bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reference Ranges: A Novel Interpretation of Turfgrass Nutrient Values
Authors: Shaddox T. W. , Ryan C. D. , Tang K. 
Published: March 2017

Core Ideas
Plant tissue tests are interpreted using yield as a metric.
Turfgrass value is commonly measured using quality.
Reference ranges identify “normal” nutrient ranges by using turf quality as a metric.
Reference ranges should be considered as an alternative tissue test interpretation.
Tissue testing is a common practice in turfgrass management and is intended to guide nutrient applications. However, standard interpretations are a product of agricultural cropping systems and use yield as the primary metric. Yield is often of little importance in turfgrass systems and, thus, traditional test interpretations may be of little value. Reference ranges interpret test results by first defining a ‘normal’ population followed by analysis and determination of the 95% confidence interval for each nutrient. Moreover, reference ranges can be determined for cultivar, season, and age‐specific populations, which would result in a more precise interpretation and nutrient recommendation for turf managers. Because reference ranges use the accepted turf quality metric, reference ranges should be considered as an alternate option to traditional turfgrass tissue test interpretations.
A Novel Approach to Estimating Nitrous Oxide Emissions during Wetting Events from Single‐Timepoint Flux Measurements
Authors: Davis Brian W. , Needelman Brian A. , Cavigelli Michel A. , Yarwood Stephanie A. , Maul Jude E. , Bagley Gwendolyn A. , Mirsky Steven B. 
Published: March 2017

Precipitation and irrigation induce pulses of N2O emissions in agricultural soils, but the magnitude, duration, and timing of these pulses remain uncertain. This uncertainty makes it difficult to accurately extrapolate emissions from unmeasured time periods between chamber sampling events. Therefore, we developed a modeling protocol to predict N2O emissions from data collected daily for 7 d after wetting events. Within a cover crop‐based corn (Zea mays L.) production system in Beltsville, MD, we conducted the 7‐d time series during four time periods representing a range of corn growth stages in 2013 and 2014. Treatments included mixtures and monocultures of grass and legume cover crops that were fertilized with pelletized poultry litter or urea–ammonium nitrate solution (9–276 kg N ha−1). Most fluxes did not exhibit the expected exponential decay over time (82%); therefore, cumulative emissions were calculated using trapezoidal integration over 7 d after the wetting event. Cumulative 7‐d emissions were well correlated with single point gas fluxes on the second day after a wetting event using a generalized linear mixed model (ln[emissions] = 0.809∙ln[flux] + 2.47). Soil chemical covariates before or after a wetting event were weakly associated with cumulative emissions. The ratio of dissolved organic C to total inorganic N was negatively correlated with cumulative emissions (R2 = 0.23–0.29), whereas nitrate was positively correlated with cumulative emissions (R2 = 0.23–0.33). Our model is an innovative approach that is calibrated using site‐specific time series data, which may then be used to estimate short‐term N2O emissions after wetting events using only a single flux measurement.Core Ideas
N2O fluxes did not exhibit exponential decay with time, as hypothesized.
Our model estimates short‐term N2O emissions from a single‐timepoint flux measurement.
Soil DOC/IN ratio was weakly predictive of short‐term N2O emissions.
Urea Release by Intermittently Saturated Sediments from a Coastal Agricultural Landscape
Authors: King Mason D. , Bryant Ray B. , Saporito Louis S. , Buda Anthony R. , Allen Arthur L. , Hughes Lindsey A. , Hashem Fawzy M. , Kleinman Peter J. A. , May Eric B. 
Published: March 2017

