bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A mixed-paradigm component architecture for implementing
web-based game servers
Authors: Friese Stefan , Rother Kristian 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Games are a well-suited testbed for the development
and evaluation of concepts and tools in artificial intelligence
(AI). In our paper we outline the architecture of
a web-based game server that was developed to support
the teaching of artificial intelligence at the university level
as well as research in the domain of AI and rule-based language
development. The server combines a Prolog-based
declarative approach with Java-based server technologies.
The architecture consists of multiple, strictly separated
components. Declarative components comprise the gameindependent
core engine as well as game-dependent logic
and visualization descriptions. General operations (e.g.
user management, load balancing, match maintenance
etc.) and rendering of the visualization descriptions with
actual GUI techniques are implemented imperatively. External
interfaces are provided to integrate remote developers
and learners to facilitate usage beyond the borders of a
single university.
Implementation of algebraic procedures on the
GPU using CUDA architecture on the example of
generalized eigenvalue problem
Authors: Syrocki Łukasz , Pestka Grzegorz 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The ready to use set of functions to facilitate
solving a generalized eigenvalue problem for symmetric
matrices in order to efficiently calculate eigenvalues and
eigenvectors, using Compute Unified Device Architecture
(CUDA) technology from NVIDIA, is provided. An integral
part of the CUDA is the high level programming environment
enabling tracking both code executed on Central Processing
Unit and on Graphics Processing Unit. The presented
matrix structures allow for the analysis of the advantages
of using graphics processors in such calculations.
Design of on-line system for measuring and
tracking time of assembly
Authors: Senderská Katarína , Mareš Albert , Evin Emil 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Manual assembly performed at assembly workstations
nowadays still has a unique place in different
kinds of production. To increase the productivity and quality
of manual assembly it is necessary to analyse the existing
workplaces and find ways to improve and streamline
work done at these workplaces. The article deals with
the design of a model for on-line analysis of a manual assembly
process. The proposed model is based on the use of
sensors or the so-called button-box and the use of software
for recording and evaluating data. Based on the obtained
data it is then possible to evaluate the time characteristics
of the assembly process, aswell as to find sources of delays
and mistakes and then take appropriate action to correct
them.
Design of Passive Power Filter for Hybrid Series Active Power Filter using Estimation, Detection and Classification Method
Authors: Swain Sushree Diptimayee , Ray Pravat Kumar , Mohanty K.B. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This research paper discover the design of a shunt Passive Power Filter (PPF) in Hybrid Series Active Power Filter (HSAPF) that employs a novel analytic methodology which is superior than FFT analysis. This novel approach consists of the estimation, detection and classification of the signals. The proposed method is applied to estimate, detect and classify the power quality (PQ) disturbance such as harmonics. This proposed work deals with three methods: the harmonic detection through wavelet transform method, the harmonic estimation by Kalman Filter algorithm and harmonic classification by decision tree method. From different type of mother wavelets in wavelet transform method, the db8 is selected as suitable mother wavelet because of its potency on transient response and crouched oscillation at frequency domain. In harmonic compensation process, the detected harmonic is compensated through Hybrid Series Active Power Filter (HSAPF) based on Instantaneous Reactive Power Theory (IRPT). The efficacy of the proposed method is verified in MATLAB/SIMULINK domain and as well as with an experimental set up. The obtained results confirm the superiority of the proposed methodology than FFT analysis. This newly proposed PPF is used to make the conventional HSAPF more robust and stable.
A direct algorithm in some free boundary problems
Authors: Murea Cornel M. , Tiba Dan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this paper we propose a new algorithm for the well known elliptic obstacle problem and for parabolic variational inequalities like one- and two- phase Stefan problem and of obstacle type. Our approach enters the category of fixed domain methods and solves just linear elliptic or parabolic equations and their discretization at each iteration. We prove stability and convergence properties. The approximating coincidence set is explicitly computed and it converges in the Hausdorff-Pompeiu sense to the searched geometry. In the numerical examples, the algorithm has a very fast convergence and the obtained solutions (including the free boundaries) are accurate.
Parabolic sublinear operators with rough kernel generated by parabolic calderön-zygmund operators and parabolic local campanato space estimates for their commutators on the parabolic generalized local morrey spaces
Authors: Gurbuz Ferit 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this paper, the author introduces parabolic generalized local Morrey spaces and gets the boundedness of a large class of parabolic rough operators on them. The author also establishes the parabolic local Campanato space estimates for their commutators on parabolic generalized local Morrey spaces. As its special cases, the corresponding results of parabolic sublinear operators with rough kernel and their commutators can be deduced, respectively. At last, parabolic Marcinkiewicz operator which satisfies the conditions of these theorems can be considered as an example.
A polysemy account of alternating verbs of creation in Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: Amaral Luana 
Published: May 2016

