bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coincidence, Resonant, and High‐Energy Electron Spectroscopies – Resonant Auger, Electron Coincidence for Surface Analysis
Authors: Kövér László 
Published: December 2015

AbstractElectron spectroscopic methods are powerful and efficient tools for characterization of chemical and electronic structures of surface and interface layers of solids. The electron spectroscopic methods most widely applied for surface chemical analysis, the X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) are providing information on the elemental composition of the surface and interface layers, as well as on the chemical state of the components. In addition, these techniques can offer possibilities for depth‐resolved and/or laterally resolved analysis in a nondestructive (up to several nanometers depth) or destructive (in combination with ion sputtering, up to several hundred nanometers depth) way. Quantitative surface chemical analytical applications of these methods are greatly helped by physical quantities characterizing electron transport, which can be derived from reflection electron energy loss spectroscopic (REELS) studies of given materials.There are, however, a plenty of opportunities available how to improve the sensitivity, selectivity, and information depth of these techniques. Among these, the coincidence techniques help to identify the physical processes leading to specific structures in the experimental electron spectra, clean up the spectra from unwanted contributions of interfering processes, and limit the depth of analytical information. The resonant excitation can yield unprecedented chemical state selectivity and can greatly improve the detection limit for particular species while providing unique information on the electronic structure in the proximity of the excited atom. High‐energy‐resolution spectroscopy of high‐energy electrons induced by hard X‐rays from solids allows to get an insight into deeper subsurface regions owing to the much increased information depth for energetic electrons, and in addition to the possibility for collecting information on the bulk chemical and electronic structures without interfering effects because of the presence of the surface, this spectroscopy provides a nondestructive access to the chemical state‐resolved composition at deeply buried interfaces.This article intends to give a brief review on selected electron–electron coincidence techniques, resonant Auger electron spectroscopic methods, and high‐energy electron spectroscopic methods, namely, the hard X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES), focusing on the principle and specific instrumentation of the techniques, the underlying physics of the fundamental processes utilized, the analytical information provided, and important fields of applications.These highly sensitive, selective, and uniquely informative electron spectroscopic methods are expected to be used increasingly in studies of sophisticated novel materials of great practical importance, especially in fields of nanotechnology, micro‐ and nanoelectronics, nano‐biotechnology, nanomedicine, and development of novel solar cells.
Numerical fitting‐based likelihood calculation to speed up the particle filter
Authors: Li Tiancheng , Sun Shudong , Corchado Juan M. , Sattar Tariq P. , Si Shubin 
Published: December 2015

SummaryThe likelihood calculation of a vast number of particles forms the computational bottleneck for the particle filter in applications where the observation model is complicated, especially when map or image processing is involved. In this paper, a numerical fitting approach is proposed to speed up the particle filter in which the likelihood of particles is analytically inferred/fitted, explicitly or implicitly, based on that of a small number of so‐called fulcrums. It is demonstrated to be of fairly good estimation accuracy when an appropriate fitting function and properly distributed fulcrums are used. The construction of the fitting function and fulcrums are addressed respectively in detail. To avoid intractable multivariate fitting in multi‐dimensional models, a nonparametric kernel density estimator such as the nearest neighbor smoother or the uniform kernel average smoother can be employed for implicit likelihood fitting. Simulations based on a benchmark one‐dimensional model and multi‐dimensional mobile robot localization are provided. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Template‐Free Synthesis of a Molecular Solomon Link by Two‐Component Self‐Assembly
Authors: Song Young Ho , Singh Nem , Jung Jaehoon , Kim Hyunuk , Kim Eun‐Hee , Cheong Hae‐Kap , Kim Yousoo , Chi Ki‐Whan 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA molecular Solomon link was synthesized in high yield through the template‐free, coordination‐driven self‐assembly of a carbazole‐functionalized donor and a tetracene‐based dinuclear ruthenium(II) acceptor. The doubly interlocked topology was realized by a strategically chosen ligand which was capable of participating in multiple CH⋅⋅⋅π and π–π interactions, as evidenced from single‐crystal X‐ray analysis and computational studies. This method is the first example of a two‐component self‐assembly of a molecular Solomon link using a directional bonding approach. The donor alone was not responsible for the construction of the Solomon link, and was confirmed by its noncatenane self‐assemblies obtained with other similar ruthenium(II) acceptors.
