bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(II)‐Catalyzed Regioselective Carbenoid Insertion Reaction of Simple Indoles with N‐Sulfonyltriazoles: A Rapid Access to Tryptamine Vinylogues.
Authors: Huang Jiapian , Yang Yi , Chen Zhiyuan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe rhodium‐catalyzed nitrogen extrusion from triazoles gives reactive rhodium(II) aza‐vinylcarbenes, which react with indoles to form predominantly Z‐isomers of tryptamine vinylogues.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst‐Controlled Selectivity in C—S Bond Formation: Highly Efficient Synthesis of C2‐ and C3‐Sulfonylindoles.
Authors: Yang Yong , Li Wanmei , Xia Chengcai , Ying Beibei , Shen Chao , Zhang Pengfei 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe unprecedented regioselective reaction of indoles with sodium sulfinates in the presence of iodide or copper catalysts affords C3‐ or C2‐sulfonylindoles, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile and Efficient Access to Tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans Catalyzed by N,N‐Dimethylbenzylamine.
Authors: Kiyani Hamzeh , Sadat Jalali Mozhgan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTitle compounds are efficiently synthesized through a one‐pot, three‐component Knoevenagel—Michael—Thorpe—Ziegler cyclization sequence catalyzed by N,N‐dimethylbenzylamine.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and Facile Synthesis of 5‐(Thiophene‐2‐carbonyl)‐6‐(trifluoromethyl)‐tetrahydro‐pyrimidin‐2 (1H)‐one and 6‐(Thiophen‐2‐yl)‐4,5‐dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐one from Same Substrates under Different Conditions.
Authors: Liang‐Ce Rong , Zha Yunyun , Xia Sheng , Ji Linlin , Zhang Jing , Cai Peijun 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title compounds are prepared from benzaldehydes, trifluoro(thienyl)butanedione, and urea under different reaction conditions with high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Insecticidal Evaluation and [4 + 2] Aza‐Diels—Alder Synthesis of 3,7‐Diaryl‐6,7‐dihydro‐5H‐6‐substituted Thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidin‐5‐ones under Coupled Ultrasonic Irradiation and PTC.
Authors: Gupta Ragini , Sharma Deepti , Verma P. S. , Jain Anshu 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title compounds are prepared by [4+2] cycloaddition reaction of thiazole Schiff′s bases and in situ generated monosubstituted ketenes under phase transfer catalysis (PTC) conditions coupled with ultrasonication.
ChemInform Abstract: β‐Lactams as Formal Dipoles Through Amide‐Bond Activation.
Authors: Barbier Vincent , Marrot Jerome , Couty Francois , David Olivier R. P. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract1,3‐Oxazinanones are synthesized by reactions of β‐lactams with ethylglyoxylate using pyrrolidinopyridine as organocatalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Ring‐Expansion Reaction of Six‐Membered Sulfonylimines with Diazomethanes: An Approach Toward Seven‐Membered Enesulfonamides.
Authors: Xia An‐Jie , Kang Tai‐Ran , He Long , Chen Lian‐Mei , Li Wen‐Ting , Yang Jin‐Liang , Liu Quan‐Zhong 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDiazomethanes generated in situ from N‐tosylhydrazones react with six‐membered sulfonylimines to afford ring‐expansion products through a Tiffeneau—Demjanov rearrangement and intramolecular proton transfer tautomerization process.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Heterogeneous Catalyst for Phosphite Addition on Carbonyl Groups.
Authors: Santacroce Veronica , Paris Emanuele , Cauzzi Daniele , Maggi Raimondo , Maestri Giovanni 
Published: May 2016

Abstractα‐Hydroxy phosphonates are efficiently obtained by selective addition of phosphites to the carbonyl group of aldehydes and ketones using hydrotalcite MG70 as reusable and cheap heterogeneous catalyst under solvent‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Identification of Six New Lupane‐Type Triterpenoids from Acanthopanax koreanum Leaves and Their Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activities.
Authors: Dat Le Duc , Thao Nguyen Phuong , Luyen Bui Thi Thuy , Tai Bui Huu , Jeong Min Hee , Woo Mi Hee , Kim Young Ho 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSix new lupine‐type triterpenoids are isolated together with one new trihydroxylupane‐dioic acid derivative (III) and six already known compounds.
