bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Myology and Evolution of Marsupials and Other Vertebrates, With Notes on Complexity, Bauplan, and “Scala Naturae”
Authors: Diogo Rui , Bello‐Hellegouarch Gaelle , Kohlsdorf Tiana , Esteve‐Altava Borja , Molnar Julia L. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTOpossums are frequent subjects of developmental studies because marsupials share developmental features not seen in placentals and because Didelphimorpha is the sister‐group of other extant Marsupialia. But is the adult marsupial muscular system markedly different from that of placentals or is it, like the skeletal system, very similar? We provide, for the first time, a brief description of all head and limb muscles ofDidelphis virginianabased on our dissections and using a unifying nomenclature by integrating the data gathered in our long‐term project on the development, homologies, and evolution of the muscles of all major vertebrate taxa. Our data indicate that there were many more muscle synapomorphic changes from the last common ancestor (LCA) of amniotes to the mammalian LCA (63) and from this LCA to the LCA of extant therians (48) than from this latter LCA to the LCA of extant placentals (10 or 11). Importantly,Didelphisis anatomically more plesiomorphic (only 14 changes from LCA of extant therians) than are rats (37 changes) and humans (63 changes), but its musculature is more complex (193 muscles) than that of humans (only 180 muscles). Of the 194 muscles ofDidelphis, 172 (89%) are present in rats, meaning that their adult muscle anatomy is indeed very similar. This similarity supports the existence of a common, easy recognizable therian Bauplan, but one that is caused by developmental constraints and by evolutionary change driven by the needs of the embryos/neonates, rather than by a “goal” toward a specific adult plan/“archetype,” as the name Bauplan suggests. Anat Rec, 299:1224–1255, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Third‐order harmonic expansion of the magnetoencephalography forward and inverse problems in an ellipsoidal brain model
Authors: Alcocer‐Sosa Mauricio , Gutiérrez David 
Published: June 2016

SummaryWe present a forward modeling solution in the form of an array response kernel for magnetoencephalography. We consider the case when the brain's anatomy is approximated by an ellipsoid and an equivalent current dipole model is used to approximate brain sources. The proposed solution includes the contributions up to the third‐order ellipsoidal harmonic terms; hence, we compare this new approximation against the previously available one that only considered up to second‐order harmonics. We evaluated the proposed solution when used in the inverse problem of estimating physiologically feasible visual evoked responses from magnetoencephalography data. Our results showed that the contribution of the third‐order harmonic terms provides a more realistic representation of the magnetic fields (closer to those generated with a numerical approximation based on the boundary element method) and, subsecuently, the estimated equivalent current dipoles are a better fit to those observed in practice (e.g., in visual evoked potentials). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Second Harmonic Generation of Self‐Focused Cosh‐Gaussian Laser Beam in Thermal Quantum Plasma by Excitation of an Electron Plasma Wave
Authors: Gupta N. , Singh A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis paper presents a scheme for second harmonic generation (SHG) of an intense Cosh‐Gaussian (ChG) laser beam in thermal quantum plasmas. Moment theory approach in W.K.B approximation has been adopted in deriving the differential equation governing the propagation characteristics of the laser beam with distance of propagation. The effect of relativistic increase in electron mass on propagation dynamics of laser beam has been incorporated. Due to relativistic nonlinearity in the dielectric properties of the plasma, the laser beam gets self‐focused and produces density gradients in the transverse direction. The generated density gradients excite electron plasma wave (EPW) at pump frequency that interacts with the incident laser beam to produce its second harmonics. Numerical simulations have been carried out to investigate the effects of laser parameters on selffocusing of the laser beam and hence on the conversion efficiency of its second harmonics. Simulation results predict that within a specific range of decentered parameter the ChG laser beams show smaller divergence as they propagate and, thus, lead to enhanced conversion efficiency of second harmonics. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Determination of blood cell subtype concentrations from frozen whole blood samples using TruCount beads
Authors: Langenskiöld Cecilia , Mellgren Karin , Abrahamsson Jonas , Bemark Mats 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundIn many studies it would be advantageous if blood samples could be collected and analyzed using flow cytometry at a later stage. Ideally, sample collection should involve little hands‐on time, allow for long‐term storage, and minimally influence the samples.MethodsHere we establish a flow cytometry antibody panel that can be used to determine granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocyte subset concentrations in fresh and frozen whole blood using TruCount technology.ResultsThe panel can be used on fresh whole‐blood samples as well as whole‐blood samples that have been frozen after mixing with 10% DMSO. Concentrations in frozen and fresh sample is highly correlated both when frozen within 4 h and the day after collection (r ≥ 0.98), and the estimated concentration in frozen samples was between 91 and 94% of that in fresh samples for all cell types.ConclusionUsing this method whole‐blood samples can be frozen using a simple preparation method, and stored long‐term before accurate determination of cell concentration. This allows for standardized analysis of the samples at a reference laboratory in multi‐center studies. © 2016 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Invading a mutualistic network: to be or not to be similar
