bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the impact of Vertical Alignment of MoS2 for Efficient Lithium Storage
Authors: Shokhen Victor , Miroshnikov Yana , Gershinsky Gregory , Gotlib Noam , Stern Chen , Naveh Doron , Zitoun David 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHerein, we report energy storage devices, which are based on densely packed, vertically aligned MoS2 (VA-MoS2) or planar oriented MoS2 (PO-MoS2) and compare their electrochemical performances. The VA-MoS2 films have been processed by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) to reach unprecedented micron-scale thick films while maintaining the vertical alignment for the whole thickness. The VA-MoS2 and the PO-MoS2 films form a high-performance Li-ion electrode, reaching the theoretical limits of reversible capacity for this material (800 mAh/g; twice the specific capacity of graphite). The vertical alignment allows faster charge-discharge rates while maintaining a high specific capacity (C-rate measurements). Noteworthy, the reversible cycling of the Li-ion electrode also benefits from the vertical alignment. In this article, we present the full synthesis, structural and electrochemical characterization of VA-MoS2 along with the properties of PO-MoS2 to deconvolute the intrinsic properties of MoS2 from the influence of the layers’ orientation.
Leaky Bloch-like surface waves in the radiation-continuum for sensitivity enhanced biosensors via azimuthal interrogation
Authors: Koju Vijay , Robertson William M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDielectric multilayer structures with a grating profile on the top-most layer adds an additional degree of freedom to the phase matching conditions for Bloch surface wave excitation. The conditions for Bloch surface wave coupling can be achieved by rotating both polar and azimuthal angles. The generation of Bloch surface waves as a function of azimuthal angle has similar characteristics to conventional grating coupled Bloch surface waves. However, azimuthally generated Bloch surface waves have enhanced angular sensitivity compared to conventional polar angle coupled modes, which makes them appropriate for detecting tiny variations in surface refractive index due to the addition of nano-particles such as protein molecules.
Neural basis of self-initiative in relation to apathy in a student sample
Authors: Kos Claire , Klaasen Nicky G. , Marsman Jan-Bernard C. , Opmeer Esther M. , Knegtering Henderikus , Aleman André , van Tol Marie-José 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHuman behaviour can be externally driven, e.g. catching a falling glass, or self-initiated and goal-directed, e.g. drinking a cup of coffee when one deems it is time for a break. Apathy refers to a reduction of self-initiated goal-directed or motivated behaviour, frequently present in neurological and psychiatric disorders. The amount of undertaken goal-directed behaviour varies considerably in clinical as well as healthy populations. In the present study, we investigated behavioural and neural correlates of self-initiated action in a student sample (N = 39) with minimal to high levels of apathy. We replicated activation of fronto-parieto-striatal regions during self-initiation. The neural correlates of self-initiated action did not explain varying levels of apathy in our sample, neither when mass-univariate analysis was used, nor when multivariate patterns of brain activation were considered. Other hypotheses, e.g. regarding a putative role of deficits in reward anticipation, effort expenditure or executive difficulties, deserve investigation in future studies.
Size-tunable Lateral Confinement in Monolayer Semiconductors
Authors: Wei Guohua , Czaplewski David A. , Lenferink Erik J. , Stanev Teodor K. , Jung Il Woong , Stern Nathaniel P. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThree-dimensional confinement allows semiconductor quantum dots to exhibit size-tunable electronic and optical properties that enable a wide range of opto-electronic applications from displays, solar cells and bio-medical imaging to single-electron devices. Additional modalities such as spin and valley properties in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides provide further degrees of freedom requisite for information processing and spintronics. In nanostructures, however, spatial confinement can cause hybridization that inhibits the robustness of these emergent properties. Here, we show that laterally-confined excitons in monolayer MoS2 nanodots can be created through top-down nanopatterning with controlled size tunability. Unlike chemically-exfoliated monolayer nanoparticles, the lithographically patterned monolayer semiconductor nanodots down to a radius of 15 nm exhibit the same valley polarization as in a continuous monolayer sheet. The inherited bulk spin and valley properties, the size dependence of excitonic energies, and the ability to fabricate MoS2 nanostructures using semiconductor-compatible processing suggest that monolayer semiconductor nanodots have potential to be multimodal building blocks of integrated optoelectronics and spintronics systems.
