bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological Risks In The Professionals Of Mobile Pre-Hospital Care
Authors: Nascimento Santos Jacianne , Formiga Bezerra Anne Milane , Andrade Duarte de Farias Maria do Carmo , Pereira de Carvalho Guilherme Gadelha , Nunes da Silva Edineide , Paulino do Nascimento Maria Mônica , Fontenele Albuquerque Francisco Geyson 
Published: February 2017

Introduction: Pre-hospital care professionals face situations in which they are very vulnerable to occupational risks of the biological type, due to direct and constant contact with patients in numerous adverse situations.
Objective: To analyze the biological risks inherents to the nursing team of the Mobile Emergency Care Service (MECS) in Patos-PB.
Method: The study was an exploratory, descriptive type, with a quantitative data approach. The research population was composed of all the nurses and nursing technicians employed in the MECS, Regional of Patos-PB who were available to participate in the research. Data were analyzed with SPSS software (version 21). Descriptive statistics of relative and absolute frequencies, central tendency (mean and median) and dispersion (standard deviation and minimum and maximum values) were used. Considering the small sample size, we adopted non-parametric inferential tests of Mann Whitney and Pearson's Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, accepting as statistically significant that p <0.05.
Results: The sample consisted of 45 professionals of the nursing team, with the majority (88.9%) being female and a prevalent age range from 27 to 33 years, a workload of 36 hours per week, with less than one year of performance in the service; 95.6% use the complete uniform; 97.8% make use of masks, and only 24.4% confirm wearing protective glasses; 31.1% perform reoccurrence of needles already contaminated, and 24.4% already suffered some type of accident with a sharp device. Only 24.4% said they had undergone some training on the part of the company. Conclusion: It was evidenced that the occurrence of the accidents is directly related to the exhaustion of the professionals and their lack of experience in the area, besides the lack of training offered by the service. It can be noted that the company lacks in the area of employee protection, since they do not offer a professional training course, so there is no investment in continuing health education.
Prospections géophysiques multi-méthodes de structures portuaires antiques à Narbonne (Aude, France)
Authors: Mathé Vivien , Sanchez Corinne , Bruniaux Guillaume , Camus Adrien , Cavero Julien , Faïsse Camille , Jézégou Marie-Pierre , Labussière Julie , Lévêque François 
Published: February 2017

Depuis 2005, une équipe interdisciplinaire de
recherches tente de reconstituer la topographie du port antique de
Narbonne, considéré comme un des plus grands ports de l’Empire romain.
Débutées en 2007, les prospections géophysiques sont un des piliers de
ce travail. Elles ont dû évoluer au fil des campagnes de mesures afin
de s’adapter aux contraintes du terrain, à l’évolution des résultats
et à l’émergence de nouvelles problématiques. Les structures majeures
du site du Castélou / Mandirac, identifié comme étant l’embouchure
aménagée d’un bras sud de l’Aude, ont été repérées puis confirmées par
la fouille. Deux jetées parallèles construites en milieu humide sur
une longueur de plus d’1,5 km encadrent un chenal large de 50 m et
profond de 4 m. D’une largeur de 15 m à 25 m, elles sont aménagées en
chaussée dès la fin du Ier siècle par l’apport de
quantités considérables de matériaux et de milliers de pieux en bois
qui viennent renforcer leurs berges. Les traces d’activités portuaires
y sont nombreuses. Nulle part dans le monde romain, des constructions
de cette ampleur pour canaliser un fleuve n’ont été mises au jour.
Elles soulignent la volonté de maîtriser un milieu fluctuant afin
d’assurer une stabilité et une pérennité de ce lieu d’échanges,
finalement abandonné à la fin du ve siècle.