AbstractVerbs of creation such aswriteandpaint, in English and in other languages, occur in two distinct types of sentences: transitive or intransitive (The teacher wrote the letter/The teacher wrote (a lot)andThe artist painted a picture/The artist painted (a lot)). In this paper, we provide an analysis of such syntactic alternation, drawing on data from Brazilian Portuguese. We argue that this syntactic phenomenon is triggered by a semantic process of polysemy, and not by an argument alternation, as is assumed by some authors. We show evidence to support our proposal, namely, the distinct aspectual interpretations of the different sentences with verbs of creation, the distinct prefixation withre- in the transitive and intransitive forms, and the polysemy found in the nominalizations of the analyzed verbs. In order to formalize our semantic account, we propose a type of representation, a predicate decomposition structure enriched by a simple truth-conditional semantics of the root.
A phase-theoretic approach to cliticization in Romance
Authors: Gallego Ángel J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis paper puts forward an analysis of cliticization within the framework of phases (cf. Chomsky 2000et seq.). In particular, it is argued that object clitics in Romance A-move as XPs to the v*P phase edge, adhering to standard locality constraints (the Phase Impenetrability Condition). The proposal is explored in the context of clitic climbing (and “restructuring”), which is related here to the existence of defective domains where the relevant Probe (v*) fails to assign Case to the Goal (the clitic). Finally, the possibility that semantic effects are associated to climbing (cf. Uriagereka 2002) is also considered, in line with the interpretation triggered by displacement processes of the object shift sort (cf. Chomsky 2001).
Preparation and conformation of 3,4-anhydro-1,2-O-isopropylidene-5-O-mesyl-β-d-tagatopyranose and methyl 4-chloro-4-deoxy-1,3,5-tri-O-mesyl-β-d-fructopyranoside
Authors: Voss Jürgen , Polchow-Stein Kerstin , Adiwidjaja Gunadi 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The treatment of 3-O-acetyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-4,5-di-O-methanesulfonyl-β-d-fructopyranose with sodium methoxide led to the crystalline epoxy-sugar 3,4-anhydro-1,2-O-isopropylidene-5-O-methanesulfonyl-β-d-tagatopyranose, the structure of which was determined by X-ray diffraction. Solvolysis of the epoxide with methanolic hydrogen chloride and subsequent mesylation gave methyl 4-chloro-4-deoxy-1,3,5-tri-O-methanesulfonyl-β-d-fructopyranoside which was also characterized by X-ray structure determination.
Gold nanocrystal arrays as electrocatalysts for the oxidation of methanol and ethanol
Authors: Davi Martin , Schultze Tim , Kleinschmidt Denise , Schiefer Frank , Hahn Birgit , Slabon Adam 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
A general difficulty in the comparison of catalysts regarding their electrochemical activities is the significant dependency on the electrode preparation method. In addition to single-crystal, thin-film, and polycrystalline electrodes, most electrocatalysts contain a physical mixture of catalytically active nanocrystals (NCs), conductive carbon support, and binding agent. This type of preparation makes the agglomeration of NCs to larger entities inevitable and simultaneously decreases the catalytically active surface area. In this work, electocatalysts based on two-dimensional arrays of self-assembled monodisperse Au NCs with a particle size of 8 nm have been fabricated. Their electrocatalytic performance in the electrochemical oxidation reaction of methanol and ethanol was investigated for different pH values. The self-assembly of Au NCs into two-dimensional arrays enables to fabricate electrocatalysts with a high mass activity in alkaline electrolytes for alcohol oxidation reactions.
Modeling Cotton Lint Yield and Water Use Efficiency Responses to Irrigation Scheduling Using Cotton2K
Authors: Attia Ahmed , Rajan Nithya , Nair Shyam S. , DeLaune Paul B. , Xue Qingwu , Ibrahim Amir M. H. , Hays Dirk B. 
Published: May 2016

