bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective targeting of M‐type potassium Kv7.4 channels demonstrates their key role in the regulation of dopaminergic neuronal excitability and depression‐like behaviour
Authors: Li Li , Sun Hui , Ding Jie , Niu Chenxu , Su Min , Zhang Ludi , Li Yingmin , Wang Chuan , Gamper Nikita , Du Xiaona , Zhang Hailin 
Published: September 2017

Background and PurposeThe mesolimbic dopamine system originating in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) is involved in the development of depression, and firing patterns of VTA dopaminergic neurons are key determinants in this process. Here, we describe a crucial role for the M‐type Kv7.4 channels in modulating excitability of VTA dopaminergic neurons and in the development of depressive behaviour in mice.Experimental ApproachWe used Kv7.4 channel knockout mice and a social defeat model of depression in combination with electrophysiological techniques (patch clamp recording and in vivo single‐unit recordings), immunohistochemistry, single‐cell PCR and behavioural analyses (social interaction time and glucose preference tests) to investigate VTA circuits involved in the development of depression‐like behaviour.Key ResultsAmong the Kv7 channels, Kv7.4 channels are selectively expressed in dopaminergic neurons of the VTA. Using a newly identified selective Kv7.4 channel activator, fasudil, and Kv7.4 channel knockout mice, we demonstrate that these channels are a dominant modulator of excitability of VTA dopaminergic neurons, in vitro and in vivo. Down‐regulation of Kv7.4 channels could be a causal factor of the altered excitability of VTA dopaminergic neurons and depression‐like behaviour. The selective Kv7.4 channel activator, fasudil, strongly alleviated depression‐like behaviour in the social defeat mouse model of depression.Conclusion and ImplicationsBecause expression of Kv7.4 channels in the CNS is limited, selectively targeting this M channel subunit is likely to produce less on‐target side effects than non‐selective M channel modulators. Thus, Kv7.4 channels may offer alternative targets in treatment of depression.
A retro‐prospective effectiveness study on 3448 implant operations at one referral clinic: A multifactorial analysis. Part I: Clinical factors associated to early implant failures
Authors: Jemt Torsten 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundLimited numbers of large effectiveness studies on routine dental implant treatment are available in the literature.PurposeTo report retro‐prospective data on prevalence of early implant failures in a large number of routine patients/operations at 1 referral clinic.Materials and methodsA total of 2848 patients were consecutively provided with 9582 implants with an anodized surface (Nobel Biocare AB) during 3448 implant operations between 2003 and 2011. All patients were invited to a follow‐up program and early implant failures up to first annual examination were consecutively identified. A logistic multivariate data analysis was performed to identify possible factors with an association to early implant failures.ResultsA total of 43, 73, and 81 implant operations were denoted as early failures depending on when cut‐off time was defined, using: abutment connection, prosthesis placement, or at first year of follow‐up, respectively. Five factors showed significant association to “early implant failures,” where the highest risk for a failure was associated to “surgeon” (hazard ratio [HR] 5.13), followed by “not prosthetic treatment at the referral clinic” (HR 2.71). When all 5 significant factors were present, the risk for an early failure after an operation was 7.0%, and the risk decreased to 0.1% when none/lowest risk factors were present.ConclusionsThe role of the surgeons/dentists involved in the rehabilitation of the implant patients and numbers of placed implants (degree of tooth loss) showed the strongest associations to early implant failures in the present clinic. Also increased bone resorption was associated to increased risk for implant failure.
