bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of smoking habits on cardiovascular and neoplastic events and all-cause death in people with HIV from the STOPSHIV cohort
Authors: De Socio Giuseppe Vittorio , Ricci Elena , Piconi Stefania , Squillace Nicola , Maggi Paolo , Orofino Giancarlo , Altobelli Debora , Santoro Carmen , Guastavigna Marta , Menzaghi Barbara , Salomoni Elena , Di Biagio Antonio , dell’Omo Marco , Francisci Daniela , Bonfanti Paolo ,   for CISAI study group (Italian coordination group for the study of allergies, HIV infection)
Published: October 2024

Objective:
The study aimed to assess the impact of smoking exposure on major clinical events (MCEs) in a real-life setting of people with HIV (PWH).

Design:
An observational, longitudinal, multicenter cohort study from Italy.

Methods:
Consecutive 983 PWH were enrolled in “STOP Smoking in HIV people” (STOPSHIV) projects and followed from July 2014 until September 2023. The observed MCE defined as cardiovascular events, neoplastic diseases, or death for any reason was assessed according to smoking status and related variables (number of cigarettes smoked daily, pack-years, Fagerström test) in participants. The association between exposure variables and the event was evaluated using the Cox proportional hazard model [hazard ratios, and 95% confidence interval (95% CI)].

Results:
Over 6997.6 person-years of follow-up (PYFU), we found a total of 49 cardiovascular events, 61 neoplastic events, and 47 deaths. The overall incidence rate of MCE was 17.6 /1000 PYFU (95% CI 14.7–21.0). All-cause death rate was 6.7 (95% CI 5.0–8.9)/1000 PYFU. In a multivariate analysis, older age (hazard ratio 1.07, CI 1.05–1.09), high Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (hazard ratio 1.09, CI 1.03–1.15), a low nadir CD4+ cell count less than 200 cells/μl (hazard ratio 1.63, CI 1.10–1.41), history of previous neoplasm (hazard ratio 2.41; CI 1.34–4.43), and IDU as a risk factor for HIV infection (hazard ratio 2.36; CI 1.52–3.68) were independent predictors of any MCE.

Conclusion:
Non-AIDS clinical conditions are the most observed clinical events in PWH from Italy. Smoking exposure significantly increases the risk of MCE in PWH, and a high Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence is a predictor of MCE.
Surgical Options for Retained Gallstones After Cholecystectomy
Authors: Mohtashami Ali , Ziaziaris William A. , Lim Chris S.H. , Bhimani Nazim , Leibman Steven , Hugh Thomas J. 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Retained gallstones are the most common cause of postcholecystectomy pain. They may be in a long remnant cystic duct (CD), the common bile duct (CBD), or within a remnant gallbladder (GB) post subtotal cholecystectomy. Although endoscopic management is often attempted, occasionally surgical clearance is required. Rates of preoperative surgery to remove stones in a remnant GB are rising due to the increased practice of subtotal cholecystectomy during a problematic laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This study aims to review the surgical management of symptomatic retained stones at a tertiary hepatobiliary referral center in Sydney, Australia.

Patients and Methods:
This retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was performed on patients who underwent an operation for retained stones after a previous cholecystectomy over 18 years (2004-2022). All of the patients with residual CBD stones had failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogram (ERCP) attempts or could not have an ERCP because of prior foregut surgery. All patients underwent a systematic preoperative workup confirming the biliary anatomy and pathology.

Results:
Fourteen patients had surgical intervention for retained stones. All cases were attempted laparoscopically and were successful in 11/14 patients (78%). Retained stones were found within a remnant GB (29%, n=4), a remnant CD (36%, n=5), or the CBD (36%, n=5). Conversion to an open procedure in 3 patients was for dense fibrosis associated with a long low-insertion of the CD, necessitating a hepatico-jejunostomy, failure to delineate the biliary anatomy, and inability to clear CBD stones, respectively. One patient developed a minor postoperative complication (superficial wound infection), and all patients were free of symptoms at a median follow-up of 33.5 months.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrates favorable outcomes in patients undergoing laparoscopic intervention for retained gallstones. A systematic approach to the workup and surgical management of patients with retained stones is essential.
Associations Between Intertemporal Food Choice and BMI in Adult Women: An fMRI Study Using a Quasi-realistic Design
Authors: Sommerfeld Anne , Herrmann Manfred , Heldmann Marcus , Erhard Peter , Münte Thomas F. 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Impulsivity resulting in unrestrained eating has been implicated as a contributing factor for obesity. Delay discounting (DD) tasks where individuals choose between a smaller immediate reward and a larger delayed reward provide useful data to describe impulsive decision-making and to determine the extent to which delayed rewards are discounted.

