bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Sweetpotato Whitefly in Bush Bean, 1992
Authors: Seal Dakshina R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Bush bean was planted in a Rockdale soil on 7 May and spaced 2.5 cm in the row and 0.9 m between rows. Plants were fertilized with 1908.6 kg/ha of granular fertilizer on two dates, at planting and four weeks after planting. Bean was irrigated, 1.3 cm per irrigation, once a week and mechanically weeded whenever necessary. The experimental design consisted of a randomized block replicated four times. Plots were four rows, 12.2 m long. Four treatments of two insecticides were compared with nontreated check. Treatments were EXP 60598A at the rates of 0.03, 0.04, and 0.06 kg Al/ha, and EXP 60145A at the rate of 0.04 kg Al/ha. Treatments were applied weekly for five weeks, beginning on 6 June 1992 with a tractor mounted hypro-pump and delivered 247 gal water/ha. Whitefly numbers were estimated by counting adults on 20 leaves in each treatment plot.
Control of Cabbage Looper and Diamondback Moth on Cabbage, Spring, 1993
Authors: Rowland S. , Cartwright B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Six week old cabbage plants were transplanted into a Bernow series sandy loam soil on 29 Mar at the Wes Watkins AREC Lane, OK. Plots one row wide by 4.6 m long were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. One unplanted row between rows and 3 m within rows served as spray buffers. Doublerow beds were spaced 0.9 m apart with 30 cm between plants within rows. Standard cultural practices were used throughout the trial. All treatments were applied on 4, 14, 19 and 25 May and 2, 10 Jun using a CO2-powered backpack sprayer calibrated on 3 May @ 205.2 liters per acre. The sprayer was equipped with two TX-26 (hollow cone) spray nozzles spaced 46 cm apart and directed inward towards the base of the plants. On each sample date, five randomly selected plants per plot were sampled for CL, DBM and other lepidopterous larvae. Larvae were categorized as small (CL: instar 1 or 2; DBM—instar 1, 2 or 3) or large (CL—instar 3 or 4; DBM—instar 4, 5 or 6). All heads were harvested on 2 Jul and evaluated for insect feeding damage according to the following scale: 1 = no wrapper leaf damage, no head damage, 2 = wrapper leaf damage, no head damage, 3 = light head damage (3 or less feeding holes), 4 = moderate/severe head damage (&gt;3 feeding holes). Heads rated 1 or 2 were considered marketable in accordance with USDA market standards.
Insecticide Control of Sweetpotato Whitefly on Spring Cantaloupe, 1992
Authors: Chu C. C. , Henneberry T. J. , Akey D. H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Seeds of cantaloupe were planted at 5 seeds/hill and irrigated for germination on 25 Feb 1992. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications. Each plot was two rows wide and 20 ft long. Rows were 40 inches apart. There were two unplanted buffer rows between plots and 20 ft alleys that separated blocks. A total of 15 chemicals or mixtures of chemicals was evaluated. An untreated control was included for comparison. Chemicals were foliar applied biweekly with a John Deere 700 High Cycle Sprayer from 17 Mar when plants were at the cotyledon stage to 5 Jun when melons were matured for harvest (6 applications). The sprayer was operated at 90 psi with three nozzles per row to deliver 20 gal of water/acre. One nozzle was positioned above the tops of plants and one on each side of the plants. Except at the cotyledon stage, the fourth expanded leaf from the terminal of main stem or branched vines was picked 1 day before and 2 days after each application. Sweetpotato whitefly (SPWF) immatures were counted from both sides of ten 12 cm: leaf disks sampled from leaves from each plot, before and after each chemical application. All melons were harvested from all plots. Marketable melons were sized as jumbo, 27 and 36 and totaled.
Cabbage Looper Control, Johnston Co., 1993
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Wade Holloway C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Old Fashion Cabbage’ collards were transplanted for Test 1 in late Jun and for Test 2 in early Aug, near Benson, NC Single row plots, 14 ft long were used in Test 1, and 10 ft plots were used in Test 2. Both tests had a 42 inch row spacing and were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Alleys of 5 ft were used between replicates. Treatments in Test 1 and Test 2 were applied with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer with a single, hollow cone nozzle (18X) operated at 60 psi to deliver 54.5 gal/acre. Applications with Triton AG-98 (spreader) were made with all treatments to Test 1 on 12, 19, and 25 Aug and 1 Sep and to Test 2 on 30 Aug and 8, 13 and 20 Sep, with additional AT1720F (Neem) applications on 3, 10, 17 and 24 Sep to some plots.
