bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Equilibrium diamond‐like carbon nanostructures with cubic anisotropy: Elastic properties
Authors: Lisovenko D. S. , Baimova J. A. , Rysaeva L. Kh. , Gorodtsov V. A. , Rudskoy A. I. , Dmitriev S. V. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDiamond‐like carbon nanostructures with cubic anisotropy made by joining fullerene‐like molecules of different types via valence bonds are studied by means of molecular dynamics simulations. The considered structures are interesting because they include both‐ and‐hybridized carbon atoms, which lead to their distinct properties compared to the structures with one type of hybridization. Seven diamond‐like carbon phases having different shapes of structural units and/or different ways of their connection are studied in the present work. For the relaxed equilibrium structures, the engineering elastic constants (Poisson's ratio, Young's modulus, and shear modulus) are calculated as the functions of the crystal orientation angles. Extreme values of the elastic constants are reported. It is shown that two of the considered diamond‐like structures have negative Poisson's ratio and can be regarded as the partial auxetics. According to the results of the present study, elastic properties of the bulk diamond‐like carbon structures can vary considerably depending on their structure.Diamond‐like carbon nanostructures
Tailoring Poisson's ratio by introducing auxetic layers
Authors: Bilski Mikołaj , Wojciechowski Krzysztof W. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMonte Carlo simulations in the isobaric–isothermal ensemble with variable shape of the periodic box are used to study elastic properties of two‐dimensional (2D) model systems of hard discs with parallel layers of hard cyclic hexamers. Both the particles in their pure phases form elastically isotropic crystals. However, the crystal of discs shows positive and that of hexamers – negative Poisson's ratio (PR). The studied systems with layers are of low symmetry. Hence, a general analytic formula for the orientational dependence of PR in 2D systems is applied to such systems. It is shown that, by changing parameters of the particles and their relative concentration, as well as orientation of the layers, one can obtain systems which are non‐auxetic (their PR is positive), auxetic (their PR is negative), or partially auxetic ones (their PR is negative for some directions and positive for other ones). If the disks and hexamers are interpreted as small molecules, the obtained results indicate that by introducing auxetic nano‐layers one can strongly modify PR of crystals or even thin layers.The periodic box withparticles can be thought of as a model of a thin layer or as a model crystalline structure with parallel horizontal layers built of four hard cyclic hexamer rows in the hard disc system.
Living life forward: Technology, time, and society in a Sri Lankan potter community
Authors: Winslow Deborah 
Published: June 2016

AbstractClassically, anthropologists and archaeologists characterized socioeconomic systems by their technologies and the relations of production they engaged. We used labels like “forager” and “horticulturalist,” believing them to be accompanied by suites of sociocultural features that comprised systems in equilibrium until disturbed exogenously. But when we closely examine actual technologies in use, we find that change and variability, not stasis and homogeneity, are the norm. People adopt, adapt, innovate, and improvise their technological, social, and cultural practices in a process that is both ongoing and recursive. In this article, I use this perspective and a longitudinal case study to rethink technology's social embeddedness, drawing on the concept of technology assemblage as developed by complexity theorist W. Brian Arthur. The case study is of a rural Sri Lankan potter community where I have conducted research since 1974. The potters' story supports Arthur's contention that technological innovation is not a one‐off event but rather an ongoing process of accumulative and recursive problem solving. With detailed, longitudinal, and ethnographic data, we can trace innovation cascades over time and see how new forms of self and community emerge, all of which limits and enables, but does not predetermine, what emerges next.
Asymmetrical indications: Negotiating creativity through Geographical Indications in north India
Authors: DeNicola Alicia Ory 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMuch of the anthropology of copyright and other forms of intellectual property (IP) rights focuses on indigenous rights and protection from Western corporate interests. Geographical Indications (GI) are a relatively new form of IP that, arguably, seek to address the issue of indigenous rights and traditional knowledges. Little, however, has been written about the complex ways that international law mediates local understandings of creativity and labor through GIs. I argue that in Bagru, GI status has the potential to reverse a trend whereby the “creativity” of textile production has increasingly been claimed by urban designers. Returning this creative aspect to the traditional printers, however, means that designers have little motivation of their own to mediate between village printers and global markets. Without addressing this link, GI status may have unintended economic consequences for printers.
