bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and associated variables of post‐dialysis fatigue: Results of a prospective multicentre study
Authors: Bossola Maurizio , Marzetti Emanuele , Di Stasio Enrico , Monteburini Tania , Cenerelli Stefano , Mazzoli Katia , Parodi Emanuele , Sirolli Vittorio , Santarelli Stefano , Ippoliti Fabio , Nebiolo Pier Eugenio , Bonomini Mario , Melatti Roberta , Vulpio Carlo 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimThe study aims to determine prevalence and severity of PDF and to define its associated variables.MethodsIn five haemodialysis units of northern‐centre Italy, patients were regarded to suffer from PDF if they spontaneously offered this complaint when asked the open‐ended question: Do you feel better or worse after dialysis? If worse, please specify in which way. A complaint of fatigue would be probed further with questions directed at its duration, frequency and intensity, allowing creation of a fatigue index of severity (one third of the sum of these three parameters, each rated from 1 to 5). Patients were stratified into three groups according the severity of PDF: 1) score = 0; 2) score = 1–3; 3) score > 3.ResultsWe studied 271 patients: 164 had PDF and 107 did not. PDF patients had significantly longer time of recovery after dialysis (TIRD). TIRD was significantly associated with PDF duration, intensity, and frequency. Patients with PDF were older and had a lower ADL score. At multivariate analysis, PDF was significantly associated with TIRD. In a multivariate model that did not include TIRD, PDF was independently associated with age and ADL. Sixty patients had moderate PDF and 104 had severe PDF. In patients with severe PDF, age and dialytic age were higher, ADL and IADL scores were lower, TIRD was longer and the ultrafiltration rate was lower. At multivariate analysis, PDF severity was independently associated with TIRD. In the model without TIRD, PDF severity was associated with ADL only.ConclusionPost‐dialysis fatigue is frequent and associated with age and ADL. Dialytic variables seem unrelated to PDF.
In Defense of a Probability Based Semantics for Counterfactuals
Authors: Gundersen Lars , Olesen Mads 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn a recent paper Lee Walters criticizes a number of philosophers – including Gundersen – for committing a ‘failure in the argumentative strategy’ when they attempt to amend the standard Lewis semantics for counterfactuals in order to avoid the so‐called principle of Conjunction Conditionalization. In this article we defend a Gundersen‐style probability‐based semantics against Walter's major misgivings: that it is not logically conservative, that it is committed to the Connection Hypothesis, and that it cannot deal satisfactory with irrelevant semi‐factuals.
Lettuce‐produced hepatitis C virus E1E2 heterodimer triggers immune responses in mice and antibody production after oral vaccination
Authors: Clarke Jihong Liu , Paruch Lisa , Dobrica Mihaela‐Olivia , Caras Iuliana , Tucureanu Catalin , Onu Adrian , Ciulean Sonya , Stavaru Crina , Eerde Andre , Wang Yanliang , Steen Hege , Haugslien Sissel , Petrareanu Catalina , Lazar Catalin , Popescu Costin‐Ioan , Bock Ralph , Dubuisson Jean , Branza‐Nichita Norica 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThe hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major etiologic agent for severe liver diseases (e.g. cirrhosis, fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma). Approximately 140 million people have chronic HCV infections and about 500 000 die yearly from HCV‐related liver pathologies. To date, there is no licensed vaccine available to prevent HCV infection and production of a HCV vaccine remains a major challenge. Here, we report the successful production of the HCV E1E2 heterodimer, an important vaccine candidate, in an edible crop (lettuce, Lactuca sativa) using Agrobacterium‐mediated transient expression technology. The wild‐type dimer (E1E2) and a variant without an N‐glycosylation site in the E2 polypeptide (E1E2∆N6) were expressed, and appropriate N‐glycosylation pattern and functionality of the E1E2 dimers were demonstrated. The humoral immune response induced by the HCV proteins was investigated in mice following oral administration of lettuce antigens with or without previous intramuscular prime with the mammalian HEK293T cell‐expressed HCV dimer. Immunization by oral feeding only resulted in development of weak serum levels of anti‐HCV IgM for both antigens; however, the E1E2∆N6 proteins produced higher amounts of secretory IgA, suggesting improved immunogenic properties of the N‐glycosylation mutant. The mice group receiving the intramuscular injection followed by two oral boosts with the lettuce E1E2 dimer developed a systemic but also a mucosal immune response, as demonstrated by the presence of anti‐HCV secretory IgA in faeces extracts. In summary, our study demonstrates the feasibility of producing complex viral antigens in lettuce, using plant transient expression technology, with great potential for future low‐cost oral vaccine development.
Cultural Penetration and Punctuated Policy Change: Explaining the Evolution of U.S. Energy Policy
Authors: Fowler Luke , Neaves Tonya T. , Terman Jessica N. , Cosby Arthur G. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPunctuated equilibrium theory (PET) suggests that the policy process is characterized by long periods of incremental change and short periods of punctuated change. The impetus for the latter is usually a focusing event that breaks open policy monopolies, allowing for major changes in legislative decision making. While a burgeoning body of literature, a shortcoming in the PET literature is that it has yet to explain why focusing events and subsequent breakdowns in policy monopolies sometimes fail to result in punctuated policy. We integrate theories on cultural change with punctuated equilibrium to explain why focusing events do not always result in the dramatic policy changes that we might expect. Specifically, we use the context of national energy policy and the lexical database, Google Ngram Viewer, to trace punctuating energy‐related events and the occurrence or lack thereof subsequent policy change from 1952 to 2000.
Heterogeneity and Geography of the World Trade Collapses of the 1930s and 2000s
Authors: van Bergeijk Peter A.G. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis paper analyses drivers of imports during the major world trade collapses of the Great Depression (1930s; 34 countries) and the Great Recession (2000s; 173 countries). The dependent variable is the peak to trough distance of the volume of imports in the first year and 3‐year‐period of these episodes, respectively. The paper develops a succinct empirical model that shows a significant impact of the peak to peak distance of GDP, the share of manufacturing goods in total imports and the political system. The 3‐year‐period distance for the volume of imports is significantly different for the 1930s and 2000s, but this is not the case for the 1st year of the two trade collapses. Importantly, the analysis uncovers significant heterogeneity with respect to regions.
Planar Matchings for Weighted Straight Skeletons
Authors: Biedl Therese , Huber Stefan , Palfrader Peter 
Published: April 2017

