bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fostering students' inquiry aptitudes and collaborative reasoning in higher education science courses with social annotation tools and collaborative platforms
Authors: Elmi Chiara 
Published: September 2024

AbstractInteractive digital technologies are playing an increasingly important part in education for enhancing collaborative learning processes and improving engagement. Social annotation (SA) tools and collaborative platforms are an innovative way to involve students to give and take feedback, annotate, and brainstorm on complex topics in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). This article focuses on innovative practices that integrate inquiry‐based discussions using SA tools and collaborative platforms to promote undergraduate students' interest and curiosity about sciences. In this article, lectures were combined with inquiry‐based discussions using an open education SA tool and an open‐access collaborative platform to engage students in a meaningful dialog with peers on scientific topics. Students debated with peers on scientific content in an online environment. Findings show that the integration of inquiry‐based discussions using SA tools and collaborative platforms provides a practical way to effectively improve students interest in science. The information reported in this article can support STEM instructors in designing collaborative learning activities in online and hybrid settings that spark students' curiosity and inquiry attitude about natural sciences.
An advanced learning approach for detecting sarcasm in social media posts: Theory and solutions
Authors: Roy Pradeep Kumar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveUsers of social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter can view and share their daily life events through text, photographs, or videos. These platforms receive many sarcastic posts daily because there were fewer limits on what could be posted. The presence of multiple languages and media types in a single post makes it harder to identify sarcastic messages on the current platform than on posts written solely in English.MethodsThis study provides both the theory and solutions about sarcastic post detection on social platforms. Hindi–English code‐mixed data were used to train and test the automated models for sarcasm detection. The models in this study were constructed using traditional machine learning, deep neural networks, LSTM (long short‐term memory), CNN (convolutional neural network), and the combinations of BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) with LSTM.ResultsThe experimental results confirm that in the Hindi–English code‐mixed data set, the CNN, LSTM, and BERT‐LSTM ensemble perform best for sarcasm detection. The proposed model achieved an accuracy of 96.29 percent and outperformed by 2.29 percent compared to the existing models.ConclusionThe performance of the proposed system strengthens the code‐mixed sarcastic post detection on social platforms. The model will help filter not only English but also Hindi‐English code‐mixed sarcastic posts on social platforms.
Domains of baseless belief and the characteristics of believers
Authors: Roscoe Douglas D. , Shapiro Amy M. , Ayotte Brian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveAn extensive literature examines the prevalence of conspiracy theories and the factors that determine why some people believe them. Conspiracy theories are only one example of baseless beliefs, which we define as beliefs that are not epistemically warranted by the available evidence. The goals of this research were to determine if there are discrete domains of baseless beliefs and to identify the psychological and cognitive factors most closely associated with each type.MethodsWe surveyed 435 U.S. adults about their baseless beliefs and measured an extensive set of cognitive, epistemological, and personal characteristics.ResultsFour distinct domains of baseless belief were discovered, which we label conservative controversies, classic coverups, magical thoughts, and pseudoscience. The data suggest the confidence people have in these beliefs differs across domains and reveal clear differences in the cognitive, epistemological, and personality factors predicting belief in each domain.ConclusionBaseless beliefs encompass a number of distinct domains, and the psychological dynamics underlying belief acquisition vary across these domains. This finding suggests caution in generalizing from studies examining only one domain. The prominent role of conservatism documented in the literature on conspiracy theories, for example, is weaker or not present at all in other domains.
Phosphorus acquisition by faba bean, blue lupin, and chickpea in relation to soil phosphorus status
Authors: Gotz Lenir Fátima , Pavinato Paulo Sergio , Condron Leo Murtagh 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe efficiency of soil phosphorus (P) mobilization and uptake by plants depends on a complex combination of factors, including plant P acquisition strategies and soil P availability. The objective of this study was to assess and compare the capabilities of three legume species (blue lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.), faba bean (Vicia faba L.), and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)), which may be used as green manures in temperate crop systems to acquire P from a soil with different levels of plant‐available P. Three cycles of each legume were grown in a glasshouse over a 6 month period in the same soil type with high (Olsen P: 47 mg kg−1) and low (Olsen P: 9 mg kg−1) levels of plant‐available P. Measurements included above—and below—ground plant biomass and P uptake, in addition to determination of acid and alkaline phosphomonoesterase activities, microbial P, and P fractions in soil at the end of the experiment. In both soils, plant biomass, P uptake, and microbial P were all higher under faba bean compared to blue lupin and chickpea (p < .05). In the low‐P soil, faba bean increased alkaline phosphomonoesterase activity (p < .05). Significant depletion of inorganic P in the soluble (46%–69%), labile (29%–42%), and moderately labile (15%–16%) pools and increase of organic P in the labile (13%–18%) and total (7%–13%) pools occurred under faba bean compared with blue lupin, while changes under chickpea were between those determined for faba bean and blue lupin (p < .05). The findings of this study indicated that inclusion of faba bean green manure may have the potential to improve overall P use efficiency by enhancing mobilization of labile soil inorganic P, although further research is required to investigate mobilization of more stable forms of soil legacy P and quantify the potential of faba bean as a green manure crop under field conditions.
