bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinct Role of GRK3 in Platelet Activation by Desensitization of G Protein-Coupled Receptors
Authors: Chaudhary Preeti K. , Kim Sanggu , Kunapuli Satya P. , Kim Soochong 
Published: October 2024

Background Many platelet agonists mediate their cellular effects through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to induce platelet activation, and GPCR kinases (GRKs) have been demonstrated to have crucial roles in most GPCR functions in other cell types. Here, we investigated the functional role of GRK3 and the molecular basis for the regulation of GPCR desensitization by GRK3 in platelets.
Methods We used mice lacking GRK3 as well as β-arrestin2, which has been shown to be important in GPCR function in platelets.
Results Platelet aggregation and dense granule secretion induced by 2-MeSADP, U46619, thrombin, and AYPGKF were significantly potentiated in both GRK3 −/− and β-arrestin2 −/− platelets compared with wild-type (WT) platelets, whereas non-GPCR agonist collagen-induced platelet aggregation and secretion were not affected. We have previously shown that GRK6 is not involved in the regulation of Gq-coupled 5HT2A and Gz-coupled α2A adrenergic receptors. Interestingly, in contrast to GRK6, platelet aggregation induced by costimulation of serotonin and epinephrine, which activate 5-HT2A and α2A adrenergic receptors, respectively, was significantly potentiated in GRK3 −/− platelets, suggesting that GRK3 is involved in general GPCR regulation. In addition, platelet aggregation in response to the second challenge of adenosine diphosphate was restored in GRK3 −/− platelets, whereas restimulation of the agonist failed to induce aggregation in WT platelets, confirming that GRK3 contributes to general GPCR desensitization. Furthermore, 2-MeSADP- and AYPGKF-induced AKT and ERK phosphorylation were significantly potentiated in GRK3 −/− platelets. Finally, GRK3 −/− mice showed shorter tail bleeding times compared with WT, indicating that GRK3 −/− mice is more susceptible to hemostasis.
Conclusion GRK3 plays a crucial role in the regulation of platelet activation through general GPCR desensitization in platelets.
Enteroscopy-assisted ERCP in patients with surgically altered anatomy: Multicenter prospective registry (SAMISEN-B) using motorized spiral enteroscopy
Authors: Moreels Tom G , Aabakken Lars , Arvanitakis Marianna , Knabe Mate , Beyna Torsten 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background and study aims This was a prospective study of efficacy and safety of motorized spiral enteroscopy (MSE) to perform biliary endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in patients with surgically altered anatomy at five European centers.
Patients and methods Consecutive patients with biliary indications for enteroscopy-assisted ERCP were enrolled. Objectives were technical success, adverse event (AE) rate, and patient radiation exposure.
Results Eighty-nine patients were enrolled and one was excluded for a pancreatic indication. All participants had variations of Billroth II reconstruction (29.5%) or Roux-en-Y reconstruction (70.5%), either with naive papilla (39%) or hepaticojejunostomy (61%). Main indications were anastomotic stricture treatment and/or biliary stone removal. Enteroscopy to reach the bile duct was possible in 65 of 88 patients (74%), bile duct cannulation in 54 of 88 (61%), and therapeutic ERCP was technically successful in 48 of 88 (54%). In Billroth II variations, technical success was achieved in 13 of 26 patients (50%) compared with 35 of 62 (57%, P = 0.5792 Chi