bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AE-Beitrag: Unikondylärer Ersatz vs. Totalendoprothese bei medialer Gonarthrose
Authors: Pfitzner Tilman , Perka Carsten , von Roth Philipp 
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die isolierte mediale Gonarthrose ist eine Kniegelenkspathologie, die operativ sowohl den Einsatz eines unikondylären Oberflächenersatzes (Schlittenprothese) als auch die Implantation einer Totalendoprothese gestattet. Eine einheitliche Empfehlung, welches Verfahren bei dieser speziellen Indikation zu bevorzugen ist, fehlt jedoch.
Material und Methoden In der vorliegenden Übersichtsarbeit sollen anhand der vorhandenen Literatur beide Verfahren bez. des klinischen Ergebnisses, des Langzeitüberlebens und der Komplikationsrate verglichen werden.
Ergebnisse Bezüglich des klinischen Outcomes zeigen die meisten Studien eine Überlegenheit des unikondylären Oberflächenersatzes. Hier ist jedoch zu beachten, dass diese Patienten häufig auch präoperativ einen besseren Ausgangsbefund aufwiesen, das Maß an Verbesserung jedoch vergleichbar zur Totalendoprothese war. Betrachtet man das Survival, so zeigen Studien, Institutional Registries und landesweite Register eine klare Überlegenheit der Totalendoprothese in der Langzeithaltbarkeit. Als potenzieller Bias muss hier die höhere Revisionsfreudigkeit bei der Schlittenprothese beachtet werden. Bezüglich der Mortalitätsrate zeigt die Literatur eine Überlegenheit der Schlittenprothese. Die implantatspezifischen Komplikationen sind wiederum bei der Schlittenprothese höher.
Schlussfolgerung Zusammengefasst ist eine klare Empfehlung für eines der beiden Verfahren aufgrund der Literaturlage nicht möglich. Das tendenziell bessere klinische Outcome und die niedrige Mortalitätsrate sprechen für den unikodylären Oberflächenersatz, während beim Langzeitüberleben und den implantatbedingten Komplikationen die Totalendoprothese im Vorteil ist.
Linguistic and social embedding of variable concord with 1st plural nós ‘we’ in Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: Naro Anthony J. , Scherre Maria Marta Pereira , Foeger Camila Candeias , Benfica Samine de Almeida 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
In vernacular Brazilian Portuguese, use of 1st plural desinence -mos with nós ‘we’ is variable, although it is categorical in European Portuguese and very frequent in highly educated speakers in Brazil. Its absence is stigmatized in the urban context as an indication that the speaker ‘does not know how to speak Portuguese’. This phenomenon exhibits vigorous constraints and is subject to intricate structural conditioning based on tense and paradigmatic relationships, our main point. The most robust social effect is level of education. We analyze three samples and show that underlying this stigmatized morphosyntactic phenomenon there are effects on the functional level (tense distinctions), the cognitive level (marking of more easily perceptible forms), and the structural level (maintenance of phonological pattern).
The Portuguese inflected infinitive across varieties
Authors: Fiéis Alexandra , Madeira Ana 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to investigate the properties and distribution of the inflected infinitive in different varieties of Portuguese, both from a diachronic and a synchronic perspective. Considering the development of the inflected infinitive from the 12th century up to the present, we argue that there are three types of inflected infinitives in Portuguese, which differ in their degree of finiteness, ranging from a form that exhibits similar characteristics to finite verb forms to a form which behaves like an uninflected infinitive.
Management of mycotoxin contamination in feeds.
Authors: Cheli F. , Pinotti L. , Novacco M. , Ottoboni M. , Tretola M. , Dell'Orto V. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
It is not possible to avoid, predict or prevent mycotoxin occurrence during pre-harvest and feed storage. Despite efforts to control fungal contamination, extensive mycotoxin contamination has been reported to occur in feed. Therefore, their presence represents a constant health risk for animals. The European Union (EU) has established the most comprehensive regulations for mycotoxins in feed, expressed in the form of sampling procedures, analysis and maximum or guidance levels. These regulations largely affect raw material traders, feed industry and feed management at farm level, to ensure compliance with EU legislation requirements and ensure feed safety. This paper reviews the main operations and effective tools to properly manage the mycotoxin risk in the feed supply chain, focusing on the management practices to be considered at the level of feed industry and farm. Practical approaches will be discussed in the context of the current scientific research literature. Risks associated with mycotoxin contaminated feed can be reduced by following an integrated mycotoxin prevention and control management. To properly manage mycotoxin contamination in feed, the primary strategy is prevention in field and during storage. Regular feed monitoring for mycotoxin occurrence is the first critical point in order to obtain a right balance between safety, animal health, productivity and economic aspects in the respect of legislation regarding maximum or guidance levels. Despite strenuous prevention, control and management efforts, feed contamination with mycotoxins is an ever present problem for feed processors and farmers. Therefore, there is a great demand for mycotoxin mitigation and control strategies.
Desire satisfaction, death, and time
