bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging of resectable oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: association with tumour stage
Authors: Huang Yu-cheng , Chen Tian-wu , Zhang Xiao-ming , Zeng Nan-lin , Li Rui , Tang Yu-lian , Chen Fan , Chen Yan-li 
Published: January 2018

Objective:
To determine whether intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) derived parameters can be associated with tumour stage of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Methods:
60 patients with resectable oesophageal SCC and 20 healthy individuals underwent oesophageal DWI-using multi b-values with a 3.0 T MR system. Pure diffusion coefficient (D), perfusion-related incoherent microcirculation (D*), microvascular volume fraction (f) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were measured on DWI. Statistical analyses were performed to determine associations of DWI-derived parameters with T-stage.

Results:
ADC (r = −0.842), D (r = −0.729), D* (r = −0.301) and f (r = −0.817) were negatively correlated with T-stage of oesophageal SCC (all p &lt; 0.01), and the multinominal regression analyses revealed that IVIM-derived parameters including D (p = 0.038; odds ratio &lt;1) and f (p &lt; 0.001; odds ratio &lt;1) were associated with T-stage. The Mann–Whitney U tests with Bonferroni correction showed that D, f and ADC could discriminate oesophageal SCC, especially T 1-staged tumour, from normal oesophagus (all p &lt; 0.05) while D* could not (p &gt; 0.05). By receiver operating characteristic analyses, f could be the best indicator for detecting oesophageal SCC with an area under receiver operating characteristic (AUC) of 0.964, especially T 1-staged cancer with an AUC of 0.984, and for discriminating T 1-stages between T 0–1 and T 2 – 3 with an AUC of 0.957, and between T 0 – 2 and T 3 with an AUC of 0.945 in comparison with any other DWI-derived parameter.

Conclusions:
IVIM derived parameters can be associated with T-stage of oesophageal SCC.

Advances in knowledge
(1) IVIM-derived parameters are negatively correlated with stage of oesophageal SCC. (2) Among IVIM-derived parameters, microvascular volume fraction helps detect and stage oesophageal SCC.
In-bore MRI-guided biopsy: can it optimize the need for periodic biopsies in prostate cancer patients undergoing active surveillance? A pilot test–retest reliability study
Authors: Elfatairy Kareem K , Filson Christopher P , Sanda Martin G , Osunkoya Adeboye O , Geller Rachel L , Nour Sherif G 
Published: January 2018

Objective:
To evaluate the test-retest reliability of repeated in-bore MRI-guided prostate biopsy (MRGB).

Methods:
19 lesions in 7 patients who had consecutive MRGBs were retrospectively analysed. Five patients had 2 consecutive MRGBs and two patients had 3 consecutive MRGBs. Both multiparametric MRI and MRGBs were performed using a 3T MRI scanner. Pathology results were categorized into benign, suspicious and malignant. Consistency between first and subsequent biopsy results were analysed as well as the negative predictive value (NPV) for prostate cancer.

Results:
15 lesions (≈79%) had matching second biopsy and 4 (21%) had non-matching second biopsy. Lesions with both Prostate Imaging – Reporting and Data System(PIRADS) categories 1 and 4 were all benign and had matching pathology results. Lesions with non-matching results had PIRADS categories 2, 3 and 5. NPV for prostate cancer in first biopsy was 87.5%. Overall agreement was 78.9% and overall disagreement was 21.1%.κ = 0.55 denoting moderate agreement (p = 0.002). 10/19 lesions had a third biopsy session. 9/10 (90%) had matching pathology results across the three biopsy sessions and all matching lesions were benign.

Conclusion:
In-bore MRI-guided prostate biopsy may have a better reliability for repeat biopsies compared to TRUS biopsy. Final conclusion awaits a prospective analysis on a larger cohort of patients.

Advances in knowledge:
This pilot study showed that repeated prostate in-bore MRI-guided prostate biopsy may have better reliability compared to TRUS biopsy with a suggested high NPV.
Carotid artery ultrasound texture, cardiovascular risk factors, and subclinical arterial disease: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Authors: Mitchell Carol C , Korcarz Claudia E , Tattersall Matthew C , Gepner Adam D , Young Rebekah L , Post Wendy S , Kaufman Joel D , McClelland Robyn L , Stein James H 
Published: January 2018

Objective:
This pilot study determined if the ultrasound texture feature “contrast” was associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and subclinical arterial disease.

