bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review of the Evidence Supporting the Taste of Non‐esterified Fatty Acids in Humans
Authors: Running Cordelia A. , Mattes Richard D. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDietary fats contribute to the flavor of foods by multiple mechanisms. A role for their taste has only recently gained credence. Current evidence indicates non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFA) are the effective stimuli for the taste component. CD36 and GPR120 are putative receptors, but may not fully account for the totality of the range of sensations elicited by fatty acids. The sensory quality of long‐chain NEFA is not adequately characterized by commonly accepted taste primary qualities and has been termed oleogustus. There is marked individual variability in sensitivity to the taste of NEFA prompting hypotheses of genetic and environmental determinants. Though an association with BMI has been proposed, the preponderance of evidence is not supportive. The importance of oleogustus has not been fully established, but likely contributes to flavor, which influences food choice as well as lipid metabolism and chronic disease risk. A better understanding of oleogustus may provide insights useful for product formulation.
Neuroprotective actions of pterostilbene on hypoxic‐ischemic brain damage in neonatal rats through upregulation of heme oxygenase‐1
Authors: Li Dan , Song Tingting , Yang Lin , Wang Xueying , Yang Changhong , Jiang Yongsheng 
Published: September 2016

AbstractNeonatal hypoxic–ischemic (HI) brain damage causes acute mortality and morbidity in newborns and long‐term neurological disorders in the survivors. Pterostilbene (PTE) is a natural compound possessing various biological and pharmacological activities. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of PTE on neonatal HI brain damagein P7 rat model and to explore the possible mechanisms. Neonatal HI brain damage was induced in rat pups (P7). Prior to the induction of HI injury, PTE was injected with or without zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP), an inhibitor of heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1). ZnPP was used to test whether abnormal changes of HO‐1 expression were involved in the effect of PTE. The results showed that PTE exhibited excellent neuroprotective effects against neonatal HI brain injury, as evidenced by the decrease of brain infarct volume, brain edema, neurological score, and improvement in motor coordination motor deficit and working memory deficit. PTE pretreatment decreased the expression of several proinflammatory cytokines, including TNFα, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and key transcription factor p65 NF‐κB, and reduced the number of TUNEL‐stained neurons, indicating the inhibition of inflammation and programmed cell death. Moreover, PTE pretreatment decreased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances content, increased superoxide dismutase activity and decreased reactive oxygen species level, indicating that PTE played an important antioxidant role. Furthermore, ZnPP was able to inhibit PTE‐induced suppression of oxidative stress, programmed cell death, inflammation and brain damage. In conclusion, PTE pretreatment prevented HI‐induced brain injury in newborns through HO‐1‐mediated reduction of oxidative stress, programmed cell death, and inflammation, and final improvement of histological and functional injury. Overall, the data that obtained in rat model provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of neonatal HI brain injury and may be translational to human clinical intervention for HI‐associated brain injury in newborns.
Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus according to IADPSG and NICE criteria
Authors: Djelmis Josip , Pavić Mato , Mulliqi Kotori Vjosa , Pavlić Renar Ivana , Ivanisevic Marina , Oreskovic Slavko 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the impact of the International Association of Diabetic Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG) diagnostic criteria on the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and overt diabetes as compared with the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) criteria, and to evaluate the prevalence of maternal and perinatal outcomes among pregnant women with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels of 5.1–5.5 mmol/L.MethodsA retrospective study was undertaken of data for women who underwent a 2‐hour 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test at 24–32 weeks of a singleton pregnancy at a center in Croatia between January 2012 and December 2014.ResultsAmong 4646 included women, 1074 (23.1%) had GDM according to IADPSG criteria, 826 (17.8%) would be diagnosed according to NICE criteria, and 50 (1.1%) had overt diabetes. FPG levels were 5.1–5.5 mmol/L for 409 (8.8%) women. Compared with a control group (n = 3391), these women had higher odds of large‐for‐gestational‐age newborns (odds ratio 3.7, 95% CI 2.0–4.6) and cesarean delivery (odds ratio 1.8, 95% CI 1.3–2.3).ConclusionWomen with FPG levels of 5.1–5.5 mmol/L have an increased risk of adverse maternal and perinatal outcome, although they would not be diagnosed with GDM according to NICE criteria.
