bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin Reduces Relapse Risk in FLT3/ITD Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Tarlock Katherine , Alonzo Todd A. , Gerbing Robert B. , Raimondi Susana C. , Hirsch Betsy A. , Sung Lillian , Pollard Jessica A. , Aplenc Richard , Loken Michael R. , Gamis Alan S. , Meshinchi Soheil 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Purpose: Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO), a calicheamicin-conjugated mAb against CD33, has been used in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We evaluated the impact of the addition of GO to standard chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) in patients with FLT3/ITD.
Experimental Design: We analyzed children with FLT3/ITD–positive AML (n = 183) treated on two consecutive Children's Oncology Group AML trials (NCT00070174 and NCT00372593). Outcomes were assessed for FLT3/ITD patients receiving standard chemotherapy with or without GO (GO vs. No-GO, respectively), and the impact of consolidation HCT for high-risk FLT3/ITD patients [high FLT3/ITD allelic ratio (ITD-AR)].
Results: For all FLT3/ITD patients, complete remission (CR) rates for the GO versus No-GO cohorts were identical (64% vs. 64%; P = 0.98). Relapse rate (RR) after initial CR was 37% for GO recipients versus 59% for No-GO recipients (P = 0.02), disease-free survival (DFS) was similar (47% vs. 41%; P = 0.45), with higher treatment-related mortality (TRM) in GO recipients (16% vs. 0%; P = 0.008). Among high-risk FLT3/ITD patients with high ITD-AR, those who received HCT in first CR with prior exposure to GO had a significant reduction in RR (15% vs. 53%; P = 0.007), with a corresponding DFS of 65% versus 40% (P = 0.08), and higher TRM (19% vs. 7%; P = 0.08).
Conclusions: CD33 targeting with HCT consolidation may be an important therapeutic strategy in high-risk FLT3/ITD AML and its efficacy and associated toxicity warrant further investigation. Clin Cancer Res; 22(8); 1951–7. ©2015 AACR.
Bone Marker–Directed Dosing of Zoledronic Acid for the Prevention of Skeletal Complications in Patients with Multiple Myeloma: Results of the Z-MARK Study
Authors: Raje Noopur , Vescio Robert , Montgomery Charles W. , Badros Ashraf , Munshi Nikhil , Orlowski Richard , Hadala Joseph T. , Warsi Ghulam , Argonza-Aviles Eliza , Ericson Solveig G. , Anderson Kenneth C. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Purpose: Zoledronic acid (ZOL) given every 3 to 4 weeks can reduce skeletal-related events (SRE) in patients with bone lesions from multiple myeloma. This study evaluated efficacy and safety of less-frequent ZOL dosing based on bone turnover markers in patients with 1 to 2 years of prior bisphosphonate therapy.
Experimental Design: Patients received ZOL (4 mg) every 4 or 12 weeks based on urinary N-telopeptide of type 1 collagen (uNTX) levels (every 4 weeks if uNTX ≥50 nmol/mmol creatinine, every 12 weeks if uNTX &lt; 50).
Results: Of 121 patients enrolled (mean age, 63.8 years; median follow-up, 21 months), 4 patients started ZOL every 4 weeks and 117 received ZOL every 12 weeks based on uNTX at study entry. All 4 patients who initiated ZOL every 4 weeks switched to every 12 weeks due to decreased uNTX. Thirty-eight of 117 patients who initiated ZOL every 12 weeks switched to ZOL every 4 weeks due to disease progression (n = 20), increased uNTX (n = 14), and SREs (n = 4). Overall SRE incidence was low; 7 (5.8%) and 5 (4.9%) patients experienced an SRE during years 1 and 2, respectively. Mean (SD) SRE rate at year 2 was 0.01 (0.03) per person-year. The 2-year incidence rate for osteonecrosis of jaw was 3.3%. Four deaths were reported, none related to ZOL.
Conclusions: Less frequent ZOL dosing (every 12 weeks over 2 years) maintains a low SRE rate and can be safely administered for up to 4 years. Clin Cancer Res; 22(6); 1378–84. ©2015 AACR.
See related commentary by Fonseca and Jain, p. 1301
Afinal, o Que é Cidadania?
Authors: Pozzi Diana Helena de Benedetto 
Published: December 2015

