bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Widow, the Wife, and the Courtesan: A Comparative Study of Social Reform in Premchand's Sevasadan and the Late Nineteenth-Century Bengali and Urdu Novel
Authors: Shandilya Krupa 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This paper argues for reading late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century South Asian social reform novels in multiple linguistic traditions in conjunction with each other in order to gain a broader understanding of the novels' articulations of women's agency. I argue that Hindi novelist Munshi Premchand's Sevasadan (1917) (The House of Service) critiques the institution of marriage, much like the Bengali widow remarriage novel Kishnakanter Uil (1878) (Krishnakanta's Will) by Bankimchandra Chatterjee and Charitraheen (1913) (Characterless) by Saratchandra Chatterjee. Sevasadan draws on Urdu educational reform novels such as Nazir Ahmad's Fasana-e-Mubtala (1885) (The Story of Mubtala) and M.H. Ruswa's Umrao Jaan Ada (1899) to evoke an alternative triangulation of sexuality, respectability, and femininity through the figure of the courtesan. However, reformist and nationalist anxieties about women's sexuality prevent her from becoming a viable alternative. The novel then espouses a specifically Gandhian nationalist ideology, which opens up space for a new figure—the Indian woman, rather than the Hindu woman. Sevasadan, then, unlike the Bengali and Urdu social reform novels, offers a nationalist solution to the question of social reform. However, this solution remains unrealized within the scope of the novel for the birth of the nation is inhibited by the mores of Hindu society.
Anxieties of Post-Coloniality: Postcolonialism and Odia Literature
Authors: Mund Subhendu 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Postcolonialism has been an all-encompassing discourse that has significantly transformed our ways of looking at the narration of coloniality in the writings of the erstwhile colonies. While it focuses primarily on the literatures in the Englishes (including our own English), the literatures in the bhashas (Indian language literatures) seem to have eluded the postcolonial scholarship. My paper interrogates basic questions involving the perceptions about and the reception of the bhashas. Does Indian English literature represent the Indian experience? Is it alone postcolonial, not the other literatures of India? My paper aims at addressing these anxieties of postcolonialism in theory and practice is in relation to the literatures of India, the bhasha literatures—some of which are more than a thousand years old. It will historicize the complicity between the colonial condition and narration, focusing on major Odia writers like Fakir Mohan Senapati (1843–1918) and Manoj Das (b. 1934).
Non-Association of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) Polymorphisms with Homocysteine Levels, Venous or Arterial Thromboses in 1,141 North-Central Appalachian Patients
Authors: Khimani Farhad , Perrotta Peter , Hobbs Gerry , Hogan Thomas 
Published: August 2016

<p class="cco-body"><strong><span lang="EN-GB">Objectives</span></strong><span lang="EN-GB">: MTHFR polymorphism testing has been used by clinicians for thrombophilia risk assessment. We questioned the utility of such testing.</span></p><p class="cco-body"><strong><span lang="EN-GB">Methods</span></strong><span lang="EN-GB">: 1,141 patients age 18 and above had MTHFR testing for both C677T and A1298C polymorphisms, 2006 through 2012. Available plasma homocysteine levels were obtained and ICD-9 billing codes were grouped to identify venous or arterial clots in these patients.