bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual Behavior, Satisfaction, and Contraceptive Use Among Postpartum Women
Authors: Sok Christina , Sanders Jessica N. , Saltzman Hanna M. , Turok David K. 
Published: February 2016

IntroductionThis study aimed to 1) describe the behaviors and timing of the first sexual activity postpartum, 2) compare characteristics of women who return to vaginal intercourse by 6 weeks postpartum to those who initiate intercourse after 6 weeks, 3) evaluate contraceptive use of postpartum women, and 4) describe the physical and emotional satisfaction with the first sexual activity postpartum.MethodsThis prospective study recruited participants during prenatal visits or postpartum prior to hospital discharge. Women completed an initial survey regarding pregnancy intendedness, contraceptive history, breastfeeding plans, sexual activity, satisfaction, and initiation. Postpartum surveys were conducted every 2 weeks starting 6 weeks after birth until 12 weeks or return to vaginal sexual intercourse.ResultsA total of 370 participants were recruited; 304 (82%) were followed to first intercourse. By life table analysis at 6 weeks (42 days) postpartum, 132 (43%) of women had resumed sexual intercourse, but only 65 (49%) of those women reported using contraception. There were no significant demographic or obstetric differences by timing of resumption of intercourse. However, when controlling for these characteristics, women who reported using contraception at 6 weeks postpartum were 1.8 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2‐3.2; P = .015) more likely to have had vaginal intercourse by 6 weeks postpartum compared to women who were not using contraception then. By 12 weeks postpartum, 341 (92%) of women had resumed vaginal intercourse. Psychological and physical satisfaction during sex was lower both during pregnancy and after giving birth, relative to satisfaction before pregnancy (P < .001).DiscussionBy 6 weeks postpartum, 4 in 10 women had resumed vaginal intercourse, with only half using contraception. Counseling regarding postpartum contraception should meet normative behavior. Thus, contraceptive plans need to be established during prenatal care, and the postpartum visit should occur earlier than the current standard time of 6 weeks.
Acute Effects of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide on Circulating Steroid Levels in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Strajhar P. , Schmid Y. , Liakoni E. , Dolder P. C. , Rentsch K. M. , Kratschmar D. V. , Odermatt A. , Liechti M. E. 
Published: February 2016

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a serotonin 5‐hydroxytryptamine‐2A (5‐HT2A) receptor agonist that is used recreationally worldwide. Interest in LSD research in humans waned after the 1970s, although the use of LSD in psychiatric research and practice has recently gained increasing attention. LSD produces pronounced acute psychedelic effects, although its influence on plasma steroid levels over time has not yet been characterised in humans. The effects of LSD (200 μg) or placebo on plasma steroid levels were investigated in 16 healthy subjects using a randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over study design. Plasma concentration–time profiles were determined for 15 steroids using liquid‐chromatography tandem mass‐spectrometry. LSD increased plasma concentrations of the glucocorticoids cortisol, cortisone, corticosterone and 11‐dehydrocorticosterone compared to placebo. The mean maximum concentration of LSD was reached at 1.7 h. Mean peak psychedelic effects were reached at 2.4 h, with significant alterations in mental state from 0.5 h to > 10 h. Mean maximal concentrations of cortisol and corticosterone were reached at 2.5 h and 1.9 h, and significant elevations were observed 1.5–6 h and 1–3 h after drug administration, respectively. LSD also significantly increased plasma concentrations of the androgen dehydroepiandrosterone but not other androgens, progestogens or mineralocorticoids compared to placebo. A close relationship was found between plasma LSD concentrations and changes in plasma cortisol and corticosterone and the psychotropic response to LSD, and no clockwise hysteresis was observed. In conclusion, LSD produces significant acute effects on circulating steroids, especially glucocorticoids. LSD‐induced changes in circulating glucocorticoids were associated with plasma LSD concentrations over time and showed no acute pharmacological tolerance.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Petrous Carotid Aneurysms
Authors: Patrick James T. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAneurysms arising from the petrous segment of the internal carotid artery are rare and the majority of reports are based on evaluations with x‐ray catheter angiography (XRA) and computed tomography (CT). Due to the paucity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) information, the author describes 2 patients with petrous carotid aneurysms evaluated with MRI and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). Compared to XRA and CT, MRI and MRA are less invasive and provide more information regarding the aneurysm, including the size, shape, and site; the absence or presence and extent of hemorrhage, thrombus, and bony erosion; patency of the vessel; neck; and the extent of perianeurysmal compromise of vessels, cranial nerves, and parenchyma.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain in Aicardi's Syndrome
Authors: Smith, Charles D. , Ryan, Stephen J. , Hoover, Steven L. , Baumann, Robert J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAicardi's syndrome consists of multiple anomalies of the eye, brain, and axial skeleton in females, and is associated with early‐onset infantile spasms and severe developmental delay. For the present study, magnetic resonance images of 20 patients with Aicardi's syndrome were obtained and the neuroimaging findings catalogued. These were compared to previously reported results and the findings correlated with current theories of fetal brain development. The results revealed a high frequency of cortical migration defects (94%) and a wide variability in the callosal defect, migrational abnormalities, and other findings in Aicardi's syndrome.
