bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical properties of TiO2 nanorod/PMMA bilayered film and the application for anti‐reflection
Authors: Yudoyono Gatut , Pramono Yono Hadi , Zainuri Mochamad , Darminto D. 
Published: July 2017

TiO2/Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bilayered films have been prepared by spin coating technique on the glass substrate. The nanorod‐structured TiO2 prepared by a coprecipitation method was used. The structure and morphology were tested by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The optical properties and the anti‐reflection (AR) coating performance were evaluated by UV‐Vis spectrometer. The XRD pattern has shown that the TiO2 particles have the nanorods structure and the rutile phase. The AFM analysis showed that the layer of TiO2 nanorods has formed a colloidal crystal with an amorphous structure having a smooth surface. Based on the absorption spectra of a single layer TiO2, the optical band gap (Eg) between 3.65–3.70 eV and the Urbach energy (Eu) between 204–255 meV can be determined. The maximum transmittance of TiO2/PMMA bilayered film at a normal incident light can reach up to 98.5%.
Reactions of Allylmagnesium Halides with Carbonyl Compounds: Reactivity, Structure, and Mechanism
Authors: Bartolo Nicole , Read Jacquelyne , Valentín Elizabeth , Woerpel K. 
Published: July 2017

The additions of allylmagnesium reagents to carbonyl compounds are important methods in synthetic organic chemistry, but the mechanisms of these reactions are likely to be distinct from mechanisms followed by other organomagnesium reagents. Additions to alkyl aldehydes and ketones are likely to be concerted, proceeding through six-membered-ring transition states. These highly reactive reagents appear to react at rates that approach the diffusion limit, so chemoselectivity is generally low. Furthermore, reactions of allylmagnesium halides with carbonyl compounds are unlikely to follow stereochemical models that require differentiation between competing transition states. This Short Review discusses the current state of understanding of these reactions, including the structure of the reagent and unique aspects of the reactivity of allylmagnesium reagents.1	Introduction2	Reactions with Carbonyl Compounds2.1	Reactivity of Allylmagnesium Halides2.2	Selectivity of Addition3	Structure of Allylmagnesium Reagents3.1	Schlenk Equilibrium and Aggregation3.2	Spectroscopic Studies3.3	X-ray Crystallographic Studies3.4	Computational Studies of Structure4	Reaction Mechanism4.1	Substrate-Dependent Mechanisms4.2	Concerted Mechanisms4.3	Single-Electron Transfer Mechanisms4.4	Open, SE2′-Like Transition State4.5	Computational Studies of Mechanism5	Conclusion
Factors Contributing to Patient Satisfaction and Expectations following Computer-Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Naito Yohei , Yamaguchi Toshio , Wakabayashi Hiroki , Sudo Akihiro , Hasegawa Masahiro 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine which factors contribute to patient satisfaction and expectations after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). A total of 109 patients (130 knees) with knee osteoarthritis who underwent primary TKA with navigation were studied. Intraoperative mediolateral laxity was measured. The factors including mediolateral laxity that affected patient satisfaction and expectations were evaluated using the 2011 Knee Society Score. Patient satisfaction after TKA correlated positively with symptoms and functional activities, and negatively with old age in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis showed that symptoms and functional activities remained statistically significant; however, old age showed no difference. Patient expectations after TKA correlated positively with symptoms and functional activities, and negatively with mediolateral laxity at 60 degrees in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis showed that symptoms, functional activities, and mediolateral laxity at 60 degrees remained statistically significant. In conclusion, midflexion instability was associated with worse expectations.
Does Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Spread via Axonal Connectivities?
Authors: Braak H. , Neumann M. , Ludolph A. , Del Tredici K. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe pathological process underlying sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (sALS) that is associated with the formation of cytoplasmic inclusions of a nuclear protein (TDP-43) is confined to only a few types of long-axoned projection neurons. The giant Betz pyramidal cells of the primary motor neocortex as well as large α-motor neurons of the lower brainstem and spinal cord become involved early. In the human brain, these 2 neuronal types are to a large extent interconnected by monosynaptic axonal projections. The cell nuclei of affected neurons gradually forfeit their normal expression of the protein TDP-43. In α-motor neurons, this nuclear loss is followed by the formation of insoluble TDP-43-immunopositive inclusions in the cytoplasm, whereas in Betz cells the loss of nuclear expression remains for an unknown period of time unaccompanied by somatodendritic and/or axoplasmic aggregations. It is possible that in cortical pyramidal cells (Betz cells) the nuclear clearing initially leads to the formation of an abnormal but still soluble cytoplasmic TDP-43 which may enter the axoplasm and, following transmission via direct synaptic contacts, induces anew TDP-43 dysregulation and aggregation in recipient neurons. The trajectory of the spreading pattern that consecutively develops during the course of sALS is consistent with the dissemination from chiefly cortical projection neurons via axonal transport through direct synaptic contacts leading to the secondary induction of TDP-43-containing inclusions within recipient nerve cells in involved subcortical regions.
Global analysis of depletion and recovery of seabed biota after bottom trawling disturbance
Authors: Hiddink Jan Geert , Jennings Simon , Sciberras Marija , Szostek Claire L. , Hughes Kathryn M. , Ellis Nick , Rijnsdorp Adriaan D. , McConnaughey Robert A. , Mazor Tessa , Hilborn Ray , Collie Jeremy S. , Pitcher C. Roland , Amoroso Ricardo O. , Parma Ana M. , Suuronen Petri , Kaiser Michel J. 
Published: July 2017

