bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A procedure for validating the use of photographs as surrogates for samples in sensory measurement of appearance: An example with color of cooked turkey patties
Authors: Maughan Curtis , Chambers Edgar , Godwin Sandria 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAssessing visual characteristics of products can be difficult as they can change over time, vary in natural products, and be perceived differently due to factors such as lighting. This study examines the use of photographs, which can be problematic if they show color shifting in different lighting conditions, as a substitute for freshly prepared products and compares the photographs with samples under different lighting conditions. Three replicates of ground turkey patties cooked to six different end point temperatures that provided various shades of pink, brown, and gray were used for this study. Photographs of the samples were compared to freshly prepared samples under simulated daylight conditions by a highly trained descriptive sensory panel in a balanced randomized order. Eighteen photographs verified as matching the samples (three for each of six samples) in “daylight” subsequently were compared under consumer lighting conditions: incandescent, halogen, Compact Fluorescent (CFL), Light Emitting Diode (LED), and daylight LED bulbs. Each photograph was found to match freshly prepared samples under each of the different lighting conditions as well. This study shows that photographs can potentially be used as visual references for products, and that they behave similarly to freshly prepared samples under different lighting conditions.Practical applicationsThis study suggests that photographs can be used in place of actual products with proper validation of the photographs. In addition, this study provides one procedure for validating photographs against actual products that can be used in other research studies.
Mismatch of morphological and molecular identifications in native and invasive subspecies of Codium fragile (Bryopsidophyceae, Chlorophyta)
Authors: Armitage Phoebe R. , Nelson Wendy A. , Sutherland Judith E. 
Published: November 2016

Several subspecies are defined within Codium fragile, including the invasive C. fragile ssp. fragile, first reported in New Zealand in 1973. An endemic subspecies, C. fragile ssp. novae‐zelandiae, is also found throughout New Zealand. The two subspecies exhibit morphological and molecular variation, although these have never been evaluated together. We compared variation between subspecies at locations in Auckland, identifying subspecies using rps3‐rpl16 DNA sequence data, and assessing gross morphological differences, anatomical utricle characters and morphometrics. The taxonomic utility of the morphometric data sets was assessed by linear discriminant analysis. Utricle characters and measurements varied within individual thalli and between different preservation methods. The phenotypes of both subspecies were highly variable and influenced by environment. Accurate subspecies delimitation using morphological data was not possible; the discriminant analyses performed no better than chance for all combinations of the morphological data. Specimens from New Zealand, Canada, Australia and Ireland were sequenced using both the rps3‐rpl16 and tufA plastid markers. The tufA elongation factor was shown to be a good candidate for differentiating subspecies of C. fragile. This marker is twice the length of the rps3‐rpl16 spacer, shows greater variation between ssp. fragile and novae‐zelandiae, and is less prone to sequencing error. A simple restriction enzyme digest of the tufA amplicon can distinguish ssp. fragile and ssp. novae‐zelandiae. Our study expands the known range of the ssp. fragile in New Zealand, including the first record of this subspecies from the west coast of Auckland, and points to a need to re‐evaluate morphological and molecular criteria for subspecies currently defined within C. fragile.
