bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunological Study for Interleukin-5 and GM-CSF for Complications Post-Wisdom Teeth Extraction
Authors: Uraibi Susan Hameed , Al-Amiedi Baha Hamdi , Kezar Mahdi Y. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Wisdom teeth extraction is one of the most common operations conducted in dental clinics and the most common duty performed in oral and maxillofacial surgery clinics. Complications from this treatment are common, including dry socket, postoperative discomfort, delayed healing, postoperative infection, hematoma, edema, and trismus.

Objectives:
The purpose of this study is to quantify the proinflammatory interleukin-5 (IL-5) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor before extraction in saliva by ELIZA technique from patients who visit the clinic to extract wisdom tooth to study its impact on problems following extraction.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 100 saliva study samples (50 cases and 50 control), 44 males and 56 females, aged 19–65 years, were referred to the surgical clinic, College of Dentistry, University of Babylon specialized dentistry centers, and private clinics in Hillah city, Iraq, to determine the levels of preoperative IL-5 and GM-CSF by ELIZA technique.

Results:
There were no major differences between females and males in both groups, according to the findings of this study. In comparison to the healthy subjects, however, patients showed higher significant differences in measuring (IL-5) and (GM-CSF) concentrations (366.81 ± 17.8, 12.26 ± 1.3) (P ≤ 0.05) by using the ROC test IL-5 and GM-CSF showed (cutoff 146.42, sensitivity 90%, specificity 82%), (cutoff 4.04, sensitivity 84%, specificity 72%).

Conclusion:
proinflammatory IL-5 and GM-CSF were shown to be higher in patients with complications following wisdom teeth extraction than it was in control; highly level of IL-5 and GM-CSF may Predict complications following extraction.
Genetic Basis of Biofilm Formation Genes Ebp and Bph (phos) among Multidrug Resistance Enterococcus faecalis Isolates, Iraq
Authors: Attia Muna Salman , Al-Azawi Ibtisam Habeeb 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Biofilm produced by Enterococcus spp. increase their inherent and acquired antibiotic resistance, posing a significant challenge to infection treatment, particularly in virulent strains.

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate some genes responsible for biofilm formation (Bph (phos) and EbpB) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 130 clinical samples were collected during this study, which were obtained from patients who were admitted to Feminine and Children Teaching Hospital in Al-Diwaniyah City during a period extending from (November 2022 to March 2023). All samples were subjected to culturing on different media (blood agar, MacConkey, Bile Esculin agar, and M-El chromogenic ager), after which catalase and oxidase tests were conducted biochemically. After cultivation, the VITEK-2 compact system was used to identify the samples. The isolates were investigated genotypically for harboring biofilm formation genes, including EbpB and Bph (phos), by molecular method (PCR).

Results:
The VITEK-2 compact system revealed that only 12 isolates were identified as E. faecalis. The most effective antibiotics against E. faecalis were (vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolide, tigecycline, and ampicillin), and the highest resistance was against erythromycin (100%) and tetracycline (91.6%). Enterococcus faecalis isolates were investigated genotypically for harboring biofilm formation genes that include EbpB and Bph (phos) by molecular methods, PCR. The results showed that EbpB and Bph (phos) genes were positive for all isolates with a percentage of 100%.

Conclusions:
It was found that the presence of biofilm formation genes in E. faecalis EbpB, and phos (Bph) increase the pathogenicity of this pathogen. These genes showed a high percentage among E. faecalis isolates. Also, all isolates had the potential to form a biofilm, which complicates their treatment with antibiotics, confirming the critical need to develop novel antimicrobial agents that control the infection associated with the development.
Serum Lipid Profile in Preeclamptic and Eclamptic Patients in North-Central Nigeria
Authors: Abdulkadir Zainab Ajoke , Ijaiya Munirdeen Aderemi , Adebara Idowu O. , Biliaminu Sikiru A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Context:
Preeclampsia and eclampsia contribute to 13% of maternal mortality. Central to its etiology are abnormal placentation and endothelial dysfunction. Studies of the maternal spiral arteries of these patients have revealed severe atherosis, extensive widespread endothelial dysfunction, and suspicion of abnormal lipid metabolism.

