bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Registered nurses’ reflections on bioscience courses during the undergraduate nursing programme: an exploratory study
Authors: Craft Judy A , Hudson Peter B , Plenderleith Mark B , Gordon Christopher J 
Published: August 2016

Aims and objectivesTo explore new graduate registered nurses’ reflections of bioscience courses during their nursing programme and the relationship between bioscience content and their clinical practice.BackgroundUndergraduate nursing students internationally find bioscience courses challenging, which may be due to the volume of content and level of difficulty of these courses. Such challenges may be exacerbated by insufficient integration between bioscience theory and nursing clinical practice.DesignA descriptive, cross‐sectional mixed methods study was conducted.MethodsA 30‐item questionnaire with five written response questions which explored recently registered nurses’ reflections on bioscience courses during their nursing degree was employed. Descriptive analyses were reported for individual items. Thematic analysis of qualitative responses was grouped to reveal emerging themes.ResultsRegistered nurses’ (n = 22) reflections revealed that bioscience courses were a significant challenge during their undergraduate programme, and they lacked confidence explaining the biological basis of nursing. Participants would like improved knowledge of the relevant bioscience for nursing and agreed that bioscience courses should be extended into the undergraduate final year. The importance of relating bioscience content to nursing practice was elaborated extensively throughout written responses.ConclusionsAlthough registered nurses reflected that bioscience courses were difficult with large volumes of content, having more bioscience with greater relevance to nursing applications was considered important in their current clinical practice. It is suggested that bioscience academics develop greater contextual links between bioscience content and clinical practice relevant to nursing.Relevance to clinical practiceAfter working as a registered nurse, there was appreciation of bioscience relevance for clinical practice, and the nurses believed they would have benefitted from more nursing‐related bioscience during their undergraduate programme. Focussed integration of bioscience with clinical nursing courses should be driven by academics, nurse educators and clinical nurses to provide a biological basis for patient care to nursing students.
Managing boundaries between professional and lay nursing following the influenza pandemic, 1918–1919: insights for professional resilience today?
Authors: Wood Pamela J 
Published: August 2016

Aims and objectivesTo examine lay–professional nursing boundaries, using challenges to the New Zealand nursing profession following the 1918–1919 influenza pandemic as the example.BackgroundThe influenza pandemic of 1918–1919 had an overwhelming international impact on communities and the nursing profession. After the pandemic, the expectation for communities to be able to nurse the sick reflects today's increasing reliance on families to care for people at home. It similarly raised questions about the profession's role and professional boundaries in relation to volunteer or lay nursing. In New Zealand, the postpandemic challenge to build community lay nursing capacity tested these boundaries.DesignHistorical research.MethodsAnalysis of historical primary sources of official reports, newspaper accounts, articles in New Zealand's professional nursing journal Kai Tiaki and the memoir of Hester Maclean, the country's chief nurse. Interpretation of findings in relation to secondary sources examining similar historical tensions between professional and lay nursing, and to the more recent notion of professional resilience.ResultsMaclean guarded nursing's professional boundaries by maintaining considerable control over community instruction in nursing and by strenuously resisting the suggestion that this should be done in hospitals where professional nurses trained.ConclusionsThis historical example shows how the nursing profession faced the perceived threat to its professional boundaries. It also shows how competing goals of building community lay nursing capacity and protecting professional boundaries can be effectively managed.Relevance to Clinical PracticeIn the context of a global nursing shortage, limited healthcare budgets and a consequently increasing reliance on households to provide care for family members, this historical research shows nurses today that similar issues have been faced and effectively managed in the past.
