bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using differential reinforcement of a discard response to treat pica
Authors: Slocum Sarah K. , Mehrkam Lindsay R. , Peters Kerri P. , Vollmer Timothy R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPrevious research on the treatment of pica (i.e., the ingestion of inedible objects) is limited compared to research on the treatment of other types of severe problem behavior. This study involved the use of differential reinforcement of alternative behavior, with a discard response as the alternative behavior, to treat pica presented by a 13‐year‐old girl with an autism spectrum disorder. We extended previous research by thinning the schedule of reinforcement for the alternative response. Substantial reductions in pica were obtained. Limitations and future directions in the treatment of pica are discussed.
Assessment of an engineered endothelium via single‐photon emission computed tomography
Authors: Jiang Bin , Wu Yidi , Haney Chad R. , Duan Chongwen , Ameer Guillermo A. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTThe clinical translation of cell‐based therapeutics often requires highly sensitive, non‐invasive imaging tools to assess cell function and distribution in vivo. The objective of this research was to determine whether human Sodium‐Iodide Symporter (hNIS) ectopic expression in endothelial cells (ECs) in combination with single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is a feasible approach to non‐invasively monitor the presence and viability of an engineered endothelium on expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were transduced with pLL3.7‐hNIS via lentivirus with multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0, 2, 5, and 10 (n = 4). Ectopic expression of hNIS in HUVECs via optimized lentiviral transduction (MOI 5) enabled cell uptake of a radioisotope that can be detected by SPECT without affecting endothelial cell viability, oxidative stress, or antithrombogenic functions. The viability and distribution of an engineered endothelium grown on ePTFE coated with the biodegradable elastomer poly(1, 8 octamethylene citrate) (POC) and exposed to fluid flow was successfully monitored non‐invasively by SPECT. We report the feasibility of a non‐invasive, highly sensitive and functional assessment of an engineered endothelium on ePTFE using a combination of SPECT and X‐ray computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging and hNIS ectopic expression in ECs. This technology potentially allows for the non‐invasive assessment of transplanted living cells in vascular conduits. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 2371–2377. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thromboembolic and bleeding complications during oral anticoagulation therapy in cancer patients with atrial fibrillation: a Danish nationwide population‐based cohort study
Authors: Ording Anne G. , Horváth‐Puhó Erzsébet , Adelborg Kasper , Pedersen Lars , Prandoni Paolo , Sørensen Henrik T. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCoexisting cancer in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) has been associated with thromboembolism and bleeding. We used Danish population‐based medical databases to conduct a population‐based cohort study that included all AF patients who redeemed a prescription for vitamin K antagonists (VKA) or non‐VKA oral anticoagulant (NOAC) between July 2004 and December 2013. We characterized these patients according to the presence (N = 11,855) or absence (N = 56,264) of a cancer diagnosis before redemption of their oral anticoagulant prescription, and then examined their 1‐year risk of thromboembolic or bleeding complications or death. We next used Cox regression to compare the hazard ratios for complications among VKA‐ or NOAC‐treated AF patients with versus without a cancer diagnosis, after adjusting for sex, age, and CHA2DS2 VASc score. One‐year risks of thromboembolic complications in AF patients who redeemed a VKA prescription were similar in those with (6.5%) and without (5.8%) cancer [hazard ratio (HR) 1.0 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.93, 1.1)]. This also was found for bleeding complications (5.4% vs. 4.3%, HR 1.1 [95% CI: 1.0, 1.2]). For AF patients with cancer who redeemed a NOAC prescription, risks were also similar for thromboembolic complications (4.9% of cancer patients vs. 5.1% of noncancer patients, HR 0.80 [95% CI: 0.61, 1.1]), and for bleeding complications (4.4% vs. 3.1%, HR 1.2 [95% CI: 0.92, 1.7]). The absolute risks of thromboembolic or bleeding complications were nearly the same in patients with and without cancer who redeemed prescription for VKAs or NOACs.
Changing Parents' Behaviour Using a Psycho‐Educational Film as a Preventative Measure to Reduce the Risk of Non‐accidental Head Injury
Authors: Coster Denise 
Published: May 2017

