bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Planar printed loop antenna with less no‐ground space for hepta‐band wireless wide area network/long‐term evolution mobile handset
Authors: Wang Ping , Cai Zhiqiang 
Published: May 2016

A planar printed loop antenna with hepta operating bands, which covers the GSM850/900/DCS1800/PCS1900/UMTS2100/LTE2300/2500 bands for mobile handset application, is proposed. It occupies a no‐ground space of only 8 × 60 mm2 and wideband operation can be achieved by meandering or folding loop line and using matching circuits. The low frequency bands of GSM850/900 operation are achieved by the loop half‐wavelength mode and matching chip capacitor, which generates a dual‐resonance mode at 780 and 915 MHz. At around high frequency ranges, a one‐wavelength resonant mode of the entire loop at 1.66 GHz, and high‐order resonant modes of the left or the right side coupling loop are generated to cover the residual frequency bands. In addition, the proposed antenna is easily printed on dielectric surfaces of a low cost FR4 substrate, which makes it suitable for practical mobile applications. The proposed antenna is successfully simulated, fabricated, and measured comparing to simulated results to validate the design.
Ambiguity function of Iridium signal for radar application
Authors: Lyu Xiaoyong , Stove Andrew , Gashinova Marina , Cherniakov Mikhail 
Published: May 2016

The Iridium L band downlink signals from a radar viewpoint are studied. The signal is modelled and its ambiguity function is analysed and the ambiguity function with that of the real recorded signal is compared. It is shown that the spectrum and ambiguity diagram of the Iridium signal are independent of the signal content, making it a very suitable signal of opportunity for passive radar. The interference floor of the ambiguity function of a single Iridium burst with a length of 8.28 ms is about 22 dB lower than the main peak.
Increased inflammation in sanctuary sites may explain viral blips in HIV infection
Authors: Cardozo E. Fabian , Piovoso Michael J. , Zurakowski Ryan 
Published: May 2016

Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) suppress HIV‐1 viral replication, such that viral load in plasma remains below the limit of detection in standard assays. However, intermittent episodes of transient viremia (blips) occur in a set of HIV‐patients. Given that follicular hyperplasia occurs during lymphoid inflammation as a normal response to infection, it is hypothesised that when the diameter of the lymph node follicle (LNF) increases and crosses a critical size, a viral blip occurs due to cryptic viremia. To study this hypothesis, a theoretical analysis of a mathematical model is performed to find the conditions for virus suppression in all compartments and different scenarios of LNF size changes are simulated. According to the analysis, blips with duration of around 30 days arise when the diameter rise rate is between 0.02 and 0.03 days−1. Moreover, the final diameter of the site is directly related to the steady states of the virus load after the occurrence of a blip. When the value of R 0 is around 2.1, to have a steady‐state below the limit of detection after the viral blip, the maximum final diameters should be greater than 0.7 mm so that there is a relative loss of connection between compartments.
A combination of soy isoflavones and cello-oligosaccharides changes equol/O-desmethylangolensin production ratio and attenuates bone fragility in ovariectomized mice
Authors: Fujii Shungo , Takahashi Nobuyuki , Inoue Hirofumi , Katsumata Shin-ichi , Kikkawa Yuji , Machida Makoto , Ishimi Yoshiko , Uehara Mariko 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
We examined the cooperative effects of isoflavones and cello-oligosaccharides on daidzein metabolism and bone fragility in ovariectomized mice. Cello-oligosaccharides increased urinary equol and decreased O-desmethylangolensin. A combination of isoflavones and cello-oligosaccharides attenuated decreases in bone breaking force and stiffness caused by ovariectomy. Combination treatment with isofalvones and cello-oligosaccharides increases urinary equol/O-desmethylangolensin production ratio and prevents ovariectomy-induced abnormalities in bone strength.
Price Differences across Farmers’ Markets, Roadside Stands, and Supermarkets in North Carolina
Authors: Valpiani Natalie H. , Wilde Parke E. , Rogers Beatrice L. , Stewart Hayden G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWhether direct farmer‐to‐consumer outlets compete with supermarkets on produce prices remains an empirical question; marketing costs are not consistently higher in one retail channel or the other. This study compared prices of 29 fruits and vegetables across North Carolina farmers’ markets, roadside stands, and supermarkets. Larger farmers’ markets had higher prices: three fruits and one vegetable were cheaper at a direct outlet, while four vegetables were cheaper at supermarkets. Weighting item prices by consumption share attenuated differences in mean price across outlets. Direct‐retail outlets are price competitive and should be considered among other tools to boost fresh fruit and vegetable intake.
Effect of Polyether Ether Ketone on Therapeutic Radiation to the Spine
Authors: Jackson J. Benjamin , Crimaldi Anthony J. , Peindl Richard , Norton H. James , Anderson William E. , Patt Joshua C. 
Published: May 2016

