bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MAVEN observations of energy‐time dispersed electron signatures in Martian crustal magnetic fields
Authors: Harada Y. , Mitchell D. L. , Halekas J. S. , McFadden J. P. , Mazelle C. , Connerney J. E. P. , Espley J. , Brain D. A. , Larson D. E. , Lillis R. J. , Hara T. , Livi R. , DiBraccio G. A. , Ruhunusiri S. , Jakosky B. M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractEnergy‐time dispersed electron signatures are observed by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission in the vicinity of strong Martian crustal magnetic fields. Analysis of pitch angle distributions indicates that these dispersed electrons are typically trapped on closed field lines formed above strong crustal magnetic sources. Most of the dispersed electron signatures are characterized by peak energies decreasing with time rather than increasing peak energies. These properties can be explained by impulsive and local injection of hot electrons into closed field lines and subsequent dispersion by magnetic drift of the trapped electrons. In addition, the dispersed flux enhancements are often bursty and sometimes exhibit clear periodicity, suggesting that the injection and trapping processes are intrinsically time dependent and dynamic. These MAVEN observations demonstrate that common physical processes can operate in both global intrinsic magnetospheres and local crustal magnetic fields.
Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Castor Oil–Based Polyurethane Adhesive: Effect of TiO2 Filler
Authors: Malik Manjeet , Kaur Raminder 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTPolyurethane (PU) production with the use of vegetable oils is greatly appreciated by researchers due to their low cost, easy availability, and nontoxic nature. The addition of TiO2 in castor oil–based PU adhesive led to a remarkable enhancement in its mechanical and chemical resistance, an increase in Tg value, and the adhesion. TGA analysis was done to study the thermal stability of prepared adhesive. The adhesive was also characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and FT‐IR spectroscopy. Influence of various factors such as the NCO/OH molar ratio, hydroxyl value of polyols, and the amount of filler on the properties of adhesive were studied in detail. The adhesive with a mole ratio of NCO/OH equaling to 1.2, filled with 3 wt% TiO2, was found to be much better than the commercial adhesive used for bonding wood, when tested for single lap shear strength in various environmental conditions.
Structural and Optical Properties of Manganese‐Doped NanocrystallineZinc Oxide/Polyvinylidene Fluoride Flexible Composite Thin Films Deposited by the Sol–Gel Method
Authors: Bhunia R. , Das S. , Hussain S. , Sehgal G. , Chakraborty B. R. , Bhar R. , Pal A. K. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTMn‐doped nanocrystalline ZnO (MnxZn1–xO) was incorporated in the polyvinylidene fluoride thin film for obtaining the free‐standing flexible film by the sol–gel technique. The effect of Mn‐ZnO loading on the optical and microstructural properties of the Mn‐ZnO/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composite films was studied critically for the as‐deposited and the poled samples. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy were carried out to study the bonding environment. The XPS spectra recorded for poled samples from the fluorine‐terminated surface showed a very strong peak at ∼695 eV for F1s arising due to C–F bonds. Raman studies showed the presence of the predominant β phase of PVDF in the sample. Peaks related to ZnO nanocrystals were also observed in the Raman spectra. Photoluminescence spectra indicated a strong emission band at ∼2.79 eV in the ultraviolet region arising out of near band edge emission of free excitons.
Analysis of the effect of the test rate on polymer essential work of fracture parameters for the small punch test
Authors: Cuesta I. I. , Alegre J. M. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTIn recent decades, one of the non‐standard tests that has been consolidated as a viable alternative in those cases where there is not sufficient material to carry out standard tests is the small punch test. This test basically consists of deforming a miniature specimen using a high strength punch. It is possible for this miniature specimen to have an initial pre‐notch with the aim of improving the fracture behavior estimation of the material analyzed. Recently, to characterize the fracture properties of polymer sheets under plane stress conditions, there has been an attempt to establish the feasibility of applying the essential work of fracture (EWF) method in polymer pre‐notched miniature specimens. This article intends to go one step beyond and focuses on the test rate, which is an important aspect in the EWF application. Its effect on the EWF parameters in polymer pre‐notched miniature specimens has been analyzed and its correlation has been established with the results obtained from standard specimens. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43314.
