bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resveratrol in the foodomics era: 1:25,000
Authors: Khakimov Bekzod , Engelsen Søren Balling 
Published: September 2017

AbstractResveratrol is probably the most investigated plant secondary metabolite ever. An epidemiological study known as the French paradox showed a correlation between red wine intake and low mortality due to coronary heart diseases, and the red wine substance resveratrol was claimed to play a key role. Since then, several hundred resveratrol studies have been conducted to demonstrate its antioxidant and other beneficial properties. In the foodomics era, considering a complex foodome including over 25,000 substances that make up the human diet, it appears to be outdated to pursue the hunt for biological activities one function/compound at a time. First, nature is multivariate, and the effect of any one molecule will have to be modulated by its carrying matrix, its bioavailability, and synergies with other molecules. Second, a large number of targeted studies have the tendency to become biased, as they tend to retain only the data that the researchers think are relevant and thus increase the chances of spurious correlations. In this concise review, we retrace the research toward a more inductive, holistic, and multivariate path.
Insulin regulation of gluconeogenesis
Authors: Hatting Maximilian , Tavares Clint D.J. , Sharabi Kfir , Rines Amy K. , Puigserver Pere 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe coordinated regulation between cellular glucose uptake and endogenous glucose production is indispensable for the maintenance of constant blood glucose concentrations. The liver contributes significantly to this process by altering the levels of hepatic glucose release, through controlling the processes of de novo glucose production (gluconeogenesis) and glycogen breakdown (glycogenolysis). Various nutritional and hormonal stimuli signal to alter hepatic gluconeogenic flux, and suppression of this metabolic pathway during the postprandial state can, to a significant extent, be attributed to insulin. Here, we review some of the molecular mechanisms through which insulin modulates hepatic gluconeogenesis, thus controlling glucose production by the liver to ultimately maintain normoglycemia. Various signaling pathways governed by insulin converge at the level of transcriptional regulation of the key hepatic gluconeogenic genes PCK1 and G6PC, highlighting this as one of the focal mechanisms through which gluconeogenesis is modulated. In individuals with compromised insulin signaling, such as insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes, insulin fails to suppress hepatic gluconeogenesis, even in the fed state; hence, an insight into these insulin‐moderated pathways is critical for therapeutic purposes.
Is a Melting Arctic Making the Arctic Council Too Cool? Exploring the Limits to the Effectiveness of a Boundary Organization
Authors: Spence Jennifer 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe Arctic Council offers an interesting and unexplored case study of boundary work between policy makers, scientific communities, and Indigenous organizations in the circumpolar region. Its notable success can be attributed to the production of high‐quality policy products, including the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment and the Arctic Human Development Report—both of which meet the criteria of boundary objects. However, this article goes beyond applying the concept of the boundary organization to inform our understanding of the Arctic Council. Rather, I use the Council as a case study to explore the dynamic environment in which these types of institutions exist. I argue that, as a result of a number of factors, the Arctic Council is being pushed to be more action oriented. Furthermore, I consider the implications of this pressure for the institutional design of the Council and where the Council looks to affirm its credibility, saliency, and legitimacy. I conclude that the Arctic Council's effectiveness as a boundary organization is being compromised by pressures for it to be more action oriented.
Immigrants‘ use of health care in their country of origin: the role of social integration, discrimination and the parallel use of health care systems
Authors: Kemppainen Laura , Kemppainen Teemu , Skogberg Natalia , Kuusio Hannamaria , Koponen Päivikki 
Published: September 2017

