bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eight challenges of servitisation for the configuration, measurement and management of organisations
Authors: Nudurupati Sai S. , Lascelles David , Wright Gillian , Yip Nick 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
There is an extensive research literature on servitisation and the related field of product-service systems that has emerged independently from different fields including engineering, management, design and environmental studies. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a structured literature review to explore, identify and synthesise the multi-disciplinary research challenges in the journey towards servitisation.

Design/methodology/approach
The research approach is a systematic literature review using key word searches and citation tracking for research reported between 1990 and 2013 in research databases that cover the fields which have generated the body of knowledge.

Findings
One of the key findings from the extant literature on servitisation is that it suffers from three fundamental weaknesses. First, numerous studies are conceptual in nature with limited practicality. Second, there are relatively few empirical studies, and often the findings relate to a single case study based on the insights of a limited number of senior managers. Third, often the dynamics are insufficiently studied in these organisations because data for most cases are collected post-event.

Research limitations/implications
Based on the literature review and its shortfalls, this paper proposes a holistic framework of eight themes that require further attention from academic researchers in order that a more complete conceptual understanding of servitisation is developed to support practice.

Practical implications
Each theme in the framework has an associated list of questions that can be addressed through research and presented to managers as a challenge agenda to improve their servitisation efforts. That servitisation is associated with differentiation and competitive advantage makes this a valuable approach for managing corporate performance.

Originality/value
Research from multi-disciplinary sources is synergised in order to develop an overarching servitisation agenda that transcends domain-based boundaries. This paves the way for an approach to servitisation that is coherent and harmonious.
Brand meaning cocreation: toward a conceptualization and research implications
Authors: Tierney Kieran D. , Karpen Ingo O. , Westberg Kate 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to consolidate and advance the understanding of brand meaning and the evolving process by which it is determined by introducing and explicating the concept of brand meaning cocreation (BMCC).

Design/methodology/approach
In-depth review and integration of literature from branding, cocreation, service systems, and practice theory. To support deep theorizing, the authors also examine the role of institutional logics in the BMCC process in framing interactions and brand meaning outcomes.

Findings
Prior research is limited in that it neither maps the process of cocreation within which meanings emerge nor provides theoretical conceptualizations of brand meaning or the process of BMCC. While the literature acknowledges that brand meaning is influenced by multiple interactions, their nature and how they contribute to BMCC have been overlooked.

Research limitations/implications
This paper reveals a significant gap in knowledge of how brand meaning is cocreated, despite the essential role of brand meaning for firm success and increasing academic interest in the notion of cocreation. Ultimately, this paper builds a conceptual foundation for empirical research in this regard.

Originality/value
This paper proposes that brand meaning is cocreated through the interconnection of different social and service systems, across system levels, time, and geographic space. Marketing theory is advanced by outlining a set of research propositions pertaining to the BMCC process. The authors consider how discrete actor-based brand meanings contribute to an overall brand gestalt and how such a gestalt potentially evolves along a continuum. Additionally, the authors provide a managerially and theoretically relevant research agenda to guide much needed empirical research into BMCC.
Aliskiren protects against myocardial ischaemia‐reperfusion injury via an endothelial nitric oxide synthase dependent manner
Authors: Chen Yu , Meng Guoliang , Bai Wenli , Ma Yan , Xie Liping , Altaf Naila , Qian Yanning , Han Yi , Ji Yong 
Published: November 2016

