bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ZnAl‐Hydrotalcite‐Supported Au25Nanoclusters as Precatalysts for Chemoselective Hydrogenation of 3‐Nitrostyrene
Authors: Tan Yuan , Liu Xiao Yan , Zhang Leilei , Wang Aiqin , Li Lin , Pan Xiaoli , Miao Shu , Haruta Masatake , Wei Haisheng , Wang Hua , Wang Fangjun , Wang Xiaodong , Zhang Tao 
Published: January 2017

AbstractChemoselective hydrogenation of 3‐nitrostyrene to 3‐vinylaniline is quite challenging because of competitive activation of the vinyl group and the nitro group over most supported precious‐metal catalysts. A precatalyst comprised of thiolated Au25nanoclusters supported on ZnAl‐hydrotalcite yielded gold catalysts of a well‐controlled size (ca. 2.0 nm)—even after calcination at 500 °C. The catalyst showed excellent selectivity (>98 %) with respect to 3‐vinylaniline, and complete conversion of 3‐nitrostyrene over broad reaction duration and temperature windows. This result is unprecedented for gold catalysts. In contrast to traditional catalysts, the gold catalyst is inert with respect to the vinyl group and is only active with regard to the nitro group, as demonstrated by the results of the control experiments and attenuated total reflection infrared spectra. The findings may extend to design of gold catalysts with excellent chemoselectivity for use in the synthesis of fine chemicals.
Effect of Corticosteroids and Cyclophosphamide on Sex Hormone Profiles in Male Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus or Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Arnaud Laurent , Nordin Annica , Lundholm Hannes , Svenungsson Elisabet , Hellbacher Erik , Wikner Johan , Zickert Agneta , Gunnarsson Iva 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and systemic sclerosis (SSc) are autoimmune diseases that predominantly affect female patients, and therefore fewer investigations have been conducted in men. The aim of this study was to analyze sex hormone levels in male patients with SLE and those with SSc, compared to matched controls, in relation to the use of corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide (CYC).MethodsSex hormone levels were measured in fasting blood samples from male patients with SLE (n = 71) and those with SSc (n = 29) and compared to population‐based, age‐matched male controls. Relevant hormone profiles were identified using cluster analysis.ResultsMale SLE patients had higher levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) (P < 0.0001) and more frequent bioactive testosterone deficiency (P = 0.02) than their matched controls. The current dosage of prednisolone correlated inversely with the levels of bioactive testosterone (r = −0.36, P = 0.03). Cluster analysis identified a subset of SLE patients with increased levels of follicle‐stimulating hormone, LH, and prolactin as well as lower levels of bioactive testosterone (P < 0.0001) in relation to higher daily doses of prednisolone. In male SSc patients, levels of testosterone (P = 0.03) and bioactive testosterone (P = 0.02) were significantly lower than those in matched controls. Use of CYC during the previous year was associated with lower bioactive testosterone levels in both SLE patients (P = 0.02) and SSc patients (P = 0.01), after adjustment for age.ConclusionThe results of this study highlight the negative impact of corticosteroids on gonadal function in men with SLE. Furthermore, use of CYC during the year prior to study inclusion impaired bioactive testosterone levels in male patients with either SLE or SSc. Physicians should be more aware of the possibility of hypogonadism in male patients with autoimmune diseases. The need for hormonal supplementation remains to be formally evaluated in these patients.
Who are patients classified within the new terminology of heart failure from the 2016 ESC guidelines?
