bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL VALIDATION OF DOUBLE COLUMN INTERNAL FIXATION THEORY FOR DISTAL FEMORAL FRACTURES
Authors: Belenky I. G. , Sergeev G. D. , Mayorov B. A. , Semenov S. G. , Benin A. V. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose of the study – to experimentally compare efficiency of lateral and bilateral (lateral and medial) plate fixation of distal femoral fractures and to validate the appropriateness of double column theory of distal femur anatomy for internal fixation for these fractures.Material and methods. The authors performed a biomechanical study in two series on polyurethane models of right femur corresponding in dimensions to natural femur. After simulating a 33 C2 fracture type it was fixed by one lateral plate or two (lateral and medial) plates. After fixation the models were tested in six load ranges with maximal load from 20 to 120 kgf in cyclic mode.Results. The authors obtained a significant difference in absolute values of fragments displacement amplitude depending on fixation method. In the first series of the experiment – one plate fixed on the lateral surface of the femur – under minimal load the displacement value was reported as0.3 mm and under maximal load —1.9 mm; in the second series of experiment – two plates fixed on the lateral and medial surfaces of the femur – displacement values were reported as0.35 mm and0.95 mm respectively. Conclusion. The presence or absence of medial support after internal fixation has a profound impact on ensuring stability in cases of comminuted fractures of distal femoral fractures. In this context the use of double column theory of distal femur anatomy for internal fixation can significantly improve the treatment outcomes for such patients. After trials of minimally invasive fixation method on anatomical specimen the described theory can be implemented into the clinical practice.
PENGARUH PENGALAMAN KERJA, INDEPENDENSI, INTEGRITAS, OBYEKTIVITAS DAN KOMPETENSI TERHADAP KUALITAS AUDIT
Authors: Wardhani Veby Kusuma , Triyuwono Iwan , Achsin Muhammad 
Published: October 2017

This study is specifically to evaluate the effect of work experience, independence, integrity, objectivity and competence toward the audit quality. This study was conducted by distributing questionnaires to KAP in Malang. By counting related association division of KAP, the number of sample in this study was 63 respondents who definitely worked in 7 KAP. This research is a quantitative study. The sample was chosen by using purposive sampling. The hypothesis test used multiple linear regressions in SPSS version 16. All variables in this study were measured using Likert Scale. The results shows that all independent variables have positive effect toward audit quality. The partial influence (T-test) showed that the variables of work experience, Independence, Integrity, Objectivity, Competence affect audit quality. In the other hands, the simultaneous effect is shown by the value of R2 from 75.2 %. It was shown by work experience, independence, integrity, objectivity, and competence which affecting audit quality changing of 75.2% and the rest, 24.8 % in audit quality changing, is affected by other variables which is not investigated in this study
DAMPAK SUB-SEKTOR UNGGULAN TERHADAP PEREKONOMIAN KOTA SAMARINDA: PENDEKATAN INPUT-OUTPUT
Authors: Mahakam Jerry Pahlevy , Michael Michael , Amalia Siti 
Published: October 2017

In this paper, the writer would like to investigate the sub-sectors of the economy categorized as superior, potential, and non-superior, determine the magnitude of multiplier income arising from these sub-sector on household income and job opportunities, and identify the sub-sector of the economy which can be placed as a superior in Samarinda. This study employed Input-Output approach which later discovered several factors which were considered as superior, namely food and beverage industry; Paper and printing industry; electricity; construction / building; land transportation; and other services, while the sub-sectors which were included in non-superior categories were rice, cassava, vegetables, fruits, other staple food crops, plantation crops, timber and forest products, fisheries, mining, timber industry, chemical industry, hotels, telecommunications, insurance, government, education services. In addition, the results of forward and backward linkages analysis and multiplier income calculating of household income and job opportunities found that those sub-sectors of food and beverage industry, building/ construction, other services, and land transportation were categorized into major sub-sectors.
Magnesium Intake, Quality of Carbohydrates, and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Results From Three U.S. Cohorts
Authors: Hruby Adela , Guasch-Ferré Marta , Bhupathiraju Shilpa N. , Manson JoAnn E. , Willett Walter C. , McKeown Nicola M. , Hu Frank B. 
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVE
Magnesium intake is inversely associated with risk of type 2 diabetes in many observational studies, but few have assessed this association in the context of the carbohydrate quality of the diet. We hypothesized that higher magnesium intake is associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes, especially in the context of a poor carbohydrate–quality diet characterized by low cereal fiber or high glycemic index (GI) or glycemic load (GL).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS; 1984–2012, n = 69,176), NHS2 (1991–2013, n = 91,471), and the Health Professionals’ Follow-Up Study (1986–2012, n = 42,096), dietary intake was assessed from food frequency questionnaires every 4 years. Type 2 diabetes was ascertained by biennial and supplementary questionnaires. We calculated multivariate hazard ratios (HRs) of magnesium intake and incident diabetes, adjusted for age, BMI, family history of diabetes, physical activity, smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, GL, energy intake, alcohol, cereal fiber, polyunsaturated fats, trans fatty acids, and processed meat, and we considered the joint associations of magnesium and carbohydrate quality on diabetes risk.

