bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Pain and Stress Intensity among Women with Ovarian Endometriomas versus Teratomas
Authors: Chmaj-Wierzchowska Karolina , Kampioni Małgorzata , Wilczak Maciej , Sajdak Stefan , Opala Tomasz 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND: In recent years, numerous studies have considered endometriosis to be a subclinical, local inflammatory process in the pelvic peritoneum, the main symptom of which is pain.OBJECTIVES: To assess pain intensity and pain‐related stress in women with ovarian endometriomas versus teratomas.METHODS: In total, 860 women (18 to 38 years of age) treated laparoscopically for lesions in the adnexa between September 2006 and November 2013 were included in the present study. After an intraoperative review of their histopathological lesions, the patients were divided into two study groups: group E (n=480), with histopathologically confirmed ovarian endometriomas; and group T (n=380), after laparoscopic treatment of ovarian teratomas. A questionnaire was generated for the study and completed by each group. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann‐Whitney U test (P≤0.05).RESULTS: Median pain scores for group E versus group T were as follows: pain during menstruation, 6 versus 3 (P=0.001); pain outside of menstruation (in professional life), 2 versus 2 (P=0.014); and pain during sexual intercourse, 3 versus 1 (P=0.006). Pain‐related stress scores were higher in group T versus group E (5 versus 3; P=0.007).CONCLUSION: Ovarian endometriomas caused more pain than ovarian teratomas, likely due to the endometrial tissue component and not a mass effect. The assessment of pain and pain‐related stress associated with the pelvis minor showed a high level of pain intensity and lower level of pain‐related stress among patients with ovarian endometriomas.
Cost Effectiveness of ‘On Demand’ Hiv Pre‐Exposure Prophylaxis for Non‐Injection Drug‐Using Men Who Have Sex with Men in Canada
Authors: Ouellet Estelle , Durand Madeleine , Guertin Jason R , LeLorier Jacques , Tremblay Cécile L 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND: Recent trials report the efficacy of continuous tenofovir‐based pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for prevention of HIV infection. The cost effectiveness of ‘on demand’ PrEP for non‐injection drug‐using men who have sex with men at high risk of HIV acquisition has not been evaluated.OBJECTIVE: To conduct an economic evaluation of the societal costs of HIV in Canada and evaluate the potential benefits of this PrEP strategy.METHODS: Direct HIV costs comprised outpatient, inpatient and emergency department costs, psychosocial costs and antiretroviral costs. Resource consumption estimates were derived from the Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal HIV cohort. Estimates of indirect costs included employment rate and work absenteeism. Costs for ‘on demand’ PrEP were modelled after an ongoing clinical trial. Cost‐effectiveness analysis compared costs of ‘on demand’ PrEP to prevent one infection with lifetime costs of one HIV infection. Benefits were presented in terms of life‐years and quality‐adjusted life‐years.RESULTS: The average annual direct cost of one HIV infection was $16,109 in the least expensive antiretroviral regimen scenario and $24,056 in the most expensive scenario. The total indirect cost was $11,550 per year. Total costs for the first year of HIV infection ranged from $27,410 to $35,358. Undiscounted lifetime costs ranged from $1,439,984 ($662,295 discounted at 3% and $448,901 at 5%) to $1,482,502 ($690,075 at 3% and $485,806 at 5%). The annual cost of PrEP was $12,001 per participant, and $621,390 per infection prevented. The PrEP strategy was cost‐saving in all scenarios for undiscounted and 3% discounting rates. At 5% discounting rates, the strategy is largely cost‐effective: according to least and most expensive scenarios, incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios ranged from $60,311 to $47,407 per quality‐adjusted life‐year.CONCLUSION: This ‘on demand’ PrEP strategy ranges from cost‐saving to largely cost‐effective. The authors believe it represents an important public health strategy for the prevention of HIV transmission.
