bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low Prevalence of Anemia in Children Aged 19 to 72 Months in Chile
Authors: Brito Alex , Hertrampf Eva , Olivares Manuel 
Published: November 2015

Background In 1974/75, the prevalence of anemia in Chilean preschoolers was 18.8%. Since 2000, the Chilean Ministry of Health has combated anemia through the delivery of iron-fortified milk by the National Complementary Feeding Program (NCFP). Objective To determine the prevalence of anemia in children aged 19 to 72 months who are beneficiaries of the NCFP. Methods A cross-sectional representative sample of 224 beneficiaries of the NCFP aged 19 to 72 months from the Santiago and Valparaiso regions was recruited. Results The mean (± SD) hemoglobin concentration was 12.3 ± 1.0 g/dL. Four percent of all children studied were anemic. In simple linear regression analysis, it was observed that hemoglobin concentration was positively correlated with age ( r = 0.23, p = .001). There was no association between hemoglobin concentration and duration of breastfeeding ( r = −0.12, p = .175). The prevalence of anemia among the 69% of children consuming iron-fortified milk delivered by NCFP was 2.6%, as compared with 7.1% among children not consuming iron-fortified milk ( p = 0.227). Consumption of iron-fortified milk did not show a positive significant relationship with hemoglobin concentration ( r = 0.063, p = .529). Similarly, multiple logistic regression did not show an association between consumption of fortified milk and anemia, after adjusting for sex, age, and breastfeeding ( p = .150; OR = 0.98; 95% CI, 0.95 to 0.10). Conclusions In 2009 anemia was not a public health problem in Chilean children aged 19 to 72 months from Santiago and Valparaiso.
Public Health Interventions, Barriers, and Opportunities for Improving Maternal Nutrition in India
Authors: Ramakrishnan Usha , Lowe Alyssa , Vir Sheila , Kumar Shuba , Mohanraj Rani , Chaturvedi Anuraag , Noznesky Elizabeth A. , Martorell Reynaldo , Mason John B. 
Published: November 2015

Background Inadequate nutrient intake, early and multiple pregnancies, poverty, caste discrimination, and gender inequality contribute to poor maternal nutrition in India. While malnutrition is seen throughout the life cycle, it is most acute during childhood, adolescence, pregnancy, and lactation. Although nutrition policies are on the books and interventions are in place, child malnutrition and maternal undernutrition persist as severe public health problems. Objective To evaluate the implementation of maternal nutrition programs in India. Methods The research was conducted in two phases. Phase 1 consisted of a desk review of national and state policies pertinent to maternal nutrition and national-level key informant interviews with respondents who have a working knowledge of relevant organizations and interventions. Phase 2 utilized in-depth interviews and focus group discussions at the state, district, and community levels in eight districts of two states: Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh. All data were analyzed thematically. Results India has a rich portfolio of programs and policies that address maternal health and nutrition; however, systematic weaknesses, logistical gaps, resource scarcity, and poor utilization continue to hamper progress. Conclusions Elevating the priority given to maternal nutrition in government health programs and implementing strategies to improve women's status will help to address many of the challenges facing India's nutrition programs. Programs can be strengthened by promoting integration of services, ensuring effective procurement mechanisms for micronutrient and food supplements, establishing regional training facilities for improved program implementation, and strengthening program monitoring and evaluation.
Optimization of the Nutrient Content and Protein Quality of Cereal—Legume Blends for Use as Complementary Foods in Ghana
Authors: Suri Devika J. , Tano-Debrah Kwaku , Ghosh Shibani A. 
Published: November 2015

