bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: FIXATION OF CYANURIC AND THIOCYANURIC ACIDS TO ACTIVE ETHYLENIC COMPOUNDS
Authors: ETIENNE A. , LONCHAMBON G. , GIRAUDEAU P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAddition von Cyanursäure (I) bzw. von Thiocyanursäure (IV) an die elektrophilen Ethylenverbindungen (II) in Ethanol in Gegenwart von Et3N bei 20°C führt zu den trisubstituierten Trioxoperhydrotriazinen (III) bzw. zu den Tris‐a1ky1mercaptotriazinen (V).
ChemInform Abstract: FLUORENYLSILANES. I. PREPARATION AND STRUCTURAL STUDIES OF FLUORENYLSILANES WITH FUNCTIONAL GROUPS AT SILICON
Authors: RENGSTL A. , SCHUBERT U. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie F1uorenylsilane(III) werden durch die Umsetzung von aus Fluoren und Li in THF gebildetem Fluorenyl‐Li (I) in situ mit den Halogensilanen (II) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: HETEROORGANIC SUBSTANCES. LII. AMIDOTHIOPHOSPHONIC ACIDS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES
Authors: ALMASI L. , FENESAN I. , BIRO V. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Amidothiophosphonsäuren (III) werden durch basische Hydrolyse ihrer Chloride (I) über ihre K‐Salze (II) hergestellt und elementaranalytisch, IR‐ sowie NMR‐spektroskopisch, aber auch durch chemische Methoden charakterisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANOMERCURY(I) AND ‐(II) KETENIDE DERIVATIVES
Authors: BLUES E. T. , BRYCE‐SMITH D. , KARIMPOUR H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Quecksilber(II)‐Salze (I) reagieren mit Acetanhydrid oder Keten zu den Keteniden (III), die bei weiterer Umsetzung mit Keten unter Bildung von Quecksilber zersetzt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF FERROCENYLMETHANOL ETHERS
Authors: MIRONOV V. A. , RESHETOVA M. D. , VORONA N. I. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDimethylamino‐methyl‐ferrocen (I) wird mit p‐Toluolsulfochlorid (II) in einer Lösung verschiedener Alkohole in das Salz (III) übergeführt und dieses mit verd. Natronlauge in die Ether (IV) der entsprechenden Alkohole zerlegt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURAL STUDIES OF COBALT(II) AND NICKEL(II) COMPLEXES OF GLUTARIC AND ADIPIC DIHYDRAZIDES
Authors: AGGARWAL R. C. , SINGH B. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDurch Mischen heißer ethanolischer Lösungen der Metallchloride oder ‐nitrate mit den Liganden im molaren Verhältnis l:l und/oder 1:2 wurden die Komplexe (I)‐(III) dargestellt (keine Ausb.‐Angaben).
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESES OF HUMAN BIG GASTRIN I AND ITS 32‐LUECINE ANALOG. 2. PREPARATION OF FRAGMENTS 9‐14 AND 1‐8
Authors: WENDLBERGER G. , MORODER L. , THAMM P. , WILSCHOWITZ L. , WUENSCH E. + 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Darstellung der Fragmente (V) bzw. (X) erfolgt ausgehend von den Komponenten (I) und (II) über die Stufen (IIIa) und (IIIb) bzw. ausgehend von den Komponenten (VIb) (aus (V Ia)) und (VII) über die Stufen (VIIIa) und (VIIIb).
ChemInform Abstract: ERLENMEYER‐PLOECHL REACTION IN CARBOHYDRATE CHEMISTRY
Authors: ZHDANOV YU. A. , KIR'YANOV A. V. , KORD'CHENKO G. A. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract2,3:4,5‐Di‐O‐isopropyliden‐al‐L‐arabinose (I) setzt man mit dem 2‐Phenyl‐1,3‐oxazol‐5‐on (II) um.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF THE OLIGONUCLEOTIDES DPG‐A‐T‐A‐T‐C, DPG‐A‐T‐C‐T‐T‐T‐T AND DPT‐T‐T‐C‐A‐T‐C‐A‐T
Authors: WEISS R. , BIRCH‐HIRSCHFELD E. , REINERT H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Synthese der Titelverbindungen wird ausgehend von entsprechenden Nucleosid‐ und Nucleotid‐Bausteinen durch schrittweisen Aufbau (die Ausb. der einzelnen Schritte liegen bei 20‐45%) nach der Phosphordiester‐Methode (Cyanethyl‐Schutzgruppe) durchgeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: A SYNTHESIS OF NEAMINE
Authors: HARAYAMA A. , TSUCHIYA T. , UMEZAWA S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractKondensation des α‐D‐Glucopyranosylbromides (I) mit dem Streptamin‐Derivat (i)‐(II) und Behandlung des gebildeten Produktes erst mit H2SO4 und dann mit Chlorameisensäureethylester gibt die isomeren Glucoside (IIIa) und (IVa) [Glucosidierung von (I) mit (i)‐(II)‐Analogen, deren N‐Schutzgruppe Benzyloxycarbonyl oder Allyloxycarbonyl ist, verläuft nicht so günstig wie mit (i)‐(II) deren Gemisch mit NaN3 zu den isomeren Aziden (IIIb) und (IVb) reagiert.
