bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selecting laser eye protectors – a helping hand
Authors: Gappenach Catherine , Krüger Jörg , Offenhäuser Friedrich , Pintaske Sabine , Krauß Hans-Joachim 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The European laser safety standards EN 207, EN 208, and EN 12254 each contain an annex B, which serves as a guidance for the selection of products. These annexes are informative only and are therefore not binding. As there are a variety of hazard scenarios, it is not recommended to change these annexes to a normative status, through which they would become mandatory. Instead, it is recommended to allow users to apply their own skills and know-how in selecting appropriate products, justifying where and why they deviate from the guidance in the standards. This paper explains the background on which the guidance for selection in the annexes of the standards is based and shows physically meaningful leeway.
Transformation of Phenolic Compounds by Fe(III) in the Aqueous Solution in Dark and Under Irradiation
Authors: Belattar S. , Debbache N. , Seraghni N. , Sehili T. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The degradation of phenolic compounds (PC) by Fe(III) aquacomplexes was investigated in homogeneous phase at neutral pH in dark and using monochromatic irradiation lamp (365 nm). The process of degradation depends essentially on the concentration of monomeric species, which is the most reactive species in terms of HO• radicals formation. A dark study of a system containing a mixture of phenolic compounds (3,5-dimethylphenol, 2,6-dimethylphenol, m-methylphenol, phenol) and Fe(III) was performed before starting the photochemical study. In this step only the 2,6-dimethylphenol give a thermal reaction with iron in homogenous solution. Under monochromatic excitation (365 nm), the photodegradation of PC induced by Fe(III) aquacomplexes showed that this process followed pseudo first-order kinetic. We investigate also the effect of initial concentrations of Fe(OH)2+, Fe(III) and the substrate. Tertiobutanol, used as scavenger of (HO•), confirmed that this radical was the main pathway of PC degradation. However the degradation of the 2,6-dimethylphenol in the presence of tertiobutanol, was not slowed completely which confirm that the degradation was a combination of thermal and photochemical reactions.
Homology cluster differential expression analysis for interspecies mRNA-Seq experiments
Authors: Gelfond Jonathan A. , Ibrahim Joseph G. , Chen Ming-Hui , Sun Wei , Lewis Kaitlyn , Kinahan Sean , Hibbs Matthew , Buffenstein Rochelle 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThere is an increasing demand for exploration of the transcriptomes of multiple species with extraordinary traits such as the naked-mole rat (NMR). The NMR is remarkable because of its longevity and resistance to developing cancer. It is of scientific interest to understand the molecular mechanisms that impart these traits, and RNA-sequencing experiments with comparator species can correlate transcriptome dynamics with these phenotypes. Comparing transcriptome differences requires a homology mapping of each transcript in one species to transcript(s) within the other. Such mappings are necessary, especially if one species does not have well-annotated genome available. Current approaches for this type of analysis typically identify the best match for each transcript, but the best match analysis ignores the inherent risks of mismatch when there are multiple candidate transcripts with similar homology scores. We present a method that treats the set of homologs from a novel species as a cluster corresponding to a single gene in the reference species, and we compare the cluster-based approach to a conventional best-match analysis in both simulated data and a case study with NMR and mouse tissues. We demonstrate that the cluster-based approach has superior power to detect differential expression.
Optische Qualitätsprüfung von Batterieseparatoren
Authors: Huber Josef , Tammer Christoph , Kempter Adrian , Seidel Christian , Reinhart Gunther 
Published: November 2015

Zusammenfassung
Die Anforderungen an die Sicherheit von Lithium-Ionen-Zellen
rücken durch deren Einsatz in Elektrofahrzeugen zunehmend in den
Vordergrund. Als Basis für die Zellsicherheit müssen typische
Produktionsfehler in Batterieseparatoren zuverlässig erkannt
werden. Die Bildverarbeitung stellt hierfür eine geeignete Methode
dar. Nachfolgend wird ein System zur Qualitätskontrolle
beschrieben, das eine Detektion dieser Fehler ermöglicht. Die
Besonderheit ist dabei die Unterscheidung auftretender Defektarten
untereinander und die Abgrenzung von nicht qualitätsrelevanten
optischen Effekten mittels eines expertenbasierten Ansatzes zur
Fehlerklassifikation.
