bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vanhustyöntekijöiden teknologiaan liittämät tunteet – avovastausten analysoiminen tekoälypohjaisen klusteroinnin keinoin
Authors: Toivanen Ida , Lampi Anna , Sihto Tiina , Oinas Tomi , Taipale Sakari 
Published: September 2024

Sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon työn teknologisoituminen on edennyt viime vuosina ripeästi. Käytetty teknologia herättää työntekijöissä tunteita, jotka vaikuttavat niin työnteon sujuvuuteen kuin asiakaskohtaamisiinkin. Tässä artikkelissa tavoitteenamme on tarkastella vanhustyöntekijöiden teknologiaan liittämiä tunteita erityisen menetelmällisen kokeilun avulla. Tutkimuskysymyksemme ovat: 1) Miten luonnollisella kielellä kuvattuja vanhushoivan työntekijöiden teknologiaan liittämiä tunnekokemuksia voidaan ryhmitellä tekoälypohjaisella klusteroinnilla? 2) Millaisia hyötyjä tekoälypohjaisella klusteroinnilla on sosiaalilääketieteelliselle tutkimukselle? Aineistona käytämme Jyväskylän yliopiston vuosina 2019 (N=6903) ja 2021 (N=1679) vanhuspalveluiden työntekijöiltä sähköisellä kyselylomakkeella keräämää paneeliaineistoa ja erityisesti sen teknologiaan liitettyjä tunteita koskevaa avokysymystä. Sovellamme avovastausaineistoon (N=3806) transformer-mallilla pohjustettua k-keskiarvoklusterointia ja visualisoimme tuloksia sana- ja hajontapilvillä. Useiden kokeilujen jälkeen päädyimme kahdeksan klusterin malliin. Klusterit kertovat sekä aineiston rakenteesta että vanhustyöntekijöiden tavoista vastata tunteita koskeviin avokysymyksiin. Omiksi ryppäikseen erottuivat positiiviset, negatiiviset, neutraalit sekä ristiriitaiset vastaukset. Lisäksi analyysistä erottuivat vastausryppäät, joissa tunnekokemukset yhdistettiin vanhustyön tiettyihin piirteisiin ja käytäntöihin. Tulokset osoittavat, että menetelmän käyttömahdollisuudet sosiaalilääketieteelliselle tutkimukselle ovat laajat. Menetelmä voi auttaa hahmottamaan huonosti tunnettuja ilmiötä sekä kehittämään niihin strukturoituja mittareita. Transformer-pohjainen ohjaamattoman oppimisen menetelmä soveltuu laajasti myös muunlaisten luonnolliseen kieleen perustuvien aineistojen, kuten asiakas- ja potilaskertomusten, analysointiin sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon alalla eikä pienten suomenkielisten tekstiaineistojenkaan käsittely muodostu ongelmaksi. Tämän tutkimuksen tulokset ovat sovellettavissa myös käytännön kehitystyöhön, kun teknologioita otetaan käyttöön ja kehitetään vanhustyön kentällä.
Utilisation des déterminants du vieillissement en bonne santé pour guider le choix des prescriptions sociales pour les aînés
Authors: Mansell Beth , Summach Anne , Molen Samantha , O’Rourke Tammy 
Published: September 2024

