bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Antimicrobial Resistance and Susceptibility Pattern of UTI-causing Microorganisms in Southern Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Anjum Muhammad Mehwar , Khalid Faiza , Saleem Rida , Abdul Malik Muhammad Awais Bin , Rizwan Muhammad 
Published: October 2024

Background: Bacterial resistance against antibiotics has become a global challenge and measures are needed to stop this. The aim of this study is to highlight this problem and to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of organisms in Southern Punjab, Pakistan.
Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Sheikh Zayed Medical Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan. The urine samples obtained from 4 different wards were sent for culture and sensitivity analysis. 9 antibiotics (Nitrofurantoin, Fosfomycin, Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone, Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole, Norfloxacin, Linezolid, Amoxicillin, and Imipenem) were tested against 5 isolated strains of uropathogens using Kirby Bauer disk diffusion test. The sensitivity reports were obtained, and data points were entered into a spreadsheet and analysed using SPSS.
Results: Out of 101 samples of uropathogens that showed positive growths (42.08%), 53 (52.4%) were from male patients and 48 (47.5%) positive growths were from females. Escherichia Coli had the highest positive growths (58%) followed by Pseudomonas (19%) Klebsiella (13%), Staphylococcus Aureus (7%) and Coagulase-negative staphylococci (3%). Imipenem was the most sensitive drug whereas the highest resistance by organisms was developed against TMP-SMX. No significant association(p>0.05) was found between any of the anti-microbial drugs and Escherichia coli, gram-positive uropathogens, and gram negative uropathogens.
Conclusion: The high increasing rate of broad-spectrum antibiotics resistance suggests that diagnostic and culture tests should be encouraged in hospitals. Based on these test results, appropriate antibiotics should be prescribed. The limitations include the inability to distinguish between nosocomial and community-acquired urinary tract infections and also did not consider other demographic factors like age.
Successful Subungual Glomus Tumor Removal: A Case Report and Future Guidance on Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Karna Made Bramantya , Suteja Richard Christian 
Published: October 2024

Background: Glomus tumors are rare benign hamartomas of the glomus body that occur mostly – though not limited to - the distal phalanxes of the digits. This article provides a real-life example of successful rare disease identification and treatment. It also provides a guideline that may help serve as future guidance on diagnosis and treatment.
Case: A 41-year-old male came to our hospital presenting with a chief complaint of episodes of throbbing pain, which occurred spontaneously on the left thumb for the past two years. The pain had worsened in the past two weeks. The patient was positive for Hildreth’s, Love’s pin, and cold sensitivity tests. The previous x-ray showed no abnormalities in the left thumb. MRI found a hyperdense subungual lesion in the dorsal interphalangeal joint of the left thumb. We then performed an excision using the transungual approach. Histopathological findings found a relatively well-circumscribed lesion of the glomus apparatus absent of abnormal mitosis and necrosis. Two months after the excision, the patient reported no symptoms of recurrency, nail deformity, or other adverse outcomes.
Conclusion: Patients typically present a chief complaint of chronic paroxysmal throbbing nail pain that persists for years, increases following exposure to cold environments, and is disproportionately exacerbated with the slightest touch. Hildreth’s, Love’s Pin, and cold sensitivity tests are special examinations that elicit or suppress pain. As with most benign tumors, complete excision usually yields good results. Adequate knowledge about diagnostic methods will help patients achieve early intervention and cure.
Improving access to syphilis screening among unhoused people in Yolo County
Authors: Kupa Jenna , Bruguera Ren , Agnoli Nadia , Agnoli Alicia , Melgoza Liliana , Portnoy Anna , Portnoy P. Suzanne 
Published: October 2024

