bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capturing postcoloniality in action
Authors: Krysa Isabella , Le Kien T. , Helms Mills Jean , Mills Albert J. 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
Drawing on a series of RAND interviews with Vietnamese prisoners during the Vietnam War, the paper aims to analyze the role of colonizer–colonized in the production of postcolonial representations (postcoloniality) and the role of the Western corporation in the processes of postcoloniality.

Design/methodology/approach
Selected RAND interviews are analyzed using a postcolonial lens and explored through the method of critical hermeneutics.

Findings
The analysis supports the contention that Western othering of Third World people is neither completely successful nor one-sided. It is argued that while the Western corporation is an important site for understanding hybridity and postcoloniality, analysis needs to go beyond focusing on the symbolic and the textual to take account of the material conditions in which interactions between colonizer–colonized occur. Finally, there is support for further study of the socio-political character of methods of research in the study of international business.

Research limitations/implications
The case suggests further study of colonizer–colonized interactions outside of the context of an on-going war, which may have heightened some forms of resistance and voice.

Social implications
The paper draws attention to the continuing problem of Western othering of formerly colonized people through military and commercial engagements that are framed by neo-colonial viewpoints embedded in theories of globalization and research methods.

Originality/value
The paper provides rare glimpses into interactions between colonizing and colonized people, and also the under-research study of the role of the Western corporation in the production of postcoloniality.
The structural violence of globalization
Authors: Srikantia Jessica 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to expose the violence intrinsic to globalization and to suggest a conceptual and practical domain focused on arresting and preventing the structural violence of globalization.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper integrates theory, scholarly literature and the author’s fieldwork analyzed through solidarity and liberationist methodologies.

Findings
The paper shows that severe, violent and irreparable destruction of formerly thriving and sustainable cultures and communities around the globe is an inherent component of globalization; current notions of “development” and “poverty” provide ideological cover for such destruction; a wide range of mainstream institutions and organizations (including governments, trade and financial institutions and national and multinational corporations) benefit from the destruction and collude in these dynamics, while a passive majority participates through its silence and consumptive lifestyle; and to arrest these dynamics requires awareness of the structural violence of development and globalization, and that those of us living in currently unsustainable societies commit both to re-localize our effects to our own communities and to change the operating rules of the global system.

Practical implications
This paper offers analysis, perspectives and practical considerations toward transformations essential to ending the structural violence of globalization, while inviting broad-based solidarity for further advancements.

Originality/value
Bridging global and local realities, the paper exposes systematic large-scale structural violence endemic to globalization, “development”, mainstream ideas about poverty and practices of “poverty reduction”. The paper identifies some fundamental requirements for arresting the structural violence of the global system.
From margin to center: listening to silenced subjectivities in international business
Authors: Prasad Ajnesh , Durepos Gabrielle 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
The editorial introduces the special issue entitled, “Voices at/from the margins: Articulating the consequences of international business”.

Design/methodology/approach
The editorial begins by briefly describing how the idea for the special issue was initiated and then provides an overview of the articles included.

Findings
The editorial contains a discussion of the themes emerging from the special issue articles.

Originality/value
The editorial provides some consideration of how the collection of articles included in the special issue, both individually and collectively, contribute to listening to subjects that are situated at the margins of international business.
The governance mechanisms of family-controlled REITs
Authors: Chang Erick Paulo Cesar , Noguera Magdy 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to analyze how founders of family-controlled Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) under bounded rationality implement internal governance mechanisms that may affect the long-term performance once the founder retires. These actions create a hurdle for successors to follow the founder’s success.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors collected data on secondary sources of 36 family and 22 professionally managed REITs from 1999 to 2012 that resulted in an unbalanced panel data of 726 REIT-year observations. The authors use a series of multi-variate analyses to test the hypotheses.

Findings
– The findings confirm that founders of family-controlled REITs focus more on developing internal governance mechanisms to satisfy their personal goals. Long-term performance is negatively affected once the successor takes over especially when the successor is a family member.

Research limitations/implications
– The authors have data limitations about family involvement. The authors suggest future avenues of investigation such as combining perceptual with archival data.

Practical implications
– The authors expect that REIT managers and families can use the findings to develop viable and sustainable governance practices. Especially, being a publicly traded REIT implies to conform to the market expectations so there is a need to balance socio emotional wealth preservation with financial goals.

Originality/value
– The authors frame the paper on transaction cost economics and contribute to the literature by stating that the dominance of founders of family-controlled REITs are more aligned to keep the business under family control once the founder retires.
Multihost Bartonella parasites display covert host specificity even when transmitted by generalist vectors
Authors: Withenshaw Susan M. , Devevey Godefroy , Pedersen Amy B. , Fenton Andy 
Published: July 2016

Summary

Many parasites infect multiple sympatric host species, and there is a general assumption that parasite transmission between co‐occurring host species is commonplace. Such between‐species transmission could be key to parasite persistence within a disease reservoir and is consequently an emerging focus for disease control.