AimsThe objective of this study was to elucidate the utilisation of Russian health care by immigrants of Russian origin living in Finland (cross‐border health care). The study examined the association of cross‐border health care with social integration and discrimination. Moreover, it studied whether cross‐border health care was used as an alternative to the host‐country's healthcare system.MethodsData from the Finnish Migrant Health and Wellbeing Survey (Maamu) were utilised. The number of respondents of Russian origin was 545. The main analytical method was logistic regression. The outcome variable was based on a survey item on seeking physician's treatment or help abroad during the last 12 months. Social integration was measured multi‐dimensionally, and the indicator was extracted by multiple correspondence analysis. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Ethical Committee of the Uusimaa Hospital Region.ResultsWe found that 15.4% of the respondents had visited a physician in Russia during the last 12 months. 10.4% had experienced discrimination in Finnish health services during their stay in Finland. Stronger social integration predicted less frequent utilisation of cross‐border health care. Experiences of discrimination or unfairness were associated with higher odds for seeking cross‐border health care. Cross‐border health care was typically used in parallel to the Finnish services.ConclusionsOur findings on integration and discrimination emphasise the importance of general integration policy as well as cultural competence in health care. Parallel use of healthcare systems entails both risks (e.g double medication, problems of follow‐up) and opportunities (e.g. sense of agency), which should be further investigated.
Integrated species delimitation and conservation implications of an endangered weevil Pachyrhynchus sonani (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Green and Orchid Islands of Taiwan
Authors: CHEN YEN‐TING , TSENG HUI‐YUN , JENG MING‐LUEN , SU YONG‐CHAO , HUANG WEN‐SAN , LIN CHUNG‐PING 
Published: September 2017

AbstractOceanic islands are productive habitats for generating new species and high endemism, which is primarily due to their geographical isolation, smaller population sizes and local adaptation. However, the short divergence times and subtle morphological or ecological divergence of insular organisms may obscure species identity, so the cryptic endemism on islands may be underestimated. The endangered weevil Pachyrhynchus sonani Kôno (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae: Pachyrhynchini) is endemic to Green Island and Orchid Island of the Taiwan‐Luzon Archipelago and displays widespread variation in coloration and host range, thus raising questions regarding its species boundaries and degree of cryptic diversity. We tested the species boundaries of P. sonani using an integrated approach that combined morphological (body size and shape, genital shape, coloration and cuticular scale), genetic (four genes and restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing, RAD‐seq) and ecological (host range and distribution) diversity. The results indicated that all the morphological datasets for male P. sonani, except for the colour spectrum, reveal overlapping but statistically significant differences between islands. In contrast, the morphology of the female P. sonani showed minimum divergence between island populations. The populations of P. sonani on the two islands were significantly different in their host ranges, and the genetic clustering and phylogenies of P. sonani established two valid evolutionary species. Integrated species delimitation combining morphological, molecular and ecological characters supported two distinct species of P. sonani from Green Island and Orchid Island. The Green Island population was described as P. jitanasaius sp.n. Chen & Lin, and it is recommended that its threatened conservation status be recognized. Our findings suggest that the inter‐island speciation of endemic organisms inhabiting both islands may be more common than previously thought, and they highlight the possibility that the cryptic diversity of small oceanic islands may still be largely underestimated.
Rational–Irrational Investor Sentiments and Emerging Stock Market Returns: A Comparison from Turkey
Authors: Bayram Sidika Gulfem 
Published: September 2017

This study investigates the dynamic relationship between rational and irrational consumer-business sentiments and stock returns in an emerging stock market, Turkey. Consumer and business sentiments are divided into two components: rational and irrational sentiments. Then, the dynamic interactions and the impact of the sentiments on stock returns are examined. The fundamental economic variables used in the study consist of business conditions, economic risk premium, country risk, exchange rate risk, country growth rate, inflation rate, and terms of trade. The results show that Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE)-100 index returns are positively and significantly affected by the rational sentiments of both consumers and businesses. JEL Classification: G02, G12, G150
Second-Look Arthroscopic Evaluation and Clinical Outcome After Supramalleolar Osteotomy for Medial Compartment Ankle Osteoarthritis
Authors: Jung Hong-Geun , Lee Dong-Oh , Lee Sang-Hun , Eom Joon-Sang 
Published: September 2017

