bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current Account Reversals in Industrial Countries: does the Exchange Rate Regime Matter?
Authors: Pancaro Cosimo , Saborowski Christian 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis paper studies current account reversals in industrial countries across different exchange rate regimes. There are two major findings which have important implications for industrial economies with external imbalances: first, triggers of current account reversals differ between exchange rate regimes. While the current account deficit and the output gap are significant predictors of reversals across all regimes, reserve coverage, credit booms, openness to trade and the US short term interest rate determine the likelihood of reversals only under more rigid regimes. Conversely, the real exchange rate affects the probability of experiencing a reversal only under flexible arrangements. Second, current account reversals in advanced economies do not have an independent effect on growth. This result holds not only for industrial economies in general but also for countries with fixed exchange rate regimes in particular. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel human intervertebral disc strain template to quantify regional three‐dimensional strains in a population and compare to internal strains predicted by a finite element model
Authors: Showalter Brent L. , DeLucca John F. , Peloquin John M. , Cortes Daniel H. , Yoder Jonathon H. , Jacobs Nathan T. , Wright Alexander C. , Gee James C. , Vresilovic Edward J. , Elliott Dawn M. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTTissue strain is an important indicator of mechanical function, but is difficult to noninvasively measure in the intervertebral disc. The objective of this study was to generate a disc strain template, a 3D average of disc strain, of a group of human L4–L5 discs loaded in axial compression. To do so, magnetic resonance images of uncompressed discs were used to create an average disc shape. Next, the strain tensors were calculated pixel‐wise by using a previously developed registration algorithm. Individual disc strain tensor components were then transformed to the template space and averaged to create the disc strain template. The strain template reduced individual variability while highlighting group trends. For example, higher axial and circumferential strains were present in the lateral and posterolateral regions of the disc, which may lead to annular tears. This quantification of group‐level trends in local 3D strain is a significant step forward in the study of disc biomechanics. These trends were compared to a finite element model that had been previously validated against the disc‐level mechanical response. Depending on the strain component, 81–99% of the regions within the finite element model had calculated strains within one standard deviation of the template strain results. The template creation technique provides a new measurement technique useful for a wide range of studies, including more complex loading conditions, the effect of disc pathologies and degeneration, damage mechanisms, and design and evaluation of treatments. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1264–1273, 2016.
Holocene freshwater wetland and mangrove dynamics in the eastern Kimberley, Australia
Authors: Proske Ulrike 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTIn 1990, the freshwater wetlands and mangroves near Wyndham, north‐west Australia, were Ramsar‐listed due to their ecological importance. To understand wetland formation and stability over time, two sediment cores from the King River and one from the Parry Lagoons wetlands were analysed using sedimentological and palynological techniques. During postglacial sea‐level rise, mangroves extended across all sites and were supported by enhanced freshwater input. Between 7.4 and 6.3k cal a BP the mangrove forest contracted, probably driven by sea‐level stabilization, and hypersaline mudflats, reflecting the onset of drier climatic conditions, developed along the King River. After 6.3k cal a BP mangrove diversity declined, probably linked to peak dryness around 4k cal a BP. The Parry Lagoons wetlands are at least approx. 600 years old and their development is probably related to an increase in effective precipitation since approx. 1k cal a BP. The region's mangroves could be considered relatively stable under changing climate as they are still present today, although reduced in biodiversity and areal extent. The early phases of development of the Parry Lagoons freshwater systems cannot be resolved but given the character of these wetlands, freshwater input appears to be the vital driver of ecosystem functioning.
Predictors of costs associated with radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: A population‐based retrospective cohort study in the province of Quebec, Canada
Authors: Santos Fabiano , Dragomir Alice , Zakaria Ahmed S. , Kassouf Wassim , Aprikian Armen 
Published: December 2015

