bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compositional Imprints in Density–Distance–Time: A Rocky Composition for Close-in Low-mass Exoplanets from the Location of the Valley of Evaporation
Authors: Jin Sheng , Mordasini Christoph 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
We use an end-to-end model of planet formation, thermodynamic evolution, and atmospheric escape to investigate how the statistical imprints of evaporation depend on the bulk composition of planetary cores (rocky versus icy). We find that the population-wide imprints like the location of the “evaporation valley” in the distance–radius plane and the corresponding bimodal radius distribution clearly differ depending on the bulk composition of the cores. Comparison with the observed position of the valley suggests that close-in low-mass Kepler planets have a predominantly Earth-like rocky composition. Combined with the excess of period ratios outside of MMR, this suggests that low-mass Kepler planets formed inside of the water iceline but were still undergoing orbital migration. The core radius becomes visible for planets losing all primordial H/He. For planets in this “triangle of evaporation” in the distance–radius plane, the degeneracy in composition is reduced. In the observed planetary mass–mean density diagram, we identify a trend to more volatile-rich compositions with an increasing radius (R/R
⊕ ≲ 1.6 rocky; 1.6–3.0 ices, and/or H/He; ≳3: H/He). The mass–density diagram contains important information about formation and evolution. Its characteristic broken V-shape reveals the transitions from solid planets to low-mass core-dominated planets with H/He and finally to gas-dominated giants. Evaporation causes the density and orbital distance to be anticorrelated for low-mass planets in contrast to giants, where closer-in planets are less dense, likely due to inflation. The temporal evolution of the statistical properties reported here will be of interest for the PLATO 2.0 mission, which will observe the temporal dimension.
The Core Mass Function in the Massive Protocluster G286.21+0.17 Revealed by ALMA
Authors: Cheng Yu , Tan Jonathan C. , Liu Mengyao , Kong Shuo , Lim Wanggi , Andersen Morten , Rio Nicola Da 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
We study the core mass function (CMF) of the massive protocluster G286.21+0.17 with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array via 1.3 mm continuum emission at a resolution of 1.″0 (2500 au). We have mapped a field of 5.′3 × 5.′3 centered on the protocluster clump. We measure the CMF in the central region, exploring various core detection algorithms, which give source numbers ranging from 60 to 125, depending on parameter selection. We estimate completeness corrections due to imperfect flux recovery and core identification via artificial core insertion experiments. For masses M ≳ 1 M
⊙, the fiducial dendrogram-identified CMF can be fit with a power law of the form dN/dlog M ∝ M
−α
with α ≃ 1.24 ± 0.17, slightly shallower than, but still consistent with, the index of the Salpeter stellar initial mass function of 1.35. Clumpfind-identified CMFs are significantly shallower with α ≃ 0.64 ± 0.13. While raw CMFs show a peak near 1 M
⊙, completeness-corrected CMFs are consistent with a single power law extending down to ∼0.5 M
⊙, with only a tentative indication of a shallowing of the slope around ∼1 M
⊙. We discuss the implications of these results for star and star cluster formation theories.
The BOSS Emission-line Lens Survey. V. Morphology and Substructure of Lensed Lyα Emitters at Redshift Z ≈ 2.5 in the BELLS GALLERY
Authors: Cornachione Matthew A. , Bolton Adam S. , Shu Yiping , Zheng Zheng , Montero-Dorta Antonio D. , Brownstein Joel R. , Oguri Masamune , Kochanek Christopher S. , Mao Shude , Pèrez-Fournon Ismael , Marques-Chaves Rui , Mènard Brice 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
We present a morphological study of the 17 lensed Lyα emitter (LAE) galaxies of the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey Emission-Line Lens Survey (BELLS) for the GALaxy-Lyα EmitteR sYstems (BELLS GALLERY) sample. This analysis combines the magnification effect of strong galaxy–galaxy lensing with the high resolution of the Hubble Space Telescope to achieve a physical resolution of ∼80 pc for this 2 < z < 3 LAE sample, allowing a detailed characterization of the LAE rest-frame ultraviolet continuum surface brightness profiles and substructure. We use lens-model reconstructions of the LAEs to identify and model individual clumps, which we subsequently use to constrain the parameters of a generative statistical model of the LAE population. Since the BELLS GALLERY sample is selected primarily on the basis of Lyα emission, the LAEs that we study here are likely to be directly comparable to those selected in wide-field, narrowband LAE surveys, in contrast with the lensed LAEs identified in cluster-lensing fields. We find an LAE clumpiness fraction of approximately 88%, which is significantly higher than that found in previous (non-lensing) studies. We find a well-resolved characteristic clump half-light radii of ∼350 pc, a scale comparable to the largest H ii regions seen in the local universe. This statistical characterization of LAE surface-brightness profiles will be incorporated into future lensing analyses using the BELLS GALLERY sample to constrain the incidence of dark-matter substructure in the foreground lensing galaxies.
Spectroscopic Diagnostics of the Non-Maxwellian κ-distributions Using SDO/EVE Observations of the 2012 March 7 X-class Flare
Authors: Dzifčáková Elena , Zemanová Alena , Dudík Jaroslav , Mackovjak Šimon 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Spectroscopic observations made by the Extreme Ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) during the 2012 March 7 X5.4-class flare (SOL2012-03-07T00:07) are analyzed for signatures of the non-Maxwellian κ-distributions. Observed spectra were averaged over 1 minute to increase photon statistics in weaker lines and the pre-flare spectrum was subtracted. Synthetic line intensities for the κ-distributions are calculated using the KAPPA database. We find strong departures (κ ≲ 2) during the early and impulsive phases of the flare, with subsequent thermalization of the flare plasma during the gradual phase. If the temperatures are diagnosed from a single line ratio, the results are strongly dependent on the value of κ. For κ = 2, we find temperatures about a factor of two higher than the commonly used Maxwellian ones. The non-Maxwellian effects could also cause the temperatures diagnosed from line ratios and from the ratio of GOES X-ray channels to be different. Multithermal analysis reveals the plasma to be strongly multithermal at all times with flat DEMs. For lower κ, the

