bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of feed deprivation on selected parameters of lipid mobilisation and hepatic function in healthy Akhal Teke horses
Authors: Tóth B. , Auth A. , Rompos L. , Bakos Z. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryBackgroundGastrointestinal and other systemic diseases of Equidae are often characterised by partial or complete inappetence. The catabolic processes may lead to lipid mobilisation and other metabolic disturbances. Evidence from earlier studies has revealed that during feed deprivation/inappetence, the conjugation of bilirubin is reduced causing a substantial rise of the total bilirubin and its unconjugated fraction.ObjectivesWe hypothesised that during feed deprivation, the serum concentration of free fatty acids (FFA), triglycerides (TG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total bilirubin (tBIL), total bile acids (tBA) and activity of GGT and GLDH increases, while the concentration of insulin and direct bilirubin (dBIL) decreases.Study designObservational experiment.MethodsEleven horses were feed deprived for 96 h. Animals were closely monitored while blood samples were taken at the beginning, and then at 72, 84 and 96 h later. Variables of interest included serum FFA, TG, insulin, GGT, GLDH, total and direct BIL (t&dBIL), tBA and BUN. The data were analysed by descriptive statistics, paired t‐test and one‐way repeated measures ANOVA with post‐hoc HSD test, and P≤0.05 was considered significant.ResultsHorses tolerated feed restriction without complications. During this time, the concentration of TG, FFA, BUN, dBIL and insulin significantly increased (P≤0.05), as well as the activity of serum GGT, while the concentration of tBIL, tBA and the activity of GLDH did not change significantly (P>0.05).Main limitationsSample size, lack of serum volatile fatty acid, cortisol and blood glucose measurements may have limited the value of the study.ConclusionsHealthy Akhal Teke horses did not develop a catabolic crisis following 4 days of feed restriction and hyperlipaemia did not occur. Total BIL and tBA did not increase, thus were not useful indicators of inappetence in this group of horses.
A survey on multiaxial fatigue damage parameters under non‐proportional loadings
Authors: Luo Peng , Yao Weixing , Susmel Luca , Wang Yingyu , Ma Xiaoxiao 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this paper, several multiaxial fatigue damage parameters taking into account nonproportional additional hardening are reviewed. According to the way nonproportional additional hardening is considered in the model, the damage parameters are classified into 2 categories: (1) equivalent damage parameters and (2) direct damage parameters. The equivalent damage parameters usually define a nonproportional coefficient to consider nonproportional additional cyclic hardening, and make a combination of this nonproportional coefficient with stress and/or strain quantities to calculate the equivalent damage parameters. In contrast, the direct damage parameters are directly estimated from the stress and strain quantities of interest. The accuracy of 4 multiaxial fatigue damage parameters in predicting fatigue lifetime is checked against about 150 groups of experimental data for 10 different metallic materials under multiaxial fatigue loading. The results revealed that both Itoh's model, one of equivalent damage parameters, and Susmel's model, which belong to direct damage parameters, could provide a better correlation with the experimental results than others assessed in this paper. So direct damage parameters are not better than the equivalent damage parameters in predicting fatigue lifetime.
Fabrication of a transversal multilayer thermoelectric generator with substituted calcium manganite
Authors: Reimann Timmy , Bochmann Arne , Vogel Andy , Capraro Beate , Teichert Steffen , Töpfer Jörg 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe sintering behavior and thermoelectric performance of Ca0.99Gd0.01Mn0.99W0.01O3was studied, and a multilayer thermoelectric generator was fabricated. The addition of CuO as sintering additive was found to be effective for the reduction in the sintering temperature from 1300°C to about 1000°C‐1050°C. Dense samples were obtained after firing at 1050°C, whereas some porosity remained after firing at 1000°C. Samples sintered at reduced temperature exhibit lower electrical conductivity, whereas the Seebeck coefficientS = −150 μV/K at 100°C is not affected by lowering the sintering temperature. The figure of merit is ZT = 0.12 at 700°C for samples sintered at 1300°C; ZT = 0.08 and 0.03 were obtained for multilayer laminates sintered at 1050°C and 1000°C, respectively. A transversal multilayer thermoelectric generator (TMLTEG) was built by stacking layers of substituted CaMnO3green tapes, and printing AgPd conductor stripes onto the thermoelectric layers at an angle of 30° relative to the direction of the heat flow. The multilayer stack was co‐fired at 1000°C. The TMLTEG has a power output of 2.5 mW at ∆T= 200 K in the temperature interval of 25°C‐300°C. A meander‐like generator with larger power output comprising six TMTEGs is also presented.
