bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the Absolute Crab Flux with NuSTAR
Authors: Madsen Kristin K. , Forster Karl , Grefenstette Brian W. , Harrison Fiona A. , Stern Daniel 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
We present results from a Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) observation of the Crab made at a large off-axis angle of 1.°5. At these angles, X-rays do not pass through the optics and instead illuminate the detectors directly, due to incomplete baffling. Due to the simplicity of the instrument response in this configuration and the good absolute calibration of the detectors, we are able to measure the absolute intrinsic flux of the Crab to better than 4%. We find the spectral parameters of the power law to be

Γ
=
2.106
±
0.006

,

N
=
9.71
±
0.16

, in agreement with the values measured 42 years ago by Toor & Seward. This suggests that the observed variability of the Crab is not part of a long-term trend, but instead results from fluctuations around a steady mean. The NuSTAR observation also enabled improved measurement of the detector absorption parameters without the added complications of the mirror response.
ELUCID—Exploring the Local Universe with the reConstructed Initial Density Field. II. Reconstruction Diagnostics, Applied to Numerical Halo Catalogs
Authors: Tweed Dylan , Yang Xiaohu , Wang Huiyuan , Cui Weiguang , Zhang Youcai , Li Shijie , Jing Y. P. , Mo H. J. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The ELUCID project aims to build a series of realistic cosmological simulations that reproduce the spatial and mass distributions of the galaxies as observed in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. This requires powerful reconstruction techniques to create constrained initial conditions (ICs). We test the reconstruction method by applying it to several N-body simulations. We use two medium-resolution simulations, which each produced three additional constrained N-body simulations. We compare the resulting friend-of-friend catalogs by using the particle indexes as tracers, and quantify the quality of the reconstruction by varying the main smoothing parameter. The cross-identification method we use proves to be efficient, and the results suggest that the most massive reconstructed halos are effectively traced from the same Lagrangian regions in the ICs. A preliminary time-dependence analysis indicates that high-mass-end halos converge only at a redshift close to the reconstruction redshift. This suggests that, for earlier snapshots, only collections of progenitors may be effectively cross-identified.
Identification of Faint Chandra X-Ray Sources in the Core-collapsed Globular Cluster NGC 6752
Authors: Lugger Phyllis M. , Cohn Haldan N. , Cool Adrienne M. , Heinke Craig O. , Anderson Jay 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
We have searched for optical identifications for 39 Chandra X-ray sources that lie within the 1.′9 half-mass radius of the nearby (

), core-collapsed globular cluster, NGC 6752, using deep Hubble Space Telescope ACS/WFC imaging in B
435,