Study Design.
Cadaveric model.

Objectives.
To compare the effect of PEEK versus conventional implants on scatter radiation to a simulated tumor bed in the spine

Summary of Background Data.
Given the highly vasculature nature of the spine, it is the most common place for bony metastases. After surgical treatment of a spinal metastasis, adjuvant radiation therapy is typically administered. Radiation dosing is primarily limited by toxicity to the spinal cord. The scatter effect caused by metallic implants decreases the accuracy of dosing and can unintentionally increase the effective dose seen by the spinal cord. This represents a dose-limiting factor for therapeutic radiation postoperatively.

Methods.
A cadaveric thorax specimen was utilized as a metastatic tumor model with two separate three-level spine constructs (one upper thoracic and one lower thoracic). Each construct was examined independently. All four groups compared included identical posterior instrumentation. The anterior constructs consisted of either: an anterior polyether ether ketone (PEEK) cage, an anterior titanium cage, an anterior bone cement cage (polymethyl methacrylate), or a control group with posterior instrumentation alone. Each construct had six thermoluminescent detectors to measure the radiation dose.

Results.
The mean dose was similar across all constructs and locations. There was more variability in the upper thoracic spine irrespective of the construct type. The PEEK construct had a more uniform dose distribution with a standard deviation of 9.76. The standard deviation of the others constructs was 14.26 for the control group, 19.31 for the titanium cage, and 21.57 for the cement (polymethyl methacrylate) construct.

Conclusion.
The PEEK inter-body cage resulted in a significantly more uniform distribution of therapeutic radiation in the spine when compared with the other constructs. This may allow for the application of higher effective dosing to the tumor bed for spinal metastases without increasing spinal cord toxicity with either fractionated or hypofractionated radiotherapy.

Level of Evidence: N/A
Impact of Health Insurance, ADAP, and Income on HIV Viral Suppression Among US Women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study, 2006–2009
Authors: Ludema Christina , Cole Stephen R. , Eron Joseph J. , Edmonds Andrew , Holmes G. Mark , Anastos Kathryn , Cocohoba Jennifer , Cohen Mardge , Cooper Hannah L. F. , Golub Elizabeth T. , Kassaye Seble , Konkle-Parker Deborah , Metsch Lisa , Milam Joel , Wilson Tracey E. , Adimora Adaora A. 
Published: May 2016

Background:Implementation of the Affordable Care Act motivates assessment of health insurance and supplementary programs, such as the AIDS Drug Assistance Program (ADAP) on health outcomes of HIV-infected people in the United States. We assessed the effects of health insurance, ADAP, and income on HIV viral load suppression.Methods:We used existing cohort data from the HIV-infected participants of the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the time from 2006 to unsuppressed HIV viral load (>200 copies/mL) among those with Medicaid, private, Medicare, or other public insurance, and no insurance, stratified by the use of ADAP.Results:In 2006, 65% of women had Medicaid, 18% had private insurance, 3% had Medicare or other public insurance, and 14% reported no health insurance. ADAP coverage was reported by 284 women (20%); 56% of uninsured participants reported ADAP coverage. After accounting for study site, age, race, lowest observed CD4, and previous health insurance, the hazard ratio (HR) for unsuppressed viral load among those privately insured without ADAP, compared with those on Medicaid without ADAP (referent group), was 0.61 (95% CI: 0.48 to 0.77). Among the uninsured, those with ADAP had a lower relative hazard of unsuppressed viral load compared with the referent group (HR, 95% CI: 0.49, 0.28 to 0.85) than those without ADAP (HR, 95% CI: 1.00, 0.63 to 1.57).Conclusions:Although women with private insurance are most likely to be virally suppressed, ADAP also contributes to viral load suppression. Continued support of this program may be especially critical for states that have not expanded Medicaid.
Effects of Well-Controlled HIV Infection on Complement Activation and Function
Authors: E-B Rossheim Alexandria , Cunningham Tina D. , Hair Pamela S. , Shah Tushar , Cunnion Kenji M. , Troy Stephanie B. 
Published: May 2016

