bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenomics of pike cichlids (Cichlidae: Crenicichla): the rapid ecological speciation of an incipient species flock
Authors: Burress E. D. , Alda F. , Duarte A. , Loureiro M. , Armbruster J. W. , Chakrabarty P. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The rapid rise of phenotypic and ecological diversity in independent lake-dwelling groups of cichlids is emblematic of the East African Great Lakes. In this study, we show that similar ecologically based diversification has occurred in pike cichlids (Crenicichla) throughout the Uruguay River drainage of South America. We collected genomic data from nearly 500 ultraconserved element (UCEs) loci and &gt;260 000 base pairs across 33 species, to obtain a phylogenetic hypothesis for the major species groups and to evaluate the relationships and genetic structure among five closely related, endemic, co-occurring species (the Uruguay River species flock; URSF). Additionally, we evaluated ecological divergence of the URSF based on body and lower pharyngeal jaw (LPJ) shape and gut contents. Across the genus, we recovered novel relationships among the species groups. We found strong support for the monophyly of the URSF; however, relationships among these species remain problematic, likely because of the rapid and recent evolution of this clade. Clustered co-ancestry analysis recovered most species as well delimited genetic groups. The URSF species exhibit species-specific body and LPJ shapes associated with specialized trophic roles. Collectively, our results suggest that the URSF consists of incipient species that arose via ecological speciation associated with the exploration of novel trophic roles.
Molecular Phylogeny and Surface Morphology of Thiriotia hyperdolphinae n. sp. and Cephaloidophora oradareae n. sp. (Gregarinasina, Apicomplexa) Isolated from a Deep Sea Oradarea sp. (Amphipoda) in the West Pacific
Authors: Wakeman Kevin C. , Yabuki Akinori , Fujikura Katsunori , Tomikawa Ko , Horiguchi Takeo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn an effort to broaden our understanding of the biodiversity and distribution of gregarines infecting crustaceans, this study describes two new species of gregarines, Thiriotia hyperdolphinae n. sp. and Cephaloidophora oradareae n. sp., parasitizing a deep sea amphipod (Oradarea sp.). Amphipods were collected using the ROV Hyper‐Dolphin at a depth of 855 m while on a cruise in Sagami Bay, Japan. Gregarine trophozoites and gamonts were isolated from the gut of the amphipod and studied with light and scanning electron microscopy, and phylogenetic analysis of 18S rDNA. Thiriotia hyperdolphinae n. sp. was distinguished from existing species based on morphology, phylogenetic position, as well as host niche and geographic locality. Cephaloidophora oradareae n. sp. distinguished itself from existing Cephaloidophora, based on a difference in host (Oradarea sp.), geographic location, and to a certain extent morphology. We established this latter new species with the understanding that a more comprehensive examination of diversity at the molecular level is necessary within Cephaloidophora. Results from the 18S rDNA molecular phylogeny showed that T. hyperdolphinae n. sp. was positioned within a clade consisting of Thiriotia spp., while C. oradareae n. sp. grouped within the Cephaloidophoridae. Still, supplemental genetic information from gregarines infecting crustaceans will be needed to better understand relationships within this group of apicomplexans.
Effects of clioquinol on the scuticociliatosis‐causing protozoan Miamiensis avidus in olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus
Authors: Lee J‐H , Park J‐J , Choi J‐H , Kang S‐Y , Kang Y‐J , Park K H 
Published: October 2017

AbstractScuticociliatosis is a devastating and intractable protozoal disease in olive flounder, leading to a significant loss throughout the year. This study aimed to investigate a systemically effective antiscuticociliatosis agent for olive flounder for better absorption into the infected internal organs. The in vitro and in vivo antiscuticociliatosis effects of clioquinol (CQ) were examined after screening 30 biocidal agents against the highly pathogenic scuticociliate Miamiensis avidus. CQ was the most potent in vitro drug of those tested against cultured M. avidus. CQ was the least toxic in healthy olive flounder among the drugs that exhibit high potencies. In olive flounder, a single intramuscular injection of 40 mg/kg CQ significantly reduced mortality caused by artificial infection with M. avidus, and 10–20 mg/kg CQ increased fish survival times. CQ was also effective in naturally infected scuticociliatosis. Ciliate cell numbers were lower when CQ was injected in most organs, including the brain. CQ was well absorbed by the internal organs after intramuscular injection. This study suggests that CQ can be considered as a potential antiscuticociliatosis agent for systemic administration in olive flounder.
Association Between Neighborhood Cohesion and Self‐Neglect in Chinese‐American Older Adults
Authors: Hei Ailian , Dong XinQi 
Published: October 2017