</span></p><p class="cco-body"><strong><span lang="EN-GB">Results</span></strong><span lang="EN-GB">: 901 women and 240 men were tested; median age in women was 33 years (range 18-86); median age in men was 47 years (range 18-83). County of residence mapping confirmed that this MTHFR tested population was from north-central Appalachia. Only 144 (13%) of the 1,141 patients had no polymorphism at either the C677T or the A1298C locus; only 4 patients (0.4%) had 3 or more polymorphisms; 993 patients (87%) had either one or two polymorphisms. </span></p><p class="cco-body"><span lang="EN-GB">We found polymorphism frequency pattern similar in both sexes. Although men had higher homocysteine levels, MTHFR polymorphisms did not associate with homocysteine levels in either sex. In 901 women tested, the ICD-9 coded incidence of arterial clots was 20%, and of venous clots was 21%; in 240 men tested, the incidence of arterial clots was 48% and of venous clots was 40%. MTHFR polymorphisms did not associate with arterial or venous clots in either sex. </span></p><p class="cco-body"><span lang="EN-GB">Based on CPT billing codes, a minimal cost estimate was $137,000 for performing these 1,141 MTHFR tests.</span></p><p class="cco-body"><strong><span lang="EN-GB">Conclusions</span></strong><span lang="EN-GB">: MTHFR testing was costly and did not add useful information during thrombophilia evaluation in this patient population. </span></p>
Mera Tolerancia
Authors: Pereira Menaut Antonio Carlos , Pereira Sáez Carolina 
Published: August 2016

Resumen:A pesar de las apariencias y proclamaciones oficiales, la tolerancia no está hoy de moda. Por ello lo primero que procede es recordar en qué consiste realmente y mostrar cómo es: asistemática, pluriforme, no estrictamente racional, e imprescindible para la vida social. Estudiaremos después la relación que tiene con el Derecho y con los derechos (que no es unívoca), así como los factores ambientales favorables o desfavorables.En cuanto al método, evitamos el razonamiento abstracto y buscamos el histórico y basado en la realidad.Abstract:In spite of appearances and declarations to the contrary, toleration is a not altogether fashionable notion these days. We must, therefore, start by recalling what it really is. Further to that we shall show how it is: unsystematic, taking multiple forms, not strictly rational -- yet utterly essential for the smooth running of social life. We shall consider its relationship with Law as wellas with rights, themselves hardly univocal, and liberties. We shall look atelements in today’s environment that are both favourable and unfavourable toit. Our methodology will eschew abstraction and look to historical and concreteapproaches that stick close to reality. Summary:BY WAY OF AN INTRODUCTION. A REMINDER. SOMEPROBLEMS CONCERNING TOLERANCE: Tolerance and theLaw. Tolerance and Rights.The Paradox of Tolerance. Tolerance and Relativism. Tolerance and Religion. BY WAY OF A CONCLUSION: SOME FACTORS FAVOURING OR HINDERING TOLERANCE. REFERENCES.
La participación directa de los ciudadanos en la Constitución española y las consultas populares en el ámbito estatutario
Authors: Álvarez Vélez María Isabel 
Published: August 2016

Resumen:En el presente estudio se aborda un análisis sobre las características de la democracia representativa y de la democracia directa, especialmente sobre el referéndum y su diferencia con respecto a las consultas populares. Algunas Comunidades Autónomas tienen competencia para convocar consultas populares, lo que ha supuesto, especialmente en el caso de Cataluña, que el Tribunal Constitucional haya tenido que aclarar el alcance de dichas consultas y su inconstitucionalidad cuando se pretende equipararlo al referéndum.Abstract:In the present study, we analyze the characteristics of representative democracy and direct democracy, especially on the referendum and its difference from the popular consultations. Some Autonomous Communities have the power to call referendums, which has led, especially in the case of Catalonia, the Constitutional Court has had to clarify the scope of such consultations and unconstitutional when trying to equate the referendum.Summary:I. ABOUT DIRECT DEMOCRACY AND CITIZEN PARTICIPATION. II. REFERENDUM AS A MEANS OF DIRECT PARTICIPATION IN THE CONSTITUTION OF 1978. III. POPULAR CONSULTATIONS IN THE STATUTE OF AUTONOMY, SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CATALONIA. 1. The autonomic regulation of the popular consultation and the intervention of the Constitutional Court. 2. The use in Catalonia of competition in popular consultations. IV. CONCLUSION.
