bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pottery Community Characteristics Toward A Learning Community In Thai Context
Authors: Namjaidee Suchada , Manmart Lampang , Apichatwallop Yaowalak , Kamnuansilpa Peerasit 
Published: February 2016

This article is an analysis of community characteristics toward learning community in Thai context in three aspects: 1) characteristics of community people, 2) community environment consisting of existing knowledge and natural resources, and 3) learning processes. It is a qualitative research study for which the researcher collected data by participant observations and in-depth interviews. The researcher had been in the community and participated in community activities for ten months. The tools employed in this research comprised of interviews, observations, and field records. Individuals interviewed were official and non-official leaders and community people. It was found, by this research, that the pottery community has evolved and developed toward a learning community over time which can be seen from people in the present community consisting of both natives, entrepreneurs and business owners, and community leaders. Community environments that support or lead to learning were pottery-making knowledge and clay knowledge, including learning resources, such as knowledgeable individuals, natural environment, factories, jar houses, kilns, and community shops scattered all over the community. Besides, the community has its own learning center with local traditional curriculum involving pottery making for new generations to learn and maintain such knowledge and expertise. Regarding learning processes, community people began to learn the craft of making pottery from outsiders and transferred it to their family members, from one generation to another. In the meantime, with outsider visits and purchases of pottery products, further learning exchanges took place, no longer confined to family members, but expanding to include learning with people in the community, academics, experts, and designers who came in contact with the community. During these periods, there were further transfers of knowledge and skills to community people and close assistants called “Luuksit”, or students. Moreover, when the commercialization of pottery products materialized, community people had a chance to learn and interact with outsiders who came in as teachers and training experts, study tours outside the community, suggestions from customers, and exchange of ideas between the community, resulting in transferring knowledge and skills to wider audiences. Moreover, the community people learned from problems arising from the production process and opened up themselves to new knowledge from various media.
Corruption In The Baltic State Region
Authors: Wadsworth Frank , Swartz Brenda , Wheat Jerry 
Published: February 2016

The corruption studied here includes illegal, immoral, or dishonest acts that undermine economic and government activities. This gray area of economic activity is often referred to as the “underground economy,” and the number of individuals and the amounts of money involved can only be ascertained by educated guesses. Corruption is used to mean a state of progressive putrefaction; on a large scale corruption curtails a country’s ability to grow efficiently and effectively. The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) and the World Bank have developed a methodology to study transition economies. Through one-on-one interviews the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS II 2002) gathered information from business owners and managers on a variety of topics in 23 transition economies. This paper uses the BEEPS data to examine the perceptions of corruption in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland.
Market Entry Pattern And Timing In An Industry With Technological Evolution: The Liquid Crystal Display Industry
Authors: Miyamoto Michiko 
Published: February 2016

This paper examines whether the process of entering the market, as well as industry-specialized assets and positioning in the applied technologies should differ between early entrants and late entrants in the LCD industry, where the industry evolves and provides different types of displays and where LCD technologies have become major parts of new applied product generations. The study also investigates whether all firms follow the same strategic decisions upon entering the market when they enter at similar times, whether early or late. According to the findings, early entry into the LCD industry is positively related to experience in the LCD related R&D activities. As accumulated outputs are regarded as a measure implied by the standard form of the learning curve, this is consistent with prior studies on first-movers. Patents most likely protect their technological advantages. Large-capital late entry into the LCD industry is positively related to company size as these firms have excess capital to spend on R&D. The late entrants are established firms in their core industries; possess related assets or excess capacities that enable them to enter into the LCD market. On the other hand, smaller-capital late entrants into the LCD industry have no accumulated R&D activities or production of applied products, which implies that they are free riding off of early entrants’ investment.
The Level Of Corporate Dividend Payout To Stockholders: Does Optimal Dividend Policy Exist For Firms Quoted At The Nairobi Stock Exchange?
Authors: Kibet Bitok , Joel Tenai , Thomas Cheruiyot , Loice Maru , Mary Kipsat 
Published: February 2016

The objective of this study was to determine the level of corporate dividend payout to stockholders and establish if the optimal dividend policy exists for the firms quoted at the Nairobi Stock Exchange (NSE). An analysis was done for the all the 43 firms trading in the main investment market at the Nairobi Stock Exchange. Secondary data was obtained from the Nairobi Stock Exchange library, Internet & company libraries. Companies that were quoted at the stock exchange for a period of thirteen years and paid and/or did not pay dividends during that period were sampled. According to the findings of this study, the aggregate dividend payout ratio for the Kenyan market was obtained to be 44.14% for the period between 1991- 2003. The findings of this research suggest that the average corporate dividend payout to stockholders for 40% of the firms is low and stable and that 28% of the firms quoted paid out high and stable dividends. It was also observed that most of the firms that paid high and stable dividends are the blue chip firms, which are the main movers of trading at the NSE. The dividend model provides a summary of the factors that influenced and continue to influence the dividend decisions for this market including and not limited to the tax systems, clientele preferences, signaling, sustainability, low liquidity, high growth, ownership control and dividends as residual etc. From the model it is possible to predict the likely dividend decisions of the firms in future.
The Gravity Model Of Trade Applied To Africa
Authors: Tansey Michael M. , Touray Alhagie 
Published: February 2016