Operating optimality assessment and nonoptimal cause identification for multimode industrial process with transitions
Authors: Liu Yan , Wang Fuli , Chang Yuqing 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDue to inappropriate operating or other uncertainties, process operating performance may deteriorate from the optimal state, which leads to a disappointing comprehensive economic index. However, sufficient attention has not yet been paid and few studies have been reported in this area so far. In this study, a novel operating optimality assessment and nonoptimal cause identification method is proposed for multimode processes with transitions. In the offline part, the operating optimality assessment models are formulated for both stable and transitional modes because of their different process characteristics. In the online part, the online mode identification strategy is used based on Bayesian inference, and then the process operating performance is evaluated by the proposed operating optimality assessment method. When the process operating performance is evaluated as nonoptimal, the cause variables can be determined based on the variable contribution rates. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified though the Tennessee Eastman (TE) process.
Comparative effectiveness of stereotactic radiosurgery versus whole‐brain radiation therapy for patients with brain metastases from breast or non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Halasz Lia M. , Uno Hajime , Hughes Melissa , D'Amico Thomas , Dexter Elisabeth U. , Edge Stephen B. , Hayman James A. , Niland Joyce C. , Otterson Gregory A. , Pisters Katherine M. W. , Theriault Richard , Weeks Jane C. , Punglia Rinaa S. 
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUNDThe optimal treatment for patients with brain metastases remains controversial as the use of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) alone, replacing whole‐brain radiation therapy (WBRT), has increased. This study determined the patterns of care at multiple institutions before 2010 and examined whether or not survival was different between patients treated with SRS and patients treated with WBRT.METHODSThis study examined the overall survival of patients treated with radiation therapy for brain metastases from non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC; initially diagnosed in 2007‐2009) or breast cancer (initially diagnosed in 1997‐2009) at 5 centers. Propensity score analyses were performed to adjust for confounding factors such as the number of metastases, the extent of extracranial metastases, and the treatment center.RESULTSOverall, 27.8% of 400 NSCLC patients and 13.4% of 387 breast cancer patients underwent SRS alone for the treatment of brain metastases. Few patients with more than 3 brain metastases or lesions ≥ 4 cm in size underwent SRS. Patients with fewer than 4 brain metastases less than 4 cm in size (n = 189 for NSCLC and n = 117 for breast cancer) who were treated with SRS had longer survival (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] for NSCLC, 0.58; 95% confidence Interval [CI], 0.38‐0.87;P= .01; adjusted HR for breast cancer, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.33‐0.91;P= .02) than those treated with WBRT.CONCLUSIONSPatients treated for fewer than 4 brain metastases from NSCLC or breast cancer with SRS alone had longer survival than those treated with WBRT in this multi‐institutional, retrospective study, even after adjustments for the propensity to undergo SRS.Cancer2016;122:2091–100. ©2016 American Cancer Society.
Layering Intermediate and Disciplinary Literacy Work: Lessons Learned From a Secondary Social Studies Teacher Team
Authors: Dobbs Christina L. , Ippolito Jacy , Charner‐Laird Megin 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSecondary teachers nationwide are encouraged by the Common Core State Standards and recent research to enact disciplinary literacy instruction. However, little is known about how teachers make sense of teaching disciplinary literacy skills to adolescents. To what extent might adolescents still need the kinds of foundational support provided by what Shanahan and Shanahan called intermediate strategy instruction, or instruction in general reading comprehension strategies? In this article, the authors describe findings from a disciplinary literacy project in which a group of high school social studies teachers (and the authors) discovered that a complex layering of intermediate and disciplinary literacy work was required to meet students’ needs. Implications for teams of teachers wishing to explore this tension and keep their focus on helping students access and communicate content material are shared.