Résumé

L’âge de la population canadienne augmente, ce qui nécessite l’utilisation de méthodes et d’outils innovants pour évaluer les besoins des aînés et cerner les pratiques efficaces en matière de prescription sociale et de soins de santé. En Alberta, un organisme communautaire de services aux aînés a entrepris d’élaborer et de tester l’indice des ressources pour un vieillissement en bonne santé (Healthy Aging Asset Index, HAAI), un outil d’évaluation et un guide de prescription sociale utilisable par divers de professionnels au sein de la collectivité. L’outil a été élaboré pour l’évaluation du degré de complexité médicale des cas et pour la pratique du travail social. Il respecte les déterminants du vieillissement en bonne santé du Cadre du vieillissement en bonne santé (Healthy Aging Framework) de l’Alberta, lui-même fondé sur les déterminants du vieillissement en bonne santé de l’Organisation mondiale de la santé. Les résultats du projet pilote montrent que les aînés ont présenté une amélioration de leurs capacités fonctionnelles en lien avec ces déterminants au fil du temps grâce au soutien qu’ils ont obtenu pour surmonter leurs vulnérabilités. L’adoption d’outils comme le HAAI peut favoriser la cohésion des services de soutien offerts aux aînés dans l’ensemble du continuum de soins et pourrait réduire la pression exercée sur le système de santé en permettant d’offrir certains soins au sein de la collectivité, améliorant ainsi la capacité des systèmes de santé et du gouvernement à répondre aux besoins des aînés du Canada.
Keefektifan Ekstrak Metanol Daun dan Biji Kemangi (Ocimum basilicum Sims) dalam Mengendalikan Hama Kutukebul (Bemisia tabaci Genn) pada Tanaman Tomat
Authors: Sudarjat Sudarjat , Zahra Maghfira Az , Djaya Luciana 
Published: September 2024

Kutukebul (Bemisia tabaci Genn)0merupakan salah satu0hama yang mengganggu produksi tanaman tomat. Saat ini sudah banyak tumbuhan yang0dapat dijadikan ekstrak pestisida nabati untuk mengendalikan serangga hama di antaranya adalah0tanaman kemangi (Ocimum basillicum Sims). Tanaman kemangi mengandung senyawa saponin, eugenol, tannin, dan flavonoid terutama pada bagian daun dan bijinya. Percobaan ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan0konsentrasi ekstrak0metanol daun dan biji kemangi yang tepat dalam menekan0populasi B. tabaci pada tanaman tomat. Percobaan0ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Pestisida dan Toksikologi Lingkungan dan rumah kaca0Ciparanje Fakultas Pertanian Universitas0Padjadjaran pada bulan Maret hingga Agustus 2023. Penelitian ini0menggunakan metode percobaan0Rancangan Acak0Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri atas sembilan perlakuan ekstrak metanol dan0tiga kali ulangan, yakni P1 (kontrol), P2 (3,8 g/l daun kemangi), P3 (8,3 g/l daun kemangi), P4 (16,7 g/l daun kemangi), P5 (25,1 g/l daun kemangi), P6 (4,1 g/l biji kemangi), P7 (9,1 g/l biji kemangi), P8 (18,3 g/l biji kemangi), dan P9 (27,4 g/l biji kemangi). Berdasarkan hasil pengujian toksisitas didapatkan nilai LC₅₀ dan LC₉₅ ekstrak metanol daun kemangi secara berurutan sebesar 3,8 g/l dan 8,3 g/l, sedangkan LC₅₀ dan LC₉₅ ekstrak metanol biji kemangi secara berurutan sebesar 4,1 g/l dan 9,1 g/l. Hasil0penelitian menujukkan ekstrak1metanol daun dan biji kemangi masing-masing pada konsentrasi terendah yaitu 3,8 g/l ekstrak methanol daun kemangi dan 4,1 g/l ekstrak methanol biji kemangi mampu menekan kepadatan populasi B. tabaci pada tanaman tomat. Aplikasi025,1 g/l ekstrak metanol daun kemangi dan 27,4 g/l ekstrak metanol biji kemangi merupakan perlakuan yang paling tinggi penekanannya dalam mengendalikan B.tabaci.
The presence of Plato and the spectrum of Schopenhauer in Nietzsche’s lectures, On the Future of Our Educational Institutions
Authors: Quérini Nicolas 
Published: September 2024

