bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mutational Pleiotropy and the Strength of Stabilizing Selection Within and Between Functional Modules of Gene Expression
Authors: Collet Julie M , McGuigan Katrina , Allen Scott L , Chenoweth Stephen F , Blows Mark W 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCollet et al. adopt a high-dimensional quantitative genetic approach using gene expression traits to test for the presence of modularity of the genotype-phenotype map, where traits contributing to the same function (functional modularity)...Variational modules, sets of pleiotropically covarying traits, affect phenotypic evolution, and therefore are predicted to reflect functional modules, such that traits within a variational module also share a common function. Such an alignment of function and pleiotropy is expected to facilitate adaptation by reducing the deleterious effects of mutations, and by allowing coordinated evolution of functionally related sets of traits. Here, we adopt a high-dimensional quantitative genetic approach using a large number of gene expression traits in Drosophila serrata to test whether functional grouping, defined by gene ontology (GO terms), predicts variational modules. Mutational or standing genetic covariance was significantly greater than among randomly grouped sets of genes for 38% of our functional groups, indicating that GO terms can predict variational modularity to some extent. We estimated stabilizing selection acting on mutational covariance to test the prediction that functional pleiotropy would result in reduced deleterious effects of mutations within functional modules. Stabilizing selection within functional modules was weaker than that acting on randomly grouped sets of genes in only 23% of functional groups, indicating that functional alignment can reduce deleterious effects of pleiotropic mutation but typically does not. Our analyses also revealed the presence of variational modules that spanned multiple functions.
Length of Stay and Hospital Revisit After Bacterial Tracheostomy–Associated Respiratory Tract Infection Hospitalizations
Authors: Russell Christopher J. , Mamey Mary R. , Koh Joyce Y. , Schrager Sheree M. , Neely Michael N. , Wu Susan 
Published: February 2018

OBJECTIVES:To identify factors associated with longer length of stay (LOS) and higher 30-day hospital revisit rates for children hospitalized with bacterial tracheostomy–associated respiratory tract infections (bTARTIs).METHODS:This was a multicenter, retrospective cohort study using administrative data from the Pediatric Health Information System database between 2007 and 2014 of patients 30 days to 17 years old with a principal discharge diagnosis of bTARTI or a principal discharge diagnosis of bTARTI symptoms with a secondary diagnosis of bTARTI. Primary outcomes of LOS (in days) and 30-day all-cause revisit rates (inpatient, observation, or emergency department visit) were analyzed by using a 3-level hierarchical regression model (discharges within patients within hospital).RESULTS:We included 3715 unique patients and 7355 discharges. The median LOS was 4 days (interquartile range: 3–8 days), and the 30-day revisit rate was 30.5%. Compared with children 1 to 4 years old, children aged 30 days to 12 months had both longer LOS (adjusted length of stay [aLOS] = +0.9 days; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.6 to 1.3) and increased hospital revisit risk (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.3 to 1.7). Other factors associated with longer LOS included public insurance (aLOS = +0.5 days; 95% CI: 0.2 to 0.8), 3 or more complex chronic conditions (CCCs), mechanical ventilation (acute or chronic), and empirical anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa antibiotics (aLOS = +0.6 days; 95% CI: 0.3 to 0.9). Other factors associated with 30-day revisit included 4 or more CCCs (aOR = 1.3; 95% CI: 1.1 to 1.6) and chronic ventilator dependency (aOR = 1.1; 95% CI: 1.0 to 1.3).CONCLUSIONS:Ventilator-dependent patients &lt;12 months old with at least 4 CCCs are at highest risk for both longer LOS and 30-day revisit after discharge for bTARTIs. They may benefit from bTARTI prevention strategies and intensive care coordination while hospitalized.
Mechanical Properties of Lining Leathers Finished with the Addition of Oregano Essential Oil
Authors: Bielak Elżbieta , Marcinkowska Ewa 
Published: February 2018

The hygienic properties of lining leathers can be improved significantly by introducing oregano essential oil into leathers. This is because adding antiseptic oil makes leathers more resistant to microorganisms that are potentially harmful to humans and cause damage to animal leathers. The paper presents the results of tests to check selected mechanical properties – tensile strength, elongation and tear load – of leathers fatliquored with oregano essential oil at a concentration of 3% w/w and without this treatment. The tests were carried out on the Instron 5544 testing machine.The leathers enriched with oil met the standard requirements set for lining leathers for of the parameters: tensile strength and elongation. Statistical analysis using the chi-squared, Hartley and Fisher-Snedecor tests at an assumed significance level of α = 0.05 revealed that leather enriched with oregano essential oil has a significantly higher tensile strength than leather fatliquored without this oil, while both leather samples showed no significant difference in elongation and tear load. Thus, it can be concluded that adding 3% w/w of oil will have not have an adverse effect on basic mechanical properties of leathers.
Wpływ modelowych czynników fizycznych na dynamikę przemian oksydacyjnych olejów tłoczonych na zimno
Authors: Kondratowicz-Pietruszka Elżbieta , Ostasz Lidia 
Published: February 2018

