bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Seed Treatments for Thrips Control, 1993
Authors: Reed Jack T. , Jackson C. S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides applied in-furrow were evaluated at the Plant Science Research Farm, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS. The trial was planted in an RCBD with 5 replications. Plots were 32 ft long by 4 rows wide (38 inch centers) without untreated buffer rows between plots. The soil type was Marietta sandy loam with 1.22% organic matter, 42.5% sand, 39.2% silt, 18.3% clay, and a pH of 7.4. The trial was planted 7 May under the following conditions: excellent soil moisture, soil temperature 84°F, 37.1% relative humidity and ambient temperature of 86°F. The seeding rate was 200 seed per row. Plots were planted with a Maxemerge planter equipped with Almaco seed cones and belt-cones for seed and granule application. Thrips were collected by cutting 10 plants per plot at their base and placing them into a self-sealing plastic bag for transfer to the laboratory. There the plants were washed with a bleach and soap solution onto gridded filter paper. Counts and initial species identification were made by dissection microscope.
Aphid Control in OAT, Lamberton, Mn, 1993
Authors: Noetzel David M. , Quiring Steve 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was established in a bulk field of oat. Individual plots were 25 ft x 50 ft in size. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD, replicated 4 times. Applications of chemical were made at the flag leaf stage (Jun 28) in 20 gpa total material at 40 psi pressure. Plots were combined on Aug 5, the grain dried, and yields calculated based on 14% moisture.
Caterpillar Control on Peanuts, North Carolina, 1993
Authors: Brandenburg R. L. , Royals B. M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Foliar applications of insecticides were evaluated for CEW control at the Peanut Belt Research Station in Lewiston, NC, in 1993. Each plot was 50 feet × 2 rows (36 inch centers) of NC-7 variety peanuts, and plots were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replicates. Plot ends were separated by a 5-ft barren strip and on each side by 2 buffer rows. Peanuts were grown under standard production practices in a light sandy soil with pH of 5.7 and 0.8% humic matter. Treatments were applied on 18 Aug using a CO,- powered backpack sprayer delivering approx. 25 gal of water per acre operating at 40 psi and using 8003 flat fan nozzles. Conditions at time of application were sunny and 88°F. Caterpillars were sampled on 20 Aug (2 DAT) by taking 4 standard 3-ft beat cloth counts per plot. Pretreatments counts determined the caterpillars population to be 12.0 per two 3 foot beat cloth samples. All instars were present at time of sampling. Only live caterpillars were counted for analysis. All data were transformed (square root of × + 0.5).
Apple, Phytotoxic Effects of M-Pede at Three Ph Levels, 1993
Authors: Johnson James W. , Wise John C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides were applied to mature trees in Fennville, Ml at a rate of 125 gpa with a FMC 1029 airblast sprayer. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design of nine tree blocks (including nine different varieties), replicated three times. Applications of all materials were made at petal fall and 4 and 8 cover, on 2 Jun, 20 Jul and 7 Sep. Imidan, Captan, Guthion, Nova, Thiodan, Rubigan, Bayleton, and Streptomycin were applied separately to all treatments. Evaluation of phytotoxicity was made on 22 Jun, 27 Jul, 5 Aug and 13 Sep by randomly selecting 25 leaves and fruit/tree rep. (75 leaves and fruit/variety/treatment). Leaves and fruit were rated on a 1-5 scale, for phytotoxicity where 1 = 0%, 2 = 1-25%, 3 = 26-50%, 4 = 51-75%, and 5 = 76-100% showing injury.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Velvetbean Caterpillar on Peanuts, 1993
Authors: Wolf S. P. , Mack T. P. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This field test was conducted in conventionally planted and tilled ‘Florunner’ peanuts at the Wiregrass Agricultural Experiment Substation of Auburn University at Headland, AL. Five treatments and a control were replicated 4 times in a RCBD. Each plot was 6 rows wide (36 inch row spacing) and 40 ft long. Replicates were separated by a 15 ft alley. Treatments were applied in water on 27 Aug using a boom sprayer equipped with one TX-3 nozzle per row operating at 40 psi and delivering 8.0 gal/acre. Insect populations were monitored with an 18 inch sweep net and taking 10 pendulum sweeps over the same row within each plot. Samples were taken 18 hrs before treatment and at 4 and 6 DAT.