Decreasing groundwater supplies and increasing variability in weather challenge profitable cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production in the Texas Rolling Plains. A modeling study was conducted using the Cotton2K model using weather data from 1980 to 2010 (31 yr) from the Texas Rolling Plains. Our objective was to study cotton yield, water use efficiency (WUE), and economic returns responses to irrigation, which included a combination of six evapotranspiration (ET) replacement levels (40, 60, 80, 100, 120, and 140% ET) and four irrigation durations (4, 6, 8, and 10 wk). The model was initially calibrated and validated using field data. Calibrated model was then used to run simulation scenarios. Maximum lint yield of 1838 kg ha−1 was obtained by irrigating at 111% ET for 10 wk while maximum WUE of 2.65 kg ha−1 mm−1 was obtained by irrigating at 85% ET for 8 wk or 96% ET for 10 wk. This maximum lint yield required 530 mm of irrigation and 880 mm of total water. Maximum economic returns of US$1610 ha−1 was obtained with 516 mm of irrigation water. However, if this amount of water is not available for irrigation, deficit irrigation at 85% ET for 8 wk is a good alternative strategy as it produced 1560 kg lint ha−1 and $1240 ha−1 economic returns with improved WUE. Our results indicate that scheduling irrigation by considering cotton ET demand could increase lint yield, WUE, and profit in the Texas Rolling Plains.Core Ideas

Core IdeasCrop models can be used for agronomic and economic assessments.
Core IdeasCotton2K can be used to simulate the yield of cotton in semi‐arid regions.
Core Ideas85% ET replacement is a promising deficit irrigation strategy for the Texas Rolling Plains.
An Explanation of Yield Differences in Three Potato Cultivars
Authors: Oliveira J. S. , Brown H. E. , Gash A. , Moot D. J. 
Published: May 2016

Under ideal growing conditions, yield is the product of intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (PARi) and its conversion efficiency to dry matter (radiation use efficiency, RUE). For potato (Solanum tuberosumL.) the ability of the leaf to convert the PARiinto carbohydrates (source) and the storage capacity of the tubers (sink) affect the potential growth of individual tubers and therefore crop yield. This study describes these mechanisms for three commercial potato cultivars (Bondi, Fraser, and Russet Burbank) grown in non‐limiting field conditions. At final harvest Bondi had the largest tuber yield and produced heavier but fewer tubers compared with Fraser and Russet Burbank. All crops had similar total accumulated radiation interception (Rcum), and yield differences were explained by the RUE which was highest for Bondi, lowest for Fraser, with Russet Burbank intermediate. Fraser had the lowest rate of canopy senescence, maintained the lowest specific leaf area (SLA) for most of the period of tuber bulking and maintained the highest dry matter (DM) allocated to leaves at the end of the tuber filling phase. Throughout the crop growing period Bondi had a larger tuber sink compared with Fraser and Russet Burbank. These results suggest that potato tuber production was limited by the “sink strength” and RUE in the lower yield varieties. The larger sink in Bondi, caused by shorter stolons, enabled higher rates of tuber filling which produced the largest tubers in the middle node positions and the highest average tuber weight per plant among these cultivars.Core IdeasThe tuber yield of three potato cultivars was compared.Yield differences were not determined by total intercepted radiation.Low tuber sink strength and a low radiation use efficiency were detrimental to tuber yield.Leaf photosynthesis down regulation was linked to specific leaf area and canopy longevity.Final stolon length was the first vegetative signal of tuber sink strength during plant growth.
Prevention of neurological complications using a neural monitoring system with a finger electrode in the extreme lateral interbody fusion approach
Authors: Narita Wataru , Takatori Ryota , Arai Yuji , Nagae Masateru , Tonomura Hitoshi , Hayashida Tatsuro , Ogura Taku , Fujiwara Hiroyoshi , Kubo Toshikazu 
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVE
Extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF) is a minimally disruptive surgical procedure that uses a lateral approach. There is, however, concern about the development of neurological complications when this approach is used, particularly at the L4–5 level. The authors performed a prospective study of the effects of a new neural monitoring system using a finger electrode to prevent neurological complications in patients treated with XLIF and compared the results to results obtained in historical controls.

