bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and characterization of antimicrobial PVA hybrid films with N‐halamine modified chitosan nanospheres
Authors: Yin Maoli , Chen Xiaoli , Li Rong , Huang Dan , Fan Xiaoyan , Ren Xuehong , Huang Tung‐Shi 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTChitosan is a promising candidate as an antimicrobial agent in food packaging materials and biomaterials due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, non‐toxicity and biocidal activity. In this study, chitosan derivatives, α‐(5,5‐dimethyl hydantoin amino)‐chitosan (CS‐HDH), were synthesized. The CS‐HDH nanospheres were prepared by ionic gelation method and characterized by SEM, FT‐IR, XRD, and TGA‐DTG. The prepared novel chitosan nanospheres in the range of 200–300 nm had good dispersibility. The CS‐HDH nanospheres were used to prepare antibacterial PVA hybrid films by solvent evaporation technique. The surface morphology and thermal property of hybrid films were measured by SEM, AFM, and TGA‐DTG. The results of antibacterial test showed that the hybrid film with 1.24 × 1018 atoms/cm2 of active chlorine exhibited excellent antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7, and all of bacteria could be inactivated within 5 min. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44204.
Construction of Large‐Scale Ultrathin Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets by a Hydrogen‐Bond‐Assisted Strategy for Improved Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production and Ciprofloxacin Degradation Activity
Authors: Xing Weinan , Chen Gang , Li Chunmei , Sun Jingxue , Han Zhonghui , Zhou Yansong , Hu Yidong , Meng Qingqiang 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTwo‐dimensional nanosheets have attracted attention because of their fascinating properties in areas such as photocatalysis, sensors, and energy storage. Herein, a facile hydrogen‐bond‐assisted approach was designed to prepare graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) with large‐scale ultrathin nanosheets. Compared with previous methods, this method is simple, economical, and eco‐friendly. The as‐prepared ultrathin g‐C3N4 nanosheets have a few‐layer thickness of 2–3 nm and exhibit a significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity in both H2 production and ciprofloxacin degradation under visible light compared to pristine g‐C3N4. The enhanced photocatalytic activity is attributed to the minimal sheet thickness, high surface area, increased band gap, outstanding electron transport ability, and long charge‐carrier lifetime. In addition, the possible formation mechanism, transfer and separation behavior of the charge carriers, and the photocatalytic mechanism are discussed. This work presents a new hydrogen‐bond‐assisted self‐assembly strategy for the preparation of ultrathin g‐C3N4 nanosheets for application in photocatalysis.
Yttrium Siloxide Complexes Bearing Terminal Methyl Ligands: Molecular Models for Ln−CH3 Terminated Silica Surfaces
Authors: Dettenrieder Nicole , Dietrich H. Martin , Maichle‐Mössmer Cäcilia , Anwander Reiner 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSurface organometallic chemistry (SOMC) on silica materials is a prominent approach for the generation of highly active heterogenized polymerization catalysts. Despite advanced methods of characterization, the elucidation of the catalytically active surface species remains a challenging task. Alkylated rare‐earth metal siloxide complexes can be regarded as molecular models of respective covalently bonded alkylated surface species, primarily used for 1,3‐diene polymerization. Here, we performed both salt metathesis reactions of [Y(MMe4)3] (M = Al, Ga) with [K{OSi(OtBu)3}] and alkylation reactions of [Y{OSi(OtBu)3}3]2 with AlMe3. The obtained complexes [Y(CH3)[(AlMe2){OSi(OtBu)3}2](AlMe4)]2, [Y(CH3)[(AlMe2){OSi(OtBu)3}2]‐{OSi(OtBu)3}], [Y{OSi(OtBu)3}3(μ‐Me)Y(μ‐Me)2Y{OSi(OtBu)3}2(AlMe4)], and [Y(CH3)(GaMe4){OSi(OtBu)3}]2 represent rare examples of organoyttrium species with terminal methyl groups. The formation and purity of the mixed methyl/siloxy yttrium complexes could be enhanced by treating [Y(MMe4)3] with [K(MMe2){OSi(OtBu)3}2]n (M=Al: n=2; M=Ga: n=∞). Complexes [K(MMe2){OSi(OtBu)3}2]n were obtained by addition of [K{OSi(OtBu)3}] to [Me2M{OSi(OtBu)3}]2. Deeper insight into the fluxional behavior of the mixed methyl/siloxy yttrium complexes in solution was gained by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic studies at variable temperature and 1H–89Y HSQC NMR spectroscopy.