Background and ObjectivesThere is paucity of studies on the predictors of bladder cancer (BC) management costs. We aimed to determine predictors of costs associated with radical cystectomy (RC) for BC.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis in a cohort of 2,759 patients who underwent RC for BC between 2000 and 2009. We analyzed predictors of pre‐surgery, RC, post‐surgery, and total costs. The following variables were considered as potential predictors: age, gender, hospital/surgeon case load, academic hospital, and geo‐administrative region. Multivariate linear regression was used to determine predictors.ResultsPredictors of pre‐surgery costs were: age (β = 808.64, P < 0.0001) and having surgery in an academic hospital (β = 511.42, P = 0.003). Increased RC costs were associated with age (β = 196.73, P = 0.0006), hospital/surgeon annual load (β = 484.45 and β = 254.21, P < 0.0001, respectively). Having surgery in academic hospitals and geographic region were significant predictors of low RC costs (β = −1085.82 and β = −449.31, P < 0.0001, respectively). Increasing age and the presence of post‐operative complications were predictors of high post‐operative costs (β = 623.48, β = 5781.44, P = 0.01, respectively), while hospital load was associated with low post‐surgery costs (β = −949.79, P < 0.0001).ConclusionPatients’ age and surgery performed by high‐volume health providers were predictive factors of high RC costs. Low RC costs were associated with surgeries performed in academic hospitals. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:223–228. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Zero TEMR bone imaging in the head
Authors: Wiesinger Florian , Sacolick Laura I. , Menini Anne , Kaushik Sandeep S. , Ahn Sangtae , Veit‐Haibach Patrick , Delso Gaspar , Shanbhag Dattesh D. 
Published: December 2015

PurposeTo investigate proton density (PD)‐weighted zero TE (ZT) imaging for morphological depiction and segmentation of cranial bone structures.MethodsA rotating ultra‐fast imaging sequence (RUFIS) type ZT pulse sequence was developed and optimized for 1) efficient capture of short T2 bone signals and 2) flat PD response for soft‐tissues. An inverse logarithmic image scaling (i.e., −log(image)) was used to highlight bone and differentiate it from surrounding soft‐tissue and air. Furthermore, a histogram‐based bias‐correction method was developed for subsequent threshold‐based air, soft‐tissue, and bone segmentation.ResultsPD‐weighted ZT imaging in combination with an inverse logarithmic scaling was found to provide excellent depiction of cranial bone structures. In combination with bias correction, also excellent segmentation results were achieved. A two‐dimensional histogram analysis demonstrates a strong, approximately linear correlation between inverse log‐scaled ZT and low‐dose CT for Hounsfield units (HU) between −300 HU and 1,500 HU (corresponding to soft‐tissue and bone).ConclusionsPD‐weighted ZT imaging provides robust and efficient depiction of bone structures in the head, with an excellent contrast between air, soft‐tissue, and bone. Besides structural bone imaging, the presented method is expected to be of relevance for attenuation correction in positron emission tomography (PET)/MR and MR‐based radiation therapy planning. Magn Reson Med 75:107–114, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Low‐grade inflammatory polarization of monocytes impairs wound healing
Authors: Yuan Ruoxi , Geng Shuo , Chen Keqiang , Diao Na , Chu Hong Wei , Li Liwu 
Published: December 2015

AbstractImpaired wound healing often accompanies low‐grade inflammatory conditions, during which circulating levels of subclinical super‐low‐dose endotoxin may persist. Low‐grade inflammatory monocyte polarization may occur during chronic inflammation and deter effective wound repair. However, little is understood about the potential mechanisms of monocyte polarization by sustained insult of subclinical super‐low‐dose endotoxin. We observed that super‐low‐dose endotoxin preferentially programmes a low‐grade inflammatory monocyte state in vitro and in vivo, as represented by the elevated population of CD11b+ Ly6Chigh monocytes and sustained expression of CCR5. Mechanistically, super‐low‐dose endotoxin caused cellular stress, altered lysosome function and increased the transcription factor IRF5. TUDCA, a potent inhibitor of cellular stress, effectively blocked monocyte polarization and improved wound healing in mice injected with super‐low‐dose endotoxin. Our data revealed the polarization of low‐grade inflammatory monocytes by sustained endotoxin challenge, its underlying mechanisms and a potential intervention strategy. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RECQL4 helicase has oncogenic potential in sporadic breast cancers
Authors: Arora Arvind , Agarwal Devika , Abdel‐Fatah Tarek MA , Lu Huiming , Croteau Deborah L , Moseley Paul , Aleskandarany Mohammed A , Green Andrew R , Ball Graham , Rakha Emad A , Chan Stephen YT , Ellis Ian O , Wang Lisa L , Zhao Yongliang , Balajee Adayabalam S , Bohr Vilhelm A , Madhusudan Srinivasan 
Published: December 2015

