bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CEO duality and bribery: the roles of gender and national culture
Authors: Tuliao Kristine Velasquez , Chen Chung-wen 
Published: January 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the cross-cultural impact of CEO-Chair’s gender to the likelihood of CEO duality firm’s bribery.Design/methodology/approachHierarchical linear modeling was used to analyze data of 5,837 CEO duality firms from 21 countries.FindingsFirms with male CEO-Chairs were found to have higher propensity to bribe than their female counterparts. Moreover, cultural values of institutional collectivism and performance orientation strengthened gender’s impact to bribery. In contrast, future orientation weakened the gender-bribery relationship, as opposed to the proposed effect.Practical implicationsKey findings of this study can be utilized to increase awareness and widen perspective on the roles of CEO-Chair’s gender and national culture on bribery. These can also be useful in the selection of CEO-Chair, design of educational programs on ethics as well as government and non-governments’ programs and policies to minimize incidents of bribery.Originality/valueThere are no existing studies on CEO duality firm’s bribery which performed cross-cultural analysis on the impact of CEO-Chair’s gender, making the study a novel contribution to business ethics, organizational structure, corporate governance, management decision, transparency, and accountability.
Symbolic Management and the Glass Cliff: Evidence from the Boardroom Careers of Female and Male Directors
Authors: Main Brian G. M. , Gregory‐Smith Ian 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis paper uses archival board data to demonstrate that women who take positions as directors of UK companies have shorter tenures than their male counterparts. The authors show that female directors face a much higher risk of dismissal as they approach nine years of service on the board, when their long service deprives them of the all‐important classification as ‘independent’. At this point, their position on the board becomes precarious. Male directors do not suffer the same increase in boardroom exit. This gender‐specific difference is clearly shown to be linked to the independence status. It is argued that these observations are consistent with the notion that female directors are being used in the symbolic management of corporate governance and that, at nine years, when the cloak of independence disappears, women directors are then exposed to the biases that arise from role congruity issues.
The impact of CES1 genotypes on the pharmacokinetics of methylphenidate in healthy Danish subjects
Authors: Stage Claus , Jürgens Gesche , Guski Louise Schow , Thomsen Ragnar , Bjerre Ditte , Ferrero‐Miliani Laura , Lyauk Yassine Kamal , Rasmussen Henrik Berg , Dalhoff Kim ,   The INDICES Consortium
Published: January 2017

AimsThis study investigated the influence of CES1 variations, including the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs71647871 (G143E) and variation in copy number, on the pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of 10 mg methylphenidate.MethodsCES1 genotype was obtained from 200 healthy Danish Caucasian volunteers. Based on the genotype, 44 (19 males and 25 females) were invited to participate in an open, prospective trial involving six predefined genotypes: three groups with two, three and four CES1 copies, respectively; a group of carriers of the CES1 143E allele; a group of individuals homozygous for CES1A1c (CES1VAR); and a group having three CES1 copies, in which the duplication, CES1A2, had increased transcriptional activity. Plasma concentrations of methylphenidate and its primary metabolites were determined at scheduled time points.ResultsMedian AUC of d‐methylphenidate was significantly larger in the group carrying the 143E allele (53.3 ng ml−1 h−1, range 38.6–93.9) than in the control group (21.4 ng ml−1 h−1, range 15.7–34.9) (P < 0.0001). Median AUC of d‐methylphenidate was significantly larger in the group with four CES1 copies (34.5 ng ml−1 h−1, range 21.3–62.8) than in the control group (P = 0.01) and the group with three CES1 copies (23.8 ng ml−1 h−1, range 15.3–32.0, P = 0.03). There was no difference between the groups with two and three copies of CES1.ConclusionsThe 143E allele resulted in an increased AUC, suggesting a significantly decreased CES1 enzyme activity. Surprisingly, this was also the case in subjects with homozygous duplication of CES1, perhaps reflecting an undiscovered mutation affecting the activity of the enzyme.
