bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Record of <i>Aedes aegypti</i> (L.) Vector of Dengue Virus from Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Gautam Ishan , Dhimal Megh Nath , Shrestha Shambhu Raj , Tamrakar Anand Shova 
Published: January 2018

Aedes aegypti is the primary vector for the transmission of Dengue Fever (DF)/Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF). Entomological investigations on breeding habitats and larval prevalence of mosquitoes Aedes aegypti (L.) and Ae. albopictus (Skuse) were conducted from April to June 2009 in Kathmandu district, Nepal. Different water-filled containers were examined for the presence or absence of Aedes larvae. Larval survey techniques were used to obtain the House Index (HI), Container Index (CI) and Breteau Index (BI). The over all HI, CI and BI for Aedes aegypti were 6.25, 4.83, 9.37 and for Aedes albopictus were 6.25, 3.22 and 6.25 respectively. It was also observed that discarded tires lying outdoors were the preferred breeding habitats. No breeding was observed in other containers in April and May during this three months survey. Herewith, we report the first collection and identification of Aedes aegypti in Kathmandu during June, 2009. Indeed, this finding constitutes the first record from the capital of Nepal within the urban agglomeration of Basundhara and Gongabu-Balaju area.Therefore, DF/DHF transmission risk may occur locally if imported cases are introduced. Key Words: Aedes aegypti; Ae. albopictus; Kathmandu; First record; Dengue Fever.Journal of Natural History MuseumVol 24, 2009.Page:
Determinants of perioperative transfusion risk in patients with adult spinal deformity
Authors: Puvanesarajah Varun , Rao Sandesh S. , Hassanzadeh Hamid , Kebaish Khaled M. 
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVETo determine predictors of perioperative allogeneic packed red blood cell (pRBC) transfusion requirement (total units transfused) in patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD).METHODSThe authors retrospectively analyzed records of patients aged 18 years or older who underwent surgical correction of ASD that involved 4 or more spinal levels by the same spine surgeon between 2010 and 2016. Data regarding patient characteristics, comorbidities, surgical factors, and perioperative transfusions (up to 10 days after surgery) were analyzed using a linear regression model. Significance was set at p < 0.05.RESULTSThe authors analyzed 165 patients (118 women) with a mean (± SD) age of 61 ± 12 years. Three-column osteotomies were associated with a mean intraoperative transfusion volume of 1.74 additional units of pRBCs. Each unit of intraoperatively salvaged blood used was associated with a mean 0.39-U increase in postoperative transfusion volume (p = 0.031). Every unit of allogeneic blood transfused intraoperatively was associated with a mean 0.23-U decrease in postoperative transfusion volume (p = 0.001). A preoperative hemoglobin concentration of 11.5 g/dl or more was associated with significantly fewer units transfused intraoperatively; a preoperative hemoglobin concentration of 14.0 g/dl or more was associated with fewer units transfused postoperatively. A history of smoking and intraoperative antifibrinolytic use were associated with increased and decreased numbers of units transfused postoperatively, respectively.CONCLUSIONSEffective blood management is key to perioperative care of patients with ASD. Three-column osteotomies were associated with a greater number of units of blood transfused. When considering postoperative transfusion requirements, surgeons should note that intraoperative blood salvage might be inferior to intraoperative allogeneic blood transfusion. Using antifibrinolytics and increasing the preoperative hemoglobin concentration to 11.5 g/dl or more are strategies for decreasing the need for perioperative transfusion. A history of smoking is a risk factor for postoperative transfusion requirement (total units transfused).
Spectroscopic Confirmation and Velocity Dispersions for 20 Planck Galaxy Clusters at 0.16 < z < 0.78
Authors: Amodeo Stefania , Mei Simona , Stanford Spencer A. , Lawrence Charles R. , Bartlett James G. , Stern Daniel , Chary Ranga-Ram , Shim Hyunjin , Marleau Francine R. , Melin Jean-Baptiste , Rodríguez-Gonzálvez Carmen 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We present Gemini and Keck spectroscopic redshifts and velocity dispersions for 20 clusters detected via the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) effect by the Planck space mission, with estimated masses in the range

. Cluster members were selected for spectroscopic follow-up with Palomar, Gemini, and Keck optical and (in some cases) infrared imaging. Seven cluster redshifts were measured for the first time with this observing campaign, including one of the most distant Planck clusters confirmed to date, at