Thrips Control on Onions, 1994
Authors: Webb D. R. , Hessney M. L. , Eckenrode C. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was located in Potter, New York, on Franjo Farms where treatments were applied to onions previously left unsprayed to allow for population increases. Plots consisted of two double rows 25 ft long replicated four times. There were two double-buffer rows between each treatment with a 5 ft buffer between replications. A single spray was applied on 17 Aug using a CO2 backpack sprayer equipped with 4 nozzles and delivering 100 gal water/acre. A sticker (Bond) and a wetter (Silwet) were applied to all treatments at the rate of 8 fl oz in 100 gal water. Thrips counts on 25 plants/treatment/replication were made by direct observation in the field using a 10X head visor.
Control of Melon Thrips on Pepper, Spring, 1994
Authors: Seal Dakshina R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in a 0.4 ha field of rockdale soil located in Homestead, FL. ‘Jalapeno’ pepper transplants were set in the field onto raised black polyethylene mulch covered beds following recommended cultural practices on 20 Mar 1994. Beds were 71.1 cm wide and spaced 139.5 cm apart from center to center. The field was cultivated weekly to clean weeds between the rows. Fertilizer was applied in kg/ha at 366 N, 732 P, 732 K on two dates; at planting and 4 wk after planting. The field was irrigated by drip system at weekly intervals delivering approximately 5 cm depth. Plots were 4 rows each 7.6 m long. Eight treatments were arranged in randomized complete blocks with 4 replications. Chemicals were applied on 15, 23, 30 May, and 5 Jun 1994 with a backpack sprayer using 2 nozzles/row delivering 124 gal/ha at 40 psi. Treatments were evaluated by randomly collecting a sample of 25 leaves from the center of two middle rows of each treatment 24 h after each insecticide application. Leaf samples were placed separately in one-liter plastic cups and transported to the laboratory. Thrips were separated from the leaves by washing with 70% ethanol, and the number of adults and larvae in each sample were recorded.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control on Potatoes with ATI-720, 1994
Authors: Linduska James J. , Ross Marylee , Mulford Karen , Nottingham John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Kennebec’ potatoes were planted in 20 foot rows on 11 Apr, ‘94. Plots consisted of a single treatment row. The distance between rows was 64 inches and the distance between plants within the row was 10 inches. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk “ A ” loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 1.5 gallons of water and applied with a custom built compressed air row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by 6 drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/acre at 30 psi. Treatments were applied 31 May; 8, 15 and 23 Jun. In evaluating the treatments, direct counts of the number of CPB adults, larvae and egg masses/10 plants and the % defoliation were recorded. Defoliation categories were assigned using a pretransformed defoliation rating scale, based on dividing 90° into 13 steps corresponding to arcsin transformation values (Little & Hills 1978). Yields were taken on 8 Jul from 20 feet of row.
Control of Lepidopterans in Canola, 1994
Authors: Tanigoshi L. K. , Murray Todd A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Plots were planted 9 May on the Washington State University campus, Pullman, WA, with a small plot drill at a seeding rate of 6 lb/acre in 7 rows 6 inches apart. Plots were 20 × 20 ft, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Six treatments of Biobit were applied on 22 Jul to water stressed plants in the pod-fill stage, with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer. It was equipped with a 6.75 ft boom and 6 XR Teejet 8002 flat fan nozzles with 100 mesh screen on 19 inch spacing and calibrated to deliver 21.3 gpa at 30 psi. Applications were applied at 7 am and the maximum temperatures during the sampling interval were 88-90°F. Efficacy was evaluated at 3 and 10 DAT with 2 (180°) sweeps with a standard 15 inch diam sweep net. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and means separated by Fisher’s LSD.
Efficacy of two Pyrethroids Against Bollworms Under a Traditional and an Extended Spray Interval Approach in Southern North Carolina, 1994
Authors: Bacheler J. S. , Mott D. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cotton was planted on 25 Apr in a Marlboro sandy loam soil near Johns, NC, in Scotland County. Recommended practices for fertility and weed control were followed and 0.75 lb (AI)/acre Temik 15G was used at planting for thrips. A RCBD with 5 replicates and 6-row (38 inch centers) × 50 ft plots with 8 ft alleys were utilized. Treatments were applied with a backpack CO2- pressurized sprayer calibrated to deliver 8.0 gpa at 50 psi. Initial application for all treatments, based upon exceeding a threshold of 10 eggs per 100 terminals, was made on 17 Jul. The second application for the Baythroid 0.028 lb (AI)/acre, ‘start only’ treatment was made on 22 Jul, while the Baythroid at 0.045 lb (AI)/acre regular start treatment received only the initial application. The Baythroid at 0.028 lb (AI)/acre, scouting-based plot was treated on 17, 22 Jul, 4 and 24 Aug. The Baythroid at 0.045 lb (ALVacre, extended, 14-d interval plot was treated on 17, 31 Jul, 14 and 24 Aug. A final Baythroid 0.028 lb (AI)/acre, extended, 14-d interval treatment was likewise treated on 17, 31 Jul, 14 and 24 Aug. Karate at 0.025 lb (AI)/acre was treated at the scouting-based schedule of 17, 22 Jul, 4 and 24 Aug, and the same material at 0.04 lb (AI)/acre on the extended 14-d interval was applied on 17, 31 Jul, 14 and 24 Aug. Twenty five bolls in all plots were evaluated for BW damage and live larvae on 28 Jul and 11 Aug and for both BW and ECB-damaged bolls and live larvae on 7 Sep. Data were subjected to ANOVA and DMRT.
