bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sonic QP/QS ratio as diagnostic tool for shale gas saturation
Authors: Qi Qiaomu , Müller Tobias M. , Pervukhina Marina 
Published: April 2017

Sonic [Formula: see text] ratio obtained from full-waveform acoustic logs in conventional sandstone reservoirs is known to be sensitive to the presence of gas, and it is regarded as a potential diagnostic tool for saturation discrimination. However, it is not known if such a saturation diagnostic tool will be applicable in unconventional reservoirs, such as in gas-saturated shales. We have analyzed the monopole and dipole waveform logs acquired from a shale gas exploration well in the Cooper Basin, South Australia. The depth interval of interest is 300 m thick, and it intersects three shale units in which the two underlying formations contain gas saturation of more than 30% and are identified as the primary exploration targets. We use the statistical average method to extract the [Formula: see text]- and the [Formula: see text]-wave attenuation profiles and obtain an average [Formula: see text]-wave quality factor of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]-wave quality factor of [Formula: see text]. The gas saturation of the lithological layers having [Formula: see text] is appreciably larger than the gas saturation of the others having [Formula: see text]. The net difference indicates that the saturation is a dominant factor in controlling the [Formula: see text] ratio in these shale formations. Based on the criterion [Formula: see text], we identify the intervals with high gas potential. This result is in good agreement with the prediction from an independently obtained saturation log based on petrophysical analysis. Furthermore, we found that the [Formula: see text] ratio can be jointly interpreted with the [Formula: see text] ratio to differentiate between the saturation and the lithology effects for a shale reservoir interbedded with sandstone layers. Our results underpin the concept of using the [Formula: see text] ratio as a hydrocarbon saturation indicator and provide insights into application of this technique for shale gas detection.
Propensity Score Analysis of Radical Cystectomy Versus Bladder-Sparing Trimodal Therapy in the Setting of a Multidisciplinary Bladder Cancer Clinic
Authors: Kulkarni Girish S. , Hermanns Thomas , Wei Yanliang , Bhindi Bimal , Satkunasivam Raj , Athanasopoulos Paul , Bostrom Peter J. , Kuk Cynthia , Li Kathy , Templeton Arnoud J. , Sridhar Srikala S. , van der Kwast Theodorus H. , Chung Peter , Bristow Robert G. , Milosevic Michael , Warde Padraig , Fleshner Neil E. , Jewett Michael A.S. , Bashir Shaheena , Zlotta Alexandre R. 
Published: April 2017

Purpose Multidisciplinary management improves complex treatment decision making in cancer care, but its impact for bladder cancer (BC) has not been documented. Although radical cystectomy (RC) currently is viewed as the standard of care for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), radiotherapy-based, bladder-sparing trimodal therapy (TMT) that combines transurethral resection of bladder tumor, chemotherapy for radiation sensitization, and external beam radiotherapy has emerged as a valid treatment option. In the absence of randomized studies, this study compared the oncologic outcomes between patients treated with RC or TMT by using a propensity score matched-cohort analysis. Methods Data from patients treated in a multidisciplinary bladder cancer clinic (MDBCC) from 2008 to 2013 were reviewed retrospectively. Those who received TMT for MIBC were identified and matched (for sex, cT and cN stage, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group status, Charlson comorbidity score, treatment date, age, carcinoma in situ status, and hydronephrosis) with propensity scores to patients who underwent RC. Overall survival and disease-specific survival (DSS) were assessed with Cox proportional hazards modeling and a competing risk analysis, respectively. Results A total of 112 patients with MIBC were included after matching (56 who had been treated with TMT, and 56 who underwent RC). The median age was 68.0 years, and 29.5% had stage cT3/cT4 disease. At a median follow-up of 4.51 years, there were 20 deaths (35.7%) in the RC group (13 as a result of BC) and 22 deaths (39.3%) in the TMT group (13 as a result of BC). The 5-year DSS rate was 73.2% and 76.6% in the RC and TMT groups, respectively ( P = .49). Salvage cystectomy was performed in 6 (10.7%) of 56 patients who received TMT. Conclusion In the setting of a MDBCC, TMT yielded survival outcomes similar to those of matched patients who underwent RC. Appropriately selected patients with MIBC should be offered the opportunity to discuss various treatment options, including organ-sparing TMT.