Background Nutritionally adequate complementary foods made from locally available ingredients are of high priority in developing countries, including Ghana. The majority of complementary foods in these countries are cereal-based and are unable to meet the nutrient intakes recommended by the World Health Organization. Objective To evaluate the nutrient content and protein quality of local cereal—legume blends for complementary foods against recommendations and to determine the quantities of additional ingredients required to meet needs by using linear programming. Methods Nine cereal—legume combinations (maize, sorghum, or millet combined with cowpea, peanut, or soybean) and koko (a traditional Ghanaian maize-based complementary food) were evaluated based on the macronutrient targets for a daily ration of complementary food for the age group 12 to 24 months: 264 kcal, 6.5 g of protein, and 8.2 to 11.7 g of fat. Protein quality was assessed by the Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS). Linear programming was then used to determine the amounts of additional oil, sugar, and lysine needed to meet macronutrient requirements. Results No traditional cereal—legume food met all complementary food macronutrient requirements on its own. Cereal—legume blends made with peanut or cowpeas were low in quality protein, while those with soybean were low in fat. Lysine was the limiting amino acid (PDCAAS 0.50 to 0.82) in all blends. Adding lysine increased utilizable protein by 1% to 10% in soybean blends, 35% to 40% in peanut blends, and 14% to 24% in cowpea blends. Peanut—maize, peanut—millet, and all soybean—cereal blends were able to meet macronutrient targets; most micronutrients remained below recommended levels. Conclusions Traditional cereal—legume blends made from locally available ingredients do not meet energy, quality protein, and fat recommendations for complementary foods; however, such complementary food blends may be optimized to meet nutrient requirements by using linear programming as a tool to determine the exact levels of fortificants to be added (including, but not limited to, added fat, amino acids, and micronutrients).
Childhood Malnutrition: Toward an Understanding of Infections, Inflammation, and Antimicrobials
Authors: Jones Kelsey D. , Thitiri Johnstone , Ngari Moses , Berkley James A. 
Published: November 2015

Background Undernutrition in childhood is estimated to cause 3.1 million child deaths annually through a potentiating effect on common infectious diseases, such as pneumonia and diarrhea. In turn, overt and subclinical infections, and inflammation, especially in the gut, alter nutrient intake, absorption, secretion, diversion, catabolism, and expenditure. Objective A narrative overview of the current understanding of infections, inflammation, and antimicrobials in relation to childhood malnutrition. Methods Searches for pivotal papers were conducted using PUBMED 1966–January 2013; hand searches of the references of retrieved literature; discussions with experts; and personal experience from the field. Results Although the epidemiological evidence for increased susceptibility to life-threatening infections associated with malnutrition is strong, we are only just beginning to understand some of the mechanisms involved. Nutritional status and growth are strongly influenced by environmental enteric dysfunction (EED), which is common among children in developing countries, and by alterations in the gut microbiome. As yet, there are no proven interventions against EED. Antibiotics have long been used as growth promoters in animals. Trials of antibiotics have shown striking efficacy on mortality and on growth in children with uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition (SAM) or HIV infection. Antibiotics act directly by preventing infections and may act indirectly by reducing subclinical infections and inflammation. We describe an ongoing multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of daily cotrimoxazole prophylaxis to prevent death in children recovering from complicated SAM. Secondary outcomes include growth, frequency and etiology of infections, immune activation and function, the gut microbiome, and antimicrobial resistance. The trial is expected to be reported in mid-2014. Conclusions As well as improving nutritional intake, new case management strategies need to address infection, inflammation, and microbiota and assess health outcomes rather than only anthropometry.
Applying the Program Impact Pathways (PIP) Evaluation Framework to School-based Healthy Lifestyles Programs: Workshop Evaluation Manual
Authors: Pérez-Escamilla Rafael , Segura-Pérez Sofia , Damio Grace 
Published: November 2015

Background The Mondelēz International Foundation hosted a seven country Healthy Lifestyles Program Evaluation Workshop in Granada, Spain, 13–14 September 2013. Objective To present the Workshop Evaluation Manual developed to support the work of the participants before, during and after the workshop. Methods The manual presents a brief introduction to program evaluation, a section on the Program Impact Pathways (PIP) framework using a USA school-based healthy lifestyle education program as an example, and a section on how to select PIP-informed indicators of the programs' impact on healthy lifestyles. The manual was refined using feedback received from the users before, during, and after the workshop. Results As illustrated in additional articles in this Supplement chronicling the workshop, all seven countries benefited from and were successful at using the PIP manual presented here to develop their own PIP analyses and identify their suite of indicators of the programs' impact on healthy lifestyles to improve the evaluation of their programs. Conclusion The PIP analyses were central for systematically identifying strengths and weaknesses of each country's program, as well as the key program activities, processes and impact indicators that need to be monitored to improve them.
Complementary Feeding Recommendations Based on Locally Available Foods in Indonesia
Authors: Fahmida Umi , Santika Otte , Kolopaking Risatianti , Ferguson Elaine 
Published: November 2015

