bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal identification of clinically distinct neurophenotypes in young children with fragile X syndrome
Authors: Bruno Jennifer L. , Romano David , Mazaika Paul , Lightbody Amy A. , Hazlett Heather Cody , Piven Joseph , Reiss Allan L. 
Published: September 2017

Significance
We present a research study that uses early structural brain growth as a metric for defining subgroups within individuals with fragile X syndrome (FXS). Topological data analysis, a type of multivariate pattern classification, identified two large subgroups based solely on the longitudinal structural brain images. Post hoc analysis indicated significant, unidirectional differences in cognition, adaptive functioning, and autism severity scores. Our results support the use of longitudinal topological data analysis (TDA) as a putative tool for differentiating individuals with FXS based on neuroanatomical data. This information may be used to predict outcomes and guide design of targeted therapies for individuals with FXS. Longitudinal TDA may be a useful analysis tool to explore variation in other neuropsychiatric disorders.
Extinction risk is most acute for the world’s largest and smallest vertebrates
Authors: Ripple William J. , Wolf Christopher , Newsome Thomas M. , Hoffmann Michael , Wirsing Aaron J. , McCauley Douglas J. 
Published: September 2017

Significance
Determining the drivers of extinction risk has been a key pursuit of conservation biology. Considering that body mass could be a strong predictor of extinction risk, we constructed a global database of body masses for 27,647 vertebrate species. Results show that the smallest- and largest-bodied vertebrates have elevated extinction risk. The largest vertebrates are mostly threatened by direct killing by humans, whereas the smallest species are more likely to have restricted geographic ranges—an important predictor of extinction risk—and be threatened by habitat degradation. Declines of large and small vertebrate species will truncate the size distributions characterizing these taxa, jeopardizing ecosystem services to humans, and generating cascading ecological and evolutionary effects on other species and processes.
Transparent, conformable, active multielectrode array using organic electrochemical transistors
Authors: Lee Wonryung , Kim Dongmin , Matsuhisa Naoji , Nagase Masae , Sekino Masaki , Malliaras George G. , Yokota Tomoyuki , Someya Takao 
Published: September 2017

Significance
We have developed a transparent, ultraflexible, and active multielectrode array (MEA), which consists of transparent organic electrochemical transistors and transparent Au grid wirings. The micropatterned Au grid showed 60% transparency at 475-nm wavelength. The transparent active MEA showed the spatial mapping of electrocorticogram electrical signals from an optogenetic rat with 1-mm spacing and shows lower light artifacts than noise level.
Antagonism correlates with metabolic similarity in diverse bacteria
Authors: Russel Jakob , Røder Henriette L. , Madsen Jonas S. , Burmølle Mette , Sørensen Søren J. 
Published: September 2017

Significance
Diverse species from all over the bacterial tree of life produce antibiotics to limit the growth of competitors and thereby enhance their resource availability. Here we examined the pairwise inhibition between bacterial species from natural settings. We find that bacteria mainly inhibit the growth of metabolically similar and evolutionary related species, in line with Darwin’s age old competition-relatedness hypothesis. We further find that inhibiting the growth of other species is associated with a generalist lifestyle, suggesting a trade-off between specialists efficiently growing on few resources and generalists who are able to use many resources but have to inhibit the specialists to obtain them.
Critical role of caveolin-1 in ocular neovascularization and multitargeted antiangiogenic effects of cavtratin via JNK
Authors: Jiang Yida , Lin Xianchai , Tang Zhongshu , Lee Chunsik , Tian Geng , Du Yuxiang , Yin Xiangke , Ren Xiangrong , Huang Lijuan , Ye Zhimin , Chen Wei , Zhang Fan , Mi Jia , Gao Zhiqin , Wang Shasha , Chen Qishan , Xing Liying , Wang Bin , Cao Yihai , Sessa William C. , Ju Rong , Liu Yizhi , Li Xuri 
Published: September 2017

