bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Older Age as Risk Factor for Deviation from Emmetropia in Pseudophakia
Authors: Nuzzi G. , Cantù C. , De Giovanni M.A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To find risk factors for deviation from emmetropia after cataract surgery in clinical practice. Methods We evaluated the refractive outcome in 106 patients who had underone phacoemulsification and in-the-bag IOL placement 115 ± 10 days after surgery. Postoperative optical correction and refractive error (diopters of spherical equivalent - ED) were related to age and sex, pre-operative axial length and keratometric diopter power, and operative incision technique. Results Emmetropia was achieved in 15% of cases; 65% of eyes needed a myopic correction, averaging =0.46±0.91 ED. The refractive error was 0.74 ± 0.61 ED (≤1 ED in 77% of cases, ≤ 2 ED in 97%). Both optical correction and refractive error were correlated to older age at the time of surgery (p=0.002 and p=0.001, respectively). Astigmatism appeared greater in clear-cornea incision than in limbar incision cases (p=0.05). Conclusions The higher refractive error in patients aged over 73 years suggests that age may be a risk factor for deviation from emmetropia after cataract surgery.
Color Doppler Imaging of Untreated and Irradiated Choroidal Melanomas
Authors: Regan S. , Egan K.M. , Hart L. , Gragoudas E.S. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose We examined untreated and irradiated choroidal melanomas with color Doppler imaging (CDI), a noninvasive method providing quantitative measures of blood flow, to determine if the tumor vessel damage associated with irradiation can be detected using this technology. Methods CDI was performed on 122 untreated and 76 previously irradiated tumors using a Q2000 color Doppler ultrasound unit. Spectral analysis was performed on all detectable vascular regions within the tumor to obtain estimates of the peak systolic and end diastolic flow velocities and resistive index ((syst-diast)/syst). Results Vessels were detected in 93% of the untreated tumors and in 63% of the treated tumors (p<0.001, X2), and the median number of vascular regions found was higher among untreated tumors (3 vs 1, p=0.001, Wilcoxon Rank Sum). The effect of treatment status on the detection of tumor vessels was significant (p=0.039), controlling for age, sex, largest tumor pretreatment diameter, and tumor height at CDI in a logistic regression model. Mean resistive index was lower in the untreated tumors (0.53 vs 0.58, p=0.0050), controlling for tumor height and other covariates in an analysis of variance. Conclusions On examination with CDI, irradiated tumors had fewer detectable vascular regions and greater resistance to flow than untreated tumors, a pattern consistent with known radiation effects.
Subretinal Fluid Ferning Test in Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment
Authors: Parodi M. Battaglia , Saviano S. , Panetta P. , Ravalico G. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose The ferning test involves a process of crystallization achieved simply by removing water and is feasible for all ocular fluids. The ferning test of subretinal fluid (SRF) from patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) reveals three different patterns: type 1 showing thin crystals, type 2 with larger crystals and type 3 with small, curvilinear structures with no tree-like appearance. The present study was designed to determine whether the SRF ferning test is correlated with the clinical features and the surgical outcome of RRD. Methods A series of 65 consecutive patients with RRD at the first onset were considered. Particular attention was paid to duration, extension, and surgical outcome of RRD. SRF samples were collected during scleral buckling surgery. The fluid was dropped onto the slide of a light microscope, left to dry, and examined under the microscope. Results There was a significant difference between SRF ferning types 1 and 2 as regards duration and extension (both p < 0.001). There was also a significant difference between SRF ferning types 2 and 3 as regards duration (p<0.001), extension (p<0.001), and surgical outcome (p<0.05). Conclusions The ferning test of SRF is quick and simple and can be regarded as a useful tool for obtaining information about clinical features, such as duration or extension of first onset in uncomplicated cases of RRD especially for purposes of forensic medicine.
