bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumours in white suckers from Lake Michigan tributaries: pathology and prevalence
Authors: Blazer V S , Walsh H L , Braham R P , Hahn C M , Mazik P , McIntyre P B 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe prevalence and histopathology of neoplastic lesions were assessed in white sucker Catostomus commersonii captured at two Lake Michigan Areas of Concern (AOCs), the Sheboygan River and Milwaukee Estuary. Findings were compared to those observed at two non‐AOC sites, the Root and Kewaunee rivers. At each site, approximately 200 adult suckers were collected during their spawning migration. Raised skin lesions were observed at all sites and included discrete white spots, mucoid plaques on the body surface and fins and large papillomatous lesions on lips and body. Microscopically, hyperplasia, papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma were documented. Liver neoplasms were also observed at all sites and included both hepatocellular and biliary tumours. Based on land use, the Kewaunee River was the site least impacted by human activities previously associated with fish tumours and had significantly fewer liver neoplasms when compared to the other sites. The proportion of white suckers with liver tumours followed the same patterns as the proportion of urban land use in the watershed: the Milwaukee Estuary had the highest prevalence, followed by the Root, Sheboygan and Kewaunee rivers. The overall skin neoplasm (papilloma and carcinoma) prevalence did not follow the same pattern, although the percentage of white suckers with squamous cell carcinoma exhibited a similar relationship to land use. Testicular tumours (seminoma) were observed at both AOC sites but not at the non‐AOC sites. Both skin and liver tumours were significantly and positively associated with age but not sex.
Quality Characteristics and Volatile Compounds of Foam Mat Dried Corn Flour
Authors: Teoh Li Shing , Lasekan Ola , Azeez Shakirah 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFoam mat drying is good in dehydrating liquid foods in a short time. The porous structure of foam material contributes to high drying rate and consequently shorter dehydration time. Corn flour was produced using foam mat drying and its quality was compared to freeze‐dried corn flour. Different concentrations of egg albumen (10, 15 and 20%) and whipping time (5, 10 and 15 min) were used. Foaming characteristics of corn slurry produced were investigated. Corn slurry produced with 20% egg albumen and 15 min whipping time was chosen and the slurry was dried at different temperatures (60, 70 and 80C). Their physicochemical properties and volatile compounds were determined. Foam mat dried corn flour at 60C was found to be the overall optimum corn flour with the highest nutritional composition (protein, 21.51%; crude fat, 4.16%; and crude fiber, 7.52%). However, freeze‐dried corn flour gave better color appearance and more volatile compounds.Practical ApplicationThis study provides some basic information necessary for the production of foam mat dried corn flour with better nutritional quality than the traditional hot air drying method. This study will enhance the availability of foam mat dried corn flour with improved physical, nutritional and sensory properties that could serve as a base material for infant formula in developing countries.
Beyond Global Warming Potential: A Comparative Application of Climate Impact Metrics for the Life Cycle Assessment of Coal and Natural Gas Based Electricity
Authors: Farquharson DeVynne , Jaramillo Paulina , Schivley Greg , Klima Kelly , Carlson Derrick , Samaras Constantine 
Published: August 2016

SummaryIn the ongoing debate about the climate benefits of fuel switching from coal to natural gas for power generation, the metrics used to model climate impacts may be important. In this article, we evaluate the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of coal and natural gas used in new, advanced power plants using a broad set of available climate metrics in order to test for the robustness of results. Climate metrics included in the article are global warming potential, global temperature change potential, technology warming potential, and cumulative radiative forcing. We also used the Model for the Assessment of Greenhouse‐gas Induced Climate Change (MAGICC) climate‐change model to validate the results. We find that all climate metrics suggest a natural gas combined cycle plant offers life cycle climate benefits over 100 years compared to a pulverized coal plant, even if the life cycle methane leakage rate for natural gas reaches 5%. Over shorter time frames (i.e., 20 years), plants using natural gas with a 4% leakage rate have similar climate impacts as those using coal, but are no worse than coal. If carbon capture and sequestration becomes available for both types of power plants, natural gas still offers climate benefits over coal as long as the life cycle methane leakage rate remains below 2%. These results are consistent across climate metrics and the MAGICC model over a 100‐year time frame. Although it is not clear whether any of these metrics are better than the others, the choice of metric can inform decisions based on different societal values. For example, whereas annual temperature change reported may be a more relevant metric to evaluate the human health effects of increased heat, the cumulative temperature change may be more relevant to evaluate climate impacts, such as sea‐level rise, that will result from the cumulative warming.
