bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recovering low spatial frequencies in wavefront sensing based on intensity measurements
Authors: Parvizi Amin , Broek Wouter Van den , Koch Christoph T. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe transport of intensity equation (TIE) offers a convenient method to retrieve the phase of a wave function from maps of the irradiance (images) recorded at different planes along the optic axis of an optical system. However, being a second-order partial differential equation, even for noise-free data a unique solution of the TIE requires boundary conditions to be specified which are generally not accessible experimentally, jeopardizing retrieval of the low-frequency information in particular. Here we introduce an iterative algorithm which forgoes the need for explicit boundary conditions and combines the well-known reciprocal space solution of the TIE with the charge-flipping algorithm that has originally been developed to solve the crystallographic phase problem in X-ray diffraction. Application of this algorithm to experimental data and comparison with conventionally used algorithms demonstrates an improved retrieval of the low spatial frequencies of the phase.
Validation of Administrative Database Codes for Acute Kidney Injury in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Molnar Amber O. , Walraven Carl van , McArthur Eric , Fergusson Dean , Garg Amit X. , Knoll Greg 
Published: March 2016

Background: Validation studies of acute kidney injury (AKI) diagnostic codes performed in the general population have shown poor sensitivity, but the accuracy of such codes in the kidney transplant population remains unknown. Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the accuracy of AKI diagnostic codes in kidney transplant recipients. We hypothesized that the sensitivity of diagnostic codes would be significantly greater in the kidney transplant population since these patients are closely followed by nephrologists and are more likely to have serum creatinine measured. Design: The design is a population-based retrospective cohort study using healthcare administrative and laboratory databases. Setting: The setting is in Southwestern Ontario and Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, from 2003 to 2012. Patients: We included first-time kidney transplant recipients admitted to hospital for whom serum creatinine was measured in hospital and within 6 months prior ( n = 524). Methods: Patients meeting the Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) classification serum creatinine change criteria were classified as having AKI. We determined the sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values for the ICD-10-CA code for AKI when present as an admission diagnosis, most responsible diagnosis, or any diagnosis compared to a reference standard of AKI defined by the AKIN criteria (stage 1 or greater, stage 2 or greater, or stage 3). Results: Forty-five percent of included kidney transplant patients had a diagnosis of AKI. The most sensitive coding algorithm (reference standard AKIN stage 2 or greater, ICD-10 code present as any diagnosis) had a sensitivity of 42.1 % (95 % CI 31.7, 53.3), a specificity of 90.6 % (95 % CI 87.6, 93.0), and a positive likelihood ratio of 4.5. The median (IQR) rise in serum creatinine from baseline in patients with and without AKI codes was 104 (57 to 158) μmol/L and 16 (−3 to 41) μmol/L, respectively (Mann-Whitney test, p < 0.0001). Limitations: The low sensitivity of the AKI code may be due to an alternative diagnosis of acute rejection being assigned in certain cases. The cause of AKI could not be determined. Conclusions: Similar to the general population, the ICD-10 N17x code misses many kidney transplant patients with AKI during their hospitalization. This makes the code unusable for studying the incidence and consequences of AKI in hospitalized kidney transplant patients.
Reproducibility of Carotid-Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients: Methodological Considerations
Authors: Rodriguez Rosendo A. , Cronin Valerie , Ramsay Timothy , Zimmerman Deborah , Ruzicka Marcel , Burns Kevin D. 
Published: March 2016

