bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between mobility, violence and major depression among female sex workers: a cross-sectional study in southern India
Authors: Patel Sangram Kishor , Ganju Deepika , Prabhakar Parimi , Adhikary Rajatashuvra 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundThe relationship between mobility, violence and mental health has largely been unexplored in developing countries. This study screens for signs of major depression, and assesses its association with mobility and violence among female sex workers (FSWs) in southern India.MethodsData (N=2400) for this study were used from a cross-sectional Behavioral Tracking Survey (BTS-2014) conducted among FSWs from a southern state of India as part of the Avahan programme. Major depression of FSWs was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 depression scale. Descriptive statistics, frequency, bivariate, interaction effect and multivariate logistic regression techniques were used for the analysis.ResultsMore than one-fourth of FSWs (29%) screened positive for major depression. The likelihood of screening positive for major depression was 6 times higher among FSWs who were both mobile for sex work outside their district of residence and had experienced any violence (combined association) during the past 1 year (62% vs 19%, adjusted OR 6.1, 95% CI 4.4 to 8.6) compared with those who reported neither. The individual association results show that FSWs who reported being mobile outside the district, and FSWs who were beaten or raped in the past 1 year, were 3 times more likely to screen positive for major depression.ConclusionsThe findings indicate that violence and mobility are independently associated with major depression among FSWs. The combined association of mobility and violence poses a greater risk to the mental health of FSWs than their independent association. These results point to the need for creating an enabling environment for FSWs to enhance existing efforts to reduce the spread of HIV and mental health problems. The study highlights that HIV prevention efforts among FSWs in India require evidence-based research and integrated programme approaches to address mental health issues.
Measurement of the severity of disability in community-dwelling adults and older adults: interval-level measures for accurate comparisons in large survey data sets
Authors: Buz José , Cortés-Rodríguez María 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesTo (1) create a single metric of disability using Rasch modelling to be used for comparing disability severity levels across groups and countries, (2) test whether the interval-level measures were invariant across countries, sociodemographic and health variables and (3) examine the gains in precision using interval-level measures relative to ordinal scores when discriminating between groups known to differ in disability.DesignCross-sectional, population-based study.Setting/participantsData were drawn from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), including comparable data across 16 countries and involving 58 489 community-dwelling adults aged 50+.Main outcome measuresA single metric of disability composed of self-care and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) and functional limitations. We examined the construct validity through the fit to the Rasch model and the know-groups method. Reliability was examined using person separation reliability.ResultsThe single metric fulfilled the requirements of a strong hierarchical scale; was able to separate persons with different levels of disability; demonstrated invariance of the item hierarchy across countries; and was unbiased by age, gender and different health conditions. However, we found a blurred hierarchy of ADL and IADL tasks. Rasch-based measures yielded gains in relative precision (11–116%) in discriminating between groups with different medical conditions.ConclusionsEqual-interval measures, with person-invariance and item-invariance properties, provide epidemiologists and researchers with the opportunity to gain better insight into the hierarchical structure of functional disability, and yield more reliable and accurate estimates of disability across groups and countries. Interval-level measures of disability allow parametric statistical analysis to confidently examine the relationship between disability and continuous measures so frequent in health sciences (eg, cholesterol, blood pressure, C reactive protein).
Trustworthy patient decision aids: a qualitative analysis addressing the risk of competing interests
Authors: Elwyn Glyn , Dannenberg Michelle , Blaine Arianna , Poddar Urbashi , Durand Marie-Anne 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveOur aim in this study was to examine the competing interest policies and procedures of organisations who develop and maintain patient decision aids.DesignDescriptive and thematic analysis of data collected from a cross-sectional survey of patient decision aid developer's competing interest policies and disclosure forms.ResultsWe contacted 25 organisations likely to meet the inclusion criteria. 12 eligible organisations provided data. 11 organisations did not reply and 2 declined to participate. Most patient decision aid developers recognise the need to consider the issue of competing interests. Assessment processes vary widely and, for the most part, are insufficiently robust to minimise the risk of competing interests. Only half of the 12 organisations had competing interest policies. Some considered disclosure to be sufficient, while others imposed differing levels of exclusion.ConclusionsPatient decision aid developers do not have a consistent approach to managing competing interests. Some have developed policies and procedures, while others pay no attention to the issue. As is the case for clinical practice guidelines, increasing attention will need to be given to how the competing interests of contributors of evidence-based publications may influence materials, especially if they are designed for patient use.