Bacterial contaminants from frozen puff pastry production process and their growth inhibition by antimicrobial substances from lactic acid bacteria
Authors: Rumjuankiat Kittaporn , Keawsompong Suttipun , Nitisinprasert Sunee 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSeventy‐five bacterial contaminants which still persisted to cleaning system from three puff pastry production lines (dough forming, layer and filling forming, and shock freezing) were identified using 16S rDNA as seven genera of Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Dermacoccus, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, and Staphylococcus with detection frequencies of 24.00, 2.66, 1.33, 37.33, 1.33, 2.66, and 30.66, respectively. Seventeen species were discovered while only 11 species Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, B. pumilus, Corynebacterium striatum, Dermacoccus barathri, Enterobacter asburiae, Staphylococcus kloosii, S. haemolyticus, S. hominis, S. warneri, and S. aureus were detected at the end of production. Based on their abundance, the highest abundance of E. asburiae could be used as a biomarker for product quality. While a low abundance of the mesophile pathogen C. striatum, which causes respiratory and nervous infection and appeared only at the shock freezing step was firstly reported for its detection in bakery product. Six antimicrobial substances (AMSs) from lactic acid bacteria, FF1‐4, FF1‐7, PFUR‐242, PFUR‐255, PP‐174, and nisin A were tested for their inhibition activities against the contaminants. The three most effective were FF1‐7, PP‐174, and nisin A exhibiting wide inhibition spectra of 88.00%, 85.33%, and 86.66%, respectively. The potential of a disinfectant solution containing 800 AU/ml of PP‐174 and nisin A against the most resistant strains of Enterobacter, Staphylococcus, Bacillus and Klebsiella was determined on artificially contaminated conveyor belt coupons at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 hr. The survival levels of the test strains were below 1 log CFU/coupon at 0 hr. The results suggested that a combined solution of PP‐174 and nisin A may be beneficial as a sanitizer to inhibit bacterial contaminants in the frozen puff pastry industry.
Heterogeneous Effects of a Nonlinear Price Schedule for Outpatient Care
Authors: Farbmacher Helmut , Ihle Peter , Schubert Ingrid , Winter Joachim , Wuppermann Amelie 
Published: August 2016

SummaryNonlinear price schedules generally have heterogeneous effects on health‐care demand. We develop and apply a finite mixture bivariate probit model to analyze whether there are heterogeneous reactions to the introduction of a nonlinear price schedule in the German statutory health insurance system. In administrative insurance claims data from the largest German health insurance plan, we find that some individuals strongly react to the new price schedule while a second group of individuals does not react. Post‐estimation analyses reveal that the group of the individuals who do not react to the reform includes the relatively sick. These results are in line with forward‐looking behavior: Individuals who are already sick expect that they will hit the kink in the price schedule and thus are less sensitive to the co‐payment. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Common Themes in Teaching Reading for Understanding: Lessons From Three Projects
Authors: Goldman Susan R. , Snow Catherine , Vaughn Sharon 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis article reflects a metaview of the work of the three research projects funded through the Institute for Education Sciences under the Reading for Understanding competition that addressed middle‐grade through high school readers (grades 4–12). All three projects shared the assumption that instruction is necessary for successful reading to learn just as it is for learning to read. Through multiple studies conducted independently, the three projects arrived at common themes and features of productive instruction for reading for understanding with adolescent readers. These common themes are elaborated with instructional examples and include the following: (a) Students purposefully engage with multiple forms of texts and actively process them, (b) instructional routines incorporate social support for reading through a variety of participation structures, and (c) instruction supports new content learning by leveraging prior knowledge and emphasizing key constructs and vocabulary.
ACT‐ONE ‐ ACTION at last on cancer cachexia by adapting a novel action beta‐blocker
Authors: Lainscak Mitja , Laviano Alessandro 
Published: August 2016

AbstractNovel action beta‐blockers combine many different pharmacological effects. The espindolol exhibits effects through β and central 5‐HT1α receptors to demonstrate pro‐anabolic, anti‐catabolic, and appetite‐stimulating actions. In the ACT‐ONE trial, espindolol reversed weight loss and improved handgrip strength in patients with cachexia due to non‐small cell lung cancer or colorectal cancer. With this trial, another frontier of cachexia management is in sight. Nonetheless, more efficacy and safety data is needed before new therapeutic indications for novel action beta‐blockers can be endorsed.
