bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical properties of nonwoven and woven felted fabrics
Authors: Kistamah Naraindra , Hes Lubos , Rajmun Khandini 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The use of nonwoven fabrics in garment has been, up to now, purely functional and hidden from view. In fact, their uses have been limited to garment interlining in the apparel industry. Felted structures from wool have been limited to the craft market for the production of art and craft objects of decoration. This paper aims to compare the mechanical and thermo-physical comfort properties of a woven wool, a felted wool fabric, a felted wool/polyester and two non-woven synthetic fabrics for apparel use.

Design/methodology/approach
Fabric samples were sourced locally. Five fabric samples were selected: one woolen woven, one felted woven, one polyester/wool non-woven and two non-woven synthetic fabrics. The wool fabric was felted by mechanical action using the Wascator FOM 71P machine. All fabric samples were conditioned before they were tested for their mechanical and thermal comfort properties as per standard test methods.

Findings
The comparative study of the mechanical and thermal properties of the five fabric samples have been successfully investigated as textile materials for commercial garments. In terms of fabric stiffness, drape and handle, the two non-woven synthetic fabrics were, in general, poorer than the woven wool and the felted woven wool fabrics. The synthetic non-woven fabrics also performed poorly in terms of serviceability. But it was found that the nonwoven synthetic fabrics were best suited when thermal insulation is required and were found to be better than the woven felted wool fabric of comparative weight per unit area.

Originality/value
The value of this study is that it demonstrates the scope of felted woolen structures and other synthetic nonwovens fabrics as usable materials, in part or in full, in the development of apparel for winter wear especially in cold environments and where aesthetic appeal is secondary.
Part 1
Authors: Ganguly Debojyoti , Mondal Chanchal , Roy Choudhury Asim Kumar 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
In recent times, wool- and silk-blended fabrics are popular for creating glamourous products. Silk is blended to wool for creating more lustrous effect and to impart strength; on the other hand, wool is responsible for resilience, softness and warmth properties. Chemically both the fibres are protein-based, but the amount of amino acids is different. Due to this, the dye absorption behaviours of the two fibres from the same dye-bath are different. Wool is become darker than the silk fibre, if both the fibres are dyed together in a single bath dyeing process.

Design/methodology/approach
Here the wool fibres are first pre-treated with a commercial synthetic tanning agent (syntan) Mesitol HWS at three different pH values of 2.2, 3.2 and 4.2 and at three different concentrations: 5, 10 and 15 per cent. Then the syntan pre-treated wool fibres are dyed together with silk fibres maintaining the blend ratio as 80:20 by Telon Red MR, Telon Yellow M4GL and Telon Blue MRLW with sodium sulphate at three different concentrations of 10, 20 and 30 per cent.

Findings
The dye absorbency of the syntan-treated wool fibres decreased with increase in syntan concentration, whereas the colour strength of silk fibres increased. The resist effectiveness of wool fibres is increased from 6 to 59 per cent with increase of syntan concentration. So after the dyeing process, the colour strength of syntan-treated wool fibres are almost same with the colour strength of silk fibres. The washing fastness of the samples is improved, and wash fastness behaviour of both wool and silk fibres is almost same.

Originality/value
This paper gives an idea about the one bath dyeing process of wool- and silk-blended fabrics to achieve solid dyeing effect.
Understorey plant community composition reflects invasion history decades after invasive Rhododendron has been removed
Authors: Maclean Janet E. , Mitchell Ruth J. , Burslem David F. R. P. , Genney David , Hall Jeanette , Pakeman Robin J. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

A growing awareness of the destructive effects of non‐native invasive species has led to a massive increase in removal programmes around the world. However, little is generally known about what happens to sites following the removal of the invasives and the implicit assumption that the native community will return, unaided, to pre‐invasion conditions is often left untested.

We assessed recovery of the native understorey plant community following removal of the non‐native invasive Rhododendron ponticum L. from Scottish Atlantic oak woodland. We recorded understorey community composition in sites covering a gradient of increasing R. ponticum density, and across a separate series of sites covering a chronosequence of time since R. ponticum removal. We then compared both of these series to the target community found in uninvaded sites. We also analysed differences in soil chemistry between the sites to test for chemical legacy effects of invasion in the soil.

