bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and first tests of the trapped electrons experiment T-REX
Authors: Romano F. , Le Bars G. , Loizu J. , Nöel M. , Hogge J.-P. , Alberti S. , Genoud J. , Antonioni S. , Naux L. , Giroud-Garampon P. , Couturier S. , Leresche T. , Fasel D. 
Published: October 2024

Gyrotrons are essential for electron cyclotron resonance heating in fusion reactors, making efficient operation crucial for advancing fusion energy. Past experiments revealed instability issues due to trapped electrons in the magnetron injection gun (MIG) region, causing undesired currents and operational failures. To address this, tight manufacturing tolerances are required for the MIG geometry [Pagonakis et al., Phys. Plasmas 23, 023105 (2016)]. We present the initial findings of the trapped electrons experiment developed at the Swiss Plasma Center, designed to understand the physics of electron clouds in gyrotron MIGs. T-REX replicates MIG geometries, as well as their typical electric and magnetic fields, and it is supported by 2D particle-in-cell simulations with the FENNECS code [Le Bars et al., Phys. Plasmas 29, 082105 (2022); Le Bars, Ph.D. thesis, EPFL, Lausanne, 2023]. The setup includes two coaxial electrodes in a vacuum chamber atop a superconducting magnet, with a central electrode biased to negative DC voltages and an outer one at the ground, creating a radial electric field (1–2 MV/m) and an axial magnetic field (B &lt; 0.4 T). This setup mimics Penning–Malmberg traps. We present the experimental device and first findings on current distribution and also a qualitative comparison with FENNECS simulations [Le Bars et al., Comput. Phys. Commun. 303, 109268 (2024)]. Planned diagnostics include optical emission spectroscopy, phosphor screen imaging, streak camera imaging, and potentially electric field distribution via the Stark effect. This research aims to enhance gyrotron performance and reliability in fusion energy systems.
Thermal characterization of vertical interface by scanning photothermal radiometry
Authors: Mateos-Canseco Alejandro , Kusiak Andrzej , Battaglia Jean-Luc , Museau Matthieu , Villeneuve François 
Published: October 2024

In this work, scanning photothermal radiometry is used for imaging and to characterize a submicron crack. From the thermal images, the evolution of the crack is mapped in the space with micrometer resolution. A vertical contact interface at the steel–steel junction is used to represent a micro-crack with a thickness less than 0.5 μm. The thermal quadrupole approach is used to model the heat transfer within the semi-infinite vertical crack. Then, using the phase mapping and that calculated from the model, the estimation of both the equivalent thermal boundary resistance of the interface and the average interface thickness was done.
Digital social reading annotations as evidence of L2
proficiency
Authors: Poole Frederick J. , Thoms Joshua J. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this chapter, we put forth an exploratory approach for
using digital social reading (DSR) tools and activities to develop
and implement performance-based assessments. We argue that by
planning tasks for assessment purposes within an assessment for
learning framework, second language (L2) educators can
systematically collect formative data to make better evaluations of
student proficiency levels. In addition, we demonstrate how DSR
tools can facilitate this approach to classroom-based assessments.
Drawing on data collected from two earlier studies in Chinese L2
classrooms, we demonstrate how engagement with DSR tools can provide
evidence of reading proficiency at different levels. We also provide
recommendations for designing DSR tasks using the evidence-centered
design framework (Yin &
Mislevy, 2021) and illustrate how these tasks can be
expanded into Integrated Performance Assessments that evaluate other
modes of communication, in addition to interpretive reading.
North Korean propaganda and counterpropaganda on YouTube
Authors: Kang Seok 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Drawn from attribute agenda setting theory and propaganda theory, this study examined an attribute agenda structure of YouTube videos on North Korean propaganda and its relationship with social media network indicators. A topic modeling analysis with 2,538 video descriptions clustered bulk documents into four attribute agendas: proximity, prominence, conflicts, and common interest. Proximity related North Korean propaganda to its main stakeholders such as China. Prominence was concerned with the relationship between North Korea and business. Conflict showcased North Korea’s military power as a confronting mode against South Korea. Common interest covered daily attractions in North Korea, including music and tourism. A positive relationship between conflict and all network strength indicators implies that YouTube descriptions of North Korea are related to military confrontations, showing belligerence as a notable attribute. Four topics and their linkage with network ties suggest that, despite North Korea’s efforts to build a soft image via YouTube, influencers set conflicts as key agenda attributes.