<p>Eis uma pergunta que parece impertinente, porque “cidadania” significaria alguma coisa de conhecimento geral. Seria esse um fato? Cidadania tem sido uma palavra muito usada em discursos, pois cria uma imagem positiva. Ao mesmo tempo, os discursos cada vez mais têm sido usados para cativar pessoas sem, entretanto, se tornarem ações e já esse fato seria uma questão de falta de cidadania.</p>
Difusão de Ciências: Um Instrumento para Incluir Socialmente e Despertar Vocações Científicas e Tecnológicas em Jovens de Todo o País
Authors: Barrionuevo Wilma Regina , Bagnato Vanderlei Salvador , Perussi Filho Sergio , Marega Junior Euclydes 
Published: December 2015

<p>Os pesquisadores do Grupo de Óptica do IFSC, na Universidade de São Paulo, vêm realizando intensas atividades de difusão de Ciência desde 2001, por meio de exposições itinerantes, workshops e de feiras de ciências em escolas e espaços públicos. Além disso, gerenciam o canal TV Ciência, 24 horas no ar, e mantêm colunas científicas em rádio, sites e jornais. Por meio dessas mídias são veiculados programas científicos para várias regiões do país. Outra atividade relevante é a organização da Olimpíada Brasileira de Física e da Olimpíada Brasileira de Física das Escolas Públicas, que juntas contaram com a inscrição de 863.402 alunos na primeira fase. No presente trabalho, são abordadas as atividades gerais de difusão do Grupo de Óptica, com destaque ao treinamento dos professores e monitores. Em seus depoimentos os estudantes monitores citam como benefícios dos projetos a ampliação dos seus conhecimentos científicos, além de sensível melhoria na capacidade de oratória em público e da capacidade de organizar eventos e de responder às situações imprevistas. Esperamos que tais ações venham a ampliar o campo de possibilidades que esses jovens terão no mercado de trabalho, além de conceder-lhes uma atitude mais eficaz e positiva frente aos inúmeros desafios da vida.</p>
Etiology, Frequency, and Clinical Outcomes of Myocardial Infarction After Successful Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation
Authors: Dohi Tomotaka , Maehara Akiko , Witzenbichler Bernhard , Rinaldi Michael J. , Mazzaferri Ernest L. , Duffy Peter L. , Weisz Giora , Neumann Franz-Josef , Henry Timothy D. , Cox David A. , Stuckey Thomas D. , Brodie Bruce R. , Litherland Claire , Brener Sorin J. , Kirtane Ajay J. , Mintz Gary S. , Stone Gregg W. 
Published: December 2015

Background—
The frequency, causes, and impact of myocardial infarction (MI) after successful percutaneous coronary intervention have not been well studied.

Methods and Results—

The Assessment of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy With Drug-Eluting Stents (ADAPT-DES) study was a prospective, multicenter registry study of 8582 patients undergoing successful drug-eluting stent implantation at 11 centers in the United States and Germany. After excluding 128 patients with periprocedural MI, we investigated the pathogenesis, frequency, and long-term consequences of non-periprocedural MI in 8454 patients. MI during 2-year follow-up developed in 263 patients (3.3%) at a median (25th and 75th percentiles) time of 318 (129, 503) days. The 263 MIs were subclassified as spontaneous MI (n=78; 29.7%), secondary or indeterminate MI (n=64; 24.3%), stent thrombosis–related MI (n=63; 24.0%), and in-stent restenosis–related MI (n=58; 22.1%). Multivariable predictors of MI included clinical and angiographic factors (acute coronary syndromes presentation, diabetes mellitus, current smoker, multivessel disease, treatment of an in-stent restenotic lesion), laboratory findings (low baseline hemoglobin and reduced creatinine clearance), antiplatelet agent–related factors (higher on-treatment platelet P2Y12 receptor reactivity and premature thienopyridine discontinuation), and not being on a statin at discharge. Patients who experienced an MI during the follow-up period had significantly greater 2-year mortality than those without MI (17.3% [42 deaths] versus 3.4% [265 deaths],
P
<0.001). By multivariable analysis, the adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for subsequent mortality during follow-up was 2.17 (1.06, 4.45) in patients with versus without a non-periprocedural MI (
P
=0.03).

