bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavior of Lebanese Pediatricians regarding Children's Oral Health
Authors: Bacho Riad 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim of the study is to evaluate the behavior of Lebanese pediatricians regarding children's oral health.

Materials and methods
A cross sectional study including 100 Lebanese pediatricians was performed. They answered 11 questions. Three variables were taken into consideration: The number of years in practice, the place and the type of practice.

Results
The answers were tabulated according to the latter three subdivisions. 97.7% of pediatricians who have been practicing for more than 5years reported inquiring about whether a child is taking a milk/juice bottle overnight as compared to 76.9% of pediatricians who have been practicing for less than five years. The majority of pediatricians working in cities/big villages (98.9%) and 76.9% in small villages do look for cavities during oral examination.

Discussion
Independently of the years in practice, the majority of pediatricians look for cavities and check the mucosa/tongue during the oral examination. The results regarding dental examination revealed a significant difference between the pediatricians working in cities/big villages (98.9%) and those in small villages (76.9%). Regarding the frequent diagnosis of ECC, there is also a significant difference between pediatricians working in cities/ big villages (74.7%) and those working in small villages (46.2%).

Conclusion
The behavior of the Lebanese pediatricians regarding children's oral health is not satisfactory. In their daily practice, pediatricians need to have more interaction with pediatric dentists and should take into consideration the AAP and AAPD recommendations.

How to cite this article
Noueiri B, Nassif N, Bacho R. Behavior of Lebanese Pediatricians regarding Children's Oral Health. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(4):379-383.
Pharmacognostical Evaluation of Raw and Shodhita (Processed) Danti [Baliospermum montanum (Willd.) Muell.-Arg] Root
Authors: Harisha Channappa R , Rout Siba P 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Danti, Baliospermum solanifolium (Burm.) Suresh [Syn. Baliospermum montanum (Willd.) Muell. Arg], of family Euphorbiaceae is an important herbal drug in the Ayurveda pharmacopoeia of India. In Ayurveda, Samskara (processing) has been shown to increase the efficacy of various drugs. Shodhana (purificatory measures/processing) is one of the steps involved in Samskara. The Charaka samhita describes the Shodhana (processing) of Danti by applying the fruit powder of Pippali (Piper longum L.) along with honey, wrapping it with Kusha (Desmostachya bippinnata Stapf.), and then fomenting it. The root thus obtained is dried under sunrays and then stored for further use. The exact pharmacognostical changes that transpire through Samskara (classical processing technique) remain to be explored scientifically. Hence, an attempt has been made to evaluate the pharmacognostical changes in Danti root, including its powder microscopy.

Materials and methods
Roots of raw Danti (RD) were collected from its natural habitat (Odisha) after proper botanical authentication. The roots were subjected to Shodhana and four groups of Danti root—RD, classically processed Danti root (CPDR), Kusha-processed Danti root (KPDR), and water-classically processed Danti root (WPDR)—were obtained. The raw and classically processed Danti roots were evaluated for their macroscopic and microscopic characters while RD, CPDR, KPDR, and WPDR were subjected to powder microscopy. The macroscopic powder images of the respective Danti samples was carried out by L*a*b*color-based image segmentation for identification.

Results
Transverse sections (TS) of CPDR show characteristic features with multilayered, ruptured reddish cork cells and presence of black debris of Pippali adhering to cork cells. Powder microscopy reveals Pippali with stone cells and dark-brownish oleoresin content in the CPDR group. WPDR reveals more swollen sclereids compared with the KPDR group. Macroscopic imaging showed distinct L*a*b* color-based segmentation.

Conclusion
Pharmacognostical findings of raw and shodhita Danti root will serve as a reference material for future scientific investigation.

