bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IPR of Triple Continuum Reservoirs, Analytical Approach
Authors: Youssef AbdAllah A. , Alnuaim Sami 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The existence of vugs in naturally fractured carbonate reservoirs has been widely seen in oil and gas reservoirs. The multiphase flow is taking place in multimedia such as matrix, fractures and vugs. Hence, the standard famous Darcy law may not apply to describe the multiphase flow in such reservoirs. A new triple-continuum conceptual model has been developed by several investigators to help to understand multiphase flow behavior through vuggy fractured carbonate reservoirs. The most well-known conceptual model is the single permeability, triple porosity model. In this conceptual model, vuggy fractured rock is considered as a triple-continuum medium, consisting of (1) highly permeable fractures, (2) low-permeability rock matrix, and (3) various-sized vugs. The Inflow Performance Relationship (IPR) that describes the relation between the sand-face flowing pressure and well standard flow rate for such system can be generated either numerically or analytically. This study investigates the analytical approach of IPR of triple continuum reservoirs. The IPR is derived from the analytical solution of diffusivity equation. The objective of this study is to solve the fluid flow equations that govern the flow in triple continuum reservoir under semi-steady flow regime. Then, the productivity index is calculated and the effects of different reservoir parameters are investigated. Various sensitivity analysis was implemented to gain better understanding especially for the effect of inter-porosity and storativity. The generated IPR of the triple continuum reservoir is the same as the single continuum reservoir except that it is multiplied by E (error parameter = 0 &lt; E≤ 1). The max value of E is one where the fractures are the only present continuum in the reservoir (single continuum).
Preliminary evaluation of new green antiscalants for reverse osmosis water desalination
Authors: Pervov Alexey G. , Andrianov Alexey P. , Danilycheva Maria N. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Supplying fresh water has become an important environmental and economic issue. Desalination with reverse osmosis (RO) represents an effective solution to meet the challenges of cleaning brackish water and seawater for drinking and industrial purposes. The principal problem of RO plant operation is the precipitation of low soluble salts (scaling). There are some well-known techniques to reduce scaling; one of the most widespread is antiscalant dosing. In this study, 11 samples of new prototype chemicals based on co-polymers of acrylic and methacrylic acids, polyaspartic acid, maleic anhydride and different cross-linking agents is tested. A wide range of commercial phosphorus-based and green inhibitors were used as reference antiscalants. The testing procedure included circulation experiments on a RO laboratory unit with continuous concentration of feed water – tap water and model solution with elevated hardness. The amount of calcium carbonate accumulated in the membrane module was determined and the inhibitor efficiency was calculated. The best results were obtained for scale inhibitors based on polyaspartic and (poly)acrylic acids. The most promising was the reagent based on a mixture of polyaspartate and nitrilotrimethylphosphonic acid.
Rocking Response of Seismically-Isolated Rigid Blocks Under Simple Acceleration Pulses and Earthquake Excitations
Authors: Roussis Panayiotis C. , Odysseos Spyroulla 
Published: June 2017

Background:Although the dynamic response of rigid block-like structures standing free on a rigid foundation has been extensively studied to date, only a limited number of studies have focused on the dynamics of such systems when seismically isolated.Objective:This paper presents a comprehensive investigation on the dynamic response of base-isolated rigid blocks subjected to pulse-type base excitation, with the aim of identifying potential trends in the response and stability of the system.Method:The model adopted in this study consists of a rectangular-prismatic rigid block standing free on a seismically-isolated base, which, on the assumption of sufficiently-large friction, can be set into rocking on top of the moving base under dynamic excitation. The study examines in depth the motion of the block/base system with a large-displacement formulation that combines the nonlinear equations of motion with a rigorous model governing impact. Two isolation-system models are utilized in the analysis, a linear viscoelastic model and a bilinear hysteretic model.Results:An extensive numerical investigation was performed to calculate the rocking response of the block under simple acceleration pulses and recorded pulse-type earthquake motions of various amplitudes and frequency content. Response-regime spectra for non-isolated and isolated blocks of varying geometric characteristics have been constructed to evaluate the system performance with respect to the rocking initiation and overturning of the block.Conclusion:The study showed that, regardless of block size and excitation period, seismic isolation increases the acceleration required to initiate rocking, a benefit that increases as the isolation period increases. In regard to the stability of the rocking block, the use of isolation yields a better system performance for smaller-sized blocks both for short- and mid-period excitations, provided that the isolation system is suitably designed. On the contrary, for long-period pulses, the use of isolation is practically not beneficial in improving the stability of the rocking block, irrespective of its size.
CONTINUITY AND CHANGE IN EUROPEAN NEIGHBOURHOOD POLICY. THE BURDEN OF EXCESSIVE BUREAUCRATIZATION
Authors: CICEO Georgiana 
Published: June 2017

