bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healthcare resource utilization and cost among males with lower urinary tract symptoms with a predominant storage component in Spain: The epidemiological, cross‐sectional MERCURY study
Authors: Errando‐Smet Carlos , Müller‐Arteaga Carlos , Hernández Marta , Lenero Enrique , Roset Montse 
Published: May 2017

AimsTo assess the relationship between storage‐predominant LUTS and healthcare resource consumption and cost among males in Spain.MethodsIn this non‐interventional, cross‐sectional study, urologists enrolled males with storage‐predominant LUTS and recorded the consumption of healthcare resources (medical visits, diagnostic tests/monitoring, treatment, and hospitalizations) within the previous 6 months. The cost of healthcare resources was calculated from unit costs extracted from a Spanish eHealth database. Severity of LUTS was assessed by the Bladder Self‐Assessment Questionnaire (BSAQ) and patients were stratified by symptom score (<6 or ≥6) to assess the relationship between LUTS severity and healthcare resource consumption and cost.ResultsAmong 610 enrolled patients (BSAQ symptom score <6, n = 191; BSAQ symptom score ≥6, n = 419), the majority (87.7%) consumed healthcare resources during the previous 6 months in the form of medical visits (86.2%), diagnostic tests/monitoring (83.4%), and treatment (85.9%). Patients with BSAQ symptom scores ≥6 used more healthcare resources compared with patients with BSAQ symptom scores <6. The most common treatments for LUTS were α‐blockers used as monotherapy (n = 229 [37.5%]) or in combination with antimuscarinics (n = 227 [37.2%]). The estimated median annual cost was €1070 per patient, consisting of diagnostic tests/monitoring (54.6%), medical visits (20.5%), and treatment (29.6%), and was higher in patients with BSAQ symptom score ≥6 (€1127) than in patients with BSAQ symptom score <6 (€920; P < 0.001).ConclusionsMore severe LUTS are associated with higher healthcare consumption and cost. These findings highlight the importance of symptom management in LUTS patients to help minimize healthcare consumption and cost.
Peroxidase Activity of a c‐Type Cytochrome b5 in the Non‐Native State is Comparable to that of Native Peroxidases
Authors: Hu Shan , He Bo , Du Ke‐Jie , Wang Xiao‐Juan , Gao Shu‐Qin , Lin Ying‐Wu 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe design of artificial metalloenzymes has achieved tremendous progress, although few designs can achieve catalytic performances comparable to that of native enzymes. Moreover, the structure and function of artificial metalloenzymes in non‐native states has rarely been explored. Herein, we found that a c‐type cytochrome b5 (Cyt b5), N57C/S71C Cyt b5, with heme covalently attached to the protein matrix through two Cys–heme linkages, adopts a non‐native state with an open heme site after guanidine hydrochloride (Gdn⋅HCl)‐induced unfolding, which facilitates H2O2 activation and substrate binding. Stopped‐flow kinetic studies further revealed that c‐type Cyt b5 in the non‐native state exhibited impressive peroxidase activity comparable to that of native peroxidases, such as the most efficient horseradish peroxidase. This study presents an alternative approach to the design of functional artificial metalloenzymes by exploring enzymatic functions in non‐native states.
Orgel ohne Pfeifen
Authors: Mathelitsch Leopold , Verovnik Ivo 
Published: May 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Hammond‐Orgel erzeugt Töne elektromechanisch. Rotierende Zahnräder induzieren in magnetischen Spulen Wechselspannungen, der resultierende Wechselstrom wird verstärkt durch Lautsprecher geschickt. Der charakteristische Orgelklang basiert auf einem Mix aus Teiltönen, deren Stärke einstellbar ist. Für einen volleren Klang sorgt das Leslie‐Kabinett. Es besitzt einen rotierenden Hochton‐Lautsprecher und eine rotierende Reflektorfläche unter dem fixierten Basstöner. Die Mischung aus Doppler‐Effekt und variierender Intensität ergibt den charakteristischen Klang.
Einsteins Fenster zum dunklen Universum
Authors: Lück Harald 
Published: May 2017