Typification of Linnaean and Cavanilles names in the genus Malva (Malvaceae) for the Spanish flora
Authors: Iamonico Duilio , Valdés Benito 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe typification of the Linnaean names Malva hispanica and M. tournefortiana are discussed. An illustration from Plukenet’s Phytographia and a specimen from LINN are designated as the lectotypes of the names M. hispanica and M. tournefortiana, respectively. An epitype (LINN) is also designated for the name M. hispanica using a specimen from LINN. The names M. spithamea, M. stipulacea and M. trifida are also studied and respectively lectotypified using a specimen from the Cavanilles Herbarium (MA) and illustrations from Asso’s Synopsis stirpium indigenarum Aragoniae and Cavanilles’s “Dissertatio Botanico”. The names M. stipulacea and M. spithamea are taken respectively as synonyms of M. trifida and M. hispanica.
Phylogeography and character evolution of Euphorbia sect. Aphyllis subsect. Macaronesicae (Euphorbiaceae)
Authors: Barres Laia , Galbany-Casals Mercè , Hipp Andrew L. , Molero Julià , Vilatersana Roser 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe Macaronesian species of Euphorbia sect. Aphyllis subsect. Macaronesicae are distributed in four of the five archipelagos of Macaronesia and two mainland enclaves in Portugal and Morocco. The aims of this study are to investigate the biogeographic history of this group with AFLP and cpDNA markers, and to identify taxonomic entities within subsect. Macaronesicae based on genetic data, characterize them morphologically and infer the evolution of their diagnostic characters based on the reconstruction of ancestral character states. A continuous spatial diffusion analysis of AFLP data implicated Tenerife (central Canary Islands) as the area of origin of the group, followed by colonization of other Canarian islands and other Macaronesian archipelagos. Two dispersal events back to the mainland were also inferred. Our phylogenetic network, neighbour‐joining clustering and Structure analyses of AFLP data demonstrated that species are genetically well delimited and suggested that they may have originated from a combination of allopatric speciation at broad scales (among islands) and fine scales (within islands), or possibly sympatric ecological speciation followed by more recent inter‐island dispersal events. Ancestral character state reconstructions of morphological characters suggested that the ancestor of subsect. Macaronesicae was adapted to arid or mesic habitats, and traits associated with adaptation to humid habitats were acquired later. The central Canary Islands harbour the highest species diversity of this group in the Archipelago, and the highest nuclear and plastid genetic diversity. With regards to taxonomy, phylogenetic analyses and neighbour‐joining clustering analyses based on AFLPs showed two clearly differentiated genetic groups, sister to each other, which correspond to the E. atropurpurea and E. lamarckii complexes formerly recognised based on morphology. Euphorbia aphylla is recovered as sister to the rest of the species, supporting its exclusion from the two complexes. Euphorbia tuckeyana is excluded from the E. lamarckii complex.
Tests, scans and investigations, 9. Ultrasound
Authors: Peate Ian 
Published: April 2017

Ultrasound is a medical imaging procedure that is commonly performed for a number of reasons. Ultrasound imaging is a non-invasive medical test that can assist doctors and other healthcare practitioners to make a diagnosis and treat medical conditions. Unlike X-rays, ultrasound examinations do not use ionising radiation and, as such, there is no radiation exposure to the patient or the practitioner. This article provides an overview of this commonly performed procedure and an outline of the reasons why the test might be needed and how it is performed. The role of the healthcare assistant and the assistant practitioner (HCA and AP) in assisting the patient is also discussed.
Process mapping: looking at the patient's full journey
Authors: Swann Julie 
Published: April 2017

By looking at the patient's journey though the care service, improvements can be implemented to make the delivery of health services more effective. If parts of the patient's journey are analysed, it is possible to identify constraints and bottlenecks that make this journey less effective. However, it is also important not to lose sight of the patient's journey from a personal and emotional perspective. This article encourages healthcare assistants to think of every stage of their patients' journeys—from the first sign of illness, through treatment until final discharge.
