bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acquiring Human Capital skills through Labour Migrancy: The case of Colonial Njombe District; 1900-1960s
Authors: Mgaya Edward 
Published: March 2016

The migration of labourers to centres of mining, plantations and industrial production has been one of the most important demographic features of the African continent since its incorporation into the capitalist money economy. It is, however, surprisingly that the influence of this phenomenon on rural transformations remains largely unexplored as most of studies have mostly addressed the negative consequences of labour migration pointing at the destructive nature of labour migration to the local communities. While not denying the detrimental impacts of labour migration, the paper integrates written and oral information to establish that such exclusive attribution of rural underdevelopment to labour migration was indeed a traditional way of viewing labour migration. Such views were mainly a result of over emphasis on just macro-economic cost-benefit analysis that economists have always considered and emphasized upon. This article, therefore, is an effort to go beyond such economic arena by considering the acquisition of human capital particularly linking labour migration with western education and the spread of the Swahili language. Drawing from transformational approaches, this article argues that knowledge and skills that Njombe migrant labourers got from different work places, imbued them with elements which knowingly or unknowingly became part of the instruments for the wider rural transformation.
O canto VI da Eneida, a descida aos infernos ou a prefiguração da história de Roma
Authors: Mafra Johnny José 
Published: March 2016

Resumo: Este estudo faz uma leitura do Canto VI da Eneida, particularmente do episódio que narra o encontro de Enéias e Anquises nos Infernos e a fala profética do velho patriarca. Porque o poema virgiliano possui conotação histórica, pretende-se aqui mostrar seu valor como fonte da história romana. O poeta volta ao passado, buscando entre os troianos ilustres, como era tradição, as origens da gens romana. A par disso, também se apresenta a doutrina pitagórica e platônica da origem das almas e da metempsicose.Résumé: Cette écude fait une lecture du Chant VI de l' Enéide, spécialement de l' épisode qui raconte la rencontre d' Enée et Anchises dans les Enfers et le discours prophétique du vieux patriarche. C' est parce que le poème virgilen a une connotation historique, qu'on veut ici montrer sa valeur pour l' étude de l' histoire romaine. Le poète retourne au passé, à la recherche, entre les Troyens illustres, comme on pensait, des origines de la gens romana. On présente aussi la doctrine pythagorique et platonique de l'origine des âmes e de la métempsycose.
AVALIAÇÃO DE MICRO E PEQUENAS EMPRESAS: A PERCEPÇÃO DO MICRO E PEQUENO EMPRESÁRIO NO ESTADO DE GOIÁS SOBRE O VALOR DA EMPRESA
Authors: Fernandes Silva Maira Jessika , Ferreira da Cunha Moisés 
Published: March 2016

<p>Nesta pesquisa teve-se como objetivo identificar a percepção dos micro e pequenos empresários no Estado de Goiás sobre o valor da empresa. Para isso, aplicou-se um questionário a 33 micro e pequenos empresários na região metropolitana de Goiânia. Para a análise dos dados, utilizou-se a análise descritiva e aplicaram-se as técnicas de Análise de Correspondência (Anacor) e de Análise de Homogeneidade (Homals). Conclui-se, por meio dos dados obtidos, que os micro e pequenos empresários, de modo geral, possuem uma noção equivocada sobre o valor da empresa se contraposta aos conceitos defendidos em pesquisas. Ficou evidente a necessidade de maior empenho dos órgãos de apoio às micro e pequenas empresas em orientar os empresários sobre o valor da empresa, a fim de melhorar o seu desempenho, visando criar e maximizar valor.</p><p>Palavras-chave: Micro e pequenas empresas. Avaliação de empresas. Valor.</p><p> </p>
CONEXÃO VISUAL E EMOCIONAL E A INTENÇÃO DE COMPRAR LINGERIE PARA MULHERES E A MODERAÇÃO DO SEU ESTADO CIVIL
Authors: Mendes Lübeck Rafael , Hopner Aline , Oliveira Santini Fernando , Capelli Martins Joao Paulo 
Published: March 2016