Objective:
To study the association between body mass index(BMI) and delay discounting for food and money in adult women.

Methods:
We used a DD task with real food rewards to investigate impulsive decision-making as related to BMI in participants who self-identified as women. Participants in group A had a mean BMI of 21.4 (n = 14), and participants in group B had a mean BMI of 32.2 (n = 14). Each group was tested in a hungry state during a single session. We performed fMRI during a DD task requiring participants to choose between a food item (one sandwich) constituting a smaller immediate reward and multiple food items (two, three, or four sandwiches) constituting a series of larger delayed rewards available at different intervals. The steepness of the discounting curve for food was determined from these decisions. Participants then completed a monetary discounting task to facilitate a comparison of the discounting of food and monetary rewards.

Results:
Participants in group B discounted food rewards more steeply than monetary rewards. Decisions for delayed rewards led to increased activations of brain areas related to executive control on fMRI, such as the head of the caudate nucleus and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in group A, but not group B participants.

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that group B had difficulty deciding against the immediate food rewards due to insufficient recruitment of cortical control areas. Therefore, impulsivity is an important target for behavioral interventions in individuals with obesity.
Trajectory Analysis of Healthcare Use Before and after Gastrointestinal Cancer Surgery
Authors: Munir Muhammad Musaab , Woldesenbet Selamawit , Pawlik Timothy M 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:
Frailty correlates with worse postoperative outcomes and higher surgical cost, but the long-term impact on healthcare use remains ill-defined. We sought to evaluate patterns of healthcare use pre- and postsurgery among patients with gastrointestinal cancer and characterize the association with frailty.

STUDY DESIGN:
Data on patients who underwent surgical resection for liver, biliary, pancreatic, colon and rectal cancer were obtained from the SEER-Medicare database from 2005 to 2020. Frailty was assessed using the claims-based frailty index. Group-based trajectory modeling identified clusters of patients with discrete patterns of healthcare use. Multivariable regression was performed to predict cluster membership based on preoperative factors, including frailty.

RESULTS:
Among 66,684 beneficiaries, 4 distinct use trajectories based on data from 12 months before and after surgical resection were identified. After a surge in use during the month of surgical resection, most patients reverted to presurgery baseline use (low: 6,588, 9.9%; moderate: 17,627, 26.4%; and high: 29,850, 44.8%). However, a notable trajectory involving 12,619 (18.9%) patients was identified, wherein surgical resection precipitated a transition from a “low” presurgery use state to a “high” use state postsurgery. Frail patients were more likely to be among those individuals who transitioned to high users (low: 4.2% vs transition: 12.6% vs high: 7.5%; p < 0.001). On multivariable analysis incorporating preoperative variables, frailty was associated with high group trajectory membership (ref: least and moderate; highest: odds ratio 4.90, 95% CI 4.49 to 5.35; p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Patients with gastrointestinal cancer demonstrated distinct clusters of healthcare use after surgical resection. Preoperative predictive models may help differentiate different healthcare use trajectories to help tailor care for patients in the postoperative period.
Surgical Management of Penetrating Carotid Artery Injury: Preoperative Level of Consciousness Does Matter
Authors: Katsura Morihiro , Jakob Dominik A , Kelly Boyle , Ikenoue Tatsuyoshi , Matsushima Kazuhide , Demetriades Demetrios 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:
The optimal surgical management of penetrating carotid artery injuries (PCAIs) remains controversial. This study aimed to examine the association between operative techniques for PCAI and the incidence of stroke.

STUDY DESIGN:
This retrospective cohort study used the American College of Surgeons TQIP (2016 to 2021) database. We included patients (age 16 years or older) with severe penetrating injuries to the common or internal carotid arteries (CCA/ICA) who underwent one of the following operative procedures: primary suture repair, ligation, and arterial reconstruction with a graft. Multivariate logistic regression analysis with cluster-adjusted-robust SEs was performed to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for postoperative stroke stratified by the initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS).