Does Dutch a-scrambling involve movement? Evidence from antecedent priming
Authors: van de Koot Hans , Silva Renita , Felser Claudia , Sato Mikako 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe present study focuses on A-scrambling in Dutch, a local word-order alternation that typically signals the discourse-anaphoric status of the scrambled constituent. We use cross-modal priming to investigate whether an A-scrambled direct object gives rise to antecedent reactivation effects in the position where a movement theory would postulate a trace. Our results indicate that this is not the case, thereby providing support for a base-generation analysis of A-scrambling in Dutch.
Performance of piled raft foundations subjected to dynamic loading
Authors: Horikoshi Kenichi , Matsumoto Tatsunori , Hashizume Yoshinori , Watanabe Toru 
Published: November 2015

A series of shaking table tests were conducted on piled raft foundations on sand by using a geotechnical centrifuge. The results were compared with those obtained from the static horizontal loading tests of the same models which have been reported by Horikoshi et al. (2003). Effects of the rigidity at pile head connection on the dynamic behavior were examined. Also shown are the results of the dynamic loading test of a free-standing pile group with the same number of piles to examine the contribution of the load transferred through the raft base. Principal findings from the present study are: 1) The horizontal load-displacement relationships and the bending moment distributions agree well between the dynamic models and the static models. The proportion of the horizontal load carried by each component is highly dependent on the horizontal displacement of the piled raft system; 2) The horizontal stiffness of the piled raft with the hinged pile head connection was smaller than that of the piled raft with the rigid pile head connection; 3) The proportion of the vertical load carried by the piles remains largely unchanged during dynamic loading, while the proportion of horizontal load carried by the piles increases as the horizontal displacement increases; 4) The inclination of the piled raft during shaking is much smaller than that of the pile group due to the contribution of the soil resistance just beneath the raft.
Hydrogen sulfide removal by bacteria from upflow anaerobic sludge blanket
Authors: Doungprasopsuk Walailuk , Suwanvitaya Patcharaporn 
Published: November 2015

This study investigated the biological removal of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from biogas by anaerobic wastewater treatment processes. Heterotrophic and autotrophic bacteria were isolated from upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB)-mixed liquor of fruit processing factory using nutrient broth and thiosulfate mineral salt medium, respectively. Hydrogen sulfide-removal activities were investigated using sterile UASB-mixed liquor and hydrogen sulfide as growth substrates. It was found that the growth rate of autotrophic bacteria (319 mg VSS l−1 day−1) was higher than that of the heterotrophic bacteria (267 mg VSS l−1 day−1). Hydrogen sulfide(g) was totally removed by absorption into liquid phase: 78·24% removal of aqueous sulfide (S2−(aq)) was achieved by autotrophs and 68·03% by heterotrophs. Molecular identification by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis technique and DNA sequencing showed that heterotrophic consortium consisted of Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf0-1, P. aeruginosa PAO1, P. putida KT2440, Bacillus megaterium DSM319 and B. cereus ATCC14579. Autotrophic consortium consisted of Thiobacillus thioparus NZ, T. denitrificans ATCC25259 and Halothiobacillus neapolitanus c2.
Food habits of the aoudad Ammotragus lervia in the Bou Hedma mountains, Tunisia
Authors: Mimoun Jamel Ben , Nouira Saïd 
Published: November 2015

A micro-histological analysis of composite faecal samples was used to determine the food plants consumed by the aoudad Ammotragus lervia (Barbary sheep) in the mountains of Bou Hedma National Park, as well as to study food preferences and seasonal variation of the diet of this ungulate. A total of 19 plant species was identified in the faecal samples: 8 grasses, 6 browse types and 5 forbs. The annual diet of this ungulate is composed of approximately 67% grasses, 17% browse and 16% forbs. Two grass species, Stipa parviflora and Stipa tenacissima, comprised 97% of grasses consumed and 63% of the annual diet, and were eaten in the year with considerably greater frequency than any other plant species. The diet of the aoudad at Bou Hedma National Park showed a seasonal variation. For example, grasses were consumed the entire year with a preference in spring (72.57%) and summer (78.31%), but their occurrence in the diet dropped in winter (38.7%). Browse was eaten preferentially in autumn (21.86%) and forbs were utilised most during winter (43.22%) and least during summer (7.53%). Our results show the plasticity of the Tunisian aoudad’s diet and identify it predominantly as a grazer.
