bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of encode protocol versus conventional protocol for restoring single implants: One‐year prospective randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Abduo Jaafar , Gade Lakshmi , Gill Harjot , Judge Roy , Darby Ivan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe Encode protocol (Biomet 3i, Palm Beach Gardens, Fla) has been proposed as a simplified implant restoration protocol.PurposeTo compare the 1‐year clinical outcome of the Encode and conventional protocols for restoring single implants.Materials and methodsForty‐seven implants were inserted in 44 patients. After randomizing the implants, 24 implants were allocated to the Encode protocol and 23 implants were allocated to the conventional protocol. After 1 year, changes in esthetics, patient satisfaction, proximal contacts quality, occlusal contacts quality, marginal bone level (MBL), and probing pocket depth (PPD) were evaluated. Further, the prosthesis cleansability, mucosal health, bleeding on probing (BoP), metallic discoloration, and all forms complications were recorded.ResultsForty patients with 41 implants (22 Encode and 19 conventional) were recalled. One conventional crown failed due to excessive looseness. Esthetics, patient satisfaction, and prosthesis cleansability were favorable for the two protocols. One Encode crown (4.5%) and six conventional crowns (33.3%) had slight mucosal redness. BoP was present around 8 Encode crowns (36.4%) and eight conventional crowns (45.4%). Only two conventional crowns showed metallic discoloration of the mucosa. The two protocols had similar PPD alteration (Encode = 0.04 mm, conventional = 0.13 mm), and MBL loss (Encode = 0.71 mm, conventional = 0.78 mm). Similar proximal contacts and occlusal contacts were observed for the two protocols.ConclusionsAfter 1 year, the Encode protocol for restoring single implants appears to be comparable to the conventional protocol from the biological, prosthetic, and esthetic perspectives.
Activating α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome through regulation of β‐arrestin‐1
Authors: Ke Ping , Shao Bo‐Zong , Xu Zhe‐Qi , Chen Xiong‐Wen , Wei Wei , Liu Chong 
Published: September 2017

SummaryAimsTo evaluate whether activating α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) could inhibit the NOD‐like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome through regulation of β‐arrestin‐1 in monocyte/macrophage system, thus contributing to the control of neuroinflammation.MethodsThe protein levels of NLRP3, caspase‐1 (Casp‐1) p20 and proCasp‐1, interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) p17 and proIL‐1β, IL‐18 and proIL‐18 were measured using Western blotting. The mRNA levels of Casp‐1 and IL‐1β were detected by real‐time PCR (RT‐PCR). The colocalization and interaction of NLRP3 protein and β‐arrestin‐1 were measured by immunofluorescence staining and immunoprecipitation.ResultsThe expression of β‐arrestin‐1 was significantly increased and colocalized with CD45‐positive cells in spinal cord of experimental auto‐immune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice when compared with the sham mice, which was attenuated by pretreatment with PNU282987, a specific α7nAChR agonist. PNU282987 also significantly inhibited the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and thus decreased the production of IL‐1β and IL‐18 both in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/ATP‐stimulated BV2 microglia in vitro and spinal cord from EAE mice in vivo, while inverse effects were observed in α7nAChR knockout mice. Furthermore, overexpression of β‐arrestin‐1 attenuated the inhibitory effect of PNU282987 on NLRP3 inflammasome activation in LPS/ATP‐stimulated BV2 microglia. PNU282987 inhibited the interaction between β‐arrestin‐1 and NLRP3 protein in vitro.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates that activating α7nAChR can lead to NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition via regulation of β‐arrestin‐1 in monocyte/microglia system.
