bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asynchronous teledentistry program in two long‐term care facilities: Iowa's virtual dental home pilot project
Authors: Hartshorn Jennifer E. , Nwachukwu Pamela C. , Heeren Tessa , Castelaz McAllister , Johnson Tessa , Pendleton Chandler , Glassman Paul , Levy Steve M. , Reynolds Julie C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionOlder adults living in long‐term care facilities (LTCFs) often have poor oral health and difficulty accessing dental services. The aim was to implement a virtual dental home (VDH) program for residents in two LTCFs utilizing asynchronous teledentistry techniques and mobile dental equipment.MethodsThis pilot project was a 6‐month longitudinal cohort study in two LTCFs. Dental hygienists and dentists from a local community health care center utilized asynchronous teledentistry to provide diagnostic and preventive dental services onsite and to establish a dental home for additional comprehensive care services. Data were collected, including resident's demographics, oral health status, and dental services received. Descriptive data analyses, Wilcoxon signed rank, and McNemar tests were conducted.ResultsThirty‐four residents completed in‐person baseline oral exams and 16 residents completed the recall exams. Ninety‐two percent (n = 23) of dentate residents (n = 25) had untreated caries and 64% (n = 16) of dentate residents had at least one sextant of severe gingival inflammation. The median number of teeth with active untreated caries (p = .01) significantly decreased and arrested caries (p = .02) significantly increased from baseline.ConclusionIowa's VDH pilot project was successful in establishing a dental home using asynchronous teledentistry for residents in two LTCFs and providing resident access to preventive and disease control dental services.
Flow Cytometry for the Detection and Quantification of Mast Cells in Lymph Nodes: A Prospective Study in 64 Dogs With Mast Cell Tumour
Authors: Iamone Giulia , Chalfon Carmit , Marconato Laura , Miniscalco Barbara , Sabattini Silvia , Agnoli Chiara , Martano Marina , Spindler Kevin Pascal , Morello Emanuela , Iussich Selina , Ferraris Erica Ilaria , Riondato Fulvio 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTNodal metastasis is a negative prognostic factor in dogs with mast cell tumours (MCTs), thus early detection enables more informed decision‐making and provides valuable prognostic information. The aim of this study is to assess the concordance between histopathologic findings of LNs and cytology and flow cytometry (FC), respectively, and to evaluate the ability of FC to differentiate between metastatic (HN2–HN3) and non‐metastatic (HN0–HN1) LNs. Overall, 117 LNs from 64 dogs with first occurring MCTs were submitted for cytology, histology and FC. LNs were cytologically and histologically classified according to Krick and Weishaar systems, respectively. Using FC, mast cells (MCs) were identified as IgE+ CD117+ CD5− CD21− cells and quantified as a percentage. When compared with histologic classification, cytology showed an accuracy of 88.2% in distinguishing between metastatic and non‐metastatic LNs but did not detect 25.3% of metastatic cases. FC revealed an increase in the median percentages of MCs across histologic classes, progressing from HN0 to HN3. ROC curves pinpointed 0.3% as the optimal cut‐off for distinguishing between metastatic and non‐metastatic LNs, with an accuracy of 84.3%. A 1.1% cut‐off proved valuable in identifying HN3 LNs. The combined interpretation of cytology and FC increased accuracy to 92.2%. An algorithm for guiding the combined interpretation of cytology and FC is suggested based on these findings. In conclusion, FC proves beneficial in enhancing the early detection of metastatic LNs, particularly when utilised alongside cytology. Histopathology remains essential for confirmation, enabling the discrimination of HN classes or, in doubtful cases, for the detection or exclusion of nodal metastases.
