bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microencapsulation of phosphor particles with the drying‐in‐liquid method in parallel with the suspension polymerization method and effect on afterglow luminance property
Authors: Taguchi Yoshinari , Ito Daisuke , Saito Natsukaze , Tanaka Masato 
Published: March 2017

Strontium aluminate particles as phosphor particles were microencapsulated with the drying‐in‐liquid method in parallel with the suspension polymerization method in order to increase the waterproof and to improve afterglow luminance property.In this study, ethylene glycol was used as the continuous phase instead of water to prevent phosphor particles from deteriorating at the microencapsulation process, and polystyrene was used as the more hydrophobic microcapsule shell. Styrene monomer was used as the solvent of polystyrene at the drying‐in‐liquid method and as the polymerizable monomer at the suspension polymerization method at the same time.The content and the waterproof could be considerably increased with the drying‐in‐liquid method in parallel with the suspension polymerization method as compared with only the drying‐in‐liquid method, because the denser microcapsule shell without any tiny holes and cracks could be formed.The decrease due to water in brightness of afterglow luminance of phosphor particles could be prevented by microencapsulating with the drying‐in‐liquid method in parallel with suspension polymerization method. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural basis for dimerization and RNA binding of avian infectious bronchitis virus nsp9
Authors: Hu Tingting , Chen Cheng , Li Huiyan , Dou Yanshu , Zhou Ming , Lu Deren , Zong Qi , Li Yulei , Yang Cheng , Zhong Zhihui , Singh Namit , Hu Honggang , Zhang Rundong , Yang Haitao , Su Dan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe potential for infection by coronaviruses (CoVs) has become a serious concern with the recent emergence of Middle East respiratory syndrome and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in the human population. CoVs encode two large polyproteins, which are then processed into 15–16 nonstructural proteins (nsps) that make significant contributions to viral replication and transcription by assembling the RNA replicase complex. Among them, nsp9 plays an essential role in viral replication by forming a homodimer that binds single‐stranded RNA. Thus, disrupting nsp9 dimerization is a potential anti‐CoV therapy. However, different nsp9 dimer forms have been reported for alpha‐ and beta‐CoVs, and no structural information is available for gamma‐CoVs. Here we determined the crystal structure of nsp9 from the avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a representative gamma‐CoV that affects the economy of the poultry industry because it can infect domestic fowl. IBV nsp9 forms a homodimer via interactions across a hydrophobic interface, which consists of two parallel alpha helices near the carboxy terminus of the protein. The IBV nsp9 dimer resembles that of SARS‐CoV nsp9, indicating that this type of dimerization is conserved among all CoVs. This makes disruption of the dimeric interface an excellent strategy for developing anti‐CoV therapies. To facilitate this effort, we characterized the roles of six conserved residues on this interface using site‐directed mutagenesis and a multitude of biochemical and biophysical methods. We found that three residues are critical for nsp9 dimerization and its abitlity to bind RNA.
