bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and characterization of glycyrrhetinic‐acid loaded PEG‐modified liposome based on PEG‐7 glyceryl cocoate
Authors: Jia Hong‐Jiao , Jia Fang‐Ya , Zhu Bi‐Jun , Zhang Wan‐Ping 
Published: January 2017

The aim of the study was to develop a kind of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) liposome modified by PEG‐7 glyceryl cocoate for cosmetic use. Encapsulation efficiency, particle morphology, particle size, zeta potential, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were studied to get its physico‐chemical properties. Release property, skin permeation in vitro, and storage stability were also investigated to evaluate the application performance. The results showed that the PEG‐modified liposomes were spherical particles with mean particle size of 117 ± 4.6 nm. Zeta potential and average encapsulation efficiency were −22.5 ± 0.54 mv and 91.9 ± 2.43%, respectively. The FTIR results indicated that GA had been loaded successfully into the liposomes. Compared with the non‐PEG‐modified liposomes, the PEG‐modified GA liposomes showed lower release rate and higher deposition in epidermis/dermis in vitro study, and also possessed better stability according to the little change of particle size during 30 days.Practical applications: Liposomes are widely used in drug delivery system but rarely used in cosmetics. It is necessary to develop a kind of liposome especially for cosmetic use. Different from other non‐modified liposomes, all of the materials used in this study are non‐toxic which guarantee the safety. The high liposome concentration up to 10% w/w also makes it efficient in large‐scale production. Furthermore, the cooperation of PEG‐7 glyceryl cocoate could prolong the release rate of GA from liposomes, and thus, achieve a better application performance. These results indicate that PEG‐modified liposomes can be a potential delivery system for the water‐insoluble GA and be used in cosmetics.The forming mechanism of the GA modified liposome in this chart was as follows: the water insoluble GA dissolved in the PEG‐7 glyceryl cocoate and the organic phase of phospholipids was put into the water phase at the same time, the phospholipid molecules wrapped the GA in the bilayers and the PEG‐7 glyceryl cocoate was bonded to the hydrophilic group of liposome vesicles. This structure made the liposome more smaller and higher encapsulation efficiency, and it also brought a prolonged release rate and better drug deposition in epidermis compare with the non‐modified ones.
Dulce de leche‐like product enriched with emulsified pecan oil: Assessment of physicochemical characteristics, quality attributes, and shelf‐life
Authors: Ranalli Natalia , Andrés Silvina C. , Califano Alicia N. 
Published: January 2017

“Dulce de leche” (DL) is a rich, creamy, caramel‐like milk‐based sauce or spread, prepared by concentrating whole milk with sucrose, reaching a lipid content of about 6% w/w. A DL‐like product with pre‐emulsified pecan oil as fat source was developed. Nonfat milk, xanthan gum, sugars, pecan oil, and natural tocopherols were included in the formulation prepared in a pilot‐plant scale and stored at room temperature. Pecan oil‐DL showed physicochemical and rheological characteristics similar to those of commercial DL containing ∼6% milk fat. A slight increase in viscosity was observed after 2 months of storage, remaining almost constant thereafter. Crystal formation was not observed and microbial counts were low. Slight lipid oxidation was experienced after 138 days. DL fatty acid (FA) profile showed high content of unsaturated FA (UFA, 89–90% w/w), mainly oleic and linoleic acids, effectively protected by both tocopherols and antioxidant compounds. Pecan oil‐DL presented good sensorial characteristics (above 7 points on a 10 point‐hedonic scale), with 82.6% less saturated FA and 200% more UFA than a traditional milk fat‐product, being an alternative product with lipid profile enriched in unsaturated fatty acids.Practical applications: The “dulce de leche” (DL) jam‐like developed could be considered an alternative to the traditional DL, with better nutritional value considering its lipid composition. It has a fatty acid (FA) balance in favor of unsaturated FA as well as absence of cholesterol in the formulation because it is a product elaborated with nonfat milk. DL formulated with pecan oil showed physicochemical, rheological, and sensory characteristics similar to commercial products that contain about ∼6% milk fat. It showed good stability during storage at room temperature, with no lactose crystal formation, and only slight lipid oxidation. The product was successfully developed in the laboratory and also produced in a pilot plant scale, thus, it is feasible to produce it at an industrial scale.A DL‐like product with pre‐emulsified pecan oil as fat source was developed. Pecan oil‐DL showed physicochemical and rheological characteristics similar to those of commercial DL containing ∼6% milk fat. DL fatty acid (FA) profile showed high content of unsaturated FA (UFA, 89–90% w/w), mainly oleic and linoleic acids, effectively protected by both tocopherols and antioxidant compounds. Pecan oil‐DL presented good sensorial characteristics, with 82.6% less saturated FA and 200% more UFA than a traditional milk fat‐product, being an alternative product with lipid profile enriched in unsaturated fatty acids.
