bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expanding boundaries: Nongovernmental organizations as supply chain members
Authors: Hyatt David G. , Johnson Jonathan L. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Using a social movement perspective, we propose a framework that includes nonprofit actors as members of supply chains in a context that we call sustainable supply chain facilitation, particularly within multi-stakeholder supply chain sustainability initiatives. In this framework, certain nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) work alongside other supply chain firms, going beyond technical roles to serve as coordinators, conveners, organizers, brokers, and negotiators who facilitate multiparty agreement on sustainability issues within and across supply chains. We describe a set of roles consisting of third-party facilitators (3PF), fourth-party facilitators (4PF), and fifth-party facilitators (5PF) serving in increasingly strategic roles with increasing numbers of actors, and with increasing potential for co-creation of value in global supply chains. Reframing nongovernmental organizations as members of supply chains instead of outsiders provides a dramatically different perspective. This explicit acknowledgement of membership can help business and NGO managers to rethink their own roles and motivations and to find collaborative solutions in the steady transition to more sustainable supply chains.
National Agenda for Policy-oriented Research
Authors:   IPS National Academic Council
Published: March 2016

As the country moves ahead steadily after the 2013 elections, certain key issues confronting the nation should be on the priority of think-tanks and research organizations with an aim to present policy-oriented advice. Preserving the national sovereignty and freedom are paramount. Governance, or lack of it - running through and along most of our problems of today - must assume a priority attention. Challenges of external and internal security, a renewed foreign policy centered on safeguarding the country's own interest and further cementing the relations with friendly countries are also priority areas. Among the national issues the reorganization of the federal structure, education, economy, energy and water problems and their various dynamics should be central focus of research.
The National Academic Council (NAC) of the Institute of Policy Studies (IPS), Islamabad meets every year to identify priority areas for IPS' annual research program. The annual session of council brings together senior academicians, intellectuals, former civil and military bureaucrats and leading intellectual-politicians. This write up is based on the council's deliberations for 2013. The ideas and priorities set forth the context and agenda for research in the policy arena and are equally relevant for other organizations in the same field, independent researchers, faculty and students of universities and institutions of higher learning, as well as media.
The United Nations and the Peace Movement
Authors: Unto Vesa  
Published: March 2016

The interaction and cooperation between United Nations and the peace movements world over have grown steadily. Much of it is done at the UN arms such as UNESCO, ECOSOC, UNIDA and UNIDIR. United Nations is an organization of sovereign states, while peace movements are part of civil society. Certain problems and challenges in the relationship between the UN and peace movement are necessarily of a permanent nature, producing pressure and tensions. Peace movements can well support the UN and regard it as the most important peace organization, but at the same time their legitimate task is to exert constant pressure.
Revised version of a paper presented in the 25th IPRA General Conference “Uniting for Peace”, Security and Disarmament Commission, Istanbul, 11–15 August, 2014
Political Stability and Security Challenges in Afghanistan
Authors: Khalid Rahman  
Published: March 2016

