bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The mechanics of static non-planar faults in infinitesimal strain theory
Authors: ROMANET Pierre , SAITO Tatsuhiko , FUKUYAMA Eiichi 
Published: September 2024

Summary
Fault geometry is a key factor in controling the mechanics of faulting. However, there is currently limited theoretical knowledge regarding the effect of non-planar fault geometry on earthquake mechanics. Here, we address this gap by introducing an expansion of the relation between fault traction and slip, up to second order, relative to the deviation from a planar fault geometry. This expansion enables the separation of the effects of non-planarities from those of planar faults. This expansion is realised in the boundary integral equation, assuming a small fault slope. It provides an interpretation for the effect of complex fault geometry on fault traction, for any fault geometry and any slip distribution. Hence the results are also independent of the friction that applies on the fault. The findings confirm that fault geometry has a strong influence on in-plane faulting (mode II) by altering the normal traction on the fault and making it more resistant to slipping for any fault geometry. On the contrary, for out-of-plane faulting (mode III), fault geometry has a much smaller influence. Additionally, we analyse some singularities that arise for specific fault geometries often used in earthquake simulations and provide guidelines for their elimination. To conclude this study, we discuss the limits of the infinitesimal strain theory when non-planar faults are considered.
Acoustic Assaults on the Auschwitz-Birkenau Concourse
Authors: Sewell Sara Ann 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article investigates how sonic encounters shaped Jews’ experiences on the concourse at Auschwitz-Birkenau. By applying methods associated with sound and sensory studies, the article examines survivors’ memoirs and interviews to demonstrate that sonic violence was a key aspect of the genocide. The train ramp was a dynamic acoustic environment in which interlocking noises swelled and contracted as part of the arrival operation. As Jewish arrivals deboarded the trains, an array of threatening noises battered them, including amplified commands blasted in German, antisemitic slurs, vicious barking, beatings, and gunshots. SS guards used these acoustic assaults to perpetrate sonic violence against the arrivals, subduing their targets by instilling fear through sound. By generating an atmosphere of chaos and confusion through sound, they achieved their chief objective: prisoner compliance. Acoustic assaults inflicted somatic and psychological pain that manifested itself physically. Many deportees responded to the sensorial onslaught with their own sonorous outpourings. Cries, wails, and screams flooded the concourse, evidence of their trauma. Besieged sensorially, many became mentally immobilized, underlining the capacity of sonic violence to impair cognition. Their mental paralysis amid the cacophonous maelstrom marked their shattered subjectivities, which seared themselves sonically into their memories.
Numerical analysis of an evolving bulk–surface model of tumour growth
Authors: Edelmann Dominik , Kovács Balázs , Lubich Christian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper studies an evolving bulk–surface finite element method for a model of tissue growth, which is a modification of the model of Eyles, King and Styles (2019, A tractable mathematical model for tissue growth. Interfaces Free Bound, 21, 463–493). The model couples a Poisson equation on the domain with a forced mean curvature flow of the free boundary, with nontrivial bulk–surface coupling in both the velocity law of the evolving surface and the boundary condition of the Poisson equation. The numerical method discretizes evolution equations for the mean curvature and the outer normal and it uses a harmonic extension of the surface velocity into the bulk. The discretization admits a convergence analysis in the case of continuous finite elements of a polynomial degree at least 2. The stability of the discretized bulk–surface coupling is a major concern. The error analysis combines stability estimates and consistency estimates to yield optimal-order $H^{1}$-norm error bounds for the computed tissue pressure and for the surface position, velocity, normal vector and mean curvature. Numerical experiments illustrate and complement the theoretical results.
Presence of carbapenem resistance in hybrid Escherichia coli pathovars from ready-to-eat fresh-cut fruits in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Nketiah Agnes , Quansah Joycelyn K , Kunadu Angela Pary-Hanson 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aim
This study reports the presence of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli hybrid pathovars and its prevalence in 200 fresh-cut fruits from Accra.