RESULTS:
A total of 492 patients were included (329 underwent primary suture repair, 82 underwent ligation, and 81 underwent arterial reconstruction with a graft). The median age was 31 years (interquartile range 24 to 43) and median GCS on arrival was 11 (interquartile range 3 to 15). On multivariate analysis after adjusting for potential confounders, ligation of CCA/ICA was significantly associated with increased odds of stroke in patients with initial GCS ≥9 (AOR: 4.40, 95% CI 1.16 to 16.58, p = 0.029), whereas there was no significant association in patients with GCS <9 (AOR 0.77, 95% CI 0.28 to 2.11, p = 0.37). No significant association was identified between arterial reconstruction with a graft and stroke, irrespective of the initial GCS.

CONCLUSIONS:
The study findings suggest that the preoperative level of consciousness may help in planning operative strategies for PCAI. In patients with an initial GCS ≥9, definitive repair of the CCA/ICA, including arterial reconstruction with a graft, should be pursued instead of ligation.
Histopathological features of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis B and hepatitis D viruses infection: A single-institution study from Mongolia
Authors: Jargalsaikhan Orgil , Shao Wenhua , Ichimura-Shimizu Mayuko , Ishimaru Soichiro , Koma Takaaki , Nomaguchi Masako , Chimeddorj Battogtokh , Batchuluun Khongorzul , Tseveenjav Anujin , Magvan Battur , Lhagvadorj Sayamaa , Mendjargal Adilsaikhan , Ganbaatar Lhagvadulam , Irahara Minoru , Akaike Masashi , Boldbaatar Damdindorj , Tsuneyama Koichi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractViral hepatitis, particularly hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV), is highly prevalent in Mongolia. Moreover, Mongolia has the highest prevalence of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) globally, with over 60% of HBV-infected individuals also co-infected with HDV. Since HBV/HDV infections accelerate liver disease progression more compared to HBV infection alone, urgent national health measures are required. This study presents a clinicopathological analysis of 49 hepatocellular carcinoma cases surgically resected at the Mongolia-Japan Hospital of the Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences. HBV infection was found in 27 (55.1%) cases of all HCC cases. Immunohistochemical staining of the liver revealed that 14 (28.6%) among the HBV infected tissues were HDV antigen-positive in the HCC cases. HDV-positive cases exhibited significantly higher inflammatory activity compared to HDV-negative cases, with lymphocytic infiltrates predominantly composed of CD4-positive cells. Furthermore, HDV-positive cells were spatially distinct from HBs antigen-positive cells, suggesting that HDV-infected cells may interfere with HBV replication. No significant differences in fibrosis or in tumor characteristics were observed between the HDV-positive and -negative cases.Early diagnosis of HBV/HDV infections is essential for appropriate treatment and to prevent further domestic transmission of the virus. However, routine testing for HDV infection is rarely conducted in Mongolia. Since HDV-positive cells are morphologically indistinguishable from surrounding HDV-negative cells, routine histopathological analysis may not be sufficient to detect HDV infection. Based on this clinicopathological study, CD4 and CD8 immunostaining can be considered as an adjunctive diagnostic tool in cases with significant lymphocytic infiltration and hepatocellular damage. Additionally, HDV screening using blood and tissue samples may be recommended to ensure accurate diagnosis.
Integrating genetic and gene expression data in network-based stratification analysis of cancers
Authors: Liou Kenny , Wang Ji-Ping 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCancers are complex diseases that have heterogeneous genetic drivers and varying clinical outcomes. A critical area of cancer research is organizing patient cohorts into subtypes and associating subtypes with clinical and biological outcomes for more effective prognosis and treatment. Large-scale studies have collected a plethora of omics data across multiple tumor types. These studies provide an extensive dataset for stratifying patient cohorts. Network-based stratification (NBS) approaches have been presented to classify cancer tumors using somatic mutation data. A challenge in cancer stratification is integrating omics data to yield clinically meaningful subtypes. In this study, we integrate somatic mutation data with RNA sequencing data within the NBS framework and investigate the effectiveness of integrated NBS on three cancers: ovarian, bladder, and uterine cancer. We show that integrated NBS subtypes are more significantly associated with overall survival or histology. Integrated NBS networks also reveal highly influential genes that drive cancer initiation and progression. This comprehensive approach underscores the significance of integrating genomic data types in cancer subtyping, offering profound implications for personalized prognosis and treatment strategies.
Submaximal eccentric training during immobilization does not prevent serial sarcomere loss or impairments in mechanical function in old or young rats
