bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen fixation and fertilization have similar effects on biomass allocation in nitrogen‐fixing plants
Authors: Menge Duncan N. L. , Wolf Amelia A. , Funk Jennifer L. , Perakis Steven S. , Carreras Pereira K. A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPlants adjust their allocation to different organs based on nutrient supply. In some plant species, symbioses with nitrogen‐fixing bacteria that live in root nodules provide an alternate pathway for nitrogen acquisition. Does access to nitrogen‐fixing bacteria modify plants' biomass allocation? We hypothesized that access to nitrogen‐fixing bacteria would have the same effect on allocation to aboveground versus belowground tissues as access to plentiful soil nitrogen. To test this hypothesis and related hypotheses about allocation to stems versus leaves and roots versus nodules, we conducted experiments with 15 species of nitrogen‐fixing plants in two separate greenhouses. In each, we grew seedlings with and without access to symbiotic bacteria across a wide gradient of soil nitrogen supply. As is common, uninoculated plants allocated relatively less biomass belowground when they had more soil nitrogen. As we hypothesized, nitrogen fixation had a similar effect as the highest level of fertilization on allocation aboveground versus belowground. Both nitrogen fixation and high fertilization led to ~10% less biomass allocated belowground (~10% more aboveground) than the uninoculated, lowest fertilization treatment. Fertilization reduced allocation to nodules relative to roots. The responses for allocation of aboveground tissues to leaves versus stems were not as consistent across greenhouses or species as the other allocation trends, though more nitrogen fixation consistently led to relatively more allocation to leaves when soil nitrogen supply was low. Synthesis: Our results suggest that symbiotic nitrogen fixation causes seedlings to allocate relatively less biomass belowground, with potential implications for competition and carbon storage in early forest development.
New insights on the phylogeny, evolutionary history, and ecological adaptation mechanism in cycle‐cup oaks based on chloroplast genomes
Authors: Li Yu , Zheng Si‐Si , Wang Tian‐Rui , Liu Mei‐Hua , Kozlowski Gregor , Yi Li‐Ta , Song Yi‐Gang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCycle‐cup oaks (Quercus section Cyclobalanopsis) are one of the principal components of forests in the tropical and subtropical climates of East and Southeast Asia. They have experienced relatively recent increases in the diversification rate, driven by changing climates and the Himalayan orogeny. However, the evolutionary history and adaptive mechanisms at the chloroplast genome level in cycle‐cup oaks remain largely unknown. Therefore, we studied this problem by conducting chloroplast genomics on 50 of the ca. 90 species. Comparative genomics and other analyses showed that Quercus section Cyclobalanopsis had a highly conserved chloroplast genome structure. Highly divergent regions, such as the ndhF and ycf1 gene regions and the petN—psbM and rpoB—trnC‐GCA intergenic spacer regions, provided potential molecular markers for subsequent analysis. The chloroplast phylogenomic tree indicated that Quercus section Cyclobalanopsis was not monophyletic, which mixed with the other two sections of subgenus Cerris. The reconstruction of ancestral aera inferred that Palaeotropics was the most likely ancestral range of Quercus section Cyclobalanopsis, and then dispersed to Sino‐Japan and Sino‐Himalaya. Positive selection analysis showed that the photosystem genes had the lowest ω values among the seven functional gene groups. And nine protein‐coding genes containing sites for positive selection: ndhA, ndhD, ndhF, ndhH, rbcL, rpl32, accD, ycf1, and ycf2. This series of analyses together revealed the phylogeny, evolutionary history, and ecological adaptation mechanism of the chloroplast genome of Quercus section Cyclobalanopsis in the long river of earth history. These chloroplast genome data provide valuable information for deep insights into phylogenetic relationships and intraspecific diversity in Quercus.
