bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive identification of polyphenolic metabolites in aspen knotwood by combination of 2D NMR and HPLC‐HRMS
Authors: Faleva Anna V. , Falev Danil I. , Onuchina Aleksandra A. , Ulyanovskii Nikolay V. , Kosyakov Dmitry S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionEuropean aspen (Populus tremula L.) knotwood contains large amounts of polyphenolic metabolites, mainly flavonoids, and can be considered as a promising industrial‐scale source of valuable bioactive compounds. Valorization of knotwood extractives requires detailed information on their chemical composition and a relevant analytical methodology.ObjectiveThis study proposes combined analytical strategy for non‐targeted screening and identification of polyphenolic plant metabolites and is aimed at comprehensive characterization of knotwood extractives.Materials and methodsAspen knotwood acetone extract with determined antioxidant activity was an object of the study. Two‐dimensional NMR spectroscopy with Structure Elucidator expert system was used for preliminary search of major components and specific structures. Liquid chromatography–high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC‐HRMS) with data‐dependent MS/MS spectra acquisition was used as a complementary technique providing molecular‐level characterization and identification of the detected metabolites.ResultsTwenty‐eight phenolic metabolites were found and identified. Among them, flavonoids, aromadendrin and naringenin, as well as their glycosylated derivatives (mainly O‐glucosides) and methyl ethers, dominated. Taxifolin and its 7‐O‐glucoside were detected as minor components. Other detected compounds are represented by p‐coumaric acid and its rutinoside and small amounts of glycosylated ferulic acid. Nineteen of the detected compounds were discovered in aspen knotwood for the first time. The results were confirmed by preparative isolation of individual compounds and NMR studies.ConclusionThe proposed analytical strategy based on 2D NMR and HPLC‐HRMS can be considered a powerful tool in the analysis of plant extractives and allowed for the identification and semi‐quantification of a large number of polyphenols in aspen knotwood.
One‐Step Aerosol Synthesis of Thiocyanate Passivated Hybrid Perovskite Microcrystals: Impact of (Pseudo‐)Halide Additives on Crystallization and Access to a Novel Binary Model
Authors: Bahnmüller Ulrich J. , Krysiak Yaşar , Seewald Tobias , Yalçinkaya Yenal , Pluta Denis , Schmidt‐Mende Lukas , Weber Stefan A. L. , Polarz Sebastian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHybrid Perovskite materials have gone through an astonishing development due to their unique optoelectronic behavior, leading to the creation of a wide range of synthetic strategies. As the materials’ surface is found to play a crucial role with respect to the properties, e.g. hydration, stability and carrier mobilities, considerable efforts have been made to optimize the surface through various approaches. Especially the passivation of the perovskite surface attracted a lot of attention in this field, often resulting in more complex, multi‐step synthetic processes. In this study, a simple one‐step aerosol‐assisted synthetic approach is presented to obtain thiocyanate (SCN) passivated single‐crystal MAPbBr3 microcrystals. To elucidate the role of the additive in the crystallization process, mixed (pseudo‐)halide precursors are systematically investigated. The as processed, passivated microcrystals exhibit enhanced stability and charge carrier lifetimes. Additionally, a decrease in surface photovoltage, attributed to the presence of the SCN additive, is observed. Furthermore, the aerosol process is further developed resulting in a novel binary system containing MAPbBr3‐SCN perovskite microcrystals and Au nanostructures. This system serves as a promising model for further investigations into potential interactions between plasmonic and semiconducting materials, with initial results indicating prolonged charge carrier lifetimes.
Thonningianin A from Penthorum chinense Pursh as a targeted inhibitor of Alzheimer's disease‐related β‐amyloid and Tau proteins
Authors: Yu Lu , Wang Huimiao , Yao Qianfang , Li Keru , Qu Liqun , Tang Bin , Zeng Wu , Qiao Gan , Tang Yong , Hu Guishan , Hu Guangqiang , Wong Vincent Kam‐Wai , Wang Qiong , Qin Dalian , Wu Jianming , Zhou Xiaogang , Sun Xiaolei , Law Betty Yuen‐Kwan , Wu Anguo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by complex pathogenesis mechanisms. Among these, β‐amyloid plaques and hyperphosphorylated Tau protein tangles have been identified as significant contributors to neuronal damage. This study investigates thonningianin A (TA) from Penthorum chinense Pursh (PCP) as a potential inhibitor targeting these pivotal proteins in AD progression. The inhibitory potential of PCP and TA on Aβ fibrillization was initially investigated. Subsequently, ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry and biolayer interferometry were employed to determine TA's affinity for both Aβ and Tau. The inhibitory effects of TA on the levels and cytotoxicity of AD‐related proteins were then assessed. In 3xTg‐AD mice, the therapeutic potential of TA was evaluated. Additionally, the molecular interactions between TA and either Aβ or Tau were explored using molecular docking. We found that PCP‐total ethanol extract and TA significantly inhibited Aβ fibrillization. Additionally, TA demonstrated strong affinity to Aβ and Tau, reduced levels of amyloid precursor protein and Tau, and alleviated mitochondrial distress in PC‐12 cells. In 3xTg‐AD mice, TA improved cognition, reduced Aβ and Tau pathology, and strengthened neurons. Moreover, molecular analyses revealed efficient binding of TA to Aβ and Tau. In conclusion, TA, derived from PCP, shows significant neuroprotection against AD proteins, highlighting its potential as an anti‐AD drug candidate.
