bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardinal inequalities involving the weak Rothberger and cellularity games
Authors: Bella Angelo , Chiozini Lucas , Spadaro Santi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We prove several results in the theory of topological cardinal invariants involving the game-theoretic versions of the weak Lindelöf degree and of cellularity. One of them is related to Bell, Ginsburg and Woods’s 1978 question of whether every weakly Lindelöf regular first-countable space has cardinality at most continuum and another one is connected with Arhangel’skii’s 1970 question on the weak Lindelöf degree of the

$$G_\delta $$

G
δ

topology on a compact space. We provide a few application of our results, including some bounds on the cardinality of sequential and radial spaces. We finish with a series of counterexamples, which show the sharpness of our results and disprove a few natural conjectures about the impact of infinite games on topological cardinal invariants.
The Longitudinal Impact of Family, Religious, and School Support on the Mental Health of Filipino and Korean American Youth Across Adolescence
Authors: Park Michael , Park In Young , Choi Yoonsun , Henly Julia R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAsian Americans, currently the most rapidly expanding racial group in the USA, are experiencing persistent mental health inequities. These inequities are particularly pronounced during adolescence, highlighting the critical need for dedicated focus on this demographic. Social support is a key shield against mental distress among these adolescents, yet little research has examined the collective impact of multiple sources of support over time, across developmental stages, and for different ethnic subgroups. Drawing on the integrated conceptual framework, this longitudinal study is the first to our knowledge to examine how support from families, religious organizations, and schools together predicts mental health over time across adolescents’ developmental stages. We further examined how these relationships may be moderated by age groups, distinguishing between the early adolescence cohort and the middle adolescence cohort. Data were from the Midwest Longitudinal Study of Asian American Families (MLSAAF) project that survey-interviewed 378 Filipino American and 408 Korean American adolescents (Mage = 15 years). Findings reveal that family support consistently buffers against mental distress throughout adolescence for both groups. Religious support distinctly aids Filipino American early adolescents, while school support notably benefits early adolescents regardless of ethnicity. These findings emphasize the universal protective effects of social support, while also highlighting the nuanced ways that developmental stage and ethnicity may influence how different sources of support impact mental health. This underscores the need for developmentally and culturally sensitive mental health strategies for Asian American adolescents.
Obesity-related drug transporter expression alterations in human liver and kidneys
Authors: Kosicka-Noworzyń Katarzyna , Romaniuk-Drapała Aleksandra , Sheng Yi-Hua , Yohn Christine , Brunetti Luigi , Kagan Leonid 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Pathophysiological changes associated with obesity might impact various drug pharmacokinetics (PK) parameters. The liver and kidneys are the primary organs involved in drug clearance, and the function of hepatic and renal transporters is critical to efficient drug elimination (or reabsorption). Considering the impact of an increased BMI on the drug’s PK is crucial in directing dosing decisions. Given the critical role of transporters in drug biodisposition, this study investigated how overweight and obesity affect the gene expression of renal and hepatic drug transporters.

Methods
Human liver and kidney samples were collected post-mortem from 32 to 28 individuals, respectively, which were divided into the control group (lean subjects; 18.5 ≤ BMI < 25 kg/m2) and the study group (overweight/obese subjects; BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). Real-time quantitative PCR was performed for the analysis of 84 drug transporters.

Results
Our results show significant changes in the expression of genes involved in human transporters, both renal and hepatic. In liver tissue, we found that ABCC4 was up-regulated in overweight/obese subjects. In kidney tissue, up-regulation was only observed for ABCC10, while the other differentially expressed genes were down-regulated: ABCA1, ABCC3, and SLC15A1.

Conclusions
The observed alterations may be reflected by the differences in drug PK between lean and obese populations. However, these findings need further evaluation through the proteomic and functional study of these transporters in this patient population.
Die Jahre 1989/90 als Wagnis für ostdeutsche Allgemeinmediziner:innen
Authors: Kirschner Hariet , Henkel Rhea , Knoepffler Nikolaus , Bleidorn Jutta 
Published: October 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Ostdeutsche Allgemeinmediziner:innen (AM) waren im Transformationsprozesses um 1989/90 mit dem Anschluss an das BRD-Gesundheitssystem und der Niederlassung in eigener Praxis konfrontiert. Dies stellte einen herausfordernden Prozess dar.

Ziel der Arbeit
Nach über 30 Jahren werden Einsichten ostdeutscher AM zu repräsentierten Herausforderungen, Einflüssen und Bewertungen bez. des gesundheitspolitischen Systemwechsels um 1989/90 erfasst.

