bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Herbicide Spray Penetration into Corn and Soybean Canopies Using Air-Induction Nozzles and a Drift Control Adjuvant
Authors: Creech Cody F. , Henry Ryan S. , Hewitt Andrew J. , Kruger Greg R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDrift reduction technologies aim to eliminate the smaller droplets that occur with some sprays because these small droplets can move off-target in the wind. Commonly used drift reduction technologies such as air-induction nozzles and spray additives impact on reducing off-target movement is well documented, however, the impact on herbicide penetration into an established crop canopy is not well known. This experiment evaluated the canopy penetration and efficacy of glyphosate treatments applied using four nozzle types (XR11005, AIXR11005, AITTJ11005, and TTI11005), two carrier volume rates (94 and 187 L ha-1), and glyphosate applications with and without a commercial drift reducing adjuvant. Applications were made to corn and soybean fields using glyphosate applied at 1.26 kg ae ha-1with liquid ammonium sulfate at 5% v/v. A rhodamine dye was added (0.025% v/v) to the spray tank of each mixture as a tracer. MylarTMcards were placed in the field above the canopy, in the middle canopy, and on the ground for corn and above and below canopy for soybean. Five cards were at each position in the canopy arranged across the crop row. The addition of a drift reducing adjuvant did not impact canopy penetration. Doubling the carrier volume increased the amount of penetration proportionally and as such the percent reduction was not different. The TTI11005 nozzle had the greatest amount of spray penetration (28%) in the soybean canopies and the XR nozzle had the greatest amount (50%) in the corn canopies. Deposition across the row, beginning in-between the row crop and ending in the row of the crop was 44, 18, and 8% for soybean and 59, 50, and 36% for corn. For both crops, more than half of the herbicide application was captured in the crop canopy. Proper nozzle selection for canopy type can increase herbicide penetration and increasing the carrier volume will increase penetration proportionally.
Abnormal subchondral bone remodeling and its association with articular cartilage degradation in knees of type 2 diabetes patients
Authors: Chen Yan , Huang Yong-Can , Yan Chun Hoi , Chiu Kwong Yuen , Wei Qingjun , Zhao Jingmin , Guo X Edward , Leung Frankie , Lu William W 
Published: November 2017

AbstractType 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with systemic abnormal bone remodeling and bone loss. Meanwhile, abnormal subchondral bone remodeling induces cartilage degradation, resulting in osteoarthritis (OA). Accordingly, we investigated alterations in subchondral bone remodeling, microstructure and strength in knees from T2D patients and their association with cartilage degradation. Tibial plateaus were collected from knee OA patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty and divided into non-diabetic (n=70) and diabetes (n=51) groups. Tibial plateaus were also collected from cadaver donors (n=20) and used as controls. Subchondral bone microstructure was assessed using micro-computed tomography. Bone strength was evaluated by micro-finite-element analysis. Cartilage degradation was estimated using histology. The expression of tartrate-resistant acidic phosphatase (TRAP), osterix, and osteocalcin were calculated using immunohistochemistry. Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scores of lateral tibial plateau did not differ between non-diabetic and diabetes groups, while higher OARSI scores on medial side were detected in diabetes group. Lower bone volume fraction and trabecular number and higher structure model index were found on both sides in diabetes group. These microstructural alterations translated into lower elastic modulus in diabetes group. Moreover, diabetes group had a larger number of TRAP+ osteoclasts and lower number of Osterix+ osteoprogenitors and Osteocalcin+ osteoblasts. T2D knees are characterized by abnormal subchondral bone remodeling and microstructural and mechanical impairments, which were associated with exacerbated cartilage degradation. In regions with intact cartilage the underlying bone still had abnormal remodeling in diabetes group, suggesting that abnormal bone remodeling may contribute to the early pathogenesis of T2D-associated knee OA.
