bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whole-Genome Sequencing of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor Strains Isolated in Ukraine (2011) and Russia (2014)
Authors: Smirnova Nina I. , Krasnov Yaroslav M. , Agafonova Elena Y. , Shchelkanova Elena Y. , Alkhova Zhanna V. , Kutyrev Vladimir V. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Here, we present the draft whole-genome sequence of
Vibrio cholerae
O1 El Tor strains 76 and M3265/80, isolated in Mariupol, Ukraine, and Moscow, Russia. The presence of various mutations detected in virulence-associated mobile elements indicates high genetic similarity of the strains reported here with new highly virulent variants of the cholera agent
V. cholerae
.
Complete Genome Sequence of Carbendazim-Degrading
Mycobacterium
sp. Strain djl-10
Authors: Zhang Ji , Yuan Qiaoyun , Yang Wei , Wang Xinfeng 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium
sp. strain djl-10, an efficient degrader of carbendazim, was isolated from a carbendazim manufacturing wastewater treatment system. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of djl-10, which consists of a chromosome and three plasmids.
Complete Genome and Plasmid Sequences of Staphylococcus aureus EDCC 5055 (DSM 28763), Used To Study Implant-Associated Infections
Authors: Mannala Gopala Krishna , Hain Torsten , Spröer Cathrin , Bunk Boyke , Overmann Jörg , Alt Volker , Domann Eugen 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcus aureus
EDCC 5055 (DSM 28763) is a human clinical wound isolate intensively used to study implant-associated infections in rabbit and rat infection models. Here, we report its complete genome sequence (2,794,437 bp) along with that of one plasmid (27,437 bp). This strain belongs to sequence type 8 and contains a
mecA
gene.
Genomic Sequence of Campylobacter jejuni subsp.
jejuni
HS:19 Penner Serotype Reference Strain RM3420
Authors: Parker Craig T. , Huynh Steven , Heikema Astrid P. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Campylobacter jejuni
subsp.
jejuni
infections are a leading cause of foodborne gastroenteritis and the most prevalent antecedent to Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Penner serotype HS:19 is among several capsular types shown to be markers for GBS. This study describes the genome of
C. jejuni
subsp.
jejuni
HS:19 Penner reference strain RM3420.
Association between maternal depression and anxiety episodes and rates of childhood injuries: a cohort study from England
Authors: Baker Ruth , Kendrick Denise , Tata Laila J , Orton Elizabeth 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundMaternal depression is common and associated with several child health outcomes. The impact on childhood injuries is underexplored, with existing studies relying on maternal reporting of injury occurrences. Using population healthcare databases from England, we assessed the association between maternal depression and/or anxiety episodes and rates of child poisonings, fractures, burns and serious injuries.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study of 207 048 mother-child pairs with linked primary care and hospitalisation data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink and Hospital Episode Statistics, 1998–2013. Episodes of maternal depression and/or anxiety were identified using diagnoses, prescriptions and hospitalisations, with the child's follow-up time divided into exposed and unexposed periods. Adjusted IRRs (aIRR) for child injury during maternal mental health episodes were estimated using Poisson regression.Results54 702 children (26.4%) were exposed to maternal depression and/or anxiety when aged 0–4 years. During follow-up, 2614 poisonings, 6088 fractures and 4201 burns occurred. Child poisoning rates increased during episodes of maternal depression (aIRR 1.52, 95% CI 1.31 to 1.76), depression with anxiety (2.30, 1.93 to 2.75) and anxiety alone (1.63, 1.09 to 2.43). Similarly, rates of burns (1.53, 1.29 to 1.81) and fractures (1.24, 1.06 to 1.44) were greatest during depression with anxiety episodes. There was no association between maternal depression and/or anxiety and serious child injuries.ConclusionsMaternal depression and/or anxiety episodes were associated with increased rates of child poisonings, fractures and burns. While mechanisms are unclear, prompt identification and treatment of maternal depression and/or anxiety and provision of safety advice (eg, safe medication storage) may reduce child injury risk.
Short-term regular aerobic exercise reduces oxidative stress produced by acute high intraluminal pressure in the adipose microvasculature
Authors: Robinson Austin T. , Fancher Ibra S. , Sudhahar Varadarajan , Bian Jing Tan , Cook Marc D. , Mahmoud Abeer M. , Ali Mohamed M. , Ushio-Fukai Masuko , Brown Michael D. , Fukai Tohru , Phillips Shane A. 
Published: February 2017