Native understorey cover declined as R. ponticum density increased, with bryophytes dropping to less than a third of the cover present in uninvaded sites and forbs and grasses being completely extirpated under dense stands.

Cleared sites showed no evidence of returning to the target community, even after 30 years of recovery, and instead formed a bryophyte‐dominated “novel community,” containing few of the typical oak woodland vascular plants.

Contrary to expectation, soil pH, C:N ratio and nutrient concentrations (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) were not affected by the invasion of R. ponticum, and chemical legacy effects in the soil were not responsible for the failure of the native community to revert to pre‐invasion conditions. Instead, we hypothesise that the rapid formation of a bryophyte mat, coupled with the often substantial distances to potential seed sources, hindered vascular plant recolonisation.

Synthesis and applications. Clear evidence of invasion history can be detected in the understorey plant community even decades after the successful removal of the invasive Rhododendron ponticum L. This finding demonstrates that native communities may be unable to recover effectively of their own accord following invasive species removal, and will require further management interventions in order to achieve restoration goals.
Back to Hegel? On Gillian Rose's critique of sociological reason
Authors: Fuller Brian W. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThirty‐five years ago, Gillian Rose articulated a significant critique of classical sociological reason, emphasizing its relationship to its philosophical forebears. In a series of works, but most significantly in her Hegel contra Sociology, Rose worked to specify the implications of sociology's failure, both in its critical Marxist and its ‘scientific’ forms, to move beyond Kant and to fully come to terms with the thought of Hegel. In this article, I unpack and explain the substance of her criticisms, developing the necessary Hegelian philosophical background on which she founded them. I argue that Rose's attempted recuperation of ‘speculative reason’ for social theory remains little understood, despite its continued relevance to contemporary debates concerning the nature and scope of sociological reason. As an illustration, I employ Rose to critique Chernilo's recent call for a more philosophically sophisticated sociology. From the vantage point of Rose, this particular account of a ‘philosophical sociology’ remains abstract and rooted in the neo‐Kantian contradictions that continue to characterize sociology.
A Molecular Method to Detect Wound Cells in Bloodstains Resultant of Sharp Force Injuries for Crime Scene Reconstruction
Authors: Johnson Donald J. , Raymond David E. , Chen Cynthia , Quon Matthew , Lis Julian , Choi Mo Re , Lopez Christopher , Han Aileen , de Leon Ray D. , Bir Cynthia 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPrevious research by the authors on an animal model showed that bloodstains can contain additional information about their somatic origin in the form of wound cells. Bloodstains produced by a gunshot wound to the head were distinguished from bloodstains produced by a gunshot wound to the chest by testing the stains for a brain microRNA marker. In this study, the effectiveness of the technique was examined on blood drops shed externally from a stab wound to the liver of rat carcasses. Specifically, investigations were conducted on the liver microRNA marker, rno‐mir‐122‐3p, with the QIAGEN miScript System, and PCR analysis. Between the two stabbing methods used, 67% of the scalpel blades and 57% of the blood drops tested positive for rno‐mir‐122‐3p; however, other samples tested negative giving inconclusive results as to the wound‐of‐origin. The amount of the liver cells in the bloodstains appeared to be related to the extent of trauma.
Sex Estimation from Human Cranium: Forensic and Anthropological Interest of Maxillary Sinus Volumes
Authors: Radulesco Thomas , Michel Justin , Mancini Julien , Dessi Patrick , Adalian Pascal 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSex estimation is a key objective of forensic science. We aimed to establish whether maxillary sinus volumes (MSV) could assist in estimating an individual's sex. One hundred and three CT scans were included. MSV were determined using three‐dimensional reconstructions. Two observers performed three‐dimensional MSV reconstructions using the same methods. Intra‐ and interobserver reproducibility were statistically compared using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (α = 5%). Both intra‐ and interobserver reproducibility were perfect regarding MSV; both ICCs were 100%. There were no significant differences between right and left MSV (p = 0.083). No correlation was found between age and MSV (p > 0.05). We demonstrated the existence of sexual dimorphism in MSV (p < 0.001) and showed that MSV measurements gave a 68% rate of correct allocations to sex group. MSV measurements could be useful to support sex estimation in forensic medicine.