Optimized Transcranial Doppler Technique for the Diagnosis of Cardiac Right‐to‐Left Shunts
Authors: Albert, A. , Müller, H. R. , Hetzel, A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTranscranial Doppler sonography (TCD) is a simple method to detect a right‐to‐left cardiac shunt, although standardized procedures do not exist. In this study 69 patients were tested according to predetermined criteria and procedures (cluster of > 10 microbubbles, duration between injection in the cubital vein and detection in the middle cerebral artery [MCA] ≤ 10 sec). Agitated saline solution was compared to oxypolygelatine, a plasma volume expander, as contrast media. Valsalva's maneuver and coughing were used to provoke right‐to‐left cardiac shunting, detected by TCD, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Oxypolygelatine caused a significantly higher number of microbubbles in the right atrium and MCA than did the saline solution, leading to a greater diagnostic reliability of TCD (paired t test, p < 0.001). Coughing did not provoke right‐to‐left cardiac shunts (χ2 analysis, p < 0.001). The technique used for carrying out Valsalva's maneuver was important for the detection of right‐to‐left cardiac shunts. Twenty‐five right‐to‐left shunts were diagnosed with TCD and 18 with TTE (36 vs 26%; χ2 analysis, p = 0.1). The findings indicate that TCD when properly done is highly sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of right‐to‐left cardiac shunts.
Magnetic Resonance Cisternography in the Diagnosis of Delayed Iatrogenic Cerebrospinal Fistula: A Case Report
Authors: Geyer James D. , Nabors Louis B. , Harrell Lindy E. , Gomez Camilo R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA 52–year–old woman presented with a clinical picture consistent with bacterial meningitis 3 years after functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Diagnosis of a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula was made clinically, and the site of the fistula was confirmed using magnetic resonance cisternography. The utilization of this technique in the diagnosis of CSF disorders is gaining popularity. Its usefulness in the context of other imaging modalities is discussed.
THBS1 is induced by TGFB1 in the cancer stroma and promotes invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Pal Samir Kumar , Nguyen Chi Thi Kim , Morita Kei‐ichi , Miki Yoshio , Kayamori Kou , Yamaguchi Akira , Sakamoto Kei 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundTHBS1 (thrombospondin‐1) is the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein that affects diverse cellular activities. It constitutes the tumor stroma, but the role of THBS1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) development is unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify the relevance of THBS1 in the pathogenesis of OSCC.Materials and methodsThe expression of THBS1 was examined in 44 OSCC by immunohistochemical analysis and in 43 OSCC by cDNA microarray analysis. Cell culture experiments were conducted using human OSCC cell lines HSC3 and HO1N1 and mouse fibroblast ST2 cells to examine the effect of TGFB1 on THBS1 expression, and the effect of THBS1 on cellular behaviors.ResultsTHBS1 was specifically induced in the tumor microenvironment of OSCC. THBS1 appeared to be produced mainly by the stromal cells, but also by OSCC cells. TGFB1 stimulated THBS1 expression in ST2, primary fibroblasts, and the OSCC cells. THBS1 promoted migration and invasion of HSC3 and HO1N1 in transwell migration assays. THBS1 stimulated the expression of MMP3 (matrix metalloprotease 3), MMP9, MMP11, and MMP13 in ST2 cells and MMP3, MMP11, and MMP13 in HO1N1 cells. The RGD peptide suppressed the THBS1‐stimulated migration and upregulation of MMP11 and MMP13.ConclusionsTHBS1 is a tumor‐specific ECM protein that is induced by TGFB1 and promotes migration of cancer cells and stimulates the expression of MMPs partly through the integrin signaling, thereby favoring OSCC invasion.