Significance
Bottom trawling is the most widespread source of physical disturbance to the world’s seabed. Predictions of trawling impacts are needed to underpin risk assessment, and they are relevant for the fishing industry, conservation, management, and certification bodies. We estimate depletion and recovery of seabed biota after trawling by fitting models to data from a global data compilation. Trawl gears removed 6–41% of faunal biomass per pass, and recovery times posttrawling were 1.9–6.4 y depending on fisheries and environmental context. These results allow the estimation of trawling impacts on unprecedented spatial scales and for data poor fisheries and enable an objective analysis of tradeoffs between harvesting fish and the wider ecosystem effects of such activities.
An invasive foundation species enhances multifunctionality in a coastal ecosystem
Authors: Ramus Aaron P. , Silliman Brian R. , Thomsen Mads S. , Long Zachary T. 
Published: July 2017

SignificanceThe accelerating loss of coastal foundation species impairs the delivery of vital ecosystem services on which nearly half the human population depends. Recognizing how loss of habitat-forming species such as seagrasses and oysters can be offset is therefore essential. This paper demonstrates that in areas where native foundation species are absent, nonnative habitat formers can amplify the production of diverse ecosystem functions that underpin provisioning of services to humans, such as food production. Our findings suggest that in areas where native foundation species have been lost, invasive habitat formers may be considered as a tool to enhance multiple ecosystem functions.
VAMP3 and SNAP23 mediate the disturbed flow-induced endothelial microRNA secretion and smooth muscle hyperplasia
Authors: Zhu Juan-Juan , Liu Yue-Feng , Zhang Yun-Peng , Zhao Chuan-Rong , Yao Wei-Juan , Li Yi-Shuan , Wang Kuei-Chun , Huang Tse-Shun , Pang Wei , Wang Xi-Fu , Wang Xian , Chien Shu , Zhou Jing 
Published: July 2017

