bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding successful and unsuccessful landings of aerial maneuver variations in professional surfing
Authors: Forsyth J. R. , Riddiford‐Harland D. L. , Whitting J. W. , Sheppard J. M. , Steele J. R. 
Published: January 2018

Although performing aerial maneuvers can increase wave score and winning potential in competitive surfing, the critical features underlying successful aerial performance have not been systematically investigated. This study aimed to analyze highly skilled aerial maneuver performance and to identify the critical features associated with successful or unsuccessful landing. Using video recordings of the World Surf League's Championship Tour, every aerial performed during the quarterfinal, semifinal, and final heats from the 11 events in the 2015 season was viewed. From this, 121 aerials were identified with the Frontside Air (n = 15) and Frontside Air Reverse (n = 67) being selected to be qualitatively assessed. Using chi‐squared analyses, a series of key critical features, including landing over the center of the surfboard (FS Air χ2 = 14.00, FS Air Reverse χ2 = 26.61; P < .001) and landing with the lead ankle in dorsiflexion (FS Air χ2 = 3.90, FS Air Reverse χ2 = 13.64; P < .05), were found to be associated with successful landings. These critical features help surfers land in a stable position, while maintaining contact with the surfboard. The results of this study provide coaches with evidence to adjust the technique of their athletes to improve their winning potential.
Culture change and mandating quality improvement
Authors: Bartlett Thomas , Hewertson Edward , Vassallo Michael 
Published: January 2018

SummaryBackgroundA mandatory programme of quality improvement (QI) education was developed for newly qualified Foundation Year 1 (FY1) doctors to complete their curriculum requirements. Their perceptions were evaluated to refine the programme.MethodsThe programme delivered theoretical and experiential learning. Participants were asked to form groups and to come up with their own projects addressing the areas of need that they had identified. The 9‐month group project included formal teaching and a formal presentation to the hospital. There was access to facilitation and teaching throughout. Self‐rating questionnaires were used to measure the effects of the programme on knowledge and motivation. In a quasi‐experimental design, data were compared before and after the programme, and comparison data were collected from the FY1 of the previous year.ResultsAcross the domains of knowledge, attitudes and motivations, there were no significant differences between the pre‐intervention group and the comparison group. Pre‐ and post‐intervention [mean (SD) median] there was a significant increase in overall QI knowledge [2.1 (0.76) 2.0 versus 3.2 (0.62) 3.0; p = 0.000]; however, by the end the FY1s were less motivated to complete the projects [3.9 (0.54) 4.0 versus 3.4 (0.91) 4.0; p = 0.02] and were less positive about them [2.3 (0.69) 2.0 versus 3.0 (0.77) 3.0; p = 0.005]. They felt that the projects were less important for their professional development [3.89 (0.66) 4.0 versus 3.1 (0.73) 3.0; p = 0.000] and were less likely to generate positive change in the long term [2.72 (0.61) 3.0 versus 3.4 (0.92) 3.5; p = 0.007].Doctors perceptions [of QI] were evaluated to refine a mandatory programmeDiscussionDespite delivering a successful theoretical and experiential QI teaching programme with more trainee involvement, the results suggest that mandatory participation for the completion of training risks losing the innovative and creative force of junior doctors and, for some, reducing it to a tick‐box exercise.
Regional cerebral tissue oxygen saturation changes following blood transfusion in neuro‐intensive care unit patients – a pilot observational study
Authors: Muthuchellappan R. , Shaikh N. A. , Surve R. M. , Ganne U. R. S. , Philip M. 
Published: January 2018

