bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Usefulness of Mesoporous Silica as a Template for the Preparation of Bundles of Bi Nanowires with Precisely Controlled Diameter Below 10 nm
Authors: Kitahara Masaki , Kamila Hasbuna , Shimojima Atsushi , Wada Hiroaki , Mori Takao , Terasaki Ichiro , Kuroda Kazuyuki 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe reduction of the diameter of Bi nanowires below 10 nm has been an important target because of the theoretical prediction with regard to significant enhancement in thermoelectric performance by size reduction. In this study, we have demonstrated the usefulness of mesoporous silica with tunable pore size as a template for the preparation of thin Bi nanowires with diameters below 10 nm. Bi was deposited within the templates through a liquid phase deposition using hexane and 1,1,3,3‐tetramethyldisiloxane as a solvent and reducing agent, respectively. Bundles of thin Bi nanowires with non‐crystalline frameworks were successfully obtained after the template removal. The diameter was precisely controlled between about 6 nm and 9 nm. The judicious choices of mesoporous silica and deposition conditions are critical for the successful preparation. The reliable formation of such thin Bi nanowires reported here opens up exciting new possibilities.
Limits of application of initiated chemiluminescence in monitoring of oncological process of mucous membrane of mouth and larynx
Authors: Oliynyk Iryna 
Published: January 2016

AbstractInvestigation into the limits of application of chemiluminescence (CL) methods in oncology still attracts the attention of researchers. In the present work we analyze the screening and monitoring of oncological processes (OP) in the mucous membrane of the mouth and larynx by initiated CL (ICL). Chemiluminescence has already been used by stomatologists to define the start of OP, but methods that reflect the metabolic changes in organism under cancer diagnostics still have not found their place. This work presents results of ICL on blood serum (BS) of patients with oncological diseases at different stages of medical treatment compared with those of healthy people. We found an essential metabolic difference only in types of OP that are characterized by two maxima on chemiluminograms. These OP represent only 12.81% of groups of patients with oncological diseases. The possibility to apply ICL methods to monitor operation quality and control medical treatment at different stages when the two ICL maxima are present is established. At present, the chemiluminograms with the two maxima are mostly informative, but this does not exclude the quantitative analysis of other ICL kinetic methods and is encouraging for their investigation. Any OP introduces changes in organism function and these should be reflected in the ICL. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modulation of Hexadecyl‐LPA‐Mediated Activation of Mast Cells and Microglia by a Chemical Probe for LPA5
Authors: Kozian Detlef H. , von Haeften Elisabeth , Joho Sabrina , Czechtizky Werngard , Anumala Upendra R. , Roux Pascale , Dudda Angela , Evers Andreas , Nazare Marc 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMast cells and microglia play a critical role in innate immunity and inflammation and can be activated by a wide range of endogenous and exogenous stimuli. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) has recently been reported to activate mast cells and microglia. Using the human mast cell line HMC‐1 and the mouse microglia cell line BV‐2, we show that LPA‐mediated activation can be prevented by blockade of the LPA receptor 5 (LPA5) in both cell lines. The identification of new LPA5‐specific antagonists as tool compounds to probe and modulate the LPA5/LPA axis in relevant in vitro and in vivo assays should contribute to better understanding of the underlying role of LPAs in the development and progression of (neuro‐) inflammatory diseases.