Dietary effect of dried bay leaves (Laurus nobilis) meal on some biochemical parameters and on plasma oxidative status in New Zealand white growing rabbit
Authors: Casamassima D. , Palazzo M. , Vizzarri F. , Coppola R. , Costagliola C. , Corino C. , Di Costanzo A. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryEffects of dietary supplementation of Laurus nobilis on selected biochemical parameters and plasma oxidative status in growing rabbits, fed with and without enriched‐fat diet, integrated with and without dried bay leaves meal, were investigated. In the test, 120 New Zealand white 35‐day‐old male rabbits were divided into four homogeneous groups of 30 animals each. A negative control group (CON) received a feed that met the animal nutrient requirement; a positive control group (CG) receiving a supplement of 2.5% pig fat in feed; an experimental group (GA) feeding an integration of 2.5% pig fat and 1 g/kg of dried bay leaves (Laurus nobilis) in feed; an experimental group (CA) with dried bay leaves at the rate of 1 g/kg in feed. The dietary integration with dried bay leaves meal have resulted in a significant decrease in the blood lipid profile, glycemic profile and liver enzymes, with reduced levels of ALT and AST, glucose, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and increased HDL cholesterol. Plasma oxidative status markers have statistically improved with an increase in blood total phenols, SOD, ORAC, the FRAP and lipo‐vitamin concentration, together with a significant reduction in ROMs and the MDA values. The results of present research underline that the dietary treatment with bay leaves meal, in the extend of 1 g/kg feed, confirms the lowering cholesterol activity and the epato‐protective and ipo‐glycemic effect in enrich‐fat diet, controlling the oxidative status of plasma markers.
Health Service Accessibility and Risk in Cervical Cancer Prevention: Comparing Rural Versus Nonrural Residence in New Mexico
Authors: McDonald Yolanda J. , Goldberg Daniel W. , Scarinci Isabel C. , Castle Philip E. , Cuzick Jack , Robertson Michael , Wheeler Cosette M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPurposeMultiple intrapersonal and structural barriers, including geography, may prevent women from engaging in cervical cancer preventive care such as screening, diagnostic colposcopy, and excisional precancer treatment procedures. Geographic accessibility, stratified by rural and nonrural areas, to necessary services across the cervical cancer continuum of preventive care is largely unknown.MethodsHealth care facility data for New Mexico (2010‐2012) was provided by the New Mexico Human Papillomavirus Pap Registry (NMHPVPR), the first population‐based statewide cervical cancer screening registry in the United States. Travel distance and time between the population‐weighted census tract centroid to the nearest facility providing screening, diagnostic, and excisional treatment services were examined using proximity analysis by rural and nonrural census tracts. Mann‐Whitney test (P < .05) was used to determine if differences were significant and Cohen's r to measure effect.FindingsAcross all cervical cancer preventive health care services and years, women who resided in rural areas had a significantly greater geographic accessibility burden when compared to nonrural areas (4.4 km vs 2.5 km and 4.9 minutes vs 3.0 minutes for screening; 9.9 km vs 4.2 km and 10.4 minutes vs 4.9 minutes for colposcopy; and 14.8 km vs 6.6 km and 14.4 minutes vs 7.4 minutes for precancer treatment services, all P < .001).ConclusionImprovements in cervical cancer prevention should address the potential benefits of providing the full spectrum of screening, diagnostic and precancer treatment services within individual facilities. Accessibility, assessments distinguishing rural and nonrural areas are essential when monitoring and recommending changes to service infrastructures (eg, mobile versus brick and mortar).