ZusammenfassungMit dem ersten direkten Nachweis von Gravitationswellen wurde nicht nur die letzte Vorhersage der Allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie bestätigt, sondern auch ein neues Fenster zur Beobachtung des Universums geöffnet. Zentrales Messinstrument ist ein Michelson‐Interferometer, das mit vielen neuen Techniken eine extrem hohe Empfindlichkeit und Genauigkeit erreicht. Die nun mögliche Gravitationswellenastronomie erlaubt es, Bereiche und Phänomene zu beobachten, die den Astronomen bisher verschlossen blieben.
Der Stau als Forschungsobjekt
Authors: Bresges André , Schadschneider Andreas 
Published: May 2017

ZusammenfassungStraßenverkehr ist eine ideale Spielwiese für die Physik. Auf der Basis von empirischen Beobachtungen und Experimenten ist die Struktur der verschiedenen Verkehrszustände mittlerweile recht gut verstanden. Verschiedene Modelle aus der Physik wie Zellularautomaten liefern realitätsnahe Simulationsergebnisse von Staus. Dies hat zu interessanten Anwendungen wie Stauprognose‐Systemen geführt.
Knoten in der Magnetisierung
Authors: von Bergmann Kirsten , Kubetzka André 
Published: May 2017

ZusammenfassungMagnetische Skyrmionen sind teilchenartige Knoten der Magnetisierung. Wegen ihrer besonderen topologischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften zählen sie zu den spannendsten Objekten in der festkörperphysikalischen Grundlagenforschung. Für mögliche Anwendungen in der Informationstechnologie steht zum einen die stromgetriebene Bewegung von magnetischen Skyrmionen im Fokus der aktuellen Forschung. Zum anderen werden neue Methoden und Mechanismen untersucht, um Skyrmionen lokal zu detektieren und kontrolliert zu manipulieren.
Biegedrillknick‐Tragverhalten von Trägern mit nachgiebigen Zwischenabstützungen an nur einem Gurt
Authors: Unterweger Harald , Kettler Markus , Loschan Sarah 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDer Formelapparat zum Nachweis der Tragfähigkeit bei Biegedrillknickversagen im Eurocode EN 1993‐1‐1 setzt Zwischenabstützungen voraus, die beide Gurte starr abstützen (vollständige Verdrehbehinderung). Nachfolgend wird der in der Praxis häufige Fall untersucht, der nur einen Gurt nachgiebig aus der Trägerebene abstützt.Auf Basis numerischer nichtlinearer Berechnungen wird gezeigt, dass nun bei den Traglastberechnungen auch höhere Eigenformen zur Beschreibung der Imperfektionsgeometrie notwendig werden, um die Tragfähigkeiten nicht zu überschätzen. Der Einfluss der Nachgiebigkeit der Zwischenabstützung auf das Tragverhalten wird umfassend dargestellt. Es wird aufgezeigt, dass die aktuellen Knick‐ bzw. Biegedrillknicklinien im Falle von starren bzw. nachgiebigen Zwischenabstützungen an nur einem Gurt die Tragfähigkeit mitunter deutlich überschätzen, sodass die Entwicklung modifizierter Nachweisregeln erforderlich wird.
Lastkollektive für Eisenbahnbrücken aus Messdaten
Authors: Schmid Johannes , Lener Gerhard 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRasante Fortschritte bei der Entwicklung von Speichermedien ermöglichen die Erfassung riesiger Datenmengen. Diese liefern bei systematischer Auswertung neue Möglichkeiten zur Bestimmung von Ermüdungslasten für Eisenbahnbrücken. Während bisher die Bildung von Lastkollektiven über vorab definierte Regelzüge und eine darauf basierende Verkehrszusammensetzung die übliche Herangehensweise war, kann die Lastkollektivbildung jetzt deutlich genauer in Kombination mit Einwirkungsdaten über längere Zeiträume gelöst werden, wenn auch rechenintensiver. Dieser Artikel zeigt praktische Ergebnisse dieser neuen Herangehensweise zur Lastkollektivbildung anhand systematischer Berechnungen am Einfeldträger samt kurzen theoretischen Erläuterungen. Die dabei von den Österreichischen Bundesbahnen zur Verfügung gestellten Achslastmessdaten liefern teils erhebliche Unterschiede zu den normativen Werten. Zudem werden für die Konstruktion relevante Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der berechneten Ergebnisse gezeigt. Teil 1 befasst sich dabei ausschließlich mit dem Schadensäquivalenzfaktor λ1, während Teil 2 die Schadensäquivalenzfaktoren λ2 und λ3 sowie den Grenzwert λmax und ein Modell zur Berücksichtigung von Verkehrsveränderungen beinhaltet.
Lastkollektive für Eisenbahnbrücken aus Messdaten
Authors: Schmid Johannes , Lener Gerhard , Eberle Robert 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRasante Fortschritte bei der Entwicklung von Speichermedien ermöglichen die Erfassung riesiger Datenmengen. Diese liefern bei systematischer Auswertung neue Möglichkeiten zur Bestimmung von Ermüdungslasten für Eisenbahnbrücken. Während bisher die Bildung von Lastkollektiven über vorab definierte Regelzüge und eine darauf basierende Verkehrszusammensetzung die übliche Herangehensweise war, kann die Lastkollektivbildung jetzt deutlich genauer in Kombination mit Einwirkungsdaten über längere Zeiträume, wenn auch rechenintensiver gelöst werden. Dieser Artikel zeigt praktische Ergebnisse dieser neuen Herangehensweise zur Lastkollektivbildung anhand systematischer Berechnungen am Einfeldträger samt kurzen theoretischen Erläuterungen. Die dabei von den Österreichischen Bundesbahnen zur Verfügung gestellten Achslastmessdaten liefern erhebliche Unterschiede zu den normativen Werten. Teil 1 befasst sich ausschließlich mit dem Schadensäquivalenzfaktor λ1 [16]. In diesem zweiten Teil werden die Schadensäquivalenzfaktoren λ2 und λ3 sowie der Grenzwert λmax und ein Modell zur Berücksichtigung von Verkehrsveränderungen erläutert.
How is a bottled water market created?
Authors: Brei Vinicius Andrade 
Published: May 2017