, and Hα. Photometry of these images allows us to classify candidate counterparts based primarily on color–magnitude and color–color diagram location. The color–color diagram is particularly useful for quantifying the Hα-line equivalent width. In addition to recovering 11 previously detected optical counterparts, we propose 20 new optical IDs. In total, there are 16 likely or less certain cataclysmic variables (CVs), 9 likely or less certain chromospherically active binaries, 3 galaxies, and 3 active galactic nuclei. The latter three sources, which had been identified as likely CVs by previous investigations, now appear to be extragalactic objects based on their proper motions. As we previously found for NGC 6397, the CV candidates in NGC 6752 fall into a bright group that is centrally concentrated relative to the turnoff-mass stars and a faint group that has a spatial distribution that is more similar to that of the turnoff-mass stars. This is consistent with an evolutionary scenario in which CVs are produced by dynamical interactions near the cluster center and diffuse to larger radius orbits as they age.
SHARP: A Spatially Higher-order, Relativistic Particle-in-cell Code
Authors: Shalaby Mohamad , Broderick Avery E. , Chang Philip , Pfrommer Christoph , Lamberts Astrid , Puchwein Ewald 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Numerical heating in particle-in-cell (PIC) codes currently precludes the accurate simulation of cold, relativistic plasma over long periods, severely limiting their applications in astrophysical environments. We present a spatially higher-order accurate relativistic PIC algorithm in one spatial dimension, which conserves charge and momentum exactly. We utilize the smoothness implied by the usage of higher-order interpolation functions to achieve a spatially higher-order accurate algorithm (up to the fifth order). We validate our algorithm against several test problems—thermal stability of stationary plasma, stability of linear plasma waves, and two-stream instability in the relativistic and non-relativistic regimes. Comparing our simulations to exact solutions of the dispersion relations, we demonstrate that SHARP can quantitatively reproduce important kinetic features of the linear regime. Our simulations have a superior ability to control energy non-conservation and avoid numerical heating in comparison to common second-order schemes. We provide a natural definition for convergence of a general PIC algorithm: the complement of physical modes captured by the simulation, i.e., those that lie above the Poisson noise, must grow commensurately with the resolution. This implies that it is necessary to simultaneously increase the number of particles per cell and decrease the cell size. We demonstrate that traditional ways for testing for convergence fail, leading to plateauing of the energy error. This new PIC code enables us to faithfully study the long-term evolution of plasma problems that require absolute control of the energy and momentum conservation.
High-resolution Optical Spectroscopic Observations of Four Symbiotic Stars: AS 255, MWC 960, RW Hya, and StHα 32*
Authors: Pereira C. B. , Baella N. O. , Drake N. A. , Miranda L. F. , Roig F. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
We report on the analysis of high-resolution optical spectra of four symbiotic stars: AS 255, MWC 960, RW Hya, and StHα32. We employ the local-thermodynamic-equilibrium model atmospheres of Kurucz and the spectral analysis code moog to analyze the spectra. The abundance of barium and carbon was derived using the spectral synthesis technique. The chemical composition of the atmospheres of AS 255 and MWC 960 show that they are metal-poor K giants with metallicities of −1.2 and −1.7 respectively. StHα32 is a CH star and also a low-metallicity object (−1.4). AS 255 and MWC 960 are yellow symbiotic stars and, like other previously studied yellow symbiotics, are s-process enriched. StHα32, like other CH stars, is also an s-process and carbon-enriched object. RW Hya has a metallicity of −0.64, a value in accordance with previous determinations, and is not s-process enriched. Based on its position in the 2MASS diagram, we suggest that RW Hya is at an intermediate position between yellow symbiotics and classical S-type symbiotics. We also discuss whether the dilution effect was the mechanism responsible for the absence of the s-process elements overabundance in RW Hya. The luminosity obtained for StHα32 is below the luminosity of the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars that started helium burning (via thermal pulses) and became self-enriched in neutron-capture elements. Therefore, its abundance peculiarities are due to mass transfer from the previous thermally pulsing AGB star (now the white dwarf) that was overabundant in s-process elements. For the stars AS 255 and MWC 960, the determination of their luminosities was not possible due to uncertainties in their distance and interstellar absorption. AS 255 and MWC 960 have a low galactic latitude and could be bulge stars or members of the inner halo population. The heavy-element abundance distribution of AS 255 and MWC 960 is similar to that of the other yellow symbiotics previously analyzed. Their abundance patterns follow that of the thick disk population for RW Hya and of the halo population for AS 255, MWC 960, and StHα32. We also determined the rotational velocities of these four symbiotic stars and compare our results with those of single field stars.
Whimper of a Bang: Documenting the Final Days of the Nearby Type Ia Supernova 2011fe
Authors: Shappee B. J. , Stanek K. Z. , Kochanek C. S. , Garnavich P. M. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and the Large Binocular Telescope, we followed the evolution of the Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) 2011fe for an unprecedented 1840 days past B-band maximum light and over a factor of 7 million in flux. At 1840 days, the

4000

–

17000

Å quasi-bolometric luminosity is just (

420
±
20

)

L

⊙

. By measuring the late-time quasi-bolometric light curve, we present the first confident detection of 57Co decay in a SN Ia light curve and estimate a mass ratio of

log

(

57

Co

/

56

Co
)
=
−

1.59

−
0.07

+
0.06

. We do not have a clean detection of

55

Fe

, but find a limit of

55

Fe

/

57

Co
<
0.22

with 99% confidence. These abundance ratios provide unique constraints on the progenitor system because the central density of the exploding white dwarf(s) dictates these nucleosynthetic yields. The observed ratios strongly prefer the lower central densities of double-degenerate models (

