bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forensic Radiology Pitfalls: CT Imaging in Gunshot Wounds of the Head
Authors: Giffen Mark A. , Powell Jason A. , McLemore Jerri 
Published: June 2017

AbstractComputed tomography (CT) imaging is increasingly used in emergency departments and trauma services and is being offered as a supplemental tool with autopsy in coroner's and medical examiner's offices throughout the United States. The availability of CT images in lieu of traditional X‐rays for medicolegal autopsies may lead to misinterpretation of images for forensic pathologists who are not familiar with these types of images. Forensic pathologists must become familiar with CT imaging, the basis of CT image formation and how to interpret CT images appropriately. We highlight potential pitfalls of CT image interpretation through two cases of fatal gunshot wounds of the head. Antemortem CT imaging available at the time of autopsy led to discrepancy between the initial image findings and the autopsy due to inexperienced manipulation of the images. With appropriate understanding of CT image interpretation and manipulation, forensic personnel should be able to avoid most sources of misinterpretation.
Context‐dependent effects of cold stress on behavioral, physiological, and life‐history traits of the red flour beetle
Authors: Scharf Inon , Wertheimer Keren‐Or , Xin Joy Lim , Gilad Tomer , Goldenberg Inna , Subach Aziz 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAnimals are exposed in nature to a variety of stressors. While stress is generally harmful, mild stress can also be beneficial and contribute to reproduction and survival. We studied the effect of five cold shock events versus a single cold shock and a control group, representing three levels of stress (harsh, mild, and no stress), on behavioral, physiological, and life‐history traits of the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum, Herbst 1797). Beetles exposed to harsh cold stress were less active than a control group: they moved less and failed more frequently to detect a food patch. Their probability to mate was also lower. Beetle pairs exposed to harsh cold stress frequently failed to reproduce at all, and if reproducing, females laid fewer eggs, which were, as larvae in mid‐development, smaller than those in the control group. However, harsh cold stress led to improved female starvation tolerance, probably due to enhanced lipid accumulation. Harsh cold shock also improved tolerance to an additional cold shock compared to the control. Finally, a single cold shock event negatively affected fewer measured response variables than the harsh cold stress, but also enhanced neither starvation tolerance nor tolerance to an additional cold shock. The consequences of a harsher cold stress are thus not solely detrimental but might even enhance survival under stressful conditions. Under benign conditions, nevertheless, harsh stress impedes beetle performance. The harsh stress probably shifted the balance point of the survival‐reproduction trade‐off, a shift that did not take place following exposure to mild stress.
Getting yourself out of the way: Aboriginal people listening and belonging in the city
Authors: Harrison Neil , McLean Rebecca 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMuch is known about the meaning of Country to Aboriginal people living in northern Australia. Discourse abounds in various disciplines about how Country provides people in remote locations with a sense of belonging and place. Yet little is known about what Country means to Aboriginal people living in large urban locations such as Sydney, Australia. The two authors conducted a series of interviews with nine Aboriginal people about what Country and belonging mean for them in the city. A methodological relation between the two authors is explored as a means of reflecting on the role of mentoring in a research partnership, and on the transferal of research capacity through that collaboration. Older participants identify how listening and belonging are each governed by the other to the extent that there can be no belonging without listening. We draw on the frames of both human geography and philosophy to argue that listening depends on an ability to get yourself out of the way.
Flavonoids of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) Seed Embryos and Their Antioxidant Potential
Authors: Zhu Mingzhi , Liu Ting , Zhang Chunyun , Guo Mingquan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractFlavonoids from lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) seed embryos were fractionated over a macroporous resin chromatography into 2 main fractions (I and II), and subsequently identified by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS2). Sixteen flavonoids were identified in lotus seed embryos, including 8 flavonoid C‐glycosides and 8 flavonoid O‐glycosides, in which the flavonoid C‐glycosides were the main flavonoids. Among them, 2 flavonoid O‐glycosides (luteolin 7‐O‐neohesperidoside and kaempferol 7‐O‐glucoside) were identified in lotus seed embryos for the 1st time. For further elucidating the effects of flavonoid C‐glycosides to the bioactivities of lotus seed embryos, we compared the differences of the flavonoids and their antioxidant activities between leaves and seed embryos of lotus using the same methods. The results showed the antioxidant activity of flavonoids in lotus seed embryos was comparable or higher than that in lotus leaves, whereas the total flavonoid content in seed embryos was lower than lotus leaves which only contained flavonoid O‐glycosides. The flavonoid C‐glycosides of lotus seed embryos had higher antioxidant properties than the flavonoid O‐glycosides presented in lotus leaves. This study suggested that the lotus seed embryos could be promising sources with antioxidant activity and used as dietary supplements for health promotion.