are shifted toward higher temperatures. The only parameter that is nearly independent of κ is electron density, where we find log

≈ 11.5 almost independently of time. We conclude that the non-Maxwellian effects are important and should be taken into account when analyzing solar flare observations, including spectroscopic and imaging ones.
Dark Matter Limits from Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies with the HAWC Gamma-Ray Observatory
Authors: Albert A. , Alfaro R. , Alvarez C. , Álvarez J. D. , Arceo R. , Arteaga-Velázquez J. C. , Rojas D. Avila , Solares H. A. Ayala , Bautista-Elivar N. , Becerril A. , Belmont-Moreno E. , BenZvi S. Y. , Bernal A. , Braun J. , Brisbois C. , Caballero-Mora K. S. , Capistrán T. , Carramiñana A. , Casanova S. , Castillo M. , Cotti U. , Cotzomi J. , León S. Coutiño de , León C. De , Fuente E. De la , Hernandez R. Diaz , Dingus B. L. , DuVernois M. A. , Díaz-Vélez J. C. , Ellsworth R. W. , Engel K. , Fiorino D. W. , Fraija N. , García-González J. A. , Garfias F. , González M. M. , Goodman J. A. , Hampel-Arias Z. , Harding J. P. , Hernandez S. , Hernandez-Almada A. , Hona B. , Hüntemeyer P. , Iriarte A. , Jardin-Blicq A. , Joshi V. , Kaufmann S. , Kieda D. , Lauer R. J. , Lennarz D. , Vargas H. León , Linnemann J. T. , Longinotti A. L. , Proper M. Longo , Raya G. Luis , Luna-García R. , López-Coto R. , Malone K. , Marinelli S. S. , Martinez-Castellanos I. , Martínez-Castro J. , Martínez-Huerta H. , Matthews J. A. , Miranda-Romagnoli P. , Moreno E. , Mostafá M. , Nellen L. , Newbold M. , Nisa M. U. , Noriega-Papaqui R. , Pelayo R. , Pretz J. , Pérez-Pérez E. G. , Ren Z. , Rho C. D. , Rivière C. , Rosa-González D. , Rosenberg M. , Ruiz-Velasco E. , Greus F. Salesa , Sandoval A. , Schneider M. , Schoorlemmer H. , Sinnis G. , Smith A. J. , Springer R. W. , Surajbali P. , Taboada I. , Tibolla O. , Tollefson K. , Torres I. , Vianello G. , Weisgarber T. , Westerhoff S. , Wood J. , Yapici T. , Younk P. W. , Zhou H. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) gamma-ray observatory is a wide field of view observatory sensitive to 500 GeV–100 TeV gamma-rays and cosmic rays. It can also perform diverse indirect searches for dark matter annihilation and decay. Among the most promising targets for the indirect detection of dark matter are dwarf spheroidal galaxies. These objects are expected to have few astrophysical sources of gamma-rays but high dark matter content, making them ideal candidates for an indirect dark matter detection with gamma-rays. Here we present individual limits on the annihilation cross section and decay lifetime for 15 dwarf spheroidal galaxies within the field of view, as well as their combined limit. These are the first limits on the annihilation cross section and decay lifetime using data collected with HAWC. We also present the HAWC flux upper limits of the 15 dwarf spheroidal galaxies in half-decade energy bins.
Polarization of K-shell Dielectronic Recombination Satellite Lines of Fe xix–xxv and Its Application for Diagnostics of Anisotropies of Hot Plasmas
Authors: Shah Chintan , Amaro Pedro , Steinbrügge René , Bernitt Sven , López-Urrutia José R. Crespo , Tashenov Stanislav 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