Apple, Early Season European Red Mite Control, 1993
Authors: Johnson James W. , Wise John C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Miticides were applied to mature trees in Fennville, MI (Black - Block) at a rate of 100 gpa with a FMC 1029 airblast sprayer. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design of single trees replicated 4 times. Applications of all materials were made as indicated in the table on 30 Apr (1/2 Green), 4 May (Tight Cluster), 7 May (Tight Cluster), 10 May (Pink), 18 May (Bloom), 1 Jun (Petal Fall), and 10 Jun (1C). Rubigan, Bayleton, Nova, Captan and Streptomycin were applied separately to all treatments. Evaluations were made on 25 May, 1, 7, 15 and 23 Jun by picking 50 randomly selected leaves per tree (total of 200 leaves per treatment). Mite counts were made by brushing leaves in a mite-brushing machine and counting eggs and motile forms of ERM, and adult predatory mites (AF and ZM), under a microscope.
Control of Soybean Looper and Beet Armyworm on Soybean in North Louisiana, 1993
Authors: Wier Alan T. , Boethel David J. , Thomas James D. , Leonard B. Roger , Burris Eugene 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two field experiments were conducted to evaluate control of soybean looper and beet armyworm on soybean with several insecticides. In Test 1, insecticides were applied to plots measuring 15.2 m long × 8 rows (0.5 m spacing) located at the Northeast Research Station near St. Joseph (Tensas Parish), LA. Plots were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replication blocks. Insecticides were applied with a tractor and compressed air sprayer calibrated to deliver 93.5 liters/ha at 3.8 kg/cm2 through TX12 hollow cone nozzles (2 per row). Insecticides were applied on 24 Aug to ‘Davis’ soybeans in the R5 growth stage. In Test 2, experimental design, number of replications, nozzle size and type, and spray volume per hectare were identical to Test 1. Plots that measured 12.2 m long by 4 rows (1 m spacing) were located at the Macon Ridge Research Station near Winnsboro (Franklin Parish), LA. Sprayer pressure was 2.8 kg/cm2. Insecticides were applied on 25 Aug to ‘Buckshot 723’ soybeans in the R3 growth stage. Posttreatment samples consisted of one set of 25 sweeps per plot (0.38 m diam muslin net), taken 2 and 6 DAT, or 2 and 7 DAT in Tests 1 or 2, respectively. Precipitation did not occur throughout the duration of both tests and plots were not irrigated. Both test areas were treated with methyl parathion before the experiments. Test 1 was treated with 0.56 kg (AI)/ha 2 wk before experimental treatments were applied and Test 2 was treated with 0.28 kg (AI)/ha 3 wk before experimental treatments were applied.
Pear, Pink and Petal Fall Timing of Manzate, 1993
Authors: Hilton Richard , VanBuskirk Philip , Westigard Peter 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Applications were made to 20 year-old Bosc and Cornice pear trees using a commercial air-carrier sprayer set to deliver 200 gpa. Each treatment was composed of 5, 20-tree replicates. Manzate 200 DF at either 6 or 8 lb formulated/acre was applied at pink bud (5 Apr), petal fall (28 Apr) or at both timings. Morestan 25 WP (5 lb/ac) was applied at the pink stage and used as the standard treatment. Estimates of PP nymphal densities were made by counts on 20 fruit cluster leaves/rep. Adult PP were recorded from 3 beating tray samples per replication.
