bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Penile Prosthesis Implantation in Patients with a History of Total Phallic Construction
Authors: Zuckerman Jack M. , Smentkowski Katherine , Gilbert David , Storme Oscar , Jordan Gerald , Virasoro Ramon , Tonkin Jeremy , McCammon Kurt 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Outcomes following penile prosthesis implantation in patients with a history of total phallic construction are not well described.

Aim
The aim of this study was to evaluate outcomes following neophallus penile prosthesis placement.

Methods
Retrospective review penile prosthesis placement in patients with prior total phallic construction. GORE-TEX® (Gore Medical, Flagstaff, AZ) sleeve neotunica construction was utilized in all patients.

Main Outcome Measure
Success defined as patient sexual activity with a functioning prosthesis.

Results
Thirty-one patients underwent neophallic prosthesis implantation at a mean 35.6 years of age. Prosthesis placement occurred at an average 56.3 months following phallic construction and follow-up was a mean of 59.7 months. Malleable prostheses were placed in 21 patients and inflatable in 10; implants were bilateral in 94%. Six percent experienced operative complications including a bladder injury (1) and phallic flap arterial injury (1). Postoperative complications occurred in 23% at a median 5.5 months following placement. Five prostheses were explanted secondary to infection or erosion and two additional required revisions. Of the explanted prosthesis two were later replaced without further complication. Eighty-one percent of patients were sexually active following prosthesis placement.

Conclusions
Penile prosthesis placement is possible in patients with prior penile reconstruction/phallic construction. Although complications rates appear to be elevated in this population compared with historic controls of normal anatomic men, the majority of patients in this series were sexually active following prosthesis placement. This demonstrates the utility of prosthesis implantation in these difficult patients.
Basic Science Evidence for the Link Between Erectile Dysfunction and Cardiometabolic Dysfunction
Authors: Musicki Biljana , Bella Anthony J. , Bivalacqua Trinity J. , Davies Kelvin P. , DiSanto Michael E. , Gonzalez-Cadavid Nestor F. , Hannan Johanna L. , Kim Noel N. , Podlasek Carol A. , Wingard Christopher J. , Burnett Arthur L. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTIntroductionAlthough clinical evidence supports an association between cardiovascular/metabolic diseases (CVMD) and erectile dysfunction (ED), scientific evidence for this link is incompletely elucidated.AimThis study aims to provide scientific evidence for the link between CVMD and ED.MethodsIn this White Paper, the Basic Science Committee of the Sexual Medicine Society of North America assessed the current literature on basic scientific support for a mechanistic link between ED and CVMD, and deficiencies in this regard with a critical assessment of current preclinical models of disease.ResultsA link exists between ED and CVMD on several grounds: the endothelium (endothelium-derived nitric oxide and oxidative stress imbalance); smooth muscle (SM) (SM abundance and altered molecular regulation of SM contractility); autonomic innervation (autonomic neuropathy and decreased neuronal-derived nitric oxide); hormones (impaired testosterone release and actions); and metabolics (hyperlipidemia, advanced glycation end product formation).ConclusionBasic science evidence supports the link between ED and CVMD. The Committee also highlighted gaps in knowledge and provided recommendations for guiding further scientific study defining this risk relationship. This endeavor serves to develop novel strategic directions for therapeutic interventions.
Atrial Fibrillation in Eight New World Camelids
Authors: Bozorgmanesh R. , Magdesian K.G. , Estell K.E. , Stern J.A. , Swain E.A. , Griffiths L.G. 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundThere is limited information on the incidence of clinical signs, concurrent illness and treatment options for atrial fibrillation (AF) in New World Camelids (NWC).ObjectiveDescribe clinical signs and outcome of AF in NWC.AnimalsEight New World Camelids admitted with AF.MethodsA retrospective observational study of camelids diagnosed with AF based on characteristic findings on electrocardiogram (ECG).ResultsAll animals had an irregularly irregular heart rhythm detected on physical examination and 4 cases had obtunded mentation on admission. Three camelids were diagnosed with AF secondary to oleander intoxication, 3 animals had underlying cardiovascular disease, 1 was diagnosed with lone AF and 1 had AF diagnosed on examination for a urethral obstruction. Five of eight animals survived to discharge and nonsurvivors consisted of animals which died or were euthanized as a result of cardiovascular disease (2/8) or extra‐cardiac disease unrelated to the AF (1/8).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAtrial fibrillation occurs in NWC in association with cardiovascular disease, extra‐cardiac disease or as lone AF. Amiodarone and transthoracic cardioversion were attempted in one llama with lone AF, but were unsuccessful. Atrial fibrillation was recorded in 0.1% of admissions.
