bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anticipation labiale et perception visuelle
Authors: Roy Johanna-Pascale 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe main aim of this article is to describe the visual perception process of anticipatory rounding gestures in [iC(CCCC)y] sequences by considering the characteristics that contribute to their production (articulatory configurations, temporal data, and kinematic events). Productions of two French speakers were analyzed to obtain the data needed to interpret the results of a perception test composed of truncated visual sequences using thegatingparadigm. The results indicate that the perceptually effective portion of the gesture usually begins when a significant velocity peak is observed. In contrast, if the sequence has no prominent velocity peak, the rounded vowel can be recognized only when the labial configurations are closer to the articulatory target. The results can be interpreted on the basis of general models for movement perception, in this caserepresentational momentum.
(When) Do Antipoverty Programs Reduce Violence? India's Rural Employment Guarantee and Maoist Conflict
Authors: Dasgupta Aditya , Gawande Kishore , Kapur Devesh 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTheory and extensive evidence connect poverty and underdevelopment to civil conflict yet evidence on the impact of development programs on violence is surprisingly mixed. To break this impasse, we exploit a within-country policy experiment to examine the conditions under which antipoverty programs reduce violence. The roll-out of India's National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme caused a large long-run reduction in Maoist conflict violence, as measured with an original data set based on local-language press sources. These pacifying effects were not uniform, however, but overwhelmingly concentrated in districts with sufficient pre-existing local state capacity to implement the program effectively. The results demonstrate the potential for anti-poverty programs to mitigate violent civil conflict by improving livelihoods, but also highlight the crucial role of state capacity in shaping these effects.
The Ghana Trades Union Congress and the Politics of International Labor Alliances, 1957–1971
Authors: Sackeyfio-Lenoch Naaborko 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis article explores the motives of Ghana’s Trades Union Congress in securing development assistance during the era of decolonization and early independence. African interests and agency in these complex processes of negotiation have not been sufficiently untangled to highlight the decisions that African trade unionists made as they aligned with, and fostered, international networks and alliances to meet particular development goals. By highlighting the perspectives and actions of Ghana’s trade union officials, the article demonstrates what Africans sought to achieve through connections to international trade union organizations. The Ghana case illustrates the ways in which African trade unionists actively engaged in the variable and competing politics and policies of local, regional, and global trade unionism in order to strengthen their union apparatus and meet shifting needs.
Choroidal thickness evaluation in paediatric patients with adenotonsillar hypertrophy
Authors: Yenigun A , Elbay A , Hafiz A M , Ozturan O 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjective:To investigate choroidal thickness using enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography in paediatric patients with adenotonsillar hypertrophy, with comparison to healthy children, three months after adenotonsillectomy.Methods:The patients were assigned to three groups: an adenotonsillar hypertrophy group, an adenotonsillectomy group and a healthy control group. In all groups, subfoveal, temporal and nasal choroidal thickness measurements were taken.Results:In the subfoveal, temporal and nasal regions, choroidal tissue was found to be significantly thinner in adenotonsillar hypertrophy children than healthy children (p = 0.012, p = 0.027 and p = 0.020). The subfoveal and temporal choroidal thickness measurements of adenotonsillar hypertrophy group cases were significantly decreased compared to those in the adenotonsillectomy group (p = 0.038 and p = 0.048).Conclusion:There was a significant association between decreased choroidal thickness and adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Adenotonsillar hypertrophy may play an important role in decreased choroidal thickness.