High blood pressure has been shown to elicit impaired dilation in the vasculature. The purpose of this investigation was to elucidate the mechanisms through which high pressure may elicit vascular dysfunction and determine the mechanisms through which regular aerobic exercise protects arteries against high pressure. Male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to 2 wk of voluntary running (~6 km/day) for comparison with sedentary controls. Hindlimb adipose resistance arteries were dissected from mice for measurements of flow-induced dilation (FID; with or without high intraluminal pressure exposure) or protein expression of NADPH oxidase II (NOX II) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Microvascular endothelial cells were subjected to high physiological laminar shear stress (20 dyn/cm2) or static condition and treated with ANG II + pharmacological inhibitors. Cells were analyzed for the detection of ROS or collected for Western blot determination of NOX II and SOD. Resistance arteries from exercised mice demonstrated preserved FID after high pressure exposure, whereas FID was impaired in control mouse arteries. Inhibition of ANG II or NOX II restored impaired FID in control mouse arteries. High pressure increased superoxide levels in control mouse arteries but not in exercise mouse arteries, which exhibited greater ability to convert superoxide to H2O2. Arteries from exercised mice exhibited less NOX II protein expression, more SOD isoform expression, and less sensitivity to ANG II. Endothelial cells subjected to laminar shear stress exhibited less NOX II subunit expression. In conclusion, aerobic exercise prevents high pressure-induced vascular dysfunction through an improved redox environment in the adipose microvasculature. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We describe potential mechanisms contributing to aerobic exercise-conferred protection against high intravascular pressure. Subcutaneous adipose microvessels from exercise mice express less NADPH oxidase (NOX) II and more superoxide dismutase (SOD) and demonstrate less sensitivity to ANG II. In microvascular endothelial cells, shear stress reduced NOX II but did not influence SOD expression. Listen to this article’s corresponding podcast at https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/exercise-averts-high-pressure-induced-vascular-dysfunction/ .
Potential Targets' Analysis Reveals Dual PI3K/mTOR Pathway Inhibition as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Uterine Leiomyosarcomas—an ENITEC Group Initiative
Authors: Cuppens Tine , Annibali Daniela , Coosemans An , Trovik Jone , ter Haar Natalja , Colas Eva , Garcia-Jimenez Angel , Van de Vijver Koen , Kruitwagen Roy P.M. , Brinkhuis Mariël , Zikan Michal , Dundr Pavel , Huvila Jutta , Carpén Olli , Haybaeck Johannes , Moinfar Farid , Salvesen Helga B. , Stukan Maciej , Mestdagh Carole , Zweemer Ronald P. , Massuger Leonardus F. , Mallmann Michael R. , Wardelmann Eva , Mints Miriam , Verbist Godelieve , Thomas Debby , Gommé Ellen , Hermans Els , Moerman Philippe , Bosse Tjalling , Amant Frédéric 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Purpose: Uterine sarcomas are rare and heterogeneous tumors characterized by an aggressive clinical behavior. Their high rates of recurrence and mortality point to the urgent need for novel targeted therapies and alternative treatment strategies. However, no molecular prognostic or predictive biomarkers are available so far to guide choice and modality of treatment.
Experimental Design: We investigated the expression of several druggable targets (phospho-S6S240 ribosomal protein, PTEN, PDGFR-α, ERBB2, and EGFR) in a large cohort of human uterine sarcoma samples (288), including leiomyosarcomas, low-grade and high-grade endometrial stromal sarcomas, undifferentiated uterine sarcomas, and adenosarcomas, together with 15 smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP), 52 benign uterine stromal tumors, and 41 normal uterine tissues. The potential therapeutic value of the most promising target, p-S6S240, was tested in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) leiomyosarcoma models.
Results: In uterine sarcomas and STUMPs, S6S240 phosphorylation (reflecting mTOR pathway activation) was associated with higher grade (P = 0.001) and recurrence (P = 0.019), as shown by logistic regression. In addition, p-S6S240 correlated with shorter progression-free survival (P = 0.034). Treatment with a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor significantly reduced tumor growth in 4 of 5 leiomyosarcoma PDX models (with tumor shrinkage in 2 models). Remarkably, the 4 responding models showed basal p-S6S240 expression, whereas the nonresponding model was scored as negative, suggesting a role for p-S6S240 in response prediction to PI3K/mTOR inhibition.
Conclusions: Dual PI3K/mTOR inhibition represents an effective therapeutic strategy in uterine leiomyosarcoma, and p-S6S240 expression is a potential predictive biomarker for response to treatment. Clin Cancer Res; 23(5); 1274–85. ©2017 AACR.
Transintestinal and Biliary Cholesterol Secretion Both Contribute to Macrophage Reverse Cholesterol Transport in Rats—Brief Report
Authors: de Boer Jan Freark , Schonewille Marleen , Dikkers Arne , Koehorst Martijn , Havinga Rick , Kuipers Folkert , Tietge Uwe J.F. , Groen Albert K. 
Published: February 2017

