bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential urinary biomarkers of nephrotoxicity in cyclophosphamide‐treated rats investigated by NMR‐based metabolic profiling
Authors: Lim Sa Rang , Hyun Sun‐Hee , Lee Seul Gi , Kim Jin‐Young , Kim So‐Hyun , Park Sang‐Jin , Moon Kyoung‐Sik , Sul Donggeun , Kim Dong Hyun , Choi Hyung‐Kyoon 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe anticancer‐drug cyclophosphamide (CP) is known to have nephrotoxicity. The aim of this study was to identify urinary biomarkers indicating CP‐induced nephrotoxicity. We investigated the urine metabolic profiles using nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry of rats administered with single high‐doses of CP (0, 30, and 100 mg/kg body weight) and daily low‐doses over a 4‐week period (0, 1, 3, and 10 mg/kg body weight). Among 18 identified urinary metabolites, 2‐oxoglutarate, citrate, hippurate, formate, valine, and alanine for short‐term and 2‐oxoglutarate, citrate, hippurate, isoleucine, leucine, allantoin, valine, and lysine for long‐term were selected as potential biomarkers. Pathway‐enrichment analysis suggested that the urinary metabolism of CP is related to valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis; taurine and hypotaurine metabolism; glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism; citrate cycle; and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, with high pathway impact. The potential biomarkers obtained in this study could be used to monitor CP‐induced nephrotoxicity relative to dose and treatment time.
APCI as an innovative ionization mode compared with EI and CI for the analysis of a large range of organophosphate esters using GC‐MS/MS
Authors: Halloum Wafaa , Cariou Ronan , Dervilly‐Pinel Gaud , Jaber Farouk , Le Bizec Bruno 
Published: November 2016

Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are chemical compounds incorporated into materials as flame‐proof and/or plasticizing agents. In this work, 13 non‐halogenated and 5 halogenated OPEs were studied. Their mass spectra were interpreted and compared in terms of fragmentation patterns and dominant ions via various ionization techniques [electron ionization (EI) and chemical ionization (CI) under vacuum and corona discharge atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI)] on gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). The novelty of this paper relies on the investigation of APCI technique for the analysis of OPEs via favored protonation mechanism, where the mass spectra were mostly dominated by the quasi‐molecular ion [M + H]+. The EI mass spectra were dominated by ions such as [H4PO4]+, [M–R]+, [M–Cl]+, and [M–Br]+, and for some non‐halogenated aryl OPEs, [M]+● was also observed. The CI mass spectra in positive mode were dominated by [M + H]+ and sometimes by [M–R]+, while in negative mode, [M–R]− and more particularly [X]‐ and [X2]‐● were mainly observed for the halogenated OPEs. Both EI and APCI techniques showed promising results for further development of instrumental method operating in selective reaction monitoring mode.Instrumental detection limits by using APCI mode were 2.5 to 25 times lower than using EI mode for the non‐brominated OPEs, while they were determined at 50‐100 times lower by the APCI mode than by the EI mode, for the two brominated OPEs. The method was applied to fish samples, and monitored transitions by using APCI mode showed higher specificity but lower stability compared with EI mode. The sensitivity in terms of signal‐to‐noise ratio varying from one compound to another. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of the miR‐17–92 cluster in neurogenesis and angiogenesis in the central nervous system of adults
Authors: Yang Ping , Cai Linghu , Zhang Guan , Bian Zhiqun , Han Gaofeng 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIt is well known that neurogenesis is not the only concern for the fully functional recovery after brain or spinal cord injury, as it has been shed light on the critical role of angiogenesis in improving neurological functional recovery. Angiogenesis and neurogenesis coordinately interact with each other in the developing and adult brain, during which they may respond to similar mediators and receptors, in which they share a common posttranscriptional regulator: the miR‐17–92 cluster. The miR‐17–92 cluster was initially described as an oncogene and was later demonstrated to drive key physiological and pathological responses during development and diseases respectively. It has been reported that the miR‐17–92 cluster regulates both neurogenesis and angiogenesis. The miR‐17–92 cluster modulates neural progenitor cells proliferation not only during development but also during neurological disorders such as stroke. It has also been shown that the endothelial miR‐17–92 cluster regulates angiogenesis during embryonic stage and adulthood. In this review, we have discussed the actions of the miR‐17–92 cluster in neuronal and vascular plasticity, and its potential as a novel therapeutic strategy for CNS injury. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Antioxidant properties and global metabolite screening of the probiotic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii
Authors: Datta Suprama , Timson David J , Annapure Uday S 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDSaccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii is the only yeast species with probiotic properties. It is considered to have therapeutic significance in gastrointestinal disorders. In the present study, a comparative physiological study between this yeast and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (BY4742) was performed by evaluating two prominent traits of probiotic species, responses to different stress conditions and antioxidant capacity. A global metabolite profile was also developed aiming to identify which therapeutically important secondary metabolites are produced.RESULTSSaccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii showed no significant difference in growth patterns but greater stress tolerance compared to S. cerevisiae. It also demonstrated a six‐ to 10‐fold greater antioxidant potential (judged by the 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl assay), with a 70‐fold higher total phenolic content and a 20‐fold higher total flavonoid content in the extracellular fraction. These features were clearly differentiated by principal component analysis and further indicated by metabolite profiling. The extracellular fraction of the S. cerevisiae var. boulardii cultures was found to be rich in polyphenolic metabolites: vanillic acid, cinnamic acid, phenyl ethyl alcohol (rose oil), erythromycin, amphetamine and vitamin B6, which results in the antioxidant capacity of this strain.CONCLUSIONThe present study presents a new perspective for differentiating the two genetically related strains of yeast, S. cerevisiae and S. cerevisiae var. boulardii by assessing their metabolome fingerprints. In addition to the correlation of the phenotypic properties with the secretory metabolites of these two yeasts, the present study also emphasizes the potential to exploit S. cerevisiae var. boulardii in the industrial production of these metabolites. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Indirect Exposure to Captivity Details Is Not Related to Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Among the Spouses and Offspring of Former Prisoners of War
Authors: Zerach Gadi , Solomon Zahava 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIndirect exposure to the aversive details of the primary victim's traumatic event(s) has been introduced in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) as a new event criterion (Criterion A4). However, this new criterion has been criticized for its significant emphasis on the exposure to trauma “details” or trauma narrative. This study assessed the associations between reported exposure to details about captivity and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) among 2 groups of family members of former prisoners of war (ex‐POWs): spouses (n = 115) and adult offspring (n = 78). Results show that in both groups exposure to details regarding captivity was not significantly related to the severity of total PTSS and specifically, high levels of exposure to captivity details were related to lower avoidance symptoms among ex‐POWs' spouses. Among offspring, exposure to paternal behaviors stemming from the fathers' posttraumatic stress disorder was related to PTSS, above and beyond negative life events, quality of relationship with the father, and exposure to captivity details (R2 = .34). These results suggest that behavioral displays of the fathers' posttraumatic symptoms, rather than the recounting of trauma‐related details, is related to PTSS among ex‐POWs' offspring.
Bioengineering pediatric scaffold‐free auricular cartilaginous constructs
Authors: Akbari Pedram , Waldman Stephen D. , Cushing Sharon L. , Papsin Blake C. , Propst Evan J. , Weber Joanna F. , Yeger Herman , Farhat Walid A. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveThe use of exogenous materials as scaffolds in cartilage tissue engineering has limited the clinical application of resultant constructs due to the risk of postoperative complications. In an effort to minimize such complications, we aim to generate human, scaffold‐free auricular cartilaginous constructs.Study DesignLaboratory study using pediatric auricular cartilage.MethodsRemnant, normal pediatric auricular cartilage samples that would have otherwise been discarded were collected and digested to free cells. Harvested cells were cultured and expanded in vitro for two passages and plated as micromass cultures. The culture medium was replaced with a chemically defined chondrogenic medium, and cellular monolayers surrounding micromass cultures were continuously scraped off. Constructs were allowed to mature for a period of 8 weeks.ResultsMicromass constructs showed mechanical stability and structurally resembled native auricular tissue, with a perichondrium‐like layer of cells surrounding the inner cartilaginous zone. Constructs accumulated equivalent sulphated glycosaminoglycan and 50% of collagen content compared to native auricular cartilage by mass, while displaying 156% more cellularity.ConclusionsHigh‐density micromass cultures of pediatric auricular chondrocytes can generate stable cartilaginous constructs following prolonged chondrogenic inductions in vitro. This technique is an essential step toward the development of three‐dimensional constructs to recreate clinically applicable auricular cartilaginous constructs.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 127:E153–E158, 2017
Shapes and Origins of Cracks and Correlations with Lamellae Assembly in Poly(L‐lactic acid)
Authors: Woo Eamor M. , Lugito Graecia , Nurkhamidah Siti 
Published: November 2016

SummaryJust like ring bands in spherulites are not all of a simple type, cracks in crystallized spherulites of polymers can display a wide variety of patterns. Poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) upon crystallization and cooling was found to exhibit as many as four crack types of different directions and patterns, which cannot be feasibly explained simply by the directional difference in coefficients of thermal expansion. Depending on crystallization temperature (Tc), PLLA crystallizes into ringless or ring‐banded spherulites; whereas, the crack patterns are dramatically different in these two types of spherulites. In ring‐banded spherulites of PLLA crystallized at intermediate Tc, two uniquely different crack types are present: (1) twin‐circumferential cracks coinciding with the dark‐bright and bright‐dark boundary, and (2) radial short‐segmental voids coinciding on the bright bands in spherulites. By contrast, only circumferential cracks are present in PLLA ringless spherulites, where crack patterns are influenced by Tc's. Although all cracks in PLLA spherulite are triggered by cooling from Tc, evidence indicates that the crack patterns and ring‐band types (or ringless) are highly correlated and likely both are associated with the lamellar orientation, patterns, and coarseness in spherulites.
