bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The cholinergic system in the cerebellum: from structure to function
Authors: Zhang Changzheng , Zhou Peiling , Yuan Tifei 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The cerebellar cholinergic system belongs to the third type of afferent nerve fiber system (after the climbing and mossy fibers), and has important modulatory effects on cerebellar circuits and cerebellar-mediated functions. In this report, we review the cerebellar cholinergic system, including cholinergic origins and innervations, acetylcholine receptor expression and distributions, cholinergic modulations of neuronal firing and synaptic plasticity, the cholinergic role in cerebellar-mediated integral functions, and cholinergic changes during development and aging. Because some motor and mental disorders, such as cerebellar ataxia and autism, are accompanied with cerebellar cholinergic disorders, we also discuss the correlations between cerebellar cholinergic dysfunctions and these disorders. The cerebellar cholinergic input plays an important role in the modulation of cerebellar functions; therefore, cholinergic abnormalities could induce physiological dysfunctions.
Non-viral Vector Mediated RNA Interference Technology for Central Nervous System Injury
Authors: Macks Christian , Lee Jeoung Soo 
Published: August 2016

AbstractNeuronal axons damaged by traumatic injury are unable to spontaneously regenerate in the mammalian adult central nervous system (CNS), causing permanent motor, sensory, and cognitive deficits. Regenerative failure in the adult CNS results from a complex pathology presenting multiple barriers, both the presence of growth inhibitors in the extrinsic microenvironment and intrinsic deficiencies in neuronal biochemistry, to axonal regeneration and functional recovery. There are many strategies for axonal regeneration after CNS injury including antagonism of growth-inhibitory molecules and their receptors, manipulation of cyclic nucleotide levels, and delivery of growth-promoting stimuli through cell transplantation and neurotrophic factor delivery. While all of these approaches have achieved varying degrees of improvement in plasticity, regeneration, and function, there is no clinically effective therapy for CNS injury. RNA interference technology offers strategies for improving regeneration by overcoming the aspects of the injured CNS environment that inhibit neurite growth. This occurs through the knockdown of growth-inhibitory molecules and their receptors. In this review, we discuss the current state of RNAi strategies for the treatment of CNS injury based on non-viral vector mediated delivery.
Methyl-2-methyl-2-(4-methyl-phenyl)sulfonamido propanoate: structural study, supramolecular architecture and analysis of molecular surface electrostatic potential
Authors: Chatterjee Paramita , Dey Tanusri , Das Uday , Sureshbabu Vommina V. , Mukherjee Alok K. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
An arylsulfonamide compound, methyl-2-methyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonamido propanoate, (1), has been synthesised and structurally characterised. Compound (1) has a staggered conformation relative to the S–N bond. The DFT-optimised molecular geometry of (1) agrees closely with that obtained from the crystallographic study. The crystal exhibits cooperation of N–H···O hydrogen bonds with C–H···O and C–H···π(arene) interactions, resulting in a three-dimensional framework featuring R2
2(8) and R2
2(10) synthons. The effect of substitution in different arylsulfonamides retrieved from the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) on the formation of supramolecular synthons has been analysed in terms of graph-set notation. Hydrogen-bond based interactions in (1) have been complemented by molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) surface calculation. Hirshfeld surface analyses of (1) and a few related arylsulfonamides retrieved from the CSD indicate that about 80% of the Hirshfeld surface areas in these compounds are due to H···H and O···H contacts.
An Inversion Disrupting FAM134B Is Associated with Sensory Neuropathy in the Border Collie Dog Breed
Authors: Forman Oliver P , Hitti Rebekkah J , Pettitt Louise , Jenkins Christopher A , O’Brien Dennis P , Shelton G Diane , De Risio Luisa , Quintana Rodrigo Gutierrez , Beltran Elsa , Mellersh Cathryn 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Sensory neuropathy in the Border Collie is a severe neurological disorder caused by the degeneration of sensory and, to a lesser extent, motor nerve cells with clinical signs starting between 2 and 7 months of age. Using a genome-wide association study approach with three cases and 170 breed matched controls, a suggestive locus for sensory neuropathy was identified that was followed up using a genome sequencing approach. An inversion disrupting the candidate gene FAM134B was identified. Genotyping of additional cases and controls and RNAseq analysis provided strong evidence that the inversion is causal. Evidence of cryptic splicing resulting in novel exon transcription for FAM134B was identified by RNAseq experiments. This investigation demonstrates the identification of a novel sensory neuropathy associated mutation, by mapping using a minimal set of cases and subsequent genome sequencing. Through mutation screening, it should be possible to reduce the frequency of or completely eliminate this debilitating condition from the Border Collie breed population.
Characterization of the Far Transcription Factor Family in Aspergillus flavus
Authors: Luo Xingyu , Affeldt Katharyn J , Keller Nancy P 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Metabolism of fatty acids is a critical requirement for the pathogenesis of oil seed pathogens including the fungus Aspergillus flavus. Previous studies have correlated decreased ability to grow on fatty acids with reduced virulence of this fungus on host seed. Two fatty acid metabolism regulatory transcription factors, FarA and FarB, have been described in other filamentous fungi. Unexpectedly, we find A. flavus possesses three Far homologs, FarA, FarB, and FarC, with FarA and FarC showing a greater protein similarity to each other than FarB. farA and farB are located in regions of colinearity in all Aspergillus spp. sequenced to date, whereas farC is limited to a subset of species where it is inserted in an otherwise colinear region in Aspergillus genomes. Deletion and overexpression (OE) of farA and farB, but not farC, yielded mutants with aberrant growth patterns on specific fatty acids as well as altered expression of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism. Marked differences included significant growth defects of both ∆farA and ∆farB on medium-chain fatty acids and decreased growth of OE::farA on unsaturated fatty acids. Loss of farA diminished expression of mitochondrial β-oxidation genes whereas OE::farA inhibited expression of genes involved in unsaturated fatty acid catabolism. FarA also positively regulated the desaturase genes required to generate polyunsaturated fatty acids. Aflatoxin production on toxin-inducing media was significantly decreased in the ∆farB mutant and increased in the OE::farB mutant, with gene expression data supporting a role for FarB in tying β-oxidation processes with aflatoxin accumulation.
An Eye on Trafficking Genes: Identification of Four Eye Color Mutations inDrosophila
Authors: Grant Paaqua , Maga Tara , Loshakov Anna , Singhal Rishi , Wali Aminah , Nwankwo Jennifer , Baron Kaitlin , Johnson Diana 
Published: August 2016

AbstractGenes that code for proteins involved in organelle biogenesis and intracellular trafficking produce products that are critical in normal cell function . Conserved orthologs of these are present in most or all eukaryotes, including Drosophila melanogaster. Some of these genes were originally identified as eye color mutants with decreases in both types of pigments found in the fly eye. These criteria were used for identification of such genes, four eye color mutations that are not annotated in the genome sequence: chocolate, maroon, mahogany, and red Malpighian tubules were molecularly mapped and their genome sequences have been evaluated. Mapping was performed using deletion analysis and complementation tests. chocolate is an allele of the VhaAC39-1 gene, which is an ortholog of the Vacuolar H+ ATPase AC39 subunit 1. maroon corresponds to the Vps16A gene and its product is part of the HOPS complex, which participates in transport and organelle fusion. red Malpighian tubule is the CG12207 gene, which encodes a protein of unknown function that includes a LysM domain. mahogany is the CG13646 gene, which is predicted to be an amino acid transporter. The strategy of identifying eye color genes based on perturbations in quantities of both types of eye color pigments has proven useful in identifying proteins involved in trafficking and biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles. Mutants of these genes can form the basis of valuable in vivo models to understand these processes.
Rapid Screening for CRISPR-Directed Editing of the Drosophila Genome Using white Coconversion
Authors: Ge Daniel Tianfang , Tipping Cindy , Brodsky Michael H , Zamore Phillip D 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Adoption of a streamlined version of the bacterial clustered regular interspersed short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9 defense system has accelerated targeted genome engineering. The Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 protein, directed by a simplified, CRISPR-like single-guide RNA, catalyzes a double-stranded DNA break at a specific genomic site; subsequent repair by end joining can introduce mutagenic insertions or deletions, while repair by homologous recombination using an exogenous DNA template can incorporate new sequences at the target locus. However, the efficiency of Cas9-directed mutagenesis is low in Drosophila melanogaster. Here, we describe a strategy that reduces the time and effort required to identify flies with targeted genomic changes. The strategy uses editing of the white gene, evidenced by altered eye color, to predict successful editing of an unrelated gene-of-interest. The red eyes of wild-type flies are readily distinguished from white-eyed (end-joining-mediated loss of White function) or brown-eyed (recombination-mediated conversion to the whitecoffee allele) mutant flies. When single injected G0 flies produce individual G1 broods, flies carrying edits at a gene-of-interest were readily found in broods in which all G1 offspring carried white mutations. Thus, visual assessment of eye color substitutes for wholesale PCR screening of large numbers of G1 offspring. We find that end-joining-mediated mutations often show signatures of microhomology-mediated repair and that recombination-based mutations frequently involve donor plasmid integration at the target locus. Finally, we show that gap repair induced by two guide RNAs more reliably converts the intervening target sequence, whereas the use of Lig4169 mutants to suppress end joining does not improve recombination efficacy.
Mutations in the Motile Cilia Gene DNAAF1 Are Associated with Neural Tube Defects in Humans
Authors: Miao Chunyue , Jiang Qian , Li Huili , Zhang Qin , Bai Baoling , Bao Yihua , Zhang Ting 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are severe malformations of the central nervous system caused by complex genetic and environmental factors. Among genes involved in NTD, cilia-related genes have been well defined and found to be essential for the completion of neural tube closure (NTC). We have carried out next-generation sequencing on target genes in 373 NTDs and 222 healthy controls, and discovered eight disease-specific rare mutations in cilia-related gene DNAAF1. DNAAF1 plays a central role in cytoplasmic preassembly of distinct dynein-arm complexes, and is expressed in some key tissues involved in neural system development, such as neural tube, floor plate, embryonic node, and brain ependyma epithelial cells in zebrafish and mouse. Therefore, we evaluated the expression and functions of mutations in DNAAF1 in transfected cells to analyze the potential correlation of these mutants to NTDs in humans. One rare frameshift mutation (p.Gln341Argfs*10) resulted in significantly diminished DNAAF1 protein expression, compared to the wild type. Another mutation, p.Lys231Gln, disrupted cytoplasmic preassembly of the dynein-arm complexes in cellular assay. Furthermore, results from NanoString assay on mRNA from NTD samples indicated that DNAAF1 mutants altered the expression level of NTC-related genes. Altogether, these findings suggest that the rare mutations in DNAAF1 may contribute to the susceptibility for NTDs in humans.
Music Therapy for Preterm Infants and Their Parents: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Bieleninik Łucja , Ghetti Claire , Gold Christian 
Published: August 2016

CONTEXT:Given the recent expansion of research in the area of music therapy (MT) for preterm infants, there is a need for an up-to-date meta-analysis of rigorously designed studies that focus exclusively on MT.OBJECTIVE:To systematically review and meta-analyze the effect of MT on preterm infants and their parents during NICU hospitalization and after discharge from the hospital.DATA SOURCES:PubMed/Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINAHL, ERIC, Web of Science, RILM.STUDY SELECTION:Only parallel or crossover randomized controlled trials of MT versus standard care, comparison therapy, or placebo were included.DATA EXTRACTION:Independent extraction by 2 reviewers, including risk of bias indicators.RESULTS:From 1803 relevant records, 16 met inclusion criteria, of which 14 contained appropriate data for meta-analysis involving 964 infant participants and 266 parent participants. Overall, random-effects meta-analyses suggested significant large effects favoring MT for infant respiratory rate (mean difference, –3.91/min, 95% confidence interval, −7.8 to −0.03) and maternal anxiety (standardized mean difference, –1.82, 95% confidence interval, −2.42 to −1.22). There was not enough evidence to confirm or refute any effects of MT on other physiologic and behavioral outcomes or on short-term infant and service-level outcomes. There was considerable heterogeneity between studies for the majority of outcomes.LIMITATIONS:This review is limited by a lack of studies assessing long-term outcomes.CONCLUSIONS:There is sufficient evidence to confirm a large, favorable effect of MT on infant respiratory rate and maternal anxiety. More rigorous research on short-term and long-term infant and parent outcomes is required.
How is local knowledge about plants distributed among residents near a protected area?
Authors: Poderoso Renata Andressa , Hanazaki Natalia , Junior Antonio Dunaiski 
Published: August 2016

The interactions between people and plants may result in knowledge of plant resources. This knowledge can vary according to factors such as age, gender, occupation, resource availability, urbanization and restrictions on the use of native resources. This study aimed to understand the interaction between people and plants in two rural communities surrounding the National Forest (FLONA) of Ibirama, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Specifically, the study aimed to investigate the distribution of local knowledge of plants according to gender, age and occupation of residents in these communities. Semi-structured interviews were conducted followed by free listing and guided tours. A total of 104 interviews were conducted with adult men and women, who cited 475 plants found in the region that are used for numerous purposes. Of these plants, 184 are cultivated, 183 are extracted and 8 are cultivated and extracted. In general plant knowledge is shared between communities, in relation to gender, age and occupation. However, there are differences in the knowledge of timber resources, which is found to be higher among men and people with 41 years or more in age. These differences can be attributed to the influence of urban centers and the presence of the National Forest. However, respondents also view the FLONA positively, once they recognize the advances related to the conservation of nature, since there is greater control of deforestation and an increase in local avifauna. It is necessary to develop strategies to involve communities in the management of protected areas in order to ensure effective conservation of natural resources and the maintenance of local plant knowledge.
Is Non-Timber Forest Product Harvest Sustainable in the Less Developed World? A Systematic Review of the Recent Economic and Ecological Literature
Authors: Stanley Denise , Voeks Robert , Short Leaa 
Published: August 2016

Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) provide material subsistence and cash income to millions of rural people, particularly in less developed countries. This paper offers a systematic review of recent trends (2000-2010) in the ecological and economic sustainability of NTFPs. Of 101 NTFP ecological studies, most addressed harvest consequences at the population-individual level (62.4%), and over half (52.5%) were carried out in Latin America. Nearly two-thirds of research (63.3%) reported that extraction was sustainable or likely to be so, compared to less than one-fifth (17.8%) that found it to be unsustainable. Extractive enterprise in Latin America was most often reported as ecologically sustainable (82.6%), and least often in Asia (58.8%). Because little of the economic NTFP literature identifies whether extractive returns meet the financial needs of extractors, at least on a daily basis, we outline economic sustainability criteria in terms of whether returns surpass an absolute poverty line or alternative wage. Of the 71 articles presenting financial data, over two-thirds met or exceeded the threshold of economic sustainability. Roughly 75% of studies demonstrated that gatherers earned more than USD$2 PPP/day (the international absolute poverty line) or more than a local wage. These positive results do not, however, demonstrate that gathering reduces long-term poverty because forest dependence, and likely tenure security, remains low among these populations. Caution must be exercised in terms of extending these results into the future, as changing economic conditions, rates and sources of habitat modification, and climate change all point to increased extractive pressures on tropical forests and savannas.
A pesar de las estadísticas el numero de niños muertos en colombia por desnutrición es menor a lo esperado
Authors: Pérez Cárdenas Jorge Enrique 
Published: August 2016

La desnutrición y la muerte infantil asociada con este problema en Colombia es la consecuencia de la pobreza extrema en primer término, pero también de una serie de factores que la agudizan y que, en mi criterio, se presentan con una frecuencia más baja de lo esperado, a pesar de la reacción mediática y de las estadísticas.
La pobreza extrema en nuestro país es un aspecto que ya se ha determinado por parte del Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística en Colombia (DANE); estudios realizados en el año 2015 muestran como la pobreza extrema en todo Colombia es del 7,9%; sin embargo, a pesar de este bajo valor, la misma es mucho mayor en zonas rurales, con un 18%. La región de La Guajira presenta aspectos particulares con respecto al resto del país que hacen que sea posible una mayor desnutrición en esta región, la cual se ha calculado que es del 80% en niños. Lo más importante quizás sean las condiciones de supervivencia de las comunidades indígenas ya que viven en unas zonas inhóspitas sin agua; la falta de agua, elemento indispensable para la supervivencia de cualquier ser vivo, hace que estas comunidades sean nómadas y además no puedan subsistir de la agricultura; de igual manera, la tenencia de animales se ve restringida por la ausencia de este vital líquido.
Immunoglobulin G Deficiency-Associated Septic Arthritis Identified Following Corticosteroid Injection and Knee Arthroscopy
Authors: Buckley Patrick S. , Kane Justin , Ciccotti Michael G. 
Published: August 2016

Case:
We present the case of a patient who had worsening pain following intra-articular knee corticosteroid injection and who subsequently underwent arthroscopic partial meniscectomy with positive intraoperative cultures for Staphylococcus lugdunensis. He was treated with multiple irrigation and debridements, and subsequent work-up yielded a diagnosis of immunoglobulin G (IgG) deficiency. We believe that it is critical to maintain a high index of suspicion for underlying immune deficiency when faced with atypical presentations of infections or atypical bacteria in otherwise healthy patients.

Conclusion:
Knee arthroscopy for the treatment of meniscal tears is one of the most common procedures performed by orthopaedic surgeons in the United States. Patients with an antibody deficiency may have a limited or reduced immune response when presented with a pathogen foreign to the body. This may place the patient at an increased risk of infection and should be addressed through referral to the appropriate subspecialists when recurrent or atypical infection presents to the orthopaedic surgeon.
IMPACT OF BRACHIARIA, ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA, AND POTASSIUM ENRICHED RICE STRAW COMPOST ON ALUMINIUM, POTASSIUM AND STABILITY OF ACID SOIL AGGREGATES
Authors: Hafifa Bariot , Sabiham Supiandi , Anas Iswandi , Sutandi Atang Sutandi , Suyamto Suyamto 
Published: August 2016

<p>Acid soil is commonly grown with cassava, which in general, tolerate low soil fertility and aluminum (Al) toxicity. However, without any improvement efforts such soil will become worse. Intercropping cassava with <em>Brachiaria decumbens </em>(BD) which adapts to acid soil and tolerates low fertility soils as well as application of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) and organic matters are among the important efforts to rehabilitate this soil. The experiment was conducted to examine the impact of BD, AM, and potassium (K) enriched rice straw compost on exchangeable Al, available K, and stability of soil aggregates. Experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with three factors and three replications. The first factor was BD as cassava intercropping, the second factor was AM, and the third factor was 2 t ha-1 rice straw compost enriched with 0 kg, 50 kg, 100 kg, and 200 kg KCl ha-1. Brick pots (1 m length x 1 m width x 0.45 m depth) filled with Kanhapludult soil was used for growing cassava in which row of BD was planted at 60 cm from cassava stem. K-enriched rice straw compost and AM (10 g per stem) were applied around cassava stem at 2 and 12 days after planting, respectively. BD was cut every 30 days and the cutting was returned to the soil. Soil exchangeable Al was analyzed at 0, 3, 6 and 9 months after planting (MAP), while Al and K contents as well as aggregate stability were measured at 6 MAP. The results showed that planting BD decreased 33% exchangeable Al, which means that the root exudates of this grass was effective in detoxifying Al3+. Treatment of BD and/or in combination with AM was effective in preserving K added to the soil, increasing total polysaccharides, and improving soil aggregate stability. This indicated that planting BD and applying AM and Kenriched rice straw compost improved acid soil fertility, and therefore can be recommended in cassava cultivation.</p>