Suivi de la fusion expérimentale de la galène de Melle (79) par microspectroscopie Raman
Authors: Mercier-Bion Florence , Téreygeol Florian 
Published: February 2017

Cette étude porte sur l’étude (macroscopique et
microscopique) de la transformation de la galène, minerai argentifère
pour les périodes anciennes, et son évolution jusqu’au plomb, à partir
d’un référentiel produit expérimentalement dans un four à moufle
fonctionnant au charbon de bois. En effet, si la réaction chimique qui
conduit du sulfure au plomb d’œuvre est identifiée depuis longtemps,
sa reproduction dans un réacteur type bas-fourneau demeure
insatisfaisante et les tentatives de compréhension des procédés de
transformation de la galène restent largement infructueuses. Cette
absence de maitrise du procédé bloque les possibles réflexions sur les
bilans matières et sur le poids des exploitations minières dans les
économies anciennes notamment pour ce qui touche à la circulation du
plomb. Ainsi, deux grands moments dans cette chaîne de production
doivent être mieux appréhendés : la phase de grillage de la galène et
la réduction en plomb. Pour répondre à ces objectifs, la
microspectroscopie Raman apporte une vision complémentaire de
l’approche macroscopique sur la transformation de la galène
argentifère, en particulier pour identifier les différentes espèces
chimiques du plomb (oxydes, sulfates, oxysulfates) formées au cours de
ces opérations. Lors de l’approche expérimentale choisie, la
modification de ce minéral se produit selon les étapes suivantes : (1)
apparition du soufre élémentaire et des sulfates dès les cinq
premières minutes de grillage ; (2) diminution des sulfates au profit
de l’apparition d’oxydes de plomb (PbO2, Pb3O4, puis signature de la
transformation de Pb3O4 en
PbO), à partir des résultats obtenus sur l’échantillon traité pendant
dix minutes ; (3) poursuite de la diminution des sulfates avec
apparition des carbonates de plomb, comme le laisse entrevoir la
caractérisation de l’échantillon après trente-cinq minutes de
transformation.
Surgical management of chronic hyperplastic candidiasis refractory to systemic antifungal treatment
Authors: Shah Neha , Ray Jay Gopal , Kundu Sanchita , Sardana Divesh 
Published: February 2017

AbstractChronic hyperplastic candidiasis (CHC), earlier known as candidal leukoplakia, is a variant of oral candidiasis that classically presents as a white patch on the commissures of the oral mucosa and it is mostly caused by Candida albicans. Clinically, the lesions are usually asymptomatic and regress after appropriate antifungal therapy and correction of the underlying cause. If the lesions are untreated, a small portion may develop dysplasia and later progress into carcinoma. The purpose of this article is to report a case of CHC in a 57-year-old male patient with a significant smoking habit, who presented with a thick, nonscrapable, brownish-white coating on the dorsum of the tongue for 9 years. This case is of particular importance and concern because of the high risk for malignant transformation in CHC. The role of biopsy and histopathology is also stressed through this case report in arriving at a definitive diagnosis and treatment planning. Further, this case is interesting because it was refractory to local and systemic antifungal treatment and so, surgery was chosen as an alternative treatment modality considering the side effects of the prolonged use of antifungal drugs.
Comparison of micro column technology with conventional tube methods for antibody detection
Authors: Garg Sachin , Saini Nishant , Bedi Ravneet Kaur , Basu Sabita 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Conventional tube technique (CTT) has been the mainstay for antibody detection in pretransfusion testing. There have been rapid technological advances in blood banking and methodology of crossmatch has been modified to improve the sensitivity of these tests and to enable automation. This study was done to compare the efficacy of three crossmatch techniques: CTT, tube low-ionic-strength-saline indirect antiglobulin test (tube LISS-IAT), and micro column technology (MCT) used in the blood bank serology laboratory.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective study, 150 samples from patients who had received two or more transfusions on two different occasions (with at least 72 h between two transfusions) were subjected to cross match by three different techniques – CTT, LISS-IAT, and MCT.
RESULTS: A total of 16 cases with antibodies were identified in 150 patients. Out of 16 cases, 14 were clinically significant (anti-c = 5, anti-K = 4, anti-E = 2, anti-S = 2, anti-Jka = 1) and 2 nonclinically significant antibody cases (anti-Lea). MCT detected all the 14 clinically significant antibody cases and no case of nonclinically significant antibody. Tube LISS-IAT detected 14 antibody cases including 2 cases of non-clinically significant antibody but failed to detect 1 case of anti-c and the only case of anti-Jka. CTT detected only 10 antibody cases including 2 cases of non-clinically significant antibody and but failed to detect 3 cases of anti-c, 1 case of anti-K, 1 case of anti-E, and the only case of anti-Jka.
