bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Middleware for integration of legacy electrical equipment into smart grid infrastructure using wireless sensor networks
Authors: Araújo Paulo Régis C. , Filho Raimir Holanda , Rodrigues Joel J. P. C. , Oliveira João P. C. M. , Braga Stephanie A. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryTo improve the efficiency of electricity distribution, smart grids allow communication between their devices. Pieces of legacy equipment operating in the distribution network do not communicate using any commercial protocol, such as DNP3, IEC 61850, or Modbus. Thus, herein, a middleware is proposed to allow the integration of the legacy electrical equipment into a smart grid using wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Each piece of legacy electrical equipment is connected to a sensor node, and the WSN sink node runs a middleware to enable the integration of this device with a smart grid, according to the commercial communication protocols. The middleware model is proposed to guide users in the development of a WSN‐based system for integrating electrical equipment into a smart grid. The middleware was validated in a real environment, which is related to the concept of power metering. Experiments were performed using the software supervisory control and data acquisition and distributed test manager to validate the communication between the electrical equipment and the computer of the power substation control centre.
Trump's Abortion‐Promoting Aid Policy
Authors: Latham Stephen R. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractOn the fourth day of his presidency, Donald Trump reinstated and greatly expanded the “Mexico City policy,” which imposes antiabortion restrictions on U.S. foreign health aid. In general, the policy has prohibited U.S. funding of any family‐planning groups that use even non‐U.S. funds to perform abortions; prohibited aid recipients from lobbying (again, even with non‐U.S. money) for liberalization of abortion laws; prohibited nongovernment organizations from creating educational materials on abortion as a family‐planning method; and prohibited health workers from referring patients for legal abortions in any cases other than rape, incest, or to save the life of the mother. The policy's prohibition on giving aid to any organization that performs abortions is aimed at limiting alleged indirect funding of abortions. The argument is that if U.S. money is used to fund nonabortion programs of an abortion‐providing NGO, then the NGO can simply shift the money thus saved into its abortion budget. Outside the context of abortion, we do not reason this way. And the policy's remaining three prohibitions are deeply troubling.
“Please amputate my child's arms”
Authors: Devereaux Mary , Kuo Dennis John 
Published: July 2017

AbstractJeremy sustained bilateral complete brachial plexus injuries in an auto collision on an icy road a month before his third birthday. The accident rendered both upper extremities completely flail and insensate: he has no motor or sensory function of his shoulders, elbows, wrists, or digits. Jeremy does, however, have normal function of the lower extremities. Physical therapists have worked with the child for over a year with no noted improvement in arm function. Jeremy falls frequently, causing injury to his face and head, and occasionally, his arms get twisted or caught in his crib and his fingers turn blue. Jeremy's mother, who carries the main responsibility for his daily care, believes that his insensate arms are too heavy and “get in his way,” causing the falls. She and Jeremy's father present to the orthopedic clinic at the children's hospital with the request of having both arms amputated. The primary orthopedic surgeon and the orthopedic team disagree with the parents that bilateral upper‐extremity amputation offers any medical benefit, but Jeremy's mother tells the surgeon that, if he will not perform the surgery, her family will find a doctor who will. The surgeon, who feels ethically distressed by the parental insistence on this amputation in such a young child, requests an ethics consultation.
How Long a Life Is Enough Life?
Authors: Callahan Daniel , Gaylin Willard 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHumans have long been troubled by the prospect of old age and its culmination in death. Whether to rebel against or accept this fate have been wrestled with down through the centuries. But new medical technologies and the growing science of aging have sided with rebellion. We know that aging can be pushed back and improved in its quality. That progress is well under way, but now intensified by many scientists and Silicon Valley entrepreneurs. In 2016, Mark Zuckerberg and Priscilla Chan pledged three billion dollars toward eventually “preventing, curing or managing all diseases.” And some visionaries have made the elimination of death or its indefinite postponement a goal. To put those aspirations in a broader context, it is helpful to keep in mind where population growth and aging trends stand. Apart from any success in the explicit efforts to increase longevity, there will be a steady increase in the number of elderly worldwide—and a much higher percentage of the elderly as part of the overall population. Most of the largest changes will be in developing countries. They will be overburdened by the death of the elderly from expensive chronic diseases—already a vexing problem for affluent countries.
