bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the adherence factors of
Escherichia coli
at the bovine recto-anal junction
Authors: Nawrocki Erin M. , Kudva Indira T. , Dudley Edward G. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Shiga toxin
–
producing
Escherichia coli
(STEC) are major foodborne pathogens that result in thousands of hospitalizations each year in the United States. Cattle, the natural reservoir, harbor STEC asymptomatically at the recto-anal junction (RAJ). The molecular mechanisms that allow STEC and non-STEC
E. coli
to adhere to the RAJ are not fully understood, in part because most adherence studies utilize human cell culture models. To identify a set of bovine-specific
E. coli
adherence factors, we used the primary RAJ squamous epithelial (RSE) cell-adherence assay to coculture RSE cells from healthy Holstein cattle with diverse
E. coli
strains from bovine and nonbovine sources. We hypothesized that a comparative genomic analysis of the strains would reveal factors associated with RSE adherence. After performing adherence assays with historical strains from the
E. coli
Reference Center (
n
= 62) and strains newly isolated from the RAJ (
n
= 15), we used the bioinformatic tool Roary to create a pangenome of this collection. We classified strains as either low or high adherence and using the Scoary program compiled a list of accessory genes correlated with the “high adherence” strains. While none of the correlations were statistically significant, several gene clusters were associated with the high-adherence phenotype, including two that encode uncharacterized proteins. We also demonstrated that non-STEC
E. coli
strains from the RAJ are more adherent than other isolates and can outcompete STEC in coculture with RSEs. Further analysis of adherence-associated gene clusters may lead to an improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms of RSE adherence and may help develop probiotics targeting STEC in cattle.