, PSZ2 G085.95+25.23. The spectroscopic redshift catalogs of members of each confirmed cluster are included as online tables. We show the galaxy redshift distributions and measure the cluster velocity dispersions. The cluster velocity dispersions obtained in this paper were used in a companion paper to measure the Planck mass bias and to constrain the cluster velocity bias.
Extremely Rapid X-Ray Flares of TeV Blazars in the RXTE Era
Authors: Zhu S. F. , Xue Y. Q. , Brandt W. N. , Cui W. , Wang Y. J. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Rapid flares from blazars in very high-energy (VHE) γ-rays challenge the common understanding of jets of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). The same population of ultra-relativistic electrons is often thought to be responsible for both X-ray and VHE emission. We thus systematically searched for X-ray flares at sub-hour timescales of TeV blazars in the entire Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer archival database. We found rapid flares from PKS 2005−489 and S5 0716+714, and a candidate rapid flare from 1ES 1101−232. In particular, the characteristic rise timescale of PKS 2005−489 is less than half a minute, which, to our knowledge, is the shortest among known AGN flares at any wavelengths. The timescales of these rapid flares indicate that the size of the central supermassive black hole is not a hard lower limit on the physical size of the emission region of the flare. PKS 2005−489 shows possible hard lags in its flare, which could be attributed to particle acceleration (injection); its flaring component has the hardest spectrum when it first appears. For all flares, the flaring components show similar hard spectra with

, and we estimate the magnetic field strength B ∼ 0.1–1.0 G by assuming synchrotron cooling. These flares could be caused by inhomogeneity of the jets. Models that can only produce rapid γ-ray flares but little synchrotron activity are less favorable.
Nonlocal Ohms Law, Plasma Resistivity, and Reconnection During Collisions of Magnetic Flux Ropes
Authors: Gekelman W. , DeHaas T. , Pribyl P. , Vincena S. , Compernolle B. Van , Sydora R. , Tripathi S. K. P. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The plasma resistivity was evaluated in an experiment on the collision of two magnetic flux ropes. Whenever the ropes collide, some magnetic energy is lost as a result of reconnection. Volumetric data, in which all the relevant time-varying quantities were recorded in detail, are presented. Ohm’s law is shown to be nonlocal and cannot be used to evaluate the plasma resistivity. The resistivity was instead calculated using the AC Kubo resistivity and shown to be anomalously high in certain regions of space.
An UXor among FUors: Extinction-related Brightness Variations of the Young Eruptive Star V582 Aur
Authors: Ábrahám P. , Kóspál Á. , Kun M. , Fehér O. , Zsidi G. , Acosta-Pulido J. A. , Carnerero M. I. , García-Álvarez D. , Moór A. , Cseh B. , Hajdu G. , Hanyecz O. , Kelemen J. , Kriskovics L. , Marton G. , Mező Gy. , Molnár L. , Ordasi A. , Rodríguez-Coira G. , Sárneczky K. , Sódor Á. , Szakáts R. , Szegedi-Elek E. , Szing A. , Farkas-Takács A. , Vida K. , Vinkó J. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
V582 Aur is an FU Ori-type young eruptive star in outburst since ∼1985. The eruption is currently in a relatively constant plateau phase, with photometric and spectroscopic variability superimposed. Here we will characterize the progenitor of the outbursting object, explore its environment, and analyze the temporal evolution of the eruption. We are particularly interested in the physical origin of the two deep photometric dips, one that occurred in 2012 and one that is ongoing since 2016. We collected archival photographic plates and carried out new optical, infrared, and millimeter-wave photometric and spectroscopic observations between 2010 and 2018, with a high sampling rate during the current minimum. Besides analyzing the color changes during fading, we compiled multiepoch spectral energy distributions and fitted them with a simple accretion disk model. Based on pre-outburst data and a millimeter continuum measurement, we suggest that the progenitor of the V582 Aur outburst is a low-mass T Tauri star with average properties. The mass of an unresolved circumstellar structure, probably a disk, is 0.04 M
⊙. The optical and near-infrared spectra demonstrate the presence of hydrogen and metallic lines, show the CO band head in absorption, and exhibit a variable Hα profile. The color variations strongly indicate that both the ∼1 yr long brightness dip in 2012 and the current minimum since 2016 are caused by increased extinction along the line of sight. According to our accretion disk models, the reddening changed from A

