bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms preventing trench defect formation in InGaN/GaN quantum well structures using hydrogen during GaN barrier growth
Authors: Massabuau Fabien , Kappers Menno , Humphreys Colin , Oliver Rachel 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHere, we study the mechanisms underlying a method used to limit the formation of trench defects in InGaN/GaN quantum well structures by using H2 in the carrier gas for the growth of GaN barriers. The method leads to a complete removal of the trench defects by preventing the formation of basal‐plane stacking faults from which trench defects originate, as well as preventing the formation of stacking mismatch boundaries. The penalty paid for the absence of trench defects is the formation of InGaN wells with gross well‐width fluctuations where the H2 gas has etched away the indium locally. Where a fully formed trench defect (stacking mismatch boundary opened as V‐shaped ditch) already exists in the structure, the GaN barrier growth method using H2 results in a strongly disturbed structure of the quantum well stack in the enclosed region, with the quantum wells and barriers being in places significantly thinner than their counterparts in the surrounding material.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation on Diffusion of Five Kinds of Chemical Additives in Polypropylene
Authors: Wang Zhi‐Wei , Li Bo , Lin Qin‐Bao , Hu Chang‐Ying 
Published: May 2017

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was used to investigate the diffusion behaviour of five additives [2,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐methylphenol (BHT), 2‐(2‐Hydroxy‐5‐methylphenyl)benzotriazole (UV‐P), 2,4‐Di‐tert‐butyl‐6‐(5‐chloro‐2H‐benzotriazol‐2‐yl) phenol(UV‐327), 2‐(2H‐benzotriazol‐2‐yl)‐4‐(1,1,3,3‐tetramethylbutyl) phenol (UV‐329) and 2‐hydroxy‐4‐(octyloxy)benzophenone (UV‐531)] in polypropylene (PP) at the temperature of 293, 313 and 343 K. The diffusion coefficients were determined through Einstein relation connecting the data of mean square displacement at different times. The simulated diffusion coefficients were compared with that predicted by Piringer model and by experiments to evaluate the accuracy of MD simulation technique for estimating the diffusion coefficients of chemical additives in PP. Results showed that the simulated values were generally within one order of magnitude of the corresponding experimental values. The activation energies of additives were calculated by plotting the logarithm of diffusion coefficients versus the reciprocal of temperature according to Arrhenius equation. The activation energies calculated from MD simulation were also more closely to experimental values. Subsequently, the diffusion mechanism of additives inside PP was tentatively explored by analysing the interaction energy between diffusion molecules and polymer, free volume, molecular weight, size and shape, and the mobility of polymer chain. The movements of the additives in PP cell models at different simulation time suggested that for a long time, the additive molecules vibrate rather than hopping until they find the equal or larger transport channel to diffuse. It is demonstrated that the MD simulation may be a useful approach for predicting the microstructure and the diffusion coefficient of chemical additive with large molecular size and complex structure in polypropylene. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time division inter‐satellite link topology generation problem: Modeling and solution
Authors: Chu Xiaogeng , Chen Yuning 
Published: May 2017

SummaryIn this paper, we study the time‐division inter‐satellite link topology generation (TDILTG) problem for the well‐known Chinese BeiDou Global Navigation Satellite System. The TDILTG problem consists in generating a time‐division topology of the inter‐satellite link network for the navigation satellite system to spread systematic data to all satellites via a few source satellites with the purpose of minimizing the time required to spread the data. We propose a mathematical model to formulate the TDILTG problem and study its 2 lower bounds through a thorough analysis of the problem characteristics. We also present a deterministic constructive (DC) algorithm to solve this problem approximately but very quickly, with a time complexity of O(n3), where n is the number of satellites. Extensive experimental studies on a wide range of randomly generated instances show that the proposed DC algorithm is able to obtain the optimal solutions for most tested instances in less than 1 second. Meanwhile, we also validate that the DC algorithm performs well when the problem scale is large. Furthermore, we provide insights of the effects of different instance parameters on the final results.
