bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Do Firms Finance Nonprimary Market Investments? Evidence from REITs
Authors: Conklin James , Diop Moussa , Qiu Mingming 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis study explores the impact of investment characteristics, mainly investment location relative to the firm's primary market, on financing choices by real estate investment trusts (REITs). Using a large sample of commercial property acquisitions, we show that REITs are 4–8% less likely to use secured (mortgage) debt when acquiring properties in their primary markets than elsewhere. The documented evidence supports a demand‐side story for the relation between investment characteristics and financing. Moreover, the evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that REITs avoid mortgage financing in their primary markets to preserve operational flexibility in those markets.
Surgical strategies in the treatment of liver hydatid cyst
Authors: Manterola Carlos , Otzen Tamara 
Published: August 2017

AimHydatidosis is an endemic zoonosis that is prevalent in South America, specifically in Chile, Argentina and Uruguay. Liver hydatidosis (LH) is associated with morbidity and mortality due to evolutionary complications, as well as the risk of complications related to surgical procedures. The surgical treatment of LH can be divided into four phases: isolation of the surgical area, evacuation of the cyst, treatment of the complications of the cyst and treatment of the residual cavity. LH surgical procedures can be classified as conservative and radical. The aim of the present study was to present a general, evidence‐based overview of some surgical aspects of interest in the treatment of LH.Patients and MethodsAn overview was conducted. Articles published between 1990 and 2015 and related to results of surgery in patients with LH were evaluated. PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO and Trip Database were reviewed, and the results of surgery in LH patients were evaluated.ResultsA total of 301 articles were retrieved, 46 of which met the selection criteria (3 systematic reviews, 2 controlled trials, 5 cohorts studies, 12 observational studies and 24 case series). The studies had a level of evidence of 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a and 4 of prognostic and therapy scenarios.ConclusionsThe articles found were few and heterogeneous, making meaningful conclusions difficult. Studies with better levels of evidence, methodological quality and population size are needed to make conclusions and recommendations.
Evaluation of New York State's Sex Offender Civil Management Assessment Process Recidivism Outcomes
Authors: Sandler Jeffrey C. , Freeman Naomi J. 
Published: August 2017

Research SummaryWe sought to evaluate New York State's sex offender civil management law by (a) investigating the sexual rearrest of offenders who were screened for possible civil management but who did not receive it and (b) evaluating the accuracy of the multi‐tiered civil management screening and assessment process. Our results indicated that each step in the multi‐tiered assessment process is effectively and accurately identifying higher risk offenders. Additionally, after a 5‐year follow‐up period, 4.6% of the offenders screened by the New York State Office of Mental Health (OMH) who did not receive civil management were rearrested for a sexual offense, which was a significant 36.1% decrease from the 7.2% five‐year sexual rearrest rate found before the enactment of civil management.Policy ImplicationsThe results suggest that the screening process used by OMH to implement New York's civil management initiative is accurately identifying lower and higher risk offenders. The size of the public safety gains from civil management, however, need to be kept in perspective. A 2.6% reduction in the sexual rearrest rate is certainly a significant reduction in rearrests, but it is still a small reduction within the scope of overall sexual offending. The constitutional limits placed on civil management, however, make it difficult for these programs to have further public safety gains than those already achieved. As such, additional efforts to produce further meaningful reductions of not just recidivism but of all sexual assault should continue to be explored.
Public Support for Emergency Shelter Housing Interventions Concerning Stigmatized Populations
Authors: Dum Christopher P. , Socia Kelly M. , Rydberg Jason 
Published: August 2017