Conclusions—
The occurrence of a non-periprocedural MI within 2 years after successful drug-eluting stent implantation is relatively infrequent, but has numerous etiologies and is significantly associated with subsequent mortality.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00638794.
Relationship of Provider and Practice Volume to Performance Measure Adherence for Coronary Artery Disease, Heart Failure, and Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Fleming Lisa M. , Jones Philip , Chan Paul S. , Andrei Adin-Christian , Maddox Thomas M. , Farmer Steven A. 
Published: December 2015

Background—
There is a reported association between high clinical volume and improved outcomes. Whether this relationship is true for outpatients with coronary artery disease (CAD), heart failure (HF), and atrial fibrillation (AF) remains unknown.

Methods and Results—

Using the PINNACLE Registry (2009–2012), average monthly provider and practice volumes were calculated for CAD, HF, and AF. Adherence with 4 American Heart Association CAD, 2 HF, and 1 AF performance measure were assessed at the most recent encounter for each patient. Hierarchical logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between provider and practice volume and performance on eligible quality measures. Data incorporated patients from 1094 providers at 71 practices (practice level analyses n=654 535; provider level analyses n=529 938). Median monthly provider volumes were 79 (interquartile range [IQR], 51–117) for CAD, 27 (16–45) for HF, and 37 (24–54) for AF. Median monthly practice volumes were 923 (IQR, 476–1455) for CAD, 311 (145–657) for HF, and 459 (185–720) for AF. Overall, 55% of patients met all CAD measures, 72% met all HF measures, and 58% met the AF measure. There was no definite relationship between practice volume and concordance for CAD, AF, or HF (
P
=0.56, 0.52, and 0.79, respectively). In contrast, higher provider volume was associated with increased concordance for CAD and AF performance measures (
P
<0.001 for both), but not for HF (
P
=0.36).

Conclusions—
In the PINNACLE registry, performance was modest and variable. Higher provider volume was positively associated with quality, whereas practice volume was not.
Exploring the Construction of a Category in Warring States Sources
Authors: Meyer Andrew 
Published: December 2015

This article examines the category of “Master” as it was used in texts produced during the Warring States. Though scholars have generally assumed that common conventions informed the role and figure of the Master across early texts, close analysis of the sources does not support this reading. The present essay focuses upon the figure of Mo Di as it is constructed in the anecdotes anthologized in the “Dialogues” of the Mozi, comparing the social, political, and economic roles the text ascribes to “Master Mozi” with those ascribed to figures such as Confucius and “Master Yan” in other roughly contemporary writings. Such a comparative reading reveals a distinctive and salient model of Mastership advocated by the early Mohists, which in turn demonstrates that basic categories such as “Master” and “disciple” were fluid and contested in the larger discourse of the Warring States. Cet article s’intéresse à la catégorie de “Maître” telle qu’elle était en usage dans les textes de l’époque des Royaumes Combattants. Les spécialistes considèrent en général que la personne et le rôle du Maître obéissaient à des conventions communes à tous les textes anciens, or cette lecture n’est pas confirmée par l’examen attentif des sources. Dans le cas présent, l’attention se concentre sur la personne de Mo Di telle que l’élaborent les anecdotes recueillies dans les “dialogues” du Mozi. La comparaison est faite entre les fonctions sociales, politiques et économiques attribuées à “Maître Mozi” dans le texte et celles qu’attribuent d’autres textes à peu près contemporains à des personnalités telles que Confucius ou “Maître Yan”. De la sorte est révélé le modèle distinctif et pertinent du “Maître” promu par les premiers moïstes, et est démontré du même coup que des catégories de bases comme “maître” ou “disciple” dans le discours des Royaumes Combattants étaient à la fois fluides et contestées.
Calquing, Structural Borrowing and Metatypy in the Dongxiang Language
Authors: Lefort Julie 
Published: December 2015

