bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety of Medications Used to Treat Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases During Pregnancy and Lactation
Authors: Siegel Caroline H. , Sammaritano Lisa R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAutoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs) often affect women during their reproductive years, and early studies of pregnancy in these patients reported high rates of adverse outcomes. Continuation or initiation of safe and effective medications in the preconception period is beneficial for maintaining or achieving disease quiescence throughout pregnancy thereby improving both maternal and pregnancy outcomes. The European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology, the American College of Rheumatology, and the British Society for Rheumatology have published recommendations and guidelines regarding management of ARDs during pregnancy. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the American Gastroenterological Association have also provided guidance statements with relevant recommendations. This review provides an overview of available recommendations for medication use in ARD pregnancy, with discussion of safety considerations for maternal and fetal well-being. Medications considered compatible with pregnancy include hydroxychloroquine, sulfasalazine, azathioprine, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, and TNF inhibitors. Methotrexate, mycophenolate, leflunomide, and cyclophosphamide should be avoided before and during pregnancy. Other medications, most of them newer, are largely discouraged for use in pregnancy due to inadequate data or concerns for neonatal immunosuppression, including non-TNF biologics and small molecule therapies. Further investigation is needed regarding effects of non-TNF biologics, biosimilars, and small molecules in pregnancy. Important efforts for the future will include improved methodologies to gather critical safety data, with consideration of inclusion of pregnant women in clinical trials, a complex and controversial issue. Long-term information on outcomes in offspring of treated women is lacking for many of these medications.
Extensive Pulmonary AL Amyloidosis Mimicking Miliary Tuberculosis
Authors: Denizmen Dilara , Isik Emine Goknur , Vuralli Bakkaloglu Dogu , Buyukkaya Fikret , Sanli Yasemin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Amyloidosis is a misfolded protein deposition disorder within the extracellular matrix, leading to dysfunction in the affected organ. Primary amyloidosis manifests as AL and ATTR subtypes, wherein AL is associated with plasma cell dyscrasias. Herein we present a case of a patient who underwent investigation due to the presence of bilateral reticulonodular lung infiltrates, suggestive of miliary tuberculosis. 99mTc-PYP scan revealed widespread radiotracer uptake in the lungs leading to diagnosis of AL amyloidosis.
68Ga-FAPI and 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging in Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis for Recurrence and Therapeutic Response Assessment
Authors: Liu Mengna , Tang Ranbie , Chen Xi , Cai Liang , Huang Zhanwen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A 2-and-a-half-year-old boy with a previous history of Langerhans cell histiocytosis reached remission as assessed by 18F-FDG PET/CT. Routine follow-up 18F-FDG PET/CT revealed the appearance of new bone lesions in the right scapula and right ischium with abnormal FDG activity 3 months after the end of treatment, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis recurrence was considered. Meanwhile, these lesions also showed increased FAPI uptake. After adjusting the chemotherapy regimen, both FDG and FAPI uptake almost disappeared in these lesions.
Beyond 75: Graft Allocation and Organ Utility Implications in Liver Transplantation
Authors: Akabane Miho , Kwong Allison , Imaoka Yuki , Esquivel Carlos O. , Kim W. Ray , Melcher Marc L. , Sasaki Kazunari 
Published: September 2024

Background.
The global surge in aging has intensified debates on liver transplantation (LT) for candidates aged 75 y and older, given the prevalent donor scarcity. This study examined both the survival benefits and organ utility of LT for this age group.

Methods.
A total of 178 469 adult LT candidates from the United Network for Organ Sharing database (2003–2022) were analyzed, with 112 266 undergoing LT. Post-LT survival outcomes and waitlist dropout rates were monitored across varying age brackets. Multivariable Cox regression analysis determined prognostic indicators. The 5-y survival benefit was assessed by comparing LT recipients to waitlist candidates using hazard ratios. Organ utility was evaluated through a simulation model across various donor classifications.