Multicomponent Strategy for the Preparation of Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]pyrimidine Derivatives under Catalyst‐Free and Microwave Irradiation Conditions
Authors: Xun Zhan , Feng Xian , Wang Jianjun , Shi Daqing , Huang Zhibin 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA simple and efficient one‐pot procedure has been developed for the construction of pyrrolo[1,2‐a]pyrimidines via the three‐component domino reaction of 5‐aminopyrazoles, acetylenedicarboxylates and malononitrile under catalyst‐free, microwave irradiation conditions. The key step in this transformation is the NN bond cleavage reaction of the 5‐aminopyrazole substrate, which has been reported in this context for the first time in this study. The advantages of this protocol include readily available starting materials, short reaction times and good regioselectivity.
Capecitabine and lapatinib for the first‐line treatment of metastatic/recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Weiss Jared M. , Bagley Stephen , Hwang Wei‐Ting , Bauml Joshua , Olson Juneko Grilley , Cohen Roger B. , Hayes David Neil , Langer Corey 
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUNDThe combination of cisplatin, 5‐fluorouracil, and cetuximab is a standard treatment for patients with recurrent/metastatic head and neck cancer, with a high rate of toxicity. Identifying less toxic, equally effective regimens is imperative. Therefore, in the current study, the authors investigated first‐line treatment with an all‐oral regimen of capecitabine and lapatinib.METHODSPatients were required to have incurable head and neck cancer of any primary site other than the nasopharynx, an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) of 0 to 2, and no prior exposure to capecitabine or lapatinib. Subjects were treated with capecitabine at a dose of 1000 mg/m2 twice daily and lapatinib at a dose of 1250 mg daily. Capecitabine was administered for 14 days of each 21‐day cycle for 4 cycles. Lapatinib was administered daily until disease progression. The primary outcome was overall survival.RESULTSA total of 44 subjects were accrued between November 13, 2009 and April 29, 2014. Approximately 38.6% of the sample had an ECOG PS of 0, 52.3% had an ECOG PS of 1, and 9.1% had an ECOG PS of 2. Approximately 81.8% were male and the median age of the patients was 62 years. Prior attempts at curative treatment with chemotherapy had been used in 68.2% of patients (platinum was used in 55.8%). There was no grade 5 toxicity noted (toxicity was graded according to National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [version 3.0]). The most common adverse events were diarrhea (18.2% of patients with grade 3) and rash (13.6% of patients with grade 3). The primary objective was met; the median overall survival was 10.7 months (90% confidence interval [90% CI], 8.7‐12.9 months). The overall response rate was 25% (90% CI, 15%‐38%). The median progression‐free survival was 4.2 months (90% CI, 3.6‐5.1 months). The results were not substantially different when subdivided by p16 status. Only 2 patients were positive for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 by immunohistochemistry.CONCLUSIONSThe current study met its primary objective of survival comparable to the combination of cisplatin, 5‐FU and cetuximab regimen, and the toxicity of this all‐oral regimen was tolerable. Cancer 2016;122:2350–2355. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Cloud incident handling and forensic‐by‐design: cloud storage as a case study
Authors: Ab Rahman Nurul Hidayah , Cahyani Niken Dwi Wahyu , Choo Kim‐Kwang Raymond 
Published: May 2016

SummaryInformation security incident handling strategies or models are important to ensure the security of organisations, particularly in cloud and big data environments. However, existing strategies or models may not adequate as cloud data are generally virtualised, geographically distributed and ephemeral, presenting both technical and jurisdictional challenges. We present an integrated cloud incident handling and forensic‐by‐design model. We then seek to validate the model using a set of controlled experiments on a cloud‐related incident. Three popular cloud storage applications were deployed namely, Dropbox, Google Drive, and OneDrive. This study demonstrates the utility of the model for organisational cloud users to undertake incident investigations (e.g. collect and analyse residual data from cloud storage applications). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards traffic minimization for data placement in online social networks
Authors: Zhou Jingya , Fan Jianxi , Wang Jin , Cheng Baolei , Jia Juncheng 
Published: May 2016