SUMMARYBackgroundAlthough central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) is used to decide on red blood cell (RBC) transfusion, whether its improvement is associated with parallel improvement in cerebral oxygenation is not adequately studied. This study looked at changes in regional cerebral tissue oxygen saturation (rSO2) following RBC transfusion in neuro‐intensive care unit (ICU) patients.MethodsIn this prospective observational pilot study, rSO2 was measured in adult neuro‐ICU patients before RBC transfusion, at the end and at 6, 12, 18 and 24 h after RBC transfusion. rSO2 measurements were taken using cerebral oximetry on both sides of the hemicraniums. Haemoglobin, central venous pressure, ScvO2 and temperature were recorded during the study period. Arterial oxygen content, central venous oxygen content and cerebral fractional oxygen extraction were calculated. Mann Whitney U test was used to study the changes in variables at baseline and at 24 h following RBC transfusion. Friedman's test was used to study changes in parameters from baseline to 24 h post‐transfusion. A P value of <0·05 was considered to be significant.ResultsThe data from 13 subjects were analysed. rSO2 increased significantly following RBC transfusion on both sides of the brain (P = 0·002, P = 0·007), with a corresponding decrease in cerebral fractional oxygen extraction (P = 0·001, P = 0·007).ConclusionsRBC transfusion increased rSO2 significantly on both sides of the brain. As patients' outcomes were not studied, whether this increase in regional cerebral oxygen saturation is beneficial or if it is because of excess DO2 is still unclear. Further studies are required to clarify this issue.
Exposure to the new wave of offshoring: An unemployment perspective
Authors: Zhang Rui 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of increasing service offshoring in a two‐sector economy. We find that it leads to lower domestic unemployment if the marginal task‐specific offshoring cost in the service sector is sufficiently large. Under this condition, the jobs created due to enhanced productivity outweigh the jobs that are destroyed. The reduction in unemployment increases the cost of hiring domestic workers, thus encouraging firms in the manufacturing sector to increase their offshoring scale and productivity. This, in turn, increases their cost savings and may lead to a further decrease in unemployment. Hence, complementarity between two sectors’ offshoring activities may emerge. We calibrate the model using economic parameters from Belgium, and the calibration results predict varied unemployment trends and impacts on manufacturing‐sector offshoring activities with different task‐specific offshoring cost schedules.
Two-Stage Precession Type Gear: Design, Geometric and Kinematic Analysis
Authors: Macyszyn Łukasz , Myszkowski Adam , Staniek Roman , Pabiszczak Stanisław 
Published: January 2018

The paper presents the theoretical bases, design and the principle of operation of two-stage precession type transmission with face meshing. Description and the principle of forming the face meshing which is modified by the original method have been shown as well. Dimensional relations between particular components of the gears are established and the analysis of optimal gear ratio, depending on the number of teeth or magnets on the circumferences of meshing gear wheels is also provided in the paper.
For further analysis four prototypes of mechanical precession transmission with face meshing were designed, built and investigated. Those prototypes present different sizes, reduction ratio and precession angle. Investigations, described in the paper, helped to determine the gear efficiency rate as well as the maximal torque that could be transferred for the given rotary speed.
This paper presents also the conception of the design of a novel double stage precession magnetic gear with face neodymium magnets. The results of the initial studies are the background of the further research in the field of magnetic precession type transmission.
Experimental Analysis for the Anisotropic Flows in Cancellous Bone
Authors: Ito Makoto , Tupin Simon , Anzai Hitomi , Suzuki Anna , Ohta Makoto 
Published: January 2018

