bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Residents’ Experiences and Perspectives on Teaching Medical Students: A National Survey
Authors: Villanueva Eric W. , Rydberg Leslie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract:
Resident teaching of medical students is integral to medical education; however, there are few studies surveying residents, especially U.S. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R) residents, about their perspectives on teaching medical students. This descriptive survey study consisted of a 23-item cross sectional survey to elicit the current state of medical student teaching by PM&R residents and formal education for PM&R residents on teaching medical students. During an eight-week period, 103 PM&R residents completed a web-based survey, which was distributed to residents via emails to PM&R residency program directors and coordinators. Ninety-seven (94.1%) respondents reported teaching medical students. A majority of these respondents (81.4%) reported favoring formalized education on medical student teaching; however, little more than half (51.5%) reported having that education. Majorities of residents with and without formal education on teaching medical students reported employing multiple teaching techniques to teach students in the clinical and non-clinical environments. The most commonly reported barrier to teaching students was time. While limited by study design and sample size, this study suggests that the availability of formalized education for PM&R residents on medical student teaching may not meet the needs or desires of residents.
Comparison of Diagnostic Accuracies of Commonly Used Trial of Void Parameters
Authors: Shinnick Julia K. , Raker Christina A. , Geller Elizabeth J. , Rardin Charles R. , Cooper Anne C. 
Published: October 2024

Importance
Understanding the diagnostic accuracy of postoperative trial of void (TOV) parameters is important for decision making related to postoperative catheterization.

Objective
The aim of the study was to compare the diagnostic accuracies of common postoperative TOV parameters.

Design
The study population comprised a prospective cohort undergoing outpatient urogynecologic procedures at a tertiary referral center from September 2018 to June 2021. Participants recorded their postvoid residual volume (PVR), voided volume, and subjective force of stream (sFOS) for all postoperative voids until meeting criteria to stop. The primary outcome was the sensitivity of TOV parameters in predicting postoperative urinary retention, defined as PVR ≥1/2 voided volume on the first 2 postoperative voids. Sample size was set at 183 to detect a 20% difference (α = 0.05, β = 0.2, up to 20% with missing data) in sensitivity between TOV parameters. Diagnostic accuracies were compared with McNemar’s test for paired proportions, with Youden’s index calculated to determine optimal thresholds.

Results
The 160 participants had a mean age of 52.1 ± 11.4 years and a mean body mass index of 28.9 ± 5.8 kg/m2 (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared). Mean preoperative PVR was 25.8 ± 29.9 mL. Most participants had surgery that included a midurethral sling (137/160, 85.6%). Thirty-four (34/160, 21.3%) participants met criteria for postoperative urinary retention. The optimal recovery room TOV thresholds to predict postoperative urinary retention were PVR ≥87 mL (sensitivity 96.8%, specificity 60.0%), voided volume ≤ 150 mL (sensitivity 83.9%, specificity 72.3%), and sFOS ≤60% (sensitivity 100%, specificity 50.8%). Voided volume ≤ 150 mL had greater diagnostic accuracy than PVR ≥100 mL (156.2 vs 151.8).

Conclusions
In this cohort, PVR ≥87 mL, voided volume ≤ 150 mL, and sFOS ≤60% had optimal diagnostic accuracy for postoperative urinary retention.
Improving midwives’ management of occiput-posterior fetal positions: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Gutierrez-Martin Maria Jesus , del Campo-Sanz Yolanda , Conde-Sanz Almudena , Fernadez-Gamazo Maria Montserrat , Garcimartin-Galica Virginia , Gomez De Enterria-Cuesta Maria Eugenia , Gonzalez-Hernandez Maria , Lobo-Perez Ernesto , Sanchez-Peña Maria Inmaculada 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
The occiput-posterior (OP) fetal position is the most frequent form of labor dystocia. This position has been associated with delaying the second stage of labor and adverse outcomes.

Objectives:
This project aimed to improve the quality of intrapartum care provided by midwives for OP fetal positions during the second stage of labor.