Eco‐efficiency improvement strategies for disinfectants
Authors: de Moura Italo Emmanoel Mesquita Oliveira , da Silva Elaine Aparecida 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDisinfectants are essential products for reducing health risks, but they also have significant environmental impacts. This study assessed the Eco‐efficiency of disinfectants based on the NBR ISO 14045:2014. Primary data were collected from Brazilian producers, while secondary data were obtained from patents and the Ecoinvent database. The system boundaries encompassed cradle‐to‐consumer use. The selling price was adopted as the product system value indicator (economic analysis). Raw materials production had the greatest impact on the environmental performance of disinfectants A (Antibacterial, surfactant and preservative) and C (Antibacterial, surfactant and opacifier). Disinfectant B, in addition to raw materials production (Antibacterial, opacifier and surfactant), also experienced significant impacts from consumer transport. These critical processes represent more than 60% of the overall impacts in both categories. The Eco‐efficiency matrix (profile) related environmental and economic indicators. All disinfectants occupied quadrants three or four, indicating high impact on the environmental categories. Disinfectant C had the highest Eco‐efficiency while disinfectant B had the lowest, mainly due to its product system value. Sensitivity analysis indicated environmentally viable changes in the products' composition, such as replacing the antibacterial, surfactant, preservative, and opacifier. Energy and water consumption did not significantly impact the assessed products.
SolBeePopecotox: A Population Model for Pesticide Risk Assessments of Solitary Bees
Authors: Schmolke Amelie , Galic Nika , Roeben Vanessa , Preuss Thomas G. , Miles Mark , Hinarejos Silvia 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In agricultural landscapes, solitary bees occur in a large diversity of species and are important for crop and wildflower pollination. They are distinguished from honey bees and bumble bees by their solitary lifestyle as well as different nesting strategies, phenologies, and floral preferences. Their ecological traits and presence in agricultural landscapes imply potential exposure to pesticides and suggest a need to conduct ecological risk assessments for solitary bees. However, assessing risks to the large diversity of managed and wild bees across landscapes and regions poses a formidable challenge. Population models provide tools to estimate potential population-level effects of pesticide exposures, can support field study design and interpretation, and can be applied to expand study data to untested conditions. We present a population model for solitary bees, SolBeePopecotox, developed for use in the context of ecological risk assessments. The trait-based model extends a previous version with the explicit representation of exposures to pesticides from relevant routes. Effects are implemented in the model using a simplified toxicokinetic–toxicodynamic model, BeeGUTS (GUTS = generalized unified threshold model for survival), adapted specifically for bees. We evaluated the model with data from semifield studies conducted with the red mason bee, Osmia bicornis, in which bees were foraging in tunnels over control and insecticide-treated oilseed rape fields. We extended the simulations to capture hypothetical semifield studies with two soil-nesting species, Nomia melanderi and Eucera pruinosa, which are difficult to test in empirical studies. The model provides a versatile tool for higher-tier risk assessments, for instance, to estimate effects of potential exposures, expanding available study data to untested species, environmental conditions, or exposure scenarios. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:2645–2661. © 2024 SETAC
A Role‐Needs Framework: Rethinking Support for Informal Caregivers for Alzheimer's Across the Global South and Global North
Authors: Knight Fauzia , Ridge Damien , Loveday Catherine , Weidner Wendy , Roeser Jannice , Halton Candida , Cartwright Tina 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveCaregivers play an essential role in supporting people with Alzheimer's disease globally. User‐informed research is vital to developing trans‐cultural guidelines for dementia support organisations. While coping strategies of caregivers are well researched, the ‘coping‐effectiveness’ framework falls short of representing all caregiver needs. Our aim was to develop a robust and inclusive, globally applicable framework of caregiver‐informed support needs.MethodsIn partnership with Alzheimer's Disease International and Roche, we conducted qualitative online semi‐structured interviews with 34 family caregivers from the Global North (UK, US) and Global South (Brazil, South Africa) in the COVID‐19 context. Participant‐generated photographs helped encourage discussions of hidden contextual issues. Iterative inductive narrative analysis of interviews and photographs was carried out with input from global and national charity and industry sectors.ResultsWe identified a framework of four cross‐cultural caring approaches with implications for support: (1) Empathising, using emotion‐focused strategies to develop strong expertise and coping skills, with time specific information, psychosocial and peer support needs. (2) Organising, using problem‐focused strategies, with strong narratives of expertise and advocacy which benefited from early structured information and professional confirmation. (3) Non‐identifying caregiving, where daily aspects of caring occurred without specialist knowledge and expertise, and caregivers sought assistance in managing disease‐related support. (4) Reluctance, where struggling with unwanted caring responsibilities meant caregivers looked to professionals to carry out daily care.ConclusionOur findings move beyond the ‘coping‐effectiveness’ framework of support to suggest a novel ‘role‐needs’ framework. Our approach supports inclusive ways of tailoring support to fit individual caregiver circumstances globally.
