bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remembering Australian Constitutional Democracy
Authors: Partlett William 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFor many years, historical accounts of Australian Federation ignored the distinctive ideological origins of the Australian Constitution. From the mid 1980s until the 2000s, however, a generation of historians remembered how the Australian drafters built a distinctive constitutional democracy that combined trust in parliament with a direct constitutional role for a plural ‘people’: the people of Australia and the people of the states. Drawing on Chartist and American ideas of popular sovereignty, this system of popular political constitutionalism textually guarantees that ‘the people’ can ‘directly’ choose both houses of parliament, break deadlocks between these houses and make constitutional law. The definition of ‘the people’ in this distinctive form of constitutional democracy was, however, racially exclusive. In particular, First Australians were excluded from the plural people of Australia.This intellectual history of the Australian Constitution, however, has had remarkably little impact on constitutional interpretation and discourse. This paper will begin the process of examining those implications. First, it will show how this history provides important contextual support and direction to the implied limitations on parliamentary power that stem from the constitution’s guarantee of representative democracy in sections 7 and 24 of the Constitution. Second, it will demonstrate how it aids in better understanding Australia’s unique constitutional system. To date, this system has remedied the racist roots of the original constitutional definition of the people largely through legislative reform. The constitutional recognition of First Australians is a critical step in acknowledging that First Australians are a distinct part of the plural Australian people. In the aftermath of the failure of the First Nations Voice to Parliament proposal, meaningful constitutional recognition for First Australians must address their structural exclusion from the plural Australian people.
A Survey Among Psychiatrists to Assess the Need for Psychiatry Sub/Super-specialization Courses in India
Authors: Singh Amit , M Kishor  , Kar Sujita Kumar 
Published: September 2024

Background: India’s landscape of sub/super-specialization courses is expanding rapidly. Numerous courses spanning various domains of psychiatry exist, and this trend is poised to continue its upward trajectory. We aimed to assess the need for sub/super-specialization courses in psychiatry in India and explore the structural components of the courses. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 142 psychiatrists/psychiatry residents from India were surveyed using an online questionnaire after approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Results: “Good” and “intense” need for specialization courses was reported to be highest for child and adolescent psychiatry (68.3%), followed by addiction psychiatry (56.4%) and psychotherapy (55.6%). A 1-year post-doctoral fellowship was reported to be the most preferred course format. Practical examination was suggested to be the preferred summative assessment method for different course formats. Conclusion: The availability of sub/super-specialization courses presents an opportunity to enhance psychiatrists’ training in specific areas of interest. Offering a variety of course options enables psychiatrists to select the most suitable program based on their individual requirements and career goals.
Mothers’ Psychological Trauma Experiences Associated With Preterm Pregnancy, Birth, and Care: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Sarfo Jacob Owusu , Segalo Puleng 
Published: September 2024

Background: Preterm birth trauma has become a growing concern in achieving the sustainable development goal targets for mental, maternal, and child health. Although obstetric and developmental complications associated with preterm birth have received a great deal of research attention over the years, subjective trauma experiences of mothers are often understudied. This qualitative study aims to fill this gap by adopting a phenomenological design to explore the traumatic experiences of mothers from pregnancy to care after childbirth of preterm babies in a low-resource economy. Results: The results of our Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) revealed three superordinate and six subordinate themes: pregnancy-related (Primary pregnancy-related complications and secondary pregnancy-related factors), healthcare-related (Trauma from invasive procedures performed on babies and trauma from the poor physical health status of the babies at NICU), and parenting-related trauma (Initial shock and denial and feelings of inadequateness and helplessness in caring for their babies). Conclusions: The study shows the complex nature of the birth trauma experienced by mothers of preterm babies. The study recommends client-centered, culturally sensitive, and trauma-focused mental health support within the maternal health system.
Socioenvironmental Factors are Associated With Dopamine Transporter Availability in Healthy Individuals but not in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Cayir Salih , Tezel Melike , Matuskey David 
Published: September 2024