Reflective imaging improves spatiotemporal resolution and collection efficiency in light sheet microscopy
Authors: Wu Yicong , Kumar Abhishek , Smith Corey , Ardiel Evan , Chandris Panagiotis , Christensen Ryan , Rey-Suarez Ivan , Guo Min , Vishwasrao Harshad D. , Chen Jiji , Tang Jianyong , Upadhyaya Arpita , La Riviere Patrick J. , Shroff Hari 
Published: November 2017

AbstractLight-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) enables high-speed, high-resolution, and gentle imaging of live specimens over extended periods. Here we describe a technique that improves the spatiotemporal resolution and collection efficiency of LSFM without modifying the underlying microscope. By imaging samples on reflective coverslips, we enable simultaneous collection of four complementary views in 250 ms, doubling speed and improving information content relative to symmetric dual-view LSFM. We also report a modified deconvolution algorithm that removes associated epifluorescence contamination and fuses all views for resolution recovery. Furthermore, we enhance spatial resolution (to <300 nm in all three dimensions) by applying our method to single-view LSFM, permitting simultaneous acquisition of two high-resolution views otherwise difficult to obtain due to steric constraints at high numerical aperture. We demonstrate the broad applicability of our method in a variety of samples, studying mitochondrial, membrane, Golgi, and microtubule dynamics in cells and calcium activity in nematode embryos.
IL-2 imprints human naive B cell fate towards plasma cell through ERK/ELK1-mediated BACH2 repression
Authors: Hipp Nicolas , Symington Hannah , Pastoret Cédric , Caron Gersende , Monvoisin Céline , Tarte Karin , Fest Thierry , Delaloy Céline 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPlasma cell differentiation is a tightly regulated process that requires appropriate T cell helps to reach the induction threshold. To further understand mechanisms by which T cell inputs regulate B cell fate decision, we investigate the minimal IL-2 stimulation for triggering human plasma cell differentiation in vitro. Here we show that the timed repression of BACH2 through IL-2-mediated ERK/ELK1 signalling pathway directs plasma cell lineage commitment. Enforced BACH2 repression in activated B cells unlocks the plasma cell transcriptional program and induces their differentiation into immunoglobulin M-secreting cells. RNA-seq and ChIP-seq results further identify BACH2 target genes involved in this process. An active regulatory region within theBACH2super-enhancer, under ELK1 control and differentially regulated upon B-cell activation and cellular divisions, helps integrate IL-2 signal. Our study thus provides insights into the temporal regulation of BACH2 and its targets for controlling the differentiation of human naive B cells.
Intratumoral CD40 activation and checkpoint blockade induces T cell-mediated eradication of melanoma in the brain
Authors: Singh Manisha , Vianden Christina , Cantwell Mark J. , Dai Zhimin , Xiao Zhilan , Sharma Meenu , Khong Hiep , Jaiswal Ashvin R. , Faak Faisal , Hailemichael Yared , Janssen L. M. E. , Bharadwaj Uddalak , Curran Michael A. , Diab Adi , Bassett Roland L. , Tweardy David J. , Hwu Patrick , Overwijk Willem W. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCD40 agonists bind the CD40 molecule on antigen-presenting cells and activate them to prime tumor-specific CD8+ T cell responses. Here, we study the antitumor activity and mechanism of action of a nonreplicating adenovirus encoding a chimeric, membrane-bound CD40 ligand (ISF35). Intratumoral administration of ISF35 in subcutaneous B16 melanomas generates tumor-specific, CD8+ T cells that express PD-1 and suppress tumor growth. Combination therapy of ISF35 with systemic anti-PD-1 generates greater antitumor activity than each respective monotherapy. Triple combination of ISF35, anti-PD-1, and anti-CTLA-4 results in complete eradication of injected and noninjected subcutaneous tumors, as well as melanoma tumors in the brain. Therapeutic efficacy is associated with increases in the systemic level of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells, and an increased ratio of intratumoral CD8+ T cells to CD4+ Tregs. These results provide a proof of concept of systemic antitumor activity after intratumoral CD40 triggering with ISF35 in combination with checkpoint blockade for multifocal cancer, including the brain.
