bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ASPEK MORFOLOGI, REPRODUKSI, DAN PERILAKU PENYU HIJAU (Chelonia mydas) Di PANTAI PANGUMBAHAN, KABUPATEN SUKABUMI, JAWA BARAT
Authors: Krismono Adriani Sri Nastiti , Fitriyanto Achmad , Wiadnyana Ngurah Nyoman 
Published: February 2017

Penyu hijau (Chelonia mydas) termasuk dalam phylum Chordata dan famili Cheloniideae. Jumlah penyu hijau yang singgah ke Pantai Pangumbahan untuk bertelur semakin menurun karena tidak terkendalinya masyarakat melakukan penangkapan induk penyu dan pengambilan telurnya. Penelitian tentang morfologi, reproduksi, dan perilaku penyu hijau sebagai salah satu dasar pengelolaan telah dilakukan di Pantai Pangumbahan pada bulan Agustus 2008. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pengambilan contoh berstrata. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus 2008 (pada saat puncak peneluran). Parameter yang diamati antara lain ukuran penyu dari 89 ekor jumlah penyu bersarang, jumlah telur dan tingkat penetasan, serta perilaku pada saat penyu bertelur. Hasil penelitian menunjukan yang diamati diperoleh panjang karapas berkisar antara 97-15 cm dan lebar karapas 83,5-108 cm, jumlah penyu naik ke pantai 89 ekor dan penyu yang bertelur 39 ekor. Jumlah telur penyu hijau berhasil dihitung 80-105 butir per induk penyu. Bulan Agustus 2008 merupakan puncak musim peneluran. Kegiatan peneluran penyu hijau dibagi menjadi enam tahap. Upaya konservasi yang sudah dilakukan adalah penetasan telur penyu semi alami, restocking tukik, dan menjaga keamanan sarang telur penyu. Green turtles (Chelonia mydas), including the phylum Chordata and families Cheloniideae. The number of green turtles come to lay eggs Pangumbahan beach to decline because of increasingly unmanageable public do making arrests turtles brood stock and their eggs. Research on the morphology, reproduction, and behavior of green turtles as one of the basic management has been conducted on the Pangumbahan Beach in August 2008. The method used stratified sampling. The experiment was conducted in August 2008 (at the peak of nesting). Other parameters were observed between the size of the 89 tail number of turtles nesting turtles, the number of eggs and hatching rate and behavior during turtle nesting. Results obtained showed that the observed length ranges from 97- 15 cm carapace and carapace width from 83.5-108 cm, the number went up to the beach 89 sea turtle and sea turtle nesting tail as much as 39 tails. The number of green turtle eggs had counted as many as 80-105 eggs per turtles brood stock. Month August 2008 is the peak nesting season of green turtle nesting activities are divided into six stages. Conservation efforts that have been done is semi natural turtle hatchery, restocking hatchlings, and nest of turtle eggs to maintain security.
Los beneficios fiscales en las tasas locales
Authors: Sánchez Robert Trinidad 
Published: February 2017

El establecimiento de beneficios fiscales en la Hacienda local constituye una exigencia de la necesidad de respetar los principios constitucionales de justicia tributaria y, en particular, el principio de capacidad económica. En este trabajo se va a analizar la problemática del establecimiento de beneficios fiscales en las tasas locales, partiendo de un necesario estudio sobre la evolución del concepto de tasa, así como de su naturaleza y fundamento. Pero sobre todo, se tendrá en cuenta, y este tema también afecta al ámbito estatal y autonómico, la especial dificultad que entraña la caracterización de esta categoría tributaria en orden a su adaptación al principio de capacidad económica.Palabras clave.- Beneficios fiscales, tasas locales.
Appendicular lump: comparative study of immediate surgical versus conservative management
Authors: Agarwal Vimal K. , Agrawal Sonal 
Published: February 2017

Background: At present acute appendicitis is leading cause of acute surgical abdomen. Treatment of choice for non-complicated appendicitis is appendicectomy. Delayed presentation of appendicitis cause lump formation in 2-6% case. Traditional treatment of appendicular lump is conservative treatment followed by interval appendicectomy. Our study was done to make a better management plan for lump patients.Methods: In this retrospective study 52 patients having appendicular lump randomly divided in two group, Group 1 conservative treatment followed by interval appendicectomy after 6-8 weeks and group 2 immediate surgery. Highest incidence of appendicular lump was found in age group of 21-30 year. Average hospital stay in group 1 was 12 days as compare to 4 day in group 2.Results: Immediate surgery in our study suggest better management plan for appendicular lump in term of less hospital stay, less economic burden, no need of readmission in hospital and no major complication.Conclusions: Early exploration for appendicular lump is preferred option rather than conservative treatment followed by interval appendicectomy.
Role of procalcitonin in early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis
Authors: Hasan Fareedul , Khan Shamshad A. , M. K. Maharoof , Muhammed Niyaz 
Published: February 2017

