bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Modelling of the Mining Induced Horizontal Displacement
Authors: Tajduś Krzysztof 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The paper presents results of numerical calculations and modeling of mining-induced surface deformation based on Finite Element Method (FEM). Applying the numerical method discussed to calculations allows us to assume a larger number of factors, such as rock mass structure, fracture network, rock properties, etc., which essentially affect the results obtained. On the basis of an elastic transversely isotropic model, an analysis of horizontal displacement distribution and surface subsidence was carried out for two sample regions of mines. The results of numerical calculations were later compared with the measured values. Such an analysis proved that the applied numerical model properly described distribution and values of subsidence and slope of subsidence trough, though there were serious differences in the values of calculated horizontal displacement, especially in areas of far influence range. In order to improve the matching, the influence of boundary conditions of the model on the value of calculated horizontal displacement was analyzed. The results are presented in graphs.
Amygdala Modulation of Cerebellar Learning
Authors: Farley Sean J. , Radley Jason J. , Freeman John H. 
Published: February 2016

Previous studies showed that amygdala lesions or inactivation slow the acquisition rate of cerebellum-dependent eyeblink conditioning, a type of associative motor learning. The current study was designed to determine the behavioral nature of amygdala–cerebellum interactions, to identify the neural pathways underlying amygdala–cerebellum interactions, and to examine how the amygdala influences cerebellar learning mechanisms in rats. Pharmacological inactivation of the central amygdala (CeA) severely impaired acquisition and retention of eyeblink conditioning, indicating that the amygdala continues to interact with the cerebellum after conditioning is consolidated (Experiment 1). CeA inactivation also substantially reduced stimulus-evoked and learning-related neuronal activity in the cerebellar anterior interpositus nucleus during acquisition and retention of eyeblink conditioning (Experiment 2). A very small proportion of cerebellar neurons responded to the conditioned stimulus (CS) during CeA inactivation. Finally, retrograde and anterograde tracing experiments identified the basilar pontine nucleus at the confluence of outputs from CeA that may support amygdala modulation of CS input to the cerebellum (Experiment 3). Together, these results highlight a role for the CeA in the gating of CS-related input to the cerebellum during motor learning that is maintained even after the conditioned response is well learned.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe current study is the first to demonstrate that the amygdala modulates sensory-evoked and learning-related neuronal activity within the cerebellum during acquisition and retention of associative learning. The findings suggest a model of amygdala–cerebellum interactions in which the amygdala gates conditioned stimulus inputs to the cerebellum through a direct projection from the medial central nucleus to the basilar pontine nucleus. Amygdala gating of sensory input to the cerebellum may be an attention-like mechanism that facilitates cerebellar learning. In contrast to previous theories of amygdala–cerebellum interactions, the sensory gating hypothesis posits that the gating mechanism continues to be necessary for retrieval of cerebellar memory after learning is well established.
Maturation of NaVand KVChannel Topographies in the Auditory Nerve Spike Initiator before and after Developmental Onset of Hearing Function
Authors: Kim Kyunghee X. , Rutherford Mark A. 
Published: February 2016