SummaryWith the increasing number of users and a huge scale of data, the service providers of Online Social Networks (OSNs) are facing the problem of how to place users' data to multiple servers. Key‐value stores solve the problem based on consistent hashing, and have become a defacto standard. However, random placement manner of hashing cannot preserve social locality, which leads to high intra‐data center traffic and unpredictable response time. Many existing works solve the problem by using graph partitioning algorithms. These works have two drawbacks: First, the social graph is constructed with ordinary pairwise graph that cannot fully reflect multi‐participant interactions often occurring in OSNs. Second, the underlying network topologies of data center have never been considered. This paper investigates the problem of traffic minimization for OSNs data storage. Motivated by maximally preserving both social locality and distance locality, we formulate the problem as two sub‐problems — hypergraph partitioning and partition‐to‐server mapping, and propose a two‐phase data placement (TDP) scheme. Specifically we present two algorithms to solve partition‐to‐server mapping over two widely used network topologies (i.e., tree and BCube). Evaluations with a large scale Facebook trace show that TDP significantly reduces intra‐data center traffic as well as load balancing across servers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A single‐bit continuous‐time delta‐sigma modulator using clock‐jitter and inter‐symbol‐interference suppression technique
Authors: Sabouhi Vahid , Aghdam Esmaeil Najafi , Saeedi Saeed 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThis paper presents a technique for mitigating two well‐known DAC non‐idealities in continuous‐time delta‐sigma modulators (CTDSMs), particularly in wide‐band and low over‐sampling‐ratio (OSR) cases. This technique employs a special digital‐to‐analog convertor (DAC) waveform, called modified return‐to‐zero (MRZ), to reduce the time uncertainty effect because of the jittered clock at the sampling time instances and eliminate the effect of inter‐symbol‐interference (ISI) which degrades the modulator performance, especially when non‐return‐to‐zero (NRZ) DAC waveform is chosen in the modulator design. A third‐order single‐bit CTDSM is designed based on the proposed technique and step‐by‐step design procedure at circuit and system levels, considering clock jitter and ISI, is explained. Circuit simulations in 180‐nm CMOS technology show that in the presence of circuit non‐idealities which generate jitter and asymmetrical rise and fall times in the DAC current pulse, signal‐to‐noise‐distortion‐ratio (SNDR) of the proposed modulator is higher than the conventional modulator with NRZ waveform by about 10 dB. In these simulations, clock jitter standard deviation is 0.3% of the sampling period (TS) and the difference between fall/rise times in the DAC current pulse is 4%TS. Simulated at 600‐MHz sampling frequency (fS) with an oversampling ratio (OSR) of 24, SNDR figure of merit (FOMSNDR) of the proposed modulator in 180‐nm CMOS is 300 fj/conversion. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Consistency of trematode infection prevalence in host populations across large spatial and temporal scales
Authors: Byers James E. , Holmes Zachary C. , Blakeslee April M. H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractParasites can impart heavy fitness costs on their hosts. Thus, understanding the spatial and temporal consistency in parasite pressure can elucidate the likeliness of parasites’ role as agents of directional selection, as well as revealing variable environmental factors associated with infection risk. We examined spatiotemporal variation in digenetic trematode infection in 18 populations of an intertidal host snail (Littorina littorea) over a 300 km range at an 11‐yr interval, more than double the generation time of the snail. Despite a complete turnover in the snail host population, the average change in infection prevalence among populations was <1% over the 11‐yr span, and all but three populations remained within 5 percentage points. This consistency of prevalence in each population over time suggests remarkable spatiotemporal constancy in parasite delivery vectors in this system, notably gulls that serve as definitive hosts for the parasites. Thus, despite gulls’ high mobility, their habitat usage patterns are ostensibly relatively fixed in space. Importantly, this spatiotemporal consistency also implies that sites where parasites are recruitment limited remain so over time, and likewise, that parasite hotspots stay hot.
The obesity‐related Adipokinetic hormone controls feeding and expression of neuropeptide regulators of Drosophila metabolism
Authors: Gáliková Martina , Klepsatel Peter , Xu Yanjun , Kühnlein Ronald P. 
