bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia by an aroma‐massage with acupressure treatment protocol: A randomised clinical trial
Authors: Fung Jo Kamen Ka‐man , Tsang Hector Wing‐hong 
Published: October 2017

Aims and objectivesThis study evaluates the clinical effectiveness of a multicomponent aroma‐massage with an acupressure treatment protocol and compared it to cognitive training for the management of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia.BackgroundPharmacological interventions have been unsatisfactory in managing behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia; thus, complementary and alternative medicine has been extensively researched to identify an adjunct safe and cost‐effective intervention.DesignThis randomised clinical trial utilised a three‐arm parallel group design. Cognitive training was used as a conventional intervention to manage behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia, whereas exercise was considered “treatment as usual” in this study; both were used as comparisons with the experimental protocol. There were three treatment groups: Group 1: aroma‐massage with acupressure + exercise, Group 2: cognitive training + exercise and Group 3: aroma‐massage with acupressure + cognitive training.MethodSixty older adults were recruited and randomly assigned to the three groups (20 each). Using the 29‐item Chinese Version of the Cohen‐Mansfield Agitation Inventory, Neuropsychiatric Inventory, Mini‐mental State Examination and Barthel Index‐20, the outcome measures were assessed at preintervention, postintervention and the 3‐month follow‐up to assess behaviour, Activities of Daily Living, cognition, and behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia severity and distress. Multiple comparisons performed through repeated measures were analysed to detect between‐group differences and within‐subject differences, as well as the interaction effects between groups and times.ResultsThe Group 1 and 3 participants showed a significant reduction in the severity and distress caused by behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia, whereas Group 2 did not demonstrate similar effects.ConclusionsThis clinical study suggests that aroma‐massage with acupressure is as effective as cognitive training and can enhance cognitive training in reducing the severity and distress of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia.Relevance to clinical practiceAroma‐massage with acupressure may serve as an adjunct therapy to reduce behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. This therapy is safe, cost‐effective and can be implemented by caregivers and family members who are not professionally trained.
‘Why Even Bother Trying?’ Examining Discouragement among Racial‐Minority Entrepreneurs
Authors: Neville François , Forrester Juanita Kimiyo , O'Toole Jay , Riding Allan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe extend organizational research on racial‐minority social and economic inequality by developing a mixed embeddedness perspective to investigate whether and why certain racial‐minority entrepreneurs become discouraged with important entrepreneurial tasks – namely, seeking capital from financial institutions. Concretely, we examine borrowing discouragement among three predominant racial‐minority entrepreneur groups in the United States – African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Asian Americans – using two independent samples from the US Federal Reserve Board. Our findings indicate that African Americans and Hispanic Americans are more likely to be discouraged than White Americans, while Asian Americans are less likely to be discouraged than African Americans. Our theory and findings suggest that for certain racial minorities, socio‐historical experiences and shared knowledge of inequalities may influence individual behaviour through increasing discouragement toward important opportunities and entrepreneurial tasks.
The Impact of Knowledge Worker Mobility through an Acquisition on Breakthrough Knowledge
Authors: Park Haemin Dennis , Howard Michael D. , Gomulya David M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAcquisitions enable firms to access new knowledge from target firms, along with the scientists who created the knowledge, to enhance their own knowledge creation outcomes. We explore how the retention of target firm scientists and acquired knowledge characteristics affect new knowledge creation outcomes for the acquiring firms. Using a sample of 111,227 patents following 301 high‐tech acquisitions in 1990–2000, we find that acquiring firms that avoid the exodus of target firm scientists increase their likelihood of creating highly impactful knowledge. Moreover, the characteristics of acquired knowledge and organizational context of the acquiring firms moderate this relationship. The positive effect of target firm scientist retention on the likelihood of creating highly impactful knowledge during the post‐acquisition period is stronger when the acquired knowledge is complex, whereas such a relationship is weaker when the acquired knowledge stock is similar to that of the acquiring firm.
