bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topiramate for cocaine dependence: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Singh Mohit , Keer Dipinder , Klimas Jan , Wood Evan , Werb Dan 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimsTo assess the efficacy of topiramate in treating cocaine use disorder (i.e. retention, efficacy, safety and craving reduction) through a systematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsWe searched six scientific databases from inception to 23 December 2014 with no date limits. Data were reviewed, extracted and analysed systematically. Studies were included if they were peer‐reviewed randomized control trials with participants meeting diagnostic criteria for cocaine dependence or cocaine use disorder, with the treatment arm involving topiramate with or without psychosocial intervention, and the control arm involving no intervention or psychosocial intervention with or without placebo. A random‐effects meta‐analytical model was computed.ResultsFive studies met inclusion criteria (n = 518). Topiramate was compared with placebo (four studies) and no medication (one study). In a meta‐analysis, we observed no significant differences between topiramate and placebo in improving treatment retention risk ratio (RR) = 0.85; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.60–1.22, P = 0.38. However, compared with a placebo, use of topiramate was associated with increased continuous abstinence in two of five studies (RR = 2.43; 95% CI = 1.31–4.53, P = 0.005). No differences were observed in frequency of adverse effects reported between topiramate and placebo (RR = 1.06; 95% CI = 0.91–1.23, P = 0.48). Topiramate was associated significantly (P < 0.05) with a reduction in craving in only one of five studies.ConclusionsEvidence does not currently support the use of topiramate to improve treatment retention for cocaine use disorder, although it may extend cocaine abstinence with a similar risk of adverse events compared with placebo.
Impact of men's dairy intake on assisted reproductive technology outcomes among couples attending a fertility clinic
Authors: Xia Wei , Chiu Yu‐Han , Afeiche Myriam C. , Williams Paige L. , Ford Jennifer B. , Tanrikut Cigdem , Souter Irene , Hauser Russ , Chavarro Jorge E. ,   the EARTH study team
Published: January 2016

SummaryIntake of full‐fat dairy has been linked to lower semen quality but whether this leads to decreased fertility is unknown. To address this question, we prospectively evaluated the association of men's dairy intake with treatment outcomes of subfertile couples undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART). We followed 142 men from couples undergoing infertility treatment withARTat an academic fertility centre between 2007 and 2014. Couples completed dietary assessments prior to treatment, and the female partners underwent a total of 248ARTcycles. Multivariable generalized linear mixed models were used to examine the association of dairy intake with fertilization, implantation, clinical pregnancy and live birth rates adjusting for age, body mass index, smoking status, total exercise time, dietary patterns, alcohol, caffeine, total energy intake, and female dairy intake. Intake of dairy foods, regardless of their fat content, was not associated with fertilization, implantation, clinical pregnancy or live birth rates. The adjusted live birth rates (95% confidence interval) for couples in increasing quartiles of men's dairy intake were 0.42 (0.25, 0.60), 0.25 (0.13, 0.42), 0.26 (0.15, 0.41), and 0.44 (0.27, 0.63) (plinear trend = 0.73). Results remained similar after adjustment for female partner intake of dairy foods. Overall, men's dairy intake was not associated with treatment outcomes of couples undergoingART.
Involvement of homocysteine, homocysteine thiolactone, and paraoxonase type 1 (PON‐1) in the etiology of defective human sperm function
Authors: Aitken R. J. , Flanagan H. M. , Connaughton H. , Whiting S. , Hedges A. , Baker M. A. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryThis study reports, for the first time, the significant (p ≤ 0.01) accumulation of homocysteine residues in low density, defective sperm suspensions isolated from patients attending an infertility clinic. This overabundance of homocysteine was not related to a deficiency in folate availability but may have been a reflection of the oxidative stress that characterizes such defective sperm populations. Direct addition of the homocysteine cyclic congener, homocysteine thiolactone, to human spermatozoa resulted in the rapid induction of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation (p < 0.001), the stimulation of lipid peroxidation (p < 0.01), the promotion of tyrosine phosphorylation (p < 0.001), and the suppression of sperm motility (p < 0.001) in the absence of any significant impact on DNA integrity. The parent homocysteine molecule was less active and took 24 h to stimulate mitochondrial ROS production possibly because of the need to convert this compound to the corresponding thiolactone before it could exert a measureable biological effect. Thiolactone was also effective in suppressing the carboxymethylation of key proteins in the sperm tail, which are thought to be involved in the regulation of sperm movement. The major enzyme responsible for removing thiolactone from proteins, paraoxonase (PON‐1), was shown to be a major target for alkylation by lipid aldehydes, such as 4‐hydroxynonenal, generated as a consequence of oxidative stress. Exposure of human spermatozoa to such aldehydes resulted in a dose‐dependent accumulation of homocysteine in spermatozoa (p < 0.03). These results suggest that one of the consequences of oxidative stress in mammalian spermatozoa is the inhibition of PON‐1, which then enhances the availability of homocysteine thiolactone to interact with the epsilon‐amino group of lysine residues on sperm proteins, triggering a raft of significant biological changes in these cells that ultimately compromise sperm function.
