bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correcting hazard ratio estimates for outcome misclassification using multiple imputation with internal validation data
Authors: Ni Jiayi , Leong Aaron , Dasgupta Kaberi , Rahme Elham 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveOutcome misclassification may occur in observational studies using administrative databases. We evaluated a two‐step multiple imputation approach based on complementary internal validation data obtained from two subsamples of study participants to reduce bias in hazard ratio (HR) estimates in Cox regressions.MethodsWe illustrated this approach using data from a surveyed sample of 6247 individuals in a study of statin‐diabetes association in Quebec. We corrected diabetes status and onset assessed from health administrative data against self‐reported diabetes and/or elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG) assessed in subsamples. The association between statin use and new onset diabetes was evaluated using administrative data and the corrected data. By simulation, we assessed the performance of this method varying the true HR, sensitivity, specificity, and the size of validation subsamples.ResultsThe adjusted HR of new onset diabetes among statin users versus non‐users was 1.61 (95% confidence interval: 1.09–2.38) using administrative data only, 1.49 (0.95–2.34) when diabetes status and onset were corrected based on self‐report and undiagnosed diabetes (FBG ≥ 7 mmol/L), and 1.36 (0.92–2.01) when corrected for self‐report and undiagnosed diabetes/impaired FBG (≥ 6 mmol/L). In simulations, the multiple imputation approach yielded less biased HR estimates and appropriate coverage for both non‐differential and differential misclassification. Large variations in the corrected HR estimates were observed using validation subsamples with low participation proportion. The bias correction was sometimes outweighed by the uncertainty introduced by the unknown time of event occurrence.ConclusionMultiple imputation is useful to correct for outcome misclassification in time‐to‐event analyses if complementary validation data are available from subsamples. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bronchoscopy in children with tetralogy of fallot, pulmonary atresia, and major aortopulmonary collaterals
Authors: Sidell Douglas R. , Koth Andrew M. , Bauser‐Heaton Holly , McElhinney Doff B. , Wise‐Faberowski Lisa , Tracy Michael C. , Hanley Frank L. , Asija Ritu ,   On behalf of the Pulmonary Artery Reconstruction Program at Stanford University
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveChildren with Tetralogy of Fallot, Pulmonary Atresia, and Major Aortopulmonary Collaterals (TOF/PA/MAPCAs) undergoing unifocalization surgery are at risk for developing more postoperative respiratory complications than children undergoing other types of congenital heart surgery. Bronchoscopy is used in the perioperative period for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. In this study, we describe bronchoscopic findings and identify factors associated with selection for bronchoscopy.DesignRetrospective case‐control.Patients and MethodsAll patients with TOF/PA/MAPCAs who underwent unifocalization surgery from September 2005 through March 2016 were included. Patients who underwent bronchoscopy in the perioperative period were compared to a randomly selected cohort of 172 control patients who underwent unifocalization without bronchoscopy during the study period.ResultsForty‐three children underwent perioperative bronchoscopy at a median of 9 days postoperatively. Baseline demographics were similar in bronchoscopy patients and controls. Patients who underwent bronchoscopy were more likely to have a chromosome 22q11 deletion and were more likely have undergone unifocalization surgery without intracardiac repair. These patients had a longer duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU duration, and length of hospitalization. Abnormalities were detected on bronchoscopy in 35 patients (81%), and 20 (35%) of bronchoscopy patients underwent a postoperative intervention related to abnormalities identified on bronchoscopy.ConclusionBronchoscopy is a useful therapeutic and diagnostic instrument for children undergoing unifocalization surgery, capable of identifying abnormalities leading to an additional intervention in over one third of patients. Special attention should be given to children with a 22q11 deletion to expedite diagnosis and intervention for possible airway complications.
All circular but different: Variation in patterns of Ukraine‐to‐Poland migration
Authors: Górny Agata 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn many of the “newest” immigration countries of Central and Eastern Europe, temporary migration prevails and rates of migrants' settlement are low. This article examines variations in temporary migration patterns and what distinguishes migrants who choose “more permanent” time–space strategies in such temporary migration regimes. Taking Ukrainian migration to Poland as a case study, and applying cluster analysis to survey data from 2010, we propose an empirical typology of migrants based on parameters of their overall mobility history. The majority consists of circular migrants who can be described as either regular or intermittent circulants. Those who represent more permanent mobility patterns can be termed circular transmigrants and long‐term migrants. The latter are more likely than circulants to work outside agriculture, construction, and domestic services—seen as migrant sectors in Poland—and are less involved in family duties in Ukraine. Further, women are more likely than men to be involved in temporary migration for sustained time. The article contributes to the migration literature by proposing a typology of temporary migrants based on detailed parameters of their mobility and by examining how selected characteristics of migrants correlate with their mobility patterns in a temporary migration regime such as posed by Poland.