Single‐Atom Catalyst of Platinum Supported on Titanium Nitride for Selective Electrochemical Reactions
Authors: Yang Sungeun , Kim Jiwhan , Tak Young Joo , Soon Aloysius , Lee Hyunjoo 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAs a catalyst, single‐atom platinum may provide an ideal structure for platinum minimization. Herein, a single‐atom catalyst of platinum supported on titanium nitride nanoparticles were successfully prepared with the aid of chlorine ligands. Unlike platinum nanoparticles, the single‐atom active sites predominantly produced hydrogen peroxide in the electrochemical oxygen reduction with the highest mass activity reported so far. The electrocatalytic oxidation of small organic molecules, such as formic acid and methanol, also exhibited unique selectivity on the single‐atom platinum catalyst. A lack of platinum ensemble sites changed the reaction pathway for the oxygen‐reduction reaction toward a two‐electron pathway and formic acid oxidation toward direct dehydrogenation, and also induced no activity for the methanol oxidation. This work demonstrates that single‐atom platinum can be an efficient electrocatalyst with high mass activity and unique selectivity.
A Crystalline Copper(II) Coordination Polymer for the Efficient Visible‐Light‐Driven Generation of Hydrogen
Authors: Dong Xi‐Yan , Zhang Mei , Pei Ru‐Bo , Wang Qian , Wei Dong‐Hui , Zang Shuang‐Quan , Fan Yao‐Ting , Mak Thomas C. W. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA crystalline coordination polymer (CP) photocatalyst (Cu‐RSH) which combines redox‐active copper centers with photoactive rhodamine‐derived ligands remains stable in acid and basic solutions from pH 2 to 14, and efficiently catalyzes dihydrogen evolution at a maximum rate of 7.88 mmol g−1 h−1 in the absence of a mediator and a co‐catalyst. Cyclic voltammetry, control experiments, and DFT calculations established that copper nodes with open coordination sites and favorable redox potentials, aided by spatially ordered stacking of rhodamine‐based linkers, account for the high catalytic performance of Cu‐RSH. Emission quenching, time‐resolved fluorescence decay, and transient photocurrent experiments disclosed the charge separation and transfer process in the catalytic system. The present study demonstrates the potential of crystalline copper CPs for the practical utilization of light.
Temperature‐Induced Irreversible Phase Transition From Perovskite to Diamond But Pressure‐Driven Back‐Transition in an Ammonium Copper Formate
Authors: Shang Ran , Chen Sa , Wang Bing‐Wu , Wang Zhe‐Ming , Gao Song 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe compound [CH3CH2NH3][Cu(HCOO)3] undergoes a phase transition at 357 K, from a perovskite to a diamond structure, by heating. The backward transition can be driven by pressure at room temperature but not cooling under ambient or lower pressure. The rearrangement of one long copper–formate bond, the switch of bridging‐chelating mode of the formate, the alternation of N−H⋅⋅⋅O H‐bonds, and the flipping of ethylammonium are involved in the transition. The strong N−H⋅⋅⋅O H‐bonding probably locks the metastable diamond phase. The two phases display magnetic and electric orderings of different characters.
Total Synthesis and Activity of the Metallo‐β‐lactamase Inhibitor Aspergillomarasmine A
Authors: Koteva Kalinka , King Andrew M. , Capretta Alfredo , Wright Gerard D. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractResistance to β‐lactam antibiotics is mediated primarily by enzymes that hydrolytically inactivate the drugs by one of two mechanisms: serine nucleophilic attack or metal‐dependent activation of a water molecule. Serine β‐lactamases are countered in the clinic by several codrugs that inhibit these enzymes, thereby rescuing antibiotic action. There are no equivalent inhibitors of metallo‐β‐lactamases in clinical use, but the fungal secondary metabolite aspergillomarasmine A has recently been identified as a potential candidate for such a codrug. Herein we report the synthesis of aspergillomarasmine A. The synthesis enabled confirmation of the stereochemical configuration of the compound and offers a route for the synthesis of derivatives in the future.