A Sauropod Tooth from the Santonian of Hungary and the European Late Cretaceous ‘Sauropod Hiatus’
Authors: Ősi Attila , Csiki-Sava Zoltán , Prondvai Edina 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe lack of sauropod body fossils from the 20 My-long mid-Cenomanian to the late Campanian interval of the Late Cretaceous in Europe is referred to as the ‘sauropod hiatus’, with only a few footprints reported from the Apulian microplate (i.e. the southern part of the European archipelago). Here we describe a single tooth from the Santonian continental beds of Iharkút, Hungary, that represents the first European body fossil evidence of a sauropod from this critical time interval. The mosaic of derived and plesiomorphic features documented by the tooth crown morphology points to a basal titanosauriform affinity suggesting the occurrence of a clade of sauropods in the Upper Cretaceous of Europe that is quite different from the previously known Campano-Maastrichtian titanosaurs. Along with the footprints coming from shallow marine sediments, this tooth further strengthens the view that the extreme rarity of sauropod remains from this period of Europe is the result of sampling bias related to the dominance of coastal over inland sediments, in the latter of which sauropod fossils usually occur. This is also in line with the hypothesis that sauropods preferred inland habitats to swampy environments.
Reduced preference for social rewards in a novel tablet based task in young children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Ruta Liliana , Famà Francesca Isabella , Bernava Giuseppe Massimo , Leonardi Elisa , Tartarisco Gennaro , Falzone Alessandra , Pioggia Giovanni , Chakrabarti Bhismadev 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAtypical responsivity to social rewards has been observed in young children with or at risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). These observations contributed to the hypothesis of reduced social motivation in ASD. In the current study we develop a novel task to test social reward preference using a tablet computer (iPad), where two differently coloured buttons were associated with a social and a nonsocial rewarding image respectively. 63 young children, aged 14–68 months, with and without a diagnosis of ASD took part in the study. The experimental sessions were also recorded on video, using an in-built webcam on the tablet as well as an external camera. Children with ASD were found to show a reduced relative preference for social rewards, indexed by a lower proportion of touches for the button associated with the social reward image. Greater social preference as measured using the tablet-based task was associated with increased use of social communicative behaviour such as eye contact with the experimenter and social smile in response to the social reward image. These results are consistent with earlier findings from eye-tracking studies, and provide novel empirical insights into atypical social reward responsivity in ASD.
Resistance of Garlic Cultivars to Bradysia odoriphaga and Its Correlation with Garlic Thiosulfinates
Authors: Zhu Guodong , Luo Yin , Xue Ming , Zhou Fangyuan , Zhao Haipeng , Ji Guixia , Liu Fang 
Published: June 2017

AbstractGarlic, a widely cultivated global vegetable crop, is threatened by the underground pest Bradysia odoriphaga in China. Previous reports indicated that garlic essential oil, of which the dominant components are sulfides or thiosulfinates, exhibits insecticidal activity against pests. However, it is unclear whether the resistance of garlic to B. odoriphaga is related to thiosulfinates. Here, we compared the resistance of 10 garlic cultivars at various growth stages to B. odoriphaga by field investigation and indoor life-table data collection. Furthermore, the relationship between thiosulfinates content and resistance, as well as the toxicity of garlic oil and allicin against B. odoriphaga larvae was determined. Field surveys demonstrated that the garlic cultivars Qixian and Cangshan possessed the highest resistance, while Siliuban and Yishui were the most sensitive. When reared on Qixian, B. odoriphaga larval survival and fecundity declined by 26.2% and 17.7% respectively, but the development time was prolonged by 2.8 d compared with Siliuban. A positive correlation was detected between thiosulfinates content and resistance. Furthermore, garlic oil and allicin exhibited strong insecticidal activity. We screened out 2 pest-resistant cultivars, for which thiosulfinate content was highest. Additionally, the insecticidal activity displayed by sulfides and allcin suggests their potential for exploitation as botanical insecticides.
