bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contemporary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) for testis cancer in the UK – a national study
Authors: Wells Hannah , Hayes Matthew C. , O'Brien Tim , Fowler Sarah 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesTo undertake a comprehensive prospective national study of the outcomes of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) for testis cancer over a 1‐year period in the UK.Patients and MethodsData were submitted online using the British Association of Urological Surgeons Section of Oncology Data and Audit System. All new patients undergoing RPLND for testis cancer between March 2012 and February 2013 were studied prospectively. Data were analysed using Tableau software and case ascertainment compared with Hospital Episode Statistics data.ResultsIn all, 162 men underwent RPLND by 20 surgeons in 17 centres. The mean (range) case volume per centre was 9 (2–32) and the median (range) case volume per surgeon was 6 (1–30). Indications included: residual mass after chemotherapy (73%), primary treatment (6%), relapse (14%), and salvage (7%). The median time to surgery after chemotherapy was 8–12 weeks (<4 – >12 weeks) and 91% of procedures utilised open surgery. The median operating time was 3–4 h (<1.5 – >6 h). Nerve sparing was performed in 67% of patients (19% bilateral, 48% unilateral). The dissection was template in 81% and lumpectomy in 16%; 25% required additional intraoperative procedures including 11% synchronous planned nephrectomy. In all, 157/160 (98%) of recorded RPLND operations were completed. One was terminated due to bleeding and in two the mass could not be removed. There were no deaths within 30 days of surgery. In all, 75% of the men did not require a blood transfusion, 15% required 1–2 units and 10% received >2 units. There were postoperative complications in 10% of the men (Clavien–Dindo Grade I, seven men; Grade II, seven; and Grade III, one). The mean (range) length of stay was 5.5 (1–59) days. Histology showed necrosis in 22%; teratoma differentiated in 42%; and residual cancer in 36%.ConclusionsThis prospective collaborative national study describes for the first time the surgical outcomes after RPLND across the UK. The quality of RPLND in the UK appears high. The study can act as a benchmark for this type of surgery across the world.
Post‐traumatic stress symptoms and post‐traumatic growth among children and adolescents following an earthquake: a latent profile analysis
Authors: Jieling Chen , Xinchun Wu 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundPathological and beneficial outcomes have been documented in children and adolescents exposed to disasters, but the patterns of the outcomes are not known. This study was conducted to identify patterns of post‐traumatic stress symptoms and post‐traumatic growth and examine the predictors for the patterns among children and adolescents following an earthquake.MethodSelf‐reported measures (post‐traumatic stress symptoms, post‐traumatic growth, disaster exposure, and social support) were assessed among a total of 618 participants (age 12.26 ± 2.75) at 8 months post disaster. Latent profile analysis was utilized to identify the patterns of post‐traumatic stress symptoms and post‐traumatic growth, and multinomial logistic regressions were conducted to examine the predictors for the patterns.ResultsThree patterns were identified. Most of the participants fell into the Thriving pattern and smaller proportions fell into either the Resilient or Stressed and Growing pattern. Loss and injury, subjective fear, and social support could predict the membership in patterns of post‐traumatic stress symptoms and post‐traumatic growth.ConclusionsPractitioners are suggested to identify the pattern of post‐traumatic stress symptoms and post‐traumatic growth for different children and adolescents, and provide the service targeting their needs.
Expansion of Mandibular Knife‐Edge Ridge and Simultaneous Implant Placement to Retain Overdentures: One‐Year Clinical and Radiographic Results of a Prospective Study
Authors: ELsyad Moustafa Abdou , Hammouda Nelly Ibrahim 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of two implants placed in expanded mandibular knife‐edge ridge and implants placed in unexpanded ridges to retain overdentures.Materials and methodsFifteen completely edentulous patients with knife‐edge ridges at canine areas of the mandible received two implants using the ridge expansion technique (study group, SG). Expansion was performed using piezoelectric corticotomy, and self‐threading expanders. The control group (CG) comprised patients who received two‐implant at canine areas without ridge expansion but were all case matched to SG and served as historical cohort. In both groups, mandibular overdentures were connected to the implants with Locator attachments 3 months after implant placement. Clinical (Plaque index; PI, Gingival index; GI, Probing depth; PD, and implant stability; ISQ) and radiographic (Vertical bone loss; VBL) parameters were recorded at time of overdenture insertion (base line, T0), 6 months (T6), and 12 months (T12) after insertion.ResultsThe cumulative success rates were 100% and 96.4% for CG and SG, respectively, without significant difference between groups. All tested parameters increased significantly with advance of time in both groups. There was no significant difference in PI, GI, PD, and ISQ between groups. However, SG recorded significant higher VBL than CG at T6 and T12.ConclusionExpansion of mandibular knife edge ridge and simultaneous placement of implants to retain overdentures is associated with clinic and radiographic outcomes comparable to implants placed in unexpanded ridges after 1 year. However, long term randomized controlled trials with sufficient sample size are still needed to ensure the findings of the present study.
