bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel and validated prognostic nomogram based on liver fibrosis and tumor burden for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection
Authors: Huang Jin‐Long , Fu Yi‐Peng , Jing Chu‐Yu , Yi Yong , Sun Jian , Gan Wei , Lu Zhu‐Feng , Zhou Jian , Fan Jia , Qiu Shuang‐Jian 
Published: November 2017

Background and ObjectivesMost conventional staging systems were formulated concerning the tumor burden rather than the severity of liver fibrosis, which plays a central role in tumor promotion. The aim of this study was to formulate a prognostic nomogram comprehensively considering these two aspects for HCC after hepatectomy.MethodsThe prognostic significances of the four indicators namely laminin, hyaluronic acid, human procollagen type‐III, and collagen type‐IV that reflect liver fibrosis were explored in two independent cohorts. A nomogram was established based on the results of multivariate analysis. The predictive accuracy of the nomogram was measured by concordance index (C‐index) and calibration. The decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to evaluate the clinical benefit of the nomogram.ResultsPreoperative serum laminin level is an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in HCC patients after resection. The C‐indices of the nomogram in the training and validation cohorts were 0.779 and 0.719, respectively. The calibration showed optimal agreement between the prediction by nomogram and actual observation. Moreover, the C‐indices and DCA revealed that the nomogram provided better clinical benefit compared with the BCLC stage, CLIP score, and AJCC 7th edition.ConclusionsThe prognostic nomogram constructed on laminin represents a superior predictive model.
Identification of predisposing factors for osteonecrosis of the jaw after marginal mandibulectomy in the surgical management of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ito Ran , Huang Jung‐Ju , Hsieh Wei‐Chuan , Kao Huang‐Kai , Lao William Wei‐Kai , Fang Ku‐Hao , Huang Yenlin , Chang Yu‐Liang , Cheng Ming‐Huei , Chang Kai‐Ping 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundThe aim of this study is to evaluate osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) with the extent of marginal mandibulectomy.MethodsBetween January 2006 and December 2012, 3087 patients undergoing ablative resection were consecutively enrolled. Among them, 345 cases undergoing marginal mandibulectomy were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsThe occurrence of ONJ was 5.51% and associated with body mass index, overall stage, diabetes, concomitant mandibulotomy, and radiotherapy (P = 0.023, 0.033, 0.009, 0.016, and 0.006, respectively). As for bone parameters based on radiological measurements after marginal mandibulectomy, resected bone height, remaining bone height to original bone height ratio, and resected bone height to original bone height ratio were associated with ONJ. In multivariate logistic analyses, concomitant mandibulotomy, radiotherapy, diabetes, resected bone height of >14.5 mm, resected bone height to original bone height ratio of >49.5%, and remaining bone height to original bone height ratio of <53.5% indicated higher risks for ONJ (adjusted HR: 4.345, 4.152, 4.079, 3.402, 3.541, and 3.211; P = 0.018, 0.013, 0.009, 0.021, 0.018, and 0.043, respectively).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the predisposing factors and parameters associated with ONJ with marginal mandibulectomy; more caution is necessitated in performing marginal mandibulectomy in patients with multiple risks to prevent ONJ.
Microphase‐Separated Morphology and Liquid Crystal Orientation in Block Copolymers Comprising a Main‐Chain Liquid Crystalline Central Segment Connected to Side‐Chain Liquid Crystalline Segments at Both Ends
Authors: Koga Maito , Sato Kazunori , Kang Sungmin , Tokita Masatoshi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe self‐assembly behavior of ABA triblock copolymers comprising side‐chain (SC) liquid crystalline (LC) polymer (A blocks) and a main‐chain (MC) LC polyester (B block) is investigated for SCLC segment volume fractions (ϕ) ranging from 22% to 81%. At ϕ = 81% and 65%, the MCLC segments form cylinders and spheres, respectively, embedded in an SCLC matrix. At ϕ ≤ 56%, block copolymers form lamellar microdomains in which each segment forms smectic layers parallel to the lamellae. Whereas MCLC segments are mostly extended along the lamella normal but are folded to fit within the lamellae, the SCLC segment backbone is more elongated, traversing the smectic layers. Such backbone dimensions and mesogens' orientation in the SCLC segment are explained in light of the small interfacial area with the B5 segment, which is conserved even when the SCLC segment is in the isotropic liquid state.
