bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les « incasables » du système normatif social
Authors: Lloveras Geoffray 
Published: December 2015

La montée de la précarité en France, en pleine recrudescence, affecte un nombre bondissant de jeunes de moins de 25 ans cumulant des difficultés multiples. Décrits comme « incasables » par des acteurs des institutions sociales, ces jeunes questionnent les limites de nos politiques publiques en matière d’accompagnement à l’autonomie et d’hébergement.
De l’apprentissage à être autonome à l’indépendance : un processus long et complexe dans un projet institutionnel
Authors: Chabant Marc , Weltman Sandrine , Dubéchot Patrick , Fiacre Patricia 
Published: December 2015

L’entretien réalisé avec la direction éducative de la fondation Action Enfance aborde la question de la préparation au départ des jeunes du village d’enfants à l’âge de leur majorité, de leur accompagnement à l’autonomie et vers leur vie de jeune adulte hors dispositif de protection. L’exemple des villages d’enfants est intéressant dans la mesure où on est là devant des histoires de vie « hors sol », c’est-à-dire hors de la famille, avec un mode de socialisation dit « de type familial » qui pourrait être, comme dans d’autres lieux de « placement », un frein à l’autonomie des jeunes devenus adultes.
« Humaniser » les soins dans l’épidémie d’Ebola ? Les tensions dans la gestion du care et de la biosécurité dans le suivi des sujets contacts au Sénégal
Authors: Desclaux Alice , Sow Khoudia 
Published: December 2015

Pour « humaniser » la riposte à l’épidémie d’Ebola de 2014-2015, l’OMS a fait appel à des anthropologues. Or les acteurs de première ligne ont développé eux-mêmes, dans le même objectif, des pratiques que cet article analyse en étudiant l'activité des agents qui suivent les sujets contacts dans le cadre de la surveillance communautaire. Les institutions engagées lors de la flambée épidémique au Sénégal ont chargé des volontaires de la Croix-Rouge sénégalaise du suivi à domicile pendant 21 jours des 74 personnes contacts risquant d’avoir été contaminées et de transmettre le virus. Des entretiens approfondis avec ces agents, réalisés dans le cadre d’une recherche ethnographique sur la flambée épidémique, montrent la multiplicité de leurs pratiques visant à « prendre soin » (care) des personnes contacts. Elles peuvent entrer en contradiction avec les précautions de biosécurité et de surveillance, traduisant un conflit de logiques, qui a évolué au cours de la crise. Cette analyse contribue à la réflexion sur le caractère coercitif des mesures de santé publique face aux épidémies émergentes et sur les tensions entre contrôle et soin, et plaide pour que l’expérience des acteurs de terrain soit prise en compte pour définir autant que possible des modalités de surveillance respectueuses des sujets.
Emerging role of S-1 in gastric cancer
Authors: Krasniqi Eriseld , Pellicori Stefania , Formica Vincenzo 
Published: December 2015

AbstractGastric cancer remains one of the most important malignancies worldwide in terms of incidence and mortality. The treatment is based on the combination of local surgery and radiation therapy as well as systemic chemotherapy and targeted molecules. Fluoropyrimidines and particularly 5-fluorouracil (FU) represent still the backbone for gastric cancer chemotherapy and new molecular versions of this molecule have been brought to clinical practice in order to improve benefits and reduce adverse effects. S-1 is an oral prodrug of 5-FU, which has demonstrated high effectiveness for gastric cancer treatment and a favorable safety profile. Currently, there are geographic differences in the treatment of gastric cancer and in the use of S-1, which is a mainstay of gastric cancer management in Eastern countries, but is not part of the standard care in the rest of the world. In this review, we gathered data from phase I, II, and III trials of S-1 in gastric cancer, in order to define its real benefit-risk ratio and assess whether geographic differences in S-1 use are justified by unchangeable factors.