Thermal properties of metal matrix composites with planar distribution of carbon fibres
Authors: Oddone Valerio , Reich Stephanie 
Published: May 2017

High thermal conductivity (TC) and a tunable coefficient of thermal expansion are essential properties for heat management materials operating in a wide temperature range. We combine both properties in a composite with a low‐density metal matrix reinforced with pitch‐based carbon fibres. The thermal conductivity of the metal matrix was increased by 50%, the thermal expansion coefficient was reduced by a factor of five. The samples were produced by powder metallurgy and have a planar random distribution of fibres, leading to high performance in two dimensions.Surface of a metal matrix composite with 50% carbon fibre (CF) strengthening (optical microscope, 20× magnification).
Cranioplasty with Adipose-Derived Stem Cells, Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate Granules and Supporting Mesh: Six-Year Clinical Follow-Up Results
Authors: Thesleff Tuomo , Lehtimäki Kai , Niskakangas Tero , Huovinen Sanna , Mannerström Bettina , Miettinen Susanna , Seppänen-Kaijansinkko Riitta , Öhman Juha 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Several alternative techniques exist to reconstruct skull defects. The complication rate of the cranioplasty procedure is high and the search for optimal materials and techniques continues. To report long-term results of patients who have received a cranioplasty using autologous adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) seeded on beta-tricalcium phosphate (betaTCP) granules. Between 10/2008 and 3/2010, five cranioplasties were performed (four females, one male; average age 62.0 years) using ASCs, betaTCP granules and titanium or resorbable meshes. The average defect size was 8.1 × 6.7 cm2. Patients were followed both clinically and radiologically. The initial results were promising, with no serious complications. Nevertheless, in the long-term follow-up, three of the five patients were re-operated due to graft related problems. Two patients showed marked resorption of the graft, which led to revision surgery. One patient developed a late infection (7.3 years post-operative) that required revision surgery and removal of the graft. One patient had a successfully ossified graft, but was re-operated due to recurrence of the meningioma 2.2 years post-operatively. One patient had an uneventful clinical follow-up, and the cosmetic result is satisfactory, even though skull x-rays show hypodensity in the borders of the graft. Albeit no serious adverse events occurred, the 6-year follow-up results of the five cases are unsatisfactory. The clinical results are not superior to results achieved by conventional cranial repair methods. The use of stem cells in combination with betaTCP granules and supporting meshes in cranial defect reconstruction need to be studied further before continuing with clinical trials.
Characterization of the Old Yellow Enzyme Homolog from Bacillus subtilis (YqjM)
Authors: Pesic Milja , Fernández‐Fueyo Elena , Hollmann Frank 
Published: May 2017

AbstractOld Yellow Enzymes (OYEs) have become practical catalysts for the stereoselective trans‐hydrogenation of conjugated C=C‐double bonds. Despite their importance, in‐depth characterization of their kinetic parameters and factors influencing their activity and stability have largely been neglected in the past years. In this study, we close this gap for one of the most prominent OYEs, i. e. the OYE from Bacillus subtilis (YqjM).
Linked Data Notifications: A Resource-Centric Communication Protocol
Authors: Capadisli Sarven , Guy Amy , Lange Christoph , Auer Sören , Sambra Andrei , Berners-Lee Tim 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this article we describe the Linked Data Notifications (LDN) protocol, which is a W3C Candidate Recommendation. Notifications are sent over the Web for a variety of purposes, for example, by social applications. The information contained within a notification is structured arbitrarily, and typically only usable by the application which generated it in the first place. In the spirit of Linked Data, we propose that notifications should be reusable by multiple authorised applications. Through separating the concepts of senders, receivers and consumers of notifications, and leveraging Linked Data principles of shared vocabularies and URIs, LDN provides a building block for decentralised Web applications. This permits end users more freedom to switch between the online tools they use, as well as generating greater value when notifications from different sources can be used in combination. We situate LDN alongside related initiatives, and discuss additional considerations such as security and abuse prevention measures. We evaluate the protocol’s effectiveness by analysing multiple, independent implementations, which pass a suite of formal tests and can be demonstrated interoperating with each other. To experience the described features please open this document in your Web browser under its canonical URI: http://csarven.ca/linked-data-notifications.
An Analysis of Accountability Concepts for Open Development
Authors: Bentley Caitlin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractOpen development is the public, networked sharing of communication and information resources towards a process of positive social transformation. Open development likewise imposes a challenge, because new actors, practices and problems of inequality are introduced. Accountability at its core is meant to redress issues of power and inequality [1], thus offering potential to improve open development processes and initiatives. However, the distinct and innovative characteristics of open processes render some concepts of accountability inadequate. This article compares three purposes and perspectives on accountability for their relevance to open development. The purpose of which is to suggest future areas of research and theoretical development in this field.
