bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A conservation assessment of Canada's boreal forest incorporating alternate climate change scenarios
Authors: Powers Ryan P. , Coops Nicholas C. , Tulloch Vivitskaia J. , Gergel Sarah E. , Nelson Trisalyn A. , Wulder Michael A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractEcologically based strategies for climate change adaptation can be constructively integrated into a terrestrial conservation assessment for Canada's boreal forest, one of Earth's largest remaining wilderness areas. Identifying solutions that minimize variability in projected vegetation productivity may represent a less risky conservation investment by reducing the amount of anticipated environmental change. In this study, we assessed hypothetical protected area networks designed for future vegetation variability under a range of different climate conditions to provide relevant recommendations of conservation requirements that support ongoing boreal conservation and land‐use planning. We constructed a boreal conservation assessment using both a conventional (Marxan) and a new probabilistic site‐selection approach (Marxan with probability) with projected 2080 vegetation variability probability (VVP) for least change (B1), business as usual (A1B) and most extreme change (A2) climate scenarios. We then assessed (1) reserve network performance (cost and area), (2) high conservation priority areas and (3) the influence and implications of VVP on reserve networks. We found that including VVP dramatically increased the relative cost and total area of reserve networks. Many low‐cost sites with high VVP values were given higher conservation priority over fewer sites with low VVP values. Reserve networks designed for A1B and A2 climate scenarios contained more sites with very high VVP values. The ratio of sites with high and very high VVP values changes dramatically for reserve networks designed for current and least change (B1) climate scenarios when under more severe A1B and A2 conditions. We conclude that introducing additional complexity and realism into national or boreal‐wide conservation assessments, that include, for example, elements of climate change, will increase the total area and cost of a reserve network. Moreover, reserve networks designed for current or least change (B1) climate scenarios will likely not achieve conservation targets when faced with more severe conditions, and will require additional sites. The adaptive strategies presented are well suited for a boreal conservation assessment and may improve long‐term effectiveness of biodiversity conservation objectives.
Diabetes awareness, treatment, control rates and associated risk factors among Beijing residents in 2011: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Feng Bao‐Yu , Huang Chen , Cao Jie , Dong Zhong , Liu Fang‐Chao , Ji Li‐Nong , Yang Jin‐Kui , Li Gang , Li Jian‐Xin , Yang Xue‐Li , Xie Jin , Fang Kai , Huang Jian‐Feng , Gu Dong‐Feng 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the awareness, treatment and control rates of diabetes and identify their associated risk factors among Beijing residents.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted in 2011, using a stratified multistage cluster random sampling method to select a representative sample of 20,242 residents in Beijing aged 18–79 years. Diabetes was defined as fasting blood glucose (FBG) ≥7.0 mmol/L and/or history of diabetes and/or using insulin or hypoglycemic agents. All estimates of awareness, treatment and control rates were weighted by the 2010 Beijing Population Census data and the sampling scheme. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with awareness, treatment and control rates.ResultsA total of 2061 (10.3%) participants were diagnosed as diabetes. The overall awareness, treatment and control rate among patients were 60.9%, 51.3% and 22.4%, respectively, while overall control rate among treated patients was 33.8%. These rates differed across subgroups. Women were more likely to be aware of diabetes status, receive treatment and have better glucose controlled than men (69.5% vs. 54.7% for awareness, 61.0% vs. 44.3% for treatment, and 27.6% vs. 18.6% for control, respectively). In addition, only 22.2% of treated patients had both FBG and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) controlled well. Multivariate Logistic regression suggested that old age, women, higher education and family history of diabetes were associated with higher awareness, treatment and control rates (All P < 0.05). Treated individuals living in rural (OR = 0.67(95%CI: 0.47–0.96)) or with dyslipidemia (OR = 0.63 (95%CI: 0.44–0.91)) had a lower diabetic control rate.ConclusionsAwareness, treatment and control rates of diabetes in Beijing were still low. A comprehensive intervention strategy on diabetes management and control is warranted.
Trend forecasting: Collecting the history of the future
Authors: Ballmer Amy , Tobias Jennifer 
Published: December 2016