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiologic outcomes of medial compartment ankle osteoarthritis after supramalleolar osteotomy (SMO) without the bone marrow stimulation procedure and confirm cartilage recovery by second-look arthroscopy. Methods: Twenty-two ankles that were followed for more than 1 year after SMO were retrospectively reviewed. Visual analog scale pain scores and American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot scores were used for functional evaluations. The tibial anterior surface angle and tibial lateral surface angle were measured on radiographs, and ankle osteoarthritis was classified by Takakura stage. Among the 22 patients, 21 underwent ankle arthroscopy prior to SMO, and second-look arthroscopy was performed in 16 patients 1 year postoperatively. Tibiotalar cartilage regeneration was evaluated according to the modified Outerbridge classification for the 14 patients who had undergone SMO without the bone marrow stimulation procedure. Results: The mean visual analog scale and American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society scores significantly improved from 6.5 preoperatively to 1.1 postoperatively and from 60.7 preoperatively to 87.1 postoperatively, respectively ( P < .05). The mean tibial anterior surface and tibial lateral surface angles significantly improved from 83.5° and 76.9° preoperatively to 93.8° and 80.2° postoperatively, respectively ( P < .05). All preoperative Takakura stage IIIa cases and IIIb case improved to postoperative stage II. On second-look arthroscopy, cartilage regeneration of the medial compartment of the tibiotalar joint was observed in 12 of 14 patients (85%), whereas cartilage deterioration was not observed in any patient. Conclusions: SMO without the bone marrow stimulation procedure for medial ankle osteoarthritis demonstrated cartilage regeneration in the medial tibiotalar joint in most patients by second-look arthroscopy, as well as satisfactory clinical and radiologic outcomes. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.
Rate of Change of Premeal Glucose Measured by Continuous Glucose Monitoring Predicts Postmeal Glycemic Excursions in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes: Implications for Therapy
Authors: Majithia Amit R. , Wiltschko Alexander B. , Zheng Hui , Walford Geoffrey A. , Nathan David M. 
Published: September 2017

Background: Patients with type 1 diabetes routinely utilize a single premeal fingerstick glucose to determine premeal insulin doses. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) provides much richer glycemic trend information, including glycemic slope (GS). How to incorporate this information into dosing decisions remains an open question. Methods: We examined the relationship between premeal GS and postmeal glycemic excursions in 240 individuals with type 1 diabetes receiving CGM augmented insulin pump therapy. Over 23.5 million CGM values were synchronized with 264 500 meals. CGM values were integrated 2 hours premeal to compute GS and 2 hours postmeal to compute glycemic excursion outcomes. Postmeal hyperglycemia (integrated CGM glucose >180 mg/dL*hr) and postmeal hypoglycemic events (any CGM glucose < 70 mg/dL) were tabulated according to positive/negative premeal GS and according to GS bins commonly displayed as rate-of-change arrows on CGM devices. Results: Positive versus negative premeal GS was associated with a 2.28-fold (95% CI 2.25-2.32) risk of postmeal hyperglycemia. Negative versus positive premeal GS was associated with a 2.36-fold (95% CI 2.25-2.43) increase in one or more postprandial hypoglycemic events. Premeal GS in the bin currently displayed as “no change” on existing CGM devices (–1 to 1 mg/dL/min), conferred a 1.82-fold (95% CI 1.79-1.86) risk of postprandial hyperglycemia when positive and a 2.06-fold (95% CI 1.99-2.15) increased risk of postprandial hypoglycemia when negative. Conclusion: Premeal GS predicts postmeal glycemic excursions and may help inform insulin dosing decisions. Rate-of-change arrows on existing devices obscure clinically actionable glycemic trend information from CGM users.
Non-medical prescribing in New Zealand: an overview of prescribing rights, service delivery models and training
Authors: Raghunandan Rakhee , Tordoff June , Smith Alesha 
Published: September 2017