Methods:
This best practice implementation project was conducted at the Río Hortega University Hospital in Valladolid, Spain. The project followed the JBI Evidence Implementation Framework, which is based on an audit, feedback, and re-audit process. Current practices were compared against best practices in a baseline audit using 13 audit criteria. Barriers to compliance with best practices were identified and improvement strategies were implemented. An initial follow-up audit was carried out after 4 months to avoid secondary bias. After another 4 months, a second follow-up audit was conducted. Data were collected and compared using the JBI Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System (JBI PACES).

Results:
The results revealed an improvement in all structure criteria (1–3), five of the process criteria (4-6, 8, 10), and all results criteria (11–13). One process criterion (8) reached maximum compliance in all audits. A key finding was the inadequate recording of upright positions (criterion 7) and the interpretation of cardiotocography (criterion 9).

Conclusions:
Evidence-based interventions for managing OP labor improved the quality of care and underlined the importance of ongoing training for midwives. Additional studies are required on positions and fetal monitoring during labor.

Spanish abstract:

http://links.lww.com/IJEBH/A279
Remedial angioplasty or stenting for acute basilar artery occlusion: A Post Hoc Analysis of the ATTENTION Trial
Authors: Guo Zhiliang , Liu Xuehan , Yu Shuhong , Tao Chunrong , Xu Pengfei , Zhang Chao , Hu Wei , Xiao Guodong 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUNDWhether remedial angioplasty or stenting (RAS) improves clinical outcomes of patients with basilar artery occlusion (BAO) undergoing endovascular treatment (EVT) is controversial. This study aimed to investigate the impact of RAS on prognosis in acute BAO.METHODSThis post-hoc analysis derived from the ATTENTION study. Patients undergoing EVT were categorized in the RAS group if they received balloon angioplasty, stent implantation, or balloon plus stenting. The primary outcome was favorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale score of 0–3) at 90 days. Safety outcomes included death within 90 days and any intracranial hemorrhage within 24 h. Control of confounders using inverse probability processing weighting (IPTW).RESULTSA total of 221 patients with BAO experiencing EVT were included, of whom 104 (47.06%) received RAS. Multivariate analysis by IPTW adjustment showed that there was no significant difference in favorable outcome between the two groups (OR, 0.81, 95% CI, 0.55, 1.19;P=0.282). But RAS was associated with decreased risk of excellent outcome (OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.45-0.98;P=0.042) and functional independence (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.42-0.98;P=0.043). Regarding safety outcomes, the RAS group had a significantly lower incidence of any intracranial hemorrhage within 24 h (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.28-0.92;P=0.027). However, there was little difference in 90-day mortality between the two groups. In non-atherosclerotic populations, RAS is usually associated with a worse clinical prognosis; however, this phenomenon has not been found in atherosclerotic populations (allP<0.05 for the stroke etiology×RAS interaction). In RAS patients, we find that there was no difference in functional or safety outcomes between only balloon angioplasty (52 patients) compared with other remedy group (52 patients).CONCLUSIONSDespite the fact that RAS is secure, it didn’t further improve favorable outcomes of patients with BAO undergoing EVT; particularly in the non-atherosclerotic population. In patients with RAS, balloon angioplasty alone is an appropriate remedial technique, additional stent implantation may not be required.
Contextual factors and implementation strategies for a multi-level community-based sodium reduction intervention in Chicago’s South Side: A qualitative study
Authors: Sanuade Olutobi A. , Carroll Allison J. , Watson Ricky , Ye Jiancheng , Hill Jennie , Chipman Jonathan , Wilson Fernando , King Andy J. , Kho Abel , Del Fiol Guilherme , Davis Paris , Smith Justin D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundExcessive sodium intake exacerbates rates of hypertension. African American adults have higher rates of hypertension in part due to a higher-sodium diet. The multi-level Communication for Behavioral Impact for Sodium Reduction (COMBI-SR) community-based intervention effectively reduces sodium intake in international settings, but it has not yet been implemented and tested in the U.S. This study explored the contextual factors (barriers/facilitators) and implementation strategies for COMBI-SR in Chicago’s South Side neighborhood–an area with high rates of hypertension.MethodsData were gathered between May and November 2023, through qualitative interviews and focus groups with 40 local participants, including community members, faith-based leaders, and healthcare professionals. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) 2.0 guided the development of semi-structured interview guides. Thematic analysis was performed with coding based on CFIR 2.0 constructs (contextual factors) and the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) compilation of implementation strategies.ResultsKey barriers included a lack of awareness of sodium content in foods, socioeconomic disparities limiting access to healthy options, and cultural dietary traditions. Facilitators included strong community partnerships, engaged faith-based organizations, and openness to integrating technology, such as a mobile app, to help monitor and reduce sodium intake. Specific strategies to support sodium reduction involved simplifying public health messages, offering low sodium cooking demonstrations, promoting healthier food options through community outreach, and providing personalized education on reading nutrition labels and managing sodium intake.ConclusionSuccessful implementation of COMBI-SR in Chicago’s South Side requires addressing financial, educational, and cultural barriers while leveraging trusted community structures to promote sustainable sodium reduction. These findings will guide future efforts to implement COMBI-SR in the U.S. and improve cardiovascular health.
Tissue-adapted Tregs harness inflammatory signals to promote intestinal repair from therapy-related injury
Authors: Fischer Julius C. , Göttert Sascha , Heinrich Paul , Walther Caroline N. , Fan Kaiji , Eisenkolb Gabriel , Nefzger Sophie M. , Giller Maximilian , Khalid Omer , Timnik Vincent Ruben , Jarosch Sebastian , Klostermeier Lena , Engleitner Thomas , Strieder Nicholas , Gebhard Claudia , Diederich Sarah , Schmid Nicole Alisa , Rotgerink Laura Lansink , Joachim Laura , Ghimire Sakhila , Remke Marianne , Steiger Katja , Öllinger Rupert , Rad Roland , Wolff Daniel , Feuerer Markus , Hoffmann Petra , Edinger Matthias , Rehli Michael , Tschurtschenthaler Markus , Kepp Oliver , Kroemer Guido , Orberg Erik Thiele , Combs Stephanie E. , Herr Wolfgang , Bassermann Florian , Busch Dirk H. , Holler Ernst , Heidegger Simon , Poeck Hendrik 
Published: October 2024

