bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le vie dei lumi: Dai riformatori napoletani ai padri della Costituzione americana
Authors: Nicolì Rita 
Published: August 2017

Il saggio si propone di ripercorrere, attraverso alcuni esplicativi esempi, lo scambio epistolare tra Benjamin Franklin e Gaetano Filangieri – erede della scuola dei riformatori dell’Illuminismo meridionale -, vagliando l'influenza che l'opera dell'intellettuale napoletano ebbe sul sostrato filosofico della Costituzione degli Stati Uniti d'America, nonostante la differenza generazionale tra i due. Secondo gli studi più recenti, dal loro carteggio si evince l’ambizioso progetto politico a cui il filosofo napoletano offriva il suo contributo per la costruzione di un assetto istituzionale realmente fautore della pubblica felicità ed emerge la forza del pensiero dell’Illuminismo italiano e le sue proiezioni internazionali. L’interesse di Franklin per l'opera di Filangieri ha infatti risvolti anche esecutivi: egli considera il lavoro del filosofo napoletano un modello a cui ispirarsi sia per la redazione della legislazione criminale in Pennsylvania sia per la più impegnativa missione di elaborare la Costituzione del nuovo Stato federale. La Scienza della Legislazione è una costruzione intellettuale lucidamente utopica e al contempo tecnicamente raffinata e moderna che, per prima, mette in rilievo l’interdipendenza delle leggi della politica e dell’economia, individuando per Napoli, ma anche per l’Europa ed oltre, l’urgenza di una radicale, generale riforma. Gli scritti di Filangieri, furono presentati a Franklin, durante il suo soggiorno parigino, da un diplomatico del Regno di Napoli a Parigi, ma soprattutto fu la comune affiliazione alla Massoneria a favorire un contatto tra i due intellettuali. Si intende qui porre l’accento sulla relazione tra il Sud Italia e la nazione americana, sui rapporti tra la Costituzione americana e sulla proiezione degli ideali illuministici di Gaetano Filangieri nel Nuovo Mondo, alla luce degli insegnamenti di Genovesi e dell’influenza di Locke.
Effects of Terms of Trade on Economic Growth of Pakistan
Authors: Jebran Khalil , Iqbal Amjad , Rao Zia Ur Rehman , Ali Arshad 
Published: August 2017

This paper analyzes the effect of terms of trade on economic growth of Pakistan considering annual time series data from 1980 to 2013. This study opted autoregressive distributed lag model for purpose of analyzing short- and long-run relationship. The results reveal significant negative long-run and short-run effects of terms of trade on economic growth. The analyses also indicate significant positive long-run and short-run effects of labour on economic growth. Further, capital stock is influencing positively the economic growth in long run only. We suggest that economic policies may be implemented to deteriorate terms of trade which will further enhance the economic growth of Pakistan. JEL: F13, F43
Classroom interaction: Two studies of severely educationally subnormal children
Authors: Beveridge Michael , Evans Peter 
Published: August 2017

An experimental study of go/no-go discrimination learning had previously indicated that individual differences in learning relate to childrens’ scores on the excitation/inhibition factor of a classroom assessment scale. The current paper reports two observational studies which show that this scale factor also relates to aspects of the children's classroom behaviour. In particular, the frequency of initiation of interaction, amount of speech, number of approaches and likelihood of interacting with the teacher, were positively and significantly related to the degree of excitation of the children. These results were interpreted as indicating that excitable children are more reinforcement seeking than inhabitable children, and that this tendency leads to the differences observed in the classroom.
Allocation of Repertory Grid Constructs to Superordinate Categories: Interjudge Reliability
Authors: Phillips Derek , Callely Eileen 
Published: August 2017

After using a form of the Repertory Grid technique to elicit from teachers constructs of the characteristics of children with behaviour problems, the authors and four other judges allocated the constructs to superordinate categories. Some research reports have indicated that the criterion for interjudge reliability has been product moment correlations of the number of constructs allocated to categories. It is possible that such a method may lead to misinterpretation. Interjudge reliabilities, expressed by product moment correlations, were high when number of constructs was considered. However, an investigation carried out to ascertain percentages of same constructs allocated to the categories revealed that relatively low percentages of constructs were so allocated.
Direct Classroom Observation: Potential Problems and Solutions
Authors: Sideridis George 
Published: August 2017

