bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive single cell transcriptional profiling of a multicellular organism by combinatorial indexing
Authors: Cao Junyue , Packer Jonathan S. , Ramani Vijay , Cusanovich Darren A. , Huynh Chau , Daza Riza , Qiu Xiaojie , Lee Choli , Furlan Scott N. , Steemers Frank J. , Adey Andrew , Waterston Robert H. , Trapnell Cole , Shendure Jay 
Published: February 2017

AbstractConventional methods for profiling the molecular content of biological samples fail to resolve heterogeneity that is present at the level of single cells. In the past few years, single cell RNA sequencing has emerged as a powerful strategy for overcoming this challenge. However, its adoption has been limited by a paucity of methods that are at once simple to implement and cost effective to scale massively. Here, we describe a combinatorial indexing strategy to profile the transcriptomes of large numbers of single cells or single nuclei without requiring the physical isolation of each cell (Single cellCombinatorialIndexing RNA-seq or sci-RNA-seq). We show that sci-RNA-seq can be used to efficiently profile the transcriptomes of tens-of-thousands of single cells per experiment, and demonstrate that we can stratify cell types from these data. Key advantages of sci-RNA-seq over contemporary alternatives such as droplet-based single cell RNA-seq include sublinear cost scaling, a reliance on widely available reagents and equipment, the ability to concurrently process many samples within a single workflow, compatibility with methanol fixation of cells, cell capture based on DNA content rather than cell size, and the flexibility to profile either cells or nuclei. As a demonstration of sci-RNA-seq, we profile the transcriptomes of 42,035 single cells fromC. elegansat the L2 stage, effectively 50-fold “shotgun cellular coverage” of the somatic cell composition of this organism at this stage. We identify 27 distinct cell types, including rare cell types such as the two distal tip cells of the developing gonad, estimate consensus expression profiles and define cell-type specific and selective genes. Given thatC. elegansis the only organism with a fully mapped cellular lineage, these data represent a rich resource for future methods aimed at defining cell types and states. They will advance our understanding of developmental biology, and constitute a major step towards a comprehensive, single-cell molecular atlas of a whole animal.
Examining perspectives and dimensions of clean development mechanism
Authors: Aggarwal Pravesh , Aggarwal Rupesh 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to critically evaluate the working of the clean development mechanism (CDM) particularly in developing and least developed countries in the light of recent developments.

Design/methodology/approach
Part I of the paper delves upon various international rules governing the CDM. Part II of the paper draws out the rationale behind the introduction of the CDM under the Kyoto Protocol so as to provide a basis for its critical assessment in actual practice, as dealt with in Part III. Finally, the paper makes a concluding remark and suggests a way forward.

Findings
It is submitted that the CDM suffers from a gamut of concerns, which need to be adequately addressed. The business-centric approach followed by the investors of CDM projects has been a major reason behind denial of social, economic and environmental benefits pertinent for attaining sustainable development in the developing countries. The urge to derive economic benefits resulting from their investment has made the developing countries more competitive but turn a blind eye to reduced standards maintained for sustainable development. Besides, long-term benefits arising out of such projects, along with greater public participation of local stakeholders in CDM activities, have usually taken a backseat. A need is there to involve the CDM in the agricultural sector, which would have long-term benefits. Besides, it is required to enhance local stakeholder consultation, which ensures that people affected by a CDM project can give a timely, meaningful input to a proposed project. In the 80th meeting of the CDM Executive Board, held in Bonn, it was further decided that the complaints of the local stakeholders shall be given effect through subsequent changes in the project design of the CDM pipeline, along with their consultation before the real start of the project. Greater participation will also be ensured through increased publically available data on CDM projects.

Originality/value
The paper is original and brings out some valuable suggestions to improve the working of the CDM.
Influence of consumers’ brand expectations on apparel brands’ US-based sourcing strategy
Authors: Bhaduri Gargi 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
This study aims to understand how consumers evaluate Made in USA messages that are congruent/incongruent to consumers’ prior expectations about the brand’s US-based sourcing initiatives.

Design/methodology/approach
Two separate studies were conducted. Online experiment was designed implementing both message and treatment variance to increase internal and external validity of the study. Data collected from two distinct samples were analyzed using MANOVA and ANOVA.

Findings
Findings from Study 1 indicated that consumers’ perceived message credibility, attitude toward message and attitude toward brand were highest for congruent messages, followed by when incongruity was resolved and lowest when incongruity was not resolved. Further, consumers’ brand attitudes before and after message exposure were different, with change being most positive for incongruity resolution, followed by congruity, whereas negative for incongruity non-resolution. Findings from Study 2 indicated that consumers’ general attitude toward brands’ US-based sourcing strategies influenced their brand attitude, as well as moderated the relation between schema congruity/incongruity resolution/incongruity non-resolution and brand attitude.