Urea‐N is linked to harmful algal blooms in lakes and estuaries, and urea‐N‐based fertilizers have been implicated as a source. However, the export of urea‐N‐based fertilizers appears unlikely, as high concentrations of urea‐N are most commonly found in surface waters outside periods of fertilization. To evaluate possible autochthonous production of urea‐N, we monitored urea‐N released from drainage ditch sediments using mesocosms. Sediments from a cleaned (recently dredged) drainage ditch, uncleaned ditch, forested ditch, riparian wetland, and an autoclaved sand control were isolated in mesocosms and flooded for 72 h to quantify urea‐N, NH4+‐N, and NO3−‐N in the floodwater. Sediments were flooded with different N‐amended solutions (distilled H2O, 1.5 mg L−1 NH4+‐N, 3.0 mg L−1 NH4+‐N, 2.6 mg L−1 NO3−‐N, or 5.1 mg L−1 NO3−‐N) and incubated at three water temperatures (16, 21, and 27°C). Urea‐N concentrations in mesocosms representing uncleaned and cleaned drainage ditches were significantly greater than nonagricultural sediments and controls. While flooding sediments with N‐enriched solution had no clear effect on urea‐N, warmer (27°C) temperatures resulted in significantly higher urea–N. Data collected from field ditches that were flooded by a summer rainstorm showed increases in urea‐N that mirrored the mesocosm experiment. We postulate that concentrations of urea‐N in ditches that greatly exceed environmental thresholds are mediated by biological production in sediments and release to stagnant surface water. Storm‐driven urea‐N export from ditches could elevate the risk of harmful algal blooms downstream in receiving waters despite the dilution effect.Core Ideas
Elevated urea‐N can increase the frequency and toxicity of algal blooms.
Urea‐N initially present in dry sediment does not explain surface water urea–N.
Elevated urea‐N in ditches is likely due to autochthonous sediment production.
Urea‐N in agricultural drainage ditch water is higher than in nonagricultural sites.
Urea‐N is higher at warmer temperatures.
Transport and Transformation of Selenium and Other Constituents of Flue‐Gas Desulfurization Wastewater in Water‐Saturated Soil Materials
Authors: Galkaduwa Madhubhashini B. , Hettiarachchi Ganga M. , Kluitenberg Gerard J. , Hutchinson Stacy L. , Davis Lawrence , Erickson Larry E. 
Published: March 2017

Constructed wetland treatment systems are used to remove selenium (Se) from flue‐gas desulfurization (FGD) wastewater (WW). However, direct confirmation of the mechanism responsible for FGD WW Se retention in soil is lacking. A laboratory‐based soil column study was performed to develop an evidence‐based mechanism of Se retention and to study the behavior and the retention capacity of FGD WW constituents in water‐saturated soil. A deoxygenated 1:1 mixture of FGD WW and raw water was delivered to the columns bottom‐up at a flux of 1.68 cm d−1 for 100 d. Some of the columns were flushed with the raw water at the same rate for an additional 100 d. Column effluent was analyzed for constituents of concern. Results showed a complete retention of FGD WW Se in the soil materials. Boron and fluorine were partially retained; however, sulfur, sodium, and chlorine retention was poor, agreeing with field observations. The FGD WW Se was retained in soil near the inlet end of the columns, indicating its limited mobility under reduced conditions. Sequential extraction procedure revealed that retained Se was mainly sequestered as stable/residual forms. Bulk‐ and micro‐X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure spectroscopy confirmed that Se was mainly retained as reduced/stable species [Se(IV), organic Se, and Se(0)]. This study provides direct evidence for FGD WW Se retention in water‐saturated soil via the transformation of oxidized Se into reduced/stable forms.Core Ideas
The mechanism of FGD wastewater Se retention in water‐saturated soil was studied.
Sequential fractionation of Se, micro‐XRF, and micro‐ and bulk‐XANES were used.
Behavior of FGD wastewater constituents in saturated soil was comparable to field‐scale observations.
FGD wastewater Se exhibited strong retention in reduced soil.
Reduced/stable species of Se governed the retention mechanism.
Short‐term Effects of Great Cormorant Droppings on Water Quality and Microbial Community of an Artificial Agricultural Reservoir
Authors: Han Il , Yoo Keunje , Wee Gui Nam , No Jee Hyun , Park Jungwon , Min So Jin , Kim Seong Heon , Leea Tae Kwon 
Published: March 2017