A Closer Look at Rural‐Urban Health Disparities: Associations Between Obesity and Rurality Vary by Geospatial and Sociodemographic Factors
Authors: Cohen Steven A. , Cook Sarah K. , Kelley Lauren , Foutz Julia D. , Sando Trisha A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundObesity affects over one‐third of older adults in the United States. Both aging and obesity contribute to an increased risk for chronic disease, early mortality, and additional health care utilization. Obesity rates are higher in rural areas than in urban areas, although findings are mixed. The objectives of this study are to assess potential nonlinearity in the association between rurality and obesity, and to evaluate the potential for socioeconomic status and geographic area to moderate the associations between rurality and obesity.MethodsUsing a representative sample of adults aged 65 and above from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) was modeled against the primary exposure of rural‐urban status, as measured by the Index of Relative Rurality. Binary logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds of obesity by rurality both as a continuous variable and by decile of rurality. Models were then stratified by per‐capita income and state to assess potential moderation by these factors.ResultsThe prevalence of obesity in older adults was highest in intermediate rurality areas (OR in rurality decile #5 1.134, 95% CI: 1.086‐1.184) and lowest in the most rural and most urban areas. Obesity was highest in low‐ and middle‐income areas, regardless of rural‐urban status. In high‐income areas, obesity among older adults was highest in areas of intermediate rurality and lowest in the most rural areas (OR 0.726, 95% CI: 0.606‐0.870) and more urban areas, showing a J‐shaped association. There were substantial differences in the associations between rurality and obesity in older adults among states.ConclusionAssociations between rurality and obesity varied by degree of rurality, socioeconomic status, and geography. Therefore, traditional “one‐size‐fits‐all” approaches to reducing rural‐urban health disparities in older adults may be more effective if tailored to the area‐specific rural‐urban gradients in health.
When does selective hunting select, how can we tell, and what should we do about it?
Authors: Festa‐Bianchet Marco 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPotential evolutionary consequences of selective hunting of mammals are controversial because of limited evidence and important socio‐economic impacts. Several ecological and management variables facilitate evolutionary responses to selection for horn, tusk or antler size, including strong selective hunting pressure; harvest of males with large horns, tusks or antlers before they can breed; unavailable or ineffective sources of unselected immigrants; and age‐dependent relationships between horn, tusk or antler size and male mating success. Plastic responses of male horns, tusks and antlers to environment are probably more common than evolutionary changes. Evidence for evolutionary effects of selective hunting is strong for large mammals where biological characteristics and hunting regulations combine to favour them.
Consensus movements by groups of sperm whales
Authors: Whitehead Hal 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWhen animals live in cohesive groups they need to make consensus decisions about movements. As a very large‐scale example of communal movement, nomadic female sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) travel about 50 km per day as coherent groups of 10–50 animals spread over several km of ocean. From 543 h of data during which 3,873 headings of small clusters of whales or individual whales were recorded, I quantified the heading behavior of groups foraging off the Galápagos Islands. The groups made both sudden and gradual turns. Using piecewise regression models, I estimate that sudden and gradual turns in heading both occurred at rates of 0.10/h. The mean change in heading was 69° for sudden turns and 84° for gradual turns. The mean duration of gradual turns was 1.3 h, so turns were often slow. Using the recorded headings within 30 min of each of 1,798 focal headings, a regression of heading on time gave a mean rate of turn of the group and error of each focal heading about the mean heading. Absolute heading errors increased with absolute turn rate (rS= 0.241;P= 0.0000), so turns were often messy. Thus sperm whales often make slow and messy—likely democratic—consensus decisions when groups change heading.