CONCLUSION: MCT was found to be most efficacious when compared to CTT and tube LISS-IAT in detecting clinically significant red cell antibodies; although MCT missed 2 cases of Lea antibody which were detected by CTT and LISS-IAT.
Role of multiplex polymerase chain reaction in diagnosing tubercular meningitis
Authors: Berwal Anupam , Chawla Kiran , Vishwanath Shashidhar , Shenoy Vishnu Prasad 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTuberculous meningitis (TBM) is one of the most serious manifestations of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Timely and accurate diagnosis provides a favorable prognosis in patients with TBM. The study evaluated the use of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the diagnosis of TBM. A study was conducted on 74 patients clinically suspected with TBM. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens were processed for smear microscopy, middle brook 7H9 culture, and multiplex PCR using primers directed against IS6110 gene and 38 kD protein for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The results were analyzed to assess the role of multiplex PCR in the diagnosis of TBM. A total of 26 (35.1%) patients were diagnosed with TBM. Microscopy was negative in all while culture was positive in two cases only. Comparing with clinical diagnosis and CSF adenosine deaminase levels of ≥ 10 U/L, multiplex PCR showed sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 71.4%, 89.6%, 83.3%, and 81.2%, respectively, in the diagnosis of TBM.
Blood transfusion practices in a tertiary care center in Northern India
Authors: Kumari Sonam 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Blood transfusion plays vital roles in the medical and surgical practice. To achieve optimum use of blood, transfusion has to be appropriate and judicious consuming minimal resources and manpower.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pattern of blood transfusion requests and utilization with the aim of determining transfusion practice.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Blood request forms and cross-match worksheets at the blood bank were analyzed over a 6-month period. Numbers of requisitions, blood units cross-matched, issued out, transfused, and nontransfused were calculated. Nonusage probability (NUP) and the cross-match to transfusion ratio (CTR) for each clinical unit were computed.
RESULTS: Two thousand two hundred and sixty-eight units of blood were cross-matched for 1487 patient’s transfusion requests, out of which only 1455 (64.2%) were transfused giving a total CTR of 1.6 for the hospital. The CTR for the various clinical units were: Obstetrics and gynecology (O and G) 2.7, surgery 2.1, orthopedics 1.9, medicine 1.1, pediatrics 1, and oncology 1.
CONCLUSIONS: The overall CTR (1.6) of the hospital was within the optimal range except for the O and G and surgery department which were having very high NUP and CTR indicating their suboptimal transfusion practices. Introducing revised transfusion guidelines, maximum surgical blood ordering schedule and type, screen, save, and abbreviated cross-match method can help toward adequate requisition and utilization of blood thereby reducing wastage of resources, time, and manpower.
Biofilm colonization in chronic treatment refractory infections presenting with discharging sinuses: A study in a tertiary care hospital of Eastern India
Authors: De Asmita , Raj Hirak Jyoti , Haldar Jayeeta , Mukherjee Poulami , Maiti Prasanta Kumar 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Treatment refractory chronic recurrent infections mean those chronic infections which recur by same causal agents with similar drug responsiveness after apparent relief following full course of recommended antimicrobial management.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty different samples were collected from patients with chronic surgical site infections, laparoscopic port site infections, anal fistula, mesh hernioplasty, chronic dacryocystitis, chronic osteomyelitis, and chronic burn wounds. Samples were processed for culture, identification, antibiotic sensitivity testing using standard microbiological techniques. Biofilm (BF) forming capacity for aerobic organisms were tested by tissue culture plate method. Those for anaerobes and atypical mycobacteria were studied by a novel method using atomic force microscopy (AFM). In vivo BF colonization in lacrimal mucosae of chronic dacryocystitis, patients were studied from histopathological sections by Gram staining, H and E, and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH).
RESULTS: Out of fifty different samples, sixty-three isolates were obtained in pure culture as follows: Staphylococcus aureus (25.39%), Escherichia coli (14.28%), Klebsiella pneumonia (14.28%), Mycobacterium abscessus (12.69%), Citrobacter spp. (9.52%), Bacteroides fragilis (6.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.7%), Proteus spp. (4.7%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (3.1%), Enterobacter spp. (1.5%), Morganella morganii (1.5%), and Peptostreptococcus spp. (1.5%). Among the isolates, 74% were found to be BF producers in the following frequency: P. aeruginosa 100%, S. epidermidis 100%, B. fragilis 100%, Klebsiella spp. 88.88%, S. aureus 81.25%, M. abscessus 75%, Citrobacter spp. 83.33%, Proteus spp. 66.66%, E. coli spp. 33.33%, and Enterobacter spp. 0%.