Clinicopathological features and pituitary homeobox 1 gene expression in the progression and prognosis of cutaneous malignant melanoma
Authors: Barut Figen , Udul Perihan , Kokturk Furuzan , Kandemir Nilufer Onak , Keser Sevinc Hallac , Ozdamar Sukru Oguz 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe evidence that PITX1 (pituitary homeobox 1) is a significant tumor suppressor in human cancer remains largely circumstantial, but it clearly warrants further study as little is known about the tumor‐inhibitory roles of PITX1 in cutaneous malignant melanoma. The aims of this study were to investigate PITX1 gene expression in patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma and to evaluate its potential relevance to clinicopathological characteristics and tumor cell proliferation. Clinicopathological findings of patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma were analyzed retrospectively. PITX1 and Ki‐67 expression were detected by immunohistochemistry in malignant melanoma and healthy tissue samples from each patient. Labeling indices were calculated based on PITX1 gene and Ki‐67 expression. The correlation between PITX1and Ki‐67 expressions was analyzed in cutaneous malignant melanoma cases. The relationship between PITX1 expression intensity and clinicopathological characteristics was also analyzed. PITX1 expression was observed in all (100%) normal healthy skin tissue samples. In addition, PITX1 expression was found in 56 (80%) and was absent in 14 (20%) of the 70 cutaneous malignant melanoma cases. Ki‐67 positive expression was only detected in the 14 (20%) PITX1‐negative cases. PITX1‐positive tumor cells were observed on the surface, but Ki‐67 positive tumor cells were observed in deeper zones of the tumor nests. PITX1 expression was downregulated in human cutaneous malignant melanoma lesions compared with healthy skin tissue, but Ki‐67 expression was upregulated in concordance with the progression of cutaneous malignant melanoma. PITX1 expression may be involved in tumor progression and is a potential tumor suppressor gene and prognostic marker for cutaneous malignant melanoma.
On an analytical model of wake vortex separation of aircraft
Authors: Campos L.M.B.C. , Marques J.M.G. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTA theory is presented on the effect of wake turbulence of a leading aircraft on the roll stability of a following aircraft, leading to a simple formula for the safe separation distance between the two aircraft that provides estimates of aircraft separation distances comparable to existing empirical regulations, based on experience. The formula includes the effects of flight and atmospheric conditions, and the characteristics of the leading and following aircraft; it applies to similar or dissimilar aircraft, and it indicates the parameters and conditions leading to increasing or decreasing separation. The formula is applied not only to the three International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) categories of aircraft (light, medium and heavy, respectively, Cessna Citation, B737 and B747) but also to ‘special’ aircraft requiring larger separation distance (Boeing 757) and to the world’s largest airliner (Airbus A380).
How Much Government Assistance Do European Wine Producers Receive?