Efficacy of Selected Insecticide Mixtures for Control of the Bollworm/Tobacco Budworm Complex, 1994
Authors: Micinski S. , Fitzpatrick B. J. , Forrester F. D. , Graves J. B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Fourteen insecticide treatments were evaluated at the Red River Research Station, Bossier City, LA, to determine their efficacy in controlling the bollworm/tobacco budworm complex on cotton. Cotton was planted 28 Apr and plots were 4 rows × 30.5 m on 102 cm centers. All plots had Temik 15G (0.56 kg (ALVha) and Terraclor Super-X 10-2.5G (1.12 + 0.28 kg (AI)/ha) applied infurrow at planting. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. All plots were oversprayed with Vydate C-LV (0.28 kg (AI)/ha) for plant bugs and weevils on 17 Jun. Plots were oversprayed for the bollworm/tobacco budworm complex before and after the trial with Karate 1EC (0.034 kg (AI)/ha) and Baythroid 2EC + Orthene 90SP (0.031 + 1.12 kg (AI)/ha) on 30 Jun and 26 Aug, respectively. During the trial, plots were oversprayed with Methyl Parathion 4EC at 0.28 and 0.37 kg (AI)/ha on 5 and 10 Aug, respectively. Insecticide treatments were applied in 52.4 liters of finished spray solution/ha at 4.22 kg/cm2 with TX-3 hollow-cone nozzles spaced 50.8 cm apart (2 nozzles/row). Treatments were applied with a high-clearance sprayer equipped with a CO2 system for spraying small plots. Treatments were applied on 20, 26 Jul, 2, 12, and 19 Aug. The 10-day interval between sprays in early Aug resulted from a 5.54-cm rainfall on 8 Aug. Infestations of larvae and square damage were monitored on 25, 28 Jul, 4, and 16 Aug. During the trial, the bollworm was the predominant species. Yields were determined by mechanically harvesting the center 2 rows of each plot on 21 Oct.
Foliar Rescue Insecticide Applications for Management of Russian Wheat Aphids in South Dakota Winter Wheat, 1994
Authors: Boetel M. A. , Fuller B. W. , Brinkman M. A. , Catangui M. A. , Kahler E. M. , Jenson J. M. , Thompson D. J. , Nelson D. J. , Kieckhefer R. W. , Beck D. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
An upland site on the South Dakota State University Agronomy Farm, Brookings, SD, was chosen to evaluate the efficacy of several foliar-applied rescue insecticide treatments for control of RWA. Soil on the site was classified as a Barnes clay loam (mixed Udic Haploboroll).
Surface Application and Subsurface Placement of Synthetic Insecticides and a Bacillus Thureng1Ensis Formulation for Control of Northern Masked Chafer and Japanese Beetle Larvae on A Golf Course Fairway, 1994
Authors: Power K. T. , Shetlar D. J. , Niemczyk H. D. , Belcher M. G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The study was located on a golf course fairway and rough at Akron, OH. Insecticides were applied 17 Aug to plots 8 × 10 ft (2.4 × 3.1 m) arranged in a RCB, replicated 4 times. Liquid treatments were surface applied with a CO2 sprayer with Teejet XR8010VS nozzles at 30 psi (2.11 kg/cm2) pressure that delivered a volume of 3.1 gal/1000 ft2 (1262 liter/ha). BT treatments received VA inch (6 mm) irrigation immediately after each plot was treated. Subsurface treatments were placed using a Cushman Ryan prototype applicator which cut 11 slits into the turf on 2 inch (5.1 cm) centers and deposited granules Vi to 3A inch (ca 2 cm) deep. Surface granular materials were applied using a drop spreader. The entire experimental area was irrigated approximately lA inch (6 mm) of water after all treatments were applied using the golf course system. Environmental conditions at the time of treatment were as follows. Population: ca 20/ft2; 50% NMC, 20% 1st and 80% 2nd instars; 50% JB, eggs present, 40% 1st and 60% 2nd instars, 60 larvae/ft2. Turf: level, dry, 1.25 to 2 inches (3 to 5 cm) height, 40% bentgrass, 30% Kentucky bluegrass, and 30% annual bluegrass. Thatch: none. Soil: moist, 82°F at 1 inch (2.5 cm) and 77°F at 3 inches (7.6 cm). Weather: cloudy, 81°F, 0 mph. Efficacy data taken 27 Sep (41 DAT) were based on the number of live larvae in four 7 × 7 inch (17.8 × 17.8 cm) from each plot. Analysis was done on plot totals and means separated by LSD test.
