bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐assembling amphiphilic block copolymer from renewable δ‐decalactone and δ‐dodecalactone
Authors: Ferrari Raffaele , Agostini Azzurra , Brunel Lucia , Morosi Lavinia , Moscatelli Davide 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTAliphatic polyesters have many applications in the biomedical field due to their properties and facile degradation. They are commonly synthesized via ring opening polymerization (ROP) with metal‐based catalysts, but as high temperatures are needed and the products contain metal, organocatalysts are now widely adopted to polymerize them at room temperature while also ensuring short reaction times. Here, 1,7,7‐triazabicyclo[4.4.0]‐dec‐5‐ene is used to polymerize less reactive but renewably‐derived lactones, namely δ‐decalactone and δ‐dodecalactone. These monomers were chosen in the attempt of creating renewable and highly lipophilic materials for drug delivery applications as alternatives to the more traditional, but non‐renewable δ‐valerolactone and ɛ‐caprolactone. A combination of ROP and living radical polymerization Reversible Addition‐Fragmentation Chain Transfer is proposed here to synthesize grafted block copolymers. They are able to self‐assemble in water, forming micelles where the lipophilic polyester core is able to entrap a lipophilic drug, thus making the system a good candidate for drug delivery. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 3788–3797
Percutaneous thoracic duct intervention to treat plastic bronchitis related to Fontan palliation
Authors: DePopas Eric M. , Veress Livia A. , Ahmed Farres , Rausch Christopher M. , Annam Aparna , Gupta Rajan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPlastic bronchitis is a life‐threatening condition of airway obstructive cast formation. This pediatric case series from a high altitude center details the course of three patients after percutaneous thoracic duct interventions for refractory plastic bronchitis, with a follow‐up interval of 3.5 years. In two patients, where cisterna chyli maceration (patients 2) or thoracic duct embolization (patient 3) was performed, a sustained clinical improvement is shown, with no subsequent cast recurrence. In patient 1, cisterna chyli maceration resulted in partial improvement. Herein, a favorable outcome is shown in pediatric patients with percutaneous thoracic duct interventions for plastic bronchitis at altitude.
The role of respiratory tract infections and the microbiome in the development of asthma: A narrative review
Authors: van Meel Evelien R. , Jaddoe Vincent W. V. , Bønnelykke Klaus , de Jongste Johan C. , Duijts Liesbeth 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAsthma is a common disease in childhood, and might predispose for chronic obstructive respiratory morbidity in adolescence and adulthood. Various early‐life risk factors might influence the risk of wheezing, asthma, and lower lung function in childhood. Cohort studies demonstrated that lower respiratory tract infections in the first years of life are associated with an increased risk of wheezing and asthma, while the association with lung function is less clear. Additionally, the gut and airway microbiome might influence the risk of wheezing and asthma. The interaction between respiratory tract infections and the microbiome complicates studies of their associations with wheezing, asthma, and lung function. Furthermore, the causality behind these observations is still unclear, and several other factors such as genetic susceptibility and the immune system might be of importance. This review is focused on the association of early‐life respiratory tract infections and the microbiome with wheezing, asthma, and lung function, it is possible influencing factors and perspectives for future studies.
Preliminary Study of New Propellants Containing Guanidinium or Triaminoguanidinium Azotetrazolate
Authors: Szala Mateusz , Hara Marcin , Szymańczyk Leszek , Surma Zbigniew 
Published: September 2017

AbstractGuanidinium and triaminoguanidinium azotetrazolate (GUAZ, TAGAZ) were used as high‐nitrogen compounds for the preparation of new propellants bound with nitrocellulose and plasticized with dibutyl phthalate and 3‐methyl‐3‐nitroxymethyloxetane. The new propellant compositions were tested by using a differential thermal analysis‐thermogravimetric technique, friction sensitivity and impact were ascertained and pyrostatic tests were conducted. Regardless of the amount of TAGAZ and plasticizer type, the propellants exhibit similar maximum pressure of the gases which allow for the replacement of NC in propellants by TAGAZ.