Regulation of angiotensin II actions by enhancers and super-enhancers in vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Das Sadhan , Senapati Parijat , Chen Zhuo , Reddy Marpadga A. , Ganguly Rituparna , Lanting Linda , Mandi Varun , Bansal Anita , Leung Amy , Zhang Selena , Jia Ye , Wu Xiwei , Schones Dustin E. , Natarajan Rama 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAngiotensin II (AngII) promotes hypertension and atherosclerosis by activating growth-promoting and pro-inflammatory gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Enhancers and super-enhancers (SEs) play critical roles in driving disease-associated gene expression. However, enhancers/SEs mediating VSMC dysfunction remain uncharacterized. Here, we show that AngII alters vascular enhancer and SE repertoires in cultured VSMCs in vitro, ex vivo, and in AngII-infused mice aortas in vivo. AngII-induced enhancers/SEs are enriched in binding sites for signal-dependent transcription factors and dependent on key signaling kinases. Moreover, CRISPR-Cas9-mediated deletion of candidate enhancers/SEs, targeting SEs with the bromodomain and extra-terminal domain inhibitor JQ1, or knockdown of overlapping long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) blocks AngII-induced genes associated with growth-factor signaling and atherosclerosis. Furthermore, JQ1 ameliorates AngII-induced hypertension, medial hypertrophy and inflammation in vivo in mice. These results demonstrate AngII-induced signals integrate enhancers/SEs and lncRNAs to increase expression of genes involved in VSMC dysfunction, and could uncover novel therapies.
PTK6 regulates growth and survival of endocrine therapy-resistant ER+ breast cancer cells
Authors: Ito Koichi , Park Sun Hee , Katsyv Igor , Zhang Weijia , De Angelis Carmine , Schiff Rachel , Irie Hanna Y. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe non-receptor tyrosine kinase, PTK6/BRK, is highly expressed in multiple tumor types, including prostate, ovarian, and breast cancers, and regulates oncogenic phenotypes such as proliferation, migration, and survival. PTK6 inhibition also overcomes targeted therapy resistance of HER2+ breast cancer. Although PTK6 is highly expressed in ER+ Luminal breast cancers, the role of PTK6 in this subtype has not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the functions of PTK6 in ER+ Luminal breast cancer cells, including those that are relatively resistant to estrogen deprivation or targeted endocrine therapies used in the treatment of ER+ cancers. Enhanced expression of PTK6 in ER+ breast cancer cells enhances growth of ER+ breast cancer cells, including tamoxifen-treated cells. Downregulation of PTK6 in ER+ breast cancer cells, including those resistant to tamoxifen, fulvestrant, and estrogen deprivation, induces apoptosis, as evidenced by increased levels of cleaved PARP, and an increase in the AnnexinV+ population. PTK6 downregulation impairs growth of these cells in 3D MatrigelTM cultures, and virtually abrogates primary tumor growth of both tamoxifen-sensitive and resistant MCF-7 xenografts. Finally, we show that p38 MAPK activation is critical for PTK6 downregulation-induced apoptosis, a mechanism that we previously reported for survival of HER2+ breast cancer cells, highlighting conserved mechanisms of survival regulation by PTK6 across breast cancer subtypes. In conclusion, our studies elucidate critical functions of PTK6 in ER+ Luminal breast cancers and support PTK6 as an attractive therapeutic target for ER+ breast cancers.
Concurrence of superconductivity and structure transition in Weyl semimetal TaP under pressure
Authors: Li Yufeng , Zhou Yonghui , Guo Zhaopeng , Han Fei , Chen Xuliang , Lu Pengchao , Wang Xuefei , An Chao , Zhou Ying , Xing Jie , Du Guan , Zhu Xiyu , Yang Huan , Sun Jian , Yang Zhaorong , Yang Wenge , Mao Ho-Kwang , Zhang Yuheng , Wen Hai-Hu 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWeyl semimetal defines a material with three-dimensional Dirac cones, which appear in pair due to the breaking of spatial inversion or time reversal symmetry. Superconductivity is the state of quantum condensation of paired electrons. Turning a Weyl semimetal into superconducting state is very important in having some unprecedented discoveries. In this work, by doing resistive measurements on a recently recognized Weyl semimetal TaP under pressures up to about 100 GPa, we show the concurrence of superconductivity and a structure transition at about 70 GPa. It is found that the superconductivity becomes more pronounced when decreasing pressure and retains when the pressure is completely released. High-pressure x-ray diffraction measurements also confirm the structure phase transition from I41md to P-6m2 at about 70 GPa. More importantly, ab-initial calculations reveal that the P-6m2 phase is a new Weyl semimetal phase and has only one set of Weyl points at the same energy level. Our discovery of superconductivity in TaP by high pressure will stimulate investigations on superconductivity and Majorana fermions in Weyl semimetals.