Clostridium difficile flagella induce a pro-inflammatory response in intestinal epithelium of mice in cooperation with toxins
Authors: Batah Jameel , Kobeissy Hussein , Bui Pham Phuong Trang , Denève-Larrazet Cécile , Kuehne Sarah , Collignon Anne , Janoir-Jouveshomme Claire , Marvaud Jean-Christophe , Kansau Imad 
Published: June 2017

AbstractClostridium difficile is the most important enteropathogen involved in gut nosocomial post-antibiotic infections. The emergence of hypervirulent strains has contributed to increased mortality and morbidity of CDI. The C. difficile toxins contribute directly to CDI-associated lesions of the gut, but other bacterial factors are needed for the bacteria to adhere and colonize the intestinal epithelium. The C. difficile flagella, which confer motility and chemotaxis for successful intestinal colonization, could play an additional role in bacterial pathogenesis by contributing to the inflammatory response of the host and mucosal injury. Indeed, by activating the TLR5, flagella can elicit activation of the MAPK and NF-κB cascades of cell signaling, leading to the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In the current study, we demonstrate, by using an animal model of CDI, a synergic effect of flagella and toxins in eliciting an inflammatory mucosal response. In this model, the absence of flagella dramatically decreases the degree of mucosal inflammation in mice and the sole presence of toxins without flagella was not enough to elicit epithelial lesions. These results highlight the important role of C. difficile flagella in eliciting mucosal lesions as long as the toxins exert their action on the epithelium.
Distinct activation modes of the Relaxin Family Peptide Receptor 2 in response to insulin-like peptide 3 and relaxin
Authors: Bruell Shoni , Sethi Ashish , Smith Nicholas , Scott Daniel J. , Hossain Mohammed Akhter , Wu Qing-Ping , Guo Zhan-Yun , Petrie Emma J. , Gooley Paul R. , Bathgate Ross A. D. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractRelaxin family peptide receptor 2 (RXFP2) is a GPCR known for its role in reproductive function. It is structurally related to the human relaxin receptor RXFP1 and can be activated by human gene-2 (H2) relaxin as well as its cognate ligand insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3). Both receptors possess an N-terminal low-density lipoprotein type a (LDLa) module that is necessary for activation and is joined to a leucine-rich repeat domain by a linker. This linker has been shown to be important for H2 relaxin binding and activation of RXFP1 and herein we investigate the role of the equivalent region of RXFP2. We demonstrate that the linker’s highly-conserved N-terminal region is essential for activation of RXFP2 in response to both ligands. In contrast, the linker is necessary for H2 relaxin, but not INSL3, binding. Our results highlight the distinct mechanism by which INSL3 activates RXFP2 whereby ligand binding mediates reorientation of the LDLa module by the linker region to activate the RXFP2 transmembrane domains in conjunction with the INSL3 A-chain. In contrast, relaxin activation of RXFP2 involves a more RXFP1-like mechanism involving binding to the LDLa-linker, reorientation of the LDLa module and activation of the transmembrane domains by the LDLa alone.
Peptide specific monoclonal antibodies of Leptospiral LigA for acute diagnosis of leptospirosis
Authors: Kanagavel Murugesan , Shanmughapriya Santhanam , Aishwarya Kayanam Vijaya Lalitha , Ponmurugan Karuppiah , Murugan Kasi , Al-Dhabi Naif Abdullah , Natarajaseenivasan Kalimuthusamy 
Published: June 2017

AbstractLeptospirosis is underdiagnosed due to low sensitivity, need of specialised equipment, and expensive reagents for serological and molecular diagnosis respectively. Considering the sensitivity, rapidity, inexpensive reagents and collection of clinical samples, the monoclonal antibody based antigen detection method from urine samples has been developed and evaluated. LigA (LK90) based B-cell specific epitopes were predicted and synthesised as peptides for the production of monoclonal antibody. LK90543: SNAQKNQGNA (amino acids: 543 to 552), and LK901110: DHHTQSSYTP (amino acids: 1110 to 1119) with VaxiJen score of 1.3719 and 1.2215, respectively were used. Thirty two and 28 urine samples from confirmed and seronegative healthy human subjects, respectively were included for the evaluation of MAb-based dot blot ELISA. The specificity of the evaluated MAbs, P1B1 and P4W2 were found to be in the range of ~93–96%. Moreover, the MAbs did not show cross-reactivity with other bacterial antigens as confirmed by IgG ELISA, further validating its specificity for leptospiral antigens. These findings suggest that the developed MAb based dot blot ELISA is a simple, rapid performed in less than 8 h, inexpensive with a ICER of $8.7/QALY, and affordable in developing countries and area where laboratory facilities are limited.
