bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bromocriptine treatment at the end of lactation prevents hyperphagia, higher visceral fat and liver triglycerides in early‐weaned rats at adulthood
Authors: Peixoto‐Silva Nayara , Moura Egberto G , Carvalho Janaine C , Nobre Jéssica L , Quitete Fernanda T , Pinheiro Cintia R , Santos‐Silva Ana Paula , de Oliveira Elaine , Lisboa Patricia C 
Published: January 2017

SummaryNon‐pharmacological early weaning (NPEW) leads offspring to obesity, higher liver oxidative stress and microsteatosis in adulthood. Pharmacological EW (PEW) by maternal treatment with bromocriptine (BRO) causes obesity in the adult progeny but precludes hepatic injury. To test the hypothesis that BRO prevents the deleterious changes of NPEW, we injected BRO into the pups from the NPEW model in late lactation. Lactating rats were divided into two groups: dams with an adhesive bandage around the body to prevent breastfeeding on the last 3 days of lactation and dams whose pups had free suckling (C). Offspring from both groups were subdivided into two groups: pups treated with BRO (intraperitoneal (i.p.) 4 mg/kg per day) on the last 3 days of lactation (NPEW/BRO and C/BRO) or pups treated with the vehicle (NPEW and C). At PN120, offspring were challenged with a high fat diet (HFD), and food intake was recorded after 30 minutes and 12 hours. Rats were killed at PN120 and PN200. At PN120, adipocyte size was greater in the NPEW group but was normal in the NPEW/BRO group. At PN200, the NPEW group presented hyperphagia, higher adiposity, adipocyte hypertrophy, hyperleptinaemia, glucose intolerance and increased hepatic triglycerides. These parameters were normalized in the NPEW/BRO group. In the feeding test, BRO groups showed lower HFD intake at 30 minutes than did their controls; however, at 12 hours, the NPEW group ate more HFD. The treatment with BRO can preclude some deleterious effects of the NPEW model, which prevented the development of overweight and its comorbidities.
Information Asymmetries in the Hiring Process and the Risk of New Leader Dismissal: Insights from English Premier League Soccer Organizations
Authors: Desai Malay N. , Lockett Andy , Paton David 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWhy are some new leaders dismissed more quickly than others? Adopting agency theory logic, the authors examine how different succession contexts shape boards’ information asymmetries about a potential candidate's competencies in the hiring process, which influences the propensity of making poor hiring decisions and hence the risk of new leader dismissal. Employing duration analysis on a sample of 164 newly appointed leaders in the English premier league (1996–2014), the authors find that the risk of new leader dismissal is: (i) greater when the predecessor leader's exit was initiated by them rather than by the board; (ii) greater when following a longer‐tenured predecessor; and (iii) lower for outside successions compared with inside successions.
Prediction of effective RNA interference targets and pathway‐related genes in lepidopteran insects by RNA sequencing analysis
Authors: Guan Ruo‐Bing , Li Hai‐Chao , Miao Xue‐Xia 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWhen using RNA interference (RNAi) to study gene functions in Lepidoptera insects, we discovered that some genes could not be suppressed; instead, their expression levels could be up‐regulated by double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA). To predict which genes could be easily silenced, we treated the Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis) with dsGFP (green fluorescent protein) and dsMLP (muscle lim protein). A transcriptome sequence analysis was conducted using the cDNAs 6 h after treatment with dsRNA. The results indicated that 160 genes were up‐regulated and 44 genes were down‐regulated by the two dsRNAs. Then, 50 co‐up‐regulated, 25 co‐down‐regulated and 43 unaffected genes were selected to determine their RNAi responses. All the 25 down‐regulated genes were knocked down by their corresponding dsRNA. However, several of the up‐regulated and unaffected genes were up‐regulated when treated with their corresponding dsRNAs instead of being knocked down. The genes up‐regulated by the dsGFP treatment may be involved in insect immune responses or the RNAi pathway. When the immune‐related genes were excluded, only seven genes were induced by dsGFP, including ago‐2 and dicer‐2. These results not only provide a reference for efficient RNAi target predications, but also provide some potential RNAi pathway‐related genes for further study.
