bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous clearance of a dislodged root in the maxillary antrum
Authors: Tocaciu S. , Sillifant P. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDislodgement of maxillary tooth roots into the adjacent maxillary antrum is an unpleasant experience for both the patient and the operator. In the majority of cases, these roots need to be removed from the sinus to avoid further complications such as infection and oroantral fistula formation. A case is described where a dislodged root successfully migrated from the apex of the tooth socket to the ostium of the maxillary antrum via the function of the respiratory epithelium's ‘mucociliary escalator’. The indications and contra‐indications for sinus exploration and root retrieval are discussed, and a treatment algorithm is proposed to include cases where monitoring for spontaneous exfoliation may be included.
Association of genetic variation in telomere‐related SNP and telomerase with ventricular arrhythmias in ischemic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Sawhney Vinit , Brouilette Scott , Campbell Niall , Coppen Steven , Baker Victoria , Hunter Ross , Dhinoja Mehul , Johnston Atholl , Earley Mark , Sporton Simon , Suzuki Ken , Schilling Richard 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundTelomeres are known to provide genomic stability and telomere length has been associated with cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, a higher telomerase activity has been shown to be associated with ventricular arrhythmias (VA) in ischemic cardiomyopathy. Increasing evidence suggests that genetic variation in key telomere genes has an impact on telomerase activity. Each copy of the minor allele of SNP rs12696304, at a locus including TERC (telomerase), has been associated with ∼75 base pairs reduction in mean telomere length likely mediated by an effect on TERC expression. We investigated the impact of genetic variation of this SNP on telomerase and its association with VA in ischemic cardiomyopathy patients.Methods and resultsNinety ischemic cardiomyopathy patients with primary prevention implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) were recruited. Thirty‐five received appropriate ICD therapy for potentially fatal VA (cases), while the remaining 55 patients did not (controls). No significant differences in baseline demographics were seen between the groups. TS was measured by qPCR, telomerase activity by TRAP assay, and SNP genotyping with Taqman probes. Telomerase was highest in C homozygous allele and had a significant association with VA in this group only (C/C,C/G,G/G; P‐value 0.04, 0.33, 0.43).ConclusionThe present study is the first to examine the association between telomerase, a SNP at a locus including TERC, and VA in ischemic cardiomyopathy patients. Homozygosity for C‐allele significantly effects telomerase expression and its association with VA in this cohort. Large‐scale prospective studies are required to determine if this genetic variation predisposes patients to greater arrhythmic tendency post‐MI.
Does the Use of Epiduroscopic Lysis of Adhesions Reduce the Need for Spinal Cord Stimulation in Failed Back Surgery Syndrome? A Short‐Term Pilot Study
Authors: Tuijp Steven J. , Van Zundert Jan , De Vooght Pieter , Puylaert Martine , Mestrum Roel , Heylen René , Vanelderen Pascal 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackground and AimsPersistent low back pain after initially successful surgery that is not attributed to structural deficits is called failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS). When conservative and minimal invasive therapy fail, the recommended treatment is spinal cord stimulation (SCS). Because epidural fibrosis can be a contributing factor in the majority of FBSS patients, lumbosacral epiduroscopic lysis of adhesions may be considered as a less invasive alternative treatment option. We hypothesized that the use of epiduroscopic lysis of adhesions could reduce the need for SCS.MethodsA pilot study was performed in 35 consecutive patients with FBSS who underwent epiduroscopic lysis of adhesions. SCS was considered if epiduroscopic lysis of adhesions gave less than 50% global perceived effect (GPE) improvement after 15 months of follow‐up. The GPE was measured 1 week and 6 months after the procedure.ResultsOver a period of 69 months, 35 patients were included. After 15 months of follow‐up, 43% of patients required SCS. Eight of the 15 patients who reported no short‐term improvement needed SCS; those patients had severe epidural fibrosis. One week after epiduroscopic lysis of adhesions, 34%, 23%, and 43% of patients reported GPE improvement of > 50%, 20% to 50%, and < 20%, respectively. After 6 months, 5 patients were lost to follow‐up, and 30%, 17%, and 16% of patients reported improvement of > 50%, 20% to 50%, and < 20%, respectively.ConclusionsIn this pilot study we observed a reduced need for SCS when lumbosacral epiduroscopic lysis of adhesions was used for patients with FBSS and magnetic resonance imaging–proven adhesions. These observations justify the evaluation of both treatment options in a prospective observational trial.
Self‐criticism self‐report measures: Systematic review
Authors: Rose Alexandra V. , Rimes Katharine A. 
Published: January 2018

