bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of environmental factors in affecting macrophyte dominance in transitional environments: The Italian Lagoons as a study case
Authors: Sfriso Adriano , Buosi Alessandro , Facca Chiara , Sfriso Andrea A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractOne of the main challenges to facilitate the classification of water bodies is to identify direct relationships between anthropogenic pressures and the behavior of biological organisms such as macrophytes in different environments including transitional areas. The investigation of many lagoons and ponds described here shows that macrophyte variables and the community composition have strong and univocal relationships with ecological parameters that are a measure of anthropogenic pressure on the ecological status of water bodies. The areas surveyed represent about 78% of the Italian transitional waters (169 sites sampled both in spring and fall). Anthropogenic impacts affect the availability of nutrients in the water column and surface sediments, causing changes in water transparency and phytoplankton concentration (as chlorophyll‐a [Chl‐a]) that act as the main drivers of variation for macrophyte assemblages, changing species dominance and the conditions that govern their presence or absence. The response of macrophytes to anthropogenic pressure is quite similar in all the examined transitional environments, even when the basin morphology, species richness and composition are different. Some taxa and species assemblages are so sensitive to environmental changes that monitoring them can be considered the most suitable and rapid method for assessing the quality of the environment they inhabit.
Integrating phylogenetic and ecological distances reveals new insights into parasite host specificity
Authors: Clark Nicholas J. , Clegg Sonya M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe range of hosts a pathogen infects (host specificity) is a key element of disease risk that may be influenced by both shared phylogenetic history and shared ecological attributes of prospective hosts. Phylospecificity indices quantify host specificity in terms of host relatedness, but can fail to capture ecological attributes that increase susceptibility. For instance, similarity in habitat niche may expose phylogenetically unrelated host species to similar pathogen assemblages. Using a recently proposed method that integrates multiple distances, we assess the relative contributions of host phylogenetic and functional distances to pathogen host specificity (functional–phylogenetic host specificity). We apply this index to a data set of avian malaria parasite (Plasmodium and Haemoproteus spp.) infections from Melanesian birds to show that multihost parasites generally use hosts that are closely related, not hosts with similar habitat niches. We also show that host community phylogenetic ß‐diversity (Pßd) predicts parasite Pßd and that individual host species carry phylogenetically clustered Haemoproteus parasite assemblages. Our findings were robust to phylogenetic uncertainty, and suggest that phylogenetic ancestry of both hosts and parasites plays important roles in driving avian malaria host specificity and community assembly. However, restricting host specificity analyses to either recent or historical timescales identified notable exceptions, including a ‘habitat specialist’ parasite that infects a diversity of unrelated host species with similar habitat niches. This work highlights that integrating ecological and phylogenetic distances provides a powerful approach to better understand drivers of pathogen host specificity and community assembly.
The importance of being Ernest: a Comment on Riga and Hall
Authors: Meadwell Hudson 
Published: March 2017