Religiosidade e crença em Deus no período pré-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca: estudo exploratório
Authors: Gomes Eduardo Tavares , Espinha Daniele Corcioli Mendes , Bezerra Simone Maria Muniz da Silva 
Published: November 2015

Objetivo: Analisar as relações entre a crença em Deus e a religiosidade no período pré-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca. Método: Estudo exploratório, qualitativo, em que utilizou-se uma entrevista semiestruturada e a análise de Bardin para a extração dos conteúdos. Foram entrevistados 12 pacientes que se apresentavam como crentes em Deus, de qualquer religião e com elevado bem-estar espiritual avaliado previamente por uma escala validada. A questão norteadora da pesquisa foi: há relação entre o seu Deus e o seu adoecimento? Resultado: Os discursos versavam sobre as relações entre Deus, adoecimento e cirurgia cardíaca e o enfretamento da doença e do trâmite cirúrgico. A mazela não foi relacionada veementemente ao castigo divino, mas o conhecimento da progressão da doença cardíaca relacionada a hábitos de vida modificáveis revelou-se ligado a sentimentos de culpa. Conclusão: A crença em Deus repercutiu positivamente no encontro com um novo sentido para o trâmite cirúrgico.
Changes in Physiological Traits in Soybean with Breeding Advancements
Authors: Keep N.R. , Schapaugh W.T. , Prasad P.V.V. , Boyer J.E. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTPlant breeding makes important contributions to increased production of food and fiber. The objective of this research was to characterize the changes in physiological traits in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] that have occurred with breeding advancements. Sixty maturity group (MG) III and 54 MG IV cultivars, released from the 1920s through 2010, were evaluated in MG‐specific experiments in dryland and irrigated environments at Manhattan, KS, in 2010 and 2011. Genotypes were planted in four‐row, 3.4‐m‐long plots 76 cm apart and arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Genotypes were evaluated for canopy temperature (CT), leaf chlorophyll content (Chlor), pollen germination (PG), electrolyte leakage (EL) and leaf antioxidants (TAC). Genotypes differed for CT, Chlor, and PG in each of the two MGs. Among genotypes seed yield increased with year of release (YOR) in both MGs, as well as Chlor content. Canopy temperature and seed yield decreased with YOR in both MGs. This study provided evidence that CT and Chlor changed over time along with changes in maturity, plant height, lodging, and disease resistance. The changes have resulted in corresponding improvements in seed yield. The relationships between CT and Chlor with seed yield provide support to intentionally select for these traits in plant breeding programs as a possible means to improve genetic gain.
Plant Characteristics of High‐Yielding Upland Rice Cultivars in West Africa
Authors: Saito Kazuki 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTIn West Africa, upland rice (Oryza spp.) is typically grown in low‐input production systems under low soil fertility conditions. Genetic improvement may offer a cost‐effective approach to improving the productivity rather than approaches that rely solely on external nutrient inputs. In the 1990s, the upland rice breeding program of the West Africa Rice Development Association (now Africa Rice Center [AfricaRice]) developed New Rice for Africa (NERICA) cultivars. However, recent studies suggest that there is scope for improving on the currently available NERICA cultivars. The objectives of this study are to (i) quantify yield advantage of two cultivars (Aus 257 and IR 74371‐3‐1‐1) which were identified as high‐yielding ones from a wide range of materials, over NERICA 1, and (ii) identify plant characteristics of these two high‐yielding cultivars. Data were compiled from nine on‐station and 23 on‐farm trials in Benin. On average over all the trials, the two cultivars out yielded local check upland NERICA 1. Particularly, their relative yield advantage was higher when NERICA 1 showed low yield. Aus 257 had greater biomass accumulation, harvest index (HI), and uptake of N, P, and K. Greater biomass accumulation was the result of high leaf area index (LAI). Cultivar variation in nutrient‐use efficiency also contributed to high yield, and IR 74371‐3‐1‐1 showed higher nutrient‐use efficiency than NERICA 1 and Aus 257. These results suggest that the use of the two cultivars with greater biomass accumulation, harvest index, nutrient uptake, and use efficiency is critical for improving rice yield.