Objective Social factors can influence the brain’s dopaminergic function. This study investigated the relationship between socioenvironmental factors and dopamine transporter (DaT) availability in healthy individuals (n = 74) and those with Parkinson’s disease (PD) (n = 240). Methods All single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) DaT data and clinical data used in this study were obtained from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) dataset. Socioenvironmental data was obtained from Social Explorer analyses of the American Community Survey (2014-2018) using the residential ZIP codes of the subjects available in the PPMI dataset. Results Participants resided in 302 ZIP code tabulation areas across 38 U.S. states. In healthy individuals, DaT signals were significant and negatively correlated in the caudate with median household income (r = −0.27, P = 0.02) and educational level of the living area (r = −0.23, P = 0.04), but not significant in the putamen (r = −0.21, P = 0.08; r = −0.11, P = 0.37 respectively). Also, there was a significant positive correlation between DaT signals in caudate and poverty rates (r = 0.29, P = 0.01), but not in the putamen (r = 0.16, P = 0.19) in healthy subjects. No significant associations were observed in the PD group for any variables. Conclusion The study findings suggest that socioenvironmental factors, such as median household income, education level, and poverty rate, are significantly associated with DaT availability in the caudate of healthy individuals but not in those with PD. This indicates that PD might disrupt the connection between the social environment and dopaminergic function. These results underscore the importance of considering socioenvironmental variables when studying dopaminergic function in the human brain.
The (reverse) paradox of lupus anticoagulant: A case report
Authors: Kalyani Hiren , Goyal Mayank , Banavathu Tejaswee , Pandey Swetal , Rath Prasan Deep 
Published: September 2024

Introduction Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is often associated with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), which manifests as recurrent thrombotic events or obstetric complications in presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. Hereby we present a case of a child who presented with low grade fever, superficial thrombophlebitis with mucosal bleeding and was diagnosed as Lupus Anticoagulant Hypoprothrombonemia Syndrome (LAHS). Case A 7-year-old girl was hositalized with complaints of fever and spontaneous bleeding from gums and epistaxis. On examination, she had multiple small tender nodular lesions with greenish hue of overlying skin suggesting superficial thrombophlebitis and mild non-tender hepatosplenomegaly. Her coagulogram revealed normal platelet counts and deranged PT and APTT. ESR and CRP were raised. Serology for viral infections, blood and urine cultures were negative. Patient had persistent coagulopathy, mucosal bleeding and low-grade fever despite supportive treatment. She was tested for anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) in view of suspicion of autoimmune process. ANA was positive in high titer with speckled pattern on indirect immunofluorescence. Mixing studies showed correction of PT and non-correction of APTT. PT based factors were normal except for prothrombin (FII) which was low and remained low despite dilution. APTT based factors (FVIII and FIX) were low but corrected on dilution. This was suggestive of prothrombin deficiency and a presence of a nonspecific inhibitor of APTT pathway (likely lupus anticoagulant). Presence of antiprothrombin antibodies established the diagnosis of LAHS. ENA profile was positive for SmD1, Ro60 and Ku. Complement levels were low. Direct Coomb’s test was positive but there was no evidence of hemolysis. Lupus anticoagulant by DRVVT and anti-cardiolipin antibodies by ELISA were positive. Patient was diagnosed as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus with Lupus Anticoagulant Hypoprothrombinemia Syndrome. She was treated with IV methylprednisolone. Patient showed significant improvement in form of resolution of fever, mucosal bleeding, correction of deranged INR and reversal of hypocomplementemia. She was discharged on hydroxychloroquine, mycophenolate mofetil and tapering doses of prednisolone. On follow up, child was doing well and her prothrombin time and complement levels had normalized. Low dose aspirin was aspirin was added for thromboprophylaxis.
Family Communication With Children and Adolescents Post Parental Loss in Road Traffic Accidents: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Anupama V  , Hirisave Uma , Devi Bhagavatula Indira 
Published: September 2024

