bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects at Farm and Community Level of the Adoption of Sprinkler Irrigation in the Ecuadorian Andes
Authors: Communal Tamara , Faysse Nicolas , Bleuze Sylvain , Aceldo Byron 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe shift from surface to sprinkler or drip irrigation has been hailed as a promising way to improve the performance of community‐managed irrigation schemes, but its effects have mainly been assessed at plot level. The study assesses the changes in water distribution and collective maintenance rules and in farm production patterns, which may be triggered or supported by the introduction of this technique. The case study reported here is a community‐managed irrigation scheme in the Ecuadorian Andes. At the farm level, farmers spent less labour time per hectare on irrigation. Farms endowed with more land and water resources used sprinkler irrigation to intensify their agricultural activities. By contrast, many farms with limited water and land resources used the time saved by shifting to sprinkler to increase off‐farm work. At the community level, the shift reduced the frequency of the irrigation turn and increased the reliability of water distribution. Sprinkler irrigation thus appears to be a versatile tool that helped farms evolve in different directions. However, to enable a significant improvement in farmers' ability to earn a living from farming, it should be part of a global approach that also tackles farm constraints which are not connected with access to water. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measurement of pO2by luminescence lifetime spectroscopy: A comparative study of the phototoxicity and sensitivity of [Ru(Phen)3]2+and PdTCPPin vivo
Authors: Huntosova Veronika , Gerelli Emmanuel , Horvath Denis , Wagnieres Georges 
Published: September 2016

Dysfunctions in tissue metabolism can be detected at early stages by oxygen partial pressure (pO2) measurement. The measurement of emission lifetimes offers very promising and non‐invasive approach to estimate pO2in vivo. This study compares two extensively used oxygen sensors and assesses theirin vivooxygen sensitivity and phototoxic effect. Luminescence lifetime of Ru‐polypyridyl complex and of Pd‐porphyrin is measured in the Chick's Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) model with a dedicated optical fiber‐based, time‐resolved spectrometer. The Pd‐porphyrin luminescence lifetimes measured in the CAM model exposed to different pO2levels are longer and have a broader dynamic range (10–100 μs) than those of Ru‐polypyridyl complex (0.6–1 μs). The combined statistical analysis based on an estimate of the kurtosis and skewness, bootstrapping method and routine normality tests is performed. The indicators of the averages and signal to noise ratio stability are also calculated. The combination of several data processing allows selection of the better sensor for a given application. In particular, it is found that the advantage of Ru‐polypyridyl complex over Pd‐porphyrin is two‐fold: i) Ru‐polypyridyl complex datasets have consistently better statistical characteristics, ii) Ru‐polypyridyl exhibits lower cytotoxicity.magnified image
Gelatin/chondroitin sulfate nanofibrous scaffolds for stimulation of wound healing: In‐vitro and in‐vivo study
Authors: Pezeshki‐Modaress Mohamad , Mirzadeh Hamid , Zandi Mojgan , Rajabi‐Zeleti Sareh , Sodeifi Niloofar , Aghdami Nasser , Mofrad Mohammad R. K. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn this research, fabrication of gelatin/chondroitin sulfate (GAG) nanofibrous scaffolds using electrospinning technique for skin tissue engineering was studied. The influence of GAG content on chemical, physical, mechanical and biological properties of the scaffolds were investigated. Human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells were cultured and bioactivity of electrospun gelatin/GAG scaffolds for skin tissue engineering was assayed. Biological results illustrated that HDF cells attached and spread well on gelatin/GAG nanofibrous scaffolds displaying spindle‐like shapes and stretching. MTS assay was performed to evaluate the cell proliferation on electrospun gelatin/GAG scaffolds. The results confirmed the influence of GAG content as well as the nanofibrous structure on cell proliferation and attachment of substrates. The gelatin/GAG nanofibrous scaffolds with the desired thickness for in‐vivo evaluations were used on the full‐thickness wounds. Pathobiological results showed that cell loaded gelatin/GAG scaffolds significantly accelerated wounds healing. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2020–2034, 2017.