Authors: Purves Duncan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDesire satisfaction theories of well-being and deprivationism about the badness of death face similar problems: desire satisfaction theories have trouble locating the time when the satisfaction of a future or past-directed desire benefits a person; deprivationism has trouble locating a time when death is bad for a person. I argue that desire satisfaction theorists and deprivation theorists can address their respective timing problems by accepting fusionism, the view that some events benefit or harm individuals only at fusions of moments in time. Fusionism improves on existing solutions to the timing problem for deprivationism because it locates death’s badness at the same time as both the victim of death and death itself, and it accounts for all of the ways that death is bad for a person. Fusionism improves on existing solutions to the problem of temporally locating the benefit of future and past-directed desires because it respects several attractive principles, including the view that the intrinsic value of a time for someone is determined solely by states of affairs that obtain at that time and the view that intrinsically beneficial events benefit a person when they occur.
Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiovascular health
Authors: Ferreira Isabel , Twisk Jos WR 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
It is now recognized that cardiovascular disease (CVD) is partly a paediatric problem, i.e. the onset begins in childhood, although clinical symptoms may not become apparent until later in life. Therefore, from a primary prevention point of view, the extent to which physical activity or physical fitness in childhood may deter this process is of utmost importance. Although physical activity and CRF at a young age have not been directly linked to the incidence of CVD, evidence thus far supports cardiovascular health benefits of early higher physical activity and CRF levels on cardiometabolic risk factors like obesity, blood pressure, insulin resistance, and their maintenance throughout the course of life. By affecting these intermediary pathways, lifelong (high-intensity) physical activity may also deter the age-related decreases in CRF and related signs of premature arterial ageing.
Exercise, physical activity, eating and weight disorders
Authors: Hills Andrew P , Street Steven J , Byrne Nuala M 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Obesity is a highly visible yet neglected chronic health problem affecting developed and developing nations, particularly nations undergoing nutritional transition. The term ‘globesity’ has been coined to describe this international phenomenon, which primarily results from persistent energy imbalance typically characterized as reduced energy expenditure relative to energy intake. Conversely, disordered eating characterized by low energy intake, which is often paired with high levels of energy expenditure, are features of the opposite extreme to obesity and can manifest as eating disorders like anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa. Identification, treatment, and management of young people along the spectrum from frank eating disorders represents a persistent and growing health challenge. This chapter provides an overview of the range of factors contributing to inappropriate eating and activity disorders in childhood and adolescence, and how these problems might be managed.
Exercise, physical activity, and congenital heart disease
Authors: Buys Roselien , Reybrouck Tony , Gewillig Marc 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
In children with congenital heart disease, exercise testing is frequently performed to measure cardiorespiratory function and to assess abnormalities of cardiac rhythm. In paediatric cardiology, a reduced exercise capacity is common. This relates not only to the underlying heart defects, but often also to a low level of physical activity in daily life. Exercise training interventions to increase physical activity have been shown generally to be safe and beneficial in increasing exercise capacity. Therefore, except for some cases with medically imposed restrictions of intensive physical exercise, most patients are encouraged to be fully active during leisure time and to participate in all types of physical exercise at school.
Speed and agility training
Authors: Oliver Jon L , Lloyd Rhodri S 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Speed and agility are fundamental locomotive skills that form the basis of many physical activities, and contribute to success in youth sport. Speed and agility represent unique qualities; speed is the ability to move quickly in a straight line, whereas agility is the ability to rapidly change direction in response to a stimulus. Agility can be further sub-divided into the physical component of change-of-direction-speed and a perceptual component related to the ability to respond to external stimuli. The natural development and trainability of speed has become relatively well understood in children and adolescents, whereas our understanding of agility is predominantly limited to a smaller body of research examining change-of-direction-speed. This chapter focuses on describing the natural development of maximal speed and agility throughout childhood and adolescence, as well as examining interactions between training and maturity in both the short- and long-term across a range of different modes of training.
Frequency and Type of Situational Awareness Errors Contributing to Death and Brain Damage
Authors: Schulz Christian M. , Burden Amanda , Posner Karen L. , Mincer Shawn L. , Steadman Randolph , Wagner Klaus J. , Domino Karen B. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAbstract
Situational awareness errors resulting in death or brain damage remain prevalent causes of malpractice claims in the 21st century.

