bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Efficient Nondoped Near‐Ultraviolet Electroluminescence with an External Quantum Efficiency Greater Than 6.5% Based on a Carbazole–Triazole Hybrid Molecule with High and Balanced Charge Mobility
Authors: Xue Shanfeng , Qiu Xu , Ying Shian , Lu Yuansheng , Pan Yuyu , Sun Qikun , Gu Cheng , Yang Wenjun 
Published: August 2017

AbstractLow charge injection and unbalanced carrier transport are unfavorable factors for highly efficient near‐ultraviolet (NUV) electroluminescence (EL) emitters. The construction of weak donor‐ and acceptor‐containing fluorophores has been utilized as a common solution to these issues. Few fluorescent emitters simultaneously exhibiting NUV emission and high/balanced charge‐transport properties have been reported. Herein, a new 1D donor–π–acceptor molecule 9‐(4′‐(4,5‐diphenyl‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐yl)‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4‐yl)‐9H‐carbazole named PCZTZ consisting of 9‐phenylcarbazole as a donor and 2,3,4‐triphenyl‐1,2,4‐triazole as an acceptor with a biphenyl π‐bridge is constructed. The backbone‐twisted PCZTZ exhibits not only strong solid‐state NUV fluorescence but also high and balanced hole and electron mobilities (both up to 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1), benefiting from the 3D supramolecular H‐bonding network containing strong CH⋯N interactions. Remarkably, a fabricated nondoped light‐emitting diode (OLED) emits 408 nm bright NUV light with a maximal external quantum efficiency of 6.57% and Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinates of (0.17, 0.07). Thus, this OLED is the most efficient NUV OLED reported thus far. These results provide a valuable strategy for the design of highly efficient NUV EL emitters by modulating the linking positions of carbazole and triazole on a biphenyl bridge.
Critical Appraisal of Emergency Medicine Educational Research: The Best Publications of 2015
Authors: Heitz Corey R. , Coates Wendy , Farrell Susan E. , Fisher Jonathan , Juve Amy Miller , Yarris Lalena M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe objectives were to critically appraise the medical education research literature of 2015 and review the highest‐quality quantitative and qualitative examples.MethodsA total of 434 emergency medicine (EM)‐related articles were discovered upon a search of ERIC, PsychINFO, PubMED, and SCOPUS. These were both quantitative and qualitative in nature. All were screened by two of the authors using previously published exclusion criteria, and the remaining were appraised by all authors using a previously published scoring system. The highest scoring articles were then reviewed.ResultsSixty‐one manuscripts were scored, and 10 quantitative and two qualitative papers were the highest scoring and are reviewed and summarized in this article.ConclusionsThis installment in this critical appraisal series reviews 12 of the highest‐quality EM‐related medical education research manuscripts published in 2015.
Dynamic thiol disulphide homeostasis in operating theater personnel exposed to anesthetic gases
Authors: Kozanhan Betul , Inanlı Ikbal , Deniz Cigdem Damla , Iyisoy Mehmet Sinan , Neselioğlu Salim , Sahin Osman , Akin Fatma , Tutar Mahmut Sami , Eren Ibrahim , Erel Ozcan 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate the association between dynamic thiol/disulphide homeostasis and occupational exposure to volatile anesthetic gases in operating theater personnel. Decreased blood thiol levels and raised blood disulphide levels serve as biomarkers of oxidative stress.MethodsWe included 65 subjects occupationally exposed and 55 unexposed healthy medical professionals into the study. A novel method enabled separate measurements of components involved in dynamic thiol/disulphide homeostasis (native thiol, disulphide, and total thiol). To control for the potential confounding effect on oxidative stress of psychological symptoms potentially caused by occupational stress, we used scores obtained from four different anxiety and depression inventories.ResultsMean ± standard deviation native thiol was found to be 433.35 ± 30.68 in the exposed group, lower than among controls, 446.61 ± 27.8 (P = 0.02). Disulphide in the exposed group was 15.78 ± 5.12, higher than among controls, 12.14 ± 5.33 (P < 0.001). After adjusting for anxiety and depression scores, age and gender, native thiol remained lower and disulphide higher in the exposed group (P = 0.008 and P < 0.001).ConclusionDynamic thiol/disulphide homeostasis in workers exposed to anesthetic gases was found to be disturbed after adjusting for the possible contribution of anxiety. We infer that this is due to the oxidative effect of exposure to anesthetic gases.