iPLA2β regulates the dual effects of arachidonic acid in thyroid cancer
Authors: Zhang Yu , Su Wei , Yang Zhou , Zhao Dan , Guan Qing , Liao Tian , Li Duanshu , Feng Baijie , Wang Yunjun , Wang Yu , Xiang Jun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundAbnormal arachidonic acid metabolism in the tumor microenvironment is closely related to cancer progression; however, thyroid cancer was rarely researched.MethodsThrough lipidomic analysis, we disclosed that dysregulated arachidonic acid metabolism plays dual effects on thyroid cancer. The promoting role of arachidonic acid in the progression of thyroid cancer cells was evaluated utilizing cell viability (CCK‐8 assay) and transwell invasion assays, confirmed by corresponding inhibitors. Lipid peroxidation and the use of various cell death inhibitors confirmed that arachidonic acid confers vulnerability to ferroptosis in thyroid cancer. The roles of arachidonic acid and ferroptosis inducer in thyroid cancer were assessed in a xenograft mouse model.ResultsOn one hand, arachidonic acid promotes the progression of thyroid cancer through the cyclooxygenase/prostaglandin pathway; on another hand, arachidonic acid confers vulnerability to ferroptosis through lipoxygenases. Moreover, iPLA2β drives converse roles of arachidonic acid between cancer‐progression and ferroptosis vulnerability through releasing free arachidonic acid from the cell membrane. Finally, we confirmed high arachidonic acid diet promotes the development of thyroid cancer in vivo, whereas ferroptosis inducer sulfasalazine dramatically reduced tumor growth of mice with feeding arachidonic acid.ConclusionsOur research demonstrated the roles of iPLA2β in conversing dual effects of arachidonic acid in thyroid cancer and provides ferroptosis inducer as a potential therapeutic strategy.
Characteristics and prognostic implications of a cohort of 50 Sertoli‐Leydig cell tumors at a single center
Authors: Kang Jia , Mei Dongyan , Xing Xiaoyan , Cao Yang , Liang Dandan , Shi Honghui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the study was to investigate the clinical characteristics, therapy strategies and prognosis of Sertoli‐Leydig cell tumors (SLCTs).MethodsA total of 50 cases of ovarian SLCTs were retrospectively analyzed. We performed descriptive statistics to describe baseline characteristics.ResultsA total of 70% of SLCT patients were below the age of 45 years. The dominant pathologic types were poor (40%) and moderate (40%) differentiation. Retiform variant tumor is more aggressive and tends to appear in children. According to the 2014 FIGO (the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) classification, tumors were classified as Stage I (n = 46: well differentiated, n = 4; moderately differentiated, n = 19; poorly differentiated, n = 18; and retiform, n = 5), Stage II (n = 1, moderately differentiated), Stage III (n = 1, poorly differentiated), and Stage IV (n = 2: poorly differentiated, n = 1; and retiform, n = 1). Median follow‐up was 58.1 months (2–132 months). A total of 45 patients (90%) achieved clinical remission. Four patients experienced a relapse (34.5 months, range: 7–58) and one patient died of the tumor at 10 months after initial treatment. All patients in grossly Stage IA achieved complete response, irrespective of the presence or absence of staging surgery or chemotherapy. After treatment, five patients successfully gave birth to healthy babies.ConclusionThe prognosis for women diagnosed with early stage (I–II) SLCT is generally favorable, especially Stage IA. while those with advanced stages, poorly differentiated, retiform variant, or tumors containing heterologous components exhibit a more aggressive clinical course. Fertility sparing surgery appears to represent a feasible treatment approach for early stage SLCTs.
