bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health‐Related Quality of Life in Survivors of High‐Risk Neuroblastoma After Stem Cell Transplant: A National Population‐Based Perspective
Authors: Portwine Carol , Rae Charlene , Davis Jeff , Teira Pierre , Schechter Tal , Lewis Victor , Mitchell David , Wall Donna A. , Pullenayegum Eleanor , Barr Ronald D. 
Published: May 2016

PurposeThis study aimed to estimate the burden of morbidity, in terms of health‐related quality of life (HRQL), in survivors of high‐risk neuroblastoma (NBL) after myeloablative chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT).Patients and methodsA national population‐based survey was undertaken of survivors of high‐risk NBL (N = 99), diagnosed between 1991 and 2010 and treated with HSCT. Parents completed a proxy questionnaire incorporating two HRQL measures, Health Utilities Index (HUI) 2 and 3. Children >12 years of age provided self‐assessments. Clinical and demographic data were collected. Independent t‐test and one‐way analysis of variance were used to assess differences. Comparative data were obtained from previously published work and Statistics Canada's 1998 National Population Health Survey.ResultsOn a scale of 0 (being dead) to 1.0 (perfect health), mean HRQL utility scores were 0.89 (SD = 0.11) in HUI2 and 0.84 (SD = 0.18) in HUI3. Parents reported morbidity in sensation (52.5%), pain (30.3%), cognition (28.0%), and emotion (24.2%) in HUI2 and in hearing (38.4%), pain (30.3%), cognition (27.3%), and speech (23.2%) in HUI3. HRQL was not significantly different compared to NBL survivors treated without HSCT, but was less than in nontransplanted survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and Wilms tumor, and children in the general population, yet higher than in survivors of brain tumors.ConclusionsHRQL is compromised in high‐risk NBL survivors treated with and without HSCT. A differential effect on hearing reflects additional exposure to platinum‐based chemotherapy. These results should inform long‐term care and the development of new therapeutic interventions.
Logical Ethics: Early Wittgenstein and Pynchon
Authors: Eve Martin Paul 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
In 1980, at the request of S.E. Gontarski, Samuel Beckett wrote Ohio Impromptu, a short piece of theatre featuring two doppelgängers seated opposite one another. In a clear-cut instance of nominative determinism, the figures are called Reader and Listener. However, superficially, the most striking aspect of this piece in relation to Pynchon’s work is its potential for metatextual readings. Reader tells of a figure who has fled from the place where he used to live with his lover in an attempt to escape from his grief. At this new location a spectral figure appears who tells a ‘sad tale’ that comforts the figure. It is unclear whether Reader and Listener are the two figures in the frame narrative, but it is probable, thereby introducing strange loops at the extreme edge of limit-modernism. However, opening a metafictional floodgate in relation to Pynchon’s fiction is not where this work begins. Instead, it is notable that Beckett’s Reader repeats the line ‘little is left to tell’ throughout the piece as the figures, or the characters in the tale, silently merge: ‘[w]ith never a word exchanged they grew to be as one’.1
Ohio Impromptu is, as with much of Beckett’s work, a piece concerned with silence. While the text gives a Pinteresque ‘Pause’, the stage directions also explicitly frame ‘Silence. Five seconds’ amid the final modulation of the sad tale wherein, at last, ‘[n]othing is left to tell’.2
Whose Line is it Anyway?: Late Foucault and Pynchon
Authors: Eve Martin Paul 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Continuing on from the preceding chapter, it is fair to say that Foucault’s trajectory of thought on the Enlightenment is one that oscillates, best demonstrated at this juncture by a problematic 1978 interview first published in 1980 (DÉ281). Perhaps as a consequence of the flux in his thought at this point, Foucault essentially reverts here to a straightforward repetition of the Weberian-inflected, early Frankfurt School mantra: ‘[c]ouldn’t it be concluded that the Enlightenment’s promise of attaining freedom through the exercise of reason has been turned upside down, resulting in domination by reason itself, which increasingly usurps the place of freedom?’1 Clearly, this view has a strong resonance with Foucault’s earliest, unproblematised stance on the Enlightenment, but it is now entwined within a fluctuating field of geographically and temporally specific complications.