In 2012, the NSPCC began piloting a psycho‐educational film that was designed to help all expectant and new parents cope with their babies' crying and reduce the incidence of non‐accidental head injuries in infants in the UK. It was hypothesised that having strategies to use when they were struggling with their babies' crying would be one of the key factors in helping parents cope and the film provides parents with examples of coping strategies. A quasi‐experimental evaluation design, namely, comparative surveys followed by propensity score matching, was used to assess if parents who had watched the film had utilised these strategies more than a comparison group of parents who had not. Parents also participated in focus groups to explore their experience of watching the film. The study found that parents who had watched the film in the antenatal period or postnatally after discharge from hospital were significantly more likely to report using a range coping strategies in response to their babies' crying, compared with parents who had not watched the film. Parents who had watched the film in the immediate postnatal period in the first few days after birth, before discharge from hospital, were less likely to use these strategies. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.‘A psycho‐educational film… designed to help… new parents cope with their babies' crying and reduce the incidence of non‐accidental head injuries’Key Practitioner Messages

The psycho‐educational film Coping with Crying is an effective way to give parents strategies to cope when faced with their babies' crying.
The film should be shown in the antenatal or postnatal period, after parents have left hospital but before the baby is six weeks old, to have the greatest impact.
Motion recognition of self and others on realistic 3D avatars
Authors: Narang Sahil , Best Andrew , Feng Andrew , Kang Sin‐hwa , Manocha Dinesh , Shapiro Ari 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCurrent 3D capture and modeling technology can rapidly generate highly photo‐realistic 3D avatars of human subjects. However, while the avatars look like their human counterparts, their movements often do not mimic their own due to existing challenges in accurate motion capture and retargeting. A better understanding of factors that influence the perception of biological motion would be valuable for creating virtual avatars that capture the essence of their human subjects. To investigate these issues, we captured 22 subjects walking in an open space. We then performed a study where participants were asked to identify their own motion in varying visual representations and scenarios. Similarly, participants were asked to identify the motion of familiar individuals. Unlike prior studies that used captured footage with simple “point‐light” displays, we rendered the motion on photo‐realistic 3D virtual avatars of the subject. We found that self‐recognition was significantly higher for virtual avatars than with point‐light representations. Users were more confident of their responses when identifying their motion presented on their virtual avatar. Recognition rates varied considerably between motion types for recognition of others, but not for self‐recognition. Overall, our results are consistent with previous studies that used recorded footage and offer key insights into the perception of motion rendered on virtual avatars.
Diagnostic accuracy of a hybrid approach of instantaneous wave‐free ratio and fractional flow reserve using high‐dose intracoronary adenosine to characterize intermediate coronary lesions: Results of the PALS (Practical Assessment of Lesion Severity) prospective study
Authors: Rivero Fernando , Cuesta Javier , Bastante Teresa , Benedicto Amparo , García‐Guimaraes Marcos , Fuentes‐Ferrer Manuel , Alvarado Teresa , Alfonso Fernando 
Published: May 2017