Black Cutworm and Sod Webworm Control on Typical Course Putting Green Turf, Franklin County, Oh, 1993
Authors: Shetlar D. J. , Power K. T. , Williamson R. C. , Richmond D. , Niemczyk H. D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The study was located on range 1 and 2 of the The Ohio State University Turfgrass Research Center, Columbus, OH. Insecticides were applied 12 Aug to plots 4 × 8 ft (1.2 × 2.4 m) arranged in a RCB, replicated 3 times. Granular insecticides were applied using a drop spreader and liquids using a CO2 sprayer with Teejet RX8004VS nozzles at 30 psi (2.11 kg/cm2) pressure that delivered a volume of 1 gal/1000 ft2 (407 liter/ha). Treatments were not irrigated but the entire plot received approximately ¼ inch (6 mm) of irrigation between 4:00 and 5:00 AM each day. Environmental conditions at time of treatment were as follows. Turf: level, 0.5 inch (13 mm) height, light dew present. Thatch: loose, moist, ¼ inch (6.4 mm) or less. Soil: very moist, 78°F (25.6°C) at 1 inch (2.5 cm), 73°F (22.8°C) at 3 inch (7.6 cm), sandy clay. Weather: sunny, 79°F (26.1°C), 5-10 mph (8-16 km/ h) wind. Efficacy data taken 16 Aug (4 DAT) and 26 Aug (14 DAT) were based on the number of BCW and SWW larvae flushed in a 1 yd2 (0.84 m2) area using a soap irritant of 15 ml Joy dishwashing detergent in 2 gal (7.6 liter) water.
Apple Aphid Control on Crabapples, 1993
Authors: Miller Fredric 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Forty-eight aphid infested crabapple understock seedlings growing outside in one qt pots were selected for study. Treatments were randomly assigned to each of four single plant replications. Prior to spraying (0 DAT) and at 3, 7 and 14 DAT, a two inch segment of the growing terminal was examined and the total number of live aphids recorded. Treatments of chlorpyrifos, M-pede, and Talstar were applied until drip using a one qt capacity, hand-held Polysprayer. Aphids that were shriveled and that failed to exhibit movement after repeated proddings were considered dead. Temperature at the time of application was approximately 80°F with approximately 50% RH.
Knockdown Activity of Insecticide Formulations, 1990-1991
Authors: Reid Byron L. , Dryden Michael W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Contact action against cat flea adults was examined for 3 ready-to-use veterinary products: Duratrol Household Flea Spray (0.5% chlorpyrifos), 3M-89226 (0.5% chlorpyrifos and 0.2% esbiothrin), and Siphotrol Plus II House Treatment (0.007% methoprene, 0.225% chlorpyrifos, 0.5% pyrethrins, 0.1% piperonyl butoxide, 0.165% MGK 264). White, 100% nylon carpet (medium pile) was cut to 28-cm diam disks and placed at the bottom of a metal can (35 cm high); carpets were acclimated in environmental cabinets (25°C, 80% RH) 24 h before treatment. Twenty-five adult fleas (&lt;5 d old) were released onto carpets 30 min before treatment. Insecticide dilutions were applied with a mechanized sprayer according to label directions, with an 800IE (flat-fan) nozzle at a constant 25 psi from a nozzle height of 45 cm. At 6 intervals after treatment (range: 0.5 to 12 h), knockdown was assessed by aspirating live fleas (crawling or jumping). These were transferred to petri dishes lined with filter paper, held overnight (at 25°C and 80% RH), and assessed 1 DAT to determine mortality. At 1 DAT, mortality in fleas knocked down at the initial inspection was confirmed. Observations are reported as: 1) knockdown at intervals after treatment and 2) overall mortality at 1 DAT. Three replicates were conducted in a randomized complete block design and ANOVA, followed by a LSD test (P = 0.05), evaluated comparative efficacy among products
Residual Activity of Insecticides on Dendrobium for Control of Orchid Weevils, 1993
Authors: Hara A. H. , Hata T. Y. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Bioassay tests were conducted from 10 Mar through 8 Apr (study 1) and 31 Aug through 22 Sep (study 2) at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, Waiakea Experiment Station in Hilo, HI. Established plants ‘Uniwai Supreme’ (study 1), and ‘Uniwai Pearl’ (study 2) growing in 0.5 inch crushed basalt rock under a Conley cold frame greenhouse (6 mil. clear FVG 3HLFI polyethylene film covering) were used in this study. Insecticides were applied once at 1,375 liters/ha using a compressed air sprayer with a 8004 Teejet nozzle at 40 psi. Sixteen leaves per treatment, 4 leaves per replicate, were removed weekly from the plant and placed into 12.0 × 10.5 cm unwaxed paper containers. Ten orchid weevils, field collected on bamboo orchids, Arundina graminifolia (D. Don) Hochr., were added to each container and covered with organdy. In study 1, leaf residues were assayed 7, 14, and 21 d after treatment. Weevil mortality and the number of feeding marks (injury) were assessed using a 5d exposure period. In study 2, residues were bioassayed 7 and 14 d after treatment and mortality and injury were assessed after a 2 d exposure period.