55

Fe

/

57

Co
=
0.27

) over the higher central densities of near-Chandrasekhar-mass single-degenerate models (

55

Fe

/

57

Co
=
0.68

). However, additional theoretical studies predicting isotopic yields from a broader range of progenitor systems are motivated by these unique observations. We will continue to observe SN 2011fe for another ∼600 days with HST and possibly beyond.
Expériences muséales en Chine : douloureuses mémoires locales d’un départ forcé
Authors: Le Mentec Katiana 
Published: May 2017

Résumé	Le musée de Yunyang (Chongqing) expose la migration planifiée induite par le barrage des Trois Gorges qui a concerné un habitant du district sur six. Basée sur une enquête ethnographique d’un mois menée en 2014, l’analyse porte sur l’expression de la subjectivité des visiteurs locaux confrontés aux éléments de la scénographie relatifs aux familles déplacées dans des provinces lointaines. Leurs mémoires semblent s’être cristallisées autour de trois thématiques entrelacées : un départ forcé de la contrée ancestrale, la souffrance de ceux qui sont partis et la brisure du corps social.
The Role of Shed PrPc in the Neuropathogenesis of HIV Infection
Authors: Megra Bezawit W. , Eugenin Eliseo A. , Berman Joan W. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
HIV-1 enters the CNS soon after peripheral infection and causes chronic neuroinflammation and neuronal damage that leads to cognitive impairment in 40–70% of HIV-infected people. The nonpathogenic cellular isoform of the human prion protein (PrPc) is an adhesion molecule constitutively expressed in the CNS. Previously, our laboratory showed that shed PrPc (sPrPc) is increased in the cerebrospinal fluid of HIV-infected people with cognitive deficits as compared with infected people with no impairment. In this article, we demonstrate that CCL2 and TNF-α, inflammatory mediators that are elevated in the CNS of HIV-infected people, increase shedding of PrPc from human astrocytes by increasing the active form of the metalloprotease ADAM10. We show that the consequence of this shedding can be the production of inflammatory mediators, because treatment of astrocytes with rPrPc increased secretion of CCL2, CXCL-12, and IL-8. Supernatants from rPrPc-treated astrocytes containing factors produced in response to this treatment, but not rPrPc by itself, cause increased chemotaxis of both uninfected and HIV-infected human monocytes, suggesting a role for sPrPc in monocyte recruitment into the brain. Furthermore, we examined whether PrPc participates in glutamate uptake and found that rPrPc decreased uptake of this metabolite in astrocytes, which could lead to neurotoxicity and neuronal loss. Collectively, our data characterize mediators involved in PrPc shedding and the effect of this sPrPc on monocyte chemotaxis and glutamate uptake from astrocytes. We propose that shedding of PrPc could be a potential target for therapeutics to limit the cognitive impairment characteristic of neuroAIDS.
T Follicular Helper Cell–Derived IL-4 Is Required for IgE Production during Intestinal Helminth Infection
Authors: Meli Alexandre P. , Fontés Ghislaine , Leung Soo Cindy , King Irah L. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
IgE production plays a crucial role in protective as well as pathogenic type 2 immune responses. Although the cytokine IL-4 is required for the development of IgE-producing plasma cells, the source of IL-4 and cellular requirements for optimal IgE responses remain unclear. Recent evidence suggests that T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are the primary producer of IL-4 in the reactive lymph node during type 2 immune responses. As Tfh cells are also required for the development of plasmablasts derived from germinal center and extrafollicular sources, we hypothesized that this cell subset is essential for the IgE plasmablast response. In this study, we show that during intestinal helminth infection, IL-4 derived from Tfh cells is required for IgE class switching and plasmablast formation. Notably, early IgE class switching did not require germinal center formation. Additionally, Tfh cell–derived IL-4 was required to maintain the Th2 response in the mesenteric lymph nodes of infected mice. Collectively, our results indicate that IL-4–producing Tfh cells are central orchestrators of the type 2 immune response in the reactive lymph nodes during parasitic helminth infection.
Sedimentary record from the Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean: implications for late to middle Pleistocene glacial history
Authors: Dong Linsen , Liu Yanguang , Shi Xuefa , Polyak Leonid , Huang Yuanhui , Fang Xisheng , Liu Jianxing , Zou Jianjun , Wang Kunshan , Sun Fuqiang , Wang Xuchen 
