bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sialendoscopy: Getting started, how long does it take?
Authors: Kent David T. , Walvekar Rohan R. , Schaitkin Barry M. 
Published: March 2016

Objectives/HypothesisDilation of the salivary gland papilla for access is well‐recognized as one of the major rate‐limiting steps to sialendoscopy and has been shown to be a major challenge for beginners. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that an algorithm involving multiple techniques for salivary duct access in sialendoscopy results in excellent success rates and acceptable operative times.Study DesignA retrospective, observational review of 61 patients who underwent sialendoscopy of the parotid or submandibular gland, for a total of 65 papillas accessed (31 parotid, 34 submandibular) with seven different trainees utilizing a standard protocol for duct access, was performed. The time interval from the case start to endoscopic visualization of the ductal lumen was measured. Average values for time to duct access were then calculated.ResultsThe papilla was identified in all but one case without difficulty. Five submandibular gland cases required sialodochotomy for access. The average time to duct access was 4.2 ± 4.7 minutes (range: 0.67–25 minutes). Exclusion of four difficult cases with access times over 15 minutes yielded an average access time of 3.2 ± 2.2 minutes.ConclusionThis standardized protocol demonstrates high rates of success for salivary duct access via the papilla in a short time interval with infrequent need for sialodochotomy, even in the hands of novice surgeons.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 126:1083–1085, 2016
Composite scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering based on natural polymers of bacterial origin, thermoplastic poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) and micro‐fibrillated bacterial cellulose
Authors: Akaraonye Everest , Filip Jan , Safarikova Mirka , Salih Vehid , Keshavarz Tajalli , Knowles Jonathan C , Roy Ipsita 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCartilage tissue engineering is an emerging therapeutic strategy that aims to regenerate damaged cartilage caused by disease, trauma, ageing or developmental disorder. Since cartilage lacks regenerative capabilities, it is essential to develop approaches that deliver the appropriate cells, biomaterials and signalling factors to the defect site. Materials and fabrication technologies are therefore critically important for cartilage tissue engineering in designing temporary, artificial extracellular matrices (scaffolds), which support 3D cartilage formation. Hence, this work aimed to investigate the use of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate)/microfibrillated bacterial cellulose (P(3HB)/MFC) composites as 3D‐scaffolds for potential application in cartilage tissue engineering. The compression moulding/particulate leaching technique employed in the study resulted in good dispersion and a strong adhesion between the MFC and the P(3HB) matrix. Furthermore, the composite scaffold produced displayed better mechanical properties than the neat P(3HB) scaffold. On addition of 10, 20, 30 and 40 wt% MFC to the P(3HB) matrix, the compressive modulus was found to have increased by 35%, 37%, 64% and 124%, while the compression yield strength increased by 95%, 97%, 98% and 102% respectively with respect to neat P(3HB). Both cell attachment and proliferation were found to be optimal on the polymer‐based 3D composite scaffolds produced, indicating a non‐toxic and highly compatible surface for the adhesion and proliferation of mouse chondrogenic ATDC5 cells. The large pores sizes (60 ‐ 83 µm) in the 3D scaffold allowed infiltration and migration of ATDC5 cells deep into the porous network of the scaffold material. Overall this work confirmed the potential of P(3HB)/MFC composites as novel materials in cartilage tissue engineering. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Differential proteome and cellular adhesion analyses of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM grown on raffinose – an emerging prebiotic
Authors: Celebioglu Hasan Ufuk , Ejby Morten , Majumder Avishek , Købler Carsten , Goh Yong Jun , Thorsen Kristian , Schmidt Bjarne , O'Flaherty Sarah , Abou Hachem Maher , Lahtinen Sampo J. , Jacobsen Susanne , Klaenhammer Todd R. , Brix Susanne , Mølhave Kristian , Svensson Birte 
Published: March 2016