Posterior corneal astigmatism in refractive lens exchange surgery
Authors: Rydström Elin , Westin Oscar , Koskela Timo , Behndig Anders 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPurposeTo assess the anterior, posterior and total corneal spherical and astigmatic powers in patients undergoing refractive lens exchange (RLE) surgery.MethodsIn 402 consecutive patients planned for RLE at Koskelas Eye Clinic, Luleå, Sweden, right eye data from pre‐ and postoperative subjective refraction, preoperative IOLMaster® biometry and Pentacam HR® measurements were collected. Postoperative Pentacam HR® data were collected for 54 of the patients. The spherical and astigmatic powers of the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces and for the total cornea were assessed and compared, and surgically, induced astigmatism was calculated using vector analysis.ResultsThe spherical power of the anterior corneal surface was 48.18 ± 1.69D with an astigmatic power of 0.83 ± 0.54D. The corresponding values for the posterior surface were −6.05 ± 2,52D and 0.26 ± 0.15D, respectively. The total corneal spherical power calculated with ray tracing was 42.47 ± 2.89D with a 0.72 ± 0.48D astigmatic power, and the corresponding figures obtained by estimating the posterior corneal surface were 43.25 ± 1.51D (p < 0.001) with a 0.75 ± 0.49D astigmatic power (p = 0.003). In eyes with anterior astigmatism with‐the‐rule, the total corneal astigmatism is overestimated if the posterior corneal surface is estimated; in eyes, with against‐the‐rule astigmatism it is underestimated. Had the posterior corneal surface been measured in this material, 14.7% of the patients would have received a spheric instead of a toric IOL, or vice versa.ConclusionEstimating the posterior corneal surface in RLE patients leads to systematic measurement errors that can be reduced by measuring the posterior surface. Such an approach can potentially increase the refractive outcome accuracy in RLE surgery.
Scaffold‐free Tissue Formation Under Real and Simulated Microgravity Conditions
Authors: Aleshcheva Ganna , Bauer Johann , Hemmersbach Ruth , Slumstrup Lasse , Wehland Markus , Infanger Manfred , Grimm Daniela 
Published: January 2016

AbstractScaffold‐free tissue formation in microgravity is a new method in regenerative medicine and an important topic in Space Medicine. In this MiniReview, we focus on recent findings in the field of tissue engineering that were observed by exposing cells to real microgravity in space or to devices simulating to at least some extent microgravity conditions on Earth (ground‐based facilities). Under both conditions – real and simulated microgravity – a part of the cultured cells of various populations detaches from the bottom of a culture flask. The cells form three‐dimensional (3D) aggregates resembling the organs from which the cells have been derived. As spaceflights are rare and extremely expensive, cell culture under simulated microgravity allows more comprehensive and frequent studies on the scaffold‐free 3D tissue formation in some aspects, as a number of publications have proven during the last two decades. In this MiniReview, we summarize data from our own studies and work from various researchers about tissue engineering of multi‐cellular spheroids formed by cancer cells, tube formation by endothelial cells and cartilage formation by exposing the cells to ground‐based facilities such as the 3D Random Positioning Machine (RPM), the 2D Fast‐Rotating Clinostat (FRC) or the Rotating Wall Vessel (RWV). Subsequently, we investigated self‐organization of 3D aggregates without scaffolds pursuing to enhance the frequency of 3D formation and to enlarge the size of the organ‐like aggregates. The density of the monolayer exposed to real or simulated microgravity as well as the composition of the culture media revealed an impact on the results. Genomic and proteomic alterations were induced by simulated microgravity. Under microgravity conditions, adherent cells expressed other genes than cells grown in spheroids. In this MiniReview, the recent improvements in scaffold‐free tissue formation are summarized and relationships between phenotypic and molecular appearance are highlighted.