AbstractRECQL4 helicase is a molecular motor that unwinds DNA, a process essential during DNA replication and DNA repair. Germ‐line mutations in RECQL4 cause type II Rothmund–Thomson syndrome (RTS), characterized by a premature ageing phenotype and cancer predisposition. RECQL4 is widely considered to be a tumour suppressor, although its role in human breast cancer is largely unknown. As the RECQL4 gene is localized to chromosome 8q24, a site frequently amplified in sporadic breast cancers, we hypothesized that it may play an oncogenic role in breast tumourigenesis. To address this, we analysed large cohorts for gene copy number changes (n = 1977), mRNA expression (n = 1977) and protein level (n = 1902). Breast cancer incidence was also explored in 58 patients with type II RTS. DNA replication dynamics and chemosensitivity was evaluated in RECQL4‐depleted breast cancer cells in vitro. Amplification or gain in gene copy number (30.6%), high‐level mRNA expression (51%) and high levels of protein (23%) significantly associated with aggressive tumour behaviour, including lymph node positivity, larger tumour size, HER2 overexpression, ER‐negativity, triple‐negative phenotypes and poor survival. RECQL4 depletion impaired the DNA replication rate and increased chemosensitivity in cultured breast cancer cells. Thus, although recognized as a 'safe guardian of the genome', our data provide compelling evidence that RECQL4 is tumour promoting in established breast cancers. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrosynthesis and electrochromic properties of free‐standing copolymer based on oligo(oxyethylene) cross‐linked 2,2’‐bithiophene and 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene
Authors: Hu Yongjing , Wang Zhipeng , Lin Kaiwen , Xu Jingkun , Duan Xuemin , Zhao Feng , Hou Jian , Jiang Fengxing 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTOligo(oxyethylene) chains cross‐linked 2,2’‐bithiophene (BT‐E5‐BT) has been synthesized successfully. A free‐standing copolymer film based on BT‐E5‐BT and 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (P(BT‐E5‐BT‐co‐EDOT)) has been synthesized by electrochemical polymerization. The electrical conductivity of P(BT‐E5‐BT‐co‐EDOT) copolymer (16 S m−1) has improved by four orders of magnitude compared to the homopolymer of BT‐E5‐BT (P(BT‐E5‐BT), 5 × 10−3 S m−1) at room temperature. Both homopolymer and copolymer films exhibit well‐defined redox and satisfied coloration efficiency. Spectroelectrochemistry studies indicate that the P(BT‐E5‐BT‐co‐EDOT) has a lower band gap in the range of 1.83–1.90 eV and shows more plentiful electrochromic colours (green, blue, purple and salmon pink) compared with the homopolymer P(BT‐E5‐BT). The Copolymer P(BT‐E5‐BT‐co‐EDOT) shows the moderate optical contrast (26% of 480 nm) and coloration efficiency (205.41 cm−1 C−2). The copolymer method provides a novel way to fabricate a free‐standing organic electrochromic device. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 1583–1592
Activation of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 induces CGRP release from spinal cord synaptosomes
Authors: Quallo Talisia , Gentry Clive , Bevan Stuart , Broad Lisa M. , Mogg Adrian J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTransient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is a sensor of nociceptive stimuli, expressed predominantly in a subpopulation of peptidergic sensory neurons which co‐express the noxious heat‐sensor transient receptor potential vanilloid 1. In this study, we describe a spinal cord synaptosome‐calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) release assay for examining activation of TRPA1 natively expressed on the central terminals of dorsal root ganglion neurons. We have shown for the first time that activation of TRPA1 channels expressed on spinal cord synaptosomes by a selection of agonists evokes a concentration‐dependent release of CGRP which is inhibited by TRPA1 antagonists. In addition, our results demonstrate that depolarization of spinal cord synaptosomes by a high concentration of KCl induces CGRP release via a T‐type calcium channel‐dependent mechanism whilst TRPA1‐induced CGRP release functions independently of voltage‐gated calcium channel activation. Finally, we have shown that pre‐treatment of synaptosomes with the opioid agonist, morphine, results in a reduction of depolarization‐induced CGRP release. This study has demonstrated the use of a dorsal spinal cord homogenate assay for investigation of natively expressed TRPA1 channels and for modulation of depolarizing stimuli at the level of the dorsal spinal cord.
Isotopic fractionation associated with [NiFe]‐ and [FeFe]‐hydrogenases
Authors: Yang Hui , Gandhi Hasand , Cornish Adam J. , Moran James J. , Kreuzer Helen W. , Ostrom Nathaniel E. , Hegg Eric L. 
Published: December 2015