Sympathetic Ophthalmia after Complicated Cataract Surgery and Intraocular Lens Implantation
Authors: Abu El-Asrar A.M. , Al-Obeidan S.A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report a case of sympathetic ophthalmia (SO) associated with cataract surgery and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Methods Case report. Results A 50-year-old man developed SO two months after complicated cataract surgery and IOL implantation. Adequate and prompt use of immunosuppressive medications and removal of the IOL by pars plana vitrectomy techniques resulted in control of the uveitis with significant visual improvement. Conclusions Sympathetic ophthalmia should be included as one of the devastating complications of IOL insertion. A high index of suspicion must be maintained whenever inflammation occurs in the fellow eye of an eye that has undergone intraocular surgery.
The Phenotype of Arg555 Trp Mutation in a Large Turkish Family with Corneal Granular Dystrophy
Authors: Kiratli H. , Irkeç M. , Özgül K. , Öğüş A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose A large Turkish family with 52 members, 26 of whom had Groenouw type 1 corneal granular dystrophy was evaluated by genetic linkage studies and mutation analyses. Phenotype-genotype correlations were also assessed. Methods DNA from peripheral blood lymphocytes of 22 family members was used in establishing linkage to chromosome 5q31. Single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis was done to detect mutations in exons 4 and 12 of the human transforming growth factor ß-induced gene located on chromosome 5q31. Automated sequencing was performed on exon 12 of an affected patient. Results Patients yonger than 15 years of age had typical linear, granular opacities whereas adults had coarser, deeper granular stromal deposits. These changes were not associated with recurrent erosions or significant visual disabilities. The family was linked to chromosome 5q31 and a DNA shift was observed on exon 12 of affected patients. CGG to TGG transition producing R555W mutation was found. Conclusions Segregation of Arg555Trp has been described as causing Groenouw type I corneal dystrophy of variable severity in patients of various ethnic backgrounds. In this large Turkish pedigree, the Arg555Trp mutation was associated with a mild phenotype that became clinically evident at five years of age but which remained asymptomatic in terms of corneal erosions.
Early Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Retinal Artery Occlusion
Authors: Beiran I. , Goldenberg I. , Adir Y. , Tamir A. , Shupak A. , Miller B. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To assess whether early hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) treatment has a beneficial effect on visual results after retinal artery occlusion (RAO). Methods A comparative retrospective study in which medical records of all HBO-treated RAO patients in our department were reviewed and compared with matched RAO patients not treated by HBO (from a different medical center). Mean visual acuity (VA) at completion of treatment, the presence or absence of improvement in VA between admission and discharge, and the mean change in VA between admission and discharge were noted. All patients treated by HBO had treatment no later than 8 hours after the beginning of visual symptoms. Results Mean VA at discharge was 0.2981 (6/20) in the treated group and 0.1308 (6/46) in the control group (p < 0.03). In the treated group, 82.9% had an improvement in VA between admission and discharge, compared with 29.7% of the control group (p < 0.00001). Mean improvement in VA was 0.1957 in the treated group and 0.0457 in the control group (p < 0.01). Differences in outcome measures between treatment and control groups were found to reflect the difference between treated and untreated hypertensive patients. No difference was found between treated and untreated non-hypertensive patients. Conclusions Early HBO therapy appears to have a beneficial effect on visual outcome in patients with RAO. Further large-scale prospective controlled studies are needed to confirm this.
Retinal vein Occlusion and Factor V Leiden and Prothrombin 20210 G:A Mutations
Authors: Aras S. , Yilmaz G. , Alpas Í. , Baltaci V. , Tayanç E. , Aydin P. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose The aim of this study was to establish whether the factor V Leiden mutation and the prothrombin 20210 G:A mutation were risk factors for retinal vein occlusion. Methods Blood samples were obtained from 40 patients with retinal vein occlusion and from 50 healthy normal volunteers as controls. Polymerase chain reaction assays were done to detect factor V Leiden and prothrombin 20210 G:A mutations, and the two groups were compared. Results Two (5%) of 40 patients with retinal vein occlusion and three (6%) of 50 controls were heterozygous for factor V Leiden (p=0.84). None of the individuals in either group had the prothrombin 20210 G:A mutation. Conclusions There was no significant association between retinal vein occlusion and the factor V Leiden mutation.