Literacy Education and Disability Studies: Reenvisioning Struggling Students
Authors: Collins Kathleen , Ferri Beth 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn this commentary, the authors present disability studies in education (DSE) as an alternative way to reframe, understand, and teach students who are positioned as struggling in literacy classrooms. As the authors detail, a DSE perspective changes the relationship between teachers and students to a more reciprocal one, and in doing so, it relocates the source of and responsibility for literacy struggles. The authors begin with a discussion of DSE, followed by a reconsideration of how to support students in developing their academic literacies. The commentary concludes with a discussion of why, in an era marked by increasing educational standardization and homogenization, a move to teaching that is informed by a DSE perspective is increasingly a matter of great urgency.
Photomodulation of the osteoclastogenic potential of oral squamous carcinoma cells
Authors: Dias Schalch Tatiana , Porta Santos Fernandes Kristianne , Costa‐Rodrigues João , Pereira Garcia Mônica , Agnelli Mesquita‐Ferrari Raquel , Kalil Bussadori Sandra , Fernandes Maria Helena 
Published: April 2016

The treatment for oral cancer usually involves surgical excision followed by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. The combination of these therapies generally promotes a serious inflammation of the mucosa of the digestive tract, denominated mucositis, which compromises continuity of treatment. Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy has been used successfully to reduce the oral mucositis, however there is still some controversy regarding the effects of this therapy on unintentionally irradiated tumor cells that may remain after cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of PBM therapy (using parameters for mucositis) on the modulation of osteoclastogenic potential of a cell line derived from human lingual squamous cell carcinoma (SCC9). Previously irradiated SCC9 cells were co‐cultured with human osteoclast precursors. Co‐cultures performed with non‐irradiated SCC9 cells served as control. After 7, 14 and 21 days the co‐cultures were evaluated for the tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity, an osteoclastogenic marker. Additionally, the monocultures of SCC9 cells (non‐irradiated and irradiated) were analyzed for cell viability/proliferation and for the expression of IL‐11 and PTHrP. The irradiation of SCC9 cells with PBM with an energy density of 4 J/cm2 decreased the pro‐osteoclastogenic potential of those cells. This may represent a potential useful side effect of PBM therapy.
PBM (using recommended parameters for mucositis treatment) decreases the osteoclastogenic potential of oral squamous carcinoma cells.magnified imagePBM (using recommended parameters for mucositis treatment) decreases the osteoclastogenic potential of oral squamous carcinoma cells.
Investigating fibroblast cells under “safe” and “injurious” blue‐light exposure by holographic microscopy
Authors: Calabuig Alejandro , Mugnano Martina , Miccio Lisa , Grilli Simonetta , Ferraro Pietro 
Published: April 2016

The exposure to visible light has been shown to exert various biological effects, such as erythema and retinal degeneration. However, the phototoxicity mechanisms in living cells are still not well understood. Here we report a study on the temporal evolution of cell morphology and volume during blue light exposure. Blue laser irradiation is switched during the operation of a digital holography (DH) microscope between what we call here “safe” and “injurious” exposure (SE & IE). The results reveal a behaviour that is typical of necrotic cells, with early swelling and successive leakage of the intracellular liquids when the laser is set in the “injurious” operation. In the phototoxicity investigation reported here the light dose modulation is performed through the very same laser light source adopted for monitoring the cell's behaviour by digital holographic microscope. We believe the approach may open the route to a deep investigation of light‐cell interactions, with information about death pathways and threshold conditions between healthy and damaged cells when subjected to light‐exposure.
3D Morphology and quantitative phase information from late stage of necrosis cell death.magnified image3D Morphology and quantitative phase information from late stage of necrosis cell death.
