bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Person-First Language on Obesity Stigma
Authors: Hoffman Rebecca K. , Post Stacy M. , Dodge Tonya , Stock Michelle L. 
Published: October 2024

Purpose To test the assumption that person-first language (PFL) reduces obesity stigma, mediated by perceived personal responsibility for obesity. Design Cross-sectional, experimental. Setting Online, United States. Participants 299 young adults. Measures Participants read a vignette using PFL or identity-first language (IFL) or about someone without obesity. Participants reported perceived personal responsibility for obesity, and 3 operationalizations of obesity stigma: prejudice, stereotypes, and support for punitive policies. Mediation analyses were used to test if the manipulation affected obesity stigma, through perceived personal responsibility. Results There was no indirect effect of PFL vs IFL on the 3 outcomes (95% CIs contained zero). However, the indirect effects of PFL vs no-obesity condition were significant (prejudice: β = −0.10, SE = 0.05, 95% CI [−0.22, −0.01]; stereotypes: ( β = 0.07, SE = 0.03, 95% CI [0.01, 0.14]); punitive punishment: ( β = −0.06, SE = 0.04, 95% CI [−0.15, −0.01]). Also, the indirect effects of IFL vs no-obesity condition on stereotypes ( β = 0.07, SE = 0.04, 95% CI [0.0003, 0.15]) and punitive punishment ( β = −0.06, SE = 0.04, 95% CI [−0.15, −0.0002]) were significant. Conclusion PFL may not affect obesity stigma as it does in the context of other marginalized groups. The effect of PFL and IFL, compared to the no-obesity condition, suggests future routes for intervention.
Non-invasive Anemia Detection and Prediagnosis
Authors: Aiwale Santosh , Kolte Mahesh T. , Harpale Varsha , Bendre Varsha , Khurge Deepti , Bhandari Sheetal , Kadam Suvarna , Mulani Altaf O. 
Published: October 2024

Background Anemia is a significant global health concern, often stemming from iron deficiency or deficiencies in folate, vitamins B12, and A. Anemia disproportionately impacts vulnerable populations like children, adolescent girls, and pregnant or postpartum women. Purpose Anemia is a serious public health issue, impairing productivity, cognitive development, and increasing mortality rates. Anemia is usually detected through blood tests measuring hemoglobin levels, but non-invasive solutions are rquired to lower discomfort, enhance accessibility, and allow for regular monitoring. These methods are essential for early detection in vulnerable populations. Methodology The research methodology involves extracting valuable information from nail images using data mining algorithms. The focus is on calculating the percentage of blue- and red-stained cells within specific regions of interest in the nail images. Machine-learning algorithms are employed to transform these data into actionable insights for disease diagnosis. Results The system demonstrates effectiveness in accurately detecting anemia and providing prediagnosis reports to healthcare providers. The reports include comprehensive information such as patient symptoms, health history, test results, and the doctor’s preliminary assessment. This aids in timely and accurate treatment decisions. Conclusion This research showcases the potential of image processing and machine learning in improving anemia diagnosis and facilitating personalized healthcare interventions.
A Bibliometric Analysis of 100 Top-cited Articles on Cleft Orthodontics
Authors: Negi Anurag , Katyal Sakshi , Yadav Vijay , Vallala Pranitha 
Published: October 2024

Objective This bibliometric study seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of the 100 most frequently cited articles in the domain of cleft orthodontics. The analysis will reveal key influential publications, collaborative author networks, and identify prevailing research themes within the field. Method The studies related to Orthodontics in the realm of cleft lip and palate (CLP) were retrieved from the Scopus database on 30th August 2024 using key terms. The results obtained were sorted in descending order of citations and the 100 top-cited articles were hand-filtered. RStudio software version 4.2.0 and Bibliometrix R-package was used for performing scientometrics involving co-citation, co-occurrence, collaboration and co-word analyses, bibliographic coupling and network mapping. Results A total of n = 3984 articles were retrieved from which top-100 cited articles were filtered. These documents were published during 1950-2019 with peak production in 1997. The United States and the Netherlands were the most prolific countries involved in the given research. The majority of the highly referenced articles pertained to alveolar bone grafting, and treatment outcomes being the second common focus followed by Infant and early orthopedics (Naso-alveolar moulding, Maxillary Protraction) and facial growth during the given period. Conclusions Thematic mapping depicted bone grafting, alveoloplasty (infant orthopedics) and maxillofacial development as the more developed core topics than the psychology and self-perception of patients with CLP. Recent research trends have shifted towards three-dimensional assessment methods.
Worth the Pain? Comparing Pain Scores in Primary Furlow Palatoplasty With and Without Buccal Flap Augmentation
Authors: Mentz James A. , Nye Jessica R. , Johnson Madysen , Swiekatowski Kylie , Obinero Chioma G. , Lignieres Austin , Sobol Danielle L. , Greives Matthew R. 
Published: October 2024

