bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The interpretation of results of 10-2 visual fields should consider individual variability in the position of the optic disc and temporal raphe
Authors: Tanabe Fumi , Matsumoto Chota , McKendrick Allison M , Okuyama Sachiko , Hashimoto Shigeki , Shimomura Yoshikazu 
Published: July 2017

AimsTo clarify the anatomical relation between the optic disc and temporal raphe and to examine how these are related to test points in the 10-2 visual field test pattern.Subjects and methodsFor 22 eyes of volunteers with normal vision (+0.75 D spherical equivalent 7.88 D), a volume scan was used to obtain en-face images from a plane fitted to the inner limiting membrane using optical coherence tomography (OCT). The clearest en-face retinal nerve fibre (RNF) image was chosen for each subject and superimposed on fundus photographs using blood vessels for alignment. Individual landmarks (disc, fovea and visual field blind spot) were then used to superimpose the Humphrey Field Analyzer 10-2 visual field on the OCT image to compare with the RNF image.ResultsThe average disc–fovea–raphe angle was 169.4°±3.2°. Both the disc and temporal raphe were located above the horizontal midline (ie, were inferior in visual field space). For the 10-2 test pattern superimposed on the OCT image, in 54.5% of eyes, the temporal inferior test points adjacent to the horizontal midline mapped to the anatomical inferior hemifield. In 22.7% of eyes, nasal inferior test points adjacent to the horizontal midline mapped to the anatomical inferior hemifield. This mapping is opposite to typically assumed.ConclusionThe position of the disc and raphe affects the mapping between structure and function with respect to superior and inferior hemifields. Individual differences in the position of the temporal raphe should be considered when mapping between structure and function for the 10-2 test pattern.
Tear film and ocular surface assessment in psoriasis
Authors: Aragona Emanuela , Rania Laura , Postorino Elisa Imelde , Interdonato Alberto , Giuffrida Roberta , Cannavò Serafinella Patrizia , Puzzolo Domenico , Aragona Pasquale 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundPsoriasis is a skin disease with also systemic involvement: its impact on the eye is not well established and often clinically underestimated. Aim of this study was to investigate the presence of ocular discomfort symptoms and of ocular surface changes in a population of patients with psoriasis.MethodsFor this cross-sectional, comparative study, 66 patients with psoriasis were subdivided according to the presence of arthritis and to the use of biological therapy. All patients underwent clinical evaluation with the following tests: Ocular Surface Disease Index Questionnaire, Tearscope examination, meibometry, tear film breakup time, corneal and conjunctival fluorescein staining, Schirmer I test, corneal aesthesiometry, meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) assessment and conjunctival impression cytology. 28 healthy subjects were also enrolled and treated with the same clinical tests. A statistical analysis of the results was performed.ResultsPatients with psoriasis showed a significant deterioration of the ocular surface tests, if compared with healthy subjects, demonstrated by tear film lipid layer alteration, tear film instability, corneal and conjunctival epithelial suffering and mild squamous metaplasia at impression cytology. No differences were found in ocular surface test results of the psoriatic group when patients were divided according to the presence of arthritis, whereas the anti-inflammatory treatment with biological drugs demonstrated a significant improvement of corneal stain and MGD.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the ocular surface involvement in patients with psoriasis indicates the need of periodic ophthalmological examinations to diagnose the condition and allow a proper treatment, so contributing to the amelioration of patients’ quality of life.
Anagliptin ameliorates albuminuria and urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein excretion in patients with type 2 diabetes with nephropathy in a glucose-lowering-independent manner
Authors: Kitada Munehiro , Tsuda Shin-ichi , Konishi Kazunori , Takeda-Watanabe Ai , Fujii Mizue , Kanasaki Keizo , Nishizawa Makoto , Nakagawa Atsushi , Koya Daisuke 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to elucidate the effect of anagliptin on glucose/lipid metabolism and renoprotection in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy.MethodsTwenty-five patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy received anagliptin 200 mg/day for 24 weeks, and 20 patients who were switched to anagliptin from other dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors were analyzed regarding primary and secondary endpoints. The primary endpoint was change in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) during treatment with anagliptin. Additionally, we