Significance
Vascular homeostasis is regulated by the interactions between endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Our previous study demonstrated that endothelial microRNA-126-3p conveys the EC-to-SMC signaling that is regulated by hemodynamic shear stress to ECs. Here we show that the mechanisms by which shear stress modulates microRNA secretion include the regulations on vesicle-associated membrane protein 3 (VAMP3) and synaptosomal-associated protein 23 (SNAP23). Endothelial inhibition of VAMP3/SNAP23 reduces microRNA-126-3p secretion and rescues the SMC phenotype altered by atherogenic shear. Our findings provide a mechanistic explanation of the noncoding RNA mediation of detrimental effects of oscillatory shear on vascular function and suggest therapeutic potential of targeting the endothelial vesicular transport system in the control of smooth muscle proliferative diseases.
Structural insights into the extracellular recognition of the human serotonin 2B receptor by an antibody
Authors: Ishchenko Andrii , Wacker Daniel , Kapoor Mili , Zhang Ai , Han Gye Won , Basu Shibom , Patel Nilkanth , Messerschmidt Marc , Weierstall Uwe , Liu Wei , Katritch Vsevolod , Roth Bryan L. , Stevens Raymond C. , Cherezov Vadim 
Published: July 2017

Significance
Highly selective monoclonal antibodies recognizing the extracellular 3D epitope of G protein-coupled receptors represent valuable tools for elucidating receptor function and localization in the cell and show promise for a range of therapeutic applications. Here we present the structure of a complex between the human serotonin 2B receptor, captured in an active-like state, and an antibody Fab fragment, bound to the extracellular side of the receptor. The structure uncovers the mechanisms of receptor activation and of extracellular receptor recognition by antibodies.
Visualizing context-dependent calcium signaling in encephalitogenic T cells in vivo by two-photon microscopy
Authors: Kyratsous Nikolaos I. , Bauer Isabel J. , Zhang Guokun , Pesic Marija , Bartholomäus Ingo , Mues Marsilius , Fang Ping , Wörner Miriam , Everts Stephanie , Ellwart Joachim W. , Watt Joanna M. , Potter Barry V. L. , Hohlfeld Reinhard , Wekerle Hartmut , Kawakami Naoto 
Published: July 2017

SignificanceBefore invading the central nervous system, encephalitogenic T cells cross a series of microenvironments where they interact with local cells. T-cell activation was visualized by specific calcium signals using a combination of a genetic calcium reporter, Twitch1, and in vivo two-photon microscopy. In peripheral immune organs, short-lived calcium signaling indicated antigen-independent interactions. By contrast, in the CNS, saturated long-lived calcium signaling was induced by endogenous autoantigens presented by a subset of local antigen-presenting cells. Because T-cell trafficking is controlled at serial checkpoints, our findings may help to identify therapeutic targets for preventing CNS inflammation.
Methylcytosine dioxygenase TET3 interacts with thyroid hormone nuclear receptors and stabilizes their association to chromatin
Authors: Guan Wenyue , Guyot Romain , Samarut Jacques , Flamant Frédéric , Wong Jiemin , Gauthier Karine Cécile 
Published: July 2017

Significance
Thyroid hormone (T3) controls both developmental and physiological processes. Its nuclear receptors (TR) are transcription factors. Methyl dioxygenase ten-eleven translocation protein 3 (TET3) is characterized here as a TR coregulator. It stabilizes and promotes TR chromatin association in a dioxygenase-independent manner, thus increasing the sensitivity of the cell to T3. Mutations in TR cause the resistance to thyroid hormone syndrome (RTH) symptom, the severity of which varies with the particular mutation. Only some mutated TR can be stabilized by TET3. The availability of TET3 is therefore a parameter modulating TR activity, and its differential interaction with mutated TR might explain different severity of RTH. Furthermore, TET3 is likely to function as a general coregulator for nuclear receptors, as it enhances chromatin association of additional members of this superfamily.
Body ownership determines the attenuation of self-generated tactile sensations
Authors: Kilteni Konstantina , Ehrsson H. Henrik 
Published: July 2017

SignificanceWhen we touch one hand with the other, the touch feels less intense than identical touches generated by another person or robot. This is because our brain predicts the contact between our hands and attenuates the expected sensation. Here, we describe how the attenuation of self-touch depends on the experienced ownership of the touching hand. We found that illusory self-touch with a rubber hand that feels like one’s own is attenuated. We also found the reverse: The attenuation of real self-touch is reduced when the rubber hand that feels like one’s own is far from the receiving hand. These findings are important because they demonstrate that sensory predictions and sensory attenuation depend on the sense of ownership of the body.
Nitric oxide is an obligate bacterial nitrification intermediate produced by hydroxylamine oxidoreductase
Authors: Caranto Jonathan D. , Lancaster Kyle M. 
Published: July 2017