SummaryAliskiren, a direct renin inhibitor, has shown potent ability to attenuate hypertension. Our previous research has found that aliskiren protected against myocardial ischaemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury and enhanced phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in spontaneously hypertensive rats. However, whether the cardioprotective effect of aliskiren against myocardial I/R injury was eNOS‐dependent is unknown. In the present study, 12‐week‐old male eNOS knockout (eNOS−/−) and wild‐type C57BL/6J mice (WT) were orally administrated with the dose of 50 mg/kg per day of aliskiren. After a 4‐week treatment, aliskiren decreased blood pressure in eNOS−/− mice, and reduced renin‐angiotension II levels in both eNOS−/− and WT mice. Aliskiren also improved left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS), decreased myocardial infarct size, reduced creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in plasma, attenuated dihydroethidium (DHE) fluorescence and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC) in myocardium, increased SOD and thioredoxin (Trx) proteins expression in WT mice subjected to 30 minutes of ischaemia followed by reperfusion for 24 hours. However, aliskiren failed to restore all of the above indices in eNOS−/− mice subjected to the same I/R injury. Our study indicated that aliskiren protected against myocardial I/R injury via an eNOS dependent manner.
Evaluation of the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative Soil Moisture Product over China Using Variance Reduction Factor
Authors: Shen Xiaoji , An Ru , Quaye‐Ballard Jonathan Arthur , Zhang Ling , Wang Zhe 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this study, we evaluated the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative soil moisture product v02.1 (ESA CCI SM v02.1) using in situ observations collected at 547 stations in China from 1991 to 2013. A conventional validation was first conducted, and the triple collocation errors of ESA CCI SM and the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting reanalysis data were approximately 0.053 and 0.050 m3/m3, respectively. To obtain more reliable validation results, the average soil moisture of the in situ observations per ESA CCI SM pixel was also used as the validation sites. Variance reduction factor (VRF) was adopted to quantify the accuracy of the soil moisture validation sites, and the average VRF was estimated at 4.88%. The validation results were enhanced by excluding validation sites with VRF errors greater than 5% from the statistical analysis. Although the ESA CCI SM underestimated the in situ observations with a Bias of 0.05 m3/m3, a moderately high correlation coefficient of 0.44 and a relatively small unbiased root‐mean‐square difference of 0.05 m3/m3 were observed. This study provides information on the utilization of ESA CCI SM for ecological protection, climate change, and hydrological forecasting. It also suggests the adoption of VRF for future error corrections of satellite‐based products.
Salidroside protects against homocysteine‐induced injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells via the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Zhu Lin , Jia Fang , Wei Jiang , Yu Yang , Yu Tianhong , Wang Yanjun , Sun Jianhui , Luo Guanghua 
Published: November 2016

