bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Approach of Using Nutraceutic‐Directed Caloric Antioxidant Density and Ion‐Ratio for Evaluating Fruit's Health Quality
Authors: Hsieh Chiu‐Lan , Huang Shang‐Ming , Chen Li‐I , Yu Chien‐Mei , Wong Cheng‐Hsin , Peng Robert Y. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSeven kinds of indigenous fruits and five imported fruits were compared for their “health quality.” Methods including the calorific, antioxidant, and ion ratios were carried out. Results indicated the order of content (in mg/100g) was: Ca2+, Murcott orange (218.2) > Kiwifruit (200.0) > pineapple (138.5) > Golden kiwi (117.6); Mg2+, Pitaya (192.2), banana (88.0), Kiwifruit (63.4), and Golden kiwi (58.4); Zn2+, Pitaya (19.53) > pear (10.8) > Kiwifruit (6.09) > Irwin mango (4.58). Cu2+, Kiwifruit (0.70) > Red globe grape (0.67) > Golden kiwi (0.65) > Irwin mango (0.42) ≈ Pitaya (0.40). In terms of ion ratio, Pitaya showed Zn2+/Cu2+ (48.8), Mg2+/Ca2+ (6.7) and uniquely possessed selenium 0.002 mg/100 g; for pear, Zn2+/Cu2+ = 37.2, while Kyoho grape, Red globe grape, and Golden kiwi revealed extremely high Fe2+/(Co2++Ni2+) ratios. On the other hands, Irwin mango and Pitaya astonishingly contained huge amount of inositol, reaching 3523.2 mg/100 g and 1998.7 mg/100 g, respectively. To evaluate the “health quality” of fruits, an overall ranking method by combining (a) the Function‐directed Caloric Antioxidant Density (CAD) and (b) the ion ratio was developed. The finalized ranking of these selected fruits was: Pitaya > cherry > Irwin mango > Murcott orange = pineapple > banana > Golden kiwi > pear > Kiwifruit > Red globe grape > apple > Kyoho grape. Conclusively, this evaluation method is novel, contemporary and scientific, which could more clearly assess the “health quality” of fruits in view of nutritional, calorific, and antioxidant balance.
Quantifying Aid Allocation: A Critical Review of the DFID Needs‐Effectiveness Index
Authors: Tribe Michael 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis article has three main sections. An introduction describes the main features of the Department for International Development's (DFID's) Needs‐Effectiveness Index (N‐EI) which was the basis for aid re‐allocation between countries in the review of UK Aid undertaken in 2010–11. The second main section is a critical review of the ‘poverty’ element of the Index, particularly questioning the selection of the higher of the two World Bank poverty lines, and the adjustment used to allow for differing impact of country population sizes. The third main section focuses on the ‘fragility’ element of the N‐EI, suggesting that the incorporation of this very important element of international ‘need’ into the Index was less than transparent, that it did not reflect important parts of the literature available at the time, and that it understated earlier research sponsored by the DFID. The N‐EI has been subjected to little critical evaluation in the literature even though it had a central position in the major review of UK aid allocation. The article concludes that further consideration of the attributes of the N‐EI would be necessary if it were to be used as the basis for policy decision‐making in the future.
Environmental suitability forAgrilus auroguttatus(Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in Mexico using MaxEnt and database records of fourQuercus(Fagaceae) species
Authors: López‐Martínez Víctor , Sánchez‐Martínez Guillermo , Jiménez‐García Daniel , Pérez‐De la O Nidia B. , Coleman Tom W. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe goldspotted oak borerAgrilus auroguttatusSchaeffer is an invasive pest of threeQuercusspecies in southern California, U.S.A. As a native and potentially indigenous exotic species, its distribution and potential damage is largely unknown in Mexico.We used the maximum entropy algorithm to determine the bioclimatic variables that may explain the distribution ofA. auroguttatus, as well as its interaction with the distribution of known hosts in Mexico.Our model calculated high suitability forA. auroguttatusin the biogeographical provinces of California, the northern and southern areas of Sierra Madre Occidental and the northwestern area of the Mexican Plateau; moderate suitability was projected in the Baja California, Sonora and Sierra Madre Occidental provinces. Potential distribution ofA. auroguttatuswas overlapping with native ranges ofQuercus agrifolia,Quercus emoryiTorrey andQuercus hypoleucoidesA. Camus. Precipitation of the coldest quarter (23.6%), isothermality (23.5%), precipitation seasonality (17.3%) and mean temperature of the coldest quarter (11.2%) contributed most to explaining its distribution in Mexico.The geographical interaction (i.e. the likelihood that the habitat would be suitable for coexistence) ofA. auroguttatuswith its hosts in Mexico was projected in the California province (46 382.60 km2, probably as an exotic species) and the northwestern areas of Mexican Plateau and Sierra Madre Occidental provinces (74 013.45 km2, probably as native).Determining the areas of environmental suitability forA. auroguttatusand its host distribution can focus ground surveys, contribute to management efforts and assist in the development of risk assessments for Mexico.
