bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Central Haemodynamics and Prediction of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Vlachopoulos Charalambos , Ioakeimidis Nikolaos , Rokkas Konstantinos , Angelis Athanassios , Terentes-Printzios Dimitrios , Kratiras Zisis , Georgakopoulos Christos , Tousoulis Dimitrios 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND
We investigated whether central hemodynamics predict major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in erectile dysfunction (ED) patients beyond traditional risk factors.

METHODS
MACEs in relation to aortic pressures and augmentation index (AIx) were analyzed in 398 patients (mean age, 56 years) with ED but without established cardiovascular (CV) disease.

RESULTS
During the mean follow-up period of 6.5 years, a total of 29 (6.5%) MACEs occurred. The adjusted relative risk of MACEs was 1.062 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.016–1.116) for a 10-mm Hg increase of aortic systolic pressure, 1.119 (95% CI, 1.036–1.155) for a 10-mm Hg increase of aortic pulse pressure (PP), and 1.191 (95% CI, 1.056–1.372) for a 10% absolute increase of AIx. While aortic pressures and AIx did not significantly improve the C-statistic models, the calibration for all indices was satisfactory. Regarding reclassification, the integrated discrimination improvement index (IDI) indicated improvement in risk discrimination of the models that included AIx and aortic PP compared to the reference model in identifying MACEs (IDI = 0.0069; P = 0.024, and IDI = 0.0060; P = 0.036, respectively). The based on categories for 10-year coronary heart disease risk and adapted at 6.5 years overall net reclassification index showed marginal and indicative risk reclassification for AIx (15.7%, P = 0.12) and aortic PP (7.2%, P = 0.20) respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Our results show for the first time that higher central pressures and AIx are associated with increased risk for a MACE in ED patients without known CV disease. Considering the adverse prognostic role of central hemodynamics on outcomes, the present findings may explain part of the increased CV risk associated with ED.
Systematic review of public-targeted communication interventions to improve antibiotic use
Authors: Cross Elizabeth Louise Anne , Tolfree Robert , Kipping Ruth 
Published: November 2016

Background: Excessive use of antibiotics accelerates the acquisition/spread of antimicrobial resistance. A systematic review was conducted to identify the components of successful communication interventions targeted at the general public to improve antibiotic use.
Methods: The databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were searched. Search terms were related to the population (public, community), intervention (campaign, mass media) and outcomes (antibiotic, antimicrobial resistance). References were screened for inclusion by one author with a random subset of 10% screened by a second author. No date restrictions were applied and only articles in the English language were considered. Studies had to have a control group or be an interrupted time-series. Outcomes had to measure change in antibiotic-related prescribing/consumption and/or the public’s knowledge, attitudes or behaviour. Two reviewers assessed the quality of studies. Narrative synthesis was performed.
Results: Fourteen studies were included with an estimated 74–75 million participants. Most studies were conducted in the United States or Europe and targeted both the general public and clinicians. Twelve of the studies measured changes in antibiotic prescribing. There was quite strong (P &lt; 0·05 to ≥ 0·01) to very strong (P &lt; 0·001) evidence that interventions that targeted prescribing for RTIs were associated with decreases in antibiotic prescribing; the majority of these studies reported reductions of greater than −14% with the largest effect size reaching −30%.
Conclusion: Multi-faceted communication interventions that target both the general public and clinicians can reduce antibiotic prescribing in high-income countries but the sustainability of reductions in antibiotic prescribing is unclear.
The first simultaneous mapping of four 7 mm SiO maser lines using the OCTAVE system
Authors: Oyama Tomoaki , Kono Yusuke , Suzuki Syunsaku , Kanaguchi Masahiro , Nishikawa Takashi , Kawaguchi Noriyuki , Hirota Tomoya , Nagayama Takumi , Kobayashi Hideyuki , Imai Hiroshi , Kuwahara Sho , Kano Amane , Oyadomari Miyako , Chong Sze Ning 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
We report on simultaneous very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) mapping of 28SiO v = 1, 2, 3, and 29SiO v = 0 J = 1 → 0 maser lines at the 7 mm band toward the semi-regular variable star, W Hydrae (W Hya), using the new data acquisition system (OCTAVE-DAS), installed in the VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry (VERA) array and temporarily operated in the 45 m telescope of the Nobeyama Radio Observatory. Although these masers were spatially resolved, their compact maser spots were fortunately detected in the 1000 km baselines of VERA. We found the locations of the v = 3 maser emission which are unexpected from the currently proposed maser pumping models. Mapping of the 29SiO maser line in W Hya is the third result after those in WX Psc and R Leo. This paper shows the scientific implication of simultaneous VLBI observations of multiple SiO maser lines as realized by using the OCTAVE system.
Asthma–chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome: a controversial concept
Authors: Rodrigo Gustavo J. , Neffen Hugo , Plaza Vicente 
Published: November 2016

