bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of Intelligence in Tourism Destination Management: An Emerging Role for DMOs
Authors: Sheehan Lorn , Vargas‐Sánchez Alfonso , Presenza Angelo , Abbate Tindara 
Published: February 2016

AbstractOver time, the acronym DMO has evolved from a meaning centered on marketing (i.e. Destination Marketing Organization) to a meaning centered on management (i.e. Destination Management Organization). Expanding the role of DMOs to one of management implies a greater need to engage stakeholders both within the destination and external to the destination. We assert that this places the DMO in a fundamentally unique position of being a boundary spanner between the internal destination environment and the external competitive environment. This boundary‐spanning role requires higher capabilities in knowledge management. The successful DMO of the future will be an intelligent agent of the destination that is able to identify, engage and learn from disparate stakeholders both within and outside the destination. It must acquire, filter, analyze and prioritize data and information from various sources to create knowledge that can be used to fulfill its role in destination management.Our paper is conceptual in nature, advocating an organizing framework to help understand the DMO's role as an intelligent agent that acts as a boundary spanner between the destination and the external competitive environment generating and disseminating knowledge. Outside the destination, the DMO must gain knowledge about the competitive environment, opportunities and threats, and trends that will change the future competitive landscape. Within the destination, the DMO must use this knowledge to strategically assess the strengths and weaknesses of the destination, align the resources of stakeholders and develop adequate competencies to formulate a strategy that is both competitive and sustainable. We conclude with a set of prescriptions for destination managers seeking to create an intelligent DMO that maximizes their knowledge management capabilities. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alterations of putaminal shape in de novo Parkinson's disease
Authors: Caligiuri Maria Eugenia , Nisticò Rita , Arabia Gennarina , Morelli Maurizio , Novellino Fabiana , Salsone Maria , Barbagallo Gaetano , Lupo Angela , Cascini Giuseppe Lucio , Galea Domenico , Cherubini Andrea , Quattrone Aldo 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionSeveral neuroimaging studies have been carried out to gain insight on the pathological processes that cause PD, but literature findings are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to combine information carried by functional imaging with DA transporter ligands and structural MRI.MethodsForty‐two untreated, de novo‐PD patients and 30 control subjects were involved in this study. Patients were divided in subgroups according to the presence of uni‐ or bilateral reduction of ligand uptake in the putamen, as observed on DA transporter single‐photon emission tomography: 12 patients had abnormal uptake in the right putamen and 11 in the left, whereas 19 had bilateral abnormal uptake. Voxel‐based morphometry and shape analysis were used to compare healthy subjects to all de novo‐PD or to patients with either right or left abnormal uptake.ResultsShape analysis identified significant differences between de novo‐PD and controls in putaminal regions. In patients with unilateral abnormal uptake, only the medial surface of the structure was involved. When patients with bilateral uptake reduction were also considered, changes extended from the medial to the lateral surface of putamina. Voxel‐based morphometry showed similar results to those detected with shape analysis, but it failed to identify the putaminal subfield involved in patients with asymmetric or symmetric damage on DA transporter single‐photon emission tomography.ConclusionsShape analysis in de novo‐PD patients suggested a progressive medial‐to‐lateral involvement of the putamina that paralleled an asymmetric‐to‐bilateral distribution of DA transporter depletion. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Long‐term effect of epoetin alfa on clinical and biochemical markers in friedreich ataxia
