bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High performance GPU‐based parity computing scheduler in storage applications
Authors: Pirahandeh Mehdi , Kim Deok‐Hwan 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThis paper proposes a high‐performance graphics processing unit (GPU)‐based parity computing scheduler, which we call GPU‐redundant array of inexpensive disks (RAID), to reduce the encoding and decoding time for storage applications. The proposed GPU‐RAID differs from existing RAID in that it performs additional pairwise‐parallel XOR operations between data code words in each data stripe by applying divide‐and‐conquer approach using extra reserved space and it also increases parallelism by processing multiple strips in parallel using multiple GPU threads. And so the proposed GPU‐RAID pipelines data blocks into solid‐state disks and parity blocks into hard disk drives at the target server. The proposed algorithm decreases the span complexity of the parity computation schedule to O(log2nw) where n is the number of disks and w is the number of code words in a block, and it can be applied to various types of erasure codes. Experimental results show that the proposed storage application (SA1) improves average encoding performance by 63%, and 41%, and average decoding performance by 58%, and 38%, compared with traditional storage applications GPUStore (SA3) and Gibraltar RAID(SA2), respectively. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi‐dimensional fuzzy trust evaluation for mobile social networks based on dynamic community structures
Authors: Chen Shuhong , Wang Guojun , Yan Guofeng , Xie Dongqing 
Published: June 2016

SummaryAs mobile social networks (MSNs) are booming and gaining tremendous popularity, there have been an increasing number of communications and interactions among users. Taking this advantage, users in MSNs make decisions via collecting and combining trust information from different users. Hence, trust evaluation technology has become a key requirement for network security in MSNs. In such MSNs, however, the community/group structures are dynamically changing, and users may belong to multiple communities/groups. Therefore, trust evaluation plays a critical role in inferring trustworthy contacts among users. In this paper, an innovative trust inference model is proposed for MSNs, in which multiple dimensional trust metrics are incorporated to reflect the complexity of trust. To infer trust relations between users in MSNs with complex communities, we first construct dynamic implicit social behavioral graphs (DynISBG) based on dynamic complex community/group structures and propose an efficient detection algorithm for DynISBG under fuzzy degree κ. We then present a multi‐dimensional fuzzy trust inferring approach that involves four metrics, that is, static attribute trust factor, dynamic behavioral trust factor, long‐term trust evolution factor, and recommendation‐based trust opinion. Moreover, to obtain the recommendation‐based trust opinion about indirect connected users, we discuss the trust aggregation and propagation along trust path. Finally, we evaluate the performance of our novel approach with simulations. The results show that, compared with the existing approaches, the proposed model provides a more detailed analysis in trust evaluation with higher accuracy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigating the Existence of Bulk Nanobubbles with Ultrasound
Authors: Leroy Valentin , Norisuye Tomohisa 
Published: June 2016

AbstractNanobubbles are expected to dissolve in milliseconds. Experimental evidence of nanobubbles that were stable for days had thus been first received with circumspection. If the large number of experimental confirmations has now made clear that surface nanobubbles could exist, bulk nanobubbles are still subject to debate. When observations are reported, the main problem is to make sure the observed particles are really made of gas. We show that ultrasound is an ideal tool for investigating the existence of bulk nanobubbles: 1) it is sensitive to minute quantities of gas, 2) it allows one to determine the bubble size distribution, 3) it discriminates unambiguously between gaseous and solid/liquid inclusions. To illustrate the efficiency of ultrasonic detection, we performed size measurements of bubbles produced by a commercial nano‐/microbubble generator. No nanobubble was detected with this device. It would be insightful to use ultrasonic detection in experimental situations for which stable nanobubbles were reported.
