bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphometric Evaluation of the Thoracic and Lumbar Vertebral Canal and Spinal Cord Using Computed Tomography in Healthy Korean Shorthair Cats
Authors: Ahn Seunghyun , Lee Se‐eun , Kang Younjin , Choi Jihye , Yoon Junghee 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to evaluate the spinal morphometry of the thoracic and lumbar regions in normal Korean Shorthair cats using computed tomography (CT) and to investigate the relationship with variables such as sex, age and body weight. Fifteen clinically healthy Korean Shorthair cats (eight males, seven females) from Seoul National University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital were included in this retrospective study. Measurements of the height, width and area of the vertebral canal and spinal cord on CT images were taken at the cranial, middle and caudal points of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae by three observers, and the ratios of the spinal cord area to the vertebral canal area were calculated. The significance of the differences in measurements between sexes and correlations with age and body weight were analysed. The mean age of the cats was 7 years (range: 2–12 years), with a mean weight of 5.27 kg (range: 2.6–8.3 kg). The height, width and area of the vertebral canal and spinal cord were significantly greater in males than in females (p < 0.05). The ratios of the spinal cord area to the vertebral canal area showed no significant difference between sexes (p > 0.05), and no significant correlations were found between the ratios of the spinal cord area to the vertebral canal area and age or body weight. This study provides useful reference intervals for spinal morphometry in the thoracic and lumbar regions of healthy Korean Shorthair cats and investigate the relationship with variables such as sex, age and body weight. This anatomical information may assist in the diagnosis and prognosis of thoracic, lumbar vertebral and spinal cord diseases using CT.
Community Structure and Species Diversity of Birds in Heterogenous Habitats of an East African Growing Agricultural Corridor
Authors: Lyimo Paulo J. , Kavana David J. , Shirima Deo D. , Bugingo Adili , Chidodo Simon , Bulenga George B. , Chilagane Nyemo , Kashaigili Japhet J. , Munishi Pantaleo K. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTSpecies conservation mainly depends on the conservation of their habitats where an understanding of the role that habitats have in supporting species diversity and richness is important. This study aimed to determine how heterogeneous habitats in growing agriculture corridors support the biodiversity of birds in terms of their diversity and abundance. We assessed the diversity, richness and abundance of bird species in six different habitats: miombo woodland, montane forests, lowland forests, agro‐ecosystems, wetland and riverine in Tanzania's growing agriculture corridor. We assumed that heterogeneous habitats significantly influence species abundance, richness and diversity. We recorded 299 bird species which were categorised into 10 trophic guilds. Among the guilds, invertebrate‐eating (52%) was the species‐rich guild and nectarivore (1%), herbivore aquatic (0.67%), herbivore terrestrial (0.67%) and scavenger (0.34%) were the least guilds in terms of species richness, abundance and diversity. The six habitats differed in terms of bird species richness, abundance and diversity; miombo woodlands had the highest levels of diversity. There was an even distribution of birds, despite the fact that wetlands and agro‐ecosystems had few species reported there. A number of endangered bird species were recorded in habitats with minimum disturbance. These species include Gyps africanus (CR), Ardeola idea, Polemaetus bellicosus and Terathopius ecaudatus (EN). In order to implement effective conservation measures for corridors and heterogeneous habitats, we advocate proper land use, conservation‐friendly agriculture and the implementation of conservation connectivity on small and large scales.
