bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical sensitivities of current gravitational wave observatories at higher kHz, MHz and GHz frequencies
Authors: Schnabel Roman , Korobko Mikhail 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

GEO 600, Kagra, LIGO, and Virgo were built to observe gravitational waves at frequencies in the audio band, where the highest event rates combined with the largest signal to noise ratios had been predicted. Currently, hypothetical sources of cosmological origin that could have produced signals at higher frequencies are under discussion. What is not widely known is that current interferometric GW observatories have a frequency comb of high optical sensitivity that encompasses these high frequencies. Here we calculate the high-frequency noise spectral densities of operating GW observatories under the justified assumption that photon shot noise is the dominant noise source. We explain the underlying physics of why high sensitivity is achieved for all integer multiples of the free spectral ranges of the observatory’s resonators when an interferometer arm is not orientated perpendicular to the propagation direction of the GW. Proposals for new concepts of high-frequency GW detectors must be compared with the high-frequency sensitivities presented here.
An Ultra-Robust Ultra-Broadband Modified Moiré Varifocal MetaLens for Terahertz Wave
Authors: Zhu Li-Guo , Sun Changlin , Zeng Zhiqiang , Wang Weijun , Du Liang-Hui , Chen Xiaoyin , Leng Jin , Li Jiang , Wen Zhongquan , Qi Pengfei , Liu Weiwei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Terahertz (THz) waves, known for their fingerprint spectroscopy, penetration capabilities, and biological safety, present significant potential for sensing and imaging applications. However, the lack of high-performance THz devices significantly limits the broader adoption of THz technology. A critical component for advancing THz systems is the development of lenses with broadband varifocal capabilities, which are vital for fully leveraging the broad spectral range of THz waves. Moiré varifocal metalenses (MML), which enable zooming through the relative rotation of two identical metasurfaces, have emerged as a potential solution, offering an extensive varifocal range, and an invariant optical path length. Despite these advantages, traditional MML face limitations such as an inability to achieve continuous focal adjustment, poor resilience to interference, and a narrow operating bandwidth, which present a major obstacle to their practical use. To address these limitations, we have designed a modified MML featuring a novel phase distribution that significantly improves the performance of the metalens. In a groundbreaking experiment, we demonstrated the superior performance of this MML in the THz band, using a terahertz free-electron laser (THz-FEL) with excellent beam quality and tunable bandwidth. The modified MML exhibited exceptional robustness, including continuous focal length tunability, spatial robustness against lens displacement, and an ultra-broadband range covering approximately 40% of the central wavelength. Additionally, this multifunctional THz imaging metalens offers capabilities such as broadband focusing, wide-range zooming, and fixed focal length. Our results demonstrate that the modified MML provides outstanding stability, a lightweight structure, ease of adjustment, and simple fabrication, marking a significant advancement in the development of practical, multifunctional THz optical devices. With its broad potential for applications in integrated THz systems and imaging, this lens paves the way for more versatile and higher-performance THz technologies. Furthermore, its universal design extends beyond the THz range, offering a promising approach for varifocal lens design across the entire electromagnetic spectrum.
Cryo-EM structure of a natural prion: chronic wasting disease fibrils from deer
Authors: Alam Parvez , Hoyt Forrest , Artikis Efrosini , Soukup Jakub , Hughson Andrew G. , Schwartz Cindi L. , Barbian Kent , Miller Michael W. , Race Brent , Caughey Byron 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a widely distributed prion disease of cervids with implications for wildlife conservation and also for human and livestock health. The structures of infectious prions that cause CWD and other natural prion diseases of mammalian hosts have been poorly understood. Here we report a 2.8 Å resolution cryogenic electron microscopy-based structure of CWD prion fibrils from the brain of a naturally infected white-tailed deer expressing the most common wildtype PrP sequence. Like recently solved rodent-adapted scrapie prion fibrils, our atomic model of CWD fibrils contains single stacks of PrP molecules forming parallel in-register intermolecular β-sheets and intervening loops comprising major N- and C-terminal lobes within the fibril cross-section. However, CWD fibrils from a natural cervid host differ markedly from the rodent structures in many other features, including a ~ 180° twist in the relative orientation of the lobes. This CWD structure suggests mechanisms underlying the apparent CWD transmission barrier to humans and should facilitate more rational approaches to the development of CWD vaccines and therapeutics.
