bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unpacking brown food‐webs: Animal trophic identity reflects rampant microbivory
Authors: Steffan Shawn A. , Chikaraishi Yoshito , Dharampal Prarthana S. , Pauli Jonathan N. , Guédot Christelle , Ohkouchi Naohiko 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDetritivory is the dominant trophic paradigm in most terrestrial, aquatic, and marine ecosystems, yet accurate measurement of consumer trophic position within detrital (=“brown”) food webs has remained unresolved. Measurement of detritivore trophic position is complicated by the fact that detritus is suffused with microbes, creating a detrital complex of living and nonliving biomass. Given that microbes and metazoans are trophic analogues of each other, animals feeding on detrital complexes are ingesting other detritivores (microbes), which should elevate metazoan trophic position and should be rampant within brown food webs. We tested these hypotheses using isotopic (15N) analyses of amino acids extracted from wild and laboratory‐cultured consumers. Vertebrate (fish) and invertebrate detritivores (beetles and moths) were reared on detritus, with and without microbial colonization. In the field, detritivorous animal specimens were collected and analyzed to compare trophic identities among laboratory‐reared and free‐roaming detritivores. When colonized by bacteria or fungi, the trophic positions of detrital complexes increased significantly over time. The magnitude of trophic inflation was mediated by the extent of microbial consumption of detrital substrates. When detrital complexes were fed to vertebrate and invertebrate animals, the consumers registered similar degrees of trophic inflation, albeit one trophic level higher than their diets. The wild‐collected detritivore fauna in our study exhibited significantly elevated trophic positions. Our findings suggest that the trophic positions of detrital complexes rise predictably as microbes convert nonliving organic matter into living microbial biomass. Animals consuming such detrital complexes exhibit similar trophic inflation, directly attributable to the assimilation of microbe‐derived amino acids. Our data demonstrate that detritivorous microbes elevate metazoan trophic position, suggesting that detritivory among animals is, functionally, omnivory. By quantifying the impacts of microbivory on the trophic positions of detritivorous animals and then tracking how these effects propagate “up” food chains, we reveal the degree to which microbes influence consumer groups within trophic hierarchies. The trophic inflation observed among our field‐collected fauna further suggests that microbial proteins represent an immense contribution to metazoan biomass. Collectively, these findings provide an empirical basis to interpret detritivore trophic identity, and further illuminate the magnitude of microbial contributions to food webs.
Acceptance of peer navigators to reduce barriers to cervical cancer screening and treatment among women with HIV infection in Tanzania
Authors: Koneru Alaya , Jolly Pauline E. , Blakemore Shaundra , McCree Renicha , Lisovicz Nedra F. , Aris Eric A. , Mtesigwa Thereza , Yuma Safina , Mwaiselage Julius D. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo identify barriers to cervical cancer screening and treatment, and determine acceptance toward peer navigators (PNs) to reduce barriers.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted among women with HIV infection aged 19 years or older attending HIV clinics in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, between May and August 2012. Data for sociodemographic characteristics, barriers, knowledge and attitude toward cervical cancer screening and treatment, and PNs were collected by questionnaire.ResultsAmong 399 participants, only 36 (9.0%) reported previous cervical cancer screening. A higher percentage of screened than unscreened women reported being told about screening by someone at the clinic (25/36 [69.4%] vs 132/363 [36.4%]; P=0.002), knew that screening was free (30/36 [83.3%] vs 161/363 [44.4%]; P<0.001), and obtained “good” cervical screening attitude scores (17/36 [47.2%] vs 66/363 [18.2%]; P=0.001). Most women (382/399 [95.7%]) did not know about PNs. When told about PNs, 388 (97.5%) of 398 women said they would like assistance with explanation of medical terms, and 352 (88.2%) of 399 said they would like PNs to accompany them for cervical evaluation and/or treatment.ConclusionUse of PNs was highly acceptable and represents a novel approach to addressing barriers to cervical cancer screening and treatment.