Percutaneous Endoscopic Transgastric Jejunostomy (PEG‐J) Tube Placement for Levodopa‐Carbidopa Intrajejunal Gel Therapy in the Interventional Radiology Suite: A Long‐term Follow‐up
Authors: Saddi Maria Valeria , Sarchioto Marianna , Serra Giulia , Murgia Daniela , Ricchi Valeria , Melis Marta , Arca Roberta , Carreras Pierpaolo , Sitzia Loredana , Zedda Sandro , Dui Giovanni , Rossi Rosario , Ticca Anna , Melis Maurizio , Cossu Giovanni 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundPercutaneous endoscopic gastrojejunostomy (PEG) and radiologically inserted gastrojejunostomy (RIG) are both safe and effective techniques for gastrojejunal tube placement. The authors compared these 2 procedures in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) who required the continuous intrajejunal delivery of a levodopa/carbidopa gel suspension (LCIG).MethodsOutcomes were retrospectively collated from 30 PEG and 12 RIG procedures performed at 2 centers in patients with advanced PD for the delivery of LCIG.ResultsBaseline clinical characteristics, incidence of early severe adverse events, late major complications, dropout, and the mean time‐lapse of tube replacements were comparable in the PEG and RIG groups.ConclusionThe current results suggest that, in patients with PD, the RIG technique is as safe and effective as the endoscopic procedure, and it can be considered a valid option for patients who require LCIG when the endoscopic procedure is not available or unfeasible.
Lithospermum erythrorhizon Root and its Naphthoquinones Repress SREBP1c and Activate PGC1α Through AMPKα
Authors: Velliquette Rodney A. , Rajgopal Arun , Rebhun John , Glynn Kelly 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveTo examine specific molecular mechanisms involved in modulating hepatic lipogenesis and mitochondria biogenesis signals by Lithospermum erythrorhizon (gromwell) root extract.MethodsStable cell lines with luciferase reporter constructs were generated to examine sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP1c) and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 (PGC1) α promoter activity and estrogen‐related receptor (ERR) α response element activity. Gene expression of SREBP1c, stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase 1, and PGC1α was measured by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Lipogenesis was measured in human hepatoma cells with Nile red staining and flow cytometry. Phosphorylation of AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) α was determined by using ELISA and Western blot.ResultsGromwell root extract and its naphthoquinones dose‐dependently repressed high glucose and liver X receptor α induction of SREBP1c promoter activity and gene expression. Hepatic lipogenesis was repressed, and PGC1α promoter and gene expression and ERRα response element activity were increased by gromwell root extract. Gromwell root extract, shikonin, and α‐methyl‐n‐butyrylshikonin increased AMPKα phosphorylation, and inhibition of AMPK blunted the repression in SREBP1c promoter activity by gromwell root extract and its naphthoquinones.ConclusionsData suggest that gromwell root extract and its naphthoquinones repress lipogenesis by increasing the phosphorylated state of AMPKα and stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis signals.
The Effects of Federal Adoption Incentive Awards for Older Children on Adoptions From U.S. Foster Care
Authors: Brehm Margaret E. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis paper analyzes state responses to the 2003 and 2008 changes in the federal Adoption Incentives program to increase adoptions from the U.S. foster care system. The 2003 change introduced a $4,000 payment to states for every adoption of a child aged 9 and older above a state‐specific baseline. In 2008, the payment was doubled to $8,000. Using a discrete hazard model cast in a difference‐in‐differences framework, I do not find robust evidence that the incentives increased the probability of adoption for older children relative to younger children following the policy changes. I also do not find that the incentives affected the timing of adoption, likelihood of termination of parental rights, or the amounts of adoption assistance for older children relative to younger children. The findings illustrate the incentives are unable to help states overcome many of the challenges associated with achieving adoption for older children.