SummaryIntroductionPrevious studies showed that homocysteine (Hcy) could injure vascular endothelial cells via several mechanisms, including its promotion of oxidative stress pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) pathway. Salidroside (SAL) is an active component of Rhodiola rosea with documented antioxidative properties. Emerging evidence conformed that SAL attenuated Hcy‐induced endothelial dysfunction by reducing oxidative stress. However, its role in ER stress pathway remains unclarified.AimsThe purpose of this study was to explore the mechanism of the protective effect of SAL on Hcy‐induced endothelial dysfunction.ResultsPretreatment of the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with SAL significantly reduced the cell damage effects brought by Hcy in a dose‐dependent manner. Functional studies on the HUVECs found that SAL rescued the endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by Hcy. The underlying mechanisms involve the inhibition of Hcy‐induced activation of binding protein (Bip) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), as well as the phosphorylation of protein kinase RNA‐like ER kinase (PERK) or inositol‐requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1α).ConclusionsTaken together, these findings implicate that SAL could regulate ER stress pathway on the viability of endotheliocyte induced by Hcy in vitro. Our findings provide the first evidence that SAL plays an important role in endotheliocyte protection via suppressing ER stress pathway in HUVEC cells and that it may be a promising therapeutic target for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
Example‐Based Reasoning and Fact‐Weighting Guidance in Accounting Standards
Authors: Capps Greg , Koonce Lisa , White Brian J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe provision of examples as implementation guidance is pervasive in accounting standards. Prior research has established that preparers engage in “example‐based reasoning,” a tendency to favor the accounting treatment in an example, even when the example does not exactly match the transaction at hand. In this paper, we investigate whether fact‐weighting guidance counteracts this tendency. Such guidance, now found in some accounting standards, indicates whether particular transaction facts are more important than others in determining the appropriate accounting treatment. Using an experiment, we find that fact‐weighting guidance does reduce preparers' tendency to favor the accounting treatment in an example. However, results also suggest that some degree of example‐based reasoning persists even with fact‐weighting guidance, and that preparers are not fully aware of how fact‐weighting guidance affects their judgments. Our findings have practical implications. They suggest to standard setters a potential remedy—namely, fact‐weighting guidance—for the misuse of accounting examples. They also provide insights to accounting preparers regarding how fact‐weighting guidance influences their judgments in ways they may not anticipate.
Phosphatidylethanol in Postmortem Brain and Serum Ethanol at Time of Death
Authors: Thompson Peter M. , Hill‐Kapturczak Nathalie , Lopez‐Cruzan Marisa , Alvarado Luis A. , Dwivedi Alok K. , Javors Martin A. 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundPhosphatidylethanol (PEth) is a metabolite of ethanol (EtOH), and its concentration in whole blood samples is a direct biomarker of alcohol consumption. Because PEth is also present in the brain and incorporated in lipid membranes, it can be used to classify deceased individuals on alcohol consumption status at the time of death. The purpose of this study was to detect PEth homologs in postmortem brains of individuals known to have had alcohol use disorder (AUD) and to determine the relationship between serum alcohol at the time of death and PEth in the cerebellum (CE) and orbital frontal cortex (OFC).MethodsPostmortem brain was collected and stored according to standard protocol. Psychiatric symptoms experienced prior to death were obtained by next of kin psychological autopsy to categorize subjects. Thirty male subjects were chosen for analyses: 10 with AUD with positive serum EtOH levels present at time of autopsy (AUD‐W), 10 with AUD without positive serum EtOH levels (AUD‐WO), and 10 controls. PEth 16:0/18:1 and 16:0/18:2 were quantified in 50 mg of CE and OFC of human postmortem brain using HPLC and mass spectrometric detection (triple quadrupole).ResultsResults of this study were as follows: (i) PEth 16:0/18:1 and 16:0/18:2 were detected in the CE and OFC of all subjects diagnosed with AUD, (ii) PEth 16:0/18:1 levels were about 10‐fold higher than PEth 16:0/18:2 in all subjects and both areas of brain, (iii) AUD‐W subjects had higher PEth homolog levels in CE and OFC than controls and AUD‐WO subjects, (iv) PEth 16:0/18:1, but not PEth 16:0/18:2, levels in CE and OFC of AUD‐W subjects correlated significantly with serum EtOH levels at the time of death.ConclusionsQuantification of combined PEth homolog levels in postmortem human brain is a good candidate as a diagnostic factor to classify drinking status, especially for those with AUD at the time of death. For alcohol research studies with postmortem brain, verification of drinking status is essential.