Degradable Molybdenum Oxide Nanosheets with Rapid Clearance and Efficient Tumor Homing Capabilities as a Therapeutic Nanoplatform
Authors: Song Guosheng , Hao Jiali , Liang Chao , Liu Teng , Gao Min , Cheng Liang , Hu Junqing , Liu Zhuang 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMolybdenum oxide (MoOx) nanosheets with high near‐infrared (NIR) absorbance and pH‐dependent oxidative degradation properties were synthesized, functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG), and then used as a degradable photothermal agent and drug carrier. The nanosheets, which are relatively stable under acidic pH, could be degraded at physiological pH. Therefore, MoOx‐PEG distributed in organs upon intravenous injection would be rapidly degraded and excreted without apparent in vivo toxicity. MoOx‐PEG shows efficient accumulation in tumors, the acidic pH of which then leads to longer tumor retention of those nanosheets. Along with the capability of acting as a photothermal agent for effective tumor ablation, MoOx‐PEG can load therapeutic molecules with high efficiencies. This concept of inorganic theranostic nanoagent should be relatively stable in tumors to allow imaging and treatment, while being readily degradable in normal organs to enable rapid excretion and avoid long‐term retention/toxicity.
Photochemical Regulation of Gene Expression Using Caged siRNAs with Single Terminal Vitamin E Modification
Authors: Ji Yuzhuo , Yang Jiali , Wu Li , Yu Lijia , Tang Xinjing 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCaged siRNAs with a single photolabile linker and/or vitamin E (vitE) modification at the 5′ terminal were rationally designed and synthesized. These virtually inactive caged siRNAs were successfully used to photoregulate both firefly luciferase and GFP gene expression in cells with up to an 18.6‐fold enhancement of gene silencing activity, which represents one of the best reported photomodulation of gene silencing efficiencies to date. siRNA tracking and vitE competition experiments indicated that the inactivity of vitE‐modified siRNAs was not due to the bulky moiety of vitE; rather, the involvement of vitE‐binding proteins has a large contribution to caged siRNA inactivation by preventing the dissociation of siRNA/lipo complexes and/or siRNA release. Further patterning experiments revealed the ability to spatially regulate gene expression through simple light irradiation.
Northeast Asia's New ‘History Spiral’
Authors: King Amy , Taylor Brendan 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe remembered history of the Second World War continues to infect contemporary relations between China and its Northeast Asian neighbours. This article argues that a ‘history spiral’ has taken hold in Northeast Asia as a result of the region's changing strategic order and domestic politics in China, Japan and South Korea. Using the case studies of the Diaoyu/Senkaku islands territorial dispute, the Dokdo/Takeshima territorial disputes, and Sino‐South Korean memorial diplomacy, we explore the interactive spiralling dynamics of Northeast Asia's history problems. We suggest that despite some recent signs of an improvement in Northeast Asian relations since late 2014, the ‘history spiral’ is likely to remain a fixture of Northeast Asia's international politics owing to the region's changing strategic order.
Lanthanide Luminescence Improvement by Using a Functional Poly(Ionic Liquid) as Matrix and Co‐ligand
Authors: Li Zhiqiang , Wang Jin , Chen Meng , Wang Yige 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA poly(ionic liquid) (BA‐PIL) carrying a benzoic acid group in each repeating unit of the polymer architecture, which has the dual function of acting as a matrix and second ligand, has been developed. Through the incorporation of BA‐PIL with the complex [Ln(hfa)3] (hfa=hexafluoroacetylacetone) as an emitting precursor, significant luminescence improvement was achieved in the obtained hybrid materials. Confinement of the lanthanide(III) complexes within the rigid chains of the polymer, together with replacement of the coordinated water molecules, are believed to be ascribed to the enhanced optical properties.
Fluorescent Dansyl‐Guanosine Conjugates that Bind c‐MYC Promoter G‐Quadruplex and Downregulate c‐MYC Expression
Authors: Pavan Kumar Y. , Saha Puja , Saha Dhurjhoti , Bessi Irene , Schwalbe Harald , Chowdhury Shantanu , Dash Jyotirmayee 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe four‐stranded G‐quadruplex present in the c‐MYC P1 promoter has been shown to play a pivotal role in the regulation of c‐MYC transcription. Small‐molecule compounds capable of inhibiting the c‐MYC promoter activity by stabilising the c‐MYC G‐quadruplex could potentially be used as anticancer agents. In this context, here we report the synthesis of dansyl‐guanosine conjugates through one‐pot modular click reactions. The dansyl‐guanosine conjugates can selectively detect c‐MYC G‐quadruplex over other biologically relevant quadruplexes and duplex DNA and can be useful as staining reagents for selective visualisation of c‐MYC G‐quadruplex over duplex DNA by gel electrophoresis. NMR spectroscopic titrations revealed the preferential binding sites of these dansyl ligands to the c‐MYC G‐quadruplex. A dual luciferase assay and qRT‐PCR revealed that a dansyl‐bisguanosine ligand represses the c‐MYC expression, possibly by stabilising the c‐MYC G‐quadruplex.