Cancellous bone contains bone marrow where hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are produced. Those cells represent an interest in the treatment of leukemia during which transplantation of bone marrow is performed to replace patient degraded cells. HSCs are usually harvested by a puncture in the cancellous bone of the donor’s ilium using a needle. However, this procedure can cause severe burden to the donor because of its high invasiveness. The flow of bone marrow is strongly related to the harvesting of HSCs and permeability is one of the major parameters to characterize cancellous bone. Previous researches have already shown an anisotropy of permeability in femur, whereas punctures are usually performed in the iliac cancellous bone.
The objective of this paper is to characterize the anisotropic permeability of iliac cancellous bone.
Digital images of a porcine iliac cancellous bone sample were obtained by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), and three locations were selected to fabricate bone models, reproduced by 3D printing at three times magnification. To compare the structure of manufactured models, porosity and its variations along X, Y and Z direction were evaluated from micro-CT images.
To measure permeability, a specific perfusion system was developed. The pressure drop between the upstream and the downstream of bone models were measured at different flow rates, reaching a Reynolds number of 27–158, appropriate for the aspiration condition. Darcy-Forchheimer’s law was then applied to calculate the permeability and Forchheimer coefficient of bone models.
Results revealed different porosities and resultant permeabilities for each bone nodels. A positive correlation links those two parameters. Different fluctuations of porosity were evaluated along each direction although no significant difference of average porosity was observed. On the other hand, different permeabilities and Forchheimer coefficients were measured in each direction with various degrees of anisotropy. Permeabilities in three orthogonal directions of the model ranged from 1.96 × 10−10 to 4.29 × 10−10 m2. Results indicate that transport properties in cancellous bone depend on the flow directions. The anisotropy of permeability can be used for evaluation of flow in cancellous bone.
Combating Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii by an Optimized Imipenem-plus-Tobramycin Dosage Regimen: Prospective Validation via Hollow-Fiber Infection and Mathematical Modeling
Authors: Landersdorfer Cornelia B. , Yadav Rajbharan , Rogers Kate E. , Kim Tae Hwan , Shin Beom Soo , Boyce John D. , Nation Roger L. , Bulitta Jürgen B. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

We aimed to prospectively validate an optimized combination dosage regimen against a clinical carbapenem-resistant
Acinetobacter baumannii
(CRAB) isolate (imipenem MIC, 32 mg/liter; tobramycin MIC, 2 mg/liter). Imipenem at constant concentrations (7.6, 13.4, and 23.3 mg/liter, reflecting a range of clearances) was simulated in a 7-day hollow-fiber infection model (inoculum, ∼10
7.2
CFU/ml) with and without tobramycin (7 mg/kg q24h, 0.5-h infusions). While monotherapies achieved no killing or failed by 24 h, this rationally optimized combination achieved >5 log
10
bacterial killing and suppressed resistance.
Development and validation of an instrument for measuring the burden of medicine on functioning and well-being: the Medication-Related Burden Quality of Life (MRB-QoL) tool
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed A , Moles Rebekah J , Hilmer Sarah N , Kouladjian O’Donnel Lisa , Chen Timothy F 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveMedication-related burden (MRB) is a negative experience with medicine, which may impact on psychological, social, physical and financial well-being of an individual. This study describes the development and initial validation of an instrument specifically designed to measure MRB on functioning and well-being—the Medication-Related Burden Quality of Life (MRB-QoL) tool.MethodsAn initial pool of 76-items for MRB-QoL was generated. The link to MRB-QoL survey was sent to a sample of consumers living with at least one chronic medical condition and taking ≥3 prescription medicines on a regular basis. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to determine the underlining factor structure. Internal consistency (Cronbach’s α) and construct validity were examined. The latter was examined through correlation with Medication Regimen Complexity Index (MRCI), Drug Burden Index (DBI) and Charlson’s Comorbidity Index (CCI).Results367 consumers completed the survey (51.2% male). EFA resulted in a 31-item, five-factor solution explaining 72% of the total variance. The five subscales were labelled as ‘Routine and Regimen Complexity’ (11 items), ‘Psychological Burden’ (six items), ‘Functional and Role Limitation’ (seven items), ‘Therapeutic Relationship’ (three items) and ‘Social Burden’ (four items). All subscales showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α 0.87 to 0.95). Discriminant validity of MRB-QoL was demonstrated via its correlations with MRCI (Spearman’s r −0.16 to 0.08), DBI (r 0.12 to 0.28) and CCI (r −0.23 to −0.15). Correlation between DBI and ‘Functional and Role Limitation’ subscale (r 0.36) indicated some evidence of convergent validity. Patients with polypharmacy, multiple morbidity and DBI >0 had higher median scores of MRB-QoL providing evidence for known group validity.ConclusionsThe MRB-QoL V.1 has good construct validity and internal consistency. The MRB-QoL may be a useful humanistic measure for evaluating the impact of pharmaceutical care interventions on patients’ quality of life. Future research is warranted to further examine additional psychometric properties of MRB-QoL V.1 and its utility in patient care.
Patient satisfaction with hospital care and nurses in England: an observational study
Authors: Aiken Linda H , Sloane Douglas M , Ball Jane , Bruyneel Luk , Rafferty Anne Marie , Griffiths Peter 
Published: January 2018