Nos hemos propuesto aquí resaltar dos referencias que subyacen al argumento de Nietzsche en su conferencia Sobre el futuro de nuestras instituciones educativas. El filósofocomparte con Platón y Schopenhauer una aristocracia natural del espíritu, es decir, la idea de que la naturaleza es tacaña en la producción de genios. En estas condiciones, es comprensibleque se sienta «asustado» por la «democratización» de la universidad que está presenciando. Mostramos, sin embargo, que enfrenta a Platón con Schopenhauer, pero no sigue al filósofo griego hasta el final. En primer lugar, Nietzsche destaca que lejos de creer que la universidad y la cultura deben estar al servicio del Estado, es el Estado el que debe estar al servicio de la Bildung, y es lo que surgiría del modelo platónico. Sostenemos que hay una especie de vacilación por parte de Nietzsche, que se pregunta si la institución todavía puede crear Bildung o si no es fuera donde debería buscarse y construirse, en cuyo caso estamos más cerca de Schopenhauer.
Elderly Cruelty: What is the Role of the Caregiver?
Authors: Lucena Hérika Juliana de Araújo , Ribeiro Júnior Francisco José Pascoal 
Published: September 2024

Objective: The objective of this study is to identify studies on the prevalence of abuse in the elderly and to estimate the profile of the caregiver of the elderly and the possible reasons that lead them to present a relationship of mistreatment towards the elderly.

Theoretical Framework: Population aging is a global phenomenon that has led to an increase in the demand for long-term care for the elderly. In this context, the role of the caregiver, whether formal or informal, becomes crucial for the well-being of this population.

Method: Systematic review of population-based studies in electronic databases (PubMed and LILACS), covering the last 15 years. Population-based studies were included and studies without a defined methodological definition were excluded.
Results and Discussion: Thirty-eight articles were found, but only 13 articles were selected. The prevalence studies found coefficients of mistreatment, with physical abuse between 1.2% and 18%. The overload of daily primary care and the lack of careful assessment and subsequent appropriate treatment of the caregiver appear to be related to this relationship of mistreatment.

Research Implications: The research may influence the formulation and implementation of public policies aimed at protecting the elderly from abuse. This includes the creation of training programs for caregivers and the strengthening of legislation that protects the elderly.

Originality/Value: Although there are several studies on mistreatment of the elderly, the originality of this research lies in its specific approach to the role of caregivers, both formal and informal, in the occurrence or prevention of such mistreatment.
Investigating Secant Varieties
Authors: Luo Tony , Zwanziger Bernd 
Published: September 2024

A variety is a geometric object that locally looks like the set of points that are the solutions of some polynomial equations. Any given variety gives rise to a sequence of secant varieties indexed by the nonnegative integers. The kth secant variety is the union of all planes spanned by k+1 points on the original variety. Like vector spaces in linear algebra, varieties have an intrinsic dimension. A naive parameter count produces an upper bound on the dimension of the kth secant variety called its expected dimension. A secant variety is called defective if its actual dimension is less than its expected dimension. Despite being well understood in a few interesting cases, the classification of varieties with defective secant varieties in general remains far from complete. For a specific class of varieties called smooth toric varieties, our goal is to determine which ones admit defective secant varieties. Using the computer algebra system Macaulay2, we conducted experiments on this class of varieties and collected data on defectiveness, focusing on varieties of low dimension and Picard rank. Toric varieties have strong connections to combinatorics and convex polytopes; for any toric variety, there is a corresponding polytope that contains data about the variety. From the polytope, we are able to construct a particular kind of matrix that encodes information about the variety and its secants, which allowed us to prove defectivity for various Picard rank 2 toric varieties. Conversely, applying results from a paper by Laface–Massarenti–Rischter (2022) to the polytopes, we were able to prove non-defectivity of all secant varieties of certain toric surfaces with Picard rank 2. These statements together yield a classification of defective secant varieties for a subset of 2-dimensional smooth toric varieties with Picard rank 2.
Characterization and Optimization of Biocatalysts for New Recycling Technologies
Authors: Conacher Kate 
Published: September 2024

