bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exosomal biomarkers of brain insulin resistance associated with regional atrophy in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Mullins Roger J. , Mustapic Maja , Goetzl Edward J. , Kapogiannis Dimitrios 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBrain insulin resistance (IR), which depends on insulin‐receptor‐substrate‐1 (IRS‐1) phosphorylation, is characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previously, we demonstrated higher pSer312‐IRS‐1 (ineffective insulin signaling) and lower p‐panTyr‐IRS‐1 (effective insulin signaling) in neural origin‐enriched plasma exosomes of AD patients vs. controls. Here, we hypothesized that these exosomal biomarkers associate with brain atrophy in AD. We studied 24 subjects with biomarker‐supported probable AD (low CSF Aβ42). Exosomes were isolated from plasma, enriched for neural origin using immunoprecipitation for L1CAM, and measured for pSer312‐ and p‐panTyr‐IRS‐1 phosphotypes. MPRAGE images were segmented by brain tissue type and voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) analysis for gray matter against pSer312‐ and p‐panTyr‐IRS‐1 was conducted. Given the regionally variable brain expression of IRS‐1, we used the Allen Brain Atlas to make spatial comparisons between VBM results and IRS‐1 expression. Brain volume was positively associated with P‐panTyr‐IRS‐1 and negatively associated with pSer312‐IRS‐1 in a strikingly similar regional pattern (bilateral parietal‐occipital junction, R middle temporal gyrus). This volumetric association pattern was spatially correlated with Allen Human Brain atlas normal brain IRS‐1 expression. Exosomal biomarkers of brain IR are thus associated with atrophy in AD as could be expected by their pathophysiological roles and do so in a pattern that reflects regional IRS‐1 expression. Furthermore, neural‐origin plasma exosomes may recover molecular signals from specific brain regions. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1933–1940, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stream phosphorus dynamics of minimally impacted coastal plain watersheds
Authors: Hensley Robert T. , McLaughlin Daniel L. , Cohen Matthew J. , Decker Paul H. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractUnderstanding natural variation in stream phosphorus (P) concentrations over space and time is critical for understanding natural drivers of catchment behavior and establishing regulatory standards. Across minimally impacted benchmark streams (n = 81) in Florida, spatial variation in mean total P concentrations was large, indicating the importance of geologic controls on catchment solute dynamics. While this variation was significantly predicted by geographic regions, within regions we observed nearly comparable cross‐site variation, suggesting important finer‐scale heterogeneity in baseline catchment chemistry. Within‐site residual variation (unexplained by region or site) was as large as spatial variation, suggesting temporal variation in response to drivers such as flow may be critically important. To further explore timescales of P export variation, we collected long‐term, high‐frequency (subdaily) measurements of stream discharge (Q) and soluble reactive P (SRP) in 2 forested watersheds. We observed significant variation at annual, event, and diel timescales, all of which arise primarily from corresponding Q‐variation. Over the entire period of record, we generally observed a strong dilution signal, with SRP concentrations declining with increased Q. Despite significant SRP variation, flow variation was far larger and, thus, dominated temporal control on downstream flux. Within‐storm events, we observed strong and consistent clockwise SRP versus Q hysteresis, suggesting mobilization of proximal SRP stores. Diel variation exhibited mid‐afternoon concentration minima, Q‐controlled amplitude, and pronounced seasonal shifts in both magnitude and timing consistent with riparian evapotranspiration‐regulating lateral inputs of P‐rich groundwater. Such high‐resolution temporal signals allow identification of solute sources and provide insights into geologic and hydrologic drivers of solute variation.