An Exploratory Analysis of the Geographical Distribution of Trauma Incidents in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Zhang Gui Xi , Fan Joe King Man , Chan Fion Siu Yin , Leung Gilberto Ka Kit , Lo Chung Mao , Yu Yi Min , Zhang Hong , Brundage Susan I. , Jansen Jan O. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackground
The city of Shenzhen, China, is planning to establish a trauma system. At present, there are few data on the geographical distribution of incidents, which is key to deciding on the location of trauma centres. The aim of this study was to perform a geographical analysis in order to inform the development of a trauma system in Shenzhen.MethodsRetrospective analysis of trauma incidents attended by Shenzhen Emergency Medical Services (EMS) in 2014. Data were obtained from Shenzhen EMS. Incident distribution was explored using dot and kernel density estimate maps. Clustering was determined using the nearest neighbour index. The type of healthcare facilities which patients were taken to was compared against patients’ needs, as assessed using the Field Triage Decision Scheme.ResultsThere were 49,082 recorded incidents. A total of 3513 were classed as major trauma. Mapping demonstrates that incidents predominantly occurred in the western part of Shenzhen, with identifiable clusters. Nearest neighbour index was 0.048. Of patients deemed to have suffered major trauma, 8.5% were taken to a teaching hospital, 13.6% to a regional hospital, 42.6% to a community hospital, and 35.3% to a private hospital. The proportions of Step 1 or 2 negative patients were almost identical.ConclusionThe majority of trauma patients, including trauma patients who are at greater likelihood of severe injury, are taken to regional and community hospitals. There are areas with identifiable concentrations of volume, which should be considered for the siting of high‐level trauma centres, although further modelling is required to make firm recommendations.
Surgical Treatment of Extraesophageal Manifestations of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Authors: Sidwa Feroze , Moore Alessandra L. , Alligood Elaine , Fisichella P. Marco 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo review the current literature on the role of antireflux surgery (ARS) for the treatment of extraesophageal manifestations of GERD.Summary background dataThe extraesophageal manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) include chronic cough, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and asthma. They are responsible for significant morbidity in affected patients and a high economic burden on healthcare resources. We recently published a larger review on the symptoms, diagnosis, medical, and surgical treatment of the extraesophageal manifestations of GERD. Through our investigation, we found that the role of ARS for respiratory symptoms was unclear. Hence, we resorted through the data of our previous meta‐analysis to compile a comprehensive and focused review on the role of ARS for respiratory symptoms.MethodsUsing the archive of our previous meta‐analysis, we selected studies extracted from the MEDLINE, Cochran, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase databases pertaining to the surgical treatment of extraesophageal manifestations of reflux (cough laryngopharyngeal reflux, and asthma). We applied a similar reporting methodology as was used in our previous manuscript and then hand searched the bibliographies of included studies yielding a total of 27 articles for review. We graded the level of evidence and classified recommendations by size of treatment effect per the American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines.ResultsObservational data indicated that syndromes of chronic cough, laryngopharyngeal reflux and asthma might improve after antireflux surgery only in highly selected patients—likely those with non‐acid reflux—while those patients with objective markers of asthma severity do not. Because of the varied methods of diagnosis and surgical technique, non‐comparative observational data may be unreliable. Additionally, our search found no randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing antireflux surgery to medical therapy in the treatment of cough or laryngopharyngeal reflux. One RCT compared medical treatment to antireflux surgery in patients with asthma, but medical treatment included high‐dose H2 blockers instead of PPIs.ConclusionsExtraesophageal manifestations of GERD are common, costly, and difficult to treat. ARS might be effective in highly selected patients, especially in those whose extraesophageal manifestations are caused by non‐acid reflux. The available data to date are generally of poor quality or outdated. Well‐designed randomized controlled trials or large‐scale observational cohort studies are urgently needed.
Doubly labelled water assessment of energy expenditure: principle, practice, and promise
Authors: Westerterp Klaas R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe doubly labelled water method for the assessment of energy expenditure was first published in 1955, application in humans started in 1982, and it has become the gold standard for human energy requirement under daily living conditions. The method involves enriching the body water of a subject with heavy hydrogen (2H) and heavy oxygen (18O), and then determining the difference in washout kinetics between both isotopes, being a function of carbon dioxide production. In practice, subjects get a measured amount of doubly labelled water (2H
2
18
O) to increase background enrichment of body water for 18O of 2000 ppm with at least 180 ppm and background enrichment of body water for 2H of 150 ppm with 120 ppm. Subsequently, the difference between the apparent turnover rates of the hydrogen and oxygen of body water is assessed from blood-, saliva-, or urine samples, collected at the start and end of the observation interval of 1–3 weeks. Samples are analyzed for 18O and 2H with isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The doubly labelled water method is the indicated method to measure energy expenditure in any environment, especially with regard to activity energy expenditure, without interference with the behavior of the subjects. Applications include the assessment of energy requirement from total energy expenditure, validation of dietary assessment methods and validation of physical activity assessment methods with doubly labelled water measured energy expenditure as reference, and studies on body mass regulation with energy expenditure as a determinant of energy balance.