Nanoporous Crystalline Polymer Materials for Environmental Applications
Authors: Daniel Christophe , Guerra Gaetano 
Published: November 2016

SummaryNanoporous crystalline phases can be obtained with syndiotactic polystyrene (s‐PS) and poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene)oxide (PPO) materials characterized by a large variety of morphologies such as film, powder, or aerogel. These nanoporous crystalline materials are characterized by a high sorption capacity of volatile organic compounds (VOC) also when present in traces in air and water and thus are potentially interesting for environmental applications such as air/water purification. Different aspects relative to the structure and the sorption properties of these innovative polymeric materials are presented in this report.
Adhesion of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Differentiation of SH‐SY5Y Cells on Amyloid Fibrils
Authors: Jacob Reeba S. , Sen Shamik , Maji Samir K. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryAmyloids are protein/peptide aggregates traditionally associated with many human disorders. However recent evidences suggest that amyloids are also capable of performing various native biological functions in host organisms. Many lower organisms including bacteria and algae use the highly ordered and adhesive property of amyloids for adhesion to host/substrates and/or for colonization, thus suggesting amyloids could serve as extracellular matrices (ECMs). Recently, we had reported that mammalian cells can adhere on amyloids using membrane‐fibril interactions and integrin‐based focal adhesion. In the current study, we demonstrate the nanotopography of amyloid fibrils for adhesion of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Further, we also investigate the amyloid surface for differentiation of neuroblastoma cells SH‐SY5Y. Our present study delineates the role of amyloid self‐assembly in cell adhesion and differentiation.
Global transcriptome responses including small RNAs during mixed‐species interactions with methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Miller Christine L. , Van Laar Tricia A. , Chen Tsute , Karna S. L. Rajasekhar , Chen Ping , You Tao , Leung Kai P. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus mixed‐species biofilm infections are more resilient to biocide attacks compared to their single‐species counterparts. Therefore, this study used an in vitro model recapitulating bacterial burdens seen in in vivo infections to investigate the interactions of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus in biofilms. RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) was utilized to identify the entire genomic response, both open reading frames (ORFs) and small RNAs (sRNAs), of each species. Using competitive indexes, transposon mutants validated uncharacterized PA1595 of P. aeruginosa and Panton–Valentine leukocidin ORFs of S. aureus are required for competitive success. Assessing spent media on biofilm development determined that the effects of these ORFs are not solely mediated by mechanisms of secretion. Unlike PA1595, leukocidin (lukS‐PV) mutants of S. aureus lack a competitive advantage through contact‐mediated mechanisms demonstrated by cross‐hatch assays. RNA‐seq results suggested that during planktonic mixed‐species growth there is a robust genomic response or active combat from both pathogens until a state of equilibrium is reached during the maturation of a biofilm. In mixed‐species biofilms, P. aeruginosa differentially expressed only 0.3% of its genome, with most ORFs necessary for growth and biofilm development, whereas S. aureus modulated approximately 5% of its genome, with ORFs suggestive of a phenotype of increased virulence and metabolic quiescence. Specific expression of characterized sRNAs aligned with the genomic response to presumably coordinate the adaptive changes necessary for this homeostatic mixed‐species biofilm and sRNAs may provide viable foci for the design of future therapeutics.
Polymetallic nodules, sediments, and deep waters in the equatorial North Pacific exhibit highly diverse and distinct bacterial, archaeal, and microeukaryotic communities
Authors: Shulse Christine N. , Maillot Brianne , Smith Craig R. , Church Matthew J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractConcentrated seabed deposits of polymetallic nodules, which are rich in economically valuable metals (e.g., copper, nickel, cobalt, manganese), occur over vast areas of the abyssal Pacific Ocean floor. Little is currently known about the diversity of microorganisms inhabiting abyssal habitats. In this study, sediment, nodule, and water column samples were collected from the Clarion‐Clipperton Zone of the Eastern North Pacific. The diversities of prokaryote and microeukaryote communities associated with these habitats were examined. Microbial community composition and diversity varied with habitat type, water column depth, and sediment horizon. Thaumarchaeota were relatively enriched in the sediments and nodules compared to the water column, whereas Gammaproteobacteria were the most abundant sequences associated with nodules. Among the Eukaryota, rRNA genes belonging to the Cryptomonadales were relatively most abundant among organisms associated with nodules, whereas rRNA gene sequences deriving from members of the Alveolata were relatively enriched in sediments and the water column. Nine operational taxonomic unit (OTU)s were identified that occur in all nodules in this dataset, as well as all nodules found in a study 3000–9000 km from our site. Microbial communities in the sediments had the highest diversity, followed by nodules, and then by the water column with <1/3 the number of OTUs as in the sediments.
