bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Determination of Salivary N‐Acetylneuraminic Acid by Miniaturized Capillary Electrophoresis Coupled with Sample Stacking
Authors: Zheng Yiliang , Wang Tingting , Kong Jiaxing , Ma Yaolu , Heng Yi , Ren Yujuan , Ye Jiannong , Chu Qingcui 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDue to their important biological role as markers for different pathologies, sialic acid (SA) analyses are important for clinical research. In this work, a miniaturized capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection (mini‐CE‐AD) was developed for the determination of N‐acetylneuraminic acid (NANA), which is the most widespread form of SAs. NANA was first oxidized by periodic acid in an acidic solution, and then the oxidation product β‐formyl pyruvic acid was derivatized with electroactive 2‐thiobarbituric acid (TBA) to form an electroactive NANA‐TBA adduct, which could be readily determined by mini‐CE‐AD. The limit of detection (LOD) of NANA‐TBA could achieve 0.50 µg/mL (1.6 µmol·L−1, S/N=3) based on an online enrichment approach of moving chemical reaction boundary. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of NANA in human saliva, and the recoveries were in the range of 91.8% –109% with RSDs of 1.8% –3.9%. Due to its simple design and construction, low cost and portability, the mini‐CE‐AD device will possess more practicability in more field work as an alternative to conventional and microchip CE approaches.
Functional Polypyridine Co Complex as an Efficient Catalyst for Photo‐Induced Water Oxidation
Authors: Wang Hongyan , Xin Zhijuan , Xiang Ruijuan , Liu Si , Gao Xuewang , Li Chengbo 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA novel mononuclear cobalt complex 1 was synthesized by treatment of CoCl2·6H2O with a COOMe functionalized TPA ligand (TPA=tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine). In a basic borate buffer, 1 acts as an efficient catalyst for water oxidation, which is confirmed by an extinct catalytic oxidant wave in electrochemistry. Visible light‐driven water oxidation has been achieved by 1 with a TON of 127.7 and a TOF of 3.8 s−1 respectively in a homogeneous system. In comparison to the reference RC with naked TPA, the higher efficiency of 1 evidences COOMe on ligand can improve the catalytic efficiency, leading to an effective pathway towards construction of a robust and stable artificial photosynthesis system.
Frequency, predictors, and outcomes of urine drug testing among patients with advanced cancer on chronic opioid therapy at an outpatient supportive care clinic
Authors: Arthur Joseph A. , Edwards Tonya , Lu Zhanni , Reddy Suresh , Hui David , Wu Jimin , Liu Diane , Williams Janet L. , Bruera Eduardo 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUNDData are limited on the use and outcomes of urine drug tests (UDTs) among patients with advanced cancer. The main objective of this study was to determine the factors associated with UDT ordering and results in outpatients with advanced cancer.METHODSA retrospective chart review was conducted of 1058 patients who attended an outpatient supportive care clinic from March 2014 to November 2015. Sixty‐one patients who were receiving chronic opioid therapy and underwent UDTs were identified. A control group of 120 patients who did not undergo UDTs was selected for comparison.RESULTSSixty‐one of 1058 patients (6%) underwent UDTs, and 33 of 61 patients (54%) had abnormal results. Multivariate analysis indicated that the odds ratio for UDT ordering was 3.9 in patients who had positive Cut Down, Annoyed, Guilty, and Eye Opener (CAGE) questionnaire results (P = .002), 4.41 in patients aged < 45 years (P < .001), 5.58 in patients who had moderate‐to‐severe pain (Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale pain scores ≥4; P < .001), 0.27 in patients with advanced‐stage cancer, (P = .008), and 0.25 in patients who had moderate‐to‐severe fatigue (P = .001). Among 52 abnormal UDT results in 33 patients, the most common opioid findings were prescribed opioids absent in urine (14 of 52 tests; 27%) and unprescribed opioids in urine (13 of 52 tests; 25%).CONCLUSIONSUDTs were used infrequently among outpatients with advanced cancer who were receiving chronic opioid therapy. Younger age, positive CAGE questionnaire results, early stage cancer or no evidence of disease status, higher pain intensity, and lower fatigue scores were significant predictors of UDT ordering. More than 50% of UDT results were abnormal. More research is necessary to better characterize aberrant opioid use in patients with advanced cancer. Cancer 2016;122:3732‐9. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Variability in the number of abdominal leucokinergic neurons in adult Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Alvarez‐Rivero Javier , Moris‐Sanz Marta , Estacio‐Gómez Alicia , Montoliu‐Nerin Merce , Díaz‐Benjumea Fernando J. , Herrero Pilar 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTDevelopmental plasticity allows individuals with the same genotype to show different phenotypes in response to environmental changes. An example of this is how neuronal diversity is protected at the expense of neuronal number under sustained undernourishment during the development of the Drosophila optic lobe. In the development of the Drosophila central nervous system, neuroblasts go through two phases of neurogenesis separated by a period of mitotic quiescence. Although during embryonic development much evidence indicates that both cell number and the cell fates generated by each neuroblast are very precisely controlled in a cell autonomous manner, after quiescence extrinsic factors control the reactivation of neuroblast proliferation in a fashion that has not yet been elucidated. Moreover, there is very little information about whether environmental changes affect lineage progression during postembryonic neurogenesis. Using as a model system the pattern of abdominal leucokinergic neurons (ABLKs), we have analyzed how changes in a set of environmental factors affect the number of ABLKs generated during postembryonic neurogenesis. We describe the variability in ABLK number between individuals and between hemiganglia of the same individual and, by genetic analysis, we identify the bithorax‐complex genes and the ecdysone hormone as critical factors in these differences. We also explore the possible adaptive roles involved in this process. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:639–660, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Human behavior in a staircase during a total evacuation drill in a high‐rise building
Authors: Sano Tomonori , Yajima Masanori , Kadokura Hiroyuki , Sekizawa Ai 
Published: August 2016

SummaryMany studies have been conducted on the evacuation behavior on the staircases of buildings, but very little data are available for a situation with many occupants in a crowded high‐rise building. Therefore, this study investigated the evacuation behavior of a large number of evacuees on the staircase of a 25‐story high‐rise building. A total evacuation drill was conducted with 2088 evacuees, and the behavior of 1136 evacuees on the landings of the south staircase was recorded by a video recorder on the ceiling. The relationship between the density and speed of the evacuees on the landings was analyzed from the evacuation data for two situations: without and with merging in the stair flow. The evacuation stair flow in this drill had merging occupants entering from the floors, but no one entered from the lower floors during the latter period of the drill. Therefore, the flow during the latter period was treated as non‐merging flow, for which it was observed that, when the staircase was fully crowded, the density on the landings in the moving situation was different from that in the stopped situation. Moreover, the density on the landings was different from that on the treads. Furthermore, in the merging flow, a merging ratio of approximately 50:50 occurred during the congested evacuation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combination of phosphotidylinositol‐3‐kinase targeting with cetuximab and irradiation: A preclinical study on an orthotopic xenograft model of head and neck cancer
Authors: Bozec Alexandre , Ebran Nathalie , Radosevic–Robin Nina , Chamorey Emmanuel , Yahia Hedi Ben , Marcie Serge , Gautier Mathieu , Penault–Llorca Frédérique , Milano Gérard 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combining the phosphotidylinositol‐3‐kinase (PI3K) inhibitor buparlisib (BKM)120 with the anti‐epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) agent cetuximab and radiotherapy (RT) on an orthotopic model of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).MethodsWe evaluated the antitumor efficacy of BKM120, cetuximab, and RT, administered alone or in combination, using the human PIK3CA‐mutated HNSCC cell line, CAL33, injected into the floor of the mouth of nude mice.ResultsCompared with control, the BKM120‐cetuximab and the BKM120‐cetuximab‐RT combinations led to the highest tumor inhibition (p < .001). The highest inhibitory effect of treatments on cell proliferation, mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and PI3K/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways were found with the BKM120‐cetuximab association. The association of BKM120 and cetuximab with RT inhibited RT‐induced activation of the MAPK pathway.ConclusionThese results can serve as a preclinical rationale for innovative treatments combining PI3K inhibition with anti‐EGFR therapies and irradiation in patients with HNSCC. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 151–159, 2017
