bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the three laws of Agile
Authors: Denning Stephen 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
With Agile’s success in accelerating software products and services that customers valued and with the increasing importance of software in general business strategy, business leaders are increasingly turning to Agile for every aspect of their operations.

Design/methodology/approach
There are more than 70 different Agile practices. The author advises traditional managers on how to make sense of such a bewildering assortment of ideas.

Findings
His research found thatrganizations that have embraced Agile practice three core principles–The Law of the Small Team; The Law of the Customer; The Law of the Network.

Practical implications
The first and almost universal characteristic of Agile organizations is that practitioners share a mindset that work should be done in small autonomous cross-functional teams working in short cycles on relatively small tasks that deliver value to customers and getting continuous feedback from the ultimate customers or end users.

Originality/value
As a network, the organization becomes a growing, learning, adapting organism that is in constant flux to exploit new opportunities and add new value for customers. The future of Agile is ultimately about implementing the third principle: the whole organization operating as an interactive network. In the rapidly evolving “Connected Economy” the power of the network is increasing geometrically.
Four steps to re-ignite Japan’s innovation leadership
Authors: Ikeda Kazuaki , Marshall Anthony , Okamura Shuma 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
This analysis assesses the barriers to innovation Japanese executives must contend with and outlines key strategies to help their organizations, and all companies that seek to compete in global marketplaces, assume a leadership role in implementing a business ecosystem strategy.

Design/methodology/approach
To better understand the economic and management challenges Japan’s business leaders face and how they are addressing them, the IBM Institute for Business Value in collaboration with Oxford Economics conducted a survey of 1,151 Japanese executives across 17 industries.

Findings
While the strategy of opening up innovation processes to customers, partners and other stakeholders has been adopted successfully in many nations, Japanese organizations appear stuck in closed, insular innovation paradigms

Practical implications
Japanese organizations need to embrace entirely new customer value propositions, build new partnering arrangements and more effectively harness the power of innovation by taking four key sets of actions that: Re-imagine customer experience; Redefine business ecosystems; Promote ecosystem connectivity; Revitalize innovation governance.

Originality/value
A bold analysis of why Japanese business leaders largely ignore new forms of competition emanating from startups or emergent cross-industry players, even as traditional industries such as banking now anticipate massive technology-fueled disruption and how they can change.
Bacterial community collapse: a meta‐analysis of the sinonasal microbiota in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Wagner Mackenzie Brett , Waite David W. , Hoggard Michael , Douglas Richard G. , Taylor Michael W. , Biswas Kristi 
Published: November 2016

SummaryChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common, debilitating condition characterized by long‐term inflammation of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. The role of the sinonasal bacteria in CRS is unclear. We conducted a meta‐analysis combining and reanalysing published bacterial 16S rRNA sequence data to explore differences in sinonasal bacterial community composition and predicted function between healthy and CRS affected subjects. The results identify the most abundant bacteria across all subjects asStaphylococcus,Propionibacterium,Corynebacterium,Streptococcusand an unclassified lineage ofActinobacteria. The meta‐analysis results suggest that the bacterial community associated with CRS patients is dysbiotic and ecological networks fostering healthy communities are fragmented. Increased dispersion of bacterial communities, significantly lower bacterial diversity, and increased abundance of members of the genusCorynebacteriumare associated with CRS. Increased relative abundance and diversity of other members belonging to the phylumActinobacteriaand members from the generaPropionibacteriumdifferentiated healthy sinuses from those that were chronically inflamed. Removal ofBurkholderiaandPropionibacteriumphylotypes from the healthy community dataset was correlated with a significant increase in network fragmentation. This meta‐analysis highlights the potential importance of the generaBurkholderiaandPropionibacteriumas gatekeepers, whose presence may be important in maintaining a stable sinonasal bacterial community.
The chimeric nature of the genomes of marine magnetotactic coccoid‐ovoid bacteria defines a novel group ofProteobacteria
Authors: Ji Boyang , Zhang Sheng‐Da , Zhang Wei‐Jia , Rouy Zoe , Alberto François , Santini Claire‐Lise , Mangenot Sophie , Gagnot Séverine , Philippe Nadège , Pradel Nathalie , Zhang Lichen , Tempel Sébastien , Li Ying , Médigue Claudine , Henrissat Bernard , Coutinho Pedro M. , Barbe Valérie , Talla Emmanuel , Wu Long‐Fei 
Published: November 2016

SummaryMagnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are a group of phylogenetically and physiologically diverse Gram‐negative bacteria that synthesize intracellular magnetic crystals named magnetosomes. MTB are affiliated with three classes of Proteobacteria phylum, Nitrospirae phylum, Omnitrophica phylum and probably with the candidate phylum Latescibacteria. The evolutionary origin and physiological diversity of MTB compared with other bacterial taxonomic groups remain to be illustrated. Here, we analysed the genome of the marine magneto‐ovoid strain MO‐1 and found that it is closely related toMagnetococcus marinusMC‐1. Detailed analyses of the ribosomal proteins and whole proteomes of 390 genomes reveal that, among the Proteobacteria analysed, only MO‐1 and MC‐1 have coding sequences (CDSs) with a similarly high proportion of origins fromAlphaproteobacteria,Betaproteobacteria,DeltaproteobacteriaandGammaproteobacteria. Interestingly, a comparative metabolic network analysis with anoxic network enzymes from sequenced MTB and non‐MTB successfully allows the eventual prediction of an organism with a metabolic profile compatible for magnetosome production. Altogether, our genomic analysis reveals multiple origins of MO‐1 andM. marinusMC‐1 genomes and suggests a metabolism‐restriction model for explaining whether a bacterium could become an MTB upon acquisition of magnetosome encoding genes.
How Autoethnography Enables Sensemaking across Organizations
Authors: GOTTLIEB FREDERIK , MOSLEH WAFA SAID 
Published: November 2016

Building on participatory innovation, and taking a personal and analytical autoethnographic approach we set out to investigate how innovative initiatives emerge in the interaction of multiple stakeholders across different organizations. As researchers, we are interested in understanding the lived experience of the lead author, as an inquiry into how new initiatives across organizations are shaped in the interaction between different stakeholders across field sites and organizational levels. The project evolved as a cross‐institutional initiative; bridging health‐care and engineering education, and while the lead author was initially involved as design consultant, his engagement later resulted in the initiation of cross‐disciplinary collaboration between two different local institutions. This paper is thus an attempt to investigate how emerging organizational initiatives and multi‐stakeholder innovation become enabling to recognize and act upon emerging opportunities; through active personal involvement and by the use of an autoethnographic research approach.The aim of the paper is to address the following research questions: How does the involvement of multiple stakeholders across different field sites and levels enable or constrain the emergence of innovation?And how can autoethnography, as a method, enable us to navigate within the sensemaking process in the field of participatory innovation? The contribution of the paper is grounded in the analysis of real encounters across multiple field sites, and provides insight into how the themes of trust and power are crucial in understanding how new meaning evolves as a result of local interactions and on‐going negotiations between multiple stakeholders.Our goal is to discuss how innovation can be understood, not only as a process leading to a tangible and commercial outcome, but as a dialogical process of relationships, emerging in the interactions of different stakeholders. With autoethnography we have achieved a deeper level of insight into such process, which challenges traditional notions of innovation and ethnography.
Market Creation through Community Engagement: Combining Ethnographic and Business Thinking to Bridge Life‐Changing Technologies to Emerging Economies
Authors: CISERO CRAIG , TASSI ROBERTA 
Published: November 2016