How to cite this article
Rout SP, Harisha CR, Acharya R. Pharmacognostical Evaluation of Raw and Shodhita (Processed) Danti [Baliospermum montanum (Willd.) Muell.-Arg] Root. J Drug Res Ayurvedic Sci 2017;2(3):164-174.
Blij met de WODC-affaire?
Authors: Dekker Bart 
Published: December 2017

Blij met de WODC-affaire?
In deze column reageert de auteur op de WODC-affaire: de conclusies van een onderzoek van het Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek- en Documentatiecentrum (WODC) van het ministerie van (toen nog) Veiligheid en Justitie naar de overlast van coffeeshops zouden op verzoek van beleidsambtenaren in de politiek gewenste richting zijn omgebogen. Dekker gaat na wat de aandacht voor dit voorval kan betekenen voor de relatie tussen opdrachtgever en opdrachtnemer.
Oncology providers’ evaluation of the use of a prostate cancer treatment decision aid versus usual information provision: Results from the PCPCC trial
Authors: Cuypers Maarten , Lamers Romy E D , Kil Paul J M , Van de Poll-Franse Lonneke V , De Vries Marieke 
Published: December 2017

Objective: To compare care providers’ evaluations of an online prostate cancer treatment decision aid (DA) to an evaluation of usual information routines.Methods: Oncology care providers (urologists and nurses, n=108) enrolled in the intervention (DA) or control (standard information) arm of a cluster randomized controlled trial were invited to fill out an online questionnaire to evaluate working with the DA or to evaluate usual information provision. Response rate was 58% (n=63). Results: The DA was provided to 368 patients and distributing care providers were supportive of the DA content and usability. Satisfaction (1-10) with the DA or standard information was comparable (M=7.8 vs M=8.1, p=0.14), although in the control arm, care providers perceived that patients already receive too much information. Time barriers were not expected or perceived. All care providers involved felt suitable to distribute DAs. Care providers with DA experience were more supportive of including DAs in clinical guidelines.Conclusion: Care providers were satisfied with the DA and reported no time barriers. However, many care providers are already satisfied with standard information materials and fear overloading patients with information.
Fentanyl, Heroin, Methamphetamine, and Cocaine Analyte Concentrations in Urine Drug Testing Specimens
Authors: Huhn Andrew S. , Whitley Penn , Bolin B. Levi , Dunn Kelly E. 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceThe US is experiencing a protracted drug overdose crisis primarily associated with exposure to illicitly manufactured fentanyl (IMF), methamphetamine, and cocaine. Overdose risk and treatment responses may be directly affected by absolute drug exposure concentrations and drug use prevalence.ObjectiveTo quantify changes in absolute drug exposure concentrations from 2013 to 2023.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study analyzed urine drug testing (UDT) results from urine specimens collected between January 1, 2013, and August 22, 2023, in 49 states and the District of Columbia. Urine specimens were obtained from patients aged 18 years or older who presented to substance use disorder treatment clinics. The UDT was ordered by clinicians based on medical necessity.ExposuresUrine specimens were analyzed for the following drugs or metabolites (analytes tested in parentheses): fentanyl (fentanyl), heroin (6-monoacetylmorphine), cocaine (benzoylecgonine), and methamphetamine (methamphetamine) using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry.Main Outcomes and MeasuresRelative concentrations of fentanyl, heroin, cocaine, and methamphetamine. Creatinine-normalized drug concentration values were log-transformed prior to visualization and statistical analyses. The Mann-Kendall trend test was performed to examine trends over time. To estimate the geospatial and temporal patterns of drug concentration, a second series of models (1 for each drug) with an interaction effect