IMPORTANCE

E. coli
strains that produce Shiga toxin cause foodborne illness in humans but colonize cattle asymptomatically. The molecular mechanisms that
E. coli
uses to adhere to cattle cells are largely unknown. Various strategies are used to control
E. coli
in livestock and limit the risk of outbreaks. These include vaccinating animals against common
E. coli
strains and supplementing their feed with probiotics to reduce the carriage of pathogens. No strategy is completely effective, and probiotics often fail to colonize the animals. We sought to clarify the genes required for
E. coli
adherence in cattle by quantifying the attachment to bovine cells in a diverse set of bacteria. We also isolated nonpathogenic
E. coli
from healthy cows and showed that a representative isolate could outcompete pathogenic strains in cocultures. We propose that the focused study of these strains and their adherence factors will better inform the design of probiotics and vaccines for livestock.
Prolonged reducing and ferruginous oceanic conditions and abrupt global seawater oxidation after oceanic anoxic event 1a
Authors: Matsumoto Hironao , Shibuya Takazo , Shirai Kotaro , Kuroda Junichiro , Suzuki Katsuhiko 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
During the Cretaceous, several massive volcanic episodes led to significant environmental perturbations, including oceanic anoxic events (OAEs). The volcanic eruption forming Ontong Java Nui (ca. 120 Ma) in the western Pacific Ocean is recognized as the largest volcanic event on Earth and is thought to have caused oceanic anoxic event 1a (OAE1a). Although metal emissions from this volcanism are believed to have played a crucial role in triggering the Aptian oceanic anoxia, no direct evidence has been reported so far. Here, we showed that the iron-bearing minerals in the sedimentary sequence of the Mid-Pacific Mountains, deposited near Ontong Java Nui, gradually changed from pyrite and siderite to hematite after OAE1a. Notably, the presence of enigmatic large siderite (FeCO3) grains during the early to mid-Aptian suggests that strongly ferruginous condition prevailed in the Mid-Pacific region, potentially reflecting the substantial iron input from Ontong Java Nui volcanism through hydrothermal activity and volcanic ash emissions. This iron influx likely stimulated ocean primary production by cyanobacteria and potentially contributed to the oceanic anoxia and associated biotic crises of marine plankton. The stratigraphic distribution of siderite indicates that oxygen-depleted and strongly ferruginous conditions triggered by this volcanic event persisted for ~3 m.y. in the Pacific region, even after OAE1a. The disappearance of siderite grains during the mid-Aptian corresponds to the worldwide appearance of hematite-bearing brownish layers, suggesting that global oceanic conditions abruptly became fully oxic due to the weakening of Ontong Java Nui volcanism.
Associations between maternal body mass index and childhood infections in UK primary care: findings from the Born in Bradford birth cohort study
Authors: Coathup Victoria , Ashdown Helen Frances , Carson Claire , Santorelli Gillian , Quigley Maria A 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveTo explore associations between maternal body mass index (BMI) in early pregnancy and childhood infections.DesignBirth cohort study linked to primary care records.SettingBradford, UK.ParticipantsLive singleton births within the Born in Bradford cohort study between 2007 and 2011.ExposuresMaternal BMI in early pregnancy.Main outcome measuresThe total number of infections between birth and ~14 years of age with subgroup analysis by infection type and age.ResultsA total of 9037 mothers and 9540 children were included in the main analysis. 45% of women were of Pakistani ethnicity and 6417 women (56%) were overweight or obese. There was an overall trend for an increasing infection rate with increasing maternal BMI. In adjusted models, only those with obesity grade 2–3 had offspring with significantly higher rates of infection during the first year of life (RR 1.12 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.20)) compared with women of healthy weight. However, by age 5 to <15 years, children born to overweight women (RR 1.09 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.16)), obese grade 1 women (RR 1.18 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.28)) or obese grade 2 women (RR 1.31 (95% CI 1.16 to 1.48)) all had significantly higher rates of infection compared with those born to healthy weight mothers. Respiratory tract and skin/soft tissue infections made up the majority of excess infections.ConclusionsMaternal BMI was positively associated with rates of offspring infection in this study cohort, and suggests that we should be supporting women to achieve a healthy weight for pregnancy. Future research should investigate whether this is replicated in other populations, whether there is a causal association and the potential mechanisms and areas for intervention.
The value of white blood cell count in predicting serious bacterial infections in children presenting to the emergency department: a multicentre observational study