Significance
Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is a major structural protein of caveolae found in cell membranes and is critical for numerous cellular functions. However, it remains unclear whether Cav-1 plays a role in ocular neovascularization, a major cause of blindness. In this study, we found that the gene deletion of Cav-1 exacerbates ocular neovascularization, and cavtratin, a cell permeable peptide mimicking Cav-1 function, inhibits ocular neovascularization by targeting multiple critical components of angiogenesis. Importantly, combined administration of cavtratin and anti–VEGF-A inhibits neovascularization more effectively, suggesting at least a partially VEGF-A–independent effect of cavtratin. Our findings reveal multitargeted effects of caveolin-1 and cavtratin in ocular neovascularization that may be of great therapeutic value for antiangiogenic therapy.
Defective decidualization during and after severe preeclampsia reveals a possible maternal contribution to the etiology
Authors: Garrido-Gomez Tamara , Dominguez Francisco , Quiñonero Alicia , Diaz-Gimeno Patricia , Kapidzic Mirhan , Gormley Matthew , Ona Katherine , Padilla-Iserte Pablo , McMaster Michael , Genbacev Olga , Perales Alfredo , Fisher Susan J. , Simón Carlos 
Published: September 2017

Significance
We provide evidence of a decidualization defect in the endometrium of women with severe preeclampsia (PE) that was detected at the time of delivery and persisted years after the affected pregnancy. We went on to link this defect to impaired cytotrophoblast invasion. The transcriptional signature of the defect could enable its detection before (or after) conception, which would aid the development of therapies focused on improving decidualization and perhaps preventing severe PE.
Host modification of a bacterial quorum-sensing signal induces a phenotypic switch in bacterial symbionts
Authors: Pietschke Cleo , Treitz Christian , Forêt Sylvain , Schultze Annika , Künzel Sven , Tholey Andreas , Bosch Thomas C. G. , Fraune Sebastian 
Published: September 2017

SignificanceSpecific bacterial communities colonize epithelial surfaces of most animals. In the last years many host mechanisms that control bacterial community composition have been identified. In contrast, only a few mechanisms are known that allow the host to target the behavior of its bacterial colonizers. We identified a eukaryotic mechanism based on an oxidoreductase activity, which enables the cnidarianHydrato modify bacterial quorum-sensing (QS) molecules. The modification of QS signals leads to a phenotypic switch in the bacterial symbionts and promotes colonization of host tissue.
NCoR1-independent mechanism plays a role in the action of the unliganded thyroid hormone receptor
Authors: Mendoza Arturo , Astapova Inna , Shimizu Hiroaki , Gallop Molly R. , Al-Sowaimel Lujain , MacGowan S. M. Dileas , Bergmann Tim , Berg Anders H. , Tenen Danielle E. , Jacobs Christopher , Lyubetskaya Anna , Tsai Linus , Hollenberg Anthony N. 
Published: September 2017

Significance
Thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) mediate the genomic actions of thyroid hormones. In the absence of T3 (3,3′,5-triiodothyronine), the TR recruits a multiprotein repressor complex that decreases histone acetylation in the vicinity of target genes. Nuclear receptor corepressor 1 (NCoR1) is hypothesized to be the main corepressor that interacts with TR. Here we report that the deletion of NCoR1 does not prevent all gene repression and histone deacetylation across a variety of mouse models, whereas only the lack of TR was able to overturn the effects of hypothyroidism. Thus, we conclude that NCoR1 is not sufficient to mediate the actions of the unliganded TR; furthermore, our data suggest that alternative mechanisms of repression may be involved in the action of TRs.
Isolation of exosomes from whole blood by integrating acoustics and microfluidics
Authors: Wu Mengxi , Ouyang Yingshi , Wang Zeyu , Zhang Rui , Huang Po-Hsun , Chen Chuyi , Li Hui , Li Peng , Quinn David , Dao Ming , Suresh Subra , Sadovsky Yoel , Huang Tony Jun 
Published: September 2017

Significance
We have developed a unique, integrated, on-chip technology that is capable of isolating exosomes or other types of extracellular vesicles, directly from undiluted whole-blood samples in an automated fashion. Automated exosome isolation enables biohazard containment, short processing time, reproducible results with little human intervention, and convenient integration with downstream exosome analysis units. Our method of integrating acoustics and microfluidics leads to the isolation of exosomes with high purity and yield. With its label-free, contact-free, and biocompatible nature, it offers the potential to preserve the structures, characteristics, and functions of isolated exosomes. This automated, point-of-care device can further help in advancing exosome-related biomedical research with potential applications in health monitoring, disease diagnostics, and therapeutics.
Evolution of the 3-hydroxypropionate bicycle and recent transfer of anoxygenic photosynthesis into the Chloroflexi
Authors: Shih Patrick M. , Ward Lewis M. , Fischer Woodward W. 
Published: September 2017

