bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community structure and the behavior of transnational sustainability governors: Toward a multi‐relational approach
Authors: Fransen Luc , Schalk Jelmer , Auld Graeme 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHundreds of transnational private governance organizations (TPGOs) have emerged in recent decades to govern social and environmental conditions of production using voluntary standards. A debate persists over whether the ties among different TPGOs and other organizations create a professional community that affects the behavior of TPGOs. To help resolve this debate, we analyze multiple ties among agriculture TPGOs to offer a more robust exploration of community structures and their potential effects for three forms of TPGO behavior – coordination, collaboration, and isomorphism. Our aggregate measure of ties reveals a thin community dominated by older TPGOs and TPGOs advancing a broad notion of sustainability that were created by Solidaridad, the World Wildlife Fund, and/or Unilever. The clearest community structures are built from ties that exhibit the potential for not actual collaboration, coordination, and isomorphism. Thus, while there exists convergence toward an emergent TPGO‐community, obstacles remain to more intense behavioral effects for TPGOs.
Generation of red drum(Sciaenops ocellatus)hematology Reference Intervals with a focus on identified outliers
Authors: Harr Kendal E. , Deak Kristina , Murawski Steven A. , Reavill Drury R. , Takeshita Ryan A. 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundTheDeepwater Horizon(DWH) oil spill in 2010 released millions of barrels of crude oil into the northern Gulf of Mexico, exposing numerous species of animals to the toxic components of oil. A comprehensive assessment of morbidity and mortality caused byDWHoil exposure was undertaken by theDWHNatural Resource Damage Trustees to characterize ecosystem damages.ObjectivesThis study aimed to characterize normal hematologicRIs in red drum fish with blood cell descriptions, and to demonstrate the importance of identifying and removing outliers when generatingRI.MethodsTwo years after the oil spill, 57 adult, red drum fish of mixed sexes were caught along the eastern Louisiana coastline. Eight different sites were chosen to catch the fish; 6 sites were contaminated with oil, and 2 sites were not contaminated at the time of the oil spill. HematologicRIs were generated from heparinized whole blood samples of healthy red drum as determined by gross examination and histopathologic examination. Two methods were used to detect hematologic effects likely caused by oil contamination.ResultsRed drumPCVs (RI 42–62%) were higher than previously reported in cold water and bottom‐dwelling fish species, while absoluteWBCcounts (RI 2.9–8.7 × 109/L) were comparable toWBCcounts previously reported in other fish species with heterophil and lymphocyte absolute concentrations frequently being equivalent. Anemic animals (PCV<42%) were only identified in oil‐contaminated sites.ConclusionRIs in many wild fish species are lacking, and therefore, this study provides valuable baseline data on healthy red drum fish. The outliers assessed usingASVCP RIguidelines can provide valuable clinical information regarding individuals in population health assessments, which may be more sensitive for the detection of abnormalities than for population statistics comparing the mean. The importance of removing outliers and rerunningRIstatistics is highlighted by this field example.
Carbon dioxide emission and its regulation at land–water interface downstream of a point source at Ganga River (India)
Authors: Jaiswal Deepa , Siddiqui Ekabal , Verma Kavita , Pandey Jitendra 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe streams and rivers are considered hotspots of CO2 exchange; and representative direct CO2 emission measurements are essential for a correct regional estimate. We measured CO2 emission flux at 15 sites at land–water interface downstream of a point source during low flow for three consecutive months for the year 2017. The general range of CO2 efflux observed here was close to the results of regional studies, although values near the point source were disproportionately high (>350 mg/m2/h). CO2 emission flux showed strong dependence on total organic carbon (TOC; R2 = 0.96; P < 0.001),
(R2 = 0.88; P < 0.001), soluble reactive‐P (SRP; R2 = 0.91; P < 0.001) and microbial activity measured in terms of fluorescein diacetate activity (FDAase; R2 = 0.92; P < 0.001) and substrate induced respiration (SIR; R2 = 0.96; P < 0.001). Because point source‐associated interfaces provide heterogeneous habitats, our study suggests the need for large scale monitoring of CO2 emission at land–water interface of major rivers for more correctly presenting the regional scale CO2 budget.
Linking species traits to agroecosystem services: a functional analysis of weed communities
Authors: Bàrberi P , Bocci G , Carlesi S , Armengot L , Blanco‐Moreno J M , Sans F X 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThere is a growing interest in the use of functional approaches for the study of weed assemblages, to disentangle underlying processes determining their composition and dynamics. Functional approaches are based on the assumption that weed community composition and dynamics can be best explained by a set of species traits expressing their response to agricultural disturbance. This knowledge should help develop more sustainable, ecologically based weed management systems. Trait‐based data required for this kind of analysis are available from various sources, but most of them either cover mainly non‐weedy species or, in the case of weed‐focussed trait databases, they cover a limited number of species. In this work, we present a trait database for 240 weed species common throughout Europe, including not only response traits but also effect traits, that is linked to selected agroecosystem services and disservices. A case study is presented where our weed trait database is used in conjunction with appropriate statistical analysis to highlight the distribution of weed functional groups in soyabean crop communities from an experiment including different tillage and weed management systems. Finally, we discuss the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of this functional approach. By highlighting the links between weed species and agroecosystem (dis)services, this approach could be a useful resource for scientists, farm managers and policymakers.
Continuous Blending for Processes
Authors: Ulvila Ed 
Published: January 2018