Real-life chromoendoscopy for neoplasia detection and characterisation in long-standing IBD
Authors: Carballal Sabela , Maisterra Sandra , López-Serrano Antonio , Gimeno-García Antonio Z , Vera María Isabel , Marín-Garbriel José Carlos , Díaz-Tasende José , Márquez Lucía , Álvarez Marco Antonio , Hernández Luis , De Castro Luisa , Gordillo Jordi , Puig Ignasi , Vega Pablo , Bustamante-Balén Marco , Acevedo Juan , Peñas Beatriz , López-Cerón María , Ricart Elena , Cuatrecasas Miriam , Jimeno Mireya , Pellisé María 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveOutside clinical trials, the effectiveness of chromoendoscopy (CE) for long-standing IBD surveillance is controversial. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of CE for neoplasia detection and characterisation, in real-life.DesignFrom June 2012 to 2014, patients with IBD were prospectively included in a multicentre cohort study. Each colonic segment was evaluated with white light followed by 0.4% indigo carmine CE. Specific lesions' features were recorded. Optical diagnosis was assessed. Dysplasia detection rate between expert and non-expert endoscopists and learning curve were ascertained.ResultsNinety-four (15.7%) dysplastic (1 cancer, 5 high-grade dysplasia, 88 low-grade dysplasia) and 503 (84.3%) non-dysplastic lesions were detected in 350 patients (47% female; mean disease duration: 17 years). Colonoscopies were performed with standard definition (41.5%) or high definition (58.5%). Dysplasia miss rate with white light was 40/94 (57.4% incremental yield for CE). CE-incremental detection yield for dysplasia was comparable between standard definition and high definition (51.5% vs 52.3%, p=0.30). Dysplasia detection rate was comparable between expert and non-expert (18.5% vs 13.1%, p=0.20). No significant learning curve was observed (8.2% vs 14.2%, p=0.46). Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for dysplasia optical diagnosis were 70%, 90%, 58% and 94%, respectively. Endoscopic characteristics predictive of dysplasia were: proximal location, loss of innominate lines, polypoid morphology and Kudo pit pattern III–V.ConclusionsCE presents a high diagnostic yield for neoplasia detection, irrespectively of the technology and experience available in any centre. In vivo, CE optical diagnosis is highly accurate for ruling out dysplasia, especially in expert hands. Lesion characteristics can aid the endoscopist for in situ therapeutic decisions.Trial registration numberNCT02543762.
The cost-effectiveness of bike lanes in New York City
Authors: Gu Jing , Mohit Babak , Muennig Peter Alexander 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundOur objective is to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of investments in bike lanes using New York City's (NYC) fiscal year 2015 investment as a case study. We also provide a generalizable model, so that localities can estimate their return on bike lane investments.Methods and findingsWe evaluate the cost-effectiveness of bike lane construction using a two-stage model. Our regression analysis, to estimate the marginal addition of lane miles on the expansion in bike ridership, reveals that the 45.5 miles of bike lanes NYC constructed in 2015 at a cost of $8 109 511.47 may increase the probability of riding bikes by 9.32%. In the second stage, we constructed a Markov model to estimate the cost-effectiveness of bike lane construction. This model compares the status quo with the 2015 investment. We consider the reduced risk of injury and increased probability of ridership, costs associated with bike lane implementation and maintenance, and effectiveness due to physical activity and reduced pollution. We use Monte Carlo simulation and one-way sensitivity analysis to test the reliability of the base-case result. This model reveals that over the lifetime of all people in NYC, bike lane construction produces additional costs of $2.79 and gain of 0.0022 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) per person. This results in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $1297/QALY gained (95% CI −$544/QALY gained to $5038/QALY gained).ConclusionsWe conclude that investments in bicycle lanes come with an exceptionally good value because they simultaneously address multiple public health problems. Investments in bike lanes are more cost-effective than the majority of preventive approaches used today.
