bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geochemistry of source rocks and oil–source rock correlation in the Hetaoyuan Formation of the Nanyang Sag, Nanxiang Basin, eastern China
Authors: Wang Zhongnan , Liu Guangdi , Gao Ping , Chen Wan , Yang Yuran , Lei Yuhong , Zhang Likuan , Zhang Chaoqian , Yang Daoqing 
Published: January 2018

The Nanyang Sag in the Nanxiang Basin, eastern China, has a large petroleum resource, although the genetic potential of source rocks and oil–rock correlation in the Paleogene Hetaoyuan Formation is unclear. Organic geochemistry and molecular geochemistry analyses of mudstone and oil samples were performed to evaluate source rock potential, classify oil groups, and establish accurate oil–source rock correlation. The results suggest that the second member (Eh2) and the third member (Eh3) of the Hetaoyuan Formation are good source rocks, contain abundant organic matter and oil‐prone kerogen, and are thermally mature. Oil samples from Eh2 and Eh3 were separated into 3 groups derived from different source rocks. Group I oils are mainly distributed in the Eh2 and Eh3 members around the Dongzhuang (Dongz) structure belt and are characterized by a low saturated hydrocarbon content (SAT, 39.07–49.54%), high total resin (RE) and asphaltene (ASP) content (17.22–22.80%), low gammacerane index (gammacerane/C3017α(H)‐hopane < 0.60), and low Pr/Ph (<0.7). The organic matter is in an early mature stage and is mainly sourced from algae and land plants. The oils of this group are derived from the Eh2 and Eh3 source rocks around the Dongz secondary sag. Group II oils occur in the Eh2 around the Weigang–Beimazhuang (Weig–Beimz) structure belt and north of the Zhangdian–Heilongmiao (Zhangd–Heilm) structure belt and have intermediate SAT, RE, and ASP contents, a low gammacerane index (<0.47), and high Pr/Ph (0.72–1.25). The organic matter includes mainly algae and land plants. The source rocks should be the Eh2 and Eh3 in the Dongz and Niusanmen (Niusm) secondary sags. Group III oils are located in the Eh3 just north of the Weig–Beimz and Zhangd–Heilm structure belts, with a high SAT (55.62–78.42%), low RE and ASP proportion (3.60–6.16%), high gammacerane index (>0.88), and low Pr/Ph (<0.72). This organic matter is composed of mostly land plants. The oils in this group are mainly derived from the Eh3 near Baiqiu (Baiq).
Neotectonic movement in the southern margin of the Ordos Block inferred from the Qianhe River terraces near the north of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Chen Shu‐E , Fan Shuang‐Hu , Wang Xiao‐Zhao , Wang Ren‐Peng , Liu Yi‐Liang , Yang Liu‐Chen , Ning Xiao‐Hong , Li Rongxi 
Published: January 2018

The Qianhe River flows between the Liupanshan Orogen and the Ordos Block, with the river valley controlled by the southern margin fault of the Ordos Block. Five asymmetrical terraces exist on the banks of the Qianhe River, which correspond to the five terraces of the Wei River. Each terrace is composed of alluvial deposits at the bottom beneath loess deposits, which are characterized by alternating loess (L) and paleosol (S) layers, with the basal layers of the loess deposits being S0, S1, S53, S8, and L15from T1 to T5. The heights of the five terraces T5, T4, T3, T2, and T1 are 220 to 260 m, 130 to 160 m, 60 to 80 m, 20 to 30 m, and 8 to 10 m, respectively, above the present valley, and their ages are 1.2, 0.8, 0.5, 0.13, and 0.01 Ma, respectively. These ages are generally consistent with the several uplift periods of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau in the medium and late stages. Therefore, neotectonic movement is the controlling factor of river terrace formation in the periphery of the Ordos Block. According to the south‐west movement of the river channel in the lower reaches of the Qianhe River, it can be estimated that the Ordos Block rotated about 20° counterclockwise in the Pleistocene.