Direct classroom observation: potential problems and solutions George Sideridis Direct observation has been the most widely used behavioural assessment method in education. The aim of this article is to define observer bias, drift and reactivity, using examples from the behaviour analytical literature, and suggest ways of controlling them. It concludes that the following recommendations can assist the reliable and accurate recording of student behaviour: (1) train observers intensively until they achieve high levels of reliability and accuracy, (2) use simple observational systems with as few behavioural categories as possible and simple operational definitions, (3) keep observers blind and experimenters double-blind to experimental conditions, subject characteristics, etc., (4) plan periodic training sessions for the observers to re-study the operational definition of behaviours and discuss the problems of the observation situation, (5) inform observers that all their observations are monitored, (6) use ‘real time’ observations and not time-sampling procedures, (7) keep observers motivated and reinforce them for accurate observation, and (8) have observers become part of the classroom environment beforehand.
Gender Differences in Mathematical Sub-Skills
Authors: Manger Terje , Eikeland Ole-Johan 
Published: August 2017

Gender differences in mathematical sub-skills Significant gender differences favouring boys were found among Norwegian sixth-grade students in total mathematical test score and in the sub-scores of numeracy, measurement, fractions, geometry and word problems. No significant differences were found in addition and subtraction or in multiplication and division. Items requiring an understanding of decimal numbers discriminated in favour of the boys. The study revealed the dominance of boys in the upper ranges of ability in mathematics, showing that small average gender differences can hide large differences in a highly able group of students.
School Guidance Focus: A Hong Kong Study
Authors: Hui Eadaoin K. P. 
Published: August 2017

School guidance focus: a Hong Kong Study As schools worldwide pay more attention to pastoral care and pupil guidance research into guidance focus as a school factor and ways of assessing it are still undeveloped. The study reported here aimed at identifying the guidance focus (remedial, preventive or developmental) adopted in Hong Kong secondary schools. In the absence of previous studies, it was necessary to establish criteria of identification. Constructs of guidance were first identified using Kelly's Repertory Grid. This was followed by a questionnaire survey of guidance practices. The findings indicated that case work and developmental group work were useful indicators. The criteria established for assessing schools' guidance focus were the amount of time spent by the school guidance team and the priority they assigned to each indicator. The findings also revealed conceptual and methodological problems in determining school guidance focus and in categorising schools accordingly, thus opening up other areas of research. While specific to Hong Kong secondary schools, the method is reported for its relevance to other school settings.
The Impact of Age on the Job Satisfaction of University Teachers
Authors: Oshagbemi Titus 
Published: August 2017

The impact of age on the job satisfaction of university teachers A general trend in today's organisations is that they are staffed with older workers. One interesting question, therefore, is whether older workers are more satisfied with their jobs when compared with younger employees? The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of age on the job satisfaction of UK academics. A questionnaire including several demographic questions such as age, gender and rank was administered to 1, 102 university teachers. A total of 554 responses were received, giving a response rate of 50.3 per cent. Using frequency analysis, the overall job satisfaction score of the academics was found to be positively related to their age. A three-way analysis of variance confirmed the hypothesis that age is linearly related to the overall measure of their job satisfaction. Further analyses showed that the age of the academics is significantly related to their satisfaction with teaching, research, and administration and management, i.e. the core aspects of their job. The nature of the relationship is explored. It was observed that the construct developed for ascertaining an overall measure of job satisfaction was more rigorous than the popular Job Descriptive Index.
Rethinking Panel Culture: Resistance and Subversion in Drawing the Line: Indian Women Fight Back
Authors: Nair Rajesh V. 
Published: August 2017