V
= 4.5 to 12.5 mag, while the accretion rate remained practically constant. Similarly to the models of the UXor phenomenon of intermediate- and low-mass young stars, orbiting disk structures could be responsible for the eclipses.
Les études médiévales dans les enseignements en France. Une rétrospective
Authors: Cerquiglini-Toulet Jacqueline 
Published: January 2018

Face à une Université réticente à intégrer les études médiévales, après l’École des Chartes (1832), la chaire de langue et de littérature du moyen âge du Collège de France (1853) et l’EPHE (1868) sont des créations soutenues par Fortoul et Duruy : les ministres chargés de réformer l’éducation sous le Second Empire perçoivent ces disciplines comme modernes face au latin et au grec, et comme scientifiques face aux Belles-Lettres et à la rhétorique. Puis en 1870, la Chanson de Roland est enseignée comme antidote à la défaite de Sedan. Désormais socles de l’histoire nationale, des textes médiévaux entrent sous la IIIe République aux programmes de plusieurs Agrégations et des lycées, tandis qu’est créée à la Sorbonne une maitrise de conférence (1877) devenue chaire magistrale (1883) de langue et de littérature françaises du moyen âge. Et c’est depuis ces diverses institutions que les médiévistes s’affrontent lors de l’affaire Dreyfus. Jusqu’à l’orée du XXe siècle, l’enseignement de la langue et de la littérature médiévales a donc été fortement lié à la vie politique du pays et à ses inflexions majeures.
Réflexions sur la place du Moyen Âge dans les programmes de français au collège
Authors: Haugeard Philippe 
Published: January 2018

S’il faut se féliciter de l’apparition, dans les nouveaux programmes de français au collège, de la notion de « questionnement » associée au choix et à l’étude des textes littéraires, on peut regretter que cette apparition ne se soit pas accompagnée d’une réflexion nouvelle sur la place du Moyen Âge, lequel continue de n’être explicitement recommandé que dans les classes de 6ème et de 5ème, comme si la littérature médiévale constituait naturellement une sorte de littérature pour la jeunesse, voire pour l’enfance, ce qu’elle n’est évidemment pas. Il convient donc, d’une part, de condamner l’édulcoration mutilante dont la littérature médiévale se trouve être régulièrement l’objet (voir les manuels scolaires), et, d’autre part, de revendiquer pour elle la place qu’appellent la nature, la complexité et la diversité de son potentiel de questionnement, sans aucun doute susceptibles d’attiser la curiosité et de susciter l’intérêt d’esprits déjà formés, comme ceux des adolescents ou des jeunes adultes.
Ponts et carrefours : enjeux pour la littérature médiévale des pratiques interdisciplinaires au collège
Authors: Grodet Mathilde 
Published: January 2018

Si la recherche en littérature médiévale se nourrit depuis longtemps du dialogue entre les disciplines, les pratiques interdisciplinaires dans l’enseignement supérieur restent rares. A l’inverse, dans le secondaire, l’interdisciplinarité se développe depuis une quinzaine d’années avec la volonté affichée de renouveler les approches pédagogiques. L’organisation des enseignements, mise en œuvre dans le cadre de la réforme du collège, accorde une importance accrue à l’interdisciplinarité dans l’apprentissage des élèves. Mais quelle place pour la littérature médiévale dans les nouveaux dispositifs interdisciplinaires au collège ? Souvent limités à la classe de 5e et à des partenariats avec l’histoire, les projets portant sur des œuvres médiévales pourraient pourtant être plus nombreux et diversifiés et offrir une image plus juste de la littérature du Moyen Âge.
De Lancelot à Renart : comment adapter sans trahir ?
Authors: Cadot-Colin  Anne-Marie 
Published: January 2018

L’adaptation pour la jeunesse d’un roman tel que le Lancelot en prose nécessite un certain nombre d’aménagements, dus aux dimensions de l’œuvre, au foisonnement des personnages et des aventures. Il importe d’accroître la lisibilité du roman, en le recentrant sur les personnages principaux. L’essentiel est de ne pas fausser le sens du roman : la représentation de l’amour, la place de la religion doivent être respectées, aussi étranges qu’elles puissent paraître à un jeune lecteur du XXIe siècle. Réécrire pour la jeunesse des œuvres destinées à un public adulte confronte parfois l’auteur à un problème de censure : jusqu’où peut-on pousser la fidélité à l’œuvre d’origine ?
Traduire et adapter les textes du Moyen Âge à l’intention des jeunes lecteurs : nécessité, contraintes, limites
Authors: Tusseau Jean-Pierre 
Published: January 2018

