bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of computer-assisted planning and manual planning for depth electrode implantations in epilepsy
Authors: Nowell Mark , Sparks Rachel , Zombori Gergely , Miserocchi Anna , Rodionov Roman , Diehl Beate , Wehner Tim , Baio Gianluca , Trevisi Gianluca , Tisdall Martin , Ourselin Sebastien , McEvoy Andrew W. , Duncan John 
Published: December 2015

OBJECT
The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility of multitrajectory computer-assisted planning software (CAP) to plan stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) electrode arrangements.

METHODS
A cohort of 18 patients underwent SEEG for evaluation of epilepsy at a single center between August 2013 and August 2014. Planning of electrodes was performed manually and stored using EpiNav software. CAP was developed as a planning tool in EpiNav. The user preselects a set of cerebral targets and optimized trajectory constraints, and then runs an automated search of potential scalp entry points and associated trajectories. Each trajectory is associated with metrics for a safety profile, derived from the minimal distance to vascular structures, and an efficacy profile, derived from the proportion of depth electrodes that are within or adjacent to gray matter. CAP was applied to the cerebral targets used in the cohort of 18 previous manually planned implantations to generate new multitrajectory implantation plans. A comparison was then undertaken for trajectory safety and efficacy.

RESULTS
CAP was applied to 166 electrode targets in 18 patients. There were significant improvements in both the safety profile and efficacy profile of trajectories generated by CAP compared with manual planning (p < 0.05). Three independent neurosurgeons assessed the feasibility of the trajectories generated by CAP, with 131 (78.9%) of 166 trajectories deemed suitable for implementation in clinical practice. CAP was performed in real time, with a median duration of 8 minutes for each patient, although this does not include the time taken for data preparation.

CONCLUSIONS
CAP is a promising tool to plan SEEG implantations. CAP provides feasible depth electrode arrangements, with quantitatively greater safety and efficacy profiles, and with a substantial reduction in duration of planning within the 3D multimodality framework.
Phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging reveals net retrograde aqueductal flow in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
Authors: Ringstad Geir , Emblem Kyrre Eeg , Eide Per Kristian 
Published: December 2015

OBJECT
The objective of this study was to assess the net aqueductal stroke volume (ASV) and CSF aqueductal flow rate derived from phase-contrast MRI (PC-MRI) in patients with probable idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) before and after ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery, and to compare observations with intracranial pressure (ICP) scores.

METHODS
PC-MRI at the level of the sylvian aqueduct was undertaken in patients undergoing assessment for probable iNPH. Aqueductal flow in the craniocaudal direction was defined as positive, or antegrade flow, and net ASV was calculated by subtracting retrograde from antegrade aqueductal flow. Aqueductal flow rate per minute was calculated by multiplying net ASV by heart rate. During the same hospital admission, clinical examination was performed using NPH score and overnight continuous ICP monitoring. Twelve patients were followed prospectively 12 months after shunt placement with clinical assessment and a second PC-MRI. The study also included 2 healthy controls.

RESULTS
Among 21 patients examined for iNPH, 17 (81%) received a shunt (shunt group), and 4 were treated conservatively (conservative group). Among the patients with shunts, a clinical improvement was observed in 16 (94%) of the 17. Net ASV was negative in 16 (76%) of 21 patients before shunt placement and in 5 (42%) of 12 patients after shunt placement, and increased from a median of −5 μl (range −175 to 27 μl) to a median of 1 μl (range −61 to 30 μl; p = 0.04). Among the 12 patients with PC-MRI after shunt placement, 11 were shunt responders, and in 9 of these 11 either a reduced magnitude of retrograde aqueductal flow, or a complete reversal from retrograde to antegrade flow, occurred. Net ASV was significantly lower in the shunt group than in the conservative group (p = 0.01). The aqueductal flow rate increased from −0.56 ml/min (range −12.78 to 0.58 ml/min) to 0.06 ml/min (range −4.51 to 1.93 ml/min; p = 0.04) after shunt placement.