Parvalbumin interneuron mediated feedforward inhibition controls signal output in the deep layers of the perirhinal‐entorhinal cortex
Authors: Willems Janske G. P. , Wadman Wytse J. , Cappaert Natalie L. M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe perirhinal (PER) and lateral entorhinal (LEC) cortex form an anatomical link between the neocortex and the hippocampus. However, neocortical activity is transmitted through the PER and LEC to the hippocampus with a low probability, suggesting the involvement of the inhibitory network. This study explored the role of interneuron mediated inhibition, activated by electrical stimulation in the agranular insular cortex (AiP), in the deep layers of the PER and LEC. Activated synaptic input by AiP stimulation rarely evoked action potentials in the PER‐LEC deep layer excitatory principal neurons, most probably because the evoked synaptic response consisted of a small excitatory and large inhibitory conductance. Furthermore, parvalbumin positive (PV) interneurons—a subset of interneurons projecting onto the axo‐somatic region of principal neurons—received synaptic input earlier than principal neurons, suggesting recruitment of feedforward inhibition. This synaptic input in PV interneurons evoked varying trains of action potentials, explaining the fast rising, long lasting synaptic inhibition received by deep layer principal neurons. Altogether, the excitatory input from the AiP onto deep layer principal neurons is overruled by strong feedforward inhibition. PV interneurons, with their fast, extensive stimulus‐evoked firing, are able to deliver this fast evoked inhibition in principal neurons. This indicates an essential role for PV interneurons in the gating mechanism of the PER‐LEC network.
Groundwater monitoring at the watershed scale: An evaluation of recharge and nonpoint source pollutant loading in the Clear Creek Watershed, Iowa
Authors: Schilling Keith E. , Streeter Matthew T. , Bettis E. Arthur , Wilson Christopher G. , Papanicolaou Athanasios N. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDetermining the groundwater contribution of nonpoint source pollution at a watershed scale is a challenging issue. In this study, we utilized a top‐down approach to characterize representative groundwater response units (GRUs) based on land use and landscape position (e.g., upland, sideslope, or floodplain) in the 275‐km2 Clear Creek Watershed, Iowa. Groundwater monitoring wells were then established along downslope transects in representative GRUs. This unique combination of top‐down/bottom‐up approaches allowed us to estimate groundwater pollutant loads at the watershed scale with minimal monitoring. For the 2015 study period, results indicated that more groundwater recharge occurred in the floodplain (404 mm) compared to the uplands or sideslopes (281 and 165 mm, respectively), irrespective of land use. Recharge in the floodplains consisted of 37% of the annual precipitation, whereas upland wells averaged 26% and sideslopes averaged 15% of the annual precipitation. Less recharge was found to occur beneath perennial grass compared to row crop and urbanized areas. Baseflow discharge accounted for 69% of the total NO3‐N exported from the Clear Creek Watershed, with row crop areas contributing approximately 95% of the annual load. Orthophosphorus (OP) yields were approximately 0.72 kg/ha beneath urban and suburban areas, three times higher than those in row crop or perennial areas. Urban and suburban areas accounted for 21.4% of groundwater orthophosphorus and chloride loads in the watershed compared to only 8.5% of the land area. Overall, the groundwater load allocation model for baseflow nutrient discharge to Clear Creek can be used to target future nonpoint source load reduction strategies at the watershed scale. The use of GRUs can pinpoint better areas of concern for controlling nutrient loads.
The effect of surgery on subsequent pregnancy outcomes among patients with cesarean scar diverticulum
Authors: Cheng Xian‐Ying , Cheng Li , Li Wen‐Juan , Qian Lin‐Hua , Zhang Yong‐Qin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether surgical treatment of cesarean scar diverticulum (CSD) reduced adverse outcomes during the subsequent pregnancy.MethodsA retrospective observational study was conducted using the medical records of pregnant women with CSD who attended a single hospital in Hangzhou, China, between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2016. Baseline characteristics and pregnancy outcomes were compared between the surgery group and the no surgery group.ResultsThere were 106 patients included in the study, 83 in the surgery group and 23 in the no surgery group. The CSD size was greater in all dimensions for the surgery group versus the no surgery group: length (P<0.001), width (P=0.001), and depth (P=0.030). The remaining myometrium was thinner among women in the surgery group than those in the no surgery group (P=0.011). In all, 76 (91.6%) women in the surgery group were symptomatic. The incidence of live delivery pregnancy was higher (P=0.033) and the incidence of cesarean scar pregnancy was lower (P=0.019) in the surgery group versus the no surgery group. Surgery increased the thickness of the lower uterine segment (P<0.001); however, it did not reduce the risks of placenta previa or placenta accreta (P=0.683) and uterine dehiscence or uterine rupture (P=0.458).ConclusionSurgical intervention reduced the incidence of cesarean scar pregnancy and increased the number of live deliveries.