Design, Synthesis, and Functionalization of Imidazoheterocycles
Authors: Bagdi Avik Kumar , Hajra Alakananda 
Published: June 2016

AbstractOver the years, various strategies have been reported for the synthesis of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines due to their importance in different fields. In this account, we represent the methods developed by our group for the synthesis and functionalization of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines. Different synthetic strategies have been developed using easily accessible reactants for this purpose. We envisage that these newly developed protocols will be very useful for the synthesis of functionalized molecules bearing imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine scaffolds. These strategies will also be attractive for the construction of other pharmaceutically important heterocycles.
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Effectiveness of vesicoamniotic shunt in fetuses with congenital lower urinary tract obstruction: an updated systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Nassr A. A. , Shazly S. A. M. , Abdelmagied A. M. , Araujo Júnior E. , Tonni G. , Kilby M. D. , Ruano R. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the effect on perinatal and postnatal survival of vesicoamniotic shunt (VAS) as treatment for fetal lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO).MethodsAn electronic search of Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, Ovid Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Scopus using relevant search terms was conducted from inception to June 2015 to identify studies comparing outcomes of VAS vs conservative management for treatment of LUTO. Cohort studies and clinical trials were considered eligible. Single‐arm studies and studies that did not report survival were excluded. Sample size and language were not criteria for exclusion. Two reviewers extracted independently data in a standardized form, including study characteristics and results. Primary outcomes were perinatal and postnatal survival. Secondary outcome was postnatal renal function. Data on fetal survival were expressed as odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI.ResultsOf the 423 abstracts retrieved, nine studies were eligible for inclusion. These studies included 112 fetuses treated with VAS and 134 that were managed conservatively. There was heterogeneity in study design. Although the data demonstrated a difference in effect estimates between the study arms in terms of perinatal survival (OR, 2.54 (95% CI, 1.14–5.67)), there was no difference in 6–12‐month survival (OR, 1.77 (95% CI, 0.25–12.71)) or 2‐year survival (OR, 1.81 (95% CI, 0.09–38.03)). In addition, there was no difference in effect on postnatal renal function between fetuses that underwent intervention and those that did not (OR, 2.09 (95% CI, 0.74–5.94)).ConclusionsAvailable data seem to support an advantage for perinatal survival in fetuses treated with VAS compared with conservative management. However, 1–2‐year survival and outcome of renal function after VAS procedure remain uncertain. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of fetal intervention for LUTO based on different severity of the disease, due to the very low quality of the studies according to GRADE guidelines. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Human right to sanitation in the legal and non‐legal literature: the need for greater synergy
Authors: Obani Pedi , Gupta Joyeeta 
Published: June 2016

This review paper analyzes the legal and non‐legal literature on the human right to sanitation (HRS). It shows that despite applying different paradigms in framing the HRS, both literature support the following three main conclusions: (a) state and non‐state actors, particularly NGOs and private service providers, have potentially mutually supportive roles in the implementation of the human right to water and sanitation (HRWS); (b) the implementation is enmeshed in three potential conflicts—between the human rights approach and cost recovery, state provision of services and the implicit legitimization of informal settlements, and the empowerment of vocal rights holders rather than the marginalized rights holders for whom these rights are primarily meant; and (c) HRWS needs to be better linked to other fields and broader issues to ensure complementarities. The paper also highlights important lessons for both legal and non‐legal scholars to learn from each other's research and possibly forge strong multi‐ and interdisciplinary research themes. Non‐legal scholars can benefit from the legal literature's coverage of: (a) the normative content of the HRWS; (b) the theoretical justifications for HRWS; (c) the legal status of HRWS; (d) enforcement mechanisms; and (e) the accountability of duty bearers. Legal scholars can also benefit from the non‐legal literature's coverage of: (a) a broader scope for the HRWS and the indicators and monitoring systems used by non‐lawyers; (b) learning from the community‐led total sanitation (CLTS) experience; (c) the economic justifications for HRWS; (d) the need to link to appropriate technologies; and (e) the accountability of non‐state actors. WIREs Water 2016, 3:678–691. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1162This article is categorized under:

Human Water > Rights to Water