RESULTS
We documented 17,130 incident cases of type 2 diabetes over 28 years of follow-up. In pooled analyses across the three cohorts, those with the highest magnesium intake had 15% lower risk of type 2 diabetes compared with those with the lowest intake (pooled multivariate HR in quintile 5 vs. 1: 0.85 [95% CI 0.80–0.91], P &lt; 0.0001). Higher magnesium intake was more strongly associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes among participants with high GI or low cereal fiber than among those with low GI or high cereal fiber (both P interaction &lt;0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Higher magnesium intake is associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes, especially in the context of lower carbohydrate–quality diets.
A cirkon (U-Th)/He kormeghatározás módszertani alapjai és alkalmazása fiatal (<1 Ma) vulkánkitörések datálására
Authors: Molnár Kata , Dunkl István , Harangi Szabolcs , Lukács Réka 
Published: October 2017

A fiatal vulkánkitörések kormeghatározása sokszor igen nagy nehézségbe ütközik a konvencionálisan használt módszerek időbeli korlátai (pl.: radiokarbon – ~50 ezer év a felső korhatár; K-Ar – ~1 millió év a rutinmérések alsó korhatára), vagy a méréshez szükséges megfelelő ásványok (pl. leucit, szanidin), valamint szenesedett növénymaradványok hiányában. Az U-Th mérésekkel kiegészített cirkon (U-Th)/He geokronológia többek között erre a kritikus időintervallumra kínál megoldási lehetőséget. Alacsony záródási hőmérséklete (~150-180 °C) miatt képes a kitörés időpontjáról direkt információt adni, továbbá nagy előnye az is, hogy a cirkon egy igen széleskörűen elterjedt akcesszórikus ásvány a legtöbb vulkáni kitörési termékben. Mindezekből kifolyólag az elmúlt évtized alatt a nemzetközi kutatások során egyre elterjedtebbé vált a módszer alkalmazása a fiatal (<1 millió év) kitörések datálására is, azonban a hazai kutatásokban csak kis mértékben jelent meg ugyanez a tendencia. Jelen munka célja, hogy az (U-Th)/He geokronológia elméleti és gyakorlati alapjairól, valamint fiatal vulkánkitörések kormeghatározása esetében történő alkalmazhatóságáról nyújtson egy részletes, magyar nyelvű összefoglalást.
Az alkalmazhatóság vizsgálatára a Kárpát-Pannon térség legfiatalabb vulkánkitörésének (Csomád, Dél-Hargita) környezetében megtalálható, ahhoz kapcsolódó kitörési termékeket választottunk. Ezek a Nagy-Hegyes andezit lávadómja és a bükszádi piroklaszt-ár üledék, amelyekre 843 ± 27 ezer (Nagy-Hegyes felépülése) és 32,6 ± 1,0 ezer évet (bükszádi réteget létrehozó kitörés) kaptunk eredményül. A kiválasztott lelőhelyek mintáin keresztül jól szemléltethető, hogy miként történik az (U-Th)/He kormeghatározás, hogyan követik egymást az egyes lépések, amíg eljutunk a mért adattól a végleges koreredményig. Ezek a képződmények jó példát szolgáltatnak a módszer alkalmazhatóságának bemutatására fiatal (<1 millió év) vulkánkitörések kormeghatározására.
A One-Semester Course Planner for EE Students
Authors: Laghari Mohammad Shakeel , Al Habsi Shaima A. Ali , Maaz Nafisa A. , Ahmed Al Naqbi Mejd A. 
Published: October 2017