Enhanced Performance of the Eurostat Method for Comprehensive Assessment of Urban Metabolism: A Material Flow Analysis of Amsterdam
Authors: Voskamp Ilse M. , Stremke Sven , Spiller Marc , Perrotti Daniela , van der Hoek Jan Peter , Rijnaarts Huub H. M. 
Published: August 2017

SummarySustainable urban resource management depends essentially on a sound understanding of a city's resource flows. One established method for analyzing the urban metabolism (UM) is the Eurostat material flow analysis (MFA). However, for a comprehensive assessment of the UM, this method has its limitations. It does not account for all relevant resource flows, such as locally sourced resources, and it does not differentiate between flows that are associated with the city's resource consumption and resources that only pass through the city. This research sought to gain insights into the UM of Amsterdam by performing an MFA employing the Eurostat method. Modifications to that method were made to enhance its performance for comprehensive UM analyses. A case study of Amsterdam for the year 2012 was conducted and the results of the Eurostat and the modified Eurostat method were compared. The results show that Amsterdam's metabolism is dominated by water flows and by port‐related throughput of fossil fuels. The modified Eurostat method provides a deeper understanding of the UM than the urban Eurostat MFA attributed to three major benefits of the proposed modifications. First, the MFA presents a more complete image of the flows in the UM. Second, the modified resource classification presents findings in more detail. Third, explicating throughput flows yields a much‐improved insight into the nature of a city's imports, exports, and stock. Overall, these advancements provide a deeper understanding of the UM and make the MFA method more useful for sustainable urban resource management.
Development of postcompressional textural tests to evaluate the mechanical properties of medicated chewing gum tablets with high drug loadings
Authors: Al Hagbani Turki , Nazzal Sami 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMedicated chewing gum tablets (CGTs) represent a unique platform for drug delivery. Loading directly compressible gums with high concentrations of powdered medication, however, results in compacts with hybrid properties between a chewable gum and a brittle tablet. The aim of the present study was to develop textural tests that can identify the point at which CGTs begin to behave like a solid tablet upon drug incorporation. Curcumin (CUR) CGTs made with Health in gum were prepared with increasing CUR load from 0 to 100% and were characterized for their mechanical properties by a single‐bite (knife) and a two‐bite tests. From each test several parameters were extracted and correlated with drug loading. In the single‐bite test, the change in the resistance of the compacts to plastic deformation was found to give a definitive guide on whether they behave as gums or tablets. A more in depth analysis of the impact of CUR loading on the chewability of the CGTs was provided by the two‐bite test where CUR loading was found to have a nonlinear impact on the mechanical properties of compacts. An upper limit of 10% was found to yield compacts with gum‐like properties, which were abolished at higher CUR loads. The textural test procedure outlined in this study are expected to assist those involved in the formulation of medicated gums for pharmaceutical applications in making an informed decision on the impact of drug loading on gum behavior before proceeding with clinical testing.Practical applicationsThere is a growing interest in utilizing medicated chewing gums for drug delivery, especially those made using directly compressible gum bases, such as Health in gum. Directly compressing a gum base with high amounts of solid drug powder, however, poses a challenge as it may result in compressed compacts with hybrid properties between a chewing gum and a hard tablet. Currently, official Pharmacopeias do not specify a testing procedure for the estimation of the mechanical and textural properties of chewing gum tablets. To fill in the knowledge gap, we demonstrated in the present study how complementing a single‐bite (knife) test with a modified two‐bite test could be used to discriminate between chewing gums and hard tablets that were prepared by directly compressing Health in gum base with increasing concentration of curcumin powder in the blend. By utilizing these two tests, it was possible to identify clear demarcations between conventional tablets and chewing gums. In this study, we found that a 10% load by weight is the upper limit for curcumin loading in a binary blend with Health in gum to maintain the mastication properties of the compacts, which become brittle tablets at 30% load.