Authors: Saccà Francesco , Puorro Giorgia , Marsili Angela , Antenora Antonella , Pane Chiara , Casali Carlo , Marcotulli Christian , Defazio Giovanni , Liuzzi Daniele , Tatillo Chiara , Cambriglia Donata Maria , Schiano di Cola Giuseppe , Giuliani Luigi , Guardasole Vincenzo , Salzano Andrea , Ruvolo Antonio , De Rosa Anna , Cittadini Antonio , De Michele Giuseppe , Filla Alessandro 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundFriedreich ataxia is an autosomal recessive disease with no available therapy. Clinical trials with erythropoietin in Friedreich ataxia patients have yielded conflicting results, and the long‐term effect of the drug remains unknown.MethodsWe designed a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multicenter trial to test the efficacy of epoetin alfa on 56 patients with Friedreich ataxia. The primary endpoint of the study was the effect of epoetin alfa on peak oxygen uptake (VO2 max) at the cardiopulmonary exercise test. Secondary endpoints were frataxin levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, improvement in echocardiography findings, vascular reactivity, neurological progression, upper limb dexterity, safety, and quality of life. Epoetin alfa or placebo (1:1 ratio) was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 1200 IU/Kg of body weight every 12 weeks for 48 weeks.ResultsA total of 56 patients were randomized; 27 completed the study in the active treatment group, and 26 completed the study in the placebo group[KG1]. VO2 max was not modified after treatment (0.01 [−0.04 to 0.05]; P = .749), as well as most of the secondary endpoint measures, including frataxin. The 9‐hole peg test showed a significant amelioration in the treatment group (−17.24 sec. [−31.5 to −3.0]; P = .018). The treatment was safe and well tolerated.ConclusionsAlthough results are not in favor of an effect of epoetin alfa in Friedreich ataxia, this is the largest trial testing its effect. It is still possible that epoetin alfa may show some symptomatic effect on upper‐limb performance. This study provides class I evidence that erythropoietin does not ameliorate VO2 max in patients with Friedreich ataxia. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
The Use of Avoidance, Adjustment, Interaction and Acceptance Strategies to Handle Participation Restrictions Among Swedish Men with Early Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Östlund Gunnel , Thyberg Ingrid , Valtersson Eva , Björk Mathilda , Annette Sverker 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectivesLiving with a chronic disease means learning to live under new circumstances and involves a continuous adaptation to new ways of living. There is increasing knowledge about how people cope with stressful life events and adapt to new life situations. Approximately a third of patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are men; however, few studies have described the needs and experiences of men living with RA. The aim of the present study was to explore men's strategies for handling challenges related to participation in everyday life.MethodsThe present study was associated with the prospective Swedish multicentre early arthritis project (given the Swedish acronym TIRA), which, in 2006–2009, included patients with early RA, contemporarily treated, with a mean disease duration of three years. From this cohort, 25 men, aged 20–63 years, were recruited consecutively. Data were collected in individual interviews, using the critical incident technique. The strategies for dealing with the challenges of RA in everyday life were analysed and categorized using content analysis.ResultsMen with RA described four types of strategy for dealing with participation restrictions in everyday life: (i)Adjustment strategies– adjust behaviour, movements, medication, equipment and clothing to find new ways to conduct tasks or activities; (ii)Avoidance strategies– avoid activities, movements, social contacts and sometimes medication; (iii)Interaction strategies– say no, ask for help and work together to handle participation restrictions; and (iv)Acceptance strategies– learn to accept RA, with the pain, the slower work pace and the extended time needed.ConclusionsAccording to men's lived experiences, a combination of strategies was used to deal with RA, depending on the situation and the experienced restriction. The results provided an understanding of how men with RA manage their disease, to reduce physical, social and emotional challenges. This knowledge may be used further to develop multi‐professional interventions and patient education tailored to men with RA.