Las limitaciones del Parlamento recién constituido durante la prorrogatio gubernamental
Authors: Gómez Corona Esperanza 
Published: August 2016

Resumen:Mucho se ha escrito sobre el sentido y las limitaciones del gobierno en funciones, instituto necesario porque la labor de gobierno no puede paralizarse por la sucesión natural de titulares al frente del mismo.El recurso a la prorrogatio de los órganos constitucionales sigue siendo válido para explicar este fenómeno.Menos interés ha suscitado el papel del Parlamento válidamente constituido tras la celebración de elecciones, en el tiempo que media entre esa constitución y la investidura del titular de la Presidencia del Gobierno.En las páginas que siguen abordaremos esta última cuestión, tratando de dilucidar si el sistema parlamentario de gobierno presente entre nosotros también en las Comunidades Autónomas introduce alguna variante en el funcionamiento parlamentario, más allá del derivado por las propias limitaciones gubernamentales del Ejecutivo en funciones.Abstract:Much has been written about the sense and limitation of the caretaker Government, deemed a necessary body since the governmentaltasks may not be paralyzed due to the natural succession thereof.Resourcing to an extension (prorrogatio) of the mandate of constitutionalbodies as caretakers still stands as a valid explanation of this phenomenon. The role of the Parliament validly constituted through elections during the vacatio leading to the appointment of the new president has attracted less interest. This work aims at addressing this understudied issued in an attempt to elucidate whether the Spanish parliamentary system of government, operating both at theState and regional levels, introduces any variant in the functioning of the Parliament beyond the common limitations of the caretaker Government.Summary:I. Preliminary. II. Outgoing government. II.1 Outgoing state government. II.2 Outgoing autonomic government. III. The limitations of the new elected Parliament during the extended mandate of the caretaker government. III.1 Internal proceedings. III.2 Parliamentary functions. IV. Concluding remarks
El régimen jurídico del plurilingüismo en la enseñanza no universitaria en España
Authors: Manent Alonso Luis , Guardia Hernández Juan José 
Published: August 2016

Resumen:Hasta ahora los diferentes modelos educativos de la enseñanza en lenguas se han venido clasificando en sistemas de opción y conjunción lingüística según posibilitasen elegir el idioma que iba a ocupar un lugar central en la enseñanza o no. Sin embargo la introducción en los planes de estudio de varias Comunidades Autónomas de lenguas extranjeras, no solo como materia de estudio sino como medio de transmisión de conocimientos, reclama la inclusión de nuevos parámetros que tengan en cuenta el número de lenguas vehiculares de la enseñanza, distinguiendo complementariamente los modelos monolingües,bilingües y plurilingües.A partir de estas variables, y utilizando la terminología de la Comisión Europea, los autores proponen una nueva sistematización de los modelos lingüísticos de las Comunidades Autónomas con lengua cooficial capaz de abarcar toda su complejidad. También señalan sus límites, de acuerdo con la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional y los tribunales ordinarios, y realizan una apuesta por el aprendizaje integrado de contenidos y lenguas (AICLE).Abstract:Until the present, idiomatic models of education have distinguished between linguistical choice or conjunction, whether it was possible to choose the language which would occupy a central space at school or not. Nevertheless, the teaching of foreign languages in the educational schemes of several Spanish regional governments, not only as a subject but also as a way of study non linguistic areas, requires new patterns that include the languages in which education is offered, in particular, monolingualism, bilingualism and plurilingualism.Knowing all these varieties, and using the European Commission´s common vocabulary, the authors propose a new classification for the linguistic models held by the Spanish regional governments with two equally recognized languages. Regarding the Constitutional Court case-law and other jurisprudence, they also point the limits and advocate for content and language integrated learning (CLIL). Summary:I. Introduction. II. Idiomatic education models. A) Linguistic conjuction. B) Linguistic option. A) Monolingualism: international, common and language inmersion. 2 B) Multilingualism: bilingualism y plurilingualism. III. Spanish linguistic models of regions with equally recognized languages. 1) Regional law. A) Catalonia. B) Valencian Community. C) Galicia. D) Balearic Islands. E) Navarre. F) Basque Country. 2) State Law. IV. Conclusion.
Preparation of Si nano-crystals with controlled oxidation state from SiO disproportionated by ZrO2 ball-milling
Authors: Okamoto Yuji , Harada Yoshitomo , Ohta Narumi , Takada Kazunori , Sumiya Masatomo 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
We demonstrate that a SiO disproportionation reaction can be achieved simply by high energy mechanochemical milling. The planetary ball-milling of ZrO2 for a few minutes generated Si nano-crystals. Milling conditions including rotation speed, ball number, milling time, and type of ball material were able to control the oxidation states of Si. The ball-milled SiO powder was tested as an anode of a lithium battery. ZrO2 contamination from the vial and balls was eliminated by dipping the ball-milled SiO powder in (NH4)HSO4 molten salt and heating for 5 min. The disproportionated SiO powder showed characteristics comparable to those of a powder prepared by a conventional heating process taking several hours.