The objective of this research project was to determine the effect of high temperatures and UV irradiation on the dynamics of oxidation of selected cold-pressed oils. The composition of fatty acids in the oil samples and their characteristic numbers were determined. The oil samples were heated to temperatures of: 80, 100 and 110ºC without irradiation, and after UV irradiation. Measurements of the peroxide value during heating were used to determine the oxidation changes. It was determined that that value rose along with the temperature. The processes studied were characterised by varying dynamics, a fact confirmed by the values of rate constants and the ratios of these rate constants for comparable processes. Stability periods were calculated for oil samples heated at the three temperatures, and subjected to UV irradiation prior to heating. The tests demonstrated that both an increase in temperature and irradiation result in the oils having a clearly shorter stability period.
A Intervenção Psicopedagógica pelo viés da Gestalt-Terapia
Authors: Moraes Lucineide Fernandes , Fonseca Gabriela Fernandes Moraes 
Published: February 2018

<p>O presente artigo propõe questionamentos e reflexões acerca do atendimento psicopedagógico sob a perspectiva da Gestalt-Terapia. Nosso objetivo é mostrar que o processo de crescimento do ser humano pode ser pautado numa relação integradora com seu ambiente, na medida em que este não lhe for apresentado de maneira hostil e amedrontadora. A prática da psicopedagogia se aplica à aprendizagem, seja ela de caráter individual, grupal ou institucional. Lembramos que a aprendizagem se inicia desde o primeiro contato do sujeito com o mundo externo e se perpetua por toda a vida, portanto é imprescindível levar em conta os acontecimentos desde a infância à vida adulta, o que nos faz considerar a aprendizagem “ad eterno”. A Gestalt-Terapia muito contribui para esta reflexão, na medida em que traz como pressuposto a concepção de que o homem é um ser-em-relação com o mundo, repleto de potencialidades e capaz de dar sentido à sua existência, a partir de suas percepções e experiências no contato com o mundo. Cabe, portanto, a nós – educadores, pais, adultos e profissionais da saúde – proporcionarmos meios favoráveis a uma interação humana mais produtiva, inclusive no que toca à aprendizagem. </p><p align="center"><strong><em>The pedagogical intervention the bias of therapy gestalt</em></strong></p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong>: This article proposes questions and reflections about the educational psychology service from the perspective of Gestalt Therapy. Our goal is to show that the human growth process can be guided in an inclusive relationship with their environment, to the extent that this is not presented him hostile and frightening way. The practice of educational psychology applies to learning, be it individual, group or institutional character. We remember that learning begins from the first contact of the subject with the outside world and lasts for a lifetime, so it is essential to take account of events from childhood to adulthood, which makes us consider learning "eternal ad" . Gestalt therapy greatly contributes to this reflection, in that it brings for granted the idea that man is a being-in-relation with the world, full of potential and capable of giving meaning to their lives, from their perceptions and experiences in touch with the world. It is therefore up to us - educators, parents, adults and health professionals - provides means favoring a more productive human interaction, including when it comes to learning. </p>
Kinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)’da Farklı Tuz (NaCl) Yoğunluklarının Tane Verimi ve Bazı Verim Unsurlarına Etkisi
Authors: DUMANOĞLU Zeynep , IŞIK Damla , GEREN Hakan 
Published: February 2018

&nbsp;

Tuz stresi
bitkisel üretimi sınırlayan en önemli faktörlerden birisidir. Bir And bölgesi
bitkisi olan kinoa (Chenopodium
quinoa)’nın cansız stres faktörlerine dikkate değer ölçüde toleransı
bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışma, 2015
yılında kontrollü şartlarda uygulanan farklı tuz seviyelerinin
(0-75-150-225-300-375 mM NaCl) kinoada tane verimi ve bazı verim özelliklerine
etkisini incelemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Denemede bitki boyu, dal sayısı,
salkım sayısı, bin tane ağırlığı, biyolojik verim,&nbsp; hasat indeksi, tane verimi ve tane ham protein
oranı gibi özellikler incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar, artan tuz seviyelerinin
kontrolle karşılaştırıldığında yukarıda bahsedilen özellikleri olumsuz yönde
etkilediğini, ancak bin tane ağırlığının etkilenmediğini göstermiştir.&nbsp;
Balya Depolama Sürelerinin Pamuğun (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Lif Kalitesine Etkisi
Authors: Şahin Mevlüt Özgün , Başal Hüseyin 
Published: February 2018