Are sound abatement measures necessary in the cytology reading room? A study of auditory distraction
Authors: Evered A. , Watt A. , Perham N. 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveListening to music and other auditory material during microscopy work is common practice among cytologists. While many cytologists would claim several benefits of such activity, research in other fields suggests that it might adversely affect diagnostic performance. Using a cross‐modal distraction paradigm, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of auditory stimulation on the visual interpretation of cell images.MethodsFollowing initial training, 34 participants undertook cell interpretation tests under four auditory conditions (liked music, disliked music, speech and silence) in a counterbalanced repeated‐measures study. Error rate, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, criterion and response time were measured for each condition.ResultsThere was no significant effect of auditory stimulation on the accuracy or speed with which cell images were interpreted, mirroring the results of a previous visual distraction study.ConclusionTo the extent that the experiment reflects clinical practice, listening to music or other forms of auditory material whilst undertaking microscopy duties is unlikely to be a source of distraction in the cytopathology reading room. From a cognitive perspective, the results are consistent with the notion that high focal‐task engagement may have blocked any attentional capture the sound may otherwise have produced.
Perceived stigma and social support in treatment for pharmaceutical opioid dependence
Authors: Cooper Sasha , Campbell Gabrielle , Larance Briony , Murnion Bridin , Nielsen Suzanne 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIntroduction and AimsThe dramatic increase in pharmaceutical opioid (PO) use in high‐income countries is a growing public health concern. Stigma and social support are important as they may influence treatment uptake and outcomes, yet few studies exist regarding perceived stigma and social support among people with PO dependence. The aims of the study are to: (i) compare characteristics of those with PO dependence from iatrogenic and non‐iatrogenic causes; (ii) document perceived stigma and its correlates in people in treatment for PO dependence; and (iii) examine correlates of social support in people in treatment for PO dependence.Design and MethodsThis prospective cohort study included (n = 108) PO‐dependent people referred from treatment services. Telephone interviews were conducted at baseline, 3, 12 and 24 months. Multivariate linear regression was used to examine correlations.ResultsMean age was 41 (SD = 10.5). Half (n = 56, 52%) were female. Two in five met the criteria for iatrogenic dependence (n = 41, 38%), with iatrogenic dependence associated with chronic pain, and no history of injection or heroin use. One quarter of study subjects reported past month unsanctioned opioid use (n = 25, 23%). Being married/de facto or female was associated with higher levels of perceived stigma. Unsanctioned opioid use, iatrogenic dependence and mental health conditions were associated with lower social support.Discussion and ConclusionsStigma affects all people in treatment. Those who are married/de facto and female may benefit from interventions to address stigma. The association of low social support with poorer mental health and ongoing substance use indicate that treatment could focus more on this area.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection in the West: Current status and future directions
Authors: Ma Michael X. , Bourke Michael J. 
Published: September 2017

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was first conceptually described almost 30 years ago in Japan and is now widely practiced throughout East Asia. ESD expands the boundaries of endoscopic resection (ER) by allowing en bloc resection of large early neoplastic lesions within the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). This offers advantages over other ER techniques by facilitating definitive histological staging and curative treatment of early cancer in selected cases. Indeed, the experience of ESD in Eastern countries is significant, and excellent outcomes from high‐volume centers are reported. The potential benefits of ESD are recognized by Western endoscopists, but its adoption has been limited. A number of factors contribute to this, including epidemiological differences in GIT neoplasia between Western and Eastern populations and limitations in training opportunities. In this review, we discuss the role of ESD, its current status and the future in Western endoscopic practice.