Effects of aeration on metabolic profiles ofMortierella alpinaduring the production of arachidonic acid
Authors: Zhang Xin , Jiang Ling , Zhu Li-Ying , Shen Qin-Ke , Ji Xiao-Jun , Huang He , Zhang Hong-Man 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTo investigate the metabolic regulation against oxygen supply, comparative metabolomics was performed to explore the metabolic responses of Mortierella alpina in the process of arachidonic acid (ARA) production. More than 110 metabolites involved in Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway, pentose phosphate pathway, tricarboxylic acid cycle, inositol phosphate metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and amino acid metabolism were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Samples at different aeration rates were clearly distinguished by principal components analysis and partial least squares analysis, indicating that oxygen supply had a profound effect on the metabolism of M. alpina. Eleven major metabolites were identified as potential biomarkers to be primarily responsible for the difference of metabolism. Further study of metabolic changes with the relevant pathways demonstrated that the levels of several intermediate metabolites in relation to central carbon metabolism changed remarkably via both processes and citrate and malate was supposed to play vital roles in polyunsaturated acid (PUFA) synthesis. Increase of myo-inositol and sorbitol were probably for osmo-regulation and redox balance, while enhanced phosphoric acid and pyroglutamic acid were supposed to have function in the activation of signal transduction pathway for stress resistance. The present study provides a novel insight into the metabolic responses of M. alpina to aeration rates and the metabolic characteristics during the ARA fermentation.
Microstructures and Grain Refinement of Additive-Manufactured Ti-xW Alloys
Authors: Mendoza Michael Y. , Samimi Peyman , Brice David A. , Martin Brian W. , Rolchigo Matt R. , LeSar Richard , Collins Peter C. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
It is necessary to better understand the composition–processing–microstructure relationships that exist for materials produced by additive manufacturing. To this end, Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS™), a type of additive manufacturing, was used to produce a compositionally graded titanium binary model alloy system (Ti-xW specimen (0 ≤ x ≤ 30 wt pct), so that relationships could be made between composition, processing, and the prior beta grain size. Importantly, the thermophysical properties of the Ti-xW, specifically its supercooling parameter (P) and growth restriction factor (Q), are such that grain refinement is expected and was observed. The systematic, combinatorial study of this binary system provides an opportunity to assess the mechanisms by which grain refinement occurs in Ti-based alloys in general, and for additive manufacturing in particular. The operating mechanisms that govern the relationship between composition and grain size are interpreted using a model originally developed for aluminum and magnesium alloys and subsequently applied for titanium alloys. The prior beta grain factor observed and the interpretations of their correlations indicate that tungsten is a good grain refiner and such models are valid to explain the grain-refinement process. By extension, other binary elements or higher order alloy systems with similar thermophysical properties should exhibit similar grain refinement.
Surface mass balance, ice velocity and near-surface ice temperature on Qaanaaq Ice Cap, northwestern Greenland, from 2012 to 2016
Authors: Tsutaki Shun , Sugiyama Shin , Sakakibara Daiki , Aoki Teruo , Niwano Masashi 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTTo better understand the processes controlling recent mass loss of peripheral glaciers and ice caps in northwestern Greenland, we measured surface mass balance (SMB), ice velocity and near-surface ice temperature on Qaanaaq Ice Cap in the summers of 2012–16. The measurements were performed along a survey route spanning the terminus of an outlet glacier to the upper reaches (243–968 m a.s.l.). The ice-cap-wide SMB ranged from −1.10 ± 0.29 to −0.13 ± 0.26 m w.e. a−1for the years from 2012/13 to 2015/16. Mass balance showed substantially large fluctuations over the study period under the influence of summer temperature and snow accumulation. Ice velocity showed seasonal speedup only in the summer of 2012, suggesting an extraordinary amount of meltwater penetrated to the bed and enhanced basal ice motion. Ice temperature at a depth of 13 m was −8.0°C at 944 m a.s.l., which was 2.5°C warmer than that at 243 m a.s.l., suggesting that ice temperature in the upper reaches was elevated by refreezing and percolation of meltwater. Our study provided in situ data from a relatively unstudied region in Greenland, and demonstrated the importance of continued monitoring of these processes for longer timespans in the future.