Student course planning at the Department of Electrical Engineering, UAE University is an important process to ensure a student to fulfill the degree requirements of the university in a structured way and without encountering unnecessary delays. Most universities in the world spend a substantial amount of money for bespoke advising and registration programs to suit their needs. The students have faced problems because of a need of a proper advising system as well as a lack of seeking proper advising. A Student Course Planning Software (SCPS) package is devised in this respect. The software is developed by using the Python computer programming language. The software system guide students in selecting the most appropriate six courses suitable to register in the next semester. The outcome of the course selection is stored in a file to help students with the university registration system.
Movilidad forzada por las dinámicas del narcotráfico: variables para el análisis del proceso de asilo de mexicanos por violencia en EE.UU.
Authors: Cruz Lera Estefanía 
Published: October 2017

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las condiciones de los refugiados mexicanos en ee.uu. a causa de la violencia del narcotráfico, subsistema inserto en el capitalismo global, basado en la demanda y el lucro, que concibe los costos sociales como efectos colaterales. Se explican las problemáticas normativas principalmente contenidas en el Estatuto sobre Refugiados y su Protocolo, documentos que no contemplan las demandas actuales y que merecen revisarse. Se analiza el incremento de solicitudes de refugio de mexicanos en ee.uu. y los obstáculos que éstos enfrentan en el proceso. Se argumenta, en fin, que no basta flexibilizar la legislación, porque el asilo y el refugio, que deberían ser situaciones casuísticas aisladas raramente acontecidas, no pueden masificarse, toda vez que los países de acogida no pueden gestionarlos.
En busca de la afirmación: seguridad y BRICS en la gobernanza internacional
Authors: De Almeida Medeiros Marcelo , Marzzini L. A. Ribeiro Mikelli , P. O. de Lyra Mariana 
Published: October 2017

El grupo de los brics (formado por Brasil, Rusia, India, China y África del Sur) ha caminado, desde su nacimiento, por un proceso que ha ido incrementando su agenda en las reuniones de Cúpula de los estados, situación que puede comprobarse por el número de temas tratados en las declaraciones, que aumentaron de 16 a 77 en 2009 y 2015 respectivamente. De ahí que este artículo se dé a la tarea de investigar la coyuntura de los asuntos relacionados con la seguridad en la agenda del grupo. Con base en las premisas de la Escuela Inglesa, se observa que el aumento de los asuntos sobre seguridad refleja una búsqueda por la afirmación y la percepción de que este grupo puede fungir como player fundamental en la gobernanza internacional. Para el análisis, se utilizó el método cualitativo de contenido asociado con el conteo de palabras-clave. Como herramienta auxiliar, se utilizó el software R, versión 3.1.0. Al final, se observa un aumento significativo en lo cuantitativo y lo cualitativo de los temas relacionados con la seguridad en las declaraciones de Cúpula, lo que sugiere que el brics se piensa capaz de administrar los asuntos más delicados de la gobernanza internacional.
Camaradas distantes: la relación entre China y la República Popular Democrática de Corea en la era del auge nuclear norcoreano.
Authors: Márdero Jiménez Gabriela Guadalupe 
Published: October 2017

