bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constructing Causal Diagrams for Common Perinatal Outcomes: Benefits, Limitations and Motivating Examples with Maternal Antidepressant Use in Pregnancy
Authors: Bandoli Gretchen , Palmsten Kristin , Flores Katrina F. , Chambers Christina D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundCovariate selection to reduce bias in observational data analysis has primarily relied upon statistical criteria to guide researchers. This approach may lead researchers to condition on variables that ultimately increase bias in the effect estimates. The use of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) aids researchers in constructing thoughtful models based on hypothesised biologic mechanisms to produce the least biased effect estimates possible.MethodsAfter providing an overview of different relations in DAGs and the prevailing mechanisms by which conditioning on variables increases or reduces bias in a model, we illustrate examples of DAGs for maternal antidepressants in pregnancy and four separate perinatal outcomes.ResultsBy comparing and contrasting the diagrams for maternal antidepressant use in pregnancy and spontaneous abortion, major malformations, preterm birth, and postnatal growth, we illustrate the different conditioning sets required for each model. Moreover, we illustrate why it is not appropriate to condition on the same set of covariates for the same exposure and different perinatal outcomes. We further discuss potential selection biases, overadjustment of mediators on the causal path, and sufficient sets of conditioning variables.ConclusionIn our efforts to construct parsimonious models that minimise confounding and selection biases, we must rely upon our scientific knowledge of the causal mechanism. By structuring data collection and analysis around hypothesised DAGs, we ultimately aim to validly estimate the causal effect of interest.
Validity and reliability of the Danish version of the 9‐item European Heart Failure Self‐care Behavior Scale
Authors: Østergaard Birte , Mahrer‐Imhof Romy , Lauridsen Jørgen , Wagner Lis 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveTo assess the self‐care of patients with heart failure (HF), reliable and validated instruments are needed. The aim of this study was to test the validity and reliability of the Danish version of the European Heart Failure Self‐care Behavior Scale (EHFScBS‐9) based on previous studies reporting 1, 2 and 3 factors, respectively.MethodsA convenience sample of 147 patients with HF completed the EHFScBS‐9. Psychometric properties of the Danish version of the EHFScBS‐9 were tested with factor loadings, factor correlations and goodness‐of‐fit indices for four different measurement models based on confirmatory factor analysis.ResultsAll of the items, except item 9 about regular exercise, demonstrated satisfactory item‐total correlation ≥0.30. Regarding the fit of the models on the sample data, the most superior fit was observed for the two‐factor solution in terms of root‐mean‐square error of approximation (RMSEA), goodness‐of‐fit index (GFI), adjusted GFI (AGFI) and comparative fit index (CFI), which all reached the predefined threshold value, except for the normed fit index (NFI) at 0.90. Factor score determinacy (FSD) for the four models tested was 0.88 for the one‐factor solution, 0.54 and 0.87 for the two‐factor model, 0.83–0.55 for the first three‐factor model and 0.87–0.38 for the second three‐factor model.ConclusionsThe EHFScBS‐9 questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument to assess heart failure‐specific self‐care behaviours in a Danish population.
Securitization as a Source of Insecurity: A Ground‐Level Look at the Functioning of Europe's External Border in Lampedusa
Authors: Orsini Giacomo 
Published: May 2016