Fetal growth and premature delivery in pregnant women on antiepileptic drugs
Authors: Hernández‐Díaz Sonia , McElrath Thomas F. , Pennell Page B. , Hauser W. Allen , Yerby Mark , Holmes Lewis B. ,   for the North American Antiepileptic Drug Pregnancy Registry
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of epilepsy and antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) used during pregnancy on fetal growth and preterm delivery.MethodsThis study included singleton liveborn infants born to women enrolled in the North American Antiepileptic Drug Pregnancy Registry between 1997 and 2016. Data were collected prospectively through telephone interviews. The prevalence of preterm birth (<37 weeks) and small for gestational age status (SGA) among infants exposed prenatally to AEDs when used by women with epilepsy (WWE) or women without epilepsy (WWOE) was compared with that among infants unexposed to AEDs and born to WWOE. Multivariate log‐binomial regression models were used to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsThe study population included infants born to 6,777 AED‐WWE, 696 AED‐WWOE, and 486 no‐AED‐WWOE. The risk of prematurity was 6.2% for no‐AED‐WWOE, 9.3% for AED‐WWE (RR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.0–2.1), and 10.5% for AED‐WWOE (RR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.0–2.4). Prenatal exposure to AEDs in WWE and WWOE was associated with a mean lower birth weight of 110 and 136g, respectively, as compared to no‐AED‐WWOE. The prevalence of SGA was 5.0% for no‐AED‐WWOE, 10.9% for AED‐WWE (RR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.3–3.0), and 11.0% for AED‐WWOE (RR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.2–2.9). Within users of AEDs in monotherapy, the prevalence of SGA ranged from 7.3% for lamotrigine to 18.5% for topiramate.InterpretationWomen on AEDs during pregnancy, whether for epilepsy or for other neuropsychiatric indications, are at a higher risk of delivering prematurely and giving birth to SGA newborns. The risk may vary by drug. Ann Neurol 2017;82:457–465
Synergistic Effects between Atomically Dispersed Fe−N−C and C−S−C for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Acidic Media
Authors: Shen Hangjia , Gracia‐Espino Eduardo , Ma Jingyuan , Zang Ketao , Luo Jun , Wang Le , Gao Sanshuang , Mamat Xamxikamar , Hu Guangzhi , Wagberg Thomas , Guo Shaojun 
Published: August 2017

AbstractVarious advanced catalysts based on sulfur‐doped Fe/N/C materials have recently been designed for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR); however, the enhanced activity is still controversial and usually attributed to differences in the surface area, improved conductivity, or uncertain synergistic effects. Herein, a sulfur‐doped Fe/N/C catalyst (denoted as Fe/SNC) was obtained by a template‐sacrificing method. The incorporated sulfur gives a thiophene‐like structure (C−S−C), reduces the electron localization around the Fe centers, improves the interaction with oxygenated species, and therefore facilitates the complete 4 e− ORR in acidic solution. Owing to these synergistic effects, the Fe/SNC catalyst exhibits much better ORR activity than the sulfur‐free variant (Fe/NC) in 0.5 m H2SO4.
Buchwald–Hartwig Amination of Nitroarenes
Authors: Inoue Fumiyoshi , Kashihara Myuto , Yadav M. Ramu , Nakao Yoshiaki 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe Buchwald–Hartwig amination of nitroarenes was achieved for the first time by using palladium catalysts bearing dialkyl(biaryl)phosphine ligands. These cross‐coupling reactions of nitroarenes with diarylamines, arylamines, and alkylamines afforded the corresponding substituted arylamines. A catalytic cycle involving the oxidative addition of the Ar−NO2 bond to palladium(0) followed by nitrite/amine exchange is proposed based on a stoichiometric reaction.
Flexible Viologen‐Based Porous Framework Showing X‐ray Induced Photochromism with Single‐Crystal‐to‐Single‐Crystal Transformation
Authors: Chen Cheng , Sun Jian‐Ke , Zhang Ya‐Jun , Yang Xiao‐Dong , Zhang Jie 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA viologen‐based Borromean entangled porous framework was found to be sensitive to both CuKα and MoKα X‐ray sources, showing rapid photochromic response and recovery within one minute. The X‐ray‐induced photochromic process is accompanied by a reversible single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal (SC‐SC) structural transformation, an unprecedented phenomenon for X‐ray sensitive materials. The complex can be further processed into portable thin films for detecting the dose of the X‐ray exposure. Moreover, the photochromism can occur over a broad temperature range of 100–333 K, both in the form of single crystals and thin films, making it a potential candidate for practical indoor and outdoor applications.
