bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of 1 MeV electron radiation on the AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors
Authors: Pan Shijie , Feng Shiwei , Li Xuan , Feng Zixuan , Lu Xiaozhuang , Bai Kun , Zhang Yamin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this study, the effects of 1 MeV electron radiation on the D-mode GaN-based high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) were investigated after different radiation doses. The changes in electrical properties of the device were obtained, and the related physical mechanisms were analyzed. It indicated that under the radiation dose of 5 × 1014 cm−2, the channel current cannot be completely pinched off even if the negative gate voltage was lower than the threshold voltage, and the gate leakage current increased significantly. The emission microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to determine the damage location. Besides, the radiation dose was adjusted ranging from 5 × 1012 to 1 × 1014 cm−2, and we noticed that the drain−source current increased and the threshold voltage presented slightly negative shift. By calculations, it suggested that the carrier density and electron mobility gradually increased. It provided a reference for the development of device radiation reinforcement technology.
10 × 10 Ga2O3-based solar-blind UV detector array and imaging characteristic
Authors: Chen Haifeng , Liu Zhanhang , Zhang Yixin , Jia Feilong , Wu Chenlu , Lu Qin , Liu Xiangtai , Wang Shaoqing 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A 10 × 10 solar-blind ultraviolet (UV) imaging array with double-layer wire structure was prepared based on Ga2O3 film grown by atomic layer deposition. These single detection units in the array exhibit excellent performance at 3 V: photo-to-dark current ratio (PDCR) of 5.5 × 105, responsivity (R) of 4.28 A/W, external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 2.1 × 103%, detectivity (D
*) of 1.5 × 1014 Jones, and fast response time. The photodetector array shows high uniformity under different light intensity and low operating bias. The array also has good temperature stability. Under 300 °C, it still presents clear imaging and keeps high R of 34.4 and 6.45 A/W at 5 and 1 V, respectively. This work provides a new insight for the large-scale array of Ga2O3 solar-blind UV detectors.
Utilizing diffusion tensor imaging as an image biomarker in exploring the therapeutic efficacy of forniceal deep brain stimulation in a mice model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Chen You-Yin , Chang Chih-Ju , Liang Yao-Wen , Tseng Hsin-Yi , Li Ssu-Ju , Chang Ching-Wen , Wu Yen-Ting , Shao Huai-Hsuan , Chen Po-Chun , Lai Ming-Liang , Deng Wen-Chun , Hsu RuSiou , Lo Yu-Chun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective. With prolonged life expectancy, the incidence of memory deficits, especially in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), has increased. Although multiple treatments have been evaluated, no promising treatment has been found to date. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the fornix area was explored as a possible treatment because the fornix is intimately connected to memory-related areas that are vulnerable in AD; however, a proper imaging biomarker for assessing the therapeutic efficiency of forniceal DBS in AD has not been established. Approach. This study assessed the efficacy and safety of DBS by estimating the optimal intersection volume between the volume of tissue activated and the fornix. Utilizing a gold-electroplating process, the microelectrode’s surface area on the neural probe was increased, enhancing charge transfer performance within potential water window limits. Bilateral fornix implantation was conducted in triple-transgenic AD mice (3 × Tg-AD) and wild-type mice (strain: B6129SF1/J), with forniceal DBS administered exclusively to 3 × Tg-AD mice in the DBS-on group. Behavioral tasks, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed in all mice to assess the therapeutic efficacy of forniceal DBS. Main results. The results illustrated that memory deficits and increased anxiety-like behavior in 3 × Tg-AD mice were rescued by forniceal DBS. Furthermore, forniceal DBS positively altered DTI indices, such as increasing fractional anisotropy (FA) and decreasing mean diffusivity (MD), together with reducing microglial cell and astrocyte counts, suggesting a potential causal relationship between revised FA/MD and reduced cell counts in the anterior cingulate cortex, hippocampus, fornix, amygdala, and entorhinal cortex of 3 × Tg-AD mice following forniceal DBS. Significance. The efficacy of forniceal DBS in AD can be indicated by alterations in DTI-based biomarkers reflecting the decreased activation of glial cells, suggesting reduced neural inflammation as evidenced by improvements in memory and anxiety-like behavior.
