bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and crystal structures of three novel benzimidazole/benzoindolizine hybrids
Authors: Belguedj Roumaissa , Bouacida Sofiane , Merazig Hocine , Belfaitah Ali , Chibani Aissa , Bouraiou Abdelmalek 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Three benzoindolizine derivatives, 1, 2, and 3, were obtained via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. The reaction of 1-(2′-benzimidazolylmethyl)isoquinolinium ylides with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate gave a mixture of pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline-1,2-dicarboxylate (1) and 1,10b-dihydropyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline-1,2-dicarboxylate (2) derivatives containing a benzimidazole moiety. The reaction of this isoquinolinium N-ylide with dimethyl maleate gave an unexpected 2,3-dihydropyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline-1,2-dicarboxylate (3). The structures of all reported compounds have been examined by X-ray crystallography, mass spectrometry, and NMR spectroscopy.
Cerium intermetallics CeTX– review III
Authors: Pöttgen Rainer , Janka Oliver , Chevalier Bernard 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe structure–property relationships of CeTXintermetallics with structures other than the ZrNiAl and TiNiSi type are systematically reviewed. These CeTXphases form with electron-poor and electron-rich transition metals (T) andX= Mg, Zn, Cd, Hg, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, P, As, Sb, and Bi. The review focusses on the crystal chemistry, the chemical bonding peculiarities, and the magnetic and transport properties. Furthermore119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopic data, high-pressure studies, hydrogenation reactions and the formation of solid solutions are reviewed. This paper is the third of a series of four reviews on equiatomic intermetallic cerium compounds [Part I: R. Pöttgen, B. Chevalier,Z. Naturforsch.2015,70b, 289; Part II: R. Pöttgen, B. Chevalier,Z. Naturforsch.2015,70b, 695].
Toxicity of <i> Millettia ferruginea <i/> (Hochst) Baker against the Larvae and Adult Ticks of <i> Boophilus decoloratus <i/> a One-Host Tick in Cattle
Authors: Choudhury Manash Kumar , Shiferaw Yoseph 
Published: February 2016

<p>The present article reports the <em>in vitro </em>toxicity of the seed of <em>Millettia ferruginea</em> (Berbera) for the first time against the larvae and mature ticks of <em>Boophilus decoloratus.</em> The 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% concentrations of the seed oil were found to kill all (100% mortality) larvae after 16hr, 12hr, 8hr, 6hr and 2hr respectively. The 100% concentration of the petroleum extract (oil) of the seed caused 100% mortality of adult male, adult female and fully engorged female tick after 5hr, 7hr and 12hr respectively. The root and root bark showed less toxicity while leaves did not show any activity. Among petroleum ether, acetone and methanol, the acetone extract showed highest acaricidal activity. <em></em></p>
Detection of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women by Singh's Index
Authors: Natu Neeta 
Published: February 2016

To determine the diagnostic value of risk factor analysis (age, duration of menopause, body mass index and physical activities) and radiological imaging (Singh index and cortical index of the femoral neck) in diagnosing osteoporosis in post-menopausal women, this study was cross sectional on 200 menopausal women without secondary risk factor for osteoporosis. They were classified proportionally using the Singh index. The Singh index and cortical index of the femoral neck were evaluated using femoral neck anterio-posterior X-ray. Physical activities were measured using a Historical leisure activity questionnaire. 14% women were found osteoporotic whereas osteopenia was observed in 62.5% women. The score system algorithm was the best method for determining osteoporosis in post-menopausal women. If there is osteopenia, evaluation using DEXA is then required. However score system algorithm cannot be used to follow up the therapy.
Keywords: Postmenopausal; Singh's index; Osteoporosis
Relocating Millions: The Chinese Answer To Development
Authors: Coll-Reilly Joan 
Published: February 2016

A typical scenario in China today is to move millions of citizens at the will of the government. Reasons for the movement of people range from technological advancement, to revamping cities, to aiding developers in utilizing prime real estate for the advantage of the state. Advancement of the country as a whole is a touted as a desirable objective. Individual wishes are not considered. Westerners question the motives of the government and the ethical implications of moving millions merely to serve the government’s goals.
The Social Responsibility Of Labor
Authors: Carroll Norman , Burke Molly 
Published: February 2016

