bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Scattering Outcomes of Kepler Circumbinary Planets: Planet Mass Ratio
Authors: Gong Yan-Xiang , Ji Jianghui 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Recent studies reveal that the free eccentricities of Kepler-34b and Kepler-413b are much larger than their forced eccentricities, implying that scattering events may take place in their formation. The observed orbital configuration of Kepler-34b cannot be well reproduced in disk-driven migration models, whereas a two-planet scattering scenario can play a significant role of shaping the planetary configuration. These studies indicate that circumbinary planets discovered by Kepler may have experienced scattering process. In this work, we extensively investigate the scattering outcomes of circumbinary planets focusing on the effects of planet mass ratio. We find that the planetary mass ratio and the the initial relative locations of planets act as two important parameters that affect the eccentricity distribution of the surviving planets. As an application of our model, we discuss the observed orbital configurations of Kepler-34b and Kepler-413b. We first adopt the results from the disk-driven models as the initial conditions, then simulate the scattering process that occurs in the late evolution stage of circumbinary planets. We show that the present orbital configurations of Kepler-34b and Kepler-413b can be well reproduced when considering a two unequal-mass planet ejection model. Our work further suggests that some of the currently discovered circumbinary single-planet systems may be survivors of original multiple-planet systems. The disk-driven migration and scattering events occurring in the late stage both play an irreplaceable role in sculpting the final systems.
Near-UV OH Prompt Emission in the Innermost Coma of 103P/Hartley 2
Authors: La Forgia Fiorangela , Bodewits Dennis , A’Hearn Michael F. , Protopapa Silvia , Kelley Michael S. P. , Sunshine Jessica , Feaga Lori , Farnham Tony 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The Deep Impact spacecraft flyby of comet 103P/Hartley 2 occurred on 2010 November 4, 1 week after perihelion with a closest approach (CA) distance of about 700 km. We used narrowband images obtained by the Medium Resolution Imager on board the spacecraft to study the gas and dust in the innermost coma. We derived an overall dust reddening of 15%/100 nm between 345 and 749 nm and identified a blue enhancement in the dust coma in the sunward direction within 5 km from the nucleus, which we interpret as a localized enrichment in water ice. OH column density maps show an anti-sunward enhancement throughout the encounter, except for the highest-resolution images, acquired at CA, where a radial jet becomes visible in the innermost coma, extending up to 12 km from the nucleus. The OH distribution in the inner coma is very different from that expected for a fragment species. Instead, it correlates well with the water vapor map derived by the HRI-IR instrument on board Deep Impact. Radial profiles of the OH column density and derived water production rates show an excess of OH emission during CA that cannot be explained with pure fluorescence. We attribute this excess to a prompt emission process where photodissociation of H2O directly produces excited OH*(A
2Σ+) radicals. Our observations provide the first direct imaging of near-UV prompt emission of OH. We therefore suggest the use of a dedicated filter centered at 318.8 nm to directly trace the water in the coma of comets.
A Reverse Shock and Unusual Radio Properties in GRB 160625B
Authors: Alexander K. D. , Laskar T. , Berger E. , Guidorzi C. , Dichiara S. , Fong W. , Gomboc A. , Kobayashi S. , Kopac D. , Mundell C. G. , Tanvir N. R. , Williams P. K. G. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
We present multi-wavelength observations and modeling of the exceptionally bright long γ-ray burst GRB 160625B. The optical and X-ray data are well fit by synchrotron emission from a collimated blastwave with an opening angle of

and kinetic energy of

erg, propagating into a low-density (

cm−3) medium with a uniform profile. The forward shock is sub-dominant in the radio band; instead, the radio emission is dominated by two additional components. The first component is consistent with emission from a reverse shock, indicating an initial Lorentz factor of