Methods:
We evaluated ultrasound images of the right common carotid artery (CCA) from a convenience sample of 151 participants and examined relationships between contrast, CVD risk factors, carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and coronary artery calcium (CAC). Grey level difference statistics algorithms were used to evaluate the texture feature “contrast” from carotid ultrasound images. Right CCA IMT measurements were made in triplicate in the distal 1 cm segment of the far wall of the artery and CAC score was measured using the Agatston scoring method.

Results:
In individual models that included age, sex and race, grey level difference statistics contrast (outcome) was associated independently with age [beta (standard error) = –0.87 (0.38) per year; p = 0.02], C-reactive protein [–2.22 (0.96) per mg dl–1; p = 0.02], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [0.61 (0.24) per mg dl–1; p = 0.01] and CCA IMT [–0.06 (0.02) microns; p = 0.001]. Other CVD risk factors and CAC were not associated independently with contrast.

Conclusion:
These findings support the potential use of the ultrasound texture contrast for evaluating arterial injury and CVD risk.

Advances in knowledge:
This paper contributes to the literature in that it describes how the greyscale texture feature “contrast” is related to CVD risk factors.
Uterine smooth muscle tumours with hyperintense area on T
1 weighted images: differentiation between leiomyosarcomas and leiomyomas
Authors: Ando Tomohiro , Kato Hiroki , Furui Tatsuro , Morishige Ken-ichirou , Goshima Satoshi , Matsuo Masayuki 
Published: January 2018

Objective:
Hyperintense area on T 1 weighted images (T 1 HIA) have been reported as suggestive features of uterine leiomyosarcoma (LMS), but differentiating LMS from leiomyoma (LM) is often difficult. This study aimed to evaluate the differences between uterine LMS and LM demonstrating intratumoral T 1 HIA.

Methods:
MRI was performed in 509 patients with 1137 uterine smooth muscle tumours [14 LMSs, 5 smooth muscle tumours of uncertain malignant potential , and 1118 LMs] which exceeded 3 cm in diameter. LM with red degeneration and lipoleiomyoma were excluded from the study. We retrospectively reviewed the images and assessed T 1 HIA within tumours.

Results
T 1 HIAs were observed in 11/14 (78.6%) LMSs, 0/5 (0%) smooth muscle tumours of uncertain malignant potential, and 15/1118 (1.3%) LMs. T 1 HIAs were more homogenous (53 vs 0%, p &lt; 0.01) and more well-demarcated (60 vs 9%, p &lt; 0.05) in LMs than in LMSs. T 2 hypointense rim within T 1 HIA (53 vs 9%, p &lt; 0.05) was more frequently observed in LMs than in LMSs. The occupying rate of T 1 HIA (0.20 ± 0.24 vs 0.42 ± 0.27, p &lt; 0.05) was smaller in LMs than in LMSs. The signal intensity ratio of T 1 HIA (1.83 ± 0.36 vs 1.38 ± 0.23, p &lt; 0.01) was greater in LMs than in LMSs.

Conclusion:
T 1 HIA within LM showed more homogeneity, better demarcation, smaller occupying rate, and higher signal intensity than T 1 HIA within LMS.

Advances in knowledge:
The differences in T 1 HIA within tumours may be useful for differentiating between LMS and LM.
Evaluating healthcare priority setting at the meso level: A thematic review of empirical literature
Authors: Waithaka Dennis , Tsofa Benjamin , Barasa Edwine 
Published: January 2018