The significance of unrecognized histological high‐risk features on response to therapy in papillary thyroid carcinoma measuring 1–4 cm: implications for completion thyroidectomy following lobectomy
Authors: Lang Brian H.‐H. , Shek Tony W.H. , Wan Koon Y. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryBackgroundAlthough lobectomy is an alternative to total thyroidectomy (TT) for 1–4 cm papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) without high‐risk features (HRFs) such as aggressive histology, vascular invasion, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), microscopic extrathyroidal extension, positive margin, nodal metastasis >5 mm and multifocality, these HRFs are not recognized until after surgery. Therefore, the chance of completion TT being required following lobectomy might be high. We evaluated the frequency of unrecognized HRFs and how they affected the response to therapy following TT and radioiodine (RAI).MethodsAltogether, 1513 patients were analysed. Only 1–4 cm PTCs without recognizable HRFs were included. For response‐to‐therapy evaluation, only patients who had TT and post‐RAI‐stimulated thyroglobulin were analysed. Patients without an excellent response were defined as having ‘incomplete response’. A multivariate analysis for incomplete response was performed.ResultsOf the 600 patients eligible for lobectomy, 257 (42·8%) had ≥1 unrecognized histological HRF before surgery. The prevalence of unrecognized HRFs was similar between 1‐2 cm and >2–4 cm PTCs (P = 0·393). Of the 330 patients eligible for response‐to‐therapy evaluation, 260 (78·8%) had an excellent response while 70 (21·2%) had an incomplete response. LVI was the only independent unrecognized HRF for incomplete response (P = 0·021).ConclusionsThe prevalence of unrecognized histological HRFs under the current recommendations is relatively high among 1–4 cm PTCs. Among the unrecognized histological HRFs, LVI was the only one which independently associated with an incomplete response (i.e. posing an increased risk of persistent/recurrent disease after curative surgery). These findings may have implications for patients who undergo lobectomy for 1–4 cm PTCs with no clinically recognizable HRFs under the current recommendations.
Using diffusion tensor imaging to identify corticospinal tract projection patterns in children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy
Authors: Kuo Hsing‐Ching , Ferre Claudio L , Carmel Jason B , Gowatsky Jaimie L , Stanford Arielle D , Rowny Stefan B , Lisanby Sarah H , Gordon Andrew M , Friel Kathleen M 
Published: July 2016

AimTo determine whether diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can be an independent assessment for identifying the corticospinal tract (CST) projecting from the more‐affected motor cortex in children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy (CP).MethodTwenty children with unilateral spastic CP participated in this study (16 males, four females; mean age 9y 2mo [standard deviation (SD) 3y 2mo], Manual Ability Classification System [MACS] level I–III). We used DTI tractography to reconstruct the CST projecting from the more‐affected motor cortex. We mapped the motor representation of the more‐affected hand by stimulating the more‐ and the less‐affected motor cortex measured with single‐pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). We then verified the presence or absence of the contralateral CST by comparing the TMS map and DTI tractography. Fisher's exact test was used to determine the association between findings of TMS and DTI.ResultsDTI tractography successfully identified the CST controlling the more‐affected hand (sensitivity=82%, specificity=78%).InterpretationContralateral CST projecting from the lesioned motor cortex assessed by DTI is consistent with findings of TMS mapping. Since CST connectivity may be predictive of response to certain upper extremity treatments, DTI‐identified CST connectivity may potentially be valuable for determining such connectivity where TMS is unavailable or inadvisable for children with seizures.