We introduce planar matchings on directed pseudo-line arrangements, which yield a planar set of pseudo-line segments such that only matching-partners are adjacent. By translating the planar matching problem into a corresponding stable roommates problem we show that such matchings always exist. Using our new framework, we establish, for the first time, a complete, rigorous definition of weighted straight skeletons, which are based on a so-called wavefront propagation process. We present a generalized and unified approach to treat structural changes in the wavefront that focuses on the restoration of weak planarity by finding planar matchings.
A produção de cultura urbana: práticas espaciais e imaginários em disputa
Authors: Colosso Paolo 
Published: April 2017

Trata-se de uma resenha do Livro de Arte, Cultura e Cidade: aspectos estético políticos contemporâneos, de autoria da professora da FAUUSP Vera Pallamin, publicado no fim de 2015. A resenha visa reconstituir os pontos centrais da obra, evidenciando suas contribuições para os debates da estética e teoria da arquitetura contemporâneas, bem como para as práticas urbanas recentes.
Range of Risk Factor Levels
Authors: Rawshani Aidin , Rawshani Araz , Franzén Stefan , Eliasson Björn , Svensson Ann-Marie , Miftaraj Mervete , McGuire Darren K. , Sattar Naveed , Rosengren Annika , Gudbjörnsdottir Soffia 
Published: April 2017

Background:
Individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) have a high risk of cardiovascular complications, but it is unknown to what extent fulfilling all cardiovascular treatment goals is associated with residual risk of mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in those with T1DM compared with the general population.

