bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CHANGES OF SUCROSE CONTENT AND INVERTASE ACTIVITY DURING SUGARCANE STEM STORAGE
Authors: Siswoyo Tri Agus , Oktavianawati Ika , Djenal Djenal , Sugiharto Bambang , Murdiyanto Untung 
Published: December 2016

Invertases (beta-D-fructofuranosidase, E.C. 3.2.1.26) are the key enzymes involved in sucrose metabolism in sugarcane plants. They are highly correlated with sucrose and reducing sugar contents during plant growth. The sugarcane plants have two kinds of invertases, namely neutral invertase (NI) and acid invertase (AI). They have different function in sucrose accumulation. The research aimed to study the role of AI and NI in accumulation of reducing sugar during storage of sugarcane stems. Plant materials of 18-month-old field grown sugarcane of the commercial variety R-579 (wet-land) and M 442-51 (dry-land) were used. Three internodes were sampled to represent immature (internode 1-8/F1), maturing (internode 9-16/F2), and mature (internode 17-24/F3) stem tissues. All tissues were stored for 0-9 days at room temperature (28-32oC) and each day, the sample<br />was extracted to determine invertase activity, total soluble protein, and sugar contents. This observation was valid for invertase activity expressed on a protein basis. At the initiate<br />harvested (0-3 days), NI had a higher specific activity than AI in the sucrose-accumulating region of the sugarcane stems. Negative significant correlation was found between NI specific activity and sucrose accumulation (r2 = 0.41, P &lt; 0.05). AI showed a higher specific activity after 4 days harvested and had negative correlation with sucrose accumulation (r2 = 0.40, P &lt; 0.05). These results showed that NI could be more responsible in sucrose hydrolisis than AI at early storage of sugarcane stems.
IDENTIFICATION OF LEAD AND CADMIUM LEVELS IN WHITE CABBAGE (Brassica rapa L.), SOIL, AND IRRIGATION WATER OF URBAN AGRICULTURAL SITES IN THE PHILIPPINES
Authors: Hardiyanto Hardiyanto , De Guzman Constancio C. 
Published: December 2016

Urban agriculture comprises a variety of farming systems, ranging from subsistence to fully commercialized agriculture. Pollution from automobile exhaust, industrial and commercial<br />activities may affect humans, crops, soil, and water in and around urban agriculture areas. The research aimed to investigate the level and distribution of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in white cabbage (Brassica rapa L.), soil, and irrigation water taken from urban sites. The research was conducted in Las Piñas and Parañaque, Metro Manila, Philippines. The field area was divided into three sections based on its distance from the main road (0, 25, and 50 m). Irrigation water was taken from canal (Las Piñas) and river (Parañaque). Pb and Cd contents of the extract were measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Combined analysis over locations was used. The relationship between distance from the main road and metal contents was measured by Pearson’s correlation. Based on combined analyses, highly significant difference over locations was only showed on Cd content in white cabbage. Cd content in white cabbage grown in Parañaque was higher than that cultivated in Las Piñas, while Cd content in the soil between both sites was comparable.<br />The average Pb content (1.09 µg g-1 dry weight) was highest in the white cabbage grown right beside the main road. A similar trend was also observed in the soil, with the highest concentration being recorded at 26 µg g-1 dry weight. There was a negative relationship between distance from the main road and Pb and Cd contents in white cabbage and the soil. Level of Pb in water taken from the canal and river was similar (0.12 mg l-1), whereas<br />levels of Cd were 0.0084 and 0.0095 mg l-1, respectively. In general, the concentrations of Pb and Cd in white cabbage and soil as well as irrigation water were still in the acceptable limits. In terms of environmental hazards and polluted city environment, it seems that big cities in Indonesia especially Jakarta and Surabaya have the same problem with the Philippines. Therefore, it is suggested that the study on heavy metal contamination<br />in several crops, especially those grown along the main road, should be conducted.
VARIABILITY AND CORRELATION OF AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS OF MUNGBEAN GERMPLASM AND THEIR UTILIZATION FOR VARIETY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM Lukman Hakim
Authors: Hakim Lukman 
Published: December 2016

