bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of Islamic housing finance models and issues
Authors: Baber Hasnan 
Published: April 2017

PurposeThis paper aims to provide comprehensive review of Islamic housing finance models. The paper provides detailed mechanism and solution to contemporary issues of these models..
Design/methodology/approachThis paper is conceptual in nature. Based on an extensive study of literature, this paper explains working of two Islamic models al-Bay’ Bithaman Ajil (BBA) and the Musharakah Mutanaqisah (MM) with hypothetical examples.
FindingsIt was revealed in the study that BBA is just convergence of conventional housing finance and does not fall in line with shariah regulations. MM approach is a relative new concept and strictly following shariah guidelines. MM approach is based on welfare for all rather than profit for few. There were some issues spotted with MM model when implemented on the ground, and hence this study came up with solution to such issues.
Research limitations/implicationsThis paper cannot be tested until the models are practically applied. This MM contract is new and will take some time to be accepted by customers, but its reliability promises it..
Originality/valueThis study is original and new, as it finds BBA not permissible which no other study has concluded so far. Also issues in these models, and their solutions were studied first time.
The effect of cataract surgery and IOL implantation on the magnification of a fundus photograph: a pilot study
Authors: Knaapi Laura , Lehtonen Tuomo , Vesti Eija 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPurposeThe goal was to determine the effect of cataract surgery‐induced change in ametropia and anterior chamber depth on the magnification of a fundus photograph.MethodsFundus photographs were taken from 11 subjects undergoing cataract surgery and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation before and after surgery with a telecentric Zeiss and Topcon fundus cameras. The distance between two distinct fundus landmarks, i.e. two crossings of retinal vessels, was measured before and after surgery, and the results were compared to axial length and surgery‐induced change in ametropia and anterior chamber depth. In addition, the change in the conversion factor of Topcon fundus camera was calculated and its correlation to axial length, change in ametropia and anterior chamber depth was analysed. Further, the change in the mathematical location of P′, i.e. the second principal point of the eye in the formula of Bennett et al. (1994), was calculated.ResultsCataract surgery and IOL implantation did not significantly influence the magnification of a fundus photograph taken with a telecentric Zeiss or Topcon fundus camera even when ametropia changed markedly. Axial length and anterior chamber depth did not correlate with change in the magnification of a fundus photograph. The average change in the mathematical location P′ due to surgery was −39.4%, SD 0.33.ConclusionFundus photographs taken with a telecentric Zeiss or Topcon fundus camera can be reliably used to follow the size of fundus landmarks even if ametropia and anterior chamber depth are changed after cataract surgery and IOL implantation.
Using a standardised protocol was effective in reducing hospitalisation and treatment use in children with newly diagnosed immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Labrosse R , Vincent M , Nguyen U‐P , Chartrand C , Di Liddo L , Pastore Y 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimChildhood immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) has been associated with low bleeding rates and a high frequency of spontaneous remission. Although current guidelines suggest that most patients are just observed, children still receive platelet‐enhancing therapies for fear of bleeding complications. We hypothesised that a standardised protocol with a step‐down approach would reduce hospitalisation and treatment use.MethodA retrospective chart review was performed on patients diagnosed with acute ITP between January 2010 and December 2014, before (n = 54) and after (n = 37) the standardised protocol, which was introduced in January 2013. Management and events during the first 3 months following diagnosis were recorded.ResultsThe protocol resulted in a 34% decrease in the hospitalisation rate (p < 0.001) at diagnosis. Prednisone treatment duration at diagnosis was also significantly reduced (13.1 versus 5.8 days, p = 0.004). Children over 3 years of age were 3.8 times less likely to be hospitalised (95% CI 1.94–7.61) and 2.3 times less likely to receive treatment (95% CI 1.2–4.3). There was no difference in the rate of persistent ITP (38% versus 30%, p = 0.43) or serious bleeding complications (7% versus 5%, p = 0.70).ConclusionOur ITP management protocol significantly reduced hospitalisation rates and length of prednisone treatment without any increase in disease complications.
