bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐distance dispersal explains the bipolar disjunction in Carex macloviana
Authors: Márquez‐Corro José I. , Escudero Marcial , Martín‐Bravo Santiago , Villaverde Tamara , Luceño Modesto 
Published: April 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:The sedge Carex macloviana d'Urv presents a bipolar distribution. To clarify the origin of its distribution, we consider the four main hypotheses: long‐distance dispersal (either by mountain hopping or by direct dispersal), vicariance, parallel evolution, and human introduction.METHODS:Phylogenetic, phylogeographic, and divergence time estimation analyses were carried out based on two nuclear ribosomal (ETS and ITS) regions, one nuclear single copy gene (CATP), and three plastid DNA regions (rps16 and 5′trnK introns, and psbA‐trnH spacer), using Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood, and statistical parsimony. Bioclimatic data were used to characterize the climatic niche of C. macloviana.KEY RESULTS:Carex macloviana constitutes a paraphyletic species, dating back to the Pleistocene (0.62 Mya, 95% highest posterior density: 0.29–1.00 Mya). This species displays strong genetic structure between hemispheres, with two different lineages in the Southern Hemisphere and limited genetic differentiation in Northern Hemisphere populations. Also, populations from the Southern Hemisphere show a narrower climatic niche with regards to the Northern Hemisphere populations.CONCLUSIONS:Carex macloviana reached its bipolar distribution by long‐distance dispersal, although it was not possible to determine whether it was caused by mountain hopping or by direct dispersal. While there is some support that Carex macloviana might have colonized the Northern Hemisphere by south‐to‐north transhemisphere dispersal during the Pleistocene, unlike the southwards dispersal pattern inferred for other bipolar Carex L. species, we cannot entirely rule out north‐to‐south dispersion.
The Discovery and Origin of a Very High-velocity Cloud Toward M33
Authors: Zheng Y. , Werk J. K. , Peek J. E. G. , Putman M. E. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
We report the detection of a largely ionized very high-velocity cloud (VHVC;

km

) toward M33 with the Hubble Space Telescope/Cosmic Origin Spectrograph. The VHVC is detected in O i, C ii, Si ii, and Si iii absorption along five sightlines separated by

. On sub-degree scales, the velocities and ionic column densities of the VHVC remain relatively smooth with standard deviations of ±14 km

and ±0.15 dex between the sightlines, respectively. The VHVC has a metallicity of [O i/H i] = −0.56 ± 0.17 dex (Z = 0.28 ± 0.11

). Despite the position–velocity proximity of the VHVC to the ionized Magellanic Stream, the VHVC’s higher metallicity makes it unlikely to be associated with the Stream, highlighting the complex velocity structure of this region of sky. We investigate the VHVC’s possible origin by revisiting its surrounding H i environment. We find that the VHVC may be (1) a MW CGM cloud, (2) related to a nearby H i VHVC—Wright’s Cloud, or (3) connected to M33's northern warp. Furthermore, the VHVC could be a bridge connecting Wright’s Cloud and M33's northern warp, which would make it a Magellanic-like structure in the halo of M33.
« Grupo operativo » : le travail des liens
Authors: Jaïtin Rosa 
Published: May 2017

Cet article interroge la conception du groupe « operativo » en tant que groupe de travail qui porte sur le travail des liens. Ceux-ci se structurent à travers différents types d’alliances. En particulier les alliances inconscientes qui ont comme fonction la reconnaissance de l’appartenance au lien à travers le faire avec les autres. Une seconde fonction, elle, correspond au processus de transmission et de communication en tant qu’action instrumentale. Le travail des liens opère au moyen d’une tâche manifeste et latente, qui mobilise des fantasmes inconscients. Pichon Rivière différencie trois moments dans sa réalisation (pré-tâche, tâche, et projet), liés à l’intégration du penser, du faire et du sentir du groupe, ainsi qu’au degré de subjectivation de ses membres. Des demandes différentes de thérapies des liens (de groupe thérapeutique de formation, de couple, familial), ainsi que des demandes dans le champ institutionnel et communautaire, requièrent l’analyse et la mise en place de dispositifs particuliers. Pour compléter l’analyse du travail des liens, nous examinons le grand groupe et le groupe « operativo » de formation. Le grand groupe ne fait pas seulement référence au nombre de participants, mais à la manière dont le sujet est nommé et reconnu comme tel. D’autre part, le groupe « operativo » de formation porte sur l’articulation entre la thématique qui est travaillée et la dynamique de groupe qui émerge. Une situation clinique illustre une journée de formation.
Une expérience d’accompagnement d’équipe
Authors: Lagueux Roger 
Published: May 2017