Engineering Water > Water, Health, and Sanitation
Sarcopenia/Muscle Mass is not a Prognostic Factor for Short‐ and Long‐Term Outcome After Esophagectomy for Cancer
Authors: Grotenhuis Brechtje A. , Shapiro Joël , van Adrichem Stefan , de Vries Marianne , Koek Marcel , Wijnhoven Bas P. L. , van Lanschot J. Jan B. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies have suggested that sarcopenia is a prognostic risk indicator of postoperative complications and predicts survival in cancer patients. The aim of this study is to investigate whether sarcopenia is associated with postoperative short‐term outcome (morbidity and mortality) and long‐term survival in patients undergoing esophagectomy for cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.MethodsAll patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by esophagectomy for cancer, and of whom an adequate CT scan was available, were included in the current study. The presence of sarcopenia was defined by CT imaging using cut‐off values of the total cross‐sectional muscle tissue measured transversely at the third lumbar level.ResultsA total number of 120 patients were eligible for analysis. Almost half of the patients (N = 54, 45 %) were classified as having sarcopenia; 24 sarcopenic patients (44 %) had overweight and 5 sarcopenic patients (9 %) were obese. Overall morbidity and mortality rate did not differ significantly between sarcopenic and non‐sarcopenic patients, nor did long‐term overall or disease‐free survival. Also sarcopenic obesity was not associated with worse outcome.ConclusionThe presence of sarcopenia was not associated with a negative short‐ and long‐term outcome in this selected group of esophageal cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by esophagectomy.
PCE dechlorination by non-Dehalococcoides in a microbial electrochemical system
Authors: Yu Jaecheul , Park Younghyun , Nguyen Van Khanh , Lee Taeho 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The bioremediation of tetrachloroethene (perchloroethene; PCE) contaminated sites generally requires a supply of some fermentable organic substrates as an electron donor. On the other hand, organic substrates can induce the massive growth of microorganisms around the injection wells, which can foul the contaminated subsurface environment. In this study, PCE dechlorination to ethene was performed in a microbial electrochemical system (MES) using the electrode (a cathode polarized at −500 mV vs. standard hydrogen electrode) as the electron donor. Denaturing gel gradient electrophoresis and pyrosequencing revealed a variety of non-Dehalococcoides bacteria dominant in MES, such as Acinetobacter sp. (25.7 % for AS1 in suspension of M3), Rhodopseudomonas sp. (10.5 % for AE1 and 10.1 % for AE2 in anodic biofilm of M3), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (22.4 % for BS1 in suspension of M4), and Enterobacter sp. (21.7 % for BE1 in anodic biofilm of M4) which are capable of electron transfer, hydrogen production and dechlorination. The Dehalococcoides group, however, was not detected in this system. Therefore, these results suggest that a range of bacterial species outside the Dehalococcoides can play an important role in the microbial electrochemical dechlorination process, which may lead to innovative bioremediation technology.
Low Dietary c9t11‐Conjugated Linoleic Acid Intake from Dairy Fat or Supplements Reduces Inflammation in Collagen‐Induced Arthritis
Authors: Huebner Shane M. , Olson Jake M. , Campbell James P. , Bishop Jeffrey W. , Crump Peter M. , Cook Mark E. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDietary cis‐9,trans‐11 (c9t11) conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) fed at 0.5 % w/w was previously shown to attenuate inflammation in the murine collagen‐induced (CA) arthritis model, and growing evidence implicates c9t11‐CLA as a major anti‐inflammatory component of dairy fat. To understand c9t11‐CLA's contribution to dairy fat's anti‐inflammatory action, the minimum amount of dietary c9t11‐CLA needed to reduce inflammation must be determined. This study had two objectives: (1) determine the minimum dietary anti‐inflammatory c9t11‐CLA intake level in the CA model, and (2) compare this to anti‐inflammatory effects of dairy fat (non‐enriched, naturally c9t11‐CLA‐enriched, or c9t11‐CLA‐supplemented). Mice received the following dietary fat treatments (w/w) post arthritis onset: corn oil (6 % CO), 0.125, 0.25, 0.375, and 0.5 % c9t11‐CLA, control butter (6 % CB), c9t11‐enriched butter (6 % EB), or c9t11‐CLA‐supplemented butter (6 % SB, containing 0.2 % c9t11‐CLA). Paw arthritic severity and pad swelling were scored and measured, respectively, over an 84‐day study period. All c9t11‐CLA and butter diets decreased the arthritic score (25–51 %, P < 0.01) and paw swelling (8–11 %, P < 0.01). Throughout the study, plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) was elevated in CO‐fed arthritic mice compared to non‐arthritic (NA) mice but was reduced in 0.5 % c9t11‐CLA‐ and EB‐fed mice. Interleukin‐1β and IL‐6 were increased in arthritic CO‐fed mice compared to NA mice but were reduced in 0.5 % c9t11‐CLA‐ and EB‐fed mice through day 42. In conclusion, 0.125 % c9t11‐CLA reduced clinical arthritis as effectively as higher doses, and decreased arthritis in CB‐fed mice suggested that the minimal anti‐inflammatory levels of c9t11‐CLA might be below 0.125 %.