Art, Society and Ethics: Adorno’s Dialectic of Enlightenment, Aesthetic Theory and Pynchon
Authors: Eve Martin Paul 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
‘Myth is already enlightenment, and enlightenment reverts to mythology’ proclaims the introduction to Adorno and Horkheimer’s Dialectic of Enlightenment (xvii). This chiastic statement lies at the core of this work’s account of a fundamental incompatibility between enlightenment’s goals of ‘liberating human beings from fear’ (the freedom that Adorno and Horkheimer believe is inseparable from enlightenment thinking) and the simultaneous state of ‘the wholly enlightened earth’ as ‘radiant with triumphant calamity’ (DoE, 1). The key to grasping this interrelation of enlightenment and myth lies in the depiction of nature, to which one subsection will here be dedicated. Nature, for the longest period, was deemed to hold a degree of enchantment; it was intrinsically meaningful. The abstracted tales that correlate to such a foundationalist stance are myths. Conversely, at the dawn of the Age of Reason there began a progressive disenchantment of nature: ‘[f]rom now on, matter was to be controlled without the illusion of immanent powers or hidden properties’ (DoE, 3). The world and all aspects therein were available to be used and understood; there was no longer any intrinsic meaning: ‘[o]n their way toward modern science human beings have discarded meaning’ (3). This disenchantment of nature is termed enlightenment.
The Injustice of Child Poverty
Authors: Schweiger Gottfried , Graf Gunter 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn the previous chapter, we sketched a theory of social justice for children based within the capability approach. We argued that, as a matter of social justice, each and every child is entitled to reach a minimum threshold of certain important functionings and capabilities, which are essential to her well-being and well-becoming. Furthermore, we have suggested that in the case of children, a focus on achieved functionings is often more adequate from a social justice perspective than a focus on capabilities. However, this assumption has to be understood in relation to the age and competence of the child, respecting her agency from an early age on. As children move through childhood, as they mature and develop, choice and autonomy become more and more important, and social justice reflects this by shifting its focus from achieved functionings to capabilities.
Morbidity and mortality of adult patients with congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type I
Authors: Shalev Hanna , Al‐Athamen Kaid , Levi Itai , Levitas Aviva , Tamary Hannah 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCongenital dyserythropoietic anemia type I (CDAI) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by macrocytic anemia, ineffective erythropoiesis, and secondary hemochromatosis. To better define the natural history of the disease among adult patients, we studied 32 Bedouin patients (median age 34 yr; range 21–60) all carrying the same CDAN1 founder mutation. Follow‐up studies included complete blood count, blood chemistry, abdominal ultrasound, echocardiography, and T2*MRI. Main complications were due to anemia and ineffective erythropoiesis [osteoporosis (8/9, 89%), cholelithiasis (21/30, 70%), pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) (6/25, 24%)] and iron overload [hypothyroidism (9/24, 38%), and diabetes mellitus (6/32, 19%)]. T2* MRI revealed increased liver iron but no cardiac iron (13/13). Anemia improved in the majority of patients who underwent splenectomy (5/6). Three patients died (9%) at the age of 46–56 due to PAH (1) and sepsis (2). All previously underwent splenectomy. Analyzing both our patients and the 21 patients previously described by Heimpel et al. (Blood 107:334, 2006), we conclude that adults with CDA I suffer significant morbidity and mortality. Careful monitoring of iron overload and prompt iron chelation therapy is mandatory. Due to possible complications and inconsistent response to splenectomy α‐interferon, transfusion therapy or stem cell transplantation should be considered as alternatives to this procedure in severely affected patients.
The creative use of English in Japanese punning
Authors: SCHERLING JOHANNES 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTJapanese and English share a relatively short but intense history during which the number of English‐based loanwords in Japanese has risen to at least 10 per cent of the entire lexicon. This paper explores the creative uses of English (loan)words in Japanese punning, where homophonic, homonymic and paronymic relations between English words and Japanese phrases play a crucial role in creating amusing ambiguities that arise only due to the peculiar and extensive processes of loanword assimilation into Japanese which render them phonologically undistinguishable from ‘original’ Japanese words. English is thus naturalized in the Japanese language to such an extent that it can be widely and creatively applied to generate humor.