High serum dihydrotestosterone examined by ultrasensitive LC‐MS/MS as a predictor of benign prostatic hyperplasia or Gleason score 6 cancer in men with prostate‐specific antigen levels of 3–10 ng/mL
Authors: Miyoshi Y. , Uemura H. , Suzuki K. , Shibata Y. , Honma S. , Harada M. , Kubota Y. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThere has been no consensus on the role of serum androgen concentrations in prostate cancer detection in men with prostate‐specific antigen levels of 3–10 ng/mL. In this study, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone concentrations in blood were examined by a newly developed method using ultrasensitive liquid chromatography with two serially linked mass spectrometers (LC‐MS/MS). We investigated the correlation between serum androgen levels and Gleason scores at biopsy. We analyzed data of 157 men with a total prostate‐specific antigen range of 3–10 ng/mL who underwent initial systematic prostate needle biopsy for suspected prostate cancer between April 2000 and July 2003. Peripheral blood testosterone and dihydrotestosterone concentrations were determined by LC‐MS/MS. Blood levels of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone were compared with pathological findings by multivariate analyses. Median values of prostate‐specific antigen and prostate volume measured by ultrasound were 5.7 ng/mL and 31.4 cm3, respectively. Benign prostatic hyperplasia was diagnosed in 97 patients (61.8%), and prostate cancer was diagnosed in 60 (38.2%) patients, including 31 (19.7%) patients with a Gleason score of 6 and 29 (18.5%) patients with a Gleason score of 7–10. Median values of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in blood were 3798.7 and 371.7 pg/mL, respectively. There was a strong correlation between serum testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. In multivariate analysis, age, prostate volume, and serum dihydrotestosterone were significant predictors of benign prostatic hyperplasia or prostate cancer with a Gleason score of 6. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve for age, prostate volume, and serum dihydrotestosterone were 0.67, 0.67, and 0.67, respectively . We confirmed that high dihydrotestosterone blood levels can predict benign prostatic hyperplasia or prostate cancer with a Gleason score of 6 in men with prostate‐specific antigen levels of 3–10 ng/mL.
Metabolic syndrome and the seminal cytokine network in morbidly obese males
Authors: Pilatz A. , Hudemann C. , Wolf J. , Halefeld I. , Paradowska‐Dogan A. , Schuppe H.‐C. , Hossain H. , Jiang Q. , Schultheiss D. , Renz H. , Weidner W. , Wagenlehner F. , Linn T. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryGiven the increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in males of reproductive age, the objective of this prospective case–controlled study was to investigate the impact of subacute systemic inflammation associated with MetS on seminal cytokines and standard sperm parameters in comparison with healthy men. Between 2011 and 2014, we recruited 27 patients with MetS out of 41 obese patients screened from an internal outpatient clinic. Twenty‐seven age‐matched healthy controls were enrolled from 54 men requesting vasectomy in a urological outpatient clinic. A multiplex analysis was performed to quantify simultaneously the level of 30 cytokines (Eotaxin, FGF, Fraktalkine, GCSF, GMCSF, Granzyme A, IFN‐γ, IL‐1α, IL‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐7, IL‐8, IL‐9, IL‐10, IL‐12p70, IL‐13, IL‐17A, IL‐21, IP‐10, I‐TAC, MCP‐1, MIG, MIP‐1α, MIP‐1β, RANTES, TNF‐α, and VEGF) in each 50 μL of blood and seminal plasma during the andrological work‐up. Semen analysis was performed according to the WHO (Global status report on noncommunicable diseases, 2010) recommendations, including standard sperm parameters as well as peroxidase‐positive leukocytes and polymorphonuclear elastase. Blood levels of C‐reactive protein, interleukins 6 and 10 were elevated in MetS (p > 0.001). Two‐way hierarchical cluster analysis showed characteristic cytokine networks in semen greatly differing from those in blood, but not between MetS and controls. No deterioration of semen analysis was evident in men diagnosed with MetS. Our results suggest that there is no transmission of the systemic inflammation associated with MetS into semen based on cytokine profiles and that MetS does not impair standard semen parameters to a clinically significant extent.
Lacrimal gland ductal carcinomas: Clinical, Morphological and Genetic characterization and implications for targeted treatment