No precipitation legacy effects on above‐ground net primary production and species diversity in grazed Mediterranean grassland: a 21‐year experiment
Authors: Sternberg Marcelo , Golodets Carly , Gutman Mario , Perevolotsky Avi , Kigel Jaime , Henkin Zalmen 
Published: November 2016

AbstractQuestionWhat are the controls on biomass production and species diversity in Mediterranean grasslands? Do medium‐term (i.e. inter‐annual) precipitation legacy effects on biomass production and diversity occur in these grasslands?LocationKarei Deshe Experimental Range Station, Upper Galilee, northern Israel.MethodsWe used a long‐term (21‐r) cattle‐grazing experiment in a Mediterranean grassland to search for evidence of precipitation legacies on herbaceous above‐ground biomass production and species diversity. Biomass production was measured in two seasonal late grazing treatments, in the winter and at peak vegetative production in the spring, while species diversity was determined at peak production. We used ANCOVA to test the effects of residual biomass, previous year's stocking density and previous year's biomass on current biomass production. We ran forward selection and ANCOVA to test for precipitation legacies, using precipitation variables relating to both previous and current year's rainfall. In addition we examined linear regressions of biomass and species diversity on current year's precipitation.ResultsBiomass production and species diversity showed weak to negligible relationships with current year's precipitation. Biomass production, and to a lesser extent, diversity, were affected by inter‐annual fluctuations in growing conditions. However, evidence of inter‐annual precipitation legacies were found only for early season biomass production, and not for peak biomass production or species diversity. We found no effect of grazing on biomass production at the onset of the grazing season, regardless of important differences in previous year's stocking density. Additionally, we found no effect of previous year's biomass production or stocking density on the following year's biomass or diversity, but peak biomass production was strongly related to previous year's residual biomass.ConclusionsThe lack of an inter‐annual precipitation legacy on peak biomass production contributes to a growing body of evidence showing that Mediterranean ecosystems are unique among semi‐arid and sub‐humid ecosystems, where precipitation legacies play an integral role. Mediterranean ecosystems are unique in their combined long‐term high variability in rainfall and long grazing history. This lack of precipitation legacy led to the development of vegetation that is highly resistant to inter‐annual fluctuations in growing conditions. We propose that the high resistance contributes to the lack of inter‐annual, or medium‐term, precipitation legacies on the studied grassland, and may contribute to its persistence under future projected climate change in the region.
Contrasting effects of precipitation manipulations in two Great Plains plant communities
Authors: Byrne Kerry M. , Adler Peter B. , Lauenroth William K. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractQuestionAnthropogenic climate change is altering temperature and precipitation in grasslands worldwide. As grasslands are primarily water‐limited, these changes in climate will likely have dramatic impacts on ecosystem function and community structure, yet the magnitude of change and the types of species favoured may differ among ecosystems or even among local communities within ecosystems. How much might plant community responses to altered precipitation vary at two sites within one grassland region?LocationSemi‐arid and sub‐humid natural grasslands in the US Great Plains.MethodsAt two sites we used rainfall shelters and irrigation to create irrigation, drought and control treatments. We measured changes in species composition, richness, Shannon's diversity, evenness and cover by plant functional groups across 4 yr (2008–2011).ResultsThe semi‐arid grassland community was relatively insensitive to precipitation manipulations, and in the few cases where there was a significant relationship between treatment precipitation and the response variable, the slope of the relationship was weak. In contrast, the sub‐humid grassland community was very sensitive to changes in treatment precipitation throughout the experiment, and responded more strongly, and negatively, to drought compared to irrigation.ConclusionsThe differing sensitivity of the dominant species to altered precipitation amount appears to largely determine the overall differences in community response at these sites. The variable responses we observed within a single grassland region highlight the challenge of forecasting community impacts of climate change.
Membrane protein insertase YidC in bacteria and archaea
Authors: Kuhn Andreas , Kiefer Dorothee 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThe insertion of proteins into the prokaryotic plasma membrane is catalyzed by translocases and insertases. On one hand, the Sec translocase operates as a transmembrane channel that can open laterally to first bind and then release the hydrophobic segments of a substrate protein into the lipid bilayer. On the other hand, YidC insertases interact with their substrates in a groove‐like structure at an amphiphilic protein–lipid interface thus allowing the transmembrane segments of the substrate to slide into the lipid bilayer. The recently published high‐resolution structures of YidC provide new mechanistic insights of how transmembrane proteins achieve the transition from an aqueous environment in the cytoplasm to the hydrophobic lipid bilayer environment of the membrane.