While the term “plastic” refers to a variety of chemically distinct compounds, these materials are all prized for one key property: incredible chemical stability. Consequently, plastics have become a crutch for modern society, both industrially and at-home. However, mechanical recycling initiatives have proven largely ineffective and uneconomical, which has led to a widespread accumulation of plastics and microplastics in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The limitations of physical recycling have increased interest in alternative protocols like chemical recycling methods. This project explores an intriguing biochemical approach which involves enzymes that can catalyze the degradation of specific synthetic polymers.
This study investigates five novel nylon-degrading enzymes, previously isolated from thermostable organisms. The primary objective of this research is to develop and refine procedures for the expression and purification of these nylonases. The enzymes were overexpressed in Escherichia coli hosts and subsequently purified using advanced chromatographic techniques, including Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography (FPLC) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC).
The optimization of these purification procedures is critical, as it ensures that subsequent assays are conducted with highly purified enzyme samples, while minimizing contaminants and improving sample yield. Future research directions will involve a detailed mechanistic examination of the enzymatic autocleavage and the nylon degradation. An additional goal aims to crystallize the proteins to analyze their active sites. This comprehensive approach is expected to advance our understanding of enzymatic plastic degradation and contribute to the development of more effective recycling technologies.
Exploring Genre-Specific Thought Patterns Through Real-Time Experience Sampling of Movie Clips
Authors: Ketcheson Samuel , Greenstein Shira 
Published: September 2024

Understanding cognition during media consumption is crucial to understanding how individuals process complex stimuli in everyday life. This study employed multi-dimensional Experience Sampling (mDES) to capture real-time thoughts as participants viewed 2-3 minute movie clips across various genres. By utilizing movie clips, this study bridges real-world scenarios with the control of a laboratory setting; revealing how different movie genres uniquely shape thought patterns.
I conducted Principal Component Analysis to identify the underlying structure of participants' thoughts. The analysis revealed four distinct thought components, named based on their loading structure: (1) Narrative Comprehension, (2) Episodic Knowledge, (3) Intrusive Distraction, and (4) Sensory Engagement, replicating components found in earlier mDES movie-watching studies (Konu et al., 2021; Wallace et al., 2024). To examine how subjects’ thoughts differed based on the genre of the movie clip, I conducted a series of linear mixed models comparing component scores for each component across genres. The analysis indicated certain thought patterns differed by genre. In Intrusive Distraction, Comedy clips scored significantly lower than Drama clips (p <.001), Romantic Comedy clips (p = .007), and clips of an unspecified genre (other) (p = .010). In Episodic Knowledge, Thriller clips scored significantly lower than Action clips (p = .002), Comedy clips (p <.001), Drama clips (p <.001), Family clips (p <.001), and Romantic Comedy clips (p <.001).
Altogether, this study replicates the component structure found in earlier movie watching mDES studies, showing consistency across samples. Additionally, this study makes a significant contribution to the field of ongoing thought research by being the first to empirically establish that individuals’ internal experiences systematically differ based on movie genre. These findings suggest researchers should consider genre-specific influences when designing future movie-based tasks in psychology and neuroimaging studies. However, the small sample size (N=15) warrants caution; larger studies are needed for improved reliability and validity.
Discourses of Hate
Authors: Madden Benjamin 
Published: September 2024

Since the COVID-19 pandemic, the global North has seen a drastic increase in usage of platform apps’ services. Platforms such as Uber, Lyft, DoorDash, and Deliveroo have become staples that connect consumers directly to workers on standby, ready to be activated at a moment’s notice to rideshare or deliver food orders. These companies offer low barriers of entry and flexible work hours, which is the ideal situation for many migrants looking for work. The scope of this research aims to build an understanding of the intersection between the rise of the far-right and the anti-immigration rhetoric in Canada and the EU that influences the hate faced by racialized migrants working highly visible gig jobs in the platform economy.
By examining academic articles, news reports, and social media communications of far-right groups a major theme is apparent. The online rhetoric of the far-right can be categorized through its usage of fear and hate against racialized migrants. Migrants have been depicted as sexual threats to women, economic threats to workers, and an overall threat to the white population through demographic replacement. This conspiracy theory, known as the ‘Great Replacement’, found its way into the discursive attempts of far-right groups and political parties (ex. Chega - Portugal; VOX - Spain) to promote anti-immigration and violence against migrants. The threat that this rhetoric poses to racialized migrant workers has yet to be fully explored, and despite passing mention in a few academic articles, the violence faced by workers in the platform economy is not common in the literature, even more so in regards to its intersection with race based hate. This gap brings further questions concerning alliances among workers, advocacy groups, and trade unions based along the lines of ethnic, racial, and gendered differences to combat the growth of support for the far-right.
With reasonable speculation, this research contends that far-right rhetoric and violence will continue to be targeted at racialized migrants in visible spaces and jobs, such as those in the gig economy which requires further labour solidarity and activism to aid migrants in vulnerable situations.
Histone H3-K27 and H3-K9 methylation does not predict lifespan in divergent populations of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: DeBellefeuille Cameron 
Published: September 2024