From the 1940s until 2015, while the French population grew 60%, the bottled water per capita consumption grew 2350%, from 6 L to about 140 L per person, per year. These figures rank France as one of the biggest bottled water markets in the world. Contrary to other top water markets, most of France's population has access to good quality tap water, which is trusted and consumed by most of its citizens. I explain this paradox, analyzing the creation and development of the French bottled water market. Based on data on the history of mineral water, marketing, and consumer behavior, I describe the origins and development of this market, highlighting the most important historical events and laws that created the economic and political conditions that shaped its structure and regulation. I analyze the influence of food and beverage groups like Nestlé, Danone, and Group Castel/Alma (Neptune), demonstrating how these companies radically reshaped the market structure through aggressive strategies of merger and acquisitions of smaller companies and their brands. I also examine how their marketing strategies and actions transformed the cultural meaning of water, gradually shifting from a banal, life‐essential good into a commodity that connects to a range of different cultural images, lifestyles, and changing consumers’ tastes and behavior. I also situate bottled water markets into the wider debate of water politics and policy. WIREs Water 2018, 5:e1220. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1220This article is categorized under:

Human Water > Value of Water
Human Water > Water as Imagined and Represented
Superior Thoracic Aperture Size is Significantly Associated with Cervical Anastomotic Leakage After Esophagectomy
Authors: Mine Shinji , Watanabe Masayuki , Okamura Akihiko , Imamura Yu , Kajiyama Yoshiaki , Sano Takeshi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe size of the superior thoracic aperture (STA) may be associated with the incidence of cervical anastomotic leakage after esophagectomy. Using computed tomography (CT) images, we retrospectively investigated relationships between the size of the STA and anastomotic leakage following esophagectomy using the retrosternal or posterior mediastinal reconstruction routes.MethodsPatients who underwent cervical esophagogastrostomy after esophagectomy between 2009 and 2015 were enrolled in this retrospective study (n = 326). The size of the STA was measured at the level of the sternal notch using preoperative CT images, and it was determined as the anteroposterior diameter of the STA minus the diameter of the trachea. Associations between clinical factors, including the size of the STA, and anastomotic leakage were determined.ResultsAnastomotic leakage occurred in 44 patients (13.5%). The size of the STA ranged from 0 to 49 mm (median, 16 mm). In univariate analyses, the duration of the operation, tumor location, anastomotic procedure, and the size of the STA were significantly associated with anastomotic leakage. In multivariate analysis, only the size of the STA was independently related to leakage (odds ratio 1.05; 95% confidence interval 1.002–1.107; p = 0.027). The size of the STA affected the incidence of leakage more frequently with the posterior mediastinal route than with the retrosternal route.ConclusionsThe size of the STA was significantly associated with the incidence of anastomotic leakage after esophagectomy, especially when using the posterior mediastinal route.
The effects of a brief educational intervention on medical students’ knowledge, attitudes and beliefs towards low back pain
Authors: Shaheed Christina Abdel , Graves Jane , Maher Chris 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Background and aims
Knowledge, attitudes and beliefs towards low back pain (LBP) can significantly impact a health care provider’s clinical decision making. Several studies have investigated interventions designed to change practitioner attitudes and beliefs towards LBP, however no such studies involving medical students have been identified.