Originality/value
The findings are helpful for brand managers and sourcing personnel to better invest their resources in US-based sourcing strategies. In addition, the findings of the study contribute and extend theory by identifying a boundary condition.
In Defense of Artificial Replacement
Authors: Shiller Derek 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIf it is within our power to provide a significantly better world for future generations at a comparatively small cost to ourselves, we have a strong moral reason to do so. One way of providing a significantly better world may involve replacing our species with something better. It is plausible that in the not‐too‐distant future, we will be able to create artificially intelligent creatures with whatever physical and psychological traits we choose. Granted this assumption, it is argued that we should engineer our extinction so that our planet's resources can be devoted to making artificial creatures with better lives.
Management of rectal cancer: the 2016 French guidelines
Authors: Lakkis Z. , Manceau G. , Bridoux V. , Brouquet A. , Kirzin S. , Maggiori L. , de Chaisemartin C. , Lefevre J. H. , Panis Y. ,   on behalf of the French Research Group of Rectal Cancer Surgery (GRECCAR) and the French National Society of Coloproctology (SNFCP)
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimRectal cancer is a malignant disease requiring multidisciplinary management. In view of the increasing number of studies published over the past decade, a comprehensive update is required to draw recommendations for clinical practice mandated by the French Research Group of Rectal Cancer Surgery and the French National Coloproctology Society.MethodSeven questions summarizing the treatment of rectal cancer were selected. A search for evidence in the literature from January 2004 to December 2015 was performed. A drafting committee and a large group of expert reviewers contributed to validate the statements.ResultsRecommendations include the indications for neoadjuvant therapy, the quality criteria for surgical resection, the management of postoperative disordered function, the role of local excision in early rectal cancer, the place of conservative strategies after neoadjuvant treatment, the management of synchronous liver metastases and the indications for adjuvant therapy. A level of evidence was assigned to each statement.ConclusionThe current clinical practice guidelines are useful for the treatment of rectal cancer. Some statements require a higher level of evidence due to a lack of studies.
Impact of early clinical exposure on the learning experience of undergraduate dental students
Authors: Ali K. , Zahra D. , McColl E. , Salih V. , Tredwin C. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimsThe aim of this research was to evaluate the impact of early clinical exposure on the learning experiences of undergraduate dental students.MethodsThis study was based on mixed methods. The first phase involved administering a purposely designed questionnaire consisting of 16 items, grouped into three subscales. The second phase of the research was conducted using qualitative semi‐structured interviews to explore the perceptions and experiences of stakeholders regarding early clinical exposure.ResultsIn total, 134 undergraduate dental students and eight clinical supervisors responded to the questionnaire and reported positive perceptions regarding the learning experiences, professional relationship and learning environment. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 12 participants, and early clinical exposure was perceived to be useful in providing a context to theoretical learning and development of interpersonal skills. Curriculum overload and further need for consolidation were highlighted as the main challenges.ConclusionsThis study provided insights into the clinical training model in an undergraduate dental programme and highlights the benefits and challenges of early clinical exposure in the study population. The study served as a vehicle for engagement with a range of stakeholders using a mixed methods approach to inform further development of the training model.
Baicalin positively regulates osteoclast function by activating MAPK/Mitf signalling
Authors: Lu Li , Rao Li , Jia Huanhuan , Chen Jun , Lu Xingyan , Yang Guozhu , Li Qingnan , Lee Kenneth Ka Ho , Yang Li 
Published: February 2017

AbstractActivation of osteoblasts in bone formation and osteoclasts in bone resorption is important during the bone fracture healing process. There has been a long interest in identifying and developing a natural therapy for bone fracture healing. In this study, we investigated the regulation of osteoclast differentiation by baicalin, which is a natural molecule extracted from Eucommiaulmoides (small tree native to China). It was determined that baicalin enhanced osteoclast maturation and bone resorption activity in a dose‐dependent manner. Moreover, this involves the activation of MAPK, increased Mitf nuclear translocation and up‐regulation of downstream osteoclast‐related target genes expression. The baicalin‐induced effect on osteoclast differentiation can be mimicked by specific inhibitors of p‐ERK (U0126) and the Mitf‐specific siRNA, respectively. Protein–ligand docking prediction identified that baicalin might bind to RANK, which is the upstream receptor of p‐ERK/Mitf signalling in osteoclasts. This indicated that RANK might be the binding target of baicalin. In sum, our findings revealed baicalin increased osteoclast maturation and function via p‐ERK/Mitf signalling. In addition, the results suggest that baicalin can potentially be used as a natural product for the treatment of bone fracture.
Inaccurate diagnosis of paediatric anaphylaxis in three Australian Emergency Departments
Authors: Thomson Hector , Seith Robert , Craig Simon 
Published: February 2017