ObjectivesTo examine the association between neighborhood cohesion and risk of self‐neglect in a community‐dwelling Chinese‐American older population.SettingCommunity.ParticipantsChinese‐American older adults aged 60 and older interviewed from 2011 to 2013 (N = 3,159).DesignData were drawn from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly, a cross‐sectional community‐engaged study in the greater Chicago area.MeasurementsSelf‐neglect was assessed with systematic observations of a participant's personal and home environment. Neighborhood cohesion was measured using six questions.ResultsAfter controlling for potential confounders, greater neighborhood cohesion was significantly associated with lower risk of overall self‐neglect (odds ratio (OR) = 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.77–0.98) and moderate to severe self‐neglect (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.58–0.85) but not significantly associated with mild self‐neglect (OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.82–1.09). Regarding the phenotypes of self‐neglect, greater neighborhood cohesion was significantly associated with lower risk of poor personal hygiene (OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.67–0.96) and need for home repair (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.60–0.83) but not significantly for hoarding (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.89–1.21), unsanitary conditions (OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.76–1.02), and inadequate utilities (OR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.77–1.31).ConclusionThis study highlights the association between greater neighborhood cohesion and lower risk of overall self‐neglect in Chinese‐American older adults. Enhancing neighborhood cohesion may enhance elder self‐neglect prevention and intervention.
A nanocrystal-based formulation improves the pharmacokinetic performance and therapeutic response of albendazole in dogs
Authors: Paredes Alejandro Javier , Litterio Nicolás , Dib Alicia , Allemandi Daniel Alberto , Lanusse Carlos , Bruni Sergio Sánchez , Palma Santiago Daniel 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Objectives
Here, we aimed to assess the pharmacokinetic performance and therapeutic response (anthelmintic efficacy) of an albendazole (ABZ) nano-sized formulation in dogs.

Methods
In the pharmacokinetic study, ABZ self-dispersible nanocrystals (SDNCS) and a control formulation were administered orally to healthy dogs (n = 6). The concentrations of the sulphoxide metabolite in plasma were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. For the anthelmintic efficacy trial, SDNCS and a commercially available formulation of ABZ were given to naturally parasitised dogs. The number of Ancylostoma caninum eggs in the faeces was determined using the McMaster technique.

Key findings
The area under the curve, Tmax and Cmax for the SDNCS were improved compared to the control. The efficacy study showed no statistical differences between the SDNCS and the commercial formulation at the doses of 25 and 12.5 mg/kg. However, significant differences (P &lt; 0.05) between the treatments were found at 6.25 mg/kg (a quarter of the reference dose) with a reduction in the faecal nematode egg counts of 62.0 ± 21.1% and 100 ± 0% for the control and SDNCS, respectively.

Conclusions
The improved pharmacokinetic performance observed for the novel formulation of ABZ correlated with an improved in vivo therapeutic response against a model intestinal nematode parasite in dogs.
Viscum articulatum Burm. f.: a review on its phytochemistry, pharmacology and traditional uses
Authors: Patel Bhishma P , Singh Pawan K 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to review and highlight traditional and ethnobotanical uses, phytochemical constituents, IP status, biological activity and pharmacological activity of Viscum articulatum.

Methods
Thorough literature searches were performed on Viscum articulatum, and data were analysed for reported traditional uses, pharmacological activity, phytochemicals present and patents filed. Scientific and patent databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Google patents, USPTO and Espacenet were searched using different keywords.