ObjectivesTo inform healthcare workforce policy decisions by showing how patient perceptions of hospital care are associated with confidence in nurses and doctors, nurse staffing levels and hospital work environments.DesignCross-sectional surveys of 66 348 hospital patients and 2963 inpatient nurses.SettingPatients surveyed were discharged in 2010 from 161 National Health Service (NHS) trusts in England. Inpatient nurses were surveyed in 2010 in a sample of 46 hospitals in 31 of the same 161 trusts.ParticipantsThe 2010 NHS Survey of Inpatients obtained information from 50% of all patients discharged between June and August. The 2010 RN4CAST England Nurse Survey gathered information from inpatient medical and surgical nurses.Main outcome measuresPatient ratings of their hospital care, their confidence in nurses and doctors and other indicators of their satisfaction. Missed nursing care was treated as both an outcome measure and explanatory factor.ResultsPatients’ perceptions of care are significantly eroded by lack of confidence in either nurses or doctors, and by increases in missed nursing care. The average number of types of missed care was negatively related to six of the eight outcomes—ORs ranged from 0.78 (95% CI 0.68 to 0.90) for excellent care ratings to 0.86 (95% CI 0.77 to 0.95) for medications completely explained—positively associated with higher patient-to-nurse ratios (b=0.15, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.19), and negatively associated with better work environments (b=−0.26, 95% CI −0.48 to −0.04).ConclusionsPatients’ perceptions of hospital care are strongly associated with missed nursing care, which in turn is related to poor professional nurse (RN) staffing and poor hospital work environments. Improving RN staffing in NHS hospitals holds promise for enhancing patient satisfaction.
KRAS Oncoprotein Expression Is Regulated by a Self-Governing eIF5A-PEAK1 Feed-Forward Regulatory Loop
Authors: Fujimura Ken , Wang Huawei , Watson Felicia , Klemke Richard L. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
There remains intense interest in tractable approaches to target or silence the KRAS oncoprotein as a rational therapeutic strategy to attack pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and other cancers that overexpress it. Here we provide evidence that accumulation of the KRAS oncoprotein is controlled by a self-regulating feed-forward regulatory loop that utilizes a unique hypusinated isoform of the translation elongation factor eIF5A and the tyrosine kinase PEAK1. Oncogenic activation of KRAS increased eIF5A–PEAK1 translational signaling, which in turn facilitated increased KRAS protein synthesis. Mechanistic investigations show that this feed-forward positive regulatory pathway was controlled by oncogenic KRAS-driven metabolic demands, operated independently of canonical mTOR signaling, and did not involve new KRAS gene transcription. Perturbing eIF5A–PEAK1 signaling, by genetic or pharmacologic strategies or by blocking glutamine synthesis, was sufficient to inhibit expression of KRAS, eIF5A, and PEAK1, to attenuate cancer cell growth and migration, and to block tumor formation in established preclinical mouse models of PDAC. Levels of KRAS, eIF5A, and PEAK1 protein increased during cancer progression with the highest levels of expression observed in metastatic cell populations. Combinatorial targeting of eIF5A hypusination and the RAS–ERK signaling pathway cooperated to attenuate KRAS expression and its downstream signaling along with cell growth in vitro and tumor formation in vivo. Collectively, our findings highlight a new mechanistic strategy to attenuate KRAS expression as a therapeutic strategy to target PDAC and other human cancers driven by KRAS activation.
Significance: These findings highlight a new mechanistic strategy to attenuate KRAS expression as a therapeutic strategy to target human cancers driven by KRAS activation. Cancer Res; 78(6); 1444–56. ©2018 AACR.
Decision Analytic Markov Model Weighting Expected Benefits and Current Limitations of First-Generation Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffolds
Authors: Capodanno Davide , Buccheri Sergio , Romano Sara , Capranzano Piera , Francaviglia Bruno , Tamburino Corrado 
Published: January 2018

Background—
Relative benefits of bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVS) compared with everolimus-eluting stents (EES) are expected to accrue after complete bioresorption.

