bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating Causal Effects on a Disease Progression Trait Using Bivariate Mendelian Randomisation
Authors: Cai Siyang , Dudbridge Frank 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTGenome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have provided large numbers of genetic markers that can be used as instrumental variables in a Mendelian Randomisation (MR) analysis to assess the causal effect of a risk factor on an outcome. An extension of MR analysis, multivariable MR, has been proposed to handle multiple risk factors. However, adjusting or stratifying the outcome on a variable that is associated with it may induce collider bias. For an outcome that represents progression of a disease, conditioning by selecting only the cases may cause a biased MR estimation of the causal effect of the risk factor of interest on the progression outcome. Recently, we developed instrument effect regression and corrected weighted least squares (CWLS) to adjust for collider bias in observational associations. In this paper, we highlight the importance of adjusting for collider bias in MR with a risk factor of interest and disease progression as the outcome. A generalised version of the instrument effect regression and CWLS adjustment is proposed based on a multivariable MR model. We highlight the assumptions required for this approach and demonstrate its utility for bias reduction. We give an illustrative application to the effect of smoking initiation and smoking cessation on Crohn's disease prognosis, finding no evidence to support a causal effect.
Integrative Multi‐Omics Approach for Improving Causal Gene Identification
Authors: King Austin , Wu Chong 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTTranscriptome‐wide association studies (TWAS) have been widely used to identify thousands of likely causal genes for diseases and complex traits using predicted expression models. However, most existing TWAS methods rely on gene expression alone and overlook other regulatory mechanisms of gene expression, including DNA methylation and splicing, that contribute to the genetic basis of these complex traits and diseases. Here we introduce a multi‐omics method that integrates gene expression, DNA methylation, and splicing data to improve the identification of associated genes with our traits of interest. Through simulations and by analyzing genome‐wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for 24 complex traits, we show that our integrated method, which leverages these complementary omics biomarkers, achieves higher statistical power, and improves the accuracy of likely causal gene identification in blood tissues over individual omics methods. Finally, we apply our integrated model to a lung cancer GWAS data set, demonstrating the integrated models improved identification of prioritized genes for lung cancer risk.
Mifepristone and misoprostol versus misoprostol alone for induction of labor in women with intrauterine fetal death: A meta‐analysis and systematic review
Authors: Oliveira Paloma Soares , de Almeida Artur Menegaz , Cabral Mauro André Azevedo Silva Kaiser , Guilherme Gustavo Lima , Ribeiro Antônio José Rocha , Giusti João Antônio Zanette , de Lima Rafael Morais Esteves , da Silva Garcia Jéssica Cristine , de Oliveira Ricardo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundMisoprostol is largely used in labor induction in cases of intrauterine fetal death. However, recent randomized clinical trials (RCTs) showed that the combination of mifepristone and misoprostol might have better effects than the use of misoprostol alone.ObjectivesTo compare mifepristone and misoprostol lines of treatment.Search StrategyPubmed, Embase, Cochrane and Web of Science databases were systematically searched until April 9, 2024.Selection CriteriaThe eligibility criteria were (1) RCT, (2) comparing misoprostol alone versus the combined treatment, (3) patients undergoing labor induction due to intrauterine fetal death and (4) reporting at least one relevant outcome.Data Collection and AnalysisData were examined using the Mantel–Haenszel method and 95% CIs. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statics. R, version 4.2.3 was used for statistical analysis. The analyzed outcomes were delivery time interval, adverse effects (fever, vomiting, diarrhea and nausea) and the preinduction Bishop score. Other important outcomes, such as uterus rupture, could not be included due to lack of data from the included studies.Main ResultsA total of seven RCTs comprising 599 patients with intrauterine fetal death were randomized to misoprostol or combined treatment to induce labor. Compared to the misoprostol only group, combined treatment presented lower delivery time interval (MD –6.86 h; 95% CI: −10.32 to −3.4; P = 0.0001; I2 = 87%). However, in terms of adverse effects, the combined treatment group presented lower occurrence of fever (2.25% vs 12.12%; RR 0.26; 95% CI: 0.09–0.74; P = 0.01; I2 = 0%) and vomiting (7.64% vs 14.45%; RR 0.54; 95% CI: 0.29–1.01; P = 0.05; I2 = 0%). No statistically significant differences were observed when comparing the preinduction Bishop score of the two groups (MD –0.09; 95% CI: −0.28–0.10; P = 0.35; I2 = 0%). Additionally, the mean of the preinduction Bishop score of the combined treatment was 2 versus 2.1 of the control group.ConclusionIn this updated meta‐analysis, consistent results suggest that the combined treatment is associated with more beneficial outcomes than the misoprostol alone treatment in patients undergoing labor induction in intrauterine fetal death.