However, while a growing body of theory indicates the potential importance of between‐species transmission for parasite persistence, conclusive empirical evidence from natural communities is lacking, and the assumption that between‐species transmission is inevitable may therefore be wrong.

We investigated the occurrence of between‐species transmission in a well‐studied multihost parasite system. We identified the flea‐borne Bartonella parasites infecting sympatric populations of Apodemus sylvaticus (wood mice) and Myodes glareolus (bank voles) in the UK and confirmed that several Bartonella species infect both rodent species. However, counter to previous knowledge, genetic characterization of these parasites revealed covert host specificity, where each host species is associated with a distinct assemblage of genetic variants, indicating that between‐species transmission is rare.

Limited between‐species transmission could result from rare encounters between one host species and the parasites infecting another and/or host–parasite incompatibility. We investigated the occurrence of such encounter and compatibility barriers by identifying the flea species associated with each rodent host, and the Bartonella variants carried by individual fleas. We found that the majority of fleas were host‐generalists but the assemblage of Bartonella variants in fleas tended to reflect the assemblage of Bartonella variants in the host species they were collected from, thus providing evidence of encounter barriers mediated by limited between‐species flea transfer. However, we also found several fleas that were carrying variants never found in the host species from which they were collected, indicating some degree of host–pathogen incompatibility when barriers to encounter are overcome.

Overall, these findings challenge our default perceptions of multihost parasite persistence, as they show that despite considerable overlaps in host species ecology, separate populations of the same parasite species may circulate and persist independently in different sympatric host species. This questions our fundamental understanding of endemic transmission dynamics and the control of infection within natural reservoir communities.
Fixed dose of long‐acting erythropoietic stimulating agents at higher frequency improves appetite, reduces inflammation and corrects anaemia in patients on haemodialysis
Authors: Liu Wen‐Sheng , Chu Da‐Chen , Chan Hsiang‐Lin , Li Szu‐Yuan , Liu Chih‐Kuang , Yang Chih‐Yu , Chen Yu‐Wei , Lee Pui‐Ching , Lai Yen‐Ting , Lin Chih‐Ching 
Published: July 2016

