bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tout change parce que rien ne change ? Politiques sociales et cycles de transformation économique et institutionnelle au Chili
Authors: Barozet Emmanuelle , Espinoza Vicente 
Published: March 2017

Dans cet article, nous analysons les politiques sociales chiliennes au cours des trente dernières années, en particulier les options prises par les différents gouvernements, ainsi que le rejet qu’elles ont généré dans la dernière décennie. Sur la base d’une croissance économique soutenue, les politiques sociales mises en place ont permis de faire baisser de manière très importante le taux de pauvreté et d’améliorer les conditions de vie de la population, sans cependant remettre en cause les inégalités de revenus. La question centrale que nous abordons est comment un modèle qui assure une croissance économique soutenue et permet l’amélioration des conditions de vie de la population génère-t-il un rejet profond de la part d’une grande partie de la population ? La combinaison entre des politiques de croissance et sociales « pro-pauvres » et de ciblage sur les plus démunis, malgré ses succès, ne permet cependant pas de corriger les effets les plus ségrégatifs du système, en particulier dans le domaine de l’éducation, de la santé et des retraites. Nous montrons comment les limites de ce modèle, combiné avec une promesse non tenue d’égalité des chances, ouvre la voie depuis les années 2000 à un profond débat sur l’avenir du modèle économique et social. La partie finale de l’article aborde les dilemmes du gouvernement Bachelet dans le cadre des réformes sociales en cours et d’un profond ralentissement économique.
Référendum pour la paix en Colombie
Authors: Rodríguez Cuadros José Darío 
Published: March 2017

Comment interpréter le résultat du référendum pour la paix en Colombie ? Quelles raisons peuvent expliquer la victoire du « Non » ? Quelle est l’importance, dans ce contexte, du prix Nobel de la Paix attribué au Président colombien Juan Manuel Santos ? Et, quelles possibilités subsistent pour obtenir un nouvel Accord qui mette fin aux cinq décennies de guerre avec les Farc ? Cet article tente de donner réponse à ces questions, à partir d’une analyse politique de ce nouveau contexte, marqué par l’incertitude, la polarisation de la société et la tension politique.
Assessing Nurses' Knowledge of Spiritual Care Practices Before and After an Educational Workshop
Authors: Murray Reinette P. , Dunn Karen S. 
Published: March 2017

Background:
Although current research findings reflect that spiritual care is integral to the discipline of nursing, implementation of spiritual care still remains a neglected area of practice.

Method:
The purpose of this pretest–posttest study was to determine whether a spiritual care educational workshop would increase nurses' knowledge, self-awareness, and abilities regarding spiritual care practices. The Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale (SSCRS) was used to measure the nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about spirituality and spiritual care practices.

Results:
Forty-nine nurses working at a satellite hospital within the midwestern United States attended the educational workshop. A statistically significant increase in nurses' knowledge, self-awareness, and abilities regarding spiritual care practices was observed after the educational workshop. The majority of nurses reported that their nursing education inadequately prepared them to provide spiritual care to their patients, and they were unable to meet the spiritual needs of their patients.

Conclusion:
Findings support the need for continued education regarding spiritual care practices among working nurses.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2017;48(3):115–122.
Enhancing Transition to Practice Using a Valid and Reliable Evaluation Tool: Progressive Orientation Level Evaluation (POLE) Tool
Authors: Acuna Gail K. , Yoder Lina H. , Madrigal-Gonzalez Lizely , Yoder-Wise Patricia S. 
Published: March 2017

Background:
Numerous evaluation tools are used to verify nursing competencies, job satisfaction, and leadership qualities separately. One comprehensive tool, the Progressive Orientation Level Evaluation (POLE) tool, measures the increasing complexity of competencies from novice through competent levels. The tool also measures employee satisfaction and engagement to identify potential challenges, stressors, or barriers to transition prior to completion of the post-hiring orientation (on-boarding) process.

Method:
A prospective cohort design was used to determine reliability of the POLE tool examining new graduate nurses' (NGNs) learning needs using objectives to individualize the length of training as needed. Cronbach's alpha was used to determine internal consistency.