A Systematic Review of the Survival and Complication Rates of All‐Ceramic Resin‐Bonded Fixed Dental Prostheses
Authors: Chen Junyu , Cai He , Ren Xiaochun , Suo Lai , Pei Xibo , Wan Qianbing 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this systematic review was to investigate the survival and complication rates of all‐ceramic resin‐bonded fixed dental prostheses (RBFDPs).Materials and MethodsThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were applied. A systematic search was conducted by an electronic search in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and CNKI databases complemented by a manual search. Only clinical studies on all‐ceramic RBFDPs with a mean follow‐up period of at least 3 years qualified for data analyses.ResultsAmong 1503 screened articles, one randomized controlled trial (RCT) and seven prospective or retrospective cohort studies were included in this study. The estimated 5‐year survival rate of all‐ceramic RBFDPs was 91.2%. Debonding and framework fracture were the two most frequent technical complications, and the estimated 5‐year debonding rate and fracture rate were 12.2% and 4.8%, respectively. Additionally, cantilevered all‐ceramic RBFDPs had a higher survival rate (p < 0.01), lower debonding rate, (p < 0.05), and fracture rate (p < 0.01) compared with two‐retainer all‐ceramic RBFDPs. Zirconia ceramic RBFDPs had a lower incidence of failure but a higher debonding rate compared with glass‐ceramic RBFDPs (p < 0.01).ConclusionWithin the limitations of this systematic review, although all‐ceramic RBFDPs have a favorable 5‐year survival rate, this rate cannot represent the complete success of the treatment, since it may include typical complications such as debonding and fractures. There is an urgent need for long‐term clinical studies, especially for well‐designed RCTs on all‐ceramic RBFDPs.
Hyperglycaemia in transition dairy cows: Effects of lactational stage and conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on glucose metabolism and turnover
Authors: Grossen‐Rösti L. , Kessler E. C. , Tröscher A. , Bruckmaier R. M. , Gross J. J. 
Published: October 2017

SummarySupplementing conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is supposed to spare glucose due to the milk fat‐depressing effect of the trans‐10, cis‐12 CLA isomer, and allows repartitioning nutrients despite an energy deficiency in early lactation. However, there is still a lack of knowledge in terms of the dynamic pattern of the glucose turnover in transition dairy cows. We hypothesized that dairy cows supplemented with CLA have an altered rate of glucose turnover and insulin sensitivity during early lactation. We conducted three consecutive hyperglycaemic clamps (HGC) in weeks −2, +2 and +4 relative to parturition in Holstein cows supplemented daily either with 70 g of lipid‐encapsulated CLA (6.8 g trans‐10, cis‐12 and 6.6 g of the cis‐9, trans‐11 CLA isomer; CLA; n = 11) or with 56 g of control fat (CON; n = 11). From week −3 up to week +4 relative to parturition, milk yield and dry matter intake (DMI) were recorded daily, while body weight (BW) and milk composition were obtained once weekly. Blood samples were taken once weekly and every 30 min during the HGC. Plasma was analysed for concentrations of glucose, fatty acids (FFA), beta‐hydroxybutyrate (BHB), insulin, triglycerides and cholesterol. The CLA supplementation did not affect performance and metabolic parameters except for BHB and cholesterol. Furthermore, insulin concentrations and insulin sensitivity were affected by treatment. During the HGC in early lactation, insulin response was lower and decrease in FFA and BHB greater compared with the HGC in week −2 although glucose target concentration achieved during the steady‐state period was similar for all three HGC. Our findings in terms of insulin and cholesterol suggest that body reserves are preserved through CLA feeding without restraining animal's performance. Furthermore, CLA effects on cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations indicated beneficial effects on hepatic lipid export contributing to an improved efficiency of prevailing metabolites in circulation.
