bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel systematic processing of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging identifies target regions associated with infarct-related ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Ramos-Prada Alba , Redondo-Rodríguez Andrés , Roca-Luque Ivo , Porta-Sánchez Andreu , ter Bekke Rachel M A , Quintanilla Jorge G , Sánchez-González Javier , Peinado Rafael , Merino Jose Luis , Cluitmans Matthijs , Holtackers Robert J , Marina-Breysse Manuel , Galán-Arriola Carlos , Enríquez-Vázquez Daniel , Vázquez-Calvo Sara , Alfonso-Almazán José Manuel , Pizarro Gonzalo , Ibáñez Borja , González-Ferrer Juan José , Salgado-Aranda Ricardo , Cañadas-Godoy Victoria , Calvo David , Pérez-Villacastín Julián , Pérez-Castellano Nicasio , Filgueiras-Rama David 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aims
There is lack of agreement on late gadolinium enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance (LGE-CMR) imaging processing for guiding ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablation. We aim at developing and validating a systematic processing approach on LGE-CMR images to identify VT corridors that contain critical VT isthmus sites.

Methods and results
This is a translational study including 18 pigs with established myocardial infarction and inducible VT undergoing in vivo characterization of the anatomical and functional myocardial substrate associated with VT maintenance. Clinical validation was conducted in a multicentre series of 33 patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy undergoing VT ablation. Three-dimensional LGE-CMR images were processed using systematic scanning of 15 signal intensity (SI) cut-off ranges to obtain surface visualization of all potential VT corridors. Analysis and comparisons of imaging and electrophysiological data were performed in individuals with full electrophysiological characterization of the isthmus sites of at least one VT morphology. In both the experimental pig model and patients undergoing VT ablation, all the electrophysiologically defined isthmus sites (n = 11 and n = 19, respectively) showed overlapping regions with CMR-based potential VT corridors. Such imaging-based VT corridors were less specific than electrophysiologically guided ablation lesions at critical isthmus sites. However, an optimized strategy using the 7 most relevant SI cut-off ranges among patients showed an increase in specificity compared to using 15 SI cut-off ranges (70 vs. 62%, respectively), without diminishing the capability to detect VT isthmus sites (sensitivity 100%).

Conclusion
Systematic imaging processing of LGE-CMR sequences using several SI cut-off ranges may improve and standardize procedure planning to identify VT isthmus sites.
Can patient education initiatives in primary care increase patient knowledge of appropriate antibiotic use and decrease expectations for unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions?
Authors: Hunter Chloe R , Owen Katherine 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Healthcare globally is increasingly threatened by antibiotic resistance. Misunderstanding of the appropriate use of antibiotics is common within the general population, therefore patient education could be a useful tool to employ against antibiotic resistance. Patient satisfaction with healthcare is important, and antibiotic awareness is crucial to avoid disappointment when antibiotic stewardship is practiced.

Aim
This review aims to identify whether patient education is an effective tool to improve knowledge and awareness of the appropriate use of antibiotics and whether it has an effect on expectations of or prescription rates of antibiotics.

Method
Embase, Medline, Web of Science, PubMed, and Cochrane Library were searched to identify studies examining the impact of various forms of patient education on awareness of appropriate antibiotic use and antibiotic prescription rates. Reference lists of eligible studies were also screened.

Results
Three hundred and fourteen unique studies were identified, of which 18 were eligible for inclusion. All studies were of good quality. Three studies examined public health campaigns, five examined leaflets, two examined posters, three examined videos, four used mixed interventions and one study examined a presentation. The results were too heterogenous to perform a meta-analysis.

