bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomised controlled trial of a web-based programme in sustaining best practice alcohol management practices at community sports clubs: a study protocol
Authors: McFadyen Tameka , Wolfenden Luke , Kingsland Melanie , Tindall Jennifer , Rowland Bosco , Sherker Shauna , Gillham Karen , Heaton Rachael , Clinton-McHarg Tara , Lecathelinais Christophe , Brooke Daisy , Wiggers John 
Published: January 2018

IntroductionCommunity-based interventions have been found to effectively increase the implementation of alcohol management practices and reduce excessive alcohol use and alcohol-related harm at sports clubs. However, once implementation support ceases there may be a reduction in such intervention effects. Thus, ongoing contribution to improving the health of the community is diminished; sustaining practice implementation is a key determinant to address this. One possible solution to the strategic and logistical challenges of sustainability involves the use of the web. The primary aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of a web-based programme in sustaining the implementation of alcohol management practices by community football clubs. The secondary aim is to assess the effectiveness of the programme in preventing excessive alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harm among members of community football clubs.Methods and analysisThe study will employ a repeat randomised controlled trial design and be conducted in regional and metropolitan areas within two states of Australia. Community level football clubs who are currently accredited with an existing alcohol management programme (‘Good Sports’) and implementing at least 10 of the 13 core alcohol management practices (eg, not serving alcohol to <18-year-olds) required by the programme will be recruited and randomised to either a web-based sustainability programme or a ‘minimal contact’ programme. The primary outcome measures are the proportion of football clubs implementing ≥10 of the 13 required alcohol management practices and the mean number of those practices being implemented at 3-year follow-up. Secondary outcomes include: the proportion of club members who report risky drinking at their club, the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) score and mean AUDIT score of club members. Outcome data will be collected via observation at the club during a 1-day visit to a home game, conducted by trained research assistants at baseline and follow-up.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by The University of Newcastle Human Research Ethics Committee (reference: H-2013-0429). Study findings will be disseminated widely through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.Trial registration numberACTRN12614000746639; Pre-results.
Validation of intellectual disability coding through hospital morbidity records using an intellectual disability population-based database in Western Australia
Authors: Bourke Jenny , Wong Kingsley , Leonard Helen 
Published: January 2018

ObjectivesTo investigate how well intellectual disability (ID) can be ascertained using hospital morbidity data compared with a population-based data source.Design, setting and participantsAll children born in 1983–2010 with a hospital admission in the Western Australian Hospital Morbidity Data System (HMDS) were linked with the Western Australian Intellectual Disability Exploring Answers (IDEA) database. The International Classification of Diseases hospital codes consistent with ID were also identified.Main outcome measuresThe characteristics of those children identified with ID through either or both sources were investigated.ResultsOf the 488 905 individuals in the study, 10 218 (2.1%) were identified with ID in either IDEA or HMDS with 1435 (14.0%) individuals identified in both databases, 8305 (81.3%) unique to the IDEA database and 478 (4.7%) unique to the HMDS dataset only. Of those unique to the HMDS dataset, about a quarter (n=124) had died before 1 year of age and most of these (75%) before 1 month. Children with ID who were also coded as such in the HMDS data were more likely to be aged under 1 year, female, non-Aboriginal and have a severe level of ID, compared with those not coded in the HMDS data. The sensitivity of using HMDS to identify ID was 14.7%, whereas the specificity was much higher at 99.9%.ConclusionHospital morbidity data are not a reliable source for identifying ID within a population, and epidemiological researchers need to take these findings into account in their study design.
Protocol for the systematic review of the reporting of transoral robotic surgery
Authors: Main Barry G , Blencowe Natalie S , Howes Noah , Cousins Sian , Avery Kerry N L , Gormley Alexander , Radford Phil , Elliott Daisy , Byrne Benjamin , Wilson Nicholas , Hinchliffe Robert , Blazeby Jane M 
Published: January 2018