Methods and results
Standard culture methods were used to quantify microbial indicators and E. coli on fresh-cut fruits retailed in formal and informal outlets in Accra. The Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method was used to determine the antibiotic resistance profile of E. coli, while multiplex PCR was employed to identify the virulence and carbapenem-resistance genes. Escherichia coli prevalence in cut fruits was 17%, with pawpaw, watermelon, and mixed fruit having higher prevalence than pineapple. Of the 34 E. coli isolates from fresh-cut fruits, 44% showed broad resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, while 5.9% showed carbapenem resistance. The study identified virulence genes associated with all E. coli isolates, including stx1, stx2, escV, and ipaH, of which 97% were hybrid pathovars bearing genes for Shiga toxin-producing E. coli/enteropathogenic E. coli/enteroinvasive E. coli. The carbapenemase gene, blaIMP, was associated with both carbapenem-resistant E. coli phenotypes identified.

Conclusion
Despite a low-carbapenem-resistance prevalence observed among E. coli isolates, hypervirulent hybrid strains of E. coli is present in fresh-cut fruits in the sampling area, posing a potential public health risk to fresh-cut fruit consumers.
Transglutaminase mediates the hardening of fish egg envelope produced by duplication of factor XIIIA gene during the evolution of Teleostei
Authors: Yasumasu Shigeki , Horie Miyuki , Horie Mayuko , Sakuma Kodai , Sato Chihiro , Sato Hikari , Nakajima Taiki , Nagasawa Tatsuki , Kawaguchi Mari , Iuchi Ichiro 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
During the fertilization of fish eggs, the hardening of the egg envelope is mediated by transglutaminase (hTGase). After fertilization, TGase undergoes processing. We isolated hTGase from extracts of unfertilized and water-activated rainbow trout eggs. Rainbow trout hTGase (Rt-hTGase) appeared as an 80 kDa protein, and its processed form was 55 kDa. Their N-terminal amino acid sequences were nearly identical, suggesting processing in the C-terminal region. The specific activities were not significantly different, indicating that C-terminal processing does not activate the enzyme itself. We cloned the cDNA by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using degenerate primers followed by RACE-PCR. The deduced amino acid sequence of the cDNA was similar to that of factor XIII subunit A (FXIIIA). Molecular phylogenetic and gene syntenic analyses clearly showed that hTGase was produced by duplication of FXIIIA during the evolution to Teleostei. The 55 kDa processed form of Rt-hTGase is predominantly composed of an enzyme domain predicted from the amino acid sequence of the cDNA. It is hypothesized that the C-terminal domain of Rt-hTGase binds to egg envelope proteins, and that processing allows the enzyme to move freely within the egg envelope, increasing substrate–enzyme interaction and thereby accelerating hardening.
Compatibility of Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) with nanoformulations of natural active substances
Authors: Dáder Beatriz , Magaña Antonio Jesús , Pascual-Villalobos María Jesús , Moreno Aránzazu , Fereres Alberto , Viñuela Elisa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Nanoformulations of essential oils (EOs) improve stability of the active ingredient, and thereby its biological activity and persistence. Because compatibility of EOs with natural enemies is not explored sufficiently, we evaluated the impact of nanoformulations of EOs (aniseed, lemon) or pure products (farnesol) on different activities of the generalist predator Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). In dual choice bioassay, chrysopid larvae were significantly attracted to aniseed-treated pepper disks and deterred by farnesol. Larval activities (resting, walking, and preying) on treated leaves infested with Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) were compared. There were no differences among nanoemulsions, nor aphid consumption varied. We studied the toxicity of nanoformulations to larvae and evaluated their development after contact with treated leaf disks, ingestion of treated artificial diet, and both routes of exposure (application of biopesticides on aphid-infested plants). This is the first evidence of the compatibility of EO nanoformulations with C. carnea by single route of exposure. Whether any effect appeared, it was sublethal. Compounds significantly reduced aphid consumption after 6 h on double route exposure, but this negative short-term effect disappeared as time progressed. Our results showed the optimal biopesticide to apply depends on which biological feature of the natural enemy we targeted. The key element to introduce these nanoemulsions is to match their persistence period on the crop with the release of the appropriate biological stage of C. carnea. This reinforces the fact that the main activities of C. carnea can be substantially maintained in joint application with nanoemulsions of EOs.
