bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inverse Kinetic and Equilibrium Isotope Effects on Self‐Assembly and Supramolecular Chirality of Porphyrin J‐Aggregates
Authors: Zagami Roberto , Romeo Andrea , Castriciano Maria A. , Monsù Scolaro Luigi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWhen mixtures of D2O/DCl are used to foster the self‐assembly formation of TPPS4 porphyrin J‐aggregates in aqueous solutions, an inverse kinetic isotope effect of 0.4 and an inverse equilibrium isotope effect of 0.6 are clearly detected. Most importantly, the addition of at least 10 % D2O causes an inversion in the handedness of the final chiral J‐aggregates, thus evidencing an important role of deuterium in driving the enantiomeric excess in the scalemic mixture of such supramolecular assemblies.
Alkynylthioimidazolium Salts: Efficient Reagents for the Synthesis of Alkynyl Sulfides by Electrophilic Thioalkynylation
Authors: Peña Javier , Talavera Garazi , Waldecker Bernd , Alcarazo Manuel 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe efficient synthesis of a series of alkynylthioimidazolium salts through reaction of organozinc compounds with dibromo(imidazolium)sulfuranes is reported. Addition of Grignard reagents to these new species provided a highly modular, clean, and scalable access to a broad variety of alkynyl sulfides in good‐to‐excellent yields. The utility of this protocol was showcased by the preparation of alkynyl sulfides, which are particularly difficult to obtain or simply unavailable through the existing methodologies. In addition, the synthetic method was extended to the preparation of alkynyl selenides.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Quaternary α‐Amino Acids Enabled by the Versatility of the Phenylselenonyl Group
Authors: Clemenceau Antonin , Wang Qian , Zhu Jieping 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA novel Cinchona alkaloid‐catalyzed enantioselective conjugate addition of α‐alkyl substituted α‐nitroacetates to phenyl vinyl selenone was developed. The resulting enantio‐enriched α,α‐dialkyl substituted α‐nitroacetates were subsequently converted to various cyclic and acyclic quaternary α‐amino acids, taking advantage of the rich functionalities of the resulting Michael adducts. Novel protocols allowing chemoselective reduction of phenyl selenone to phenyl selenide and reduction of alkyl phenyl selenones to alkanes are also reported.
Enantioselective effects of metalaxyl on soil enzyme activity
Authors: Yue Heng , Fang Song , Zhang Yizhi , Ning Yang , Yu Weisong , Kong Fanyu , Qiu Jun 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe enantioselective effects of the chiral pesticide metalaxyl on soil enzyme activity were investigated. Incubation experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of metalaxyl enantiomers at different concentrations on the activities of urease, invertase, and catalase as well as the type of activity change (activation vs. inhibition) at different times during incubation. The results indicated that the effects of metalaxyl on the activity of soil enzymes were not only related to the concentration of the enantiomers and soil incubation time, but also to the chiral configuration, suggesting the effects were enantioselective. A pattern of inhibition‐recovery‐slight stimulation was observed in urease activity of the soil samples treated with metalaxyl enantiomers, but the effects of (–) ‐R‐metalaxyl were stronger than those of (+)‐S‐metalaxyl at the same concentration. Invertase activity in soil samples treated with metalaxyl enantiomers initially sharply decreased before finally returning to the normal level, and the effects of (+)‐S‐metalaxyl were stronger than those of (–) ‐R‐metalaxyl at the same concentration. Metalaxyl enantiomers influenced catalase activity in a pattern of slight stimulation‐inhibition‐recovery, and the effects of (–) ‐R‐metalaxyl were stronger than those of (+)‐S‐metalaxyl at the same concentration.
Die Ausdampfung von Aromastoffen
Authors: Scheuren Hans , Dillenburger Michael 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDas 500 jährige Reinheitsgebot verbietet die Zugabe und Fällung von Aromastoffen mit Mitteln außerhalb der definierten Zutaten. Von großer Bedeutung sind verfahrenstechnische Methoden wie die Würzekochung, die den Gehalt von Aromastoffen prägen. Die thermodynamischen und verfahrenstechnischen Grundlagen am Beispiel der zentralen Geschmackskomponente Dimethylsulfid (DMS) werden beschrieben und die Berechenbarkeit des Prozesses hin zu einem definierten Gehalt aufgezeigt. So ist es möglich, den Energiebedarf auf ein Optimum zu reduzieren und ein konstantes Geschmacksprofil trotz natürlich schwankender Eingangsgrößen zu erreichen.