Crosslinking mechanisms, structure and glass transition in phthalonitrile resins: Insight from computer multiscale simulations and experiments
Authors: Guseva Daria Victorovna , Rudyak Vladimir Yurievich , Komarov Pavel Vyacheslavovich , Sulimov Artem Vitalievich , Bulgakov Boris Anatolievich , Chertovich Alexander Victorovich 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTThe influence of crosslinking process on the resulting structural properties of phthalonitrile matrices is studied through theoretical and experimental investigations. Multiscale procedure for generating fully atomistic phthalonitrile networks with simulation of radical polymerization reactions and specific reactions of triazine formation at the mesoscale level is presented and applied to the case of phthalonitrile resin based on low‐melting monomer bis(3‐(3,4‐dicyanophenoxy)phenyl)phenyl phosphate. The structural properties of the generated networks of various conversions and with various amount of triazine are analyzed using the dissipative particle dynamics and atomistic molecular dynamics. Triazine‐containing networks are much sparser in comparison with triazine‐free ones in terms of simple cycle size. The values of density, coefficients of linear thermal expansion and glass transition temperatures (Tgs) agree with obtained experimental data, and are very similar for different crosslinking mechanisms. The dependence of Tg on conversion correlates well with the sol–gel transition in network structure. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 362–374
Event‐based asynchronous communication and sampled control for synchronization of multiagent networks with input saturation
Authors: Zhang Liangyin , Chen Michael Z.Q. , Su Housheng , Chen Guanrong 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThis paper investigates the problem of event‐based synchronization of linear dynamical networks subject to input saturation. The asynchronous neighboring information transmission is triggered by distributed events. The sampled control technique is utilized to exclude both the internal Zeno behavior of each agent and the network Zeno behavior attributed to neighboring agents. Allowing the input saturation to be attained, an event‐based global synchronization algorithm is proposed for multiagent networks with neutrally stable dynamics. For general linear networks, an event‐triggered control protocol is designed using the modified algebraic Riccati equation, with a low‐gain cooperative control law proposed to achieve semiglobal synchronization. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the theoretical results.
Fe3O4‐MWCNT Magnetic Nanocomposites as Efficient Fenton‐Like Catalysts for Degradation of Sulfamethazine in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Tang Juntao , Wang Jianlong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSulfamethazine (SMT) is a ubiquitous pollutant due to its extensive application, and it cannot be effectively removed by conventional wastewater treatment processes. In this study, a magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles immobilized on multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (Fe3O4/MWCNTs) composites were synthesized, characterized and used as heterogeneous Fenton‐like catalysts for SMT degradation. The MWCNTs scaffold with large surface area and good adsorption capacity can improve Fe3O4 dispersibility and facilitate pollutant adsorption. The Fe3O4/MWCNTs exhibited enhanced catalytic activity for SMT degradation. The effects of initial pH, H2O2 dosage, catalyst dosage, initial SMT concentrations and temperature on SMT degradation were investigated. The results showed that the removal efficiency of SMT and total organic carbon was 98.3% and 59.7%, respectively, under optimal reaction conditions. The Fe3O4/MWCNTs also showed stable catalytic activity, reusability and easy recycling. Furthermore, the main oxidation products of SMT degradation and the primary active radical were identified, and the possible catalytic mechanism was tentatively proposed.
Andrographolide inhibits hypoxia‐induced hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α and endothelin 1 expression through the heme oxygenase 1/CO/cGMP/MKP‐5 pathways in EA.hy926 cells
Authors: Lin Hung‐Chih , Su Shih‐Li , Lin Wan‐Chun , Lin Ai‐Hsuan , Yang Ya‐Chen , Lii Chong‐Kuei , Chen Haw‐Wen 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAndrographolide is a potent anti‐inflammatory agent found in Andrographis paniculata. Endothelin 1 (ET‐1) is an endothelium‐derived vasoconstrictor with pro‐inflammatory properties secreted in response to hypoxia. Mitogen‐activated protein kinase phosphatase 5 (MKP‐5) is a dual‐specificity phosphatase that dephosphorylates threonine and tyrosine residues of MAPKs. We showed previously that hypoxia‐induced HIF‐1α expression and ET‐1 secretion are dependent on p38 MAPK in EA.hy926 cells. Here, we investigate what role MKP‐5 plays in andrographolide's inhibition of hypoxia‐induced expression of HIF‐1α and ET‐1. Hypoxic conditions were created using the hypoxia‐mimetic agent CoCl2. Andrographolide enhanced HO‐1 and MKP‐5 expression and cellular cGMP content in addition to inhibiting hypoxia‐induced ROS generation. Concomitantly, the HO‐1 byproduct CO and the cGMP analogue 8‐bromoguanosine 3′,5′‐cyclic monophosphate (8‐Br‐cGMP) increased MKP‐5 expression, and pretreatment with CO and 8‐Br‐cGMP inhibited hypoxia‐induced HIF‐1α and ET‐1 expression. Transfection of HO‐1 siRNA or pretreatment with the HO‐1 inhibitor ZnPP‐9 or 1H‐[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3‐a]quinoxalin‐1‐one, a specific inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase, reduced andrographolide‐induced MKP‐5 expression. Moreover, silencing MKP‐5 or treatment with the phosphatase inhibitor vanadate abrogated andrographolide's suppressing hypoxia‐induced p38 MAPK activation and HIF‐1α expression. The inhibition of hypoxia‐induced HIF‐1α and ET‐1 expression by andrographolide is likely associated with HO‐1/CO/cGMP/MKP‐5 pathways, which is involved in inhibiting hypoxia‐induced p38 MAPK activation.