Devant l’impossible analyse de la pratique professionnelle, une proposition d’accompagnement d’équipe réunit tous les personnels d’une institution pour handicapés mentaux. Cette expérience, de près de quatre ans, consiste à analyser des situations institutionnelles de pratiques professionnelles. Les trente-deux situations mises au travail, après analyse de contenu, fournissent des informations caractéristiques et déterminantes pour toutes les populations de l’établissement. Elles mettent en lumière une réalité clinique capitale pour tous : la vulnérabilité du résident. Le concept de vulnérabilité, par sa dynamique de liaison, constitue un véritable levier de changement pour l’institution et l’élaboration de ses différents projets.
Estructura y diversidad de la vegetación arbórea en tres relieves de la costa de Oaxaca
Authors: Ortega-Baranda Verónica , Valdez-Hernández Juan I. , García-Moya Edmundo , Rodríguez-Trejo Dante A. 
Published: May 2017

Introducción: La influencia del relieve es importante en la distribución espacial y heterogeneidad de la vegetación arbórea en las selvas.Objetivo: La estructura y diversidad arbórea se analizaron en tres relieves de la costa de Oaxaca: planicie, premontaña y montaña baja.Materiales y métodos: En cada relieve, con tres unidades de muestreo de 1,000 m2, se registraron altura total, cobertura de copa y diámetro normal de tres clases de tamaños: fustales, latizales y brinzales. La estructura se caracterizó mediante estratificación vertical, distribución diamétrica, índice de valor de importancia (IVI) y forestal (IVF); la diversidad con el índice de Shannon-Wienner (H ́); y la semejanza florística con el coeficiente de Sorensen.Resultados y discusión: Las especies con mayores IVI e IVF fueron Bravaisia integerrima (fustales) y Pithecellobium dulce (latizales y brinzales) en planicie; Faramea occidentalis (fustales, latizales y brinzales) en premontaña; Cecropia obtusifolia (fustales), Cupania dentata (latizales) y Nectandra globosa (brinzales) en montaña baja. La diversidad H’ fue significativamente mayor (P < 0.05) en montaña baja (3.24) que en premontaña (1.76) y planicie (2.07). La semejanza florística de fustales y latizales fue menor entre planicie y premontaña, y para brinzales fue menor entre planicie y montaña baja.Conclusión: La riqueza y diversidad de especies fueron diferentes en cada clase de tamaño en al menos un relieve.
Un enfoque metodológico para áreas verdes urbanas: un caso de estudio en Madrid
Authors: Briz-de-Felipe Teresa , De Felipe-Boente Isabel 
Published: May 2017

Introducción: Los habitantes de las ciudades son conscientes de los efectos positivos que brinda el estar rodeado de naturaleza.Objetivo: Se probó un método para la identificación de áreas verdes urbanas y para conocer la actitud de los actores involucrados en el proceso de enverdecimiento tanto de suelo como de altura.Materiales y métodos: Se cuantificaron los tejados disponibles para el establecimiento de áreas verdes. Los residentes fueron entrevistados para consultar su opinión y disposición para la instalación y mantenimiento de un tejado verde. El estudio se realizó a través de la evaluación tecnosocioeconómica. El índice de disponibilidad al enverdecimiento (WTG, por sus siglas en inglés) se utilizó para analizar la presencia o ausencia de plantas en los tejados.Resultados y discusión: Se propuso un nuevo índice, denominado índice ponderado de evaluación verde (GEWI, por sus siglas en inglés), para medir la "presencia de verde" en un entorno urbano. El índice establece la relación entre el número de tejados y el WTG de los habitantes. Los distritos de Salamanca (Madrid), San Martí (Barcelona) y Nervión (Sevilla) tuvieron mayor GEWI; es decir, mayor presencia de agricultura urbana.Conclusiones: La metodología y el índice propuestos muestran las posibilidades de las zonas de estudio para incrementar sus zonas verdes. Algunos factores como disminuir los trámites o facilitar la instalación de azoteas verdes podrían ayudar a lograr tal objetivo.
Actualización de cambio de cobertura terrestre mediante análisis basado en la elevación y distancia de los asentamientos: Un estudio de caso de Turquía
Authors: Kadıoğulları Ali Ihsan , Sönmez Turan , Zeki Başkent Emin , Karahalil Uzay 
Published: May 2017