Cu patterning on Si substrate using solution-processed Ti–Cu oxide films and electroless plating
Authors: Miyazeki Yusuke , Horiuchi Yoshio , Noh Joo-Hyong , Cordonier Christopher E. J. , Honma Hideo , Arakawa Taro 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
We demonstrated for the first time the Cu patterning on Si using Ti and Cu oxide (TiCu-ox) films patterned by photolithography and electroless plating without etching or surface modification. The TiCu-ox films had a porous structure and acted as adhesion layers. The TiCu-ox films were patterned by photolithography on Si and glass for comparison, followed by Cu deposition by electroless plating. Fine Cu patterns on the patterned TiCu-ox films were formed. The smallest line/space widths on glass and Si were 3.2/0.8 and 3.6/4.4 µm, respectively. The deposited Cu layers had high adhesion strength and low sheet resistance.
Inter-page-crosstalk reduction in holographic data storage system through phase modulation in signal region
Authors: Lin Xiao , Huang Yong , Cheng Yabin , Liu Jinpeng , Xu Ke , Li Xiaotong , Tan Xiaodi 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
We propose a method that utilizes degeneration noise to reduce inter-page-crosstalk by encoding certain phase distribution according to the noise distribution in the signal region. Due to the phase correlation of noise, modulated degeneration noise can eliminate each other and thus the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can be improved. To evaluate the SNR improvement, we introduced a new parameter called noise ratio factor (NRF), which is defined as the ratio of SNR with phase encoding to SNR without phase encoding. Then we use NRF distribution to guide us to encode phase in the signal region in the most effective way. Numerical simulation study shows that special designed phase modulation can reduce inter-page-crosstalk.
Long‐term variability of dust optical depths on Mars during MY24–MY32 and their impact on subtropical lower ionosphere: Climatology, modeling, and observations
Authors: Sheel Varun , Haider S. A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDust optical depths (τ) for nine Martian years (MY24–MY32) in the subtropical region (25–35°S) have been used to classify distinct dust scenarios. These data are based on observations at 9.3 µm from the Mars Global Surveyor and Mars Odyssey missions and encompass the regional dust storms which occur every year around solar longitude (Ls) ~ 220° and the two major dust storms of MY25 and MY28. Constrained by these observations and the Mars Climate Sounder observations of detached dust layers, we estimate altitude profiles of dust concentrations. We discuss the characteristics of dust aerosol particles of different size between 0.2 and 3.0 µm by assuming a modified gamma distribution. We then use a comprehensive ion‐dust model to calculate ion densities and conductivities in the lower ionosphere of Mars in the absence of dust storm at τ = 0.1 and Ls = 150° and for three dust storm periods viz., (1) major dust storm at τ = 1.7 and Ls = 210°, (2) major dust storm at τ = 1.2 and Ls = 280°, and (3) regional dust storm at τ = 0.5 and Ls = 220°. The model with 12 neutral species considers galactic cosmic rays as a source of ionization. Results show that the density of the dominant hydrated cluster ions and the electrical conductivity are reduced by an order of magnitude near the surface for a few months until the dust storm settles down to its normal condition.
The deep accumulation of 10Be at Utsira, southwestern Norway: Implications for cosmogenic nuclide exposure dating in peripheral ice sheet landscapes
Authors: Briner Jason P. , Goehring Brent M. , Mangerud Jan , Svendsen John Inge 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCosmogenic nuclide exposure dating is a widely used method for constraining past ice sheet histories. We scrutinize a recently published data set of cosmogenic 10Be data from erratic boulders in Norway used to constrain the deglaciation of the western Scandinavian Ice Sheet to 20 ka. Our model of the 10Be inventory in glacial surfaces leads us to conclude that the chronology may be afflicted by the deep subsurface accumulation of 10Be during long‐lasting ice‐free periods that resulted in 10Be ages >10% too old. We suggest that the majority of the dated erratic boulders contain a uniform level of inherited muon‐produced 10Be and were derived from bedrock depths >2.5 m and most likely ~4 m. The implication of our finding is that for landscapes that experience long ice‐free periods between brief maximum glacial phases, glacial erosion of >5 m is required to remove detectable traces of inherited 10Be.