AbstractErnest Gellner's work on nationalism continues to draw a mix of both admiration and criticism. In a recent article, Riga and Hall find fault with a new line of criticism of Gellner's theory of nationalism that I introduced in a series of articles in this journal. They claim that I have merely repeated a well‐known criticism of Gellner – that his work is functionalist. This would be convenient for their arguments if it were true. While I would agree, and have explicitly acknowledged, that there is nothing new in the charge of functionalism, I do not take a functionalist line on Gellner. Functionalism is not the issue. My work shows that his theory of nationalism is plagued with problems that have little or nothing to do with functionalism.
Assessing the colonic microbiome, hydrogenogenic and hydrogenotrophic genes, transit and breath methane in constipation
Authors: Wolf P. G. , Parthasarathy G. , Chen J. , O'Connor H. M. , Chia N. , Bharucha A. E. , Gaskins H. R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundDifferences in the gut microbiota and breath methane production have been observed in chronic constipation, but the relationship between colonic microbiota, transit, and breath tests remains unclear.MethodsIn 25 healthy and 25 constipated females we evaluated the sigmoid colonic mucosal and fecal microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, abundance of hydrogenogenic FeFe (FeFe‐hydA) and hydrogenotrophic (methyl coenzyme M reductase A [mrcA] and dissimilatory sulfite reductase A [dsrA]) genes with real‐time qPCR assays, breath hydrogen and methane levels after oral lactulose, and colonic transit with scintigraphy.Key ResultsBreath hydrogen and methane were not correlated with constipation, slow colon transit, or with abundance of corresponding genes. After adjusting for colonic transit, the abundance of FeFehydA, dsrA, and mcrA were greater (P<.005) in colonic mucosa, but not stool, of constipated patients. The abundance of the selected functional gene targets also correlated with that of selected taxa. The colonic mucosal abundance of FeFe‐hydA, but not mcrA, correlated positively (P<.05) with breath methane production, slow colonic transit, and overall microbiome composition. In the colonic mucosa and feces, the abundance of hydrogenogenic and hydrogenotrophic genes were positively correlated (P<.05). Breath methane production was not associated with constipation or colonic transit.Conclusions & InferencesCorroborating our earlier findings with 16S rRNA genes, colonic mucosal but not fecal hydrogenogenic and hydrogenotrophic genes were more abundant in constipated vs. healthy subjects independent of colonic transit. Breath gases do not directly reflect the abundance of target genes contributing to their production.
Drought × disease interaction in Eucalyptus globulus under Neofusicoccum eucalyptorum infection
Authors: Barradas C. , Pinto G. , Correia B. , Castro B.B. , Phillips A. J. L. , Alves A. 
Published: March 2017

Eucalyptus species are widely spread over the world, being extensively planted and exploited by industries. Drought and pathogens are known to affect the establishment and productivity of Eucalyptus plantations worldwide. The aim of this work was to evaluate the pathogenicity of Neofusicoccum eucalyptorum in drought‐stressed and well‐watered E. globulus plants. The effect of a previous drought priming step and the role of water status at the time of inoculation were evaluated. Lesion length, plant growth and physiological parameters (relative water content, water potential, photosynthetic pigments and lipid peroxidation) were determined. The results indicate that water‐stressed plants were more susceptible to N. eucalyptorum than non‐stressed ones. However, this response was particularly relevant when the plants were inoculated while water limitation was already occurring. Moreover, drought‐primed plants were slightly more resistant to fungal infection than the non‐primed ones. This study reinforces the importance of exploring drought × disease interaction in Eucalyptus and the underlying physiological responses involved in plant performance.
Long‐term viability of the northern anthracnose pathogen, Kabatiella caulivora, facilitates its transportation and spread
Authors: Barua P. , You M. P. , Bayliss K. L. , Lanoiselet V. , Barbetti M. J. 
Published: March 2017

The conidia and resting hyphae of the northern anthracnose pathogen of Trifolium species, Kabatiella caulivora, were effectively carried by, and maintained long‐term viability on, a range of materials, including metals, fabrics, woods and plastics. Conidia and hyphae became thick‐walled and melanized with time. There were significant (P < 0.001) differences in conidia/resting hyphae survival between carrier materials and between temperature regimes. At 23 °C/8 °C day/night, conidia and resting hyphae remained viable on steel, corrugated iron, galvanized steel, all tested fabrics, wood and random mixed materials for up to 8 months. At 36 °C/14 °C day/night, conidia and resting hyphae remained viable for up to 8 months, but only on cotton, denim, fleece, silk, leather, paper, plastic and all wood materials. At 45 °C/15 °C day/night, conidia and resting hyphae remained viable up to 8 months only on fleece wool, Eucalyptus marginata (jarrah wood) and paper. There were significant differences between carrier materials in their abilities to retain conidia and resting hyphae after washing (P < 0.001). Metabolic activity was confirmed for conidia and resting hyphae recovered after 8 months and K. caulivora colonies successfully re‐established on potato dextrose agar. Findings confirmed the critical importance of materials as long‐term carriers of viable K. caulivora conidia and resting hyphae, highlighting the potential for spread of a highly virulent K. caulivora race within and outside Australia via farming equipment, clothing and other associated materials. Results also have wider biosecurity implications for the transportation of fungal‐infested carrier materials previously considered as low risk.
Chilled and post‐thaw storage of sperm in different goldfish types
Authors: Bernáth G , Ittzés I , Szabó Z , Horváth Á , Krejszeff S , Lujić J , Várkonyi L , Urbányi B , Bokor Z 
Published: March 2017