<p>O objetivo com este estudo foi analisar a relação entre a conexão visual (sensorial) e a conexão emocional dos consumidores com a intenção de comprar um produto feminino (roupas íntimas) e o efeito moderador do estado civil nessa relação. Para esse fim, um estudo quantitativo foi realizado com uma amostra por conveniência (n = 241), no qual os resultados foram analisados por modelagem de equações estruturais. Concluiu-se que a intenção de comprar <em>lingerie </em>para mulheres na amostra obtida ocorre pela conexão visual e emocional com o produto e que a relação entre conexão emocional e intenção de compra é moderada pelo estado civil da entrevistada. </p><p>Palavras-chave:<strong> </strong>Conexão visual. Conexão emocional. Intenção de compra.</p>
Perspectivas en Pediatría. Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Humana en niños.
Authors: Zegarra Rojas Oswaldo 
Published: March 2016

La infección por VIH en niños presenta un amplio espectro de manifestaciones clínicas, desde formas asintomáticas hasta presentaciones severas que incluyen infecciones secundarias, alteraciones neurológicas y cáncer. Este estudio describe los criterios diagnósticos empleados en 24 niños con infección por VIH, atendidos en el Hospital Infantil de México, que se adscriben a los criterios diagnósticos propuestos por los Centros para el Control de Enfermedades (CDC) de los Estados Unidos.
Comparison of the Thickness of Pulley and Flexor Tendon Between in Neutral and in Flexed Positions of Trigger Finger
Authors: Sato Junko , Ishii Yoshinori , Noguchi Hideo 
Published: March 2016

Objective:
This study aims to compare the morphology of the A1 pulley and flexor tendons in idiopathic trigger finger of digits other than the thumb between in neutral position and in the position with the interphalangeal joints full flexed and with the metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint 0° extended (hook grip position).

Method:
A total of 48 affected digits and 48 contralateral normal digits from 48 patients who initially diagnosed with idiopathic trigger finger were studied sonographically. Sonographic analysis was focused on the A1 pulley and flexor tendons at the level of the MP joint in the transverse plane. We measured the anterior-posterior thickness of A1 pulley and the sum of the flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus tendons, and also measured the maximum radialulnar width of the flexor tendon in neutral and hook grip positions, respectively. Each measurement was compared between in neutral and in hook grip positions, and also between the affected and contralateral normal digits in each position.

Results:
In all the digits, the anterior-posterior thickness of flexor tendons significantly increased in hook grip position as compared with in neutral position, whereas radial-ulnar width significantly decreased. Both the A1 pulley and flexor tendons were thicker in the affected digits as compared with contralateral normal digits.

Conclusion:
The thickness of flexor tendons was significantly increased anteroposteriorly in hook grip position as compared with in neutral position. In trigger finger, A1 pulley and flexor tendon were thickened, and mismatch between the volume of the flexor tendon sheath and the tendons, especially in anterior-posterior direction, might be a cause of repetitive triggering.
High Re-Operation Rates Using Conserve Metal-On-Metal Total Hip Articulations
Authors: Mogensen S.L. , Jakobsen T. , Christoffersen H. , Krarup N. 
Published: March 2016

Introduction:
Metal-on-metal hip articulations have been intensely debated after reports of adverse reactions and high failure rates. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the implant of a metal-on.metal total hip articulation (MOM THA) from a single manufacture in a two-center study.

Materials and Methods:
108 CONSERVE® MOM THA were implanted in 92 patients between November 2005 and December 2010. Patients had at time of retrospective evaluation their journals reviewed for re-operations and adverse reactions.

Results:
20 hips were re-operated (18.4%) at a mean follow up of 53 months. 4 pseudotumors were diagnosed at time of follow up but no substantiated link was made between adverse reactions and re-operations.