Information on the variability and correlation between agronomic characters of mungbean accessions with their yield are important for supporting breeding program of the plant. A total of 350 mungbean accessions were evaluated at Muara Experimental Farm, Indonesian Center for Food Crops Research and Development, Bogor, during the dry season of 2005. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Each accession was planted in two rows of 5 m long. Plant spacing was 40 cm x 20 cm, two plants per hill. Correlation and path coefficient analyses were used to quantify<br />the magnitude of the relationship between yield components and grain yield. The variability among the accessions was significant for most of the characters studied, especially for days to maturity, plant height, pods per plant, and seed size. Among the yield components, the number of pods per plant and plant height positively correlated with the grain yield, but the<br />seed size negatively correlated with grain yield. The direct effects of the number of pods per plant and plant height on seed yield as indicated by path coefficient were the highest, while other causal effects were small or negative. Yield variation (1- R2) attributable to the nine yield component variables was slightly high (61.23%), which means that mungbean accessions with high grain yield should have sufficient plant height and high number of pods per plant. Therefore, these parameters (number of pods per plant and plant height) can be used as the selection criteria in mungbean breeding program. These criteria can be visualized during bulk selection on the early generation stage of F2 to F4, and subsequently on line development of individual plant (pedigree) of F5.
PROPERTIES AND MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS OF SOILS FORMED FROM VOLCANIC MATERIALS IN LEMBANG AREA, WEST JAVA
Authors: Yatno Edi , Zauyah Siti 
Published: December 2016

Soils formed from volcanic materials have a high potential for agricultural development, especially for horticultural crops, tea, and pine trees. Data on the characteristics of these soils are important for the management planning. Six representative soil profiles developed on andesitic volcanic ash and tuff in Lembang area, West Java were studied to determine the soil physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties, to study the relationship between the soil properties, and to classify the soils according to the Soil Taxonomy. The results indicated that all the soils had very deep (&gt;150 cm) solum. In general, the volcanic ash soils were darker colored, more granular, more friable, less sticky and less plastic than the volcanic tuff soils. Physically, the ash soils had lower bulk density (0.44-0.73 mg m-3) and higher available water content (13-33%) than the tuff soils. Bulk density decreased with increasing allophane. Chemically, the ash soils had higher pHNaF (mostly &gt; 10), higher organic carbon (4.3-6.8% in upper horizons), higher CEC (20- 44 cmolc kg-1), and higher P retention (&gt; 85%) than the tuff soils. P retention logarithmically increased with increasing oxalate extractable Al and allophane. The sand fractions of the ash soils were dominated by hornblende, while the tuff soils were predominantly composed of opaque minerals. In the clay fractions, the ash soils were dominated by allophane, whereas the tuff soils showed high contents of gibbsite and metahalloysite. Soils developed on volcanic ash were classified as Thaptic Hapludands and Typic Melanudands, while soils formed from volcanic tuff were classified as Andic Dystrudepts. The low bulk density and friable consistency of the soils contributed to favorable soil tilth. However, high P retention and Al saturation in most soils are limiting factors for plant growth. Application of P fertilizers and liming coupled with efficient placement can be recommended to enhance P availability and reduce Al toxicity. Organic matter can be used to reduce Al toxicity. Soil conservation needs to be considered, especially in the steep slope areas.
ROLE OF POLYAMINES IN INHIBITION OF ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON RICE ANTHER CULTURE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Dewi Iswari S. , Purwoko Bambang S. 
Published: December 2016