Clinicopathological characteristics of oestrogen receptor negative, progesterone receptor positive breast cancers: re-evaluating subsets within this group
Authors: Ahmed Syed Salahuddin , Thike Aye Aye , Zhang Kathryn , Lim Jeffrey Chun Tatt , Tan Puay Hoon 
Published: September 2016

AimsThe presence of oestrogen and progesterone receptors (ER, PR) in breast carcinoma is an important prognostic indicator as well as a predictor of likely response to hormonal treatment. Current ambiguity surrounds ER-negative (–)/PR-positive (+) breast cancer (BC) as to whether this phenotype exists as a distinct entity. The independent predictive value of PR for treatment considerations is also in question, as some investigators believe ER status to be the single most important therapeutic predictive factor in BC. We undertook this study to determine the existence of ER(–)/PR(+) BC and the prognostic effect, if any, of this phenotype.MethodsWe investigated 267 archival documented ER(–)/PR(+) BCs diagnosed between January 1994 and July 2009. Histological slides were retrieved and reviewed. Tissue microarrays were constructed by selecting two 1 mm cores of tumour per case. Repeat immunohistochemistry was performed for confirmation of the ER(–)/PR(+) status. Clinicopathological parameters including age, ethnicity, tumour size, histological grade, histological subtype, associated ductal carcinoma in situ, lymphovascular invasion and lymph node status were evaluated.ResultsOn repeat immunohistochemistry, 92 tumours were confirmed as ER(–)/PR(+) BCs. This phenotype accounted for 1.1% of all BC phenotypes and exhibited different clinicopathological features and survival outcome when compared with other phenotypes. ER(–)/PR(+) tumours showed a trend for an early recurrence and poorer overall survival as compared with the patients with ER(+)/PR(+) tumours and similar to ER(–)/PR(–) tumours.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that ER(–)/PR(+) BCs exist, although rare, with distinct pathological and clinical characteristics from patients with ER(+)/PR(+) BCs.
Tumour cell invasion into blood vessels is significantly related to breast cancer subtypes and decreased survival
Authors: Klingen Tor A , Chen Ying , Stefansson Ingunn M , Knutsvik Gøril , Collett Karin , Abrahamsen Anne L , Aase Hildegunn , Aas Hans , Aas Turid , Wik Elisabeth , Akslen Lars A 
Published: September 2016

AimsVascular invasion in breast cancer is associated with increased risk of recurrence, metastases and death from disease. However, there are few studies discriminating between blood vessel invasion (BVI) and lymphatic vessel involvement (LVI).MethodsA population-based series of 282 breast cancers was examined (200 screen-detected and 82 interval patients) with respect to BVI and LVI in addition to basic features and molecular subtypes, using CD31 and D2-40 antibodies. This series is part of the prospective Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Program.ResultsThe frequency of LVI and BVI was 25% and 15%, respectively. BVI was associated with HER2-positive and basal-like tumours, and several features of aggressive breast cancer, whereas LVI showed weaker associations. BVI was the strongest factor to predict interval cancer presentation. BVI showed significant associations with recurrence-free survival and disease-specific survival in univariate and multivariate analyses, whereas LVI was not significant.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that BVI by tumour cells is strongly associated with aggressive tumour features including a basal-like phenotype, and BVI was an independent prognostic factor in contrast to what was found for LVI.