PurposeSelf‐criticism is a transdiagnostic process that has been attracting research and clinical interest. The accurate measurement of this construct is therefore crucial; however, there are currently numerous measures of self‐criticism and no guidelines about which to use in different contexts. This systematic review evaluated the measurement properties of self‐report questionnaires of self‐criticism.MethodsOvidSP and Web of Science were used to search through multiple databases, and an initial grey literature search was completed. Studies were included when the main focus was to evaluate the measurement properties of English version of scales or subscales that aimed to measure self‐criticism in an adult population. Both the methodological quality of included studies and the specific measurement properties were evaluated; these ratings were then combined into a best evidence synthesis.ResultsFive scales and five subscales were identified, described in 16 papers. The scales were designed to measure different types of self‐criticism including trait or repetitive self‐criticism and self‐criticism in response to difficult situations or as a mood regulation strategy. The majority of included studies were either rated as having poor methodological quality, or were given indeterminate or negative ratings for the measurement properties they reported. Questionnaire content varied depending on how the authors conceptualized self‐criticism. Issues were also highlighted in relation to the checklist used to rate methodological quality.ConclusionsTentative recommendations were made about two measures of self‐criticism based on existing evidence; future research is required. Furthermore, questionnaire choice should be based on the type of self‐criticism being assessed.Practitioner points

Self‐criticism has been associated with a range of clinical difficulties including depression and eating disorders and is increasingly the focus of research, including treatment studies directly targeting self‐criticism.

Since different researchers have conceptualized self‐criticism differently, a number of self‐criticism self‐report questionnaires have been developed that vary in terms of design, structure, and content.

This systematic review identified and evaluated the measurement properties of self‐report questionnaires of self‐criticism and makes tentative recommendations about their use in clinical and research settings and areas for future research.
Cardiopulmonary fitness is strongly associated with body cell mass and fat‐free mass
Authors: Köhler A. , King R. , Bahls M. , Groß S. , Steveling A. , Gärtner S. , Schipf S. , Gläser S. , Völzke H. , Felix S. B. , Markus M. R. P. , Dörr M. 
Published: January 2018

Peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) is commonly indexed by total body weight (TBW) to determine cardiopulmonary fitness (CPF). This approach may lead to misinterpretation, particularly in obese subjects. We investigated the normalization of VO2peak by different body composition markers. We analyzed combined data of 3848 subjects (1914 women; 49.7%), aged 20‐90, from two independent cohorts of the population‐based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP‐2 and SHIP‐TREND). VO2peak was assessed by cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Body cell mass (BCM), fat‐free mass (FFM), and fat mass (FM) were determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis. The suitability of the different markers as a normalization variable was evaluated by taking into account correlation coefficients (r) and intercept (α‐coefficient) values from linear regression models. A combination of high r and low α values was considered as preferable for normalization purposes. BCM was the best normalization variable for VO2peak (r = .72; P ≤ .001; α‐coefficient = 63.3 mL/min; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.48‐123) followed by FFM (r = .63; P ≤ .001; α‐coefficient = 19.6 mL/min; 95% CI: −57.9‐97.0). On the other hand, a much weaker correlation and a markedly higher intercept were found for TBW (r = .42; P ≤ .001; α‐coefficient = 579 mL/min; 95% CI: 483 to 675). Likewise, FM was also identified as a poor normalization variable (r = .10; P ≤ .001; α‐coefficient = 2133; 95% CI: 2074‐2191). Sex‐stratified analyses confirmed the above order for the different normalization variables. Our results suggest that BCM, followed by FFM, might be the most appropriate marker for the normalization of VO2peak when comparing CPF between subjects with different body shape.
A vascular mechanism to explain thermally mediated variations in deep‐body cooling rates during the immersion of profoundly hyperthermic individuals
Authors: Caldwell Joanne N. , van den Heuvel Anne M. J. , Kerry Pete , Clark Mitchell J. , Peoples Gregory E. , Taylor Nigel A. S. 
Published: January 2018

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Does the cold‐water immersion (14°C) of profoundly hyperthermic individuals induce reductions in cutaneous and limb blood flow of sufficient magnitude to impair heat loss relative to the size of the thermal gradient?