Deoxygenation of inspiratory muscles during cycling, hyperpnoea and loaded breathing in health and disease: a systematic review
Authors: Tanaka Takako , Basoudan Nada , Melo Luana T. , Wickerson Lisa , Brochard Laurent J. , Goligher Ewan C. , Reid W. Darlene 
Published: September 2017

SummaryAssessing inspiratory muscle deoxygenation and blood flow can provide insight into anaerobic stress, recruitment strategies and mechanisms of inspiratory muscle limitation. Therefore, this review aimed to synthesize measurements of inspiratory muscle oxyhaemoglobin (O2Hb), deoxyhaemoglobin (HHb), blood volume and flow of the inspiratory muscles acquired via near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during cycling, hyperpnoea and loaded breathing in healthy non‐athletes, healthy athletes and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or chronic heart failure (CHF). Searches were performed on Medline and Medline in‐process, EMBASE, Central, Sportdiscus, PubMed and Compendex. Reviewers independently abstracted articles and assessed their quality using the modified Downs and Black checklist. Of the 644 articles identified, 21 met the inclusion criteria. Studies evaluated non‐athletes (n = 9), athletes (n = 5), COPD (n = 2) and CHF (n = 5). The sample was 90% male and 73% were non‐athletes and athletes. Interventions included cycle ergometry, hyperpnoea, loaded breathing, elbow flexor loading and combined loaded breathing and ergometry. Athletes and patients with CHF or COPD demonstrated deoxygenation of inspiratory accessory muscles that was often an opposite or exaggerated pattern compared to non‐athletes. O2Hb decreased and HHb increased significantly in inspiratory muscles during cycle ergometry and loaded breathing with accentuated changes during combined ergometry and loaded breathing. During different regimens of hyperpnoea or loaded breathing, comparisons of inspiratory muscles demonstrated that the sternocleidomastoid deoxygenated more than the intercostals, parasternals or scalenes. Evaluating inspiratory muscle deoxygenation via NIRS can inform mechanisms of inspiratory muscle limitation in non‐athletes, athletes and patients with CHF or COPD.
Cover Image, Volume 19, Issue 10
Authors: Ruan Yue , Thabit Hood , Leelarathna Lalantha , Hartnell Sara , Wilinska Malgorzata E. , Tauschmann Martin , Dellweg Sibylle , Benesch Carsten , Mader Julia K. , Holzer Manuel , Kojzar Harald , Evans Mark L. , Pieber Thomas R. , Arnolds Sabine , Hovorka Roman ,   on behalf of AP@home consortium
Published: September 2017

The cover image, by Yue Ruan et al., is based on the Brief Report Faster insulin action on is associated with improved glycaemic outcomes during closed‐loop insulin delivery and sensor‐augmented pump therapy in adults with type 1 diabetes, DOI: 10.1111/dom.12956
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Evolution with a seed bank: The population genetic consequences of microbial dormancy
Authors: Shoemaker William R. , Lennon Jay T. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDormancy is a bet‐hedging strategy that allows organisms to persist through conditions that are suboptimal for growth and reproduction by entering a reversible state of reduced metabolic activity. Dormancy allows a population to maintain a reservoir of genetic and phenotypic diversity (i.e., a seed bank) that can contribute to the long‐term survival of a population. This strategy can be potentially adaptive and has long been of interest to ecologists and evolutionary biologists. However, comparatively little is known about how dormancy influences the fundamental evolutionary forces of genetic drift, mutation, selection, recombination, and gene flow. Here, we investigate how seed banks affect the processes underpinning evolution by reviewing existing theory, implementing novel simulations, and determining how and when dormancy can influence evolution as a population genetic process. We extend our analysis to examine how seed banks can alter macroevolutionary processes, including rates of speciation and extinction. Through the lens of population genetic theory, we can understand the extent that seed banks influence the evolutionary dynamics of microorganisms as well as other taxa.
Estimation of extractable protein in botanical fractions of legume and grass species
Authors: Solati Z. , Jørgensen U. , Eriksen J. , Søegaard K. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWith a globally strong interest in bio‐based products such as fuels and chemicals, a feasible source of protein for the industry with positive economic impacts could be from leaves. However, more knowledge is needed on how to improve the content of extractable protein. Grasses and legumes have a high content of protein with a favourable amino acid composition. The extractable true protein was estimated at two harvest dates in leaf and stem of the legume species white clover (Trifolium repens L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) and the grass species perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea L.) using the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System. Extractable true protein was more concentrated in the leaf than in the stem of all the species. Easily extractable true protein in the leaf constituted 63%–68% and 54% of crude protein in legumes and grasses respectively. If the cell wall‐bound true protein in the leaf can be extracted, concentration of extractable true protein may increase by 7%–14% and 21%–26% of crude protein in legume and grass respectively. Legume leaf could be superior to grass leaf for protein production in a biorefinery due to higher extractable true protein both on a mass basis and per hectare. In white clover leaf, a significant decline in concentration of extractable true protein with maturity was simultaneous with a substantial increase in extractable true protein per hectare.