Orofacial pain induced by Eagle syndrome in an elderly patient with temporomandibular disorders – a case report
Authors: Costantinides Fulvia , Vidoni Gabriele , Tonni Ingrid , Bazzocchi Gabriele , Bodin Christiane , Di Lenarda Roberto 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundEagle syndrome (ES) is a rare disorder that can be responsible for orofacial pain.ObjectiveTo describe the treatment of an elderly patient affected by ES and temporomandibular disorders (TMD).Materials and methodsA patient complained of constant pain of the right temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and of the sensation of having a foreign body in the throat. Based on the patient's medical history and symptoms, a TMJs internal derangement and concomitant ES were suspected. A magnetic resonance and a computerised tomography confirmed the clinical diagnosis. A conservative treatment was initially performed to re‐establish a functional occlusion.ResultsThe rehabilitative treatment alleviated the pain almost totally. A slight residual uncomfortable sensation of the presence of a foreign body in the throat persisted after the oral rehabilitation but without any influence on the quality of life.ConclusionIn elderly patients complaining a chronic orofacial pain, the possibility of a concomitant TMD and ES has to be considered to correctly identify the source of pain. A conservative approach to identify weather TMD is the main source of pain is preferable, avoiding unnecessary invasive treatments.
Randomized controlled trial of a book‐sharing intervention in a deprived South African community: effects on carer–infant interactions, and their relation to infant cognitive and socioemotional outcome
Authors: Murray Lynne , De Pascalis Leonardo , Tomlinson Mark , Vally Zahir , Dadomo Harold , MacLachlan Brenda , Woodward Charlotte , Cooper Peter J. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundConsistent with evidence from high‐income countries (HICs), we previously showed that, in an informal peri‐urban settlement in a low‐middle income country, training parents in book sharing with their infants benefitted infant language and attention (Vally, Murray, Tomlinson, & Cooper, ). Here, we investigated whether these benefits were explained by improvements in carer–infant interactions in both book‐sharing and non‐book‐sharing contexts. We also explored whether infant socioemotional development benefitted from book sharing.MethodsWe conducted a randomized controlled trial in Khayelitsha, South Africa. Carers of 14–16‐month‐old infants were randomized to 8 weeks’ training in book sharing (n = 49) or a wait‐list control group (n = 42). In addition to the cognitive measures reported previously, independent assessments were made at base line and follow‐up of carer–infant interactions during book sharing and toy play. Assessments were also made, at follow‐up only, of infant prosocial behaviour in a ‘help task’, and of infant imitation of doll characters’ nonsocial actions and an interpersonal interaction. Eighty‐two carer–infant pairs (90%) were assessed at follow‐up. (Trial registration ISRCTN39953901).ResultsCarers who received the training showed significant improvements in book‐sharing interactions (sensitivity, elaborations, reciprocity), and, to a smaller extent, in toy‐play interactions (sensitivity). Infants in the intervention group showed a significantly higher rate of prosocial behaviour, and tended to show more frequent imitation of the interpersonal interaction. Improvements in carer behaviour during book sharing, but not during toy play, mediated intervention effects on all infant cognitive outcomes, and tended to mediate intervention effects on infant interpersonal imitation.ConclusionsTraining in book sharing, a simple, inexpensive intervention that has been shown to benefit infant cognitive development in a low‐middle income country, also shows promise for improving infant socioemotional outcomes in this context. Benefits are mediated by improvements in carer–infant interactions, particularly in book‐sharing contexts.