Detection of Mycobacterium bovis in Free‐Ranging Sapajus nigritus, Argentina
Authors: Lamattina Daniela , Martinez Mariela Florencia , Couto Esteban Manuel , Scarry Clara , Tujague María Paula , Arrabal Juan Pablo , Di Nucci Dante Luis , Lestani Eduardo Ariel , Bombelli Diego , López Marcela Andrea , Sasoni Natalia , Piloni Rossana , Kim Angélica , Zenobi Carlos , Marfil María Jimena , Trigo Roberto , Pérez Néstor Eduardo , Cáceres María Gabriela , Salomón Oscar Daniel 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTMycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis are the most relevant among pathogenic mycobacteria, both belonging to the M. tuberculosis complex (MTC). Samples of blood, liver, spleen, kidneys, lungs and caseous tubercles were collected from a free‐ranging juvenile black capuchin monkey (Sapajus nigritus) showing non‐specific signs of illness. Macroscopic findings included emaciation, a caseous lesion in a tooth and gingiva, disseminated nodules in both lungs and left kidney parenchyma and caseous nodules on the pleura and mesentery. The lesions suggested MTC infection, a diagnosis subsequently supported in the lung by bacilloscopy, immunochromatography and PCR. A multiplex PCR further validated the presence of M. bovis genes. Cases of tuberculosis in platyrrhine primates have only been reported in animals maintained in captivity. We describe for the first time the pathological and molecular findings of M. bovis infection in a free‐ranging platyrrhine monkey within an area of intense human–wildlife interaction, which has important implications from a One Health perspective.
Type Synthesis of a Novel Class of One-DOF Multi-Mode Parallel Mechanisms
Authors: Kong Xianwen , He Xiuyun , Kostalas Tom 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Multi-mode parallel mechanisms (PMs) are a class of reconfigurable mechanisms that can switch between different operation modes without the need for disconnection and reassembly. Although a number of multi-DOF multi-mode PMs have been presented in the literature, very few 1-DOF multi-mode PMs have been proposed. This paper deals with the type synthesis of a novel class of 1-DOF multi-mode PMs, which have one 1-DOF translation mode and at least one 1-DOF planar motion mode, using a construction method by leveraging symmetry of mechanisms and merging two multi-mode mechanisms. By inserting a revolute (R) joint into Sarrus-6R like six-joint mechanisms, 1-DOF two-mode two-legged PMs, which are composed of a moving platform and a base connected by one three-joint leg and one four-joint leg, are constructed first. From each 1-DOF two-mode two-legged PM, one can construct a 1-DOF two-mode three-legged PM by adding a third four-joint leg which is the mirror image of the four-joint leg about the plane of motion of the three-joint leg. Subsequently, 1-DOF three- and four-mode three-legged PMs are constructed by merging two 1-DOF multi-mode three-legged PMs. The instantaneous DOF of the above multi-mode PMs in a transition configuration is analyzed using screw theory. This work complements the existing approaches to the type synthesis of multi-mode PMs and hybrid reconfigurable mechanisms.
Consistency Analysis of Burst Pressure in Corroded Pipelines
Authors: Chen Zhan-Feng , Huang Yapeng , Wang Wen , Wang Yanxin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Due to the influence of the working environment and transport medium, corrosion defects inevitably occur on the inner and outer walls of the pipelines. Authors have often studied the effect of internal and external corrosion defects on pipe burst pressure based on finite element method and experimental data, respectively. It is not clear whether single-point internal corrosion defects and single-point external corrosion defects are consistent in burst pressure of pipelines. For this reason, this paper establishes the internal and external corrosion defect model of the pipe with the same geometry and material properties based on finite element method. In addition, the burst pressures of pipelines with internal corrosion defects are compared with that with external corrosion defects. Finally, a burst pressure equation is proposed for the pipelines with internal corrosion defects and external corrosion defects. It was found that the burst pressure of the pipelines with internal and external corrosion defects was consistent. It provides a new idea for the establishment of a unified model to predict the burst strength of corroded pipelines.