Key findings
Viscum articulatum has been traditionally used in different parts of the world for treatment of various ailments. Almost all the parts such as leaves, root, stem and bark are having medicinal values and are reported for their uses in Ayurvedic and Chinese system of medicine for the management of various diseases. Modern scientific studies demonstrate efficacy of this plant against hypertension, ulcer, epilepsy, inflammation, wound, nephrotoxicity, HIV, cancer, etc. Major bioactive phytochemicals include oleanolic acid, betulinic acid, eriodictyol, naringenin, β-amyrin acetate, visartisides, etc.

Conclusions
Side effects of allopathic medicines have created a global opportunity, acceptance and demand for phytomedicines. Viscum articulatum could be an excellent source of effective and safe phytomedicine for various ailments if focused translational efforts are undertaken by integrating the existing outcomes of researches.
Gingival tissue, an extrasynovial source of malondialdehyde‐acetaldehyde adducts, citrullinated and carbamylated proteins
Authors: Bright R. , Thiele G. M. , Manavis J. , Mikuls T. R. , Payne J. B. , Bartold P. M. 
Published: October 2017

Background and ObjectivePostranslational modification of proteins can lead to the production of autoantibodies and loss of immune tolerance. This process has been hypothesised to be a critical factor in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. The objective of this study was to demonstrate that inflamed human gingival tissue provides an extrasynovial source of malondialdehyde‐acetaldehyde adducts, citrullinated and carbamylated proteins all of which are considered to be linked to the development of rheumatoid arthritis. Identification of such modified proteins in inflamed gingiva may explain, in part, how inflammation of the periodontal tissues may influence the development of rheumatoid arthritis.Material and MethodsGingival biopsies of healthy, mild and moderate periodontitis were triple stained with antibodies against malondialdehyde‐acetaldehyde adducts, citrullinated and carbamylated proteins.ResultsAssessment of healthy gingival tissue revealed negligible staining for carbamylated, malondialdehyde‐acetaldehyde (MAA), or citrullinated proteins. Mild periodontitis was positive for all three modifications. Furthermore, there was an increase in staining intensity for carbamylated, citrullinated and MAA‐modified proteins in moderate periodontitis. Negative staining results were observed for the isotype controls.ConclusionThis study provides evidence for the presence of citrullinated, carbamylated and MAA adduct modified proteins in inflamed periodontal tissues. The potential for these proteins to play a role in autoimmunity in a multi‐system inflammatory syndromic disease model now needs to be determined.
Influence of tongue brushing and scraping on the oral microflora of periodontitis patients
Authors: Laleman I. , Koop R. , Teughels W. , Dekeyser C. , Quirynen M. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveTo examine the effect of tongue cleaning with a tongue scraper (TS) or toothbrush (TB) in patients with periodontitis.BackgroundThe tongue is a possible reservoir for bacterial (re)colonization of the periodontal tissues in patients with periodontitis. To date, it is not known what the influence of tongue cleaning is on the tongue coating of patients with periodontitis.Material and MethodsEighteen systemically healthy, untreated moderate to severe adult patients with periodontitis with some degree of tongue coating were randomly assigned to the use of a TS or TB for cleaning the tongue. Microbial load of the saliva and tongue dorsum, amount of tongue coating and patient perception about tongue cleaning were studied at baseline and 2 weeks later.ResultsTwo weeks of tongue cleaning with either a TB or a TS, did not influence the microbiological counts, neither in the saliva, nor in the tongue coating, even though tongue coating was significantly less. The patients themselves experienced no differences in breath odour or taste sensation after 2 weeks of tongue cleaning; however, they felt that their tongue was cleaner at the end of the study compared to baseline. No differences could be detected between the uses of a TS vs a TB.ConclusionIn patients with periodontitis, tongue cleaning does not influence the bacterial load in the saliva or on the tongue dorsum.
Aquatic treadmill water level influence on pelvic limb kinematics in cranial cruciate ligament‐deficient dogs with surgically stabilised stifles
Authors: Bertocci G. , Smalley C. , Brown N. , Bialczak K. , Carroll D. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveTo compare pelvic limb joint kinematics and temporal gait characteristics during land‐based and aquatic‐based treadmill walking in dogs that have undergone surgical stabilisation for cranial cruciate ligament deficiency.Materials and MethodsClient‐owned dogs with surgically stabilised stifles following cranial cruciate ligament deficiency performed three walking trials consisting of three consecutive gait cycles on an aquatic treadmill under four water levels. Hip, stifle and hock range of motion; peak extension; and peak flexion were assessed for the affected limb at each water level. Gait cycle time and stance phase percentage were also determined.ResultsTen client‐owned dogs of varying breeds were evaluated at a mean of 55·2 days postoperatively. Aquatic treadmill water level influenced pelvic limb kinematics and temporal gait outcomes. Increased stifle joint flexion was observed as treadmill water level increased, peaking when the water level was at the hip. Similarly, hip flexion increased at the hip water level. Stifle range of motion was greatest at stifle and hip water levels. Stance phase percentage was significantly decreased when water level was at the hip.Clinical SignificanceAquatic treadmill walking has become a common rehabilitation modality following surgical stabilisation of cranial cruciate ligament deficiency. However, evidence‐based best practice guidelines to enhance stifle kinematics do not exist. Our findings suggest that rehabilitation utilising a water level at or above the stifle will achieve the best stifle kinematics following surgical stifle stabilisation.
Vision‐Based Natural Frequency Identification Using Laser Speckle Imaging and Parallel Computing