Gambling Attitudes and Financial Misreporting
Authors: Christensen Dane M. , Jones Keith L. , Kenchington David G. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe investigate whether attitudes toward gambling help explain the occurrence of intentional misreporting. Similar to gambling, some financial reporting choices involve taking deliberate, speculative risks. We predict that in places where gambling is more socially acceptable, managers will be more likely to take financial reporting risks that increase the likelihood the financial statements will need to be restated. To test this prediction, we exploit geographic variation in local gambling attitudes and find that restatements due to intentional misreporting are more common in areas where gambling is more socially acceptable. This association is even stronger in situations where management is under greater pressure to misreport, including when the firm is close to meeting a performance benchmark, experiencing poor financial performance, or under investment‐related pressure. Furthermore, these results are robust to numerous tests to address omitted variables and endogeneity. Collectively, these findings suggest gambling attitudes help explain the incidence of intentional misreporting.
Quality assurance of falls reduction in an orthopaedic ward using a novel bedside trolley table set‐up strategy
Authors: Chan Shuang Quan , Wadsley Marianne , Ferriere Sue 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveTo assess whether a novel bedside trolley table set‐up decreased inpatient falls (IF) postintervention.MethodsFrom December 2012 to December 2014, geriatric patients admitted to our orthopaedic ward with extreme falls risk had a bedside trolley placed between them and a floor sensor mat to give responders more time to prevent IF. Pre‐ and postintervention falls data was reviewed for falls reduction using falls per month as comparison standard. IF were classified as high or low/medium risk using St Thomas's Risk Assessment Tool In Falling Elderly inpatients (STRATIFY) scoring.ResultsSixty‐two of 134 falls fulfilled inclusion criteria. The high‐risk group had 33 patients preintervention and 22 patients postintervention, with falls per month at 3.4 preintervention and 1 postintervention. IF reduction was 71% in STRATIFY ≥17 versus 44% in STRATIFY <17.ConclusionsThe novel set‐up with appropriate assessment may decrease falls in the high‐risk ortho‐geriatric population. Further trials are warranted to confirm its effectiveness.
Phenotypic characterisation of coagulase‐negative staphylococci isolated from blood cultures in newborn infants, with a special focus on Staphylococcus capitis
Authors: Ehlersson Gustaf , Hellmark Bengt , Svartström Olov , Stenmark Bianca , Söderquist Bo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimThis Swedish study determined which species of coagulase‐negative staphylococci (CoNS) were found in neonatal blood cultures and whether they included Staphylococcus capitis clones with decreased susceptibility to vancomycin.MethodsCoNS isolates (n = 332) from neonatal blood cultures collected at Örebro University Hospital during 1987–2014 were identified to species level with matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS). The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of S. capitis isolates was determined by the disc diffusion test and Etest, and the presence of heterogeneous glycopeptide‐intermediate S. capitis (hGISC) was evaluated.ResultsStaphylococcus epidermidis (67.4%), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (10.5%) and S. capitis (9.6%) were the most common CoNS species. Of the S. capitis isolates, 75% were methicillin‐resistant and 44% were multidrug‐resistant. No isolate showed decreased susceptibility to vancomycin, but at least 59% displayed the hGISC phenotype. Staphylococcus capitis isolates related to the strain CR01 displaying pulsotype NRCS‐A were found.ConclusionStaphylococcus epidermidis, S. haemolyticus and S. capitis were the predominant species detected in neonatal blood cultures by MALDI‐TOF MS. The number of episodes caused by S. capitis increased during the study period, but no isolates with decreased susceptibility to vancomycin were identified. However, S. capitis isolates related to the strain CR01 displaying pulsotype NRCS‐A were found.
