bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional surgical simulation improves the planning for correction of facial prognathism and asymmetry: A qualitative and quantitative study
Authors: Ho Cheng-Ting , Lin Hsiu-Hsia , Liou Eric J. W. , Lo Lun-Jou 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTraditional planning method for orthognathic surgery has limitations of cephalometric analysis, especially for patients with asymmetry. The aim of this study was to assess surgical plan modification after 3-demensional (3D) simulation. The procedures were to perform traditional surgical planning, construction of 3D model for the initial surgical plan (P1), 3D model of altered surgical plan after simulation (P2), comparison between P1 and P2 models, surgical execution, and postoperative validation using superimposition and root-mean-square difference (RMSD) between postoperative 3D image and P2 simulation model. Surgical plan was modified after 3D simulation in 93% of the cases. Absolute linear changes of landmarks in mediolateral direction (x-axis) were significant and between 1.11 to 1.62 mm. The pitch, yaw, and roll rotation as well as ramus inclination correction also showed significant changes after the 3D planning. Yaw rotation of the maxillomandibular complex (1.88 ± 0.32°) and change of ramus inclination (3.37 ± 3.21°) were most frequently performed for correction of the facial asymmetry. Errors between the postsurgical image and 3D simulation were acceptable, with RMSD 0.63 ± 0.25 mm for the maxilla and 0.85 ± 0.41 mm for the mandible. The information from this study could be used to augment the clinical planning and surgical execution when a conventional approach is applied.
De novo assembly, annotation, and characterization of the whole brain transcriptome of male and female Syrian hamsters
Authors: McCann Katharine E. , Sinkiewicz David M. , Norvelle Alisa , Huhman Kim L. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHamsters are an ideal animal model for a variety of biomedical research areas such as cancer, virology, circadian rhythms, and behavioural neuroscience. The use of hamsters has declined, however, most likely due to the dearth of genetic tools available for these animals. Our laboratory uses hamsters to study acute social stress, and we are beginning to investigate the genetic mechanisms subserving defeat-induced behavioural change. We have been limited, however, by the lack of genetic resources available for hamsters. In this study, we sequenced the brain transcriptome of male and female Syrian hamsters to generate the necessary resources to continue our research. We completed a de novo assembly and after assembly optimization, there were 113,329 transcripts representing 14,530 unique genes. This study is the first to characterize transcript expression in both female and male hamster brains and offers invaluable information to promote understanding of a host of important biomedical research questions for which hamsters are an excellent model.
Early life peripheral lipopolysaccharide challenge reprograms catecholaminergic neurons
Authors: Ong Lin Kooi , Fuller Erin A. , Sominsky Luba , Hodgson Deborah M. , Dunkley Peter R. , Dickson Phillip W. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractNeonatal immune challenge with the bacterial mimetic lipopolysaccharide has the capacity to generate long-term changes in the brain. Neonatal rats were intraperitoneally injected with lipopolysaccharide (0.05 mg/kg) on postnatal day (PND) 3 and again on PND 5. The activation state of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was measured in the locus coeruleus, ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra on PND 85. In the locus coeruleus there was an approximately four-fold increase in TH activity. This was accompanied by a significant increase in TH protein together with increased phosphorylation of all three serine residues in the N-terminal region of TH. In the ventral tegmental area, a significant increase in TH activity and increased phosphorylation of the serine 40 residue was seen. Neonatal lipopolysaccharide had no effect on TH activation in the substantia nigra. These results indicate the capacity of a neonatal immune challenge to generate long-term changes in the activation state of TH, in particular in the locus coeruleus. Overall, the current results demonstrate the enduring outcomes of a neonatal immune challenge on specific brain catecholaminergic regions associated with catecholamine synthesis. This highlights a novel mechanism for long-term physiological and behavioural alterations induced by this model.
