bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of sequential Bayesian‐based method development procedures for chromatographic problems involving one, two, and three analytes
Authors: Wiczling Paweł 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this work, various sequential Bayesian‐based method development procedures associated with a search of isocratic chromatographic conditions ensuring baseline separation of one, two, and three analytes within the pre‐specified retention time window were evaluated. The accuracy and total analysis time of tested procedures were experimentally and theoretically verified and compared with the usual approaches utilizing one or two preliminary organic modifier gradients. The possession of strong and weakly informative priors about analytes was considered. The overall success rate of tested procedures was high with a small number of mistakes. It was shown that for simple problems considered here one is able to use a sequence of isocratic conditions to find the desired chromatogram. The use of one preliminary gradient was shown to be of similar accuracy and time requirements. Interestingly, the use of two preliminary gradients almost always required more time than procedures involving no or one preliminary gradient. Prior knowledge of analytes considerably shortened method development times for procedures involving no or one preliminary gradient. The sequential Bayesian‐based method development allows us to achieve a desired chromatographic separation by proper weighting of information available to the analyst at each stage of the method development process.
Adaptive distinguishing test cases of nondeterministic finite state machines: test case derivation and length estimation
Authors: El-Fakih Khaled , Yevtushenko Nina , Kushik Natalia 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

A top-down approach is presented for checking the existence and derivation of an adaptive distinguishing test case (called also an adaptive distinguishing sequence) for a nondeterministic finite state machine (NDFSM). When such a test case exists, the method returns a canonical test case that includes all other distinguishing tests of the given complete observable NDFSM. In the second part of the paper, a constructive approach is provided for deriving a class of complete observable NDFSMs with
n
states,
n
> 2, and 2

n

−
n
− 1 inputs such that a shortest adaptive distinguishing test case for each NDFSM in the intended class has the length (height) 2

n

−
n
− 1. In other words, we prove the reachability of the exponential upper bound on the length of a shortest adaptive distinguishing sequence for complete observable NDFSMs while for deterministic machines the upper bound is polynomial with respect to the number of states. For constructing the intended class of NDFSMs for a given
n
, we propose a special linear order over all the non-empty subsets without singletons of an
n
-element set. The obtained tight exponential upper bound initiates further research on identifying certain NDFSM classes where this upper bound is not reachable.
Spatial analyses of Ediacaran communities at Mistaken Point
Authors: Mitchell Emily G. , Butterfield Nicholas J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBedding-plane assemblages of Ediacaran fossils from Mistaken Point, Newfoundland, are among the oldest known records of complex multicellular life on Earth (dated to ~565 Ma). The in situ preservation of these sessile but otherwise deeply enigmatic organisms means that statistical analyses of specimen positions can be used to illuminate their underlying ecological dynamics, including the interactions between taxa.Fossil assemblages on Mistaken Point D and E surfaces were mapped to millimeter accuracy using differentiated GPS. Spatial correlations between 10 well-defined taxa (Bradgatia, Charniid,Charniodiscus,Fractofusus, Ivesheadiomorphs, Lobate Discs,Pectinifrons,Plumeropriscum,Hiemalora, andThectardis) were identified using Bayesian network inference (BNI), and then described and analyzed using spatial point-process analysis. BNI found that the E-surface community had a complex web of interactions and associations between taxa, with all but one taxon (Thectardis) interacting with at least one other. The unique spatial distribution ofThectardissupports previous, morphology-based arguments for its fundamentally distinct nature. BNI revealed that the D-surface community showed no interspecific interactions or associations, a pattern consistent with a homogeneous environment.On the E surface, all six of the abundant taxonomic groups (Fractofusus,Bradgatia, Charniid,Charniodiscus,Thectardis, andPlumeropriscum) were found to have a unique set of interactions with other taxa, reflecting a broad range of underlying ecological responses. Four instances of habitat associations were detected between taxa, of which two (Charniodiscus–PlumeropriscumandPlumeropriscum–Fractofusus) led to weak competition for resources. One case of preemptive competition between Charniid and Lobate Discs was detected. There were no instances of interspecific facilitation. Ivesheadiomorph interactions mirror those ofFractofususandCharniodiscus, identifying them as a form-taxonomic grouping of degradationally homogenized taphomorphs. The absence of increased fossil abundance in proximity to these taphomorphs argues against scavenging or saprophytic behaviors dominating the E-surface community.
