bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Choosing Peace Instead of War. A Lesson from Athenian Democracy
Authors: Economou Emmanouil M.L. , Kyriazis Nicholas C. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe present essay discusses how a society can make decisions on specific issues according to how flexible or rigid it is in accepting new ideas and trends. Then, it explains how Athenian society abandoned war in favor of a grand peace strategy during the second half of the 4th century BCE. To achieve this, two visionary Athenian policymakers, Eubulus and Lycurgus, introduced fiscal expansionary policy programs which proved beneficial for the majority of the citizens. Through expansionary public works programs, Athenian citizens were now able to make decisions based on rational choices, based on a wider economic prospective. They could now gain more during periods of peace (as traders, ship-owners, “industrialists” etc.), providing compensation to the poor.
Rb2Ca2Si3O9: the first rubidium calcium silicate
Authors: Kahlenberg Volker , Müllner Michael , Schmidmair Daniela , Perfler Lukas , Többens Daniel M. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The crystal structure of Rb2Ca2Si3O9 has been characterized by X-ray diffraction techniques and Raman spectroscopy. Crystal growth was performed by the flux method in closed platinum capsules using a polycrystalline ceramic precursor as well as RbCl as a mineralizer. The crystal structure was solved from a single-crystal diffraction data set acquired at 23 °C and refined to a final residual of R(|F|)=0.022 for 1871 independent reflections. Basic crystallographic data are as follows: monoclinic symmetry, space group type P1n1, a=6.5902(3) Å, b=7.3911(3) Å, c=10.5904(4) Å, β=93.782(3)°, V=514.72(3) Å3, Z=2. With respect to the silicate anions the compound can be classified as a sechser single-chain silicate. The undulated chains run parallel to [-101] and are connected by Rb and Ca cations, which are distributed among four crystallographically independent sites. In a first approximation the coordination polyhedra of the two different calcium ions in the asymmetric unit can be described by distorted trigonal prisms and tetragonal pyramids, respectively. The two rubidium sites exhibit more irregular coordination spheres with eight to nine next neighbors. Structural investigations on the new phase are completed by solid state micro-Raman spectroscopy. DFT-calculations were employed for the interpretation of the spectroscopic data including the allocation of the bands to certain vibrational species.
The Politcs of Europeanism: “God” in Ernst Troeltsch’s War and Post-War Writings
Authors: Schmiedel Ulrich 
Published: March 2016

AbstractFolgt man den Theologen der Krise um Karl Barth, dann zeigt das Manifest An die Kulturwelt von 1914, dass eine Historisierung des Gottesbegriffs zur theologischen Unterstützung von Imperialismus und Militarismus führt. Ernst Troeltsch (1865-1923) galt und gilt als der Theologe des Historismus. Obwohl er das Manifest nicht unterschrieben hat, wirft es seinen langen Schatten auch auf Troeltschs Bestimmung(en) des Gottesgedankens.Ausgehend von einer Analyse ausgewählter Kriegs- und Nachkriegsschriften Troeltschs argumentiere ich, dass Troeltsch eine politische Theologie formuliert, die kulturellem Relativismus wie kulturellem Absolutismus entgegenwirken kann, gerade weil sie den Gottesgedanken historisiert. Troeltschs Historisierung des Gottesgedankens verhindert, dass Gott für die Zwecke dieser oder jener Kultur instrumentalisiert werden kann. Seine politische Theologie kulminiert in der Begriffsbestimmung des Europäismus, auf dessen Potential für die intra- und die interkulturelle Kommunikation im heutigen Europa ich abschließend zu sprechen komme. Um dieses Potential zu nutzen, muss man aber die Theologie(n) beleuchten, auf die das Manifest seinen Schatten geworfen hat.For theologians such as Karl Barth the support for Germany’s militaristic ambitions and actions voiced in the manifesto An die Kulturwelt, published in 1914, was a consequence of the historicization of theology. Ernst Troeltsch (1865- 1923), whose interdisciplinary thinking revolved around the significance of history for theology, was labeled the theologian of historicism. Although he had not signed the manifesto, it continues to throw a smokescreen over Troeltsch’s theology.Examining a selection of both his war writings and his post-war writings, I argue that Troeltsch conceptualized a political theology which led him to turn from a clash of cultures to a conversation of cultures. Troeltsch’s historicization of the concept of God allowed him to resist cultural relativism as well as cultural absolutism. Culminating in the concept of “Europeanism (Europäismus)”, Troeltsch’s political theology is instructive for a variety of intra- and inter-cultural conversations in Europe today. But in order to unlock its potential, the smokescreen which the manifesto has thrown over Troeltsch’s theology needs to be lifted.
Dielectric, Electromechanical and Elastic Properties of K (NH ) H PO Compounds
Authors: Korotkov L. , Likhovaja Likhovaja , Levitsky R. , Zachek I. , Vdovych A. 
Published: March 2016