square) in Roux-en-Y reconstructions (including bariatric gastric bypass). ERCP with intact papilla was successful in 17 of 34 patients (50%) compared with 31 of 54 (57%, P = 0.4968 Chi square) in hepaticojejunostomy. The study was prematurely terminated July 2023 because MSE was withdrawn by the manufacturer for safety issues. Overall, in 12 of 88 patients (14%), AEs were recorded and six (7%) were considered serious. Only one serious AE was attributable to MSE enteroscopy: perforation of the proximal esophagus during enteroscope insertion.
Conclusions This prospective multicenter study was prematurely discontinued due to withdrawal of the MSE by the manufacturer because of safety issues. Technical success of MSE-assisted biliary ERCP in different types of surgically altered anatomy was 54%, which was lower than anticipated. There was one esophageal perforation attributable to use of MSE. (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT05129449)
Advances in Small-Molecule C-KIT/PDGFRα Inhibitors for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
Authors: Zheng Xuan , Liang Hong , Zhou Yang , Lu Xiaoyun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractStem cell factor receptor (C-KIT) or platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα) gene mutations have been identified as oncogenic drivers for most gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Thus, small-molecule inhibitors of C-KIT or PDGFRα have emerged as effective treatments for GISTs. Although the currently approved first- to fourth-line drugs are initially effective against GISTs, the inevitable development of drug resistance remains an unmet challenge. To address secondary mutations leading to drug resistance, several novel selective C-KIT/PDGFRα small-molecule inhibitors have been developed and clinically studied. This review summarizes the pathogenesis, treatment, and drug resistance mechanisms of GISTs and briefly describes current challenges and future efforts for GIST treatment using small-molecule kinase inhibitors.
Immune-Mediated Neuropathies: Top 10 Clinical Pearls
Authors: Monohan Elizabeth M. , Brannagan Thomas H. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractImmune-mediated neuropathies encompass a range of neurological disorders, including chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, Guillain–Barré syndrome, multifocal motor neuropathy, autoimmune autonomic neuropathies, and paranodal nodopathies. Recognizing clinical patterns is key to narrowing the broad range of differential diagnoses in immune-mediated neuropathies. Electrodiagnostic testing is a useful tool to support the diagnosis of immune-mediated neuropathies. Our understanding of autoimmune demyelinating neuropathies is rapidly advancing, particularly with the discovery of nodal and paranodal antibodies. Recent advances in neuropathy treatment include the utilization of neonatal Fc receptors to reduce antibody recycling, and the development of complement inhibitors to reduce inflammatory damage, offering promising new therapeutic avenues. Timely identification of immune-mediated neuropathies is imperative as delay in diagnosis and treatment may lead to irreversible disability.
Venous Thromboembolism after Hospital Discharge: Temporal Trends in Baseline Characteristics, Prevention, Treatment, and 90-day Outcomes
Authors: Brenner Benjamin , Tzoran Inna , Bikdeli Behnood , Valle Reina , Poenou Géraldine , Tirado-Miranda Raimundo , Pesce María L. , Pagán-Escribano Javier , Giorgi-Pierfranceschi Matteo , Monreal Manuel ,   the RIETE Investigators
Published: October 2024