Utility of the 2‐Nitrobenzenesulfonamide Group as a Chemical Linker for Enhanced Extracellular Stability and Cytosolic Cleavage in siRNA‐Conjugated Polymer Systems
Authors: Huang Chih Hao , Takemoto Hiroyasu , Nomoto Takahiro , Tomoda Keishiro , Matsui Makoto , Nishiyama Nobuhiro 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHerein we report the 2‐nitrobenzenesulfonamide group as a new chemical linker that responds to the difference in redox potential across the cellular membrane, toward the construction of siRNA–polymer conjugates. PEG‐conjugated to siRNA via the 2‐nitrobenzenesulfonamide group (PEG–sul–siRNA) exhibited highly selective siRNA release under intracellular conditions due to the exclusive presence of the GSH/GST combination in the cell. In addition, siRNA release from PEG–sul–siRNA under extracellular reductive conditions was dramatically suppressed relative to PEG–siRNA conjugates containing a conventional redox‐sensitive disulfide linkage (PEG–disulfide–siRNA), indicating the enhanced extracellular stability of the 2‐nitrobenzenesulfonamide group. The enhanced gene‐silencing effect of PEG–sul–siRNA for cultured cells relative to PEG–siRNA, containing a non‐cleavable carboxylic amide linkage (PEG–car–siRNA), confirmed the intracellular release of siRNA via the PEG–sul–siRNA system. These results suggest that the 2‐nitrobenzenesulfonamide group could be a suitable chemical linker alternative to the conventional disulfide group.
Young Investigator Challenge: A novel, simple method for cell block preparation, implementation, and use over 2 years
Authors: Lindsey Kathryn G. , Houser Patricia M. , Shotsberger‐Gray Wanda , Chajewski Olga S. , Yang Jack 
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUNDThe cell block is an essential adjunct to conventional cytopreparatory techniques. The need for molecular analysis and immunostains will increase the need for successful cell block preparation. Even with this need, to the authors' knowledge very little has changed regarding the way in which cell blocks are produced.METHODSThe authors developed A Formalin‐Fixed, paraffin Embedded Cytology cell block Technique (AFFECT) that uses a cytospin centrifuge and funnel to deposit a cell pellet into a well on a piece of open‐cell, absorbent foam. The foam and the pellet are then sent through normal processing. Herein, the authors present the implementation of this method and some of their experience with its performance over the course of 2 years.RESULTSAlthough a comparison of the methods indicated good correlation for the production of a cell block between AFFECT and the agarose method, the AFFECT blocks demonstrated markedly improved cellular morphology. Over the first 6 months of use, AFFECT produced a successful cell block in 74% of cases overall, and in 65% of cases with a cell pellet measuring ≤0.1 mL. The year preceding the implementation of AFFECT and its first year of use were compared for endoscopic and bronchoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration specimens, and demonstrated an improved success rate.CONCLUSIONSThe authors developed a novel method of cell block preparation that demonstrates improved histology and has increased the success rate of cell block production compared with the agarose method. Cancer Cytopathol 2016;124:885–892. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Structural Diversity of Three Pyrazoyl–Carboxyl Bifunctional Ligand‐Based Metal–Organic Frameworks: Luminescence and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Li Gao‐Peng , Yang Hong‐Yun , Li Yong‐Zhi , Hou Lei , Liu Bin , Wang Yao‐Yu 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThree metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), [Cd(Hpzbpdc)(H2O)]⋅H2O (1), [Mn2(Hpzbpdc)2(dmf)2] (2), and [H2N(CH3)2]0.5[Eu(Hpzbpdc)1.5(HCOO)0.5(dmf)0.5]⋅DMF⋅0.5 H2O (3) (H3pzbpdc=4′‐(2 H‐pyrazol‐3‐yl)biphenyl‐3,5‐dicarboxylic acid), have been solvothermally synthesized from one pyrazoyl–carboxyl bifunctional ligand and characterized by single‐crystal structures. The H3pzbpdc ligand in 1–3 displays various coordination modes through the pyrazoyl and carboxyl groups. Both 1 and 3 contain dinuclear cluster building units and reveal a four‐connected gismondine (gis) zeolite 3D framework and a 2D grid layer structure, respectively. Compound 1 shows blue luminescence, compound 3 reveals red luminescence that arises from efficient energy transfer from the organic ligand to the europium(III) ion, and compound 2 reveals an uncommon (3,8)‐connected tfz‐d; UO3 net with a rare Mn4(COO)6 cluster and shows antiferromagnetic interactions between the manganese(II) ions.