evaluated changes in lipid data (low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglyceride), blood pressure (BP), urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR), liver-type fatty acid-binding protein to creatinine ratio (ULFABP) and renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate and serum cystatin C) as secondary endpoints.ResultsAfter switching to anagliptin from other DPP-4 inhibitors, the levels of HbA1c in the 20 participants showed no significant change, 7.5%±1.2% at 24 weeks compared with 7.3%±0.9% at baseline. The levels of the log10-transformed UACR were significantly reduced from 1.95±0.51 mg/g creatinine (Cr) at baseline to 1.76±0.53 mg/g Cr at 24 weeks after anagliptin treatment (p<0.01). The percentage change in the UACR (Δ%UACR) from baseline to 24 weeks was also significantly lower by −10.6% (p<0.001). Lipid data, systolic BP and renal function were not changed during anagliptin treatment. Additionally, ULFABP in eight participants, who had ≥5 µg/g Cr at baseline, was significantly decreased from baseline (8.5±2.8 µg/g Cr) to 24 weeks (3.1±1.7 µg/g Cr, p<0.01) after anagliptin treatment, and the percentage change in the ULFABP during anagliptin treatment was −58.1% (p<0.001).ConclusionsAnagliptin induced no significant change in HbA1c, lipid data, systolic BP and renal function. However, anagliptin reduced the UACR and ULFABP, although without a corresponding change in HbA1c, indicating direct action of anagliptin on renoprotection in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy.
Seizure management in children requiring palliative care: a review of current practice
Authors: Harris Nicola , Baba Megumi , Mellor Charlotte , Rogers Rebekah , Taylor Kirsty , Beringer Antonia , Sharples Peta 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesControlling seizures in children approaching death can be difficult, and there is a limited evidence base to guide best practice. We compared current practice against the guidance for seizure management produced by the Association of Paediatric Palliative Medicine (APPM).MethodsRetrospective case note review of episodes of challenging seizure management in children receiving end-of-life care over a 10-year period (2006–2015) in the south-west region of England.ResultsWe reviewed 19 admissions, in 18 individuals. Six (33%) had a malignancy, nine (50%) had a progressive neurodegenerative condition and three (17%) had a static neurological condition with associated epilepsy. Thirteen (72%) died in their local hospice, four (22%) at home, and one (6%) in hospital. Seventeen of 19 episodes involved the use of subcutaneous or intravenous midazolam infusion, for a mean of 11 days (range 3–27). There was a wide range of starting doses of midazolam, and 9/17 (53%) received final doses in excess of current dose recommendations. Six individuals received subcutaneous phenobarbital infusions, with four of these (67%) receiving final doses in excess of current dose recommendations. Plans for adjustments of infusion rates, maximal doses or alternative approaches should treatment fail were inconsistent or absent. In 16/18 (88%) cases seizures were successfully controlled prior to the day of the child’s death. Staff found the experience of managing seizures at end of life challenging and stressful.ConclusionsPharmacological approaches to seizure management in end-of-life care are variable, often exceeding APPM dose recommendations. Despite this, safe and effective seizure control was possible in all settings.
Risk factors and outcomes associated with post-traumatic headache after mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Yilmaz Tansel , Roks Gerwin , de Koning Myrthe , Scheenen Myrthe , van der Horn Harm , Plas Gerben , Hageman Gerard , Schoonman Guus , Spikman Jacoba , van der Naalt Joukje 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence and potential risk factors of acute and chronic post-traumatic headache (PTH) in patients with mild to moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a prospective longitudinal observational multicentre study. Acute PTH (aPTH) is defined by new or worsening of pre-existing headache occurring within 7 days after trauma, whereas chronic PTH (cPTH) is defined as persisting aPTH >3 months after trauma. An additional goal was to study the impact of aPTH and cPTH in terms of return to work (RTW), anxiety and depression.