Large Eddy Simulation Analysis of Loss Anomaly of a Turbine Blade With Large Trailing Edge Radius
Authors: Miki Kenji , Ameri Ali , Giel Paul 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
There is great interest in the usage of ceramic matrix composites (CMC) as a turbine blade material. However, depending on the manufacturing process of the CMC, blades may have a thicker trailing edge. The design space therefore needs to be updated due to the resulting flow physics. Recently, experimental results acquired at the NASA Glenn Transonic Turbine Blade Cascade Rig showed that a loss measure generally increased with increasing trailing edge thickness. For some cases, however, the general downward trend of the loss with increasing Reynolds number (Re) was interrupted by a local loss peak around Re ∼1.24 × 106, and then subsequently dropped to the original pre-peak trend. A possible cause of this intriguing phenomenon was speculated to be transonic vortex shedding, which is the mechanism of vortex shedding promoted by reflected shed pressure waves at the trailing edge at relatively high Reynolds numbers and transonic Mach numbers. A Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes analysis or an under-resolved large eddy simulation (LES) does not reproduce this apparent anomaly and thus a highly-resolved LES (the total mesh count of ∼290 million cells) was performed to investigate the aerodynamics of the CMC blade. The numerical results at Re = 1,246,350 show that the pressure waves generated by the vortex shedding in the wake travel upstream and significantly influence the transition and separation on the suction side thus enhancing the vortex shedding in the wake. This feedback does not hold under a low-Re condition (Re = 621,900). The Reynolds number dependence was also examined by numerical perturbation of the pressure waves in the wake and by examining how such perturbation attenuates or endures. It is confirmed that the perturbation of the pressure waves is quickly damped below a set Reynolds number.
Optimal Tungsten Inert Gas Welding Parameters of Dissimilar Aluminum Alloys Al 7075 and Al 6061 Using Ultrasonic Vibration and Nanocomposite Filler (Al 5356/ZrB2) to Alleviate Hot Cracking Phenomenon
Authors: Rangasamy Gokul Raju , Nampoothiri Jayakrishnan , Annamalai Dhilip , Algappan Lakshmanan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this study, the welding of dissimilar aluminum alloys, Al 7075 and Al 6061, was investigated using Al 5356 filler rods reinforced with ZrB2 particles. The welding process was conducted using tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding, with and without ultrasonic vibration, to enhance weld quality and reduce hot cracking. Optimization of process parameters for dissimilar TIG welding was performed through Response Surface Methodology (RSM), which generated a design matrix to analyze the influence of process parameters on response variables. Numerical and graphical optimization was applied to minimize hot cracking sensitivity and maximize microhardness. The RSM-based models suggested an optimal welding current of 93 A, the use of Al 5356/ZrB2 nanocomposite filler, and the application of ultrasonic vibrations. Experimental validation of the identified solution demonstrated improvements in weld quality, including increased yield strength and ductility. The combination of nano-reinforced fillers and ultrasonic vibrations was found to enhance weldability and mitigate hot cracking in dissimilar aluminum joints. The mechanism of hot cracking reduction involved grain refinement, degassing, and homogenization due to ultrasonic vibrations, as well as the modification of weld pool chemistry and control of dilution by the nanocomposite filler, which collectively minimized solidification shrinkage and stress. Under these optimized conditions, no hot cracking was observed experimentally.
A flagellar accessory protein links chemotaxis to surface sensing
Authors: Salemi Rachel I. , Cruz Ana K. , Hershey David M. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Bacteria find suitable locations for colonization by sensing and responding to surfaces. Complex signaling repertoires control surface colonization, and surface contact sensing by the flagellum plays a central role in activating colonization programs.
Caulobacter crescentus
adheres to surfaces using a polysaccharide adhesin called the holdfast. In
C. crescentus
, disruption of the flagellum through interactions with a surface or mutation of flagellar genes increases holdfast production. Our group previously identified several
C. crescentus
genes involved in flagellar surface sensing. One of these,
fssF
, codes for a protein with homology to the flagellar C-ring protein FliN. We show here that a fluorescently tagged FssF protein localizes to the flagellated pole of the cell and requires all components of the flagellar C-ring for proper localization, supporting the model that FssF associates with the C-ring. Deleting
fssF
results in a severe motility defect, which we show is due to a disruption of chemotaxis. Epistasis experiments demonstrate that
fssF
promotes adhesion through a stator-dependent pathway when late-stage flagellar mutants are disrupted. Separately, we find that disruption of chemotaxis through deletion of
fssF
or other chemotaxis genes results in a hyperadhesion phenotype. Key genes in the surface sensing network (
pleD
,
motB
, and
dgcB
) contribute to both ∆
flgH-
dependent and ∆
fssF-
dependent hyperadhesion, but these genes affect adhesion differently in the two hyperadhesive backgrounds. Our results support a model in which the stator subunits of the flagella incorporate both mechanical and chemical signals to regulate adhesion.

