bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid-Flow and Spin-Trapping ESR Study on Carbonyl-Conjugated Radicals of Modified Poly(vinyl alcohol) Bearing 1,2-Propanediol Pendant Moiety as Intermediates of Graft Copolymerization
Authors: Matsui Kazuma , Nishihara Yuko , Yamaguchi Tomoko , Sakurai Yasuhiro , Miyake Yusuke , Ikegami Tohru , Kanaori Kenji , Tajima Kunihiko 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Based on the results of rapid-flow electron spin resonance (RF-ESR) and spin-trapping (ST-ESR) measurements, carbonyl-conjugated radicals derived from the vicinal diol moiety (2, i.e., the head-to-head structure) of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) have been proposed to be the most probable intermediate species involved in the initial stages of the graft reaction of PVA with methyl methacrylate (MMA). A modified poly(vinyl alcohol) (PPVA) bearing a 1,2-propanediol pendant moiety (3) with a molar ratio of 8% (based on the monomer unit) was prepared to clarify the role of the carbonyl-conjugated radicals of PPVA in the graft reaction with MMA. The RF-ESR spectra observed for the mixtures composed of PPVA, hydrogen peroxide (HPO) or ammonium persulfate (APS), and Ti2(SO4)3 (pH ca. 2) revealed the formation of four radical species (A, B1, B2, and C) derived from PPVA. By comparison of the RF-ESR spectra observed for PPVA and PVA, species A (g = 2.0041) was confirmed to be the pendant derived radical of PPVA, and species B1 and B2 (g = 2.0023) and C (g = 2.0032) were assigned to be the PVA main-chain derived radicals. Species B1 and B2 were deduced to be a pair of carbonyl-conjugated radicals (4, 5, R1–CH2–CO–•CH–CH2–R2) derived from the vicinal diol (2), and species C was assigned to be the secondary alcohol (1) derived radicals (6, R1–CH2–•COH–CH2–R2). In terms of g value and proton hyperfine coupling constants (hfcc), the molecular structure of species A was ascribed to be the carbonyl-conjugated radical of the pendant moiety (7, •CH2–CO–CHR1R2). The results of ST-ESR measurements using the sodium salt of 3,5-dibromo-4-nitroso-benzene-sulfonate (DBNBS) show that a pair of pendant radicals (7) and (8, O=CH–•CH–CHR1R2) was formed in the graft polymerization reaction solutions containing APS or HPO as an oxidant (80 °C, pH ca. 2). The grafted copolymers of PPVA and PVA (PPVA-g-MMA and PVA-g-MMA) were separated from similar graft reaction solutions composed of APS and MMA after heating at 70 °C for 1 h (pH ca. 2), and the grafting efficiencies of PPVA (PPVAge%) and PVA (PVAge%) were, respectively, estimated to be 4% and 2%. The molecular and electronic structure of the carbonyl-conjugated radicals derived from the main-chain (4, 5) and from the pendant moiety (7, 8) of PPVA will be discussed in relation to the reaction mechanisms of the initial reaction stage of the graft copolymerization with MMA.
A case series report of cancer patients undergoing group body psychotherapy
Authors: Grossert Astrid , Meinlschmidt Gunther , Schaefert Rainer 
Published: September 2017

Background: Disturbances in bodily wellbeing represent a key source of psychosocial suffering and impairment related to cancer. Therefore, interventions to improve bodily wellbeing in post-treatment cancer patients are of paramount importance. Notably, body psychotherapy (BPT) has been shown to improve bodily wellbeing in subjects suffering from a variety of mental disorders. However, how post-treatment cancer patients perceive and subjectively react to group BPT aiming at improving bodily disturbances has, to the best of our knowledge, not yet been described. Methods: We report on six patients undergoing outpatient group BPT that followed oncological treatment for malignant neoplasms. The BPT consisted of six sessions based on a scientific embodiment approach, integrating body-oriented techniques to improve patients’ awareness, perception, acceptance, and expression regarding their body. Results: The BPT was well accepted by all patients. Despite having undergone different types of oncological treatment for different cancer types and locations, all subjects reported having appreciated BPT and improved how they perceived their bodies. However, individual descriptions of improvements showed substantial heterogeneity across subjects. Notably, most patients indicated that sensations, perceptions, and other mental activities related to their own body intensified when proceeding through the group BPT sessions. Conclusion: The findings from this case series encourage and inform future studies examining whether group BPT is efficacious in post-treatment cancer patients and investigating the related mechanisms of action. The observed heterogeneity in individual descriptions of perceived treatment effects point to the need for selecting comprehensive indicators of changes in disturbances of bodily wellbeing as the primary patient-reported outcome in future clinical trials. While increases in mental activities related to their own body are commonly interpreted as important mechanisms of therapeutic action in BPT, follow-up assessments are needed to evaluate intended and unintended consequences of these changes in cancer patients.