Photochemical Treatment of Powder Coatings and VOC‐Free Coatings with NIR Lasers Exhibiting Line‐Shaped Focus: Physical and Chemical Solidification
Authors: Schmitz Christian , Strehmel Bernd 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNIR‐sensitized (NIR=near‐infrared) radical photopolymerization can be employed to chemically cure VOC‐free coatings; that is, either a powder coating or liquid monomer coating system with no significant components of volatile organic compounds (VOC). A NIR laser with line‐shaped focus was applied to cure the coatings. This system operated in multi‐wavelength mode where preferentially the emission wavelengths λ=808 nm and 980 nm of the laser system could be employed to solidify and crosslink the starting components as a transparent film; that is, chemical drying by photonic events. Cyanines absorbing at λ=980 nm and 808 nm functioned as heat generators to melt the powder and as sensitizers (Sens) to generate initiating radicals in combination with a radical initiator (RI). The radical initiator was either the iodonium salt RI‐1 ([(t‐C4H9‐Ph)2I+][(CF3SO2)2N−]) or triazine A (RI‐2). Photoinduced electron transfer between the excited states of Sens and RI was found to control the efficiency of initiating radicals. Line‐shape‐focused laser experiments demonstrated that both liquid VOC‐free coatings and solid powder coatings can be cured. Curing of solid powder coatings occurs with a curing rate of 3.6 m min−1, opening the possibility to introduce NIR laser curing as a new technology in coating sciences. Finally, rheological measurements and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were applied to characterize the flow properties of the molten powder and the glass transition temperatures of the crosslinked materials, respectively. The molten powder coating behaved like a liquid up to 160 °C as concluded from the complex shear modulus (G*), while the phase shift (∂) documents crosslinking above this temperature.
Structural, Electrical, and Electrochemical Characteristics of LnBa0.5Sr0.5Co1.5Fe0.5O5+δ (Ln=Pr, Sm, Gd) as Cathode Materials in Intermediate‐Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Jeong Donghwi , Jun Areum , Ju Young‐Wan , Hyodo Junji , Shin Jeeyoung , Ishihara Tatsumi , Lim Tak‐Hyoung , Kim Guntae 
Published: November 2016

AbstractLayered perovskite oxides have received great attention as prospective cathode materials for intermediate‐temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT‐SOFCs) because of their high electrical conductivities and fast oxygen kinetics. Herein, we focus on the structural, electrical, and electrochemical properties of layered perovskites LnBa0.5Sr0.5Co1.5Fe0.5O5+δ (LnBSCF, Ln=Pr, Sm, and Gd) as a cathode material for IT‐SOFCs. Among the evaluated perovskites, PrBa0.5Sr0.5Co1.5Fe0.5O5+δ (PBSCF) showed the highest electrical conductivity, the highest oxygen content, and the highest values of the oxygen bulk diffusion coefficient (D*) and surface exchange coefficient (k) measured by using isotope oxygen exchange. The composite cathode of PBSCF and gadolinium‐doped ceria is the most suitable cathode material for IT‐SOFCs among the materials investigated because of its excellent electrochemical properties and fast oxygen kinetics.
