bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medial temporal lobe and topographical memory
Authors: Urgolites Zhisen J. , Hopkins Ramona O. , Squire Larry R. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
We investigated the role of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) in topographical memory. Participants studied a scene depicting four hills of different shapes and sizes and made a choice among four test images. MTL patients were impaired in a Rotation condition where the correct choice depicted the study scene from a shifted perspective. Analysis of this impairment in three tasks and a total of nine conditions suggests that the impairment is unrelated to the ability to accommodate shifts in perspectives. We propose that the impairment need not suggest a specific role of the MTL in remembering spatial layouts and that the findings instead reflect a broad impairment in remembering that applies to both spatial and nonspatial material.
Ancient DNA reveals the Arctic origin of Viking Age cod from Haithabu, Germany
Authors: Star Bastiaan , Boessenkool Sanne , Gondek Agata T. , Nikulina Elena A. , Hufthammer Anne Karin , Pampoulie Christophe , Knutsen Halvor , André Carl , Nistelberger Heidi M. , Dierking Jan , Petereit Christoph , Heinrich Dirk , Jakobsen Kjetill S. , Stenseth Nils Chr. , Jentoft Sissel , Barrett James H. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
A rich archaeological record of fish-bone remains testifies to the millennia-long human exploitation of the natural resources of the oceans. In Europe, historical evidence demonstrates that an extensive international industry developed during the Middle Ages that exported preserved cod from the Lofoten Archipelago, northern Norway, to expanding urban centers around the North and Baltic Sea regions. The early origins of this iconic exchange, however, have long been debated. We genetically trace the ancestry of Viking Age fish from mainland Europe to the North East Arctic cod population that supports the modern Lofoten fisheries. This application of genome-wide analyses from ancient fish bone reveals an early origin of what became an economically important trade, with implications for archaeology and environmental history.
Safety of Strontium Chloride as a Skeletal Marking Agent for Pacific Salmon
Authors: Getchell Rodman G. , Bowser Paul R. , Cornwell Emily R. , Pavek Todd , Baneux Philippe , Kirby Drew , Sams Kelly L. , Marquis Hélène 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biological effects associated with administering strontium chloride as a marking agent to age-0 Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha fry. Fish were held in a 0× (0 mg/L), 1× (3,000 mg/L; current standard dosage), 3× (9,000 mg/L), or 5× (15,000 mg/L) solution of strontium chloride for 72 h (three times the standard duration of 24 h). The mortality among fish in the 5× strontium chloride exposure group was significantly higher than that observed in the other groups. A dose-related effect on general fish behavior and on feeding behavior was observed. Fish in all test tanks appeared to feed to satiation, except for fish in the 5× tanks during days 2 and 3. Fish in all other test tanks behaved normally. No dose-related effect on fish growth was detected. Histopathological evaluations showed that fish in the 5× exposure group had a significantly higher number of gill lesions than the 0× group. Our mortality, behavioral, and histological assessments suggested that juvenile Chinook Salmon could be safely immersed for three consecutive days in a 9,000-mg/L solution of strontium chloride. This finding potentially expands the present 1,000–3,000-mg/L dosage and 24-h holding period that can be used to mark juvenile fish with strontium chloride solutions. The research also provides necessary target animal safety data for U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval of strontium chloride as an alternative marking method that is suitable for fish with a short holding time.
Received February 19, 2017; accepted July 16, 2017 Published online September 22, 2017
Sport disciplines, types of sports, and waist circumference in young adulthood – a population‐based twin study
Authors: Rottensteiner Mirva , Mäkelä Sara , Bogl Leonie H. , Törmäkangas Timo , Kaprio Jaakko , Kujala Urho M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPurpose: The benefits of physical activity (PA) in preventing abdominal obesity are well recognized, but the role of different sport disciplines remains open. We aimed, therefore, to investigate how participation in different sport disciplines, and the number and types of sports engaged in are associated with waist circumference (WC) in young adulthood. Methods: This population‐based cohort study comprised 4027 Finnish twin individuals (1874 men), with a mean age of 34 y (32–37), who answered a survey, including self‐measured WC. We extracted the number and identified the types (aerobic, power, and mixed) of the different sport disciplines respondents reported participating in. Results: The number of sport disciplines participated in was inversely associated with WC, the linear decrease averaging 1.38 cm (95% CI 1.10–1.65) per each additional sport discipline. The result persisted after adjustment for the main covariates, such as volume of PA and diet quality. Among dizygotic twin pairs discordant for sports participation (0–2 vs. 5 or more disciplines), the mean within‐pair difference in WC was 4.8 cm (95% CI 0.4–9.1) for men and 11.2 cm (95% CI 4.4–18.0) for women; among discordant monozygotic pairs, no differences were observed. In men, all three types of sports were individually associated with smaller WC, while in women, only mixed and power sports showed this association. Conclusions: Participation in several sport disciplines and sport types was associated with smaller WC among young adults in their mid‐30s. Shared genetic background may explain some of the associations.
The draft genome sequence of a desert tree Populus pruinosa
Authors: Yang Wenlu , Wang Kun , Zhang Jian , Ma Jianchao , Liu Jianquan , Ma Tao 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Populus pruinosa is a large tree that grows in deserts and shows distinct differences in both morphology and adaptation compared to its sister species, P. euphratica. Here we present a draft genome sequence for P. pruinosa and examine genomic variations between the 2 species. A total of 60 Gb of clean reads from whole-genome sequencing of a P. pruinosa individual were generated using the Illumina HiSeq2000 platform. The assembled genome is 479.3 Mb in length, with an N50 contig size of 14.0 kb and a scaffold size of 698.5 kb; 45.47% of the genome is composed of repetitive elements. We predicted 35 131 protein-coding genes, of which 88.06% were functionally annotated. Gene family clustering revealed 224 unique and 640 expanded gene families in the P. pruinosa genome. Further evolutionary analysis identified numerous genes with elevated values for pairwise genetic differentiation between P. pruinosa and P. euphratica. We provide the genome sequence and gene annotation for P. pruinosa. A large number of genetic variations were recovered by comparison of the genomes between P. pruinosa and P. euphratica. These variations will provide a valuable resource for studying the genetic bases for the phenotypic and adaptive divergence of the 2 sister species.
The Burden and Clinical Presentation of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Adults With Severe Respiratory Illness in a High Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prevalence Setting, 2012–2014
Authors: Walaza Sibongile , Tempia Stefano , Dreyer Andries , Dawood Halima , Variava Ebrahim , Martinson Neil A. , Moyes Jocelyn , Cohen Adam L. , Wolter Nicole , von Mollendorf Claire , von Gottberg Anne , Haffejee Sumayya , Treurnicht Florette , Hellferscee Orienka , Ismail Nazir , Cohen Cheryl 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Background
Understanding the burden and clinical presentation of tuberculosis in patients with severe respiratory illness (SRI) has important implications for anticipating treatment requirements.