for clinic location and collection year were fit.ResultsA total of 921 931 unique UDT samples were collected from patients (549 042 males [59.6%]; median [IQR] age, 34 [27-44] years). The adjusted fentanyl concentration in urine specimens was 38.23 (95% CI, 35.93-40.67) ng/mg creatinine in 2023 and 4.61 (95% CI, 3.59-5.91) ng/mg creatinine in 2013. The adjusted methamphetamine concentration was 3461.59 (95% CI, 3271.88-3662.30) ng/mg creatinine in 2023 and 665.27 (95% CI, 608.51-727.32) ng/mg creatinine in 2013. The adjusted cocaine concentration was 1122.23 (95% CI, 1032.41-1219.87) ng/mg creatinine in 2023 and 559.71 (95% CI, 524.69-597.06) ng/mg creatinine in 2013. The adjusted heroin concentration was 58.36 (95% CI, 48.26-70.58) ng/mg creatinine in 2023 and 146.59 (95% CI, 136.06-157.92) ng/mg creatinine in 2013. Drug concentrations varied across US Census divisions.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cross-sectional study found that absolute concentrations of fentanyl, methamphetamine, and cocaine in urine specimens increased from 2013 to 2023, with a decrease in heroin concentration during that period. The findings suggest that exposure to these substances, as well as the illicit drug supply, has fundamentally changed in many parts of the US, highlighting the need to reinforce surveillance initiatives and accelerate efforts to treat individuals with IMF and/or stimulant exposure.
Insular monoaminergic deficits in prodromal α‐synucleinopathies
Authors: Pilotto Andrea , Galli Alice , Zatti Cinzia , Placidi Fabio , Izzi Francesca , Premi Enrico , Caminiti Silvia P. , Presotto Luca , Rizzardi Andrea , Catania Marcello , Lupini Alessandro , Purin Leandro , Pasolini Maria P. , Mercuri Nicola B. , Chiaravalotti Agostino , Fernandes Mariana , Calvello Carmen , Lucchini Silvia , Bertagna Francesco , Paghera Barbara , Perani Daniela , Berg Daniela , Padovani Alessandro , Liguori Claudio 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMethodsThis study assessed data from two cohorts of patients with alpha‐synucleinopathies (University of Brescia and University of Rome Tor‐Vergata cohorts). Consecutive participants with video‐polysomnography‐confirmed iRBD, Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and controls underwent neurological, clinical and 123I‐FP‐CIT SPECT imaging assessments. Individuals with iRBD were longitudinally monitored to collect clinical phenoconversion to PD or DLB. The main outcome was to identify whole brain 123 I‐FP‐CIT SPECT measures reflecting monoaminergic deficits in each clinical group as compared to controls.ResultsThe cohort (n = 184) included 45 patients with iRBD, 47 PD, 42 DLB and 50 age‐matched controls. Individuals with iRBD were categorized as RBD‐DAT− (n = 32) and RBD‐DAT+ (n = 13), according to nigrostriatal assessment used in clinical practice. Compared to controls, RBD‐DAT− showed an early involvement of the left insula, which increased in RBD‐DAT+, and was present in patients with Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Longitudinal cox regression analyses revealed a higher risk of phenoconversion in individuals with iRBD and insular monoaminergic deficits [HR = 3.387; CI 95%: 1.18–10.27].InterpretationIn this study, altered insular monoaminergic binding in iRBD was associated with phenoconversion to DLB or PD. These findings may provide a helpful stratification approach for future pharmacological or non‐pharmacological interventions.
Realizing Ultrahigh Conversion Efficiency of ≈9.0% in YbCd2Sb2/Mg3Sb2 Zintl Module for Thermoelectric Power Generation