The effects of pharmaceuticals on a unionid mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea): An examination of acute and chronic endpoints of toxicity across life stages
Authors: Gilroy Ève A.M. , Gillis Patricia L. , King Laura E. , Bendo Nicholas A. , Salerno Joseph , Giacomin Marina , de Solla Shane R. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

The toxicity and bioconcentration of 3 pharmaceuticals (amitriptyline, iopamidol, and sertraline) were examined using multiple life stages (larval, juvenile, and adult) of the unionid mussel Lampsilis siliquoidea. The endpoints examined varied with life stage but included survival, behavior (algal clearance rate, filtering frequency), and oxidative stress. Iopamidol was not toxic at concentrations up to 101 mg/L. Sertraline was the most toxic chemical (50% lethal concentrations [LC50] and effect concentrations [EC50] = 0.02–0.04 mg/L), but exposure did not induce oxidative stress. Glochidia and juveniles were more sensitive than adult mussels. Algal clearance rate in juvenile mussels was the most sensitive endpoint assessed, similar to or lower than the LC50 values for glochidia. However, the compounds examined were not toxic at concentrations detected in the environment. The relative bioconcentration factors were sertraline &gt; amitriptyline &gt; iopamidol. These results suggest that glochidia toxicity could be a screening tool for rapidly assessing the toxicity of chemicals of concern to freshwater mussels. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1572–1583. © 2016 SETAC
Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of BaFe1−xCuxO3−δ Perovskite Oxide for IT‐SOFC Cathode
Authors: Xie D. , Guo W. , Guo R. , Liu Z. , Sun D. , Meng L. , Zheng M. , Wang B. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA series of iron‐based perovskite oxides BaFe1−xCuxO3−δ (x = 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25, abbreviated as BFC‐10, BFC‐15, BFC‐20 and BFC‐25, respectively) as cathode materials have been prepared via a combined EDTA‐citrate complexing sol‐gel method. The effects of Cu contents on the crystal structure, chemical stability, electrical conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) and electrochemical properties of BFC‐x materials have been studied. All the BFC‐x samples exhibit the cubic phase with a space group Pm3m (221). The electrical conductivity decreases with increasing Cu content. The maximum electrical conductivity is 60.9 ± 0.9 S cm−1 for BFC‐20 at 600 °C. Substitution of Fe by Cu increases the thermal expansion coefficient. The average TEC increases from 20.6 × 10−6 K−1 for BFC‐10 to 23.7 × 10−6 K−1 for BFC‐25 at the temperature range of 30–850 °C. Among the samples, BFC‐20 shows the best electrochemical performance. The area specific resistance (ASR) of BFC‐20 on SDC electrolyte is 0.014 Ω cm2 at 800 °C. The single fuel cell with the configguration of BFC‐20/SDC/NiO‐SDC delivers the highest power density of 0.57 W cm−2 at 800 °C. The favorable electrochemical activities can be attributed to the cubic lattice structure and the high oxygen vacancy concentration caused by Cu doping.
Equity Option Implied Probability of Default and Equity Recovery Rate
Authors: Chang Bo Young , Orosi Greg 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThere is a close link between prices of equity options and the default probability of a firm. We show that in the presence of positive expected equity recovery, standard methods that assume zero equity recovery at default misestimate the option‐implied default probability. We introduce a simple method to detect stocks with positive expected equity recovery by examining option prices and propose a method to extract the default probability from option prices that allows for positive equity recovery. We demonstrate possible applications of our methodology with examples that include financial institutions in the United States during the 2007–09 subprime crisis. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 37:599–613, 2017
Index Futures Trading Restrictions and Spot Market Quality: Evidence from the Recent Chinese Stock Market Crash
Authors: Han Qian , Liang Jufang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractUsing a difference‐in‐difference approach, we find that restrictions placed on the CSI 300 and CSI 500 index futures trading during the recent Chinese stock market crisis deteriorated spot market quality, particularly the September trade restrictions. Our results can be explained by the sudden risk exposure faced by alpha‐strategy traders who stop trading spots after the index futures trading restrictions are introduced, thus worsening the spot market quality. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 37:411–428, 2017
Sparse multivariate factor analysis regression models and its applications to integrative genomics analysis
Authors: Zhou Yan , Wang Pei , Wang Xianlong , Zhu Ji , Song Peter X.‐K. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThe multivariate regression model is a useful tool to explore complex associations between two kinds of molecular markers, which enables the understanding of the biological pathways underlying disease etiology. For a set of correlated response variables, accounting for such dependency can increase statistical power. Motivated by integrative genomic data analyses, we propose a new methodology—sparse multivariate factor analysis regression model (smFARM), in which correlations of response variables are assumed to follow a factor analysis model with latent factors. This proposed method not only allows us to address the challenge that the number of association parameters is larger than the sample size, but also to adjust for unobserved genetic and/or nongenetic factors that potentially conceal the underlying response‐predictor associations. The proposed smFARM is implemented by the EM algorithm and the blockwise coordinate descent algorithm. The proposed methodology is evaluated and compared to the existing methods through extensive simulation studies. Our results show that accounting for latent factors through the proposed smFARM can improve sensitivity of signal detection and accuracy of sparse association map estimation. We illustrate smFARM by two integrative genomics analysis examples, a breast cancer dataset, and an ovarian cancer dataset, to assess the relationship between DNA copy numbers and gene expression arrays to understand genetic regulatory patterns relevant to the disease. We identify two trans‐hub regions: one in cytoband 17q12 whose amplification influences the RNA expression levels of important breast cancer genes, and the other in cytoband 9q21.32‐33, which is associated with chemoresistance in ovarian cancer.