Vascular plant diversity structures bryophyte colonization in experimental grassland
Authors: Fergus Alexander J.F. , Gerighausen Uta , Roscher Christiane 
Published: August 2017

AbstractQuestionsNumerous grassland biodiversity experiments have explored how plant diversity influences colonization by vascular plants, but no such studies have examined how sown vascular plant diversity structures colonization by bryophytes, which can contribute greatly to grassland diversity.LocationGrassland biodiversity experiment (Jena Experiment), Germany.MethodsWe studied bryophyte composition in experimental grasslands encompassing a gradient of vascular plant species richness (1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 60 species), functional group richness and composition (one to four; grasses, legumes, tall herbs, small herbs) as well as in additional bare ground and spontaneously colonized plots and semi‐natural control meadows.ResultsIncreasing vascular plant species richness and functional group richness as well as the presence of legume species decreased bryophyte species richness and increased the spatial variability of this richness. Bryophyte species richness and cover responded positively to grass presence, which also decreased the spatial variability of both. The proportion of acrocarpous species was largest in bare ground plots and decreased with increasing vascular plant species richness and with grass and legume presence. Non‐metric multidimensional scaling revealed that bryophyte species composition followed the gradient in sown vascular plant species richness and was dependent on grass and legume presence. The effect of plant diversity on bryophytes was only partly attributable to increased vascular plant species cover. Bryophyte habitat indicator values suggested that conditions in communities of higher vascular plant diversity that included grasses were more shady, moist and nutrient‐rich than in communities with lower vascular plant diversity and without grasses, whereas bryophyte assemblages in communities with legumes indicated well‐lit nutrient‐rich conditions. Even after 6 yr, bryophyte species richness and cover was considerably lower in experimental grasslands than in semi‐natural meadows, suggesting a role for dispersal limitation or habitat filtering.ConclusionsOur study shows that bryophyte colonization is not random, rather it is structured by vascular plant species diversity and composition. Not all components of a plant community respond positively to increased vascular plant diversity and advocating increased richness of one taxonomic group over another in grassland may reduce net species diversity.
The association of breastfeeding with insulin resistance at 17 years: Prospective observations from Hong Kong's “Children of 1997” birth cohort
Authors: Hui Lai Ling , Kwok Man Ki , Nelson E. Anthony S. , Lee So Lun , Leung Gabriel M. , Schooling C. Mary 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBreastfeeding has many benefits for mother and infant. Whether breastfeeding also protects against type 2 diabetes is unclear. To clarify the role of breastfeeding in type 2 diabetes, we assessed the association of breastfeeding with insulin resistance in late adolescence in a birth cohort from a non‐Western setting where breastfeeding was not associated with higher socio‐economic position. We used multivariable linear regression, with multiple imputation and inverse probability weighting, to examine the adjusted associations of contemporaneously reported feeding in the first 3 months of life (exclusively breastfed, mixed feeding, or always formula‐fed) with fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) at 17 years in a subset (n = 710, 8.6% of entire cohort) of the Hong Kong Chinese birth cohort “Children of 1997.” We found a graded association of breastfeeding exclusivity in the first 3 months of life with lower fasting insulin and HOMA‐IR (p‐for‐trend < .05), but not fasting glucose, at 17 years. Exclusively breastfed adolescents (7%) had nonsignificantly lowest fasting insulin and HOMA‐IR, adjusted for sex, birth weight, parity, length of gestation, pregnancy characteristics, parents' education, and mother's place of birth. Exclusively breastfeeding for 3 months may be causally associated with lower insulin resistance in late adolescence. Further follow‐up studies into adulthood are required to clarify the long‐term protection of breastfeeding from type 2 diabetes.
