bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of a portable pneumatic captive bolt device as a one-step method of euthanasia for use in depopulation of feedlot cattle
Authors: Derscheid Rachel J. , Dewell Reneé D. , Dewell Grant A. , Kleinhenz Katie E. , Shearer Leslie C. , Gilliam John N. , Reynolds James P. , Sun Yaxuan , Shearer Jan K. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To validate the effectiveness of a penetrating captive bolt device with a built-in low-pressure air channel pithing mechanism (PCBD) as a 1-step method for euthanasia of cattle.
DESIGN Clinical trial.
ANIMALS 66 feedlot steers and heifers (weight, 227 to 500 kg [500 to 1,100 lb]) that were not expected to survive or finish the feeding period with their cohorts.
PROCEDURES Cattle were transported to a university facility and euthanized with the PCBD. For each calf, clinical variables were monitored and recorded immediately before and for at least 10 minutes after application of the PCBD. Following euthanasia, the head of each calf was removed and trauma to the brain and skull was assessed and scored.
RESULTS Death was successfully achieved with the PCBD without application of an ancillary technique in all 66 cattle; however, 4 (6%) cattle required a second or third shot from the PCBD because of technical errors in its placement. All shots from the PCBD that entered the cranial vault successfully rendered cattle unconscious without a return to sensibility.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that the PCBD was an effective 1-step method of euthanasia for use in mass depopulation of feedlot cattle.
The influence of central review on outcome in malignant gliomas of the spinal cord: the CCG-945 experience
Authors: Bouffet Eric , Allen Jeffrey C. , Boyett James M. , Yates Allen , Gilles Floyd , Burger Peter C. , Davis Richard L. , Becker Laurence E. , Pollack Ian F. , Finlay Jonathan L. 
Published: December 2015

OBJECT
The impact of central pathology review on outcome has been described in pediatric patients with high-grade glioma (HGG). The objective of this report was to analyze the impact of the central pathology review on outcome in the subgroup of patients with institutional diagnosis of HGG of the spinal cord enrolled in the Children's Cancer Group 945 cooperative study.

METHODS
Five neuropathologists centrally reviewed the pathology of the 18 patients with HGG of the spinal cord who were enrolled in the study. These reviews were independent, and reviewers were blinded to clinical history and outcomes. A consensus diagnosis was established for each patient, based on the outcome of the review.

RESULTS
Of 18 patients, only 10 were confirmed to have HGG on central review. At a median follow-up of 12 years, event-free and overall survival for all 18 patients was 43.2% ± 13.3% and 50% ± 13.4%, respectively. After central review, 10-year event-free and overall survival for confirmed HGGs and discordant diagnoses was 30% ± 12.5% versus 58.3% ± 18.8% (p = 0.108) and 30% ± 12.5% versus 75% ± 14.2% (p = 0.0757), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
The level of discordant diagnoses in children and adolescents with institutional diagnosis of HGG of the spinal cord was 44% in this experience. However, there was no significant difference in outcome between patients with confirmed and discordant diagnosis. This group of tumor deserves a specific attention in future trials.
Early whole-brain CT perfusion for detection of patients at risk for delayed cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Malinova Vesna , Dolatowski Karoline , Schramm Peter , Moerer Onnen , Rohde Veit , Mielke Dorothee 
Published: December 2015

OBJECT
This prospective study investigated the role of whole-brain CT perfusion (CTP) studies in the identification of patients at risk for delayed ischemic neurological deficits (DIND) and of tissue at risk for delayed cerebral infarction (DCI).

METHODS
Forty-three patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) were included in this study. A CTP study was routinely performed in the early phase (Day 3). The CTP study was repeated in cases of transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD)–measured blood flow velocity (BFV) increase of > 50 cm/sec within 24 hours and/or on Day 7 in patients who were intubated/sedated.

RESULTS
Early CTP studies revealed perfusion deficits in 14 patients, of whom 10 patients (72%) developed DIND, and 6 of these 10 patients (60%) had DCI. Three of the 14 patients (21%) with early perfusion deficits developed DCI without having had DIND, and the remaining patient (7%) had neither DIND nor DCI. There was a statistically significant correlation between early perfusion deficits and occurrence of DIND and DCI (p < 0.0001). A repeated CTP was performed in 8 patients with a TCD–measured BFV increase > 50 cm/sec within 24 hours, revealing a perfusion deficit in 3 of them (38%). Two of the 3 patients (67%) developed DCI without preceding DIND and 1 patient (33%) had DIND without DCI. In 4 of the 7 patients (57%) who were sedated and/or comatose, additional CTP studies on Day 7 showed perfusion deficits. All 4 patients developed DCI.

