bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coupled Evaluation of Below- and Aboveground Energy and Water Cycle Variables from Reanalysis Products over Five Flux Tower Sites in the United States
Authors: Lytle William , Zeng Xubin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractReanalysis products are widely used to study the land–atmosphere exchanges of energy, water, and carbon fluxes and have been evaluated using in situ data above or below ground. Here, measurements for several years at five flux tower sites in the United States (with a total of 315 576 h of data) are used for the coupled evaluation of both below- and aboveground processes from three global reanalysis products and six global land data assimilation products. All products show systematic errors in precipitation, snow depth, and the timing of the melting and onset of snow. Despite the biases in soil moisture, all products show significant correlations with observed daily soil moisture for the periods with unfrozen soil. While errors in 2-m air temperature are highly correlated with errors in skin temperature for all sites, the correlations between skin and soil temperature errors are weaker, particularly over the sites with seasonal snow. While net short- and longwave radiation flux errors have opposite signs across all products, the net radiation and ground heat flux errors are usually smaller in magnitude than turbulent flux errors. On the other hand, the all-product averages usually agree well with the observations on the evaporative fraction, defined as the ratio of latent heat over the sum of latent and sensible heat fluxes. This study identifies the strengths and weaknesses of these widely used products and helps understand the connection of their errors in above- versus belowground quantities.
Hydroxyapatite microporous bioceramics as vancomycin reservoir: Antibacterial efficiency and biocompatibility investigation
Authors: Parent Marianne , Magnaudeix Amandine , Delebassée Sylvie , Sarre Elisabeth , Champion Eric , Viana Trecant Marylène , Damia Chantal 
Published: June 2016

Abstarct Infections after bone reconstructive surgery are a real therapeutic and economic issue for the modern health care system. As the pathogen (most often Staphylococcus aureus) is able to develop a biofilm inside the bone, local delivery of antibiotics is of interest since high drug concentrations would be delivered directly at the target place. In this context, this study evaluated a porous hydroxyapatite implant as biocompatible bone substitute and vancomycin-delivery system to prevent post-operative infections. A simple method of impregnation with optimised conditions insured a high antibiotic loading (up to 2.3 ± 0.3 mg/m2), with a complete in vitro release obtained within 1–5 days. Additionally, the bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects of vancomycin were retained after loading on hydroxyapatite, as demonstrated after challenge with a Staphylococcus aureus strain. Regarding the biocompatibility, a wound healing assay of pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells exposed to various concentrations of vancomycin revealed a dose-dependent reduction in cell migration for antibiotic concentrations higher than 1 mg/mL. Meanwhile, cells were able to proliferate normally on vancomycin-loaded scaffolds, although cell initial adhesion was seriously impaired for scaffolds loaded with 2.3 mg/m2. Loaded scaffolds could be stored up to three months at room temperature without any degradation of the antibiotic. Together, these results demonstrate the efficacy of these hydroxyapatite bone substitutes for local delivery of vancomycin in the context of bone infection.
Unacceptable failure of the PI2® implant
Authors: van Aaken J. , Holzer N. , Wehrli L. , Delaquaize F. , Gonzalez I. A. , Beaulieu J. Y. 
Published: June 2016