How landscape organization and scale shape catchment hydrology and biogeochemistry: insights from a long‐term catchment study
Authors: Laudon Hjalmar , Sponseller Ryan A. 
Published: November 2017

Catchment science plays a critical role in the protection of water resources in the face of ongoing changes in climate, long‐range transport of air pollutants, and land use. Addressing these challenges, however, requires improved understanding of how, when, and where changes in water quantity and quality occur within river networks. To reach these goals, we must recognize how different catchment features are organized to regulate surface chemistry at multiple scales, from processes controlling headwaters, to the downstream mixing of water from multiple landscape sources and deep aquifers. Here we synthesize 30‐years of hydrological and biogeochemical research from the Krycklan catchment study (KCS) in northern Sweden to demonstrate the benefits of coupling long‐term monitoring with multi‐scale research to advance our understanding of catchment functioning across space and time. We show that the regulation of hydrological and biogeochemical patterns in the KCS can be decomposed into four, hierarchically structured landscape features that include: (1) transmissivity and reactivity of dominant source layers within riparian soils, (2) spatial arrangement of groundwater input zones that govern water and solute fluxes at reach‐ to segment‐scales, (3) landscape scale heterogeneity (forests, mires, and lakes) that generates unique biogeochemical signals downstream, and (4) broad‐scale mixing of surface streams with deep groundwater contributions. While this set of features are perhaps specific to the study region, analogous hierarchical controls are likely to be widespread. Resolving these scale dependent processes is important for predicting how, when, and where different environmental changes may influence patterns of surface water chemistry within river networks. WIREs Water 2018, 5:e1265. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1265This article is categorized under:

Science of Water > Hydrological Processes
Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change
Science of Water > Methods
Neural cells generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells as a model of CNS involvement in mucopolysaccharidosis type II
Authors: Rybová Jitka , Ledvinová Jana , Sikora Jakub , Kuchař Ladislav , Dobrovolný Robert 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPSII) is a rare X‐linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the iduronate‐2‐sulfatase (IDS) gene (IDS, Xq28). MPSII is characterized by skeletal deformities, hearing loss, airway obstruction, hepatosplenomegaly, cardiac valvular disease, and progressive neurological impairment. At the cellular level, IDS deficiency leads to lysosomal storage of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), dominated by accumulation of dermatan and heparan sulfates. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) represent an alternative system that complements the available MPSII murine model. Herein we report on the reprogramming of peripheral white blood cells from male and female MPSII patients into iPSC using a non‐integrating protocol based on the Sendai virus vector system. We differentiated the iPSC lines into IDS deficient and GAG accumulating β‐Tubulin III+ neurons, GFAP+ astrocytes, and CNPase+ oligodendrocytes. The lysosomal system in these cells displayed structural abnormalities reminiscent of those previously found in patient tissues and murine IDS deficient neuronal stem cells. Furthermore, quantitative determination of GAGs revealed a moderate increase in GAG levels in IDS deficient neurons and glia. We also tested the effects of recombinant IDS and found that the exogenous enzyme was internalized from the culture media and partially decreased the intracellular GAG levels in iPSC‐derived neural cells; however, it failed to completely prevent accumulation of GAGs. In summary, we demonstrate that this human iPSC based model expresses the cellular and biochemical features of MPSII, and thus represents a useful experimental tool for further pathogenesis studies as well as therapy development and testing.