An Iterative Algebraic Geometric Approach for Identification of Switched ARX Models with Noise
Authors: Nazari Sohail , Rashidi Bahador , Zhao Qing , Huang Biao 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe algebraic geometric (AG) approach has been used to identify switched auto regressive exogenous (SARX) models in hybrid systems, and it has several advantages over other SARX identification methods. This paper is focused on improving the estimation accuracy of the AG approach for systems corrupted with indispensable noises. A stochastic hybrid decoupling polynomial (SHDP) is constructed by reformulating the hybrid decoupling polynomial (HDP) used in the original AG method. An iterative scheme is developed to estimate parameters of the SHDP, which are used to calculate the SARX model parameters. This estimation involves linear regression with multiplicative noises, therefore a novel approach is proposed to solve this regression problem. Then, the parameters are recovered from the SHDP. Finally, all these steps for SARX model identification are summarized in an algorithm called the iterative algebraic geometric (IAG) approach. Simulations and experimental validation results are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of and the improvement made by the proposed IAG method.
Diskussionsbeitrag zur axialen Traglast von Wänden im Grenzzustand des Versinkens
Authors: Grabe Jürgen , Heins Evelyn 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDas axiale Tragverhalten von Wänden bekommt insbesondere im Hafenbau infolge der höheren Containerkranbelastungen zunehmend Relevanz. Es handelt sich dabei um ein komplexes Tragverhalten infolge lateraler Belastung aus Erd‐ und Wasserdruck und axialer Belastung. In der konventionellen Bemessung wird das laterale Tragverhalten der Wand entkoppelt vom axialen Tragverhalten in zwei unabhängigen Grenzzuständen betrachtet. Im Grenzzustand des Versinkens der Wand ist von den auf die Wand wirkenden Spannungen aus Erd‐ und Wasserdruck im Gebrauchszustand auszugehen. Dabei ist zu bedenken, dass die Richtung der Wandreibungskraft von der Relativverschiebung der Wand gegenüber dem Boden abhängt und sich unabhängig vom Ansatz des Wandreibungswinkels in lateraler Richtung einstellen kann. Um das aufzuzeigen, wird das gekoppelte axiale und laterale Wandtragverhalten mittels der Finite‐Elemente‐Methode (FEM) an einem einfachen System beispielhaft untersucht. Es zeigt sich, dass die mobilisierte Wandreibungskraft im Grenzfall des Versinkens der Wand infolge axialer Last nicht wie nach Empfehlungen des Arbeitskreises “Baugruben” (EAB) (2012) und Empfehlungen des Arbeitsausschusses “Ufereinfassungen” (EAU 2012) als Einwirkung, sondern als Widerstand wirkt, sofern die axialen Verschiebungen der Wand gegenüber dem Boden genügend groß sind und toleriert werden können.Contribution for discussion concerning axial bearing capacity of wallsDue to the increasing load from container cranes the axial bearing capacity of walls is becoming more important especially in harbor constructions. A complex bearing behavior exists. This behavior consists of a wall bending due to lateral loading occurring from earth and water pressure as well as of axial loading. Conventionally, lateral and axial bearing behavior are considered in separate limit states. The stresses from earth and water pressure from the service limit state are applied during the limit state sinking of the wall. It needs to be noted that the wall friction angle is dependent on the relative displacement between the wall and the soil and is independent of the wall friction angle applied laterally. To prove this statement the coupled lateral and axial bearing behavior of the wall is investigated exemplarily for a simple system using the finite element method. The results show that the mobilized wall friction angle during the limit state sinking of the wall caused by an axial load should not be applied as a loading (as suggested in Recommendations on Excavations (EAB) (2012) and Recommendations of the Committee for Waterfront Structures Harbours and Waterways (EAU 2012)) but rather as a resistance. This only holds true if the axial displacement of the wall compared to the subsoil is big enough and if the displacement can be tolerated.
