bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Varied Role of Ubiquitylation in Generating MHC Class I Peptide Ligands
Authors: Wei Jiajie , Zanker Damien , Di Carluccio Anthony R. , Smelkinson Margery G. , Takeda Kazuyo , Seedhom Mina O. , Dersh Devin , Gibbs James S. , Yang Ning , Jadhav Ajit , Chen Weisan , Yewdell Jonathan W. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
CD8+ T cell immunosurveillance is based on recognizing oligopeptides presented by MHC class I molecules. Despite decades of study, the importance of protein ubiquitylation to peptide generation remains uncertain. In this study, we examined the ability of MLN7243, a recently described ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1 inhibitor, to block overall cytosolic peptide generation and generation of specific peptides from vaccinia- and influenza A virus–encoded proteins. We show that MLN7243 rapidly inhibits ubiquitylation in a variety of cell lines and can profoundly reduce the generation of cytosolic peptides. Kinetic analysis of specific peptide generation reveals that ubiquitylation of defective ribosomal products is rate limiting in generating class I peptide complexes. More generally, our findings demonstrate that the requirement for ubiquitylation in MHC class I–restricted Ag processing varies with class I allomorph, cell type, source protein, and peptide context. Thus, ubiquitin-dependent and -independent pathways robustly contribute to MHC class I–based immunosurveillance.
Assembly of a conduct risk regulatory model for developing market banks
Authors: Hargarter Antje , Van Vuuren Gary 
Published: April 2017

Background: The substantial penalties imposed on banks in the recent past for various conduct irregularities have given rise to a new type of risk called conduct risk. Conduct risk comes about when financial services companies conduct themselves in an inappropriate way towards their customers, resulting in a negative (economic) outcome for the customer. What makes the management and mitigation of conduct risk by banks so different is that it cannot be easily integrated into a bank’s standard risk management framework. So far, the concept of conduct risk has not been formally covered by the Basel Accords.Aim: There are, however, global efforts by international organisations and local regulators to control it – with little clarity on the ‘how’. The aim of this study is to explore this ‘how’.Setting: While regulators need to protect customers, resulting in a positive outcome for the customer, they must also ensure that banks take conduct risk management and its mitigation seriously. At the same time, any regulatory model for conduct risk needs to be incorporated into the existing bank regulatory strategy and methodology and assimilated with the profile of a country.Methods: An exploratory model that regulators could use to keep conduct risk at bay is developed based on primary and secondary data and this is then applied to the South African, Kenyan and Malaysian milieus to determine what can be learnt about conduct risk in emerging economies.Results: The model investigates the interrelationships between different goals that regulators ideally need to achieve and the findings show that regulators have a difficult task balancing these goals and at the same time achieving a positive outcome.Conclusion: Based on the model, the recommendation for regulators in the developing world would be to collaborate in their approach to conduct risk, as they might face similar difficulties and operate in a comparable context.
A comparison of the value relevance of interim and annual financial statements
Authors: Zulu Mbalenhle , De Klerk Marna , Oberholster Johan G.I. 
Published: April 2017

Background: This study tests the value relevance of interim accounting information. The study also explores whether the value relevance of annual and interim financial statements has changed over time.Aim: It explores whether the value relevance of interim financial statements is higher than the value relevance of annual financial statements. Finally, it investigates whether accounting information published in interim and annual financial statements has incremental value relevance.Setting: Data for the period from 1999 to 2012 were collected from a sample of non-financial companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange.Method: The Ohlson model to investigate the value relevance of accounting information was used for the study.Results: The results show that interim book value of equity is value relevant while interim earnings are not. Interim financial statements appear to have higher value relevance than annual financial statements. The value relevance of interim and annual accounting information has remained fairly constant over the sample period. Incremental comparisons provide evidence that additional book value of equity and earnings that accrue to a company between interim and annual reporting dates are value relevant.Conclusion: The study was conducted over a long sample period (1999–2012), in an era when a technology-driven economy and more timely reporting media could have had an effect on the value relevance of published accounting information. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate and compare the value relevance of published interim and annual financial statements.
Fractional Black–Scholes option pricing, volatility calibration and implied Hurst exponents in South African context
Authors: Flint Emlyn , Maré Eben 
Published: April 2017