Qualitative and quantitative characterization of elastin‐like polypeptides combining low‐PH/low‐temperature bottom‐up and intact protein liquid chromatography mass spectrometric analysis
Authors: Vente André , Mladic Marija , Schouten Olaf , Thies Jens , van der Hoeven Rob 
Published: September 2024

RationaleElastin‐like polypeptides (ELPs) are elastic and thermoresponsive biopolymers composed of VPGXG repeats (X can be any amino acid except proline), used in biomedical applications, for example, tissue engineering and drug delivery. As different variants of ELP are mostly produced fermentatively, there is a need for the development of analysis methods that allow for absolute protein quantification in both complex matrices and purified samples and MW determination of the final products.MethodsELPs were intracellularly expressed in Escherichia coli quantified after cell lysis and enzymatic digestion using a proline‐specific protease ProAlanase (Promega) at acidic conditions. Resulting peptides were separated by liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry analysis was conducted by electrospray ionization high‐resolution mass spectrometry using an Orbitrap mass spectrometer. The addition of a stable isotopically labeled internal standard enabled quantification in complex matrices. Prior to intact mass analysis, ELPs were purified from fermentation broth by inverse temperature cycling. Intact protein analysis was performed using reversed‐phase liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry analysis was conducted by electrospray ionization high‐resolution mass spectrometry using a time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer.ResultsAbsolute quantification of ELPs was achieved by utilizing ELP‐specific properties, that is, proline‐rich, soluble at low pH and low temperature. The repetitive nature of ELPs allows for sensitivity increase and use of higher dilution factors to minimize the matrix effects. Despite the lack of amino acids with charged side chains (Arg, His, Lys, Asp, and Glu) in ELP, we demonstrated successful intact protein analysis using reversed‐phase LC coupled to electrospray ionization TOF MS. Moreover, truncated protein forms could be chromatographically separated and characterized as well as N‐terminal modifications.ConclusionsBoth methods combined enabled quantitative and qualitative characterization of fermentatively produced ELPs.
Modern plants and sulfur isoscapes — A review, discussion, and construction of a pilot δ34S isoscape for mobility and provenance studies
Authors: Tarrant Damon , Richards Michael P. 
Published: September 2024

RATIONALESulfur isotopes are increasingly used as mobility indicators in humans and animals in biology, archaeology, and forensics. However, there has been a lack of modern sulfur isotope baseline “isoscape” studies using modern plants and animals, largely due to the possibility of contamination of the S isotope values by modern pollution.METHODSWe collected plants from across a 900‐km east–west transect of British Columbia Canada and measured their sulfur isotope values. We then used a random forest model to determine which variables best explained the isotope data patterning and produced a sulfur isoscape for the southern region of British Columbia.RESULTSWe see clear patterning in the plant sulfur isotope values that relate to geographical location and rainfall. Our model also shows that for this study area, it is unlikely that there is a significant influence of anthropogenic pollution on plant δ34S values. We also discuss the use of plants as a substrate for sulfur isoscapes and possible explanations for the often‐observed difference between plant and animal δ34S values from the same region, related to differing sources of sulfur in plants compared to amino acids in human and animal tissues.CONCLUSIONSWe found that for areas of the world where sulfur pollution is likely less widespread, it is possible to produce a modern plant S isoscape that should be an accurate baseline for mobility studies. Using random forest modelling, we have produced a baseline sulfur isoscape map of southern British Columbia that can be used for ecology, forensic and archaeological studies.
Scalable exact output synchronization of discrete‐time multi‐agent systems in the presence of disturbances and measurement noise with known frequencies
Authors: Liu Zhenwei , Zhang Meirong , Saberi Ali , Stoorvogel Anton A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article aims to achieve scalable exact output and regulated output synchronization for discrete‐time multi‐agent systems in presence of disturbances and measurement noise with known frequencies. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous multi‐agent systems are considered, with parts of agents' states accessible in the latter case. The key contribution of this article is to establish scalable exact synchronization results under disturbances and measurement noise, which is achieved by using distributed protocols that only use information about agent models and no information about the communication network or the number of agents. The validity of the protocol is verified by numerical simulations with arbitrarily chosen number of agents.