Authors: Park KyeongTaek , Torbol Marco , Kim Sehwan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis study focuses on the identification of the natural frequencies of structures through the analysis of the speckle pattern that a laser creates and a camera records. The laser pointer spreads its light over a target area on the structure and creates the speckle pattern. The ambient vibrations affect the pattern and a camera records the changes. The stream of images is fed into a graphics processing unit (GPU). The developed parallel code includes different algorithms: the speckle contrast image (SCI), the speckle flow imaging (SFI), and an innovative application of k‐means clustering that uses the geometrical centroid of each cluster as virtual sensors. The tracking of the centroid in time domain through the images creates a vibration signal. The signals from different clusters are processed together to extract the natural frequencies of the structure. This study applies the proposed method to different sample structures both in laboratory and in the field to demonstrate how the obtained signals are reliable and easy to handle. The GPU technology enhances the performance of the entire method and allows the achievement of real‐time processing. All these features create an inexpensive, portable, and efficient tool to inspect any structure or its components.
Association of echocardiographic parameters with mortality in hospitalized patients with lupus nephritis
Authors: Chen Junzhe , Tang Ying , Zhu Mingsheng , Lv Jun , Fu Sha , He Huizhen , Zeng Yuchun , Lin Cunjie , Xu Anping 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAimIncreasing evidence shows that the cardiac involvement attributes to the mortality of patients with lupus nephritis (LN) and echocardiography provides a valid measurement for cardiac disease. However, the association between echocardiographic parameters and mortality in LN patients without cardiac disease history remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between echocardiographic parameters and the mortality in hospitalized LN patients without cardiac disease history.MethodsA total of 436 LN patients without cardiac disease history who underwent echocardiography at Sun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2014, were enrolled into this study. The association between echocardiographic parameters and all‐cause and cardiac mortality of LN patients was examined by the Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsIn this cohort study, the median duration of follow‐up was 18 months. Among 436 hospitalized LN patients, 88 patients (20.2%) died. Of them, 38 patients (43.2%) died of cardiac disease. Cardiac symptoms, high systolic blood pressure, high serum levels of C‐reactive protein, low serum albumin, low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were found to be independently associated with increased all‐cause mortality. Furthermore, the cardiac symptoms, low eGFR, increased left ventricular mass index (LVMI), and decreased LVEF were independently correlated with an increased cardiac mortality risk.ConclusionsDecreased LVEF was associated with increased all‐cause and cardiac mortality and increased LVMI was an independent risk factor for cardiac mortality in hospitalized LN patients without cardiac disease history.
Repeated sleep‐quality assessment and use of sleep‐promoting interventions in ICU
Authors: Menear Ashika , Elliott Rosalind , M Aitken Leanne , Lal Sara , McKinley Sharon 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTTo describe sleep quality using repeated subjective assessment and the ongoing use of sleep‐promoting interventions in intensive care. It is well known that the critically ill experience sleep disruption while receiving treatment in the intensive care unit. Both the measurement and promotion of sleep is challenging in the complex environment of intensive care unit. Repeated subjective assessment of patients' sleep in the intensive care unit and use of sleep‐promoting interventions has not been widely reported. An observational study was conducted in a 58‐bed adult intensive care unit. Sleep quality was assessed using the Richards‐Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ) each morning. intensive care unit audit sleep‐promoting intervention data were compared to data obtained prior to the implementation of a sleep guideline. Patients answered open‐ended questions about the facilitators and deterrents of their sleep in intensive care unit. The sample (n = 50) was predominately male (76%) with a mean age: 62.6±16.9 years. Sleep quality was assessed on 2 days or more for 21 patients. The majority of patients (98%) received sleep‐promoting interventions. Sleep quality had not improved significantly since the guideline was first implemented. The mean Richards‐Campbell Sleep Questionnaire score was 47.9±24.1 mm. The main sleep deterrents were discomfort and noise. Frequently cited facilitators were nothing (i.e. nothing helped) and analgesia. The Richards‐Campbell Sleep Questionnaire was used on repeated occasions, and sleep‐promoting interventions were used extensively. There was no evidence of improvement in sleep quality since the implementation of a sleep guideline. The use of the Richards‐Campbell Sleep Questionnaire for the subjective self‐assessment of sleep quality in intensive care unit patients and the implementation of simple‐promoting interventions by intensive care unit clinicians is both feasible and may be the most practical way to assess sleep in the intensive care unit context.
Operationalizing relational turbulence theory: Measurement and construct validation
Authors: SOLOMON DENISE HAUNANI , BRISINI KELLIE ST. CYR 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis study assessed measures operationalizing concepts in relational turbulence theory (Solomon, Knobloch, Theiss, & McLaren, 2016). Studies of relational turbulence in marriage have used measures developed in research on dating couples; therefore, one goal was evaluating these variables in a general population sample of married individuals (N = 1,469). A second goal addressed problems in measures of relational uncertainty by assessing alternative scales. Third, associations between relational turbulence theory variables and measures of cognitive, emotional, and communicative phenomena were estimated. Fourth, the distinctiveness of relational turbulence measures relative to measures of other relational qualities was assessed. The conclusions advance new, Likert relational uncertainty scales and highlight the validity of relational turbulence constructs as distinctive predictors of cognitions, emotions, and communication.
A cluster of scedosporiosis in lung transplant candidates and recipients: The Zurich experience and review of the literature
Authors: Abela Irene A. , Murer Christian , Schuurmans Macé M. , Schmitt Juergen W. , Muller Frabci , Imkamp Frank , Mueller Nicolas J. , Benden Christian 
Published: October 2017