Methods
This study explored medical students ‚ knowledge, attitudes and beliefs towards LBP before and after a brief educational intervention on LBP. Responses from medical students (n = 93) were evaluated before and after a 15-min educational video on back pain. The intervention was developed using Camtasia™ video editor and screen recorder. Knowledge, attitudes and beliefs were measured using the “Modified Back Beliefs Questionnaire”, with items from two previously reported questionnaires on back beliefs. The questionnaire asks participants to indicate their agreement with statements about LBP on a 5-point Likert scale. Preferred responses were based on guidelines for the evidence-based management of LBP. The primary analysis evaluated total score on the nine-inevitability items of the Back Beliefs Questionnaire (“inevitability score”).

Results
Following the brief intervention there was a significant improvement in the inevitability score (post-workshop mean [SD] 20.8 [4.9] vs pre-workshop mean [SD] 26.9 [4.2]; mean difference (MD) 6.1, p < 0.001; lower score more favourable 1) and large improvements in the proportion of students providing correct responses to items on activity (pre: 49% vs post: 79%), bed rest (41% vs 75%), imaging (44% vs 74%) and recovery (25% vs 66%).

Conclusions
After watching the educational video students’ knowledge, beliefs and attitudes towards LBP improved and thus aligned more closely with evidence-based guidelines.

Implications
Medical doctors are at the forefront of managing low back pain in the community, however there is a need to strengthen musculoskeletal education in medical training programmes. The results from this research suggest educational interventions on back pain do not need to be extensive in order to have favourable outcomes on medical students’ knowledge, attitudes and beliefs towards back pain. The translational effects of these changes into clinical practice are not known.
Development of a self-directed, online-learning curriculum to increase community-engaged research in clinical and translational science
Authors: Balls-Berry Joyce E. , Billings Heather , Ernste Laura , Valdez Soto Miguel , Frimannsdottir Katrin , Weavers Karen , Montori Victor M. , Patten Christi A. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundMedical research strives to improve health; community-engaged research (CEnR) supports translation to the community.MethodsThis article describes the use of andragogical theory to develop asynchronous CEnR training.ResultsA total of 43 researchers and community members completed at least one module. The majority (67%–100%) stated that training met their educational needs and noted a desire for more information.ConclusionThe curriculum reinforced CEnR principles to enhance medical research.
Science Cafés: Transforming citizens to scientific citizens—What influences participants’ perceived change in health and scientific literacy?
Authors: Ahmed Syed M. , DeFino Mia , Connors Emily , Visotcky Alexis , Kissack Anne , Franco Zeno 
Published: May 2017

IntroductionScience Cafés facilitated by the Clinical and Translational Science Institute of Southeast Wisconsin seek to increase health and scientific literacy through informal conversation between researchers and community members. The goal was to understand what factors have the greatest influence on attendees’ perceived changes in health and science literacy levels (PCHSL) to increase impact.MethodsPrevious research established the evaluation used in the Science Cafés to measure PCHSL. In this study, comparisons were made between (1) 2 different approaches to Science Cafés (Genomics Science Cafés or Health Science Cafés) and (2) regression models to show which factors best predicted PCHSL.ResultsThe approach of the Genomics Science Cafés series to Science Cafés showed a larger impact on PCHSL. Regression models suggest SES and education significantly contributes to PCHSL.ConclusionsInsights for program development to have greater impact on PCHSL were identified. Continuing to optimize dissemination of research findings to the public is essential for improving community health and well-being.
The principle of reflexive practice
Authors: Reich Yoram 
Published: May 2017