Refaunation and the reinstatement of the seed‐dispersal function in Gorongosa National Park
Authors: Correia Marta , Timóteo Sérgio , Rodríguez‐Echeverría Susana , Mazars‐Simon Alban , Heleno Ruben 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLarge animals are important seed dispersers; however, they tend to be under a high extinction risk worldwide. There is compelling evidence that the global biodiversity crisis is leading to the deterioration of several ecosystem functions, but there is virtually no information on how large‐scale refaunation efforts can reinstate seed dispersal. We evaluated the effectiveness of a 62‐km2 wildlife sanctuary, which was established to recover populations of large mammals in Gorongosa National Park (Mozambique), in restoring seed dispersal. We collected animal scats during the dry season of 2014 (June–August) along 5 transects inside and 5 transects outside the sanctuary fence (50 km total) with the same type of plant community, identified animal and plant species in the transects, and quantified the number of seeds in each scat. Based on these data, we built bipartite networks and calculated network and species‐level descriptor values, and we compared data collected inside and outside the sanctuary. There were more scats (268 vs. 207) and more scats containing seeds (132 vs. 94) inside than outside the sanctuary. The number of mammal dispersers was also higher inside (17) than outside the sanctuary (11). Similarly, more seeds (2413 vs. 2124) and plant species (33 vs. 26) were dispersed inside than outside the sanctuary. Overall, the seed‐dispersal network was less specialized (0.38 vs. 0.44) and there was a greater overlap (0.16 vs. 0.07) inside than outside the sanctuary. Both networks were significantly modular and antinested. The high number and richness of seeds dispersed inside the sanctuary was explained mostly by a higher abundance of dispersers rather than by disperser identity. Our results suggest conservation efforts aimed at recovering populations of large mammals are helping to reestablish not only target mammal species but also their functional roles as seed dispersers in the ecosystem.
Impact of frequency and lateralization of interictal discharges on neuropsychological and fine motor status in children with benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes
Authors: Vannest Jennifer , Tenney Jeffrey R. , Altaye Mekibib , Byars Anna W. , Spencer Caroline , Maloney Thomas C. , Szaflarski Jerzy P. , Morita Diego , Glauser Tracy A. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryDespite a positive prognosis for seizure remission, children with benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) have been reported to exhibit subtle neuropsychological difficulties. We examined the relationship between patterns of centrotemporal spikes (the typical electroencephalography [EEG] finding in BECTS) and neuropsychological and motor outcomes in children with new‐onset BECTS. Thirty‐four patients with new‐onset BECTS (not taking antiepileptic medication) and 48 typically developing children participated in the study. In BECTS patients, centrotemporal spikes (CTS) were evaluated in the first hour awake and first 2 h of sleep in a 24‐h EEG recording and left or right‐sided origin was noted. General intellectual function, language, visuospatial skill, processing speed, and fine motor skill were assessed in all participants. We found no significant difference between BECTS patients and controls on measures of general intellectual function, or visuospatial or language testing. There were significant differences in processing speed index and nondominant hand fine motor scores between groups. Significant negative relationships were observed between rates of left‐sided CTS and right hand fine motor scores. This suggests that psychomotor and fine motor speed are affected in BECTS, but the extent of affected domains may be more limited than previously suggested, especially in untreated patients early in the course of their epilepsy.
Transport of the outer dynein arm complex to cilia requires a cytoplasmic protein Lrrc6
Authors: Inaba Yasuko , Shinohara Kyosuke , Botilde Yanick , Nabeshima Ryo , Takaoka Katsuyoshi , Ajima Rieko , Lamri Lynda , Takeda Hiroyuki , Saga Yumiko , Nakamura Tetsuya , Hamada Hiroshi 
Published: June 2016

Lrrc6 encodes a cytoplasmic protein that is expressed specifically in cells with motile cilia including the node, trachea and testes of the mice. A mutation of Lrrc6 has been identified in human patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). Mutant mice lacking Lrrc6 show typical PCD defects such as hydrocephalus and laterality defects. We found that in the absence of Lrrc6, the morphology of motile cilia remained normal, but their motility was completely lost. The 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules remained normal in Lrrc6‐/‐ mice, but the outer dynein arms (ODAs), the structures essential for the ciliary beating, were absent from the cilia. In the absence of Lrrc6, ODA proteins such as DNAH5, DNAH9 and IC2, which are assembled in the cytoplasm and transported to the ciliary axoneme, remained in the cytoplasm and were not transported to the ciliary axoneme. The IC2–IC1 interaction, which is the first step of ODA assembly, was normal in Lrrc6−/− mice testes. Our results suggest that ODA proteins may be transported from the cytoplasm to the cilia by an Lrrc6‐dependent mechanism.