A mixed‐methods study of maternal near miss and death after emergency cesarean delivery at a referral hospital in Somaliland
Authors: Abdillahi Hamda A. , Hassan Khadra A. , Kiruja Jonah , Osman Fatumo , Egal Jama A. , Klingberg‐Allvin Marie , Erlandsson Kerstin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo explore maternal near miss and death after emergency cesarean delivery in Somaliland, including the impact of the prerequisite for family consent.MethodsA facility‐based, mixed‐methods study was conducted to assess all maternal near misses and deaths recorded at a referral hospital that provided services to women from all regions of Somaliland. The data sources comprised a quantitative prospective cross‐sectional study using the WHO near‐miss tool (performed from August 1 to December 31, 2015) and qualitative interviews with 17 healthcare providers working at the referral hospital who were in direct contact with the women in labor (performed from January 15 to March 15, 2015).ResultsOf the 138 maternal near misses and deaths recorded, 50 (36%) were associated with emergency cesarean delivery. The most frequent maternal complication was severe pre‐eclampsia (n=17; 34%), and the most frequent underlying causes were hypertensive disorders (n=31; 62%) and obstetric hemorrhage (n=15; 30%). Healthcare providers were often prevented from performing emergency cesarean delivery until the required consent had been received from the woman's extended family.ConclusionMaternity care in Somaliland must be improved, and the issue of legal authority for consent examined, to ensure both safe and timely provision of emergency cesarean delivery.
Fetal foot length at delivery as a tool for determining gestation length in non‐macerated stillbirths
Authors: Geldenhuys Elaine , Coldrey Jean , Wright Colleen , Nel Daan , Roberts Drucilla J. , Boyd Theonia K. , Odendaal Hein ,   the PASS Network
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo assess whether fetal foot length at autopsy could reliably indicate gestation duration at stillbirth and the effects of maceration on this method.MethodsThe present cross‐sectional secondary analysis was part of the Safe Passage Study; all Safe Passage Study participants who experienced a stillbirth at Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa, between August 1, 2007, and January 31, 2015, were eligible to participate. After providing written informed consent for autopsy, the duration of gestation calculated using early ultrasonography and fetal foot length were compared.ResultsThere were 69 fetal autopsies included in the present study; placental histology was available for 65. Generally, the gestation length calculated from the first ultrasonography scan correlated well with that calculated from the fetal foot length (Spearman correlation=0.85). However, significant differences were found in the gestation lengths calculated when the fetus was macerated (P<0.001), or when umbilical cord pathology (P<0.001) or maternal vascular malperfusion (P<0.001) was the cause of fetal death.ConclusionFoot length at stillbirth was a good indicator of gestation length; however, it was a weaker indicator if fetal maceration had occurred.
Pipeline risk assessment using artificial intelligence: A case from the colombian oil network
Authors: Guzman Urbina Alexander , Aoyama Atsushi 
Published: April 2017

Currently, in order to make decisions regarding the safety of pipelines, the risk values and risk targets are becoming relevant points for discussion. However, the challenge is the reliability of the models employed to get the risk data. Such models usually involve a large number of variables and deal with high amounts of uncertainty. Therefore, there is a strong need for a powerful tool to cope with that uncertainty, and one of the best tools dealing with uncertainty is the implementation of artificial intelligence methods using fuzzy logic.Hence, this study aims to present an artificial intelligence inference system that minimizes the uncertainty of traditional approaches of risk assessment in pipelines. Also, in order to show the applicability of the model developed, this study presents a case from the Colombian oil transportation network. Besides that, this study presents an uncertainty analysis for the risk values, comparing the results of the inference system with traditional approach. The results show that the inference system performs better since the magnitude of the average error and its standard deviation are less than the traditional approach. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Process Saf Prog 37:110–116, 2018
Thin endometrium transcriptome analysis reveals a potential mechanism of implantation failure
Authors: Maekawa Ryo , Taketani Toshiaki , Mihara Yumiko , Sato Shun , Okada Maki , Tamura Isao , Jozaki Kosuke , Kajimura Takuya , Asada Hiromi , Tamura Hiroshi , Takasaki Akihisa , Sugino Norihiro 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimAlthough a thin endometrium has been well recognized as a critical factor in implantation failure, little information is available regarding the molecular mechanisms. The present study investigated these mechanisms by using genome‐wide mRNA expression analysis.MethodsThin and normal endometrial tissue was obtained from a total of six women during the mid‐luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. The transcriptomes were analyzed with a microarray. Differentially expressed genes were classified according to Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways.ResultsThe study identified 318 up‐regulated genes and 322 down‐regulated genes in the thin endometrium, compared to the control endometrium. The GO and KEGG pathway analyses indicated that the thin endometrium possessed aberrantly activated immunity and natural killer cell cytotoxicity that was accompanied by an increased number of inflammatory cytokines, such as IFN‐γ. Various genes that were related to metabolism and anti‐oxidative stress were down‐regulated in the thin endometrium.ConclusionImplantation failure in the thin endometrium appears to be associated with an aberrantly activated inflammatory environment and aberrantly decreased response to oxidative stress.
