bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship marketing: looking backwards towards the future
Authors: Payne Adrian , Frow Pennie 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to review the growth and development of the field of relationship marketing and, through a consideration of this body of work, identifies key research priorities for the future of relationship marketing. The paper also delineates the frequently confused associated concepts of customer relationship management and customer management and considers how they fit within the broader concept of relationship marketing.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper undertakes a review of the relationship marketing literature, supplemented by the authors’ on-going interactive research with managers.

Findings
The paper reviews alternative approaches to relationship marketing, reflects on the development of the field of relationship marketing and identifies three critical priorities for future research in relationship marketing.

Practical implications
The research priorities that are identified in this paper represent important priorities for scholars, managers, regulators and policy makers.

Originality/value
Although there is now a substantial body of research on relationship, marketing, much of this work focuses on the customer-firm dyad, with a smaller body of work focusing on a broader range of stakeholders. This paper argues for the broadening of the role of relationship marketing to consider ecosystems; the need for firms to shift from a value-in-exchange to a value-in-use perspective when addressing customer relationships; and the critical need to address “dark side” behaviour and dysfunctional processes in relationship marketing.
Guest editorial: relationship marketing – past, present and future
Authors: Gummerus Johanna , von Koskull Catharina , Kowalkowski Christian 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
In a time when relationships have been recognized as an integral part of contemporary marketing theory and practice, what role can the sub-discipline of relationship marketing play? The aim with this special issue is to critically assess the state of relationship marketing and call for new ideas to take the field forward.

Design/methodology/approach
The editors had an open call for papers with an original perspective and advanced thinking on relationship marketing, resulting in 50 originally submitted manuscripts that were subjected to double-blind review. Of these, this issue presents five articles. In addition, the editors invited well-renowned thought leaders who have contributed to theory development within relationship marketing. This issue starts with their four thoughtful, forward-orientated contributions.

Findings
Several thought-provoking reflections and research findings are presented that urge relationship marketing researchers to explore novel avenues for the future of this area. A prominent way forward may be looking for a common ground in relationship marketing thinking, assessing the extent to which the different literature streams add to marketing research and when they do not and testing/deploying the learnings in new settings.

Research limitations/implications
The special issue does not address all areas of relationship marketing research. Potential areas for future relationship marketing research are identified.

Originality/value
To assess existent knowledge of relationship marketing is needed to take the field forward.
Barriers and enablers to academic health leadership
Authors: Bharwani Aleem , Kline Theresa , Patterson Margaret , Craighead Peter 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
This study sought to identify the barriers and enablers to leadership enactment in academic health-care settings.

Design/methodology/approach
Semi-structured interviews (n = 77) with programme stakeholders (medical school trainees, university leaders, clinical leaders, medical scientists and directors external to the medical school) were conducted, and the responses content-analysed.

Findings
Both contextual and individual factors were identified as playing a role in affecting academic health leadership enactment that has an impact on programme development, success and maintenance. Contextual factors included sufficient resources allocated to the programme, opportunities for learners to practise leadership skills, a competent team around the leader once that person is in place, clear expectations for the leader and a culture that fosters open communication. Contextual barriers included highly bureaucratic structures, fear-of-failure and non-trusting cultures and inappropriate performance systems. Programmes were advised to select participants based on self-awareness, strong communication skills and an innovative thinking style. Filling specific knowledge and skill gaps, particularly for those not trained in medical school, was viewed as essential. Ineffective decision-making styles and tendencies to get involved in day-to-day activities were barriers to the development of academic health leaders.

Originality/value
Programmes designed to develop academic health-care leaders will be most effective if they develop leadership at all levels; ensure that the organisation’s culture, structure and processes reinforce positive leadership practices; and recognise the critical role of teams in supporting its leaders.
Hidden survival heterogeneity of three Common eider populations in response to climate fluctuations
Authors: Guéry Loreleï , Descamps Sébastien , Pradel Roger , Hanssen Sveinn Are , Erikstad Kjell Einar , Gabrielsen Geir W. , Gilchrist H. Grant , Bêty Joël 
Published: January 2017

Summary

Understanding how individuals and populations respond to fluctuations in climatic conditions is critical to explain and anticipate changes in ecological systems. Most such studies focus on climate impacts on single populations without considering inter‐ and intra‐population heterogeneity. However, comparing geographically dispersed populations limits the risk of faulty generalizations and helps to improve ecological and demographic models.

We aimed to determine whether differences in migration tactics among and within populations would induce inter‐ or intra‐population heterogeneity in survival in relation to winter climate fluctuations. Our study species was the Common eider (Somateria mollissima), a marine duck with a circumpolar distribution, which is strongly affected by climatic conditions during several phases of its annual cycle.