Background: In end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, increased arterial stiffness detected by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) is associated with fatal cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. Since cf-PWV is an operator-dependent technique, poor reproducibility may be a source of bias in the estimation of arterial stiffness. Objectives: We assessed the week-to-week reproducibility of cf-PWV and radial artery pulse wave analysis in healthy subjects and ESRD patients. We also determined the extent of patient eligibility, enrollment, acceptance, and comfort. Methods: In a cohort study design, independent tonometric examinations of carotid, femoral, and radial arteries were conducted in 20 healthy subjects and 15 ESRD patients attending chronic hemodialysis treatments according to a randomized sequence by two operators on 2 days scheduled 1-week apart. cf-PWV, augmentation index (AIx@HR75) and central pulse pressure (CPP) were the outcome measures. Patients were tested at midweek and prior to dialysis treatment. The variability on the distance measured between the suprasternal notch and femoral site using two different methods (standard vs direct) was compared. A post-examination survey assessed acceptance and comfort associated with examinations. Reproducibility was evaluated by intra-class correlations (ICCs). Results: The mean age for healthy subjects and ESRD patients was 45 ± 12 and 63 ± 16 years, respectively. ESRD patients had higher cf-PWV ( p = 0.0002), elevated AIx@HR75 ( p = 0.003), and increased CPP ( p = 0.001) compared to healthy subjects. The mean inter-visit differences for all stiffness indices were non-significant ( p > 0.05), but the mean inter-operator differences for the cf-PWV were significant only in the healthy subject group (−0.7 m/s; p = 0.02). The ICCs between operators and visits were higher for the ESRD group compared to the healthy subjects (between operators, 0.870 vs 0.461; between visits, 0.830 vs 0.570). Distances were longer ( p < 0.001), but less variable with the standard method compared to the direct method (healthy subjects, p = 0.036; ESRD, p = 0.39). There was a high rate of patient acceptance and minimal discomfort. Conclusions: Week-to-week measurements of cf-PWV and pulse wave analysis are highly reproducible in ESRD patients prior to hemodialysis treatment. The high reproducibility and minimal test-to-test variations encourage use of cf-PWV to monitor changes in arterial stiffness and the efficacy of interventions in ESRD patients. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT02196610.
21-Gene Recurrence Score Assay As a Predictor of Adjuvant Chemotherapy Administration for Early-Stage Breast Cancer: An Analysis of Use, Therapeutic Implications, and Disparity Profile
Authors: Jasem Jagar , Amini Arya , Rabinovitch Rachel , Borges Virginia F. , Elias Anthony , Fisher Christine M. , Kabos Peter 
Published: March 2016

Purpose The 21-gene Recurrence Score (RS) assay is used to predict disease recurrence and benefit of chemotherapy in estrogen receptor–positive, lymph node–negative early-stage breast cancer (EBC). Our study is the first analysis of trends and differences in the use of the RS assay and its impact on recommending chemotherapy in a population-based data set. Methods Patients with EBC diagnosed from 2004 to 2012 and included in the National Cancer Data Base were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the covariates associated with use of the test and its impact on chemotherapy decisions. Results The RS assay was ordered for 54.0% of the 143,032 identified patients. Of all the variables, RS assay had the strongest association with recommendation for chemotherapy, with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 83 for high assay scores. When indicated, test use was significantly associated with younger age, white race, academic centers, private insurance, and pT2/pN0(i+) grade 2 to 3 disease. Black patients (AOR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.20 to 1.43) and those treated in community facilities (AOR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.35 to 1.63) were more likely to be tested outside the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines. Black patients (AOR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.31 to 1.69) and those with high tumor grade (AOR, 30.76; 95% CI, 26.48 to 35.73) had significantly higher assay scores. Younger black patients (AOR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.16 to 1.54) were more likely to receive chemotherapy despite low assay scores. Conclusion The RS assay significantly influences clinicians’ recommendations for chemotherapy in patients with EBC. Black patients tended to have higher assay scores, which may reflect use patterns or less favorable tumor biology for estrogen receptor–positive disease. There are significant differences in use and clinical implications of the test on the basis of race, insurance, and type of facility.
Guideline on Muscle-Invasive and Metastatic Bladder Cancer (European Association of Urology Guideline): American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline Endorsement
Authors: Milowsky Matthew I. , Rumble R. Bryan , Booth Christopher M. , Gilligan Timothy , Eapen Libni J. , Hauke Ralph J. , Boumansour Pat , Lee Cheryl T. 
Published: March 2016