Citrus Rust Mite (CRM) Control, 1992
Authors: Knapp J. L. , Anderson H. E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Treatments were applied to randomized 0.66 acre plots replicated 3 times. Applications were made with an FMC 1090 Crop Care System air blast sprayer on 15-16 Jul 1992 in 250 gal/acre. Temperatures during spraying ranged from 83° to 94°F and the RH was 65% to 70%. Winds were less than 3 mph with no significant rainfall during application. The trees were mature ‘Valencia’, planted at 12.5 × 30 ft spacing (116 trees/acre). Twenty-five fruit were examined around the canopy of 2 randomly selected trees in each of the 3 replications, for a total of 6 trees per treatment. A 1 cm2 area was examined on each of 2 shaded sides/fruit. The 2 counts/fruit were combined and recorded as one observation.
Control of Pepper Weevil with Azadirachtin and Synthetic Insecticides on Bell Pepper, Spring 1994
Authors: Stansly P. A. , Conner J. M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Greenhouse raised bell pepper seedlings were transplanted on 7 Feb, 12 inches apart between plants in single rows on raised beds covered with black polyethylene film mulch. Beds were prepared by fumigation with 33/67 chloropicrin/methyl bromide at 220 lbs/acre and fertilized with a bottom mix of 800 lbs/acre of 5-16-8 and a top mix of 1000 lbs/acre of 19-0-30. Rows were 240 feet long on 12 foot centers and watered by subirrigation. Two rows were divided into 4 blocks of 120 feet, each block consisting of 6, 20-ft plots. Plants were sprayed weekly with a fungicide rotating between a mix of 3.0 lbs Kocide DF plus 1.0 lb/acre Maneb 80 W and Bravo applied at 32 oz/acre. Six treatments were assigned to each block in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Applications were made on 9 consecutive weeks starting 14 Mar using a 12 tank sprayer equipped with a diaphragm pump powered by a gasoline engine. The sprayer was mounted on a small trailer pulled by a 4-wheel drive Suzuki ATV at 2 MPH. Spray was distributed by a single row boom consisting of 2 side drops with 2 nozzles each and one over the row nozzle for a total of 5 nozzles. Albuz ATR® “red” ceramic tipped nozzles were used at 80 PSI of pump pressure for a delivery rate of 35 gal/acre. An adjuvant, ASPA 80® (Amway Corp.), was added to treatments containing Lorsban, Vydate and Karate at 0.05% v/v and NeemGuard® at 0.14% v/v for the Azadirachtin 4.5%. Following a pretreatment count which yielded an average of 0.13 weevils per 10 plant sample per block, adult weevils were counted weekly on 10 randomly selected plants per plot and bud and fruit drop caused by weevils was evaluated. Aphid infestations on these plants were evaluated by visually rating on a scale of 1 to 5 beginning 5 Apr. Aphid parasitism was evaluated beginning on 25 Apr by counting mummies and nonparasitized apterous aphids from 9 leaves per plot treated with Lorsban and control. Ten plants from each plot were harvested and graded for marketability on 9 May. Nonmarketable fruit was further graded into 3 categories based on type of damage.