Purpose of review
To illustrate the scant evidence and the shortcomings of the concept of ‘asthma-COPD overlap syndrome’ (ACOS) in terms of clinical utility.

Recent findings
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are considered as two distinct and heterogeneous diseases. For many years, physicians have been aware that asthma and COPD can coexist in some patients. Recently, the term ACOS has been applied when a person has clinical features of both asthma and COPD. However, the lack of an accurate diagnosis has led to inconsistent data regarding reported prevalence, prognosis and therapeutics. Even today, it has not been possible to establish a phenotypic characterization of ACOS, although it is part of the overall complexity and heterogeneity of COPDs. No high quality data exist on which to base treatment recommendations for ACOS. Consequently, in clinical practice, treatment is extrapolated from the available evidence on asthma and COPD.

Summary
The current concept of ACOS seems clinically irrelevant because it has no influence on the prognosis and treatment of these patients. The authors concluded that the term ACOS should be avoided in the case of patients with features of both asthma and COPD.
Pressure Pain Threshold and Anxiety in Adolescent Females With and Without Juvenile Fibromyalgia
Authors: King Christopher D. , Jastrowski Mano Kristen E. , Barnett Kimberly A. , Pfeiffer Megan , Ting Tracy V. , Kashikar-Zuck Susmita 
Published: November 2016

Objectives:
Reduced pain thresholds have been documented in adult fibromyalgia, but there are no quantitative studies of altered pain sensitivity in adolescents with juvenile fibromyalgia (JFM). The current study examined differences in pressure pain sensitivity between adolescent females with JFM and healthy controls. The relationship between levels of anxiety and pain were also examined.

Methods:
A total of 34 JFM (15.4±1.4 y old) and 31 controls (14.5±1.3 y old) completed self-report measures of pain and anxiety. Pressure pain threshold was assessed (palm and forehead sites) with a hand-held algometer. Participants indicated the first sensation of pain and then rated the intensity of pain on a Numerical Rating Scale.

Results:
Adolescents with JFM exhibited greater sensitivity to pressure pain compared with controls. While the difference between JFM and controls was only observed at the forehead, the intensity of pain produced by the pressure algometry at both sites was significantly higher in the JFM participants compared with controls. Correlations between clinical pain and anxiety were significant for the JFM group only. No relationships were observed between anxiety and pressure pain for either group.

Discussion:
This study is a first step toward investigating mechanisms of altered pain processing in adolescents with JFM. Adolescents with JFM were found be more sensitive to pressure pain than their healthy peers, which suggests a propensity for sensitization of peripheral and/or central nociceptive information often reported in adult fibromyalgia, and which does not appear to be affected by anxiety.
Chronic Pain and Obesity Within a Pediatric Interdisciplinary Pain Clinic Setting
Authors: Santos Melissa , Murtaugh Taylor , Pantaleao Ashley , Zempsky William T. , Guite Jessica W. 
Published: November 2016

Objectives:
Pediatric obesity and chronic pain are 2 of the most significant public health crises affecting youth today. Despite the high number of youth experiencing both chronic pain and obesity, little research has been done examining their relationship. This study aims to both replicate and extend this research base.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review of 99 patients presenting for evaluation in a pediatric pain clinic was conducted. Demographic information, including patient weight status, and self-report measures completed by both patients and their parents, including the Pain Frequency-Severity-Duration scale, the Functional Disability Inventory, and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale were examined.

