bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Techno‐economic analysis of three different substrate removal and reuse strategies for III‐V solar cells
Authors: Ward J. Scott , Remo Timothy , Horowitz Kelsey , Woodhouse Michael , Sopori Bhushan , VanSant Kaitlyn , Basore Paul 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe high cost of wafers suitable for epitaxial deposition of III‐V solar cells has been a primary barrier to widespread use of these cells in low‐concentration and one‐sun terrestrial solar applications. A possible solution is to reuse the substrate many times, thus spreading its cost across many cells. We performed a bottom‐up techno‐economic analysis of three different strategies for substrate reuse in high‐volume manufacturing: epitaxial lift‐off, spalling, and the use of a porous germanium release layer. The analysis shows that the potential cost reduction resulting from substrate reuse is limited in all three strategies––not by the number of reuse cycles achievable, but by the costs that are incurred in each cycle to prepare the substrate for another epitaxial deposition. The dominant substrate‐preparation cost component is different for each of the three strategies, and the cost‐ranking of these strategies is subject to change if future developments substantially reduce the cost of epitaxial deposition. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Body image and psychological distress in nipple‐sparing mastectomy: the roles of self‐compassion and appearance investment
Authors: Sherman K. A. , Woon S. , French J. , Elder E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveWomen with breast cancer face threats to body image following surgery. Nipple‐sparing mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction (NSM + IBR) may minimise body image disturbance as this preserves the woman's skin and areola complex. We assessed levels of body image disturbance and psychological distress in women undergoing NSM + IBR. To further understand the body image–distress relationship, we investigated the potential moderating effect of self‐compassion and appearance investment on this relationship.MethodsWomen diagnosed with breast cancer (N = 75) who had undergone NSM + IBR completed online questionnaires including the Body Image Scale, general (Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales) and cancer‐specific (Impact of Event Scale) psychological distress and Self‐Compassion Scale and Appearance Schemas Inventory – Revised.ResultsMean general and cancer‐specific psychological distress scores were within normal ranges, and body image disturbance was moderately low. Body image was positively correlated with depression, stress, Impact of Event Scale scores and appearance investment and negatively correlated with self‐compassion. MANCOVA analyses indicated a significant moderating effect of self‐compassion and appearance investment on the body image disturbance–distress relationship (for depression, stress and intrusion), such that participants with high self‐compassion and low appearance investment experienced lower distress than individuals with low self‐compassion and high appearance investment.ConclusionsModerately low levels of psychological distress and body image disturbance suggest NSM + IBR may minimise adverse psychological impacts of mastectomy. Increased body image disturbance was associated with psychological distress and moderated by self‐compassion and appearance investment, suggesting a potential role for these characteristics as the focus of psychological interventions to minimise the negative impacts of mastectomy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shouldice herniorrhaphy – still an effective technique: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Karakose Oktay , Eken Huseyin 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

Aim:
Only 4.8% of general surgeons in our country prefer Shouldice herniorrhaphy in primary inguinal hernia repair. In the evaluation of postoperative complications, this technique, which has the closest results to Lichtenstein herniorrhaphy, could be the preferred method in selected cases of primary inguinal hernia repair. It does not only provide an alternative to the surgeon, but it can also be the first choice in cases where mesh repair cannot be applied. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Shouldice herniorrhaphy in patients who got the primary inguinal hernia diagnosis, comparing Lichtenstein herniorrhaphy.

Patients and method:
Our study was done two-centred. We followed 48 patients who were operated with Lichtenstein technique for a diagnosis of primary inguinal hernia at the General Surgery Clinic of Erzincan Mengücek Gazi Training and Research Hospital between February 2011 and February 2014 and 42 patients who were applied Shouldice technique at Bulancak State Hospital General Surgery Department between January 2010 and February 2013. The patients were evaluated in respect of age, gender, hernia area, hernia type and early or late complications.

Findings:
In respect of early complications, urine retention developed in only 2 (4.7%) patients of the Shouldice group. In the Lichtenstein group, complications developed in a total of 3 (6.3%) patients, as superficial infection was observed in 1 patient, seroma in 1 and urinary retention in 1. When we searched late-stage complications of the patients, paraesthesia developed in the inguinal area of 1 (2.3%) patient in the Shouldice group, and neuralgia developed in 2 (4.1%) patients of the Lichtenstein group. No recurrence was determined in any of the patients.