Cryogel microcarriers loaded with glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor enhance the engraftment of primary dopaminergic neurons in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Narasimhan Kaushik , Hakami Abrar , Comini Giulia , Patton Tommy , Newland Ben , Dowd Eilís 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective. Cryogel microcarriers made of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate and 3-sulfopropyl acrylate have the potential to act as delivery vehicles for long-term retention of neurotrophic factors (NTFs) in the brain. In addition, they can potentially enhance stem cell-derived dopaminergic (DAergic) cell replacement strategies for Parkinson’s disease (PD), by addressing the limitations of variable survival and poor differentiation of the transplanted precursors due to neurotrophic deprivation post-transplantation in the brain. In this context, to develop a proof-of-concept, the aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of glial cell line-derived NTF (GDNF)-loaded cryogel microcarriers by assessing their impact on the survival of, and reinnervation by, primary DAergic grafts after intra-striatal delivery in Parkinsonian rat brains. Approach. Rat embryonic day 14 ventral midbrain cells were transplanted into the 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned striatum either alone, or with GDNF, or with unloaded cryogel microcarriers, or with GDNF-loaded cryogel microcarriers. Post-mortem, GDNF and tyrosine hydroxylase immunostaining were used to identify retention of the delivered GDNF within the implanted cryogel microcarriers, and to identify the transplanted DAergic neuronal cell bodies and fibres in the brains, respectively. Main results. We found an intact presence of GDNF-stained cryogel microcarriers in graft sites, indicating their ability for long-term retention of the delivered GDNF up to 4 weeks in the brain. This resulted in an enhanced survival (1.9-fold) of, and striatal reinnervation (density & volume) by, the grafted DAergic neurons, in addition to an enhanced sprouting of fibres within graft sites. Significance. This data provides an important proof-of-principle for the beneficial effects of neurotrophin-loaded cryogel microcarriers on engraftment of cells in the context of cell replacement therapy in PD. For clinical translation, further studies will be needed to assess the impact of cryogel microcarriers on the survival and differentiation of stem cell-derived DAergic precursors in Parkinsonian rat brains.
Study of shock shapes around blunted conical bodies in hypersonic flow
Authors: Srikanth Gautam , Hithesh Sai , Anirudh Marella , Yadav Avinash , Kotebavi Vinod 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The study of supersonic and hypersonic flows remains one of the most complex areas to understand and simulate results, especially due to the various complexities. The objective of this study is to analyze the shock shapes, pressure distributions, coefficient of drag, coefficient of moment, and the shock standoff distance for hypersonic flow over blunted conical bodies. The density-based approach and implicit method have been used as they are the most suitable for compressible flows. A grid-independent study has been performed to ensure the results are independent of grid size. The simulations are performed for cones with different semi-apex angles and shoulder radii. The Mach number is varied from 5 to 10. Results are validated with the theoretical results obtained from empirical relations. It has been observed that as the apex angle increases, values of drag, moment coefficient, and the shock standoff distance increases. It was also observed that for a cone of given apex angle, as the Mach number increases, the values of drag coefficient and moment coefficient increases and the shock sstandoff distance decreases. The maximum increase in the drag on increasing the cone angle is 8.44%, and the maximum reduction in drag on increasing Mach number is 1.27%.