Estimated glucose disposal rate predicts mortality in adults with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Nyström Thomas , Holzmann Martin J. , Eliasson Björn , Svensson Ann‐Marie , Sartipy Ulrik 
Published: September 2017

AimsThis study aimed to investigate the association between insulin resistance as determined by the estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR), and survival in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in Sweden.Material and MethodsUsing the Swedish National Diabetes Register, indviduals with T1D were included from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2012. Outcomes were retrieved from National healthcare registers. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for the associations between eGDR (mg/kg/min) categorized into <4, 4 to 5.99, 6 to 7.99, and ≥8 (reference) and outcomes. Relative survival methods were used to compare survival to a matched Swedish reference population.ResultsAmong 17 050 included individuals with T1D, 10.5%, 20.2%, 20.5% and 48.9% had an eGDR of <4, 4 to 5.99, 6 to 7.99, and ≥8, respectively. Individuals with an eGDR <8 were older and had more comorbidities. During a median follow‐up of 7.1 years, there were 946 (6%) deaths; 264 (15%), 367 (11%), 195 (6%) and 120 (1%) deaths occurred in individuals with an eGDR of <4, 4 to 5.99, 6 to 7.99 and ≥8, respectively. After adjustment for a wealth of different covariates including diabetes duration, age, sex and renal function, individuals with an eGDR <4, 4 to 5.99, and 6 to 7.99 had an increased risk of death compared to those with an eGDR ≥8 (adjusted HRs, 95% CIs, P values: 2.78, 2.04 to 3.77, <.001; 1.92, 1.49 to 2.46, <.001; 1.73, 1.34 to 2.21, <.001). Survival in individuals with an eGDR ≥8 was equal to a matched general population.ConclusionsThere is a strong association between eGDR and all‐cause mortality, as well as cardiovascular mortality, in individuals with T1D. Our findings may guide preventive measures by improving risk assessment in individuals with T1D.
Immunodepletion of α‐plurivorin effector leads to loss of virulence of Phytophthora plurivora towards Fagus sylvatica
Authors: Dalio R. J. D. , Fleischmann F. , Chambery A. , Eichmann R. , Massola N. S. , Pascholati S. F. , Osswald W. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryPhytophthora species secrete several proteins during their interaction with plants. Some of these proteins manipulate host metabolism favouring infection, while others can be recognized by plants thus triggering defence. Elicitins are known to elicit plant defences, leading to resistance. Here, we characterized the elicitin α‐plurivorin and proved that it was essential for the virulence of Phytophthora plurivora towards Fagus sylvatica. The immunodepletion of this peptide impaired its penetration into host tissue and in parallel P. plurivora lost its ability to colonize beech roots. Furthermore, the lack of α‐plurivorin inside the host led to an up‐regulation of several defence‐related genes of both salicylic acid and jasmonate/ethylene pathways, suggesting that α‐plurivorin might act as an effector‐triggered susceptibility during infection. Consequently, plants survived infection with P. plurivora after α‐plurivorin immunodepletion, whereas the majority of the infected control plants had died at the end of the experiment. Because canonical elicitins are ubiquitously secreted by many Phytophthora species, it is possible that these molecules may play a similar role in other susceptible interactions, being a potential target for controlling Phytophthora diseases.
Successful collection of peripheral blood stem cells upon VIDE chemomobilization in sarcoma patients
Authors: Kriegsmann Katharina , Heilig Christoph , Cremer Martin , Novotny Philipp , Kriegsmann Mark , Bruckner Thomas , Müller‐Tidow Carsten , Egerer Gerlinde , Wuchter Patrick 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectivesIn patients with Ewing sarcoma and some distinct subgroups of soft tissue sarcoma (STS), a quantitatively sufficient autologous peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) collection for stem cell support might facilitate treatment continuation, dose‐intensification, and high‐dose chemotherapy. Here, we provide a detailed evaluation of PBSC collection upon vincristine, ifosfamide, doxorubicin, and etoposide (VIDE) chemomobilization.MethodsMobilization and collection parameters of 42 sarcoma patients (Ewing sarcoma n = 35, other STS n = 7) were analyzed retrospectively. Data were evaluated with regard to the number of previous VIDE therapy cycles.ResultsAll patients reached the collection goal of ≥2.0 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg body weight (bw) upon VIDE/G‐CSF mobilization, in the majority of cases with one single leukapheresis (LP) session (n = 29, 69%). No significant differences were identified with regard to mobilization and collection variables or the number of previous induction VIDE therapy cycles. However, upon 5 cycles of VIDE, we found the highest relative proportion of patients who required two or three LP sessions.ConclusionsOur data demonstrate the feasibility of successful PBSC collection upon VIDE chemomobilization even after up to five cycles of induction therapy, while at the same time the increasing risk of bone marrow exhaustion with every consecutive cycle is outlined.