Rapid antidepressant effect of ketamine correlates with astroglial plasticity in the hippocampus
Authors: Ardalan Maryam , Rafati Ali H. , Nyengaard Jens R. , Wegener Gregers 
Published: January 2017

Background and purposeAstroglia contribute to the pathophysiology of major depression and antidepressant drugs act by modulating synaptic plasticity; therefore, the present study investigated whether the fast antidepressant action of ketamine is reflected in a rapid alteration of the astrocytes’ morphology in a genetic animal model of depression.Experimental ApproachS‐Ketamine (15 mg·kg−1) or saline was administered as a single injection to Flinders Line (FSL/ FRL) rats. Twenty‐four hours after the treatment, perfusion fixation was carried out and the morphology of glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP)‐positive astrocytes in the CA1 stratum radiatum (CA1.SR) and the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus (GCL) of the hippocampus was investigated by applying stereological techniques and analysis with Imaris software. The depressive‐like behaviour of animals was also evaluated using forced swim test.Key ResultsFSL rats treated with ketamine exhibited a significant reduction in immobility time in comparison with the FSL‐vehicle group. The volumes of the hippocampal CA1.SR and GCL regions were significantly increased 1 day after ketamine treatment in the FSL rats. The size of astrocytes in the ketamine‐treated FSL rats was larger than those in the FSL‐vehicle group. Additionally, the number and length of the astrocytic processes in the CA1.SR region were significantly increased 1 day following ketamine treatment.Conclusions and ImplicationsOur results support the hypothesis that astroglial atrophy contributes to the pathophysiology of depression and a morphological modification of astrocytes could be one mechanism by which ketamine rapidly improves depressive behaviour.
Institutional environment and bank loans: Evidence from 25 developing countries
Authors: Qian Xianhang , Cao Tingqiu , Cao Chunfang 
Published: January 2017

AbstractManuscript Type:EmpiricalResearch Question/Issue:This study tries to verify the impact of institutional environment, namely legal protection, law enforcement, trust and religion, on bank loans in the context of developing countries. In addition, we investigate the interactive effect of formal and informal institutions.Research Findings/Insights:Using survey data on enterprises from 25 developing countries, we find that institutional environment can significantly affect bank loans in developing countries. Compared with formal institutions, informal ones are relatively efficient at alleviating enterprises’ financial constraints, while law enforcement is more important than legal protection within the set of formal institutions. The split‐sample tests indicate that informal and formal institutions have substitutive effects on firms’ loan financing.Theoretical/Academic Implications:This study provides evidence of the impact of institutions on loan contracts in developing countries and sheds light on the importance of law enforcement and informal institutions. It suggests new avenues of research on the loan contract from a neo‐institutional perspective.Practitioner/Policy Implications:This study offers inspiration to the governments of developing countries interested in promoting enterprise development. In addition, it provides efficient methods that entrepreneurs can use to reduce the financing constraints on enterprises in the context of lower legal protection.
Uncommon castration complication: Penile amputation and sheath ablation following an iatrogenic phallectomy
Authors: Beavers K. N. , Mitchell C. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThis report describes the repair of an iatrogenic phallectomy that occurred during an attempted castration of a horse that was discovered to be a unilateral cryptorchid (inguinal testis). Use of a modification of a described phallectomy and sheath ablation technique allowed penile retroversion to be avoided, decreasing excessive dissection and post‐operative morbidity, despite the urethral orifice being positioned more caudally than previously reported.
Desmotomy of the accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon for treatment of chronic deep digital flexor tendinopathy in three Quarter Horses
Authors: Humbach K. E. , Gutierrez‐Nibeyro S. D. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryEffective treatments for horses diagnosed with severe deep digital flexor (DDF) tendinopathy are limited. In this study, three Quarter Horses diagnosed with severe bilateralDDFtendinopathy underwent bilateral desmotomy of the accessory ligament of theDDFtendon after failing to respond to conservative therapy. Lameness markedly improved in all three horses. Given that severeDDFtendinopathy is typically associated with persistent or recurrent lameness, desmotomy of the accessory ligament of theDDFtendon might be a treatment option to alleviate lameness in horses withDDFtendinopathy. This treatment option appears promising; however, a larger number of cases is necessary to support the results in these three horses.