Ethical and sustainable luxury: The paradox of consumerism and caring
Authors: Arrington Deidra W. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The exposure of the dark underbelly of fashion sheds light on the ethical dilemma of manufacturing and consuming apparel. Tragedy caused by deplorable working conditions and human exploitation is as much a part of the fashion landscape as textiles and garments. What lessons were learned after the 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist fire that killed 145 workers in New York City? Not many, based on the 2013 Rana Plaza collapse where 1130 factory workers died. Over hundred years after the Triangle fire the fashion industry’s failure to provide measures ensuring the safety and ethical treatment of workers continues. The environment also suffers from the absence of sustainable and renewable resources in the production of fashion. 20 per cent of global industrial water pollution comes from the treatment and dyeing of textiles. Water usage, the destruction of the rain forests, bulging landfills and toxic chemicals are incalculably detrimental to the environment and yet the fashion industry lags woefully behind in creating sustainable solutions. The root of the fashion industry’s ethical problems is consumer demand for more goods at every price point, including the luxury sector. Yet, many consumers believe they purchase fashion responsibly. In the 2015 The Ethical Consumer Report, 70 per cent of consumers stated their purchasing decisions are influenced by ethics. However, a mere 23 per cent are ‘often or always’ influenced by ethics. ‘It is well known that consumers saying they want ethical products does not necessarily translate into greater sales’. Therein lies the rub; consumers say they care, but they do not purchase like they care. The paradox of consumerism and caring is real.
Dressing for the Internet: A study of female self-presentation via dress on Instagram
Authors: Shumaker Claire , Loranger David , Dorie Amy 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Social networking sites (SNS) and social media (SM) have evolved into important methods of communication in modern society. A number of SM platforms are imageoriented sites such as Instagram, which provide tools to edit and post images of one’s self in place of verbal communication. These tools are especially critical in the lives of younger generations who have been reared on technology. SM provides the ability to curate one’s image and receive feedback in an almost instantaneous and customizable manner. In this two-stage, qualitative grounded theory study, a stage-one initial survey (n=208) indicated that nearly half of the respondents used dress as a communication tool when posting images on SM and that Instagram was the most used SNS. In stage-two, in-depth interviews were conducted with a sample of (n=15) undergraduate students to investigate participants’ usage of Instagram, along with their self-proclaimed use of dress as a method of communication through images posted on the SNS. Results indicated that participants used dress as a tool to communicate aspects of experiences, feelings, lifestyles and beliefs when posting images on Instagram.
Geopolitical location and plot in The Night Manager
Authors: Agger Gunhild 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The primary aim of the article is to contribute to developing concepts for the analysis of location and plot in visual fiction. The secondary aim is to assess which strategies the Danish director Susanne Bier uses in her approach to an international production such as the British-American TV serial The Night Manager. Three perspectives are tested in combining the analysis of location with the development of the plot: the general concepts of universal and real geography; the idea of being located inside or outside a given context; and the associated notion of centre-periphery opposition. A geopolitical context is applied to illustrate the implication of these concepts.