Patient and provider characteristics related with prescribing of ADHD medication: Nationwide health insurance claims database study in Korea
Authors: Song Inmyung , Lee Mo Se , Lee Eui‐Kyung , Shin Ju‐Young 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the association between prescribing of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication and the patient's age, gender, and type of medical institution in Asia region.IntroductionThis study investigates the prevalence and factors of diagnosis and pharmacological treatment of ADHD in the pediatric population.MethodsUsing the Korea Health Insurance database, study participants were identified as pediatric patients (≤17 years) with at least 1 diagnosis of ADHD (ICD‐10, F90) from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2011. The annual prevalence of ADHD diagnosis and medication was calculated. Annual differences in the prevalence between 2007 and 2011 with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. We conducted multiple logistic regression analysis to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and their 95% CI to investigate predictors associated with prescribing of ADHD medication.ResultsThe prevalence of ADHD medication prescribing increased by 26.57% (95% CI, 26.27‐26.88) from 0.53% in 2007 to 0.72% in 2011. The prevalence increased by 41.56% (95% CI, 40.51‐42.65) in females compared with 34.91% (95% CI, 34.47‐35.36) in males. Whereas the prevalence decreased in patients younger than 6 years old, it increased by 74.30% (95% CI, 72.84‐75.79) in the 13 to 17–year group. Males were more likely than females to be treated with ADHD medication (aOR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.10‐1.13). Physician specialty (psychiatry vs non‐psychiatry) (aOR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.34‐1.40) were associated with prescribing of ADHD medication.ConclusionRapid increases in the diagnosis and pharmacological treatment of ADHD in the pediatric population have been observed. While demographic characteristics were similar to other countries, provider characteristics were different with others reporting that the majority of patients were treated by physicians specializing in psychiatry.
Survival of spray‐dried and free‐cells of potential probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum 564 in soft goat cheese
Authors: Radulović Zorica , Miočinović Jelena , Mirković Nemanja , Mirković Milica , Paunović Dušanka , Ivanović Marina , Seratlić Sanja 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA high viability of probiotics in food product, with a living cells threshold of 107/cfu/g (colony‐forming units/g) is a challenge to achieve in food production. Spray drying is an efficient and economic industrial method for probiotic bacterial preservation and its application in food products. In this study, the survival of free and spray‐dried cells of potential probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum 564 after production and during 8 weeks of storage of soft acid coagulated goat cheese was investigated, as well as compositional and sensory quality of cheese. Total bacterial count of spray‐dried Lb. plantarum 564 cells were maintained at the high level of 8.82 log/cfu/g in cheese after 8 weeks of storage, while free‐cell number decreased to 6.9 log/cfu/g. However, the chemical composition, pH values and sensory evaluation between control cheese (C1 sample made with commercial starter culture) and treated cheese samples (C2 and C3, made with the same starter, with the addition of free and spray‐dried Lb. plantarum 564 cells, respectively) did not significantly differ. High viability of potential probiotic bacteria and acceptable sensory properties indicate that spray‐dried Lb. plantarum 564 strain could be successfully used in the production of soft acid coagulated goat cheeses.
Reproductive biology of Philodryas patagoniensis (Snakes: Dipsadidae) in south Brazil: Female reproductive cycle
Authors: Loebens Luiza , Rojas Claudio Augusto , Almeida‐Santos Selma Maria , Cechin Sonia Zanini 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this study, we describe the female reproductive cycle of Philodryas patagoniensis in south Brazil, which was described through morpho‐anatomical and histological analyses. The peak of secondary vitellogenesis occurred during winter–spring (July–December), ovulation in spring (October–December), mating and fertilization in spring–summer (October–February), oviposition in spring–autumn (October–May) and births from late spring to autumn (December–July). The diameter of vitellogenic follicles/eggs was larger in winter–spring than in other seasons. The diameter of the shell glands was also larger in winter–spring. In spite of the clear reproductive peak, gonads only showed reduced activity in the autumn. Therefore, at the individual level, females have a discontinuous cyclical reproduction; in the populational level, the reproductive cycle is seasonal semisynchronous. We support the hypothesis that P. patagoniensis have the ability to produce multiple clutches with long‐term stored sperm. Sexual dimorphism in body size was evident, and females are significantly larger and heavier than males. Larger females were able to produce follicles and eggs in larger amount and size. The maternal body size was positively related to the reproductive effort and fecundity. To conclude, we deliberated about the proximal and distal causes that influence the reproductive traits and patterns of P. patagoniensis.
