bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural Insights from 59Co Solid‐State NMR Experiments on Organocobalt(I) Catalysts
Authors: Burgess Kevin M. N. , Widdifield Cory M. , Xu Yang , Leroy César , Bryce David L. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA series of fumarate‐based organocobalt(I) [CoCp(CO)(fumarate)] catalysts is synthesized and characterized by X‐ray crystallography, multinuclear (13C and 59Co) solid‐state NMR spectroscopy, and 59Co NQR spectroscopy. Given the dearth of 59Co solid‐state NMR studies on CoI compounds, the present work constitutes the first systematic characterization of the 59Co electric field gradient and chemical shift tensors for a series of cobalt complexes in this oxidation state. Using X‐ray crystallography, the molecular geometry about the CoI centre is found to be nearly identical in all compounds studied herein. Owing to the 59Co nucleus’ large chemical shift range, solid‐state NMR experiments are found to be able to detect small structural differences between the individual organocobalt(I) compounds. With the aid of density functional theory calculations on these complexes, it is shown that the 59Co chemical shift anisotropy and the 59Co quadrupolar coupling constant are both extremely sensitive gauges of the Fu‐Co‐Cp bond angle, providing a link between these 59Co NMR observables and the catalysts’ structures.
ELISA for Molluscum Contagiosum Virus
Authors: Sherwani Subuhi , Chowdhury Mohammed , Bugert Joachim J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMolluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) is a common skin pathogen of children and young adults. Infection with MCV causes benign skin tumors in children and young adults and is mostly self‐limiting. In contrast to orthopoxviruses, MCV infections tend to take a subacute clinical course but may persist for up to 12 months. Current numbers for MCV seroprevalence in different geographical areas are based on a variety of historical serological methods from complement fixation assays to MCV ELISAs based on purified MCV virions and MC133 antigen expressed in a Semliki Forest Virus expression system. A standardized ELISA for the assessment of MCV seroprevalence would be useful to determine global MCV seroprevalence. The methods described show that polypeptides derived from MCV open reading frames MC084 (residues V123 to R230 and V33 to G117), mc133 (residues M1 to N370), and glutathione S‐transferase (GST)‐H3L (residues I142 to W251) expressed in E. coli RIL+ as GST fusion proteins can be used to assess antibody binding in a GST capture ELISA. We show how the ELISA can be used to screen a panel of patient sera previously characterized with the mc084 V123‐R230 ELISA. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Complete Depolymerization and Repolymerization of a Sugar Poly(orthoester)
Authors: Li Lingyao , Maiti Sampa , Thompson Nicole A. , Milligan Ian J. , Du Wenjun 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe capability of a polymer to depolymerize, regenerating its original monomer for further polymerization, is very attractive in terms of sustainability. Recently discovered sugar poly(orthoesters) are an important class of glycopolymer. The high sensitivity of the backbone orthoester linkage toward acidolysis provides a valuable model to study the depolymerization. Herein, a sugar poly(orthoester) is shown to be completely depolymerized under acidic conditions. Interestingly, instead of the original monomer, the depolymerization gave a stable cyclic product (1,6‐anhydro glucopyranose) in most cases, which was kinetically and thermodynamically favored. However, this pathway could be inhibited by chemically deactivating a key intermediate and thus favoring the formation of the original monomer. Efficient repolymerizaton of the regenerated monomer is also demonstrated.
Dynamic preferential allocation to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi explains fungal succession and coexistence
Authors: Bachelot Benedicte , Lee Charlotte T. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEvidence accumulates about the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in shaping plant communities, but little is known about the factors determining the biomass and coexistence of several types of AM fungi in a plant community. Here, using a consumer‐resource framework that treats the relationship between plants and fungi as simultaneous, reciprocal exploitation, we investigated what patterns of dynamic preferential plant carbon allocation to empirically‐defined fungal types (on‐going partner choice) would be optimal for plants, and how these patterns depend on successional dynamics. We found that ruderal AM fungi can dominate under low steady‐state nutrient availability, and competitor AM fungi can dominate at higher steady‐state nutrient availability; these are conditions characteristic of early and late succession, respectively. We also found that dynamic preferential allocation alone can maintain a diversity of mutualists, suggesting that on‐going partner choice is a new coexistence mechanism for mutualists. Our model can therefore explain both mutualist coexistence and successional strategy, providing a powerful tool to derive testable predictions.