Effective tracking of bone mesenchymal stem cells in vivo by magnetic resonance imaging using melanin‐based gadolinium3+ nanoparticles
Authors: Cai Wen‐Wen , Wang Ling‐Jie , Li Si‐Jin , Zhang Xi‐Ping , Li Ting‐Ting‐ , Wang Ying‐Hua , Yang Xi , Xie Jun , Li Jian‐Ding , Liu Shi‐Jie , Xu Wen , He Sheng , Cheng Zhen , Fan Qu‐Li , Zhang Rui‐Ping 
Published: September 2016

AbstractTracking transplanted stem cells is necessary to clarify cellular properties and improve transplantation success. In this study, we designed and synthesized melanin‐based gadolinium3+ (Gd3+)‐chelate nanoparticles (MNP‐Gd3+) of ∼7 nm for stem cell tracking in vivo. MNP‐Gd3+ possesses many beneficial properties, such as its high stability and sensitivity, shorter T1 relaxation time, higher cell labeling efficiency, and lower cytotoxicity compared with commercial imaging agents. We found that the T1 relaxivity (r1) of MNP‐Gd3+ was significantly higher than that of Gd‐DTPA; the nanoparticles were taken up by bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) via endocytosis and were broadly distributed in the cytoplasm. Based on an in vitro MTT assay, no cytotoxicity of labeled stem cells was observed for MNP‐Gd3+ concentrations of less than 800 µg/mL. Furthermore, we tracked MNP‐Gd3+‐labeled BMSCs in vivo using 3.0T MRI equipment. After intramuscular injection, MNP‐Gd3+‐labeled BMSCs were detected, even after four weeks, by 3T MRI. We concluded that MNP‐Gd3+ nanoparticles at appropriate concentrations can be used to effectively monitor and track BMSCs in vivo. MNP‐Gd3+ nanoparticles have potential as a new positive MRI contrast agent in clinical applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 131–137, 2017.
The impact of ageing, physical activity, and pre‐frailty on skeletal muscle phenotype, mitochondrial content, and intramyocellular lipids in men
Authors: St‐Jean‐Pelletier Félix , Pion Charlotte H , Leduc‐Gaudet Jean‐Philippe , Sgarioto Nicolas , Zovilé Igor , Barbat‐Artigas Sébastien , Reynaud Olivier , Alkaterji Feras , Lemieux François C , Grenon Alexis , Gaudreau Pierrette , Hepple Russell T , Chevalier Stéphanie , Belanger Marc , Morais José A , Aubertin‐Leheudre Mylène , Gouspillou Gilles 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe exact impact of ageing on skeletal muscle phenotype and mitochondrial and lipid content remains controversial, probably because physical activity, which greatly influences muscle physiology, is rarely accounted for. The present study was therefore designed to investigate the effects of ageing, physical activity, and pre‐frailty on skeletal muscle phenotype, and mitochondrial and intramyocellular lipid content in men.MethodsRecreationally active young adult (20–30 yo; YA); active (ACT) and sedentary (SED) middle‐age (50–65 yo; MA‐ACT and MA‐SED); and older (65 + yo; 65 + ACT and 65 + SED) and pre‐frail older (65 + PF) men were recruited. Muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis were collected to assess, on muscle cross sections, muscle phenotype (using myosin heavy chain isoforms immunolabelling), the fibre type‐specific content of mitochondria (by quantifying the succinate dehydrogenase stain intensity), and the fibre type‐specific lipid content (by quantifying the Oil Red O stain intensity).ResultsOnly 65 + SED and 65 + PF displayed significantly lower overall and type IIa fibre sizes vs. YA. 65 + SED displayed a lower type IIa fibre proportion vs. YA. MA‐SED and 65 + SED displayed a higher hybrid type IIa/IIx fibre proportion vs. YA. Sedentary and pre‐frail, but not active, men displayed lower mitochondrial content irrespective of fibre type vs. YA. 65 + SED, but not 65 + ACT, displayed a higher lipid content in type I fibres vs. YA. Finally, mitochondrial content, but not lipid content, was positively correlated with indices of muscle function, functional capacity, and insulin sensitivity across all subjects.ConclusionsTaken altogether, our results indicate that ageing in sedentary men is associated with (i) complex changes in muscle phenotype preferentially affecting type IIa fibres; (ii) a decline in mitochondrial content affecting all fibre types; and (iii) an increase in lipid content in type I fibres. They also indicate that physical activity partially protects from the effects of ageing on muscle phenotype, mitochondrial content, and lipid accumulation. No skeletal specific muscle phenotype of pre‐frailty was observed.