Background: Contingent claims on underlying assets are typically priced under a framework that assumes, inter alia, that the log returns of the underlying asset are normally distributed. However, many researchers have shown that this assumption is violated in practice. Such violations include the statistical properties of heavy tails, volatility clustering, leptokurtosis and long memory. This paper considers the pricing of contingent claims when the underlying is assumed to display long memory, an issue that has heretofore not received much attention.Aim: We address several theoretical and practical issues in option pricing and implied volatility calibration in a fractional Black–Scholes market. We introduce a novel eight-parameter fractional Black–Scholes-inspired (FBSI) model for the implied volatility surface, and consider in depth the issue of calibration. One of the main benefits of such a model is that it allows one to decompose implied volatility into an independent long-memory component – captured by an implied Hurst exponent – and a conditional implied volatility component. Such a decomposition has useful applications in the areas of derivatives trading, risk management, delta hedging and dynamic asset allocation.Setting: The proposed FBSI volatility model is calibrated to South African equity index options data as well as South African Rand/American Dollar currency options data. However, given the focus on the theoretical development of the model, the results in this paper are applicable across all financial markets.Methods: The FBSI model essentially combines a deterministic function form of the 1-year implied volatility skew with a separate deterministic function for the implied Hurst exponent, thus allowing one to model both observed implied volatility surfaces as well as decompose them into independent volatility and long-memory components respectively. Calibration of the model makes use of a quasi-explicit weighted least-squares optimisation routine.Results: It is shown that a fractional Black–Scholes model always admits a non-constant implied volatility term structure when the Hurst exponent is not 0.5, and that 1-year implied volatility is independent of the Hurst exponent and equivalent to fractional volatility. Furthermore, we show that the FBSI model fits the equity index implied volatility data very well but that a more flexible Hurst exponent parameterisation is required to fit accurately the currency implied volatility data.Conclusion: The FBSI model is an arbitrage-free deterministic volatility model that can accurately model equity index implied volatility. It also provides one with an estimate of the implied Hurst exponent, which could be very useful in derivatives trading and delta hedging.
Temporal changes in photoreactivity of dissolved organic carbon and implications for aquatic carbon fluxes from peatlands
Authors: Pickard Amy E. , Heal Kate V. , McLeod Andrew R. , Dinsmore Kerry J. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Aquatic systems draining peatland catchments receive a high loading of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from the surrounding terrestrial environment. Whilst photo-processing is known to be an important process in the transformation of aquatic DOC, the drivers of temporal variability in this pathway are less well understood. In this study, 8 h laboratory irradiation experiments were conducted on water samples collected from two contrasting peatland aquatic systems in Scotland: a peatland stream and a reservoir in a catchment with high percentage peat cover. Samples were collected monthly at both sites from May 2014 to May 2015 and from the stream system during two rainfall events. DOC concentrations, absorbance properties and fluorescence characteristics were measured to investigate characteristics of the photochemically labile fraction of DOC. CO2 and CO produced by irradiation were also measured to determine gaseous photoproduction and intrinsic sample photoreactivity. Significant variation was seen in the photoreactivity of DOC between the two systems, with total irradiation-induced changes typically 2 orders of magnitude greater at the high-DOC stream site. This is attributed to longer water residence times in the reservoir rendering a higher proportion of the DOC recalcitrant to photo-processing. During the experimental irradiation, 7 % of DOC in the stream water samples was photochemically reactive and direct conversion to CO2 accounted for 46 % of the measured DOC loss. Rainfall events were identified as important in replenishing photoreactive material in the stream, with lignin phenol data indicating mobilisation of fresh DOC derived from woody vegetation in the upper catchment. This study shows that peatland catchments produce significant volumes of aromatic DOC and that photoreactivity of this DOC is greatest in headwater streams; however, an improved understanding of water residence times and DOC input–output along the source to sea aquatic pathway is required to determine the fate of peatland carbon.
Evaluation of hospital staff’s perceived quality of librarian-mediated literature searching services
Authors: McKeown Sandra , Konrad Shauna-Lee , McTavish Jill , Boyce Erin 
Published: April 2017

