bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Approach for Controlled Pollination in Casuarina equisetifolia
Authors: Zhang Y. , Zhong C. L. , Chen Y. , Jiang Q. B. , Chen Z. , Nie S. , Pinyopusarerk K. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Casuarina equisetifolia is an important tree species in the tropical and subtropical zones of Asia, Africa and the Pacific. There is an increasing interest in producing intra- and inter-specific hybrids of casuarina species. Conventional bagging controlled pollination method yielded very low fruit set and poor seed germination. High temperature and humidity in the pollination bags appeared to have instigated unfavorable conditions for pollination and fertilization mechanism. In this study, a novel approach was developed by conducting pollination in closed chambers which functioned like pollination bags. Fruit set and seed germination rate increased from 7.0% to 89.9%, and 8.1% to 51.8% respectively compared with the conventional bagging controlled pollination method. Based on the results, a controlled pollination glasshouse with 10 separated chambers has been designed to produce multiple hybrid combinations in a single pollination procedure.
Genetic diversity of Picea likiangensis natural population at different altitudes revealed by EST-SSR markers
Authors: Cheng X. , Jiang Y. , Tang T. , Fan G. , Huang Xiaoxia 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAltitude is thought to have greatly influenced current species distribution and their genetic diversity. However, it is unclear how different altitudes have affected the distribution and genetic diversity of Picea likiangensis, a dominant forestry species in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau region (QTP). In this study, we investigated the genetic diversity of Picea likiangensis populations which distributed in different altitudes of QTP using EST-SSR markers. The results suggested that this species has high genetic diversity at species level, with 100% of loci being polymorphic and an average Nei’s gene diversity (He) of 0.7186 and Shannon’s information index (I) of 1.5415. While the genetic diversity of Picea likiangensis at population level was lower than that at species level, with He and I being 0.6562 and 1.3742, respectively. The variation in genetic diversity of all four studied populations indicated a low-high-low pattern along the elevation gradients. The mid-elevation population (3050 m) was more genetically diverse than both low-elevation (2900 m) and high-elevation populations (3200 m and 3350 m). Nei’s genetic diversity (Fst= 0.0809) and AMOVA analysis (Phist = 0.1135) indicated that a low level of genetic differentiation among populations. Gene flow among populations was 2.8384, suggesting that high gene flow is a main factor leading to high levels of the genetic diversity among populations.
Cytogenetic polymorphism of english oak (Quercus robur L.) seedlings from areas with different levels of anthropogenic pollution
Authors: Kalaev V. N. , Popova A. A. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Cytogenetic polymorphism of English oak seedlings from areas with different levels of anthropogenic pollution was studied. In each studied area, groups of seedlings with low, intermediate, and high level of mutations have been identified. Mutable groups were characterised by a high level of mitotic pathologies, broad spectrum of such pathologies (e.g., chromosome agglutination, asymmetric and tripolar mitoses). Impact of trees location near the freeway leads to variability increase of cytogenetic properties and domination of intermediate-mutable groups of seedlings.
Identification of SNPs in candidate genes potentially involved in bud burst in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)
Authors: Müller Markus , Seifert S. , Finkeldey R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractEuropean beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is one of the most important deciduous tree species in Central Europe. Higher annual mean temperatures caused by climate change lead to earlier bud burst in spring and/or a delay of leaf senescence in autumn. Since earlier bud burst might increase the late frost risk, adaptive traits like bud burst may gain more importance in the future. Nevertheless, knowledge of the genetic background of leaf unfolding is still scarce for European beech. In the present study, we analyzed parts of ten different candidate genes for bud burst with a total length of 12,290 bp. Comparative sequencing with plant material of 12 different beech populations distributed over Germany revealed 116 SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) and 20 indels. A subset of 46 SNPs was successfully used for genotyping of 100 offspring of a beech population in Germany confirming the suitability of the newly developed SNP set for population genetic studies. The provided data may be useful for further investigations of adaptation in F. sylvatica.
Use of genetic markers to build a new generation of Eucalyptus pilularis breeding population
Authors: Silva Paulo H. M. Da , Shepherd M. , Grattapaglia D. , Sebbenn A. M. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Tree improvement generally proceeds by incremental gains obtained from recurrent selection in large diverse populations but is slow due to long generation times and delay till trees reach assessment age. This places a premium upon extracting data from historic introductions used to found landraces when reinstating modern breeding programs. The value of such resources, however, may be degraded due to a lack of records on germplasm origins, pedigrees and early performance, but DNA technology may help recoup some of this value. Eucalyptus pilularis (subgenus Eucalyptus) is regarded as a premier hardwood plantation species for saw log and poles in Australia, but has not been used extensively despite early introductions and testing in many countries overseas. Here we use DNA fingerprinting to assess genetic diversity and inbreeding in historic introductions of E. pilularis to evaluate this resource in advance of a reinvigorated breeding effort for this species in Brazil. As expected, based on the available documentation for the introductions, genetic diversity relative to Australian reference populations does not appear to be compromised, and there was unlikely to be excessive inbreeding. Also, favorable, was the likelihood that further selections should not unduly increase the relationship in the next generation. Interestingly, we note the importance of testing widely adapted sources of germplasm when making introductions, as provenances which performed poorly in tests on productive sites in Australia, may have value when matched with lower fertility sites overseas.
La mediación y la capacidad necesaria para conocer el trabajo llevado a cabo por el mediador
Authors: Polo Maria 
Published: June 2017