Aggregation prone regions in human proteome: Insights from large‐scale data analyses
Authors: Prabakaran R. , Goel Dhruv , Kumar Sandeep , Gromiha M. Michael 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTProtein aggregation leads to several burdensome human maladies, but a molecular level understanding of how human proteome has tackled the threat of aggregation is currently lacking. In this work, we survey the human proteome for incidence of aggregation prone regions (APRs), by using sequences of experimentally validated amyloid‐fibril forming peptides andviacomputational predictions. While approximately 30 human proteins are currently known to be amyloidogenic, we found that 260 proteins (∼1% of human proteome) contain at least one experimentally validated amyloid‐fibril forming segment. Computer predictions suggest that more than 80% of the human proteins contain at least one potential APR and approximately two‐thirds (65%) contain two or more APRs; spanning 3–5% of their sequences. Sequence randomizations show that this apparently high incidence of APRs has been actually significantly reduced by unique amino acid composition and sequence patterning of human proteins. The human proteome has utilized a wide repertoire of sequence‐structural optimization strategies, most of them already known, to minimize deleterious consequences due to the presence of APRs while simultaneously taking advantage of their order promoting properties. This survey also found that APRs tend to be located near the active and ligand binding sites in human proteins, but not near the post translational modification sites. The APRs in human proteins are also preferentially found at heterotypic interfaces rather than homotypic ones. Interestingly, this survey reveals that APRs play multiple, often opposing, roles in the human protein sequence‐structure‐function relationships. Insights gained from this work have several interesting implications towards novel drug discovery and development. Proteins 2017; 85:1099–1118. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interface characteristic of aramid fiber reinforced poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) composite
Authors: Wang Jing , Chen Ping , Xiong Xuhai , Jia Caixia , Yu Qi , Ma Keming 
Published: March 2017

Interface is an important microstructure for advanced polymer‐matrix composite. The composite interface is the bridge and the link for stress transferring between the fiber and the matrix resin. In this work, oxygen plasma treatment was used for modification of aramid fiber surface. The effects of plasma treatment power on interlaminar shear strength of composite were evaluated by short‐beam shear test. The morphologies of both the aramid fiber surface and its composite interface fracture were observed by SEM. The chemical structure and surface chemical composition of the plasma‐treated and separated fibers were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and XPS, respectively. The results showed that the interlaminar shear strength of composite was enhanced by 33% with plasma treatment power of 200 W. The FTIR and XPS results indicated that the active functional groups were introduced onto the aramid fiber surface by plasma treatment forming chemical bonds with the poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) resin. The SEM results proved that the aramid fiber surface was roughened by plasma treatment enhancing the mechanical bond with the poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) resin. The composite rupture occurred from the composite interface to the fiber or the matrix resin. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A combined aeroelastic‐aeroacoustic model for wind turbine noise: verification and analysis of field measurements
Authors: Bertagnolio F. , Madsen H. Aa. , Fischer A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this paper, semi‐empirical engineering models for the three main wind turbine aerodynamic noise sources, namely, turbulent inflow, trailing edge and stall noise, are introduced. They are implemented into the in‐house aeroelastic code HAWC2 commonly used for wind turbine load calculations and design. The results of the combined aeroelastic and aeroacoustic model are compared with field noise measurements of a 500 kW wind turbine. Model and experimental data are in fairly good agreement in terms of noise levels and directivity. The combined model allows separating the various noise sources and highlights a number of mechanisms that are difficult to differentiate when only the overall noise from a wind turbine is measured. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laparoscopic Repair of Duodenal Atresia: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Mentessidou Anastasia , Saxena Amulya K. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the outcome of laparoscopic repair of duodenal atresia (LRDA) in relation to different approaches with regard to suture material and anastomosis technique. To identify evidence for the safety and efficacy of LRDA compared with the conventional open repair.MethodsSystematic search was performed for all studies on LRDA, excluding case reports, and all comparative studies between LRDA and open repair. Chi‐square was used to assess associations between complications or conversions rates and different LRDA approaches (suture material, suturing technique). Meta‐analysis was employed to compare LRDA and open repair.ResultsThe complications and conversions rates of LRDA were not affected by the different suture materials (Silk, Vicryl, PDS; p = 0.51) or suturing technique (interrupted, continuous; p = 0.46). The meta‐analysis did not show significant differences between LRDA and open repair in overall complications rate (p = 0.88), time to feeds (p = 0.12) and hospitalization time (p = 0.28), although it revealed longer operative time with LRDA (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsLRDA shows comparable safety and efficacy with the open repair, although it is associated with significantly longer operative time. There is no evidence that the type of the suture material or anastomotic technique affects the outcome of LRDA.