While the present dispensation in Kabul can be regarded as relatively more stable than the regimes in recent pre-2001 period, a number of challenges — security, political and socio-economic — continue to persist. The Afghan National Army and other law enforcing agencies find it hard to fend off the continuously increasing and assertive strength of resistance forces. Talks between the representatives of Kabul government and the resistance forces have been reinitiated in Qatar but the outcome and future course remains too little to talk about. Their contacts can only be regarded as ‘talks about talks’ for complete withdrawal of foreign troops and the positions on Constitution among the major issues on the road to a possible yet hard-to-achieve negotiated settlement. Economy and quality of life are far from satisfactory and are actually in danger of further deterioration. If a negotiated and peaceful settlement is desired, then both the sides will have to soften their stances to an extent. The role of regional countries as well as the UN — not really in the lead so far — will assume a critical significance.
This is a revised and updated version of the paper presented in international symposium on “The Situation in Afghanistan after NATO's Withdrawal”, held in Istanbul under the auspices of South Asia Strategic Research Center on May 5–7, 2015.
Innovation and its obstacles in Tanzania’s Bongowood
Authors: Overbergh Ann 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
This article analyses selected ‘forces for change’ in contemporary Bongowood: Tanzania’s Dar es Salaam-based popular cinema industry. It focuses on cases embedded in what I term ‘core Bongowood’: the production and distribution of Swahili-language movies, produced on low budgets, released on DVD and targeted at local (Tanzanian, and by extension Swahili-speaking) audiences. The ‘forces for change’ discussed are individuals or organizations in the industry, working to influence or alter it. The change they aim for can be creative in kind, i.e. related to the movies produced, or it can be related to Bongowood’s value chain and inherent power relations. These organizations and individuals face several obstacles, most of them related to characteristics of the industry itself: a quasi-monopoly perpetuating an established imbalance of power, protected and reproduced by the most powerful players in it.
Mapa populacional de freguesias rurais do Rio de Janeiro. O distrito de Guaratiba em 1797.
Authors: Machado Ana Paula Souza Rodrigues 
Published: March 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar os dados demográficos de um mapa populacional, realizado em 1797, no distrito de Guaratiba, Rio de Janeiro. Buscamos apreender as características dos chefes de domicílio, tais como: gênero, cor, suas residências, posse de escravos e número de dependentes. Procuramos também analisar a estrutura da posse de cativos de forma geral e a utilização da mão de obra escrava nas diversas residências e atividades produtivas da região. Deste modo, demonstramos que o uso da demografia, enquanto ferramenta metodológica para o historiador, torna-se fundamental para o melhor conhecimento do seu objeto de pesquisa.
Elementary school students’ perceptions about nature of scientific knowledge and some pseudoscientific ideas
Authors: Bezir Akçay Behiye , Usta Gezer Seda , Kiras Burak 
Published: March 2016

In early childhood, people develop some beliefs that can affect the whole lives. Developing pseudoscientific beliefs can cause differences on child’s nature of scientific knowledge. Giving importance on prevent gaining pseudoscientific knowledge may help qualified lifelong learning abilities. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the elementary school students’ nature of scientific knowledge and views about some common pseudoscientific ideas. Also some variables’ impacts on data collection tool scores were searched, too. The study was conducted on 2014-2015 educational year with 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th grade elementary school students. In the study, Nature of Scientific Knowledge Scale (NSKS) and eight statements were used to collect data. The aim of these eight statements was to figure out students’ pseudoscientific ideas about evolution and nature of science. SPSS 20.00 programme was used to analyze data. It was found that girls’ total scale scores were found higher than boys’ total scores. Girls’ amoral, parsimonious, testable and unified sub-dimension scores were also found higher than boys’ scores. 7th grade students showed higher total scale scores than the other grade students. Also, it was seen that 7th grade students have more sophisticated knowledge about evolution than the nature of science features. At the end of the study the findings were discussed according to literature and some suggestions were given.
Effect of Boswellia serrata Dietary Supplementation on Growth Performance, Gastrointestinal Microflora, and Morphology of Broilers
Authors: Kiczorowska Bożena , Samolińska Wioletta , Al-Yasiry Ali Ridha Mustafa , Kowalczyk-Pecka Danuta 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The study aimed to determine the effect of three different levels of Boswellia serrata resin added to broiler diets on the fundamental production parameters, dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, energy digestibility, microbiological condition of the gastrointestinal tract, and histomorphology of the walls of the small intestine. Two hundred Ross 308 chicks were assigned into 4 groups (50 birds of equal body weight) in 5 replications of 10 chicks each (5 females and 5 males). The experiment lasted 6 weeks. The control group (B0) was fed a standard mixture, without supplementation, whereas in groups B1.5, B2, and B2.5, the Boswellia serrata resin was added at the levels of 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5% of the complete feed mixture, respectively. The dietary supplementation with 2.0 and 2.5% of Boswellia serrata resin contributed to a significant increase in the length of the duodenum and total intestine and in the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter in feed. In these groups, the values of FCR and EEI were positively influenced (P<0.05) and an improvement in the structure of the jejunal wall was also recorded (P<0.05). An increase in the count of Lactobacillus and Enterococcus in the intestinal contents in broilers fed with the Boswellia serrata resin supplemented diets was observed. In conclusion, the Boswellia serrata resin can be considered as an effective feed additive, which stimulates production and has a positive effect on intestinal microflora and morphology of broilers.
The effect of increasing amitriptyline doses on cardiomyocytes’ electrophysiology – simulation study
Authors: Tylutki Zofia , Jornil Jakob , Polak Sebastian 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Background: Overdoses of tricyclic antidepressants may lead to arrhythmia. The aim of the study was to simulate the effect of increasing concentrations of amitriptyline (AMI) and its metabolite, nortriptyline, on the action potential of human ventricular cell.