In the ongoing discussion about corporate social responsibility, little attention has been paid to the social responsibility of the other factor of production - labor. The modern perspective is that major economic players have an external impact on society that generates social costs that are paid by the community. The emerging view is that, for the sustainability of the community, these players must contribute in a positive way by covering these social costs and participating in the life of the community. This paper examines the extent to which unionized labor, as a major economic player, is assuming positions of social responsibility in the national and local communities. It suggests that by developing a boarder social vision, the American labor movement could revitalize itself.
Influence Of Emotional Intelligence On Work-Family Role Conflict Management And Reduction In Withdrawal Intentions Of Workers In Private Organizations
Authors: Akintayo D.I. 
Published: February 2016

This study investigated the impact of emotional intelligence on work-family role conflict management and reduction in withdrawal intentions among workers in private organizations in Nigeria. The descriptive survey was adopted for the study. A total of 321 respondents were selected using a purposive stratified sampling technique. Three sets of questionnaires entitled ‘Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS), Work-Family Role Conflict Management Scale (WFCMS) and Withdrawal Intentions Scales` (WIS) were utilized for data collection. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation and t-test statistics were utilized for data analysis. The findings of this study revealed that emotional intelligence has significant influence on work-family role conflict management. It was also found that a significant relationship does not exist between emotional intelligence and reduction in withdrawal intentions. Moreover, the findings showed that a significant relationship exists between work-family role conflict management and withdrawal intentions. In order to possibly guarantee effective management of work-family role conflict and foster reduction in withdrawal intentions among the workforce, it is recommended that human resource training programmes that are capable of incorporating some work-oriented psychological issues, such as work-family role conflict management, employee retention strategies and emotional intelligence, should be organized for workers and managers on a continuous basis in both service and manufacturing organizations.
The Effect Of Place Of Origin On The Relative Earnings Of Immigrant Women
Authors: Garg Mahi , Seeborg Michael C. 
Published: February 2016

This paper explores the earnings differentials between female immigrants from 14 places of origin when compared to each other and a number of other groups. The very large differences in average earnings between female immigrant groups are found to be largely due to human capital and family characteristic differences. The study employs OLS regression to make earnings comparisons between immigrant women from each of the 14 places of origin to three reference groups. We find that although female immigrants from most countries are doing well relative to female natives, they fall significantly behind native males and male immigrants, even after controlling for differences in human capital. Thus, some groups of immigrant women suffer a double disadvantage in the U.S. workforce, one due to gender and the other due to their relatively low levels of human capital.
The China-India Challenge: A Comparison Of Causes And Effects Of Global Warming
Authors: Diener Betty J. , Frank William P. 
Published: February 2016

It is likely that the future environment of our globe depends on the actions taken by China and India as they develop into two of the three largest economies in the world over the next twenty-five years. The global warming problem alone will be dominated by the total greenhouse gas emissions from these two countries. This article summarizes the economic growth of these two countries, the resulting increasing environmental problems, the trends and impacts of increased energy consumption, the trends and impacts of greenhouse gas emissions, and the potential for reducing these impacts, should the two countries have the will to do so.
Globalization Of Entrepreneurship: Policy Considerations For SME Development In Indonesia
Authors: Bhasin Balbir B. , Venkataramany Sivakumar 
Published: February 2016

SMEs are of overwhelming importance to the young and growing economies of most Southeast Asian nations, including Indonesia. The country is a vast polyglot archipelago, struggling with poverty and unemployment, poor and inadequate infrastructure, rampant corruption, insufficient capital, and unequal distribution of resources. It has recently experienced fundamental changes in political governance, regional empowerment, and economic structures as a result of the Asian Financial Crisis, coupled with widespread social unrest which resulted in the ouster of the authoritarian regime of President Suharto. This paper evaluates the existing private sector development policy in Indonesia, which has been found to be both ambivalent and inconsistent. The Guided Democracy and Guided Economy policies of the post-independence era were socialist in nature. The subsequent New Order regime provided preferred treatment to selected segments of society. In order to succeed in promoting SME development to advance the welfare of the economically weak groups, the newly launched programs need to be fine-tuned to allow for the establishment of a favorable and non-discriminative investment climate. There is much that Indonesia can learn from the experience of India and Singapore in implementing meaningful policy that can effectively promote SME development, especially in the production, distribution and service sectors in a global context. Policies have to be market-oriented, demand-driven and not dominated by government agencies which, in the past, have failed to provide services relevant to the actual needs of SMEs.
Determinants Of Economic Growth: Evidence From American Countries
Authors: Zhuang Hong , St. Juliana Robert 
Published: February 2016