Critical care nurses' knowledge and practice of delirium assessment
Authors: Rowley-Conwy Gabby 
Published: April 2017

Aims: The aim of this study was to examine perceived barriers to assessment of delirium for critical care nurses, and the impact of education on their knowledge and practice. Background: Delirium is a significant problem in critical care, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Many authors have found variations in assessment by critical care nurses, but there has been limited analysis of the reasons for this. Education on the topic improves knowledge and practice, but the best approach has not been examined. Design: A questionnaire survey design. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was distributed to critical care nurses (n=31) at a district general hospital. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics. Results: Knowledge and practice were variable, but correlation was seen between nursing band and years of experience with better scores. Any type of education led to significantly improved scores. Several barriers to assessment were found, with the most common being lack of knowledge and difficulty in assessing intubated patients. Conclusion: It is essential to improve practice in delirium assessment and management. Education is vital to improve the knowledge and practice of critical care nurses regarding delirium.
Mentoring in Sports for the Development of the Successful High School Coach
Authors: Swanson Joel , Deutsch Joe 
Published: April 2017

This study involves the surveying of current high school coaches in the state of North Dakota who are certified by the National Federation of High Schools through the completion of the required courses, including “The Fundamentals of Coaching”, “Concussion Diagnosis and Prevention”, as well as CPR, First Aid and AED certification in a current, active status. The participant coaches (n=113), were sent a survey through email using the Qualtrics Survey Program. This survey contained documentation of demographic information, coaching history, opinions regarding issues in coaching and how they are/can be addressed. This survey also discussed influences in the coaches life and how they have shaped their coaching careers. Coaching education and mentoring suggestions are also offered by the subjects as ways to improve the coaching job field as well as struggles they see mentoring bringing if a program were to be introduced.Results indicated that the majority of coaches would be open to mentoring programs in their school. This includes communication sessions, coaching education, sport specific coaching development, and time for personal interaction with other coaches aimed at creating relationships and discussing professional successes, coaching issues, and questions they have. Results also show a trend happening. There is a shortage of coaches with 11-20 years of experience and a large number of head coaches that have less than five years of experience. This trend is hinting to coaches leaving the profession after ten years, with not a lot of experienced people left to take over. Young coaches lead to a large learning curve, immaturity with dealing with certain situations, and lack the experience of actually teaching the game itself.
Open Science: Das neue Gold von Wissenschaft sind Forschungsdaten
Authors: Siegfried Doreen 
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung:
Forschungsdaten sind aktuell das zentrale Thema in der bundesdeutschen Wissenschaftspolitik zum Thema digitaler Wandel. Der Rat für Informationsinfrastrukturen (RfII) beispielsweise fordert niedrigschwellige Services für Wissenschaftler, vernetzte Infrastrukturen für Forschungsdaten sowie Forschung zu den sich wandelnden Realitäten im Wissenschaftssystem. Während andernorts noch an weiteren Stellungnahmen und Empfehlungen gearbeitet wird, befasst sich das ZBW-Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft bereits jetzt ganz konkret mit der Umsetzung von Forschungsdaten-Projekten.
Convergence of the Rothe Method Applied to Operator DAEs Arising in Elastodynamics
Authors: Altmann Robert 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The dynamics of elastic media, constrained by Dirichlet boundary conditions, can be modeled as an operator DAE of semi-explicit structure. These models include flexible multibody systems as well as applications with boundary control. In order to use adaptive methods in space, we analyze the properties of the Rothe method concerning stability and convergence for this kind of systems. We consider a regularization of the operator DAE and prove the weak convergence of the implicit Euler scheme. Furthermore, we consider perturbations in the semi-discrete systems which correspond to additional errors such as spatial discretization errors.
