bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Densifying and strengthening of electrospun polyacrylonitrile‐based nanofibers by uniaxial two‐step stretching
Authors: Youm Je Sung , Kim Ji Hoon , Kim Chang Hyo , Kim Jeong Cheol , Kim Yoong Ahm , Yang Kap Seung 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThe effects of alignment of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers and a two‐step drawing process on the mechanical properties of the fibers were evaluated in the current study. The alignment was achieved using a high‐speed collector in electrospinning synthesis of the nanofibers. Under optimal two‐step drawing conditions (e.g., hot‐water and hot‐air stretching), the PAN nanofiber felts exhibited large improvements in both alignment and molecular chain‐orientation. Large increase in crystallinity, crystallite size, and molecular chain orientation were observed with increasing draw ratio. Optimally, stretched PAN‐based nanofibers exhibited 5.3 times higher tensile strength and 6.7 times higher tensile modulus than those of the pristine one. In addition, bulk density of the drawn PAN nanofibers increased from 0.19 to 0.33 g/cm3. Our results show that fully extended and oriented polymer chains are critical in achieving the highest mechanical properties of the electrospun PAN nanofibers. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43945.
Responses of Australian sea lions, Neophoca cinerea, to anthropogenic activities in the Perth metropolitan area, Western Australia
Authors: Osterrieder Sylvia K. , Salgado Kent Chandra , Robinson Randall W. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Tourist‐based activities, partly due to their rapid increase, have raised concerns regarding the impacts of anthropogenic activity on marine fauna. Documented effects on pinnipeds in proximity to humans include changes in behaviour, site use and potentially higher aggression levels towards people. Effects vary considerably between populations and sites, thus requiring separate assessment of human impacts on activity and energy budgets.
Responses of the endangered Australian sea lion, Neophoca cinerea, to human visitation were recorded from November 2013 through April 2014. Exposure levels and response types to anthropogenic activities were assessed at two easily accessible locations with different management schemes, Seal (landing prohibited) and Carnac (landing permitted) islands, Western Australia. Exposure levels were measured as both stimulus type (i.e. ‘People’, ‘Paddlers’, ‘Small’, ‘Medium’, and ‘Large vessels’, ‘Tour vessels’, and ‘Jet skies’), and people (‘Direct’, ‘Attract’, ‘Interact’, ‘View’, ‘Incidental’, ‘Water’, ‘Low‐level’), and vessel activities (‘Interact’, ‘Approach/Follow’, ‘Anchor noise’, ‘Engine noise’, ‘Close to beach’, ‘Moderate/Fast travel’, ‘Slow travel’, ‘Transit’, ‘Drift/At anchor’, ‘Aircraft noise’).
Exposure levels varied significantly between the islands in numbers, stimuli type, duration and minimum approach distances. The instantaneous behaviours of ‘Lift head’, ‘Interact’ and ‘Sit’ were the most frequent responses. ‘Aggressive’ and ‘Retreat’ responses, the highest disturbance levels measured, occurred on Carnac approximately once per day, but rarely on Seal Island. ‘Aggressive’ behaviour towards ‘People’ was observed only on Carnac Island and elicited only by ‘People’. ‘People’, ‘Tour vessels’, and scenic ‘Aircrafts’ on both islands as well as ‘Jet skis’ on Carnac Island had the highest probability of triggering responses. Owing to their relatively high visitation at Seal Island, ‘Paddle powered vessels’, followed by ‘Tour vessels’ elicited the highest number of responses, compared with ‘People’, ‘Small’, and ‘Medium vessels’ at Carnac Island. The majority of responses occurred when any stimulus type was at short‐range (≤10 m), and ‘People’ ‘Viewing’ N. cinerea elicited most. Vessels triggered more responses at larger ranges than ‘People’.
To limit close‐range access to N. cinerea, one possibility is to close the beach at Carnac Island to human visitation and increase the minimum approach distance by vessels and ‘People’ by installing marker buoys at least 15 m from the shore.