PyGRF: An Improved Python Geographical Random Forest Model and Case Studies in Public Health and Natural Disasters
Authors: Sun Kai , Zhou Ryan Zhenqi , Kim Jiyeon , Hu Yingjie 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTGeographical random forest (GRF) is a recently developed and spatially explicit machine learning model. With the ability to provide more accurate predictions and local interpretations, GRF has already been used in many studies. The current GRF model, however, has limitations in its determination of the local model weight and bandwidth hyperparameters, potentially insufficient numbers of local training samples, and sometimes high local prediction errors. Also, implemented as an R package, GRF currently does not have a Python version which limits its adoption among machine learning practitioners who prefer Python. This work addresses these limitations by introducing theory‐informed hyperparameter determination, local training sample expansion, and spatially weighted local prediction. We also develop a Python‐based GRF model and package, PyGRF, to facilitate the use of the model. We evaluate the performance of PyGRF on an example dataset and further demonstrate its use in two case studies in public health and natural disasters.
Survey of ocular abnormalities in a population of Turkmen horses
Authors: Faghihi Houman , Gharibi Afsaneh , Ansari Mood Maneli , Rajaei Seyed Mehdi , Alavi Seyyed Morteza 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to detect and describe ocular abnormalities in a population of Turkmen horses.Animals StudiedA total of 55 Turkmen horses (33 mares and 22 stallions) from one herd were evaluated in this study.Procedure(s)Demographic data (Age, Sex, Coat color) were recorded. All animals underwent complete ophthalmic examination. The Schirmer tear test ‐I (STT‐I) was performed for all horses prior to other diagnostic tests. Neuro‐ophthalmic examinations (menace response, dazzle reflex, pupillary light reflex, maze test, and visual tracking) were carried out in different lighting situations (bright and dim lights). Slit lamp biomicroscopy, direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy, fluorescein staining, and tonometry were performed for each horse.ResultsThe mean (standard deviation) age of horses was 5.7 (4.6) years (range of 1–17 years). In total, 18 horses (32.7%) had ocular‐related lesions. Cataract, iris hyperpigmentation and corneal edema were the most identified conditions in the horses of this study.ConclusionsAbout one‐third of studied horses had at least one ocular abnormality. No ocular abnormalities attributed to the distinct cream/gold coat color were identified, which the Turkmen horse is known for.
Delimiting species boundaries within the Babyloniidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) using multi‐locus phylogenetic analysis
Authors: Yen Yu‐Hsiu , Joseph Julian , Liu Shang‐Yin Vanson 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Babyloniidae is a family of marine snails consisting of 21 species and two genera. Current taxonomic debates on the Babyloniidae are mainly due to their extremely similar shell morphologies, which have led to incorrect locality records and mislabelling in legal or illegal international trade. We have therefore constructed a phylogeny of the Babyloniidae with high species coverage (57% of the family) by using multi‐locus genes (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [COI], 16S, and H3) with four species delimitation methods (Best Close Match [BCM], Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning [ASAP], Bayesian Poisson Tree Process [bPTP] and Multi‐rate Poisson Tree Processes [mPTP]). Based on our results, 13 clades/operational taxonomic unit were observed, which confirms pre‐existing species status for 10 Babylonia and one Zemiropsis taxa: B. areolata (Link, 1807), B. borneensis (Sowerby II, 1864), B. feicheni Shikama, 1973, B. formosae (Sowerby II, 1866), B. japonica (Reeve, 1842), B. lutosa (Lamarck, 1816), B. pieroangelai Cossignani, 2008, B. spirata (Linnaeus, 1758), B. valentiana (Swainson, 1822), B. zeylanica (Bruguière, 1789) and Z. papillaris (Sowerby I, 1825). A monophyletic group with four species collected from Indonesia which includes B. spirata f. balinensis Cossignani, 2009, B. spirata f. semipicta (Sowerby II, 1866) and B. angusta Altena & Gittenberger, 1981, implying they should belong to a single species, B. semipicta. Additionally, we suggest B. formosae habei Altena & Gittenberger, 1981 should be escalated as B. habei, and not as a subspecies.
