bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nailfold capillaroscopic changes in diabetes mellitus patients using hand held dermatoscope - A comparative observational study
Authors: Thakur Abhirut , Kaur Gurkim , Dogra Devraj 
Published: September 2024

Diabetes mellitus is a state of chronic hyperglycemia responsible for significant mortality and morbidity rate due to its vascular complications. Nail fold capillaroscopy using dermatoscope is a quick, cost effective screening tool in identifying the patients having chronic diseases like diabetes mellitus. We aimed at observing the nailfold capillaries in diabetes patients using a hand held dermatoscope. To study nailfold capillaroscopic changes in diabetes mellitus patients using a dermatoscope. A comparative observational study was conducted involving 100 patients of diabetes mellitus and 100 healthy individuals for nail fold capillaroscopic changes using a dermatoscope over a period of 12 months. In our study, distribution of gender and age was comparable between patients with diabetes mellitus and healthy individuals. The capillaroscopic variables like tortuous capillary, receding capillary, capillary dilation, neoangiogenesis, avascular area, capillary dropouts and bizarre capillary were significantly higher in patients with diabetes mellitus as compared to healthy individuals .Other parameters like meandering capillary, bushy capillary, microhemorrhage, angulated capillary and subpapillary plexus visibility were not significant in diabetes mellitus patients. Nailfold capillaroscopy is a simple, quick and effective screening tool for identifying early signs of diabetes mellitus.
Biochemical, ­­­radiological and histopathological assessment of bone regeneration properties of Cissus quadrangularis, a medicinal herb: A study on drill hole fractured bones of Wistar rats
Authors: Geda Arvind K , Saxena Purnendu , Banerjee Shambhunath , Sharma Rahul , Khokhar Dharmendra , Gupta Abhishree , Hussain Nighat , Hirpurkar S D 
Published: September 2024

, iscommonly known as Hadjod in Hindi or bone setter due to its bone fracture healing properties. The presence of secondary metabolites plays an important role due to its characteristic properties. A number of studies were reported by the traditional healers for its bone healing properties but no clinical investigations including radiological and histopathological studies were done before in order for scientific validation of hadjod extracts. The present study involves use of C-ARM X-ray under controlled condition for creating an artificial fracture of tibia bone of experimental Wistar rats. The phytochemical isolation was done by using successive extraction of plant material followed by chromatographic separation using polar to non-polar solvents. The radiological study was done using high resolution Helical CT scan by measuring variation in Hounsfield Unit (HU) value at proximal end of fracture at different time intervals. The histopathological study was done by the appropriate processing of slides at the fractured site. The histopathological changes were recorded and grading done on the basis of bone development stage within the callus.The histopathological results of one of the fraction (F-5) of petroleum ether extract showed mature bone formation grade - 9 on scale of bone healing which was higher than control group with grade - 5 on scale of bone healing. On the other hand crude ethanol extracts (A-4) showed the highest scale grade-10 of bone formation represents lamellar /mature bone formation. Based upon radiological and histopathological studies, secondary metabolites presents in Petroleum ether and ethanol extract showed good results in terms of callus formation at fractured site.
Produksi Xilosa dari Xilan Limbah Ampas Singkong Menggunakan Bacillus subtilis, Aureobasidium pullulans, dan Penicillium janczewskii
Authors: Arianti Fefpi Nur Afnifitri Wias , Ratnadewi Anak Agung Istri , Nurhayati Nurhayati , Jayus Jay 
Published: September 2024