Whole‐brain vessel wall MRI: A parameter tune‐up solution to improve the scan efficiency of three‐dimensional variable flip‐angle turbo spin‐echo
Authors: Yang Qi , Deng Zixin , Bi Xiaoming , Song Shlee S. , Schlick Konrad H. , Gonzalez Nestor R. , Li Debiao , Fan Zhaoyang 
Published: January 2017

PurposeTo propose and evaluate a parameter tune‐up solution to expedite a three‐dimensional (3D) variable‐flip‐angle turbo spin‐echo (TSE) sequence for whole‐brain intracranial vessel wall (IVW) imaging.Materials and MethodsElliptical k‐space sampling and prolonged echo train length (ETL), were used to expedite a 3D variable‐flip‐angle TSE‐based sequence. To compensate for the potential loss in vessel wall signal, optimal combination of prescribed T2 and ETL was experimentally investigated on 22 healthy volunteers at 3 Tesla. The optimized protocol (7–8 min) was then compared with a previous protocol (reference protocol, 11–12 min) in terms of signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR), vessel wall sharpness, and wall delineation quality on a 4‐point scale (0:poor; 3:excellent) in 10 healthy volunteers. A pilot study of five patients was performed and lesion delineation score was used to demonstrate the diagnostic quality.ResultsA protocol with ETL = 52 and prescribed T2 = 170 ms was deemed an optimized one, which, compared with the reference protocol, provided significantly improved wall SNR (12.0 ± 1.3 versus 10.0 ± 1.1; P = 0.002), wall–lumen CNR (9.7 ± 1.2 versus 8.0 ± 0.9; P = 0.002), wall–CSF CNR (2.8 ± 1.0 versus 1.7 ± 1.0; P = 0.026), similar vessel wall sharpness at both inner (1.59 ± 0.18 versus 1.58 ± 0.14, P = 0.87) and outer (1.71 ± 0.25 versus 1.83 ± 0.30; P = 0.18) boundaries, and comparable vessel wall delineation score for individual segments (1.95–3; P > 0.06). In all patients, atherosclerotic plaques (10) or wall dissection (5) were identified with a delineation score of 3 or 2.ConclusionA parameter tune‐up solution can accelerate 3D variable‐flip‐angle TSE acquisitions, particularly allowed for expedited whole‐brain IVW imaging with preserved wall delineation quality.Level of Evidence: 2.Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;46:751–757
Assessment of drivers' visual perception of information displayed in LED traffic signs at road construction sites
Authors: Liou Jeih‐jang , Wu Chih‐Fu 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis study investigated drivers' visual perception of information displayed in LED traffic signs under different levels of environmental luminance. Concerning the information displayed, the environmental luminance comprised four luminance contrasts, two arrow types, and three environmental luminances, which were used to identify the visibility of traffic signs at the reading distance. Regarding visible distance, visibility involved reading starting and end points, extent of glare, comfortable distance, and glare distance. According to the study results obtained by using a highly reliable glare assessment method and studying the LED traffic signs, the lower the luminance contrast of traffic signs was the higher glare the participants perceived. A luminance contrast of 6200:2066 cd/m2 provided the farthest comfortable and glare distances, enabling drivers to notice the signs comparatively earlier and have sufficient time to react accordingly. Overall, arrow type “<<<” outperformed “←” because the former was easier for drivers to read and created less glare. Regarding environmental luminance, traffic signs displayed in high and medium luminance environments (i.e., extremely sunny and cloudy days, respectively) each featured their own advantage, whereas those displayed in low luminance environments (nights) have to be further improved.
The price of free tissue transfer after tongue reconstruction: quantifying the risks
Authors: Khan Mohemmed N. , Perez Enrique , Goljo Erden , Iloreta Alfred , Park Richard Chan Woo , Genden Eric M. , Miles Brett A. 
Published: January 2017

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the preoperative variables, mean operative time, morbidity, and mortality associated with reconstruction of partial glossectomy defects.Study DesignRetrospective data analysis.MethodsThe National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried for patients having undergone glossectomy procedures. The study sample was split into two groups based on the lack or presence of a flap reconstruction. A total of 1,012 glossectomy patients were identified, with 805 undergoing nonflap reconstruction and 207 undergoing free flap reconstruction. Variables evaluated included wound complications, major and minor morbidity, return to the operating room, mortality, and mean operative time.ResultsPatients undergoing free flap reconstruction experienced significantly longer mean operative times (482.1 vs. 183.0 minutes, P < .001), were more likely to return to the operating room (odds ratio [OR] = 2.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.33‐4.29, P = .003), and had higher likelihood of wound complications (OR = 5.78, 95% CI = 2.72‐12.26, P < .001), major morbidity (OR = 12.39, 95% CI = 7.02‐21.85, P < .001), and minor morbidity (OR = 4.20, 95% CI = 2.12‐8.33, P < .001). There was no difference in mortality between groups (OR = 8.62, 95% CI = 0.53‐141.7, P = .131).ConclusionsFree flap reconstruction of glossectomy defects involving up to half of the tongue is associated with increased morbidity and operative time when compared with nonflap reconstruction. Currently available functional outcomes data for tongue reconstruction are poor. Possible functional impairment must be weighed against the associated morbidity when deciding which defects require reconstruction, and the decision to reconstruct should not be taken lightly.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 127:1551–1557, 2017
Crop evapotranspiration assessment under climate change in the Pannonian basin during 1991–2050
Authors: Nistor Mărgărit‐Mircea , Cheval Sorin , Gualtieri Alessandro F. , Dumitrescu Alexandru , Boţan Vanessa E. , Berni Alex , Hognogi Gheorghe , Irimuş Ioan A. , Porumb‐Ghiurco Cosmin G. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe impact of climate on crop evapotranspiration (ETc) was assessed in the Pannonian basin for the present (1991–2020) and future (2021–2050). Annual temperature, annual precipitation and monthly potential evapotranspiration are the main climate data used in the present study. The European land cover database was used for the spatial recognition of terrain vegetation of the countries which are found in the Pannonian basin. A difference of maximum annual temperature from 19.9 to 20.8 °C was observed in the investigated area between 1991–2020 and 2021–2050. Precipitation rates decrease from west (1800 mm) to east (below 400 mm), and the potential evapotranspiration varies from 500 to 800 mm. Four stages of crop growth were identified and for each stage the crop co‐efficients were assessed. For present projections of climate data, the annual crop evapotranspiration variability is from 105 to 1087 mm and records the highest values in mid‐season stage, over 630 mm. Future projections indicate that in the central and southern part of the Pannonian basin the annual crop evapotranspiration will increase. For both present and future projections, the lowest crop evapotranspiration was found in the cold season, because of lack of heat and lower values of the crop co‐efficient.