RationaleHydrogenases catalyze the reversible formation of H2 from electrons and protons with high efficiency. Understanding the relationships between H2 production, H2 uptake, and H2‐H2O exchange can provide insight into the metabolism of microbial communities in which H2 is an essential component in energy cycling.MethodsWe used stable H isotopes (1H and 2H) to probe the isotope effects associated with three [FeFe]‐hydrogenases and three [NiFe]‐hydrogenases.ResultsAll six hydrogenases displayed fractionation factors for H2 formation that were significantly less than 1, producing H2 that was severely depleted in 2H relative to the substrate, water. Consistent with differences in their active site structure, the fractionation factors for each class appear to cluster, with the three [NiFe]‐hydrogenases (α = 0.27–0.40) generally having smaller values than the three [FeFe]‐hydrogenases (α = 0.41–0.55). We also obtained isotopic fractionation factors associated with H2 uptake and H2‐H2O exchange under conditions similar to those utilized for H2 production, providing a more complete picture of the reactions catalyzed by hydrogenases.ConclusionsThe fractionation factors determined in our studies can be used as signatures for different hydrogenases to probe their activity under different growth conditions and to ascertain which hydrogenases are most responsible for H2 production and/or uptake in complex microbial communities. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Water cycle and salinity dynamics in the mangrove forests of Europa and Juan de Nova Islands, southwest Indian Ocean
Authors: Lambs Luc , Mangion Perrine , Mougin Eric , Fromard François 
Published: December 2015

RationaleThe functioning of mangrove forests found on small coralline islands is characterized by limited freshwater inputs. Here, we present data on the water cycling of such systems located on Europa and Juan de Nova Islands, Mozambique Channel.MethodsIn order to better understand the water cycle and mangrove growth conditions, we have analysed the hydrological and salinity dynamics of the systems by gauge pressure and isotopic tracing (δ18O and δ2H values).ResultsBoth islands have important seawater intrusion as measured by the water level change and the high salinities in the karstic ponds. Europa Island displays higher salinity stress, with its inner lagoon, but presents a pluri‐specific mangrove species formation ranging from shrub to forest stands. No freshwater signal could be detected around the mangrove trees. On Juan de Nova Island, the presence of sand and detrital sediment allows the storage of some amount of rainfall to form a brackish groundwater. The mangrove surface area is very limited with only small mono‐specific stands being present in karstic depression.ConclusionsOn the drier Europa Island, the salinity of all the water points is equal to or higher than that of the seawater, and on Juan de Nova the groundwater salinity is lower (5 to 20 PSU). This preliminary study shows that the karstic pothole mangroves exist due to the sea connection through the fractured coral and the high tidal dynamics. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optical water quality and human perceptions: a synthesis
Authors: West Amie O. , Nolan Justin M. , Scott J. Thad 
Published: December 2015

Because humans have such strong physical and emotional connections to water in the environment, it follows that individuals and groups will have strong ideas and expectations of that environment that must be related to visible features. Optical water quality describes the scattering and absorption of light in water as governed by its dissolved and particulate composition. Mineral suspended sediment, dissolved organic matter, and living and nonliving particulate organic matter have different influences on the behavior of light in water. The physical sciences endeavor to define variability in water quality, be it natural or anthropogenic, for use in water resource management. However, a more holistic approach to water resource management is becoming increasingly advocated, which requires investigation of the human dimension. The directly visible attributes of color and clarity of water are among the strongest influences on human perceptions of water quality. The observed environment is perceived through cognitive processes that are defined by spiritual and cultural beliefs and evolve with personal experience, creating the mental model. Water color and clarity can provide a critical link between water quality and human perceptions. Ethnohydrology is the study of culturally constructed knowledge and understanding of water. An interdisciplinary approach, integrating optical water quality measurement and ethnohydrology methods, may help achieve better awareness, communication, participation, and support in water resource management and sustainability endeavors.WIREs Water2016, 3:167–180. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1127This article is categorized under:Human Water > Water as Imagined and Represented
ADAR1, inosine and the immune sensing system: distinguishing self from non‐self
Authors: Liddicoat Brian J. , Chalk Alistair M. , Walkley Carl R. 
Published: December 2015

The conversion of genomically encoded adenosine to inosine in dsRNA is termed as A‐to‐I RNA editing. This process is catalyzed by two of the three mammalian ADAR proteins (ADAR1 and ADAR2) both of which have essential functions for normal organismal homeostasis. The phenotype of ADAR2 deficiency can be primarily ascribed to a lack of site‐selective editing of a single transcript in the brain. In contrast, the biology and substrates responsible for the Adar1−/−
phenotype have remained more elusive. Several recent studies have identified that a feature of absence or reductions of ADAR1 activity, conserved across human and mouse models, is a profound activation of interferon‐stimulated gene signatures and innate immune responses. Further analysis of this observation has lead to the conclusion that editing by ADAR1 is required to prevent activation of the cytosolic innate immune system, primarily focused on the dsRNA sensor MDA5 and leading to downstream signaling via MAVS. The delineation of this mechanism places ADAR1 at the interface between the cells ability to differentiate self‐ from non‐self dsRNA. Based on MDA5 dsRNA recognition requisites, the mechanism indicates that the type of dsRNA must fulfil a particular structural characteristic, rather than a sequence‐specific requirement. While additional studies are required to molecularly verify the genetic model, the observations to date collectively identify A‐to‐I editing by ADAR1 as a key modifier of the cellular response to endogenous dsRNA. WIREs RNA 2016, 7:157–172. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1322This article is categorized under:

RNA Processing > RNA Editing and Modification
Tribological behavior as lubricant additive and physiochemical characterization of Jatropha oil blends
Authors: Singh Yashvir 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This investigation reports on the effect of Jatropha oil doped with lube oil on tribological characteristics of Al-7%Si alloy. The factors involved were Jatropha oil percentages, sliding velocities and load which was optimized for weight loss, friction coefficient and specific wear rate characteristics. The conventional lubricant was SAE 40. It is observed that the Jatropha oil percentage factor had significant influence on the weight loss, friction coefficient and wear rate of the pin. The optimum result was A
2
B
3
C
1 for pin weight loss, friction coefficient and wear rate. From the experimental result, it is found that the wear scar diameter increases with the increase of load for lube oil and reduced by addition of percentage of Jatropha oil. Flash temperature parameter was also studied in this experiment and results show that 15% addition of Jatropha oil would result in less possibility to film breakdown. The overall results of this experiment reveal that the addition of 15% Jatropha oil with base lubricant produces better performance and anti-wear characteristics. This blend can be used as lubricant oil which is environment friendly in nature and would help to reduce petroleum based lubricant substantially.