Do antiepileptic drugs increase the risk of infectious diseases? A meta‐analysis of placebo‐controlled studies
Authors: Zaccara Gaetano , Giovannelli Fabio , Giorgi Filippo Sean , Franco Valentina , Gasparini Sara , Tacconi Francesco Mandò 
Published: April 2017

AimsExperimental studies show that some antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) may modify natural immune defences, thus influencing the risk of developing infectious diseases. The aim of this meta‐analysis was to explore whether AEDs as a class of drugs or singularly may increase risk of infectious diseases.MethodsA meta‐analysis of all randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trials (RCTs) investigating any AED in any condition was performed. All terms that could be coded in the System Organ Classes (SOCs) of infections and infestations using the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities were recorded. Additional subanalyses were performed also pooling together AEDs sharing similar mechanisms of action.ResultsTwo hundreds and sixty‐nine double‐blind, placebo‐controlled studies were identified and, among them, 127 RCTs with 16 AEDs (brivaracetam, gabapentin, lacosamide, levetiracetam, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, perampanel, pregabalin, phenytoin, remacemide, retigabine, rufinamide, tiagabine, topiramate, valproate, zonisamide) reported at least one of 19 symptoms or diseases that could be included in the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities SOC term infections and infestations. These terms were singularly recorded and then pooled together in the SOC term infection and infestation. Topiramate was significantly associated with an increased risk of infection (risk difference = 0.04; 95% confidence interval = 0.01/0.06), while oxcarbazepine was significantly associated with a lower risk (–0.005; –0.09/–0.01). Risk difference of all studies with all AEDs showed a slight, but significantly increased risk of infection (0.01; 0.00/0.002). Levetiracetam and brivaracetam RCTs, when pooled together, were associated with a significantly increased risk of infection (0.03; 0.01/0.05).ConclusionsSome AEDs are associated with a mild increased risk of infection.
Long‐term sexual health outcomes in men with classic bladder exstrophy
Authors: Baumgartner Timothy S. , Lue Kathy M. , Sirisreetreerux Pokket , Metzger Sarita , Everett Ross G. , Reddy Sunil S. , Young Ezekiel , Anele Uzoma A. , Alexander Cameron E. , Gandhi Nilay M. , Di Carlo Heather N. , Gearhart John P. 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesTo identify the long‐term sexual health outcomes and relationships in men born with classic bladder exstrophy (CBE).Materials and MethodsA prospectively maintained institutional database comprising 1248 patients with exstrophy‐epispadias was used. Men aged ≥18 years with CBE were included in the study. A 42‐question survey was designed using a combination of demographic information and previously validated questionnaires.ResultsA total of 215 men met the inclusion criteria, of whom 113 (53%) completed the questionnaire. The mean age of the respondents was 32 years. Ninety‐six (85%) of the respondents had been sexually active in their lifetime, and 66 of these (58%) were moderately to very satisfied with their sex life. The average Sexual Health Inventory for Men score was 19.8. All aspects of assessment using the Penile Perception Score questionnaire were on average between ‘very dissatisfied’ and ‘satisfied’. Thirty‐two respondents (28%) had attempted to conceive with their partner. Twenty‐three (20%) were successful in conceiving, while 31 (27%) reported a confirmed fertility problem. A total of 31 respondents (27%) reported undergoing a semen analysis or post‐ejaculatory urine analysis. Of these, only four respondents reported azoospermia.ConclusionPatients with CBE have many of the same sexual and relationship successes and concerns as the general population. This is invaluable information to give to both the parents of boys with CBE, and to the boys themselves as they transition to adulthood.