N‐Heterocyclic Olefins as Robust Organocatalyst for the Chemical Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Value‐Added Chemicals
Authors: Saptal Vitthal B. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this report, the activity of N‐heterocyclic olefins (NHOs) as a newly emerging class of organocatalyst is investigated for the chemical fixation of carbon dioxide through reactions with aziridines to form oxazolidinones and the N‐formylation of amines with polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) or 9‐borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (9‐BBN) as the reducing agent under mild conditions. The exocyclic carbon atoms of NHOs are highly nucleophilic owing to the electron‐donating ability of the two nitrogen atoms. This high nucleophilicity of the NHOs activates CO2 molecules to form zwitterionic NHO–carboxylate (NHO–CO2) adducts, which are active in formylation reactions as well as the carboxylation of aziridines to oxazolidinones.
Does asymmetric gene flow among matrilines maintain the evolutionary potential of the European eel?
Authors: Baltazar‐Soares Miguel , Eizaguirre Christophe 
Published: June 2016

AbstractUsing evolutionary theory to predict the dynamics of populations is one of the aims of evolutionary conservation. In endangered species, with geographic range extending over continuous areas, the predictive capacity of evolutionary‐based conservation measures greatly depends on the accurate identification of reproductive units. The endangered European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is a highly migratory fish species with declining population due to a steep recruitment collapse in the beginning of the 1980s. Despite punctual observations of genetic structure, the population is viewed as a single panmictic reproductive unit. To understand the possible origin of the detected structure in this species, we used a combination of mitochondrial and nuclear loci to indirectly evaluate the possible existence of cryptic demes. For that, 403 glass eels from three successive cohorts arriving at a single location were screened for phenotypic and genetic diversity, while controlling for possible geographic variation. Over the 3 years of sampling, we consistently identified three major matrilines which we hypothesized to represent demes. Interestingly, not only we found that population genetic models support the existence of those matriline‐driven demes over a completely panmictic mode of reproduction, but also we found evidence for asymmetric gene flow amongst those demes. We uphold the suggestion that the detection of demes related to those matrilines reflect a fragmented spawning ground, a conceptually plausible consequence of the low abundance that the European eel has been experiencing for three decades. Furthermore, we suggest that this cryptic organization may contribute to the maintenance of the adaptive potential of the species.
Determining environmental limits of threatened species: the example of the wallum sedgefrog Litoria olongburensis
Authors: Shuker Jon D. , Simpkins Clay A. , Hero Jean‐Marc 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn an environment that is changing due to anthropogenic processes, managers responsible for conservation of threatened species need to know environmental limits beyond which those species are at risk of extinction. We demonstrate estimation of environmental limits for a threatened species using a novel combination of response modeling techniques. Our study species was Litoria olongburensis (wallum sedgefrog), which has a biphasic lifecycle (aquatic larvae and terrestrial adult phases) with larvae developing in naturally acidic wetlands of coastal sandy lowlands (“wallum”) of subtropical eastern Australia. Land development in, and around, areas occupied by the frog is the main cause of the species’ decline, while climate change is emerging as a new threat. The species will continue to decline where these processes destroy, fragment or degrade habitat. We surveyed waterbodies throughout the latitudinal range of the species’ distribution, recording wallum sedgefrog density and environmental variables including abiotic waterbody characteristics, key vegetation types, potential competitors and potential predators. For each environmental variable, we tested the fit of increasingly complex response models to the highest possible quantile of wallum sedgefrog density. The best‐fitting model indicated the most likely response, if any, to the variable. This model was then applied to estimate environmental limits. Our analysis indicated wallum sedgefrogs were less likely to occur in waterbodies with pH outside 3.53–4.61 (± 0.11) and maximum water depth outside 23.4–46.0 (± 3.5) cm, and their density decreased with increasing densities of eastern sedgefrogs, wallum froglets and common froglets. The optimal pH levels and water depths indicated by our analysis provide a necessary baseline for predicting and responding to impacts on wallum sedgefrogs caused by changes in land use or climate. The negative relationship with eastern sedgefrogs supports the hypothesis that competition from eastern sedgefrogs is the mechanism that limits occurrence of wallum sedgefrogs in higher pH wetlands. The modeling framework that we developed for our study can be applied to improve management of other species exposed to anthropogenic threats including climate change.