Synovial sarcoma cell lines showed reduced DNA repair activity and sensitivity to a PARP inhibitor
Authors: Yamasaki Hiroyuki , Miyamoto Mamiko , Yamamoto Yuki , Kondo Tadashi , Watanabe Toshiki , Ohta Tsutomu 
Published: June 2016

Synovial sarcoma is a soft‐tissue sarcoma and a rare type of cancer. Unfortunately, effective chemotherapies for synovial sarcomas have not been established. In this report, we show that synovial sarcoma cell lines have reduced repair activity for DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation (IR) and a topoisomerase II inhibitor (etoposide). We also observed reduced recruitment of RAD51 homologue (S. cerevisiae; RAD51) at sites of double‐strand breaks (DSBs) in synovial sarcoma cell lines that had been exposed to IR. These findings showed that synovial sarcoma cell lines are defective in homologous recombination (HR) repair. Furthermore, we found that a poly‐(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor (AZD2281; olaparib) effectively reduced the growth of synovial sarcoma cell lines in the presence of an alkylating agent (temozolomide). Our findings offer evidence that treatment combining a PARP inhibitor and an alkylating agent could have therapeutic benefits in the treatment of synovial sarcoma.
Modelling lifelong effects of different prophylactic treatment strategies for severe haemophilia A
Authors: Fischer K. , Lewandowski D. , Janssen M. P. 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundLifelong prophylactic replacement therapy with clotting factor concentrates is recommended for severe haemophilia. The prophylactic dose determines both clinical outcome and treatment cost. In the absence of clinical studies, computer simulation was used to explore lifelong effects and clotting factor consumption for various prophylactic dose levels, and optimize strategies for switching between prophylactic and on‐demand treatment.Design and MethodsIndividual patients’ lifetime joint bleeds, radiological arthropathy (Pettersson score, 0–78) and consumption were simulated for each treatment strategy. Treatment effectiveness (expressed as % of patients maintaining a lifetime Pettersson score ≤14) and clotting factor consumption were modelled for lifelong prophylaxis at dose levels 1000–4500 IU kg−1 year−1, for on‐demand treatment and for switching strategies. Treatment efficiency (consumption per unit of effectiveness) was used to compare strategies.ResultsCompared to lifelong on‐demand treatment, lifelong prophylaxis at 1000 IU kg−1 year−1 increased effectiveness from 21 to 36%, at an additional consumption of 0.9 × 106 IU kg−1. For lifelong prophylaxis, each additional 1000 IU kg−1 year−1 resulted in a proportional increase in consumption by ±5 × 106 IU kg−1 but a less than proportional reduction in arthropathy by ±50%; consequently, increasing consumption progressively diminished treatment efficiency. Switching strategies slightly reduce effectiveness and consumption. Optimum switching criteria were similar across prophylactic dose levels.ConclusionAccording to the simulation model, low‐dose prophylaxis (1000 IU kg−1 year−1) improved outcome at a limited increase in consumption compared to on‐demand treatment. Increasing prophylactic dose further improved health outcomes, but at decreasing efficiency. Optimal prophylactic dose should therefore be selected balancing acceptable health impact and available budget.
Hyponatremia in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Zhang Rui , Wang Songyan , Zhang Mian , Cui Lijuan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHyponatremia is a common condition encountered in clinical practice. A number of studies have associated low serum sodium levels with increased mortality in various patient populations, such as hospitalized patients and patients with various comorbid conditions; recent studies have shown that individuals with chronic kidney disease also are afflicted by hyponatremia. However, few studies have focused on patients with hemodialysis. Evidence supporting the incidence and prevalence of hyponatremia, clinical characteristics and the association with patient outcomes with hemodialysis is limited. In the present review, we examined the physiology and pathophysiology of water and sodium balance with a special emphasis on changes occurring during end‐stage renal disease. The outcomes in patients undergoing hemodialysis were associated with low serum sodium. We evaluated the associations between hyponatremia and mineral bone abnormalities and discussed the elevated incidence and prevalence of difficult clinical outcomes associated with hyponatremia. We also provided specific recommendations for hemodialysis treatment in hyponatremic patients.