Distributed bipartite time‐varying formation tracking control with prescribed‐time convergence for heterogeneous Euler‐Lagrange systems
Authors: Zhong Huimin , Han Tao , Xiao Bo , Zhan Xi‐Sheng , Yan Huaicheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper focuses on the study of the prescribed‐time bipartite time‐varying formation tracking (BTVFT) problem for multiple heterogeneous Euler‐Lagrange systems (HELSs) with external disturbances under directed signed graphs. Considering the fact that the states of leader cannot be accurately obtained, a set of observers which can estimate the states of the leader within a prescribed time, is firstly established according to the time‐varying function. Subsequently, a prescribed‐time distributed control protocol is proposed by employing a terminal sliding surface, aiming to achieve the BTVFT under digraphs within a prescribed time. The theoretical proof utilizes suitable Lyapunov functions to demonstrate that the control law can guide the state trajectories of each follower to the corresponding terminal sliding surface within a predefined time, thus ensuring the solution to the BTVFT problem of HELSs. Finally, simulation results are provided to validate the effectiveness of the derived findings.
To Become an Object Among Objects: Generative Artificial “Intelligence,” Writing, and Linguistic White Supremacy
Authors: de Roock Roberto Santiago 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper critically explores the implications of generative artificial “intelligence” (GAI) technologies for literacy theory and practice through a case study of the author's use of OpenAI's ChatGPT. The study opens with an overview of recent literature surrounding the pedagogical implications of using GAI with a focus on issues of racial justice, outlining an abolitionist political ecology approach to literacy that extends relational theories of mediation to machine‐aided writing. The framework is then applied to data from a cognitive autoethnography of GAI use over a 6‐month period, which included a digital ethnography of ChatGPT and an extended semistructured “interview” with the GAI chatbot. Racial justice issues were found, especially linguistic and other biases. As such, soon‐to‐be ubiquitous artificial intelligence (AI) technologies require profound reconsideration of the productive value of literacy exploited by GAI, which will inevitably be pursued through an acquiescence or fundamental rupture with the dystopian visions of the technology's creators.
Climate finance spillovers and entrepreneurship in developing countries
Authors: Mohan Preeya , Morris Diego 
Published: September 2024

AbstractResearch SummaryWe conduct a multicountry analysis and show that there is a strong and significant positive relationship between climate finance and entrepreneurship, even after controlling for conventional macroeconomic and institutional factors commonly reported in the literature. Specifically, a 10% increase in climate finance is linked with a 2% increase in entrepreneurial activity across most countries. There are important heterogeneities in this nexus as it relates to fossil fuel exporting countries—the main “losers” from a global move away from fossil fuels. We find that although fossil fuel exporting countries exhibit notably faster rates of entrepreneurship growth, the interaction with climate finance in these countries is negatively related to entrepreneurial activity. This finding holds across different types of climate finance—adaptation and mitigation—highlighting its robustness.Managerial SummaryIt is often suggested that more finance will lead to more entrepreneurship. We conduct a multicountry analysis and add nuance to this notion. We find that although there is a strong and significant positive relationship between climate finance and entrepreneurship in most countries, this is not always true for fossil fuel exporting countries. Fossil fuel exporting countries, despite experiencing faster entrepreneurial growth, exhibit a negative interaction between climate finance and entrepreneurship. For managerial practice, these results emphasize the importance of targeted strategies in deploying climate finance. Policymakers and investors should consider nuanced approaches that address the specific economic dependencies and regulatory environments of fossil fuel exporting countries.
Preparation and Properties of Mo/Ti/Sn Conductivity Conversion Coatings on 6063 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Yi Aihua , Liu Min , Li Wenfang , Liu Yuying , Mo Yeping , Huang Zhiquan , Chen Xiaolan 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTConductivity chromium‐free conversion coatings on aluminum substrates were achieved by utilizing Na2SnO3 and Mo/Ti solutions. The composition and morphology of the coatings were characterized using XPS, SEM, EDS, AFM, and Raman spectroscopies. The corrosion behavior of the coatings in 3.5‐wt% NaCl solution was investigated through a dynamic potential polarization method and EIS analysis. Mott–Schottky and UV–Vis analyses were used to determine the semiconductor properties of the coatings, including carrier concentration and band gap. The results revealed that the main components of the coating were Al2O3, SnO2, MoO3, and MoO2 and the coating presented a double‐layer structure, including a transition layer close to the substrate and a compact layer on the surface. The coating also exhibited the properties of a p‐type semiconductor. The electrical contact resistance value of adding Na2SnO3 decreased from 0.4331 to 0.1343 Ω/in2 (in 200 psi), while the band gap decreased from 2.281 to 2.232 eV.