CIT‐9: A Fault‐Free Gmelinite Zeolite
Authors: Dusselier Michiel , Kang Jong Hun , Xie Dan , Davis Mark E. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA synthetic, fault‐free gmelinite (GME) zeolite is prepared using a specific organic structure‐directing agent (OSDA), cis‐3,5‐dimethylpiperidinium. The cis‐isomers align in the main 12‐membered ring (MR) channel of GME. Trans‐isomer OSDA leads to the small‐pore zeolite SSZ‐39 with the OSDA in its cages. Data from N2‐physisorption and rotation electron diffraction provide evidence for the openness of the 12 MR channel in the GME 12×8×8 pore architecture and the absence of stacking faults, respectively. CIT‐9 is hydrothermally stable when K+‐exchanged, while in the absence of exchange, the material transforms into an aluminous AFI‐zeolite. The process of this phase‐change was followed by in situ variable temperature powder X‐ray diffraction. CIT‐9 has the highest Si/Al ratio reported for GME, and along with its good porosity, opens the possibility of using GME in a variety of applications including catalysis.
The Rolling‐Up of Oligophenylenes to Nanographenes by a HF‐Zipping Approach
Authors: Steiner Ann‐Kristin , Amsharov Konstantin Y. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIntramolecular aryl–aryl coupling is the key transformation in the rational synthesis of nanographenes and nanoribbons. In this respect the C−F bond activation was shown to be a versatile alternative enabling the synthesis of several unique carbon‐based nanostructures. Herein we describe an unprecedentedly challenging transformation showing that the C−F bond activation by aluminum oxide allows highly effective domino‐like C−C bond formation. Despite the flexible nature of oligophenylene‐based precursors efficient regioselective zipping to the target nanostructures was achieved. We show that fluorine positions in the precursor structure unambiguously dictate the “running of the zipping‐program” which results in rolling‐up of linear oligophenylene chains around phenyl moieties yielding target nanographenes. The high efficiency of zipping makes this approach attractive for the synthesis of unsubstituted nanographenes which are difficult to obtain in pure form by other methods.
Bioinspired Total Synthesis of (−)‐Vescalin: A Nonahydroxytriphenoylated C‐Glucosidic Ellagitannin
Authors: Richieu Antoine , Peixoto Philippe A. , Pouységu Laurent , Deffieux Denis , Quideau Stéphane 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe first total synthesis of the 2,3,5‐O‐(S,R)‐nonahydroxytriphenoylated (NHTP) C‐glucosidic ellagitannin (−)‐vescalin was accomplished through a series of transformations mimicking the sequence of events leading to its biogenesis. The key steps of this synthesis encompass a Wittig‐mediated ring opening of a glucopyranosic hemiacetal, a C‐glucosidation event through a phenolic aldol‐type reaction, and a Wynberg–Feringa–Yamada‐type oxidative phenolic coupling, which forged the NHTP unit of (−)‐vescalin.
Generalized Extended State Observer Based Control for Networked Interconnected Systems with Delays
Authors: Wang Yao‐Wei , Zhang Wen‐An , Dong Hui , Zhu Jun‐Wei 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the generalized extended state observer based control for a class of networked interconnected systems with short time‐varying delays. First, the uncertainties induced by the delays are modeled as an additive bounded disturbance. Then, a novel state feedback stabilizing controller is designed based on generalized extended state observers (GESOs). The GESO is used to estimate the system state and the disturbance simultaneously, and the effect of the uncertainty induced by the delay is eliminated by the GESO based controller. Finally, an illustrative example is provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Backstepping and Sliding‐Mode Techniques Applied to Distributed Secondary Control of Islanded Microgrids
Authors: Li Jian , Zhang Dezhen 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this paper, secondary voltage control scheme for a droop‐controlled inverter‐based islanded microgrid is addressed. Motivated by the cooperative control theory of multi‐agent systems, the proposed secondary voltage control is a distributed scheme which uses a simple communication network. Two nonlinear control algorithms are applied to restore the voltage of each distribution generation (DG) to the reference value. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed secondary voltage control for a prototype microgrid system.
