bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Een nieu liedt van de moordadighe feyten gecommiteert door Adriaen de Jode binnen de stede van Ghendt.
Authors: Van Istendael Herman 
Published: January 2018

Op maandag 28 april 1664 vindt men te Gent in een huis tegenover de vleeshalle de lijken van Livina Bernaert, echtgenote van Martinus van der Brugghe, lakensnijder, haar dienstmeid Christina de Scheppere en haar kind Elias van der Btugghe, zes maand oud. Dit feit verwekte zeer grote opschudding. Dezelfde dag wordt Adriaen de jode, zoon van Adriaen aangehouden toen hij een paar bebloede schoenen trachtte te verkopen aan de vrouw van een schoenlapper.
Ventajas del liderazgo distribuido en instituciones de educación superior / Advantages of distributed leadership in institutions of higher education
Authors: Amador Ortíz Carlos Miguel 
Published: January 2018

Se reflexiona sobre el tema de liderazgo en instituciones de educación superior con el fin de analizar propuestas teóricas congruentes con las características de estos centros educativos, el trabajo se llevó a cabo haciendo una investigación documental y analítica estableciendo un comparativo entre los aspectos conceptuales del liderazgo distribuido y de las características de las Instituciones de Educación Superior para poder identificar las ventajas de este tipo de liderazgo. En cuanto a los resultados se encuentra que las características de las instituciones educativas conllevan una estructura organizacional diferente a las instituciones tradicionales; además, las instituciones de educación superior se caracterizan por poseer diferentes funcionalidades (docencia, vinculación, gestión, investigación), por tener personal altamente capacitado y por estar inmersas en un entorno extremadamente dinámico, con base en esto se concluye que la propuesta de liderazgo distribuido al democratizar la toma de decisiones conlleva una serie de ventajas para estas instituciones.
Penilaian Hasil Belajar untuk Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Hadiana Deni 
Published: January 2018

This paper discusses the educational assessment of learning outcomes forÂ elementary school students including the authority institution that can strengthen theÂ knowledge, attitudes, and skills through the strengthening of educational assessment byÂ educators, educational assessment by school, and educational assessment by theÂ Government. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that internal assessmentÂ by teachers and school done with various techniques and procedures strengthens authenticÂ assessment in the domain of knowledge, attitudes, and skills. External assessment isÂ conducted by the government through the end of class survey and school final assessmentÂ by using the national standard. Graduation of student is the schoolâ€™s authority by consideringÂ the results of assessment by educators, school, and government. Assessment by theÂ government serves as a mapping and selection to higher level of education, that is juniorÂ secondary school.ABSTRAKÂ Tulisan ini membahas penilaian hasil belajar untuk siswa sekolah dasar termasukÂ aspek kelembagaannya yang dapat memperkuat domain pengetahuan, sikap, danÂ keterampilan melalui penguatan penilaian hasil belajar oleh pendidik, penilaian hasil belajarÂ oleh satuan pendidikan, dan penilaian hasil belajar oleh Pemerintah. Dari hasil kajian, dapatÂ disimpulkan bahwa penilaian internal oleh pendidik dan satuan pendidikan yang dilakukanÂ dengan berbagai teknik dan prosedur dapat memperkuat penilaian otentik dalam ranahÂ pengetahuan, sikap, dan keterampilan. Penilaian eksternal oleh pemerintah dilakukan melaluiÂ survei akhir kelas dan penilaian akhir sekolah berstandar nasional. Kelulusan peserta didikÂ dari satuan pendidikan ditentukan oleh satuan pendidikan dengan mempertimbangkanÂ hasil penilaian oleh pendidik, satuan pendidikan, dan pemerintah. Penilaian oleh pemerintahÂ berfungsi sebagai bahan pemetaan dan seleksi ke jenjang pendidikan sekolah menengahÂ pertama.