The case of Bougainvillia triestina Hartlaub 1911 (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): a 100‐year‐long struggle for recognition
Authors: Batistić Mirna , Garić Rade 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBougainvillia triestina was described by Hartlaub in 1911 from specimens collected in the Gulf of Trieste (North Adriatic, Italy). Two years later, after re‐examination of the same specimens, Neppi & Stiasny (1913) concluded that these were in fact juvenile medusae of Bougainvillia autumnalis (now synonymized with Bougainvillia muscus). Based on unique morphological traits and genetic analyses (16S rRNA, 18S rRNA, COI) of specimens of different stages recently collected in the shallow and enclosed coastal area of Ploče Harbour and Mali Ston Bay (South Adriatic, Croatia), we can confirm, 100 years after its first description, B. triestina as a valid, distinct species, clearly distinguishable from B. muscus (Allman 1863). Based on its occurrence in the Adriatic Sea, B. triestina seems to prefer productive coastal areas with a wide range of temperatures and salinities. Therefore, we expect that this species inhabits other coastal areas of the Mediterranean Sea as well as those of other seas and oceans. Given this, it is probable that in previous investigations some records of B. triestina were incorrectly attributed to B. muscus.
Esophageal diverticula are associated with propagating peristalsis: a study utilizing high‐resolution manometry
Authors: Carlson D. A. , Gluskin A. B. , Mogni B. , Koo J. , Sood R. , Lin Z. , Pandolfino J. E. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundEsophageal diverticula have been associated with esophageal motility disorders, most commonly achalasia. We aimed to evaluate high‐resolution manometry (HRM) motility diagnoses and pressurization patterns in patients with esophageal diverticula.MethodsPatients were retrospectively identified for distal esophageal diverticula and previously completed HRM. High‐resolution manometries were analyzed according to the Chicago Classification, and the pressure slope of the compartmentalization phase (time between upper esophageal sphincter closure and the transition zone) of esophageal bolus transit was measured. Pressure slopes were also measured in 10 asymptomatic volunteers (controls) for comparison.Key ResultsNineteen patients (ages 31–83) were included. Eight (42%) patients had normal motility, five (26%) had esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction, and two (11%) had jackhammer esophagus; four patients had other motility diagnoses including only one patient with achalasia. A total of six patients (32%) had at least one hypercontractile swallow. Greater compartmentalization phase pressure slopes were observed in patients at the mid‐esophageal body in both supine (median [interquartile range]: 1.9 mmHg/s [0.9, 3.6]) and upright (1.1 [0.1, 3.1]) positions than in controls (supine: −1.3 [−2.4, −0.11], p = 0.001; upright; −0.71 [−2.1, −0.02], p = 0.005).Conclusions & InferencesPropagating peristalsis, often with hypercontractility, was commonly seen in our cohort of patients with esophageal diverticula. Abnormal compartmentalization phase pressurization may indicate a relationship of abnormal esophageal wall mechanics and/or compliance with diverticula; however whether these findings are causal or reactionary remains unclear.