Impact of porosity and thickness of nano‐TiO2 films on the corrosion protection performance of C‐steel in H2SO4
Authors: Khalaf Mai , Abd El‐Lateef Hany 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe current study investigates the improvement in the corrosion protection performance of C‐steel after being dip‐coated with nano films from both pure TiO2 and poly ethylene glycol (PEG) modified TiO2. Characterization of the deposited TiO2 films was performed by different techniques. Effect of morphology, porosity, and thickness of the deposited TiO2 layers were also studied. Results revealed an increased corrosion protection of both coated TiO2 films as compared to uncoated samples, with pure TiO2 (without PEG) samples showing higher protection. Moreover, increasing the layer thickness of both types of TiO2 coated films improved the protective properties.
Human leucocyte antigen–adverse drug reaction associations: from a perspective of ethnicity
Authors: Ghattaoraya G. S. , Middleton D. , Santos E. J. M. , Dickson R. , Jones A. R. , Alfirevic A. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryWhilst immune‐mediated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are rare, they are potentially life‐threatening and present a major problem for clinicians. The underlying mechanisms that cause ADRs are not fully understood although genomewide association studies (GWAS) and case–control investigations have associated human leucocyte antigen (HLA) alleles as risk factors. There is evidence that a patient's ethnic background can have an impact on their risk of developing an ADR. This review summarizes the evidence related to HLA alleles and ADRs with particular focus on patient ethnicity. Our analysis indicated that many of the alleles which have been associated with ADRs are found at higher frequencies in Asian populations. The data also showed that many of the alleles that are reported to be statistically significantly associated with ADRs are in linkage disequilibrium with each other and that they form haplotypes specific to certain ethnicities indicating at least some of the allele associations may not be causal.
Screening and treating Helicobacter pylori infection for gastric cancer prevention on the population level
Authors: Lee Yi‐Chia , Lin Jaw‐Town 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHelicobacter pylori infection is the major cause of gastric cancer, and removal of H. pylori infection from a population could theoretically decrease the number of cases by about 89%. However, in real‐life settings, few studies have reported the effect of screening and treating this pathogen in population‐based programs. This is mainly because of the lack of an adequate infrastructure for delivery of systematic screening services to asymptomatic individuals, the lack of standardization to ensure that each subject receives the correct diagnostic testing and antibiotic treatment, and limited resources. We illustrate our method of implementing two population‐based screen‐and‐treat programs in Taiwan, where the epidemiological characteristics of disease burden have changed from the traditionally Eastern pattern towards that of the Western countries. Our first example is a high‐risk population that resides on an offshore island, in which a strategy of mass eradication of H. pylori was applied. The other example is an intermediate‐risk population, which is representative of the general average‐risk population, in which there is integration of the screen‐and‐treat method with the established framework of colorectal cancer screening using the fecal‐occult blood test. The information provided here may be useful for integration of gastric cancer prevention measures into the healthcare priorities of populations with different gastric cancer risks, such as those with limited resources.
CpG island methylator phenotype is an independent predictor of survival after curative resection for colorectal cancer: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Kim Chang Hyun , Huh Jung Wook , Kim Hyeong Rok , Kim Young Jin 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackground and AimsThe CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) is found in approximately 30% of colorectal cancer (CRC) cases. However, the role of CIMP status in predicting oncologic outcomes in curatively resected CRC is still unclear.StudyBetween January 2006 and December 2006, we retrospectively reviewed 157 consecutive patients who underwent curative surgery for CRC. Prognostic significance of CIMP status was evaluated using reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction.ResultsCIMP‐high (H) and CIMP‐none/low (N/L) tumors were found in 50 cases (31.8%) and 107 cases (68.2%), respectively. CIMP‐H tumors were significantly associated with female sex, colonic location, poorly/mucinous histologic type, higher T category, perineural invasion, and MSI‐high status (P = 0.001). During a median of 64.5 months, tumor recurrence developed in 47 (29.9%) patients. The 5‐year disease‐free survival for CIMP‐H and CIMP‐N/L was 61.4% and 76.3% (P = 0.018). In addition, multivariate analysis showed that CIMP‐H was also a significant prognostic factor (P = 0.042). When analysis was performed according to anatomical location, more marked survival differences were observed in patients with colon cancer (P = 0.026) than in patients with rectal cancer (P = 0.210). Similarly, the role of CIMP status as a prognostic indicator was more prominent in patients with stage I/II (P = 0.006) than in patients with stage III/IV CRC (P = 0.65).ConclusionsDNA methylation status can be considered as a useful predictor of survival after CRC surgery, particularly for patients with stage I/II disease or colon cancer.