Tonsillectomy and Incidence of Oropharyngeal Cancers
Authors: Chaturvedi Anil K. , Song Huan , Rosenberg Phillip S. , Ramqvist Torbjorn , Anderson William F. , Munck-Wikland Eva , Ye Weimin , Dalianis Tina 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackground: Rising incidence of oropharyngeal cancers in numerous countries since the 1970s has been attributed to increased oral human papillomavirus (HPV) exposure. However, the contribution of coincidental declines in the surgical removal of the tonsils (tonsillectomy) is unknown. We quantified the association of tonsillectomy with risk of tonsillar, other oropharyngeal, and other head and neck cancers and the contribution of declines in tonsillectomies to cancer incidence trends.Methods: We conducted a nation-wide cohort study in Sweden (1970–2009). Tonsillectomies (N = 225,718) were identified through national patient registers, which were linked with the cancer register. Cancer incidence in the tonsillectomy cohort was compared with Sweden's general population through standardized incidence ratios (SIR).Results: Tonsillectomies were associated with reduced risk of tonsil cancers [SIRs 1+ years post-tonsillectomy = 0.31; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.08–0.79 and 5+ years post-tonsillectomy = 0.17; 95% CI, 0.02–0.62], but unrelated to other oropharyngeal or other head and neck cancers (SIRs 1+ years post-tonsillectomy = 1.61; 95% CI, 0.77–2.95 and 0.92; 95% CI, 0.64–1.27, respectively). The cumulative incidence of tonsillectomy declined significantly (40%–50%) during 1970–2009. However, tonsil cancer incidence significantly increased during 1970–2009 both without and with corrections for declines in tonsillectomies (relative risks per 5-year periods = 1.23, P &lt; 0.001 and 1.20, P &lt; 0.001, respectively).Conclusions: The reduced tonsil cancer risk with tonsillectomy reflects the removal of most of the relevant tissue. The absence of associations with other head and neck cancers indicates that tonsillectomy may not impact carcinogenesis at other sites.Impact: The significant increases in oropharyngeal cancer incidence since the 1970s in Sweden appear independent of declines in tonsillectomies, reinforcing increased oral HPV exposure as the likely cause. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(6); 944–50. ©2016 AACR.
The Novatian ‘Indifferent Canon’ and Pascha in Alexandria in 414: Hypatia’s Murder Case Reopened
Authors: Belenkiy Ari 
Published: March 2016

In an earlier paper I suggested that the murder of the Alexandrian philosopher Hypatia by a clique of Bishop Cyril’s zealots resulted from her involvement in the conflict between the Roman and Alexandrian Churches regarding the date of Easter in the year 417. The murder would have been committed in March 416 after she had performed controversial astronomical observations that supported the Roman date over the Alexandrian one.
This version faces severe problems from various sides. Therefore, I suggest here another scenario, where an unorthodox position of the Novatian Church on determining the time of Easter and early Passover celebration in 414 triggered the chain of events leading to Hypatia’s murder. This scenario places the murder in March 415 and offers a unique time frame for all the related events. Here Hypatia displays astronomy skills that justify her subsequent historical reputation. I also shed light on the immediate circumstances of her murder, specifically suggesting it happened on the day she was making the equinoctial observations.
Finally, I propose instituting a memorial day for Hypatia on the day of the vernal equinox.
Factors Affecting Resilience in Families of Adults With Diabetes
Authors: Batty Kristine E. , Fain James A. 
Published: March 2016

Purpose The purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of family resilience on families of adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Methods A convenience sample of 77 participants was recruited from several diabetes education/support group programs and 1 private medical practice to participate in this descriptive correlational study. Participants completed several instruments measuring family member satisfaction with components of family functioning, family resilience, life orientation (measure of optimism), and diabetes knowledge. Results Family members were predominantly female (71%) and white (97%), and they had a minimum of a college education (79%). A significant positive relationship was found between family functioning and family resilience ( r = 0.59, P < .01). Regression analysis revealed that family functioning was the only predictor of family resilience, explaining 46% of the variance. Positive outlook and diabetes knowledge were not significant contributors to the model. A significant low correlation was found between family member’s level of diabetes knowledge and measure of optimism. Additional findings demonstrated that the Family Resilience Assessment tool was a reliable measure, with a Cronbach alpha of 0.91. Conclusion Family functioning was associated with family resilience. Future research should focus on replicating the study in a more heterogeneous population, with further investigation into the needs of family members of adults with diabetes.
