bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thio and Seleno Derivatives of Angelicin as Efficient Triplet Harvesting Photosensitizers: Implications in Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Mohanty Pranay , Sarang S. , Rout Saiprakash , Biswal Himansu S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is widely accepted in medical practice for its targeted induction of apoptosis in cancerous cells. Angelicin (Ang) has traditionally been known for its efficacy in cancer treatment and its capability to enter a photoexcited triplet state. This study has comprehensively assessed the effects of substituting individual chalcogen atoms at three specific positions in Angelicin, with the objective of facilitating access to this elusive triplet state to enhance its role as a photosensitizer in PDT. The study scrutinizes various enhancements and factors that are crucial for efficient triplet harvesting. The decrease in singlet‐triplet energy gap (ΔEST) and increased spin‐orbit coupling (SOC) values present numerous viable pathways for intersystem crossing (ISC), leading to the triplet manifold. The lifetime of ISC, thus, decreases from 10−5 s−1 in Ang to 10−8 s−1 in thioangelicin (TAng) and finally to 10−9 s−1 in selenoangelicin (SeAng). Additionally, this study investigates the two‐photon absorption properties of thio and seleno‐substituted Angelicin for their potentialities as non‐UV photosensitizers. The interplay between electron‐withdrawing and electron‐donating substitutions in these derivatives significantly enhances the two‐photon absorption cross‐sections (σ) to as high as 49.3 GM while shifting the absorption wavelengths towards the infrared region enabling them as efficient PDT photosensitizers.
Hydrodeoxygenation of Isoeugenol‐Derived Model Compound over Carbon‐Supported Pt and Pt‐SnS Catalysts for the Production of Sustainable Jet Fuel
Authors: Abdulkareem‐Alsultan G. , Asikin‐Mijan N. , Samidin Salma , Voon Lee Hwei , Chyuan Ong Hwai , Hwa Teo Siow , Agustiono Kurniawan Tonni , Adzahar Nur Athirah , Alomari Noor , Hin Taufiq‐Yap Yun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on the sustainable production of bio‐jet fuel through the catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of isoeugenol (IE). Sucrose‐based activated carbon supported bimetallic Platinum‐Tin metal sulphides (PtO‐SnS/AC) catalyst was prepared for HDO process. Physicochemical properties of catalysts with different spraying synthesis methods (in situ and ex situ metal doping) and Pt loading (0.1–1.0 %) were further investigated. The PtO‐SnS/AC catalysts were characterised using various techniques such as X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Both HRTEM and FESEM results show the successful preparation of a spherical nanoparticles doped over activated carbon, and Pt was dispersed on the outer shell of the particles. The catalytic HDO of IE was evaluated in a batch system and showed a high yield and conversion as follows: IE conversion of 100 %, liquid‐phase mass balance of 95.92 %, dihydroeugenol (DH) conversion of 99.32 %, propylcyclohexane (PCH) yield of 88.94 % and 2‐methoxy‐4‐propylcyclohexanol (HYD) yield of 76.19 %. Moreover, the PtO‐SnS/AC catalyst exhibited high reusability with low metal leaching and high coke resistance for 10 cycles. The catalyst was evaluated in a continuous flow reactor for 100 h at different reaction temperatures, and interestingly, the catalyst showed low deactivation with a high half‐time.
Design of a high gain self‐triplexing directive antenna using SIW leaky wave technique
Authors: Kumar Harsh , Srivastava Garima , Kumar Sachin 
Published: September 2024

SummaryIn this paper, a high gain self‐triplexing antenna based on the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) leaky wave technology is presented for tri‐frequency operation. Three identical T‐shaped slots are embedded on the upper layer of the proposed SIW antenna, which are energized by two tapered microstrip lines and a simple microstrip line; and the antenna resonates at three different frequencies (7.75 GHz, 9.1 GHz, and 10.15 GHz). The transverse part of the T‐slot achieves the first band (8.8 to 9.3 GHz), while the longitudinal part of the T‐slot achieves the second band (9.6 to 10.9 GHz), and when excited transversely, the T‐slot achieves the third band (7.5 to 8.2 GHz). The isolation level between the ports is more than 25 dB, which contributes to the phenomenon of self‐triplexing. The gain of the presented antenna is high when compared with other self‐triplexing antennas.
