bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the stability of responding of male mice in the touchscreen 5 choice serial reaction time task: Focus on premature responding
Authors: Rahbarnia Arya , Abela Andrew R. , Fletcher Paul J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe five‐choice serial reaction time task (5CSRTT) is a test of attention that provides a well‐validated ancillary measure of impulsive action, measured by premature responses. The task has been adapted for mice in touchscreen operant boxes, which is thought to offer improved test–retest reliability. Few studies have assessed the long‐term stability of performance, including premature responding in this version of the task. We used the touchscreen 5CSRTT to conduct longitudinal testing of stability of premature responding following repeated behavioral and pharmacological manipulations. Male C57BL/6J mice were trained on a baseline version of the 5CSRTT. They were then tested on versions of the task in which the stimulus duration was reduced, and inter‐trial intervals were elongated or varied within‐session. Premature responding was subsequently tested following administration of pharmacological agents known to bi‐directionally affect attention and impulsive action—cocaine, atomoxetine, and yohimbine. Mice were lastly re‐tested 6 months later using the 5CSRTT with elongated inter‐trial intervals. A reduced stimulus duration impacted attention, with reduced accuracy and increased omissions, but had no effect on premature responding. Both elongating and varying the inter‐trial interval within‐session increased premature responses. Mice showed similar and stable levels of increased premature responding 6 months later. Cocaine increased premature responding, though less than previously reported in rats. Atomoxetine reduced premature responding. Yohimbine had no effect on premature responding in the baseline task but decreased premature responding when tested using an elongated inter‐trial interval. Overall, these results highlight that the touch screen adaptation of the 5CSRTT is an effective method for longitudinal testing of attention and impulsive action and remains sensitive to performance changes arising from repeated pharmacological and behavioral challenges.
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Hearing abilities of a late‐surviving archaeocete (Cetacea: Kekenodontidae), and implications for the evolution of sound in Neoceti
Authors: Corrie Joshua , Park Travis 
Published: September 2024

AbstractKekenodontids are the only known archaeocetes (stem cetaceans) from the late Oligocene. They possess a unique combination of morphological features seen in both more primitive Eocene basilosaurid archaeocetes and more derived Neoceti (mysticetes and odontocetes). However, much remains unknown about the clade, including its acoustic biology. Based on its phylogenetic position crownward to basilosaurids as the latest‐diverging archaeocete, we hypothesize that kekenodontids would be specialized for hearing low‐frequency sounds. Here, we provide the first report on the cochlear anatomy of a kekenodontid using the holotype of Kekenodon onamata from New Zealand. We compare the cochlear morphology of K. onamata to a sample of extinct and extant cetaceans and quantify shape differences using three‐dimensional geometric morphometrics. The analyses show that K. onamata was indeed adapted to hear low frequencies and suggests low‐frequency hearing may be a characteristic of raptorial macrophagous fossil cetaceans in contrast to infrasonic bulk filter‐feeding mysticetes and ultrasonic echolocating odontocetes.
Xerostomia and Salivary Dysfunction in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus. A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Sánchez Garrido Isabel , Ramírez Lucía , Muñoz Corcuera Marta , Garrido Estela , Sánchez Lorenzo , Martínez Acitores María Luisa , Hernández Gonzalo , López‐Pintor Rosa María 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) has been associated with salivary disorders such as xerostomia and hyposalivation. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of these disorders and their risk factors in DM patients.MethodsDM patients from two health centers were included. Epidemiological and DM control‐related variables were collected. Xerostomia Inventory was filled out by the patients and unstimulated whole salivary flow was collected. Logistic regression tests were performed.ResultsA total of 168 patients were included (46.4% men, 53.6% women, mean age 72.54 [SD 11.03 years]). Thirteen patients had Type 1 DM and 155 had Type 2 DM. 52.4% experienced xerostomia and 41.1% had unstimulated whole salivary flow hyposalivation. Women were more likely to suffer hyposalivation than men (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.32–4.73; p = 0.005). Patients with T2DM were less likely to suffer UWS hyposalivation than T1DM patients (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.08–0.95; p = 0.04). Glycemic control was not significantly worse in patients with xerostomia and hyposalivation. The drugs for the treatment of DM were not associated with salivary disorders. However, some drugs to treat other comorbidities such hypertension and neurological diseases were associated with xerostomia and hyposalivation.ConclusionsThe prevalence of xerostomia and unstimulated whole salivary flow hyposalivation in patients with DM is high. Female sex, T1DM, and the use of certain non‐antidiabetic drugs increased the risk of suffering these disorders. The possible association between DM, xerostomia, and/or hyposalivation is complex and may be influenced by multiple factors. Therefore, further studies are needed to evaluate whether DM influences these salivary disorders.