Authors: Anderson Kym , Jensen Hans G. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe European Union's (EU) long-standing financial support for its wine industry has been nontrivial but very difficult to estimate. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development's (OECD) generic producer support estimate methodology has been able to capture some of the supports, but it excludes such measures as subsidized distillation of low-quality wine, grants to promote wine generically, protection via import tariffs, and grubbing-up premiums. Nor does the OECD disaggregate EU supports to individual member countries. This article provides a new set of more complete estimates of support to EU wine producers. It also reveals how unevenly those supports are spread across EU member countries. The new estimates suggest that during 2007–2012, annual assistance amounted to approximately 700 euros per hectare of vines or 0.15 euros per liter of wine produced in the EU as measured at the winery gate. That is equivalent to a nominal rate of direct plus indirect producer assistance of approximately 20%. (JEL Classifications: F14, H25, L66, Q18)
Marine Radiocarbon Reservoir Effect in Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene Coastal Waters off Northern Iberia
Authors: Monge Soares António M , Gutiérrez-Zugasti Igor , González-Morales Manuel , Matos Martins José M , Cuenca-Solana David , Bailey Geoffrey N 
Published: September 2016

AbstractRadiocarbon dating of closely associated marine mollusk shells and terrestrial material (mammal bones or charred wood) collected from archaeological contexts in northern Atlantic Iberian coastal areas is used to quantify the marine14C reservoir effect (ΔR) for the coastal waters off the Cantabrian coast of northern Iberia. For the first time, ΔR values were reliably determined for these coastal waters and, also for the first time, a ΔR was calculated for the Late Pleistocene in Atlantic Iberia. Pairs of coeval samples of different carbon reservoirs selected from Upper Paleolithic (Late Pleistocene) and Mesolithic (Early Holocene) contexts yielded ΔR weighted mean values of –117±7014C yr and –105±2114C yr, respectively. These values show oceanographic conditions characterized by a reduced offset between atmospheric and surface water14C contents, suggesting a nonexistent or very weak upwelling and some stratification of the water column. Similar oceanographic conditions have been recorded in other areas of Atlantic Iberia during the Holocene, such as off Andalusian and northwestern Galician coasts. Results not only provide useful information on environmental conditions but also a framework to obtain more precise and reliable absolute chronologies for the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene in northern Iberia.
Uhl’s anomaly: perspective of fetal echocardiography and histopathological correlation
Authors: Dixon Damon B. , Mackey-Bojack Shannon M. , Sivanandam Shanthi 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe report a case of Uhl’s anomaly imaged at 19 weeks of gestation by fetal echocardiography with pathological confirmation by anatomical gross heart specimen and tissue histology. Uhl’s anomaly of the right ventricle is a rare cardiac disorder with isolated right ventricular enlargement with almost complete absence of the right ventricular myocardium.
A multi-institutional study of factors affecting resource utilisation following the Fontan operation
Authors: Hinkle Kevin A. , Wilkes Jacob , McFadden Molly , Williams Richard V. , Minich LuAnn L. , Menon Shaji C. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe few studies evaluating data on resource utilisation following the Fontan operation specifically are outdated. We sought to evaluate resource utilisation and factors associated with increased resource use after the Fontan operation in a contemporary, large, multi-institutional cohort. This retrospective cohort study of children who had the Fontan between January, 2004 and June, 2013 used the Pediatric Health Information Systems Database. Generalised linear regression analyses evaluated factors associated with resource use. Of 2187 Fontan patients included in the study, 62% were males. The median age at Fontan was 3.2 years (inter-quartile range (IQR): 2.6–3.8). The median length of stay following the Fontan was 9 days (IQR: 7–14). The median costs and charges in 2012 dollars for the Fontan operation were $93,900 (IQR: $67,800–$136,100) and $156,000 (IQR: $112,080–$225,607), respectively. Postoperative Fontan mortality (30 days) was 1% (n=21). Factors associated with increased resource utilisation included baseline and demographic factors such as region, race, and renal anomaly, factors at the bidirectional Glenn such as seizures, valvuloplasty, and surgical volume, number of admissions between the bidirectional Glenn and the Fontan, and factors at the Fontan such as surgical volume and age at Fontan. The most strongly associated factors for both increased Fontan length of stay and increased Fontan charges were number of bidirectional Glenn to Fontan admissions (p<0.001) and Fontan surgical volume per year (p<0.001). As patient characteristics and healthcare-related delivery variables accounted for most of the factors predicting increased resource utilisation, changes should target healthcare delivery factors to reduce costs in this resource-intensive population.
Can whole-blood parameters be used in follow-up of children with rheumatic valvular heart disease?