A universal theory of aging remains elusive despite decades of research. Traditional gerontological research has focused on genetic alterations as the driving unit of the aging processes. Recent breakthroughs in cellular reprogramming, transgenerational epigenetic inheritance, and molecular aging clocks have motivated theories proposing that the disruption of epigenetic regulation is the proximal cause of aging. The claim that aging is fundamentally an epigenetic process, however, is largely based on studies using clonal cell populations and genetically identical organisms. Consequently, there has been limited experimental evidence demonstrating the correlation between epigenetic differences and longevity differences among genetically diverse populations. To address this gap in literature we leveraged laboratory populations of the model organism Drosophila melanogaster. Using sister populations with evolved differences in longevity after more than 1 500 generations of divergent life history selection, we measured the methylation at the H3K27 and H3K9 sites which have previously been shown to become dysregulated with age. Here we report that there were no differences in the amount of H3K27me3 or H3K9me2 between 3 replicate population pairs of the divergent lines. These results do not support that epigenetic dysregulation is the underlying cause of aging. Future studies investigating additional indicators of epigenetic dysregulation are required to clarify the role of epigenetics in aging.
Differing standards in regulating off campus speech
Authors: Anwar Wardah 
Published: September 2024

With the growth of the internet and social media, students are increasingly using online platforms as public forums of communication. This communication occasionally impacts the school environment which has created a new realm of regulation for school authorities. Traditionally, the authority of school administrators’ stopped at the school yard gates. However, the age of social media has prompted reforms in legislation and brought forth novel case law. Ontario’s Education Act currently sets out the test to determine when school administrators can exercise their authority off school grounds: in circumstances “where engaging in the activity will have an impact on the school climate.”[1] In the US, the landmark Tinker case set out a different test: school administrators may only exercise their authority against student speech when the speech causes a “substantial disruption or material interference with school activities.”[2] This standard was affirmed to apply to off-campus speech in the Mahanoy case.[3] The standard in the US is markedly elevated compared to Ontario’s, requiring a more substantial impact on the school climate. This difference raises two important questions: how can this difference be explained and is one standard more fitting than the other?
[1] Education Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. E.2, s. 306(1) [rep & sub. 2007, c. 14, s. 4; am. 2017, c. 26, Sched. 1, s. 30(3), (4); 2020, c. 18, Sched. 5, s. 8]. (emphasis added)
[2] Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District, 393 U.S. 503. (emphasis added)
[3] Mahanoy Area School District v. B.L., 594 U.S. 180.
Leveraging Large Language Models for Automating Inductive Qualitative Coding: A Comparative Study of Prompt Engineering Techniques
Authors: Frigui Elias 
Published: September 2024

This study explores the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs), like those from the GPT family, to automate inductive qualitative coding—a process of assigning codes to text excerpts and organizing them into categories, traditionally done manually in social science and software engineering research. Our primary question is: Can LLMs effectively automate inductive qualitative coding?
To investigate this, we compared different prompt engineering techniques, including Zero-shot, Few-shot, and Chain-of-Thought (CoT) learning, in coding interview transcripts. While LLMs cannot fully replace human coders, they can aid the process with a human-in-the-loop approach. Few-shot learning showed consistent performance with moderate amounts data, while CoT proved most effective in reducing partial hallucinations.
Initially aimed at full automation, our study pivoted to testing prompt strategies after realizing that a human-in-the-loop process would offer better accuracy and flexibility, given the challenges of context and token limits in LLMs. These findings suggest that tailored LLM with adequate prompting techniques can help assist researchers when performing qualitative analysis.