A corpus-based comparative acoustic analysis of target-like vowel production by L1-Japanese learners and
native speakers of English
Authors: Schweinberger Martin , Komiya Yuki 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study combines acoustic phonetics, (applied) corpus linguistics, machine learning, and speech
recognition to analyse the production of the monophthongal vowels / ɐ ɒ æ e ɛ i: ɪ u; ʊ ʌ / in the speech of
L1-Japanese learners and L1-speakers of English based on transcripts and audio data from the Japanese spoken monologue
section of the International Corpus Network of Asian Learners of English (ICNALE).
The aim of this analysis is to evaluate what vowels L1-Japanese learners struggle with in terms of target-like vowel
production and to provide insights into the determining factors causing divergencies from L1-English produced vowels.
The results of a Multifactorial Prediction and Deviation Analysis Using Regression/Random Forests
(MuPDARF) show that Japanese learners of English do indeed have difficulties in producing English vowels in a
target-like manner but that these difficulties are confined to a relatively small set of vowels (/ ɪ u ʊ ɛ /). In
addition, the analysis shows that difficulties are predominantly correlated with language-internal factors while
language external factors (the age and gender of speakers) as well as their target variety and proficiency do not
significantly correlate with non-target-like vowel production. The results suggest that Japanese learners of English
can focus on specific vowels to enhance their target-like vowel production and that difficulties are caused by
L1-interference due to a lack of phonemic vowel duration in Japanese and the similarity of Japanese and English vowels
leading learners to use their L1 vowels rather than the slightly but notably different English vowel variants. The
results can be used to raise awareness of L1-specific difficulties among this learner cohort due to their
L1-background.
Digital Dickens
Authors: Schneider Gerold 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This investigation employs computational linguistic methods such as document classification, topic
modelling, and distributional semantics to scrutinize eight novels by Charles Dickens, uncovering dimensions of social
criticism, literary realism, and narrative structures. While affirming positive results for automated analysis of
social criticism, the study emphasizes that it could discover differing associations only due to semantic abstraction,
which distributional semantics, word embeddings, and topic modelling can offer. Literary realism is successfully
traced through detailed descriptions and everyday activities. Plotting plots with computational linguistic methods,
specifically conceptual maps with textplot, shows promise but requires refinement. The study shows that current
methods in content analysis offer new possibilities for literary analysis and digital humanities.
Do corpus data on World Englishes inspire tolerance of variation in ELT professionals?
Authors: Schlüter Julia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The present study aims to show that — given the status of English as a pluricentric global language and as a
lingua franca — Corpus Linguistics has important and unique contributions to make to English Language Teaching (ELT).
Desirable innovations arguably involve popularizing the use of corpus concordancing as a tool to put native speaker
intuitions on a firmer empirical footing, and imbuing ELT practitioners with an awareness that variation – in
particular (but not only) between geographical varieties — is an inherent and legitimate characteristic of language in
use. To support these points, a quasi-experimental questionnaire study with 76 native English speaking teachers based
at German universities is reported, which demonstrates the promises but also the obstacles of such an approach.
The analysis of errors in written word and sentence production
Authors: Soum-Favaro Christiane , Solier Clara , Perret Cyril 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper proposes a linguistic theoretical review of French spelling surrounding regularity and consistency
questions both in the description of forms and in the estimation of regularity. After having described the terminological
ambiguity that prevails in these analyses and after having shown the impact of this ambiguity on the analysis of written errors,
we propose a new classification of French written errors passing through theoretically-driven and concept-driven analyses. This
classification, focuses on the production of lexical and grammatical spelling created for the DynaPen project and is available on
OSF.
Efficient coupling of single photons from chromium-vacancy centers in nanodiamonds into end-to-end aligned optical nanowires
Authors: Sahu Subrat , Jha Rajan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We report a numerical simulation on the coupling of chromium-vacancy centers in nanodiamond (CrV-ND) with end-to-end aligned optical nanowires (ONWs) structure. The structure is designed using finite-difference time-domain simulations to maximize the bidirectional coupling of spontaneous emission from a CrV-ND into ONW-guided modes. We systematically analyze the dependence of spontaneous emission characteristics on the ONW and CrV-ND dimension, quantum emitter (QE) position, and polarization. We show that coupling efficiency as high as 62% can be achieved into the guided modes from a CrV-ND placed at the center of ONWs, which is twice as compared to a CrV-ND placed on an ONW surface. The degree of polarization of single photons from CrV-ND is also estimated to be as high as 64%. This simple device can be reconfigured for various QEs. This present fiber inline platform may open new avenues in quantum photonics.