Methods:
We included all patients ≥18 years of age with T1DM who were registered in the Swedish National Diabetes Register from January 1, 1998, through December 31, 2014, a total of 33 333 patients, each matched for age and sex with 5 controls without diabetes mellitus randomly selected from the population. Patients with T1DM were categorized according to number of risk factors not at target: glycohemoglobin, blood pressure, albuminuria, smoking, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Risk of all-cause mortality, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure hospitalization, and stroke was examined in relation to the number of risk factors at target.

Results:
The mean follow-up was 10.4 years in the diabetes group. Overall, 2074 of 33 333 patients with diabetes mellitus and 4141 of 166 529 controls died. Risk for all outcomes increased stepwise for each additional risk factor not at target. Adjusted hazard ratios for patients achieving all risk factor targets compared with controls were 1.31 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.93–1.85) for all-cause mortality, 1.82 (95% CI, 1.15–2.88) for acute myocardial infarction, 1.97 (95% CI, 1.04–3.73) for heart failure hospitalization, and 1.17 (95% CI, 0.51–2.68) for stroke. The hazard ratio for patients versus controls with none of the risk factors meeting target was 7.33 (95% CI, 5.08–10.57) for all-cause mortality, 12.34 (95% CI, 7.91–19.48) for acute myocardial infarction, 15.09 (95% CI, 9.87–23.09) for heart failure hospitalization, and 12.02 (95% CI, 7.66–18.85) for stroke.

Conclusions:
A steep-graded association exists between decreasing number of cardiovascular risk factors at target and major adverse cardiovascular outcomes among patients with T1DM. However, risks for all outcomes were numerically higher for patients with T1DM compared with controls, even when all risk factors were at target, with risk for acute myocardial infarction and heart failure hospitalization statistically significantly higher.
André Bazin, le cinéma et l’historiographie française
Authors: Cortade Ludovic 
Published: April 2017

Résumé Cet article analyse l’influence exercée par l’historiographie française sur la conception du cinéma développée par André Bazin. Sur la base de documents d’archives et de l’analyse de ses textes critiques, il s’agit de mettre en évidence la façon dont le critique est influencé par l’historiographie de Lavisse lorsqu’il commente les films à la fois sous l’angle de l’unité et de l’identité nationales. L’analyse fait cependant apparaître que Bazin est avant tout un héritier de l’École des Annales, ce qu’il manifeste en s’intéressant aux mentalités, ainsi qu’au « temps long » et aux résurgences du passé, tout en reprenant l’intérêt manifesté par March Bloch et Lucien Febvre pour la géographie et la géologie.
‘The NCEPOD Method’ – How the National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death designs and delivers national clinical outcome review programmes
Authors: Mason Marisa 
Published: April 2017

Introduction This publication describes the method used by the National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death (NCEPOD) to run confidential enquiries. With its history based around the review of surgical mortality, NCEPOD has now grown into a medical as well as surgical review and expanded its remit to review overall quality of care of all patients. Methods and analysis The work will describe the qualitative method used by NCEPOD to conduct a national confidential enquiry, starting with how a topic is selected through to report production. Covering all hospitals in the UK and using a network of local contacts, NCEPOD reviews a sample of cases from each hospital and provides in-depth multidisciplinary peer review to give a national picture on the quality of care provided. The peer review data collected is underpinned by quantitative data collected using questionnaires, and all analyses are undertaken using pivot tables in Excel. The paper will highlight the strengths, limitations and challenges of this qualitative method. Ethics and dissemination NCEPOD does not interact directly with patients and therefore does not require ethics approval. NCEPOD does, however, gain approvals through the relevant regulations in all UK countries to collect identifiable or anonymised data without consent. Conclusion The paper will be useful for those who need a reference document for the general approach to enquiries that NCEPOD now uses. It could also be read by those who would like to undertake their own local enquiry and would like a method to base it on.
SOCIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CURRENT STATE OF THE LABORATORY PHASE OF PROVIDING DENTAL ORTHOPEDIC TREATMENT TO THE POPULATION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE IRKUTSK REGION)
Authors: ��������  , Fedchishin Nikita , �����  , Kitsul Igor 
Published: April 2017