The present article looks at the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) through the lenses of policy analysis in order to assess the processes through which its stated goal to support and foster stability, security and prosperity in the countries closest to its borders are transposed into practice and produce an impact on its neighbours. It proceeds from the assumption that due to the embeddedness of this policy in the enlargement policy it overstrains the institutional framework set up for this policy and leads to mixed results in its evaluation. If the focus of the entire neighbourhood policy has been recalibrated several times from its inception, its modus operandi suffered only limited alterations. This paved the way to an excessive bureaucratization of the entire policy, which impacted directly on EU’s capacity to attain its core objectives.
QUO VADIS LE KOSOVO? ENJEUX ET PERSPECTIVES DU PROCESSUS DE CONSTRUCTION DE L’ETAT DANS UN PAYS SANS « STATUT »
Authors: BÁLÓ András 
Published: June 2017

Quo vadis le Kosovo? Challenges and Perspectives of the Statebuilding in a Country Without Status. The old continent’s youngest state, Kosovo is facing huge challenges in recent times. Lack of recognition and the slowness of the state-building process are important obstacles to the country’s economic development. What is the current stage of these state-building efforts, and what are the challenges and perspectives of this process? Important questions that we are trying to find the answers for in this paper.

Resumé: Kosovo, le pays le plus jeune du Vieux Continent fait face à des défis énormes de nos jours. Le manque de reconnaissance et la lenteur du processus de construction de l’État sont des obstacles importants à l’émergence économique du pays. Quelle est la phase actuelle des efforts de ce processus de construction de l’État et quels sont ses défis et ses perspectives ? - Questions importantes auxquelles on essaie de répondre dans ce travail.
Mots-clé: diaspora, minorité, reconnaissance, reconstruction, processus de construction de l’État
Diagnosing Environmental Allergies: Comparison of Skin-Prick, Intradermal, and Serum Specific Immunoglobulin E Testing
Authors: Ferastraoaru Denisa , Shtessel Maria , Lobell Elizabeth , Hudes Golda , Rosenstreich David , de Vos Gabriele 
Published: June 2017

Background Allergists commonly perform intradermal skin testing (IDST) after negative skin-prick testing (SPT) to comprehensively diagnose environmental allergic sensitization. However, with the availability of modern methods to detect serum-specific immunoglobulin E (ssIgE), it is unclear if ssIgE testing could substitute for IDST. Objective To determine the efficacy of ssIgE testing and IDST when added to SPT in diagnosing environmental allergic sensitizations. Methods SPT, IDST, and ssIgE testing to nine common environmental allergens were analyzed in 75 patients with oculonasal symptoms who presented to our allergy clinics in the Bronx, New York, between January 2014 and May 2015. Results A total of 651 SPT and 499 ssIgE tests were independently performed and revealed 162 (25%) and 127 (25%) sensitizations, respectively. When SPT results were negative, IDST results revealed 108 of 452 additional sensitizations (24%). In contrast, when SPT results were negative, ssIgE test results only revealed 9% additional sensitizations. When both SPT and IDST results were negative, ssIgE testing only detected 3% of additional sensitizations, and ssIgE levels were typically low in these cases (median, 1.25 kU/L; range, 0.357–4.47 kU/L). When both SPT and ssIgE test results were negative, IDST results detected 15% additional sensitizations. Conclusion IDST detected more additional environmental sensitizations compared with ssIgE testing. IDST, therefore, may be useful when the SPT and/or ssIgE testing results were negative, but the exposure history indicated relevant allergic sensitization. Serology added only a little more information if both SPT and IDST results were negative but may be useful in combination with SPT if IDST cannot be performed.
Landmarks for Rapid Localization of the Sphenopalatine Foramen: A Radiographic Morphometric Analysis
Authors: Maxwell Anne K. , Barham Henry P. , Getz Anne E. , Kingdom Todd T. , Ramakrishnan Vijay R. 
Published: June 2017

Background Transnasal endoscopic sphenopalatine artery ligation is becoming the procedure of choice for surgical management of intractable posterior epistaxis. Landmarks for localization of the sphenopalatine foramen can assist in rapid surgical exposure of the sphenopalatine artery. Objective This study examined distances from easily identified endoscopic surgical landmarks to the sphenopalatine foramen. Methods By using computed tomography of the sinus to study radiologic anatomy in 50 adults, distances were measured between five simple endoscopic landmarks and the sphenopalatine foramen. The two-tailed t-test was used for statistical analysis. Results Right- and left-sided measurements were similar. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) anteroposterior distances to the sphenopalatine foramen were the following: from the maxillary line (36.7 ± 5.5 mm), anterior head of the middle turbinate (33.8 ± 6.7 mm), basal lamella (11.8 ± 1.9 mm), and choanal arch (–9.2 ± 1.4 mm). The mean (SD) distance in the vertical dimension from the nasal floor was 26.6 ± 2.6 mm. Female patients had statistically shorter distances to the sphenopalatine foramen from the maxillary line, anterior head of the middle turbinate, choanal arch, and nasal floor. Conclusion Reliable endoscopic landmarks exist in relation to consistent anatomic structures and can be used to help quickly estimate the location of the sphenopalatine foramen at the onset of the procedure.
Complete Response of Skull Base Inverted Papilloma to Chemotherapy: Case Report
Authors: Kuan Edward C. , Frederick John W. , Diaz Miguel F. Palma , Lim Dean W. , Suh Jeffrey D. 
Published: June 2017

Background Inverted papilloma (IP) is the most common benign sinonasal neoplasm. Endoscopic techniques, improved understanding of pathophysiology, and novel surgical approaches have allowed rhinologists to treat IPs more effectively, with surgery being the mainstay of therapy. Frontal sinus IP poses a challenge for surgical therapy due to complex anatomy and potentially difficult surgical access. Objectives We reported a unique case of a massive frontal sinus IP that presented with intracranial and orbital extension, with near resolution after chemotherapy. Methods A retrospective case review of a patient with a frontal sinus IP treated at a tertiary academic medical center. Results A 75-year-old male patient presented with nasal obstruction, purulent nasal discharge, and a growing left supraorbital mass. Endoscopy demonstrated a mass that filled both frontal and ethmoid sinuses, with orbital invasion. There also was substantial erosion of the posterior table, which measured 1.73 × 1.40 cm. A biopsy specimen demonstrated IP with carcinoma in situ. The patient was deemed unresectable on initial evaluation and, subsequently, underwent chemotherapy (carboplatin and paclitaxel). The tumor had a dramatic response to chemotherapy, and the patient elected for definitive surgery to remove any residual disease. During surgery, only a small focus of IP was found along the superior wall of the frontal sinus. No tumor was found elsewhere, including at the site of skull base erosion. The final pathology was IP without carcinoma in situ or dysplasia. Conclusion This was the first reported case of chemotherapeutic “debulking” of IP, which facilitated surgical resection, despite substantial intracranial and orbital involvement. Although nearly all IPs can be treated surgically, rare cases, such as unresectable tumors, may benefit from systemic chemotherapy.
Effect of Topical Beclomethasone on Inflammatory Markers in Adults with Eosinophilic Esophagitis: A Pilot Study
Authors: Bhardwaj Neeti , Ishmael Faoud , Lehman Erik , Bethards Deborah , Ruggiero Francesca , Ghaffari Gisoo 
Published: June 2017

Background Topical corticosteroids have proven efficacy in the treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and are considered the cornerstone of therapy. Objective To evaluate the effect of topical beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) therapy on clinical outcomes, esophageal eosinophilia, and other markers of inflammation in patients with EoE. Methods Nine subjects with a biopsy-proven diagnosis of EoE were enrolled. In a cross-over design, the subjects were randomly assigned to a sequence of BDP and placebo. Treatment periods were 8 weeks, with a 4-week washout period. The subjects had endoscopic biopsies and blood tests at baseline and after each treatment period. They were instructed to maintain a diary of symptoms. Immuno-histochemical studies were performed for interleukins IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and transforming growth factor (TGF) beta. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed for IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17F, IL-25, IL-33, chemokine ligands (CCL)2, CCL5, CCL11, GM-CSF, and TGF-beta levels. The mast cell tryptase (MCT) level was measured in esophageal tissues. Results BDP led to a significantly larger decrease in esophageal eosinophilia compared with placebo, but there was no significant change in peripheral eosinophilia and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein between the two groups. The study was not powered enough for us to report a significant improvement in clinical symptoms. There was a significant decrease in tissue IL-13 and MCT levels from baseline to the end of treatment between the treatment and placebo groups. Mean fold decreases in cytokine expression between the baseline and treatment groups were observed for IL-17F, IL-25, CCL2, and CCL5. Conclusion Treatment with topical BDP was associated with significant decrease in esophageal eosinophilia, MCT and IL-13. BDP is a potential alternative to fluticasone propionate and budesonide for treatment of EoE. Larger studies are needed to validate these findings.
Differential Diagnosis and Proper Treatment of Acute Rhinosinusitis: Guidance Based on Historical Data Analysis
Authors: Cevc Gregor 
Published: June 2017

Background The time course of rhinovirus positive and negative rhinosinusitis has not been quantified yet, which aggravates proper selection and justification of the optimum treatment for this illness. Such quantitative information would facilitate an early and proper identification of the disease and its differentiation from acute bacterial rhinosinusitis, and could diminish harmful overuse of antibiotics, arguably driven by patients’ want for attention and the treating physicians’ inability to offer an adequate verbal comfort in its stead. Objective Extraction of the quantitative information needed to identify rhinovirus positive or negative rhinosinusitis and to allow selection of the most appropriate treatment from the published time dependence of individual clinical symptoms of the disease. Methods Scrutiny (and modeling) of temporal evolution of all noteworthy symptoms of rhinosinusitis with a simple mathematical expression that relies on two adjustable parameters per symptom (and potentially a general time offset as an extra adjustable parameter). Results Adverse effects of rhinosinusitis can be grouped according to the sequence of their exponential appearance and ~2.6 times slower exponential disappearance, rhinovirus negative rhinosinusitis generally improving ~25% faster and being ~40% less severe. The major early local symptoms (throat soreness and scratchiness, headache) vanish with a half-life of ~1.8 days, whereas further local symptoms take ~1.6 times longer to disappear. At least 50–60% improvement of two prominent early symptoms, sore throat and sneezing (but not of nasal discharge, cough, and hoarseness) by day 5 of the disease implies a nonbacterial origin of rhinitis and should exclude use of antibiotics. Conclusion Temporal evolution of all rhinosinusitis symptoms is qualitatively similar, which makes the early symptom decay a good proxy for, and predictor of, the disease perspective. Knowing a symptom intensity at just three to four time points suffices for reconstructing its entire time course and total intensity or gravity. This permits an easy and early identification of rhinosinusitis, and its plausible differentiation from acute bacterial rhinosinusitis, disease treatment optimization, and corresponding clinical trials simplification and/or shortening.
Peningkatan Kelarutan Ketokonazol dengan Teknik Dispersi Padat Menggunakan Eudragit® E 100
Authors: Narsa Angga Cipta 
Published: June 2017

Ketoconazole is an antifungal azole synthetic which derivatived from imidazole. Ketoconazole is practically insoluble in water and its bioavailability depend on pH condition of the gastrointestinal tract. The purpose of the research is to increase the solubility of ketoconazole by solid dispersion method using EudragitÂ® E 100, PEG 6000, and glycerol. Solid dispersion was evaluated with respect to solubility, cristalinity, complexation and morphology of solid dispersion. The optimum formulation with the highest solubility was resulted by solid dispersion with ratio ketoconazole - EudragitÂ® E 100 - glycerol of 1:8:0.5. X-ray diffraction test revealed the change of crystalline ketoconazole and similar to EudragitÂ® E 100. This result was also supported by spectrum of infrared and endothermic peak of differential scanning calorimetry. Based on scanning electron microscopy morphology of pure EudragitÂ® E 100 and solid dispersion was similar. Solid dispersion of ketoconazole with EudragitÂ® E 100 and glycerol improved solubilty.
Keywords : ketoconazole, solid dispersion, EudragitÂ® E 100