<div id="gt-res-dir-ctr" class="trans-verified-button-small" dir="ltr"><span id="result_box" lang="es"><span>El</span> <span>informe de</span> <span>la mediación</span> <span>no está configurado</span> <span>-</span> <span>y por lo tanto</span> <span>no tiene derecho a</span> <span>una comisión</span> <span>-</span><span> si las partes</span><span>, mientras que</span> <span>después de haber</span> <span>concluido</span> <span>el acuerdo con</span> <span>la actividad de</span> <span>mediador,</span> <span>no han estado en posibilidad de </span><span>conocer</span> <span>y evaluar</span> <span>la actividad</span> <span>de este último</span><span>.</span> <span>Esto sucede</span><span>,</span><span> en el</span> <span>caso en el que</span> <span>el mediador</span><span>, con su</span> <span>comportamiento</span> <span>en partes</span> <span>engendra</span> <span>una falsa</span><br /><span>representación de</span> <span>la calidad</span> <span>con la que</span> <span>participa en</span> <span>las</span> <span>negociaciones</span> <span>relativas a la</span><br /><span>parte del trato</span><span>.</span> </span></div>
INSTRUMENTOS INTERNACIONALES DE COOPERACIÒN JUDICIAL EN MATERIA PENAL, EN LA LUCHA CONTRA LOS PRINCIPALES AGENTES DE CRIMINALIDAD EN EL DERECHO COLOMBIANO.
Authors: Sandoval Mesa Jaime 
Published: June 2017

En el escenario de colombia, la cooperación judicial en materia penal ha sido una necesidad imperante en virtud de fenómenos de macrocriminalidad polìtica y de criminalidad transnacional de indudable connotaciòn internacional. El fenòmeno ha sido identificado en particular en dos corrientes que se manifiestan tanto en el conflicto armado colombiano de más de 4 décadas de ocurrencia, así como en su relación con los carteles de la droga de aproximadamente 3 décadas de su aparición. En este contexto las medidas judiciales en particular, la asistencia recìproca y la extradiciòn han sido una de las bases para combatir este tipo de delincuencia de gran impacto internacional a partir de la adopción de todas las convenciones e instrumentos adoptados por la comunidad de naciones, para combatir esta clase de fenómenos criminales. En último término las consecuencias actuales reflejan un Estado que pone a consideración a su jurisdicciòn, frente a la comunidad internacional, permitiendo la flexibilidad interna de sus principios en la bùsqueda de soluciones eficaces al respecto, sin perjuicio de que al final su autonomía sea seriamente cuestionada y sin que el problema tenga una final solución.
A Short History and Description of Drosophila melanogaster Classical Genetics: Chromosome Aberrations, Forward Genetic Screens, and the Nature of Mutations
Authors: Kaufman Thomas C 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The purpose of this chapter in FlyBook is to acquaint the reader with the Drosophila genome and the ways in which it can be altered by mutation. Much of what follows will be familiar to the experienced Fly Pusher but hopefully will be useful to those just entering the field and are thus unfamiliar with the genome, the history of how it has been and can be altered, and the consequences of those alterations. I will begin with the structure, content, and organization of the genome, followed by the kinds of structural alterations (karyotypic aberrations), how they affect the behavior of chromosomes in meiotic cell division, and how that behavior can be used. Finally, screens for mutations as they have been performed will be discussed. There are several excellent sources of detailed information on Drosophila husbandry and screening that are recommended for those interested in further expanding their familiarity with Drosophila as a research tool and model organism. These are a book by Ralph Greenspan and a review article by John Roote and Andreas Prokop, which should be required reading for any new student entering a fly lab for the first time.
Definition and Classification of Heart Failure
Authors: Lainscak Mitja , Spoletini Ilaria , Coats Andrew 
Published: June 2017