The PI2® spacer is designed for treatment of trapeziometacarpal (TM) osteoarthritis. However, the shape of this implant has raised concerns about its stability. We retrospectively investigated 45 implants in 41 patients treated for trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis in our hospital between 2004 and 2009 who underwent trapeziectomy and insertion of a PI2® spacer. Outcome parameters included revision rates and clinical outcomes correlated with implant position and scaphometacarpal distance, assessed using standard radiographs. A total of 12 implants (27%) were removed at a median time of 10 months (interquartile range (IQR), 7–22 months). These included five dislocations and one early infection. Additionally, a further six patients underwent revision due to persistent pain. Three of these had scapho-trapezoid osteoarthritis, two had developed subluxation of the implant, and one did not show any radiographic abnormalities. A review of patient records revealed that 33 implants remained in place at a median time of 29 months (IQR, 20–57). However, of those, only 21 implants (64%) in 17 patients were available for clinical evaluation at a median follow-up of 29 months (IQR, 19–62 months). No significant differences in clinical outcomes including functional results were observed between in-place ( n = 8) and subluxated ( n = 13) implants. Due to the high revision rate (12/45), consistent with other reports in the literature, we have abandoned the use of the PI2® spacer. We recommend the establishment of a registry for evaluation of future implants. Type of study/level of evidence: Case-series study/level IV
Prevalence of left atrial abnormalities in atrial fibrillation versus normal sinus patients
Authors: Terpenning Silanath , Ketai Loren H , Teague Shawn D , Rissing Stacy M 
Published: June 2016

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) may be the cause or sequela of left atrial abnormalities and variants. Purpose To determine the prevalence of left atrial (LA) abnormalities in AF patients compared to normal sinus rhythm (NSR) patients. Material and Methods We retrospectively reviewed 281 cardiac CT examinations from 2010 to 2012, excluding patients with prior pulmonary vein ablation, known coronary artery disease, prior coronary stent placement, or coronary artery bypass grafts. The first group consisted of 159 AF patients undergoing cardiac CT prior to pulmonary vein ablation and the second group consisted of 122 NSR patients evaluated with coronary CT angiography. Demographic data were collected. LA abnormalities were analyzed. Left atrial diameter was measured on an axial view. Results A total of 281 patients were included. The male gender has significantly higher prevalence of AF than female gender, P value <0.001. Patients with AF were significantly older (mean age, 57.4 years; standard deviation [SD], 11.8 years) than NSR patients (mean age, 53.4 years; SD, 13.6 years), P value, 0.01. The left atrial diameter was greater in the AF patients (mean diameter, 4.3 cm; SD, 0.82 cm) versus the NSR patients (3.4 cm; SD, 0.58 cm), P value, <0.0001. LA diverticulum was the most prevalent variant, occurring in 28.4% of the entire patient population followed by LA pouch, occurring in 24%. There was no significant between group differences in the prevalence of these or the remainder of the LA variants. Conclusion AF patients differed significantly from NSR patients in LA size, gender, and mean age. There was no statistical significance between the two groups with regard to the LA morphologic abnormalities other than size.
A physical modeling study of seismic features of karst cave reservoirs in the Tarim Basin, China
Authors: Xu Chao , Di Bangrang , Wei Jianxin 
Published: June 2016

On seismic migration sections, anomalous bright spots, called the string of beads response (SBR), are common features of carbonate karst reservoirs at the seismic scale in the Tarim Basin, China. To understand the SBR features of different karst caves, which is an important issue for local exploration, we conducted a physical modeling experiment. Within the physical model, we included various single caves with different scales, velocities, shapes, and fluids, as well as multiple caves in different spatial distributions. SBRs of all caves were extracted and summarized from the migration sections. First, we investigated effects of the cave scale, velocity, spatial distribution, shape, and fluids on SBRs. The relative amplitude of SBRs increased with the cave width ranging from 25 to 400 m and decreased with the cave velocity. The SBR split into two new SBRs when the cave height was larger than 100 m. Spatially distributed multiple caves resulted in some special SBRs, such as long SBRs, inclined SBRs, waved SBRs, and chaotic SBRs. The cave shape contribution to SBRs could be neglected in deep strata practically. The relative amplitude of SBRs of caves filled with gas and oil was stronger than those filled with water. Then, we established an interpretation chart of the corresponding relationship between six types of SBRs and their potential caves. Short SBRs were the responses of caves with a height of less than 60 m. Long SBRs corresponded to two kinds of cave units: (1) a single cave with a height between 70 and 100 m and (2) two caves (height less than 60 m) vertically distributed with a small distance (less than 60 m). Chop-shaped SBRs indicated caves with a width of more than 100 m. Inclined SBRs, waved SBRs, and chaotic SBRs corresponded to multiple caves spatially distributed in triangles, rhombuses, and clusters, respectively.
Lower Patient Ratings of Physician Communication Are Associated With Unmet Need for Symptom Management in Patients With Lung and Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Walling Anne M. , Keating Nancy L. , Kahn Katherine L. , Dy Sydney , Mack Jennifer W. , Malin Jennifer , Arora Neeraj K. , Adams John L. , Antonio Anna Liza M. , Tisnado Diana 
Published: June 2016