Externalizing behavior severity in youths with callous–unemotional traits corresponds to patterns of amygdala activity and connectivity during judgments of causing fear
Authors: Cardinale Elise M. , Breeden Andrew L. , Robertson Emily L. , Lozier Leah M. , Vanmeter John W. , Marsh Abigail A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCallous–unemotional (CU) traits characterize a subgroup of youths with conduct problems who exhibit low empathy, fearlessness, and elevated externalizing behaviors. The current study examines the role of aberrant amygdala activity and functional connectivity during a socioemotional judgment task in youths with CU traits, and links these deficits to externalizing behaviors. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to compare neural responses in 18 healthy youths and 30 youths with conduct problems and varying levels of CU traits as they evaluated the acceptability of causing another person to experience each of several emotions, including fear. Neuroimaging analyses examined blood oxygenation level dependent responses and task-dependent functional connectivity. High-CU youths exhibited left amygdala hypoactivation relative to healthy controls and low-CU youths primarily during evaluations of causing others fear. CU traits moderated the relationship between externalizing behavior and both amygdala activity and patterns of functional connectivity. The present data suggest that CU youths' aberrant amygdala activity and connectivity affect how they make judgments about the acceptability of causing others emotional distress, and that these aberrations represent risk factors for externalizing behaviors like rule breaking and aggression. These findings suggest that reducing externalizing behaviors in high-CU youths may require interventions that influence affective sensitivity.
A tetraoxane-based antimalarial drug candidate that overcomes PfK13-C580Y dependent artemisinin resistance
Authors: O’Neill Paul M. , Amewu Richard K. , Charman Susan A. , Sabbani Sunil , Gnädig Nina F. , Straimer Judith , Fidock David A. , Shore Emma R. , Roberts Natalie L. , Wong Michael H.-L. , Hong W. David , Pidathala Chandrakala , Riley Chris , Murphy Ben , Aljayyoussi Ghaith , Gamo Francisco Javier , Sanz Laura , Rodrigues Janneth , Cortes Carolina Gonzalez , Herreros Esperanza , Angulo-Barturén Iñigo , Jiménez-Díaz María Belén , Bazaga Santiago Ferrer , Martínez-Martínez María Santos , Campo Brice , Sharma Raman , Ryan Eileen , Shackleford David M. , Campbell Simon , Smith Dennis A. , Wirjanata Grennady , Noviyanti Rintis , Price Ric N. , Marfurt Jutta , Palmer Michael J. , Copple Ian M. , Mercer Amy E. , Ruecker Andrea , Delves Michael J. , Sinden Robert E. , Siegl Peter , Davies Jill , Rochford Rosemary , Kocken Clemens H. M. , Zeeman Anne-Marie , Nixon Gemma L. , Biagini Giancarlo A. , Ward Stephen A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractK13 gene mutations are a primary marker of artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria that threatens the long-term clinical utility of artemisinin-based combination therapies, the cornerstone of modern day malaria treatment. Here we describe a multinational drug discovery programme that has delivered a synthetic tetraoxane-based molecule, E209, which meets key requirements of the Medicines for Malaria Venture drug candidate profiles. E209 has potent nanomolar inhibitory activity against multiple strains of P. falciparum and P. vivax in vitro, is efficacious against P. falciparum in in vivo rodent models, produces parasite reduction ratios equivalent to dihydroartemisinin and has pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics compatible with a single-dose cure. In vitro studies with transgenic parasites expressing variant forms of K13 show no cross-resistance with the C580Y mutation, the primary variant observed in Southeast Asia. E209 is a superior next generation endoperoxide with combined pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic features that overcome the liabilities of artemisinin derivatives.
Genomic variation associated with local adaptation of weedy rice during de-domestication
Authors: Qiu Jie , Zhou Yongjun , Mao Lingfeng , Ye Chuyu , Wang Weidi , Zhang Jianping , Yu Yongyi , Fu Fei , Wang Yunfei , Qian Feijian , Qi Ting , Wu Sanling , Sultana Most Humaira , Cao Ya-Nan , Wang Yu , Timko Michael P. , Ge Song , Fan Longjiang , Lu Yongliang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDe-domestication is a unique evolutionary process by which domesticated crops are converted into ‘wild predecessor like’ forms. Weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) is an excellent model to dissect the molecular processes underlying de-domestication. Here, we analyse the genomes of 155 weedy and 76 locally cultivated rice accessions from four representative regions in China that were sequenced to an average 18.2 × coverage. Phylogenetic and demographic analyses indicate that Chinese weedy rice was de-domesticated independently from cultivated rice and experienced a strong genetic bottleneck. Although evolving from multiple origins, critical genes underlying convergent evolution of different weedy types can be found. Allele frequency analyses suggest that standing variations and new mutations contribute differently to japonica and indica weedy rice. We identify a Mb-scale genomic region present in weedy rice but not cultivated rice genomes that shows evidence of balancing selection, thereby suggesting that there might be more complexity inherent to the process of de-domestication.