Pathophysiology of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Authors: Menezes Mariano A. , Herbella Fernando A. M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractGastroesophageal reflux disease pathophysiology is multifactorial and linked to a misbalance between the aggressiveness of the refluxate into the esophagus or adjacent organs and the failure of protective mechanisms associate or not to a defective valvular mechanism at the level of the esophagogastric junction incapable of dealing with a transdiaphragmatic pressure gradient. Antireflux mechanisms include the lower esophageal sphincter and abdominal esophagus, the diaphragm, the angle of His, the Gubaroff valve, and the phrenoesophageal membrane. Protective mechanisms include esophageal motility, saliva production, and epithelial protection. Disruption of this balance occurs most commonly due to the presence of a hiatal hernia, esophageal dysmotility, a rise in abdominal pressure (obesity), and decrease in thoracic pressure (chronic lung diseases).
Selective Enrichment of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomers in Their Mixtures Using Combined Chemical and Enzymatic Methods
Authors: Kim Jiwon , Chung Min‐Yu , Choi Hee‐Don , Choi In‐Wook , Kim In‐Hwan , Chun Hyang Sook , Kim Byung Hee 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to selectively enrich t10,c12‐conjugated linoleic acid (t10,c12‐CLA) and c9,t11‐CLA in commercial CLA mixtures using a combination of urea crystallization and lipase‐catalyzed esterification. The objective of the urea fractionation is to remove saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids (FA) from the CLA mixtures. CLA‐enriched free FA (FFA) mixtures containing 53.8 wt% t10,c12‐CLA and 39.1 wt% c9,t11‐CLA were produced from the CLA mixtures containing ~34 wt% each of the two CLA isomers by a urea crystallization using methanol and the urea‐to‐FA weight ratio of 2.5:1. The CLA‐enriched FFA mixtures were partially esterified with dodecan‐1‐ol in a recirculating packed‐bed reactor using an immobilized lipase from Candida rugosa to further enrich the t10,c12‐CLA and c9,t11‐CLA in an FFA fraction and an FA dodecyl ester fraction, respectively, under the optimal conditions, i.e., temperature, 20 °C; FA‐to‐dodecan‐1‐ol molar ratio, 1:1; water content, 2 wt% of total substrates; residence time, 5 min; and reaction time, 24 h (for t10,c12‐CLA enrichment) and 12 h (for c9,t11‐CLA enrichment). After the reaction, an FFA fraction with 72.6 wt% t10,c12‐CLA was obtained. Another FFA fraction with 62.0 wt% c9,t11‐CLA was recovered after the saponification of the FA dodecyl ester fraction. The yields of t10,c12‐CLA and c9,t11‐CLA in the FFA fractions were 43.6 and 21.5 wt%, respectively, based on their initial weights in the CLA mixtures.
Impaired wound healing: facts and hypotheses for multi-professional considerations in predictive, preventive and personalised medicine
Authors: Avishai Eden , Yeghiazaryan Kristina , Golubnitschaja Olga 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWhereas the physiologic wound healing (WH) successfully proceeds through the clearly defined sequence of the individual phases of wound healing, chronic non-healing wounds/ulcers fail to complete the individual stages and the entire healing process. There are many risk factors both modifiable (such as stress, smoking, inappropriate alcohol consumption, malnutrition, obesity, diabetes, cardio-vascular disease, etc.) and non-modifiable (such as genetic diseases and ageing) strongly contributing to the impaired WH. Current statistics demonstrate that both categories are increasingly presented in the populations, which causes dramatic socio-economic burden to the healthcare sector and society at large. Consequently, innovative concepts by predictive, preventive and personalised medicine are crucial to be implemented in the area. Individual risk factors, causality, functional interrelationships, molecular signature, predictive diagnosis, and primary and secondary prevention are thoroughly analysed followed by the expert recommendations in this paper.