N-acetylcysteine renoprotection in methotrexate induced nephrotoxicity and its effects on B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Singh Ruchi , Shah Rikin , Turner Curtis , Regueira Osvaldo , Vasylyeva Tetyana L. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Background: Nephrotoxicity is one of the known side effects of methotrexate (MTX) therapy despite the use of conventional protective measures. Our objectives were to evaluate the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on MTX-induced toxicity in renal tubular cells and to evaluate whether adjunctive use of NAC interferes with MTX antitumor activity in the B-cell lymphoma. Methods: Kidney Epithelial (Madin-Darby canine kidney [MDCK]) cells were exposed to MTX (10 μM or 100 μM) alone and with NAC (0.2 mM or 0.4 mM). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation at 1, 2, 4, and 24 h was measured by flow cytometer. Quantification of total glutathione (GSH) was performed by using GSH assay kit. To measure the impact of NAC on the antitumor activity of MTX, B lymphoma cells were exposed to MTX alone and with NAC. A percentage of apoptosis was measured using fluorescein isothiocyanate in both cell lines. Quantitative data was presented as a means ± standard deviation, and P values were analyzed using the Student′s t-test. Results: Apoptosis in MDCK cells were observed after 24 h of incubation with both 10 μM and 100 μM MTX. Maximum ROS generation was observed at 4 h and corresponded to GSH production. Treatment with 0.2 and 0.4 mM of NAC led to decrease percentages of apoptotic MDCK cells. NAC did not change either proliferation or apoptosis of B-cell lymphoma. Conclusion: Using NAC for kidney protection may not interfere with the antitumor activity of MTX. Further in vivo studies are warranted to confirm noninterference between MTX and NAC and assess synergistic antitumor effects.
Steinbeck's Pregnant Bodies: Childbirth, Land, and Production
Authors: Restivo Julianna 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The Steinbeck novels that contain scenes of childbirth attempt to revise the narrative of production to favor the masculine over the feminine. In Dubious Battle, East of Eden, The Forgotten Village, The Grapes of Wrath, and To a God Unknown represent the spectrum of types of childbirth that ranges from the successful male-centric model to the disastrous female-led birth in The Forgotten Village and The Grapes of Wrath. This revision of the generative power of women is a part of Steinbeck's broader revision of the production narrative as it relates to his social commentaries about the land.
Diminishing the Discontent: A Biological Perspective on Ethan Allen Hawley and the New Baytown Tide Pool
Authors: Powers Lawrence Wade 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
No work of John Steinbeck has received more controversy, disparate opinion, and misinterpretation than his last novel, The Winter of Our Discontent. Many critics characterize the protagonist, Ethan Allen Hawley, as immoral, greedy, and a Judas-like betrayer of friend and associates. Several critiques characterize the story as vague, implausible, and irresolute, especially in comparison to Steinbeck's earlier California novels. In this article, the morality of Hawley's decisions and the structural format of this complex novel are examined in biological terms of adaptability, survival, and the community tide pool. Key passages from Sea of Cortez and excerpts from Steinbeck: A Life in Letters illuminate the rationale for Ethan's character and relationships with his family and others in New Baytown. The novel and Ethan's behavior are compared with the Arthurian principles that Steinbeck extolled in his life and works. Finally, a case is presented for reading The Winter of Our Discontent as an “experiment” that worked and as a novel that accomplished what its author intended.