Topical application of epidermal growth factor with no scaffold material on the healing of human traumatic tympanic membrane perforations
Authors: Lou Z.C. , Yang J. , Tang Y. , Fu Y.H. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectiveWe evaluated the effects of conservative treatment and topical application of epidermal growth factor (EGF) with no scaffold material on the healing of human traumatic tympanic membrane perforations (TMPs).Study DesignProspective, randomised clinical trial.MethodsA prospective analysis was performed between January 2015 and March 2015 for the treatment of human traumatic TMPs. The closure rate, closure time, hearing gain and rate of purulent otorrhoea were compared between the topical application of EGF and conservative treatment.ResultIn total, 97 patients were analysed. The total closure rates did not significantly differ between the observation and EGF groups (83.0% versus 92.0%, P = 0.182). The total average closure time in the observation group was significantly longer than in the EGF group (25.1 ± 10.5 versus 11.7 ± 5.2 days, P = 0.001). When the closure rate was evaluated according to perforation size, no significant difference was seen for medium or large perforations (P = 0.18 and 0.21, respectively). When closure time was evaluated according to perforation size, a significant difference was seen for medium and large perforations (P = 0.001).ConclusionsThis study suggests that topical application of EGF with no scaffold material may significantly shorten the closure time of human traumatic TMPs. Such a shorter recovery time may lead to reduced healthcare costs. This alternative technique to a classic myringoplasty is particularly beneficial and suitable for the closure of large human traumatic TMPs.
Management of dystonia in Europe: a survey of the European network for the study of the dystonia syndromes
Authors: Valadas A. , Contarino M‐F. , Albanese A. , Bhatia K. P. , Falup‐Pecurariu C. , Forsgren L. , Friedman A. , Giladi N. , Hutchinson M. , Kostic V. S. , Krauss J. K. , Lokkegaard A. , Marti M. J. , Milanov I. , Pirtosek Z. , Relja M. , Skorvanek M. , Stamelou M. , Stepens A. , Tamás G. , Taravari A. , Tzoulis C. , Vandenberghe W. , Vidailhet M. , Ferreira J. J. , Tijssen M. A. 
Published: January 2016

Background and purposeDystonia is difficult to recognize due to its large phenomenological complexity. Thus, the use of experts in dystonia is essential for better recognition and management of dystonia syndromes (DS). Our aim was to document managing strategies, facilities and expertise available in various European countries in order to identify which measures should be implemented to improve the management of DS.MethodsA survey was conducted, funded by the Cooperation in Science and Technology, via the management committee of the European network for the study of DS, which is formed from representatives of the 24 countries involved.ResultsLack of specific training in dystonia by general neurologists, general practitioners as well as other allied health professionals was universal in all countries surveyed. Genetic testing for rare dystonia mutations is not readily available in a significant number of countries and neurophysiological studies are difficult to perform due to a lack of experts in this field of movement disorders. Tetrabenazine is only readily available for treatment of dystonia in half of the surveyed countries. Deep brain stimulation is available in three‐quarters of the countries, but other surgical procedures are only available in one‐quarter of countries.ConclusionsInternationally, collaboration in training, advanced diagnosis, treatment and research of DS and, locally, in each country the creation of multidisciplinary teams for the management of dystonia patients could provide the basis for improving all aspects of dystonia management across Europe.
Non‐exophytic Lambl excrescences of aortic valves: a morphological study
Authors: Matsukuma Susumu , Koga Ayano , Takeo Hiroaki , Kato Kimi , Mori Kazuma , Sato Kimiya 
Published: January 2016

AimsTo elucidate the histopathological findings of classical Lambl excrescences (LEs) and non‐exophytic LEs (non‐ex LEs) without excrescent papillary features.Methods and resultsWe examined 126 aortic valves (AVs) and revealed LEs (non‐ex and/or classical), non‐ex LEs and classical LEs in 106, 78 and 88 AVs, respectively. The detection of non‐ex LEs was challenging, but elastica van Gieson stain highlighted their presence. Non‐ex and classical LEs chiefly involved the ventricular regions, favoured posterior cusps and coexisted in the same areas of 31 AVs. A possible transformation of classical LEs into non‐ex LEs was suggested histologically in 39 AVs. Non‐ex LEs were associated with age of >70 years (P < 0.001) and marked deformity (P = 0.007). Classical LEs were associated inversely with marked deformity (P < 0.001), but not with age of >70 years. Compared with age‐ and sex‐matched control AVs, non‐ex LEs and marked deformity in dysfunctional AVs were more common (P = 0.037 and P < 0.001, respectively), but classical LEs were less common (P = 0.021).ConclusionsNon‐ex LEs have subtle features but are a common form of LEs, and seem to develop from classical LEs. AV dysfunction‐related marked deformity can promote non‐ex LEs.