Authors: Kemps Naomi , Vermont Clementien , Tan Chantal D , von Both Ulrich , Carrol Enitan , Emonts Marieke , van der Flier Michiel , Herberg Jethro Adam , Kohlmaier Benno , Levin Michael , Lim Emma , Maconochie Ian , Martinón-Torres Federico , Nijman Ruud Gerard , Pokorn Marko , Rivero-Calle Irene , Rudzāte Aleksandra , Tsolia Maria , Zavadska Dace , Zenz Werner , Moll Henriette A , Zachariasse Joany M 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundWhite blood cell count (WBC) is a widely used marker for the prediction of serious bacterial infection (SBI); however, previous research has shown poor performance. This study aims to assess the value of WBC in the prediction of SBI in children at the emergency department (ED) and compare its value with C reactive protein (CRP) and absolute neutrophil count (ANC).MethodsThis study is an observational multicentre study including febrile children aged 0–18 years attending 1 of 12 EDs in 8 European countries. The association between WBC and SBI was assessed by multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for age, CRP and duration of fever. Additionally, diagnostic performance was assessed by sensitivity and specificity. Results were compared with CRP and ANC.ResultsWe included 17 082 children with WBC measurements, of which 1854 (10.9%) had an SBI. WBC >15 had an adjusted OR of 1.9 (95% CI 1.7 to 2.1) for prediction of SBI, after adjusting for confounders. Sensitivity and specificity were 0.56 (95% CI 0.54 to 0.58) and 0.74 (0.73 to 0.75) for WBC >15, and 0.32 (0.30 to 0.34) and 0.91 (0.91 to 0.91) for WBC >20, respectively. In comparison, CRP >20 mg/L had a sensitivity of 0.87 (95% CI 0.85 to 0.88) and a specificity of 0.59 (0.58 to 059). For CRP >80 mg/L, the sensitivity was 0.55 (95% CI 0.52 to 057) and the specificity was 0.91 (0.90 to 0.91). Additionally, for ANC >10, the sensitivity was 0.55 (95% CI 0.53 to 0.58) and the specificity was 0.75 (0.75 to 0.76). The combination of WBC and CRP did not improve performance compared with CRP alone.ConclusionWBC does not have diagnostic benefit in identifying children with an SBI compared with CRP and should only be measured for specific indications.
Cerebral injury and retinopathy as risk factors for blindness in extremely preterm infants
Authors: Honan Benjamin M , McDonald Scott A , Travers Colm P , Shukla Vivek V , Ambalavanan Namasivayam , Cotten C Michael , Jain Viral G , Arnold Hope E , Parikh Nehal A , Tyson Jon E , Hintz Susan R , Walker Stephen A , Gantz Marie G , Das Abhik , Carlo Waldemar A 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveThis study investigates whether and to what extent cerebral injury is associated with bilateral blindness in extremely preterm infants, which has been attributed mainly to retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).DesignMulticentre analysis of children born from 1994 to 2021 at gestational age 22 0/7 to 28 6/7 weeks with follow-up at 18–26 months. Logistic regression examined the adjusted association of bilateral blindness with severe ROP and/or cerebral injury among extremely preterm infants.ExposuresSevere ROP and cerebral injury, the latter defined as any of the following on cranial imaging: ventriculomegaly; blood/increased echogenicity in the parenchyma; cystic periventricular leukomalacia.Main outcome measuresBilateral blindness, defined as a follow-up examination meeting criteria of ‘blind—some functional vision’ or ‘blind—no useful vision’ in both eyes.ResultsThe 19 863 children included had a mean gestational age of 25.6±1.7 weeks, mean birth weight of 782±158 g and 213 (1%) had bilateral blindness. Multiplicative interaction between ROP and cerebral injury was statistically significant. For infants with only severe ROP (n=3130), odds of blindness were 8.14 times higher (95% CI 4.52 to 14.65), and for those with only cerebral injury (n=2836), odds were 8.38 times higher (95% CI 5.28 to 13.28), compared with the reference group without either condition. Risks were not synergistic for infants with both severe ROP and cerebral injury (n=1438, adjusted OR=28.7, 95% CI 16.0 to 51.7, p<0.0001).ConclusionsIn a group of extremely preterm infants, severe ROP and cerebral injury were equally important risk factors for blindness. Besides ROP, clinicians should consider cerebral injury as a cause of blindness in children born extremely preterm.Trial registration numberNCT00063063.
Anisotropic interior models with Kohler–Chao–Tikekar-like complexity factor
Authors: Albalahi Abeer M. , Yousaf Z. , Khan S. , Ali Akbar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis work explores the construction of spherically symmetric models of stellar interiors by incorporating the null complexity factor (CF) as an additional constraint. This supplementary condition helps us to close an array of stellar structure equations resulting from the process of gravitational decoupling. By making use of MGD-type gravitational decoupling we analyze the role of gravitational decoupling and its impact on the complexity of static, self-gravitational systems. We begin by considering an anisotropic seed solution described by the Kohler–Chao–Tikekar metric ansatz. We then apply the minimal geometric deformation technique to this seed solution, imposing the constraint that the effective anisotropic factor vanishes. This constraint leads to the generation of an isotropic stellar solution. Furthermore, we construct a second family of solutions in which the CF, remains the same for both the seed solution and its minimally deformed counterpart. Our analysis further investigated the influence of both the deformation parameter and the CF on the structural properties of the static and spherically symmetric stellar objects.
Evolution of the color dipole cross section
Authors: Boroun G. R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUsing Laplace transform techniques, we describe the evolution of the color dipole cross section at the leading-order and next-to-leading-order approximations from the Bartels–Golec-Biernat–Kowalski model in a kinematic region of low values of the Bjorken variable x and a wide range of transverse dipole size r. This evolution method shows that the saturation scale and geometric scaling are retained. We derived analytical results for the integrated and unintegrated color dipole gluon distribution functions and compared them with the CJ15 parameterization group and the unintegrated color dipole gluon distribution models, respectively. The Sudakov form factor in the evolution of the unintegrated color dipole gluon distribution is incorporated, and the results are considered at small and large values of $$k_{t}^{2}$$