Significance
Photosynthesis supports life on our planet; however, we know very little about the origins of this metabolism. Anoxygenic photosynthesis existed prior to the evolution of its more complex counterpart, oxygenic photosynthesis. It is not known which groups of microbes performed anoxygenic photosynthesis on early Earth; one idea has argued that anoxygenic photosynthesis evolved in the bacterial phylum Chloroflexi. We compared the genomes of different members of the Chloroflexi, finding that acquisition of photosynthesis and their unique carbon fixation metabolism evolved remarkably late in Earth history—a time long after the rise of oxygen in the atmosphere.
Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif–dependent functions of an MHC class I-specific NK cell receptor
Authors: Bern Michael D. , Beckman Diana L. , Ebihara Takashi , Taffner Samantha M. , Poursine-Laurent Jennifer , White J. Michael , Yokoyama Wayne M. 
Published: September 2017

SignificanceNatural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic immune cells that are regulated by inhibitory receptors, such as murine Ly49s, that bind to MHC class I (MHC-I). Cancer immunotherapies are currently in clinical trial that target inhibitory NK-cell receptors analogous to checkpoint inhibitors that block inhibitory receptors on T cells. To improve checkpoint blockade of NK cells, it is critical to better understand the in vivo functions of inhibitory NK-cell receptors. Here, we developed a knock-in mouse with a targeted mutation predicted to abolish the signaling motif of the inhibitory receptor Ly49A. This mutant mouse revealed multiple mechanisms by which inhibitory receptor signaling controls NK-cell self-tolerance that could impact the efficacy of checkpoint blockade of NK cells.
TrkB neurotrophic activities are blocked by α-synuclein, triggering dopaminergic cell death in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Kang Seong Su , Zhang Zhentao , Liu Xia , Manfredsson Fredric P. , Benskey Matthew J. , Cao Xuebing , Xu Jun , Sun Yi E. , Ye Keqiang 
Published: September 2017

Significance
Alpha-synuclein plays an important role in the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD), however the molecular mechanisms related to α-synuclein in neurodegeneration of PD remain unknown. We show that α-synuclein specifically inhibits BDNF/TrkB signaling, leading to dopaminergic neuronal death. The disruption of this interaction rescues TrkB signaling, preventing α-Syn–induced dopaminergic neuronal death and restoring motor functions. This study reveals the mechanism related to α-synuclein–induced neurotoxicity of PD via regulation of TrkB neurotrophic signaling.
The Northern Subject Rule in the Irish diaspora
Authors: Bonness Dania Jovanna 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This article examines the Northern Subject Rule in the Irish diaspora, studying letters from two generations of an Ulster emigrant family in 19th-century New Zealand. The study shows that the concord pattern frequently used by the parent generation almost completely disappeared in the language of their New Zealand-born children. The results suggest that the children skipped the stage of “extreme variability” that is claimed to be characteristic of the language of the first colony-born immigrants in the new-dialect formation framework (Trudgill 2004). This study aims to contribute to work on early New Zealand English grammar (e.g. Hundt 2012, 2015a, 2015b; Hundt and Szmrecsanyi 2012) and it adds new insights into the formation of New Zealand English. It, furthermore, contributes to research on dialect contact between Irish English and other colonial varieties of English as well as new-dialect formation.
Negative concord in the language of British adults and teenagers
Authors: Palacios Ignacio M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractNegative concord (NC) (e.g.I don’t know nobody in Havering) has been the focus of a considerable number of diachronic as well as sociolinguistic studies, mainly in terms of its pervasiveness in the most common varieties of English. This paper contributes to the existing literature on the topic by examining NC in the language of British adults and teenagers. The findings, based on the analysis of data from three comparable adult and teenager corpora, indicate that: (i) NC is much more frequent in teenagers than in adults; (ii) the language of teenagers shows a wider variety of NC patterns than that of adults; (iii) the number of multiple negatives (e.g.I don’t want nothing to do with you no more) is not as common as expected, and they are found mainly in the expression of teenagers; (iv) pragmatically speaking, NC structures may be used to accentuate a negative meaning, although they are often equivalent to single negatives.
For wind turbines in complex terrain, the devil is in the detail
Authors: Lange Julia , Mann Jakob , Berg Jacob , Parvu Dan , Kilpatrick Ryan , Costache Adrian , Chowdhury Jubayer , Siddiqui Kamran , Hangan Horia 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe cost of energy produced by onshore wind turbines is among the lowest available; however, onshore wind turbines are often positioned in a complex terrain, where the wind resources and wind conditions are quite uncertain due to the surrounding topography and/or vegetation. In this study, we use a scale model in a three-dimensional wind-testing chamber to show how minor changes in the terrain can result in significant differences in the flow at turbine height. These differences affect not only the power performance but also the life-time and maintenance costs of wind turbines, and hence, the economy and feasibility of wind turbine projects. We find that the mean wind, wind shear and turbulence level are extremely sensitive to the exact details of the terrain: a small modification of the edge of our scale model, results in a reduction of the estimated annual energy production by at least 50% and an increase in the turbulence level by a factor of five in the worst-case scenario with the most unfavorable wind direction. Wind farm developers should be aware that near escarpments destructive flows can occur and their extent is uncertain thus warranting on-site field measurements.
ASCOT: Autologous Bone Marrow Stem Cell Use for Osteoarthritis of the Thumb—First Carpometacarpal Joint
Authors: Murphy Matthew P. , Buckley Christina , Sugrue Conor , Carr Emma , O’Reilly Aine , O’Neill Shane , Carroll Sean M. 
Published: September 2017