Distribution of the c‐MYC gene product in colorectal neoplasia
Authors: Baker Ann‐Marie , Van Noorden Susan , Rodriguez‐Justo Manuel , Cohen Patrizia , Wright Nicholas A , Lampert Irvin A 
Published: January 2016

AimsRecent attempts to study MYC distribution in human samples have been confounded by a lack of agreement in immunohistochemical staining between antibodies targeting the N‐terminus and those targeting the C‐terminus of the MYC protein. The aim of this study was to use a novel in‐situ hybridization (ISH) approach to detect MYC mRNA in clinically relevant samples, and thereby determine the reliability of MYC‐targeting antibodies.Methods and resultsWe performed immunohistochemistry on human formalin‐fixed paraffin embedded normal colon (n = 15), hyperplastic polyp (n = 4) and neoplastic colon samples (n = 55), using the N‐terminally directed antibody Y69, and the C‐terminally directed antibody 9E10. The MYC protein distributions were then compared with the location of MYC mRNA, determined by ISH. We found that the localization of MYC mRNA correlated well with the protein distribution determined with the N‐terminally directed antibody Y69, and was also associated with expression of the proliferation marker Ki67. The protein distribution determined with the C‐terminally directed antibody 9E10 was not always associated with MYC mRNA, Y69, or Ki67, and indeed often showed a reciprocal pattern of expression, with staining being strongest in non‐proliferating cells.ConclusionsThe observed discrepancy between the staining patterns suggests that the significance of 9E10 in immunohistochemical staining is currently uncertain, and therefore should be interpreted with caution.
Mismatch repair deficiency in Lynch syndrome‐associated colorectal adenomas is more prevalent in older patients
Authors: Tanaka Masahiro , Nakajima Takeshi , Sugano Kokichi , Yoshida Teruhiko , Taniguchi Hirokazu , Kanemitsu Yukihide , Nagino Masato , Sekine Shigeki 
Published: January 2016

AimsThe aim of this study was to examine the expression of mismatch repair (MMR) proteins in Lynch syndrome (LS)‐associated colorectal adenomas and to evaluate their relationship with clinicopathological variables and potential utility in LS screening.Methods and resultsWe performed immunohistochemistry for MLH1, PMS2, MSH2 and MSH6 in 134 adenomas obtained from 26 genetically confirmed LS patients. MMR deficiency, as determined by loss of any MMR protein, was observed in 113 adenomas (84%). All the MMR‐deficient adenomas exhibited homogeneous loss of MMR proteins, which reflected underlying germline mutations. MMR deficiency was more frequent in adenomas obtained from older patients (aged ≥60 years; 81 of 86, 94%), with larger tumour size (>5 mm; 71 of 73, 97%) and with high‐grade dysplasia (50 of 51, 98%). Multivariate analyses indicated that increased age and larger tumour size were associated independently with MMR deficiency.ConclusionsThis study shows that MMR deficiency is associated significantly with increased age, in addition to two previously reported factors–larger size and high‐grade dysplasia. When adenomas are analysed during LS screening, high sensitivity is expected if the adenomas are associated with any of these three factors.