Purpose:Little is known about factors associated with unmet needs for symptom management in patients with cancer.Methods:Patients with a new diagnosis of lung and colorectal cancer from the diverse nationally representative Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance cohort completed a survey approximately 5 months after diagnosis (N = 5,422). We estimated the prevalence of unmet need for symptom management, defined as patients who report that they wanted help for at least one common symptom (pain, fatigue, depression, nausea/vomiting, cough, dyspnea, diarrhea) during the 4 weeks before the survey but did not receive it. We identified patient factors associated with unmet need by using logistic regression with random effects to account for clustering within study sites.Results:Overall, 15% (791 of 5,422) of patients had at least one unmet need for symptom management. Adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical factors, African American race, being uninsured or poor, having early-stage lung cancer, and the presence of moderate to severe symptoms were associated with unmet need (all P < .05). Furthermore, patients who rated their physician’s communication score < 80 (on a 0 to 100 scale) had adjusted rates of an unmet need for symptom management that were more than twice as high as patients who rated their physicians with a perfect communication score (23.1% v 10.0%; P < .001).Conclusion:A significant minority of patients with newly diagnosed lung and colorectal cancer report unmet needs for symptom management. Interventions to improve symptom management should consider the importance of physician communication to the patient’s experience of disease.
Assessing Colorectal Cancer Screening Adherence of Medicare Fee-for-Service Beneficiaries Age 76 to 95 Years
Authors: Bian John , Bennett Charles , Cooper Gregory , D'Alfonso Alessandra , Fisher Deborah , Lipscomb Joseph , Qian Chao-Nan 
Published: June 2016

Introduction: There are concerns about potential overuse of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening services among average-risk individuals older than age 75 years. Materials and Methods: Using a 5% random noncancer sample of Medicare beneficiaries who resided in the SEER areas, we examined rates of CRC screening adherence, defined by the Medicare coverage policy, among average-risk fee-for-service beneficiaries age 76 to 95 years from 2002 to 2010. The two outcomes are the status of overall CRC screening adherence, and the status of adherence to colonoscopy (v other modalities) conditional on patient adherence. Results: Overall CRC screening adherence rates of Medicare beneficiaries age 76 to 95 years increased from 13.0% to 21.4% from 2002 to 2010. In 2002, 2.2% of beneficiaries were adherent to colonoscopy, and 10.7%, by other modalities; the corresponding rates were 19.5% and 1.9%, respectively, in 2010. Specifically, rates of adherence to colonoscopy were 1.1% for those age 86 to 90 years and almost nil for those age 91 to 95 years in 2002, but the rates became 13.5% and 8.2%, respectively, in 2010. Compared with white beneficiaries, black beneficiaries age 76 to 95 years had a 7-percentage-point lower adherence rate. However, overall adherence rates among blacks increased by 168.6% from 2002 to 2010, whereas rates among whites increased by 63.0%. Logistic regressions showed that blacks age 86 to 95 years were less likely than whites to be adherent (odds ratio, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.59) but were more likely to be adherent to colonoscopy (odds ratio, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.47 to 3.91). Conclusion: High proportions of average-risk Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries screened by colonoscopy may represent opportunities for improving appropriateness and allocative efficiency of CRC screening by Medicare.
Magnetic Field Effects on Silica Gel Evolution from Aqueous Silicate Solutions
Authors: Sasahara Shigeo , Kaida Keiichiro , Ozeki Sumio 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Magnetic field effects on silica gel formation from aqueous silicate solutions were examined by 29Si NMR, viscosity, and N2 adsorption measurements. 29Si NMR spectra were analyzed by the multivariate curve resolution to give three principal spectra, which may correspond to oligomeric species, polymeric species, and microgels. A 6 T magnetic field promoted the formation of polymeric species and the transformation of polymeric species to microgels. In addition, the magnetic field reduced the viscosity of the silicate solutions, suggesting depression of particle growth and interactions among silanol groups on particles under magnetic fields. Such magnetic field effects may relate to magnetic orientation and hydration of polymeric species and microgels.
Managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the nurse's role
Authors: Gray Toni 
Published: June 2016