Research SummaryWe examine citizen decision‐making in the context of providing access to safe housing to different noncriminal and criminal populations. More than 4,000 national online survey respondents considered different “emergency housing policy” scenarios that would affect the housing conditions of one of five randomly assigned populations of varying stigma (three noncriminal, two criminal). We find that the criminal populations had the least support for helpful housing policies and the most support for harmful housing policies. Furthermore, compared with a “no cost” policy, average support levels decreased when it increased taxes for the respondent.Policy ImplicationsCitizens seem more willing to subject criminal populations to poor and unsafe housing conditions compared with noncriminal populations. Thus, citizen support may be higher when policies are pitched in ways that do not imply specifically helping ex‐offenders, when they do not involve a personal sacrifice through increased taxes, and when they do not involve “in‐my‐backyard” proposals. For example, a housing policy pitched as aiding the area's homeless (ex‐offenders included) would likely see more support than one that identifies ex‐offenders (and particularly sex offenders) as the population being targeted for help, or that identifies a specific neighborhood as a potential housing facility location.
raptr: Representative and adequate prioritization toolkit in R
Authors: Hanson Jeffrey O. , Rhodes Jonathan R. , Possingham Hugh P. , Fuller Richard A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAn underlying aim in conservation planning is to maximize the long‐term persistence of biodiversity. To fulfil this aim, the ecological and evolutionary processes that sustain biodiversity must be preserved. One way to conserve such processes at the feature level (e.g. species, ecosystem) is to preserve a sample of the feature (e.g. individuals, areas) that is representative of the intrinsic or extrinsic physical attributes that underpin the process of interest. For example, by conserving a sample of populations with local adaptations—physical attributes associated with adaptation—that is representative of the range of adaptations found in the species, protected areas can maintain adaptive processes by ensuring these adaptations are not lost. Despite this, current reserve selection methods overwhelmingly focus on securing an adequate amount of area or habitat for each feature. Little attention has been directed towards capturing a representative sample of the variation within each feature.To address this issue, we developed theraptr Rpackage to help guide reserve selection. Users set “amount targets”—similar to conventional methods—to ensure that solutions secure a sufficient proportion of area or habitat for each feature. Additionally, users set “space targets” to secure a representative sample of variation in ecologically or evolutionarily relevant attributes (e.g. environmental or genetic variation). We demonstrate the functionality of this package, using simulations and two case studies. In these studies, we generated solutions using amount targets—similar to conventional methods—and compared them with solutions generated using amount and space targets.Our results demonstrate that markedly different solutions emerge when targeting a representative sample of each feature. We show that using these targets is important for features that have multimodal distributions in the process‐related attributes (e.g. species with multimodal niches). We also found that solutions could conserve a far more representative sample with only a slight increase in reserve system size.Theraptr Rpackage provides a toolkit for making prioritizations that secure an adequate and representative sample of variation within each feature. By using solutions that secure a representative sample of each feature, prioritizations may have a greater chance of achieving long‐term biodiversity persistence.
Evaluation of a lateral flow immunoassay for field identification of Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Australia
Authors: Valles Steven M , Wylie Ross , Burwell Chris J , McNaught Melinda K , Horlock Christine 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn an effort to improve surveillance capacity for the exotic red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, a lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) was recently evaluated by Biosecurity Queensland staff in Australia. The purpose of the research was to assess the ability of the fire ant LFA to discriminate S. invicta from ants found in Australia and to conduct the first field evaluation of the test. In addition to S. invicta, 36 species of ants, collected mainly from Queensland, were evaluated by the LFA, including species from the Dolichoderinae (n = 7), Formicinae (n = 13), Myrmeciinae (n = 1), Myrmicinae (n = 11), Ponerinae (n = 3) and Pseudomyrmicinae (n = 1) subfamilies. The fire ant LFA test correctly identified S. invicta in every instance. No cross reactivity was observed in the other ant species. Field tests by staff previously unfamiliar with the test resulted in suggestions for improving ant collection and manipulation. The fire ant LFA appears to be suitable for use in Australia for rapid confirmation of potential new detections of S. invicta.
The Variation of Statin Use Among Nursing Home Residents and Physicians: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis
Authors: Campitelli Michael A. , Maxwell Colleen J. , Giannakeas Vasily , Bell Chaim M. , Daneman Nick , Jeffs Lianne , Morris Andrew M. , Austin Peter C. , Hogan David B. , Ko Dennis T. , Lapane Kate L. , Maclagan Laura C. , Seitz Dallas P. , Bronskill Susan E. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesTo examine the variability of statin use among nursing home residents and prescribing physicians, and to assess statin use by resident frailty.DesignPopulation‐based, cross‐sectional analysis.SettingAll nursing home facilities (N = 631) in Ontario, Canada between April 1, 2013 and March 31, 2014.ParticipantsAll adults aged 66 years and older who received a full clinical assessment while residing in a nursing home facility and their assigned, most responsible, physician.MeasurementsStatin use on date of clinical assessment. Resident‐ and physician‐level characteristics ascertained through clinical assessment and health administrative data. Resident frailty was derived using a previously validated index.ResultsAmong 76,226 nursing home residents assigned to 1,919 physicians, 25,648 (33.6%) were statin users. There were 13,331 (30.1%) statin users among the 44,290 residents categorized as frail. In an adjusted mixed‐effects logistic regression model, frail residents (adjusted odds ratio = 0.62, 95% confidence interval 0.58–0.65) were significantly less likely to be statin users compared with non‐frail residents. After adjustment for resident characteristics, the intraclass correlation coefficient indicated that between‐physician variability accounted for 9.1% of the residual unexplained variation in statin use (P < .001). Among the 894 physicians assigned 20 or more residents, funnel plots confirmed there were more low‐outlying (17.4%) and high‐outlying (12.0%) prescribers of statins than expected by chance. Physicians who were high‐outlying prescribers had higher historical rates of statin prescribing.Conclusions and RelevanceStatin prescribing was substantial within nursing homes, even among frail residents. After controlling for resident characteristics, the likelihood of statin prescribing varied significantly across physicians. Further studies are required to evaluate the risks and benefits of statin use, and discontinuation, among nursing home residents to better inform clinical practice in this setting.
Modulation of the eyeblink and cardiac startle reflexes by genuine eye contact
Authors: Chen Tingji , Peltola Mikko J. , Dunn Richard , Pajunen Sanna M. , Hietanen Jari K. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIs another person's direct gaze an inherently positive or negative stimulus? The present study employed the startle reflex methodology to investigate individuals’ automatic reactions to another person's direct and averted gaze. In the study, participants’ eyeblink startle and cardiac reflexes elicited by a high‐intensity acoustic noise stimulus were measured in the context of viewing a live model's direct and downward gaze. Both the eyeblink electromyographic and electrocardiographic data revealed that the startle reflex was modulated by gaze direction. Direct gaze attenuated the eyeblink startle and cardiac reflexes to the acoustic probes compared to those elicited in the context of a downward gaze. These results indicate that the defense reflex is weaker when presented in the context of direct versus downward gaze, and thus suggest that another individual's direct gaze, compared to averted gaze, automatically elicits more positive affective responses in the viewer.
The parameterisation of Number
Authors: Hicks Christopher 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe interpretation and marking of number greatly varies crosslinguistically. This paper examines the connections between the marking and interpretation of number for count nouns, based on evidence found in a range of languages. I argue that a consistent number interpretation depends on the presence of the grammatical feature Number, hosted on a functional Num head (as proposed by Ritter (1991)). If the Number feature and the Num head are present in the extended projection of the noun, then the denotation of that noun will be restricted accordingly in terms of number. I also argue that number marking results from a property of the Number feature, such that a language that marks number through an affix on the noun will have raising of N to the Num head and languages without such marking will be able to value the Number feature of the noun in situ. This leads to the proposal that the Number feature is the locus of parametric variation in the number system and predicts a new typology of number marking which accounts for languages that mark plural only, languages that also mark singular, languages that maintain a general number interpretation, and canonical classifier languages.
Cover Image, Volume 15, Issue 3
Authors: Gray M. E. , Lee S. , McDowell A. L. , Erskine M. , Loh Q. T. M. , Grice O. , Argyle D. J. , Bergkvist G. T. 
Published: August 2017