Perceptions of hurricane hazards in the mid‐Atlantic region
Authors: Saunders Michelle E. , Senkbeil Jason C. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe mid‐Atlantic region of the United States is susceptible to tropical cyclone hazards. Within the past 15 years this region has experienced Hurricane Isabel in 2003, Hurricane Irene in 2011 and several tropical storms. The region was also impacted by post‐tropical Sandy in 2012. The perception of hurricane hazards among residents of the mid‐Atlantic region has not been directly researched. Furthermore, there is a lack of research on the comprehension of information from hurricane warning graphics that influences hazard perception. This research used a total of eight hypothetical scenarios (four pairs) that varied storm track and storm size to assess risk perception of hurricane hazards and characteristics. Each scenario was represented using a four‐panelled map featuring the National Hurricane Center's cone of uncertainty, a new storm surge map and a new damaging wind map created by the authors. A Qualtrics survey was used to collect responses to questions about concern for personal harm and evacuation intent. Residents of the region perceived falling trees, potential for damaging winds and the size of the storm to be the greatest threats. Scenarios depicting larger storms with track lines that moved inland were seen as more hazardous, resulting in greater concern and evacuation intent. Coastal residents showed greater concern about distance from the track for all scenarios and greater evacuation intent for larger storms compared to inland residents.
Fluorescent dyes in the context of DNA‐binding: The case of Thioflavin T
Authors: Biancardi Alessandro , Biver Tarita , Mennucci Benedetta 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThioflavin T (ThT) is a dye characterized by a strong fluorescence light‐up on binding to biosubstrates. Although this effect is known to be related to the inhibition of intramolecular torsion on excitation, the binding modes and their role in affecting photoinduced processes are by no means adequately understood. Here, a combined molecular dynamics and quantum chemical modeling is used to study the tuning of the photophysical properties of ThT when moving from solution to DNA binding. The binding mechanism of ThT to B‐DNA was found to be very complex as a result of an uncommon interplay between different binding modes, for example, monomer intercalation and external binding but also groove binding of the dimer. The detailed analysis of the relation between the different binding modes and the structural and electronic properties of ThT can be used to better understand the interaction with other biosubstrates.
RESeED: A secure regular‐expression search tool for storage clouds
Authors: Salehi Mohsen Amini , Caldwell Thomas , Fernandez Alejandro , Mickiewicz Emmanuel , Rozier Eric W. D. , Zonouz Saman , Redberg David 
Published: January 2017

SummaryLack of trust has become one of the main concerns of users who tend to utilize one or multiple Cloud providers. Trustworthy Cloud‐based computing and data storage require secure and efficient solutions which allow clients to remotely store and process their data in the Cloud. User‐side encryption is an established method to secure the user data on the Cloud. However, using encryption, we lose processing capabilities, such as searching, over the Cloud data. In this paper, we present RESeED, a tool that provides user‐transparent and Cloud‐agnostic regular‐expression search functionality over encrypted data across multiple Clouds. Upon a client's intent to upload a new document to the Cloud, RESeED analyzes the document's content and updates its data structures accordingly. Then, it encrypts and transfers the document to the Cloud. RESeED provides the regular‐expression search functionality over encrypted data by translating the search queries on‐the‐fly to finite automata and analyzing concise and secure representations of the data before asking the Cloud to download the encrypted documents. RESeED's parallel architecture enables efficient search over large‐scale (and potentially big data scale) data‐sets. We evaluate the performance of RESeED experimentally and demonstrate its scalability and correctness using real‐world data‐sets from arXiv.org and Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Our results show that RESeED produces accurate query responses with a reasonable (≃6%) storage overhead. The results also demonstrate that for many search queries, RESeED performs faster in compare with the grep utility that functions on unencrypted data. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Schedulability analysis and efficient scheduling of rate constrained messages in the TTEthernet protocol
Authors: Kermia Omar 
Published: January 2017

SummaryOver time, cyber‐physical systems are becoming mixed criticality systems. As the complexity and the size of these systems grow, computation/communication resources should be more efficient than with traditional systems. TTEthernet is a communication infrastructure that enables the use of a single physical communication infrastructure for distributed mixed criticality applications while providing timely determinism. TTEthernet distinguishes between two traffic categories: the standard event triggered and the time triggered. The latter, for which higher priority is granted, is subject to strong timing guarantees because of strict periodicity constraint that fixes start‐time cycles of time‐triggered messages. In addition, event‐triggered traffic includes rate‐constrained messages that are of lower priority and have a minimum time interval between their transmission. The paper proposes both an on‐line efficient scheduling algorithm and a necessary and sufficient schedulability condition based on the worst case response time computation for rate‐constrained messages while taking into account time‐triggered messages transmission. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Visual–tactile processing in primary somatosensory cortex emerges before cross‐modal experience