Whole cell and surface proteomes were analyzed together with adhesive properties of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM (NCFM) grown on the emerging prebiotic raffinose, exemplifying a synbiotic. Adhesion of NCFM to mucin and intestinal HT‐29 cells increased three‐fold after culture with raffinose versus glucose, as also visualized by scanning electron microscopy. Comparative proteomics using 2D‐DIGE showed 43 unique proteins to change in relative abundance in whole cell lysates from NCFM grown on raffinose compared to glucose. Furthermore, 14 unique proteins in 18 spots of the surface subproteome underwent changes identified by differential 2DE, including elongation factor G, thermostable pullulanase, and phosphate starvation inducible stress‐related protein increasing in a range of +2.1 − +4.7 fold. By contrast five known moonlighting proteins decreased in relative abundance by up to −2.4 fold. Enzymes involved in raffinose catabolism were elevated in the whole cell proteome; α‐galactosidase (+13.9 fold); sucrose phosphorylase (+5.4 fold) together with metabolic enzymes from the Leloir pathway for galactose utilization and the glycolysis; β‐galactosidase (+5.7 fold); galactose (+2.9/+3.1 fold) and fructose (+2.8 fold) kinases. The insights at the molecular and cellular levels contributed to the understanding of the interplay of a synbiotic composed of NCFM and raffinose with the host.
Multistimuli responsive ternary polyampholytes: Formation and crosslinking of coacervates
Authors: Abdilla Allison , Shi Shanna , Burke Nicholas A. D. , Stöver Harald D. H. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTA series of multiresponsive ternary polyampholytes were prepared by free‐radical copolymerization of N‐(3‐aminopropyl) methacrylamide hydrochloride (APM), methacrylic acid (MAA), and N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl) acrylamide (HEA). APM and MAA were held at 1:1 molar ratio, while the HEA monomer feed was varied between 14 and 33 mol %. Compositional drift during polymerization was monitored by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, and minimized by adjusting the reactivity of MAA through its degree of ionization. The resulting polyampholytes phase‐separate from aqueous solution to form coacervate droplets, depending on HEA content, pH, ionic strength, and temperature. These coacervate droplets could be covalently crosslinked and the resulting hydrogel particles were found to swell with increasing ionic strength. Such soluble and microgel polyampholytes open opportunities for new multistimuli responsive biomaterials. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 2109–2118
The Effect of Reflexology Applied to Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease on Dyspnea and Fatigue
Authors: Polat Hatice , Ergüney Seher 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of reflexology on reducing dyspnea and fatigue in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Design/Methods:
The study was conducted as a pretest–posttest experimental design. The population of the study consisted of 60 patients (30 in experimental group and 30 in control group). Patient Description Form, Baseline Dyspnea Index (BDI) and Visual Analogue Scale–Fatigue (VAS-F) were used to collect the data.

Results:
The difference between pretest–posttest dyspnea and fatigue mean scores of patients in the experimental group was statistically significant (p < .01). The difference between pretest–posttest dyspnea and fatigue mean scores of patients in the control group was statistically insignificant (p > .05).

Conclusion:
It was determined that the reflexology reduced dyspnea and fatigue in patients with COPD.

Clinical Relevance:
Complementary methods such as reflexology should be used with pharmacological methods to reduce dyspnea and fatigue of COPD patients.
On the Origin of Room–temperature, Au+‐mediated Coupling of a Methylene Ligand with H2. Implications for the Mechanism of Methane Dehydrogenation.
Authors: Li Jilai , Zhou Shaodong , Schlangen Maria , Weiske Thomas , Schwarz Helmut 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAccording to state‐of‐the‐art computations, in conjunction with mass‐spectrometric experiments, both the Au+‐mediated, thermal coupling of a methylene ligand with molecular hydrogen as well as the activation of methane by atomic Au+ proceed through well‐defined intermediates. The crucial transition state in the [Au(CH2)]+/H2 ⇌ [Au(CH4)]+ conversion is, in many ways, reminiscent of the isolobal, thoroughly studied [CH3]+/H2 ⇌ [CH5]+ system. The previously suggested direct mechanism, according to which the Lewis acidity of Au+ alone accounts for the unusual behavior of the Au+/CH4 couple, has been modified.
Acute Interstitial Nephritis Following Snake Envenomation: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Priyamvada P.S. , Shankar Vijay , Srinivas B.H. , Rajesh N.G. , Parameswaran Sreejith 
Published: March 2016