Energiesystemtransformation – räumliche Politik und Stromnetzplanung
Authors: Fromme Jörg 
Published: June 2016

Energy politics tend to organize the balance between power production and power consumption at the international scale as good as possible, leaving the site selection for new power or storage plants to pan-European competition. As grid costs are paid for by consumers, such policy causes an increasing spatial concentration of power plants on most beneficial sites and a very extensive transmission grid expansion. In civil society in contrast, the intent of “energy transition” is often linked with aims of placing power production units close to consumption to regional balance divergence between power production and consumption patterns. Supporters expect a minor transmission grid expansion requirement from such a “decentralized energy transition”.
Against this background the article addresses the practice of grid planning in Germany as a focal point of the spatial energy policy. In this regard the role of transmission capacity planning is crucial. It is directly based on aims and measures of energy policy and thereby connects energy policy with transmission grid planning. The Federal Network Agency meanwhile has established sensitivity analysis as an instrument to check policy options with regard to their impacts on grid extension requirements. This instrument however could also be used to consider alternative paths in order to develop a systematic weighting regulation approach with integrated public participation based on well-grounded impact analysis.
Increased water use efficiency does not prevent growth decline of Pinus canariensis in a semi-arid treeline ecotone in Tenerife, Canary Islands (Spain)
Authors: Brito Patricia , Grams Thorsten E. E. , Matysssek Rainer , Jimenez Maria S. , Gonzalez-Rodríguez Agueda M. , Oberhuber Walter , Wieser Gerhard 
Published: June 2016

AbstractKey messageIntrinsic water use efficiency ofPinus canariensis(SweetexSpreng.) growing at a semi-arid treeline has increased during the past 37 years. Tree ring width by contrast has declined, likely caused by reduced stomatal conductance due to increasing aridity.ContextRising atmospheric CO2concentration (Ca) has been related to tree growth enhancement accompanied by increasing intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE). Nevertheless, the extent of risingCaon long-term changes in iWUE and growth has remained poorly understood to date in Mediterranean treeline ecosystems.AimsThis study aimed to examine radial growth and physiological responses ofP. canariensisin relation to risingCaand increasing aridity at treeline in Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.MethodsWe evaluated temporal changes in secondary growth (tree ring width; TRW) and tree ring stable C isotope signature for assessing iWUE from 1975 through 2011.ResultsPrecipitation was the main factor controlling secondary growth. Over the last 36 yearsP. canariensisshowed a decline in TRW at enhanced iWUE, likely caused by reduced stomatal conductance due to increasing aridity.ConclusionOur results indicate that increasing aridity has overridden the potential CO2fertilization on tree growth ofP. canariensisat its upper distribution limit.
Rehabilitation Interventions for Poststroke Hand Oedema: A Systematic Review
Authors: Giang Thuy Anh , Ong Alan Wei Guang , Krishnamurthy Karthikeyan , Fong Kenneth N.K. 