Reverse knowledge transfer from subsidiaries to multinational companies: Focusing on factors affecting market knowledge transfer
Authors: Jeong Gap‐Yeon , Chae Myung‐Su , Park Byung Il 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDespite increasing research on reverse knowledge transfer (RKT) from subsidiaries to headquarters (HQs), there is no academic consensus on the primary determinants influencing RKT. By incorporating four different facets (i.e., absorption, sharing, implanting, and application of market knowledge) of the phenomenon, we draw new insights into RKT. Through empirically testing the phenomenon in the Korean context, we reveal that market knowledge absorption by subsidiaries is a critical component that influences the knowledge integration mechanisms (KIMs) within MNC networks. Furthermore, KIMs within MNC networks are primary keys for absorptive capacity (AC) of HQs and knowledge relevance between HQs and subsidiaries. Our results extend our understanding of RKT, while also offering useful implications for MNCs that intend to establish subsidiaries in foreign markets. Copyright © 2016 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Probing the Crystal Structure, Composition‐Dependent Absolute Energy Levels, and Electrocatalytic Properties of Silver Indium Sulfide Nanostructures
Authors: Saji Pintu , Ganguli Ashok K. , Bhat Mohsin A. , Ingole Pravin P. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe absolute electronic energy levels in silver indium sulfide (AIS) nanocrystals (NCs) with varying compositions and crystallographic phases have been determined by using cyclic voltammetry. Different crystallographic phases, that is, metastable cubic, orthorhombic, monoclinic, and a mixture of cubic and orthorhombic AIS NCs, were studied. The band gap values estimated from the cyclic voltammetry measurements match well with the band gap values calculated from the diffuse reflectance spectra measurements. The AIS nanostructures were found to show good electrocatalytic activity towards the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Our results clearly establish that the electronic and electrocatalytic properties of AIS NCs are strongly sensitive to the composition and crystal structure of AIS NCs. Monoclinic AIS was found to be the most active HER electrocatalyst, with electrocatalytic activity that is almost comparable to the MoS2‐based nanostructures reported in the literature, whereas cubic AIS was observed to be the least active of the studied crystallographic phases and compositions. In view of the HER activity and electronic band structure parameters observed herein, we hypothesize that the Fermi energy level of AIS NCs is an important factor that decides the electrocatalytic efficiency of these nanocomposites. The work presented herein, in addition to being the first of its kind regarding the composition and phase‐dependence of electrochemical aspects of AIS NCs, also presents a simple solvothermal method for the synthesis of different crystallographic phases with various Ag/In molar ratios.
Oxysulfonylation of Alkenes with Sulfonyl Hydrazides under Transition‐Metal‐Free Conditions
Authors: Liu Congrong , Ding Lianghui , Guo Guang , Liu Weiwei 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA novel method to synthesise β‐keto sulfones is demonstrated by Brønsted acid promoted oxysulfonylation of alkenes with sulfonyl hydrazides under transition‐metal‐free conditions. The reaction selectively affords structurally diverse β‐keto sulfones in good to excellent yields in a 9:1 mixture of acetonitrile/water.
Experimental evaluation of a glass curtain wall of a tall building
Authors: Lu Wensheng , Huang Baofeng , Mosalam Khalid M. , Chen Shiming 
Published: January 2016

SummaryThe seismic demand parameters including the floor acceleration amplification (FAA) factors and the interstory drift ratios (IDRs) were acquired from the floor response in time history analysis of a tall building subjected to selected ground motions. The FAA factors determined in this way are larger than those given in most current code provisions, but the obtained IDRs are close to the values given in some code provisions. Imposing a series of in‐plane pre‐deformations to two glass curtain wall (CW) specimens mounted on a shaking table, the IDRs were reproduced and the FAA factors were satisfied through applications of computed floor spectra compatible motion time histories, whose peak accelerations corresponded to the FAA factors. The CW specimens performed well during the whole experimental program with almost no change in the fundamental frequencies. No visible damage was observed in the glass panels. The maximum stresses detected in each component of the CW system were smaller than the design strengths. The obtained component acceleration amplification factor approached 3.35, which is larger than the value given in the current code provisions. In conclusion, the performance of the studied CW system is seismically safe. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthetic Applications of Carbohydrate‐derived Donor‐Acceptor Cyclopropanes