Mechanical Characteristics and Thermal Decomposition Behaviors of Polytetrahydrofuran Binder with Glycerol Propoxylate (Mn=1500) as a Crosslinking Agent
Authors: Kohga Makoto 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPolytetrahydrofuran (PTHF) is an effective binder ingredient for improving propellant performance, although it is not an energetic material. PTHF becomes sufficiently rubbery for use as a binder when a triol is added as a crosslinking modifier. In this study, glycerol propoxylate (GPO), with a molecular weight of 1500, was used as a crosslinking modifier, and the curing behavior, tensile properties, and thermal decomposition behaviors of the PTHF binder with GPO were investigated. A PTHF (Mn=650)/GPO blend with a PTHF/GPO mole ratio (ξ) less than or equal to 4 and a PTHF (Mn=1400)/GPO blend with ξ≤1 were used as propellant binders. The curing behaviors and mechanical properties of the PTHF/GPO blends were influenced by the molecular weight of PTHF and ξ, while the thermal decomposition behaviors were not affected. It was found that the PTHF/GPO blends had higher initial viscosity, longer pot life, and unique mechanical properties compared to those of the PTHF blends supplemented with GPO (Mn=260).
Pharmacological hypothesis: Nitric oxide‐induced inhibition of ADAM‐17 activity as well as vesicle release can in turn prevent the production of soluble endothelin‐converting enzyme
Authors: Kuruppu Sanjaya , Rajapakse Niwanthi W. , Parkington Helena C. , Smith Ian 
Published: September 2017

AbstractEndothelin‐1 (ET‐1) and nitric oxide (NO) are two highly potent vasoactive molecules with opposing effects on the vasculature. Endothelin‐converting enzyme (ECE) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) catalyse the production of ET‐1 and NO, respectively. It is well established that these molecules play a crucial role in the initiation and progression of cardiovascular diseases and have therefore become targets of therapy. Many studies have examined the mechanism(s) by which NO regulates ET‐1 production. Expression and localization of ECE‐1 is a key factor that determines the rate of ET‐1 production. ECE‐1 can either be membrane bound or be released from the cell surface to produce a soluble form. NO has been shown to reduce the expression of both membrane‐bound and soluble ECE‐1. Several studies have examined the mechanism(s) behind NO‐mediated inhibition of ECE expression on the cell membrane. However, the precise mechanism(s) behind NO‐mediated inhibition of soluble ECE production are unknown. We hypothesize that both exogenous and endogenous NO, inhibits the production of soluble ECE‐1 by preventing its release via extracellular vesicles (e.g., exosomes), and/or by inhibiting the activity of A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease‐17 (ADAM17). If this hypothesis is proven correct in future studies, these pathways represent targets for the therapeutic manipulation of soluble ECE‐1 production.
Synthesis and structure–activity relationships of carbohydrazides and 1,3,4‐oxadiazole derivatives bearing an imidazolidine moiety against the yellow fever and dengue vector, Aedes aegypti
Authors: Tok Fatih , Kocyigit‐Kaymakcioglu Bedia , Tabanca Nurhayat , Estep Alden S , Gross Aaron D , Geldenhuys Werner J , Becnel James J , Bloomquist Jeffrey R 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBACKGROUND1,3,4‐Oxadiazole and imidazolidine rings are important heterocyclic compounds exhibiting a variety of biological activities. In this study, novel compounds with oxadiazole and imidazolidine rings were synthesized from 3‐(methylsulfonyl)‐2‐oxoimidazolidine‐1‐carbonyl chloride and screened for insecticidal activities. The proposed structures of the 17 synthesized compounds were confirmed using elemental analysis, infrared (IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR), and mass spectroscopy.RESULTSNone of the compounds showed larvicidal activity at the tested concentrations against first‐instar Aedes aegypti larvae. However, nine compounds exhibited promising adulticidal activity, with mortality rates of ≥80% at 5 µg per mosquito. Further dose–response bioassays were undertaken to determine median lethal dose (LD50) values. Compounds 1, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2 g, 3b, 3c, 3 g, and 3 h were effective, with typical LD50 values of about 5 − 10 µg per mosquito against female Ae. aegypti. Compounds 2c (bearing a nitro group on the aromatic ring; LD50 = 2.80 ± 0.54 µg per mosquito) and 3 h (double halogen groups at 2,4 position on the phenyl ring; LD50 = 2.80 ± 0.54 µg per mosquito) were the most promising compounds.CONCLUSIONPreliminary mode of action studies failed to show consistent evidence of either neurotoxic or mitochondria‐directed effects. Further chemical synthesis within this series may lead to the development of new effective insecticides. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Finite element analysis of customized implant in mandibular reconstruction after tumor resection with and without using customized surgical osteotomy guide