Role and regulation of Glycogen synthase kinase‐3 beta in bovine spermatozoa
Authors: Belenky Michael , Breitbart Haim 
Published: November 2016

SUMMARYThe serine/threonine kinase Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK‐3) is a master switch that regulates a multitude of cellular pathways, including the acrosome reaction in sperm. In epididymal sperm cells, for example, GSK‐3 activity correlates with inhibition of motility—yet no direct pathways connecting GSK‐3 activation with loss of motility have been described. Indeed, the details of how GSK‐3 is regulated during sperm capacitation and the acrosome reaction remains obscure. To this end, we addressed the involvement of the GSK‐3 beta isoform in several known pathways that contribute to motility and the acrosome reaction. We established that Protein kinase A (PKA) is the main regulator of GSK‐3β in sperm, as pre‐treatment of cells with a GSK‐3 inhibitor prior to addition of H89, an inhibitor of PKA, attenuated the motility loss induced by blocking PKA activity. Both induced and spontaneous acrosome reactions also occurred less frequently in sperm treated with GSK‐3 inhibitors. Finally, we observed a slow decline in phosphorylation of GSK‐3β on Ser 9, which represents an inhibited state, during sperm capacitation; this phenotype is reversed during the induced acrosome reaction, in parallel to activation of Protein phosphatase 1. These results suggest that maintenance of sperm motility and acrosome reaction timing are mediated by PKA through the regulation of GSK‐3 beta activity. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 84: 8–18, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Overweight or about right? A norm comparison explanation of perceived weight status
Authors: Robinson E. , Kersbergen I. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryObjectivesBody‐weight norms may explain why personal evaluations of weight status are often inaccurate. Here, we tested a ‘norm comparison’ explanation of weight status perceptions, whereby personal evaluations of weight status are biased by perceived body‐weight norms.MethodsStudy 1 examined whether perceptions of how one's own body weight compares to an average person predict personal evaluations of weight status. Study 2 examined whether manipulating perceptions of how one's own body weight compares to an average person influences whether or not a person identifies their own weight status as being overweight.ResultsIn Study 1, if participants rated their body weight as being similar to the body weight of an average person, they were less likely to identify their weight status as being overweight. In Study 2, participants that were led to believe that their body weight was heavier than the average person were more likely to perceive their own weight status as being overweight.ConclusionsPersonal perceptions of weight status are likely to be shaped by a ‘norm comparison’ process. As overweight becomes more normal, underestimation of weight status amongst individuals with overweight and obesity will be more common.
Differences in VigiBase® reporting of aminoglycoside and capreomycin‐suspected ototoxicity during tuberculosis treatment
Authors: Sagwa Evans L. , Souverein Patrick C. , Ribeiro Inês , Leufkens Hubert G. M. , Mantel‐Teeuwisse Aukje K. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the association between the use of streptomycin, amikacin, kanamycin and capreomycin in tuberculosis (TB) treatment and the pharmacovigilance reporting of ototoxicity (deafness or hearing loss, tinnitus and vertigo). Second, to analyze patient demographic and geographic factors that influence the reporting of ototoxicity in TB treatment.MethodsA case/non‐case disproportionality analysis of the VigiBase® individual case safety reports (ICSRs) of patients treated for TB using multidrug regimens that contain either of streptomycin, amikacin, kanamycin or capreomycin. Cases were reports of ototoxicity; non‐cases were other adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The unit of analysis was the drug–ADR pair. We calculated reporting odds ratios (RORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). The referent drug was streptomycin.ResultsBy June 2014, there were 3361 drug–ADR pairs in VigiBase® (1693 ICSRs) where the parenteral administration of the four drugs for TB treatment was suspected of causing the reported ADRs. Deafness, tinnitus and vertigo were reported in 576 drug–ADR pairs (cases), the rest being other ADRs (non‐cases). Reporting of deafness was most disproportionately associated with amikacin use (ROR 9.3; 95%CI 3.8–23.0), followed by kanamycin use (ROR 4.3; 95%CI 1.3–14.2). Reporting of vertigo was inversely associated with capreomycin use (ROR 0.1; 95%CI 0.01–0.4). Geographic region affected the reporting of ototoxicity while age and sex did not.ConclusionSpontaneous reporting of deafness cases within VigiBase® was most disproportionately associated with amikacin use, followed by kanamycin. There were regional variations in the global reporting of ototoxicity. These findings should be verified through a follow up study. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.