Trait Combinations That Improve Rice Yield under Drought: Sahbhagi Dhan and New Drought‐Tolerant Varieties in South Asia
Authors: Anantha M.S. , Patel Devraj , Quintana Marinell , Swain Padmini , Dwivedi Jawaharlal L. , Torres Rolando O. , Verulkar Satish B. , Variar Mukund , Mandal Nimai P. , Kumar Arvind , Henry Amelia 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTDrought is one of the most severe constraints reducing rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield in rainfed environments. ‘Sahbhagi Dhan’ (IR74371‐70‐1‐1) is a drought‐tolerant rice variety that was released in India in 2010—and subsequently in Nepal as ‘Sukha Dhan 3’ and in Bangladesh as ‘BRRI Dhan 56’—and has performed well in rainfed farmers’ fields. This study was conducted to understand the physiological drought response characteristics of Sahbhagi Dhan that contribute to its increased yield under drought. Physiological characterization of Sahbhagi Dhan and other newer breeding lines was conducted across multiple seasons at one site in the Philippines and at four sites in India. Several distinct traits of Sahbhagi Dhan were observed: high emergence rates under direct‐seeded germination‐stage stress, a high proportion of total root length as lateral roots in some seasons, high harvest index under drought, and high yield stability across wet seasons. However, some unfavorable responses of Sahbhagi Dhan were observed: impaired growth when sown during seasons with early‐stage cold temperatures or low solar radiation, resulting in relatively low yield stability across dry seasons. These results point to the importance of combining multiple traits for yield stability across drought‐prone environments. Some of the newly developed breeding lines showed even greater yield stability than Sahbhagi Dhan, reflecting the effectiveness of ongoing improvement through direct selection for grain yield under drought that has resulted in advantageous combinations of physiological traits to increase yield in farmers’ fields.
Discovery of a Dhurrin QTL in Sorghum: Co‐localization of Dhurrin Biosynthesis and a Novel Stay‐green QTL
Authors: Hayes Chad M. , Weers Brock D. , Thakran Manish , Burow Gloria , Xin Zhanguo , Emendack Yves , Burke John J. , Rooney William L. , Mullet John E. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTDhurrin [(S)‐p‐hydroxymandelonitrile‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside] is a cyanogenic glucoside produced by sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) and is generally considered a natural defense compound capable of producing the toxin hydrogen cyanide (HCN) to deter animal herbivory. Recently, high levels of leaf dhurrin have been found in grain sorghum genotypes that also exhibit stay‐green during postanthesis water deficit. Post‐flowering drought tolerance (stay‐green) in sorghum is an economically important trait in sorghum production regions where drought stress postanthesis is common. Stay‐green is associated with reduced lodging, charcoal rot resistance, increased grain fill, and increased grain yield. The genetic control of stay‐green is complex, with multiple quantitative trait loci (QTL) being identified in affecting expression of stay‐grain. Here we report the discovery of a dhurrin QTL (Dhu1) on SBI01 using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping population derived from BTx642/Tx7000. Leaf dhurrin was highly heritable and Dhu1 explained a large percentage of the variation of leaf dhurrin in the population. Dhu1 is aligned with genes involved in dhurrin biosynthesis (CYP79A1, CYP71E1, UGT85B1). Protein sequence variants found in CYP71E1 and UGT85B1 could be the cause of the observed differences in leaf dhurrin levels in BTx642, Tx7000, and other sorghum lines that vary in leaf dhurrin content. Dhu1 is also aligned with a previously un‐identified stay‐green QTL (Stg5) on SBI01, consistent with prior studies showing an association between high leaf dhurrin levels, this region of SBI01, and expression of the stay‐green trait.