k

t

2

.
Gauge-invariant quantum fields
Authors: Quadri A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGauge-invariant quantum fields are constructed in an Abelian power-counting renormalizable gauge theory with both scalar, vector and fermionic matter content. This extends previous results already obtained for the gauge-invariant description of the Higgs mode via a propagating gauge-invariant field. The renormalization of the model is studied in the Algebraic Renormalization approach. The decomposition of Slavnov–Taylor identities into separately invariant sectors is analyzed. We also comment on some non-renormalizable extensions of the model whose 1-PI Green’s functions are the flows of certain differential equations of the homogeneous Euler type, exactly resumming the dependence on a certain set of dim. 6 and dim. 8 derivative operators. The latter are identified uniquely by the condition that they span the mass and kinetic terms in the gauge-invariant dynamical fields. The construction can be extended to non-Abelian gauge groups.
Chromoelectric flux tubes within non-Abelian Proca theory
Authors: Dzhunushaliev Vladimir , Folomeev Vladimir 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFlux tube solutions within non-Abelian SU(3) Proca theory with external sources are obtained. It is shown that such tubes have a longitudinal chromoelectric field possessing two components (nonlinear and gradient), as well as a transverse chromomagnetic field whose force lines create concentric circles with the center on the axis of the tube. The scenario of a possible relationship between non-Abelian Proca theory and quantum chromodynamics is considered. In such scenario: (a) the components of color fields have different behavior: those which are almost classical, and those which are purely quantum; (b) the second components create a gluon condensate that is a source of the field for the almost classical components of the Proca field; (c) Proca masses may appear as a result of an approximate description of the gluon condensate; (d) the question of gauge invariance is considered. It is shown that the results obtained are in good agreement with the results of lattice calculations. We make an assumption that an approximate description of a flux tube in quantum chromodynamics can be carried out using classical Proca equations but with a mandatory account of a gluon condensate.
Axially symmetric solutions in Ricci-inverse modified gravity
Authors: Ahmed F. , de Souza J. C. R. , Santos A. F. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe investigate a family of axial symmetry solution constructed in general relativity (GR) within the framework of Ricci-inverse (RI) gravity theory. In GR, these solutions admitted closed time-like curves at an instant of time from an initial spacelike hypersurface in a causally well-behaved manner, thus, violates the causality condition. Our aim is to examine these axial symmetry solutions within the context of Ricci-inverse gravity theory to determine whether closed time-like curves still appear in this new gravity theory. We consider two Classes of RI-gravity models: (i) Class-II models defined by a function $$f=f({\mathcal {R}}, A^{\mu \nu }\,A_{\mu \nu })$$

f
=
f
(
R
,

A

μ
ν

A

μ
ν

)

gravity and (ii) Class-III models defined by $$f=f({\mathcal {R}},{\mathcal {A}}, A^{\mu \nu }\,A_{\mu \nu })$$

f
=
f
(
R
,
A
,

A

μ
ν

A

μ
ν

)

, where $$A^{\mu \nu }$$

A

μ
ν

is the anti-curvature tensor, $${\mathcal {A}}=g_{\mu \nu }\,A^{\mu \nu }$$

A
=

g

μ
ν

A

μ
ν

as its scalar, and $$R^{\mu \nu }$$

R

μ
ν

is the Ricci tensor. We are able solved the modified field equations considering these axial symmetry solutions as background in RI-gravity with null radiation as the matter content and the cosmological constant. This confirms that the chosen family of axial symmetry solutions are valid solutions in RI-gravity theory and, consequently, closed time-like curves is still form, analogous to their formation in GR.
A new perspective on gravitational collapse: a comprehensive analysis using $$\Theta $$ parametrization
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Jaiswal Annu , Srivastava Sudhir Kumar , Pacif Shibesh Kumar Jas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this article, we have studied some new facets of gravitational collapse, beyond conventional notions of black holes, and naked singularities. The present work is focused on the unresolved problems of theoretical physics concerning the final fate of the gravitational collapse of any massive star. By generalizing the foundational work of Oppenheimer and Snyder (Phys Rev 56:455, 1939), we have considered the homogeneous gravitational collapsing system filled with perfect fluid distributions (devoid of dust fluid) within the framework of GR theory. The article investigates a homogeneous gravitational collapsing system using a parametrization scheme for the expansion-scalar $$(\Theta )$$

(
Θ
)

and determining the exact solution of field equations. Further, by employing the known Darmois–Israel boundary condition, we have discussed the solution in more detail, and the model’s physical and geometrical quantities are obtained in terms of stellar mass (M), making it crucial for astrophysical applications. To assess the astrophysical viability of our model, we consider a massive star-$$\beta $$
β
Canis Majoris and throughout this study we have presented a detailed numerical and graphical analysis of our model. The analysis of singularities in the models is conducted through the examination of the apparent horizon. Our findings demonstrate that the star continues to collapse indefinitely in co-moving time, ultimately leading to a space-time singularity-this represents a case of continuous gravitational collapse. We propose that this scenario describes an “Eternal Collapsing Object,” which may be treated as a “mathematical black hole without any finite equilibrium state.” Our presented models undergo rigorous physical tests to ensure their regularity, causality, and stability, and to satisfy the necessary energy conditions.
Estimation of the Hubble constant using Gaussian process regression and viable alternatives
Authors: Zammit Samuel , Suda David , Sammut Fiona , Said Jackson Levi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA well-known problem in cosmology is the ‘Hubble tension’ problem, i.e. different estimates for the Hubble constant $$H_0$$