The study of structural, elastic, electronic and optical properties of CsYx I(1 − x)(Y = F, Cl, Br) using density functional theory
Authors: Mian Shabeer Ahmad , Muzammil Muhammad , Rahman Gul , Ahmed Ejaz 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The structural, electronic, elastic and optical properties of CsYx I(1 − x)(Y = F, Cl, Br) are investigated using full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The ground state properties such as lattice constant (ao) and bulk modulus (K) have been calculated. The mechanical properties including Poisson’s ratio (σ), Young’s modulus (E), anisotropy factor (A) and shear modulus (G) were also calculated. The results of these calculations are comparable with the reported experimental and theoretical values. The ductility of CsYx I(1 − x) was analyzed using Pugh’s rule (B/G ratio) and Cauchy’s pressure (C12−C44). Our results revealed that CsF is the most ductile among the CsYxI(1 − x)(Y = F, Cl, Br) compounds. The incremental addition of lighter halogens (Yx) slightly weakens the strength of ionic bond in CsYxI(1 − x). Moreover, the optical transitions were found to be direct for binary and ternary CsYxI(1 − x). We hope that this study will be helpful in designing binary and ternary Cs halides for optoelectronic applications.
Production, separation and target preparation of 171Tm and 147Pm for neutron cross section measurements
Authors: Heinitz Stephan , Maugeri Emilio A. , Schumann Dorothea , Dressler Rugard , Kivel Niko , Guerrero Carlos , Köster Ullrich , Tessler Moshe , Paul Michael , Halfon Shlomi 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The knowledge of the neutron capture cross sections of s-process branching point isotopes represents a basic requirement for the understanding of star evolution. Since such branching point isotopes are by definition radioactive, the measurement of their cross sections from thermal to stellar energies becomes a challenging task. Considerable amounts of material have to be produced, representing a significant radioactive hazard. We report here on the production and separation of 3.5 mg 171Tm from 240 mg 170Er2O3 and 72 μg 147Pm from 100 mg 146Nd2O3 irradiated at the ILL high flux reactor. Thin targets were prepared with high chemical and radioisotopic purity suitable for neutron capture measurements at n_TOF CERN and the SARAF-LiLiT facility.
Microglial TNFα Induces COX2 and PGI2 Synthase Expression in Spinal Endothelial Cells during Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Kanda Hirosato , Kobayashi Kimiko , Yamanaka Hiroki , Okubo Masamichi , Noguchi Koichi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractProstaglandins (PGs) are typical lipid mediators that play a role in homeostasis and disease. They are synthesized from arachidonic acid by cyclooxygenase 1 (COX1) and COX2. Although COX2 has been reported to be upregulated in the spinal cord after nerve injury, its expression and functional roles in neuropathic pain remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the expression of Cox2, PGI2 synthase (Pgis), and prostaglandin I2 receptor (IP receptor) mRNA in the rat spinal cord after spared nerve injury (SNI). Levels of Cox2 and Pgis mRNA increased in endothelial cells from 24 to 48 h after nerve injury. IP receptor mRNA was constitutively expressed in dorsal horn neurons. A COX2 inhibitor and IP receptor antagonists attenuated pain behavior in the early phase of neuropathic pain. Furthermore, we examined the relationship between COX2 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) in the spinal cord of a rat SNI model. Levels of TNFα mRNA transiently increased in the spinal microglia 24 h after SNI. The TNF receptors Tnfr1 and Tnfr2 mRNA were colocalized with COX2. Intrathecal injection of TNFα induced Cox2 and Pgis mRNA expression in endothelial cells. These results revealed that microglia-derived TNFα induced COX2 and PGIS expression in spinal endothelial cells and that endothelial PGI2 played a critical role in neuropathic pain via neuronal IP receptor. These findings further suggest that the glia–endothelial cell interaction of the neurovascular unit via transient TNFα is involved in the generation of neuropathic pain.