Aim: In this paper, we aim to provide an updated source of information for nonmedical prescribing (NMP) in New Zealand (NZ). Methods: A variety of NZ sources were used to collect data: legislation, policy documents and information from professional and regulatory organizations, and education providers. Results: In NZ, the legal categories for prescribers include authorized, designated, and delegated prescribers. Authorized prescribers include dentists, midwives, nurse practitioners, and optometrist prescribers. Designated prescribers include pharmacist prescribers, registered nurse prescribers, and dietitian prescribers. There are no delegated prescribers in NZ at this time. There is variation in the regulation, educational programmes and prescribing competencies used by the different prescribing health professionals involved in NMP in NZ. Conclusion: This update collates relevant information relating to NMP in NZ into one consolidated document and provides policy makers with a current overview of prescribing rights, service delivery models, training requirements, and prescribing competencies used for NMP in NZ. As NMP in NZ continues to expand and evolve, this paper will form a baseline for future NMP research in NZ. NZ needs to develop overarching NMP policy to enable consistency in the various aspects of NMP, thereby delivering a safe and sustainable NMP service in NZ.
What Really Causes for Exclusion? An Analysis with Special Reference to Scheduled Castes
Authors: Annapuranam K. , Inbanathan Anand 
Published: September 2017

Poverty excludes people from various social functions and deprives the quality of life of people who live in poverty. The scheduled castes (SCs) are the majority who come under poverty and are most deprived of availing the services and opportunities which enhance their capability and standard of living. But the magnitude of deprivation varies across different subcategories. This is just because of being at the bottom of the caste hierarchy. It is a major constraint and still limits their mobility in various aspects of life. This condition not only excludes them from the mainstream society but also contributes to the further increase of social inequality. Thus, even as social mobility can be seen through the affirmative action, the majority still face different forms of exclusion which keep them out of these benefits. This article attempts to explore the process of exclusion related to various aspects of social life of the SC population and also illustrates the mechanisms that are obstacles on the path of inclusive development. Furthermore, it expresses concern over education, employment, political rights, civil rights, social justice and social participation and regard them as being of immense importance to the well-being of SCs.
Permanent draft genome sequence of Frankia sp. NRRL B-16219 reveals the presence of canonical nod genes, which are highly homologous to those detected in Candidatus Frankia Dg1 genome
Authors: Ktari Amir , Nouioui Imen , Furnholm Teal , Swanson Erik , Ghodhbane-Gtari Faten , Tisa Louis S. , Gtari Maher 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFrankia sp. NRRL B-16219 was directly isolated from a soil sample obtained from the rhizosphere of Ceanothus jepsonii growing in the USA. Its host plant range includes members of Elaeagnaceae species. Phylogenetically, strain NRRL B-16219 is closely related to “Frankia discariae” with a 16S rRNA gene similarity of 99.78%. Because of the lack of genetic tools for Frankia, our understanding of the bacterial signals involved during the plant infection process and the development of actinorhizal root nodules is very limited. Since the first three Frankia genomes were sequenced, additional genome sequences covering more diverse strains have helped provide insight into the depth of the pangenome and attempts to identify bacterial signaling molecules like the rhizobial canonical nod genes. The genome sequence of Frankia sp. strain NRRL B-16219 was generated and assembled into 289 contigs containing 8,032,739 bp with 71.7% GC content. Annotation of the genome identified 6211 protein-coding genes, 561 pseudogenes, 1758 hypothetical proteins and 53 RNA genes including 4 rRNA genes. The NRRL B-16219 draft genome contained genes homologous to the rhizobial common nodulation genes clustered in two areas. The first cluster contains nodACIJH genes whereas the second has nodAB and nodH genes in the upstream region. Phylogenetic analysis shows that Frankia nod genes are more deeply rooted than their sister groups from rhizobia. PCR-sequencing suggested the widespread occurrence of highly homologous nodA and nodB genes in microsymbionts of field collected Ceanothus americanus.
A Sustained Activation of Pancreatic NMDARs Is a Novel Factor of β-Cell Apoptosis and Dysfunction
Authors: Huang Xiao-Ting , Yue Shao-Jie , Li Chen , Huang Yan-Hong , Cheng Qing-Mei , Li Xiao-Hong , Hao Cai-Xia , Wang Ling-Zhi , Xu Jian-Ping , Ji Ming , Chen Chen , Feng Dan-Dan , Luo Zi-Qiang 
Published: September 2017

