bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Métamorphoses du Vieux Dieu sur le Haut Plateau Central mexicain
Authors: Billard Claire 
Published: December 2016

Plongeant ses origines au Préclassique moyen (1220-500 av. J.-C.), le Vieux Dieu est l’un des plus anciens dieux connus du Haut Plateau Central mexicain. D’abord répandu et adoré à Teotihuacan, puis oublié durant le Postclassique ancien (650-1250 apr. J.-C.), il semble ensuite réapparaître au cours du xve siècle de notre ère, avec l’arrivée du peuple mexica. Dès lors, le Vieux Dieu est-il adopté ou bien adapté par ces nouvelles populations ?À travers cet article nous proposons l’analyse du Vieux Dieu de Teotihuacan et de Xiuhtecuhtli-Huehuetéotl de l’époque mexica afin de mettre en relief les liens et les différences qui unissent ou désunissent ces deux types de représentations, séparées par 750 ans de troubles et de changements. L’analyse conjointe de l’iconographie, de la symbolique et des sources ethno-historiques conduit à formuler des interprétations et de comprendre la nature des liens qui existent entre ces deux dieux.
De l’autel à encens au brûle-parfum : héritage des formes, évolution des usages
Authors: Le Maguer Sterenn 
Published: December 2016

Les brûle-parfums de la période islamique, en tant qu’objets ayant servi à brûler des résines aromatiques dans un contexte profane, s’opposent aux autels à encens sudarabiques utilisés dans un contexte religieux et funéraire pour la période ancienne (Ier millénaire av. J.-C.-vie siècle apr. J.-C.). Cependant, les brûle-parfums islamiques présentent des formes et des décors comparables, alors que l’usage qui en est fait a évolué. Dans cet article, nous proposons de montrer en quoi, malgré ces différences, nous pouvons parler d’un phénomène d’héritage et d’adaptation.
La parure féminine de l’époque archaïque en Grèce
Authors: Louka Marioanna 
Published: December 2016

L’orfèvrerie grecque de l’époque archaïque, techniquement avancée et esthétiquement inégalable, nous offre un champ de recherche très intéressant : à travers l’étude de la multitude des bijoux – feuilles d’or, diadèmes, boucles d’oreilles, bracelets, fibules, épingles, colliers, pendentifs et bandes d’or, on observe et interprète l’usage, la fonction et le sens de ces objets sophistiqués pour la femme de l’époque. Les représentations de la céramique et la statuaire servent de miroir où se reflète la vie quotidienne de femme ; ses bijoux étaient montrés lors des occasions importantes, marquant des étapes décisives de sa vie et servant de points de référence de son position socio-économique et familiale.
Images de l’archéologie japonaise
Authors: Gilaizeau Linda 
Published: December 2016

Quelle est l’image que l’archéologie japonaise donne de l’histoire de son pays ? Et quelle est l’image que s’en font les japonais à travers les nombreux articles de journaux qui retracent presque chaque semaine les nouvelles découvertes ? Les japonais, se passionnent pour la recherche de leurs origines à travers l’archéologie. Nous vous proposons donc, à travers cet article, d’aller à la rencontre d’une archéologie très mal connue en occident, en examinant la place qu’elle occupe dans la société japonaise et le rôle qu’elle y joue ainsi qu’en analysant le rapport que cette science entretient avec elle-même et avec son histoire récente. Nous évoquerons ainsi ses buts et ses limites, qui peuvent s’avérer parfois très surprenants pour des esprits occidentaux.
Lors de la dernière aridification du Sahara (4500-2000 BP)
Authors: Vallette Thibault 
Published: December 2016

This article examines changes in settlement territories located in the Dhar Néma geo-ecosystem (south-eastern Mauritania) during the onset of the last arid stage, between 4500 BP and the beginning of our era. The study of artefacts (especially the lithic industry) and their spatial distribution suggests three scales of territory: a local scale showing the economic impact of climate change and/or different topographic positions, a micro-regional scale linked more to the contiguous cliffs, and a regional scale in which exchange with neighbouring geo-ecosystems seems conditioned by the hydrographic network.
Le morcellement de la catégorie statistique « réfugié »
Authors: Legoux Luc 
Published: December 2016