Objective Pain following primary palatoplasty can adversely affect nutritional and quality of life following primary palatoplasty. The incorporation of buccal flaps during primary cleft palate (CP) repair provides additional tissue to reduce the risk of velopharyngeal insufficiency, though the additional donor site may alter pain levels in the postoperative period. This study sought to compare postoperative pain levels in patients undergoing primary CP repair with or without buccal flaps. Design A single-institution, retrospective cohort study. Setting An academic children's hospital with an affiliated comprehensive cleft care team. Patients Patients age 18 months or less with cleft palate undergoing primary palatoplasty from 2016 to 2021 were included. Patients were stratified by the number of buccal flaps utilized during repair. Main Outcome Measures Primary outcome was 24-h postoperative pain score, measured using the FLACC pain scale. Secondary outcome was 24-h postoperative narcotic use, measured in morphine milligram equivalents (MME). Results A total of 106 patients (53 without buccal flaps, 53 with 1 + buccal flaps) were included. There was no significant difference in postoperative pain scores between the groups ( p > 0.9). Both groups had similar postoperative narcotic utilization ( p = 0.8). Conclusions This study demonstrates no significant difference in postoperative pain levels or narcotic utilization between patients undergoing primary Furlow palatoplasty with or without buccal flaps. This information can help address parental concerns regarding pain in the context of a larger donor site for patients undergoing primary palatoplasty with buccal flaps. Larger, multi-institutional randomized trials are needed to confirm these findings.
B-Cell Maturation Antigen-Directed Immunotherapies for the Treatment of Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma: A Review of the Literature and Implications for Clinical Practice
Authors: Peery Matthew R. , Hill Hailey , Sharps Amanda , Zaver Aarti , Moore Donald C. 
Published: October 2024

Objective: To review the pharmacology, efficacy, safety, dosing and administration, and relevance to patient care and clinical practice of B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) directed immunotherapies, including chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy and bispecific antibodies (BsAb), for the management of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). Data Sources: A literature review of PubMed (1966 to July 2024) was conducted using the keywords idecabtagene vicleucel, ciltacabtagene autoleucel, teclistamab, elranatamab, and multiple myeloma. Data was also obtained from unpublished meeting abstracts and prescribing information. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All relevant published articles, unpublished abstracts, and prescribing information on anti-BCMA immunotherapies for the treatment of RRMM were reviewed. Data Synthesis: Idecabtagene vicleucel and ciltacabtagene autoleucel are BCMA-directed CAR-T cell therapies that have been compared to standard of care (SOC) regimens for MM in early relapse in the phase III trials KarMMa-3 and CARTITUDE-4, respectively. Both studies demonstrated a significantly improved in response rates, depth of response, and progression-free survival compared to SOC. BsAbs teclistamab and elranatamab have been evaluated in the phase II trials MajesTEC-1 and MagnetisMM-3, respectively. Overall response rates of 63 and 61% were observed with teclistamab and elranatamab, respectively, in a population of patients with heavily pretreated RRMM. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice in Comparison with Existing Drugs: BCMA-directed immunotherapies have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of RRMM. Safety issues with BCMA-directed immunotherapies include cytokine release syndrome, neurotoxicity, infections, and cytopenias. Operational challenges and issues with access to care exist with these therapies as they may be limited to institutions with the infrastructure to safely administer and monitor patients for toxicities. Conclusion: BCMA-directed immunotherapies represent an important advancement in the management of RRMM and have significantly added to the available treatment options for this disease.
Coevolutionary Analysis of the Pfs47-P47Rec Complex: A Bioinformatics Approach
Authors: Ortiz-Morazán Andrés S , Moncada Marcela María , Escobar Denis , Cabrera-Moreno Leonardo A , Fontecha Gustavo 
Published: October 2024