Auditory nerve excitation and thus hearing depend on spike-generating ion channels and their placement along the axons of auditory nerve fibers (ANFs). The developmental expression patterns and native axonal locations of voltage-gated ion channels in ANFs are unknown. Therefore, we examined the development of heminodes and nodes of Ranvier in the peripheral axons of type I ANFs in the rat cochlea with immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy. Nodal structures presumably supporting presensory spiking formed between postnatal days 5 (P5) and P7, including Ankyrin-G, NaV1.6, and Caspr. These immature nodal structures lacked low-voltage-activated KV1.1 which was not enriched at juxtaparanodes until approximately P13, concurrent with the developmental onset of acoustic hearing function. Anatomical alignment of ANF spike-initiating heminodes relative to excitatory input from inner hair cell (IHC) ribbon synapses continued until approximately P30. High-voltage-activated KV3.1b and KV2.2 were expressed in mutually exclusive domains: KV3.1b was strictly localized to nodes and heminodes, whereas KV2.2 expression began at the juxtaparanodes and continued centrally along the first internode. At spike-initiating heminodes in the distal osseous spiral lamina, NaV1.1 partly overlapped NaV1.6 and ankyrin-G. ANFs displayed KV7.2 and KV7.3 at heminodes, nodes, internodes, and the unmyelinated synaptic terminal segments beneath IHCs in the organ of Corti. In response to sound, spikes are initiated at the heminode, which is tightly coupled to the IHC ribbon synapse ∼20–40 μm away. These results show that maturation of nodal alignment and ion channel content may underlie postnatal improvements of ANF excitability and discharge synchrony.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAcoustic and electrical hearing depends on rapid, reliable, and precise spike generation in auditory nerve fibers. A limitation of current models and therapies is a lack of information on the identities and topographies of underlying ion channels. We report the developmental profile of the auditory nerve spike generator with a focus on NaV1.1, NaV1.6, KV1.1, KV2.2, KV3.1b, KV7.2, and KV7.3 in relation to the scaffold ankyrin-G. Molecular anatomy of the spike generator matures in the weeks after developmental onset of hearing function. Subcellular positioning of voltage-gated ion channels will enable multicompartmental modeling of auditory nerve responses elicited by afferent chemical neurotransmission from hair cells and modulated by efferent neurotransmitters or evoked by extracellular field stimulation from a cochlear implant.
Cue Reliability Represented in the Shape of Tuning Curves in the Owl's Sound Localization System
Authors: Cazettes Fanny , Fischer Brian J. , Peña Jose L. 
Published: February 2016

Optimal use of sensory information requires that the brain estimates the reliability of sensory cues, but the neural correlate of cue reliability relevant for behavior is not well defined. Here, we addressed this issue by examining how the reliability of spatial cue influences neuronal responses and behavior in the owl's auditory system. We show that the firing rate and spatial selectivity changed with cue reliability due to the mechanisms generating the tuning to the sound localization cue. We found that the correlated variability among neurons strongly depended on the shape of the tuning curves. Finally, we demonstrated that the change in the neurons' selectivity was necessary and sufficient for a network of stochastic neurons to predict behavior when sensory cues were corrupted with noise. This study demonstrates that the shape of tuning curves can stand alone as a coding dimension of environmental statistics.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn natural environments, sensory cues are often corrupted by noise and are therefore unreliable. To make the best decisions, the brain must estimate the degree to which a cue can be trusted. The behaviorally relevant neural correlates of cue reliability are debated. In this study, we used the barn owl's sound localization system to address this question. We demonstrated that the mechanisms that account for spatial selectivity also explained how neural responses changed with degraded signals. This allowed for the neurons' selectivity to capture cue reliability, influencing the population readout commanding the owl's sound-orienting behavior.
Dopaminergic Contributions to Vocal Learning
Authors: Hoffmann Lukas A. , Saravanan Varun , Wood Alynda N. , He Li , Sober Samuel J. 
Published: February 2016

Although the brain relies on auditory information to calibrate vocal behavior, the neural substrates of vocal learning remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that lesions of the dopaminergic inputs to a basal ganglia nucleus in a songbird species (Bengalese finches,Lonchura striata var. domestica) greatly reduced the magnitude of vocal learning driven by disruptive auditory feedback in a negative reinforcement task. These lesions produced no measureable effects on the quality of vocal performance or the amount of song produced. Our results suggest that dopaminergic inputs to the basal ganglia selectively mediate reinforcement-driven vocal plasticity. In contrast, dopaminergic lesions produced no measurable effects on the birds' ability to restore song acoustics to baseline following the cessation of reinforcement training, suggesting that different forms of vocal plasticity may use different neural mechanisms.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDuring skill learning, the brain relies on sensory feedback to improve motor performance. However, the neural basis of sensorimotor learning is poorly understood. Here, we investigate the role of the neurotransmitter dopamine in regulating vocal learning in the Bengalese finch, a songbird with an extremely precise singing behavior that can nevertheless be reshaped dramatically by auditory feedback. Our findings show that reduction of dopamine inputs to a region of the songbird basal ganglia greatly impairs vocal learning but has no detectable effect on vocal performance. These results suggest a specific role for dopamine in regulating vocal plasticity.
NILAI-NILAI KEARIFAN BUDAYA LOKAL ORANG RIMBA (Studi pada Suku Minoritas Rimba di Kecamatan Air Hitam Provinsi Jambi)
Authors: Takiddin Takiddin 
Published: February 2016

