bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early gut mycobiota and mother-offspring transfer
Authors: Schei Kasper , Avershina Ekaterina , Øien Torbjørn , Rudi Knut , Follestad Turid , Salamati Saideh , Ødegård Rønnaug Astri 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Background
The fungi in the gastrointestinal tract, the gut mycobiota, are now recognised as a significant part of the gut microbiota, and they may be important to human health. In contrast to the adult gut mycobiota, the establishment of the early gut mycobiota has never been described, and there is little knowledge about the fungal transfer from mother to offspring.

Methods
In a prospective cohort, we followed 298 pairs of healthy mothers and offspring from 36 weeks of gestation until 2 years of age (1516 samples) and explored the gut mycobiota in maternal and offspring samples. Half of the pregnant mothers were randomised into drinking probiotic milk during and after pregnancy. The probiotic bacteria included Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bb-12 and Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5. We quantified the fungal abundance of all the samples using qPCR of the fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS)1 segment, and we sequenced the 18S rRNA gene ITS1 region of 90 high-quantity samples using the MiSeq platform (Illumina).

Results
The gut mycobiota was detected in most of the mothers and the majority of the offspring. The offspring showed increased odds of having detectable faecal fungal DNA if the mother had detectable fungal DNA as well (OR = 1.54, p = 0.04). The fungal alpha diversity in the offspring gut increased from its lowest at 10 days after birth, which was the earliest sampling point. The fungal diversity and fungal species showed a succession towards the maternal mycobiota as the child aged, with Debaryomyces hansenii being the most abundant species during breast-feeding and Saccharomyces cerevisiae as the most abundant after weaning. Probiotic consumption increased the gut mycobiota abundance in pregnant mothers (p = 0.01).

Conclusion
This study provides the first insight into the early fungal establishment and the succession of fungal species in the gut mycobiota. The results support the idea that the fungal host phenotype is transferred from mother to offspring.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00159523
Complete Genome sequence of the nematicidal Bacillus thuringiensis MYBT18246
Authors: Hollensteiner Jacqueline , Poehlein Anja , Spröer Cathrin , Bunk Boyke , Sheppard Anna E. , Rosentstiel Philip , Schulenburg Hinrich , Liesegang Heiko 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis
is a rod-shaped facultative anaerobic spore forming bacterium of the genus
Bacillus
. The defining feature of the species is the ability to produce parasporal crystal inclusion bodies, consisting of δ-endotoxins, encoded by cry-genes. Here we present the complete annotated genome sequence of the nematicidal
B. thuringiensis
strain MYBT18246. The genome comprises one 5,867,749 bp chromosome and 11 plasmids which vary in size from 6330 bp to 150,790 bp. The chromosome contains 6092 protein-coding and 150 RNA genes, including 36 rRNA genes. The plasmids encode 997 proteins and 4 t-RNA’s. Analysis of the genome revealed a large number of mobile elements involved in genome plasticity including 11 plasmids and 16 chromosomal prophages. Three different nematicidal toxin genes were identified and classified according to the Cry toxin naming committee as cry13Aa2, cry13Ba1, and cry13Ab1. Strikingly, these genes are located on the chromosome in close proximity to three separate prophages. Moreover, four putative toxin genes of different toxin classes were identified on the plasmids p120510 (Vip-like toxin), p120416 (Cry-like toxin) and p109822 (two Bin-like toxins). A comparative genome analysis of
B. thuringiensis
MYBT18246 with three closely related
B. thuringiensis
strains enabled determination of the pan-genome of
B. thuringiensis
MYBT18246, revealing a large number of singletons, mostly represented by phage genes, morons and cryptic genes.
Framing bias: The effect of figure presentation on seismic interpretation
Authors: Alcalde Juan , Bond Clare E. , Randle Charles H. 
Published: August 2017

Interpreters of reflection seismic data generally use images to disseminate the outcomes of their geologic interpretation work. The presentation of such interpretation images can generate unwanted biases in the perception of the observers, an effect known as “framing bias.” These framing biases can enhance or reduce the confidence of the observer in the presented interpretation, independently of the quality of the seismic data or the geologic interpretation. We have tested the effect of presentation on confidence in interpretation of 761 participants of an online experiment. Experiment participants were presented with seismic images and interpretations, deliberately modified in different aspects to introduce potential framing biases. Statistical analysis of the results indicates that the image presentation had a subdued effect on participants’ confidence compared with the quality of the seismic data and interpretation. The results allow us to propose recommendations to minimize biases in the observers related to the presentation of seismic interpretations: (1) interpretations should be shown with the seismic data in the background to ease comparison between the uninterpreted-interpreted data and the subsequent confidence assessments; (2) seismic data displayed in color aids in the interpretation, although the color palettes must be carefully chosen to prevent unwanted bias from common color spectrum in the observers; and (3) explicit indication of uncertainty by the interpreters in their own interpretation, which was deemed useful by the participants.
Everything Is Wiped Away: Queer Temporality in Queers in Love at the End of the World
Authors: Lo Claudia 
Published: August 2017