The association between experiences of unfair treatment in school and adolescent adjustment over 5 years
Authors: Grew Eva , Baysu Gülseli , Turner Rhiannon N. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study investigates how high‐school experiences of unfair treatment connect to adolescents' higher education enrollment and life satisfaction 5 years later. We utilized four waves of data at ages 14 years (T1), 16 (T2), 18 (T3) and 19 (T4) in the UK (N = 13,065; 51% Male, 49% Female, 70% White, 11% Black, 19% South‐Asian). Perceived teacher unfairness at T1 predicted lower university aspirations (T2) and subsequently lower enrollment in higher education (at T3 and T4) and life satisfaction (T4). Experiences with T1 teacher ethnic discrimination also predicted lower life satisfaction. The effects were similar across historically minoritized and majority‐background pupils, but historically minoritized adolescents experienced more ethnic discrimination in school. Our findings highlight the importance of fair treatment for all pupils.
Productive, internal organ and intestinal histomorphological characteristics of broiler chickens in response to dietary rapeseed meal: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Manyeula Freddy , Sebola Nthabiseng Amanda , Mabelebele Monnye 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe use of rapeseed as a source of protein in broiler chicken diets has been highlighted. However, there are inconsistent findings on the performance data of broiler chickens fed rapeseed meal (RSM). Therefore, this meta‐analysis aimed to resolve the inconsistent findings on the effect of RSM on growth performance, carcass characteristics, internal organs, and intestinal histomorphology of broiler chickens, identify knowledge gaps and create new insights using published data. Fourteen studies on the topic were identified via a systematic search performed on bibliographic databases, and the data generated was analysed using OpenMEE software. A random‐effects model was used, and effect sizes were presented as standardised mean difference (SMD) at a 95% confidence interval (CI). Sources of heterogeneity were evaluated using broiler strains, inclusion levels, processing methods, rearing phases and sex as moderators. In comparison with the controls, the results showed that RSM decreased feed intake (SMD = −0.29; 95% Cl: −0.41, −0.18; p < 0.001), average daily gain (SMD = −0.48; 95% Cl: −0.63, −0.32; p < 0.001), and liver weight (SMD = 1.24; 95% Cl: 0.78, 1.71; p < 0.001), but had no effect on feed conversion ratio (SMD = 0.10; 95% Cl: −0.05, 0.23; p = 0.19). Likewise, broiler chickens fed RSM had significantly reduced carcass yield, weights of thigh, abdominal fat and heart when compared with the control. Results indicate that duodenum villus height (DVH) and jejunum villus height (JVH)/crypt depth (CD) ratios were improved in broiler chickens fed RSM. Meta‐regression revealed that the analysed moderators are significant predictors of feed intake, average daily gain and feed conversion ratio in broiler chickens. In conclusion, dietary RSM negatively influenced growth performance, liver weight and carcass characteristics in broiler chickens, but improved aspects of intestinal histomorphology traits. Therefore, innovative research on processing methods that will improve the feeding value of rapeseed meal in broiler chickens is recommended.
Incidence, characteristics and risk factors of endotracheal tube‐related pressure injuries in intensive care units
Authors: Cambaz Cansu , Ozdemir Koken Zeliha , Sayin Mehmet Murat 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundMedical devices commonly used for the treatment and care of critically ill patients can cause pressure injuries in intensive care units (ICUs). The endotracheal tube (ETT) is one of the most common medical devices to cause pressure injuries.AimThis study investigated the incidence of, characteristics of and risk factors for ETT‐related pressure injuries for ICU patients.Study DesignThis study adopted a prospective descriptive research design. The sample consisted of 146 endotracheally intubated patients. Data were collected using a patient information form, an Endotracheal Tube‐Related Pressure Injuries Assessment Form, the Braden Risk Assessment Tool and the Nutritional Assessment Test.ResultsThe study revealed that 80.14% of the patients developed ETT‐related pressure injuries. Over half of the ETT‐related pressure injuries appeared on Day 3 or 4 (56.41%). High body mass index was found to be associated with the development of ETT‐related pressure injuries (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.05–1.26, p = .003). None of the other variables were statistically significant in the development of pressure injuries.ConclusionsThe incidence of ETT‐related pressure injuries was quite high in the internal, surgical and anaesthesia ICUs. High body mass index was associated with the development of ETT‐related pressure injuries. Intensive care nurses should implement interventions to prevent ETT‐related pressure injuries in critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation support.Relevance to Clinical PracticeETT‐related pressure injuries are common in ICU patients. High body mass index was associated with the development of ETT‐related pressure injuries in critically ill patients. The skin and mucosa should be assessed for the development of ETT‐related pressure injuries during the daily assessment of the patients receiving mechanical ventilation support. The ETT should be repositioned regularly, and the most suitable ETT fixation method should be used.
Pharmacological characterization of alpha adrenoceptor‐mediated motor responses in the rat colon
Authors: Traserra Sara , Grao Marc , Trujillo Sonia , Jiménez‐Altayó Francesc , Vergara Patri , Jimenez Marcel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundInhibitory neuromuscular transmission in the gastrointestinal tract is mediated by intrinsic nitrergic and purinergic neurons. Purines activate G protein‐coupled receptor P2Y1 receptors, increasing intracellular Ca2+ that activates small conductance calcium‐activated potassium (SKCa) channels. Little is known about the effect of adrenergic receptor activation on intestinal smooth muscle. In vascular tissue, stimulation of α‐adrenoceptors causes smooth muscle contraction, while their effect on intestinal tissue is poorly understood. This study aimed to pharmacologically characterize the effect of α‐adrenoceptor activation in the rat colon, which shares similar inhibitory pathways to the human colon.MethodsMuscle bath experiments were performed with the rat proximal, mid, and distal colon oriented both circularly and longitudinally.ResultsThe α1‐adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine (PE) (10−8–10−5 M) evoked concentration‐dependent relaxations of the intestinal smooth muscle from all regions and orientations. However, in the mid‐circular colon at low PE concentrations, a contraction sensitive to 10−5 M phentolamine (non‐selective α‐adrenoceptor blocker), the neural blocker tetrodotoxin (TTX; 10−6 M), and atropine (10−6 M) was recorded. PE‐induced relaxations were insensitive to TTX (10−6 M) and the nonselective β‐adrenoceptor blocker propranolol (10−6 M). In contrast, PE‐induced relaxations were blocked by phentolamine (10−5 M), prazosin (10−6 M) (α1‐adrenoceptor blocker), and RS17053 (10−6 M) (α1A‐blocker), but not by yohimbine (10−6 M) (α2‐adrenoceptor blocker). Apamin (10−6 M), a SKCa channel blocker, abolished PE‐induced relaxations.ConclusionsContractile responses in the circular muscle of the mid colon could be attributed to α‐adrenoceptors located on enteric cholinergic neurons. Stimulation of α1A‐adrenoreceptors activates SKCa channels to cause smooth muscle relaxation, which constitutes a signaling pathway that shares similarities with P2Y1 receptors.
Nursing effectiveness reconsidered: Some fundamental reflections on the nature of nursing
Authors: Mayer Hanna , Wallner Martin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDespite being considered the proverbial backbone of our healthcare systems, nursing still seems to struggle to scientifically demonstrate its contribution to care experiences and patient outcomes. This leads to erosive tendencies that threaten the development of the profession and its progress as an academic discipline. With this paper, we want to contribute to the theoretical discourse concerning the nature of nursing and the research into its effectiveness. We begin by outlining a set of prevailing paradoxes and their consequences relating to nursing and nursing research: the issue of demonstrating its unique contribution despite a clear societal mandate; a discrepancy between subjectively experienced effectiveness and objectively ascertainable effectiveness; and a mismatch between theoretical premises of nursing and task‐oriented cultures in practice environments. Using an example of a seemingly simple nursing intervention, we intend to demonstrate the qualities and complexities of nursing. We further illustrate this by drawing on several of our research projects using theory‐based evaluation methodologies. From these illustrative examples, we distil two insights relating to nursing interventions that we consider fundamental: the nurse, as a person, is central to its unique effectiveness; and there is always an interplay between context, intervention and its intended effect. We summarise our considerations and argue the case for conceiving research designs in alignment with theoretical premises of nursing.