Agricultural reservoirs are established to improve the management of water resources. Waterbirds in protected waters have become a nuisance, however, as nutrients from fecal deposits transported by the waterbirds have served to severely deteriorate water quality. Despite the importance of clean water resources, the microecology of small agricultural reservoirs regularly colonized by transitory waterbirds are seldom reviewed. To improve our understanding of the influence of waterbirds on small bodies of water, a microcosm study was conducted using water and sediment from an agricultural reservoir inhabited by 300 to 500 great cormorants. Temporal changes in total nitrogen, total phosphorous, chemical oxygen demand, NH4+–N, PO43−–P, and chlorophyll‐a concentrations, in addition to the microbial community, were evaluated for microcosms containing 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 5.0 g of feces collected from a great cormorant colony. Chemical analysis of the water microcosm revealed that all microcosms showed both immediate and prolonged increases in nutrients due to the addition of feces. Additionally, a mere 0.5 g of feces doubled the concentration of chlorophyll‐a from 2.1 ± 0.99 to 5.2 ± 1.1 μg L−1 within 1 mo. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling of the microbial community structure revealed disturbances in both water and sediment microcosms. Disturbances to the microbial community in the water microcosm were significant only when 5.0 g of feces was added; however, disturbances to sediment microbial communities were induced by a smaller mass of feces. These results confirm the short‐term water quality impairment and shift in microbial community structure caused by waterbird droppings and bird colony surface runoff in an agricultural reservoir.Core Ideas
Labile nutrients in feces dissolve rapidly in water, increasing the nutrient content.
Fecal fragments can persist in water for over 21 d, acting as a nutrient source.
Microbes in the water and sediment microcosms were disturbed by 5.0 g of feces.
The Influence of Selected Parameters on Evaluation of the Geometrical Shape Deviation – Cylindricity in 3D Measuring Machine Workspace
Authors: Drbúl Mário , Šajgalík Michal , Litvaj lvan , Babík Ondrej 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Each part as a final product and its surface is composed of various geometric elements, although at first glance seem as smooth and shiny. During the manufacturing process, there is a number of influences (e.g. selected manufacturing technology, production process, human factors, the strategy of measurement, scanning speed, shape of the measurement contact tip, temperature, or the surface tension and the like), which hinder the production of component with ideally shaped elements. From the economic and design point of view (in accordance with determined GPS standards), there is necessary fast and accurate analyze and evaluate these elements. Presented article deals with the influence of scanning speed and measuring strategy for assessment of shape deviations.
Investigation of Surfaces after Non Conventional Machining
Authors: Micietova Anna , Neslusan Miroslav , Cillikova Maria 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This paper deals with analysis of surface integrity of steel after electro discharge machining (EDM), water jet machining, (WJM) laser beam machining (LBM) and plasma beam machining (PBM). The paper discusses surface integrity expressed in surface roughness, sample precision expressed in perpendicularity deviation as well as stress state. This study also demonstrates influence of the various non-conventional methods on structure transformations and reports about sensitivity of the different non-conventional methods of machining with regard to variable thickness of machined samples.
Les grandes cavités souterraines, études et applications
Authors: Gilli Eric 
Published: March 2017

As part of a research contract with Electricité de France, 28 big karstic chambers have been studied. For each of them, a map, a geological survey and observations about stability have been made with simple ways.
The study shows that 450 meters large exemples exist. Three natural digging ways are considered : by dissolving, by dissolving and collapse, by washing away and collapse. The last part is about artificial caves some propitious geological surroundings for big artificial chambers are defined.
Les monts de Pardailhan : Etude hydrodynamique et des sources karstiques de Poussarou et Malibert (Montagne Noire - Hérault)
Authors: Guyot Jean-Louis 
Published: March 2017

The Pardailhan mountains : hydrodynamic and hydrochemical study of karstic springs of Poussarou and Malibert.
The hydrogeological study of the Monts de Pardailhan carried out in collaboration with the Regional Service of Development Water (Montpellier), has allowed the definition of the systems of flow of the principal courses of water and sources of this region to become apparent.
The hydrodynamic analysis of the two main karstic springs, Poussarou and Malibert, showed, thanks to the utilisation of different methods (débits classés, variogrammes) that these sources have different systems of flow. The hydrochemical study confirmed this difference of behavioural patterns towards the outlet.
Un pseudo-karst dans les argiles (Las Bardenas, Navarre-Espagne)
Authors: Maire Richard , Pernette Jean-François 
Published: March 2017