Ring‐Opening Reactions of Donor‐Acceptor Cyclopropanes with Enolizable 5‐Mercapto‐1H‐tetrazoles
Authors: Mlostoń Grzegorz , Celeda Małgorzata , Kowalczyk Mateusz , Oliver Gwyndaf A. , Werz Daniel B. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDiversely substituted dimethyl 2‐arylcyclopropane‐1,1‐dicarboxylates (DACD) react under mild conditions, at ambient temperature in the presence of catalytic scandium triflate, with enolizable 5‐meracaptotetrazoles. Most commonly, this yields the corresponding 1 : 1 adducts via insertion of the S‐atom into the strained C,C bond, leading to ring‐opening. Control experiments performed with dimethyl 2‐phenylcyclopropane‐1,1‐dicarboxylate and 1‐methyl‐5‐mercapto‐1H‐tetrazole demonstrated that the initial product of the reaction is the corresponding sulfane, formed via S‐insertion. However, thermal rearrangement performed at 60 °C led to the formation of the isomeric N‐insertion product. This rearrangement is accelerated by electron‐donating substituents present at the para–position of the arene. In contrast, electron‐withdrawing substituents prevent this rearrangement at room temperature, and in these examples the S‐insertion products were formed exclusively.
Detection of Diclofenac and Carbamazepine using Voltammetry and Flow Injection Analysis at Boron‐Doped Diamond Thin‐Film Electrodes
Authors: Jacobs Aaron I. , Zwane Simphiwe , Jarošová Romana , Zamora Marissa D. , Kuvarega Alex T. , Swain Greg 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe electrochemical detection of two pharmaceuticals, diclofenac (DCF) and carbamazepine (CBZ), was investigated as an oxidation current using boron‐doped nanocrystalline diamond (BDD) thin‐film electrodes. Both voltammetry and flow injection analysis with amperometric detection (FIA‐EC) were used to measure the drugs in standard solutions and a urine simulant. The oxidation potential for DCF was ca. 0.7 V vs. Ag/AgCl (3 M KCl) in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) and was ca. 1.2 V for CBZ in 0.1 M perchloric acid. The DCF oxidation reaction was diffusion controlled at the detection potential with evidence of some surface fouling by reaction products. The CBZ oxidation reaction was also controlled by diffusion at the detection potential, but with no surface fouling. The voltammetric peak currents for both drugs increased linearly with the concentration in the micromolar range (r2≥0.994). FIA‐EC analysis of DCF and CBZ revealed a linear dynamic range from at least 0.1 to 100 μM with the actual minimum concentration detectable (S/N=3) being less than the lowest concentration measured. The recovery percentage for DCF in the urine simulant ranged from 94–108% and from 97–100% for CBZ, both assessed using square wave voltammetry. FIA‐EC data revealed that the BDD electrodes offer excellent intra and inter‐electrode repeatability with an RSD for DCF and CBZ of 4.90% and 3.81%, respectively. The BDD electrode provided good reproducibility and response stability over eight days of continuous use detecting both DCF and CBZ. Overall, BDD electrodes are a viable material for the sensitive, selective, and reproducible electrochemical detection of these two pharmaceuticals.