Two‐year clinical outcomes of the NOBORI biolimus‐eluting stents versus XIENCE/PROMUS everolimus‐eluting stents in small vessel disease
Authors: Jinnouchi Hiroyuki , Kuramitsu Shoichi , Shinozaki Tomohiro , Hiromasa Takashi , Kobayashi Yohei , Morinaga Takashi , Yamaji Kyohei , Soga Yoshimitsu , Shirai Shinichi , Ando Kenji 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundBiolimus‐eluting stents (BES) have similar efficacy and safety compared with cobalt chromium everolimus‐eluting stents (CoCr‐EES), whereas it is unclear whether the same applies to small vessel disease. We sought compare clinical outcomes between BES and CoCr‐EES in patients with small vessel disease.Methods and resultsA total of 1,132 patients treated only with BES (612 patients) or EES (520 patients) in small vessel disease (stent size 2.5‐mm) were retrospectively analyzed. We assessed the cumulative 2‐year incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), defined as a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), definite stent thrombosis (ST), and clinically driven target lesion revascularization (CD‐TLR). The cumulative 2‐year incidence of MACE was similar between the two groups (12.1% vs. 11.8%, P = 0.77). The cumulative incidence of cardiac death, CD‐TLR, and definite ST were also not significantly different between both groups (3.2% vs. 3.6%, P = 0.78; 8.3% vs. 8.4%, P = 1.00; 0.33% vs. 0.21%, P = 0.66, respectively). After multivariate adjusting, the adjusted risk of BES group relative to CoCr‐EES group for MACE was not significantly different (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.78, 95% confidential interval [CI]: 0.53–1.15, P = 0.20). Similarly, no significant difference in the adjusted risks for cardiac death and CD‐TLR were observed between the two groups (HR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.28–1.37, P = 0.24; HR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.51–1.29, P = 0.38).ConclusionsTwo‐year clinical outcomes of BES are similar to those of CoCr‐EES in patients with small vessel disease. The use of BES is acceptable for small coronary artery disease. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Surgical cut‐down or percutaneous access—which is best for less vascular access complications in transfemoral TAVI?
Authors: Spitzer Stefan G. , Wilbring Manuel , Alexiou Konstantin , Stumpf Jürgen , Kappert Utz , Matschke Klaus 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesObjective of the present study was to compare VARC‐2 access and bleeding complications of a complete percutaneous versus a surgical cut‐down approach for transfemoral TAVI “in a real world‐all comers” setting.BackgroundThe ideal approach for transfemoral TAVI is still part of a lively debate. Until today, for none of the available techniques superiority could be demonstrated. The present study adds a considerable number of patients to the available experience. Methods: The study included 334 consecutive patients, including 199 patients in the percutaneous and 135 patients in the cut‐down group. Mean patient's age was 81.4 ± 4.6. Calculated logistic EuroSCORE correlated an intermediate to high surgical risk (17.8% ± 12.3%). Primary study endpoints were vascular access site as well as bleeding complications according the actual VARC‐2 criteria.ResultsMean procedure time was significantly shorter in the cut‐down group (69 ± 19 min vs. 91 ± 22 min; P < 0.01). Overall rate of VARC‐2 access complications were significantly more frequent in the percutaneous group (n = 41/199; 20.6% vs. n = 11/135; 8.1%; P = 0.04); the incidence of major complications did not differ significantly (P = 0.19). VARC‐2 bleeding complications were more frequent in the percutaneous group as well (18.1% vs. 4.4%; P = 0.029). Hospital stay differed not significantly (P = 0.214). Hospital mortality was 3.5% in the percutaneous group and 1.5% in the cut‐down group (P = n.s.).ConclusionSurgical cut‐down provided a convenient and controlled access, resulting in less access and bleeding complications. Nontheless, major access complication differed not significantly. Both approaches must be seen as complementary techniques. A portfolio containing both techniques is the exclusive way to provide a tailor‐made and patient‐orientated approach. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Temporal Trends in Strut‐Level Optical Coherence Tomography Evaluation of Coronary Stent Coverage