The characterization of dissolved organic matter extracted from different sources and their influence on cadmium uptake by Microcystis aeruginosa
Authors: Ni Lixiao , Su Lili , Li Shiyin , Wang Peifang , Li Dandan , Ye Xiang , Li Yi , Li Yong , Li Yiping , Wang Chao 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

The present study examines the uptake of the heavy metal cadmium (Cd) by Microcystis aeruginosa in the presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from different origins. The DOM used in the present study were extracted from soil, sediment taken from Meiliang Bay at Taihu Lake, and from M. aeruginosa cultured in the laboratory. The 3 different DOM samples were characterized using ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy was used to characterize the interactions of DOM with Cd2+. The results showed that all types of DOM extracted from the 3 sources in the present study exhibited aliphatic and aromatic characteristics and contained hydroxyls, carbonyls, phenols, carboxyls, carbohydrates, amines, and ethers. Humic acids and fulvic acids proved to be the major components of DOM. The sediment DOM had the highest degrees of aromatization and humification among the samples. The results also showed that sediment and soil DOM samples had lower molecular weights than M. aeruginosa DOM. The DOM could react with Cd2+ by complexing to alter Cd speciation. When exposed to Cd, EEM fluorescence intensities of all 3 DOM types had a significant decrease, and the intracellular Cd content improved with increasing Cd concentrations. The addition of DOM greatly enhanced Cd uptake by M. aeruginosa compared with the control group. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1856–1863. © 2017 SETAC
Factors associated with brain volume in major depression in older adults without dementia: results from a large autopsy study
Authors: Nunes Paula Villela , Suemoto Claudia Kimie , Leite Renata Elaine Paraizo , Ferretti‐Rebustini Renata Eloah de Lucena , Pasqualucci Carlos Augusto , Nitrini Ricardo , Farfel Jose Marcelo , de Oliveira Katia Cristina , Grinberg Lea Tenenholz , da Costa Nicole Rezende , Nascimento Camila Fernandes , Salmasi Faraz , Kim Helena Kyunghee , Young Lionel Trevor , Jacob‐Filho Wilson , Lafer Beny 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveWe examined brain volume and atrophy in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) without dementia that were referred to a large autopsy service. We also examined potential risk factors for brain atrophy, including demographics and clinical variables.MethodsIn this study, 1373 participants (787 male) aged 50 years or older who died from natural causes were included. Participants with no reliable informant, with cognitive impairment or dementia, with a medical history of severe chronic disease, or with prolonged agonal state were excluded. Presence of MDD at least once in their lifetime was defined according to the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM. Brain volume was measured immediately after removal from the skull.ResultsMean age at death was 68.6 ± 11.6, and MDD was present in 185 (14%) individuals. Smaller brain volume was associated with older age (p < 0.001), lower education (years; p < 0.001), hypertension (p = 0.001), diabetes (p = 0.006), and female gender (p < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis adjusted for sociodemographics and cardiovascular risk factors, smaller brain volume was not associated with major depression (β = −0.86, 95% CI = −26.50 to 24.77, p = 0.95).ConclusionsIn this large autopsy study of older adults, MDD was not associated with smaller brain volumes. Regardless of the presence of MDD, in this sample of older adults without dementia, we found that smaller brain volumes were associated with risk factors for brain neurodegeneration such as older age, diabetes, hypertension, and lower education. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antidepressant use and risk of hip fractures among community‐dwelling persons with and without Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Torvinen‐Kiiskinen Sanna , Tolppanen Anna‐Maija , Koponen Marjaana , Tanskanen Antti , Tiihonen Jari , Hartikainen Sirpa , Taipale Heidi 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveTo study whether antidepressant use is associated with an increased risk of hip fracture among community‐dwelling persons with and without Alzheimer's disease (AD), and to compare the risk according to duration of use and between antidepressant groups.MethodsRetrospective cohort study, including 50,491 persons with AD (mean age 80) and 100,982 