Osteoclastic miR-214 targets TRAF3 to contribute to osteolytic bone metastasis of breast cancer
Authors: Liu Jin , Li Defang , Dang Lei , Liang Chao , Guo Baosheng , Lu Cheng , He Xiaojuan , Cheung Hilda Y. S. , He Bing , Liu Biao , Li Fangfei , Lu Jun , Wang Luyao , Shaikh Atik Badshah , Jiang Feng , Lu Changwei , Peng Songlin , Zhang Zongkang , Zhang Bao-Ting , Pan Xiaohua , Xiao Lianbo , Lu Aiping , Zhang Ge 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe role of osteoclastic miRNAs in regulating osteolytic bone metastasis (OBM) of breast cancer is still underexplored. Here, we examined the expression profiles of osteoclastogenic miRNAs in human bone specimens and identified that miR-214-3p was significantly upregulated in breast cancer patients with OBM. Consistently, we found increased miR-214-3p within osteoclasts, which was associated with the elevated bone resorption, during the development of OBM in human breast cancer xenografted nude mice (BCX). Furthermore, genetic ablation of osteoclastic miR-214-3p in nude mice prevent the development of OBM. Conditioned medium from MDA-MB-231 cells dramatically stimulated miR-214-3p expression to promote osteoclast differentiation. Mechanistically, a series of in vitro study showed that miR-214-3p directly targeted Traf3 to promote osteoclast activity and bone-resorbing activity. In addition, osteoclast-specific miR-214-3p knock-in mice showed remarkably increased bone resorption when compared to the littermate controls, which was attenuated after osteoclast-targeted treatment with Traf3 3′UTR-containing plasmid. In BCX nude mice, osteoclast-targeted antagomir-214-3p delivery could recover the TRAF3 protein expression and attenuate the development of OBM, respectively. Collectively, inhibition of osteoclastic miR-214-3p may be a potential therapeutic strategy for breast cancer patients with OBM. Meanwhile, the intraosseous TRAF3 could be a promising biomarker for evaluation of the treatment response of antagomir-214-3p.
A subwavelength resolution microwave/6.3 GHz camera based on a metamaterial absorber
Authors: Xie Yunsong , Fan Xin , Chen Yunpeng , Wilson Jeffrey D. , Simons Rainee N. , Xiao John Q. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe design, fabrication and characterization of a novel metamaterial absorber based camera with subwavelength spatial resolution are investigated. The proposed camera is featured with simple and lightweight design, easy portability, low cost, high resolution and sensitivity, and minimal image interference or distortion to the original field distribution. The imaging capability of the proposed camera was characterized in both near field and far field ranges. The experimental and simulated near field images both reveal that the camera produces qualitatively accurate images with negligible distortion to the original field distribution. The far field demonstration was done by coupling the designed camera with a microwave convex lens. The far field results further demonstrate that the camera can capture quantitatively accurate electromagnetic wave distribution in the diffraction limit. The proposed camera can be used in application such as non-destructive image and beam direction tracer.
Homoepitaxial Growth of Metal Halide Crystals Investigated by Reflection High-Energy Electron Diffraction
Authors: Chen Pei , Kuttipillai Padmanaban S. , Wang Lili , Lunt Richard R. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe report the homoepitaxial growth of a metal halide on single crystals investigated with in situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and ex situ atomic force microscopy (AFM). Epitaxial growth of NaCl on NaCl (001) is explored as a function of temperature and growth rate which provides the first detailed report of RHEED oscillations for metal halide growth. Layer-by-layer growth is observed at room temperature accompanied by clear RHEED oscillations while the growth mode transitions to an island (3D) mode at low temperature. At higher temperatures (>100 °C), RHEED oscillations and AFM data indicate a transition to a step-flow growth mode. To show the importance of such metal halide growth, green organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are demonstrated using a doped NaCl film with a phosphorescent emitter as the emissive layer. This study demonstrates the ability to perform in situ and non-destructive RHEED monitoring even on insulating substrates and could enable doped single crystals and crystalline substrates for a range of optoelectronic applications.