Methods and Results—
We built a decision analytic Markov model comparing BVS and EES for a contemporary percutaneous coronary intervention population. Procedure-related morbidity and outcome data from the available literature were used to derive model probabilities. The net benefit of BVS and EES was estimated in terms of quality-adjusted life expectancy. Under the assumption of no risk for device thrombosis and target lesion revascularization with BVS beyond 3 years, the equipoise in quality-adjusted life expectancy (12.86) between BVS and EES was achieved 19 years after implantation. The maximum tolerable excess risk of 3-year BVS thrombosis equalizing the model-predicted quality-adjusted life expectancy of BVS and EES at 10 years was 1.40, corresponding to an absolute tolerable rate of 1.45%.

Conclusions—
At the currently observed relative increase in device thrombosis and under the extreme hypothesis of no scaffold thrombosis and target lesion revascularization beyond 3 years, the incremental benefit of BVS over EES becomes apparent only after 19 years. This simulation suggests that there is a small degree of benefit that clinicians and decision-makers may expect from the first-generation BVS at the current risk of device thrombosis. Manufacturers should target scaffold thrombosis rates <1.45% at 3 years to make their technologies attractive during a 10-year horizon.
Etanercept
Authors: Cada Dennis J. , Baker Danial E. 
Published: January 2018

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary® Monograph Service receive five to six researched monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late Phase III trials. The monographs are targeted to your Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee. Subscribers also receive monthly one-page summary monographs on the agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation (DUE) is also provided each month. The monographs are published in printed form and on diskettes that allow customization. Subscribers to the The Formulary Monograph Service also receive access to a pharmacy bulletin board called The Formulary Information Exchange (The F.I.X). All topics pertinent to clinical pharmacy are discussed on The F.I.X. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. If you would like information about The Formulary Monograph Service or The F.I.X., call The Formulary at 800-322-4349. The April 1999 Formulary monographs include cilostazol, altretinoin, rosiglitazone, oxcarbazepine, and rabeprazole. The DUE is on cilostazol.
Demand for and Supply of Drugs among School Youth. An Evaluation of the Swedish Dare Program
Authors: Lindström Peter , Svensson Robert 
Published: January 2018

Illicit drug use among high school students is on the rise in Sweden as well as in other countries. This fact has put high demand on the police, who are not only expected to reduce the availability of drugs but also to take part in the effort to affect the students' demand for drugs. The aim of this study was to analyze what impact students' demand for and perceived availability of illicit drugs in the seventh grade have on their attitudes towards and experience with drugs in the eigth grade. Moreover, the purpose was to investigate to what extent a specific police-led school-based drug prevention program, the project DARE (Drug Abuse Resistance Education), affects students' attitudes and experiences regarding drugs. As a part in an ongoing evaluation of the Swedish DARE program (called VÅGA) about 1 800 students in 22 Swedish junior high schools on three occasions anonymously answered questions about their attitudes towards and experiences with drugs. Contextual analysis was used to estimate the significance of various student-level risk-factors (such as family bonding, school involvement, and peer activity) and school aggregated contextual factors. The results show that students' curiosity and perceived availability of illicit drugs at the school-level have statistically significant effects on drug-related attitudes and experiences at the individual-student level. The attitudes towards and experiences with drugs in the eigth grade of students who participated in the DARE program in the seventh grade were not different from those of students who did not participate in the program. A brief discussion of what measures the police should conduct in order to block the availability of drugs and what their role in schools should be are finally presented.