Equidistribution of expanding degenerate manifolds in the space of lattices
Authors: Shah Nimish A. , Yang Pengyu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFor the space of unimodular lattices in a Euclidean space, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for equidistribution of expanding translates of any real‐analytic submanifold under a diagonal flow. This work extends the earlier result of Shah in the case of nondegenerate submanifolds. We apply the above dynamical result to show that if the affine span of a real‐analytic submanifold in a Euclidean space satisfies certain Diophantine and arithmetic conditions, then almost every point on the manifold is not Dirichlet‐improvable.
Singularities of secant varieties from a Hodge theoretic perspective
Authors: Olano Sebastián , Raychaudhury Debaditya , Song Lei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe study the singularities of secant varieties of smooth projective varieties using methods from birational geometry when the embedding line bundle is sufficiently positive. More precisely, we study the Du Bois complex of secant varieties and its relationship with the sheaves of differential forms. Through this analysis, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for these varieties to have ‐Du Bois singularities (in a sense that was proposed in Shen, Venkatesh, and Vo [On k‐Du Bois and k‐rational singularities, arXiv e‐prints (June 2023), arXiv:2306.03977]). In addition, we show that the singularities of these varieties are never higher rational, by giving a classification of the cases when they are pre‐1‐rational. From these results, we deduce several consequences, including a Kodaira–Akizuki–Nakano type vanishing result for the reflexive differential forms of the secant varieties.
Return on investment of tobacco control measures: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Bhattacharya Paramita , Khatoon Sajda , Roy Suraya , Mukherjee Nirmalya , Yadav Amit , Lal Pranay , Pokhrel Subhash , John Denny 
Published: September 2024

Objective:
The objective of this systematic review will be to estimate the return on investment (ROI) and social return on investment (SROI) on tobacco control measures.

Introduction:
Tobacco consumption has been proven to be associated with a huge epidemiological, humanistic, and economic burden. National and international organizations are making concerted efforts to control tobacco use. However, currently, there are no conclusive estimates of the ROI and SROI of such programs and policies.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will include all studies that evaluate the ROI or SROI on tobacco control programs and policies on tobacco users and probable tobacco users globally.

Methods:
This review will follow the JBI methodology for systematic reviews of economic evidence. Databases to be searched will include Embase (Ovid), MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Health Economic Evaluation Database (HEED), National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database (NHS EED), CEA Registry, LILACS, Science Direct, Web of Science, EconLit, and Google Advanced Search. Gray literature will also be searched for in non-academic databases, including the websites of various civil societies and non-governmental organizations involved in tobacco control. Two independent reviewers will screen titles/abstracts, and later full-text studies. Critical appraisal will be conducted using the JBI checklist for economic evaluations and the SROI Quality Framework. Data will be extracted and synthesized using JBI data extraction forms and synthesis tools. The MPOWER framework will be considered for data synthesis across all selected studies using narrative synthesis, tables, and figures.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42023391591
THE THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF PRECONDITIONED MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS IN ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Authors: Sekenova A.Ye. , Ogay V.B. 
Published: September 2024

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a multifactorial and inflammatory disease the cause of which is the formation of lipid and cholesterol plaques on the inner wall of blood vessels. Experimental and clinical studies have shown that the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is, in particular, connected with inflammatory reactions. Recent studies reported that preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess an enhanced immunomodulatory potential. The purpose of the study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of preconditioned MSCs in the development of atherosclerosis.
MSCs were isolated from the compact bone of mice by standard protocol. The characterization was conducted using flow cytometry, CFU assay and three-lineage differentiation. Cells were preconditioned with different combinations of cytokines and the optimal concentrations were determined by ELISA and by analysis of co-culturing with lymphocytes. The cytokine-preconditioned MSCs were administrated to mice with induced atherosclerosis. The lipids analysis, measuring of mouse spleens’ weights, ELISA and histological analysis of the aorta sections were done after 8-th weeks.
We isolated MSCs and then confirmed the possession of the immunomodulatory properties. Preconditioning with the TNF-α cytokine effectively increased the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs compared to untreated MSCs in vitro. The results of in vivo study that the use of TNF-α-preconditioned MSCs reduced the development of atherosclerosis in mice compared to untreated MSCs: it increased the level of Treg cells in the spleen of mice; significantly reduced the levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ in blood serum; significantly reduced the spleen weights of mice; slightly decreased the total cholesterol levels and also increased HDL levels. Administration of TNF-α-preconditioned MSCs reduced the size of atherosclerotic plaques in the aorta of mice.