Pantoea ananatis: genomic insights into a versatile pathogen
Authors: Weller‐Stuart Tania , De Maayer Pieter , Coutinho Teresa 
Published: November 2016

SummaryPantoea ananatis, a bacterium that is well known for its phytopathogenic characteristics, has been isolated from a myriad of ecological niches and hosts. Infection of agronomic crops, such as maize and rice, can result in substantial economic losses. In the last few years, much of the research performed onP. ananatishas been based on the sequencing and analysis of the genomes of strains isolated from different environments and with different lifestyles. In this review, we summarize the advances made in terms of pathogenicity determinants of phytopathogenic strains ofP. ananatisand how this bacterium is able to adapt and survive in such a wide variety of habitats. The diversity and adaptability ofP. ananatiscan largely be attributed to the plasticity of its genome and the integration of mobile genetic elements on both the chromosome and plasmid. Furthermore, we discuss the recent interest in this species in various biotechnological applications.TaxonomyDomain Bacteria; Class Gammaproteobacteria; Family Enterobacteriaceae; genusPantoea; speciesananatis.Disease symptomsPantoea ananatiscauses disease on a wide range of plants, and symptoms can range from dieback and stunted growth inEucalyptusseedlings to chlorosis and bulb rotting in onions.Disease controlCurrently, the only methods of control ofP. ananatison most plant hosts are the use of resistant clones and cultivars or the eradication of infected plant material. The use of lytic bacteriophages on certain host plants, such as rice, has also achieved a measure of success.
Treatment options for keratocyst odontogenic tumour (KCOT): a systematic review
Authors: Dias G. , Marques T. , Coelho P. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe keratocystic odontogenic tumour (KCOT) is a benign intraosseous odontogenic lesion relatively frequent in the oral cavity. It has a locally aggressive behaviour and exhibits a high propensity to recur after treatment. All the singular characteristics of this pathology have originated controversy in the scientific community regarding the most appropriate surgical approaches for the successful treatment of this tumour.ObjectivesTo analyse the optimal treatment choice for this tumour, ensuring high success rates of treatment, preventing future recurrences and allowing the maintenance of the patient's quality of life.Materials and methodsA search was conducted in Cochrane – 1 result – and in PubMed – 756 results. The selection of articles was based on abstracts and inclusion and exclusion criteria. Three research studies were considered for the final analysis.ResultsOne hundred and nineteen lesions were identified (73 males and 46 females). Twenty‐nine tumours were found in the maxilla and 91 in the mandible; the applied therapeutic methods were: marsupialization/decompression, marsupialization followed by enucleation and adjunctive therapies (peripheral ostectomy and Carnoy's solution), solely enucleation, enucleation and Carnoy's solution, enucleation followed by peripheral ostectomy and Carnoy's solution and resection.Discussion and conclusionsTreatment by enucleation, in combination with adjunctive measures, is associated with minor recurrence rates when compared with enucleation alone. The small number of KCOT that were treated with en bloc resection did not obtain statistically relevant results. Therefore, more studies with well‐established criteria are necessary to enable an adequate analysis of recurrence rates associated with each treatment modality.
COMPARING RESISTANCE TO OPEN DATA PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT: PUBLIC EDUCATION IN BRAZIL AND THE UK
Authors: MICHENER GREGORY , RITTER OTAVIO 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMuch is known about governmental resistance to disclosure laws, less so about multi‐stakeholder resistance to open data. This study compares open data initiatives within the primary and secondary school systems of Brazil and the UK, focusing on stakeholder resistance and corresponding policy solutions. The analytical framework is based on the ‘Three‐Ps’ of open data resistance to performance metrics, corresponding to professional, political, and privacy‐related concerns. Evidence shows that resistance is highly nuanced, as stakeholders alternately serve as both principals and agents. School administrators, for example, are simultaneously principals to service providers and teachers, and at once agents to parents and politicians. Relying on a different systems comparison, in‐depth interviews, and newspaper content analyses, we find that similar stakeholders across countries demonstrate strikingly divergent levels of resistance. In overcoming stakeholder resistance – across socioeconomic divides – context conscientious ‘data‐informed’ evaluations may promote greater acceptance than narrowly ‘data‐driven’ performance measurements.