ObjectivesWe sought to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of instantaneous wave‐free ratio (iFR) and high‐dose intracoronary adenosine fractional flow reserve (IC‐FFR) compared with classical intravenous adenosine fractional flow reserve (IV‐FFR) to assess coronary stenosis severity. The usefulness of two hybrid strategies combining iFR and high‐dose IC‐FFR was also evaluated. Background: Physiological assessment of intermediate coronary stenoses to guide revascularization is currently recommended. Methods: Consecutive real‐world patients with angiographically intermediate coronary stenosis (40–80% diameter stenosis) were prospectively included in the PALS (Practical Assessment of Lesion Severity) study. In every target lesion iFR, high‐dose IC‐FFR and IV‐FFR were systematically measured to assess the accuracy of an hybrid sequential approach combining iFR and IC‐FFR. Results: A total of 106 patients with 121 intermediate coronary lesions were analyzed. Both, iFR and IC‐FFR showed a significant correlation with IV‐FFR (iFR: r = 0.60, 95%CI 0.48–0.70; IC‐FFR: r = 0.88; 95%CI: 0.83–0.92). High‐dose IC‐FFR provided lower FFR values than IV‐FFR (0.81 ± 0.08 vs. 0.82 ± 0.09, P = 0.25). Using a receiver‐operating‐characteristic curve an optimal iFR threshold of 0.91 for the screening test was identified. A sequential test strategy (initial iFR followed by IC‐FFR only in lesions with iFR <0.91) yielded an excellent diagnostic accuracy (96.7%, 95%CI 96.7–99.1%) with a sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predicted values of 100%, 94.7%, 91.8%, and 100%, respectively. A hybrid approach using the previously described iFR gray zone (0.85–0.94) also provided an excellent diagnostic accuracy (95%, 95%CI: 89.5–98.1%). Conclusions: In patients with intermediate coronary lesions a hybrid strategy by using a sequential approach of iFR and high‐dose IC‐FFR, provided a very good diagnostic performance to identify physiologically significant stenoses. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rationale and design of amphilimus sirolimus‐eluting stents versus zotarolimus‐eluting stents in all‐comers requiring percutaneous coronary intervention (ReCre8): A multicenter randomized clinical trial
Authors: Rozemeijer Rik , Stein Mèra , Frambach Peter , Voskuil Michiel , Kraaijeveld Adriaan O. , Rodríguez‐Olivares Ramón , Timmers Leo , Pereira Bruno , Rittersma Saskia Z. , Agostoni Pierfrancesco , Doevendans Pieter A. , Stella Pieter R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundAmphilimus sirolimus‐eluting stents (A‐SES) represent a novel elution technology in the current era of drug‐eluting stents with promising results in patients with diabetes mellitus. At present no large trial has been designed to evaluate clinical outcomes of A‐SES as compared to new‐generation drug‐eluting stents in unselected patients. Accordingly, we designed this trial to evaluate clinical noninferiority of A‐SES as compared with zotarolimus‐eluting stents (ZES) in a real‐world, all‐comers setting.Study designReCre8 is a prospective multicenter randomized clinical trial evaluating the clinical outcomes of A‐SES as compared with ZES in all‐comers requiring percutaneous coronary intervention. Patients are randomized 1:1 to receive either A‐SES or ZES. On‐site block‐randomization is stratified by diabetes mellitus, and troponin status to perform prespecified subanalyses. Patients receive 1‐month of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) when troponin‐negative, or 12‐months of DAPT when troponin‐positive. The primary endpoint is target‐lesion failure at 1‐year follow‐up. A total of 1,532 patients will be enrolled to demonstrate clinical noninferiority of A‐SES with at least 80% power, a noninferiority margin of 3.5% and a type‐I‐error of 0.05.ConclusionsReCre8 (NCT02328898) is the first randomized multicenter trial with a head‐to‐head comparison of A‐SES as compared with ZES to investigate the clinical safety and efficacy of these new‐generation DES in a real‐world, all‐comers population.
A novel imaging technique to evaluate airflow characteristics in the upper airway of an obstructive sleep apnea patient
Authors: Chen Hui , Aarab Ghizlane , Liu Jian‐wei , Yu Yong‐liang , Guo Jing , van der Stelt Paul F. , Lobbezoo Frank 
Published: May 2017

Key Clinical MessageWe report about a novel imaging technique for airflow analysis, particle image velocimetry (PIV), used in a moderate obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patient. By measuring the airflow characteristics in the upper airway at different protrusion positions, the effect of mandibular advancement device (MAD) on OSA was further understood.
Liver hydatid cyst with cutaneous fistulization to the right breast: a case report, management, and literature review
Authors: El Khoury Mansour , El Asmar Antoine , Dib Wissam , Creidi Elie , Yehia Madeleine , Hajj Imad 
Published: May 2017

Key Clinical MessageEchinococcus granulosus is the most common tapeworm causing hydatid disease in humans. Its least‐encountered complication is cutaneous fistulization. Omentoplasty, cyst, and fistulous tract drainage revealed successful in the management of this complication. Such intervention can be an alternative when conservative management fails, and a minimally aggressive procedure is required.
Hydrogenolysis of Glycidol as an Alternative Route to Obtain 1,3‐Propanediol Selectively Using MOx‐Modified Nickel‐Copper Catalysts Supported on Acid Mesoporous Saponite
Authors: Gebretsadik Fiseha B. , Llorca Jordi , Salagre Pilar , Cesteros Yolanda 
Published: May 2017