Numerical Study on Phase Change of Water Flowing Across Two Heated Circular Cylinders in Tandem Arrangement
Authors: Dhar B.K. , Mahapatra S.K. , Maharana S.K. , Sarkar A. , Sahoo S.S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis paper focuses on fluid flow and heat transfer analysis over two heated cylinders arranged in tandem. The flow of water over heated cylinders faces a phenomenon of phase change from liquid (water) to vapor phase (steam). The mechanism of this phase change is studied through a numerical simulation supplemented with verification and validation of the code. The problem is simulated when flows from two cylinders in a tandem arrangement become interacting and noninteracting. The Eulerian model is used during simulation to comprehend the multiphase phenomena. The effect of spacing between these two cylinders and the Reynolds number effect are studied in this paper. The volume fractions of both the water and vapor phases and the heat transfer coefficients of both the cylinders have been computed and presented as findings of the problem.
Is skin penetration a determining factor in skin sensitization potential and potency? Refuting the notion of a LogKow threshold for skin sensitization
Authors: Fitzpatrick Jeremy M. , Roberts David W. , Patlewicz Grace 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIt is widely accepted that substances that cannot penetrate through the skin will not be sensitizers. LogKow and molecular weight (MW) have been used to set thresholds for sensitization potential. Highly hydrophilic substances e.g. LogKow ≤ 1 are expected not to penetrate effectively to induce sensitization. To investigate whether LogKow >1 is a true requirement for sensitization, a large dataset of substances that had been evaluated for their skin sensitization potential under Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and restriction of CHemicals (REACH), together with available measured LogKow values was compiled using the OECD eChemPortal. The incidence of sensitizers relative to non‐sensitizers above and below a LogKow of 1 was explored. Reaction chemistry principles were used to explain the sensitization observed for the subset of substances with a LogKow ≤0. 1482 substances were identified with skin sensitization data and measured LogKow values. 525 substances had a measured LogKow ≤ 1, 100 of those were sensitizers. There was no significant difference in the incidence of sensitizers above and below a LogKow of 1. Reaction chemistry principles that had been established for lower MW and more hydrophobic substances were found to be still valid in rationalizing the skin sensitizers with a LogKow ≤ 0. The LogKow threshold arises from the widespread misconception that the ability to efficiently penetrate the stratum corneum is a key determinant of sensitization potential and potency. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thriving on challenge stressors? Exploring time pressure and learning demands as antecedents of thriving at work
Authors: Prem Roman , Ohly Sandra , Kubicek Bettina , Korunka Christian 
Published: June 2016

SummaryIn the conceptualization of thriving at work, it is emphasized that employees' learning and vitality are two equally important components of thriving and that thriving is facilitated by contextual features and available resources. In this study, we examined the effects of two challenge stressors (time pressure and learning demands) on thriving at work. Based on the literature on challenge and hindrance stressors, we proposed that challenge stressors positively affect learning and negatively affect vitality. To uncover underlying mechanisms, we measured challenge appraisal and hindrance appraisal of work situations in a diary study. A sample of 124 knowledge workers responded to three daily surveys (before the lunch break, during the afternoon, and at the end of the workday) for a period of five workdays. Results indicate that the indirect effects of learning demands and time pressure on learning are mediated by challenge appraisal, whereas indirect effects of learning demands on vitality are mediated by hindrance appraisal. Overall, our study shows that challenge stressors have a positive total effect on learning but no total effect on vitality. These differential relationships call for a finer distinction between the two components of thriving at work in future research. Copyright © 2016 The Authors Journal of Organizational Behavior Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Interaction between warm Atlantic‐sourced waters and the East Greenland Current in northern Denmark Strait (68°N) during the last 10 600 cal a BP