Emerging technologies such as drones, sensors, mesh networks and IoT have significant potential to bring new life‐changing services and benefits to places where infrastructure and ICT access is still limited. Nevertheless, many companies have already failed in the attempt to bring new solutions to the underserved population in emerging markets due to gaps in understanding capability and lack of systemic approach.ICT interventions are often market creation scenarios that require completely new behaviors for adoption (Simanis et al, 2010). The creation of these behaviors, from introduction, to sense‐making and usage, can benefit from deep ethnographic analysis not only to assess people's capability (Sen, 1985), met and unmet user needs (Martin et al., 2006) and product requirements, but also to frame the best service design strategy including critical elements such as distribution channels, business model and maintenance processes. The tools and methods that purely belong to ethnographic research (Beyer, Holtzblatt, 1998) need to embrace the business and strategy dimension, combining the two approaches to outline a successful implementation path.ICT interventions are also systemic, grounded in a multiplicity of existing roles and group dynamics that participate to the implementation and delivery of the new product or service (Kirsch, Bildner, Walker, 2016). Therefore, in informal economies, targeting significant behavior and system changes requires a strong iterative work with the local communities, as primary partner in defining and adopting the final solution (Simanis et al., 2008). The engagement of the community becomes central, turning the whole design and strategy process into a continuous dialogue between the experts and the local residents.The purpose of this paper is to describe a combined design ethnography and business strategy approach towards a more efficient design of emerging technology interventions in informal economies. The “For us by us” model –built upon the BoP 2.0 framework (Simanis et al., 2008) and tailored ethnographic and co‐creation techniques (Sanders, Stappers, 2007) – is a chance for practitioners and organisations who are investigating potential technology‐based interventions to quickly evaluate, prioritize and develop products and services that add value to people's lives, and have an increased probability of successful adoption.
Cumulative changes in weight but not fluid volume balances reflect fluid accumulation in ICU patients
Authors: Köster M. , Dennhardt S. , Jüttner F. , Hopf H.‐B. 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundThe cumulative fluid balance of critically ill patients seems to be an outcome‐relevant variable. However, there are no validated data for their reliability calculated for longer (> 5 days) periods of time.MethodsAll ICU patients ≥ 18 years, with an ICU stay ≥ 5 days and a body weight ≤ 195 kg were evaluated from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2013. Daily standardized weighing was performed using bed‐integrated scales simultaneously with the daily 24‐h fluid balance. Simultaneously, a fluid balance without and with insensible perspiration (10 ml/kg/day) was calculated for each 24 h. Primary endpoint: difference between cumulative fluid balance and body weight changes at the day of transfer to the normal ward or the day of death in the ICU, respectively, in each patient. All data are presented as medians with interquartile ranges (IQR) with 25 and 75 percentiles (IQR/25/75) unless otherwise noted.ResultsOne hundred and six critically ill patients were evaluated; 82 survivors and 24 nonsurvivors. Cumulative 24‐h fluid balances rose continuously while body weight decreased over time. Correction of cumulative fluid balances for insensible perspiration (10 ml/kg/day) also did not match with body weight changes. Only survivors had a significant loss in body weight −1.8 (27.5/−6.1/1.0) kg.ConclusionsAssuming that changes in body weight reflect changes in whole body water content cumulative daily fluid volume balances without or with correction for insensible water loss are not useful for estimating cumulative fluid balance of ICU patients. Survivors but not nonsurvivors had a significant loss of weight over time.
Topical Antimycotics for Oral Candidiasis in Warfarin Users
Authors: Hellfritzsch Maja , Pottegård Anton , Pedersen Andreas James Thestrup , Burghle Alaa , Mouaanaki Fatima , Hallas Jesper , Grove Erik Lerkevang , Damkier Per 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTreatment for oral candidiasis in warfarin users may be complicated by drug–drug interactions (DDIs) between warfarin and topically applied antimycotics. However, current knowledge of these putative DDIs is merely based on case series. We therefore performed a cohort cross‐over study with the objective to evaluate the potential DDIs between warfarin and miconazole oral gel or nystatin oral solution. The cohort consisted of individuals using warfarin in the period of 1998–2012 (n ≈ 7400). We collected data on cohort members’ measurements of the international normalized ratio (INR) from a clinical database, and obtained information on their use of topically applied miconazole and nystatin from a regional prescription register. Potential DDIs were assessed by comparing INR values before and after initiation of an antimycotic drug. Among 17 warfarin users exposed to miconazole oral gel, the mean INR increased from 2.5 (95% CI: 2.1–2.8) to 3.8 (95% CI: 2.8–4.8) after exposure, corresponding to a mean INR increase of 1.4 (95% CI: 0.3–2.4). Among 30 warfarin users exposed to nystatin oral solution, the mean INR was 2.7 (95% CI: 2.3–3.1) before and 2.5 (95% CI: 2.2–2.9) after exposure. In conclusion, we found evidence supporting a clinically relevant drug–drug interaction between warfarin and miconazole oral gel. In contrast, we did not find any indication of an interaction between warfarin and nystatin oral solution. Nystatin rather than miconazole should be preferred when treating warfarin users for oral candidiasis.
Agglomeration and clusters: Tools and insights from coagglomeration patterns
Authors: Behrens Kristian 
Published: November 2016