Conclusion
Patient education is an effective tool to increase public knowledge and awareness of the appropriate use of antibiotics, and can reduce the expectation of or prescription rates of antibiotics. The form of patient education matters, as interventions involving active learning and engagement demonstrate significant positive outcomes, whereas passive forms of learning do not appear to have any effect on understanding or prescriptions.
Sulfonylurea Receptor Pharmacology Alters the Performance of Two Central Pattern Generating Circuits in Cancer borealis
Authors: Kedia Sonal , Awal Naziru M , Seddon Jackie , Marder Eve 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Neuronal activity and energy supply must maintain a fine balance for neuronal fitness. Various channels of communication between the two could impact network output in different ways. Sulfonylurea receptors (SURs) are a modification of ATP-binding cassette proteins that confer ATP-dependent gating on their associated ion channels. They are widely expressed and link metabolic states directly to neuronal activity. The role they play varies in different circuits, both enabling bursting and inhibiting activity in pathological conditions. The crab, Cancer borealis, has central pattern generators (CPGs) that fire in rhythmic bursts nearly constantly and it is unknown how energy availability influences these networks. The pyloric network of the stomatogastric ganglion and the cardiac ganglion (CG) control rhythmic contractions of the foregut and heart, respectively. Known SUR agonists and antagonists produce opposite effects in the two CPGs. Pyloric rhythm activity completely stops in the presence of a SUR agonist, and activity increases in SUR blockers. This results from a decrease in the excitability of pyloric dilator neurons, which are a part of the pacemaker kernel. The neurons of the CG, paradoxically, increase firing within bursts in SUR agonists, and bursting slows in SUR antagonists. Analyses of the agonist-affected conductance properties present biophysical effects that do not trivially match those of mammalian SUR-dependent conductances. We suggest that SUR-associated conductances allow different neurons to respond to energy states in different ways through a common mechanism.
Deciphering fucosylated protein-linked O-glycans in oral Tannerella serpentiformis: Insights from NMR spectroscopy and glycoproteomics
Authors: Walcher Stephanie , Hager-Mair Fiona F , Stadlmann Johannes , Kählig Hanspeter , Schäffer Christina 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Tannerella serpentiformis is a health-associated Gram-negative oral anaerobe, while its closest phylogenetic relative is the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia. The pathogen employs glycan mimicry through protein O-glycosylation, displaying a terminal nonulosonic acid aiding in evasion of host immune recognition. Like T. forsythia, T. serpentiformis cells are covered with a 2D-crystalline S-layer composed of two abundant S-layer glycoproteins–TssA and TssB. In this study, we elucidated the structure of the O-linked glycans of T. serpentiformis using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy analyzing S-layer glycopeptides and β-eliminated glycans. We found that T. serpentiformis produces two highly fucosylated, branched glycoforms carrying non-carbohydrate modifications, with the structure [2-OMe-Fuc-(α1,2)]-4-OMe-Glc-(β1,3)-[Fuc-(α1,4)]-2-NAc-GlcA-(β1,4)-[3-NH2, 2,4-OMe-Fuc-(α1,3)]-Fuc-(α1,4)-Xyl-(β1,4)-[3-OMe-Fuc-(α1,3)]-GlcA-(α1,2)-[Rha-(α1,4]-Gal, where the 3OMe-Fuc is variable; each glycoform contains a rare 2,4-methoxy, 3-amino-modified fucose. These glycoforms support the hypothesis that nonulosonic acid is a hallmark of pathogenic Tannerella species. A combined glycoproteomics and bioinformatics approach identified multiple sites within TssA (14 sites) and TssB (21 sites) to be O-glycosylated. LC-MS/MS confirmed the presence of the Bacteroidetes O-glycosylation motif (D)(S/T) (L/V/T/A/I) in Tannerella species, including the newly identified candidate “N” for the third position. Alphfold2 models of the S-layer glycoproteins were created revealing an almost uniform spatial distribution of the two glycoforms at the N-terminal two thirds of the proteins supported by glycoproteomics, with glycans facing outward. Glycoproteomics identified 921 unique glycopeptide sequences corresponding to 303 unique UniProt IDs. GO-term enrichment analysis versus the entire T. serpentiformis proteome classified these proteins as mainly membrane and cell periphery-associated glycoproteins, supporting a general protein O-glycosylation system in T. serpentiformis.
Validation of short culture method for rapid bacterial identification of blood cultures via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Fitts Eric C , Dent E Alexander , Burd Eileen M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Development of rapid bacterial identification from blood cultures has been an area of intense study in diagnostic microbiology. Shortened turnaround time coupled with antimicrobial stewardship interventions have been shown to improve patient outcomes and decrease healthcare-associated costs.