Retrospective 2‐ to 7‐Year Follow‐Up Study of 20 Double Full‐Arch Implant‐Supported Monolithic Zirconia Fixed Prostheses: Measurements and Recommendations for Optimal Design
Authors: Rojas Vizcaya Fernando 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPurposeTo measure the extension of cantilever lengths, thicknesses, and heights of zirconia prostheses in the lingual and facial areas of the distal screw access openings, and to evaluate the clinical performance regarding chipping or fracture of the distal cantilevered sections of double full‐arch CAD/CAM screw‐retained, stained, monolithic zirconia, gingival‐colored ceramic implant‐supported fixed prostheses (MZ‐FPs).Materials and MethodsTen edentulous patients were provided with a total of 20 CAD/CAM double full‐arch MZ‐FPs. The zirconia thicknesses around distal screw access openings at three different levels (crown height space, screw access opening lengths, and dimensions of the cantilevered segments) were measured in the resin prototypes. Patients were evaluated clinically (visually) without magnification, with intraoral digital photography, and radiologically by the author, approximately every 6 months. Ten patients with 20 MZ‐FPs were evaluated. Twenty resin prototypes with 35 cantilevered segments (15 maxillary, 20 mandibular) were measured. The lingual and facial thicknesses of the resin frameworks and the crown height spaces of 35 distal access openings were measured.ResultsThe average extension of the maxillary cantilever segments was 7.72 mm; the mandibular cantilever average was 13.72 mm. The average crown height space for maxillary prostheses was 13.27 mm, for the mandibular prostheses it was 11.89 mm. Zirconia thickness around distal screw access openings at the middle of the crowns, margins and middle of the gingival areas (buccal side of maxillary prostheses) was 4.29, 3.79, and 3.87 mm, respectively. On the lingual sides the thicknesses were 3.13, 2.85, and 3.15 mm, respectively. For mandibular prostheses the thicknesses were 3.56, 3.08, and 3.15 mm, respectively, on the buccal sides, and 2.07, 2.00, and 2.99 mm, respectively, on the lingual sides. No implant failure or changes in the occlusal surface, chipping of the cuspid or incisal edges, or prosthesis distal extension fractures were observed during follow‐up periods ranging from 2 to 7 years. The survival rate was 100% for implants and prostheses. In one of the patients, chipping of the pink ceramic was noted in the maxillary prosthesis 36 months after placement.ConclusionsThe results of this study indicated that full‐arch MZ‐FPs without cutback, or with partial digital cutback and veneering ceramic, were a therapeutic option. Recommendations regarding the thickness of zirconia at the level of the distal screw access openings, the crown height spaces, and the lengths of the cantilever segments were recorded. Additional in vitro and clinical studies will be required for more scientific analysis of the criteria for design of this type of prosthesis to minimize prosthetic complications. Long‐term and multicenter studies are needed to corroborate the findings discussed in this report.
Factors that influence delivery of tobacco cessation support in general dental practice: a narrative review
Authors: Lala Rizwana , Csikar Julia , Douglas Gail , Muarry Jenni 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo review the literature reporting factors that are associated with the delivery of lifestyle support in general dental practice.MethodsA systematic review of the quantitative observational studies describing activities to promote the general health of adults in primary care general dental practice. Behavior change included tobacco cessation, alcohol reduction, diet, weight management, and physical activity. Tooth brushing and oral hygiene behaviors were excluded as the focus of this review was on the common risk factors that affect general health as well as oral health.ResultsSix cross sectional studies met the inclusion criteria. Five studies only reported activities to support tobacco cessation. As well as tobacco cessation one study also reported activities related to alcohol usage, physical activity, and Body Mass Index. Perceptions of time availability consistently correlated with activities and beliefs about tobacco cessation, alongside the smoking status of the dental professional. Dentists who perceive having more available time were more likely to discuss smoking with patients, prescribe smoking cessation treatments and direct patients toward (signpost to) lifestyle support services. Dental professionals who smoke were less likely to give smoking cessation advice and counselling than nonsmokers. Finally, the data showed that professional support may be relevant. Professionals who work in solo practices or those who felt a lack of support from the wider professional team (peer support) were more likely to report barriers to delivering lifestyle support.ConclusionOrganizational changes in dental practices to encourage more team working and professional time for lifestyle support may influence delivery. Dental professionals who are smokers may require training to develop their beliefs about the effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions.