Hot carrier-based metal–semiconductor photodetectors: from quantum efficiency models to structural innovations
Authors: Seok Jongeun , Jin Yeonghoon , Yu Kyoungsik 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Hot carrier photodetectors have emerged as a promising technology in modern photonics. They show immense potential for affordable, high-performance photodetection in various applications due to their simple fabrication and extended spectral range through sub-bandgap operation. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of hot carrier photodetectors, elucidating their operation principles based on internal photoemission. By examining the evolution of quantum efficiency models for hot carrier generation and transport, we offer a comparative analysis of recent advances in these models. We also outline various design strategies and emphasize their role in improving the overall device efficiency. The paper concludes with a summary of performance milestones achieved by different hot carrier photodetectors and a discussion on future directions.
Synergistic contributions of the poling field-induced changes in local structure on the piezoelectric properties of modified BaTiO3 system
Authors: Roy Pranab Kumar , Kumaravelu Thanigai Arul , Roy Chiranjit , Nga Ta Thi Thuy , Chen Jeng-Lung , Dong Chung-Li , Murugavel Pattukkannu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Local structural heterogeneity is a key factor in improving the piezoelectric properties of non-centrosymmetric piezoelectric systems. This work investigates electric field-induced structural and microstructural changes at localized and average scales to elucidate the structure-property correlations that enhance piezoelectric performance in Sn-doped BaTiO3 systems exhibiting coexisting phase boundaries. Despite showing field-induced structural phase transformation, the sample displays variations in piezocoefficient values with the nature of phase boundary compositions. Raman spectroscopy measurements reveal that the TiO6/SnO6 octahedra near the tetragonal-orthorhombic phase boundary exhibit significantly greater poling field-induced structural heterogeneities in local structure compared to those near the orthorhombic-cubic phase boundary. X-ray absorption spectroscopic results on Ti and Sn K-edge in unpoled and poled samples reveal that the dipolar contribution responsible for the piezoelectricity originates from field-induced distortion associated with both TiO6 and SnO6 octahedra. Near the vicinity of the tetragonal-orthorhombic phase boundary, both the TiO6 and SnO6 contributions are cumulative and exhibit better piezoelectricity. On the other hand, at the orthorhombic-cubic phase boundary, the dipolar contributions from these octahedra are counterintuitive, resulting in a reduction of piezoelectricity. These results could provide a pathway to design materials with an enhanced piezoelectric response by considering various phase boundary aspects before applying a poling field prior to making them piezoactive.
A study on the time–frequency variation law of electromagnetic radiation signals during concrete cracking
Authors: Jinghua Zhang , Lisha Peng , Xiangbo Kong , Shuzhi Wen , Songling Huang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Brittle materials such as concrete, rock, and coal emit weak electromagnetic radiation (EMR) signals during their cracking process. This study analyzed the time–frequency variation law during the concrete cracking process from the perspectives of energy changes and vibration processes. The relationship between EMR signals and concrete samples of different scales and strength standards, as well as between EMR signals and acoustic emission (AE) signals were investigated. The results indicate that the size and strength of the concrete samples primarily alter the dissipated energy stored within them. A positive correlation exists between the amplitude of EMR signals and the internal dissipated energy during the concrete cracking process. During the linear elastic stage, only a small amount of cracks form in concrete, resulting in negligible EMR signals. However, during the cracking process, EMR signals of various frequency bands are generated. The amplitude of low-frequency EMR signals exhibits minimal variation, showing a slight increase in the later stages of cracking. Medium and high-frequency EMR signals reach peak amplitudes at the point of maximum stress reduction and then rapidly decrease. Additionally, the primary frequency of the EMR signals closely matches the frequency of both crack vibration signals and AE signals. Therefore, analyzing the changes in amplitude and frequency of EMR signals during the concrete cracking process holds promise as a novel, non-destructive method for monitoring concrete cracks.
Near-unity quantum efficiency of self-powered broadband photovoltaic black Si photodetectors with passivated Schottky junction
Authors: Park HyunJung , Kim You Jin , Kim Munho 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study reports an effective chlorine (Cl2) plasma technique to passivate black Si surfaces, leading to high-responsivity self-powered broadband black silicon (Si) Schottky photodetectors and solar cells. Although black Si has gathered great attention for its excellent light absorption property, its application to optoelectronic devices has been mainly limited by a low carrier lifetime and high recombination rate originating from the nanotexturing process. We propose a simple Cl2 plasma technique to enhance the Schottky junction between black Si and graphene. The effective carrier lifetime is increased from 6.5 to 16.7 μs, leading to significant enhancement of device performance (i.e., responsivity from 0.676 to 409 mA W−1 and photo-to-dark current ratio from 1.10 to 3788 at 532 nm under self-powered mode, reduced dark current density from 5.96 to 1.00 µA cm−1, and improved photoconversion efficiency from 0.05% to 2.33%). These results highlight the high potential of Cl2 plasma as an effective passivation technique, paving the way for advancements in black semiconductor devices. Furthermore, the dual-function advantages of high-quality surface passivation and excellent light absorption properties make it an attractive and efficient scheme, particularly for optoelectronic devices.