Influence of P-glycoprotein on the disposition of fexofenadine and its enantiomers
Authors: Li Fei , Howard Karyn D , Myers Michael J 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Objectives
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is responsible for the efflux of a broad variety of human and veterinary drugs. Canine P-gp polymorphisms alter drug disposition and toxicity, but their impact on the disposition of enantiomeric drugs is unknown. Using fexofenadine as a model compound, we developed and validated HPLC–fluorescence methods to determine the effect of P-gp on the disposition of fexofenadine and its enantiomers.

Methods
A chiral CD-Ph column was used for the separation of (R) and (S)-fexofenadine. Determination of racemic fexofenadine was achieved on an XDB-CN column. Fexofenadine and its enantiomers were detected by fluorescence at the excitation wavelength of 220 nm and emission wavelength of 300 nm. These methods were used to measure concentrations of fexofenadine and its enantiomers in Collie plasma after oral administration.

Key findings
This study demonstrates that P-gp prefers to transport (S)-fexofenadine, and P-gp deficiency causes the increase in both (R)-fexofenadine and (S)-fexofenadine in plasma. Racemic fexofenadine, (R)-fexofenadine and (S)-fexofenadine were increased in ABCB1-1Δ Collies (118.7, 72.0 and 48.3 ng/ml) compared to wild-type Collies (25.0, 16.5 and 7.7 ng/ml) at 1 h postadministration. The results demonstrate that the stereoselectivity of P-gp plays a key role in the disposition of fexofenadine enantiomers.

Conclusions
The information derived from this drug model will be used to determine whether additional safety or efficacy requirements are necessary for enantiomeric drugs that would be used in dogs or humans.
Population dynamics of hepatitis C virus subtypes in injecting drug users on methadone maintenance treatment in China associated with economic and health reform
Authors: Zhou S. , Cella E. , Zhou W. , Kong W.‐H. , Liu M.‐Q. , Liu P.‐L. , Ciccozzi M. , Salemi M. , Chen X. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThe extensive genetic heterogeneity of hepatitis C virus (HCV) requires in‐depth understanding of the population dynamics of different viral subtypes for more effective control of epidemic outbreaks. We analysed HCV sequences data from 125 participants in Wuhan, China. These participants were newly infected by subtype 1b (n=13), 3a (n=15), 3b (n=50) and 6a (n=39) while on methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). Bayesian phylogenies and demographic histories were inferred for these subtypes. Participants infected with HCV‐1b and 3a were clustered in well‐supported monophyletic clades, indicating local subepidemics. Subtypes 3b and 6a strains were intermixed with other Chinese isolates, as well as isolates from other Asian countries, reflecting ongoing across geographic boundary transmissions. Subtypes 1b and 3a declined continuously during the past ten years, consistent with the health and economic reform in China, while subtype 3b showed ongoing exponential growth and 6a was characterized by several epidemic waves, possibly related to the recently growing number of travellers between China and other Asian countries. In conclusion, results of this study suggest that HCV subtype 3b and 6a subepidemics in China are currently not under control, and new epidemic waves may emerge given the rapid increase in international travelling following substantial economic growth.
Epigenetic variation in a fluctuating population of lemming (Lemmus lemmus) in Norway
Authors: Andersen Trond , Wiig øystein 
Published: January 2017

Epigenetic polymorphism in the Norway lemming was studied in material collected at four localities in the Finse area in SW. Norway in 1973–74 and in 1977. A total of 266 specimens were scored for 33 non‐metric traits on the skull, mandibula, scapula and pelvis.Temporally succeeding samples from increase and peak phase showed that the genetic constitution of the population changed during the density cycle; the most rapid change took place immediately before the crash. The genetic constitution of the population remained within the same range from one cycle to the next, giving the impression that genetic drift is of minor significance. Samples taken at different localities during the late increase phase, showed that the variants were nearly uniformly distributed in the Finse area, indicating a high dispersal rate. The variation in the bilateral traits seemed to decrease with increasing population density, presumably as a result of stabilizing selection. The value of epigenetic polymorphism as a reflection of change in behavioural traits is discussed.