The Influence of Cigarette Designs and Smoking Regimes on Vapour Phase Yields
Authors: Purkis W , Mueller C , Intorp M , Seidel H 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Cigarettes with similar design features but with either cellulose acetate or dual carbon filters were made at 1-mg and 13-mg “tar” levels, as determined under the ISO smoking procedure. Products were smoked under the ISO, Massachusetts and Canadian smoking regimes to provide per-cigarette and per-puff yields of twelve vapour phase (VP) smoke components. The yields generated at the lit end of the cigarette and the significant yield reductions caused by filter ventilation, selective (carbon) adsorption, tobacco rod ventilation and diffusion were estimated in a modelling approach. For a “1-mg tar” carbon-filtered product it was estimated that the VP generated at the lit end was reduced by 99.4% to a machine yield of 17 µg/cig under ISO smoking conditions. Under the Canadian regime with 100% vent blocking, the estimated total VP was lowered 20% by tobacco rod effects and 15% by carbon filter adsorption giving a machine yield of 3487 µg/cig. The carbon filter adsorbed less efficiently partly due to the artificially high smoke temperatures through the filter that would probably not be tolerated by human smokers. Under the Massachusetts regime with 50% vent blocking, conditions better associated with human smoking, the total VP was lowered 51% by filter ventilation, 22% by tobacco rod effects and 17% by carbon filter adsorption giving a machine yield of 659 µg/cig. Ventilation is used to achieve “tar”/nicotine/carbon monoxide yield ceilings at 10/1/10 mg based on the current ISO smoking method. If future regulations were to mandate further reductions in VP then this will only be selectively achieved by increasing filter or tobacco rod ventilation/porosity or by using selective adsorption. It is inevitable that manufacturers will need to add further ventilation into their product to comply with such regulations and this should be reflected in any smoking regime. Furthermore, regimes with 100% vent blocking, that do not produce data reflecting the significant reductions in VP yields, provided to the smoker by ventilation, are misleading and their results will not correlate with relevant biomarker data. When proposing a different smoking regime, it is essential to understand the generation and transfer of smoke within cigarettes and factors involved in the subsequent data interpretation as described in this work. For regulatory evaluation purposes, cigarette characterisation using a regime that removes ventilation, one of the main design tools, is more misleading than the current ISO regime or one with partial vent blocking.
Determination of Aromatic Amines in Cigarette Mainstream Smoke - The CORESTA 2007 Joint Experiment
Authors: Intorp M , Purkis S 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
CORESTA joint experiment work in 2006 had compared data on a wide range of smoke constituents obtained from Kentucky reference cigarettes (1R5F and 2R4F), according to the existing methods used by participants. This work had identified that the methods used to determine aromatic amine yields in mainstream smoke would particularly benefit from further study to investigate the main weaknesses and influencing factors in their yield variability before progressing to full method standardisation. This report describes the output from a 2007 joint experiment to address these issues. Participating laboratories carried out experiments to investigate several factors that had been identified in the methodology as potential sources of variability. These were the amine derivative type, the derivatisation time and the point at which the addition of the internal standard for calibration occurred. A statistical assessment was made of their possible influence on aromatic amine smoke yields and yield reproducibility across different laboratories. Results showed that aromatic amines again had poor between-laboratory yield reproducibility. The stage at which the internal standard was added to the smoke sample had the most significant effect on yields. The least variable data were obtained when it was added directly after extraction from the filter pad rather than later in the process. It also appeared beneficial to use at least two calibration standards (i.e., an aminonaphthalene and an aminobiphenyl) to minimise yield differences although this recommendation was not supported by statistically significant data. Large differences in yields were not found when comparing the two studied derivatising agents especially when compared against the greater overall between-laboratory variability. Any differences between laboratories in total particulate matter and puff count at the smoke collection stage did not appear to significantly contribute to betweenlaboratory differences in yields. It appeared that some laboratories had significantly improved their methodology since the last study although high values for the between-laboratory reproducibility in this study were still found. It may be that significant improvements in reproducibility may not be forthcoming for compounds such as the aromatic amines measured at low nanogram smoke yields. Some important features that need to be controlled to minimise variability were identified in this study and will be incorporated within a collaborative study leading to a recommended method. Also, a wider range of product styles will need to be investigated, to determine the effects of differences in tobacco blends and product styles and the potential of greater product variability of commercial products. This should provide more robust estimates of within-laboratory repeatability and between-laboratory reproducibility.