Capture‐mark‐recapture data were collected in two arctic (northern Canada and Svalbard) and one subarctic (northern Norway) population over a period of 18, 15, and 29 years respectively. These three populations have different migration tactics and experience different winter climatic conditions. Using multi‐event and mixture modelling, we assessed the association between adult female eider survival and winter conditions as measured by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index.

We found that winter weather conditions affected the survival of female eiders from each of these three populations. However, different mechanisms seemed to be involved. Survival of the two migrating arctic populations was impacted directly by changes in the NAO, whereas the subarctic resident population was affected by the NAO with time lags of 2–3 years. Moreover, we found evidence for intra‐population heterogeneity in the survival response to the winter NAO in the Canadian eider population, where individuals migrate to distinct wintering areas.

Our results illustrate how individuals and populations of the same species can vary in their responses to climate variation. We suspect that the found variation in the survival response of birds to winter conditions is partly explained by differences in migration tactic. Detecting and accounting for inter‐ and intra‐population heterogeneity will improve our predictions concerning the response of wildlife to global changes.
Why do boys and girls perform differently on PISA Reading in Finland? The effects of reading fluency, achievement behaviour, leisure reading and homework activity
Authors: Torppa Minna , Eklund Kenneth , Sulkunen Sari , Niemi Pekka , Ahonen Timo 
Published: January 2017