Authors: Hu Jinsuo , Sun Yuxin , Shi Wenjing , Wu Hao , Zhu Jianbo , Cheng Jinxuan , Jiao Lei , Jiang Xiaohan , Xie Liangjun , Qu Nuo , Li Fushan , Yu Zhiyuan , Zhang Qian , Liu Zihang , Guo Fengkai , Cai Wei , Sui Jiehe 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRecently, YbCd2Sb2‐based Zintl compounds have been widely investigated owing to their extraordinary thermoelectric (TE) performance. However, its p orbitals of anions that determined the valence band structure are split due to crystal field splitting that provides a good platform for band manipulation by doping/alloying and, more importantly, the YbCd2Sb2‐based device has yet to be reported. In this work, single‐phase YbCd1.5Zn0.5Sb2 is successfully obtained through precise chemical composition control. Then, YbMg2Sb2‐alloying increases the cationic vacancy defect formation energy and further optimizes carrier concentration. Moreover, the band structure of YbCd1.5Zn0.5Sb2 is subtly manipulated, and the underlying mechanism is experimentally explored. Combined with the reduced lattice thermal conductivity, a high peak ZT value of ∼1.43 at 700 K is obtained for YbCd1.425Zn0.475Mg0.1Sb2. Subsequently, choosing Fe90Sb10 as the diffusion barrier layer and adopting the transient liquid phase bonding technique, for the first time, it is demonstrated that YbCd2Sb2/Mg3(Sb, Bi)2 TE module with an ultrahigh conversion efficiency of ≈9.0% at a heat difference of 430 K. More importantly, this module displays good thermal stability. This work paves the way for YbCd2Sb2 materials and devices in mid‐temperature heat recovery.
AI‐Driven Electrolyte Additive Selection to Boost Aqueous Zn‐Ion Batteries Stability
Authors: Li Haobo , Hao Junnan , Qiao Shi‐Zhang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn tackling the stability challenge of aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (AZIBs) for large‐scale energy storage, the adoption of electrolyte additive emerges as a practical solution. Unlike current trial‐and‐error methods for selecting electrolyte additives, a data‐driven strategy is proposed using theoretically computed surface free energy as a stability descriptor, benchmarked against experimental results. Numerous additives are calculated from existing literature, forming a database for machine learning (ML) training. Importantly, this ML model relies solely on experimental values, effectively addressing the challenge of large solvent molecule models that are difficult to handle with quantum chemistry computation. The interpretable linear regression algorithm identifies the number of heavy atoms in the additive molecule and the liquid surface tension as key factors. Artificial intelligence (AI) clustering categorizes additive molecules, identifying regions with the most significant impact on enhancing battery stability. Experimental verification successfully confirms the exceptional performance of 1,2,3‐butanetriol and acetone in the optimal region. This integrated methodology, combining theoretical models, data‐driven ML, and experimental validation, provides insights into the rational design of battery electrolyte additives.
Spin‐Polarized PdCu–Fe3O4 In‐Plane Heterostructures with Tandem Catalytic Mechanism for Oxygen Reduction Catalysis
Authors: Li Menggang , Han Guanghui , Tian Fenyang , Tao Lu , Fu Linke , Li Lu , Zhou Chenhui , He Lin , Lin Fangxu , Zhang Shipeng , Yang Weiwei , Ke Xiaoxing , Luo Mingchuan , Yu Yongsheng , Xu Bingjun , Guo Shaojun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAlloying has significantly upgraded the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of Pd‐based catalysts through regulating the thermodynamics of oxygenated intermediates. However, the unsatisfactory activation ability of Pd‐based alloys toward O2 molecules limits further improvement of ORR kinetics. Herein, the precise synthesis of nanosheet assemblies of spin‐polarized PdCu–Fe3O4 in‐plane heterostructures for drastically activating O2 molecules and boosting ORR kinetics is reported. It is demonstrated that the deliberate‐engineered in‐plane heterostructures not only tailor the d‐band center of Pd sites with weakened adsorption of oxygenated intermediates but also endow electrophilic Fe sites with strong ability to activate O2 molecules, which make PdCu–Fe3O4 in‐plane heterostructures exhibit the highest ORR specific activity among the state‐of‐art Pd‐based catalysts so far. In situ electrochemical spectroscopy and theoretical investigations reveal a tandem catalytic mechanism on PdCu–Fe3O4─Fe sites that initially activate molecular O2 and generate oxygenated intermediates being transferred to Pd sites to finish the subsequent proton‐coupled electron transfer steps.