High Electrocatalytic Activity of Pt/C Catalyst Promoted by TT‐Nb2O5 Nanoparticles under Acidic Conditions
Authors: Umeshbabu Ediga , Ranga Rao Gangavarapu 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMethanol electrooxidation activity of pseudohexagonal niobium pentoxide (TT‐Nb2O5) nanoparticles promoted Pt/C catalyst under acidic conditions is reported. The TT‐Nb2O5 nanoparticles (nano‐TT‐Nb2O5) with crystallite size ∼22 nm were prepared by sol‐gel approach and incorporated into Vulcan carbon by a solid state intermittent microwave heating method. Subsequently, Pt nanoparticles were deposited over the TT‐Nb2O5/C composite by conventional polyol reflux method. It is found that the TT‐Nb2O5 promotes Pt particle dispersion and the average size of Pt nanoparticles thus obtained is about 3.2 nm. The electrochemical methanol oxidation studies were performed on Pt/nano‐TT‐Nb2O5/C catalyst and compared with bulk‐orthorhombic niobium pentoxide (bulk‐T‐Nb2O5) promoted Pt/C as well as bare Pt/C catalysts. The electrooxidation results show that the nano‐TT‐Nb2O5 promoted Pt/C catalyst exhibits lower onset potential and higher current density compared to Pt/bulk‐T‐Nb2O5/C and Pt/C catalysts. Also, it has shown appreciable catalytic stability and improved antipoisoning ability during the methanol oxidation. The origin of higher electrocatalytic activity of Pt/nano‐TT‐Nb2O5/C catalyst is attributed to the large number of triple‐phase interface active centers on nano‐TT‐Nb2O5, which provide abundant hydroxide (OH–) species for effective oxidation of intermediates such as adsorbed carbon monoxide (COads) at lower potentials.
DFT Studies on the Terminal Dependent Reversible Switching of Selenoxo Peptides Induced by Cationization
Authors: Joy Sherin , Sureshbabu Vommina V. , Periyasamy Ganga 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMolecular switches based on various isomers of selenoxo peptides and peptide−selenoxo peptide hybrids have been studied using DFT methods. The conformers are found to switch structures differently with respect to the position of selenoxo bond either at amino or carboxylate end of peptides in response to cationization. The switch is reversible and controllable, which has been monitored using computed vibrational data and NMR chemical shift values. More preferably, switching can be probed using C−N stretching frequencies of both states. Further, the conformational change during oxidation might explain the role of selenoxo peptides in biological systems.
Interlayer Void Space as the Key Semipermeable Site for Sieving Molecules and Leaking Ions in Graphene Oxide Filter
Authors: Karim Mohammad Razaul , Islam Md. Saidul , Rabin Nurun Nahar , Takehira Hiroshi , Wakata Kosuke , Nakamura Masaaki , Ohtani Ryo , Toda Kei , Hayami Shinya 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWithin the nanopores, junctions and interlayer void space (IVS) in graphene oxide film (GOf), we report that IVS function as the key semipermeable site during sieving. The GOf could filter only dye molecules having nanometer‐ranged dimensions. Tinier hydrated ions with angstrom‐ranged dimensions couldn't be sieved by GOf. Nature and extent of this molecular sieving property have been justified by observing sieving efficacy and flow times for aqueous solutions of dyes, inorganic salts and their mixtures. GOf also could separate the dyes from mixtures with salts. The flow time followed the trend as: mixtures > salt solutions > dye solutions. PXRD data reveal entering of dye molecules at IVS during sieving. Obviously, a part of dye molecules leaking through the nanopores and junctions of GOf, finally become trapped at the IVS. IVS, therefore has been recognized as the key semipermeable site for molecular sieving in GO. With exploring the insight features of molecular sieving in GOf, this report clearly indicates that IVS needs to be tuned to adopt GOf for various analytical aspects including water purification, desalination and organic inorganic separation.