A unified materials approach to mitigating optical nonlinearities in optical fiber. I. Thermodynamics of optical scattering
Authors: Ballato John , Cavillon Maxime , Dragic Peter 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSustained progress in the development of optical fibers has led to the present state where further improvements in performance are limited by intrinsic optical nonlinearities. In order to circumvent such limitations, the user community has adopted two general approaches: (i) engineer the enabled systems accordingly; and/or (ii) microstructure the fiber to shift nonlinear thresholds to high optical power levels. In both cases, the nonlinearities are accepted as they are and performance is enhanced through added system or fiber design complexity. This paper, the first in a trilogy, along with two companion articles (in 3 parts) (Int J Appl Glass Sci. 2018;9:278‐287; Int J Appl Glass Sci. 2018 (in press); Int J Appl Glass Sci. 2018 (in press)), treats a third option, which is to mitigate optical nonlinearities at their fundamental origin: the materials with which the light interacts. As will be shown, such a materials approach permits greater reductions to nonlinearities including, in some cases, their complete elimination, than do the two present methods. Simpler fiber geometries and ease of manufacturing are additional benefits of this unified materials approach.
Effect of polyethylenimine addition and washing on stability and electrophoretic deposition of Co3O4 nanoparticles
Authors: Sadeghi Ghazvini Ali Asghar , Taheri‐Nassaj Ehsan , Raissi Babak , Riahifar Reza , Sahba Yaghmaee Maziar 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this work, the parameters of cobalt oxide suspension such as conductivity, zeta potential, particle size, stability, and finally the electrophoretic behavior of particles in the absence and presence of polyethylenimine (PEI) in acetone medium were investigated. Also, the effects of washing on the stability and electrophoretic deposition of Co3O4 were studied. Characterization of the obtained layer by optical microscopy revealed that there was no deposition in the suspension without PEI, while a uniform layer was formed in the presence of PEI additive. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results confirmed the uniformity of layer obtained in acetone using PEI additive. Moreover, SEM results demonstrated that more porous microstructures were obtained at longer deposition durations. The difference in the porosity of the layers, as indicated by the SEM micrographs, is attributed to increase in the deposition time.
Diagnostic yield of asymptomatic arrhythmias detected by mobile cardiac outpatient telemetry and autotrigger looping event cardiac monitors
Authors: Derkac Wayne M. , Finkelmeier Jeffrey R. , Horgan Daniel J. , Hutchinson Mathew D. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIntroductionAsymptomatic arrhythmias can have important therapeutic implications in certain patient populations, for example, atrial fibrillation in patients with prior ischemic stroke. We sought to compare the diagnostic yield of two commercially available monitoring systems with automated arrhythmia detection algorithms.MethodsWe queried a large, proprietary database containing rhythm data for patients receiving ambulatory EKG monitoring (BioTelemetry, Malvern, PA, USA). We compared all patients prescribed mobile cardiac outpatient telemetry (MCOT™, Braemar Manufacturing, LLC, Eagan, MN, USA) versus autotrigger looping event recorder (AT‐LER) devices over a consecutive 8‐month period. Data from both device types were analyzed for diagnostic yields in detecting asymptomatic (device‐triggered) arrhythmias consisting of atrial fibrillation (of any detected duration), bradycardia (ventricular rate ≤ 40 bpm), ventricular pause (≥ 3 seconds), supraventricular tachycardia (≥ 6 consecutive supraventricular beats), and ventricular tachycardia (≥ 4 consecutive premature ventricular contractions). The mean time to first diagnosis of each arrhythmia for each device was determined. Physician‐designated diagnostic codes for patients prescribed each device were also determined from the database.ResultsThe MCOT™ device had significantly higher diagnostic yields of all evaluated asymptomatic arrhythmias than the AT‐LER. The MCOT™ device also produced an earlier mean time to diagnosis for all evaluated asymptomatic arrhythmias. These findings were noted despite a shorter average prescription length for MCOT™ monitored patients.ConclusionsIn patients with conventional diagnostic monitoring indications, MCOT™ had significantly higher diagnostic yields for five asymptomatic arrhythmias compared to the AT‐LER.