AimTo determine the accuracy of emergency department (ED) paediatric anaphylaxis diagnosis, and to identify factors associated with misdiagnosis.MethodsRetrospective chart review of children aged 0–18 years with allergic presentations to three Victorian EDs in 2014. Cases were included if an ED diagnosis of anaphylaxis was recorded, or the presentation met international consensus criteria for anaphylaxis.ResultsOf the 60 143 paediatric ED presentations during the study period, 1551 allergy‐related presentations were identified and reviewed. One hundred and eighty‐seven met consensus criteria for anaphylaxis, and another 24 were diagnosed with anaphylaxis without meeting criteria. Of the 211 presentations, 105 cases were given an ED diagnosis of anaphylaxis and 106 cases were given an alternative diagnosis in ED. ED assessment had a sensitivity of 43.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) 36.1–50.7%) and specificity of 97.9% (95% CI 96.9–98.7%) for anaphylaxis. Multiple logistic regression demonstrated that an ED anaphylaxis diagnosis was associated with previous anaphylaxis (odds ratio (OR) 3.20; 95% CI 1.52–6.75), arrival by ambulance (OR 2.80; 95% CI 1.36–5.74), a high‐acuity triage category (OR 4.51; 95% CI 2.20–9.25) and presentation to a tertiary hospital (OR 2.86; 95% CI 1.44–5.67). ED diagnosis of anaphylaxis was less likely in those with resolution of symptoms and signs in at least one organ system prior to arrival (OR 0.27; 95% CI 0.12–0.62).ConclusionIn children with allergic presentations, ED assessment has a low sensitivity but high specificity for anaphylaxis. Attention to resolved pre‐hospital symptoms and awareness of diagnostic criteria are important considerations for accurate ED diagnosis of anaphylaxis.
In-vitro evaluation of enteric coated insulin tablets containing absorption enhancer and enzyme inhibitor
Authors: Wong Chun Y , Martinez Jorge , Carnagarin Revathy , Dass Crispin R 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to develop an enteric coated insulin tablet formulation using polymers, absorption enhancer and enzyme inhibitor, which protect the tablets in acidic pH and enhance systemic bioavailability.

Methods
In this study, the influence of coating by cellulose acetate hydrogen phthalate solution and chosen excipients on Glut-4 transporter translocation in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells was examined. Following the determination of optimum number of coating layers, two dissolution buffers such as 0.01 m hydrochloric acid, pH 2, and 50 mm phosphate, pH 7.4, were employed to determine the in-vitro release of insulin.

Key findings
Insulin was protected by the coating during the dissolution process. Five (5-CL) coating layers and eight (8-CL) coating layers had minimal insulin release in hydrochloric acid, but not three (3-CL) coating layers. Glut-4 translocation in C2C12 cells was promoted by the chosen excipients. No detrimental metabolic effects were observed in these cells.

Conclusion
To date, limited studies combine the overall effectiveness of multiple excipients. Our study showed that the coated tablets have an immediate release effect in phosphate buffer. In Glut-4 translocation assay, insulin was still functional after releasing from the tablet. Such tablet formulation can be potentially beneficial to type 1 diabetes patients.
Group supervision for healthcare professionals within primary care for patients with psychosomatic health problems: a pilot intervention study
Authors: Bullington Jennifer , Cronqvist Agneta 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundIn primary health care, efficacious treatment strategies are lacking for these patients, although the most prominent symptoms accounting for consultation in primary care often cannot be related to any biological causes.AimThe aim was to explore whether group supervision from a specific phenomenological theory of psychosomatics could provide healthcare professionals treating patients with psychosomatic health issues within primary care a deeper understanding of these conditions and stimulate profession‐specific treatment strategies. Our research questions were as follows: (i) What is the healthcare professionals’ understanding of psychosomatics before and after the intervention? (ii) What are the treatment strategies for this group of patients before and after the intervention?MethodsThe study was an explorative qualitative intervention pilot study. The six participants from a primary healthcare setting in a medium‐sized city in Sweden participated in the study. A supervision group was formed, based on a mix of professions, age, gender and years of clinical experience. Supervision consisted of one 75‐minutes meeting every month during the course of 6 months. Participants were interviewed before and after the supervision intervention.FindingsThe study showed two distinct categories emerged from the data. One category of healthcare professionals espoused a psycho‐educative approach, while the other lacked a cohesive approach. The supervision improved the second category of healthcare professionals’ understanding of psychosomatics. The psycho‐educative group did not change their understanding of psychosomatics, although they felt strengthened in their approach by the supervision. Profession‐specific strategies were not developed.ImplicationsThis pilot study indicates that a relatively short supervision intervention can aid clinicians in their clinical encounters with these patients; however, further research is necessary to ascertain the value of the specific phenomenologically based supervision intervention.
First Report on a Cluster of Colistin-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains Isolated from a Tertiary Care Center in India: Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing
Authors: Mathur Purva , Veeraraghavan Balaji , Devanga Ragupathi Naveen Kumar , Inbanathan Francis Yesurajan , Khurana Surbhi , Bhardwaj Nidhi , Kumar Subodh , Sagar Sushma , Gupta Amit 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Klebsiella pneumoniae
is a nosocomial pathogen with clinical importance due to its increasing resistance to carbapenems and colistin. Here, we report the genome sequences of eight colistin-resistant
K. pneumoniae
strains which might help in understanding the molecular mechanism of the species. The sequence data indicate genomes of ~5.2 to 5.4 Mb, along with several plasmids.
Draft Genome Sequence of Plant Growth-Promoting Drought-Tolerant
Bacillus
sp. Strain CMAA 1363 Isolated from the Brazilian Caatinga Biome
Authors: Kavamura Vanessa Nessner , Santos Suikinai Nobre , Taketani Rodrigo Gouvêa , Vasconcellos Rafael Leandro Figueiredo , Melo Itamar Soares 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