Allergen immunotherapy for IgE‐mediated food allergy: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Nurmatov U. , Dhami S. , Arasi S. , Pajno G. B. , Fernandez‐Rivas M. , Muraro A. , Roberts G. , Akdis C. , Alvaro‐Lozano M. , Beyer K. , Bindslev‐Jensen C. , Burks W. , du Toit G. , Ebisawa M. , Eigenmann P. , Knol E. , Makela M. , Nadeau K. C. , O'Mahony L. , Papadopoulos N. , Poulsen L. K. , Sackesen C. , Sampson H. , Santos A. F. , van Ree R. , Timmermans F. , Sheikh A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) is developing Guidelines for Allergen Immunotherapy (AIT) for IgE‐mediated Food Allergy. To inform the development of clinical recommendations, we sought to critically assess evidence on the effectiveness, safety and cost‐effectiveness of AIT in the management of food allergy.MethodsWe undertook a systematic review and meta‐analysis that involved searching nine international electronic databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and nonrandomized studies (NRS). Eligible studies were independently assessed by two reviewers against predefined eligibility criteria. The quality of studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for RCTs and the Cochrane ACROBAT‐NRS tool for quasi‐RCTs. Random‐effects meta‐analyses were undertaken, with planned subgroup and sensitivity analyses.ResultsWe identified 1814 potentially relevant papers from which we selected 31 eligible studies, comprising of 25 RCTs and six NRS, studying a total of 1259 patients. Twenty‐five trials evaluated oral immunotherapy (OIT), five studies investigated sublingual immunotherapy, and one study evaluated epicutaneous immunotherapy. The majority of these studies were in children. Twenty‐seven studies assessed desensitization, and eight studies investigated sustained unresponsiveness postdiscontinuation of AIT. Meta‐analyses demonstrated a substantial benefit in terms of desensitization (risk ratio (RR) = 0.16, 95% CI 0.10, 0.26) and suggested, but did not confirm sustained unresponsiveness (RR = 0.29, 95% CI 0.08, 1.13). Only one study reported on disease‐specific quality of life (QoL), which reported no comparative results between OIT and control group. Meta‐analyses revealed that the risk of experiencing a systemic adverse reaction was higher in those receiving AIT, with a more marked increase in the risk of local adverse reactions. Sensitivity analysis excluding those studies judged to be at high risk of bias demonstrated the robustness of summary estimates of effectiveness and safety of AIT for food allergy. None of the studies reported data on health economic analyses.ConclusionsAIT may be effective in raising the threshold of reactivity to a range of foods in children with IgE‐mediated food allergy whilst receiving (i.e. desensitization) and post‐discontinuation of AIT. It is, however, associated with a modest increased risk in serious systemic adverse reactions and a substantial increase in minor local adverse reactions. More data are needed in relation to adults, long term effects, the impact on QoL and the cost‐effectiveness of AIT.
The Presentation of Self in Philanthropic Life: The Political Negotiations of the Foundation Program Officer
Authors: Kohl‐Arenas Erica 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis paper explores the negotiations of foundation program officers who aim to challenge structural inequality across regional geographies of poverty. Beyond the limits to confronting capitalist relationships of production as discussed in critical philanthropy literature, this paper shows how the professional “grantor–grantee” relationship reproduces institutional structures of power. Through the lens of Erving Goffman's “presentation of self” and data from archival and ethnographic research on immigrant and farmworker funding in California's Central Valley and recent interviews with program staff at large foundations in New York City, the paper suggests that Goffman's concepts of performance, idealization, negative idealization, and disruption expand upon a Gramscian theorization of hegemony by highlighting a micro‐sociology of power. Building consensus among greatly unequal actors and managing idealized stories about poverty and philanthropy, the foundation program officer brokers political opportunity for grassroots organizations and yet more commonly generates consent.
Classification of European beech forests: a Gordian Knot?