ContentsThe effective storage time of sperm after stripping (for 48 hr in 6‐hr intervals) and after thawing (for 6 hr in 2‐hr intervals) in Black moor, Oranda and Calico goldfish types was investigated. Variations in sperm density were also measured in all lines. The efficiency of a sperm cryopreservation method formerly developed for common carp was recorded in all three goldfish lines. Motility parameters ((pMOT, %), curvilinear velocity (VCL, μm/s) and straightness (STR, %)) of Black moor sperm did not decrease significantly during 48 hr of storage. A significant reduction in the Oranda type compared to the fresh control was observed in pMOT after 42 (23 ± 2%) and VCL after 36 (94 ± 12 μm/s) hours (pMOT 84 ± 5%, VCL 150 ± 11 μm/s). In the Calico type, pMOT decreased significantly already after 18 (42 ± 26%) and VCL after 6 (105 ± 8 μm/s) hours (fresh: pMOT 92 ± 5%, VCL 151 ± 6 μm/s). A high pMOT immediately following thawing was measured in Oranda (46 ± 12%) and Calico (55 ± 15%) types, whereas a reduced pMOT was recorded in Black moor (24 ± 19%). In Calico, pMOT showed a significant reduction after 6 hr (19 ± 11%) in comparison with the initial value, with no changes observed in VCL and STR. None of the parameters changed in the Black moor and Oranda types. Evidence was found that different goldfish lines have different sperm quality and characteristics. Further studies can investigate the possible effects of chilled and post‐thaw storage on the fertilizing capacity of sperm in the Black moor, Oranda and Calico goldfish types.
The Impact of Cannabis Use Disorder on Suicidal and Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury in Iraq/Afghanistan‐Era Veterans with and without Mental Health Disorders
Authors: Kimbrel Nathan A. , Meyer Eric C. , DeBeer Bryann B. , Gulliver Suzy B. , Morissette Sandra B. 
Published: March 2017

The objective of this study was to assess the association between cannabis use disorder (CUD) and self‐injury among veterans. As expected, after adjusting for sex, age, sexual orientation, combat exposure, traumatic life events, traumatic brain injury, posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, alcohol use disorder, and noncannabis drug use disorder, CUD was significantly associated with both suicidal (OR = 3.10, p = .045) and nonsuicidal (OR = 5.12, p = .009) self‐injury. CUD was the only variable significantly associated with self‐injury in all three models examined. These findings are consistent with prior research among civilians and suggest that CUD may also increase veterans’ risk for self‐injurious behavior.
Acute effect of running exercise on physiological Achilles tendon blood flow
Authors: Risch L. , Cassel M. , Mayer F. 
Published: March 2017