The Salto Vitale Method in Philosophy
Authors: Goldstick D. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDid G. E. Moore prove the existence of things outside us? Philosophers have objected to his proof, but not for good reasons. Since when, for instance, has absolute certainty been the mark of philosophy? But Moore's proof was superfluous, as its conclusion had already been proved previously. (If immanent critique were the only acceptable way to refute a philosophy rationally, “Nothing exists” would be immune from refutation—which is preposterous.)
Parenting styles and body mass index: a systematic review of prospective studies among children
Authors: Sokol R. L. , Qin B. , Poti J. M. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryBackgroundParenting style may be an important determinant of an individual's future weight status. However, reviews that evaluate the relationship between parenting style and weight‐related outcomes have not focused on prospective studies.MethodsWe systematically searched PubMed, Embase and PsychInfo for studies published between 1995 and 2016 that evaluated the prospective relationship between parenting style experienced in childhood and subsequent weight outcomes.ResultsWe identified 11 prospective cohort studies. Among the eight studies that categorized parenting style into distinct groups (i.e. authoritative, authoritarian, permissive and neglectful), five provided evidence that authoritative parenting was associated with lower body mass index gains. Among the six highest quality studies, four suggested a protective role of authoritative parenting style against adverse weight‐related outcomes. However, only one study controlled for a comprehensive set of confounders, and the small number of studies conducted within certain age groups precluded our ability to ascertain critical periods when parenting style is most strongly related to child weight.ConclusionsThe present literature supports the idea that authoritative parenting may be protective against later overweight and obesity, although findings are mixed. More prospective cohort studies of longer durations, with more sophisticated methods that examine age‐varying relationships, and that control for a comprehensive set of confounders, are needed.
Bortezomib in the treatment of antibody‐mediated rejection in pediatric kidney transplant recipients: A multicenter Midwest Pediatric Nephrology Consortium study
Authors: Kizilbash Sarah , Claes Donna , Ashoor Isa , Chen Ashton , Jandeska Sara , Matar Raed Bou , Misurac Jason , Sherbotie Joseph , Twombley Katherine , Verghese Priya 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAntibody‐mediated rejection leads to allograft loss after kidney transplantation. Bortezomib has been used in adults for the reversal of antibody‐mediated rejection; however, pediatric data are limited. This retrospective study was conducted in collaboration with the Midwest Pediatric Nephrology Consortium. Pediatric kidney transplant recipients who received bortezomib for biopsy‐proven antibody‐mediated rejection between 2008 and 2015 were included. The objective was to characterize the use of bortezomib in pediatric kidney transplant recipients. Thirty‐three patients received bortezomib for antibody‐mediated rejection at nine pediatric kidney transplant centers. Ninety percent of patients received intravenous immunoglobulin, 78% received plasmapheresis, and 78% received rituximab. After a median follow‐up of 15 months, 65% of patients had a functioning graft. The estimated glomerular filtration rate improved or stabilized in 61% and 36% of patients at 3 and 12 months post‐bortezomib, respectively. The estimated glomerular filtration rate at diagnosis significantly predicted estimated glomerular filtration rate at 12 months after adjusting for chronic histologic changes (P .001). Fifty‐six percent of patients showed an at least 25% reduction in the mean fluorescence intensity of the immune‐dominant donor‐specific antibody, 1‐3 months after the first dose of bortezomib. Non‐life‐threatening side effects were documented in 21 of 33 patients. Pediatric kidney transplant recipients tolerated bortezomib without life‐threatening side effects. Bortezomib may stabilize estimated glomerular filtration rate for 3‐6 months in pediatric kidney transplant recipients with antibody‐mediated rejection.