Cholinergic Signaling Mediated by Muscarinic Receptors Triggers the Ultraviolet‐Induced Release of Melanosome in Cultured Melanoma Cells
Authors: Guo Maggie Suisui , Wu Qiyun , Xia Yingjie , Wu Jiahui , Wang Xiaoyang , Yuen Gary Ka Wing , Dong Tina Tingxia , Gao Jin , Tsim Karl Wah Keung 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIn skin, melanin is synthesized and stored in melanosomes. In epidermal melanocytes, melanosomes are transported to and internalized by the neighboring keratinocytes, subsequently leading to skin pigmentation. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation induces the release of acetylcholine (ACh) from keratinocytes, which in turn activates ACh receptors (AChRs) on nearby melanocytes, forming a proposed “skin synapse”. Here, we illustrated that the UV‐induced melanosome release from cultured B16F10 melanoma cells could be mediated by co‐actions of ACh. In the cell cultures, UV exposure robustly elicited melanosome release. Applied bethanechol (BeCh), an agonist of muscarinic AChR (mAChR), could significantly enhance the release. In parallel, the intracellular Ca2+ mobilization was regulated. The applied antagonists of M1 and/or M3 mAChRs could block the UV‐induced melanosome release and the mobilization of intracellular Ca2+. The phosphorylation of PKC, triggered by UV and BeCh treatments, could be suppressed by the applied mAChR antagonists. The expressions of tethering complex for exocytosis, for example, Sec8, Exo70, and Rab11b, as well as synaptotagmin, were increased under UV exposure together with mAChR agonist: The inductions were fully abolished by M1 or M3 antagonist. Here, we hypothesize that the cholinergic signaling is playing roles in UV‐induced exocytosis of melanosomes.
The local solubility for homogeneous polynomials with random coefficients over thin sets
Authors: Lee Heejong , Lee Seungsu , Yeon Kiseok 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLet and be natural numbers greater or equal to 2. Let be a homogeneous polynomial in variables of degree with integer coefficients , where denotes the inner product, and denotes the Veronese embedding with . Consider a variety in , defined by . In this paper, we examine a set of integer vectors , defined by
where is a nonsingular form in variables of degree with for some constant depending at most on and . Suppose has a nontrivial integer solution. We confirm that the proportion of integer vectors in , whose associated equation is everywhere locally soluble, converges to a constant as . Moreover, for each place of , if there exists a nonzero such that and the variety in admits a smooth ‐point, the constant is positive.
Learning-Based Predictive Linear Parameter-Varying Control of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jets
Authors: GhafGhanbari Pegah , Mohammadpour Velni Javad 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Complexity of atmospheric pressure plasma jet dynamics poses a significant challenge for control design, and this letter presents a learning- and scenario-based model predictive control (ScMPC) method in the linear parameter-varying (LPV) framework to tackle this challenge. By leveraging artificial neural networks, an LPV state-space representation of the system dynamics is first learned. The mismatch between this model and real plant is then estimated using Bayesian neural networks, enabling scenario generation for ScMPC design. Soft constraints are imposed in the control design formulation to ensure the feasibility of the underlying optimization problem. Results from extensive simulations are used to compare the proposed framework with a benchmark linear time invariant (LTI)-based ScMPC, demonstrating superior performance in both reference tracking and thermal dose delivery. The proposed approach allows for accurate control of plasma jets while reducing conservatism inherent in either LTI-based approaches or other robust control methods.