The present study examined gender gap in Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) Reading and mediators of the gender gap in a Finnish sample (n = 1,309). We examined whether the gender gap in PISA Reading performance can be understood via the effects of reading fluency, achievement behaviour (mastery orientation and task‐avoidant behaviour) or the amount of time spent with leisure reading and homework. Girls outperformed boys in all measures except for achievement behaviour. The models explaining PISA Reading were not different: For boys and girls, reading fluency, mastery orientation, leisure book reading and homework explained the variance in PISA Reading scores. The gender effect on PISA Reading was, however, for the most part mediated by differences in reading fluency. These findings suggest that while mastery orientation, homework activity and leisure book reading are concurrent predictors of PISA Reading over and above reading fluency, they do not explain gender difference.
The influence of age at menarche, menstrual cycle length and bleeding duration on time to pregnancy: a large prospective cohort study among rural Chinese women
Authors: Zhang Q , Wang YY , Zhang Y , Zhang HG , Yang Y , He Y , Xu JH , Zhao J , Peng ZQ , Ma X 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveTo investigate the relations among age at menarche (AAM), menstrual cycle length, menstrual bleeding duration and time to pregnancy in a large cohort of rural Chinese women.DesignA prospective cohort study.SettingLocal family‐planning service agencies and maternal/child care service centres.PopulationA total of 391 320 rural women of reproductive age who participated in the National Free Pre‐pregnancy Checkups and were planning to conceive were enrolled.MethodsMenstrual characteristics were collected via face‐to‐face interviews. The Cox proportional hazards model were used to estimate the fecundability ratios (FRs) and 95% confidence intervals for each measure relative to its reference category.Main outcome measuresTime to pregnancy.ResultsWomen with an AAM later than 14 years of age were less likely become pregnant compared with women with AAM at 13–14 years of age (FR 0.93, 95% CI 0.92–0.94). Those with menstrual cycle lengths >29 days were less likely to come pregnant (FR 0.91, 95% CI 0.90–0.92) compared with the reference cycle length of 27–29 days. Women with bleeding durations of <4 (FR 0.88; 95% CI 0.86–0.91) or >5 days (FR 0.91; 95% CI 0.90–0.91) showed lower FRs compared with those reporting 4–5 days of bleeding. The associations were independent of maternal age, ethnicity, education level, occupation, tobacco use, alcohol use and body mass index.ConclusionA later onset of menarche, longer menstrual cycle length, both shorter (<4 days) and longer (>5 days) bleeding duration were associated with a lower FR and longer time to pregnancy in rural Chinese women.Tweetable abstractA later menarche, longer cycle, shorter or longer bleeding duration were associated with lower fecundity.
Survival effect of laparoscopic para‐aortic staging in locally advanced cervical cancer: a retrospective cohort analysis
Authors: Pomel C , Martinez A , Bourgin C , Beguinot M , Benoit C , Naik R , Dauplat J , Lebouedec G , Ferron G 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveThis study compares two methods of evaluating para‐aortic node involvement in locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) in order to define external radiotherapy treatment fields: laparoscopic surgical para‐aortic lymphadenectomy or PET‐CT imaging.PopulationWe selected 187 patients with LACC who had been treated by chemoradiation therapy in two comprehensive cancer centres from January 2001 to December 2013. A total of 98 underwent para‐aortic evaluation by PET‐CT (Centre 1) and 89 received surgical laparoscopic excision (Centre 2).MethodsAll patients with LACC were retrospectively collected in each centre. OS and DFS were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier's method and survival curves were compared using log‐rank test.Main outcome measuresOutcomes were the comparison of patients’ disease‐free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) between the two centres.ResultsPatients had a significantly better disease‐free survival in cohort 1 than in cohort 2, at 2 years [80.9% (71.7–87.5) versus 57.1% (46.1–67.3)] and at 5 years [70.5% (58.8–79.9) versus 49.2% (38.2–60.4)] (P = 0.009). These results are confirmed by multivariate analysis model [hazard ratio (HR) 1.93; 95% CI 1.03–3.61; P = 0.04]. The overall survival was also better in cohort 1, both at 2 and 5 years [93.5% (86.5–97.0) versus 78.5% (68.5–86.0) and 85.1% (73.2–92.2) versus 63.8% (51.9–74.2), respectively; P = 0.006]. The multivariate analysis model found concordant results with an increased relative risk of death for patients treated in cohort 2 (HR 2.55; 95% CI 1.09–5.99; P = 0.01).ConclusionIn this retrospective cohort analysis, para‐aortic surgical staging in LACC is more deleterious for patients than is radiological staging in terms of OS and DFS.Tweetable abstractPara‐aortic surgical staging in LACC is more deleterious for patients than clinical staging.
The Association of Electronic Health Record Adoption with Staffing Mix in Community Health Centers
Authors: Frogner Bianca K. , Wu Xiaoli , Park Jeongyoung , Pittman Patricia 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveTo assess how medical staffing mix changed over time in association with the adoption of electronic health records (EHRs) in community health centers (CHCs).Study SettingCommunity health centers within the 50 states and Washington, DC.Study DesignEstimated how the change in the share of total medical staff full‐time equivalents (FTE) by provider category between 2007 and 2013 was associated with EHR adoption using fractional multinomial logit.Data Collection2007–2013 Uniform Data System, an administrative data set of Section 330 federal grant recipients; and Readiness for Meaningful Use and HIT and Patient Centered Medical Home Recognition Survey responses collected from Section 330 recipients between December 2010 and February 2011.Principal FindingsHaving an EHR system did significantly shift the share of workers over time between physicians and each of the other categories of health care workers. While an EHR system significantly shifted the share of physician and other medical staff, this effect did not significantly vary over time. CHCs with EHRs by the end of the study period had a relatively greater proportion of other medical staff compared to the proportion of physicians.ConclusionsElectronic health records appeared to influence staffing allocation in CHCs such that other medical staff may be used to support adoption of EHRs as well as be leveraged as an important care provider.
A Methodology for Using Workforce Data to Decide Which Specialties and States to Target for Graduate Medical Education Expansion
Authors: Fraher Erin P. , Knapton Andy , Holmes George M. 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveTo outline a methodology for allocating graduate medical education (GME) training positions based on data from a workforce projection model.Data SourcesDemand for visits is derived from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey and Census data. Physician supply, retirements, and geographic mobility are estimated using concatenated AMA Masterfiles and ABMS certification data. The number and specialization behaviors of residents are derived from the AAMC's GMETrack survey.DesignWe show how the methodology could be used to allocate 3,000 new GME slots over 5 years—15,000 total positions—by state and specialty to address workforce shortages in 2026.Extraction MethodsWe use the model to identify shortages for 19 types of health care services provided by 35 specialties in 50 states.Principal FindingsThe new GME slots are allocated to nearly all specialties, but nine states and the District of Columbia do not receive any new positions.ConclusionsThis analysis illustrates an objective, evidence‐based methodology for allocating GME positions that could be used as the starting point for discussions about GME expansion or redistribution.
Nurse‐Related Clinical Nonlicensed Personnel in U.S. Hospitals and Their Relationship with Nurse Staffing Levels
Authors: Li Suhui , Pittman Patricia , Han Xinxin , Lowe Timothy John 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveThis study examines nurse‐related clinical nonlicensed personnel (CNLP) in U.S. hospitals between 2010 and 2014, including job categories, trends in staffing levels, and the possible relationship of substitution between this group of workers and registered nurses (RNs) and/or licensed practical nurses (LPNs).Data SourceWe used 5 years of data (2010–2014) from an operational database maintained by Premier, Inc. that tracks labor hours, hospital units, and facility characteristics.Study DesignWe assessed changes over time in the average number of total hours worked by RNs, LPNs, and CNLP, adjusted by total patient days. We then conducted linear regressions to estimate the relationships between nurse and CNLP staffing, controlling for patient acuity, volume, and hospital fixed effects.Principal FindingsThe overall use of CNLP and LPN hours per patient day declined from 2010 to 2014, while RN hours per patient day remained stable. We found no evidence of substitution between CNLP and nurses during the study period: Nurse‐related CNLP hours were positively associated with RN hours and not significantly related to LPN hours, holding other factors constant.ConclusionsFindings point to the importance of examining where and why CNLP hours per patient day have declined and to understanding of the effects of these changes on outcomes.
Developing Physician Migration Estimates for Workforce Models
Authors: Holmes George M. , Fraher Erin P. 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveTo understand factors affecting specialty heterogeneity in physician migration.Data Sources/Study SettingPhysicians in the 2009 American Medical Association Masterfile data were matched to those in the 2013 file. Office locations were geocoded in both years to one of 293 areas of the country. Estimated utilization, calculated for each specialty, was used as the primary predictor of migration. Physician characteristics (e.g., specialty, age, sex) were obtained from the 2009 file. Area characteristics and other factors influencing physician migration (e.g., rurality, presence of teaching hospital) were obtained from various sources.Study DesignWe modeled physician location decisions as a two‐part process: First, the physician decides whether to move. Second, conditional on moving, a conditional logit model estimates the probability a physician moved to a particular area. Separate models were estimated by specialty and whether the physician was a resident.Principal FindingsResults differed between specialties and according to whether the physician was a resident in 2009, indicating heterogeneity in responsiveness to policies. Physician migration was higher between geographically proximate states with higher utilization for that specialty.ConclusionsModels can be used to estimate specialty‐specific migration patterns for more accurate workforce modeling, including simulations to model the effect of policy changes.
Prophylactic perihepatic lymphadenectomy in patients with colorectal cancer with liver metastasis: A prospective preliminary study
Authors: Baek Jeong Heum , Kim Keon‐Kuk , Lee Jung‐Nam , Ha Seung‐Yeon , Lee Woon Kee , Lee Won‐Suk 
Published: January 2017