SummaryIntestinal stem cells (ISC) promote tissue repair after genotoxic or immune-mediated injury. However, ISCs are particularly sensitive to various stressors and primary targets of overwhelming immune responses such as interferon-γ (IFNγ)-mediated killing. In mouse models of gut damage and biopsies from patients having undergone allo-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, we observed IFNy expression by intestinal Tregcells. Tregcells leverage combined IFNγ and interleukin 10 (IL-10) stimulation of ISCs to nurture the growth of intestinal organoids through the activation of the mTORC1 and Myc pathways. Similarly, Tregcells or the combined addition of recombinant IFNγ and IL-10 promote the regeneration of organoids after irradiation. Exposure of organoids to Wnt- or EGF-free culture conditions revealed distinct growth factor-like properties of IFNγ and IL-10. While IFNγ induced epithelial proliferation and differentiation, combined addition of IFNγ and IL-10 led to balanced proliferation, ensuring ISC maintenance. Our results uncover a context-dependent role of inflammatory signaling in ISC, through which Tregcells promote epithelial repair.
Dantrolene inhibition of ryanodine receptor 1 carrying the severe malignant hyperthermia mutation Y522S visualized by cryo-EM
Authors: Iyer Kavita A. , Kobayashi Takuya , Murayama Takashi , Samsó Montserrat 
Published: October 2024