© 2016 The Authors. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acardiac twin pregnancies part II: Fetal risk of chorangioma and sacrococcygeal teratoma predicted by pump/acardiac umbilical vein diameters
Authors: van Gemert Martin J.C. , Nikkels Peter G.J. , Paarlberg K. Marieke , van den Wijngaard Jeroen P.H.M. , Gardiner Helena M. 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundWe recently published pump/acardiac umbilical venous diameter (UVD) ratios, representing the pump twin's excess cardiac output fraction, of 27 acardiac twin pregnancies. There was a clear separation between the 17 pump twins that had life‐threatening complications and the 10 that did not. The hypothesis of this study is that placental chorangioma and sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT), tumors whose perfusion also causes high‐output complications, have the same fetal outcome as pump twins when perfusion of the tumor requires the same excess cardiac output fraction.MethodsWe compared the three fetoplacental circulations. Fetuses with a placental chorangioma and acardiac twin pregnancies both have their feeding artery and draining vein located at the placental cord insertion. In contrast, SCT lacks a prescribed feeding artery and draining vein. We, therefore, had to modify our model to assume that the diameter of the hypothetical draining vein is related to the flow difference between inferior vena cava and superior vena cava. The latter flow has been estimated sonographically and is the same as the inferior vena cava flow in the absence of an SCT. Furthermore, a simple modification accounts for the different location of the tumor with respect to the placental cord insertion.ResultsWe propose to apply the clinical pump/acardiac UVD ratios to pregnancies complicated by placental chorangiomas and the modified pump/acardiac UVD ratios for SCT.ConclusionRisk prediction of these rare fetal tumors may be possible based on application of data on excess cardiac output fractions from pump/acardiac UVD ratios and will require future clinical validation. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:733–738, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Second bioluminescence‐activating component in the luminous fungus Mycena chlorophos
Authors: Teranishi Katsunori 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMycena chlorophos is an oxygen‐dependent bioluminescent fungus. The mechanisms underlying its light emission are unknown. A component that increased the bioluminescence intensity of the immature living gills of M. chlorophos was isolated from mature M. chlorophos gills and chemically characterized. The bioluminescence‐activating component was found to be trans‐3,4‐dihydroxycinnamic acid and its bioluminescence activation was highly structure‐specific. 13C‐ and 18O‐labelling studies using the immature living gills showed that trans‐3,4‐dihydroxycinnamic acid was synthesized from trans‐4‐hydroxycinnamic acid in the gills by hydroxylation with molecular oxygen as well as by the general metabolism, and trans‐3,4‐dihydroxycinnamic acid did not produce hispidin (detection‐limit concentration: 10 pmol/1 g wet gill). Addition of 0.01 mM hispidin to the immature living gills generated no bioluminescence activation. These results suggested that the prompt bioluminescence activation resulting from addition of trans‐3,4‐dihydroxycinnamic acid could not be attributed to the generation of hispidin. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Review on Chitosan Utilization in Membrane Synthesis
Authors: Jafari Sanjari Alireza , Asghari Morteza 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMembrane separation technologies are very energy efficient and the general interest has drastically increased over the last decade. Biopolymers as membrane compounds have gained increased attention due to their renewability. Chitosan is a derivative of chitin, the second most abundant biopolymer and shows many advantages required for a membrane. This article provides an overview of recent progress on the application of chitosan membranes. The applications include gas separation, direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), pervaporation, water treatment (heavy metal and dye removal, salt rejection), and the biomedical field. The preparation of different chitosan membranes is presented as well as its capabilities in the different fields of application.
Mechanistic Insight into Nanomolar Binding of Multivalent Neoglycopeptides to Wheat Germ Agglutinin
Authors: Rohse Philipp , Wittmann Valentin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMultivalent carbohydrate–protein interactions are frequently involved in essential biological recognition processes. Accordingly, multivalency is often also exploited for the design of high‐affinity lectin ligands aimed at the inhibition of such processes. In a previous study (D. Schwefel et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 8704–8719) we identified a tetravalent cyclopeptide‐based ligand with nanomolar affinity to the model lectin wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). To unravel the structural features of this ligand required for high‐affinity binding to WGA, we synthesized a series of cyclic and linear neoglycopeptides that differ in their conformational freedom as well as the number of GlcNAc residues. Combined evidence from isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), enzyme‐linked lectin assays (ELLA), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) revealed different binding modes of tetra‐ and divalent ligands and that conformational preorganization of the ligands by cyclization is not a prerequisite for achieving high binding affinities. The high affinities of the tetravalent ligands rather stem from their ability to form crosslinks between several WGA molecules. The results illustrate that binding affinities and mechanisms are strongly dependent on the used multivalent system which offers opportunities to tune and control binding processes.