Objective—
Reverse cholesterol transport comprises efflux of cholesterol from macrophages and its subsequent removal from the body with the feces and thereby protects against formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Because of lack of suitable animal models that allow for evaluation of the respective contributions of biliary cholesterol secretion and transintestinal cholesterol excretion (TICE) to macrophage reverse cholesterol transport under physiological conditions, the relative importance of both pathways in this process has remained controversial.

Approach and Results—

To separate cholesterol traffic via the biliary route from TICE, bile flow was mutually diverted between rats, continuously, for 3 days. Groups of 2 weight-matched rats were designated as a pair, and both rats were equipped with cannulas in the bile duct and duodenum. Bile from rat 1 was diverted to the duodenum of rat 2, whereas bile from rat 2 was rerouted to the duodenum of rat 1. Next, rat 1 was injected with [
3
H]cholesterol-loaded macrophages. [
3
H]Cholesterol secreted via the biliary route was consequently diverted to rat 2 and could thus be quantified from the feces of that rat. On the other hand, [
3
H]cholesterol tracer in the feces of rat 1 reflected macrophage-derived cholesterol excreted via TICE. Using this setup, we found that 63% of the label secreted with the fecal neutral sterols had travelled via the biliary route, whereas 37% was excreted via TICE.

Conclusions—
TICE and biliary cholesterol secretion contribute to macrophage reverse cholesterol transport in rats. The majority of macrophage-derived cholesterol is however excreted via the hepatobiliary route.
Large Vessel Occlusion Scales Increase Delivery to Endovascular Centers Without Excessive Harm From Misclassifications
Authors: Zhao Henry , Coote Skye , Pesavento Lauren , Churilov Leonid , Dewey Helen M. , Davis Stephen M. , Campbell Bruce C.V. 
Published: February 2017

Background and Purpose—
Clinical large vessel occlusion (LVO) triage scales were developed to identify and bypass LVO to endovascular centers. However, there are concerns that scale misclassification of patients may cause excessive harm. We studied the settings where misclassifications were likely to occur and the consequences of these misclassifications in a representative stroke population.

Methods—
Prospective data were collected from consecutive ambulance-initiated stroke alerts at 2 stroke centers, with patients stratified into typical (LVO with predefined severe syndrome and non-LVO without) or atypical presentations (opposite situations). Five scales (Rapid Arterial Occlusion Evaluation [RACE], Los Angeles Motor Scale [LAMS], Field Assessment Stroke Triage for Emergency Destination [FAST-ED], Prehospital Acute Stroke Severity scale [PASS], and Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Severity Scale [CPSSS]) were derived from the baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scored by doctors and analyzed for diagnostic performance compared with imaging.

Results—
Of a total of 565 patients, atypical presentations occurred in 31 LVO (38% of LVO) and 50 non-LVO cases (10%). Most scales correctly identified >95% of typical presentations but <20% of atypical presentations. Misclassification attributable to atypical presentations would have resulted in 4 M1/internal carotid artery occlusions, with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≥6 (5% of LVO) being missed and 9 non-LVO infarcts (5%) bypassing the nearest thrombolysis center.