Background: This study aimed to increase syphilis screening rates amongst unhoused residents of Yolo County, California, through the implementation of plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycles. Yolo County has a strategic goal to eliminate congenital syphilis cases. Homelessness is a known risk factor for syphilis.
Methods: The primary researcher was embedded in a street medicine team. Using quality improvement tools like stakeholder interviews, workflow diagrams, and best practices from literature, we outlined the team's workflow for syphilis screening and developed ideas to improve uptake and expand capacity. The most effective cycle implemented gift card incentives for syphilis screening. During the patient intake we offered the option to receive a syphilis test, informing the patient of the gift card incentive.
Results: Prior to gift card incentives, the team screened 1.6 patients on average per clinic for a total of 30 patients screened in April to June of 2022. After the gift card incentive was implemented, the team screened 3.0 patients on average per clinic, screening a total of 223 patients from July 2022 to May 2023. The intervention produced an 87.5% increase in screening rates (P=0.0094). The data showed a significant increase in syphilis testing upon implementing the gift card incentive program.
Conclusion: These findings contribute to evidence supporting the use of patient incentives for public health prevention measures. This model could be applied to other populations to increase health screening participation. More research is needed on the effect of gift card incentives on confirmatory testing and treatment rates for syphilis.
ПРЕСТУПНОСТЬ В СЕЛЬСКОМ ХОЗЯЙСТВЕ ХАКАСИИ В ГОДЫ ВЕЛИКОЙ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЙ ВОЙНЫ
Authors: Печерский В.А. 
Published: October 2024

В статье исследуются вопросы, связанные с преступностью в сельском хозяйстве Хакасии в годы Великой Отечественной войны. Дефицит продовольствия провоцировал многочисленные кражи сельскохозяйственных продуктов. За 1942 г. было возбуждено более 100 уголовных дел по фактам хищений зерна, по которым осудили 191 человек. Неэффективная организация охраны зерна в колхозах и совхозах привела к увеличению количества краж. Расхищение зернового фонда грозило срывом планов сева и уборки.
The article examines issues related to crime in agriculture in Khakassia during the Great Patriotic War. Food shortages provoked numerous thefts of agricultural products. In 1942, more than 100 criminal cases were initiated on the facts of grain theft, according to which 191 people were convicted. Inefficient organization of grain protection in collective farms and state farms has led to an increase in the number of thefts. The plundering of the grain fund threatened to disrupt the sowing and harvesting plans.
О СКАЗКЕ «ШАМШИРБОЗ» И ЕЕ ПЕРЕВОД НА РУССКИЙ ЯЗЫК
Authors: Игамуратова Д.Ч. 
Published: October 2024

В данной статье анализируется сказка «Шамширбоз», записанная от жителя города Китаб Кашкадарьинской области Узбекистана А. Шукурова и переведенная на русский язык М. Абдурахимовым. В статье анализируется схожесть сюжета этой сказки с другими народными сказками, мастерство переводчика при передаче на русский язык употребляемых в узбекском языке «говорящих» имён и фразеологизмов. Обосновывается применение переводчиком метода синтаксической трансформации. В художественном переводе передача тонкостей одного языка на другой, сохранение национальных особенностей и отражение авторского стиля – чрезвычайно сложный процесс. В процессе перевода фразеологизмов в изучаемом языке не может быть найдено адекватного перевода, соответствующего этим устойчивым сочетаниям. При переводе фразеологизмов и пословиц одного языка на другой переводчик должен хорошо владеть родным языком и фразеологией языка перевода. Ведь в результате «говорящие» имена оставленные без пояснения или без перевода, неумения отличить фразеологизмы от простых предложений при дословном переводе искажается первоначальное содержание произведения. Поэтому при переводе фразеологизмов и пословиц целесообразно использовать различные методы, такие как эквивалентный, калька, лексический перевод.
This article analyzes the fairy tale “Shamshirboz”, recorded from a resident of Kitab, Kashkadarya Region of Uzbekistan, A. Shukurov and translated into Russian by M. Abdurakhimov. The article analyzes the similarity of the plot of this fairy tale with other folk tales, mastery of the translator in translation of charactonyms and phraseological units, used in the Uzbek language, into Russian. The translator’s use of the syntactic transformation method is justified. In literary translation, the transfer of subtleties of one language to another, the preservation of national features and the reflection of the author’s style is an extremely difficult process. In the process of translating phraseological units in the studied language, an adequate translation corresponding to these stable combinations cannot be found. When translating phraseological units and proverbs of one language into another, the translator must have a good command of the native language and phraseology of the target language. After all, as a result of a word-for-word translation, charactonyms which are left without explanation or without translation and inability to distinguish phraseological units from simple sentences distort the original content of a work. Therefore, when translating phraseological units and proverbs, it is advisable to use various methods, such as equivalent, loan translation, lexical translation.
Mapping Tumor-Infiltrating Microbes: Microniches to Single Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Bullman Susan 
Published: October 2024