Objective: The research evaluated the perceived quality of librarian-mediated literature searching services at one of Canada’s largest acute care teaching hospitals for the purpose of continuous quality improvement and investigation of relationships between variables that can impact user satisfaction.Methods: An online survey was constructed using evidence-based methodologies. A systematic sample of staff and physicians requesting literature searches at London Health Sciences Centre were invited to participate in the study over a one-year period. Data analyses included descriptive statistics of closed-ended questions and coding of open-ended questions.Results: A range of staff including clinicians, researchers, educators, leaders, and analysts submitted a total of 137 surveys, representing a response rate of 71%. Staff requested literature searches for the following “primary” purposes: research or publication (34%), teaching or training (20%), informing a policy or standard practice (16%), patient care (15%), and “other” purposes (15%). While the majority of staff (76%) submitted search requests using methods of written communication, including email and search request forms, staff using methods of verbal communication, including face-to-face and telephone conversations, were significantly more likely to be extremely satisfied with the librarian’s interpretation of the search request (p=0.004) and to rate the perceived quality of the search results as excellent (p=0.005). In most cases, librarians followed up with staff to clarify the details of their search requests (72%), and these staff were significantly more likely to be extremely satisfied with the librarian’s interpretation of the search request (p=0.002).Conclusions: Our results demonstrate the limitations of written communication in the context of librarian-mediated literature searching and suggest a multifaceted approach to quality improvement efforts. This article has been approved for the Medical Library Association’s Independent Reading Program.
The Effect of Cooperative Learning Strategy on Undergraduate Nursing Students Enrolled in Nursing Administration Course
Authors: Mahmoud Hala Gabr 
Published: April 2017

Todays, higher education emphasizes the importance of student centered learning. Further the aim of nursing education should be on the process of thinking and involve being proactive, collaborative and quality oriented. Cooperative learning is an approach to the aim of student-centered activities towards the attainment of the outcomes-based environment as required by accrediting and certifying bodies and agencies of higher education. Cooperative learning most often involves small groups of students who contribute to each other's learning. It is one of the innovative teaching strategies can be incorporated in the nursing curriculum for the better results and it is a great tool that can be used to enhance and promote higher student achievement.Therefore, a variety of teaching strategies have been designed to be used in teaching, ranging from teacher-centered strategies to more student-centered ones.Hence, the present study aims to assess the effect of cooperative learning strategy on undergraduate nursing students enrolled in nursing administration course at Faculty of Nursing, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia. A one-group before–after quasi-experimental design was used. The study was conducted at Faculty of Nursing at King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia. All nursing studentsenrolled in theeighth at the time of the study of the academic year 2015-2016were included in the study. Four tools were used for data collection namely; The Revised two-factor Study Process Questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F), Teamwork perception survey, Students’ Self-Perception Leadership Questionnaire, and Students' Opinner Questionnaire Sheet.A major finding of the present study revealed there was statistical significant difference between the pretest and post-test mean scores of students' deep learning approach, team perception of learning and self-perception of leadership of student. While there was no a significant difference was observed between the pre-test and post-test mean scores for the surface approach to learning. It was concluded that cooperative learning as a method and philosophy is an effective approach to fostering deeper approach to learning and improving communication skills of nursing students especially in interactive skills, team work, and their leadership abilities among nursing students. It is recommended to the successful introducing of cooperative learning in nursing education will improve professional performance.
Extent of Arabic Language Teachers’ Awareness of Reflective Thinking Skills and Relation to Students’ Attitude toward Arabic Language Course at Secondary Stage in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alhawamdeh Haifa Awwad 
Published: April 2017

