bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing FT‐NIR and PLS1 Methodology for Predicting Adulteration in Representative Varieties/Blends of Extra Virgin Olive Oils
Authors: Azizian Hormoz , Mossoba Magdi M. , Fardin‐Kia Ali Reza , Karunathilaka Sanjeewa R. , Kramer John K. G. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIt was previously demonstrated that Fourier transform near infrared (FT‐NIR) spectroscopy and partial least squares (PLS1) were successfully used to assess whether an olive oil was extra virgin, and if adulterated, with which type of vegetable oil and by how much using previously developed PLS1 calibration models. This last prediction required an initial set of four PLS1 calibration models that were based on gravimetrically prepared mixtures of a specific variety of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) spiked with adulterants. The current study was undertaken after obtaining a range of EVOO varieties grown in different countries. It was found that all the different types of EVOO varieties investigated belonged to four distinct groups, and each required the development of additional sets of specific PLS1 calibration models to ensure that they can be used to predict low concentrations of vegetable oils high in linoleic, oleic, or palmitic acid, and/or refined olive oil. These four distinct sets of PLS1 calibration models were required to cover the range of EVOO varieties with a linoleic acid content from 1.3 to 15.5 % of total fatty acids. An FT‐NIR library was established with 66 EVOO products obtained from California and Europe. The quality and/or purity of EVOO were assessed by determining the FT‐NIR Index, a measure of the volatile content of EVOO. The use of these PLS1 calibration models made it possible to predict the authenticity of EVOO and the identity and quantity of potential adulterant oils in minutes.
Les justifications de la prestation compensatoire dans le discours juridique français
Authors: Bouabdallah Safia , Sayn Isabelle 
Published: September 2016

Résumé
En 1975, la loi française, à la faveur d’une refonte complète du droit du divorce, a abandonné l’octroi de la traditionnelle pension alimentaire entre ex-époux au profit du versement d’une « prestation compensatoire ». La loi française s’est alors inscrite à rebours des solutions retenues par la plupart des droits européens demeurés fidèles au maintien d’une obligation alimentaire entre ex-époux, expression d’un devoir de secours maintenu au-delà du divorce.
À partir de cette innovation et des débats qu’elle a suscités, tant chez les parlementaires que parmi les juristes français, la présente analyse entend mettre en lumière les justifications apportées par les acteurs du système juridique français à l’existence même d’une compensation financière après divorce. On constate qu’en dépit de l’innovation recherchée, la question des fondements d’une compensation financière après divorce n’a pas trouvé de réponse univoque. La période la plus récente montre cependant une plus grande place faite à la réparation des inégalités liées aux investissements différenciés des époux dans les activités domestiques.
Quand l’économie renouvelle le droit : l’exemple de la justification de l’obligation alimentaire envers l’ex-époux en cas de divorce
Authors: Doriat-Duban Myriam , Bourreau-Dubois Cécile 
Published: September 2016

Résumé
Au tournant des années 1990, un certain nombre de juristes américains se sont interrogés sur les justifications du maintien d’une obligation alimentaire entre ex-époux en cas de divorce, dans une société où l’adultère n’est plus sanctionné par le droit du divorce et où les femmes sont devenues plus autonomes financièrement. C’est dans l’analyse économique qu’ils ont trouvé ces justifications. Cet article revient sur les deux principales approches qui ont retenu l’attention des juristes. La première est issue de l’économie de la famille et repose sur le principe d’efficience. La seconde est tirée de l’économie des contrats et s’intéresse à la nature des relations entre les deux conjoints. Cette attention portée à l’analyse économique est originale du point de vue européen, car l’on ne trouve pas de traces d’une telle démarche dans la doctrine européenne portant sur le traitement juridique des inégalités économiques entre ex-époux au moment du divorce.