The demand for xylose as a xylitol raw material is increasing. The resource for this material can be explored from agricultural waste such as lignocellulosic material which is widely available in nature, cheap, and renewable. The bioconversion of lignocellulose waste into xylose can use microbes, either single culture or microbial consortia. The purpose of this research is to find out the ability of Bacillus subtilis, Aureobasidium pullulans, and Penicillium janczewskii to convert xylan of cassava waste to produce xylose, under both single individual culture and its consortia. The xylose release from the cultures were measured using DNS tests followed by HPLC determination. The results showed that the single microbial culture of B. subtilis, A. pullulans, and P. janczewskii was able to produce xylose released into the culture broth which was 75.06, 81.72, and 82.00 ppm respectively, indicating the xylanolytic enzymes activities from this microorganism which have the ability to convert xylan into xylose. Unexpectedly, all the mix culture of these microbial consortia were unable to produce higher xylose, the amount of xylose released were even lower became 63.11 ppm only when B. subtilis, A. pullulans, and P. janczewskii worked together in a simultaneous culture. This finding indicated that these three microorganisms might not be able to hydrolysed the xylan synergistically.
Keywords: bioconversion, lignocellulosic material, microbial consortia, xylanolytic enzyme
Current uses of adipose grafting with platelet-rich plasma
Authors: Braswell Ann Carol , Buchanan Katherine , Wagner Grant , Fujihashi Ayaka , Rudnicki Pamela , Collawn Sherry S. 
Published: September 2024

Aim: The purpose of this study was to analyze fat grafting with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the context of volume replacement and scar hypertrophy improvement in a variety of different cases.
Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on 40 patients who underwent a total of 50 fat grafting with PRP procedures by a single surgeon between October 2019 and October 2022. Fat was generally harvested from the abdomen, thighs, or flanks using an enclosed power-assisted system or Toomey syringes with 3.0 or 3.7 mm cannulas. The fat with PRP was grafted into various sites using a 0.9 mm Tulip single port injection cannula for faces/small defects. Of the 50 cases reviewed, the injection sites were as follows: 20 cases of injections into scars (hypertrophic scars, burn/trauma scars, and scars from hidradenitis suppurativa), 15 injections to the face [to replenish volume lost by aging and two cases for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) facial atrophy], 6 injections to the breasts, 4 injections to keloids, 4 injections to buttocks, and 1 case of injection to the nose.
Results: Overall, for all sites, the average amount of fat harvested was 360 mL, and the average amount of fat with PRP grafted was 96 mL. Of the face grafts, the average amount of fat grafted was 20 mL. The overall complication rate in our cohort was 2%, occurring only in one patient who developed cellulitis after fat grafting to the breast. There were no cases of embolization. The patients showed excellent improvement in volume and significant cosmetic improvement of scars.
Conclusion: Patients who underwent autologous fat grafting with PRP had favorable volume replacement and improvement in scarring deformity following the procedure. Fat grafting with PRP was found to be a safe and reliable technique to address various volume and skin concerns.
Assessing the accuracy and utility of ChatGPT responses to patient questions regarding posterior lumbar decompression
Authors: Giakas Alec M. , Narayanan Rajkishen , Ezeonu Teeto , Dalton Jonathan , Lee Yunsoo , Henry Tyler , Mangan John , Schroeder Gregory , Vaccaro Alexander , Kepler Christopher 
Published: September 2024

Aim: To examine the clinical accuracy and applicability of ChatGPT answers to commonly asked questions from patients considering posterior lumbar decompression (PLD).
Methods: A literature review was conducted to identify 10 questions that encompass some of the most common questions and concerns patients may have regarding lumbar decompression surgery. The selected questions were then posed to ChatGPT. Initial responses were then recorded, and no follow-up or clarifying questions were permitted. Two attending fellowship-trained spine surgeons then graded each response from the chatbot using a modified Global Quality Scale to evaluate ChatGPT’s accuracy and utility. The surgeons then analyzed each question, providing evidence-based justifications for the scores.
Results: Minimum scores across all ten questions would lead to a total score of 20, whereas a maximum score would be 100. ChatGPT’s responses in this analysis earned a score of 59, just under an average score of 3, when evaluated by two attending spine surgeons. A score of 3 denoted a somewhat useful response of moderate quality, with some important information adequately discussed but some poorly discussed.
Conclusion: ChatGPT has the ability to provide broadly useful responses to common preoperative questions that patients may have when considering undergoing PLD. ChatGPT has excellent utility in providing background information to patients and in helping them become more informed about their pathology in general. However, it often lacks the specific patient context necessary to provide patients with personalized, accurate insights into their prognosis and medical options.
Evaluation of weight loss and quality of life in long-term post-bariatric surgery
Authors: Péres Amanda , Bernhardt Joel , Tibolla Vanessa 
Published: September 2024