Post‐transplant consolidation plus lenalidomide maintenance vs lenalidomide maintenance alone in multiple myeloma: A systematic review
Authors: Al‐Ani Fatimah , Louzada Martha 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundIn newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM), autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) remains the standard approach for transplant‐eligible patients. To control the inevitable relapse, post‐transplant consolidation/maintenance strategies are commonly used. However, the benefit of post‐transplant consolidation is still uncertainMethodWe conducted a systematic review of phase II/III studies to compare the efficacy of post‐ASCT consolidation plus lenalidomide maintenance (CON+LEN) vs lenalidomide maintenance alone (LEN alone) in NDMM. A meta‐analysis using fixed and random effects models was performed.ResultsFourteen studies were included with 2275 participants with NDMM treated with ASCT and lenalidomide maintenance. Two groups were identified: CON+LEN group (n = 1102) and LEN alone group (n = 1173). There was no statistically significant difference in the complete response rate between the two groups [RR = 1.1; 95% CI: 0.83‐1.44; P = .490]. Interestingly, we found that very good partial response or better rate is around 1.5‐fold significantly higher in the CON+LEN group compared to LEN alone group [RR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.25‐1.70; P < .0001]. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding PFS [RR: 1.0; 95% CI: 0.92‐1.08, P = .929] and OS [RR: 0.9; 95% CI: 0.92‐1.01; P = .148] at 3‐4 years follow‐up. The risk of secondary primary malignancy (SPM) was also similar between the two groups (RR: 1.2; 95% CI: 0.84‐1.92; P = .2). Data on adverse events were limited.ConclusionOur data suggest that, in NDMM patients treated with upfront ASCT, post‐transplant consolidation may improve depth of response, but does not add to OS or PFS, compared to lenalidomide maintenance alone. However, data in this context are still immature.
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance as viewed by haematology healthcare professionals
Authors: McShane Charlene M. , Murphy Blain , Lim Kah Heng , Anderson Lesley A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the words and descriptions used by haematology healthcare professionals (HCPs) to describe monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) to their patients.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey of haematology HCPs attending an annual haematology conference was undertaken. Content analysis was applied to the returned qualitative responses.ResultsIn total, 55 people, many of whom were doctors (n = 32; 58.2%), responded. The majority of respondents reported using simple terminology such as “abnormal protein” to describe MGUS to their patients. Some reported using analogies that the patient was more likely to be familiar with, such as comparing a paraprotein to the finding of a mole or lump. Education level, age and cognitive ability were cited as important factors in deciding how and whether information was relayed to patients. Many respondents supported frequent follow‐up and the transfer of low‐risk MGUS patients to primary care. However, several highlighted a lack of awareness and understanding of MGUS outside of haematology, particularly within primary care. Only 41.8% of respondents reported providing all of their patients with an information leaflet.ConclusionsWith an ageing population, it is important to consider management strategies for MGUS patients. Our findings will assist those in making these arrangements.