How do art and design libraries collect the history of the future? Trend forecasting literature presents exactly that challenge. These multifaceted print and digital publications, issued regularly and expensively by a handful of companies, are held by few libraries even as they influence everything from womenswear to computer games. We examine how libraries collect these materials and consider their role in the broader information landscape.First, we historically situate forecasting, looking to origins in colour charts, trade catalogues and international communications. Next, we look at the post-war institutionalization of trend forecasting, describing its role in the consolidation of a consumer-oriented supply chain.With the Fashion Institute of Technology as the case study, we then examine forecasting in context: how faculty incorporate it into pedagogy, how students engage with the materials and how librarians integrate critical thinking and information literacy into instruction. Practical matters such as cost, housing, long-term archiving and access are also addressed.We conclude with a forecast of forecasting, examining its move to digital formats and the challenge of meeting pedagogical needs that are at once rigorous (as accreditation demands) and creative (as schools promise), reflecting the mash-up wonder of today's fashion discourse.
SIMPLE CONTINUITY INEQUALITIES FOR RUIN PROBABILITY IN THE CLASSICAL RISK MODEL-CORRIGENDUM
Authors: Gordienko Evgueni , Vázquez-Ortega Patricia 
Published: December 2016

In Gordienko and Vázquez-Ortega (2016) page 801, the following reference was listed incorrectly: Yu, M.A. (2005) Sensitivity and convergence of uniformly ergodic Markov chains. Journal of Applied Probabilities, 42, 1003–1014. It should have instead been listed as: Mitrophanov, A. Yu. (2005) Sensitivity and convergence of uniformly ergodic Markov chains. Journal of Applied Probability, 42, 1003–1014.We sincerely regret the error and any problems that have resulted for the authors and readers.
Positive correlation between regional emergency medical resources and
mortality in severely injured patients: results from the Korean National Hospital
Discharge In-depth Survey
Authors: Lee Hyo Jung , Ju Yeong Jun , Park Eun-Cheol 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Objectives
In South Korea, injury is a public health problem due to its high
incidence and high mortality. To improve emergency medical systems, the
government announced plans to increase the emergency medical resources for each
region. This study investigated the association between regional emergency
medical resources and mortality during hospitalization in severely injured
inpatients.

Methods
To analyse mortality for severely injured inpatients, we used the Korean
National Hospital Discharge In-depth Survey data, consisting of 18,621
hospitalizations from 2005-2012. Generalized estimating equations were analysed
to examine the association between mortality during hospitalization and both
individual and regional variables.

Results
Mortality during hospitalization occurred in 913 (4.9%) cases. Patients in
regions with a higher number of emergency departments (odds ratio [OR]=0.94,
95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.91-0.98), a higher number of ambulances
(OR=0.99, 95% CI: 0.98-0.99), and a higher number of registered nurses per
emergency department (OR=0.88, 95% CI: 0.83-0.94) had a lower risk of mortality
during hospitalization.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that regional emergency medical resources are
associated with a lower risk of mortality during hospitalization in severely
injured patients. Thus, health care policymakers need to determine the proper
distribution of emergency medical resources for each region and the function of
emergency departments to provide a superior quality of emergency medical
services to patients.
On the threshold for wave breaking of two-dimensional deep water wave groups in the absence and presence of wind
Authors: Saket Arvin , Peirson William L. , Banner Michael L. , Barthelemy Xavier , Allis Michael J. 
Published: December 2016