<p>A review of the definition and classification of heart failure, updated since the recent 2016 European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Heart failure is defined by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) as a clinical syndrome characterised by symptoms such as shortness of breath, persistent coughing or wheezing, ankle swelling and fatigue, that may be accompanied by the following signs: jugular venous pressure, pulmonary crackles, increased heart rate and peripheral oedema. However, these signs may not be present in the early stages and in patients treated with diuretics. When apparent, they are due to a structural and/or functional cardiac abnormality, leading to systolic and/or diastolic ventricular dysfunction, resulting in a reduced cardiac output and/or elevated intra- cardiac pressures at rest or during stress. According to the most recent ESC guidelines the initial evaluation of patients with suspected heart failure should include a clinical history and physical examination, laboratory assessment, chest radiography, and electrocardiography. Echocardiography can confirm the diagnosis. Beyond detecting myocardial abnormality, other impairments such as abnormalities of the valves, pericardium, endocardium, heart rhythm, and conduction may be found. The identification of the underlying aetiology is pivotal for the diagnosis of heart failure and its treatment. The authors review the definitions and classifications of heart failure.</p><p> </p>
Clinical Diagnosis In Heart Failure
Authors: Spoletini Ilaria , Vitale Cristiana 
Published: June 2017

A contemporary review of the diagnosis of heart failure as part of a special heart failure issue. The 2016 ESC heart failure guidelines have provided updated evidence-based recommendations for the clinical diagnosis of heart failure. This article summarises the diagnostic process in the case of a patient presenting with acute dyspnoea and suspected acute heart failure, and summarises the diagnostic elements that should be assessed in a patient with non-acute onset. The role of clinical and laboratory testing is discussed.
Medical Treatment of Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction – Improving Clinical Status and Functional Capacity
Authors: Vitale Cristiana , Rosano Giuseppe 
Published: June 2017

A contemporary review of treatments that have been shown to improve functional capacity in patients with Heart Failure and reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF). The improvement of functional capacity is one of the main goals of treatment in patients with HFrEF. In the past, despite significant effects on exercise capacity some drugs (e.g. ibopamine, flosequinan) have shown detrimental effects on long- term outcomes in patients with HFrEF. It is perhaps notable that both of these drugs had shown signals of increased safety concerns during the earlier clinical phases of their development. The challenge is to encourage a timely identification of effective treatments that can enhance functional performance in HF without the more difficult and more expensive path to prove all drugs also reduce mortality. It is valuable to have approved and effective treatments that can do the first without the need for the second in all cases, provided adequate safety can be assured. Ivabradine, trimetazidine, ferric carboxymaltose and diuretics have consistently shown to improve functional capacity and symptoms in patients with HFrEF because of their effect on long term prognosis these drugs should always be considered in patients with heart failure. Diuretics improve functional capacity and should be prescribed in patients with signs and symptoms of congestions. Cardiac resynchronisation therapy improves functional capacity in patients with HFrEF in whom it is appropriately applied (QRS &gt;130/150 msec according to morphology).
The Management of Co-Morbidities in Patients with Heart Failure - Iron Deficiency
Authors: Von Haehling Stephan , Jankowska Ewa , Anker Stefan D 
Published: June 2017

Co-morbidities have been recognised as playing a crucial role in the progress of the older patient with HF in particular. The 2016 ESC/HFA HF guidelines stress the signiﬁcance of co-morbidities more than any previous guidelines have. Iron deﬁciency is a co-morbidity, that has received very little attention until the last decade, as evidence has accumulated both for the signiﬁcance of this co-morbidity and the emergence of safe effective therapies that appear to offer signiﬁcant beneﬁts to the HF population who suffer this co-morbidity.
Management of Arrhythmias in Heart Failure
Authors: Spoletini Ilaria , Coats Andrew 
Published: June 2017

Patients with heart failure (HF) often develop ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias, due in large part to electrical conduction abnormalities of the heart in this syndrome. Cardiac remodeling and neurohumoral activation typical of HF create a substrate that increases the risk of developing arrhythmias and/or worsening pre- existing arrhythmias. Advances in our understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of HF have reinforced the importance of neurohumoral, mechanical and inflammatory processes as progressively more severe pump dysfunction occurs. This combination increases the likelihood of arrhythmias, both atrial and ventricular, such that ventricular arrhythmias are found in up to 80% of patients with severe HF, conferring additional risk of mortality and morbidity, in particular via an increased risk of sudden cardiac death. Arrhythmias are also responsible for an increased risk of rehospitalisation in one-third of HF patients. The high risk of arrhythmias should always be considered during the clinical management of all HF patients, due their association with worse prognosis and increased mortality. In particular, HF and atrial fibrillation mutually worsen the impact of each other. Treatment of atrial fibrillation in the setting of HF includes a variety of approaches such as drugs, devices and ablation. Restoration of sinus rhythm is not superior to optimal rate control, and the deleterious effects of antiarrhythmic drugs should be considered. Finally, cardiac function, symptoms, and quality of life may improve with catheter-based ablative therapies in appropriately selected patients with HF.
Other Devices for Heart Failure – Cardiac Contractility Modulation (CCM)
Authors: Coats Andrew 
Published: June 2017