Effects of animal type (wild vs. domestic) and diet alfalfa level on intake and digestibility of European adult rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Authors: Pinheiro V. , Outor‐Monteiro D. , Mourão J. L. , Cone J. W. , Lourenço A. L. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the level of alfalfa in the diet on feed intake and digestibility of two types of rabbits, wild (Oryctolagus cuniculus algirus) vs. domestic (O. cuniculus cuniculus). Ten wild (W; mean LW = 927 g) and 10 domestic (D; mean LW = 4,645 g) adult rabbit does were fed ad libitum two pelleted diets: a control diet (C) with 15% of dehydrated alfalfa hay (as feed basis) and a test diet (A) with 36% of dehydrated alfalfa hay (as feed basis), according to a change‐over design. Wild does dry matter (DM) intake per kg live weight (BW) was 55% higher (p < .001) than the intake of the D ones (58 g vs. 37 g DM per kg BW respectively). However, no difference (p > .05) was found when intake was expressed per kg0.75 BW (ca. 56 g DM) and tended to be higher (p = .07) in D does when expressed per kg0.67 BW (62 g vs. 55 g DM). Domestic does showed a higher (p < .05) DM, organic matter, crude energy and neutral detergent fibre digestibility (3; 2; 3; 3 percentage points respectively) than W does. The amount of nutrients and energy digested by D does was lower per kg BW (p < .001), similar per kg0.75 BW (p > .05) and tended to be higher per kg0.67 BW (p < .1) than in W does. The diet content of alfalfa did not affect (p > .05) the feed intake nor the diet digestibility. This study suggests that W rabbits exhibit a higher intake per kg BW and a lower digestibility than their D counterparts, which results in similar digestible nutrient and energy intake per kg BW powered to 0.75. The nutritive value of dehydrated alfalfa for rabbits, evaluated through intake and digestibility, seems to be equivalent to their base diets (forage plus concentrate).
On the composition of gastroliths from broiler breeders
Authors: Martín‐Ramos P. , Carrión‐Prieto P. , Sánchez‐Báscones M. , Ruiz‐Potosme N. M. , Martín‐Gil J. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to ascertain the composition and origin of certain gastroliths or gizzard stones from broiler breeders (Gallus gallus domesticus). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X‐ray powder diffraction techniques were used as analysis tools. The main components resulted to be organic fibre and minerals referred to a pegmatite rock (quartz, feldspar albite and haematite) used as grit. Although the generally accepted purpose of gastroliths in chicken is the crushing and grinding of foodstuff in the ventriculus, the importance of mineral uptake from grit of iron and other essential elements such as Al, Ca, K, Cl, P, Ti, Mn, Mg, Cu, Zn and Zr (in ppm) as a secondary effect of the abrasion and dissolution of gastroliths should not be disregarded.
Effects of dietary selenium and moisture on the physical activity and thyroid axis of cats
Authors: Hooper S. E. , Backus R. , Amelon S. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryConsumption of canned cat food is considered a risk factor for the development of feline hyperthyroidism. Because selenium and water are substantially higher in canned diets compared to dry diets, objectives of this study were to determine whether increased dietary selenium or water alters the function of the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis and leads to an increase in activity level. Employing a 28‐day latin square design with a 14‐day washout, six lean, neutered male domestic shorthair cats were fed (i) commercially available adult dry feline diet containing 0.8 ppm selenium (control), (ii) control diet with added sodium selenite to achieve a dietary selenium concentration of 1.125 ppm (selenium treatment) and (iii) the control diet with additional water to achieve a moisture content of 75% wt/wt (water treatment). Water consumption was determined using deuterium oxide washout. Actical activity monitors were placed on each cat's collar to allow quantification of the activity of each cat. Circulating serum T3 and T4 was measured on days 0, 14, and 28. On day 28, a thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation test was conducted to determine treatment effects on serum concentrations of thyroid hormones. There was a significant increase in daily water consumption with dietary water treatment (192 ml ± 7.85 SEM) compared to the control (120 ml ± 20.4) and selenium (116 ml ± 14.6) treatments. Both water and selenium treatments were associated with greater (p < .05) activity over that of the control treatment by 20.5% and 11% respectively. Serum TT3 AUC concentrations (0–4 hr) of TRH stimulation tests were greater (p < .05) by 16% with water compared to control treatments. The results of this study indicate that dietary water content may alter the function of the thyroid axis and that this effect is associated with an increase in physical activity.