Results:
The reliability of the instrument was established showing high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = .90 to .99).

Conclusion:
Using a valid and reliable tool provides NGNs and organizations with a way to evaluate the success of stated goals and outcomes from a residency program in a standardized and consistent manner.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2017;48(3):123–128.
Increased QT Interval Variability in 3 Recently Concussed Athletes: An Exploratory Observation
Authors: La Fountaine Michael F. , Gossett James D. , De Meersman Ronald E. , Bauman William A. 
Published: March 2017

Context: The QT interval variability index (QTVI) is a noninvasive measure of beat-to-beat fluctuations of the QT interval as seen from a single electrocardiographic lead. It represents the relationship between the respective variabilities of the QT and R-R intervals. Recently, the QTVI was demonstrated to be an index of vagal cardiac autonomic modulation in resting conditions.
Objective: To determine whether QTVI varied in athletes at 48 hours, 1 week, and 2 weeks after a concussive head injury.
Design: Case series.
Setting: Testing facility.
Patients or Other Participants: Three athletes with recent concussions and 3 uninjured athletes with similar demographic factors.
Main Outcome Measure(s): Continuous 3-lead electrocardiograms were obtained in a seated, resting position over 2 successive weeks. Separate, unpaired t tests were performed to determine whether group-visit differences were present in the QTVI at 48 hours, 1 week, or 2 weeks.
Results: No demographic differences were present between groups. At 48 hours, the QTVI was greater in the concussion group than in the matched controls. At weeks 1 and 2, the QTVI in the concussion group was lower than at 48 hours and not different from that of the control group.
Conclusions: Vagal cardiac autonomic modulation, as quantified by the QTVI, appeared to be negatively affected in concussed athletes within 48 hours of injury, resolved within 1 week, and remained at control group levels 2 weeks later. Serial assessments of QTVI may be of clinical utility in identifying suspected cases of acute concussion and may provide helpful information for determining when an athlete can return to play safely.
Persistent Motor System Abnormalities in Formerly Concussed Athletes
Authors: De Beaumont Louis , Mongeon David , Tremblay Sébastien , Messier Julie , Prince François , Leclerc Suzanne , Lassonde Maryse , Théoret Hugo 
Published: March 2017

Context: The known detrimental effects of sport concussions on motor system function include balance problems, slowed motor execution, and abnormal motor cortex excitability.
Objective: To assess whether these concussion-related alterations of motor system function are still evident in collegiate football players who sustained concussions but returned to competition more than 9 months before testing.
Design: Case-control study.
Setting: University laboratory.
Patients or Other Participants: A group of 21 active, university-level football players who had experienced concussions was compared with 15 university football players who had not sustained concussions.
Intervention(s): A force platform was used to assess center-of-pressure (COP) displacement and COP oscillation regularity (approximate entropy) as measures of postural stability in the upright position. A rapid alternating-movement task was also used to assess motor execution speed. Transcranial magnetic stimulation over the motor cortex was used to measure long-interval intracortical inhibition and the cortical silent period, presumably reflecting γ-aminobutyric acid subtype B receptor-mediated intracortical inhibition.
Main Outcome Measure(s): COP displacement and oscillation regularity, motor execution speed, long-interval intracortical inhibition, cortical silent period.
Results: Relative to controls, previously concussed athletes showed persistently lower COP oscillation randomness, normal performance on a rapid alternating-movement task, and more M1 intracortical inhibition that was related to the number of previous concussions.
Conclusions: Sport concussions were associated with pervasive changes in postural control and more M1 intracortical inhibition, providing neurophysiologic and behavioral evidence of lasting, subclinical changes in motor system integrity in concussed athletes.
A Profile of Glenohumeral Internal and External Rotation Motion in the Uninjured High School Baseball Pitcher, Part II: Strength
Authors: Hurd Wendy J. , Kaplan Kevin M. , ElAttrache Neal S. , Jobe Frank W. , Morrey Bernard F. , Kaufman Kenton R. 
Published: March 2017