China y Corea del Norte han sido aliados desde su fundación a finales de la década de los cuarenta. La afinidad ideológica, la vecindad y la historia compartida contribuyeron a crear entre ambos países vínculos de gran relevancia. Sin embargo, el desarrollo del programa nuclear norcoreano, así como el ascenso de China hasta una posición mundial de gran peso, han cambiado la dinámica de la relación. Este proceso debe observarse atentamente, pues históricamente la relación entre estas naciones ha trascendido el ámbito bilateral, al tener importantes implicaciones regionales y ocupar un lugar prioritario en la agenda internacional de seguridad.
PERJANJIAN PENGANGKUTAN BARANG PADA PT. KERTA GAYA PUSAKA (KGP) DAN AKIBAT HUKUMNYA JIKA TERJADI WANPRESTASI
Authors: ANWAR MOH 
Published: October 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahu proses pengikatan perjanjian pengangkutan barang, tanggung jawab hukum masing-masing pihak dalam pelaksanaan perjanjian pengangkutan barang serta hambatan dalam pelaksanaan perjanjian pengangkutan barang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yang bersifat deskriptif dan menggunakan metode pendekatan empiris. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan jenis data primer melalui penelitian lapangan, dan jenis data sekunder yang diperoleh dari studi pustaka dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa proses pengikatan perjanjian pengangkutan barang antara PT. Kerta Gaya Pusaka diawali dengan adanya penawaran dari pihak pengangkut. Perjanjian disahkan dengan adanya penandatanganan kontrak perjanjian pengangkutan antara kedua pihak. Pelaksanaan perjanjian kerjasama jasa pengangkutan barang berjalan relatif lancar meskipun terdapat beberapa permasalahan namun tidak mengancam pengakhiran perjanjian tersebut oleh pihak pertama. Para pihak mempunyai tanggung jawab masing-masing dalam perjanjian kerjasaman. PT. Kerta Gaya Pusaka selaku pihak pengangkut bertanggung jawab membayar ganti kerugian kepada Konsumen apabila terjada kesalahan atau kelalaian selama proses pengangkutan. Segala kemungkinan resiko yang mungkin akan terjadi karena human error selama proses pengangkutan dan proses bongkar muat barang oleh pihak pertama akan menjadi resiko dan tanggungan yang akan dibebankan oleh pihak kedua kepada pihak pertama. PT. Kerta Gaya Pusaka selaku pihak pengangkut berkewajiban melakukan pembayaran atas jasa pengangkutan secara tepat waktu sesuai dengan harga yang telah disepakati oleh kedua belah pihak. Kata Kunci : Perjanjian, Pengangkutan, Barang, KGP, Wanprestasi.
Estudo comparativo in vitro e avaliação da qualidade físico-química do antirretroviral aciclovir comprimidos obtidos via internet
Authors: Dos Santos Marina Carvalho , Carneiro Wilsione 
Published: October 2017

O aciclovir é um fármaco análogo do nucleosídeoda guanosina que inibe a replicação viral através da interrupção da cadeia de DNA com alta especificidade para os vírus doherpes. É necessário que consumidores de medicamentos antirretrovirais obtenham produtos confiáveis do mercado farmacêutico, e para isso, os ensaios analíticos contribuem para comprovar a sua qualidade durante o seu prazo de validade. Este trabalho tem por objetivo realizar um estudo comparativo in vitroe avaliar a qualidade de comprimidos de aciclovir 200 mg disponíveis no mercado virtual. Os métodos utilizados para realizar os testes de controle de qualidade físico-químicade aspecto, doseamento, dissolução, desintegração, dureza, friabilidade, peso médio, umidade e uniformidade, seguiram as recomendações das literaturas. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que as especialidades farmacêuticas cumpriram com seus parâmetros de qualidade, porém, apresentaram resultados de friabilidade, uniformidade e de teor de umidade próximos aos limites máximos preconizados pela Farmacopeia Brasileira, 5ª Ed. Diante disso, a avaliação da qualidade durante o prazo de validade dos produtos obtidos pela internet tem implicações na segurança e eficácia dos medicamentos, e isso deve ser considerado pelos profissionais de saúde para salvaguardar a terapêutica dos pacientes.
Thermodynamics of DNA with “hump” Morse potential
Authors: Gutiérrez Hernán Cortez , Filho Elso Drigo , Ruggiero José Roberto , Gutierrez Milton Cortez , Rivera Liv Cortez Fuentes 
Published: October 2017

The thermal denaturation of DNA, i.e. the separation of the two strands is a phenomenon caused by the amplitude of the vibrations of the bases, therefore it is necessary to know how such separation is generated in order to implement alternative model of the melting behavior as a function of nucleotide sequence and therapies to combat the cancer. We propose to use the extended nonlinear Peyrard-Bishop(PB) model of DNA to include an anharmonic potential representing the aromatic stacking interaction between n- and (n-1)-th consecutive base pairs to treat the problem. We use Finite-difference methods for determine the mean value of the displacement for the “hump Morse” potential of the Peyrard-Bishop model of DNA. We show how the extended “pseudo-Schrödinger” combined with finite difference method can be used to obtain the mean value displacements for the thermal denaturation of DNA with “hump” Morse potential.
Exploring the Efficacy and Limitations of Shock-cooling Models: New Analysis of Type II Supernovae Observed by the Kepler Mission
Authors: Rubin Adam , Gal-Yam Avishay 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Modern transient surveys have begun discovering and following supernovae (SNe) shortly after first light—providing systematic measurements of the rise of Type II SNe. We explore how analytic models of early shock-cooling emission from core-collapse SNe can constrain the progenitor’s radius, explosion velocity, and local host extinction. We simulate synthetic photometry in several realistic observing scenarios; assuming the models describe the typical explosions well, we find that ultraviolet observations can constrain the progenitor’s radius to a statistical uncertainty of ±10%–15%, with a systematic uncertainty of ±20%. With these observations the local host extinction (A