Moderating Effect of Internal Control System on the Relationship between Environmental Turbulence and Firm Performance in Jordanian listed Companies
Authors: Ershaid Diala Jehad , Bt Abdullah Akilah , Mohamed Mudzamir Bin 
Published: January 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of environmental turbulence on firm performance of listed companies in Jordan. A conceptual model is proposed in this paper where firm performance is expected to be influenced by a two-dimensional environmental turbulence factor (technological turbulence and market turbulence) with a moderating factor of internal control system.
Proposed Method: A questionnaire survey would be administered to 253 listed companies in Amman stock Exchange and analysis could be done with Partial Least Square (PLS) for testing the hypotheses of the study that firm performance is being influenced by environmental turbulence with a moderating effect of internal control system.
Expected Results: It expected that when this proposed conceptual model is used with empirical data, the result of the research will provide a good understanding of the influence of the two environmental turbulence factors (technology and market) on firm performance of Jordanian listed companies. The result will also highlight the extent of the moderating effect of internal control system on the relationship between environmental turbulence and firm performance.
Implication: Even though this research paper only presents a conceptual framework, but it proposes an aspect that needs to be tested with empirical data among Jordanian listed companies because of their significance in the business environment and the Jordan’s economy as a whole. The study is also of particular importance to the management of listed firms in knowing the moderating role of their internal control system on the relationship between the environmental turbulence and firm performance.
Impact of the Corporate Governance and the Ownership Structure on the Firm’s Financial Performance and its Risk Taking Behavior
Authors: Shah Abid Ali , Aamir Muhammad , Saba Irum , Mahmood Zeeshan 
Published: January 2018

Purpose: In the developing country like Pakistan the agency problem may have different dimensions as it may not only be among the ownership and the management but also regarding the expropriation of the corporate profits by the largest shareholder at the cost of the many small shareholders. This paper examines the relationship between the Ownership Structure with its two dimensions i.e. Ownership Type and Concentration with the Corporate Governance adaptation level by the firms and its Financial Performance and Risk Taking Behavior judged by the Stock Market Returns.
Methodology: The analysis was conducted in three sections using Panel Data Estimation using the data from 2006 to 2010 for 40 listed KSE firms.
Findings: The results indicates that the improvement in the Corporate Practices increase the firm’s financial performance and reduction in the level of risk during undertaking of the riskier ventures. The Corporate Governance also has negative relationship with the Ownership Concentration proving the fact that the increase in the level of the ownership concentration results in the reduction of the level of good practices by the firms.
Practical Implications: These results also provided a view of the Corporate Structure of the Pakistani firms and prove the fact that the Ownership Concentrated in single largest owner results in the reduction of Corporate Governance level and the Financial Performance of the firms and also results in the increase in the level of the risk undertaken by the firms.
Effect of Comparative Study of Payment System between Malaysia and Republic of Tajikistan
Authors: Kholiqov Firdavsi , Ramzani Sara , Raju Valliappan 
Published: January 2018

Purpose: The worldwide payment system has another alternative called e-payment system now. There are a numbers of different aspects on payment system in two mentioned countries. To utilize the arrangement of e-payment, we can spare our time, assets and powers throughout our day by day to exercise the daily e-payment method. The larger part of developing nation is utilizing this e-payment system these days, on the grounds that the e-payment will push the economy to drive speedily. Author has used quantitative method data collection, whereby questionnaire will be provided to respondents. The populations for this research study are financial organizations in both of countries. The target markets are 59 organizations and for data analyzing author will use SPSS technique. Today, the structure of payment system is electronic-payment systems. It is believed that the result of this study significantly support e-payment system. Using cash, cheque and other kind of payment methods are very less observed in Malaysia. Author has tried to find what are the comparative aspects of payment system between two countries and what are the benefit of e-payment system which used in Malaysia and unused in Tajikistan. This study will help the payment system of Tajikistan to develop and transform to new payment system accordingly. Therefore, this research will deliver as educational subject and training courses to the Republic of Tajikistan.