The polyamines such as putrescine, spermidine, and spermine were reported to increase green plant regeneration in rice anther culture. Low response of anther culture of rice sub-species indica may be improved with the addition of putrescine in the culture media. Four experiments were conducted to study the role of polyamines in inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis and their effects on rice anther culture development. Anthers of two subspecies of rice, indica (IR64, Krowal, Jatiluhur) and japonica (Taipei 309) were cultured onto media supplemented with putrescine (N6P) and without putrescine (N6). Young<br />panicles containing the anthers at mid-to-late nucleate microspores were cold pretreated at 5 + 2°C and incubated in the dark for 8 days before the anthers were cultured. Results<br />showed that medium without putrescine produced an earlier senescence of indica rice anther than that of japonica. The addition of 10-3 M putrescine into the culture media inhibited ethylene biosynthesis as anther senescence delayed, increased the three polyamines contents, and decreased the ACC content as well as ACC oxydase activity in anther-derived calli. In the anther and anther-derived calli of subspecies indica, the total<br />polyamines content was lower (10.14 nM g-1 anther and 8.48 nM g-1 calli) than that of subspecies japonica (12.61 nM g-1 anther and 10.16 nM g-1 calli), whereas the ethylene production was higher (32.31 nM g-1 anther and 2.48 nM g-1 calli) than the japonica (31.68 nM g-1 anther and 1.76 nM g-1 calli). This study suggests that application of 10-3 M putrescine in anther culture of rice subspecies indica improves androgenesis by inhibiting<br />early senescence of cultured anthers and enhancing embryo or callus formation from microspores.
Solid-Particles Flow Regimes in Air/Water Stratified Flow in a Horizontal Pipeline
Authors: Dabirian Ramin , Mohan Ram S. , Shoham Ovadia , Kouba Gene 
Published: December 2016

Summary
The entrainment of solid particles in crude oil occurs during production from reservoirs with low formation strength. The stationary solid-particles bed at the horizontal pipe bottom can cause operational problems such as production decline, excessive pressure loss, equipment failure, erosion, and corrosion. Solid-particles deposition can be managed by operating above the critical solid-particles-deposition velocity, which is the velocity that maintains the continuous movement of particles at the pipe bottom. Here, a comprehensive analysis of solid-particle flow regimes in stratified flow in a horizontal pipeline is presented, which is a novel contribution because it is applied to multiphase flow. The effect of concentration on the solid-particle flow regimes and identification of the critical solid-particles-deposition velocities for various particle concentrations are also investigated.
The understanding of solid-particle flow regimes in pipelines for any given set of operational conditions is important for identifying the nature of particle interaction and movement. Experimental studies are conducted in a 4-in. horizontal pipeline for a stratified flow regime that uses air, water, and glass beads at relatively low solid-particles concentrations (&lt;10,000 ppm). The effects of different experimental conditions, such as gas velocity, solid-particles concentration, and particle size, are investigated in this study. Six main solid-particles flow regimes in horizontal air/water flow are identified, and can be distinguished visually: fully dispersed solid flow, dilute solids at wall, concentrated solids at wall, moving dunes, stationary dunes, and stationary bed. Therefore, the critical solid-particles-deposition velocities are determined on the basis of the transition between moving (concentrated solids at wall/moving dunes, as appropriate) and stationary (stationary dunes/bed, as appropriate) solid particles. The experimental data show that with small particle size, the critical solid-particles-deposition velocity is almost independent of concentration, while with larger particle sizes, the critical velocity increases with the concentration.
Ecological and Environmental Management During the Hail 3D Transition-Zone Survey: Safe Working Practices Within a UNESCO World-Biosphere Reserve
Authors: MacGlennon Gareth S. , Nilsson Peter B. , Casson George A. 
Published: December 2016

Summary
The Hail 3D transition-zone seismic survey, carried out by Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC) in 2013–14, was located within an area considered to be of significant national and international environmental importance. Falling within a designated marine protected area (MPA) that was ratified by Abu Dhabi ministerial decree, as well as in a United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) world-biosphere reserve, high standards of environmental and ecological management throughout the acquisition program were of paramount importance.
Effective environmental and ecological management throughout the project was attained through the design and implementation of numerous working procedures and monitoring programs. These included the development of specific sets of mitigation guidelines for use during transition-zone surveys for minimizing disturbance and injury to marine mammals and turtles and for operating within mangrove areas, and the use of environmental profiling, auditing, and post-operational monitoring in both the terrestrial and marine environment for collecting new data on the biodiversity and ecology of the area.
For the first time, we present ecological and environmental data collected over a period of 12 months within the Hail shoal area. In addition to data on species numbers and distributions, we present a method for effectively managing complex seismic surveys being carried out simultaneously in both the marine and terrestrial environment.
For marine-mammal and turtle species, visual observations were compared over time and analyzed against seismic activity by use of a regression analysis. Our results demonstrate seasonal variation in total numbers throughout the year, with no significant reduction in observed numbers occurring as a result of seismic-exploration activities.
We further demonstrate how a complex seismic survey can be managed and supervised to mitigate and minimize the environmental footprint or negative impacts on biodiversity as a result of the exploration and resource development considered crucial to the socioeconomic development of Abu Dhabi.
Odor-Treatment Technology for Recovered Hydrocarbons From Oily Waste in a Thermal-Desorption Unit
Authors: Fang Jilei , Meng Xianghai , Xu Guoling , Yue Yong , Cong Peichao , Xiao Chao , Guo Wenhui 
Published: December 2016