Purpose To endorse the European Association of Urology guideline on muscle-invasive (MIBC) and metastatic bladder cancer. The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) has a policy and set of procedures for endorsing clinical practice guidelines that have been developed by other professional organizations. Methods The guideline on MIBC and metastatic bladder cancer was reviewed for developmental rigor by methodologists. The ASCO Endorsement Panel then reviewed the content and recommendations. Results The ASCO Endorsement Panel determined that the recommendations from the European Association of Urology guideline on MIBC and metastatic bladder cancer, published online in March 2015, are clear, thorough, and based on the most relevant scientific evidence. ASCO endorses the guideline on MIBC and metastatic bladder cancer and has added qualifying statements, including highlighting the use of chemoradiotherapy for select patients with MIBC and recommending a preference for clinical trials in the treatment of metastatic disease in the second-line setting. Recommendations Multidisciplinary care for patients with MIBC and metastatic bladder cancer is critical. The standard treatment of MIBC (cT2-T4a N0M0) is neoadjuvant cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy. In cisplatin-ineligible patients, radical cystectomy alone is recommended. Adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy may be offered to high-risk patients who have not received neoadjuvant therapy. Chemoradiotherapy may be offered as an alternative to cystectomy in appropriately selected patients with MIBC and in some patients for whom cystectomy is not an option. Metastatic disease should be treated with cisplatin-containing combination chemotherapy or with carboplatin combination chemotherapy or single agents in patients ineligible for cisplatin. Additional information is available at http://www.asco.org/endorsements/MIBC and www.asco.org/guidelineswiki .
Cumulus Cell Mitochondrial Resistance to Stress In Vitro Predicts Oocyte Development During Assisted Reproduction
Authors: Dumesic Daniel A. , Guedikian Annie A. , Madrigal Vanessa K. , Phan Julia D. , Hill David L. , Alvarez Juan P. , Chazenbalk Gregorio D. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Context:
Complex cumulus cell-oocyte interactions govern energy utilization during oocyte development.

Objective:
This study investigates the relationship of cumulus cell mitochondria with oocyte development during ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization (IVF).

Design:
This is a prospective cohort study.

Setting:
The setting was an academic center.

Patients:
Thirty women underwent ovarian stimulation for IVF.

Intervention(s):
Pooled cumulus cells were collected; numbers of total and mature oocytes and two-pronuclear (day 1), six- to eight-cell cleavage (day 3), and blastocyst (day 5) embryos were recorded.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
A mitochondrial bioassay was developed with Jurkat cells and used with cumulus cells from IVF patients to correlate mitochondrial membrane potential resistance to carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) stress with oocyte development and embryogenesis.

Results:
Adjusting for FSH administered and maternal age, cumulus cell mitochondrial membrane potential resistance to CCCP positively correlated with numbers of total (P &lt; .025) and mature (P &lt; .025) oocytes retrieved. The highest oocyte numbers that correlated with cumulus cell mitochondrial membrane potential occurred in women with the greatest ovarian response to FSH (mitochondrial membrane potential resistance to CCCP-log FSH interactions: total oocytes P &lt; .025; mature oocytes P &lt; .05). Multiple regression modeling of mature oocyte numbers, age, and cumulus cell mitochondrial membrane potential resistance to CCCP showed that numbers of mature oocytes best correlated with numbers of embryos at all stages (P &lt; .0001).