<p class="resume">Le morcellement de la catégorie « réfugié » a un rôle central dans la politique de réduction des flux de l’asile vers les pays occidentaux. La délocalisation de l’asile dans les pays d’origine est justifiée par la création de la catégorie « déplacés internes », catégorie qui recouvre aujourd’hui environ la moitié des personnes relevant du HCR (Haut Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les Réfugiés). La catégorie « protection subsidiaire », qui n’offre qu’une protection très limitée mais qui est comptée statistiquement avec les réfugiés statutaires, dissimule l’affaiblissement de la protection en Europe. Quant à la catégorie « demandeur d’asile », utilisée en France à partir de 1981 suite à des demandes frauduleuses de statut de réfugié, elle place tous les réfugiés sollicitant le statut en position de suspect. Ce morcellement de la catégorie « réfugié » résulte d’un changement du mode de gestion internationale de la protection des victimes de la violence qui reste inscrit dans la même logique d’assujettissement de l’asile aux politiques migratoires et étrangères à l’œuvre dès la création du HCR.</p>
Changing paradigms in the management of forest insect disturbances
Authors: Alfaro René I. , Langor David 
Published: December 2016

AbstractFrom the early descriptive work, focussed on documenting the forest insect fauna and the impacts of destructive species, Canadian forest entomology has passed through several distinct phases, each triggered by new societal demands of forests and of forest entomologists. We review the various stages that Canadian forest entomology gone through in the last 100 years. Following the initial descriptive and cataloguing phase, forest entomology entered a pest control or forest protection phase, which eventually evolved into the integrated pest management (IPM) era. Although IPM dominated the forest entomology discourse for at least two decades, this approach is now considered to be narrow and pest-centric and is being superseded by a more holistic approach where the emphasis is on ensuring the health and sustainability of forests at landscape levels. The new trends point away from the “command and control” approach of attempting to eradicate pests or reducing pest damage, and towards working with natural processes in the context of ecosystem management. We indicate several areas where 21st century forest entomology could make a contribution towards the sustainable management of Canadian forests.
Hitching a ride: firewood as a potential pathway for range expansion of an exotic beech leaf-mining weevil, Orchestes fagi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Morrison Andrew , Sweeney Jon , Hughes Cory , Johns Rob C. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe investigated the potential for human-mediated range expansion of an exotic beech leaf-mining weevil, Orchestes fagi (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Curculioninae: Rhamphini) (formerly known as Rhynchaenus fagi) on timber or firewood, which for eight to nine months of the year may harbour adults in diapause. In both relatively low-density and high-density populations, adults were found on the base, middle, and upper boles of the primary host, American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrhart; Fagaceae), as well as red maple (Acer rubrum Linnaeus; Sapindaceae) and red spruce (Picea rubens Sargent; Pinaceae) in the vicinity. Comparatively few individuals were found on tree branches, or in the moss, duff, or soil collected beneath beech trees. Overwintering adults appeared to favour parts of trees with relatively high bark roughness. Our study suggests that, between the months of July through May, any woody stems near areas having O. fagi outbreaks are likely to harbour adults. Moreover, as all of the trees studied are common sources of timber or firewood, the harvest and transport of wood from these areas may facilitate outbreak spread; this may explain the multiple, distantly distributed populations of O. fagi that have been reported in eastern Nova Scotia, Canada in recent years.
Cutting Edge: LL-37–Mediated Formyl Peptide Receptor-2 Signaling in Follicular Dendritic Cells Contributes to B Cell Activation in Peyer’s Patch Germinal Centers
Authors: Kim Sae-Hae , Kim Yu Na , Jang Yong-Suk 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Peyer’s patches (PPs) are the major mucosal immune-inductive site, and germinal centers (GCs) in PPs determine the quality of the Abs produced. PP GCs are continuously induced by the gut microbiota, and their maintenance contributes to the induction of strong IgA responses to Ags. In this study, we investigated the role of formyl peptide receptor (FPR)-mediated signaling in the maintenance of PP GCs, because FPRs recognize the microbiota and initiate an innate immune response by chemotaxis. We found that follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), a key organizer of B cell follicles and GCs in mucosal immunity, express Fpr2. Additionally, Fpr2-mediated signaling in PP FDCs promoted Cxcl13 and B cell activating factor expression, as well as B cell proliferation and activation. Therefore, we suggest that Fpr2-mediated signaling in FDCs plays a key role in GC maintenance in PPs and results in an Ag-specific IgA response in the gut mucosal immune compartment.