Authors: Lee Kwan S. , Lee Justin Z. , Hsu Chiu‐Hsieh , Husnain Muhammad , Riaz Haris , Riaz Irbaz Bin , Thai Hoang , Cassese Salvatore , Finn Aloke , Samady Habib , Byrne Robert A. 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesWe sought to pool data from all studies with reported strut‐level data in human subjects evaluated by optical coherence tomography (OCT) surveillance and to compare the aggregate data of stent strut coverage on a longitudinal temporal timeline from initial implantation for different coronary stent subtypes.BackgroundDelayed strut coverage following drug‐eluting stent (DES) implantation is an important contributor to late stent thrombosis (LST). OCT can detect stent strut coverage.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search of published or presented studies reporting OCT stent strut coverage of bare‐metal stents (BMS) and DES in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to June 2014. Data from 3,515 patients with strut‐level data on 731,761 struts were analyzed.ResultsThe temporal kinetics of strut coverage differed according to stent type. The rate of strut coverage, reflected by the calculated regression coefficient, was found to be the highest in BMS, followed by early generation zotarolimus‐eluting stent, everolimus‐eluting stent, newer‐generation zotarolimus‐eluting stent, paclitaxel‐eluting stent, and sirolimus‐eluting stent (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsAggregate rates of stent strut coverage assessed by OCT surveillance differed according to stent type. The clinical implications of these differences require further study but may underlie the differences in rates of stent thrombosis observed in clinical trials with different stent types. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Three Sesquiterpenoid Dimers from Chloranthus japonicus: Absolute Configuration of Chlorahololide A and Related Compounds
Authors: Shi Xin‐Wei , Lu Qiang‐Qiang , Pescitelli Gennaro , Ivšić Trpimir , Zhou Jun‐Hui , Gao Jin‐Ming 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA novel sesquiterpenoid dimer, named multistalide C (1), together with two known congeners, shizukaols C (2) and D (3), was isolated from the whole plant of Chloranthus japonicus Sieb. The structures of compounds 1, 2, 3 were elucidated by extensive HR‐ESI‐MS, 1D, and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 1, 2, 3 exhibited significant toxic effects on brine shrimp larvae (Artemia salina). The absolute configuration of 1 was established by CD/TDDFT calculations. The related compound chlorahololide A was also reinvestigated. The previous assignment of the absolute configuration of chlorahololide A and several related sesquiterpenoid dimers, based on an incorrect application of the exciton chirality method, is criticized. Chirality 28:158–163, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Albumin's Influence on Carprofen Enantiomers–Hymecromone Interaction
Authors: Tang Mingjie , Guo Yanjie , Gao Youshui , Tang Chao , Dang Xiaoqian , Zhou Zubin , Sun Yuqiang , Wang Kunzheng 
Published: December 2015

AbstractHymecromone is an important coumarin drug, and carprofen is one of the most important nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The present study aims to determine the influence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on the carprofen–hymecromone interaction. The inhibition of carprofen enantiomers on the UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 2B7‐catalyzed glucuronidation of hymecromone was investigated in the UGTs incubation system with and without BSA. The inhibition capability of increased by 20% (P < 0.001) of (R)‐carprofen after the addition of 0.5% BSA in the incubation mixture. In contrast, no significant difference was observed for the inhibition of (S)‐carprofen on UGT2B7 activity in the absence or presence of 0.5% BSA in the incubation system. The Lineweaver‐Burk plot showed that the intersection point was located in the vertical axis, indicating the competitive inhibition of (R)‐carprofen on UGT2B7 in the incubation system with BSA, which is consistent with the inhibition kinetic type of (R)‐carprofen on UGT2B7 in the incubation system without BSA. Furthermore, the second plot using the slopes from the Lineweaver‐Burk versus the concentrations of (R)‐carprofen showed that the fitting equation was y=39.997x+50. Using this equation, the inhibition kinetic parameter was calculated to be 1.3 μM. For (S)‐carprofen, the intersection point was located in the horizontal axis in the Lineweaver‐Burk plot for the incubation system with BSA, indicating the noncompetitive inhibition of (S)‐carprofen on the activity of UGT2B7. The fitting plot of the second plot was y=24.6x+180, and the inhibition kinetic parameter was 7.3 μM. In conclusion, the present study gives a short summary of BSA's influence on the carprofen enantiomers–hymecromone interaction, which will guide the clinical application of carprofen and hymecromone. Chirality 28:226–229, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.