bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roles of Hcp family proteins in the pathogenesis of the porcine extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli type VI secretion system
Authors: Peng Ying , Wang Xiangru , Shou Jin , Zong Bingbing , Zhang Yanyan , Tan Jia , Chen Jing , Hu Linlin , Zhu Yongwei , Chen Huanchun , Tan Chen 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHcp (hemolysin-coregulated protein) is considered a vital component of the functional T6SS (Type VI Secretion System), which is a newly discovered secretion system. Our laboratory has previously sequenced the whole genome of porcine extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) strain PCN033, and identified an integrated T6SS encoding three different hcp family genes. In this study, we first identified a functional T6SS in porcine ExPEC strain PCN033, and demonstrated that the Hcp family proteins were involved in bacterial competition and the interactions with other cells. Interestingly, the three Hcp proteins had different functions. Hcp2 functioned predominantly in bacterial competition; all three proteins were involved in the colonization of mice; and Hcp1 and Hcp3 were predominantly contributed to bacterial-eukaryotic cell interactions. We showed an active T6SS in porcine ExPEC strain PCN033, and the Hcp family proteins had different functions in their interaction with other bacteria or host cells.
An RNA-aptamer-based two-color CRISPR labeling system
Authors: Wang Siyuan , Su Jun-Han , Zhang Feng , Zhuang Xiaowei 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe spatial organization and dynamics of chromatin play important roles in essential biological functions. However, direct visualization of endogenous genomic loci in living cells has proven to be laborious until the recent development of CRISPR-Cas9-based chromatin labeling methods. These methods rely on the recognition of specific DNA sequences by CRISPR single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) and fluorescent–protein-fused catalytically inactive Cas9 to label specific chromatin loci in cells. Previously, multicolor chromatin labeling has been achieved using orthogonal Cas9 proteins from different bacterial species fused to different fluorescent proteins. Here we report the development of an alternative two-color CRISPR labeling method using only the well-characterized Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9, by incorporating MS2 or PP7 RNA aptamers into the sgRNA. The MS2 or PP7 aptamers then recruit the corresponding MS2 or PP7 coat proteins fused with different fluorescent proteins to the target genomic loci. Here we demonstrate specific and orthogonal two-color labeling of repetitive sequences in living human cells using this method. By attaching the MS2 or PP7 aptamers to different locations on the sgRNA, we found that extending the tetraloop and stem loop 2 of the sgRNA with MS2 or PP7 aptamers enhances the signal-to-background ratio of chromatin imaging.
Size Selectivity of Multifilament Gill Nets for Sampling Alligator Gar: Modeling the Effects on Population Metrics
Authors: Schlechte J. Warren , Bodine Kristopher A. , Daugherty Daniel J. , Binion Greg R. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Gill nets are commonly used to sample Alligator Gar Atractosteus spatula; however, gill nets are size selective. We used five common multifilament gill-net meshes (88.9-, 101.6-, 114.3-, 127.0-, and 139.7-mm bar measure) to collect 477 gar between 1,000 and 2,300mm TL. We fit size-selectivity functions for these meshes for a net in which each mesh was fished equally, i.e., equal-effort net design (EEND), and found selectivity was best described by a binormal distribution in which the assumption of geometric similarity had been relaxed (i.e., binormal with deviations). Overall relative retention was about 30% for fish at 1,200 mm, increased to 100% for fish at 1,670 mm, then declined to 50% when fish were 2,100 mm. To reduce size selectivity, we used an optimization to create a net that minimized bias over the greatest TL range of fish sampled, i.e., weighted-effort net design (WEND). We compared the WEND to the EEND via simulation to estimate the effects of selectivity bias on population metrics. The WEND had 70% or greater relative retention for all fish between 1,200 and 2,100 mm TL. While the WEND performed slightly better with respect to the length frequency, simulations indicated that sampling Alligator Gar populations with either net design led to estimates of vital statistics for fish above 1,200 mm that were only slightly biased (e.g., survival estimates were biased by &lt;2%). Both designs underestimated the proportion of smaller fish (i.e., &lt;1,200 mm), which affected estimates of most vital statistics for these fish. When the goal of sampling is to estimate vital parameters for Alligator Gar &lt; 1,200 mm TL, biologists should consider using different mesh sizes or methods. Bias adjustments for larger and older fish are probably unnecessary. Our results suggest the gill-net meshes we tested can be used to collect a representative sample of adult Alligator Gar.
Received October 29, 2015; accepted February 2, 2016 Published online May 26, 2016
The Evolution of End-of-Life Care
Authors: Fink-Samnick Ellen 
Published: May 2016

Purpose and Objectives:
This article:
discusses historic milestones of the death with dignity movement,provides legislation, reimbursement, and programming updates,discusses the influence of shared decision making, andexplores ethical implications of the evolution of end-of-life care for case managers.