Role of sonography in the diagnosis and treatment of a ganglion cyst compressing the lateral branch of deep peroneal nerve
Authors: Brestas Paraskevas , Protopsaltis Ioannis , Drossos Charalampos 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTSelective compression neuropathy of the lateral branch of the deep peroneal nerve is rare. A 55‐year‐old woman with ankle instability and mild weakness of extension of the toes was examined with sonography (US), which revealed the presence of a ganglion cyst compressing selectively the lateral branch of the deep peroneal nerve. US‐guided aspiration of the cyst resulted in nerve decompression and progressive resolution of symptoms. This case demonstrates the importance of examining the deep peroneal nerve and its branches when performing US in the clinical setting of ankle instability. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 45:108–111, 2017;
Sauropsids Cornification is Based on Corneous Beta‐Proteins, a Special Type of Keratin‐Associated Corneous Proteins of the Epidermis
Authors: ALIBARDI LORENZO 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThe evolution of the process of cornification in amniote epidermis from the general process of keratinization present in simple epithelia of anamniotes took place through the evolution of specialized intermediate filament (α) keratins, keratin‐associated proteins (KAPs) and corneous proteins (CPs). The scanty information on the three‐dimensional conformation of known KAPs and CPs indicate these proteins contain α‐helix, random coiled, or beta sheets with different lengths and organizations. CP genes originated in a chromosome locus indicated as epidermal differentiation complex (EDC), and transformed the epidermal keratinization of anamniotes into the cornified epidermis and skin appendages of amniotes (claws, beaks, and feathers). In particular, peculiar genes encoding for small proteins with a central region of 34 amino acids conformed as beta sheets were originated in the EDC of sauropsids (reptiles and birds). These proteins were traditionally indicated as beta‐keratins because they form filaments of 3–4 nm in diameter and show an X‐ray beta pattern. Different from other proteins of the EDC, dimers of these corneous beta‐proteins associate into long polymers of filamentous proteins utilized in sauropsids skin appendages, such as scales and feathers. Future challenges in this area of research will be the study on gene regulation and expression for these proteins, their origin and evolution in different lineages of sauropsids, and their role in determining the material properties of sauropsid scales and other skin appendages.
Urban–rural differences in near‐surface air temperature as resolved by the Central Europe Refined analysis (CER): sensitivity to planetary boundary layer schemes and urban canopy models
Authors: Jänicke Britta , Meier Fred , Fenner Daniel , Fehrenbach Ute , Holtmann Achim , Scherer Dieter 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTModel‐based studies on urban heat islands can be seriously affected by errors in near‐surface air temperature (T2), especially if errors differ between cities and their rural surroundings. Furthermore, errors in T2 strongly depend on selected parameterisation schemes, in particular on the planetary boundary layer (PBL) scheme and the urban canopy model (UCM). We developed the Central Europe Refined analysis (CER), a dataset generated by dynamically downscaling a global atmospheric reanalysis with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model for Central Europe (30 km), Germany (10 km), and the region of Berlin‐Brandenburg (2 km). CER data were analysed to study urban–rural and intra‐urban differences in T2 for Berlin as well as to test the sensitivity of T2 against two different PBL schemes, a mosaic approach, and three UCMs with different levels of complexity. Results were evaluated using data from 22 weather stations. All tested configurations simulated T2 with small deviations from observations. The PBL schemes predominantly control the deviation of T2. From the tested PBL schemes, the Bougeault–Lacarrére scheme performed better than the Mellor–Yamada–Janjić scheme. The application of different UCMs and the mosaic approach also influenced the deviations, but not as strongly as the PBL schemes. The performance of the UCMs regarding the representation of intra‐urban and urban–rural differences showed that differences were largest when using a complex multi‐layer UCM. Overall, the simplest model showed lowest deviations. We conclude that more research on UCMs is required because complex UCMs showed potentials but did not outperform the simple slab model.