Increasing power in screening trials by testing control-arm specimens: application to multicancer detection screening
Authors: Katki Hormuzd A , Prorok Philip C , Castle Philip E , Minasian Lori M , Pinsky Paul F 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Cancer screening trials have required large sample sizes and long time-horizons to demonstrate cancer mortality reductions, the primary goal of cancer screening. We examine assumptions and potential power gains from exploiting information from testing control-arm specimens, which we call the “intended effect” (IE) analysis that we explain in detail herein. The IE analysis is particularly suited to tests that can be conducted on stored specimens in the control arm, such as stored blood for multicancer detection (MCD) tests.

Methods
We simulated hypothetical MCD screening trials to compare power and sample size for the standard vs IE analysis. Under two assumptions that we detail herein, we projected the IE analysis for 3 existing screening trials (National Lung Screening Trial [NLST], Minnesota Colon Cancer Control Study [MINN-FOBT-A], and Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial—colorectal component [PLCO-CRC]).

Results
Compared with the standard analysis for the 3 existing trials, the IE design could have reduced cancer-specific mortality P values 6-fold (NLST), 33-fold (MINN-FOBT-A), or 260 000-fold (PLCO-CRC) or, alternately, reduced sample size (90% power) by 25% (NLST), 47% (MINN-FOBT-A), or 63% (PLCO-CRC). For potential MCD trial designs requiring 100 000 subjects per arm to achieve 90% power for multicancer mortality for the standard analysis, the IE analysis achieves 90% power for only 37 500-50 000 per arm, depending on assumptions concerning control-arm test-positives.

Conclusions
Testing stored specimens in the control arm of screening trials to conduct the IE analysis could substantially increase power to reduce sample size or accelerate trials and could provide particularly strong power gains for MCD tests.
Does enforcement style influence citizen trust in regulatory agencies? An experiment in six countries
Authors: Grimmelikhuijsen Stephan , Aleksovska Marija , van Erp Judith , Gilad Sharon , Maman Libby , Bach Tobias , Kappler Moritz , Van Dooren Wouter , Schomaker Rahel M , Houlberg Salomonsen Heidi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Establishing and maintaining citizen trust is vital for the effectiveness and long-term viability of regulatory agencies. However, limited empirical research has been conducted on the relationship between regulatory action and citizen trust. This article addresses this gap by investigating the influence of various regulatory enforcement styles on citizen trust. We conducted a pre-registered and representative survey experiment in six countries (n = 5,765): Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Israel, the Netherlands, and Norway. Our study focuses on three key dimensions of enforcement style: formalism, coerciveness, and accommodation. We hypothesize that a strict and punitive enforcement style with minimal accommodation will enhance citizen trust. Surprisingly, we found no overall effect of enforcement on trust. However, specifically high levels of formalism (strictness) and coerciveness (punitiveness) exhibited a small positive effect on trust. Furthermore, we observed no discernible impact of an accommodative enforcement style. Additional analyses revealed that the effects of enforcement style were not consistent across country and regulatory domains. This suggests we need to reconsider assumptions underlying enforcement theory, as our findings imply that public trust seems less conditional on heavy-handed enforcement than initially anticipated.
Performing sentiment analysis to trace the history of identity and belonging in ancient Greek literature
Authors: Bozia Eleni , Stein Austin , Bowman Wavid , Gjineci Annie , Vilela Gillian , Hracho Zachary , Prasad Rohan , Owji Neema , Saririan Niloufar , Burrowes Aidan , Jain Aarushi , Stevens Nitaicandra 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a Natural Language Processing approach for the in-depth study of ancient Greek literature. Specifically, our project mines the largest data collection of ancient Greek literature to extract descriptive words and their contextual collocations. We then present the Python libraries developed to perform sentiment analysis with a focus on words about gender, race, religion, ethnicity, and other distinguishable characteristics and how they were used by Greek authors. Finally, we showcase some initial findings as a proof of concept.