Substantial advances in the medical treatment of HFrEF have improved survival and cardiac function in these patients. However despite the use of optimal medical therapy (OMT) and the use of recommended devices in those in whom they are indicated, persistent symptoms limit activity and adversely affect lifestyle in a substantial number of patients. For these patients newer devices other than ICD and CRT may offer an improvement in symptoms and/or survival. This paper reviews the evidence for the use of CCM and discusses in which patients it may be considered as recommended in the recent guidelines. CCM is an established treatment in the management of moderate to severely symptomatic heart failure with reduced EF and normal QRS duration. CCM impulse delivery is associated with acute improvements in cardiac contractility. Chronic changes include reversion from fetal to adult gene expression profiles in the heart, improved calcium handling, restorative ventricular remodeling, and improved cardiac function. The recent 2016 ESC/HFA guidelines for the management of heart failure considered that most of these newer devices had insufficient clinical trial data for a formal recommendation, but in the case of one, cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) the guidelines describe CCM as being something to be considered in selected patients with HF. This is based on a demonstrated improvement in exercise tolerance (peak VO2) and quality of life (by Minnesota LWHF questionnaire, MLWHFQ) produced by CCM in an individual patient data meta- analysis of all the randomised controlled trials of CCM.
The Potential of Devices for HFpEF
Authors: Coats Andrew , Anker Stefan 
Published: June 2017

The 2016 ESC/HFA HF guidelines list the very many drug and device therapies that are proven to be beneficial in terms of life prolongation and hospitalisation prevention for HFrEF. The list of recommended therapies or devices for HFpEF and HFmrEF is limited to diuretics and the management of comorbidities and so far there is no clinical evidence for an electrical or mechanical device for HFpEF. The Cardiac Contractility Modulation (CCM) device that may have a role in selected HFrEF and HFmrEF patients has been reviewed in another paper in this issue but here we survey the results so far of a novel device for patients with HFpEF. Despite lagging many years behind HFrEF, HFpEF patients are now being targeted with novel devices with the potential to improve symptoms, improve quality of life, reduce hospitalization and delay progression of the syndrome. The front-runner is a novel inter-atrial left atrial pressure decompression device the Corvia IASD, which currently enrolling patients in a randomized trial. This device is a CE-marked investigational, non- surgical transcatheter implant designed to provide continuous and dynamic decompression of the left atrium, in an effort to reduce symptoms, HF hospitalizations, and improve quality of life as well as potentially slowing the progression of HFpEF.
The Management of Heart Failure in Kidney and Urinary Tract Syndromes
Authors: Lopatin Yuri , Coats Andrew JS 
Published: June 2017

Kidney dysfunction and other related abnormalities are extremely common in all HF syndromes, both because of the similarity of risk factors and the similarity of demography of the two types of patients but also because of the common renal effects of agents used for the treatment of HF. Important renal syndromes for the HF patient include including chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, cardio-renal syndrome, and prostatic obstruction. In HF (all types including HFrEF, HFmrEF and especially HFpEF) chronic kidney disease (CKD) frequently co-exists and almost as frequently complicates the HF management. The two groups of syndromes share many risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia) and often interact to worsen the prognosis of each other in a way that makes the patient with combined HF and renal disease at extremely high risk. This article reviews this common co-morbidity and how to manage it.
The Management of Co-Morbidities in Patients with Heart Failure – Obstructive Sleep Apnoea
Authors: Coats Andrew 
Published: June 2017

Heart failure (HF) patients are older and frequently present with multiple co-morbidities. Co- morbidities worsen patient symptoms and may contribute to the progression of heart failure, increase mortality or limit the therapeutic response to treatment. Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) affects 2–4% of the adult population world-wide and is associated with similar risk factors to HF, meaning it is a frequent finding in HF patients, including HFrEF, HFmrEF and HFpEF. OSA has consistently been shown to be associated with hypertension, coronary artery disease, arrhythmias, heart failure, and stroke. A thorough understanding of the diagnosis and treatment options of OSA is of paramount importance to the practising HF clinician. Patients may present to the HF specialist having been diagnosed by a formal sleep study or may be suspected of OSA because of symptoms of snoring, reports of obstructed breathing by the sleep partner or day-time sleepiness. The mainstay of treatment for OSA is a positive airway pressure mask which can be used in mild moderate and severe OSA. The need for therapy should be discussed with the patient and if the AHI is above 15/hr then treatment is indicated to reduce this to below 15. This is a consensus recommendation and no adequately powered clinical trials have shown this improves either mortality or the risk of disease progression. Other options are discussed