We describe the available experimental data for the dielectric, piezoelectric, and elastic characteristics of the antiferroelectric crystals, using the proposed microscopic theory. Within the framework of the thermodynamic theory and using the obtained experimental data we calculate the dielectric, piezoelectrlic, and elastic characteristics of the compounds at > 0.32.
The Capacity to Act in Trans Varies Among Drosophila Enhancers
Authors: Blick Amanda J , Mayer-Hirshfeld Ilana , Malibiran Beatriz R , Cooper Matthew A , Martino Pieter A , Johnson Justine E , Bateman Jack R 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The interphase nucleus is organized such that genomic segments interact in cis, on the same chromosome, and in trans, between different chromosomes. In Drosophila and other Dipterans, extensive interactions are observed between homologous chromosomes, which can permit enhancers and promoters to communicate in trans. Enhancer action in trans has been observed for a handful of genes in Drosophila, but it is as yet unclear whether this is a general property of all enhancers or specific to a few. Here, we test a collection of well-characterized enhancers for the capacity to act in trans. Specifically, we tested 18 enhancers that are active in either the eye or wing disc of third instar Drosophila larvae and, using two different assays, found evidence that each enhancer can act in trans. However, the degree to which trans-action was supported varied greatly between enhancers. Quantitative analysis of enhancer activity supports a model wherein an enhancer’s strength of transcriptional activation is a major determinant of its ability to act in trans, but that additional factors may also contribute to an enhancer’s trans-activity. In sum, our data suggest that a capacity to activate a promoter on a paired chromosome is common among Drosophila enhancers.
Persistence of RNAi-Mediated Knockdown in Drosophila Complicates Mosaic Analysis Yet Enables Highly Sensitive Lineage Tracing
Authors: Bosch Justin A , Sumabat Taryn M , Hariharan Iswar K 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a powerful way of reducing gene function in Drosophila melanogaster tissues. By expressing synthetic short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) using the Gal4/UAS system, knockdown is efficiently achieved in specific tissues or in clones of marked cells. Here we show that knockdown by shRNAs is so potent and persistent that even transient exposure of cells to shRNAs can reduce gene function in their descendants. When using the FLP-out Gal4 method, in some instances we observed unmarked “shadow RNAi” clones adjacent to Gal4-expressing clones, which may have resulted from brief Gal4 expression following recombination but prior to cell division. Similarly, Gal4 driver lines with dynamic expression patterns can generate shadow RNAi cells after their activity has ceased in those cells. Importantly, these effects can lead to erroneous conclusions regarding the cell autonomy of knockdown phenotypes. We have investigated the basis of this phenomenon and suggested experimental designs for eliminating ambiguities in interpretation. We have also exploited the persistence of shRNA-mediated knockdown to design a sensitive lineage-tracing method, i-TRACE, which is capable of detecting even low levels of past reporter expression. Using i-TRACE, we demonstrate transient infidelities in the expression of some cell-identity markers near compartment boundaries in the wing imaginal disc.
Sistem Politik Indonesia Pasca Reformasi
Authors: Komara Endang 
Published: March 2016

This article was written with the purpose to provide analysis of the Indonesian political system after the reform. As we know that the political system is often regarded as the allocation of values ​​developed in the midst of society and every citizen appreciate them as ways of life. Appreciation of the value in the middle of the community is an achievement that fought to be obtained. Efforts made by doing internal intergenerational mobility of the political community to achieve the degree of political stability. Post-reform, the political system for the better, in which the role of the people more real in terms of repositioning the political system, from the selection of members of DPR / DPRD, DPD member elections, up to the local elections directly. The distribution of power is already at a level that means, it’s just that people in the region do not yet have the ability to understand that the distribution of power is an opportunity to develop the region. In contrast, the distribution of power in the area it gave birth to the corrupt spirit ingrained in people’s lives. Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/sd.v2i2.2814
Aktualisasi Demokrasi Pancasila dalam Kehidupan Berbangsa dan Bernegara
Authors: Yunus Nur Rohim 
Published: March 2016