Speakers' awareness and the use of do be vs. be after in Hiberno‐English
Authors: Shimada Tamami 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the interface of social and linguistic factors in contact‐induced language change with data from Hiberno‐English (HE). The evidence from my survey suggests that morphosyntactic forms in HE are unevenly marked in speakers’ subjective judgments of use, non‐use, Irishness and ‘bad grammar’. This study particularly examines the cause of the contrasting judgements between the do be and be after forms. The examination leads to the suggestion of the constraint of morphosyntactic conformity and provides further theoretical perspectives on the role of speakers.
Source strength verification and quality assurance of preloaded brachytherapy needles using a CMOS flat panel detector
Authors: Golshan Maryam , Spadinger Ingrid , Chng Nick 
Published: May 2016

Purpose:Current methods of low dose rate brachytherapy source strength verification for sources preloaded into needles consist of either assaying a small number of seeds from a separate sample belonging to the same lot used to load the needles or performing batch assays of a subset of the preloaded seed trains. Both of these methods are cumbersome and have the limitations inherent to sampling. The purpose of this work was to investigate an alternative approach that uses an image‐based, autoradiographic system capable of the rapid and complete assay of all sources without compromising sterility.Methods:The system consists of a flat panel image detector, an autoclavable needle holder, and software to analyze the detected signals. The needle holder was designed to maintain a fixed vertical spacing between the needles and the image detector, and to collimate the emissions from each seed. It also provides a sterile barrier between the needles and the imager. The image detector has a sufficiently large image capture area to allow several needles to be analyzed simultaneously.Several tests were performed to assess the accuracy and reproducibility of source strengths obtained using this system. Three different seed models (Oncura 6711 and 9011 125I seeds, and IsoAid Advantage 103Pd seeds) were used in the evaluations. Seeds were loaded into trains with at least 1 cm spacing.Results:Using our system, it was possible to obtain linear calibration curves with coverage factor k = 1 prediction intervals of less than ±2% near the centre of their range for the three source models. The uncertainty budget calculated from a combination of type A and type B estimates of potential sources of error was somewhat larger, yielding (k = 1) combined uncertainties for individual seed readings of 6.2% for 125I 6711 seeds, 4.7% for 125I 9011 seeds, and 11.0% for Advantage 103Pd seeds.Conclusions:This study showed that a flat panel detector dosimetry system is a viable option for source strength verification in preloaded needles, as it is capable of measuring all of the sources intended for implantation. Such a system has the potential to directly and efficiently estimate individual source strengths, the overall mean source strength, and the positions within the seed‐spacer train.
Perspectives
Authors: Bernstein Gilbert Louis , Kjolstad Fredrik 
Published: May 2016

Writing highly performant simulations requires a lot of human effort to optimize for an increasingly diverse set of hardware platforms, such as multi-core CPUs, GPUs, and distributed machines. Since these optimizations cut across both the design of geometric data structures and numerical linear algebra, code reusability and portability is frequently sacrificed for performance.
We believe the key to make simulation programmers more productive at developing portable and performant code is to introduce new linguistic abstractions, as in rendering and image processing. In this perspective, we distill the core ideas from our two languages, Ebb and Simit, that are published in this journal.
Effects of Calcium Hydroxide-containing Pulp-capping Agents on Pulp Cell Migration, Proliferation, and Differentiation
Authors: Schröder U. 