IMPORTANCE

Bacterial biofilms pose a threat in clinical and industrial settings. Surface sensing is one of the first steps in biofilm formation. Studying surface sensing can improve our understanding of biofilm formation and develop preventative strategies. In this study, we use the freshwater bacterium
Caulobacter crescentus
to study surface sensing and the regulation of surface attachment. We characterize a previously unstudied gene,
fssF
, and find that it localizes to the cell pole in the presence of three proteins that make up a component of the flagellum called the C-ring. Additionally, we find that
fssF
is required for chemotaxis behavior but dispensable for swimming motility. Lastly, our results indicate that deletion of
fssF
and other genes required for chemotaxis results in a hyperadhesive phenotype. These results support that surface sensing requires chemotaxis for a robust response to a surface.
Multi-omics analysis reveals the interplay between pulmonary microbiome and host in immunocompromised patients with sepsis-induced acute lung injury
Authors: Lu Fan , Huang Ting , Chen Ruichang , Yin Haiyan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

The mechanisms behind the high inflammatory state and immunocompromise in severe sepsis remain unclear. While microbiota’s role in immune regulation is known, the impact of pulmonary microbiota on sepsis progression is not fully understood. This study aims to investigate pulmonary microbial characteristics in septic patients and their relationship with host immune-related genes and clinical features. Fifty-four sepsis patients were divided into the immunocompromised host (ICH) group (
n
= 18) and the control group (
n
= 36). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was analyzed using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to assess the pulmonary microbiome, and transcriptomic sequencing evaluated host gene expression. The pulmonary microbiota network in the ICH group showed notable alterations. Symbiotic bacteria like
Streptococcus salivarius
and
Streptococcus oralis
were key taxa in the control group. In contrast, opportunistic pathogens such as
Campylobacter concisus
and
Prevotella melaninogenica
, typically linked to infections in various body sites, dominated in the ICH group. Transcriptomic analysis revealed differential genes between the two groups. The downregulated differential genes in the ICH group were primarily enriched in pathways related to T-cell activation and the Type I interferon signaling pathway, both crucial for the immune system. Further correlation analysis identified significant associations between certain microbes and host genes, as well as clinical indicators, particularly with species like
Campylobacter concisus
,
Streptococcus salivarius
,
Streptococcus oralis
, and several species of
Veillonella
. These findings suggest that alterations in the pulmonary microbiome, especially the presence of opportunistic pathogens, may contribute to immune dysregulation in immunocompromised septic patients, warranting further research to explore causal relationships.

IMPORTANCE
Recent research has substantiated the significant role of microbiota in immune regulation, which could influence high inflammatory state and immunocompromise in patients with severe sepsis, as well as provide new opportunities for acute lung injury induced by sepsis diagnosis and treatment. Our study identified some potential critical microbes (Campylobacter concisus and several species of Veillonella), which were correlated with immune-related genes and might be the novel target to regulate immunotherapy in sepsis.