Authors: Delepaul Benoit , Robin Guillaume , Delmas Clément , Moine Thomas , Blanc Adrien , Fournier Pauline , Roger‐Rollé Aénora , Domain Guillaume , Delon Clémence , Uzan Charles , Boudjellil Rabah , Carrié Didier , Roncalli Jérôme , Galinier Michel , Lairez Olivier 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAimsThe main terminology used to describe heart failure (HF) is based on measurement of the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). LVEF in the range of 40–49% was recently defined as HF with mid‐range EF (HFmrEF) by the 2016 European Society of Cardiology guidelines. The purpose of our study was to assess the clinical profile and prognosis of patients with HF according to this new classification.Methods and resultsA total of 482 patients referred for HF were retrospectively included over a period of 1 year. There were 258 (53%), 115 (24%), and 109 (23%) patients with HF with reduced EF (HFrEF), HFmrEF, and HF with preserved EF (HFpEF), respectively. Patient age increased, whereas left block bundle branch, brain natriuretic peptide level, and the use of beta‐blocker and furosemide decreased from HFrEF to HFpEF. After adjustment for the age, patients with HFpEF and HFmrEF were more likely to have NYHA stage 2 dyspnea, had a higher systolic blood pressure, were less likely to have spironolactone, had lower furosemide dose, and had lower haemoglobin than those with HFrEF. Cardiovascular risk factors and medical history were similar in the three groups of patients. There was a 33% death rate after a mean follow‐up of 32.2 ± 14.3 months. The survival was the same among patients whatever the group of HF (P = 0.884).ConclusionsPatients with HFrEF, HFmrEF, and HFpEF share the same cardiovascular risk factors, medical history, and prognosis. Patients with HFmrEF have a different clinical profile, which is nearly the same as patients with HFpEF, except for sex. These results question the relevance of this new classification of HF to stimulate research into this new group of patients.
Thermally Stable Phase Change Material with High Latent Heat and Low Cost based on an Adipic Acid/Boric Acid Binary Eutectic System
Authors: Xie Shaolei , Sun Jinhe , Liu Shang , Han Lipeng , Ma Guixiang , Jing Yan , Jia Yongzhong 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAn adipic acid/boric acid (AA–BA) binary eutectic mixture containing 80 wt % adipic acid and 20 wt % boric acid was investigated as a new phase change material (PCM) with high latent heat, high thermal stability, and low cost. The material′s thermophysical properties and thermal stability were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The thermal stability was investigated in situ over 100 cycles using DSC. The phase change temperature of the AA–BA binary eutectic mixture was 135.04 °C and the latent heats of the melting and crystallization process were 283.42 and 272.16 J g−1, respectively. The latent heat of melting only dropped 4.94 % after in situ 100 cycles using DSC. Following comparison of thermal properties and price of the AA–BA eutectic mixture PCM with those of some composite PCMs, the results indicate that the newly prepared AA–BA eutectic mixture is a potential phase change material for thermal storage tanks.
Sodium silicate treatment for the attenuation of U(VI) by iron‐bearing sediments in acidic groundwater plumes
Authors: Anagnostopoulos Vasileios A , Katsenovich Yelena , Denham Miles 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDAnthropogenic activities, such as uranium mining and the nuclear industry, have resulted in groundwater contamination and the creation of uranium‐affected acidic plumes. In situ immobilization through base injection is a favorable way of uranium attenuation. The present study explores the use of sodium silicate for the restoration of neutral pH of the affected zone and consequently, uranium immobilization under circumneutral conditions.RESULTS70 mg L−1 sodium silicate restored the pH of uranium bearing, acidic groundwater to neutral in batch experiments consisting of Savannah River Site (SRS) soil and the aqueous phase. SRS soil main components are quartz, kaolinite and goethite and the U(VI) removal was ∼60%. Identical experiments consisting only of quartz and kaolinite showed only 19% U(VI) removal. Binding of uranium may be improved by inner‐sphere complexation and is not affected by the presence of competitive cations, such as Ca2+ and Mg2+. Recovery of uranium under acidic conditions (pH 3.5) was ∼60%, whereas sorption is not reversible under circumneutral conditions.CONCLUSIONSodium silicate restores the pH of acidic groundwater systems to circumneutral conditions, where uranium retention by iron bearing sediments is favored. Goethite is the soil's most reactive phase and contributes to stronger binding of uranium through inner‐sphere complexation. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
The Kinetics and Mechanism of the Reaction between Barbituric Acid and Glycidol, Part I: The Products Analysis
Authors: Lubczak Jacek , Kania Ewelina , Myśliwiec Bogdan 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe hydroxyalkyl derivatives of barbituric acid (BA) were formed in the reaction between BA and glycidol (GL). The reaction was performed at BA:GL 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4 molar ratios in DMF or without solvent. The progress of reaction was monitored by determination of the epoxide number and IR and NMR spectroscopy. It was found that primary reactive site of BA was C5 and further nitrogen ring atoms. BA was always involved in keto‐enol equilibrium, the latter form being less reactive. The isolated hydroxyalkyl derivatives are useful precursors of oligoetherols with the pyrimidine ring.