We present a systematic measurement of the X-ray emission asymmetries in the K-shell dielectronic, trielectronic, and quadruelectronic recombination of free electrons into highly charged ions. Iron ions in He-like through O-like charge states were produced in an electron beam ion trap, and the electron–ion collision energy was scanned over the recombination resonances. Two identical X-ray detectors mounted head-on and side-on with respect to the electron beam propagation recorded X-rays emitted in the decay of resonantly populated states. The degrees of linear polarization of X-rays inferred from observed emission asymmetries benchmark distorted-wave predictions of the Flexible Atomic Code for several dielectronic recombination satellite lines. The present method also demonstrates its applicability for diagnostics of energy and direction of electron beams inside hot anisotropic plasmas. Both experimental and theoretical data can be used for modeling of hot astrophysical and fusion plasmas.
Fast, Collimated Outflow in the Western Nucleus of Arp 220
Authors: Barcos-Muñoz Loreto , Aalto Susanne , Thompson Todd A. , Sakamoto Kazushi , Martín Sergio , Leroy Adam K. , Privon George C. , Evans Aaron S. , Kepley Amanda 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
We present the first spatially and spectrally resolved image of the molecular outflow in the western nucleus of Arp 220. The outflow, seen in HCN (1–0) by the Atacama Large millimeter/sub-millimeter Array, is compact and collimated, with an extension ≲120 pc. Bipolar morphology emerges along the minor axis of the disk, with redshifted and blueshifted components reaching a maximum inclination-corrected velocity of

km s−1. The outflow is also seen in CO and continuum emission, the latter implying that it carries significant dust. We estimate a total mass in the outflow of

, a dynamical time of ∼105 yr, and mass outflow rates of

yr−1 and

yr−1 for the northern and southern lobes, respectively. Possible driving mechanisms include supernovae energy and momentum transfer, radiation pressure feedback, and a central AGN. The latter could explain the collimated morphology of the HCN outflow; however, we need more complex theoretical models, including contributions from supernovae and AGN, to pinpoint the driving mechanism of this outflow.
Why Compositional Convection Cannot Explain Substellar Objects’ Sharp Spectral-type Transitions
Authors: Leconte Jérémy 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAs brown dwarfs and young giant planets cool down, they are known to experience various chemical transitions—for example, fromrich L-dwarfs to methane rich T-dwarfs. Those chemical transitions are accompanied by spectral transitions with sharpness that cannot be explained by chemistry alone. In a series of articles, Tremblin et al. proposed that some of the yet-unexplained features associated with these transitions could be explained by a reduction of the thermal gradient near the photosphere. To explain, in turn, this more isothermal profile, they invoke the presence of an instability analogous to fingering convection—compositional convection—triggered by the change in mean molecular weight of the gas due to the chemical transitions mentioned above. In this Letter, we use existing arguments to demonstrate that any turbulent transport, if present, would in factincreasethe thermal gradient. This misinterpretation comes from the fact that turbulence mixes/homogenizes entropy (potential temperature) instead of temperature. So, while increasing transport, turbulence in an initially stratified atmosphere actually carries energy downward, whether it is due to fingering or any other type of compositional convection. These processes therefore cannot explain the features observed along the aforementioned transitions by reducing the thermal gradient in the atmosphere of substellar objects. Understanding the microphysical and dynamical properties of clouds at these transitions thus probably remains our best way forward.
Communs et développement : une approche renouvelée face aux défis mondiaux
Authors: Leyronas Stéphanie , Bambridge Tamatoa 
Published: February 2018