Der Tornado von Bützow in Mecklenburg‐Vorpommern – Ingenieuranalyse der Gebäudeschäden
Authors: Maiwald Holger , Schwarz Jochen 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAm Abend des 5. Mai 2015 entwickelten sich in Mecklenburg‐Vorpommern mehrere Tornados. Durch einen dieser Tornados, der die Intensität F3 auf der Fujita‐Skala bzw. T6 auf der TORRO‐Skala erreicht hat, wurde fast jedes Gebäude in der historischen Altstadt von Bützow geschädigt.Der Beitrag stellt die komplexe Einwirkungscharakteristik von Tornados auf Bauwerke sowie die gebräuchlichen Tornadoskalen vor und gibt einen Überblick über die vorgefundenen Bauwerksschäden im betroffenen Gebiet.Die gewonnenen Erfahrungen lassen aus Ingenieursicht einen Forschungsbedarf hinsichtlich eines Bewertungssystems für die Schäden und die Verletzbarkeit der lokalen Bebauung gegenüber einer Tornadoeinwirkung erkennen.The tornado of Bützow in Mecklenburg‐Vorpommern – engineering analysis of the building damageSeveral tornadoes developed in Mecklenburg‐Vorpommern during the evening time of May 05, 2015. One of these tornadoes reached the intensity F3 on the Fujita‐scale or T6 on the TORRO‐scale and damaged nearly all buildings in the historic center of the town Bützow.The paper presents the complex load characteristics of tornadoes to buildings as well as the common tornado scales and gives an overview of the structural damage in the affected area.From an engineering point of view the gained experience shows a need for further research into an evaluation system for the damage and the vulnerability of the local building stock due to a tornado action.
Rapid determination of benzo[a]pyrene by membrane enrichment coupled with solid‐phase constant‐wavelength synchronous fluorescence spectrometry
Authors: Wang Lei , Li Wei , Zhang Feiyu , Li Hui , Cai Guimin , Li Bing , Qian Guangbei , Du Yiping 
Published: January 2016

AbstractNormal methods for benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) determination, including gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection, involve expensive instruments and complex separation and purification processes. Based on membrane enrichment, coupled with solid‐phase constant‐wavelength synchronous fluorescence spectrometry, a simple, fast, sensitive method was proposed for the determination of BaP in water samples. A Nylon membrane was used as the solid‐phase extraction material for enrichment. After enrichment, a constant‐wavelength synchronous fluorescence spectrum was scanned directly on the membrane‐concentrated BaP without elution. Spectral measurement and enrichment conditions were optimized. Under optimum conditions, when using 150 mL sample solutions, the relationship between fluorescence intensity and BaP concentrations in the 0.05–10.00 μg L–1 range could be fitted by binomial function with an R2 value of 0.9973. Limit of detection (LOD) was calculated to be 0.0137 μg L–1. The volume of the sample solution was increased to 1000 mL to test if the method could be applied to determine lower BaP concentrations. A linear relationship still existed in the range 2.0–20.0 ng L–1 BaP with an R2 value of 0.9895, and a LOD of 2.4 ng L–1. The method was also used to measure the BaP concentration in several natural water samples, and recoveries were in the 90–110% range with relative standard deviations (RSDs) in the 0.58–7.93% range. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Barrett‐associated variants at GDF7 and TBX5 also increase esophageal adenocarcinoma risk
Authors: Becker Jessica , May Andrea , Gerges Christian , Anders Mario , Schmidt Claudia , Veits Lothar , Noder Tania , Mayershofer Rupert , Kreuser Nicole , Manner Hendrik , Venerito Marino , Hofer Jan‐Hinnerk , Lyros Orestis , Ahlbrand Constantin J. , Arras Michael , Hofer Sebastian , Heinrichs Sophie K. M. , Weise Katharina , Hess Timo , Böhmer Anne C. , Kosiol Nils , Kiesslich Ralf , Izbicki Jakob R. , Hölscher Arnulf H. , Bollschweiler Elfriede , Malfertheiner Peter , Lang Hauke , Moehler Markus , Lorenz Dietmar , Ott Katja , Schmidt Thomas , Nöthen Markus M. , Hackelsberger Andreas , Schumacher Brigitte , Pech Oliver , Vashist Yogesh , Vieth Michael , Weismüller Josef , Knapp Michael , Neuhaus Horst , Rösch Thomas , Ell Christian , Gockel Ines , Schumacher Johannes 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBarrett's esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) represent two stages within the esophagitis‐metaplasia‐dysplasia‐adenocarcinoma sequence. Previously genetic risk factors have been identified that confer risk to BE and EAC development. However, to which extent the genetic variants confer risk to different stages of the BE/EAC sequence remains mainly unknown. In this study we analyzed three most recently identified BE variants at the genes GDF7 (rs3072), TBX5 (rs2701108), and ALDH1A2 (rs3784262) separately in BE and EAC samples in order to determine their risk effects during BE/EAC sequence. Our data show that rs3072 at GDF7 and rs2701108 at TBX5 are also associated with EAC and conclude that both loci confer disease risk also at later stages of the BE/EAC sequence. In contrast, rs3784262 at ALDH1A2 was highly significantly associated with BE, but showed no association with EAC. Our data do not provide evidence that the ALDH1A2 locus confers equal risk in early and late stages of BE/EAC sequence.
