bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real Hypersurfaces in Complex Two-plane Grassmannians with Reeb Parallel Ricci Tensor in the GTW Connection
Authors: de Dios Pérez Juan , Lee Hyunjin , Jin Suh Young , Woo Changhwa 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThere are several kinds of classification problems for real hypersurfaces in complex two-plane GrassmanniansG2(ℂm+2). Among them, Suh classified Hopf hypersurfaces inG2(ℂm+2) with Reeb parallel Ricci tensor in Levi–Civita connection. In this paper, we introduce the notion of generalized Tanaka–Webster (GTW) Reeb parallel Ricci tensor for Hopf hypersurfaces inG2(ℂm+2). Next, we give a complete classification of Hopf hypersurfaces inG2(ℂm+2) with GTW Reeb parallel Ricci tensor.
Modeling lightning-NOx chemistry on a sub-grid scale in a global chemical transport model
Authors: Gressent Alicia , Sauvage Bastien , Cariolle Daniel , Evans Mathew , Leriche Maud , Mari Céline , Thouret Valérie 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. For the first time, a plume-in-grid approach is implemented in a chemical transport model (CTM) to parameterize the effects of the nonlinear reactions occurring within high concentrated NOx plumes from lightning NOx emissions (LNOx) in the upper troposphere. It is characterized by a set of parameters including the plume lifetime, the effective reaction rate constant related to NOx–O3 chemical interactions, and the fractions of NOx conversion into HNO3 within the plume. Parameter estimates were made using the Dynamical Simple Model of Atmospheric Chemical Complexity (DSMACC) box model, simple plume dispersion simulations, and the 3-D Meso-NH (non-hydrostatic mesoscale atmospheric model). In order to assess the impact of the LNOx plume approach on the NOx and O3 distributions on a large scale, simulations for the year 2006 were performed using the GEOS-Chem global model with a horizontal resolution of 2° × 2.5°. The implementation of the LNOx parameterization implies an NOx and O3 decrease on a large scale over the region characterized by a strong lightning activity (up to 25 and 8 %, respectively, over central Africa in July) and a relative increase downwind of LNOx emissions (up to 18 and 2 % for NOx and O3, respectively, in July). The calculated variability in NOx and O3 mixing ratios around the mean value according to the known uncertainties in the parameter estimates is at a maximum over continental tropical regions with ΔNOx [−33.1, +29.7] ppt and ΔO3 [−1.56, +2.16] ppb, in January, and ΔNOx [−14.3, +21] ppt and ΔO3 [−1.18, +1.93] ppb, in July, mainly depending on the determination of the diffusion properties of the atmosphere and the initial NO mixing ratio injected by lightning. This approach allows us (i) to reproduce a more realistic lightning NOx chemistry leading to better NOx and O3 distributions on the large scale and (ii) to focus on other improvements to reduce remaining uncertainties from processes related to NOx chemistry in CTM.
Equatorward phytoplankton migration during a cold spell within the Late Cretaceous super-greenhouse
Authors: van Helmond Niels A. G. M. , Sluijs Appy , Papadomanolaki Nina M. , Plint A. Guy , Gröcke Darren R. , Pearce Martin A. , Eldrett James S. , Trabucho-Alexandre João , Walaszczyk Ireneusz , van de Schootbrugge Bas , Brinkhuis Henk 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE2), a  ∼  600 kyr episode close to the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary (ca. 94 Ma), is characterized by relatively widespread marine anoxia and ranks amongst the warmest intervals of the Phanerozoic. The early stages of OAE2 are, however, marked by an episode of widespread transient cooling and bottom water oxygenation: the Plenus Cold Event. This cold spell has been linked to a decline in atmospheric pCO2, resulting from enhanced global organic carbon burial. To investigate the response of phytoplankton to this marked and rapid climate shift we examined the biogeographical response of dinoflagellates to the Plenus Cold Event. Our study is based on a newly generated geochemical and palynological data set from a high-latitude Northern Hemisphere site, Pratts Landing (western Alberta, Canada). We combine these data with a semi-quantitative global compilation of the stratigraphic distribution of dinoflagellate cyst taxa. The data show that dinoflagellate cysts grouped in the Cyclonephelium compactum–membraniphorum morphological plexus migrated from high to mid-latitudes during the Plenus Cold Event, making it the sole widely found (micro)fossil to mark this cold spell. In addition to earlier reports from regional metazoan migrations during the Plenus Cold Event, our findings illustrate the effect of rapid climate change on the global biogeographical dispersion of phytoplankton.