Material und Methoden
Anhand leitfadengestützter Interviews mit Thüringer AM wurden Transformationserfahrungen zum Systemwechsel um 1989/90 erhoben. Das Material wurde mit der inhaltlich-strukturierenden Inhaltsanalyse nach Kuckartz ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
Es werden Einsichten in den Kategorien Herausforderungen, Bewältigung und Bewertung des Systemumbruchs im ambulanten Gesundheitssystem erfasst. Herausforderungen werden im Zuge der Einnahme einer Unternehmer:innenrolle und der Entwicklung der hausärztlichen Niederlassung erinnert. Zur Bewältigung wurden unterschiedliche Unterstützungserfahrungen, aber auch das Bewusstsein der beruflichen Kompetenz und Ausbildung in der DDR erwähnt. Die Bewertung des Umbruchprozesses wird auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen positiv wie negativ erfasst.

Diskussion
Die berufliche Umbruchserfahrung um 1989/90 wird von den ostdeutschen AM heterogen, jedoch als krisenbehaftete Phase erinnert. Diese Facette der gesellschaftspolitischen Transformation sollte als spezifisch ostdeutsche Erfahrung weitere Aufarbeitung auch hinsichtlich der Bewältigung kommender Aufgaben im Gesundheitssystem erfahren.
Recentring the Political in Education for Sustainable Development: Participatory Photovoice Research as Prefigurative Politics Towards Social-ecological Transformation
Authors: Pettig Fabian , Lippe Daniela 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBased on the critique of education for sustainable development (ESD) as a socio-political control element of ecological modernisation, we discuss the prefigurative potential of participatory photovoice research in schools in light of social-ecological transformation. We argue that engaging students in prefigurative practices of change in which (sustainable) counter-futures are explored in the (unsustainable) present can help to re-politicise ESD, and we view photovoice as a way to guide this transformative process. Drawing on examples from a participatory research project on the transformation of local food systems in Graz, Austria, we critically explored photovoice as a method of transformative education that creates power-critical spaces of possible futures in which (un)sustainable hegemony and collectively internalised patterns of thought and action can be questioned to envision and negotiate liveable futures for all.
Baltic sea ice thickness estimation based on X-band SAR data and background information
Authors: Karvonen Juha Antero , Cheng Bin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this study an operational sea ice thickness (SIT) estimation algorithm, based on HH-polarized X-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data, background information from the most recent, typically from the previous day, available daily Baltic Sea ice chart and the operational Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) thermodynamic ice model, was developed and evaluated. The algorithm was designed to complement the C-band SAR SIT algorithm developed earlier at FMI and applied daily as part of the operational Copernicus Marine Service (CMS). The X-band SIT algorithm was developed by utilizing the sea ice thickness measurements made onboard the Finnish and Swedish ice breakers during two winters seasons: 2021–2022 and 2022–2023. The former season measurements were used for defining the algorithm parameters and the later season for evaluation of the algorithm performance. According to the evaluation metrics the X-band algorithm performance is slightly better than that of the operational CMS C-band SAR SIT algorithm, indicating its suitability for operational use in CMS.
Whittaker coefficients of geometric Eisenstein series
Authors: Taylor Jeremy 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Geometric Langlands predicts an isomorphism between Whittaker coefficients of Eisenstein series and functions on the moduli space of

