bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fibromyalgia syndrome: metabolic and autophagic processes in intermittent cold stress mice
Authors: Oezel Lisa , Then Hanna , Jung Anna L. , Jabari Samir , Bonaterra Gabriel A. , Wissniowski Thaddeus T. , Önel Susanne F. , Ocker Matthias , Thieme Kati , Kinscherf Ralf , Di Fazio Pietro 
Published: September 2016

AbstractFibromyalgia is characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and depression. The aim was to analyze potential mitochondrial dysfunction or autophagy in mice after exposure to intermittent cold stress (ICS). Muscle and liver specimens were obtained from 36 mice. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was measured. Microtubule‐associated protein light chain 3 (MAP1LC3B) and glycogen content were determined histologically; muscle ultrastructure by electron microscopy. Mitochondrial‐ and autophagy‐related markers were analyzed by RT‐qPCR and Western blotting. ATP level, cytotoxicity, and caspase 3 activity were measured in murine C2C12 myoblasts after ICS exposure. Coenzyme Q10B (COQ10B) transcript was up‐regulated in limb muscle of ICS mice, whereas its protein content was stable. Cytochrome C oxidase 4 (COX4I1) and LDH activity increased in limb muscle of male ICS mice. Glycogen content was lower in muscle and liver tissue of male ICS mice. Electron micrographs of ICS mice specimens showed mitochondrial damage and autophagic vesicles. A significant up‐regulation of autophagic transcripts of MAP1LC3B and BECLIN 1 (BECN1) was observed. Map1lc3b protein showed an aggregated distribution in ICS mice and SqSTM1/p62 (p62) protein level was stable. Furthermore, ATP level and caspase activity, detected as apoptotic marker, were significantly lowered after ICS exposure in differentiated C2C12 myoblasts. The present study shows that ICS mice are characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagic processes, and metabolic alterations. Further investigations could dissect autophagy process in the proposed model and link these mechanisms to potential therapeutic options for fibromyalgia.
Automated system measuring triple oxygen and nitrogen isotope ratios in nitrate using the bacterial method and N2O decomposition by microwave discharge
Authors: Hattori Shohei , Savarino Joel , Kamezaki Kazuki , Ishino Sakiko , Dyckmans Jens , Fujinawa Tamaki , Caillon Nicolas , Barbero Albane , Mukotaka Arata , Toyoda Sakae , Well Reinhard , Yoshida Naohiro 
Published: September 2016

RationaleTriple oxygen and nitrogen isotope ratios in nitrate are powerful tools for assessing atmospheric nitrate formation pathways and their contribution to ecosystems. N2O decomposition using microwave‐induced plasma (MIP) has been used only for measurements of oxygen isotopes to date, but it is also possible to measure nitrogen isotopes during the same analytical run.MethodsThe main improvements to a previous system are (i) an automated distribution system of nitrate to the bacterial medium, (ii) N2O separation by gas chromatography before N2O decomposition using the MIP, (iii) use of a corundum tube for microwave discharge, and (iv) development of an automated system for isotopic measurements. Three nitrate standards with sample sizes of 60, 80, 100, and 120 nmol were measured to investigate the sample size dependence of the isotope measurements.ResultsThe δ17O, δ18O, and Δ17O values increased with increasing sample size, although the δ15N value showed no significant size dependency. Different calibration slopes and intercepts were obtained with different sample amounts. The slopes and intercepts for the regression lines in different sample amounts were dependent on sample size, indicating that the extent of oxygen exchange is also dependent on sample size. The sample‐size‐dependent slopes and intercepts were fitted using natural log (ln) regression curves, and the slopes and intercepts can be estimated to apply to any sample size corrections. When using 100 nmol samples, the standard deviations of residuals from the regression lines for this system were 0.5‰, 0.3‰, and 0.1‰, respectively, for the δ18O, Δ17O, and δ15N values, results that are not inferior to those from other systems using gold tube or gold wire.ConclusionsAn automated system was developed to measure triple oxygen and nitrogen isotopes in nitrate using N2O decomposition by MIP. This system enables us to measure both triple oxygen and nitrogen isotopes in nitrate with comparable precision and sample throughput (23 min per sample on average), and minimal manual treatment. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SmartSIM ‐ a virtual reality simulator for laparoscopy training using a generic physics engine
Authors: Khan Zohaib Amjad , Kamal Nabeel , Hameed Asad , Mahmood Amama , Zainab Rida , Sadia Bushra , Mansoor Shamyl Bin , Hasan Osman 
Published: September 2016

AbstractVirtual reality (VR) training simulators have started playing a vital role in enhancing surgical skills, such as hand–eye coordination in laparoscopy, and practicing surgical scenarios that cannot be easily created using physical models. We describe a new VR simulator for basic training in laparoscopy, i.e. SmartSIM, which has been developed using a generic open‐source physics engine called the simulation open framework architecture (SOFA). This paper describes the systems perspective of SmartSIM including design details of both hardware and software components, while highlighting the critical design decisions. Some of the distinguishing features of SmartSIM include: (i) an easy‐to‐fabricate custom‐built hardware interface; (ii) use of a generic physics engine to facilitate wider accessibility of our work and flexibility in terms of using various graphical modelling algorithms and their implementations; and (iii) an intelligent and smart evaluation mechanism that facilitates unsupervised and independent learning.