Analyzing community‐weighted trait means across environmental gradients: should phylogeny stay or should it go?
Authors: Duarte Leandro D. S. , Debastiani Vanderlei J. , Carlucci Marcos B. , Diniz‐Filho José Alexandre F. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractFunctional traits mediate ecological responses of organisms to the environment, determining community structure. Community‐weighted trait means (CWM) are often used to characterize communities by combining information on species traits and distribution. RelatingCWMvariation to environmental gradients allows for evaluating species sorting across the metacommunity, either based on correlation tests or ordinary least squares (OLS) models. Yet, it is not clear if phylogenetic signal in both traits and species distribution affect those analyses. On one hand, phylogenetic signal might indicate niche conservatism along clade evolution, reinforcing the environmental signal in trait assembly patterns. On the other hand, it might introduce phylogenetic autocorrelation to mean trait variation among communities. Under this latter scenario, phylogenetic signal might inflate type I error in analysis relatingCWMvariation to environmental gradients. We explore multiple ways phylogenetic history may influence analysis relatingCWMto environmental gradients. We propose the concept of neutral trait diffusion, which predicts that for a functional traitx,CWMvariation among local communities does not deviate from the expectation thatxevolved according to a neutral evolutionary process. Based on this framework we introduce a graphical tool called neutral trait diffusion representation (NTDR) that allows for the evaluation of whether it is necessary to carry out phylogenetic correction in the trait prior to analyzing the association betweenCWMand environmental gradients. We illustrate theNTDRapproach using simulated traits, phylogenies and metacommunities. We show that even under moderate phylogenetic signal in both the trait used to defineCWMand species distribution across communities,OLSmodels relatingCWMvariation to environmental gradients lead to inflated type I error when testing the null hypothesis of no association betweenCWMand environmental gradient. To overcome this issue, we propose a phylogenetic correction forOLSmodels and evaluate its statistical performance (type I error and power). Phylogeny‐correctedOLSmodels successfully control for type I error in analysis relatingCWMvariation to environmental gradients but may show decreased power. Combining the exploratory tool ofNTDRand phylogenetic correction in traits, when necessary, guarantees more precise inferences about the environmental forces driving trait‐mediated species sorting across metacommunities.
Cell‐free production of pore forming toxins: Functional analysis of thermostable direct hemolysin from Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Authors: Dondapati Srujan Kumar , Wüstenhagen Doreen A , Strauch Eckhard , Kubick Stefan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe pore forming characteristic of TDH1 and TDH2 variants of thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH), a major toxin involved in the pathogenesis of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, was studied on a planar lipid bilayer painted over individual picoliter cavities containing microelectrodes assembled in a multiarray. Both proteins formed pores upon insertion into the lipid bilayer which was shown as a shift in the conductance from the baseline current. TDH2 protein was able to produce stable currents and the currents were influenced by external factors like concentration, type of salt and voltage. The pore currents were influenced and showed a detectable response in the presence of polymers which makes them suitable for biotechnology applications.