Authors: Ganesh Venkataraman , Sridhar Perali Ramu , Chandrasekaran Srinivasan 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn this account, we elaborate our group's contribution towards understanding the chemistry of carbohydrate‐derived donor‐acceptor (DA) cyclopropanes. Our work was mainly focused on the ring opening of these versatile chiral synthons under the influence of Lewis acid promoters like electrophilic halogen species, TMSOTf, BF3.OEt2, etc. We studied various modes of ring opening on these DA cyclopropanes, envisaging the access to intriguing molecular architectures. These modes of reaction of the DA cyclopropanes can be controlled by strategically introducing an electron‐withdrawing group (EWG) onto the cyclopropane ring, which could direct the ring cleavage by polarizing the cyclopropane C−C bond. Our studies also revealed that the ring opening is sluggish in the absence of an EWG. Using this concept, we demonstrated the synthesis of various biologically interesting molecular skeletons, viz., glycoamino acids (GAA), GAA nucleotides, α‐levoglucosan amino acid, and septano‐oligosaccharides, with high selectivity. We also applied our understanding to the first stereoselective synthesis of (S)‐(−)‐longianone and confirmed its absolute configuration. Apart from the inherently activated DA cyclopropanes, we introduced the in situ generation of DA cyclopropanes, starting from vinylcyclopropanes (VCPs). The ring‐opening and ring‐expansion chemistry of these easily accessible synthons was studied. The chemistry developed for carbohydrate‐fused cyclopropanes was also applied for carbohydrate‐derived spiro‐cyclopropanes. The Lewis‐acid‐mediated ring opening of spiro‐DA‐cyclopropanes enabled easy access to fused furopyrans and spirolactones.
Iron Oxide Supported on Al2O3 Catalyst for Methane Decomposition Reaction: Effect of MgO Additive and Calcination Temperature
Authors: Al‐Fatesh Ahmed S. , Fakeeha Anis H. , Ibrahim Ahmed A. , Khan Wasim U. , Atia H. , Eckelt R. , Chowdhury Biswajit 
Published: January 2016

AbstractProduction of hydrogen is a challenging task and have significant impact in the recent scenario. The alumina supported iron oxide nanoparticle synthesized using non‐ionic surfactant Triton‐X was found very effective for steady production of hydrogen through methane decomposition reaction. The high surface area, easily reducible catalyst calcined at 500 °C and 800 °C temperature showed steady activity towards methane decomposition reaction. At a higher reaction temperature there was catalyst deactivation. The doping of MgO facilitated particle growth rendering the poor catalytic activity. The TPR study showed that reducibility of TPR was difficult in presence of MgO additive. The formation of FeMgAl solid solution confirmed by XRD study was found mainly responsible for the lower catalytic activity. The bamboo‐shaped carbon nanotube formed from 20 % Fe/Al2O3 catalyst which is mainly because of the poor wetting property of quasi‐liquid metal and carbon nanotube.
Variability and trends of downward surface global solar radiation over the Iberian Peninsula based on ERA‐40 reanalysis
Authors: Perdigão João Carlos , Salgado Rui , Costa Maria João , Dasari Hari Prasad , Sanchez‐Lorenzo Arturo 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTA climate study of the incidence of downward surface global solar radiation (SSRD) in the Iberian Peninsula (IP) based primarily on ERA‐40 reanalysis is presented. NCEP/NCAR reanalysis and ground‐based records from several Portuguese and Spanish stations have been also considered. The results show that reanalysis can capture a similar inter‐annual variability as compared to ground‐based observations, especially on a monthly basis, even though annual ERA‐40 (NCEP/NCAR) values tend to underestimate (overestimate) the observations with a mean relative difference of around 20 W m–2 (40 W m–2). On the other hand, ground‐based measurements in Portuguese stations during the period 1964–1989 show a tendency to decrease until the mid‐1970s followed by an increase up to the end of the study period, in line with the dimming/brightening phenomenon reported in the literature. Nevertheless, there are different temporal behaviours as a greater increase since the 1970s is observed in the south and less industrialized regions. Similarly, the ERA‐40 reanalysis shows a noticeable decrease until the early 1970s followed by a slight increase up to the end of the 1990s, suggesting a dimming/brightening transition around the early 1970s, earlier in the south and centre and later in the north of the IP. Although there are slight differences in the magnitude of the trends as well as the turning year of the dimming/brightening periods, the decadal changes of ERA‐40 fairly agree with the ground‐based observations in Portugal and Spain, in contrast to most of the literature for other regions of the world, and is used in the climatology of the SSRD in the study area. NCEP/NCAR reanalysis does not capture the decadal variations of SSRD in the IP. The results show that part of the decadal variability of the global radiation in the IP is related to changes in cloud cover (represented in ERA‐40).