Diode Laser Transscleral Retinopexy in Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Surgery
Authors: Kapran Z. , Uyar O.M. , Bilgin B.A. , Kaya V. , Cilsim S. , Eltutar K. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the safety and efficacy of transscleral diode laser for retinopexy in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment surgery. Methods Conventional retinal detachment surgery with transscleral diode laser retinopexy was performed on 52 eyes of 52 patients (22 female, 30 male), aged from 12 to 74 years (mean 51 + 4.1). Results Of the 52 eyes 36 (69%) were reattached in a single operation and adequate chorioretinal scars were achieved in 34 of them. Additional transpupillary laser photocoagulation was performed in two cases in the postoperative period. Retinal re-attachment was achieved with exoplant revision and transscleral laser retinopexy in six cases (12%). Ten cases (19%) with severe PVR were reattached with vitreoretinal surgery. Conclusions Transscleral diode laser retinopexy was an effective and safe method, with accurate lesion location, concurrent permanent laser marks on the retina, and easy transmission through the extraocular muscles and solid buckling elements. Minor complications were minimized by gaining experience with the technique.
Lincoff Temporary Balloon Buckle in Retinal Detachment Surgery
Authors: Öge I. , Birinci H. , Havuz E. , Kaman A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To assess the long-term anatomical and functional results of balloon buckle surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Patients and Methods Twenty-five selected detachments with a single break or a group of breaks close together were treated with a temporary parabulbar balloon. Adhesion was obtained with transconjunctival cryopexy and argon laser photocoagulation. Retinal detachment was associated with the following risk factors: myopia (15 eyes), aphakia (2 eyes), blunt trauma (1 eye). Twenty-three eyes had a detached macula. The balloon was withdrawn after one week. The patients were kept under observation for at least six months (mean 44.7 months). Results Initial retinal attachment was achieved in 29 eyes. After the balloon was removed redetachment occurred in two eyes; thus, complete attachment was attained in 27 eyes. Causes of failure were: undetected break (2 eyes), inadequate buckle (4 eyes), proliferative vitreoretinopathy (2 eyes). Conventional scleral buckling and subretinal fluid drainage was done in all failed cases. Vitrectomy and silicone oil were employed in one patient, and finally retinal attachment was achieved in all patients. Conclusions Temporary balloon buckling is a simple and curative technique for a selected group of patients with retinal detachments.
Prevalence of Astigmatism among Students in Northern Greece
Authors: Mandalos A.T. , Peios D.K. , Mavracanas T.A. , Golias V.A. , Megalou K.G. , Delidou K.A. , Gregoriadou A.C. , Katsougiannopoulos B.C. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To assess the prevalence of astigmatism in a sample of 1738 students (15–18 years old) from Northern Greece. Methods Collection of the sample was based on a questionnaire method. Statistical analysis included estimation of the prevalence of astigmatism and the distribution of students according to their cylindrical values. We also checked whether heredity or sex affected the occurrence of astigmatism. Results The prevalence of astigmatism was 10.2%. It was mostly at low levels, up to 2 D cyl. Females ran a significantly higher risk of astigmatism than males, and heredity seemed to be an important predisposing factor for this refractive error. Conclusions There is considerable variability in the prevalence of astigmatism worldwide, as indicated by different studies. However, this refractive error prevails at low levels in the Greek student population, compared with other countries.