Conclusion:
The high re-operation rates found in this study raised concern about the usage of the MOM THA and subsequently lead to the termination of implantation of this MOM THA at the two orthopaedic departments.
Longitudinal Study of Serum Uric Acid, Nutritional Status, and Mortality in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Beberashvili Ilia , Erlich Anatoli , Azar Ada , Sinuani Inna , Feldman Leonid , Gorelik Oleg , Stav Kobi , Efrati Shai 
Published: March 2016

Background and objectives
We hypothesized that longitudinal changes in uric acid (UA) may have independent associations with changes in nutritional parameters over time and consequently, long-term survival of patients on maintenance hemodialysis.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We conducted a retrospective, longitudinal cohort study of a clinical database containing the medical records of patients on maintenance hemodialysis receiving dialysis between June of 1999 and December of 2012 in a single center; 200 patients (130 men and 70 women) with a median age of 69.0 (interquartile range, 59.3–77.0) years old were included in the study. Dietary intake, biochemical markers of nutrition, anthropometric measurements, and UA levels were recorded at 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months followed by 15 additional months of clinical observations. The patients were followed until January 31, 2015 (median follow-up was 38.0 [interquartile range, 30.0–46.8] months).

Results
In a linear mixed effects model adjusted for baseline demographics and clinical parameters, each 1.0-mg/dl longitudinal increase in UA was associated with a 13.4% slower rate of decline in geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) levels over 3 years of observation (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.11 to 0.39; P<0.001 for UA × time interaction). UA remained associated with the rate of change in GNRI, even after controlling for C-reactive protein. During the follow-up, 87 (43.5%) all-cause and 38 (19.0%) cardiovascular deaths were reported. For each 1.0-mg/dl increase in serum UA over time, the multivariate adjusted all–cause mortality hazard ratio using Cox models with the effect of time-varying risk was 0.83 (95% CI, 0.74 to 0.95; P<0.01), which continued to be significant, even after including the baseline GNRI levels in this model: 0.89 (95% CI, 0.79 to 0.98; P=0.02).