Conclusions—
Atypical presentations accounted for the bulk of scale misclassifications, but the majority of these misclassifications were not detrimental, and use of LVO scales would significantly increase timely delivery to endovascular centers, with only a small proportion of non-LVO infarcts bypassing the nearest thrombolysis center. Our findings, however, would require paramedics to score as accurately as doctors, and this translation is made difficult by weaknesses in current scales that need to be addressed before widespread adoption.
Pictorial Statistics Following the Vienna Method
Authors: Neurath Otto 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This text introduces a programmatic text of Otto Neurath on the educational use of the method of pictorial statistics. Neurath emphasizes the importance of a visual method to transfer scientific knowledge to popular audiences. At the same time, his Vienna Method attempts to adapt the popular educational strategy to an increasingly visual modernity. The specific educational interest of Neurath's Vienna Method consists in political education, in transferring basic knowledge about the general structure and dominant developments of society. His program thus echoes his contemporaries’ debates on the possibilities of social realism. To understand the historical significance of Neurath the introductory text accentuates three lines of possible discussion. It points out the importance of Neurath's visual pedagogy for the tradition of contemporary discussions around the so-called Bildwissenschaften. It also contextualizes Neurath's visual pedagogy in the Austrian tradition of Second International Social Democracy and in the context of the philosophical debates of the Vienna circle. Against this double historical background, the text eventually tries to understand the educational achievements and political pitfalls of Neurath's attempt to represent general societal developments visually.
Ice Multiplication by Breakup in Ice–Ice Collisions. Part I: Theoretical Formulation
Authors: Phillips Vaughan T. J. , Yano Jun-Ichi , Khain Alexander 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
For decades, enhancement of ice concentrations above those of active ice nucleus aerosols was observed in deep clouds with tops too warm for homogeneous freezing, indicating fragmentation of ice (multiplication). Several possible mechanisms of fragmentation have been suggested from laboratory studies, and one of these involves fragmentation in ice–ice collisions.
In this two-part paper, the role of breakup in ice–ice collisions in a convective storm consisting of many cloud types is assessed with a modeling approach. The colliding ice particles can belong to any microphysical species, such as crystals, snow, graupel, hail, or freezing drops.
In the present study (Part I), a full physical formulation of initiation of cloud ice by mechanical breakup in collisions involving snow, graupel, and/or hail is developed based on an energy conservation principle. Theoretically uncertain parameters are estimated by simulating laboratory and field experiments already published in the literature. Here, collision kinetic energy (CKE) is the fundamental governing variable of fragmentation in any collision, because it measures the energy available for breakage by work done to create the new surface of fragments.
The developed formulation is general in the sense that it includes all the types of fragmentation observed in previous published studies and encompasses collisions of either snow or crystals with graupel/hail, collisions among only graupel/hail, and collisions among only snow/crystals. It explains the observed dependencies on CKE, size, temperature, and degree of prior riming.
The Stability of Mars’s Annular Polar Vortex
Authors: Seviour William J. M. , Waugh Darryn W. , Scott Richard K. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The Martian polar atmosphere is known to have a persistent local minimum in potential vorticity (PV) near the winter pole, with a region of high PV encircling it. This finding is surprising, since an isolated band of PV is barotropically unstable, a result going back to Rayleigh. Here the stability of a Mars-like annular vortex is investigated using numerical integrations of the rotating shallow-water equations. The mode of instability and its growth rate is shown to depend upon the latitude and width of the annulus. By introducing thermal relaxation toward an annular equilibrium profile with a time scale similar to that of the instability, a persistent annular vortex with similar characteristics as that observed in the Martian atmosphere can be simulated. This time scale, typically 0.5–2 sols, is similar to radiative relaxation time scales for Mars’s polar atmosphere. The persistence of an annular vortex is also shown to be robust to topographic forcing, as long as it is below a certain amplitude. It is therefore proposed that the persistence of this barotropically unstable annular vortex is permitted owing to the combination of short radiative relaxation time scales and relatively weak topographic forcing in the Martian polar atmosphere.
Comparing the Performance of Two Road Weather Models in the Netherlands
Authors: Karsisto Virve , Tijm Sander , Nurmi Pertti 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
High-quality road condition forecasts are a prerequisite for road authorities to ensure wintertime road safety. Harsh winter conditions can cause problems for traffic not only in countries where snowy winters are common but also in regions where the temperature drops below the freezing point occasionally. This study reports on the evaluation of the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute’s (KNMI) new road weather forecasting model by comparing it with the Finnish Meteorological Institute’s (FMI) road weather model, both run for 321 Dutch road weather stations, four times daily (0300, 0900, 1500, and 2100 UTC) during the test period, 15 January–28 February 2015. Road surface temperature forecasts by both models were evaluated against observations. The KNMI model produced slightly more accurate forecasts than the FMI model. The main reason for the difference is probably due to the optimization of the physical properties of the KNMI model for the Netherlands, whereas the FMI model is designed for quite different Finnish wintertime meteorological conditions. However, in general the road surface temperature forecasts were of quite comparable quality.
The Impact of Weight on Arthroscopic Osteochondral Talar Reconstruction
Authors: Usuelli Federico Giuseppe , Maccario Camilla , Ursino Chiara , Serra Nicola , D’Ambrosi Riccardo 
Published: February 2017