Cycles of vascular plexus formation within the nephrogenic zone of the developing mouse kidney
Authors: Munro David A. D. , Hohenstein Peter , Davies Jamie A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe renal vasculature is required for blood filtration, blood pressure regulation, and pH maintenance, as well as other specialised kidney functions. Yet, despite its importance, many aspects of its development are poorly understood. To provide a detailed spatiotemporal analysis of kidney vascularisation, we collected images of embryonic mouse kidneys at various developmental time-points. Here we describe the first stages of kidney vascularisation and demonstrate that polygonal networks of vessels (endothelial plexuses) form in cycles at the periphery of the kidney. We show that kidney vascularisation initiates at E11, when vessels connected to the embryonic circulation form a ring around the ureteric bud. From E13.5, endothelial plexuses organise around populations of cap mesenchymal and ureteric bud cells in a cyclical, predictable manner. Specifically, as the ureteric bud bifurcates, endothelia form across the bifurcation site as the cap mesenchyme splits. The plexuses are vascular, carry erythrocytes, are enclosed within a basement membrane, and can always be traced back to the renal artery. Our results are a major step towards understanding how the global architecture of the renal vasculature is achieved.
Plasma REST: a novel candidate biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease is modified by psychological intervention in an at-risk population
Authors: Ashton N J , Hye A , Leckey C A , Jones A R , Gardner A , Elliott C , Wetherell J L , Lenze E J , Killick R , Marchant N L 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe repressor element 1-silencing transcription (REST) factor is a key regulator of the aging brain’s stress response. It is reduced in conditions of stress and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which suggests that increasing REST may be neuroprotective. REST can be measured peripherally in blood plasma. Our study aimed to (1) examine plasma REST levels in relation to clinical and biological markers of neurodegeneration and (2) alter plasma REST levels through a stress-reduction intervention—mindfulness training. In study 1, REST levels were compared across the following four well-characterized groups: healthy elderly (n=65), mild cognitive impairment who remained stable (stable MCI, n=36), MCI who later converted to dementia (converter MCI, n=29) and AD (n=65) from the AddNeuroMed cohort. REST levels declined with increasing severity of risk and impairment (healthy elderly>stable MCI>converter MCI>AD, F=6.35, P<0.001). REST levels were also positively associated with magnetic resonance imaging-based hippocampal and entorhinal atrophy and other putative blood-based biomarkers of AD (Ps<0.05). In study 2, REST was measured in 81 older adults with psychiatric risk factors for AD before and after a mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention or an education-based placebo intervention. Mindfulness-based training caused an increase in REST compared with the placebo intervention (F=8.57, P=0.006), and increased REST was associated with a reduction in psychiatric symptoms associated with stress and AD risk (Ps<0.02). Our data confirm plasma REST associations with clinical severity and neurodegeneration, and originally, that REST is modifiable by a psychological intervention with clinical benefit.
Cyclizations of Alkoxyallenes: Mechanisms, Intermediates, ­Products – A Personal Account on Solved and Unsolved Problems with Unique Allene Building Blocks
Authors: Reissig Hans-Ulrich , Zimmer Reinhold 
Published: June 2017

The additions of lithiated alkoxyallenes to electrophiles, such as carbonyl compounds, thioketones, imines, and nitrones, provide the expected primary addition products. These alkoxyallene intermediates undergo ring-closure reactions under quite different conditions. Whereas allenyl hydroxylamine derivatives spontaneously cyclize to 1,2-oxazine derivatives, the related allenyl amines, thiols, and alcohols require, with distinct exceptions, promotion by acids, base, silver(I), or gold(I). The different mechanisms of these processes are discussed in this account. The serendipitous discovery of a novel three-component reaction of lithiated alkoxyallenes, nitriles, and carboxylic acids followed by a cyclization to pyridine derivatives is also reported and the mechanism involved is illustrated. This account also compiles exemplary examples of natural products and other compounds prepared by subsequent reactions of alkoxyallene-based cyclization products, but the fascinating ring-closing event of the allenyl intermediates is the main focus of this report.1	Introduction2	Cyclizations of Allenyl Hydroxylamines to 1,2-Oxazine Derivatives3	Cyclizations of Allenyl Amines to Dihydropyrrole Derivatives4	Cyclizations of Allenyl Imines to Pyrroles – Discovery of a New Three-Component Synthesis of Pyridines5	Cyclizations of Allenyl Thiols to Vinylthiiranes and Dihydrothiophene Derivatives6	Cyclizations of Allenyl Alcohols to Dihydrofuran Derivatives7	Conclusions
Endoscopic Management of Arnold-Chiari Malformation Type I with or without Syringomyelia
Authors: Ratre Shailendra , Yadav Nishtha , Parihar Vijay , Bajaj Jitin , Kher Yatin , Yadav Yad 
Published: June 2017

Introduction Several different surgical techniques have been used in the treatment of patients with symptomatic Arnold-Chiari malformation type 1 (ACM-1) with or without syrinx. Endoscope-assisted decompression of the posterior fossa has been found to be safe and effective. We report our initial experience of endoscopic management of ACM-I.