Background: Traumatic parental loss during childhood and adolescence can have long-lasting effects on the developmental trajectory of youngsters. While there is some literature on the advantages of positive family communication fostering better adjustment in bereaved children and adolescents, patterns of family communication post parental loss have not received much attention. An understanding of these patterns can pave the way for more holistic interventions in this vulnerable group. The aim of the study was to explore parental loss-related communication in families of children and adolescents who have lost a parent to a road traffic accident. Method: The study was carried out in a tertiary hospital setting in Bengaluru. The sample comprised of 24 children and 17 surviving parents. The study employed a qualitative research design. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with surviving parents/caregivers and the children/adolescents. The interviews were analysed by using inductive thematic analysis. Results: The themes generated from the semi-structured interviews highlighted patterns of communication in parentally bereaved families. Four major themes emerged from the semi-structured interviews – mode of getting to know about the death, disclosure regarding the death, discussion regarding the death and individual needs related to communication. Conclusions: Communication regarding parental loss as a result of road traffic accidents in the family context seems to be desirable and may enable healthy grieving in youngsters. Short-term interventions aimed at enhancing family communication patterns following traumatic parental loss need to be developed in the Indian context.
Glucokinase (GCK) in diabetes: from molecular mechanisms to disease pathogenesis
Authors: Abu Aqel Yasmin , Alnesf Aldana , Aigha Idil I. , Islam Zeyaul , Kolatkar Prasanna R. , Teo Adrian , Abdelalim Essam M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGlucokinase (GCK), a key enzyme in glucose metabolism, plays a central role in glucose sensing and insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells, as well as glycogen synthesis in the liver. Mutations in the GCK gene have been associated with various monogenic diabetes (MD) disorders, including permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM) and maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), highlighting its importance in maintaining glucose homeostasis. Additionally, GCK gain-of-function mutations lead to a rare congenital form of hyperinsulinism known as hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HH), characterized by increased enzymatic activity and increased glucose sensitivity in pancreatic β-cells. This review offers a comprehensive exploration of the critical role played by the GCK gene in diabetes development, shedding light on its expression patterns, regulatory mechanisms, and diverse forms of associated monogenic disorders. Structural and mechanistic insights into GCK’s involvement in glucose metabolism are discussed, emphasizing its significance in insulin secretion and glycogen synthesis. Animal models have provided valuable insights into the physiological consequences of GCK mutations, although challenges remain in accurately recapitulating human disease phenotypes. In addition, the potential of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) technology in overcoming current model limitations is discussed, offering a promising avenue for studying GCK-related diseases at the molecular level. Ultimately, a deeper understanding of GCK’s multifaceted role in glucose metabolism and its dysregulation in disease states holds implications for developing targeted therapeutic interventions for diabetes and related disorders.
Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli associated with childhood diarrhoea in Osun state, Nigeria
Authors: Olayinka Ademola A. , Oginni-Falajiki Ibukunoluwa O. , Okeke Iruka N. , Aboderin Aaron O. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Diarrhoea is a major public health concern in developing countries, usually exacerbated by poor water, sanitation and hygiene but its aetiology is under-studied, particularly away from capital cities. We identified diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) from stools collected in Ile-Ife and Ilesa, Osun state, Nigeria and determined their antibiotic resistance profiles.

Methods
Stool samples from 167 children with diarrhoea and 334 controls under the age of 5 years were cultured for Escherichia coli and Salmonella. Bacterial isolates were identified biochemically and DEC were identified by PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method in accordance with the CLSI guidelines. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests.

Result
Diarrhoea infection is significantly high among children under 12 months (p = 0.002), caregivers without at least primary school education (p = 0.006), breastfeeding for under 6 months (p˂0.001), and caregivers who were siblings (p = 0.004). DEC was detected in 69(41.3%) cases but only 86(25.7%) controls (p < 0.001) and more commonly recovered during the wet season (p < 0.001). Enterotoxigenic E. coli (p = 0.031), enteropathogenic E. coli (p = 0.031) and Shiga-toxin-producing E. coli (p = 0.044) were recovered more commonly from cases than controls. DEC from patients with diarrhoea were commonly resistant to sulphonamides (91.3%), trimethoprim (82.6%), and ampicillin (78.3%) but were largely susceptible to quinolones and carbapenems (97.1%).

Conclusion
Enteropathogenic, enterotoxigenic and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli are associated with diarrhoea in our setting, and show considerable resistance to first-line antimicrobials. Risk factors for DEC diarrhoea include infancy, inadequate breastfeeding and caregivers with education below primary school.
Comparing the remineralization potential of undemineralized dentin powder versus chicken eggshell powder on artificially induced initial enamel carious lesions: an in-vitro investigation
Authors: Helal Mai Badreldin , Sheta Mai Samy , Alghonemy Wafaa Yahia 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
White spot lesions are a widespread undesirable effect, especially prevalent during fixed orthodontic treatments. The study compared the in vitro enamel remineralization potential of undemineralized dentin matrix (UDD) versus chicken eggshell powder (CESP) for artificially induced enamel lesions.

Methods
100 caries-free and sound maxillary premolars were randomly divided into four groups each contain 25 teeth: Group I (Baseline): No treatment was done to the enamel surface. Group II (Negative control ): The enamel surface of the teeth underwent demineralization using demineralizing solution to create artificial carious lesions then kept in artificial saliva. Group III (CESP treated): After demineralizing the tooth surface, the teeth have been suspended in the CESP remineralizing solution. Group IV (UDD treated): After enamel demineralization, the teeth were suspended in UDD remineralizing solution. The remineralization potential was assessed by Vickers microhardness testing, scanning electron microscopic examination (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX).

