bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lactation-promoting ingredients of Hemerocallis citrina Borani and the corresponding mechanisms
Authors: Fang Jinpeng , Xu Mengtao , Qiu ZhengYue , Ye Tian , Jiang HongLing , Qin FengYi , Hu Yuan , Jiang Faying , Zhong JuHua , Zhu Yishuo , Zhao Lewei , Liu Xiubin , Zeng Jianguo , Xu Yuqin , Qing Zhixing 
Published: September 2024

Hemerocallis citrina Borani is a traditional folk food used to promote the lactation of postpartum mothers in China; however, the active ingredients and corresponding mechanisms are still unknown. In this study, the lactogenic effect of alcoholic and aqueous extracts of H. citrina was primarily evaluated, and the aqueous extract (1,000 and 2,000 mg/kg) displayed significant lactation-promoting effects. Three eluates of the aqueous extract (0%, 30%, and 50%HCW) were further evaluated for their lactogenic effect, and 30% and 50% HCW showed significant lactation-promoting activity. Nineteen ingredients, including those with a high content of rutin and isoquercetin, were then identified from 30% and 50%HCW using the ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) method. Finally, the lactogenic effect of rutin and isoquercetin was evaluated, and both compounds displayed significant lactation-promoting activity. The mechanisms relative to the lactation-promoting active ingredients for H. citrina extracts and compounds are to stimulate the release of prolactin (PRL) and progesterone (P), as well as to induce the expression of prolactin receptor (PRLR) and improve the morphology of mammary tissue. This study first clarified the lactation-promoting active ingredients of H. citrina and the corresponding mechanisms, which provide a new insight into the new lactation-promoting drug and promote the high-value utilization of H. citrina resources.
Efficacy and safety of PARP inhibitor maintenance therapy for ovarian cancer: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Sun Guojuan , Liu Yi 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundThe landscape of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor treatment for ovarian cancer (OC) is continually evolving. This research aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PARP inhibitors compared to placebo as a maintenance therapy for OC patients.MethodsWe conducted a search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving the use of PARP inhibitors as maintenance therapy in OC patients, up to 16 June 2024. Data regarding progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), chemotherapy-free interval (CFI), time to first subsequent therapy or death (TFST), time to second subsequent therapy or death (TSST), and treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were aggregated. Pooled hazard ratio (HR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for PFS, OS, CFI, TFST, and TSST. Additionally, the relative risk (RR) and 95% CI for TEAEs were determined.ResultsThis meta-analysis encompassed 20 RCTs involving 7,832 participants. The overall analysis demonstrated that maintenance therapy with PARP inhibitors led to significant improvements in PFS (HR: 0.398, 95% CI = 0.339–0.467, 95% PI = 0.219–0.724), OS (HR: 0.677, 95% CI = 0.582–0.788, 95% PI = 0.546–0.839), CFI (HR: 0.417, 95% CI = 0.368–0.472, 95% PI = 0.265–0.627), TFST (HR: 0.441, 95% CI = 0.391–0.498, 95% PI = 0.308–0.632), and TSST (HR: 0.574, 95% CI = 0.507–0.649, 95% PI = 0.488–0.674) compared with placebo. Subgroup analyses further indicated that PARP inhibitor maintenance treatment significantly improved PFS, regardless of homologous recombination status (all p &lt; 0.05). However, the risks of any grade (RR = 1.046, 95% CI = 1.032–1.059, 95% PI = 1.028–1.055) and grade ≥3 TEAEs (RR = 2.931, 95% CI = 2.641–3.253, 95% PI = 2.128–3.792) were increased by PARP inhibitor maintenance therapy compared to placebo.ConclusionOur research elucidated the benefits of maintenance therapy with PARP inhibitors in patients with OC, showing improvements in PFS, OS, CFI, TFST, and TSST. Vigilance regarding TEAEs is paramount for clinicians implementing PARP inhibitor maintenance therapy in clinical practice.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42024560286.