Pour rendre accessibles les textes du Moyen Âge à un vaste public, notamment scolaire, le point de départ indispensable devrait être une édition critique mais sa traduction littérale ne serait pas satisfaisante tant les conditions de réception de l’oeuvre ont changé. Quels sont les allègements et transpositions indispensables et leurs limites ? Quelles informations complémentaires faudrait-il aussi offrir au lecteur curieux d’en savoir plus ?
Refoulements sommaires : la CEDH trace la « frontière des droits » à Melilla
Authors: Imbert Louis 
Published: January 2018

Le 3 octobre 2017, la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme a condamné l’Espagne pour le refoulement sommaire de deux migrants au niveau de la barrière de Melilla. Pour la première fois, la Cour désavoue les pratiques espagnoles de contrôles aux frontières, en rejetant explicitement l’idée d’une « frontière opérationnelle » où les droits protégés par la Convention ne trouveraient guère à s’appliquer. Pour autant, cet arrêt ne signe pas nécessairement la fin des refoulements « à chaud » et la solution adoptée par la Cour s’avère plus limitée qu’un premier examen ne pouvait le laisser penser.
Differential Expression of CD8+ T Cell Cytotoxic Effector Molecules in Blood and Gastrointestinal Mucosa in HIV-1 Infection
Authors: Kiniry Brenna E. , Hunt Peter W. , Hecht Frederick M. , Somsouk Ma , Deeks Steven G. , Shacklett Barbara L. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We previously reported that CD8+ T cells in human gastrointestinal mucosa exhibit reduced perforin expression and weak or impaired cytotoxic capacity compared with their counterparts in blood. Nevertheless, these cells degranulate and express cytokines and chemokines in response to cognate Ag. In addition to weak expression of perforin, earlier studies suggested differential regulation of perforin and granzymes (Gzms), with GzmA and B expressed by significantly higher percentages of mucosal CD8+ T cells than perforin. However, this topic has not been fully explored. The goal of this study was to elucidate the expression and coexpression patterns of GzmA, B, and K in conjunction with perforin in rectosigmoid CD8+ T cells during HIV-1 infection. We found that expression of both perforin and GzmB, but not GzmA or GzmK, was reduced in mucosa compared with blood. A large fraction of rectosigmoid CD8+ T cells either did not express Gzms or were single-positive for GzmA. Rectosigmoid CD8+ T cells appeared skewed toward cytokine production rather than cytotoxic responses, with cells expressing multiple cytokines and chemokines generally lacking in perforin and Gzm expression. These data support the interpretation that perforin and Gzms are differentially regulated, and display distinct expression patterns in blood and rectosigmoid T cells. These studies may help inform the development of strategies to combat HIV-1 and other mucosal pathogens.
Role of Yoga in Management of Substance-use Disorders: A Narrative Review
Authors: Kuppili Pooja Patnaik , Parmar Arpit , Gupta Ankit , Balhara Yatan Pal Singh 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTSubstance use disorders are comparable to chronic medical illnesses and have a chronic relapsing course. Despite being significant contributors to morbidity and mortality, limited treatment options exist. The current narrative review was aimed at providing an overview of yoga therapy in substance-use disorders and discuss the relevant methodological issues. Articles published in English language till May 2017 indexed with PubMed, PubMed central, and Google Scholar were searched using search terms “Yoga,” “Substance use,” “Drug dependence,” “Nicotine,” “Tobacco,” “Alcohol,” “Opioids,” “Cannabis,” “Cocaine,” “Stimulants,” “Sedative hypnotics,” “Inhalants,” and “Hallucinogens” for inclusion in the review. A total of 314 studies were found fulfilling the stated criteria. Out of which, 16 studies were found to fulfill the inclusion and exclusion criteria and 12 were randomized control trials. The majority of studies were available on the role of yoga in management of nicotine dependence. Sample size of these studies ranged from 18 to 624. The majority of studies suggested the role of yoga in reducing substance use as well as substance-related craving (especially in nicotine-use disorders) in short term. However, more studies are required for demonstrating the long-term effects of yoga therapy in substance-use disorder.
Clinical Features and Psychiatric Comorbidity of Epicrania Fugax
Authors: Rammohan K. , Shyma M. M. , Das Soumitra , Shaji C. Velayudhan 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