Patients as Rights Holders
Authors: Brännmark Johan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAutonomy and consent have been central values in Western moral and political thought for centuries. One way of understanding the bioethical models that started to develop, especially in the 1970s, is that they were about the fusion of a long‐standing professional ethics with the core values underpinning modern political institutions. That there was a need for this kind of fusion is difficult to dispute, especially since the provision of health care has in most developed countries become an ever more important concern of our political institutions, with governments playing a significant role in regulating and facilitating the provision of health care and in many countries even largely organizing it. There is, nevertheless, still room for dispute about how best to achieve this fusion and how to best think about autonomy and consent in a biomedical context.The simplest model we can have is probably about how being a person is largely about having the capacity of autonomous choice and that the main mode through which we exercise autonomy is by providing informed consent. Yet, liberal democracy's core idea that human beings have a high and equal value is also found in other accounts of the person. The human‐rights framework provides an alternative model for thinking about personhood and about patient care. The human‐rights approach is grounded, not in an account of autonomy (although it has something to say about autonomy), but in an account of the moral and political personhood that people possess merely by being human beings. In this approach, values like dignity and integrity, both highly relevant in a bioethical context, are identified as distinct values rather than being derived from and therefore reduced to respect for autonomous choice. The human‐rights approach can supplement the problematic notion of autonomy that has been central to bioethics by placing this notion in a broader, strongly pluralistic framework.
It's “the End of Sex” As We Know It, and I Feel … a Little Nervous
Authors: King Louise P. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractReading Henry Greely's wonderful book, The End of Sex and the Future of Human Reproduction, while riding public transport sparked awkward looks and equally awkward discussions. I thought of removing the dust jacket, yet I was reminded that Greely's stated purpose in writing the book was to spark conversation. The title is, of course, intentionally provocative. Greely does not, in fact, believe that humans will stop having sex for the multitude of reasons that we do already. Quite the contrary; he proposes that sex for reproduction will become a technical endeavor, while sex for pleasure or other purposes beyond reproduction will remain as it is. In a not‐too‐distant future, advances in genomics and assisted reproduction, especially preimplantation genetic diagnosis, will allow us to control the genetic makeup of embryos. To a limited degree, PGD already makes this possible, but what Greely proposes is slightly different. His vision of the future depends on the potential for further advances of today's already fairly complex biotechnology. Greely does an excellent job of making this cutting‐edge science easy to understand.