Synthesis of Quinoxaline‐2,3‐diamines via Palladium‐Catalysed Double Isocyanide Insertion Cyclization
Authors: Dai Baiyun , Pan Yongzhou , Wang Xu , Fu Jinping , Tang Haitao , Yi Yi , Pan Yingming 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAn approach for the synthesis of quinoxaline‐2,3‐diamines is reported using a palladium‐catalyzed cyclization reaction of o‐phenylenediamines and isocyanides. Various quinoxaline‐2,3‐diamines could be obtained in 25%–95% yields at 100 °C for 3 h. The key to the success of this protocol involves the formation of two C−N and one C−C bonds via the double insertion of isocyanide.
HCP5 Derived Novel Microprotein Triggers Progression of Gastric Cancer through Regulating Ferroptosis
Authors: Li Qiuhui , Guo Guoqing , Chen Yuli , Lu Lu , Li Hanyang , Zhou Zihan , Guo Jiahao , Gan Xiongkang , Hu Yanming , Li Qiunuo , Sun Ming , Liu Xianghua 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe context of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) contains many unannotated open reading frames (ORFs). These ORFs potentially encode novel proteins or peptides with crucial roles in various human cancers, yet the translational potential of these lncRNAs and the functions of the protein products remain largely unexplored, especially in gastric cancer (GC). In this study, a comprehensive analysis is performed and identified a GC associated lncRNA known as HCP5, which contains a non‐canonical ORF. Further analysis showed that HCP5‐132aa, a microprotein encoded by HCP5 harboring this ORF, is highly expressed in GC cells and tissues, and can promote the proliferation of GC cells by inhibiting ferroptosis. Mechanistically, HCP5‐132aa enhances the interaction between YBX1 and ELAVL1, facilitates recognition of YBX1 at the m5C site in the 3′UTR of SLC7A11 and G6PD mRNA, and preserves their stability via ELAVL1. By employing a Cas9/sgRNA delivery system with AAV in vivo, effectively knocked out the HCP5‐132aa and inhibition of tumor growth in a patient‐derived xenograft model are achieved. These findings demonstrate that the novel protein HCP5‐132aa, derived from lncRNA HCP5, mediates the repression of ferroptosis, thereby driving the progression of GC and identifying a new potential therapeutic target for its treatment.
Furfural: An Efficient Platform Molecule as a CO Surrogate in Palladium Catalysed Synthesis of α, β‐Alkynylamides
Authors: Shinde Shraddha D. , Kuchkina Nina , Bhanage Bhalchandra M. , Shifrina Zinaida 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBiomass‐derived furfural was used as a CO surrogate for the first time in the oxidative N‐dealkylation/carbonylation of various aliphatic and cyclic tertiary amines with terminal alkynes to produce alk‐2‐ynamides. This reaction employed O2 as an ideal oxidising agent and used a Pd/C catalyst with KI as an additive in a base free and ligand free condition. Notably, the selective sp3 C−N bond cleavage of tertiary amines led to its potential application as an amine source. The typical and simple route provides another option for producing a broad variety of alk‐2‐ynamide derivatives in environmentally friendly and efficient way under mild conditions. This method also displays notable reusability.
Strukturrevision von Halisphingosin A durch Totalsynthese und Bioaktivitätsstudien