The gravity model states that trade between any two countries is proportional, other things equal, to the product of the two countries’ GDPs, and diminishes with the distance between the two countries. The logic is that larger economies tend to spend large amounts on imports and attract large share of other countries spending (exports) because they produce large quantity and variety of goods and services. Distance, on the other hand, tends to lessen trade between countries because of transportation costs and other intangible barriers, such as language, geography, and historic colonial relationships. The following specific hypotheses from the gravity model of trade are tested with respect to African countries alone: The amount of exports by one African country to another is inversely related to the distance between the two countries, The amount of exports by one African country to another reflects the GDP of the country to whom the exports are sent, The amount of exports directly reflects a country’s own GDP, and Countries associated with the same colonial power experience greater trade. Each of these hypotheses is tested with logarithmic forms of the variables in the hypotheses. While the resulting logarithmic model works is statistically significant and bears the correct signs, it does not show colonial patterns to be a strong as those found in other studies that are focused on inter-continental trade relationships. The significance of colonization in other studies may be a surrogate for the degree of development of nations. Since trade grows less than proportionately both with respect to the GDP of the importing nation and with respect to the GDP of the exporter, this study shows a disappointing trade impact of growth in the developing world on the potential development of Africa through export growth.
Lessons From Japan
Authors: Cosgrove Michael , Marsh Daniel 
Published: February 2016

We argue that Japan’s experience with fiscal policy over the period 1990-2009 confirms the rational expectations and new classical position that fiscal policy, particularly when it is not accompanied by an accommodating monetary policy, is ineffective. We show that Japan’s combination of a loose fiscal policy, together with a tight monetary policy has given them the worst of all possible worlds over the past twenty years; i.e. slow growth, deflation, rising unemployment, and a huge increase in their national debt burden. We argue that the Obama administration should be careful not to fall into the same trap the Japanese have been floundering in for the past twenty years.
A Study Of The Relationships Between Career Orientation, Achievement Motivation, Job Satisfaction, And Intention To Stay For Auditors: Using Big CPA Firms As An Example
Authors: Chang Ruey-Dang (Ray) , Wunn Kun-Ta , Tseng Yee-Chy 
Published: February 2016

As the high turnover rate has long plagued the accounting firms, the study investigated the relationships between career orientation, achievement motivation, job satisfaction, and intention to stay for auditors in Taiwan accounting firms. Variables were chosen due to their potential concerns to auditors’ intention to stay in the accounting firms. A carefully validated instrument was used to obtain the data. The responses of 122 auditors, with at least one year of audit experience, were drawn from the five biggest accounting firms in Taiwan. LISREL was used to evaluate the empirical data with the hypothesized model and test the results. The results of the empirical test led us to two results: (1) auditors with higher degrees of achievement motivation have higher degrees of job satisfaction, and (2) auditors with higher degrees of job satisfaction have higher degrees of intention to stay.
Women In Information Technology: New Connections In The Internet-Based Enterprise
Authors: Caputo Donald J. , Kohun Frederick J. 
Published: February 2016

This study first examines the factors that have resulted in the perceived inequality of opportunity for women in the Information Technology disciplines at the collegiate and corporate levels. The corporate continuum is analyzed to determine what specific strategies, if any, are employed to capitalize on the resources of women in the Information Technology spectrum. Implied barriers to the acceptance, integration, development and advancement of women are brought into focus. The article transitions to a review of collegiate innovations in the curriculum that attempt to find solutions that integrate and link corporate needs to university programs, both at the undergraduate and doctoral levels. Corporations ranging in size from small entrepreneurial entities to large multi-national firms, with various degrees of dependence on Internet technology, are surveyed in relation to their utilization of the female technology professional. The qualities, strengths, and holistic skills of the gender in relation to the electronic business spectrum are documented.
Tenure, Turnover, And Earnings Profiles In Germany And The United States
Authors: Couch Kenneth A. 
Published: February 2016

Employment tenure, job turnover and returns to general and specific skills are examined for male workers in Germany and the United States using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Employment in Germany is characterized by longer duration and less frequent turnover than in the United States. Returns to experience and tenure are lower in Germany than in the U.S.; however, peak earnings occur later. This delayed peak in the employment-earnings profile provides an incentive for German workers to remain longer with their employers and change jobs less frequently.
The Impact Of Geographic Location, Industry Type, Number Of Employees And Years In Business On The Economic Success Of Minority Women Entrepreneurs
Authors: Smith-Hunter Andrea E. , Engelhardt William , Brookins Gilbert 
Published: February 2016