SUMMARYMutations in the skeletal isoform of the ryanodine receptor (RyR1) pose grave risks during anesthesia or treatment with succinylcholine muscle relaxants. These can trigger a potentially lethal malignant hyperthermia (MH) episode via intracellular calcium increase mainly from RyR1 channel leakage. Dantrolene is the primary antidote to prevent death. The main target of dantrolene is RyR1, however little is known about the mechanism of inhibition. Cryo-EM of dantrolene bound to the severe MH Y522S RyR1 mutant in the closed and open states at 2.5-3.3 Å resolution revealed that the drug binds to the channel’s cytoplasmic assembly, far from the ion gate, interacting with residues W882, W996 and R1000 in the P1 domain. The finding was validated by Ca2+imaging and [3H]ryanodine binding in WT and alanine mutants. Dantrolene reduced channel opening probability by restricting the central activation module, “cooling down” the primed conformation caused by the mutation. These findings shed light on dantrolene’s mechanism against MH and suggest avenues for developing more effective therapeutics.
Spatiotemporal lineage tracing reveals the dynamic spatial architecture of tumor growth and metastasis
Authors: Jones Matthew G. , Sun Dawei , Min Kyung Hoi (Joseph) , Colgan William N. , Tian Luyi , Weir Jackson A. , Chen Victor Z. , Koblan Luke W. , Yost Kathryn E. , Mathey-Andrews Nicolas , Russell Andrew J.C. , Stickels Robert R. , Balderrama Karol S. , Rideout William M. , Chang Howard Y. , Jacks Tyler , Chen Fei , Weissman Jonathan S. , Yosef Nir , Yang Dian 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTTumor progression is driven by dynamic interactions between cancer cells and their surrounding microenvironment. Investigating the spatiotemporal evolution of tumors can provide crucial insights into how intrinsic changes within cancer cells and extrinsic alterations in the microenvironment cooperate to drive different stages of tumor progression. Here, we integrate high-resolution spatial transcriptomics and evolving lineage tracing technologies to elucidate how tumor expansion, plasticity, and metastasis co-evolve with microenvironmental remodeling in aKras;p53-driven mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma. We find that rapid tumor expansion contributes to a hypoxic, immunosuppressive, and fibrotic microenvironment that is associated with the emergence of pro-metastatic cancer cell states. Furthermore, metastases arise from spatially-confined subclones of primary tumors and remodel the distant metastatic niche into a fibrotic, collagen-rich microenvironment. Together, we present a comprehensive dataset integrating spatial assays and lineage tracing to elucidate how sequential changes in cancer cell state and microenvironmental structures cooperate to promote tumor progression.
Overcoming artificial structures in resolution-enhanced Hi-C data by signal decomposition and multi-scale attention
Authors: Li Qinyao , Li Kelly Yichen , Nicoletti Chiara , Puri Pier Lorenzo , Cao Qin , Yip Kevin Y. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractComputational enhancement is an important strategy for inferring high-resolution features from genome-wide chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) data, which typically have limited resolution. Deep learning has been highly successful in this task but we show that it creates prevalent artificial structures in the enhanced data due to the need to divide the large contact matrix into small patches. In addition, previous deep learning methods largely focus on local patterns, which cannot fully capture the complexity of Hi-C data. Here we propose Smooth, High-resolution, and Accurate Reconstruction of Patterns (SHARP) for enhancing Hi-C data. It uses the novel approach of decomposing the data into three types of signals, due to one-dimensional proximity, contiguous domains, and other fine structures, and applies deep learning only to the third type of signals, such that enhancement of the first two is unaffected by the patches. For the deep learning part, SHARP uses both local and global attention mechanisms to capture multi-scale contextual information. We compare SHARP with state-of-the-art methods extensively, including application to data from new samples and another species, and show that SHARP has superior performance in terms of resolution enhancement accuracy, avoiding creation of artificial structures, identifying significant interactions, and enrichment in chromatin states.
Optimizing Research Data Acquisition with Smart Pill Bottles (SPBs), the ORDAS Trial: A Feasibility and Implementation Study Protocol