Summary
Oily waste, as the intrinsic byproduct of the oil and gas industry, is considered hazardous waste, and thermal-desorption units (TDUs) have been applied widely to process this waste under an environmentally sound protocol.
A TDU is used to separate hydrocarbons, water, and solids by indirect heating. In the process, the base oil and chemical additives are fractured and dissociated with the increasing temperature, resulting in a pungent odor from the recovered hydrocarbons. It is this odor that has restricted the reuse of the recovered hydrocarbons. After analysis, it is determined that the pungent odor is caused by the presence of sulfur and nitrogen compounds. Consequently, an odor-treatment system that is based on the catalytic cracking and preferential adsorption method has been developed and introduced into the TDU for the removal of the odor. The sulfur and nitrogen compounds are cracked into a broken-chain structure under the action of a catalyst, and then they are adsorbed selectively by adsorbing material. After treatment, the removal rate of total sulfur and total nitrogen reaches 93.74 and 98.41%, respectively, realizing the elimination of the pungent odor. Furthermore, the color of the recovered hydrocarbons fades away.
Currently, odor-treatment technology is applied directly in situ, where the oily cuttings are stored, and more than 1,300 bbl of acceptable hydrocarbons have been recovered. These recovered hydrocarbons meet all operating requirements, and have been reused for oil-based mud (OBM) or sales. Because of the operation, the recovered hydrocarbons could have a higher price for sales, which proves the process to be not only environmentally sound, but also valuable to the bottom line of the operator’s production.
A TDU with odor-treatment system can bring technical and economic advantages to the user. Not only has the process proved to be very economical for recovered hydrocarbons, it is also preventive and can mitigate potential environmental liabilities.
Crop, Tillage, and Landscape Effects on Near‐Surface Soil Quality Indices in Indiana
Authors: Hammac W. Ashley , Stott Diane E. , Karlen Douglas L. , Cambardella Cynthia A. 
Published: December 2016

Core IdeasSoil quality scores were highest in perennial grass systems, followed by a soybean‐dominated rotation, followed by a corn‐based rotation.No‐till crop production had no higher soil quality score than chisel–disk tillage but the uncultivated perennial grass system scored higher than both.In this crop production‐dominated region, soil quality is driven by biological properties like soil C and β‐glucosidase activity and physical properties like bulk density and macroaggregate stability.Soil quality is a critical link between land management and water quality. We aimed to assess soil quality within the Cedar Creek Watershed, a pothole‐dominated subwatershed within the St. Joseph River watershed that drains into the Western Lake Erie Basin in northeastern Indiana. The Soil Management Assessment Framework (SMAF) with 10 soil quality indicators was used to assess inherent and dynamic soil and environmental characteristics across crop rotations, tillage practices, and landscape positions. Surface physical, chemical, and nutrient component indices were high, averaging 90, 93, and 98% of the optimum, respectively. Surface biology had the lowest component score, averaging 69% of the optimum. Crop rotation, tillage, and landscape position effects were assessed using ANOVA. Crop selection had a greater impact on soil quality than tillage, with perennial grass systems having higher values than corn (Zea maysL.) or soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.]. Furthermore, soybean rotations often scored higher than corn rotations. Uncultivated perennial grass systems had higher overall soil quality index (SQI) values and physical, chemical, and biological component values than no‐till or chisel–disk systems. Chisel–disk effects on overall and component SQI values were generally not significantly different from no‐till management except for a few physical indicators. Toe‐slopes had higher physical, biological, and overall SQI values than summit positions but toe‐slope values were not significantly different from those of mid‐slope positions. This work highlights the positive effects of perennial grass systems, the negative effects of corn‐based systems, and the neutral effects of tillage on soil quality.
Передбачення розвитку цукрового діабету 1-го типу та діагностика його асимптомної фази за допомогою автоантитіл до острівців Лангерганса підшлункової залози у людини задовго до виникнення у неї захворювання
Authors: Zak K.P. , Popova V.V. 
Published: December 2016