AbstractImmigration to Europe increasingly emerges as a core security concern. In response to these growing anxieties the external border of Schengen space of free movement of people was established to limit uncontrolled immigration to the European Union. Yet, looking closely at how this border works in Lampedusa and its surrounding seawaters, one realizes the functioning of the European external border works to undermine the legitimacy of institutions on the island, de facto challenging law enforcement both on the island as well as at sea. Based on the data collected during the six‐months‐long fieldwork that I conducted on the island, this paper disentangles the complex machinery of the border as it structures in Lampedusa, and presents how such complex governing technology works through authorities’ strategic use of local land and seawaters and their simultaneous neglect for the concerns of the population inhabiting them – representing a major source of insecurity for islanders.
The Rainbow Is Burning: Analysing Public Contemporary Art as Site of the Polish Symbolic Conflict Over LGBT Rights, the Nation and Europe
Authors: Dunin‐Wąsowicz Roch 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis paper examines the meanings and the social function of the Rainbow artwork mounted on one of Warsaw's central squares. It analyses how its public presence became site of the Polish symbolic conflict over LGBT rights, nationhood, and Europe. On the one hand, the Rainbow illuminates existing social cleavages – the way in which Polish national subjectivity is currently reconstructed in relation to undergoing social and civilisational changes after EU accession. On the other hand, the Rainbow not only represents existing differences in society, but itself catalyses polarisation of public attitudes. It does so mainly because of its perceived LGBT symbolism. It is shown that while the symbolic conflict may be intensifying and political fringe polarisation is indeed occurring, popular sentiments are actually liberalising, public visibility of the LGBT minority is historically unparalleled, and a European civilisational aspiration is overwhelmingly embraced in Polish society. This paper shows that though homophobic right‐wing radicalisation does occur, it is mainly a result of political ideology supply, and that overwhelming popular support for the artwork and its ‘gay’ meaning reflects actual social liberalisation and a pluralisation of the public sphere in contemporary Poland.
Technological Innovation and Nationalistic Discourse in Late Nineteenth‐Century Japan: The Incandescent Lamp and Perceived Challenges to Ethnic‐National Identity
Authors: Wachutka Michael 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe ambivalence between Westernization and nationalism is a major theme in modern Japanese history, the Meiji period (1868–1912) ranks as one of its most exhilarating epochs. For the government's major policies at the beginning of this new era, ‘revival’ and ‘progress’ were two sides of the same coin – the first was a principle for the country's new internal organization based on the spirit of ancient mysticism involving the reverential evocation of imperial ancestors of an ‘unbroken’ line reaching all the way to the Japanese kami or deities, whereas the other was a policy for adopting external culture in the spirit of modern pragmatism. In every respect, the early Meiji years were a time of rapid and major transformations.
In vivo physiological recording from the lateral line of juvenile zebrafish
Authors: Olt Jennifer , Allen Claire E. , Marcotti Walter 
Published: May 2016

Key points
Zebrafish provide a unique opportunity to investigate in vivo sensory transduction in mature hair cells.
We have developed a method for studying the biophysical properties of mature hair cells from the lateral line of juvenile zebrafish.
The method involves application of the anaesthetic benzocaine and intubation to maintain ventilation and oxygenation through the gills.
The same approach could be used for in vivo functional studies in other sensory and non‐sensory systems from juvenile and adult zebrafish.
AbstractHair cells are sensory receptors responsible for transducing auditory and vestibular information into electrical signals, which are then transmitted with remarkable precision to afferent neurons. The zebrafish lateral line is emerging as an excellent in vivo model for genetic and physiological analysis of hair cells and neurons. However, research has been limited to larval stages because zebrafish become protected from the time of independent feeding under European law (from 5.2 days post‐fertilization (dpf) at 28.5°C). In larval zebrafish, the functional properties of most of hair cells, as well as those of other excitable cells, are still immature. We have developed an experimental protocol to record electrophysiological properties from hair cells of the lateral line in juvenile zebrafish. We found that the anaesthetic benzocaine at 50 mg l−1 was an effective and safe anaesthetic to use on juvenile zebrafish. Concentrations up to 300 mg l−1 did not affect the electrical properties or synaptic vesicle release of juvenile hair cells, unlike the commonly used anaesthetic MS‐222, which reduces the size of basolateral membrane K+ currents. Additionally, we implemented a method to maintain gill movement, and as such respiration and blood oxygenation, via the intubation of > 21 dpf zebrafish. The combination of benzocaine and intubation provides an experimental platform to investigate the physiology of mature hair cells from live zebrafish. More generally, this method would allow functional studies involving live imaging and electrophysiology from juvenile and adult zebrafish.
Multicenter Investigation of Gepotidacin (GSK2140944) Agar Dilution Quality Control Determinations for Neisseria gonorrhoeae ATCC 49226
Authors: Jones Ronald N. , Fedler Kelley A. , Scangarella-Oman Nicole E. , Ross James E. , Flamm Robert K. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