The Dongxiang language, spoken in Southern Gansu province in the People’s Republic of China, is a Mongolic language that has been in contact with Linxianese, a neighboring Chinese dialect. These contacts have induced massive phonological and lexical changes in the Dongxiang language, but only a few syntactic changes due to the influence of Linxianese can be traced. In this paper, I describe and analyze two particular cases of the grammatical function expansion of two suffixes, -ni and -ji, used with ­adjectives in Dongxiang. From those examples, I try to show that there is a difference between two phenomena present in the Dongxiang language, one being closer to a calque and the other closer to grammaticalization, and eventually metatypy. I also describe a hypothetical borrowing process reflecting the grammatical integration of these two suffixes. La langue dongxiang, parlée dans le sud du Gansu en République Populaire de Chine, est une langue mongolique qui a été en contact avec le dialecte chinois voisin de Linxia. Celui-ci a influencé la langue dongxiang sur le plan phonologique et lexical de façon importante alors que la syntaxe ne semble pas avoir été autant influencée. Dans cet article, je décris et analyse deux suffixes, -ni et -ji, utilisés avec des adjectifs, dont les fonctions se sont étendues sous l’influence du linxianais. A partir de ces exemples, j’essaye de montrer qu’il existe deux phénomènes distincts, l’un se rapprochant du calque et l’autre de la grammaticalisation, et éventuellement de la métatypie. Je tente également de décrire le processus d’emprunt possible qui reflète l’intégration grammaticale des deux suffixes dans la langue dongxiang.
Decision Making for Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea without Tonsillar Hypertrophy
Authors: Ishman Stacey L. , Tang Alice , Cohen Aliza P. , Elhadi Babiker Haithem , Chini Barbara , Ehsan Zarmina , Fleck Robert J. , Gordon Christopher , McPhail Gary L. , Pan Brian , Saal Howard M. , Shott Sally R. , Amin Raouf S. 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveEvidence‐based medicine is the gold standard practice model for patient management. Our aim was to determine whether decisions made by pediatric subspecialists regarding management of obstructive sleep apnea in children without tonsillar hypertrophy adhered to this model or were based on clinical experiences.Study DesignSingle‐institution prospective study.SettingMultidisciplinary upper airway center in an academic pediatric hospital.Subjects and MethodsTwelve pediatric subspecialists representing 8 specialties participating in upper airway clinics and management conferences. Real‐time decisions made in treatment conferences and upper airway clinics were collected. Physicians were queried regarding the basis of their decisions, and these decisions were then classified into 10 categories.ResultsOver 13 days (10 case conferences, 3 half‐day clinics), 324 decisions were made for 58 patients (mean age = 8.9 ± 7.4 years, mean body mass index percentile = 75 ± 29); 34% (n = 108) of decisions were evidence based; 59% (n = 193) were nonevidence based; and 7% (n = 23) were based on parental preference. Providers were able to cite specific studies for <20% of these decisions. There was no significant increase in the proportion of evidence‐based decisions made over time.ConclusionsWe deemed 34% of decisions regarding the management of obstructive sleep apnea in children without tonsillar hypertrophy to be evidence based and found that sharing the basis for decisions did not improve the percentage of evidence‐based decisions over time. These findings reflect significant evidence gaps and highlight the need for a systematic literature evaluation to identify best practice in managing this population. We recommend that these evidence gaps be further characterized and incorporated into an agenda for future research.
Ethics review as a component of institutional approval for a multicentre continuous quality improvement project: the investigator's perspective
Authors: Ezzat Hanna , Ross Sue , von Dadelszen Peter , Morris Tara , Liston Robert , Magee Laura A ,   the CPN Collaborative Group
Published: December 2015

Abstract

Background
For ethical approval of a multicentre study in Canada, investigators must apply separately to individual Research Ethics Boards (REBs). In principle, the protection of human research subjects is of utmost importance. However, in practice, the process of multicentre ethics review can be time consuming and costly, requiring duplication of effort for researchers and REBs. We used our experience with ethical review of The Canadian Perinatal Network (CPN), to gain insight into the Canadian system.