Background. Affordable, locally contextual complementary feeding recommendations (CFRs) that take into account cultural diversity and differences in food availability will be more likely to result in long-term improvements in complementary feeding practices than general recommendations. More objective approaches, such as linear programming (LP), have been recommended to identify optimal but CFRs to meet nutrient requirements given local food availability, food patterns, food portions, and cost. Objective. To present results of our previous studies in which we developed CFRs using LP and to provide an example of how these CFRs can be put into practice in a community intervention trial in Indonesia. Methods. Dietary data were obtained using single 24-hour dietary recall or 1-day weighed diet record combined with 1-day 24-hour recall and 5-day food intake tally. With the use of the LP approach, nutrient intakes were optimized while ensuring that a realistic diet was selected by using constraints such as the diet's energy content, food patterns, food portions, and cost. The price per 100 g of edible portion was obtained from market surveys in two or three local markets in each study area. LP analysis was performed using Super Solver in MS Excel or Optifood software. Results. Iron, zinc, calcium, and niacin were problem nutrients in all age groups of children (6 to 8, 9 to 11, and 12 to 23 months) in both rural and periurban areas, except among children of higher socioeconomic status in urban areas. Thiamin and folate were also problem nutrients found in some settings. Animal-source foods (meat, fish, poultry, and eggs [MFPE]) and fortified foods were the nutrient-dense foods identified by LP to fill the nutrient gaps of these problem nutrients. Conclusions. Iron, calcium, zinc, niacin, and potentially folate and thiamine are typical “problem nutrients” in complementary foods of Indonesian children. However, the extent of dietary inadequacy varies across age groups, area, and socioeconomic level. MFPE and fortified foods can improve micronutrient adequacy in complementary feeding diets and should be promoted in CFRs.
Wasting and Stunting—Similarities and Differences: Policy and Programmatic Implications
Authors: Briend André , Khara Tanya , Dolan Carmel 
Published: November 2015

Wasting and stunting are often presented as two separate forms of malnutrition requiring different interventions for prevention and/or treatment. These two forms of malnutrition, however, are closely related and often occur together in the same populations and often in the same children. Wasting and stunting are both associated with increased mortality, especially when both are present in the same child. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of these two different forms of malnutrition is needed to design efficient programs. A greatly reduced muscle mass is characteristic of severe wasting, but there is indirect evidence that it also occurs in stunting. A reduced muscle mass increases the risk of death during infections and also in many other different pathological situations. Reduced muscle mass may represent a common mechanism linking wasting and stunting with increased mortality. This suggests that to decrease malnutrition-related mortality, interventions should aim at preventing both wasting and stunting, which often share common causes. Also, this suggests that treatment interventions should focus on children who are both wasted and stunted and therefore have the greatest deficits in muscle mass, instead of focusing on one or the other form of malnutrition. Interventions should also focus on young infants and children, who have a low muscle mass in relation to body weight to start with. Using mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC) to select children in need of treatment may represent a simple way to target young wasted and stunted children efficiently in situations where these two conditions are present. Wasting is also associated with decreased fat mass. A decreased fat mass is frequent but inconsistent in stunting. Fat secretes multiple hormones, including leptin, which may have a stimulating effect on the immune system. Depressed immunity resulting from low fat stores may also contribute to the increased mortality observed in wasting. This may represent another common mechanism linking wasting and stunting with increased mortality in situations where stunting is associated with reduced fat mass. Leptin may also have an effect on bone growth. This may explain why wasted children with low fat stores have reduced linear growth when their weight-for-height remains low. It may also explain the frequent association of stunting with previous episodes of wasting. Stunting, however, can occur in the absence of wasting and even in overweight children. Thus, food supplementation should be used with caution in populations where stunting is not associated with wasting and low fat stores.
Results of isolated infrapopliteal percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for critical limb ischemia in high-risk diabetic patients
Authors: Tartaglia E , Lejay A , Georg Y , Roussin M , Thaveau F , Chakfe N 
Published: November 2015