Mechanical connections of the precast concrete columns with detachable metal plates
Authors: Nzabonimpa J. D. , Hong Won‐Kee , Kim Jisoon 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe aim of this study is to develop laminated metal plates for a moment connection of the precast concrete columns. Metal plates were proposed as a time‐ and cost‐saving alternative to conventional monolithic cast‐in‐place joints for connecting precast concrete frames. This study investigated the possibility of using mechanical joints for the connections of both steel‐concrete composite precast frames and reinforced concrete precast frames. A full erection test of precast columns connected with laminated metal plates was performed to demonstrate the efficiency and simplicity of the proposed method. It was shown that the use of the novel mechanical joints with steel plates significantly reduces construction time compared with the conventional monolithic assembly. The total precast column assembly time was approximately 10–20 min, eliminating pour forms and curing times required for the conventional concrete frames. This study also presents an analytical modeling of the proposed connection for multibay precast frames to explore the strains and stress exerted on the joints.
Fatty Acid and Phytochemical Compositions of Plantago Seed Oils and Their Functionalities
Authors: Wang Yanling , Niu Yuge , Zhao Xin , Wang Bangquan , Jiang Qianqian , Liu Jie , Sheng Yi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTo develop the potential applications of Plantago plants, seed oils were extracted from 14 cultivars of Plantago around China. Their fatty acid profiles, tocopherols, carotenoid compositions, anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties were also investigated. The Plantago seed oils (PSO) were abundant in linolenic acid from 11.12 to 29.36 g/100 g oil and had low fatty acid ratio of n‐6/n‐3 ratio matched with the dietary recommendations. The tocopherol contents of PSO ranged from 693.25 to 3708.80 μg/g and the lutein contents ranged from 2.29 to 26.68 μg/g. The PSO showed significant inhibitory effects on TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and COX‐2 mRNA expression in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells induced by LPS. In addition, the properties on scavenging DPPH, oxygen and hydroxyl radicals indicated that PSO had potential antioxidant properties. The results could develop PSO as novel functional foods to improve human health.
Antitrust Enforcement and State Restraints at the Mainland China-Hong Kong Interface: The Importance of Bilateral Antitrust Co-operation
Authors: KWOK Kelvin Hiu Fai 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis article argues that effective co-operation between the antitrust authorities of Mainland China and Hong Kong in antitrust enforcement and the removal of anti-competitive state restraints is essential to the promotion of market competition in, as well as free trade and economic integration between, the two regions. This entails the careful design and conclusion of a bilateral co-operation agreement embracing not only comity co-peration in antitrust enforcement, but also the adoption of a diplomatic solution of mutual self-restraint for the removal of anti-competitive state restraints at the Mainland China-Hong Kong interface. This would also require the co-operation of Mainland Chinese and Hong Kong government authorities. Only with such bilateral cooperation can anti-competitive business practices and state restraints obstructing free trade and economic integration between the two regions be eliminated.
Energy requirements for growth in the Yorkshire terrier
Authors: Alexander Janet E. , Colyer Alison , Morris Penelope J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe 2006 National Research Council (NRC) equation calculating puppy energy requirements does not account for reported breed differences in growth pattern. Energy requirements of toy breed puppies are unknown and it is unclear whether feeding guidelines should differ between breeds. Energy requirements of Yorkshire terrier (YT) puppies were observed over their first year of life and compared with those predicted by the NRC and those previously observed in large (Labrador retriever) and medium (miniature Schnauzer; MS) breed puppies. Twenty-two puppies (from eight litters) were offered complete and balanced diets to maintain ideal body condition score (BCS). Energy intake, body weight and BCS were recorded from 10 to 52 weeks of age. Every 12 weeks, health was monitored by veterinary examination, routine haematology and plasma biochemistry. Puppies remained clinically healthy with normal skeletal development throughout. After analysis by linear mixed models it was observed that the NRC equation overestimates YT energy requirements between 10 and 20 weeks of age by up to 324·3 (95 % CI 390·4, 258·2) kJ/kg0·75. Energy intake was lower (P < 0·05) in YT than Labradors until 29 weeks by up to 376·6 (95 % CI 477·4, 275·3) kJ/kg0·75 and lower than MS between 16 and 25 weeks by up to 216·3 (95 % CI 313·0, 119·7) kJ/kg0·75 (P < 0·05). Data indicate differences in toy, medium and large breed energy requirements for growth. The NRC equation for puppy energy requirements overestimated the requirements of this YT population, suggesting the need for breed-specific feeding guides for growth to avoid overfeeding.