Entrainment mapping: Theoretical considerations and practical implementation
Authors: Schaeffer Benjamin , Stevenson William G. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractEntrainment mapping enables the diagnosis and characterization of reentrant arrhythmias from analysis of the specific interaction between pacing maneuvers and tachycardia. Described 40 years ago, the implementation and interpretation of pacing maneuvers to entrain tachycardias has evolved into an indispensible tool for diagnosis and mapping reentrant cardiac arrhythmias. For complex re‐entry pathways entrainment mapping allows determination of the relation of pacing sites to the re‐entry circuit and discrimination of relevant re‐entry parts from bystander areas. Careful interpretation is needed to recognize misleading findings. The general physiology of re‐entry, and the application, interpretation, limitations, and pitfalls of entrainment maneuvers used for cardiac mapping is reviewed.
Roles and expression profiles of long non‐coding RNAs in triple‐negative breast cancers
Authors: Kong Xiangyi , Liu Wenyue , Kong Yanguo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTriple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) refers to the breast cancers that express little human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), progesterone receptor (PR) and oestrogen receptor (ER). When compared to other types of breast cancers, TNBC behaves more aggressively with relatively poorer prognosis. Moreover, except chemotherapy, no targeted treatments have been approved yet until now. Although the molecular‐biological mechanisms of the initiation and development of TNBC have been explored a lot, the exact details underlying its progressions are still not clear. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs), with the length greater than 200 nucleotides, are non‐protein coding transcripts. Previous researches have shown that lncRNAs are significantly involved in a variety of pathophysiological processes such as cell migration, invasion, proliferation, differentiation and development. lncRNAs’ dysregulated expressions have been observed in many types of tumours including TNBCs. This article will review the functional roles and dysregulations of lncRNAs in TNBCs. These lncRNAs are worthy of exploitation regarding their potential application values of TNBC's diagnosis and treatment.
Roles of mitochondrial dynamics modulators in cardiac ischaemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Maneechote Chayodom , Palee Siripong , Chattipakorn Siriporn C. , Chattipakorn Nipon 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe current therapeutic strategy for the management of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is to return blood flow into the occluded coronary artery of the heart, a process defined as reperfusion. However, reperfusion itself can increase mortality rates in AMI patients because of cardiac tissue damage and dysfunction, which is termed ‘ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury’. Mitochondria play an important role in myocardial I/R injury as disturbance of mitochondrial dynamics, especially excessive mitochondrial fission, is a predominant cause of cardiac dysfunction. Therefore, pharmacological intervention and therapeutic strategies which modulate the mitochondrial dynamics balance during I/R injury could exert great beneficial effects to the I/R heart. This review comprehensively summarizes and discusses the effects of mitochondrial fission inhibitors as well as mitochondrial fusion promoters on cardiac and mitochondrial function during myocardial I/R injury. The comparison of the effects of both compounds given at different time‐points during the course of I/R injury (i.e. prior to ischaemia, during ischaemia and at the reperfusion period) are also summarized and discussed. Finally, this review also details important information which may contribute to clinical practices using these drugs to improve the quality of life in AMI patients.