Substrate specificity in the context of molecular chaperones
Authors: Bose Dipayan , Chakrabarti Abhijit 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMolecular chaperones are one of the key players in protein biology and as such their structure and mechanism of action have been extensively studied. However the substrate specificity of molecular chaperones has not been well investigated. This review aims to summarize what is known about the substrate specificity and substrate recognition motifs of chaperones so as to better understand what substrate specificity means in the context of molecular chaperones. Available literature shows that the majority of chaperones have broad substrate range and recognize non‐native conformations of proteins depending on recognition of hydrophobic and/or charged patches. Based on these recognition motifs chaperones can select for early, mid or late folding intermediates. Another major contributor to chaperone specificity are the co‐chaperones they interact with as well as the sub‐cellular location they are expressed in and the inducability of their expression. Some chaperones which have only one or a few known substrates are reported. In their case the mode of recognition seems to be specific structural complementarity between chaperone and substrate. It can be concluded that the vast majority of chaperones do not show a high degree of specificity but recognize elements that signal non‐native protein conformation and their substrate range is modulated by the context they function in. However a few chaperones are known that display exquisite specificity of their substrate e.g. mammalian heat shock protein 47 collagen interaction. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(9):647–659, 2017
1‐palmitoyl‐2‐linoleoyl‐3‐acetyl‐rac‐glycerol (PLAG) reduces hepatic injury in concanavalin A‐treated mice
Authors: Ko Young E. , Yoon Sun Y. , Ly Sun Y. , Kim Joo H. , Sohn Ki Y. , Kim Jae W. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract1‐palmitoyl‐2‐linoleoyl‐3‐acetyl‐rac‐glycerol (PLAG), a chemically synthesized monoacetyldiaglyceride, is one of the constituents in Sika deer antlers and has been known traditionally as having immunomodulatory effects. However, the mechanism by which PLAG controls neutrophil migration, which evokes liver injury in the hepatitis animal model, remains largely unknown. This study was designed to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of PLAG on cytokine secretion and neutrophil migration in vivo and in vitro. Concanavalin A (Con A) induced leukocyte infiltration in the liver and increased plasma cytokine levels. Pretreatment with PLAG reduced the levels of interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐6, IL‐10, and CXCL2, but maintained interferon (IFN)‐γ levels and modulated neutrophil recruitment toward the liver. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein levels of IL‐4 and CXCL2 in liver tissue were also decreased in the Con A‐treated mice. Liver histology analyses showed that PLAG reduced Con A‐induced hepatic necrosis, which was accompanied by leukocyte infiltration. The in vitro studies revealed that PLAG reduced IL‐4 secretion in Con A stimulated T cell and blocked signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) Con A induced hepatocyte. PLAG attenuated IL‐4 induced activation of atypical protein kinase C (PKC)/STAT6 in hepatocytes and inhibited neutrophil migration toward the liver tissue through suppression of IL‐8/vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) expression. These results suggest that PLAG could mitigate excess neutrophil migration into liver tissue and potentially have a therapeutic effect on immune‐mediated liver injury.
Update to the Global Climate Data package: analysis of empirical bias correction methods in the context of producing very high resolution climate projections
Authors: Mosier Thomas M. , Hill David F. , Sharp Kendra V. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTWhile global climate models (GCMs) are useful for simulating climatic responses to perturbations in the Earth's climate system, there are many instances where higher spatial resolution information is necessary. In all instances, interpretation of interpolated or downscaled GCMs must be done cautiously because each method has its own set of assumptions and potential disadvantages. Here, we present an update to the Global Climate Data (GCD) package, which enables the package to efficiently bias correct and interpolate precipitation and air temperature output from GCM simulations to very high spatial resolutions using the delta change method. While the delta change method is relatively simple, it has previously been shown to enhance the physical representation of interpolated climate time‐series compared to directly interpolating the gridded climate time‐series to a higher spatial resolution. The bias correction methods programmed into the GCD package are univariate empirical quantile mapping (QM) and bivariate empirical joint bias correction (JBC). The skill of QM and JBC for improving GCM simulations processed with the delta change method is evaluated through comparing the cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) of the interpolated GCM simulations to the CDFs of Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) station observations for three test regions: Oregon (in the USA), the Alps (spanning several countries in Europe), and the Ganges Delta (in India and Bangladesh). We also assess the representation of precipitation and mean temperature joint probability distributions relative to those present in GHCN station observations. Overall, GCM simulations that are bias corrected with QM prior to being input to the delta change method perform best under our analysis.