A Study on Topographical Properties and Surface Wettability of Monolithic Zirconia after Use of Diverse Polishing Instruments with Different Surface Coatings
Authors: Al‐Haj Husain Nadin , Özcan Mutlu 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the surface topography parameters and wettability of monolithic zirconia (MZ) using polishing instruments with different coatings.Materials and MethodsMZ specimens (N = 50, n = 10 per group) (12 × 12 × 1.8 mm3) were highly polished. Five polishing systems were studied: BG: silicon carbide polishers; CG: diamond‐impregnated ceramic polisher kit; EV: synthetically bonded grinder interspersed with diamond; SL: urethane‐coated paper with aluminum oxide grits; and DB: diamond bur (8 μm). Specimens were initially roughened with 220 μm grit diamond burs (10 seconds, 160,000 rpm). After baseline measurements, they were further polished for 10 seconds using a slow‐speed handpiece under water coolant, except for SL using a custom‐made device (7.5 N), with speed ranging between 5000 and 30,000 rpm. Topographical changes were evaluated considering (a) weight (digital scale), (b) volume loss (digital microscope), (c) vertical height loss (digital microscope), (d) surface roughness (Ra) (profilometer), and (e) surface wettability (goniometer, water).ResultsCompared to baseline, material loss from the surface after polishing (ΔW) ranged between 0.00 ± 0.0001×10−1 and –0.03 ± 0.008×10−1 g (SLa < CGa < BGa < DBb < EVc) and the volume loss (ΔV) between 900 ± 3×10−5 and 2459 ± 7×10−5 μm3 (SLa < BGa < CGa,b < DBb < EVc). The vertical height loss (∆VH) was highest for SL (–18.911 ± 3.5) and lowest for EV 55.19 ± 6.3 μm (SLa < BGa < CGa,b < DBb < EVc). The surface roughness (μm) difference (∆Ra) was lowest for DB (–0.14 ± 0.02) and the highest for EV (0.86 ± 0.42) (DBa < BGa < SLa < CGa < EVb). BG showed the lowest contact angle difference (∆SW) –2.79 ± 0.8° and EV the highest (3.93 ± 3.1°) (BGa < DBa < SLa < CGa < EVa).ConclusionsAll polishing instruments performed similarly when ∆Ra values were considered. SL, BG, and CG produced the least material loss. Synthetically bonded rubber bur interspersed with diamond (EV) could not be suggested for polishing MZ.
Fingolimod hydrochloride gel shows promising therapeutic effects in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis
Authors: Tamakuwala Mayurkumar , Ratna Warren , Joshi Amit , Stagni Grazia 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Objectives
To assess the efficacy of topically applied 2% hydroxypropyl cellulose gels containing 0.5% fingolimod hydrochloride (FNGL) with or without 6% colloidal oatmeal in an in vivo model of atopic dermatitis (AD).

Methods
AD-like lesions were induced in SKH1/Hr hairless mice and were treated with FNGL gels, non-medicated base gels and Elidel® cream for 6 weeks. The severity/improvement of the lesions was assessed regularly using the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI), pH of the skin, transepidermal water loss, g/m2/h (TEWL), humidity and temperature. At the end of the experiments, the plasma levels of cytokines, FNGL and white blood cells were determined.

Key findings
The EASI score was almost unchanged for the vehicle-only groups compared to before the treatments, whereas the medicated groups showed a significant decrease in the overall EASI score (P &lt; 0.01), although there was non-significant differences among them (P &gt; 0.081). Both the FNGL groups also showed a significant (P ˂ 0.05) reduction in blood WBC.

Conclusion
This study shows that the gels containing 0.50% FNGL and FNGL 0.50% plus 6% colloidal oatmeal have potential for the treatment of AD. The presence of colloidal oatmeal may provide additional benefits.
Plate failure by bending following tibial fracture stabilisation in 10 cats
Authors: Morris A. P. , Anderson A. A. , Barnes D. M. , Bright S. R. , Knudsen C. S. , Lewis D. D. , Pozzi A. , Langley‐Hobbs S. J. 
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVETo describe the clinical findings and management of tibial fractures in cats in which osteosynthesis failed due to plate bending.METHODSCase records and radiographs of cat tibial fracture repairs from five referral centres were reviewed for signalment and to assess incidence of plate failure by bending. Cats that sustained plate bending following plate or plate‐rod fixation were reviewed for fracture configuration, repair method, initial postoperative and postfailure tibial alignment, revision treatment and outcome.RESULTSThe incidence of plate bending in cat fractures managed with plate and plate‐rod fixation in the four referral centres where the overall number could be established was 13% (8/60). In the 10 cats in which plates bent, initial fractures were generally oblique or spiral with mild comminution and located in the middle or distal third of the tibia. Mean time to implant failure was 24 days (range 2 to 56 days). Mean tibial valgus angle increased from 12·9° to 30·9° following bending of the plate. Short‐term outcome following revision surgery using orthogonal plating or stacked medial plates was favourable with improvement in tibial valgus in all five fractures with follow‐up data.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEPlate bending following tibial fracture stabilisation in these 10 cats resulted in tibial valgus deformation. Consideration of plate and/or intramedullary rod selection and application should be given to avoid a plate strain environment that exceeds the yield point of the plate.
