bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Institute of Medicine Guidelines for Gestational Weight Gain in Women with Chronic Hypertension
Authors: Siegel Anne , Tita Alan , Machemehl Hannah , Biggio Joseph , Harper Lorie 
Published: July 2017

Objective To assess the impact of gestational weight gain (GWG) outside the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations on perinatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by chronic hypertension (HTN).
Methods The study consisted of a retrospective cohort of all singletons with HTN from 2000 to 2014. Maternal outcomes examined were superimposed preeclampsia and cesarean delivery. Neonatal outcomes were small for gestational age (SGA), large for gestational age (LGA), and preterm birth (PTB). Groups were compared using analysis of variance and chi-squared test for trend. Backward stepwise logistic regression was adjusted for confounding factors.
Results Of 702 subjects, 106 (15.1%) gained within, 176 (25.0%) gained less, and 420 (59.8%) gained more weight than the IOM recommendations. After adjusting for confounders, GWG above IOM recommendations remained associated with LGA (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.53, confidence interval [CI] 95%:1.29–4.95). Weight gain less than recommended was associated with a decreased risk of superimposed preeclampsia (AOR: 0.49, CI 95%: 0.26–0.93) without increasing the risk of SGA (AOR: 1.03, CI 95%: 0.57–1.86).
Conclusion Women with pregnancies complicated by chronic HTN should be counseled regarding the association of LGA with excessive GWG. Additionally, they should be counseled that weight gain below recommendations may be associated with a decreased risk of superimposed preeclampsia; however, this association deserves further investigation.
How Accurate is Intraoperative Alignment Measurement with a Navigation System in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty?
Authors: Feichtinger Xaver , Kolbitsch Paul , Kocijan Roland , Baierl Andreas , Giurea Alexander 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe primary objective was to compare the intraoperative data assessed by OrthoPilot (Aesculap AG, Tuttlingen, Germany) with postoperative coronal and sagittal long-leg standing radiographs. The secondary objective was to evaluate the influence of sex and body mass index (BMI) on the accuracy and effectiveness of the implantation of the knee prosthesis by OrthoPilot. We included 75 patients in our investigation. Participants received an e.motion (Aesculap AG) knee prosthesis using the OrthoPilot navigation system. Postoperative long-leg standing anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were performed. We compared the intraoperative navigational data with postoperative determined angles of knee geometry. We also compared the sex and BMI of participants to their difference between intraoperative and postoperative measurements to test for an association. We found a difference between intraoperative data and radiographs of 1.8 degrees for the hip-knee-ankle angle. The intraoperative lateral distal femoral angle and medial proximal tibial angle differed from the radiological analysis by 1.2 degrees, respectively. The lateral views revealed a difference of 1.6 degrees for femur lateral and 1.4 degrees for the tibia lateral. There was no significant (p > 0.05) influence of the parameters BMI and sex of the patients on these values. Our results showed that the implemented intraoperative navigation system is reliable. It does not differ on average from postoperative radiographs by more than 1.8 degrees. The findings of our study suggest that a correct postoperative alignment can be achieved in both high and low BMI participants if a precise range is maintained during the surgery.
Endoscopic and Microsurgical Approaches to the Cavernous Sinus – Anatomical Review
Authors: Romero Flavio , Ramires Daphyne , Cristiano Luigi , Silva Marcos , Vieira Rodolfo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCavernous sinus surgery has always represented a surgical challenge due to the great importance of the surrounding anatomical structures and to the high morbidity associated to it. Although the anatomy of this region has been extensively described, controversy remains related to the best treatment and approaches for different kinds of lesions. In this article, a literature review was performed on the surgical anatomy and approaches to the cavernous sinus.
Paraspinal Lumbar Spine Approach - Wiltse Access
Authors: Rabelo Nícollas , Silva Bruno , Silveira Filho Luciano , Passos George , Pereira Vitor , Dias Junior Luiz , Dias Luiz , Tanaka Koji 
Published: July 2017