Les justifications empiriques de la compensation financière après divorce
Authors: Garbinti Bertrand , Jeandidier Bruno , Lim Helen 
Published: September 2016

RésuméCet article consiste en une vaste revue de la littérature empirique internationale avec pour finalité de montrer dans quelle mesure l’existence d’une prestation compensatoire entre ex-époux lors d’un divorce trouve une assise empirique (statistique). Ce sont principalement deux dimensions qui sont ainsi mises en regard de cette littérature : premièrement, le fait que la compensation soit soumise à une condition d’inégalité de niveau de vie entre ex-époux constatée au moment du divorce et, deuxièmement, le fait que le calcul de la prestation puisse se faire notamment au regard des choix professionnels antérieurs des ex-époux. Notre analyse montre que si la littérature empirique s’accorde positivement assez largement sur la question de l’inégalité de niveau de vie, en revanche la justification empirique du lien entre compensation et choix professionnels antérieurs est nettement moins avérée.
Is high-quality knowledge always beneficial? Knowledge overlap and innovation performance in technological mergers and acquisitions
Authors: Han John , Jo Gil S. , Kang Jina 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis research analyses the effects of the knowledge overlap between acquirer and target firms on the performance of technological mergers and acquisitions (M&As). Extending previous research that has focused on the quantitative characteristics of knowledge, this research introduces a framework capturing the effects of both the quantity and quality of knowledge in overlapped and nonoverlapped parts of the knowledge base on subsequent innovation performance. Analyzing a data set of 192 technological M&As of 162 high-technology firms from 2001 to 2009, the results show that a high quality of overlapped knowledge has a positive effect on subsequent innovation performance, while the effect is negative for nonoverlapped knowledge quality. In addition, this research investigates the influence of the knowledge quantity on subsequent innovation performance. The implication of this research is that the knowledge overlap in technological M&As is essential for acquiring high-quality knowledge from the target firm and for improving innovation performance.
Cacophony of Contestation: Forms of Voice and the Warsaw Taxi Market as a Field of Struggles
Authors: Serafin Marcin 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis article analyses the political struggles in and around the Warsaw taxi market. Drawing on Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of social fields and incorporating Albert Hirschman’s metaphor of political action as voice, I capture the position-taking of members of the taxi field, highlighting the different levels of involvement in the struggles. By distinguishing between different forms of voice—murmuring, jeering, whispering, hissing, grunting, and shouting—I show that the struggles that shape the Warsaw taxi market take the form of struggles over classifications and struggles over opportunities for exchange. I describe how market institutions are established and contested within the political field; enforced and contested within the bureaucratic field; and interpreted and contested within the juridical field. I thus contribute a field theory that investigates the links between fields and especially between economic fields and the state. This article draws on fieldwork conducted in Warsaw between November 2012 and June 2013.
Covert Netherworld: An Invisible Interstice in the Modern World System
Authors: McCoy Alfred W. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis essay explores a domain of geopolitical conflict called “covert netherworld” that has been a seminal in world politics for the past half century and likely to become more central in the century to come. During the Cold War and its aftermath, covert netherworlds formed worldwide through confluence of four essential elements: reliance of modern states oncovert methodsfor power projection at home and abroad; the consequent emergence of aclandestine social milieupopulated by secret services and criminal syndicates; a complementaryillicit economic nexusthat sustains non-state actors and sometimes state security; and finally,spatial dimensionsthat range from a narrow criminal or covert milieu to entire countries or continents. When these elements align, this netherworld can attain the sheer geopolitical power to shape the course of national and international events. To lend substance to these generic elements, the essay explores three arenas of widening geographical scope. At thelocallevel in the southern Philippines, a regional netherworld fostered Islamic insurgency and state counterinsurgency, whilenationalelections were sustained by an illegal lottery, shaping the character of an emerging polity. At thetransnationallevel, France's postcolonial hold on the West African region dubbed Françafrique constrained corruption within state-mediated circuits and entrenched elites at both ends of this bilateral exchange. By contrast, U.S. covert operations in Afghanistan and Central America had divergent outcomes influenced by their degree of congruence with the narcotics traffic, demonstrating that the covert netherworld can exercise sufficient autonomy to be treated as a significant factor in world politics.