Democracy, as well as a fundamental principle in virtually all countries, has also become principles in the country. Several typologies of democracy indicates a new pattern generated from the basic theory of democracy. Pancasila Democracy is essentially the norms regulating the conduct of the people’s sovereignty and the running state government, in the political, economic, social, cultural, and defense, for every citizen of the Republic of Indonesia, both at central and regional levels. The concept of Pancasila democracy excavated from the original values of the society that developed in Indonesia. Pancasila Democracy is a middle path that must be addressed wisely because it is a unifying alternative between Indonesia multicultural society. Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/sd.v2i2.2815
Professional Pharmacy Services and Patient Complexity: An Observational Study
Authors: Ignacy Teegan Aili , Camacho Ximena , Mamdani Muhammad , Juurlink David , Paterson J. Michael , Gomes Tara 
Published: March 2016

PURPOSE: To examine the association between the provision of professional pharmacy services (PPS) and patient complexity as determined by the number of distinct medications dispensed in Ontario. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study among all individuals dispensed one or more medications under the Ontario Public Drug Program (OPDP) between April 1st, 2012 and March 31st, 2013. We compared characteristics of patients receiving ­1 or more PPS to those receiving no PPS. To assess the relationship between patient complexity (as measured by the number of chronic medications dispensed) and receipt of PPS, we reported the number and proportion of patients eligible for Ontario Drug Benefits (ODB) who received a PPS within each patient complexity group, and compared these proportions using the Cochran-Armitage test. RESULTS: Over the 1-year study period, 27.1% (N = 799,674 of 2,946,183) of ODB beneficiaries received at least one professional pharmacy service. Among these services, more than two-thirds of the patients received a MedsCheck service (N=511,490; 64.0%). Overall, individuals who received a PPS tended to be older, more likely to reside in a long-term care (LTC) facility, have multiple comorbidities, and were more likely to have been prescribed 9 or more medications in the past year. As patient complexity increased, the proportion of ODB beneficiaries who received PPS also increased; 3.0% of individuals prescribed between 1 and 2 medications in the past year received PPS, while 53.6% of those treated with 13 or more medications received PPS (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Although the findings of our study suggest the use of PPS increases with patient complexity, many complex patients are not receiving these services. Further studies are required to better understand why patients do not access these services, the impact of professional pharmacy services on patient health outcomes, and their value for the health care system. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
The Moral Values of Syi’ir Ngudi Susilo in Building of Children’s Character
Authors: Hasim Moh 
Published: March 2016

This research was motivated by a condition that reading of Syi’ir as a culture in society<br />decreased. Whereas, Syi’ir contained a lot of good values related to children’s character building. Through field research method, philology, and documentary research, this study found that Syi’ir Ngudi Susilo was Syi’ir that contains children’s moral value to build their character. Syi’ir Ngudi Susilo consists of a very useful basic moral value to develop of children’s character. The Basic moral embedded in Syi’ir Ngudi Susilo were respect and responsibility. Respect would bring children to have polite in personality and behavior based on the moral value. From respect, children would have a responsible character that would create self-consciousness to do moral act. By those two basic moral values, respect and responsibility, then children would grow with noble characters.
AUXÍLIO COMPUTADORIZADO À IDENTIFICAÇÃO DO CÂNCER DE PULMÃO BASEADO EM MAPAS DE CONEXIDADE FUZZY PARTINDO DA ESCOLHA DE UMA SEMENTE IDEAL
Authors: Praxedes Silva Tiago Emmanuel , Oliveira Marcelo Costa 
Published: March 2016