Authors: Willner Wolfgang , Jiménez‐Alfaro Borja , Agrillo Emiliano , Biurrun Idoia , Campos Juan Antonio , Čarni Andraž , Casella Laura , Csiky János , Ćušterevska Renata , Didukh Yakiv P. , Ewald Jörg , Jandt Ute , Jansen Florian , Kącki Zygmunt , Kavgacı Ali , Lenoir Jonathan , Marinšek Aleksander , Onyshchenko Viktor , Rodwell John S. , Schaminée Joop H.J. , Šibík Jozef , Škvorc Željko , Svenning Jens‐Christian , Tsiripidis Ioannis , Turtureanu Pavel Dan , Tzonev Rossen , Vassilev Kiril , Venanzoni Roberto , Wohlgemuth Thomas , Chytrý Milan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractQuestionsWhat are the main floristic patterns in European beech forests? Which classification at the alliance and suballiance level is the most convincing?LocationEurope and Asia Minor.MethodsWe applied a TWINSPAN classification to a data set of 24 605 relevés covering the whole range of Fagus sylvatica forests and the western part of Fagus orientalis forests. We identified 24 ‘operational phytosociological units’ (OPUs), which were used for further analysis. The position of each OPU along the soil pH and temperature gradient was evaluated using Ellenberg Indicator Values. Fidelity of species to OPUs was calculated using the phi coefficient and constancy ratio. We compared alternative alliance concepts, corresponding to groups of OPUs, in terms of number and frequency of diagnostic species. We also established formal definitions for the various alliance concepts based on comparison of the total cover of the diagnostic species groups, and evaluated alternative geographical subdivisions of beech forests.ResultsThe first and second division levels of TWINSPAN followed the temperature and soil pH gradients, while lower divisions were mainly geographical. We grouped the 22 OPUs of Fagus sylvatica forests into acidophytic, meso‐basiphytic and thermo‐basiphytic beech forests, and separated two OPUs of F. orientalis forests. However, a solution with only two ecologically defined alliances of F. sylvatica forests (acidophytic vs basiphytic) was clearly superior with regard to number and frequency of diagnostic species. In contrast, when comparing groupings with three to six geographical alliances of basiphytic beech forests, respectively, we did not find a strongly superior solution.ConclusionsWe propose to classify F. sylvatica forests into 15 suballiances – three acidophytic and 12 basiphytic ones. Separating these two groups at alliance or order level was clearly supported by our results. Concerning the grouping of the 12 basiphytic suballiances into ecological or geographical alliances, as advocated by many authors, we failed to find an optimal solution. Therefore, we propose a multi‐dimensional classification of basiphytic beech forests, including both ecological and geographical groups as equally valid concepts which may be used alternatively depending on the purpose and context of the classification.
DNA Damage Potential of Engine Emissions Measured In Vitro by Micronucleus Test in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells
Authors: Cervena Tereza , Rossnerova Andrea , Sikorova Jitka , Beranek Vit , Vojtisek‐Lom Michal , Ciganek Miroslav , Topinka Jan , Rossner Pavel 
Published: January 2017

AbstractInternal combustion engine emissions belong among the major anthropogenic sources of air pollution in urban areas. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, there is sufficient evidence of the carcinogenicity of diesel exhaust in human beings. Although alternative fuels, mainly biodiesel, have recently become popular, little is still known about the genotoxicity of emissions from these fuels. We analysed DNA damage expressed as the frequency of micronuclei (MN) in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS‐2B), induced by extractable organic matter (EOM; tested concentrations: 1, 10 and 25 μg/ml) obtained from particle emissions from various blends of biodiesel with diesel fuels (including neat diesel fuel (B0), a blend of 70% B0 and 30% biodiesel (B30) and neat biodiesel (B100)). We also tested the effect of selected diesel exhaust organic/genotoxic components [benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) concentrations: 25, 100 and 200 μM; 1‐nitropyrene (1‐NP) concentrations: 1, 5 and 10 μM; 3‐nitrobenzanthrone (3‐NBA) concentrations: 1, 5 and 50 μM]. The cells were treated with the compounds for 28 and 48 hr. Our results showed that most of the tested compounds (except for the 25 μM B[a]P, 28‐hr treatment) significantly increased MN frequency. The genotoxicity of EOMs from the engine emissions of diesel and biodiesel engines was comparable. Both nitro‐PAH compounds demonstrated higher genotoxic potential in comparison with B[a]P. Considering our results and due to increasing popularity of alternative fuels, it is prudent that the potential genotoxic effects of various fuels are investigated across engine technologies and operating conditions in a relevant model system.