Results.
Among candidates aged 75 y and older, 343 received LT. The 90-d graft and patient survival rates for these patients were comparable with those in other age categories; however, differences emerged at 1 and 3 y. Age of 75 y or older was identified as a significant negative prognostic indicator for 3-y graft survival (hazard ratio: 1.72 [1.20-2.42], P < 0.01). Dropout rates for the 75 y and older age category were 12.0%, 24.1%, and 35.1% at 90 d, 1 y, and 3 y, respectively. The survival benefit of LT for the 75 y and older cohort was clear when comparing outcomes between LT recipients and those on waitlists. However, organ utility considerations did not favor allocating livers to this age group, regardless of donor type. Comparing 3-y patient survival between LT using donors aged 60 y and younger and older than 60 y showed no significant difference (P = 0.50) in the 75 y or older cohort.

Conclusions.
Although LT offers survival benefits to individuals aged 75 y and older, the system may need rethinking to optimize the use of scarce donor livers, perhaps by matching older donors with older recipients.
Oral semaglutide improves glycemic control and lowers blood lipids: evidence from a real-world study
Authors: Gašparini Dora , Čakanić Fabijan , Tufekčić Tomislav , Rasnek Darko , Wensveen Felix M. , Turk Wensveen Tamara 
Published: September 2024

Background
The increasing global prevalence of type 2 diabetes necessitates innovative treatment strategies to mitigate not only hyperglycemia but also its associated cardiovascular risks. Oral semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, has shown high efficacy in lowering glucose and inducing weight loss in randomized trials. However, evidence of its beneficial effects in daily clinical practice is limited. In this study we determined the real-world effectiveness of oral semaglutide and investigated whether it impacts metabolic parameters beyond glucose and weight control in patients with moderate to high cardiovascular risk.

Methods
In a single-center outpatient setting, 53 patients with type 2 diabetes treated with oral semaglutide were retrospectively analyzed. Changes in anthropometric measurements and laboratory parameters over a follow-up period of 3–9 months were assessed.

Results
Oral semaglutide significantly improved glycemic control and facilitated weight loss, with 50% of patients achieving a body weight loss of ≥5% in a real-world setting. Moreover, oral semaglutide treatment reduced alanine aminotransferase and hepatic steatosis index significantly. In patients on stable lipid-lowering therapy, we observed a significant reduction in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels following treatment with oral semaglutide. Effects on liver inflammation were associated with glucose and weight control, whereas lipid-lowering effects were associated only with glucose control.

Conclusion
This real-world study demonstrates oral semaglutide efficacy beyond glucose and weight control suggesting its potential in comprehensive cardiovascular risk management in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Research to optimize the clinical use of oral semaglutide in diabetes care and cardiovascular risk reduction may further increase its beneficial effects.