Methods
Hospitalized patients aged ≥15 years with SRI at 2 public teaching hospitals in periurban areas in 2 provinces (Edendale Hospital in Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal Province and Tshepong Hospital in Klerksdorp, North West Province) were enrolled prospectively from 2012 to 2014. Tuberculosis testing included smear microscopy, culture, or Xpert MTB/Rif.

Results
We enrolled 2486 individuals with SRI. Of these, 2097 (84%) were tested for tuberculosis, 593 (28%) were positive. Tuberculosis detection rate was 18% (133 of 729) in individuals with acute (≤14 days) presentation and 34% (460 of 1368) in those with chronic (&gt;14 days) presentation. Among laboratory-confirmed tuberculosis cases, those with acute presentation were less likely to present with cough (88% [117 of 133] vs 97% [447 of 460]; ajusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.1–0.5), night sweats (57% [75 of 132] vs 73% [337 of 459]; aOR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.3–0.7), or be started on tuberculosis treatment on admission (63% [78 of 124] vs 81% [344 of 423]; aOR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.3–0.7), but they were more likely to be coinfected with pneumococcus (13% [16 of 124] vs 6% [26 of 411]; aOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.3–5.3) than patients with chronic presentation. Annual incidence of acute and chronic tuberculosis-associated SRI per 100000 population was 28 (95% CI = 22–39) and 116 (95% CI = 104–128), respectively.