Short-term volcano-tectonic earthquake forecasts based on a moving mean recurrence time algorithm: the El Hierro seismo-volcanic crisis experience
Authors: García Alicia , De la Cruz-Reyna Servando , Marrero José M. , Ortiz Ramón 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Under certain conditions, volcano-tectonic (VT) earthquakes may pose significant hazards to people living in or near active volcanic regions, especially on volcanic islands; however, hazard arising from VT activity caused by localized volcanic sources is rarely addressed in the literature. The evolution of VT earthquakes resulting from a magmatic intrusion shows some orderly behaviour that may allow the occurrence and magnitude of major events to be forecast. Thus governmental decision makers can be supplied with warnings of the increased probability of larger-magnitude earthquakes on the short-term timescale. We present here a methodology for forecasting the occurrence of large-magnitude VT events during volcanic crises; it is based on a mean recurrence time (MRT) algorithm that translates the Gutenberg-Richter distribution parameter fluctuations into time windows of increased probability of a major VT earthquake. The MRT forecasting algorithm was developed after observing a repetitive pattern in the seismic swarm episodes occurring between July and November 2011 at El Hierro (Canary Islands). From then on, this methodology has been applied to the consecutive seismic crises registered at El Hierro, achieving a high success rate in the real-time forecasting, within 10-day time windows, of volcano-tectonic earthquakes.
Disease characteristics and survival outcomes of extragonadal primary germ cell tumour in two Canadian tertiary cancer centres
Authors: Ko Jenny J. , Asif Tehmina , Li Haocheng , Alimohamed Nimira , Nguyen Phuong Thao , Heng Daniel Y.C. 
Published: May 2016

Introduction: Extragonadal germ cell tumours (EGCTs) are a heterogeneous group with distinct natural history and responses to treatmentmodalities. We sought to evaluate characteristics and survival outcomes in men with EGCTs.Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis on a consecutive list of men diagnosed with EGCT in two Albertan cancer centres between 1990 and 2013. Demographic characteristics and outcomes, stratified by primary site, were evaluated.Results: Sixty-nine cases were identified. The median age was 29 (range 15–76) and 48 cases (70%) were non-seminomatous. Twenty-four (35%) belonged to International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) favourable risk group, 14 (20%) to intermediate, and 31 (45%) to poor. Thirty (43%) had mediastinal primary (MPs); 29 were treated with first-line bleomycin, etoposide,and cisplatin (BEP). Seventeen (57%) relapses occurred, of which three patients achieved long-term survival. Seventeen (25%) had a central nervous system (CNS) primary, with eight (47%) classic germinoma. Seven (41%) received primary chemotherapy alone; 5 (29%) received primary radiotherapy alone, and 5 (29%) received both. Nineteen (28%) had a retroperitoneal primary (RPs) and received first-line chemotherapy; all but two received BEP and eight (42%) had surgical resection. Three (5%) had other or unknown primary. Five-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival for all patients were 56% and 44%, respectively; for MPs, 44% and 34%; for CNS primary, 76% and 53%; for RPs, 58% and 53%. Factors that correlated with decreased OS were elevated alpha fetoprotein (AFP) (p<0.001) or human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG) (p=0.001), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels (p=0.028), bone metastasis (p<0.001), lung metastasis (p<0.001).Conclusions: EGCT is a rare, but important subset of GCT. Patients with EGCTs, despite aggressive treatments, still have poorer outcomes than gonadal primary.