Bladder telemetry: A new approach to evaluate micturition behavior under physiological and inflammatory conditions
Authors: Monjotin Nicolas , Farrié Martine , Vergnolle Nathalie , Le Grand Bruno , Gillespie James , Junquero Didier 
Published: February 2016

AimsTo establish a new approach to cystometry using telemetry in conscious rats and to use this technique to determine the role of conscious decision making processes with respect to the initiation of voiding in physiological, inflammatory, and painful conditions.MethodsThe pressure transducer of a telemetric transmitter was implanted in the dome of the urinary bladder. After a recovery period of at least 1 month, several investigations of urodynamic parameters were performed after diuresis activation by a pulse of furosemide. The model was characterized by tolterodine and mirabegron under physiological conditions and same animals were reused to evaluate the modification of the voiding pattern under bladder inflammation induced by cyclophosphamide.ResultsThe quality of traces and measurement of parameters recorded telemetrically were comparable to those with conventional cystometry. Furosemide induced a reproducible transient increase of urine production and a series of voids that persisted for 60 min. Tolterodine reduced the amplitude of micturition contractions although mirabegron was devoid of any effect. Seven hours after injection of CYP, voiding frequency increased significantly and the micturition amplitude contraction was not altered. However, the mean volume voided during individual micturitions and the total voided volume decreased. During a second exposure to furosemide 24H after CYP injection, the micturition pattern returned to control, however, the micturition volume was still lower than in control.ConclusionThis telemetric model appears to be as accurate as previously described in conscious conventional cystometry, and allows the repeated evaluation of compounds which may modulate the voiding patterns. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:308–315, 2017. © 2016 The Authors. Neurourology and Urodynamics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of combined treatment with a β3AR agonist and a ROCK inhibitor on detrusor overactivity
Authors: Wróbel Andrzej , Rechberger Tomasz 
Published: February 2016

AimsThe objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the combined treatment with the β3AR agonist and ROCK inhibitor in the rat model of detrusor overactivity induced by retinyl acetate instillation.MethodsThe ROCK inhibitor (GSK 269962) and/or the β3AR agonist (BRL 37344) were administered in single doses and a cystometry was carried out, along with a 24 hr measurement of cardiovascular parameters and diuresis.ResultsThe combined use of GSK 269962 and BRL 37344 in doses ineffective in monotherapies, ameliorated DO. An increase was found in voided volume, voiding efficiency, volume threshold, intercontraction interval, bladder compliance, and volume threshold to elicit nonvoiding contractions, accompanied by a decrease in basal pressure, threshold pressure, detrusor overactivity index, nonvoiding contractions amplitude, and frequency. The combination therapy in question proved to have no effect on micturition voiding pressure, post‐void residual, bladder contraction duration, or relaxation time. A 24 hr observation of female rats who received GSK 269962 and/or BRL 37344 did not show any significant changes in urine production. BRL 37344 increased heart rate and blood pressure proportionately to the applied dose. The assessment of the combined treatment with GSK 269962 and BRL 37344 revealed a significant drop of cardiovascular parameters when compared to the rats which only received BRL 37344.DiscussionThe combined use of β3AR agonists and ROCK inhibitors may improve overactive bladder treatment efficacy and minimize side effects.ConclusionThis polytherapy appears to improve urine storage with no impairment of voiding function. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:580–588, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prospective evaluation of Peristeen® transanal irrigation system with the validated neurogenic bowel dysfunction score sheet in the pediatric population
Authors: Kelly Maryellen S. , Dorgalli Crystal , McLorie Gordon , Khoury Antoine E. 
Published: February 2016

AimsTo determine the ability of Peristeen® transanal irrigation system to reduce symptoms of neurogenic bowel dysfunction (NBD) in patients using the validated neurogenic bowel dysfunction scoring system for the pediatric population.MethodsPatients 3–21 years with NBD whose current bowel program was unsuccessful were given the Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction (NBoDS) score sheet before initiating Peristeen®, and at 2 weeks, 2 months, and 6 months after. All patients were started on Peristeen® with tap water (20 ml/kg) per daily irrigation. Mean and paired t‐tests were completed.Results24 patients were enrolled and had follow‐up. Mean age was 10.5 years (range 3–21 years), 25%, 50%, 25% had thoracic, lumbar and sacral level lesions respectively. Mean NBoDS score at initiation of Peristeen® was 20.21 (±5.56), n = 24. The mean score after two weeks of use was 12.75 (±4.40), n = 24. There was a statistically significant decrease of 7.46 (95%CI, 5.07–9.84) points, t(23) = 6.47, P < 0.0005 after two weeks. There was a statistically significant decrease in their scores from initiation to the 2 month time period of 7.00 (95%CI, 2.18–11.82) points, t(9) = 3.29, P = 0.009. By the sixth month of daily use the mean NBoDS score was 9.67 (n = 12). This was an average decrease of 8.83 (95%CI, 5.39–12.28) points from initiation score, t(11) = 5.641, P < 0.005.ConclusionThe Peristeen® transanal irrigation system provides a significant reduction in NBoDS scores in pediatric patients with NBD. Peristeen® should be considered when other conservative bowel management options have been unsuccessful. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:632–635, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Association between adiposity and cognitive function in young men: Hormonal mechanisms
Authors: Bove Riley M. , Gerweck Anu V. , Mancuso Sarah M. , Bredella Miriam A. , Sherman Janet C. , Miller Karen K. 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveTo determine the association between adiposity, hormones, and cognition in young men with abdominal obesity.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional observational study, 53 nondiabetic men with abdominal obesity (mean body mass index, 37.3 kg/m2; age, 22‐45 years) and normal intelligence underwent detailed measures of body composition, hormonal profiles, and cognition. Age‐ and education‐adjusted performance in five cognitive domains was examined.ResultsTotal fat percentage was negatively associated with visuospatial skills (P = 0.002) and visual memory (P = 0.012). Insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance) was also negatively associated with these domains (P = 0.05 and trend, P = 0.06, respectively). Total testosterone levels were negatively associated with executive function and verbal learning and memory (P = 0.04 for each), but free testosterone was not. Sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) was also inversely associated with performance in these domains (P = 0.015 and trend, P = 0.09, respectively). In a stepwise regression model including percentage fat, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, SHBG, and free testosterone, SHBG was the only variable selected for executive function (P = 0.05) and showed a trend for verbal learning and memory (P = 0.09).ConclusionsAdiposity and insulin resistance were associated with worse function in visual domains. An unexpected negative association is reported between SHBG and cognitive measures, which seemed to be independent of free testosterone levels.
Synthesis of fluorescent ABA triblock copolymer via click reaction
Authors: Mohammadifar Ehsan , Daneshnia Farkhondeh , Kehtari Moosa , Kharat Ali Nemati , Adeli Mohsen 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA hyperbranched–linear–hyperbranched (ABA) triblock copolymer containing poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as linear block and polyglycerol (hbPG) as hyperbranched blocks has been synthesized through a copper‐catalysed click reaction. In order to synthesize the hyperbranched block, propargyl alcohol‐initiated ring‐opening multibranching polymerization of glycidol was used to prepare hbPG with the propargyl segment in the focal point (CHChbPG). Separately, PEG was functionalized at both ends using cyanuric chloride, and then the chloride groups of cyanuric chloride were substituted by azide groups. Finally, the azide‐functionalized PEG was conjugated to CHChbPG via a click reaction. Substitution of the chlorine atoms of cyanuric chloride under different conditions together with click chemistry allows the synthesis of a variety of polymeric architectures. In the last step, fluorescein was attached to the block copolymer as a fluorescent probe in order to study the cell internalization of this copolymer. This type of triblock copolymer is a promising future nanomaterial for simultaneous drug delivery and cell imaging. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Formation and Penetration of Jets by Shaped Charges with Reactive Material Liners
Authors: Wang Yongzhi , Yu Qingbo , Zheng Yuanfeng , Wang Haifu 
Published: February 2016

AbstractReactive material lining is an efficient damage enhancement technology that incorporates the defeat mechanisms of kinetic energy and chemical energy. The liners are fabricated by cold isostatically pressing at a pressure of 250 MPa. In this paper, the formation behaviors of jet with the polymer‐based reactive material liner are investigated by numerical simulation and X‐ray photographs. The corresponding simulations of jet formation are presented, and the results agree well with experimental ones. They show that the reactive material liner can shape almost continuous and straight jet. Compared with the conventional copper liner, the reactive material liner can shape jet in a shorter time, but the jet break easily and lose stability due to its poor ductility. Although the penetration depth is sacrificed slightly when penetrating steel target, the reactive material liner produce a significantly enlarged hole‐diameter.