Effects of exposure to winter oilseed rape grown from thiamethoxam-treated seed on the red mason bee Osmia bicornis
Authors: Ruddle Natalie , Elston Charlotte , Klein Olaf , Hamberger Anja , Thompson Helen 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

There has been increasing interest in the effects of neonicotinoid insecticides on wild bees. In solitary bee species the direct link between each individual female and reproductive success offers the opportunity to evaluate effects on individuals. The present study investigated effects of exposure to winter oilseed rape grown from thiamethoxam-treated seed on reproductive behavior and output of solitary red mason bees (Osmia bicornis) released in 6 pairs of fields over a 2-yr period and confined to tunnels in a single year. After adjustment to the number of females released, there was significantly lower production of cells and cocoons/female in tunnels than in open field conditions. This difference may be because of the lack of alternative forage within the tunnels. Under open field conditions, palynology of the pollen provisions within the nests demonstrated a maximum average of 31% oilseed rape pollen at any site, with Quercus (oak) contributing up to 86% of the pollen. There were no significant effects from exposure to oilseed rape grown from thiamethoxam-treated seed from nest establishment through cell production to emergence under tunnel or field conditions. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1071–1083. © 2017 SETAC
An integrative approach to assess X‐chromosome inactivation using allele‐specific expression with applications to epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Larson Nicholas B. , Fogarty Zachary C. , Larson Melissa C. , Kalli Kimberly R. , Lawrenson Kate , Gayther Simon , Fridley Brooke L. , Goode Ellen L. , Winham Stacey J. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTX‐chromosome inactivation (XCI) epigenetically silences transcription of an X chromosome in females; patterns of XCI are thought to be aberrant in women's cancers, but are understudied due to statistical challenges. We develop a two‐stage statistical framework to assess skewed XCI and evaluate gene‐level patterns of XCI for an individual sample by integration of RNA sequence, copy number alteration, and genotype data. Our method relies on allele‐specific expression (ASE) to directly measure XCI and does not rely on male samples or paired normal tissue for comparison. We model ASE using a two‐component mixture of beta distributions, allowing estimation for a given sample of the degree of skewness (based on a composite likelihood ratio test) and the posterior probability that a given gene escapes XCI (using a Bayesian beta‐binomial mixture model). To illustrate the utility of our approach, we applied these methods to data from tumors of ovarian cancer patients. Among 99 patients, 45 tumors were informative for analysis and showed evidence of XCI skewed toward a particular parental chromosome. For 397 X‐linked genes, we observed tumor XCI patterns largely consistent with previously identified consensus states based on multiple normal tissue types. However, 37 genes differed in XCI state between ovarian tumors and the consensus state; 17 genes aberrantly escaped XCI in ovarian tumors (including many oncogenes), whereas 20 genes were unexpectedly inactivated in ovarian tumors (including many tumor suppressor genes). These results provide evidence of the importance of XCI in ovarian cancer and demonstrate the utility of our two‐stage analysis.
Endoscopic endonasal surgery for pituitary adenomas extending to the oculomotor cistern
Authors: Taniguchi Masaaki , Nakai Tomoaki , Kimura Hidehito , Fujita Yuichi , Uozumi Yoichi , Kohta Masaaki , Kohmura Eiji 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundExtension of a pituitary adenoma to the oculomotor cistern harbors the risk of oculomotor nerve impairment and further extension into the interpeduncular cistern. The role of endoscopic endonasal surgery for those lesions was investigated.MethodsThe medical records were retrospectively analyzed. Attention was paid to the oculomotor nerve function and removal rate of the tumor within the oculomotor and interpeduncular cisterns.ResultsSix patients were eligible for the study, including 2 with oculomotor nerve palsy. The tumor from the oculomotor and interpeduncular cistern was removed in all except on one side of the case with bilateral tumor extension. The oculomotor nerve palsy demonstrated partial recovery in both cases during the 3‐month follow‐up.ConclusionThe pituitary adenoma extending to the oculomotor cistern can be removed under the endoscope. Improvement of oculomotor nerve palsy can be achieved, and further tumor extension into the interpeduncular cistern can be prevented.
FATHER–CHILD PLAY DURING THE PRESCHOOL YEARS AND CHILD INTERNALIZING BEHAVIORS: BETWEEN ROBUSTNESS AND VULNERABILITY
Authors: Ahnert Lieselotte , Teufl Lukas , Ruiz Nina , Piskernik Bernhard , Supper Barbara , Remiorz Silke , Gesing Alexander , Nowacki Katja 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTPlay observations with a total of 400 toddlers and preschoolers were videotaped and rated for Intensity and Quality of play with their parents. Parents were asked about perceived stress and personality characteristics (Big 5). Child's motor, cognitive skills, temperament, and internalizing behaviors were assessed. Study 1 investigated the robustness of play across child age and gender, and examined differences between fathers and mothers. Study 2 explored the vulnerability of play with fathers of children born preterm (PT‐fathers) and fathers who had experienced adverse childhoods (AC‐fathers). Study 3 investigated child internalizing behaviors. Intensity of play was maintained almost independently of child age and gender. It was similar for AC‐ and PT‐fathers, and similar to maternal Intensity. In contrast, paternal Quality of play was higher with boys and independent of fathers’ personality and perceived parenting stress whereas maternal Quality of play was higher with girls and linked to mothers’ perceived parenting competence, acceptability of the child, and neuroticism. AC‐fathers scored significantly low on Quality, as did PT‐fathers, but the Quality of their play became better with growing child age, birth weight, and cognitive (but not motor and temperament) scores. Finally, child internalizing behaviors were negatively related to paternal Quality of play.