Tense and control interpretations in gerund-participle and to-infinitive complement constructions with verbs of risk
Authors: Duffley Patrick , Arseneau Maryse 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis study investigates temporal and control interpretations with verbs of risk followed by non-finite complements in English. It addresses two questions: Why does the gerund-participle show variation in the temporal relation between the event it denotes and that of the main verb whereas the to-infinitive manifests a constant temporal relation? Why does the gerund-participle construction allow variation in control while the to-infinitive shows constant subject control readings? The study is based on a corpus of 1345 attested uses. The explanation is framed in a natural-language semantics involving the meanings of the gerund-participle, the infinitive, the preposition to, and the meaning-relation between the matrix and its complement. Temporal and control interpretations are shown to arise as implications grounded in the semantic content of what is linguistically expressed. It is argued that the capacity of a natural-language semantic approach to account for the data obviates the need to have recourse to purely syntactic operations to account for control.
Affectees in subject position and applicative theory
Authors: Kim Kyumin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe aim of this article is twofold. First, based on passives in Japanese and Korean, it expands the domain of the applicative head (Appl) to include an argument in the structural subject position. These languages provide evidence for a new type of Appl, peripheral Appl, distinct from the well-known high Appl in Bantu: unlike high Appl, peripheral Appl is the highest argument-introducing head under T, and can merge above VoiceP. The recognition of peripheral Appl makes it possible to account for the cross-linguistic positional variation among affectee arguments. Second, the article provides articulated clause structures for passives in Japanese and Korean in terms of Appl. The applicative account proves to be successful in providing a unified account of Japanese possessive and non-possessive passives, and of Korean possessive passives and causatives.
Examining Rural Older Adults’ Perceptions of Cognitive Health
Authors: Bacsu Juanita , Abonyi Sylvia , Viger Marc , Morgan Debra , Johnson Shanthi , Jeffery Bonnie 
Published: May 2017

RÉSUMÉ:La littérature existante sur la santé cognitive se concentre sur les perspectives des personnes âgées atteintes de démence. Cependant, on sait peu de la façon dont les personnes âgées en bonne santé, sans démence, comprendre leur santé cognitive. Dans les communautés rurales, le diagnostic précoce de la démence peut être entravé par de nombreux facteurs, y compris le défi du transport, les obstacles culturels et l’accès inadéquat aux soins de santé et aux services de soutien.Sur la base des observations des participants et de deux séquences de 42 entrevues semi-structurées, cette étude a examiné les perceptions de la santé cognitive des personnes agées en milieu rural. En fournissant une base théorique innovante, éclairée par la culture et les perspectives locales, les résultats révèlent une vision complexe et multidimensionnelle de la santé cognitive. Il est essentiel que les décideurs, les chefs communautaires et les chercheurs, dans la mesure où ils travaillent pour répondre aux besoins de santé cognitive d’une population vieillissante en milieu rural, écoutent les opinions des personnes âgées rurales.
First report of the qnrA determinant in Shigella sonnei isolated from China
Authors: QIAN H. M. , QIN T. T. , LIU G. Y. , LI J. , MA P. , KONG X. X. , GU B. , BAO C. J. 
Published: May 2017

SUMMARYWe investigated the first presence of qnrA among Shigella sonnei clinical isolates in Jiangsu Province, China. The qnrA-positive isolates coexisted with the mutation in gyrA at codon 83, these isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid and 22·2% (2 of 9) of them were resistant to norfloxacin.
Dynamic adjustment and the specification of empirical economic models of deforestation
Authors: Aisbett Emma , Doupé Patrick , Tacconi Luca 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTropical deforestation has been one of the most significant global environmental changes of recent decades and has spurred a substantial academic literature. Despite this, the empirical literature provides inconsistent evidence on the role of basic economic determinants of deforestation such as income and population. The authors suggest that one explanation for this inconsistency is a tendency to use incomplete or incorrect dynamic regression specifications. They derive three plausible dynamic empirical model specifications and compare their performance both with each other and with an ad hoc model typical of those used in the literature. Statistical tests support the use of more completely specified models which allow for dynamic adjustment of forest cover.