Methods: Simulations were performed in Cardiac Safety Simulator platform with the use of the O’Hara-Rudy model. Input data included literature-derived, drug-specific IC50 values for ICa(L), IKr, and INa currents. Individual concentrations of AMI and nortriptyline were simulated in Simcyp. Nine single doses (mg) were tested: 5, 10, 50, 100, 300, 500, 1000, 5000, and 10,000.

Results: The values of simulated endpoints (APD50, APD90, triangulation, and ΔAPD90) increase with drug concentrations. ΔAPD90 was statistically significant for doses up from 1000 mg. EADs were observed after administration of 10,000-mg AMI.

Conclusions: The consequences of various doses of AMI on the single cardiac myocytes were simulated in our study. Repolarization abnormalities were not expected for the therapeutic doses. EADs may be observed for very high doses of AMI.
Military Mail Radio
Authors: Bîlbîie Răduţ 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Cultural and scientific personalities from the army, military experts and creators of the doctrine have collaborated with the radio from the beginnings of radiophony, the educational role of this new, persuasive communication channel being evident not only for Romania or the Romanian army but also for all the countries that had radiophony services. This happens in the context of the end of the crisis and the start of economic and social development, promoting culture, creating a solid class of peasants with a certain social status, in villages, together with the priest, teacher and gendarme, increasing of the number of subscriptions and development of the Romanian radiophony.
The radio has been used as a means of persuasion of the population for the war effort through broadcasts intended for pre-military boys, then for the entire population or soldiers. Operational means of connecting military and their families, an effective tool in maintaining a good morale of the troops and a satisfactory state of mind of the population with relatives in theatres of operations, Poșta militară radio has proven effectiveness through millions of letters sent along its four years of existence.
It Application Modules Like “Must Have” for Business Start-Ups
Authors: Cristescu Marian Pompiliu , Tileagă Cosmin 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In this paper there are presented the main modules of some applications that represent the future of IT for start-up businesses, depending on what is essential, compulsory and important for this type of businesses. IT applications modules, described in the following paper, definitely belong to the IT department of any new business. The basic applications that any company obligatory needs are: office software, financial-accounting applications, online banking and so on. Only in exceptional cases, the giving up of certain modules, which are specific to “must have” applications, should be taken into account, such as certain marketing activities on the internet. In this paper the word, “start-up” does not refer to “start-ups” in IT. This paper is about those people who want to start a business, those who are at the beginning and have nothing to do with the IT sphere.
Vulnerabilities of Employment Levels in Contemporary Society of Romania
Authors: Şerb Diana Elena , Cicioc Camelia 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The employment level vulnerability - a subject of interest to specialists, and also lately there is an increasing attention of European organizations in this regard by means of directives and regulations .Vulnerable groups are groups without support. The main groups with a higher risk of being affected by some form of exclusion from the labor market are young people, women, the disabled, the elderly, roma people, rural population. In our country one of the characteristics of democracy is that men and women are equal in rights. Young people are exposed to an endogenous risk that reflects their inexperience and also to exogenous risks related to the fields they’re frequently working in. The purpose of this article is to show that the forms of vulnerability generate economic and social imbalances in both the individual and the country. The working hypothesis of this article is that young people and women are the groups most exposed to vulnerability, and this also influences the employment levels.
Mediated and moderated effects of personalized political communication on political trust
Authors: Otto Lukas , Maier Michaela 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAlthough most scholars agree that media exposure affects political trust, it is unclear which kind of media contents do so and how these effects come about. Personalized media coverage is especially suspected of having negative effects on political trust. In our study, we empirically analyze the relationship between exposure to personalized media contents, general trust, trust in journalistic assessment and trust in politicians using a model of moderated mediation. This model is tested in an online experiment exposing subjects to media stimuli which portray political actors in an unpersonalized, an individualized or a privatized way. Results indicate that only privatized media coverage causes negative effects on trust in politicians. However, recipients with low levels of general trust are not affected by either treatment, while subjects with high general trust levels lose trust in politicians when being exposed to privatized contents. Moreover, effects of privatized stimuli are mediated by trust in journalistic assessment, indicating a spiral of mistrust towards public institutions.
The forgotten actor in media ownership debates: Audiences and their knowledge of media ownership in Flanders
Authors: Van den Bulck Hilde , Panis Koen , Raeijmaekers Daniëlle , Maeseele Pieter 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe characteristics and scope of media concentration are of great concern to media and communication studies, especially in relation to media diversity and pluralism, considered key in democratic societies. However, to date, there have been few analyses of audiences’ knowledge of media ownership. This contribution explores knowledge of media ownership structures, and how it relates to media use and socio-demographics amongst a representative online sample of the Flemish population (
Symmetric differentials and variations of Hodge structures
Authors: Brunebarbe Yohan 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Let D be a simple normal crossing divisor in a smooth complex projective variety X. We show that the existence on