Authors: Dahake Sandeep , Kuthe Abhaykumar , Kulkarni Sanket , Mawale Mahesh 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this work was to compare different 12 cases (3 patients * 4 cases = 12 cases) with varying gaps between implant and bone by analyzing the effect of these gaps on implant and screws using FEM.MethodsIn each patient's case 1 using CSOG and in case 2, 3, and 4 without using CSOG tumor cutting was done. Hence in each patient zero gaps at case 1 and overcutting at case 2, 3, and 4 have obtained at different locations.ResultsFEM results reveal that in each patient's case 4 (maximum gap) was more susceptible to loosening of the screws due to higher strains (37%) and implant failure due to higher stress (28%) concentration under the same loading conditions when compared with case 1 (zero gap).ConclusionsThe study reveals that mandibular reconstruction with implant placement using CSOG can significantly enhance the stability and safety of the implant.
Concise Review: Kidney Generation with Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Morizane Ryuji , Miyoshi Tomoya , Bonventre Joseph V. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide health care problem, resulting in increased cardiovascular mortality and often leading to end-stage kidney disease, where patients require kidney replacement therapies such as hemodialysis or kidney transplantation. Loss of functional nephrons contributes to the progression of CKD, which can be attenuated but not reversed due to inability to generate new nephrons in human adult kidneys. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), by virtue of their unlimited self-renewal and ability to differentiate into cells of all three embryonic germ layers, are attractive sources for kidney regenerative therapies. Recent advances in stem cell biology have identified key signals necessary to maintain stemness of human nephron progenitor cells (NPCs) in vitro, and led to establishment of protocols to generate NPCs and nephron epithelial cells from human fetal kidneys and hPSCs. Effective production of large amounts of human NPCs and kidney organoids will facilitate elucidation of developmental and pathobiological pathways, kidney disease modeling and drug screening as well as kidney regenerative therapies. We summarize the recent studies to induce NPCs and kidney cells from hPSCs, studies of NPC expansion from mouse and human embryonic kidneys, and discuss possible approaches in vivo to regenerate kidneys with cell therapies and the development of bioengineered kidneys.
Quantifying components of the phosphorus cycle in temperate forests
Authors: Sohrt Jakob , Lang Friederike , Weiler Markus 
Published: September 2017

We review the state‐of‐the‐art of cross‐disciplinary knowledge on phosphorus (P) cycling in temperate forest ecosystems, focused at studies from hydrology, biology, biogeochemistry, soil‐, and geosciences. Changes in soil P stocks during long‐term ecosystem development are addressed briefly; the general ranges of specific P pools and P fluxes within the ecosystem and the presumed underlying processes are covered more in depth. Wherever possible, we differentiate between coniferous and deciduous forests. As the most important P pools, mineral soil, forest floor, vegetation, and microbial biomass are described in terms of pool size, molecular composition, and turnover. Litterfall, soil water seepage, atmospheric deposition, and biotic uptake as the most studied P fluxes in the forest ecosystem are discussed in detail, spotlighting biogeochemical processes relevant for mobilization and retention of P in the rooting zone. Through a meta‐analysis of available literature, we build a dataset that allows the quantification of major P‐cycle components in temperate forests in terms of range and distribution, highlighting similarities and differences between coniferous and deciduous forests. The two forest types are notably distinct in their distribution of P within compartments of the plant biomass and forest floor. The possibility to construct closed local P balances is often hindered by missing information on fluxes of dissolved and particulate P across the ecosystem boundary, be it in the atmosphere, soil, or on the surface. These fluxes are irregular in space and time and feature large overall mass fluxes but comparatively small P fluxes, making the latter one difficult to quantify.WIREs Water2017, 4:e1243. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1243This article is categorized under:Water and Life > Nature of Freshwater EcosystemsScience of Water > Water Quality
Effect of social condition on behavioral development during early adult phase in Drosophila prolongata