Weather correlates of temporal activity patterns in a desert lizard: insights for designing more effective surveys
Authors: Treilibs C. E. , Pavey C. R. , Raghu S. , M. Bull C. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractImperfect detection of individuals within an animal population can bias estimates of abundance and other population metrics. However, detectability may be improved by timing surveys with conditions that increase detection among individuals of the population. We explored the weather conditions that promote surface activity in a burrowing desert lizard, Slater's skink Liopholis slateri, with the aim of increasing detectability in observational surveys for this endangered species. We matched repeated count data (n = 126) of individuals within a population of Slater's skink sampled across four survey years with corresponding weather observations. We used classification and regression tree (CART) models to determine the environmental conditions that promoted high skink counts, and by inference high levels of surface activity. We also investigated how individual activity patterns varied over a day–night cycle through the course of a survey year using remote infrared cameras at burrow entrances set to capture images every 30 min. We found that two weather variables, air temperature and humidity, influenced activity levels, but there was no consistent single covariate, or set of covariates that explained surface activity. Variation in results of analysis between morning and evening datasets suggests that lizards respond to different weather conditions at different times of the day. We also found evidence of previously unreported nocturnal activity during the hottest months of the year.
Effects of Task Complexity on L2 Writing Behaviors and Linguistic Complexity
Authors: Révész Andrea , Kourtali Nektaria‐Efstathia , Mazgutova Diana 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis study investigated whether task complexity influences second language (L2) writers’ fluency, pausing, and revision behaviors and the cognitive processes underlying these behaviors; whether task complexity affects linguistic complexity of written output; and whether relationships between writing behaviors and linguistic complexity are moderated by task complexity. Participants were 73 advanced L2 writers, who completed simple or complex essay tasks. Task complexity was operationalized as the absence versus presence of content support. Participants’ writing behaviors were recorded via keystroke logging software. Four writers, drawn from groups performing simple and complex tasks, additionally engaged in stimulated recall. Content support was found to lead to less pausing, more revision, and increased linguistic complexity. When content support was absent, more frequent pauses and revisions were associated with less sophisticated lexis. These results, combined with stimulated recall comments, suggest that content support likely reduced processing burden on planning processes, facilitating attention to linguistic encoding.Open PracticesThis article has been awarded an Open Materials badge. All materials are publicly accessible in the IRIS digital repository at http://www.iris-database.org. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science: https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki.
Neuroendocrine profiles associated with discrete behavioural variation in Symphodus ocellatus, a species with male alternative reproductive tactics
Authors: Nugent B. M. , Stiver K. A. , Alonzo S. H. , Hofmann H. A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe molecular mechanisms underlying phenotypic plasticity are not well understood. Identifying mechanisms underlying alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs) in species for which the behavioural and fitness consequences of this variation are well characterized provides an opportunity to integrate evolutionary and mechanistic understanding of the maintenance of variation within populations. In the ocellated wrasse Symphodus ocellatus, the behavioural phenotypes of three distinct male morphs (sneakers, satellites and nesting males), which arise from a single genome, have been thoroughly characterized. To determine the neuroendocrine and genomic mechanisms associated with discrete phenotypic variation and ARTs in S. ocellatus in their natural environment, we constructed a whole‐brain de novo transcriptome and compared global patterns of gene expression between sexes and male morphs. Next, we quantified circulating cortisol and 11‐ketotestosterone (11‐kt), mediators of male reproductive behaviours, as well as stress and gonadal steroid hormone receptor expression in the preoptic area, ventral subpallial division of the telencephalon and dorsolateral telencephalon, critical brain regions for social and reproductive behaviours. We found higher levels of 11‐kt in nesting males and higher levels of cortisol in sneaker males relative to other male morphs and females. We also identified distinct patterns of brain region‐specific hormone receptor expression between males such that most hormone receptors are more highly expressed in satellites and nesting males relative to sneakers and females. Our results establish the neuroendocrine and molecular mechanisms that underlie ARTs in the wild and provide a foundation for experimentally testing hypotheses about the relationship between neuromolecular processes and reproductive success.