Published: May 2016

The findings from the recent literature on pulpal cell responses to the application of calcium hydroxide to exposed pulps are described. The effect of calcium hydroxide on healthy and inflamed pulp is discussed. The effect of incorporation of calcium hydroxide in various pulp-capping agents is presented. The initial effect of calcium hydroxide applied to exposed pulp is the development of a superficial three-layer necrosis. The beneficial effect of calcium hydroxide is regarded as the result of the chemical injury caused by the hydroxyl ions, limited by a zone of firm necrosis against the vital tissue, and the toleration of calcium ions by the tissue. The firm necrosis causes slight irritation and stimulates the pulp to defense and repair. The observed sequence of tissue reactions is that which is expected when connective tissue is wounded. It starts with vascular and inflammatory cell migration and proliferation, to control and elimination of the irritating agent. This is followed by the repair process, including migration and proliferation of mesenchymal and endothelial pulp cells and formation of collagen. When the pulp is protected from irritation, odontoblasts differentiate, and the tissue formed assumes the appearance of dentin, i.e., the function of the pulp is normalized. The mineralization of the collagen starts with dystrophic calcification of both the zone of firm necrosis and the degenerated cells in the adjacent tissue, leading to deposition of mineral in the newly-formed collagen. The presence of calcium ions stimulates precipitation of calcium carbonate in the wound area and thereby contributes to the initiation of mineralization. Hard tissue formation in contact with some hard-setting calcium hydroxide cements has been reported, indicating a less-extensive initial chemical injury than that produced by calcium hydroxide alone. The differences in tissue response to various calcium hydroxide-containing cements are related to such factors as differences in pH and rates of release of hydroxyl ions and calcium ions. Other components of the cements, leading to different chemical reactions, may inactivate calcium hydroxide or be noxious to the pulp and thereby interfere with healing. Decisive factors for healing of the inflamed pulp are the degree of inflammation, the time of irritation and infection, and the location of the exposure. The effect of calcium hydroxide is not a factor. Internal dentin resorption, observed in pulpotomized primary teeth capped with calcium hydroxide, occurs when chronically inflamed pulp is present at the time of treatment and/or is induced by improper wound treatment, such as leaving a blood clot between the wound surface and the calcium hydroxide. Concerning the addition of corticosteroids to calcium hydroxide-containing pulp-capping agents, no biologically acceptable histological results have been reported so far.
Dentin-Predentin Complex and Its Permeability: Pathology and Treatment Overview
Authors: Mjör P.A. 
Published: May 2016

This review paper focuses attention on tissue changes which may lake place in dentin and on localized alterations in tissue formation in the predentin area. A number of reaction patterns has been described in dentin affecting both the inorganic and organic components. Dentinal tubules may become partly or completely obturated by growth of the peritubular dentin. Precipitation of mineral salts within the tubules, which may be a reprecipitation of minerals from adjacent demineralized dentin, represents a fundamentally different mode of obturation of dentinal tubules. Initially, demineralization selectively affects the peritubular dentin. If dentin is exposed to the oral environment, the surface layer may become hypermineralized. The surface layer of dentin, exposed by grinding, becomes covered by a smear layer. Displacement of the contents of the tubules or of the odontoblasts is a characteristic change in the organic components. Odontoblast destruction or degeneration will lead to a lack of, or reduced, predentin formation. Changes in the protein components which lead to alterations in dentin permeability have also been reported. The structure of the interface between dentin and localized formations of irregular secondary dentin varies considerably. If there is no tubular communication between primary and secondary dentin, the interface will act as an impermeable barrier. Changes in dentin, including irregular secondary dentin formation, affect the permeability of the tissue. Such changes are clinically important for the outcome of all types of restorative work performed on vital teeth.
Prevention of stress- or nitric oxide donor-induced medication overuse headache by a calcitonin gene-related peptide antibody in rodents
Authors: Kopruszinski Caroline Machado , Xie Jennifer Yanhua , Eyde Nathan Mackenzie , Remeniuk Bethany , Walter Sarah , Stratton Jennifer , Bigal Marcelo , Chichorro Juliana Geremias , Dodick David , Porreca Frank 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was the determination of the role of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the induction of medication overuse headache (MOH)-related migraine in an injury-free preclinical model.MethodsRats were primed by a 7-day period of exposure to acute migraine therapies including sumatriptan and morphine. After an additional 14-day drug-free period, rats were exposed to putative migraine triggers including bright light stress (BLS) or nitric oxide (NO) donor in the presence or absence of TEV48125, a fully humanized CGRP antibody. Cutaneous allodynia (CA) was used as an outcome measure and CGRP blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels were measured.ResultsBLS and NO donor challenge evoked delayed, long-lasting CA selectively in rats that were previously treated with sumatriptan or morphine. BLS produced a significant increase in CGRP in the plasma, but not CSF, in animals that were previously exposed to sumatriptan compared to saline controls. TEV48125 did not modify baseline tactile thresholds or produce behavioral side effects, but significantly inhibited both BLS- and NO donor-induced CA in animals that were previously primed with sumatriptan or morphine; an isotype control protein that does not bind CGRP had no effect.InterpretationThese data suggest that acute migraine medications may promote MOH in susceptible individuals through CGRP-dependent mechanisms and that anti-CGRP antibodies may be a useful clinical strategy for the treatment of MOH.