Gepotidacin, a novel triazaacenaphthylene antibacterial agent, is the first in a new class of type IIA topoisomerase inhibitors with activity against many biothreat and conventional pathogens, including
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
. To assist ongoing clinical studies of gepotidacin to treat gonorrhea, a multilaboratory quality assurance investigation determined the reference organism (
N. gonorrhoeae
ATCC 49226) quality control MIC range to be 0.25 to 1 μg/ml (88.8% of gepotidacin MIC results at the 0.5 μg/ml mode).
ID: 97: MYCOBACTERIUM MUCOGENICUM IN HEMATOPOEITIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS AND IN HIGH-RISK PATIENTS WITH HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCIES, 2008–2013
Authors: Abidi M , Banerjee A , Ledeboer N , Hari P 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundRapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacteria can cause variety of clinical syndromes including catheter related blood stream infections (BSI).MethodsWe reviewed medical records of patients with blood cultures positive for Mycobacterium mucogenicum (MM) from 2008–2013. We defined 4 at-risk groups: Stem cell transplant recipients (SCT); patients with hematologic malignancy; patients with solid tumors and other's (patient's on treatment with tumor necrotic factor inhibitors). Descriptive analysis was performed, as well as comparative analysis of neutropenic patients (absolute neutrophil count ≤1000 /μL) with non-neutropenic patients.Results39 patients with MM bacteremia were identified. There were 27 SCT recipients (24 Allogeneic; 3 Autologous). 4 patients had hematologic malignancy and 4 patients had solid tumors. Others included 4 patients. At time of diagnosis, 12 were neutropenic, and 27 were non-neutropenic. No significant difference was noted in age (p=0.41) or gender (p=1.00) or rates of pure vs. mixed mycobacterial BSI (p=1.00) or more than single blood culture positivity (p=1.00) between these two groups.The predominant clinical feature was fever with mean temperature of 38 degrees C (range 37.8–40.1). There was a significant difference in presence of fever at the time of bacteremia (92% vs. 42%; p=0.005) between the neutropenic and non-neutropenic group. Central venous catheter (CVC) was present at time of bacteremia in 33 cases (P=0.15); there was no significant difference for presence of CVC between these two groups (100% vs. 78%). Median duration of antibiotic treatment was 42 days (p=0.44). All patients were treated with >1 antibiotic. Most used regimen involved clarithomycin and amikacin (n=16).While there were 15 deaths; none were attributed to MM BSI. No significant survival difference was seen at 3 years between the neutropenic and non-neutropenic group (62% vs. 56%; p=0.75).ConclusionsMM is a rare cause of CVC-associated bacteremia. In our study MM BSI was seen in immune compromised patients, predominantly in SCT recipients. BSI resolved in all patients with CVC removal and combination antimicrobial treatment. None of the patients suffered a relapse.
Monitoring Participant Safety in Phase I and II Interventional Trials: Options and Controversies
Authors: Hibberd Patricia L. , Weiner Debra L. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundThe need for phase I and II clinical trials to have a data and safety monitoring plan (DSMP) is widely accepted; however, whether and/or when these trials should also have oversight by a data and safety monitoring board (DSMB) is controversial. Monitoring requirements also depend on whether the study is funded by the National Institutes of Health, funded and/or monitored by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), or funded by industry. However, there is little guidance about when and how to constitute a DSMB for phase I and II clinical trials.ObjectivesThe objectives of this article are to suggest guidelines for when and how to constitute a DSMB for phase I and II studies and to highlight the similarities and differences between DSMBs monitoring phase I and II versus phase III clinical studies. We highlight the utility of these guidelines in the safety monitoring of a mechanism of disease-based study of inhaled nitric oxide for acute vaso-occlusive crisis in pediatric patients with sickle cell disease that was funded and regulated by the FDA.ConclusionThe goal of DSMPs regardless of the phase of the clinical trial is to protect participant safety and ensure the integrity and validity of the data. A DSMB can ensure that risks and data are evaluated in a timely, efficient, and unbiased manner. We describe “risk-based” guidelines to determine situations in which a DSMB may be an appropriate addition to a DSMP for phase I and II clinical trials. We also address the roles and responsibilities of the DSMB for these studies.
Implementing Practice Guidelines: A Workshop on Guidelines Dissemination and Implementation with a Focus on Asthma and COPD
Authors: Boulet Louis-Philippe , Becker Allan , Bowie Dennis , Hernandez Paul , McIvor Andrew , Rouleau Michel 
Published: May 2016