Aim: Obesity is a chronic disease that can lead to many consequences and is directly related to the development of other non-communicable chronic diseases. Since medical treatment for this comorbidity does not always yield satisfactory results, bariatric surgery ends up being the best option for many cases. Thus, the present study aims to analyze long-term weight loss in patients undergoing bariatric surgery, compare weight loss according to the surgical technique performed, and assess the quality of life of patients in the long-term postoperative period.
Methods: This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study analyzing a pre-existing database along with new data collected through telephone interviews according to the modified Bariatric Analysis and Reporting Outcome System (BAROS) questionnaire. Medical records for those who underwent the procedure within the specified period were analyzed.
Results: Records for a total of 208 patients were analyzed, of whom 181 underwent the Bypass surgical technique and 27 underwent the Sleeve technique. Based on the BAROS score, the majority of patients (64.9%) had a "good" or "very good" outcome. Regarding weight loss, 70.68% of the interviewed patients lost over 50% of weight, with this loss occurring in 74.58% of those who underwent Bypass and 44.44% of those who underwent Sleeve. Additionally, 95.2% of respondents reported feeling “better” or “much better” after surgery.
Conclusion: Our results indicate that bariatric surgery is effective both in long-term weight loss and in improving the quality of life of patients. Meanwhile, our study suggests that the BAROS questionnaire may be insufficient to assess long-term quality of life.
Extended Postoperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis Is Associated with No Clinical Value and Higher Projected Cost Following Adult Spinal Surgery
Authors: Awad Mohamed E. , Griffin Nicole A. , Epperson Aaron B. , Alfonso Nicholas A. , Ou-Yang David 
Published: September 2024

» We aimed to determine the cost-effectiveness of different protocols of extended postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis (E-PAP) following adult spinal surgery.» Both stratified (randomized controlled trials only) and nonstratified (all studies) analyses demonstrated that E-PAP has no significant value in reducing the rate of surgical site infection (SSI), deep SSI, or superficial SSI.» Notably, the E-PAP protocols were associated with a significant increase in the length of hospital stay, resulting in an additional expenditure of $244.4 per episode for the E-PAP 72 hours protocol compared with PAP 24 hours and $309.8 per episode for the E-PAP >48 hours protocol compared with PAP <48 hours.» E-PAP does not demonstrate any significant reduction in the rate of SSIs following spine surgery. However, these extended protocols were significantly associated with an increase in the length of hospital stay and higher overall projected costs.

Level of Evidence:

Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Impact of Social Determinants of Health on the Prognosis of Primary Bone Tumors
Authors: Ebrahimi Alireza , Hosseini Sahar , Shahabi Saeed , Ashkani-Esfahani Soheil , Lozano-Calderon Santiago 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Although the prevalence of primary bone tumors (PBTs) was reported to be relatively low, they represent a difficult category of tumors for appropriate prediction, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Among different factors contributing to the prognosis and treatment outcomes of patients with these tumors, it is assumed that social determinants of health (SDOH) have not been well investigated nor applied in the process of decision making for these patients.

Methods:
In this systematic review, databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Science Direct, and CINAHL were used. To ensure the quality of the studies and assess them for bias, we used the Methodological Index for Nonrandomized Studies scaling tool. The relevant data were extracted from the included studies and reported.

Results:
Twenty-five studies were included in our review based on the inclusion criteria. Age, socioeconomic status, education, and employment status; place of living and neighborhood; race and ethnicity; and insurance coverage were found to impact the outcomes and prognosis of PBTs.

Conclusion:
Literature has shown correlations of various SDOH with the outcomes of PBTs. SDOH are not independent of each other; including and interpreting them in the process of decision making should be in a multifactorial and intercalated manner. We suggest prospective studies on finding the effect of inventing with SDOH through changes in health care policies, educating patients and care providers, improving socioeconomic conditions, and providing better insurance support, on the outcomes of PBTs.