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study conducted between January 2013 and February 2014 in three trauma centres in the Netherlands. Patients aged 16 years and older with a GCS score of 9–15 on admission to the ED, with loss of consciousness and/or amnesia were prospectively enrolled. Follow-up questionnaires were completed at 2 weeks and 3 months after injury with the Head Injury Symptom Checklist, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and RTW scale.ResultsIn total, 628 patients were enrolled in the study, 469 completed the 2-week questionnaire (75%) at 2 weeks and 409 (65%) at 3 months. At 2 weeks, 238 (51%) had developed aPTH and at 3 months 95 (23%) had developed cPTH. Female gender, younger age, headache immediately at the ED and CT scan abnormalities increased the risk for aPTH. Risk factors for cPTH were female gender and headache at the ED. Patients with cPTH were less likely to have returned to work than those without cPTH (35% vs 14%, P=0.001). Patients with aPTH and cPTH more often report anxiety (20% and 28%, P=0.001) and depression (19% and 28%, P=0.001) after trauma in comparison with the group without PTH (10% anxiety and 8% depression).ConclusionsPTH is an important health problem with a significant impact on long-term outcome of TBI patients. Several risk factors were identified, which can aid in early identification of subjects at risk for PTH.
Providing experiential information on early medical abortion: a qualitative evaluation of an animated personal account,Lara’s Story
Authors: Sherman Sarah , Harden Jeni , Cattanach Dawn , Cameron Sharon T 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundAn animated film has been created to provide information to women requesting early medical abortion (EMA). The 9 min film,Lara’s Story, was created using one woman’s personal account of her experience. This study evaluated the views of women who had recently undergone EMA on the film and its potential usefulness in providing experiential information to women requesting EMA.MethodWomen who had undergone EMA within the past month were recruited. They were shown the film and interviewed in a semi-structured style. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. They were analysed using cross-sectional indexing and thematic analysis with an inductive approach.Results13 women were interviewed. All reported that the film gave a realistic account of EMA and most agreed that they would have wanted to watch it before EMA had it been available. Some said that it might help women who were struggling with decision-making with regard to EMA and all said that there should be unrestricted access to the film from the website of the abortion service. The women commented that the animated style of the film allowed all groups of women to relate to the story. Some commented that Lara’s experience of pain, bleeding and side effects such as nausea differed from their own and therefore felt that it would be useful to make more than one woman’s account available.ConclusionThe availability of animated audiovisual films recounting women’s experiences of EMA might be a valuable adjunct to clinical information for women seeking EMA.
Proinflammatory CXCL12–CXCR4/CXCR7 Signaling Axis Drives Myc-Induced Prostate Cancer in Obese Mice
Authors: Saha Achinto , Ahn Songyeon , Blando Jorge , Su Fei , Kolonin Mikhail G. , DiGiovanni John 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Obesity is a prognostic risk factor in the progression of prostate cancer; however, the molecular mechanisms involved are unclear. In this study, we provide preclinical proof of concept for the role of a proinflammatory CXCL12–CXCR4/CXCR7 signaling axis in an obesity-driven mouse model of myc-induced prostate cancer. Analysis of the stromal vascular fraction from periprostatic white adipose tissue from obese HiMyc mice at 6 months of age revealed a dramatic increase in mRNAs encoding various chemokines, cytokines, growth factors, and angiogenesis mediators, with CXCL12 among the most significantly upregulated genes. Immunofluorescence staining of ventral prostate tissue from obese HiMyc mice revealed high levels of CXCL12 in the stromal compartment as well as high staining for CXCR4 and CXCR7 in the epithelial compartment of tumors. Prostate cancer cell lines derived from HiMyc tumors (HMVP2 and derivative cell lines) displayed increased protein expression of both CXCR4 and CXCR7 compared with protein lysates from a nontumorigenic prostate epithelial cell line (NMVP cells). CXCL12 treatment stimulated migration and invasion of HMVP2 cells but not NMVP cells. These effects of CXCL12 on HMVP2 cells were inhibited by the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 as well as knockdown of either CXCR4 or CXCR7. CXCL12 treatment also produced rapid activation of STAT3, NFκB, and MAPK signaling in HMVP2 cells, which was again attenuated by either AMD3100 or knockdown of CXCR4 or CXCR7. Collectively, these data suggest that CXCL12 secreted by stromal cells activates invasiveness of prostate cancer cells and may play a role in driving tumor progression in obesity. Targeting the CXCL12–CXCR4/CXCR7 axis could lead to novel approaches for offsetting the effects of obesity on prostate cancer progression. Cancer Res; 77(18); 5158–68. ©2017 AACR.
Early Imaging Prediction of Malignant Cerebellar Edema Development in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Fabritius Matthias P. , Thierfelder Kolja M. , Meinel Felix G. , Othman Ahmed E. , Dorn Franziska , Sabel Bastian O. , Scheffler Pierre , Ertl-Wagner Birgit , Sommer Wieland H. , Kunz Wolfgang G. 
Published: July 2017