Effects of phyto‐oestrogen quercetin on productive performance, hormones, reproductive organs and apoptotic genes in laying hens
Authors: Yang J. X. , Chaudhry M. T. , Yao J. Y. , Wang S. N. , Zhou B. , Wang M. , Han C. Y. , You Y. , Li Y. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryQuercetin, a polyphenolic flavonoid with diverse biological activities including anti‐inflammatory and antiviral, inhibits lipid peroxidation, prevents oxidative injury and cell death. The purpose of the research was to investigate the effect of quercetin on productive performance, reproductive organs, hormones and apoptotic genes in laying hens between 37 and 45 weeks of age, because of the structure and oestrogenic activities similar to 17β‐oestradiol. The trial was conducted using 240 Hessian laying hens (37 weeks old), housed in wire cages with two hens in each cage. These hens were randomly allotted to four treatments with six replicates, 10 hens in each replicate and fed with diets containing quercetin as 0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 g/kg feed for 8 weeks. The results showed that dietary quercetin significantly increased (p < .05) the laying rate and was higher in group supplemented with 0.4 g/kg, and feed‐egg ratio was decreased (p < .05) by quercetin. Dietary quercetin has no effect (p > .05) on average egg weight and average daily feed intake. Compared with control, secretion of hormones, oestradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), insulin‐like growth factors‐1 (IGF‐1) and growth hormone (GH), was found to be significantly higher (p < .05) in quercetin‐supplemented groups. Also ovary index, uterus index and oviduct index were not significantly influenced (p > .05) by quercetin, whereas magnum index, isthmus index, magnum length, isthmus length and follicle numbers were significantly increased (p < .05) with quercetin supplementation. Additionally, expression of apoptotic genes was significantly (p < .05) up‐regulated or down‐regulated by quercetin. These results indicated that quercetin improved productive performance, and its mechanism may be due to the oestrogen‐like activities of quercetin.
Gene expression differences in the methionine remethylation and transsulphuration pathways under methionine restriction and recovery with D,L‐methionine or D,L‐HMTBA in meat‐type chickens
Authors: Aggrey S. E. , González‐Cerón F. , Rekaya R. , Mercier Y. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThis study examined the molecular mechanisms of methionine pathways in meat‐type chickens where birds were provided with a diet deficient in methionine from 3 to 5 weeks of age. The birds on the deficient diet were then provided with a diet supplemented with either D,L‐methionine or D,L‐HMTBA from 5 to 7 weeks. The diet of the control birds was supplemented with L‐methionine from hatch till 7 weeks of age. We studied the mRNA expression of methionine adenosyltransferase 1, alpha, methionine adenosyltransferase 1, beta, 5‐methyltetrahydrofolate‐homocysteine methyltransferase, 5‐methyltetrahydrofolate‐homocysteine methyltransferase reductase, betaine‐homocysteine S‐methyltransferase, glycine N‐methyltransferase, S‐adenosyl‐L‐homocysteine hydrolase and cystathionine beta synthase genes in the liver, duodenum, Pectoralis (P.) major and the gastrocnemius muscle at 5 and 7 weeks. Feeding a diet deficient in dietary methionine affected body composition. Birds that were fed a methionine‐deficient diet expressed genes that indicated that remethylation occurred via the one‐carbon pathway in the liver and duodenum; however, in the P. major and the gastrocnemius muscles, gene expression levels suggested that homocysteine received methyl from both folate and betaine for remethylation. Birds who were switched from a methionine deficiency diet to one supplemented with either D,L‐methionine or D,L‐HMTBA showed a downregulation of all the genes studied in the liver. However, depending on the tissue or methionine form, either folate or betaine was elicited for remethylation. Thus, mRNA expressions show that genes in the remethylation and transsulphuration pathways were regulated according to tissue need, and there were some differences in the methionine form.
Estimation of lysine requirements for growing Japanese quails
Authors: Hasanvand S. , Mehri M. , Bagherzadeh‐Kasmani F. , Asghari‐Moghadam M. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThis study was conducted to estimate the lysine requirements of growing meat‐type Japanese quails based on different growth responses using different regression models. Experimental treatments including five doses of dietary lysine (9.40, 10.9, 12.4, 13.9 and 15.4 g/kg of diet) were used in a dose‐response platform from 7 to 21 day of age. A total of 375, 7‐day old quail chicks were randomly allotted to one of five dietary treatments with five replicate pens and 15 birds per pen. Performance traits including feed intake (FI), weight gain (G) and feed:gain (F:G) and carcass criteria including dressing (DRS), breast meat yield (BMY) and leg meat yield (LMY) were measured and used to fit several models (e.g., spline and quadratic polynomial models). Except FI and LMY, other parameters responded to dietary treatments (p < .05), in which G linearly but F:G, DRS and BMY quadratically responded to incremental levels of lysine (p < .05). On the basis of statistical merit, the best estimation of lysine requirements for G, F:G, BMY and DRS was 12.39 (R2: .93 and Sy.x: 2.35), 12.40 (R2: .98 and Sy.x: 0.001), 13.64 (R2: .99 and Sy.x: 0.15) and 13.80 (R2: .99 and Sy.x: 0.50) g/kg of diet respectively. This study showed that lysine requirements for maximum carcass yield and its attributes (e.g., BMY) might be higher than those needed for maximum growth rate or feed efficiency.