Background: Decentralization of health systems has made sub-national/regional healthcare systems the backbone of healthcare delivery. These regions are tasked with the difficult responsibility of determining healthcare priorities and resource allocation amidst scarce resources. We aimed to review empirical literature that evaluated priority setting practice at the meso level of health systems. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google scholar databases and supplemented these with manual searching for relevant studies, based on the reference list of selected papers. We only included empirical studies that described and evaluated, or those that only evaluated priority setting practice at the meso-level. A total of 16 papers were identified from LMICs and HICs. We analyzed data from the selected papers by thematic review. Results: Few studies used systematic priority setting processes, and all but one were from HICs. Both formal and informal criteria are used in priority-setting, however, informal criteria appear to be more perverse in LMICs compared to HICs. The priority setting process at the meso-level is a top-down approach with minimal involvement of the community. Accountability for reasonableness was the most common evaluative framework as it was used in 12 of the 16 studies. Efficiency, reallocation of resources and options for service delivery redesign were the most common outcome measures used to evaluate priority setting. Limitations: Our study was limited by the fact that there are very few empirical studies that have evaluated priority setting at the meso-level and there is likelihood that we did not capture all the studies. Conclusions: Improving priority setting practices at the meso level is crucial to strengthening health systems. This can be achieved through incorporating and adapting systematic priority setting processes and frameworks to the context where used, and making considerations of both process and outcome measures during priority setting and resource allocation.
A Flexible Method for Protecting Marketing Data: An Application to Point-of-Sale Data
Authors: Schneider Matthew J. , Jagpal Sharan , Gupta Sachin , Li Shaobo , Yu Yan 
Published: January 2018

We develop a flexible methodology to protect marketing data in the context of a business ecosystem in which data providers seek to meet the information needs of data users, but wish to deter invalid use of the data by potential intruders. In this context we propose a Bayesian probability model that produces protected synthetic data. A key feature of our proposed method is that the data provider can balance the trade-off between information loss resulting from data protection and risk of disclosure to intruders. We apply our methodology to the problem facing a vendor of retail point-of-sale data whose customers use the data to estimate price elasticities and promotion effects. At the same time, the data provider wishes to protect the identities of sample stores from possible intrusion. We define metrics to measure the average and maximum loss of protection implied by a data protection method. We show that, by enabling the data provider to choose the degree of protection to infuse into the synthetic data, our method performs well relative to seven benchmark data protection methods, including the extant approach of aggregating data across stores. Data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2017.1064 .
Ignorant Decision Making and Educated Inertia: Some Political Pathologies of Organizational Learning
Authors: Ganz Scott C. 
Published: January 2018

Studies of failures in organizational information gathering, learning, and decision making highlight psychological and institutional causes. However, organizations are also political coalitions that face internal contestation over strategies, policies, and goals. The decision of whether to collect information impacts both the goals that organization members try to meet and the organization’s capacity to meet them. This paper develops a formal model that introduces political conflict into a theory of organizational learning. The model has a key insight: organizations characterized by political conflict will forego learning when leaders do not need to learn to build consensus in support of change, and will learn when leaders are unable to build such a consensus without learning. As a result, political conflict leads organizations to implement changes without first learning and to frequently learn when no changes are forthcoming. These tendencies toward ignorant decision making and educated inertia will be more pronounced when environmental variability is high, when learning about existing policies does not also teach about potential policy alternatives, and when organization members are risk averse. The model offers predictions about pathological learning behaviors that are consistent with considerable prior qualitative research. These patterns cannot be produced by experiential learning models in which political conflict is not present. The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2017.1164 .
A Unique Homeostatic Signaling Pathway Links Synaptic Inactivity to Postsynaptic mTORC1
Authors: Henry Fredrick E. , Wang Xiao , Serrano David , Perez Amanda S. , Carruthers Cynthia J. L. , Stuenkel Edward L. , Sutton Michael A. 
Published: January 2018

mTORC1-dependent translational control plays a key role in several enduring forms of synaptic plasticity such as long term potentiation (LTP) and mGluR-dependent long term depression. Recent evidence demonstrates an additional role in regulating synaptic homeostasis in response to inactivity, where dendritic mTORC1 serves to modulate presynaptic function via retrograde signaling. Presently, it is unclear whether LTP and homeostatic plasticity use a common route to mTORC1-dependent signaling or whether each engage mTORC1 through distinct pathways. Here, we report a unique signaling pathway that specifically couples homeostatic signaling to postsynaptic mTORC1 after loss of excitatory synaptic input. We find that AMPAR blockade, but not LTP-inducing stimulation, induces phospholipase D (PLD)-dependent synthesis of the lipid second messenger phosphatidic acid (PA) in rat cultured hippocampal neurons of either sex. Pharmacological blockade of PLD1/2 or pharmacogenetic disruption of PA interactions with mTOR eliminates mTORC1 signaling and presynaptic compensation driven by AMPAR blockade, but does not alter mTORC1 activation or functional changes during chemical LTP (cLTP). Overexpression of PLD1, but not PLD2, recapitulates both functional synaptic changes as well as signature cellular adaptations associated with homeostatic plasticity. Finally, transient application of exogenous PA is sufficient to drive rapid presynaptic compensation requiring mTORC1-dependent translation of BDNF in the postsynaptic compartment. These results thus define a unique homeostatic signaling pathway coupling mTORC1 activation to changes in excitatory synaptic drive. Our results further imply that more than one canonical mTORC1 activation pathway may be relevant for the design of novel therapeutic approaches against neurodevelopmental disorders associated with mTORC1 dysregulation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHomeostatic and Hebbian forms of synaptic plasticity are thought to play complementary roles in regulating neural circuit function, but we know little about how these forms of plasticity are distinguished at the single neuron level. Here, we define a signaling pathway that uniquely links mTORC1 with homeostatic signaling in neurons.
Follicular thyroid cancer avid on C-11 Methionine PET/CT
Authors: Jochumsen Mads Ryø , Iversen Peter , Arveschoug Anne Kirstine 
Published: January 2018