Energetics of wave propagation leading to frost events in South America: extratropical latitudes
Authors: Müller Gabriela V. , Gan Manoel Alonso , Dal Piva Everson 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe dynamics of wave propagation and energy associated with frosts in extratropical versus tropical South American latitudes is studied. A double wave train propagates through the southern hemisphere following the polar and subtropical jets. If, in the previous day, both trains coincide in phase over the southeast Pacific (southwest Atlantic) Oceans, it will contribute to generate generalized frosts (strong frosts) at extratropical (tropical) latitudes, not affecting tropical (extratropical) latitudes given the wave train zonal propagation. The vertically averaged eddy kinetic energy composites show three maxima associated with those trains over the South Pacific Ocean and South American region.
The financial feasibility of microalgae biodiesel in an integrated, multi‐output production system
Authors: Doshi Amar , Pascoe Sean , Coglan Louisa , Rainey Thomas 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe stagnant development of microalgae‐based industries suggests a need for a broader assessment of its commercial potential, particularly given its ability to utilize industrial waste effluents in cultivation and produce multiple outputs from the biomass, including an environmentally superior biofuel. This study assessed the financial feasibility of producing microalgae biodiesel from transesterification, together with feed and fertilizer in a multi‐output production system, integrated with a complementary waste‐producing industry. The multi‐output system allowed for the price of biodiesel to be sold at the competitive market price of US$1.50/L rather than US$24.18/L, if it were produced as the only primary output. The high‐value feed and fertilizer offset the low revenues of biodiesel to ensure the financial feasibility of the production system. Sensitivity analyses of these estimates indicated where improvements could further increase the financial appeal of this multi‐output microalgae production system. In particular, a 20% improvement in the cost‐efficiency of lipid extraction and transesterification processes was found to have a 17‐fold increase in the net present value. The results suggest that multi‐output systems have several benefits for the potential of a microalgae‐based industry, namely the synergistic benefits of integrating microalgae production with complementary industries and the investment appeal of microalgae‐based biofuels that can be priced competitively while still being financial feasible. Although alternative conversion processes (e.g. fermentation and thermochemical routes) would be key to the increased cost‐efficiency of biofuel production, the development of integrated multi‐output microalgae industries could prompt private and more importantly, policy‐led investment in development of the industry. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Improving the Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction Activity of Manganese Oxide Nanosheets with Sulfurization‐Induced Nanopores
Authors: Zhang Tianran , Ge Xiaoming , Zhang Zhao , Tham Nguk Neng , Liu Zhaolin , Fisher Adrian , Lee Jim Yang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractLow‐cost and high‐activity electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are necessary for the development of fuel cells and metal‐air batteries. Manganese oxide would be a good candidate because of its low cost, abundant supply, and environmental benignity if not for its relatively low activity compared with noble metals. To improve the ORR activity of manganese oxide, we developed a sulfurization process to create pores in 2 D manganese oxide nanosheets. The nanoporous MnO2 nanosheets (np‐MnO2‐ns) prepared as such contain 7 nm pores in the nanosheets and their half‐wave potential (0.73 V) is 40 mV more positive than that of pore‐free MnO2 nanosheets (0.69 V). The higher ORR activity of np‐MnO2‐ns may be attributed to the combination of a large surface area and the presence of high‐ORR‐activity Mn3+/4+ sites. The np‐MnO2‐ns also showed an enhanced oxygen evolution reaction activity and delivered a good performance in rechargeable Zn‐air batteries.