Electroencephalographic compatibility with fitness to drive: A nationwide survey among Swiss neurologists
Authors: Spöndlin Leo , Hardmeier Martin , Sutter Raoul , Lee Jong Woo , Rüegg Stephan , Fisch Urs 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe Swiss guidelines for driving with epilepsy require that electroencephalogram (EEG) findings must be compatible with the fitness to drive (FTD) without specifying any criteria. This nationwide survey investigated how Swiss neurologists implement this requirement in clinical practice.MethodsAn online survey, including 19 EEG examples and statements about the compatibility of the EEG with FTD, was distributed to all members of the Swiss Society of Clinical Neurophysiology and all Swiss neurological clinics with residency programs. Descriptive statistics and Fleiss' Kappa for inter‐rater agreement were performed.Results102 participants (37% female, 45% <45 years) completed the survey, with 15% primarily working in a specialized epileptology center (EPI), 55% in a hospital setting without epileptological focus (HOS), and 30% in private practice (PP). Most participants of all three groups regarded EEG normal variants as compatible with FTD, while hyperventilation‐induced rhythmic slowing and some pathological patterns (e.g., frontal and temporal intermittent rhythmic delta activity [FIRDA, TIRDA], focal interictal epileptiform discharges [IED], focal seizure) were evaluated more heterogeneously. The EEG inter‐rater agreement for EPI was 0.4; 0.31 for PP; and 0.24 for HOS. No consensus was found for acceptable duration for generalized or focal IEDs. Among all participants, evaluation by an epilepsy center (85%) and reaction‐time testing (67%) were evaluated as the most useful additional examinations. However, reaction‐time testing is rarely or never performed by 58%. Most supported EEG results as part of the FTD assessment and demanded more research (both 82%).SignificanceOur survey indicates considerable heterogeneity among Swiss neurologists when evaluating the EEG findings for FTD. Inter‐rater agreement in all three groups was fair, with highest agreement among epileptologists. We noted a discrepancy between the usefulness and actual application of reaction‐time testing. More training and research are warranted to achieve rater‐independent consistency for FTD evaluation.Plain Language SummaryIn Switzerland, neurologists must consider the findings from EEG (brain waves) exams to evaluate driving safety in people with epilepsy. We surveyed Swiss neurologists, asking their opinions on this matter. We found that opinions differ among individual doctors, with the highest agreement among epilepsy specialists. We also found that some additional tests, such as reaction‐time testing, are perceived as useful but are rarely performed. The participating neurologists supported considering EEG results for driving fitness assessments but favored more precise guidelines and research.
The Effect of Repeated Capillary Refill Tests on the Cutaneous Microcirculation
Authors: Meyer Frida , Henricson Joakim , Anderson Chris D. , Wilhelms Daniel B. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe capillary refill test (CR test) is often used in emergency care, and the capillary refill time (CR time) is used to assess a patient's circulatory condition. The objective of this study was to investigate if repeated CR tests affect CR time.MethodsThirteen healthy volunteers had repeated CR tests performed on the sternum, forehead, and fingers. The tests were filmed using polarized reflectance spectroscopy and dedicated software for objective quantification of the CR time.ResultsThere were no statistical differences between the first CR test in a series and the following. However, there were statistically significant differences in CR time between the different anatomical sites.ConclusionRepeated CR tests, separated by a minimum of 2 min, do not affect CR time in healthy volunteers. The site where the test is performed is of importance for CR time.