Primary Practice Settings(s):
Applicable to all health care sectors where case management is practiced.

Findings/Conclusion:
Few topics are more intimate and multifaceted for case managers than engaging with today's culturally diverse patient populations around end-of-life processes. The already prominent focus of this issue has been further elevated by a series of events to receive public attention. These include the Institute of Medicine's 2014 report—Dying in America: Improving Quality and Honoring Individual Preferences Near the End of Life, rising numbers of patients around the globe requesting to end life on their own terms, and corresponding death with dignity initiatives and legislation.
Another vital factor in the end-of-life equation involves how the latest generation of shared decision making influences the management of treatment dialogues among practitioners, patients, as well as insurance companies. Case managers are at the intersection of these complex interactions, working to achieve ethical, as well as legal accountability to the patient, employer, and profession while balancing personal perspectives.

Implications for Case Management Practice:
Professionals strive to effectively intervene with patients and their support systems facing end-of-life care decisions. It is essential case managers actively consider the intricacies of ethical practice and current contexts including death with dignity legislation, shared decision making, and shifts in regulations and reimbursement for end-of-life care.
Case management's ethical envelope will continue to be pushed. To that end amid shifting societal constructs, professionals must have mastery of applicable codes, standards, principles, and rules essential for adherence to ethical practice.
Effects of Pigment Location in Tinted Contact Lenses on the Ocular Surface
Authors: Jung Ji Won , Han Sun Hyup , Park Si Yoon , Kim Eung Kweon , Seo Kyoung Yul , Kim Tae-im 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To evaluate the effects of the location of pigments in decorative tinted soft contact lenses on the ocular surface.

Methods
Thirty test subjects were enrolled in this study. All subjects wore the following types of contact lenses, classified according to the location of the pigment layer, in one eye in three different testing sessions: conventional clear lenses, tinted lenses with a pigment layer embedded in the lens matrix, and tinted lenses with an exposed pigment layer on the surface. Tear samples were collected, the ocular surface status was evaluated, and subjective symptoms were surveyed after lens wear for 8 hours.

Results
The tinted lenses with surface pigments resulted in a greater increase in epidermal growth factor and interleukin-8 levels compared with the clear lenses and tinted lenses with embedded pigments (p < 0.050). Ocular surface parameters and subjective symptom scores were significantly different among three lens types (p < 0.050), with the clear lenses showing superior results compared with the two tinted lenses (p < 0.050). The tinted lenses with exposed pigments resulted in a greater degree of conjunctival redness and ocular surface staining and poorer symptom scores compared with the tinted lens with embedded pigments (p < 0.050).

Conclusions
Our results suggest that the presence of surface pigments in tinted contact lenses increases ocular inflammation and results in a poorer ocular surface status and greater discomfort compared with clear lenses and tinted lenses with an embedded pigment layer.
Living Neural Networks: Dynamic Network Analysis of Developing Neural Progenitor Cells
Authors: Mahadevan Arun S. , Grandel Nicolas E. , Robinson Jacob T. , Francis Kevin R. , Qutub Amina A. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThe architecture of the mammalian brain has been characterized through decades of innovation in the field of network neuroscience. However, the assembly of the brain from progenitor cells is an immensely complex process, and a quantitative understanding of how neural progenitor cells (NPCs) form neural networks has proven elusive. Here, we introduce a method that integrates graph-theory with long-term imaging of differentiating human NPCs to characterize the evolution of spatial and functional network features in NPCs during the formation of neural networks in vitro. We find that the rise and fall in spatial network efficiency is a characteristic feature of the transition from immature NPC networks to mature neural networks. Furthermore, networks at intermediate stages of differentiation that display high spatial network efficiency also show high levels of network-wide spontaneous electrical activity. These results support the view that network-wide signaling in immature progenitor cells gives way to a hierarchical form of communication in mature neural networks. We also leverage graph theory to study the spatial features of individual cell types in developing cultures, uncovering spatial features of polarized neuroepithelium. Finally, we employ our method to uncover aberrant network features in a neurodevelopmental disorder using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) models. The “Living Neural Networks” method bridges the gap between developmental neurobiology and network neuroscience, and offers insight into the relationship between developing and mature neural networks.
Application of a bionic ring structure on drill pipe surfaces to improve the performance of anti-corrosion coatings
Authors: Ma Yunhai , Wang Hubiao , Zhang Xin , Shang Wenbo , Tong Jin , Chang Zhiyong 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
Nature provides a wide range of structures with different functions, which can serve as a source of research concepts. Based on the bionics principle, a bionic structure was applied to drill pipe specimens to compare the bond strength of paint coatings with and without a bionic ring groove pattern machined on the substrate.