The Regulation of Cerebral Lymphatic Drainage in the Transverse Sinus Region of the Mouse Brain
Authors: Xie Zengjun , He Zhihui , Yuan Zhen , Wang Miao , Zhou Feifan 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTCerebral lymphatic drainage is an important pathway for metabolic waste clearance in the brain, which plays a crucial role in the progression of central nervous system diseases. Recent studies have shown that norepinephrine (NE) is involved in the regulation of cerebral lymphatic drainage function, but the modulation mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we confirmed that NE rapidly reduced glymphatic influx and enhanced meningeal lymphatic clearance. Moreover, the transverse sinus (TS) was the vital region of cerebral lymphatic drainage regulation by NE. Further analysis revealed that NE inhibition could simultaneously enhance glymphatic drainage and dorsal meningeal lymphatic drainage, mainly acting on the TS region. This study demonstrated that the cerebral lymphatic drainage system can be regulated by NE, with the TS region serving as the primary modulating site. The findings provide a potential regulatory target for the amelioration of neurological diseases associated with cerebral lymphatic drainage function.
Silencing EPHB2 diminished the malignant biological properties of esophagus cancer cells by blocking autophagy and Wnt/β‐catenin pathway
Authors: Cai Shusheng , Ye Lianhua , Zhong Qiming , Zhang Xin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEph receptor B2 (EPHB2) is overexpressed in some tumors and relevant to unfavorable outcomes of tumor patients. By searching Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis and KM Plot websites, we discovered that EPHB2 was highly expressed in patients with esophageal cancer, leading to poor prognosis. However, the role and molecular mechanism of EPHB2 in esophagus cancer is unknown. Our study aims to unveil the underlying mechanism by which EPHB2 modulates the biological properties of esophagus cancer cells. After si‐EPHB2 transfection, the malignant biological properties of esophagus cancer cells were determined by several biological experiments. IWP‐4 was applied to block Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway. The expressions of autophagy and Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway relevant molecules were tested by western blot assay. An increased expression of EPHB2 was happened in esophagus cancer samples and loss of EPHB2 diminished esophagus cancer cells proliferation, migration, and invasion. Moreover, our data showed that depletion of EPHB2 blocked the autophagy and in‐activated Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway in esophagus cancer cells. While, IWP‐4 treatment inhibited the autophagy and limited esophagus cancer cells proliferation, migration, and invasion. Moreover, EPHB2 knocked down strengthened the effect of IWP‐4 treatment in regulating esophagus cancer cells proliferation, migration, and invasion. Finally, we illustrated that EPHB2 regulated the biological properties of esophagus cancer cells by modulating autophagy and Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway. Our study illustrated that EPHB2 might be a worthwhile target considering for the treatment of esophagus cancer.
Can ultrasound elastography be useful in the diagnosis of poor ovarian response?