CONCLUSIONS
Whole-brain CTP on Day 3 after aSAH allows early and reliable identification of patients at risk for DIND and tissue at risk for DCI. Additional CTP investigations, guided by TCD–measured BFV increase or persisting coma, do not contribute to information gain.
A new Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network protocol to reduce cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection
Authors: Kestle John R. W. , Holubkov Richard , Douglas Cochrane D. , Kulkarni Abhaya V. , Limbrick David D. , Luerssen Thomas G. , Jerry Oakes W. , Riva-Cambrin Jay , Rozzelle Curtis , Simon Tamara D. , Walker Marion L. , Wellons John C. , Browd Samuel R. , Drake James M. , Shannon Chevis N. , Tamber Mandeep S. , Whitehead William E. , _ _ 
Published: December 2015

OBJECT
In a previous report by the same research group (Kestle et al., 2011), compliance with an 11-step protocol was shown to reduce CSF shunt infection at Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network (HCRN) centers (from 8.7% to 5.7%). Antibiotic-impregnated catheters (AICs) were not part of the protocol but were used off protocol by some surgeons. The authors therefore began using a new protocol that included AICs in an effort to reduce the infection rate further.

METHODS
The new protocol was implemented at HCRN centers on January 1, 2012, for all shunt procedures (excluding external ventricular drains [EVDs], ventricular reservoirs, and subgaleal shunts). Procedures performed up to September 30, 2013, were included (21 months). Compliance with the protocol and outcome events up to March 30, 2014, were recorded. The definition of infection was unchanged from the authors' previous report.

RESULTS
A total of 1935 procedures were performed on 1670 patients at 8 HCRN centers. The overall infection rate was 6.0% (95% CI 5.1%–7.2%). Procedure-specific infection rates varied (insertion 5.0%, revision 5.4%, insertion after EVD 8.3%, and insertion after treatment of infection 12.6%). Full compliance with the protocol occurred in 77% of procedures. The infection rate was 5.0% after compliant procedures and 8.7% after noncompliant procedures (p = 0.005). The infection rate when using this new protocol (6.0%, 95% CI 5.1%–7.2%) was similar to the infection rate observed using the authors' old protocol (5.7%, 95% CI 4.6%–7.0%).

CONCLUSIONS
CSF shunt procedures performed in compliance with a new infection prevention protocol at HCRN centers had a lower infection rate than noncompliant procedures. Implementation of the new protocol (including AICs) was associated with a 6.0% infection rate, similar to the infection rate of 5.7% from the authors' previously reported protocol. Based on the current data, the role of AICs compared with other infection prevention measures is unclear.
Efficacy of phosphorus-32 brachytherapy without external-beam radiation for long-term tumor control in patients with craniopharyngioma
Authors: Ansari Shaheryar F. , Moore Reilin J. , Boaz Joel C. , Fulkerson Daniel H. 
Published: December 2015

OBJECT
Radioactive phosphorus-32 (P32) has been used as brachytherapy for craniopharyngiomas with the hope of providing local control of enlarging tumor cysts. Brachytherapy has commonly been used as an adjunct to the standard treatment of surgery and external-beam radiation (EBR). Historically, multimodal treatment, including EBR, has shown tumor control rates as high as 70% at 10 years after treatment. However, EBR is associated with significant long-term risks, including visual deficits, endocrine dysfunction, and cognitive decline. Theoretically, brachytherapy may provide focused local radiation that controls or shrinks a symptomatic cyst without exposing the patient to the risks of EBR. For this study, the authors reviewed their experiences with craniopharyngioma patients treated with P32 brachytherapy as the primary treatment without EBR. The authors reviewed these patients' records to evaluate whether this strategy effectively controls tumor growth, thus avoiding the need for further surgery or EBR.

