bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spred2-deficiecy Protects Mice from Polymicrobial Septic Peritonitis by Enhancing Inflammation and Bacterial Clearance
Authors: Itakura Junya , Sato Miwa , Ito Toshihiro , Mino Megumi , Fushimi Soichiro , Takahashi Sakuma , Yoshimura Teizo , Matsukawa Akihiro 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSepsis is an infection-induced systemic inflammatory syndrome and a major cause of death for critically ill patients. Here, we examined whether the absence of Sprouty-related EVH1-domain-containing protein 2 (Spred2), a negative regulator of the Ras/Raf/ERK/MAPK pathway, influences host defense against polymicrobial sepsis (PMS) induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Compared to wild-type mice, Spred2−/−mice exhibited higher survival rates with increased level of leukocyte infiltration and local chemokine production and reduced plasma and peritoneal bacterial loads after CLP. The MEK inhibitor U0126 significantly reduced LPS-induced chemokine production by Spred2−/−resident macrophagesin vitro, and decreased CLP-induced leukocyte infiltrationin vivo. Spred2−/−resident macrophages, but not neutrophils or elicited macrophages, exhibited increased phagocytic activity. Interestingly, surface expression of complement receptor 1/2 (CR1/2) was increased in Spred2−/−resident macrophages in response to lipopolysaccharide in a manner dependent on the ERK/MAPK pathway, and blocking CR1/2in vivoresulted in reduced leukocyte infiltration and increased bacterial loads after CLP. Taken together, our results indicate that Spred2-deficiency protects mice from PMS via increased activation of the ERK/MAPK pathway and subsequent increase in innate immune responses. Thus, inhibiting Spred2 may present a novel means to prevent the development of PMS.
Equiaxial Strain Modulates Adipose-derived Stem Cell Differentiation within 3D Biphasic Scaffolds towards Annulus Fibrosus
Authors: Elsaadany Mostafa , Winters Kayla , Adams Sarah , Stasuk Alexander , Ayan Halim , Yildirim-Ayan Eda 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRecurrence of intervertebral disc (IVD) herniation is the most important factor leading to chronic low back pain and subsequent disability after discectomy. Efficacious annulus fibrosus (AF) repair strategy that delivers cells and biologics to IVD injury site is needed to limit the progression of disc degeneration and promote disc self-regeneration capacities after discectomy procedures. In this study, a biphasic mechanically-conditioned scaffold encapsulated with human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) is studied as a potential treatment strategy for AF defects. Equiaxial strains and frequencies were applied to ASCs-encapsulated scaffolds to identify the optimal loading modality to induce AF differentiation. Equiaxial loading resulted in 2–4 folds increase in secretion of extracellular matrix proteins and the reorganization of the matrix fibers and elongations of the cells along the load direction. Further, the equiaxial load induced region-specific differentiation of ASCs within the inner and outer regions of the biphasic scaffolds. Gene expression of AF markers was upregulated with 5–30 folds within the equiaxially loaded biphasic scaffolds compared to unstrained samples. The results suggest that there is a specific value of equiaxial strain favorable to differentiate ASCs towards AF lineage and that ASCs-embedded biphasic scaffold can potentially be utilized to repair the AF defects.
microRNA profiling in lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage of cigarette smoke-exposed mice and in COPD patients: a translational approach
Authors: Conickx Griet , Avila Cobos Francisco , van den Berge Maarten , Faiz Alen , Timens Wim , Hiemstra Pieter S. , Joos Guy F. , Brusselle Guy G. , Mestdagh Pieter , Bracke Ken R. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by a progressive airflow limitation and is associated with a chronic inflammatory response in both airways and lungs. microRNAs (miRNAs) are often highly conserved between species and have an intricate role within homeostatic conditions and immune responses. Also, miRNAs are dysregulated in smoking-associated diseases. We investigated the miRNA profile of 523 miRNAs by stem-loop RT-qPCR in lung tissue and cell-free bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) supernatant of mice exposed to air or cigarette smoke (CS) for 4 or 24 weeks. After 24 weeks of CS exposure, 31 miRNAs were differentially expressed in lung tissue and 78 in BAL supernatant. Next, we correlated the miRNA profiling data to inflammation in BAL and lung, obtained by flow cytometry or ELISA. In addition, we surveyed for overlap with newly assessed miRNA profiles in bronchial biopsies and with previously assessed miRNA profiles in lung tissue and induced sputum supernatant of smokers with COPD. Several miRNAs showed concordant differential expression between both species including miR-31*, miR-155, miR-218 and let-7c. Thus, investigating miRNA profiling data in different compartments and both species provided accumulating insights in miRNAs that may be relevant in CS-induced inflammation and the pathogenesis of COPD.