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a highly prevalent disease worldwide affecting a vast amount of the population within the UK. COPD has an enormous impact on the lives of both individuals and their families. While smoking remains the biggest factor of COPD, other factors are enhancing, such as occupational factors ( Barnett, 2007 ). This paper discusses the key role of the nurse in the management of COPD, with the emphasis on health education, smoking cessation, brief interventions, medication compliance and pulmonary rehabilitation. The management of associated anxiety and depression and palliative care are further discussed, with recommendations made based on a review of the literature.
Care Certificate Standard 15: infection prevention and control
Authors: Peate Ian 
Published: June 2016

Standard 15 is the final standard of the Care Standards Certificate and concerns the prevention and control of infection. The healthcare assistant and assistant practitioner (HCA and AP) are key care providers in a variety of health and social care settings. Because of this, it is essential that you have an understanding of the key issues surrounding infection prevention and control, with the important aim of providing safe and effective care. This article discusses the key issues that can help ensure that those people you provide care to, or offer support to, as well as those you work with, are safe.
Recommendations for the management of biofilm: a consensus document
Authors: Bianchi T. , Wolcott R.D. , Peghetti A. , Leaper D. , Cutting K. , Polignano R. , Rosa Rita Z. , Moscatelli A. , Greco A. , Romanelli M. , Pancani S. , Bellingeri A. , Ruggeri V. , Postacchini L. , Tedesco S. , Manfredi L. , Camerlingo Maria , Rowan S. , Gabrielli A. , Pomponio G. 
Published: June 2016

The potential impact of biofilm on healing in acute and chronic wounds is one of the most controversial current issues in wound care. A significant amount of laboratory-based research has been carried out on this topic, however, in 2013 the European Wound Management Association (EWMA) pointed out the lack of guidance for managing biofilms in clinical practice and solicited the need for guidelines and further clinical research. In response to this challenge, the Italian Nursing Wound Healing Society (AISLeC) initiated a project which aimed to achieve consensus among a multidisciplinary and multiprofessional international panel of experts to identify what could be considered part of ‘good clinical practice’ with respect to the recognition and management of biofilms in acute and chronic wounds. The group followed a systematic approach, developed by the GRADE working group, to define relevant questions and clinical recommendations raised in clinical practice. An independent librarian retrieved and screened approximately 2000 pertinent published papers to produce tables of levels of evidence. After a smaller focus group had a multistep structured discussion, and a formal voting process had been completed, ten therapeutic interventions were identified as being strongly recommendable for clinical practice, while another four recommendations were graded as being ‘weak’. The panel subsequently formulated a preliminary statement (although with a weak grade of agreement): ‘provided that other causes that prevent optimal wound healing have been ruled out, chronic wounds are chronically infected’. All members of the panel agreed that there is a paucity of reliable, well-conducted clinical trials which have produced clear evidence related to the effects of biofilm presence. In the meantime it was agreed that expert-based guidelines were needed to be developed for the recognition and management of biofilms in wounds and for the best design of future clinical trials. This is a fundamental and urgent task for both laboratory-based scientists and clinicians Declaration of interest: David Leaper was a paid lecturer/consultant advisor within the last two years for Johnson and Johnson, CareFusion and Pfizer. Andrea Bellingeri, consultant advisor in the last two years for Coloplast, Angelini. Keith Cutting: has received honoraria as a member of speakers bureaus and advisory boards and received travel and accommodation expenses from a number of wound products companies. All the other authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
Management of Patients With Venous Leg Ulcers: Challenges and Current Best Practice
Authors: Franks Peter J , Barker Judith , Collier Mark , Gethin Georgina , Haesler Emily , Jawien Arkadiusz , Laeuchli Severin , Mosti Giovanni , Probst Sebastian , Weller Carolina 
Published: June 2016