Background
Situational awareness errors may play an important role in the genesis of patient harm. The authors examined closed anesthesia malpractice claims for death or brain damage to determine the frequency and type of situational awareness errors.

Methods
Surgical and procedural anesthesia death and brain damage claims in the Anesthesia Closed Claims Project database were analyzed. Situational awareness error was defined as failure to perceive relevant clinical information, failure to comprehend the meaning of available information, or failure to project, anticipate, or plan. Patient and case characteristics, primary damaging events, and anesthesia payments in claims with situational awareness errors were compared to other death and brain damage claims from 2002 to 2013.

Results
Anesthesiologist situational awareness errors contributed to death or brain damage in 198 of 266 claims (74%). Respiratory system damaging events were more common in claims with situational awareness errors (56%) than other claims (21%, P < 0.001). The most common specific respiratory events in error claims were inadequate oxygenation or ventilation (24%), difficult intubation (11%), and aspiration (10%). Payments were made in 85% of situational awareness error claims compared to 46% in other claims (P = 0.001), with no significant difference in payment size. Among 198 claims with anesthesia situational awareness error, perception errors were most common (42%), whereas comprehension errors (29%) and projection errors (29%) were relatively less common.

Conclusions
Situational awareness error definitions were operationalized for reliable application to real-world anesthesia cases. Situational awareness errors may have contributed to catastrophic outcomes in three quarters of recent anesthesia malpractice claims.
Trends and Outcomes of Early Versus Late Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Placement in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury: Nationwide Population-based Study
Authors: Chaudhry Rabail , Kukreja Naveen , Tse Alex , Pednekar Greesha , Mouchli Anas , Young Linda , Didyuk Oksana , Wegner Robert C. , Grewal Navneet , Williams George W. 
Published: April 2017

Background:
Oral intake for traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients is often not an option because of facial trauma, swallowing dysfunctions, altered consciousness, etc. These patients often require percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) placement for nutrition support. To date, there is lack of studies examining the relationship between the timing of PEG placement and patient outcome in the TBI group.

Methods:
We conducted a population-based study in a retrospective cohort of TBI patients undergoing PEG, using the national inpatient sample for years 2011 to 2013.

Results:
A total of 96,625 patients were identified for TBI and 3343 of those patients received PEG. TBI patients who undergo an early or late PEG placement had a higher rate of in-hospital mortality, when compared with patients with a standard timing of PEG placement. Late PEG was preferably placed in patients with higher Charlson index and trauma-related comorbidities, and these patients had a higher incidence of complications, that is, sepsis, urinary tract infection, acute respiratory distress syndrome/pneumonia, and deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism. When stratified by mortality-risk groups, early PEG was associated with higher rates of in-hospital mortality while standard PEG was associated with best mortality outcomes in low–mortality-risk group and moderate–mortality-risk group.

Conclusions:
The results of this study suggest that if a PEG placement is indicated for a TBI patient, a standard (7 to 14 d) timing may be associated with better patient outcomes. However, secondary to limitations associated with the use of administrative databases, further prospective studies are needed to establish clear guidelines regarding the optimal timing of placing PEG in TBI patients.
Osteonecrosis of the Shoulders in Pediatric Patients Treated for Leukemia or Lymphoma: Single-Institutional Experience
Authors: Kaste Sue C. , DeFeo Brian M. , Neel Michael D. , Weiss Kenneth S. , Fernandez-Pineda Israel , Ness Kiri K. 
Published: April 2017

Background:
Osteonecrosis of the hips and knees is an often debilitating adverse event in children treated with glucocorticoids for leukemia and lymphoma but the impact of shoulder involvement has been understudied. Thus, we investigated the severity and functional impairment of shoulder osteonecrosis in a well-characterized population of pediatric patients treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia or lymphoma.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed orthopaedic clinic and physical therapy evaluations to determine range of motion (ROM), pain, and impact of magnetic resonance-defined osteonecrosis (ON) on activities of daily living. Adverse events were classified according to the National Cancer Institute’s Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.03.

Results:
We identified 35 patients (22 female), median age at cancer diagnosis 14.2 (range, 4.3 to 19) years; median age at ON diagnosis 16.7 (range, 5.5 to 28) years. Median time to last follow-up from diagnosis of primary malignancy was 6.4 (range, 0 to 12.7) years and from diagnosis of ON was 4.0 (range, 0 to 8.9) years. Twenty-two patients had magnetic resonance evidence of ON; 43 shoulders involved at least 30% of the articular surface of the capital humeral epiphyses.
Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events mean scores for initial assessments of 55 shoulders (29 patients) showed moderate negative impact of ON on activity of daily living (1.94), decreased ROM limiting athletic activity (0.98), and mild to moderate levels of pain (1.38). Analysis of this group’s most recent assessment showed improvement in pain and ON over time, with an average pain grade of 0.58 indicating no pain to mild pain, and 1.37 for ON grade, indicating asymptomatic to mildly symptomatic impact on activities of daily living. We also found minimal worsening average ROM grades (1.11).