Controlled synthesis of conjugated polycarbazole polymers via structure tuning for gas storage and separation applications
Authors: Li Guoyan , Qin Long , Yao Chan , Xu Yanhong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA series of conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) based on 1,3,6,8-tetrabromocarbazole (N4CMP-1–5) is synthesized via Suzuki cross-coupling or Sonogashira polycondensation. The porosity properties and surface area of these polymer networks can be finely tuned by using a linker with different geometries or strut length. These polymers show the Brunauer-Emmett-Tellerthe (BET) surface areas ranging from 592 to 1426 m2 g−1. The dominant pore sizes of the polymers on the basis of the different linker are located between 0.36 and 0.61 nm. Gas uptake increases with BET surface area and micropore volume, N4CMP-3 polymer can capture CO2 with a capacity of 3.62 mmol g−1 (1.05 bar and 273 K) among the obtained polymers. All of the polymers show high isosteric heats of CO2 adsorption (25.5–35.1 kJ mol−1), and from single component adsorption isotherms, IAST-derived ideal CO2/N2 (28.7–53.8), CO2/CH4 (4.6–5.2) and CH4/N2 (5.7–10.5) selectivity. Furthermore, N4CMPs exhibit the high CO2 adsorption capacity of 542–800 mg g−1 at 318 K and 50 bar pressure. These data indicate that these materials are a promising potential for clean energy application and environmental field.
Hidden Magnetic States Emergent Under Electric Field, In A Room Temperature Composite Magnetoelectric Multiferroic
Authors: Clarkson J. D. , Fina I. , Liu Z. Q. , Lee Y. , Kim J. , Frontera C. , Cordero K. , Wisotzki S. , Sanchez F. , Sort J. , Hsu S. L. , Ko C. , Aballe L. , Foerster M. , Wu J. , Christen H. M. , Heron J. T. , Schlom D. G. , Salahuddin S. , Kioussis N. , Fontcuberta J. , Marti X. , Ramesh R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe ability to control a magnetic phase with an electric field is of great current interest for a variety of low power electronics in which the magnetic state is used either for information storage or logic operations. Over the past several years, there has been a considerable amount of research on pathways to control the direction of magnetization with an electric field. More recently, an alternative pathway involving the change of the magnetic state (ferromagnet to antiferromagnet) has been proposed. In this paper, we demonstrate electric field control of the Anomalous Hall Transport in a metamagnetic FeRh thin film, accompanying an antiferromagnet (AFM) to ferromagnet (FM) phase transition. This approach provides us with a pathway to “hide” or “reveal” a given ferromagnetic region at zero magnetic field. By converting the AFM phase into the FM phase, the stray field, and hence sensitivity to external fields, is decreased or eliminated. Using detailed structural analyses of FeRh films of varying crystalline quality and chemical order, we relate the direct nanoscale origins of this memory effect to site disorder as well as variations of the net magnetic anisotropy of FM nuclei. Our work opens pathways toward a new generation of antiferromagnetic – ferromagnetic interactions for spintronics.
A real-time Global Warming Index
Authors: Haustein K. , Allen M. R. , Forster P. M. , Otto F. E. L. , Mitchell D. M. , Matthews H. D. , Frame D. J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe propose a simple real-time index of global human-induced warming and assess its robustness to uncertainties in climate forcing and short-term climate fluctuations. This index provides improved scientific context for temperature stabilisation targets and has the potential to decrease the volatility of climate policy. We quantify uncertainties arising from temperature observations, climate radiative forcings, internal variability and the model response. Our index and the associated rate of human-induced warming is compatible with a range of other more sophisticated methods to estimate the human contribution to observed global temperature change.
Effect of Time-Delayed Feedback on the Interaction of a Dimer System with its Environment
Authors: Farhat M. , Kais S. , Alharbi F. H. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this work, we report modeling of non-Markovian open quantum systems, consisting of an excitonic dimer that displays memory effect due to time delayed interaction with its environment. We, indeed investigate the effect of these time delays on quantum coherence and excitation dynamical behavior in the time domain generally considered for photosynthetic experiments (few hundred femtoseconds). In particular, we show that the coherence is maintained for periods proportional to time delays. Additionally, if delay is taken into account, coupling to the environment can be tuned to lower values, unlike in previous studies. This kind of intriguing effect can, therefore, when generalized to complete systems, permit more control on the experimental parameters, which may lead to more accurate description of the photosynthetic energy transfer functioning and subsequent applications in artificial photovoltaic research.