Objectives
We report the validation of a short incubation method for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial identification utilizing MALDI-TOF MS without additional instrumentation, processing or cost compared with current practice.

Methods
Prospective, observational, single-centre study in a quaternary care academic hospital encompassing 376 blood cultures subjected to bacterial identification after short incubation periods of 3–4 and 6–8 h.

Results
There was 97.5% species-level identification agreement with tests undertaken after 3–4 h incubation with 83.6% isolates identified, and 99.7% species-level identification agreement after 6–8 h incubation with 96.7% isolates identified.

Conclusions
The short incubation method provides a rapid MALDI-TOF MS bacterial identification method, reducing turnaround time by 10–18 h compared with standard practice without additional cost, processing or instrumentation.
Retrospective evaluation of rapid genotypic ID and phenotypic AST systems on positive blood culture turnaround time and simulated potential impacts on bloodstream infection management
Authors: Yuceel-Timur Ismail , Thierry Elise , Chainier Delphine , Ndao Ibrahima , Labrousse Maud , Grélaud Carole , Bala Yohann , Barraud Olivier 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Bloodstream infections are linked to heightened morbidity and mortality rates. The consequences of delayed antibiotic treatment can be detrimental. Effective management of bacteraemia hinges on rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

Objectives
This retrospective study examined the influence of the VITEK® REVEAL™ Rapid AST system on positive blood culture (PBC) management in a French tertiary hospital.

Materials and methods
Between November 2021 and March 2022, 79 Gram-negative monomicrobial PBC cases underwent testing with both VITEK®REVEAL™ and VITEK®2 systems.

Results
The study found that VITEK®REVEAL™ yielded better results than the standard of care, significantly shortening the time to result (7.0 h compared to 9.6 h) as well as the turnaround time (15 h compared to 31.1 h) when applied for all isolates.