Within human gastrointestinal tract tumors, malignant cells are surrounded by a complex ecosystem that includes a range of non-transformed human cells, as well as a diverse collection of microorganisms. The goal of my research program is to understand the impact of tumor-infiltrating bacteria on cancer progression and patient response to treatment. My talk will begin by discussing our findings that specific tumor-infiltrating bacteria are an intrinsic component of the colorectal cancer tumor microenvironment, persisting with the cancer even at distant metastatic sites (Bullman et al., Science, 2017).Additionally, I will highlight our serendipitous findings during the search for a small molecule inhibitor of the oncomicrobe Fusobacterium nucleatum (sensu lato), which revealed a complex interplay between the intratumoral microbiota and cancer treatment drugs (LaCourse et al., Cell Reports, 2022). I will also present our recent efforts to understand the contribution of the intratumoral microbiota to the tumor microenvironment (Galeano Nino et al., Nature, 2022). Specifically, we sought to determine where these microbes physically reside within tumor tissue, what host cells they are interacting with, and most importantly, the consequences of these interactions. To do this, we adapted and applied emerging technologies, including spatial transcriptomics, spatial proteomics, and single-cell sequencing (developed as INVADEseq, Galeano Nino et al., Nature Protocols, 2023), to profile host-microbial interactions in human oral and colorectal cancers. Our results reveal that the intratumoral microbiota is not randomly distributed within human oral and colorectal tumors but instead are localized to distinct microniches associated with immune and epithelial cell functions that support cancer progression.Finally, I will discuss our recent pangenomic and functional studies on Fusobacterium strains isolated from human colorectal cancer tumors, revealing a distinct Fusobacterium nucleatum (sensu lato) clade that dominates the human colorectal cancer tumor niche (Zepeda-Rivera et al., Nature, 2024). Understanding how the microbiota impacts cancer progression and patient responses to treatment will facilitate the development of novel therapeutic approaches that incorporate the microbial component of the tumor microenvironment.
Mechanical analysis of polyester resin using digital image correlation and finite element method
Authors: Masmoudi Amina , Bouaziz Ahmed , Khechai Abdelhak , Zeroual Afaf , Adimi Yassine , Belhi Guerira 
Published: October 2024

The primary objective of this study is to perform a comprehensive mechanical analysis of unsaturated polyester (UP) resin under unidirectional tensile loading. The Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique was employed to accurately determine the mechanical properties of the material, with full-field strain measurements used to extract both transverse and longitudinal strains through virtual extensometers. This approach facilitated the precise calculation of the Poisson’s ratio of the UP resin. The results obtained via DIC demonstrated strong correlation with the experimental data obtained through the machine’s control software, particularly in capturing vertical displacement and longitudinal strain with high precision. The Poisson’s ratio was found to be 0.46. To further validate the DIC findings, Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was conducted. The FEA results aligned closely with the experimental data, confirming the reliability and accuracy of the DIC method in this context. The values of Young’s modulus determined from experimental tests and FEA data were 3620.02 MPa and 3598 MPa, respectively, with a percentage error of only 0.61%.
Análise da evasão e reprovação nos cursos de licenciatura da Escola Normal Superior - UEA
Authors: Ferreira Rosilene Gomes da Silva , Cabral Hiléia Monteiro Maciel , Chagas Jéssica da Cruz 
Published: October 2024