AbstractVenous thromboembolism (VTE) after hospital discharge poses a serious health risk. Assessments of patient characteristics, prophylaxis, treatment, outcomes, and over time changes lack consistency. Data on 16,901 hospitalized patients in the Registro Informatizado Enfermedad TromboEmbolica registry (2003–2022) were analyzed to evaluate trends in baseline characteristics, prophylaxis, treatments, and 90-day outcomes among medical (6,218) and surgical (10,683) patient cohorts. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the risks of the composite of fatal pulmonary embolism (PE) or recurrent VTE and major bleeding. The proportion of patients who presented with PE increased among medical (from 54 to 72%) and surgical patients (from 55 to 58%). Prophylaxis use increased in medical patients (from 53 to 71%), while decreasing in surgical patients (from 67 to 58%). Notably, the 90-day composite of fatal PE or recurrent VTE decreased in medical (from 3.9 to 1.8%) and surgical patients (from 2.9 to 1.2%; p < 0.001 for both). Conversely, major bleeding increased (3.1 to 4.5%) in medical patients (p = 0.008), with no change in surgical patients (from 2.5 to 2.4%). Risk-adjusted analysis showed a yearly decrease in the risk for the composite outcome (subhazard ratio [sHR]: 0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.93–0.98) in medical and surgical patients and an increase in the risk for major bleeding in medical patients only (sHR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.01–1.07). Results were consistent after excluding coronavirus disease 2019 patients. Over 20 years, the composite of fatal PE or recurrent VTE within 90 days had significantly decreased in VTE patients after hospitalization for medical or surgical care. Medical patients, however, exhibited an increase in major bleeding.
Switching location—shifting mindset? The attitude towards female employment of East–West migrants in Germany
Authors: Kriechel Lisa , Muehlan Holger , Brähler Elmar , Beutel Manfred E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe strong migration of former East German residents to the western part of Germany opens a unique way to study the impact of migration modifying gender-related attitudes towards division of labor. While in West Germany more traditional gender attitudes have been prevailing for decades, the East pursued more progressive attitudes regarding the home and labor domain. However, attitudes of East-to-West migrants are mostly unknown. Thus, this article aims at providing a first analysis regarding differing attitudes between domestic migrants and non-movers. Data from the German General Social Surveys (GGSS/ALLBUS) from 1992, 2004, and 2016, including 2428, 2099, and 1486 participants, respectively, were used. Group differences between permanent residents from West Germany (West–West) and from East Germany (East–East) as well as East-to-West migrants were estimated. Pooled regressions were conducted to predict the attitudes towards female employment. East–West migrants’ respective attitudes differed from both of the other groups. However, they were more similar to the more traditional West–West group than the more progressive East–East group. Furthermore, East–West migrants who had lived longer in the West exhibited more traditional attitudes than those who had lived there <10 years. Further, the diversity of East-to-West migrants was acknowledged by observing the year of migration (before 1961, 1961–1989, after 1989) which showed that those who migrated before the erection of the Berlin Wall were more traditional. The finding that East–West migrants’ attitudes were more similar to their place of residence, while the duration of residence was positively associated with the traditional attitude towards female employment prevalent in the West, gives impetus to further research attitudes of domestic migrants. Future research should test whether a selection effect or assimilation cause East–West migrants’ attitudes to resemble their society of residence.
Consistent effects of science and scientist characteristics on public trust across political regimes
Authors: Younger-Khan Sukayna , Weidmann Nils B. , Oswald Lisa 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRecent years have seen an increased research interest in the determinants of public trust in science. While some argue that democracy should be the political regime most conducive to science, recent debates about salient scientific findings revealed considerable cracks in the public perception of science. We argue that existing cross-national work on trust in science is incomplete because it uses an aggregate concept of “science”. People in different political environments likely have different conceptions of what science is, which can have consequences for perceptions and trust. To remedy this shortcoming, we present results from a preregistered survey experiment in ten countries (N = 8441), which covers a broad spectrum of political regimes and tests how science and scientists’ characteristics influence public trust. We find that, against expectations, female scientists and scientists engaging in public activism are both perceived as more trustworthy. High-impact research is trusted more than low-impact research, and it does not matter whether a scientist is a co-national. Overall, our experiment reveals few differences across political regimes. Additional survey results show that respondents’ education and exposure to science have similar relationships with trust across autocratic and democratic countries. A striking difference we find is that while political orientation has little impact in autocratic countries, it is strongly related to trust across democracies as perceptions of science become increasingly politicized.
Playing one’s part within a medial procedure
Authors: Albert Georg 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The study at hand is part of a research project dedicated to the topic management in a political
talk show. Here, the focus is on the talk show host’s activities resulting from her role-specific tasks within the
show. The detailed analysis is dedicated to her presentations of pre-produced film clips as part of the show. Data
samples are taken from a corpus of 19 editions of the German Anne Will show. The video samples and
corresponding transcripts have been closely analysed with special regard to sequential organisation and the
concurrence of verbal and non-verbal expressions. The observed interactions reflect their medial context, which,
reciprocally, is also the result of the participants’ practices: It is only within the medial context of a political
TV discussion that film clips need to be introduced during the ongoing conversation and, at the same time, can be
utilized to moderate between distinct participant groups.
Active learning-based automated construction of Hamiltonian for structural phase transitions: a case study on BaTiO3
Authors: Dai Mian , Zhang Yixuan , Fortunato Nuno , Chen Peng , Zhang Hongbin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The effective Hamiltonians have been widely applied to simulate the phase transitions in polarizable materials, with coefficients obtained by fitting to accurate first-principles calculations. However, it is tedious to generate distorted structures with symmetry constraints, in particular when high-ordered terms are considered. In this work, we implement and apply a Bayesian optimization-based approach to sample potential energy surfaces, automating the effective Hamiltonian construction by selecting distorted structures via active learning. Taking BaTiO3 (BTO) as an example, we demonstrate that the effective Hamiltonian can be obtained using fewer than 30 distorted structures. Follow-up Monte Carlo simulations can reproduce the structural phase transition temperatures of BTO, comparable to experimental values with an error

