bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A recursive partitioning approach for subgroup identification in individual patient data meta‐analysis
Authors: Mistry Dipesh , Stallard Nigel , Underwood Martin 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundMotivated by the setting of clinical trials in low back pain, this work investigated statistical methods to identify patient subgroups for which there is a large treatment effect (treatment by subgroup interaction). Statistical tests for interaction are often underpowered. Individual patient data (IPD) meta‐analyses provide a framework with improved statistical power to investigate subgroups. However, conventional approaches to subgroup analyses applied in both a single trial setting and an IPD setting have a number of issues, one of them being that factors used to define subgroups are investigated one at a time. As individuals have multiple characteristics that may be related to response to treatment, alternative exploratory statistical methods are required.MethodsTree‐based methods are a promising alternative that systematically searches the covariate space to identify subgroups defined by multiple characteristics. A tree method in particular, SIDES, is described and extended for application in an IPD meta‐analyses setting by incorporating fixed‐effects and random‐effects models to account for between‐trial variation. The performance of the proposed extension was assessed using simulation studies. The proposed method was then applied to an IPD low back pain dataset.ResultsThe simulation studies found that the extended IPD‐SIDES method performed well in detecting subgroups especially in the presence of large between‐trial variation. The IPD‐SIDES method identified subgroups with enhanced treatment effect when applied to the low back pain data.ConclusionsThis work proposes an exploratory statistical approach for subgroup analyses applicable in any research discipline where subgroup analyses in an IPD meta‐analysis setting are of interest.
Synthesis of Amides from Aliphatic Acids and Amines by using of I2/TBHP at Room Temperature
Authors: Sirgamalla Rambabu , Kommakula Ashok , Banoth Sonyanaik , Dharavath Ravi , Adem Kurumanna , P Madhu , Boda Sakram 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA novel metal free system of I2/TBHP for coupling of anilines with various acids leading to amidation has been developed. The reaction possibly proceeds via acetic hypoiodous anhydride formation. Besides, the scope of the method was also extended to thioglycolic acid and phenoxy acetic acids. The reaction is easy to set up, involves mild conditions and proceeds efficiently over a wide range of substrates with excellent functional group tolerance.
Selective Production of γ‐Valerolactone and Valeric Acid in One‐Pot Bifunctional Metal Catalysts
Authors: Wang Anqi , Lu Yiran , Yi Zixiao , Ejaz Ashan , Hu Kang , Zhang Lin , Yan Kai 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this work, one‐pot synthesis of biofuel γ‐valerolactone (GVL) and valeric acid (VA) from biomass‐derived levulinic acid (LA) are highly selectively produced on a series of robust Pd‐nanoparticle catalysts. These fine Pd nanoparticles are controllably synthesized and confined in the mesoporous channel of MCM‐41‐derived supports via a green solvent CO2‐assited method. A combination analysis tools are used to study physical properties and elucidate the relationship between the structure and performances. The catalytic results display 5 wt% Pd/AlMCM‐41 exhibits the best performances of 88.5% GVL yield at the perfect conversion of LA. Moreover, without the isolation of GVL intermediate, it can also efficiently catalyze the one‐pot conversion of LA to VA with 45.1% yield. Besides, Pd‐nanoparticle catalysts maintain stable structure and good catalytic performances over several runs.
Core–Shell Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Hollow Spheres/Co3O4 Nanosheets as Advanced Electrode for High‐Performance Supercapacitor
Authors: Liu Tao , Zhang Liuyang , You Wei , Yu Jiaguo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCo3O4/nitrogen‐doped carbon hollow spheres (Co3O4/NHCSs) with hierarchical structures are synthesized by virtue of a hydrothermal method and subsequent calcination treatment. NHCSs, as a hard template, can aid the generation of Co3O4 nanosheets on its surface; while SiO2 spheres, as a sacrificed‐template, can be dissolved in the process. The prepared Co3O4/NHCS composites are investigated as the electrode active material. This composite exhibits an enhanced performance than Co3O4 itself. A higher specific capacitance of 581 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and a higher rate performance of 91.6% retention at 20 A g−1 are achieved, better than Co3O4 nanorods (318 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and 67.1% retention at 20 A g−1). In addition, the composite is employed as a positive electrode to fabricate an asymmetric supercapacitor. The device can deliver a high energy density of 34.5 Wh kg−1 at the power density of 753 W kg−1 and display a desirable cycling stability. All of these attractive results make the unique hierarchical Co3O4/NHCS core–shell structure a promising electrode material for high‐performance supercapacitors.
A New Insight into Cross‐Sensitivity to Humidity of SnO2 Sensor
Authors: Zhu He , Li Qiang , Ren Yang , Gao Qilong , Chen Jun , Wang Na , Deng Jinxia , Xing Xianran 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe efficiency of gas sensors varies enormously from fundamental study to practical application. This big gap comes mainly from the complex and unpredictable effect of atmospheric environment, especially in humidity. Here, the cross‐sensitivity to humidity of a SnO2 sensor from local structural and lattice evolutions is studied. The sensing response of ethanol is found to be efficiently activated by adsorbing trace of water but inhibited as humidity increases. By X‐ray diffraction, pair distribution function of synchrotron and ab initio calculations, the independent effect of water and ethanol on lattice and local structure are clearly revealed, which elucidate the intricate sensing reactions. The formation of hydrogen bonds and repulsion of ethoxides play key roles in the structural distortions, and also in adsorption energies that are critical to the sensitive behavior. The results show the sensor performance coupled with local structural evolution, which provides a new insight into the controversial effects of humidity on SnO2 sensors.
Adipose‐derived stem cells decrease cardiomyocyte damage induced by porphyromonas gingivalis endotoxin through suppressing hypertrophy, apoptosis, fibrosis, and MAPK markers
Authors: Chen Tung‐Sheng , Kuo Chia‐Hua , Battsengel Sarnai , Pan Lung‐Fa , Day Cecilia Hsuan , Shen Chia‐Yao , Chung Li‐Chin , Padma V. Vijaya , Yao Chen‐Kai , Lin Yueh‐Min , Huang Chih‐Yang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHeart failure is one of the complications related to periodontal disease. In addition to drugs or herbal medicines, stem cell therapy shows potential in the treatment of cardiomyopathy. This study investigates if stem cells exhibit beneficial effects on cardiomyocyte damage induced by porphyromonas gingivalis endotoxin (Pg‐LPS). From the experimental results we find that Pg‐LPS reduce cardiomyocyte viability via the activation of apoptosis, hypertrophy, fibrosis and MAPK signaling. Pg‐LPS damaged cardiomyocytes co‐cultured with adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSC) increases cardiomyocyte viability through suppressing the pathological markers described above. Further evidence implies that survival marker, IGF1, secreted from ADSC, may play an important role in the Pg‐LPS induced protective effect on cardiomyocyte damage.
An active‐set mixed finite element solver for a transient hydrodynamic lubrication problem in the presence of cavitation
Authors: Tber Moulay Hicham 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we study a moving free boundary problem related to the cavitation modeling in lubricated devices. More precisely, a characteristics method combined with a weak formulation in a mixed form is introduced for the Elrod‐Adams model. The formulation is suitable for the use of mixed finite element methods in the numerical approximation. It is proved that the time‐discrete problem and its finite element discretization have unique solutions. Further an efficient primal‐dual active‐set strategy is proposed to solve the resulting algebraic system. The performance of the overall algorithm is illustrated by numerical examples.