Advantages of RNA‐seq compared to RNA microarrays for transcriptome profiling of anterior cruciate ligament tears
Authors: Rai Muhammad Farooq , Tycksen Eric D. , Sandell Linda J. , Brophy Robert H. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTMicroarrays and RNA‐seq are at the forefront of high throughput transcriptome analyses. Since these methodologies are based on different principles, there are concerns about the concordance of data between the two techniques. The concordance of RNA‐seq and microarrays for genome‐wide analysis of differential gene expression has not been rigorously assessed in clinically derived ligament tissues. To demonstrate the concordance between RNA‐seq and microarrays and to assess potential benefits of RNA‐seq over microarrays, we assessed differences in transcript expression in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tissues based on time‐from‐injury. ACL remnants were collected from patients with an ACL tear at the time of ACL reconstruction. RNA prepared from torn ACL remnants was subjected to Agilent microarrays (N = 24) and RNA‐seq (N = 8). The correlation of biological replicates in RNA‐seq and microarrays data was similar (0.98 vs. 0.97), demonstrating that each platform has high internal reproducibility. Correlations between the RNA‐seq data and the individual microarrays were low, but correlations between the RNA‐seq values and the geometric mean of the microarrays values were moderate. The cross‐platform concordance for differentially expressed transcripts or enriched pathways was linearly correlated (r = 0.64). RNA‐Seq was superior in detecting low abundance transcripts and differentiating biologically critical isoforms. Additional independent validation of transcript expression was undertaken using microfluidic PCR for selected genes. PCR data showed 100% concordance (in expression pattern) with RNA‐seq and microarrays data. These findings demonstrate that RNA‐seq has advantages over microarrays for transcriptome profiling of ligament tissues when available and affordable. Furthermore, these findings are likely transferable to other musculoskeletal tissues where tissue collection is challenging and cells are in low abundance. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:484–497, 2018.
Development of a cruise motivation scale for emerging markets in Asia
Authors: Hsu Cathy H.C. , Li Minglong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCruise travel has attracted the attention of researchers because of its rapid development. However, the literature lacks a reliable and valid measurement tool for constructing cruise motivation. The only available scale developed in the North American context, where the cruise industry is considerably mature, may be inapplicable to emerging markets due to cultural and experiential differences. To address this research gap, a measurement scale for cruise motivation in emerging markets, with Mainland China and Hong Kong as samples, was developed by following rigorous procedures that used both qualitative and quantitative methods. This study offers both academic and operational implications.
Phosphorus and nitrogen starvation reveal life‐cycle specific responses in the metabolome of Emiliania huxleyi (Haptophyta)
Authors: Wördenweber Robin , Rokitta Sebastian D. , Heidenreich Elena , Corona Katrin , Kirschhöfer Frank , Fahl Kirsten , Klocke Jessica L. , Kottke Tilman , Brenner‐Weiß Gerald , Rost Björn , Mussgnug Jan H. , Kruse Olaf 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi is a microalga with biogeochemical and biotechnological relevance, due to its high abundance in the ocean and its ability to form intricate calcium carbonate structures. Depletion of macronutrients in oceanic waters is very common and will likely enhance with advancing climate change. We present the first comprehensive metabolome study analyzing the effect of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) starvation on the diploid and haploid life‐cycle stage, applying various metabolome analysis methods to gain new insights in intracellular mechanisms to cope with nutrient starvation. P‐starvation led to an accumulation of many generic and especially N‐rich metabolites, including lipids, osmolytes, and pigments. This suggests that P‐starvation primarily arrests cell‐cycling due to lacking P for nucleic acid synthesis, but that enzymatic functionality is widely preserved. Also, the de‐epoxidation ratio of the xanthophyll cycle was upregulated in the diploid stage under P‐starvation, indicating increased nonphotochemical quenching, a response typically observed under high light stress. In contrast, N‐starvation resulted in a decrease of most central metabolites, also P‐containing ones, especially in the diploid stage, indicating that most enzymatic functionality ceased. The two investigated nutrient starvation conditions caused significantly different responses, contrary to previous assumptions derived from transcriptomic studies. Data highlight that instantaneous biochemical flux is a more dominant driver of the metabolome than the transcriptomically rearranged pathway patterns. Due to the fundamental nature of the observed responses it may be speculated that microalgae with similar nutrient requirements can cope better with P‐starvation than with N‐starvation.