FAUSTMANN'S FORMULAS FOR FORESTS
Authors: CAIRNS ROBERT D. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe canonical, Faustmannian forest is revisited to sharpen understanding of forests as forms of irreversibly invested capital. Investment and two r‐percent rules are discussed and re‐interpreted. A forest's two natural resources, the stand and the land, act in conjunction as a composite, sunk asset. All returns are attributed to the composite. Nonmarketed or intangible capital is also absorbed into the composite. If capital is comprehensively defined, there is no independent role for the concept of an internal rate of return. A forest provides real options in optimal and suboptimal rotation patterns. Old growth has superficial similarities to an exhaustible resource, but the forest still consists of two resources that, in conjunction, behave comparably to a plantation forest. Nonconvexities inherent in the benefits and costs of forest use indicate that implementing a sustainable program may be very difficult.
USE OF AGE‐ AND STAGE‐STRUCTURED MATRIX MODELS TO PREDICT LIFE HISTORY SCHEDULES FOR SEMELPAROUS POPULATIONS
Authors: DAVISON RAZIEL J. , SATTERTHWAITE WILLIAM H. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMany studies of semelparous salmon populations use Leslie matrices that classify individuals on the basis of age alone and do not explicitly impose death upon reproduction. Although these models may suffice for studying long‐term population dynamics (like asymptotic growth rate), they do not accurately represent the diversity of individual life history outcomes in semelparous populations. Cohorts breeding at different ages have different life history traits (e.g., age at first reproduction and remaining life expectancy) that are obscured in Leslie models and this distorts our understanding of life history diversity and its importance for semelparous population dynamics. We present a simple transformation that uses age‐specific breeding probabilities to reconfigure Leslie matrices as explicitly semelparous models. Explicitly semelparous models conserve asymptotic measures like population growth rate, vital rate elasticities, life expectancy at birth, and generation time but also better predict life history schedules and reproductive values. Strictly age‐classified Leslie models underestimate ages at first reproduction and mean ages at death for older breeders but overestimate mean ages at death for early breeders. Leslie models also slightly overestimate variance in lifetime reproductive success, and underestimate entropy exhibited by life history outcomes.
Oral healthcare management in Bardet Biedl syndrome
Authors: Hassona Yazan , Kasabreh Najla , Hammoudeh Hanin , Scully Crispian 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTBardet Biedl syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with variable clinical presentation and challenging diagnosis. Recognition of orofacial features might help in the diagnosis. Dental management of affected patients might be complicated by renal, cardiac, metabolic, neurosensory, and cognitive defects.
SCOPED‐W: SCalable Online Platform for extracting Environmental Data and Water‐related model outputs
Authors: Guigoz Yaniss , Lacroix Pierre , Rouholahnejad Elham , Ray Nicolas , Giuliani Grégory 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis article presents SCOPED, an innovative approach for extracting environmental data using OGC services. In the field of water resource management, SCOPED‐W (‘W’ for ‘Water’) is a method that was developed in the framework of EU/FP7 IASON and EOPOWER projects. This platform supports the collection of data required to build a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model and the uptake, spatialization and dissemination of raw data generated from the outputs of different SWAT models for the Black Sea region. Scientists are documenting the data served by the platform in ISO standardized metadata to support informed use. SCOPED‐W primarily targets the community of SWAT users in the Black Sea region but it can easily be replicated in other geographical areas. Additionally, the SCOPED approach is based on data interoperability that makes it fully compatible with other domains of application as demonstrated here with three original use cases. The article also highlights the benefits of the approach for the GEO community and discusses future improvements for supporting integration with other platforms such as UNEP Live.
Almost commuting self-adjoint matrices: The real and self-dual cases
Authors: Loring Terry A. , Sørensen Adam P. W. 