Results
The current study demonstrated an increase in the mean microhardness of CESP and UDD-treated groups; however, It was nearer to the baseline level in the UDD group. SEM imaging revealed greater enamel remineralization in the UDD group compared to the remaining groups. The UDD group disclosed complete coverage for the prismatic enamel compared to the CESP group, which revealed a partially remineralized enamel surface. Interestingly, the Ca/P ratio increased significantly in the CESP group compared to the negative control group. In contrast, a higher significant increase in the mean Ca/P ratios was recorded in the UDD group compared to the test groups.

Conclusion
biomimetic UDD and CESP powder should be utilized to treat enamel early carious lesions. However, UDD demonstrated the most significant remineralization potential.
Uncover the anticancer potential of lycorine
Authors: Zhang Yan-Ming , Li Ting , Xu Chun-Cao , Qian Jia-Yu , Guo Hongwei , Zhang Xiaolei , Zhan Zha-Jun , Lu Jin-Jian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Natural products have a long history in drug discovery. Lycorine is an alkaloid derived from Amaryllidaceae plants, demonstrating significant pharmacological potential. Lycorine and its hydrochloride salt, lycorine hydrochloride, have shown outstanding anticancer effects both in vitro and in vivo.

Purpose
This review aims to comprehensively summarize recent research advancements regarding the anticancer potential of lycorine and lycorine hydrochloride. It intends to elucidate current research limitations, optimization strategies, and future research directions to guide clinical translation.

Methods
Various databases, e.g., Web of Science, PubMed, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, are systematically searched for relevant articles using keywords such as lycorine, cancer, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity. The retrieved literature is then categorized and summarized to provide an overview of the research advancements in the anticancer potential of lycorine and lycorine hydrochloride.

Results
Lycorine and lycorine hydrochloride demonstrate significant anticancer activities against various types of cancer both in vitro and in vivo, employing diverse mechanisms such as inducing cell cycle arrest, triggering cellular senescence, regulating programmed cell death, inhibiting angiogenesis, suppressing metastasis, and modulating immune system. Furthermore, pharmacokinetic profiles and toxicity data are summarized. Additionally, this review discusses the druggability, limitations, optimization strategies, and target identification of lycorine, offering insights for future preclinical studies.

Conclusion
The anticancer effects and safety profile of lycorine and lycorine hydrochloride suggest promising potential for clinical applications. Further research on their in-depth mechanisms and optimization strategies targeting their limitations will enhance the understanding and druggability of lycorine and lycorine hydrochloride.

Graphical Abstract
Effectiveness of structured, multidisciplinary long-term care for pediatric cancer survivors: protocol of the multicenter, randomized-controlled AELKI study
Authors: Schmidt Hannah , Baust Katja , Calaminus Gabriele , Hohls Lisa , Tetzner Katharina , Griech Nicole , Haugke Henrike , Baltus Hannah , Elsner Susanne , Katalinic Alexander , Becker Hera , Cytera Chirine , Gebauer Judith , Kock-Schoppenhauer Ann-Kristin , Neumann Anke , Denzer Christian , Schündeln Michael M. , Faber Jörg , Sattler Conny , Frühwald Michael C. , Borgmann-Staudt Anja , Barnbrock Anke , Metzler Markus , Escherich Gabriele , König Inke R. , Menrath Ingo , Langer Thorsten 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
In Germany, around 2.250 children and adolescents are diagnosed with cancer each year. Despite generally positive long-term survival rates, many patients must cope with late effects of the disease and its treatment. This highlights the need for a well-structured, long-term approach addressing both physical and mental health issues. Currently, the German healthcare system lacks such comprehensive structures. Our study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured, multidisciplinary long-term approach compared to conventional “treatment as usual” (TAU).

Methods
A prospective, multicenter study with ten pediatric university clinics in Germany will be conducted. The cluster-randomization takes place at the clinic level. Children and adolescents who completed their cancer treatment at least five years ago and their parents will be eligible to participate. While the control group (CG) receives TAU, the intervention group (IG) participates in a structured program. This program includes risk-based medical treatment and psychosocial interventions tailored to each patient’s individual needs within a two-month timeframe. The primary outcome is the improvement of self-efficacy. Secondary outcomes are satisfaction with health care, improvement of health-related quality of life (HRQoL), reduction of mental health problems, and improvement of transition readiness.

Discussion
This approach has the potential to optimize the health care for individuals who survived cancer during childhood or adolescence. It addresses the challenges of overuse, underuse, and misuse of health care resources. By considering both medical and psychosocial factors and promoting increased self-efficacy, independent from parental involvement, it may facilitate a smoother transition to adult medicine and enhance adherence to lifelong aftercare. If proven successful, this approach will contribute to the integration of multidisciplinary strategies into standard healthcare practice.

Trial registration
German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00029269. Registered on December 23, 2022.