Mixed mode analysis and measurement in overmoded circular waveguide system
Authors: Zhao Xuelong , Yuan Chengwei , Liu Lie , Peng Shengren , Zhang Qiang , Zhou Hongyu 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn high‐power microwave (HPM) area, increasing the cross‐sectional dimension makes the device work in overmoded state, is an efficient way to improve the device's power handling capacity. However, the high order mixed modes may decrease the efficiency of the microwave output. Therefore, it is necessary to study the mixed modes in overmoded waveguides. Mixed modes analysis in circular waveguide system will be discussed in this paper, and the measurement results are agreed well with the theoretical and simulation results.
Dual band gysel power divider with high power dividing ratio
Authors: Gai Chao , Jiao Yong‐Chang , Weng Zi‐Bin , Zhao Gang , Zhao Yu‐Long 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA dual band Gysel power divider (PD) with high power dividing ratio based on the defected ground structure (DGS) is presented. Three open ended stubs are added to the conventional Gysel PD to achieve dual band property. Closed‐form design formulas are derived by using the circuit theory and the transmission matrix theory. For verification, a prototype operating at 0.9 and 1.8 GHz with the power dividing ratio of 10 is fabricated and tested. The measured results show a reasonable agreement with the simulated ones.
A miniaturized‐element bandpass frequency selective surface using meander line geometry
Authors: Varuna A. B. , Ghosh Saptarshi , Srivastava Kumar Vaibhav 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this paper, a low‐profile miniaturized‐element frequency selective surface (FSS) is presented numerically as well as experimentally. The proposed design consists of a meandered pattern printed on both sides of an ultra‐thin (0.0005λ0) FR‐4 substrate, which exhibits a bandpass characteristic at 750 MHz having unit cell dimensions of 0.017λ0 × 0.017λ0. The structure, being asymmetric in nature, selectively realizes bandpass operation for a specific polarization, whereas transmits incident wave for other polarizations. The novelties of the design lie in its miniaturization performance as well as ultra‐thin profile as compared with the earlier reported structures. The proposed structure has further been analyzed through deriving equivalent circuit models and parametric variations. Finally, a prototype of the FSS is fabricated and the measured response is in good agreement with the simulated result under normal incidence.
Dual band bandpass filter using meander split loop resonator
Authors: Li Xiaokun , Zhang Yonghong , Xie Jinxiong , Zhang Xingyu , Tian Yin , Fan Yong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBased on meander split loop resonator (MSLR), dual band filter with wide bandwidth, low insertion loss and compactness is investigated and fabricated. Embedded spiral coupled line (ESCL) is added not only to enhance coupling between two split stubs, but to adjust transmission zeros (TZs) and form dual band response. Through transformation among ABCD‐matrix, Y‐matrix, and S‐matrix, TZs of proposed filter can be analyzed. Utilizing direct connection of feed line and MSLR, low insertion loss is achieved.
UWB harmonic‐suppressed miniaturized ring bandpass filter using artificial transmission lines
Authors: Sim Kyung‐Sub , Hwang Hee‐Yong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis letter presents a whole UWB band suppressed ring resonator bandpass filter with small LUCs (Lowpass filter unit cells) [Lee W‐K, Hwang H‐Y. J Electromagn Eng Sci. 2014;14:387–392.] based on artificial transmission lines [Martin F. Artificial Transmission Lines for RF and Microwave Applications. 1st ed. New York: Wiley; 2015]. Two LUCs are used as building blocks for miniaturization and harmonic suppression of the ring resonator of the filter. Design equations for proper characteristic impedances of the ring and for proper stopband transmission zeros of the LUCs are newly presented. Fabricated filter shows insertion loss of 2.3 dB at center frequency of 2.55 GHz, fractional bandwidth of 2.5%, and good harmonic suppression about 20 dB in whole ultra‐wide band, which agreed well with the simulation results. The ring area of the proposed bandpass filter has 36% of that of the conventional one.