PWWP3A deficiency accelerates testicular senescence in aged mice
Authors: Chen Zhen , Liu Cong , Qu Wei , Han Yan , Zhu Xiaoyu , Li Zejia , Ma Dupeng , Huang Mengya , Gong Weihao , Sun Qi , Lei Junhao , Guo Rui , Luo Mengcheng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe PWWP domain‐containing proteins are involved in chromatin‐associated biological processes, including transcriptional regulation and DNA repair, and most of them are significant for gametogenesis and early embryonic development in mammals. PWWP3A, one of the PWWP domain proteins, is a reader of H3K36me2/H3K36me3 and a response factor to DNA damage. However, the physiological role of PWWP3A in spermatogenesis and fertility remains unclear.ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to explore the function and mechanism of PWWP3A in the process of spermatogenesis.Materials and methodsWe generated V5‐Pwwp3a KI mice and PWWP3A polyclonal antibody to observe the localization of PWWP3A in vivo. Meanwhile, Pwwp3a KO mice was used to explore the function in spermatogenesis.ResultsWe reported that PWWP3A is a predominant expression in the testis of mice. During spermatogenesis, PWWP3A exhibits the temporal expression from early‐pachytene to the round spermatids. The results of spermatocyte spreading and immunostaining showed that PWWP3A aggregated on the XY body, which then diffused as the XY chromosome separated at late‐diplotene. Although the depletion of PWWP3A had no obvious reproductive defects in young male mice, there were observed morphological abnormalities in sperm heads. Immunoprecipitation demonstrated the interaction of PWWP3A with DNA repair proteins SMC5/6; however, PWWP3A deficiency did not result in any meiotic defects. Notably, the testes of aged male Pwwp3a KO mice displayed pronounced degeneration, and were characterized by the presence of vacuolated seminiferous tubules. Furthermore, RNA‐seq analysis revealed an upregulation in the expression of genes which may be involving in immunoregulatory and inflammatory response pathways in aged Pwwp3a KO mice with testicular degeneration.ConclusionsOur study showed that PWWP3A was highly enriched in the mouse testis, and the Pwwp3a KO mice were fertile. However, the aged Pwwp3a KO male mice displayed testicular atrophy that may be due to changes in the immune micro‐environment or abnormal repair of DNA damage.
Serosurvey and associated risk factors for bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in cattle in Egypt
Authors: Marzok Mohamed , Gattan Hattan S. , Salem Mohamed , Selim Abdelfattah 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), is widely spread, poses a considerable risk of infection in the majority of dairy farms, causing respiratory, gastrointestinal, and reproductive problems. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and the risk variables associated with the seroprevalence of BVDV infection in cattle in four Egyptian governorates. A total of 680 blood samples were collected from cattle and examined for the presence of antibodies against BVDV using indirect ELISA (iELISA). Reproductive and management factors were considered, and epidemiological surveys were conducted. The total seroprevalence of BVDV in cattle was 18.24% (124/680) and it was significantly higher in females 19.66% (116/590), cattle older than 8 years 22.14% (62/280), dairy animals 22.65% (94/514), introduction of new animals to herd 21.39% (89/416), breeding with artificial insemination 28.46% (74/260), animals with history of abortion 28.76% (49/357), or during lactation stage 23% (89/387). The present findings suggest that BVD is prevalent in Egyptian dairy cattle and has an impact on farm productivity and production. Therefore, older, lactating, and aborted animals should also be identified for the disease, pose a risk of infection, and be handled appropriately.
From acceptance to change: The role of acceptance in the effectiveness of the Informative Process Model for conflict resolution
Authors: Ben‐Ezer Inbal , Rosler Nimrod , Sharvit Keren , Wiener‐Blotner Ori , Bar‐Tal Daniel , Nasie Meytal , Hameiri Boaz 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Informative Process Model (IPM) proposes an intervention to facilitate change in conflict‐supporting narratives in protracted conflicts. These narratives develop to help societies cope with conflict; but over time, they turn into barriers for its resolution. The IPM suggests raising awareness of the psychological processes responsible for the development of these narratives and their possibility for change, which may unfreeze conflict attitudes. Previous studies in the context of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict found that the IPM (versus control) increased participants' support for negotiations. In three preregistered studies (combined N = 2,509), we illuminate the importance of feeling that one's conflict‐related attitudes are accepted–that is, acknowledged without judgement–in explaining the effectiveness of the modeland expand the IPM's validity and generalizability: By showing the effectiveness of the IPM compared to an intervention similarly based on exposure to conflict‐related information (Study 1); by showing its effectiveness in unfreezing attitudes when communicating different thematic conflict‐supporting narratives–victimhood and security (Study 2); and by showing its effectiveness when using messages referring to ongoing, not only resolved conflicts, and text‐based, not only visually stimulating, message styles (Study 3). These results contribute to theory and practice on psychological interventions addressing the barrier of conflict‐supporting narratives.