Management of Iatrogenic Pseudoaneurysms in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Stone Patrick A. , Thompson Stephanie N. , Hanson Brent , Masinter David 
Published: March 2016

Objective: A plethora of papers have been written regarding postcatheterization femoral pseudoaneurysms. However, literature is lacking on pseudoaneurysmal management in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Thus, we examined if pseudoaneurysms with subsequent CABG can be managed with the same strategies as those not exposed to the intense anticoagulation accompanying CABGs. Methods: During a 14-year study period, we retrospectively examined femoral iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms (IPSAs) diagnosed postheart catheterization in patients having a subsequent CABG. Patient information was obtained from electronic medical records and included pseudoaneurysm characteristics, treatment, and resolution. Outcomes of interest included the occurrence of IPSA treatment failures and complications. Results: In the 66 patients (mean age, 66 ± 11 years, 46% male) meeting inclusion criteria, mean dose of heparin received during the CABG procedure was 34 000 ± 23 000 units. The IPSA size distribution was the following: 17% of IPSAs measured <1 cm, 55% between 1 and 3 cm, and 21% measured >3 cm. Pseudoaneurysms were managed with compression, duplex-guided thrombin injection, and surgical repair (1%, 27%, and 26% of cases, respectively). Thrombin injection and surgical repair were 100% effective at treating pseudoaneurysms, with 1 patient experiencing a surgical site infection postsurgical repair. Observation-only management was employed in 30 (45%) patients. Nine of 30 patients with no intervention beyond observation had duplex documented resolution/thrombosis during follow-up. One patient initially managed by observation required readmission and surgical repair of an enlarging pseudoaneurysm (6 cm growth) following CABG. Conclusion: Management of pseudoaneurysms in patients prior to CABG should be similar to those patients not undergoing intense anticoagulation. In appropriate cases, small aneurysms can be safely observed, while thrombin injections are effective and safe as well. Thus, routine open surgical repair is not routinely required in patients with femoral pseudoaneurysms at time of CABG.
Phase II Randomized Preoperative Window-of-Opportunity Study of the PI3K Inhibitor Pictilisib Plus Anastrozole Compared With Anastrozole Alone in Patients With Estrogen Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Schmid Peter , Pinder Sarah E. , Wheatley Duncan , Macaskill Jane , Zammit Charles , Hu Jennifer , Price Robert , Bundred Nigel , Hadad Sirwan , Shia Alice , Sarker Shah-Jalal , Lim Louise , Gazinska Patrycja , Woodman Natalie , Korbie Darren , Trau Matt , Mainwaring Paul , Gendreau Steven , Lackner Mark R. , Derynck Mika , Wilson Timothy R. , Butler Hannah , Earl Gemma , Parker Peter , Purushotham Arnie , Thompson Alastair 
Published: March 2016

Purpose Preclinical data support a key role for the PI3K pathway in estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer and suggest that combining PI3K inhibitors with endocrine therapy may overcome resistance. This preoperative window study assessed whether adding the PI3K inhibitor pictilisib (GDC-0941) can increase the antitumor effects of anastrozole in primary breast cancer and aimed to identify the most appropriate patient population for combination therapy. Patients and Methods In this randomized, open-label phase II trial, postmenopausal women with newly diagnosed operable estrogen receptor–positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–negative breast cancers were recruited. Participants were randomly allocated (2:1, favoring the combination) to 2 weeks of preoperative treatment with anastrozole 1 mg once per day (n = 26) or the combination of anastrozole 1 mg with pictilisib 260 mg once per day (n = 49). The primary end point was inhibition of tumor cell proliferation as measured by change in Ki-67 protein expression between tumor samples taken before and at the end of treatment. Results There was significantly greater geometric mean Ki-67 suppression of 83.8% (one-sided 95% CI, ≥ 79.0%) for the combination and 66.0% (95% CI, ≤ 75.4%) for anastrozole (geometric mean ratio [combination:anastrozole], 0.48; 95% CI, ≤ 0.72; P = .004). PIK3CA mutations were not predictive of response to pictilisib, but there was significant interaction between response to treatment and molecular subtype (P = .03); for patients with luminal B tumors, the combination:anastrozole geometric mean ratio of Ki-67 suppression was 0.37 (95% CI, ≤ 0.67; P = .008), whereas no significant Ki-67 response was observed for pictilisib in luminal A tumors (1.01; P = .98). Multivariable analysis confirmed Ki-67 response to the combination treatment of patients with luminal B tumors irrespective of progesterone receptor status or baseline Ki-67 expression. Conclusion Adding pictilisib to anastrozole significantly increases suppression of tumor cell proliferation in luminal B primary breast cancer.