Phosphite: a novel P fertilizer for weed management and pathogen control
Authors: Achary V. Mohan M. , Ram Babu , Manna Mrinalini , Datta Dipanwita , Bhatt Arun , Reddy Malireddy K. , Agrawal Pawan K. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThe availability of orthophosphate (Pi) is a key determinant of crop productivity because its accessibility to plants is poor due to its conversion to unavailable forms. Weed's competition for this essential macronutrient further reduces its bio‐availability. To compensate for the low Pi use efficiency and address the weed hazard, excess Pi fertilizers and herbicides are routinely applied, resulting in increased production costs, soil degradation and eutrophication. These outcomes necessitate the identification of a suitable alternate technology that can address the problems associated with the overuse of Pi‐based fertilizers and herbicides in agriculture. The present review focuses on phosphite (Phi) as a novel molecule for its utility as a fertilizer, herbicide, biostimulant and biocide in modern agriculture. The use of Phi‐based fertilization will help to reduce the consumption of Pi fertilizers and facilitate weed and pathogen control using the same molecule, thereby providing significant advantages over current orthophosphate‐based fertilization.
Dispositional accounts of abilities
Authors: Vetter Barbara , Jaster Romy 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper explores the prospects for dispositional accounts of abilities. According to so‐called new dispositionalists, an agent has the ability to Φ iff they have a disposition to Φ when trying (or being otherwise properly motivated) to Φ. We show that the new dispositionalism is beset by some problems that also beset its predecessor, the conditional analysis of abilities, and bring up some further problems. We then turn to a different approach, which links abilities not to motivational states but to the notion of success, and consider ways of implementing that approach. Our results suggest that there are principled disanalogies between abilities and disposition which prevent any dispositional account of abilities from succeeding.
Exporters in cross‐section: Direct versus intermediated trade
Authors: Wang Qianqian , Gibson Mark J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHow do producers that export their goods directly differ from those that export through trade intermediaries? We take a standard model of trade with heterogeneous firms and add heterogeneity in quality to the usual heterogeneity in productivity. Modeling trade intermediaries as increasing marginal costs but decreasing fixed costs of exporting, we find that only firms with the highest quality‐adjusted productivity levels choose to export directly. Under certain parameter restrictions, the model shows that direct exporters tend to be larger and charge higher prices for their goods. In contrast to the literature, using Chinese customs data, we confirm that direct exporters do charge higher prices for their goods.
Ukrainian Euromaidan protest: Dynamics, causes, and aftermath
Authors: Zelinska Olga 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn 2013–2014, Ukraine experienced an extraordinary episode of contentious politics, later called Maidan, Euromaidan, or the Revolution of Dignity. It was triggered by the government's refusal to sign the Association Agreement with the European Union, and grew into a nation‐wide social movement that demanded respect for human rights, a change of the political regime, and an end to endemic corruption. Protesters both in the capital and in the regions demanded deeper democracy and justice over the perceived harmful actions of the government. Following the unprecedented use of violence, leaving nearly a hundred dead, Euromaidan resulted in a change in the political regime, a return to pro‐European foreign policy, and an Antimaidan counter‐movement. Reacting to Kyiv events, Russia annexed Ukrainian Crimea and fueled a military conflict in eastern Ukraine. This article presents a short history of Euromaidan and a survey of the growing literature that has examined its conditions, dynamics, and outcomes.
Major structural genomic alterations can be associated with hybrid speciation inAegilops markgrafii(Triticeae)
Authors: Danilova Tatiana V. , Akhunova Alina R. , Akhunov Eduard D. , Friebe Bernd , Gill Bikram S. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryDuring evolutionary history many grasses from the tribe Triticeae have undergone interspecific hybridization, resulting in allopolyploidy; whereas homoploid hybrid speciation was found only in rye. Homoeologous chromosomes within the Triticeae preserved cross‐species macrocolinearity, except for a few species with rearranged genomes.Aegilops markgrafii, a diploid wild relative of wheat (2n = 2x = 14), has a highly asymmetrical karyotype that is indicative of chromosome rearrangements. Molecular cytogenetics and next‐generation sequencing were used to explore the genome organization. Fluorescencein situhybridization with a set of wheatcDNAs allowed the macrostructure and cross‐genome homoeology of theAe. markgrafiichromosomes to be established. Two chromosomes maintained colinearity, whereas the remaining were highly rearranged as a result of inversions and inter‐ and intrachromosomal translocations. We used sets of barley and wheat orthologous gene sequences to compare discrete parts of theAe. markgrafiigenome involved in the rearrangements. Analysis of sequence identity profiles and phylogenic relationships grouped chromosome blocks into two distinct clusters. Chromosome painting revealed the distribution of transposable elements and differentiated chromosome blocks into two groups consistent with the sequence analyses. These data suggest that introgressive hybridization accompanied by gross chromosome rearrangements might have had an impact on karyotype evolution and homoploid speciation inAe. markgrafii.