and an ejecta magnetization of

. The second component exhibits peculiar spectral and temporal evolution and is most likely the result of scattering of the radio emission by the turbulent Milky Way interstellar medium (ISM). Such scattering is expected in any sufficiently compact extragalactic source and has been seen in GRBs before, but the large amplitude and long duration of the variability seen here are qualitatively more similar to extreme scattering events previously observed in quasars, rather than normal interstellar scintillation effects. High-cadence, broadband radio observations of future GRBs are needed to fully characterize such effects, which can sensitively probe the properties of the ISM and must be taken into account before variability intrinsic to the GRB can be interpreted correctly.
Assessments of Ali, Dome A, and Summit Camp for mm-wave Observations Using MERRA-2 Reanalysis
Authors: Kuo Chao-Lin 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
NASA’s latest MERRA-2 reanalysis of the modern satellite measurements has made atmospheric data easily accessible with unprecedented uniformity, fidelity, and completeness. In this paper, these data are used to evaluate five sites for millimeter-wave (mm-wave) observations. These include two established sites (South Pole and Chajnantor, Atacama), and three new sites (Ali in Tibet, Dome A in Antarctica, and Summit Camp in Greenland). Atmospheric properties including precipitable water vapor (PWV), sky brightness temperature fluctuations, and ice and liquid water paths are derived and compared. Dome A emerges to be the best among those evaluated, with PWV and fluctuations smaller than the second-best site, South Pole, by more than a factor of 2. It is found that the higher site in Ali (6100 m) is on par with Cerro Chajnantor (5612 m) in terms of transmission and stability. The lower site in Ali (5250 m) planned for the first stage of observations at 90/150 GHz provides conditions comparable to those on the Chajnantor Plateau. These analyses confirm Ali to be an excellent mm-wave site in the Northern Hemisphere that will complement well-established Southern sites. According to MERRA-2 data, the observing conditions at Summit Camp are also comparable to Cerro Chajnantor. However, it is more affected by the presence of liquid water clouds.
Probing the Hot X-Ray Gas in the Narrow-line Region of Mrk 3
Authors: Bogdán Ákos , Kraft Ralph P. , Evans Daniel A. , Andrade-Santos Felipe , Forman William R. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
We study the prototypical Seyfert 2 galaxy, Markarian 3, based on imaging and high-resolution spectroscopy observations taken by Chandra. We construct a deconvolved X-ray image, which reveals the S-shaped morphology of the hot gas in the narrow-line region (NLR). While this morphology is similar to the radio and [O iii] emission, the distribution of the X-ray gas is broader than that obtained at these other wavelengths. By mapping the density and temperature distribution of the hot gas in the NLR, we demonstrate the presence of shocks toward the west (

) and east (

). Moreover, we compute the flux ratios between the [O iii] and 0.5–2 keV band X-ray luminosity and show that it is nonuniform in the NLR, with the western side of the NLR being more highly ionized. In addition, based on the Chandra grating data, we investigate the line ratios of the Si xiii triplet, which are not consistent with pure photoionization. Based on these results, we suggest that in the NLR of Mrk 3 both photoionization and collisional ionization act as excitation mechanisms. We conclude that the canonical picture, in which photoionization is solely responsible for exciting the interstellar medium in the NLR of Seyfert galaxies, may be overly simplistic. Given that weak and small-scale radio jets are commonly detected in Seyfert galaxies, it is possible that shock heating plays a non-negligible role in the NLR of these galaxies.
Déclin et renouveau de l’analyse de classe dans la sociologie britannique, 1945-2016
Authors: Savage Mike , Wirth Françoise 
Published: October 2017

Cet article explique les raisons de la renaissance de l’analyse de classe au sein de la sociologie britannique au cours des vingt dernières années et replace ce phénomène dans le contexte de plus long terme qui est celui du développement de la sociologie au Royaume-Uni depuis 1945. Il montre comment la question de la classe a été centrale dans le développement de la discipline après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, mais sous une forme qui faisait de l’ouvrier blanc la figure centrale de la « classe ouvrière ». À partir des années 1970, l’attention prêtée à cette figure s’est révélée problématique pour l’analyse de classe dans la mesure où ce point de vue semblait rendre la désindustrialisation, l’immigration et de nouveaux rapports de genres apparaissaient moins pertinents. L’article suggère que l’approche de classe « structurale » associée à John Goldthorpe et à ses collaborateurs est parvenue à défendre un modèle de classe relativement attractif, mais qui limitait la focale de l’analyse de classe. La dernière section de l’article montre comment au cours des deux dernières décennies, la sociologie de Pierre Bourdieu a été une contribution particulièrement importante qui a produit une approche riche et multidimensionnelle de l’analyse de classe. Il indique comment le succès avec lequel la Great British Class Survey a contribué à alimenter des discussions publiques au sujet de la classe inspiré par ces courants.
Raconter l’histoire d’une famille algérienne en France
Authors: Beaud Stéphane 
Published: October 2017