METHODS
The authors performed a retrospective review of pediatric patients treated for craniopharyngioma between 1997 and 2004. This was the time period during which the authors' institution had a relatively high use of P32 for treatment of cystic craniopharyngioma. All patients who had surgery and injection of P32 without EBR were identified. The patient records were analyzed for complications, cyst control, need for further surgery, and need for future EBR.

RESULTS
Thirty-eight patients were treated for craniopharyngioma during the study period. Nine patients (23.7%) were identified who had surgery (resection or biopsy) with P32 brachytherapy but without initial EBR. These 9 patients represented the study group. For 1 patient (11.1%), there was a complication with the brachytherapy procedure. Five patients (55.5%) required subsequent surgery. Seven patients (77.7%) required subsequent EBR for tumor growth. The mean time between the injection of P32 and subsequent treatment was 1.67 ± 1.50 years (mean ± SD).

CONCLUSIONS
In this small but focused population, P32 treatment provided limited local control for cyst growth. Brachytherapy alone did not reliably avert the need for subsequent surgery or EBR.
Implications from Under-reporting at Lifetime, Death Certificate Notifications and Trace-back on the Recorded Incidence of a “Newly” Established Population-based Cancer Registry
Authors: Brenner H. , Holleczek B. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryObjectives: Population-based cancer registries (CRs) are powerful tools for measuring cancer burden and progress against cancer. The study’s objective was to investigate the effects of under-reporting at lifetime, death certificate notifications, and trace-back on the incidence a newly established population-based CR may record during its initial 15 years of operation.Methods: Using cancer data of nine CRs of the SEER programme we performed model calculations to investigate temporal trends of the recorded incidence that might be expected if registration started in 1995 with gradually increasing proportions of cancers reported to the CR. It was assumed that the CR obtains all death certificates providing cancer as the underlying cause of death. Different scenarios with regard to the development of the pro -portions of cancers reported to the CR and the use of trace-back were evaluated.Results: Our model calculations demonstrated that the inclusion of cancers notified from death certificates which were diagnosed prior to the start of registration and which attribute to the incidence estimates of the year of death (‘prevalent’ cases) may compensate under-reporting typically observed right after the start of a CR. The re corded incidence may even be overestimated during the first years of registration, if large amounts of prevalent cancers are notified from death certificates (e.g. overestimation of lung cancer incidence by 8% and 21% in the first year of registration, if the proportions of cases reported were 50% and 70% in that year, overestimation of myeloma incidence still exceeding 5% after eight years of registration, if the proportion of cases reported to the CR had reached 97.5% after six years). Trace-back may effectively reduce the recorded surplus cancer cases.Conclusions: During the initial years of registration, the inclusion of prevalent cancers from death certificates may compensate the higher amount of underreporting right after the start of a CR. Accurate incidence estimates may nevertheless be observed for highly fatal cancers if substantial proportions of cancer cases are missed at lifetime, however apparent incidence trends observed in the initial years of registration need to be interpreted with caution.
PROPERTIES OF THE OPEN CLUSTER TOMBAUGH 1 FROM HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY AND uvbyCaHβ PHOTOMETRY*
Authors: Sales Silva João V. , Carraro Giovanni , Anthony-Twarog Barbara J. , Bidin Christian Moni , Costa Edgardo , Twarog Bruce A. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT
Open clusters can be the key to deepening our knowledge on various issues involving the structure and evolution of the Galactic disk and details of stellar evolution because a cluster’s properties are applicable to all its members. However, the number of open clusters with detailed analysis from high-resolution spectroscopy or precision photometry imposes severe limitations on studies of these objects. To expand the number of open clusters with well-defined chemical abundances and fundamental parameters, we investigate the poorly studied, anticenter open cluster Tombaugh 1. Using precision uvbyCaHβ photometry and high-resolution spectroscopy, we derive the cluster’s reddening, obtain photometric metallicity estimates, and, for the first time, present a detailed abundance analysis of 10 potential cluster stars (nine clump stars and one Cepheid). Using the radial position from the cluster center and multiple color indices, we have isolated a sample of unevolved, probable single-star members of Tombaugh 1. From 51 stars, the cluster reddening is found to be

= 0.221 ± 0.006 or

= 0.303 ± 0.008, where the errors refer to the internal standard errors of the mean. The weighted photometric metallicity from m
1 and hk is [Fe/H] = −0.10 ± 0.02, while a match to the Victoria-Regina Strömgren isochrones leads to an age of 0.95 ± 0.10 Gyr and an apparent modulus of