Deep Genome Sequencing Uncovers Extensive Genetic Heterogeneity in Early Human Placentas
Authors: Miceikaite Ieva , Fagerberg Christina , Brasch-Andersen Charlotte , Torring Pernille , Kristiansen Britta Schlott , Hao Qin , Sperling Lene , Larsen Martin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Placental biopsy in early pregnancy is widely used in prenatal genetic diagnostics as a surrogate for fetal tissue. Confined placental chromosomal mosaicism is a well-documented phenomenon causing genetic discrepancies between the fetus and placenta. Although comprehensive sequencing methods are becoming popular for prenatal screening of monogenic disorders, knowledge of concordance between the fetus and early placenta at the sequence level remains limited. By deep genome sequencing, we mapped the mutational landscape across multiple sites and stages of placental development. We revealed profound mutations, with distinct clusters of postzygotic non-fetal small sequence variants, indicating extensive clonal evolution in all early placenta samples, including first-trimester CVS. Our study illuminates spatial and temporal genetic heterogeneity of the developing placenta. These findings underscore the need for awareness and caution when using placental biopsies as fetal proxy for diagnostics and emphasize the importance of confirmatory testing using amniotic fluid when placenta mosaicism is suspected.
CYR61 promotes metastasis of prostate cancer cells through the p-AKT and AR signaling pathways
Authors: Ortiz-Hernández Greisha L , Patrick Carmina , Hinz Stefan , LaBarge Mark A. , Li Yun R. , Neuhausen Susan L. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Previous studies have shown that the cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61) contributes to prostate cancer (PCa) cell growth and survival, but its role in PCa progression is unknown. As CYR61 contains an insulin-like growth factor-binding protein domain, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) signaling is associated with PCa progression and metastases, we evaluated their molecular interplay.
Methods
We performed siRNA knockdown of PCa cell lines including prostate carcinoma 3 (PC3) and lymph node carcinoma of the prostate (LNCaP) to investigate the role of CYR61 in PCa progression. Cells were evaluated for viability, proliferation, clonogenicity, aggregation, wound healing, and transwell migration. To examine the underlying mechanisms associated with CYR61 signaling, we assessed the activation of the PI3/AKT and MAPK pathways. Monolayer cultures treated with recombinant IGF1 at different time points were analyzed for CYR61 expression by in-cell western assays.
Results
Knockdown of CYR61 using siRNA significantly reduced cell proliferation, viability, prostasphere and colony formation, metabolic activity, and migration of PC3 and LNCaP cells, when compared with cells receiving scrambled control siRNA. In PC3 and LNCaP cells, CYR61 silencing inhibited the activation of the PI3/AKT pathway but did not impact the activity of MAPK pathways. In LNCaP cells, CYR61 silencing decreased levels of the androgen receptor (AR) splice variant AR-V7. We also found that recombinant IGF1 induced protein expression of CYR61 in a time-dependent manner in PC3 and LNCaP cells.
Conclusion
CYR61 expression was induced by recombinant IGF1, and knockdown of CYR61 decreased the capacity of metastatic PCa cells to proliferate. These results underscore the therapeutic potential of CYR61 inhibition in reducing the proliferation and metastatic capabilities of PCa cells.