Published: May 2016

Homeostasis of circulating and storage energy reserves in mammals is dependent on the antagonistically acting insulin and glucagon signaling. In the model organism Drosophila melanogaster, this function is executed by the insulin‐like peptides and the glucagon‐like Adipokinetic hormone (AKH). Loss of Drosophila AKH results in the adulthood‐specific onset of obesity coupled with hypoglycemia. However, apart from the role of AKH in the lipid mobilization, the physiological and endocrine underpinnings of the AKH deficiency‐triggered obesity are unknown. Here, we investigate the role of AKH in feeding and metabolic rate control, and address the interactions of this hormone with other endocrine regulators of fly metabolism. Via in vivo gain‐ and loss‐of‐function analyses, we show that despite its anti‐obesity effects, AKH is an orexigenic peptide. Moreover, AKH also affects expression of orexigenic factors CCHamide‐2 and neuropeptide F. In addition, AKH regulates metabolic genes like Corazonin, Limostatin, and Insulin‐like peptides (Ilps) 2, 3, 5, and 6. Altogether, our work shows that the Drosophila AKH is a central regulator of energy homeostasis; next to its well‐known role in the control of energy expenditure, this hormone controls also food intake, and expression of other endocrine regulators of fly metabolism.Practical applications: Basic research of the neuroendocrine regulation of metabolism in the fruit fly D. melanogaster has potential applications in both human medicine and insect pest control. The evolutionary conservation of the key metabolic pathways, together with the unprecedented choice of transgenic tools turned the fruit fly into a useful model to study human diseases, including obesity and diabetes. Based on the evolutionary conservation of AKH and glucagon functions, our investigations might provide useful hints regarding the physiological actions, and endocrine interactions of human glucagon, too. In addition, insect neuropeptides are emerging as important targets for the parasite and pest control; understanding of their regulatory networks has thus potential implications also in the development of novel insecticides.Adipokinetic hormone (AKH) is an insect analog of the human hormone glucagon. Our investigations of the roles of this hormone in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster have shown that this anti‐obesity factor is a central regulator of fly metabolism, and controls crucial processes such as feeding, metabolic rate, storage of energy reserves, and expression of regulatory genes from the neuropeptide hormone family, including the fly homologs of human insulin.
Fragmentation, Fusion, and Genetic Homogeneity in a Calcareous Sponge (Porifera, Calcarea)
Authors: Padua André , Leocorny Pedro , Custódio Márcio Reis , Klautau Michelle 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTSessile marine invertebrates living on hard substrata usually present strategies such as size variations, longer life spans, fragmentation and fusion to occupy and compete for space. Calcareous sponges are usually small and short‐lived, and some species are known to undergo frequent fragmentation and fusion events. However, whether fusion occurs only between genetically identical individuals remains unclear. We investigated the occurrence of chimaeras in the calcareous sponge Clathrina aurea by following the dynamics of fragmentation and fusion of 66 individuals in the field for up to 18 months and determined size variations and the life span of each individual. Microsatellites were used to determine whether fusion events occur among genetically different individuals. Growth and shrinkage of individuals were frequently observed, showing that size cannot be associated with age in C. aurea. The life span of the species ranged from 1 to 16 months (mean: 4.7 months). Short life spans and variable growth rates have been observed in other species of the class Calcarea. Fragmentation and fusion events were observed, but fusion events always occurred between genetically identical individuals, as has been suggested by graft experiments in adult Demospongiae and other Calcarea. These results suggest that at least C. aurea adults may have some mechanism to avoid chimaerism.
Land Cover Change and Woodland Degradation in a Charcoal Producing Semi‐Arid Area in Kenya
Authors: Kiruki Harun M. , van der Zanden Emma H. , Malek Žiga , Verburg Peter H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWoodlands in Kenya are undergoing land cover change and degradation leading to loss of livelihoods. Uncontrolled charcoal production, although a livelihood source for communities living in woodland areas of Kenya, leads to woodland degradation. We used Landsat imagery, field plot data and household interviews to describe land cover change and the role of charcoal production in woodland degradation. An unsupervised classification was used to determine land cover change from woodland to open/farmland, and five 16‐km transects were used to investigate the extent of charcoal production in the target woodlands. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted on 117 households to understand their perceptions on woodland cover change and the role of charcoal production. The overall accuracy of our classification was 86%. Woodland areas decreased by 24% between 1986 and 2014. The trend of woodland area change compared well between remote sensing and interview data. The density of kilns, a proxy for charcoal‐led woodland degradation, varied across the sample plots. Despite charcoal providing a livelihood for 66% of the households, the community felt that their environment, wealth and social relations have been affected by land cover changes caused by charcoal production. Based on these results, we recommend that appropriate measures aimed at improving the productivity of agriculture, adapting to climate change and reducing dependence on charcoal for sustenance should be encouraged to mitigate woodland cover loss and degradation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Soil and Nutrient Losses in a Flat Land‐Reclamation District of Central Italy