&nbsp;

Bu&nbsp;çalışma,
rollergin ve sawgin çırçır makinesi ile
çırçırlanmış pamuk balyalarının nemlendirmeli ve nemlendirmesiz ortamda
depolama süresinin (5 ay) lif kalite özelliklerine etkisini belirlemek amacı
ile yapılmıştır. Nemlendirmeli ortamda tutulan rollergin ve sawgin
balyalarında süre artışı ile birlikte balya içi nem artış oranlarının düzenli,
nemlendirmesiz ortamda ise balya içi nem artışının düzensiz olduğu
saptanmıştır. Depolama şeklinin sawgin balyalarının ağırlık değerlerini
değiştirmediği, rollergin balyalarında ise ağırlık değerlilerinin
nemlendirmesiz ortamda düştüğü, nemlendirmeli ortamda ise değişmediği
gözlenmiştir. İki farklı koşulda depolanan rollergin balyalarında depolama
süresinin artışı ile birlikte; mikroner (Mik.) ve esneklik (Esn.) değerinin
düştüğü; parlaklık derecesinin (P) arttığı, üst yarı ortalama uzunluk (ÜYOU),
lif kopma dayanıklılığı (LKD), lif uzunluk uyumu indeksi (LUUİ), kısa lif
indeksi (KLİ) ve sarılık (S) değerlerinin değişmediği gözlenmiştir. Sawgin
balyalarında ise depolama süresinin lif kopma dayanıklılığı (LKD), esneklik
(Esn.), kısa lif indeksini(KLİ) ve parlaklık (P) gibi lif özelliklerini olumlu
etkilediği, üst yarı ortalama uzunluk (ÜYOU), lif uzunluk uyumu indeksi (LUUİ),
mikroner (Mik.) ve sarılık (S)değerlerini ise etkilemediği saptanmıştır. Bu
çalışmada; rollergin ve sawgin balyalarının nemlendirmeli veya nemlendirmesiz
koşullarda 5 ay depolama (Ocak – Mayıs) süresinin sonunda lif kalite
özelliklerinde saptanan farklılıklar yüzde değişim tolerans değerleri (artış ve
azalış) içerisinde kaldığından dolayı lif kalite özelliklerininin depolama
süresi ve koşullarından genel olarak olumsuz yönde etkilenmediği sonucuna
varılmıştır.
Fasulye Tohumlarındaki Viral Etmenlerin Saptanmasında Tanı Yöntemlerinin Duyarlılıklarının İncelenmesi
Authors: SARAÇOĞLU Kübra , ERKAN Semih 
Published: February 2018

&nbsp;

Bu çalışma,
2012 ve 2013 yıllarında değişik tohum firmalarından ve Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat
Fakültesi Bahçe Bitkileri Bölümü’nden temin edilen 70 adet farklı fasulye tohum
örneğinde virüslerin bulunma durumunun ve bu virüslerin tanılanmasında
kullanılan yöntemlerin duyarlılıklarının belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür.
Fasulye tohum örneklerindeki viral etmenlerin tanılanmasında simptomatoloji,
bitki yetiştirme, biyolojik testleme (mekanik inokulasyon), seroloji ve
moleküler yöntemler kullanılmıştır. Tohum örneklerinde 5 viral etmenin varlığı
RT-PCR, 4 virüsün tanılanması ise DAS-ELISA yöntemi ile incelenmiş ve bu
yöntemlerin diğer yöntemlerle duyarlılık durumu kıyaslanmıştır. Çalışmadaki
toplam 70 tohum örneğinin RT-PCR yöntemi ile 69'u, DAS-ELISA yöntemi ile 62'si,
mekanik inokulasyon ile 30'ı, tohumdaki belirtilerin görsel olarak incelenmesi
ile 48'i ve bitki yetiştirme testleri ile 70 tohum örneğinden gelişme gösteren
64 bitkiden 48'i enfektelidir. Tohum örneklerinde BCMV, BCMNV, CMV ve SMV adlı
viral etmenlerinin olduğu bulunurken, AMV’ne rastlanılmamıştır. Elde edilen
sonuçlara göre, tanılama yöntemleri arasında RT-PCR' ın en duyarlı yöntem
olduğu ve tohum örneklerinin büyük bir kısmının BCMV ile enfekteli bulunduğu
görülmüştür.
The Implementation of Holistic Education in Muhammadiyah’s Madrasah Indonesia
Authors: Sutarman Sutarman , Tjahjono Heru Kurnianto , Hamami Tasman 
Published: February 2018