Pseudo-karst in sandy-clay (Las Bardenas Navarra-Spain)
The spectacular bad-lands of Las Bardenas are situated south of the Navarra province (NE Spain) ; they develop in the sandy-clay (Oligo-Miocene) of the tertiary Ebra basin, with a semi-arid climatic context (<400 mm/year). Pseudo-karstic landforms have been observed near mini-canyons : sinkholes, pits, caves, natural bridges... This morphology of mechanical origin is possible because the running waters disappear undergroud into the decompression fissures generated on the edges of canyon cliffs. Yet, in a few caves (photo 2), the gallery is made directly in the mass of sandy-clay, without the help of joints, cracks or fissures («piping»). This recent pseudo-karst and bad-lands are the obvious consequence of the historical destruction of forest during the Middle Ages.
Niveaux d’organisation, niveaux de changement
Authors: Duterme Claude 
Published: March 2017

D’un point de vue systémique et interactionnel (Bateson 1984, Watzlawick 1981), le questionnement sur l’oscillation « changement personnel/changement organisationnel » amène à poser la question des niveaux logiques concernés dans les réflexions sur le changement, en entreprise comme ailleurs. « Changer » fait référence à des processus différents selon l’équilibre systémique impliqué. De même, le point de vue de l’observateur/acteur de changement sera déterminant quant à la qualification du processus de changement engagé. A partir de ces distinctions théoriques, je propose d’envisager l’accompagnement de changement en revisitant les propositions historiques du MRI et leur application actuelle dans le monde de l’entreprise. Le format de cet article ne permettra malheureusement pas de proposer des exemples d’intervention comme illustration aux propos théoriques et propositions méthodologiques.
Mandibular Second Molar having Four Roots and Unusual Root Canal Morphology
Authors: Bhardwaj Anuj , Tarun GS 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The objective of this article is to highlight the importance of having a thorough knowledge about the root canal anatomy and the possibility of extra root/root canal.

Materials and methods
This case report presents the endodontic management of a left mandibular second molar with four roots and five canals.

Results
The clinical and radiographic diagnosis shows the existence of four roots and five canals (two in distobuccal root, one in distolingual root, one in mesiobuccal root, and one in mesiolingual root) in mandibular second molar.

Conclusion
Anatomic variation in the number of roots and root canals can occur in any tooth. Close examination of radiographs taken from different angles and careful evaluation of the internal anatomy of teeth is essential or else root canal treatment is likely to fail if extra roots or root canals are not detected.

How to cite this article
Bhardwaj A, Tarun GS. Mandibular Second Molar having Four Roots and Unusual Root Canal Morphology. J Health Sci Res 2017;8(1):49-52.
Mechanical Properties and Biocompatibility of in Situ Enzymatically Cross-Linked Gelatin Hydrogels
Authors: Alarake Nada Z. , Frohberg Patrick , Groth Thomas , Pietzsch Markus 
Published: March 2017

Objectives Gelatin, a degraded collagen, has been widely used as a scaffolding material in tissue engineering applications. In this work, we aimed at the development of in situ, cross-linking, cytocompatible hydrogels by the use of transglutaminase as a cross-linker for potential application in the regeneration of tissues. Methods Hydrogels were prepared from gelatin of different concentrations and bloom degree (175 (G175) or 300 (G300) bloom gelatin) and cross-linked with various amounts of microbial transglutaminase (mTG) at 37°C. Mechanical properties and cross-linking degree were studied by rheology and swelling experiments. Four hydrogels with different stiffness were selected for studies with embedded human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs). Results Hydrogels were obtained with storage modulus (G’) values between 11 (±1) Pa and 1,800 (±200) Pa with gelation times between 80 (±6) and 450 (±36) seconds. G300 cross-linked gelatin hydrogels displayed higher gel stiffness, lower swelling ratio and gelled more rapidly compared to the hydrogels prepared from G175. Stiffer hydrogels (50 and 200 Pa) showed greater ability to support the proliferation of hASCs than softer ones (11 and 30 Pa). The highest cell proliferation was observed with a hydrogel of 200 Pa modulus. Conclusions Overall, transglutaminase cross-linked gelatin hydrogels might be suitable as injectable hydrogels for the engineering of musculoskeletal and other types of connective tissues.
Does the Roller Pump Adjustment in Cardiopulmonary Bypass Settings Influence Hemolysis?
Authors: Junior Francisco U. Vieira , Antunes Nilson , de Oliveira Pedro P. , Filho Lindemberg M. Silveira , Vilarinho Karlos A.S. , Costa Eduardo T. 
Published: March 2017