Analysis of chromatin accessibility in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with early-stage breast cancer
Authors: Xia Longjie , Lu Jiamin , Qin Yixuan , Huang Runchun , Kong Fanbiao , Deng Yu 
Published: September 2024

Objective: This study was aimed at exploring a specific open region of chromatin in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with breast cancer and evaluating its feasibility as a biomarker for diagnosing and predicting breast cancer prognosis.Methods: We obtained PBMCs from breast cancer patients and healthy people for the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin (ATAC) sequencing (n = 3) and obtained the GSE27562 chip sequencing data for secondary analyses. Through bioinformatics analysis, we mined the pattern changes for chromatin accessibility in the PBMCs of breast cancer patients.Results: A total of 1,906 differentially accessible regions (DARs) and 1,632 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified via ATAC sequencing. The upregulated DEGs in the disease group were mainly distributed in the cells, organelles, and cell-intima-related structures and were mainly responsible for biological functions such as cell nitrogen complex metabolism, macromolecular metabolism, and cell communication, in addition to functions such as nucleic acid binding, enzyme binding, hydrolase reaction, and transferase activity. Combined with microarray data analysis, the following set of nine DEGs showed intersection between the ATAC and microarray data: JUN, MSL2, CDC42, TRIB1, SERTAD3, RAB14, RHOB, RAB40B, and PRKDC. HOMER predicted and identified five transcription factors that could potentially bind to these peak sites, namely NFY, Sp 2, GFY, NRF, and ELK 1.Conclusion: Chromatin accessibility analysis of the PBMCs from patients with early-stage breast cancer underscores its potential as a significant avenue for biomarker discovery in breast cancer diagnostics and treatment. By screening the transcription factors and DEGs related to breast cancer, this study provides a comprehensive theoretical foundation that is expected to guide future clinical applications and therapeutic developments.
The relationship between physical activity and mental health of middle school students: the chain mediating role of negative emotions and self-efficacy
Authors: Yan Hao-Ming , Huang Ping , Chen Rui , Wang Yi-Cheng 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between mental health and physical activity (PA) in middle school students, and examining the roles of negative emotions and self-efficacy in the relationship.MethodsData from 1,134 Chinese middle school students (50.2% females, 49.8% males; Mage = 15.18, SDage = 2.00) were collected using the Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3), Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), and Middle School Student Mental Health Scale (MSSMHS).Results(1) There is a significant positive correlation between PA and mental health (r = 0.16, p &lt; 0.01), and the direct path of PA on mental health is significant (t = 2.101, p &lt; 0.01). (2) PA negatively predicts negative emotions (r = −0.12, p &lt; 0.01), and is significantly positively correlated with self-efficacy (r = 0.24, p &lt; 0.01). Negative emotions negatively predict self-efficacy (r = −0.23, p &lt; 0.01) and mental health (r = −0.67, p &lt; 0.01). Self-efficacy positively predicts mental health (r = 0.30, p &lt; 0.01). (3) Negative emotions and self-efficacy play a significant mediating role between PA and mental health. The mediating effect includes three paths: PA → negative emotion → mental health (effect value: 0.130); PA → self-efficacy → mental health (effect size: 0.052); PA → negative emotions → self-efficacy → mental health (effect size: 0.006).ConclusionPA among middle school students can indirectly affect mental health through negative emotions and self-efficacy. Middle school students should be encouraged to participate in PA to reduce their negative emotions and increase their self-efficacy, thus improving their mental health.