This article was written to provide an overview of the values of local wisdom in the culture of Orang Rimba (Jungle People) in Black Water District Sarolangun Jambi Province. To obtain the data in question, the author conducted research by coducting interview, observation and study of literature. Orang Rimba have lifestyles and beliefs that are unique and different from the life of modern society. They looked at the forest as their residence. One belief of Orang Rimba is if there are people who died at their residence, then it is considered as an area harmful and they have to find a new place. This habit is called ”Melangun”. This belief is the main factor that affect the Orang Rimba not settled. Orang Rimba tribe regarded as backward, primitive and easily manipulated. However, if studied carrefully, Orang Rimba have so much values for us to learn, especially in their behavior with regards to natural preservation.
Idea zmartwychwstania w najstarszych religiach Bliskiego Wschodu
Authors: Pycia Janusz 
Published: February 2016

Spojrzenie na religie Bliskiego Wschodu pod kątem wiary w zmartwychwstanie ukazuje, że najbardziej rozwinięta wiara dotycząca życia po śmierci występuje w kulturze egipskiej i perskiej. W pierwszej wyraźne jest przekonanie o konieczności posiadania „nowego ciała” w celu przebywania w obecności boga słońca Re, natomiast w drugiej, zwłaszcza biorąc pod uwagę zaratusztrianizm, wyraźnie ukazuje się postać Saoszjanta, mającego poprowadzić ludzi do ostatecznego zwycięstwa z siłami zła i ustanawiającego bezpośrednie królestwo Ahura Mazdy. Ciekawa jest także w wierzeniach Persów wzmianka na temat trzeciego dnia, jako czasu przejścia duszy zmarłego z „tego świata” i stanięcie przed indywidualnym sądem. Ten ostatni ma także miejsce w wierzeniach egipskich, według których jest on momentem moralnego rozliczenia zmarłego z ziemskiego życia. W przypadku kultury mezopotamskiej i fenickiej, choć istniała w nich wiara w pewną formę nieustannego życia po śmierci w podziemiach, nieśmiertelność dotyczyła jedynie bóstw lub monarchów, a idea „zmartwychwstania” jako odrodzenia dotyczyła wyłącznie corocznego odrodzenia przyrody, które zgodnie z wierzeniami zawdzięczano działaniu bóstw płodności.
Tooth Abnormalities and Occlusal Disorders in Individuals with Frontonasal Dysplasia
Authors: Dainezi Vanessa Benetello , Das Neves Lucimara Teixeira , Da Silva Dalben Gisele , Gomide Marcia Ribeiro 
Published: February 2016

Objective Frontonasal dysplasia is a rare developmental defect of the midface, and little is known about the dental involvement in individuals with this condition. This study investigated tooth abnormalities and occlusal disorders in individuals with frontonasal dysplasia. Design Cross-sectional. Setting Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil. Interventions Clinical oral examination, analysis of patient records, and panoramic radiographs. Participants A total of 20 individuals with frontonasal dysplasia aged 7 to 17 years. Main Outcome Measures Prevalence of the several tooth abnormalities and occlusal disorders analyzed. Results A total of 19 individuals presented at least one tooth abnormality, with highly variable findings. In radiographs, 20% of individuals (all presenting oral clefts) presented agenesis of lateral incisors and second premolars. No supernumerary teeth were observed; 65% of individuals exhibited occlusal alterations, especially anterior open bite in the two individuals with median cleft lip. Conclusions Variable clinical and radiographic alterations were observed, probably due to the large variety of phenotypic characteristics. No specific dental alteration could be related with frontonasal dysplasia.
Patient and caregiver perceptions of a pre-filled diluent syringe (MixPro®)
Authors: Munn James , Khair Kate , Scott Andrew , Shoemark Robyn , Spires Julia , Jensen Morten Lind , Wirz Reto 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Prophylactic coagulation factor replacement is increasingly the treatment modality of choice for people with haemophilia (PWH). Currently available recombinant factor products require reconstitution from a lyophilised powder and diluent, and a range of infusion systems is available to assist in this process. This study aimed to understand the properties of a reconstitution/infusion system that are most important to PWH and carers of children with haemophilia (CWH), and to assess two available systems produced by Novo Nordisk for the reconstitution and infusion of activated recombinant factor VII and recombinant factor VIII: the original infusion system and the newer MixPro® system. Both were tested by a group of 67 PWH or carers of CWH who were naïve to them. Participants rated the performance of each system against 18 predefined parameters using the 7-point Likert scale, and ranked the importance of these parameters to the design of an infusion system. They also directly compared the performance of the two systems and provided qualitative feedback. Overall, MixPro® was preferred to the original system by 94% of study participants. This was reflected in the performance scores for individual parameters, with scores in 16/18 parameters being significantly higher for MixPro® (p<0.05) than the original system. Low contamination risk was seen as the most important criterion in the design and choice of an infusion system, with 97% regarding MixPro® as the superior system in this category. The MixPro® system was perceived as being quick, easy to use, convenient and portable. It is hoped that these findings may help guide the future design of infusion systems for PWH.
Assessing The Impact Of Medical Malpractice Awards, Tort Reform, And Investment Returns Upon Medical Malpractice Insurance Premiums
Authors: Smith William J. , Celis Tania A. , Bird Bruce M. 
Published: February 2016