SummaryAnaemia is an important issue in patients undergoing haemodialysis. We aimed to identify a better dosing schedule of a fixed monthly dose of continuous erythropoietin receptor activator (CERA) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on haemodialysis. The CERA dosing schedule included 100 μg once monthly for 2 months, 50 μg twice monthly for 2 months and then 100 μg once monthly for two months. The effectiveness was determined by comparing haematocrit, nutritional status (serum protein and albumin) and inflammatory markers (tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1, IL‐6 and Hepcidin) at the beginning of the study with those at the end of the study. Forty‐seven out of 67 patients completed the trial. At the end, haematocrit was significantly higher (34.51 vs 33.22%, P=.004), levels of inflammatory markers were significantly lower (TNF‐α (30.71 vs 35.67 ng/mL, P=.007), IL‐6 (5.12 vs 7.95 ng/mL, P=.033), hepcidin (60.39 vs 74.39 ng/mL, P=.002)), blood glucose levels were significantly lower (112.40 vs 139.02 mg/dL, P=.003) and albumin was significantly higher (4.11 vs 3.98, P=.001). Patients with a better than average response had a lower initial number of red blood cells (3.3 vs 3.6 × 106/mm3, P=.025) and a lower IL‐1 (3.8 vs 12.9 ng/mL, P=.01). They also had significantly lower blood glucose levels at the end. (91.3 vs 124.0 mg/dL, P=.03). We demonstrate that a fixed monthly dose of CERA at a twice monthly dosing schedule improves nutrition, reduces the inflammation and corrects anaemia in patients on haemodialysis. This finding may provide a new strategy for treating CKD‐related anaemia.
Sex‐linked differences in the course of chronic kidney disease and congestive heart failure: a study in 5/6 nephrectomized Ren‐2 transgenic hypertensive rats with volume overload induced using aorto‐caval fistula
Authors: Červenka Luděk , Škaroupková Petra , Kompanowska‐Jezierska Elzbieta , Sadowski Janusz 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe role of hypertension and the renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) in sex‐related differences in the course of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and congestive heart failure (CHF) remain unclear, especially when the two diseases are combined. In male and female Ren‐2 transgenic rats (TGR), a model of hypertension with activation of endogenous RAS, CKD was induced by 5/6 renal mass reduction (5/6 NX) and CHF was elicited by volume overload achieved by creation of an aorto‐caval fistula (ACF). The primary aim of the study was to examine long‐term CKD‐ and CHF‐related mortality, especially in animals with CKD and CHF combined, with particular interest in the potential sex‐related differences. The follow‐up period was 23 weeks after the first intervention (5/6 NX). We found, first, that TGR did not exhibit sexual dimorphism in the course of 5/6 NX‐induced CKD. Second, in contrast, TGR exhibited important sex‐related differences in the course of ACF‐induced CHF‐related mortality: intact female TGR showed higher survival rate than male TGR. This situation is reversed in the course of combined 5/6 NX‐induced CKD and ACF‐induced CHF‐related mortality: intact female TGR exhibited poorer survival than male TGR. Third, the survival rate in animals with combined 5/6 NX‐induced CKD and ACF‐induced CHF was significantly worsened as compared with rat groups that were exposed to ‘single organ disease’. Collectively, our present results clearly show that CKD aggravates long‐term mortality of animals with CHF. In addition, TGR exhibit remarkable sexual dimorphism with respect to CKD‐ and CHF‐related mortality, especially in animals with combined CKD and CHF.
Germination characteristics of five coexisting neotropical species of Acacia in seasonally dry Chaco forests in Argentina
Authors: Venier Paula , Cabido Marcelo , Funes Guillermo 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAt a regional scale, habitat heterogeneity can play a very important role in allowing the coexistence of species through their specialization in the use of patches differing in environmental conditions. Here, we explore responses of seed germination to environmental and anthropogenic factors of five Acacia species that co‐occur in subtropical dry Chaco forests in central Argentina and the habitat heterogeneity of this region. Open and closed sites were characterized in terms of environmental factors by measuring temperature, water content, light quality and soil conditions. Through germination experiments, we evaluated seed responses to both environmental (temperature, light quality and water stress) and anthropogenic factors (fire and cattle). Data were analyzed through a univariate analysis (generalized linear model, GLM) followed by a multivariate analysis (principal component analysis, PCA) in order to obtain a general pattern of Acacia seed responses. Some differences were detected among the Acacia species at the species level and the multivariate analysis (PCA) showed a general pattern with two groups of species differing in germination characteristics: A. aroma, A. caven and A. atramentaria had a higher number of hard seeds after fire and seed consumption by cattle, whereas A. praecox and A. gilliesii showed a reduced time to germinate under different environmental conditions. The multivariate analysis suggests a regenerative niche differentiation between two groups of Acacia species. The habitat heterogeneity described in the dry Chaco forests from central Argentina could facilitate the coexistence of the five Acacia species at the landscape and regional levels.
Inhibition of 2‐Amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo [4,5‐b]pyridine (PhIP) Formation by Alkoxy Radical Scavenging of Flavonoids and Their Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship in a Model System
Authors: Yu Chundi , Shao Zeping , Liu Bing , Zhang Yan , Wang Shuo 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe inhibitory effect of 10 flavonoids on the formation of 2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine (PhIP) in a creatinine–phenylalanine model system was investigated through electronic spin resonance and a quantitative structure–activity relationship. Alkoxy radicals were observed during the heating process, providing evidence for a radical pathway in the formation of PhIP. The alkoxy radical scavenging capability of the flavonoids was proportional to their inhibition of PhIP formation (IC50). We deduced that flavonoid inhibition of PhIP generation occurs via scavenging of alkoxy radicals during the heating process. Multiple linear regression and partial least squares models were used to elucidate the relationship between PhIP inhibition activity and structure characteristics of the flavonoids. The lipo–hydro partition coefficient and molecular fractional polar surface area of the flavonoids were found to be predictive of the inhibition effect.
Preprocedural but not periprocedural high‐sensitive Troponin T levels predict outcome in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Köhler Wiebke M. , Freitag‐Wolf Sandra , Lambers Moritz , Lutz Matthias , Niemann Philip Maximilian , Petzina Rainer , Lutter Georg , Bramlage Peter , Frey Norbert , Frank Derk 
Published: July 2016