The Valley of Juigalpa, Mayales River Subbasin Microregion (Chontales, Nicaragua) Date List I
Authors: Donner Natalia R , Geurds Alexander 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe chronology of human presence in Chontales, central Nicaragua, was established by Franck Gorin (1989), who applied a combination of absolute dates and ceramic associations to build a sequence comprised of six different phases. However, interpretative and chronological issues have arisen due to two main problems. First, the sequence was based on stylistic associations to polychrome ceramics from Pacific Nicaragua. Second, the sample analyzed by Gorin shows contextual bias and lacks sufficient absolute dates. As a result, a comprehensive regional research plan was established to test the current accepted chronology, and redefine it where necessary. In this paper, we present the first date list for the Valley of Juigalpa, Mayales River subbasin (Chontales, Nicaragua). Contrary to Gorin’s proposal, which established a chronology from 500 BC through AD 1600, reports on new seventeen radiocarbon (14C) assays show a cultural sequence from 1420 ± 30 BP, or cal AD 595–660 (±2σ) through the present.
Eight new species of Pyrenulaceae from the Neotropics, with a key to 3-septate Pyrgillus species
Authors: APTROOT André , SIPMAN Harrie J. M. , MERCADO DIAZ Joel Alejandro , MENDONÇA Cléverton de Oliveira , FEUERSTEIN Shirley Cunha , CUNHA-DIAS Iane Paula Rego , PEREIRA Thamires Almeida , CÁCERES Marcela Eugenia da Silva 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEight new species of Pyrenulaceae are described as new to science from Brazil, Guyana and Puerto Rico. Pyrenula sanguineomeandrata Aptroot & Mercado Diaz (with a thallus with red, KOH+ purple pigmentation of lines or a reticulum, simple ascomata with vertical ostioles, a deep red inspersed, KOH+ orange hamathecium, and dark brown 3-septate ascospores 25–29×10–12 μm) and P. sanguineostiolata Aptroot & Mercado Diaz (with a thallus with deeply immersed simple ascomata with vertical ostioles, which are superficial and bright red, and 3-septate ascospores 25–28×9–12 μm) are described from submontane evergreen forests in Puerto Rico. Pyrenula biseptata Aptroot & M. Cáceres (with simple ascomata with vertical ostioles, an inspersed hamathecium and 2-septate ascospores 11–12×4·5–5·0 μm) and P. xanthinspersa Aptroot & M. Cáceres (with an ecorticate thallus containing lichexanthone, simple ascomata with vertical ostioles, not inspersed hamathecium and 3-septate ascospores 14–17×6·0–7·5 μm) are described from rainforest in Amazonian Brazil. Pyrenula subvariabilis Aptroot & Sipman (with fused ascomata with lateral ostioles and submuriform ascospores 17–20(–25)×6–9 μm) and Sulcopyrenula biseriata Aptroot & Sipman (with a thallus containing lichexanthone, simple ascomata with lateral ostioles and lozenge-shaped ascospores with 8 locules, (13–)15–17(–20)×8–10 (width)×6–7 (thickness) μm) are described from savannahs in Guyana. Special attention is paid to the genus Pyrgillus: two new species from the 3-septate core group of this small genus are described from Brazil, viz. P. aurantiacus Aptroot & M. Cáceres (with a corticate thallus containing lichexanthone, mazaedium with orange, KOH+ violet, UV+ red pruina and ascospores of 13–16×6·0–7·5 μm) and P. rufus Aptroot & M. Cáceres (with a corticate thallus containing lichexanthone, mazaedium with dark red, KOH+ orange, UV+ red pruina and ascospores of 15·0–17·5×5·0–6·5 μm). An updated key to the 3-septate species of Pyrgillus is provided.