Context: A database describing the range of normal rotator cuff strength values in uninjured high school pitchers has not been established. Chronologic factors that contribute to adaptations in strength also have not been established.
Objectives: To establish a normative profile of rotator cuff strength in uninjured high school baseball pitchers and to determine whether bilateral differences in rotator cuff strength are normal findings in this age group.
Design: Cohort study.
Setting: Baseball playing field.
Patients or Other Participants: A total of 165 uninjured male high school baseball pitchers (age = 16 ± 1 years, height = 1.8 ± 0.1 m, mass = 76.8 ± 10.1 kg, pitching experience = 7 ± 2 years).
Main Outcome Measure(s): Isometric rotator cuff strength was measured bilaterally with a handheld dynamometer. We calculated side-to-side differences in strength (external rotation [ER], internal rotation [IR], and the ratio of ER:IR at 90° of abduction), differences in strength by age, and the influence of chronologic factors (participant age, years of pitching experience) on limb strength.
Results: Side-to-side differences in strength were found for ER, IR, and ER:IR ratio at 90° of abduction. Age at the time of testing was a significant but weak predictor of both ER strength (R2 = 0.032, P = .02) and the ER:IR ratio (R2 = 0.051, P = .004) at 90° of abduction.
Conclusions: We established a normative profile of rotator cuff strength for the uninjured high school baseball pitcher that might be used to assist clinicians and researchers in the interpretation of muscle strength performance in this population. These data further suggested that dominant-limb adaptations in rotator cuff strength are a normal finding in this age group and did not demonstrate that these adaptations were a consequence of the age at the time of testing or the number of years of pitching experience.
Shoulder External Rotation Fatigue and Scapular Muscle Activation and Kinematics in Overhead Athletes
Authors: Joshi Mithun , Thigpen Charles A. , Bunn Kevin , Karas Spero G. , Padua Darin A. 
Published: March 2017

Context: Glenohumeral external rotation (GH ER) muscle fatigue might contribute to shoulder injuries in overhead athletes. Few researchers have examined the effect of such fatigue on scapular kinematics and muscle activation during a functional movement pattern.Objective: To examine the effects of GH ER muscle fatigue on upper trapezius, lower trapezius, serratus anterior, and infraspinatus muscle activation and to examine scapular kinematics during a diagonal movement task in overhead athletes.Setting: Human performance research laboratory.Design: Descriptive laboratory study.Patients or Other Participants: Our study included 25 overhead athletes (15 men, 10 women; age = 20 ± 2 years, height = 180 ± 11 cm, mass = 80 ± 11 kg) without a history of shoulder pain on the dominant side.Intervention(s): We tested the healthy, dominant shoulder through a diagonal movement task before and after a fatiguing exercise involving low-resistance, high-repetition, prone GH ER from 0° to 75° with the shoulder in 90° of abduction.Main Outcome Measure(s): Surface electromyography was used to measure muscle activity for the upper trapezius, lower trapezius, serratus anterior, and infraspinatus. An electromyographic motion analysis system was used to assess 3-dimensional scapular kinematics. Repeated-measures analyses of variance (phase × condition) were used to test for differences.Results: We found a decrease in ascending-phase and descending-phase lower trapezius activity (F1,25 = 5.098, P = .03) and an increase in descending-phase infraspinatus activity (F1,25 = 5.534, P = .03) after the fatigue protocol. We also found an increase in scapular upward rotation (F1,24 = 3.7, P = .04) postfatigue.Conclusions: The GH ER muscle fatigue protocol used in this study caused decreased lower trapezius and increased infraspinatus activation concurrent with increased scapular upward rotation range of motion during the functional task. This highlights the interdependence of scapular and glenohumeral force couples. Fatigue-induced alterations in the lower trapezius might predispose the infraspinatus to injury through chronically increased activation.
Structure, Sex, and Strength and Knee and Hip Kinematics During Landing
Authors: Howard Jennifer S. , Fazio Melisa A. , Mattacola Carl G. , Uhl Timothy L. , Jacobs Cale A. 
Published: March 2017