Amid the ongoing popularity of hundred-hour, epic-length stories or never-ending, procedurally generated games, where is the place for short games with defined endings? Anna Anthropy's Queers in Love at the End of the World (2013) rejects the importance of having a lengthy game and flips the usual flow of information between the player and their player-character. In this text-based Twine game, players assume the role of an unnamed, unknown “you” as you spend a final moment with your lover. Made for the prompt “Ten Seconds,” its most notable feature is an omnipresent ten-second timer. When the ten seconds are over, the game ends regardless of how far the player has progressed.
The tension between player, character, and the ever-present countdown in the game constitutes the queer mechanic at the heart of the game. It also provides a way of evincing queerness in a game without relying upon on-screen representation. Engaging analyses of queer temporality and slow cinema, as well as José Esteban Muñoz's call toward queer futurity and the yearning to be lost, Queers in Love at the End of the World provides an excellent opportunity to look at the anxiety of seeking success and the joy of accepting loss in contrast to the search for a fairy-tale ending.
Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan Dengan Keterbatasan Manusia Dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan Dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an
Authors: Mussafi Noor Saif Muhammad 
Published: August 2017

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function 𝑄𝑥with constraints𝜇 𝑇 𝑥 ≥ 𝑅and𝐴𝑥 = 𝑏. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis.
Aplikasi Aljabar Geometris Pada Teori Elektrodinamika Klasik
Authors: Purwanto Joko 
Published: August 2017

In this paper geometric algebra and its aplication in the theory of classical electrodynamic will be studied. Geometric algebra provide many simplification and new insight in the theoretical formulation and physical aplication of theory. In this work has been studied aplication of geometric algebra in classical electrodynamics especially Maxwell’s equations. Maxwell’s equations was formulated in one compact equation ÑF=J. The various equation parts are easily identified by their grades.
Peningkatan Peran Aktif Mahasiswa Pada Kalkulus Integral Menggunakan Metode Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Student Teams-Achievement Division
Authors: Sumargiyani Sumargiyani 
Published: August 2017

Problems in teaching integral calculus that requires attention in the motivation of learning alongside students is the active role of the student. The active role of the student during the teaching and learning process will affect on the results of his studies. As for the purpose of this research is to improve the students ' active role by using cooperative learning method type STAD. The subject of research as many as 20 students PGMIPA education courses Math UAD who take Courses Integral Calculus semester three academic year 2012/2013. The cycle is done as much as 3 times the cycle. Data collection is done using sheets of observation, interviewing, documentation, diagnostic tests and field notes. Furthermore the data analyzed by qualitative descriptive. Based on the results of data analysis revealed that the use of cooperative learning methods type STAD can enhance the active role of students in cycle I of 48.53% in category enough, cycle II increased by 59.21% in the category of pretty and cycle III increased by 71.76% in both categories.
Metode Akra-Bazzi Sebagai Generalisasi Metode Master Dalam Menyelesaikan Relasi Rekurensi
Authors: Abrori Muchammad 
Published: August 2017

Rekurensi relation is an equation that relates the elements of a sequence. One of the benefits of the rekurensi relation can be used to calculate the running time/finish of an algorithm. Some algorithms use approach devide-and-conquer in resolving a problem. Rekurensi relations with the approach of the devide and conquer can be solved by several methods. This research aims to know the Akra-Bazzi Method as an extension Method of the Master. This research began with the dissected the concept pertaining to the Relation Rekurensi, methods for resolving Relationship Rekurensi, and lastly about methods of AkraBazzi. Note that Akra-Bazzi Method can solve a rekurensi devide-and-conquer with shorter calculation.
Teorema Titik Tetap Pada Ruang Quasi Metrik Terasing Tanpa Menggunakan Sifat Kekontinuan Fungsi
Authors: Malahayati Malahayati , Utami Mutia 
Published: August 2017

Dislocated quasi metric spaces is spaces with distance function that only satisfies two conditions from four conditions of distance function in metric spaces. Every metric spaces is dislocated quasi metric spaces, but the convers not satifies, so the characters that satisfies in metric spaces may not satisfies in dislocated quasi metric spaces. This paper is to recite fixed point theorems without continuity of any mapping in dislocated quasi metric spaces, also gives an example using the theorems that has recited
Pengembangan Model Matematika SIRD (Susceptibles-Infected-Recovery-Deaths) Pada Penyebaran Virus Ebola
Authors: Purwati Endah , Sugiyanto Sugiyanto 
Published: August 2017