Design/methodology/approach
Using the Revetest Xpress Plus scratch tester, the bond strengths of the coatings on the drill pipe with and without the bionic structure were measured and the difference in bond strength was observed.

Findings
The critical scratch loads of the surface coatings were 12.77 and 5.4 N. Furthermore, the scratch curve from the plain sample had a larger fluctuation compared to the curve of the samples with bionic ring grooves.

Originality/value
This indicated that the application of a bionic pattern to the surface of the substrate could enhance the bond strength and the degree of mechanical adhesion between the coating and the surface of the drill pipe, which is beneficial for the anti-corrosion performance of the drill pipe.
Sometimes a celebrity holding a negative public image is the best product endorser
Authors: Sääksjärvi Maria , Hellén Katarina , Balabanis George 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine women’s reactions to celebrity endorsers holding positive and negative public images and the consequences for purchase intentions of the endorsed product.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper draws on the social comparison literature and applies the theory of upward and downward comparisons to the celebrity endorsement context.

Findings
Study 1 shows that exposure to celebrities holding a positive public image decrease consumers’ temporal self-esteem, while celebrities holding a negative public image increase temporal self-esteem. Study 2 suggests that this change in self-esteem transfers to the product depending upon the type of social comparison focus (similarity vs dissimilarity) which people have. Study 3 shows that for consumers low in true self-esteem, i.e. self-esteem based upon a stable foundation, celebrities holding a positive public image decrease purchase intentions. For consumers high in true self-esteem, there was no difference between exposure to celebrities holding a positive and a negative public image for purchase intentions. Study 4 focused on replicating the results found in Studies 1-3 in the context of an achievement celebrity (as opposed to a regular celebrity). The findings in Study 4 provide further support for the results of Studies 1 and 3, and identify expert celebrities as a boundary condition for the effects found in Study 2.

Practical implications
The results provide evidence suggesting that celebrities holding a negative public image can be used as celebrity endorsers in product categories in which it can be considered helpful to protect women’s self-esteem, such as beauty products or self-expressive products.

Originality/value
This research contributes to the literature on celebrity endorsement by adding a boundary condition for the effectiveness of celebrity endorsement. According to the results, choosing a positive celebrity can, for some groups, have negative effects on purchase intensions and that a negative celebrity might be the safer choice.
The brand authenticity effect: situational and individual-level moderators
Authors: Guèvremont Amélie , Grohmann Bianca 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to examine under what conditions consumers develop emotional attachment toward authentic brands. It proposes that authentic brands’ ability to evoke attachment is contingent upon situational (i.e. need to belong and need to express the authentic self) and consumer individual difference variables (i.e. brand engagement in self-concept [BESC] and personal authenticity).

Design/methodology/approach
Two experiments empirically test the effects of brand authenticity on emotional brand attachment. Experiment 1 considers the moderating roles of social exclusion and BESC. Experiment 2 examines the moderating roles of situationally induced feelings of self-inauthenticity and enduring personal authenticity.

Findings
Consumers with a high level of BESC show greater emotional brand attachment to authentic (versus less authentic) brands when they feel socially excluded. Consumers with a high level of enduring personal authenticity show greater emotional brand attachment to authentic (versus less authentic) brands when they experience situations that make them feel inauthentic.

Practical implications
This paper has implications for brand communication strategies adopted by brands that are positioned strongly on authenticity.

Originality/value
This paper is one of the few to examine the effect of brand authenticity on brand attachment taking into account the moderating role of situational and individual difference variables. The findings contribute to the brand attachment and brand authenticity literatures.
A place and role of an ontology in using a base of experience in designing the software intensive systems
Authors: Sosnin Petr 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
Nowadays, experience bases are widely used by project companies in designing software-intensive systems (SISs). The efficiency of such informational sources is defined by the “nature” of modeled experience units and approaches that apply to their systematization. This paper aims to increase the efficiency of designing the SISs by the use of an ontological support for interactions with an accessible experience, models of which are understood as intellectually processed conditioned reflexes.

Design/methodology/approach
Both of the base of experience (BE) and ontological support in interactions with its units are oriented on precedents built in accordance with the offered normative schema when the occupational work is fulfilled by a team of designers. In creating the BE and the ontology as part of the BE, the team should use a reflection of an operational space of solved tasks on a specialized semantic memory intended for simulating the applied reasoning of the question-answer type.