Potential application of microalga Spirulina platensis as a protein source
Authors: Lupatini Anne Luize , Colla Luciane Maria , Canan Cristiane , Colla Eliane 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe high protein level of various microalgal species is one of the main reasons to consider them an unconventional source of this compound. Spirulina platensis stands out for being one of the richest protein sources of microbial origin (460–630 g kg−1, dry matter basis), having similar protein levels when compared to meat and soybeans. The use of S. platensis in food can bring benefits to human health owing to its chemical composition, since it has high levels of vitamins, minerals, phenolics, essential fatty acids, amino acids and pigments. Furthermore, the development of new protein sources to supply the shortage of this nutrient is an urgent need, and protein from S. platensis plays an important role in this scenario. In this sense, extraction processes that allow maximum protein yield and total utilization of biomass is an urgent need, and ultrasonic waves have proven to be an effective extraction technique. The number of scientific papers related to protein fraction from S. platensis is still limited; thus further studies on its functional and technological properties are needed. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Locating the electrical junctions in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 and Cu2ZnSnSe4 solar cells by scanning capacitance spectroscopy
Authors: Xiao Chuanxiao , Jiang Chun‐Sheng , Moutinho Helio , Levi Dean , Yan Yanfa , Gorman Brian , Al‐Jassim Mowafak 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe determined the electrical junction (EJ) locations in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) and Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTS) solar cells with ~20‐nm accuracy by developing scanning capacitance spectroscopy (SCS) applicable to the thin‐film devices. Cross‐sectional sample preparation for the SCS measurement was developed by high‐energy ion milling at room temperature for polishing the cross section to make it flat, followed by low‐energy ion milling at liquid nitrogen temperature for removing the damaged layer and subsequent annealing for growing a native oxide layer. The SCS shows distinct p‐type, transitional, and n‐type spectra across the devices, and the spectral features change rapidly with location in the depletion region, which results in determining the EJ with ~20‐nm resolution. We found an n‐type CIGS in the region next to the CIGS/CdS interface; thus, the cell is a homojunction. The EJ is ~40 nm from the interface on the CIGS side. In contrast, such an n‐type CZTS was not found in the CZTS/CdS cells. The EJ is ~20 nm from the CZTS/CdS interface, which is consistent with asymmetrical carrier concentrations of the p‐CZTS and n‐CdS in a heterojunction cell. Our results of unambiguously determination of the junction locations contribute significantly to understanding the large open‐circuit voltage difference between CIGS and CZTS. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intrinsic protein disorder could be overlooked in cocrystallization conditions: An SRCD case study
Authors: Németh Eszter , Balogh Ria K. , Borsos Katalin , Czene Anikó , Thulstrup Peter W. , Gyurcsik Béla 
Published: August 2016

AbstractX‐ray diffractometry dominates protein studies, as it can provide 3D structures of these diverse macromolecules or their molecular complexes with interacting partners: substrates, inhibitors, and/or cofactors. Here, we show that under cocrystallization conditions the results could reflect induced protein folds instead of the (partially) disordered original structures. The analysis of synchrotron radiation circular dichroism spectra revealed that the Im7 immunity protein stabilizes the native‐like solution structure of unfolded NColE7 nuclease mutants via complex formation. This is consistent with the fact that among the several available crystal structures with its inhibitor or substrate, all NColE7 structures are virtually the same. Our results draw attention to the possible structural consequence of protein modifications, which is often hidden by compensational effects of intermolecular interactions. The growing evidence on the importance of protein intrinsic disorder thus, demands more extensive complementary experiments in solution phase with the unligated form of the protein of interest.