Ebola is a deadly disease caused by a virus and is spread through direct contact with blood or body fluids such as urine, feces, breast milk, saliva and semen. In this case, direct contact means that the blood or body fluids of patients were directly touching the nose, eyes, mouth, or a wound someone open.
In this paper examined two mathematical models SIRD (Susceptibles-Infected-Recovery-Deaths) the spread of the Ebola virus in the human population. Both the mathematical model SIRD on the spread of the Ebola virus is a model by Abdon A. and Emile F. D. G. and research development model. This study was conducted to determine the point of disease-free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium point and stability analysis of the dots, knowing the value of the basic reproduction number (R0) and a simulation model using Matlab software version 6.1.0.450.
From the analysis of the two models, obtained the same point for disease-free equilibrium point with the stability of different points and different points for endemic equilibrium point with the stability of both the same point and the same value to the value of the basic reproduction number (R0). After simulating the model using Matlab software version 6.1.0.450, it can be seen changes in the behavior of the population at any time.
Protokol Otentikasi Berdasarkan Masalah Konjugasi Pada Grup Unit Atas Ring Endomorfisma END(Z_p×Z_(p^2 ) )
Authors: Riyanto Muhamad Zaki 
Published: August 2017

Diberikan suatu bilangan prima p, maka adalah ring non-komutatif dengan elemen satuan dan memuat sebanyak elemen. Climent et.al. (2011) telah menunjukkan bahwa ring isomorfis dengan ring , serta memberikan penerapan dari ring tersebut dalam kriptografi, yaitu berupa protokol pertukaran kunci berdasarkan masalah dekomposisi. Pada makalah ini, protokol pertukaran kunci tersebut dikembangkan menjadi suatu protokol otentikasi. Fungsi dari protokol otentikasi adalah sebagai sarana untuk membuktikan kebenaran identitas pihak pengirim (user) kepada pihak penerima (server). Dalam makalah ini diperkenalkan suatu protokol otentikasi yang didasarkan pada masalah konjugasi pada grup unit . Penggunaan grup unit unit didasarkan pada fakta bahwa grup ini memuat sebanyak elemen. Apabila semakin besar bilangan prima p yang digunakan, maka diharapkan masalah konjugasi pada grup menjadi lebih sulit untuk dipecahkan.
Exploring language attitudes in ELF research: Contrasting approaches in conversation
Authors: Ishikawa Tomokazu , Panero Sonia Morán 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWith reference to two recent doctoral research projects on ELF, the present article examines the characterisation of language attitudes as either stable or variable evaluative phenomena, and provides a detailed account of methodological practices that may be favoured from each ontological position. The durability of language attitudes is more specifically conceptualised as a stable (but not enduring) construct directed to a linguistic phenomenon in one thesis, and as variable and emergent forms of evaluative social practice around a language-related issue in the other. With these two different approaches in conversation, the authors consider the extent to which stability and variability of language attitudes may be two sides of the same coin, and question whether it is safe to assume a priori the inferability of stable language attitudes from the observation of evaluative practice. This article evidences the need for ELF researchers working in this area to contemplate what and how it is being researched in the name of language attitudes while having awareness of possible alternatives in any given study.
A rhetorical analysis of humor styles and techniques used in persian stand-up comedy
Authors: Heidari-Shahreza Mohammad Ali 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTo the best of my knowledge, this is the first (rhetorical) investigation of Persian stand-up comedy. In the present research, a rhetorical approach is taken to examine humor styles and techniques used in seven stand-up performances. These performances were performed by two Iranian comedians, the finalists from a recent (and probably the first) Persian stand-up comedy contest in Iran. Initially, Asian stand-up comedy is briefly addressed. Then, Persian stand-up comedy is introduced within the continuum of Iranian performing traditions. Afterward, the typology, unit of analysis and the communication framework employed in this research are elaborated on. Having established the historical and theoretical preliminaries, the paper reports on and discusses the findings. Particularly, the rhetorical devices used by the comedians to create humor are highlighted. Moreover, several aspects of the interaction between the comedians and the audience are touched upon. Finally, the paper points out several directions of Persian stand-up comedy, the study’s limitations and suggestions for further research.
The Importance of Haemogram Parameters in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Septic Patients
Authors: Orfanu Alina Elena , Popescu Cristina , Leuștean Anca , Negru Anca Ruxandra , Tilişcan Cătălin , Aramă Victoria , Aramă Ștefan Sorin 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Sepsis represents a severe pathology that requires both rapid and precise positive and differential diagnosis to identify patients who need immediate antimicrobial therapy. Monitoring septic patients′ outcome leads to prolonged hospitalisation and antibacterial therapy, often accompanied by substantial side effects, complications and a high mortality risk. Septic patients present with complex pathophysiological and immunological disorders and with a predominance of pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory mediators which are heterogeneous with respect to the infectious focus, the aetiology of sepsis or patients′ immune status or comorbidities. Previous studies performed have analysed inflammatory biomarkers, but a test or combinations of tests that can quickly and precisely establish a diagnosis or prognosis of septic patients has yet to be discovered. Recent research has focused on re-analysing older accessible parameters found in the complete blood count to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for the diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis. The neutrophil/lymphocyte count ratio (NLCR), mean platelet volume (MPV) and red blood cells distribution width (RDW) are haemogram indicators which have been evaluated and which are of proven use in septic patients′ management.