Conclusions
In this setting, tuberculosis, including acute presentation, is common in patients hospitalized with SRI.
Climate changes and Hymenoptera venom allergy: are there some connections?
Authors: Turillazzi Stefano , Turillazzi Francesco 
Published: August 2017

Purpose of review
This review aims to update the world status of the main allergenic stinging Hymenoptera.

Recent findings
In this review, we consider the problems that social Hymenoptera (bees, wasps and ants) could represent in the nearest future for human health in different parts of the world.

Summary
Distribution and consistency of allergenic species including venomous insects are interested by accelerated dynamics caused by climate changes and globalization. Owing to the expansion of ranges of native species and colonization of invasive ones, even in the uncertainty of present available models, new challenges presented by stinging Hymenoptera should be expected in the future.
Hymenoptera-induced anaphylaxis: is it a mast cell driven hematological disorder?
Authors: Brockow Knut , Akin Cem 
Published: August 2017

Purpose of reviewHymenoptera-induced allergy (HVA) is a common cause of anaphylaxis and may be fatal. It is associated with systemic mastocytosis in about 7% of adult patients. Systemic mastocytosis is a proliferative disorder of hematopoietic mast cell progenitors. There is recent data on the association between systemic mastocytosis and HVA.Recent findingsHymenoptera venoms are the most common immunoglobulin E-mediated elicitors of anaphylaxis in patients with mastocytosis. Some patients with systemic mastocytosis do not have cutaneous involvement and have only been identified because of HVA. These patients do have distinct demographic, clinical, and laboratory features as compared with patients with mastocytosis with skin lesions. They show a male predominance, more severe (cardiovascular) as compared to skin symptoms, lower baseline serum tryptase, less bone marrow mast cell aggregates, andKITmutations restricted to mast cell lineage.SummaryAlthough hymenoptera-induced anaphylaxis is not primarily a mast cell-driven hematological disorder, the latter is present in a significant proportion of patients and has to be excluded by basal serum tryptase determination, skin inspection as well as exclusion of systemic mastocytosis by D816V mutation analysis in peripheral blood and/or bone marrow examination in selected patients.
Ocular surface lubricants
Authors: Bielory Leonard , Wagle Preeti 
Published: August 2017

Purpose of review
The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the ocular lubricants currently available, consider the components of the various formulations and highlight the status of preservative use in the treatment of anterior ocular surface diseases.

Recent findings
The primary components of ocular surface lubrication have been, in the past, based on various cellulose formulations that increase hydration. Advances in lubrication have come from areas of the human body requiring lubrication such as the skeletal joints as well as examining the use of natural components of the tear fluid. These have resulted in novel modifications of existing tear components, for example, thiolated carboxymethyl hyaluronic acid which creates crosslinking to mechanically increase retention time for ocular surface hydration. Other proteoglycans such as lubricin, having one of the lowest coefficients of friction in nature, to a lipopolysaccharide derivative of tamarind seed, may provide a unique delivery system for lubricants and medications.

Summary
The present state of ocular surface lubrication is slowly advancing from the routine use of cellulose-based solutions and gels to more advanced replacement with natural tear components. The advances that are occurring on other lubricating surfaces of the musculoskeletal system are also providing some insights into potential use on the ocular surface.
Association of Hospital Volume and Quality of Care With Survival for Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Wright Jason D. , Chen Ling , Hou June Y. , Burke William M. , Tergas Ana I. , Ananth Cande V. , Neugut Alfred I. , Hershman Dawn L. 
Published: August 2017

OBJECTIVE:
To assess whether strict adherence to quality metrics by hospitals could explain the association between hospital volume and survival for ovarian cancer.

METHODS:
We used the National Cancer Database to perform a retrospective cohort study of women with ovarian cancer from 2004 to 2013. Hospitals were stratified by annual case volume into quintiles (2 or less, 2.01–5, 5.01–9, 9.01–19.9, 20 cases or greater) and by adherence to ovarian cancer quality metrics into quartiles. Hospital-level adjusted 2- and 5-year survival rates were compared based on volume and adherence to the quality metrics.