A qualitative exploration of the experiences of patients with breast cancer receiving outpatient‐based chemotherapy
Authors: Lai Xiao Bin , Ching Shirley Siu Yin , Wong Frances Kam Yuet 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to understand the experiences of patients with breast cancer and their involvement during outpatient‐based chemotherapy in Hong Kong.BackgroundThe outcome evaluation using a mixed‐methods approach is not common in interventional studies of nurse‐led chemotherapy care programmes. A qualitative approach could provide a deep understanding of the experiences of patients.DesignA qualitative study was conducted.MethodsThis is part of a randomized controlled trial of a nurse‐led care programme (NCT02228200). Individual interviews were conducted in 2013 with 10 patients with breast cancer after they had completed the chemotherapy. Qualitative content analysis was adopted to analyse the interviews.FindingsChemotherapy affected the patients in different ways. Some participants completed the chemotherapy treatment smoothly with minimum side effects, while others encountered many problems during the treatment, which had a great impact on their lives. Guided by their coping attitudes, which were affected by the Chinese culture, most participants adopted behavioural, social, cognitive and emotional strategies to actively cope with the chemotherapy. A few tolerated the treatment passively. Some thought that the process of undergoing chemotherapy was physically bearable, while some equated it with suffering. Others regarded it as a chance to get a new start.ConclusionThe experience of patients with breast cancer during chemotherapy can be likened to that of going on a hike. They reach the peak through different paths and bear different burdens. Yet, they have to go through until the end, regardless of how much of a burden they bear and how they achieve the peak.
Role of vitamin D in energy and bone metabolism in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A 6‐month follow‐up evaluation
Authors: Ogata Makiko , Iwasaki Naoko , Ide Risa , Takizawa Miho , Tanaka Mizuho , Tetsuo Tamaki , Sato Asako , Uchigata Yasuko 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAims/IntroductionResting energy expenditure was associated with a serum bone turnover marker in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes (T2DMPW) in the present cross‐sectional study. To clarify the fundamental pathological factor for the correlation of bone metabolism and basal metabolism in type 2 diabetes, a 6‐month prospective follow‐up study was carried out with supplementation of vitamin D.Materials and MethodsA total of 44 T2DMPW were enrolled. The following factors were evaluated at the beginning and the end of the summer: procollagen type 1 N‐terminal propeptide, carboxy‐terminal collagen crosslinks‐1, intact parathyroid hormone and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D), as well as diabetic complications, body composition, respiratory quotient and resting energy expenditure. A total of 23 patients with low 25(OH)D levels (˂20 ng/mL) were instructed to increase vitamin D levels by lifestyle change. Among them, 15 patients with osteoporosis were also administered alfacalcidol.ResultsSerum 25(OH)D increased in 25 patients and decreased in 19 patients. Patients who did not receive the study intervention at the start tended to have a decreased 2525(OH)D level; therefore, the average 25(OH)D level of all patients was not changed. Changes in resting energy expenditure were positively correlated with those of procollagen type 1 N‐terminal propeptide/carboxy‐terminal collagen crosslinks‐1. Changes in the respiratory quotient correlated with the mean glycated hemoglobin levels; procollagen type 1 N‐terminal propeptide levels positively correlated with serum 25(OH)D after the intervention. These correlations were prominent in patients with increased 25(OH)D and those with alfacalcidol supplementation.ConclusionsRestoration of vitamin D level might be a prerequisite for a normal correlation between bone and basal metabolism in T2DMPW. Lifestyle intervention for retention of vitamin D level is important even in summer, in T2DMPW.