AimThe aim of the present study was to prospectively evaluate the incidence of occult perihepatic lymph node metastasis.Patients and MethodsPerihepatic lymph nodes were dissected in 39 patients undergoing resection for colon cancer liver metastasis.ResultsThe complication rates of the two groups were not significantly different (P = 0.094). No mortality was associated with lymphadenectomy. The average rate of perihepatic lymph node retrieval was seven lymph nodes per patient. The perihepatic lymph node metastasis rate was 5.1 per cent.ConclusionsThe radiologically‐negative perihepatic lymph node metastasis rate was found to be 5.1 per cent among colorectal cancer patient undergoing liver resection. Due to the high risk of intra‐abdominal bleeding, this should not be done routinely.
Potential for coupling the monitoring of bush‐crickets with established large‐scale acoustic monitoring of bats
Authors: Newson Stuart E. , Bas Yves , Murray Ash , Gillings Simon 
Published: January 2017

SummaryMonitoring biodiversity over large spatial and temporal scales is crucial for assessing the impact of global changes and environmental mitigation measures. However, large‐scale monitoring of invertebrates remains poorly developed despite the importance of these organisms in ecosystem functioning. Exciting possibilities applicable to professional and citizen science are offered by new recording techniques and methods of semi‐automated species recognition based on sound detection.Static broad‐spectrum detectors deployed to record throughout whole nights have been recommended for standardised acoustic monitoring of bats, but they have the potential to also collect acoustic data for other species groups. Large‐scale deployment of such systems is only viable when combined with robust automated species identification algorithms. Here we examine the potential of such a system for detecting, identifying and monitoring bush‐crickets (Orthoptera of the family Tettigoniidae). We use incidental sound recordings generated by an extensive citizen science bat survey and recordings from intensive site surveys to test a semi‐automated step‐wise method with a classifier for assigning species identities. We assess species’ diel activity patterns to make recommendations for survey timing and interpretation of existing nocturnal data sets and consider the feasibility of determining site occupancy.Of six species of bush‐crickets, the species classifier achieved over 85% accuracy for three, speckled bush‐cricket, dark bush‐cricket and Roesel's bush‐cricket. It should be possible to automatically scan recordings for these species with minimal manual validation. Further refinement of the classifier is required for the three remaining species, in particular for the acoustically similar short‐winged conehead and long‐winged conehead. Diel activity patterns are species specific and it may be necessary to adjust the hours over which the detectors record to increase detection of key species, but this must be weighed against the costs in terms of increased memory and battery use and equipment security during daytime.We conclude that with logistical support and centralised semi‐automated species identification it is now possible for the public to contribute to large‐scale acoustic monitoring of Orthoptera while recording bats. Further innovation of sound classifier algorithms is needed and would be aided by improved reference sound libraries from multiple locations spanning species’ ranges.