This paper explores determinants of economic growth using variables from traditional Solow model and recent empirical studies. The study covers data on American countries during the period 1995-2006. The estimates show that per capita, GDP growth is positively related to capital expenditure, primary completion rate and trade openness and the relationship is statistically significant. Furthermore, population growth rate and investment in research and development have positive impacts on economic growth, yet the effects are not significant.
The Effects Of Unions On Wages By Occupation In The Public Sector
Authors: Bitzan John D. , Bahrami Bahman 
Published: February 2016

This study examines union wage premiums by occupation in the public sector in the U.S. for the 2000-2004 period. In examining union-nonunion wage differences for public sector workers in occupations accounting for 66 percent of all public workers in the 2000-2004 Current Population Survey, we find positive and statistically significant union premiums for 27 out of 41 occupations examined. We also find large differences among occupations, with miscellaneous teachers and instructors receiving a 61 percent premium, secretaries and administrative assistants receiving a 5 percent premium, and 14 occupations receiving no statistically significant premium. In comparing union premiums by occupation between the private and public sectors, we find, in most cases, that private sector premiums are larger than public sector premiums. Finally, an Oaxaca decomposition shows that the majority of the differential between private sector union premiums and public sector union premiums appears to be due to differences in the way unions reward workers in the private and public sectors, not because of differences in the types of workers in the private and public sectors.
Ability of Three Endodontic Sealers to Fill the Root Canal System in Association with Gutta-Percha
Authors: Ormiga Fabiola , Ferreira de Assis Danielle , de Andrade Risso Patricia 
Published: February 2016

Introduction:
The present study compared the ability of the
endodontic sealers AH Plus, Pulp Canal Sealer and EndoREZ to fill the root canal
system in association with gutta-percha.

Methods:
Ninety
mandibular premolars were accessed, prepared and divided into three groups of 30
teeth each, according to the sealer used to fill the canals: AH Plus, Pulp Canal
Sealer and EndoREZ. All the teeth were filled using the continuous wave of
condensation technique. The specimens were then decalcified, dehydrated,
rendered transparent, and analyzed by three independent evaluators with 8x
magnification. Chi-squared test (χ2, p < 0.05) was used to compare
the groups in relation to the totally filled, the partially filled and the non
filled ramifications. The same test was used to compare the directions of filled
ramifications and the number of ramifications among the three thirds of the
roots.

Results:
EndoREZ filled a significantly higher
number of ramifications than AH Plus and Pulp Canal Sealer (χ2, p <
0.05). All the groups showed higher number of totally filled ramifications than
partially filled and unfilled ramifications. The ramifications were more
frequently detected in the apical third, followed by medium and coronal thirds,
respectively (χ2, p < 0.05). The ramifications were more frequently
detected towards lingual direction (χ2, p < 0.05).

Conclusion:
EndoREZ presented higher ability to fill
the root canal system in association with gutta-percha when compared to AH Plus
and Pulp Canal Sealer. The ramifications were more frequently detected in the
apical third, running in a lingual direction.
Brucellosis Suspicion is the Most Important Criterion for Diagnosis Particularly in Endemic Regions
Authors: Yilmaz Baris , Ozdemir Guzelali , Aktas Erdem , Komur Baran , Alfidan Serdar , Memisoglu Serdar , Mutlu Duymuş Tahir 
Published: February 2016