Introduction:
Uncontrolled HIV infection is known to activate the complement system, leading to an increase in chronic inflammation. Whether or not this activation of complement persists and contributes to chronic inflammation in subjects with HIV infection that is well controlled through use of antiretroviral therapy has not been studied.

Methods:
We conducted an observational, cross-sectional study using sera from 305 adults with well-controlled HIV infection and 30 healthy controls. Sera was tested for markers of complement activation (C3a and C5a levels), complement function (CH50 assay), and immunoglobulin levels (IgG1–IgG4) as IgG can activate complement. We evaluated the association of well-controlled HIV infection with C3a, C5a, CH50, IgG1–IgG4, and total IgG levels using both univariate and multivariate analyses, controlling for factors such as age, sex, race, comorbidities (including hepatitis C coinfection), smoking status, and statin use.

Results:
Well-controlled HIV infection was associated with a 54% increase in complement activation as measured by C3a levels compared with healthy controls (P < 0.0001). Hepatitis C coinfection was associated with a further 52% increase in complement activation, as measured by C3a levels, over HIV alone (P = 0.003).

Conclusion:
These results suggest that complement activation may contribute to a proinflammatory state even in well-controlled HIV infection. Furthermore, hepatitis C virus coinfection may be even more proinflammatory, in complement activation, compared with HIV infection alone.
Model selection in statistical historical biogeography of Neotropical insects—theExophthalmusgenus complex (Curculionidae: Entiminae)
Authors: Zhang Guanyang , Basharat Usmaan , Matzke Nicholas , Franz Nico M. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTStatistical historical biogeographical methods rely on the use of models that assume various biogeographic processes. Until recently model selection remains an explored topic and the impacts of using different models on inferring biogeographic history are poorly understood. Focusing on the Neotropical weevils in theExophthalmusgenus complex (Insecta: Curculionidae: Entiminae), we compare three commonly used biogeographic models – DIVA (Dispersal-Vicariance Analysis), DEC (Dispersal-Extinction-Cladogenesis) and BayArea (Bayesian Analysis of Biogeography), and examine the impact of modeling founder-event jump dispersal on biogeographic history estimation. We also investigate the biogeographic events that have shaped patterns of distributions, diversification, and endemism in this group of weevils. We sample representatives of 65 species of theExophthalmusgenus complex and 26 outgroup terminals from the Neotropics including Caribbean islands and mainland. We reconstruct a molecular phylogeny based on six genes and performed molecular dating using a relaxed clock with three fossil calibration points. We conduct biogeographic history estimations and compare alternative biogeographic models with the R package BioGeoBEARS. Model selection strongly favors biogeographic models that include founder-event jump dispersal. Without modeling jump dispersal, estimations based on the three biogeographic models are dramatically different, especially at early diverging nodes. When jump dispersal is modeled, however, the three biogeographic models perform similarly. Accordingly, we show that the Neotropical mainland was colonized by Caribbean species in the early Miocene, and thatin situdiversification accounts for a majority (~75%) of the biogeographic events in theExophthalmusgenus complex. Our study highlights the need for testing for wide-ranging historical biogeographic processes in the study of Caribbean biogeography and the importance of comparing and selecting the best-fitting model in statistical biogeographic inferences. We demonstrate that modeling founder-event jump dispersal significantly improves the fit of the biogeographic history estimation of Caribbean and Neotropical mainland weevils. We establish thatin situdiversification acts as a dominant biogeographic force in the evolution of theExophthalmusgenus complex. The colonization of the Neotropical mainland from Caribbean islands reinforces the notion that islands can be an important source of continental diversity.
A hyperactive transcriptional state marks genome reactivation at the mitosis-G1 transition