The results of this study demonstrated the effect of cytokine-preconditioned MSCs in the inhibition of the development of atherosclerosis in a mouse model. However, for application as a therapy for suffered patients additional studies are needed. Besides, using of TNF-α preconditioned MSCs can be considered in other preclinical studies of the different diseases.
Mechanical Properties Inside Origami-Inspired Structures: An Overview
Authors: Yan Peng , Huang Hailin , Meloni Marco , Li Bing , Cai Jianguo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In recent decades, origami has transitioned from a traditional art form into a systematic field of scientific inquiry, characterized by attributes such as high foldability, lightweight frameworks, diverse deformation modes, and limited degrees-of-freedom. Despite the abundant literature on smart materials, actuation methods, design principles, and manufacturing techniques, comprehensive reviews focusing on the mechanical properties of origami-inspired structures are relatively rare and unsystematic. This review aims to fill this void by analyzing and summarizing the significant studies conducted on the mechanical properties of origami-inspired structures from 2013 to 2023. We begin with an overview that includes essential definitions of origami, classical origami patterns, and their associated tessellated or stacked structures. Following this, we delve into the principal dynamic modeling method for origami and conduct an in-depth analysis of the key mechanical properties of origami-inspired structures. These properties include tunable stiffness, bistability and multistability, metamechanical properties demonstrated by origami-based metamaterials, and bio-inspired mechanical properties. Finally, we conclude with a comprehensive summary that discusses the current challenges and future directions in the field of origami-inspired structures. Our review provides a thorough synthesis of both the mechanical properties and practical applications of origami-inspired structures, aiming to serve as a reference and stimulate further research.
Operationalizing General Mechanical Skill in Time-Pressure Action Esports
Authors: Kim Jonghyun , Dunkel William , Lee Byungjoo 
Published: September 2024

In time-pressure action esports games, a player’s mechanical skill refers to the ability to quickly and accurately control input devices such as a keyboard or mouse. In this study, we present a novel methodology to quantify and operationalize mechanical skills commonly required in game titles played with the same set of input devices (i.e., general mechanical skill). From this, differences in mechanical skills between players can be compared on a standard basis, regardless of game title, which offers new possibilities for esports talent development. As a result of partial least squares path modeling based on data from 292 players of four different game titles played with keyboard and mouse, we show that general mechanical skill is a valid construct and that it accounts for approximately 21% of the variance in players’ in-game achievement (or rank). To maximize impact, our software is released to the public, enabling anyone to operationalize general mechanical skills in time-pressure action esports games played with keyboard and mouse.
Maximally precise combinations to overcome metallo-β-lactamase-producing
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Kaur Jan Naseer , Klem Jack F. , Liu Yang , Boissonneault Katie Rose , Holden Patricia N. , Kreiswirth Barry , Chen Liang , Smith Nicholas M. , Tsuji Brian T. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Gram-negatives harboring metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) and extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) pose a substantial risk to the public health landscape. In ongoing efforts to combat these “superbugs,” we explored the clinical combination of aztreonam and ceftazidime/avibactam together with varying dosages of polymyxin B and imipenem against
Klebsiella pneumoniae
(
Kp
CDC Nevada) in a 9-day hollow fiber infection model (HFIM). As previously reported by our group, although the base of aztreonam and ceftazidime/avibactam alone leads to 3.34 log
10
fold reductions within 72 hours, addition of polymyxin B or imipenem to the base regimen caused maximal killing of 7.55 log
10
and 7.4 log
10
fold reduction, respectively, by the 72-hour time point. Although low-dose polymyxin B and imipenem enhanced the bactericidal activity as an adjuvant to aztreonam +ceftazidime/avibactam, regrowth to ~9 log
10
CFU/mL by 216 hours rendered these combinations ineffective. When aztreonam +ceftazidime/avibactam was supplemented with high-dose polymyxin B and or low-dose polymyxin B + imipenem, it resulted in effective long-term clearance of the bacterial population. Time lapse microscopy profiled the emergence of long filamentous cells in response to PBP3 binding due to aztreonam and ceftazidime. The emergence of spheroplasts via imipenem and damage to the outer membrane via polymyxin B was visualized as a mechanism of persister killing. Despite intrinsic
mgrB
and
bla
NDM-1
resistance, polymyxin B and β-lactam combinations represent a promising strategy. Future studies using an integrated molecularly precise pharmacodynamic approach are warranted to unravel the mechanistic details to propose optimal antibiotic combinations to combat untreatable, pan-drug-resistant Gram-negatives.