Impact of Depression on Health and Medical Care Utilization and Expenses in US Adults With Migraine: A Retrospective Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Wu Jun , Davis‐Ajami Mary L. , Kevin Lu Zhiqiang 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundThe association between migraine and depression has been extensively examined and a bidirectional hypothesis of the comorbidity between the 2 diseases has been reported. However, the economic impact of comorbid depression on migraine has not been fully explored.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to determine the impact of depression on medical utilization and health care expenses among subjects reporting migraine.MethodsThe Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) household component longitudinal data files (2006‐2012) identified subjects (≥ 18 years) with migraines. Two groups were created from all eligible subjects with migraine based on whether comorbid depression was reported or not. The major outcome measures were annualized average total and migraine‐related health care expenses and medical utilization during a 2‐year period. The impact of depression on health expenses was assessed by multivariable linear regression models with log transformations. Multivariable logistic regression identified factors associated with depression and examined the likelihood of emergency department (ED) visit adjusting for demographic and health‐related variables.ResultsAmong 2,400 subjects with migraine (approximate 54.3 million United States [US] individuals for years 2006‐2012), 804 reported depression (representing 18.4 million individuals in the United States, 33.9%). Among migraineurs, nearly one‐third received anti‐migraine prescription drugs and approximately 65% with comorbid depression used antidepressants. Race (black vs white, odds ratio [OR]: 0.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.25, 0.52), sex (male vs female, OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.51, 0.87), perceived health status (fair to poor vs excellent‐very good, OR: 2.58, 95% CI: 2.72. 4.71), insurance coverage (public vs private, OR: 1.59, 95%CI: 1.13, 2.24), and greater comorbidity (OR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.28, 2.26) were significantly associated with comorbid depression in the subjects with migraine. Compared to migraine subjects without depression, the mean annual total health expenses per person ($10,012 vs. $4,740, P <.001) and mean migraine‐related health expenses ($723 vs $499, P = .014) were significantly higher in those with depression. The odds of ED visit in migraineurs with comorbid depression were higher than in those without depression (OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.71).ConclusionComorbid depression in subjects with migraine was associated with higher total and migraine‐related health expenses and increased likelihood of all‐cause ED visits. Comorbid depression management might be incorporated into migraine intervention program to improve treatment outcomes and produce potential cost savings. Further studies are needed to assess long‐term effects of depression on migraine progression and health care utilization patterns.
A Comparison of the Chronic Migraine Epidemiology and Outcomes (CaMEO) Study and American Migraine Prevalence and Prevention (AMPP) Study: Demographics and Headache‐Related Disability
Authors: Lipton Richard B. , Manack Adams Aubrey , Buse Dawn C. , Fanning Kristina M. , Reed Michael L. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveTo compare the methods and baseline characteristics of the American Migraine Prevalence and Prevention (AMPP) and Chronic Migraine Epidemiology and Outcomes (CaMEO) studies.BackgroundThe AMPP and CaMEO studies are the largest longitudinal efforts designed to improve our understanding of episodic and chronic migraine in the United States. The studies have complementary strengths and weaknesses.MethodsThis analysis compares and contrasts the study methods and participation rates of the AMPP and CaMEO studies. We then compare and contrast baseline results in terms of demographic characteristics, headache features, and disability as measured by the Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS) among people with episodic and chronic migraine.ResultsAMPP and CaMEO sampled from panels constructed to be representative of the US population. The AMPP Study collected data using a mailed questionnaire while CaMEO relied on a web survey methodology. Response rates were higher in AMPP (64.8%) than in CaMEO (16.5%). Both studies assessed headache features using the American Migraine Study/AMPP diagnostic module. Both identified persons with episodic (<15 headache days/month) and chronic migraine (≥15 headache days/month) based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders. AMPP collected data annually over 5 years, while CaMEO collected data quarterly over 15 months. Baseline demographic distribution was generally similar, indicating that each study was broadly representative of the US population. The proportion of persons with migraine who had chronic migraine was similar (AMPP, 6.6%; CaMEO, 8.8%). Respondents had similar median headache frequency (days/month) by sex for chronic migraine (AMPP: men = 21.7, women = 20.0; CaMEO: men = 20.0, women = 20.0) and episodic migraine (AMPP: men = 1.7, women = 2.0; CaMEO: men = 2.0, women = 3.0). Median MIDAS scores were substantially higher in both studies for chronic migraine (severe disability [Grade IV]; AMPP: men = 33.0, women = 45.0; CaMEO: men = 32.0, women = 38.0) than episodic migraine (little/mild disability [Grade I/II]; AMPP: men = 3.0, women = 6.0; CaMEO: men = 4.0, women = 7.0). Rates of moderate/severe disability (Grade III/IV) were substantially higher in both studies for chronic migraine (AMPP: men = 66.9%, women = 78.9%; CaMEO: men = 71.0%, women = 82.6%) than episodic migraine (AMPP: men = 23.0%, women = 31.8%; CaMEO: men = 26.7%, women = 37.9%). More women than men respondents in both studies experienced moderate/severe disability.ConclusionsAMPP and CaMEO are longitudinal cohort studies that used different methods, but yielded similar results for demographic features, headache frequency, and headache‐related disability. Both studies found more severe headache‐related disability in those with chronic versus episodic migraine.