A molecular roadmap of definitive erythropoiesis from human induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Razaq Muhammad A. , Taylor Stephen , Roberts David J. , Carpenter Lee 
Published: January 2017

SummaryHuman induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are being considered for use in understanding haematopoietic disorders and as a potential source of in vitro manufactured red cells. Here, we show that hiPSCs are able to recapitulate various stages of developmental erythropoiesis. We show that primitive erythroblasts arise first, express CD31+ with CD235a+, embryonic globins and red cell markers, but fail to express the hallmark red cell transcripts of adult erythropoiesis. When hiPSC‐derived CD45+ CD235a− haematopoietic progenitors are isolated on day 12 and further differentiated on OP9 stroma, they selectively express CD36+ and CD235a+, adult erythroid transcripts for transcription factors (e.g., BCL11A, KLF1) and fetal/adult globins (HBG1/2, HBB). Importantly, hiPSC‐ and cord‐derived CD36+ CD235a+ erythroblasts show a striking homology by transcriptome array profiling (only 306 transcripts with a 2Log fold change >1·5‐ or 2·8‐fold). Phenotypic and transcriptome profiling of CD45+CD117+CD235a+ pro‐erythroblasts and terminally differentiated erythroblasts is also provided, including evidence of a HbF (fetal) to HbA (adult) haemoglobin switch and enucleation, that mirrors their definitive erythroblast cord‐derived counterparts. These findings provide a molecular roadmap of developmental erythropoiesis from hiPSC sources at several critical stages, but also helps to inform on their use for clinical applications and modelling human haematopoietic disease.
Cannabinoids for treating neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Abo Youssef Nadim , Schneider Marc P. , Mordasini Livio , Ineichen Benjamin V. , Bachmann Lucas M. , Chartier‐Kastler Emmanuel , Panicker Jalesh N. , Kessler Thomas M. 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesTo review systematically all the available evidence on efficacy and safety of cannabinoids for treating neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).Patients and MethodsThe review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Studies were identified by electronic search of the Cochrane register, Embase, Medline, Scopus (last search on 11 November 2016).ResultsAfter screening 8 469 articles, we included two randomized controlled trials and one open‐label study, in which a total of 426 patients were enrolled. Cannabinoids relevantly decreased the number of incontinence episodes in all three studies. Pooling data showed the mean difference in incontinence episodes per 24 h to be −0.35 (95% confidence interval −0.46 to −0.24). Mild adverse events were frequent (38–100%), but only two patients (0.7%) reported a serious adverse event.ConclusionsPreliminary data imply that cannabinoids might be an effective and safe treatment option for NLUTD in patients with MS; however, the evidence base is poor and more high‐quality, well‐designed and adequately powered and sampled studies are urgently needed to reach definitive conclusions.