Background and Purpose—
Malignant cerebellar edema (MCE) is a life-threatening complication of acute ischemic stroke that requires timely diagnosis and management. Aim of this study was to identify imaging predictors in initial multiparametric computed tomography (CT), including whole-brain CT perfusion (WB-CTP).

Methods—
We consecutively selected all subjects with cerebellar ischemic WB-CTP deficits and follow-up–confirmed cerebellar infarction from an initial cohort of 2635 patients who had undergone multiparametric CT because of suspected stroke. Follow-up imaging was assessed for the presence of MCE, measured using an established 10-point scale, of which scores ≥4 are considered malignant. Posterior circulation–Acute Stroke Prognosis Early CT Score (pc-ASPECTS) was determined to assess ischemic changes on noncontrast CT, CT angiography (CTA), and parametric WB-CTP maps (cerebellar blood flow [CBF]; cerebellar blood volume; mean transit time; time to drain). Fisher’s exact tests, Mann–Whitney U tests, and receiver operating characteristics analyses were performed for statistical analyses.

Results—

Out of a total of 51 patients who matched the inclusion criteria, 42 patients (82.4%) were categorized as MCE− and 9 (17.6%) as MCE+. MCE+ patients had larger CBF, cerebellar blood volume, mean transit time, and time to drain deficit volumes (all with
P
<0.001) and showed significantly lower median pc-ASPECTS assessed using WB-CTP (CBF, cerebellar blood volume, mean transit time, time to drain; all with
P
<0.001) compared with MCE− patients, while median pc-ASPECTS on noncontrast CT and CTA was not significantly different (both
P
>0.05). Receiver operating characteristics analyses yielded the largest area under the curve values for the prediction of MCE development for CBF (0.979) and cerebellar blood volume deficit volumes (0.956) and pc-ASPECTS on CBF (0.935), whereas pc-ASPECTS on noncontrast CT (0.648) and CTA (0.684) had less diagnostic value. The optimal cutoff value for CBF deficit volume was 22 mL, yielding 100% sensitivity and 90% specificity for MCE classification.

Conclusions—
WB-CTP provides added diagnostic value for the early identification of patients at risk for MCE development in acute cerebellar stroke.
"Let There Be Peace On Earth"
Authors: Miller Sy , Jackson Jill 
Published: July 2017

Let there be peace on earth And let it begin with me; Let there be peace on earth, The peace that was meant to be. With God as our Father, Brothers all are we. Let me walk with my brother In perfect harmony. Let peace begin with me, Let this be the moment now. With ev'ry step I take, Let this be my solemn vow: To take each moment and live each moment In peace eternally. Let there be peace on earth And let it begin with me.
Preliminary Studies for Machine Generated Index Vocabularies
Authors: Meetham A. R. 
Published: July 2017

The studies form part of a programme in which a computer will be used to generate an “index vocabulary” appropriate for the indexing and retrieval of documents in various scientific disciplines; the computer will then index a suitable collection of documents and retrieve documents in response to specific enquiries. The present paper describes how such a system works for a particularly simple text. Then, ten evaluation methods are put forward, and used to assess individual descriptors, indexing rules, and the system as a whole. In this exercise the evaluation methods themselves are on trial and four are selected as being more generally useful than the others. For evaluating whole retrieval systems a type of random enquiry is used for which the perfect answer is computable; relevance and recall ratios can then be objectively determined.
Remarks Upon the Acquisition of Language in Deaf Children
Authors: Grewel F. 
Published: July 2017