The loss of P2X7 receptor expression leads to increase intestinal glucose transit and hepatic steatosis
Authors: Arguin Guillaume , Bourzac Jean-François , Placet Morgane , Molle Caroline M. , Paquette Michel , Beaudoin Jean-François , Rousseau Jacques A. , Lecomte Roger , Plourde Mélanie , Gendron Fernand-Pierre 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn intestinal epithelial cells (IEC), it was reported that the activation of the P2X7 receptor leads to the internalization of the glucose transporter GLUT2, which is accompanied by a reduction of IEC capacity to transport glucose. In this study, we used P2rx7−/− mice to decipher P2X7 functions in intestinal glucose transport and to evaluate the impacts on metabolism. Immunohistochemistry analyses revealed the presence of GLUT2 at the apical domain of P2rx7−/− jejunum enterocytes. Positron emission tomography and biodistribution studies demonstrated that glucose was more efficiently delivered to the circulation of knockout animals. These findings correlated with increase blood glucose, insulin, triglycerides and cholesterol levels. In fact, P2rx7−/− mice had increased serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels and displayed glucose intolerance and resistance to insulin. Finally, P2rx7−/− mice developed a hepatic steatosis characterized by a reduction of Acaca, Acacb, Fasn and Acox1 mRNA expression, as well as for ACC and FAS protein expression. Our study suggests that P2X7 could play a central role in metabolic diseases.
Interfacial contact stiffness of fractal rough surfaces
Authors: Zhang Dayi , Xia Ying , Scarpa Fabrizio , Hong Jie , Ma Yanhong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn this work we describe a theoretical model that predicts the interfacial contact stiffness of fractal rough surfaces by considering the effects of elastic and plastic deformations of the fractal asperities. We also develop an original test rig that simulates dovetail joints for turbo machinery blades, which can fine tune the normal contact load existing between the contacting surfaces of the blade root. The interfacial contact stiffness is obtained through an inverse identification method in which finite element simulations are fitted to the experimental results. Excellent agreement is observed between the contact stiffness predicted by the theoretical model and by the analogous experimental results. We demonstrate that the contact stiffness is a power law function of the normal contact load with an exponent α within the whole range of fractal dimension D(1 < D < 2). We also show that for 1 < D < 1.5 the Pohrt-Popov behavior (α = 1/(3 − D)) is valid, however for 1.5 < D < 2, the exponent α is different and equal to 2(D − 1)/D. The diversity between the model developed in the work and the Pohrt-Popov one is explained in detail.
Mechanistic Evaluation and Translational Signature of Gemcitabine-induced Chemoresistance by Quantitative Phosphoproteomics Analysis with iTRAQ Labeling Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Duan Qingke , Zhao Hengqiang , Zhang Zhengle , Li Hehe , Wu Heshui , Shen Qiang , Wang Chunyou , Yin Tao 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOne of the main causations of the poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer is the lack of effective chemotherapies. Gemcitabine is a widely used chemotherapeutic drug, but limited therapeutic efficacy is achieved due to chemoresistance. Recent studies demonstrated that the presence of cancer stem cells may lead to the failure of chemotherapy. Moreover, gemcitabine can promote the stemness of pancreatic cancer cells. We detected the alterations in protein phosphorylation and signaling pathways in pancreatic cancer cells after gemcitabine treatment using iTRAQ labeling LC-MS/MS, because it was featured with the advantages of strong separation ability and analysis range. A total of 232 differentially expressed phosphorylated proteins were identified in this study. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that nuclear lumen, nuclear part and organelle lumen were enriched for cell components and protein binding, poly (A) RNA binding and RNA binding were enriched for molecular function. A variety of signaling pathways were enriched based on KEGG analysis. AMPK, mTOR and PI3K/Akt pathways were verified after gemcitabine exposure. Moreover, we found there were complex interactions of phosphorylated proteins in modulating cancer stemness induced by gemcitabine exposure based on PPIs map. Our experiments may identify potential targets and strategies for sensitizing pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine.
