bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation Between Resilience with Aggression and Hostility in University Students
Authors: Mojrian F. , Homayouni A. , Rahmedani Z. , Alizadeh M. 
Published: June 2017

Resilience as a capacity to withstand stress and calamity is one of the important components of mental health and aggressive is a negative behaviour that can threaten human health. So, the purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between resilience with aggression and hostility in university students. The research method is correlation, 155 university students were selected by convenience sampling method and responded to Corner & Davidson resilience questionnaires and Boos & Perry aggression and hostility questionnaire. The data were analysed by correlation formula. The results showed that there is a significant and negative correlation between resilience with aggression and hostility, which means when the score of resilience is high, people's aggression and hostility decreases. Therefore, it is recommended to increase the resilience of people by specific teaching programs to reduce the basis of aggression and hostility.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
IECs, Drug Trials and Regulators–the Hounds Barking up the Wrong Tree
Authors: Nagpal R. , Jhanwar V.G. , Mital A.K. , Warrier E.M.D. 
Published: June 2017

As India hurtles on into the 21st century with dizzying speed, the constantly evolving ethics, law and its interpretations fall behind. The cut and paste policy makers constantly impose regulations out of sync with the geopolitical realities. The Mental Health Care Bill now awaiting approval arose because we signed first on a global body convention and now are forced to comply. The family, a ubiquitous feature of our patient support system is slowly being derecognized. Instead, NGOs are the new approved caregivers. Our patriarchal society, earlier a repository of warmth and security is now jeered at. The mental health professional, the last mile delivery of mental health is in a quixotic position and some of the tantalizing issues of surreptitious drug administration, informed consent, the newer laws enacted or being enacted, narcoanalysis and drug trials will be discussed with pragmatic solutions offered to a disinterested regulator.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
When it's the Time to Switch the Therapeutic Approach on Electroconvulsive Therapy for Residual Positive Symptoms in Schizophrenia?
Authors: Nechifor I. , Nita N. , Buzut M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionSchizophrenia is clearly one of the most debilitating diseases. Luckily, in the past 20 years, there has been a wide and good change in symptomatology due to the new atypical antipsychotics. Still, there are patients who are treatment resistant after different adjustments like switching or adding antipsychotics. Most of the clinicians consider Clozapine the “last resort”. But what if it doesn’t work so well on some patients?ObjectiveTo determine the point when it's time to try electroconvulsive therapy in schizophrenia treatment-resistant patients or remain on conventional approach.AimsThe aim of this work is to determine whether it's better for those patients who have residual positive symptoms to use oral/depot antipsychotics or to switch on electroconvulsive therapy.MethodsThis work presents the case of the patient C.D., 35 years, diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia since 2008. Risperidone, Olanzapine, Aripiprazole were introduced during time, with some improvement on the positive symptomatology, but the patient developed several side-effects. At his last admission in our hospital, he came after a suicidal attempt caused by high anxiety and depression due to his false beliefs. Clozapine was introduced, but after one month of treatment, the patient still had the belief that his neighbours want to harm him somehow.ResultsThe patient and his mother definitively refused electroconvulsive therapy because of their personal beliefs. He affirmed that he can live with this “low-dose” of suspiciousness which, unfortunately, had a negative impact on his social life.ConclusionsWe still recommend electroconvulsive therapy in these situations, even though, there are many misconceptions regarding this approach.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Linguistic Validation of a Battery for Measurement of Affirming Attitudes about Mental Illness
Authors: Saguem B. , Romdhane A. Ben , Ali B. Ben Hadj 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionStigma restrains the life opportunities of individuals with serious mental illness. This study aimed at performing a linguistic validation of a battery for measurement of affirming attitudes; a battery that might be used to test the impact of anti-stigma and socially inclusive programs.MethodsThree measures were considered: the Recovery Scale, Empowerment Scale and Self-Determination Scale. Two native Arabic speakers, bilingual in English, independently translated the original measures into Arabic. A collaborative pooled version of the questionnaires was then obtained from the two translations. The pooled version was back-translated into English by a professional translator. A draft Arabic version of the battery was obtained from the comparison between the original questionnaires and the back-translation and was tested on 30 Arabic-speaking medical students. We also discussed the existence of other wording that enables the meaning of statements to be expressed clearly.ResultsThe test of the different items allowed the detection of three typing errors. It also highlighted mistranslating two terms to one term that does not distinguish between them in term of the meaning: “Goal” and “Purpose”. Comments were reported on the wording of certain items in the questionnaire. These comments referred to the problems related to the grammatical and syntactical construction of certain expressions. The translation from English into Tunisian dialect is different from our dialect.ConclusionWe proposed an Arabic version of a battery of measures that reflect affirming attitudes. This is a step for reliable measures that assess stigma in Arabic countries.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Analysis of Hospital Admissions for Psychiatric Care in Portugal: Results from the SMAILE Study
Authors: Silva M. , Antunes A. , Loureiro A. , Santana P. , Caldas-de-Almeida J. , Cardoso G. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionEvidence shows that the prevalence and severity of mental disorders and the need for psychiatric admission is influenced by socio-demographic and contextual factors.ObjectivesTo characterize the severity of hospital admissions for psychiatric care due to common mental disorders and psychosis in Portugal.AimsThis retrospective study analyses all acute psychiatric admissions for common mental disorders and psychosis in four Portuguese departments of psychiatry in the metropolitan areas of Lisbon and Porto, and investigates the association of their severity with socio-demographic and clinical factors.MethodsSocio-demographic and clinical variables were obtained from the clinical charts of psychiatric admissions in 2002, 2007 and 2012 (n = 2621). The number of hospital admissions per year (>1) and the length of hospital stay (31 days) were defined as measures of hospital admission severity. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess which socio-demographic and clinical factors were associated with both hospital admission severity outcomes.ResultsResults showed different predictors for each outcome. Being widowed, low level of education, being retired, having psychiatric co-morbidity, and a compulsory admission were statistically associated (P < 0.05) with a higher number of hospital admissions. Being single or widowed, being retired, a diagnosis of psychosis, and a compulsory admission were associated with higher length of hospital stay, while having suicidal ideation was associated with a lower length of hospital stay.ConclusionsSocio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients are determinants of hospital admissions for psychiatric care and of their severity.Funding Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Psychosocial Interventions to Improve the Quality of Life for Men with Prostate Cancer: A Network Meta-analysis of 31 Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Qiu S. , Linghui D. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundThe treatment of prostate cancer (PCa) can trigger a sequence of life-altering decisions that can induce depression and effects on health-related quality of life. We aimed to simultaneously compare all available psychosocial interventions using both direct and indirect data.MethodsIn this systematic review and network meta-analysis, we searched the Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane central register of controlled trials for randomized controlled trials (RCT) published before Oct, 2016, that compared active treatments dealing with psychosocial problems in PCa patients after treatment. The primary outcome was health-related quality of life improvement as measured by the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Psychological morbidity was assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016049621.ResultsWe screened 113 potentially eligible studies and identified 31 RCTs, that examined 7 psychosocial interventions in 3643 PCa participants. In terms of SF-36, cognitive behavioral therapy [standard mean difference (SMD) 2·48, credible interval [CrI] 0.23 to 4.46], group based counseling (SMD 1·36, CrI 0·40 to 3·17) had significantly greater effects than usual care. Participants assigned to all assessed interventions had a significantly improvement in depression compared with usual care, except for those assigned to psychoeducational therapy (SMD 0.02, 95% CrI -0.11 to 0.15).ConclusionThis review shows that cognitive behavioral therapy, group based counseling and exercise may have significant beneficial effects considering SF-36 and HADS when compared with usual care. However, additional well-done research studies are necessary to establish the role of psychosocial interventions in men with PCa.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of NEO-FFI-20 in a Portuguese Sample
Authors: Dourado J.F. , Pereira A.T. , Marques C. , Azevedo J. , Nogueira V. , Macedo A. , Bastos Silva A.M.C. , Seco A.J.M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe Five-Factor Model organizes human personality traits under a comprehensive framework of five dimensions–neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness. The dimensions are empirical generalizations of enduring differences in behavioural, emotional and cognitive patterns between individuals. The Portuguese version of the NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI-20) is increasingly used as it is the shortest version to evaluate the “Big 5”.ObjectiveTo investigate the reliability and the validity of the Portuguese version of NEO-FFI-20-item (Bertoquini & Pais Ribeiro) in a Portuguese sample, using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA and CFA).Methods747 participants [417 (55.8%) women; mean age = 42.13 ± 12.349 years] answered an online survey which included the NEO-FFI-20 and socio-demographic questions. The total sample was randomly divided in two sub-samples (sample A, n = 373; sample B, n = 374). Sample A was used to EFA and sample B was used to CFA.ResultsThe Portuguese version of NEO-FFI-20, excluding items 14 and 16, had an acceptable fit to the data (χ2/df = 2.28; TLI = .88; CFI = .90; RMSEA = .06; P = .059). The internal consistency analysis resulted in: Neuroticism, α = .68; Extraversion, α = .62; Openness to Experience, α = .74; Agreeableness, α = .70; and Conscientiousness, α = .74.ConclusionsThe NEO-FFI-20 can be used to reliably and validly evaluate the BIG FIVE in an ongoing research project on traffic psychology to better understand and respond to risky behaviours on the road.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Psychological Defense Mechanisms in Patients with Different Forms of Essential Hypertension
Authors: Pervichko E. , Zinchenko Y. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionEssential hypertension (EH) is one of the most common diseases of the cardiovascular system. Today scientists discover more and more patients whose blood pressure values during work appear to be higher than those values during free time. This form of EH is called “hypertension at work”.ObjectivesTo indicate psychological defense mechanisms in patients with “hypertension at work”, as compared with ‘classical’ EH and healthy individuals.Materials and methodsDefense mechanisms were evaluated by the survey “The Life Style Index”. Eighty-five patients with ‘Hypertension at work’ (mean age was 45.9 ± 2.8) and 85 patients with ‘classical’ EH (mean age was 47.4 ± 4.5 years) took part in the study.ResultsThe results showed the dominance of low level psychological defences. The most common mechanisms were denial, projection and regression. More mature defense processes included reaction formation and rationalization. The patients with ‘Hypertension at work’ significantly (P < 0.05) differs from second group by more frequent representation of displacement, denial, projection and reaction formation. Comprehensive interpretation of our findings suggested that affection of EH patients (specifically ‘Hypertension at work’) can be characterized by dominance of negative emotions and aggressive tendencies which would be projected, denied or suppressed. Such a complex of defense mechanisms is typical for those, who knows, based on own experience, that uncontrolled negative emotional reactions could be unsafe in social environment.ConclusionsOur findings can be considered as a basis to define a “risk group” amongst EH patients by an attribute of “emotional well-being” disorder and to develop psychological recommendations for them.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Evaluation of Sleeping Profile in Schizophrenia Patients Treated with Paliperidone-Extended Release: Result From an Open Labeled Perspective Study in South East Asia (Perfect Study)
Authors: Kongsakon R. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of treatment with paliperidone extended release for 6 months on sleeping profile in schizophrenia patients.MethodsA total of 984 patients meeting the DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia who switched their antipsychotics to be paliperidone ER were recruited from 61 sites in five countries in Southeast Asia. We assessed patients in terms of demographic profile, sleep quality and daytime drowsiness as visual analog scale.ResultsPatients in our studies received paliperidone ER treatment for 6 months. About 70% completed the treatment. Sleep quality and also daytime drowsiness were significantly increased in patients compared with their baseline. The predictive factors that have effect on sleep profile improvement were completion of the study and baseline PANSS score.ConclusionPatients receiving paliperidone ER were found to have improvement in sleep quality and also improvement in daytime drowsiness, especially in patients within completion group and the higher baseline PANSS score.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
The Role of Cannabinoids in Schizophrenia: Where Have we Been and Where are we Going?
Authors: Reis J. , Pereira G. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionSeveral studies have shown that both endocannabinoid system (ECS) and synthetic cannabinoids (SC) might be involved in schizophrenia.ObjectivesTo review recent literature on the role of cannabinoids in schizophrenia. The review includes the evidence of cannabis use as a risk factor for the development of schizophrenia, but also the preliminary evidence for the use of cannabinoid-based compounds in the treatment of psychosis.MethodsThe authors made an online search on PubMed for clinical trials and reviews published in the last 12 months, using the keywords: “cannabinoids”, “endocannabinoids”, “phytocannabinoids” and “schizophrenia”.ResultsThe use of Cannabis sativa is associated with increased risk of developing psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia, and earlier age at onset of psychosis. Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) has multiple actions in the brain development, including impairment of neuroplasticity, dysregulation of dopamine and glutamate signaling, and, possibly, neurotoxicity. The ECS has been implicated in psychosis both related and unrelated to cannabis exposure. Cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CB1 R) and type 2 (CB2 R), as well as the endogenous ligand N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) and 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG) levels, are most likely to be involved in the pathophysiology of this disorder. On the other hand, the antipsychotic effects of some cannabinoids have been investigated in recent studies. Cannabidiol (CBD) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of psychosis.ConclusionsEmerging evidence suggests an important role of ECB system and SC on schizophrenia. On the other hand, recent studies have shown some phytocannabinoids might represent therapeutic promises in this disorder.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Interaction of Symptoms and Cognitive Dysfunction in Remitted Schizophrenic Patients With and Without Residua – Important Sign of Heterogeneity for Design of Cognitive Enhancer Studies