Conclusion:
In the repair of inguinal hernia, surgeons should not be tied to just one method. Shouldice herniorrhaphy is a good technique that could be the first choice when the use of mesh is not possible and could be an alternative to Lichtenstein herniorrhaphy when done appropriately. In surgical training, it should be considered after the Lichtenstein method in primary inguinal hernia repair.

Highlights
The appointment of chief supply chain officers to top management teams: A contingency model of firm‐level antecedents and consequences
Authors: Roh Joseph , Krause Ryan , Swink Morgan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis study investigates the recent emergence of Chief Supply Chain Officers (CSCOs). Drawing on contingency theory, we analyze firm‐level antecedents and consequences associated with CSCOs being appointed to top management teams (TMTs). We conceptually develop the role of CSCOs and hypothesize that CSCOs are most likely to be appointed to TMTs at firms where supply chain‐related integration and differentiation pressures are high. The results from a matched sample of S&P 1500 firms over a 21‐year period reveal that financial leverage, internationalization, and diversification all predict CSCO appointment to the TMT. Our results also suggest that these same contingencies positively moderate the effect of CSCO presence on firm performance, with CSCOs proving beneficial when leverage, internationalization, and diversification levels are high, but detrimental when leverage, internationalization, and diversification are low. In addition, we find post‐hoc evidence that suggests institutional forces may also be a factor in CSCO appointments. Our results reveal that most of the contingency performance effects manifest only for early adopters of the CSCO role, suggesting that late‐mover elevation of the supply chain function to the TMT is a form of mimetic isomorphism. This study extends research on CSCOs and their emergence in TMTs, as well as the role of operations management in corporate strategy.
The Erotic Political Philosophy of Thomas Hobbes
Authors: Boucher Joanne 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this article I engage with recent scholarly commentary concerning the realm of human sexuality in the work of Thomas Hobbes. This has, perhaps unsurprisingly, been a neglected area of enquiry given the paucity of Hobbes's analysis of this aspect of the human passions. I argue that this new field of enquiry is to be welcomed as it allows us to explore and understand Hobbes as a fully erotic philosopher. Moreover, his erotic philosophy is best understood through the prism of his thorough-going materialism.
Social Networks and Regional Identity in Bronze Age Italy, by Emma Blake, 2014. New York (NY): Cambridge University Press; ISBN 978-1-107-06320-4 hardback £65 & $99; xiv + 325 pp., 41 figs, 15 tables – ERRATUM
Authors: Iacono Francesco 
Published: May 2016

In the above book review (Iacono 2016) published in 26.2 (pp. 372–4), several author's corrections were missed throughout. The press apologises for any confusion caused by this error.The correct version of the book review follows this notice.
Another gastroenteritis?
Authors: Biskup Ewelina , Necek Magdalena , Changjin Qu 
Published: May 2016

Schon wieder eine Gastroenteritis? Zusammenfassung. Pfortaderthrombose (PVT) ist eine wichtige, aber oft verzögerte oder verfehlte Differenzialdiagnose bei Patienten mit Bauchschmerzen. In diesem Fallbericht präsentieren wir einen zuvor gesunden 42-jährigen Patienten mit über fünf Tage anhaltenden Schmerzen im Oberbauch. PVT ist eine häufige Komplikation bei Patienten mit Leberzirrhose, jedoch ungewöhnlich bei sonst gesunden Menschen. Genmutationen, die zu einer Hyperkoagulabilität mit thrombotischen Ereignissen im Pfortadersystem und damit zu Koagulopathien führen, müssen als mögliche Ursachen in Betracht gezogen werden. Pfortaderthrombosen sollten daher mit subakuten Bauchschmerzen in Verbindung gebracht werden. Myeloproliferative Neoplasien (MPN), paroxysmale nächtliche Hämoglobinurie (PNH) und das Antiphospholipid-Antikörper-Syndrom sollten differenzialdiagnostisch als Grunderkrankungen berücksichtigt werden.
A microfluidics-based in vitro model of the gastrointestinal human–microbe interface
Authors: Shah Pranjul , Fritz Joëlle V. , Glaab Enrico , Desai Mahesh S. , Greenhalgh Kacy , Frachet Audrey , Niegowska Magdalena , Estes Matthew , Jäger Christian , Seguin-Devaux Carole , Zenhausern Frederic , Wilmes Paul 
Published: May 2016