Introduction:Brucellosis is a zoonotic infectious disease that remains endemic in developing countries. The purpose of this study is to emphasize the need for considering brucellosis as a diagnosis, since this disease has a high risk of complications among young patients when not treated appropriately.Methodology:A total of 88 brucellosis cases with blood cultures that were positive for the pathogen were evaluated retrospectively in this study.Results:The patients included 33 males (37.5%) and 55 females (62.5%) with a median age of 8.9 years (range: 5-14 years). A total of 43.1% (n=38) of the cases included occupational exposure to animals as a possible infection source. The consumption of raw milk products, especially cheese, was present in 52.2% (n=46) of the cases. Clinically, 55 of the cases were acute (62.5%), 23 of the cases were subacute (26.2%) and 10 of the cases were chronic (11.3%). The distribution of the joint pain complaints was as follows: 62.5% (n=55) of patients reported hip pain, 22.7% (n=20) of patients reported knee pain, 11.4% (n=10) of patients reported lumbar-back pain and 3.4% (n=3) of patients reported pain in other joints. A total of 59.1% (n=52) of the cases had been examined by another doctor at least once and mistreated.Conclusion:Complication rates and the rate of chronic infection increase with delayed diagnosis, and clinical doubt is the most important criterion for diagnosis, particularly in endemic regions.
Effects of nanostructured, diamondlike, carbon coating and nitrocarburizing on the frictional properties and biocompatibility of orthodontic stainless steel wires
Authors: Zhang Hao , Guo Shuyu , Wang Dongyue , Zhou Tingting , Wang Lin , Ma Junqing 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To evaluate and compare the effects of nanostructured, diamondlike, carbon (DLC) coating and nitrocarburizing on the frictional properties and biocompatibility of orthodontic stainless steel archwires.

Materials and Methods:
Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition technology was applied to coat DLC films onto the surface of austenitic stainless steel wires, and salt-bath nitrocarburizing technology was employed to achieve surface hardening of other wires. Surface and cross-sectional characteristics, microhardness, modulus of elasticity, friction resistance, corrosion resistance, and cell toxicity of the modified and control wires were analyzed.

Results:
The surfaces of the DLC-coated and nitrocarburized wires were both smooth and even. Compared with the control, the DLC-coated wires were increased in surface hardness 1.46 times, decreased in elastic modulus, reduced in kinetic friction coefficient by 40.71%, and decreased in corrosion current density by two orders of magnitude. The nitrocarburized wire was increased in surface hardness 2.39 times, exhibited an unchanged elastic modulus, demonstrated a decrease in maximum static friction force of 22.2%, and rose in corrosion current density two orders of magnitude. Cytotoxicity tests revealed no significant toxicity associated with the modified wires.

Conclusions:
DLC coating and nitrocarburizing significantly improved the surface hardness of the wires, reduced friction, and exhibited good biocompatibility. The nanostructured DLC coating provided excellent corrosion resistance and good elasticity, and while the nitrocarburizing technique substantially improved frictional properties, it reduced the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel wires to a lesser extent.
Dentoskeletal effects produced by a Jasper Jumper with an anterior bite plane
Authors: Bassarelli Turi , Franchi Lorenzo , Defraia Efisio , Melsen Birte 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the dentoskeletal effects produced by a modified Jasper Jumper with an anterior bite plane for the correction of Class II division 1 malocclusion.

Materials and Methods:
A sample of 32 growing patients (mean age  =  11.9 ± 1.4 years) with Class II division 1 malocclusion and increased overbite were treated with a modified Jasper Jumper (JJ) and anterior bite plane protocol and compared with a matched control group of 30 subjects with untreated Class II malocclusion (mean age 12.2 ± 0.8 years). Lateral cephalograms were taken before treatment (T1) and at the end of comprehensive treatment (T2). Mean treatment duration was 2.1 ± 0.4 years. The T1–T2 changes in the two groups were compared with Student’s t-tests for independent samples.

Results:
The JJ group was successfully treated to a Class I occlusal relationship with a significant reduction in overjet (–3.9 mm, P &lt; .001) and overbite (–3.1 mm, P &lt; .001). The JJ group exhibited a significant increase in mandibular length and a significant improvement in maxillomandibular sagittal skeletal relationships. The lower incisors were significantly proclined, while the lower first molars demonstrated significant movement in a mesial direction.