This paper sets out to interrogate an interesting dimension of a popular form—the graphic novel—and its use as a mode of social activism. Illustrating clearly the myriad manifestations of sexuality in modern Indian urban spaces through 14 graphic narratives, Drawing the Line: Indian Women Fight Back (2015) is a bold attempt by Priya Kuriyan, Larissa Bertonasco and Ludmilla Bartscht in documenting the predicament of young women in our society in a rather refreshing manner. I focus on the performative aspect of gender by analysing the graphic texts where an effort is made to subvert the power structure by appealing to social conscience. Here, the authors have tried to rethink femininity in the contemporary Indian context by developing a counter-hegemonic narrative which challenges the aggressive nature of dominant masculinity and by opening up the possibility of constructing a ‘counter-space’ (Lefebvre). Intersection between verbal and visual representation in the graphic stories is studied with theoretical inputs from W. J. T. Mitchell, Michel Foucault and Judith Butler.
Rituximab in multiple sclerosis: Frequency and clinical relevance of anti-drug antibodies
Authors: Dunn Nicky , Juto Alexander , Ryner Malin , Manouchehrinia Ali , Piccoli Luca , Fink Katharina , Piehl Fredrik , Fogdell-Hahn Anna 
Published: August 2017

Background: Rituximab is a chimeric monoclonal anti-CD20 B-cell-depleting antibody increasingly used off-label in multiple sclerosis (MS). The clinical relevance of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) against rituximab in MS is unknown. Objective: To determine frequency of ADA in relation to B-cell counts, allergic reactions and clinical efficacy in a large cohort of MS-treated patients. Methods: Cross-sectional study with collection of serum samples from 339 MS patients immediately before a scheduled rituximab infusion. ADAs were detected using an in-house–validated electrochemiluminescent immunoassay and a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to compare methods. Data on patient demographics and clinical outcomes were retrieved from the Swedish MS Registry and patient records. Results: ADAs were detected in 37% of relapsing–remitting MS and 26% in progressive forms of MS. Presence of ADAs decreased with increasing number of rituximab infusions. There was a significant association between both presence and titres of ADAs and incomplete B-cell depletion, but not with infusion/adverse reactions or clinical outcomes at the group level. Only five patients terminated rituximab during follow-up, four of which were ADA positive. Conclusion: Rituximab treatment is associated with a high degree of ADAs, which correlates with efficacy of B-cell depletion; however, the clinical relevance of ADAs remains uncertain.
Diabetes management in Senegalese families: A dyadic-narrative illustration
Authors: BeLue R , Ndiaye K , Miranda PY , Ndao F , Canagarajah P 
Published: August 2017

Objectives In many Sub-Saharan African cultures, diabetes self-management behaviors such as dietary adherence do not occur in isolation but are carried out in the context of local culture, a significant factor in shaping those health behaviors. Methods Using a family-based narrative approach, we explore how Senegalese families manage diabetes. We interviewed twenty people living with diabetes and selected family caregivers from MBour, Senegal. Results We found that people living with diabetes experienced physical, emotional, and financial stressors as a result of managing their condition. In addition, family caregivers play an important role in managing their family member's diabetes. Discussion The act of caregiving affects caregiver diabetes prevention behaviors. In some cases, this caregiving role leads to an increase of healthy behaviors such as reducing dietary sugar; however, in some cases, caregivers do not see the need to engage in healthy behaviors. Diabetes prevention and management interventions that support both Senegalese people living with diabetes and their family caregivers are warranted.
A case with a large intracoronary mobile mass diagnosed with a calcified thrombus using optical frequency domain imaging and intravascular ultrasound
Authors: Kuno Toshiki , Hashimoto Kenji , Imaeda Syohei , Ryuzaki Toshinobu , Saito Tetsuya , Yamazaki Hiroyuki , Tabei Ryota , Kodaira Masaki , Numasawa Yohei 
Published: August 2017