Sonographically detectable intratendinous blood flow (IBF) is found in 50%–88% of Achilles tendinopathy patients as well as in up to 35% of asymptomatic Achilles tendons (AT). AlthoughIBFis frequently associated with tendon pathology, it may also represent a physiological regulation, for example, due to increased blood flow in response to exercise. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the acute effects of a standardized running exercise protocol onIBFassessed with Doppler ultrasound (DU) “Advanced dynamic flow” in healthyATs. 10 recreationally active adults (5 f, 5 m; 29±3 years, 1.72±0.12 m, 68±16 kg, physical activity 206±145 minute/wk) with no history ofATpain and inconspicious tendon structure performed 3 treadmill running tasks on separate days (M1‐3) withDUexaminations directly before and 5, 30, 60, and 120 minutes after exercise. At M1, an incremental exercise test was used to determine the individual anaerobic threshold (IAT). At M2 and M3, participants performed 30‐ minute submaximal constant load tests (CL1/CL2) with an intensity 5% belowIAT.IBFin each tendon was quantified by counting the number of vessels.IBFincreased in fiveATs from no vessels at baseline to one to four vessels solely detectable 5 minutes afterCL1orCL2. OneAThad persistingIBF(three vessels) throughout all examinations. FourteenATs revealed noIBFat all. Prolonged running led to a physiological, temporary appearance ofIBFin 25% of asymptomaticATs. To avoid exercise‐inducedIBFin clinical practice,DUexaminations should be performed after 30 minutes of rest.
Efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of simeprevir, daclatasvir, and ribavirin in patients with recurrent hepatitis C virus genotype 1b infection after orthotopic liver transplantation: The Phase II SATURN study
Authors: Forns Xavier , Berenguer Marina , Herzer Kerstin , Sterneck Martina , Donato Maria Francesca , Andreone Pietro , Fagiuoli Stefano , Cieciura Tomasz , Durlik Magdalena , Calleja Jose Luis , Mariño Zoe , Shukla Umesh , Verbinnen Thierry , Lenz Oliver , Ouwerkerk‐Mahadevan Sivi , Peeters Monika , Janssen Katrien , Kalmeijer Ronald , Jessner Wolfgang 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundRecurrent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection following liver transplantation is associated with accelerated progression to graft failure and reduced patient survival.MethodsThe Phase II, open‐label SATURN study (NCT01938625) investigated the combination of simeprevir (SMV), daclatasvir (DCV), and ribavirin (RBV) administered for 24 weeks in 35 patients with recurrent HCV genotype (GT) 1b infection after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).ResultsHigh rates of both on‐treatment and sustained virologic response 12 weeks after end of treatment (SVR12) were achieved in patients who were either treatment‐naïve or had failed post‐OLT treatment with peginterferon and RBV. Overall, 91% of patients (32/35) achieved SVR12. The combination was generally well tolerated, with an adverse event profile consistent with that observed in previous clinical trials of SMV or DCV separately. Co‐administration of SMV with cyclosporine resulted in significantly increased SMV plasma exposures, which was not the case with the co‐administration of SMV with tacrolimus. Therefore, the concomitant use of SMV with cyclosporine is not recommended.ConclusionThe interferon‐free combination of SMV, DCV, and RBV administered for 24 weeks was shown to be effective and well tolerated in the treatment of post‐OLT HCV GT1b‐infected patients.
The impact of providing blood to the scene of an accident on transfusion laboratory practice
Authors: Wolf S. , Morris J. , Kennedy K. , Lawn M. , Mcloughlin T. , Feane K. , Uprichard J. , Weaver A. , Allard S. , Green L. 
Published: March 2017

SUMMARYBackgroundHaemorrhage is the leading cause of mortality during trauma. In 2012, London's Air Ambulance introduced Blood on Board (BOB), transfusing group O red cells (RBC) to trauma patients at the scene.ObjectivesThis study assessed the impact of BOB on the number of mixed field samples received by the laboratory, the number of group O RBC transfused to non‐group O patients and the ratio of RBC to fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfused in the initial 24 h.MethodsThree major trauma centres collected data on patients for whom the major haemorrhage protocol was activated between August 2008 and February 2012 pre‐BOB and March 2012 and December 2013 post‐BOB.ResultsA total of 233 trauma patients were identified pre‐BOB and 119 post‐BOB. There was no significant difference in the percentage of group O units transfused to non‐group O patients (75 vs 82%, P = 0·21) or the RBC : FFP ratio (pre‐BOB mean 1·6 [interquartile range (IQR) 1·0–2·0]; post‐BOB mean 1·7 [IQR 1·1–2·2], P = 0·24). There was no significant difference in the percentage of mixed field samples received (23% vs 27%, P = 0·3).ConclusionThe introduction of BOB did not change the proportion of group O RBC transfused or the RBC : FFP ratio; however, the proportion of acceptable samples decreased. This is largely due to an increase in blood samples not received from the post‐BOB cohort, which we believe is probably due to patients who died at the scene. We have introduced robust systems to indicate reasons for not obtaining samples.
Inferring source attribution from a multiyear multisource data set of Salmonella in Minnesota
Authors: Ahlstrom C. , Muellner P. , Spencer S. E. F. , Hong S. , Saupe A. , Rovira A. , Hedberg C. , Perez A. , Muellner U. , Alvarez J. 
Published: March 2017