The influence of Mg2+ coordination on 13C and 15N chemical shifts in CKI1RD protein domain from experiment and molecular dynamics/density functional theory calculations
Authors: Vícha Jan , Babinský Martin , Demo Gabriel , Otrusinová Olga , Jansen Séverine , Pekárová Blanka , Žídek Lukáš , Munzarová Markéta L. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTSequence dependence of 13C and 15N chemical shifts in the receiver domain of CKI1 protein from Arabidopsis thaliana, CKI1RD, and its complexed form, CKI1RD•Mg2+, was studied by means of MD/DFT calculations. MD simulations of a 20–ns production run length were performed. Nine explicitly hydrated structures of increasing complexity were explored, up to a 40‐amino‐acid structure. The size of the model necessary depended on the type of nucleus, the type of amino acid and its sequence neighbors, other spatially close amino acids, and the orientation of amino acid NH groups and their surface/interior position. Using models covering a 10 and a 15 Å environment of Mg2+, a semi‐quantitative agreement has been obtained between experiment and theory for the V67−I73 sequence. The influence of Mg2+ binding was described better by the 15 Å as compared to the 10 Å model. Thirteen chemical shifts were analyzed in terms of the effect of Mg2+ insertion and geometry preparation. The effect of geometry was significant and opposite in sign to the effect of Mg2+ binding. The strongest individual effects were found for 15N of D70, S74, and V68, where the electrostatics dominated; for 13Cβ of D69 and 15N of K76, where the influences were equal, and for 13Cα of F72 and 13Cβ of K76, where the geometry adjustment dominated. A partial correlation between dominant geometry influence and torsion angle shifts upon the coordination has been observed. Proteins 2016; 84:686–699. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differential gene expression patterns during embryonic development of sea urchin exposed to triclosan
Authors: Hwang Jinik , Suh Sung‐Suk , Park Mirye , Park So Yun , Lee Sukchan , Lee Taek‐Kyun 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTTriclosan (TCS; 2,4,4′‐trichloro‐2′‐hydroxydiphenyl ether) is a broad‐spectrum antibacterial agent used in common industrial, personal care and household products which are eventually rinsed down the drain and discharged with wastewater effluent. It is therefore commonly found in the aquatic environment, leading to the continual exposure of aquatic organisms to TCS and the accumulation of the antimicrobial and its harmful degradation products in their bodies. Toxic effects of TCS on reproductive and developmental progression of some aquatic organisms have been suggested but the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been defined. We investigated the expression patterns of genes involved in the early development of TCS‐treated sea urchin Strongylocentrotus nudus using cDNA microarrays. We observed that the predominant consequence of TCS treatment in this model system was the widespread repression of TCS‐modulated genes. In particular, empty spiracles homeobox 1 (EMX‐1), bone morphogenic protein, and chromosomal binding protein genes showed a significant decrease in expression in response to TCS. These results suggest that TCS can induce abnormal development of sea urchin embryos through the concomitant suppression of a number of genes that are necessary for embryonic differentiation in the blastula stage. Our data provide new insight into the crucial role of genes associated with embryonic development in response to TCS. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 426–433, 2017.
Anion‐Dependence of Ytterbium Complexes and Their NIR Luminescence
Authors: Wang Jiliang , Li Hongfeng , Chen Peng , Zhang Meiqi , Sun Wenbin , Yan Pengfei 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe reaction of 2‐aldehyde‐8‐hydroxyquinoline, histamine, and YbX3·6H2O (X = NO3–, ClO4–) affords two ytterbium complexes [Yb(nma)2]·ClO4·2CH2Cl2 (1) and [Yb(nma)(NO3)2(DMSO)]·CH3OH (2) (Hnma = N‐(2‐(8‐hydroxylquinolinyl)methane(2‐(4‐imidazolyl)ethanamine))). The crystal structures were determined by X‐ray diffraction and it has been revealed that the anions have played important role in the assembly. In the case of 1, the Yb3+ ions are completely encapsulated by two nma ligands with uncoordinated perchlorate anion balancing the positive charge. In the case of 2, the Yb3+ ions are ligated by the ligand, oxygen atoms of the nitrate ion, and DMSO. Both complexes exhibit essential NIR luminescence of Yb3+ ions.