Aim:
This study was designed to determine the serum lipid profile in preeclamptic/eclamptic patients and compare it with normotensive controls.

Materials and Methods:
It was a comparative cross-sectional study, conducted in the Obstetrics and Gynecology unit, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital. The study population was a total of 192 women comprising 96 pregnant women with preeclampsia/eclampsia and an equal number of normotensive pregnant women who were matched for age, gestational age, and body mass index, as controls. Total serum cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density cholesterol, and high-density cholesterol were determined.

Results:
The mean total cholesterol among the subjects was 4.79 ± 1.46 mmol/l, compared with the controls which was 4.69 ± 2.05 mmol/l (P = 0.673). The mean high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in the subjects were 1.27 ± 0.71 mmol/l, compared to the control which was 1.73 ± 0.73 mmol/l (P = 0.013). The mean triglyceride in the subjects was 2.41 ± 0.92 mmol/l, and that of the controls was 2.74 ± 0.92 mmol/l (P = 0.001). Mean low-density lipoproteins (LDL) were 2.85 ± 1.32 mmol/l in the subjects and 2.83 ± 1.48 mmol/l in the controls (P = 0.917). There was no relationship between lipid levels and the severity of the disease. Eclampsia was however associated with a higher total serum cholesterol, while intrauterine fetal demise was associated with significantly lower mean triglycerides.

Conclusion:
HDL and triglycerides are significantly lower in preeclamptic and eclamptic patients.
Giant Primary Conjunctival Inclusion Cyst: A Case Report and Brief Literature Review
Authors: Reddy Shilpa S. , Satapathy Jasmita , Das Sucharita , Mohanty Pranita , Syal Ajay D. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A conjunctival cyst is a slow-growing benign lesion that forms beneath or on the conjunctiva. Inclusion cysts contribute to most cases, more commonly secondary than primary. In an inflamed inclusion cyst, inflammatory features may or may not be seen clinically but can be confirmed on histopathological evaluation after surgical excision of the cyst. Removal of the cyst surgically with complete cyst wall excision is desirable in all conjunctival cysts. We report a giant conjunctival inclusion cyst in a 44-year-old female with no history of trauma or surgery. The patient had a history of a tiny cyst present since childhood and was found to enlarge gradually to the present size in the last 4 months. The cyst was excised entirely without rupturing the wall. Histopathology of the excised tissue showed a thin-walled cystic structure lined by nonkeratinized epithelium stratified at places. The wall was composed of fibrocollagenous tissue infiltrated by sparse inflammatory cells with a predominance of lymphocytes forming lymphoid nodules. The histological diagnosis was consistent with a conjunctival inclusion cyst. Primary inclusion cysts are mostly present since childhood and often remain asymptomatic. The size may later increase and become symptomatic when triggered by some factors like trauma, infection, inflammation, and drugs.
Eyedrop Instillation Technique by Medical Interns: Assessment and Impact of Video-Assisted Training
Authors: Poojeri Umesh , Babu Mahesh , Bhavya HU , Shruthi Konatham 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aim:
To assess the eyedrop instillation technique by medical interns, and to study the effect of video-assisted training.

Methods:
This was a hospital based prospective study performed on interns of teaching institute. First, interns were asked to instil the eye drops on volunteers which was video recorded. Interns were then given ‘video-assisted training’ (VAT) of correct technique and again reassessment was performed immediately, after one-week and one-month interval. All the recorded videos were evaluated by a single independent blinded expert and scored according to the scoring system devised by subject experts based on the available literature. The data were entered in Microsoft Office Excel and statistical analysis was performed.

Results:
The study showed that before training 43.80% had good practice with mean test score of 6.32 ± 1.63. Immediately after video-assisted training, there was significant improvement in technique of instilling eye drop with mean test score of 9.01 ± 0.62 (P < 0.0001), after one week, the mean test score was 9.52 ± 0.71 (P < 0.0001), and after one-month, mean test score was 9.56 ± 0.75 (P < 0.0001). Each step of eyedrop instillation was compared before and after the VAT and the difference was found to be statistically significant (P value < 0.05).