Objectives To identify the clinical and histopathological characteristics of patients who develop acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) following snake envenomation. Methods A retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with snake envenomation-induced AIN from October 2013 to November 2014. Results After snake envenomation, 88 patients developed acute kidney injury (AKI). Biopsies were performed on 7 patients due to nonrecovery of kidney function. Among these, 5 patients had AIN. Thus, AIN accounted for 5.7% of snakebite-related acute kidney injury. All patients had severe envenomation at presentation and had prolonged renal failure. Kidney biopsy found a mixed infiltrate composed of predominantly lymphocytes, with variable proportions of other cells including eosinophils neutrophils and plasma cells. The response rate to corticosteroids was 80%. Conclusions AIN after snake bite is not uncommon. AIN needs to be considered in patients with persistent renal failure after snake envenomation. Identifying this complication is of utmost importance because of the potentially reversible nature.
LEBESGUE DENSITY AND CLASSES
Authors: KHAN MUSHFEQ 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAnalyzing the effective content of the Lebesgue density theorem played a crucial role in some recent developments in algorithmic randomness, namely, the solutions of the ML-covering and ML-cupping problems. Two new classes of reals emerged from this inquiry: thepositive density pointswith respect toeffectively closed(or$\prod _1^0$) sets of reals, and a proper subclass, thedensity-one points. Bienvenu, Hölzl, Miller, and Nies have shown that the Martin-Löf random positive density points are exactly the ones that do not compute the halting problem. Treating this theorem as our starting point, we present several new results that shed light on how density, randomness, and computational strength interact.
Being lonely later in life: a qualitative study among Albanians and Moroccans in Italy
Authors: CELA ERALBA , FOKKEMA TINEKE 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThis study focuses on the social wellbeing of older migrants in Italy, an important yet neglected topic in the Italian political and scholarly debate. Knowledge about the lived experience of loneliness and its perceived causes was gathered by means of 34 in-depth interviews with Albanian and Moroccan migrants aged 50 and above living in the Marche region. Our findings show that the participants are surrounded by family and are largely satisfied with the contact they have with relatives; this protects them from social isolation but not from loneliness. Although they rarely express this to their spouse and friends (men) or their children (men and women), feelings of loneliness are widely experienced among the participants. The root of their loneliness largely relates to a lack of meaningful relationships with non-related age peers – having a chat, remembering old times, socialising with others when family members are busy, talking about intimate matters they cannot or will not share with relatives – which supports the argument of loneliness scholars that different types of relationships serve different functions and fulfil different needs. Having more contact with people outside the family circle, especially with co-ethnic peers, could reduce these feelings of loneliness substantially, but factors such as discrimination and lack of Italian language proficiency, free time, financial resources and nearby contact facilities are hindrances. These factors offer clues for public loneliness interventions.
LOOKING BACK ON 5 YEARS OF HORIZON SCANNING IN ONCOLOGY
Authors: Nachtnebel Anna , Breuer Johanna , Willenbacher Wolfgang , Bucsics Anna , Krippl Peter , Wild Claudia 
Published: March 2016

Objectives: The regularly structured adaptation of health technology assessment (HTA) programs is of utmost importance to sustain the relevance of the products for stakeholders and to justify investment of scarce financial resources. This study describes internal adjustments and external measures taken to ensure the Horizon Scanning Programme in Oncology (HSO) is current.Methods: Formal evaluation methods comprising a survey, a download, an environmental analysis, and a Web site questionnaire were used to evaluate user satisfaction.Results: The evaluation showed that users were satisfied with HSO outputs in terms of timeliness, topics selected, and depth of information provided. Discussion of these findings with an expert panel led to changes such as an improved dissemination strategy and the introduction of an additional output, that is, the publication of a league table of emerging oncology drugs. The rather high level of international usage and the environmental analysis highlighted a considerable overlap in topics assessed and, thus, the potential for international collaboration. As a consequence, thirteen reports were jointly published based on eleven “calls for collaboration.” To further facilitate collaboration and the usability of reports for other agencies, HSO reports will be adjusted according to tools developed at a European level.Conclusions: Evaluation of the impact of HTA programs allows the tailoring of outputs to fit the needs of the target population. However, within a fast developing HTA community, estimates of impact will increasingly be determined by international collaborative efforts. Refined methods and a broader definition of impact are needed to ultimately capture the efficiency of national HTA programs.
Humanity and Social Responsibility, Solidarity, and Social Rights
Authors: AHOLA-LAUNONEN JOHANNA 
Published: March 2016