CONCLUSION: AFM has been proven to be a useful method for detection of in vitro grown BF including those for anaerobes and atypical Mycobacteria. In vivo BF detection becomes possible by FISH. S. aureus was the most common isolate. Among the aerobic isolates, P. aeruginosa and S. epidermidis were found to be the most common BF producers. Atypical mycobacteria were also found to be BF producers. Diagnosis of BF s in chronic infections significantly changes the management strategy as these infections can no longer be dealt simply with antibiotics alone but require mechanical removal of the foci along with antibiotic coverage for complete cure.
The Landau-Zener Transition and the Surface Hopping Method for the 2D Dirac Equation for Graphene
Authors: Faraj Ali , Jin Shi 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA Lagrangian surface hopping algorithm is implemented to study the two dimensional massless Dirac equation for Graphene with an electrostatic potential, in the semiclassical regime. In this problem, the crossing of the energy levels of the system at Dirac points requires a particular treatment in the algorithm in order to describe the quantum transition—characterized by the Landau-Zener probability— between different energy levels. We first derive the Landau-Zener probability for the underlying problem, then incorporate it into the surface hopping algorithm. We also show that different asymptotic models for this problem derived in [O. Morandi, F. Schurrer, J. Phys. A:Math. Theor. 44 (2011) 265301]may give different transition probabilities. We conduct numerical experiments to compare the solutions to the Dirac equation, the surface hopping algorithm, and the asymptotic models of [O. Morandi, F. Schurrer, J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 44 (2011) 265301].
An Implicitly Consistent Formulation of a Dual-Mesh Hybrid LES/RANS Method
Authors: Xiao Heng , Wang Jian-Xun , Jenny Patrick 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA consistent dual-mesh hybrid LES/RANS framework for turbulence modeling has been proposed recently (H. Xiao, P. Jenny, A consistent dual-mesh framework for hybrid LES/RANS modeling, J. Comput. Phys. 231 (4) (2012)). To better enforce componentwise Reynolds stress consistency between the LES and the RANS simulations, in the present work the original hybrid framework is modified to better exploit the advantage of more advanced RANS turbulence models. In the new formulation, the turbulent stresses in the filtered equations in the under-resolved regions are directly corrected based on the Reynolds stresses provided by the RANS simulation. More precisely, the new strategy leads to implicit LES/RANS consistency, where the velocity consistency is achieved indirectly via imposing consistency on the Reynolds stresses. This is in contrast to the explicit consistency enforcement in the original formulation, where forcing terms are added to the filtered momentum equations to achieve directly the desired average velocity and velocity fluctuations. The new formulation keeps the averaging procedure for the filtered quantities and at the same time preserves the ability of the original formulation to conform with the physical differences between LES and RANS quantities. The modified formulation is presented, analyzed, and then evaluated for plane channel flow and flow over periodic hills. Improved predictions are obtained compared with the results obtained using the original formulation.
Hamiltonian Analysis and Dual Vector Spectral Elements for 2D Maxwell Eigenproblems
Authors: Yang Hongwei , Zhu Bao , Chen Jiefu 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe 2D Maxwell eigenproblems are studied from a new point of view. An electromagnetic problem is cast from the Lagrangian system with single variable into the Hamiltonian system with dual variables. The electric and magnetic components transverse to the wave propagation direction are treated as dual variables to each other. Higher order curl-conforming and divergence-conforming vector basis functions are used to construct dual vector spectral elements. Numerical examples demonstrate some unique advantages of the proposed method.
Two and Three Dimensional Image Registration Based on B-Spline Composition and Level Sets
Authors: Chan Chiu Ling , Anitescu Cosmin , Zhang Yongjie , Rabczuk Timon 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAmethod for non-rigid image registration that is suitable for large deformations is presented. Conventional registration methods embed the image in a B-spline object, and the image is evolved by deforming the B-spline object. In this work, we represent the image using B-spline and deform the image using a composition approach. We also derive a computationally efficient algorithm for calculating the B-spline coefficients and gradients of the image by adopting ideas from signal processing using image filters. We demonstrate the application of our method on several different types of 2D and 3D images and compare it with existing methods.