Key problems of the dental laboratories in public health sector include insufficient material and technical equipment,
weakly theoretically and practically trained personnel and often a mismatch between the structure and organization
of the laboratories themselves and modern requirements. To improve the functioning of the dental service, the actual
problem remains the laboratory phase of providing dental orthopedic treatment to the population, which has an extremely
important medical and organizational value in the quality assurance of orthopedic treatment and achievement
of optimal final result. Until not distributed modern technology, they are not accessible to the majority of the population.
Low competition in the field of high-tech prosthetics causes a high cost. The lag in manufacturing technologies and
professional development leads to lowering the quality of public assistance, often inefficient and low-quality dental
prosthetics, further enhances the problem, increases the level of need in dental orthopedic care for most of the population
using the services of the state dentistry.
PECULIARITIES OF TOPOGRAPHIC ANATOMY AND CRYPT COMPARTMENT OF DISTAL COLON IN WISTAR RATS
Authors: �������  , Shedoeva Lyudmila , �������  , Fadeeva Tatyana , ��������  , Lepekhova Svetlana , ���������  , Goldberg Oleg , ���  , Kim Andrey , ������  , Koval Elena , �������  , Chashkova Elena 
Published: April 2017

We studied distal colon of Wistar rats including descending transverse colon and rectum. Feature of distal colon in the
left flexure are short mesenterium growing in size towards rectum, common mesenterium with small intestine attached
to it on the right side and ligament forming left flexure and attached to it on the left side. It was found that one of the
variants of normal blood supply is the absence of a. mesenterica caudalis. In this case blood supply comes from arterial
arch formed by a. rectalis media and a. colica media. Moreover, in the classic variant of blood supply we revealed a
variation in the amount of straight branches that go to this segment of colon wall from left colic and superior rectal
arteries (from 3 to 5 from each artery).
The structural features of rectum is weak expression of rectal ampulla that causes the depletion of fecal masses immediately
after passing into rectum. Crypt compartment of colon of Wistar rats consists by 80,6 % of obligatory flora
represented with Bacteroides ssp., Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Enterococcus faecalis, E. coli (lac+), Grampositive
rods. Facultative flora is represented with Proteus mirabilis, Peptococcus spp., Candida spp., Staphylococcus
epidermidis, Citrobacter freundii and makes 19,4 %.
FEATURES OF REACTION OF COAGULATION HEMOSTASIS IN CHILDREN WITH PNEUMONIA
Authors: Скударнов  , Skudarnov Evgeniy , Дорохов  , Dorokhov Nikolay , Антропов  , Antropov Denis 
Published: April 2017

The article presents data from a study of 161 child with pneumonia. Two groups of patients with uncomplicated pneumonia
and pneumonia with pleural pulmonary complication were formed. The study of coagulation hemostasis was realized
in the studied groups. It was found that in children with uncomplicated pneumonia levels of SFMC and D-dimer were
significantly higher than in normal conditions that indicates activation of coagulation hemostasis. When complicated by
pneumonia hemostasis matches the current intravascular coagulation: thrombocytosis, increased levels of fibrinogen, hypoor
hypercoagulation on aPTT, changing TV thrombinemia (SFMC is 5 times higher than normal), and increased level of
D-dimer, inhibition of fibrinolysis, which indicates more pronounced activation of coagulation in children with pneumonia.
REGULARITIES OF STRUCTURAL-CELLULAR STRUCTURE OF OVARIES IN ONTOGENESIS
Authors: Высоцкий  , Vysotskiy Yuriy , Бородина  , Borodina Galina , Тимофеева  , Timofeeva Evgeniya , Лопатина  , Lopatina Svetlana 
Published: April 2017

The article presents the examination of the ovaries of embryos, ovaries of human feti and ovaries of children of the tender
age. The researches revealed the increase of the surface of follicles, nucleus and primary oocyte’s cytoplasm that tells
about the fact that further follicular maturation continues in the ovaries of a child of 2–4 months old. Also we registered
the increase of nuclear cytoplasmic ratio, appearance of single mature follicles with cumulus oophorus that testifies to
the fact that the ovary is functionally mature. Furthermore the research revealed increased content of lipids and DNA in
follicular epithelium that also tells about functional maturity of the ovary. It was found that incretory activity of an ovary
during the first year of life is provided by the cells originated from the connective tissue membrane of atresic follicles.
Managing problems with medications for type 2 diabetes
Authors: Morris David 
Published: April 2017