Background: The ability to predict and comprehend molecular interactions offers significant insights into the biological functions of proteins. The interaction between surface protein 47 of Plasmodium falciparum (Pfs47) and receptor of the protein 47 (P47Rec) has attracted increased attention due to their role in parasite evasion of the mosquito immune system and the concept of geographical coevolution between species. The aims of this study were as follows: to apply a bioinformatics approach to investigate the interaction between Pfs47 and P47Rec proteins and to identify the potential binding sites, protein orientations and receptor specificity sites concerning the geographical origins of the vectors and the parasite. Methods: Public sequences of the pfs47 and p47rec genes were downloaded and subsequently filtered to predict functional and structural annotations of the Pfs47-P47Rec complex. Phylogenetic analyses of both proteins were carried out. In addition, the p47Rec gene was subjected to sequencing and subsequent analysis in 2 distinct Anopheles species collected in Honduras. Results: The examination of motifs reveals a significant degree of conservation in pfs47, suggesting that Pfs47 might have undergone recent evolutionary development and adaptation. Structural models and docking analyses supported the theory of selectivity of Plasmodium falciparum strains towards their vectors in diverse geographical regions. A detailed description of the putative interaction between the Pfs47-P47Rec complex is shown. Conclusions: The study identifies coevolutionary patterns between P47Rec and Pfs47 related to the speciation and geographic dispersion of Anopheles species and Plasmodium falciparum, with Pfs47 evolving more recently than P47Rec. This suggests a link between the parasite’s adaptability and existing anopheline species across different regions. P47Rec likely has a cytoplasmic localization due to its lack of membrane attachment elements. However, these findings are based on simulations and require validation through methods like cryo-electron microscopy. A significant limitation is the scarcity of sequences in global databases, which restricts precise interaction modelling. Further research with diverse parasite isolates and anopheline species is recommended to enhance understanding of these proteins’ structure and interaction.
Effect of telemedicine interventions on weight loss: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Moulaei Khadijeh , Moulaei Reza , Bahaadinbeigy Kambiz , Bastaminejad Saiyad 
Published: October 2024

Background and objective Obesity and its associated health challenges represent a pressing global concern. Telemedicine interventions offer a promising solution for effective weight loss support. This study examines the impact of telemedicine interventions on weight loss support. Methods We conducted a search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, starting from their inception. Both researchers systematically selected articles and extracted data using a designated data collection form. To assess the risk of bias in the included studies, we employed the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Publication bias was evaluated through funnel plots and Egger's and Begg's tests. Utilizing the gathered data, we computed the standardized mean differences (Hedges's g) between the treatment and control groups. We estimated heterogeneity variance using the Q test and I2 statistic. The analysis was carried out using Stata 17.0. Results Out of a total of 2626 retrieved articles, 30 studies were included in the analysis. Telemedicine interventions can cause weight loss in people (Hedges's g = 0.09, 95% CI: −0.13, 0.39; p-value < 0.001). The type of telemedicine intervention and target population were a significant moderator of the heterogeneity between studies ( p < 0.05). Conclusion This study highlights the potential of telemedicine interventions as valuable tools in weight loss programs. Embracing these technologies can enhance the effectiveness of weight management strategies for diverse populations.
The metalinguistic and metarepresentational attitude of early bilingual children: A study on definitional skills
Authors: Artuso Caterina , Lucaci Liliana , Belacchi Carmen 
Published: October 2024