Comparison of Admire Application Methods, 1994
Authors: Hoy Casey W. , Dunlap Michael J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Gemchip’ potatoes were planted 8 Jun at the Fry Farm, OARDC, Wooster, OH. Plant spacing was 36 inches between rows and 9 inches between plants. Fertilizer was applied at planting (1750 lb/acre 10-20-20). The Admire 2F soil treatment was applied at planting using a CO2 compression sprayer at 40 psi with a 8004 flat fan nozzle delivering the insecticide into the seed furrow. The field was treated on 7 Jun with 0.75 lb/acre of Sencor DF. Fungicide, Dithane at 2.0 lb/acre, was applied 12, 19, 26 Jul, 3, 18, 26 Aug, 2 Sep, and Penncozeb at 2.0 lb/acre was applied 10 Aug. Paraquat, lpt/acre, was applied 21 Sep as a vine killer. Plots were two rows wide and 50 ft in length, with 12 ft alleys separating plots and 6 ft alleys separating blocks. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Foliar treatments initiated when the first generation larvae were increasing in the plots were applied 12 and 26 Jul with a tractor mounted drop nozzle boom sprayer delivering 50 gal/acre at 50 psi with three D-4 hollow cone nozzles/row. Number of eggs, small (instar 1-2), large (instar 3-4) larvae, and adults were counted and percent defoliation was visually estimated in five 1-m lengths of row per plot weekly. PLH nymphs were sampled by visually inspecting 5 compound leaves per plot. Potatoes were harvested 10 Oct with all grading finished by 12 Oct.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control on Potatoes with Microbial Insecticides, 1994
Authors: Linduska James J. , Ross Marylee , Mulford Karen , Nottingham John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Kennebec’ potatoes were planted in 20 foot rows on 11 Apr, ‘94. Plots consisted of a single treatment row. The distance between rows was 64 inches and the distance between plants within the row was 10 inches. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 1.5 gallons of water and applied with a custom built compressed air row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by 6 drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/acre at 30 psi. Treatments were applied 31 May, and 8 Jun. Plots were treated with Asana XL 0.05 lb Al/A and PBO 8EC 0.375 lb Al/acre on 21 and 28 Jun to control Colorado potato beetle adults. In evaluating the treatments, direct counts of the number of CPB adults, larvae and egg masses/10 plants and the % defoliation were recorded. Defoliation categories were assigned using a pretransformed defoliation rating scale, based on dividing 90° into 13 steps corresponding to arcsin transformation values (Little & Hills 1978). Yields were taken on 8 Jul from 20 feet of row.
Control of Melon Thrips in Squash, 1994
Authors: Seal D. R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Squash (‘Dixie’) was planted in Homestead on 31 Mar 1992. Plant spacing was 0.3 m in the row and 0.9 m between rows. Plants were fertilized with 1890 kg/ha with granular fertilizer (8:16:16) on two dates at planting and 2 wk after planting. Plots were four rows, 12 m long. Eight treatments were arranged in randomized complete blocks with four replications. All treatments were compared with a nontreated check. Dilution of all foliar sprays were at the rate of 100 gpa. Foliar application of insecticides were made using a backpack sprayer at 30 psi. Payload was applied in furrow by the seed row two weeks after planting. Insecticides were evaluated by collecting samples consisting of five matured leaves (one/plant) from the center of two middle rows of each treatment plot on each of three sampling dates 26 Apr, 1 and 6 May 1994. Leaves were washed with 70% alcohol and numbers of thrips adults and larvae in each sample were recorded using a stereo microscope.