The likelihood of having a serum PSA level of ≥2.5 ng/mL according to the degree of fatty liver disease in a screened population
Authors: Yoon Jong Hyun , Yang Hee Jo , Kim Jae Heon , Doo Seung Whan , Yang Won Jae , Hwang Jiyoung , Hong Seong Sook , Park Suyeon , Cho Dae Yeon 
Published: December 2015

<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> We sought to investigate the impact of fatty liver disease (FLD) on prostate cancer (PCa) screening by estimating the odds of having a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) value over the cutoff used to prompt for the recommendation of prostate biopsy.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> Between 2007 and 2013, 18 533 native Korean men eligible to receive a serum PSA test, liver profiles, and abdominal ultrasonography were recruited. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of an abnormal PSA (≥2.5 ng/mL) in these men (age 45-75 years, PSA≤10 ng/mL) in relation to FLD. The FLD status was categorized as normal, mild, moderate, and severe grade by abdominal sonography.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 16 563 men (89.4%) were included in the study after applying the inclusion criteria. Liver profiles were negatively correlated with the serum PSA level. After controlling for age and obesity, there was a statistically significant trend towards a lower likelihood of having a serum PSA level of ≥2.5 ng/mL with severe FLD, having a 34.7% lower likelihood (odds ratio 0.653, 95% confidence interval 0.477–0.88; p&lt;0.01) compared to men in the normal group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Severe FLD is an independent predictor of a lower likelihood of having abnormal PSA level. Further studies are needed to better define these results in clinical biopsy practice.</p>
A Rapid Method for Analysis of Phenylalanine in Cereal Products by MEKC-UV Using LC/MS/MS as a Comparative Method
Authors: Valese Andressa Camargo , Vitali Luciano , Fett Roseane , Micke Gustavo Amadeu , de Oliveira Marcone Augusto Leal , Oliveira Costa Ana Carolina 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a new and fast micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) method for the determination of phenylalanine in cereal samples. The background electrolyte was chosen by a factorial design and was composed of 30 mmol/L phosphoric acid, 100 mmol/L sodium dodecyl sulfate, and 25% methanol (v/v) at pH 1.9. A fused silica capillary (48.5 cm total length × 8.5 cm effective length × 50 μm id × 375 μm od) was used in a short-end injection configuration, and direct UV detection was at 200 nm. The method was validated following the Eurachem guidelines, and values such as linearity (from 10.1 to 40.4 mg/L); recovery (86.8–103.9%); repeatability (0.06–0.22% for migration time and 1.14–4.82% for peak area); reproducibility (0.04–0.61% for migration time and 2.22–5.72% for peak area); and LOD and LOQ of 20 and 60 mg/100 g, respectively, were obtained. After the comparison involving selectivity and accuracy between capillary electrophoresis and LC/MS/MS method, the MEKC-UV method was successfully applied to analysis of phenylalanine in different cereal products.
Detection of Adulterated Vegetable Oils Containing Waste Cooking Oils Based on the Contents and Ratios of Cholesterol, β-Sitosterol, and Campesterol by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Zhao Haixiang , Wang Yongli , Xu Xiuli , Ren Heling , Li Li , Xiang Li , Zhong Weike 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
A simple and accurate authentication method for the detection of adulterated vegetable oils that contain waste cooking oil (WCO) was developed. This method is based on the determination of cholesterol, β-sitosterol, and campesterol in vegetable oils and WCO by GC/MS without any derivatization. A total of 148 samples involving 12 types of vegetable oil and WCO were analyzed. According to the results, the contents and ratios of cholesterol, β-sitosterol, and campesterol were found to be criteria for detecting vegetable oils adulterated with WCO. This method could accurately detect adulterated vegetable oils containing 5% refined WCO. The developed method has been successfully applied to multilaboratory analysis of 81 oil samples. Seventy-five samples were analyzed correctly, and only six adulterated samples could not be detected. This method could not yet be used for detection of vegetable oils adulterated with WCO that are used for frying non-animal foods. It provides a quick method for detecting adulterated edible vegetable oils containing WCO.
Determination of β-N-methylamino-L-alanine, N-(2-aminoethyl)glycine, and 2,4-diaminobutyric acid in Food Products Containing Cyanobacteria by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Single-Laboratory Validation
Authors: Glover W Broc , Baker Teesha C , Murch Susan J , Brown Paula 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
A single-laboratory validation study was completed for the determination of β- N -methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA), N -(2-aminoethyl)glycine (AEG), and 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) in bulk natural health product supplements purchased from a health food store in Canada. BMAA and its isomers were extracted with acid hydrolysis to free analytes from protein association. Acid was removed with the residue evaporated to dryness and reconstituted with derivatization using 6-aminoquinolyl- N - hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate (AccQ-Fluor). Chromatographic separation and detection were achieved using RP ultra-performance LC coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer operated in multiple reaction monitoring mode. Data from biological samples were evaluated for precision and accuracy across different days to ensure repeatability. Accuracy was assessed by spike recovery of biological samples using varying amino acid concentrations, with an average recovery across all samples of 108.6%. The analytical range was found to be 764–0.746 ng/mL prior to derivatization, thereby providing a linear range compatible with potentially widely varying analyte concentrations in commercial health food products. Both the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and U. S. Pharmacopeia definitions were evaluated for determining method limits, with the FDA approach found to be most suitable having an LOD of 0.187 ng/mL and LLOQ of 0.746 ng/mL. BMAA in the collected specimens was detected at concentrations lower than 1 μg/g, while AEG and DAB were found at concentrations as high as 100 μg/g. Finding these analytes, even at low concentrations, has potential public health significance and suggests a need to screen such products prior to distribution. The method described provides a rapid, accurate, and precise method to facilitate that screening process.