Fluorene Derivatives with Multi‐addressable Properties: Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity
Authors: El‐Sayed Refat , Althagafi Ismail I. , Ahmed Saleh A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA series of novel fluorene derivatives were synthesized from the target compound N‐octadecyl‐9‐oxo‐9H‐fluorene‐4‐carboxamide (3), which led to new functionalized five‐ and six‐membered heterocyclic derivatives via reaction with various reagents. The synthesized compounds were allowed to react with propylene oxide to afford unique surface‐active properties. The chemical structures of the newly synthesized compounds were elucidated and confirmed by spectroscopic and analytical tools. The synthesized compounds have good surface activity and the biological degradation of these fluorene‐based surfactants was greater than 96% after 7 days.
Coil Interpenetration, Segment Aggregation and Adsorption of PEG at Water/Air Interface
Authors: Rego A. C. B. , de Melo J. F. , Neto A. O. Wanderley , Fonseca J. L. C. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPoly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), both as an oligomer and as a high molecular weight polymer, has been used as a surfactant active component in many applications, in its pure and unmodified structure, or as a block segment within more complex structures. Apart from assuming helical or coil conformations it may also undergo aggregation, depending on the solvent. In this work, we characterized the aggregation of PEG in water using surface tensiometry and turbidimetry. Aggregation was characterized by a non‐persistent surface tension plateau at higher PEG contents and confirmed by turbidimetry, which was correlated to the derivative of osmotic pressure in relation to concentration. One can divide a surface tension‐concentration curve into two regions, delimited by a characteristic concentration: one following a Langmuir adsorption isotherm (starting from a plateau equal to pure water surface tension) ending in a second plateau, and a second one (beginning at this plateau) following a Freundlich isotherm. The calculated surface excess for PEG segment adsorption was consistent with segment aggregation, indicating more two characteristic concentrations correlated to this occurrence. A total of three characteristic mer concentrations were found (6.2 × 10−7, 6 × 10−6, and 2 × 10−4mol L−1) and related to PEG segment aggregation states.
