bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short‐term recovery of humpback whales after percutaneous satellite tagging
Authors: Guzman Hector M. , Capella Juan J. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTLong‐term re‐sightings of individuals used in satellite telemetry research are important for determining the effects of tagging on large whales. We evaluated the initial behavioral response, healing process, and short‐term reproductive behavior and success of 7 percutaneous‐tagged humpback whales (4 M, 3 F) monitored for 4–10 years in the feeding ground of the Magellan Strait, Chile. We took post‐tagging photographs incidentally every year during re‐sighting expeditions. We did not observe an initial reaction to tagging or sudden change in behavior or direction of movement. Two of the females had 3 and 2 calves before tagging, and one of them had 2 calves every 3 years after tagging. Post‐tagging annual site fidelity remained nearly 100%. We did not observe initial tag protrusion in any individual. Four whales (57%) showed no signs of initial tissue damage shortly after tagging; we observed tissue shedding in 2 individuals, and traces of blood on 1 whale. Complete wound healing apparently occurred in all individuals within the first 2 years after tagging, and 5 of them showed no scars 3–6 years later. Four individuals showed small to medium (<5 cm) tumor‐like lumps for several years after tagging, but some were undistinguishable from other natural lumps (e.g., barnacles) observed near the tag injury. Overall, tagging did not seem to affect reproductive success or the behavior of individuals during and immediately after tagging. The development of new technologies always can pose a risk to animal welfare, thus studies such as this one are important for carefully evaluating the effects of tagging on whales. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Goal‐oriented adaptivity for linear elastic micromorphic continua based on primal and adjoint consistency analysis
Authors: Ju X. , Mahnken R. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryMicroscopic considerations are drawing increasing attention for modern simulation techniques. Micromorphic continuum theories, considering micro degrees of freedom, are usually adopted for simulation of localization effects like shear bands. The increased number of degrees of freedom clearly motivates an application of adaptive methods. In this work, the adaptive FEM is tailored for micromorphic elasticity. The proposed adaptive procedure is driven by a goal‐oriented a posteriori error estimator based on duality techniques. For efficient computation of the dual solution, a patch‐based recovery technique is proposed and compared to a reference approach. In order to theoretically ensure optimal convergence order of the proposed adaptive procedure, adjoint consistency of the FE‐discretized solution for the linear elastic micromorphic continua is shown. For illustration, numerical examples are provided. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temporally robust models for predicting seed yield of moist‐soil plants
Authors: Osborn Joshua M. , Hagy Heath M. , McClanahan Matthew D. , Gray Matthew J. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTRapid assessment of food production and subsequent availability is fundamental to evaluating wetland management practices and general habitat quality for waterfowl. Traditional methods of estimating food biomass (e.g., plot and core sampling) require considerable time, expertise, and cost. Rapid assessment models using plant measurements or scanned seed‐head area have recently been adapted to predict seed production in moist‐soil wetlands. We evaluated existing models of seed production and estimated benthic seed density with data collected during autumn 2011 in western Tennessee, USA, to improve prediction capability of seed availability for waterfowl. Generally, all models explained significant variation (r2 = 0.85–0.98) and accurately predicted seed production in moist‐soil plants (r2 = 0.84–0.97). Belowground proportions of seed biomass and duck energy days differed across species relative to previously reported biomass estimates in moist‐soil wetlands ( = 0.4–9.1%); thus, production estimates from models should be adjusted on a species‐specific basis and the effect of belowground seeds on overall energetic carrying capacity estimates will vary with species composition of wetlands. We recommend use of updated most‐soil rapid‐assessment models incorporating seed bank estimates to predict waterfowl food availability and evaluate management practices. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Agent‐based modeling may help to merge research traditions in foraging ecology in Europe and North America