Level of Evidence:

Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Simple model, complex strata: 2-D numerical forward model analysis of heterogeneity and controls in submarine fan systems
Authors: Mackie Alfie W. , Stevenson Christopher J. , Burgess Peter M. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Turbidite strata stacking patterns are interpreted as products of either allogenic forcing, autogenic processes, or a combination of both. However, the relative influence of each remains difficult to constrain. Here, a simple reduced-complexity 2-D numerical forward model (Lobyte2D) simulates gravity flows passing down a slope, running out, and depositing across a flat basin floor. Flows can erode, bypass, or deposit, cumulatively producing a variety of entirely autogenic retrograding, aggrading, and prograding strata with stratigraphic completeness values ranging from less than 1% to around 40%. Complexity of modeled strata is measured with a spatial entropy metric, and sensitivity analysis indicates that grain-size and flow-acceleration parameters are the key controls on stratal complexity: larger grain sizes are associated with deeper erosion, which makes more rugged topography, and higher values of flow acceleration make flow speeds more sensitive to topography, which triggers localized deposition and/or erosion. Such complexity produced by a simple two-dimensional numerical forward model suggests that even more complex behavior is likely in natural systems, and this should be reflected in outcrop and subsurface interpretations. However, comparison of geometries in chronostratigraphic and cross-section plots of modeled strata shows that, due to a variety of cryptic bypass and erosion surfaces, stacking trends visible in chronostratigraphic plots are much more difficult to detect in outcrop and subsurface cross sections and vertical sections. These insights suggest that many outcrop and subsurface interpretations of submarine-fan strata, particularly sequence stratigraphic interpretations, may be missing substantial complexity, and underestimating the uncertainty inherent in limited data.
Features of Dispersal of Late Anisian Ammonoids of the Boreal Realm
Authors: Konstantinov A.G. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
—Identifying patterns of geographic differentiation of individual groups of marine invertebrate fauna in the geological past is important for understanding their evolutionary history, solving issues and problems of biostratigraphic division, and correlation of deposits. Paleobiogeographic data is also necessary to identify the development stages of biota and the geological history of marine paleobasins and verify paleogeodynamic reconstructions. In this work, considering the latest data on paleontology and biostratigraphy of the Boreal Triassic, the taxonomic composition and distribution of Upper Anisian ammonoids in various regions of the Boreal realm are revised. A correlation of Upper Anisian deposits of Northeast Asia, British Columbia, Canadian Arctic Archipelago, Svalbard, Franz Josef Land, and Khabarovsk Krai was carried out at the zonal level and a basis was obtained for a comparative analysis of coeval ammonoid faunas. As a result of a qualitative and quantitative comparative analysis of ammonoid assemblages for various phases of the Late Anisian age, it was established that in the Late Anisian age, British Columbia was constantly part of the Canadian province of the Boreal realm, and Northeast Asia was part of the Siberian province. At the end of the Late Anisian age (most of the late part of the Frechites nevadanus or Frechites chischa phases), provincial differences were smoothed out and for the first time, all Boreal regions were included in the Siberian province, except the territory of British Columbia. Analysis of the geographical distribution of some groups of ammonoids in the Late Anisian age and changes in the areas of taxa over time made it possible to identify probable migration routes of Longobarditidae (genus Longobardites) and to introduce significant changes in the ideas about the centers of origin and migration of some Beyrichitidae.
Analysis of Risk factors of anastomotic leakage after minimally invasive esophagectomy with circular cervical anastomosis