Introducción: Conocer el cambio del paisaje y la dinámica del bosque con base en los parámetros topográficos y las actividades humanas es importante para el manejo sostenible de los ecosistemas forestales.Objetivo: Actualizar el análisis de los cambios en el uso del suelo y cobertura terrestre en Gümüşhane Forest Enterprise en el noreste de Turquía.Materiales y métodos: Los cambios en las mejoras forestales en un periodo 26 años (1987-2013) se analizaron de acuerdo con las clases de uso de suelo y cobertura terrestre utilizando planes de manejo forestal. Las transiciones temporales entre el uso del suelo y los tipos de cobertura se documentaron y evaluaron con base en los parámetros topográficos y la distancia de los asentamientos, utilizando mapas de elevación y buffers de anillo.Resultados y discusión: El periodo mostró una rápida mejoría forestal con un incremento de 50,910 ha y tasa de mejora anual de 1.58 %. Mientras que la zona de elevación más arbolada (66.6 % - 40,124 ha) se localizó entre 1,501 y 2,000 m, la tasa de forestación más alta (22.4 % - 13,509 ha) se encontró a una distancia de más de 500 m de las áreas de asentamiento entre 1971 y 2013. Los bosques de Gümüşhane se fragmentaron debido a un aumento de áreas forestales productivas entre 1971 y 2013.Conclusiones: Se obtuvieron datos importantes sobre la dinámica de los ecosistemas forestales en Gümüşhane Forest Enterprise. Existe un fuerte vínculo entre los cambios en el uso de suelo y la cubierta forestal, la presión social, la distancia de los asentamientos y la clase de elevación.
Drawing the Economical Balanced Line for Railway and Sea Way Transportation between Iran and China
Authors: Besharati Loroun Babak , Ming Xu 
Published: April 2017