Results:
Abdominal pain was the most frequently reported primary pain diagnosis category, with headache, diffuse musculoskeletal, localized musculoskeletal, and back pain categories reported from greatest to least frequency. Results show that 29% of our sample was obese. Age was related to weight status such that older children were more likely to have a higher body mass index. Among school-aged children, a higher body mass index percentile was associated with greater parent-reported pain catastrophizing. Obese youth had higher parent-reported Functional Disability Inventory scores than those in the normal weight group. Post hoc comparisons identified that this finding was only significant for girls. Further, obese youth were more likely to have a longer pain duration than those classified as normal weight.

Discussion:
The results of this study add to the growing literature regarding the importance of taking weight status into account when intervening with youth with chronic pain.
Comparison of Ultrasonography-guided Bilateral Intercostal Nerve Blocks and Conventional Patient-controlled Intravenous Analgesia for Pain Control After the Nuss Procedure in Children
Authors: Luo Mengqiang , Liu Xiaoming , Ning Li , Sun Yuan , Cai Ying , Shen Sai’e 
Published: November 2016

Objectives:
Patients experience severe pain after pectus excavatum (PE) surgery. The aim of this prospective, randomized study was to compare analgesic effects of ultrasonography-guided bilateral intercostal nerve blocks (UG-ICNBs) with those of conventional patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) on acute pain after the Nuss procedure for PE repair in children.

Methods:
A prospective randomized study was performed in children with PE who were scheduled for the Nuss procedure. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either UG-ICNBs or PCIA for postoperative analgesia. Faces Pain Scale-Revised scores, opioid consumption, analgesia-associated side effects (respiratory depression, pruritus, nausea, vomiting) during the first 24 hours, and lengths of stay in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) and hospital were recorded after the surgery.

Results:
Sixty-two children undergoing the Nuss procedure were enrolled in the trial. Faces Pain Scale-Revised scores were significantly decreased in the UG-ICNBs group compared with the PCIA group for up to 6 hours after surgery. The opioid doses required in the PACU and during the first 24 hours after surgery were significantly greater in the PCIA group compared with the UG-ICNBs group. Accordingly, patients in the UG-ICNBs group showed a lower incidence of analgesia-associated side effects and faster PACU discharge compared with the PCIA group.

Conclusions:
Our study suggests that UG-ICNBs might be more effective than PCIA for postoperative analgesia in children who undergo the Nuss procedure for PE.
Sex Life and Impact of Operative Intervention on Sex Life-related Pain in Degenerative Spinal Conditions
Authors: Horst Patrick K. , Khanna Krishn , Racine Linda , Theologis Alexander , Zhao Wenyan , Lurie Jon , Burch Shane 
Published: November 2016

Study Design.
This study is a therapeutic retrospective cohort study

Objectives.
This study aims to determine whether sexual function is relevant for patients with spinal stenosis (SPS) and degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS) and to determine the impact of operative inter vqAvention on sexual function for these patients.

Summary of Background Data.
The benefits of nonoperative versus operative treatment for patients with SPS and DS with regards to sexual function are unknown.

Methods.
Demographic, treatment, and follow-up data, including the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), were obtained on patients enrolled in the SPORT study. Based on the response to question #9 in the ODI, patients were classified into a sexual life relevant (SLR) or sexual life not relevant (NR) group. Univariate and multivariate analysis of patient characteristics comparing the NR and SLR group were performed. Operative treatment groups were compared to the nonoperative group with regards to response to ODI question #9 to determine the impact of surgery on sexual function.