Context: Researchers have observed that medial knee collapse is a mechanism of knee injury. Lower extremity alignment, sex, and strength have been cited as contributing to landing mechanics.Objective: To determine the relationship among measurements of asymmetry of unilateral hip rotation (AUHR); mobility of the foot, which we described as relative arch deformity (RAD); hip abduction–external rotation strength; sex; and me-dial collapse of the knee during a single-leg jump landing. We hypothesized that AUHR and RAD would be positively correlated with movements often associated with medial collapse of the knee, including hip adduction and internal rotation excursions and knee abduction and rotation excursions.Design: Descriptive laboratory study.Setting: Research laboratory.Patients or Other Participants: Thirty women and 15 men (age = 21 ± 2 years, height = 171.7 ± 9.5 cm, mass = 68.4 ± 9.5 kg) who had no history of surgery or recent injury and who participated in regular physical activity volunteered.Intervention(s): Participants performed 3 double-leg forward jumps with a single-leg landing. Three-dimensional kinematic data were sampled at 100 Hz using an electromagnetic tracking system. We evaluated AUHR and RAD on the preferred leg and evaluated isometric peak hip abductor–external rotation torque. We assessed AUHR by calculating the difference between internal and external hip rotation in the prone position (AUHR = internal rotation – external rotation). We evaluated RAD using the Arch Height Index Measurement System. Correlations and linear regression analyses were used to assess relationships among AUHR, RAD, sex, peak hip abduction–external rotation torque, and kinematic variables for 3-dimensional motion of the hip and knee.Main Outcome Measure(s): The dependent variables were joint angles at contact and joint excursions between contact and peak knee flexion.Results: We found that AUHR was correlated with hip adduction excursion (R = 0.36, P = .02). Asymmetry of unilateral hip rotation, sex, and peak hip abduction–external rotation torque were predictive of knee abduction excursion (adjusted R2 = 0.47, P &lt; .001). Asymmetry of unilateral hip rotation and sex were predictive of knee external rotation excursion (adjusted R2 = 0.23, P = .001). The RAD was correlated with hip adduction at contact (R2 = 0.10, R = 0.32, P = .04) and knee flexion excursion (R2 = 0.11, R = −0.34, P = .03).Conclusions: Asymmetry of unilateral hip rotation, sex, and hip strength were associated with kinematic components of medial knee collapse.
Comparison of Recovery Strategies on Maximal Force-Generating Capacity and Electromyographic Activity Level of the Knee Extensor Muscles
Authors: Zarrouk Nidhal , Rebai Haithem , Yahia Abdelmoneem , Souissi Nizar , Hug François , Dogui Mohamed 
Published: March 2017

Context: With regard to intermittent training exercise, the effects of the mode of recovery on subsequent performance are equivocal.
Objective: To compare the effects of 3 types of recovery intervention on peak torque (PT) and electromyographic (EMG) activity of the knee extensor muscles after fatiguing isokinetic intermittent concentric exercise.
Design: Crossover study.
Setting: Research laboratory.
Patients or Other Participants: Eight elite judo players (age = 18.4 ± 1.4 years, height = 180 ± 3 cm, mass = 77.0 ± 4.2 kg).
Intervention(s): Participants completed 3 randomized sessions within 7 days. Each session consisted of 5 sets of 10 concentric knee extensions at 80% PT at 120°/s, with 3 minutes of recovery between sets. Recovery interventions were passive, active, and electromyostimulation. The PT and maximal EMG activity were recorded simultaneously while participants performed isokinetic dynamometer trials before and 3 minutes after the resistance exercise.
Main Outcome Measure(s): The PT and maximal EMG activity from the knee extensors were quantified at isokinetic velocities of 60°/s, 120°/s, and 180°/s, with 5 repetitions at each velocity.
Results: The reduction in PT observed after electromyo-stimulation was less than that seen after passive (P &lt; .001) or active recovery (P &lt; .001). The reduction in PT was less after passive recovery than after active recovery (P &lt; .001). The maximal EMG activity level observed after electromyostimulation was higher than that seen after active recovery (P &lt; .05).
Conclusions: Electromyostimulation was an effective recovery tool in decreasing neuromuscular fatigue after high-intensity, intermittent isokinetic concentric exercise for the knee extensor muscles. Also, active recovery induced the greatest amount of neuromuscular fatigue.
Comparison of Abdominal Muscle Activity During a Single-Legged Hold in the Hook-Lying Position on the Floor and on a Round Foam Roll
Authors: Kim Su-Jung , Kwon Oh-Yun , Yi Chung-Hwi , Jeon Hye-Seon , Oh Jae-Seop , Cynn Heon-Seock , Weon Jong-Hyuck 
Published: March 2017