Introduction Technical developments in spinal surgery have reduced the number of surgical incisions and of the length of time for the procedure.
Objective Describe topographical landmarks, anatomy and characteristics of the Wiltse access, a paraspinal approach to the lumbar spine.
Methods A review of the literature was performed using as databases: PubMed, Embase, Science Direct, the Cochran Database and Google Scholar. Total 22 papers met the inclusion criteria, and they were all published between 1959 and 2016.
Discussion The Wiltse approach is performed by median skin incision with lateral muscle dissection between the multifidus and the longissimus muscles, in a natural pathway. This approach allows access to the pedicles and to the lateral recess, enabling the performance of posterior spinal fusion and decompression and minimally invasive discectomy techniques. This access is less traumatic than the median approach, and it is ideal for lower levels, like L4–5 and L5-S1.
Conclusion The authors strongly encourage this approach because they believe that, when well-indicated, the benefits outweigh the disadvantages and complications due to the fact that it is a less invasive procedure.
Loss of mouse cardiomyocyte talin-1 and talin-2 leads to β-1 integrin reduction, costameric instability, and dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Manso Ana Maria , Okada Hideshi , Sakamoto Francesca M. , Moreno Emily , Monkley Susan J. , Li Ruixia , Critchley David R. , Ross Robert S. 
Published: July 2017

Significance
Heart failure is a significant health problem with a poorly understood molecular basis. Continuous contraction–relaxation cycles of the heart and its cardiomyocytes (CMs) require strong interactions between intracellular proteins and the surrounding extracellular matrix to maintain normal heart function. We exhaustively studied the function of the cytoskeletal protein talin (Tln), and its two isoforms, Tln1 and Tln2, in CMs and the intact heart. Both Tln isoforms can independently support costamere, CM, and whole-heart function. Yet, combined deletion of CM Tln1 and Tln2 destabilized the myocardium, leading to heart failure. This study significantly advances knowledge about the basic biology of talin, particularly given its study in vivo, and advances understanding of Tln’s role in maintenance of normal heart muscle function.
Entanglement and thermodynamics after a quantum quench in integrable systems
Authors: Alba Vincenzo , Calabrese Pasquale 
Published: July 2017

Significance
Understanding how statistical ensembles arise from the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of isolated pure systems has been a fascinating question since the early days of quantum mechanics. Recently, it has been proposed that the thermodynamic entropy of the long-time statistical ensemble is the stationary entanglement of a large subsystem in an infinite system. Here, we combine this concept with the quasiparticle picture of the entanglement evolution and integrability-based knowledge of the steady state to obtain exact analytical predictions for the time evolution of the entanglement in arbitrary 1D integrable models. These results explicitly show the transformation between the entanglement and thermodynamic entropy during the time evolution. Thus, entanglement is the natural witness for the generalized microcanonical principle underlying relaxation in integrable models.
Stable membrane orientations of small dual-topology membrane proteins
Authors: Fluman Nir , Tobiasson Victor , von Heijne Gunnar 
Published: July 2017

Significance
The orientations of multispanning membrane proteins in the membrane are initially determined when they are cotranslationally inserted into the membrane. However, it is not always clear whether these initial orientations may be dynamic after the insertion step or not. The present study shows that even in the case of small membrane proteins that have only four transmembrane helices and have little bias to be inserted in one or the other orientation, the initially inserted orientation remains stable and is not dynamic, at least with respect to the orientation of the entire protein. This finding suggests that membrane proteins become correctly oriented already during or immediately after synthesis, as they are inserted into the membrane.
Debunking two myths against vocal origins of language
Authors: Perlman Marcus 
Published: July 2017