Hydrolysis by catalytic IgGs of microRNA specific for patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Ermakov Evgeny A. , Ivanova Svetlana A. , Buneva Valentina N. , Nevinsky Georgy A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSignificant importance of autoimmune changes in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia (SCZ) is not established. Here, we present the first evidence that autoantibodies of 100% SCZ patients possess RNase activity: сCMP > poly(C) > poly(A) > yeast RNA. In addition, we have got an unexpected result: there was revealed site‐specific hydrolysis of four known SCZ specific microRNAs (miR‐137, miR‐9‐5p, miR‐219‐2‐3p, and miR‐219a‐5p) playing an important role in the regulation of several genes functioning. Three major of cleavage sites are located in the microRNA loops or duplex parts directly articulated with the loops. RNase abzymes can contribute to decreasing of microRNAs effects on the functioning of numerous genes and the products of their transcription. Therefore, abzymes with RNase activity may be to some extent important for the development of schizophrenia. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(2):153–164, 2018
Association of genetic variants in the interleukin‐18 gene promoter with risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and metastasis in patients with hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Bakr Noha M. , Awad Ashraf , A. Moustafa Emad 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary malignancy of the liver, characterized by high vascularization and rapid tumor progression. The current case–control study aimed to analyze the influence of −607C/A and −137G/C polymorphisms in the interleukin‐18 (IL‐18) promoter on the risk of HCC occurrence and metastasis in Egyptian patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Both genetic variations were genotyped in 279 subjects including HCV patients with and without HCC and unrelated healthy subjects, using the allele‐specific polymerase chain reaction (AS‐PCR) method. The relationship between clinico‐laboratory parameters including serum level of alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) and these polymorphisms was evaluated in HCC patients. The IL‐18‐607A allele and AA genotype were significantly related to a higher risk of developing HCC when comparing patients with HCC and controls, and were significantly related to a higher risk of metastasis when comparing metastatic and nonmetastatic groups in the Egyptian patients. In contrast, the IL18‐137C allele and GC genotype were significantly related to a lower risk of developing HCC when comparing patients with HCC and controls, and HCV patients with and without HCC. A significant association was found between multinodular HCC and IL‐18‐607AA genotype, while, uninodular HCC was significantly associated with IL‐18‐137GG genotype. In addition, IL18‐607AA and −137GG genotypes showed significant association with higher level of serum AFP. The detection of polymorphisms in the IL‐18 promoter, in a combination with an evaluation of level of serum AFP, could be used as a molecular biomarker in the early diagnosis of HCC, which would aid the early management of the disease, thus decreasing the rate of mortality of this disease. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(2):165–174, 2018
Breaking Silence and Amplifying Voices: Youths Writing and Performing Their Worlds
Authors: Flores Tracey T. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe author explores the experiences of adolescent youths (ages 13–21) through their participation in the Youth Writing Collective (YWC), a free creative writing program sponsored by the local university. For one week, youths attendedYWCworkshops, where they were invited to write, share, and perform stories from their lived realities. Situated in Arizona, a state with mandated English‐only polices and restrictive curricula, this study highlights the possibilities that exist when we create spaces with and for youths to utilize writing and performing as a tool to break silence and amplify voices while examining and challenging their worlds. In addition, the author highlights how participation in theYWCsupported youths in raising their collective awareness of issues present in their lives while fighting to create their place in the world.