V
) can be constrained to a factor of two and the shock velocity to ±5% with a systematic uncertainty of ±10%. We also reanalyze the SN light curves presented by Garnavich et al. (2016) and find that KSN 2011a can be fit by a blue supergiant model with a progenitor radius of

, while KSN 2011d can be fit with a red supergiant model with a progenitor radius of

. Our results do not agree with those of Garnavich et al. Moreover, we re-evaluate their claims and find that there is no statistically significant evidence for a shock-breakout flare in the light curve of KSN 2011d.
Forming Different Planetary Architectures. I. The Formation Efficiency of Hot Jupiters from High-eccentricity Mechanisms
Authors: Wang Ying , Zhou Ji-lin , hui-gen Liu , Meng Zeyang 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Exoplanets discovered over the past decades have provided a new sample of giant exoplanets: hot Jupiters. For lack of enough materials in the current locations of hot Jupiters, they are perceived to form outside the snowline. Then, they migrate to the locations observed through interactions with gas disks or high-eccentricity mechanisms. We examined the efficiencies of different high-eccentricity mechanisms for forming hot Jupiters in near-coplanar multi-planet systems. These mechanisms include planet–planet scattering, the Kozai–Lidov mechanism, coplanar high-eccentricity migration, and secular chaos, as well as other two new mechanisms that we present in this work, which can produce hot Jupiters with high inclinations even in retrograde. We find that the Kozai–Lidov mechanism plays the most important role in producing hot Jupiters among these mechanisms. Secular chaos is not the usual channel for the formation of hot Jupiters due to the lack of an angular momentum deficit within

(periods of the inner orbit). According to comparisons between the observations and simulations, we speculate that there are at least two populations of hot Jupiters. One population migrates into the boundary of tidal effects due to interactions with the gas disk, such as ups And b, WASP-47 b, and HIP 14810 b. These systems usually have at least two planets with lower eccentricities, and remain dynamically stable in compact orbital configurations. Another population forms through high-eccentricity mechanisms after the excitation of eccentricity due to dynamical instability. These kinds of hot Jupiters usually have Jupiter-like companions in distant orbits with moderate or high eccentricities.
Toward Space-like Photometric Precision from the Ground with Beam-shaping Diffusers
Authors: Stefansson Gudmundur , Mahadevan Suvrath , Hebb Leslie , Wisniewski John , Huehnerhoff Joseph , Morris Brett , Halverson Sam , Zhao Ming , Wright Jason , O’rourke Joseph , Knutson Heather , Hawley Suzanne , Kanodia Shubham , Li Yiting , Hagen Lea M. Z. , Liu Leo J. , Beatty Thomas , Bender Chad , Robertson Paul , Dembicky Jack , Gray Candace , Ketzeback William , McMillan Russet , Rudyk Theodore 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
We demonstrate a path to hitherto unachievable differential photometric precisions from the ground, both in the optical and near-infrared (NIR), using custom-fabricated beam-shaping diffusers produced using specialized nanofabrication techniques. Such diffusers mold the focal plane image of a star into a broad and stable top-hat shape, minimizing photometric errors due to non-uniform pixel response, atmospheric seeing effects, imperfect guiding, and telescope-induced variable aberrations seen in defocusing. This PSF reshaping significantly increases the achievable dynamic range of our observations, increasing our observing efficiency and thus better averages over scintillation. Diffusers work in both collimated and converging beams. We present diffuser-assisted optical observations demonstrating

ppm precision in 30 minute bins on a nearby bright star 16 Cygni A (V = 5.95) using the ARC 3.5 m telescope—within a factor of ∼2 of Kepler's photometric precision on the same star. We also show a transit of WASP-85-Ab (V = 11.2) and TRES-3b (V = 12.4), where the residuals bin down to

ppm in 30 minute bins for WASP-85-Ab—a factor of ∼4 of the precision achieved by the K2 mission on this target—and to 101 ppm for TRES-3b. In the NIR, where diffusers may provide even more significant improvements over the current state of the art, our preliminary tests demonstrated

ppm precision for a K

S
= 10.8 star on the 200 inch Hale Telescope. These photometric precisions match or surpass the expected photometric precisions of TESS for the same magnitude range. This technology is inexpensive, scalable, easily adaptable, and can have an important and immediate impact on the observations of transits and secondary eclipses of exoplanets.