A graduação tornou-se muito acessível pela população, em geral, através dos programas universitários propostos pelo governo federal. Por outro lado, concomitantemente ao processo de procura intensiva por cursos de nível superior, tornou-se também alarmante o número de alunos desistentes, em retenção universitária e reprovados. A evasão, retenção e reprovação podem possuir diversas causas desencadeadoras, desde problemas financeiros, familiares, transtornos mentais, grade curricular do curso, ausência de didática por parte dos docentes etc. Delimitando o aspecto da evasão universitária, tem-se um fenômeno ainda mais específico e problemático a ser discutido: a evasão nos cursos de licenciatura, um fenômeno observado desde o aumento da procura dos cursos de graduação. Nesse bojo, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar os fatores que levam à evasão e reprovação dos discentes nos Cursos de Licenciatura da Escola Normal Superior (ENS). A metodologia caracteriza-se como qualitativa, com natureza descritiva e do tipo estudo de caso. O universo da pesquisa é a Escola Normal Superior (ENS), os Cursos de Licenciatura na modalidade presencial. Os resultados parciais demonstraram que, de um total de 929 alunos evadidos, os cursos com o maior índice de alunos evadidos, no período de 2015 a 2019, foram os de Licenciatura em Letras - Língua Portuguesa (25,1%), Geografia (24,6%), Ciências Biológicas (21,2%), Matemática (21,0%) e, com o menor índice, Pedagogia com 7,8%. Os dados desta pesquisa sinalizam as necessidades de ações compartilhadas entre gestores, professores e estudantes que promovam a permanência dos estudantes nos cursos de Licenciatura da Escola Normal Superior.
Pedagogo – um cientista da educação: formação, atuação e superação de preconceitos
Authors: Piana Mariane Betânia Elias Batista , Lira Kamille Nivea Dantas , Gomes Laura Bernardi , Dourado Ana Lucia , Machado Ana Karoline , Barbosa Êmili Peixoto , Johann Elisandra Marcia , Santos Gabriele de Souza Góes Nascimento dos 
Published: October 2024

O trabalho tem como objetivo explicitar a importância do pedagogo como cientista da educação, para a pesquisa e para a organização do trabalho pedagógico, bem como sua atuação em diferentes áreas, com vistas à superação dos preconceitos. O estudo está apresentado em três partes, sendo a primeira nomeada de “Ciências humanas: história, abrangência e importância” na qual explicamos a origem das ciências humanas e a constituição da pedagogia no seu interior. A segunda, intitulada como “A formação e atuação do pedagogo”, na qual discutimos o papel do pedagogo como cientista da educação e sua atuação no mercado de trabalho, em espaços escolares e não escolares como: na Gestão Escolar, Docência na Educação Infantil, nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, na Educação de Jovens e Adultos, na Educação Especial e no Ensino Superior, em empresas, e em Organizações Não Governamentais – ONGs. Na terceira parte, discutimos algumas matrizes curriculares para demonstrar a complexidade e a diversidade da formação de pedagogos, também realizamos um levantamento sobre a média salarial do pedagogo nas diferentes áreas de atuação. Entendemos que a desvalorização do trabalho do pedagogo é motivada por questões históricas relacionadas à desvalorização do trabalho das mulheres, portanto, mostrar a complexidade da formação e da atuação do pedagogo serve de instrumento para discutir a seriedade da profissão.
Ser mentor em tempos de pandemia: a experiência de estudantes de enfermagem
Authors: Fernandes Luís Felipe Elias , Franzoi Mariana André Honorato , Bellodi Patrícia Lacerda 
Published: October 2024