comparison persons without AD from Finnish register‐based MEDALZ cohort. Antidepressant use was compared with nonuse with Cox proportional hazard models. Incident users were identified with a one year washout period from Prescription register data. Main outcome was hospitalization due to hip fracture.ResultsDuring antidepressant use, the age‐adjusted rate of hip fractures per 100 person‐years was 3.01 (95% CI 2.75–3.34) among persons with and 2.28 (1.94–2.61) among persons without AD. Antidepressant use was associated with an increased risk of hip fracture among persons with and without AD (adjusted HR 1.61, 95% CI 1.45–1.80 and 2.71, 2.35–3.14, respectively) compared with nonuse. The risk was most prominent in the beginning of use and was elevated even up to 4 years. The risk was increased with all of the most frequently used antidepressants.ConclusionAntidepressant use is associated with an increased risk of hip fracture among older persons. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intermittent pneumatic compression in combination with low‐molecular weight heparin in the prevention of venous thromboembolic events in esophageal cancer surgery
Authors: Parry Kevin , Sadeghi Amir‐Hossein , van der Horst Sylvia , Westerink Jan , Ruurda Jelle P. , van Hillegersberg Richard 
Published: January 2017

IntroductionAim of this study was to evaluate the use of Intermittent Pneumatic Compression (IPC) in the prevention of symptomatic venous thromboembolic events (VTE) in patients undergoing esophagectomy for cancer.MethodsFrom a prospective database, all patients operated between 2010 and 2014 received IPC in addition to LMWH and were compared to a historical cohort of patients treated LMWH only (2004–2009).ResultsOf the 313 included patients, 195 (62%) received IPC. Patients with IPC received neoadjuvant chemoradiation more often (45% vs. 3%, P < 0.001), whereas, neoadjuvant chemotherapy was equally distributed (31% vs. 34%, P = 0.631). There were no differences with regard to surgical approach, operative time, blood loss, and ICU stay. Patients treated without IPC had a longer hospital stay (18 vs. 15 days, P = 0.014). Overall, 12 clinical VTE's occurred in 11 patients, which consisted of two deep venous thromboses and 10 pulmonary embolisms. In the group of patients, who received IPC 1.5% developed a symptomatic VTE compared to 6.8% in patients without IPC (OR = 0.215; 95% CI = 0.06–0.83). Multivariate analysis identified IPC as the only independent prognostic factor correlated with a reduction in postoperative VTE's (OR = 0.225; 95% CI = 0.06–0.88).ConclusionThe addition of IPC in patients undergoing esophagectomy for cancer was associated with a reduction in symptomatic VTE's. J. Surg. Oncol. 2017;115:181–185. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of surgery type on survival and recurrence in very young women with breast cancer
Authors: Quan May Lynn , Paszat Lawrence Frank , Fernandes Kimberly A. , Sutradhar Rinku , McCready David R. , Rakovitch Eileen , Warner Ellen , Wright Frances C. , Hodgson Nicole , Brackstone Muriel , Baxter Nancy N. 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundThe impact of surgical treatment on outcomes in breast cacner in very young women remains unclear. We sought to determine the effect of surgery type on risk of recurrence and survival in a population‐based cohort.MethodsAll women diagnosed with breast cancer aged ≤35 (1994–2003) were identified from the Ontario Cancer Registry. Patient, tumor, and treatment variables, including primary surgery, recurrences, and death were abstracted from chart review. Cox regression models were fit to determine the effect of surgery type on recurrence and overall survival.ResultsWe identified 1,381 patients with 11‐year median follow‐up of which 793 (57%) had BCS. Of the remaining mastectomy patients, 52% had postmastectomy radiation. Overall, 41% of patients sustained a recurrence of any type and 31% died. Controlling for known confounders, there was no association between type of surgery and death from any cause (HR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.78, 1.25) or first recurrence (HR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.75, 1.14). Distant recurrence was most common (13% in BCS; 25.3% in mastectomy) with local recurrence 12.4% after BCS and 7.5% after mastectomy.ConclusionsIn this cohort of very young women who were selected for treatment with BCS and mastectomy, we found similar oncologic outcomes. J. Surg. Oncol. 2017;115:122–130. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dietary total flavonoids intake and risk of mortality from all causes and cardiovascular disease in the general population: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Liu Xue‐ming , Liu Yu‐jian , Huang Yao , Yu Hong‐jie , Yuan Shuai , Tang Bo‐wen , Wang Pei‐gang , He Qi‐qiang 