Conclusion:
In our current study, initially interns had practised incorrect technique of instillation of eyedrop. But after video-assisted training there has been notable improvement in the technique of instilling eyedrop. Periodic VAT might be helpful in ensuring them to follow the correct technique regularly.
Ushering Patients Towards Strabismus Screening in Usher’s Syndrome
Authors: Shetty Tanvi , Ramani Soumya , Karanth Sahana , Vidya J 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This is a rare case of a patient with atypical retinitis pigmentosa, basic exotropia and hearing impairment in a 16-year-old child. She has been diagnosed as hearing impaired since birth. Her aided vision in both eyes was 6/9; the fundus showed hypopigmented lesions with a waxy pale disc, and she was found to have basic exotropia. All of these features suggest Usher’s syndrome. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of basic exotropia with Usher’s syndrome.
Real-Time Pupil Assessment by Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography in Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect and Comparison with Swinging Flash Method in Clear and Hazy Cornea
Authors: Soundararajan Deepika , Kumar Dhivya Ashok , Thambusamy Vijay A. , Agarwal Amar 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
To evaluate the real-time pupil diameter in relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and compare it with the swinging flashlight method (SFM).

Methods:
In this, prospective, non-randomized, comparative case series, patients with RAPD with clear and hazy cornea were included. The normals with no RAPD have been taken as controls. The pupillary responses were noted in both eyes and the difference in pupil sizes (in mm) was recorded using the SD-OCT (Cirrus 5000, Zeiss) and correlated with SFM. OCT images were evaluated by Image J analysis (Wayne Rasband and National Institute of health). Baseline pupil size, the amplitude of constriction, response to external light and comparison with control eyes and hazy cornea were analysed.

Results:
Overall, 102 eyes of 51 study patients were imaged. OCT was able to detect RAPD in 100% of eyes. There was a significant difference between the fellow and affected eye (P < 0.05) pupil diameter in the study group. The affected eye had a larger pupil diameter than that of the fellow. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between the amplitude of pupil constriction between the fellow and the affected eye. There was a significant difference in the pupil size with respect to the severity of RAPD (P < 0.05). OCT was able to detect RAPD in 13.7% of hazy corneas. There was a statistical correlation between the SFM and OCT grading (P < 0.001, r = 0.771). On comparison with normal controls, there was a significant difference in the amplitude of constriction and basal pupil size.

Conclusion:
SD-OCT can be used objectively to detect and document RAPD in clear and hazy corneas.
Clinical Profile and Visual Outcomes of Traumatic Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Balraj Arumugam , Umare Akshay K. , Kakoty Rashmirita 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Indirect traumatic optic neuropathy (ITON) arises from concussive shockwaves, causing secondary optic nerve damage. Limited treatment options exist for traumatic optic neuropathy (TON), and the use of steroids remains contentious, addressing the absence of a standardized protocol for this ophthalmic emergency.

Purpose:
To evaluate the clinical presentation and visual prognosis of ITON as well as the efficacy of steroids in treating ITON.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients diagnosed with ITON who sought medical attention spanning from January 2021 to December 2022. The study recorded the clinical profile as well as the ocular and cranial injuries. The study also evaluated the visual outcomes.

Results:
The total number of patients recruited in our study was 78. The mean age group found was 42 (ranging between 13 and 72 years of age). The most common mode of injury was a road traffic accident (83%), followed by home (10%) and factory accidents (7%). Only two cases had bilateral traumatic optic neuropathy. 93% of patients received steroids. The visual acuity at presentation was 6/6 to 6/18 in 32 cases (41%), 6/24 to 6/60 in 8 cases (10%), 5/60 to 3/60 in 1 case (1%) and worse than 3/60 in 37 cases (48%). Fifteen (20%) cases had optic canal fractures, and 15 (20%) had orbital wall fractures without optic nerve involvement. There was no noticeable improvement in visual acuity after 1 year. Only 9% improved, 3.9% worsened, and 87% remained unchanged.