The early growth response protein 1-miR-30a-5p-neurogenic differentiation factor 1 axis as a novel biomarker for schizophrenia diagnosis and treatment monitoring
Authors: Liu S , Zhang F , Shugart Y Y , Yang L , Li X , Liu Z , Sun N , Yang C , Guo X , Shi J , Wang L , Cheng L , Zhang K , Yang T , Xu Y 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTo date, diagnosis of schizophrenia is still based on clinical interviews and careful observations, which is subjective and variable, and can lead to misdiagnosis and/or delay in diagnosis. As early intervention in schizophrenia is important in improving outcomes, objective tests that can be used for schizophrenia diagnosis or treatment monitoring are thus in great need. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) negatively regulate target gene expression and their biogenesis is tightly controlled by various factors including transcription factors (TFs). Dysregulation of miRNAs in brain tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) from patients with schizophrenia has been well documented, but analysis of the sensitivity and specificity for potential diagnostic utility of these alternations is limited. In this study, we explored the TF-miRNA-30-target gene axis as a novel biomarker for schizophrenia diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Using bioinformatics analysis, we retrieved all TFs that control the biogenesis of miRNA 30 members as well as all target genes that are regulated by miRNA-30 members. Further, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis revealed that the early growth response protein 1 (EGR1) and miR-30a-5p were remarkably downregulated, whereas neurogenic differentiation factor 1 (NEUROD1) was significantly upregulated in PBMNCs from patients in acute psychotic state. Antipsychotics treatment resulted in the elevation of EGR1 and miR-30a-5p but the reduction of NEUROD1. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the EGR1-miR-30a-5p-NEUROD1 axis possessed significantly greater diagnostic value than miR-30a-5p alone. Our data suggest the EGR1-miR-30a-5p-NEUROD1 axis might serve as a promising biomarker for diagnosis and treatment monitoring for those patients in acute psychotic state.
Task-specific reorganization of the auditory cortex in deaf humans
Authors: Bola Łukasz , Zimmermann Maria , Mostowski Piotr , Jednoróg Katarzyna , Marchewka Artur , Rutkowski Paweł , Szwed Marcin 
Published: January 2017

Significance
What principles govern large-scale reorganization of the brain? In the blind, several visual regions preserve their task specificity but switch to tactile or auditory input. It remains open whether this type of reorganization is unique to the visual cortex or is a general mechanism in the brain. Here we asked deaf and hearing adults to discriminate between temporally complex sequences of stimuli during an fMRI experiment. We show that the same auditory regions were activated when deaf subjects performed the visual version of the task and when hearing subjects performed the auditory version of the task. Thus, switching sensory input while preserving the task specificity of recruited areas might be a general principle that guides cortical reorganization in the brain.
Uranium(IV) adsorption by natural organic matter in anoxic sediments
Authors: Bone Sharon E. , Dynes James J. , Cliff John , Bargar John R. 
Published: January 2017

Significance
Uranium is an important fuel source and pollutant, and its chemical form determines its reactivity in the environment. However, information on the speciation of tetravalent U [U(IV)] in sediments is lacking. The research presented herein takes a holistic view of U(IV) speciation in a natural material containing microbial cells, organic matter, and minerals. Our work demonstrates unequivocally that U(IV) adsorbs to natural organic matter under anoxic, field-relevant conditions. Furthermore, we put forward a conceptual model that provides a framework for future studies of U biogeochemistry in which postreduction surface complexation processes can be used to predict U(IV) behavior. Our work has ramifications for remediation of U-contaminated sites and also informs in situ mining practices.
Real-time measurement of small molecules directly in awake, ambulatory animals
Authors: Arroyo-Currás Netzahualcóyotl , Somerson Jacob , Vieira Philip A. , Ploense Kyle L. , Kippin Tod E. , Plaxco Kevin W. 