Authors: Perner Kerstin , Jennings Anne E. , Moros Matthias , Andrews John T. , Wacker Lukas 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTChanges in the Holocene interaction of the (i) cold/fresh East Greenland Current (EGC) and (ii) warm/saline Irminger Current (IC) in northern Denmark Strait have been reconstructed from benthic and planktic foraminifera assemblages, ice‐rafted debris, grain‐size analyses and quantitative X‐ray diffraction. During the time from c. 10 600 to 8000 cal a BP, palaeoceanographic reconstructions reveal waning deglacial influence from the receding Greenland Ice Sheet and presence of a strong EGC caused low surface water productivity. From c. 8000 cal a BP, a predominant influence of Atlantic‐sourced IC waters on subsurface water conditions became established in northern Denmark Strait, which accompanied low surface water productivity. Relatively warm surface and subsurface water conditions, i.e. reduced EGC and strong IC influence, are found from c. 6500 to 4500 cal a BP, representing Holocene optimum‐like conditions. A mid‐ to late Holocene EGC strengthening caused increased stratification and formation of a distinct halocline. However, we recognize millennial‐scale periods of reduced stratification by an enhanced influence of Atlantic‐sourced IC Water on surface water conditions: (i) at c. 2500–1400 cal a BP − the time of the Roman Warm Period and (ii) at c. 300 cal a BP − the later part of the Little Ice Age. These periods of oceanic warming probably relate to changes in the Subpolar Gyre dynamics that led to enhanced entrainment of Atlantic‐sourced IC Water into northern Denmark Strait.
Nonparametric Statistics Applied to Fire Foci Obtained by Meteorological Satellites and Their Relationship to the MCD12Q1 Product in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Southeast Brazil
Authors: Caúla Rodrigo Hottz , de Oliveira‐Júnior José Francisco , de Gois Givanildo , Delgado Rafael Coll , Pimentel Luiz Cláudio Gomes , Teodoro Paulo Eduardo 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis study shows the relationship between the fire foci and the MCD12Q1 product (MODIS) for the land use and occupation in the state of Rio de Janeiro (SRJ) and evaluates the growth and decay of trends fire foci through nonparametric tests, applied to the number of fire foci in the 2000–2012 period. The study period was divided into (1) 2001 to 2013 for assessment of the product MCD12Q1 back for the land use and occupation and application of nonparametric tests and (2) 2000 to 2012 for the descriptive statistics (total and percentage‐%) of fire foci geared for regional assessment. To evaluate growth trends and decay of fire foci, the nonparametric tests (Mann–Kendall and Pettitt) were utilized. Based on data obtained by Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), the land use and occupation in the SRJ has been modified from the last two census years (1995 and 2006). The Mann–Kendall test was significant for the year 2001, with trends of 0 · 19 and 0 · 08 (Mann–Kendall). Fire foci for the years 2001 and 2013 grew with an increase of 0 · 05 and 0 · 01 per year, respectively. The Pettitt statistic test applied for the year 2001 showed that almost 70% of the studied municipalities were above the critical threshold, which has not occurred for the year 2013. The North Fluminense Region with 596 fire foci (30 · 35%) was the one with the largest number of fire foci, and the municipality of Campos dos Goytacazes was the largest contributor, with 344 fire foci (57 · 72%). The Pasturage class (MCD12Q1 product) had the biggest number of fire foci, with 354 foci (56 · 64%) in 2001 and 564 foci (42 · 28%) in 2013 and the largest amount in the north of the SRJ. The study indicated that there was a significant increase in average fire foci. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Summability in of a vector measure
Authors: Calabuig J. M. , Rodríguez J. , Sánchez‐Pérez E. A. 
Published: June 2016

We show a picture of the relations among different types of summability of series in the space of integrable functions with respect to a vector measure m of relatively norm compact range. In order to do that, we study the class of the so‐called m‐1‐summing operators. We give several applications regarding the existence of copies of c0 in , as well as on m‐1‐summing operators which are weakly compact, Asplund or weakly precompact.