Ontogeny of the Furongian (late Cambrian) trilobite Proceratopyge cf. P. Lata Whitehouse from northern Victoria Land, Antarctica, and the evolution of metamorphosis in trilobites
Authors: Park Tae‐Yoon S. , Kihm Ji‐Hoon , Woo Jusun , Kim Young‐Hwan G. , Lee Jong‐Ik 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThere were multiple origins of metamorphosis‐undergoing protaspides in trilobite evolution: within the superfamilies Remopleuridioidea, Trinucleoidea, and within the Order Asaphida. Recent studies have revealed that the protaspides of the Cambrian representatives of the Remopleuridioidea and the Trinucleoidea did not undergo metamorphosis. However, ontogeny of the Cambrian members of the Order Asaphida has remained unknown. This study documents the ontogeny of the Furongian asaphoidean ceratopygid trilobite, Proceratopyge cf. P. lata Whitehouse, from northern Victoria Land, Antarctica. Two stages for the protaspid phase, five developmental stages for the post‐protaspid cranidia, and ten stages for the post‐protaspid pygidia have been identified. Interestingly, the protaspis directly developed into a meraspis without metamorphosis. A new cladistic analysis resulted in a single most parsimonious tree, according to which the presence of the bulbous commutavi protaspis turns out to be a synapomorphy for Asaphidae + Cyclopygoidea, not a synapomorphy for the Order Asaphida as previously suggested. In addition, it is inferred that there was convergent evolution of indirectly‐developing commutavi protaspides during the Furongian and Early Ordovician. Metamorphosis‐entailing planktonic larvae evolved in many different metazoan lineages near the Cambrian–Ordovician transition, due to the escalating ecological pressure of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event. Since the bulbous commutavi protaspid morphology is thought to be an adaptation for a planktonic life mode, the convergent evolution of the indirect development in the three trilobite lineages at this period might have been a result of adaptation to the early phase of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event.
Geometric Calibration of a Hyperspectral Frame Camera
Authors: de Oliveira Raquel A. , Tommaselli Antonio M. G. , Honkavaara Eija 
Published: August 2016

AbstractRecently, miniaturised hyperspectral sensors operable from small unmanned airborne vehicle platforms have entered the market. The emerging hyperspectral imaging technologies, based on frame cameras and tuneable filters, are attractive alternatives to hyperspectral pushbroom sensors. This paper addresses the geometric calibration process of a hyperspectral frame camera based on a Fabry–Pérot interferometer. However, the addition of more optical elements in front of the image sensor can affect the parameters related to the internal geometry of the camera, and a deficiency in knowledge regarding these parameters can have a critical effect on the accuracy of 3D measurements in photogrammetric applications. The experiments focused on assessing the self‐calibrating bundle adjustment to verify the behaviour of the interior parameters, considering different spectral bands. The results indicated that the applied self‐calibration method can accurately characterise the interior parameters of this camera and that one set of parameters is required for each internal sensor.
Relationship between endometritis and oxidative stress in the follicular fluid and luteal function in the buffalo
Authors: Behera BK , Sharma CG , Singh SK , Kumar H , Chaudhari RK , Mahla AS , Das GK , Krishnaswamy N 
Published: August 2016

ContentsIn this study, alteration in the follicular fluid composition and luteal function was investigated in the buffalo with endometritis. Genitalia were classified into cytological and purulent endometritis on the basis of polymorphonuclear cell cut off while non‐endometritis served as control (n = 10/group). In the follicular phase, the number of surface follicles was counted, diameter of the largest follicle was measured and the follicular fluid was assayed for total protein, cholesterol, malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oestradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4). The P4 content of corpus luteum during mid‐luteal phase was estimated by radioimmunoassay. Ovaries from the follicular phase of oestrous cycle showed no significant difference in the total number of surface follicles, size of the largest follicle and volume of follicular fluid in the buffaloes with and without endometritis (p > .05). However, the antral fluid of the largest follicle from the genitalia of buffalo with cytological and purulent endometritis showed a significant decrease in the concentration of total protein, cholesterol, TAC and E2 and a significant increase in the concentration of MDA and P4 (p < .05). The results indicated that there is an association between endometritis and decreased ovarian function.