Insect Control on Fresh Market Tomatoes in West-Central Florida, Fall 1993
Authors: Schuster David J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Transplants were set 10 Sep, 18 inches apart on 8-inch-high beds of EauGallie fine sand covered with white polyethylene mulch. Each plot consisted of a single 15 ft row with rows on 5 ft centers. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design and were applied with a 2.5 gal, hand-held CO2-powered sprayer on 29 Sep, 8, 12, 20, 27 Oct, 5, 12, 17 Nov, 1, 8, and 18 Dec. The sprayer was operated at 60 psi and delivered 60 gpa for the first two applications, 90 gpa the next four applications, and 120 gpa for the remaining applications using a single nozzle fitted with a D-5 disk and #45 core. On 7 Dec, the numbers of leafmines and leaf rolls of the tomato pinworm were counted by two persons in a 2 min. whole plant search. On 14-15 Dec, the numbers of small (&lt;0.5 inch long) and large leafmines (&gt;0.5 inch long) were counted by two trained observers in a 1 minute whole plant search. Pinworm and leafminer damage counts of both persons were totalled. Fruit were harvested on 22 Nov, 3, 14, and 28 Dec. The number and weight of undamaged fruit and the number and weight of fruit damaged by armyworm and tomato pinworm larvae were determined.
Flea Beetle Control in Canola, 1994A
Authors: Bragg D. E. , Mayer D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Plots were planted 6 May near Pomeroy, WA, at a rate of 6 lb/acre in rows 7 inches apart. Plots were 20 × 2 ft, replicated 4 times with a RCBD, and were situated with replicates perpendicular to a grass field. Precounts (PrCt) of plant stand per 6.6 ft row, and damage on 20 randomly selected plants on a scale of 0 to 6, with 0 = no damage and 6 = total destruction, were made 22 May. Five insecticide treatments were applied with a CO2 backpack sprayer at 20 gpa and 20 psi on 23 May. Conditions at treatment were 80 F° with no wind at 4 pm. Plants were in the cotyledon stage with meristem visible. Evaluations of stand reduction and plant damage were made on 2, 5, 7, and 10 DAT. All surviving plants were in the 7-leaf rosette stage at 10 DAT.
Cabbage Aphid Control in Canola, 1994
Authors: Tanigoshi L. K. , Murray Todd A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Plots were planted 9 May on the Washington State University campus, Pullman, WA. with a small plot drill at a seeding rate of 6 lb/acre in 7 rows 6 inches apart. Plots were 20 × 20 ft, replicated 4 times in a RCBD. Seven insecticides were applied on 8 Jul to water stressed plants in the budding stage, with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer. It was equipped with a 6.75 ft boom and 6 XR Teejet 8002 flat fan nozzles with 100 mesh screen on 19 inch spacing and calibrated to deliver 21.3 gpa at 30 psi. Treatments were evaluated at 3, 7, and 14 DAT with 2 (180°) sweeps with a standard 15 inch diam sweep net. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and means separated by Fisher’s LSD.
First Generation European Corn Borer Larvicide Trial, 1994
Authors: Haas Mike , Landis Doug 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The trial was planted on 13 May at the Entomology Farm in East Lansing, Ml. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Plots were 1 row × 50 ft long and spaced 30 inches apart for all treatments except the Furadan broadcast treatment, which was 3 rows wide. Corn rootworm insecticides were included in the test to address a question asked by growers concerning whether or not control of ECB larvae is gained from a rootworm insecticide application. Five registered granular rootworm insecticides and 2 experimentals were applied at planting. Furadan 4F was applied for corn rootworm control using the guideline of spraying 10 to 20 d before rootworm egg hatch. Furadan was applied on 3 Jun as a broadcast treatment, and a band directed at the base of the plant at 20 gpa. A blackheadstage ECB egg mass was placed in the whorl of 10 consecutive plants in each plot on 27 Jun. Whorl treatments were applied on 30 Jun at the rate of 22.0 gpa. Granular materials were applied in band over the whorls. Plots were evaluated on 28 July. The number of plants with ECB tunnel damage, cavities per 10 plants, and the cm of tunneling for each treatment were recorded as a measure of the severity of the ECB damage. Means were analyzed with ANOVA and separated using DMRT.