Published: August 2016

We show that a pair of almost commuting self-adjoint, symmetric matrices is close to a pair of commuting self-adjoint, symmetric matrices (in a uniform way). Moreover, we prove that the same holds with self-dual in place of symmetric and also for paths of self-adjoint matrices. Since a symmetric, self-adjoint matrix is real, we get a real version of Huaxin Lin’s famous theorem on almost commuting matrices. Similarly, the self-dual case gives a version for matrices over the quaternions.To prove these results, we develop a theory of semiprojectivity for real [Formula: see text]-algebras and also examine various definitions of low-rank for real [Formula: see text]-algebras.
Immune-Stimulatory Effects of Rapamycin Are Mediated by Stimulation of Antitumor γδ T Cells
Authors: Dao Vinh , Liu Yang , Pandeswara Srilakshmi , Svatek Robert S. , Gelfond Jonathan A. , Liu Aijie , Hurez Vincent , Curiel Tyler J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe FDA-approved mTOR inhibitor rapamycin mediates important immune effects, but its contributions to the anticancer effects of the drug are unclear. Here we report evidence that rapamycin-mediated cancer protection relies upon stimulation of γδ T cells. In a well-established mouse model of carcinogen and inflammation-driven skin carcinogenesis, IFNγ recruited γδ TCRmid T cells to the epidermis where rapamycin boosted their perforin-dependent antitumor properties. These antitumor cells were mostly Vγ5−Vγ4−Vγ1− in phenotype. IFNγ signals were required in both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells for rapamycin to optimally promote epidermal infiltration of γδ TCRmid T cells, as mediated by CXCR3–CXCL10 interactions, along with the antitumor effects of these cells. In mouse xenograft models of human squamous cell carcinoma, rapamycin improved human γδ T-cell–mediated cancer cell killing. Our results identify immune mechanisms for the cancer prevention and treatment properties of rapamycin, challenging the paradigm that mTOR inhibition acts primarily by direct action on tumor cells. Cancer Res; 76(20); 5970–82. ©2016 AACR.
Tumor Eradication by Cisplatin Is Sustained by CD80/86-Mediated Costimulation of CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Beyranvand Nejad Elham , van der Sluis Tetje C. , van Duikeren Suzanne , Yagita Hideo , Janssen George M. , van Veelen Peter A. , Melief Cornelis J.M. , van der Burg Sjoerd H. , Arens Ramon 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Certain cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs are immunogenic, stimulating tumor immunity through mechanisms that are not completely understood. Here we show how the DNA-damaging drug cisplatin modulates tumor immunity. At the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), cisplatin cured 50% of mice with established murine TC-1 or C3 tumors, which are preclinical models of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancer. Notably, the curative benefit of cisplatin relied entirely upon induction of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells. Mechanistic investigations showed that cisplatin stimulated tumor infiltration of inflammatory antigen-presenting cells (APC) expressing relatively higher levels of the T-cell costimulatory ligands CD70, CD80, and CD86. Cell death triggered by cisplatin was associated with the release of at least 19 proteins in the tumor environment that could act as damage-associated molecular patterns and upregulate costimulatory molecules, either alone or in concert, but the responsible proteins remain unknown. Essentially, the curative effect of cisplatin was abrogated in mice lacking expression of CD80 and CD86 on APCs. Furthermore, cisplatin treatment was improved by CTLA-4 blockade, which increases the availability of CD80/86 to bind to CD28. In contrast, there was no effect of CD27 stimulation, which replaces CD70 interaction. At the cisplatin MTD, cure rates could also be increased by vaccination with synthetic long peptides, whereas cures could also be achieved at similar rates at 80% of the MTD with reduced side effects. Our findings reveal an essential basis for the immunogenic properties of cisplatin, which are mediated by the induction of costimulatory signals for CD8+ T-cell–dependent tumor destruction. Cancer Res; 76(20); 6017–29. ©2016 AACR.