Geology, coastal geomorphology, and soils of eastern Santa Cruz Island (Limuw), Channel Islands National Park, California, USA
Authors: Muhs Daniel R. , Schumann R. Randall , Minor Scott A. , Groves Lindsey T. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
This one-day field trip explores northeastern Santa Cruz Island (Limuw, in native Chumash), a part of Channel Islands National Park, USA. The geomorphology of eastern Santa Cruz Island has been controlled largely by active tectonics and sea-level fluctuations. The bedrock is Miocene volcanic rock overlain by Miocene shale and siltstone. The island has experienced Quaternary uplift, perhaps due to movement along an offshore thrust fault. Smaller faults are exposed in sea cliffs and have displaced Miocene rocks. Superimposed upon island uplift, there have been Quaternary sea-level fluctuations from interglacial-glacial climate changes. Interglacial high-sea stands are recorded as marine terraces. The last major interglacial period, ~120,000 years ago, left only small remnants of marine terraces. Most evidence of this high-sea stand was eroded away in the Holocene. However, a prominent marine terrace is preserved at 75–120 m above sea level. Some fossil mollusks from the deposits of this terrace, probably reworked, have given ages as old as Pliocene, but most yield ages of 2.6–2.0 Ma. The age and elevation of this terrace indicate a very low rate of tectonic uplift, similar to nearby Anacapa Island. A low uplift rate explains the absence or scarcity of younger terraces, including that of the last interglacial period. Low stands of sea (glacial periods) exposed the insular shelf, rich in carbonate skeletal sand. During glacial periods, these sands were entrained by the wind, deposited as dunes on marine terraces, and cemented into eolianite. Clay-rich Vertisols with silt mantles have developed on eolianites and terraces of the island, partly from in situ weathering, but also from inputs of Mojave Desert dust during Santa Ana wind events. This guide includes stops at Scorpion Anchorage, Cavern Point, and Potato Harbor. It provides insights into the bedrock, coastal geomorphology, fossiliferous marine terraces, eolianite, Vertisols, and the three formations on eastern Santa Cruz Island: the Santa Cruz Island Volcanics, the Monterey Formation, and the Potato Harbor Formation.
Crustal bobbing in response to lithospheric foundering recorded by detrital proxy records from the central Andean Plateau
Authors: Carrapa B. , Jepson G. , DeCelles P.G. , George S.W.M. , Ducea M. , Campbell C. , Dawson (née Canavan) R.R. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Lithospheric foundering is an important mechanism of crustal deformation and recycling, basin subsidence, and surface uplift in orogenic systems. The Arizaro Basin, in the Puna region of NW Argentina, is a place where foundering was proposed to have taken place during the late Miocene. The Arizaro Basin has been described as a “bobber” basin produced by Miocene lithospheric foundering. The geometry, sedimentology, deformation, and paleoelevation history of the Arizaro Basin and surrounding arc suggest dynamic processes associated with lithospheric removal. Although analogue and numerical models support this hypothesis, the history of crustal thickness in response to lithospheric removal remains unconstrained. Here, we used a novel approach exploiting the geochemistry of detrital zircons from volcanic ashes intercalated within the Arizaro Basin stratigraphy to reconstruct the paleocrustal thickness of the neighboring magmatic sources throughout the Cenozoic. Our data indicate that the sources of volcanism for the Arizaro Basin were characterized by relatively thick crust (~53 km) since ca. 36 Ma. Thickening between ca. 20 and 13 Ma and thinning after ca. 13 Ma are consistent with formation and subsequent removal of a crustal root under the nearby arc and Aguas Calientes caldera.
Rates of fall injuries across three claims databases, 2019
Authors: Miller Gabrielle F , Dunphy Christopher , Haddad Yara K , Chen Jufu , Alic Alen , Thomas Karen , Wolkin Amy F 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionIn 2021, among all age groups, falls ranked as the third leading cause of unintentional injury death in the USA. Unlike fatal data, which rely on death certificates as the gold standard, there is not a gold standard for non-fatal data. Non-fatal falls data are often based on insurance claims or administrative billing data. The purpose of our study is to compare three claims databases to estimate rates of unintentional fall-related hospitalisations in 2019, the most recent year of available data across the three sources.MethodsThree databases were used to produce incidence rates of fall-related hospitalisations for the year 2019: (1) Merative MarketScan research databases, (2) Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) data and (3) Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) National Inpatient Sample. Inpatient falls were identified using International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification codes. Incidence rates per 100 000 people were then produced across all three datasets by payer type. Unadjusted incidence rate ratios were estimated with corresponding 95% CIs.ResultsThere were wide disparities among fall rates between the three datasets by payer type. HCUP had the highest rate of falls among Medicare (1087.6 per 100 000) and commercial enrollees (74.7 per 100 000), while CMS had the highest rates of falls among Medicaid enrollees (148.0 per 100 000).ConclusionsThis study shows wide variation in fall hospitalisation rates based on the claims data used to estimate rates. This study suggests that database selection is an important consideration when determining incidence of non-fatal falls.