The threshold for the onset of breaking proposed by Barthelemy et al. (arXiv:1508.06002v1, 2015) has been investigated in the laboratory for unidirectional wave groups in deep water and extended to include different classes of wave groups and moderate wind forcing. Thermal image velocimetry was used to compare measurements of the wave crest point (maximum elevation and also the point of maximum) surface water particle velocity ($U_{s}$) with the wave crest point speed ($C$) determined by an array of closely spaced wave gauges. The crest point surface energy flux ratio$B_{x}=U_{s}/C$that distinguishes maximum recurrence from marginal breaking was found to be$0.840\pm 0.016$. Increasing wind forcing from zero to$U_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}/4}/C_{0}=1.42$systematically increased this threshold by 2 %. Increasing the spectral bandwidth (decreasing the Benjamin–Feir index from 0.39 to 0.31) systematically reduced the threshold by 1.5 %.
DECIDABILITY OF MODULES OVER A BÉZOUT DOMAIN
D+XQ[X] WITH
D A PRINCIPAL IDEAL DOMAIN AND Q ITS FIELD
OF FRACTIONS
Authors: PUNINSKI GENA , TOFFALORI CARLO 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
We describe the Ziegler spectrum of a Bézout domain
B=D+XQ[X] where
D is a principal ideal domain and Q is its
field of fractions; in particular we compute the Cantor–Bendixson rank of
this space. Using this, we prove the decidability of the theory of
B-modules when D is
“sufficiently” recursive.
Host–microbiome interactions in human type 2 diabetes following prebiotic fibre (galacto-oligosaccharide) intake
Authors: Pedersen Camilla , Gallagher Edith , Horton Felicity , Ellis Richard J. , Ijaz Umer Z. , Wu Huihai , Jaiyeola Etana , Diribe Onyinye , Duparc Thibaut , Cani Patrice D. , Gibson Glenn R. , Hinton Paul , Wright John , La Ragione Roberto , Robertson M. Denise 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAberrant microbiota composition and function have been linked to several pathologies, including type 2 diabetes. In animal models, prebiotics induce favourable changes in the intestinal microbiota, intestinal permeability (IP) and endotoxaemia, which are linked to concurrent improvement in glucose tolerance. This is the first study to investigate the link between IP, glucose tolerance and intestinal bacteria in human type 2 diabetes. In all, twenty-nine men with well-controlled type 2 diabetes were randomised to a prebiotic (galacto-oligosaccharide mixture) or placebo (maltodextrin) supplement (5·5 g/d for 12 weeks). Intestinal microbial community structure, IP, endotoxaemia, inflammatory markers and glucose tolerance were assessed at baseline and post intervention. IP was estimated by the urinary recovery of oral51Cr-EDTA and glucose tolerance by insulin-modified intravenous glucose tolerance test. Intestinal microbial community analysis was performed by high-throughput next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons and quantitative PCR. Prebiotic fibre supplementation had no significant effects on clinical outcomes or bacterial abundances compared with placebo; however, changes in the bacterial family Veillonellaceae correlated inversely with changes in glucose response and IL-6 levels (r−0·90,P=0·042 for both) following prebiotic intake. The absence of significant changes to the microbial community structure at a prebiotic dosage/length of supplementation shown to be effective in healthy individuals is an important finding. We propose that concurrent metformin treatment and the high heterogeneity of human type 2 diabetes may have played a significant role. The current study does not provide evidence for the role of prebiotics in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Partnerships in Military Interventions and the Canadian Public
Authors: McLauchlin Theodore 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDo Canadians’ preferences for Canada's role in the world depend on who Canada acts with and not just what Canada does? This question is particularly important in the context of overseas military intervention, which Canada never undertakes on its own. This paper presents a survey experiment measuring how support for a hypothetical peace operation changes with the leader of the mission. Missions led by the United Nations and by Canada's European allies receive more support than American-led missions do, especially among respondents who also favour peace operations for substantive reasons. The finding suggests that the UN and the European connection are alternative ways for a mission to benefit from a preference for multilateralism. While the results confirm some tension between American-led missions and internationalism, European partnerships may offer a way of reconciling an interest in alliances with the internationalist Canadian public.
Cloning in C*-Algebras
Authors: Kaniowski Krzysztof , Lubnauer Katarzyna , Łuczak Andrzej 
Published: December 2016