Background: The purpose of the study was to assess the functional and radiologic outcomes after AT-AMIC (arthroscopic talus autologous matrix–induced chondrogenesis) in 2 weight groups of patients with osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs): patients with BMI <25 (Healthy Weight Group [HG]) and with BMI ≥25 (Overweight Group [OG]). Methods: Thirty-seven patients were evaluated. HG was composed of 21 patients (BMI = 21.90 ± 1.94), whereas OG consisted of 16 patients (BMI = 27.41 ± 1.98). All patients were treated with AT-AMIC repair for OLTs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), Visual Analgoue Scale (VAS) for pain, American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle and Hindfoot score and Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) were administered preoperatively (T0) and at 6 (T1), 12 (T2), and 24 (T3) months postoperatively. Results: In both groups, we found a significant difference for clinical and radiologic parameters with analysis of variance for repeated measures through 4 time points ( P < .001). In HG, AOFAS increased at every follow-up ( P < .05), whereas in OG, AOFAS improved only between T2 and T3 ( P = .0104). In OG we found a significant difference comparing CT and MRI at each follow-up; in HG this difference was found only at T0 ( P < .0001) and T1 ( P = .0492). Finally, OG presented a significantly larger lesion measured with MRI at T0 ( P = .033). Conclusions: OLTs in overweight patients were characterized by a larger preoperative size. At final follow-up, both groups showed a significant clinical improvement. AT-AMIC can be considered a safe and reliable procedure, regardless of weight, with a significant improvement also in quality of life. Level of Evidence: Level III, comparative study.
Seroprevalence of Asymptomatic Dengue Virus Infection and Its Antibodies Among Healthy/Eligible Saudi Blood Donors: Findings From Holy Makkah City
Authors: M Ashshi Ahmed , Alghamdi Saad , El-Shemi Adel G , Almdani Sabir , Refaat Bassem , Mohamed Amr M , Ghazi Hani O , Azhar Esam I , Al-Allaf Faisal A 
Published: February 2017

Background: Threat to blood transfusion–transmitted dengue virus (DENV) and its antibodies has recently emerged worldwide. Dengue fever is an endemic disease in Saudi Arabia, particularly in its Western region. The aim of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of asymptomatic DENV infection and its antibodies among eligible Saudi blood donors. Methods: Serum samples from 910 healthy/eligible adult male Saudi blood donors, who reside in Holy Makkah City of Saudi Arabia, were collected between March 2015 and August 2016 and screened for the detection of DENV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) antigen and anti-DENV IgM and IgG antibodies using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits (Panbio, Brisbane, QLD, Australia). Results: Among the tested donors, 48 (5.3%) were seropositive for DENV-NS1 antigen, whereas 50 (5.5%) and 354 (38.9%) were seropositive for anti-DENV IgM and IgG antibodies, respectively. Seropositivity for DENV-NS1 antigen and/or anti-DENV IgM antibody among the tested donors reflects their ongoing asymptomatic viremic infectious stage with DENV during their donation time, whereas high prevalence of anti-DENV IgG seropositivity reflects the high endemicity of dengue disease in this region of Saudi Arabia. Conclusions: These results show high prevalence of asymptomatic DENV infection and its antibodies among Saudi blood donors, raising the importance of establishing blood screening for dengue disease at different blood donation services and units in Saudi Arabia to improve the guarantee of blood transfusions and to control DENV dissemination.