Mole Cricket Control on Golf Course Fairways in North Carolina, 1994
Authors: Hertl P. T. , Brandenburg R. L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A bermudagrass fairway at Fox Squirrel Country Club in Brunswick Co., NC was used to evaluate rates and methods of application of four granular insecticides for control of the newly hatched nymphs of the tawny mole cricket. Plots 12 ft × 80 ft were established in an area showing damage from a moderate infestation and the treatments were randomly assigned with four replicates. Broadcast treatments were applied using a standard push type Lesco fertilizer spreader to deliver the appropriate amount of insecticide to the plots. All other treatments were applied using a tractor drawn Candy® slit-seeder modified for granular formulation application and operating at 1.9 mph to place the materials one inch deep in the soil. Treatment took place on 21 Jul. The soil was 68°F (4 inch) and moist at the time of application. Soil type was mineral with 0.5% humic matter and a pH of 5.2. The entire test was irrigated with 0.5 inch of water after the chemicals were applied. Pretreatment sampling showed the presence of young nymphs. Plots were evaluated on 9, 18, 25 Aug and 8 Sep (19, 28, 35, and 49 DAT, respectively). Damage evaluations were conducted using a damage rating grid (Dr. Pate Cobb, Auburn University) divided into 9 squares. Plots were evaluated by randomly placing the grid in each plot and examining each subsection of the grid for fresh damage. A damage rating is given from 0 to 9 depending on the number of squares that contain fresh damage. This was done twice in each plot and the damage averaged. All data were transformed Vx + 0.5 prior to analysis. Actual means are presented in the table.
Control of Mites and Thrips on Turfgrass, Golden, Co 1990
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was established 27 Apr along a turfgrass sward in a highway median near Golden. Plots were 7-ft × 7-ft, arranged in a RCB with 4 replications. Sprays were applied in a liquid volume equivalent to 5 gal/1000 ft2. Evaluations were made 4 and 22 May using a D-Vac suction sampler, of 15-inch diameter, making 6 put-downs/plot.
Spring Management of Bluegrass Billbug with Merit 75Wsp and Vector Tl at the Valentine Turfgrass Research Center, University Park, Pa, 1994
Authors: Heller P. R. , Walker R. , Silcox C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The field plot consisted primarily of Kentucky bluegrass. Treatment plots were 6 × 9 ft, arranged in a RCB design, replicated 4 times. Two ft untreated barriers were placed between each treatment replicate. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and delivering 5 gal/1000 ft2. At treatment time (31 May), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 78°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 76°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 66°F; RH, 80%; amount of thatch, 0.25-0.5 inches; soil type, silt-clay-loam; soil particle size analysis: 16.0% sand, 54.2% silt, 29.8% clay; organic matter, 5.0%; soil moisture (oven baked), 14.7%; water pH, 6-7; soil pH, 6.9; and skies were clear. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.25 inches of water. Posttreatment counts were made 30 DAT (30 Jun). Bluegrass billbug control was evaluated by removing four 0.087 ft2 sod samples from each replicate, and the total number of bluegrass billbug life stages (larva, pupa, adult) were recorded from each sample and converted to a ft2 count. Sod samples were removed with a 4-inch cup cutter. Billbug feeding damage rating was recorded on 12 Jul. Each 54 ft2 replicate was rated by determining larval feeding damage based on color ratings.\
Spray Table Evaluation of Brigade and Dibrom for Control of Bertha Armyworm on Hops, 1994
Authors: Cone W. W. , Miller R. H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Bertha armyworm larvae were collected from mature hops from yards located in the lower Yakima Valley of Washington state. Worms were maintained on picked hop leaves in the refrigerator at about 14°C until tested. In an initial test, five worms were placed in each of 4 square polyethylene petri dishes and various concentrations of Brigade applied using a spray table. An H20 check was included in the spray series. Following treatment, counts were made of worms at three post spraying intervals (PT), the number of dead worms noted and percent mortality was computed. The same experimental protocol was followed in a second test, except that Dibrom was included as a treatment and worm mortality was assessed hourly for four hours.