Cet article introductif examine l’approche renouvelée fondée sur les communs. Basé sur les articles constitutifs de ce dossier thématique, il aborde les questions de gestion des ressources, tangibles et intangibles, à différentes échelles et dans des lieux variés en Europe, en Asie, en Afrique et dans le Pacifique. Il montre les conditions dans lesquelles un commun caractérisé par un ensemble de droits et d’obligations, un collectif identifié et une ressource, peut devenir une alternative de gestion efficace face au marché et à l’État. Ce travail souligne également que les communs ne se développent pas en autarcie, mais doivent bien souvent être articulés avec l’État et les acteurs du marché, posant des défis novateurs en termes de gouvernance polycentrique, de légitimité et d’échelle spatio-temporelle. Il conclut sur les défis mondiaux, comme le réchauffement climatique, lesquels sont de plus en plus nombreux à être abordés en termes de « communs » plutôt qu’en termes de « biens publics mondiaux ».
Contrôles d'activité d’un vaccin polyvalent contre les avortements infectieux non brucelliques des petits ruminants
Authors: Vittoz J. 
Published: February 2018

Activity testing of a polyvalent vaccine against infections abortions (except brucellosis) of ewews

The author describes the methods of control of a polyvalent vaccine against the infections abortions (except brucellosis) of ewes. The mesure of the protection antichlamydial infections determinated by the immuno-enzymatic test permits a quik answer which may, eventually, be completed by the test on pregnant mice. The measure of the antisalmonellosis pro¬ tection by the classical methods of séroagglutination on slides permits also a quick answer. The two affections being at the origin of :
— 10 % of abortions in the south-East ;
— 33 % of abortions in the south-West of France.
Excrétion urinaire d’estradiol après différents traitements anabolisants
Authors: Bouffault Jean-Claude , Willemart Jean-Pierre 
Published: February 2018

Urinary secretion of estradiol after different anabolic treatments
Two anabolics (E2 Progesterone, E2 + TBA, respectively) were injected S.C. in the dewlap, to mâles Normandy calves (two treated groups, one control group).
Urinary excretion with E2 17β and E2 17α was measured during the days 41, 83 and 104 by R.I.A. The same days was mesured urinary creatinine.
Results indicate :
For E2 17β excretion remain less than 5 ng/ml (day 41 on treated calves) Forf E2 17α, excretion is more than 10 ng/ml in controls (day 83, one, day 104, two) in all treated on days 41, 83, 104
For creatinine, the levels remain relatively regular, except a moderate increase in day 104 for group 3.
Urinary secretion with E2 17α does not give very reliable informations concerning the withdrawal period neither for the existence or not of an anabolic treatment.
Vascularisation artérielle intra-organique. Conceptions actuelles
Authors: Blin Pierre-Christian 
Published: February 2018

Intra-organic arterial vascularization actual conception.
This paper presents a survey of the research on the intra-organic arterial vascularization carried out at the Alfort veterinary school for the last twenty-five years. Papers and thesis, which are mentioned, concern intrinsic vascularization of bones, muscles, tendons, salivary glands, liver and spleen.
Emphasis is placed on the knowledge of the intra-organic arterial vascularization.
Température et action du Lauri-Lac sur la multiplication des Salmonella dans la viande hachée
Authors: Catsaras Marc , Danjou Jean-Paul , Seynave René Lucien 
Published: February 2018