$\check {N}$

-local systems. We prove this formula by interpreting Whittaker coefficients of Eisenstein series as factorization homology and then invoking Beilinson and Drinfeld’s formula for chiral homology of a chiral enveloping algebra.
Recurrent colonization with methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus after successful decolonization in a neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Balamohan Archana , Annavajhala Medini K. , Boyar Vitaliya , Chong Alexander , Uhlemann Anne-Catrin , Rubin Lorry G. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRecurrent methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus colonization following successful decolonization in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) has been observed. Of 17 recolonization events, 53% were due to concordant strains; 19 different spa types were identified. Results of this study support sources of re-acquisition both intrinsic and extrinsic to the NICU.
Identifying bilingual reference profiles: a cluster-analysis approach to reference production among Greek–Italian bilingual children
Authors: Vogelzang Margreet , Torregrossa Jacopo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEmpirical studies on bilingual children’s reference production have often focussed on comparisons with monolingual peers. In this study, we introduce the concept of ‘reference profiles’: Speakers may exhibit similar or different behaviours in reference production, independently of whether they belong to a specific group (e.g., monolinguals or bilinguals) or whether their production adheres to some norm. Thirty-seven Greek–Italian bilingual children (Mage = 9;4, range 7;10–11;6) performed narrative retelling tasks in both of their languages, as well as vocabulary tasks and various cognitive tasks. The results show that the children had a good mastery of reference (i.e., appropriately using null pronouns, full pronouns or full nouns) in both of their languages. Using cluster analyses, we identified two distinct reference profiles. Further investigation showed that these profiles differed in both their sustained attention and in the use of overspecified referring expressions in contexts where reference to the same referent was maintained. These results are interpreted in light of current cognitive theories of (bilingual) reference processing and emphasise the potential of reference profiles for the study of other domains beyond bilingual reference production.
The national network of US state legislators on Twitter
Authors: Gopal Ishita , Kim Taegyoon , Nakka Nitheesha , Boehmke Frederick J. , Harden Jeffrey J. , Desmarais Bruce A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Networks among legislators shape politics and policymaking within legislative institutions. In past work on legislative networks, the ties between legislators have been defined on those who serve in the same legislature or chamber. Online information networks, which have been found to play important roles in legislative communication at the national level, are not bounded by individual legislative bodies. We collect original data for over four thousand US state legislators and study patterns of connection among them on Twitter. We look at three types of Twitter networks—follower, retweets, and mentions. We describe these networks and estimate the relationships between ties and salient attributes of legislators. We find that networks are organized largely along geographic and partisan lines and that identity attributes—namely gender and race—exhibit strong associations with the formation of ties.
Allies at Heart? A Study of Ideational Continentalism in Canadians’ Foreign Policy Attitudes
Authors: Jiang Diya , Toettoe Benjamin , Turcsanyi Richard 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe United States has long represented one of Canada's primary international allies. This partnership has remained strong despite turbulent times in the relationship, such as the one brought forth by the Trump presidency. Our article seeks to understand the sources of such continuity through the lens of continentalism. While historical accounts of continentalism have portrayed it as a passive force stemming from Canada's material self-interest, scholars have recently identified the emergence of an evolved form of continentalism that represents a dominant idea and a coherent analytical framework in Canadian foreign policy. Has this new form of continentalism indeed gained widespread acceptance among Canadians? We answer this question by considering continentalism in the ideational realm. Using novel public opinion data, our analysis investigates whether continentalist attitudes have become embedded in Canadians’ national identity and foster closer alignment preferences vis-à-vis the United States. We find significant and robust evidence of such effects.
Priests and their Wigs in Eighteenth-Century Rome
Authors: Pattenden Miles 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The wig was the quintessential accessory of eighteenth-century European culture, but the wearing of wigs by clerics became a subject of heated controversy across Catholic societies. Critics of clerical wig-wearing pointed to its inherent vanity, to Paul's proscription against men covering their heads in Church in 1 Corinthians 11, and to its apparent denial of the tonsure's importance as the visible outward sign of clerical status. However, defenders pointed to arguments about the need to cover up imperfections in the priest's body and avoid scandal. Various bishops moved to restrict the use of wigs amongst their diocesan clergy. However, no bishop was more active in legislating than the bishops of Rome themselves. Popes from Clement IX (r. 1667–69) to Pius VI (r. 1775–99) all issued instructions about clerical wig-wearing and their legislation betrays shifting attitudes and approaches. The most zealous rules from the 1720s gradually gave way to more pragmatic ones which attest to the persistent desire of Roman clerics to engage in male status competition and to the growing difficulty that the Church's leadership had in persuading them of the intrinsic superiority of their clerical status.
Storm in an Ice Cream Cone: Was Ben & Jerry's Decision to End Ice Cream Sales in Israeli Settlements a Responsible Corporate Exit from Occupied Territories?