Acute Radial Neuropathy at the Spiral Groove Following Massage: A Case Presentation
Authors: Hsu Po‐Cheng , Chiu Jan‐Wei , Chou Chen‐Liang , Wang Jia‐Chi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMassage‐related nerve injury is an uncommon, rarely reported complication. We report an unusual case of radial nerve neuropathy at the spiral groove in a 58‐year‐old woman that resulted from a single episode of deep tissue massage. Although the spiral groove is known as the most common site implicated in radial nerve neuropathy, to our knowledge, there have not previously been any reports of massage‐related spiral groove radial nerve neuropathy. Electrodiagnostic and ultrasound examinations were used to localize the nerve lesion at the spiral groove and also to provide prognostic evaluation. Serial follow‐ups demonstrated concomitant improvement in clinical symptoms and electrodiagnostic parameters. A near‐total recovery was achieved after 6 months. This case presentation aims to increase awareness and early recognition of massage‐related nerve injuries.Level of EvidenceV
Self‐Reported Health and Safety Awareness Improves Prediction of Level of Care Needs in Veterans Discharged From a Postacute Unit
Authors: Stelmokas Julija , Bieliauskas Linas A. , Kitchen Andren Katherine A. , Hogikyan Robert , Alexander Neil B. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the differential value of a self‐reported health and safety awareness measure relative to other medical, psychosocial, and cognitive factors in predicting level of care (LOC) needs after hospital discharge.DesignRetrospective medical record review.SettingCommunity living center postacute care (CLC‐PAC) unit at a Veterans Affairs hospital.ParticipantsA total of 175 veterans admitted to the Veterans Affairs hospital or directly to the CLC‐PAC from home.MethodsCognitive status was assessed with the Mini‐Mental State Examination, Digit Span Backward subtest, Trail Making Test (Part B), and Hopkins Verbal Learning Test‐Revised. Self‐report of health and safety awareness was measured with the Independent Living Scales Health and Safety (ILS‐HS) subscale. Additional demographic and admission‐related variables were coded, along with medical comorbidity, with the Charlson Comorbidity Index and depression using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision Depression Checklist.Main Outcome MeasurementsIncreased level of care was collected from social work and occupational therapy notes and defined as increased assistance with activities of daily living or nursing home placement comparing prehospitalization with CLC‐PAC discharge.ResultsA total of 19% (n = 34) of residents required increased LOC on CLC‐PAC discharge. The ILS‐HS was a significant predictor of increased LOC above and beyond age and Mini Mental Status Examination score; for each standard deviation decrease in ILS‐HS, there was an increased likelihood of greater LOC (odds ratio 0. 54, 95% confidence interval 0.35‐0.83). Other neuropsychological tests (memory, executive functioning) did not significantly improve the model.ConclusionsThe inclusion of the ILS‐HS to a standard cognitive screen (Mini Mental Status Examination) can improve prediction of increased LOC. Although select aspects of memory and executive functioning independently contribute to increased LOC prediction, the ILS‐HS likely measures a unique aspect of cognitive functioning that may be specific to discharge planning needs in CLC‐PAC residents.Level of EvidenceII
Restor(y)ing the ‘fierce green fire’: animal agency, wolf conservation and environmental memory in Yellowstone National Park
Authors: JONES KAREN R. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis paper tracks human–animal entanglements through one particular species,Canis lupus, the wolf, with a view to exploring how this contested predator might be used to unpack normative assumptions about wildlife science, conservation practice and storytelling. The focus of attention here is on Yellowstone National Park and the century-long struggle to eradicate and then restore the wolf based on the shifting rubrics of science and environmental ethics. The ‘wild heart’ of North America and a centre of scientific and popular environmental mythology, Yellowstone presents a useful terrain (both material and contextual) in which to theorize the wolf as an environmental agent and explore its special provenance within an evolving narrative of ecological science. More specifically, the landmark story of restor(y)ation that played out in the national park serves to illuminate the complex web of temporality, narrative and memory that frames our configurations of animal agency. Wiped out in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and ruminated on in the interwar period, the wolf was returned to ancestral haunts in the 1990s (to great fanfare) as a charismatic poster animal for environmental consciousness and a vital ‘missing link’ in the psychological and biotic fabric of the landscape. Ornamented with what conservationist Aldo Leopold famously called a ‘fierce green fire’, the wolf became a carrier animal for Yellowstone's environmental memory, transporting with it the fates of other threatened species and the promise of an enlightened Ecological Age. Beneath this teleological tale of expanding biological knowledge and ethical awakening lies a convoluted (and interesting) story that reveals the sinuous connections between the material and the imagined animal as well as the challenges and the complexities of reading non-human traces.
Practise Patterns and Perceptions of Chest Health Care Providers on Electronic Cigarette Use: An In-Depth Discussion and Report of Survey Results
Authors: Baldassarri Stephen R. , Chupp Geoffrey L. , Leone Frank T. , Warren Graham W. , Toll Benjamin A. 