CONCLUSIONS
In this cohort of patients with iNPH, retrograde net aqueductal flow was observed in 16 (76%) of 21 patients. It was reversed toward the antegrade direction after shunt placement either by magnitude or completely in 9 (75%) of 12 patients examined using PC-MRI both before and after shunt placement (p = 0.04); 11 of the 12 were shunt responders. The study results question previously established concepts with respect to both CSF circulation pathways and CSF formation rate.
Risk factors for worsened muscle strength after the surgical treatment of arteriovenous malformations of the eloquent motor area
Authors: Lin Fuxin , Zhao Bing , Wu Jun , Wang Lijun , Jin Zhen , Cao Yong , Wang Shuo 
Published: December 2015

OBJECT
Case selection for the surgical treatment of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the eloquent motor area remains challenging. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors for worsened muscle strength after surgery in patients with this disorder.

METHODS
At their hospital the authors retrospectively studied 48 consecutive patients with AVMs involving motor cortex and/or the descending pathway. All patients had undergone preoperative functional MRI (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), followed by resection. Both functional and angioarchitectural factors were analyzed with respect to the change in muscle strength. Functional factors included lesion-to-corticospinal tract distance (LCD) on DTI and lesion-to-activation area distance (LAD) and cortical reorganization on fMRI. Based on preoperative muscle strength, the changes in muscle strength at 1 week and 6 months after surgery were defined as short-term and long-term surgical outcomes, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using the statistical package SPSS (version 20.0.0, IBM Corp.).

RESULTS
Twenty-one patients (43.8%) had worsened muscle strength 1 week after surgery. However, only 10 patients (20.8%) suffered from muscle strength worsening 6 months after surgery. The LCD was significantly correlated with short-term (p < 0.001) and long-term (p < 0.001) surgical outcomes. For long-term outcomes, patients in the 5 mm ≥ LCD > 0 mm (p = 0.009) and LCD > 5 mm (p < 0.001) categories were significantly associated with a lower risk of permanent motor worsening in comparison with patients in the LCD = 0 mm group. No significant difference was found between patients in the 5 mm ≥ LCD > 0 mm group and LCD > 5 mm group (p = 0.116). Nidus size was the other significant predictor of short-term (p = 0.021) and long-term (p = 0.016) outcomes. For long-term outcomes, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.728, and the cutoff point was 3.6 cm. Spetzler-Martin grade was not associated with short-term surgical outcomes (0.143), although it was correlated with long-term outcomes (0.038).

CONCLUSIONS
An AVM with a nidus in contact with tracked eloquent fibers (LCD = 0) and having a large size is more likely to be associated with worsened muscle strength after surgery in patients with eloquent motor area AVMs. Surgical treatment in these patients should be carefully considered. In patients with an LCD > 5 mm, radical resection may be considered to eliminate the risk of hemorrhage.
A biomechanical comparison of 3 different posterior fixation techniques for 2-level lumbar spinal disorders
Authors: Liu Fubing , Feng Zhenzhou , Liu Tianze , Fei Qinming , Jiang Chun , Li Yuanchao , Jiang Xiaoxing , Dong Jian 
Published: December 2015

OBJECT
This study sought to make a biomechanical comparison of 3 different posterior fixation techniques for 2-level lumbar spinal disorders.

METHODS
Eight fresh-frozen human cadaver lumbar spines (4 from L-1 to L-5, 4 from L-1 to S-1) were tested by applying pure moments of ± 8 Nm. Each specimen was first tested intact, and then the left facetectomies of L3–4 and L4–5 were performed to establish an unstable condition without removal of discs. Three instrumentation systems were then tested randomly: unilateral pedicle screw (UPS), UPS with contralateral translaminar facet screw (UPSFS), and bilateral pedicle screw (BPS). The range of motion (ROM) and the neutral zone (NZ) of L3–5 were measured.

RESULTS
All fixation types could reduce the ROM of L3–5 significantly in flexion, extension, and lateral bending, compared with the intact state. In axial torsion, only BPS reduced the ROM significantly, compared with the intact state. The UPSFS technique provided intermediate stability, which was superior to the UPS in flexion-extension and lateral bending, and inferior to the BPS in lateral bending. Compared with the intact state, the NZs decreased significantly for UPS, UPSFS, and BPS in flexion-extension, while not significantly in lateral bending and axial torsion.