Authors: wang cong , li zhenyi , yu yang , lu ming 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES Esophagectomy is a high-risk surgical procedure with significant postoperative morbidity and mortality. Anastomotic leakage is still one of the most serious complications after anterior resection for esophageal carcinoma. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors after minimally invasive cervical anastomosis of esophageal cancer and postoperative mortality. METHODS This was a retrospective study of 312 minimally invasive cervical anastomosis of esophageal cancer in a single institute between 2013 and 2016. The anastomotic level and perioperative confounding factors were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression to identify potential risk factors for postoperative leakage. RESULTS Total 312 patients were evaluated. Overall leak rate was 10.6%. In-hospital or 30-day mortality was 0%. Only 3 patients received intensive care unit due to postoperative complications and mean hospital stay was 14.22(± 7.70) days. Univariate analysis showed that the following variables were related to the incidence of anastomotic leakage: neoadjuvant chemotherapy before operation (p = 0.007); body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.000); diabetes (p = 0.001); operation time (p = 0.006). Multivariable analysis identified diabetes [P = 0.032, odds ratio (OR) 2.637, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.087–6.393], BMI [P = 0.003, odds ratio (OR) 1.223, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.070–1.399] and operation time [P = 0.033, odds ratio (OR) 1.012, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.001–1.024] as the risk factors of anastomotic leakage. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes, operation time and BMI are independent prognostic factors for cervical anastomotic leakage of minimally invasive esophageal cancer. Cervical anastomotic leakage will not affect the short-term survival of the patients.
Developing a novel approach to complex evolution of antimicrobial resistance via mobile genetic elements from a persistent environmental biofilm
Authors: Mathers Amy , Li Thomas , He Qijun , Narendra Sharvari , Stoesser Nicole , Eyre David , Walker Sarah , Barry Katie , Castañeda-Barba Salvador , Huang Fenix Wenda , Parikh Hardik , Kotay Shireen , Crook Derrick , Reidys Christian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Mobile genetic elements are key to the global emergence of antibiotic resistance. We successfully reconstructed the complete bacterial genome and plasmid assemblies of isolates sharing the same blaKPC carbapenemase gene to understand evolution over time in six confined hospital drain biofilms over five years. From 82 isolates we identified 14 unique strains from 10 species with 113 blaKPC−carrying plasmids across 16 distinct replicon types. To assess dynamic gene movement, we introduced the 'Composite-Sample Complex', a novel mathematical approach to using probability to capture the directional movement of antimicrobial resistance genes accounting for the co-occurrence of both plasmids and chromosomes within an isolate, and highlighting likely donors and recipients. From the validated model, we demonstrate frequent transposition events of blaKPC from plasmids to other plasmids, as well as integration into the bacterial chromosome within specific drain biofilms. We present a novel approach to estimate the directional movement of antimicrobial resistance via gene mobilization.
Comparison of side-to-side anastomosis vs. end-to-end anastomosis in NOSES operation for left colon cancer: a retrospective study
Authors: Huang Jintuan , Wu Jianchao , Fang Sifu , Huang Jinmei , Chen Weili , Shi Zhimin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective: To analyze and compare the application and efficacy of side-to-side anastomosis and end-to-end anastomosis in NOSES operation for left colon cancer.
Methods: A retrospective analysis of 69 patients in our hospital from February 2018 to February 2022 who underwent natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) for left colon tumors. The observation group was performed with side-to-side anastomosis (Overlap). For digestive tract reconstruction, the control group was anastomosed by end-to-end anastomosis; the intraoperative and postoperative conditions and complications were compared between the two groups.
Results: There was no significant difference in operation time and intraoperative blood loss between the two groups (P>0.05). However, the intraoperative anastomosis time in the observation group was significantly shorter than that in the control group (P<0.001). Additionally, there was no significant difference in the time of first exhaustion, defecation time, degree of patency of defecation, frequency of defecation, postoperative hospital stays and postoperative pain between the two groups (P>0.05). Furthermore, the overall incidence of postoperative complications did not show a significant difference (P>0.05).
Conclusions: In the NOSES surgery of left colon cancer, both side-to-side anastomosis (Overlap) and end-to-end anastomosis yield comparable radical outcomes., but the side-to-side anastomosis (Overlap) method is operationally simpler and has a shorter intraoperative anastomosis time. As such, this method is the preferred anastomosis method when NOSES for colorectal cancer is carried out in primary hospitals.
Trial registration number ChiCTR1900026104 (2019-09-21)