Holistic education is education which appreciates all of students’ potencies in learning process. This research is aimed at analyzing the implementation of holistic education in multilingual program of Madrasah Mu’allimaat Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. The research was a descriptive-qualitative approach with data collection techniques: in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation. The analysis of the data was by reduction, display, and provided conclusions. The result of the research shows that: (1) the implementation of holistic education toward the students of Multilingual program of Madrasah Mu’allimaat was held through four quotients: spiritual quotient (SQ), emotional quotient (EQ), adversity quotient (AQ), and intellectual quotient (IQ) in which those quotients are integrated to madrasah and boarding. (2) Holistic education has impact on the transformation of the students’ character values, which are (1) intrinsic religiosity with deep faith-planted inside, (2) able to control emotion, self-motivated, care, and well-socialized, (3) the improvement of academic achievement, and (4) tough in facing problems, not easy of being hopeless, stressful, or frustrated.
Pendidikan Agama Islam di Sekolah Alternatif SD Sanggar Anak Alam (SALAM) Nitiprayan Kasihan Bantul Yogyakarta
Authors: Sholihah Zumrotus , Machali Imam 
Published: February 2018

This study is aimed at describing the implementation of Islamic Religious Education in the Alternative School of SD SanggarAnakAlam (SALAM) NitiprayanKasihanBantul, Yogyakarta with focus on curriculum, methods, evaluation, and outcomes. This qualitative approach revealed that the implementation of PAI learning in SD SanggarAnakAlam (SALAM) in term of the curriculum used was based on the need, which wasemphasized on social ethics (akhlak). The material taught was based on the environment around the students where they had experiential learning. The results achieved in learning PAI at SD SanggarAnakAlam (SALAM) were first, the cognitive aspects included the ability of students in using the mind. Second, the affective aspects, they applied the values of tolerance, not discriminating friends to learn and mingle. Theywere trained in mutual respect and regard human beings. Third, the psychomotor aspect, they did various activities of planting and caring for the garden, and arranging classes conducted every morning in groups in turn. هدف هذا البحث إلى عرض ووصف تطبيق التربية الإسلامية في المدرسة الابتدائية البديلة " سانغار أناك عالم " في نيتفرايان كاسهان بانتول يوغياكرتا بالتركيز في المنهج الدراسي، وطرق التدريس، والتقويم، والنتائج المحصولة عليها. اتبع هذا البحث المدخل الكيفي، والنتائج منه أن تطبيق تدريس مادة التربية الإسلامية في هذه المدرسة من حيث المنهج الدراسي على أساس الحوائج ويكون التركيز في الأخلاق. وتكون مواد التدريس على أساس البيئة، ويدرس الطلاب من تجاربهم. والنتائج التى حصل عليها الطلاب بعد تدريس مادة التربية الإسلامية تحتوى على : أولا، الجانب المعرفي وفيه القدرة على تفعيل العقل. وثانيا، الجانب العاطفي، وقد طبق الطلاب قيم التسامح ولا يفرق بعضهم بعضا في التعلّم والتعامل والصداقة. ويُدرّب الطلاب على تقدير وتكريم الغير. وثالثا، الجانب النفسحركيّ حيث يمارس الطلاب الزراعة والمحافظة على البساتين وتنسيق ما في غرف الدراسة من الأشياء والأدوات يوميا بالتبادل فيما بينهم.
Seed Oil Accumulation and Yield of Safflower Affected by Water Supply and Harvest Time
Authors: Mohammadi M. , Ghassemi‐Golezani K. , Chaichi M. R. , Safikhani S. 
Published: February 2018