Introduction Roller pumps are widely used in procedures involving cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) due to their ease of operation and maintenance, safety, and cost. Several studies in the literature have compared the use of roller pumps with centrifugal pumps, but the influence of the roller pump adjustment on hemolysis has been poorly explored. Methods Measurements of hemolysis rates were carried out in 86 patients. The pump was adjusted by the dynamic calibration method, which was performed by an auxiliary device, and the patients were grouped according to the pump calibration: Group 1 (n = 20) 75 mmHg; Group 2 (n = 24) 150 mmHg; Group 3 (n = 22) 300 mmHg and Group 4 (n = 21) 450 mmHg. The hemolysis rates were measured at 4 different times during CPB (TO: before the surgical procedure; T1: 5 minutes after the start of CPB; T2: 30 minutes of CPB; and T3: 5 minutes after the CPB procedure). Hemolysis rates were calculated between the time intervals T0–T1, T1–T2, and T0–T3. Results No difference in hemolysis rates was observed between the groups (p>0.31). During the first 5 minutes of CPB, hemolysis represented 35.5% of the total hemolysis and no significant difference was found between groups (p>0.60). Conclusions Calibration of roller pumps by the dynamic method did not influence the hemolysis rates. Additionally, the hemolysis during the first 5 minutes of CPB accounted for ∼1/3 of the total hemolysis.
Cullin-1 Regulates MG63 Cell Proliferation and Metastasis and is a Novel Prognostic Marker of Osteosarcoma
Authors: Cheng Qinghua , Yin Guoyong 
Published: March 2017

Background There is no reliable marker available for early detection, diagnostic confirmation or disease prognosis of osteosarcoma. Cullin-1 (CUL1) is a newly reported tumor-related gene, and we aimed to unravel its role in osteosarcoma. Methods We used immunohistochemistry to analyze the correlation between CUL1 expression and clinicopathological variables and patient survival. To evaluate the function of CUL1, a group of 28 osteosarcoma patients were recruited for this study. The role of regulation of CUL1 in osteosarcoma was studied in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we further investigated the signaling pathway of CUL1 in osteosarcoma progression. Results We first discovered that CUL1 expression was up-regulated in human osteosarcoma tissues and inversely correlated with osteosarcoma differentiation. In addition, CUL1 promotes osteosarcoma cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. We also found that CUL1 promotes osteosarcoma cell invasion and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. High levels of CUL1 promote osteosarcoma progression via up-regulation of MMP9 expression. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that increased CUL1 expression is significantly correlated with poor prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma. CUL1 might be an important marker and a therapeutic target for osteosarcoma.
Clinicopathological and Prognostic Value of CD24 Expression in Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Liu Gao , Liu Guo-Xing , Fang Yu , Cao Zhen-Yu , Du Hui-Hui , Fu Jie , Qian Ke 
Published: March 2017

Background A number of studies have been conducted to explore the relationship between CD24 expression and the prognosis of breast cancer; however, the results remain inconsistent. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to clarify the impact of CD24 expression on clinicopathological features and prognosis of breast cancer. Methods A comprehensive literature search for relevant studies was performed, and statistical analysis was conducted using Stata software. Results Twenty studies, including 5,179 cases, were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled analysis indicated that CD24 expression was associated with lymph node invasion (odds ratio [OR] = 0.68, for negative vs. positive, 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.53-0.87, p = 0.002) and TNM stage (OR = 0.63, for I + II vs. III + IV, 95% CI, 0.49-0.81, p<0.001). The prognosis analysis also suggested CD24 overexpression indicated a poorer 5-year overall survival (OS) rate (relative risk ratio [RR] = 0.93, 95% CI, 0.86-0.99, p = 0.03) and 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate (RR = 0.90, 95% CI, 0.83-0.98, p = 0.02). However, CD24 expression had no correlation with tumor size, tumor grade, distance metastasis, estrogen receptor (ER) status, progesterone receptor (PR) status, or HER2 status. Conclusions Our results suggest that higher CD24 expression is significantly associated with lower OS rate, lower DFS rate and some clinicopathological factors such as lymph node invasion and TNM stage. This meta-analysis suggested that CD24 is an efficient prognostic factor in breast cancer.