Epidemiology of positive mental health in a national census of children at school entry
Authors: Goldfeld Sharon , Kvalsvig Amanda , Incledon Emily , O'Connor Meredith 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundUntil now, child mental health promotion efforts have focused primarily on reducing the prevalence and severity of problems; yet the absence of mental health problems does not necessarily imply the presence of healthy psychosocial functioning. We aimed to investigate the epidemiology of child mental health competence in a full national population of school entrants.MethodsThe data source was the 2012 Australian Early Development Index, a national census of early childhood development completed for school entrants by teachers across Australia (n=275 800). The mental health competence outcome measure was derived from constructs that focused on children's social and emotional strengths. Children with mental health competence scores in the top quintile were compared with the standard population across individual and community characteristics.ResultsAverage age at assessment was 5 years 7 months. Higher odds of mental health competence were observed for children who lived in more advantaged areas (OR 1.62; 99% CI 1.49 to 1.75), had attended preschool (1.38; 1.25 to 1.51) and demonstrated effective oral communication skills in the classroom (19.01; 15.62 to 23.13). Indigenous children had lower odds compared with non-Indigenous children (0.59; 0.54 to 0.64). Children in disadvantaged areas who attended preschool did not ‘catch up’ with their more advantaged peers.ConclusionsMental health competence is unequally distributed across the Australian child population at school entry and is strongly predicted by measures and correlates of disadvantage. Effective oral communication and attendance at preschool warrant further investigation as potentially modifiable factors that may support mental health competence in new school entrants.
Review of velocity models in the Faroe–Shetland Channel
Authors: Petersen Uni K. , Funck Thomas 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Over the last few decades, a number of wide-angle seismic experiments have been conducted in the Faroe–Shetland Channel area with the objective of mapping the crustal structure. However, the volcanic rocks covering most of the area present a challenge for the imaging of sub-basalt structures. The results of the seismic studies are consistent in describing the Faroe–Shetland Channel as thinned continental crust and in establishing the presence of sub-basalt sediments. However, the various datasets often show differences in depth to crystalline basement and to the Moho. This paper presents a review of the velocity models in the Faroe–Shetland Channel and analyses the differences at line intersections. Down to top basalt the models are fairly consistent, while there are deviations of up to 1 km s
−1
in basalt velocities and sub-basalt sediment velocities, 2 km in basalt thickness, 3.2 km in depth to crystalline basement, and 11.7 km in depth to the Moho.
Infraestructura científica-tecnológica en Chile: propuestas y desafíos
Authors: Jimenez Alejandro 
Published: September 2016

La infraestructura científica es clave para sostener las capacidades de I+D de los países. Es la base para adquirir nuevas ventajas competitivas y avanzar hacia una productividad basada en la innovación. Lamentablemente, en Chile hay un déficit en infraestructura y equipamiento para el desarrollo de las ciencias experimentales. El artículo plantea priorizar las inversiones en nuevos espacios para la I+D y propone una nueva infraestructura -separada de la institucionalidad universitaria- orientada a atender las necesidades de la industria y la generación de empresas de base científica.
Protective Role for TWEAK/Fn14 in Regulating Acute Intestinal Inflammation and Colitis-Associated Tumorigenesis
Authors: Di Martino Luca , Dave Maneesh , Menghini Paola , Xin Wei , Arseneau Kristen O. , Pizarro Theresa T. , Cominelli Fabio 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease causes chronic, relapsing intestinal inflammation that can lead to the development of colorectal cancer. Members of the TNF superfamily are key regulators of intestinal inflammation. In particular, TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and its receptor, Fn14, are involved in normal and pathologic intestinal tissue remodeling. In this study, we show that the TWEAK/Fn14 signaling complex plays a protective role during the acute stage of intestinal inflammation and contributes to the prevention of colitis-associated cancer during chronic inflammation through its proapoptotic effects. Colitis was induced in Fn14−/− and Fn14+/+ wild-type littermates by administering 3% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) for 7 days followed by 2-week recovery; azoxymethane (AOM) administration followed by two cycles of DSS/recovery was used to induce tumors. Reciprocal bone marrow chimeric mice were generated to compare hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic-specific effector tissues. Fn14−/− mice had enhanced susceptibility to colitis compared with Fn14+/+ controls as assessed by endoscopic and histologic inflammatory scores, daily weight loss, and mortality rates during recovery after DSS administration. Bone marrow transfer experiments showed that both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic components are involved in protection against colitis. Tumor lesions were found in the colons of most Fn14−/− mice, but not Fn14+/+ controls. AOM/DSS administration enhanced susceptibility to tumorigenesis in Fn14−/− mice. Overall, these findings show that Fn14 plays a protective role during the acute stages of intestinal inflammation, and its absence promotes the development of colitis-associated cancer. Cancer Res; 76(22); 6533–42. ©2016 AACR.