Psilocybin for major depressive disorder: a systematic review of randomized controlled studies
Authors: Li Li-Juan , Mo Yu , Shi Zhan-Ming , Huang Xing-Bing , Ning Yu-Ping , Wu Hua-Wang , Yang Xin-Hu , Zheng Wei 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivesThe purpose of this systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was to evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of psilocybin in adult patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).MethodsA systematic search (up to September 14, 2023) was conducted for RCTs that examined the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of psilocybin in physically healthy adult patients with MDD. Three independent researchers extracted data from publications where the primary outcome was a change in depressive symptoms, and key secondary outcomes were changes in anxiety symptoms and suicidal ideation, discontinuation rates for any reason, and adverse drug reactions (ADRs).ResultsFive RCTs with 472 adult patients with MDD on psilocybin (n = 274) and controls (n = 198) were included. Two of the five RCTs (40%) reported mixed results, while the other three (60%) found that psilocybin had a beneficial effect on MDD treatment. Four RCTs (80%) assessing the anxiolytic effects of psilocybin for treating MDD found that psilocybin was significantly more effective than the control group in improving anxiety symptoms. Psilocybin was more effective than the control group in improving suicidal ideation in one out of five RCTs. Discontinuation rates were similar for any reason between the psilocybin group (2–13%) and the control group (4–21%) (P &gt; 0.05). Four RCTs (80%) reported ADRs in detail. The most common ADR in both groups was headache.ConclusionPsilocybin was effective in improving depressive symptoms in over half of the included studies and reduced anxiety symptoms in patients with MDD. The long-term efficacy and safety of psilocybin for MDD treatment needs to be further investigated in large RCTs.
Relationships between screen time and childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Meng Zhuo , Ao Bo , Wang Wei , Niu Tongtong , Chen Yanan , Ma Xiaoqing , Huang Youliang 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundIn previous observational studies and meta-analyses, childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is found to have a significant association with screen time. However, the causal associations between them remain unclear.MethodThis study performed a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to confirm the causality between screen time and childhood ADHD. Large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) datasets derived from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) and the UK Biobank were used to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with exposure and outcome. Four categories of datasets were selected to represent screen time. The SNPs that are significantly associated with exposure data (P &lt; 5e-08) and have a strong correlation with the exposure in the F-statistic (F &gt; 10) were selected as instrumental variables. This study also used the PhenoScanner V2 database and the LDlink webtool to exclude confounding factors, and the MR-PRESSO method (p &lt; 0.05) was employed to eliminate outliers with bias. Five commonly used methods were employed to assess the interaction and the Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) method was utilized as the primary basis for determining the MR estimates in this study.ResultsThe MR analysis revealed that the length of mobile phone use (OR, 1.848; 95% CI, 1.3360-2.5558; p=2.07e-4) and the time spent watching television (OR, 2.104; 95% CI, 1.3958-3.1703; p=3.8e-4) increased the risk of childhood ADHD. Although the causal relationships were exclusively identified through the IVW and weighted median methods, the results retained their statistical significance following correction. In the reverse analysis, no evidence was found to support an effect of childhood ADHD on screen time. The sensitivity analysis conducted on the significant findings revealed no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity.ConclusionThis study provides some evidence for the causality of screen time and childhood ADHD. Given the limitations of our study, further research is required to comprehensively investigate this relationship.
Effect of sleep quality on repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation outcomes in depression
Authors: Kweon Jamie , Fukuda Andrew M. , Gobin Asi P. , Haq Lamaan , Carpenter Linda L. , Brown Joshua C. 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionWhile repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is effective for 50-60% of those treatment-resistant depression, it is critical to identify predictors of response for optimal patient selection to improve therapy. Insomnia is a known symptom of depression that is both correlated with depression severity and associated with poor antidepressant response. Therefore, understanding this relationship may open new opportunities for the optimization of rTMS treatment. We aimed to explore whether baseline sleep quality, specifically insomnia, is associated with rTMS outcomes in a naturalistic sample of 975 patients (age 18-90; 63.9% F) receiving a standard course of rTMS treatment from two outpatient TMS clinics located within psychiatric hospitals in the United States. One site additionally collected information on concurrent medication use on 350 patients; among these, we examined whether pharmacological treatment of insomnia affected TMS treatment response.MethodsDepression was measured using the 30-item Inventory of Depressive Symptomology Self Report (IDS-SR) in site one and an abbreviated 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomology (QIDS) derived from the IDS-SR in site two. Sleep disturbances were measured using three insomnia-related questions. Multilevel logistic regression was used to determine whether baseline insomnia scores were associated with TMS treatment outcome. Upon dichotomous categorization of the sample by insomnia and sleep-medication use, depression and sleep scores were analyzed across time using mixed repeated measures ANOVA.ResultsWe found that sleep quality improves after TMS (p&lt;.001) and correlates with improvement in non-insomnia related depression symptoms (r= .318, p&lt;.001). We found that among those who had significant insomnia at baseline, those not using sleep medications had significantly worse post-treatment IDS-SR scores compared to those using sleep medications (p=. 021) despite no difference in final insomnia score.DiscussionTogether, our results suggest that while baseline insomnia is not associated with TMS effectiveness, treating insomnia may affect the trajectory of TMS therapy. Future prospective studies are needed to examine the effect of insomnia treatment alongside TMS for depression.