Digital Economy Oriented Tourism Industry Data Analysis in Semantic IoT
Authors: Wang Lu , Parameshachari B. D. , Miao Junfeng 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe digital economy has revolutionized the tourism industry by integrating Semantic Internet of Things (IoT) technologies for enhanced data analysis. This paper proposes a comprehensive method for analyzing tourism flow using Semantic IoT. The method combines semantic data processing with advanced machine learning techniques, specifically stacked autoencoders and long short‐term memory (LSTM) models, to understand and predict changes in passenger flow. The approach addresses challenges of high dimensionality and complex temporal characteristics in tourism data, offering significant support for tourism management, improving operational efficiency, and enhancing the visitor experience. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in analyzing and predicting tourism passenger flow data, providing accurate and insightful trends that are crucial for decision‐making in the tourism industry.
Exploring reciprocal links between early adolescent coping and internalizing symptoms
Authors: Mytelka Caitlyn , Narendorf Sarah C. , Baumler Elizabeth , Acquati Chiara , Temple Jeff R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe rising prevalence of depression and anxiety among adolescents is a public health concern. Early adolescence is a key developmental period to reduce risks for internalizing symptoms through primary prevention programs, yet additional research is needed on modifiable factors, such as coping skills, to target to mitigate risk factors. Therefore, we investigated the reciprocal link between coping style and internalizing symptoms among a racially/ethnically diverse sample of early adolescents (n = 1273) from 12 middle schools over 1 year.MethodsWe leveraged a longitudinal data set of a cluster, randomized trial of a preventive intervention from 12 middle schools in a large public‐school district in the United States to test our hypotheses using multilevel modeling. The sample was 49% female and racially/ethnically diverse (39% Hispanic/Latinx, 23% Black/African American, 12% Asian or Pacific Islander, 11% other, 9% White, and 5% multiracial). Participants (ages 12‐14) completed a baseline questionnaire in 7th grade (Spring 2018) and a 1‐year follow‐up questionnaire in 8th grade (Spring 2019).ResultsDepressive and anxious symptoms affected levels of active and avoidant coping skill use over the 1‐year period of the study, indicating that symptoms can be an impetus for maladaptive coping. We also identified bidirectional links between active coping and depression in addition to avoidant coping and anxiety.ConclusionsOur findings have implications for augmenting coping psychoeducation within prevention programs to reduce internalizing symptoms among early adolescents and for future longitudinal and qualitative research exploring how coping skills reduce risks for internalizing symptoms throughout adolescence and into early adulthood.