Effects of the Maillard Reaction on the Immunoreactivity of Amandin in Food Matrices
Authors: Chhabra Guneet S. , Liu Changqi , Su Mengna , Venkatachalam Mahesh , Roux Kenneth H. , Sathe Shridhar K. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAmandin is the major storage protein and allergen in almond seeds. Foods, containing almonds, subjected to thermal processing typically experience Maillard browning reaction. The resulting destruction of amino groups, protein glycation, and/or denaturation may alter amandin immunoreactivity. Amandin immunoreactivity of variously processed almond containing foods was therefore the focus of the current investigation. Commercial and laboratory prepared foods, including those likely to have been subjected to Maillard browning, were objectively assessed by determining Hunter L*, a*, b* values. The L* values for the tested samples were in the range of 31.75 to 85.28 consistent with Maillard browning. Three murine monoclonal antibodies, 4C10, 4F10, and 2A3, were used to determine the immunoreactivity of the targeted samples using immunoassays (ELISA, Western blot, dot blot). The tested foods did not exhibit cross‐reactivity indicating that the immunoassays were amandin specific. For sandwich ELISAs, ratio (R) of sample immunoreactivity to reference immunoreactivity was calculated. The ranges of R values were 0.67 to 15.19 (4C10), 1.00 to 11.83 (4F10), and 0.77 to 23.30 (2A3). The results of dot blot and Western blot were consistent with those of ELISAs. Results of these investigations demonstrate that amandin is a stable marker protein for almond detection regardless of the degree of amandin denaturation and/or destruction as a consequence of Maillard reaction encountered under the tested processing conditions.Practical ApplicationFoods containing almond are often subjected to processing prior to consumption. Amandin, the major allergen in almond, may experience Maillard reaction. Understanding the change in amandin immunoreactivity as a result of Maillard reaction is important for amandin detection and production of hypoallergenic food products.
Anthocyanins of Jambolão (Syzygium cumini): Extraction and pH‐Dependent Color Changes
Authors: do Carmo Brito Brenda de Nazaré , da Silva Pena Rosinelson , Santos Lopes Alessandra , Campos Chisté Renan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractJambolão fruits are promising sources of anthocyanins, and in this study, the jambolão fruit from the Brazilian Amazonian region was characterized and the efficiency of six ethanol‐based solutions to extract anthocyanins was determined. Moreover, the color changes of anthocyanin extracts, as influenced by different pH conditions (pH from 1.0 to 8.0), were evaluated. The fruits exhibited high contents of total anthocyanins (296 mg/100 g) and the CIELAB parameters characterized jambolão as a purple‐red colored fruit (a* = 20.30, b* = −4.17, and = 348.39). Among the six different ethanol‐based solutions, ethanol 95% with 1% of HCl (v/v) was the most efficient solution to extract anthocyanins from jambolão fruits. Furthermore, the CIELAB parameters were characterized as useful tool to monitor the color changes of anthocyanins of jambolão over the tested pH range. Therefore, jambolão fruits from Amazonian region have technological potential for the application by food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.Practical ApplicationJambolão fruits are great source of anthocyanins and the incorporation of these natural pigments as food colorants is not only valuable to improve overall appearance, but it is also beneficial to human health. The production of natural extracts with high levels of anthocyanins from jambolão can be considered a very useful approach to the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
Tailoring an Alcohol Intervention for American Indian Alaska Native Women of Childbearing Age: Listening to the Community