Electron Acceleration by Dipolarization Fronts and Magnetic Reconnection: A Quantitative Comparison
Authors: Xu Y. , Fu H. S. , Liu C. M. , Wang T. Y. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Suprathermal electrons with energy from tens to hundreds of keV are frequently observed in the Earth's magnetotail. The generation of such electrons is typically attributed to magnetic reconnection, dipolarization fronts (DFs), or flux transport. However, which of these contributes more to this generation remains unclear. In this study, we quantitatively compare the electron acceleration by these processes, using the Cluster data. We analyze an event detected in the midtail and find that the suprathermal electrons there are first accelerated by magnetic reconnection and transported earthward, and then further accelerated locally at the DF. The acceleration process by reconnection and transport, resulting in an isotropic pitch angle distribution, contributes ∼70% to the total flux enhancement, while the acceleration process by the DF, resulting in a pancake distribution, contributes ∼30% to the flux enhancement. The electron acceleration at the DF is primarily attributed to a local betatron process that is successfully reproduced using an analytic model. In order to better understand this phenomenon, we examine an additional 16 similar events and find that the DFs and magnetic reconnection statistically contribute 11% ∼ 38% and 62% ∼ 89% to the total flux enhancement, respectively. This study greatly improves our understanding of the electron energization process in the magnetotail.
On the Nature of Orion Source I
Authors: Báez-Rubio A. , Jiménez-Serra I. , Martín-Pintado J. , Zhang Q. , Curiel S. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The Kleinmann–Low nebula in Orion, the closest region of massive star formation, harbors Source I, whose nature is under debate. Knowledge of this source may have profound implications for our understanding of the energetics of the hot core in Orion KL since it might be the main heating source in the region. The spectral energy distribution of this source in the radio is characterized by a positive spectral index close to 2, which is consistent with (i) thermal bremsstrahlung emission of ionized hydrogen gas produced by a central massive protostar, or (ii) photospheric bremsstrahlung emission produced by electrons when deflected by the interaction with neutral and molecular hydrogen like Mira-like variable stars. If ionized hydrogen gas were responsible for the observed continuum emission, its modeling would predict detectable emission from hydrogen radio recombination lines (RRLs). However, our SMA observations were obtained with a high enough sensitivity to rule out that the radio continuum emission arises from a dense hypercompact H ii region because the H26α line would have been detected, in contrast with our observations. To explain the observational constraints, we investigate further the nature of the radio continuum emission from source I. We have compared available radio continuum data with the predictions from our upgraded non-LTE 3D radiative transfer model, MOdel for REcombination LInes, to show that radio continuum fluxes and sizes can only be reproduced by assuming both dust and bremsstrahlung emission from neutral gas. The dust emission contribution is significant at ν ≥ 43 GHz. In addition, our RRL peak intensity predictions for the ionized metals case are consistent with the nondetection of Na and K RRLs at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths.
A Comparison of Maps and Power Spectra Determined from South Pole Telescope and Planck Data
Authors: Hou Z. , Aylor K. , Benson B. A. , Bleem L. E. , Carlstrom J. E. , Chang C. L. , Cho H-M. , Chown R. , Crawford T. M. , Crites A. T. , de Haan T. , Dobbs M. A. , Everett W. B. , Follin B. , George E. M. , Halverson N. W. , Harrington N. L. , Holder G. P. , Holzapfel W. L. , Hrubes J. D. , Keisler R. , Knox L. , Lee A. T. , Leitch E. M. , Luong-Van D. , Marrone D. P. , McMahon J. J. , Meyer S. S. , Millea M. , Mocanu L. M. , Mohr J. J. , Natoli T. , Omori Y. , Padin S. , Pryke C. , Reichardt C. L. , Ruhl J. E. , Sayre J. T. , Schaffer K. K. , Shirokoff E. , Staniszewski Z. , Stark A. A. , Story K. T. , Vanderlinde K. , Vieira J. D. , Williamson R. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We study the consistency of 150 GHz data from the South Pole Telescope (SPT) and 143 GHz data from the Planck satellite over the patch of sky covered by the SPT-SZ survey. We first visually compare the maps and find that the residuals appear consistent with noise after accounting for differences in angular resolution and filtering. We then calculate (1) the cross-spectrum between two independent halves of SPT data, (2) the cross-spectrum between two independent halves of Planck data, and (3) the cross-spectrum between SPT and Planck data. We find that the three cross-spectra are well fit (PTE = 0.30) by the null hypothesis in which both experiments have measured the same sky map up to a single free calibration parameter—i.e., we find no evidence for systematic errors in either data set. As a by-product, we improve the precision of the SPT calibration by nearly an order of magnitude, from 2.6% to 0.3% in power. Finally, we compare all three cross-spectra to the full-sky Planck power spectrum and find marginal evidence for differences between the power spectra from the SPT-SZ footprint and the full sky. We model these differences as a power law in spherical harmonic multipole number. The best-fit value of this tilt is consistent among the three cross-spectra in the SPT-SZ footprint, implying that the source of this tilt is a sample variance fluctuation in the SPT-SZ region relative to the full sky. The consistency of cosmological parameters derived from these data sets is discussed in a companion paper.