Comment saisir les effets contrastés d’une expérience migratoire sur plusieurs générations ? Sans se substituer aux données statistiques, les enquêtes ethnographiques s’avèrent particulièrement révélatrices, y compris sur les conditions de leur réalisation. C’est ce que montre Stéphane Beaud en revenant sur celles d’une enquête au long cours auprès d’une famille dont les parents sont venus d’Algérie en France, révélant au passage la subtilité des relations entre le sociologue et « ses » enquêtés ainsi que les effets de la recherche sur ces derniers.
Les politiques migratoires en Europe
Authors: Hamidi Camille , Fischer Nicolas 
Published: October 2017

Les politiques migratoires apparaissent particulièrement saillantes dans le débat public contemporain. Une mise en perspective historique permet de caractériser les nouveautés en la matière. Nous examinerons ensuite les modèles d’analyse permettant d’expliquer leur production. Par politiques migratoires, on entend l’« ensemble des politiques, des acteurs et des institutions qui régissent l’admission et l’intégration des migrants étrangers dans le pays d’accueil » [1, p. 454]. On se concentrera sur les politiques d’accueil, de séjour et d’asile – quand bien même l’asile relève théoriquement de problématiques différentes [2] –, et les politiques répressives, laissant de côté les politiques d’intégration et de gestion des droits des minorités 1 .
ARIH2 Ubiquitinates NLRP3 and Negatively Regulates NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Macrophages
Authors: Kawashima Akira , Karasawa Tadayoshi , Tago Kenji , Kimura Hiroaki , Kamata Ryo , Usui-Kawanishi Fumitake , Watanabe Sachiko , Ohta Satoshi , Funakoshi-Tago Megumi , Yanagisawa Ken , Kasahara Tadashi , Suzuki Koichi , Takahashi Masafumi 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain–like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a molecular platform that induces caspase-1 activation and subsequent IL-1β maturation, and is implicated in inflammatory diseases; however, little is known about the negative regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In this article, we identified an E3 ligase, Ariadne homolog 2 (ARIH2), as a posttranslational negative regulator of NLRP3 inflammasome activity in macrophages. ARIH2 interacted with NLRP3 via its NACHT domain (aa 220–575) in the NLRP3 inflammasome complex. In particular, we found that while using mutants of ARIH2 and ubiquitin, the really interesting new gene 2 domain of ARIH2 was required for NLRP3 ubiquitination linked through K48 and K63. Deletion of endogenous ARIH2 using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing inhibited NLRP3 ubiquitination and promoted NLRP3 inflammasome activation, resulting in apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain oligomerization, pro–IL-1β processing, and IL-1β production. Conversely, ARIH2 overexpression promoted NLRP3 ubiquitination and inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism of ubiquitination-dependent negative regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by ARIH2 and highlight ARIH2 as a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases.
Hervormde hermeneutiese perspektiewe op Skrifverstaan en die Nuwe Testament
Authors: Geyser Piet A. 
Published: October 2017

This article reflects on hermeneutics in the widest sense of the concept and not on the detailed technicalities from philosophical and other perspectives. Hermeneutics will be taken to refer to the whole act and process of understanding. It is done with special reference to how the understanding of Scripture and specifically the New Testament of theologians of the Netherdutch Reformed Church over the past seven decades, is reflected in the work in the HTS Theological Studies journal. It is clear that their approach to the understanding and concretisation of the message of the New Testament was one of greatest respect for Scripture. The basic tenet throughout was that the Word of God was to be found in the Bible. There was no assumption that Bible and Word of God were identified on one and the same level. Taking the Bible as literature seriously implied that the best scientific methods had to be found and implemented in this search for the meaning of the Word of God for the Church’s message and practice in the world.
Bacteremia Due to Clostridium Difficile: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Daruwala Cherag , Mercogliano Giancarlo , Newman Gary , Ingerman Mark J. 
Published: October 2017