Fast Evaluation of the Caputo Fractional Derivative and its Applications to Fractional Diffusion Equations
Authors: Jiang Shidong , Zhang Jiwei , Zhang Qian , Zhang Zhimin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe computational work and storage of numerically solving the time fractional PDEs are generally huge for the traditional direct methods since they require totalmemory andwork, whereNTandNSrepresent the total number of time steps and grid points in space, respectively. To overcome this difficulty, we present an efficient algorithm for the evaluation of the Caputo fractional derivativeof orderα∈(0,1). The algorithm is based on an efficient sum-of-exponentials (SOE) approximation for the kernelt–1–αon the interval [Δt,T] with a uniform absolute errorε. We give the theoretical analysis to show that the number of exponentialsNexpneeded is of orderforT≫1 orforTH1 for fixed accuracyε. The resulting algorithm requires onlystorage andwork when numerically solving the time fractional PDEs. Furthermore, we also give the stability and error analysis of the new scheme, and present several numerical examples to demonstrate the performance of our scheme.
Preoperative Practice Paired With Instructor Feedback May Not Improve Obstetrics-Gynecology Residents' Operative Performance
Authors: Kroft Jamie , Ordon Michael , Po Leslie , Zwingerman Nora , Waters Katie , Lee Jason Y. , Pittini Richard 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Background
There is evidence that preoperative practice prior to surgery can improve trainee performance, but the optimal approach has not been studied.

Objective
We sought to determine if preoperative practice by surgical trainees paired with instructor feedback improved surgical technique, compared to preoperative practice or feedback alone.

Methods
We conducted a randomized controlled trial of obstetrics-gynecology trainees, stratified on a simulator-assessed surgical skill. Participants were randomized to preoperative practice on a simulator with instructor feedback (PPF), preoperative practice alone (PP), or feedback alone (F). Trainees then completed a laparoscopic salpingectomy, and the operative performance was evaluated using an assessment tool.

Results
A total of 18 residents were randomized and completed the study, 6 in each arm. The mean baseline score on the simulator was comparable in each group (67% for PPF, 68% for PP, and 70% for F). While the median score on the assessment tool for laparoscopic salpingectomy in the PPF group was the highest, there was no statistically significant difference in assessment scores for the PPF group (32.75; range, 15–36) compared to the PP group (14.5; range, 10–34) and the F group (21.25; range, 10.5–32). The interrater correlation between the video reviewers was 0.87 (95% confidence interval 0.70–0.95) using the intraclass correlation coefficient.

Conclusions
This study suggests that a surgical preoperative practice with instructor feedback may not improve operative technique compared to either preoperative practice or feedback alone.
Psychiatry Residents' Perceptions and Reported Practices in Providing Primary Care
Authors: Wehr Lisa M. , Vanderlip Erik R. , Gibbons Patrick H. , Fiedorowicz Jess G. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundPatients with psychiatric disorders have higher rates of chronic medical conditions and decreased life expectancy. Integrating medical and psychiatric care is likely to improve health outcomes for these patients.ObjectiveThis study examined what proportion of psychiatry residents viewed psychiatry as a primary care specialty, how important they felt it was to provide primary care to patients, and how this perception altered self-reported comfort and practice patterns in providing screening and treatment for select general medical conditions.MethodsAn online survey was sent to current psychiatry residents of US residency programs.ResultsA total of 268 residents from 40 programs completed the survey (25% response rate), with 55% (147 of 265) of respondents considering psychiatry to be a primary care specialty. Residents who held this opinion gave higher ratings for the importance of providing preventive counseling and reported counseling a higher percentage of patients on a variety of topics. They also reported screening more patients for several medical conditions. Residents who considered psychiatry to be primary care did not report greater comfort with treating these conditions, with the exception of dyslipidemia. The most commonly cited barrier to integrating primary care services was lack of time.ConclusionsResidents' perceptions of psychiatry as a primary care field appears to be associated with a higher reported likelihood of counseling about, and screening for, medical conditions in their patients.