Matching the right treatment for type 2 diabetes to the right patient is vital. David Morris examines the factors that determine which medications should be used in which cases, as well as the best ways to avoid or mitigate potential side effects The most recent National Institue for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and European Association for the Study of Diabetes guidelines on management of type 2 diabetes ( NICE, 2015 ; Inzucchi et al, 2015 ) emphasise the need to individualise glycemic targets and treatments, and highlight that working in partnership with the person concerned should be central to decision making. In addition to assessing the likely efficacy of a treatment, consideration should be given to tolerability and safety. The possibility of medication problems and side-effects needs to be anticipated and if a medication is chosen then a means for identifying and dealing with these should be considered in advance. Most adverse drug reactions are predictable and dose-dependent, the exception being allergic reactions. This article will consider problems arising with medications used for type 2 diabetes, excluding insulin.
The introduction of the HPV primary screening programme
Authors: Kothari Aine 
Published: April 2017

Screening for Human Papilloma Virus is to be included as a primary test in the English cervical screening programme. Aine Kothari outlines the background behind this decision as well as the benefits for patients and healthcare professionals Women aged 25-49 (24½ in England) are invited for cervical screening (previously referred to as a smear test) every three years and screening is undertaken every five years in women aged 50-64. Cervical screening can detect early changes in cervical cells, which if left undetected and untreated could lead to cancer of cervix. 99.9% of cervical cancers are caused by Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). Plans are in place to implement HPV primary screening into the cervical screening programme. HPV primary screening involves testing all cervical samples for HPV and undertaking cytology only on samples that are HPV positive. The decision to implement HPV primary screening in the cervical screening programme follows on from the report of the ARTISTIC Trial. This article discusses the background to the introduction of HPV primary screening.
The Hippo Pathway Maintains the Equatorial Division Plane in the CiliateTetrahymena
Authors: Jiang Yu-Yang , Maier Wolfgang , Baumeister Ralf , Minevich Gregory , Joachimiak Ewa , Ruan Zheng , Kannan Natarajan , Clarke Diamond , Frankel Joseph , Gaertig Jacek 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe mechanisms governing organelle pattern formation in ciliates are still poorly understood. Jiang et al. investigate how the cell duplicates its....The mechanisms that govern pattern formation within the cell are poorly understood. Ciliates carry on their surface an elaborate pattern of cortical organelles that are arranged along the anteroposterior and circumferential axes by largely unknown mechanisms. Ciliates divide by tandem duplication: the cortex of the predivision cell is remodeled into two similarly sized and complete daughters. In the conditional cdaI-1 mutant of Tetrahymena thermophila, the division plane migrates from its initially correct equatorial position toward the cell’s anterior, resulting in unequal cell division, and defects in nuclear divisions and cytokinesis. We used comparative whole genome sequencing to identify the cause of cdaI-1 as a mutation in a Hippo/Mst kinase. CdaI is a cortical protein with a cell cycle-dependent, highly polarized localization. Early in cell division, CdaI marks the anterior half of the cell, and later concentrates at the posterior end of the emerging anterior daughter. Despite the strong association of CdaI with the new posterior cell end, the cdaI-1 mutation does not affect the patterning of the new posterior cortical organelles. We conclude that, in Tetrahymena, the Hippo pathway maintains an equatorial position of the fission zone, and, by this activity, specifies the relative dimensions of the anterior and posterior daughter cell.
Hybrid perovskite solar cells: In situ investigation of solution-processed PbI2 reveals metastable precursors and a pathway to producing porous thin films
Authors: Barrit Dounya , Sheikh Arif D. , Munir Rahim , Barbé Jérémy M. , Li Ruipeng , Smilgies Detlef-M. , Amassian Aram 
Published: April 2017

Abstract