AbstractScedosporium species are fungal pathogens increasingly recognized in cystic fibrosis (CF). They can cause multiresistant, life‐threatening infections that are of particular concern in CF patients undergoing lung transplantation, as optimal treatment remains unclear. Here, we describe our Zurich experience of CF patients with Scedosporium infection. Disseminated infection occurred in one patient after transplantation and was successfully treated. We propose a step‐by‐step approach to treat candidates with colonization, and discuss our cases in the context of the current literature.
Does US quantitative easing affect exchange rate pass‐through in China?
Authors: Sun Puyang , Hou Xinyu , Zhang Jingjia 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we show theoretically and empirically that the US quantitative easing (QE) policy results in lower exchange rate pass‐through into the destination prices of Chinese exporters. In addition, the more the exchange rate in the export destination appreciates than the Chinese yuan, the stronger this effect becomes. Our model combines various marginal effects of QE policy on the destinations of Chinese exporters and variable markups of export firms due to strategic complementarities. The model predicts that the impact of US QE policy on the pass‐through of Chinese exporters depends on its spillover on the exchange rate between China and the export destination of different firms. We provide strong support for the model predictions using Chinese firm‐product‐level data with information on export destinations. The baseline result and the heterogeneity we find in the response of exchange rate pass‐through of Chinese exporters to US QE policy remain robust to alternative measures of samples and controls.