The effects of ionizing radiation on the growth plate in rat tibiae
Authors: Rocha Flaviana Soares , Limirio Pedro Henrique Justino Oliveira , Zanetta‐Barbosa Darceny , Batista Jonas Dantas , Dechichi Paula 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe deleterious effects of ionizing radiation on the growth plate continue to be cause for concern. This study evaluated the ionizing radiation effects on bone development and growth plate in the tibia of rats. All animals were submitted to ionizing radiation on the left leg. The animals were divided into two groups and euthanized 30 and 60 days after radiation. The tibiae were removed and separated into groups: control 30 days, irradiated 30 days, control 60 days and irradiated 60 days. Animals in each group (n = 7) were used for macroscopic and histological analysis. The irradiated tibiae showed arrested growth, angular deformity and limb length discrepancy when compared with nonirradiated tibiae. There was statistical difference between control and radiation groups in all the parameters analyzed, except in the lateral‐medial thickness of the distal epiphysis. Histological analysis showed evident changes in the growth plate, which was thicker in the Groups irradiated for 30 days, and irradiated for 60 days, compared with their respective controls. The growth plate showed wide areas with disorganized zones of chondrocytes and severely reduced calcification zone. It was concluded that ionizing radiation damaged the growth plate, compromised the endochondral ossification process, and resulted in complete arrest of bone development.
Creativity for Deliberate Harm: Malevolent Creativity and Social Information Processing Theory
Authors: Gutworth Melissa B. , Cushenbery Lily , Hunter Samuel T. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBoth popular press and academic research laud the benefits of creativity. Malevolent creativity, however, is the application of creativity to intentionally harm others. This study examines predictors of malevolent creativity, considering both contextual and individual difference influences. Social information processing theory suggests that situational cues might be more influential in shaping malevolent creativity. Two experimental laboratory studies test the effects of both formal and informal situational cues and find that these factors are predictive of malevolent creativity components above and beyond individual differences such as personality and cognitive ability. Implications of these findings for research and practice are discussed.
Pharmacological management of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia
Authors: Franchi Bruno 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBehavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are a heterogenous cluster of symptoms associated with dementia. They place a significant burden on patients, carers and the health system. BPSD commonly present as apathy and depression, and in more severe cases agitation, aggression and psychosis. Approaches to BPSD management include non‐pharmacological and pharmacological treatments. Several classes of medication, including antipsychotic agents, antidepressants, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and analgesics, may have small but significant effects on BPSD in some patients. However, the side effect profiles of these medications commonly limit their use, and an understanding of their potential for adverse effects coupled with careful ongoing observation is crucial. This review focuses on the pharmacological treatment of BPSD and selection of treatments based on patients’ presenting symptoms and expected adverse drug reactions.
The U‐shaped association of body mass index with mortality: Influence of the traits height, intelligence, and education
Authors: Jørgensen Terese Sara Høj , Osler Merete , Ängquist Lars Henrik , Zimmermann Esther , Christensen Gunhild Tidemann , Sørensen Thorkild I.A. 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveThe U‐shaped association between body mass index (BMI) and mortality may depend on other traits with permanent health effects. Whether the association between BMI and mortality depends on levels of health‐related traits known to be inversely associated with mortality throughout adult life such as height, intelligence, and education was investigated.MethodsThe study was based on a cohort of young men with data on weight, height, intelligence test score, and education from the Danish Conscription Database. In total, 346,500 men born 1939 to 1959 were followed until December 2013. The association between BMI and mortality was analyzed using Cox‐regression models including interactions between BMI and height, intelligence, and education, respectively.ResultsBMI and mortality showed the U‐shaped association from the start of the follow‐up period, and it persisted through the subsequent 56 years. As expected, the mortality was inversely associated with height, intelligence, and education, but the U shape of the association between BMI and mortality was unaffected by the levels of these traits except at higher BMI values, where the slopes were steeper for men with higher levels of height, intelligence, and education.ConclusionsHigh and low BMI was associated with higher mortality throughout life regardless of the levels of height, intelligence, and education.