Authors: Montag Annika C. , Dusek Marlené L. , Ortega Marina L. , Camp‐Mazzetti Alexandrea , Calac Dan J. , Chambers Christina D. 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundReduction of risky drinking in women of childbearing age is 1 strategy that may be employed to prevent fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, a sequela of prenatal alcohol exposure. Communities differ in risk and protective factors, necessitating culturally informed interventions for maximal efficacy. This article describes the modification of an existing web‐based screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment intervention to reduce risky drinking among American Indian Alaska Native (AIAN) women of childbearing age in Southern California into a peer‐to‐peer–based intervention using motivational interviewing (MI).MethodsThe modification process was iterative and included various community focus groups, interviews, and a final review.ResultsIntervention modification was required for cultural congruence. Components of the peer‐to‐peer intervention designed by this project included a flip chart used to guide the motivational interviewing, charts of the financial and physical costs of alcohol consumption, revised baseline and follow‐up questionnaires, and guidance regarding the application of MI techniques.ConclusionsThis study may inform the modification of future interventions among AIAN communities.
Local allergic rhinitis is an independent rhinitis phenotype: The results of a 10‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Rondon C. , Campo P. , Eguiluz‐Gracia I. , Plaza C. , Bogas G. , Galindo P. , Mayorga C. , Torres M. J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe knowledge about the natural history of local allergic rhinitis (LAR) is limited. One unmet question is to demonstrate whether LAR should be considered the first step in the development of allergic rhinitis (AR) or an independent phenotype. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the natural history of a population with LAR, the potential conversion to AR with systemic atopy and the development of asthma during 10 years.MethodsThis is the second phase of a 10‐year follow‐up study of a cohort of 176 patients with LAR of recent onset and 115 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls prospectively evaluated from 2005 to 2016. Clinical‐demographic questionnaire, spirometry, skin prick test and specific IgE were evaluated yearly. Nasal allergen provocation tests (NAPT) with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Alternaria alternata, Olea europaea and grass pollen were performed at baseline, and after 5 and 10 years.ResultsAfter 10‐year LAR, patients experienced a significant and clinically relevant worsening of the rhinitis, with increase in emergency assistance, development of asthma, loss of allergen tolerance and impairment of the quality of life. This worsening became significant after 5 years and progressed throughout 10 years. A similar rate of development of AR with systemic atopy was detected in patients and controls (9.7% vs 7.8%, log‐rank P=.623). In 5 patients, conversion to systemic atopy occurred >10 years (3%).ConclusionsLAR is a well‐differentiated clinical entity with a low rate of development of systemic atopy, a natural evolution towards worsening and a risk factor for suffering asthma.
Neural breathing pattern in newborn infants pre‐ and postextubation
Authors: Iyer Narayan P. , Dickson John , Ruiz Michelle E. , Chatburn Robert , Beck Jennifer , Sinderby Chister , Rodriguez Ricardo J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimTo describe the neural breathing pattern before and after extubation in newborn infants.MethodsProspective, observational study. In infants deemed ready for extubation, the diaphragm electrical activity (EAdi) was continuously recorded from 30 minute before to two hours after extubation.ResultsTotal of 25 neonates underwent 29 extubations; 10 extubations resulted in re‐intubation within 72 hours. Postextubation, there was an increase in peak EAdi (EAdi‐max) and EAdi‐delta (peak minus minimum EAdi) in both groups. The pre‐ to postextubation change in EAdi‐max (8.9–11.1 μv) and EAdi‐delta (6–8 μv) was less in the failure group in comparison with the change in EAdi‐max (10.2–13.4 μv) and EAdi‐delta (6.3–10.6 μv) in the success group, (p = 0.02 and 0.01, respectively).ConclusionIn our neonatal cohort, extubation failure was associated with a smaller increase in peak and delta EAdi after extubation. If confirmed, these findings indicate an important cause of extubation failure in preterm infants.
Population pharmacokinetics of the MEK inhibitor selumetinib and its active N‐desmethyl metabolite: data from 10 phase I trials
Authors: Patel Parul , Howgate Eleanor , Martin Paul , Carlile David J. , Aarons Leon , Zhou Diansong 
Published: August 2017