The topic of entrepreneurship is central in both scholarly and public policy discussions of minority businesses, yet few studies have examined the factors leading to economic success for minority women entrepreneurs. This paper partially addresses the oversight by analyzing Dun and Bradstreet data on businesses owned by Asian, Hispanic, Native American, Indian and Black women, focusing on the relationship between sales volume (the dependent variable) and number of employees, years in business, race and industry type (the independent variables). The results from this paper add a new dimension to this line of research, building on previous studies that document the growing significance of entrepreneurship among minority women. The results show that there is indeed an impact on sales volume by number of employees, years in business, race and industry type.
Real Option As The Tool For Valuation And Strategic Guidance For The Post-Industrial Organizations
Authors: Subedi Deepak Kumar 
Published: February 2016

Post industrial organization puts premium on flexibility, and also on assets that confer flexibility. In the post-industrial business environment, uncertainty need to be understood and managed to reap the potential benefit. Flexibility in organization enables it to take benefit of such uncertainty. Flexibility can be increased by tangible assets; and also by intangible assets like knowledge, group work, routine and experience. “Real options” confer value to flexibility. Besides valuation It also provides decision making guidance for managers involved in identification, acquisition and development of (both tangible and intangible) resources that post industrial organization require to make itself flexible.
Asymmetry In U.S. State Unemployment Rates
Authors: Jirasakuldech Benjamas , Snaith Sean 
Published: February 2016

This paper examines the nature of asymmetry of U.S. state unemployment rates using the time reversibility test developed by Ramsey and Rothman (1996). These authors and others have found asymmetry in aggregate unemployment rates in this study we examine whether or not these results extend to state level unemployment series. Alaska, District of Columbia, Hawaii, Louisiana, Missouri, Montana, and Puerto Rico, exhibit changes in unemployment rates that are symmetric. California, Georgia, Kansas, and North Carolina, show evidence of asymmetry of the change in unemployment rates due to non-linearity in the model. Unemployment rate asymmetry documented in other states is attributable to non-Gaussian errors. Asymmetric patterns documented in most states are consistent with the fast-up and slow-down dynamics observed in aggregate unemployment data.
The Future Of Marketing
Authors: Man Mok Kim , Justine Jainurin 
Published: February 2016

This paper aims to examine the future of marketing as it relates to one of the four categories of generalizations identified by Sheth and Sisodia (1999) in their paper, “Revisiting marketing’s lawlike generalizations.” The category to be discussed in depth will be location-centric concepts. As examples of application, case studies from a developing country, Malaysia will be featured and analysed. The paper is organised in the following structure. Firstly, the essay will provide a background of the development of location-centric marketing concepts, particularly in the area of marketing or distribution channels. Secondly, the essay will provide a background of the major force affecting location-centric marketing concepts, namely the Internet, particularly in the context of electronic commerce. Thirdly, the essay will examine the impact of the Internet on existing location-centric marketing concepts. In this section, the impact of electronic commerce on marketing or distribution channels will be the primary area to be discussed. Fourthly, the essay will present a couple of case studies of such an impact in a developing country, Malaysia. Finally, the essay will conclude with the lessons that can be learnt from the case studies. The conclusion will explore if new constructs with regards to marketing or distribution channels are created or old ones are altered due to the impact of electronic commerce.
The Early Organizational Management Theories: The Human Relations Movement & Business Ethical Practices Pioneered By Visionary Leader Mary Parker Follett
Authors: Kennedy Joseph W. , Heinzman Joseph , Mujtaba Bahaudin G. 
Published: February 2016

In today’s business environment, managers make crucial decisions that affect the longevity of their organizations. We propose that Mary Parker Follett’s theories enhance the perspective of ethical standards and promote an organization’s overall value. The 21st century will require organizations to create overall value for all stakeholders; these constituent groups include employees, partnerships, national consumers, international consumers, domestic markets and global markets. The ethics in creating value for the organization is based on the internal and external perception of value by all stakeholders. The goal of this essay is to provide an understanding of the role of ethics in an organization.
The Economics Of Bidding In Project Management
Authors: Alli A. M. , May David L. 
Published: February 2016

This article develops strategic decision tables to be used by management in bidding based on optimal duration costs. In addition, a process is proposed to find the optimal economic duration of the project using crashing techniques, the simplex method of linear programming, and game theory. Standardized software packages for Decision Support Systems (DSS) are used in facilitating the calculations.
ANALISIS PERMASALAHAN OPTIMALISASI VOICE CDMA 2000 1X UNTUK MENGURANGI KEGAGALAN KONEKSI STUDI KASUS DIVISI TELKOM FLEXI SEMARANG
Authors: Hikmaturokhman Alfin , Wahyudi Eka , Pangestika Septy Widya 
Published: February 2016