A Study on Image Quality in Polarization-Resolved Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy
Authors: Stanciu Stefan G. , Ávila Francisco J. , Hristu Radu , Bueno Juan M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSecond harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy represents a very powerful tool for tissue characterization. Polarization-resolved SHG (PSHG) microscopy extends the potential of SHG, by exploiting the dependence of SHG signals on the polarization state of the excitation beam. Among others, this dependence translates to the fact that SHG images collected under different polarization configurations exhibit distinct characteristics in terms of content and appearance. These characteristics hold deep implications over image quality, as perceived by human observers or by image analysis methods custom designed to automatically extract a quality factor from digital images. Our work addresses this subject, by investigating how basic image properties and the outputs of no-reference image quality assessment methods correlate to human expert opinion in the case of PSHG micrographs. Our evaluation framework is based on SHG imaging of collagen-based ocular tissues under different linear and elliptical polarization states of the incident light.
The food-borne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni responds to the bile salt deoxycholate with countermeasures to reactive oxygen species
Authors: Negretti Nicholas M. , Gourley Christopher R. , Clair Geremy , Adkins Joshua N. , Konkel Michael E. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBile plays an important role in digestion, absorption of fats, and the excretion of waste products, while concurrently providing a critical barrier against colonization by harmful bacteria. Previous studies have demonstrated that gut pathogens react to bile by adapting their protein synthesis. The ability of pathogens to respond to bile is remarkably complex and still incompletely understood. Here we show that Campylobacter jejuni, a leading bacterial cause of human diarrheal illness worldwide, responds to deoxycholate, a component of bile, by altering global gene transcription in a manner consistent with a strategy to mitigate exposure to reactive oxygen stress. More specifically, continuous growth of C. jejuni in deoxycholate was found to: 1) induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS); 2) decrease succinate dehydrogenase activity (complex II of the electron transport chain); 3) increase catalase activity that is involved in H2O2 breakdown; and 4) result in DNA strand breaks. Congruently, the addition of 4-hydroxy-TEMPO (TEMPOL), a superoxide dismutase mimic that reacts with superoxide, rescued the growth of C. jejuni cultured in the presence of deoxycholate. We postulate that continuous exposure of a number of enteric pathogens to deoxycholate stimulates a conserved survival response to this stressor.
Xanthine oxidoreductase activity is associated with serum uric acid and glycemic control in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Nakatani Ayumi , Nakatani Shinya , Ishimura Eiji , Murase Takayo , Nakamura Takashi , Sakura Mari , Tateishi Yu , Tsuda Akihiro , Kurajoh Masafumi , Mori Katsuhito , Emoto Masanori , Inaba Masaaki 
Published: November 2017

AbstractXanthine oxidoreductase activity (XOR-a) plays an important role as a pivotal source of reactive oxygen species. In the present study, we investigated factors associated with plasma XOR-a in 163 hemodialysis patients (age 67.3 ± 10.9 years; 89 males and 74 females), using a newly established, highly-sensitive assay based on [13C2,15N2] xanthine and liquid chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Plasma glucose and serum uric acid levels correlated significantly and positively with plasma XOR-a. In multiple regression analyses, the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and plasma glucose were associated significantly, independently, and positively with plasma XOR-a. While serum uric acid correlated significantly and positively with plasma XOR-a in hemodialysis patients without T2DM, plasma glucose and serum glycated albumin, a new marker of glycemic control in diabetic hemodialysis patients, correlated significantly and positively with plasma XOR-a in those with T2DM. Multivariate analyses in those with T2DM revealed that plasma glucose and serum glycated albumin were associated significantly and independently with plasma XOR-a, and that serum uric acid was associated significantly and independently with XOR-a in those without T2DM. Our results suggested that glycemic control in hemodialysis patients may be important in regard to a decrease in ROS induced by XOR.