<

10%. Our approach can be straightforwardly applied on other polarizable materials and paves the way for quantitative atomistic modelling of diffusionless phase transitions.
An improved prediction method for BDS-3 SISA parameters and the preliminary performance evaluation
Authors: Hu Guo , Cao Yueling , Chen Lei , Gao Weiguang , Chen Jianbing , Li Haojun , Zhou Shanshi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The ephemeris accuracy parameters broadcast in the ephemeris messages are commonly utilized as an alarm threshold for the signal-in-space ranging errors (SISRE) of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). Accurately predicting the orbit and clock errors of broadcast ephemeris, and converting the prediction errors into broadcast ephemeris accuracy parameters using a robust model, is important for the integrity service of GNSS. The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS-3) broadcasts four ephemeris accuracy parameters, namely

SIS

A

oe

,

SIS

A

ocb

,

SIS

A

oc1

, and

SIS

A

oc2

, to represent the standard deviations of the satellite orbit and clock prediction errors in the broadcast ephemeris. The probability that the broadcast ephemeris SISRE exceeds 4.42 times the signal-in-space accuracy (SISA) without triggering an alarm in time is expected to be less than 1 × 10−5. In addition to accurately enveloping the broadcast ephemeris SISRE, SISA should also reduce the over-envelopment margin over SISRE to accurately express the system service accuracy. Thus, an accurate prediction of orbit and clock errors in the broadcast ephemeris is crucial for calculating the SISA. An orbit and clock error prediction method based on the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network is proposed in this study. This method uses historical satellite orbit and clock errors, derived from the difference between precise and broadcast ephemeris, to train an LSTM neural network. The trained LSTM model is then used to predict the orbit and clock errors for the next 24 h. The predicted errors are used to calculate the corresponding SISA for the broadcast ephemeris. The results indicate that the 24 h accuracies of the predicted orbit and clock errors are less than 0.06 m and 0.25 m, respectively. The calculated SISA can completely envelop the actual broadcast ephemeris SISRE, achieving 100% coverage while also decreasing the over-envelopment margin by 80%. Furthermore, the horizontal protection level and vertical protection level calculated using the corresponding SISA are reduced by approximately 14%, meeting the integrity requirements set by the International Civil Aviation Organization for Approach with Vertical Guidance I. The proposed method enhances the timeliness of SISA parameter calculation and the integrity and availability of the BDS-3 service, serving as a crucial reference value for safety critical applications such as civil aviation services.
Fault identification of hydropower unit based on time–frequency feature map of vibration signals and Convrbm-ResNet
Authors: Chen Tingxi , Chen Jinbao , Zou Yidong , Liu Dong , Hu Wenqing , Zheng Yang , Xiao Zhihuai 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
To address the significant impact of the non-stationarity and nonlinearity of vibration signals on the accuracy of fault identification in hydropower units, a method for condition identification based on time–frequency characteristics of vibration signals and Convolutional Restricted Boltzmann Machines-Residual Network (ConvRBM-ResNet ) is proposed. The vibration signals are first decomposed by adopting Complementary Comprehensive Empirical Modal Decomposition to further obtain Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) at various frequencies. Then, by combining correlation analysis, the more sensitive IMF components are extracted. Furthermore, the obtained effective IMF components are converted into time–frequency feature maps, which are consequently adopted as inputs to pre-train the ConvRBM model to simplify feature representation. Finally, using the fault category as the output, a fault identification model for hydropower units is obtained by training ConvRBM-ResNet. The proposed fault identification model is validated with actual operation data of a hydropower station. The results indicate that the proposed fault identification model can accurately identify the operating status of the hydropower unit, achieving an accuracy of 98.88%, which is a 4% improvement over the non-improved method. The time cost is reasonable, and the model demonstrates strong robustness.
Growth of zinc oxide nanowires by a hot water deposition method