In international trade, from a cargo departure point to destination point, there may be two basic ways to use transportation means, by sea or railway as there are geographically several availabilities of airways ,railway lines and sea voyage lines and meantime transportation costs are dynamically changed, it is possible to draw some area by use of Geographic-Economic Line, which gives business people an easy reference for their choosing transportation means for logistic solution to some kinds of cargos. This paper first introduces general situation of China-Europe and Middle East block train development. Second the paper focused on China-Iran block train case, collected various railway and sea way transportation route and rate information to support deep analysis. Third, the paper developed some formulas to find the balanced cost by using all available data. Finally, the paper traced from cost information to get geographic places which are further turn out to be as economic balanced lines marked in map which could serve as reference lines for their easy decision.
Efficiency of turbulent mixing in the abyssal ocean circulation
Authors: Mashayek A. , Salehipour H. , Bouffard D. , Caulfield C. P. , Ferrari R. , Nikurashin M. , Peltier W. R. , Smyth W. D. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTurbulent mixing produced by breaking of internal waves plays an important role in setting the patterns of downwelling and upwelling of deep dense waters and thereby helps sustain the global deep ocean overturning circulation. A key parameter used to characterize turbulent mixing is its efficiency, defined here as the fraction of the energy available to turbulence that is invested in mixing. Efficiency is conventionally approximated by a constant value near one sixth. Here we show that efficiency varies significantly in the abyssal ocean and can be as large as approximately one third in density stratified regions near topographic features. Our results indicate that variations in efficiency exert a first‐order control over the rate of overturning of the lower branch of the meridional overturning circulation.
Hydrologic controls on junction angle of river networks
Authors: Hooshyar Milad , Singh Arvind , Wang Dingbao 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe formation and growth of river channels and their network evolution are governed by the erosional and depositional processes operating on the landscape due to the movement of water. The branching angles, i.e., the angle between two adjoining channels, in drainage networks are important features related to the network topology and contain valuable information about the forming mechanisms of the landscape. Based on the channel networks extracted from 1 m Digital Elevation Models of 120 catchments with minimal human impacts across the United States, we show that the junction angles have two distinct modes with
and
. The observed angles are physically explained as the optimal angles that result in minimum energy dissipation and are linked to the exponent characterizing the slope‐area curve. Our findings suggest that the flow regimes, debris‐flow dominated or fluvial, have distinct characteristic angles which are functions of the scaling exponent of the slope‐area curve. These findings enable us to understand the geomorphic signature of hydrologic processes on drainage networks and develop more refined landscape evolution models.
A two‐dimensional analytical model of vapor intrusion involving vertical heterogeneity
Authors: Yao Yijun , Verginelli Iason , Suuberg Eric M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this work, we present an analytical chlorinated vapor intrusion (CVI) model that can estimate source‐to‐indoor air concentration attenuation by simulating two‐dimensional (2‐D) vapor concentration profile in vertically heterogeneous soils overlying a homogenous vapor source. The analytical solution describing the 2‐D soil gas transport was obtained by applying a modified Schwarz‐Christoffel mapping method. A partial field validation showed that the developed model provides results (especially in terms of indoor emission rates) in line with the measured data from a case involving a building overlying a layered soil. In further testing, it was found that the new analytical model can very closely replicate the results of three‐dimensional (3‐D) numerical models at steady state in scenarios involving layered soils overlying homogenous groundwater sources. By contrast, by adopting a two‐layer approach (capillary fringe and vadose zone) as employed in the EPA implementation of the Johnson and Ettinger model, the spatially and temporally averaged indoor concentrations in the case of groundwater sources can be higher than the ones estimated by the numerical model up to two orders of magnitude. In short, the model proposed in this work can represent an easy‐to‐use tool that can simulate the subsurface soil gas concentration in layered soils overlying a homogenous vapor source while keeping the simplicity of an analytical approach that requires much less computational effort.
Lightning attachment process to common buildings
Authors: Saba M. M. F. , Paiva A. R. , Schumann C. , Ferro M. A. S. , Naccarato K. P. , Silva J. C. O. , Siqueira F. V. C. , Custódio D. M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe physical mechanism of lightning attachment to grounded structures is one of the most important issues in lightning physics research, and it is the basis for the design of the lightning protection systems. Most of what is known about the attachment process comes from leader propagation models that are mostly based on laboratory observations of long electrical discharges or from observations of lightning attachment to tall structures. In this paper we use high‐speed videos to analyze the attachment process of downward lightning flashes to an ordinary residential building. For the first time, we present characteristics of the attachment process to common structures that are present in almost every city (in this case, two buildings under 60 m in São Paulo City, Brazil). Parameters like striking distance and connecting leaders speed, largely used in lightning attachment models and in lightning protection standards, are revealed in this work.
Local time asymmetry of Saturn's magnetosheath flows
Authors: Burkholder B. , Delamere P. A. , Ma X. , Thomsen M. F. , Wilson R. J. , Bagenal F. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractUsing gross averages of the azimuthal component of flow in Saturn's magnetosheath, we find that flows in the prenoon sector reach a maximum value of roughly half that of the postnoon side. Corotational magnetodisc plasma creates a much larger flow shear with solar wind plasma prenoon than postnoon. Maxwell stress tensor analysis shows that momentum can be transferred out of the magnetosphere along tangential field lines if a normal component to the boundary is present, i.e., field lines which pierce the magnetopause. A Kelvin‐Helmholtz unstable flow gives rise to precisely this situation, as intermittent reconnection allows the magnetic field to thread the boundary. We interpret the Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability acting along the magnetopause as a tangetial drag, facilitating two‐way transport of momentum through the boundary. We use reduced magnetosheath flows in the dawn sector as evidence of the importance of this interaction in Saturn's magnetosphere.
Impact of the lower thermospheric winter‐to‐summer residual circulation on thermospheric composition
Authors: Qian Liying , Yue Jia 
Published: May 2017