Cutting Edge: Murine Mast Cells Rapidly Modulate Metabolic Pathways Essential for Distinct Effector Functions
Authors: Phong Binh , Avery Lyndsay , Menk Ashley V. , Delgoffe Greg M. , Kane Lawrence P. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
There is growing appreciation that cellular metabolic and bioenergetic pathways do not play merely passive roles in activated leukocytes. Rather, metabolism has important roles in controlling cellular activation, differentiation, survival, and effector function. Much of this work has been performed in T cells; however, there is still very little information regarding mast cell metabolic reprogramming and its effect on cellular function. Mast cells perform important barrier functions and help control type 2 immune responses. In this study we show that murine bone marrow–derived mast cells rapidly alter their metabolism in response to stimulation through the FcεRI. We also demonstrate that specific metabolic pathways appear to be differentially required for the control of mast cell function. Manipulation of metabolic pathways may represent a novel point for the manipulation of mast cell activation.
The Systemic Lupus Erythematosus–Associated Single Nucleotide Polymorphism rs1143678 in Integrin αM Cytoplasmic Tail Generates a 14-3-3ζ Binding Site That Is Proinflammatory
Authors: Ong Li-Teng , Tan Hui-Foon , Feng Chen , Qu Jing , Loh Shuzk-Cheng , Bhattacharyya Surajit , Tan Suet-Mien 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The leukocyte integrin αMβ2 (CR3 or Mac-1) has both proinflammatory and immune regulatory functions. Genome-wide association studies have identified several ITGAM (αM subunit) single nucleotide polymorphisms that are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. The single nucleotide polymorphism rs1143678 substitutes Pro1146 for Ser in the integrin αM cytoplasmic tail. A detailed functional characterization of this substitution is lacking. Using transfected human cell lines, reconstituted mouse bone marrow neutrophils, and bone marrow–derived macrophages (BMDMs), we showed that P1146S (PS) substitution promoted integrin αMβ2–mediated adhesion, spreading, and migration of cells on iC3b and fibrinogen. In the presence of LPS together with iC3b or fibrinogen, the expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in integrin αM(PS)β2 BMDMs were significantly higher than those of integrin αM(wild-type)β2 BMDMs, and they showed faster kinetics of Erk1/2 activation through the src family kinase(s)–Syk signaling pathway. Integrin αM(PS)β2 BMDMs also exhibited higher levels of active RhoA and phagocytic activity. Mechanistically, P1146S substitution in the αM cytoplasmic tail generates a noncanonical 14-3-3ζ binding site that modulates integrin αM(PS)β2 outside-in signaling.
Dimethyl Fumarate Treatment Mediates an Anti-Inflammatory Shift in B Cell Subsets of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Li Rui , Rezk Ayman , Ghadiri Mathab , Luessi Felix , Zipp Frauke , Li Hulun , Giacomini Paul S. , Antel Jack , Bar-Or Amit 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The therapeutic mode of action of dimethyl fumarate (DMF), approved for treating patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, is not fully understood. Recently, we and others demonstrated that Ab-independent functions of distinct B cell subsets are important in mediating multiple sclerosis (MS) relapsing disease activity. Our objective was to test whether and how DMF influences both the phenotype and functional responses of disease-implicated B cell subsets in patients with MS. High-quality PBMC were obtained from relapsing-remitting MS patients prior to and serially after initiation of DMF treatment. Multiparametric flow cytometry was used to monitor the phenotype and functional response-profiles of distinct B cell subsets. Total B cell counts decreased following DMF treatment, largely reflecting losses of circulating mature/differentiated (but not of immature transitional) B cells. Within the mature B cell pool, DMF had a greater impact on memory than naive B cells. In keeping with these in vivo effects, DMF treatment in vitro remarkably diminished mature (but not transitional B cell) survival, mediated by inducing apoptotic cell death. Although DMF treatment (both in vivo and in vitro) minimally impacted B cell IL-10 expression, it strongly reduced B cell expression of GM-CSF, IL-6, and TNF-α, resulting in a significant anti-inflammatory shift of B cell response profiles. The DMF-mediated decrease in B cell proinflammatory cytokine responses was further associated with reduced phosphorylation of STAT5/6 and NF-κB in surviving B cells. Together, these data implicate novel mechanisms by which DMF may modulate MS disease activity through shifting the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory B cell responses.
Organizational Infrastructure in the Collegiate Athletic Training Setting, Part II: Benefits of and Barriers in the Athletics Model
Authors: Goodman Ashley , Mazerolle Stephanie M. , Eason Christianne M. 
Published: December 2016