Comparison of Maximum Intercuspal Contacts of Articulated Casts and Virtual Casts Requiring Posterior Fixed Partial Dentures
Authors: Arslan Yeliz , Bankoğlu Güngör Merve , Karakoca Nemli Seçil , Kökdoğan Boyacı Betül , Aydın Cemal 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the accuracy of the CEREC CAD/CAM system in reproducing the maximum intercuspal contacts of the casts, which include posterior teeth preparation for a fixed partial denture (FPD).Materials and MethodsTen pairs of gypsum casts were mounted in articulators in maximum intercuspal position (MIP) to serve as patient simulation models. Tooth #19 was removed from the cast. Occlusal contacts in MIP were identified with articulating paper, and digital impressions of the casts with unprepared teeth and buccal images in MIP were taken. Teeth #18 and #20 were prepared for an FPD, and full‐ and half‐arch digital impressions of the casts with prepared teeth and buccal images from different sides were taken. In each situation, screenshot images of the virtual casts with occlusal contacts were saved as JPEG files. The proportions of congruence of virtual contacts with cast contacts were analyzed by superimposing screenshot images of the virtual casts onto the screenshot images of the casts with the indicated occlusal contacts in a transparent manner using an image‐processing program. The data were statistically analyzed with a paired t‐test.ResultsThe highest percentages of virtually indicated contacts identical to the cast contacts were observed in non‐prepared full‐arch digital impressions. Comparison of full‐arch impressions taken before and after tooth preparation showed no difference for congruence even if the buccal image was taken from the contralateral or ipsilateral side (p > 0.05). After tooth preparation, comparing full‐ and half‐arch digital impressions revealed that half‐arch impression showed significantly lower percentages of identical contacts (p < 0.05). When comparing the buccal image side, no significant difference was detected between ipsilateral and contralateral images both for non‐prepared and prepared casts (p > 0.05).ConclusionWhen there is no posterior antagonist contact following tooth preparation for an FPD, taking a full‐arch digital impression and designing the restoration on full‐arch virtual models can be advocated.
Influence of Veneering Fabrication Techniques and Gas‐Phase Fluorination on Bond Strength between Zirconia and Veneering Ceramics
Authors: Pharr Stewart W. , Teixeira Erica C. , Verrett Ronald , Piascik Jeffrey R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPurposePorcelain chipping has been one of the main problems of porcelain‐fused‐to‐zirconia restorations. This study evaluates the bond strengths of layered, pressed, and adhesively bonded porcelain to yttria‐stabilized zirconia substrates that have undergone traditional preparation or gas‐phase fluorination.Materials and MethodsA three‐point bending test was used to evaluate the bond strength of the porcelain and zirconia interface. Sixty‐six specimens were prepared (n = 11) following ISO 9693 and loaded until failure using an Instron testing machine. One‐half of the zirconia substrates received gas phase fluorination treatment before veneering application. Three porcelain veneering methods were evaluated: layered, pressed, and adhesively bonded porcelain. Bond strength results were interpreted using a two‐way ANOVA and a Bonferroni multiple comparisons test. Statistical significance was set at α = 0.05.ResultsANOVA revealed a statistically significant effect of the veneering fabrication methods. No main effect was observed regarding the surface treatment to the zirconia. There was a significant effect related to the veneering method used to apply porcelain to zirconia. For untreated zirconia, layered porcelain had a significantly higher flexural strength compared to pressed or bonded, while pressed and bonded porcelains were not significantly different from one another. For zirconia specimens receiving fluorination treatment, both layered and pressed porcelains had significantly higher bond strengths than adhesively bonded porcelain. In addition, fluorinated pressed porcelain was not statistically different from the control layered or fluorinated layered porcelain.ConclusionThe choice of veneering fabrication technique was critical when evaluating the zirconia to porcelain interfacial bond strength. Bonded porcelain to zirconia had a lower flexural strength than layered or pressed porcelain, regardless of zirconia surface treatment. In addition, fluorination had an effect on the bond strength of pressed porcelain.