Published: January 2017

Significance
The ability to monitor arbitrary molecules directly in living subjects as they undergo their daily routines remains one of the “holy grails” of bioanalytical chemistry. Such a technology would, for example, vastly improve our knowledge of physiology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology by allowing the high-precision measurement of drugs and metabolites under realistic physiological conditions. Real-time molecular measurements would also provide an unparalleled window into health status (e.g., kidney function) and would facilitate “therapeutic drug monitoring,” in which dosing is personalized to the specific metabolism of each individual patient. Finally, the ability to measure molecules in the body in real time would provide unprecedented new routes by which drugs with dangerously narrow therapeutic windows could be safely and efficiently administered.
Exposure to inequality affects support for redistribution
Authors: Sands Melissa L. 
Published: January 2017

Significance
As the world’s population grows more urban, encounters between members of different socioeconomic groups occur with greater frequency. I provide real-world experimental evidence that exposure to inequality shapes decision-making. By randomly assigning microenvironments of inequality, this study builds on observational research linking the salience of inequality to antisocial behavior, as well as survey experimental evidence connecting perceived inequality to diminished generosity. Specifically, I show that exposure to socioeconomic inequality in an everyday setting negatively affects willingness to publicly support a redistributive economic policy. This study advances our understanding of how environmental factors, such as exposure to racial and economic outgroups, affect human behavior in consequential ways.
Wnt5a is essential for hippocampal dendritic maintenance and spatial learning and memory in adult mice
Authors: Chen Chih-Ming , Orefice Lauren L. , Chiu Shu-Ling , LeGates Tara A. , Hattar Samer , Huganir Richard L. , Zhao Haiqing , Xu Baoji , Kuruvilla Rejji 
Published: January 2017

Significance
The maintenance of neuronal morphology in the adult brain is an understudied area. Here, using tissue-specific deletion in mice, we reveal Wnt5a, a member of the Wnt family of developmental morphogens, as an essential factor for the long-term stability of dendritic architecture in the adult hippocampus. Wnt5a influences synaptic plasticity and related cognitive functions in the mature hippocampus through CaMKII-mediated signaling, Rac1-dependent actin dynamics, and cyclic AMP-responsive element binding-mediated NMDA receptor biosynthesis. In the long-term, Wnt5a-mediated regulation of cytoskeletal signaling and excitatory synaptic transmission is responsible for the maintenance of dendritic arbors and spines in adult CA1 pyramidal neurons. These findings provide insight into the poorly understood structural maintenance mechanisms that exist in the adult brain.
Quality control mechanisms exclude incorrect polymerases from the eukaryotic replication fork
Authors: Schauer Grant D. , O’Donnell Michael E. 
Published: January 2017

Significance
DNA replication is a central life process and is performed by numerous proteins that orchestrate their actions to separate the strands of duplex DNA and produce two new copies of the genome for cell division. While the antiparallel architecture of DNA is elegant in its simplicity, replication of DNA still holds many mysteries. For example, many essential replication proteins still have unknown functions. In eukaryotes the two DNA strands are duplicated by different DNA polymerases. The mechanism by which these different polymerases target to their respective strands is understood. This report examines the mechanisms that eject incorrect polymerases when they associate with the wrong strand.