SummaryA case of follicular thyroid cancer with intense focal Methionine uptake on 11C-Methionine PET/CT is reported here. The use of 11C-Methionine PET in differentiated thyroid cancer is currently being investigated as a surrogate tracer compared to the more widely used 18F-FDG PET. This case illustrates the potential incremental value of this modality, not only in the localizing of parathyroid adenoma, but also indicating that 11C-Methionine PET might have a potential of increasing the pretest likelihood of thyroid malignancy in a cold nodule with highly increased Sestamibi uptake.Learning points:11C-Methionine PET/CT and 18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT often visualizes the parathyroid adenoma in case of negative Tc-99m-MIBI SPECT/CT.A cold nodule in Tc-99m Pertechnetat thyroid scintigraphy with a negative Sestamibi scintigraphy has a very low probability of being malignant.However, the pretest likelihood of thyroid cancer in a cold nodule with increased Sestamibi uptake is low.11C-Methionine PET might have a potential incremental value in increasing the pretest likelihood of thyroid malignancy in a cold nodule with highly increased Sestamibi uptake.
Pastoralne perspektywy adhortacji „Amoris laetitia”
Authors: Świerczek Antoni 
Published: January 2018

Celem artykułu jest pokazanie duszpasterskich zadań wobec rodziny i małżeństwa wynikających z nauczania Kościoła w adhortacji apostolskiej Amoris laetitia. Główne wyzwania duszpasterstwa rodzin papież Franciszek koncentruje na czterech kwestiach: przygotowanie do małżeństwa, towarzyszenie małżonkom, zwłaszcza w pierwszych latach po ślubie, towarzyszenie małżeństwom przeżywającym problemy i trudności oraz osobom żyjącym w powtórnym związku, a także formacja duszpasterzy i świeckich pracowników duszpasterstwa rodzin. Autor artykułu stara się ukazać te duszpasterskie zadania w kontekście całego nauczania Kościoła o małżeństwie i rodzinie w świecie współczesnym.
Zanikanie elit społecznych
Authors: Zwoliński Andrzej 
Published: January 2018

Grupa sprawująca władzę, wraz z bogatymi, wykształconymi i sławnymi osobami tworzy elity społeczne. Łączą ich wspólne instytucje, normy postępowania, więź społeczna i świadomość przynależności grupowej. Elity bowiem są nietrwałe – upadają w wyniku wojen, rewolucji, ale także na skutek degeneracji. Elity utrzymują się na szczycie piramidy społecznej wyłącznie dzięki zdolności wyzbywania się elementów zdegenerowanych i dopływu świeżych walorów, przydatnych w kolejnej epoce rozwoju społecznego. Przy czym degeneracja trwa nieustannie i ma charakter ciągły. Degeneracja ulega przyspieszeniu wraz z zamknięciem się elity na wymianę z otoczeniem. W XX wieku proces degeneracji elit nasilił się przez jej udział w kłamstwie komunizmu i w systemie zbrodni faszystowskich. Odrodzenie elit wymaga wychowania sumienia i wzrostu odpowiedzialności za wszelkie podejmowane działania społeczne.
Etyka czy etykieta? Charakterystyka komentarzy Facebooka w perspektywie poprawności językowej i obyczajowej
Authors: Urzędowska Aleksandra 
Published: January 2018