Resveratrol Alleviated T‐2 Toxin‐Induced Liver Injury via Preservation of Nrf2 Pathway and GSH Synthesis
Authors: Jin Hong , He Jun , Wu Min , Wang Xiaohan , Jia Li , Zhang Li , Guo Jiabin 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTT‐2 toxin is a trichothecene mycotoxin and is considered as an extremely inevitable pollutant with potent hepatotoxicity. However, the approach to alleviation of T‐2 toxin‐triggered hepatotoxicity has been recognized as a serious challenge. Resveratrol (Res) is a polyphenol natural product isolated from various plant species, but its protective effect against T‐2 toxin hepatotoxicity and detailed mechanism remains obscure. In the present study, the effect of Res against the hepatotoxicity was evaluated, and the underlying mechanisms were further revealed in mice. Functionally, Res inhibited liver injury, oxidative damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by T‐2 toxin. Mechanistically, Res modulated Nrf2‐mediated antioxidant pathway and glutathione synthesis inhibition. Collectively, our findings first showed beyond doubt that Res ameliorated T‐2 toxin‐triggered liver injury by regulating Nrf2 pathways in mice.
Die sensorgestützte Kartierung von Bodenparametern
Authors: Gebbers Robin , Kramer Eckart 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungDas Kapitel informiert über die praktischen Anforderungen an Sensorsysteme zur Bodenkartierung. Das Hauptaugenmerkt liegt auf den Sensoren zur Erfassung kalkungsrelevanter Bodenparameter. Ergänzend werden grundlegende Merkmale von Sensorsystemen beschrieben, welche zu deren Charakterisierung und Bewertung von Bedeutung sind. This chapter informs about practical requirements to be met by sensor systems when using them for soil mapping. Focus is on sensors for detecting soil parameters relevant for liming. Additionally, fundamental features of sensor systems are introduced, which are relevant for their characterisation and assessment.
Establishing a process route for additive manufacturing of NiCu-based Alloy 400: an alignment of gas atomization, laser powder bed fusion, and design of experiments
Authors: Roth Jan-Philipp , Šulák Ivo , Kruml Tomáš , Polkowski Wojciech , Dudziak Tomasz , Böhlke Peter , Krupp Ulrich , Jahns Katrin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAlloy 400 is a corrosion-resistant, NiCu-based material which is used in numerous industrial applications, especially in marine environments and the high-temperature chemical industry. As conventional manufacturing limits geometrical complexity, additive manufacturing (AM) of the present alloy system promises great potential. For this purpose, a robust process chain, consisting of powder production via gas atomization and a design of experiment (DoE) approach for laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), was developed. With a narrow particle size distribution, powders were found to be spherical, flowable, consistent in chemical composition, and, hence, generally applicable to the LPBF process. Copper segregations at grain boundaries were clearly detected in powders. For printed parts instead, low-intensity micro-segregations at cell walls were discovered, being correlated with the iterative thermal stress applied to solidified melt-pool-near grains during layer-by-layer manufacturing. For the production of nearly defect-free LPBF structures, DoE suggested a single optimum parameter set instead of a broad energy density range. The latter key figure was found to be misleading in terms of part densities, making it an outdated tool in modern, software-based process parameter optimization. On the microscale, printed parts showed an orientation of melt pools along the build direction with a slight crystallographic [101] texture. Micro-dendritic structures were detected on the nanoscale being intersected by a high number of dislocations. Checked against hot-extruded reference material, the LPBF variant performed better in terms of strength while lacking in ductility, being attributed to a finer grain structure and residual porosity, respectively.
Cost share-induced technological change: An analytical classical-evolutionary model
Authors: Kemp-Benedict Eric 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper builds on prior work by the author on cost share-induced technological change. The theoretical model views selection of candidate innovations as a capital budgeting exercise. In this paper it treats the case in which firms target an incremental rate of profit, which introduces a nonzero threshold into a “selection frontier”. This presents analytical challenges, which are resolved in this paper by assuming that the probability distribution of potential increases in productivity among the set of fit innovations is normal. That permits an explicit derivation of a micro-level model of cost share-induced technological change that can be taken as a candidate functional form for an aggregate model. The model is calibrated against historical data for India, China, and the United States, three large continental economies at different levels of per capita GDP. The model is able to fit the data with reasonable fidelity, and the fitted model parameters can be given a reasonable interpretation. The paper further shows that combining cost share-induced technological change with price-setting behavior produces theoretically interesting results.
Extensions of k-regulous functions from two-dimensional varieties
Authors: Banecki Juliusz 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We prove that a k-regulous function defined on a two-dimensional non-singular affine variety can be extended to an ambient variety. Additionally we derive some results concerning sums of squares of k-regulous functions; in particular we show that every positive semi-definite regular function on a non-singular affine variety can be written as a sum of squares of locally Lipschitz regulous functions.