Impact of preoperative calculation of nephron volume loss on future of partial nephrectomy techniques; planning a strategic roadmap for improving functional preservation and securing oncological safety
Authors: Rha Koon H. , Abdel Raheem Ali , Park Sung Y. , Kim Kwang H. , Kim Hyung J. , Koo Kyo C. , Choi Young D. , Jung Byung H. , Lee Sang K. , Lee Won K. , Krishnan Jayram , Shin Tae Y. , Cho Jin‐Seon 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesTo assess the correlation of the resected and ischaemic volume (RAIV), which is a preoperatively calculated volume of nephron loss, with the amount of postoperative renal function (PRF) decline after minimally invasive partial nephrectomy (PN) in a multi‐institutional dataset.Patients and MethodsWe identified 348 patients from March 2005 to December 2013 at six institutions. Data on all cases of laparoscopic (n = 85) and robot‐assisted PN (n = 263) performed were retrospectively gathered. Univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses were used to identify the associations between various time points of PRF and the RAIV, as a continuous variable.ResultsThe mean (sd) RAIV was 24.2 (29.2) cm3. The mean preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the eGFRs at postoperative day 1, 6 and 36 months after PN were 91.0 and 76.8, 80.2 and 87.7 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. In multivariable linear regression analysis, the amount of decline in PRF at follow‐up was significantly correlated with the RAIV (β 0.261, 0.165, 0.260 at postoperative day 1, 6 and 36 months after PN, respectively). This study has the limitation of its retrospective nature.ConclusionPreoperatively calculated RAIV significantly correlates with the amount of decline in PRF during long‐term follow‐up. The RAIV could lead our research to the level of prediction of the amount of PRF decline after PN and thus would be appropriate for assessing the technical advantages of emerging techniques.
l‐Homocysteine‐induced cathepsin V mediates the vascular endothelial inflammation in hyperhomocysteinaemia
Authors: Leng Yi‐Ping , Ma Ye‐Shuo , Li Xiao‐Gang , Chen Rui‐Fang , Zeng Ping‐Yu , Li Xiao‐Hui , Qiu Cheng‐feng , Li Ya‐Pei , Zhang Zhen , Chen Alex F 
Published: June 2017

Background and PurposeVascular inflammation, including the expression of inflammatory cytokines in endothelial cells, plays a critical role in hyperhomocysteinaemia‐associated vascular diseases. Cathepsin V, specifically expressed in humans, is involved in vascular diseases through its elastolytic and collagenolytic activities. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of cathepsin V on l‐homocysteine‐induced vascular inflammation.Experimental ApproachA high methionine diet‐induced hyperhomocysteinaemic mouse model was used to assess cathepsin V expression and vascular inflammation. Cultures of HUVECs were challenged with l‐homocysteine and the cathepsin L/V inhibitor SID to assess the pro‐inflammatory effects of cathepsin V. Transfection and antisense techniques were utilized to investigate the effects of cathepsin V on the dual‐specificity protein phosphatases (DUSPs) and MAPK pathways.Key ResultsCathepsin L (human cathepsin V homologous) was increased in the thoracic aorta endothelial cells of hyperhomocysteinaemic mice; l‐homocysteine promoted cathepsin V expression in HUVECs. SID suppressed the activity of cathepsin V and reversed the up‐regulation of inflammatory cytokines (IL‐6, IL‐8 and TNF‐α), adhesion and chemotaxis of leukocytes and vascular inflammation induced by l‐homocysteine in vivo and in vitro. Increased cathepsin V promoted the degradation of DUSP6 and DUSP7, phosphorylation and subsequent nuclear translocation of ERK1/2, phosphorylation of STAT1 and expression of IL‐6, IL‐8 and TNF‐α.Conclusions and ImplicationsThis study has identified a novel mechanism, which shows that l‐homocysteine‐induced upregulation of cathepsin V mediates vascular endothelial inflammation under high homocysteine condition partly via ERK1/2/STAT1 pathway. This mechanism could represent a potential therapeutic target in hyperaemia‐associated vascular diseases.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Spotlight on Small Molecules in Cardiovascular Diseases. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.8/issuetoc