The real McCoy: A record of deep‐water basin deposition in southwestern North America during the Cretaceous
Authors: Caylor Emilia A. , Carrapa Barbara , DeCelles Peter G. , Gehrels George E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe McCoy Mountains Formation (McMF) in southern California–Arizona preserves an anomalously thick record of sedimentation during the Mesozoic at a critical time when western North America experienced contrasting tectonic events related to intracontinental rifting along the Mexican Border rift system and consolidation of the North American Cordilleran system. The spaciotemporal interactions among these events and the development of the McCoy basin challenge our understanding of the evolution of the southern extent of North America. At its type locality in the McCoy Mountains, the McMF consists of ~ 7 km of low‐grade metasedimentary rocks, originally interpreted as meandering fluvial to alluvial‐fan deposits. Uncertainty in the initial timing of sedimentation in the McCoy basin has resulted in multiple tectonic models. We measured ~ 7160 m of detailed stratigraphy and present new sedimentological and detrital zircon results showing that the McCoy basin was occupied by deep‐water turbidite systems. These systems deposited an upward‐coarsening succession of fine‐ to coarse‐grained detritus during the Cretaceous (ca. 137–70 Ma). Provenance data indicate that the McCoy basin received sediment from Proterozoic basement rocks and metamorphosed Palaeozoic to early Mesozoic sedimentary units. These source rocks are equivalent to the stratigraphy found in the Grand Canyon and Colorado Plateau regions and were likely shed from the southward‐advancing Maria fold‐thrust belt and possibly the southern Sevier belt in southern Nevada and California. These results, combined with subsidence curves typical of foreland basins, favour deposition within a subaqueous flexural foreland basin system. The presence of a Cretaceous foreland basin this far southwest challenges previously proposed models and suggests that the contractional tectonic regime associated with the North American Cordillera extended into the southwestern most United States during the Early–Late Cretaceous.
Cognate beginnings to bilingual lexical acquisition
Authors: Garcia‐Castro Gonzalo , Avila‐Varela Daniela S. , Castillejo Ignacio , Sebastian‐Galles Nuria 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRecent studies suggest that cognateness boosts bilingual lexical acquisition. This study proposes an account in which language co‐activation accelerates accumulation of word‐learning instances across languages. This account predicts a larger cognate facilitation for words in the lower‐exposure language than in the higher‐exposure language, as the former receive co‐activation from their translations more frequently. Bayesian Item Response Theory was used to model acquisition trajectories for 604 Catalan‐Spanish translations from a dataset of 366 12–32 month‐old bilinguals (M = 22.23 months, 175 female, mainly White, collected 2020–2022). Results show a larger cognate facilitation for words in the lower‐exposure language (d = .276), than for words in the higher‐exposure language (d = .022), supporting a language exposure‐moderated account for the effect of cognateness on lexical acquisition.