The current study aims to indicate the extent to which Arabic language teachers are aware of reflective thinking skills and their relationship to their students’ attitude toward the course of Arabic language at the secondary stage in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study adopted the survey descriptive method. The population consisted of all students enrolled in the secondary schools of Najran (546) and (46) teachers, the sample was randomly selected numbered (40) teachers. The author used the questionnaire as a tool for data collection. The study showed that the students were able to master well the skills of reflective thinking, where they were able to retain and transfer reflective thinking in positions similar to those positions they trained. According to the study findings, some recommendations have been made.
MÉTODOS DE DETECÇÃO, TRANSMISSÃO E PATOGENICIDADE DE<i> Fusarium</i> spp. EM SEMENTES DE <i>Pinus taeda
Authors: Silva Thaisa Wendhausen Ramos da , Santos Álvaro Figueredo dos , Auer Celso Garcia , Tessmann Dauri José 
Published: April 2017

A podridão-de-raiz (PR), causada por Fusarium spp., ocasiona perdas de plântulas no viveiro que apresentam, inicialmente, descoloração das acículas para tom verde-amarelado seguida de curvatura apical, murcha e consequente morte da muda. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: a) determinar o método adequado e eficiente para detecção de Fusarium spp. nas sementes de Pinus taeda; b) verificar se há transmissão de Fusarium spp. das sementes para as plântulas de Pinus taeda; c) desenvolver uma escala descritiva para avaliar a severidade da PR em mudas de Pinus taeda; d) avaliar a patogenicidade, agressividade e área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD) de isolados de Fusarium spp. Para detecção foram aplicados três tratamentos em seis lotes de sementes de Pinus taeda, sendo quatro repetições de 25 sementes: blotter test, papel-cartão e meio seletivo. A transmissão foi avaliada em sementes de seis lotes de Pinus taeda durante 60 dias contabilizando-se a percentagem de plântulas emergidas (PE), sementes não germinadas (SNG) e de SNG com Fusarium spp. Uma escala descritiva de notas foi desenvolvida para avaliar a severidade de PR em mudas de Pinus taeda. A severidade e a incidência da doença foram avaliadas aos 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias após a inoculação das mudas de Pinus taeda de seis meses de idade. Foi avaliada a patogenicidade, a severidade e a incidência de doze isolados de Fusarium spp. obtidos no teste de detecção Para o teste de patogenicidade e agressividade foram 13 tratamentos com 15 repetições. O método de detecção mais sensível ao detectar Fusarium spp. em sementes de Pinus taeda foi o meio seletivo. Não foi observada transmissão de Fusarium spp. das sementes para as plântulas, no entanto, Fusarium spp. causou apodrecimento de sementes na fase de germinação; a escala descritiva permitiu a avaliação da progressão dos sintomas da doença PR; nove isolados de Fusarium spp. mostraram-se patogênicos a mudas de Pinus taeda, reproduzindo sintomas típicos da PR, sendo o isolado L3R2 o mais agressivo e o que exibiu maior AACPD.
DIAGNÓSTICO DAS FLORESTAS PLANTADAS NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO PARDO - RS
Authors: Farias Jorge Antonio de , Schneider Paulo Renato , Biali Leonardo Job 
Published: April 2017