Background: Neonatal sepsis is the most common cause for neonatal mortality and morbidity in India, Therefore it is essential that we diagnose early onset sepsis using clinical signs and symptoms and rapid diagnostic techniques and start appropriate treatment without any delay. Various diagnostic tests that differentiate infected and non-infected neonates particularly in the first few days of life can potentially make significant impact on the neonatal care.Methods: This was a hospital based clinical prospective study, done in the NICU department of pediatrics at Yenepoya medical college hospital, from January 2013 to December 2013. Sample size in this study was 50. All consecutive neonates fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were subjected to investigations like serum Procalcitonin, CRP, Total count, Gastric aspirate, Peripheral smear and Blood culture before starting treatment with antibiotics. Positive blood culture was taken as proven sepsis. The results obtained from our study parameters were statistically compared with cases of proven sepsis. Results: In our study 16(32%) out of 50 neonates had proven sepsis. In comparison to the other markers of neonatal sepsis Elevated levels of serum Procalcitonin was found to be the most sensitive test with sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 50%, positive predictive value of 48.5%and negative predictive value of 100% and with a very highly significant p value of <0.001.Among the levels of PCT moderately elevated (2-10ng/dl) had sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 84.5%, PPV of 62.5% and NPV of 100% and highly elevated (>10ng/dl) had sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 80%, PPV of 75% and NPV of 100%.Conclusions: The use of procalcitonin in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis has proved to be very useful compared to other regular sepsis markers. Procalcitonin performs better than CRP in the diagnosis of neonatal infection. Serum Procalcitonin levels >2 ng/dl has got a better sensitivity; PPV and NPV thus help us not only in the early diagnosis and also in the prognosis of the treatment and helps us in guiding in reducing the unwanted usage on antibiotics.
Evaluation of predictive value of total leukocyte count in acute serious bacterial infections in children 1 month to 5 years
Authors: A. Dharmalingam , C. Vignesh , N. S. Raghupathy , M. Sowmiya 
Published: February 2017

Background: Fever in a young child is a frequently encountered clinical problem with various causes. Most of them run a benign self-limiting course that requires only symptomatic treatment. However, in a few children the underlying etiology can be a life threatening serious bacterial infection (SBI). Early identification of SBI is warranted because of the need to start antibiotic therapy, often empirical, as soon as possible to prevent morbid sequela. Total leukocyte count (TLC) is with neutrophil predominance is considered to be a surrogate marker of a bacterial infection and facilitating decision - making regarding further evaluation and empiric antibiotic therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the utility of leukocyte in predicting SBI in a young febrile child and to correlate the leukocyte count with non-serious infection.Methods: One fifty children, age of 1 month to 60 months with fever > 38°c are included and were analyzed for demographic details, presenting symptoms, physical examination findings, clinical diagnosis, total leukocyte count, peripheral smear study, blood culture, stool culture, CSF analysis, x-ray chest, abdominal ultrasound, CT-brain. Results: Out of 150 children included in the study, the mean age was 26.7±14.54 months and the average duration of fever was 4.3±1.02 days. The mean leukocyte count was 15016.43±5801.98 cells/cu.mm. 74 children had proven serious bacterial infection (49.3%) and were categorized in Group I and remaining non-serious infection were 50.66% are belonged to Group 2. Urinary tract infection and pneumonia were the most common SBI encountered (31/20/68.91%). The highest TLC counts were seen in children with UTI. Analysis of variance (ANNOVA) did not reveal significant differences in TLC between children with different diagnosis. In Group 2, majority of the etiology was lower respiratory tract infection/inflammation and short febrile illness.Conclusions: SBI comprise only half of the febrile children with leukocytosis. The predictive accuracy of leukocytosis in diagnosing SBI is poor. Vomiting and seizures probably incite stress mediated leukocytosis and are commonly encountered in febrile child with a high TLC without SBI. Further models with addition of clinical data and other surrogates of infection need to be developed to improve prediction of SBI in a febrile child.
The Analysis Condition of Special Library for Street Children at UPTD "Kampung Anak Negeri” Institutions
Authors: Mutia Fitri 
Published: February 2017