Conclusions:
Shoulder ON is an underappreciated adverse late effect of therapy in children treated for leukemia/lymphoma which can limit quality of life and functionality. In most cases, pain and disability can be improved with treatment.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—case series.
Best Practices in Spinal Cord Stimulation
Authors: Sitzman B. Todd , Provenzano David A. 
Published: April 2017

Study Design.
A review of clinical best practices for spinal cord stimulation (SCS).

Objective.
The aim of this study is to summarize published and evidence based guidelines with regards to utilizing SCS, including patient selection, disease indication, perioperative management, complication mitigation strategies, and device selection. Additional focus has been provided on quality care to individual patients by acknowledging the importance of durable outcomes and care delivery costs.

Summary of Background Data.
For more than 30 years, SCS has successfully alleviated patient suffering and enhanced the lives of patients with refractory pain conditions. Prospective studies of SCS have consistently demonstrated benefits through reduction of pain, improvement in function, and reduced healthcare expenditures in select patient diagnosis groups. Although the benefits of SCS are well-supported, the clinical application of this therapy varies widely based on physician training and experience, regional clinical practice variations, and insurance coverage.

Methods.
This article provides a summary of published studies, case reports, evidence-based guidelines and expert consensus, with the intent of increasing physician competency and enhancing patient care through improved clinical outcomes.

Results.
A guide to SCS implantation, appropriate patient selection, ranked recommendations for diseases that may most benefit for SCS treatment, complication mitigation strategies, and finally, indications for choosing the most efficacious modality of SCS therapy for specific patients and pain conditions.

Conclusion.
Although SCS has been shown to be safe and effective for a number of pain conditions, emerging SCS modalities promise even greater efficacy over traditional SCS. To achieve this promise, physicians must carefully select and manage their patients and the SCS device.

Level of Evidence: N\A
Physical long-term side-effects in young adult cancer survivors: germ cell tumors model
Authors: Kourie Hampig Raphael , Klastersky Jean A. 
Published: April 2017

Purpose of review
After the important advances in the treatment of germ cell tumors (GCTs) leading to high cure rates, physical long-term side-effects represent an important cause of death in these young adult survivors. Highlighting these physical long-term side-effects, their monitoring and their prevention modalities is necessary for a better management of these cancer survivors.

Recent findings
Impaired fertility, increased risk of developing a second cancer, cardiac, pulmonary, renal and neural toxicity, hearing and vision impairment are the major physical side-effects in young adult cancer survivors. Long-term cardiac toxicity, next to second malignancies, represents life-threatening conditions in testicular cancer survivors. The long-term nephrotoxity in testicular GCTs survivors is most frequently associated to the treatment either in those treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy, mainly Bleomycine, Etoposide, Cisplatin, or those receiving infradiaphragmatic radiation therapy, whereas pulmonary toxicity is mainly attributed to bleomycin related toxicities.

Summary
There are no clear and comprehensive data concerning the monitoring and prevention of long-term side-effects in testicular cancer survivors. Physical activity and interventions in modifiable cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyles may reduce the incidence of long-term side-effects in these cancer survivors.
GAS-FOVEAL CONTACT
Authors: Alberti Mark , la Cour Morten 
Published: April 2017

Purpose:
To compare gas-foveal contact in face-down positioning (FDP) and nonsupine positioning (NSP), to analyze causes of gas-foveal separation and to determine how gas-foveal contact affects clinical outcome after idiopathic macular hole repair.

Methods:
Single center, randomized controlled study. Participants with an idiopathic macular hole were allocated to either FDP or NSP. Primary outcome was gas-foveal contact, calculated by analyzing positioning in relation to intraocular gas fill. Positioning was measured with an electronic device recording positioning for 72 hours postoperatively.

Results:
Positioning data were available for 33/35 in the FDP group and 35/37 in the NSP group, thus results are based on 68 analyzed participants. Median gas-foveal contact was 99.82% (range 73.6–100.0) in the FDP group and 99.57% (range 85.3–100.0) in the NSP group (P = 0.22). In a statistical model, gas fill had a significant relation to gas-foveal contact (P < 0.0001), whereas whether the surgeon prescribed FDP or NSP was not significant (P = 0.20). Of clinical relevance, gas-foveal contact seemed to influence idiopathic macular hole closure (P = 0.02).

Conclusion:
We found no significant difference in gas-foveal contact between the positioning groups. The role of positioning after idiopathic macular hole surgery seems to be better characterized from examining both patient positioning and gas fill objectively. We propose gas-foveal contact as a new outcome for evaluating positioning regimens.