Epigenetic regulation of myogenesis by vitamin C
Authors: Takeuchi Sachiko Yamashita , Dusadeemeelap Chirada , Kawamoto Tatsuo , Matsubara Takuma , Kokabu Shoichiro , Addison William N. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe micronutrient vitamin C is essential for the maintenance of skeletal muscle health and homeostasis. The pro‐myogenic effects of vitamin C have long been attributed to its role as a general antioxidant agent, as well as its role in collagen matrix synthesis and carnitine biosynthesis. Here, we show that vitamin C also functions as an epigenetic compound, facilitating chromatin landscape transitions during myogenesis through its activity as an enzymatic cofactor for histone H3 and DNA demethylation. Utilizing C2C12 myoblast cells to investigate the epigenetic effects of vitamin C on myogenesis, we observe that treatment of cells with vitamin C decreases global H3K9 methylation and increases 5‐hmC levels. Furthermore, vitamin C treatment enhances myoblast marker gene expression and myotube formation during differentiation. We identify KDM7A as a histone lysine demethylase markedly upregulated during myogenesis. Accordingly, knockdown of Kdm7a prevents the pro‐myogenic effects of vitamin C. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that KDM7A occupies the promoter region of the myogenic transcription factor MyoD1 where it facilitates histone demethylation. We also confirm that the methylcytosine dioxygenases TET1 and TET2 are required for myogenic differentiation and that their loss blunts stimulation of myogenesis by vitamin C. In conclusion, our data suggest that an epigenetic mode of action plays a major role in the myogenic effects of vitamin C.
Shear‐Wave Elastography Improves Diagnostic Accuracy in Chronic Kidney Disease Compared to Conventional Ultrasound
Authors: Jiang Cuiping , Zang Shiming , Gao Qi , Zhao Meili , Chen Songwang 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeNon‐invasive tests are increasingly demanded for diagnosing and prognostication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Shear‐wave elastography (SWE), an emerging technique for measuring tissue stiffness, shows promise for distinguishing between individuals with different stages of renal fibrosis. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of two‐dimensional SWE (2D‐SWE) and conventional ultrasound for detecting CKD, employing renal biopsy as the gold standard.MethodsFrom May 2020 to October 2023, this prospective study included 30 healthy volunteers and 169 patients with CKD who had undergone 2D‐SWE and conventional ultrasound of both kidneys. Cortical and medullary stiffness, cortical pixel intensity, renal length, parenchymal and cortical thickness, interlobar artery peak systolic velocity, end‐diastolic velocity (EDV), and resistive index were measured. The diagnostic accuracy of 2D‐SWE and conventional ultrasound was compared using the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and Delong test.ResultsFor diagnosing CKD, the area under the ROC (AUC) of cortical stiffness (0.96 [95% CI, 0.93, 0.99]) was significantly higher than that of all conventional ultrasound parameters, including EDV (0.78 [95% CI, 0.71, 0.86]) and cortical thickness (0.74 [95% CI, 0.67, 0.80]). The sensitivity of cortical stiffness (91%) was significantly higher than that of EDV (68%) and cortical thickness (53%). No significant difference was found in the specificity of cortical stiffness (96%) compared to that of EDV (79%) and cortical thickness (100%).ConclusionTwo‐dimensional SWE showed higher diagnostic accuracy than that of conventional ultrasound for detecting CKD.
The LTAR Grazing Land Common Experiment at Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed
Authors: Heilman Philip , Archer Steven R. , Williams C. Jason , Scott Russell L. , Goodrich David C. , Collins Chandra Holifield , Naito Adam T. , Ponce‐Campos Guillermo E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed (WGEW) Long‐Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) network common experiment addresses the aspirational practice of brush management (BM) to reverse the prevailing condition of woody plant encroachment (WPE) and increase perennial native grass production. Across the western United States, the decision to implement BM includes consideration of management objectives, cost, and the expected impact on a diverse suite of ecosystem services. Maintaining or restoring grass cover will help meet the LTAR sustainable production, economic, and social goals, and averting degradation will meet environmental goals. This common experiment, focused on hydrologic and erosion impacts of BM, aims to inform land management decisions on three major plant communities in the Southwestern United States: creosote bush (Larrea tridentata), mesquite (Prosopis velutina), and pinyon–juniper (PJ, Pinus and Juniperus spp.). On the WGEW, applying tebuthiuron pellets to creosote bush increased grass cover and reduced runoff and erosion. The 2016 BM experiment on the Santa Rita Experimental Range applied a commonly used liquid herbicide cocktail but achieved only 7% mortality on mesquite, probably because of the timing of the aerial application. Experiments manipulating rainfall amount and intensity on plots receiving fire, chemical, or mechanical BM treatments on PJ communities aim to improve process representation in simulation models. The deliverables of these BM experiments will be to (i) improve the performance of runoff and erosion models, (ii) enhance our ability to identify areas most at risk from reduced hydrologic function and soil erosion after shrub proliferation, and (iii) better predict how landscapes will respond to BM interventions. Ranchers, land management agencies, and watershed conservation organizations will benefit from training and availability of improved tools to focus treatments on areas where greatest net benefits might be realized.