Identification of low abundance cyclophilins in human plasma
Authors: Schumann Michael , Ihling Christian H. , Prell Erik , Schierhorn Angelika , Sinz Andrea , Fischer Gunter , Schiene‐Fischer Cordelia , Malešević Miroslav 
Published: September 2016

Cylophilins (Cyps) belong to the ubiquitously distributed enzyme class of peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerases (EC5.2.1.8), which are foldases capable of accelerating slow steps in the refolding of denatured proteins. At least 20 different Cyp isoenzymes are broadly distributed among all organs and cellular compartments in humans. Extracellularly localized Cyps came into the scientific focus recently because of their involvement in the control of inflammatory diseases, as well as viral and bacterial infections. However, detailed insights into Cyp functions are often hampered by the lack of sensitive detection methods. We present an improved method for affinity purification and detection of Cyp in biotic samples in this manuscript. The procedure takes advantage of two novel cyclosporine A derivatives. Derivative 1 was used to capture Cyps from the sample while derivative 2 was applied for selective release from the affinity matrix. Using this approach, eight different Cyp (CypA, CypB, CypC, Cyp40 (PPID), CypE, CypD (PPIF), CypH, and CypL1) were unambiguously detected in healthy human blood plasma. Moreover, extracellular CypA was found to be partially modified by Nε acetylation on residues Lys44, Lys133, Lys155, as well as Nα acetylation at the N‐terminal Val residue. Nα acetylation of Ser2 residue was also found for Cyp40.
Concentrations of trace elements in sea urchins and macroalgae commonly present in Sargassum beds: implications for trophic transfer
Authors: Hernández‐Almaraz Pablo , Méndez‐Rodríguez Lía , Zenteno‐Savín Tania , O'Hara Todd M. , Harley John R. , Serviere‐Zaragoza Elisa 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe aim of the study was to evaluate the dynamic of cadmium, lead, copper, zinc, and iron among lower trophic levels, sea urchins and macroalgae. Diets and isotopic values were used in combination to explore trophic positions and potential transference of metals from primary producers to consumers. Concentrations of trace elements were measured in two species of sea urchin (Tripneustes depressus and Eucidaris thouarsii) and nine macroalgae that are usually used as food in four Sargassum beds, one of which is close to a phosphorite mine. Specimens were collected when Sargassum fronds were at their greatest (winter) and lowest (summer) abundance. Highest concentrations of Cd, and Cu in both urchin species were recorded in winter at the site near the phosphorite mine. Concentrations of Pb in T. depressus were below the detectable limit, whereas E. thouarsii, which in addition to a high concentration of Pb, had high amounts of Cu and Zn. Gut content analysis, indicates that the diet of both sea urchins at the four sites and two collection dates is mainly macroalgae. The δ15N isotopic values in sea urchins in a typical Sargassum bed were in good agreement with a diet dominated by macroalgae, with T. depressus having herbivorous habits and E. thouarsii having omnivorous habits in this environment. We found macroalgae important in the dynamics of metals in food webs, potentially contributing to transferring Cd, Cu, and Zn to key invertebrate species, such as sea urchins, indicating connectivity of food webs and ecological structuring of marine environments.
Improvement in the Safety of Use of Hand Dishwashing Liquids Through the Addition of Hydrophobic Plant Extracts
Authors: Wasilewski Tomasz , Seweryn Artur , Krajewski Maciej 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe investigated the effect of hydrophobic extract concentration on the safety of using hand dishwashing liquids (HDL). A series of formulations was prepared, differing in the concentration of the hydrophobic chamomile extract obtained in supercritical CO2 conditions (from 0 to 0.7 %). We found that an increase in the concentration of the extract led to a decrease in the zein number, and reduced changes in the pH level of bovine serum albumin solution (i.e., two parameters determining the irritant activity of the formulations). It was also found that the additives reduced transepidermal water loss and improved the skin hydration level. Based on the findings of the study, a mechanism has been proposed, according to which hydrophobic plant extracts form aggregates in the volume phase of the washing bath. The surface of the aggregates is the adsorption area for surfactant monomers responsible for the irritant effect. Increasing the addition of the extract was shown to reduce the negative impact of the formulations on the skin of the hands, thus contributing to a greater safety of use of HDL.