An Update on Intradialytic Cardiac Dysfunction
Authors: Odudu Aghogho , McIntyre Christopher W. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCardiac dysfunction is a key factor in the high morbidity and mortality rates seen in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Much of the dysfunction is manifest as adverse changes in cardiac and vascular structure prior to commencing dialysis. This adverse vascular remodeling arises as a dysregulation between pro‐ and antiproliferative signaling pathways in response to hemodynamic and nonhemodynamic factors. The HD procedure itself further promotes cardiomyopathy by inducing hypotension and episodic regional cardiac ischemia that precedes global dysfunction, fibrosis, worsening symptoms, and increased mortality. Drug‐based therapies have been largely ineffective in reversing HD‐associated cardiomyopathy, in part due to targeting single pathways of low yield. Few studies have sought to establish natural history and there is no framework of priorities for future clinical trials. Targeting intradialytic cardiac dysfunction by altering dialysate temperature, composition, or ultrafiltration rate might prevent the development of global cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and mortality through multiple pathways. Novel imaging techniques show promise in characterizing the physiological response to HD that is a unique model of repetitive ischemia‐reperfusion injury. Reducing HD‐associated cardiomyopathy may need a paradigm shift from empirical delivery of solute clearance to a personalized therapy balancing solute and fluid removal with microvascular protection. This review describes the evidence for intradialytic cardiac dysfunction outlining cardioprotective strategies that extend to multiple organs with potential impacts on exercise tolerance, sleep, cognitive function, and quality of life.
Response of labile organic C and N pools to plastic film removal from semiarid farmland soil
Authors: Luo S. S. , Zhu L. , Liu J. L. , Bu L. D. , Yue S. C. , Shen Y. F. , Li S. Q. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTo examine the effects of plastic film removal on grain yield and soil organic matter (SOM), a spring maize (Zea mayL.) field experiment was conducted for 5 yr at Changwu Agricultural and Ecological Experimental Station of Northwest China. Compared with traditional plastic film mulching during entire growing stages (FM), plastic film removal at the silking stage (RM) resulted in a 6.3% higher average maize yield. Under theRMtreatment, soil organic carbon and total nitrogen significantly increased after the 5‐yr cultivation in the 0‐ to 20‐cm layer. Significant increases in extractable organic C (EOC),KMnO4‐oxidizable C (KMnO4‐C) and C management index (CMI) in the 0‐ to 20‐cm layer, and light fraction organic C andEOCin the 20‐ to 40‐cm layer were observed in response to plastic film removal after the 1‐yr treatment; the responses were more significant after 5 yr. Under theRMtreatment, significant increases in microbial biomass C, light fraction organic N, extractable organic N,KMnO4‐C andCMIwere also observed after five years in the 20‐ to 40‐cm layer. Moreover,KMnO4‐C andEOCwere much more sensitive than other labileSOMfractions to the application ofRM, even after only 1 yr of cultivation. Therefore, compared with mulching for the whole growing season, plastic film removal at the maize silking stage is an effective option for increasing yields and enhancingSOMconcentration and soil sustainability in the regions with semiarid monsoon climates that have sufficient rainfall during maize reproductive stages.
Rolling‐circle amplification of centromeric Helitrons in plant genomes
Authors: Xiong Wenwei , Dooner Hugo K. , Du Chunguang 
Published: August 2016

SummaryThe unusual eukaryotic Helitron transposons can readily capture host sequences and are, thus, evolutionarily important. They are presumed to amplify by rolling‐circle replication (RCR) because some elements encode predicted proteins homologous to RCR prokaryotic transposases. In support of this replication mechanism, it was recently shown that transposition of a bat Helitron generates covalently closed circular intermediates. Another strong prediction is that RCR should generate tandem Helitron concatemers, yet almost all Helitrons identified to date occur as solo elements in the genome. To investigate alternative modes of Helitron organization in present‐day genomes, we have applied the novel computational tool HelitronScanner to 27 plant genomes and have uncovered numerous tandem arrays of partially decayed, truncated Helitrons in all of them. Strikingly, most of these Helitron tandem arrays are interspersed with other repeats in centromeres. Many of these arrays have multiple Helitron 5′ ends, but a single 3′ end. The number of repeats in any one array can range from a handful to several hundreds. We propose here an RCR model that conforms to the present Helitron landscape of plant genomes. Our study provides strong evidence that plant Helitrons amplify by RCR and that the tandemly arrayed replication products accumulate mostly in centromeres.