A Brief Review on Different Reactions of Rhodanine
Authors: Das Paramita , Ray Suman 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT2‐Thioxo‐4‐thiazolidinone which is trivially known as rhodanine is a five‐membered heterocycle, containing a sulfur and nitrogen atom at 1 and 3 positions, respectively. It is a very attractive class of compounds, because derivatization of rhodanine yields a number of molecules having multifarious application in medicinal chemistry and biology. There are many molecules derived from rhodanine which are already being used commercially as drug molecules. So owing to the importance of rhodanine in the field of medicinal chemistry and biology, a comprehensive review familiarizing different derivatives of the parent molecule rhodanine and their syntheses is highly warranted. In this review, we have broadly categorized the reactions of rhodanine as; (a) Knoevenagel condensation through the C‐5 active methylene group with carbonyl compounds, (b) nucleophilic attack on thioxo group at position 2 of rhodanine by aliphatic amines, (c) thioxo to oxo conversion, and (d) all other reactions. So far, to the best of our knowledge, no such literature which accounts for all the different kinds of reactions of rhodanine is reported. Here, we have not only presented the reactions schemes from various literatures, but we have discussed about the advantages and inadequacies of that particular catalytic processes. Moreover, at the end of this article we have given our own critical analysis on these literature reports, based on our understanding and experience.
Changes in Water Surplus or Deficit and Possible Drivers in the North China Plain During 1961–2022
Authors: Zhang Jing , Ma Ning , Zhang Yongqiang , Guo Ying 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn the North China Plain (NCP), the assessment of water surplus or deficit (WSD), which is calculated as precipitation minus reference evapotranspiration (ET0), holds significant implications for water resource management and agricultural irrigation decision‐making, given the region's long‐standing severe shortage of water resources. However, the magnitude, trend and climatic drivers of WSD remain poorly understood in the NCP. This study analysed the spatial and temporal characteristics of WSD, and quantified the contribution of climatic factors to WSD based on the sensitivity and contribution rate analysis methods with climatic data from 75 meteorological stations. The result showed that: (1) Annual WSD decreased mainly in northeastern NCP and increased significantly in southern NCP during 1961–2022. Annual WSD increased slightly from 1961 to 2022 at a rate of 1.63 mm a−2 mainly due to the more significant decrease (−1.88 mm a−2) in ET0 compared to precipitation (−0.25 mm a−2). (2) In terms of the sensitivity of WSD to climatic factors, relative humidity had the highest sensitivity, followed by net radiation, wind speed, precipitation and average air temperature. (3) Significant declines of wind speed were the most dominant factor affecting WSD variation in most part of NCP during most of a year, and net radiation of four stations in the western high‐elevation regions played the most important role. This study enhances comprehension of the impact of climate change on WSD in the NCP and provides a reference for improving management of agricultural water resources under NCP's evolving climatic conditions.