A prognostic model for predicting urinary incontinence after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy
Authors: Honda Masashi , Kawamoto Bunya , Morizane Shuichi , Hikita Katsuya , Muraoka Kuniyasu , Sejima Takehiro , Takenaka Atsushi 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study is to develop a novel prognostic model for estimating the risk of postoperative urinary incontinence (UI) after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP).MethodsParticipants comprised 131 men who underwent RARP at our hospital from 2011 to 2013. Cox regression analyses were performed to evaluate associations between UI and preoperative factors including filling cystometry and pressure‐flow study results and magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsLogistic regression analyses revealed significant associations between membranous urethral length or levator thickness and UI at 3 and 6 months. Stratification produced high (membranous urethral length < 9.5 mm or levator thickness < 9.0 mm) and low (membranous urethral length ≥ 9.5 mm and levator thickness ≥ 9.0 mm) UI risk groups. These inter‐group differences in UI rate were significant.ConclusionsWe developed a novel prognostic model based on preoperative patient data that can be used for patient counselling.
Finding Hamilton cycles in random graphs with few queries
Authors: Ferber Asaf , Krivelevich Michael , Sudakov Benny , Vieira Pedro 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe introduce a new setting of algorithmic problems in random graphs, studying the minimum number of queries one needs to ask about the adjacency between pairs of vertices of in order to typically find a subgraph possessing a given target property. We show that if , then one can find a Hamilton cycle with high probability after exposing edges. Our result is tight in both p and the number of exposed edges. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 49, 635–668, 2016
Gallic Acid Derived Palladium(0) Nanoparticles: An In Situ Formed “Green and Recyclable” Catalyst for Suzuki‐Miyaura Coupling in Water
Authors: Mondal Manoj , Begum Tahshina , Gogoi Pradip K. , Bora Utpal 
Published: September 2016

AbstractHerein, we report a facile methodology for the Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling in water. The method involved use of gallic acid (a natural and abundant phytochemical) reduced palladium(0) nanoparticles (PdNPs) formed in situ. The catalyst acts efficiently at low loading with short reaction time, further can be reused effectively till four recycles. Importantly, a wide range of functional groups were found to be compatible with the given reaction conditions. The use of gallic acid influenced both rate of the catalytic reaction and size distribution of the PdNPs. The size, morphology and distribution of the in situ‐formed nanoparticles were determined by UV‐Vis, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis, which showed a uniform gallic acid coated aggregation of palladium particles. Since gallic acid is a non‐toxic phytochemical, the present method highlights an efficient alternative for the utilization of natural feedstock.