Crossing the Bosphorus: Connected Histories of “Other” Muslims in the Post-Imperial Borderlands of Southeast Europe
Authors: Henig David 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSituated in the borderlands of Southeast Europe, this essay explores how enduring patterns of transregional circulation and cosmopolitan sensibility unfold in the lives of dervish brotherhoods in the post-Cold War present. Following recent debates on connected histories in post-colonial studies and historical anthropology, long-standing mobile and circulating societies, and reinvigorated interest in empire, this essay focuses ethnographically on how members of a dervish brotherhood in Bosnia-Herzegovina cultivate relations with places, collectivities, and practices that exist on different temporal, spatial and geopolitical scales. These connections are centered around three modes of articulation—sonic, graphic, and genealogical—through which the dervish disciples imagine and realize transregional relations. This essay begins and concludes with a meditation on the need for a dialogue between ethnography and transregional history in order to appreciate modes of identification and imagination that go beyond the essentializing forms of collective identity that, in the post-imperial epoch, have been dominated by political and methodological nationalism.
Daʿwa, Dynasty, and Destiny in the Arab Gulf
Authors: Samin Nadav 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis article considers the question of collective identity formation in the Arab Gulf by looking at the distinctive ways in which the genealogies of the dominant kinship collective of the United Arab Emirates, the Banī Yās confederation, have been represented by that country's cultural and heritage-making institutions. I look comparatively at two high profile, state-sponsored, Emirati genealogical projects, one a site, and the other a text, and investigate their significance from a historical and ethnographic perspective. I find that the relatively weak religious gravity of the United Arab Emirates allows for unorthodox representations of kinship at the national level, that women do not necessarily buy into these representations yet contribute in their own ways to a kinship nationalist discourse, and that genealogy is nonetheless a particularly fraught idiom for binding together an ethnically heterogeneous society like the Emirates. Approaching the public representation of genealogies through an integrative framework, this article sheds light on important themes in modern Emirati and broader Gulf social and political life, including the complicated place of religious norms in a newly fashioned Muslim nation, the influence of gender on conceptions of kinship and nationhood, and the challenge ethnic heterogeneity poses to an Arab ethno-national project.
Homophobic Muslims: Emerging Trends in Multireligious Singapore
Authors: Ibrahim Nur Amali 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis article examines the recent emergence of homophobia among Muslims in Singapore. While Islamic scriptures were used to justify homophobia, interpretations of these holy texts regarding non-normative sexualities have always been diverse. The anti-homosexuality exegesis of Islamic scriptures gained traction in a particular constellation of contemporary politics. When the state broached a discussion over whether a colonial-era law criminalizing homosexuality should be repealed, evangelical Christians were the first to vigorously support the retention of the law. Evangelical Christian homophobic discourses were soon reproduced by Muslims, whose own conservatism has been rising in recent years. Longstanding state biases against Muslims (who are mostly lower-working-class Malays), however, restricted the expression of their religious conservatism, which makes it useful for them to perform good citizenship by standing alongside evangelical Christians (mostly middle-class Chinese). This article demonstrates that Muslim homophobia has complex roots and explanations that cannot be reduced solely to Islam.
A geochemical and geochronological study of the Early Cretaceous, extension-related Honggong ferroan (A-type) granite in southwestern Zhejiang Province, southeast China
Authors: ZHAO XILIN , JIANG YANG , XING GUANGFU , CHEN ZHIHONG , LIU KAI , YU MINGGANG , YU SHENGYAO 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe Honggong pluton is the largest ferroan alkalic (A-type) granite intrusion emplaced along the Jiangshan–Shaoxing fault zone in southwestern Zhejiang Province, and has important implications for understanding the Late Mesozoic tectonic evolution of SE China. U–Pb ages of 138.7 ± 0.8, 134.2 ± 1.1, 128.5 ± 1.5 and 126.1 ± 0.9 Ma were obtained from zircon by laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry, indicating that the Honggong pluton formed in the Early Cretaceous. The Honggong pluton has a clear ferroan alkalic (A-type) granite geochemical signature with, for example, high total alkali contents and FeOt/(FeOt+ MgO) values. The Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic compositions suggest that there was juvenile material in the magma source. Geochemical evidence indicates that the pluton was derived through extensive fractionation of melts that contained both asthenospheric mantle and Mesoproterozoic crustal components. These rare granites in southern China were emplaced during five episodes at 235–225, 190, 165–155, 100–90 and 140–120 Ma. The age of the Honggong pluton suggests that localized extension in southwestern Zhejiang Province began as early as ~138 Ma and continued to 126 Ma. This Early Cretaceous extensional event was triggered by localized rollback of the subducting Pacific Plate.