Triply Halide‐Bridged Dinuclear Iridium(III) Complexes with Chiral Diphosphine Ligands as New Easy‐to‐Handle Iridium Catalysts for Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Imines and N‐Heteroaromatics
Authors: Mashima Kazushi , Higashida Kosuke , Iimuro Atsuhiro , Nagae Haruki , Kita Yusuke 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIridium(III) complexes bearing chiral ligands have proved to be active species in asymmetric hydrogenation of C=N bonds, though there are only a few iridium(III) precursors. We prepared triply halide‐bridged dinuclear iridium complexes bearing chiral diphosphine ligands by simple treatment of the iridium(I) precursor, chiral diphosphine, and aqueous hydrogen halide. The strong advantage of these dinuclear iridium complexes is that they are air and moisture stable, leading to easy handling in asymmetric synthesis. The dinuclear iridium complexes exhibited high catalytic activity toward asymmetric hydrogenation of imines and N‐heteroaromatics. Moreover, we demonstrated the application of triply halide‐bridged dinuclear ruthenium(II) and rhodium(III) catalyst precursors for the asymmetric hydrogenation of ketonic substrates and simple olefins, respectively.
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Optimal reaction coordinates
Authors: Banushkina Polina V. , Krivov Sergei V. 
Published: August 2016

The dynamic behavior of complex systems with many degrees of freedom is often analyzed by projection onto one or a few reaction coordinates. The dynamics is then described in a simple and intuitive way as diffusion on the associated free‐energy profile. In order to use such a picture for a quantitative description of the dynamics one needs to select the coordinate in an optimal way so as to minimize non‐Markovian effects due to the projection. For equilibrium dynamics between two boundary states (e.g., a reaction), the optimal coordinate is known as the committor or the pfold coordinate in protein folding studies. While the dynamics projected on the committor is not Markovian, many important quantities of the original multidimensional dynamics on an arbitrarily complex landscape can be computed exactly. In this study, we summarize the derivation of this result, discuss different approaches to determine and validate the committor coordinate, and present three illustrative applications: protein folding, the game of chess, and patient recovery dynamics after kidney transplant.WIREs Comput Mol Sci2016, 6:748–763. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1276This article is categorized under:Structure and Mechanism > Computational Biochemistry and BiophysicsTheoretical and Physical Chemistry > Reaction Dynamics and KineticsTheoretical and Physical Chemistry > Statistical Mechanics
The costs and benefits of brain dopamine for cognitive control
Authors: Cools Roshan 
Published: August 2016

Cognitive control helps us attain our goals by resisting distraction and temptations. Dopaminergic drugs are well known to enhance cognitive control. However, there is great variability in the effects of dopaminergic drugs across different contexts, with beneficial effects on some tasks but detrimental effects on other tasks. The mechanisms underlying this variability across cognitive task demands remain unclear. I aim to elucidate this across‐task variability in dopaminergic drug efficacy by going beyond classic models that emphasize the importance of dopamine in the prefrontal cortex for cognitive control and working memory. To this end, I build on recent advances in cognitive neuroscience that highlight a role for dopamine in cost–benefit decision making. Specifically, I reconceptualize cognitive control as involving not just prefrontal dopamine but also modulation of cost–benefit decision making by striatal dopamine. This approach will help us understand why we sometimes fail to (choose to) exert cognitive control while also identifying mechanistic factors that predict dopaminergic drug effects on cognitive control. WIREs Cogn Sci 2016, 7:317–329. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1401This article is categorized under:

Neuroscience > Cognition
ASD Validity
Authors: Waterhouse Lynn , London Eric , Gillberg Christopher 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
ASD research is at an important crossroads. The ASD diagnosis is important for assigning a child to early behavioral intervention and explaining a child’s condition. But ASD research has not provided a diagnosis-specific medical treatment, or a consistent early predictor, or a unified life course. If the ASD diagnosis also lacks biological and construct validity, a shift away from studying ASD-defined samples would be warranted. Consequently, this paper reviews recent findings for the neurobiological validity of ASD, the construct validity of ASD diagnostic criteria, and the construct validity of ASD spectrum features. The findings reviewed indicate that the ASD diagnosis lacks biological and construct validity. The paper concludes with proposals for research going forward.