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar de maneira qualitativa a precisáo da segmentaçáo por meio do algoritmo de construçáo de mapas de conexidade fuzzy partindo da escolha de uma semente ideal em relaçáo à segmentaçáo manual. Foram selecionados de maneira aleatória 30 nódulos do projeto “Lung Image Database Consortium”. O algoritmo desenvolvido se mostrou eficaz em identificar os nódulos pulmonares atingindo 90,4% de precisáo. Além disso, superou a precisáo do tradicional algoritmo de segmentaçáo por crescimento de regiáo em 9,1%. Logo, esta técnica possui potencial para ser utilizada como uma ferramenta de auxílio ao diagnóstico do câncer de pulmáo.
SISTEMAS DE GERENCIAMENTO DE BANCO DE DADOS EM TEMPO-REAL NA ÁREA HOSPITALAR: UM ESTUDO DE CASO PARA UNIDADE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA
Authors: Fernandes Yáskara Ygara Menescal Pinto , Neto Pedro Fernandes Ribeiro , Morais Antonio Higor Freire de , Valentim Ricardo Alexandro de Medeiros 
Published: March 2016

A automação hospitalar consiste em uma área que está em constante crescimento. Os processos envolvidos na mesma estão sendo informatizados e automatizados cada vez mais com novas tecnologias tanto de software como de hardware. Fato este, que implica no aumento do número de informações e complexidade no desenvolvimento de sistemas e gerenciamento de dados. Nesse sentido, várias pesquisas têm sido desenvolvidas e geralmente tem abordado vários dos problemas que são pertinentes aos processos que podem ser automatizados, tais como: segurança, comunicação, confiabilidade e desempenho das aplicações, dispositivos biomédicos, usabilidade dos sistemas, consistência lógica e temporal dos dados transações, entre outros. Considerando tais problemas, os sistemas de gerenciamento de banco de dados em tempo-real (SGBD-TR) apresentam características necessárias para garantir a validade lógica e temporal dos dados e transações, além de serem projetados para gerenciar grande volume de dados. Os SGBD-TR podem ser aplicados em: automação hospitalar, aviação, redes de sensores, entre outras. Essas aplicações possuem como característica o fato de, precisam executar em ambientes abertos e imprevisíveis por apresentar grande distribuição geográfica, alta heterogeneidade, inexistência de controle global, falhas parciais e falta de segurança. Portanto, considerando a complexidade dessas aplicações, torna-se fundamental realizar um estudo de caso em unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI), onde buscamos automatizar dados e transações em tempo-real com restrições temporais, considerando a consistência lógica e temporal dos mesmos. Dessa forma, serão utilizadas técnicas de qualidade de serviço para definir os níveis de corretude e de desempenho que devem ser satisfeitos pelas aplicações. Através do estudo de caso é possível realizar análises e simulações, buscando orientar o processo de tomada de decisão e propor soluções para a melhoria.
IMPORTÂNCIA DA INTERDISCIPLINARIDADE NA ATENÇÃO INTEGRAL AO PORTADOR DA DOENÇA DE PARKINSON POR MEIO DE CAMPANHA REALIZADA PELA IFMSA-BRAZIL
Authors: Gois Isabella Tarciana Pinheiro , Aranha Amanda Baptista , Godeiro Junior Clécio de Oliveira , Oliveira Daniel Fernandes Mello de , Revoredo Gabriela Lia de Aquino , Gomes Gustavo Afonso Santiago , Cavalcante Leandro Augusto Rocha , Varela Mariana Chianca Gomes 
Published: March 2016

A campanha “Parkinson: mova essa ideia” surgiu no contexto do Dia Nacional do parkinsoniano, dia 04 de abril, e do Dia Mundial da Doença de Parkinson, dia 11 de abril, com o intuito de promover uma conscientização sobre a doença tanto para os estudantes de medicina como para a população. Nosso objetivo foi revelar suas principais características e desmitificar alguns preconceitos relacionados à doença. Além disso, enfatizamos a necessidade de pró-atividade e movimentação do parkinsoniano, motivo pelo qual o título da campanha passa a ideia de movimento e de disseminação da informação. Para isso, foi realizado um evento multiprofissional sob a orientação de um neurologista, uma geriatra, uma fisioterapeuta e uma fonoaudióloga voltado aos estudantes de medicina participantes da ação e tendo estudantes de fonoaudiologia como convidados, em que a doença foi abordada de forma interdisciplinar. Posteriormente, houve uma intervenção em um movimentado parque da cidade de Natal, capital do Rio Grande do Norte, onde os frequentadores eram sensibilizados a interagir com os acadêmicos envolvidos na intervenção sobre a temática que estava sendo abordada e, por sua vez, a mensagem de atenção e cuidado para com os parkinsonianos era transmitida com boa receptividade. Dessa forma, foi realizada uma ação de sucesso, na qual o peso das parcerias foi decisivo para o êxito alcançado, o que demonstra a necessidade de um elo entre diferentes setores da sociedade para mover adiante essa relevante questão de saúde pública.
The Primex Proposal, Minimum Bid Price Requirements, And NASDAQ Market Woes
Authors: Azarmi Ted , Choi SungSup (Brian) , Haecker Christine 
Published: March 2016