Agonistic CD40 mAb-Driven IL12 Reverses Resistance to Anti-PD1 in a T-cell–Rich Tumor
Authors: Ngiow Shin Foong , Young Arabella , Blake Stephen J. , Hill Geoffrey R. , Yagita Hideo , Teng Michele W. L. , Korman Alan J. , Smyth Mark J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe durability and efficacy of anti-human PD1 monoclonal antibodies (PD1 mAb) vary across different malignancies. Although an absence of tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic T lymphocytes has been identified as a cause for resistance to PD1 mAb, the presence of intratumor exhausted PD1hi T cells also contributes to insensitivity to this immune checkpoint therapy. In this study, we used mouse tumor models of PD1 mAb resistance that harbored PD1hi T cells and flow cytometry analysis of tumor-infiltrating leukocytes immediately post-therapy as a screening platform to identify agents that could resensitize T cells to PD1 blockade. We showed that an agonistic anti-CD40 mAb converted PD1hi T cells into PD1lo T cells, reversing phenotypic T-cell exhaustion and allowing the anti-PD1 refractory tumors to respond to anti-PD1 therapy. PD1 downmodulation by anti-CD40 mAb relied upon IL12 but not IL23, CD80/CD86/CD28, or CD70/CD27. Consistent with a role for regulatory T cells (Treg) in promoting T-cell exhaustion, we also showed that intratumor Treg presented with a less activated and attenuated suppressive phenotype, marked by reductions in CTLA4 and PD1. Similar to anti-CD40 mAb, anti-CTLA4 mAb also lowered intratumor T-cell PD1 expression. Our study provides a proof-of-principle framework to systematically identify immune conditioning agents able to convert PD1hi T cells to PD1lo T cells, with clinical implications in the management of anti-PD1 refractory patients. Cancer Res; 76(21); 6266–77. ©2016 AACR.
Age‐Dependent Predictive Value of Endothelial Dysfunction for Arrhythmia Recurrence Following Pulmonary Vein Isolation
Authors: Matsuzawa Yasushi , Suleiman Mahmoud , Guddeti Raviteja R. , Kwon Taek‐Geun , Monahan Kristi H. , Lerman Lilach O. , Friedman Paul A. , Lerman Amir 
Published: September 2016

Background
The mechanisms of atrial fibrillation (AF) are highly divergent. The prevalence of AF increases significantly with age, and underling mechanisms might vary with age. Endothelial dysfunction may be associated with AF and atrial arrhythmia recurrence after catheter ablation. We tested the hypothesis that the impact of endothelial dysfunction on arrhythmia recurrence following catheter ablation is age dependent.

Methods and Results

This study enrolled 92 participants with AF undergoing catheter ablation. Endothelial function was assessed by peripheral arterial tonometry before ablation, and the natural logarithmic transformation of reactive hyperemia index was calculated. Endothelial dysfunction was defined as a natural logarithmic transformation of reactive hyperemia index <0.618 (median). Participants were followed for atrial tachycardia, flutter, and fibrillation recurrence for a median of 14 months. The mean age was 57±10 years. There was significant interaction between age and endothelial dysfunction in association with recurrence of AF (
P
=0.029) and any atrial arrhythmia (
P
=0.015), and the risk associated with endothelial dysfunction for arrhythmia recurrence was higher in younger versus older participants. Participants were divided into 2 age groups at a threshold of 60 years. Among participants aged ≤60 years, multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed the independent association between endothelial dysfunction and increased risk of arrhythmia recurrence (hazard ratio for AF 4.18 [95% CI 1.33–15.82],
P
=0.014, and for any atrial arrhythmia 3.62 [95% CI 1.29–11.81],
P
=0.014). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that participants with endothelial dysfunction had significantly higher rates of recurrence of AF (
P
=0.01) and any atrial arrhythmia (
P
=0.002).

Conclusions
The risk associated with endothelial dysfunction for arrhythmia recurrence following catheter ablation was age dependent and was higher in younger participants.