ABSTRAK
Ketokonazol merupakan zat antijamur sintetik golongan azol yang merupakan turunan imidazol.Ketokonazol praktis tidak larut dalam air dan ketersediaan hayati melalui rute oral sangat beragam tergantung dari kondisi pH saluran pencernaan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kelarutan ketokonazol dengan cara pembuatan dispersi padat mengunakan EudragitÂ® E 100, PEG 6000, serta gliserol. Dispersi padat di evaluasi dengan uji kelarutan jenuh, kristalinitas, kompleksasi, dan morfologinya.Formula optimal dengan peningkatan kelarutan tertinggi dihasilkan oleh perbandingan dispersi padat ketokonazol - EudragitÂ® E 100 - gliserol 1:8:0,5. Pengujian difraksi sinar-X menunjukkan adanya perubahan kristalinitas ketokonazol yaitu sama seperti EudragitÂ® E 100.Hasil ini juga didukung oleh hasil pengujian spetkrofotometer infra merah dan puncak endotermik differential scanning calorimetry.Berdasarkan hasil scanning electrom microscopyterlihat morfologi dari EudragitÂ® E 100 murni dan dispersi padatnya yang hampir sama..Pembentukan dispersi padat ketokonazol dengan EudragitÂ® E 100 dan gliserol dapat meningkatkan kelarutan.
Kata Kunci : ketokonazol, dispersi padat, EudragitÂ® E 100
Identifikasi Metabolit Sekunder dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Sungkai (Peronema canescens JACK.) terhadap Beberapa Bakteri Patogen
Authors: Ibrahim Arsyik , Kuncoro Hadi 
Published: June 2017

A research which identification of secondary metabolites and antibacterial activity test from methanol exstract of leaf Sungkai (Peronema canencens Jack) to several pathogens bacterial, which aims to identification of secondary methabolites and determine the antibacterial activity from crude methanol extract of leaf Sungkai (P. canencens Jack). against Streptococcus mutans, Salmonella thyposa, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Material test obtained by maceration with methanol, then tested for activity. Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) value extract was determined by liquid dilution and the followed by scratches on solid media method. Minimum Kill Concentration (KBM) value extracts was determined by agar diffusion method with using paper disks.The results secondary metabolite identify form extracts of leaves P. canencens obtainable derived alkaloid, terpenoids - steroids, flavonoids, and tannin compounds. Methanol extract have the antibacterial activity. Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) value of extract is concentration of 20% for bacteria S. mutans, S.thiposa and S.aureus, while for the B. subtilis is konsentration of 15%. Minimum Kill Concentration (KBM) values exstract at a concentration of 5% effective at killing S. mutans and S. thyposa bacteria, while the concentration of 1% effective to bacteria B.subtilis and S.aureus.
Key words: P. canencens Jack, antibacteria activity, S. mutans, S. thiposa, B. subtillis, S. aureus

ABSTRAK

Telah dilakukan penelitian identifikasi metabolit sekunder dan aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak metanol daun Sungkai (P.canencens Jack) terhadap beberapa bakteri patogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi metabolit sekunder dan mengetahui aktifitas antibakteri dan Kadar Hambat Minimum (KHM) dan Nilai Kadar Bunuh Minimum (KBM) ekstrak kasar metanol daun Sungkai (P.canencens Jack.) terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans, Salmonella thyposa, Bacillus subtilis dan Staphylococcus aureus. Bahan uji diperoleh dengan maserasi daun sungkai dengan metanol, selanjutnya diuji aktivitasnya. Nilai Kadar Hambat Minumum (KHM) ekstrak ditentukan dengan metode dilusi cair dan dilanjutkan dengan metode goresan pada media padat. Nilai Kadar Bunuh Minimum (KBM) ekstrak ditentukan dengan metode difusi agar padat menggunakan paper disk. Hasil penelitian identifikasi metabolit sekunder ekstrak P. canencens diperoleh golongan senyawa alkaloid, terpenoid - steroid, flavanoid, dan tanin. Ekstrak metanol daun P. canencens Jack. memiliki aktifitas sebagai antibakteri. Nilai KHM ekstrak P. canencens untuk bakteri S..mutans, S.thiposa dan S.aureus adalah konsentrasi 20%, sedangkan untuk bakteri B. subtilis adalah 15%. Nilai KBM ekstrak metanol P. canencens pada konsentrasi 5% efektif membunuh bakteri S.. mutans dan S. thyposa, sedangkan konsentrasi 1 % efektif membunuh bakteri B.subtilis dan S.aureus.
Kata kunci : P. canencens Jack, Aktivitas antibakteri, S. mutans, S. thyposa, B. subtillis, S. aureus