What is the main finding and its importance?
The temperate‐water cooling (26°C) of profoundly hyperthermic individuals was found to be rapid and reproducible. A vascular mechanism accounted for that outcome, with temperature‐dependent differences in cutaneous and limb blood flows observed during cooling. Decisions relating to cooling strategies must be based upon deep‐body temperature measurements that have response dynamics consistent with the urgency for cooling.

AbstractPhysiologically trivial time differences for cooling the intrathoracic viscera of hyperthermic individuals have been reported between cold‐ and temperate‐water immersion treatments. One explanation for that observation is reduced convective heat delivery to the skin during cold immersion, and this study was designed to test both the validity of that observation, and its underlying hypothesis. Eight healthy men participated in four head‐out water immersions: two when normothermic, and two after exercise‐induced, moderate‐to‐profound hyperthermia. Two water temperatures were used within each thermal state: temperate (26°C) and cold (14°C). Tissue temperatures were measured at three deep‐body sites (oesophagus, auditory canal and rectum) and eight skin surfaces, with cutaneous vascular responses simultaneously evaluated from both forearms (laser‐Doppler flowmetry and venous‐occlusion plethysmography). During the cold immersion of normothermic individuals, oesophageal temperature decreased relative to baseline (−0.31°C over 20 min; P < 0.05), whilst rectal temperature increased (0.20°C; P < 0.05). When rendered hyperthermic, oesophageal (−0.75°C) and rectal temperatures decreased (−0.05°C) during the transition period (<8.5 min, mostly in air at 22°C), with the former dropping to 37.5°C only 54 s faster when immersed in cold rather than in temperate water (P < 0.05). Minimal cutaneous vasoconstriction occurred during either normothermic immersion, whereas pronounced constriction was evident during both immersions when subjects were hyperthermic, with the colder water eliciting a greater vascular response (P < 0.05). It was concluded that the rapid intrathoracic cooling of asymptomatic, hyperthermic individuals in temperate water was a reproducible phenomenon, with slower than expected cooling in cold water brought about by stronger cutaneous vasoconstriction that reduced convective heat delivery to the periphery.
Matcha Green Tea Drinks Enhance Fat Oxidation During Brisk Walking in Females
Authors: Willems Mark Elisabeth Theodorus , Şahin Mehmet Akif , Cook Matthew David 
Published: January 2018

Intake of the catechin epigallocatechin gallate and caffeine has been shown to enhance exercise-induced fat oxidation. Matcha green tea powder contains catechins and caffeine and is consumed as a drink. We examined the effect of Matcha green tea drinks on metabolic, physiological, and perceived intensity responses during brisk walking. A total of 13 females (age: 27 ± 8 years, body mass: 65 ± 7 kg, height: 166 ± 6 cm) volunteered to participate in the study. Resting metabolic equivalent (1-MET) was measured using Douglas bags (1-MET: 3.4 ± 0.3 ml·kg−1·min−1). Participants completed an incremental walking protocol to establish the relationship between walking speed and oxygen uptake and individualize the walking speed at 5- or 6-MET. A randomized, crossover design was used with participants tested between Days 9 and 11 of the menstrual cycle (follicular phase). Participants consumed three drinks (each drink made with 1 g of Matcha premium grade; OMGTea Ltd., Brighton, UK) the day before and one drink 2 hr before the 30-min walk at 5- (n = 10) or 6-MET (walking speed: 5.8 ± 0.4 km/hr) with responses measured at 8–10, 18–20, and 28–30 min. Matcha had no effect on physiological and perceived intensity responses. Matcha resulted in lower respiratory exchange ratio (control: 0.84 ± 0.04; Matcha: 0.82 ± 0.04; p < .01) and enhanced fat oxidation during a 30-min brisk walk (control: 0.31 ± 0.10; Matcha: 0.35 ± 0.11 g/min; p < .01). Matcha green tea drinking can enhance exercise-induced fat oxidation in females. However, when regular brisk walking with 30-min bouts is being undertaken as part of a weight loss program, the metabolic effects of Matcha should not be overstated.
Using Contemporary Behavior Change Science to Design and Implement an Effective Nutritional Intervention Within Professional Rugby League
Authors: Costello Nessan , McKenna Jim , Sutton Louise , Deighton Kevin , Jones Ben 
Published: January 2018