Impact of the Right Ventricular Lead Position on Clinical End Points in CRT Recipients—A Subanalysis of the Multicenter Randomized SPICE Trial
Authors: ASBACH STEFAN , LENNERZ CARSTEN , SEMMLER VERENA , GREBMER CHRISTIAN , SOLZBACH ULRICH , KLOPPE AXEL , KLEIN NORBERT , SZENDEY ISTVAN , ANDRIKOPOULOS GEORGE , TZEIS STYLIANOS , BODE CHRISTOPH , KOLB CHRISTOF 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundThe impact of right ventricular (RV) lead location on clinical end points in patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is unclear. We evaluated the impact of different RV lead locations on clinical outcome in CRT patients enrolled in the Septal Positioning of ventricular implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) Electrodes (SPICE) trial, which randomized recipients of implantable cardioverter defibrillators to apical versus midseptal RV lead positioning.MethodsNinety‐eight CRT recipients were included in the multicenter SPICE trial and followed for 12 months: Fifty‐three patients were randomized to receive an apical (A) and 45 to receive a midseptal (S) lead position. We compared echocardiographical and electrocardiographical parameters and outcome.ResultsEchocardiographic response with respect to improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction (A: +15.8 ± 14.6%, S: +9.7 ± 12.6%, P = 0.156) and reduction of left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter (A: −4.2 ± 10.7 mm, S: −7.5 ± 10.7 mm, P = 0.141) was comparable in apical and midseptal groups. Paced QRS width neither differed at prehospital discharge (A: 129 ± 21 ms, S: 135 ± 21 ms, P = 0.133) nor at 12‐month follow‐up (A: 131 ± 23 ms, S: 134 ± 28 ms, P = 0.620). No differences were found with respect to the risk of ventricular tachyarrhythmia or ICD therapy. Septal RV lead position, however, was associated with a significant longer time to a first heart failure event (P = 0.040) and a longer survival time (P = 0.019).ConclusionsIn CRT recipients, midseptal RV lead position was not superior with respect to improvement of echocardiographic parameters or paced QRS width. It did not predispose to ventricular arrhythmias or ICD therapy. The finding that midseptal lead position was associated with a longer time to first heart failure event and a longer survival time deserves further investigation.
Hypocellular Plaque‐Like CD34‐Positive Dermal Fibroma (Medallion‐Like Dermal Dendrocyte Hamartoma) Presenting as a Skin‐Colored Dermal Nodule
Authors: Mutgi Krishna A. J. , Chitgopeker Pooja , Ciliberto Heather , Stone Mary S. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPlaque‐like CD34‐positive dermal fibromas, also known as medallion‐like dermal dendrocyte hamartomas (MDDHs), are a recently recognized group of congenital and acquired spindle cell neoplasms that may appear histologically similar to dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. Recognizing the clinical heterogeneity of this neoplasm and the subtle pathologic differences are crucial to making the correct diagnosis and avoiding the aggressive surgical intervention required to treat a dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. We present the case of a 9‐year‐old girl with an acquired variant of a plaque‐like CD34‐positive dermal fibroma without clinical epidermal change. Our case expands the clinical spectrum to include an acquired variant of a plaque‐like CD34‐positive dermal fibroma without clinical epidermal change. Examination of more cases is needed to determine whether all clinical variants are truly subtypes of the same neoplasm or represent distinct CD34‐positive spindle cell proliferations.
Frameshift Sequence Variants in the Human Lipase‐H Gene Causing Hypotrichosis
Authors: Mehmood Sabba , Shah Sayed Hajan , Jan Abid , Younus Muhammad , Ahmad Farooq , Ayub Muhammad , Ahmad Wasim 
Published: December 2015

AbstractHypotrichosis is a condition of abnormal hair pattern characterized by sparse to absent hair on different parts of the body, including the scalp. The condition is often characterized by tightly curled woolly hairs, discoloration of hair, and development of multiple keratin filled cysts or papules on the body. Sequence analysis of the lipase H (LIPH) gene, mapped on chromosome 3q27.3, led to the identification of a novel frameshift deletion variant (c.932delC, p.Pro311Leufs*3) in one family and previously reported 2‐bp deletion (c.659_660delTA) in five other families, inherited hypotrichosis, and woolly hair in an autosomal recessive pattern. The study further extends the body of evidence that sequence variants in the LIPH gene result in hypotrichosis and woolly hair phenotype.
Congenital Ichthyosiform Erythroderma Superimposed with Chronic Dermatophytosis: A Report of Three Siblings
Authors: Vyas Nikki S. , Kannan Swati , N. Jahnke Marla , Hu Rong‐Hua , Choate Keith A. , Shwayder Tor A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCongenital ichthyosiform erythroderma is an autosomal recessive ichthyosis characterized by severe scaling and erythroderma. We report a family of three siblings who were all born with a collodion membrane and presented with diffuse scaling and pruritus. All three children subsequently developed chronic cutaneous dermatophyte infections requiring oral antifungals. One child developed superinfection with methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus requiring antibiotics.