O presente estudo visa fazer um diagnóstico das florestas plantadas na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Pardo - RS, contemplando a caracterização das propriedades, dos florestamentos, e a disponibilidade e o consumo de madeira na região. A área de abrangência do estudo fica na região central do Rio Grande do Sul, cuja economia principal é a fumicultura, abrangendo 13 municípios que compõem a área de atuação do Comitê de Gerenciamento da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Pardo. A coleta dos dados foi conduzida no decorrer do ano de 2008. Para a determinação do tamanho da amostra, foi feita uma amostragem com probabilidade proporcional ao tamanho, sendo que o critério de distribuição das unidades amostrais levou em consideração o número de árvores por município e, dentro dos municípios, o número de árvores por classe de tamanho de propriedade. O método de amostragem utilizado no inventário florestal foi o de Prodan, além de ter sido feitas entrevistas com os produtores. A região é caracterizada por pequenos produtores rurais, e 61,4% da lenha utilizada na cura das folhas de tabaco é adquirida de terceiros, além disso, a maioria dos florestamentos possui espaçamentos reduzidos (2,26 m²/planta) e baixos índices de sobrevivência, na ordem 34,4% após 7 anos do plantio. O estoque atual de madeira é de 2.781.069 m³, o que garante um abastecimento para apenas 3,5 anos. Os dados levantados permitem constatar que os recursos necessários para investir na autossuficiência de lenha para a fumicultura, são de R$ 12.250.000,00, que poderiam ser alocados anualmente, durante sete anos, equivalente à rotação em talhadia simples, resultando em uma área de 80 ha/ano/município.
Le début d’une belle amitié
Authors: Berthiaume Guy 
Published: April 2017

La révolution numérique en cours a de profondes répercussions sur la communauté des bibliothèques. Dans un monde où le changement est devenu la norme, quels sont les enjeux pour la gestion des ressources humaines ? Afin de demeurer les gardiens de l’accès à l’information universelle et de répondre aux besoins des générations actuelles et futures, les bibliothécaires doivent prendre leur place dans le monde numérique, comprendre l’information et les technologies au fur et à mesure de leurs transformations. Ils doivent élargir leur rôle en développant de nouvelles compétences et en se tenant à jour. Dans ce contexte, la formation continue constitue l’un des principaux défis de la gestion des ressources humaines au XXIe siècle. Discours prononcé en anglais lors de la rencontre satellite de la Fédération internationale des associations et institutions de bibliothèques (IFLA) tenu le 10 août 2016 (Toronto, Ontario).
Impact of somatic copy number alterations on the glioblastoma miRNome: miR‐4484 is a genomically deleted tumour suppressor
Authors: Nawaz Zahid , Patil Vikas , Thinagararjan Sivaarumugam , Rao Soumya A. , Hegde Alangar S. , Arivazhagan Arimappamagan , Santosh Vani , Somasundaram Kumaravel 
Published: April 2017

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and most malignant primary brain tumour in adults. GBMs have a unique landscape of somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs), with the concomitant appearance of numerous driver amplifications and deletions. Here, we examined the genomic regions harbouring SCNAs and their impact on the GBM miRNome. We found that 40% of SCNA events covering 70–88% of the genomically altered regions, as identified by GISTIC and RAE algorithms, carried miRNA genes. Of 1426 annotated mature miRNAs analysed, ~ 14% (n = 198) were mapped to such fragile loci. Further, we identified an intragenic miRNA, miR‐4484 located on chromosome‐10, as a deleted and downregulated miRNA in GBM. miR‐4484 exhibited a strong positive correlation with the expression of its host gene uroporphyrinogen III synthase (UROS), thereby indicating that the loss of miR‐4484 is a codeletion event in GBM. Overexpression of miR‐4484 reduced the colony‐forming ability and suppressed the migratory capacity of glioma cells. Analysis of the RNA‐seq‐derived transcriptome upon exogenous miR‐4484 overexpression in conjunction with an integrative bioinformatics approach revealed several putative targets of miR‐4484. Unbiased functional enrichment of these targets through DAVID identified a cohort of important gene ontology terms, which possibly explain the functional role of miR‐4484 in gliomagenesis. Selected targets were validated and, importantly, were found to be upregulated in GBM. In brief, our study identified a panel of miRNAs that are likely to be regulated by genomic deletions and amplifications. Further, miR‐4484 was found to be deleted and acts as a tumour suppressor miRNA in GBM.