A Greener Approach towards Making Highly Luminescent Ln3+‐Doped NaYF4 Nanoparticles with Ligand‐Assisted Phase Control
Authors: Sarkar Debashrita , Meesaragandla Brahmaiah , Samanta Tuhin , Mahalingam Venkataramanan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractLanthanide (Ln3+)‐doped NaYF4 nanoparticles (NPs) are generally prepared using high temperature methods which generally restricts the choice of capping ligands as well as lead to the release of toxic fluorinated and oxyfluorinated carbon species during synthesis. In this work, we report the synthesis of highly crystalline Ln3+‐doped NaYF4 nanoparticles (NPs) at room temperature using a wide variety of ligands. Interestingly, the phase of the NPs could be controlled using suitable capping ligands. Formation of pure cubic phase NaYF4 NPs is achieved using dicarboxylic acid as capping ligands, whereas diamine ligands promote formation of hexagonal phase NPs. Time‐dependent XRD analysis clearly indicates the phase evolution of the nanocrystals. Both cubic and hexagonal phase NaYF4 NPs exhibit intense Stokes‐shifted emission when doped with Eu3+ ions. Whereas doping Yb3+/Er3+ ions led to strong luminescence in the visible region via the upconversion process. In addition, the Yb3+/Er3+‐doped NaYF4 nanocrystals display strong emission in the optical telecommunication window (∼1550 nm) which are generally difficult to observe in colloidal nanocrystals. We believe that with appropriate selection of capping ligands NPs with good morphology and size can be achieved. In addition to the greener approach of the synthesis route which is important for energy minimization, we strongly believe that the synthetic strategy might pave way to the fundamental understanding of the growth of NPs.
Suzuki‐Miyaura cross–coupling reaction in water: facile synthesis of (hetero) aryl uracil bases using potassiumorganotrifluoroborates under microwave irradiation.
Authors: Savitha Bhaskaran , Sajith Ayyiliath M. , Reddy Eeda Koti , Kumar C. S. Ananda , Padusha M. Syed Ali 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we report the use of (hetero) aryl potassiumorganotrifluoroborate salts as versatile nucleophilic organoboron reagents in the Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction of an electron rich 6‐chloro 3‐methyl uracil in water under microwave irradiation. A comparative study of the cross‐coupling reaction of this chloro uracil analogue with different nucleophilic organoboron source revealed the superior reactivity of (hetero) aryl potassiumorganotrifluoroborates in water under microwave irradiation. Diversely functionalised (hetero) aryl uracil bases, which are known possess a wide range of applications in chemical biology, were efficiently synthesized using this optimised protocol.
Facile Access to Diselenide Containing Macrocyclic Ring from Diselone
Authors: Vaddamanu Moulali , Karupnaswamy Ramesh , Srinivas Katam , Prabusankar Ganesan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractNew 4,4’‐bis(N‐vinyl‐imidazole‐selone)‐1,1’‐biphenyl was derived from 4,4’‐bis(N‐vinyl‐imidazolium chloride)‐1,1’‐biphenyl or 4,4’‐bis(N‐vinyl‐imidazolium tetrafluoroborate)‐1,1’‐biphenyl or 4,4’‐bis(N‐vinyl‐imidazolium hexafluorophosphate)‐1,1’‐biphenyl in good yield. Subsequently, the bis{4,4’‐bis(N‐vinyl‐imidazole‐selenide)‐1,1’‐biphenyl} tetra tetrafluoroborate was isolated from 4,4’‐bis(N‐vinyl‐imidazole‐selone)‐1,1’‐biphenyl using copper(II) tetrafluoroborate hexahydrate as an oxidizing agent. These new compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, FT‐IR, multinuclear NMR and UV‐vis studies. In addition, 4,4’‐bis(N‐vinyl‐imidazolium chloride)‐1,1’‐biphenyl, 4,4’‐bis(N‐vinyl‐imidazolium tetrafluoroborate)‐1,1’‐biphenyl and [bis{4,4’‐bis(N‐vinyl‐imidazole‐selenide)‐1,1’‐biphenyl} tetra tetrafluoroborate] were characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction technique. The tetra cationic selenide salt represents the first structurally characterized 32 membered diselenide containing macrocyclic ring. The charge of tetra cationic selenide salt is balanced by four BF4‐ ions. The macrocyclic ring is in chair configuration. In solid packing, tetra cationic selenide salt shows an extensive C−H⋅⋅⋅F hydrogen bonding interactions between C‐H and BF4‐ moieties. Besides, the thermal stability of diselenide containing macrocyclic ring was compared with bis imidazole selone.
Iodine–induced Oxidative Cyclisation of N‐Acyl Amidines: A Rapid Synthesis of 3,5‐Disubstituted‐1,2,4‐Oxadiazoles
Authors: Asad Mohammad , Gupta Puneet K , Jaiswal Subodh K , Hajela Kanchan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA rapid and efficient metal‐free synthesis of 3,5‐disubstituted‐1,2,4‐oxadiazoles has been developed via iodine‐induced oxidative cyclisation of N‐acyl amidines. This eco‐friendly approach allows wide functional group tolerance and results in the direct access of highly diversified 1,2,4‐oxadiazoles in 59–94 % yields.