Widespread morbilliform rash due to sorafenib or vemurafenib treatment for advanced cancer; experience of a tertiary dermato‐oncology clinic
Authors: Ollech Ayelet , Stemmer Salomon M. , Merims Sharon , Lotem Michal , Popovtzer Aron , Hendler Daniel , Hodak Emmilia , Didkovsky Elena , Amitay‐Laish Iris 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundIn the literature, there are minimal data for the treatment of grade 2 or 3 morbilliform/atypical target lesion rashes secondary to sorafenib or vemurafenib given for patients with advanced stage cancer. This poses a dilemma for clinicians, particularly in patients with advanced neoplastic disease for whom other optional treatments are limited.MethodsThe cohort included data on all patients attending the dermato‐oncological clinic at a tertiary medical center that presented in 2011–2014 with a widespread rash following treatment with sorafenib or vemurafenib. All patients were prospectively followed.ResultsEight patients met the study criteria. Five, under sorafenib, aged 50–65 years, presented with an extensive grade 2 (involving 20–30% of the body surface area, two patients) or grade 3 (three patients) morbilliform rash, 5–10 days after onset of the drug. Two had atypical target lesions. The dosage was temporarily reduced in only two patients, and oral steroids were added in four. Under vemurafenib, three patients presented with an extensive grade 3 morbilliform rash 5–10 days after onset of treatment. Two had atypical target lesions. The dose was temporarily reduced in one, and another patient stopped the drug at her own initiative; both also received steroids. The rash subsided after 2–3 weeks in all eight patients, allowing continuation of the treatment at the regular dose.ConclusionOur cohort suggests that not all cases of widespread morbilliform rash or atypical erythema multiforme, which occur under treatment with sorafenib or vemurafenib, given for advanced cancer, require discontinuation of therapy.
Caries increment in young children in Skaraborg, Sweden: associations with parental sociodemography, health habits, and attitudes
Authors: Östberg Anna‐Lena , Skeie Marit S. , Skaare Anne B. , Espelid Ivar 
Published: January 2016

AimTo explore parental sociodemography, oral health habits, and attitudes in relation to dental caries increment in their children.DesignA longitudinal questionnaire and clinical study. The children were followed annually from age 3 years (n= 271) to 6 years (n= 243). Carious lesions of different depth were registered (initial and manifest) by four calibrated dentists. The parents filled out a questionnaire. Statistics included factor analyses, Cronbach's alpha together with bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.ResultsMost of the parents exhibited positive health behaviour and attitudes. ‘Late start of toothbrushing of child’ was, however, common (≥1 year; 29%) and ‘external locus of control’ showed a high mean value (10,1; possible range 3–15). In a multivariate model, ‘parent born abroad’ (OR3.26, 95%CI1.85–5.76) and ‘parental indulgence’ (OR3.20, 95%CI1.37–7.51) were the most important for the development of carious lesions in the children.ConclusionsThis study identified ‘parent born abroad’ and ‘parental indulgence’ as significant risk factors for caries in the age period 3 to 6 years. Identifying parents with the greatest need should be emphasized, in order to target promotion and prevention activities.
Resection of portal and/or superior mesenteric vein and reconstruction by using allogeneic vein for pT3 pancreatic cancer
Authors: Zhang Xing‐mao , Fan Hua , Kou Jian‐tao , Zhang Xin‐xue , Li Ping , Dai Yang , He Qiang 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackground and AimThere is still controversy on the outcomes of portal vein (PV) and/or superior mesenteric vein (SMV) resection in pancreatic cancer, and there are few reports about pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) with PV/SMV resection and reconstruction by using allogeneic vein. This study is to explore the outcomes of PD with PV/SMV resection and reconstruction by using allogeneic vein for pT3 pancreatic cancer with venous invasion.MethodsClinicopathological data of patients underwent PD with en bloc resection of PV/SMV and reconstruction by using internal iliac from August 20, 2013 to July 25, 2015 were collected and the data of patients with pT3 stage pancreatic head cancer with PV/SMV invasion were analyzed. The short‐ and long‐term outcomes were presented.ResultsThirty patients met the criteria of this study. PV resection and reconstruction were performed for 12 patients, SMV for 9 patients, and PV + SMV for 9 patients, respectively. The median operation time was 460 min, and the median intraoperative blood loss was 450 mL. R0 resection rate was 93.3%, total incidence of complications was 23.3%, and incidence of pancreatic fistula was 10%. The 1‐year and 2‐year overall survival rates were 68.6% and 39.2%, 1‐year and 2‐year disease free survival rates were 44.8% and 17.1%.ConclusionsPD with en bloc resection of PV/SMV and reconstruction by using allogeneic vein was safe and feasible for patients with pT3 stage pancreatic head cancer with PV/SMV invasion. A large‐scale research with longer follow‐up time is required to draw a significant conclusion.