Biomechanical, histological, and computed X‐ray tomographic analyses of hydroxyapatite coated PEEK implants in an extended healing model in rabbit
Authors: Johansson Pär , Barkarmo Sargon , Hawthan Mohammed , Peruzzi Niccolò , Kjellin Per , Wennerberg Ann 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA nanosized hydroxyapatite (HA) modification on polyetheretherketone (PEEK) using a novel spin coating technique was investigated in a rabbit model. Spin coating technique creates a 20–40 nm thick layer of nanosized HA particles with similar shape, size, and crystallinity as human bone. Some implants were designed with a perforating hole in the apical region to mimic a fusion chamber of a spinal implant. The coating nano‐structures were assessed using a scanning electron microscope. The in vivo response to HA‐PEEK was compared to untreated PEEK with respect to removal torque, histomorphometry, and computed microtomography. The HA‐coated and pure PEEK implants were inserted in the tibia and femur bone according to simple randomization. The rabbits were sacrificed 20 weeks after implantation. Removal torque analysis showed significantly higher values for HA‐PEEK. Qualitative histological evaluation revealed an intimate contact between PEEK and the bone at the threads and perforated hole. Histomorphometric assessment showed higher bone‐implant and bone area values for HA‐PEEK but without statistical significance. The effect of the HA coating showed most prominent effect in the removal torque which may be correlated to an alteration in the bone quality around the HA‐PEEK implants. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1440–1447, 2018.
Redox‐Dependent Bone Alkaline Phosphatase Dysfunction Drives Part of the Complex Bone Phenotype in Mice Deficient for Memo1
Authors: Moor Matthias B , Ramakrishnan Suresh K , Legrand Finola , Dolder Silvia , Siegrist Mark , Durussel Fanny , Centeno Gabriel , Firsov Dmitri , Hynes Nancy E , Hofstetter Willy , Bonny Olivier 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTMediator of ErbB2‐driven cell Motility 1 (MEMO1) is an intracellular redox protein that integrates growth factors signaling with the intracellular redox state. We have previously reported that mice lacking Memo1 displayed higher plasma calcium levels and other alterations of mineral metabolism, but the underlying mechanism was unresolved and the bone phenotype was not described. Here, we show that Cre/lox‐mediated MEMO1 deletion in the whole body of C57Bl/6 mice (Memo cKO) leads to severely altered trabecular bone and lower mineralization, with preserved osteoblast and osteoclast number and activity, but altered osteoblast response to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and FGF2. More strikingly, Memo cKO mice display decreased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in serum and in bone, while ALPL expression level is unchanged. Bone intracellular redox state is significantly altered in Memo cKO mice and we inferred that ALP dimerization was reduced in Memo cKO mice. Indeed, despite similar ALP oxidation, we found increased ALP sensitivity to detergent in Memo cKO bone leading to lower ALP dimerization capability. Thus, we report a severe bone phenotype and dysfunctional bone ALP with local alteration of the redox state in Memo cKO mice that partially mimics hypophosphatasia, independent of ALPL mutations. These findings reveal Memo as a key player in bone homeostasis and underline a role of bone redox state in controlling ALP activity. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Test‐1 analyzer and conventional Westergren method for erythrocyte sedimentation rate: A comparative study between two laboratories
Authors: Sonmez Cigdem , Dogan Ozlem Ceylan , Kaymak Aysegul Ozturk , Akkaya Nedim , Akin Kadir Okhan , Guntas Gulcan 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundMeasurement of the length of sedimentation reaction in blood (LSRB), also called erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), is a widely used hematology test. This study intends to compare ESR levels measured by Test‐1 method and International Council for Standardization in Hematology's (ICSH) reference method, and analyzes the effect of hematocrit (Hct) on ESR results.Material and MethodsA total of 755 patients from 2 hospitals were included in the study, and samples with EDTA were studied by Test‐1 method for ESR measurement and total blood count, whereas citrated samples were studied with reference Westergren method. Then, 2 methods were compared. Distribution of ESR results according to the ESR(≤20, >20 mm/h) and Hct(≥35%, <35%) levels and hospital type was analyzed. ESR levels with Hct levels<35% were corrected with Fabry's formula.ResultsThe mean and SD values for the Test‐1 method, reference Westergren method, and corrected ESR measurement were 21.30 ± 18.39, 28.59 ± 25.82, and 24.92 ± 20.58 mm/h, respectively. Within the whole group, the correlation coefficient (r) was .77 (.7‐.80) with a significance level P < .001. Passing‐Bablok regression analysis of the methods resulted in a regression equation y = 1.00 (95% Cl: 0.43‐1.88) + 0.75 (95% Cl: 0.70‐0.78)x while the significance of linearity was acceptable (P < .01). All subgroup linear regression analyses revealed that the correlation was acceptable, except ESR > 20 mm/h group, Hct < 35% group, and corrected ESR group (significance level were P > .10).ConclusionThe study showed that the role of the hospital and the capacity of testing are important in choosing the instrument for measuring ESR. Furthermore, the patient profile, especially malignancy possibility and Hct level, may be important for instrument selection.