Real‐world safety and treatment patterns of subcutaneous IgPro20 for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: Post‐marketing surveillance in Japan
Authors: Terasaka Naoki , Mizushima Takanori , Niwa Yuki , Akasaki Tetsushi , Usui Hideo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectivesIgPro20, a subcutaneous immunoglobulin replacement therapy, is approved in Japan for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). This post‐marketing surveillance study characterized real‐world treatment patterns and safety profile of injection site reactions associated with IgPro20 treatment in Japanese patients with CIDP.MethodsPatients with CIDP initiating IgPro20 between October 2019 and September 2022 at medical institutions in Japan were followed for 6 months. The primary outcome was the incidence of injection site reactions. Other outcomes included patient clinicodemographic characteristics, IgPro20 treatment status, CIDP‐related concomitant medications and any concurrent therapies.ResultsThe analysis included 108 patients from 38 sites. CIDP subtypes were typical (61.1%), multifocal acquired demyelinating sensory and motor neuropathy (multifocal; 19.4%), others (14.8%) or unknown (4.6%). Approximately one‐fifth (21.3%) of patients commenced IgPro20 at a dosage of <200 mg/kg, 27.8% at ≥200 to ≤300 mg/kg, 37.0% at >300 to ≤400 mg/kg and 11.1% at >400 mg/kg. Most doses (82.7%) were given at home: 62.0% self‐administered, 11.7% with caregiver and 8.9% with healthcare professional assistance. A total of 55 patients used CIDP‐related concomitant medications, including corticosteroids (35.2%), immunosuppressants (19.4%) or intravenous immunoglobulin G (7.4%). The data also showed that various treatment patterns were used for these combinations. A total of 40 patients (37.0%) experienced injection site reactions, most frequently injection site erythema (21.3%) and injection site swelling (17.6%); one case of ulcer occurred (0.9%). No significant relationship between injection dosage/speed and the incidence of injection site reactions was observed.ConclusionsThis study of the use of subcutaneous IgPro20 for CIDP in Japan showed a real‐world safety profile consistent with phase III trial data.
Progression of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas After Liver Transplantation
Authors: Busebee Bradley T. , Chin Jerry Yung‐Lun , Mara Kristin , Johnson Brad , Takahashi Naoki , Majumder Shounak , Watt Kymberly D. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundIntraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are the most commonly identified pancreatic cystic neoplasms. Incidentally detected IPMNs are common among liver transplant recipients. The risk of IPMN progression to pancreatic cancer in transplant recipients and the impact of immunosuppression on the risk of malignant transformation of IPMN are unclear.MethodsIn this retrospective study of consecutive liver transplant recipients across Mayo Clinic over a 13‐year period, patients were assessed for possible IPMN by automated chart review. Pancreatic cystic lesions were characterized as suspected IPMNs based on imaging criteria. Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the association between IPMN progression (the development of cancer or worrisome features) and clinical and immunosuppression regimen characteristics.ResultsOf 146 patients with suspected IPMNs, progression occurred in 7 patients (2 cases of IPMN‐associated cancer and 5 cases of worrisome features) over an average follow‐up of 66.6 months. Immunosuppression type, medication number, and tacrolimus trough levels were not associated with IPMN progression (p > 0.05). Combined kidney and liver transplantation (p = 0.005) and pretransplant cholangiocarcinoma (p = 0.012) were associated with IPMN progression.ConclusionIPMN progression is rare after liver transplantation even over an extended follow‐up period. The findings were notable for the absence of an association between IPMN progression and immunosuppression regimen. Larger studies are needed given the low incidence.
1115. Callicarpa glabra Koidz
Authors: Takeda Kazuya , Yamanaka Masumi , Vasques Diego T. 
Published: October 2024

SummaryCallicarpa glabra Koidz., described from the Bonin Islands in 1918, is illustrated. Its ecology and evolution are discussed along with the adaptive radiation of Callicarpa in the Bonin Islands. Oceanic island biota offer fascinating examples of evolution, but are also vulnerable to disturbance, so further efforts are needed to conserve the biodiversity of the Bonin Islands.
Psilocybin reduces functional correlation and the encoding of spatial information by neurons in mouse retrosplenial cortex
Authors: Ivan Victorita E. , Tomàs‐Cuesta David P. , Esteves Ingrid M. , Luczak Artur , Mohajerani Majid , McNaughton Bruce L. , Gruber Aaron J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPsychedelic drugs have profound effects on perception, cognition and mood. How psychedelics affect neural signaling to produce these effects remains poorly understood. We investigated the effect of the classic psychedelic psilocybin on neural activity patterns and spatial encoding in the retrosplenial cortex of head‐fixed mice navigating on a treadmill. The place specificity of neurons to distinct locations along the belt was reduced by psilocybin. Moreover, the stability of place‐related activity across trials decreased. Psilocybin also reduced the functional correlation among simultaneously recorded neurons. The 5‐HT2AR (serotonin 2A receptor) antagonist ketanserin blocked these effects. These data are consistent with proposals that psychedelics increase the entropy of neural signaling and provide a potential neural mechanism contributing to disorientation frequently reported by humans after taking psychedelics.