Objective The purpose of this study is to report a case of C. difficile bacteremia in a Crohn's disease patient and to review the literature on previously reported cases. Methods Searches of MEDLINE and PubMed databases were made. Results We report the first case of C. difficile bacteremia in a Crohn's disease patient. There are 15 other reported cases of C. difficile bacteremia reported in the literature. We found that the majority of patients (10 of 15 patients) had polymicrobial bacteremia and that the overall mortality rate is significant, with 6 of 15 reported patients dying. Conclusion In conclusion, we find that C. difficile bacteremia is associated with a significant mortality rate and it would seem prudent to consider aggressive antibiotic therapy.
Monitoring Gastric Filling, Satiety and Gastric Emptying in a Patient with Gastric Balloon Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging–-A Feasibility Report
Authors: Juchems Markus S. , Uyak Deniz , Ernst Andrea S. , Brambs Hans-Juergen 
Published: October 2017

Backround Intragastric balloons are used for short term weight loss therapy in obese. It is possible to monitor the ballon with sonography, however this method is sometimes insufficient in obese patients. Therefore MRI seems to be a potential therapy-monitoring option. Purpose In this feasibility report we want to demonstrate the potential use of functional MRI in monitoring gastric filling, patient satiation and gastric emptying in a obese patient who previously received intragastric balloon placement. Material and methods We selected one patient (male, 178 cm, 127 kg, BMI = 40,5 kg/m2) who recently received a gastric balloon and visualized gastric motility in presence of the gastric balloon before and after food intake. Fast cross-sectional images in one breathhold spin echo or gradient echo sequences were aquired. Real-time gastric motion was performed with cine mode. Results MRI offers perfect visualisation of gastric balloons in obese patients. Gastric filling and emptying can be monitored in correlation to patient satiety sensation. MRI can visualize the gastric balloon with degree of filling and possible leakages. Cine mode sequences demonstrate gastric motility and gastric wall peristalsis. Conclusion MR is a valuable imaging alternative for patients with intragastric balloons
Multi-decadal records of stratospheric composition and their relationship to stratospheric circulation change
Authors: Douglass Anne R. , Strahan Susan E. , Oman Luke D. , Stolarski Richard S. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Constituent evolution for 1990–2015 simulated using the Global Modeling Initiative chemistry and transport model driven by meteorological fields from the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2) is compared with three sources of observations: ground-based column measurements of HNO3 and HCl from two stations in the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC, ∼ 1990–ongoing), profiles of CH4 from the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS, 1992–2005), and profiles of N2O from the Microwave Limb Sounder on the Earth Observing System satellite Aura (2005–ongoing). The differences between observed and simulated values are shown to be time dependent, with better agreement after ∼ 2000 compared with the prior decade. Furthermore, the differences between observed and simulated HNO3 and HCl columns are shown to be correlated with each other, suggesting that issues with the simulated transport and mixing cause the differences during the 1990s and that these issues are less important during the later years. Because the simulated fields are related to mean age in the lower stratosphere, we use these comparisons to evaluate the time dependence of mean age. The ongoing NDACC column observations provide critical information necessary to substantiate trends in mean age obtained using fields from MERRA-2 or any other reanalysis products.
Re-establishing glacier monitoring in Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan, Central Asia