Context: The athletics model, in which athletic training clinical programs are part of the athletics department, is the predominant model in the collegiate athletic training setting. Little is known about athletic trainers' (ATs') perceptions of this model, particularly as it relates to organizational hierarchy.Objective: To explore the perceived benefits of and barriers in the athletics model.Design: Qualitative study.Setting: National Collegiate Athletic Association Divisions I and III.Patients or Other Participants: Eight full-time ATs (5 men, 3 women; age = 41 ± 13 years, time employed at the current institution = 14 ± 14 years, experience as a certified AT = 18 ± 13 years) working in the collegiate setting using the athletics model.Data Collection and Analysis: We conducted semistructured interviews via telephone or in person and used a general inductive approach to analyze the qualitative data. Multiple-analyst triangulation and peer review established trustworthiness.Results: Two benefits and 3 barriers emerged from the data. Role identity emerged as a benefit that occurred with role clarity, validation, and acceptance of the collegiate AT personality. Role congruence emerged as a benefit of the athletics model that occurred with 2 lower-order themes: relationship building and physician alignment and support. Role strain, staffing concerns, and work-life conflict emerged as barriers in the athletics model. Role strain occurred with 2 primary lower-order themes: role incongruity and role conflict.Conclusions: The athletics model is the most common infrastructure for employing ATs in collegiate athletics. Participants expressed positive experiences via character identity, support, trust relationships, and longevity. However, common barriers remain. To reduce role strain, misaligning values, and work-life conflict, ATs working in the athletics model are encouraged to evaluate their relationships with coaches and their supervisor and consider team physician alignment. Moreover, measures to increase quality athletic training staff from a care rather than a coverage standpoint should be considered.
Moderate-Risk and Problem Slot Machine Gamblers: A Typology of Gambling-Related Cognitions
Authors: Hahmann Tara Elisa 
Published: December 2016

Cognitive distortions are said to play a key role in the development and maintenance of problem gambling, as well as in its treatment. Toneatto’s (1999, 2002) typology of gambling distortions provides a useful conceptualization of gambling-related cognitions, although game-type specification is absent from his analysis. Toneatto’s categorization was used in the present study to organize the beliefs of 43 slot machine gamblers experiencing either moderate-risk or problem gambling, recruited and interviewed in Toronto, Canada. The typology captured many of the gambling-related cognitions, although specific beliefs held by this sample of slot machine gamblers required revision of the original typology. This study provides unique insight into the cognitive structure of these beliefs, as described by gamblers, and their frequency count, suggesting that game type is an important factor when identifying and describing gambling-specific cognitive distortions. Les distorsions cognitives joueraient un rôle dans l’apparition et le maintien des problèmes de jeu, ainsi que dans leur traitement (Cunningham, Hodgins et Toneatto, 2014; Cunningham, Hodgins, Toneatto et Murphy, 2012; Fortune et Goodie, 2012). La typologie des distorsions cognitives liées au jeu de Toneatto (1999, 2002) est à ce titre un outil utile pour conceptualiser les processus cognitifs des joueurs, bien que l’analyse ne précise pas les types de jeux de hasard en cause (Milosevic et Ledgerwood, 2010). Le présent article cherche à organiser à l’aide des catégories de Toneatto (1999, 2002) les croyances de 43 utilisateurs d’appareils à sous présentant un risque moyen ou problématique, recrutés et interviewés à Toronto (Canada). En conclusion, cette typologie permet de rendre compte de nombreux processus cognitifs liés au jeu, bien que certaines des croyances propres à cet échantillon de joueurs utilisant des appareils à sous aient nécessité une révision des catégories initiales. Fournissant un aperçu unique de la structure cognitive associée à ces croyances, telles qu’elles ont été décrites par les joueurs et selon leur nombre d’occurrences, cette étude donne à penser que le type de jeu de hasard en cause constitue un facteur important pour cerner et décrire les distorsions cognitives rattachées au jeu.
Treatment Protocol for Dentin Hypersensitivity
Authors: Bandeca Matheus Coelho , Kuga Milton C , Lima Suellen L , Escalante-Otárola Wilfredo , Castro-Núñez Gabriela , Jordão-Basso KCF 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

How to cite this article
Escalante-Otárola W, Castro-Núñez G, Jordão-Basso KCF, Lima SL, Kuga MC, Bandeca MC. Treatment Protocol for Dentin Hypersensitivity. World J Dent 2017;8(1):1-4.
Exercise-induced Hypoalgesia Profiles for Pain Prediction in the Trigeminal System
Authors: Assiri Khalil 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

Aim
This study aimed to evaluate the predictivity of exerciseinduced hypoalgesia (EIH) profile on pain severity produced by nerve injury in an animal model.