Cerebral vasomotor reactivity in reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome
Authors: Topcuoglu Mehmet Akif , Chan Suk-tak , Silva Gisele Sampaio , Smith Eric Edward , Kwong Kenneth K , Singhal Aneesh Bhim 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundAltered cerebrovascular tone is implicated in reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS). We evaluated vasomotor reactivity using bedside transcranial Doppler in RCVS patients.MethodsIn this retrospective case-control study, middle cerebral artery (MCA) blood flow velocities were compared at rest and in response to breath-hold in RCVS ( n = 8), Migraineurs ( n = 10), and non-headache Controls ( n = 10). Hyperventilation response was measured in RCVS.ResultsIn RCVS, Breath Holding Index (BHI) was severely reduced in seven of eight patients and 14/16 MCAs; seven of 16 MCAs showed exhausted (BHI < 0.1) or inverted (BHI < 0) vasomotor reactivity. Mean BHI in RCVS (0.23 ± 0.5) was significantly lower than Migraine (1.52 ± 0.57) and Controls (1.51 ± 0.32), p < 0.001. Triphasic velocity responses were seen in all groups. The maximum Vmeandecline during the middle negative phase was −15.5 ± 9.2% in RCVS, −15.4 ± 7% in Migraine, and −10.3 ± 5% in Controls ( p = 0.04). In the late positive phase, average Vmeanincrease was 6.2 ± 14% in RCVS, which was significantly lower ( p < 0.001) than Migraine (30.5 ± 11%) and Controls (30.2 ± 6%). With hyperventilation, RCVS patients showed 23% decrease in Vmean.ConclusionCerebral arterial tone is abnormal in RCVS, with proximal vasoconstriction and abnormally reduced capacity for vasodilation. Further studies are needed to determine the utility of BHI to diagnose RCVS before angiographic reversibility is established, and to estimate prognosis.
Impact of invitation schemes on breast cancer screening coverage: A cohort study from Copenhagen, Denmark
Authors: Jacobsen Katja Kemp , von Euler Chelpin My , Vejborg Ilse , Lynge Elsebeth 
Published: May 2016

Background The purpose of mammography screening is to decrease breast cancer mortality. To achieve this a high coverage by examination is needed. Within an organized screening programme, we examined the impact of changes in the invitation schedule on the interplay between coverage and participation. Method We studied nine cohorts aged 50–51 when first targeted by mammography screening in Copenhagen, Denmark. Population data were retrieved from the Danish Civil Registration System; invitation and attendance data from the screening programme database. Data were linked using unique personal identification numbers. Coverage by invitation was defined as (number of invited women/number of targeted women), coverage by examination as (number of screened women/number of targeted women), and participation rate as (number of screened women/number of invited women). Results Coverage by invitation was close to or above 95% for all newly recruited cohorts. In subsequent invitation rounds, both technical errors and changes in the invitation scheme affected the coverage by invitation. Coverage by examination at first invitation was 72.5% for the first cohort, but dropped to 64.2% for the latest cohort. Furthermore, coverage by examination dropped by increasing invitation number and with omission of re-invitation of previous non-attenders. Participation rate closely reflected changes in the invitation scheme. Conclusion Changes in the invitation schemes influenced coverage by invitation, coverage by examination, and participation rate. We observed a considerable gap between coverage by examination and participation rate, strongly indicating that the latter cannot without reservations, be taken as an indicator of the first.