Conclusion:
During ovarian stimulation for IVF, cumulus cell mitochondrial membrane potential resistance to stress correlates with numbers of total and mature oocytes retrieved, suggesting that cumulus cell–oocyte interactions involving energy facilitate oocyte development.
Regulation of Energy Balance via BDNF Expressed in Nonparaventricular Hypothalamic Neurons
Authors: Yang Haili , An Juan Ji , Sun Chao , Xu Baoji 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expressed in the paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH) has been shown to play a key role in regulating energy intake and energy expenditure. BDNF is also expressed in other hypothalamic nuclei; however, the role in the control of energy balance for BDNF produced in these structures remains largely unknown. We found that deleting the Bdnf gene in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) during embryogenesis using the Sf1-Cre transgene had no effect on body weight in mice. In contrast, deleting the Bdnf gene in the adult VMH using Cre-expressing virus led to significant hyperphagia and obesity. These observations indicate that the lack of a hyperphagia phenotype in the Sf1-Cre/Bdnf mutant mice is likely due to developmental compensation. To investigate the role of BDNF expressed in other hypothalamic areas, we employed the hypothalamus-specific Nkx2.1-Cre transgene to delete the Bdnf gene. We found that the Nkx2.1-Cre transgene could abolish BDNF expression in many hypothalamic nuclei, but not in the PVH, and that the resulting mutant mice developed modest obesity due to reduced energy expenditure. Thus, BDNF produced in the VMH plays a role in regulating energy intake. Furthermore, BDNF expressed in hypothalamic areas other than PVH and VMH is also involved in the control of energy expenditure.
A divide-and-conquer strategy in tumor sampling enhances detection of intratumor heterogeneity in routine pathology: A modeling approach in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Lopez José I. , Cortes Jesús M. 
Published: March 2016

Intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) is an inherent process in cancer development which follows for most of the cases a branched pattern of evolution, with different cell clones evolving independently in space and time across different areas of the same tumor. The determination of ITH (in both spatial and temporal domains) is nowadays critical to enhance patient treatment and prognosis. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) provides a good example of ITH. Sometimes the tumor is too big to be totally analyzed for ITH detection and pathologists decide which parts must be sampled for the analysis. For such a purpose, pathologists follow internationally accepted protocols. In light of the latest findings, however, current sampling protocols seem to be insufficient for detecting ITH with significant reliability. The arrival of new targeted therapies, some of them providing promising alternatives to improve patient survival, pushes the pathologist to obtain a truly representative sampling of tumor diversity in routine practice. How large this sampling must be and how this must be performed are unanswered questions so far. Here we present a very simple method for tumor sampling that enhances ITH detection without increasing costs. This method follows a divide-and-conquer (DAC) strategy, that is, rather than sampling a small number of large-size tumor-pieces as the routine protocol (RP) advises, we suggest sampling many small-size pieces along the tumor. We performed a computational modeling approach to show that the usefulness of the DAC strategy is twofold: first, we show that DAC outperforms RP with similar laboratory costs, and second, DAC is capable of performing similar to total tumor sampling (TTS) but, very remarkably, at a much lower cost. We thus provide new light to push forward a shift in the paradigm about how pathologists should sample tumors for achieving efficient ITH detection.
Application оf Intellectual Capital Model in Formation of a Management Team
Authors: Лапыгин  , Lapygin YUriy , Макаров  , Makarov Pavel 
Published: March 2016

The paper considers the various aspects of application of intellectual capital management methods in team building issues. The authors justifi ed the principal
possibility of allocating sub-category «intellectual capital of a small group (team)», and the range of its application in the management teams formation are
described including the issues of: determining the team’s strengths and weaknesses, evaluating the team performance, revealing the personal contribution
of each member to the team work and the issues of relationship within the team. The methodological characteristics of intellectual capital management team
are elaborated and a model of the team’s intellectual capital composition and structure is proposed. The properties of team’s intellectual capital components
are described. Techniques and process of the small group’s intellectual capital management are developed, covering the stages of its analysis, evaluation and
decision-making. Based on the study results the authors proposed the resource-based model of a small group activity, which can be used as an analytical tool
for decision-making related to the management of the team’s intellectual capital.
Evaluation As a Tool for the Organization’s Personnel Development
Authors: Гриненко  , Grinenko T. 
Published: March 2016