A systematic literature search to identify performance measure outcomes used in clinical studies of racehorses
Authors: Wylie C. E. , Newton J. R. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryBackgroundRacing performance is often used as a measurable outcome variable in research studies investigating clinical diagnoses or interventions. However, the use of many different performance measures largely precludes conduct of meaningful comparative studies and, to date, those being used have not been collated.ObjectivesTo systematically review the veterinary scientific literature for the use of racing performance as a measurable outcome variable in clinical studies of racehorses, collate and identify those most popular, and identify their advantages and disadvantages.Study designSystematic literature search.MethodsThe search criteria “((racingANDperformance)AND(horsesORequidae))” were adapted for bothMEDLINEandCABAbstracts databases. Data were collected in standardised recording forms for binary, categorical and quantitative measures, and the use of performance indices.ResultsIn total, 217 studies that described racing performance were identified, contributing 117 different performance measures. No one performance measure was used in all studies, despite 90.3% using more than one variable. Data regarding race starts and earnings were used most commonly, with 88.0% and 54.4% of studies including at least one measure of starts and earnings, respectively. Seventeen variables were used 10 times or more, with the top five comprising: ‘return to racing’, ‘number of starts’, ‘days to first start’, ‘earnings per period of time’ and ‘earnings per start’.Main limitationsThe search strategies may not have identified all relevant papers, introducing bias to the review.ConclusionsPerformance indices have been developed to improve assessment of interventions; however, they are not widely adopted in the scientific literature. Use of the two most commonly identified measures, whether the horse returned to racing and number of starts over a defined period of time, would best facilitate future systematic reviews and meta‐analyses in advance of the development of a gold‐standard measure of race performance outcome.
Urban struggles with financialization
Authors: Fields Desiree 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe 2008 financial crisis and its impacts on the urban landscape contributed to a proliferation of research on the financialization of urban space, particularly of housing. Today, financialization is a mainstream focus of study within geography. But while scholars have responded to earlier calls to center space and place in their research, it has only been quite recently that geographers have taken up efforts to politicize and contest the financialization of urban space. This essay assesses the emerging body of literature on urban struggles with financialization. It first draws on historical materialist perspectives to situate financialization within urban contexts, showing why there is a particular relationship between this process and urban space, and how moments of crisis reveal tensions in this relationship. Reviewing literature focused on places exposed to the most systemic housing–financial crises in 2008, the essay then explores how residents, activists, and movements have grappled with financialization. It argues that a key aspect of such struggles is the ability to make their presence felt within chains of financial intermediaries or the corporate headquarters of foreign investors. The essay also highlights how moments of crisis open space for more radical tactics that disrupt the dominant production of space and emphasize the social value of housing. It suggests ways to fruitfully expand geographic inquiry into urban struggles with financialization through focusing on the formation of political subjectivities and engaging geographies beyond the global north.
YOU ARE WHAT YOU WILL: KANT, SCHOPENHAUER, FACIAL EXPRESSION OF EMOTION, AND AFFECTIVE COMPUTING1
Authors: Smith John 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTRecent developments in the cognitive sciences have advanced the techniques of reading emotions on the human face. Paul Ekman has formalised the study of ‘micro‐expressions’, universal ways in which emotions are embedded and expressed in the human face, and the field of ‘affective computing’ has employed software to allow facial expressions of emotion to be read and evaluated by digital technology. Such developments raise fundamental philosophical issues concerning the relationship between external physical signs on the body and internal, otherwise invisible characteristics of human nature. While this relationship lies at the heart of the centuries‐old field of physiognomy in general, this essay explores discussions of it by Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) and Arthur Schopenhauer (1788–1860).
Atomic structure and dissolution properties of yttrium‐containing phosphate glasses
Authors: Fu Yidong , Christie Jamieson K. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe have conducted classical molecular dynamics simulations of three compositions of yttrium‐containing phosphate glasses, to study the atomic structure around yttrium, and understand how yttrium incorporation will affect the glass dissolution rate. The Y‐O bond length is about 2.2 Å and the coordination number is 6.3. To avoid effects due to different network connectivities, our compositions were chosen to keep the Qn distribution and network connectivity roughly constant, which was confirmed through direct calculation. For these compositions, the structure of the phosphate network is comprised of finite‐length chains of PO4 tetrahedra bound to the network modifiers. We showed that yttrium bonds to 4.2‐4.3 of these chains, compared to 3.8 for calcium, and 3.1‐3.2 for sodium. This implies that yttrium will bond more parts of the glass to the same place, and therefore, that yttrium incorporation will strengthen phosphate glass against dissolution, making it potentially suitable for radiotherapy applications where a durable glass is required.