Amino acid profiles of rumen undegradable protein: a comparison between forages including cereal straws and alfalfa and their respective total mixed rations
Authors: Wang B. , Jiang L. S. , Liu J. X. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryOptimizing the amino acid (AA) profile of rumen undegradable protein (RUP) can positively affect the amount of milk protein. This study was conducted to improve knowledge regarding the AA profile of rumen undegradable protein from corn stover, rice straw and alfalfa hay as well as the total mixed ratio diets (TMR) based on one of them as forage source [forage‐to‐concentrate ratio of 45:55 (30% of corn stover (CS), 30% of rice straw (RS), 23% of alfalfa hay (AH) and dry matter basis)]. The other ingredients in the three TMR diets were similar. The RUP of all the forages and diets was estimated by incubation for 16 hr in the rumen of three ruminally cannulated lactating cows. All residues were corrected for microbial colonization, which was necessary in determining the AA composition of RUP from feed samples using in situ method. Compared with their original AA composition, the AA pattern of forages and forage‐based diets changed drastically after rumen exposure. In addition, the extent of ruminal degradation of analysed AA was not constant among the forages. The greatest individual AA degradability of alfalfa hay and corn stover was Pro, but was His of rice straw. A remarkable difference was observed between microbial attachment corrected and uncorrected AA profiles of RUP, except for alfalfa hay and His in the three forages and TMR diets. The ruminal AA degradability of cereal straws was altered compared with alfalfa hay but not for the TMR diets. In summary, the AA composition of forages and TMR‐based diets changed significantly after ruminal exposure, indicating that the original AA profiles of the feed cannot represent its AA composition of RUP. The AA profile of RUP and ruminal AA degradability for corn stover and rice straw contributed to missing information in the field.
Effects of Chinese herbal medicine and cold exposure on plasma glucose, leucine and energy metabolism in sheep
Authors: Liang X. , Jin J. , Bi X. , Kamruzzaman M. , Kudo T. , Sano H. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryAn experiment was carried out to assess the feeding effect of Chinese herbal medicine on N balance, ruminal fermentation characteristics, kinetics of plasma glucose, leucine and energy metabolism in sheep kept at thermoneutral environment (23°C) or exposed to cold (2–4°C). Four sheep were subjected to either mixed hay (MH‐diet) or hay supplemented with 2% of a traditional nourishing Chinese herbal medicine mixture (Astragalus root, Angelica root and Atractylodes rhizome; CHM‐diet) over two 23‐day periods using a crossover design. Cold exposure was conducted for 5 days. The isotope dilution of [U‐13C]glucose with open circuit calorimetry was used to determine the turnover and oxidation rates of plasma glucose and metabolic heat production. The rate of plasma leucine turnover was measured with an isotope dilution method using [1‐13C]leucine. N intake was higher, N excretion through faeces was lower and N digestibility was higher for the CHM‐diet than the MH‐diet. Rumen pH was lower, concentration of rumen NH3 was higher, concentrations of rumen total VFA and acetate tended to be higher and propionate was higher for the CHM‐diet compared with the MH‐diet. Turnover rate of plasma glucose was higher for the CHM‐diet than the MH‐diet and increased during cold exposure. Oxidation rate of plasma glucose did not differ between diets and also between environments. Turnover rate of plasma leucine was higher for the CHM‐diet compared with the MH‐diet but remained similar between environments. Heat production was greater for the CHM‐diet than the MH‐diet and increased during cold exposure. No significant diet × environment interaction was detected. The present results demonstrated that plasma glucose and energy metabolism were enhanced by both Chinese herbal medicine and cold exposure; plasma leucine metabolism was enhanced by Chinese herbal medicine but with lack of change in response to cold exposure in sheep under the conditions of the current experiment.