Marker detection and elite allele mining for yield traits in Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) by association mapping
Authors: LI C. Q. , DONG N. , FU Y. Z. , SUN R. R. , WANG Q. L. 
Published: September 2016

SUMMARYAssociation mapping based on linkage disequilibrium is an effective approach for dissecting the inheritance of complex multi-gene traits. In the present study, association mapping was performed for yield traits based on 172 popular Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars in China and 331 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The gene diversity index of 331 markers ranged from 0·0387 to 0·7799 with an average of 0·4002, and the polymorphism information content ranged from 0·0379 to 0·7473 with an average of 0·3375. A total of 93 significantly associated markers for seven yield traits were identified across more than one environment, among which 11 were for seed cotton yield, 12 for lint yield, 11 for boll number per plant, 13 for boll weight, 21 for lint percentage, 14 for lint index and 11 for seed index. The corresponding ranges in phenotypic variation explained by markers across four environments for these seven traits were 1·75–10·49, 1·75–9·34, 2·84–11·80, 2·59–9·89, 2·38–13·97, 2·73–14·82 and 2·50–11·88%, respectively. Some of the yield-associated markers detected were found to be linked to or associated with the same traits identified in previous studies. Furthermore, elite alleles for yield traits were also mined. The present study can provide useful information for further understanding the genetic basis of yield traits, and facilitate high-yield breeding by molecular design in Upland cotton.
Morphology and molecular analysis ofOncicola venezuelensis(Acanthocephala: Oligacanthorhynchidae) from the ocelotLeopardus pardalisin Brazil
Authors: Santos E.G.N. , Chame M. , Chagas-Moutinho V.A. , Santos C.P. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractOncicola venezuelensisMarteau, 1977 was found parasitizing adults ofLeopardus pardalis(Linnaeus) found dead in Serra da Capivara National Park, Piauí state, Brazil, a new geographical locality reported for the species. The diversity ofOncicolaTravassos, 1916 species is large, but genetic data are scarce. This article presents the results of genetic, morphological and ultrastructural studies carried out for taxonomic purposes. The first ultrastructural view showed a globular, short proboscis with 36 hooks, divided into six longitudinal rows of six hooks each. Hooks differ in size and shape: hooks I, II and III have a ‘chisel-shaped’ tip. The genetic profile included new sequences of ribosomal DNA ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2, and partial 28S rRNA regions. The results of maximum-likelihood tree analyses for each region showed Oligacanthorhynchidae Southwell et Macfie, 1925 close to Gigantorhynchidae Hamann, 1892 (supported >91%). Both use mammals and birds as definitive hosts. Morphological and ultrastructural studies combined with genetic analysis shed more light on the diversity ofOncicolaspecies.
Additions to the global diversity of Cladonia
Authors: AHTI Teuvo , PINO-BODAS Raquel , FLAKUS Adam , STENROOS Soili 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn our ongoing study of the genus Cladonia, we have encountered several specimens that have proved to represent undescribed species. Four of them are described here as new. Cladonia camerunensis (Cameroon) resembles C. didyma (Fée) Vain., but the former has a coarsely granular surface and a melanotic podetial base; C. compressa (Bolivia) is distinguished by a dominant primary thallus and deeply divided and phyllopodiate podetia; C. longisquama (Seychelles) has well-developed squamules and contains barbatic acid; C. vescula (Bolivia, Peru) differs from C. peziziformis (With.) J. Laundon by an ecorticate podetial surface and the production of homosekikaic acid. The names C. aspera Ahti & Kashiw. and C. crinita (Delise ex Pers.) Ahti are shown to be illegitimate later homonyms and are replaced by the names C. asperula and C. perfoliata, respectively. The neglected name C. botryoides (Tuck.) Vain. is shown to be a synonym of C. squamosa. Another overlooked name, C. crinita Bertol., is shown to be the earliest name for C. evansii, but we propose to retain the latter through conservation. The typification of C. beaumontii Tuck. is amended. Cladonia conspicua is reinstated on the basis of new data. New range extensions in Canada and the United States are given for the poorly documented species C. oricola.