Development of a Filter-Paper Bioassay for Sugarbeet Root Aphid, 1993
Authors: Campbell C. D. , Hutchison W. D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A bioassay was developed for first-instar SRA using micro-encapsulated diazinon (Diazinon 2FE; formulation 2340-1). Nymphs were collected by isolating individual, apterous adults in small cages fastened to hydroponic growth pouches (Campbell & Hutchison [1995], Can. Entomol. 127:[in press]). The colony had been in laboratory culture for approximately two years, with supplemental aphids added each year during summer months. Adults were allowed to larviposit for 24 h. The resulting cohort of first instars was assumed to have an average age of 12 h. A series of 6 dilutions was prepared from a stock solution of formulated product and distilled water. Filter paper discs (5.5 cm diam.) were soaked to saturation in each dilution (as well as a distilled water check) and placed in a 6.0- cm petri dish to dry. Approximately 60 nymphs were placed in each dish when the filter paper appeared dry, but was still moist enough to stick to the dish (1 h). Dishes were sealed with parafilm, held at 20°C for 24 h, and then checked for mortality. Dead nymphs and those exhibiting functional mortality (i.e., inability to walk, uncoordinated movement, etc.) were recorded as dead. The bioassay, using a new serial dilution for each, was repeated three times. Data were analyzed using the PROBIT procedure of SAS, which accounted for control mortality prior to fitting the model.
Blueberry Maggot Control, Jonesboro, 1994
Authors: Collins J. A. , Forsythe H. Y. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Malathion was applied in a bearing blueberry field at Jonesboro, Maine on 11 and 18 Jul, Mavrik on 11 and 27 Jul, and Imidan on 12 Jul. Plot size was ca. 100- by 275-ft for the former 2 treatments; the Imidan plot was ca. 425- by 425-ft and the untreated area was ca. 100- by 200-ft. There was one replication of each treatment, applied at a rate of 25 gal/acre using a CIMA P55D Atomizer Low Volume sprayer mounted on an Agco Allis 6670 tractor operating at 40 psi and driven at ca. 1.8 mph. At first treatment, ca. 5% of the berries were ripening and turning blue. On 8 Aug, one quart of berries was raked from each of 9 or 10 systematically selected areas within each treated and untreated area at least 25 ft from plot boundaries. Berries were refrigerated and processed within 3 days by boiling the berries and extracting the maggots from the pulp. The only significant weather conditions during this test were rains of 1.12 and 0.78 inches occurring on 19 and 27 Jul, respectively; Mavrik was applied after the rainfall on 27 Jul.
Insecticide Evaluations Against Soil Insect Pests of Blueberries, 1994
Authors: Polavarapu S. , Pavlis G. C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was conducted in a nonbearing 3-year-old ‘bluecrop’ blueberry field, near Hammonton, NJ. Soils at this location were sandy loam with 4.7 pH and irrigated season long. Blueberry bushes were approximately 3-4 ft tall and spaced 3 × 8 ft apart. Treatments were replicated 6 times in a randomized complete block design with each replicate consisting of 48-ft-long rows with 10-12 bushes in 2 to 4 rows. Treatments were separated by at least 2 unsprayed rows and 4 unsprayed plants within a row that served as buffer. Insecticides were applied as a 1-ft band on both sides of the plant for a total of 96 sq ft of treated area per replication. Granular insecticides were applied by spreading the granules evenly by hand and incorporated to a depth of 1-2 inches using a hand hoe. Liquid formulations were applied with a CO2 pressurized Model T backpack sprayer (R&D Sprayers) equipped with a single TeeJet nozzle (8002VS) operated at 35 psi. Insecticides were applied twice, on 3 Jun and 24 Aug. Insecticides were sprayed using 1.5 liters of water per replicate on 3 Jun and 1 liter on 24 Aug (30—45 gal/acre). Following each application the field was irrigated by drip irrigation with at least 1 inch of water. Treatment effects were evaluated by examining soil and roots in 1-ft-diameter by 1-ft deep areas around the plants (2 plants/replicate) for whitegrubs (including OB, JB, AGB) and mealybugs. Colonies of newly hatched nymphs of mealybugs were counted separately. Plants were sampled between 20-27 Jun following the first application and between 12-19 Sep following the second application.