Authors: Minoarivelo Henintsoa Onivola , Hui Cang 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBiological invasion remains a major threat to biodiversity in general and a disruptor to mutualistic interactions in particular. While a number of empirical studies have directly explored the role of invasion in mutualistic pollination networks, a clear picture is yet to emerge and a theoretical model for comprehension still lacking. Here, using an eco‐evolutionary model of bipartite mutualistic networks with trait‐mediated interactions, we explore invader trait, propagule pressure, and network features of recipient community that contribute importantly to the success and impact of an invasion. High level of invasiveness is observed when invader trait differs from those of the community average, and level of interaction generalization equals to that of the community average. Moreover, multiple introductions of invaders with declining propagules enhance invasiveness. Surprisingly, the most successful invader is not always the one having the biggest impact on the recipient community. The network structure of recipient community, such as nestedness and modularity, is not a primary indicator of its invasibility; rather, the invasibility is best correlated with measurements of network stability such as robustness, resilience, and disruptiveness (a measure of evolutionary instability). Our model encompasses more general scenarios than previously studied in predicting invasion success and impact in mutualistic networks, and our results highlight the need for coupling eco‐evolutionary processes to resolve the invasion dilemma.
Climatological diurnal variability in sea surface temperature characterized from drifting buoy data
Authors: Morak‐Bozzo S. , Merchant C. J. , Kent E. C. , Berry D. I. , Carella G. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDrifting buoy sea‐surface temperature (SST) records have been used to characterize the diurnal variability of ocean temperature at a depth of order 20 cm. We use measurements covering the period 1986–2012 from the International Comprehensive Ocean‐Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) version 2.5, which is a collection of marine surface observations that includes individual SST records from drifting buoys. Appropriately transformed, this dataset is well suited for estimation of the diurnal cycle, since many drifting buoys have high temporal coverage (many reports per day), and are globally distributed. For each drifter for each day, we compute the local‐time daily SST variation relative to the local‐time daily mean SST. Climatological estimates of subdaily SST variability are found by averaging across various strata of the data: in 10° latitudinal bands as well as globally; and stratified with respect to season, wind speed and cloud cover. A parameterization of the diurnal variability is fitted as a function of the variables used to stratify the data, and the coefficients for this fit are also provided with the data. Results are consistent with expectations based on the previous work: the diurnal temperature cycle peaks in early afternoon (circa 2 pm local time); there is an increase in amplitude and a decrease in seasonality towards the equator. Generally, the ocean at this depth cools on windy days and warms on calm days, so that a component of subdaily variability is the SST tendency on slower timescales. By not ‘closing’ the diurnal cycle when stratified by environmental conditions, this dataset differs from previously published diurnal‐cycle parameterizations. This thorough characterization of the SST diurnal cycle will assist in interpreting SST observations made at different local times of day for climatological purposes, and in testing and constraining models of the diurnal‐cycle and air‐sea interaction at high temporal resolution.
Active acute leukaemia: should transplant be offered to all patients?
Authors: Avni Batia , Shapira Michael Y. , Resnick Igor B. , Stepensky Polina , Or Reuven , Grisariu Sigal 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe probability of achieving long term remission for patients with refractory acute leukaemia is very low. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) is offered to these patients in order to improve their dismal outcome. We retrospectively analyzed 361 acute leukaemia patients, who underwent allogeneic SCT in the Hadassah's bone marrow transplantation department between the years 2005 and 2012 and identified 84 patients with active leukaemia at transplantation. Median age was 34 years. Sixty four patients were diagnosed with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), 18 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and two with biphenotypic leukaemia. The majority of patients were diagnosed with de‐novo AML and transplanted at relapse. In the surviving patients, median follow up was 15 months. One year OS was 20%. At time of last follow up, 13 patients were alive (15.5%): ten patients with AML and two patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. In the univariate analysis, factors associated with significantly better overall survival were as follows: matched unrelated donor (p = 0.006), matched donor (p = 0.014) and occurrence of acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGVHD) (p = 0.019). Karnofsky performance score at SCT and occurrence of cGVHD were found to be borderline significant. Only matched unrelated donor and aGVHD were found to affect overall survival significantly in the multivariate analysis. Other than performance score at SCT, none of the pretransplant patients' characteristics were found to influence survival. In conclusion, as none of the pretransplant characteristics were found to influence the ability to select the patients that will benefit from HSC transplantation, this work supports offering HSCT to all active leukaemia eligible patients with reasonable performance status. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vegetation response to rainfall seasonality and interannual variability in tropical dry forests
Authors: Souza Rodolfo , Feng Xue , Antonino Antonio , Montenegro Suzana , Souza Eduardo , Porporato Amilcare 