Authors: Hsiung Chris C.-S. , Bartman Caroline , Huang Peng , Ginart Paul , Stonestrom Aaron J. , Keller Cheryl A. , Face Carolyne , Jahn Kristen S. , Evans Perry , Sankaranarayanan Laavanya , Giardine Belinda , Hardison Ross C. , Raj Arjun , Blobel Gerd A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDuring mitosis, RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and many transcription factors dissociate from chromatin, and transcription ceases globally. Transcription is known to restart in bulk by telophase, but whether de novo transcription at the mitosis-G1 transition is in any way distinct from later in interphase remains unknown. We tracked Pol II occupancy genome-wide in mammalian cells progressing from mitosis through late G1. Unexpectedly, during the earliest rounds of transcription at the mitosis-G1 transition, ~50% of active genes and distal enhancers exhibit a spike in transcription, exceeding levels observed later in G1 phase. Enhancer-promoter chromatin contacts are depleted during mitosis and restored rapidly upon G1 entry, but do not spike. Of the chromatin-associated features examined, histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation levels at individual loci in mitosis best predict the mitosis-G1 transcriptional spike. Single-molecule RNA imaging supports that the mitosis-G1 transcriptional spike can constitute the maximum transcriptional activity per DNA copy throughout the cell division cycle. The transcriptional spike occurs heterogeneously and propagates to cell-to-cell differences in mature mRNA expression. Our results raise the possibility that passage through the mitosis-G1 transition might predispose cells to diverge in gene expression states.
Hitchhiking on the Frontier: Accelerating Eusociality and other Improbable Evolutionary Outcomes by Trait Hitchhiking in a Boom-and-Bust Feedback Loop
Authors: Calvin William H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHere I analyze the brush-fire cycle behind the brushy frontier of a grassland, seeking evolutionary feedback loops for large grazing animals and their hominin predators. Several months after a lightning strike, the burn scar grows enough new grass to expand the carrying capacity for grass-specialized herbivores,which evolved from mixed feeders in Africa during the early Pleistocene. The frontier subpopulation of grazers that discovers the auxiliary grassland quickly multiplies,creating a secondary boom for its hominin predators as well. Following this boom, a bust occurs several decades later when the brush returns; it squeezes both prey and predator populations back into the core grassland. This creates a feedback loop that can repeatedly shift the core’s gene frequencies toward those of the frontier subpopulation until fixation occurs. Any brush-relevant allele could benefit from this amplifying feedback loop, so long as its phenotypes concentrate near where fresh resources can suddenly open up, back in the brush. Thus, traits concentrated in the frontier fringe can hitchhike; improved survival is not needed. This is natural selection but utilizin selective reproductive opportunity instead of the usual selective survival. Cooperative nurseries in the brush’s shade should concentrate the alleles favoring eusociality, repeatedly increasing their proportion via trait hitchhiking in the feedback loop.
Euclidean distance as a measure to distinguish ventral and dorsal white matter connectivity in the human brain
Authors: Kellmeyer Philipp , Vry Magnus-Sebastian 
Published: May 2016

AbstractFiber tractography based on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has become an important research tool for investigating the anatomical connectivity between brain regions in vivo. Combining DTI with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) allows for the mapping of structural and functional architecture of large-scale networks for cognitive processing. This line of research has shown that ventral and dorsal fiber pathways subserve different aspects of bottom-up- and top-down processing in the human brain.Here, we investigate the feasibility and applicability of Euclidean distance as a simple geometric measure to differentiate ventral and dorsal long-range white matter fiber pathways tween parietal and inferior frontal cortical regions, employing a body of studies that used probabilistic tractography.We show that ventral pathways between parietal and inferior frontal cortex have on average a significantly longer Euclidean distance in 3D-coordinate space than dorsal pathways. We argue that Euclidean distance could provide a simple measure and potentially a boundary value to assess patterns of connectivity in fMRI studies. This would allow for a much broader assessment of general patterns of ventral and dorsal large-scale fiber connectivity for different cognitive operations in the large body of existing fMRI studies lacking additional DTI data.
The effects of old-age stereotypes on organizational productivity (part two)
Authors: Appelbaum Steven H. , Wenger Richard , Buitrago Carolina Pachon , Kaur Ravneet 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine common stereotypes regarding old-age workers and the effect of these stereotypes on organizational productivity, as well as to suggest practical solutions for accommodating old-age workers and increasing productivity in all employees.