The deaf child must switch over during his development from a quite different and poorer gesture language to verbal language. He masters verbal language along the abnormal visual and kinaesthetic channels and at a later age than the normal child. The resultant mainly visual approach to verbal language influences his use of phonemes, ties the child to the concrete, but most of all hinders the use of syntax. Some linguistic, educational and didactic problems are mentioned and the serious complications in multiply handicapped children are alluded to.
Acoustic Correlates of Stress
Authors: Morton John , Jassem Wiktor 
Published: July 2017

The use of the term ‘stress’ is reviewed, and inconsistencies are pointed out An experiment is described in which synthetic nonsense syllables of the forms /sisi/, /S⊃S⊃/ and /sasa/ were played to subjects who were asked to judge the position of the stress. The parameters of fundamental frequency, intensity and duration were varied systematically. The results revealed a high level of consistency between the (naive) subjects. Variations in fundamental frequency produced far greater effects than variations in either intensity or duration, a syllable being marked as stressed if it differed from the ‘context’ fundamental. A raised fundamental was more efficient than a lowered one. In general the more intense and longer syllables were more likely to be marked as stressed, the exception being when a syllable was reduced in duration by 40%, when some listeners marked it as stressed. The use and limitations of the results and method are discussed.
Contested Light: Integrity and Power in Eastern Sabah Kadazan Villages
Authors: Koepping Elizabeth 
Published: July 2017

Describing Borneo villagers who follow clearly discerned local and Christian paths in opting for multiple religious belonging embedded in their identity as Kadazan Anglicans and in exploring their and others' views, I argue from a sociologically and historically aware approach, noting the power as well as loving kindness in the creation and expansion of Gospel, Faith and Church. This may enable us to approach the subject of multiple belonging and identity with a certain caution. The need for sociological awareness amid the current hopes for and critiques of inculturation are familiar; that for historical awareness of the “return of the same” perhaps less so. While “talking out of time” has its dangers, these are no more than “talking out of place,” and this paper, therefore, also touches on the early church discourses in both Italy and Britain.
Modern Asians and Western Churches
Authors: Berndt Manfred , Smalley William A. 
Published: July 2017

As a missionary in his first year, eager to apply the “indigenous principle,” I have been hearing but one thing lately: “The trend is to become Western.” It is my impression that this is far too much a rationalization on the part of missionaries. Of course, I realize that “if the natives want to ‘go Western,’ the indigenous thing to do is to let them make that choice.” But long before they make such a choice, it seems that the missionaries mold that choice in their minds. People advise me to take a look around in this area of Hong Kong to see the Western, modern buildings, etc., and label other efforts “reactionary” and “antiquarian.” Yet I cannot help but believe that “the Western trend” in an area like Hong Kong, is only a short-lived fad which will never make a dent in Chinese ways. Is it not likewise true, in the history of Africa for example, that a trend to go “enthusiastically Western” is followed by a stronger trend to assert and exalt that which is native? Now I am coming to my point: Is it not the role of the missionary at times to encourage natives to develop their own ways further and to discourage Western mimicry? For example, even if Africans or Chinese liked Western music, is it not the wiser thing to encourage them to compose their praises of God in their own idiom of music? (And, without becoming autocratic at all, to discourage Bach and Wesley?) Even in Hong Kong, our churches smell so Western that if I were a mainlander they would hardly appeal to me; in either case, the perfume of “non-Chinese” is all over it.— Manfred Berndt.
The Integration of Development and Evangelism
Authors: Gustafson James W. 
Published: July 2017

Although the rhetoric relating to the importance of both evangelism and development in the world mission of the church has been rich over the past few decades, little has been actually done by the evangelical world community to implement the implications of this discussion. Obstacles that have prevented the integration of evangelism and development have been numerous: A narrow understanding of evangelism; a secular definition of development; a crisis of faith (focus on law versus grace); and a cultural insensitivity, to mention a few. There are some efforts being made, however, to integrate both evangelism and development in the work of the church. A case in point is the work of the Issaan Development Foundation, the Institute for Sustainable Development and the Thailand Covenant Church in Thailand over the past few decades. Some basic principles held by this integrated ministry are the authority of the Word of God, a focus on integrating all of life by the grace of God, a flexible organizational system, contextualization of all areas of ministry, power encounter between the values of the gospel and those of society, a focus on the local church, and a process/broker approach to ministry.