Initial Experience Using a Telerobotic Ultrasound System for Adult Abdominal Sonography
Authors: Adams Scott J. , Burbridge Brent E. , Badea Andreea , Langford Leanne , Vergara Vincent , Bryce Rhonda , Bustamante Luis , Mendez Ivar M. , Babyn Paul S. 
Published: January 2017

Purpose The study sought to assess the feasibility of performing adult abdominal examinations using a telerobotic ultrasound system in which radiologists or sonographers can control fine movements of a transducer and all ultrasound settings from a remote location. Methods Eighteen patients prospectively underwent a conventional sonography examination (using EPIQ 5 [Philips] or LOGIQ E9 [GE Healthcare]) followed by a telerobotic sonography examination (using the MELODY System [AdEchoTech] and SonixTablet [BK Ultrasound]) according to a standardized abdominal imaging protocol. For telerobotic examinations, patients were scanned remotely by a sonographer 2.75 km away. Conventional examinations were read independently from telerobotic examinations. Image quality and acceptability to patients and sonographers was assessed. Results Ninety-two percent of organs visualized on conventional examinations were sufficiently visualized on telerobotic examinations. Five pathological findings were identified on both telerobotic and conventional examinations, 3 findings were identified using only conventional sonography, and 2 findings were identified using only telerobotic sonography. A paired sample t test showed no significant difference between the 2 modalities in measurements of the liver, spleen, and diameter of the proximal aorta; however, telerobotic assessments overestimated distal aorta and common bile duct diameters and underestimated kidney lengths ( P values < .05). All patients responded that they would be willing to have another telerobotic examination. Conclusions A telerobotic ultrasound system is feasible for performing abdominal ultrasound examinations at a distant location with minimal training and setup requirements and a moderate learning curve. Telerobotic sonography (robotic telesonography) may open up the possibility of remote ultrasound clinics for communities that lack skilled sonographers and radiologists, thereby improving access to care.
The Fluency Amplification Model supports the GANE principle of arousal enhancement
Authors: Carbon Claus-Christian , Albrecht Sabine 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe GANE (glutamate amplifies noradrenergic effects) model described by Mather et al. offers a neurophysiological basis for the arousal mechanism which is essential for empirical aesthetics and Gestalt processing. More generally, the core principle of perception can be interpreted as a continuous processing of competing arousal states, yielding selective amplification and inhibition of percepts to deduce the meaning of a scene.
Arousal-biased preferences for sensory input: An agent-centered and multisource perspective
Authors: Kaspar Kai 
Published: January 2017

AbstractI argue that the GANE (glutamate amplifies noradrenergic effects) model basically explains an arousal-based amplification of emotional stimuli, whereas effects on neutral stimuli indicate a contextualization process aiming to reduce stimulus ambiguity. To extend the model's validity, I suggest distinguishing between internal and external emotional sources, as well considering the stimulus valence and addressing age-related differences in attention and memory preferences.
Importance of amygdala noradrenergic activity and large-scale neural networks in regulating emotional arousal effects on perception and memory
Authors: Roozendaal Benno , Luyten Laura , de Voogd Lycia D. , Hermans Erno J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMather and colleagues postulate that norepinephrine promotes selective processing of emotionally salient information through local “hotspots” where norepinephrine release interacts with glutamatergic activity. However, findings in rodents and humans indicate that norepinephrine is ineffective in modulating mnemonic processes in the absence of a functional amygdala. We therefore argue that emphasis should shift toward modulatory effects of amygdala-driven changes at the network level.
The anatomical and physiological properties of the visual cortex argue against cognitive penetration
Authors: Gur Moshe 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe are consciously aware of visual objects together with the minute details that characterize each object. Those details are perceived instantaneously and in parallel. V1 is the only visual area with spatial resolution and topographical exactitude matching perceptual abilities. For cognition to penetrate perception, it needs to affect V1 image representation. That is unlikely because of the detailed parallel V1 organization and the nature of top-down connections, which can influence only large parts of the visual field.