Findings
If the occupational space of designing is reflected on the semantic memory with a programmable shell, then this environment can be adjusted on simulating the intellectual mechanisms flown in a human consciousness when designers ontologically interact with the BE and tasks being solved. The use of simulating the process in consciousness in accordance with their nature facilitates increasing the efficiency of designing the SIS.

Research limitations/implications
An orientation on a precedent model as a basic type of experience unit and an ontological approach to their systematization are defined by the specificity of the study described in this paper. Models of precedents are constructed in accordance with the normative schema when the occupational work is fulfilled by a team of designers.

Practical implications
Investigated and developed means of ontological support are oriented on effective designing of the SISs with the use of the toolkit Working In Questions and Answers (WIQA) by the team of designers. The achieved effects are aimed at increasing the level of success in collaborative designing of SISs.

Social implications
Offered solutions are applicable in designing the systems which supported different relations of a human with artificial and natural environment. They facilitate the naturalness in interactions of a human with computerized world.

Originality/value
An orientation on the precedent model as a basic type of experience unit and the ontological approach to their systematization are defined by the specificity of the study described in this paper. The novelty of this approach is defined by the framework for the precedent model, understood as the intellectually processed conditioned reflex, in which a reflection on the semantic memory (of the question-answer type) is programmable in a conceptually algorithmic language. The ontological support is implemented in the environment of programming.
Assistive tools for disability arts: collaborative experiences in working with disabled artists and stakeholders
Authors: Creed Chris 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the experiences in working collaboratively with physically impaired visual artists and other stakeholders (e.g. disability arts organisations, charities, personal assistants, special needs colleges, assistive technologists, etc.) to explore the potential of digital assistive tools to support and transform practice.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors strategically identified key organisations as project partners including Disability Arts Shropshire, Arts Council England, the British Council, SCOPE, and National Star College (a large special needs college). This multi-disciplinary team worked together to develop relationships with disabled artists and to collaboratively influence the research focus around investigating the current practice of physically impaired artists and the impact of digital technologies on artistic work.

Findings
– The collaborations with disabled artists and stakeholders throughout the research process have enriched the project, broadened and deepened research impact, and enabled a firsthand understanding of the issues around using assistive technology for artistic work. Artists and stakeholders have become pro-active collaborators and advocates for the project as opposed to being used only for evaluation purposes. A flexible research approach was crucial in helping to facilitate research studies and enhance impact of the work.

Originality/value
– This paper is the first to discuss experiences in working with physically impaired visual artists – including the benefits of a collaborative approach and the considerations that must be made when conducting research in this area. The observations are also relevant to researchers working with disabled participants in other fields.
Institutional investors and the cost of bank loans
Authors: Hu Huajing , Lian Yili 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of institutional investors on the cost of bank loans using US bank loan data from 1995 to 2012.

Design/methodology/approach
– The cost of bank loans is analyzed with regard to loan spreads, collateral requirements, and the number of prepayment covenants.

Findings
– This paper finds that, first, holding institutional ownership constant, institutional control is positively related to the cost of bank loans, implying that strong institutional control intensifies conflicts between large shareholders and lenders. Second, institutional holdings are negatively related to the cost of bank loans. These results indicate that institutional monitoring reduces the agency problem between shareholders and managers.

Originality/value
– This paper suggests that the trade-off between institutional monitoring and institutional control jointly determines the effect of institutional investors on the cost of bank loans. Moreover, lenders should consider large shareholders and their influence when making lending decisions.
Public political thought: bridging the sociological–philosophical divide in the study of legitimacy
Authors: Abulof Uriel 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe study of political legitimacy is divided between prescriptive and descriptive approaches. Political philosophy regards legitimacy asprincipled justification, sociology regards legitimacy aspublic support. However, all people can, and occasionally do engage in morally reasoning their political life. This paper thus submits that in studying socio‐politicallegitimation– the legitimacy‐making process – the philosophicaloughtand the sociologicaliscan be bridged. I call this construct ‘public political thought’ (PPT), signifying thepublic's principled moral reasoning of politics, which need not be democratic or liberal. The paper lays PPT's foundations and identifies its ‘builders’ and ‘building blocks’. I propose that the edifice of PPT is built bymoral agentsconstructing and construing socio‐moral order (nomization). PPT's building blocks are justificatory common beliefs (doxa) and the deliberative language of legitimation. I illustrate the merits of this groundwork through two empirical puzzles: the end of apartheid and the emergence of Québécois identity.