Coordinated protein co‐expression in plants by harnessing the synergy between an intein and a viral 2A peptide
Authors: Zhang Bei , Rapolu Madhusudhan , Kumar Sandeep , Gupta Manju , Liang Zhibin , Han Zhenlin , Williams Philip , Su Wei Wen 
Published: November 2016

SummaryA novel approach is developed for coordinated expression of multiple proteins from a single transgene in plants. An Ssp DnaE mini‐intein variant engineered for hyper‐N‐terminal autocleavage is covalently linked to the foot‐and‐mouth disease virus 2A (F2A) peptide with unique ribosome skipping property, via a peptide linker, to create an ‘IntF2A’ self‐excising fusion protein domain. This IntF2A domain acts, in cis, to direct highly effective release of its flanking proteins of interest (POIs) from a ‘polyprotein’ precursor in plants. This is successfully demonstrated in stably transformed cultured tobacco cells as well as in different organs of transgenic tobacco plants. Highly efficient polyprotein processing mediated by the IntF2A domain was also demonstrated in lettuce and Nicotiana benthamiana based on transient expression. Protein constituents released from the polyprotein precursor displayed proper function and accumulated at similar levels inside the cells. Importantly, no C‐terminal F2A extension remains on the released POIs. We demonstrated co‐expression of as many as three proteins in plants without compromising expression levels when compared with those using single‐protein vectors. Accurate differential cellular targeting of released POIs is also achieved. In addition, we succeeded in expressing a fully assembled and functional chimeric anti‐His Tag antibody in N. benthamiana leaves. The IntF2A‐based polyprotein transgene system overcomes key impediments of existing strategies for multiprotein co‐expression in plants, which is particularly important for gene/trait stacking.
Sporadic pseudohypoparathyroidism type‐1b with asymptomatic hypocalcemia
Authors: Goto Motohide , Yamamoto Yukiyo , Ishii Masahiro , Nakamura Akie , Sano Shinichiro , Kagami Masayo , Fukami Maki , Saito Reiko , Araki Shunsuke , Kubo Kazuyasu , Kawagoe Rinko , Kawada Yasusada , Kusuhara Koichi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPseudohypoparathyroidism type 1b (PHP‐1b) is usually diagnosed on various symptoms of hypocalcemia. Previous studies reported a few cases of autosomal dominant pattern PHP‐1b identified on familial analysis with asymptomatic hypocalcemia. Herein we report the case of a 6‐year‐old male patient with sporadic PHP‐1b incidentally detected on preoperative examination. He had neither characteristic findings of Albright hereditary osteodystrophy nor evidence of tetany. Sporadic PHP‐1b was diagnosed on the basis of clinical observation and laboratory examination. In addition, genetic testing using methylation‐specific multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification indicated broad methylation abnormalities and confirmed the sporadic form of PHP‐1b. Sporadic PHP‐1b might often be overlooked when diagnosis is done simply on definitive clinical features. To avoid this, DNA sequencing and methylation analysis should be performed even in the absence of definitive clinical features.
Esophageal adenocarcinoma and Barrett esophagus in a neurologically impaired teenager
Authors: Hwang Jae‐Yeon , Lee Yeoun Joo , Chun Peter , Shin Dong Hoon , Park Jae Hong 
Published: November 2016

AbstractEsophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) accompanied by Barrett esophagus (BE) is rare in patients younger than 20 years old. EAC in the upper esophagus is also rare. We report a rare case of EAC with BE that developed in the upper esophagus after chronic, untreated gastroesophageal reflux disease in a neurologically impaired teenager. A 19‐year‐old neurologically impaired man underwent endoscopy for evaluation of dysphagia and vomiting, and was diagnosed with EAC with BE. He underwent transthoracic esophagectomy, extensive lymph node dissection, and cervical esophagogastric anastomosis, but the prognosis was poor. Pathology indicated poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with BE.