Ser mentor é acompanhar, orientar e auxiliar um iniciante em sua jornada no caminho do desenvolvimento pessoal e profissional. Ainda que em um contexto de isolamento social, a mentoria pode acontecer por meio de ferramentas digitais que favoreçam a continuidade da relação de orientação e apoio entre mentores e mentorados. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever a experiência de estudantes de enfermagem que participaram como mentores de um programa de mentoria entre pares da Universidade de Brasília (UnB) durante a pandemia de Covid-19. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo-exploratório de abordagem qualitativa. Os dados foram coletados em quatro momentos através de formulários eletrônicos enviados a estudantes mentores do curso de enfermagem da UnB, e, posteriormente, submetidos à análise de conteúdo temática segundo pressupostos de Bardin. Dos 68 mentores inscritos no programa, 26 participaram da pesquisa. A maioria tinha em média 22 anos, era do sexo feminino, residia com familiares e trabalhava informalmente. A experiência de ser mentor durante a pandemia gerou quatro categorias, a saber: 1. Via de mão dupla: quem ajuda é ajudado, quem ensina também aprende; 2. Ganho para a vida: superou aspectos da vida universitária; 3. Dose de inspiração: motivou e ampliou horizontes na vida acadêmica e profissional; 4. Algumas vicissitudes: percalços e dificuldades na relação entre os pares. Ser mentor na pandemia de Covid-19 fomentou esperança e motivação para continuar a jornada acadêmica mesmo diante de um cenário de incertezas e desafios, além de fornecer aprendizados e apoio emocional acompanhado da construção de novas amizades.
Lifestyle and sleep quality of schoolchildren living in Amazonas, Brazil
Authors: Figueira Cosmo de Lima , Oliveria Naiany Garcia , Faber Myrian Abecassis , Lima Alex Barreto de 
Published: October 2024

Lifestyle is something inherent to the world's population, different in each place and often varying from individual to individual. Lifestyle is directly related to health and encompasses various factors, including sleep, the quality of which is considered a determining factor, especially as it is related to the individual's development and well-being. This study sought to assess the impact of lifestyle on sleep quality in school adolescents in the city of Jutaí, in the state of Amazonas. To this end, information was collected from 356 students (167 boys and 189 girls) from the city's public school system, with an average age of around 13.10 ± 1.27 years, average body mass of 47.35 ± 11.45, average height of 1.52 ± 0.09 and BMI of 20.33 ± 3.60. The following instruments were used for data collection: Body Mass Index (BMI), the Individual Lifestyle Profile questionnaire (Nahas et al, 2000) and the mini sleep questionnaire (Zomer, 1985). The lifestyle variables analysed showed an intermediate level for nutrition, positive for stress, physical activity and social relationships oscillating between intermediate and positive, and positive preventive behaviour. Finally, it was found that most of the students surveyed - 181 participants (≅ 51.1%) - had good sleep, 46 (≅13.2%) had slightly altered sleep, 38 (≅10.7%) and 89 (25%) had severely altered sleep. There seems to be a direct relationship between sleep quality and lifestyle.
Making a Murderer
Authors: Khosrowi Donal , van Basshuysen Philippe 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Algorithmic risk assessment tools, such as COMPAS, are increasingly used in criminal justice systems to predict the risk of defendants to reoffend in the future. This paper argues that these tools may not only predict recidivism, but may themselves causally induce recidivism through self-fulfilling predictions. We argue that such “performative” effects can yield severe harms both to individuals and to society at large, which raise epistemic-ethical responsibilities on the part of developers and users of risk assessment tools. To meet these responsibilities, we present a novel desideratum on algorithmic tools, called explainability-in-context, which requires clarifying how these tools causally interact with the social, technological, and institutional environments they are embedded in. Risk assessment practices are thus subject to high epistemic standards, which haven't been sufficiently appreciated to date. Explainability-in-context, we contend, is a crucial goal to pursue in addressing the ethical challenges surrounding risk assessment tools.
What is AI Ethics?
Authors: Lambrecht Felix , Moreno Marina 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is booming, and AI ethics is booming with it. Yet there is surprisingly little attention paid to what the discipline of AI ethics is and what it ought to be. This paper offers an ameliorative definition of AI ethics to fill this gap. We introduce and defend an original distinction between novel and applied research questions. A research question should count as AI ethics if and only if (i) it is novel or (ii) it is applied and has gained new importance through the development of AI. We argue that a lack of such a definition contributes to six disciplinary problems: ethics washing and lobbying, limited applicability, dilution of the field, conceptual bloating, costs of AI ethics, and an internal dispute. Based on our definition, we construct a methodological framework for AI ethics and show how it helps address these problems.