SummaryAimRisk assessment of patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) remains difficult. Biomarkers have been shown to provide potential prognostic information. Here, we aimed to analyze whether the biomarker high‐sensitivity Troponin T (hsTNT) could be used to improve risk stratification.MethodWe prospectively enrolled 267 patients undergoing TAVI. Biomarkers (hsTNT and NTproBNP) were measured 1 day before, and 3 and 7 days postprocedure. All possible prognostic factors upon survival time were analyzed by Cox regression analysis.ResultsA total of 259 patients (mean age 82±6.1 years) were available for complete follow‐up. The median Logistic EuroSCORE (Log ES) and Log ES II were 21.16% (Q1=13.92; Q3=34.27) and 6.42% (Q1=3.89; Q3=11.07), respectively. Median follow‐up was 290 (Q1=88; Q3=529) days. A total of 71 deaths occurred during follow‐up, and the 30‐day mortality was 5.8%. Median baseline hsTNT was 27.4 pg/mL (Q1=16.2; Q3=46 pg/mL). From all potential mortality‐associated factors, only preprocedural hsTNT level (P=.001), elevated Log ES (P=.03) as well as acute kidney injury (P<.001) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (P=.039) emerged as independent prognostic parameters for adverse outcome. We also tested whether the Valve Academic Research Consortium‐2 (VARC‐II) cutoff for myocardial damage (hsTNT peak value exceeding 15× the upper reference limit + at least 50% increase) was of prognostic relevance. At 72‐hours post‐TAVI, 36.2% of the patients matched these VARC‐II criteria of myocardial damage. However, these patients did not display a difference in survival compared to patients without significant myocardial injury.ConclusionElevated preprocedural hsTNT represents an independent risk predictor of all‐cause death while periprocedural hsTNT elevation failed to show prognostic relevance.
Factors Explaining Variation in Alcohol Use Disorder Prevalence Across Border and Nonborder Communities in Texas
Authors: Zemore Sarah E. , Cherpitel Cheryl J. , Ye Yu , Borges Guilherme , Li Libo , Wallisch Lynn S. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundU.S. border populations have been found to be at high risk for alcohol problems. However, results from the U.S.–Mexico Study on Alcohol and Related Conditions (UMSARC) revealed surprisingly large variation in alcohol outcomes even among Texas border sites, with alcohol use disorder (AUD) prevalence ~1.5 to 1.6 times greater in the border city of Laredo compared to both San Antonio and the border site of McAllen/Brownsville. Because a better understanding of this variation is important to identifying environmental influences on AUD, we developed and tested a conceptual model addressing variation in AUD prevalence across Texas UMSARC sites.MethodsSurveys involved in‐person, household interviews with Mexican‐origin residents of the Texas border cities Laredo (n = 751) and McAllen/Brownsville (n = 814), with San Antonio as an off‐border comparison (n = 771). Interviews assessed past‐year DSM‐5 AUD; past‐year heavy drinking; coping and enhancement motives; and 7 indicators of substance use climate and stress exposure hypothesized to mediate site effects. Analyses, conducted separately by gender, included regressions and structural equation modeling with Mplus.ResultsPreliminary analyses revealed that site effects on AUD prevalence were, unexpectedly, exclusive to men, and that Laredan men were similar to McAllen/Brownsville men on demographics, acculturation, and cross‐border mobility. However, sites differed dramatically on most of the hypothesized risk factors. Structural equation models confirmed that site effects on AUD were partially mediated via effects of site on indicators of a permissive climate (i.e., permissive drinking norms, high drug availability) and stress exposures (i.e., high exposure to violence/crime, low family support), and via downstream effects on drinking motives and heavy drinking.ConclusionsFindings of very high rates of past‐12‐month AUD among Laredan men (35%) suggest the possibility of significant heterogeneity even within demographically similar border areas and underline the need for additional study of the border region. Findings regarding our conceptual model suggest that this model may constitute a useful initial framework for future research on alcohol problems at the border. However, additional research using representative samples is needed to confirm and expand this model to comprehensively address relevant individual and community factors.
Preferred practice location at medical school commencement strongly determines graduates' rural preferences and work locations
Authors: Herd Marie S. , Bulsara Max K. , Jones Michael P. , Mak Donna B. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo identify factors influencing whether Australian medical graduates prefer to, or actually, work rurally.DesignSecondary analysis of longitudinal data from Medical Schools Outcomes Database (MSOD) using univariate and multivariate logistic regression.SettingTwenty Australian medical schools.ParticipantsAustralian or New Zealand citizens and Australian permanent residents who completed MSOD questionnaires between 2006 and 2013.Main outcome measuresPreferred and actual work locations 1 (PGY1) and 3 (PGY3) years postgraduation.ResultsOf 20 784 participants, 4028 completed a PGY1 or PGY3 questionnaire. Self‐reported preference for rural practice location at medical school commencement was the most consistent independent predictor of whether a graduate would have a rural location preference at PGY1 (odds ratio (OR) 6.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.91–7.51) and PGY3 (OR 7.95, 95% CI 4.93–12.84), and work rurally during PGY1 (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.01–1.88) and PGY3 (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.30–2.64). The effect of preferred practice location at medical school commencement is independent of, and enhances the effect of, rural background. Graduates of graduate‐entry programs or with dependent children were less likely to have worked rurally during PGY1 and PGY3 respectively.ConclusionThe most consistent factor associated with rural preferences and work location was students' preferred location of practice at medical school commencement; this association is independent of, and enhances the effect of, rural background. Better understanding of what determines rural preference at medical school commencement and its influence on rural workplace outcomes beyond PGY3 is required to inform Australian medical school selection policies and rural health curricula.