Authors: Karpuz Derya , Giray Dilek , Ozyurt Abdullah , Bozlu Gulcin , Unal Selma , Hallioglu Olgu 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between red blood cell distribution width, platelet distribution width, and mean platelet volume and the presence and severity of valvular involvement in patients with rheumatic heart disease.MethodsBetween April, 2012 and December, 2015, 151 patients who were admitted to the Pediatric Cardiology Unit with diagnosis of rheumatic heart disease and 148 healthy children were included to our study. Transthoracic echocardiography for all children was performed, and the values of red blood cell distribution width, platelet distribution width, and mean platelet volume, besides other blood count parameters, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein levels were recorded.ResultsRed blood cell distribution width, platelet distribution width, mean platelet volume, and C-reactive protein levels were significantly higher in patients with rheumatic heart disease when compared with healthy controls (p<0.01). Red blood cell distribution width was positively correlated with both C-reactive protein (r=0.271, p=0.035) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r=0.308, p=0.006). When single valve involvement was compared with both aortic valve and mitral valve involvement in the study group, red blood cell distribution width and platelet distribution width were higher in patients with double valve involvement; however, this was not statistically significant (p>0.05).ConclusionThis is the first study in children with rheumatic heart disease that demonstrated significantly increased red blood cell distribution width, platelet distribution width, and mean platelet volume levels, as well as evaluated all three parameters together. Furthermore, red blood cell distribution width values in the chronical period of acute rheumatic fever, due to the positive correlation with the other chronic inflammatory markers, may help make the diagnosis in children.
Stereotyped initiation of retinal waves by bipolar cells via presynaptic NMDA autoreceptors
Authors: Zhang Rong-wei , Li Xiao-quan , Kawakami Koichi , Du Jiu-lin 
Published: September 2016

AbstractGlutamatergic retinal waves, the spontaneous patterned neural activities propagating among developing retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), instruct the activity-dependent refinement of visuotopic maps. However, its initiation and underlying mechanism remain largely elusive. Here using larval zebrafish and multiple in vivo approaches, we discover that bipolar cells (BCs) are responsible for the generation of glutamatergic retinal waves. The wave originates from BC axon terminals (ATs) and propagates laterally to nearby BCs and vertically to downstream RGCs and the optic tectum. Its initiation is triggered by the activation of and consequent glutamate release from BC ATs, and is mediated by the N-methyl-D-aspartate subtype of glutamate receptors (NMDARs) expressed at these ATs. Intercellular asymmetry of NMDAR expression at BC ATs enables the preferential initiation of waves at the temporal retina, where BC ATs express more NMDARs. Thus, our findings indicate that glutamatergic retinal waves are initiated by BCs through a presynaptic NMDA autoreceptor-dependent process.
Retinal orientation and interactions in rhodopsin reveal a two-stage trigger mechanism for activation
Authors: Kimata Naoki , Pope Andreyah , Eilers Markus , Opefi Chikwado A. , Ziliox Martine , Hirshfeld Amiram , Zaitseva Ekaterina , Vogel Reiner , Sheves Mordechai , Reeves Philip J. , Smith Steven O. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe 11-cis retinal chromophore is tightly packed within the interior of the visual receptor rhodopsin and isomerizes to the all-trans configuration following absorption of light. The mechanism by which this isomerization event drives the outward rotation of transmembrane helix H6, a hallmark of activated G protein-coupled receptors, is not well established. To address this question, we use solid-state NMR and FTIR spectroscopy to define the orientation and interactions of the retinal chromophore in the active metarhodopsin II intermediate. Here we show that isomerization of the 11-cis retinal chromophore generates strong steric interactions between its β-ionone ring and transmembrane helices H5 and H6, while deprotonation of its protonated Schiff’s base triggers the rearrangement of the hydrogen-bonding network involving residues on H6 and within the second extracellular loop. We integrate these observations with previous structural and functional studies to propose a two-stage mechanism for rhodopsin activation.