Gesture-first theories of language origins often raise two unsubstantiated arguments against vocal origins. First, they argue that great ape vocal behavior is highly constrained, limited to a fixed, species-typical repertoire of reflexive calls. Second, they argue that vocalizations lack any significant potential to ground meaning through iconicity, or resemblance between form and meaning. This paper reviews the considerable evidence that debunks these two “myths”. Accumulating evidence shows that the great apes exercise voluntary control over their vocal behavior, including their breathing apparatus, larynx, and supralaryngeal articulators. They are also able to learn new vocal behaviors, and even show some rudimentary ability for vocal imitation. In addition, an abundance of research demonstrates that the vocal modality affords rich potential for iconicity. People can understand iconicity in sound symbolism, and they can produce iconic vocalizations to communicate a diverse range of meanings. Thus, two of the primary arguments against vocal origins theories are not tenable. As an alternative, the paper concludes that the origins of language – going as far back as our last common ancestor with great apes – are rooted in iconicity in both gesture and vocalization.
How to emerge from the conservatism in clinical research methodology?
Authors: Kotecki Nuria , Penel Nicolas , Awada Ahmad 
Published: July 2017

Purpose of review
Despite recent changes in clinical research methodology, many challenges remain in drug development methodology.

Recent findings
Advances in molecular biology and cancer treatments have changed the clinical research landscape. Thus, we moved from empirical clinical oncology to molecular and immunological therapeutic approaches. Along with this move, adapted dose-limiting toxicities definitions, endpoints, and dose escalation methods have been proposed. Moreover, the classical frontier between phase I, phase II, and phase III has become unclear in particular for immunological approaches. So, investigators are facing major challenges in drug development methodology.

Summary
We propose to individualize clinical research using innovative approaches to significantly improve patient outcomes and targeting what is considered unmet need. Integrating high level of translational research and performing well designed biomarker studies with great potential for clinical practice are of utmost importance. This could be performed within new models of clinical research networks and by building a strong collaboration between academic, cooperative groups, on-site investigators, and pharma.
Dried Blood Spots Combined With Ultra–High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry for the Quantification of the Antipsychotics Risperidone, Aripiprazole, Pipamperone, and Their Major Metabolites
Authors: Tron Camille , Kloosterboer Sanne M. , van der Nagel Bart C. H. , Wijma Rixt A. , Dierckx Bram , Dieleman Gwen C. , van Gelder Teun , Koch Birgit C. P. 
Published: July 2017

Background:
Risperidone, aripiprazole, and pipamperone are antipsychotic drugs frequently prescribed for the treatment of comorbid behavioral problems in children with autism spectrum disorders. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) could be useful to decrease side effects and to improve patient outcome. Dried blood spot (DBS) sample collection seems to be an attractive technique to develop TDM of these drugs in a pediatric population. The aim of this work was to develop and validate a DBS assay suitable for TDM and home sampling.

Methods:
Risperidone, 9-OH risperidone, aripiprazole, dehydroaripiprazole, and pipamperone were extracted from DBS and analyzed by ultra–high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry using a C18 reversed-phase column with a mobile phase consisting of ammonium acetate/formic acid in water or methanol. The suitability of DBS for TDM was assessed by studying the influence of specific parameters: extraction solution, EDTA carryover, hematocrit, punching location, spot volume, and hemolysis. The assay was validated with respect to conventional guidelines for bioanalytical methods.

Results:
The method was linear, specific without any critical matrix effect, and with a mean recovery around 90%. Accuracy and imprecision were within the acceptance criteria in samples with hematocrit values from 30% to 45%. EDTA or hemolysis did not skew the results, and no punching carryover was observed. No significant influence of the spot volume or the punch location was observed. The antipsychotics were all stable in DBS stored 10 days at room temperature and 1 month at 4 or −80°C. The method was successfully applied to quantify the 3 antipsychotics and their metabolites in patient samples.

