bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebrospinal fluid macrophage biomarkers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Thompson Alexander G. , Gray Elizabeth , Thézénas Marie‐Laëtitia , Charles Philip D. , Evetts Samuel , Hu Michele T. , Talbot Kevin , Fischer Roman , Kessler Benedikt M. , Turner Martin R. 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveThe neurodegenerative disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome involving multiple molecular pathways. The development of biomarkers for use in therapeutic trials is a priority. We sought to use a high‐throughput proteomic method to identify novel biomarkers in individual cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples.MethodsLiquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry with label‐free quantification was used to identify CSF proteins using samples from a well‐characterized longitudinal cohort comprising patients with ALS (n = 43), the upper motor neuron variant, primary lateral sclerosis (PLS; n = 6), and cross‐sectional healthy (n = 20) and disease controls (Parkinsons' disease, n = 20; ALS mimic disorders, n = 12).ResultsThree macrophage‐derived chitinases showed increased abundance in ALS: chitotriosidase (CHIT1), chitinase‐3‐like protein 1 (CHI3L1), and chitinase‐3‐like protein 2 (CHI3L2). Elevated CHI3L1 was common to ALS and PLS, whereas CHIT1 and CHI3L2 levels differed. Chitinase levels correlated with disease progression rate (CHIT1, r = 0.56, p < 0.001; CHI3L1, r = 0.31; p = 0.028; CHI3L2, r = 0.29, p = 0.044). CHIT1, CHI3L1, and CHI3L2 levels correlated with phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain (pNFH; r = 0.62, p < 0.001; r = 0.49, p < 0.001; r = 0.41, p < 0.001). CHI3L1 levels, but not CHIT1 or CHI3L2, increased over time in those with low initial levels (gradient = 0.005 log abundance units/month, p = 0.001). High CHIT1 was associated with shortened survival (hazard ratio [HR] 2.84; p = 0.009). Inclusion of pNFH in survival models left only an association of pNFH and survival (HR 1.26; p = 0.019).InterpretationNeuroinflammatory mechanisms have been consistently implicated through various experimental paradigms. These results support a key role for macrophage activity in ALS pathogenesis, offering novel target engagement and pharmacodynamic biomarkers for neuroinflammation‐focused ALS therapy. Ann Neurol 2018;83:258–268
Terminal spreading depolarization and electrical silence in death of human cerebral cortex
Authors: Dreier Jens P. , Major Sebastian , Foreman Brandon , Winkler Maren K. L. , Kang Eun‐Jeung , Milakara Denny , Lemale Coline L. , DiNapoli Vince , Hinzman Jason M. , Woitzik Johannes , Andaluz Norberto , Carlson Andrew , Hartings Jed A. 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveRestoring the circulation is the primary goal in emergency treatment of cerebral ischemia. However, better understanding of how the brain responds to energy depletion could help predict the time available for resuscitation until irreversible damage and advance development of interventions that prolong this span. Experimentally, injury to central neurons begins only with anoxic depolarization. This potentially reversible, spreading wave typically starts 2 to 5 minutes after the onset of severe ischemia, marking the onset of a toxic intraneuronal change that eventually results in irreversible injury.MethodsTo investigate this in the human brain, we performed recordings with either subdural electrode strips (n = 4) or intraparenchymal electrode arrays (n = 5) in patients with devastating brain injury that resulted in activation of a Do Not Resuscitate–Comfort Care order followed by terminal extubation.ResultsWithdrawal of life‐sustaining therapies produced a decline in brain tissue partial pressure of oxygen (ptiO2) and circulatory arrest. Silencing of spontaneous electrical activity developed simultaneously across regional electrode arrays in 8 patients. This silencing, termed “nonspreading depression,” developed during the steep falling phase of ptiO2(intraparenchymal sensor, n = 6) at 11 (interquartile range [IQR] = 7–14) mmHg. Terminal spreading depolarizations started to propagate between electrodes 3.9 (IQR = 2.6–6.3) minutes after onset of the final drop in perfusion and 13 to 266 seconds after nonspreading depression. In 1 patient, terminal spreading depolarization induced the initial electrocerebral silence in a spreading depression pattern; circulatory arrest developed thereafter.InterpretationThese results provide fundamental insight into the neurobiology of dying and have important implications for survivable cerebral ischemic insults. Ann Neurol 2018;83:295–310
Improved mechanical and antibacterial properties of thermoplastic polyurethanes by efficient double functionalization of silver nanoparticles
Authors: Ramirez Daniel , Jaramillo Franklin 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTWhen making nanocomposites, there is a big challenge to obtain both functional and mechanical enhancement. In this study, a new in situ polymerization methodology for the incorporation of surface modified silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in a thermoplastic polyurethane matrix was developed. AgNPs with contents ranging from 0 to 1.5 wt % were used. A double functionalization of the nanoparticles with oleic acid was performed, which lead to a reaction of carboxylic acid groups in the nanoparticle's surface with isocyanate groups of the 4,4′‐methylene diphenyl diisocyanate monomer as corroborated from the Raman results. The successful incorporation of the nanoparticles was verified with EDS, TGA, and Raman measurements. Thermal properties of nanocomposites were investigated by DSC. AgNPs made positive impact in two ways: first, increased more than twice the elastic modulus, as studied via nanoindentation measurements and second, based on the inhibition zone method, great bactericidal effectiveness for nanocomposites containing 1.5 wt % AgNPs was observed for Escherichia coli. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46180.
Structural and physicochemical studies of hydration of crosslinked TBA polyacrylates with different substitution degrees of H+ ions with TBA+ ions
Authors: Terekhova Irina S. , Manakov Andrey Yu. , Villevald Galina V. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTX‐ray powder diffraction studies and physicochemical studies have been carried out of the hydrate phases formed in binary water systems with crosslinked tetrabutylammonium (TBA) polyacrylates (n = 1%) in mixed [x(C4H9)4N + (100−x)H] form with low degrees of substitution of proton ions of the carboxylic groups in poly(acrylic acid) for TBA cations x = 40%, 30%, and 20%. As was shown by structural studies, the clathrate hydrate is formed in the water system with the polyacrylate in the mixed form with x = 40%. The structure is analogous to that of earlier studied hydrates formed by crosslinked polyacrylates in mixed [x(C4H9)4N + (100−x)H] form with higher values of x = ∼100%, 80%, and 60% and can be related to the tetragonal structure I, characteristic of the ionic clathrate hydrates of TBA salts with monomeric anions. Decomposition temperature and fusion enthalpy of the studied hydrate were determined using differential thermal analysis and calorimetric methods. It was revealed that the further decrease of x led to the destruction of clathrate hydrate framework. According to the results of X‐ray powder diffraction research, the phase of ice is crystallized instead of the hydrate phase in water systems with the polyacrylates with x = 30% and 20%. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46209.
Sensitivity to audio‐visual synchrony and its relation to language abilities in children with and without ASD
Authors: Righi Giulia , Tenenbaum Elena J. , McCormick Carolyn , Blossom Megan , Amso Dima , Sheinkopf Stephen J. 
Published: January 2018