A meta-analysis of neurocognition in youth with familial high risk for bipolar disorder
Authors: Bora E. , Özerdem A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjective:Neuropsychological impairment, including deficits in social cognition is evident in subjects at genetic high-risk for psychosis. However, findings in youth at genetic risk to bipolar disorder (BP) have been suggested to be less supportive of premorbid deficits. We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis of cognitive deficits in youth with familiar risk for bipolar disorder (FHR-BD).Methods:A novel meta-analysis of FHR-BD (mean age 10–25), including 18 studies (786 offsprings/siblings of patients with BD and 794 healthy controls), was conducted.Results:Both general cognition (d = 0.29, CI = 0.15–0.44) and social cognition (d = 0.23, CI = 0–0.45) were impaired in FHR-BD. In comparison to controls, FHR-BD had significant deficits in several cognitive domains, including visual memory (d = 0.35), verbal memory (d = 0.21), processing speed (d = 0.26) and sustained attention (d = 0.36). There was no significant difference between FHR-BD and controls in planning and working memory.Conclusions:Cognitive deficits are evident in individuals who are at genetic high-risk for developing BD. Neurodevelopmental abnormalities are likely playing a role not only in schizophrenia but also in BD.
CXCR4 (CD184) expression on stem cell harvest and CD34+ cells post-transplant
Authors: Asfour Inas , Afify Hanaa , Elkourashy Shaza , Ayoub Maryse , Kamal Gihan , Gamal Mary , Elgohary Ghada 
Published: March 2017

Objectives/background:
CXCR4 is a receptor for stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), a molecule that has a chemotactic activity for lymphocytes and is important in homing of hematopoietic stem cells to their adult marrow. We evaluated the CXCR4 (CD184) expression in the harvest cells and in the post-transplant bone marrow (BM) and its relation to engraftment, as determined by the consensus criteria and chimerism.

Methods:
This is a prospective study which included 30 patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; 15 patients received autograft and 15 patients received allograft on dates between January 2012 and May 2014. We assessed CD184 (CXCR4) using flow cytometry in the harvest cells together with post-transplant BM assessment on Day 28 and Day 90 for complete morphologic, molecular studies, and detection of CD184 expression on CD34+ cells with chimerism studies on total peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Results:
Diagnoses of the enrolled patients were as follows: seven (24.1%) with acute myeloid leukemia, eight (27.6%) with multiple myeloma, four (13.8%) with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, three (10.3%) with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, two (6.9%) with myelodysplastic syndromes, two (6.9%) with aplastic anemia, two (6.9%) with chronic myeloid leukemia, one (3.4%) with Hodgkin lymphoma, and one (3.4%) with plasmacytomas. One patient died and was excluded from the study because there were not enough data about engraftment. There was no statistical significance between the level of CD184 in stem cell harvest and the prediction of successful engraftment (p > 0.05) as well as in Day 28 BM sample (p > 0.05), whereas there was a statistical significance between the level of CD184 in Day 90 BM sample and the occurrence of successful engraftment (p = 0.002).

Conclusion:
SDF-1/CXCR4 axis plays a crucial role in engraftment; however, more studies are warranted to assess their expression post-transplant. Evaluating the ligand (chemokine, SDF-1) or its receptor (CXCR4) may serve as potential surrogate markers for assessment of engraftment.
Spatial navigation and risk of cognitive impairment: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Verghese Joe , Lipton Richard , Ayers Emmeline 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroductionSpatial navigation deficits are reported in dementia, but their temporal relationship to cognitive decline is not established.MethodsThis is a prospective cohort study in 442 nondemented adults (mean age 79.9 years). Spatial navigation measured with the Floor Maze Test and reported as immediate maze time (IMT) and delayed maze time (DMT). Predementia syndromes, mild cognitive impairment syndrome (MCI) and motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR), were primary outcomes.ResultsOver a mean follow‐up of 16.5 ± 13.7 months, 41 participants developed MCI and 30 participants developed MCR. In Cox models adjusted for age, sex, education, cognitive status, comorbid illnesses, and maze errors, a 10‐second increment on IMT predicted incident MCI (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06–1.48) and MCR (aHR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.23–1.90). DMT predicted MCR but not MCI.DiscussionSpatial navigation performance predicted predementia syndromes in aging and implicates navigational impairments as an early feature in dementias.