Conclusions:
A UHPLC-MS/MS method has been successfully validated for the simultaneous quantification of risperidone, 9-OH risperidone, aripiprazole, dehydroaripiprazole, and pipamperone in DBS. The assay provided good analytical performances for TDM and clinical research applications.
Consultation for Simple Laceration Repair When On-Call in the Emergency Department: Potential Quagmire
Authors: Zbar Ross I.S. , Monico Edward , Calise Arthur 
Published: July 2017

Summary:
What are the forces obligating a plastic surgeon who is on-call for the emergency department to respond to a consultation request for repair of a simple laceration? Although the duties are clear in cases of obvious surgical emergency, ambiguity and subsequent conflict may arise when the true nature of the emergency is less clear. Does the consultant’s clinical discretion dictate the obligation in the case of a simple laceration; or is it subservient to either the discretion of the requesting health-care provider or even the patient? Do federal statutes such as the Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act, or perhaps more local rules apply, such as the by-laws of the hospital? It would behoove all medical practitioners to familiarize themselves with both the legal and moral implications of these issues. Having legitimate policies in place which actively address those situations where the consultative obligation is unclear is critical to resolve potential conflict.
Genetics of paediatric cardiomyopathies
Authors: Ware Stephanie M. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose of review
Paediatric cardiomyopathy is a rare disease with a genetic basis. The purpose of this review is to discuss the current status of genetic findings in the paediatric cardiomyopathy population and present recent progress in utilizing this information for management and therapy.

Recent findings
With increased clinical genetic testing, an understanding of the genetic causes of cardiomyopathy is improving and novel causes are identified at a rapid rate. Recent progress in identifying the scope of genetic variation in large population datasets has led to reassessment and refinement of our understanding of the significance of rare genetic variation. As a result, the stringency of variant interpretation has increased, at times leading to revision of previous mutation results. Transcriptome and epigenome studies are elucidating important pathways for disease progression and highlight similarities and differences in pathogenesis from adult cardiomyopathy. Therapy targeted towards the underlying cause of cardiomyopathy is emerging for a number of rare syndromes such as Pompe and Noonan syndromes, and genome editing and induced pluripotent stem cells provide promise for additional precision medicine approaches.

Summary
Genetics is moving at a rapid pace in paediatric cardiomyopathy. Genetic testing is increasingly being incorporated into clinical care. Although interpretation of rare genetic variation remains challenging, the opportunity to provide management and therapy targeted towards the underlying genetic cause is beginning to be realized.
Persistent pain in cancer survivors
Authors: Boland Elaine G. , Ahmedzai Sam H. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose of review
As people are living longer after a diagnosis and primary treatment for cancer, or indeed living with cancer as a chronic disease, new problems are emerging in this growing population of so-called ‘survivors’. Persistent or chronic pain is one of the commonest complaints, arising from the tissue damage caused by the original neoplasm, consequences of surgery and other therapies, and – especially in older people – multimorbidity. This review explores some of the principle causes and mechanisms of this phenomenon and reviews the evidence for their management.

Recent findings
We review recent findings regarding persistent pain in adults after surgery, chemotherapy (including targeted biological therapies), hormone manipulation and radiation therapy; and osteonecrosis from corticosteroid treatment in children with cancer. Recent research has revealed some of the molecular, genetic, phenotypic and psychological factors that predispose some people to developing more persistent pain after cancer, and their long-term outcomes.

Summary
Although persistent pain in cancer patients surviving after primary treatment has been recognized for decades, only recently has research shown how this arises and some possible ways to intervene by prevention and interventions. New holistic models for management of persistent cancer-related pain are needed.
Quantitative Evaluation of the Impact of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid Pretreatment on Single-Antigen Bead Assay
Authors: Liu Chang , Pang Sue , Phelan Donna , Brennan Daniel C. , Mohanakumar Thalachallour 
Published: July 2017

Background
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) pretreatment has been shown to overcome complement interference in the single-antigen bead (SAB) assay. However, a quantitative evaluation of its impact on the assay for preemptive application to diverse clinical samples is still lacking.

Methods
Serum samples from 95 renal transplant candidates were tested with and without EDTA-pretreatment in parallel. Changes in mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) values were analyzed to determine the impact of EDTA-pretreatment and the characteristics of complement interference.