Estimating the timescale of Lobaria diversification
Authors: CORNEJO Carolina , SCHEIDEGGER Christoph 
Published: January 2018

AbstractUsing an ITS mutation rate as calibration reference, a three-locus timetree was generated for the genus Lobaria and its most important clades. The timetree resolved most clades with strong support and gave an estimate of the diversification time for Lobaria during the early Oligocene. A fossil impression from a 12–24 million-year-old Miocene deposit is hypothesized here to belong to an ancestral Lobaria species. Additionally, the age estimate indicates that the paleoclimate and the closing or opening of the Bering Strait played a major role in shaping the current distribution of most Lobaria species. It is hypothesized that the Bering land bridge acted as a major highway during warm-temperate climate periods, but as a barrier during Arctic climate times.
Maybe it's a grime [t]ing:th-stopping among urban British youth
Authors: Drummond Rob 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis article examines how voicelessth-stopping (e.g.tingforthing) is used by a group of adolescents in Manchester, UK. The data come from an ethnographic project into the speech of fourteen to sixteen year olds who have been excluded from mainstream education. Althoughth-stopping is often strongly associated with black varieties of English, multiple regression analysis finds ethnicity not to be a statistically significant factor in its production. Instead, conversational context and involvement in aspects of particular social practices—grime (rap) and dancehall music—emerge as potentially more relevant. Subsequent interactional analysis adds support to this interpretation, illustrating how the feature is being used more or less strategically (and more or less successfully) by individuals in this context in order to adopt particular stances, thereby enacting particular identities that are only tangentially related to ethnicity. I argue that use ofth-stopping in this context indexes a particular street identity that is made more available through participation in grime especially. (th-stopping, youth language, identity, ethnography, grime, hip hop)*
Can history improve big bang health reform? Commentary
Authors: Marchildon Gregory P. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAt present, the professional skills of the historian are rarely relied upon when health policies are being formulated. There are numerous reasons for this, one of which is the natural desire of decision-makers to break with the past when enactingbig bangpolicy change. This article identifies the strengths professional historians bring to bear on policy development using the establishment and subsequent reform of universal health coverage as an example. Historians provide pertinent and historically informed context; isolate the forces that have historically allowed for major reform; and separate the truly novel reforms from those attempted or implemented in the past. In addition, the historian’s use of primary sources allows potentially new and highly salient facts to guide the framing of the policy problem and its solution. This paper argues that historians are critical for constructing a viable narrative of the establishment and evolution of universal health coverage policies. The lack of this narrative makes it difficult to achieve an accurate assessment of systemic gaps in coverage and access, and the design or redesign of universal health coverage that can successfully close these gaps.
EPSPSGene Amplification Primarily Confers Glyphosate Resistance among Arkansas Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Populations
Authors: Singh Shilpa , Singh Vijay , Lawton-Rauh Amy , Bagavathiannan Muthukumar V. , Roma-Burgos Nilda 
Published: January 2018

AbstractResearch was conducted to determine whether resistance to glyphosate among Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeriS. Watson) populations within the U.S. state of Arkansas was due solely to increasedEPSPSgene copy number and whether gene copy number is correlated with resistance level to glyphosate. One hundred and fifteenA. palmeriaccessions were treated with 840 g ae ha−1glyphosate. Twenty of these accessions, selected to represent a broad range of responses to glyphosate, underwent further testing. Seven of the accessions were controlled with this dose; the rest were resistant. The effective dose to cause 50% injury (ED50) for susceptible accessions ranged from 28 to 207 g ha−1. The glyphosate-resistant (GR) accessions had ED50values ranging from 494 to 1,355 g ha−1, a 3- to 48-fold resistance level compared with the susceptible standard (SS). The 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene relative copy number was determined for 20 accessions, 4 plants accession−1. Resistant plants from five GR accessions (38% of resistant plants tested) did not have increasedEPSPSgene copies. Resistant plants from the remaining eight GR accessions (62% of resistant plants tested) had 19 to 224 moreEPSPSgene copies than the SS. Among the accessions tested, injury declined 4% with every additionalEPSPScopy. ED50values were directly correlated withEPSPScopy number. The highly resistant accession MIS11-B had an ED50of 1,355 g ha−1and 150 gene copies. Partial sequences ofEPSPSfrom GR accessions withoutEPSPSamplification did not contain any of the known resistance-conferring mutations. Nearly 40% of GR accessions putatively harbor non–target site resistance mechanisms. Therefore, elevatedEPSPSgene copy number is associated with glyphosate resistance amongA. palmerifrom Arkansas.