ASGPR‐Mediated Uptake of Multivalent Glycoconjugates for Drug Delivery in Hepatocytes
Authors: Monestier Marie , Charbonnier Peggy , Gateau Christelle , Cuillel Martine , Robert Faustine , Lebrun Colette , Mintz Elisabeth , Renaudet Olivier , Delangle Pascale 
Published: January 2016

AbstractLiver cells are an essential target for drug delivery in many diseases. The hepatocytes express the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), which promotes specific uptake by means of N‐acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) recognition. In this work, we designed two different chemical architectures to treat Wilson's disease by intracellular copper chelation. Two glycoconjugates functionalized with three or four GalNAc units each were shown to enter hepatic cells and chelate copper. Here, we studied two series of compounds derived from these glycoconjugates to find key parameters for the targeting of human hepatocytes. Efficient cellular uptake was demonstrated by flow cytometry using HepG2 human heptic cells that express the human oligomeric ASGPR. Dissociation constants in the nanomolar range showed efficient multivalent interactions with the receptor. Both architectures were therefore concluded to be able to compete with endogeneous asialoglycoproteins and serve as good vehicles for drug delivery in hepatocytes.
Quantum Mechanical and Experimental Validation that Cyclobis(paraquat‐p‐phenylene) Forms a 1:1 Inclusion Complex with Tetrathiafulvalene
Authors: Hartlieb Karel J. , Liu Wei‐Guang , Fahrenbach Albert C. , Blackburn Anthea K. , Frasconi Marco , Hafezi Nema , Dey Sanjeev K. , Sarjeant Amy A. , Stern Charlotte L. , Goddard William A. , Stoddart J. Fraser 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe promiscuous encapsulation of π‐electron‐rich guests by the π‐electron‐deficient host, cyclobis(paraquat‐p‐phenylene) (CBPQT4+), involves the formation of 1:1 inclusion complexes. One of the most intensely investigated charge‐transfer (CT) bands, assumed to result from inclusion of a guest molecule inside the cavity of CBPQT4+, is an emerald‐green band associated with the complexation of tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and its derivatives. This interpretation was called into question recently in this journal based on theoretical gas‐phase calculations that reinterpreted this CT band in terms of an intermolecular side‐on interaction of TTF with one of the bipyridinium (BIPY2+) units of CBPQT4+, rather than the encapsulation of TTF inside the cavity of CBPQT4+. We carried out DFT calculations, including solvation, that reveal conclusively that the CT band emerging upon mixing TTF with CBPQT4+ arises from the formation of a 1:1 inclusion complex. In support of this conclusion, we have performed additional experiments on a [2]rotaxane in which a TTF unit, located in the middle of its short dumbbell, is prevented sterically from interacting with either one of the two BIPY2+ units of a CBPQT4+ ring residing on a separate [2]rotaxane in a side‐on fashion. This [2]rotaxane has similar UV/Vis and 1H NMR spectroscopic properties with those of 1:1 inclusion complexes of TTF and its derivatives with CBPQT4+. The [2]rotaxane exists as an equimolar mixture of cis‐ and trans‐isomers associated with the disubstituted TTF unit in its dumbbell component. Solid‐state structures were obtained for both isomers, validating the conclusion that the TTF unit, which gives rise to the CT band, resides inside CBPQT4+.
Intermetallic Competition in the Fragmentation of Trimetallic Au–Zn–Alkali Complexes
Authors: Lang Johannes , Cayir Merve , Walg Simon P. , Di Martino‐Fumo Patrick , Thiel Werner R. , Niedner‐Schatteburg Gereon 
Published: January 2016

AbstractCationization is a valuable tool to enable mass spectrometric studies on neutral transition‐metal complexes (e.g., homogenous catalysts). However, knowledge of potential impacts on the molecular structure and catalytic reactivity induced by the cationization is indispensable to extract information about the neutral complex. In this study, we cationize a bimetallic complex [AuZnCl3] with alkali metal ions (M+) and investigate the charged adducts [AuZnCl3M]+ by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS). Infrared multiple photon dissociation (IR‐MPD) in combination with density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal a μ3 binding motif of all alkali ions to the three chlorido ligands. The cationization induces a reorientation of the organic backbone. Collision‐induced dissociation (CID) studies reveal switches of fragmentation channels by the alkali ion and by the CID amplitude. The Li+ and Na+ adducts prefer the sole loss of ZnCl2, whereas the K+, Rb+, and Cs+ adducts preferably split off MCl2ZnCl. Calculated energetics along the fragmentation coordinate profiles allow us to interpret the experimental findings to a level of subtle details. The Zn2+ cation wins the competition for the nitrogen coordination sites against K+, Rb+, and Cs+ , but it loses against Li+ and Na+ in a remarkable deviation from a naive hard and soft acids and bases (HSAB) concept. The computations indicate expulsion of MCl2ZnCl rather than of MCl and ZnCl2.