The existence of special library UPTD the "Kampung Anak Negeri" became one medium that can be used to develop the potential of street children themselves a growing number from year to year. This study conducted descriptive quantitative research that aim to describe the condition of special libraries in UPTD “Kampung Anak Negeri", especially in terms of collections, facilities and infrastructure, library services and human resources (librarian). The four aspects are then compared with the standard of the special library collated by the National Library in 2011. In this study, data collection technique conducted in July 2016 using interview techniques as a primary technique performed on librarians and include interviews with street children as well as staff of Colleagues staff UPTD. Based on the data obtained can be concluded that the amount of the book collection of about 752 titles of books, collection development has not reached 5% per year, spacious room just 35m² and has only 2 rack collection. Services available are services in place read, circulation services and information search services, while the librarians who manage only one person with a background in library and information science education. In general, special libraries UPTD condition does not meet the standard, so this affects is not maximized to support learning process as well as in facilities that match the information needs of street children.
Application of problem based learning model to learning outcomes of student in light matter in the class VIII SMP Negeri 1 Ledo kabupaten Bengkayang
Authors: Sari Ira Nofita , Wahyudi Wahyudi , Hendrias Hendrias 
Published: February 2017

<p class="Abstract">This study aims to determine: (1) student learning outcomes after application of the model Problem Based Learning on the material light in class VIII SMP Negeri 1 Ledo Bengkayang, (2) student learning outcomes after application of conventional learning models on the material light in class VIII SMP Negeri 1 Ledo Bengkayang, and (3) a comparison between student learning outcomes after application of Problem Based learning and conventional learning models in light of the material in class VIII SMP Negeri 1 Ledo Bengkayang. This study design is Nonequivalent Groups Post-Test Only Design. The study population was all students of class VIII SMP Negeri 1 Ledo consisting of four classes, namely class VIII A, VIII B, C VIII and VIII D. The research sample was determined by random cluster sampling technique and obtained a class VIII A as the experimental class and class VIII C as the control class. The data collection technique used is the technique of measurement, with the data collection tool is test description. The hypothesis was tested using the t test of the parties. Based on the analysis concluded that: (1) the average student learning outcomes after application of the model Problem Based Learning on light material in class VIII SMP Negeri 1 Ledo Bengkayang is 73.24, (2) student learning outcomes after application of conventional learning model in the light of the material in class VIII SMP Negeri 1 Ledo Bengkayang is 69.82, and (3) student learning outcomes after application of the model Problem Based learning is better than the student learning outcomes after application of conventional learning models in light of the material in class VIII SMP Negeri 1 Ledo Bengkayang</p><p class="Keyword"> </p>
A Modeling Study of EOR Potential for CO2 Huff-n-Puff in Tight Oil Reservoirs - Example from the Bakken Formation
Authors: Kanfar M. S. , Ghaderi S. M. , Clarkson C. R. , Reynolds M. M. , Hetherington C. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The most commonly used technology for development of unconventional liquid-rich and light oil reservoirs is horizontal wells combined with large multi-stage hydraulic fracture treatments. However, even with these technological advancements, primary recovery factors are generally less than 10% (Shoaib and Hoffman, 2009) of the original oil in place (OOIP). Logically, operators have investigated the use of waterflooding to improve recovery in some tight oil reservoirs, but the success has been mixed. Low matrix permeability in some unconventional (tight) oil reservoirs will not allow effective displacement or movement of water through the reservoir. In some cases, even flooding with a gas will be a challenge, if matrix permeabilities are too low.
This study investigates the feasibility of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in a prominent tight oil reservoir in North America using cyclic solvent injection (CSI, sometimes referred to as "huff-n-puff") with carbon dioxide (CO2) as the solvent. CSI is a single well process, with the solvent remaining in the vicinity of the wellbore, as flow of the solvent through the reservoir to another well is not necessary. This type of process may be attractive from a capital cost point-of-view, as large expenditures on specialized facilities, in-field pipelines and well conversions are unnecessary.
In this study, the success and profitability of huff-n-puff is evaluated for the Bakken tight oil reservoir. Knowledge gained from a parallel study (Kanfar and Clarkson, 2017) served to provide guidelines for optimizing the huff-n-puff process. Importantly, a genetic algorithm (GA) is utilized to find the optimum huff-n-puff program that maximizes net present value (NPV). Optimized parameters include: the number of cycles; duration of injection, soaking and production periods; and the start time of huff-n-puff operations. The target reservoir for evaluation is the US Bakken deep tight oil reservoir in North Dakota.
The huff-n-puff EOR scheme was found to be successful, but only after the aforementioned operational parameters are optimized with GA. In particular, it is important to delay huff-n-puff until production rates decline and boundary-dominated flow (after fracture interference) is reached. Importantly, as with the parallel study (Kanfar and Clarkson 2017), the gridding scheme used in the simulation is found to have a profound impact on results of huff-n-puff.