The objective of this case is to teach and initiate a class discussion about the Primex proposal and minimum bid price requirements at NASDAQ. The discussion is facilitated by a real world case example that focuses on current NASDAQ market woes. Issues central to the performance of NASDAQ as a market place are analyzed. In addition, this study considers the effect of the merger of Instinet and Island on NASDAQ and evaluates NASDAQ's IPO decision.
Integrating Theoretical Perspectives Of Student Rating Behavior
Authors: Hatfield Louise , Kohn Jonathan 
Published: March 2016

This paper examines attribution, grade-leniency/stringency, motivation, and construct validity theories of student-rating behavior. Previous research has tended to treat these theories as mutually exclusive. However, our findings suggest that these theoretical perspectives should be integrated into a unified theory of student-rating behavior. The R-squares found in this study are larger than in any previous research, which we attribute largely to the rigor of using structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze the data. The significant bias that was found in this study suggests the need to rethink the use of student ratings when evaluating faculty performance.
Business Research In Eight Business Disciplines
Authors: Robinson Larry M. , Adler Roy D. 
Published: March 2016

This study recorded nearly 1.5 million citations to measure research productivity of the 4,918 full time faculty members with doctoral degrees at 51 leading US business schools. These schools had been included at least once in the 25 most recent ranking lists produced by three major business publications. This research included lifetime citation counts for each faculty member, and resulted in 1,497,162 citations that were recorded between March and June 2003. The citation counts were cumulated by academic discipline. The disciplines for which rankings were made were accounting, economics, finance, information systems, marketing management science, organizational behavior, and strategy. Ranked lists of the top 25 schools in each disciple are included. The paper contains a review of the literature on citation analysis, and suggests how citation analysis might be used as an assessment tool by business school administrators, professors, students, and corporate managers.
Skillful Coaching: New Directions In Teaching Health Assessment
Authors: Zurmehly Joyce , Lynd Mary , Leadingham Camille 
Published: March 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine differences in nursing student’s assessment skills before and after the implementation of a cognitive apprenticeship didactic approach including think-aloud and critical dialogue. In the nursing care of clients, a through and accurate holistic health assessment is essential. The content of the assessment task is taught in all nursing programs. Students must be competent not only in performing the examination but also in evaluating the information obtained and integrating it with the health history and lab findings. This extensive criteria makes assessment a challenging skill to master. Problems arise when students in nursing attempt to apply the theoretical assessment approaches to the clinical setting with real clients. Consequently, student’s performance outcomes are often unsatisfactory, as the teaching format usually focuses on the students’ acquisition of domain knowledge and psychomotor skills rather than on shaping the thinking processes involved. Students’ common problems with physical assessment shows that they struggle to manipulate the abstract positions involved.
Inquiry-Guided Learning In A Management Of Technology Environment
Authors: Hergeth Helmut H. , Smith Gary W. 
Published: March 2016

Inquiry-guided learning is a teaching technique that encourages active participation of students and, in addition to better retention, such learning is credited with promoting critical thinking, sourcing information, organizing information, promoting self learning and enhancing the life-long learning experience. In applied degree programs where technology and management courses run parallel, different tools must be used to involve students and tie in real life scenarios to prepare students for opportunities in industry, government, and society. This paper describes how data is sourced, prioritized, organized, and presented in priority and audit tables. It also demonstrates simulation board games as teaching tools in textile management and technology curricula. A simulation board game is used to practice decision making tools and skills in a team environment. Audit tables are used to detect and correct potential sources of quality problems.