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Sediment core ARC4-BN05 collected from the Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean, covers the late to middle Quaternary (Marine Isotope Stage – MIS – 1–15, ca. 0.5–0.6 Ma) as estimated by correlation to earlier proposed Arctic Ocean stratigraphies and AMS14C dating of the youngest sediments. Detailed examination of clay and bulk mineralogy along with grain size, content of Ca and Mn, and planktic foraminiferal numbers in core ARC4–BN05 provides important new information about sedimentary environments and provenance. We use increased contents of coarse debris as an indicator of glacier collapse events at the margins of the western Arctic Ocean, and identify the provenance of these events from mineralogical composition. Notably, peaks of dolomite debris, including large dropstones, track the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) discharge events to the Arctic Ocean. Major LIS inputs occurred during the stratigraphic intervals estimated as MIS 3, intra-MIS 5 and 7 events, MIS 8, and MIS 10. Inputs from the East Siberian Ice Sheet (ESIS) are inferred from peaks of smectite, kaolinite, and chlorite associated with coarse sediment. Major ESIS sedimentary events occurred in the intervals estimated as MIS 4, MIS 6 and MIS 12. Differences in LIS vs. ESIS inputs can be explained by ice-sheet configurations at different sea levels, sediment delivery mechanisms (iceberg rafting, suspension plumes, and debris flows), and surface circulation. A long-term change in the pattern of sediment inputs, with an apparent step change near the estimated MIS 7–8 boundary (ca. 0.25 Ma), presumably indicates an overall glacial expansion at the western Arctic margins, especially in North America.
Single-block rockfall dynamics inferred from seismic signal analysis
Authors: Hibert Clément , Malet Jean-Philippe , Bourrier Franck , Provost Floriane , Berger Frédéric , Bornemann Pierrick , Tardif Pascal , Mermin Eric 
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Seismic monitoring of mass movements can significantly help to mitigate the associated hazards; however, the link between event dynamics and the seismic signals generated is not completely understood. To better understand these relationships, we conducted controlled releases of single blocks within a soft-rock (black marls) gully of the Rioux-Bourdoux torrent (French Alps). A total of 28 blocks, with masses ranging from 76 to 472 kg, were used for the experiment. An instrumentation combining video cameras and seismometers was deployed along the travelled path. The video cameras allow reconstructing the trajectories of the blocks and estimating their velocities at the time of the different impacts with the slope. These data are compared to the recorded seismic signals. As the distance between the falling block and the seismic sensors at the time of each impact is known, we were able to determine the associated seismic signal amplitude corrected for propagation and attenuation effects. We compared the velocity, the potential energy lost, the kinetic energy and the momentum of the block at each impact to the true amplitude and the radiated seismic energy. Our results suggest that the amplitude of the seismic signal is correlated to the momentum of the block at the impact. We also found relationships between the potential energy lost, the kinetic energy and the seismic energy radiated by the impacts. Thanks to these relationships, we were able to retrieve the mass and the velocity before impact of each block directly from the seismic signal. Despite high uncertainties, the values found are close to the true values of the masses and the velocities of the blocks. These relationships allow for gaining a better understanding of the physical processes that control the source of high-frequency seismic signals generated by rockfalls.
Assessment of extreme flood events in a changing climate for a long-term planning of socio-economic infrastructure in the Russian Arctic
Authors: Shevnina Elena , Kourzeneva Ekaterina , Kovalenko Viktor , Vihma Timo 
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Climate warming has been more acute in the Arctic than at lower latitudes and this tendency is expected to continue. This generates major challenges for economic activity in the region. Among other issues is the long-term planning and development of socio-economic infrastructure (dams, bridges, roads, etc.), which require climate-based forecasts of the frequency and magnitude of detrimental flood events. To estimate the cost of the infrastructure and operational risk, a probabilistic form of long-term forecasting is preferable. In this study, a probabilistic model to simulate the parameters of the probability density function (PDF) for multi-year runoff based on a projected climatology is applied to evaluate changes in extreme floods for the territory of the Russian Arctic. The model is validated by cross-comparison of the modelled and empirical PDFs using observations from 23 sites located in northern Russia. The mean values and coefficients of variation (CVs) of the spring flood depth of runoff are evaluated under four climate scenarios, using simulations of six climate models for the period 2010–2039. Regions with substantial expected changes in the means and CVs of spring flood depth of runoff are outlined. For the sites located within such regions, it is suggested to account for the future climate change in calculating the maximal discharges of rare occurrence. An example of engineering calculations for maximal discharges with 1 % exceedance probability is provided for the Nadym River at Nadym.
Kinship and intimacy
Authors: LaFollette Hugh 
Published: May 2017