Significance
The enzymatic reactions that occur during nitrification are nature’s means to use ammonia as cellular fuel. Complete understanding of nitrification and related processes are vital to sustainable agriculture and renewable energy technologies. The prevailing view of the first phase of nitrification is that ammonia oxidizing bacteria use two enzymes, ammonia monooxygenase and hydroxylamine oxidoreductase, to oxidize ammonia to nitrite via hydroxylamine as an obligate intermediate. Our work reveals nitric oxide as an additional obligate intermediate. The presented findings necessitate revision of a key biogeochemical process, identify a new bioenergetic role for nitric oxide, predict participation of a third enzyme in the biological oxidation of ammonia to nitrite, and will inform models toward sustainable agriculture.
Antibody-based assay discriminates Zika virus infection from other flaviviruses
Authors: Balmaseda Angel , Stettler Karin , Medialdea-Carrera Raquel , Collado Damaris , Jin Xia , Zambrana José Victor , Jaconi Stefano , Cameroni Elisabetta , Saborio Saira , Rovida Francesca , Percivalle Elena , Ijaz Samreen , Dicks Steve , Ushiro-Lumb Ines , Barzon Luisa , Siqueira Patricia , Brown David W. G. , Baldanti Fausto , Tedder Richard , Zambon Maria , de Filippis A. M. Bispo , Harris Eva , Corti Davide 
Published: July 2017

Significance
Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus with homology to dengue virus (DENV), has become a public health threat, particularly because of its association with severe congenital birth defects. The high level of cross-reactivity among flaviviruses and their cocirculation has complicated serological approaches to detect ZIKV infections. Thus, there is an urgent need for a specific serological assay to discriminate ZIKV infection from other flaviviruses. This study demonstrates that the antibody-based assay we developed and implemented in five countries has high specificity and sensitivity in the detection of recent and past ZIKV infections. The ZIKV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) blockade-of-binding ELISA assay is a simple, robust, and low-cost solution for Zika surveillance programs, seroprevalence studies, and intervention trials in flavivirus-endemic areas.
Reassessing the atmospheric oxidation mechanism of toluene
Authors: Ji Yuemeng , Zhao Jun , Terazono Hajime , Misawa Kentaro , Levitt Nicholas P. , Li Yixin , Lin Yun , Peng Jianfei , Wang Yuan , Duan Lian , Pan Bowen , Zhang Fang , Feng Xidan , An Taicheng , Marrero-Ortiz Wilmarie , Secrest Jeremiah , Zhang Annie L. , Shibuya Kazuhiko , Molina Mario J. , Zhang Renyi 
Published: July 2017

SignificanceAromatic hydrocarbons account for 20 to 30% of volatile organic compounds and contribute importantly to ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation in urban environments. The oxidation of toluene, the most abundant aromatic compound, is believed to occur mainly via OH addition, primary organic peroxy radical (RO2) formation, and ring cleavage, leading to ozone and SOA. From combined experimental and theoretical studies, we show that cresol formation is dominant, while primary RO2production is negligible. Our work reveals that the formation and subsequent reactions of cresols regulate the atmospheric impacts of toluene oxidation, suggesting that its representation in current atmospheric models should be reassessed for accurate determination of ozone and SOA formation. The results from our study provide important constraints and guidance for future modeling studies.
Infants possess an abstract expectation of ingroup support
Authors: Jin Kyong-sun , Baillargeon Renée 
Published: July 2017