AbstractGeographic clusters have received first‐order policy attention despite our limited academic knowledge about them. I explain how coagglomeration patterns of industries can inform the analysis of clusters by allowing us to better delineate them; to explore the causal mechanisms underlying them; and to more finely assess their impact on various economic outcomes.
Predicting occurrence of juvenile shark habitat to improve conservation planning
Authors: Oh Beverly Z.L. , Sequeira Ana M.M. , Meekan Mark G. , Ruppert Jonathan L.W. , Meeuwig Jessica J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFishing and habitat degradation have increased the extinction risk of sharks, and conservation strategies recognize that survival of juveniles is critical for the effective management of shark populations. Despite the rapid expansion of marine protected areas (MPAs) globally, the paucity of shark‐monitoring data on large scales (100s–1000s km) means that the effectiveness of MPAs in halting shark declines remains unclear. Using data collected by baited remote underwater video systems (BRUVS) in northwestern Australia, we developed generalized linear models to elucidate the ecological drivers of habitat suitability for juvenile sharks. We assessed occurrence patterns at the order and species levels. We included all juvenile sharks sampled and the 3 most abundant species sampled separately (grey reef [Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos], sandbar [Carcharhinus plumbeus], and whitetip reef sharks [Triaenodon obesus]). We predicted the occurrence of juvenile sharks across 490,515 km2 of coastal waters and quantified the representation of highly suitable habitats within MPAs. Our species‐level models had higher accuracy (ĸ ≥ 0.69) and deviance explained (≥48%) than our order‐level model (ĸ = 0.36 and deviance explained of 10%). Maps of predicted occurrence revealed different species‐specific patterns of highly suitable habitat. These differences likely reflect different physiological or resource requirements between individual species and validate concerns over the utility of conservation targets based on aggregate species groups as opposed to a species‐focused approach. Highly suitable habitats were poorly represented in MPAs with the most restrictions on extractive activities. This spatial mismatch possibly indicates a lack of explicit conservation targets and information on species distribution during the planning process. Non‐extractive BRUVS provided a useful platform for building the suitability models across large scales to assist conservation planning across multiple maritime jurisdictions, and our approach provides a simple for method for testing the effectiveness of MPAs.
Negative effects of submandibular botulinum neurotoxin A injections on oral motor function in children with drooling due to central nervous system disorders
Authors: van Hulst Karen , Kouwenberg Carlyn V , Jongerius Pieter H , Feuth Ton , van den Hoogen Franciscus J A , Geurts Alexander C H , Erasmus Corrie E 
Published: November 2016