Prostate Health Index density improves detection of clinically significant prostate cancer
Authors: Tosoian Jeffrey J. , Druskin Sasha C. , Andreas Darian , Mullane Patrick , Chappidi Meera , Joo Sarah , Ghabili Kamyar , Mamawala Mufaddal , Agostino Joseph , Carter Herbert B. , Partin Alan W. , Sokoll Lori J. , Ross Ashley E. 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesTo explore the utility of Prostate Health Index (PHI) density for the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (PCa) in a contemporary cohort of men presenting for diagnostic evaluation of PCa.Patients and MethodsThe study cohort included patients with elevated prostate‐specific antigen (PSA; >2 ng/mL) and negative digital rectal examination who underwent PHI testing and prostate biopsy at our institution in 2015. Serum markers were prospectively measured per standard clinical pathway. PHI was calculated as ([{−2}proPSA/free PSA] × [PSA]½), and density calculations were performed using prostate volume as determined by transrectal ultrasonography. Logistic regression was used to assess the ability of serum markers to predict clinically significant PCa, defined as any Gleason score ≥7 cancer or Gleason score 6 cancer in >2 cores or >50% of any positive core.ResultsOf 118 men with PHI testing who underwent biopsy, 47 (39.8%) were found to have clinically significant PCa on biopsy. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) PHI density was 0.70 (0.43–1.21), and was 0.53 (0.36–0.75) in men with negative biopsy or clinically insignificant PCa and 1.21 (0.74–1.88) in men with clinically significant PCa (P < 0.001). Clinically significant PCa was detected in 3.6% of men in the first quartile of PHI density (<0.43), 36.7% of men in the IQR of PHI density (0.43–1.21), and 80.0% of men with PHI density >1.21 (P < 0.001). Using a threshold of 0.43, PHI density was 97.9% sensitive and 38.0% specific for clinically significant PCa, and 100% sensitive for Gleason score ≥7 disease. Compared with PSA (area under the curve [AUC] 0.52), PSA density (AUC 0.70), %free PSA (AUC 0.75), the product of %free PSA and prostate volume (AUC 0.79), and PHI (AUC 0.76), PHI density had the highest discriminative ability for clinically significant PCa (AUC 0.84).ConclusionsBased on the present prospective single‐centre experience, PHI density could be used to avoid 38% of unnecessary biopsies, while failing to detect only 2% of clinically significant cancers.
Effect of hypercholesterolaemia on myocardial function, ischaemia–reperfusion injury and cardioprotection by preconditioning, postconditioning and remote conditioning
Authors: Andreadou Ioanna , Iliodromitis Efstathios K , Lazou Antigone , Görbe Anikó , Giricz Zoltán , Schulz Rainer , Ferdinandy Péter 
Published: January 2017

Hypercholesterolaemia is considered to be a principle risk factor for cardiovascular disease, having direct negative effects on the myocardium itself, in addition to the development of atherosclerosis. Since hypercholesterolaemia affects the global cardiac gene expression profile, among many other factors, it results in increased myocardial oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation triggered apoptosis, all of which may account for myocardial dysfunction and increased susceptibility of the myocardium to infarction. In addition, numerous experimental and clinical studies have revealed that hyperlcholesterolaemia may interfere with the cardioprotective potential of conditioning mechanisms. Although not fully elucidated, the underlying mechanisms for the lost cardioprotection in hypercholesterolaemic animals have been reported to involve dysregulation of the endothelial NOS‐cGMP, reperfusion injury salvage kinase, peroxynitrite‐MMP2 signalling pathways, modulation of ATP‐sensitive potassium channels and apoptotic pathways. In this review article, we summarize the current knowledge on the effect of hypercholesterolaemia on the non‐ischaemic and ischaemic heart as well as on the cardioprotection induced by drugs or ischaemic preconditioning, postconditioning and remote conditioning. Future perspectives concerning the mechanisms and the design of preclinical and clinical trials are highlighted.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Redox Biology and Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.12/issuetoc
Acral and digital angioleiomyomata: 14‐year experience at the Cleveland Clinic and review of the literature
Authors: Hammond Margaret I. , Miner Andrew G. , Piliang Melissa P. 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundAngioleiomyoma is a benign neoplasm thought to derive from the tunica media of small venous vessels. Angioleiomyomata most frequently occur in the lower extremities with less common occurrences on the trunk, head and upper extremities. Few cases of acral and digital angioleiomyoma have been described in the literature.MethodsWe add a series of 21 patients with acral angioleiomyoma including 6 cases of digital angioleiomyoma to the body of clinical and histological findings along with a review of the literature of digital angioleiomyomata.ResultsDigital angioleiomyoma are equally distributed between male and female patients and are more often painful than the angioleiomyoma of all body sites. Acral angioleiomyomata favor the feet over hands at a ratio of 2.5:1, while digital angioleiomyoma favor the fingers over toes at a ratio of 4.3:1.ConclusionsWe suggest that vascular leiomyoma be included in the differential diagnosis of smooth muscle tumors with particular regard to the digits of both the hands and the feet. Digital angioleiomyomata differ from acral angioleiomyomata in their equal gender distribution, increased tendency to cause pain and preponderance for the fingers over the toes.