Objectives: A calcified thrombus is rare, but needs to be recognized and to be differentiated from calcified nodule. Methods: We report a case of acute coronary syndrome and a large intracoronary mobile mass, which was identified as a calcified thrombus by optical frequency domain imaging and intravascular ultrasound. Results: Successful direct stenting indicated that mobile mass was a calcified thrombus, not a calcified nodule. Conclusions: Cardiologists should be aware that an intracoronary mobile mass could be a calcified thrombus. This diagnosis can be confirmed through the combined use of optical frequency domain imaging and intravascular ultrasound.
AG-348 enhances pyruvate kinase activity in red blood cells from patients with pyruvate kinase deficiency
Authors: Kung Charles , Hixon Jeff , Kosinski Penelope A. , Cianchetta Giovanni , Histen Gavin , Chen Yue , Hill Collin , Gross Stefan , Si Yaguang , Johnson Kendall , DeLaBarre Byron , Luo Zhiyong , Gu Zhiwei , Yao Gui , Tang Huachun , Fang Cheng , Xu Yingxia , Lv Xiaobing , Biller Scott , Su Shin-San Michael , Yang Hua , Popovici-Muller Janeta , Salituro Francesco , Silverman Lee , Dang Lenny 
Published: August 2017

Key Points
AG-348 is a small-molecule allosteric activator of WT red cell pyruvate kinase as well as mutant enzymes associated with hemolytic anemia. Activity in vitro, in mice, and in red blood cells suggests it may address the underlying molecular pathology in PK deficiency patients.
National profile of foot orthotic provision in the United Kingdom, part 1: practitioners and scope of practice
Authors: Nester CJ , Graham A , Martinez‐Santos A , Williams AE , McAdam J , Newton V 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundFoot orthoses have been advocated in the management of a wide range of clinical foot and lower limb problems and are within the scope of podiatry, orthotic and physiotherapy practice. Previous reports into the provision of orthoses have consistently identified significant issues with services and devices, but data were never specific to foot orthoses. The aim of this first of a series of papers was to report the first ever national multi professional profile of foot orthosis provision in the United Kingdom.MethodsQuantitative and qualitative data were collected from podiatrists, orthotists and physiotherapists via an online questionnaire. The topics, questions and answers were developed through a series of pilot phases. The professions were targeted through electronic and printed materials. Data were captured over a 10 month period in 2016.ResultsA total of 499 responses were included in analysis, including 357 podiatrists, 93 orthotists and 49 physiotherapists. The results reveal wide ranging practices across podiatrists, orthotists and physiotherapists, provision of orthoses through different health care departments (uni and multidisciplinary), for different health conditions (acute and chronic), and involving different types of orthoses (prefabricated and customised).ConclusionFoot orthoses in the United Kingdom are provided in areas of well recognised health and rehabilitation priorities. A wide range of orthotic devices and practices are employed and different professions provide foot orthoses in different ways.
Reactivation of Gαi-coupled formyl peptide receptors is inhibited by Gαq-selective inhibitors when induced by signals generated by the platelet-activating factor receptor
Authors: Holdfeldt André , Dahlstrand Rudin Agnes , Gabl Michael , Rajabkhani Zahra , König Gabriele M , Kostenis Evi , Dahlgren Claes , Forsman Huamei 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Formyl peptide receptor (FPR)–desensitized neutrophils display increased production/release of superoxide (O2−) when activated by platelet-activating factor (PAF), a priming of the response achieved through a unique receptor crosstalk mechanism. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of an inhibitor selective for small, heterotrimeric G proteins belonging to the Gαq subclass on that receptor crosstalk. We show that signals generated by FPRs and the PAF receptor (PAFR) induce activation of the neutrophil O2−, producing NADPH-oxidase, and that response was sensitive to Gαq inhibition in cells activated by PAF, but no inhibition was obtained in cells activated by FPR agonists. Signaling in naive neutrophils is terminated fairly rapidly, and the receptors become homologously desensitized. The downstream sensitivity to Gαq inhibition in desensitized cells displaying increased production/release of O2− through the PAFR receptor crosstalk mechanism also comprised the reactivation of the FPRs, and the activation signals were redirected from the PAFR to the desensitized/reactivated FPRs. The Gαq-dependent activation signals generated by the PAFRs activate the Gαi-coupled FPRs, a receptor crosstalk that represents a novel pathway by which G protein-coupled receptors can be regulated and signaling can be turned on and off.
Sexual orientation and suicidal behaviour in young people
Authors: Meader Nick , Chan Melissa K. Y. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryLesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) young people have been found to be at greater risk of suicidal behaviour. National prevention strategies have identified the need to reduce suicide risk in this population. However, research on specific risk factors for LGB young people that might inform suicide prevention programmes are at an early stage of development.
Trainee experiences of intellectual disability psychiatry and an innovative leaderless support group: A qualitative study
Authors: Spackman Ross , Toogood Hannah , Kerridge Jayne , Nash Jon , Anderson Elizabeth , Rai Dheeraj 
Published: August 2017