CONCLUSIONS
In this study, among the 3 fixation techniques, BPS offered the highest stability, UPSFS provided intermediate stability, and UPS was the least stable for 2-level lumbar spinal disorders. UPSFS appeared to be able to offer a less invasive choice than BPS in well-selected patients with 2-level lumbar spinal disorders.
La défense sociale pour les aliénés délinquants en Belgique : le soin comme légitimation d’un dispositif de contrôle ?
Authors: Cartuyvels Yves , Cliquennois Gaëtan 
Published: December 2015

La Belgique connaît depuis 1930 un régime légal spécifique de prise en charge des “aliénés délinquants”. Fruit d’un compromis entre partisans de l’école néo-classique et promoteurs de la criminologie positiviste, la loi de défense sociale de 1930 vient compléter le Code pénal belge de 1867 et organise, à ses marges, un régime d’internement à durée indéterminée pour ces « anormaux » qui comptent parmi les figures de la dangerosité à l’époque. L’article se propose de revenir sur les origines de cette loi, son contenu et ses évolutions (y compris toutes récentes), dans une perspective de la longue durée. Cette approche permet de souligner les continuités et discontinuités dans le traitement pénal de la folie criminelle et de la dangerosité qui lui est associée sur environ un siècle. Elle est en outre complétée par la présentation de résultats de recherches empiriques récentes consacrées à quelques issues-clés du régime de défense sociale depuis ses débuts : le régime de prise en charge des aliénés délinquants, entre soin et sécurité ; la question de l’évaluation de la dangerosité ou le problème de l’expertise ; la trajectoire des internés délinquants et leur régime de libération, dominés de manière croissante par un paradigme de réduction des risques.
Accuracy of diagnosis of solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas on fine needle aspiration: A multi-institution experience of ten cases
Authors: Jahangir Sidra , Loya Asif , Siddiqui Momin T. , Akhter Noreen , Yusuf Muhammed Aasim 
Published: December 2015

Introduction:Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas (SPTP) is a neoplasm of uncertain origin and indolent biologic behavior with distinctive morphological features occurring predominantly in young women. This tumor has an excellent prognosis compared to neuroendocrine and acinar cell carcinoma, which are close differential diagnoses based on morphology, hence making it crucial to diagnose SPTP correctly.Objectives:To discuss the cytomorphological features of 10 cases of SPTP reported in two institutions and to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology in establishing the diagnosis of SPTP.Methods:Ten diagnosed cases of SPTP were retrieved from the computerized endoscopy and pathology databases of our two tertiary care institutions. Nine patients had subsequent histological follow-up available. Eight patients underwent EUS-FNA while one patient each had ultrasound and computed tomography-guided FNA. The rapid on-site evaluation was carried out in all 10 cases, and additional material was retained for cell block preparation. Immunohistochemical (IHC) stains ranging from synaptophysin, progesterone receptor, chromogranin, β-catenin, CD10, and NSE were applied on cell blocks. Histological sections of all resected specimens were reviewed, and findings were correlated with those obtained by FNA.Results:Adequate material was obtained in all ten cases. IHC stains helped to confirm the cytological impression of SPTP. Histological examination of resection specimens, available in 9/10 cases, confirmed the cytological diagnosis.Conclusions:FNA particularly that obtained with EUS guidance is an effective tool in the accurate diagnosis of SPTP.
Industrias culturales y de la comunicación: Mito y lógica de la creatividad y del empresario innovador
Authors: De Mateo Pérez Rosario 
Published: December 2015