Gene losses and partial deletion of small single-copy regions of the chloroplast genomes of two hemiparasitic Taxillus species
Authors: Li Ying , Zhou Jian-guo , Chen Xin-lian , Cui Ying-xian , Xu Zhi-chao , Li Yong-hua , Song Jing-yuan , Duan Bao-zhong , Yao Hui 
Published: October 2017

AbstractNumerous variations are known to occur in the chloroplast genomes of parasitic plants. We determined the complete chloroplast genome sequences of two hemiparasitic species, Taxillus chinensis and T. sutchuenensis, using Illumina and PacBio sequencing technologies. These species are the first members of the family Loranthaceae to be sequenced. The complete chloroplast genomes of T. chinensis and T. sutchuenensis comprise circular 121,363 and 122,562 bp-long molecules with quadripartite structures, respectively. Compared with the chloroplast genomes of Nicotiana tabacum and Osyris alba, all ndh genes as well as three ribosomal protein genes, seven tRNA genes, four ycf genes, and the infA gene of these two species have been lost. The results of the maximum likelihood and neighbor-joining phylogenetic trees strongly support the theory that Loranthaceae and Viscaceae are monophyletic clades. This research reveals the effect of a parasitic lifestyle on the chloroplast structure and genome content of T. chinensis and T. sutchuenensis, and enhances our understanding of the discrepancies in terms of assembly results between Illumina and PacBio.
NK cells are negatively regulated by sCD83 in experimental autoimmune uveitis
Authors: Lin Wei , Man Xuejing , Li Peng , Song Nannan , Yue Yingying , Li Bingqing , Li Yuanbin , Sun Yufei , Fu Qiang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells represent a subset of lymphocytes that contribute to innate immunity and have been reported to play a role in autoimmune uveitis. However, the mechanisms regulating NK cellular function in this condition remain unclear. Herein, we investigated the status of NK cells in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). We found that the number of CD83+CD3−NK1.1+cells was increased in the inflamed eyes and spleens of the EAU mouse model. At the recovery stage of EAU, serum concentrations of soluble CD83 (sCD83) were increased. sCD83 treatment relieved retinal tissue damage and decreased the number of infiltrating NK cells in inflamed eyes. Further analysis of the effects of sCD83 treatment in EAU revealed that it reduced: 1) the expressions of CD11b and CD83 in NK cells, 2) the percent of CD11bhighCD27lowCD3−NK1.1+cells and 3) the secretion of granzyme B, perforin and IFN-γ in NK cells as demonstrated bothin vivoandin vitro. When sCD83 treated-NK cells were transferred into EAU mice, retinal tissue damage was relieved. These results demonstrate sCD83 down-regulate NK cellular function and thus provide important, new information regarding the means for the beneficial effects of this agent in the treatment of autoimmune uveitis.