RESULTS:
A total of 100,725 patients at 1,268 hospitals were identified. Higher volume hospitals were more likely to adhere to the quality metrics. Both 2- and 5-year survival increased with hospital volume and with adherence to the measured quality metrics. For example, 2-year survival increased from 64.4% (95% CI 62.5–66.4%) at low-volume to 77.4% (95% CI 77.0–77.8%) at high-volume centers and from 66.5% (95% CI 65.5–67.5%) at low-quality to 77.3% (95% CI 76.8–77.7%) at high-quality hospitals (P<.001 for both). For each hospital volume category, survival increased with increasing adherence to the quality metrics. For example, in the lowest volume hospitals (two or less cases annually), adjusted 2-year survival was 61.4% (95% CI 58.4–64.5%) at hospitals with the lowest adherence to quality metrics and rose to 65.8% (95% CI 61.2–70.8%) at the hospitals with highest adherence to the quality metrics (P<.001). However, lower volume hospitals with higher quality scores still had survival that was lower than higher volume hospitals.

CONCLUSION:
Although both hospital volume and adherence to quality metrics are associated with survival for ovarian cancer, low-volume hospitals that provide high-quality care still have survival rates that are lower than high-volume centers.
Delivery After 40 Weeks of Gestation in Pregnant Women With Well-Controlled Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Scott Rachel K. , Chakhtoura Nahida , Burke Margaret M. , Cohen Rachel A. , Kreitchmann Regis 
Published: August 2017

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate whether there is increased mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 associated with deliveries at 40 weeks of estimated gestational age (EGA) or greater in pregnant women with HIV-1 viral loads of 1,000 copies/mL or less.

METHODS:
We performed a secondary analysis of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development International Site Development Initiative Perinatal and Longitudinal Study in Latin American Countries and International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials P1025 cohorts. We included pregnant women with HIV-1 with recent viral loads of 1,000 copies/mL or less at the time of delivery and compared delivery outcomes at between 38 and less than 40 weeks EGA with delivery outcomes at 40 weeks EGA or greater, the exposure of interest. Our primary outcome of interest was mother-to-child transmission, and secondary outcomes included indicators of maternal and neonatal morbidity. We examined the association between EGA and mother-to-child transmission using Poisson distribution. Associations between EGA and secondary outcomes were examined through bivariate analyses using Pearson χ2 and Fisher exact test or the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test.

RESULTS:
Among the 2,250 eligible neonates, eight neonates were infected with HIV-1 (overall transmission rate 0.4%, 95% CI 0.2–8.1%, 40 weeks EGA or greater 0.5% [3/621, 95% CI 0.2–1.4%], less than 40 weeks EGA 0.3% [5/1,629, 95% CI 0.1–0.7%]); there was no significant difference in transmission by EGA (rate ratio 1.57, 95% CI 0.24–8.09, P=.77). There was no difference in maternal viral load between the two groups nor was there a difference in timing of transmission among neonates born with HIV-1.

CONCLUSION:
In pregnant women with well-controlled HIV-1, the risk of mother-to-child transmission did not differ significantly by EGA at delivery, although we were not powered to demonstrate equivalence of proportions of mother-to-child transmission between EGA groups.
Using an Elastic Band Device After a Severe Obstetric Pubic Symphyseal Separation
Authors: Lasbleiz Jeremy , Sevestre François-Xavier , Moquet Pierre-Yves 
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND:
Severe separation of the pubic symphysis is a rare delivery complication. Facing this pathology, we decided to study a new elastic band device.

METHOD:
To evaluate the elastic band device, clinical (pain-rated) and imaging (magnetic resonance imaging and radiography) evaluations with and without the device were performed. The elastic band device is a European Conformity-certified medical device, which is made of neoprene straps, that reduces the mobility of the pelvis and the use of the internal rotator muscles.

EXPERIENCE:
Once the elastic band device was in place, on postpartum day 1, radiography showed a decrease of the pubic width from 41 to 12 mm. Furthermore, pain decreased from 10 of 10 to 2 of 10 in 2 days, allowing the patient to ambulate and avoid surgery. After 1 month, the pubic width (6 mm) and anatomy were recovered but minor pain was still present with hip rotatory movements. The elastic band device was worn 24 hours a day from postpartum days 1–90 and 12 hours a day from postpartum days 90 to 150; afterward, the patient returned to normal life without the elastic band device.