The strain of
Bacillus
sp. CMAA 1363 was isolated from the Brazilian Caatinga biome and showed plant growth-promoting traits and ability to promote maize growth under drought stress. Sequencing revealed genes involved in stress response and plant growth promotion. These genomic features might aid in the protection of plants against the negative effects imposed by drought.
Whole-Genome Sequence of the Cheese Isolate Lactobacillus rennini ACA-DC 565
Authors: Kazou Maria , Alexandraki Voula , Pot Bruno , Tsakalidou Effie , Papadimitriou Konstantinos 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

In this study, we present the first complete genome sequence of
Lactobacillus rennini
ACA-DC 565, a strain isolated from a traditional Greek overripened Kopanisti cheese called Mana. Although the species has been associated with cheese spoilage, the strain ACA-DC 565 may contribute to the intense organoleptic characteristics of Mana cheese.
Speeding up laboratory test reporting in Medical Emergency and Cardiac Arrest calls: a quality improvement project
Authors: Al-Talib Mohammed , Leslie Isla 
Published: February 2017

Many hospitals deploy Medical Emergency (MET) and Cardiac Arrest teams to improve the management and treatment of patients who become critically ill. In many cases, blood results are key in allowing the clinicians involved in these teams to make definitive management decisions for these patients. Following anecdotal reports that these results were often delayed, we assessed the process of blood tests being reported in emergency calls, identified the key factors causing delays and sought to make improvements.The initial intervention involved implementing a new blood form that specified the nature of the call, the tests required and a contact number for laboratory staff to contact the clinical team with results. We also developed a streamlined process within the laboratory for these samples to be fast-tracked. Successive improvement cycles sought to increase awareness of the project, improve accessibility to the new forms and embed spontaneous practices that contributed to improvement.Results demonstrated an overall reduction in the time taken for blood samples in emergencies to be reported from 130 minutes to 97 minutes.This project demonstrates that using a specific blood request form for emergency calls, and tying this to a specified laboratory process, improves the time taken for these tests to be reported. In addition, the project provides some insight into challenges faced when implementing change in new departments.
Visualizing the Diffusion of Digital Mammography in New York State
Authors: Boscoe Francis P. , Zhang Xiuling 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Background: Digital mammography saw rapid adoption during the first decade of the 2000s. We were interested in identifying the times and locations where the technology was introduced within the state of New York as a way of illustrating the uneven introduction of this technology.
Methods: Using a sample of Medicare claims data from the period 2004 to 2012 from women ages 65 and over without cancer, we calculated the percentage of mammograms that were digital by zip code of residence and illustrated them with a series of smoothed maps.
Results: Maps for three of the years (2005, 2008, and 2011) show the conversion from almost no digital mammography to nearly all digital mammography. The 2008 map reveals sharp disparities between areas that had and had not yet adopted the technology. Socioeconomic differences explain some of this pattern.
Conclusions: Geographic disparities in access to medical technology are underappreciated relative to other sources of disparities. Our method provides a way of measuring and communicating this phenomenon.
Impact: Our method could be applied to illuminate current examples, where access to medical technology is highly uneven, such as 3D tomography and robotic surgery. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(4); 490–4. ©2017 AACR.
See all the articles in this CEBP Focus section, “Geospatial Approaches to Cancer Control and Population Sciences.”