We think about personal relationships in two distinct ways. The first focuses on relationships between blood relatives: parents and their children, siblings, and perhaps first cousins. The second focuses on intimacy: relationships where each individual is honest to and trusting of the other; each cares for the other and seeks the other’s company. In this article I ask how these two conceptions are, can be, or should be linked. Should we strive to make all relationships with kin intimate? Even if the answer is a qualified “No,” does that mean relationships with kin are not valuable? I offer some tentative answers to these questions. Despite its limitations, I hope this provides a framework from which future exploration of these issues might profitably begin.
Recovery from Cyclophosphamide Overdose in a Dog
Authors: Finlay Jessica Renee , Wyatt Kenneth , North Courtney 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
An adult female spayed dog was evaluated after inadvertently receiving a total dose of 1,750 mg oral cyclophosphamide, equivalent to 2,303 mg/m2, over 21 days (days −21 to 0). Nine days after the last dose of cyclophosphamide (day +9), the dog was evaluated at Perth Veterinary Specialists. Physical examination revealed mucosal pallor, a grade 2/6 systolic heart murmur, and severe hemorrhagic cystitis. Severe nonregenerative pancytopenia was detected on hematology. Broad spectrum antibiotics, two fresh whole blood transfusions, granulocyte colony stimulating factor, and tranexamic acid were administered. Five days after presentation (day +14), the peripheral neutrophil count had recovered, and by 12 days (day +21) the complete blood count was near normal. A second episode of thrombocytopenia (day +51) was managed with vincristine, prednisolone, and melatonin. The dog made a complete recovery with no long-term complications at the time of writing. To the author's knowledge, this is the highest inadvertently administered dose of cyclophosphamide to result in complete recovery.
Presentación No.45
Authors: Rodríguez Wendy Bellanger 
Published: May 2017

En el mundo financiero, no existen malos clientes, sino instituciones financieras capaces o incapaces de adecuarse con flexibilidad y eficiencia a las características del público que solicita o recibe sus servicios. Esta es una de las conclusiones generales que se desprende de los trabajos que se recogen en este nuevo número de Encuentro. A partir del análisis y la evaluación de experiencias concretas de micro-crédito, la mayoría de estos artículos demuestran que amplios sectores de la población (campesinos, artesanos, mujeres, etc.), tradicionalmente considerados como carentes de capacidad de ahorro o de pago, se convierten en buenos clientes cuando el perfil de los servicios prestados por las instituciones financieras se adecúa a sus características.
Consecuencias de la violencia sexual en niños, niñas y adolescentes
Authors: Castillo Sequeira Marcia 
Published: May 2017

Como parte de un estudio más amplio, se exploraron las consecuencias que a corto y largo plazo produce el abuso sexual infantil (ASI) en niños y adultos de ambos sexos. La información obtenida de tres fuentes (psicólogas expertas, directa e indirectamente, y víctimas adultas), permitió establecer que miedo, ansiedad, vergüenza, problemas del sueño y culpa, son los síntomas más frecuentes a corto plazo, en tanto que baja autoestima, incapacidad para defender sus derechos, desconfianza, desagrado por las fiestas e insatisfacción y problemas sexuales, se presentan a largo plazo. Los síntomas identificados tanto a corto como a largo plazo por las expertas fueron baja autoestima, vergüenza, depresión y culpa. Los resultados se discuten en relación con la literatura consultada y con la atención psicosocial que se brinda y se podría ofrecer a las víctimas infantiles de ASI.