Designing and implementing successful dietary intervention is integral to the role of sport nutrition professionals as they attempt to positively change the dietary behavior of athletes. High-performance sport is a time-pressured environment where immediate results can often supersede pursuit of the most effective evidence-based practice. However, efficacious dietary intervention necessitates comprehensive, systematic, and theoretical behavioral design and implementation, if the habitual dietary behaviors of athletes are to be positively changed. Therefore, this case study demonstrates how the Behaviour Change Wheel was used to design and implement an effective nutritional intervention within a professional rugby league. The eight-step intervention targeted athlete consumption of a high-quality dietary intake of 25.1 MJ each day to achieve an overall body mass increase of 5 kg across a 12-week intervention period. The capability, opportunity, motivation, and behavior model and affordability, practicability, effectiveness/cost-effectiveness, acceptability, safety, and equity criteria were used to identify population-specific intervention functions, policy categories, behavior change techniques, and modes of intervention delivery. The resulting intervention was successful, increasing the average daily energy intake of the athlete to 24.5 MJ, which corresponded in a 6.2 kg body mass gain. Despite consuming 0.6 MJ less per day than targeted, secondary outcome measures of diet quality, strength, body composition, and immune function all substantially improved, supporting sufficient energy intake and the overall efficacy of a behavioral approach. Ultimately, the Behaviour Change Wheel provides sport nutrition professionals with an effective and practical stepwise method to design and implement effective nutritional interventions for use within high-performance sport.
Running Mechanics and Metabolic Responses With Water Bottles and Bottle Belt Holders
Authors: Vincent Heather K. , Zdziarski Laura A. , Fallgatter Kyle , Negron Giorgio , Chen Cong , Leavitt Trevor , Horodyski MaryBeth , Wasser Joseph G. , Vincent Kevin R. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose: To determine whether differential kinematics, kinetics, rates of energy use, and cardiopulmonary responses occur during running with water bottles and bottle belt holders compared with running only. Methods: Trained runners (N = 42; age 27.2 [6.4] y) ran on an instrumented treadmill for 4 conditions in a randomized order: control run (CON), handheld full water bottle (FULL; 16.9 fluid oz; 454 g), handheld half-full water bottle (HALF; 8.4 fluid oz; 227 g), and waist-worn bottle belt holder (BELT; hydration belt; 676 g). Gas exchange was measured using a portable gas analyzer. Kinetic and kinematic responses were determined by standard 3-dimensional videographic techniques. Interactions of limb side (right and left) by study condition (CON, FULL, HALF, and BELT) were tested for rates of oxygen use and energy expenditure and kinematic and kinetic parameters. Results: No significant limb-side × condition interactions existed for rates of oxygen use or energy expenditure. A significant interaction occurred with sagittal elbow flexion (P < .001). Transverse pelvic-rotation excursions differed on average 3.8° across conditions. The minimum sagittal hip-flexion moment was higher in the right leg in the HALF and BELT conditions compared with CON (P < .001). Conclusions: Carrying water by hand or on the waist does not significantly change the kinematics of running motion, rates of oxygen use and energy expenditure, or cardiopulmonary measures over short durations. Runners likely make adjustments to joint moments and powers that preserve balance and protect the lower-extremity joints while maintaining rates of oxygen use and energy expenditure.
Physical Activity and Sitting Time Are Specifically Associated With Multiple Chronic Diseases and Medicine Intake in Brazilian Older Adults
Authors: Ribeiro Alex S. , Pereira Luiz C. , Silva Danilo R.P. , Santos Leandro dos , Schoenfeld Brad J. , Teixeira Denilson C. , Cyrino Edilson S. , Guedes Dartagnan P. 
Published: January 2018