Rhizocarpon quinonum, a new anthraquinone-containing species from the Alaska Peninsula
Authors: McCUNE Bruce , TIMDAL Einar , BENDIKSBY Mika 
Published: September 2016

AbstractRhizocarpon quinonumMcCune, Timdal & Bendiksby is described as a new species from two sites in Katmai National Park, south-western Alaska, in a suboceanic climate near the limit of trees on the Alaska Peninsula. Most similar in external appearance toR. arctogenum,R. bolanderi,R. leptolepis, andR. rittokense, the species is distinguished by the presence of an anthraquinone as a major substance. Mature apothecia are unknown, but ITS sequences are most similar to those ofR. copelandiiandR. jemtlandicum, although those species differ greatly in morphology fromR. quinonum.
Relationships between air pollution, population density, and lichen biodiversity in the Niagara Escarpment World Biosphere Reserve
Authors: McMULLIN Richard Troy , BENNETT Lindsay L. , BJORGAN Owen J. , BOURQUE Danielle A. , BURKE Charlotte J. , CLARKE Mackenzie A. , GUTGESELL Marie K. , KRAWIEC Peter L. , MALYON Rachel , MANTIONE Annemarie , PIOTROWSKI Amanda T. , TAM Nicholas Y. , VAN NATTO Alyson C. , WIERSMA Yolanda F. , NEWMASTER Steven G. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe fragmented ecosystems along the Niagara Escarpment World Biosphere Reserve provide important habitats for biota including lichens. Nonetheless, the Reserve is disturbed by dense human populations and associated air pollution. Here we investigated patterns of lichen diversity within urban and rural sites at three different locations (Niagara, Hamilton, and Owen Sound) along the Niagara Escarpment in Ontario, Canada. Our results indicate that both lichen species richness and community composition are negatively correlated with increasing human population density and air pollution. However, our quantitative analysis of community composition using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) indicates that human population density and air pollution is more independent than might be assumed. The CCA analysis suggests that the strongest environmental gradient (CCA1) associated with lichen community composition includes regional pollution load and climatic variables; the second gradient (CCA2) is associated with local pollution load and human population density factors. These results increase the knowledge of lichen biodiversity for the Niagara Escarpment and urban and rural fragmented ecosystems as well as along gradients of human population density and air pollution; they suggest a differential influence of regional and local pollution loads and population density factors. This study provides baseline knowledge for further research and conservation initiatives along the Niagara Escarpment World Biosphere Reserve.
Peltigera islandica, a new cyanolichen species in sectionPeltigera(‘P. caninagroup’)
Authors: MANOHARAN-BASIL Sheeba S. , MIADLIKOWSKA Jolanta , GOWARD Trevor , ANDRÉSSON Ólafur S. , MIAO Vivian P. W. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA new cyanolichen,Peltigera islandicasp. nov. in the sectionPeltigera(‘P. caninagroup’) is described from Iceland. This species is similar in general appearance toP. rufescensandP. membranacea, but may be recognized by its downturned lobe tips and narrow lobes, respectively. Most thalli are bright emerald green in colour when moist, although a dark khaki green colourmorph is also documented. Monophyly ofP. islandicas. lat. (i.e. includingP. sp. AsensuO’Brienet al., from Canada) is significantly supported based on ITS sequences and corroborated by molecular synapomorphy (absence of the ITS1 hypervariable region). Analysis of therbcLX locus indicates the cyanobiont ofP. islandica(Nostocsp.) comprises strains belonging to a pool of Icelandic genotypes, some of which are present in otherPeltigeraspecies, includingP.“neorufescens”, another taxon new to Iceland collected during this study. Association with photobionts that are shared by other local species suggestsP. islandicamay be well established in Iceland, but a review of herbarium collections as well as broader field surveys are needed to better characterize its geographical distribution.