METHODS
The study group comprised 36 patients (12 male and 24 female) who underwent XLIF for lumbar spine degenerative spondylolisthesis or lumbar spine degenerative scoliosis at L4–5 or a lower level. Using preoperative axial MR images obtained at the mid-height of the disc at the treated level, we calculated the psoas position value (PP%) by dividing the distance from the posterior border of the vertebral disc to the posterior border of the psoas major muscle by the anteroposterior diameter of the vertebral disc. During the operation, the psoas major muscle was dissected using an index finger fitted with a finger electrode, and threshold values of the dilator were recorded before and after dissection. Eighteen cases in which patients had undergone the same procedure for the same indications but without use of the finger electrode served as historical controls. Baseline clinical and demographic characteristics, PP values, clinical results, and neurological complications were compared between the 2 groups.

RESULTS
The mean PP% values in the control and finger electrode groups were 17.5% and 20.1%, respectively (no significant difference). However, 6 patients in the finger electrode group had a rising psoas sign with PP% values of 50% or higher. The mean threshold value before dissection in the finger electrode group was 13.1 ± 5.9 mA, and this was significantly increased to 19.0 ± 1.5 mA after dissection (p < 0.001). A strong negative correlation was found between PP% and threshold values before dissection, but there was no correlation with threshold values after dissection. The thresholds after dissection improved to 11 mA or higher in all patients. There were no serious neurological complications in any patient, but there was a significantly lower incidence of transient neurological symptoms in the finger electrode group (7 [38%] of 18 cases vs 5 [14%] of 36 cases, p = 0.047).

CONCLUSIONS
The new neural monitoring system using a finger electrode may be useful to prevent XLIF-induced neurological complications.
Microvascular decompression for tinnitus: systematic review
Authors: Nash Brenton , Carlson Matthew L. , Van Gompel Jamie J. 
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to examine operative outcomes in cases of microvascular decompression (MVD) of cranial nerve (CN) VIII for tinnitus through a critical review of the literature.

METHODS
Forty-three English-language articles were gathered from PubMed and analyzed. In this review, two different case types were distinguished: 1) tinnitus-only symptomatology, which was defined as a patient with tinnitus with or without sensorineural hearing loss; and 2) mixed symptomatology, which was defined as tinnitus with symptoms of other CN dysfunction. This review reports outcomes of those with tinnitus-only symptoms.

RESULTS
Forty-three tinnitus-only cases were found in the literature with a 60% positive outcome rate following MVD. Analysis revealed a 5-year cutoff of preoperative symptom duration before which a good outcome can be predicted with 78.6% sensitivity, and after which a poor outcome can be predicted with 80% specificity.

CONCLUSIONS
As the 60% success rate is more promising than several other therapeutic options open to the chronic tinnitus sufferer, future research into this field is warranted.
Medicare expenditures for elderly patients undergoing surgical clipping or endovascular intervention for subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Bekelis Kimon , Gottlieb Daniel J. , Su Yin , Lanzino Giuseppe , Lawton Michael T. , MacKenzie Todd A. 
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVE
The impact of treatment method—surgical clipping or endovascular coiling—on the cost of care for patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is debated. Here, the authors investigated the association between treatment method and long-term Medicare expenditures in elderly patients with aneurysmal SAH.

METHODS
The authors performed a cohort study of 100% of the Medicare fee-for-service claims data for elderly patients who had undergone treatment for ruptured cerebral aneurysms in the period from 2007 to 2012. To control for measured confounding, the authors used propensity score–adjusted multivariable regression analysis with mixed effects to account for clustering at the hospital referral region (HRR) level. An instrumental variable (regional rates of coiling) analysis was used to control for unmeasured confounding by creating pseudo-randomization on the treatment method.