Adaptive Fracturing to Avoid Frac Hits and Interference: A Wolfcamp Shale Case Study
Authors: Paryani M. , Smaoui R. , Poludasu S. , Attia B. , Umholtz N. , Ahmed I. , Ouenes A. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This paper presents a new integrated workflow that couples geology, geomechanics and geophysics (3G) with a constrained asymmetric frac model as applied to a Wolfcamp well to address the concerns of well interference. The proposed workflow enables the ability to adapt the frac design of each stage based on the in-situ geologic and geomechanical variability. The objective of this approach is to identify the variable treatment parameters required to overcome the stress heterogeneity and estimate the impact of the adaptive frac design on the final fracture geometry.
The lateral stress gradients resulting from the pressure depletion due to a nearby producing well and the fluid leak-off due to opening of natural fractures are fine-tuned to account for asymmetry observed in the geomechanical modeling. The role of the natural fractures is emphasized and practical approaches to estimate a validated natural fracture model are described and illustrated. A validation well is used to highlight the importance of the input natural fracture model in calculating validated differential stress and strain that reproduce the main features of the microseismic. With this validated strain model, a constrained frac design provides the proper asymmetric fracture geometry able to pinpoint the poor and good frac stages. Once the workflow is extensively validated, it can be used on target wells to avoid frac hits.
In this Wolfcamp example, the challenge was to find the optimal frac design to minimize interference of an infill well with existing offset producers. To address the possible zones of interference, the stage spacing was locally increased to 152 m (500 ft), and the treatment was especially modified in the middle stages of the well. This resulted in reducing the number of stages from 40 to 34, specifically in zones indicating high probability of interference. The design was altered from pumping a mixture of 320,000 lb of 100 mesh and 40/70 mesh sand to 220,000 lb of 40/70 mesh sand, and the injected fluid viscosity was increased from 10 centipoise (cP) for slick water to 30 cP for linear gel as better carrying capacity was required to pump only 40/70 mesh sand. Additonally, the injection rate was reduced from 105 bbl/min to 80 bbl/min.
The integrated approach allows for the ability to adapt the frac design to in-situ conditions including heterogeneity in the stress fields and the pressure depletion from existing producers. Adaptive frac design significantly reduces the probability of frac hits and well interference. The proposed modeling workflow enables greater investment efficiency and overall field development optimization.
Lithofacies Classification for Earth Modeling: Letting the Data Speak For Itself
Authors: Gevirtz Joel , Ovalle Adriana 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Common earth modeling practice propagates rock properties into the model from depositional lithofacies obtained from log and core analyses. The primary objection to this method is that the rocks, particularly carbonates, do not truly reflect the depositional framework. Diagenetic and other post-depositional processes have extensively modified the rocks. These processes tend to homogenize depositional fabrics, thus obliterating specific relationships needed to accurately predict and propagate properties.
Geologically reliable lithofacies for conventional and unconventional reservoir modeling can be obtained with unsupervised multivariate classification procedures applied to suites of log curves. Data analytics applied to log data can provide lithologies and flow units across the reservoir. Important rock properties that are critical inputs for a static earth model are included as part of the lithofacies definition.
Because lithofacies obtained from logs are partially based on the analysis of crossplots calibrated to rocks when possible, log-based facies definitions are subject to the experience-based bias of the project interpreter. Crossplots used for facies analysis often show complex patterns that suggest the multivariate nature of relationships between individual logs. Incorrect facies specification can lead to an inaccurate depiction of the lithologic geometry, which is a key shortcoming of this approach. The paper describes data analytics as applied to log data, developed as an aid to understanding lithologies and flow units across a stratigraphic interval.
A workflow was created that enables natural groups inherent in the data to be obtained. This approach does not require a priori rock type information. Multivariate procedures are applied to a selection of curves that comprise a log suite over an interval of interest to obtain log response groups based on log curve variation. These response groups can be used to propagate critical porosity and permeability data into the model.
The workflow described in this paper was successfully applied in several mature areas that include unconventional plays in the Delaware and Midland basins of west Texas and the Burgos basin of Mexico. New well locations and horizontal drilling targets selected with the recommended methods have performed significantly better than wells drilled without using this approach.
The new approach to rock typing presented in this paper is compatible with modern earth modeling methods and can improve drilling success by highlighting areas with more favorable rock properties. The sequence in which individual methods are applied is important in this workflow. Assumptions regarding distributional properties of the individual data elements are not required. Experience shows that this workflow provides improved understanding of lithological variation over the volume of interest, increasing the probability of better well performance.