Authors: Guillemain Matthieu , Elmberg Johan , Pernollet Claire A. , Arzel Celine , Eadie John M. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTAlthough ducks have long been popular research subjects in both North America and Europe, geographical divergences in research orientation have developed during the past several decades for studying foraging ecology. In North America, foraging studies largely focused on the population level with an emphasis on foraging energetics aimed at improving waterfowl production through increased carrying capacity of wetlands in breeding areas, an approach later expanded to nonbreeding grounds. In Europe, studies have instead focused on inter‐individual differences in behavior of foraging ducks, with an emphasis on individual efficiency (e.g., methods, intake rate, patch choice) within the framework of optimal foraging theory. We suggest that agent‐based models (also termed individual‐based behavior models), which aim to predict habitat use from the heterogeneous behavior of different individual agents, can help to unify these approaches and would benefit considerably from increased collaboration and integration of the approaches of both North American and European researchers. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
The role of domestic cats in the admission of injured wildlife at rehabilitation and rescue centers
Authors: Loyd Kerrie Anne T. , Hernandez Sonia M. , McRuer David L. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTWe reviewed data collected from 82 wildlife rehabilitation centers throughout North America (the WILD‐ONe database) during a 3.5‐year period to determine common causes of admission and disposition of animals. We found domestic pets to be responsible for 14% of admissions and the second most common identifiable cause of wildlife injury. Greater numbers of birds than reptiles, amphibians, or mammals were admitted for rehabilitation as a result of attacks by domestic cat (Felis catus) attack; 78% of these did not survive. The majority of immature individual animals of all species submitted because of cat attacks also died or had to be euthanized because of the severity of injuries. Eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus), American robin (Turdus migratorius), and eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) were the species most commonly affected by domestic cats, but roaming cats injured thousands of animals representing 290 different species. Species common in urban and suburban environments are most vulnerable to domestic cat attack. In contrast to other studies that quantify only the mortality of wildlife, we found that domestic cat predation leads to severe injuries and extensive recovery for wildlife. We hope the baseline information offered by our analysis of the WILD‐ONe database will inspire discussion by urban–suburban communities and ultimately, result in management actions to reduce wild animal injuries and losses due to domestic pets. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Estimation of deer damage to soybean production in eastern Mississippi: Perception versus reality
Authors: Hinton G. Caleb , Strickland Bronson K. , Demarais Stephen , Eubank Thomas W. , Jones Phillip D. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTSoybean (Glycine max) is one of Mississippi's most profitable agricultural crops. White‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) consume soybeans each year because of the palatability and nutritional content of the plant and may cause economic damage to soybean producers. We estimated the amount of damage (browsing and loss of yield) caused by deer within 5 soybean fields in eastern Mississippi, USA, and compared damage with the number of deer using each field during the 2012 and 2013 growing seasons. Although deer browsing did reduce soybean height, soybean yield was unaffected during both years of our study. Our results suggest that perception of deer damage likely exceeds actual yield loss. Other environmental factors, such as competition from field border vegetation and field margin effects, may better explain spatial variation in soybean yield throughout fields. Soybean growers in the southeastern United States may benefit from targeting investment in deer damage control more efficiently. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Gas Chromatographic Separation and Identification of Jacaric and Punicic 2‐Ethyl‐1‐Hexyl Esters
Authors: Pojjanapornpun Siriluck , Aryusuk Kornkanok , Jeyashoke Narumon , Lilitchan Supathra , Krisnangkura Kanit 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe present study demonstrates the separation of a critical pair of conjugated linolenic acid (CLN) isomers—jacaric acid (JA; c8, t10, c12‐18:3) and punicic acid (PA; c9, t11, c13‐18:3)—on a 60‐m conventional Supelcowax 10 column. The alkyl esters of different alcohols (C1–C8) of JA and PA were prepared and analyzed isothermally at 220, 230 and 240 °C. The adequacy of their separation was determined from the separation factors (α) and peak resolutions (Rs). Acceptable resolution (Rs = 1.01) of JA and PA was obtained with their 2‐ethyl‐1‐hexyl ester derivatives at a column temperature of 230 °C. In addition, the Gibbs energy of transfer from solution to gas of the three double bonds ) could be used to describe the interactions of the double bond with the stationary phase. Characterization of 2‐ethyl‐1‐hexyl esters of Jacaranda mimosifolia seed oil at 230 °C demonstrates that the oil contains JA and α‐ and β‐calendic acid as a CLN without the presence of PA. The results suggested that JA could be resolved from PA on a 60‐m Supelcowax 10 column as the ethyl hexyl ester.