Controllable Electronic Structures and Photoinduced Processes of Bay‐Linked Perylenediimide Dimers and a Ferrocene‐Linked Triad
Authors: Horinouchi Haruki , Sakai Hayato , Araki Yasuyuki , Sakanoue Tomo , Takenobu Taishi , Wada Takehiko , Tkachenko Nikolai V. , Hasobe Taku 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA series of perylene‐3,4,9,10‐bis(dicarboximide) (PDI) dimers linked through the bay regions was systematically synthesized to examine the electronic structures and photophysical properties in dependence on the distance and orientation between the two PDI units. The spectroscopic and electrochemical measurements suggested that the coupling value of a directly linked PDI dimer (PDI)2 is much larger than those of para‐ and meta‐phenylene‐bridged PDI dimers p‐(PDI)2 and m‐(PDI)2. The width of Davydov splitting was quantitatively evaluated to compare the coupling values between the two PDI units in these dimers by absorption spectroscopy in frozen 2‐methyl‐THF. Excimer formation of PDI dimers induced the strong fluorescence quenching and large red‐shifts. Femtosecond transient absorption revealed a broad absorption derived from an excimer in the range from about 600 nm to the near‐IR region. The rate constants of formation and decay of the excimer are strongly dependent on the coupling values. Time‐resolved measurements on ferrocene‐linked p‐(PDI)2 revealed a competition between the photoinduced processes of electron transfer and excimer formation in PhCN, which is in sharp contrast with the sole electron‐transfer process in toluene.
Structural Manipulation of Ruthenium(II) Polypyridine Nitrone Complexes to Generate Phosphorogenic Bioorthogonal Reagents for Selective Cellular Labeling
Authors: Tang Tommy Siu‐Ming , Liu Hua‐Wei , Lo Kenneth Kam‐Wing 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe report a new class of ruthenium(II) polypyridine complexes functionalized with a nitrone group as phosphorogenic bioorthogonal probes. These complexes were very weakly emissive owing to rapid C=N isomerization of the nitrone moiety, but exhibited significant emission enhancement upon strain‐promoted alkyne–nitrone cycloaddition (SPANC) reaction with bicyclo[6.1.0]nonyne (BCN)‐modified substrates. The modification of nitrone with a dicationic ruthenium(II) polypyridine unit at the α‐C‐position and a phenyl ring at the N‐position led to remarkably accelerated reaction kinetics, which are substantially greater (up to ≈278 fold) than those of other acyclic nitrone–BCN systems. Interestingly, the complexes achieved specific cell membrane/cytosol staining upon specific labeling of an exogenous substrate, BCN‐modified decane (BCN‐C10), in live cells. Importantly, the in situ generation of the more lipophilic isoxazoline adduct in the cytoplasm resulted in increased cytotoxicity, highlighting a novel approach to apply the SPANC labeling technique in drug activation.
Access to Silylated Pyrazole Derivatives by Palladium‐Catalyzed C−H Activation of a TMS group
Authors: Mistico Laetitia , Querolle Olivier , Meerpoel Lieven , Angibaud Patrick , Durandetti Muriel , Maddaluno Jacques 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA simple and efficient approach to new silylated heterocycles of potential interest in medicinal chemistry is presented. A set of bromophenyl trimethylsilyl pyrazole intermediates can be transformed by direct organometallic routes into two families of regioisomeric iodoaryl substrates; using either arylzinc or aryllithium chemistry, the TMS group remains on the pyrazole ring or translocates to the aryl moiety. These two families can then be efficiently transformed into benzo silino pyrazoles thanks to a single‐step cyclization relying on the Pd‐catalyzed activation of a non‐activated C(sp3)−H bond alpha to a silicon atom. The experimental conditions used, which are fully compatible with the pyrazole ring, suggest that this reaction evolves through a concerted metalation–deprotonation (CMD) mechanism.