Authors: Hoelzle Martin , Azisov Erlan , Barandun Martina , Huss Matthias , Farinotti Daniel , Gafurov Abror , Hagg Wilfried , Kenzhebaev Ruslan , Kronenberg Marlene , Machguth Horst , Merkushkin Alexandr , Moldobekov Bolot , Petrov Maxim , Saks Tomas , Salzmann Nadine , Schöne Tilo , Tarasov Yuri , Usubaliev Ryskul , Vorogushyn Sergiy , Yakovlev Andrey , Zemp Michael 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Glacier mass loss is among the clearest indicators of atmospheric warming. The observation of these changes is one of the major objectives of the international climate monitoring strategy developed by the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS). Long-term glacier mass balance measurements are furthermore the basis for calibrating and validating models simulating future runoff of glacierised catchments. This is essential for Central Asia, which is one of the driest continental regions of the Northern Hemisphere. In the highly populated regions, water shortage due to decreased glacierisation potentially leads to pronounced political instability, drastic ecological changes and endangered food security. As a consequence of the collapse of the former Soviet Union, however, many valuable glacier monitoring sites in the Tien Shan and Pamir Mountains were abandoned. In recent years, multinational actors have re-established a set of important in situ measuring sites to continue the invaluable long-term data series. This paper introduces the applied monitoring strategy for selected glaciers in the Kyrgyz and Uzbek Tien Shan and Pamir, highlights the existing and the new measurements on these glaciers, and presents an example for how the old and new data can be combined to establish multi-decadal mass balance time series. This is crucial for understanding the impact of climate change on glaciers in this region.
A representation of the phosphorus cycle for ORCHIDEE (revision 4520)
Authors: Goll Daniel S. , Vuichard Nicolas , Maignan Fabienne , Jornet-Puig Albert , Sardans Jordi , Violette Aurelie , Peng Shushi , Sun Yan , Kvakic Marko , Guimberteau Matthieu , Guenet Bertrand , Zaehle Soenke , Penuelas Josep , Janssens Ivan , Ciais Philippe 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Land surface models rarely incorporate the terrestrial phosphorus cycle and its interactions with the carbon cycle, despite the extensive scientific debate about the importance of nitrogen and phosphorus supply for future land carbon uptake. We describe a representation of the terrestrial phosphorus cycle for the ORCHIDEE land surface model, and evaluate it with data from nutrient manipulation experiments along a soil formation chronosequence in Hawaii. ORCHIDEE accounts for the influence of the nutritional state of vegetation on tissue nutrient concentrations, photosynthesis, plant growth, biomass allocation, biochemical (phosphatase-mediated) mineralization, and biological nitrogen fixation. Changes in the nutrient content (quality) of litter affect the carbon use efficiency of decomposition and in return the nutrient availability to vegetation. The model explicitly accounts for root zone depletion of phosphorus as a function of root phosphorus uptake and phosphorus transport from the soil to the root surface. The model captures the observed differences in the foliage stoichiometry of vegetation between an early (300-year) and a late (4.1 Myr) stage of soil development. The contrasting sensitivities of net primary productivity to the addition of either nitrogen, phosphorus, or both among sites are in general reproduced by the model. As observed, the model simulates a preferential stimulation of leaf level productivity when nitrogen stress is alleviated, while leaf level productivity and leaf area index are stimulated equally when phosphorus stress is alleviated. The nutrient use efficiencies in the model are lower than observed primarily due to biases in the nutrient content and turnover of woody biomass. We conclude that ORCHIDEE is able to reproduce the shift from nitrogen to phosphorus limited net primary productivity along the soil development chronosequence, as well as the contrasting responses of net primary productivity to nutrient addition.
Discharge characteristics in inhomogeneous fields under air flow
Authors: Vogel Stephan , Holbøll Joachim 
Published: October 2017

This research investigates the impact of high velocity air flow on Partial Discharge (PD) patterns generated in strongly inhomogeneous fields. In the laboratory, a needle plane electrode configuration was exposed to a high electrical DC-field and a laminar air flow up to 22 m/s. The needle was connected to a variable DC potential of up to 100 kV over a grounded plate in order to trigger different corona modes. The impact of the air flow on the space charges created in the vicinity of the electrode is evaluated by means of PD measurements in time domain. The results indicate that the wind increases the frequency and magnitude of partial discharges in the vicinity of the electrode due to an increased rate of space charge removal around the tip of the needle and in the gap. The positive polarity shows higher dependency on air flow compared to the negative polarity. It is shown that positive breakdown streamer corona can be extinguished if wind speeds of more than 14.3 m/s are applied to the electrode.