Propagation of ULF waves from the upstream region to the midnight sector of the inner magnetosphere
Authors: Takahashi Kazue , Hartinger Michael D. , Malaspina David M. , Smith Charles W. , Koga Kiyokazu , Singer Howard J. , Frühauff Dennis , Baishev Dmitry G. , Moiseev Alexey V. , Yoshikawa Akimasa 
Published: August 2016

AbstractUltralow frequency (ULF) waves generated in the ion foreshock are a well‐known source of Pc3‐Pc4 waves (7–100 mHz) observed in the dayside magnetosphere. We use data acquired on 10 April 2013 by multiple spacecraft to demonstrate that ULF waves of upstream origin can propagate to the midnight sector of the inner magnetosphere. At 1130–1730 UT on the selected day, the two Van Allen Probes spacecraft and the geostationary ETS‐VIII satellite detected compressional 20 to 40 mHz magnetic field oscillations between L ∼ 4 and L ∼ 7 in the midnight sector, along with other spacecraft located closer to noon. Upstream origin of the oscillations is concluded from the wave frequency that matches a theoretical model, globally coherent amplitude modulation, and duskward propagation that is consistent with expected entry of the upstream wave energy through the dawnside flank under the observed interplanetary magnetic field. The oscillations are attributed to magnetohydrodynamic fast‐mode waves based on their propagation velocity of ∼300 km/s and the relationship between the electric and magnetic field perturbations. The magnitude of the azimuthal wave number is estimated to be ∼30. There is no evidence that the oscillations propagated to the ground in the midnight sector.
On the twists of interplanetary magnetic flux ropes observed at 1 AU
Authors: Wang Yuming , Zhuang Bin , Hu Qiang , Liu Rui , Shen Chenglong , Chi Yutian 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMagnetic flux ropes (MFRs) are one kind of fundamental structures in the solar/space physics and involved in various eruption phenomena. Twist, characterizing how the magnetic field lines wind around a main axis, is an intrinsic property of MFRs, closely related to the magnetic free energy and stableness. Although the effect of the twist on the behavior of MFRs had been widely studied in observations, theory, modeling, and numerical simulations, it is still unclear how much amount of twist is carried by MFRs in the solar atmosphere and in heliosphere and what role the twist played in the eruptions of MFRs. Contrasting to the solar MFRs, there are lots of in situ measurements of magnetic clouds (MCs), the large‐scale MFRs in interplanetary space, providing some important information of the twist of MFRs. Thus, starting from MCs, we investigate the twist of interplanetary MFRs with the aid of a velocity‐modified uniform‐twist force‐free flux rope model. It is found that most of MCs can be roughly fitted by the model and nearly half of them can be fitted fairly well though the derived twist is probably overestimated by a factor of 2.5. By applying the model to 115 MCs observed at 1 AU, we find that (1) the twist angles of interplanetary MFRs generally follow a trend of about
radians, where
is the aspect ratio of a MFR, with a cutoff at about 12π radians AU−1, (2) most of them are significantly larger than 2.5π radians but well bounded by
radians, (3) strongly twisted magnetic field lines probably limit the expansion and size of MFRs, and (4) the magnetic field lines in the legs wind more tightly than those in the leading part of MFRs. These results not only advance our understanding of the properties and behavior of interplanetary MFRs but also shed light on the formation and eruption of MFRs in the solar atmosphere. A discussion about the twist and stableness of solar MFRs are therefore given.
Concentration‐dependent studies of Nd3+‐doped zinc phosphate glasses for NIR photoluminescence at 1.05 μm
Authors: Reddy Prasad V. , Seshadri M. , Babu S. , Ratnakaram Y. C. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractNd3+‐doped lead‐free zinc phosphate glasses with the chemical compositions (60‐x) NH4H2PO4 + 20ZnO + 10BaF2 + 10NaF + xNd2O3 (where x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mol%) were prepared using a melt quenching technique. Vibrational bands were assigned and clearly elucidated by Raman spectral profiles for all the glass samples. Judd–Ofelt (J–O) intensity parameters (Ωλ: λ = 2, 4, 6) were obtained from the spectral intensities of different absorption bands of Nd3+ ions. Radiative properties such as radiative transition probabilities (AR), radiative lifetimes (τR) and branching ratios (βR) for different excited states were calculated using J–O parameters. The near infrared (NIR) photoluminescence spectra exhibited three emission bands (4F3/2 level to 4I13/2, 4I11/2 and 4I9/2 states) for all the concentrations of Nd3+ ions. Various luminescence properties were studied by varying the Nd3+ concentration for the three spectral profiles. Fluorescence decay curves of the 4F3/2 level were recorded. The energy transfer mechanism that leads to quenching of the 4F3/2 state lifetimes was discussed at higher concentration of Nd3+ ions. These glasses are suggested as suitable hosts to produce efficient lasing action in NIR region at 1.05 μm.