bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial Hearing with Incongruent Visual or Auditory Room Cues
Authors: Gil-Carvajal Juan C. , Cubick Jens , Santurette Sébastien , Dau Torsten 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn day-to-day life, humans usually perceive the location of sound sources as outside their heads. This externalized auditory spatial perception can be reproduced through headphones by recreating the sound pressure generated by the source at the listener’s eardrums. This requires the acoustical features of the recording environment and listener’s anatomy to be recorded at the listener’s ear canals. Although the resulting auditory images can be indistinguishable from real-world sources, their externalization may be less robust when the playback and recording environments differ. Here we tested whether a mismatch between playback and recording room reduces perceived distance, azimuthal direction, and compactness of the auditory image, and whether this is mostly due to incongruent auditory cues or to expectations generated from the visual impression of the room. Perceived distance ratings decreased significantly when collected in a more reverberant environment than the recording room, whereas azimuthal direction and compactness remained room independent. Moreover, modifying visual room-related cues had no effect on these three attributes, while incongruent auditory room-related cues between the recording and playback room did affect distance perception. Consequently, the external perception of virtual sounds depends on the degree of congruency between the acoustical features of the environment and the stimuli.
Integrative mutation, haplotype and G × G interaction evidence connects ABGL4, LRP8 and PCSK9 genes to cardiometabolic risk
Authors: Guo Tao , Yin Rui-Xing , Yao Li-Mei , Huang Feng , Pan Ling , Lin Wei-Xiong , Yang De-Zhai , Pan Shang-Ling 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis study is expected to investigate the association of ATP/GTP binding protein-like 4 (AGBL4), LDL receptor related protein 8 (LRP8) and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) gene single nucleotide variants (SNVs) with lipid metabolism in 2,552 individuals (Jing, 1,272 and Han, 1,280). We identified 12 mutations in this motif. The genotype and allele frequencies of these variants were different between the two populations. Multiple-locus linkage disequilibrium (LD) elucidated the detected sites are not statistically independent. Possible integrative haplotypes and gene-by-gene (G × G) interactions, comprising mutations of the AGBL4, LRP8 and PCSK9 associated with total cholesterol (TC, AGBL4 G-G-A, PCSK9 C-G-A-A and G-G-A-A-C-A-T-T-T-G-G-A), triglyceride (TG, AGBL4 G-G-A, LRP8 G-A-G-C-C, PCSK9 C-A-A-G, A-A-G-G-A-G-C-C-C-A-A-G and A-A-G-G-A-G-C-C-C-G-A-A), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C, AGBL4 A-A-G and A-A-G-A-A-G-T-C-C-A-A-G) and the apolipoprotein(Apo)A1/ApoB ratio (A1/B, PCSK9 C-A-A-G) in Jing minority. However, in the Hans, with TG (AGBL4 G-G-A, LRP8 G-A-G-C-C, PCSK9 C-A-A-G, A-A-G-G-A-G-C-C-C-A-A-G and A-A-G-G-A-G-C-C-C-G-A-A), HDL-C (LRP8 A-A-G-T-C), LDL-C (LRP8 A-A-G-T-C and A-A-G-A-A-G-T-C-C-A-A-G) and A1/B (LRP8 A-C-A-T-T and PCSK9 C-A-A-G). Association analysis based on haplotype clusters and G × G interactions probably increased power over single-locus tests especially for TG.
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of the Skull Base—Case Report
Authors: Alves Filho Arnon , Porfírio Adans , Ribeiro Washington , Fonseca Daniel , Malta Moana , Camelo Rafael , Camelo Ricardo 
Published: November 2016

Introduction Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are pseudotumoral bone lesions of unknown etiology that are also hypervascularized, benign, and locally destructive. They are rare in the base of the skull. The present case report describes a case of aneurysmal bone cyst in the sella turcica.
Case Report The present study was developed at the department of neurosurgery of the Hospital Universitário Professor Alberto Antunes of the Universidade Federal de Alagoas (HUPAA-AL, in the Portuguese acronym), Maceió, state of Alagoas, Brazil, and is accompanied by a review of the literature from the PubMed database. A 17-year-old female patient with bitemporal hemianopia and intense left hemicranial headache associated with symptoms from the cranial nerves contained in the cavernous sinus. Neuroimaging evidenced a large lesion in the suprasellar region with calcification foci, sellar erosion, and extension to the cavernous sinus. The patient was submitted to a partial lesion resection and the histopathological analysis showed an aneurysmal bone cyst.