The cover image, by M. E. Gray et al., is based on the Original Article Dual targeting of EGFR and ERBB2 pathways produces a synergistic effect on cancer cell proliferation and migration in vitro, DOI: 10.1111/vco.12230.
image
On the de Rham homology and cohomology of a complete local ring in equicharacteristic zero
Authors: Switala Nicholas 
Published: August 2017

Let $A$ be a complete local ring with a coefficient field $k$ of characteristic zero, and let $Y$ be its spectrum. The de Rham homology and cohomology of $Y$ have been defined by R. Hartshorne using a choice of surjection $R\rightarrow A$ where $R$ is a complete regular local $k$-algebra: the resulting objects are independent of the chosen surjection. We prove that the Hodge–de Rham spectral sequences abutting to the de Rham homology and cohomology of $Y$, beginning with their $E_{2}$-terms, are independent of the chosen surjection (up to a degree shift in the homology case) and consist of finite-dimensional $k$-spaces. These $E_{2}$-terms therefore provide invariants of $A$ analogous to the Lyubeznik numbers. As part of our proofs we develop a theory of Matlis duality in relation to ${\mathcal{D}}$-modules that is of independent interest. Some of the highlights of this theory are that if $R$ is a complete regular local ring containing $k$ and ${\mathcal{D}}={\mathcal{D}}(R,k)$ is the ring of $k$-linear differential operators on $R$, then the Matlis dual $D(M)$ of any left ${\mathcal{D}}$-module $M$ can again be given a structure of left ${\mathcal{D}}$-module, and if $M$ is a holonomic ${\mathcal{D}}$-module, then the de Rham cohomology spaces of $D(M)$ are $k$-dual to those of $M$.
Cellobiose Consumption Uncouples Extracellular Glucose Sensing and Glucose Metabolism in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Chomvong Kulika , Benjamin Daniel I. , Nomura Daniel K. , Cate Jamie H. D. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Glycolysis is central to energy metabolism in most organisms and is highly regulated to enable optimal growth. In the yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
, feedback mechanisms that control flux through glycolysis span transcriptional control to metabolite levels in the cell. Using a cellobiose consumption pathway, we decoupled glucose sensing from carbon utilization, revealing new modular layers of control that induce ATP consumption to drive rapid carbon fermentation. Alterations of the beta subunit of phosphofructokinase-1 (
PFK2
), H
+
-plasma membrane ATPase (
PMA1
), and glucose sensors (
SNF3
and
RGT2
) revealed the importance of coupling extracellular glucose sensing to manage ATP levels in the cell. Controlling the upper bound of cellular ATP levels may be a general mechanism used to regulate energy levels in cells, via a regulatory network that can be uncoupled from ATP concentrations under perceived starvation conditions.