Pd‐Catalyzed C−H Alkylation of Arenes Using PyrDipSi, a Transformable and Removable Silicon‐Tethered Directing Group
Authors: Sarkar Dhruba , Gevorgyan Vladimir 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAn efficient Pd‐catalyzed ortho‐C−H alkylation reaction of arenes using a transformable and removable Si‐tethered pyridyldiisopropylsilyl (PyrDipSi) directing group has been developed. In addition, the PyrDipSi directing group allows for an efficient sequential double‐fold C−H alkylation/oxygenation of arenes to produce meta‐alkylated phenols. This directing group can easily be removed or converted into valuable functionalities, such as aryl, iodo, boronic ester, or phenol.
Power‐aware server consolidation for federated clouds
Authors: Leite Alessandro Ferreira , Boukerche Azzedine , Magalhaes Alves de Melo Alba Cristina , Eisenbeis Christine , Tadonki Claude , Ralha Célia Ghedini 
Published: June 2016

SummaryCloud computing has evolved to provide computing resources on‐demand through a virtualized infrastructure, letting applications, computing power, data storage, and network resources to be provisioned and managed over private networks or over the Internet. Cloud services normally run on large data centers and demand a huge amount of electricity. Consequently, the electricity cost represents one of the major concerns of data centers, because it is sometimes nonlinear with the capacity of the data centers, and it is also associated with a high amount of carbon emission (CO2). However, energy‐saving schemes that result in too much degradation of the system performance or in violations of service‐level agreement (SLA) parameters would eventually cause the users to move to another cloud provider. Thus, there is a need to reach a balance between energy savings and the costs incurred by these savings in the execution of the applications. Therefore, in this paper, we propose and evaluate a power and SLA‐aware application consolidation solution for cloud federations. It comprises a multi‐agent system for server consolidation, taking into account SLA, power consumption, and carbon footprint. Different for similar solutions available in the literature, in our solution, when a cloud is overloaded, its data center needs to negotiate with other data centers before migrating the workload to another cloud. Simulation results show that our approach can reduce up to 46% of the power consumption while trying to meet performance requirements. Furthermore, we show that federated clouds can provide an adequate solution to deal with power consumption in the clouds. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lignin Valorization through Catalytic Lignocellulose Fractionation: A Fundamental Platform for the Future Biorefinery
Authors: Galkin Maxim V. , Samec Joseph S. M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCurrent processes for the fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass focus on the production of high‐quality cellulosic fibers for paper, board, and viscose production. The other fractions that constitute a major part of lignocellulose are treated as waste or used for energy production. The transformation of lignocellulose beyond paper pulp to a commodity (e.g., fine chemicals, polymer precursors, and fuels) is the only feasible alternative to current refining of fossil fuels as a carbon feedstock. Inspired by this challenge, scientists and engineers have developed a plethora of methods for the valorization of biomass. However, most studies have focused on using one single purified component from lignocellulose that is not currently generated by the existing biomass fractionation processes. A lot of effort has been made to develop efficient methods for lignin depolymerization. The step to take this fundamental research to industrial applications is still a major challenge. This review covers an alternative approach, in which the lignin valorization is performed in concert with the pulping process. This enables the fractionation of all components of the lignocellulosic biomass into valorizable streams. Lignocellulose fractions obtained this way (e.g., lignin oil and glucose) can be utilized in a number of existing procedures. The review covers historic, current, and future perspectives, with respect to catalytic lignocellulose fractionation processes.
Modification with Metallic Bismuth as Efficient Strategy for the Promotion of Photocatalysis: The Case of Bismuth Phosphate
Authors: Tian Fan , Zhao Huiping , Li Guangfang , Dai Zan , Liu Yunling , Chen Rong 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA BiPO4 nanostructure modified with Bi nanoparticles rich in oxygen vacancies in the surface and subsurface was prepared through a one‐pot solvothermal treatment utilizing the weak reductive ability of ethylene glycol (EG). The presence of Bi nanocrystals and oxygen vacancies is beneficial for the separation and consumption of photogenerated electrons and holes where Bi nanocrystals act as active sites for the formation of .OH and oxygen vacancies are active sites for .O2− formation. The enhanced photocatalytic activity is ascribed to the synergistic effect of Bi nanocrystals and surface oxygen vacancies.