Concise Review: Stem Cell Population Biology: Insights from Hematopoiesis
Authors: MacLean Adam L. , Lo Celso Cristina , Stumpf Michael P.H. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Stem cells are fundamental to human life and offer great therapeutic potential, yet their biology remains incompletely—or in cases even poorly—understood. The field of stem cell biology has grown substantially in recent years due to a combination of experimental and theoretical contributions: the experimental branch of this work provides data in an ever-increasing number of dimensions, while the theoretical branch seeks to determine suitable models of the fundamental stem cell processes that these data describe. The application of population dynamics to biology is amongst the oldest applications of mathematics to biology, and the population dynamics perspective continues to offer much today. Here we describe the impact that such a perspective has made in the field of stem cell biology. Using hematopoietic stem cells as our model system, we discuss the approaches that have been used to study their key properties, such as capacity for self-renewal, differentiation, and cell fate lineage choice. We will also discuss the relevance of population dynamics in models of stem cells and cancer, where competition naturally emerges as an influential factor on the temporal evolution of cell populations.
Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Secretion of Programmed Death-1 Ligands Regulates T Cell Mediated Immunosuppression
Authors: Davies Lindsay C. , Heldring Nina , Kadri Nadir , Le Blanc Katarina 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) exert broad immunosuppressive potential, modulating the activity of cells of innate and adaptive immune systems. As MSCs become accepted as a therapeutic option for the treatment of immunological disorders such as Graft versus Host Disease, our need to understand the intricate details by which they exert their effects is crucial. Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is an important regulator in T cell activation and homeostatic control. It has been reported that this pathway may be important in contact-dependent mediated immunomodulation by MSCs. The aim of this study was to establish whether MSCs, in addition to their cell-surface expression, are able to secrete PD-1 ligands (PD-L1 and PD-L2) and their potential importance in modulating contact-independent mechanisms of MSC immunosuppression. Here we report that MSCs express and secrete PD-L1 and PD-L2 and that this is regulated by exposure to interferon γ and tumor necrosis factor α. MSCs, via their secretion of PD-1 ligands, suppress the activation of CD4+ T cells, downregulate interleukin-2 secretion and induce irreversible hyporesponsiveness and cell death. Suppressed T cells demonstrated a reduction in AKT phosphorylation at T308 and a subsequent increase in FOXO3 expression that could be reversed with blockade of PD-L1. In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time, that MSCs are able to secrete PD-1 ligands, with this being the first known report of a biological role for PD-L2 in MSCs. These soluble factors play an important role in modulating immunosuppressive effects of MSCs directly on T cell behavior and induction of peripheral tolerance.
Cooperative Catalysis of Combined Systems of Transition‐Metal Complexes with Lewis Acids: Theoretical Understanding
Authors: Guan Wei , Zeng Guixiang , Kameo Hajime , Nakao Yoshiaki , Sakaki Shigeyoshi 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe combination of transition‐metal complexes and Lewis acids has been recently applied to several catalytic reactions, in which the Lewis acid plays a crucial role as a non‐innocent additive to accelerate the reaction. In this review article, the reasons for the acceleration by the Lewis acid are discussed based on our recent theoretical studies. In the H–H σ‐bond activation of a dihydrogen molecule by a nickel(0)–borane complex, the empty p orbital of the borane moiety interacts with the H–H σ bonding MO to form charge transfer (CT) from the dihydrogen molecule to the borane moiety to accelerate the reaction. In the B–F σ‐bond activation of BF3 by a platinum(0)–bisphosphine complex, the second BF3 molecule interacts with the F atom that is dissociating from the B atom to stabilize the transition state and product by the CT from the F atom to the second BF3. In this reaction, the substrate BF3 plays a crucial role as the Lewis acid to accelerate the activation of the B–F σ bond. In the nickel‐catalyzed decyanative coupling of arylcarboxybenzonitriles with acetylenes, two molecules of the aluminum Lewis acid interact with the cyano N atom and the carbonyl O atom of the substrate to stabilize the transition state and intermediate. In the nickel‐catalyzed alkylation of aromatic amides with alkenes, the Lewis acid enhances the para regioselectivity of alkylation by interacting with the carbonyl O atom. In the nickel‐catalyzed carboxylation of sp3 carbon and sp carbon atoms with carbon dioxide, not the σ‐bond activation but the insertion reaction of carbon dioxide into the metal–carbon bond is accelerated by the Lewis acid by interacting with the O atom of carbon dioxide, because the CT from the metal–carbon bond to carbon dioxide is enhanced by the interaction. This theoretical knowledge suggests that the combination of transition‐metal complex and Lewis acid can broaden the application range of transition‐metal complex as catalyst.