= 13.10 ± 0.10. Radial velocities identify six giants as probable cluster members, and the elemental abundances of Fe, Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Cr, Ni, Y, Ba, Ce, and Nd have been derived for both the cluster and the field stars. Tombaugh 1 appears to be a typical inner thin disk, intermediate-age open cluster of slightly subsolar metallicity, located just beyond the solar circle, with solar elemental abundance ratios except for the heavy s-process elements, which are a factor of two above solar. Its metallicity is consistent with a steep metallicity gradient in the galactocentric region between 9.5 and 12 kpc. Our study also shows that Cepheid XZ CMa is not a member of Tombaugh 1 and reveals that this Cepheid presents signs of barium enrichment, making it a probable binary star.
The European common good : an economist’s perspective
Authors: Le Cacheux Jacques 
Published: December 2015

La notion de bien commun n’est pas familière pour les économistes, qui utilisent plus volontiers les concepts de biens collectifs ou de « biens club ». Dans le contexte de l’Union européenne, les progrès accomplis en matière d’intégration des marchés et d’unification monétaire ont renforcé les interdépendances entre États membres, rendant ainsi plus impératif le besoin d’institutions communes, pas seulement pour contraindre les gouvernements nationaux à ne pas nuire à leurs partenaires, mais pour pouvoir décider de ce qu’est le bien commun européen, de ce qu’il convient de faire pour le poursuivre, et des actions qu’il requiert. Comme l’a montré la gestion des crises récentes – la Grande récession de 2009, la crise des dettes souveraines entamée en 2010 et la récente crise des migrants --, le traité de Lisbonne n’a pas institué de procédures de prise de décision collective efficaces et le budget européen est aujourd’hui trop rigide, trop restreint et insuffisamment financé pour permettre de faire face aux défis que pose le bien commun européen.
Et les villes dépasseront les nations sur la route de l’innovation
Authors: Cramer Yann 
Published: December 2015

Depuis son apparition il y a environ dix mille ans, l’espace urbain a eu pour vocation de rapprocher les talents de différentes disciplines et de faciliter les échanges commerciaux. Favorisant ainsi à la fois la production d’idées nouvelles et leur accès au marché, les villes ont offert un cadre idéal à l’innovation. Un temps éclipsées par la toute puissance des États-Nations, les villes font aujourd’hui leur grand retour sur la scène de l’innovation, grâce à la conjugaison de plusieurs facteurs : démographique, avec la forte croissance de l’urbanisation ; économique, avec l’essor du circuit court et de l’économie circulaire qui contribuent à une relocalisation partielle de l’économie ; politique, avec le grand retour de la Ville-État ou du moins d’une Ville-Monde qui, de plus en plus, s’affranchit de la tutelle de l’État. Plus petite entité géoéconomique qui puisse prétendre constituer un écosystème cohérent, la Ville se réaffirme comme le lieu privilégié de l’innovation, y compris de l’innovation d’usage à fort pouvoir transformationnel sur la société.
L’Inde, acteur géoéconomique majeur du négoce mondial du riz
Authors: Claverie Benjamin 
Published: December 2015

Initiée dans un objectif national d’autosuffisance alimentaire, la Révolution verte appliquée à la riziculture conduit en quelques décennies à l’insertion de l’Inde dans la mondialisation agricole au moyen d’exportations. Aussi séduisant qu’il soit, ce modèle est aujourd’hui confronté à des questionnements : durabilité économique, sociale et environnementale ; accentuation des inégalités régionales dans les campagnes ; baisse de l’intervention publique ; montée des concurrences internationales et des critiques dans le cadre de l’OMC. Ces évolutions plaident en faveur d’une conversion à la Révolution doublement verte.
Le soja en Argentine : approche géoéconomique d’une filière stratégique mondialisée
Authors: Dubois Stéphane 
Published: December 2015