Results
MFI values from EDTA-treated and untreated sera showed good correlations (r = 0.99) and were linear after excluding outliers (slopes, 1; intercepts, −63.7 and −24.2 for class I and II, respectively). Using an assay cutoff of 2000 MFI, positive/negative assignments were concordant for 99% of the 9215 class I beads and 9025 class II beads tested. As defined by an MFI increment above 4000 after EDTA pretreatment, complement interference affected 172 class I beads in 12 samples (12.6%) and 60 class II beads in 7 samples (7.4%), and the findings were supported in 83% and 86% of these samples by dilution studies. In a case study, EDTA pretreatment prevented falsely low MFI values and facilitated the interpretation of titration curves. Finally, EDTA pretreatment reduced the coefficient of variance (CV) by 2.1% and 2.4% for class I and II beads respectively (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions
It is safe to preemptively treat all clinical samples with EDTA before SAB assay to prevent false negative results or falsely low MFI values. EDTA pretreatment has the added benefit of improved assay precision.
The evolutionary history of 2,658 cancers
Authors: Gerstung Moritz , Jolly Clemency , Leshchiner Ignaty , Dentro Stefan C. , Gonzalez Santiago , Rosebrock Daniel , Mitchell Thomas J. , Rubanova Yulia , Anur Pavana , Yu Kaixian , Tarabichi Maxime , Deshwar Amit , Wintersinger Jeff , Kleinheinz Kortine , Vázquez-García Ignacio , Haase Kerstin , Jerman Lara , Sengupta Subhajit , Macintyre Geoff , Malikic Salem , Donmez Nilgun , Livitz Dimitri G. , Cmero Marek , Demeulemeester Jonas , Schumacher Steven , Fan Yu , Yao Xiaotong , Lee Juhee , Schlesner Matthias , Boutros Paul C. , Bowtell David D. , Zhu Hongtu , Getz Gad , Imielinski Marcin , Beroukhim Rameen , Sahinalp S. Cenk , Ji Yuan , Peifer Martin , Markowetz Florian , Mustonen Ville , Yuan Ke , Wang Wenyi , Morris Quaid D. , Spellman Paul T. , Wedge David C. , Loo Peter Van ,   on behalf of the PCAWG Evolution and Heterogeneity Working Group,   the PCAWG network
Published: July 2017

SummaryCancer develops through a process of somatic evolution. Here, we use whole-genome sequencing of 2,778 tumour samples from 2,658 donors to reconstruct the life history, evolution of mutational processes, and driver mutation sequences of 39 cancer types. The early phases of oncogenesis are driven by point mutations in a small set of driver genes, often including biallelic inactivation of tumour suppressors. Early oncogenesis is also characterised by specific copy number gains, such as trisomy 7 in glioblastoma or isochromosome 17q in medulloblastoma. By contrast, increased genomic instability, a nearly four-fold diversification of driver genes, and an acceleration of point mutation processes are features of later stages. Copy-number alterations often occur in mitotic crises leading to simultaneous gains of multiple chromosomal segments. Timing analysis suggests that driver mutations often precede diagnosis by many years, and in some cases decades, providing a window of opportunity for early cancer detection.
2-Wayk-Means as a Model for Microbiome Samples
Authors: Jackson Weston J. , Agarwal Ipsita , Pe’er Itsik 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTMotivationMicrobiome sequencing allows defining clusters of samples with shared composition. However, this paradigm poorly accounts for samples whose composition is a mixture of cluster-characterizing ones, and therefore lie in-between them in cluster space. This paper addresses unsupervised learning of 2-way clusters. It defines a mixture model that allows 2-way cluster assignment and describes a variant of generalizedk-means for learning such a model. We demonstrate applicability to microbial 16S rDNA sequencing data from the Human Vaginal Microbiome Project.Contactwjj2106@columbia.edu