Determination of 11 Cannabinoids in Biomass and Extracts of Different Varieties of Cannabis Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Gul Waseem , Gul Shahbaz W , Radwan Mohamed M , Wanas Amira S , Mehmedic Zlatko , Khan Ikhlas I , Sharaf Maged H M , ElSohly Mahmoud A 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
An HPLC single-laboratory validation was performed for the detection and quantification of the 11 major cannabinoids in most cannabis varieties, namely, cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabidiol (CBD), tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), cannabinol (CBN), Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), Δ8- trans-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8-THC), cannabicyclol (CBL), cannabichromene (CBC), and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid-A (THCAA). The analysis was carried out on the biomass and extracts of these varieties. Methanol–chloroform (9:1, v/v) was used for extraction, 4-androstene-3,17-dione was used as the internal standard, and separation was achieved in 22.2 min on a C18 column using a two- step gradient elution. The method was validated for the 11 cannabinoids. The concentration-response relationship of the method indicated a linear relationship between the concentration and peak area with r2 values of &gt;0.99 for all 11 cannabinoids. Method accuracy was determined through a spike study, and recovery ranged from 89.7 to 105.5% with an RSD of 0.19 to 6.32% for CBDA, CBD, THCV, CBN, Δ9-THC, CBL, CBC, and THCAA; recovery was 84.7, 84.2, and 67.7% for the minor constituents, CBGA, CBG, and Δ8-THC, respectively, with an RSD of 2.58 to 4.96%. The validated method is simple, sensitive, and reproducible and is therefore suitable for the detection and quantification of these cannabinoids in different types of cannabis plant materials.
Determination of Myo-Inositol in Infant, Pediatric, and Adult Formulas by Liquid Chromatography-Pulsed Amperometric Detection with Column Switching: Collaborative Study, Final Action 2011.18
Authors: Butler-Thompson Linda D , Jacobs Wesley A , Schimpf Karen J ,   Collaborators:, Austad J , Basumallick L , Bolong W U , Chen L , Christiansen S , Domer C , Ellingson D , Lautenschlager G , Malaviole I , Purachaka S , Wang G , Xong F 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
AOAC First Action Method 2011.18, Myo-Inositol (Free and Bound as Phosphatidylinositol) in Infant and Pediatric Formulas and Adult Nutritionals, was collaboratively studied. With this method free myo-inositol and phosphatidylinositol bound myo-inositol are extracted using two different sample preparation procedures, separated by ion chromatography using a combination of Dionex Carbo Pac PA1 and MA1 columns with column switching, and detected with pulsed amperometry using a gold electrode. Free myo-inositol is extracted from samples with dilute hydrochloric acid and water. Phosphatidylinositol is extracted from samples with chloroform and separated from other fats with silica SPE cartridges. Myo-inositol is then released from the glycerol backbone with concentrated acetic and hydrochloric acids at 120°C. During this collaborative study, nine laboratories from five different countries analyzed blind duplicates of nine infant and pediatric nutritional formulas for both free and phosphatidylinositol bound myo-inositol, and one additional laboratory only completed the free myo-inositol analyses. The method demonstrated acceptable repeatability and reproducibility and met the AOAC Stakeholder Panel on Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals (SPIFAN) Standard Method Performance Requirements (SMPRs®) for free myo-inositol plus phosphatidylinositol bound myo-inositol for all the matrixes analyzed. SMPRs for repeatability were ≤5% RSD at myo-inositol concentrations of 2–68 mg/100 g ready-to-feed (RTF) liquid. SMPRs for reproducibility were ≤8% RSD in products with myo-inositol concentrations ranging from 2 to 68 mg/100 g RTF liquid. During this collaborative study, repeatability RSDs ranged from 0.51 to 3.22%, and RSDs ranged from 2.66 to 7.55% for free myo-inositol plus phosphatidylinositol bound myo-inositol.