A Multiscalar Standardized Vapor Pressure Deficit Index for Drought Monitoring and Impacts
Authors: Nwayor Isioma Jessica , Robeson Scott M. , Ficklin Darren L. , Maxwell Justin T. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTVapour pressure deficit (VPD) is a critical measure of the atmospheric demand for water and can be used to assess short‐term and seasonal drought. To provide for probabilistic comparisons of VPD across space and time, we develop a Standardized Vapor Pressure Deficit Index (SVPDI). Similar to the way that other standardised drought indices are used, SVPDI allows for the analysis and comparison of changes in VPD across regions with different base level VPD values. It also should be useful for analysing impacts on vegetation that has varying levels of adaptation to high VPD. We use 1‐, 3‐, 6‐ and 12‐month timescales for the development of SVPDI and show that the gamma distribution is superior to other zero‐limited probability distributions for analysing VPD and, therefore, for calculating SVPDI. Then, focusing on the short‐term variations at the 1‐ and 3‐month timescales, we show how SVPDI has changed globally from 1958 to 2023 and how those changes differ from those of the commonly used Standardized Precipitation Evaporation Index (SPEI). We find that SVPDI shows more widespread drying conditions that also are larger in magnitude compared to those of SPEI. Although the two indices are moderately well correlated across the terrestrial surface, we discover that they are more decoupled in humid and arid regions compared to dry sub‐humid and semi‐arid regions. Using four locations that have recently experienced severe drought, we find that SVPDI generally showed longer drought duration and more severe drought events in the last decade when compared to SPEI.
Creating a Sustainable Competitive Advantage: The Roles of Technological Innovation, Knowledge Management, and Organizational Agility
Authors: Satar Abdul , Musadieq Mochammad Al , Hutahayan Benny , Solimun Solimun 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn an era of uncertainty and rapid technological change, the ability of organizations to adapt quickly and effectively becomes a primary imperative. This research meticulously examines the contribution of organizational agility as a mediating variable in the relationship between technological innovation and knowledge management regarding sustainable competitive advantage within the context of infrastructure and technology companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The structural equation model partial least square (SEM‐PLS) method used WarpPLS software. It was found that technological innovation and knowledge management had a significant positive effect on organizational agility and sustainable competitive advantage. Moreover, organizational agility significantly and positively influences sustainable competitive advantage. In testing for indirect effects, it is shown that organizational agility is a significant positive mediating variable that bridges the relationship between technological innovation and knowledge management on sustainable competitive advantage. These findings guide strategic decision‐making, offering a nuanced understanding of organizational agility that underpins success in a rapidly evolving technological landscape.
Adverse events associated with parenteral nutrition support therapy: A pharmacovigilance study
Authors: Jing Zhou , Hongyan Xu , Jingjing Ma , Mujuan Pang , Shiyu Man , Ying Su , Yan Hu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundParenteral nutrition (PN) plays a crucial role in nutrition support therapy, yet data on related adverse events (AEs) in practical settings are scarce. To address this, we analyzed AE signals associated with PN treatment from the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.MethodsWe extracted data from the FAERS database, covering the period from the first quarter (Q1) of 2004 to Q1 of 2024. Drug names and AEs were standardized. We then conducted disproportionality analyses using four different algorithms to evaluate the association between PN and its associated AEs.ResultsWe collected a total of 48,890,925 reports from the FAERS database, of which 1642 involved PN‐related AEs. After categorization, we identified 21 system organ classes (SOCs), and hepatobiliary disorders were the only significant SOC across all four algorithms. At the preferred term (PT) level, we identified 99 PTs that showed significant disproportionality in all four algorithms. Fat overload syndrome, fatty acid deficiency, parenteral nutrition–associated liver disease (PNALD), Malassezia infection, and Pantoea agglomerans infection were the most prominent PTs. In addition, several potential new AE signals included nervous, cardiac, immune, psychiatric, blood, renal, urinary, and eye disorders.ConclusionOur study identified several common and rare PN‐related AEs reported in the FAERS database. Patients and healthcare providers should remain vigilant about these AEs. Understanding the risks of PN therapy and establishing practical procedures can help reduce AEs.