Rapid Screening of Ergot Alkaloids in Sclerotia by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Sivagnanam Kumaran , Komatsu Emy , Patrick Susan , Rampitsch Christoph , Perreault Hélène , Gräfenhan Tom 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Ergot is a common disease of wheat and other cereal grains that is predominantly caused by Claviceps purpurea in the field, often affecting crop yield in addition to the environment. Infected grain can be contaminated with dark sclerotia, which contain fungal metabolites such as ergot alkaloids. The occurrence of ergot alkaloids in cereal grain is a major health concern for humans and livestock. Effective and rapid screening of these mycotoxins is crucial for producers, processors, and consumers of cereal-based food and feed grain. Established methods of ergot alkaloid screening based on LC-MS or GC-MS require laborious processes. A novel method using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI)–time-of-flight (TOF) MS was developed to identify four ergot alkaloids. Using dihydroxybenzoic acid as the matrix, ergosine, ergocornine, ergocryptine, and ergocristine were readily detected in individual sclerotia of C. purpurea. The accuracy of the identified ergot alkaloids was further confirmed by tandem MS analysis. MALDI-TOF MS is suitable for high-throughput screening of ergot alkaloids because it permits rapid and accurate identification, simple sample preparation, and no derivatization or chromatographic separation.
Rectification of Lamb wave propagation in thin plates with piezo-dielectric periodic structures
Authors: Iwasaki Yuhei , Tsuruta Kenji , Ishikawa Atsushi 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Based on a heterostructured plate consisting of piezoelectric-ceramic/epoxy-resin composites with different periodicities, we design a novel acoustic diode for the symmetrical/asymmetrical (S/A) mode of Lamb wave at audible ranges. The acoustic diode is constructed with two parts, i.e., the mode conversion part and the mode selection part, and the mode conversion mechanism at the interface is applied to the mode hybridization from S to S+A and for the mode conversion from A to S. The phonon band structures for each part are calculated and optimized so that the mode selection is realized for a specific mode at the junction. Finite-element simulations prove that the proposed acoustic diode achieves efficient rectification at audio frequency ranges for both S and A mode incidences of the Lamb wave.
Effect of dimethyl sulfoxide addition on ultrasonic degradation of methylene blue
Authors: Shimakage Kaho , Kobayashi Daisuke , Naya Masakazu , Matsumoto Hideyuki , Shimada Yuichiro , Otake Katsuto , Shono Atsushi 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The ultrasonic degradation of methylene blue was carried out in the absence and presence of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a radical scavenger for various frequencies, and the effects of DMSO addition on the degradation rate constant estimated by assuming first-order kinetics were investigated. The degradation reaction rate decreased with DMSO addition, and hydroxyl radicals were observed to play important roles in the degradation of methylene blue. However, the degradation reaction did not stop with DMSO addition, and the degradation rate constant in the presence of DMSO was not affected by ultrasonic frequency.
Arctic layer salinity controls heat loss from deep Atlantic layer in seasonally ice‐covered areas of the Barents Sea
Authors: Lind Sigrid , Ingvaldsen Randi B. , Furevik Tore 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn the seasonally ice‐covered northern Barents Sea an intermediate layer of cold and relatively fresh Arctic Water at ~25–110 m depth isolates the sea surface and ice cover from a layer of warm and saline Atlantic Water below, a situation that resembles the cold halocline layer in the Eurasian Basin. The upward heat flux from the Atlantic layer is of major concern. What causes variations in the heat flux and how is the Arctic layer maintained? Using observations, we found that interannual variability in Arctic layer salinity determines the heat flux from the Atlantic layer through its control of stratification and vertical mixing. A relatively fresh Arctic layer effectively suppresses the upward heat flux, while a more saline Arctic layer enhances the heat flux. The corresponding upward salt flux causes a positive feedback. The Arctic layer salinity and the water column structures have been remarkably stable during 1970–2011.
Conduit dynamics and post explosion degassing on Stromboli: A combined UV camera and numerical modeling treatment
Authors: Pering T. D. , McGonigle A. J. S. , James M. R. , Tamburello G. , Aiuppa A. , Delle Donne D. , Ripepe M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractRecent gas flux measurements have shown that Strombolian explosions are often followed by periods of elevated flux, or “gas codas,” with durations of order a minute. Here we present UV camera data from 200 events recorded at Stromboli volcano to constrain the nature of these codas for the first time, providing estimates for combined explosion plus coda SO2 masses of ≈18–225 kg. Numerical simulations of gas slug ascent show that substantial proportions of the initial gas mass can be distributed into a train of “daughter bubbles” released from the base of the slug, which we suggest, generate the codas, on bursting at the surface. This process could also cause transitioning of slugs into cap bubbles, significantly reducing explosivity. This study is the first attempt to combine high temporal resolution gas flux data with numerical simulations of conduit gas flow to investigate volcanic degassing dynamics.