AbstractGravity wave forcing near the mesopause drives a summer‐to‐winter residual circulation in the mesosphere and a reversed, lower thermospheric winter‐to‐summer residual circulation. We conducted modeling studies to investigate how this lower thermospheric residual circulation impacts thermospheric composition (O/N2). We found that the upwelling associated with the residual circulation significantly decreases O/N2 in winter and the downwelling in summer slightly increases O/N2. Consequently, the residual circulation reduces the summer‐to‐winter latitudinal gradient of O/N2, which causes the simulated latitudinal gradient of O/N2 to be more consistent with observations. The smaller summer‐to‐winter latitudinal gradient of O/N2 would decrease the ionosphere winter anomaly in model simulations, which would bring the simulated winter anomaly into better agreement with ionospheric observations. The lower thermospheric residual circulation may be a process that has been largely ignored but is very important to the summer‐to‐winter latitudinal gradients, as well as annual/semiannual variations in the thermosphere and ionosphere.
Lake volume and groundwater storage variations in Tibetan Plateau's endorheic basin
Authors: Zhang Guoqing , Yao Tandong , Shum C. K. , Yi Shuang , Yang Kun , Xie Hongjie , Feng Wei , Bolch Tobias , Wang Lei , Behrangi Ali , Zhang Hongbo , Wang Weicai , Xiang Yang , Yu Jinyuan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe Tibetan Plateau (TP), the highest and largest plateau in the world, with complex and competing cryospheric‐hydrologic‐geodynamic processes, is particularly sensitive to anthropogenic warming. The quantitative water mass budget in the TP is poorly known. Here we examine annual changes in lake area, level, and volume during 1970s–2015. We find that a complex pattern of lake volume changes during 1970s–2015: a slight decrease of −2.78 Gt yr−1 during 1970s–1995, followed by a rapid increase of 12.53 Gt yr−1 during 1996–2010, and then a recent deceleration (1.46 Gt yr−1) during 2011–2015. We then estimated the recent water mass budget for the Inner TP, 2003–2009, including changes in terrestrial water storage, lake volume, glacier mass, snow water equivalent (SWE), soil moisture, and permafrost. The dominant components of water mass budget, namely, changes in lake volume (7.72 ± 0.63 Gt yr−1) and groundwater storage (5.01 ± 1.59 Gt yr−1), increased at similar rates. We find that increased net precipitation contributes the majority of water supply (74%) for the lake volume increase, followed by glacier mass loss (13%), and ground ice melt due to permafrost degradation (12%). Other term such as SWE (1%) makes a relatively small contribution. These results suggest that the hydrologic cycle in the TP has intensified remarkably during recent decades.
Gibberellin Hormone Signal Perception: Down‐RegulatingDELLARepressors of Plant Growth and Development
Authors: Nelson Sven K. , Steber Camille M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe gibberellin (GA) hormone signal is perceived by a receptor with homology to hormone‐sensitive lipases, GID1 (GA‐INSENSITIVEDWARF1). This leads to GA‐stimulated responses, including stem elongation, seed germination and the transition to flowering. GA‐binding enables GID1 to interact with and block the function of the DELLA repressors of GA responses. DELLA repression can be blocked both by proteolytic and non‐proteolytic mechanisms triggered by the formation of a GID1‐GA‐DELLA complex. DELLA is down‐regulated by the SLEEPY1/GID2 F‐box proteins via the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway, and can be regulated by other post‐translational modifications. This chapter reviews the structural requirements for GA‐binding by GID1 and for GID1‐GA‐DELLA protein complex formation, and reviews the current understanding of the mechanisms regulating DELLA repressors.
Development and Pilot Testing of Multimedia Patient Education Tools for Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis, Osteoporosis, and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Lopez‐Olivo Maria A. , Ingleshwar Aparna , Volk Robert J. , Jibaja‐Weiss Maria , Barbo Andrea , Saag Kenneth , Leong Amye , Suarez‐Almazor Maria E. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveWe developed and tested multimedia patient education tools (video tools) for patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA), osteoporosis (OP), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsWe followed an “edutainment” model, incorporating educational patient story lines. The goals were designed to make the programs both didactic and entertaining, with navigation and graphic user interfaces as simple as possible. We created both English and Spanish language versions. Once the video tool was finalized, 60 patients, 20 per disease, were shown the tool and interviewed. Disease knowledge was our primary outcome, and decision conflict, disease management, and acceptability were secondary outcomes.ResultsWe observed statistically significant differences in pre‐ to postintervention knowledge questionnaire scores (before and after viewing the video tool) (OA: P = 0.03, OP: P = 0.01, and RA: P < 0.0001). Most participants felt they gained “clarity” on disease duration, symptoms, and the time medication takes to start acting; were “encouraged to see their doctor regularly”; and were more aware about taking their medications. In terms of acceptability, most patients in all disease groups found the length and amount of information presented in the video tools to be “just right,” and the presentation to be “balanced.” In terms of comprehension, all participants provided a favorable evaluation of the video tool; all found the video easy to use, the vocabulary easy to understand, and the materials to be well organized.ConclusionMultimedia tools that incorporate videos may help patients better understand and manage their disease. Patient involvement in the development process is essential to ensure relevant content and usability.