Published: January 2017

ScopeEpidemiologic studies assessing the association between dietary total flavonoids intake and the risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all causes have yielded inconsistent results. Therefore, we conducted a dose‐response meta‐analysis to investigate this association.Method and resultsWe searched PubMed and Embase databases from January 1966 through May 2016 and examined the references of retrieved articles to identify relevant prospective cohort studies. The random‐effect model was used to calculate the summary risk estimates and dose‐response analysis was performed. Ten studies were included in the present meta‐analysis. The relative risk (RR) of all‐cause mortality for the highest versus lowest category of total flavonoids intake was 0.82 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.72–0.92). Dose‐response analysis showed that those consuming 200 mg/day of total flavonoids had the lowest risk of all‐cause mortality. Furthermore, a marginally significant association was found between dietary total flavonoids consumption and risk of death from CVD (summary RR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.70–1.03; P = 0.099) and coronary heart diseases (summary RR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.54–1.02; P = 0.069), respectively.ConclusionThe meta‐analysis provides strong evidence for the recommendation of consuming flavonoids‐rich food to reduce risks of mortality from all causes as part of a healthy diet among general adults.
Networked control of battery‐powered systems with communication scheduling and power allocation
Authors: Wang Liyuan , Guo Ge , Zhuang Yan 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThis paper investigates networked control of a collection of battery‐powered systems with seriously limited communication capacity and power resources. We aim to stabilize the systems by effectively assigning the communication channels and appropriately allocating the transmission powers so that the energy consumption is within an energy budget. The role of channel assignment is to guarantee network access for all plants when needed; the mission of power allocation is to ensure a desired rate of successful packet transmission for each channel. These two aspects are achieved by a scheduling policy and a power allocation method, respectively, each of which is derived based on stability and schedulability requirements. An interesting co‐design framework is derived for communication scheduling, transmission power allocation and stabilizing control. The presented methodology can guarantee a desired decay rate and a given energy consumption for each plant. The effectiveness of the results is demonstrated by numerical simulations. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combined Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction and High Tibial Osteotomy in Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Deficient Varus Knees
Authors: Ebied Ayman M. , Azim Foda Adel Abdel 
Published: January 2017

Background The presence of varus deformity in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient knees can be a source of persistent knee pain owing to medial compartment overload. This deformity may threaten the outcome of ACL reconstruction because of increased tension on the graft. Methods In the period between June 2006 to January 2013, 12 patients with ACL deficiency and genu varus were treated by anatomical single bundle ACL reconstruction and open medial wedge high tibial osteotomy. The selected patients had manifestations of ACL deficiency in association with medial joint line pain with or without lateral thrust. Results Prospective evaluation using the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score was performed. The mean follow-up period was 56 months (range, 26–74 months). This technique achieved knee stability and realignment to normal values. The IKDC score has significantly improved from 37 (pre-operation) to 78 (post-operation) ( p<0.05). Conclusion The combined procedure of ACL reconstruction and high tibial osteotomy restored knee stability and reduced pain over the medial compartment. Although the combined procedure has a longer period of rehabilitation than an isolated ACL reconstruction, the elimination of lateral thrust and preservation of articular cartilage of the medial compartment are of paramount importance to the future of these knees.