Background: Epicrania fugax (EF) is a rare newly described primary headache characterized by paroxysms of unilateral pain radiating across one hemicranium. Aim: We aimed to describe 10 new cases of EF and assess the psychiatric comorbidity. Materials and Methods: Cases of EF were identified from patients attending the neurology outpatient department of a tertiary level referral and teaching hospital by the first author during a period extending from January 1, 2015 to April 31, 2017. Case ascertainment was done as per ICHD 3 beta criteria from among patients presenting with complaints of headache after detailed history and clinical examination. Clinical and demographic features were noted and patients were subjected to Mini Neuropsychiatric Interview to screen for psychiatric comorbidity followed by Becks Anxiety/Depression Inventory. Results: A total of 10 subjects were obtained during the study period, 4 males, and 6 females. Mean age of subjects was 45.3 years (standard deviation-10). Seventy percent had anteroposterior, and 30% had posteroanterior radiation of pain. The most common character of pain was stabbing (50%) followed by electrical (40%) and pressing (10%). None of the subjects had autonomic symptoms or focal symptoms in the scalp while 30% subjects had hyperesthesia in the affected area of the scalp. Six subjects (60%) patients had episodic course while 40% had chronic course. Sixty percent had comorbid anxiety while one (10%) had comorbid depression. A significant relation was obtained between duration of disease and occurrence of anxiety as well as Becks Anxiety Inventory scores while there was no correlation with attack duration. There was also a nonsignificant correlation between visual analog score and occurrence of anxiety symptoms. Conclusions: Our study conclusively proves the existence of EF as a rare, distinct primary headache syndrome in our study population. It has a significant psychiatric comorbidity consisting of 60% of generalized anxiety disorder, 10% of panic attacks, and 10% of depression.
Study of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice in Participants with Regular Intake of Lathyrus, But No Spastic Paraparesis
Authors: Chaurasia Rameshwar Nath , Pathak Abhishek , Singh Smriti , Joshi Deepika , Mishra Vijay Nath 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
Background and Purpose: Neurolathyrism is now a disease of the past and also the causative agent, Lathyrus sativus (Khesari Pulse or keerai in Local Hindi and Bhojpuri language) has now been proven to be harmless and has become part of the usual diet. Materials and Methods: The population at risk was screened and studied for demography, economic status, knowledge about Khesari pulse, awareness about so-called harmful effects of Khesari pulse intake in humans, and the effects of ban of Khesari pulse on the population which is using Lathyrus (Khesari) as a major source of pulse since the past 4 years through a questionnaire of three pages. Results: Nearly 97% of total screened population totally fed on Khesari pulse as their major source of food and we did not found a single case of primary walking difficulty. We did find three cases of poststroke paralysis, a case of post-GBS lower limb weakness, and a case of recurrent myelitis as a part of questionnaire-based study and then followed by personally examining the patients to confirm the diagnosis. Conclusion: Khesari pulse if consumed in smaller quantities as a part of a normal mixed diet, its nutritional values can be optimally utilized.
Impact of Aging on Nerve Conduction Velocities and Late Responses in Healthy Individuals
Authors: Palve Suchitra Sachin , Palve Sachin Bhaskar 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
Background: Nerve conduction studies are performed to diagnose the disorders of the peripheral nervous system. The reference values for nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and late responses for different nerves considerably vary in different group and type of population. Physiological factors such as age, temperature, height, and gender affect the NCV. However, there are very few studies which show the age group at which these changes become significant. Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study was to establish the electrophysiological data of the specific age group at which changes in NCV as well as late responses of median common peroneal nerve and also see the late response in the form of F-waves and H-reflex. Methodology: Study groups were divided into three categories based on the age: Group I (18–30 years) (n = 80), Group II (31–45 years) (n = 43), and Group III (46–60 years) (n = 27). Out of which, 93 patients were male and 57 were female. The NCVs were determined for median, common peroneal nerve (motor component and sensory component) along with late responses in the form of H-reflex and F-waves. Results: The mean and standard deviation of median, ulnar, peroneal, and tibial nerve was studied for latencies, amplitude, and velocities for both sensory and motor components. Patients with older age had longer latencies, smaller amplitudes, and slower conduction velocities compared with the younger age group. The change with age was greater in sensory nerve conduction and late responses in all the peripheral nerves. Conclusions: Aging has a definite correlation with the NCV and late responses of different peripheral nerves. There is a need to have reference values with relation to age.