Chain‐Breaking Phenolic 2,3‐Dihydrobenzo[b]selenophene Antioxidants: Proximity Effects and Regeneration Studies
Authors: Singh Vijay P. , Yan Jiajie , Poon Jia‐Fei , Gates Paul J. , Butcher Ray J. , Engman Lars 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPhenolic 2,3‐dihydrobenzo[b]selenophene antioxidants bearing an OH‐group ortho (9), meta (10, 11) and para (8) to the Se were prepared by seleno‐Claisen rearrangement/intramolecular hydroselenation. meta‐Isomer (11) was studied by X‐ray crystallography. The radical‐trapping activity and regenerability of compounds 8–11 were evaluated using a two‐phase system in which linoleic acid was undergoing peroxidation in the lipid phase while regeneration of the antioxidant by co‐antioxidants (N‐acetylcysteine, glutathione, dithiothreitol, ascorbic acid, tris(carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride) was ongoing in the aqueous layer. Compound 9 quenched peroxyl radicals more efficiently than α‐tocopherol. It also provided the most long‐lasting antioxidant protection. With thiol co‐antioxidants it could inhibit peroxidation for more than five‐fold longer than the natural product. Regeneration was more efficient when the aqueous phase pH was slightly acidic. Since calculated O−H bond dissociation energies for 8–11 were substantially larger than for α‐tocopherol, an antioxidant mechanism involving O‐atom transfer from peroxyl to selenium was proposed. The resulting phenolic selenoxide/alkoxyl radical would then exchange a hydrogen atom in a solvent cage before antioxidant regeneration at the aqueous lipid interphase.
Subtle Steric Differences Impact the Structural and Conducting Properties of Radical Gold Bis(dithiolene) Complexes
Authors: Filatre‐Furcate Agathe , Roisnel Thierry , Fourmigué Marc , Jeannin Olivier , Bellec Nathalie , Auban‐Senzier Pascale , Lorcy Dominique 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAmong single component molecular conductors, neutral radical gold dithiolene complexes [(R‐thiazdt)2Au]. derived from the N‐alkyl‐1,3‐thiazoline‐2‐thione‐4,5‐dithiolate (R‐thiazdt) ligand provide an extensive series of conducting, non‐dimerized, half‐filled band systems. Analogues of the known R=isopropyl (iPr) derivative were investigated here with R=NMe2, cyclopropyl (cPr) and n‐propyl (nPr), aiming at rationalizing the different solid state structures adopted by these compounds despite very closely related substituents on the heterocyclic nitrogen atom. An original crisscross organization within dimerized chains is observed with R=NMe2, differing however from the analogous iPr derivative by a 180° rotation of the heterocyclic nitrogen substituent. On the other hand, the cyclopropyl and n‐propyl substituents lead to robust, uniform, non‐dimerized chains with a strongly 1 D electronic structure and a formal half‐filled electronic structure. The semiconducting behaviour of these two radical complexes is characteristic of a Mott insulator, whose sensitivity to external pressure has been evaluated up to 2.5 GPa.
Single‐Scan 13C Diffusion‐Ordered NMR Spectroscopy of DNP‐Hyperpolarised Substrates
Authors: Guduff Ludmilla , Kurzbach Dennis , van Heijenoort Carine , Abergel Daniel , Dumez Jean‐Nicolas 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDiffusion‐ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY) is a powerful approach for the analysis of molecular mixtures, yet its application range is limited by the relatively low sensitivity of NMR. We show here that spectrally resolved 13C DOSY data can be collected, in a single scan, for substrates hyperpolarised by dissolution dynamic nuclear polarisation (D‐DNP), which provides signal enhancements of several orders of magnitude. For this we use a convection‐compensation pulse scheme, which we also analyse by numerical simulation. The proposed method further allows the acquisition of several consecutive DOSY spectra in a single D‐DNP experiment.
Ethanol:water blends separation using ultrafiltration membranes of poly(acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid) partial sodium salt and polyacrylamide
Authors: Espinoza‐Gomez Heriberto , Saucedo‐Castillo Eduardo , Flores‐López Lucía Z. , Rogel‐Hernandez Eduardo , Martínez Manuel , Wakida Fernando T. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this work, poly(acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid) partial sodium salt (P(AAM‐co‐AA)Na), and polyacrylamide (PAAM) membranes were synthesized for separation of ethanol:water blends. The membrane characteristics were evaluated to determine their ability to separate mixtures of ethanol:water and get dehydrate ethanol (95 %). Synthesized membranes showed higher selectivity to ethanol compared to existing polymeric membranes. The ethanol:water blends had an ethanol concentration of 0.10 to 0.70 L/L. The results showed that a mixture of ethanol:water (75:25 L/L) can be concentrated up to 95 % ethanol. The membranes’ stability were studied in absolute ethanol and ethanol:water blend (30:70 L/L) for a period of 30 days of permanent exposure. The membrane deterioration is due to the chemical modification of the membrane active surface layer. It was found that the membranes have a high selectivity (350 times higher) compared to existing membranes, and the substantial and flow of water was 12.15 kg · m−2 · h−1.