AbstractCloneable sets of states in C*-algebras are characterized in terms of strong orthogonality of states. Moreover, the relation between strong cloning and distinguishability of states is investigated together with some additional properties of strong cloning in abelian C*-algebras.
Differential Graded Quivers of Smooth Rational Surfaces
Authors: Bodzenta Agnieszka 
Published: December 2016

AbstractLetXbe a smooth rational surface. We calculate a differential graded (DG) quiver of a full exceptional collection of line bundles onXobtained by an augmentation from a strong exceptional collection on the minimal model ofX. In particular, we calculate canonical DG algebras of smooth toric surfaces.
The Economic Origins of the Territorial State
Authors: Abramson Scott F 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis paper challenges the long-standing belief that changes in patterns of war and war making caused the emergence of large territorial states. Using new data describing the universe of European states between 1100 and 1790, I find that small political units continued to thrive well into the “age of the territorial state.” Some scholars have argued that changes in the production of violence led to the dominance of geographically large political units during this era. In contrast, I find evidence that variation in patterns of economic development and urban growth caused fragmented political authority in some places and the construction of geographically large territorial states in others. Exploiting random climatic deviations in the propensity of certain geographical areas to support large populations, I show via an instrumental-variables approach that the emergence of towns and cities caused the formation of small and independent states.
Helminth parasites of finfish commercial aquaculture in Latin America
Authors: Soler-Jiménez L.C. , Paredes-Trujillo A.I. , Vidal-Martínez V.M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractLatin America has tripled production by aquaculture up to 78 million tonnes in the past 20 years. However, one of the problems that aquaculture is facing is the presence of helminth parasites and the diseases caused by them in the region. In this review we have collected all the available information on helminths affecting commercial aquaculture in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), emphasizing those causing serious economic losses. Monogeneans are by far the most common and aggressive parasites affecting farmed fish in LAC. They have been recognized as serious pathogens in intensive fish culture because they reach high levels of infection rapidly, and can infect other phylogenetically related fish species. The next most important group comprises the larval stages of digeneans (metacercariae) such asDiplostomumsp. andCentrocestus formosanus, which cause serious damage to farmed fish. Since LAC aquaculture has been based mainly on exotic species (tilapia, salmon, trout and carp), most of their parasites have been brought into the region together with the fish for aquaculture. Recently, one of us (A.I.P.-T.) has suggested that monogeneans, which have generally been considered to be harmless, can produce serious effects on the growth of cultured Nile tilapia. Therefore, the introduction of fish together with their ‘harmless’ parasites into new sites, regions or countries in LAC should be considered a breakdown of biosecurity in those countries involved. Therefore, the application of quarantine procedures and preventive therapeutic treatments should be considered before allowing these introductions into a country.
An appraisal of the taxonomy and nomenclature of trypanosomatids presently classified as Leishmania and Endotrypanum
Authors: ESPINOSA O. A. , SERRANO M. G. , CAMARGO E. P. , TEIXEIRA M. M. G. , SHAW J. J. 
Published: December 2016

SUMMARYWe propose a taxonomic revision of the dixenous trypanosomatids currently classified as Endotrypanum and Leishmania, including parasites that do not fall within the subgenera L. (Leishmania) and L. (Viannia) related to human leishmaniasis or L. (Sauroleishmania) formed by leishmanias of lizards: L. colombiensis, L. equatorensis, L. herreri, L. hertigi, L. deanei, L. enriettii and L. martiniquensis. The comparison of these species with newly characterized isolates from sloths, porcupines and phlebotomines from central and South America unveiled new genera and subgenera supported by past (RNA PolII gene) and present (V7V8 SSU rRNA, Hsp70 and gGAPDH) phylogenetic analyses of the organisms. The genus Endotrypanum is restricted to Central and South America, comprising isolates from sloths and transmitted by phlebotomines that sporadically infect humans. This genus is the closest to the new genus Porcisia proposed to accommodate the Neotropical porcupine parasites originally described as L. hertigi and L. deanei. A new subgenus Leishmania (Mundinia) is created for the L. enriettii complex that includes L. martiniquensis. The new genus Zelonia harbours trypanosomatids from Neotropical hemipterans placed at the edge of the Leishmania–Endotrypanum-Porcisia clade. Finally, attention is drawn to the status of L. siamensis and L. australiensis as nomem nudums.
Leishmaniasis and various immunotherapeutic approaches
Authors: TASLIMI Y. , ZAHEDIFARD F. , RAFATI S. 
Published: December 2016