IMPORTANCE
Living cells are fine-tuned through evolution to thrive in their native environments. Genome alterations to create organisms for specific biotechnological applications may result in unexpected and undesired phenotypes. We used a minimal synthetic biological system in the yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
as a platform to reveal novel connections between carbon sensing, starvation conditions, and energy homeostasis.
Ventilator respiratory graphic diagnosis of hiccupping in non-ketotic hyperglycinaemia
Authors: Panayiotou Eliana , Spike Kelly , Morley Colin , Belteki Gusztav 
Published: August 2017

A neonate presented with early encephalopathy deteriorated and was intubated and ventilated. Ventilator data were monitored and recorded at 100 Hz for 24 hours.The infant had many sudden deep inspirations during this time which were initially thought to be seizures. These were characterised by short, rapid, large inspirations when the airway pressure was reduced well below the positive end expiratory pressure level. Analysis of the ventilator data showed that these were hiccupping episodes misinterpreted by the ventilator as spontaneous breaths and triggering ventilator inflations. The expired tidal volumes during the hiccupping episodes were more than double the set 4.5 mL/kg. During these episodes, there was no change in the level of consciousness or in the amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram signal. Detailed respiratory recording of pathological hiccups has not been reported.Metabolic screening diagnosed non-ketotic hyperglycinaemia. Hiccups commonly occur in this condition and should not be misinterpreted as seizures, spontaneous breaths or gasps.
Clinical profiles, comorbidities and complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients from United Arab Emirates
Authors: Jelinek Herbert F , Osman Wael M , Khandoker Ahsan H , Khalaf Kinda , Lee Sungmun , Almahmeed Wael , Alsafar Habiba S 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveTo assess clinical profiles of patients with type 2 diabetes in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), including patterns, frequencies, and risk factors of microvascular and macrovascular complications.Research design and methodsFour hundred and ninety patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled from two major hospitals in Abu Dhabi. The presence of microvascular and macrovascular complications was assessed using logistic regression, and demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected. Significance was set at p<0.05.ResultsHypertension (83.40%), obesity (90.49%) and dyslipidemia (93.43%) were common type 2 diabetes comorbidities. Most of the patients had relatively poor glycemic control and presented with multiple complications (83.47% of patients had one or more complication), with frequent renal involvement. The most frequent complication was retinopathy (13.26%). However, the pattern of complications varied based on age, where in patients <65 years, a single pattern presented, usually retinopathy, while multiple complications was typically seen in patients >65 years old. Low estimated glomerular filtration rate in combination with disease duration was the most significant risk factor in the development of a diabetic-associated complication especially for coronary artery disease, whereas age, lipid values and waist circumference were significantly associated with the development of diabetic retinopathy.ConclusionsPatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the UAE frequently present with comorbidities and complications. Renal disease was found to be the most common comorbidity, while retinopathy was noted as the most common diabetic complication. This emphasizes the need for screening and prevention program toward early, asymptomatic identification of comorbidities and commence treatment, especially for longer disease duration.
Model of rhythmic ball bouncing using a visually controlled neural oscillator
Authors: Avrin Guillaume , Siegler Isabelle A. , Makarov Maria , Rodriguez-Ayerbe Pedro 
Published: August 2017

The present paper investigates the sensory-driven modulations of central pattern generator dynamics that can be expected to reproduce human behavior during rhythmic hybrid tasks. We propose a theoretical model of human sensorimotor behavior able to account for the observed data from the ball-bouncing task. The novel control architecture is composed of a Matsuoka neural oscillator coupled with the environment through visual sensory feedback. The architecture’s ability to reproduce human-like performance during the ball-bouncing task in the presence of perturbations is quantified by comparison of simulated and recorded trials. The results suggest that human visual control of the task is achieved online. The adaptive behavior is made possible by a parametric and state control of the limit cycle emerging from the interaction of the rhythmic pattern generator, the musculoskeletal system, and the environment. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The study demonstrates that a behavioral model based on a neural oscillator controlled by visual information is able to accurately reproduce human modulations in a motor action with respect to sensory information during the rhythmic ball-bouncing task. The model attractor dynamics emerging from the interaction between the neuromusculoskeletal system and the environment met task requirements, environmental constraints, and human behavioral choices without relying on movement planning and explicit internal models of the environment.