Coherent structural trapping through wave packet dispersion during photoinduced spin state switching
Authors: Lemke Henrik T. , Kjær Kasper S. , Hartsock Robert , van Driel Tim B. , Chollet Matthieu , Glownia James M. , Song Sanghoon , Zhu Diling , Pace Elisabetta , Matar Samir F. , Nielsen Martin M. , Benfatto Maurizio , Gaffney Kelly J. , Collet Eric , Cammarata Marco 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe description of ultrafast nonadiabatic chemical dynamics during molecular photo-transformations remains challenging because electronic and nuclear configurations impact each other and cannot be treated independently. Here we gain experimental insights, beyond the Born–Oppenheimer approximation, into the light-induced spin-state trapping dynamics of the prototypical [Fe(bpy)3]2+ compound by time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy at sub-30-femtosecond resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio. The electronic decay from the initial optically excited electronic state towards the high spin state is distinguished from the structural trapping dynamics, which launches a coherent oscillating wave packet (265 fs period), clearly identified as molecular breathing. Throughout the structural trapping, the dispersion of the wave packet along the reaction coordinate reveals details of intramolecular vibronic coupling before a slower vibrational energy dissipation to the solution environment. These findings illustrate how modern time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy can provide key information to unravel dynamic details of photo-functional molecules.
Non-Poissonian photon statistics from macroscopic photon cutting materials
Authors: de Jong Mathijs , Meijerink Andries , Rabouw Freddy T. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn optical materials energy is usually extracted only from the lowest excited state, resulting in fundamental energy-efficiency limits such as the Shockley–Queisser limit for single-junction solar cells. Photon-cutting materials provide a way around such limits by absorbing high-energy photons and ‘cutting’ them into multiple low-energy excitations that can subsequently be extracted. The occurrence of photon cutting or quantum cutting has been demonstrated in a variety of materials, including semiconductor quantum dots, lanthanides and organic dyes. Here we show that photon cutting results in bunched photon emission on the timescale of the excited-state lifetime, even when observing a macroscopic number of optical centres. Our theoretical derivation matches well with experimental data on NaLaF4:Pr3+, a material that can cut deep-ultraviolet photons into two visible photons. This signature of photon cutting can be used to identify and characterize new photon-cutting materials unambiguously.
Natural allelic variation of FRO2 modulates Arabidopsis root growth under iron deficiency
Authors: Satbhai Santosh B. , Setzer Claudia , Freynschlag Florentina , Slovak Radka , Kerdaffrec Envel , Busch Wolfgang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLow availability of Fe significantly limits crop yields in many parts of the world. However, it is largely unknown which genes and alleles adjust plant growth in Fe limited environments. Using natural variation of a geographically restricted panel of Arabidopsis thaliana accessions, we identify allelic variation at the FRO2 locus associated with root length under iron deficiency. We show that non-coding sequence variation at the FRO2 locus leads to variation of FRO2 transcript levels, as well as ferric chelate reductase activity, and is causal for a portion of the observed root length variation. These FRO2 allele dependent differences are coupled with altered seedling phenotypes grown on iron-limited soil. Overall, we show that these natural genetic variants of FRO2 tune its expression. These variants might be useful for improvement of agronomically relevant species under specific environmental conditions, such as in podzols or calcareous soils.