New genetic signatures associated with cancer cachexia as defined by low skeletal muscle index and weight loss
Authors: Johns Neil , Stretch Cynthia , Tan Benjamin H.L. , Solheim Tora S. , Sørhaug Sveinung , Stephens Nathan A. , Gioulbasanis Ioannis , Skipworth Richard J.E. , Deans D.A. Christopher , Vigano Antonio , Ross James A. , Bathe Oliver F. , Tremblay Michel L. , Kaasa Stein , Strasser Florian , Gagnon Bruno , Baracos Vickie E. , Damaraju Sambasivarao , Fearon Kenneth C.H. 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundCachexia affects the majority with advanced cancer. Based on current demographic and clinical factors, it is not possible to predict who will develop cachexia or not. Such variation may, in part, be due to genotype. It has recently been proposed to extend the diagnostic criteria for cachexia to include a direct measure of low skeletal muscle index (LSMI) in addition to weight loss (WL). We aimed to explore our panel of candidate single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) for association with WL +/− computerized tomography‐defined LSMI. We also explored whether the transcription in muscle of identified genes was altered according to such cachexia phenotypeMethodsA retrospective cohort study design was used. Analysis explored associations of candidate SNPs with WL (n = 1276) and WL + LSMI (n = 943). Human muscle transcriptome (n = 134) was analysed using an Agilent platform.ResultsSingle nucleotide polymorphisms in the following genes showed association with WL alone: GCKR, LEPR, SELP, ACVR2B, TLR4, FOXO3, IGF1, CPN1, APOE, FOXO1, and GHRL. SNPs in LEPR, ACVR2B, TNF, and ACE were associated with concurrent WL + LSMI. There was concordance between muscle‐specific expression for ACVR2B, FOXO1 and 3, LEPR, GCKR, and TLR4 genes and LSMI and/or WL (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe rs1799964 in the TNF gene and rs4291 in the ACE gene are new associations when the definition of cachexia is based on a combination of WL and LSMI. These findings focus attention on pro‐inflammatory cytokines and the renin–angiotensin system as biomarkers/mediators of muscle wasting in cachexia.
Advances in solar tower technology
Authors: Alexopoulos Spiros , Hoffschmidt Bernhard 
Published: August 2016

This article begins with a short introduction and continues with a presentation of solar tower power plants around the world. The focus is set on the developments of the last five years and in the near future of the most important components of a central receiver system (CRS). For each of the components, a description of each technology, its applicability, and the advantages and disadvantages is presented. The chapter also includes a state of the art review for almost each system and points out the Research and Development (R&D) needs. A further issue is the choice of the heat‐transfer fluid (HTF) as well as the improvement of new solar tower power plant cycle systems. The paper introduces recent R&D activities, with the majority occurring in Europe and the United States, as has been presented in international journals and conferences by scientific personnel. It also reflects opinions of experts who specialized in the planning and erection of solar power plants and carrying out CRS research projects. The future effort of R&D in these fields should improve efficiencies, increase durability and reliability, and reduce investment and Operation & Maintenance (O&M) costs. Nowadays, and in this decade, the most advances in CRS occur in the United States, in Europe, and in China. Furthermore, a great interest, especially for add‐ons to existing research platforms as well as the construction of new ones, can be observed for the last years for countries in the Middle East & North Africa region, such as Morocco as well as India, Australia, and South Africa. WIREs Energy Environ 2017, 6:e217. doi: 10.1002/wene.217This article is categorized under:

Concentrating Solar Power > Science and Materials
Concentrating Solar Power > Systems and Infrastructure
Concentrating Solar Power > Climate and Environment
Determinants of variation in home range of wild pigs
Authors: Schlichting Peter E. , Fritts Sarah R. , Mayer John J. , Gipson Philip S. , Dabbert C. Brad 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTHome range is expected to vary with ecological conditions to minimize size while still meeting the biological needs of the individual animal. Understanding the determinants of variation in home range size can be important when trying to manage or control an invasive species. Wild pigs (Sus scrofa) have been introduced throughout the globe and cause notable damage to native ecosystems. We quantified relationships of wild pig home range with environmental conditions across varying spatial and temporal scales to better understand population space use in areas invaded by wild pigs during March 2011 to August 2012 in Kent County, Texas, USA. We used mixed‐effects