Aims and objectives: Definitional skill is the ability to define words using canonical formats. This skill requires lexical, morpho-syntactic, and pragmatic abilities, as well as metalinguistic attitude. Bilingualism has a crucial role in cognitive development, especially in promoting metareflective competencies. The relationship between bilingualism and definitional skills is a very under investigated topic. The aim of this study is to explore in the same sample of bilingual children how they define words in both languages. Methodology: Thirty early bilingual minority language children (age range 7–16 years) were administered a definition task (Co.De.Scale). They were asked to define words both in their native language, Romanian (L1), and their second language, Italian (L2). Data and analysis: Data were analyzed via mixed-method effects. Furthermore, we were also interested in studying if there were any differences in the answer proportions per definitional level (from 0 to 6) between Italian and Romanian. Findings: The results showed the production of better definitions in L2 compared with L1. The finding is readable in the light of the different settings where the two languages are used: home/family for L1 versus at school/non-family contexts for L2. Originality: This is the first study to show the role of both educational school settings and language dominance in promoting development of formal definitional skills. More specifically, it is worth stressing the relevance to study this topic in minority language bilingual children. Implications: Given the lower performance of minority language bilingual children in defining in their native language L1, a crucial educational objective could be enhancing the definitional skills in L1, designing ad hoc interventions that boost formal instruction. In turn, this would favor more inclusion and the exploitation of the minority language children, as well as more intercultural integration, thus enhancing language minority cultures.
A doubly stochastic point process approach for spatio-temporal dynamics of crime data
Authors: González Jonatan A. , Mateu Jorge , Céspedes Nubia E. , Camacho Erika A. , Cervantes Luis C. 
Published: October 2024

Crime, in general, is at the base of crucial issues for many societies living in large cities worldwide. Indeed, crime and neighbourhood disorder may negatively impact the health of urban residents. Thus, the crime rate reduction is at the core of many local policies driven by active plans supported by police action and local authorities. Considering crime reports as a spatio-temporal point pattern, we propose spatio-temporal log-Gaussian Cox processes as a modelling framework for crimes in space and time. We model the spatial and temporal variation through generalized parametric additive and linear models, and a Gaussian space-time process approximates the residual variation. The inference is performed via Markov chain Monte Carlo through MALA algorithms. We provide short-term forecasts of future crimes and suggest a surveillance system that operates by reporting predictive probabilities. Our data come from the reported crimes in the locality of Kennedy (Bogota) over several years and several types of crimes. The police department may use our method to help allocate police resources and design crime prevention strategies and policies, such as surveillance, in specific zonal planning units.
Explainable Machine-Learning Models to Predict Weekly Risk of Hyperglycemia, Hypoglycemia, and Glycemic Variability in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Based on Continuous Glucose Monitoring
Authors: Cichosz Simon Lebech , Olesen Søren Schou , Jensen Morten Hasselstrøm 
Published: October 2024

Background and Objective: The aim of this study was to develop and validate explainable prediction models based on continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and baseline data to identify a week-to-week risk of CGM key metrics (hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, glycemic variability). By having a weekly prediction of CGM key metrics, it is possible for the patient or health care personnel to take immediate preemptive action. Methods: We analyzed, trained, and internally tested three prediction models (Logistic regression, XGBoost, and TabNet) using CGM data from 187 type 1 diabetes patients with long-term CGM monitoring. A binary classification approach combined with feature engineering deployed on the CGM signals was used to predict hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and glycemic variability based on consensus targets (time above range ≥5%, time below range ≥4%, coefficient of variation ≥36%). The models were validated in two independent cohorts with a total of 223 additional patients of varying ages. Results: A total of 46 593 weeks of CGM data were included in the analysis. For the best model (XGBoost), the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC) was 0.9 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.89-0.91], 0.89 [95% CI = 0.88-0.9], and 0.8 [95% CI = 0.79-0.81] for predicting hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and glycemic variability in the interval validation, respectively. The validation test showed good generalizability of the models with ROC-AUC of 0.88 to 0.95, 0.84 to 0.89, and 0.80 to 0.82 for predicting the glycemic outcomes. Conclusion: Prediction models based on real-world CGM data can be used to predict the risk of unstable glycemic control in the forthcoming week. The models showed good performance in both internal and external validation cohorts.
Emergency Action Planning in United States High Schools
Authors: Hedberg Riley Michael , Ayres Jack Michael , Messamore William , Baker Jordan P. , Tarakemeh Armin , Burkholder Richard , Salazar Luis , Vopat Bryan George , Darche Jean-Philippe 
Published: October 2024