Current status of treatment for pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma in the USA and Japan
Authors: Hosoi Hajime 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis article reviews the current status of treatment for children with rhabdomyosarcoma, according to the four risk groups. Low‐risk subgroup A: the Children's Oncology Group in the USA recently performed a clinical trial consisting of a chemotherapy regimen with a shortened treatment period and a reduced drug dosage. Patients in this group received only four cycles of vincristine and actinomycin D (VA) after four cycles of vincristine, actinomycin D, and cyclophosphamide (VAC) with cyclophosphamide (CPM) 1.2 g/m2 and their outcome was no worse than that obtained with previous regimens. Low‐risk subgroup B: although marked improvement in survival was seen with an intensive VAC regimen with CPM 2.2 g/m2/cycle (Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study [IRS]‐V, 1997–2004), the total dose of CPM in this regimen caused serious and fatal hepatic veno‐occlusive disease during treatment and probably cannot avoid infertility or possible secondary cancer as a late effect. Thereafter, a reduced‐dose regimen consisting of four cycles of VAC with CPM 1.2 g/m2 followed by 12 cycles of VA was investigated in the next study, but the outcome appeared to be worse than in IRS‐V. Intermediate‐risk group: no significant difference was found between VAC/vincristine, topotecan and cyclophispahamide (VTC) and intensive VAC in IRS‐V. The results of a subsequent regimen of VAC with CPM 1.2 g/m2 alternating with vincristine and irinotecan are awaited. High‐risk group: overall survival is approximately 30% and has not improved over the last 25 years. Although 18 month failure‐free survival (FFS) was improved with an intensive combination therapy regimen, 36 month FFS dropped to 32% and thus better novel approaches or additive treatments are needed.
Safety of lipid emulsion in very low‐birthweight infants according to cytokine level
Authors: Ichikawa Junko , Ichikawa Go , Tsuboi Yayoi , Kuribayashi Ryota , Watabe Yoshiyuki , Sairenchi Toshimi , Suzumura Hiroshi , Arisaka Osamu 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to verify whether lipid emulsion treatment aggravates infection and inflammation in very low‐birthweight (VLBW) infants.Study designVery low‐birthweight (<1500 g) infants born at <32 weeks gestational age between October 2013 and October 2014 at Dokkyo Medical University Hospital (Mibu, Tochigi, Japan) were treated with or without i.v. nutrition with a lipid emulsion. Infants were excluded who had congenital abnormalities, could not receive i.v. nutrition because of poor general condition, or on physician decision. Lipid emulsion with purified soybean oil was initiated at 0.5 g/kg/day on postnatal day 1. The dose was increased to 1 g/kg/day, and then to 1.5 g/kg/day (maximum dose). Blood tests were performed before (day 1) and after (day 8) initiation of lipid emulsion treatment. Interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP‐1), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), C‐reactive protein (CRP), total bilirubin (T‐Bil), direct bilirubin (D‐Bil) and insulin were measured. Changes in respiratory condition, amount of oxygen used, and phototherapy duration were investigated.ResultsA total of 17 treated and 15 untreated VLBW infants were enrolled. IL‐6, IL‐8, MCP‐1, TNF‐α, CRP, T‐Bil, D‐Bil and insulin on days 1 and 8; respirator or surfactant use; amount of oxygen used; and phototherapy duration were not significantly different between the two groups.ConclusionsLipid emulsion treatment did not increase inflammatory cytokine levels or aggravate respiratory disorders. Lipid emulsions, if proven safe, could be used to treat VLBW infants soon after birth, which may prevent extrauterine growth restriction and improve intellectual development prognosis.
Optimal management for pediatric chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Tanizawa Akihiko 
Published: December 2015

AbstractChronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is rare among childhood leukemias. Its incidence increases with age, from 0.09/100 000 at ≤15 years old to 7.88/100 000 at ≥75 years old. There are several biological and clinical differences between pediatric and adult CML. Markedly increased leukocyte count and a higher incidence of splenomegaly are characteristic features at diagnosis in pediatric patients. The therapeutic approach to CML has changed since the introduction of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) imatinib, followed by dasatinib and nilotinib. Given the efficacy of TKI in adult CML, TKI are regarded as the established first‐line treatment in adult patients. In 2011, a prospective phase IV study in pediatric patients showed the excellent efficacy and safety of imatinib. Imatinib is also accepted as a first‐line option for childhood chronic phase CML. Although the efficacy of dasatinib and nilotinib reported in adult studies seems very attractive for pediatric patients, neither drug has been prospectively investigated in a large pediatric cohort. TKI are designed to inhibit BCR‐ABL1 kinase, but they have unfavorable effects, so‐called “off‐target” complications, such as growth impairment. Long‐term morbidity due to TKI is unknown. Furthermore, the adverse effects on growing children have not been clearly elucidated, even though the exposure period to imatinib is relatively short. To establish the standard therapeutic management for pediatric CML, it is important to prospectively confirm the attractive outcomes obtained in adult studies via pediatric clinical trials with a careful monitoring system for TKI‐induced adverse effects, especially in growing children.