Old-school modernism? On the cinema of Roy Andersson
Authors: Brodén Daniel 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Too little attention has been paid to the aesthetic and cultural contexts of the cinema of Roy Andersson. Arguing that his filmmaking is informed by a high-modernist sensibility, I wish to draw attention to how its style and themes are tied to a vital, ‘old school’ exploration of the essentials of the human condition.
Preliminary study of the association between the elimination parameters of phenytoin and phenobarbital
Authors: Methaneethorn Janthima , Panomvana Duangchit , Vachirayonstien Thaveechai 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackground:Therapeutic drug monitoring is essential for both phenytoin and phenobarbital therapy given their narrow therapeutic indexes. Nevertheless, the measurement of either phenytoin or phenobarbital concentrations might not be available in some rural hospitals. Information assisting individualized phenytoin and phenobarbital combination therapy is important. This study’s objective was to determine the relationship between the maximum rate of metabolism of phenytoin (VMethods:Data on phenytoin and phenobarbital concentrations of 19 epileptic patients concurrently receiving both drugs were obtained from medical records. Phenytoin and phenobarbital pharmacokinetic parameters were studied at steady-state conditions. The relationship between the elimination parameters of both drugs was determined using simple linear regression.Results:A high correlation coefficient between VConclusions:Regression equations were established for estimating V
Mechanical behaviour of a lightweight, three-layered sandwich panel based on the raw material maize
Authors: Burnett Moira P. , Kharazipour Alireza 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Lightweight construction of composites is one of the strategies for developing material-saving panels, whereas light honeycomb boards or sandwich panels (SPs) based on foam or wood materials seem to be very promising in this context. The objective of the present work was the development of an SP with a reduced density based on nearly 100% expanded maize granular in the core layer, which was combined with 3 mm thin and stiff poplar plywood as face materials. In focus were mechanical and physical properties of the SPs, which should be applicable in the furniture industry and competitive with conventional wood composites such as fibreboards or particle boards.
Plasma-Assisted Nitriding in Low-Frequency Inductively Coupled Plasma Enhanced with Ferromagnetic Cores
Authors: Isupov Mikhail , Pinaev Vadim , Mul Daria , Belousova Natalia 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAn experimental investigation of plasma-assisted nitriding of austenitic stainless steel AISI 321 in a low-pressure (7 Pa), low-frequency (50–100 kHz) nitrogen inductively coupled plasma enhanced with ferromagnetic cores has been performed at the temperatures of 470–625 °C, sample biases of ‒500–‒750 V, current densities on the sample surface of 1.2–3.3 mA/cm2 and nitriding times of 20 and 60 min. It is found that even the short (20 min) ion-plasma treatment results in the formation of nitrided layers with the thickness of up to 40 μm and microhardness of up to 9 GPa.The high speed of nitriding can be explained as a result of the joint action of high ion flux density and high ion energy on the sample surface.
A Multi-Agents System for Solving Facility Layout Problem: Application to Operating Theater
Authors: Chraibi Abdelahad , Kharraja Said , Osman Ibrahim H. , Elbeqqali Omar 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFacility layout problem (FLP) has a great impact on the efficiency of any organization. It is concerned with defining the optimal location for each facility in order to optimize the supply chain productivity. In this kind of problems, the choice of resolution approach depends on the complexity and the size of the problem. Operating theaters are generally big structures containing a lot of facilities, which makes the conception of their layout a complex problem. In the literature, exact methods are powerless when faced with problem sizes up to 18 facilities. This leads us to explore other approaches, looking for efficient solutions. This paper presents a novel approach using a multi-agents system where agents’ skills are exploited to cover a wide research space, to accelerate the decision-making process and to deal with real-life problem sizes. This decision-making tool is based on several mixed integer linear programming models for solving the FLP, and considers two types of environments with deterministic and variant patient demand. Several experiments have been performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, and several problem instances with >80 facilities have been solved in reasonable time.