High-resolution grayscale image hidden in a laser beam
Authors: Yue Fuyong , Zhang Chunmei , Zang Xiao-Fei , Wen Dandan , Gerardot Brian D , Zhang Shuang , Chen Xianzhong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractImages perceived by human eyes or recorded by cameras are usually optical patterns with spatially varying intensity or color profiles. In addition to the intensity and color, the information of an image can be encoded in a spatially varying distribution of phase or polarization state. Interestingly, such images might not be able to be directly viewed by human eyes or cameras because they may exhibit highly uniform intensity profiles. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate an approach to hide a high-resolution grayscale image in a square laser beam with a size of less than half a millimeter. An image with a pixel size of 300 × 300 nm is encoded into the spatially variant polarization states of the laser beam, which can be revealed after passing through a linear polarizer. This unique technology for hiding grayscale images and polarization manipulation provides new opportunities for various applications, including encryption, imaging, optical communications, quantum science and fundamental physics.
Primed atypical ductal hyperplasia-associated fibroblasts promote cell growth and polarity changes of transformed epithelium-like breast cancer MCF-7 cells via miR-200b/c-IKKβ signaling
Authors: Sun Yan , Yang Dan , Xi Lei , Chen Yanlin , Fu Lixin , Sun Kexin , Yin Jiali , Li Xiaotian , Liu Shuiqing , Qin Yilu , Liu Manran , Hou Yixuan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) support tumorigenesis by stimulating cancer cell proliferation, and invasion, but how the premalignant stromal fibroblasts trigger epithelial changes remain unclear. We demonstrate that atypical ductal hyperplasia-associated fibroblasts (AHFs) are one kind of activated fibroblasts and stimulate cell growth and polarity change of epithelium-like tumor cell MCF-7 as CAFs-like fibroblasts. Microarray shows miR-200b and miR-200c are downregulated during AHFs and CAFs, and contribute to stromal fibroblast activity. Additionally, miR-200b/c with target gene IKKβ (inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase β) control PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) expression to regulate growth and polarity changes of MCF-7 cells through NF-κB pathway. Exploring the difference of AHFs in premalignant transformation is crucial for understanding the pathobiology of breast cancer progression.
The BAX/BAK-like protein BOK is a prognostic marker in colorectal cancer
Authors: Carberry Steven , D’Orsi Beatrice , Monsefi Naser , Salvucci Manuela , Bacon Orna , Fay Joanna , Rehm Markus , McNamara Deborah , Kay Elaine W. , Prehn Jochen H. M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe intrinsic or mitochondrial apoptosis pathway is controlled by the interaction of antiapoptotic and pro-apoptotic members of the BCL-2 protein family. Activation of this death pathway plays a crucial role in cancer progression and chemotherapy responses. The BCL-2-related ovarian killer (BOK) possesses three BCL-2 homology domains and has been proposed to act in a similar pro-apoptotic pathway as the pro-apoptotic proteins BAX and BAK. In this study, we showed that stage II and III colorectal cancer patients possessed decreased levels of BOK protein in their tumours compared to matched normal tissue. BOK protein levels in tumours were also prognostic of clinical outcome but increased BOK protein levels surprisingly associated with earlier disease recurrence and reduced overall survival. We found no significant association of BOK protein tumour levels with ER stress markers GRP78 or GRP94 or with cleaved caspase-3. In contrast, BOK protein levels correlated with Calreticulin. These data indicate BOK as a prognostic marker in colorectal cancer and suggest that different activities of BOK may contribute to cancer progression and prognosis.