The purpose of continuous blending is to be able to feed downstream processing equipment without interruption which helps assure a continuous flow of product out of the processing plant to the consumer shelves. Over the years a couple of different continuous blending methods have been employed with slight variations. Most successful systems employ batching or in-line continuous systems that are based on volumetric flow or mass flow of ingredients.
Paper published with permission.
Manufacturing Execution System = “Empowerment”
Authors: Ricker Jim 
Published: January 2018

Today’s e-Commerce systems are applying pressure on the manufacturing industry. Shorter lead times, smaller production runs, just-in-time inventory and build-to-order are all manufacturing operations’ nightmares. Worse, with ERP, CRM, APS and SCM, each application provides significant content but it is very difficult to make them all work together. The Manufacturing Execution System is the glue that turns all the pieces of the puzzle into one solid solution. Manufacturing Execution System accomplishes this by becoming the source of real-time production/fulfillment data and the central data source.
Manufacturing Execution System applications effectively fall into the following areas:
_ Enterprise system integration
_ Production tracking w/genealogy
_ Real-time Inventory Management
_ Manufacturing operations management
* (ERP - enterprise resource management, CRM - customer relationship management, APS - advanced planning and scheduling, SCM - supply chain management).
Paper published with permission.
Evaporator Automation
Authors: Milla Jose “Danny” , Bellarde Marcelo 
Published: January 2018

TASTE evaporators were invented in the 1960’s in order to improve the flavor of concentrated orange juice. Most of the evaporators in service at this time were of the forced re-circulation type and the concentrated product was of inferior quality and had burned or cooked flavors. TASTE is an acronym for Temperature Accelerated Short Time Evaporator and its innovation was to reduce the temperature and amount of contact time that the juice spent in this thermally abusive environment.
In this paper, the authors would like to explore two different but complementary issues concerning evaporators. One discussion concerns streamlining the process and operation of evaporators in order to gain multiple benefits in a plant environment. The other is to discuss new control technologies, specifically “Advanced” or Model Predictive Control and its application to automated °Brix control.
Paper published with permission.
Flow and Heat Transfer Through Helix Tubular Coils Theory and Practice for Pasteurization and Sterilization and Potential for the Citrus Industry
Authors: Young Gary C. , Carlson Robert 
Published: January 2018