Heterogeneous terahertz quantum cascade lasers exceeding 1.9 THz spectral bandwidth and featuring dual comb operation
Authors: Rösch Markus , Beck Mattias , Süess Martin J. , Bachmann Dominic , Unterrainer Karl , Faist Jérôme , Scalari Giacomo 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
We report on a heterogeneous active region design for terahertz quantum cascade laser based frequency combs. Dynamic range, spectral bandwidth and output power have been significantly improved with respect to previous designs. When individually operating the lasers, narrow and stable intermode beatnote indicate frequency comb operation up to a spectral bandwidth of 1.1 THz, while in a dispersion-dominated regime a bandwidth up to 1.94 THz at a center frequency of 3 THz can be reached. A self-detected dual-comb setup has been used to verify the frequency comb nature of the lasers.
Relative merits of phononics vs. plasmonics: the energy balance approach
Authors: Khurgin Jacob B. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The common feature of various plasmonic schemes is their ability to confine optical fields of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) into subwavelength volumes and thus achieve a large enhancement of linear and nonlinear optical properties. This ability, however, is severely limited by the large ohmic loss inherent to even the best of metals. However, in the mid- and far-infrared ranges of the spectrum, there exists a viable alternative to metals – polar dielectrics and semiconductors, in which dielectric permittivity (the real part) turns negative in the Reststrahlen region. This feature engenders the so-called surface phonon polaritons, capable of confining the field in a way akin to their plasmonic analogs, the SPPs. Since the damping rate of polar phonons is substantially less than that of free electrons, it is not unreasonable to expect that phononic devices may outperform their plasmonic counterparts. Yet a more rigorous analysis of the comparative merits of phononics and plasmonics reveals a more nuanced answer, namely, that while phononic schemes do exhibit narrower resonances and can achieve a very high degree of energy concentration, most of the energy is contained in the form of lattice vibrations so that enhancement of the electric field and, hence, the Purcell factor is rather small compared to what can be achieved with metal nanoantennas. Still, the sheer narrowness of phononic resonances is expected to make phononics viable in applications where frequency selectivity is important.
Reciprocating friction and wear of polyimide composites filled with solid lubricants
Authors: Song Jingfu , Zhao Gai , Ding Qingjun , Qiu Jinhao 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
High-performance engineering polymers are a potential frictional material candidate for mechanical systems with moving parts, especially at high load and speed conditions. In this study, reciprocating friction and wear of aramid fibers/polyimide composites filled with graphite, MoS2 or Polytetrafluoroethylene, respectively, were systematically investigated on a Pin-on-Flat test rig. The experimental setup was simplified into friction materials reciprocating against a phosphor bronze pin to simulate the rotor/stator contact state in ultrasonic motors. A comparative study on friction reduction and wear resistance of polyimide composites indicated that graphite showed the best lubricity with low friction coefficient and wear rate. Experimental results of pressure time average velocity measurements showed that frequencies ranging from 3 to 11 Hz played a significant role on the friction coefficient variations of these porous polyimide composites, whereas increasing pressure from 4 to 6 MPa had little effect on friction reduction. Then, the microstructure of the worn surface of the three different materials was observed by scanning electron microscope to reveal the wear mechanisms. This study is expected to provide a good guidance for porous polyimide composites application in ultrasonic motors.
Die jungneolithischen Erdwerke von Altheim
Authors: Saile Thomas , Posselt Martin , Zirngibl Bernhard , Schoon Reinhold , Steinrücken Burkard , Tinapp Christian 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung:Die Geländearbeiten an dem vor einem Jahrhundert entdeckten Erdwerk von Altheim wurden im Jahre 2012 wieder aufgenommen. Im Verlauf dieser Untersuchungen konnte nahe der altbekannten Einhegung im Südosten der Nachweis eines zweiten altheimzeitlichen Grabenwerkes erbracht werden. Beide Anlagen sind räumlich aufeinander bezogen. Im Bereich des nördlichen Grabenwerkes wurde ein Bodenabtrag von mehreren Dezimetern während des letzten Jahrhunderts beobachtet; die Substanz beider Bodendenkmäler erscheint damit akut gefährdet. Erste Radiokohlenstoffdatierungen an Proben von Haustierknochen ergeben eine Einordnung beider Anlagen in das 37./36. Jh. v. Chr. und Hinweise auf eine zeitliche Abfolge der Gräben. Die seinerzeitige Feststellung eines hohen Pfeilspitzenanteiles an den geschlagenen Steingeräten sowie eines sehr geringen Wildtieranteiles wurden durch die neuen Grabungen bestätigt. Die Längsachsen-Ausrichtung in nordwest-südöstlicher Richtung ermöglicht eine archäoastronomische Deutung; durch Beobachtung von Naturphänomenen gewonnenes Wissen wurde in Architektur umgesetzt. Zweifel an einer fortifikatorischen Interpretation der Anlagen werden durch die neuerlichen Arbeiten nachhaltig verstärkt.