EDA Fibronectin Microarchitecture and YAP Translocation During Wound Closure
Authors: Patten Jennifer , Halligan Patrick , Bashiri Ghazal , Kegel Michael , Bonadio Jacob D , Wang Karin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFibronectin (Fn) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein with mechanosensitive structure-function. EDA Fn, a Fn isoform, is not present in adult tissue but is required for tissue repair. Curiously, EDA Fn is linked to both regenerative and fibrotic tissue repair. Given that Fn mechanoregulates cell behavior, Fn EDA organization during wound closure might play a role in mediating these differing responses. One mechanism by which cells sense and respond to their microenvironment is by activating a transcriptional co-activator, Yes-associated protein (YAP). Interestingly, YAP activity is not only required for wound closure, but similarly linked to both regenerative and fibrotic repair. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate how, during normal and fibrotic wound closure, EDA Fn organization might modulate YAP translocation by culturing human dermal fibroblasts on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates mimicking normal (soft: 18 kPa) and fibrotic (stiff: 146 kPa) wounded skin. On stiffer substrates mimicking fibrotic wounds, fibroblasts assembled an aligned EDA Fn matrix comprising thinner fibers, suggesting increased microenvironmental tension. To evaluate if cell binding to the EDA domain of Fn was essential to overall matrix organization, fibroblasts were treated with Irigenin, which inhibits binding to the EDA domain within Fn. Blocking adhesion to EDA led to randomly organized EDA Fn matrices with thicker fibers, suggesting reduced microenvironmental tension even during fibrotic wound closure. To evaluate if YAP signaling plays a role in EDA Fn organization, fibroblasts were treated with CA3, which suppresses YAP activity in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with CA3 also led to randomly organized EDA Fn matrices with thicker fibers, suggesting a potential connected mechanism of reducing tension during fibrotic wound closure. Next, YAP activity was assessed to evaluate the impact of EDA Fn organization. Interestingly, fibroblasts migrating on softer substrates mimicking normal wounds increased YAP activity but on stiffer substrates, decreased YAP activity. When fibroblasts on stiffer substrates were treated with Irigenin or CA3, fibroblasts increased YAP activity. These results suggest there may be disrupted signaling between EDA Fn organization and YAP translocation during fibrotic wound closure that could be restored when reestablishing normal EDA Fn matrix organization to instead drive regenerative wound repair.
Cadherin 16 promotes sensory gating via the endocrine corpuscles of Stannius
Authors: Schloss Susannah S. , Marshall Zackary Q. , Santistevan Nicholas J. , Gjorcheska Stefani , Stenzel Amanda , Barske Lindsey , Nelson Jessica C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSensory thresholds enable animals to regulate their behavioral responses to environmental threats. Despite the importance of sensory thresholds for animal behavior and human health, we do not yet have a full appreciation of the underlying molecular-genetic and circuit mechanisms. The larval zebrafish acoustic startle response provides a powerful system to identify molecular mechanisms underlying establishment of sensory thresholds and plasticity of thresholds through mechanisms like habituation. Using this system, we identify Cadherin 16 as a previously undescribed regulator of sensory gating. We demonstrate that Cadherin 16 regulates sensory thresholds via an endocrine organ, the corpuscle of Stannius (CS), which is essential in zebrafish for regulating Ca2+homeostasis. We further show that Cadherin 16 regulates whole-body calcium and ultimately behavior through the hormone Stanniocalcin 1L, and the IGF-regulatory metalloprotease, Papp-aa. Finally, we demonstrate the importance of the CS through ablation experiments that reveal its role in promoting normal acoustic sensory gating. Together, our results uncover a previously undescribed brain non-autonomous pathway for the regulation of behavior and establish Ca2+homeostasis as a critical process underlying sensory gatingin vivo.
Genetics of Motor Neuron Disease in New Zealand
Authors: Mrkela Miran , Rodrigues Miriam , Naidoo Serey , Devaux Jules B.L. , Kirk Siobhan E. , Vinnakota Chitra , Buchanan Christina M. , Mulroy Dympna , Fraser Harry , Jacobsen Jessie C. , Wyatt Hannah , Drake Kylie , Parker Elsa , Potter Howard , Henden Lyndal , McCann Emily P. , Williams Kelly L. , Henders Anjali K. , Roxburgh Richard H. , Scotter Emma L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMotor neuron disease (MND) is a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterised by adult-onset progressive degeneration of motor neurons, of which amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common. MND is clinically heterogenous with complex aetiology, being caused by or associated with over 40 different genes, along with multiple environmental risk factors. Although New Zealand has one of the highest incidence and mortality rates of MND globally, the reasons for this are yet to be determined.In light of this lack of systematic genetic MND research in New Zealand, we sought to identify the frequencies of genetic variants in known MND-linked genes in people in New Zealand with MND. A total of 184 participants were enrolled; 149 with a clinical diagnosis of MND and 35 who were clinically unaffected but at risk of familial MND. Of the 149 affected, 128 had sporadic MND, and 21 had familial MND. Participants’ DNA was screened for genetic variation in 46 MND-associated genes using a combination of Sanger sequencing, Illumina single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray, repeat-primed PCR forC9orf72, and an Invitae gene panel.Clinical phenotypes of participants with MND recapitulated the trends seen in European reference populations with both males, and individuals with spinal onset, having earlier disease onset. Thirty three of the 184 participants (17.9%) carried known pathogenic variants; the majority hadC9orf72hexanucleotide repeat expansion (24/34), and the remainder had previously reported pathogenic genetic variants inSOD1(9/34; p.