Conclusion A rare case of intracranial aneurysmal bone cyst, with the important differential diagnosis from pituitary adenoma.
Regime shifts and hysteresis in the pitcher-plant microecosystem
Authors: Lau Matthew K. , Baiser Benjamin , Northrop Amanda , Gotelli Nicholas J. , Ellison Aaron M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractChanges in environmental conditions can lead to rapid shifts in the state of an ecosystem (“regime shifts”), which, even after the environment has returned to previous conditions, subsequently recovers slowly to the previous state (“hysteresis”). Large spatial and temporal scales of dynamics, and the lack of frameworks linking observations to models, are challenges to understanding and predicting ecosystem responses to perturbations. The naturally-occurring microecosystem inside leaves of the northern pitcher plant (Sarracenia purpurea) exhibits oligotrophic and eutrophic states that can be induced by adding insect prey. Here, we further develop a model for simulating these dynamics, parameterize it using data from a prey addition experiment and conduct a sensitivity analysis to identify critical zones within the parameter space. Simulations illustrate that the microecosystem model displays regime shifts and hysteresis. Parallel results were observed in the plant itself after experimental enrichment with prey. Decomposition rate of prey was the main driver of system dynamics, including the time the system remains in an anoxic state and the rate of return to an oxygenated state. Biological oxygen demand in fluenced the shape of the system’s return trajectory. The combination of simulated results, sensitivity analysis and use of empirical results to parameterize the model more precisely demonstrates that theSarraceniamicroecosystem model displays behaviors qualitatively similar to models of larger ecological systems.
A first-principle for the nervous system
Authors: Vadakkan Kunjumon I. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHigher brain functions such as perception and memory are first-person internal sensations whose mechanisms can have options to concurrently activate motor neurons for behavioral action. By setting up all the required constraints using available information from different levels, a theoretical examination from a first-person frame of reference led to the derivation of a first-principle of the structure-function units. These units operate in synchrony with the synaptically-connected neural circuitry. These units are capable of explaining and interconnecting findings from various levels and enable triangulation of a large number of observations from both the normal and “loss of function” states of the system. Indirect evidence for the presence of a comparable circuitry in a remote species −Drosophila− suggests the universal presence of these units across the animal kingdom. The key features of the basic unit meet the expectations of the K-lines proposed for the development of artificial intelligence.
Genomic Rearrangements Considered as Quantitative Traits
Authors: Imprialou Martha , Kahles André , Steffen Joshua G. , Osborne Edward J. , Gan Xiangchao , Lempe Janne , Bhomra Amarjit , Belfield Eric , Visscher Anne , Greenhalgh Robert , Harberd Nicholas P , Goram Richard , Hein Jotun , Robert-Seilaniantz Alexandre , Jones Jonathan , Stegle Oliver , Kover Paula , Tsiantis Miltos , Nordborg Magnus , Rätsch Gunnar , Clark Richard M. , Mott Richard 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTo understand the population genetics of structural variants (SVs), and their effects on phenotypes, we developed an approach to mapping SVs, particularly transpositions, segregating in a sequenced population, and which avoids calling SVs directly. The evidence for a potential SV at a locus is indicated by variation in the counts of short-reads that map anomalously to the locus. These SV traits are treated as quantitative traits and mapped genetically, analogously to a gene expression study. Association between an SV trait at one locus and genotypes at a distant locus indicate the origin and target of a transposition. Using ultra-low-coverage (0.3x) population sequence data from 488 recombinant inbredArabidopsisgenomes, we identified 6,502 segregating SVs. Remarkably, 25% of these were transpositions. Whilst many SVs cannot be delineated precisely, PCR validated 83% of 44 predicted transposition breakpoints. We show that specific SVs may be causative for quantitative trait loci for germination, fungal disease resistance and other phenotypes. Further we show that the phenotypic heritability attributable to sequence anomalies differs from, and in the case of time to germination and bolting, exceeds that due to standard genetic variation. Gene expression within SVs is also more likely to be silenced or dysregulated. This approach is generally applicable to large populations sequenced at low-coverage, and complements the prevalent strategy of SV discovery in fewer individuals sequenced at high coverage.