A Regular Integral Equation Formalism for Solving the Standard Boussinesq’s Equations for Variable Water Depth
Authors: Jang T. S. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This paper begins with a question of existence of a regular integral equation formalism, but different from the existing usual ones, for solving the standard Boussinesq’s equations for variable water depth (or Peregrine’s model). For the question, a pseudo-water depth parameter, suggested by Jang (Commun Nonlinear Sci Numer Simul 43:118–138, 2017), is introduced to alter the standard Boussinesq’s equations into an integral formalism. This enables us to construct a regular (nonlinear) integral equations of second kind (as required), being equivalent to the standard Boussinesq’s equations (of Peregrine’s model). The (constructed) integral equations are, of course, inherently different from the usual integral equation formalisms. For solving them, the successive approximation (or the fixed point iteration) is applied (Jang 2017), whereby a new iterative formula is immediately derived, in this paper, for numerical solutions of the standard Boussinesq’s equations for variable water depth. The formula, semi-analytic and derivative-free, is shown to be useful to observe especially the nonlinear wave phenomena of shallow water waves on a beach. In fact, a numerical experiment is performed on a solitary wave approaching a sloping beach. It shows clearly the main feature of nonlinear wave characteristics, which has reached good agreement with the known (numerical) solutions. Hence, while being theoretical but fundamental in nonlinear computational partial differential equations, the question raised in the study may be solved.
Body mass index and risk of dementia: Analysis of individual‐level data from 1.3 million individuals
Authors: Kivimäki Mika , Luukkonen Ritva , Batty G. David , Ferrie Jane E. , Pentti Jaana , Nyberg Solja T. , Shipley Martin J. , Alfredsson Lars , Fransson Eleonor I. , Goldberg Marcel , Knutsson Anders , Koskenvuo Markku , Kuosma Eeva , Nordin Maria , Suominen Sakari B. , Theorell Töres , Vuoksimaa Eero , Westerholm Peter , Westerlund Hugo , Zins Marie , Kivipelto Miia , Vahtera Jussi , Kaprio Jaakko , Singh‐Manoux Archana , Jokela Markus 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIntroductionHigher midlife body mass index (BMI) is suggested to increase the risk of dementia, but weight loss during the preclinical dementia phase may mask such effects.MethodsWe examined this hypothesis in 1,349,857 dementia‐free participants from 39 cohort studies. BMI was assessed at baseline. Dementia was ascertained at follow‐up using linkage to electronic health records (N = 6894). We assumed BMI is little affected by preclinical dementia when assessed decades before dementia onset and much affected when assessed nearer diagnosis.ResultsHazard ratios per 5‐kg/m2 increase in BMI for dementia were 0.71 (95% confidence interval = 0.66–0.77), 0.94 (0.89–0.99), and 1.16 (1.05–1.27) when BMI was assessed 10 years, 10‐20 years, and >20 years before dementia diagnosis.ConclusionsThe association between BMI and dementia is likely to be attributable to two different processes: a harmful effect of higher BMI, which is observable in long follow‐up, and a reverse‐causation effect that makes a higher BMI to appear protective when the follow‐up is short.
LOVE, MONEY, LOCATION: THE INTERCONNECTEDNESS OF MARITAL STATUS, INCOME, AND LOCATION CHOICE OF IMMIGRANTS TO BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA
Authors: Voia Marcel , Ci Wen , Haan Michael 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe objectives of this study are twofold: first, we assess what factors “anchors” are keeping immigrants in their current place of residence, and what variables drive immigrants to move out of their community. Second, we also look at how the effects of these factors on migration differ by whether or not immigrants are living in ethnic enclaves and by the macro-level economic environment. We find that the conventional “anchors” of mobility are less powerful for immigrants living in co-ethnic regions. Results also show that under depressed economic conditions, migration decisions are largely driven by economic factors, and that socio-demographic factors like marital status are less consequential. Conversely, when general economic conditions are better for immigrants, marital status will weigh more heavily on migration decisions.