The article discusses the approach to assessing the competence of staff , underlying the formation of human resources organization and development of its
staff . Formed in the modern theory of human resource management approaches to the defi nition of «competence», discloses the concept of «competency
model» are analyzed. It is shown that the development and application of competency model is carried out within the regulatory, defi cits and resource approaches.
It is proved that humanistic resource is the most appropriate approach in the development and evaluation of the use of competences. On the basis of this
approach the author identifi es the resources of the person who sells it and can implement in their professional activities. This approach is aimed at identifying
the personal and professional characteristics of the organization. It is shown that personal and professional diagnostic system developed in the framework
of the resource approach by Y.V. Sinyagin, which includes a competency model and a set of techniques, allows more fully exploit the potential of each employee
and more expedient to build its training and professional development.
Practice-Oriented Approach to Identifi cation of Psychological Resources of Management Competence of a Line Manager
Authors: Остроушко  , Ostroushko M. 
Published: March 2016

The article explains the relevance of the search of organizational and psychological resources of administrative competence of «linear» multi-hospital leaders —
heads of departments. Using the psycho-diagnostic procedures it shows that the heads of departments are based mainly on two types of individual styles
of decision-making («realizational» and «situational»), on two types of organizational power — the power of expertise and the power and charismatic. According
to the results of the correlation analysis of selected types relationships with the established prevailing types of professional thinking and creativity the author
makes a conclusion about the expediency of formation of two main directions of the developing work. The fi rst is the work with representatives of «realizational»
type, the expert power, possessing mainly «symbolical» type of professional thinking. The work should include the development of problem-solving skills,
creativity, ability to infl uence others, to adjust teamwork, the understanding of managerial work. The second direction should cover the heads focused
on situational administrative actions style, a charismatic type of power, humanitarian mindset and creativity. Work assumes development of administrative
work understanding, problem solving skills, ability to establish teamwork, distribute and delegate responsibilities among subordinates. The designated concept
of the developing work with the staff «linear» managers is put in a basis of the program of special courses in system of additional education of department
head of multifunctional medical institution.
Role of Professional Standards Training for Food Industry. Certifi cation System of Qualifi ed Staff for Hospitality Industry
Authors: Вострецова  , Vostretsova M. 
Published: March 2016

The article outlines the mismatch between qualifi cation level of employees of enterprises catering to the requirements of the labour market, the lack of relevant
knowledge, skills and competences of employees of public catering. The role of occupational standards and certifi cation systems in the training of qualifi ed
personnel in the food industry is identifi ed. The author provides information about the history of professional standards in the Russian Federation. The functions
of professional standards, format standards, levels of professional skills of workers are shown. Defi nitions of major components of professional standards are
given. The functions of the professional standard, determined by its format are considered. The opinion of leading restaurateurs and hoteliers of the Russian
Federation on the problem and the process of introduction of system of certifi cation at the enterprises of the food industry is given. The article emphasizes the
importance of establishing of a system of certifi cation of specialists in food service. The certifi cation process of the staff of restaurants and hotels is described.
The problems encountered during the certifi cation of qualifi ed personnel for the food industry are considered.
Crowdsourcing, Crowdrecruiting and Crowdfunding As Tools of Staff Recruitment System in the Organization
Authors: Чуланова  , Chulanova Oksana , Вишнякова  , Vishnyakova T. 
Published: March 2016

The article considers the crowdsourcing technology and based on its principles a crowdrecruiting technology as instruments of staff recruitment in the
organization. The presented technologies are new eff ective tools large-scale by geographical coverage and number of participants of selection of the employees
who are really interested in work with this organization. Crowd-technologies, which are based on «the phenomenon of the crowd» can not only greatly speed
up the solution of important problems for the company, but also signifi cantly reduce costs. Was designed the methodology of introduction of crowdsourcing
technology at staff recruitment in the organization. As a result of introduction of this methodology is assumed optimization of costs of the personnel, thanks
to improvement of staff recruitment by means of crowd-technologies (crowdsourcing, crowdrecruiting, crowdstaffi ng), namely: increase of qualitative structure
of the personnel and reduction of staff turnover thanks to what will be seen labor productivity growth.