Quantifying azimuthal variations within the interstellar medium of z ~ 0 spiral galaxies with the TYPHOON survey
Authors: Chen Qian-Hui , Grasha Kathryn , Battisti Andrew J , Wisnioski Emily , Li Zefeng , Park Hye-Jin , Groves Brent , Torrey Paul , Mendel Trevor , Madore Barry F , Seibert Mark , Sextl Eva , Garcia Alex M , Rich Jeff A , Beaton Rachael L , Kewley Lisa J 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Most star formation in the local Universe occurs in spiral galaxies, but their origin remains an unanswered question. Various theories have been proposed to explain the development of spiral arms, each predicting different spatial distributions of the interstellar medium. This study maps the star formation rate (SFR) and gas-phase metallicity of nine spiral galaxies with the TYPHOON survey to test two dominating theories: density wave theory and dynamic spiral theory. We discuss the environmental effects on our galaxies, considering reported environments and merging events. Taking advantage of the large field of view covering the entire optical disc, we quantify the fluctuation of SFR and metallicity relative to the azimuthal distance from the spiral arms. We find higher SFR and metallicity in the trailing edge of NGC 1365 (by 0.117 and 0.068 dex, respectively) and NGC 1566 (by 0.119 and 0.037 dex, respectively), which is in line with density wave theory. NGC 2442 shows a different result with higher metallicity (0.093 dex) in the leading edge, possibly attributed to an ongoing merging. The other six spiral galaxies show no statistically significant offset in SFR or metallicity, consistent with dynamic spiral theory. We also compare the behaviour of metallicity inside and outside the corotation radius (CR) of NGC 1365 and NGC 1566. We find comparable metallicity fluctuations near and beyond the CR of NGC 1365, indicating gravitational perturbation. NGC 1566 shows the greatest fluctuation near the CR, in line with the analytic spiral arms. Our work highlights that a combination of mechanisms explains the origin of spiral features in the local Universe.
Mechanism of BCDX2-mediated RAD51 nucleation on short ssDNA stretches and fork DNA
Authors: Akita Masaki , Girvan Paul , Spirek Mario , Novacek Jiri , Rueda David , Prokop Zbynek , Krejci Lumir 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR) factors are crucial for DSB repair and processing stalled replication forks. RAD51 paralogs, including RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, XRCC2 and XRCC3, have emerged as essential tumour suppressors, forming two subcomplexes, BCDX2 and CX3. Mutations in these genes are associated with cancer susceptibility and Fanconi anaemia, yet their biochemical activities remain unclear. This study reveals a linear arrangement of BCDX2 subunits compared to the RAD51 ring. BCDX2 shows a strong affinity towards single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) via unique binding mechanism compared to RAD51, and a contribution of DX2 subunits in binding branched DNA substrates. We demonstrate that BCDX2 facilitates RAD51 loading on ssDNA by suppressing the cooperative requirement of RAD51 binding to DNA and stabilizing the filament. Notably, BCDX2 also promotes RAD51 loading on short ssDNA and reversed replication fork substrates. Moreover, while mutants defective in ssDNA binding retain the ability to bind branched DNA substrates, they still facilitate RAD51 loading onto reversed replication forks. Our study provides mechanistic insights into how the BCDX2 complex stimulates the formation of BRCA2-independent RAD51 filaments on short stretches of ssDNA present at ssDNA gaps or stalled replication forks, highlighting its role in genome maintenance and DNA repair.