Interneuronal mechanisms of hippocampal theta oscillation in full-scale model of the CA1 circuit
Authors: Bezaire Marianne J. , Raikov Ivan , Burk Kelly , Vyas Dhrumil , Soltesz Ivan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe hippocampal theta rhythm plays important roles in information processing; however, the mechanisms of its generation are not well understood. We developed a data-driven, supercomputer-based, full-scale (1:1) model of the CA1 area and studied its interneurons during theta oscillations. Theta rhythm with phase-locked gamma oscillations and phase-preferential discharges of distinct in terneuronal types spontaneously emerged from the isolated CA1 circuit without rhythmic inputs. Perturbation experiments identified parvalbumin-expressing interneurons and neurogliaform cells, as well as interneuronal diversity itself, as important factors in theta generation. These simulations reveal new insights into the spatiotemporal organization of the CA1 circuit during theta oscillations.
Association of five SNPs with human hair colour in the Polish population
Authors: Siewierska-Górska A. , Sitek A. , Żądzińska E. , Bartosz G. , Strapagiel D. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTwenty-two variants of the genes involved in hair pigmentation (OCA2, HERC2, MC1R, SLC24A5, SLC45A2, TPCN2, TYR, TYRP1) were genotyped in a group of 186 Polish subjects, representing a range of hair colours (45 red, 64 blond, 77 dark). A genotype-phenotype association analysis was performed.Using z-statistics and the associated p-value, we identified three variants highly associated with different hair colour categories (rs12913832:A>G in HERC2, rs1805007:T>C and rs1805008:C>T in MC1R). Two variants: rs1800401:C>T in OCA2 and rs16891982:C>G in SLC45A2 showed a high probability of a relation with hair colour, although that probability did not exceed the threshold of statistical significance after applying the Bonferroni correction. We created and validated mathematical logistic regression models in order to test the usefulness of the sets of polymorphisms for hair colour prediction in the Polish population. We subjected four models to stratified cross-validation. The first model consisted of three polymorphisms that proved to be important in the associative analysis. The second model included, apart from the mentioned polymorphisms, additionally rs16891982:C>G in SLC45A. The third model included, apart from the variants relevant in the associative analysis, rs1800401:C>T in OCA. The fourth model consisted of the set of polymorphisms from the first model supplemented with rs16891982:C>G in SLC45A and rs1800401:C>T in OCA. The validation of our models showed that the inclusion of rs16891982:C>G in SLC45A and rs1800401:C>T in OCA increases the prediction of red hair in comparison with the algorithm only including rs12913832:A>G in HERC2, rs1805007:T>C and rs1805008:C>T in MC1R. The model consisting of all the five above-mentioned genetic variants showed good prediction accuracies, expressed by the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristics: 0.84 for the red-haired, 0.82 for the dark-haired and 0.71 for the blond-haired. A genotype-phenotype association analysis brought results similar to those in other studies and confirmed the role of rs16891982:C>G, rs12913832:A>G, rs1805007:T>C and rs1805008:C>T in hair colour determination in the Polish population. Our study demonstrated for the first time the possibility of a share of the rs1800401:C>T SNP in the OCA2 gene in hair colour determination. Including this SNP in the actual hair colour predicting models would improve their predictive accuracy.
A computational method for the investigation of multistable systems and its application to genetic switches
Authors: Leon M. , Woods M. L. , Fedorec A.J.H. , Barnes C.P. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractGenetic switches exhibit multistability, form the basis of epigenetic memory, and are found in natural decision making systems, such as cell fate determination in developmental pathways. Synthetic genetic switches can be used for recording the presence of different environmental signals, for changing phenotype using synthetic inputs and as building blocks for higher-level sequential logic circuits. Understanding how multistable switches can be constructed and how they function within larger biological systems is therefore key to synthetic biology. Here we present a new computational tool, called StabilityFinder, that takes advantage of sequential Monte Carlo methods to identify regions of parameter space capable of producing multistable behaviour, while handling uncertainty in biochemical rate constants and initial conditions. The algorithm works by clustering trajectories in phase space, and iteratively minimizing a distance metric. Here we examine a collection of models of genetic switches, ranging from the deterministic Gardner toggle switch to stochastic models containing different positive feedback connections. We uncover the design principles behind making bistable, tristable and quadristable switches, and find that rate of gene expression is a key parameter. We demonstrate the ability of the framework to examine more complex systems and examine the design principles of a three gene switch. Our framework allows us to relax the assumptions that are often used in genetic switch models and we show that more complex abstractions are still capable of multistable behaviour. Our results suggest many ways in which genetic switches can be enhanced and offer designs for the construction of novel switches. Our analysis also highlights subtle changes in correlation of experimentally tunable parameters that can lead to bifurcations in deterministic and stochastic systems. Overall we demonstrate that StabilityFinder will be a valuable tool in the future design and construction of novel gene networks.