Conclusions
Longitudinal changes in serum UA seem to track with changes in nutritional status over time, and these changes are associated with survival of patients on maintenance hemodialysis. An increase in serum UA levels over time is accompanied by improvement of nutritional status and lower mortality rate.
In vitro and in vivo assessment of platelet function in healthy dogs during administration of a low-dose aspirin regimen
Authors: Haines Jillian M. , Thomason John M. , Seage Eileen C. , Wills Robert W. , Bulla Camilo , Lunsford Kari V. , Mackin Andrew J. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the in vitro and in vivo platelet function of healthy dogs during administration of a low-dose aspirin regimen.
ANIMALS 16 dogs.
PROCEDURES Dogs received aspirin (1 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h) for 7 days. Blood and urine samples were collected before (day 1; baseline) and on days 3 and 7 of the low-dose aspirin regimen. Platelet function was evaluated by use of turbidimetric and conventional impedance aggregometry, multiple-electrode impedance aggregometry, a platelet function analyzer (PFA), and determination of urine 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 concentration. Turbidimetric aggregometry results were compared with the results obtained by the other 4 methods. Fourteen days after cessation of aspirin, platelet-rich plasma was incubated with acetylsalicylic acid and platelet function was assessed by turbidimetric aggregometry to determine whether this technique could accurately identify dogs that responded to the low-dose aspirin regimen.
RESULTS Of the 16 dogs, 13 had turbidimetric and conventional impedance aggregometry results that were decreased by > 25% from baseline on days 3 and 7, and 4 and 7 dogs had PFA closure times > 300 seconds on days 3 and 7, respectively. The median urine 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 concentration–to–creatinine concentration ratio decreased by 49% between days 1 and 7. Turbidimetric aggregometry results were correlated with conventional impedance aggregometry results. There was poor agreement between the turbidimetric aggregometry and PFA results. The multiple-electrode impedance aggregometry protocol failed to reliably detect aspirin-induced platelet dysfunction. In vitro incubation of platelet-rich plasma with acetylsalicylic acid followed by turbidimetric aggregometry did not predict whether dogs responded to the low-dose aspirin regimen.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that the response to a low-dose aspirin regimen varied among healthy dogs. (Am J Vet Res 2016;77:174–185)
Associations of force plate and body-mounted inertial sensor measurements for identification of hind limb lameness in horses
Authors: Bell Rhodes P. , Reed Shannon K. , Schoonover Mike J. , Whitfield Chase T. , Yonezawa Yoshiharu , Maki Hiromitchi , Pai P. Frank , Keegan Kevin G. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate associations between inertial sensor and stationary force plate measurements of hind limb lameness in horses.
ANIMALS 21 adult horses with no lameness or with mild hind limb lameness.
PROCEDURES Horses were instrumented with inertial sensors and evaluated for lameness with a stationary force plate while trotting in a straight line. Inertial sensor–derived measurements of maximum and minimum pelvic height differences between right and left halves of the stride were compared with vertical and horizontal ground reaction forces (GRFs). Stepwise linear regression was performed to investigate the strength of association between inertial sensor measurements of hind limb lameness and amplitude, impulse, and time indices of important events in the vertical and horizontal GRF patterns.
RESULTS Difference in minimum pelvic position was moderately (Ra2 = 0.60) associated with the difference in peak vertical GRF but had little association with any horizontal GRF measurements. Difference in maximum pelvic position was strongly (Ra2 = 0.77) associated with a transfer of vertical to horizontal ground reaction impulse in the second half of the stance but was not associated with difference in peak vertical GRF.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Inertial sensor–derived measurements of asymmetric pelvic fall (difference in minimum pelvic position) indicated a decrease in vertical GRF, but similar measurements of asymmetric pelvis rise (difference in maximum pelvic position) indicated a transfer of vertical to horizontal force impulse in the second half of the stance. Evaluation of both pelvic rise and fall may be important when assessing hind limb lameness in horses.
Development of representative magnetic resonance imaging–based atlases of the canine brain and evaluation of three methods for atlas-based segmentation
Authors: Milne Marjorie E. , Steward Christopher , Firestone Simon M. , Long Sam N. , O'Brien Terrence J. , Moffat Bradford A. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop representative MRI atlases of the canine brain and to evaluate 3 methods of atlas-based segmentation (ABS).
ANIMALS 62 dogs without clinical signs of epilepsy and without MRI evidence of structural brain disease.
PROCEDURES The MRI scans from 44 dogs were used to develop 4 templates on the basis of brain shape (brachycephalic, mesaticephalic, dolichocephalic, and combined mesaticephalic and dolichocephalic). Atlas labels were generated by segmenting the brain, ventricular system, hippocampal formation, and caudate nuclei. The MRI scans from the remaining 18 dogs were used to evaluate 3 methods of ABS (manual brain extraction and application of a brain shape–specific template [A], automatic brain extraction and application of a brain shape–specific template [B], and manual brain extraction and application of a combined template [C]). The performance of each ABS method was compared by calculation of the Dice and Jaccard coefficients, with manual segmentation used as the gold standard.