(Ile114Thr) and p.(Glu101Gly)). All NZSOD1p.(Ile114Thr) cases (n=4) were distantly related (identical-by- descent) to one another and a cluster of >30 MND cases from Australia with the same variant. Variants of interest were identified in 14 participants, of which splicing variantsDCTN1:c.279+1G>C andATP13A2p.(Lys804=) are subject to ongoing study. Of the pathogenic variants, 48.4% were identified in pre-symptomatic unaffected individuals with a family history, highlighting the importance of offering cascade testing and symptom surveillance for families, particularly as gene-specific treatments are becoming available.
Implementation of Male-Specific Motivational Interviewing in Malawi: An Assessment of Intervention Fidelity and Barriers to Scale-Up
Authors: Holland Katherine Ničev , Hubbard Julie , Mphande Misheck , Robson Isabella , Phiri Khumbo , Onoya Dorina , Chikuse Elijah , Dovel Kathryn , Choko Augustine 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionTreatment interruption (TI), defined as >28 days late for ART appointment, is one of the greatest challenges in controlling southern African HIV epidemics. Negative client-provider interactions remain a major reason for TI and barrier for return to care, especially for men. Motivational interviewing (MI) facilitates client-driven counseling and improves client-provider interactions by facilitating equitable, interactive counseling that helps clients understand and develop solutions for their unique needs. Fidelity of MI counseling in resource-constrained health systems is challenging.MethodsWe developed a male-specific MI curriculum for Malawian male TI clients. Four psychosocial counselors (PCs, a high-level Malawian counseling cadre) received a 2.5-day curriculum training and job-aid to guide MI counseling approaches. They participated in monthly phone-based discussions with their manager about MI-based solutions to challenges faced. PCs implemented the MI curriculum with men >15 years who were actively experiencing TI. Clients were found at home (through tracing) or at the facility (for those who returned to care on their own). MI counseling sessions were recorded, transcribed, translated into English, and coded in Atlas.ti v9. MI quality was assessed using a modified version of the validated Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity tool. The tool has two measures: 1) counts of key MI behaviors throughout the session (questions, reflections, etc.); and 2) overarching scores (using a five-point scale) that characterize three MI dimensions for an entire counseling session (cultivating change talk, partnership, and empathy).Results44 MI sessions were recorded and analyzed between 4/1/22-8/1/22. 64% of counseling sessions focused on work and travel as the main reason for TI. 86% of sessions yielded client-driven, tailored solutions for overcoming TI. PCs implemented multiple MI behaviors very well: asking questions, giving information, simple reflections, and client affirmation. Few PCs used complex reflection, emphasized autonomy, or sought collaboration with clients. Among overarching MI dimensions, HCWs scored high in partnership (promoting client-driven discussions) and cultivating change talk (encouraging client-driven language and behavior change confidence) but scored sub-optimal in empathy. Only 5 sessions had confrontational/negative PC attitudes.ConclusionsPCs implemented MI with fidelity and quality resulting in tailored, actionable plans for male re-engagement in HIV treatment in Malawi.Clinical Trial NumberNCT05137210 andNCT04858243
A Large Language Model-based Approach for Analyzing Covariates of Health Equity in Registered Research Projects
Authors: Nananukul Navapat , Kejriwal Mayank 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLarge language models (LLMs) have made significant advancements in natural language processing, offering broad applications in multiple domains. This study explores the use of the GPT-3.5 LLM to conduct efficient and robust computational analysis of registered research projects on theAll of Usplatform. Specifically, we explore the association between projects pursuing health equity research and: the project’s use of demographic categories (whichAll of Usenables), the multi-institutional composition of the team leading the project, and the involvement of R2 institutions (compared to only R1 institutions). We demonstrate the utility of GPT-3.5 in automating tasks ranging from generating Python scripts for extracting attributes from free text (such as project description and goals) to identifying and classifying institutions as R1 and R2, and summarizing project details into Unified Medical Language System (UMLS)-coded medical keywords. These contributions significantly reduced manual workload, allowing researchers to focus on more in-depth analysis. Our results reveal health equity insights not readily available in the originalAll of Usresearch hub. Specifically, we find a strong positive association between the use of demographic data and projects focused on health equity, while other associations such as health equity projects conducted by institutions were positive but weaker and more dependent on specific project topics.