Enzymatic Interesterification of Coconut and High Oleic Sunflower Oils for Edible Film Application
Authors: Moore Maria A. , Akoh Casimir C. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBlends [60:40, 70:30, and 80:20 (w/w)] of coconut oil (CO) and high oleic sunflower oil (HOSO) were interesterified using immobilized enzyme, Lipozyme® TL IM (Novozymes North America Inc., Franklinton, NC, USA). The structured lipids (SLs), referred to as interesterified products (IPs) IP60:40, IP70:30, and IP80:20, were compared to CO and HOSO for application in edible films. IPs were compared based on fatty acid profile, TAG molecular species, melting profile, moisture vapor permeability, mechanical properties, film transparency, density, and thickness. Interesterification increased oleic acid content at the sn‐2 position of IPs. CO had 5.50 ± 1.67 mol% oleic acid at the sn‐2 position, and when interesterified with HOSO (92.81 ± 1.10 mol% oleic acid) the amount of oleic acid significantly increased (p < 0.05) at the sn‐2 position for IP60:40, IP70:30, and IP80:20 (33.86 ± 1.55, 27.34 ± 1.20, 20.61 ± 1.50 mol%), respectively. There was no significant difference between SLs, HOSO, and CO for water vapor permeability and density when applied to emulsion edible films. The HOSO film was significantly different (1.43 ± 0.27 AUmm−1) from the rest of the SLs and CO for film transparency. IP60:40 (2.20 ± 0.22 AUmm−1) decreased the opacity and was significantly different from HOSO and IP80:20 (2.88 ± 0.08 AUmm−1). Tensile strength of IP60:40 was 0.39 ± 0.17 MPa which was significantly different from IP70:30, IP80:20, and HOSO. The elongation at break was significantly different for HOSO and IP60:40. IP60:40 could be used to further investigate the use of SL in edible film for sports nutrition products.
Phage engineering: how advances in molecular biology and synthetic biology are being utilized to enhance the therapeutic potential of bacteriophages
Authors: Brown Russell , Lengeling Andreas , Wang Baojun 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundThe therapeutic potential of bacteriophages has been debated since their first isolation and characterisation in the early 20th century. However, a lack of consistency in application and observed efficacy during their early use meant that upon the discovery of antibiotic compounds research in the field of phage therapy quickly slowed. The rise of antibiotic resistance in bacteria and improvements in our abilities to modify and manipulate DNA, especially in the context of small viral genomes, has led to a recent resurgence of interest in utilising phage as antimicrobial therapeutics.ResultsIn this article a number of results from the literature that have aimed to address key issues regarding the utility and efficacy of phage as antimicrobial therapeutics utilising molecular biology and synthetic biology approaches will be introduced and discussed, giving a general view of the recent progress in the field.ConclusionsAdvances in molecular biology and synthetic biology have enabled rapid progress in the field of phage engineering, with this article highlighting a number of promising strategies developed to optimise phages for the treatment of bacterial disease. Whilst many of the same issues that have historically limited the use of phages as therapeutics still exist, these modifications, or combinations thereof, may form a basis upon which future advances can be built. A focus on rigorous in vivo testing and investment in clinical trials for promising candidate phages may be required for the field to truly mature, but there is renewed hope that the potential benefits of phage therapy may finally be realised.
Antibiotic treatment at delivery shapes the initial oral microbiome in neonates
Authors: Gomez-Arango Luisa F. , Barrett Helen L. , McIntyre H. David. , Callaway Leonie K. , Morrison Mark , Dekker Nitert Marloes 
Published: March 2017

AbstractOral microorganisms are important determinants of health and disease. The source of the initial neonatal microbiome and the factors dictating initial human oral microbiota development are unknown. This study aimed to investigate this in placental, oral and gut microbiome profiles from 36 overweight or obese mother-baby dyads as determined by 16S rRNA sequencing. Expression of five antibiotic resistance genes of the β-lactamase class was analysed in the infant oral microbiota samples by QPCR. The neonatal oral microbiota was 65.35% of maternal oral, 3.09% of placental, 31.56% of unknown and 0% of maternal gut origin. Two distinct neonatal oral microbiota profiles were observed: one strongly resembling the maternal oral microbiota and one with less similarity. Maternal exposure to intrapartum antibiotics explained the segregation of the profiles. Families belonging to Proteobacteria were abundant after antibiotics exposure while the familiesStreptococcaceae, GemellaceaeandLactobacillalesdominated in unexposed neonates. 26% of exposed neonates expressed theVim-1antibiotic resistance gene. These findings indicate that maternal intrapartum antibiotic treatment is a key regulator of the initial neonatal oral microbiome.