Depuis les années 1990, l’Argentine a enclenché une course à l’augmentation de sa production de soja. Troisième producteur mondial, elle oriente 96 % de sa récolte sur des marchés extérieurs hautement demandeurs, dont la Chine. Tendant vers la monoculture dans la Pampa, progressant vers des régions agricoles où il était jusque-là inconnu, le soja est aujourd’hui un levier d’organisation du territoire. Pour l’État, le soja est une rente commerciale mais aussi un facteur de fragilité : lobbys de producteurs, firmes transnationales de négoce des grains et investisseurs fonciers malmènent sa souveraineté agricole.
Il ragionamento nel Disturbo Ossessivo-Compulsivo
Authors: Mancini Francesco , Gangemi Amelia 
Published: December 2015

In questo articolo riassumiamo alcuni risultati di un filone di ricerca realizzato nell'ambito della Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva (SPC) Associazione di Psicologia Cognitiva (APC), dedicato principalmente alla spiegazione del disturbo ossessivo compulsivo, vale a dire alla identificazione degli scopi e delle rappresentazioni che regolano la attività ossessivo-compulsiva e in particolare il ragionamento ossessivo. I risultati di queste ricerche si sono rivelati interessanti, però, anche per la spiegazione di alcuni altri problemi della psicologia clinica e della psicologia generale, quali ad esempio la natura del senso di colpa, l'influenza degli stati emotivi ed intenzionali sui processi cognitivi, in particolare dell'influenza della colpa sul ragionamento e sulle decisioni e del contributo di tale influenza al mantenimento della patologia, cioè alla spiegazione del paradosso nevrotico, e infine, i rapporti tra razionalità e patologia.
Returning to the roots. A Comment on the Paper Alliance in Common Factor Land: A View through the Research Lens
Authors: Colli Antonello 
Published: December 2015

In his interesting paper â€œAlliance in Common Factor Land: A View through the Research Lensâ€ Horvath (2011) takes us through the critical aspects of therapeutic alliance researches and the challenges that researchers still have to face. The author discusses several complex issues from the historical background of the construct to the critical aspects of its measurement, and concluding with the proposal of a research agenda. The key topic of Horvathâ€™s (2011) paper is the necessity for a better definition of therapeutic alliance construct, one that would (a) recognize the similarities and differences among the different kinds of therapeutic alliance definitions; and (b) differentiate the components of the therapeutic relationship.Â As Horvath reminds us in his paper, the problem of differentiation between therapeutic alliance and other components of the relationship originates from Greensonâ€™s (1965) tripartition of therapeutic relationship in transference, working alliance, and real relationship.
Dorsal spinal epidural psammomatous meningioma in an adult male
Authors: Pandey Sharad , Singh Kulwant , Sharma Vivek , Ghosh Amrita , Suman Saurabh 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTMeningiomas are benign in nature and arise from the arachnoid cells. They are mostly situated in the intracranial compartment, whereas spinal meningiomas are rare. Approximately, in 10% of cases, an extradural component is seen but an exclusively extradural meningioma is quite uncommon. However, WHO Grade II (atypical) and Grade III (anaplastic) tumors can behave aggressively. We reported a case of purely extradural psammomatous meningioma in an adult male affecting the dorsal spine although uncommon meningiomas should be included in the differential diagnosis of extradural intraspinal masses.
Down syndrome in tribal population in India: A field observation
Authors: Lakhan Ram , Kishore Madhavaram Thomas 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT
Context: Down syndrome (DS) is a prevalent genetic disorder in intellectual disability (ID) in India. Its prevalence in tribal population is not known. Aims: The study aimed to understand the profile of DS in a tribal population with an objective of finding the prevalence of DS among those with ID. Settings and Design: This is a community-based study with a survey design. Subjects and Methods: A door-to-door survey was conducted by trained, community-based rehabilitation workers under close supervision of multidisciplinary team to identify people with ID. A standardized screening instrument National Institute for Mentally Handicapped-Developmental Screening Schedule was used in the survey. All identified ID cases were evaluated by therapists in IDs for diagnosis of ID on developmental screening test and Vineland social maturity scale. Clinical examination was performed by medical doctors for DS on people identified as ID. Only two parents brought their children for further lab investigations at Ashagram Trust, Barwani. Statistical Analysis Used: Descriptive statistics was applied manually to treat the data. Results: The frequency of DS population in tribal population closely matches with DS prevalence in the USA. Mothers of DS children in the tribal community are relatively younger. Conclusion: Prevalence of DS in tribal population of India may greatly vary with that of the US data, but it is markedly associated with younger maternal age. Further studies are needed for prevalence and identification of potential correlates of this condition.