Optimization of Thermal Non-Uniformity Challenges in Liquid-Cooled Lithium-Ion Battery Packs Using NSGA-II
Authors: Zhou Long , Li Shengnan , Jain Ankur , Sun Guanghua , Chen Guoqiang , Guo Desui , Kang Jincan , Zhao Yong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Heat removal and thermal management are critical for the safe and efficient operation of lithium-ion batteries and packs. Effective removal of dynamically generated heat from cells presents a substantial challenge for thermal management optimization. This study introduces a novel liquid cooling thermal management method aimed at improving temperature uniformity in a battery pack. A complex nonlinear hybrid model is established through traditional full-factor design and back propagation neural network (BPNN) approximation. This model links input parameters such as the number of baffles, baffle angle, and inlet speed to output parameters including maximum temperature, temperature difference, and pressure drop. Global multiobjective optimization is carried out using the Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II to sidestep locally optimal solutions. Pareto optimal solutions are sorted using multiple criteria decision-making techniques. Through thermal management optimization, the maximum temperature rise of the battery relative to the initial temperature is controlled within 7.68 K, the temperature difference is controlled within 4.22 K (below the commonly required 5 K), and the pressure drop is only 83.92 Pa. Results presented in this work may help enhance the performance and efficiency of battery-based energy conversion and storage. The optimization technique used in this work helps maximize the benefit of an innovative battery thermal management technique.
Motor Competence as Key to Support Healthy Development of 3- to 5-Year-Old Children: An Expert Statement on Behalf of the International Motor Development Research Consortium
Authors: Martins Clarice , Valentini Nadia C. , Sääkslahti Arja , Africa Eileen K. , Webster E. Kipling , Nobre Glauber , Robinson Leah E. , Duncan Michael , Tortella Patrizia , Bandeira Paulo F. , Barnett Lisa M. 
Published: September 2024

The first years of life are an optimal time for developing motor competence. However, the evidence regarding motor competence in early childhood is fragmented and needs to be clearly synthesized and presented. To establish effective evidence-based decision making in research, practice, and policy for the early years, this expert statement, on behalf of the International Motor Development Research Consortium, draws together what is currently known about 3- to 5-year-old children on (a) how skilled are children around the world, (b) the link between motor competence and healthy developmental outcomes, and (c) the capacity to improve children’s motor competence through intervention. This expert statement presents a summary of recent evidence for each of these specific points, followed by recommendations for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers.
Confidence to Return to Play After Concussion
Authors: Crofts Regan , Morris Amanda J. , Quammen David L. , Petersell Tessa L. , Liebel Spencer W. , Podlog Leslie , Fino Peter C. 
Published: September 2024

Context: The sequelae of concussion may have psychological consequences that affect an athlete’s ability to return to play (RTP). However, confidence of RTP readiness is rarely monitored after a concussion. Design: This study examined the acute and longitudinal implications of concussion on an athlete’s confidence to RTP, the relationship between self-reported symptoms and athlete confidence to RTP, and interactions between concussion symptoms, sex, sport type (contact vs noncontact), and confidence to RTP. Methods: Forty-six college athletes (65% female) sustained a concussion and completed the Injury Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport (I-PRRS) scale at 3 timepoints: within 72 hours of injury (acute), within 72 hours of beginning the RTP protocol (pre-RTP), and within 72 hours of being fully cleared to RTP (post-RTP). Results: Athletes reported acute low confidence after concussion (I-PRRS mean [SD] = 32.59 [18.45]), which improved over time (pre-RTP mean [SD] = 52.11 [9.60]; post-RTP mean [SD] = 57.45 [5.96]). Some athletes returned to competition (post-RTP) with lingering confidence concerns (ie, I-PRRS < 50; 95% CI = 0.03–0.26). Acute symptom severity was associated with worse confidence (P < .001). Sex and sport type (contact vs noncontact) had no relationship with confidence (P = .406, P = .3314, respectively). These results indicate that athletes lack confidence acutely (within 72 h) following concussion. Conclusions: Although confidence improves over time, those who report greater acute symptoms also exhibit decreased confidence, and some athletes are returning to play with lingering concerns about their confidence (I-PRRS < 50). This preliminary evidence of heterogeneous confidence following concussion encourages the assessment and monitoring of confidence throughout concussion rehabilitation.