CONCLUSION:
Use of an elastic band device was associated with a reduction of the pubic width and pain associated after obstetric pubic symphysis separation.
Comparison of Subcuticular Suture Type for Skin Closure After Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Buresch Arin M. , Van Arsdale Anne , Ferzli Myriam , Sahasrabudhe Nicole , Sun Mengyang , Bernstein Jeffrey , Bernstein Peter S. , Ngai Ivan M. , Garry David J. 
Published: August 2017

OBJECTIVE:
To compare the rate of wound complications among women who underwent cesarean delivery through a Pfannenstiel skin incision followed by subcuticular closure with either poliglecaprone 25 suture or polyglactin 910 suture.

METHODS:
Patients undergoing nonemergent cesarean delivery at or beyond 37 weeks of gestation were randomized to undergo subcuticular skin closure with either poliglecaprone 25 or polyglactin 910. The primary outcome was a wound composite outcome of one or more of the following: surgical site infection, wound separation, hematoma, or seroma within the first 30 days postpartum. To detect a reduction in the primary outcome rate from 12% to 4%, with a power of 0.90 and a two-tailed α of 0.05, 237 women per study group were required. Analysis was performed according to the intent-to-treat principle.

RESULTS:
From May 28, 2015, to August 5, 2016, 275 women were randomized to poliglecaprone 25 and 275 to polyglactin 910, of whom 520 (95%) were included in the final analysis: 263 in the poliglecaprone 25 group [of whom 231 (88%) actually underwent poliglecaprone 25 closure) and 257 in the polyglactin 910 group [of whom 209 (81%) actually underwent polyglactin 910 closure]. The groups were similar in demographic characteristics, medical comorbidities, and perioperative characteristics. Poliglecaprone 25 was associated with a significantly decreased rate of overall wound complications when compared with polyglactin 910, 8.8% compared with 14.4% (relative risk 0.61, 95% CI 0.37–0.99; P=.04).

CONCLUSION:
Closure of the skin after cesarean delivery with poliglecaprone 25 suture decreases the rate of wound complications compared with polyglactin 910 suture.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02459093.
Optimal Order of Successive Office Hysteroscopy and Endometrial Biopsy for the Evaluation of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
Authors: Sarkar Papri , Mikhail Emad , Schickler Robyn , Plosker Shayne , Imudia Anthony N. 
Published: August 2017

OBJECTIVE:
To estimate the optimal order of office hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy when performed successively for evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding.

METHODS:
Patients undergoing successive office hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy were included in a single-blind, prospective, randomized trial. The primary outcome was to evaluate the effect of order of procedures on patients' pain score. Prespecified secondary outcomes include procedure duration, hysteroscopic visualization of the uterine cavity, endometrial sample adequacy, and number of attempts at biopsy. Pain scores were assessed using a visual analog scale from 0 to 10 and endometrial sample adequacy was determined from the histopathology report. Hysteroscopy images were recorded. Sample size of 34 per group (n=68) was determined to be adequate to detect a difference of 20% in visual analog scale score between hysteroscopy first (group A) and biopsy first (group B) at α of 0.05 and 80% power.

RESULTS:
Between October 2015 and January 2017, 78 women were randomized to group A (n=40) and group B (n=38). There was no difference in global pain perception [7 (0–10) vs 7 (0–10); P=.57, 95% CI 5.8–7.1]. Procedure duration [3 (1–9) vs 3 (2–10), P=.32, 95% CI 3.3–4.1] and endometrial sample adequacy (78.9% vs 75.7%, P=.74) were similar in both groups. Group A patients had better endometrial visualization (P<.001) than group B based on the hysteroscopic images: excellent (50% vs 7.9%), good (20% vs 34.2%), and fair (22.5% vs 44.7%); group B participants required fewer endometrial biopsy attempts at obtaining adequate tissue sample (two vs one; P<.001, 1.6–1.9).

CONCLUSION:
Patients having successive office hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy for evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding, the global pain perception, and time required are independent of the order in which procedures are performed. Performing hysteroscopy first ensures better image, whereas biopsy first yields adequate tissue sample with fewer attempts.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02472184.