A novel method to in vitro evaluate biocompatibility of nanoscaled scaffolds
Authors: Li Xiaoming , Wang Zheng , Zhao Tianxiao , Yu Bo , Fan Yubo , Feng Qingling , Cui Fu‐zhai , Watari Fumio 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis study provided a new method to in vitro evaluate the biocompatibility of nanoscaled scaffolds for tissue engineering with neutrophils other than ordinary cell culture. The neutrophils were separated from human peripheral blood of healthy subjects. In vitro degradation product of nanohydroxyapatite/collagen (nHAC), nanohydroxyapatite/collagen/poly (L‐lactic acid) (nHACP), and nHACP reinforced by chitin fibers (nHACP/CF) in the D‐Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (D‐HBSS) was used as the testing solution, which was thereafter mixed with the neutrophils. It was shown that the cell survival rate in the testing solutions had no significant difference from that in the D‐HBSS (control). However, from both gene and protein expression levels, the lactate dehydrogenase and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha of the neutrophils in the nHACP/CF testing solution were found lowest during the whole testing period; the main reasons of which might be that the calcium release rate of the scaffold was slowest and that the pH value of its degradation solution was nearest to that of human body. Moreover, in vivo experiments showed that most inflammation reactions happened for nHAC and poly (L‐lactic acid) groups, while the least inflammation reactions happened for nHACP/CF group in the subcutaneous dorsum of mice at 2 weeks after the surgery, which confirmed the in vitro findings. These results indicated that the pH value and the certain metal iron concentration of the nanoscaled scaffold degradation solution should be two important factors that significantly affect its biocompatibility. This study provides a simple and effective biocompatibility test method for biodegradable nanoscaled tissue engineering scaffolds. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2117–2125, 2016.
In vivo cartilage regeneration induced by a double‐network hydrogel: Evaluation of a novel therapeutic strategy for femoral articular cartilage defects in a sheep model
Authors: Kitamura Nobuto , Yokota Masashi , Kurokawa Takayuki , Gong Jian Ping , Yasuda Kazunori 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to establish the efficacy of a therapeutic strategy for an articular cartilage defect using a poly‐(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid)/poly‐(N,N'‐dimethyl acrylamide) DN gel in a sheep model. Seventeen mature sheep were used in this study. We created a 6.0‐mm osteochondral defect in the femoral trochlea of the patellofemoral (PF) joint and the medial condyle of the tibiofemoral (TF) joint. A cylindrical DN gel plug was implanted into the defect of the right knee so that a vacant space of the planned depths of 2.0 mm in group I, 3.0 mm in group II, and 4.0 mm in group III were left. In the left knee, we created a defect with the same depth as the right knee. The regenerated tissues were evaluated with the O'Driscoll score and real‐time PCR analysis of the cartilage marker genes at 12 weeks. The DN gel implanted defect of group II in the PF and TF joints was completely filled with a sufficient volume of the proteoglycan‐rich tissue stained with Safranin‐O. The score showed that group II was significantly greater than groups I and III when treated with DN gel in the PF joint (p = 0.0441, p = 0.0174, respectively) and in the TF joint (p = 0.0019, p = 0.0006, respectively). This study has clarified the short‐term efficacy of the cartilage regeneration strategy using the DN gel in a sheep model. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2159–2165, 2016.
Tongue and taste organ development in the ontogeny of direct‐developing salamander Plethodon cinereus (Lissamphibia: Plethodontidae)
Authors: Budzik Karolina A. , Żuwała Krystyna , Kerney Ryan 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThe latest research on direct developing caecilian and anuran species indicate presence of only one generation of taste organs during their ontogeny. This is distinct from indirect developing batrachians studied thus far, which possess taste buds in larvae and anatomically distinct taste discs in metamorphs. This study is a description of the tongue and taste organ morphology and development in direct developing salamander Plethodon cinereus (Plethodontidae) using histology and electron microscopy techniques. The results reveal two distinct stages tongue morphology (primary and secondary), similar to metamorphic urodeles, although only one stage of taste organ morphology. Taste disc sensory zones emerge on the surface of the oropharyngeal epithelium by the end of embryonic development, which coincides with maturation of the soft tongue. Taste organs occur in the epithelium of the tongue pad (where they are situated on the dermal papillae), the palate and the inner surface of the mandible and the maxilla. Plethodon cinereus embryos only possess taste disc type taste organs. Similar to the direct developing anuran Eleutherodactylus coqui (Eleutherodactylidae), these salamanders do not recapitulate larval taste bud morphology as an embryo. The lack of taste bud formation is probably a broadly distributed feature characteristic to direct developing batrachians. J. Morphol. 277:906–915, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evidence and Causes of Spatiotemporal Changes in Runoff and Sediment Yield on the Chinese Loess Plateau