Targeting Programmed Cell Death Using Small‐Molecule Compounds to Improve Potential Cancer Therapy
Authors: Ke Bowen , Tian Mao , Li Jingjing , Liu Bo , He Gu 
Published: June 2016

AbstractEvasion of cell death is one of the hallmarks of cancer cells, beginning with long‐established apoptosis and extending to other new forms of cell death. An elaboration of cell death pathways thus will contribute to a better understanding of cancer pathogenesis and therapeutics. With the recent substantial biochemical and genetic explorations of cell death subroutines, their classification has switched from primarily morphological to more molecular definitions. According to their measurable biochemical features and intricate mechanisms, cell death subroutines can be divided into apoptosis, autophagic cell death, mitotic catastrophe, necroptosis, parthanatos, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, pyronecrosis, anoikis, cornification, entosis, and NETosis. Supportive evidence has gradually revealed the prime molecular mechanisms of each subroutine and thus providing series of possible targets in cancer therapy, while the intricate relationships between different cell death subroutines still remain to be clarified. Over the past decades, cancer drug discovery has significantly benefited from the use of small‐molecule compounds to target classical modalities of cell death such as apoptosis, while newly identified cell death subroutines has also emerging their potential for cancer drug discovery in recent years. In this review, we comprehensively focus on summarizing 12 cell death subroutines and discussing their corresponding small‐molecule compounds in potential cancer therapy. Together, these inspiring findings may provide more evidence to fill in the gaps between cell death subroutines and small‐molecule compounds to better develop novel cancer therapeutic strategies.
Particulate β‐glucans synergistically activate TLR4 and Dectin‐1 in human dendritic cells
Authors: Sahasrabudhe Neha M. , Dokter‐Fokkens Jelleke , de Vos Paul 
Published: June 2016

ScopeThe major receptor for β(1‐3)‐glucans on immune cells is considered to be Dectin‐1 receptor. Particulate β‐glucans induce stronger immune responses than soluble β‐glucans by clustering of Dectin‐1 receptors. Here, it was hypothesized that activation of other pattern recognition receptors such as Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) can also contribute to enhanced activity of immune cells after exposure to particulate β‐glucans.Methods and resultsTo test this hypothesis, reporter cell lines were designed expressing TLR4 with either Dectin‐1A or Dectin‐1B, that is, one of the two transcript variants of human Dectin‐1 receptors. Enhanced NF‐κB activation was observed after stimulation with particulate β‐glucans in both Dectin‐1A‐TLR4 and the Dectin‐1B‐TLR4 cell lines. This was different with soluble β‐glucans, which enhanced activation in Dectin‐1A‐TLR4 cell lines but not in Dectin‐1B‐TLR4 cells. The synergistic activation of TLR4 and Dectin‐1 by particulate β‐glucans was confirmed in human dendritic cells. The effects of particulate β‐glucan induced TLR4 binding were regulatory as blocking TLR4 enhanced pro‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐23, IL‐4, IL‐6, and TNF‐α production.ConclusionThese results suggest that TLR4 and Dectin‐1 are synergistically activated by particulate β‐glucans, wherein TLR4 activates an immune regulatory pathway in human dendritic cells. Our data suggest that β‐glucan is an immune regulatory ligand for TLR4.
Investigation of two‐ and three‐bond carbon–hydrogen coupling constants in cinnamic acid based compounds
Authors: Pierens Gregory K. , Venkatachalam Taracad K. , Reutens David C. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTwo‐ and three‐bond coupling constants (2JHC and 3JHC) were determined for a series of 12 substituted cinnamic acids using a selective 2D inphase/antiphase (IPAP)‐single quantum multiple bond correlation (HSQMBC) and 1D proton coupled 13C NMR experiments. The coupling constants from two methods were compared and found to give very similar values. The results showed coupling constant values ranging from 1.7 to 9.7 Hz and 1.0 to 9.6 Hz for the IPAP‐HSQMBC and the direct 13C NMR experiments, respectively. The experimental values of the coupling constants were compared with discrete density functional theory (DFT) calculated values and were found to be in good agreement for the 3JHC. However, the DFT method under estimated the 2JHC coupling constants. Knowing the limitations of the measurement and calculation of these multibond coupling constants will add confidence to the assignment of conformation or stereochemical aspects of complex molecules like natural products. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.