Authors: Sauer Maria , Kany Andreas M. , Götze Sebastian , Müller Rolf , Beemelmanns Christine 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSphingoidbasen sind wichtige bioaktive Lipide, die in einer Vielzahl von Organismen vorkommen, wo sie als Bausteine für die Biosynthese von Sphingolipiden dienen, und zudem entscheidende zelluläre physiologische Prozesse regulieren. Hier beschreiben wir die Totalsynthese und Strukturrevision von Halisphingosin A, einer Sphingoidbase, die ursprünglich aus Meeresschwämmen isoliert wurde. Um die Unstimmigkeiten in der NMR‐Interpretation im Zusammenhang mit der Strukturaufklärung dieses Naturstoffes zu klären, haben wir eine Syntheseroute entwickelt, welche den Zugang zu mehreren Regio‐ und Stereoisomeren der vorgeschlagenen Kernstruktur von Halisphingosin A ermöglicht. Der Schlüsselschritt basiert auf einer enantioselektiven Henry‐Reaktion, welche es ermöglichte eine Substanzbibliothek aus 32 vollständig charakterisierten synthetischen Regio‐ und Stereoisomeren herzustellen. Basierend auf diesem Datensatz konnte die Struktur von Halisphingosin A als (2R,3R,8R,Z)‐2‐Aminooctadec‐9‐en‐1,3,8‐triol identifiziert werden. Darüber hinaus zeigten Bioaktivitätsstudien, dass die unterschiedlichen Regioisomere von Halisphingosin A Struktur‐abhängige antimikrobielle und zytotoxische Eigenschaften besitzen. Validierte analytische Datensätze von ungewöhnlichen Sphingoidbasen, wie in dieser Studie, ermöglichen nicht nur präzisere ökologisch‐geprägte metabolomische Studien, sondern ermöglichen auch die Entwicklung von Inhibitoren des Sphingolipidstoffwechsels sowie die Erforschung von neuen Antagonisten der Sphingolipidbasen‐Rezeptoren.
Boosting Propane Dehydrogenation to Propylene via Electron Hole‐Hydrogen Coupling on Cobalt Metal Surface
Authors: Xu Dong , Li Qi‐Yuan , Su Qing‐Xu , Xia Si‐Yuan , Xu Yu‐Shuai , Leng Bing‐Liang , Lin Xiu , Fan Liu‐Yin , Chen Jie‐Sheng , Li Xin‐Hao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNonoxidative dehydrogenation of propane is useful for the high selectivity to propylene but is suffering from the heavy coke deposition on the catalyst surface. Herein, we present a proof‐of‐concept application of a hole‐hydrogen (H) couple on a metallic cobalt surface to decrease the deactivation rate. The coupled H atoms on the Cobalt (Co) surface, partially resulting from propane dehydrogenation, enabled the desorption of propylene to avoid deep hydrogenolysis and coke deposition and realize selective and durable propylene production, while conventional Co metal‐based catalysts do not generate propylene. The optimized hole‐H coupled Co catalyst provided a low deactivation rate (0.0036 h−1) and a high turnover frequency (55.6 h−1) for propylene production with a high propane flux (48 vol.% C3H8 in gas feeds) at 550 °C.
Chaperone‐Derived Copper(I)‐Binding Peptide Nanofibers Disrupt Copper Homeostasis in Cancer Cells
Authors: Jeena M. T. , Link Julian , Zhang Jian , Harley Iain , Turunen Petri , Graf Robert , Wagner Manfred , Baptista Luis Andre , Jonker Hendrik R. A. , Cui Liyang , Lieberwirth Ingo , Landfester Katharina , Rao Jianghong , Ng David Y. W. , Weil Tanja 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCopper (Cu) is a transition metal that plays crucial roles in cellular metabolism. Cu+ homeostasis is upregulated in many cancers and contributes to tumorigenesis. However, therapeutic strategies to target Cu+ homeostasis in cancer cells are rarely explored because small molecule Cu+ chelators have poor binding affinity in comparison to the intracellular Cu+ chaperones, enzymes, or ligands. To address this challenge, we introduce a Cu+ chaperone‐inspired supramolecular approach to disrupt Cu+ homeostasis in cancer cells that induces programmed cell death. The Nap‐FFMTCGGCR peptide self‐assembles into nanofibers inside cancer cells with high binding affinity and selectivity for Cu+ due to the presence of the unique MTCGGC motif, which is conserved in intracellular Cu+ chaperones. Nap‐FFMTCGGCR exhibits cytotoxicity towards triple negative breast cancer cells (MDA‐MB‐231), impairs the activity of Cu+ dependent co‐chaperone super oxide dismutase1 (SOD1), and induces oxidative stress. In contrast, Nap‐FFMTCGGCR has minimal impact on normal HEK 293T cells. Control peptides show that the self‐assembly and Cu+ binding must work in synergy to successfully disrupt Cu+ homeostasis. We show that assembly‐enhanced affinity for metal ions opens new therapeutic strategies to address disease‐relevant metal ion homeostasis.