Charitable Dictators? Determinants of Giving to NGOs in Uganda
Authors: Lehrer Kim , Porter Catherine 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe play a dictator game in Uganda with students, civil servants and individuals from the private sector. In the game, participants divide a sum of money between themselves and a local charity. In a turning a ‘blind eye’ treatment, participants are first given the choice of knowing the identity of the recipient. Finally, participants are asked whether they wish to additionally donate their own money. Contrary to many experimental findings, the average donation of non‐students (civil servants) is significantly lower than that of students. Very few individuals donate their own money, despite 30 per cent of participants donating the full endowment. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐performance composite imprinted sensor based on the surface enhanced Raman scattering for selective detection of 2,6‐dichlorophenol in water
Authors: Li Hongji , Wang Zirun , Wang Xiaonan , Jiang Jiaqi , Zheng Jiahong , Yan Yongsheng , Li Chunxiang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this study, a novel detection method based on the technique of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was presented. Firstly, the homogeneous Ag particles were prepared and CdTe quantum dots were modified on the surface of Ag particles to synthesize the Ag/CdTe heterostructures as the SERS substrate. Then 2,6‐DCP was chosen as the template molecule and combined the technique of atom transfer radical polymerization to prepare Ag/CdTe/molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs). Through characterization analysis, it was proved that the Ag/CdTe/MIPs exhibited splendid SERS properties and selectivity. Under the optimal condition, it was presented good linear relationship (R2 = 0.96) between the Raman signal (at 1596 cm−1) and the concentration of the templates, and the detection limit was determined as 10−9 mol L−1. It was envisaged that the sensitivity of SERS coupled with the selective properties of MIPs could induce a promising chemosensor for practical applications.
Quantitative determination of acidic hydrolysis products of Chemical Weapons Convention related chemicals from aqueous and soil samples using ion‐pair solid‐phase extraction and in situ butylation
Authors: Pal Anagoni Suresh , Kauser Asma , Maity Gopal , Upadhyayula Vijayasarathi V. R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractChemical warfare agents such as organophosphorus nerve agents, mustard agents, and psychotomimetic agent like 3‐quinuclidinylbenzilate degrade in the environment and form acidic degradation products, the analysis of which is difficult under normal analytical conditions. In the present work, a simultaneous extraction and derivatization method in which the analytes are butylated followed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometric identification of the analytes from aqueous and soil samples was carried out. The extraction was carried out using ion‐pair solid‐phase extraction with tetrabutylammonium hydroxide followed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry in the electron ionization mode. Various parameters such as optimum concentration of the ion‐pair reagent, pH of the sample, extraction solvent, and type of ion‐pair reagent were optimized. The method was validated for various parameters such as linearity, accuracy, precision, and limit of detection and quantification. The method was observed to be linear from 1 to 1000 ng/mL range in selected ion monitoring mode. The extraction recoveries were in the range of 85–110% from the matrixes with the limit of quantification for alkyl phosphonic acids at 1 ng/mL, thiodiglycolic acid at 20 ng/mL, and benzilic acid at 50 ng/mL with intra‐ and interday precisions below 15%. The developed method was applied for the samples prepared in the scenario of challenging inspection.