Preferential Use of Nitrofurantoin Over Fluoroquinolones for Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis and Outpatient Escherichia coli Resistance in an Integrated Healthcare System
Authors: Pedela Rebecca L. , Shihadeh Katherine C. , Knepper Bryan C. , Haas Michelle K. , Burman William J. , Jenkins Timothy C. 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate changes in outpatient fluoroquinolone (FQ) and nitrofurantoin (NFT) use and resistance among E. coli isolates after a change in institutional guidance to use NFT over FQs for acute uncomplicated cystitis.DESIGNRetrospective preintervention–postintervention study.SETTINGUrban, integrated healthcare system.PATIENTSAdult outpatients treated for acute cystitis.METHODSWe compared 2 time periods: January 2003–June 2007 when FQs were recommended as first-line therapy, and July 2007–December 2012, when NFT was recommended. The main outcomes were changes in FQ and NFT use and FQ- and NFT-resistant E. coli by time-series analysis.RESULTSOverall, 5,714 adults treated for acute cystitis and 11,367 outpatient E. coli isolates were included in the analysis. After the change in prescribing guidance, there was an immediate 26% (95% CI, 20%–32%) decrease in FQ use (P<.001), and a nonsignificant 6% (95% CI, −2% to 15%) increase in NFT use (P=.12); these changes were sustained over the postintervention period. Oral cephalosporin use also increased during the postintervention period. There was a significant decrease in FQ-resistant E. coli of −0.4% per quarter (95% CI, −0.6% to −0.1%; P=.004) between the pre- and postintervention periods; however, a change in the trend of NFT-resistant E. coli was not observed.CONCLUSIONSIn an integrated healthcare system, a change in institutional guidance for acute uncomplicated cystitis was associated with a reduction in FQ use, which may have contributed to a stabilization in FQ-resistant E. coli. Increased nitrofurantoin use was not associated with a change in NFT resistance.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:461–468
Intermittency of laminar separation bubble on a sphere during drag crisis
Authors: Deshpande Rahul , Kanti Vivek , Desai Aditya , Mittal Sanjay 
Published: January 2017

The phenomenon of drag crisis for uniform flow past a smooth sphere is investigated via experiments in a low-turbulence wind tunnel for$1.5\times 10^{5}\leqslant Re\leqslant 5.0\times 10^{5}$. The Reynolds number,$Re$, is based on the free-stream speed and the diameter of the sphere. Based on the activity related to the laminar separation bubble (LSB), the critical regime for the occurrence of drag crisis ($3.4\times 10^{5}<Re<4.4\times 10^{5}$) is further divided into three subregimes. The gradual decrease of mean drag coefficient ($\overline{C}_{D}$) with$Re$, in subregime I, is due to the increase of base pressure and suction near the shoulder of the sphere. The flow is devoid of an LSB in this regime. The coefficient$\overline{C}_{D}$decreases very rapidly with increase in$Re$in subregime II primarily due to the increase in mean base pressure ($\overline{C}_{P,b}$). This subregime is characterized by intermittent switching of$C_{D}$and$C_{P,b}$between bistable states. Statistical analysis of the surface-pressure and force coefficients relates this behaviour to the intermittent appearance/disappearance of the LSB. The two states of the flow are referred to as the LSB and non-LSB states. The frequency of appearance of the LSB and the duration of its stay increase with increase in$Re$. An intermittency factor$I_{f}$, defined as the fraction of time during which the LSB exists in the flow, is estimated at each$Re$. The value of$I_{f}$is zero in subregime I and increases from zero to one, with increase in$Re$, in subregime II. The variation of$\overline{C}_{D}$with$Re$is found to follow the variation of ($1-I_{f}$) with$Re$. This shows that the decrease of$\overline{C}_{D}$with increase in$Re$, during drag crisis, is primarily due to the increased probability of the LSB state as opposed to the non-LSB state. A spatio-temporal analysis of the surface pressure measured at various polar locations on the surface of the sphere confirms the axisymmetric nature of the intermittent LSB. In subregime III of the critical regime, the LSB exists at all time instants ($I_{f}=1$). The$\overline{C}_{D}$value continues to decrease with$Re$in this subregime due to increase in$\overline{C}_{P,b}$. Unlike the general belief that the decrease in$\overline{C}_{D}$with increase in$Re$is due only to the increase in$\overline{C}_{P,b}$, it is found that the increase in suction upstream of the shoulder of the sphere, with increase in$Re$, also plays an important role. In particular, in the high subcritical regime ($2.5\times 10^{5}<Re<3.4\times 10^{5}$), the gradual decrease in$\overline{C}_{D}$with increase in$Re$is due solely to the increase in suction in a region upstream of the shoulder of the sphere.