AbstractType 2 diabetes, which features β-cell failure, is caused by the decrease of β-cell mass and insulin secretory function. Current treatments fail to halt the decrease of functional β-cell mass. Strategies to prevent β-cell apoptosis and dysfunction are highly desirable. Recently, our group and others have reported that blockade of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) in the islets has been proposed to prevent the progress of type 2 diabetes through improving β-cell function. It suggests that a sustained activation of the NMDARs may exhibit deleterious effect on β-cells. However, the exact functional impact and mechanism of the sustained NMDAR stimulation on islet β-cells remains unclear. Here, we identify a sustained activation of pancreatic NMDARs as a novel factor of apoptotic β-cell death and function. The sustained treatment with NMDA results in an increase of intracellular [Ca2+] and reactive oxygen species, subsequently induces mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization and a decrease of oxidative phosphorylation expression, and then impairs the mitochondrial function of β-cells. NMDA specifically induces the mitochondrial-dependent pathway of apoptosis in β-cells through upregulation of the proapoptotic Bim and Bax, and downregulation of antiapoptotic Bcl-2. Furthermore, a sustained stimulation of NMDARs impairs β-cell insulin secretion through decrease of pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 (Pdx-1) and adenosine triphosphate synthesis. The activation of nuclear factor–κB partly contributes to the reduction of Pdx-1 expression induced by overstimulation of NMDARs. In conclusion, we show that the sustained stimulation of NMDARs is a novel mediator of apoptotic signaling and β-cell dysfunction, providing a mechanistic insight into the pathological role of NMDARs activation in diabetes.
Meeting report – Cellular dynamics: membrane–cytoskeleton interface
Authors: Bembenek Joshua N. , Meshik Xenia , Tsarouhas Vasilios 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
The first ever ‘Cellular Dynamics’ meeting on the membrane–cytoskeleton interface took place in Southbridge, MA on May 21-24, 2017 and was co-organized by Michael Way, Elizabeth Chen, Margaret Gardel and Jennifer Lippincott-Schwarz. Investigators from around the world studying a broad range of related topics shared their insights into the function and regulation of the cytoskeleton and membrane compartments. This provided great opportunities to learn about key questions in various cellular processes, from the basic organization and operation of the cell to higher-order interactions in adhesion, migration, metastasis, division and immune cell interactions in different model organisms. This unique and diverse mix of research interests created a stimulating and educational meeting that will hopefully continue to be a successful meeting for years to come.
Clinical outcomes of multileaf collimator-based CyberKnife for spine stereotactic body radiation therapy
Authors: Kim Nalee , Lee Ho , Kim Jin Sung , Baek Jong Geal , Lee Chang Geol , Chang Sei Kyung , Koom Woong Sub 
Published: September 2017

Objective:
Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for spinal metastases is becoming a prevalent therapeutic option. We aimed to evaluate the clinical feasibility and outcomes of the recently developed multileaf collimator (MLC)-based CyberKnife (CK-M) for spine SBRT.

Methods:
We reviewed 119 patients of 144 cases with 229 lesions treated with CK between November 2014 and March 2016. The lesion features, dosimetric parameters and clinical outcomes were compared between fixed cone collimator based CK (CK-F) and CK-M.

Results:
Of 144 cases, 78 and 66 were treated with CK-F and CK-M, respectively. CK-M achieved an adequate target volume coverage that was comparable with CK-F (median 92 vs 90%; p = 0.03) even in larger targets (median 64.2 vs 46.7 cm3; p = 0.01), respectively. CK-M showed an improvement in the gradient index (p &lt; 0.001) and no difference in conformity (p = 0.16). With CK-M, the median beam delivery time was significantly reduced by 30% (to 34 vs 48 min; p &lt; 0.001). CK-M showed 1 year local control rates that were comparable to CK-F (77 vs 78%, respectively; p = 0.83).

Conclusion:
CK-M exhibits dosimetric data and local control that are comparable with CK-F, but with significant treatment time reduction. CK-M could be widely used in spine SBRT.

Advances in knowledge:
Given the recently developed MLC in CK, we aimed to evaluate the clinical feasibility and outcomes of MLC compared with fixed cone-based CK. MLC showed equivalent plan quality and significant treatment time reduction with comparable radiological control. We report here MLC as an effective and tolerable treatment option in CK.