Whose “Storm and Stress” Is It? Parent and Child Reports of Personality Development in the Transition to Early Adolescence
Authors: Göllner Richard , Roberts Brent W. , Damian Rodica I. , Lüdtke Oliver , Jonkmann Kathrin , Trautwein Ulrich 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe present study investigated Big Five personality trait development in the transition to early adolescence (from the fifth to eighth grade). Personality traits were assessed in 2,761 (47% female) students over a 3‐year period of time. Youths’ self‐reports and parent ratings were used to test for cross‐informant agreement. Acquiescent responding and measurement invariance were established with latent variable modeling. Growth curve models revealed three main findings: (a) Normative mean‐level changes occurred for youths’ self‐report data and parent ratings with modest effects in both cases. (b) Agreeableness and Openness decreased for self‐reports and parent ratings, whereas data source differences were found for Conscientiousness (decreased for self‐reports and remained stable for parent ratings), Extraversion (increased for self‐reports and decreased for parent ratings), and Neuroticism (remained stable for self‐reports and decreased for parent ratings). (c) Girls showed a more mature personality overall (self‐reports and parent ratings revealed higher levels of Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Openness) and became more extraverted in the middle of adolescence (self‐reports). Personality changes modestly during early adolescence whereby change does not occur in the direction of maturation, and substantial differences exist between parent ratings and self‐reports.
Can breeder reproductive status, performance and egg quality be enhanced by supplementation and transition of n‐3 fatty acids?
Authors: Delezie E. , Koppenol A. , Buyse J. , Everaert N. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThe aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of n‐3 fatty acid (FA) supplemented diets on breeder performance, productivity and egg quality. Breeders (n = 480) were fed the supplemented diet from 18 weeks onwards; the inclusion level of n‐3 FA was increased from 1.5% to 3.0% from 34 weeks of age onwards until 48 weeks of age. Ross‐308 broiler breeders (n = 480) were fed one of four different diets: a basal diet rich in n‐6 FA (control diet) or one of three diets rich in n‐3 FA. For the n‐3 FA diets, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 n‐3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n‐3) were fed to the broiler breeders at different ratios formulated to obtain EPA/DHA ratios of 1/1, 1/2 or 2/1. Differences in performance, reproduction and egg quality parameters due to n‐3 supplementation were noted more for the 1.5% followed by the 3.0% fed broilers than their 1.5% supplemented counterparts. Egg weight (p < 0.001) and egg mass (p = 0.003) were significantly lower and feed conversion (p = 0.008) significantly higher for the n‐3 FA (at 3.0% inclusion level) fed broilers compared to the control group. For the EPA‐ and DHA‐fed breeders, a higher proportional abdominal fat percentage (p = 0.025) and proportional albumen weight (%) (p = 0.041) were found respectively. Dietary treatments did not affect reproduction. It can be concluded that the results of the present experiment indicate no significant differences between treatments at 1.5% inclusion levels. However, increasing this level to 3.0% is not recommended due to the rather negative effects on the measured parameters. It should be further investigated whether these adverse effects were obtained due to (i) the higher supplementation level, (ii) combining a supplementation level of 1.5% with 3% or (iii) the duration of supplementation.