Pathogens are becoming more important than they have in the past. This is due to many factors, including the critical segments of the population (young, elderly, pregnant women, and individuals without natural immunity) now make-up 25% of the population. Analytical techniques are refined so that illnesses and their sources can be identified. Obviously, in the past, many sick people either were not treated and it was not proven why they were sick, or, they passed away and their death was termed “due to natural causes.” Also, the types of organisms that cause food-borne diseases of one type or another have increased over the years. At one time, organisms such as E. coli were simply an indicator of unsanitary conditions or fecal material. Now small numbers of certain strains of E. coli can cause severe illnesses and death.
Paper published with permission.
Process Safety Management and Risk Management Program (PSM/RMP) Audits: Are You Prepared?
Authors: Ira Martha Mead 
Published: January 2018

In June 1996, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) promulgated 40 CFR Part 68, Accidental Release Prevention Requirements: Risk Management Programs (RMP) Under Clean Air Act, Section 112 r (7), commonly called the RMP rule. Much of the RMP rule was already required by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s (OSHA) 29 CFR 1910.119 Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals (the PSM Standard), which had been issued four years earlier. Because both of these regulations include anhydrous ammonia at a threshold level of 10,000 lbs., many refrigerated warehousing and manufacturing facilities are subject to them. Since the two regulations have the same threshold quantity for ammonia, facilities that are subject to RMP are also subject to PSM. While the focus of the two regulations differs, there are many common requirements, as shown in Table 1, Comparison of Process Safety Management and Risk Management Program Requirements. Both rules require the development of extensive accident prevention programs, which include Process Hazard Analyses, operation and maintenance procedures, training, and emergency response plans. The RMP rule also requires Offsite Consequence Analyses and a Plan summary submittal to the EPA before a process starts up and at five-year intervals thereafter. The Program 3 Prevention Program required to satisfy RMP, is almost identical to a PSM program. Most subject facilities, therefore, use their PSM Program to serve as their RMP Prevention Program. In Florida, the Department of Community Affairs (DCA) took delegation of the RMP rule from the EPA and is the enforcing agency in this state. Since the summer of 2000, the DCA has been auditing RMP facilities for compliance with the rule, and their list of audit subjects has included several citrus manufacturing facilities. The DCA staff has been performing very thorough audits, looking closely at all of the RMP Prevention Program, or PSM Program, elements and evaluating their implementation status at each site. The DCA typically cites RMP Prevention Program deficiencies in the following areas: Mechanical Integrity, Standard Operating Procedures, Process Hazard Analysis, training records, incident investigation reporting, compliance audits, and emergency response planning. Although Florida does not have a State-OSHA program, the DCA is, effectively, serving in this function as they audit the PSM programs of refrigerated facilities throughout the state. Facility owners should therefore ensure that their PSM/RMP Prevention Programs are well developed and well implemented prior to a DCA audit.
Paper published with permission.
Use of 3-A Standards in the Juice Industry
Authors: Rugh Timothy R. 
Published: January 2018

3-A Sanitary Standards, Inc. (3-A SSI) is a not-for-profit 501(c)(3) organization whose mission is to enhance product safety for consumers of food, beverages, and pharmaceutical products through the development and use of 3-A Sanitary Standards and 3-A Accepted Practices. This presentation is intended to introduce the significance of 3-A Standards and Accepted Practices for the dairy and food processing industries, describe the formation and role of the new 3-A SSI, and present the benefits of expanding the use of 3-A Standards into new industries, such as the juice industry, for the mutual benefit of equipment fabricators, users, and regulatory professionals.
Paper published with permission.
World-Class Standards for Ammonia Refrigeration Systems
Authors: DeMarco Joseph N. 
Published: January 2018

In spite of the fact that anhydrous ammonia is classified as a highly hazardous chemical, it continues to be the preferred refrigerant for industrial refrigeration users. Ammonia systems offer high-energy efficiency, low capital cost, and simplicity that other systems simply cannot match. This paper summarizes Tropicana’s approach to addressing possible safety concerns with their large refrigeration systems, by developing and implementing “World-Class” standards, and upgrading existing plant facilities. The largest single undertaking in this process was the building of a 14,000-ton compressor room in Bradenton, Florida, to replace a large and antiquated central machine room. This complex and difficult project required a thorough consideration of refrigeration design principles and serves as the major backdrop for the following discussion. It is hoped that others can learn from this juice processor’s experience in search of “World-Class” standards for safety, reliability, and efficiency of their refrigeration systems. Enhancing the safety of a plant’s ammonia systems should be a common goal for all processors in our industry.
Paper published with permission.
Integration of Statistical Process Control Data Into Control and Information Systems for Production Optimization and Regulatory Compliance
Authors: Fair Douglas C. , Redifer Jim 
Published: January 2018