Perception, cognition, and delusion
Authors: Ross Robert M. , McKay Ryan , Coltheart Max , Langdon Robyn 
Published: January 2017

AbstractFirestone & Scholl's (F&S) critique of putative empirical evidence for the cognitive penetrability of perception focuses on studies of neurologically normal populations. We suggest that a comprehensive exploration of the cognition–perception relationship also incorporate work on abnormal perception and cognition. We highlight the prominence of these issues in contemporary debates about the formation and maintenance of delusions.
Carving nature at its joints or cutting its effective loops? On the dangers of trying to disentangle intertwined mental processes
Authors: Goldstone Robert L. , de Leeuw Joshua R. , Landy David H. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAttention is often inextricably intertwined with perception, and it is deployed not only to spatial regions, but also to sensory dimensions, learned dimensions, and learned complex configurations. Firestone & Scholl's (F&S)'s tactic of isolating visual perceptual processes from attention and action has the negative consequence of neglecting interactions that are critically important for allowing people to perceive their world in efficient and useful ways.
A ‘ghastly interregnum’: the struggle for architectural heritage conservation in Belfast before 1972
Authors: MCCLELLAND ANDREW G. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThis article explores the creation of the system for the conservation of architectural heritage in Northern Ireland, evidencing the struggle for convergence within the UK before 1972. The agency of networked individuals, close state–civil society interrelationships and the innovative actions of conservationist groups in response to legislative and practice inadequacies in the 1960s are discussed. In particular, a series of ‘pre-statutory lists’ are introduced, highlighting the burgeoning interest in industrial archaeology and Victorian architecture in Belfast and the prompt provided to their creation by redevelopment. The efforts of conservationists were eventually successful after the collapse of Devolution in the early 1970s.
Satellite DNA methylation status and expression of selected genes inBos indicusblastocysts producedin vivoandin vitro
Authors: Urrego R. , Bernal-Ulloa S.M. , Chavarría N.A. , Herrera-Puerta E. , Lucas-Hahn A. , Herrmann D. , Winkler S. , Pache D. , Niemann H. , Rodriguez-Osorio N. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryBovine embryos producedin vivoandin vitrodiffer with respect to molecular profiles, including epigenetic marks and gene expression profiles. This study investigated the CpG methylation status in bovine testis satellite I (BTS) andBos taurusalpha satellite I (BTαS) DNA sequences, and concomitantly the relative abundance of transcripts, critically involved in DNA methylation (DNMT1 and DNMT3A), growth and development (IGF2R) and pluripotency (POU5F1) inBos indicusembryos producedin vitroorin vivo. Results revealed that methylation of BTS were higher (P< 0.05) in embryos producedin vitrocompared with theirin vivoproduced counterparts, while the methylation status of BTαS was similar in both groups. There were no significant differences in transcript abundance for DNMT3A, IGF2R and POU5F1 between blastocysts producedin vivoandin vitro. However, a significantly lower amount of DNMT1 transcripts was found in thein vitrocultured embryos (P< 0.05) compared with theirin vivoderived counterparts. In conclusion, this study reported only minor changes in the expression of developmentally important genes and satellite DNA methylation related to thein vitroembryo production system.
Guns, Gore and God: Bishop Gore and the First World War
Authors: Waddell Peter 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMany have been deeply critical of the Church of England’s response to the First World War, which has been seen as insufficiently critical of Government policy and too influenced by the war spirit. Charles Gore (Bishop of Oxford, 1911–19) provides a fascinating case study of how one independently minded Anglican thinker arrived at swift and unwavering support for the war, while simultaneously trying to mount a ‘counterpoise’ to some elements of the war mentality. This article describes and evaluates Gore’s use of the just war tradition, and the efficacy of the counterpoise he attempted. Analysis of his thought reveals a curious mix of hard-headed strategic realism about what would secure a just and lasting peace, and striking naiveté about what war actually entailed.
Towards a Definition of ‘Implementing Measures’ under Article 263, Paragraph 4, TFEU
Authors: Buchanan Camilla , Bolzonello Luca 
Published: January 2017

Case C-456/13 P, T&L Sugars Ltd and Sidul Açúcares v Commission, Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 28 April 2015, ECLI:EU:C:2015:284Article 263 TFEU allows applicants to challenge regulatory acts which are of direct concern to them and do not entail implementing measures. In this judgment the Court confirmed that the degree of discretion afforded to implementing authorities is irrelevant when determining the existence of implementing measures. This note explores some of the consequences of that finding on the structure of the system of remedies under the Treaties.