Background: Rates of emergency action plan (EAP) implementation and compliance with EAP guidelines vary in United States secondary schools. There are limited data on emergency preparedness in schools without athletic trainers (ATs). Hypothesis: Rural and high poverty schools have poor emergency preparedness for high school athletic events due to financial barriers and lack of ATs. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Level of Evidence: Level 5. Methods: A web-based questionnaire was emailed by each State High School Athletics Association to ATs, athletic directors, and coaches of recipient schools to assess emergency preparedness. Results: A total of 686 responses were received (response rate ~3.5%). Schools with an AT on staff were more likely to have an EAP ( P < 0.01). Schools with a higher enrollment were more likely to have an EAP ( P < 0.01), an AT on staff ( P < 0.01), require additional training for coaches ( P < 0.01), and have an automated external defibrillator (AED) onsite for all events ( P < 0.01). Urban (odds ratio [OR], 3.514; 95% CI [2.242, 5.507]; P < 0.01) and suburban (OR, 4.950; 95% CI [3.287, 7.454]; P < 0.01) districts were more likely than rural districts to have an AT on staff. High poverty districts were less likely to have an AED (OR, 0.660; 95% CI [0.452, 0.964]; P = 0.03) or EAP (OR, 0.511; 95% CI [0.306, 0.853]; P < 0.01) at athletic venues. Conclusion: Lower enrollment, high poverty, and rural schools are less prepared for athletic emergencies than their higher enrollment, low poverty, and suburban counterparts as these schools are generally less likely to have an AT on staff, AEDs, and EAPs and less likely to provide additional training to coaches and other staff. Clinical Relevance: This study assesses athletic emergency preparedness—a critical component of ensuring athlete safety and recovery after injury.
Acute Changes in Hamstring Injury Risk Factors After a Session of High-Volume Maximal Sprinting Speed Efforts in Soccer Players
Authors: Carmona Gerard , Moreno-Simonet Lia , Cosio Pedro Luís , Astrella Andrea , Fernández Daniel , Padullés Xavier , Cadefau Joan Aureli , Padullés Josep Maria , Mendiguchia Jurdan 
Published: October 2024

Background: Maximal sprinting speed (MSS) overexposure is associated with increased risk of injury. This study aimed to describe changes in sprint performance-related factors and hamstring strain injury (HSI) risk factors after a high-volume sprinting session in soccer players. Hypothesis: A high-volume sprinting session can induce acute changes in several sprint performance-related factors (sprint time and mechanical properties) and HSI risk factors (posterior chain muscle strength, hamstring range of motion, and dynamic lumbo-pelvic control [LPC], measured as changes in anterior pelvic tilt [APT] during maximal speed sprinting). Study Design: Prospective observational case series. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Methods: Fifteen active male amateur soccer players participated. Changes in sprint performance-related factors and HSI risk factors were examined for 72 hours after high-volume MSS efforts (H-VMSSE) using a soccer-contextualized multifactorial approach. Muscle damage proxy markers (hamstring perceived soreness and creatine kinase) were also examined. Results: H-VMSSE induced decrements in sprint performance-related factors. Significant reductions in theoretical maximal horizontal velocity ( P < 0.01; effect size [ES], -0.71) and performance ( P = 0.02; ES, -0.59) were observed for 48 and 72 hours after H-VMSSE. Small but significant reductions in posterior chain muscle force-generating capacity were detected for 48 and 72 hours after H-VMSSE for the nondominant ( P < 0.03; ES, -0.60) and dominant ( P < 0.04; ES, -0.40) leg. Finally, players exhibited persistent small, albeit nonsignificant ( P = 0.06; ES, 0.53), decreases in dynamic LPC (APT increases) for 72 hours after H-VMSSE. Conclusion: H-VMSSE induced declines in both sprint performance-related factors and HSI risk factors. Sprinting can alter a player’s anatomic structure by increasing APT during the maximum speed phase of the sprint. Clinical Relevance: A soccer-contextualized multifactorial approach might allow for the regulation of MSS dosage depending on individual HSI risk factor status, thereby serving as a tailored “vaccine” for sprinting needs.