Comparison of turbulent models for baffled stirred tank
Authors: Mathew Sibin V , Supradeepan K , Sankar Ganesh P 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Fluid mixing in stirred tanks is an extensively researched domain in various process industries. A stirred tank uses an impeller to agitate the fluid, inducing turbulent regions that significantly enhance the mixing process. Understanding the fluid dynamics in an agitated vessel can be achieved through both experimental and numerical methods. The present work utilized Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) to analyze flow fields within an agitated vessel. The study focuses on evaluating the effectiveness of various Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) models to estimate flow characteristics within a stirred tank. The geometry comprises a cylindrical tank stirred by a Rushton impeller at 100 rpm. To enhance mixing efficiency, four baffles are affixed to the lateral surface of the tank, generating recirculating flows. The tank is filled with water up to the top wall to prevent vortex formation. Open-source CFD software, OpenFOAM®, is utilized for performing simulations. The study investigated mean velocity components, power number, Root Mean Square (RMS), and Reynolds stress profiles of the stirred tank. The realizable k − ε model exhibited superior performance compared to other RANS models in predicting flow parameters of baffled stirred tanks under specified flow conditions considered in this investigation.
Mitigating Temperature Heterogeneity in Cold Storage: A Numerical Investigation Using a Cassette Fan Coil Unit for Air Flow Distribution
Authors: Daniel Alexander Leo , Jakhar Sanjeev , Sankar Dasgupta Mani 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Inadequate storage conditions for agricultural harvests can result in significant economic losses. Cold storage plays a crucial role in preserving horticultural produce, where proper airflow distribution is essential for maintaining freshness. Ceiling-mounted Fan Coil Units (CM-FCUs), commonly used in cold storages, may lead to uneven temperatures among crates. This study proposes evaluating the suitability of Cassette-type Fan Coil Units (CT-FCUs) in cold storages to enhance airflow and cooling rates. Cold storage with CM-FCUs was modeled, simulated, and validated using experimental data. A similar cold storage with CT-FCUs was also modeled and simulated, and various thermal performance parameters were compared. In the proposed system, the maximum area-weighted average velocity was observed to be 20.5% higher than in the conventional cold storage. Similarly, the Performance Index (PI) demonstrated a 41.1% improvement, while temperature heterogeneity was 41.3% lower compared to the CM-FCU, indicating superior thermal performance in the cold storage with CT-FCUs. These findings suggest that the proposed CT-FCUs outperformed the CM-FCUs in terms of thermal performance.
Investigation of the Petition-fuel production as HHO-gas through developed electrolyser by using the mathematical model with experimental performance analysis
Authors: Kumar Nayak Amiya , Kumar Rout Akshaya , Kumar Dewangan Akhilesh , Sagar Sinha Gyan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper examines the design of an electrolyser model, comparing it with mathematical and experimental models. The model involves passing an electric current through water dissolved with an alkylamine-ethoxylate compound, resulting in the release of oxygen and hydrogen, forming Oxy-hydrogen gas. The gas generation rate of the generated HHO-gas is predicted using the mathematical and experimental models. The experiment investigates factors such as Faraday efficiency, power, compound concentration in water, and hydrogen concentration in HHO-gas at different operating temperatures. The alkylamine ethoxylate is a compound composed of cationic, anionic, and non-anionic surfactants, with a concentration range of 15% to 60%. The model shows a power consumption range of 72% to 88% with operating temperatures of 30 to 80 degrees Celsius. The electrode disc plates have an internal distance of 2.5 mm to 1.2 mm and are connected to a negative and positive terminal. The results show a remarkable level of agreement between the experimental results and the mathematical model, indicating that gas generators consistently provide the specified output across various operational circumstances.