Aim Infrapopliteal occlusive arterial lesions mostly characterize diabetic patients arteriopathy. Diabetic patients are prone to multiple comorbidities that make them candidates for low-invasive therapeutic options. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of infrapopliteal angioplasty in high-risk diabetic patients. Methods We undertook a study (retrospective study of a prospectively collected database) of all infrapopliteal endovascular revascularizations performed for critical limb ischemia in high-risk (≥3 major comorbidities) diabetic patients in our institution between 2008 and 2010. Study end points were safety, technical success rate, healing rate, overall 1-year survival, primary patency, secondary patency and limb salvage rates. Results A total of 101 high-risk diabetic patients (160 arterial lesions: 94 stenosis and 66 occlusions) underwent infrapopliteal endovascular surgery. No major adverse cardiovascular or cerebrovascular event was recorded within 30 days. Two major adverse limb events (two thromboses requiring major amputation) and seven minor adverse events were recorded. Technical and healing rates were, respectively, 83% and 78%. The 1-year survival, primary patency, secondary patency and limb salvage rates were, respectively, 86%, 67%, 83% and 84%. Conclusion Infrapopliteal angioplasty can be considered as a safe and feasible option for high-risk diabetic patients with critical limb ischemia.
Detection of septic transfusion reactions to platelet transfusions by active and passive surveillance
Authors: Hong Hong , Xiao Wenbin , Lazarus Hillard M. , Good Caryn E. , Maitta Robert W. , Jacobs Michael R. 
Published: November 2015

Key Points
Bacterial sepsis from contaminated platelet transfusions continues to occur despite recent interventions; additional measures are needed. STR to platelet transfusion is frequently not recognized or reported; use of recent AABB criteria showed highest diagnostic sensitivity.
Nanochelating based nanocomplex, GFc7, improves quality and quantity of human mesenchymal stem cells during in vitro expansion
Authors: Hafizi Maryam , Hajarizadeh Atena , Atashi Amir , Kalanaky Somayeh , Fakharzadeh Saideh , Masoumi Zahra , Nazaran Mohammad Hassan , Soleimani Masoud 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have been approved for therapeutic applications. Despite the advances in this field, in vitro approaches are still required to improve the essential indices that would pave the way to a bright horizon for an efficient transplantation in the future. Nanotechnology could help to improve these approaches. Studies signified the important role of iron in stem cell metabolism and efficiency of copper chelation application for stem cell expansion

Methods
For the first time, based on novel Nanochelating technology, we design an iron containing copper chelator nano complex, GFc7 and examined on hMSCs during in vitro expansion. In this study, the hMSCs were isolated, characterized and expanded in vitro in two media (with or without GFc7). Then proliferation, cell viability, cell cycle analysis, surface markers, HLADR, pluripotency genes expression, homing and antioxidative defense at genes and protein expression were investigated. Also we analyzed the spontaneous differentiation and examined osteogenic and lipogenic differentiation.

Results
GFc7 affected the expression of key genes, improving both the stemness and fitness of the cells in a precise and balanced manner. We observed significant increases in cell proliferation, enhanced expression of pluripotency genes and homing markers, improved antioxidative defense, repression of genes involved in spontaneous differentiation and exposing the hMSCs to differentiation medium indicated that pretreatment with GFc7 increased the quality and rate of differentiation.