Projected changes in synoptic weather patterns over New Zealand examined through self‐organizing maps
Authors: Gibson Peter B. , Perkins‐Kirkpatrick Sarah E. , Renwick James A. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTNew insight is provided regarding 21st century projections of synoptic scale atmospheric circulation over the New Zealand region. Daily mean sea level pressure patterns from a number of general circulation models (GCMs) participating in the 5th Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) were analysed through a self‐organizing map (SOM) technique. In terms of simulating the synoptic climatology found in reanalyses, an initial model evaluation revealed quite substantial differences in model skill. Generally, those models with relatively high horizontal atmospheric resolution skilfully simulated the historical frequency and mean lifetime of large scale synoptic patterns over this region. Analysing future projections under this smaller subset of better‐performing models indicated robust and quite substantial increases in the annual frequency of widespread anticyclonic conditions over New Zealand, accompanied by a general decrease in widespread low pressure. These projected changes in frequency of synoptic occurrences become the most pronounced towards the end of the 21st century and for winter, whereas changes in the average synoptic pattern lifetime remain small. While not robust for all models in this subset, significant 21st century trends in the intensification of geostrophic westerly flow conditions within certain synoptic patterns were also found. Linking synoptic patterns to surface climate variables has also provided evidence that these circulation changes may collectively manifest as a significant non‐uniform climatic change across New Zealand. These findings should encourage further focused studies on circulation‐relevant applications and impacts in a climate change context.
The updated effective radiative forcing of major anthropogenic aerosols and their effects on global climate at present and in the future
Authors: Zhang Hua , Zhao Shuyun , Wang Zhili , Zhang Xiaoye , Song Lianchun 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTThe effective radiative forcing (ERF), as newly defined in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's Fifth Assessment Report (IPCC AR5), of three anthropogenic aerosols [sulphate (SF), black carbon (BC), and organic carbon (OC)] and their comprehensive climatic effects were simulated and discussed, using the updated aerosol‐climate online model of BCC_AGCM2.0.1_CUACE/Aero. From 1850 to 2010, the total ERF of these anthropogenic aerosols was −2.49 W m−2, of which the aerosol–radiation interactive ERF (ERFari) and aerosol–cloud interactive ERF (ERFaci) were ∼ −0.30 and −2.19 W m−2, respectively. SF was the largest contributor to the total ERF, with an ERF of −2.37 W m−2. The ERF of BC and OC were 0.12 and −0.31 W m−2, respectively. From 1850 to 2010, anthropogenic aerosols brought about a decrease of ∼2.53 K and ∼0.20 mm day−1 in global annual mean surface temperature and precipitation, respectively. Surface cooling was most obvious over mid‐ and high latitudes in the northern hemisphere (NH). Precipitation change was most pronounced near the equator, with decreased and increased rainfall to the north and south of the equator, respectively; this might be largely related to the enhanced Hadley Cell in the NH. Relative humidity near surface was increased, especially over land, due to surface cooling induced by anthropogenic aerosols. Cloud cover and water path were increased, especially in or near the source regions of anthropogenic aerosols. Experiments based on the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 given in IPCC AR5 shows the dramatic decrease in three anthropogenic aerosols in 2100 will lead to an increase of ∼2.06 K and 0.16 mm day−1 in global annual mean surface temperature and precipitation, respectively, compared with those in 2010.