Mapping fertility rates at national, sub-national, and local levels in Ethiopia between 2000 and 2019
Authors: Abate Biruk Beletew , Sendekie Ashenafi Kibret , Ayele Mulat , Lake Eyob Shitie , Wodaynew Tilahun , Tilahun Befkad Derese , Azmeraw Molla , Habtie Tesfaye Engdaw , Kassa Muluemebet , Munie Melesse Abiye , Temesgen Dessie , Merchaw Abebe , Alamaw Addis Wondimagegn , Zemariam Alemu Birara , Kitaw Tegene Atamenta , Kassaw Amare , Kassie Ayelign Mengesha , Yilak Gizachew , Kassa Mulat Awoke , Kibret Gebremeskel Abebe , Agimas Muluken Chanie , Bizuneh Fasikaw Kebede , Adisu Molalign Aligaz , Woreta Bogale Molla , Alene Kefyalew Addis 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundFertility rates are key indicators of population health and demographic change, influencing economic development, healthcare planning, and social policies. Understanding subnational variation in fertility rate is important for effective geographical targeting and policy prioritization. This study aimed to identify geographic variation, trends, and determinants of fertility rates in Ethiopia over the past two decades.MethodsWe estimated total fertility rates (TFRs) and age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs) using five nationally representative cross-sectional Demographic and Health Surveys collected in Ethiopia between 2000 and 2019. ASFRs represent the number of live births per 1,000 women aged 15 to 49 during the 3 years before each survey, while TFRs indicate the average number of children a woman would have by the end of her reproductive years, calculated as the sum of ASFRs over five-year intervals. We developed model-based geostatistics by incorporating demographic and healthcare access data with spatial random fields to produce high-resolution fertility rate maps. These results were then aggregated to produce fertility rate estimates at local, sub-national, and national levels in Ethiopia.ResultsThe national TFR gradually declined from 4.8 live births in 2000 to 4.2 live births in 2019, but it is still above the replacement level of 2.1 children per woman. There were sub-national and local variations in TFR, ranging from 5.7 live births in Somalia and 5.3 Oromia regions to 2.7 live births in Addis Ababa and 3.6 live births Dire Dawa cities. Geographical areas with high TFR were mostly associated with a high proportion of Muslim women and low access to health facilities.ConclusionDespite a decline in fertility rates among women of reproductive age over the past two decades, marked spatial variation persists at sub-national and local levels in Ethiopia, with demographic factors determining the spatial distribution and rate of decline, highlighting the need for tailored programs and strategies in high-fertility areas to increase access to family planning.