Results.
A total of 1235 patients were included to determine relevance of sex life. Three hundred sixty-six patients (29%) were included in the NR group. Eight hundred sixty-nine patients (71%) were included in the SLR group. Patients that were older, female, unmarried, had three or more stenotic levels, and had central stenosis were more likely to be in the NR group. Eight hundred twenty-five patients were included in the analysis comparing operative versus nonoperative treatment. At all follow-up time points, the operative groups had a lower percentage of patients reporting pain with their sex life compared to the nonoperative group (P < 0.05 at all time points except between more than one level fusion and nonoperative at 4 years’ follow-up).

Conclusion.
Sex life is a relevant consideration for the majority of patients with DS and SPS; operative treatment leads to improved sex life-related pain.

Level of Evidence: 3
Reconstruction after Excision of Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Are Skin Grafts Better than Flaps?
Authors: Sugio Yuta , Tomita Koichi , Hosokawa Ko 
Published: November 2016

Summary:
After surgical excision of hidradenitis suppurativa, reconstruction with a skin graft or a flap is performed when primary closure is not possible. However, the recurrence rate is reportedly high even after wide surgical excision. It is still unclear which reconstruction method provides the lowest recurrence rate. In this report, we present a case of intractable hidradenitis suppurativa in the bilateral perineal region. After wide excision and repair with bilateral groin flaps, a unilateral groin flap was replaced with a split-thickness skin graft because of flap necrosis. Although the skin graft repair region has been recurrence free for 4 years postoperatively, other regions with flap repair showed recurrence 1 year postoperatively, leading to reexcision and repair with a split-thickness skin graft. The current case provides an opportunity to reconsider the optimal surgical strategy for hidradenitis suppurativa. Taking into consideration the fact that hair follicles and sweat glands are involved in the etiology of hidradenitis suppurativa, split-thickness skin grafting, which lack cutaneous appendages, may be superior to flap repair or primary closure in terms of recurrence.
Corneal Densitometry for Quantification of Corneal Deposits in Monoclonal Gammopathies
Authors: Enders Philip , Holtick Udo , Schaub Friederike , Tuchscherer Armin , Hermann Manuel M. , Scheid Christoph , Cursiefen Claus , Bachmann Björn O. 
Published: November 2016

Purpose:
To assess the capability of Scheimpflug-based densitometry of the cornea to quantify light chain deposits in patients with active monoclonal gammopathies.

Methods:
This is a case–control study in which data from a leading tertiary university center in myeloma care were analyzed. Ten eyes of 5 patients with monoclonal gammopathy and 26 eyes of 13 healthy controls undergoing clinical evaluation and Scheimpflug-based measurements were included in the study. The main outcome measures were densitometry data of the 4 corneal layers—anterior layer (AL), central layer (CL), posterior layer, and total layer (TL)—in 4 different annuli (central annular zone 0–2 mm, intermediate annular zone 2–6 mm, peripheral annular zone 6–10 mm, and total annular zone 0–12 mm).

Results:
In 8 eyes of 4 patients with IgG-based gammopathy, corneal light backscatter was highest in the AL and decreased with increasing corneal depth. The peripheral annular zone showed a higher densitometry value compared with the corneal center. Compared with healthy controls, the AL (P < 0.001), the CL (P < 0.001), and the TL (P < 0.001) had significantly higher corneal light backscatter in patients with gammopathy in the total and the peripheral annular zones. In one patient with predominantly IgA-based disease, corneal light backscatter was not elevated.

Conclusions:
Scheimpflug-based densitometry of the cornea is able to quantify opacification by immunoglobulin G light chain deposits in monoclonal gammopathies. This noninvasive technique can complement presently used in vivo confocal microscopy and corneal photography to objectivize corneal changes. Densitometry might allow monitoring of corneal immunoglobulin deposits in follow-up examinations.
Combined Ab Interno Glaucoma Surgery Does not Increase the Risk of Pseudophakic Cystoid Macular Edema in Uncomplicated Eyes
Authors: Schaub Friederike , Adler Werner , Koenig Meike C. , Enders Philip , Dietlein Thomas S. , Cursiefen Claus , Heindl Ludwig M. 
Published: November 2016

Purpose:
To assess the risk of pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME) following cataract surgery (bimanual phacoemulsification with posterior chamber lens implantation) combined with ab interno glaucoma surgery (trabecular aspiration or ab interno trabeculotomy) compared with solely cataract extraction.