Assessing the Impacts of Adaptation to Native‐Range Habitats and Contemporary Founder Effects on Genetic Diversity in an Invasive Fish
Authors: Bernos Thaïs A. , Lajbner Zdenek , Kotlík Petr , Hill Jacklyn M. , Marková Silvia , Yick Jonah , Mandrak Nicholas E. , Jeffries Ken M. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTSpecies invading non‐native habitats can cause irreversible environmental damage and economic harm. Yet, how introduced species become widespread invaders remains poorly understood. Adaptation within native‐range habitats and rapid adaptation to new environments may both influence invasion success. Here, we examine these hypotheses using 7058 SNPs from 36 native, 40 introduced and 19 farmed populations of tench, a fish native to Eurasia. We examined genetic structure among these populations and accounted for long‐term evolutionary history within the native range to assess whether introduced populations exhibited lower genetic diversity than native populations. Subsequent to infer genotype–environment correlations within native‐range habitats, we assessed whether adaptation to native environments may have shaped the success of some introduced populations. At the broad scale, two glacial refugia contributed to the ancestry and genomic diversity of tench. However, native, introduced and farmed populations of admixed origin exhibited up to 10‐fold more genetic diversity (i.e., observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity and allelic richness) compared to populations with predominantly single‐source ancestry. The effects of introduction to a new location were also apparent as introduced populations exhibited fewer private alleles (mean = 9.9 and 18.9 private alleles in introduced and native populations, respectively) and higher population‐specific Fst compared to native populations, highlighting their distinctiveness relative to the pool of allelic frequencies across tench populations. Finally, introduced populations with varying levels of genetic variation and similar genetic compositions have become established and persisted under strikingly different climatic and ecological conditions. Our results suggest that lack of prior adaptation and low genetic variation may not consistently hinder the success of introduced populations for species with a demonstrated ability to expand their native range.
Predicting the equity premium with a high‐threshold risk level and the price of risk
Authors: Bansal Naresh , Stivers Chris 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOver 1990 to 2023, we show that time variation in the U.S. equity premium is captured well by a parsimonious model with the CBOE's implied‐volatility index VIX and the sentiment index of Baker and Wurgler (2006, Journal of Finance, 61, 1645–1680). The equity premium declines linearly with sentiment but increases nonlinearly with VIX, stepping up appreciably when VIX exceeds a threshold around its 80th to 85th percentile. For 6‐ and 12‐month forecasting horizons, the predictive adjusted R2 values are about 19% and 29%, respectively. Our predictive findings are robustly evident for 1‐, 3‐, 6‐, and 12‐month horizons, in subperiods, for in‐sample and out‐of‐sample evaluations, and when adding control variables. Our interpretation is that a high‐VIX threshold identifies episodes of market stress that generally have both a sharply higher level of risk and an elevated price of risk. Sentiment complements VIX and seems particularly effective in identifying times with a low price of risk.
How do block orders affect trade premium and order execution quality on the Taiwan stock exchange?
Authors: Lien Donald , Hung Pi‐Hsia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis research investigates how block orders affect trade premium and order execution quality across trader types in Taiwan's order‐driven call market. Foreign investors place buy‐side block orders at a smaller premium compared to individuals, while submitting sell‐side block orders at a smaller discount than individuals. Block orders tend to have longer order duration but lower fill rates. Domestic institutions themselves complete their orders faster than individuals do. Foreign investors have better market‐timing capabilities either for buying or selling block orders and thus obtain shorter order duration but higher fill rate.