Massive expansion and differential evolution of small heat shock proteins with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) polyploidization
Authors: Wang Xiaoming , Wang Ruochen , Ma Chuang , Shi Xue , Liu Zhenshan , Wang Zhonghua , Sun Qixin , Cao Jun , Xu Shengbao 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWheat (Triticum aestivum), one of the world’s most important crops, is facing unprecedented challenges due to global warming. To evaluate the gene resources for heat adaptation in hexaploid wheat, small heat shock proteins (sHSPs), the key plant heat protection genes, were comprehensively analysed in wheat and related species. We found that the sHSPs of hexaploid wheat were massively expanded in A and B subgenomes with intrachromosomal duplications during polyploidization. These expanded sHSPs were under similar purifying selection and kept the expressional patterns with the original copies. Generally, a strong purifying selection acted on the α-crystallin domain (ACD) and theoretically constrain conserved function. Meanwhile, weaker purifying selection and strong positive selection acted on the N-terminal region, which conferred sHSP flexibility, allowing adjustments to a wider range of substrates in response to genomic and environmental changes. Notably, in CI, CV, ER, MI and MII subfamilies, gene duplications, expression variations and functional divergence occurred before wheat polyploidization. Our results indicate the massive expansion of active sHSPs in hexaploid wheat may also provide more raw materials for evolving functional novelties and generating genetic diversity to face future global climate changes, and highlight the expansion of stress response genes with wheat polyploidization.
Aberrant Intra- and Internetwork Functional Connectivity in Depressed Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Wei Luqing , Hu Xiao , Zhu Yajing , Yuan Yonggui , Liu Weiguo , Chen Hong 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMuch is known concerning the underlying mechanisms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) with depression, but our understanding of this disease at the neural-system level remains incomplete. This study used resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) and independent component analysis (ICA) to investigate intrinsic functional connectivity (FC) within and between large-scale neural networks in 20 depressed PD (dPD) patients, 35 non-depressed PD (ndPD) patients, and 34 healthy controls (HC). To alleviate the influence caused by ICA model order selection, this work reported results from analyses at 2 levels (low and high model order). Within these two analyses, similar results were obtained: 1) dPD and ndPD patients relative to HC had reduced FC in basal ganglia network (BGN); 2) dPD compared with ndPD patients exhibited increased FC in left frontoparietal network (LFPN) and salience network (SN), and decreased FC in default-mode network (DMN); 3) dPD patients compared to HC showed increased FC between DMN and LFPN. Additionally, connectivity anomalies in the DMN, LFPN and SN correlated with the depression severity in patients with PD. Our findings confirm the involvement of BGN, DMN, LFPN and SN in depression in PD, facilitating the development of more detailed and integrative neural models of PD with depression.
Iterative Sequencing and Variant Screening (ISVS) as a novel pathogenic mutations search strategy - application for TMPRSS3 mutations screen
Authors: Lechowicz Urszula , Gambin Tomasz , Pollak Agnieszka , Podgorska Anna , Stawinski Piotr , Franke Andre , Petersen Britt-Sabina , Firczuk Malgorzata , Oldak Monika , Skarzynski Henryk , Ploski Rafal 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAutosomal recessive diseases (ARD) are typically caused by a limited number of mutations whose identification is challenged by their low prevalence. Our purpose was to develop a novel approach allowing an efficient search for mutations causing ARD and evaluation of their pathogenicity without a control group. We developed Iterative Sequencing and Variant Screening (ISVS) approach based on iterative cycles of gene sequencing and mutation screening, and ISVS Simulator software (http://zsibio.ii.pw.edu.pl/shiny/isvs/) for assessment of detected variants’ significance. As shown by simulations, ISVS efficiently identifies and correctly classifies pathogenic mutations except for cases where the gene of interest has extremely high number of low frequency nonpathogenic variants. By applying ISVS, we found 4 known and 9 novel (p.C73Y, p.S124L, p.C194Mfs*17, c.782 + 2 T > A, c.953-5 A > G, p.L325Q, p.D334Mfs*24, p.R436G, p.M448T) TMPRSS3 variants among deaf patients. For 3 known and 5 novel variants the disease association was supported by ISVS Simulator odds >90:1. Pathogenicity of 6 novel mutations has been supported by in-silico predictions of variants’ deleteriousness. By directly comparing variant prevalence in patients and controls, disease association was demonstrated only for two variants and it was relatively weak (P < 0.05). Summarizing, ISVS strategy and ISVS Simulator are useful for detection of genetic variants causing AR diseases.