Materials and methods
A total of 51 rats were divided according to the EIH model, which was evaluated by the percentage of withdrawal actions of 30 repetitive physical stimuli on the hind paw of the rat before and after 3 minutes of exercise on a treadmill, into high and low EIH. Left infraorbital nerve injury was then done on rats from high and low EIH groups. Pain assays as mechanical allodynia and mechanical hyperalgesia were evaluated in the ipsilateral and unaffected whisker pad before and 3, 10, and 17 days after the surgery.

Results
Rats that were categorized as low EIH showed increased hypersensitivity and demonstrated significantly severe mechanical hyperalgesia in ipsilateral side 10 and 17 days after the surgery compared with the high EIH rats.

Conclusion
The authors concluded that the pinprick behavioral assay (mechanical hyperalgesia) was able to predict chronic pain development in the area of the trigeminal nerve distribution using EIH profile measured at the hind paw of the rat.

How to cite this article
Assiri K. Exercise-induced Hypoalgesia Profiles for Pain Prediction in the Trigeminal System. World J Dent 2017;8(1):21-27.
Evaluation of Influencing Factors and commonly Involving Side in Maxillofacial Injuries in Road Traffic Accidents by Motorized Two Wheelers: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Thinakaran Meera , Mohanavalli S , Bala G Sree V 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Trauma remains to be a leading cause of maxillofacial injury globally. Motorized two wheelers (MTWs) are the main cause of (73%) maxillofacial injuries in the road traffic accidents; in several studies, the right side of maxillofacial injuries was reported as the common side of injury than left side. In our previous study, the percentage of the right side injuries was higher than the left side.

Aim
The aim of this study is to evaluate the influencing factors of the maxillofacial injury by MTWs and to find the association between the side maxillofacial injuries and the handedness of drivers.

Materials and methods
Clusters sampling method was used; 20 clusters were selected in Chennai. Motorized twowheeler drivers were selected. Data collected by prepared questionnaires’ were statistically analyzed. Data included the demographic details, type of vehicle, engine capacity, average driving speed, years of driving, regular usage of the helmet, type, mode and frequency of accident, management, influence of alcohol, and use of the helmet at the time of injury. The side of the facial injury and handedness of drivers were recorded.

Results
From the total of 721 participants, 75.7% were males, 24.3% were females; 46.74% were in the age of 18 to 25; mean age is 29.45. Bikes were 55.9%, scooter 38.2%, moped 8.3%; 59.9% are geared; 50.5% were 80 to 100 cc vehicles types and 37% were 110 to 150 cc types; 62% of male's average speed is 80 km/hour; 53% of female's average speed is less than 40 km/hour. Only 18.06% had used at the time of injury. 39.4% of females had accidents, males had 59.3% (p < 0.0001). Two-wheeler vs two-wheeler accidents were 24.8%; two-wheeler vs four wheeler were 19%; by pedestrians crossing 18.7%; by animal crossing was 16.5%; skid two wheeler 20%. A total of 30.02% were under the influence of alcohol. Right-side injuries were 44.5%; left side 25.9% (p < 0.0001), while 96.9% were right-handers.

Conclusion
Right-side injuries were common in MTW skid and fall. Speed, type of vehicle, handedness, influence of alcohol, use of helmet, mode of injury, all are the determining factors for pattern and severity of injury. Helmet usage would definitely minimize the head injury to some extent.

How to cite this article
Mohanavalli S, Thinakaran M, Bala GSV. Evaluation of Influencing Factors and commonly Involving Side in Maxillofacial Injuries in Road Traffic Accidents by Motorized Two Wheelers: A Cross-sectional Study. World J Dent 2017;8(1):49-54.
Update to Assessing Economic Damages in Personal Injury and Wrongful Death Litigation: The State of Mississippi
Authors: Brooking Carl G. , Fender Blakely Fox , Fiser Harvey L. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This article provides summary and analysis of case law and relevant statutes in Mississippi since 2004 that are important for the forensic economist to consider in the calculation of economic damages in wrongful death and personal injury matters. Particular attention is devoted to Rebelwood Apartments RP, LP v. English (2010), which provided specific guidance to the forensic economist in Mississippi on several fronts and explicitly tasks the economic expert with rooting analysis in sufficient facts and evidence.