Downregulation of annexin A3 inhibits tumor metastasis and decreases drug resistance in breast cancer
Authors: Du Ruikai , Liu Bingjie , Zhou Lei , Wang Dong , He Xueyan , Xu Xiaojun , Zhang Lixing , Niu Chaoshi , Liu Suling 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAnnexin A3 (ANXA3) is dysregulated and plays an important role in various cancers. However, the role ofANXA3in breast cancer is still unclear. Here, we observed that the expression level ofANXA3was significantly upregulated in breast cancer tissues. ANXA3 knockdown inhibited cell invasion but promoted cell proliferation in both in vitro and in vivo assays. Furthermore, we found that ANXA3 knockdown inhibited the NFκB pathway via upregulating IκBα, resulting in mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET) and a heterogeneity change of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). In addition, we demonstrated that ANXA3 knockdown increased the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to doxorubicin by increasing the drug uptake. The combination of ANXA3 knockdown and doxorubicin treatment simultaneously inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. This study described the role and mechanisms of ANXA3 in regulating BCSCs and breast cancer growth and metastasis, indicating that downregulating ANXA3 together with chemotherapy might be a novel therapeutic strategy for treating breast cancer.
Neutralization of CD95 ligand protects the liver against ischemia-reperfusion injury and prevents acute liver failure
Authors: Al-Saeedi Mohammed , Steinebrunner Niels , Kudsi Hassan , Halama Niels , Mogler Carolin , Büchler Markus W. , Krammer Peter H. , Schemmer Peter , Müller Martina 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIschemia-reperfusion injury is a common pathological process in liver surgery and transplantation, and has considerable impact on the patient outcome and survival. Death receptors are important mediators of ischemia-reperfusion injury, notably the signaling pathways of the death receptor CD95 (Apo-1/Fas) and its corresponding ligand CD95L. This study investigates, for the first time, whether the inhibition of CD95L protects the liver against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Warm ischemia was induced in the median and left liver lobes of C57BL/6 mice for 45 min. CD95Fc, a specific inhibitor of CD95L, was applied prior to ischemia. Hepatic injury was assessed via consecutive measurements of liver serum enzymes, histopathological assessment of apoptosis and necrosis and caspase assays at 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 h after reperfusion. Serum levels of liver enzymes, as well as characteristic histopathological changes and caspase assays indicated pronounced features of apoptotic and necrotic liver damage 12 and 24 h after ischemia-reperfusion injury. Animals treated with the CD95L-blocker CD95Fc, exhibited a significant reduction in the level of serum liver enzymes and showed both decreased histopathological signs of parenchymal damage and decreased caspase activation. This study demonstrates that inhibition of CD95L with the CD95L-blocker CD95Fc, is effective in protecting mice from liver failure due to ischemia-reperfusion injury of the liver. CD95Fc could therefore emerge as a new pharmacological therapy for liver resection, transplantation surgery and acute liver failure.
Involvement of both caspase-8 and Noxa-activated pathways in endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis in triple-negative breast tumor cells
Authors: Cano-González Ana , Mauro-Lizcano Marta , Iglesias-Serret Daniel , Gil Joan , López-Rivas Abelardo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRecent evidences indicate that triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells with a mesenchymal phenotype show a basal activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) that increases their sensitivity to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress although the underlying cell death mechanism remains largely unexplored. Here we show that both caspase-8-dependent and -independent apoptotic mechanisms are activated in TNBC cells undergoing sustained ER stress. Activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway by ER stress involves ATF4-dependent upregulation of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2/DR5). In addition, accumulation of BH3-only protein Noxa at the mitochondria further contributes to apoptosis following ER stress in TNBC cells. Accordingly, simultaneous abrogation of both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways is required to inhibit ER stress-induced apoptosis in these cells. Importantly, persistent FLICE-inhibitory protein (FLIP) expression plays an adaptive role to prevent early activation of the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis upon ER stress. Overall, our data show that ER stress induces cell death through a pleiotropic mechanism in TNBC cells and suggest that targeting FLIP expression may be an effective approach to sensitize these tumor cells to ER stress-inducing agents.