Depressive symptoms in older adults are associated with changes in stress-related markers, functional connectivity and brain volume
Authors: Touron Edelweiss , de Flores Robin , Coulbault Laurent , Palix Cassandre , Chocat Anne , Kuhn Elizabeth , Landeau Brigitte , Mézenge Florence , Roquet Daniel , Chauveau Léa , Haudry Sacha , Vivien Denis , Sayette Vincent de La , Marchant Natalie L. , Chételat Gaël , Poisnel Géraldine 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Subclinical depressive symptoms increase the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The neurobiological mechanisms underlying this link may involve stress system dysfunction, notably related to the hippocampus which is particularly sensitive to AD. We aimed to investigate the links between blood stress markers and changes in brain regions involved in the stress response in older adults with or without subclinical depressive symptoms.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted using baseline data from the Age-Well trial. Cognitively unimpaired (CU) older adults with (DepS; n=73) or without (NoDepS; n=58) subclinical depressive symptoms (defined using the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale) were included in the analyses. Blood cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine were measured; as well as the resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) between, and gray matter (GM) volume of, the hypothalamus, hippocampus and hippocampal subfields. Blood stress markers levels and neuroimaging measures were compared between groups; then regression analyses were conducted between these measures.
RESULTS: DepS participants showed higher plasma epinephrine levels, which was associated with greater rs-FC between the CA1 and Subiculum hippocampal subfields and the hypothalamus. Lower GM volume in the CA1 and DG/CA2-3-4 subfields was also found in DepS. No between-group differences were observed for blood cortisol and norepinephrine.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that subclinical depressive symptoms are associated with increased sympatho-adrenomedullary axis activity, together with lower GM volume in a hippocampal subfield (i.e., CA1) particularly sensitive to AD. While causation cannot be inferred, these results suggest that screening and treating subclinical depressive symptoms in CU older adults could reduce AD risk.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02977819, Registration Date: 2016-11-25.
Impact of Geothermal Micro-seismic Events on the Serviceability and Comfort of Urban Structures
Authors: Kumawat Aditi , Taddei Francesca , Kao Wei-Teng , Müller Gerhard 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of low-magnitude-geothermally-induced seismic events on residential buildings, focusing on vibrational behaviour and serviceability in urban environments. Traditional building vulnerability assess ments are resource-intensive, prompting the need for more efficient approaches. The research adopts a hybrid model combining finite element (FEM) and lumped parameter models (LPM) to analyze building responses to seismic activity. Using seismic data from events in Insheim, Germany, the study examines how floor size, stiffness, and damping affect building vibrations.
Findings show that the floor dimensions significantly affect vibration magnitudes, especially at eigen-frequencies.Additionally, increased stiffness amplifies vibrations for the considered building models, while higher damping reduces them. Most structures complied with serviceability standards, though a few exceeded comfort thresholds. The research also introduces taxonomic fragility functions that assess the likelihood of exceeding defined vibration limits, thereby providing an efficient tool for engineers to determine building resilience to micro-seismic events.
ECONOMIC RESILIENCE OF G20 COUNTRIES DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND THE IMPACT OF RESILIENCE ON THEIR ECONOMIC GROWTH
Authors: Reshmi Ganguly  , Anjana Singh  
Published: October 2024

This paper is an effort to understand the aftermath of global health crisis that unleashed economic turbulence, the world over, due to COVID-19. A pandemic of such huge dimension and consequences not only caught everyone unaware but the epitome of science and medicine advancement also could not lessen the speedily advancing health hazards. All countries had to put in Herculean efforts to overcome this crisis but India being the most populous had to face a humongous task. Initially the challenge was how one can resist the economic shock and later it was how fast one can overcome the crisis. This paper compares the performance of Indian economy with some prominent G20 countries with respect to unemployment rate, growth rates, foreign direct investment and economic inequality. We compare 2019, considered as normal year with 2020, the hardest hit year due to Covid 19. We have also tried to explore the resilience index of all G20 countries, by calculating both the resistance index and the recovery index of the crisis. Finally, we explore the impact of resilience index along with household consumption expenditure, capital formation and exports on the growth rate of real Gross domestic product of G20 countries. We adopt an econometric approach, using multiple linear regression for analysis. Based on our analysis, appropriate proposals have been formulated for future course of actions that will enhance the future economic prosperity of G20 countries.