AbstractNi and Cu mono‐ and bimetallic catalysts modified with various types of acid oxides MOx (M=Mo, V, W, and Re) were tested for the hydrogenolysis of glycidol as an alternative route to the hydrogenolysis of glycerol to obtain 1,3‐propanediol (1,3‐PrD). Characterization results revealed that the presence of modifiers affected the dispersion and reducibility of the NiO particles and the strength and amount of acid sites. Among the modifiers tested, Re led to the highest activity, a high propanediols selectivity, and the highest 1,3‐PrD/1,2‐propanediol (1,2‐PrD) ratio. The Ni‐Cu/Re ratio was optimized to improve the catalytic activity. The best catalytic result, with a 46 % 1,3‐PrD yield and a 1,3‐PrD/1,2‐PrD ratio of 1.24, was obtained if the monometallic Ni catalyst at 40 wt % loading and modified with 7 wt % Re was used at 393 K and 5 MPa H2 pressure after 4 h of reaction. The overall 1,3‐PrD yield starting from glycerol and assuming a two‐step synthesis (glycerol→glycidol→1,3‐PrD) and a yield of 78 % for the first step would be 36 %. This 1,3‐PD yield is the highest for a reaction catalyzed by a non‐noble metal and is comparable to the direct hydrogenolysis of glycerol using noble metal catalysts at a longer time and a high H2 pressure.
αRep A3: A Versatile Artificial Scaffold for Metalloenzyme Design
Authors: Di Meo Thibault , Ghattas Wadih , Herrero Christian , Velours Christophe , Minard Philippe , Mahy Jean‐Pierre , Ricoux Rémy , Urvoas Agathe 
Published: May 2017

AbstractαRep refers to a new family of artificial proteins based on a thermostable α‐helical repeated motif. One of its members, αRep A3, forms a stable homo‐dimer with a wide cleft that is able to accommodate metal complexes and thus appears to be suitable for generating new artificial biocatalysts. Based on the crystal structure of αRep A3, two positions (F119 and Y26) were chosen, and independently changed into cysteine residues. A phenanthroline ligand was covalently attached to the unique cysteine residue of each protein variant, and the corresponding biohybrids were purified and characterized. Once mutated and coupled to phenanthroline, the protein remained folded and dimeric. Copper(II) was specifically bound by the two biohybrids with two different binding modes. Furthermore, the holo‐biohybrid A3F119NPH was found to be capable of enantioselectively catalyzing Diels–Alder (D‐A) cycloadditions with up to 62 % ee. This study validates the choice of the αRep A3 dimer as a protein scaffold and provides a promising new route for the design and production of new enantioselective biohybrids based on entirely artificial proteins obtained from a highly diverse library.
Oral anticoagulation management in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing cardiac implantable electronic device implantation
Authors: Black‐Maier Eric , Kim Sunghee , Steinberg Benjamin A. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Freeman James V. , Kowey Peter R. , Ansell Jack , Gersh Bernard J. , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , Naccarelli Gerald , Hylek Elaine M. , Go Alan S. , Peterson Eric D. , Piccini Jonathan P. ,   for the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (ORBIT‐AF) Investigators
Published: May 2017

BackgroundOral anticoagulation (OAC) therapy is associated with increased periprocedural risks after cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) implantation. Patterns of anticoagulation management involving non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have not been characterized.HypothesisAnticoagulation strategies and outcomes differ by anticoagulant type in patients undergoing CIED implantation.MethodsUsing the nationwide Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation, we assessed how atrial fibrillation (AF) patients undergoing CIED implantation were cared for and their subsequent outcomes. Outcomes were compared by oral anticoagulant therapy (none, warfarin, or NOAC) as well as by anticoagulation interruption status.ResultsAmong 9129 AF patients, 416 (5%) underwent CIED implantation during a median follow‐up of 30 months (interquartile range, 24–36). Of these, 60 (14%) had implantation on a NOAC. Relative to warfarin therapy, those on a NOAC were younger (70.5 years [range, 65–77.5 years] vs 77 years [range, 70–82 years]), had less valvular heart disease (15.0% vs 31.3%), higher creatinine clearance (67.3 [range, 59.7–99.0] vs 65.8 [range, 50.0–91.6]), were more likely to have persistent AF (26.7% vs 22.9%), and use concomitant aspirin (51.7% vs 35.2%). OAC therapy was commonly interrupted for CIED in 64% (n = 183 of 284) of warfarin patients and 65% (n = 39 of 60) of NOAC patients. Many interrupted patients received intravenous bridging anticoagulation: 33/183 (18%) interrupted warfarin and 4/39 (10%) interrupted NOAC patients. Thirty‐day periprocedure bleeding and stroke adverse events were infrequent.ConclusionsManagement of anticoagulation among AF patients undergoing CIED implantation is highly variable, with OAC being interrupted in more than half of both warfarin‐ and NOAC‐treated patients. Bleeding and stroke events were infrequent in both warfarin and NOAC‐treated patients.
Nogo‐B is the major form of Nogo at the floor plate and likely mediates crossing of commissural axons in the mouse spinal cord
Authors: Wang Liqing , Yu Chao , Wang Jun , Leung Peggy , Ma Ding , Zhao Hui , Taylor Jeremy S. H. , Chan Sun‐On 
Published: May 2017