ZODIACAL EXOPLANETS IN TIME (ZEIT). IV. SEVEN TRANSITING PLANETS IN THE PRAESEPE CLUSTER
Authors: Mann Andrew W. , Gaidos Eric , Vanderburg Andrew , Rizzuto Aaron C. , Ansdell Megan , Medina Jennifer Vanessa , Mace Gregory N. , Kraus Adam L. , Sokal Kimberly R. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
Open clusters and young stellar associations are attractive sites to search for planets and to test theories of planet formation, migration, and evolution. We present our search for, and characterization of, transiting planets in the 800 Myr old Praesepe (Beehive, M44) Cluster from K2 light curves. We identify seven planet candidates, six of which we statistically validate to be real planets, the last of which requires more data. For each host star, we obtain high-resolution NIR spectra to measure its projected rotational broadening and radial velocity, the latter of which we use to confirm cluster membership. We combine low-resolution spectra with the known cluster distance and metallicity to provide precise temperatures, masses, radii, and luminosities for the host stars. Combining our measurements of rotational broadening, rotation periods, and our derived stellar radii, we show that all planetary orbits are consistent with alignment to their host star’s rotation. We fit the K2 light curves, including priors on stellar density to put constraints on the planetary eccentricities, all of which are consistent with zero. The difference between the number of planets found in Praesepe and Hyades (8 planets,

Myr) and a similar data set for Pleiades (0 planets, ≃125 Myr) suggests a trend with age, but may be due to incompleteness of current search pipelines for younger, faster-rotating stars. We see increasing evidence that some planets continue to lose atmosphere past 800 Myr, as now two planets at this age have radii significantly larger than their older counterparts from Kepler.
KEPLER TRANSIT DEPTHS CONTAMINATED BY A PHANTOM STAR
Authors: Dalba Paul A. , Muirhead Philip S. , Croll Bryce , Kempton Eliza M.-R. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
We present ground-based observations from the Discovery Channel Telescope (DCT) of three transits of Kepler-445c—a supposed super-Earth exoplanet with properties resembling GJ 1214b—and demonstrate that the transit depth is ∼50% shallower than the depth previously inferred from Kepler spacecraft data. The resulting decrease in planetary radius significantly alters the interpretation of the exoplanet’s bulk composition. Despite the faintness of the M4 dwarf host star, our ground-based photometry clearly recovers each transit and achieves repeatable 1σ precision of ∼0.2% (2 millimags). The transit parameters estimated from the DCT data are discrepant with those inferred from the Kepler data to at least 17σ confidence. This inconsistency is due to a subtle miscalculation of the stellar crowding metric during the Kepler pre-search data conditioning (PDC). The crowding metric, or CROWDSAP, is contaminated by a non-existent phantom star originating in the USNO-B1 catalog and inherited by the Kepler Input Catalog (KIC). Phantom stars in the KIC are likely rare, but they have the potential to affect statistical studies of Kepler targets that use the PDC transit depths for a large number of exoplanets where an individual follow-up observation of each is not possible. The miscalculation of Kepler-445c’s transit depth emphasizes the importance of stellar crowding in the Kepler data, and provides a cautionary tale for the analysis of data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, which will have even larger pixels than Kepler.
Geographic Expansion of Lyme Disease in Michigan, 2000–2014
Authors: Lantos Paul M. , Tsao Jean , Nigrovic Lise E. , Auwaerter Paul G. , Fowler Vance G. , Ruffin Felicia , Foster Erik , Hickling Graham 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundMost Lyme disease cases in the Midwestern United States are reported in Minnesota and Wisconsin. In recent years, however, a widening geographic extent of Lyme disease has been noted with evidence of expansion eastwards into Michigan and neighboring states with historically low incidence rates.MethodsWe collected confirmed and probable cases of Lyme disease from 2000 through 2014 from the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, entering them in a geographic information system. We performed spatial focal cluster analyses to characterize Lyme disease expansion. We compared the distribution of human cases with recent Ixodes scapularis tick distribution studies.ResultsLyme disease cases in both the Upper and Lower Peninsulas of Michigan expanded more than 5-fold over the study period. Although increases were seen throughout the Upper Peninsula, the Lower Peninsula particularly expanded along the Indiana border north along the eastern shore of Lake Michigan. Human cases corresponded to a simultaneous expansion in established I scapularis tick populations.ConclusionsThe geographic distribution of Lyme disease cases significantly expanded in Michigan between 2000 and 2014, particularly northward along the Lake Michigan shore. If such dynamic trends continue, Michigan—and possibly neighboring areas of Indiana, Ohio, and Ontario, Canada—can expect a continued increase in Lyme disease cases.