Published: June 2016

AbstractProjected changes in rainfall seasonality and interannual variability are expected to have severe impacts on arid and semi‐arid tropical vegetation, which is characterized by a fine‐tuned adaptation to extreme rainfall seasonality. To study the response of these ecosystems and the related changes in hydrological processes to changes in the amount and seasonality of rainfall, we focused on the caatinga biome, the typical seasonally dry forest in semi‐arid Northeast Brazil. We selected four sites across a gradient of rainfall amount and seasonality and analysed daily rainfall and biweekly Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data for hydrological years 2000 to 2014. Rainfall seasonal and interannual statistics were characterized by recently proposed metrics describing duration, timing and intensity of the wet season and compared to similar metrics of NDVI time series. The results show that the caatinga tends to have a more stable response with longer and less variable growing seasons (3.1 ± 0.1 months) compared to the duration wet seasons (2.0 ± 0.5 months). The ecosystem ability to buffer the interannual variability of rainfall is also evidenced by the stability in the timing of the growing season compared to the wet season, which results in variable delays (ranging from 0 to 2 months) between the peak of the rainfall season and the production of leaves by the ecosystem. The analyses show that the shape and size of the related hysteresis loops in the rainfall–NDVI relations are linked to the buffering effects of soil moisture and plant growth dynamics. Finally, model projections of vegetation response to different rainfall scenarios reveal the existence of a maximum in ecosystem productivity at intermediate levels of rainfall seasonality, suggesting a possible trade‐off in the effects of intensity (i.e. amount) and duration of the wet season on vegetation growth and related soil moisture dynamics and transpiration rates. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Palliative resection of the primary tumor is associated with improved overall survival in incurable stage IV colorectal cancer: A nationwide population‐based propensity‐score adjusted study in the Netherlands
Authors: 't Lam‐Boer Jorine , Van der Geest Lydia G. , Verhoef Cees , Elferink Marloes E. , Koopman Miriam , de Wilt Johannes H. 
Published: June 2016

As the value of palliative primary tumor resection in stage IV colorectal cancer (CRC) is still under debate, the purpose of this population‐based study was to investigate if palliative primary tumor resection as the initial treatment after diagnosis was associated with improved overall survival. All patients with stage IV colorectal adenocarcinoma (2008–2011) were selected from the Netherlands Cancer Registry, and patients undergoing treatment with curative intent (i.e., metastasectomy, radiofrequency ablation and/or hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy), or best supportive care were excluded. After propensity score matching, a multivariable Cox proportional hazard model was performed to determine the association between treatment strategy and mortality. From a total group of 10,371 patients with stage IV CRC, 2,746 patients (26%) underwent an elective palliative resection of the primary tumor, whether or not followed by systemic therapy, and 3,345 patients (32%) were initially treated with palliative systemic therapy. After propensity score matching, median overall survival in these groups was 17.2 months (95% CI 16.3–18.1) and 11.5 months (95% CI 11.0–12.0), respectively. In Cox regression analysis, primary tumor resection was significantly associated with improved overall survival (hazard ratio of death = 0.44 [95% CI 0.35–0.55], p < 0.001). This large population‐based study shows an overall survival benefit for patients with incurable stage IV CRC who underwent primary tumor resection as the initial treatment after diagnosis, compared to patients who started systemic therapy with the primary tumor in situ. This result is an argument in favor of resection of the primary tumor, even when patients have little to no symptoms.
In vitro assessment of the biological response of Ti6Al4V implants coated with hydroxyapatite microdomains
Authors: Clavell R. Salvador , de Llano J. J. Martín , Carda C. , Ribelles J. L. Gómez , Vallés‐Lluch A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDental implantology is still an expanding field of scientific study because of the number of people that receive dental therapies throughout their lives worldwide. Recovery times associated to dental surgery are still long and demand strategies to improve integration of metallic devices with hard tissues. In this work, an in vitro ceramic coating is proposed to improve and accelerate osseointegration of titanium surfaces conceived to be used as dental implants or hip or knee prosthesis, shaped either as dishes or screws. Such coating consists of hydroxyapatite microdomains on the implant surfaces obtained in vitro by immersion of titanium alloy samples (Ti6Al4V) in a simulated body fluid. This titanium alloy is highly used in implant dentistry and trauma surgery, among other fields. Once the immersion times under physiological conditions yielding to different ceramic topographies on this alloy were set, the acellular coating time of major interest so as to optimize its biological development was determined. For this purpose, dental pulp mesenchymal cells were cultured on titanium coated surfaces with different hydroxyapatite outline, and cell adhesion, proliferation and morphology were followed through histological techniques and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that 4 days of acellular hydroxyapatite coating led to a significant cell adhesion on the titanium alloys at an early stage (6 h). Cells tended although to detach from the surface of the coating over time, but those adhered on domains of intricated topography or hydroxyapatite cauliflowers proliferated on them, leading to isolated large cell clusters. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2723–2729, 2016.