AbstractUsing Nogo antibodies with defined binding specificity, Nogo‐B, but not Nogo‐A, was localized on radial glia in the floor plate of mouse embryos. The presence of Nogo‐B was confirmed in Nogo‐A knockout mice. In explant cultures of embryonic day (E) 11 and E12 spinal cord, blocking of NgR function with antagonist peptide NEP1‐40 reduced the crossing of newly arrived commissural axons, resulting in an accumulation of growth cones in the floor plate. Analysis of growth cone morphology demonstrated an increase in size of growth cones in the floor plate after peptide treatment, which was not detected in axons growing toward the midline. In knockout embryos, midline crossing was not affected by absence of Nogo‐A. In co‐culture experiments using collagen gel, floor plate showed a strong inhibitory effect on the extension of post‐commissural neurites from the spinal cord. This effect was abolished by NEP1‐40, and was observed neither in pre‐commissural neurites, nor in post‐commissural neurites grown with floor plate derived from Nogo‐A knockout embryo. Furthermore, western blot analysis of conditioned medium from floor plates showed a truncated form of Nogo with molecular weight of 37 kDa, which could mediate the diffusible effect to axon growth. We conclude that Nogo‐B is expressed in the floor plate of mouse embryo, which probably mediates axon crossing in the spinal cord by repelling axons out of the midline when they start upregulate NgR. Nogo acts on axon growth not only through a contact‐mediated mechanism, but also through a diffusible mechanism.
Multiple roles of color information in the perception of icon‐type images
Authors: Hsieh Tsuei‐Ju (Tracy) 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDespite the ubiquity of icons in computing and mobile devices, the role of color in icon‐based interface design has yet to be fully elucidated. This study began by conducting a card sorting experiment to determine the importance of color in the perception of commercial icons, as opposed to the simpler icons typically used in a laboratory setting. The study also sought to ascertain the importance of color when considered alongside other visual attributes in the general perception of icons. Participants were then asked to answer preset questions as a means of determining the relationship between the known color properties (e.g., hue, saturation, and brightness) of icons and their functional meaning, effectiveness in conveying meaning, and visual attractiveness. Finally, the speed and accuracy was assessed by which participants recognized well‐known icons rendered using familiar and unfamiliar colors. The empirical results identified color as an important attribute in the process of sorting icons, far exceeding other visual attributes including shape, complexity, pictorial style, and orientation. Nonetheless, it appears that color is not necessarily dominant in the initial stages of sorting. The results also revealed that color is closely related to visual attractiveness but largely irrelevant to effectiveness in the conveyance of meaning. The study also confirmed that correct color information is crucial to naming accuracy and the speed at which icons are recognized. Finally, the results indicate that icons lacking a unique symbol as a cue to recognition rely heavily on their signature color for identification. This study opens up several avenues of research by which to enhance our understanding of the functional role of color in icon perception.
Experimental Polymer Mechanochemistry and its Interpretational Frameworks
Authors: Akbulatov Sergey , Boulatov Roman 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the group of Roman Boulatov at the University of Liverpool. The image attempts to conceptualize the capacity of large‐scale mechanical loads to affect chemical reactivity that underlies the field of mechanochemistry. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cphc.201601354.