Abstract:This article discusses the suggestion of having the notion of solidarity as the foundational value for welfare scheme reforms. Solidarity is an emerging concept in bioethical deliberations emphasizing the need for value-oriented discussion in revising healthcare structures, and the notion has been contrasted with liberal justice and rights. I suggest that this contrast is unnecessary, flawed, and potentially counterproductive. As necessary as the sense of solidarity is in a society, it is an insufficient concept to secure the goals related to social responsibility. The discussion on solidarity is also based on a questionable sense of nostalgia. Furthermore, solidarity and liberal justice share essential objectives concerning welfare schemes; therefore, the question arises whether the proper comparison should in the first place be within justice and solidarity.
The Person in a State of Sickness
Authors: ÁRNASON VILHJÁLMUR , HJÖRLEIFSSON STEFÁN 
Published: March 2016

Abstract:In this article, we discuss the ideas of Eric J. Cassell about the patient-professional relationship. We argue that his approach combines in an interesting way features from the literature on patient autonomy and paternalistic practices. We suggest that these seemingly paternalistic features of practicing medicine, which are widely either ignored or condemned in bioethical discussion, are of vital significance in medical practice. In the first sections of the article, we describe the main features of Cassell’s understanding of the sick person and his version of personalized medicine. We pay particular attention to his notion of information control and compare his ideas about conversation with patients to Hans-Georg Gadamer’s analysis of patient-professional dialogue. In the latter part of the article, we explore through a couple of examples the implications these ideas have for medical practice.
Turning the Tables
Authors: WRIGHT KAREN , SCHROEDER DORIS 
Published: March 2016

Abstract:In bioethics, the concept of vulnerability is applied almost exclusively to research participants and patients. We turn the tables and apply the concept to nurses caring for anorexia nervosa (AN) sufferers. In doing so, and using results from a qualitative research study undertaken in the UK, we show that AN nurses face a significant probability of incurring identifiable harms (inauthentic relationships and nonreciprocal relationships). Some recommendations on how these harms can be avoided or mitigated are given, but further research is needed.
Discoursive Humanity as a Transcendental Basis for Cognitive (Dis)Ability Ethics and Policies
Authors: HÄYRY MATTI 
Published: March 2016