Brentuximab vedotin exerts profound antiproliferative and pro‐apoptotic efficacy in CD30‐positive as well as cocultured CD30‐negative germ cell tumour cell lines
Authors: Schönberger Stefan , van Beekum Cornelius , Götz Barbara , Nettersheim Daniel , Schorle Hubert , Schneider Dominik T. , Casati Anna , Craveiro Rogerio B. , Calaminus Gabriele , Dilloo Dagmar 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPrognosis in patients suffering from high‐risk, refractory and relapsed germ cell tumours (GCT) often comprising of CD30‐positive embryonal carcinoma (EC) components remains poor. Thus, novel treatment strategies are warranted. The antibody‐drug conjugate (ADC) brentuximab vedotin delivers the potent antimitotic drug monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) to CD30‐expressing tumour cells. After CD30 binding, internalization and intracellular linker cleavage cytotoxic MMAE can efflux and eradicate neighbouring CD30‐negative cells. To analyse cytotoxicity and a potential bystander effect of brentuximab vedotin in GCT, we established an in vitro coculture model mimicking GCT of heterogeneous CD30 positivity and measured cell viability, proliferation and apoptosis after exposure to brentuximab vedotin and unbound MMAE by MTS‐ and flow cytometry‐based CFSE/Hoechst assay. CD30 expression being assessed by quantitative RT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry was apparent in all EC cell lines with different intensity. Brentuximab vedotin abrogates cell viability of CD30‐positive GCT27 EC line exerting marked time‐dependent antiproliferative and pro‐apoptotic activity. CD30‐negative JAR cultured alone barely responds to brentuximab vedotin, while in coculture with GCT27 brentuximab vedotin induces clear dose‐dependent cytotoxicity. Cellular proliferation and cell death are significantly enhanced in CD30‐negative JAR cocultured with CD30‐positive GCT27 compared to JAR cultured alone in proof of substantial bystander activity of brentuximab vedotin in CD30‐negative GCT. We present first evidence that in an in vitro model mimicking GCT of heterogeneous histology, brentuximab vedotin exerts potent antiproliferative and pro‐apoptotic activity against both CD30‐positive as well as CD30‐negative GCT subsets. Our results strongly support translational efforts to evaluate clinical efficacy of brentuximab vedotin in high‐risk GCT of heterogeneous CD30 positivity.
SPOCK1 promotes the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer through Slug‐induced epithelial‐mesenchymal transition
Authors: Chen Dehu , Zhou Haihua , Liu Guiyuan , Zhao Yinghai , Cao Gan , Liu Qinghong 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMetastasis is a crucial impediment to the successful treatment for gastric cancer. SPOCK1 has been demonstrated to facilitate cancer metastasis in certain types of cancers; however, the role of SPOCK1 in the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer remains elusive. SPOCK1 and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐related biomarkers were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot in gastric cancer specimens. Other methods including stably transfected against SPOCK1 into gastric cancer cells, Western blot, migration and invasion assays in vitro and metastasis assay in vivo were also performed. The elevated expression of SPOCK1 correlates with EMT‐related markers in human gastric cancer tissue, clinical metastasis and a poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. In addition, knockdown of SPOCK1 expression significantly inhibits the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, inversely, SPOCK1 overexpression results in the opposite effect. Interestingly, SPOCK1 expression has no effect on cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Regarding the mechanism(s) of SPOCK1‐induced cells invasion and metastasis, we prove that Slug‐induced EMT is involved in SPOCK1‐facilitating gastric cancer cells invasion and metastasis. The elevated SPOCK1 expression is closely correlated with cancer metastasis and patient survival, and SPOCK1 promotes the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer through Slug‐mediated EMT, thereby possibly providing a novel therapeutic target for gastric cancer.
Candidatus Actinochlamydia pangasiae sp. nov. (Chlamydiales, Actinochlamydiaceae), a bacterium associated with epitheliocystis in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus
Authors: Sood N , Pradhan P K , Verma D K , Yadav M K , Ravindra  , Dev A K , Swaminathan T R , Sood N K 
Published: September 2017

AbstractChlamydial infections are recognised as causative agent of epitheliocystis, reported from over 90 fish species. In the present study, the farmed striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (14–15 cm, 70–90 g) with a history of cumulative mortality of about 23% during June and July 2015, were brought to the laboratory. The histopathological examination of gills from the affected fish revealed presence of granular basophilic intracellular inclusions, mostly at the base of the interlamellar region and in gill filaments. A concurrent infection with Trichodina spp., Ichthyobodo spp. and Dactylogyrus spp. was observed in the gills. The presence of chlamydial DNA in the gills of affected fish was confirmed by amplification and sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. BLAST‐n analysis of these amplicons revealed maximum similarity (96%) with Candidatus Actinochlamydia clariae. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, it was inferred that the epitheliocystis agents from striped catfish were novel and belonged to the taxon Ca. Actinochlamydia. It is proposed that epitheliocystis agents from striped catfish will be named as Ca. Actinochlamydia pangasiae. The 16S rRNA gene amplicons from novel chlamydiae were labelled and linked to inclusions by in situ hybridisation. This is the first report of epitheliocystis from India in a new fish host P. hypophthalmus.