Linear unconditional energy‐stable splitting schemes for a phase‐field model for nematic–isotropic flows with anchoring effects
Authors: Guillén‐González Francisco , Rodríguez‐Bellido María Ángeles , Tierra Giordano 
Published: January 2016

SummaryTwo‐phase flows composed of fluids exhibiting different microscopic structure are an important class of engineering materials. The dynamics of these flows are determined by the coupling among three different length scales: microscopic inside each component, mesoscopic interfacial morphology, and macroscopic hydrodynamics. Moreover, in the case of complex fluids composed by the mixture between isotropic (Newtonian fluid) and nematic (liquid crystal) flows, its interfaces exhibit novel dynamics due to anchoring effects of the liquid crystal molecules on the interface.Firstly, we have introduced a new differential problem to model nematic–isotropic mixtures, taking into account viscous, mixing, nematic, and anchoring effects and reformulating the corresponding stress tensors in order to derive a dissipative energy law. Then, we provide two new linear unconditionally energy‐stable splitting schemes. Moreover, we present several numerical simulations in order to show the efficiency of the proposed numerical schemes and the influence of the different types of anchoring effects in the dynamics of the system. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perceived social support and health‐related quality of life in AYA cancer survivors and controls
Authors: Tremolada Marta , Bonichini Sabrina , Basso Giuseppe , Pillon Marta 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundThis study compared education levels, health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and perceived social support of adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors with those of a control group of peers with no history of serious illness. The links between socio‐demographic and medical factors and AYA cancer survivor outcomes were investigated.MethodsThe participants included AYA cancer survivors (n = 205) recruited during follow‐up visits, and AYA peers (n = 205) recruited from the secondary schools, youth groups and universities. All of the participants filled in self‐report questionnaires regarding HRQoL and perceived social support. In addition, medical and socio‐demographic information was collected.ResultsThere were statistically significant differences between survivors and controls in terms of education level, HRQoL and perceived social support. Cancer survivors attended school for fewer years had a more positive perception of their health and a lower level of perceived social support provided by family, friends and significant others than controls. The results showed that female gender, the diagnosis of haematological disorder, haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and a shorter off‐treatment period are risk variables for poorer HRQoL and social functioning in AYA cancer survivors.ConclusionsAdolescent and young adult cancer survivors perceived a better quality of life than controls, especially those treated for haematological disorders or with a shorter off‐treatment period. Future studies should aim to understand better this positive self‐reported phenomenon, as well as investigating post‐traumatic growth using qualitative narratives. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does knowledge of diagnosis really affect rates of depression in cancer patients?
Authors: Kállay Éva , Pintea Sebastian , Dégi Csaba L. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSignificant levels of distress usually accompany the entire cancer experience, affecting the patients' general functioning and adaptation to illness.ObjectiveThe major objective of the present study was to investigate potential demographic and intrapersonal moderators of the relationship between knowing the cancer diagnosis and the level of depression experienced.MethodThe present research has a transversal comparative repeated cross‐sectional design (2006–2014), sampling following the proportional quota method. Research was conducted in the four major oncological institutes in Romania, obtaining a national sample of cancer patients, maintaining gender and ethnic rates, and permitting the investigation of the stability of the results from one assessment to the other.ResultsResults indicate that in the Romanian context, knowing the diagnosis is associated with a lower level of depression than not knowing the diagnosis, the results being similar in both assessments (2006–2014). Furthermore, from the explored demographic factors (gender, residence, age, and education), only age has a main effect upon depression (depression increasing with age), while education is the only factor from those analyzed, which has a moderator effect. Regarding the analyzed intra‐individual variables, only dysfunctional attitudes, emotion‐focused coping, and lack of emotional support from the family (loneliness) have main effects upon the level of depression (i.e., higher levels of dysfunctional attitudes, emotion‐focused coping, and loneliness are associated with higher levels of depression), while neither of them has a moderator effect on the relationship between knowing the diagnosis and depression.ConclusionThese results are important in the improvement of the doctor–patient relationship, the management of cancer‐related distress, and implicitly for the course of illness. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.