Complete Genome Sequence of a New Maize-Associated Cytorhabdovirus
Authors: Willie Kristen , Stewart Lucy R. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
A new 11,877-nucleotide cytorhabdovirus sequence with 6 open reading frames has been identified in a maize sample. It shares 50 and 51% genome-wide nucleotide sequence identity with northern cereal mosaic cytorhabdovirus and barley yellow striate mosaic cytorhabdovirus, respectively.
Genome Sequences of Brucella melitensis, Isolated from Blood Samples of Brucellosis Patients in Malaysia
Authors: Mohamed Zahidi Jama’ayah , Ahmad Norazah , Tay Bee Yong , Hashim Rohaidah , Khoo Evie , Ahmad Nurizan , Yee Chung Yan , Dolhan Nur Qhaledaziea 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Human brucellosis is a neglected zoonotic disease and has widespread geographical distribution.
Brucella melitensis
has caused outbreaks and sporadic cases in Malaysia. Here, we present the whole-genome sequences of four
B. melitensis
strains isolated from brucellosis patients in Malaysia.
Bacillus cereus Group Bacteriophage Flapjack Genome Sequence
Authors: Erill Ivan , Caruso Steven M. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

The
Bacillus cereus
group bacteriophage Flapjack, a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA)
Myoviridae
isolate collected from soil collected in Washington, DC, is a member of cluster C3 and encodes an intramolecular chaperone-containing tail fiber protein previously found in
Podoviridae
and
Siphoviridae
but not annotated in the
Myoviridae
.
Draft Genome Sequences of the Multiresistant Escherichia coli C20 Strain, Isolated from Domestic Chicken Gut Microbiota
Authors: Tian Rong-Chuan , Huang Wei 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Escherichia coli
C20, isolated from domestic chicken gut microbiota, demonstrated multidrug resistance to the tested antibiotics. Here, we present the draft genomic sequences of
E. coli
C20, along with that of its plasmid. The final assembly yielded a chromosome of 4,640,940 bp and plasmid of 277,380 bp, with average coverages of 146.95-fold and 35.63-fold, respectively.
Draft Genome Sequences of Bacillus subtilis Strain DKU_NT_01 Isolated from Traditional Korean Food Containing Soybean (Chung-gook-jang)
Authors: Bang Man-Seok , Jeong Hee-Won , Lee Yea-Jin , Oh Ha-Yeong , Lee Su Ji , Shim Moon-soo , Shin Jang-in , Oh Chung-Hun 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the whole-genome sequence of
Bacillus subtilis
strain DKU_NT_01 isolated from traditional Korean food containing soybean (chung-gook-jang). The
de novo
genome of
Bacillus subtilis
strain DKU_NT_01 has one contig and G+C content of 55.4%, is 4,954,264 bp in length, and contains 5,011 coding sequences (CDSs).
Complete Genome Sequence of
Dengue virus
Type 2 from a Resident of North-Central Florida with Locally Transmitted Dengue Fever
Authors: White Sarah K. , Iovine Nicole M. , Nickels L. Connor , Morris J. Glenn , Lednicky John A. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
The majority of dengue fever cases reported in the United States recently have been imported. We isolated dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) from a North-Central Florida resident with locally acquired dengue fever in May 2016. This is the first evidence of autochthonous transmission of the virus in north-central Florida.