Conclusions:
Use of a modified JJ appliance and anterior bite plane is an effective protocol for the treatment of Class II malocclusion with increased overbite and greater skeletal (75%) than dentoalveolar (25%) effects mainly at the mandibular level.
THE CHANDRA COSMOS LEGACY SURVEY: OVERVIEW AND POINT SOURCE CATALOG
Authors: Civano F. , Marchesi S. , Comastri A. , Urry M. C. , Elvis M. , Cappelluti N. , Puccetti S. , Brusa M. , Zamorani G. , Hasinger G. , Aldcroft T. , Alexander D. M. , Allevato V. , Brunner H. , Capak P. , Finoguenov A. , Fiore F. , Fruscione A. , Gilli R. , Glotfelty K. , Griffiths R. E. , Hao H. , Harrison F. A. , Jahnke K. , Kartaltepe J. , Karim A. , LaMassa S. M. , Lanzuisi G. , Miyaji T. , Ranalli P. , Salvato M. , Sargent M. , Scoville N. J. , Schawinski K. , Schinnerer E. , Silverman J. , Smolcic V. , Stern D. , Toft S. , Trakhenbrot B. , Treister E. , Vignali C. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
The COSMOS-Legacy survey is a 4.6 Ms Chandra program that has imaged 2.2 deg2 of the COSMOS field with an effective exposure of

ks over the central 1.5 deg2 and of

ks in the remaining area. The survey is the combination of 56 new observations obtained as an X-ray Visionary Project with the previous C-COSMOS survey. We describe the reduction and analysis of the new observations and the properties of 2273 point sources detected above a spurious probability of 2 × 10−5. We also present the updated properties of the C-COSMOS sources detected in the new data. The whole survey includes 4016 point sources (3814, 2920 and 2440 in the full, soft, and hard band). The limiting depths are 2.2 × 10−16, 1.5 × 10−15, and 8.9 × 10−16

in the 0.5–2, 2–10, and 0.5–10 keV bands, respectively. The observed fraction of obscured active galactic nuclei with a column density >1022 cm−2 from the hardness ratio (HR) is ∼50

%. Given the large sample we compute source number counts in the hard and soft bands, significantly reducing the uncertainties of 5%–10%. For the first time we compute number counts for obscured (HR > −0.2) and unobscured (HR < −0.2) sources and find significant differences between the two populations in the soft band. Due to the unprecedent large exposure, COSMOS-Legacy area is three times larger than surveys at similar depths and its depth is three times fainter than surveys covering similar areas. The area-flux region occupied by COSMOS-Legacy is likely to remain unsurpassed for years to come.
MODELING THE ROSSITER–MCLAUGHLIN EFFECT: IMPACT OF THE CONVECTIVE CENTER-TO-LIMB VARIATIONS IN THE STELLAR PHOTOSPHERE
Authors: Cegla H. M. , Oshagh M. , Watson C. A. , Figueira P. , Santos N. C. , Shelyag S. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Observations of the Rossiter–McLaughlin (RM) effect provide information on star–planet alignments, which can inform planetary migration and evolution theories. Here, we go beyond the classical RM modeling and explore the impact of a convective blueshift that varies across the stellar disk and non-Gaussian stellar photospheric profiles. We simulated an aligned hot Jupiter with a four-day orbit about a Sun-like star and injected center-to-limb velocity (and profile shape) variations based on radiative 3D magnetohydrodynamic simulations of solar surface convection. The residuals between our modeling and classical RM modeling were dependent on the intrinsic profile width and v sin i; the amplitude of the residuals increased with increasing v sin i and with decreasing intrinsic profile width. For slowly rotating stars the center-to-limb convective variation dominated the residuals (with amplitudes of 10 s of cm s−1 to ∼1 m s−1); however, for faster rotating stars the dominant residual signature was due a non-Gaussian intrinsic profile (with amplitudes from 0.5 to 9 m s−1). When the impact factor was 0, neglecting to account for the convective center-to-limb variation led to an uncertainty in the obliquity of ∼10°–20°, even though the true v sin i was known. Additionally, neglecting to properly model an asymmetric intrinsic profile had a greater impact for more rapidly rotating stars (e.g., v sin i = 6 km s−1) and caused systematic errors on the order of ∼20° in the measured obliquities. Hence, neglecting the impact of stellar surface convection may bias star–planet alignment measurements and consequently theories on planetary migration and evolution.