Authors: Saadi Nawzat S , Hassan Laylan B , Sayem S M , More Karren L , Karabacak Tansel 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Recently, various methods have been developed for synthesizing zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures, including physical and chemical vapor deposition, as well as wet chemistry. These common methods require either high temperature, high vacuum, or toxic chemicals. In this study, we report the growth of zinc oxide ZnO nanowires by a new hot water deposition (HWD) method on various types of substrates, including copper plates, foams, and meshes, as well as on indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glasses (ITO/glass). HWD is derived from the hot water treatment (HWT) method, which involves immersing piece(s) of metal and substrate(s) in hot deionized water and does not require any additives or catalysts. Metal acts as the source of metal oxide molecules that migrate in water and deposit on the substrate surface to form metal oxide nanostructures (MONSTRs). The morphological and crystallographic analyses of the source-metals and substrates revealed the presence of uniformly crystalline ZnO nanorods after the HWD. In addition, the growth mechanism of ZnO nanowires using HWD is discussed. This process is simple, inexpensive, low temperature, scalable, and eco-friendly. Moreover, HWD can be used to deposit a large variety of MONSTRs on almost any type of substrate material or geometry.
A generalized Biot–Savart law and its application to the active scalar equations
Authors: Chen Qionglei , Hao Xiaonan , Wang Chao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we study a generalized Biot–Savart law for suitable velocity that possibly diverges at infinity, and then show its application to the 2D general incompressible inviscid fluids. We first prove the generalized Biot–Savart law for the active scalar equations in a discrete rotational symmetry framework, which allows the velocity grow almost linearly at infinity. Based on this, we further obtain a unique global symmetric solution to Euler equation under the Yudovich type regularity. Additionally, we investigate the local well-posedness for the Boussnesq equation, SQG equation, and especially for the IPM equation which enjoys particular symmetric property in our setting. The proof mainly relies on the Fourier model analysis and some refined estimates to the singular integral operator.
Assessing suitability and stability of materials for a head and neck anthropomorphic multimodality (MRI/CT) phantoms for radiotherapy
Authors: Alzahrani Meshal , Broadbent David A , Teh Irvin , Al-Qaisieh Bashar , Speight Richard 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to identify and evaluate suitable and stable materials for developing a head and neck anthropomorphic multimodality phantom for radiotherapy purposes. These materials must mimic human head and neck tissues in both computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and maintain stable imaging properties over time and after radiation exposure, including the high levels associated with linear accelerator (linac) use. Approach: Various materials were assessed by measuring their CT numbers and T1 and T2 relaxation times. These measurements were compared to literature values to determine how closely the properties of the candidate materials resemble those of human tissues in the head and neck region. The stability of these properties was evaluated monthly over a year and after radiation exposure to doses up to 1000 Gy. Statistical analyzes were conducted to identify any significant changes over time and after radiation exposure. Main results: 10% and 12.6% Polyvinyl alcohol cryogel (PVA-c) both exhibited T1 and T2 relaxation times and CT numbers within the range appropriate for brain grey matter. 14.3% PVA-c and some plastic-based materials matched the MRI properties of brain white matter, with CT numbers close to the clinical range. Additionally, some plastic-based materials showed T1 and T2 relaxation times consistent with MRI properties of fat, although their CT numbers were not suitable. Over time and after irradiation, 10% PVA-c maintained consistent properties for brain grey matter. 12.6% PVA-c’s T1 relaxation time decreased beyond the range after the first month. Significance: This study identified 10% PVA-c as a substitute for brain grey matter, demonstrating stable imaging properties over a year and after radiation exposure up to 1000 Gy. However, the results highlight a need for further research to find additional materials to accurately simulate a wider range of human tissues.