Authors: Matsuo Takashi 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Behavioral changes during early development provide useful insights into the internal mechanisms that generate complex behavior expressed by mature individuals. At the same time, social conditions during early adult phase can influence behavior in later stages of development even in holometabolous insects. In this study, age-dependent changes in courtship behavior and the effect of social conditions were examined in a fruit fly, Drosophila prolongata. Younger males showed lower mating activity and simpler courtship behavior. Mating activity reached a maximum level by 5 days after eclosion, whereas expression of complex courtship behavior was not yet fully developed at that time, suggesting that they are controlled by different mechanisms. When two males were maintained in the same vial, not only mating activity but also courtship complexity was reduced, demonstrating for the first time that preceding social experience, not current social conditions, influenced the complexity of male courtship. The effect of social experience was completely erased by 1 day of isolation, however, showing that social experience did not suppress or promote behavioral development itself. Rather, these results suggest that the observed effect of social experience was a plastic response of males that reduced investment in courtship effort by anticipating increased male–male competition.
Surface Tension and Adsorption Studies by Drop Profile Analysis Tensiometry
Authors: Kairaliyeva T. , Aksenenko E. V. , Mucic N. , Makievski A. V. , Fainerman V. B. , Miller Reinhard 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSurface tension and dilational viscoelasticity of solutions of various surfactants measured with bubble and drop profile analysis tensiometry are discussed. The study also includes experiments on the co‐adsorption of surfactant molecules from a solution drop and alkane molecules from saturated alkane vapor phase. Using experimental data for 12 surfactants with different surface activities, it is shown that depletion due to adsorption of surfactant from the drop bulk can be significant. An algorithm is proposed quantitatively to take into consideration the depletion effect which is required for a correct description of the co‐adsorption of alkanes on the solution drop surface and the correct analysis of experimental dynamic surface tension data to determine the adsorption mechanism. Bubble and drop profile analysis tensiometry is also the method of choice for measuring the dilational viscoelasticity of the adsorbed interfacial layer. The same elasticity moduli are obtained with the bubble and drop method only when the equilibrium surface pressures are sufficiently small (Π < 15 mN m−1). When the surface pressure for a surfactant solution is larger than this value, the viscoelasticity moduli determined from drop profile experiments become significantly larger than those obtained from bubble profile measurements.
EPR Oximetry Sensor—Developing a TAM Derivative for In Vivo Studies
Authors: Boś-Liedke Agnieszka , Walawender Magdalena , Woźniak Anna , Flak Dorota , Gapiński Jacek , Jurga Stefan , Kucińska Małgorzata , Plewiński Adam , Murias Marek , Elewa Marwa , Lampp Lisa , Imming Peter , Tadyszak Krzysztof 
Published: September 2017

AbstractOxygenation is one of the most important physiological parameters of biological systems. Low oxygen concentration (hypoxia) is associated with various pathophysiological processes in different organs. Hypoxia is of special importance in tumor therapy, causing poor response to treatment. Triaryl methyl (TAM) derivative radicals are commonly used in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) as sensors for quantitative spatial tissue oxygen mapping. They are also known as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents and fluorescence imaging compounds. We report the properties of the TAM radical tris(2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-carboxy-phenyl)methyl, (PTMTC), a potential multimodal (EPR/fluorescence) marker. PTMTC was spectrally analyzed using EPR and characterized by estimation of its sensitivity to the oxygen in liquid environment suitable for intravenous injection (1 mM PBS, pH = 7.4). Further, fluorescent emission of the radical was measured using the same solvent and its quantum yield was estimated. An in vitro cytotoxicity examination was conducted in two cancer cell lines, HT-29 (colorectal adenocarcinoma) and FaDu (squamous cell carcinoma) and followed by uptake studies. The stability of the radical in different solutions (PBS pH = 7.4, cell media used for HT-29 and FaDu cells culturing and cytotoxicity procedure, full rat blood and blood plasma) was determined. Finally, a primary toxicity test of PTMTC was carried out in mice. Results of spectral studies confirmed the multimodal properties of PTMTC. PTMTC was demonstrated to be not absorbed by cancer cells and did not interfere with luciferin-luciferase based assays. Also in vitro and in vivo tests showed that it was non-toxic and can be freely administrated till doses of 250 mg/kg BW via both i.v. and i.p. injections. This work illustrated that PTMTC is a perfect candidate for multimodal (EPR/fluorescence) contrast agent in preclinical studies.