Core Ideas
Deficit irrigation conditions decreased safflower seed and oil yield.Safflower cultivars demonstrated different reactions drought stress.Sina and Faraman cultivars had higher seed oil content across all irrigation treatments.Highest oil yield across all irrigation treatments was produced by Sina cultivarHarvest time deferment was associated with increased oil oxidation in all cultivars.
Drought stress significantly declines crop yield. Efficient soil moisture management and its consequent effects on metabolic changes which happen in response to drought stress are important in dry regions agriculture. This research was performed to evaluate yield, yield components, and oil accumulation in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars seed in response to water deficit conditions. A field experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of the College of Agriculture, Tabriz University during two growing seasons of 2014 and 2015. The treatments were arranged as split plots based on randomized complete block design with three replicates. Irrigation treatments (irrigation after 70, 100, 130, and 160 mm evaporation from class A pan) were assigned to the main plots and spring safflower cultivars (Faraman, Goldasht, Sina, and Soffeh) were allocated to the subplots. Safflower seeds were harvested in 5‐d intervals at seven stages during development and maturity period. The result showed that Sina cultivar had the highest seed yield per unit area. Maximum oil percentage of safflower seeds was obtained at 1 to 12 d after plant physiological maturity. Water stress caused seed oil percentage decline across all cultivars. Sina and Faraman cultivars had higher oil percentage across all irrigation treatments. The highest oil and seed yield per unit area under both full and limited irrigation conditions was produced by Sina cultivar. Drought stress decreased seed yield, yield components, and oil content across all safflower cultivars, however, the extent of the damage was limited due to cultivar genetic characteristics and ecological origin.
Letters in Mean Comparisons: What They Do and Don’t Mean
Authors: Piepho Hans‐Peter 
Published: February 2018

Core Ideas
Letter displays allow efficient reporting of pairwise treatment comparisons.It is important to correctly convey the meaning of letters in captions to tables and graphs displaying treatment means.The meaning of a letter display can and should be stated in a single sentence without ambiguity.
Letter displays are often used to report results of all pairwise comparisons among treatment means in comparative experiments. In captions to tables and charts using such letter displays, it is crucial to explain properly what the letters mean. In this paper I explain what the letters mean and how this meaning can be succinctly conveyed in a single sentence without ambiguity. This is contrasted to counter‐examples commonly found in publications.
Impact of Nitrogen Application Rate on Switchgrass Yield, Production Costs, and Nitrous Oxide Emissions
Authors: McGowan Andrew R. , Min Doo‐Hong , Williams Jeffery R. , Rice Charles W. 
Published: February 2018

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) has been promoted as a potential feedstock for cellulosic biofuel in the United States. Switchgrass is known to respond to N fertilizer, but optimal rates remain unclear. Given the potential nonlinear response of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions to N inputs, N additions to switchgrass above optimal levels could have large impacts on the greenhouse gas balance of switchgrass‐based biofuel. Additionally, N additions are likely to have large impacts on switchgrass production costs. Yield, N removal, and net returns were measured in switchgrass receiving 0 to 200 kg N ha−1 in Manhattan, KS, from 2012 to 2014. Emissions of N2O were measured in the 0‐ to 150‐kg N ha−1 treatments. Total emissions of N2O increased from 0.2 to 3.0 kg N2O‐N ha−1 as N inputs increased from 0 to 150 kg N ha−1. The 3‐yr averages of fertilizer‐induced emission factors were 0.7, 2.1, and 2.6% at 50, 100, and 150 kg N ha−1, respectively. Removal of N at harvest increased linearly with increasing N rate. Switchgrass yields increased with N inputs up to 100 to 150 kg N ha−1, but the critical N level for maximum yields decreased each year, suggesting that N was being applied in excess at higher N rates. Net returns were maximized at 100 kg N ha−1 at both a high and low urea cost (US$394.71 and $945.91 ha−1, respectively). These results demonstrate that N inputs were necessary to increase switchgrass productivity, but rates exceeding optimal levels resulted in excessive N2O emissions and increased costs for producers.Core Ideas
Losses of fertilizer N as N2O increased with increasing N application rates.
Net return was maximized at an N rate of 100 kg N ha−1.
Nitrogen inputs were necessary to increase switchgrass productivity.
Rates exceeding optimal levels resulted in increased N2O emissions and costs.
Characterization by fluorescence of dissolved organic matter in rural drinking water storage tanks in Morocco
Authors: Aziz Faissal , Ouazzani Naaila , Mandi Laila , Assaad Aziz , Pontvianne Steve , Poirot Hélène , Pons Marie-Noëlle 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Water storage tanks, fed directly from the river through opened channels, are particular systems used for water supply in rural areas in Morocco. The stored water is used as drinking water by the surrounding population without any treatment. UV-visible spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy (excitation-emission matrices and synchronous fluorescence) have been tested as rapid methods to assess the quality of the water stored in the reservoirs as well as along the river feeding them. Synchronous fluorescence spectra (SFS50), collected with a difference of 50 nm between excitation and emission wavelengths, revealed a high tryptophan-like fluorescence, indicative of a pollution induced by untreated domestic and/or farm wastewater. The best correlations were obtained between the total SFS50 fluorescence and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and biological oxygen demand, showing that the contribution of humic-like fluorescent substances cannot be neglected to rapidly assess reservoir water quality in terms of DOC by fluorescence spectroscopy.