Conclusions:
The study uncovered no significant association between visual acuity and treatment.
Awareness of Diabetic Retinopathy among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Attending the Tertiary Eye Hospital in Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Shrestha Arjun , Shrestha Biju , Suwal Rinkal , Suwal Barsha , Khadka Deepak , Sharma Samata , Shrestha Nirsara 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Lack of knowledge of the need for regular diabetic retinopathy screening (DRS) has turned many patients in the advanced stage of DR before first eye check-ups. Unfortunately, data on the knowledge, attitude, and behaviour of diabetic patients with DR are not satisfactory in Nepal. Here, we aim to assess the factors predisposing to awareness levels in the Nepalese context.

Methods:
This was an observational cross-sectional study enrolling 369 diabetic patients visiting the Hospital for Children, Eye, ENT and Rehabilitation Services between March 2020 and February 2021 after obtaining ethical clearance from the Nepal Health Research Council. A convenience sampling technique was used. The questionnaire was utilized to assess basic demographic profiles, awareness about diabetic retinopathy, and sources of information on the need for diabetic eye check-ups.

Results:
The mean (standard deviation) age of diabetes mellitus (DM) patients was 56.26 (11.13) years. The age group of 40–59 years comprised more than half of the total patients. Awareness of DR was 86.7% in this study. Education level and the duration of DM were directly proportional to the awareness level. Healthcare workers or physicians were the primary sources of information on awareness.

Conclusions:
Awareness of poor visual consequences of DR among patients with diabetes in Nepal is relatively satisfactory. However, patients’ willingness to undergo retinopathy check-ups was not up to the mark. Therefore, we recommend finding out the barrier to poor compliance with diabetic retinopathy in the future. The consumer-focussed health educational interventions and physician-based skills and the DRS facility would improve the awareness level in Nepal.
Clinical Profile of Thyroid Eye Disease and Factors Predictive of Disease Severity in Chennai District of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Ulla Mohamed Uwais , Nivean Pratheebadevi , Abrar Mohamed , Madhivanan Nivean 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Thyroid eye disease (TED) is a possibly sightthreatening ocular disease generally occurring in the patients diagnosed with hyperthyroidism. TED, also known as Graves orbitopathy, is typically self-limiting auto-immune disease linked with a dysthyroid status. Based on the ocular symptoms and signs, the current grading systems of TED are the VISA classification and the EUGOGO classification; each parameter of VISA score is separately graded and scored. Worsening in any of the VISA parameters is graded as an active disease in the geographic region of South India; there are no studies on clinical profiles of TED; hence, we planned to do this study to analyse the demographic profile and clinical manifestations of TED in patients.

Material and Methodology:
This study was done as an observational study for a period of 12 months. All patients with systemic thyroid disorder are included in the study. If lid retraction is seen, the presence of laboratory evidence of thyroid dysfunction, exophthalmos, optic nerve dysfunction, or extra ocular muscle involvement will be considered as TED. In case of no lid retraction in a patient with laboratory evidence of thyroid dysfunction, the presence of exophthalmos, optic nerve involvement, or restrictive myopathy will be considered as TED. Patients with diagnosis of TED were further evaluated. TED was graded according to VISA and EUGOGO classification.

Results:
This study was done as an observational study in 50 patients diagnosed with TED. In our study population, 32 (64%) were hyperthyroid, 11 (22%) were hypothyroidism, and the rest 7 (14%) were euthyroid. The most common presenting complaints were dryness of eye in 46% of patients, followed by blurred vision in 38% of patients. We evaluated severity of disease using EUGOGO score, and 42 patients had mild disease, while six had moderate disease and two patients had severe disease. Based on VISA score, in our study population, only two patients had active disease and the rest 48 had inactive disease.

Conclusion:
Thyroid status has a direct and positive correlation with active stage of disease and severity. Hyperthyroidism and active disease were risk factors for severe and sight-threatening disease, emphasising the need for close follow-up and prompt detection and management of severe and sight-threatening disease, especially in newly diagnosed hyperthyroid patients. It is important to diagnose TED at the earliest to prevent vision-threatening complications. Early identification and management will help in reducing the severity of disease.
Correlative Study of Central Corneal Thickness and Intraocular Pressure with Optic Disc Changes in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Bada GnanaJyothi C. , Abid Abdul Rauf , Patil Satish S. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is characterised by open angles, raised intraocular pressure (IOP) and optic disc changes. Undetected glaucoma is the third leading cause of blindness. The study aims to correlate central corneal thickness and IOP with optic disc changes in POAG and to aid in the early detection and timely management of glaucoma to prevent advanced damage and vision loss.