Specific protein biomarker patterns for Alzheimer’s disease: improved diagnostics in progress
Authors: Gozes Illana 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This short review looks at Alzheimer’s disease (AD) diagnosis through my own point of view, going from imaging through cerebrospinal fluid to blood proteins. Over the last couple of years, we have published two papers targeted at Alzheimer’s diagnosis. In one paper, we took an approach of selecting a specific target, namely, activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP), and our results tightened the association of ADNP blood expression with intelligence. In another paper, we took an unbiased approach of analysis of all genes expressed in lymphoblastoid cells lines and discovered changes in expression of the regulator of G-protein signaling 2 (RGS2) as a potential AD predictor. This review will assess our data in comparison to selected independent studies focusing on blood protein biomarkers as well as assessing saliva and urine samples with potential predictive value for AD. Furthermore, the review will provide directions for a combination of innovative markers, stratifying the population toward disease prevention and personalized medicine.
Steering Against Wind: A New Network of NamiRNAs and Enhancers
Authors: Liang Ying , Zou Qingping , Yu Wenqiang 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous non-coding RNAs with regulatory functions. Traditionally, miRNAs are thought to play a negative regulatory role in the cytoplasm by binding to the 3′UTR of target genes to degrade mRNA or inhibit translation. However, it remains a challenge to interpret the potential function of many miRNAs located in the nucleus. Recently, we reported a new type of miRNAs present in the nucleus, which can activate gene expression by binding to the enhancer, and named them nuclear activating miRNAs (NamiRNAs). The discovery of NamiRNAs showcases a complementary regulatory mechanism of miRNA, demonstrating their differential roles in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Here, we reviewed miRNAs in nucleus to better understand the function of NamiRNAs in their interactions with the enhancers. Accordingly, we propose a NamiRNA–enhancer–target gene activation network model to better understand the crosstalk between NamiRNAs and enhancers in regulating gene transcription. Moreover, we hypothesize that NamiRNAs may be involved in cell identity or cell fate determination during development, although further study is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms in detail.
Characteristics of meltwater export from Jakobshavn Isbræ and Ilulissat Icefjord
Authors: Beaird Nicholas , Straneo Fiammetta , Jenkins William 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
Jakobshavn Isbræ, which terminates in Ilulissat Icefjord, has undergone rapid retreat and is currently the largest contributor to ice-sheet mass loss among Greenland's marine terminating glaciers. Accelerating mass loss is increasing fresh water discharge to the ocean, which can feed back on ice melt, impact marine ecosystems and potentially modify regional and larger scale ocean circulation. Here we present hydrographic observations, including inert geochemical tracers, that allow the first quantitative description of the glacially-modified waters exported from the Jakobshavn/Icefjord system. Observations within the fjord suggest a deep-reaching overturning cell driven by glacial buoyancy forcing. Modified waters containing submarine meltwater (up to 2.5 ± 0.12%), subglacial discharge (up to 6 ± 0.37%) and large portions of entrained ocean waters are seen to exit the fjord and flow north. The exported meltwaters form a buoyant coastal gravity current reaching to 100 m depth and extending 10 km offshore.