Increasing acetyl‐CoA metabolism attenuates injury and alters spinal cord lipid content in mice subjected to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Chevalier Amber C. , Rosenberger Thad A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAcetate supplementation increases brain acetyl‐CoA metabolism, alters histone and non‐histone protein acetylation, increases brain energy reserves, and is anti‐inflammatory and neuroprotective in rat models of neuroinflammation and neuroborreliosis. To determine the impact acetate supplementation has on a mouse model of multiple sclerosis, we quantified the effect treatment had on injury progression, spinal cord lipid content, phospholipase levels, and myelin structure in mice subjected to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). EAE was induced by inoculating mice with a myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide fragment (MOG35–55), and acetate supplementation was maintained with 4 g/kg glyceryl triacetate by a daily oral gavage. Acetate supplementation prevented the onset of clinical signs in mice subject to EAE compared to control‐treated mice. Furthermore, acetate supplementation prevented the loss of spinal cord ethanolamine and choline glycerophospholipid and phosphatidylserine in mice subjected to EAE compared to EAE animals treated with water. Treatment increased saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid levels in phosphatidylserine compared to controls suggesting that acetate was utilized to increase spinal cord fatty acid content. Also, acetate supplementation prevented the loss of spinal cord cholesterol in EAE animals but did not change cholesteryl esters. Treatment significantly increased GD3 and GD1a ganglioside levels in EAE mice when compared to EAE mice treated with water. Treatment returned levels of phosphorylated and non‐phosphorylated cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) levels back to baseline and based on FluoroMyelin™ histochemistry maintained myelin structural characteristics. Overall, these data suggest that acetate supplementation may modulate lipid metabolism in mice subjected to EAE.image
Profiles of Emotion Deficits and Adolescent Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury in an Inpatient Sample
Authors: Thomassin Kristel , Quint Elise , Sezlik Sage , Shaffer Anne 
Published: April 2017

This study examined profiles of specific emotion deficits, including poor emotion awareness, reluctance to express emotion, sadness inhibition and dysregulation, and anger inhibition and dysregulation. Self‐report questionnaires assessed adolescents’ emotion skills and nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) engagement, frequency, severity, methods, and age of onset. Latent profile analysis yielded a three‐profile solution: Low Deficit (LD; n = 49), Unaware/Anger Dysregulated (UAD; n = 24), and Anger Inhibited (AI; n = 20) profiles. Adolescents in the UAD profile were more likely to engage in NSSI, displayed a higher NSSI frequency, and reported a higher number of NSSI methods when compared to adolescents in the LD profile. No links emerged for NSSI severity or age of onset.
The effect of three‐monthly albendazole treatment on Th2 responses: Differential effects on IgE and IL‐5
Authors: de Ruiter K. , Tahapary D. L. , Wammes L. J. , Wiria A. E. , Hamid F. , van Lieshout L. , Smit J. W. A. , Houwing‐Duistermaat J. J. , Sartono E. , Supali T. , Yazdanbakhsh M. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryHelminth parasites induce a strong Th2 response, characterized by high levels of IgE and elevated signature cytokines such as IL‐5. As many global deworming programmes are underway, there is concern that this might lead to emergence of Th1‐mediated pathologies when the counterbalancing helminth‐induced Th2 response is absent. Therefore, we assessed the effect of deworming on Th2‐mediated responses in a household‐clustered randomized controlled trial in Indonesia. Total plasma IgE and whole‐blood IL‐5 responses to mitogen phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) were measured in 1494 and 682 subjects, respectively, at baseline, 9 and 21 months after three‐monthly single‐dose treatment with albendazole or placebo. Anthelmintic treatment did not result in complete removal of helminth infections in the community. However, treatment significantly decreased IgE levels in albendazole‐ compared to placebo‐treated subjects. IL‐5 responses to PHA were not significantly affected by anthelmintic treatment and tended to increase in albendazole‐treated subjects, indicating that intensive treatment of helminth parasites has different outcomes on B‐cell (IgE levels) and T‐cell (IL‐5) responses. The data shows that 2 years of deworming can have differential effects on responses typified as Th2‐mediated, which needs to be taken into account when examining the impact of helminths on noncommunicable diseases.