Large piezoelectric strain with ultra-low strain hysteresis in highly c-axis oriented Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 films with columnar growth on amorphous glass substrates
Authors: Nguyen Minh D. , Houwman Evert P. , Rijnders Guus 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThin films of PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 (PZT) with largely detached columnar grains, deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on amorphous glass substrates covered with Ca2Nb3O10 nanosheets as growth template and using LaNiO3 electrode layers, are shown to exhibit very high unipolar piezoelectric strain and ultra-low strain hysteresis. The observed increase of the piezoelectric coefficient with increasing film thickness is attributed to the reduction of clamping, because of the increasingly less dense columnar microstructure (more separation between the grains) with across the film thickness. A very large piezoelectric coefficient (490 pm/V) and a high piezoelectric strain (~0.9%) are obtained in 4-µm-thick film under an applied electric field of 200 kV/cm, which is several times larger than in usual PZT ceramics. Further very low strain hysteresis (H≈2–4%) is observed in 4 to 5 µm thick films. These belong to the best values demonstrated so far in piezoelectric films. Fatigue testing shows that the piezoelectric properties are stable up to 1010 cycles. The growth of high quality PZT films with very large strain and piezoelectric coefficients, very low hysteresis and with long-term stability on a technologically important substrate as glass is of great significance for the development of practical piezo driven microelectromechanical actuator systems.
The ultrastructure of spinal cord perivascular spaces: Implications for the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Lam Magdalena A. , Hemley Sarah J. , Najafi Elmira , Vella Nicole G. F. , Bilston Lynne E. , Stoodley Marcus A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPerivascular spaces play a pivotal role in the exchange between cerebrospinal and interstitial fluids, and in the clearance of waste in the CNS, yet their precise anatomical components are not well described. The aim of this study was to characterise the ultrastructure of perivascular spaces and their role in the transport of fluid, in the spinal cord of healthy rats, using transmission electron microscopy. The distribution of cerebrospinal fluid tracers injected into the subarachnoid space was studied using light, confocal and electron microscopy. Perivascular spaces were found around arterioles and venules, but not capillaries, throughout the spinal cord white and grey matter. They contained fibroblasts and collagen fibres, and were continuous with the extracellular spaces of the surrounding tissue. At 5 min post injection, tracers were seen in the subarachnoid space, the peripheral white matter, the perivascular spaces, basement membranes, extracellular spaces of the surrounding tissue, and surprisingly, in the lumen of blood vessels, suggesting trans-vascular clearance. These findings point out an unrecognised outflow pathway for CNS fluids, with potential implications for volume regulation in health and disease states, but also clinically for the detection of CNS-derived biomarkers in plasma, the immune response and drug pharmacokinetics.
Lagrangian dynamics model and practical implementation of an integrated transformer in multi‐phase LLC resonant converter
Authors: Noah Mostafa , Umetani Kazuhiro , Imaoka Jun , Yamamoto Masayoshi 
Published: October 2017

In conventional arrangements of three‐phase LLC converters, there are at least three magnetic components that occupy a considerable volume and mass of the power converter. Although, the three‐phase LLC topology has many advantages over the single‐phase one, circuit designers tend to select the single‐phase topology because it has the minimal number of magnetic components. The purpose of this study is to reduce the number of the magnetic components of the three‐phase topology, by integrating the three‐discrete transformers into a single magnetic core, based on a theoretical framework. Lagrangian dynamics is applied to theoretically prove that it is possible to replace the three‐discrete transformers by a single integrated transformer. The Lagrangian dynamics theory allowed us to derive a physically motivated model for the integrated transformer, in which each component of the integrated transformer has its own Lagrangian parameter. The Lagrangian model reveals that in a symmetrical design, there is no interphase coupling, and as a result the magnetic components can be downsized owing to the ac flux cancellation. Along with the theoretical discussion, the practical merits of implementing the integrated transformer is reported. Furthermore, the experimental tests are conducted utilizing a 500 W–390 V/12 V–200 kHz prototype.