Disturbed Dynamic Brain Activity and Neurovascular Coupling in End‐Stage Renal Disease Assessed With MRI
Authors: Jiang Yuhan , Du Wei , Li Yuan , Gao Bingbing , Liu Na , Song Qingwei , Wang Nan , Wu Jianlin , Miao Yanwei 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundPathophysiological mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment in end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) remain unclear, with limited studies on the temporal variability of neural activity and its coupling with regional perfusion.PurposeTo assess neural activity and neurovascular coupling (NVC) in ESRD patients, evaluate the classification performance of these abnormalities, and explore their relationships with cognitive function.Study TypeProspective.PopulationExactly 33 ESRD patients and 35 age, sex, and education matched healthy controls (HCs).Field Strength/SequenceThe 3.0T/3D pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling, resting‐state functional MRI, and 3D‐T1 weighted structural imaging.AssessmentDynamic (dfALFF) and static (sfALFF) fractional amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations and cerebral blood flow (CBF) were assessed. CBF‐fALFF correlation coefficients and CBF/fALFF ratio were determined for ESRD patients and HCs. Their ability to distinguish ESRD patients from HCs was evaluated, alongside assessment of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) MRI features. All participants underwent blood biochemical and neuropsychological tests to evaluate cognitive decline.Statistical TestsChi‐squared test, two‐sample t‐test, Mann–Whitney U tests, covariance analysis, partial correlation analysis, family‐wise error, false discovery rate, Bonferroni correction, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and multivariate pattern analysis. P < 0.05 denoted statistical significance.ResultsESRD patients exhibited higher dfALFF in triangular part of left inferior frontal gyrus (IFGtriang) and left middle temporal gyrus, lower CBF/dfALFF ratio in multiple brain regions, and decreased CBF/sfALFF ratio in bilateral superior temporal gyrus (STG). Compared with CBF/sfALFF ratio, dfALFF, and sfALFF, CBF/dfALFF ratio (AUC = 0.916) achieved the most powerful classification performance in distinguishing ESRD patients from HCs. In ESRD patients, decreased CBF/fALFF ratio correlated with more severe renal impairment, increased CSVD burden, and cognitive decline (0.4 < |r| < 0.6).Data ConclusionESRD patients exhibited abnormal dynamic brain activity and impaired NVC, with dynamic features demonstrating superior discriminative capacity and CBF/dfALFF ratio showing powerful classification performance.Level of Evidence1Technical EfficacyStage 1
Research on enhancing the efficiency of food safety sampling inspections in China based on Pareto's law
Authors: Li Taiping , Luo Yun , Zhao Tong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDFood safety is pivotal for public welfare and directly impacts consumer health. Food safety sampling inspections (FSSIs) are essential in detecting unqualified food products and non‐compliant manufacturers, which form an integral part of government regulatory frameworks. However, given the constraints on budgetary resources, improving the efficiency of food safety sampling inspections (EFSSIs) remains a considerable challenge in China's food quality and safety supervision. This study aims to apply Pareto's law, starting from the examination of food sample testing items and major hazard types, to theoretically analyze methods for improving the EFSSIs. Following the theoretical analysis, the research employs provincial food sampling data from China in 2022 to empirically validate the proposed improvement strategies.RESULTSThe research findings indicate that applying Pareto's law significantly reduces the number of items that should be tested for each food subcategory, effectively lowering testing costs for each batch of food samples. Theoretically, employing Pareto's law in sampling inspections can increase the EFSSIs to 2.78 times the current observed level. Furthermore, empirical validation using food sampling data confirms that EFSSIs can be improved to 2.12 times the existing level, consistent with theoretical predictions.CONCLUSIONImplementing Pareto's law in FSSIs facilitates the detection of more unqualified food products and non‐compliant manufacturers without additional financial burden, significantly enhancing the EFSSIs. This approach provides an innovative strategy for government to bolster their food safety management efforts. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Metabolomics analysis of bioactive compositions of Michelia macclurei Dany and its antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities
Authors: Chen Shixiang , Wei Bochen , Wen Lili , Wei Penglian , Fu Yunlin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDMichelia macclurei Dandy is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, but little is understood about the bioactive compositions and biological potential of its different parts, limiting their applications. This study aims to identify the bioactive compositions and analyze differences in accumulation patterns from different parts of Michelia macclurei (heartwood, sapwood, bark, root, leaf, and fruit) using metabolomics. It also seeks to explore their biological potential and analyze the relationship between the bioactive compositions and biological potential.RESULTSA total of 63 volatile metabolites (VMs) were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) in six parts, and the VMs in each part were dominated by sesquiterpenes and their derivatives (71.40–88.32%). Six parts of Michelia macclurei contained structurally diverse non‐volatile metabolites (NVMs) with a total of 207 bioactive compounds, including 92 alkaloids, 30 flavonoids, 19 lignans, and 18 organic acids, utilizing ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS) analysis. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that the accumulation patterns of bioactive compositions differed significantly among the different parts, and the 25 VMs and 72 NVMs could be considered potential markers for distinguishing the different parts of Michelia macclurei. The excellent antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory capacity of extracts of all six parts was indicated by in vitro bioactivity assays. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that the bioactive compositions in the six parts were significantly correlated with antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities.CONCLUSIONThis study offers helpful information on the distribution of bioactive compositions in different parts of Michelia macclurei and confirms the excellent antioxidant, and enzyme inhibitory potential of its extracts, which could provide scientific evidence for its potential applications in the pharmaceutical industry, cosmetics, and functional foods. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Direct competitive immunoassay method for sensitive detection of the histamine in foods based on a MI‐Cu‐GMP nanozyme marker and molecularly imprinted biomimetic antibody
Authors: Peng Xinli , Wang Siqi , Su Kaiyue , Sun Yufeng , Xu Zhixiang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDHistamine may lead to low blood pressure, skin flushing and edema when it accumulates in large amounts in the body. Therefore, establishing sensitive methods for the detection of histamine in foods is extremely important to ensure food safety and human health.RESULTSThe MI‐Cu‐GMP NPs (2‐methylimidazole‐copper‐guanosine monophosphate nanozymes) with high laccase‐like activity were synthesized. Using the prepared molecular imprinted membrane as biomimetic antibody and MI‐Cu‐GMP NPs as marker, a sensitive direct competitive biomimetic enzyme‐linked immunoassay (BELISA) method for rapid detection of the histamine in foods was developed. Under optimal conditions, the limit of detection (LOD, IC15) and sensitivity (IC50) of the BELISA method for histamine was 0.05 mg L−1 and 1.22 mg L−1, respectively. The liquor samples spiked with histamine was detected by the BELISA method with satisfactory recoveries ranging from 90.00% to 116.00%. Further, the level of histamine in three samples (cooking wine, rice vinegar and soy sauce) was tested by the BELISA and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), with no significant difference found between the two methods.CONCLUSIONGiven the advantages, the established BELISA method is expected to provide practical guidance for the monitoring of histamine in food and provides a foundation for the detection of other food hazards. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Influence of exogenous 24‐epibrassinolide on improving carotenoid content, antioxidant capacity and gene expression in germinated maize seeds
Authors: Yang Wenying , Xu Hao , Wang Fanyu , He Weiwei , Li Dajing , Guo Qingqi , Bao Yihong , Zhang Zhongyuan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundCarotenoids have various physiological functions, such as immune regulation and cancer prevention. Germination could further improve the content of carotenoids in maize seeds. In this study, yellow maize seeds (Suyu 29) were soaked and germinated with different concentrations of 24‐epibrassinolide. The changes of germination percentage, sprout length, bioactive components, antioxidant capacity and carotenoid content of the maize seeds were analyzed. Additionally, the relative expression of key genes in the carotenoid synthesis pathway was investigated.ResultsThe results showed that the sprout length, germination percentage, soluble protein, free amino acids, proline, endogenous abscisic acid, vitamin C, total phenolics and carotenoids displayed a significant increasing trend compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The activity of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase increased by 55.1% and 58.5% versus the control group, and the antioxidant capacity of 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl, 2,2‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) and ferric reducing antioxidant power was 19.8%, 13.4% and 44.1% higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the expression of genes was significantly up‐regulated (P < 0.05). Under the treatment of 0.1 mg L−1 of 24‐epibrassinolide, carotenoid content reached the highest value. The carotenoids showed a positive correspondence with antioxidant enzyme activity, antioxidant capacity and total phenolics content (P < 0.05).ConclusionThis study showed that 0.1 mg L−1 of exogenous 24‐epibrassinolide promoted the accumulation of carotenoids and improved the antioxidant capacity and the quality of germinated maize seeds. It could provide a method for the development of germinated maize products enriched in carotenoids. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.