Centromere structure and function analysis in wheat–rye translocation lines
Authors: Wang Jing , Liu Yalin , Su Handong , Guo Xianrui , Han Fangpu 
Published: April 2017

Summary1RS.1BL translocations are centric translocations formed by misdivision and have been used extensively in wheat breeding. However, the role that the centromere plays in the formation of 1RS.1BL translocations is still unclear. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was applied to detect the fine structures of the centromeres in 130 1RS.1BL translocation cultivars. Immuno‐FISH, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)‐qPCR and RT‐PCR were used to investigate the functions of the hybrid centromeres in 1RS.1BL translocations. New 1R translocations with different centromere structures were created by misdivision and pollen irradiation to elucidate the role that the centromere plays in the formation of 1RS.1BL translocations. We found that all of the 1RS.1BL translocations detected contained hybrid centromeres and that wheat‐derived CENH3 bound to both the wheat and rye centromeres in the 1RS.1BL translocation chromosomes. Moreover, a rye centromere‐specific retrotransposon was actively transcribed in 1RS.1BL translocations. The frequencies of new 1RS hybrid centromere translocations and group‐1 chromosome translocations were higher during 1R misdivision. Our study demonstrates the hybrid nature of the centromere in 1RS.1BL translocations. New 1R translocations with different centromere structures were created to help understand the fusion centromere used for wheat breeding and for use as breeding material for the improvement of wheat.
What remains invariant: Life lessons from Abdus Salam
Authors: Husain T. Z. 
Published: April 2017

Abdus Salam was a multi-dimensional man who straddled research and institution-building with enviable flair; he was both religious and iconoclastic, a true citizen of the world yet deeply nationalistic, a scientist and a lover of literature, a villager and a cosmopolitan. While the specific details of his life belong to the man alone, Salam’s rich experiences exemplify certain values, attitudes and lessons that are universal. In this talk, we attempt to draw out those truths, by looking through the lens of physics. Our analysis of Salam’s personal journey mirrors the search for the invariants of a physical system in that we look beyond the particularities of his unique set of circumstances, to the essence that both categorizes, and transcends, explicit events. Thus we move through Salam’s life, collecting ’invariants’ that apply as much to us today as they did to him several decades ago. Together, these constitute an enduring wisdom that can prove invaluable to young scientists — especially those from developing countries — as they navigate different cultures, manage diverse loyalties, and balance the lure of research with the demands of service.
Strategies for Increasing Pancreatic Tumor Immunogenicity
Authors: Johnson Burles A. , Yarchoan Mark , Lee Valerie , Laheru Daniel A. , Jaffee Elizabeth M. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Immunotherapy has changed the standard of care for multiple deadly cancers, including lung, head and neck, gastric, and some colorectal cancers. However, single-agent immunotherapy has had little effect in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Increasing evidence suggests that the PDAC microenvironment is comprised of an intricate network of signals between immune cells, PDAC cells, and stroma, resulting in an immunosuppressive environment resistant to single-agent immunotherapies. In this review, we discuss differences between immunotherapy-sensitive cancers and PDAC, the complex interactions between PDAC stroma and suppressive tumor-infiltrating cells that facilitate PDAC development and progression, the immunologic targets within these complex networks that are druggable, and data supporting combination drug approaches that modulate multiple PDAC signals, which should lead to improved clinical outcomes. Clin Cancer Res; 23(7); 1656–69. ©2017 AACR.
See all articles in this CCR Focus section, “Pancreatic Cancer: Challenge and Inspiration.”
Current and Emerging Therapies in Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Manji Gulam Abbas , Olive Kenneth P. , Saenger Yvonne M. , Oberstein Paul 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Targeted therapies and immunotherapy have changed the face of multiple solid malignancies, including metastatic melanoma and lung cancer, but no such therapies exist for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) despite the knowledge of key mutations and an increasing understanding of the tumor microenvironment. Until now, most clinical studies have not been biomarker driven in this highly immunosuppressive and heterogeneous cancer. Ongoing basic and translational studies are better classifying the disease in hopes of identifying critical pathways that distinguish the unique PDAC subtypes, which will lead to personalized therapies. In this review, we discuss the current treatment options for metastatic pancreatic cancer and highlight current ongoing clinical trials, which aim to target the stroma and the immune microenvironment either alone or in combination with standard chemotherapy. Identifying biomarkers and key resistance pathways and targeting these pathways in a personalized manner in combination with chemotherapy are likely to yield a more immediate and durable clinical benefit. Clin Cancer Res; 23(7); 1670–8. ©2017 AACR.
See all articles in this CCR Focus section, “Pancreatic Cancer: Challenge and Inspiration.”