Small-seeded Hakea species tolerate cotyledon loss better than large-seeded congeners
Authors: El-Amhir Sh-hoob , Lamont Byron B. , He Tianhua , Yan George 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSix Hakea species varying greatly in seed size were selected for cotyledon damage experiments. The growth of seedlings with cotyledons partially or completely removed was monitored over 90 days. All seedlings perished by the fifth week when both cotyledons were removed irrespective of seed size. Partial removal of cotyledons caused a significant delay in the emergence of the first leaf, and reduction in root and shoot growth of the large-seeded species. The growth of seedlings of small-seeded species was less impacted by cotyledon damage. The rate of survival, root and shoot lengths and dry biomass of the seedlings were determined after 90 days. When seedlings were treated with balanced nutrient solutions following removal of the cotyledons, survival was 95–98%, but 0% when supplied with nutrient solutions lacking N or P or with water only. The addition of a balanced nutrient solution failed to restore complete growth of any species, but the rate of root elongation for the small-seeded species was maintained. Cotyledons provide nutrients to support early growth of Hakea seedlings, but other physiological roles for the cotyledons are also implicated. In conclusion, small-seeded Hakea species can tolerate cotyledons loss better than large-seeded species.
Predictive radiogenomics modeling of EGFR mutation status in lung cancer
Authors: Gevaert Olivier , Echegaray Sebastian , Khuong Amanda , Hoang Chuong D. , Shrager Joseph B. , Jensen Kirstin C. , Berry Gerald J. , Guo H. Henry , Lau Charles , Plevritis Sylvia K. , Rubin Daniel L. , Napel Sandy , Leung Ann N. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMolecular analysis of the mutation status for EGFR and KRAS are now routine in the management of non-small cell lung cancer. Radiogenomics, the linking of medical images with the genomic properties of human tumors, provides exciting opportunities for non-invasive diagnostics and prognostics. We investigated whether EGFR and KRAS mutation status can be predicted using imaging data. To accomplish this, we studied 186 cases of NSCLC with preoperative thin-slice CT scans. A thoracic radiologist annotated 89 semantic image features of each patient’s tumor. Next, we built a decision tree to predict the presence of EGFR and KRAS mutations. We found a statistically significant model for predicting EGFR but not for KRAS mutations. The test set area under the ROC curve for predicting EGFR mutation status was 0.89. The final decision tree used four variables: emphysema, airway abnormality, the percentage of ground glass component and the type of tumor margin. The presence of either of the first two features predicts a wild type status for EGFR while the presence of any ground glass component indicates EGFR mutations. These results show the potential of quantitative imaging to predict molecular properties in a non-invasive manner, as CT imaging is more readily available than biopsies.
Young Bone-Marrow Sca-1+ Stem Cells Rejuvenate the Aged Heart and Improve Function after Injury through PDGFRβ-Akt pathway
Authors: Li Shu-Hong , Sun Lu , Yang Lei , Li Jiao , Shao Zhengbo , Du Guo-Qing , Wu Jun , Weisel Richard D. , Li Ren-Ke 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBone marrow (BM) reconstitution with young BM cells in aged recipients restores the functionality of cardiac resident BM-derived progenitors. This study investigated the cell type primarily responsible for this effect. We reconstituted old mice with BM cells from young or old mice and found that the number of stem cell antigen 1 (Sca-1) cells homing to the heart was significantly greater in young than old chimeras. We then reconstituted old mice with young BM Sca-1+or Sca-1−cells. We found that Sca-1 cells repopulated the recipient BM and homed to the heart. The number of BM-derived cells in the aged myocardium co-expressing PDGFRβ was 3 times greater in Sca-1+than Sca-1−chimeric mice. Sca-1+chimeras had more active cell proliferation in the infarcted heart and improved ventricular function after MI. The improved regeneration involved activation of the PDGFRβ/Akt/p27Kip1pathway. Sca-1+stem cells rejuvenated cardiac tissue in aged mice. Restoration of the Sca-1+subset of stem cells by BM reconstitution improved cardiac tissue regeneration after injury in aged mice.