A genetic delineation of Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) revealed by specific‐locus amplified fragment sequencing
Authors: Huang Hui‐Run , Wu Wei , Zhang Ji‐Xiu , Wang Ling‐Jian , Yuan Yong‐Ming , Ge Xue‐Jun 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPatchouli plant (Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth.) is of important economic value, and it has been grown for medicinal use for more than 1000 years in China and Southeast Asia. There are limited data to underpin the genetic and genomic resource management for Patchouli. Herein, we used specific‐locus amplified fragment sequencing to generate a genetic delineation of P. cablin collected from Vietnam, South China, and Indonesia (Sumatra). In total, 15 457 835 reads, 61 334 specific‐locus amplified fragments, and 511 reliable single nucleotide polymorphisms were obtained. On the basis of model‐based grouping and neighbor‐joining trees, we divided the studied accessions into six distinct groups: one Vietnamese group, two Chinese groups, and three Indonesian groups. We also measured the contents of patchouli alcohol and pogostone; all accessions belonged to patchoulol‐type except for three accessions from the species' northernmost distribution in China, which have a high content of pogostone. The results from both genetic structure and chemotypes were highly consistent with the possible migration history of Patchouli. Accordingly, ex situ conservation should be immediately established for Patchouli, particularly for the pogostone‐type and the germplasm in Vietnam.
The multivariate association between genomewide DNA methylation and climate across the range of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Keller Thomas E. , Lasky Jesse R. , Yi Soojin V. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEpigenetic changes can occur due to extracellular environmental conditions. Consequently, epigenetic mechanisms can play an intermediate role to translate environmental signals to intracellular changes. Such a role might be particularly important in plants, which often show strong local adaptation and have the potential for heritable epigenetic states. However, little is currently known about the role of epigenetic variation in the ecological mechanisms of adaptation. Here, we used multivariate redundancy analyses to examine genomewide associations between DNA methylation polymorphisms and climate variation in two independent panels of Arabidopsis accessions, including 122 Eurasian accessions as well as in a regional panel of 148 accessions in Sweden. At the single‐nucleotide methylation level, climate and space (geographic spatial structure) explain small yet significant amount of variation in both panels. On the other hand, when viewed in a context of genomic clusters of methylated and unmethylated cytosines, climate and space variables explain much greater amounts of variation in DNA methylation than those explained by variation at the single‐nucleotide level. We found that the single‐nucleotide methylation polymorphisms with the strongest associations with climate were enriched in transposable elements and in potentially RNA‐directed methylation contexts. When viewed in the context of genomic clusters, variation of DNA methylation at different sequence contexts exhibit distinctive segregation along different axes of variation in the redundancy analyses. Genomewide methylation showed much stronger associations with climate within the regional panel (Sweden) compared to the global (Eurasia). Together, these findings indicate that genetic and epigenetic variation across the genome may play a role in response to climate conditions and local adaptation.
Hybridization during altitudinal range shifts: nuclear introgression leads to extensive cyto‐nuclear discordance in the fire salamander
Authors: Pereira Ricardo J. , Martínez‐Solano Iñigo , Buckley David 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEcological models predict that, in the face of climate change, taxa occupying steep altitudinal gradients will shift their distributions, leading to the contraction or extinction of the high‐elevation (cold‐adapted) taxa. However, hybridization between ecomorphologically divergent taxa commonly occurs in nature and may lead to alternative evolutionary outcomes, such as genetic merger or gene flow at specific genes. We evaluate this hypothesis by studying patterns of divergence and gene flow across three replicate contact zones between high‐ and low‐elevation ecomorphs of the fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) that have experienced altitudinal range shifts over the current postglacial period. Strong population structure with high genetic divergence in mitochondrial DNA suggests that vicariant evolution has occurred over several glacial–interglacial cycles and that it has led to cryptic differentiation within ecomorphs. In current parapatric boundaries, we do not find evidence for local extinction and replacement upon postglacial expansion. Instead, parapatric taxa recurrently show discordance between mitochondrial and nuclear markers, suggesting nuclear‐mediated gene flow across contact zones. Isolation with migration models support this hypothesis by showing significant gene flow across all five parapatric boundaries. Together, our results suggest that, while some genomic regions, such as the mitochondria, may follow morphologic species traits and retreat to isolated mountain tops, other genomic regions, such as nuclear markers, may flow across parapatric boundaries, sometimes leading to a complete genetic merger. We show that despite high ecologic and morphologic divergence over prolonged periods of time, hybridization allows for evolutionary outcomes alternative to extinction and replacement of taxa in response to climate change.