Context: To improve trunk stability or trunk muscle strength, many athletic trainers and physiotherapists use various types of unstable equipment for training. The round foam roll is one of those unstable pieces of equipment and may be useful for improving trunk stability.
Objective: To assess the effect of the supporting surface (floor versus round foam roll) on the activity of abdominal muscles during a single-legged hold exercise performed in the hook-lying position on the floor and on a round foam roll.
Design: Crossover study.
Setting: University research laboratory.
Patients or Other Participants: Nineteen healthy volunteers (11 men, 8 women) from a university population.
Intervention(s): The participants were instructed to perform a single-legged hold exercise while in the hook-lying position on the floor (stable surface) and on a round foam roll (unstable surface).
Main Outcome Measure(s): Surface electromyography (EMG) signals were recorded from the bilateral rectus abdominis, internal oblique, and external oblique muscles. Dependent variables were examined with a paired t test.
Results: The EMG activities in all abdominal muscles were greater during the single-legged hold exercise performed on the round foam roll than on the stable surface.
Conclusions: The single-legged hold exercise in the hook-lying position on an unstable supporting surface induced greater abdominal muscle EMG amplitude than the same exercise performed on a stable supporting surface. These results suggest that performing the single-legged hold exercise while in the hook-lying position on a round foam roll is useful for activating the abdominal muscles.
Prevalence of Eating Disorder Risk and Body Image Distortion Among National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Varsity Equestrian Athletes
Authors: Torres-McGehee Toni M. , Monsma Eva V. , Gay Jennifer L. , Minton Dawn M. , Mady-Foster Ashley N. 
Published: March 2017

Context: Participation in appearance-based sports, particularly at the collegiate level, may place additional pressures on female athletes to be thin, which may increase the likelihood of their resorting to drastic weight control measures, such as disordered eating behaviors.
Objectives: (1) To estimate the prevalence and sources of eating disorder risk classification by academic status (freshman, sophomore, junior, or senior) and riding discipline (English and Western), (2) to examine riding style and academic status variations in body mass index (BMI) and silhouette type, and (3) to examine these variations across eating disorder risk classification type (eg, body image disturbances).
Design: Cross-sectional study.
Setting: Seven universities throughout the United States.
Patients or Other Participants: A total of 138 participants volunteered (mean age = 19.88 ± 1.29 years). They represented 2 equestrian disciplines: English riding (n = 91) and Western riding (n = 47).
Main Outcome Measure(s): Participants self-reported menstrual cycle history, height, and weight. We screened for eating disorder risk behaviors with the Eating Attitudes Test and for body disturbance with sex-specific BMI silhouettes.
Results: Based on the Eating Attitudes Test, estimated eating disorder prevalence was 42.0% in the total sample, 38.5% among English riders, and 48.9% among Western riders. No BMI or silhouette differences were found across academic status or discipline in disordered eating risk. Overall, participants perceived their body images as significantly larger than their actual physical sizes (self-reported BMI) and wanted to be significantly smaller in both normal clothing and competitive uniforms.
Conclusions: Disordered eating risk prevalence among equestrian athletes was similar to that reported in other aesthetic sports and lower than that in nonaesthetic sports. Athletic trainers working with these athletes should be sensitive to these risks and refer athletes as needed to clinicians knowledgeable about disordered eating. Professionals working with this population should avoid making negative comments about physical size and appearance.