Authors: Gulec Ebru Sahin , Gur Esra Bahar , Kurtulmus Secil Karaca , Kaygun Bilgesu Cetinel , Kasap Esin , Demir Ahmet 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study aims to compare the elastographic properties of the ovaries of patients with poor ovarian response (POR) with healthy controls by using real‐time ultrasound tissue elastography and to investigate the predictive value of ovarian strain ratio (OSR) in the diagnosis of POR.Materials and MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted among infertility patients. OSR measurements of 46 women diagnosed with POR and 41 healthy controls with male infertility were performed by real‐time ultrasound tissue elastography. Ovarian volume, OSR, antral follicle count (AFC), age, body mass index (BMI), anti‐mullerian hormone (AMH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and estradiol (E2) values, were compared between the groups. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to compare the sensitivity and specificity of OSR, AFC, AMH, FSH, and E2 for POR diagnosis.ResultsPatients with POR were significantly older, had a lower duration of infertility, lower AMH, higher FSH, higher E2, lower AFC and ovarian volume (p < 0.01, p = 0.02, p < 0.01, p < 0.01, p < 0.01, p < 0.01, p < 0.01, respectively). The mean OSR of both ovaries was similar between the groups. For the diagnosis of POR, the sensitivity and specificity for AMH were 97.5% and 100%, for AFC were 86.7% and 97.6%; for FSH were 66.7% and 80.5%, for E2 were 53.3% and 90.2%, respectively.ConclusionsThe significant independent predictors of the POR were AMH, AFC, and FSH, with no additional significant contribution from OSR. However, considering the relationship between POR and ovarian fibrosis, it is recommended to investigate this issue in more comprehensive studies.
Ultrasound‐guided percutaneous thrombin injection for the management of upper extremity pseudoaneurysms: 20 years of tertiary care center experience
Authors: McCarthy Colin J. , Weinstein Jeffrey L. , Bulman Julie C. , Schroeppel DeBacker Sarah E. , Berkowitz Seth J. , Dowlatshahi Arriyan S. , Ahmed Muneeb , Faintuch Salomao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of ultrasound‐guided percutaneous thrombin injection for the treatment of upper extremity pseudoaneurysms.MethodsAn institutional database containing 8,316,467 radiology reports was searched for suitable cases over a 241‐month period. Fourteen female and 10 male patients, average age of 69.7 years (range 29–93) underwent a total of 26 procedures for the management of upper extremity pseudoaneurysms, involving the radial (n = 9), brachial (n = 9) or other upper extremity arteries (n = 6). Baseline demographic and pseudoaneurysm characteristics were documented, together with primary and secondary success, failures, and complications. All procedures were performed with real‐time ultrasound guidance.ResultsThe mean pseudoaneurysm volume was 9.93 cm3 (range 0.06–111.62 cm3). Twelve cases were related to central line placement or arterial access. Primary success was obtained in 50% (n = 12) after a single ultrasound‐guided thrombin injection, and secondary success was achieved in an additional six (for a total success of 75%). Success was highest for the treatment of brachial artery pseudoaneurysms (87.5%), and in those who were diagnosed within 7 days of the inciting event, findings that were statistically significant (p‐value 0.046 and 0.002, respectively).ConclusionsUltrasound‐guided percutaneous thrombin injection is safe and effective for managing upper extremity pseudoaneurysms.
Fetuses with deceleration of growth improve their growth following maternal rest
Authors: DeVore Greggory R. , Polanco Bardo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine if fetuses with deceleration of growth velocity resulting in an EFW <10th percentile increase their growth above the 10th percentile following 2 weeks of maternal rest in the left lateral recumbent position.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study of 265 fetuses with the prenatal diagnosis of an EFW <10th percentile. Fetuses were classified by four definitions of abnormal growth velocity: (1) a growth velocity less than 20 g/day, (2) 30 percentile decrease in the EFW, (3) 50 percentile decrease in the EFW, and (4) abnormal growth trajectory. Once the fetuses were identified with an EFW <10th percentile the patient was requested to begin 2 weeks of rest in the left lateral recumbent position during her waking hours following which the EFW was reassessed 2 week later to determine the effect of maternal rest on the EFW.ResultsIrrespective of the four types of decreased growth velocity described in the methods section, there was as significant increase (p < 0.001) in the EFW following 2 weeks of maternal rest as follows: (1) growth less than 20 g/day (75%); (2) decrease of 30 or more EFW percentiles (79%); (3) decrease of 50 or more EFW percentiles (64%); and abnormal growth trajectory (77%).ConclusionsThis suggests an important role of increased maternal cardiac output as the result of resting in the left lateral recumbent position that may be associated with improved fetal growth. These observations should be the basis for future prospective randomized trials to test this hypothesis.