Los discursos de los políticos, de los poderes económicos, de instituciones diversas como la Universidad, e incluso del lenguaje publicitario, y transmitidos por los medios de comunicación, se hacen eco del mantra del emprendedor y la innovación como fórmulas sagradas que, repetidas hasta la saciedad, hagan desaparecer la crisis del sistema económico, político y social en la que está inmerso el mundo globalizado. En este artículo se esclarecen el mito y la lógica de esos conceptos con análisis de caso en las industrias culturales y de comunicación. Metodología – Se ha utilizado el método socrático. Desde 2014, se ha tratado de dar respuesta a todas las dudas, formuladas en su mayor parte en las siguientes preguntas, a partir de la investigación bibliográfica y de hemeroteca: ¿Cuál es el significado de las palabras creatividad e innovación? Si hay varios significados ¿a cuál se refieren los poderes públicos y privados en estos momentos de crisis? ¿Por qué? ¿Cuál es el significado válido? ¿Cómo se puede aplicar al análisis de casos en las industrias culturales y de comunicación? Resultados – Se ha obtenido la suficiente información para mostrar el verdadero significado de los conceptos: Creatividad, innovación, y emprendedores que las lleven a cabo, y que tienen poco que ver con los invocados mayoritariamente por los poderes públicos y privados, manifestados a partir de análisis de casos. Conclusiones – El análisis crítico realizado, ha puesto en tela de juicio las diversas aportaciones teóricas que defienden los procesos mentales extraordinarios, como base de los actos de creación e innovación. Cualquier persona que sepa cómo funciona la industria y las empresas culturales y de comunicación, así como su entorno político, económico y social, puede dar a un problema una solución creativa si lo resuelve con una respuesta no conocida anteriormente. Es decir, se trata de la lógica del emprendedor que crea e innova en alguna de las siete áreas aportadas por Drucker: Lo inesperado; lo incongruente; la innovación basada en la necesidad de un proceso; el ‘desmoronamiento’; cambios en la población; cambios en la percepción y significado; nuevos conocimientos, tanto científicos, como no científicos. En cada uno de esos apartados, se aporta análisis de casos en las industrias culturales y de la comunicación.
Analysis of Unmatched Orthopaedic Residency Applicants: Options After the Match
Authors: Rivero Steven , Ippolito Joseph , Martinez Maximilian , Beebe Kathleen , Benevenia Joseph , Berberian Wayne 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT

Background
Orthopaedic surgery is one of the most competitive specialties, resulting in many applicants going unmatched. Many unmatched applicants pursue a preliminary internship or research fellowship, but whether these activities make them more successful in subsequent match cycles has not been studied.

Objective
To determine the effectiveness of activities during the intervening period on match success in a subsequent cycle.

Methods
After reviewing rank order lists for our program and National Resident Matching Program correspondence from 1994 to 2013, we identified 198 of 1216 ranked applicants (16.3%) who did not initially match. Of these, 57 applicants who matched through the Supplemental Offer and Acceptance Program did not reapply to orthopaedics or trained overseas.

Results
Of 141 reapplicants, 56 matched into orthopaedic surgery, with 87.5% (P &lt; .001) matching at a program in the same region where they had either completed their medical degree or postgraduate year, and 37.5% matching at their home institution (P &lt; .001). Successful reapplicants after a research fellowship had a significantly higher number of publications than unsuccessful reapplicants (P &lt; .05). There was no significant difference in success after research or internship (P = .80) and no significant difference in success rates for US versus international reapplicants (P =  .43).

Conclusions
Success of reapplication into orthopaedic surgery may be less dependent on the route taken during the interim period, and more dependent on developing relationships with faculty at a local or regional institution.
Kinetics Analysis of Pelvis, Thorax, and Bowling Arm in Cricket Bowling
Authors: Ferdinands Rene 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT
In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) dynamics model of the human body was developed to analyze the motion of fast bowling in cricket. Nine fast bowlers (22.4 ± 3.2 years) were selected from high-level regional cricket to bowl a series of balls at a target placed approximately on a ‘good length’ in line with the wickets, while their bowling actions were captured by a 10-camera 240 Hz motion analysis system (Motion Analysis Corp.). Motion analysis data were obtained from the tracked markers on the bowler strategically placed on the body to define a 3D joint coordinate system for each segment. Two Bertec force plates were used to measure the ground reaction forces. The resulting kinematic and force plate data of the fastest ball were fed into a computer model designed using the Mechanical Systems Pack (Wolfram Research, Inc., V. 5.2), a set of Mathematica packages written for the analysis of spatial rigid body mechanisms, implementing a dynamics formulation with Lagrangian multipliers. The computer model gave a 3D representation of the human body as a system of 15 rigid body segments with mass and inertia properties. Inverse solution dynamics were calculated to generalize certain fundamental aspects of the pelvis, thorax and bowling arm during fast bowling.