A Quasi-periodic Fast-propagating Magnetosonic Wave Associated with the Eruption of a Magnetic Flux Rope
Authors: Shen Yuandeng , Liu Yu , Song Tengfei , Tian Zhanjun 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Using high temporal and high spatial resolution observations taken by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory, we present a detailed observational analysis of a high-quality quasi-periodic fast-propagating (QFP) magnetosonic wave that was associated with the eruption of a magnetic flux rope and a GOES C5.0 flare. For the first time, we find that the QFP wave lasted for the entire flare lifetime rather than only during the rising phase of the accompanying flare, as reported in previous studies. In addition, the propagation of the different parts of the wave train showed different kinematics and morphologies. For the southern (northern) part, the speed, duration, and intensity variation are about 875 ± 29 (1485 ± 233) km s−1, 45 (60) minutes, and 4% (2%), and their pronounced periods are 106 ± 12 and 160 ± 18 (75 ± 10 and 120 ± 16) s, respectively. It is interesting that the northern part of the wave train showed an obvious refraction effect when it passed through a region of strong magnetic field. The result of a periodicity analysis indicates that all of the periods of the QFP wave can be found in the period spectrum of the accompanying flare, suggesting their common physical origin. We propose that the quasi-periodic nonlinear magnetohydrodynamics process in the magnetic reconnection that produces the accompanying flare should be important in exciting a QFP wave, and the different magnetic distributions along different paths can account for the different speeds and morphology evolution of the wave fronts.
Des rabbins français en Algérie coloniale
Authors: Assan Valérie 
Published: January 2018

Cet article met en lumière l’engagement politique d’un petit nombre de rabbins français membres des consistoires en Algérie coloniale pendant la deuxième moitié du xix e siècle : promotion de l’émancipation politique et de l’intégration de la minorité juive, interventions en faveur de l’application de la législation française malmenée par certaines pratiques arbitraires de l’administration coloniale, lutte confidentielle contre l’antisémitisme pendant la « crise anti-juive » de la fin du siècle.
Gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) fluxes over canopy of two typical subtropical forests in south China
Authors: Yu Qian , Luo Yao , Wang Shuxiao , Wang Zhiqi , Hao Jiming , Duan Lei 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Mercury (Hg) exchange between forests and the atmosphere plays an
important role in global Hg cycling. The present estimate of global
emission of Hg from natural source has large uncertainty, partly due
to the lack of chronical and valid field data, particularly for
terrestrial surfaces in China, the most important contributor to
global atmospheric Hg. In this study, the micrometeorological method
(MM) was used to continuously observe gaseous elemental mercury
(GEM) fluxes over forest canopy at a mildly polluted site
(Qianyanzhou, QYZ) and a moderately polluted site (Huitong, HT, near
a large Hg mine) in subtropical south China for a full year from
January to December in 2014. The GEM flux measurements over forest
canopy in QYZ and HT showed net emission with annual average values
of 6.67 and 0.30 ngm-2h-1, respectively. Daily
variations of GEM fluxes showed an increasing emission with the
increasing air temperature and solar radiation in the daytime to
a peak at 13:00, and decreasing emission thereafter, even as
a GEM sink or balance at night. High temperature and low air Hg
concentration resulted in the high Hg emission in summer. Low
temperature in winter and Hg absorption by plant in spring resulted
in low Hg emission, or even adsorption in the two seasons. GEM
fluxes were positively correlated with air temperature, soil
temperature, wind speed, and solar radiation, while it is negatively
correlated with air humidity and atmospheric GEM concentration. The
lower emission fluxes of GEM at the moderately polluted site (HT)
when compared with that in the mildly polluted site (QYZ) may
result from a much higher adsorption fluxes at night in spite of
a similar or higher emission fluxes during daytime. This shows
that the higher atmospheric GEM concentration at HT restricted the
forest GEM emission. Great attention should be paid to forests as
a crucial increasing Hg emission source with the decreasing
atmospheric GEM concentration in polluted areas because of Hg
emission abatement in the future.
Use of flow cytometry and stable isotope analysis to determine phytoplankton uptake of wastewater derived ammonium in a nutrient-rich river
Authors: Schmidt Calla M. , Kraus Tamara E. C. , Young Megan B. , Kendall Carol 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Anthropogenic alteration of the form and concentration of nitrogen (N) in aquatic ecosystems is widespread. Understanding availability and uptake of different N sources at the base of aquatic food webs is critical to establishment of effective nutrient management programs. Stable isotopes of N (14N, 15N) are often used to trace the sources of N fueling aquatic primary production, but effective use of this approach requires obtaining a reliable isotopic ratio for phytoplankton. In this study, we tested the use of flow cytometry to isolate phytoplankton from bulk particulate organic matter (POM) in a portion of the Sacramento River, California, during river-scale nutrient manipulation experiments that involved halting wastewater discharges high in ammonium (NH4+). Field samples were collected using a Lagrangian approach, allowing us to measure changes in phytoplankton N source in the presence and absence of wastewater-derived NH4+. Comparison of δ15N-POM and δ15N-phytoplankton (δ15N-PHY) revealed that their δ15N values followed broadly similar trends. However, after 3 days of downstream travel in the presence of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent, δ15N-POM and δ15N-PHY in the Sacramento River differed by as much as 7 ‰. Using a stable isotope mixing model approach, we estimated that in the presence of effluent between 40 and 90 % of phytoplankton N was derived from NH4+ after 3 days of downstream transport. An apparent gradual increase over time in the proportion of NH4+ in the phytoplankton N pool suggests that either very low phytoplankton growth rates resulted in an N turnover time that exceeded the travel time sampled during this study, or a portion of the phytoplankton community continued to access nitrate even in the presence of elevated NH4+ concentrations.
On the predictability of land surface fluxes from meteorological variables
Authors: Haughton Ned , Abramowitz Gab , Pitman Andy J. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Previous research has shown that land surface models (LSMs) are performing
poorly when compared with relatively simple empirical models over a wide
range of metrics and environments. Atmospheric driving data appear to
provide information about land surface fluxes that LSMs are not fully
utilising. Here, we further quantify the information available in the
meteorological forcing data that are used by LSMs for predicting land surface
fluxes, by interrogating FLUXNET data, and extending the benchmarking
methodology used in previous experiments. We show that substantial
performance improvement is possible for empirical models using meteorological
data alone, with no explicit vegetation or soil properties, thus setting
lower bounds on a priori expectations on LSM performance. The process also
identifies key meteorological variables that provide predictive power. We
provide an ensemble of empirical benchmarks that are simple to reproduce and
provide a range of behaviours and predictive performance, acting as
a baseline benchmark set for future studies. We reanalyse previously
published LSM simulations and show that there is more diversity between LSMs
than previously indicated, although it remains unclear why LSMs are broadly
performing so much worse than simple empirical models.