Authors: Silvestri Nicola , Pistocchi Chiara , Antichi Daniele 
Published: May 2016

AbstractErosion and nutrient losses represent two of the most important environmental impacts of agriculture. In a field experiment, we compared the impact and productivity of three continuous maize‐cropping systems—conventional, low input and environmentally protective—on two contrasting soils (peat and loam soil) within a flat land‐reclamation district of Central Italy. This area is characterized by intensive agriculture and the presence of a receiving eutrophic lake. Cumulative runoff, sediment, dissolved and particulate nutrient losses were discontinuously measured over 2 years by means of 2‐m2 runoff traps. The effect of cropping systems on erosion was influenced by soil type. Conventional showed the highest losses on the loam soil and low input on the peat soil, whereas environmentally protective ensured the best soil protection at both sites.Simple linear regressions were used to quantify the contribution of anthropogenic and non‐anthropogenic predictor variables. Runoff was not influenced by the rainfall (more than 75% of variability explained), and soil losses were significantly affected by type of cropping system (23–25% of variability explained). We estimated the magnitude of the erosion on an annual basis by multiple linear regression models. Soil losses were relatively low, remaining below 0·8 Mg ha−1 y−1 at both sites, while dissolved N losses ranged from 0·54 to 1·29 kg ha−1 y−1, and dissolved P losses ranged from 0·50 to 0·80 kg ha−1 y−1 at both sites. These results pointed to the presence of other sources and pathways of contamination in the lake eutrophication process. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Feeding Behavior of the Seastar Evasterias troschelii Stimpson
Authors: CHRISTENSEN AAGE MØLLER 
Published: May 2016

Kymograph recordings of shell movements of 4.0–5.5 cm long clams (Protothaca staminea) during attacks by the seastar (Evasterias troschelii) showed: (1) in 21 experiments the valves were pulled apart at a mean rate of about 1.0 mm per minute, as measured at the mid‐ventral edge of the clams; (2) clams constantly tried to close during the initial opening of them by the seastars and then at longer intervals thereafter for a period usually not exceeding 4 hours.A specially constructed, false lucite “clam” containing Mytilus meat as bait was opened by Evasterias against known resistances applied to the approximate center of the upper, free‐moving valve of the “clam.” Kymograph recordings of shell movements of this “clam” during seastar attacks showed: (1) the curves showing the openings agree closely with those showing openings of live clams; (2) an average sized Evasterias may exert forces in excess of 5000 grams; (3) having lifted such weights, the seastar may hold them lifted for several hours; (4) in 14 experiments, weights varying from 700 to 5500 grams were lifted at an average speed of about 0.8 mm per minute, equal to an increase in gape of about 1.2 mm per minute during the lift. Maximum lifts varied from 2.8 to 13.5 mm with a mean of 6.6 mm.Experiments and observations showed that only the longitudinal musculature of the tube feet is responsible for the forces exerted by the seastar in opening bivalves. However, there are strong indications that the seastar is capable of “locking” itself in a rigid state before commencing the pull.If prevented from applying force, Evasterias will still succeed in feeding on bivalves, but the digestion period is considerably prolonged due to difficulties in inserting all lobes of the stomach into the prey.
Pure Autonomic Failure Versus Prodromal Dysautonomia in Parkinson's Disease: Insights from the Bedside
Authors: Merola Aristide , Espay Alberto J. , Zibetti Maurizio , Romagnolo Alberto , Rosso Michela , Maule Simona , Lopiano Leonardo 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAutonomic failure may include orthostatic hypotension, supine hypertension, bowel and bladder disturbances, impaired thermal regulation, and sexual dysfunction, all of which can be features of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other a‐synucleinopathies. All patients with pure autonomic failure, most patients with multiple system atrophy, and 18% of patients with PD will develop symptomatic orthostatic hypotension. However, the extent of central and peripheral norepinephrine deficiency, parasympathetic nuclei degeneration, and arterial baroreflex failure may be differentially impaired in these disorders. Consequently, clinical features and prognostic implications of autonomic dysfunction in a‐synucleinopathies may be more complex than previously envisioned. The case described in this report highlights the clinical similarities between PD and pure autonomic failure, raising the question of whether pure autonomic failure represents a restricted Lewy body synucleinopathy or an early manifestation of PD.