Studies Towards the Synthesis of (+)- and (–)-Anisomycin and Their Analogues
Authors: Shaw Arun , Ajay Sama 
Published: October 2017

Anisomycin shows potent biological activity and it has attracted much attention since its isolation in 1954, with around 13 total syntheses and 20 formal syntheses, and also two reports concerning analogues of anisomycin, reported to date. The present review highlights all of these synthetic approaches (around 35) to the total or formal synthesis of anisomycin along with its isomers and analogues.1	Introduction2	Isolation and Therapeutic Importance3	Total Synthesis of (+)-, (–)-, and (±)-Anisomycins and Their Analogues4	Formal Synthesis of (+)- and (–)-Anisomycins and Their Analogues5	Conclusion
Computer-Aided Insight into the Relative Stability of Enamines
Authors: Vilarrasa Jaume , Castro-Alvarez Alejandro , Carneros Héctor , Costa Anna M 
Published: October 2017

Venerable aldol, Michael, and Mannich reactions have undergone a renaissance in the past fifteen years, as a consequence of the development of direct organocatalytic versions, mediated by chiral amines. Chiral enamines are key intermediates in these reactions. This review focuses on the formation of enamines from secondary amines and their relative thermodynamic stability, as well as on the reverse reactions (hydrolysis). Experimental results and predictions based on MO calculations are reviewed to show which enamine forms may predominate in the reaction medium and to compare several secondary amines as organocatalysts.1	Introduction2	Relative Stability of Enamines as Determined Experimentally3	Pyrrolidine Enamines4	Enamines of the Jørgensen–Hayashi Catalyst5	Proline Enamines6	Free Enthalpies and Polar Solvent Effects7	Comparison of Organocatalysts8	Summary and Outlook9	Appendix
Internal Fixation of Osteochondritis Dissecans Lesions in the Patellofemoral Joint
Authors: Farr Jack , Nuelle Clayton 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOsteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesions of the patellofemoral joint can be difficult to identify and treat. Asymptomatic or stable lesions in skeletally immature patients may be treated nonoperatively, but symptomatic lesions often require surgical intervention. Evidence of instability should be carefully evaluated with preoperative magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography arthrogram. Careful preoperative planning is necessary to ensure the appropriate surgical approach and implants are selected for surgical management. Multiple techniques have been described, but internal fixation of both “classic” and cartilage-only OCD lesions has been shown to have strong outcomes in managing these difficult cases.
Früh übt sich …
Authors: Dauer Bettina 
Published: October 2017

Zusammenfassung
Identitätsbildung Kranke Kinder sind oft nicht in der Lage, ihre
Bedürfnisse oder Befindlichkeiten mitzuteilen. Um Situationen richtig
einschätzen zu können, ist einiges an Erfahrung aufseiten der Pflegenden
vonnöten. Der Weg vom Anfänger zum Experten verläuft dabei in mehreren Stufen
und führt auch dazu, dass Pflegende ihre ganz eigene, berufsspezifische
Identität ausbilden.
Comparison of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration by capillary action, suction, and no suction methods: a randomized blinded study
Authors: Bansal Rinkesh , Choudhary Narendra , Puri Rajesh , Patle Saurabh , Bhagat Suraj , Nasa Mukesh , Bhasin Amit , Sarin Haimanti , Guleria Mridula , Sud Randhir 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Background and study aim Different types of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) techniques are used in clinical practice; the best method in terms of outcome has not been determined. The aim of the study was to compare the diagnostic adequacy of aspirated material, and the cytopathological and EUS morphological features between capillary action, suction, and no-suction FNA methods.
Patients and methods This was a prospective, single-blinded, randomized study conducted at a tertiary care hospital. Patients were randomized to the three groups: capillary action, suction, and no suction. A total of 300 patients were included, with 100 patients in each arm.
Results A total of 300 patients (195 males) underwent EUS-FNA of 235 lymph nodes and 65 pancreatic masses (distribution not statistically different between the groups). The mean age was 52 ± 14 years. A 22 gauge needle was used in the majority (93 %) of procedures. There was no statistical difference between the three groups regarding lymph node size at the largest axis and ratio, type of needle, echo features, echogenicity, calcification, necrosis, shape, borders (lymph nodes), number of passes, and cellularity. Diagnostic adequacy of the specimen was 91 %, 91 %, and 94 % in the capillary, suction, and no suction groups, respectively (P = 0.67). Significantly more slides and blood clots were generated by the suction method compared with the other methods.
Conclusion The capillary action, suction, and no suction methods of EUS-FNA are similar in terms of diagnostic adequacy of the specimen. The suction method has the disadvantages of causing more bleeding and generating more slides.