Authors: Zhao Guangju , Mu Xingmin , Jiao Juying , An Zhengfeng , Klik Andreas , Wang Fei , Jiao Feng , Yue Xiaoli , Gao Peng , Sun Wenyi 
Published: April 2016

AbstractClimate change and human activities are strongly influencing the eco‐hydrological processes of the Chinese Loess Plateau. It is challenging to investigate the spatiotemporal changes of water and sediment yields and identify their potential causes. In this study, we used the annual runoff index (WI) and specific sediment yield (SSY) derived from 58 hydrological stations to quantify the changes and attempted to explain their potential causes. The WI exhibited significant (P < 0.05) decrease ranging from −0.1 to −2.6 mm yr−1 during 1957–2012 in 44 sub‐catchments. Similarly, the SSY in 52 sub‐catchments reduced in a range between −2.86 and −636 Mg km−2 yr−1. The region of Toudaoguai–Longmen has extremely high SSY ranging from 8000 to 41 000 Mg km−2 yr−1 during 1957–1969. Budget analysis suggested that the area of Lanzhou–Toudaoguai contributed limited sediment but extracted large amount of water. The areas with negative SSY were increasing and mainly distributed along the mainstream of the Yellow River. The Loess plateau was becoming drier and warmer since the 1950s, whereas the intensive human activities including water withdrawal, soil and water conservation projects and the operation of dams and reservoirs are the dominant factors for the decline in WI and SSY on the Loess Plateau. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of laser‐based spectrometers for greenhouse gas flux measurements in coastal marshes
Authors: Brannon Elizabeth Q. , Moseman‐Valtierra Serena M. , Rella Chris W. , Martin Rose M. , Chen Xuechu , Tang Jianwu 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPrecise and rapid analyses of greenhouse gases (GHGs) will advance understanding of the net climatic forcing of coastal marsh ecosystems. We examined the ability of a cavity ring down spectroscopy (CRDS) analyzer (Model G2508, Picarro) to measure carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes in real‐time from coastal marshes through comparisons with a Shimadzu GC‐2014 (GC) in a marsh mesocosm experiment and with a similar laser‐based N2O analyzer (Model N2O/CO, Los Gatos Research) in both mesocosm and field experiments. Minimum (analytical) detectable fluxes for all gases were more than one order of magnitude lower for the Picarro than the GC. In mesocosms, the Picarro analyzer detected several CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes that the GC could not, but larger N2O fluxes (218–409 μmol m−2 h−1) were similar between analyzers. Minimum detectable fluxes for the Picarro were 1 order of magnitude higher than the Los Gatos analyzer for N2O. The Picarro and Los Gatos N2O fluxes (3–132 μmol m−2 h−1) differed in two mesocosm nitrogen addition experiments, but were similar in a mesocosm with larger N2O fluxes (326–491 μmol m−2 h−1). In a field comparison, Picarro and Los Gatos N2O fluxes (13 ± 2 μmol m−2 h−1) differed in plots receiving low nitrogen loads but were similar in plots with higher nitrogen loads and fluxes roughly double in magnitude. Both the Picarro and Los Gatos analyzers offer efficient and precise alternatives to GC‐based methods, but the former uniquely enables simultaneous measurements of three major GHGs in coastal marshes.
Ambivalence, Selective Exposure, and Negativity Effect
Authors: Yang Lifeng , Unnava H. Rao 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTPast research has extensively documented negativity bias effect, in which individuals show greater consideration of negative information than positive information in attitude formation. In this research, negativity bias was re‐examined in the context of online consumer reviews processed by individuals with ambivalent attitudes. Across two studies, it was found that high‐ambivalence individuals exhibited greater negativity bias only if the negative information served to reduce their ambivalence. Low‐ambivalence individuals, on the other hand, showed greater preference for negative information only if it served to give them a more balanced view of the attitude object. Across all individuals, a general preference for negative information, in line with the negativity bias effect, was also observed.
A selective mass scaling method for shear wave propagation analyses in nearly incompressible materials
Authors: Ye W. , Bel‐Brunon A. , Catheline S. , Rochette M. , Combescure A. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThis paper describes a selective mass scaling method which is designed for the analysis of wave propagation problems in nearly incompressible materials. The incompressibility of materials leads to a high value of the compressional wave speed, which makes the time step extremely small in explicit time integration method. The proposed selective mass scaling method selects the eigenfrequencies related to volumetric deformation modes to decrease them, while it keeps the shear eigenmodes unchanged. This makes the time step no longer limited by the compressional wave speed but by the shear wave speed. A significant reduction of CPU time is obtained with a good accuracy for transient problems in small strains on free or largely prestressed media. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.