Determination of Vitamin B12 in Infant, Adult, and Pediatric Formulas by HPLC-UV and Column Switching: Collaborative Study, Final Action 2011.10
Authors: Butler-Thompson Linda D , Jacobs Wesley A , Schimpf Karen J ,   Collaborators:, Austad J , Chen B , Christiansen S , Domer C , Hostetler G , Labitan D , Liu B , Malaviole I , Marosanović B , Martin F , Mittal A , Oberson J M , Ruosch A , Shen Y , Wang G 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
AOAC First Action Method 2011.10, Vitamin B12 in Infant and Pediatric Formulas and Adult Nutritionals, was collaboratively studied. This method uses a pH 4.5 sodium acetate buffer and potassium cyanide at 105°C to extract and convert all biologically active forms of vitamin B12 present to cyanocobalamin; octylsilyl (C8) or C18 SPE cartridges to purify and concentrate cyanocobalamin; a combination of size-exclusion and RPLC to isolate cyanocobalamin; and visible absorbance at 550 nm to detect and quantitate cyanocobalamin in infant, pediatric, and adult nutritionals with vitamin B12 concentrations greater than 0.025 μg/100 g ready-to-feed (RTF) liquid. During this collaborative study, nine to 11 laboratories from eight different countries analyzed blind duplicates of 12 infant, pediatric, and adult nutritional formulas. Per the AOAC Expert Review Panel (ERP) on Stakeholder Panel on Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals (SPIFAN) Nutrient Methods the method demonstrated acceptable repeatability and reproducibility and met SPIFAN Standard Method Performance Requirements (SMPRs®) for the majority of product matrixes analyzed. Vitamin B12 SPIFAN SMPRs for repeatability were ≤15% RSD at vitamin B12 concentrations of 0.01 μg/100 g RTF liquid and ≤7% RSD at vitamin B12 concentrations of 0.2–5.0 μg/100 g RTF liquid. Vitamin B12 SPIFAN SMPRs for reproducibility were ≤11% RSD in products with vitamin B12 concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 5.0 μg/100 g RTF liquid. During this collaborative study, the RSDr ranged from 2.98 to 9.77%, and the RSDR ranged from 3.54 to 19.5%. During previous single-laboratory validation studies, the method LOQ was estimated to be 0.025 μg/100 g RTF liquid.
Determination of Labeled Fatty Acids Content in Milk Products, Infant Formula, and Adult/Pediatric Nutritional Formula by Capillary Gas Chromatography: Single-Laboratory Validation, First Action 2012.13
Authors: Golay Pierre-Alain , Dong Yan 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The method described is intended for the quantification of all fatty acids, including commercially important groups of fatty acids used for labeling reasons [i. e., trans fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), omega-3, omega-6, and omega-9] and/or individual fatty acids (i. e., linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, ecosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid) in milk products, infant formula, and adult/pediatric nutritional formula. These products often contain milk fat and/or vegetable oils and are supplemented or not supplemented with oils rich in long-chain PUFA. The determination is performed by direct transesterification of ready-to-feed (RTF) liquid concentrate or powder products without prior fat extraction. Single-laboratory validation (SLV) data were submitted to the AOAC Expert Review Panel (ERP) on Nutrient Methods for review at the AOAC Annual Meeting held on September 30 to October 3, 2012, in Las Vegas, NV. The ERP determined that the data reviewed met the Standard Method Performance Requirements (SMPR® 2012.011) set by the AOAC Stakeholder Panel on Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals (SPIFAN) and was approved as an AOAC Official First Action method. The analytical range for SPIFAN samples was between 0.001 and 7.94 g/100 g reconstituted product or RTF liquid. LOQ was estimated as 0.001 g/100 g, while repeatability and intermediate precision were both less than 1.8% RSD above 0.05 g/100 g and &lt;3.5% RSD at 0.005 g/100 g. Recovery values based on spiking experiments at two different levels of linoleic and linolenic acids ranged from 100.0 to 102.9% for three different SPIFAN products. All the parameters evaluated during the SLV were well within the values defined in SMPR 2012.011.