Conclusions
Thus, GFc7 appears to be a potential new supplement for cell culture medium for increasing the efficiency of transplantation.
Short communication: Algal leaf spot associated with Cephaleuros virescens 1 Ulvophyceae)
Authors: SUNPAPAO ANURAG , PITALOKA MUTIARA K. , ARIKIT SIWARET 
Published: November 2015

Sunpapao A, Pitaloka MK, Arikit S. 2015. Algal leaf spot associated with Cephaleuros virescens (Trentepohliales,Â Ulvophyceae) on Nephelium lappaceum in Thailand. Biodiversitas 17: 31-35. Algal leaf spot disease of Nephelium lappaceum (rambutan)Â was observed in southern Thailand. The algae were isolated on Boldâ€™s basal medium (BBM) a nd identified based on appearance of the lesions, algal morphology and molecular properties. Characteristics of the filamentous thallus cells, sporangiophores, sporangia, gametes and zoospores were clarified. A portion of the 18S small subunit rRNA was amplified to validate the morphological identification by sequence similarity. To summarize the main results, the plant parasite causing algal leaf spot was identified as Cephaleuros virescens, and in sequencing-based phylogenetic analysis the Cephaleuros PSU-R5.1 isolate from rambutan grouped with the algae in genus Cephaleuros. This confirms C. virescens as a causal organism of algal leaf spot disease on rambutan in southern Thailand.
2-D Imaging of Concealed Objects using Circular Co-Arrays at MM Wave Frequencies: Simulation and Experimental Results
Authors: Dixit Rajendra Prasad 
Published: November 2015

Simulation and experimental results at 35 GHz, for a single target of unit reflectivity, a concrete pillar and a gun shaped object placed in the central region of 2-D scene , have been presented using circularly co-located transmit and receive co-arrays. Simulation program has been written in MATLAB to reconstruct the raw image using an improvised algorithm. Simulation and experimental results confirm the method of reconstruction of image. Reconstruction of a Gun-shaped object has also been shown with help of simulation and experimental results. Reconstruction of image has been performed using post data acquisition processing on the received scattered data. Experimental results confirm that the method can be used to reconstruct quality image for detection of concealed metallic objects using MM wave frequencies.
The end of art as a capitalist discourse<p>Kapitalist bir söylem olarak sanatın sonu
Authors: Samsun Meysem 
Published: November 2015

<p>In the present paper, the claim, art or painting is going through its end, is evaluated as a capitalist discourse; and some related samples were analyzed in terms of how they were passivized and become dysfunctional by the capitalist system. French thinker Jean Baudrillard is the most effective and distinguished sample of the claim, the end of art. In this point, after evaluating Danto’s ideas from the modern perspective, the claim of “end of art” will be discussed through Baudrillard’s post-modern perspective. When Baudrillard directed his gaze onto the world of art, the situation he saw was not a very optimistic one. Modern art and post-modern art, in which the thinker is also included, is the production of the Western World. As a result, in this sense, the literature of art is merely valid for the modern art taking its roots from the Western World and this domain of thinking. According to Baudrillard, art has lost its own privilege and purpose; it is not made for development of culture, but for consumption of this culture; and instead of existing through its own content of meaning, it has been unconsciously spread over all segments of the society. As a result, the discussion of what is art and what is not has progressively become more ambiguous.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Bu çalışmada sanatın ya da resmin sonunun geldiği savı kapitalist bir söylem olarak değerlendirilmiş, sanatın kapitalist sistem tarafından nasıl edilgen ve işlevsiz kılındığına ilişkin örneklendirmelerle işlenmiştir. Sanatın sonu sav’ının, bu örneklendirme ile, en etkili duayen ismi Fransız düşünür Jean Baudrillard’dır. Burada, modern anlamda Danto’nun görüşlerine yer verildikten sonra ‘’sanatın sonu’’ savı, postmodern anlamda, Baudrillard üzerinden tartışılacaktır. Baudrillard bakışını sanat dünyasına çevirdiğinde gördüğü manzara iç açıcı değildir. Burada bahsedilen çağdaş sanat, postmodern sanat, düşünürün de içinde bulunduğu Batı dünyasının üretimidir. Dolayısıyla, bu bağlamda literatür, sadece Batı dünyası ve bu düşünce dünyasından beslenen çağdaş sanat için geçerlidir. Baudrillard’a göre sanat artık sahip olduğu ayrıcalığı ve amacını yitirmiş, kültürü geliştirmek için değil, tüketilmek için yapılmış ve kendi anlam içeriği ile var olmak yerine toplumun tüm katmanlarına bilinçsizce yaydırılmış ve neyin sanat olup neyin sanat olmadığı tartışmaları iyice bulanıklaşmıştır.</p>