How to cite this article
Ferdinands R. Kinetics Analysis of Pelvis, Thorax, and Bowling Arm in Cricket Bowling. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2015;49(4):159-163.
Volar Plate Avulsion of Pip Joint: An Unusual Fielding Injury in Cricket
Authors: Prabhakar Sharad , Dhillon Himmat Singh , Syam Kevin , Dhillon Sidak Singh , Dhillon Mandeep Singh 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT
Fielding injuries are the predominant contact injury in cricket, with the fingers taking the blunt of the trauma due to direct hit by the ball while taking catches. Many types of hand and finger injuries like soft tissue contusions, fractures/dislocations and ligament and joint sprains have been observed in this popular team sport. One of the unique kind of hand injuries associated with cricket is the avulsion of the volar plate of the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP). Here, we report this unusual injury in a 24-year-old cricketer, its management and 3-month follow-up along with a review of hand injuries in cricket.

How to cite this article
Prabhakar S, Dhillon HS, Syam K, Dhillon SS, Dhillon MS. Volar Plate Avulsion of Pip Joint; An Unusual Fielding Injury in Cricket. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2015;49(4):209-212.
THERMO-MECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF CYCLICALLY LOADED PARTICLE-REINFORCED ELASTOMER COMPONENTS: EXPERIMENT AND FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATION
Authors: Behnke R. , Kaliske M. , Klüppel M. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT
Elastomer components are often subjected to periodic loading conditions during service. Elastomer parts are used because of their large extensibility and significant damping characteristics, where the latter originate from inelastic material features. Combined with cyclic loading conditions, the inelastic properties of the material yield mechanical energy dissipation, its transformation to thermal energy, and heat buildup in the elastomer component. The experimental and numerical understanding of the thermo-mechanical coupling of elastomers is a prerequisite to predict the temperature rise in elastomer components. In this contribution, experimental and numerical investigations on cyclically loaded dumbbell-shaped elastomer components are addressed. A thermo-mechanical material model representing finite nonlinear viscoelasticity and a temperature- and deformation-dependent heat capacity is used within the finite element method to compute the heat buildup in the dumbbell-shaped elastomer components. The simulation results (surface temperature evolution) for three different loading frequencies are compared with experimental data.
L’identité professionnelle de travailleurs sociaux en devenir : de la formation à la pratique
Authors: Crête Josianne , Pullen Sanfaçon Annie , Marchand Isabelle 
Published: December 2015

La transition de la formation universitaire en service social à la pratique représente un moment important dans le processus de structuration de l’identité professionnelle. L’article présente les résultats issus d’une recherche qualitative longitudinale, qui s’est intéressée à ce processus dans cette période de transition. Selon un cadre interactionniste symbolique, ce processus est modélisé en trois moments qui concernent à tour de rôle : 1) l’acquisition de connaissances et de compétences professionnelles, 2) les enjeux d’autonomie et de reconnaissance professionnelles, et 3) la multiplicité des identités professionnelles en travail social. Par la suite, les résultats sont mis en dialogue avec les écrits scientifiques et, en conclusion, sont identifiées des pistes de réflexion.
The Supreme Court in a Pluralistic World: Four Readings of a Reference
Authors: Glover Kate 
Published: December 2015

Dominant narratives about the institutional life of the Supreme Court of Canada pay too little attention to the empirical and theoretical insights of legal pluralism. They do not say enough about the Court’s place in a world in which the nature and experience of law are often understood without reference to state sources or institutions. As a result, the prevailing narratives do not speak to many social realities, fail to build on rich pluralist critiques of the Court’s jurisprudence, and disregard the aims and promise of doing legal theory.
Relying on the Reference Re Senate Reform as a case study, this article points to shortcomings of contemporary understandings of the Court and proposes a way to overcome them. Part I presents four readings of the Supreme Court’s opinion in the Reference. Each focuses on a different dimension of the case—the doctrinal, the metaphorical, the institutional and the contextual. The readings are an invitation to notice the assumptions embedded in interpretations of the Reference and to explore the larger narratives of which they are a part. Part II takes up that invitation. It shows that the dominant narratives often reflect state-centric traditions of legal theory and impede inquiries into the Court’s place in a legally and institutionally plural world. It then presents a research agenda that maps a route toward filling this gap. Drawing on lessons of legal pluralism, the agenda encourages us to confront what we think we know—and what we tend to ignore—about the morality of the Court’s institutional design, about the Court’s place in Canada’s constitutional imagination, and about the significance of the Court in light of the myriad ways in which we access and pursue justice.