GUIDING THROUGH THE TECHNOLOGICAL ERA: UNDERSTANDING AND ADDRESSING MODERN CHALLENGES IN CHILD PSYCHOLOGY
Authors: Pooja Suram  , Mohan Kumar Suram  
Published: October 2024

Articles In an era marked by rapid technological advancements, children are navigating a complex landscape that significantly impacts their psychological development. This article delves into the multifaceted challenges faced by children in today's digital age and offers insights into addressing these issues from a psychological perspective. The pervasive presence of technology introduces novel challenges that affect children's cognitive, emotional, and social development. From excessive screen time and digital addiction to cyberbullying and online predators, children encounter various stressors that can detrimentally impact their well-being. Furthermore, the digital realm often blurs the boundaries between the virtual and real worlds, posing unique challenges for children in developing critical thinking skills and discerning between fact and fiction. Understanding these challenges is crucial for devising effective solutions. This involves fostering digital literacy skills, promoting healthy screen-time habits, and cultivating resilience to cyber-related stressors. Additionally, fostering open communication channels between children, parents, and educators can facilitate constructive dialogue and support systems to address emerging issues. Moreover, recognizing the importance of holistic development, interventions should encompass not only technological aspects but also consider broader psychosocial factors. By fostering a supportive environment that nurtures emotional intelligence, empathy, and interpersonal skills, children can develop the resilience and coping mechanisms necessary to thrive in the digital age. This article synthesizes current research findings and practical insights to offer a comprehensive understanding of the challenges faced by children in today's technologically driven society. By integrating psychological perspectives with practical strategies, this research aims to empower stakeholders in promoting the well-being and healthy development of children in the digital era.
DEEP LEARNING APPROACHES FOR MULTI-CLASS DISEASE DETECTION AND CLASSIFICATION IN RETINAL IMAGES
Authors: Dr. Mahesh Kaluti  , Aishwarya M Y  , Punya  R  , Sathvik C N  , Chandan K  R  
Published: October 2024

Many techniques are designed to increase accuracy diagnoses of diseases in retinal images such as hypertensive retinopathy. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) have been employed in various techniques to segment blood vessels in retinal images. These techniques sometimes fail to effectively segment the blood vessels of retina of eye and produce extra noise and we have with this drawback, we present a technique to detect blood vessels in retina of eye images using thousands of blocks (patches) from each of the image. This technique is on a CNN where it contains four convolutional layers followed by relu, max pooling four layers, two layers are fully connected and one layer is the softmax for segmenting blood vessels.
AN ANALYTICAL STUDY THE ROLE OF STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES IN THE CONSUMER BUYING PROCESS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY
Authors: Rameshchandra P. Parmar  , Dr. V. P. Dhandhukia  
Published: October 2024

The objective of this article is to analyze different types of decision making and use statistical models to predict consumer behavior in different situations and areas of application. We have examined and classified several case studies on consumer decision making and we have classified them thematically, as well as the underlying quantitative techniques to assess their relevance. We wanted to formulate a model based on real-time data and then the comparison data used in the model, analyze and interpret scientifically.
STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF LIFESTYLE AND CAREER DECEISION MAKING ABILITY ON THE ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE UNDER-GRADUATE STUDENTS
Authors: Dipty Shrivastava  , Dr. Nisha Shrivastava  , Dr. Pushpalata Sharma  
Published: October 2024

Students progress through their educational journey by maintaining a balance in the ever changing family, educational and social environments from primary level to higher studies. Education helps students to strengthen their intellectual power, create emotional balance, empower them morally and culturally and provides direction to their lifestyle. It also develops career awareness among the students. During college education, students start forming a clear vision towards career options. Due to their career decision making ability they make appropriate selection of subjects and they give importance to their good academic performance. This research conducted on the students studying in the first year of graduation in Durg district is related to the impact of their lifestyle and career decision making ability on their educational achievement. The study, conducted on a sample of 600 students selected from 10 colleges using a stratified random method, uses valid and reliable authentic scales of lifestyle and professional decision-making ability. On the basis of the values obtained from these scales, a 2X2 two-way ANOVA of their educational achievement was performed by dividing the students into two groups of lifestyle (high, low) and two (high, low) groups of career decision making ability. From the results of the F-test, the main effect of lifestyle and career decision-making ability on educational achievement was found to be significant, whereas their interaction effect was not found to be significant. The educational achievement of students with high lifestyle and high professional decision making ability was found to be better than the students with low lifestyle and low professional decision making ability.