Factors Influencing Treatment Results in Pseudophakic Endophthalmitis
Authors: Koç F. , Şen E. , Demirbay P. , Taşkintuna I. , Teke M.Y. , Özdal P. , Ortaç S. , Öz Ö. , Tarkan F. , Firat E. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate risk factors, therapeutic approaches and factors associated with the poor visual outcome in pseudophakic endophthalmitis. Methods Data related to 28 cases with the diagnosis of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery and IOL implantation were gathered retrospectively. Results Preceding surgery was extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) in 18, phacoemulsification in 8 and scleral fixated intraocular lens implantation in two cases. Posterior capsule rupture and diabetes mellitus were considered to contribute to the development of endophthalmitis because of their high incidences (50% and 25%) in the study group. Microbiological studies from aqueous and vitreous humour were done in 85% of the cases and 58% were positive. S. Epidermidis was the most common organism, accounting for 50% of the isolates. All cases were given topical and systemic antibiotics. Inflammation was controlled by addition of subconjunctival antibiotics to this regimen in two, intravitreal antibiotic injection in 14, pars plana vitrectomy, total capsular and lens extraction and intravitreal antibiotic injection in three, lens exchange, intracapsular and intravitreal antibiotic injection in three cases. Six (21%) cases eventually needed evisceration. Visual acuity of 20/40 or better was achieved in 25%, and 20/100 or better in 64%. Conclusions Treatment delay (p=0.039), capsular rupture complicating cataract surgery, especially with extracapsular cataract extraction (p=0.015), and initial visual acuity worse than hand motion (p=0.003) were strong predictors of poor visual outcome. The risk of endophthalmitis was not different for planned ECCCE (0.26%) and phacoemulsification (0.27%) but the prognosis was better with the latter.
Glaucomatous Damage Patterns by Short-Wavelength Automated Perimetry (SWAP) in Glaucoma Suspects
Authors: Polo V. , Larrosa J.M. , Pinilla I. , Gonzalvo F. , Ferreras A. , Honrubia F.M. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To determine the glaucomatous visual field damage patterns by short-wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP) in glaucoma suspects, and to compare the frequency of diffuse visual field losses and localized defects. Methods 157 eyes of 157 ocular hypertensive subjects who met the selection criteria (intraocular pressure greater than 21 mm Hg and normal standard visual fields) were studied. SWAP was done with a modified Humphrey Field Analyzer. Total (TD) and Pattern Deviation (PD) probability maps were calculated for SWAP. The frequency of abnormlities in the TD and PD were determined, analyzing the visual field loss components. Results The involvement of the test points was more frequent on the TD plots than on the PD plots for all levels of defects (p< 0.001). The glaucomatous defects also showed certain topographical distribution. Conclusions A diffuse sensitivity component of visual field loss was found at all SWAP defect depths in glaucoma suspects.
Correlation of Blood-Glucose Control with Oxidative Metabolites in Plasma and Vitreous Body of Diabetic Patients
Authors: Augustin A.J. , Dick H.B. , Koch F. , Schmidt-Erfurth U. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose In diabetes hyperglycemia and other mechanisms lead to the production of oxidative metabolites that can enhance the production of growth factors, leading to increased proliferative activity. Strict blood-glucose control reduces the progression of retinopathy better than standard control. This study investigated patients with diabetic retinopathy for evidence of oxidative metabolites in plasma and the vitreous body, correlating these values with blood-glucose control. Methods The study comprised 136 patients suffering from proliferative diabetic retinopathy. They were grouped according to their mean glycosylated hemoglobin value for the last 9–12 months. Patients with values = 10% (mean 8.7%; n=64) were considered strict glucose control patients, those with values > 10% (mean 12.8%; n=72) were considered standard glucose control patients. Lipid peroxides were determined in blood plasma and the vitreous body by two methods (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and malondialdehyde-like substances). If present, retinal traction with fibrovascular proliferations (>2 disk areas) was quantified and served as an indicator of proliferative activity. Results Patients with strict blood-glucose control had significantly (p < 0.01) lower lipid peroxide values in plasma and the vitreous body than standard glucose control patients. These latter had significantly (p<0.01) higher rate of fibrovascular proliferation (50%) than strict glucose control patients (9.7%). DISCUSSION Strict blood-glucose control leads to reduced oxidative tissue damage both systemically and locally in the eye, and reduced proliferative activity. Oxidative metabolites can stimulate proliferation by increasing the amounts of different growth factors an cytokines such as vascular endothelial growth factor. Thus, it can be speculated that in hyperglycemia the relative increase of oxidative metabolites contributes both to damage of retinal vessels and to more pronounced proliferative activity in diabetic retinopathy.