Grado de desarrollo de los componentes de la aptitud clínica en pregrado de Cardiología
Authors: Gómez López Víctor Manuel , Rosales Gracia Sandra , García Galaviz José Luis , Berrones Sánchez Karla Isabel 
Published: March 2017

Introducción: La principal competencia del médico, es la capacidad de poder emitir juicios en relación con los problemas clínicos que presentan los pacientes. Por lo tanto, se requiere que los futuros médicos desarrollen las aptitudes para poder desempeñarse adecuadamente, para solucionar los problemas que les plantearán los pacientes en el futuro. Objetivo: Identificar el grado de desarrollo de los componentes de la aptitud clínica de los alumnos de la licenciatura de medicina, al término del curso de la asignatura de Cardiología. Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional, prolectivo, transversal y comparativo en 93 alumnos matriculados en la asignatura de Cardiología del ciclo académico 2015/02 de una escuela de medicina particular, con más del 85% de asistencia a clase durante el semestre evaluado. Se excluyeron del estudio a los alumnos irregulares o que ya hubieran cursado la asignatura previamente. Se evaluó el grado de desarrollo de la aptitud clínica global y según cada componente. Para el análisis de los resultados, se utilizaron porcentajes y además la prueba de la Ji cuadrada, para explorar la distribución de cada uno de los componentes de la aptitud clínica, considerando un valor de p≤a 0.05 como estadísticamente significativo. Resultados: En más de la mitad de los alumnos, en general la aptitud clínica global, se ubicó en el nivel de suficiente. El componente de la aptitud clínica mejor evaluado, fue el hecho de establecer una comunicación adecuada con el paciente y/o familiar, lo que equivale a que el 92.5% de los alumnos obtuvieron un nivel de aptitud en este componente en el nivel suficiente, lo que corresponde a un valor de p de 0.0001. Conclusiones: La aptitud clínica global en la asignatura de cardiología en los alumnos de pre-grado es suficiente.
El desafío y futuro de la simulación como estrategia de enseñanza en enfermería
Authors: Urra Medina Eugenia , Sandoval Barrientos Sandra , Irribarren Navarro Fabio 
Published: March 2017

La simulación ha sido usada, desde hace décadas, en la enseñanza curricular de la enfermería, constituyéndose en una estrategia eficaz para la formación clínica. Una revisión de la literatura nos permitirá reflexionar al cuestionar su evolución, y cómo esta metodología puede ser incorporada en el currículo con modelos educativos integrados y evaluados para asegurar una enseñanza adecuada y efectiva. Hay que considerar los dilemas en su uso, y tener presente los límites de la realidad y su representación. Lo anterior tiene implicaciones en la naturaleza esencial de la enfermería: el cuidado de los seres humanos.
Ship generated mini-tsunamis
Authors: Grue John 
Published: March 2017

Very long waves are generated when a ship moves across an appreciable depth change $\unicode[STIX]{x0394}h$ comparable to the average and relatively shallow water depth $h$ at the location, with $\unicode[STIX]{x0394}h/h\simeq 1$. The phenomenon is new and the waves were recently observed in the Oslofjord in Norway. The 0.5–1 km long waves, extending across the 2–3 km wide fjord, are observed as run-ups and run-downs along the shore, with periods of 30–60 s, where a wave height up to 1.4 m has been measured. The waves travelling with the shallow water speed, found ahead of the ships moving at subcritical depth Froude number, behave like a mini-tsunami. A qualitative explanation of the linear generation mechanism is provided by an asymptotic analysis, valid for $\unicode[STIX]{x0394}h/h\ll 1$ and long waves, expressing the generation in terms of a pressure impulse at the depth change. Complementary fully dispersive calculations for $\unicode[STIX]{x0394}h/h\simeq 1$ document symmetries of the waves at positive or negative $\unicode[STIX]{x0394}h$. The wave height grows with the ship speed $U$ according to $U^{n}$ with $n$ in the range 3–4, for $\unicode[STIX]{x0394}h/h\simeq 1$, while the growth in $U$ is only very weak for $\unicode[STIX]{x0394}h/h\ll 1$ (the asymptotics). Calculations show good agreement with observations.