Introduction It is well documented that the prevalence of venous leg ulcers (VLUs) is increasing, coinciding with an ageing population. Accurate global prevalence of VLUs is difficult to estimate due to the range of methodologies used in studies and accuracy of reporting. 1 Venous ulceration is the most common type of leg ulceration and a significant clinical problem, affecting approximately 1% of the population and 3% of people over 80 years of age 2 in westernised countries. Moreover, the global prevalence of VLUs is predicted to escalate dramatically, as people are living longer, often with multiple comorbidities. Recent figures on the prevalence of VLUs are based on a small number of studies, conducted in Western countries, and the evidence is weak. However, it is estimated that 93% of VLUs will heal in 12 months, and 7% remain unhealed after five years. 3 Furthermore, the recurrence rate within 3 months after wound closure is as high as 70%. 4 -6 Thus, cost-effective adjunct evidence-based treatment strategies and services are needed to help prevent these ulcers, facilitate healing when they occur and prevent recurrence. The impact of a VLU represents social, personal, financial and psychological costs on the individual and further economic drain on the health-care system. This brings the challenge of providing a standardised leg ulcer service which delivers evidence-based treatment for the patient and their ulcer. It is recognised there are variations in practice and barriers preventing the implementation of best practice. There are patients not receiving appropriate and timely treatment in the initial development of VLUs, effective management of their VLU and preventing recurrence once the VLU has healed. Health-care professionals (HCPs) and organisations must have confidence in the development process of clinical practice guidelines and have ownership of these guidelines to ensure those of the highest quality guide their practice. These systematic judgments can assist in policy development, and decision making, improve communication, reduce errors and improve patient outcomes. There is an abundance of studies and guidelines that are available and regularly updated, however, there is still variation in the quality of the services offered to patients with a VLU. There are also variations in the evidence and some recommendations contradict each other, which can cause confusion and be a barrier to implementation. 7 The difference in health-care organisational structures, management support and the responsibility of VLU management can vary in different countries, often causing confusion and a barrier to seeking treatment. These factors further complicate the guideline implementation process, which is generally known to be a challenge with many diseases. 8
Sawing the legs off chairs in Reckless Sleepers’ A String Section
Authors: Kendall Lisa H. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
‘Sawing the legs off chairs in Reckless Sleepers’ A String Section’ considers the present and presence of the moving body, as a living and lived processual, experiential archive. These artist’s pages present and represent a micro-reflection upon the moments of live, experimental, improvisatory performance, rearticulating the possibilities of amassing, revisiting and representing theatrical, performative and daily experience(s) through a specific one-woman perspective. The written micro-reflection as a strand of the archive as identified above is devised as a response to a lengthy multi-stranded association with the practice of the work and its processes, with this written micro-reflection serving to expand upon the creative knowledges of the moving body in archival dialogue with A String Section.
Attitudes and principles of making
Authors: Ellis Simon 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
This is a list of principles – or perhaps attitudes – of choreographic practice and making. The list is not exhaustive, and indeed comprises many ideas that are so general that they would hold for any kind of making. In such a way they demand that we consider to what extent choreographic making is special at all. Perhaps the list might – as we continue to consider the nature of choreographic practices – help to provoke our questions, our processes, our methods and our choreographies.