Significance
We examined whether one mechanism contributing to ingroup favoritism might be an abstract and early-emerging sociomoral expectation of ingroup support. In violation-of-expectation experiments, 17-mo-old infants first watched third-party interactions among unfamiliar adults identified (using novel labels) as belonging to the same group, to different groups, or to unspecified groups. Next, one adult needed help, and another adult either did or did not provide it. Infants expected help to be provided when the two adults belonged to the same group, but held no expectation when the adults belonged to different groups or to unspecified groups. Infants thus already possess an abstract expectation of ingroup support, and this finding sheds light on one of the mechanisms underlying ingroup favoritism in human interactions.
Visualiser la variation et le changement valenciel
Authors: Mazziotta Nicolas 
Published: July 2017

Résumé
Il est possible de modéliser la variation et le changement valenciel à l’aide des structures formelles que nous nommons
polygraphes. Ces derniers étendent les arbres syntaxiques dépendanciels en autorisant des relations à porter
sur d’autres relations. En prenant l’exemple de l’expression prépositionnelle ou non du datif en ancien français et en français
moderne (complément des verbes donner, aider, et pardonner), nous montrons comment les
polygraphes peuvent être employés pour montrer géométriquement la différence entre une préposition obligatoire et une préposition
facultative. Le potentiel de ces structures permet également de visualiser l’évolution et de comparer le comportement des
lexèmes.
Clitics as input to the acquisition of verbal transitivity in French
Authors: Pérez-Leroux Ana Teresa , Pirvulescu Mihaela , Roberge Yves , Strik Nelleke 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe investigate the effect of French clitic construction on verb learning. In French, object pronouns precede the verb, and the canonical direct object position remains empty. We test whether children treat such contexts as input for transitivity (since a direct object is morphologically identified) or optional transitivity (due to the empty direct object position). Forty-eight monolingual French preschoolers heard verb input with clitics and noun phrases as direct objects, in two input conditions: obligatory transitivity, and mixed optional transitivity. Results show that children are sensitive to the input, but produce more sentences with null implicit objects in the clitic conditions. This provides evidence that specific properties of a language (e.g. clitic constructions), affect the acquisition of verbal classes.
Development of Striped Bass Relative Condition Models with Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis and Associated Temperature Corrections
Authors: Haus William O. , Hartman Kyle J. , Jacobs John M. , Harrell Reginal M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractNutritional condition is a valuable metric in ecosystem‐based fisheries management. However, the need for lethal sampling for the most accurate indicators ethically and logistically limits sample sizes. Percent moisture has been recommended for management of Striped Bass Morone saxatilis. We sought to develop bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) models for five size‐classes of Striped Bass across three temperatures in a controlled laboratory setting. Results suggest that BIA is an accurate and robust method for estimating percent dry weight in Striped Bass, with model adjusted R2 values in the range of 0.70–0.89. Temperature correction models successfully removed a significant relationship (P < 0.0001) between temperature and BIA model residuals (P = 0.48). We recommend that these models be tested with independent data collected in a field setting.Received October 16, 2016; accepted April 5, 2017 Published online July 18, 2017
Materials science and engineering of phase change random access memory
Authors: Sarwat Syed Ghazi 
Published: July 2017

Having monopolised the optical data storage industry since the very beginning, phase change materials are now being intensively explored for next-generation electronic data storage, referred to as phase change random access memory (PCRAM). Because phase change materials are electrically programmable; capable of reversibly switching between two stable structural phases of contrasting electrical properties, besides data storage they also enable data computation. For these reasons, PCRAM envisages to overcome both miniaturisation and data flow bottlenecks, challenges which current silicon charge-based technology is failing to cope with. This review, while reasoning the need for a switch to a newer data storage technology, and comparing PCRAM with other data storage and computation platforms, comprehensively takes stock of the benefits and challenges associated with PCRAM. This review also critically investigates and associates the materials science and physics, such as the atomic structure and bonding, thermodynamics and kinetics of the phase transformation, with the PCRAM device characteristics and performance. Various device design-concepts and requirements are reviewed. Recent advances, and evolution of newer platforms, including those relating to neuromorphic computing and photonic memory are also described. This is the winning review of the 2017 Materials Literature Review Prize of the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining, run by the Editorial Board of MST. Sponsorship of the prize by TWI Ltd is gratefully acknowledged