Design/methodology/approach
– This three part paper will present a thorough review of relevant literature (1991-2014, with the exception of two studies from 1976) that were conducted on the topics of old-age stereotyping, the effect of old-age stereotyping on organizational productivity, and methods for adequately motivating and managing old-age workers. Studies concerning psychology theories are also examined in order to provide a framework for practical solutions, as well as demographic statistics on population age and employment trends.

Findings
– This paper identifies a number of old-age stereotypes that have decreased organizational productivity in empirical studies, including reluctance to change, decreased learning ability, intelligence and memory, poor health and accidents, higher organizational costs, decreased motivation, and low innovation and productivity. Findings also suggest that old-age workers can positively affect productivity, and that low productivity is often a result of stereotyping.

Research limitations/implications
– The prevalence of old-age stereotyping and its impact on organizational productivity may differ by culture, industry, type of employment, education level, and other factors, and thus further research may be necessary. The literature reviewed may not adequately represent worldwide organizational trends, as the literature is largely comprised of studies performed in North America and Europe.

Practical implications
– Solutions based on these findings are taken directly from the literature or derived from literature on psychology theories, which include self-determination theory, socioemotional selectivity theory, and selective optimization and compensation theory. The practical solutions proposed address work environment, motivation, rewards, flexibility, and the loss and gain of resources in old-age workers.

Social implications
– The proportion of old-age workers is increasing and it is therefore necessary to determine ways to adequately integrate old-age workers in the workforce. Furthermore, this can raise productivity in all employees.

Originality/value
– This paper demonstrates that old-age stereotyping is both prevalent and detrimental within an organizational context. These findings and solutions can potentially be used by organizations in order to increase individual and overall productivity.
HR interventions and quality of work life of healthcare employees: an investigation
Authors: Nayak Tanaya , Sahoo Chandan Kumar , Mohanty Prabodh Kumar , Sundaray Bijaya Kumar 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the predictors of perceived quality of work life (QWL) by accentuating on human resource interventions in healthcare units.

Design/methodology/approach
– Primary data were accumulated from 158 health care employees through a structured questionnaire from healthcare organisations in India. Statistical analysis was done using tools like factor analysis and multiple regression analysis by using SPSS (version 20).

Findings
– A total of 18 independent variables was used in the study, only four factors were extracted specifically work life balance, communication, teamwork and empowerment were found to be significant predictors of perceived QWL. The proposed hypotheses for this study are significant.

Research limitations/implications
– This work provides a pragmatic view about the compendium of human resource interventions pivotal for better QWL in healthcare organisations. The survey also offers insights to healthcare managers, administrators and practitioners for implementing these interventions.

Originality/value
– This work clearly reflects on the relationship of HR intervention and QWL in the new context of health care.
The effect of academic education on employers’ satisfaction and audit quality in Iran
Authors: Salehi Mahdi , Bahrami Mostafa , Alizadeh Fatemeh 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of academic education of auditors on the satisfaction of employees and the quality of audit reports.

Design/methodology/approach
– In order to collecting data a questionnaire designed and developed among the auditors, managers, and professors in Iran during November 20, 2014.

Findings
– The results of the study reveal that the inability to fully understand the audit report is one of the major problems of customers. For the audit firm, issues such as observation of accounting standards in financial statements, preparation of sufficient documents for the auditor, strong internal control, and understanding the limitations and problems of auditors were considered important.

Originality/value
– To the best of the authors’ knowledge the current paper is the first study which deals with the topic of the study in developing countries, especially Iran.