Adaptive anonymity: Crypsis as an evolutionary trait of floral yeasts?
Authors: Mittelbach Moritz , Yurkov Andrey M. , Begerow Dominik 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNectar-dwelling yeast and bacteria are common inhabitants of flowers and evidently involved in pollination. The limited number of floral plant-pollinator models studied to date reveal inconsistent conclusions on microbial effects, but coincide with respect to high microbial specificity: while bacteria reduce visitation frequencies of pollinators, nectar-borne specialist yeasts (in contrast to allochthonous or transient species) impose none or even a beneficial effect on flower visitation. However, these findings are in conflict with the strong impact of these predominantly fermenting organisms on the nectar environment. In order to cope with the ultimate dependency of nectar-dwellers on repeated transportation by foragers as a result of early floral senescence, the modifications of nectar associated with specialist growth have been interpreted as adaptations that suit forager’s preferences. But, the development of foraging preferences to either axenic flowers or flowers colonized by specialist microorganisms would lead to a dead-end for nectar-dwellers, as the probability of inoculation into new suitable habitats would be reduced.Based on a critical survey of the available literature and an additional pollinator experiment where we find that the allochthonous speciesCryptococcus victoriaenegatively affects attraction and rewarding of floral visitors, while the specialist yeastMetschnikowia reukaufiidoes not, we propose the hypothesis that nectar-borne yeasts may have evolved to blend into their environment avoiding detection by pollinators, following the ecological concept of crypsis. Although, neither chemical nor olfactory crypsis has been reported for nectar-borne microorganisms, the attention to this mechanism in yeast dispersal needs to be directed in future studies.
Forensic Analysis of Digital Dynamic Signatures: New Methods for Data Treatment and Feature Evaluation
Authors: Linden Jacques , Marquis Raymond , Mazzella Williams 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis study explored digital dynamic signatures containing quantifiable dynamic data. The change in data content and nature necessitates the development of new data treatment approaches. A SignPad Omega digitizing tablet was used to assess measurement reproducibility, as well as within‐writer variation and the occurrence of correctly simulated features. Measurement reproducibility was found to be high except for pressure information. Within‐writer variation was found to be higher between days than on a same day. Occurrence of correct simulation was low for features such as signature size, trajectory length, and total signature time. Feature discrimination factors combining within‐writer variability and the occurrence of correctly simulated features were computed and show that signature size, trajectory length, and signature time are the features that perform the best for discriminating genuine from simulated signatures. A final experiment indicates that dynamic information can be used to create connections between simulation cases.
New Data of Macrofossils in the Ediacaran Wenghui Biota from Guizhou, South China
Authors: WANG Ye , WANG Yue , DU Wei , WANG Xunlian 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe abundance and diversity of macrofossils in the Ediacaran have attracted much attention. The upper Doushantuo macrobiotas in South China, including the Miaohe biota from Hubei and the Wenghui biota from Guizhou, are mainly preserved as the carbonaceous compressions and dominated by macroscopic algae and metazoans. Here, we describe 10 genera and 10 species (including 6 new genera and species) of macrofossils from the Wenghui biota. At present, the Wenghui biota yields macrofossils in more than 31 genera and 33 species, excluding those given no image and established on a few unascertained specimens. Based on the occurrence and distribution of macrofossils in both Miaohe and Wenghui areas, the middle‐late Ediacaran (back shales of the upper Doushantuo Formation) in South China can be subdivided into two assemblage biozones in biostratigraphy: (i) the Protoconites–Linbotulitaenia–Eoandromeda–Anomalophton assemblage biozone characterized by abundant and diverse macrofossils and by the ranges of Protoconites, Linbotulitaenia and Anomalophton; and (ii) the Baculiphyca–Gesinella–Cucullus–Beltanelliformis assemblage biozone characterized by the acme of the longer macrofossils Baculiphyca and Gesinella, and by few shorter and discoidal macrofossils.