Memory B cell heterogeneity: Remembrance of things past
Authors: Harms Pritchard Gretchen , Pepper Marion 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
B cells that persist for long periods of time after antigen encounter exist as either antibody-producing plasma cells (long-lived plasma cells, LLPCs) that reside primarily in the bone marrow or rapidly responsive memory B cells (MBCs) that reside in the spleen and circulation. Although LLPCs are thought to be non-responsive to a secondary infection, MBCs respond to subsequent infection through the production of antibody-secreting cells, formation of new germinal centers (GCs), and repopulation of the memory pool. Dogma suggests that MBCs express class-switched, somatically hypermutated BCRs after undergoing a GC reaction. Yet this narrow view of MBCs has been challenged over the years and it is now well recognized that diverse MBC subsets exist in both rodents and humans. Here, we review current thoughts on the phenotypic and functional characteristics of MBCs, focusing on a population of somatically hypermutated, high affinity IgM+ MBCs that are rapidly responsive to a secondary malaria infection.
Subchorionic Hematoma: Correlation of Grading Techniques With First‐Trimester Pregnancy Outcome
Authors: Heller Howard T. , Asch Elizabeth A. , Durfee Sara M. , Goldenson Robin P. , Peters Hope E. , Ginsburg Elizabeth S. , Doubilet Peter M. , Benson Carol B. 
Published: January 2018

ObjectivesTo evaluate and compare grading systems of subchorionic hematoma (SCH) on first‐trimester ultrasound examinations with live embryos to assess which best correlates with early pregnancy outcome and to assess the effect of gestational age at the time of diagnosis on outcome.MethodsFirst‐trimester live singleton pregnancies between 6 and 11 weeks' gestational age with SCH were identified by an institutional database search. First‐trimester outcome was categorized as “live” or “demise” based on ultrasound or medical record documentation. Hematomas were categorized in 4 ways: (1) subjective (small, moderate, or large); (2) subjective size based on fraction comparison with gestational sac size; (3) subjective grading based on the estimated percentage of the gestational sac surrounded by hematoma; and (4) 3 orthogonal measurements of the hematoma.ResultsA total of 434 sonograms met study inclusion criteria. The overall rate of first‐trimester pregnancy failure was 12.0%. The rate of demise was significantly higher for hematomas diagnosed at or before 7 weeks (19.6%) than for those after 8 weeks (3.6%; P < .001). The size of the hematoma estimated as a fraction of gestational sac size significantly correlated with first‐trimester pregnancy loss (P < .001). There was no statistical significance between first‐trimester outcome and the other 2 subjective grading methods. Volume‐based measurements provided spurious results because of the irregular shape of most hematomas.ConclusionsSubjective hematoma size based on the fraction of gestational sac size correlates best with first‐trimester pregnancy outcome. The earlier in pregnancy an SCH is detected, the higher the rate of subsequent pregnancy failure.
ChemKED: A Human‐ and Machine‐Readable Data Standard for Chemical Kinetics Experiments
Authors: Weber Bryan W. , Niemeyer Kyle E. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTFundamental experimental measurements of quantities such as ignition delay times, laminar flame speeds, and species profiles (among others) serve important roles in understanding fuel chemistry and validating chemical kinetic models. However, despite both the importance and abundance of such information in the literature, the community lacks a widely adopted standard format for this data. This impedes both sharing and wide use by the community. Here we introduce a new chemical kinetics experimental data format, ChemKED and the related Python‐based package for validating and working with ChemKED‐formatted files called PyKED. We also review past and related efforts and motivate the need for a new solution. ChemKED currently supports the representation of autoignition delay time measurements from shock tubes and rapid compression machines. ChemKED‐formatted files contain all of the information needed to simulate experimental data points, including the uncertainty of the data. ChemKED is based on the YAML data serialization language and is intended as a human‐ and machine‐readable standard for easy creation and automated use. Development of ChemKED and PyKED occurs openly on GitHub under the BSD 3‐clause license, and contributions from the community are welcome. Plans for future development include support for experimental data from laminar flame, jet‐stirred reactor, and speciation measurements.