Reproducibility of corrected QT interval in pediatric genotyped long QT syndrome
Authors: Ogawa Yoshiharu , Tanaka Toshikatsu , Kido Sachiko 
Published: November 2016

AbstractReproducibility of corrected QT interval (QTc), especially QTc after exercise, has not been thoroughly investigated. We reviewed charts of pediatric patients who underwent treadmill‐exercise stress testing without medication multiple times within 1 year. In patients with long‐QT syndrome (LQTS; n = 22), the discrepancy in QTc between two treadmill exercise stress tests using Fridericia's formula was 14 ± 12 ms at rest, 13 ± 12 ms 4 min after exercise, with a maximum of 14 ± 12 ms after exercise. There was no statistically significant difference in QTc between the two tests. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were 0.84, 0.85, and 0.85, respectively. In controls (n = 13), the discrepancy in QTc was 18 ± 12 ms at rest, 14 ± 7 ms 4 min after exercise, with a maximum of 14 ± 9 ms after exercise. There was no significant difference in QTc between the two tests. ICC were 0.78, 0.80, and 0.80, respectively. QTc calculated using Bazett's formula also showed high reproducibility. Reproducibility of QTc in children is high at rest and after exercise.
Neonatal bowel strangulation: Rare presentation of congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Arena Salvatore , Scalfari Gianfranco , Turiaco Nunzio , Marseglia Lucia , Perrone Patrizia , Gitto Eloisa , Romeo Carmelo 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe report a case of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) with perinatal bowel strangulation requiring intestinal resection. Ten hours after birth, the newborn started to be lethargic and developed bilious emesis. X‐ray documented distended loops of bowel with air fluid levels in the abdomen and a gasless, non‐homogeneous opacity of the left hemithorax, a right mediastinal shift and loss of the sharp left hemidiaphram line. On gastrographin enema the left colon was above the adjacent left diaphragm. Emergency surgery was performed at 16 h of age. The entire small bowel appeared reddish and compromised. After 24 h, second‐look laparotomy was performed and only 25 cm of small bowel were viable. The postoperative period was uneventful. Neonatal bowel strangulation in CDH should be taken into account when estimating postnatal morbidity and mortality and, even if CDH treatment is not an emergency procedure, if gastrointestinal symptoms prevail over respiratory symptoms, surgery should be carried out without delay.
Overview of 3 year precommercial seafarming of Macrocystis pyrifera along the Chilean coast
Authors: Camus Carolina , Infante Javier , Buschmann Alejandro H. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractChile is one of the main producers of seaweeds in the world; however, most of the production comes from harvesting natural beds and only 2.4% from cultures, dominated by the agarophyte Gracilaria chilensis. One of the most exploited resources is the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera, which is sold fresh for abalone feed and dry for alginate extraction. Recently, new possible markets are developing for this species, for example human consumption and biofuel/chemical production that could increase the demand and justify the development of a commercial cultivation system. The objective of this work was to present the recent development of the seafarming of M. pyrifera in Chile, focusing on the fundamental determinants of productivity in cultivated systems and the identification of the binding constraints to productivity. Three experimental plots (up to 21 Ha) were designed and deployed in three study areas (Caldera in northern Chile and Quenac and Ancud in southern Chile) to test different environmental conditions. During a period of 3 years, sporophytes produced in an indoor hatchery were deployed monthly, at different densities, and followed until harvest. Environmental parameters and biomass were monitored on a monthly basis. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of Macrocystis seafarming on a large scale in Chile. Important differences in yield were observed between the study areas associated with either environmental physical or biological factors, such as the presence of herbivores. Our best production cycle reached 124 WMT Ha−1 month −1 in southern Chile, and the worst, less than 20 WMT Ha−1 month−1 in northern Chile. Finally, some direct and indirect constrains were encountered, including seeding season and depth, and the presence of pests and diseases, that are discussed.