New Maikhanellid Shells and Siphogonuchitid Spicule Bundles from the Cambrian Fortunian Stage of South China
Authors: LIU Yunhuan , ZHANG Yanan , SHAO Tiequan , TANG Hanhua , JIANG Kaituo , WANG Qi , CHEN Cheng , DONG Junyan , LIANG Yongchun , DAI Jun , XUE Jiaqi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMaikhanellids are a distinct group of Cambrian Fortunian small shelly fossils by the cap‐shaped profiles and scaly shell ornamentation. According to the individual shell shape and ornamentation feature types of SO maikhanellids fossils which were collected from Xixiang botia, we confirmed the family Maikhanellidae content of six genera, which are Maikhanella, Ramenta, Purella, Ramentoides, Yunnannopleura and Mediata. Unlike the halkieriid animals whose shells and spicules are articulated on different body parts, maikhanellids were presumably yielded by siphogonuchitid spicules penetrating the intermediate matrix (the “spicule shell” hypothesis), and this is the reason that some researchers treated maikhanellids and co‐occurring siphogonuchitids as synonyms. The affinities of Maikhanellids and siphogonuchitids remain debatable. Here, we report three dimensionally phosphatized maikhanellid shells and siphogonuchitid spicule bundles from the Cambrian Fortunian small shell faunas of South China. They differ from all the previously reported maikhanellids and siphogonuchitids, and may represent new types. The intact and smooth surface underneath the partially preserved scales of the shells challenges the “spicule‐shell” hypothesis. The present siphogonuchitid spicules differ from the maikhanellid scales in size, morphology, and arrangement pattern, thus the spicules might not be derived from the shells. Whether the shells and spicule bundles were articulated on different body parts of the same animals remains unknown.
Very Low‐Grade Metamorphism of Clastic Rocks from the Meso‐Neoproterozoic and the Paleozoic along the Profile Yueyang‐Linxiang in Northeastern Hunan Province and Its Geological Implications
Authors: WANG Hejing , YUAN Lei , WANG Ling , ZHOU Zhao , AN Jiali 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis study uses illite crystallinity, chlorite crystallinity, illite polytypes, the b0 cell‐dimension of K‐white mica, clay mineral assemblages and mineral geothermo‐geobarometers to investigate the overprint of diagenesis and metamorphism on the Meso‐Neoproterozoic and the Lower Paleozoic along the profile Yueyang‐Linxiang in northeastern Hunan Province, China. Illite crystallinity Kübler index (KI) of the <2µm fractions ranges from 0.225 to 0.485°Δ2θ while chlorite crystallinity Árkai index (AI) ranges from 0.244 to 1.500°Δ2θ. This indicates that the Meso‐Neoproterozoic and the Lower Paleozoic along the profile Yueyang‐Linxiang were overprinted with diagenesis and anchi‐ to epimetamorphism. Peak metamorphic temperature is estimated with the IV site chlorite geothermometer roughly at 360°C. The b0 cell dimension values of illites (K‐mica) range from 0.9002 to 0.9054 nm and, on average, at 0.9030 nm for the Meso‐Neoproterozoic. Based on cumulative frequency curves of illite (K‐mica) b0 cell dimension, the peak metamorphic pressure of the Meso‐Neoproterozoic along the profile Yueyang‐Linxiang is derived of an intermediate pressure type. Most illites occur in the 2M1 polytype and some of them in a mixture of 2M1+1M types especially those in the Paleozoic. This result partly agrees with the conclusion of the lower greenschist and greenschist facies of the Lengjiaxi and Banxi Groups. However, it is not agreed with the sedimentary cover from the Sinian to the Lower Paleozoic or from the Banxi Group to the Lower Paleozoic. Crustal thickening due to “collision” between the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks led to an increase in the thickness of the Meso‐Neoproterozoic to ca. 14 km and resulted in a temperature increase in those rocks due to burial. The very low grade to low grade metamorphism overprinting the Meso‐Neoproterozoic implies that the so called “Chiangnania or Jiangnan orogen” was no relative with the “Grenvillian orogeney; instead, it might be a continuous amalgamation product between the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks.