bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Smoke Yield Data Collected from Different Laboratories
Authors: Teillet B , Cahours X , Verron T , Colard S , Purkis SW 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
In the context of increasing tobacco product regulations, more requirements are observed for the reporting of smoke constituent yield data and its variability e.g., US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The objective of this work was to evaluate the relevance of the short term standard deviation to describe the variability of measurements using the dataset of the CORESTA 2006 Joint Experiment which included a number of cigarette smoke constituents more recently identified by FDA for reporting. Their testing protocol required the analysis of Kentucky Reference cigarettes 2R4F and 1R5F performing five replicates run over consecutive days, repeated during three different time periods. This dataset provided access to different sources of smoke yield variability across measurements: short term and medium term within-laboratory variability and among-laboratory variability. For each reference cigarette, analysis of variance on one factor (laboratory) combined with the Newman-Keuls multiple range test was performed to compare data generated across laboratories. Results showed that the expression of yield variability as an individual standard deviation (describing repeatability) gives erroneous conclusions due to the major contribution of amonglaboratory variability not being taken into account. The different sources of variability can be taken into account in the comparison using the critical difference, as described in the ISO Standard 5725 part 6. This paper shows the importance of having i) the appropriate statistical methods to compare results from different laboratories in order to avoid erroneous conclusions, and ii) validated and standardized methods with known precision across laboratories. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the number of replicates had only a minor effect on product comparison on the basis of the critical difference as a function of repeatability and reproducibility of the methods.
Relationship Between Mainstream Cigarette Smoke “Tar” and Nicotine Yields
Authors: Morton MJ , Laffoon SW , Lipowicz PJ , Seeman JI 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between mainstream “tar” and nicotine yields and refine the commonly used linear model with a positive intercept to incorporate non-linearity and product-toproduct differences in filler nicotine content. “Tar” and nicotine yields are examined for a wide range of cigarettes (U.S. and international) using the Cambridge filter (CF), ISO, and the more intense MDPH, and HC smoking methods. Particularly at very low machine yields, a nonlinearity is observed that can be more accurately modeled by a power law relationship, and can be further improved by incorporating the concentration of nicotine in the cigarette filler into the equation. The resultant power law relationship is the better statistical fit to the available data, avoids the physical implausibility of positive nicotine yield at zero “tar” yield and lack of dependence on filler nicotine that are inherent in the simple linear model relating nicotine yield to “tar” yield alone, and explains the nonconstancy of the “tar”-to-nicotine ratio. The relationship between “tar” and nicotine can be affected by the use of very long or very short puff intervals, and, with the same tobacco blend and the same “tar” yield, longer cigarettes tend to have a slightly higher nicotine yield than shorter cigarettes.
La ville et l'effigie. Emblématique et identités urbaines dans le Nord de la France au XXe siècle.
Authors: Gueusquin Marie-France 
Published: November 2015

Cet article est le résultat d'une enquête menée dans six localités de la région du Nord/Pas-de-Calais (Comines, Wasquehal, Noyelles, Cassel, Godewaersvelde et Maubeuge), sur l'appréhension du processus de formation des identifications communautaires urbaines. Pour cela nous partons d'un type de production symbolique commun à la région, les géants rituels. L'étude de ces emblèmes est intéressante dans le sens où par leur diversité ils vont nous fournir des informations extrêmement fines sur le fondement même de l'identité collective urbaine. La création de ces images est souvent à mettre en relation avec l'histoire d'un site, d'une pratique professionnelle interrompue ou d'individus liés à un territoire, mais disparus eux aussi. Cette valorisation du passé contribue à accorder à ces monumentales constructions une fonction commémorative qui les situe au cœur d'une histoire collective.
La conception de ces images est le fait de groupements déclarés avant pour but l'organisation de la vie festive locale. En prenant de telles initiatives de création, les groupes producteurs de mannequins rituels jouent sans contexte un rôle de tout premier plan concernant la formation de l'identité locale, l'élaboration supposant de leur part une bonne connaissance du patrimoine historique, culturel, voire anedoctique du lieu. Identité quelque peu forcée dans la mesure où le modèle choisi n'est pas consensuel pour tous, sauf bien sûr à l'intérieur de l'association dont il soutient les valeurs propres.
Siegfried Kracauer et la « métaphysique du roman policier »
Authors: Cohen-Halimi Michèle 
Published: November 2015

Brillant analyste de la vie sociale et culturelle de l’Allemagne des années vingt et trente, Siegfried Kracauer montre dans son essai Le Roman policier comment l’inscription dans une culture de masse du genre littéraire récent qu’est le « roman policier » procède d’une mutation radicale de la rationalité et des conditions « métaphysiques » de la constitution du sens. C’est étonnamment en adoptant une perspective métaphysique que Siegfried Kracauer parvient à faire des transformations du roman policier les prodromes de la terreur totalitaire qui vient.
L’agir et le faire chez Hannah Arendt : réflexions et prolongements
Authors: Jesuha Thomas 
Published: November 2015

Dans cet article, nous voudrions mettre en relief un aspect de la pensée d’Hannah Arendt qui n’est pas souvent dégagé pour lui-même, à savoir la critique que toute sa pensée adresse à ce qu’on nommera la dimension poïétique de l’activité humaine. En effet, Arendt ne cesse de critiquer les tentatives aussi bien philosophiques que politiques par lesquelles l’homme cherche à exporter l’acte de fabrication hors de son lieu artisanal – fabriquer un corps politique, fabriquer un nouvel homme, fabriquer un nouveau monde. Dans les conditions contemporaines où la technique occupe une place sans cesse grandissante, il importe de s’interroger sur la pertinence d’une telle critique et d’en explorer quelques conséquences.
« Extrême violence » et « citoyenneté/civilité » (Balibar). Le pari tragique de la convertibilité/inconvertibilité
Authors: Caloz-Tschopp Marie-claire 
Published: November 2015

La transformation du capitalisme n’a pas le rythme du déplacement des planètes. C’est une course automobile effrénée dans un temps compressé. Son « moteur », - la violence, l’extrême violence - s’étend à l’espace planétaire surexploité, saccagé. Elle tend à effacer la possibilité de la politique et de la philosophie explique Balibar, qui pose le pari tragique que la convertibilité/inconvertibilité de la violence en civilité dans un sens post-hégélien est possible mais pas garantie. C’est le pari irréductible de l’altérité, de la relation, contre celui de la tentation de l’absolu illimité , abîme où l’extrême violence nous attire. Changement de lieu, de paradigme : on passe alors d’une métaphysique déterministe du limité/illimité à une philosophie, une anthropologie politique du possible/impossible à la portée d’humains prenant en compte leur part d’inhumain dans l’action imprévisible.
Pedicle Internal Limiting Membrane Transposition Flap Technique for Refractory Macular Hole
Authors: Gekka Tamaki , Watanabe Akira , Ohkuma Yasuhiro , Arai Kota , Watanabe Tomoyuki , Tsuzuki Akane , Tsuneoka Hiroshi 
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To determine the efficacy of the pedicle internal limiting membrane (ILM) transposition flap technique for refractory macular holes (MHs) in which the inverted ILM flap technique cannot be performed.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
The pedicle ILM flap transposition technique was conducted by transconjunctival microincision vitrectomy. The authors attempted to peel the remaining ILM inferior from the MH to create an ILM flap. This ILM was still attached to the retina at the upper part of the MH and covered the MH. Finally, fluid-gas exchange was performed. After surgery, patients remained face-down for 1 week. This procedure was performed in two eyes.

RESULTS:
There were no adverse events, and MHs were closed successfully in both study eyes.

CONCLUSION:
The pedicle ILM flap transposition technique has the potential to improve functional and anatomical outcomes in patients with refractory MHs.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2015;46:1045–1046.]
A Biotechnological Approach for the Development of New Antifungal Compounds to Protect the Environment and the Human Health
Authors: Zani Claudia , Restivo Francesco Maria , Carcelli Mauro , Feretti Donatella , Pelosi Giorgio , Rogolino Dominga , Degola Francesca , Galati Serena , Bisceglie Franco , Buschini Annamaria 
Published: November 2015

Background In the Po Valley aflatoxins play a relevant role: the local food economy is heavily based on cereal cultivations for animal feed and human nutrition. Aims of this project are the identification of new compounds that inhibit Aspergillus proliferation, the development of new inhibitors of aflatoxins production, and the set-up a practical screening procedure to identify the most effective and safe compounds. Design and Methods New compounds will be synthetized with natural origin molecules as ligands and endogenous metal ions to increase their bioavailability for the fungi as metal complexes. A biotechnological high-throughput screening will be set up to identify efficiently the most powerful substances. The newly synthesized compounds with effective antifungal activities, will be evaluated with battery of tests with different end-points to assess the toxic potential risk for environmental and human health. Expected impact of the study for public health The fundamental step in the project will be the synthesis of new compounds and the study of their capability to inhibit aflatoxin biosynthesis. A new, simple, inexpensive and high-throughput method to screen the anti-fungine and anti-mycotoxin activity of the new synthesised compounds will be applied. The evaluation of possible risks for humans due to toxic and genotoxic activities of the molecules will be made with a new approach using different types of cells (bacteria, plants and human cells).
The use of οἰκονομία in a missional reading of the Gospel of Luke-Acts
Authors: Van Aarde Timohty 
Published: November 2015

The term οἰκονομία is important term the Gospel of Luke. The word οἰκονομία, in particular its meaning in Luke, is a perpetration and prerequisite for a missional reading of Luke-Acts. The dual motifs of creation and redemption are interdependently related from Genesis to Revelations. In the Gospel of Luke these motifs are unified in the sphere of the household as the most basic social structure through the οἰκονομος management of the οἰκος, the household.Die gebruik en betekenis van οἰκονομία as ’n handeling en voorvereiste vir ’n missionalelees van die Evangelie van Lukas-Handelinge. Οἰκονομία is ’n belangrike term in die Evangelie van Lukas. Die woord οἰκονομία en veral die betekenis daarvan in Lukas is ’n handeling envoorvereiste vir ’n missionale lees van Lukas-Handelinge. Die twee motiewe van skepping en verlossing is interafhanklik aan mekaar verbind vanaf Genesis tot Openbaring. In die Evangelie van Lukas word hierdie motiewe saamgebind in die sfeer van die huishouding as die mees basiese sosiale struktuur deur die οἰκονομος bestuur van die οἰκος, die huishouding.
A Numerical Scheme for Generalized Peierls-Nabarro Model of Dislocations Based on the Fast Multipole Method and Iterative Grid Redistribution
Authors: Zhu Aiyu , Jin Congming , Zhao Degang , Xiang Yang , Huang Jingfang 
Published: November 2015

AbstractDislocations are line defects in crystalline materials. The Peierls-Nabarro models are hybrid models that incorporate atomic structure of dislocation core into continuum framework. In this paper, we present a numerical method for a generalized Peierls-Nabarro model for curved dislocations, based on the fast multipole method and the iterative grid redistribution. The fast multipole method enables the calculation of the long-range elastic interaction within operations that scale linearly with the total number of grid points. The iterative grid redistribution places more mesh nodes in the regions around the dislocations than in the rest of the domain, thus increases the accuracy and efficiency. This numerical scheme improves the available numerical methods in the literature in which the long-range elastic interactions are calculated directly from summations in the physical domains; and is more flexible to handle problems with general boundary conditions compared with the previous FFT based method which applies only under periodic boundary conditions. Numerical examples using this method on the core structures of dislocations in Al and Cu and in epitaxial thin films are presented.
The Vital Role of Gender Diversity on Corporate Outcomes: The Need for Empirical Studies Concerning Frontier Markets
Authors: Badru Bazeet Olayemi , Bagudu Hauwa Daniyan , Alfa Abdulmumini Baba , Alfa Abdulmumini Baba 
Published: November 2015