Authors: Daccache Nicolas , Zako Joe , Burey Julien , Verdonck Olivier , Carrier François Martin , Morisson Louis , Laferrière-Langlois Pascal 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionClinical trials are fundamental to advancing all areas of medicine. Despite their importance, trials are often expensive and time-consuming due to the need for extensive human resources, with limitations in cohort sizes and potential biases from loss of follow-up. Smart pill bottles (SPBs) offer a promising innovation by automating data collection, which could reduce costs and improve the granularity and accuracy of data. This technology may provide a more efficient alternative to traditional methods, streamlining data acquisition in clinical research.ObjectivesThis proof-of-concept study aims to assess the feasibility of using smart pill bottles (SPBs) to collect data on opioid consumption in a postoperative setting, comparing their cost- efficiency and data quality to traditional methods. We hypothesize that SPBs will be readily adopted by users and enable the collection of highly granular data with fewer missing data points, while reducing the costs associated with human resource-based data collection.Material and MethodsThis single-center, single-arm trial will enroll 69 patients aged 18 and above undergoing major abdominal surgery via laparotomy. Following recruitment, patients will complete web-based questionnaires assessing pain, comorbidities, and quality of life. Postoperatively, patients will receive an SPB, the Thess Therapy Smart System manufactured by Thess Corporate (France) and provided by AppMed Inc. (Canada) to monitor opioid consumption at home for up to 90 days. At the end of the study period, participants will use the web-based platform to complete the same questionnaires, an opioid compliance checklist and a product satisfaction survey. The primary outcome will be the percentage of patients who successfully use the SPB throughout the study period. Secondary outcomes will include the extent of automated data collection, data granularity, project costs, the incidence of persistent opioid consumption, and patient satisfaction with the SPB.Trial registrationclinicaltrials.gov(July 25th, 2024). Unique protocol ID: 2025-3801. NCT number:NCT06522698.
Cortical GABAergic neuron dysregulation in schizophrenia is age dependent
Authors: Kiss Daniel , Zhou Xiaolin , Arbabi Keon , Gonzalez Segura Alex , Endresz Nicole , Felsky Daniel , Diaconescu Andreea O. , Sibille Etienne , Tripathy Shreejoy J 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCortical GABAergic neuron dysregulation is implicated in schizophrenia (SCZ), but it remains unclear if these changes are due to altered cell proportions or per-cell mRNA changes. We analyzed bulk and cell type-specific RNAseq data from 1,302 individuals to assess SCZ- and age-associated changes in GABAergic interneurons across two neocortical regions. We found that younger SCZ cases (age < 70) showed reduced parvalbumin (PVALB) and somatostatin (SST) cell proportions, while older SCZ cases showed increased proportions compared to controls. Earlier onset SCZ, associated with more severe clinical symptoms, was linked to greater reductions in these cell types. Additionally, there was cohort-specific evidence for reduced per-cell PVALB and SST mRNA in SCZ. Our findings underscore the importance of age-stratified analyses in SCZ, suggesting that distinct pathological processes underlie GABAergic neuron dysregulation across different age- and symptom-severity groups and warranting tailored therapeutic approaches.
Lower respiratory tract C. albicans induces lung injury in mice and associates with worse lung injury endpoints in humans
Authors: Tolman Nathanial J. , Choi Wonseok , Alder Jonathan K. , Tabary Mohammadreza , Qin Shulin , Wang Xiaohong , Zhang Yingze , Tu Yizeng , Sharma Lokesh , Bon Jessica , Robinson Keven , Snyder Mark , Cruz Charles Dela , Nguyen Minh Hong , Morris Alison , Biswas Partha , Bain William , Kitsios Georgios D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe recovery ofCandidaspecies (spp.) from lower respiratory tract (LRT) secretions in critically ill patients has traditionally been considered benign. However, emerging evidence suggests thatCandidain the LRT may be associated with adverse clinical outcomes during mechanical ventilation. To investigate the impact ofCandidaon lung injury in mice, we performed intratracheal inoculation ofC. albicansand assessed for lung barrier function. We found that intratrachealC. albicanspotentiated lung barrier disruption by lipopolysaccharide. Furthermore, intratrachealC. albicansalone was sufficient to induce lung injury, marked by neutrophil airspace recruitment and barrier disruption. IntratrachealC. albicansexposure in neutrophil depleted mice (PMNDTR) exacerbated lung injury and led to fungal dissemination. In lung epithelial cell culture,C. albicanscaused significant lung epithelial cytotoxicity, which was attenuated with heat-killed and yeast-locked (TNRG1)C. albicansstrains. Human data corroborated our murine model findings, demonstrating elevated biomarkers of epithelial lung injury and worse lung injury endpoints among patients with LRTCandidaspp. Our study challenges the dogma that LRTCandidais harmless, suggesting thatC. albicanscan both directly cause lung injury and exacerbate lung injury from other insults. Elucidating these host-pathogen interactions may uncover new therapeutic targets in the management of acute respiratory failure in critically ill patients.