Central nervous system tumors in adolescents and young adults: A Society for Neuro-Oncology Consensus Review on diagnosis, management, and future directions
Authors: Lim-Fat Mary Jane , Bennett Julie , Ostrom Quinn , Touat Mehdi , Franceschi Enrico , Schulte Jessica , Bindra Ranjit S , Fangusaro Jason , Dhall Girish , Nicholson James , Jackson Sadhana , Davidson Tom Belle , Calaminus Gabriele , Robinson Giles , Whittle James R , Hau Peter , Ramaswamy Vijay , Pajtler Kristian W , Rudà Roberta , Foreman Nicholas K , Hervey-Jumper Shawn L , Das Sunit , Dirks Peter , Bi Wenya Linda , Huang Annie , Merchant Thomas E , Fouladi Maryam , Aldape Kenneth , Van den Bent Martin J , Packer Roger J , Miller Julie J , Reardon David A , Chang Susan M , Haas-Kogan Daphne , Tabori Uri , Hawkins Cynthia , Monje Michelle , Wen Patrick Y , Bouffet Eric , Yeo Kee Kiat 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Adolescents and young adults (AYAs; ages 15–39 years) are a vulnerable population facing challenges in oncological care, including access to specialized care, transition of care, unique tumor biology, and poor representation in clinical trials. Brain tumors are the second most common tumor type in AYA, with malignant brain tumors being the most common cause of cancer-related death. The 2021 WHO Classification for central nervous system (CNS) Tumors highlights the importance of integrated molecular characterization with histologic diagnosis in several tumors relevant to the AYA population. In this position paper from the Society for Neuro-Oncology (SNO), the diagnosis and management of CNS tumors in AYA is reviewed, focusing on the most common tumor types in this population, namely glioma, medulloblastoma, ependymoma, and CNS germ cell tumor. Current challenges and future directions specific to AYA are also highlighted. Finally, possible solutions to address barriers in the care of AYA patients are discussed, emphasizing the need for multidisciplinary and collaborative approaches that span the pediatric and adult paradigms of care, and incorporating advanced molecular testing, targeted therapy, and AYA-centered care.
Electron spins from a molecular perspective: an interview with Song Gao
Authors: Jiang Shang-Da , Zhu He 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Spin chemistry has emerged as an interdisciplinary field that focuses on electron spins in molecules and related applications in physics, chemistry, biology, materials science and information science. It will play a crucial role in technological innovations. The chemistry of spins is deeply related to the essence of chemical bonds, chemical catalysis, enzyme catalysis, optical and electromagnetic properties, quantum computation and quantum precision measurements. The related research is intersectional, cutting-edge and has a wide range of application prospects.
National Science Review (NSR) recently interviewed Prof. Song Gao to discuss spin chemistry. Prof. Gao is a renowned inorganic chemist and an academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences. He is the president of Sun Yat-sen University and the founder of the Spin-X Institute of South China University of Technology. He is recognized as a leader in coordination chemistry and molecular magnetism, and has strong academic influence. Since 2008, he has served on the International Advisory Committee of International Conference on Molecule-Based Magnets, and organized and chaired its 2010 conference. Prof. Gao's primary research topics include molecular nanomagnets; the relationship between geometric structures, electronic structures and magnetism of molecules; and the spin states and reactivity of molecules.
Determinant of 30-Day Mortality of Pulmonary Legionellosis: Do Coinfections Matter?
Authors: Matsuo Takahiro , Wurster Sebastian , Jiang Ying , Tarrand Jeffrey , Evans Scott E , Kontoyiannis Dimitrios P 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We retrospectively reviewed 64 cases of cancer with pulmonary legionellosis (Legionella pneumophila in 73%). Nearly all patients received Legionella-active antibiotics, yet 30-day mortality was 23%. Independent predictors of 30-day mortality were hyponatremia, bilateral lung involvement, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score ≥5. Lung coinfections were common (31%) but did not significantly increase mortality.
Unmasking bowel obstruction in a Parkinson’s patient: the influence of cognitive bias in frailty medicine
Authors: Stevenson Harvey , Ramsay Daniele , Jerjes Waseem 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Recognising emergent acute pathology in the context of established chronic conditions can be challenging and is often overlooked due to cognitive biases in the physician’s decision making. In the context of Parkinson’s disease (PD), there is a large overlap between the non-motor symptoms of PD, common gastrointestinal symptoms amongst the elderly population, and symptoms associated with acute, severe GI pathology, which can result in diagnostic overshadowing. Here, a 68-year-old man with a background of PD reported nausea, constipation, and abdominal discomfort during routine frailty review by his general practitioner (GP). The patient reported these were common symptoms which usually resolved with laxatives. Aware of the potentially sinister nature of this presentation, the GP arranged transfer to the emergency department where CT subsequently revealed a closed-loop small bowel obstruction. This case highlights how frailty medicine is particularly susceptible to cognitive biases, which are commonly cited sources of medical errors.