Authors: Bieler Malte , Sieben Kay , Schildt Sandra , Röder Brigitte , Hanganu‐Opatz Ileana L. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe presumptive unisensory neocortical areas process multisensory information by oscillatory entrainment of neuronal networks via direct cortico‐cortical projections. While neonatal unimodal experience has been identified as necessary for setting up the neuronal networks of multisensory processing, it is still unclear whether early cross‐modal experience equally controls the ontogeny of multisensory processing. Here, we assess the development of visual–somatosensory interactions and their anatomical substrate by performing extracellular recordings of network activity in primary sensory cortices in vivo and assessing the cortico‐cortical connectivity in pigmented rats. Similar to adult animals, juvenile rats with minimal cross‐modal experience display supra‐additive augmentation of evoked responses, time‐dependent modulation of power and phase reset of network oscillations in response to cross‐modal light and whisker stimulation. Moreover, the neuronal discharge of individual neurons is stronger coupled to theta and alpha network oscillations after visual–tactile stimuli. The adult‐like multisensory processing of juvenile rats relies on abundant direct visual–somatosensory connections and thalamocortical feedforward interactions. Thus, cellular and network interactions ensuring multisensory processing emerge before cross‐modal experience and refine during juvenile development.
Whole genome grey and white matter DNA methylation profiles in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Authors: Sanchez‐Mut Jose Vicente , Heyn Holger , Vidal Enrique , Delgado‐Morales Raúl , Moran Sebastian , Sayols Sergi , Sandoval Juan , Ferrer Isidre , Esteller Manel , Gräff Johannes 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe brain's neocortex is anatomically organized into grey and white matter, which are mainly composed by neuronal and glial cells, respectively. The neocortex can be further divided in different Brodmann areas according to their cytoarchitectural organization, which are associated with distinct cortical functions. There is increasing evidence that brain development and function are governed by epigenetic processes, yet their contribution to the functional organization of the neocortex remains incompletely understood. Herein, we determined the DNA methylation patterns of grey and white matter of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Brodmann area 9), an important region for higher cognitive skills that is particularly affected in various neurological diseases. For avoiding interindividual differences, we analyzed white and grey matter from the same donor using whole genome bisulfite sequencing, and for validating their biological significance, we used Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip and pyrosequencing in ten and twenty independent samples, respectively. The combination of these analysis indicated robust grey‐white matter differences in DNA methylation. What is more, cell type‐specific markers were enriched among the most differentially methylated genes. Interestingly, we also found an outstanding number of grey‐white matter differentially methylated genes that have previously been associated with Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease, as well as Multiple and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The data presented here thus constitute an important resource for future studies not only to gain insight into brain regional as well as grey and white matter differences, but also to unmask epigenetic alterations that might underlie neurological and neurodegenerative diseases.
Electrochemical reduction of CO2 for synthesis of green fuel
Authors: Malik Karan , Singh Surya , Basu Suddhasatwa , Verma Anil 
Published: January 2017

The depletion of increasing CO2 of the atmosphere and the generation of alternate fuel sources are among the biggest challenges being faced by the scientific community across the globe. This scenario has propelled work in the direction of utilization of CO2 by various methods. Electrochemical reduction of CO2 is one of the leading research areas that may be useful not only for the utilization of CO2 but also for the generation of green fuels and storage of renewable energy (solar or wind). However, the process is kinetically impeded and less selective toward a specific product and, therefore, requires efficient electrocatalysts. Much work has already been done in this field, and significant success has also been achieved. Hence, in this review paper, the potential of electrochemical reduction of CO2 for fuel generation is discussed, with special focus on electrocatalysts. The suitability of different electrocatalysts is addressed along with the possible scope for enhancing the efficiency of the process. WIREs Energy Environ 2017, 6:e244. doi: 10.1002/wene.244This article is categorized under:

Fuel Cells and Hydrogen > Climate and Environment