Bone marrow niche-mimetics modulate HSPC function via integrin signaling
Authors: Kräter Martin , Jacobi Angela , Otto Oliver , Tietze Stefanie , Müller Katrin , Poitz David M. , Palm Sandra , Zinna Valentina M. , Biehain Ulrike , Wobus Manja , Chavakis Triantafyllos , Werner Carsten , Guck Jochen , Bornhauser Martin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe bone marrow (BM) microenvironment provides critical physical cues for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) maintenance and fate decision mediated by cell-matrix interactions. However, the mechanisms underlying matrix communication and signal transduction are less well understood. Contrary, stem cell culture is mainly facilitated in suspension cultures. Here, we used bone marrow-mimetic decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds derived from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to study HSPC-ECM interaction. Seeding freshly isolated HSPCs adherent (AT) and non-adherent (SN) cells were found. We detected enhanced expansion and active migration of AT-cells mediated by ECM incorporated stromal derived factor one. Probing cell mechanics, AT-cells displayed naïve cell deformation compared to SN-cells indicating physical recognition of ECM material properties by focal adhesion. Integrin αIIb (CD41), αV (CD51) and β3 (CD61) were found to be induced. Signaling focal contacts via ITGβ3 were identified to facilitate cell adhesion, migration and mediate ECM-physical cues to modulate HSPC function.
Developmental changes in social attention and oxytocin levels in infants and children
Authors: Nishizato Minaho , Fujisawa Takashi X. , Kosaka Hirotaka , Tomoda Akemi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractOxytocin (OT) signalling represents one of the most critical systems involved in human social behaviour. Although several studies have examined the relationship between social functioning and peripheral OT levels, the association between OT and the development of social attention has not been well studied. Therefore, we investigated the developmental relationship between gaze fixation for social cues and OT levels during young childhood. We examined visual attention using an eye tracking system in infants and children (5–90 months of age) and measured the concentration of OT in saliva samples. We observed a negative association between age and both attention toward social cues and salivary OT levels, and a positive association between age and attention for non-social cues. We also observed that salivary OT levels were modulated by polymorphisms in oxytocin receptor (OXTR) rs53576. Our results suggest that there is an age-dependent association between visual attention for social cues and OT levels in infants and children, and that the development of visual attention to the eyes as social cues is associated with both OXTR polymorphisms and OT levels. Such findings indicate that OT and OXTR status may provide insight into the atypical development of social attention in infants and young children.
Experimental investigation of quantum entropic uncertainty relations for multiple measurements in pure diamond
Authors: Xing Jian , Zhang Yu-Ran , Liu Shang , Chang Yan-Chun , Yue Jie-Dong , Fan Heng , Pan Xin-Yu 
Published: May 2017

AbstractOne unique feature of quantum mechanics is the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, which states that the outcomes of two incompatible measurements cannot simultaneously achieve arbitrary precision. In an information-theoretic context of quantum information, the uncertainty principle can be formulated as entropic uncertainty relations with two measurements for a quantum bit (qubit) in two-dimensional system. New entropic uncertainty relations are studied for a higher-dimensional quantum state with multiple measurements, and the uncertainty bounds can be tighter than that expected from two measurements settings and cannot result from qubits system with or without a quantum memory. Here we report the first room-temperature experimental testing of the entropic uncertainty relations with three measurements in a natural three-dimensional solid-state system: the nitrogen-vacancy center in pure diamond. The experimental results confirm the entropic uncertainty relations for multiple measurements. Our result represents a more precise demonstrating of the fundamental uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics.