bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social plastic at work: structure for dialogues in a therapeutic community
Authors: Zalka Zsolt 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– Reports about therapeutic communities usually focus on specific therapeutic activities: the various ways of the community functioning correctively, the communal-personal dynamics of the community, the dramaturgically graspable problems and the operating and integrative function of the staff. There is relatively little attention paid to the features of the structure composed of the systems of norms and values of these communities. The purpose of this paper is to focus on this normative dimension of the culture of a therapeutic community.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors wish to show this focus with the developmental process of the system of values, rules and norms of the therapeutic community of Thalassa House in Budapest, thinking mainly in self-psychological and ethical paradigm.

Findings
– The way of operating values, norms and rules – the systems of metanorms – creates the cognitive matrix in which members of the community are both acting and perceiving parties, simultaneously suffering and interpreting the communal occurrence of self-pathologies. It develops the cooperative potential of the community along this “ethical” dimension. In the view, the structure of rules, norms and values operated in the culture of relationships of the community, as a consciously elaborated collective agent, has a specific effect in the healing of self-pathologies.

Originality/value
– In the view, the efficiency of the actuation of norms depends primarily on the emergence of metanorms, that is of the ”how” of the application of norms. The values of the metanorms can be found both in the circumstances of the birth of self-according to the attachment theory and in the world of dialogical ethics.
Use of outcome measurement by paediatric AHPs in Northern Ireland
Authors: Harron Anita , Titterington Jill 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundProfessional standards advocate routine use of outcome measurement (OM) in the practice of allied health professionals (AHPs). Historically, OM has focused on impairment and its immediate constraints on activity, while current policy encourages the development and addition of impact‐based OM. There appears to be an assumption at this stage of AHP development that the use of OM is well embedded into practice. However, there is no evidence to support this assumption, which leads to the current investigation into the overall readiness of paediatric AHPs—speech and language therapists (SLTs), occupational therapists (OTs) and physiotherapists (PTs)—to use OM.AimsTo investigate the readiness of paediatric AHPs in the use of OM and to consider what influences this use.Methods & ProceduresA total of 133 paediatric AHPs working in the National Health Service (NHS) in Northern Ireland completed the Clinician Readiness for Measuring Outcomes Scale (CReMOS). CReMOS's 26 statements are rated on a six‐point Likert scale identifying readiness to use OM based on the Transtheoretical Model of Change.Outcomes & ResultsWhile about 75% of clinicians were using OM, 25% require support to roll this out in their practice. This pattern was similar across the professions, and while the majority perceived the value of OM, several factors influenced their use.Conclusions & ImplicationsClinicians would benefit from protected time and support from experts/role models to promote and facilitate best practice in the use of OM. Furthermore, funding for AHP services based on measurable outcomes for service users would facilitate their use in practice. Further research teasing out the different types of OM and the supports and barriers to their use would be very valuable.
The Interaction of Ethanol Ingestion and Social Interaction with an Intoxicated Peer on the Odor‐Mediated Response to the Drug in Adolescent Rats
Authors: Eade Amber M. , Youngentob Lisa M. , Youngentob Steven L. 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundUsing a social transmission of food preference paradigm in rats, we previously demonstrated that ethanol (EtOH) exposure during adolescence, as either an observer (interaction with an intoxicated conspecific) or demonstrator (intragastric infusion with EtOH), altered the reflexive odor‐mediated responses to the drug. The 2 modes of exposure were equivalent in the magnitude of their effects. Human adolescents, however, are likely to experience the drug in a social setting as both an EtOH observer and demonstrator. That is, both interacting with an intoxicated peer and experiencing EtOH's postingestive consequences in conjunction with hematogenic olfaction. Therefore, we tested whether combined adolescent exposure as both an observer and demonstrator differed from either form of individual experience.MethodsBeginning on postnatal day (P) 29, naïve rats received EtOH or water exposures in a social interaction paradigm as either an observer, a demonstrator, or combined experience (where each animal in the interaction was, itself, an observer and demonstrator). Exposures occurred 4 times, once every 48 hours. On P37, the reflexive behavioral response to EtOH odor was tested, using whole‐body plethysmography.ResultsThe odor‐mediated responses of adolescent EtOH observers, demonstrators, and combined exposure animals all significantly differed from controls. Compared to controls, however, the magnitude of the behavioral effect was greatest in the combined exposure animals. Moreover, combined exposure as both an EtOH observer and demonstrator significantly differed from either form of individual EtOH experience.ConclusionsEtOH's component chemosensory qualities are known to be central contributors to its acceptance and increases in the acceptability of EtOH's odor, resulting from a social transmission experience, are predictive of enhanced EtOH avidity in adolescence. Our findings demonstrate that combined exposure as an observer and demonstrator, within a socially relevant framework, may represent a higher risk scenario for increased EtOH avidity in adolescence (and by extension adult persistence) as compared to the individual effects of direct ingestion or social experience with the drug.
Impact of surface water extraction on water quality and ecological integrity in Arusha National Park, Tanzania
Authors: Elisa Manase , Shultz Susanne , White Keith 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSurface water has been extracted from Arusha National Park (ANP) to meet human demand for over 30 years; however, there has been no evaluation of the impact of extraction on surface water quality, budget or ecological integrity. A reduction in water availability and flow is likely to also have impacts on the distribution and space use of large mammals. To assess the surface water quality and budget, 30 water sources were measured for three months over the dry and wet seasons. Nearly 70% of water is extracted, with the complete extraction of surface water common during the dry and early wet seasons. However, extraction did not lead to a decrease in downstream water quality, but wetland plant diversity was highest in areas with no surface water extraction. Extraction also influences large mammal space use: abundance along seven transects was typically higher upstream of extraction sites, especially in the case of large herbivores. Impacts of extraction therefore include the disconnection of streams, changes in space use of large mammals, decreases in plant diversity and changes in species composition of the riparian wetlands. We therefore recommend that monitoring and evaluation of extraction as well as sustainable water use practices be introduced as a matter of urgency.
Association between prediabetes and risk of chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Echouffo‐Tcheugui J. B. , Narayan K. M. , Weisman D. , Golden S. H. , Jaar B. G. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimsTo assess the effect of prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance) on the incidence of chronic kidney disease.MethodsPubMed and EMBASE were searched (for studies published up to March 2015). Effects estimated from cohort studies reporting the relationship of prediabetes to incident chronic kidney disease [kidney damage (microalbuminuria, albuminuria or proteinuria) and/or decreased glomerular filtration rate] were pooled using a random‐effects model meta‐analysis.ResultsNine cohort studies with a total of 185 452, mainly Asian and white, participants were followed for a total of 835 146 person‐years. In eight cohort studies defining impaired fasting glucose as fasting glucose 6.1–6.9 mmol/l, the summary relative risk of chronic kidney disease after adjustment for established risk factors was 1.11 (95% CI 1.02–1.21). When a study defining impaired fasting glucose as fasting glucose 5.6–6.9 mmol/dl was added, the overall relative risk of chronic kidney disease was 1.12 (95% CI 1.02–1.21). Exclusion of the only study with information on impaired glucose tolerance did not change the relative risk (1.12; 95% CI 1.02–1.21). There was no evidence of publication bias (P value for Egger test = 0.12).ConclusionPrediabetes is modestly associated with an increase in chronic kidney disease risk, but this remains to be robustly confirmed. Chronic kidney disease screening among people with prediabetes, and aggressive management of prediabetes in those with chronic kidney disease may be warranted.
Correlation of material constraint with fracture toughness of interface regions in a dissimilar metal welded joint
Authors: Fan K. , Wang G. Z. , Xuan F. Z. , Tu S.T. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn this work, the constraint parameter Ap based on crack‐tip equivalent plastic strain was calculated by finite element analyses for the cracks located at different locations in two interface regions in a dissimilar metal weld joint (DMWJ). The capabilities of the parameter Ap for characterizing material constraint and establishing correlation of material constraint with fracture toughness of the interface region cracks have been examined. The results show that the parameter Ap can characterize material constraint effect caused by material mismatch and initial crack positions in the interface regions. Based on the Ap, the correlation lines and formulae of material constraint with fracture toughness of the interface region cracks in the DMWJ can be established, and they may be used for obtaining material constraint‐dependent fracture toughness for the interface region cracks. The results in this work combining with those in the previous studies indicate that the parameter Ap may be a unified constraint parameter that can characterize both geometry constraint (including in‐plane and out‐of‐plane constraints) and material constraint, and it may be used in accurate fracture assessments of welded components with different geometry and material constraints.
Attitudes, knowledge and practices concerning delirium: a survey among intensive care unit professionals
Authors: Trogrlić Zoran , Ista Erwin , Ponssen Huibert H , Schoonderbeek Jeannette F , Schreiner Frodo , Verbrugge Serge J , Dijkstra Annemieke , Bakker Jan , van der Jagt Mathieu 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundDelirium is a common form of vital organ dysfunction in intensive care unit (ICU) patients and is associated with poor outcomes. Adherence to guideline recommendations pertaining to delirium is still suboptimal.AimsWe performed a survey aimed at identifying barriers for implementation that should be addressed in a tailored implementation intervention targeted at improved ICU delirium guideline adherence.DesignThe survey was conducted among ICU professionals.MethodsAn online survey was conducted among 360 ICU health care professionals (nurses, physicians and delirium consultants) from six ICUs in the southwest of the Netherlands as part of a multicentre prospective implementation project [response rate: 64% of 565 invited; 283 (79%) were nurses].ResultsAlthough the majority (83%) of respondents considered delirium a common and major problem in the ICU, we identified several barriers for implementation of a delirium guideline. The most important barriers were knowledge deficit, low delirium screening rate, lack of trust in the reliability of delirium screening tools, belief that delirium is not preventable, low familiarity with delirium guidelines, low satisfaction with physician‐described delirium management, poor collaboration between nurses and physicians, reluctance to change delirium care practices, lack of time, disbelief that patients would receive optimal care when adhering to the guideline and the perception that the delirium guideline is cumbersome or inconvenient in daily practice.ConclusionAlthough ICU professionals consider delirium a serious problem, several important barriers to adhere to guidelines on delirium management are still present today.Relevance to clinical practiceIdentification of implementation barriers for adherence to guidelines pertaining to delirium is feasible with a survey. Results of this study may help to design‐targeted implementation strategies for ICU delirium management.
System‐Equation ADL Test for Threshold Cointegration with an Application to the Term Structure of Interest Rates
Authors: Li Jing 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis paper proposes a new system‐equation test for threshold cointegration based on a threshold vector autoregressive distributed lag (ADL) model. The new test can be applied when the cointegrating vector is unknown and when weak exogeneity fails. The asymptotic null distribution of the new test is derived, critical values are tabulated and finite‐sample properties are examined. In particular, the new test is shown to have good size, so the bootstrap is not required. The new test is illustrated using the long‐term and short‐term interest rates. We show that the system‐equation model can shed light on both asymmetric adjustment speeds and asymmetric adjustment roles. The latter is unavailable in the single‐equation testing strategy.
Knockdown of a laccase in Populus deltoides confers altered cell wall chemistry and increased sugar release
Authors: Bryan Anthony C. , Jawdy Sara , Gunter Lee , Gjersing Erica , Sykes Robert , Hinchee Maud A. W. , Winkeler Kimberly A. , Collins Cassandra M. , Engle Nancy , Tschaplinski Timothy J. , Yang Xiaohan , Tuskan Gerald A. , Muchero Wellington , Chen Jin‐Gui 
Published: March 2016

SummaryPlant laccases are thought to function in the oxidation of monolignols which leads to higher order lignin formation. Only a hand‐full of laccases in plants have been functionally evaluated, and as such little is known about the breadth of their impact on cell wall chemistry or structure. Here, we describe a previously uncharacterized laccase from Populus, encoded by locus Potri.008G064000, whose reduced expression resulted in transgenic Populus trees with changes in syringyl/guaiacyl ratios as well as altered sugar release phenotypes. These phenotypes are consistent with plant biomass exhibiting reduced recalcitrance. Interestingly, the transgene effect on recalcitrance is dependent on a mild pretreatment prior to chemical extraction of sugars. Metabolite profiling suggests the transgene modulates phenolics that are associated with the cell wall structure. We propose that this particular laccase has a range of functions related to oxidation of phenolics and conjugation of flavonoids that interact with lignin in the cell wall.
Fast Moment-Based Estimation for Hierarchical Models
Authors: Perry Patrick O. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryHierarchical models allow for heterogeneous behaviours in a population while simultaneously borrowing estimation strength across all subpopulations. Unfortunately, existing likelihood-based methods for fitting hierarchical models have high computational demands, and these demands have limited their adoption in large-scale prediction and inference problems. The paper proposes a moment-based procedure for estimating the parameters of a hierarchical model which has its roots in a method originally introduced by Cochran in 1937. The method trades statistical efficiency for computational efficiency. It gives consistent parameter estimates, competitive prediction error performance and substantial computational improvements. When applied to a large-scale recommender system application and compared with a standard maximum likelihood procedure, the method delivers competitive prediction performance while reducing the sequential computation time from hours to minutes.