Short Androgen Suppression and Radiation Dose Escalation for Intermediate- and High-Risk Localized Prostate Cancer: Results of EORTC Trial 22991
Authors: Bolla Michel , Maingon Philippe , Carrie Christian , Villa Salvador , Kitsios Petros , Poortmans Philip M.P. , Sundar Santhanam , van der Steen-Banasik Elzbieta M. , Armstrong John , Bosset Jean-François , Herrera Fernanda G. , Pieters Bradley , Slot Annerie , Bahl Amit , Ben-Yosef Rahamim , Boehmer Dirk , Scrase Christopher , Renard Laurette , Shash Emad , Coens Corneel , van den Bergh Alphonsus C.M. , Collette Laurence 
Published: March 2016

PurposeUp to 30% of patients who undergo radiation for intermediate- or high-risk localized prostate cancer relapse biochemically within 5 years. We assessed if biochemical disease-free survival (DFS) is improved by adding 6 months of androgen suppression (AS; two injections of every-3-months depot of luteinizing hormone–releasing hormone agonist) to primary radiotherapy (RT) for intermediate- or high-risk localized prostate cancer.Patients and MethodsA total of 819 patients staged: (1) cT1b-c, with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ≥ 10 ng/mL or Gleason ≥ 7, or (2) cT2a (International Union Against Cancer TNM 1997), with no involvement of pelvic lymph nodes and no clinical evidence of metastatic spread, with PSA ≤ 50 ng/mL, were centrally randomized 1:1 to either RT or RT plus AS started on day 1 of RT. Centers opted for one dose (70, 74, or 78 Gy). Biochemical DFS, the primary end point, was defined from entry until PSA relapse (Phoenix criteria) and clinical relapse by imaging or death of any cause. The trial had 80% power to detect hazard ratio (HR), 0.714 by intent-to-treat analysis stratified by dose of RT at the two-sided α = 5%.ResultsThe median patient age was 70 years. Among patients, 74.8% were intermediate risk and 24.8% were high risk. In the RT arm, 407 of 409 patients received RT; in the RT plus AS arm, 403 patients received RT plus AS and three patients received RT only. At 7.2 years median follow-up, RT plus AS significantly improved biochemical DFS (HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.66; P < .001, with 319 events), as well as clinical progression-free survival (205 events, HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.84; P = .001). In exploratory analysis, no statistically significant interaction between treatment effect and dose of RT could be evidenced (heterogeneity P = .79 and P = .66, for biochemical DFS and progression-free survival, respectively). Overall survival data are not mature yet.ConclusionSix months of concomitant and adjuvant AS improves biochemical and clinical DFS of intermediate- and high-risk cT1b-c to cT2a (with no involvement of pelvic lymph nodes and no clinical evidence of metastatic spread) prostatic carcinoma, treated by radiation.