RESULTS Method A had the highest mean Jaccard coefficient and was the most accurate ABS method assessed. Measures of overlap for ABS methods that used manual brain extraction (A and C) ranged from 0.75 to 0.95 and compared favorably with repeated measures of overlap for manual extraction, which ranged from 0.88 to 0.97.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Atlas-based segmentation was an accurate and repeatable method for segmentation of canine brain structures. It could be performed more rapidly than manual segmentation, which should allow the application of computer-assisted volumetry to large data sets and clinical cases and facilitate neuroimaging research and disease diagnosis.
Dental consultations in UK general practice and antibiotic prescribing rates: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Cope Anwen L , Chestnutt Ivor G , Wood Fiona , Francis Nick A 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundThe frequency of consulting for dental problems in general medical practice, and antibiotic prescribing associated with these consultations, is poorly described.AimTo describe consultation rates and antibiotic use for dental problems in UK general medical practice, and explore factors associated with antibiotic prescribing for dental conditions.Design and settingA retrospective cohort study using Clinical Practice Research Datalink, a database of general practice patient records in the UK.MethodAll dental consultations between 2004 and 2013 were identified. The main outcome was the prescription of an antibiotic during a dental consultation. Multilevel logistic regression was conducted to examine factors associated with antibiotic prescription.ResultsIn all, 288 169 dental consultations were included in the cohort. The average rate of dental consultations was 6.06 consultations per 1000 patient-years. Rates of dental consultation decreased from 6.84 consultations per 1000 patient-years in 2008, to 4.23 consultations per 1000 patient-years in 2013. Consultation rates were higher among females than males and highest in patients aged 20–29 years. An antibiotic was prescribed in 57.1% of consultations. Significant predictors (P<0.001) of antibiotic prescribing included: patient middle age, male sex, and previous consultations for tooth-related problems. Antibiotics were more likely to be prescribed during consultations in December (odds ratio [OR] 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.13 to 1.24,P<0.001, reference month: June) and on a Monday (OR 1.10, 95% CI = 1.07 to 1.13,P<0.001) or a Friday (OR 1.15, 95% CI = 1.12 to 1.18,P<0.001, reference day: Wednesday).ConclusionConsultation rates for dental problems in UK general practice are relatively low but more than half result in the prescription of an antibiotic. This raises concerns about patient morbidity and contributions to antimicrobial resistance.
Low Frequency Based Seismic Data Processing: An Effective Tool for Direct Hydrocarbon Indicator in Complex Lithological Environment
Authors: Pandey Gayatri , Goel R. K. , Harilal Harilal 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In seismic data processing removal of very low frequency is the conventional approach but the preservation of low frequency become important in highly absorptive media, where we are interested in extracting the geological information associated with low frequencies. The reflection coefficient is the function of frequency in fluid saturated media and anomalously high amplitude at low frequency can indicate presence of hydrocarbon which is normally not observed in conventional seismic data. Continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is used for extraction of low frequency from the seismic data, which is a spectral decomposition method. The application of spectral decomposition includes layer thickness determination, stratigraphic visualization and direct hydrocarbon detection (DHI), which have a great significance in hydrocarbon exploration.
The concept of reflectivity of low frequency band of seismic energy related to presence of hydrocarbons is established theoretically for quite some time. Now efforts are made to establish this in the industry for detection of hydrocarbons. The present study is the case study from Western offshore basin, India where data is processed with preservation of low frequencies and taking utmost care while selecting input parameters like band pass filter, wavelet matching and amplitude matching. Broadly, the processing steps included standard signal processing techniques without affecting the relative amplitudes and preserving low end of frequency bandwidth.
To examine low frequency, input data has been analyzed for the maximum frequency present in the study area. The input data for low frequency analysis was taken as Pre Stack Time Migration (PSTM) volume. Using in-house developed program for complex continuous wavelet transform (CCWT) of seismic traces low frequency volumes from input PSTM data were extracted. We have analyzed where the peak amplitude has occurred with respect to scale in low frequency volume. This peak amplitude value with respect to low frequency extracted from the volume may signify the indication of hydrocarbon bearing zones. In a properly processed low frequency section/volume the amplitude brightening may be used as direct hydrocarbon indicator. The frequency dependent reflectivity which is supposed to be higher at lower frequency range for a fluid saturated interface should produce higher amplitude on a low frequency section compared to the surrounding (with no fluid saturation). From the seismic data suitable low frequency volume is generated using continuous wavelet transform (CWT) method.
The present study reveals that how low frequency based seismic data processing can help to identify the high amplitude at low frequency in fluid saturated zones, which is not observed in conventional processed data. This methodology is significantly useful for generation of locales for exploration/exploitation in complex lithological environment where other approaches fail.