Original Three-Point Fixation Technique for Sutured Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lens
Authors: Beltrame G. , Driussi G.B. , Salvetat M.L. , Chizzolini M. , Scuderi B. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose and Methods In order to avoid the complications associated with posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) scleral fixation, the authors have developed an original surgical technique by which the IOL is secured at the ciliary sulcus by suturing the haptics to the sclera in three points (at the 3, 5 and 9 o'clock positions). This technique was utilized for secondary IOL implantation in 21 aphakic eyes. The mean follow-up was 18 months, range 6–28 months. Results All eyes that underwent secondary implants had equal or better visual acuity postoperatively; none developed serious intra- or postoperative complications. No tilt or decentration of the IOL was observed postoperatively. Discussion The technique described appeared easy to perform and produced good visual outcomes with stable transscleral fixation of the IOL.
Metastatic Cutaneous Melanoma to the Vitreous Cavity Masquerading as Intermediate Uveitis
Authors: Soheilian M. , Mirbabai F. , Shahsavari M. , Parvin M. , Manieei F. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report a patient with metastatic cutaneous melanoma (MCM) presenting as intermediate uveitis. Methods We examined a 49-year-old man with malignant cutaneous melanoma and central nervous system (CNS) metastasis who was initially treated for bilateral intermediate uveitis. Biomicroscopic examination disclosed a normal anterior segment and vitreous organization with red blood cells (RBC) and some non-pigmented cells in both eyes. Funduscopy disclosed a retinal metastasis in the right eye, but vitreous organization precluded visualization of the retina in the left eye. Results The first diagnostic vitrectomy was negative for malignant cells in the left eye. However, progressive worsening of the condition persuaded us to repeat vitrectomy in the left eye and to do it in the right eye too. Vitreous samples were positive for malignant melanoma cells in both eyes. Conclusions Metastatic cutaneous melanoma to the vitreous cavity is exceedingly rare and may masquerade as intermediate uveitis. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unusual uveitis and masquerade syndromes.
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion Associated with Ocular Behçet's Disease
Authors: Özdal P. Ç. , Ortaç S. , Taskintuna I. , Teke M.Y. , Firat E. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report a case of central retinal artery occlusion associated with ocular Behçet's disease (BD) and briefly discuss retinal vasculitis due to BD. Case Report A 52-year-old man, diagnosed as BD 22 years ago and followed up with ocular involvement for six years presented with sudden loss of vision. The clinical diagnosis was central retinal artery occlusion. Results No other associated systemic diseases were found and the case was classified as a complication of retinal vasculitis due to BD. Conclusions Although the arteries are rarely affected in retinal vasculitis due to BD, it has to be considered in the differential diagnosis of retinal arterial occlusions especially in countries where the disease is prevalent. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of ocular BD complicated with central retinal artery occlusion.
Topical Allopurinol or Corticosteroids and Acetylcysteine in the Early Treatment of Experimental Corneal Alkali Burns: A Pilot Study
Authors: Sekundo W. , Augustin A.J. , Strempel I. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To investigate the effect of topical allopurinol on experimental corneal burns and to compare this to established treatment modalities such as topical prednisolone and acetylcysteine. Methods Twenty Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups (n=5 each). The groups were controls (normal saline), allopurinol 0.4% eye drops, prednisolone acetate 1% eye drops and acetylcysteine 8% eyedrops. Corneal burn was induced using a 3 mm paper disc soaked in 1N NaOH for 60 seconds. Drops were instilled 6 times per day. In addition, one drop/day ofloxacine was given to prevent secondary infections. Eyes were enucleated 50 hours later and fixed in 4.5% formaldehyde. Three histological levels of each globe were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and examined by two independent masked investigators using a 0 to 4+ inflammatory score. All pair-wise multiple comparison procedures (Student-Newman-Keuls method) were applied for statistical work-up. Results All three substances significantly reduced the number of histologically visible inflammatory cells compared to the control group (p<0,05). Conclusions In the present study, topical allopurinol was as effective as established drugs, namely steroids and acetylcysteine, in the early treatment of experimental alkali corneal burns.