AimsThe aims of the study were to characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK) of selumetinib (AZD6244; ARRY‐142886), a mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) 1/2 inhibitor in clinical development for various indications, and its N‐desmethyl metabolite in healthy volunteers, and evaluate clinically important covariates.MethodsA pooled‐population PK analysis was performed using a nonlinear mixed‐effects approach with plasma concentration data from 346 subjects who received single oral doses of selumetinib 20–75 mg across 10 phase I studies. Absolute bioavailability was determined using intravenous [14C] selumetinib.ResultsA two‐compartment linear model with sequential zero‐first order absorption and a lag time for the zero‐order process was described for selumetinib PK. N‐desmethyl metabolite disposition was described by a single compartment with linear elimination, without back transformation. The parent‐only and joint models generally described pooled data adequately. For the median subject, not taking interacting drugs, estimates for clearance (CL) and central volume of distribution (V2) for selumetinib in the final joint model were 12.7 l h–1 and 35.6 l, respectively. Food effects, comedication with itraconazole [a cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 inhibitor], fluconazole (a CYP2C19 inhibitor) and rifampicin (a CYP3A4 inducer) and formulation effects were incorporated into the base model a priori. Race and hepatic function were also influential in the PK model. Additional covariates affecting selumetinib disposition identified from covariate analysis were age on V2, bilirubin on CL, and weight on CL and V2.ConclusionsAnalysis confirmed previous clinical pharmacology study findings of drug–drug interactions and food effects, with additional covariates that influence selumetinib and N‐desmethyl selumetinib PK identified. Dose modifications based on these additional covariates were not considered necessary.
Mixed state and suicide: Is the effect of mixed state on suicidal behavior more than the sum of its parts?
Authors: Persons Jane E , Coryell William H , Solomon David A , Keller Martin B , Endicott Jean , Fiedorowicz Jess G 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveTo assess whether suicidal behavior during mixed states exceeds that expected from the manic or depressive components alone.MethodsThis study included 429 participants with bipolar disorder from the National Institute of Mental Health Collaborative Depression Study (CDS). Mood and suicidal behavior were captured using the Longitudinal Interval Follow‐up Evaluation and the Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia. Suicidal behavior during each mood state, relative to euthymia, was analyzed using Cox regression to allow for repeated events, with a frailty term to account for intra‐participant correlation. Mixed states were modeled as a depression‐by‐mania interaction.ResultsIndividuals with a history of mixed states were at higher risk of suicidal behavior and spent more time depressed, compared to subjects with no such history. In bipolar I disorder, risk increased during episodes of mania (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.28‐2.99, P = .0019) and depression (HR: 5.49, 95% CI: 4.01‐7.51, P < .0001) and there was a less than additive effect of mixed states. In bipolar II disorder, risk was increased during episodes of depression (HR: 3.66, 95% CI: 2.51‐5.35, P < .0001) and there was no excess risk during mixed states beyond that attributable to the depressed component. Most of the excess risk (71%) among those with a history of mixed states was attributable to a depression predominant course of illness.ConclusionsIndividuals with mixed states are at high risk of suicidal behavior, largely due to more time spent depressed. Clinicians should aggressively treat depression to mitigate suicide risk for patients with or without mixed states.
Shame and HIV: Strategies for addressing the negative impact shame has on public health and diagnosis and treatment of HIV
Authors: Hutchinson Phil , Dhairyawan Rageshri 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThere are five ways in which shame might negatively impact upon our attempts to combat and treat HIV.

Shame can prevent an individual from disclosing all the relevant facts about their sexual history to the clinician.
Shame can be a motivational factor in people living with HIV not engaging with or being retained in care.
Shame can prevent individuals from presenting at clinics for STI and HIV testing.
Shame can prevent an individual from disclosing their HIV (or STI) status to new sexual partners.
Shame can serve to psychologically imprison people, it makes the task of living with HIV a far more negative experience than it should, or needs to, be.
Drawing on recent philosophical work on shame, and more broadly on work in the philosophy and psychology of emotion, we (a.) propose a framework for understanding how shame operates upon those who experience the emotion, (b.) propose a strategy for combatting the negative role shame plays in the fight against HIV, and (c) suggest further study so as to identify the tactics that might be employed in pursuing the strategy here proposed.