International Myeloma Working Group Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Management of Myeloma-Related Renal Impairment
Authors: Dimopoulos Meletios A. , Sonneveld Pieter , Leung Nelson , Merlini Giampaolo , Ludwig Heinz , Kastritis Efstathios , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Joshua Douglas , Orlowski Robert Z. , Powles Raymond , Vesole David H. , Garderet Laurent , Einsele Hermann , Palumbo Antonio , Cavo Michele , Richardson Paul G. , Moreau Philippe , San Miguel Jesús , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Durie Brian G.M. , Terpos Evangelos 
Published: March 2016

PurposeThe aim of the International Myeloma Working Group was to develop practical recommendations for the diagnosis and management of multiple myeloma–related renal impairment (RI).MethodsRecommendations were based on published data through December 2015, and were developed using the system developed by the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation Working Group.RecommendationsAll patients with myeloma at diagnosis and at disease assessment should have serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and electrolytes measurements as well as free light chain, if available, and urine electrophoresis of a sample from a 24-hour urine collection (grade A). The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration, preferably, or the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula should be used for the evaluation of estimated glomerular filtration rate in patients with stabilized serum creatinine (grade A). International Myeloma Working Group criteria for renal reversibility should be used (grade B). For the management of RI in patients with multiple myeloma, high fluid intake is indicated along with antimyeloma therapy (grade B). The use of high-cutoff hemodialysis membranes in combination with antimyeloma therapy can be considered (grade B). Bortezomib-based regimens remain the cornerstone of the management of myeloma-related RI (grade A). High-dose dexamethasone should be administered at least for the first month of therapy (grade B). Thalidomide is effective in patients with myeloma with RI, and no dose modifications are needed (grade B). Lenalidomide is effective and safe, mainly in patients with mild to moderate RI (grade B); for patients with severe RI or on dialysis, lenalidomide should be given with close monitoring for hematologic toxicity (grade B) with dose reduction as needed. High-dose therapy with autologous stem cell transplantation (with melphalan 100 mg/m2to 140 mg/m2) is feasible in patients with RI (grade C). Carfilzomib can be safely administered to patients with creatinine clearance > 15 mL/min, whereas ixazomib in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone can be safely administered to patients with creatinine clearance > 30 mL/min (grade A).
EFFECTIVENESS IN APPLICATION OF FILM-FORMING MATERIALS IN ABRASIVE DISKS
Authors: Бутенко Виктор , Butenko Viktor , Гусакова Лиана , Gusakova Liana 
Published: March 2016

A basic problem in current mechanical engineering consists in manufacturing long-lived, reliable and competitive products. One of factors meeting these requirements is manufacturing parts with high servicing characteristics. In spite of that today there is a large number of various methods for product finishing the routine method in our country and abroad is an abrasion, and, in particular - grinding.
As a result of theoretical and experimental re-searches carried out there is solved a significant scien-tific problem having a considerable production and economical importance for an engineering technique there are developed and investigated methods for effectiveness increase in grinding part surfaces made of highalloy and heatresistant materials through changes in design and structure of abrasive tools.
For the first time theoretically and experimentally there was proved a possibility of use chromium diiodide in the composition of mass for abrasive tool manufacturing with the aid of which films are formed ensuring lowering the temperature by 20-30 % in the area of grinding.
CLASSIFICATION OF “ELE CTRIC DRIVE – STOP VALVE” SYSTEMS FROM POSITION OF ENERGY SOURCE USED FOR “OPEN-CLOSED” CYCLE CARRYING OUT
Authors: Плахотникова Е. , Plakhotnikova E. 
Published: March 2016

The common purpose of investigation – development of theory and methods of open-closed” systems design.
The investigation problems: development of criteria for the functional compatibility of an electric drive and stop valve within the limits of a system, the classification of “electric drive –stop valve” systems from the position of energy sources used, that allows increasing a technical effectiveness, competitiveness of domestic produce and defining the ways for the realization of the priority trend of the RF in the field of import substitution.
The paper is a generalization of theoretical and practical investigations of the author directed to the development of a complex approach to the design of “electric drive – stop drive” systems. The paper reposts theoretical prerequisites for the introduction of a new scientific classification of “electric drive-stop valve” systems from the position of energy types used for the realization of the “open-closed” working cycle. Basic classification variants of systems, signs of transition of one system into other, system properties within the limits of the classification offered are shown.