Data and Information from the plant floor is proliferating as more sophisticated machinery, instrumentation, and computer based devices are introduced into the manufacturing process. The use of Statistic Process Control to utilize this data goes beyond just measuring and analyzing product specific information. Food processing and manufacturing operations need to integrate real-time data and SPC data analysis into their operation in order to be a world-class manufacturer.
To facilitate these goals, an organization must have a vision for an automation and information infrastructure as well as a data strategy. This discussion will touch on a number of key points in formulating that vision, as well as some specific functionalities using data and SPC that one would want to achieve.
Paper published with permission.
Energy Savings and Opportunities in the Citrus Industry
Authors: Lewis Nathaniel , Thomas Charles 
Published: January 2018

The following opportunities have significant potential to reduce the energy needs of a citrus plant. Each opportunity is identified with specific recommendations. The recent increases in fuel cost have renewed the interest and necessity to review the energy saving opportunities. Measures that were not economical a couple of years ago may now have respectable paybacks.
The opportunities are divided into the following topics:
• Boiler
• Feed Mill
• Refrigeration
• Evaporation
• Rates
Paper published with permission.
Machine Safety: Risk Assessment, Risk Reduction
Authors: Ladd Michael D. 
Published: January 2018

Worker safety is an issue of major concern worldwide. Evidence to this fact is noted with recent efforts to harmonize US machine safety standards with that of the European Machinery Directive. Changes to the US standards have a dramatic affect on new equipment design. Additionally, older machinery that is still in use must now be upgraded to meet these new requirements. In other words, the end user must now follow the same standards as new equipment manufacturers.
Paper published with permission.
Energy Efficient Lighting Design Criteria: Cost-Effective Solutions in an Industrial Environment
Authors: Agraz Frank J. , Maneri John 
Published: January 2018

The continual rising cost of energy, existing outdated lighting technology, and inefficient lighting designs have given property owners the opportunity to improve their facilities by retrofitting their existing luminaires with an energy efficient lighting system. A lighting retrofit uses the existing electrical infrastructure to replace, relocate, or convert existing luminaires with the latest generation of cost-effective components.
New lighting technology has emerged within the last 6 years that generates energy savings of 40% to 50% while maintaining existing light levels. These upgraded and field-tested solutions lower energy consumption, generate a healthy financial return on investment, and can improve both the quality and quantity of light in the task area.
As with any other solution, a cost-effective lighting system must be designed and engineered carefully to accommodate the needs of each work space. Simply installing a new lamp into an existing luminaire will not necessarily guarantee substantial energy savings or an improved lighting environment. In any space that uses electric lighting, the lighting designer must evaluate potential solutions for energy consumption, maintenance concerns, delivered light levels, hostile environments, and the overall economic impact of installing and long-term operation of the new system.
In this paper, the author will discuss energy efficient lighting design criteria and how a lighting designer properly engineers a retrofit project to deliver energy savings without sacrificing light levels. The discussion includes a summary of both traditional and emerging technologies, and the long-term impact on energy consumption, maintenance, return on investment, lighting quality, and delivered light levels.
Paper published with permission.
Update on Huanglongbing Progression and Current Research in Florida
Authors: Brlansky R. H. 
Published: January 2018

Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) or citrus greening disease has been in Florida since at least 2005 and has spread to all of the citrus producing regions. The Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri) is the insect that transmits the suspected causal bacterium which is tentatively named Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. Symptoms of the disease are first the yellow shoot (huanglongbing) and the development of the blotchy mottle symptom in the leaves. Mineral deficiency symptoms are often found on infected trees and may mimic normal deficiency symptoms. Fruit on infected trees may be small and lopsided and may abscise prematurely and therefore productivity is reduced. Tree decline eventually occurs. The suspected causal bacterium has not been obtained in pure culture and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test along with symptoms, is the only way to verify infected trees. All citrus cultivars appear susceptible. Current management strategies are chemical and biological control to reduced psyllid populations, inspections for infected trees and removal of infected trees to reduce the available pathogen inoculum. Current research on psyllid control, psyllid transmission, symptomology, detection, culturing the causal agent, development of new detection methods, alternative hosts of the psyllid and the causal agent, physiology of the disease, resistant or tolerant cultivar development and more is discussed. HLB is a major problem for citrus production and often limits commercial production.
Paper published with permission.
Rheological Behavior of Citrus Pulp and its Application to Aseptic Processing
Authors: Levati Manuele 
Published: January 2018

High-density citrus pulp is becoming increasingly popular in the beverage industry; however, its unique rheological behavior poses some challenges for its processing in heat exchangers, including high pressures resulting from its high viscosity and the difficulties producing an even mixture. The rheological behavior of 850 g/l citrus pulp has been studied at different temperatures between 20 °C and 80 °C and applied to computerized fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of flow in circular pipes and annular heat exchangers in order to determine flow characteristics and solutions for pulp mixing.
Paper published with permission.
Antibiotic Resistance Plasmids Cointegrated into a Megaplasmid Harboring the
bla
OXA-427
Carbapenemase Gene
Authors: Desmet Stefanie , Nepal Suruchi , van Dijl Jan Maarten , Van Ranst Marc , Chlebowicz Monika A. , Rossen John W. , Van Houdt Jeroen K. J. , Maes Piet , Lagrou Katrien , Bathoorn Erik 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

OXA-427 is a new class D carbapenemase encountered in different species of
Enterobacteriaceae
in a Belgian hospital. To study the dispersal of this gene, we performed a comparative analysis of two plasmids containing the
bla
OXA-427
gene, isolated from a
Klebsiella pneumoniae
strain and an
Enterobacter cloacae
complex strain. The two IncA/C2 plasmids containing
bla
OXA-427
share the same backbone; in the
K. pneumoniae
strain, however, this plasmid is cointegrated into an IncFIb plasmid, forming a 321-kb megaplasmid with multiple multiresistance regions.
Intrapulmonary Pharmacokinetics of Lascufloxacin in Healthy Adult Volunteers
Authors: Furuie Hidetoshi , Tanioka Sayoko , Shimizu Keiko , Manita Shigeru , Nishimura Masaharu , Yoshida Hisao 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

This study was performed to investigate the intrapulmonary penetration of lascufloxacin in humans. Thirty healthy adult male Japanese subjects, allocated into five groups, received lascufloxacin in a single oral dose of 75 mg. Bronchoalveolar lavage and blood sampling were performed simultaneously in each subject at 1, 2, 4, 6, or 24 h after administration, and lascufloxacin concentrations in plasma, epithelial lining fluid, and alveolar macrophages were determined. Lascufloxacin was rapidly distributed to the epithelial lining fluid with a time to maximum drug concentration (
T
max
) of 1 h, which was identical to that in plasma. The maximum concentration of drug (
C
max
) values in plasma, epithelial lining fluid, and alveolar macrophages were 0.576, 12.3, and 21.8 μg/ml, respectively. The corresponding area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h (AUC
0–24
) values were 7.67, 123, and 325 μg · h/ml. The mean drug concentrations in the epithelial lining fluid and alveolar macrophages were much higher than those in plasma at all time points examined, and the average site-to-free plasma concentration ratios fell within the ranges of 57.5 to 86.4 and 71.0 to 217, respectively. Drug levels in epithelial lining fluid and alveolar macrophages exceeded the MIC
90
values for common respiratory pathogens. (This study was registered at JAPIC under registration number JapicCTI-142547.)