<p>Berkembang pesatnya jumlah penyedia layanan pada jaringan <em>Code Division Multiple Access </em>(CDMA), membuat operator penyedia layanan untuk semakin memperkokoh jaringan dan mengoptimalkan layanan serta kualitas yang akan diberikan. Agar dapat melayani pelanggan dengan baik maka dibutuhkan jaringan yang mempunyai kinerja baik. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan optimalisasi pada jaringan, sehingga dapat mengurangi<em> drop call</em> dan <em>resource blocking</em> serta meningkatkan <em>success call</em>. Optimalisasi jaringan dilakukan berdasarkan analisis data hasil pengukuran <em>drive test</em>, adapun data yang dianalisis meliputi <em>Call Setup Success Rate</em>, <em>Drop call Rate</em>, <em>Resource Blocking</em>, <em>Rx Power</em>, <em>Tx Power</em>, Ec/Io, <em>Forward </em>FER dan <em>Call Setup Time</em>. Pada pengukuran yang telah dilakukan untuk nilai rata-rata yang sesuai dengan <em>Key Performance Indicator</em> (KPI) didapat <em>Call Setup Success Rate</em> (&gt; 99%), <em>Drop call Rate</em> (&lt; 2%), <em>Resource Blocking</em> (&lt; 2%), <em>Rx Power</em> (-91.7 dBm), <em>Tx Power</em> (11.4 dBm), Ec/Io (-21.38 dB), <em>Forward </em>FER (4.8%), dan <em>Call Setup Time</em> (4.832 detik). Hasil ini menunjukkan kinerja jaringan Flexi untuk daerah Jepara #2 masih kurang maksimal, karena untuk parameter <em>Rx Power</em>,<em> Tx Power</em>, <em>Forward </em>FER, dan Ec/Io tidak sesuai dengan KPI. Sehingga dilakukan optimalisasi agar kualitas jaringan semakin baik. Untuk hasil pengukuran setelah dilakukan optimalisasi didapat dengan rata-rata untuk <em>Call Setup Success Rate</em> (&gt; 99%), <em>Drop call Rate</em> (&lt; 1%), <em>Resource Blocking</em> (&lt; 1%), <em>Rx Power</em> (-99.9 dBm), <em>Tx Power</em> (-27.8 dBm), Ec/Io (-5.45 dB), <em>Forward </em>FER (2.45%), dan <em>Call Setup Time</em> (4.902 detik).</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Kata Kunci</strong> : CDMA 2000 1X, <em>Call Setup Success Rate</em>, <em>Drop call Rate</em>, <em>Resource Blocking</em>, <em>Rx Power</em>, <em>Tx Power</em></p>
SISTEM KOMPUTERISASI PENGOLAHAN BUKU INDUK PEGAWAI PADA UPT DINAS PENDIDIKAN PEMUDA DAN OLAHRAGA KECAMATAN BANJARMANGU BERBASIS PHP DAN MYSQL
Authors: Usada Elisa , Susanto Irwan , Kurniasih Meliana Fera 
Published: February 2016

<p>Permasalahan yang akan dibahas adalah bagaimana membuat sistem pengolahan buku induk pegawai di UPT Dinas Pendidikan Pemuda dan Olahraga Kecamatan Banjarmangu berbasis PHP dan MySQL. Sistem pengolahan buku induk pegawai berbasis PHP dan MySQL ini dirancang komputerisasi menggunakan PHP dan <em>database </em>MySQL dengan tujuan agar pengolahan data pegawai di UPT Dinas Pendidikan Pemuda dan Olahraga Kecamatan Banjarmangu dapat terpusat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah menggunakan metode <em>waterfall</em>. Sistem pengolahan buku induk pegawai ini menggunakan jaringan <em>client server</em> dan dapat diakses oleh administrator dan Kepala UPT dan Pegawai. Kelebihan dari sistem pengolahan ini adalah dilindungi <em>password</em> dan hak akses yang berbeda untuk setiap <em>user</em> sehingga keamanan data dapat terjamin, sedangkan kekurangannya adalah program yang dihasilkan belum maksimal karena mengkhususkan data pegawai pada buku induk saja. Saran dari sistem pengolahan ini yaitu pengembangan dari segi keamanan data, kelengkapan data, dan ketelitian sistem dalam <em>input</em> data untuk mengurangi kesalahan.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong><em>Kata kunci</em></strong><em> : SIM Buku Induk Pegawai, PHP, MySQ</em><em>L</em></p>