Multiple Spiritualität im Alter
Authors: Städtler-Mach Barbara 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Die Formulierung „Multiple Spiritualität im Alter“ wirft die Frage auf: Ist die Spiritualität eines alten Menschen eine Haltung, die er im Lebenslauf schon immer hatte, und die er im Alter jetzt eben auch noch hat? Dann wäre die Spiritualität eines alten Menschen vor allem immer im Zusammenhang mit seiner Biografie und den bisherigen spirituellen Gedanken und Haltungen zu verstehen. Oder gibt es eine spezifische Spiritualität von alten Menschen, die sich grundsätzlich von der junger Menschen unterscheidet? Dann wäre zu erforschen, welche Lebensthemen, Erfahrungen oder existentielle Situationen für das Verständnis von Spiritualität zu berücksichtigen sind. Beide Möglichkeiten sind denkbar, für beide Optionen gibt es gute Argumente. In jedem Fall sollten die Ergebnisse
von den Menschen, die sich um alte Menschen kümmern, berücksichtigt werden. Aufgabe zukünftiger Forschung wird es sein, zu dieser Frage weiterhin Daten zu erheben, um zu einem besseren Verständnis der Spiritualität alter Menschen zu kommen.
Das wissenschaftliche Unternehmen
Authors: Schneider Michael C. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract:

The scientific enterprise. Chemical-pharmaceutical research at E. Merck, Darmstadt, ca. 1900 to 1930

This article deals with the development of academic research within the pharmaceutical firm E. Merck, Darmstadt, between 1900 and 1930. One main purpose is to clarify to what extent the widespread notion is justified that external research gave way for internal research in order to maintain a leading position in innovativeness. Therefore the article analyses the way of co-operation between Merck and Richard Willstätter in the case of cocaine-synthesis around 1900, and the co-operation with Adolf Windaus with regard to vitamin D during the 1920s. The article concludes that internal research was indeed intensified during the interwar period, on the one hand. But this development is, on the other hand, better understood as a necessary precondition if the firm wanted prospectively be able to participate at novel developments in vitamin chemistry. The co-operation between the chemical laboratory of the university of Goettingen, the Merck research laboratory, and the pharmaceutical laboratory of I.G. Farbenindustrie AG are more aptly interpreted as an interconnected research network in which each part contributed original insights and, occasionally, breakthroughs.
Private club or public marketplace?
Authors: Buchner Michael 
Published: September 2017

Abstract:
This paper contributes to the literature on the organisation and governance of stock exchanges by taking the perspective of property rights theory. Focusing on the examples of the London and Berlin stock exchanges, which followed quite opposite paths of development during the second half of the 19th century, the paper provides three major results. First, it shows that historical stock exchanges were much more characterised by institutional variety and evolution than recent economic accounts tend to suggest. Secondly, drawing on a theoretical model developed by Oliver Hart and John Moore, the paper argues that differences in membership structure as well as in the competitive environment constituted the main driving forces behind organisational change both in London and in Berlin. Finally, it is claimed that future research should take the public dimension of Continental bourses more strongly into account, which, for example, has important implications for the question of whether stock exchanges established property rights in prices or not.