AbstractChanges in the human gastrointestinal microbiome are associated with several diseases. To infer causality, experiments in representative models are essential, but widely used animal models exhibit limitations. Here we present a modular, microfluidics-based model (HuMiX, human–microbial crosstalk), which allows co-culture of human and microbial cells under conditions representative of the gastrointestinal human–microbe interface. We demonstrate the ability of HuMiX to recapitulatein vivotranscriptional, metabolic and immunological responses in human intestinal epithelial cells following their co-culture with the commensalLactobacillus rhamnosusGG (LGG) grown under anaerobic conditions. In addition, we show that the co-culture of human epithelial cells with the obligate anaerobeBacteroides caccaeand LGG results in a transcriptional response, which is distinct from that of a co-culture solely comprising LGG. HuMiX facilitates investigations of host–microbe molecular interactions and provides insights into a range of fundamental research questions linking the gastrointestinal microbiome to human health and disease.
FetalQuantSD: accurate quantification of fetal DNA fraction by shallow-depth sequencing of maternal plasma DNA
Authors: Jiang Peiyong , Peng Xianlu , Su Xiaoxi , Sun Kun , Yu Stephanie C Y , Chu Weng In , Leung Tak Y , Sun Hao , Chiu Rossa W K , Lo Yuk Ming Dennis , Chan Kwan Chee Allen 
Published: May 2016

AbstractNoninvasive prenatal testing using massively parallel sequencing of maternal plasma DNA has been rapidly adopted in clinical use worldwide. Fetal DNA fraction in a maternal plasma sample is an important parameter for accurate interpretations of these tests. However, there is a lack of methods involving low-sequencing depth and yet would allow a robust and accurate determination of fetal DNA fraction in maternal plasma for all pregnancies. In this study, we have developed a new method to accurately quantify the fetal DNA fraction by analysing the maternal genotypes and sequencing data of maternal plasma DNA. Fetal DNA fraction was calculated based on the proportion of non-maternal alleles at single-nucleotide polymorphisms where the mother is homozygous. This new approach achieves a median deviation of 0.6% between predicted fetal DNA fraction and the actual fetal DNA fraction using as low as 0.03-fold sequencing coverage of the human genome. We believe that this method will further enhance the clinical interpretations of noninvasive prenatal testing using genome-wide random sequencing.
Positive to negative zero-field cooled exchange bias in La0.5Sr0.5Mn0.8Co0.2O3 ceramics
Authors: Shang Cui , Guo Shaopu , Wang Ruilong , Sun Zhigang , Xiao Haibo , Xu Lingfang , Yang Changping , Xia Zhengcai 
Published: May 2016