Methods
The applications forms of 16 different REBs were abstracted for a list of standardized items. The application process across sites was compared. Correspondence between the REB and the investigators was documented in order to construct a timeline to approval, identify the specific issues raised by each board, and describe how they were resolved.

Results
Each REB had a different application form. Most (n = 9) had a two or three step application process. Overall, it took a median of 31 days (range 2-174 days) to receive an initial response from the REB. Approval took a median of 42 days (range 4-443 days). Privacy and consent were the two major issues raised. Several additional minor or administrative issues were raised which delayed approval.

Conclusions
For CPN, the Canadian REB process of ethical review proved challenging. REBs acted independently and without unified application forms or submission procedures. We call for a critical examination of the ethical, privacy and institutional review processes in Canada, to determine the best way to undertake multicentre review.
Randomised primary health center based interventions to improve the diagnosis and treatment of undifferentiated fever and dengue in Vietnam
Authors: Phuong Hoang L , Nga Tran TT , Giao Phan T , Hung Le Q , Binh Tran Q , Nam Nguyen V , Nagelkerke Nico , de Vries Peter J 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

Background
Fever is a common reason for attending primary health facilities in Vietnam. Response of health care providers to patients with fever commonly consists of making a presumptive diagnosis and proposing corresponding treatment. In Vietnam, where malaria was brought under control, viral infections, notably dengue, are the main causes of undifferentiated fever but they are often misdiagnosed and inappropriately treated with antibiotics.
This study investigate if educating primary health center (PHC) staff or introducing rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) improve diagnostic resolution and accuracy for acute undifferentiated fever (AUF) and reduce prescription of antibiotics and costs for patients.

Methods
In a PHC randomized intervention study in southern Vietnam, the presumptive diagnoses for AUF patients were recorded and confirmed by serology on paired (acute and convalescence) sera. After one year, PHCs were randomized to four intervention arms: training on infectious diseases (A), the provision of RDTs (B), the combination (AB) and control (C). The intervention lasted from 2002 until 2006.

Results
The frequency of the non-etiologic diagnosis "undifferentiated fever" decreased in group AB, and - with some delay- also in group B. The diagnosis "dengue" increased in group AB, but only temporarily, although dengue was the most common cause of fever. A correct diagnosis for dengue initially increased in groups AB and B but only for AB this was sustained. Antibiotics prescriptions increased in group C. During intervention it initially declined in AB with a tendency to increase afterwards; in B it gradually declined. There was a substantial increase of patients' costs in B.

Conclusions
The introduction of RDTs for infectious diseases such as dengue, through free market principles, does improve the quality of the diagnosis and decreases the prescription of antibiotics at the PHC level. However, the effect is more sustainable in combination with training; without it RDTs lead to an excess of costs.
A generalized birth and death process for modeling the fates of gene duplication
Authors: Zhao Jing , Teufel Ashley I. , Liberles David A. , Liu Liang 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundAccurately estimating the timing and mode of gene duplications along the evolutionary history of species can provide invaluable information about underlying mechanisms by which the genomes of organisms evolved and the genes with novel functions arose. Mechanistic models have previously been introduced that allow for probabilistic inference of the evolutionary mechanism for duplicate gene retention based upon the average rate of loss over time of the duplicate. However, there is currently no probabilistic model embedded in a birth-death modeling framework that can take into account the effects of different evolutionary mechanisms of gene retention when analyzing gene family data.ResultsIn this study, we describe a generalized birth-death process for modeling the fates of gene duplication. Use of mechanistic models in a phylogenetic framework requires an age-dependent birth-death process. Starting with a single population corresponding to the lineage of a phylogenetic tree and with an assumption of a clock that starts ticking for each duplicate at its birth, an age-dependent birth-death process is developed by extending the results from the time-dependent birth-death process. The implementation of such models in a full phylogenetic framework is expected to enable large scale probabilistic analysis of duplicates in comparative genomic studies.ConclusionsWe develop an age-dependent birth-death model for understanding the mechanisms of gene retention, which allows a gene loss rate dependent on each duplication event. Simulation results indicate that different mechanisms of gene retentions produce distinct likelihood functions, which can be used with genomic data to quantitatively distinguish those mechanisms.