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is often accompanied by deficits in speech and language processing. Speech processing relies heavily on the integration of auditory and visual information, and it has been suggested that the ability to detect correspondence between auditory and visual signals helps to lay the foundation for successful language development. The goal of the present study was to examine whether young children with ASD show reduced sensitivity to temporal asynchronies in a speech processing task when compared to typically developing controls, and to examine how this sensitivity might relate to language proficiency. Using automated eye tracking methods, we found that children with ASD failed to demonstrate sensitivity to asynchronies of 0.3s, 0.6s, or 1.0s between a video of a woman speaking and the corresponding audio track. In contrast, typically developing children who were language‐matched to the ASD group, were sensitive to both 0.6s and 1.0s asynchronies. We also demonstrated that individual differences in sensitivity to audiovisual asynchronies and individual differences in orientation to relevant facial features were both correlated with scores on a standardized measure of language abilities. Results are discussed in the context of attention to visual language and audio‐visual processing as potential precursors to language impairment in ASD. Autism Res 2018, 11: 645–653. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummarySpeech processing relies heavily on the integration of auditory and visual information, and it has been suggested that the ability to detect correspondence between auditory and visual signals helps to lay the foundation for successful language development. The goal of the present study was to explore whether children with ASD process audio‐visual synchrony in ways comparable to their typically developing peers, and the relationship between preference for synchrony and language ability. Results showed that there are differences in attention to audiovisual synchrony between typically developing children and children with ASD. Preference for synchrony was related to the language abilities of children across groups.
Cover Image, Volume 12, Issue 1
Authors: Valdez‐Vazquez Idania , Sanchez Arturo 
Published: January 2018

The cover image, by Idania Valdez‐Vazquez and Arturo Sanchez, is based on the Modeling and Analysis Proposal for biorefineries based on mixed cultures for lignocellulosic biofuel production: a techno‐economic analysis, DOI: 10.1002/bbb.1828. Photo Credit: Idania Valdez‐Vazquez.
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Telmisartan ameliorates vascular endothelial dysfunction in coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP)
Authors: Jin Zhe , Tan Qindong , Sun Bei 
Published: January 2018

Coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP) is a coronary microvascular disorder with an increasing morbidity, and currently, available therapies are of limited clinical value for its cure. Hence, it is urgent to find a novel approach to CSFP treatment. Several studies show that endothelial dysfunction plays a critical role in the aetiology of CSFP. Telmisartan (TMST) is a clinically available anti‐hypertensive medicine and has shown its potential properties for improving vascular endothelial function. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effect of TMST on endothelial dysfunction in CSFP, Endothelial‐dependent flow‐mediated vasodilation, serum levels of nitric oxide, adiponectin, and endothelin‐1 were surveyed before and after 3 months of TMST treatment. And the percentages of vasodilator response to acetylcholine (Ach) were detected after 12 weeks of TMST treatment. Compare with pretreatment, flow‐mediated vasodilation, nitric oxide, and adiponectin were substantially improved after TMST treatment; meanwhile, endothelin‐1 was decreased in the TMST group (all P < .01). Compared with the model group, the vasodilator response to Ach was enormously increased after TMST intervention. Additionally, administration of SU11274 or GW9662 would partially reverse the protective effects of TMST on accumulative concentration‐vasodilator responses to Ach (P < .01). We demonstrated that administration of TMST could remarkably increase the mRNA and/or protein levels of hepatocyte growth factor, mesenchymal‐epithelial transition factor, peroxisome proliferation‐activated receptor γ, whereas dramatically diminish mRNA and/or protein levels of p‐JNK1/2, mitogen‐activated protein kinase, and nuclear factor kappa B (P < .05). Our results thus implicate that TMST ameliorates endothelial dysfunction in CSFP. It is suggested that TSMF may play an important role in the medication of CSFP.
Good enough…isn't
Authors: Auberson Denise , Gray William 
Published: January 2018

Key Points

Mild PVR has been shown to increase all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality after TAVR, especially in high surgical risk patients.
Mechanistic and associative causes, as well imprecise ascertainment have been suggested as underlying etiologies of this association.
Ongoing trials with newer valve technologies, broader patient inclusion and more systematic assessment of PVR may provide further insight into the prevalence, causality, and outcome of PVR.
Moving beyond Seldinger, a vascular access and closure smorgasbord, “safe zone” or not
Authors: Turi Zoltan G. 
Published: January 2018

Key Points

This paper describes a quality improvement initiative featuring the adoption of multiple access and closure techniques to assess “real world” outcomes.
Although the study does not provide a scientific evidence base, it does highlight the changing platforms being adopted.
Radial, micropuncture, and image guided access will hopefully become near universal in the coming decade.
Mechanism of Carbon Monoxide Dissociation on a Cobalt Fischer–Tropsch Catalyst
Authors: Chen Wei , Zijlstra Bart , Filot Ivo A. W. , Pestman Robert , Hensen Emiel J. M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe front cover artwork for issue 1/2018 is provided by the Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Chemistry at Eindhoven University of Technology in The Netherlands. The image refers to the complex mechanism underlying the dissociation of CO on a cobalt nanoparticle, a reaction pivotal to Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. The authors used isotopic scrambling and in situ infrared spectroscopy to shed new light on this old issue. See the Communication itself at https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201701203.
Generating retinoic acid gradients by local degradation during craniofacial development: One cell's cue is another cell's poison
Authors: Dubey Aditi , Rose Rebecca E. , Jones Drew R. , Saint‐Jeannet Jean‐Pierre 
Published: January 2018