<p>For most doctors, obtaining medical malpractice insurance coverage each year represents a significant expense. During the past three decades, researchers have developed several competing theories to explain changes in the cost of obtaining medical malpractice insurance in the United States. This article focuses on the relationship, on a nationwide basis, between medical malpractice awards, the presence of tort reform, investment returns by insurers, and the impact of each upon the cost of obtaining medical malpractice insurance. The results of a multivariate equation are then used to analyze the relative impacts of these competing theories.</p>
Menggagas Agama Baru di Era Postmodernisme
Authors: Zain Muhammad 
Published: February 2016

When man has come to the highest level of achievement of the use of ratio, well known as postmodern era, religion is still believed to be the solution of humanistic problems. Even in the ultimate level of the use of ratio, religion becomes an expectation. This expectation will never be a reality unless religion can play its part in our every day life.
Religion nowadays is understood formally, partially and exclusively. This makes it hard for the religion to cope with the ongoing problems encountered by human beings. To make thing worse, this understanding even can lead to a more severe condition where religion is blamed to be the cause of some social chaos, riots, violence, oppression and injustice.
Therefore, to make the dream comes true, religion should be able to play its role universally, as the characteristics of its values. Moreover, if it is believed that a religion comes from the Al-Mighty God, the God of all universes, the values and teachings of the religion are values that go into effects to the whole humankind.
Validación del instrumento: “Calidad de vida en el trabajo “CVT-GOHISALO”en enfermería del primer nivel de atención
Authors: Peñarrieta-de Córdova I , Santiago-Abregú S , Krederdt-Araujo S , Guevara- Morote G , Carhuapoma-Acosta M , Chavez-Flores E 
Published: February 2016

El estudio se orientó a validar en el contexto peruano, el instrumento Calidad de Vida en el Trabajo CVT-GOHISALO en enfermeras que laboran en el primer nivel de atención del Ministerio de salud. Estudio transversal descriptivo, se realizó en 81 enfermeros(as), que laboran en el servicio de salud del primer nivel de atención. Los resultados muestran una confiabilidad de alpha de Cronbach de 0.9 para los resultados totales y para cada dimensión, así como una correlación intraclase de 0,9. Los resultados del instrumento CVT, muestran que la calidad de vida del profesional de enfermería en el primer nivel de atención está por debajo de los parámetros de satisfacción (T≤ 40), indicando una vulnerabilidad al riesgo de desequilibrio en la calidad de vida en el trabajo. Se sugiere continuar con el proceso de validación en poblaciones similares, así como utilizar la información generada por el presente instrumento a fines de mejorar la calidad de vida del trabajo del profesional de enfermería.
Perfil de los adolescentes frente al consumo de tabaco de un colegio nacional del distrito de Puente Piedra 2012.
Authors: Durand-Aramburú Rocío , Escate-Ruiz Lourdes , Salvatierra–Goñe Edith , Cortez-Cuaresma Gloria 
Published: February 2016