Tekst stanowi krótką charakterystykę wypowiedzi użytkowników Facebooka na konkretnym przykładzie komentarzy do kilku wybranych przez autorkę fanpage’ów. Wszystkie wyekscerpowane komentarze są oficjalnymi wypowiedziami nieanonimowych internautów i tworzą spektrum zachowań językowych w mediach społecznościowych. Autorka podejmuje próbę oceny, czy „grzeczność” wybranych osądów wynika z moralnych pobudek ich autorów, czy może z ogólnie przyjętej etykiety internetowej.
Sprzymierzeńcy ocalenia w czasach wojny (na podstawie książki „Ludzie i zwierzęta” Antoniny Żabińskiej)
Authors: Bolińska Marta 
Published: January 2018

We wspomnieniach z czasów wojny i tuż po wojnie (1939–1949) Antonina Żabińska, żona dyrektora Warszawskiego Ogrodu Zoologicznego w latach 1929–1950 – Jana Żabińskiego przedstawia dramatyczne wydarzenia, które dotknęły jej rodzinę i znajomych oraz zwierzęta z praskiego zoo. Jest kronikarką okupacyjnych dziejów ludzi i zwierząt. Szczególną część narracji stanowi rola pianina i zwierzęcych boksów, dzięki którym ocalało wielu Żydów. W 1965 roku wraz z mężem Żabińska otrzymała tytuł Sprawiedliwy wśród Narodów Świata. Za ratowanie Żydów w czasie wojny w 1980 roku została pośmiertnie odznaczona Krzyżem Komandorskim Orderu Odrodzenia Polski, zaś jej mąż – Krzyżem Komandorskim z Gwiazdą.
Cotidiano e Identidade na Clínica da Atividade e na Ergologia
Authors: Naujorks Carlos José 
Published: January 2018

O presente artigo tematiza a presença dos conceitos cotidiano e identidade nas abordagens clínicas do trabalho designadas como Clínica da Atividade e Ergologia e propõe uma análise da relevância metodológica desses conceitos para a investigação de situações concretas de trabalho. Argumenta-se que muito embora os conceitos em questão não constituam conceitos-chave nas teorias em análise, eles apresentam aspectos fundamentais dessas abordagens. As Clínicas do Trabalho, particularmente as abordagem enfocadas, partem da distinção entre as dimensões prescrita e real do trabalho, compreendendo a atividade como as possibilidades de ação do sujeito frente às prescrições do trabalho e aos diversos elementos que compõe os processos de trabalho e o contexto organizacional. Essas possibilidades de ação que caracterizam a atividade acontecem no cotidiano do trabalho e mobilizam recursos identitários próprios a cada sujeito. Assim, ao evidenciar a importância das noções de cotidiano e identidade pretende-se contribuir tanto com o desenvolvimento teórico dos estudos sobre clínica do trabalho quanto para suas metodologias de intervenção.
Descubriendo los lugares escénicos de Granada desde el ámbito educativo / Discovering Granada’s venues from an educational perspective
Authors: Morales Villar María del Coral , Gilabert Sánchez Carolina 
Published: January 2018

La estrecha vinculación entre el arte escénico y el ámbito educativo ha generado que la mayoría de los centros escolares cuenten en sus instalaciones con teatros o espacios destinados al uso multidisciplinar. Nuestra propuesta artística pretende acercar el patrimonio escénico histórico y urbano de Granada al alumnado de infantil y primaria. Para ello se han seleccionado cuatro espacios que tradicionalmente se han empleado para usos escénicos y otros cuatro entornos urbanos destinados en su origen a una finalidad distinta, pero que reúnen las características idóneas para albergar representaciones artísticas. Se ha diseñado una recreación visual con una propuesta de ubicación del escenario en cada uno de estos espacios, que el alumnado, desde la perspectiva del creador o del público, irá descubriendo y explorando por medio de una ruta artística.Discovering Granada’s venues from an educational perspectiveThe close connection between performance art and the educational field has meant that most of the schools have in their facilities theaters or multidisciplinary use. Our artistic proposal have the objetive to bring the historic and urban scenic heritage of Granada to children and primary school students. Therefore have been selected four spaces that traditionally were used for scenic purposes and four others, originally destin for different purpuses. All of them meet the perfect characteristics to hold artistic performance. A visual recreation has been designed with a proposal of location of the stage in each of these spaces, the student either from the perspective of the creator or the audience, will discover and explore through an artistic route.