Sedentary Habits and Obesity: The Role of TV, Unemployment, and White-Collar Work on Obesity in Reproductive-Aged Women in Bangladesh
Authors: Alam Md. Zakiul , Sheoti Isna Haque 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionIn Bangladesh, overweight and obesity are increasingly alarming, especially among women. Thus, this paper aims to explore whether television watching, white-collar jobs, and unemployment are working as sedentary behavior to increase overweight and obesity in Bangladesh.Data and methodsWe utilized cross-sectional data from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey, 2017-2018. The dependent variable of the study was the nutritional status of women using three different measures: body mass index (BMI), Asian body mass index (ABMI), and tri-ponderal mass index (TMI). The frequency of watching television (TV) and types of employment were the two predictors of overweight and obesity in this study. The Multilevel Ordered Logistic Regression Analysis was used in this study.ResultsWomen who have watched television at least once a week are more likely to have a BMI ≥25 and become overweight (30.3%) and obese (9.3%) than those who did not watch TV at all (20.1% and 3%). This same pattern of BMI is discernible among unemployed women (28.7% and 8.2%) compared to women in agricultural work (16% and 2.9%). Professional women have the highest risk of being overweight and obese (35.4% and 10.9%). The pattern of overweight and obese is consistent for ABMI and PMI. However, these indicators (ABMI & PMI) report a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity than BMI.ConclusionIn this era of technology, TV watching, and other technology will increase with time. More and more women are engaging in white-collar jobs or looking for jobs. In these circumstances, policymakers need to focus on how this use of technology can decrease overweight and obesity among women. More studies need to be conducted to explore the effect of other sedentary behaviors and take steps based on those studies to reduce the increasing rate of overweight and obesity.
p53motifDB: integration of genomic information and tumor suppressor p53 binding motifs
Authors: Baniulyte Gabriele , Hicks Sawyer M. , Sammons Morgan A. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe tumor suppressor geneTP53encodes the DNA binding transcription factor p53 and is one of the most commonly mutated genes in human cancer. Tumor suppressor activity requires binding of p53 to its DNA response elements and subsequent transcriptional activation of a diverse set of target genes. Despite decades of close study, the logic underlying p53 interactions with its numerous potential genomic binding sites and target genes is not yet fully understood. Here, we present a database of DNA and chromatin-based information focused on putative p53 binding sites in the human genome to allow users to generate and test new hypotheses related to p53 activity in the genome. Users can query genomic locations based on experimentally observed p53 binding, regulatory element activity, genetic variation, evolutionary conservation, chromatin modification state, and chromatin structure. We present multiple use cases demonstrating the utility of this database for generating novel biological hypotheses, such as chromatin-based determinants of p53 binding and potential cell type-specific p53 activity. All database information is also available as a precompiled sqlite database for use in local analysis or as a Shiny web application.