Conclusions
This study implies that the use of VITEK®REVEAL™ enables swift adaptations of antibiotic treatment strategies. By considerably minimizing the turnaround time, healthcare professionals can promptly make necessary adjustments to therapeutic regimens. Notably, these findings underscore the potential of VITEK®REVEAL™ in expediting appropriate antibiotic interventions, even in less ideal conditions. Further studies in varied laboratory contexts are required to validate these encouraging outcomes.
Expanded powers in a market inquiry: is this power consistent with constitutional and natural justice guarantees?—‘The Case of the COMESA Competition Commission’
Authors: Mwemba Willard 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In the past few years, more and more competition authorities have expanded their powers in conducting market inquiries. Some competition laws have given the competition authorities the power to impose remedies after a market inquiry and to impose fines on undertakings that resist providing information during a market inquiry. Some competition authorities are in the process of amending their laws to mirror this development. The COMESA Competition Commission is an exemplary incident of a competition authority that is amending its law to cloth it with expansive powers in the conduct of market inquiries. This article explores whether or not such expanded powers in a market inquiry are overly intrusive and whether they are consistent with the constitutional and natural justice guarantees. An interrogation on whether there are safeguards to ensure that these powers are not unfettered and do not result in abuse of the rights of those that are subject to this power will also be conducted.
418 Evaluation of an automated system for measuring individual animal water consumption
Authors: Reilly Sarah , Carmichael Keely , Zimmerman Scott , Billars Mike , Harrison Meredith A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
SmartWater is an automatic watering station that measures the volume of water consumed by individual animals when visiting the system. The self-contained, portable system is constructed of a steel frame, two load cells, and a stainless-steel water trough that measures 0.1 m3 with a water capacity of 113 L. SmartWater refills automatically when the water mass is below 55 L, refilling for 120 s, or until the water mass reaches 70 L. The flow rate of water entering the system and the weight of the bin are measured every second in L/s and L, respectively. When the bin is being refilled, animals are still able to drink from the system. Animal water intake during a visit is measured by summing the amount of water dispensed into the bin and the difference in bin weight at the start and end of the visit. Water intake days are considered valid if the unknown percentage is less than 5% of the total daily water intake, where unknown intake is defined as feed mass disappearance that cannot be assigned to an EID. Invalid days are excluded from final datasets. System performance was evaluated using 17 Angus heifers (body weight = 248 ± 37 kg) in a 55-d trial period. Animals were given ad libitum access to two SmartWater systems, and all animals successfully adapted to the system. Mean daily visitation was 2.7 ± 0.4 and average visit length was 87 ± 175 s. Mean water consumption over the trial period was 13.7 ± 1.8 L. The coefficient of variance of water consumption between animals was 12.8%. The average standard deviation water consumption within animals between days was 5.9%. SmartWater provides an accurate and efficient way to measure water intake of animals in extensive and intensive systems, eliminating the need to manually monitor water levels and refill watering stations.
420 Automated identification and behavioral estrus detection in freestall-housed dairy cows using computer vision and machine learning: A two-layered algorithm approach
Authors: Clayton Cierra , Victory Abigail , Graves Kenneth , Griffin Allison , Hudson Christopher , McGee Marcus 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A critical aspect of dairy management involves maintaining accurate records of individual animals and promptly detecting estrus behavior, which is vital for successful breeding and reproductive outcomes. Recent advancements in precision livestock management, utilizing computer vision and machine learning technologies, have paved the way for automated and precise solutions in these areas. The objective of this study is to investigate the application of computer vision and machine learning for animal identification and behavioral estrus detection in dairy cows housed in freestall settings, employing a two-layered algorithmic approach. The research was conducted at the Joe Bearden Dairy Research Center, where a total of 10 lactating Holstein-Friesian cows were assessed across a 7-d trial period. For synchronization efforts, cows were provided a single injection of Prostaglandin F2α at trial initiation with expected estrus behaviors to be exhibited within the following 56 h. Continuous video was captured in 4k resolution using a five-camera closed caption media recording system strategically placed in the pen corners and over the feed bunk alleyway to capture multiple perspectives. Video data extrapolated into frames and manual annotation was utilized to generate the machine learning algorithm’s training data. Frames were randomly selected from a scattering of 56 h of video across all five camera viewpoints and down sampled to 384 x 640 p for both layers. A two-layer approach was employed utilizing an algorithm for each aspect of the study with the first model detecting the behavior, and the second model using the detected region of interest to identify specific cows. The first layer was trained on 682 frames and validated against 123 manually annotated frames. The second layer was trained on 102 frames and validated against 16 frames manually annotated for individual animals. Results demonstrated that the model used for mounting behavior identification has high precision (0.819) and recall (0.89), achieving a 0.926 mAP at an IoU of 0.5. This model achieved an F1 score of 0.86 at a confidence threshold of 0.268. The results demonstrated that the model used for individual animal identification across different classes achieved high precision (0.861) and recall (0.842), with a mAP of 0.897 at an IoU of 0.5. The F1 score for all classes was 0.89 at a confidence threshold of 0.788. In conclusion, these promising findings underscore the potential of computer vision and machine learning technologies to revolutionize dairy cow management practices. This innovative approach not only has potential to enhance operational efficiency, but also contributes significantly to improved reproductive management, thereby advancing precision and productivity in dairy operations.
327 Evaluation of glucose supplement provided with enrichment to reduce hunger induced stress in gestating sows
Authors: Salinas Emerald Julianna , Niure Kiran , McGlone John J , aguiriano Allen Jimena Martinez , Villalba Heidi , Spectic Lucas , Kitting Brooke L , Hernandez Faby , Garcia Arlene 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of myo-inositol (MYO; glucose supplementation) in alginate hydrogel beads (AHBs) covered in maternal pheromone (MP) via an enrichment source (perforated plastic jugs) using measures of behavior, physiology, and farrowing performance of feed restricted pregnant sows. First parity pregnant sows (n = 36) with an average body weight (BW) of 200 kg were randomly assigned into three treatment groups: a negative control group, not provided with AHB-MYO nor enrichment (NEG), a positive control group provided with AHB-MP without MYO via enrichment (POS), and a treatment group provided with AHB-MYO-MP via enrichment (TRT). The AHB consumption results before (d 0) and after treatment (d 7) revealed that the median AHB consumption for the POS group was significantly greater than for TRT (P &lt; 0.01). The hematological data showed a significantly greater lymphocyte (LYM) count in NEG than TRT on d 7 (P &lt; 0.05) but did not differ from POS. Monocytes (MON) were greater for TRT sows at d 0 and d 7 (P = 0.04 and P = 0.003, respectively) compared with NEG group, whereas LYM in TRT was greater than POS on d 7 (P &lt; 0.001) only. Platelet distribution width was greater for POS than NEG (P = 0.04) but did not differ from TRT on d 7. TRT had a greater total plasma protein (TP) concentration than NEG and POS groups on d 7 (P = 0.01 and P = 0.03, respectively). Similarly, AST was significantly greater for POS than NEG on d 7 (P = 0.01). There was no significant difference in farrowing performance among the treatment groups. The behavior data showed greater active behaviors (such as eating, drinking, interacting with other sows or enrichment) in TRT than POS and NEG during the first and second hour (P &lt; 0.05) whereas standing behaviors and interacting behaviors in TRT were greater than POS and NEG during the second hour after providing AHBs (P &lt; 0.05) and did not differ at any time after the second hour. In conclusion, the AHB-MYO coated in MP increased exploration of enrichment but did not significantly influence stress parameters (cortisol) nor farrowing performance.
89 Streamlining the acquisition and analysis of digital images for the assessment of horn fly abundance
Authors: Warner Amanda M , Tani Aaron , Aggrey Samuel E , Bourlai Thirimachos , Rekaya Romdhane 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Horn flies are one of the most prevalent ectoparasites on pasture raised cattle. Studies have shown reasonable evidence of a genetic basis for horn fly attraction in beef cattle. Current methods for assessing fly abundance-related phenotypes (e.g., subjective assessment and image-based counts) suffer from limited accuracy and logistic difficulties. Previous attempts to assess horn fly abundance using image-based methods were hindered by several factors including weather conditions, distance and angle between the image taker and the animal, and lighting during image acquisition. The aim of this study was to address these limitations through the development of practical guidance to optimize image acquisition and to develop an adaptive image analysis algorithm to enhance the accuracy of image-based assessment of fly abundance. Images of beef cattle on pasture over multiple horn fly seasons (late spring to early fall) were collected. For each animal, the best image (where the entire side of the animal was in view) was selected and cropped from the withers to the hooks and from the chest floor to the udder. For every image (n = 314), all the flies were manually counted using the ImageJ software. Several image enhancement and analysis techniques including adaptive thresholding, pixel region connection, and pixel classification were used. The images were then clustered into three quality classes based on quality metrics computed using several algorithms from the image processing toolbox in MATLAB (BRISQUE, NIQE, and PIQE). BRISQUE and NIQE use distortions of natural scene statistics to compute quality scores. PIQE uses image features and models of human perception to compute quality scores. Pearson correlation, mean squared error (MSE), and the coefficient of determination (R2) were used to evaluate the concordance between the manual (ground truth) and the image predicted counts. Across the different scenarios, the Pearson correlation and R2 ranged between 0.21 to 0.67 and 0.04 and 0.45, respectively (Table 1). When the images were first clustered in quality classes, all the assessment metrics showed a substantial increase (Table 2). In fact, the Pearson correlation ranged between 0.47 to 0.80 using the NIQE. When the images were classified as low or medium quality by BRISQUE, the correlation was greater (0.74 to 0.79) compared with NIQE (0.47 to 0.70) and PIQE (0.69 to 0.74). Similar patterns were observed for the other assessment criteria (MSE and R2). These results seem to indicate that NIQE, BRISQUE, or a combination of the two algorithms could be used to assess image quality and determine the appropriate combination of image parameters to maximize the predictive ability. The NIQE method could be used as a filter to detect low quality images that are unsuitable for counting and then BRISQUE could be used on the remaining images.