A comparison between large‐scale irregularities and scintillations in the polar ionosphere
Authors: Wang Y. , Zhang Q.‐H. , Jayachandran P. T. , Lockwood M. , Zhang S.‐R. , Moen J. , Xing Z.‐Y. , Ma Y.‐Z. , Lester M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA comparison tool has been developed by mapping the global GPS total electron content (TEC) and large coverage of ionospheric scintillations together on the geomagnetic latitude/magnetic local time coordinates. Using this tool, a comparison between large‐scale ionospheric irregularities and scintillations is pursued during a geomagnetic storm. Irregularities, such as storm enhanced density, middle‐latitude trough, and polar cap patches, are clearly identified from the TEC maps. At the edges of these irregularities, clear scintillations appeared but their behaviors were different. Phase scintillations (σφ) were almost always larger than amplitude scintillations (S4) at the edges of these irregularities, associated with bursty flows or flow reversals with large density gradients. An unexpected scintillation feature appeared inside the modeled auroral oval where S4 were much larger than σφ, most likely caused by particle precipitations around the exiting polar cap patches.
Evidence and effects of the sunrise enhancement of the equatorial vertical plasma drift in the F region ionosphere
Authors: Zhang Ruilong , Liu Libo , Le Huijun , Chen Yiding 
Published: May 2016

AbstractRecent studies based on the satellite observations demonstrated that the equatorial vertical plasma drift can also enhance near sunrise in a way similar to the prereversal enhancement. However, it is not clear whether the signature of this sunrise enhancement appears in observations with other sounding techniques. In this work, we explore the Jicamarca (12°S, 283.2°E) incoherent scatter radar measurements to present the evidence of sunrise enhancement in vertical plasma drift on 12 May and 10 June 2004, which are under magnetically quiet and solar minimum conditions. The effects of the sunrise enhancement on the ionosphere are, for the first time, investigated by analyzing the ionograms recorded by the Digisonde Portable Sounder at Jicamarca and conducting the Theoretical Ionospheric Model of the Earth in Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The observations showed that, during the sunrise enhancement, the F2 layer peak height is lifted remarkably, and the F2 layer peak density and bottomside electron density tend to decrease compared to the days without sunrise enhancements. The simulations indicated that the sunrise enhancement drift can lift the equatorial ionosphere to higher heights and distort the equatorial electron density profiles. What is more, the simulations display an F3 layer in the equatorial F region during the sunrise enhancement, and a new F2 layer develops at lower altitudes under the jointed control of the usual photochemical and dynamical processes.
The observed compression and expansion of the F2 ionosphere as a major component of ionospheric variability
Authors: Lynn K. J. W , Gardiner‐Garden R. S. , Heitmann A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis paper examines a number of sources of ionospheric variability and demonstrates that they have relationships in common which are currently not recognized. The paper initially deals with medium to large‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances. Following sections deal with nontraveling ionospheric disturbance (TID) ionospheric variations which are often repetitious from day to day. The latter includes the temporary rise in F2 height associated with sunset in equatorial latitudes resulting from strong upward drift in ionization driven by an E × B force. The following fall in height is often referred to as the premidnight collapse and is accompanied by a temporary increase in foF2 as a result of ionospheric compression. An entirely different repetitious phenomenon reported recently from middle latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere consists of strong morning and afternoon peaks in foF2 which define a midday bite‐out and occur at the equinoxes. This behavior has been speculated to be tidal in origin. All the sources of ionospheric variability listed above exhibit similar relationships associated with a temporary expansion and upward lift of the ionospheric profile and a fall involving a compression of the ionospheric profile producing a peak in foF2 at the time of maximum compression. Such ionospheric compression/decompression is followed by a period in which the ionospheric profile recovers. Such relationships in traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) have been noted previously. The present paper establishes for the first time that relationships hitherto seen as occurring only with TIDs are also present in association with other drivers of ionospheric variability.