RESULTS
During the study period, 3210 patients underwent treatment for ruptured cerebral aneurysms and met the inclusion criteria. Of these patients, 1206 (37.6%) had surgical clipping and 2004 (62.4%) had endovascular coiling. The median total Medicare expenditures in the 1st year after admission for SAH were $113,000 (IQR $77,500–$182,000) for surgical clipping and $103,000 (IQR $72,900–$159,000) for endovascular coiling. When the authors adjusted for unmeasured confounders by using an instrumental variable analysis, clipping was associated with increased 1-year Medicare expenditures by $19,577 (95% CI $4492–$34,663).

CONCLUSIONS
In a cohort of Medicare patients with aneurysmal SAH, after controlling for unmeasured confounding, surgical clipping was associated with increased 1-year expenditures in comparison with endovascular coiling.
BRAF V600E mutation and BRAF kinase inhibitors in conjunction with stereotactic radiosurgery for intracranial melanoma metastases
Authors: Xu Zhiyuan , Lee Cheng-Chia , Ramesh Arjun , Mueller Adam C. , Schlesinger David , Cohen-Inbar Or , Shih Han-Hsun , Sheehan Jason P. 
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVE
Recent advancements in molecular biology have identified the BRAF mutation as a common mutation in melanoma. The wide use of BRAF kinase inhibitor (BRAFi) in patients with metastatic melanoma has been established. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of BRAF mutation status and use of BRAFi in conjunction with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS).

METHODS
This was a single-center retrospective study. Patient's charts and electronic records were reviewed for date of diagnosis of primary malignancy, BRAF mutation status, chemotherapies used, date of the diagnosis of CNS metastases, date of SRS, survival, local tumor control after SRS, and adverse events. Patients were divided into 3 groups: Group A, those with mutant BRAF without BRAFi treatment (13 patients); Group B, those with mutant BRAF with BRAFi treatment (17 patients); and Group C, those with wild-type BRAF (35 patients). Within a cohort of 65 patients with the known BRAF mutation status and treated with SRS between 2010 and 2014, 436 individual brain metastases (BMs) were identified. Kaplan-Meier methodology was then used to compare survival based on each binary parameter.

RESULTS
Median survival times after the diagnosis of melanoma BM and after SRS were favorable in patients with a BRAF mutation and treated with SRS in conjunction with BRAFi (Group B) compared with the patients with wild-type BRAF (Group C, 23 vs 8 months and 13 vs 5 months, respectively; p < 0.01, log-rank test). SRS provided a local tumor control rate of 89.4% in the entire cohort of patients. Furthermore, the local control rate was improved in the patients treated with SRS in conjunction with BRAFi (Group B) compared with patients with wild-type (Group C) or with BRAF mutation but no BRAFi (Group A) as an adjunct treatment for BMs.

CONCLUSIONS
BRAF mutation status appears to play an important role as a potent prognostic factor in patients harboring melanoma BM. BRAFi in conjunction with SRS may benefit this group of patients in terms of BM survival and SRS with an acceptable safety profile.
A physical framework for implementing virtual models of intracranial pressure and cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in hydrocephalus shunt testing
Authors: Venkataraman Pranav , Browd Samuel R. , Lutz Barry R. 
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVE
The surgical placement of a shunt designed to resolve the brain's impaired ability to drain excess CSF is one of the most common treatments for hydrocephalus. The use of a dynamic testing platform is an important part of shunt testing that can faithfully reproduce the physiological environment of the implanted shunts.

METHODS
A simulation-based framework that serves as a proof of concept for enabling the application of virtual intracranial pressure (ICP) and CSF models to a physical shunt-testing system was engineered. This was achieved by designing hardware and software that enabled the application of dynamic model-driven inlet and outlet pressures to a shunt and the subsequent measurement of the resulting drainage rate.

RESULTS
A set of common physiological scenarios was simulated, including oscillations in ICP due to respiratory and cardiac cycles, changes in baseline ICP due to changes in patient posture, and transient ICP spikes caused by activities such as exercise, coughing, sneezing, and the Valsalva maneuver. The behavior of the Strata valve under a few of these physiological conditions is also demonstrated.

CONCLUSIONS
Testing shunts with dynamic ICP and CSF simulations can facilitate the optimization of shunts to be more failure resistant and better suited to patient physiology.