Робота присвячена аналізу останніх даних зарубіжної літератури та результатів власних двадцятирічних досліджень, що стосуються вивчення автоантитіл до острівців Лангерганса підшлункової залози людини і їх використання як тесту для передбачення ризику виникнення цукрового діабету (ЦД) 1-го типу та діагностики асимптомної фази його розвитку в нормоглікемічних дітей України. Більшість зарубіжних діабетологів дотримуються єдиної думки, що визначення титру острівцевих автоантитіл (ОАА) ICA, IAA, GADA, IA‑2A і ZnT8 в сироватці крові людини має високу діагностичну цінність і специфічність для виявлення автоімунного деструктивного процесу в острівцях, починаючи з самої початкової асимптомної фази розвитку ЦД, задовго (іноді за місяці або багато років) до виникнення клінічних симптомів захворювання у нормоглікемічної людини. При одночасному виявленні позитивності до більшості ОАА розвиток ЦД 1-го типу неминучий. Наші спостереження, вперше проведені на дітях України, повністю підтверджують цей висновок. Точність передбачення ризику виникнення діабету прямо пропорційна кількості одночасно використовуваних різних видів ОАА: чим їх більше, тим вища точність прогнозу, а також вона асоціюється з генотипом HLA-DR-DQ, віком обстежуваного, висотою титру автоантитіл і тривалістю часу, який минув після першого позитивного тесту. При одночасному скринінгу чотирьох-п’яти ОАА точність передбачення діабету перевищує 90 %. Характерною властивістю ОАА є варіабельність їхнього титру в крові, тобто його підвищення відбувається при чергуванні з реверсією до нормального рівня. Одночасно ОАА використовуються для виявлення збережених резидуальних бета-клітин у підшлунковій залозі у віддалений термін після інсулінотерапії, що необхідно для призначення більш ефективної імунологічної інтервенції, а також для більш точної диференціації ЦД 1-го і 2-го типу у дорослих.
В унісон із світовими тенденціями: клінічні аспекти застосування ліраглутиду в комбінації з інсуліном у пацієнтів із цукровим діабетом (огляд літератури і клінічні спостереження)
Authors: Korpacheva-Zinych O.V. , Kushnariova N.M. , Kovalchuk A.V. , Prybila O.V. , Shyshkan-Shyshova K.O. , Huryna N.M. , Korpachev V.V. 
Published: December 2016

Надано огляд літератури з питань терапії цукрового діабету 1-го і 2-го типу на основі інкретинового ефекту, про механізми дії, переваги й обмеження нового класу протидіабетичних препаратів — агоністів рецепторів глюкагоноподібного пептиду‑1 (ГПП‑1), про їх клінічне застосування в комбінації з інсуліном, що дозволяє нівелювати негативні ефекти останнього. Наводяться описи успішного клінічного застосування ліраглутиду в пацієнтів, що страждають на цукровий діабет 2-го типу, у випадках неефективно контрольованої глікемії натще, за відсутності компенсації глікемії високими дозами інсуліну й метформіну, а також при кардіоренальному синдромі.
Автоімунний полігландулярний синдром (спостереження з практики)
Authors: Gurina N.I. , Prudius P.G. , Vlasenko M.V. 
Published: December 2016

Наведений клінічний випадок відображає поліендокринопатію автоімунного генезу, що має перебіг з одночасним первинним множинним ураженням залоз внутрішньої секреції та інших органів. Множинні ендокринопатії взаємно обтяжують одна одну й ускладнюють перебіг захворювання. Основу патогенетичної терапії становить постійна замісна гормонотерапія при функціональній недостатності уражених ендокринних залоз. Раннє виявлення автоімунного полігландулярного синдрому та проведення своєчасного лікування дозволяє контролювати перебіг захворювання.