Genetic ablation of GINIP-expressing primary sensory neurons strongly impairs Formalin-evoked pain
Authors: Urien Louise , Gaillard Stéphane , Lo Re Laure , Malapert Pascale , Bohic Manon , Reynders Ana , Moqrich Aziz 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPrimary sensory neurons are heterogeneous by myriad of molecular criteria. However, the functional significance of this remarkable heterogeneity is just emerging. We precedently described the GINIP+ neurons as a new subpopulation of non peptidergic C-fibers encompassing the free nerve ending cutaneous MRGPRD+ neurons and C-LTMRs. Using our recently generated ginip mouse model, we have been able to selectively ablate the GINIP+ neurons and assess their functional role in the somatosensation. We found that ablation of GINIP+ neurons affected neither the molecular contents nor the central projections of the spared neurons. GINIP-DTR mice exhibited impaired sensation to gentle mechanical stimuli applied to their hairy skin and had normal responses to noxious mechanical stimuli applied to their glabrous skin, under acute and injury-induced conditions. Importantly, loss of GINIP+ neurons significantly altered formalin-evoked first pain and drastically suppressed the second pain response. Given that MRGPRD+ neurons have been shown to be dispensable for formalin-evoked pain, our study suggest that C-LTMRs play a critical role in the modulation of formalin-evoked pain.
Serum midkine as a surrogate biomarker for metastatic prediction in differentiated thyroid cancer patients with positive thyroglobulin antibody
Authors: Jia Qiang , Meng Zhaowei , Xu Ke , He Xianghui , Tan Jian , Zhang Guizhi , Li Xue , Liu Na , Hu Tianpeng , Zhou Pingping , Wang Sen , Upadhyaya Arun , Liu Xiaoxia , Wang Huiying , Zhang Chunmei 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSerum thyroglobulin (Tg) is the main post-operative tumor biomarker for patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). However, the presence of thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) can interfere with Tg level and invalidate the test. In this study, we aimed to investigate the predicative value of midkine (MK) as a cancer biomarker for DTC patients with positive TgAb before the first 131I therapy. MK levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 151 recruited DTC patients after exercising strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. There were 28 TgAb positive DTC patients with metastases and 123 DTC patients without metastases. The value of pre-131I-ablative MK to predict metastasis was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves in these two groups of patients. MK levels in the TgAb positive DTC patients were significantly higher than the DTC patients without metastases. ROC showed good predictability of MK, with an area under the curve of 0.856 (P < 0.001), and a diagnostic accuracy of 83% at the optimal cut-off value of 550 pg/ml. In conclusion, we show that MK can potentially be used as a surrogate biomarker for predicting DTC metastases when Tg is not suitable due to TgAb positivity.
Association of High Risk Human Papillomavirus and Breast cancer: A UK based Study
Authors: Salman Nadia Aziz , Davies Giles , Majidy Farida , Shakir Fatima , Akinrinade Hilda , Perumal Dhayaneethie , Ashrafi G. Hossein 
Published: March 2017

AbstractInfection by human papillomaviruses (HPVs) has been implicated in the aetiology of a variety of cancers. Studies evaluating the presence of HPVs in breast cancer (BC) have generated considerable controversy. To date, most studies have focused on the presence of viral DNA in BC; however there are important gaps in evidencing the role of HPV persistence in the invasiveness of BC. While these studies have been conducted in several countries, none, on the presence and biological activity of high risk (HR) HPV in BC has been done in the UK. Hence, we aimed to investigate these gaps by screening a total of 110 fresh breast tissue specimens from UK patients for the presence of twelve HR-HPV types DNA using PCR and Sanger sequencing. Samples positive for HPV-DNA were screened for viral oncoprotein expression using western blot and dot blot. Data obtained showed the presence of HR-HPVs in 42% of breast tissues of which the viral activity was only confirmed in a number of invasive carcinomas (5/26). This finding, the first to report in the UK, suggests that the selective expression of viral oncoprotein in invasive cases may propose a role for HR-HPVs in the development of some types of BC.
Inflammation-induced miRNA-155 inhibits self-renewal of neural stem cells via suppression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) expression
Authors: Obora Kayoko , Onodera Yuta , Takehara Toshiyuki , Frampton John , Hasei Joe , Ozaki Toshifumi , Teramura Takeshi , Fukuda Kanji 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntracerebral inflammation resulting from injury or disease is implicated in disruption of neural regeneration and may lead to irreversible neuronal dysfunction. Analysis of inflammation-related microRNA profiles in various tissues, including the brain, has identified miR-155 among the most prominent miRNAs linked to inflammation. Here, we hypothesize that miR-155 mediates inflammation-induced suppression of neural stem cell (NSC) self-renewal. Using primary mouse NSCs and human NSCs derived from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, we demonstrate that three important genes involved in NSC self-renewal (Msi1, Hes1 and Bmi1) are suppressed by miR-155. We also demonstrate that suppression of self-renewal genes is mediated by the common transcription factor C/EBPβ, which is a direct target of miR-155. Our study describes an axis linking inflammation and miR-155 to expression of genes related to NSC self-renewal, suggesting that regulation of miR-155 may hold potential as a novel therapeutic strategy for treating neuroinflammatory diseases.
Three ports microstrip patch antenna with dual linear and linear co‐polarisation characteristics
Authors: Nawaz H. , Tekin I. 
Published: March 2017

In this Letter, three ports proximity coupled microstrip patch antenna with linear co‐polarisation and linear dual polarisation characteristics has been presented for in‐band full duplex and active antenna applications. Depending upon the excitation ports, antenna can perform transmit and receive operation either with dual linear polarisation or linear co‐polarisation at same carrier frequency with dc isolated ports in both cases. It provides >10 dB interport isolation with linear co‐polarisation when compared with around 2.5 dB port‐to‐port isolation of simple linear co‐polarised antenna with two anti‐parallel feeds. With dual polarisation, interport isolation is >43 dB at centre frequency when compared with 36 dB port isolation provided by dual polarised antenna with two orthogonal feeds. Proposed antenna has been implemented on FR4 substrate to compare its simulated and measured input matching and port‐to‐port isolation performances.
Fast‐transient high‐performance 0.18 μm CMOS LDO for battery‐powered systems
Authors: Pérez‐Bailón J. , Márquez A. , Calvo B. , Medrano N. , Martínez P.A. 
Published: March 2017

A low‐power 0.18 µm CMOS capacitor‐less low‐dropout voltage regulator for battery‐operated portable devices is presented. A high‐gain telescopic cascode‐compensated amplifier is used to attain a stable topology with good static performances, while a very simple dynamic biasing circuit significantly enhances transient performances with no quiescent current penalty. Post‐layout results show a 1.8 V output voltage from a 3.6 to 1.9 V battery input voltage, delivering a 50 mA load current over a 100 pF load. The quiescent current is only 7 µA, the line and load regulations are, respectively, 0.039 mV/V and 0.17 mV/mA, and settling times are lower than 3.9 µs at full load transient.
Investigation on photonic crystal based all‐optical clocked D‐flip flop
Authors: Shaik Enaul haq , Rangaswamy Nakkeeran 
Published: March 2017

In this study, the authors propose a photonic crystal‐based clocked D‐flip flop using multi‐mode interference (MMI). A central MMI waveguide is created for the interference of the input light and ports are placed at both input and output ends of it. The proposed structure is resulted with a contrast ratio (CR) of 9.63 and 5.84 dB at the outputs Q and with a response time or delay of less than 0.29 ps. Furthermore, the input and output waveguides are extended with sharp and smooth bend waveguides, respectively, in order to increase the delay of the structure as the delayed output is one of the main objectives of D‐flip flop. The modified D‐flip flop structure is operated with a delay of more than twofold of the basic structure by maintaining nearly the same CR at the output. The compactness and the fair simulation results of the proposed structure show that it is quite suitable to be a part of photonic integrated circuit.