Health Effects of Economic Crises
Authors: Ruhm Christopher J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis analysis summarizes prior research and uses national, US state and county‐level data from 1976 to 2013 to examine whether the mortality effects of economic crises differ in kind from those of the more typical fluctuations. The tentative conclusion is that economic crises affect mortality rates (and presumably other measures of health) in the same way as less severe downturns – leading to improvements in physical health. The effects of severe national recessions in the USA appear to have a beneficial effect on mortality that is roughly twice as strong as that predicted by the elevated unemployment rates alone, while the higher predicted rate of suicides during typical periods of economic weakness is approximately offset during severe recessions. No consistent pattern is obtained for more localized economic crises occurring at the state level – some estimates suggest larger protective mortality effects while others indicate offsetting deleterious consequences. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Careful in the Crisis? Determinants of Older People's Informal Care Receipt in Crisis‐Struck European Countries
Authors: Costa‐Font Joan , Karlsson Martin , Øien Henning 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMacroeconomic downturns can have an important impact on the receipt of informal and formal long‐term care, because recessions increase the number of unemployed and affect net wealth. This paper investigates how the market for informal care changed during and after the Great Recession in Europe, with particular focus on the determinants of care receipt. We use data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, which includes a rich set of variables covering waves before and after the Great Recession. We find evidence of an increase in the availability of informal care after the economic downturn when controlling for year and country fixed effects. This trend is mainly driven by changes in care provision of individuals not cohabiting with the care recipient. We also find evidence of several determinants of informal care receipt changing during the crisis – such as physical needs, personal wealth, and household structures. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Household Financial Distress and Initial Endowments: Evidence from the 2008 Financial Crisis
Authors: Olafsson Arna 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis paper studies in utero exposure to the 2008 financial crisis. Exploiting the sudden and unexpected collapse of the Icelandic economy, I find that first‐trimester exposure to the crisis led to a sizable and significant reduction in birth weight, increased the probability of a low birth weight ( < 2500 g), and decreased the probability of a high birth weight ( > 4000 g). I also find evidence that the collapse reduced the sex ratio, indicating selection in utero due to maternal prenatal stress exposure. My results imply large welfare losses from financial distress that have hitherto been ignored – because children with worse health at birth can expect substantially lower lifetime earnings – and suggest that economic hardships may in general exacerbate income inequalities in the long run as low‐income households are typically more exposed to financial distress. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The postrhinal cortex is not necessary for landmark control in rat head direction cells
Authors: Peck James R. , Taube Jeffery S. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThe rodent postrhinal cortex (POR), homologous to primate areas TH/TF and the human 'parahippocampal place area', has been implicated in processing visual landmark and contextual information about the environment. Head direction (HD) cells are neurons that encode allocentric head direction, independent of the animal's location or behavior, and are influenced by manipulations of visual landmarks. The present study determined whether the POR plays a role in processing environmental information within the HD circuit. Experiment 1 tested the role of the POR in processing visual landmark cues in the HD system during manipulation of a visual cue. HD cells from POR lesioned animals had similar firing properties, shifted their preferred firing direction following rotation of a salient visual cue, and in darkness had preferred firing directions that drifted at the same rate as controls. Experiment 2 tested the PORs involvement in contextual fear conditioning, where the animal learns to associate a shock with both a tone and a context in which the shock was given. In agreement with previous studies, POR lesioned animals were able to learn the tone–shock pairing, but displayed less freezing relative to controls when reintroduced into the environment previously paired with a shock. Therefore, HD cells from POR lesioned animals, with demonstrated impairments in contextual fear conditioning, were able to use a visual landmark to control their preferred direction. Thus, despite its importance in processing visual landmark information in primates, the POR in rats does not appear to play a pivotal role in controlling visual landmark information in the HD system. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.