IntroductionTransoral robotic surgery (TORS) has been adopted in some parts of the world as an innovative approach to the resection of oropharyngeal tumours. The development, details and outcomes of early-to-later phase evaluation of this technique and the quality of evidence to support its adoption into practice have hitherto not been summarised. The aim of this review is to identify and summarise the early and later phase studies of, and evidence for, TORS and to understand how early phase studies report intervention development, governance procedures and selection and reporting of outcomes to optimise methods for using the Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment, Long-term follow-up (IDEAL) framework for surgical innovation that informs evidence-based practice. The protocol has been written in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols checklist.Methods and analysisElectronic searches in OVID SP versions of Medline and EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from the start of indexing to 30 April 2017 will identify studies reporting TORS. At least two independent researchers will identify studies for inclusion. Two researchers will extract data from each paper. Studies will be categorised into IDEAL stages of study design from ‘pre-IDEAL’ to randomised controlled trials (stage 3). Data will be collected about the (1) novel intervention and criteria for modification, (2) governance arrangements and patient information provision, (3) outcome domains selected and reported and (4) quality of study design, conduct and reporting. Descriptive statistics and a narrative synthesis will be presented.Ethics and disseminationThe results of this systematic review will be presented at relevant conferences. The methods will be used to inform future reviews exploring other novel surgical innovations. The findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. This study does not require ethical approval.
Implementation of a colour-coded universal protocol safety initiative in Guatemala
Authors: Taicher Brad M , Tew Shannon , Figueroa Ligia , Hernandez Fausto , Ross Sherry S , Rice Henry E 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundUniversal protocol implementation can be challenging in low-income or middle-income countries, particularly when providers work together across language barriers. The aim of this quality improvement initiative was to test the implementation of a colour-coded universal protocol in a Guatemalan hospital staffed by US and Guatemalan providers.MethodsFrom 2013 to 2016, a US and Guatemalan team implemented a universal protocol at a Guatemalan surgical centre for children undergoing general surgical or urologic procedures. The protocol was a two-step patient identification and documentation checklist, with the first step of all chart element verification in the preoperative area, after which a blue hat was placed on the patient as a visual cue that this was completed. The second step included checklist confirmation in the operating room prior to the procedure. We tested protocol implementation over three phases, identifying implementation barriers and modifying clinical workflow after each phase. We measured the error rate in documentation or other universal protocol steps at each phase and made modifications based on iterative analysis.ResultsOver the course of programme implementation, we substantially decreased the rate of errors in documentation or other universal protocol elements. After the first phase, 30/51 patients (58.8%) had at least one error. By the third phase, only 2/43 patients (4.6%) had any errors. All errors were corrected prior to surgery with no adverse outcomes.ConclusionsCare teams of providers from different countries pose potential challenges with patient safety. Implementation of a colour-coded universal protocol in this setting can prevent and reduce errors that could potentially lead to patient harm.
Protecting the power grid, and finding bias in student evaluations
Authors: Arquilla John , Guzdial Mark 
Published: January 2018

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John Arquilla considers the growth of cyberattacks on infrastructure, while Mark Guzdial wonders how beginning computer science students can possibly evaluate their teachers fairly.
Low-Density Lipoprotein Uptake Inhibits the Activation and Antitumor Functions of Human Vγ9Vδ2 T Cells
Authors: Rodrigues Neidy V. , Correia Daniel V. , Mensurado Sofia , Nóbrega-Pereira Sandrina , deBarros Ana , Kyle-Cezar Fernanda , Tutt Andrew , Hayday Adrian C. , Norell Haakan , Silva-Santos Bruno , Dias Sérgio 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, the main subset of γδ T lymphocytes in human peripheral blood, are endowed with antitumor functions such as cytotoxicity and IFNγ production. These functions are triggered upon T-cell receptor–dependent activation by non-peptidic prenyl pyrophosphates (“phosphoantigens”) that are selective agonists of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, and which have been evaluated in clinical studies. Because phosphoantigens have shown interindividual variation in Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell activities, we asked whether metabolic resources, namely lipids such as cholesterol, could affect phosphoantigen-mediated Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell activation and function. We show here that Vγ9Vδ2 T cells express the LDL receptor upon activation and take up LDL cholesterol. Resulting changes, such as decreased mitochondrial mass and reduced ATP production, correlate with downregulation of Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell activation and functionality. In particular, the expression of IFNγ, NKG2D, and DNAM-1 were reduced upon LDL cholesterol treatment of phosphoantigen-expanded Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. As a result, their capacity to target breast cancer cells was compromised both in vitro and in an in vivo xenograft mouse model. Thus, this study describes the role of LDL cholesterol as an inhibitor of the antitumor functions of phosphoantigen-activated Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Our observations have implications for therapeutic applications dependent on Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(4); 448–57. ©2018 AACR.
Historicising the Left in the Middle East: On Agency, Archives and Anti-capitalism
Authors: Salem Sara 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis article is a review of Ilham Khuri-Makdisi’s bookThe Eastern Mediterranean and the Making of Global Capitalism, 1860–1914. I argue that this book is a valuable contribution to historiographies of the Left in the Middle East, a field that remains under-represented given the importance of labour to the nationalist movements as well as broader worker-activism in the region throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. I review the main debates of the book, and raise critical questions about aspects that could have been probed further, among them the questions of imperialism and race in contexts such as Egypt and Lebanon, and the relationship(s) between workers and the radical intellectuals discussed throughout the book.
In Sudan’s Eastern Borderland: Frontier Societies of the Qwara Region (ca. ad 600-1850)
Authors: González-Ruibal Alfredo , Falquina Álvaro 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe Sudanese-Ethiopian borderland has seen interaction between state and non-state peoples for at least two millennia. However, little is known about these interactions from an archaeological point of view. Our research project intends to cast light on this topic by looking at the lowlands ofnwEthiopia. Surveys conducted during three field seasons in the Metema and Qwara regions – in the Atbara-Dinder watershed – have allowed us to document different cultural traditions that are related to Sudan in medieval and post-medieval times. Here, we present the data and discuss the relevance of the findings to understand border dynamics from the mid-first millenniumadonwards.
Evaluation of Time Spent by Pharmacists and Nurses Based on the Location of Pharmacist Involvement in Medication History Collection
Authors: Chhabra Anmol , Quinn Andrea , Ries Amanda 
Published: January 2018