Published: June 2016

Objective/Background To review the evidence of rehabilitation interventions for the management of poststroke hand oedema. Methods We conducted a systematic review of research articles in electronic databases published in English between 1999 and 2015. Two investigators working independently retrieved articles from the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, SCOPUS, Taylor & Francis Online, Wiley Online Library, CINAHL, Springer (MetaPress), ScienceDirect, PubMed, SAGE Journals Online, EBSCO, and Web of Science. Only controlled trials with outcome measures and interventions for poststroke hand oedema were included. Three investigators critically appraised the selected studies using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database Scale. Results Of the 189 articles identified, nine (5 randomized controlled trials, 3 nonrandomized controlled trials, and 1 crossover controlled trial) were selected. These studies are heterogeneous in terms of design and types of intervention for poststroke hand oedema. The interventions reducing hand oedema are Lycra pressure garments with glove splints, bilateral passive motion upper-limb exercises, laser therapy, and acupressure. However, due to these studies’ short intervention periods and the fact that hand oedema is not their primary outcome measure, it is not possible to draw a firm conclusion on their clinical significance for managing poststroke hand oedema. Conclusion Further study needs to focus solely on interventions for poststroke hand oedema and their long-term effects. No conclusion can be made on the most effective management of poststroke hand oedema until much more evidence is available.
THE BERNSTEIN CENTER OF THE CATEGORY OF SMOOTH -MODULES
Authors: HELM DAVID 
Published: June 2016

We consider the category of smooth $W(k)[\text{GL}_{n}(F)]$-modules, where $F$ is a $p$-adic field and $k$ is an algebraically closed field of characteristic $\ell$ different from $p$. We describe a factorization of this category into blocks, and show that the center of each such block is a reduced, $\ell$-torsion free, finite type $W(k)$-algebra. Moreover, the $k$-points of the center of a such a block are in bijection with the possible ‘supercuspidal supports’ of the smooth $k[\text{GL}_{n}(F)]$-modules that lie in the block. Finally, we describe a large explicit subalgebra of the center of each block and give a description of the action of this algebra on the simple objects of the block, in terms of the description of the classical ‘characteristic zero’ Bernstein center of Bernstein and Deligne [Le ‘centre’ de Bernstein, in Representations des groups redutifs sur un corps local, Traveaux en cours (ed. P. Deligne) (Hermann, Paris), 1–32].
Frequency of Hand Decontamination of Intraoperative Providers and Reduction of Postoperative Healthcare-Associated Infections: A Randomized Clinical Trial of a Novel Hand Hygiene System
Authors: Koff Matthew D. , Brown Jeremiah R. , Marshall Emily J. , O’Malley A. James , Jensen Jens T. , Heard Stephen O. , Longtine Karen , O’Neill Melissa , Longtine Jaclyn , Houston Donna , Robison Cindy , Moulton Eric , Patel Hetal M. , Loftus Randy W. 
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUNDHealthcare provider hands are an important source of intraoperative bacterial transmission events associated with postoperative infection development.OBJECTIVETo explore the efficacy of a novel hand hygiene improvement system leveraging provider proximity and individual and group performance feedback in reducing 30-day postoperative healthcare-associated infections via increased provider hourly hand decontamination events.DESIGNRandomized, prospective study.SETTINGDartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center in New Hampshire and UMass Memorial Medical Center in Massachusetts.PATIENTSPatients undergoing surgery.METHODSOperating room environments were randomly assigned to usual intraoperative hand hygiene or to a personalized, body-worn hand hygiene system. Anesthesia and circulating nurse provider hourly hand decontamination events were continuously monitored and reported. All patients were followed prospectively for the development of 30-day postoperative healthcare-associated infections.RESULTSA total of 3,256 operating room environments and patients (1,620 control and 1,636 treatment) were enrolled. The mean (SD) provider hand decontamination event rate achieved was 4.3 (2.9) events per hour, an approximate 8-fold increase in hand decontamination events above that of conventional wall-mounted devices (0.57 events/hour); P<.001. Use of the hand hygiene system was not associated with a reduction in healthcare-associated infections (odds ratio, 1.07 [95% CI, 0.82–1.40], P=.626).CONCLUSIONSThe hand hygiene system evaluated in this study increased the frequency of hand decontamination events without reducing 30-day postoperative healthcare-associated infections. Future work is indicated to optimize the efficacy of this hand hygiene improvement strategy.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37:888–895