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia after immunosuppressive treatment
Authors: Appel Shmuel , Nitsan Zeev , Gelfand Anna , Tikhmanovich Natalia , Dorodnicov Elena , Reznik‐Zoref Jenia , Milo Ron , Lugassy Gilles , Simonovich Azaria 
Published: July 2016

AbstractProgressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a fatal viral infection of the central nervous system. Magnetic resonance imaging typically shows hyperintense T2/fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery lesions in the periventricular or subcortical white matter without contrast enhancement or gray matter involvement. Herein, we report on a case of a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and developed progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with unusual magnetic resonance imaging findings.
The Aesthetics of Electronic Dance Music, Part II: Dancers, DJs, Ontology and Aesthetics
Authors: Wiltsher Nick 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWhat's aesthetically interesting or significant about electronic dance music? The first answer I consider here is that dancing is significant. Using literature on groove, dance and expression, I sketch an account of club dancing as expressive activity. I next consider the aesthetic achievements of DJs, introducing two conceptions of what they do. These thoughts lead to discussions of dance music's ontology. I suggest that the fundamental work of dance music is the mix and that mixes require their own ontology, distinct from ontologies of recordings or improvisations. Finally, I explore two aspects of dance music's aesthetics: its connection with repetition and repetitiveness and its use of electronic sounds and technologies. I conclude with some speculative thoughts about the unique relation dance music bears to repetition and electronics. This article is Part II of two; in Part I, I consider the problem of defining dance music, via the framing question of authenticity. I explore history, genre, scenes and subcultures, and blackness.
Introducing perception and modelling of spatial randomness in classroom
Authors: De Nóbrega José Renato 
Published: July 2016

SummaryA strategy to facilitate understanding of spatial randomness is described, using student activities developed in sequence: looking at spatial patterns, simulating approximate spatial randomness using a grid of equally‐likely squares, using binomial probabilities for approximations and predictions and then comparing with given Poisson probabilities. Key questions are discussed with students on concepts needed to understand the approximate models and to generate predictions based on the approximations. The sequence is structured to be interactive to encourage student's interest and curiosity.
KERANGKA HIRARKI FAKTOR PENUAAN PERISIAN (HIPP): SATU KAJIAN EMPIRIK DI MALAYSIA
Authors: Zainal Abidin Zaiha Nadiah , Yahaya Jamaiah , Deraman Aziz 
Published: July 2016

Software ageing is a phenomenon of software performance and quality performance decreases with time. Many previous studies assessing the impact experienced by software in aging phase. In this study, the aging of the software defined differently with previous studies. In this study software ageing is defined as a software that loses it value and quality to consumers and the environment. An empirical study was undertaken to identify other factors that affect software ageing. The purpose of this article is to present an analysis of the results of empirical studies on factors that affecting software ageing. In this empirical study, questionnaires were distributed randomlyto software practitioners through a recognized database. Questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS software. The results of the empirical study identifies the factors that influence the software ageing. Factorsare classified according to specific classes based on the combinationof classification approach, Goal Question Metric(GQM) and Factor Attribute Metric Measure(FAME). The final result of this article is a hierarchical classification structure factors that will be used as the basis for the development of the instrument in the case study at the next level.
A FAST AND EFFECTIVE SEGMENTATION ALGORITHM WITH AUTOMATIC REMOVAL OF INEFFECTIVE FEATURES ON TONGUE IMAGES
Authors: Kamarudin Nur Diyana , Ooi Chia Yee , Kawanabe Tadaaki , Mi Xiaoyu , Odaguchi Hiroshi , Hanawa Toshihiko , Kobayashi Fuminori 
Published: July 2016

In computerized tongue diagnostic system, tongue body color has been one of the essential features that contain rich information for diagnosing disease. However, tongue body color measurement can be influenced by the tongue coating color and other ineffective features such as significant coatings, shadows, teeth mark and crackles. This paper presents a fast processing segmentation algorithm using Hue, Saturation and Value (HSV) color space transformation to segment and remove these ineffective features aiming to have an accurate color measurement for online diagnosis. The newly devised Brightness Conformable Multiplier (BCM) has been proposed to automatically adjust the threshold brightness based on three conditions of lower perioral area’s brightness, ; when is smaller than its standard deviation, is greater than its standard deviation and otherwise. Besides, the Modified Sequential Algorithm (MSA) has been proposed to offer fast processing algorithm of 1.445 seconds and better segmentation. The successful segmentation rate was recorded as 90%. Furthermore, color measurement is carried out on the segmented samples and the analysis showed that the dispersion range of tongue body color measurement is small. This indicates a convincing result as the color boundary among light red, red and deep red tongue has been determined precisely.