Towards Sustainable Mobility: A Framework and Strategies for Rural Transportation Sustainability
Authors: Sankar Das Shiv , Debadatta Behera Debashree , Bijeta Nayak Bijaya , Kumar Patjoshi Pramod , Chandra Mohanty Ramesh 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In the recent times, the issues of resource depletion, rapid urbanization, and climate change have focused on the need for sustainable solutions in the area of mobility. While significant importance has been made in urban areas towards sustainable transportation, rural areas face unique challenges that require strategies. The scarcity of resources, limited infrastructure, and the impact of climate change demand a dedicated focus on developing sustainable transportation frameworks in rural settings. The objective of the study is to develop a framework for sustainable transportation in rural areas and strategies for sustainable transportation in rural areas. The study also focuses on developing the relationships between the different components of the framework and it reflects on community driven solutions for achieving sustainable mobility in the rural areas such as solar-powered electric rickshaws, bicycle-sharing programs, community-run shuttle services, etc. Secondary data has been collected for understanding the theoretical concepts. Under the present study, project reports, articles and books were used as secondary sources. Descriptive case study method is used for application of the framework.
Experimental study of the thermal efficiency of Solar air heater equipped with rotating spiral shape baffles: Using Solar Simulator
Authors: Khimsuriya Yogeshkumar D. , Patel D. K. , Patel Vivek , Panchal Hitesh , Kumar Kaushik Lav 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the thermal performance of a Solar Air Heater (SAH) equipped with rotating spiral-shaped baffles, utilizing a solar simulator. Parameters such as relative roughness pitch (P/e) and Reynolds number (Re) were varied within the ranges of 4-10 and 4000-12000, respectively, with a fixed relative roughness height (e/H) of 0.8. The fabricated solar simulator, adhering to EN-12975-2 standards, demonstrated excellent irradiance homogeneity at approximately 10.47%, resulting in an average solar irradiance of 955 W/m2. The introduction of artificial roughness on the absorber plate significantly enhanced the SAH’s thermal performance. The study further revealed a correlation between Re and plate temperature, highlighting the impact on heat transfer. Notably, the configuration with a smooth plate exhibited the highest plate temperatures, while the absorber plate with P/e–8 displayed the lowest plate temperatures across varying Re. An increase in Re corresponded to a distinct rise in outlet temperature, with the P/e–8 setup exhibiting the most significant temperature difference, reaching 4.9°C at a Re of 12000. Additionally, the configuration featuring a roughened plate with P/e-8 achieved the highest thermal efficiency at 61.03% at a Re of 12000, showcasing a substantial 64.86% improvement compared to the smooth absorber plate. These findings contribute valuable insights for optimizing the design and performance of solar air heating systems.
Bamboo as a Potential Eco-Friendly Composite – A Review
Authors: Rashmi Sarmah Richa , Neog Dipankar 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Bamboo, as a potential ecological structural material, has gained a lot of attention, due to its wide distribution i.e., more than 1000 species; short growth cycle of 3-5 years; high stiffness and better fibre strength. The amalgamation of matrix and natural fibres like bamboo gives rise to composites that yield best properties of each component. These properties include the enhancement in mechanical, thermal, morphological and chemical properties of the bamboo composite. Keeping in mind its growth in different fields, this work puts light on explored areas of bamboo reinforced composite and their related performances observed by different researchers from time to time. From this review, an idea can be generated as to where one can apply such material for optimal results in near future.
Scenarios of Waste Management in Indian Context: A Brief Review on E-waste and Biomedical waste
Authors: Kumar Singhdeo Ashok , Tripathy Sushanta , Singhal Deepak 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Human day to day activities produce a wide range of remarkable wastes that come from a number of sources. Cleaning up contamination in wastes over a longer period of time is far more expensive than preventing it at the source. Various nations have an uphill battle in correctly managing their waste, with the majority of efforts aimed at reducing final quantities and raising sufficient money for waste management. With the growing importance of waste management, it has become an absolute necessity for every nation to have the combined duty of people, industry, local governments, and pollution control boards. The main purpose of this review is to find out more about the different ways that electronic and biomedical wastes are handled in India by looking at a lot of different cases.
LCA-based strategic evaluation for building renovation construction projects
Authors: Alvise Bragadin Marco , Calistri Mattia , Predari Giorgia 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
It is well known that the existing building stock needs performance upgrades related to energy retrofit. In Italy and many European countries seismic structural safety standards requirements are also increasing, and therefore together with other renovation works, a structural rehabilitation is always needed. Structural rehabilitation is generally an invasive intervention on the structural sub-system, while energy redevelopment is less invasive as it is mostly performed in the building envelope, but it is economically relevant. Therefore, the high renovation costs and the limitation of the usability of the building during a renovation project often lead real estate developers to choose the easier strategy of complete demolition and reconstruction. This can be, perhaps, the easiest choice but, from an environmental and economic point of view, usually the least sustainable one. Environmental sustainability can be evaluated via the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach, but LCA needs a complete evaluation of the existing and new building systems, sub-systems and components. Therefore, the strategic choice based upon LCA can usually be performed only late in the design process, when most of the technologic systems have been designed in detail. A parametric preliminary evaluation can help project managers and real estate developers to choose the most environmentally sustainable design alternative, even with a low level of knowledge of the existing building. The proposed approach uses a list of parametric costs for a building type to extract preliminary data about building quantities. Therefore, a mixed method that uses typical cost plans and existing LCA database is proposed to perform the preliminary LCA analysis of a building renovation project and evaluate sustainability.
Complexity in project studies: A rhetorical device perspective
Authors: Frederiksen N , Gottlieb S C , de Gier A , Bronke J , Primdahl M B , Klitgaard A , Koch C 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A frequently used term in project studies is that of complexity. This term typically conveys the presence of multiple intricate and interrelated project factors that render prediction, and ultimately performance, challenging. Complexity is ubiquitous in the context of projects, and there are competing notions of complexity and, consequently, how to cope with it. Drawing on an integrative review approach, we explore four predominant notions of complexity in project studies, provide examples of illustrative research-based constructs (root metaphors) associated with each, and discuss their differences. In doing so, we first explore Bent Flyvbjerg’s idea about the “Iron Law of Mega-Projects” as an example of complexity inherent in the project environment. Next, Martin Barnes’ proposal of the “Iron Triangle” serves as an example of complexity inherent in the project. Then, Kristian Kreiner’s “Drifting Environments” concept is used as an example of complexity emerging in the project environment. Finally, Albert Hirschman’s idea about the “Hiding Hand” serves as an example of complexity emerging in the project. After exploring the four notions, we discuss how each can serve as a potential rhetorical devise for creating relationships and reasoning between complexity and project (mis-)performance. Based on the study, we suggest that complexity in project studies, despite its linguistic grounding, exhibits polysemy in the sense that it is associated with a multitude of notions and connotations. This polysemy both obscures the phenomenon of complexity while offering a plethora of opportunities for rhetorically linking and justifying project conditions and project (mis-)performance.
Importance of client presence for safety in renewable energy construction and rehabilitation projects
Authors: Holen Siri , Eide Ingeborg , Albrechtsen Eirik 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The construction industry is known to be hazardous for its workers, being the industry with one of the highest injury rates. A number of studies show that leadership engagement in construction projects influence safety, however, the importance of how the client management role is carried out with regards to physical presence over time during construction has not been in focus. The aim of the study is to understand how safety is influenced by the presence of client personnel on construction sites related to renewable energy and the effects of their presence. Insights from both the client and contractor perspectives are provided, based on eighteen semi-structured interviews. The results show that degree of presence is determined by the project managers in early stages of the projects and this decision is based on factors such as economy risk assessment, knowledge transfer and projects size and complexity. Three main factors that stem from client’s presence are found to influence safety; i) increased monitoring which leads to higher risk awareness, ii) increased local knowledge which leads to identifying valuable solutions to issues and iii) shorter communication paths reduce uncertainty and positively impacts progress. Identified challenges regarding client’s presence are related to over-involvement and becoming blind to hazards. In conclusion, the client personnel’s onsite presence is important for creating a shared understating between client and contractor of safety issues, something that is not possible through remote collaboration, and especially important when projects increase in complexity.