Local and Long-Range Circuit Connections to Hilar Mossy Cells in the Dentate Gyrus
Authors: Sun Yanjun , Grieco Steven F. , Holmes Todd C. , Xu Xiangmin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHilar mossy cells are the prominent glutamatergic cell type in the dentate hilus of the dentate gyrus (DG); they have been proposed to have critical roles in the DG network. To better understand how mossy cells contribute to DG function, we have applied new viral genetic and functional circuit mapping approaches to quantitatively map and compare local and long-range circuit connections of mossy cells and dentate granule cells in the mouse. The great majority of inputs to mossy cells consist of two parallel inputs from within the DG: an excitatory input pathway from dentate granule cells and an inhibitory input pathway from local DG inhibitory neurons. Mossy cells also receive a moderate degree of excitatory and inhibitory CA3 input from proximal CA3 subfields. Long range inputs to mossy cells are numerically sparse, and they are only identified readily from the medial septum and the septofimbrial nucleus. In comparison, dentate granule cells receive most of their inputs from the entorhinal cortex. The granule cells receive significant synaptic inputs from the hilus and the medial septum, and they also receive direct inputs from both distal and proximal CA3 subfields, which has been underdescribed in the existing literature. Our slice-based physiological mapping studies further supported the identified circuit connections of mossy cells and granule cells. Together, our data suggest that hilar mossy cells are major local circuit integrators and they exert modulation of the activity of dentate granule cells as well as the CA3 region through “back-projection” pathways.
Posterior Parietal Cortex Guides Visual Decisions in Rats
Authors: Licata Angela M. , Kaufman Matthew T. , Raposo David , Ryan Michael B. , Sheppard John P. , Churchland Anne K. 
Published: April 2017

Neurons in putative decision-making structures can reflect both sensory and decision signals, making their causal role in decisions unclear. Here, we tested whether rat posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is causal for processing visual sensory signals or instead for accumulating evidence for decision alternatives. We disrupted PPC activity optogenetically during decision making and compared effects on decisions guided by auditory versus visual evidence. Deficits were largely restricted to visual decisions. To further test for visual dominance in PPC, we evaluated electrophysiological responses after individual sensory events and observed much larger response modulation after visual stimuli than auditory stimuli. Finally, we measured trial-to-trial spike count variability during stimulus presentation and decision formation. Variability decreased sharply, suggesting that the network is stabilized by inputs, unlike what would be expected if sensory signals were locally accumulated. Our findings suggest that PPC plays a causal role in processing visual signals that are accumulated elsewhere.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDefining the neural circuits that support decision making bridges a gap between our understanding of simple sensorimotor reflexes and our understanding of truly complex behavior. However, identifying brain areas that play a causal role in decision making has proved challenging. We tested the causal role of a candidate component of decision circuits, the rat posterior parietal cortex (PPC). Our interpretation of the data benefited from our use of animals trained to make decisions guided by either visual or auditory evidence. Our results suggest that PPC plays a causal role specifically in visual decision making and may support sensory aspects of the decision, such as interpreting the visual signals so that evidence for a decision can be accumulated elsewhere.
Sen1 has unique structural features grafted on the architecture of the Upf1‐like helicase family
Authors: Leonaitė Bronislava , Han Zhong , Basquin Jérôme , Bonneau Fabien , Libri Domenico , Porrua Odil , Conti Elena 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe superfamily 1B (SF1B) helicase Sen1 is an essential protein that plays a key role in the termination of non‐coding transcription in yeast. Here, we identified the ~90 kDa helicase core of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sen1 as sufficient for transcription termination in vitro and determined the corresponding structure at 1.8 Å resolution. In addition to the catalytic and auxiliary subdomains characteristic of the SF1B family, Sen1 has a distinct and evolutionarily conserved structural feature that “braces” the helicase core. Comparative structural analyses indicate that the “brace” is essential in shaping a favorable conformation for RNA binding and unwinding. We also show that subdomain 1C (the “prong”) is an essential element for 5′‐3′ unwinding and for Sen1‐mediated transcription termination in vitro. Finally, yeast Sen1 mutant proteins mimicking the disease forms of the human orthologue, senataxin, show lower capacity of RNA unwinding and impairment of transcription termination in vitro. The combined biochemical and structural data thus provide a molecular model for the specificity of Sen1 in transcription termination and more generally for the unwinding mechanism of 5′‐3′ helicases.