ACADEMIC ANXIETY SCALE: TOOL DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION
Authors: L. Arul Suganthi Agnes  , Dr. P. Muthupandi  
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the paper was to present the process of Academic Anxiety Scale development and validation process. The scale was developed initially with qualitative enquiry followed by exploratory factor analysis, the sub constructs were identified and nomenclature was given. Confirmatory Factor Analysis had been executed for “measurement model” using SEM (AMOS Version.20.0). The value of goodness of fit indices for academic anxiety indicates model is very good fit. Cronbach‟s alpha reliability coefficients are greater than 0.7 show adequate reliability of the constructs. The Composite Reliability values are greater than 0.63. Items with Average Variance extracted (AVE) of more than 0.50 possesses convergent validity. Variance Explained (VE) value in respect of all constructs is greater than squared correlation of the construct values. Hence, it can be concluded that the research instrument possesses the desired discriminate validity. This clearly shows that the reliability of the tool is well established.
A REVIEW ON AYURVEDIC PERSPECTIVE OF CORRELATION BETWEEN HYPOTHYROIDISM AND DHATVAGNIMANDYA
Authors: Dr. Bhuvaneshwari  , Dr. Shivakumar  
Published: October 2024

Thyroid disease is a global health problem that can substantially impact well-being, WHO says that, diseases of the thyroid gland are among the most abundant endocrine disorders worldwide second to diabetes mellitus. The prevalence in men is about one sixth of that in women. Indian statistics shows that 42 million people suffer from thyroid diseases per year. Hypothyroidism may be due to diseases of thyroid gland or due to hormonal imbalance & decreased metabolism. In Ayurveda thyroid disorders can be understand with the concept of agni. According to Ayurveda, agni controls metabolism, while analysing the signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism we note the involvement of all agni, ie, Jataragni,Bhutagni and Dhatvagni, Hypofunctioning of Jataragni, Bhutagni and Dhatvagni causes symptoms such as loss of appetite, abnormal weight gain, sleepiness etc. are observed in hypothyroidism. Here an attempt is made to understand Signs and symptoms of Hypothyroidism & Dhatvagnimandya and to find out correlation between Hypothyroidism & Dhatvagnimandya an ayurvedic point of view.
Groundwater quality assessment for irrigation and drinking water: health risks from heavy metals and PAHs in the Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Ihenetu Stanley Chukwuemeka , Arinze Jude Chinweuba , Nwadiogbu Joseph Onyebuchi , Enyoh Christian Ebere 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

The mean value for the samples ranged from 0.004 to 0.24 mg/L. Cadmium, cobalt, nickel, chromium, manganese, zinc, and lead were not significant and below the permissible limit set by the World Health Organization. Based on the calculation of the water pollution index, the mean values of water samples from all sampling locations fall within 29.02–134.78, indicating poor water quality. The order of decreasing HQing and HQderm values was as follows: cobalt &gt; lead &gt; chromium &gt; cadmium &gt; manganese &gt; zinc &gt; copper &gt; nickel &gt; iron, for both children and adults, respectively. Thirteen distinct polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were detected, with mean concentrations of 0.101 ± 0.09 for sample A, 0.1010 ± 0.09 for sample B, 0.0819 ± 0.09 for sample C, 0.01735 ± 0.02 for sample D, and 0.0118 ± 0.0 for sample E. The result showed total BaPeq (mg/kg) values ranging from 0.274 for sample A, 0.280 for sample B, 0.282 for sample C, 2.64 × 10−3 for sample D, and 1.22 × 10−5 for sample E. Elevated levels of fluorene, naphthalene, and dibenzyl (a–h) anthracene were observed in all the sampled points. Irrigation quality are as follows; sodium adsorption ratio (A: 6.31, B: 4.42), magnesium adsorption ratio (B: 52.27), %Na (A: 55.61), residual sodium carbonate (B: 53.36), permeability index (A: 50.31), soluble sodium percentage (B: 52.62), and Kelly's ratio (equilibrium).