Methods:
In this hospital-based prospective observational study, 50 cases (100 eyes) of POAG were selected after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Detailed history, ocular examination, visual acuity testing, slit-lamp examination, gonioscopy, ultrasound pachymetry for central corneal thickness (CCT), IOP with Goldmann Applanation Tonometry (GAT), fundus examination with +90D lens and visual fields on Humphrey’s automated field analyser were performed for all patients.

Results:
There was a statistically highly significant positive correlation between IOP and CCT in the right and left eyes (P < 0.01). There was a statistically very highly significant difference between mean IOP and mean corrected IOP in the right eye and left eye also (P < 0.001). There was a statistically very highly significant difference in IOP, CCT and fundus cup-to-disc ratio (CDR) with HAP staging (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
IOP was positively related to CCT. Thinner CCT <510μm eyes are at greater risk for more advanced disc cupping. Disc cupping increased proportionately with the rise in IOP. Thinner corneal readings should alarm the ophthalmologist to evaluate the patient thoroughly for glaucoma and monitor follow-up to keep a check on possible progression.
Clinicopathological analysis of small intestinal metastasis from extra-abdominal/extra-pelvic malignancy
Authors: Zhang Zhi , Liu Jing , Yu Peng-Fei , Yang Hai-Rui , Li Jin-Yang , Dong Zhi-Wei , Shi Wei , Gu Guo-Li 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND
The metastatic tumors in the small intestine secondary to extra-abdominal/extra-pelvic malignancy are extremely rare. However, the small intestine metastases are extremely prone to misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis due to the lack of specific clinical manifestations and examination methods, thus delaying its treatment. Therefore, in order to improve clinical diagnosis and treatment capabilities, it is necessary to summarize its clinical pathological characteristics and prognosis.
AIM
To summarize the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with small intestinal metastases from extra-abdominal/extra-pelvic malignancy, and to improve the clinical capability of diagnosis and treatment for rare metastatic tumors in the small intestine.
METHODS
The clinical data of patients with small intestinal metastases from extra-abdominal/extra-pelvic malignancy were retrieved and summarized, who admitted to and treated in the Air Force Medical Center, Chinese People’s Liberation Army. Then descriptive statistics were performed on the general conditions, primary tumors, secondary tumors in the small intestine, diagnosis and treatment processes, and prognosis.
RESULTS
Totally 11 patients (9 males and 2 females) were enrolled in this study, including 8 cases (72.3%) of primary lung cancer, 1 case (9.1%) of malignant lymphoma of the thyroid, 1 case (9.1%) of cutaneous malignant melanoma, and 1 case (9.1%) of testicular cancer. The median age at the diagnosis of primary tumors was 57.9 years old, the median age at the diagnosis of metastatic tumors in the small intestine was 58.81 years old, and the average duration from initial diagnosis of primary tumors to definite diagnosis of small intestinal metastases was 9 months (0-36 months). Moreover, small intestinal metastases was identified at the diagnosis of primary tumors in 4 cases. The small intestinal metastases were distributed in the jejunum and ileum, with such clinical manifestations as hematochezia (5, 45.4%) and abdominal pain, vomiting and other obstruction (4, 36.4%). In addition, 2 patients had no obvious symptoms at the diagnosis of small intestinal metastases, and 5 patients underwent radical resection of small intestinal malignancies and recovered well after surgery. A total of 3 patients did not receive subsequent treatment due to advanced conditions.
CONCLUSION
Small intestinal metastases of extra-abdominal/extra-pelvic malignancy is rare with high malignancy and great difficulty in diagnosis and treatment. Clinically, patients with extra-abdominal/extra-pelvic malignancy should be alert to the occurrence of this disease, and their prognosis may be improved through active surgery combined with standard targeted therapy.