AimThe aims of this study were: (1) to determine the incidence and nature of adverse effects on oral motor function after first injections of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT‐A) in submandibular glands for excessive drooling in children with central nervous system disorders; and (2) to identify independent predictors of these adverse effects.MethodA cohort study involved 209 children (123 males, 86 females, aged 4–27y, median 8y 4mo), who received submandibular BoNT‐A injections for drooling. Adverse effects were categorized into swallowing, eating, drinking, articulation, and other problems. Univariable logistic regression was used to study differences in patients with and without adverse effects. Possible predictors were identified using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsTransient adverse effects occurred in 33% of the 209 BoNT‐A treatments. Almost 80% of these were mild, versus 8.7% severe. Approximately 54% of the adverse effects spontaneously resolved within 4 weeks; 3% still existed after 32 weeks. A diagnosis of cerebral palsy, higher range of BoNT‐A dosage, and a pre‐treatment drooling quotient <18% were found to be independent predictors of adverse effects.InterpretationBefore using submandibular BoNT‐A injections for drooling, potential adverse effects should be discussed. Oral motor function needs to be monitored, because existing dysphagia may be worsened. The identified clinical predictors could be helpful to optimize patient selection.
Systematic review of immunoglobulin use in paediatric neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Gadian Jonathan , Kirk Emma , Holliday Kate , Lim Ming , Absoud Michael 
Published: November 2016

AimA systematic literature review of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment of paediatric neurological conditions was performed to summarize the evidence, provide recommendations, and suggest future research.MethodA MEDLINE search for articles reporting on IVIG treatment of paediatric neuroinflammatory, neurodevelopmental, and neurodegenerative conditions published before September 2015, excluding single case reports and those not in English. Owing to heterogeneous outcome measures, meta‐analysis was not possible. Findings were combined and evidence graded.ResultsSixty‐five studies were analysed. IVIG reduces recovery time in Guillain–Barré syndrome (grade B). IVIG is as effective as corticosteroids in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (grade C), and as effective as tacrolimus in Rasmussen syndrome (grade C). IVIG improves recovery in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (grade C), reduces mortality in acute encephalitis syndrome with myocarditis (grade C), and improves function and stabilizes disease in myasthenia gravis (grade C). IVIG improves outcome in N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor encephalitis (grade C) and opsoclonus–myoclonus syndrome (grade C), reduces cataplexy symptoms in narcolepsy (grade C), speeds recovery in Sydenham chorea (grade C), reduces tics in selected cases of Tourette syndrome (grade D), and improves symptoms in paediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcal infection (grade B).InterpretationIVIG is a useful therapy in selected neurological conditions. Well‐designed, prospective, multi‐centre studies with standardized outcome measures are required to compare treatments.
Hospital admissions in children with cerebral palsy: a data linkage study
Authors: Meehan Elaine , Reid Susan M , Williams Katrina , Freed Gary L , Sewell Jillian R , Vidmar Suzanna , Donath Susan , Reddihough Dinah S 
Published: November 2016

AimThe overall aim was to investigate the feasibility and utility of linking a cerebral palsy (CP) register to an administrative data set for health services research purposes. We sought to compare CP hospital admissions to general childhood population admissions, and identify factors associated with type and frequency of admissions in a CP cohort.MethodThe CP register for Victoria, Australia was linked to the state's hospital admissions database. Data pertaining to the admissions of a CP cohort (n=1748) that took place between 2007 and 2014 were extracted. Population data were also obtained.ResultsOverall, 80% of the CP cohort (n=1401) had at least admission between 2007 and 2014, accounting for 11 012 admissions or 1.5% of all admissions in their age group. Compared to general population admissions, CP admissions were more costly and more likely to be elective (66% vs 57%; p<0.001), medical (71% vs 57%; p<0.001), and to take place in metropolitan hospitals (92% vs 78%; p<0.001). Increased CP severity and complexity were associated with having more admissions and a higher proportion of admissions attributable to respiratory illness.InterpretationBy linking with administrative data sets, CP registers may be useful for health services research and inform health service delivery.