Patients and Methods:
In total, 360 consecutive eyes of 180 patients with age-related cataract, and thereof 162 with coexistent glaucoma, who underwent sole cataract surgery or in combination with ab interno glaucoma surgery (trabecular aspiration or ab interno trabeculotomy) were compared retrospectively regarding PCME development. Patients with known risk factors of PCME were excluded. Macular examination was performed using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography before and at 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36, and 48 weeks after surgery. Main outcome measure was the incidence of PCME.

Results:
In total, 126 eyes (35%) underwent cataract surgery combined with ab interno glaucoma surgery (96 trabecular aspiration (76.2%), 30 ab interno trabeculotomy (23.8%), and 234 eyes (65%) received cataract surgery alone. PCME overall occurred in 23 eyes (6.4%). Following combined trabecular aspiration 5 eyes (5.2%) developed PCME, following ab interno trabeculotomy 2 eyes (6.7%), and following sole cataract surgery 16 eyes (6.8%), reaching no significant difference (P=0.676). Risk of PCME in fellow eye was significantly increased (P=0.025; odds ratio 7.177; 95% confidence interval, 5.667-8.687).

Conclusions:
Additional ab interno glaucoma surgery combined with phacoemulsification does not seem to increase the risk of PCME in uncomplicated eyes. However, in patients with history of PCME a significantly increased risk of PCME in fellow eye should be taken into account.
An update on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic idiopathic neutropenia
Authors: Dale David C. , Bolyard Audrey A. 
Published: November 2016

Purpose of review
Neutropenia lasting for at least for 3 months and not attributable to drugs or a specific genetic, infectious, inflammatory, autoimmune or malignant cause is called chronic idiopathic neutropenia (CIN). CIN and autoimmune neutropenia (AIN) are very similar and overlapping conditions. The clinical consequences depend upon the severity of neutropenia, but it is not considered a premalignant condition.

Recent findings
Long-term observational studies in children indicate that the disease often lasts for 3–5 years in children, then spontaneously remits, but it rarely remits in adult cases. The value of antineutrophil antibody testing in both children and adults is uncertain. Most recent data suggest that CIN and AIN are immune-mediated diseases, but there are no new clinical or genetic tests to aid in diagnosis. Treatment with granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is effective to increase blood neutrophils in almost all cases; this treatment is reserved, however, for patients with both neutropenia and evidence of recurrent fevers, inflammatory symptoms and infections. There is little or no evidence to indicate that G-CSF treatment predisposes to myeloid malignancies in this population.

Summary
It is important to recognize CIN and AIN, the most common causes of chronic neutropenia in both children and adults. If the neutropenia is not severe, that is more than 0.5 × 109/l, most patients can be observed and not treated prophylactically with antibiotics or a growth factor. When neutropenia is severe, treatment with G-CSF is often beneficial.
What is the evidence for genetics in chronic rhinosinusitis?
Authors: Yoo Frederick , Suh Jeffrey D. 
Published: November 2016

Purpose of review
To perform analysis of evidence in current literature on the topic of genetics and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), with a particular focus on recent findings in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR), genes associated with primary ciliary dyskinesia, and taste receptor T2R38. Other genes that have been found to have association with CRS are also presented and discussed.

Recent findings
Recent studies in CFTR and CRS research have investigated possible CFTR-potentiators for treatment of refractory CRS. The T2R38 gene has been shown to be applicable in the clinical setting with a testable phenotype and may have a role in the prognosis and influencing management strategies of CRS patients. Many genes of the immune system have been studied, with genome-wide association studies and candidate-gene approaches identifying new associations that will need replication and further elucidation.

Summary
CRS is a multifactorial disease, with strong evidence of a genetic component in its pathophysiology for some cases. Currently, there are over 70 genes that have been genetically associated with CRS in the past 15 years. Future investigations into genetic causes and predispositions of CRS may allow for improved prognostication and development of disease-prevention strategies as well as novel therapeutic targets.