Air pollutants and primary liver cancer mortality: a cohort study in crop-burning activities and forest fires area
Authors: Thongsak Natthapat , Chitapanarux Taned , Chotirosniramit Anon , Chakrabandhu Somvilai , Traisathit Patrinee , Nakharutai Nawapon , Srikummoon Pimwarat , Thumronglaohapun Salinee , Supasri Titaporn , Hemwan Phonpat , Chitapanarux Imjai 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionNorthern Thailand experiences high levels of air pollution in the dry season due to agricultural waste burning and forest fires. Some air pollutants can enter the bloodstream, and the liver has the role of detoxifying these along with other harmful substances. In this study, we assessed the effects of long-term exposure to air pollutants on liver cancer mortality in this area.MethodsA cohort of 10,859 primary liver cancer patients diagnosed between 2003 and 2018 and followed up to the end of 2020 were included in the study. Extended time-varying covariates of the annually averaged pollutant concentrations updated each year were utilized. The associations between air pollutants and mortality risk were examined by using a Cox proportional hazard model.ResultsMetastatic cancer stage had the highest adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 3.57 (95% confidence interval (CI):3.23–3.95). Being male (aHR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.04–1.15), over 60 years old (aHR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.11–1.21), having a history of smoking (aHR = 1.16; 95%CI: 1.11–1.22), and being exposed to a time-updated local concentration of PM2.5 of 40 μg/m3 (aHR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.05–1.15) increased the mortality risk.ConclusionWe found that air pollution is one of several detrimental factors on the mortality risk of liver cancer.
Self-compassion and work engagement among Chinese nurses: exploring mediating effects of depression, anxiety, and stress
Authors: Yang Yan , Chang Hongjuan , Guo Shuangxi , Gao Xiao Lei , Wang Lina , Ma Anna 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveWork engagement significantly influences both the quality of nursing care and nurses’ job performance. In this study, we aimed to explore the mediating effects of negative emotions on the relationship between self-compassion and work engagement among Chinese nurses.MethodA cross-sectional study was performed on nurses in a tertiary A hospital located in Henan province from September, 2023 to December, 2023. Custom-designed digital surveys were disseminated to gather pertinent data. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) were utilised to analyse the data and determine relationships among self-compassion, negative emotions and work engagement.ResultsA total of 1,201 nurses were included. According to the statistical model, self-compassion (β = 0.116, CI: −0.036 to −0.008, p &lt; 0.001) and negative emotions (β = −0.372, CI: −0.053 to −0.033, p &lt; 0.001) were correlated with work engagement. Furthermore, our analysis revealed that negative emotions partially mediated the relationship between self-compassion and work engagement (β = 0.174, CI: −0.066 to −0.020, p &lt; 0.01).ConclusionThese findings indicate that incorporating self-compassion and negative emotion regulation in interventions targeting work engagement may enhance the overall level of work engagement among nurses, thereby improving job satisfaction and the quality of patient care.
A clinical trial evaluation of handwashing products and educational resources to improve hand hygiene in paediatric patients and school children
Authors: McNicholl Johanna , Younie Sarah , Crosby Sapphire , Laird Katie 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionIt is widely acknowledged that good hand hygiene (HH) is an important non-pharmaceutical method for reducing the transmission of infectious diseases. Children are at high risk of infection due to their immature immune systems. Hospital transmitted infections are a cause for concern worldwide, with poor HH suggested to be responsible for up to 20% of cases. Patients, in particular paediatric patients, are often overlooked when it comes to the promotion of hand hygiene compliance (HHC) in hospitals. This report describes the clinical evaluation of the ‘Soaper Stars’; a collection of child-friendly HH products with linked educational resource, developed using the COM-B approach to behaviour change, and designed to encourage correct HH in paediatric patients and in schools.MethodThe Soaper Star products were distributed on paediatric wards in five UK hospitals, and the use of the products around mealtimes was evaluated. Workshops teaching the ‘why when and how’ of handwashing were run in four UK primary schools with pre and post evaluations conducted to establish impact on knowledge. Over 300 children were involved.ResultsThe Soaper Stars products stimulated a 38% increase in HHC compared to when only hospital-issued products were available, and verbal feedback from families indicated that having the Soaper Star products encouraged improved HHC by all visitors, not just the patient. Workshops in four schools (283 pupils) showed an increase in knowledge around the transmission of infection and the need for good HH that was sustained for at least 4 weeks.ConclusionThe results of this study demonstrate that providing children with the age-appropriate knowledge about why HH is necessary, and the child-friendly means to maintain their HH, will lead to greater HHC, not just by individual children, but also their families.