Comparison of various coulter‐type ground‐driven rotary subsoilers in terms of energy consumption and soil disruption
Authors: Celik A. , Raper R. L. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHardpans below the normal tillage depth inhibit root penetration and cause drainage problems. Subsoiling is commonly used to disrupt hardpans and provide pathways for water and roots to enter the subsoil. The objective of this study was to develop and compare various types of ground‐driven rotary subsoilers that adequately disrupt compacted soil profiles for conservation tillage systems. To accomplish these objectives, four different coulter‐type ground‐driven rotary subsoilers were designed and manufactured by dividing a 1.2 m diameter coulter into multiple blades. Minimizing the soil resistance was one of the main considerations in forming the shape and number of blades on the coulters. An experiment was conducted in a soil bin to determine the effects of ground‐driven rotary subsoilers on soil disturbance and energy requirements. Treatments were four different types of subsoilers: coulter without blade (CNB), coulter with 5 blades (C5B), coulter with 7 blades (C7B) and coulter with 9 blades (C9B), and two tillage depths (25 cm and 38 cm). To determine the differences between subsoilers, soil disturbance, cone index, bulk density and draft were measured. The C5B subsoiler required considerably less draft, draft power and vertical force for both operation depths followed by the C7B, C9B and CNB subsoilers. The CNB subsoiler left the soil surface clean with no spoil while the coulters with blades caused spoils on the soil surface. The soil disruption paths of the coulters with blades have an advantage for row crops due to limited above‐ground disturbance if seeds can be placed in the middle of the disrupted zone.
Is blood donation an opportunity for hypertension awareness?
Authors: Hao J. , McAvoy J. , Wickberg L. , Kerrigan C. , Kreiger L. , Sikavi C. , Swift D. , Frenette C. , Carney J. , Fung M. K. 
Published: March 2016

SUMMARYObjectivesTo assess the blood pressure (BP) of donors, the rate of hypertensive range readings amongst donors not previously identified as hypertensive and determine the value of an informational sheet about hypertension given at the time of donation.AimTo determine the value of screening for high BP during blood donation as a public health activity.BackgroundBlood donation centres measure donor BPs before accepting donations and thus provide a unique opportunity for hypertension screening and education.Materials/methodsAn anonymous survey was completed by blood donors over 2 weeks. The survey contained 22 questions regarding demographics, BP knowledge and monitoring. Participants then received a hypertension information sheet and assessed its utility with three additional questions.ResultsOut of 839 survey responses received, 688 respondents reported their BP in the following categories, normotensive range: 46·9%, pre‐hypertensive range: 41·7% and hypertensive range: 11·3%. Notably, of donors with hypertensive range readings, 45% reported no known history of hypertension. After reading the hypertension pamphlet, 63·9% of donors found it valuable, while 38·9% did not. Furthermore, 67% of donors said they were likely to use the information they learned, while 23% of donors said they were unlikely to do so.ConclusionsAn opportunity exists for increasing hypertension awareness during blood donation. Additionally, our findings indicate that an educational pamphlet at the time of donation is valuable to donors. Overall, these findings suggest that increasing hypertension awareness as part of a blood donation screening is not only needed but also useful as a public health measure.
Factors That Influence Running Intensity in Interchange Players in Professional Rugby League
Authors: Delaney Jace A. , Thornton Heidi R. , Duthie Grant M. , Dascombe Ben J. 
Published: March 2016

Background:Rugby league coaches adopt replacement strategies for their interchange players to maximize running intensity; however, it is important to understand the factors that may influence match performance.
Purpose:To assess the independent factors affecting running intensity sustained by interchange players during professional rugby league.
Methods:Global positioning system (GPS) data were collected from all interchanged players (starters and nonstarters) in a professional rugby league squad across 24 matches of a National Rugby League season. A multilevel mixed-model approach was employed to establish the effect of various technical (attacking and defensive involvements), temporal (bout duration, time in possession, etc), and situational (season phase, recovery cycle, etc) factors on the relative distance covered and average metabolic power (Pmet) during competition. Significant effects were standardized using correlation coefficients, and the likelihood of the effect was described using magnitude-based inferences.
Results:Superior intermittent running ability resulted in very likely large increases in both relative distance and Pmet. As the length of a bout increased, both measures of running intensity exhibited a small decrease. There were at least likely small increases in running intensity for matches played after short recovery cycles and against strong opposition. During a bout, the number of collision-based involvements increased running intensity, whereas time in possession and ball time out of play decreased demands.
Conclusions:These data demonstrate a complex interaction of individual- and match-based factors that require consideration when developing interchange strategies, and the manipulation of training loads during shorter recovery periods and against stronger opponents may be beneficial.