Oxytocin receptor dynamics in the brain across development and species
Authors: Vaidyanathan Radhika , Hammock Elizabeth A.D. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTOxytocin (OXT) signaling through the OXT receptor plays a significant role in a variety of physiological processes throughout the lifespan. OXT's effects depend on the tissue distribution of the receptor. This tissue specificity is dynamic and changes across development, and also varies with sex, experience, and species. The purpose of this review is to highlight these themes with examples from several life stages and several species. Important knowledge gaps will also be emphasized. Understanding the effective sites of action for OXT via its receptor will help refine hypotheses about the roles of this important neuropeptide in the experience‐dependent development and expression of species‐typical social behavior. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 143–157, 2017
Renewable Surface Carbon‐composite Electrode Bulk Modified with GQD‐RuCl3 Nano‐composite for High Sensitive Detection of l‐tyrosine
Authors: Habibi Esmaeil , Heidari Hassan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe ability to analytically detect l‐tyrosine is a clinical necessity not only for the diagnosis of some diseases such as tyrosinemia, but also for the study on various tyrosine‐associated disorders. In here, graphene quantum dot (GQD) was synthesized by carbonization of citric acid and used to prepare GQD‐RuCl3 nano‐composite. GQD and GQD‐RuCl3 were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Next the nano‐composite was modified with carbon‐composite electrode (CCE) and the electrochemical properties of GQD‐RuCl3|CCE were studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV). This bulk modified electrode showed good electrocatalytic activity for l‐tyrosine oxidation. The values of the detection limit and sensitivity were obtained as 0.23 µM and 90 nA/µM. The results indicated that the synergistic incorporation of RuCl3 with GQD conspicuously promotes the sensitivity of the sensor. Moreover, the sensor showed long‐term stability and good selectivity towards the detection of l‐tyrosine.
Functionalization of MWCNTs with Ferrocene‐poly(p‐phenylene) and Effect on Electrochemical Properties: Application as a Sensing Platform
Authors: Bizid S. , Mlika R. , Haj Saïd A. , Chemli M. , Korri Youssoufi H. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMWCNTs have been dispersed with modified ferrocene‐poly(para‐phenylene) by π staking interaction to improve dispersion of MWCNTS in organic solution. Such interaction has been demonstrated through electrochemical and chemical characterization of the composite. A layer based on the formed composite (MWCNTs/Fc‐PPP) has been deposited on a gold surface and the electrochemical properties of the redox reaction have been studied through Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). We demonstrate that such association of the Fc‐PPP to MWCNTs allows their functionalization and introduction of redox markers which could be used as a platform for a sensing application. The proof of the concept has been demonstrated through DNA immobilization and detection of specific oligonucleotide probe of hepatitis C. The properties of the DNA biosensor construction were followed by redox properties of immobilized redox markers. The nanocomposite (MWCNTs/Fc‐PPP) modified by DNA probes demonstrates a sensitivity to DNA hybridization with a detection limit of 1.6 pM and a wide linear range of detection from 1 fM to 100 pM taking advantage from the large surface of MWCNTs and their electronic properties.
CD 59 Targeted Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Immunosensor for Fast and Noninvasive Diagnosis of Oral Cancer
Authors: Choudhary Meenakshi , Yadav Prashant , Singh Anu , Kaur Satbir , Ramirez‐Vick Jaime , Chandra Pranjal , Arora Kavita , Singh Surinder P. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractOral cancer (OC) is one of the important cancer types in human being and its early and quick diagnosis will help clinicians to develop suitable therapeutic strategies to improve the prognosis of cancer patients. In this direction, we report a label free impedimetric immunosensor to diagnose OC by detecting CD 59, an early stage and important OC biomarker. The immunosensor probe is fabricated by immobilizing CD 59 antibodies (anti‐CD 59) on a self‐assembled molecular layer of L‐cysteine (Cys) on a gold electrode. The fabrication of sensor probe is characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental conditions were optimized in terms of antibody concentration, temperature, pH, and incubation time in order to obtain maximum sensitivity. The CD 59 is qualitatively detected using EIS which shows a wide dynamic range between 1 fg mL−1 and 1000 fg mL−1 with a detection limit of 0.38 (±0.03) fg mL−1. The developed immunosensor is successfully applied for direct detection of CD 59 in clinically relevant human saliva samples. Interferences due to non‐target cancer antigens, stability, and regeneration of the developed immunosensor was performed.