Nonoperative Management of Blunt Splenic Trauma in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: Feasibility and Outcomes
Authors: Dhillon Navpreet K. , Barmparas Galinos , Thomsen Gretchen M. , Patel Kavita A. , Linaval Nikhil T. , Gillette Emma , Margulies Daniel R. , Ley Eric J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroductionPreventing secondary insult to the brain is imperative following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Although TBI does not preclude nonoperative management (NOM) of splenic injuries, development of hypotension in this setting may be detrimental and could therefore lead trauma surgeons to a lower threshold for operative intervention and a potentially higher risk of failure of NOM (FNOM). We hypothesized that the presence of a TBI in patients with blunt splenic injury would lead to a higher risk of FNOM.MethodsPatients with blunt splenic injury were selected from the National Trauma Data Bank research datasets from 2007 to 2011. TBI was defined as AIS head ≥ 3 and FNOM as patients who underwent a spleen‐related operation after 2 h from admission. TBI patients were compared to those without head injury. The primary outcome was FNOM.ResultsOf 47,713 patients identified, 41,436 (86.8%) underwent a trial of NOM. FNOM was identical (10.6 vs. 10.8%, p = 0.601) among patients with and without TBI. TBI patients had lower adjusted odds for FNOM (AOR 0.66, p < 0.001), even among those with a high‐grade splenic injury (AOR 0.68, p < 0.001). No difference in adjusted mortality was noted when comparing TBI patients with and without FNOM (AOR 1.01, p = 0.95).ConclusionsNOM of blunt splenic trauma in TBI patients has higher adjusted odds for success. This could be related to interventions targeting prevention of secondary brain injury. Further studies are required to identify those specific practices that lead to a higher success rate of NOM of splenic trauma in TBI patients.
Erroneous sea-ice concentration retrieval in the East Antarctic
Authors: Lam Hoi Ming , Spreen Gunnar , Heygster Georg , Melsheimer Christian , Young Neal W. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTLarge discrepancies have been observed between satellite-derived sea-ice concentrations(IC) from passive microwave remote sensing and those derived from optical images at several locations in the East Antarctic, between February and April 2014. These artefacts, that resemble polynyas in the IC maps, appear in areas where optical satellite data show that there is landfast sea ice. The IC datasets and the corresponding retrieval algorithms are investigated together with microwave brightness temperature, air temperature, snowfall and bathymetry to understand the failure of the IC retrieval. The artefacts are the result of the application of weather filters in retrieval algorithms. These filters use the 37 and 19 GHz channels to correct for atmospheric effects on the retrieval. These channels show significant departures from typical ranges when the artefacts occur. A melt–refreeze cycle with associated snow metamorphism is proposed as the most likely cause. Together, the areas of the artefacts account for up to 0.5% of the Antarctic sea-ice area and thus cause a bias in sea-IC time series. In addition, erroneous sea ICs can adversely affect shipping operations.
Analysis of wavefront effects for large-aperture tiled-grating compressor
Authors: Zhang S. , Zhang J. W. , Zhou Y. , Su J. Q. , Wang X. , Deng B. , Hu D. X. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMonolithic large-aperture diffraction grating tiling is desired to increase the output capability of multi-kilojoule petawatt laser facilities. However, the wavefront errors of input pulse and gratings will degrade the focal spot quality and the compressibility of the output pulse. In this work, the effects of wavefront error of input pulse, deformation and wave aberration of the grating for the large-aperture tiled-grating compressor are investigated theoretically. A series of numerical simulations are presented to discuss the changing trends of focal spot energy caused by wavefront error of input pulse and obtain the error tolerance for specific goals. The influences of coating stress and the wave aberration of holographic exposure gratings on the diffraction wavefront are also discussed. Some advice is proposed for improving the performance of large-aperture tiled-grating. This work paves the way for the design of practical large-aperture tiled-grating compressor for ultrahigh intensity laser facilities in the future.
The morphophysiological dormancy of Ferula ovina seeds is alleviated by low temperature and hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Fasih Majid , Tavakkol Afshari Reza 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFerula ovina is a perennial Apiaceae with great medicinal and economic value. This study was conducted to better understand the dormancy and germination behaviour of its seeds. Experiments included temperature requirements for both embryo growth and germination under field and laboratory conditions, the effects of warm stratification, gibberellic acid (GA3), dry after-ripening, exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) on dormancy, localizing the accumulation of superoxide (O2−) and measuring endogenous contents of H2O2 in embryos during cold and warm stratification. Embryos were under-developed and did not germinate within one month at temperatures higher than 10°C. Among all treatments, cold stratification and exogenous H2O2 could break dormancy. However, the application of DPI reduced growth and the germination of the embryo at 3°C. During cold stratification, the embryonic axes elongated more than the cotyledons, which coincided with earlier production of O2− in the axes. Only these embryos could eventually complete growth and germinate. Moreover, such asymmetric growth between the axes and cotyledons was also observed when seeds were treated with exogenous H2O2. On the other hand, both axes and cotyledons displayed the same growth over treatments with warm stratification and DPI. Overall, seeds of F. ovina exhibit the characteristics of deep complex morphophysiological dormancy. Moreover, the embryos solely require cold to complete growth and to germinate, and this process seems to be mediated by reactive oxygen species. Under natural conditions, seeds germinate during winter in cold soil, and shoots emerge in spring.
Communication barrier in family linked to increased risks for food insecurity among deaf people who use American Sign Language
Authors: Kushalnagar Poorna , Moreland Christopher J , Simons Abbi , Holcomb Tara 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectiveFood security is defined as being able to access enough food that will help maintain an active, healthy lifestyle for those living in a household. While there are no studies on food security issues among deaf people, research shows that communication barriers early in life are linked to poor physical and mental health outcomes. Childhood communication barriers may also risk later food insecurity.Design/Setting/SubjectsA single food security screener question found to have 82 % sensitivity in classifying families who are at risk for food insecurity was taken from the six-item US Household Food Security Survey Module. Questions related to food insecurity screener, depression diagnosis and retrospective communication experience were translated to American Sign Language and then included in an online survey. Over 600 deaf adult signers (18–95 years old) were recruited across the USA.ResultsAfter adjusting for covariates, deaf adults who reported being able to understand little to none of what their caregiver said during their formative years were about five times more likely to often experience difficulty with making food last or finding money to buy more food, and were about three times more likely to sometimes experience this difficulty, compared with deaf adults who reported to being able to understand some to all of what their caregiver said.ConclusionsOur results have highlighted a marked risk for food insecurity and related outcomes among deaf people. This should raise serious concern among individuals who have the potential to effect change in deaf children’s access to communication.
Microkinetics of alcohol reforming for H2 production from a FAIR density functional theory database
Authors: Li Qiang , García-Muelas Rodrigo , López Núria 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe large-scale production of hydrogen from biomass under industrial conditions is fundamental for a sustainable future. Here we present a multiscale study of the available reforming technologies based on a density functional theory open database that allows the formulation of linear scaling relationships and microkinetics. The database fulfills the FAIR criteria: findability, accessibility, interoperability and reusability. Moreover, it contains more than 1000 transition states for the decomposition of C2 alcohols on close-packed Cu, Ru, Pd, and Pt surfaces. The microkinetic results for activity, selectivity toward H2, and stability can be directly mapped to experiments, and the catalytic performance is controlled by various types of poisoning. Linear scaling relationships provide valid quantitative results that allow the extrapolation to larger compounds like glycerol. Our database presents a robust roadmap to investigate the complexity of biomass transformations through the use of small fragments as surrogates when investigated under different reaction conditions.
Unraveling the determinants of microRNA mediated regulation using a massively parallel reporter assay
Authors: Vainberg Slutskin Ilya , Weingarten-Gabbay Shira , Nir Ronit , Weinberger Adina , Segal Eran 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDespite extensive research, the sequence features affecting microRNA-mediated regulation are not well understood, limiting our ability to predict gene expression levels in both native and synthetic sequences. Here we employed a massively parallel reporter assay to investigate the effect of over 14,000 rationally designed 3′ UTR sequences on reporter construct repression. We found that multiple factors, including microRNA identity, hybridization energy, target accessibility, and target multiplicity, can be manipulated to achieve a predictable, up to 57-fold, change in protein repression. Moreover, we predict protein repression and RNA levels with high accuracy (R = 0.84 and R = 0.80, respectively) using only 3′ UTR sequence, as well as the effect of mutation in native 3′ UTRs on protein repression (R = 0.63). Taken together, our results elucidate the effect of different sequence features on miRNA-mediated regulation and demonstrate the predictability of their effect on gene expression with applications in regulatory genomics and synthetic biology.
SMRT sequencing of full-length transcriptome of flea beetle Agasicles hygrophila (Selman and Vogt)
Authors: Jia Dong , Wang Yuanxin , Liu Yanhong , Hu Jun , Guo Yanqiong , Gao Lingling , Ma Ruiyan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis study was aimed at generating the full-length transcriptome of flea beetle Agasicles hygrophila (Selman and Vogt) using single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing. Four developmental stages of A. hygrophila, including eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults were harvested for isolating total RNA. The mixed samples were used for SMRT sequencing to generate the full-length transcriptome. Based on the obtained transcriptome data, alternative splicing event, simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis, coding sequence prediction, transcript functional annotation, and lncRNA prediction were performed. Total 9.45 Gb of clean reads were generated, including 335,045 reads of insert (ROI) and 158,085 full-length non-chimeric (FLNC) reads. Transcript clustering analysis of FLNC reads identified 40,004 consensus isoforms, including 31,015 high-quality ones. After removing redundant reads, 28,982 transcripts were obtained. Total 145 alternative splicing events were predicted. Additionally, 12,753 SSRs and 16,205 coding sequences were identified based on SSR analysis. Furthermore, 24,031 transcripts were annotated in eight functional databases, and 4,198 lncRNAs were predicted. This is the first study to perform SMRT sequencing of the full-length transcriptome of A. hygrophila. The obtained transcriptome may facilitate further exploration of the genetic data of A. hygrophila and uncover the interactions between this insect and the ecosystem.
Polymerisation force of a rigid filament bundle: diffusive interaction leads to sublinear force-number scaling
Authors: Valiyakath Jemseena , Gopalakrishnan Manoj 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPolymerising filaments generate force against an obstacle, as in, e.g., microtubule-kinetochore interactions in the eukaryotic cell. Earlier studies of this problem have not included explicit three-dimensional monomer diffusion, and consequently, missed out on two important aspects: (i) the barrier, even when it is far from the polymers, affects free diffusion of monomers and reduces their adsorption at the tips, while (ii) parallel filaments could interact through the monomer density field (“diffusive coupling”), leading to negative interference between them. In our study, both these effects are included and their consequences investigated in detail. A mathematical treatment based on a set of continuum Fokker-Planck equations for combined filament-wall dynamics suggests that the barrier-induced monomer depletion reduces the growth velocity and also the stall force, while the total force produced by many filaments remains additive. However, Brownian dynamics simulations show that the linear force-number scaling holds only when the filaments are far apart; when they are arranged close together, forming a bundle, sublinear scaling of force with number appears, which could be attributed to diffusive interaction between the growing polymer tips.
Unusually warm Indian Ocean sea surface temperatures help to arrest development of El Niño in 2014
Authors: Dong Lu , McPhaden Michael J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn early 2014, strong westerly wind bursts (WWBs) and high heat content in the equatorial Pacific favored development of a major El Niño. However, significant coupling between the Pacific Ocean and atmosphere failed to take hold during boreal summer of 2014 such that only borderline El Niño conditions were evident by the end of the year. Observational analysis suggests that warm sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the Indian Ocean in 2014 weakened westerly wind anomalies in the Pacific and may have helped to arrest the development of the El Niño. We test this hypothesis using an ensemble of coupled numerical experiments in which observed Indian Ocean SST anomalies in 2014–15 are prescribed but the Pacific Ocean-atmosphere system is free to evolve. Results confirm that warm SST anomalies in the Indian Ocean created conditions that would have favored a weakening of El Niño by suppressing the Bjerknes feedback in boreal summer of 2014. This process does not preclude others that have been proposed in the unusual evolution of El Niño SSTs in 2014, but it adds to the list a forcing mechanism external to the Pacific basin.