H
0

are not concordant with each other. This work investigates different statistical methods for estimating this value using cosmic chronometer, type Ia supernova and baryonic acoustic data. We start by making use of methods already established in the literature for this purpose, namely Gaussian process regression and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods based on the concordance $$\varLambda $$
Λ
CDM model. We also consider two novel approaches; the first makes use of non-parametric MCMC inference on the hyperparameters of a Gaussian process kernel, independently of any cosmological model. The second approach is Student’s t-process regression, which is a generalised version of Gaussian process regression that makes use of the multivariate Student’s t-distribution instead of the multivariate Gaussian distribution. We also consider variants of these two methods which account for heteroscedasticity within the data. A comparison of the different approaches is made. In particular, the model-independent techniques investigated mostly agree with predictions based on the $$\varLambda $$
Λ
CDM model. Moreover, Gaussian process regression is highly sensitive to the prior specification, while Student’s t-process regression and the heteroscedastic variants of both methods are more robust to this. Student’s t-process regression and both heteroscedastic models suggest a lower value of the Hubble constant. Across all the estimates obtained for the Hubble constant within this work, the median value is $$\hat{H}_0^{med} = 68.85 \pm 1.67$$

H
^

0

med

=
68.85
±
1.67

km s$$^{-1}$$

-
1

Mpc$$^{-1}$$

-
1

.
Exploring the molecular scenario of X(4160)
Authors: Li Ruitian , He Dazhuang , Luo Xuan , Sun Hao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this work, we investigate the decays of meson X(4160) in the molecular frame. By using an effective lagrangian approach, we calculate the widths of $$X(4160)\rightarrow J/\psi \phi $$

X
(
4160
)
→
J
/
ψ
ϕ

, $$D^*\bar{D}^*$$

D
∗

D

¯

∗

, $$D^*\bar{D}$$

D
∗

D

¯

and $$D\bar{D}$$

D

D

¯

through the triangle loop mechanism in the molecular scenario. Based on the compositeness condition, the coupling between X(4160) and the $$D_s^*\bar{D}_s^*$$

D
s
∗

D

¯

s
∗

molecular state is determined. The other coupling constants used are determined phenomenologically. The calculation of the decay widths shows that the $$D^*\bar{D}^*$$

D
∗

D

¯

∗

decay mode has a larger branching ratio. These predictions can be seen as a test for the charmonium assignment of X(4160).
Circular motion and QPOs near black holes in Kalb–Ramond gravity
Authors: Jumaniyozov Shokhzod , Khan Saeed Ullah , Rayimbaev Javlon , Abdujabbarov Ahmadjon , Urinbaev Sharofiddin , Murodov Sardor 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGeneral relativity (GR) theory modifications include different scalar, vector, and tensor fields with non-minimal gravitational coupling. Kalb–Ramond (KR) gravity is a modified theory formulated based on the presence of the bosonic field. One astrophysical way to test gravity is by studying the motion of test particles in the spacetime of black holes (BHs) using observational data. In the present work, we aimed to test KR gravity through theoretical studies of epicyclic frequencies of particle oscillations using quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) frequency data from microquasars. First, we derive equations of motion and analyze the effective potential for circular orbits. Also, we studied the energy and angular momentum of particles corresponding to circular orbits. In addition, we analyze the stability of circular orbits. It is shown that the radius of the innermost stable circular orbits is inversely proportional to the KR parameter. We are also interested in how the energy and angular momentum of test particles at ISCO behave around the KR BHs. We found that the Keplerian frequency for the test particles in KR gravity is the same as that in GR. Finally, we study the QPOs by applying epicyclic oscillations in the relativistic precession (RP), warped disc (WD), and epicyclic resonance (ER) models. We also analyze QPO orbits in the resonance cases of upper and lower frequencies 3:2, 4:3, and 5:4 in the QPO as mentioned above models. We obtain constraints on the KR gravity parameter and BH mass using a Monte Carlo Markov Chain simulation in the multidimensional parameter space for the microquasars GRO J1655-40 & XTE J1550-564, M82 X-1, and Sgr A*.