Authors: Kolieb Jonathan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBen & Jerry's – the famous ice cream brand known for its quirky flavours and social justice ethos – announced in 2021 that it would withdraw its products from Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (OPT). This announcement sparked controversy, with an impact on the company and its parent, Unilever. While the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (2011) (UNGP) have established themselves as the leading international governance framework for the social responsibilities of businesses, their application to conflict-affected areas lacks clarity. Questions remain, including when is a company legally complicit in violations of international humanitarian law (IHL), and when is a corporate exit from an area under military occupation the appropriate and responsible thing to do. This article uses Ben & Jerry's withdrawal from the OPT as the basis for investigating these questions. It finds that while it is unlikely that Ben & Jerry's would be exposed to any legal liability for violating IHL through its product sales in Israeli settlements in the OPT, its withdrawal aligns with its responsibilities under the UNGP as a reasonable and prudent corporate action in response to its activities being linked to enduring and severe IHL violations.
How can you help us, Mr Darwin? Social Darwinism in the history of Chinese international thought
Authors: Wojciuk Anna , Górecki Maciej A. , Kowalski Bartosz 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Social Darwinism was a pathbreaker in the history of Chinese international thought. In this study, we explore the hitherto sparsely discussed process of the reception of social Darwinism in China, which led to a fundamental transformation in Chinese thinking about the international order and the position of China vis-à-vis Western powers. Drawing on the work of three leaders of that intellectual transformation – Yan Fu, Kang Youwei, and Liang Qichao – we analyse issues such as the struggle for existence and survival, national and racial competition, and statism. We demonstrate how the three aforementioned thinkers modified the original Darwinist thought, enriching it with voluntarism and radical collectivism, all in order for the emerging set of ideas to suit China’s historically determined needs. Overall, our analysis contributes to both the history of International Relations thought in China and the broader debate on the globalisation of IR theory and IR knowledge production.
Best Practices and the Need for Research on MA Degree Programs in Political Science
Authors: De Maio Jennifer L. , Macias Alexandra 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTRecent research suggests that master’s (MA) education in the United States could be restructured to better meet the expectations of students who seek nonacademic careers. This article considers the state of terminal MA degree programs in political science to assess whether they are preparing students to enter the workforce. We examine programs across various dimensions and supplement this analysis with survey data to gain additional information about the purpose of terminal MA degree programs. The results suggest that their reconceptualization is needed in the discipline of political science.
Adjustments to Climate Perturbations—Mechanisms, Implications, Observational Constraints
Authors: Quaas Johannes , Andrews Timothy , Bellouin Nicolas , Block Karoline , Boucher Olivier , Ceppi Paulo , Dagan Guy , Doktorowski Sabine , Eichholz Hannah Marie , Forster Piers , Goren Tom , Gryspeerdt Edward , Hodnebrog Øivind , Jia Hailing , Kramer Ryan , Lange Charlotte , Maycock Amanda C. , Mülmenstädt Johannes , Myhre Gunnar , O’Connor Fiona M. , Pincus Robert , Samset Bjørn Hallvard , Senf Fabian , Shine Keith P. , Smith Chris , Stjern Camilla Weum , Takemura Toshihiko , Toll Velle , Wall Casey J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSince the 5th Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (AR5) an extended concept of the energetic analysis of climate change including forcings, feedbacks and adjustment processes has become widely adopted. Adjustments are defined as processes that occur in response to the introduction of a climate forcing agent, but that are independent of global‐mean surface temperature changes. Most considered are the adjustments that impact the Earth energy budget and strengthen or weaken the instantaneous radiative forcing due to the forcing agent. Some adjustment mechanisms also impact other aspects of climate not related to the Earth radiation budget. Since AR5 and a following description by Sherwood et al. (2015, https://doi.org/10.1175/bams‐d‐13‐00167.1), much research on adjustments has been performed and is reviewed here. We classify the adjustment mechanisms into six main categories, and discuss methods of quantifying these adjustments in terms of their potentials, shortcomings and practicality. We furthermore describe aspects of adjustments that act beyond the energetic framework, and we propose new ideas to observe adjustments or to make use of observations to constrain their representation in models. Altogether, the problem of adjustments is now on a robust scientific footing, and better quantification and observational constraint is possible. This allows for improvements in understanding and quantifying climate change.
The Pivotal Role of Evaporation in Lake Water Isotopic Variability Across Space and Time in a High Arctic Periglacial Landscape
Authors: Akers Pete D. , Kopec Ben G. , Klein Eric S. , Bailey Hannah , Welker Jeffrey M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRapidly changing climate is disrupting the High Arctic's water systems. As tracers of hydrological processes, stable water isotopes can be used for high quality monitoring of Arctic waters to better reconstruct past changes and assess future environmental threats. However, logistical challenges typically limit the length and scope of isotopic monitoring in High Arctic landscapes. Here, we present a comprehensive isotopic survey of 535 water samples taken in 2018 and 2019 of the lakes and other surface waters of the periglacial Pituffik Peninsula in far northwest Greenland. The δ18O, δ2H, and deuterium‐excess values of these samples, representing 196 unique sites, grant unprecedented insight into the environmental drivers of the regional hydrology and water isotopic variability. We find that the spatial variability of lake water isotopes can best be explained through evaporation and the hydrological ability of a lake to replace evaporative water losses with precipitation and snowmelt. Temporally, summer‐long evaporation can drive lake water isotopes beyond the isotopic range observed in precipitation, and wide interannual changes in lake water isotopes reflect annual weather differences that influenced evaporation. Following this, water isotope samples taken at individual times or sites in similar periglacial landscapes may have limited regional representativeness, and increasing the spatiotemporal extent of isotopic sampling is critical to producing accurate and informative High Arctic paleoclimate reconstructions. Overall, our survey highlights the diversity of isotopic compositions in Pituffik surface waters, and our complete isotopic and geospatial database provides a strong foundation for future researchers to study hydrological changes at Pituffik and across the Arctic.