Clonal dynamics following p53 loss of heterozygosity in Kras-driven cancers
Authors: Muzumdar Mandar Deepak , Dorans Kimberly Judith , Chung Katherine Minjee , Robbins Rebecca , Tammela Tuomas , Gocheva Vasilena , Li Carman Man-Chung , Jacks Tyler 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAlthough it has become increasingly clear that cancers display extensive cellular heterogeneity, the spatial growth dynamics of genetically distinct clones within developing solid tumours remain poorly understood. Here we leverage mosaic analysis with double markers (MADM) to trace subclonal populations retaining or lacking p53 within oncogenic Kras-initiated lung and pancreatic tumours. In both models, p53 constrains progression to advanced adenocarcinomas. Comparison of lineage-related p53 knockout and wild-type clones reveals a minor role of p53 in suppressing cell expansion in lung adenomas. In contrast, p53 loss promotes both the initiation and expansion of low-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanINs), likely through differential expression of the p53 regulator p19ARF. Strikingly, lineage-related cells are often dispersed in lung adenomas and PanINs, contrasting with more contiguous growth of advanced subclones. Together, these results support cancer type-specific suppressive roles of p53 in early tumour progression and offer insights into clonal growth patterns during tumour development.
Chemoselective synthesis and analysis of naturally occurring phosphorylated cysteine peptides
Authors: Bertran-Vicente Jordi , Penkert Martin , Nieto-Garcia Olaia , Jeckelmann Jean-Marc , Schmieder Peter , Krause Eberhard , Hackenberger Christian P. R. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn contrast to protein O-phosphorylation, studying the function of the less frequent N- and S-phosphorylation events have lagged behind because they have chemical features that prevent their manipulation through standard synthetic and analytical methods. Here we report on the development of a chemoselective synthetic method to phosphorylate Cys side-chains in unprotected peptides. This approach makes use of a reaction between nucleophilic phosphites and electrophilic disulfides accessible by standard methods. We achieve the stereochemically defined phosphorylation of a Cys residue and verify the modification using electron-transfer higher-energy dissociation (EThcD) mass spectrometry. To demonstrate the use of the approach in resolving biological questions, we identify an endogenous Cys phosphorylation site in IICBGlc, which is known to be involved in the carbohydrate uptake from the bacterial phosphotransferase system (PTS). This new chemical and analytical approach finally allows further investigating the functions and significance of Cys phosphorylation in a wide range of crucial cellular processes.
Spin-wave propagation steered by electric field modulated exchange interaction
Authors: Wang Sheng , Guan Xiawei , Cheng Xiaomin , Lian Chen , Huang Ting , Miao Xiangshui 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCombined ab initio and micromagnetic simulations are carried out to demonstrate the feasibility on the electrical manipulation of spin-wave propagation in ultrathin Fe films. It is discovered that the exchange interaction can be substantially weakened under the influence of electric field applied perpendicular to the magnetic film surface. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the electric field modified exchange constant could effectively control the propagation of spin waves. To be specific, an external applied electric field of 5 V/nm can effectively weaken exchange interaction by 80% and is sufficient to induce nearly twofold change of the wavenumber. This discovery may open a door to energy-efficient local manipulation of the spin wave propagation utilizing electric fields, which is crucial for both fundamental research and spin wave based logic applications.
Bacterial succession and metabolite changes during flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) retting with Bacillus cereus HDYM-02
Authors: Zhao Dan , Liu Pengfei , Pan Chao , Du Renpeng , Ping Wenxiang , Ge Jingping 
Published: September 2016

AbstractHigh-throughput sequencing and GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) were jointly used to reveal the bacterial succession and metabolite changes during flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) retting. The inoculation of Bacillus cereus HDYM-02 decreased bacterial richness and diversity. This inoculum led to the replacement of Enterobacteriaceae by Bacillaceae. The level of aerobic Pseudomonadaceae (mainly Azotobacter) and anaerobic Clostridiaceae_1 gradually increased and decreased, respectively. Following the addition of B. cereus HDYM-02, the dominant groups were all degumming enzyme producers or have been proven to be involved in microbial retting throughout the entire retting period. These results could be verified by the metabolite changes, either degumming enzymes or their catalytic products galacturonic acid and reducing sugars. The GC-MS data showed a clear separation between flax retting with and without B. cereus HDYM-02, particularly within the first 72 h. These findings reveal the important bacterial groups that are involved in fiber retting and will facilitate improvements in the retting process.