Background:
The first carpometacarpal joint (CMCJ) in the hand is a commonly affected joint by osteoarthritis. It causes significant thumb base pain, limiting functional capacity. Microfracturing and application of autologous stem cells has been performed on large joints such as the knee but has never been evaluated for use in the smaller joints in the hand. Our aim was to determine the potential benefit of microfracturing and autologous bone marrow stem cells for treatment of osteoarthritis of the first CMCJ in the hand.

Methods:
All inclusion criteria were satisfied. Preoperative assessment by the surgeon, physiotherapist, and occupational therapist was performed. The first CMCJ was microfractured and the Bone Marrow Stem Cells were applied directly. Postoperatively, the patients were followed up for 1 year.

Results:
Fifteen patients met inclusion criteria; however, 2 patients were excluded due to postoperative cellulitis and diagnosis of De Quervain's tenosynovitis. The mean scores of the 13-patient preoperative and 1 year follow-up assessments are visual analog score at rest of 3.23–1.69 (P = 0.0292), visual analog score on activity of 7.92–4.23 (P = 0.0019), range of motion 45.77o–55.15o (P = 0.0195), thumb opposition score 7.62–9.23 (P = 0.0154), Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score of 51.67–23.08 (P = 0.0065). Strength improved insignificantly from 4.7 kg preoperatively to 5.53 kg at 12 months (P = 0.1257). All patients had a positive Grind test preoperatively and a negative test after 12 months.

Conclusions:
This innovative pilot study is a new approach to osteoarthritis of the thumb.
Genetic Variant Near PLXDC2 Influences the Risk of Primary Open-angle Glaucoma by Increasing Intraocular Pressure in the Japanese Population
Authors: Mabuchi Fumihiko , Mabuchi Nakako , Takamoto Mitsuko , Sakurada Yoichi , Yoneyama Seigo , Kashiwagi Kenji , Iijima Hiroyuki , Yamagata Zentaro , Aihara Makoto , Iwata Takeshi , Araie Makoto 
Published: September 2017

Purpose:
The purpose of this study is to assess the association between the genetic variants that were previously reported to be associated with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in the Japanese population and the phenotypic features.