Material and Methods This was a prospective study of 15 symptomatic patients. Pre- and postoperative clinical status and computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings were recorded. Suboccipital bone of ∼ 3 cm distance from the foramen of magnum and posterior arch of atlas was removed. Partial splitting of the dura mater with preservation of the inner portion and the arachnoid membrane was performed. Any change in axial and sagittal length of the syrinx, tonsillar ascension, shape of the tonsil tip, appearance of cerebrospinal fluid posterior to the tonsil, and formation of the cisterna magna were recorded. Patients with atlantoaxial instability, tethered cord, associated myelomeningocele, hydrocephalus, or elevated intracranial pressure were excluded.
Results Age of patients ranged from 26 to 48 years. There were nine female patients. There were six patients with ACM-I without and nine with ACM-I with syrinx. Average pre- and postoperative Karnofsky performance score was 78 and 93, respectively. Average operative time was 130 minutes (110–190 minutes), and blood loss was 30 mL (20–180 mL). Follow-up ranged from 9 to 21 months.
Conclusion Although the study is limited by the small number of patients with a short follow-up, endoscopic decompression in selected patients of ACM-I with or without syrinx with dural splitting was a safe and effective alternative to microsurgical treatment.
… weil es nicht egal ist, wie etwas
geschieht
Authors: Muesse André , Vehma Stefanie 
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung
Berührungsqualität in der Pflege Berührung ist immanenter Teil
pflegerischer Arbeit. Doch was bedeutet Berührung und welche Bedeutung hat sie?
Was beeinflusst Berührung und wie beeinflusst Berührung den Verlauf von
Interaktionen zwischen Pflegenden und Patienten? Wie unterscheiden sich
angemessene und unangemessene Berührung, und was sagt eigentlich die
Wissenschaft dazu? Ein kleiner Überblick über das Phänomen der Berührung im
pflegerischen Kontext unter Gesichtspunkten von Kinästhetik.
Familienintegration braucht gemeinsames Verstehen und
Kommunikation
Authors: Rohde Katrin S. 
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung
Kernaufgabe der Kinderkrankenpflege Pflegende spielen im System Familie
sowohl in der ambulanten als auch in der stationären Begleitung von kranken
Kindern und Jugendlichen eine bedeutende Rolle, die sie zumindest in Teilen
bewusst ausgestalten können. Dazu muss es auch gelingen, die bestehenden
Aufgaben und Rahmenbedingungen in das Handlungsgefüge zu integrieren. Beratung
ist dabei ein Bestandteil der Begleitung.
Abhängigkeitserkrankungen und Elternschaft – Herausforderungen und Möglichkeiten der Hilfe
Authors: Moesgen Diana , Klein Michael , Dyba Janina 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungKinder aus suchtbelasteten Familien sind einer Vielzahl an belastenden Lebensbedingungen ausgesetzt. Einen besonderen Risikofaktor stellt das problematische Erziehungsverhalten dar, welche suchtkranke Eltern infolge ihrer Abhängigkeitserkrankung oftmals aufzeigen wie z. B. Vernachlässigung oder andere dysfunktionale Erziehungspraktiken. In der Konsequenz können sich bei den Kindern internalisierende oder externalisierende Verhaltensauffälligkeiten oder eigene substanzbezogene Probleme entwickeln. Trotz der dringenden Relevanz gibt es im deutschsprachigen Raum kaum entsprechende Konzepte zur Förderung der Erziehungskompetenz, die sich direkt an suchtkranke Eltern richten. Im US-amerikanischen Raum hingegen existieren verschiedene verhaltens- und bindungsorientierte Elterntrainings für suchtkranke Eltern, die sich als wirksam erwiesen haben.
„Find it“ – Paradigmenwechsel in der
Diagnostik
Authors: Hartmann Christian 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungDieser Artikel beschäftigt sich mit dem ersten Aspekt des von Jane Stark im
vorangegangen Artikel erwähnten Zitats „Find it, fix it and leave it alone“. Es
geht also um Stills diagnostisches Vorgehen und seine Bedeutung für die
Medizingeschichte.