<p>The purpose of the study is to review empirical studies related to gender diversity on corporate outcomes and suggest the need for more empirical research on gender diversity in frontier markets. Several empirical studies have identified the need for a critical mass of female directors and executives in corporate firms. This review further justifies the clamour for more female representation on boards globally. Nigeria is a country that has very weak corporate governance compared to the United States (US) and other developed countries. Therefore, the present study suggests that more empirical studies in this area should be carried out and widely explored. It is hoped that capital market regulatory authority can consider the need for 35% women in public institutions and corporate settings. In other words, there is an urgent need for the implementation of this policy as this would have implications for women’s development and career planning.</p>
A Trying Five Years
Authors: Machor James L. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Despite extensive scholarly work on Twain's early writing career, little detailed attention has been paid to the reception of the four books that followed the success of Innocents Abroad: Mark Twain's (Burlesque) Autobiography and First Romance, Roughing It, The Gilded Age, and Sketches New and Old. That is a significant omission because the public and private responses to these four books marked an important stage in the development of Twain's status and reputation. Twain followed the whirlwind success of Innocents with repeated attempts to produce books that would enhance his popularity and bring in substantial royalties. Unfortunately, none of the four he published was able to match Innocents in sales, and while common readers responded quite positively to Roughing It and The Gilded Age, the reception of all four books in the public sphere was at best mixed, producing a trying five years for Twain.
Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) Online: An Anecdotal Case Study Related to Engaging ISIS Members and Sympathizers (from North America, Western Europe, and Australia) on Twitter
Authors: Shaikh Mubin 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
As the conflict in Syria has escalated and the attention paid to foreign fighters increases, many Western citizens who have joined extremist groups (particularly that which calls itself the “Islamic State” or ISIS) have taken to posting tales of their exploits on various social networking platforms. They do this for both propaganda and recruitment purposes, as well as to project onto themselves a romanticized version of Islamic history. This article documents attempts by the author to interact with ISIS and its followers through online messaging by direct involvement on Twitter and by engaging individuals and networks sympathetic to extremist messaging.
“Contesting the Space”: Adversarial Online Engagement as a Tool for Combating Violent Extremism
Authors: Fernandez Alberto 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The rise of social media as a tool by Salafi Jihadist organizations for mobilization and propaganda engendered a variety of responses by governments. One controversial and prominent effort was the work of the U.S. Center for Strategic Counterterrorism Communications (CSCC) from 2011 to 2014. Aggressively responding to al-Qa'ida/ISIS propaganda in the space they had previously monopolized, this small low-budget but high profile effort succeeded in attracting the ire of terrorist communicators and their supporters, who exerted efforts to block or blunt counter-messaging. Despite the response, the overall effectiveness of this experiment in freewheeling adversarial engagement is unclear.
Medicine and Politics: The Primitive Physic and Early American Methodism
Authors: Georgian Elizabeth A. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT
While John Wesley's Primitive Physick is well known, this article explores its role in early American Methodist politics. Bishop Francis Asbury used it to prove his devotion to Wesley and America and to triumph in his battle with rival James O'Kelly over the structure of the American Church. In doing so, he dramatically transformed the work and solidified his position as the architect of the Methodist Episcopal Church. By partnering with American Methodist physician, Henry Wilkins, he transformed Wesley's work into The Family Advisor, and successfully rebranded himself, the Methodist Episcopal Church, and his book as distinctly American.
Laws and Policies on Sustainable Development of China’s Small Hydropower
Authors: Luo Guoliang , Wang Tao , Sun Rong 
Published: November 2015

<p>China boasts fairly plentiful water energy in its rural areas, ranking No. 1 in the world. China has made great social, economic and ecological achievements in small hydropower (SHP) development. But SHP development in the rural areas is still confronting unavoidable realistic contradictions: the absence of nationwide laws and compensation institutions and the ambiguity in supervision responsibility. The paper proposes pertinent countermeasures against major problems in laws and policies for China’s SHP development. </p>
The Implementation of High Performance Work System in Public Organizations: Implication for Organizational Performance.
Authors: Ugheoke Solomon Ozemoyah 
Published: November 2015