Abstract:This article explicates two approaches to the basis of moral worth and status: Eva Kittay’s relational view and Jeff McMahan’s psychological personhood view. It is argued that these theories alone do not provide adequate support for the conclusions Kittay and McMahan want to draw concerning individuals whose entitlement to fundamental protections can be challenged—infants with severe cognitive disabilities and infants without the support of their families and social environments. The real justification can in each case be found in deeply held convictions regarding entities that must and entities that must not be included in the core community of moral equals. Philosophical discussions about these convictions would be more useful for the advancement of our moral thinking than vain attempts to show that the absolute truth lies on either side of the ongoing debate.
Organ Transplantation for Individuals with Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Authors: OVERBY KIM J. , FINS JOSEPH J. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract:In 1996, Sandra Jensen became the first person with Down syndrome to receive a heart-lung transplant. Although it took place almost 20 years ago, her experience continues to shed light on contemporary challenges that individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders face in securing access to transplantation. While overt discrimination has decreased, barriers persist in physician referrals, center-specific decisionmaking regarding wait-listing, and the provision of accommodations for optimizing the assessment and medical management of these individuals. These issues arise from the persistent biases and assumptions of individuals as well as those of a healthcare system that is inadequately positioned to optimally serve the medical needs of the growing number of individuals with functional impairments. More data and greater transparency are needed to understand the nature and extent of ongoing access problems; however, long-term solutions will require changes at the healthcare professional, regional transplant center, and national levels.
Associations between frequency of food shopping at different store types and diet and weight outcomes: findings from the NEWPATH study
Authors: Minaker Leia M , Olstad Dana L , Thompson Mary E , Raine Kim D , Fisher Pat , Frank Lawrence D 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to: (i) examine associations between food store patronage and diet and weight-related outcomes; and (ii) explore consumer motivations for visiting different types of food store.DesignA stratified probability sample of residents completed household and individual-level surveys in 2009/2010 on food purchasing patterns and motivations, dietary intake, waist circumference (WC), weight and height. Diet quality was calculated using the Healthy Eating Index for Canada from a subset of participants (n 1362). Generalized estimating equations were created in 2015 to examine how frequency of patronizing different types of food store was associated with diet quality, intake of fruits and vegetable, mean intake of energy (kcal) sodium and saturated fat, WC and BMI.SettingThree mid-sized urban municipalities in Ontario, Canada.SubjectsA representative sample of residents (n 4574).ResultsParticipants who shopped frequently at food co-ops had significantly better diet quality (β=5·3; 99 % CI 0·3, 10·2) than those who did not. BMI and WC were significantly lower among those who frequently shopped at specialty shops (BMI, β=−2·1; 99 % CI −3·0, −1·1; WC, β=−4·8; 99 % CI −7·0, −2·5) and farmers’ markets (BMI, β=−1·4; 99 % CI −2·3, −0·5; WC, β=−3·8; 99 % CI −6·0, −1·6) compared with those who did not. Relative importance of reasons for food outlet selection differed by large (price, food quality) v. small (proximity, convenient hours) shopping trip and by outlet type.ConclusionsFindings contribute to our understanding of food store selection and have implications for potentially relevant retail food intervention settings.
Bcl-2 is a critical mediator of intestinal transformation
Authors: van der Heijden Maartje , Zimberlin Cheryl D. , Nicholson Anna M. , Colak Selcuk , Kemp Richard , Meijer Sybren L. , Medema Jan Paul , Greten Florian R. , Jansen Marnix , Winton Douglas J. , Vermeulen Louis 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIntestinal tumour formation is generally thought to occur following mutational events in the stem cell pool. However, active NF-κB signalling additionally facilitates malignant transformation of differentiated cells. We hypothesized that genes shared between NF-κB and intestinal stem cell (ISCs) signatures might identify common pathways that are required for malignant growth. Here, we find that the NF-κB target Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic gene, is specifically expressed in ISCs in both mice and humans. Bcl-2 is dispensable in homeostasis and, although involved in protecting ISCs from radiation-induced damage, it is non-essential in tissue regeneration. Bcl-2 is upregulated in adenomas, and its loss or inhibition impairs outgrowth of oncogenic clones, because Bcl-2 alleviates apoptotic priming in epithelial cells following Apc loss. Furthermore, Bcl-2 expression in differentiated epithelial cells renders these cells amenable to clonogenic outgrowth. Collectively, our results indicate that Bcl-2 is required for efficient intestinal transformation following Apc-loss and constitutes a potential chemoprevention target.
MICU1 regulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake dictates survival and tissue regeneration
Authors: Antony Anil Noronha , Paillard Melanie , Moffat Cynthia , Juskeviciute Egle , Correnti Jason , Bolon Brad , Rubin Emanuel , Csordás György , Seifert Erin L. , Hoek Jan B. , Hajnóczky György 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMitochondrial Ca2+ uptake through the recently discovered Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter (MCU) is controlled by its gatekeeper Mitochondrial Calcium Uptake 1 (MICU1). However, the physiological and pathological role of MICU1 remains unclear. Here we show that MICU1 is vital for adaptation to postnatal life and for tissue repair after injury. MICU1 knockout is perinatally lethal in mice without causing gross anatomical defects. We used liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy as a physiological stress response model. Upon MICU1 loss, early priming is unaffected, but the pro-inflammatory phase does not resolve and liver regeneration fails, with impaired cell cycle entry and extensive necrosis. Ca2+ overload-induced mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) opening is accelerated in MICU1-deficient hepatocytes. PTP inhibition prevents necrosis and rescues regeneration. Thus, our study identifies an unanticipated dependence of liver regeneration on MICU1 and highlights the importance of regulating MCU under stress conditions when the risk of Ca2+ overload is elevated.