Authors: Rupchev G. , Morozova M. , Burminskiy D. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionIt is well-known fact that cognitive dysfunction (CD) determines the quality of remission in patients with schizophrenia. However many attempts to demonstrate the link between symptoms and CD failed. The reason for this fact is unclear.ObjectivesHeterogeneity on basis of the important sign jeopardizes the signal detection.AimsAssessment of interaction between clinical symptoms and CD in schizophrenic patients in remission with and without residual psychotic symptoms (RPS).MethodsAdult schizophrenic patients in remission with and without RPS (DSM 295.30) on stable treatment not less than 6 months were assessed with PANSS, CGI, BACS. The indices of the testing were compared between groups. The correlation analysis was performed. The correlation was considered significant if R > 0.60.ResultsTen females and 34 males were divided into two groups according to presence (27 patients) or absence (17 patients) of RPS (PANSS items P1 and P3 > 2 but < 5). The severity of symptoms and CD were equal in both groups, excluding P6 (P = 0.0005), P20 (P = 0.007), P23 (P = 0.0004), and positive subscale PANSS (P = 0.00001). In the group without RPS, we found that CGI score, scores of 10 items of PANSS, scores of PANSS subscales, excluding negative subscale, and total PANSS score highly negatively correlated with total BACS score (average R = –0.70 ± 10). In the group of patients with RPS, no correlations were found.ConclusionsPatients with RPS has clinical significant dissociation of psychic and cognitive functioning that should be considered in planning, and assessing of results of cognitive enhancers studies.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Devaluation Towards People With Schizophrenia in Italian Medical, Nursing, and Psychology Students
Authors: Sideli L. , Verdina A.U. , Seminerio F. , Barone M.V. , La Cascia C. , Sartorio C. , Mule A. , Guccione C. , La Barbera D. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionDiscrimination towards people with schizophrenia (PWS) by healthcare professionals is responsible of underdiagnosis and undertreatment of these patients. Negative attitudes toward PSW in health care professionals tend to be present since their university studies and are related to their knowledge and experience about the disease.Objectives and aimsTo assess opinion towards PSW in medical, nursing and psychology students and to investigate the relation with their knowledge of schizophrenia and its causes.MethodsThe study involved 133 medical, 200 nursing and 296 psychology undergraduate students. The opinion on mental illness questionnaire, the Devaluation Consumers Scale, and the Devaluation of Consumer Families Scale were administered to the sample. ANOVA and ANCOVA were used to test differences between groups and the relation between causal explanation of schizophrenia and discrimination towards PWS.ResultsPsychology students were more aware than the other student of public stigma towards PWS and their families (F 12.57, P < 0.001; F 32.69, P < 0.001) and expressed a more positive view on treatments’ effectiveness (F 30.74, P < 0.001). Psychology (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.26–0.88) and nursing (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.15–0.55) students were more likely to identify psychological and social risk factors as more frequent causes of schizophrenia (vs. biogenetics) and these, in turn, were related to a better opinion towards social equality of PWS.ConclusionsThese preliminary findings underline the relevance of biopsychosocial model of schizophrenia within stigma-reduction programs for health science students.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Structural Covariance Networks in Anorexia Nervosa (AN): A Multimodal Graph Theoretical Analysis
Authors: Collantoni E. , Meneguzzo P. , Tenconi E. , Manara R. , Santonastaso P. , Favaro A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe possibility of evaluating cortical morphological and structural features on the basis of their covariance patterns is becoming increasingly important in clinical neuroscience, because their organizational principles reveal an inter-regional structural dependence which derive from a complex mixture of developmental, genetic and environmental factors.ObjectivesIn this study, we describe cortical network organization in anorexia nervosa using a MRI morpho-structural covariance analysis based on cortical thickness, gyrification and fractal dimension.AimAim of the research is to evaluate any alterations in structural network properties measured with graph theory from multi-modal imaging data in AN.MethodsThirty-eight patients with acute AN, 38 healthy controls and 20 patients in full remission from AN underwent MRI scanning. Surface extraction was completed using FreeSurfer package. Graph analysis was performed using graph analysis toolbox.ResultsIn acute patients, the covariance analysis among cortical thickness values showed a more segregated pattern and a reduction of global integration indexes. In the recovered patients group, we noticed a similar global trend without statistically significant differences for any single parameter. According to gyrification indexes, the covariance network showed a trend towards high segregation both in acute and recovered patients. We did not observe any significant difference in the covariance networks in the analysis of fractal dimension.ConclusionsThe presence of increased segregation properties in cortical covariance networks in AN may be determined by a retardation of neurodevelopmental trajectories or by an energy saving adaptive response. The differences between the analyzed parameters likely depend on their different morpho-functional meanings.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.