‘Practice what you preach’ is a phrase occasionally used to refer to those not acting as they want others to act. There are countless opportunities in professional work and daily life to bring such criticism upon ourselves. While the subject is broad, this study focuses on the application of this idea in research practice, and more specifically in design research. One point of departure is the question: ‘how should we practice research if its results are products just like other products?’ The Principle of Reflexive Practice (PRP) states that considering the outcome of design research or research itself as a product, many design principles, tools, methods or knowledge are applicable to design research.A corollary of the principle is that in order to succeed in contemporary research environments, design researchers would gain significant benefit such as improving the success rate of their research projects, if they exercise design methods and tools in designing their research. By exercising these methods, researchers would gain quick and rich feedback about the methods they develop; they would become aware of issues that require users’ perspective that could not be possible without their own practical use.The PRP makes participants in design research aware of the reflexive opportunity in studying design that could be mobilized to advancing their practice and making their research results more effective. Notwithstanding, adopting the PRP is not easy; therefore, it is presented as a challenge to design research. Four examples of using the PRP as a guiding principle in research are presented to demonstrate its importance and benefits.
Nuclear terrorism and virtual risk: Implications for prediction and the utility of models
Authors: Downes Robert J. , Hobbs Christopher 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAssessing the risk of nuclear terrorism is a challenging task due to the diversity of actors involved, variety of pathways to success, range of defensive measures employed, and the lack of detailed historical record upon which to base analysis. Numerical models developed to date vary wildly in both approach and ultimate assessment: estimates of the likelihood a nuclear terrorist attack differ by up to nine orders of magnitude. This article critiques existing efforts from the standpoint of probability theory, and proposes an alternative perspective on the utility of risk assessment in this area. Nuclear terrorism is argued to be a ‘virtual risk’ for which it is not possible to meaningfully ascribe a quantitative measure, making numerical estimates of the likelihood of nuclear terrorism misleading. Instead, we argue that focus should be placed on utilising models to identify areas of disagreement as targets for further research, with greater emphasis on understanding terrorist decision-making and adaption in response to nuclear security measures.
On stable transitivity of finitely generated groups of volume-preserving diffeomorphisms
Authors: ZHANG ZHIYUAN 
Published: May 2017

In this paper, we provide a new criterion for the stable transitivity of volume-preserving finite generated groups on any compact Riemannian manifold. As one of our applications, we generalize a result of Dolgopyat and Krikorian [On simultaneous linearization of diffeomorphisms of the sphere.Duke Math. J. 136(2007), 475–505] and obtain stable transitivity for random rotations on the sphere in any dimension. As another application, we show that for$\infty \geq r\geq 2$, for any$C^{r}$volume-preserving partially hyperbolic diffeomorphism$g$on any compact Riemannian manifold$M$having sufficiently Hölder stable or unstable distribution, for any sufficiently large integer$K$and for any$(f_{i})_{i=1}^{K}$in a$C^{1}$open$C^{r}$dense subset of$\text{Diff}^{r}(M,m)^{K}$, the group generated by$g,f_{1},\ldots ,f_{K}$acts transitively.
Developing a scalable training model in global mental health: pilot study of a video-assisted training Program for Generalist Clinicians in Rural Nepal
Authors: Acharya B. , Tenpa J. , Basnet M. , Hirachan S. , Rimal P. , Choudhury N. , Thapa P. , Citrin D. , Halliday S. , Swar S. B. , van Dyke C. , Gauchan B. , Sharma B. , Hung E. , Ekstrand M. 
Published: May 2017

Background.In low- and middle-income countries, mental health training often includes sending few generalist clinicians to specialist-led programs for several weeks. Our objective is to develop and test a video-assisted training model addressing the shortcomings of traditional programs that affect scalability: failing to train all clinicians, disrupting clinical services, and depending on specialists.Methods.We implemented the program -video lectures and on-site skills training- for all clinicians at a rural Nepali hospital. We used Wilcoxon signed-rank tests to evaluate pre- and post-test change in knowledge (diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis, and appropriate treatment). We used a series of ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ questions to assess attitudes about mental illness, and utilized exact McNemar's test to analyze the proportions of participants who held a specific belief before and after the training. We assessed acceptability and feasibility through key informant interviews and structured feedback.Results.For each topic except depression, there was a statistically significant increase (Δ) in median scores on knowledge questionnaires: Acute Stress Reaction (Δ = 20, p = 0.03), Depression (Δ = 11, p = 0.12), Grief (Δ = 40, p < 0.01), Psychosis (Δ = 22, p = 0.01), and post-traumatic stress disorder (Δ = 20, p = 0.01). The training received high ratings; key informants shared examples and views about the training's positive impact and complementary nature of the program's components.Conclusion.Video lectures and on-site skills training can address the limitations of a conventional training model while being acceptable, feasible, and impactful toward improving knowledge and attitudes of the participants.