AbstractExchange bias effect obtained after zero-field cooling from unmagnetized state usually exhibits a shift of hysteresis loop negative to the direction of the initial magnetic field, known as negative zero-field cooled exchange bias. Here, positive zero-field cooled exchange bias is reported in La0.5Sr0.5Mn0.8Co0.2O3 ceramics. In addition, a transition from positive to negative exchange bias has been observed with increasing initial magnetization field and measurement temperature. Based on a simple spin bidomain model with variable interface, two type of interfacial spin configuration formed during the initial magnetization process are proposed to interpret the observed phenomenon.
Plant microRNAs as novel immunomodulatory agents
Authors: Cavalieri Duccio , Rizzetto Lisa , Tocci Noemi , Rivero Damariz , Asquini Elisa , Si-Ammour Azeddine , Bonechi Elena , Ballerini Clara , Viola Roberto 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAn increasing body of literature is addressing the immuno-modulating functions of miRNAs which include paracrine signaling via exosome-mediated intercellular miRNA. In view of the recent evidence of intake and bioavailability of dietary miRNAs in humans and animals we explored the immuno-modulating capacity of plant derived miRNAs. Here we show that transfection of synthetic miRNAs or native miRNA-enriched fractions obtained from a wide range of plant species and organs modifies dendritic cells ability to respond to inflammatory agents by limiting T cell proliferation and consequently dampening inflammation. This immuno-modulatory effect appears associated with binding of plant miRNA on TLR3 with ensuing impairment of TRIF signaling. Similarly, in vivo, plant small RNAs reduce the onset of severity of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelities by limiting dendritic cell migration and dampening Th1 and Th17 responses in a Treg-independent manner. Our results indicate a potential for therapeutic use of plant miRNAs in the prevention of chronic-inflammation related diseases.
Extracellular acidification stimulates GPR68 mediated IL-8 production in human pancreatic β cells
Authors: Chandra Vikash , Karamitri Angeliki , Richards Paul , Cormier Françoise , Ramond Cyrille , Jockers Ralf , Armanet Mathieu , Albagli-Curiel Olivier , Scharfmann Raphael 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAcute or chronic metabolic complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis are often associated with extracellular acidification and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. However, the mechanisms by which human β-cells sense and respond to acidic pH remain elusive. In this study, using the recently developed human β-cell line EndoC-βH2, we demonstrate that β-cells respond to extracellular acidification through GPR68, which is the predominant proton sensing receptor of human β-cells. Using gain- and loss-of-function studies, we provide evidence that the β-cell enriched transcription factor RFX6 is a major regulator of GPR68. Further, we show that acidic pH stimulates the production and secretion of the chemokine IL-8 by β-cells through NF-кB activation. Blocking of GPR68 or NF-кB activity severely attenuated acidification induced IL-8 production. Thus, we provide mechanistic insights into GPR68 mediated β-cell response to acidic microenvironment, which could be a new target to protect β-cell against acidosis induced inflammation.
Signal interference between CRLH TL and RH TL
Authors: Xiao Yang , Li Lin , Liu Gang , Cheng Wei 
Published: May 2016

This Letter studies novel signal interference between composite right/left‐handed transmission line (CRLH‐TL) and right‐handed transmission line (RH‐TL). Theoretical study reveals that proposed innovative structure could not only realise conventional three transmission zeros bandstop response in minimised size but also provide bandpass and highpass filtering characteristic. Finally, a bandpass filter having a wide fractional bandwidth of 142% is implemented with very compact size of 42.27 mm × 26.76 mm. Theoretical predictions are well validated by corresponding measurements.
Effect of surfactant type on the synthesis of nanocrystalline MgAl2O4 and its application as a support for Ni catalyst in the steam pre‐reforming of natural gas
Authors: Keshavarz Ahmad Reza , Soleimani Mansooreh 
Published: May 2016

Mesoporous nanocrystalline magnesium aluminate (MgAl2O4) particles with different surface area (70–230 m2 g−1) were synthesised via the homogeneous co‐precipitation method using different surfactants (cationic, anionic and non‐ionic). The obtained powders were used as the support to prepare 10.5 nickel (Ni)/MgAl2O4 catalysts, and the resulting samples were tested in the steam pre‐reforming of natural gas. The obtained samples were characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET), X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis, transmission electron microscopy and temperature programmed desorption (TPD) techniques. Experimental results showed that the shape, surface area and porosity of MgAl2O4 particles were strongly dependent on the type of surfactants used. In addition, the Ni catalyst supported on the MgAl2O4 with the highest surface area exhibited the smallest size of Ni particles (14.1 nm). This catalyst has over 97% of ethane and propane conversions in steam pre‐reforming of natural gas under atmospheric pressure, 550°C, low steam to carbon molar ratio (S/C = 1.5) and high gas hourly space velocity (GHSV = 100,000 ml g−1catalyst h−1).
Tight Glycemic Control in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Agus Michael , Soto-Rivera Carmen 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHyperglycemia is a common complication in critically ill, nondiabetic children. Four large pediatric randomized controlled trials of tight glycemic control (TGC) have been conducted to date with contradicting results. This review will highlight the design and outcomes of these trials and other relevant studies to provide an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of TGC for different populations at risk of hyperglycemia along with future directions for research.
Myosin MyTH4-FERM structures highlight important principles of convergent evolution
Authors: Planelles-Herrero Vicente José , Blanc Florian , Sirigu Serena , Sirkia Helena , Clause Jeffrey , Sourigues Yannick , Johnsrud Daniel O. , Amigues Beatrice , Cecchini Marco , Gilbert Susan P. , Houdusse Anne , Titus Margaret A. 
Published: May 2016