Published: April 2017

Introduction: The emergence of electronic cigarettes (ECs) has become a growing phenomenon that has sharply split opinion among the public health community, physicians, and lawmakers.Aims: We sought to determine chest physician perceptions regarding ECs.Methods: We conducted a web-based survey of 18,000 American College of Chest Physician (CHEST) members to determine health care provider experiences with EC users and to characterise provider perceptions regarding ECs.Results/Findings: There were 994 respondents. Eighty-eight per cent reported that patients had asked their opinion of ECs, and 31% reported EC use among at least 10% of their patients. More disagreed than agreed (41% vs. 21%) that patients could improve their health by switching from tobacco smoking to daily EC use. Respondents were split on whether ECs promote tobacco cessation (32% agree vs. 33% disagree).Conclusions: Current perceptions of ECs are variable among providers. More than 1/3 of respondents felt that EC's could be used for smoking cessation for smokers who failed prior quit attempts with approved therapies. However, many respondents were not convinced that ECs will reduce harms from tobacco use. There is an urgent need to generate additional high quality scientific data regarding ECs to inform chest physicians, health professionals, and the general public.
Back for good: melodrama and the returning soldier in post-war Italian cinema
Authors: O’Rawe Catherine 
Published: April 2017

Italian neorealism is conventionally read as the authoritative cinematic chronicle of Italy’s experience of the Second World War and the Resistance. However, this article argues that viewing this period of Italian cinema solely through the lens of neorealism has obscured the importance of the affective charge of melodrama in constituting an alternative ethics of representation in the late 1940s and early 1950s in Italy, one that worked via an appeal to the emotions. It posits that the traumas of Fascism, war, occupation, and Resistance were worked through by Italian cinema after the war in a range of genres and modes, principally melodrama.By focusing on the figure of the returning soldier orreduce, and the films’ representation of a return to domestic disruption, the article examines how this domestic or romantic disruption stands in for what cannot be narrated, which is the ideological chaos of the Fascist and post-Fascist period. The article argues that the disturbance caused by thereduceto familial relations speaks to the Italian struggle to come to terms with aspects of its repressed war experience, particularly that of the Italian soldiers imprisoned abroad.
KIC 7385478: An Eclipsing Binary with a γ Doradus Component
Authors: Özdarcan Orkun , Dal Hasan Ali 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe present spectroscopic and photometric analysis of the eclipsing binary KIC 7385478. We find that the system is formed by F1V + K4III–IV components. Combining results from analysis of spectroscopic data and Kepler photometry, we calculate masses and radii of the primary and the secondary components as M1 = 1.71 ± 0.08 M⊙, M2 = 0.37 ± 0.04 M⊙ and R1 = 1.59 ± 0.03 R⊙, R2 = 1.90 ± 0.03 R⊙, respectively. Position of the primary component in HR diagram is in the region of γ Doradus type pulsators and residuals from light curve modelling exhibit additional light variation with a dominant period of ~ 0.5 d. These are clear evidences of the γ Doradus type pulsations on the primary component. We also observe occasional increase in amplitude of the residuals, where the orbital period becomes the most dominant period. These may be attributed to the cool star activity originating from the secondary component.
LIBERALISM, LOCAL GOVERNMENT REFORM, AND POLITICAL EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN AND BRITISH INDIA, 1880–1886
Authors: WEINSTEIN BENJAMIN 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis article attempts to shed new light on the character of late Victorian Liberalism by investigating its political priorities in British India. It takes as its particular focus the debates which raged between 1881 and 1883 over the Government of India Resolution on Local Self-Government. Along with the Ilbert Bill, the Resolution comprised the centrepiece of the marquis of Ripon's self-consciously Liberal programme for dismantling Lytton's Raj. When analysed in conjunction with contemporaneous Liberal discourse on English local government reform, the debates surrounding the Resolution help to clarify many of the central principles of late Victorian Liberalism. In particular, these debates emphasize the profound importance of local government reform to what one might call the Liberal project. Beyond its utility in effecting retrenchment, efficiency, and ‘sound finance’, local government reform was valued by Liberals as the best and safest means of effecting ‘political education’ among populations, in both Britain and India, with increasingly strong claims to inclusion within the body politic.