Size and Ultrasound Features Affecting Results of Ultrasound‐Guided Fine‐Needle Aspiration of Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Dong YiJie , Mao MinJing , Zhan WeiWei , Zhou JianQiao , Zhou Wei , Yao JieJie , Hu YunYun , Wang Yan , Ye TingJun 
Published: November 2017

ObjectivesOur goal was to assess the diagnostic efficacy of ultrasound (US)‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) of thyroid nodules according to size and US features.MethodsA retrospective correlation was made with 1745 whole thyroidectomy and hemithyroidectomy specimens with preoperative US‐guided FNA results. All cases were divided into 5 groups according to nodule size (≤5, 5.1–10, 10.1–15, 15.1–20, and >20 mm). For target nodules, static images and cine clips of conventional US and color Doppler were obtained. Ultrasound images were reviewed and evaluated by two radiologists with at least 5 years US working experience without knowing the results of pathology, and then agreement was achieved.ResultsThe Bethesda category I rate was higher in nodules larger than 15 mm (P < .05). The diagnostic accuracy was best in nodules of 5 to 10 mm in diameter. The sensitivity, accuracy, PPV, and LR for negative US‐guided FNA results were better in nodules with a size range of 5 to 15 mm. The specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and LR for positive results and the Youden index rose with increasing nodule size. Seventeen false‐positive and 60 false‐negative results were found in this study. The false‐negative rate rose with increasing nodule size. However, the false‐positive rate was highest in the group containing the smallest nodules. Nodules with circumscribed margins and those that were nonsolid and nonhypoechoic and had no microcalcifications correlated with Bethesda I FNA results. Nodules with circumscribed margins and those that were nonsolid, heterogeneous, and nonhypoechoic and had increased vascularity correlated with false‐negative FNA results. Borders correlated with Bethesda I false‐negative and false‐positive FNA results.ConclusionsTiny nodules (≤5 mm) with obscure borders tended to yield false‐positive FNA results. Large nodules (>20 mm) with several US features tended to yield false‐negative FNA results.
Carotid Flow Time Test Performance for the Detection of Dehydration in Children With Diarrhea
Authors: Mackenzie David C. , Nasrin Sabiha , Atika Bita , Modi Payal , Alam Nur H. , Levine Adam C. 
Published: November 2017

ObjectivesUnstructured clinical assessments of dehydration in children are inaccurate. Point‐of‐care ultrasound is a noninvasive diagnostic tool that can help evaluate the volume status; the corrected carotid artery flow time has been shown to predict volume depletion in adults. We sought to determine the ability of the corrected carotid artery flow time to identify dehydration in a population of children presenting with acute diarrhea in Dhaka, Bangladesh.MethodsChildren presenting with acute diarrhea were recruited and rehydrated according to hospital protocols. The corrected carotid artery flow time was measured at the time of presentation. The percentage of weight change with rehydration was used to categorize each child's dehydration as severe (>9%), some (3%–9%), or none (<3%). A receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed to test the performance of the corrected carotid artery flow time for detecting severe dehydration. Linear regression was used to model the relationship between the corrected carotid artery flow time and percentage of dehydration.ResultsA total of 350 children (0–60 months) were enrolled. The mean corrected carotid artery flow time was 326 milliseconds (interquartile range, 295–351 milliseconds). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the detection of severe dehydration was 0.51 (95% confidence interval, 0.42, 0.61). Linear regression modeling showed a weak association between the flow time and dehydration.ConclusionsThe corrected carotid artery flow time was a poor predictor of severe dehydration in this population of children with diarrhea.
Periodic Functionalization of Graphene‐Layered Alumina Nanofibers with Aromatic Thermosetting Copolyester via Epitaxial Step‐Growth Polymerization
Authors: Bakir Mete , Meyer Jacob L. , Hussainova Irina , Sutrisno Andre , Economy James , Jasiuk Iwona 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn situ epitaxial step‐growth polymerization driven interfacial functionalization of aromatic thermosetting copolyester (ATSP) with multilayered graphene wrapped alumina nanofiber surface is reported. During a thermal condensation polymerization, ATSP dip‐coated fiber strands develop a nanohybrid shish–kebab structure with periodically assembled and off‐surface grown micrometer‐scale lamella ATSP domains. A mechanism combining the Plateau–Rayleigh instability, the Marangoni effect, and the epitaxial growth phenomena is proposed to elucidate controlling parameters in the process. X‐ray diffraction measurements clearly demonstrate the formation of a mesomorphic lamella phase not present within either the neat ATSP or pristine fiber samples. Results of solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance and thermogravimetric analysis reveal the development of an interfacial coupling between the graphene‐coated ceramic nanofibers and the ATSP matrix.