Authors: Andreasen Simon , Grauslund Morten , Heegaard Steffen 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPurposeDuctal carcinomas (DCs) of the lacrimal gland are very rare but aggressive malignancies. We investigated DC of the lacrimal gland for potentially clinically actionable targets in the search for new therapeutic options.MethodsCase 1: A 77‐year‐old man, presented with diplopia and xerophtalmia; case 2: A 53‐year‐old man, presented with headache, proptosis and chemosis and case 3: A 73‐year‐old man, presenting with chemosis and a corneal abscess. All three cases were characterized morphologically including immunohistochemistry and genetically with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and one case with next‐generation sequencing (NGS) of cancer relevant genes.ResultsCases 1 and 3 were composed of large, rounded, irregular cystic nodules of carcinoma cells with prominent central comedonecrosis, whereas case 2 had a scirrhous morphology. High expression of CK7, CK19, EMA, p53 and HER2 was characteristic for all three tumours. Androgen receptor was intensely positive in case 1, in scattered cells in case 2 and negative in case 3, whereas oestrogen and progesterone receptor were consistently negative. Genetically, a hemizygous deletion and a point mutation in PTEN were identified in case 1, whereas HER2 amplification was found in cases 2 and 3.ConclusionThis study identified a spectrum of genetic events and pattern of protein expression in DC of the lacrimal gland similar to a subset of carcinomas of the breast and ductal carcinomas of the salivary glands. For therapeutic purposes, aberrations in several components of especially the HER2 signalling pathway could alleviate the effect of HER2‐directed therapy illustrating an inadequacy of isolated HER2 testing.
Cutaneous exposure to hypoxia does not affect skin perfusion in humans
Authors: Siebenmann C. , Keramidas M. E. , Rundqvist H. , Mijwel S. , Cowburn A. S. , Johnson R. S. , Eiken O. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimExperiments have indicated that skin perfusion in mice is sensitive to reductions in environmental O2 availability. Specifically, a reduction in skin‐surface PO2 attenuates transcutaneous O2 diffusion, and hence epidermal O2 supply. In response, epidermal HIF‐1α expression increases and facilitates initial cutaneous vasoconstriction and subsequent nitric oxide‐dependent vasodilation. Here, we investigated whether the same mechanism exists in humans.MethodsIn a first experiment, eight males rested twice for 8 h in a hypobaric chamber. Once, barometric pressure was reduced by 50%, while systemic oxygenation was preserved by O2‐enriched (42%) breathing gas (HypoxiaSkin), and once barometric pressure and inspired O2 fraction were normal (Control1). In a second experiment, nine males rested for 8 h with both forearms wrapped in plastic bags. O2 was expelled from one bag by nitrogen flushing (AnoxiaSkin), whereas the other bag was flushed with air (Control2). In both experiments, skin blood flux was assessed by laser Doppler on the dorsal forearm, and HIF‐1α expression was determined by immunohistochemical staining in forearm skin biopsies.ResultsSkin blood flux during HypoxiaSkin and AnoxiaSkin remained similar to the corresponding Control trial (P = 0.67 and P = 0.81). Immunohistochemically stained epidermal HIF‐1α was detected on 8.2 ± 6.1 and 5.3 ± 5.7% of the analysed area during HypoxiaSkin and Control1 (P = 0.30) and on 2.3 ± 1.8 and 2.4 ± 1.8% during AnoxiaSkin and Control2 (P = 0.90) respectively.ConclusionReductions in skin‐surface PO2 do not affect skin perfusion in humans. The unchanged epidermal HIF‐1α expression suggests that epidermal O2 homoeostasis was not disturbed by HypoxiaSkin/AnoxiaSkin, potentially due to compensatory increases in arterial O2 extraction.
Postoperative symptomatic haematoma and pneumorrhachis in a dog with a thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion
Authors: Cornelis I , Monticelli P , De Decker S 
Published: November 2016

Case reportA 6‐year‐old male neutered crossbreed dog presented with acute onset paraparesis and was diagnosed with an L1–L2 intervertebral disc extrusion. A right‐sided T13–L2 hemilaminectomy was performed. However, the dog deteriorated and became paraplegic with marked thoracolumbar hyperaesthesia 48 h after surgery. A computed tomography scan of the thoracolumbar vertebral column revealed the presence of pneumorrhachis (PR) at the level of T13, possibly embedded in a haematoma, and causing marked spinal cord compression. Revision surgery confirmed the presence of a haematoma, which was removed. The dog gradually improved and was neurologically normal 6 weeks after surgery.ConclusionAlthough PR is a rare condition, it may be considered a possible cause for early postoperative neurological deterioration in dogs undergoing decompressive spinal surgery. Surgical revision resulted in a good outcome in the presented case.