Survey on portable sensing technologies for the radial artery characterization
Authors: Leandri Aurélia , Lecrosnier Louis , Ghazel Adel , Faure Bastien 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The radial artery, one of the terminal branches of the forearm, is utilized for vascular access and in various non-invasive measurement method, providing crucial medical insights. Various sensor technologies have been developed, each suited to specific characterization requirements. The work presented in this paper is based on a systematic literature review of the main publications relating to this topic. Analysis of the forearm vascular system complex array of anatomical structures shows that the radial artery can be characterized by its size, position, elasticity, tissue evaluation, blood flow and blood composition. The survey of medical procedures for patient monitoring, diagnosis and pre-operative validation shows the use of measures for pulse wave, blood pressure, heart rate, skin temperature, tissue response,

…

By exploring sensor technologies used for artery characterization, we produce a synthesis of measurement principles, measured phenomena and measurement accuracy for capacitive, piezoresistive, bioimpedance, thermography, fiber optic based, piezoelectric and photoacoustic sensors. A comparative study is conducted for sensor technologies by considering the metrics of the information to be collected and the associated accuracy as well as the portability, the complexity of the processing, the cost and the mode of contact with the arm. Finally, a comprehensive framework is proposed to facilitate informed decisions in the development of medical devices tailored to specific characterization needs.
Synergetic engineering of oxidizable, redox, and inert metal decorated copper oxide for non-volatile memory and neuromorphic computing applications
Authors: Kundale Somnath S , Patil Swapnil R , Chavan Vijay D , Ustad Ruhan E , Bagade Amit A , Patil Suvarna M , Waifalkar Pradyumna P , Kim Deok-kee , Bae Jinho , Dongale Tukaram D 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the quest for efficient resistive switching (RS) materials for both non-volatile memory and neuromorphic computing applications, a variety of functional materials have been researched in the last few years. Herein, we systematically synthesized Ni, Ag, and Au decorated copper oxide (Cu
x
O) by using an electrochemical approach and investigated their RS performance for both non-volatile memory storage and neuromorphic computing applications. By tuning various electrochemical parameters, we optimized Ni, Ag, and Au decoration over the Cu
x
O switching layers to understand the effect of oxidizable, redox, and inert metal decoration, respectively. Fabricated Ni–Cu
x
O/FTO, Ag-Cu
x
O/FTO, and Au–Cu
x
O/FTO devices show forming-free bipolar and analog properties of RS behavior. The electrical measurements asserted that the electrodeposited Ni–Cu
x
O/FTO RS device shows excellent RS, non-volatile memory, and synaptic learning properties compared to the Ag–Cu
x
O/FTO, and Au–Cu
x
O/FTO devices. Moreover, the statistical and Weibull distribution parameters suggested that the Ni–Cu
x
O/FTO RS device has lower switching variation than the other two devices. The conduction mechanisms of all devices are investigated by fitting the appropriate physics-oriented models. It was found that Ohmic and Child’s square law were dominated during the charge transport and the RS process occurred due to the filamentary switching effect. Results suggested the electro-decorated/-deposited Ni–Cu
x
O is a suitable switching layer for memory as well as neuromorphic computing applications.
Design of MgO/graphene nanocomposites for photocatalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol and electrocatalytic oxidation of Methylene blue dye
Authors: Mosleh Ahmed T , Hassan Ahmed E , Sabry N , Ganesh V , Zahran H Y , Aboraia A M , Hussien Mai S A , Alkureda T , Yahia Ibrahim S 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The present study deals with the combustion synthesis of MgO/Graphene (MG) nanocomposites and investigates their photocatalytic, electrocatalytic, and photo-electrocatalytic properties for efficient redox reactions. Techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, SEM, HR-TEM, EDX, BET, and UV–vis-DRS were used to characterize MG nanocomposites. Both the photocatalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) and the electrocatalytic results of the MG2 nanocomposite were studied under visible light. The results showed that the MG2 nanocomposite catalyst achieved 99.07% degradation of MB dye and kinetic degradation rates of 0.114 min−1 after 40 min, compared to the catalytic activity of MG0. Thus, facile modification can effectively improve the photocatalytic reduction (toxic 4-NP to beneficial 4-AP) and electrocatalytic degradation (MB) abilities of MG0. The functions of active species in the catalytic process were investigated using various scavengers. The ·OH radicals are the reactive species responsible for the 4-NP reduction, and a possible mechanism for improved catalytic activities was also provided. Incorporating graphene under visible light boosted the MG’s activity and confirmed it to be the most effective method for handling MB dye.