L’action du Lauri-Lac sur la multiplication des Salmonella typhimurium dans la viande hachée de bovin est étudiée à différentes températures : 0-+2 °C, 30 °C et 37 °C.
Les résultats obtenus à 0-+2 °C sont comparés avec les précédents et discutés en fonction de la conservation du Lauri-Lac au réfrigérateur. La forte activité observée à 37 °C est soulignée.
Recherches étiologiques et épidémiologiques sur la diarrhée néonatale du veau
Authors: Castrucci G. , Frigeri F. , Ferrari M. , Cilli V. , Aldrovandi V. 
Published: February 2018

Les recherches sur la diarrhée néonatale du veau ont pris le départ après que l’on eût isolé des souches de rotavirus à partir de foyers de cette maladie qui s’étaient vérifiés dans des élevages de bovins.
Les résultats obtenus ont permis d’attribuer aux rotavirus un rôle étiopathogénique essentiel dans la détermination du syndrome morbide. En outre, la constatation ayant été faite que l’une des souches étudiées (81/36F) possédait non seulement des caractères d’une extrême virulence, mais également des propriétés de prédominance antigénique très nettes, on a préparé, avec la souche susmentionnée, un vaccin éteint à employer pour la prophylaxie de la diarrhée néonatale par vaccination des vaches dans la dernière phase de gestation. Les essais effectués, tant dans le domaine expérimental que dans l’application pratique, ont confirmé l’efficacité du vaccin.
Origine, modalités et conséquences de la domestication des mammifères
Authors: Petter Francis 
Published: February 2018

Les animaux domestiques datent de près de 10 000 ans. Le loup est l'ancêtre du chien. Devenu l’associé de l’homme, le chien a permis la domestication du mouflon, du bouquetin, du sanglier et de l’aurochs, et ainsi le développement de l’élevage et de l’agriculture. La sensibilité de la bouche du cheval peut être responsable de sa domestication.
Sans les animaux domestiques l’homme serait probablement resté au stade de chasseur primitif.
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Simarouba glauca (Lakshmi Taru) Plant Extract against Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm: An in vitro Study
Authors: Varada Sree L , Veetil Jenaki E , Nair Ganesh C 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial activity of Simarouba glauca plant extract as intracanal medicament against Enterococcus faecalis and to compare its effect with that of metapex (calcium hydroxide with iodoform paste).

Materials and methods
In the study, 30 human premolar teeth infected with E. faecalis were used. Contaminated teeth were randomly separated into three groups (n = 10) and treated as follows: Group I, calcium hydroxide-based medication; group II, S. glauca-based medication; and group III, contaminated teeth without medication. After 7 days of treatment, teeth from each group were assessed for the level of microbial growth after a period of treatment.

Results
Metapex and S. glauca were associated with a reduction in E. faecalis after removal of the dressing; however, saline is associated with an increase in colony-forming units (CFU) per milliliter.

Conclusion
In this laboratory study using extracted teeth, S. glauca (Lakshmi Taru) was able to significantly reduce the CFU per milliliter values of E. faecalis in the root canal system similar to metapex.

How to cite this article
Varada SL, Veetil JE, Nair GC. Antimicrobial Efficacy of Simarouba glauca (Lakshmi Taru) Plant Extract against Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm: An in vitro Study. Cons Dent Endod J 2017;2(2):43-47.
Management of a Complicated Vertical Crown Fracture
Authors: Anilkumar Aadit , Raj Aparna , Radhakrishnan Nair K , Alexander Rinsu N , Kumar Meenu M 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
Coronal fractures of the anterior teeth are a common form of dental trauma affecting mainly children and adolescents. Trauma with accompanying fracture of anterior teeth is an agonizing experience for a young individual, which requires immediate attention, not only because of the physical disfigurement but also because of the psychological impact on the patient. Coronal fractures may be vertical or horizontal. Vertical crown fracture with pulpal involvement usually presents mild symptoms and pain. Pain is mainly due to the mobility of the fractured segment during function. This study describes the single-visit management of a complicated vertical coronal fracture in a maxillary central incisor. Esthetic management of the fracture line was done by resin composite by preparing grooves and followed by joining the fragments together. After esthetic management, endodontic treatment was done for the tooth. Crown was given at a later stage to prevent the extension of fracture line and for the longevity of tooth.

How to cite this article
Raj A, Nair KR, Geetha P, Anilkumar A, Alexander RN, Kumar MM. Management of a Complicated Vertical Crown Fracture. Cons Dent Endod J 2017;2(2):52-55.