Background: Accurate history collection is integral to medication reconciliation. Studies support pharmacy involvement in the process, but assessment of global time spent is limited. The authors hypothesized the location of a medication-focused interview would impact time spent. Methods: The objective was to compare time spent by pharmacists and nurses based on the location of a medication-focused interview. Time spent by the interviewing pharmacist, admitting nurse, and centralized pharmacist verifying admission orders was collected. Patient groups were based on whether the interview was conducted in the emergency department (ED) or medical floor. The primary end point was a composite of the 3 time points. Secondary end points were individual time components and number and types of transcription discrepancies identified during medical floor interviews. Results: Pharmacists and nurses spent an average of ten fewer minutes per ED patient versus a medical floor patient ( P = .028). Secondary end points were not statistically significant. Transcription discrepancies were identified at a rate of 1 in 4 medications. Post hoc analysis revealed the time spent by pharmacists and nurses was 2.4 minutes shorter per medication when interviewed in the ED ( P < .001). Discussion: The primary outcome was statistically and clinically significant. Limitations included inability to blind and lack of cost-saving analysis. Conclusion: Pharmacist involvement in ED medication reconciliation leads to time savings during the admission process.
Case-Based Learning in Dermatology
Authors: Liu Annie , Zhou Linghong Linda , Lam Andrea , Dahlke Erin 
Published: January 2018

Importance: The instruction of dermatology can be challenging due to its large scope, heavy clinical nature, and limited curriculum space. Case-based learning (CBL) is an emerging education paradigm and has no current literature on its use in dermatology. Objectives: Assess CBL in undergraduate dermatology medical education. Methods: Case-based learning was implemented in the preclerkship dermatology curriculum at the University of Toronto to 3 student cohorts (totaling 710 students and 93 tutors) between May 2016 and April 2017. We analyzed assignment performance, pre- and post-CBL knowledge test scores, and experience surveys on students and tutors. Surveys were evaluated using aggregate descriptive statistics for quantitative data and thematic data analysis for qualitative data. All assessments were anonymous and voluntary. Results: We received strong positive feedback on the CBL experience, with no score less than 3.8 on a 5-point scale (where 5 indicated strongly agree with a positively phrased question). Thematic data analysis revealed several key themes, including positive comments for a specialist tutor, the use of visual media, and the “mini-cases” style of CBL, while challenges included a lack of motivation. Group assignments scored high, ranging from 88.9% to 99.3%. Tracked pre- and post-CBL knowledge test scores showed a 32% (from 42% to 74%) increase in scores after the CBL experience. Conclusion and Relevance: CBL in dermatology medical education was well received by students and tutors, with high scores in content evaluation and knowledge assessment. Future studies should examine optimal delivery methods and its long-term effects on knowledge retention.
Life-threatening autoimmune warm hemolytic anemia following treatment for multiple sclerosis with alemtuzumab
Authors: Meunier Benoit , Rico Audrey , Seguier Julie , Boutiere Clemence , Ebbo Mikael , Harle Jean Robert , Schleinitz Nicolas , Pelletier Jean 
Published: January 2018