Aims and methodThere is very little research into the challenges of training in intellectual disability psychiatry or into interventions which may address these challenges. Using focus groups, we explored the experiences of intellectual disability psychiatry trainees, and evaluated a leaderless trainee support group developed in Bristol.ResultsFive distinct themes were identified via framework analysis: that trainees felt unprepared for the difference from previous posts; the need for support; the value of the group; that trainees were concerned about judgement in supervision; that the group structure was valued.Clinical implicationsOur findings highlight the support needs specific to intellectual disability psychiatry trainees. Leaderless peer support groups may be a valued resource to address such issues, and may be a useful model to be considered by other training schemes.
An ex vivo model using human peritoneum to explore mesh-tissue integration
Authors: Falk Peter , Ruiz-Jasbon Fernando , Strigård Karin , Gunnarsson Ulf , Ivarsson Marie-Lois 
Published: August 2017

Biological compatibility, in terms of implantation of foreign mesh material in hernia surgery, still needs experimental investigation. Present study develops an experimental model using human peritoneum to study the integration between tissue and different mesh material. The ex vivo model using peritoneal tissue was studied with different mesh material, and integration was monitored over time using microscopy.
It could be demonstrated that the peritoneal model may be kept viable in culture for several weeks. Cell migration was seen after 7-10 days in culture and could be further monitored over several weeks. The use of a human artificial model environment enabling the investigation of tissue/mesh integration has, to our knowledge, not been described previously.
This proof-of-concept model was developed, for the investigation of peritoneal biology and the integration between tissue and different mesh material. It has the potential to be useful in studies on other important biological mechanisms involving the peritoneum.
Parkin promotes proteasomal degradation of misregulated BAX
Authors: Cakir Zeynep , Funk Kathrin , Lauterwasser Joachim , Todt Franziska , Zerbes Ralf M. , Oelgeklaus Aline , Tanaka Atsushi , van der Laan Martin , Edlich Frank 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
The pro-apoptotic BCL-2 protein BAX commits human cells to apoptosis by permeabilizing the outer mitochondrial membrane. BAX activation has been suggested to require the separation of helix α5 from α6 – the ‘latch’ from the ‘core’ domain – among other conformational changes. Here, we show that conformational changes in this region impair BAX translocation to the mitochondria and retrotranslocation back into the cytosol, and therefore BAX inhibition, but not activation. Redirecting misregulated BAX to the mitochondria revealed an alternative mechanism of BAX inhibition. The E3 ligase parkin, which is known to trigger mitochondria-specific autophagy, ubiquitylates BAX K128 and targets the pro-apoptotic BCL-2 protein for proteasomal degradation. Retrotranslocation-deficient BAX is completely degraded in a parkin-dependent manner. Although only a minor pool of endogenous BAX escapes retrotranslocation into the cytosol, parkin-dependent targeting of misregulated BAX on the mitochondria provides substantial protection against BAX apoptotic activity.
cophesim: A comprehensive phenotype simulator for testing novel association methods
Authors: Zhbannikov Ilya Y. , Arbeev Konstantin G. , Yashin Anatoliy I. 
Published: August 2017

Simulation is important in evaluating novel methods when input data is not easily obtainable or specific assumptions are needed. We present cophesim, a software to add the phenotype to generated genotype data prepared with a genetic simulator. The output of cophesim can be used as a direct input for different genome wide association study tools. cophesim is available from https://bitbucket.org/izhbannikov/cophesim.