linear‐regression models to assess how allometric effects of body size and environmental variables (temp, elevation, latitude, and rainfall) could be used to predict home range size at a local scale. We then used general linear models with published data from 31 studies from the species’ global distribution to investigate the efficacy of environmental parameters as home range predictors. On account of either temporal or incomplete variables, home range was not well‐predicted at a local scale. Across their global distribution, the top ranked model included all 4 variables with home range positively associated with temperature, elevation, and latitude, but negatively associated with rainfall. Use of the global model represents a cost‐efficient way to estimate home ranges to control or eradicate wild pig populations. This information can be valuable for management of both established and newly introduced populations for population estimation and trapping density. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Annual survival rates of migratory shore and upland game birds
Authors: Arnold Todd W. , De Sobrino Cristina N. , Specht Hannah M. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTBand recoveries from hunted populations are widely used to estimate survival and harvest rates. We used long‐term (1950–2010) band‐recovery data from the United States and Canada to estimate average survival and recovery rates for juvenile and adult sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis), American coots (Fulica americana), clapper rails (Rallus longirostris), and Wilson's snipe (Gallinago delicata). Banding data were typically sparse and Brownie recovery rates ( f ) were <1% for most species and age classes, so we also utilized encounters from birds banded and recovered throughout the year, including nonhunting recoveries. Estimated juvenile and adult annual survival rates based on combined dead recoveries were 0.917 (SE = 0.080) and 0.884 (SE = 0.006) for sandhill cranes; 0.325 (SE = 0.025) and 0.583 (SE = 0.008) for American coots; 0.368 (SE = 0.070) and 0.500 (SE = 0.025) for clapper rails; and 0.372 (SE = 0.077) and 0.653 (SE = 0.020) for Wilson's snipe. American coots had sufficient band‐recovery data during 1951–1987 to estimate annual process variation in survival for juveniles ( = 0.017) and adults ( = 0.056). Based on average estimated juvenile and adult survival rates for each species, stable populations could be achieved with average annual recruitment rates (expressed as fledged young per adult in the preseason population) of 0.15 (SD = 0.02) for sandhill cranes, 1.26 (SD = 0.19) for American coots, 1.41 (SD = 0.31) for clapper rails, and 0.97 (SD = 0.23) for Wilson's snipe, with uncertainty reflecting measurement error in survival rates. Although band‐recovery models can be successfully applied to small data sets (e.g., 300–3,000 total recoveries in our analyses), juvenile survival estimates lacked precision and annual variation was inestimable for most species, leading to considerable uncertainty for population modeling efforts. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Sosa on knowledge, judgment and guessing
Authors: Carter J. Adam 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn Chapter 3 of Judgment and Agency, Sosa (Judgment and Agency, 2015) explicates the concept of a fully apt performance. In the course of doing so, he draws from illustrative examples of practical performances and applies lessons drawn to the case of cognitive performances, and in particular, to the cognitive performance of judging. Sosa’s examples in the practical sphere are rich and instructive. But there is, I will argue, an interesting disanalogy between the practical and cognitive examples he relies on. Ultimately, I think the source of the disanalogy is a problematic picture of the cognitive performance of guessing and its connection to knowledge and defeat. Once this critical line of argument is advanced, an alternative picture of guessing, qua cognitive performance, is articulated, one which avoids the problems discussed, and yet remains compatible with Sosa’s broader framework.
Embracing Uncertainty in Policy-Making: The Case of the Water Sector
Authors: Jensen Olivia , Wu Xun 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Recent research on policy-making under uncertainty in the water sector has contributed to our understanding of types and sources of uncertainty as well as to the development of tools and approaches to manage uncertainty. This paper reviews the literature and identifies several strands of systematic bias, notably an emphasis on natural sources of uncertainty over human sources; a tendency to treat sources of uncertainty as independent and a corresponding neglect of interaction between sources; and a focus on tools to reduce or contain uncertainty rather than to accommodate it. The papers in this issue contribute to overcoming these biases.
Wind-tunnel tests of a heavy-class helicopter optimised for drag reduction – CORRIGENDUM
Authors: Zanotti A. , Droandi G. , Gibertini G. , Grassi D. , Campanardi G. , Auteri F. , Aceti A. , Le Pape A. 
Published: August 2016

The authors were listed incorrectly in the article by Zanotti(1). The authors should have appeared in the following order:G. Gibertini, A. Zanotti, G. Droandi, D. Grassi, G. Campanardi, F. Auteri, A. Aceti and A. Le PapeThe article has now been updated with all authors listed in the correct order. This change has been made to the online and print PDF and HTML copies.
Reynolds-number dependence of turbulent skin-friction drag reduction induced by spanwise forcing
Authors: Gatti Davide , Quadrio Maurizio 
Published: August 2016

This paper examines how increasing the value of the Reynolds number $Re$ affects the ability of spanwise-forcing techniques to yield turbulent skin-friction drag reduction. The considered forcing is based on the streamwise-travelling waves of spanwise-wall velocity (Quadrio et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 627, 2009, pp. 161–178). The study builds upon an extensive drag-reduction database created via direct numerical simulation of a turbulent channel flow for two fivefold separated values of $Re$, namely $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}=200$ and $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}=1000$. The sheer size of the database, which for the first time systematically addresses the amplitude of the forcing, allows a comprehensive view of the drag-reducing characteristics of the travelling waves, and enables a detailed description of the changes occurring when $Re$ increases. The effect of using a viscous scaling based on the friction velocity of either the non-controlled flow or the drag-reduced flow is described. In analogy with other wall-based drag-reduction techniques, like riblets for example, the performance of the travelling waves is well described by a vertical shift of the logarithmic portion of the mean streamwise velocity profile. Except when $Re$ is very low, this shift remains constant with $Re$, at odds with the percentage reduction of the friction coefficient, which is known to present a mild, logarithmic decline. Our new data agree with the available literature, which is however mostly based on low-$Re$ information and hence predicts a quick drop of maximum drag reduction with $Re$. The present study supports a more optimistic scenario, where for an airplane at flight Reynolds numbers a drag reduction of nearly 30 % would still be possible thanks to the travelling waves.
Sea-trade in Early Times
Authors: Hornell James 
Published: August 2016

The few indications that have come down to us of ancient sea-traffic between the countries lying around the shores of the Red Sea, the Persian Gulf and the Indian Ocean are so fragmentary and obscure that it is extremely difficult to reconstruct any definite picture of their character and extent. In spite of this handicap study of the meagre evidence available compels the belief that movement by sea, although of a fluctuating character and confined for the most part to coastwise voyaging, was far more active and advanced in parts of this area in very early times than is generally realized. Had it been otherwise how could we interpret the signs graven on the rocks of the ravines of the Egyptian desert, and the transport by sea of great blocks of stone to Sumer in the time of Gudea of Lagash?The earliest evidence at present available comes from the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf, though it does not follow that either area is the cradle of sea-faring. It consists of :—(A) innumerable prehistoric and predynastic petroglyphs of ships engraved upon the rocks of the eastern desert of Egypt, particularly those in the Wadi Hammamat region;(B) the discovery on Sumerian sites of diorite statues, stated specifically to have been brought by sea from foreign lands early in the third millennium B.C.;(c) the presence in the ruins of Ur, Kish, and Lagash of artifacts cut from the shell of the sacred Indian chank (Xancus pyrum);(D) historical records of trading expeditions sent by sea from Egypt to Somaliland extending from the Vth to the XIIth Dynasties, and repeated in the XVIIIth Dynasty.
Archaeological Research in West Africa
Authors: Arkell A. J. 
Published: August 2016

The pilgrimage to Mecca made on foot across Africa from west to east between the desert and the tropical forest keeps many West Africans in close touch with the valley of the Nile. The pilgrims follow a route along which culture must from the earliest times have been spread by refugees, traders, military expeditions and the like. (In these latter days motorized convoys of West African troops and aerial reinforcements for the Middle East have followed the same route).Over twenty years’ service in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (of which twelve years were spent in Darfur, where the cultural and political influence of West Africa was strong in medieval times, and is still felt today), has left me much interested in West Africa, although I have never been there.