Synthesis, Surface Properties and Effect of an Amino Acid Head Group of 11‐(2‐Methoxy‐4‐vinylphenoxy)undecanoicacid‐Based Anionic Surfactants
Authors: Darapureddi Prabhakara Rao , Nayak Rati Ranjan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractOur present research describes the surface properties of three biobased anionic surfactant synthesized from vinylguaiacol and 11‐bromo undecanoic acid. To further improve its hydrophobicity and bioavailability, amino acid head group incorporation was carried out. All these synthesized compounds were thoroughly characterized using NMR and mass spectroscopy. The performance properties such as foaming, wetting, emulsification value and calcium tolerance were evaluated. The studied surfactants possess excellent emulsion stability and moderate calcium tolerance as compared to commercially available surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS). The micelle formation and the thermodynamics involved at the air–water interface were estimated from surface tension measurements. These surfactants showed a higher tendency towards adsorption at the air–water interface than micellization. Dynamic light scattering and steady state fluorescence anisotropy study were carried out to shed light on the bulk micellization properties of the synthesized surfactant. Along with spherical micelles of <5 nm size, larger aggregates (35–84 nm) were observed with higher anisotropy values. FESEM images further confirmed the larger spherical micelles formed by these surfactants. The surfactants formed chiral aggregates above the critical micelle concentration as indicated by circular dichroism spectra. These surfactants may be suitable candidates for additives to detergents to improve their calcium tolerance especially in the case of hard water. Furthermore, a low foaming ability along with high emulsion stability may find these surfactants to be better replacement of the conventional surfactant used as emulsifiers in many industrial applications.
Influence of Hydrocarbon Chain Branching on Foam Properties of Olefin Sulfonate with FoamScan
Authors: Wang Yong , Liu Xiaochen , Zhou Yawen , Niu Jinping 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe influence of surfactant structure on foam properties of internal olefin sulfonate (IOS) and alpha olefin sulfonate (AOS) in aqueous solutions was estimated from measurements of the foamability, foam stability, and foam morphology, as obtained from conductivity and image analyses techniques. It was found that the foamability and foam stability of C16–18 AOS are higher compared to that of C16–18 IOS, indicating that hydrocarbon chain branching decreases the foamability and foam stability. The foamability and foam stability are enhanced with increasing surfactant concentration, which increases the adsorbed quantity of surfactant molecules at the air–water interface. The influence of hydrocarbon chain branching on foam morphology was also investigated. It was found that foam cells produced by branched chain C16–18 IOS are larger than the foam cells generated by straight chain C16–18 AOS.
Perilla Oil Reduces Fatty Streak Formation at Aortic Sinus via Attenuation of Plasma Lipids and Regulation of Nitric Oxide Synthase in ApoE KO Mice
Authors: Hong Sun Hee , Kim Mijeong , Noh Jeong Sook , Song Yeong Ok 
Published: September 2016

AbstractConsumption of n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is associated with a reduced incidence of atherosclerosis. Perilla oil (PO) is a vegetable oil rich in α‐linolenic acid (ALA), an n‐3 PUFA. In this study, antiatherogenic effects and related mechanisms of PO were investigated in atherosclerotic mice. Apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE KO) mice (male, n = 27) were fed high‐cholesterol and high‐fat diets containing 10 % w/w lard (LD), PO, or sunflower oil (SO) for 10 weeks. Plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations reduced in the PO and SO groups compared to the concentrations in the LD group (P < 0.05). The PO group showed reduced fatty streak lesion size at the aortic sinus (P < 0.05) compared to the sizes in the LD and SO groups. A morphometric analysis showed enhancement of endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and reduction of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in the PO group compared to that in the LD group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, aortic protein expression of intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 was diminished in the PO group compared to that in the LD and SO groups (P < 0.05). These findings suggested that PO inhibited the development of aortic atherosclerosis by improving the plasma lipid profile, regulating nitric oxide synthase, and suppressing the vascular inflammatory response in the aorta of ApoE KO mice.