder women who reported at least 2 years of bisphosphonate use in 2008–09 (N = 5,120).MeasurementsExposure data were from a current medications inventory. Outcomes (hip, clinical vertebral, wrist or forearm, any clinical fracture) were ascertained annually. Using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models, the association between duration of bisphosphonate use (3–5, 6–9, 10–13 years) and fracture was estimated, using 2 years as the referent group.ResultsOn average participants were 80 years old and were followed for 3.7 ± 1.2 years. There were 127 hip, 159 wrist or forearm, 235 clinical vertebral, and 1,313 clinical fractures. In multivariate‐adjusted analysis, 10 to 13 years of bisphosphonate use was associated with higher risk of any clinical fracture than 2 years of use (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07–1.57). This association persisted in analyses limited to women with a prior fracture (HR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.01–1.67) and women with no history of cancer (HR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.10–1.68). The association of 10 to 13 years of use, compared with 2 years of use, was not statistically significant for hip (HR = 1.66, 95% CI = 0.81–3.40), clinical vertebral (HR = 1.65, 95% CI = 0.99–2.76), or wrist fracture (HR = 1.16, 95% CI = 0.67–2.00).ConclusionIn older women at high risk of fracture, 10 to 13 years of bisphosphonate use was associated with higher risk of any clinical fracture than 2 years of use. These results add to concerns about the benefit of very long‐term bisphosphonate use.
A review of the role of sebum in the mechanism of acne pathogenesis
Authors: Li Xinchao , He Congfen , Chen Zhou , Zhou Cheng , Gan Yao , Jia Yan 
Published: May 2017

SummaryAcne is one of the most common skin disorders, and its occurrence is closely related to many factors, including sebum secretion, hormone levels, bacterial infection, and inflammatory reactions. Among these, changes in sebum secretion are believed to be one important factor of acne. Increased sebum secretion can induce acne occurrence, and increasing evidence indicates sebum component changes are also strongly related to acne occurrence. Recently, developments in lipidomics have provided effective lipid analysis methods. These can help elucidate the effects of different types of sebum on acne occurrence and provide a theoretical basis for research on the mechanisms of acne pathogenesis and treatment.
Ambivalence and Living Apart Together in Later Life: A Critical Research Proposal
Authors: Connidis Ingrid Arnet , Borell Klas , Karlsson Sofie Ghazanfareeon 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMost unattached older persons who would like an intimate partnership do not want to remarry or be in a marriage‐like relationship. A growing trend is to live apart together (LAT) in an ongoing intimate relationship that does not include a common home. We address the debate about whether LAT constitutes a new form of intimate relationship in a critical assessment of research on LAT relationships that applies ambivalence and concepts from the life course perspective. We conclude that among older but not younger adults, LAT relationships are generally a stable alternative to living with a partner, negotiated in the context of current social institutions and arrangements. We propose research questions that address later life living apart together as an innovative alternative intimate relationship. We encourage comparative work on the unique challenges of later life living apart together, their implications for other family ties, and their connection to social and cultural arrangements.
Refugee children and their health, development and well‐being over the first year of settlement: A longitudinal study
Authors: Zwi Karen , Rungan Santuri , Woolfenden Susan , Woodland Lisa , Palasanthiran Pamela , Williams Katrina 
Published: May 2017

AimThis study aimed to describe refugee children, their families and settlement characteristics, and how their development and social‐emotional well‐being change over time.MethodsWe conducted a longitudinal study of 61 refugee children (6 months to 15 years) in an Australian setting, over 2009–2013 and measured child, family and settlement factors as well as physical health, development and social‐emotional well‐being (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ).ResultsQuestionnaires were completed with parents of 54 (89%) children at year 2 and 52 (100%) at year 3. Forty percent of parents had low levels of education, 30% of fathers were absent on arrival, 13% of children were born in refugee camps and 11% of parents self‐disclosed previous trauma. Over time, there was increased parental employment (P = 0.001), improved English proficiency for partners (P = 0.02) and reduced stressful life events in the last 12 months (P = 0.003). At years 2 and 3, parents were studying English (96%; 76%), accessing government financial support (96%; 100%) and primary health care (98%; 87%), and feeling supported by their own (78%; 73%) or the general (69%; 63%) community. Fifteen percent of children had a chronic disease, and 13% were obese and overweight. In pre‐school children, 27% had mild developmental problems in year 2; all were normal by year 3. Abnormal SDQ total difficulties scores reduced over time from 13 to 6% of children but this did not reach significance.ConclusionMost refugee children have developmental and well‐being outcomes within the normal range by year 3. However, a minority of children have persistently poor social‐emotional outcomes.
Non‐typhoidal Salmonella infections in children: Review of literature and recommendations for management
Authors: Wen Sophie CH , Best Emma , Nourse Clare 
Published: May 2017

AbstractNon‐typhoidal Salmonellae are a major cause of infectious diarrhoea worldwide and can cause invasive diseases, including bacteraemia, meningitis and osteomyelitis. Young or immunocompromised children and those with underlying conditions such as sickle cell disease are particularly vulnerable to invasive disease. There has been an increase in the rate of resistant non‐typhoidal Salmonella, which is associated with invasive disease and hospitalisation. The intracellular nature of non‐typhoidal Salmonella protects against extracellular antibiotics and can facilitate disease relapse, particularly meningitis. Effective antimicrobial agents with good intracellular penetration include azithromycin, fluoroquinolones and third‐generation cephalosporins. Antibiotic treatment of non‐typhoidal Salmonella gastroenteritis is only indicated if there are risk factors for invasive disease as it can prolong excretion and does not shorten the duration of gastrointestinal symptoms. Optimal choice and length of therapy for gastroenteritis and invasive disease in children is not clear. Here, we provide a review of the literature and treatment recommendations.