SummarySalmonella enterica is a global health concern because of its widespread association with foodborne illness. Bayesian models have been developed to attribute the burden of human salmonellosis to specific sources with the ultimate objective of prioritizing intervention strategies. Important considerations of source attribution models include the evaluation of the quality of input data, assessment of whether attribution results logically reflect the data trends and identification of patterns within the data that might explain the detailed contribution of different sources to the disease burden. Here, more than 12,000 non‐typhoidal Salmonella isolates from human, bovine, porcine, chicken and turkey sources that originated in Minnesota were analysed. A modified Bayesian source attribution model (available in a dedicated R package), accounting for non‐sampled sources of infection, attributed 4,672 human cases to sources assessed here. Most (60%) cases were attributed to chicken, although there was a spike in cases attributed to a non‐sampled source in the second half of the study period. Molecular epidemiological analysis methods were used to supplement risk modelling, and a visual attribution application was developed to facilitate data exploration and comprehension of the large multiyear data set assessed here. A large amount of within‐source diversity and low similarity between sources was observed, and visual exploration of data provided clues into variations driving the attribution modelling results. Results from this pillared approach provided first attribution estimates for Salmonella in Minnesota and offer an understanding of current data gaps as well as key pathogen population features, such as serotype frequency, similarity and diversity across the sources. Results here will be used to inform policy and management strategies ultimately intended to prevent and control Salmonella infection in the state.
Museum archives revisited: Central Asiatic hawkmoths reveal exceptionally high late Pliocene species diversification (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae)
Authors: Hundsdoerfer Anna K. , Päckert Martin , Kehlmaier Christian , Strutzenberger Patrick , Kitching Ian J. 
Published: March 2017

Three high‐elevation Hyles species of Central Asia have proven difficult to sample, and thus, only a limited number of specimens are available for study. Ancient DNA techniques were applied to sequence two mitochondrial genes from ‘historic’ museum specimens of Hyles gallii, Hyles renneri and Hyles salangensis to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships of these species. This approach enabled us to include the holotypes and paratypes. The status of H. salangensis as a species endemic to a mountain range north of Kabul in Afghanistan is confirmed by this study. It is most closely related to Hyles nicaea and H. gallii, and quite distant from the clade comprising the species from Hyles vespertilio to Hyles tithymali, despite this group and H. salangensis both completely lacking an arolium on the pretarsus. Our results show that the samples assigned to H. renneri and Hyles livornica tatsienluica are conspecific and so we reinstate Hyles tatsienluica stat. nov. as the valid name for this species and synonymize H. renneri syn. nov. with it. This study shows that the distribution range postulated for H. tatsienluica extends from Nepal well into the mountains of south‐western China. The distribution ranges of H. livornica and H. tatsienluica overlap. The study confirms the previously proposed synonymies of Hyles nepalensis, Hyles gallii intermedia and Hyles gallii tibetanica with H. gallii. Extensive species sampling (over 80% of Hyles species) in this study allowed additional analyses. The dated phylogeny reveals the global Hyles hawkmoth radiation to be much more recent than previously thought: it began in the Late Miocene and culminated in a Pleistocene burst of diversification in the Northern Hemisphere. Ancestral ranges of basal nodes were reconstructed as highly equivocal, but the Neotropics has the highest probability in the two oldest nodes. Although the origins of the Madagascan and Australian species also remain ambiguous, a large crown clade of fifteen species was reconstructed to have originated in the Palaearctic. The wide distribution ranges of the two migratory species, H. livornica and H. gallii, appear to blur any traces of the biogeographic origin of the clades containing these species. Specialization in larval host plant use onto particular plant families from the ancestral condition ‘polyphagous’ may have led to an increased rate of speciation and phylogenetic diversification in three subgroups of Hyles (the Hawaiian clade, the Hyles centralasiae group and the Hyles euphorbiae complex).