The potential impact of compositional changes in farmed fish on its health-giving properties: is it time to reconsider current dietary recommendations?
Authors: de Roos Baukje , Sneddon Alan A , Sprague Matthew , Horgan Graham W , Brouwer Ingeborg A 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAssessment of national dietary guidelines in a number of European countries reveals that some are based on cohort studies, focusing on total seafood consumption, while others are based on the content of EPA and DHA, distinguishing between oily and other fish. The mean actual intake of fish in most countries is around or below the recommended intake, with differences in intake of fish being present between sex and age groups. Many people do not reach the national recommendation for total fish intake. Dietary recommendations for fish and EPA/DHA are based mainly on data collected more than 10 years ago. However, methods of farmed fish production have changed considerably since then. The actual content of EPA and DHA in farmed salmon has nearly halved as the traditional finite marine ingredients fish meal and fish oil in salmon diets have been replaced with sustainable alternatives of terrestrial origin. As farmed salmon is an important source of EPA and DHA in many Western countries, our intake of these fatty acids is likely to have decreased. In addition, levels of vitamin D and Se are also found to have declined in farmed fish in the past decade. Significant changes in the EPA and DHA, vitamin D and Se content of farmed fish means that average intakes of these nutrients in Western populations are probably lower than before. This may have consequences for the health-giving properties of fish as well as future dietary recommendations for fish intake.
Gaps in international nutrition and child feeding guidelines: a look at the nutrition and young child feeding education of Ghanaian nurses
Authors: Davis Jennie N , Brown Helen , Ramsay Samantha A 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the nutrition and young child feeding (YCF) education and training of nurses in public health clinics of Ghana’s Komenda-Edina-Eguafo-Abrem region (KEEA) in relation to global health guidelines, and how nurses served as educators for caregivers with children aged 0–5 years.DesignA qualitative study of semi-structured one-on-one and group interviews (n21) following a questionnaire of closed- and open-ended questions addressing child feeding, nutrition and global health recommendations. Interviews were conducted in English, audio-recorded, transcribed and coded. Descriptive data were tabulated. Content analysis identified themes from open-ended questions.SettingKEEA public health clinics (n12).SubjectsNurses (n41) purposefully recruited from KEEA clinics.ResultsA model capturing nurses’ nutrition and YCF education emerged with five major themes: (i) adequacy of nurses’ basic knowledge in breast-feeding, complementary feeding, iron-deficiency anaemia, YCF and hygiene; (ii) nurses’ delivery of nutrition and YCF information; (iii) nurses’ evaluation of children’s health status to measure education effectiveness; (iv) nurses’ perceived barriers of caregivers’ ability to implement nutrition and YCF education; and (v) a gap in global health recommendations on YCF practices for children aged 2–5 years.ConclusionsNurses demonstrated adequate nutrition and YCF knowledge, but reported a lack of in-depth nutrition knowledge and YCF education for children 2–5 years of age, specifically education and knowledge of YCF beyond complementary feeding. To optimize child health outcomes, a greater depth of nutrition and YCF education is needed in international health guidelines.
The search for habitable planets with biosignature gases framed by a ‘Biosignature Drake Equation’
Authors: Seager Sara 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe discovery of thousands of exoplanets in the last two decades has uncovered a wide diversity of planets that are very different from those in our own Solar System. Ideas for how to detect signs of life in the variety of planetary possibilities, by way of biosignature gases, are expanding, although they largely remain grounded in study of familiar gases produced by life on Earth and how they appear in Earth's spectrum as viewed as an exoplanet. What are the chances we will be able to observe and identify biosignature gases on exoplanets in the coming two decades? I review the status of the search for habitable planets and biosignature gases framed by a ‘Biosignature Drake Equation’.