Copper Hydride Catalyzed Reductive Claisen Rearrangements
Authors: Wong Kong Ching , Ng Elvis , Wong Wing‐Tak , Chiu Pauline 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAn efficient reductive Claisen rearrangement, catalyzed by in situ generated copper hydride and stoichiometric in diethoxymethylsilane, has been developed. Yields of up to 95 % with good to excellent diastereoselectivities were observed in this reaction. Mechanistic studies showed that the stereospecific rearrangement proceeded via a chair transition state of (E)‐silyl ketene acetals as intermediates and not via the copper enolates.
Exact solution of heat transfer problem for generalized Newtonian flow between two infinite parallel plates
Authors: Kadyirov Aidar I. , Vachagina Ekaterina K. , Kaynova Anastasia A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn this paper the exact solution of the heat transfer problem for generalized Newtonian flow between two infinite parallel plates is obtained by using the Fourier method and taking into account the viscous dissipation of the fluid. The original variable is proposed to expand the required function into a power series. The universal law is considered to describe a generalized Newtonian fluid. For example, an analytical solution is used to investigate the heat transfer problem for the flow of a rubber compound based on the synthetic isoprene rubber‐3.
Ethanol production from sweet potato: The effect of ripening, comparison of two heating methods, and cost analysis
Authors: Schweinberger Cristiane Martins , Putti Tobias Romanzini , Susin Gabriela Baldin , Trierweiler Jorge Otávio , Trierweiler Luciane Ferreira 
Published: January 2016

AbstractCurrently, biomass contributes to ∼14 % of global energy needs. Therefore, many studies and policies have been developed in order to expand the participation of renewable energy in the global energy matrix. In this context, ethanol has received substantial interest. This work investigates ways to improve efficiency in ethanol production from sweet potatoes, considering the costs that make the process potentially implementable. The following aspects were investigated: (i) conversion efficiency according to the post‐harvest time; (ii) influence of the heating method (water bath (conventional) and microwave) as well as the corresponding processing costs. The conversion efficiency increased significantly during sweet potato ripening, where the highest value was achieved 25 days after harvest. This is a very important result since it has a strong impact on the final cost. Among the heating methods, the conventional one was slightly superior in terms of conversion efficiency (9 % higher at 25 days) and also had better results regarding cost analysis. Among four designed scenarios, the largest cost difference was 17.5 %. Instead of a definitive elimination of microwave heating, the results should be analyzed to identify where the microwave heating should be improved in order to make it more attractive in the future.
An Interesting Class of Porous Polymer—Revisiting the Structure of Mesoporous α‐d‐Polysaccharide Gels
Authors: White Robin J. , Shuttleworth Peter S. , Budarin Vitaliy L. , Bruyn Mario De , Fischer Anna , Clark James H. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe processes involved in the transformation of non‐porous, native polysaccharides to their highly porous equivalents introduce significant molecular complexity and are not yet fully understood. In this paper, we propose that distinct changes in polysaccharide local short‐range ordering promotes and directs the formation of meso‐ and micro‐pores, which are investigated here using N2 sorption, FTIR, and solid‐state 13C NMR. It is found that an increase in the overall double helical amylose content, and their local association structures, are responsible for formation of the porous polysaccharide gel phase. An exciting consequence of this local ordering change is elegantly revealed using a 19F NMR experiment, which identifies the stereochemistry‐dependent diffusion of a fluorinated chiral probe molecule (1‐phenyl‐2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol) from the meso‐ to the micro‐pore region. This finding opens opportunities in the area of polysaccharide‐based chiral stationary phases and asymmetric catalyst preparation.