Natural gene expression variation studies in yeast
Authors: Thompson Dawn A. , Cubillos Francisco A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe rise of sequence information across different yeast species and strains is driving an increasing number of studies in the emerging field of genomics to associate polymorphic variants, mRNA abundance and phenotypic differences between individuals. Here, we gathered evidence from recent studies covering several layers that define the genotype–phenotype gap, such as mRNA abundance, allele‐specific expression and translation efficiency to demonstrate how genetic variants co‐evolve and define an individual's genome. Moreover, we exposed several antecedents where inter‐ and intra‐specific studies led to opposite conclusions, probably owing to genetic divergence. Future studies in this area will benefit from the access to a massive array of well‐annotated genomes and new sequencing technologies, which will allow the fine breakdown of the complex layers that delineate the genotype–phenotype map. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Naturalizing supersymmetry with a two-field relaxion mechanism
Authors: Evans Jason L. , Gherghetta Tony , Nagata Natsumi , Thomas Zoe 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe present a supersymmetric version of a two-field relaxion model that naturalizes tuned versions of supersymmetry. This arises from a relaxion mechanism that does not depend on QCD dynamics and where the relaxion potential barrier height is controlled by a second axion-like field. During the cosmological evolution, the relaxion rolls with a nonzero value that breaks supersymmetry and scans the soft supersymmetric mass terms. Electroweak symmetry is broken after the soft masses become of order the supersymmetric Higgs mass term and causes the relaxion to stop rolling for superpartner masses up to ∼ 109 GeV. This can explain the tuning in supersymmetric models, including split-SUSY models, while preserving the QCD axion solution to the strong CP problem. Besides predicting two very weakly-coupled axion-like particles, the supersymmetric spectrum may contain an extra Goldstino, which could be a viable dark matter candidate.
Consensus recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment and follow‐up of inherited methylation disorders
Authors: Barić Ivo , Staufner Christian , Augoustides‐Savvopoulou Persephone , Chien Yin‐Hsiu , Dobbelaere Dries , Grünert Sarah C. , Opladen Thomas , Petković Ramadža Danijela , Rakić Bojana , Wedell Anna , Blom Henk J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractInherited methylation disorders are a group of rarely reported, probably largely underdiagnosed disorders affecting transmethylation processes in the metabolic pathway between methionine and homocysteine. These are methionine adenosyltransferase I/III, glycine N‐methyltransferase, S‐adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase and adenosine kinase deficiencies. This paper provides the first consensus recommendations for the diagnosis and management of methylation disorders. Following search of the literature and evaluation according to the SIGN‐methodology of all reported patients with methylation defects, graded recommendations are provided in a structured way comprising diagnosis (clinical presentation, biochemical abnormalities, differential diagnosis, newborn screening, prenatal diagnosis), therapy and follow‐up. Methylation disorders predominantly affect the liver, central nervous system and muscles, but clinical presentation can vary considerably between and within disorders. Although isolated hypermethioninemia is the biochemical hallmark of this group of disorders, it is not always present, especially in early infancy. Plasma S‐adenosylmethionine and S‐adenosylhomocysteine are key metabolites for the biochemical clarification of isolated hypermethioninemia. Mild hyperhomocysteinemia can be present in all methylation disorders. Methylation disorders do not qualify as primary targets of newborn screening. A low‐methionine diet can be beneficial in patients with methionine adenosyltransferase I/III deficiency if plasma methionine concentrations exceed 800 μmol/L. There is some evidence that this diet may also be beneficial in patients with S‐adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase and adenosine kinase deficiencies. S‐adenosylmethionine supplementation may be useful in patients with methionine adenosyltransferase I/III deficiency. Recommendations given in this article are based on general principles and in practice should be adjusted individually according to patient's age, severity of the disease, clinical and laboratory findings.