X
-
D

X-D

of a non-trivial polarized complex variation of Hodge structures with integral monodromy implies that the pair

(
X
,
D
)

(X,D)

has a non-zero logarithmic symmetric differential (a section of a symmetric power of the logarithmic cotangent bundle). When the corresponding period map is generically immersive, we show more precisely that the logarithmic cotangent bundle is big.
Clinical Investigations. T-Lymphocyte Subset Absolute Counts in the Peripheral Blood of Mediterranean Spotted Fever Patients: Relations to Disease Severity / Абсолютное Количество Субпопуляций Т-Лимфоцитов В Перифери- Ческой Крови Пациентов Со Средиземноморской Пятнистой Лихо- Радкой: Установление Связи С Тяжестью Заболевания
Authors: Baltadzhiev Ivan G. , Pavlov Pavel I. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractINTRODUCTION: Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF) in Bulgaria is caused by Rickettsia conorii conorii. Aim: This study aims at investigating the absolute counts of T-lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of patients with MSF in order to establish relationships with disease severity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The absolute counts of T-lymphocyte subsets were tested in the blood of 62 patients in the acute stage of MSF. They were assigned into three age and sex matched groups, based on the severity of disease - with mild, moderate or severe forms. Controls were 32 age and sex matched healthy individuals. The diagnosis was confirmed by an immunofluorescence assay. Immunophenotyping was performed using Epics XL-MCL Coulter, USA flow-cytometer. RESULTS: The absolute counts of immune competent (CD3+) cells, as well as the counts of helper/inducer (CD3+CD4+) and suppressor/ cytotoxic (CD3+CD8+) T-cell subsets decreased in parallel with disease severity. Naïve (CD4+CD45RA+) and activated memory (CD4+CD45RO+) T-cell subsets were reduced, particularly in severe MSF. Taken as a whole, the counts of activated (CD3+HLA-DR+) and that of presenting accessory (CD28+) or stimulatory (CD38+) molecules Т-cell subsets was increased, but in the first two subsets the trend from mild to severe forms of the disease was descending. CONCLUSION: Reduced T-lymphocyte subset counts are likely related to trans-migration into perivascular inflammatory foci. The increased number of T-lymphocytes bearing activation molecules reflects a mobilization of the cell-mediated immune response. An important issue of this study is the possible prognostic value of T-cell subsets counting, predicting the evolution of a clinical condition to clinical forms, according to the disease severity.
Risk Factors for Injuries in Professional Football Players / Факторы Риска Получения Травм Профессиональными Футболистами
Authors: Haxhiu Bekim , Murtezani Ardiana , Zahiti Bedri , Shalaj Ismet , Sllamniku Sabit 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAIM: The aim of this study was to identify risk factors related to the occurrence of injuries in football players. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 216 football players from 12 teams in the elite football league. Football-related injury data were collected prospectively during the 2012/2013 competitive season. At baseline the following information was collected for the players: anthropometric measurements (weight, height, BMI, subcutaneous skinfolds), playing experience, injury history, physical fitness performance test (agility run), peak oxygen uptake. The incidence, type and severity of injuries and training and game exposure times were prospectively documented for each player. RESULTS: Most of the players (n = 155, 71.7%) sustained the injures during the study period. The overall injury incidence during the regular season was 6.3 injuries per 1000 athlete-exposures (95% confidence interval, 4.31-9.67). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that playing experience (odds ratio [OR] = 0.44; 95% CI = 0.32-0.61, p < 0.01), age (OR = 2.05; 95% CI = 1.49-2.81, p < 0.01) and a previous injury (OR = 4.4; 95% CI = 2.14-9.07, p < 0.01) were significantly correlated to increased risk of injuries. Body mass index was not associated with risk of injury. Strains (34.19%) and sprains (25.81%) were the major injury types. Twenty-seven percent of injured players were absent from football for more than 1 month, with knee injuries (25.42%) being the most severe type. CONCLUSION: The risk factors that increase injury rates in football players were previous injury, higher age and years of playing. Future research should include adequate rehabilitation program to reduce the risk of injuries.
Heat Transfer Enhancement Around a Cylinder – A CFD Study of Effect of Corner Radius and Prandtl Number
Authors: Dey Prasenjit , Das Ajoy Kumar 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
An unsteady two-dimensional laminar forced convection heat transfer around a square cylinder with rounded corner edge is numerically investigated for Prandtl Number, Pr=0.01–1,000 and non-dimensional corner radius, r=0.50–0.71 at low Reynolds number, Re=100. The effect of gradual transformation of square cylinder into circular cylinder on heat transfer phenomenon is studied. The lateral sides of the computational domain are kept constant to maintain the blockage as 5 %. A structured non-uniform mesh is used for the computational domain and the Finite Volume Method (FVM) based commercial software Ansys FLUENT is used for numerical simulation. The heat transfer characteristics over the rounded corner square cylinder are analyzed with the isotherm patterns, local Nusselt number (Nulocal), average Nusselt number (Nuavg) at various Pr and various corner radii. It is found that the heat transfer rate of a circular cylinder can be enhanced 14 % by introducing a new cylinder geometry of corner radius, r=0. 51.
А Меаsuring Method for Gyro-Free Determination of the Parameters of Moving Objects
Authors: Dichev Dimitar , Koev Hristofor , Bakalova Totka , Louda Petr 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The paper presents a new method for building measuring instruments and systems for gyro-free determination of the parameters of moving objects. To illustrate the qualities of this method, a system for measuring the roll, pitch, heel and trim of a ship has been developed on its basis. The main concept of the method is based, on one hand, on a simplified design of the base coordinate system in the main measurement channel so as to reduce the instrumental errors, and, on the other hand, on an additional measurement channel operating in parallel with the main one and whose hardware and software platform makes possible performing algorithms intended to eliminate the dynamic error in real time. In this way, as well as by using suitable adaptive algorithms in the measurement procedures, low-cost measuring systems operating with high accuracy under conditions of inertial effects and whose parameters (intensity and frequency of the maximum in the spectrum) change within a wide range can be implemented.