Recognition Practice Results in a Generalizable Skill in Older Adults: Decreased Intrusion Errors to Novel Objects Belonging to Practiced Categories
Authors: Maxcey Ashleigh M. , Bostic Jessica , Maldonado Ted 
Published: May 2016

SummaryAccessing memories is often accompanied by both positive and negative consequences. For example, practice recognizing some visual images held in memory can improve memory for the practiced images and hurt memory for related images (i.e., recognition‐induced forgetting). However, visual stimuli have been shown to improve memory for older adults by decreasing false memories. This suggests that older adults may be immune to recognition‐induced forgetting and that recognition practice may decrease susceptibility to intrusion errors. We first tested the hypothesis that older adults are immune to recognition‐induced forgetting. We found older adults exhibit recognition‐induced forgetting. Next, we tested the hypothesis that recognition practice decreases older adult's rates of intrusion errors. We found lower intrusion errors for novel objects from practiced categories. This represents a generalizable learning effect; practice recognizing a target object (e.g., your pill bottle) improves the rejection of new lures (e.g., identifying the pill bottle that is not yours).Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EU‐12: A Small‐Pore, High‐Silica Zeolite Containing Sinusoidal Eight‐Ring Channels
Authors: Bae Juna , Cho Jung , Lee Jeong Hwan , Seo Sung Man , Hong Suk Bong 
Published: May 2016

AbstractZeolite EU‐12, the framework structure of which has remained unsolved during the past 30 years, is synthesized at a specific SiO2/Al2O3 ratio using choline as an organic structure‐directing agent, with both Na+ and Rb+ ions present. Synchrotron powder X‐ray diffraction and Rietveld analyses reveal that the EU‐12 structure has a two‐dimensional 8‐ring channel system. Among the two distinct 8‐ring (4.6×2.8 and 5.0×2.7 Å) channels along c axis, the smaller one interconnects with the sinusoidal 8‐ring (4.8×3.3 Å) channel along a axis. The other large one is simply linked up with the sinusoidal channel by sharing 8‐rings (4.8×2.6 Å) in the ac plane. The proton form of EU‐12 was found to show a considerably higher ethene selectivity in the low‐temperature dehydration of ethanol than H‐mordenite, the best catalyst for this reaction.
Development of a DNA‐Templated Peptide Probe for Photoaffinity Labeling and Enrichment of the Histone Modification Reader Proteins
Authors: Bai Xue , Lu Congcong , Jin Jin , Tian Shanshan , Guo Zhenchang , Chen Pu , Zhai Guijin , Zheng Shuzhen , He Xiwen , Fan Enguo , Zhang Yukui , Zhang Kai 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHistone post‐translational modifications (HPTMs) provide signal platforms to recruit proteins or protein complexes to regulate gene expression. Therefore, the identification of these recruited partners (readers) is essential to understand the underlying regulatory mechanisms. However, it is still a major challenge to profile these partners because their interactions with HPTMs are rather weak and highly dynamic. Herein we report the development of a HPTM dual probe based on DNA‐templated technology and a photo‐crosslinking method for the identification of HPTM readers. By using the trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 4, we demonstrated that this HPTM dual probe can be successfully utilized for labeling and enrichment of HPTM readers, as well as for the discovery of potential HPTM partners. This study describes the development of a new chemical proteomics tool for profiling HPTM readers and can be adapted for broad biomedical applications.
Uptake of Hydrocarbons in Aqueous Solution by Encapsulation in Acyclic Cucurbit[n]uril‐Type Molecular Containers
Authors: Lu Xiaoyong , Isaacs Lyle 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe ability of two water‐soluble acyclic cucurbit[n]uril (CB[n]) type containers, whose hydrophobic cavity is defined by a glycoluril tetramer backbone and terminal aromatic (benzene, naphthalene) sidewalls, to act as solubilizing agents for hydrocarbons in water is described. 1H NMR spectroscopy studies and phase‐solubility diagrams establish that the naphthalene‐walled container performs as well as, or better than, CB[7] and CB[8] in promoting the uptake of poorly soluble hydrocarbons into aqueous solution through formation of host–hydrocarbon complexes. The naphthalene‐walled acyclic CB[n] container is able to extract large hydrocarbons from crude oil into aqueous solution.