Background: Alemtuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody directed at CD52 approved as a disease-modifying therapy for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: To describe a case of a life-threatening autoimmune anemia occurring after a first course of alemtuzumab for relapsing-remitting MS in a 28-year-old male. Methods: Case report. Results: A 28-year-old male developed a life-threatening autoimmune anemia occurring 11 months after first alemtuzumab course. Conclusion: We report the third case of autoimmune hemolytic anemia following treatment with alemtuzumab in a young MS patient. Due to the severity of this adverse event, neurologists using this treatment should be alert.
The Politics of Choice Reconsidered: Partisanship, Ideology, and Minority Politics in Washington's Charter School Initiative
Authors: Collingwood Loren , Jochim Ashley , Oskooii Kassra A. R. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCharter schools enjoy support among Republican and Democratic lawmakers in states and Congress, but little research has examined their support among the electorate. We take advantage of Washington's 2012 charter school ballot initiative—the first voter-approved charter initiative in the United States—to shed light on the politics of school choice at the mass level. Because in-depth, individual-level voter data are often unavailable in state-level elections, we leverage extensive precinct- and district-level data to examine patterns of support and opposition toward the charter school initiative, focusing on how partisanship, ideology, and demographic factors serve to unify or divide voters. Our analysis reveals that the coalition of supporters cut across usual partisan and demographic cleavages, producing somewhat strange bedfellows. This finding has important implications for the strategies advocacy groups may consider as they seek to expand or limit school choice programs via ballot initiatives as opposed to the statehouse, and provides suggestive evidence regarding the evolving shapers of voter support for school choice and ballot initiatives more generally.
CCR2 upregulation in DRG neurons plays a crucial role in gastric hyperalgesia associated with diabetic gastropathy
Authors: Aye-Mon Aye , Hori Kiyomi , Kozakai Yu , Nakagawa Tatsuki , Hiraga Shinichiro , Nakamura Tsuneo , Shiraishi Yoshitake , Okuda Hiroaki , Ozaki Noriyuki 
Published: January 2018

Background Diabetic gastropathy is a complex neuromuscular dysfunction of the stomach that commonly occurs in diabetes mellitus. Diabetic patients often present with upper gastrointestinal symptoms, such as epigastric discomfort or pain. The aim of this study was to assess gastric sensation in streptozocin-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) rats and to determine the contribution of C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) signaling to gastric hyperalgesia. Results DM rats showed signs of neuropathy (cutaneous mechanical hyperalgesia) from two weeks after streptozocin administration until the end of the experiment. Accelerated solid gastric emptying was observed at two weeks after streptozocin administration compared to the controls. Intense gastric hyperalgesia also developed in DM rats at two weeks after streptozocin administration, which was significantly reduced after intrathecal administration of the CCR2 antagonist INCB3344. Immunochemical analysis indicated that CCR2 expression was substantially upregulated in small and medium-sized dorsal root ganglia neurons of DM rats, although the protein level of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, the preferred ligand for CCR2, was not significantly different between the control and DM groups. Conclusions These data suggest that CCR2 activation in nociceptive dorsal root ganglia neurons plays a role in the pathogenesis of gastric hyperalgesia associated with diabetic gastropathy and that CCR2 antagonist may be a promising treatment for therapeutic intervention.
Secondary use of hospital information system data for safe bedside radiography in terms of patient factors
Authors: Sasaki Masashi , Uto Yumiko , Yoshida Takuma , Iwaanakuchi Takashi , Muranaga Fuminori , Saigo Yasumasa , Kumamoto Ichiro 
Published: January 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to use patient data gathered by a hospital information system (HIS) to improve the safe performance of bedside radiography. Method: Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to investigate the factors of hospitalised patients who had undergone radiography in the X-ray room or at the bedside. Logistic regression analysis was then performed to quantify patient factors and calculate the probability of undergoing general radiography or bedside radiography. Results: Patients were grouped into six clusters by hierarchical cluster analysis on the basis of their factors. We found a remarkable difference between clusters for the ratio of bedside radiography. Results indicated that “types of transportation” and “level of mobility” related to the ratio of bedside radiography. Logistic regression analysis of the associations between the probability of undergoing bedside radiography and patient factors indicated that type of transportation and level of mobility were highly correlated with bedside radiography or general radiography. Conclusion: Our results suggested that the secondary use of HIS data for the quantitative evaluation of patient factors and implementation of those quantitative values in medical records may be useful for the safe performance of bedside radiography as well as providing a method of decision support for doctors to order bedside radiography.