The purpose of the study was to clarify the independent association between sedentary behavior and physical activity with multiple chronic diseases and medicine intake in older individuals. Sedentary behavior and physical activity were measured by questionnaires. Diseases and medication use were self-reported. Poisson’s regression was adopted for main analysis, through crude and adjusted prevalence ratio and confidence interval of 95%. For men, sedentary time >4 hr/day presented a 76% higher prevalence of ≥2 chronic diseases, while physical inactivity increases the likelihood of using ≥2 medicines in 95%. For women, sedentary behavior >4 hr/day presented an 82% and 43% greater prevalence for ≥2 chronic diseases and the intake of ≥2 medicines, respectively. Sedentary behavior represents an independent associated factor of multiple chronic diseases in older men and women. In addition, inactivity for men and sedentarism for women are associated with the amount of medicine intake.
Quantitative Analysis of Gentamicin Exposure in Neonates and Infants Calls into Question Its Current Dosing Recommendations
Authors: van Donge Tamara , Pfister Marc , Bielicki Julia , Csajka Chantal , Rodieux Frederique , van den Anker John , Fuchs Aline 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTOptimal dosing of gentamicin in neonates is still a matter of debate despite its common use. We identified gentamicin dosing regimens from eight international guidelines and seven Swiss neonatal intensive care units. The dose per administration, the dosing interval, the total daily dose, and the demographic characteristics between guidelines were compared. There was considerable variability with respect to dose (4 to 6 mg/kg), dosing interval (24 h to 48 h), total daily dose (2.5 to 6 mg/kg/day), and patient demographic characteristics that were used to calculate individualized dosing regimens. A model-based simulation study in 1071 neonates was performed to determine the achievement of efficacious peak gentamicin concentrations according to predefined MICs (Cmax/MIC ≥ 10) and safe trough concentrations (Cmin≤ 2 mg/liter) with recommended dosing regimens. MIC targets of 0.5 and 1 mg/liter were used. Dosing optimization was performed giving priority to the first day of treatment and with the goal of simplifying dosing. Current gentamicin neonatal guidelines allow to achieve effective peak concentrations for MICs ≤ 0.5 mg/liter but not higher. Model-based simulations indicate that to attain peak gentamicin concentrations of ≥10 mg/liter, a dose of 7.5 mg/kg should be administered using an extended dosing interval regimen. Trough concentrations of ≤2 mg/liter can be maintained with a dosing interval of 36 to 48 h in neonates according to gestational and postnatal age. For treatment beyond 3 days, therapeutic drug monitoring is advised to maintain adequate serum concentrations.
Detection of Human Bocavirus Species 2 and 3 in Bivalve Shellfish in Italy
Authors: La Rosa G. , Purpari G. , Guercio A. , Di Bella S. , Gucciardi F. , Proroga Y. T. R. , Pisanu M. , Della Libera S. , Iaconelli M. , Suffredini E. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
Human bocavirus (HBoV) has been shown to be a common cause of respiratory infections and gastroenteritis in children. Recently, HBoVs have been detected in sewage and river waters in Italy and worldwide. However, studies on their presence in other water environments and in bivalve mollusks are not yet available. In this study, 316 bivalve shellfish samples collected in three Italian regions over a 6-year period (2012 to 2017) were analyzed by nested PCR and sequencing using broad-range primer pairs targeting the capsid proteins VP1 and VP2 of HBoV. The virus was detected in 27 samples (8.5% of the total samples), and a statistically significant difference was found within the three regions. A further 13 samples, collected in geographic and temporal proximity to positive samples, were included in the study to assess the spread of HBoV in shellfish production areas at the time of contamination. Twelve of these additional samples were found to be positive for HBoV. All positive samples in this study were characterized as HBoV species 2 (17 samples; 8 different sequences) or species 3 (22 samples; 4 different sequences). This study reports the occurrence of HBoV in bivalve shellfish and shows evidence of considerable spatial spread of the virus throughout shellfish production areas. Further studies are needed to elucidate both the role of HBoV as an agent of gastroenteritis and the risk for foodborne transmission of this virus.

IMPORTANCE
Human bocavirus is recognized as an important cause of acute respiratory tract infections and has recently been considered an etiological agent of gastroenteritis in the pediatric population. Our findings document that HBoVs are detected in bivalve shellfish with a relevant prevalence and suggest that an assessment of the risk for foodborne transmission of these viruses should be undertaken.