CHST14/D4ST1 deficiency: New form of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome
Authors: Kosho Tomoki 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCarbohydrate sulfotransferase 14/dermatan 4‐O‐sulfotransferase‐1 (CHST14/D4ST1) deficiency represents a specific form of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (EDS) caused by recessive loss‐of‐function mutations in CHST14. The disorder has been independently termed “adducted thumb–clubfoot syndrome”, “EDS, Kosho type”, and “EDS, musculocontractural type”. To date, 31 affected patients from 21 families have been described. Clinically, CHST14/D4ST1 deficiency is characterized by multiple congenital malformations (craniofacial features including large fontanelle, hypertelorism, short and downslanting palpebral fissures, blue sclerae, short nose with hypoplastic columella, low‐set and rotated ears, high palate, long philtrum, thin upper lip vermilion, small mouth, and micro‐retrognathia; multiple congenital contractures including adduction–flexion contractures and talipes equinovarus as well as other visceral or ophthalmological malformations) and progressive multisystem fragility‐related complications (skin hyperextensibility, bruisability, and fragility with atrophic scars; recurrent dislocations; progressive talipes or spinal deformities; pneumothorax or pneumohemothorax; large subcutaneous hematomas; and diverticular perforation). Etiologically, multisystem fragility is presumably caused by impaired assembly of collagen fibrils resulting from loss of dermatan sulfate (DS) in the decorin glycosaminoglycan side chain that promotes electrostatic binding between collagen fibrils. This is the first reported human disorder that specifically affects biosynthesis of DS. Its clinical characteristics indicate that CHST14/D4ST1 and, more fundamentally, DS, play a critical role in fetal development and maintenance of connective tissues in multiple organs. Considering that patients with CHST14/D4ST1 deficiency develop progressive multisystem fragility‐related manifestations, establishment of a comprehensive and detailed natural history and health‐care guidelines as well as further elucidation of the pathophysiology in view of future etiology‐based therapy are crucial.
Animalism
Authors: Bailey Andrew M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAmong your closest associates is a certain human animal – a living, breathing, organism. You see it when you look in the mirror (go ahead; take a look). When it is sick, you don't feel too well. Where it goes, you go. And, one thinks, where you go, it must follow. Indeed, you can make it move through sheer force of will. You bear, in short, an important and intimate relation to this, your animal. So too rest of us with our animals. Animalism says that this relation is nothing short of identity. According to animalists, we do not only coincide with or constitute or inhabit or otherwise hang out with these close associates, our animals: we are them. In this article, I offer an opinionated take on what animalism might be and situate it against contemporary rivals. Then, I outline a simple case for animalism. Finally, I sketch non‐standard routes for animalists to take in light of standard challenges. My goal in all of this is to open up some new avenues of animalist thinking.
Improved Photodegradation of Organic Contaminants Using Nano‐TiO2 and TiO2–SiO2 Deposited on Portland Cement Concrete Blocks
Authors: Jafari Hoda , Afshar Shahrara 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles (nano‐TiO2) and its hybrid with SiO2 (nano‐TiO2–SiO2) for degradation of some organic dyes on cementitious materials was studied in this work. Nanohybrid photocatalysts were prepared using an inorganic sol–gel precursor and then characterized using XRD, SEM and UV–Vis. The grain sizes were estimated by Scherrer's equation to be around 10 nm. Then, a thin layer was applied to Portland cement concrete (PCC) blocks by dipping them into nano‐TiO2 and nano‐TiO2–SiO2 solution. The efficiency of coated PCC blocks for the photocatalytic decomposition of two dyes, Malachite Green oxalate (MG) and Methylene Blue (MB), was examined under UV and visible irradiation and then monitored by the chemical oxygen demand tests. The results showed that more than 80% and 92% of MG and MB were decomposed under UV–Vis irradiation using blocks coated with nano‐TiO2–SiO2. TiO2/PCC and TiO2–SiO2/PCC blocks showed a significant ability to oxidize dyes under visible and UV lights and TiO2–SiO2/PCC blocks require less time for dye degradation. Based on these results, coated blocks have increased photocatalytic activity which can make them commercially accessible photocatalysts.