<p>Abstract</p> <p>A principal concern express among organizational researchers is to understand why some organizations irrespective of size, location and sector outperform others. High performance work system (HPWS) offers an explanation for this phenomenon. The implementation of unique practices leads some organizations to outperform others and give organizations the competitive advantage over others. While it has been well established that HPWS practices affect organizational performance within a large and complex organizations, less have been empirically established if they also create benefit for public organizations and this has generated concerns among researchers in the field of HPWS. Following this argument, this study examines this theoretical gap with a survey data collected from employees in the public sector. Overall, three dimensions of HPWS were identified by the researchers and the level of awareness was assessed on a seven point Likert scale. We found that two out of the three dimensions of HPWS identified in this have a positive relationship with organizational performance.</p> <p>Keywords: HPWS, organizational performance, selective training and development, PMS, individual role.</p> <p> </p>
Characterizing the Gap between Accounting Education and Practice: Evidence from Lebanon
Authors: Majzoub Salam , Aga Mehmet 
Published: November 2015

<p>Over the past few decades, there has been a widening gap between accounting education and accounting practice. In this article, we present a novel framework that aims to understand this gap by analyzing the accounting educational system and profession from the perspective of the International Accounting Education Standards (IAES). We further consider Lebanon as a case study for thoroughly investigating the accounting educational system and characterizing the gap.</p><p> This study is the first of its kind in analyzing the five main groups of stakeholders in this system (fresh graduates, employees, professors, department heads, and employers) and comparing their perspectives about the competencies of accounting graduates. As part of our framework, we introduce a model that captures the interactions between the various stakeholders of the accounting educational and professional system. We then thoroughly probe the various components of this model theoretically, as well as through qualitative and quantitative studies.</p>Our findings show that while, theoretically, the accounting curriculum incorporates the competencies stipulated by the IAES, in practice, there is a large gap in how the various stakeholders assess the proficiencies of fresh accounting graduates in these competencies. Alarmingly, employers believe that accounting graduates lack the required technical competencies for the job market, while professors, department heads, and students believe that fresh graduates have acquired the required competencies by the time of graduation. In this paper, we investigate the reasons for this gap, characterize it in details, and propose recommendations for bridging it.
Are 3‐D coronal mass ejection parameters from single‐view observations consistent with multiview ones?
Authors: Lee Harim , Moon Y.‐J. , Na Hyeonock , Jang Soojeong , Lee Jae‐Ok 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTo prepare for when only single‐view observations are available, we have made a test whether the 3‐D parameters (radial velocity, angular width, and source location) of halo coronal mass ejections (HCMEs) from single‐view observations are consistent with those from multiview observations. For this test, we select 44 HCMEs from December 2010 to June 2011 with the following conditions: partial and full HCMEs by SOHO and limb CMEs by twin STEREO spacecraft when they were approximately in quadrature. In this study, we compare the 3‐D parameters of the HCMEs from three different methods: (1) a geometrical triangulation method, the STEREO CAT tool developed by NASA/CCMC, for multiview observations using STEREO/SECCHI and SOHO/LASCO data, (2) the graduated cylindrical shell (GCS) flux rope model for multiview observations using STEREO/SECCHI data, and (3) an ice cream cone model for single‐view observations using SOHO/LASCO data. We find that the radial velocities and the source locations of the HCMEs from three methods are well consistent with one another with high correlation coefficients (≥0.9). However, the angular widths by the ice cream cone model are noticeably underestimated for broad CMEs larger than 100° and several partial HCMEs. A comparison between the 3‐D CME parameters directly measured from twin STEREO spacecraft and the above 3‐D parameters shows that the parameters from multiview are more consistent with the STEREO measurements than those from single view.
α‐Arylation/Heteroarylation of Chiral α‐Aminomethyltrifluoroborates by Synergistic Iridium Photoredox/Nickel Cross‐Coupling Catalysis
Authors: El Khatib Mirna , Serafim Ricardo Augusto Massarico , Molander Gary A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractDirect access to complex, enantiopure benzylamine architectures using a synergistic iridium photoredox/nickel cross‐coupling dual catalysis strategy has been developed. New C(sp3)C(sp2) bonds are forged starting from abundant and inexpensive natural amino acids.