Lung Abscess Remains a Life-Threatening Condition in Pediatrics – A Case Report
Authors: Chirteș Ioana Raluca , Mărginean Cristina Oana , Gozar Horea , Georgescu Anca Meda , Meliț Lorena Elena 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Pulmonary abscess or lung abscess is a lung infection which destroys the lung parenchyma leading to cavitations and central necrosis in localised areas formed by thick-walled purulent material. It can be primary or secondary. Lung abscesses can occur at any age, but it seems that paediatric pulmonary abscess morbidity is lower than in adults. We present the case of a one year and 5-month-old male child admitted to our clinic for fever, loss of appetite and an overall altered general status. Laboratory tests revealed elevated inflammatory biomarkers, leukocytosis with neutrophilia, anaemia, thrombocytosis, low serum iron concentration and increased lactate dehydrogenase level. Despite wide-spectrum antibiotic therapy, the patient’s progress remained poor after seven days of treatment and a CT scan established the diagnosis of a large lung abscess. Despite changing the antibiotic therapy, surgical intervention was eventually needed. There was a slow but steady improvment and eventually, the patient was discharged after approximately five weeks.
Twenty Challenges in Incident Planning
Authors: Karagiannis Georgios Marios , Synolakis Costas 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDisasters create overwhelming demands to affected communities and pose unique problems that complicate efforts of orchestrating the response. It is in such environments of uncertainty, operational friction, time-constraints and the need for interagency coordination that disaster and crisis managers are required to develop incident plans to address multiple demands. Based on observations from 50 disaster exercises, we have identified twenty critical points in incident planning, that is, those incident planning activities which are most challenging for emergency managers, are poorly implemented or otherwise constitute an area for improvement. The most challenging components of the incident planning process were information gathering from the field, running estimates of the situation, response-generated demands, resource capabilities and mobilization time, course of action development and analysis, and decision-making under uncertainty. In addition, this study identified three good practices in incident planning. First, the process is iterative and planners revisit several steps in a back-and-forth fashion. Second, both rational and intuitive decision-making processes are likely to be used during the course of any one incident, based on the time available for planning. Third, better plans are produced when flexibility is built into courses of action to address expected developments of situation or when decision-making is decentralized.
A Data-Centric Approach for Model-Based Systems Engineering
Authors: Zhan Guoxiong , Ge Bingfeng , Li Minghao , Yang Kewei 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
A data-centric approach is proposed to facilitate the design and analysis of challenging complex systems and address the problems of currently existing model-based systems engineering (MBSE) methodologies. More specifically, based on three core steps of current MBSE methodologies, a high-level data meta-model, depicting the semantic relationships of high-level data concepts, is first presented to guide the data modeling for systems engineering (SE). Next, with respect to the six high-level data concepts, the data elements are collected as the modeling primitives to construct static and/or executable models, which can also act as a common and consistent data dictionary for SE. Then, the mapping associations amongst core data elements are established to associate the model elements in different steps and achieve the requirement traceability matrix. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed approach is demonstrated with an illustrative example.
Validation of the Tranquillity Rating Prediction Tool (TRAPT): comparative studies in UK and Hong Kong
Authors: Watts Greg , Marafa Lawal 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe Tranquillity Rating Prediction Tool (TRAPT) has been used to make predictions of the quality of tranquility in outdoor urban areas using two significant factors i.e. the average level of anthropogenic noise and the percentage of natural features in view. The method has a number of applications including producing tranquillity contours that can inform decisions regarding the impact of new anthropogenic noise sources or developments causing visual intrusion. The method was intended for use in mainly outdoor areas and yet was developed using responses from UK volunteers to video clips indoors. Because the volunteers for this study were all UK residents it was important to calibrate responses for other ethnic groups who may respond differently depending on cultural background. To address these issues further studies were performed in Hong Kong using the same video recording played back under the same conditions as the study in the UK. The HK study involved recruiting three groups i.e. residents from Hong Kong, Mainland China and a diverse group from 16 different nations. There was good agreement between all these groups with average tranquillity ratings for the different locations differing by less than one scale point in most cases.