Methods:
A total of 661 Japanese patients including 417 patients with POAG [normal tension glaucoma (NTG), n=210; high tension glaucoma (HTG), n=207] and 244 control subjects without glaucoma were analyzed for 3 genetic variants: rs547984 (near gene: ZP4), rs7081455 (PLXDC2), and rs7961953 (TMTC2). The allele frequency differences between POAG (NTG or HTG) patients and control subjects were estimated. The association between these genetic variants and the phenotypic features, including the maximum intraocular pressure (IOP) and the vertical cup-to-disc ratio, was evaluated.

Results:
There was a significant difference in the rs7081455 (PLXDC2) allele frequencies between the POAG (P=0.0050) patients and the control subjects. An almost 1.5 increase in the risk of POAG (P=0.0042, odds ratio 1.52) was found with a G allele of rs7081455 (PLXDC2). The maximum IOP [23.5±10.3 mm Hg (mean±SD)] in patients with the GG genotype of rs7081455 (PLXDC2) was significantly higher (P=0.0037) than that (19.9±7.4 mm Hg) in patients with the TT genotype.

Conclusions:
The genetic variant near the PLXDC2 gene was found to influence the risk of POAG by increasing IOP in the Japanese population.
The Burden of Mental Illness Among Veterans
Authors: Maynard Charles , Batten Adam , Liu Chuan-Fen , Nelson Karin , Fihn Stephan D 
Published: September 2017

Background:
Little is known about how Veterans with service-connected conditions use health care provided by the Veterans Health Administration (VHA).

Objectives:
To ascertain what proportion of Veterans with service-connected conditions used VHA health care and whether it varied according to type of condition, combined disability rating, age, sex, military rank, or other characteristics and whether there were differences in receipt of inpatient and outpatient care.

Research Design:
Cross-sectional analysis of administrative benefits and claims data for 2015 and 2016.

Subjects:
In total, 4,029,672 Veterans who had an active award status for service-connected conditions in October 2016.

Measures:
Independent variables included age, sex, military rank, service branch, combined disability rating, Agent Orange exposure, and type of service-connected condition. The key-dependent variable was VHA health care use including specific types of health care utilization such as inpatient and outpatient services.

Results:
In total, 52% of those with service-connected conditions used VHA health care. Type of condition and disability rating were associated with use. Over 65% of those with major depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Agent Orange exposure, or diabetes used VHA health care, as did 76% of those with a 100% rating. Almost one third of users of VHA health care were compensated for PTSD. In general, both inpatient and outpatient mental health services were frequently used by Veterans with service-connected mental health conditions.

Conclusions:
Veterans with service-connected conditions, particularly those with diabetes or mental illness such as depression or PTSD, depend heavily upon VHA for health care, including mental health services.
A Nurse-Led Care Program for Breast Cancer Patients in a Chemotherapy Day Center
Authors: Lai Xiao Bin , Ching Shirley Siu Yin , Wong Frances Kam Yuet , Leung Carenx Wai Yee , Lee Lai Ha , Wong Jessica Shuk Yin , Lo Yim Fan 
Published: September 2017

Background
Healthcare providers are facing the challenge of helping cancer patients cope with the impact of outpatient-based chemotherapy. A nurse-led care program was proposed to address this challenge.

Objective
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a nurse-led care program for patients receiving outpatient-based chemotherapy.

Methods
This was a single-center, open-label, 2-arm parallel trial with equal randomization (NCT02228200). Breast cancer patients in Hong Kong were randomly allocated to the intervention arm or the control arm. The control arm received routine hospital care. The intervention arm received the nurse-led care plus the routine hospital care. The quality of life, self-efficacy, symptom distress levels, and satisfaction with care were evaluated with questionnaires before randomization (T0), in the middle of chemotherapy (T1), and 1 month after chemotherapy (T2). Individual interviews were conducted with some participants in the intervention arm at T2.

Results
The intervention arm participants reported significantly lower distress levels from oral problems, fatigue, peripheral neuropathy, distressful feelings, and higher satisfaction with care. According to the satisfaction evaluation and the interviews, the participants stated that the service was helpful in providing information and communication opportunities, filling the service gap after drug administration, providing psychological support, relieving discomfort, and building confidence.

Conclusion
Breast cancer patients received support from the provision of comprehensive, continuous, and individualized care.

Implications for Practice
The nurse-led care program could be applied to breast cancer patients in other hospitals in Hong Kong. Exploring its applicability to cancer settings in other countries is recommended.