SummaryRetinoic acid (RA) is a vital morphogen for early patterning and organogenesis in the developing embryo. RA is a diffusible, lipophilic molecule that signals via nuclear RA receptor heterodimeric units that regulate gene expression by interacting with RA response elements in promoters of a significant number of genes. For precise RA signaling, a robust gradient of the morphogen is required. The developing embryo contains regions that produce RA, and specific intracellular concentrations of RA are created through local degradation mediated by Cyp26 enzymes. In order to elucidate the mechanisms by which RA executes precise developmental programs, the kinetics of RA metabolism must be clearly understood. Recent advances in techniques for endogenous RA detection and quantification have paved the way for mechanistic studies to shed light on downstream gene expression regulation coordinated by RA. It is increasingly coming to light that RA signaling operates not only at precise concentrations but also employs mechanisms of degradation and feedback inhibition to self‐regulate its levels. A global gradient of RA throughout the embryo is often found concurrently with several local gradients, created by juxtaposed domains of RA synthesis and degradation. The existence of such local gradients has been found especially critical for the proper development of craniofacial structures that arise from the neural crest and the cranial placode populations. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of how local gradients of RA are established in the embryo and their impact on craniofacial development.
An examination of the clinical outcomes of adolescents and young adults with broad autism spectrum traits and autism spectrum disorder and anorexia nervosa: A multi centre study
Authors: Nazar Bruno Palazzo , Peynenburg Vanessa , Rhind Charlotte , Hibbs Rebecca , Schmidt Ulrike , Gowers Simon , Macdonald Pamela , Goddard Elizabeth , Todd Gillian , Micali Nadia , Treasure Janet 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the clinical outcomes of adolescents and young adults with anorexia nervosa (AN) comorbid with broad autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or ASD traits.MethodThe developmental and well‐being assessment and social aptitude scale were used to categorize adolescents and young adults with AN (N = 149) into those with ASD traits (N = 23), and those who also fulfilled diagnostic criteria for a possible/probable ASD (N = 6). We compared both eating disorders specific measures and broader outcome measures at intake and 12 months follow‐up.ResultsThose with ASD traits had significantly more inpatient/day‐patient service use (p = .015), as well as medication use (p < .001) at baseline. Both groups had high social difficulties and poorer global functioning (strengths and difficulties questionnaire) at baseline, which improved over time but remained higher at 12 months in the ASD traits group (p = .002). However, the improvement in eating disorder symptoms at 12 months was similar between groups with or without ASD traits. Treatment completion rates between AN only and ASD traits were similar (80.1 vs. 86.5%).DiscussionAdolescents with AN and ASD traits show similar reductions in their eating disorder symptoms. Nevertheless, their social difficulties remain high suggesting that these are life‐long difficulties rather than starvation effects.
Provisional methods to guide species‐specific seed transfer in ecological restoration
Authors: Crow Taylor M. , Albeke Shannon E. , Buerkle C. Alex , Hufford Kristina M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTransferring plant material during ecological restoration has inherent risk. The use of seed transfer guidelines minimizes the possibility of introducing maladapted genotypes. We delineated biogeographic regions relevant to the distribution of Cercocarpus montanus for the purpose of creating provisional seed transfer zones for ecological restoration. We also modeled seed transfer guidelines using quantitative estimates of environmental tolerance and thresholds. Analyses identified broadscale environmental patterns relevant for seed transfer success. First, a species distribution model was used to identify the distribution of C. montanus. Next, we used non‐metric multidimensional scaling to investigate the structure of environmental data, and hierarchical cluster analysis to delineate biogeographic regions (i.e., environmental discontinuities) using species distribution data. Finally, we calculated measures of environmental tolerance and thresholds for C. montanus to model the probability of seed transfer success with multiple logistic regression. Biogeographic regionalization of C. montanus resulted in four major clusters, which agreed with ordination methods. Logistic regression was implemented using estimates of environmental tolerance and threshold data to model seed transfer success. We compared our species‐specific seed transfer zones and guidelines with other provisional seed transfer zone methods and found that our species‐specific methods performed better at explaining phenotypic variation of C. montanus in four out of six cases. Seed transfer zones are useful for restoration planning; however, zonal models fail to reflect much of the environmental heterogeneity present across the range of C. montanus. Continuous models for seed transfer success using environmental tolerance and thresholds enhance the development and use of seed transfer guidelines because they reflect landscape heterogeneity at a fine scale, and the results are relative to restoration sites of interest. Herein, we describe a methodology to construct provisional seed transfer zones and continuous seed transfer guidelines using species‐specific distribution models and multivariate analyses.
Livestock and the functional habitat of vicuñas in Ecuador: a new puzzle
Authors: McLaren Brian E. , MacNearney Douglas , Siavichay Carlos A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWhether interactions between wildlife and livestock are competitive or facilitative is context dependent. Intermediary factors that explain how context (seasonal or regional characteristics of the ecological community) affects these interactions are rarely reported. We compared activity time and density in vicuñas (Vicugna vicugna) introduced into the Chimborazo Faunal Production Reserve (CFPR), Ecuador, to describe how they interact with livestock. We compared vicuña density in wetlands and uplands (two landscape structures) with and without livestock (two conditions) using an isodar approach. We measured, over two seasons, vicuña forage abundance, composition, preference and accessibility, time vicuñas spent vigilant, and their flight distances on approach. We tested optimal foraging theory relating to the hypothesis that time mediates behavior, and found that vicuñas were no less frequently vigilant, nor were flight distances greater, during a wet season or in habitats of greater forage abundance and accessibility. We also found no evidence that vicuña behavior was density dependent; instead, we found that more time was spent vigilant by vicuñas when they foraged near livestock in rainy regions during the dry season. Although forage abundance was similar throughout CFPR during a dry season, better forage quality in areas occupied by livestock may constitute an effect of their facilitating vicuñas. A puzzling finding, because it was not explained by any of the other variables we measured, was that at low densities vicuñas selected habitat irrespective of livestock, and where their density was higher, it was doubly so adjacent to livestock. We conclude that in the CFPR, spatial heterogeneity in habitat quality determines the interactions between livestock and vicuñas. To support recommendations that minimize competition between wildlife and livestock, and to expand on descriptions of the contexts that determine the direction of species interactions, future study may require a wider sampling of the densities of sympatric large herbivores in general, and, in the CFPR, a closer resolution of spatial heterogeneity in forage plant quality.