SUMMARYLeishmaniasis is a vector-borne infectious disease caused by multipleLeishmania(L.) species with diverse clinical manifestations. There is currently no vaccine against any form of the disease approved in humans, and chemotherapy is the sole approach for treatment. Unfortunately, treatment options are limited to a small number of drugs, partly due to high cost and significant adverse effects. The other obstacle in leishmaniasis treatment is the potential for drug resistance, which has been observed in multiple endemic countries. Immunotherapy maybe another important avenue for controlling leishmaniasis and could help patients control the disease. There are different approaches for immunotherapy in different infectious diseases, generally with low-cost, limited side-effects and no possibility to developing resistance. In this paper, different immunotherapy approaches as alternatives to routine drug treatment will be reviewed against leishmaniasis.
A collaborative model of petitionary prayer
Authors: DI MUZIO GIANLUCA 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPetitionary prayer appears pointless in light of divine attributes like omniscience, omnipotence, and omnibenevolence. Several philosophers have attempted to reinstate the significance of petitionary prayer by drawing attention to its indirect benefits. The article analyses the shortcomings in this strategy and defends a different solution to the difficulty. Conceiving of God as motivated by the desire to form a loving partnership with human beings allows one to formulate a collaborative account of petitionary prayer. On this model, God freely chooses to accede to some human requests in order to incorporate human desires and projects into His plan for the world.
The metaphysics of belief: a Wittgenstein and Collingwood convergence
Authors: GILMAN JAMES E. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn this article I make plausible ‘a metaphysics of belief’ by showing how Collingwood's metaphysics of absolute presuppositions helps us understand various comments and fragments by Wittgenstein regarding ‘the metaphysical subject’. For both, metaphysical beliefs are presuppositional; as such, they constitute twin foci – a terminus ad quem and a terminus a quo – without which the activity of thinking rationally, scientifically, and morally is impossible. Finally, although for both philosophers metaphysical beliefs are not susceptible to conventional modes of explanation, justification, and verification, both seem to suggest in various ways that metaphysical beliefs are nevertheless susceptible to a certain kind of ‘practical’ justification.
The progression of coeliac disease: its neurological and psychiatric implications
Authors: Campagna Giovanna , Pesce Mirko , Tatangelo Raffaella , Rizzuto Alessia , La Fratta Irene , Grilli Alfredo 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe aim of the paper is to show the various neurological and psychiatric symptoms in coeliac disease (CD). CD is a T cell-mediated, tissue-specific autoimmune disease which affects genetically susceptible individuals after dietary exposure to proline- and glutamine-rich proteins contained in certain cereal grains. Genetics, environmental factors and different immune systems, together with the presence of auto-antigens, are taken into account when identifying the pathogenesis of CD. CD pathogenesis is related to immune dysregulation, which involves the gastrointestinal system, and the extra-intestinal systems such as the nervous system, whose neurological symptoms are evidenced in CD patients. A gluten-free diet (GFD) could avoid cerebellar ataxia, epilepsy, neuropathies, migraine and mild cognitive impairment. Furthermore, untreated CD patients have more symptoms and psychiatric co-morbidities than those treated with a GFD. Common psychiatric symptoms in untreated CD adult patients include depression, apathy, anxiety, and irritability and schizophrenia is also common in untreated CD. Several studies show improvement in psychiatric symptoms after the start of a GFD. The present review discusses the state of the art regarding neurological and psychiatric complications in CD and highlights the evidence supporting a role for GFD in reducing neurological and psychiatric complications.