Significance
Myosins containing MyTH4-FERM (myosin tail homology 4-band 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin, or MF) domains in their tails are found in wide range of phylogenetically divergent organisms. Interestingly, evolutionarily distant MF myosins have similar roles in the extension of actin-filled membrane protrusions, such as filopodia, and microtubule binding, suggesting that their core functions have been highly conserved over evolution. A structural analysis of mammalian and Dd myosin MF domains in combination with comparison of diverse MF myosin sequences illustrate how tuning of existing features can give rise to new structures while preserving the general properties of myosin tails. Thus, tinkering with the MF domain enables it to serve as a multifunctional platform for cooperative recruitment of various partners, allowing common properties to arise through convergent evolution.
Electromagnetic particle simulation of the effect of toroidicity on linear mode conversion and absorption of lower hybrid waves
Authors: Bao J. , Lin Z. , Kuley A. , Wang Z.X. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Effects of toroidicity on linear mode conversion and absorption of lower hybrid (LH) waves in fusion plasmas have been studied using electromagnetic particle simulation. The simulation confirms that the toroidicity induces an upshift of parallel refractive index when LH waves propagate from the tokamak edge toward the core, which affects the radial position for the mode conversion between slow and fast LH waves. Furthermore, moving LH antenna launch position from low field side toward high field side leads to a larger upshift of the parallel refractive index, which helps the slow LH wave penetration into the tokamak core. The broadening of the poloidal spectrum of the wave-packet due to wave diffraction is also verified in the simulation. Both the upshift and broadening effects of the parallel spectrum of the wave-packet modify the parallel phase velocity and thus the linear absorption of LH waves by electron Landau resonance.
Three-dimensional modeling of plasma edge transport and divertor fluxes during application of resonant magnetic perturbations on ITER
Authors: Schmitz O. , Becoulet M. , Cahyna P. , Evans T.E. , Feng Y. , Frerichs H. , Loarte A. , Pitts R.A. , Reiser D. , Fenstermacher M.E. , Harting D. , Kirschner A. , Kukushkin A. , Lunt T. , Saibene G. , Reiter D. , Samm U. , Wiesen S. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Results from three-dimensional modeling of plasma edge transport and plasma–wall interactions during application of resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) fields for control of edge-localized modes in the ITER standard 15 MA Q  =  10 H-mode are presented. The full 3D plasma fluid and kinetic neutral transport code EMC3-EIRENE is used for the modeling. Four characteristic perturbed magnetic topologies are considered and discussed with reference to the axisymmetric case without RMP fields. Two perturbation field amplitudes at full and half of the ITER ELM control coil current capability using the vacuum approximation are compared to a case including a strongly screening plasma response. In addition, a vacuum field case at high q
95  =  4.2 featuring increased magnetic shear has been modeled.
Formation of a three-dimensional plasma boundary is seen for all four perturbed magnetic topologies. The resonant field amplitudes and the effective radial magnetic field at the separatrix define the shape and extension of the 3D plasma boundary. Opening of the magnetic field lines from inside the separatrix establishes scrape-off layer-like channels of direct parallel particle and heat flux towards the divertor yielding a reduction of the main plasma thermal and particle confinement. This impact on confinement is most accentuated at full RMP current and is strongly reduced when screened RMP fields are considered, as well as for the reduced coil current cases.
The divertor fluxes are redirected into a three-dimensional pattern of helical magnetic footprints on the divertor target tiles. At maximum perturbation strength, these fingers stretch out as far as 60 cm across the divertor targets, yielding heat flux spreading and the reduction of peak heat fluxes by 30%. However, at the same time substantial and highly localized heat fluxes reach divertor areas well outside of the axisymmetric heat flux decay profile. Reduced RMP amplitudes due to screening or reduced RMP coil current yield a reduction of the width of the divertor flux spreading to about 20–25 cm and cause increased peak heat fluxes back to values similar to those in the axisymmetric case. The dependencies of these features on the divertor recycling regime and the perpendicular transport assumptions, as well as toroidal averaged effects mimicking rotation of the RMP field, are discussed in the paper.