Assessing causal effects of early life‐course factors on early childhood caries in 5‐year‐old Ugandan children using directed acyclic graphs (DAGs): A prospective cohort study
Authors: Birungi Nancy , Fadnes Lars T. , Kasangaki Arabat , Nankabirwa Victoria , Okullo Isaac , Lie Stein A. , Tumwine James K. , Åstrøm Anne N. ,   PROMISE‐EBF study group
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the effect of distal and proximal early life‐course factors on early childhood caries (ECC) in 5‐year‐old Ugandan children, particularly focusing on the causal effect of exclusive breast feeding (EBF) on ECC using directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) for confounder selection.MethodsThis study had a nested prospective cohort design, focusing on 5 years of follow‐ups of caregiver‐children pairs from the PROMISE‐EBF trial (ClinicalTrials.gov no: NCT00397150) conducted in 2011 in Eastern Uganda. Data were from recruitment interviews, 24‐week, 2‐year and 5‐year follow‐ups of a cohort of 417 mother‐children pairs. Trained research assistants performed interviews with caregivers in the local language and ECC was recorded under field conditions using the World Health Organization's (WHO) decayed missing or filled teeth (dmft) index. Early life‐course factors in terms of socio‐demographic characteristics, EBF and other feeding habits were assessed at the various follow‐ups. The outcome (ECC; dmft>0) was assessed at the 5‐year follow‐up. Causal diagrams as DAGs were constructed to guide the selection of confounding and collider variables to be included in or excluded from the final multivariable analysis. Negative binomial regression analyses were performed based on two comparative DAGs representing different causal models.ResultsModel 1 based on DAG 1, showed EBF to be a protective factor against ECC, with an IRR and 95% CI of 0.62 (0.43‐0.91). According to Model 2 based on DAG 2, EBF and having both parents living together had protective effects: the corresponding IRRs and 95% CI were 0.60 (0.41‐0.88) and 0.48 (0.25‐0.90), respectively.ConclusionsBoth plausible models indicated that being exclusively breastfed for 24 weeks had a protective causal effect against ECC. Further research, examining the unmeasured variables included in the DAGs is necessary to strengthen the present finding and allow stronger causal claims.
Incidental findings of implant complications on postimplantation CBCTs: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Clark Danielle , Barbu Horia , Lorean Adi , Mijiritsky Eitan , Levin Liran 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundSurvival rates of dental implants are reported to be very high and seem to indicate minimal complications related to dental implants.PurposeThe aim of this report was to evaluate in a cross‐sectional study the prevalence of implant positioning complications as appears in postimplantation Cone‐Beam Computerized Tomography (CBCT) in two of the major imaging facilities in Bucharest, Romania.MethodsDemographic and implant data was collected from two of the three main CBCT facilities in Bucharest, Romania. All postimplantation CBCT imaging were assessed and evaluated for the presence of different implant positioning related complications. Data were entered into Excel spreadsheet and analyzed statistically.ResultsOf the 2323 CBCT's that were analyzed, a total of 160 (6.89%) presented with implant positioning related complications. Out of those, 62 cases revealed penetration of the implant to adjacent anatomic structure. More specifically, there were 21 instances of sinus penetration, 19 instances of nasal cavity penetration, 9 instances of inferior alveolar canal penetration, and 13 instances of lingual plate perforations. There were also 15 cases of adjacent tooth injury noted.ConclusionsDespite the popularity of dental implants, the surgical placement of these implants is not a riskless procedure. Implant mal‐positioning might be life‐threatening and can lead to serious bleeding, airway obstruction, and unnecessary postoperative surgeries. Complications of dental implants are not obsolete and dental implant associated problems may not be apparent immediately. Surgeons must have proper training and use evidenced‐based treatment planning in order to prevent dental implant complications.