Objetivos: determinar el perfil de los adolescentes frente al consumo de tabaco del nivel secundaria del colegio nacional Fe y Alegría N° 12 del distrito de Puente Piedra. Material y métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, con una población de 424 alumnos de secundaria. Tras obtener el consentimiento firmado por los padres de familia aceptando la participación de sus hijos, se empleó como instrumento “Encuesta Global sobre el Uso del Tabaco entre la Juventud Peruana” elaborado y validado por la OMS, conformada por 14 preguntas, anónimo y auto aplicada. Resultados: se encontró que el 41,5% de los adolescentes ha experimentado con tabaco aunque sea uno o dos piteadas. La edad de inicio del consumo con mayor prevalencia es de 12 – 13 años. El 10,14% de los encuestados fumó 1 ó 2 días en los últimos 30 días y el 9,20% refiere fumar 1 cigarrillo diario, teniendo como el lugar más frecuente de consumo a los eventos sociales (10,38%). El 13,44% de los encuestados consigue cigarrillos en una tienda, el 16,5% de los encuestados indica que su edad no fue impedimento para comprar cigarrillos, pero el 1,42% refiere que una persona mayor se los facilita. De los adolescentes encuestados 1.40% fuma más cuando bebe alcohol o usa otras drogas y el 4,01% refiere sentir ganas de fumar apenas se despierta por la mañana. Conclusiones: existe un alto porcentaje de adolescentes que consumen tabaco, se debe mejorar la información sobre tabaco y salud en los colegios utilizando los medios de comunicación.
Capacidade de Absorção do Conhecimento e a Comunicação com o Ambiente Externo: Uma Análise em Empresas de Palmas/TO
Authors: Nunes Suzana Gilioli 
Published: February 2016

O objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi avaliar a capacidade de absorção do conhecimento organizacional, tendo como uma das suas dimensões a comunicação com o ambiente externo. Foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa de caráter quantitativo com cem empresas pertencentes aos setores de comércio e de serviços, localizadas na cidade de Palmas, TO. O questionário aplicado envolveu a utilização de uma escala da capacidade de absorção do conhecimento, desenvolvida por Matusik e Heeley (2005). Os autores avaliam que a capacidade de absorção é composta de múltiplas dimensões: 1) relação da empresa com seu ambiente externo, 2) a estrutura, as rotinas de conhecimentos, e o grupo principal de criação de valor e, 3) absorção de habilidades individuais. Os resultados demonstraram que as empresas pesquisadas possuíam alto grau de predominância de relacionamento com o ambiente.
A QUANTITATIVE TEST OF THE NO-HAIR THEOREM WITH Sgr A* USING STARS, PULSARS, AND THE EVENT HORIZON TELESCOPE
Authors: Psaltis Dimitrios , Wex Norbert , Kramer Michael 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
The black hole in the center of the Milky Way, Sgr A*, has the largest mass-to-distance ratio among all known black holes in the universe. This property makes Sgr A* the optimal target for testing the gravitational no-hair theorem. In the near future, major developments in instrumentation will provide the tools for high-precision studies of its spacetime via observations of relativistic effects in stellar orbits, in the timing of pulsars, and in horizon-scale images of its accretion flow. We explore here the prospect of measuring the properties of the black hole spacetime using all of these three types of observations. We show that the correlated uncertainties in the measurements of the black hole spin and quadrupole moment using the orbits of stars and pulsars are nearly orthogonal to those obtained from measuring the shape and size of the shadow the black hole casts on the surrounding emission. Combining these three types of observations will therefore allow us to assess and quantify systematic biases and uncertainties in each measurement and lead to a highly accurate, quantitative test of the gravitational no-hair theorem.
Les deux mères
Authors: Kessaci Lyasmine 
Published: February 2016

La prise en compte de la « figure de la mère » conduit la psychanalyse à reconnaître que celle-ci n’est pas univoque. Elle présente au moins deux faces, que Freud tenta de séparer à l’occasion, et que Lacan prit soin de bien distinguer, cette dualité permettant de saisir en définitive quelle menace recèlent tant l’amour de la mère que le désir qu’elle manifeste vis-à-vis de son enfant. Désir et amour dont nous montrons ici l’ambivalence radicale et la dangerosité grâce au syndrome de « Münchhausen par procuration » et à l’éclairage qu’il apporte au ravage que peut produire une mère.