The present supplement summarizes the proceedings of the symposium “Implementing practice guidelines: A workshop on guidelines dissemination and implementation with a focus on asthma and COPD”, which took place in Quebec City, Quebec, from April 14 to 16, 2005. This international symposium was a joint initiative of the Laval University Office of Continuing Medical Education (Bureau de la Formation Médicale Continue), the Canadian Thoracic Society and the Canadian Network for Asthma Care, and was supported by many other organizations and by industrial partners. The objectives of this meeting were to examine the optimal implementation of practice guidelines, review current initiatives for the implementation of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) guidelines in Canada and in the rest of the world, and develop an optimal strategy for future guideline implementation. An impressive group of scientists, physicians and other health care providers, as well as policy makers and representatives of patients’ associations, the pharmaceutical industry, research and health networks, and communications specialists, conveyed their perspectives on how to achieve these goals.This important event provided a unique opportunity for all participants to discuss key issues in improving the care of patients with asthma and COPD. These two diseases are responsible for an enormous human and socioeconomic burden around the world. Many reports have indicated that current evidence-based guidelines are underused by physicians and others, and that there are many barriers to an effective translation of recommendations into day-to-day care. There is therefore a need to develop more effective ways to communicate key information to both caregivers and patients, and to promote appropriate health behaviours. This symposium contributed to the initiation of what could become the “Canadian Asthma and COPD Campaign”, aimed at improving care and, hence, the quality of life of those suffering from these diseases.It is hoped that this event will be followed by other meetings that focus on how to improve the transfer of key recommendations from evidence-based guidelines into current care, and how to stimulate research to accomplish this.
ВПЛИВ ДИНАМІЧНОЇ ЕЛЕКТРОНЕЙРОСТИМУЛЯЦІЇ НА ПОКАЗНИКИ ВІТАМІННОГО СТАТУСУ ПРИ ХРОНІЧНОМУ ПАНКРЕАТИТІ
Authors: Babinets L. S. , Halabitska I. M. 
Published: May 2016

<p>Динамічна електронейростимуляція – це метод немедикаментозного лікування, заснований на впливі на активні рефлекторні зони і точки динамічними імпульсами електричного струму, форма яких постійно змінюється і залежить від<br />величини електричного опору поверхні шкіри на піделектродній ділянці. При цьому позитивний ефект полягає не тільки у ліквідації болю, але і в<br />дії на причину захворювання.</p>
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЗМІН ПОКАЗНИКІВ СУДИННО-ТРОМБОЦИТАРНОЇ ЛАНКИ ПЕРВИННОГО ГЕМОСТАЗУ, ФУНКЦІЇ ЕНДОТЕЛІЮ ТА ДЕЯКИХ ЦИТОКІНІВ ЯК МАРКЕРІВ СИСТЕМНОГО ЗАПАЛЕННЯ У ХВОРИХ НА РЕВМАТОЇДНИЙ АРТРИТ У ПЕРІОД КЛІНІКО-ЛАБОРАТОРНОЇ РЕМІСІЇ
Authors: Burmak Yu. H. , Kazakov Yu. M. , Chekalina N. I. , Shylkina L. M. , Treumova S. I. , Petrov Ye. Ye. 
Published: May 2016

<p>В останній час приділяється значна увага характеру змін маркерів системного запалення у розвитку і прогресуванні патологічних процесів та наголошується на ролі порушень функції ендотелію і особливостях змін первинного гемостазу (ПГ).</p>
ПРЕПАРАТИ РОСЛИННОГО ПОХОДЖЕННЯ ПРИ КОМОРБІДНИХ СТАНАХ У КОМПЛЕКСНІЙ, ПРЕВЕНТИВНІЙ ТА МЕДИЧНІЙ РЕАБІЛІТАЦІЇ У ПРАКТИЦІ СІМЕЙНОГО ЛІКАРЯ
Authors: Harnyk T. P. , Boychuk T. M. , Voloshyn O. I. , Voloshyna L. O. , Harnyk K. V. , Petrishcheva V. O. , Bilousova I. V. 
Published: May 2016

<p>Проблема ефективності лікування та профілактики хронічних хвороб, зокрема хвороб органів дихання та загострень хронічного пієлонефриту (МКХ-10: N.11.9) (ХПн) залишається актуальною на сучасному етапі розвитку медичної науки. Одним із факторів, що сприяють хронізації запального процесу органів дихання та нирок, є те, що із зростанням давності перебігу ХПн та віку хворих набувають значної частоти та вираженості супутні захворювання, у тому числі і системи травлення (СТ), зокрема: хронічні гастрити (МКХ-10: К.27.3-К.29.7) (ХГ), хронічний гастродуоденіт (МКХ-10: К.29.9) (ХГД), хронічний холецистит (МКХ-10: К.81.1) (ХХ), синдром подразненого кишечника (МКХ-10: К.58) (СПК), хронічний коліт (МКХ-10: К.52.9) та дисбіоз. Відзначається розвиток споріднених патогенетичних ланок у розвитку ХПн та супутньої гастродуоденальної патології, що дозволяє визначити її як коморбідну<br />за клінічними та метаболічними ознаками, а також за наявністю спільних інфекційних джерел (інфекційно-токсичний, інфекційно-алергізуючий<br />взаємні впливи, зумовлені, зокрема, інфікуванням та носійством Helicobacter pylori).</p>
ПРОФІЛАКТИКА ВАД НЕВРАЛЬНОЇ ТРУБКИ В СІМЕЙНІЙ МЕДИЦИНІ
Authors: Drehalyuk V. S. 
Published: May 2016

<p>Згідно з даними Європейської системи нагляду за вродженими вадами розвитку (EUROCAT), на найчастіші вади – вади невральної трубки (ВНТ: аненцефалія, spina bifida тощо) в Європейських країнах припадає в середньому 9,1 випад-<br />ка на 10000 народжених. За 20 років виявлено 11 353 випадки.</p>
ДИНАМІКА ПОКАЗНИКІВ ВУГЛЕВОДНОГО ОБМІНУ У ПРОЦЕСІ КОНСЕРВАТИВНОГО ЛІКУВАННЯ ДИФУЗНОГО ТОКСИЧНОГО ЗОБА
Authors: Lishchuk O. Z. , Suslyk H. I. , Lishchuk B. F. 
Published: May 2016

<p>Актуальність проблеми. Дифузний токсичний зоб (ДТЗ) – органоспецифічне автоімунне захворювання, при якому тиреоїдостимулювальні<br />антитіла (АТ-рТТГ) впливають на рецептори тиреотропного<br />гормону гіпофіза, що призводить до підвищення синтезу тиреоїдних гормонів і дифузного збільшення щитоподібної залози. В останнє десятиріччя з’явилась велика кількість робіт, присвячених проблемі порушень вуглеводного обміну при ДТЗ. Як виявилось, тиреоїдні гормони не лише регулюють диференціювання, ріст і метаболізм майже всіх клітин організму людини, але й причетні до різних аспектів обміну глюкози та інсулінової відповіді.</p>
ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ПРЕПАРАТУ МЕБІКАР У ПОЄДНАННІ З РЕФЛЕКСОТЕРАПІЄЮ ПРИ ГІПЕРТОНІЧНІЙ ХВОРОБІ З СУПУТНІМ ХРОНІЧНИМ ПАНКРЕАТИТОМ
Authors: Medvid I. I. , Babinets L. S. , Borovyk I. O. 
Published: May 2016

<p>Вступ. Лікування пацієнтів із коморбідною патологією вимагає індивідуального підходу. Неухильне слідування протоколам без урахування<br />особливостей конкретного хворого може призвести до погіршення клінічного стану та розвитку ускладнень. Вплив вегетативних та психоемоційних розладів на ефективність терапії обумовлює пошук дієвих засобів їх корекції.</p>
ДІАГНОСТИЧНІ НЕЙРОФІЗІОЛОГІЧНІ КРИТЕРІЇ ПІСЛЯТРАВМАТИЧНИХ СПІНАЛЬНИХ ІНСУЛЬТІВ У ВІДДАЛЕНОМУ ПЕРІОДІ ТРАВМАТИЧНОЇ ХВОРОБИ
Authors: Oleksyuk-Nekhames A. H. 
Published: May 2016

<p>Виявлено, що показники вірогідно відмінні у групі хворих, коли обстеження проводилося у віддалені періоди спінальної травми,<br />що, згідно з аналізом показників, прогностично несприятливо, оскільки про збереженість рухової частини рефлекторної дуги свідчить зменшення співвідношення амплітуди Н\М. Дослідження свідчать про інформативність проб стимуляційної і голкової електронейроміографії в залежності від терміну обстеження у різні періоди виникнення травми, після операції, які вірогідно дозволяють виявити прогностичні результати операційного втручання.</p>
Характеристика клітинного складу червоної облямівки при атопічному хейліті
Authors: Hasiuk P. A. 
Published: May 2016

<p class="1Reziune">The article presents results of cytological examination of cell composition of red border in patients with atopic cheilitis. Obtained results will make it possible to provide dynamic observation of this contingent of persons during indication of complex, etiological, pathogenetic, symptomatic treatment of this nosological unit.</p><p class="1Reziune"><strong> </strong></p>
Клінічні аспекти, комплексна терапія та профілактика гострого герпетичного стоматиту (випадок iз практики)
Authors: Zhyznomyrska O. O. , Slaba O. M. , Minko L. Yu. 
Published: May 2016

<p>The course of acute Herpetic stomatitis of medium-severe form, in addition to local dental treatment requires additional cooperation with infectious diseases doctors to perform general detoxification therapy of disease, that can prevent chronic herpes infection. Herpes virus infections are the leading health and social problem and become of national importance inUkraine. That’s why dental’s responsibility for early diagnosing and timely efficient treatment of herpes manifestations on the skin and mucous membranes of the maxillofacial area is being increased. </p>