Change points in predictors–predictand relationships within the scope of statistical downscaling
Authors: Hertig Elke , Merkenschlager Christian , Jacobeit Jucundus 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTA statistical downscaling approach allowing for change points in the relationships between atmospheric predictors and local precipitation is introduced. Change point analysis within generalized linear models, and change points in the predictor characteristics were used to develop a change point statistical downscaling approach. The approach is illustrated for station‐based winter precipitation in the Mediterranean area.In this study, 94 stations were considered. The change point analysis yielded 37 stations with robust change points in the predictors–precipitation relationships. An added value regarding statistical model performance of the change point approach compared to the use of statistical models without change points was observed for 15 out of the 37 stations. In the projections under enhanced greenhouse gas forcing the application of the change point approach for the 15 stations affects the downscaled precipitation amounts, with significant differences compared to the application of downscaling models without change points for about one third of these stations.Under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenario conditions, mainly increases of winter precipitation are projected until the end of the 21st century for parts of the western and northern Mediterranean area, whereas the north‐eastern and eastern Mediterranean areas are affected by decreases.
Thin‐film transistor mobility limits considerations
Authors: Stewart Kevin A. , Wager John F. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe mobility limiting scattering mechanisms for amorphous semiconductors and polar polycrystalline semiconductors are studied in the context of developing new high‐performance thin‐film transistor (TFT) channel layer materials for large‐area electronics. A physics‐based model for carrier transport in an amorphous semiconductor is developed to estimate the mobility limits of amorphous semiconductor TFTs. The model involves band tail state trapping of a diffusive mobility. Simulation reveals a strong dependence on the band tail density of states. This consideration makes it difficult to realize a high‐performance p‐type oxide TFT. A polar crystalline semiconductor may offer a higher mobility but is fundamentally limited by polar optical phonon scattering. Any crystalline TFT channel layer for practical large‐area applications will not be a single crystal but polycrystalline, and therefore, grain size and grain boundary‐dependent scattering will further degrade the transport properties.
Surgical anatomy of the vascularized submental lymph node flap: Anatomic study of correlation of submental artery perforators and quantity of submental lymph node
Authors: Tzou Chieh Han , Meng Stefan , Ines Tinhofer , Reissig Lukas , Pichler Ursula , Steinbacher Johannes , Pona Igor , Roka‐Palkovits Julia , Rath Thomas , Weninger Wolfgang J. , Cheng Ming‐Huei 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundHarvesting the submental flap for vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT) presents a challenging procedure because of, the topographic variation of the submental artery (SA) and the marginal mandible nerve (MMN) and the limited pedicle length for a free tissue transfer. The aim of this study was to evaluate surgical anatomical landmarks and variations of the submental lymph node flap (SLNF).Methods and MaterialsThe authors examined the characteristics and landmarks of 18 SLNF in nine fresh cadavers. The diameter, length, and caliber of the SA and its relation to bony anatomic landmarks were measured. In addition, the number of lymph nodes (LNN) was evaluated through dissection and ultrasound.ResultsWithin the designated SLNF (10 × 5 cm2), the number of LNN was on average 3 ± 0.6, with an average size of 4.5 ± 1.8 mm × 2.9 ± 1.2 mm. Projection of the LNN on the mandible, measured from the gnathion (GT, median‐sagittal‐plane) toward the gonion (GN, mandibular angle), was at 63.4 ± 5.8 mm (e.g., 65%) of the mandible for the first lymph node (LN), and for the following LNN was at 50.4 ± 7.7 mm (e.g., 52%), 44.0 ± 8.6 mm (e.g., 45%), and 40.50  ±  2.1 mm (e.g., 42%). The MMN consistently crossed the mandible body and the facial artery (FA) from dorso‐caudal to ventro‐cranial at 72 ± 5.2 mm, e.g., 75% of the mandible's length. Here, the nerve always lay superficial to the FA and was on average 0.96 ± 0.14 mm in diameter. Submental artery was located on average at 64 mm (e.g., 66%) of the mandible, with an average diameter of 1.34 ± 0.2 mm.ConclusionThe submental lymph node flap has a constant vascular supply by the submental artery. Lymph node count is on average three. Lymph nodes are close to the submental artery and its perforators. Marginal mandibular nerve lies superficial to the facial artery and crosses the artery at 75% of the mandible body length (gnathion to gonion = 100%). J. Surg. Oncol. 2017;115:54–59. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.