Authors: Hinks Avery , Vlemmix Ethan , Power Geoffrey A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe age-related loss of muscle mass is partly driven by a reduction in serial sarcomere number (SSN), and further SSN loss occurs during immobilization. SSN is associated with optimal force and power production and muscle passive tension, thus immobilization-induced SSN loss is especially a concern for older individuals who are often subjected to forced muscle disuse with illness and injury. We previously showed that submaximal eccentric resistance training increased SSN and improved muscle function in old rats. The present study investigated whether this training could prevent the losses of SSN and function when performed intermittently during immobilization. 10 old (32 months) and 10 young (8 months) rats underwent unilateral casting of the plantar flexors in a shortened position for 2 weeks. Thrice weekly, casts were removed for isokinetic eccentric resistance training. Pre- and post-training we assessedin-vivomaximum isometric torque at ankle angles corresponding to stretched and neutral muscle lengths, the passive torque-angle relationship, and isotonic power. The soleus and medial gastrocnemius were harvested for SSN measurements, with the untrained leg as a control. In old and young rats, muscles of the casted leg had lower muscle wet weights (−20-40%), physiological cross-sectional area (−16-20%), and SSN (−7-29%) than the control leg. Furthermore, maximum isometric torque (−37-46%) and isotonic power (−≈70%) decreased, and passive torque increased (+≈400%) from pre- to post-training for both age groups. Thus, irrespective of age, submaximal eccentric resistance training 3 days/week was ineffective for preventing the losses of muscle contractile tissue and mechanical function during casting.
SPATIAL TRANSCRIPTOMIC PROFILING OF ADVANCED OVARIAN CLEAR CELL CARCINOMA REVEALS INTRA-TUMOR HETEROGENEITY IN EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL GRADIENT
Authors: Truong Le Thang , Yi-Te Wang Duncan , Chen Ko-Chen , Yan Sebastian Rui-Gu , Chu Pei-Yu , Tan Tuan Zea , Chiu Yi-Chia , Sheu Jia-Yuh , Huang Chen-Hao , Ye Jieru , Tai Ya-Ting , Juan Hsueh-Fen , Tsai Feng-Chiao , Lin Wei-Chou , Wei Lin-Hung , Huang Ruby Yun-Ju 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntratumoral heterogeneity is intrinsically comprised of molecular alterations of tumor cells and extrinsically from interconnections with microenvironments. This study explores the spatial heterogeneity of ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC), a rare cancer with significance to East Asian women. We profiled 21 tumors from matched ovarian and metastatic sites with spatial transcriptomic (ST) platforms including GeoMx and Visium CytAssist. Three subclusters of OCCC tumor cells enriched in oxidative phosphorylation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and inflammation pathways were identified with preferential geospatial localizations in tumor centers and invasive margins/tumor-stromal interfaces. These ST subclusters correlated with epithelial-mesenchymal gradients and prognostic features in larger cohorts. Single-cell ST in CosMx identified 9 cancer cell populations with organ-specific tropism. Trajectory analysis indicated a NEAT1-high subclone having founder characteristics, progressively dominating the metastatic niche, displaying mesenchymal traits. This founder feature correlated with clinical outcomes in PanCancer datasets. Our findings highlight the adaptive and context-specific interactions between cancer cells and microenvironments within spatial complexities.
Animal Model for Pericardium Patch Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Step by Step
Authors: Tobita Allana , Ponte Bruno Jeronimo , Portugal Maria Fernanda Cassino , Baptista Anna Paula Weinhardt , Sincos Igor Rafael , Wolosker Nelson 
Published: October 2024

2.AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to improve previously described methods for confection of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAA) in porcine animal models, reducing surgical procedure time and specimen mortality.MethodsA total of 18 swine underwent a surgical procedure in order to confect a TAAA. All anesthetic precautions were taken. All the procedures were carried out via laparotomy and retroperitoneal access. An autologous peritoneum patch was used to make the aneurysm in 2 animals, and a bovine pericardium patch in 16. All the animals were followed up post-operatively, and were re-approached after 4 weeks for analysis of the aneurysm sac. The models that did not die in the post-operative period were euthanized under institutional recommendationsResultsAll the animals underwent laparotomy with retroperitoneal access. Two were submitted to an autologous peritoneum patch and 16 to a bovine pericardium patch. Three models underwent single suprarenal clamping; while 15 underwent sequential clamping. There were no differences in surgical time(p 0.207)or total clamping time(p 0.276)between groups. There was a higher mortality rate after 4 weeks in models submitted to single clamping (100%) compared to sequential clamping (26.7%)(p 0.0017).ConclusionThe experimental model of a thoracoabdominal bovine pericardium aneurysm which uses a sequential clamping technique, provides a stable and reliable platform with consistent anatomy and patency for up to four weeks. This model can be extremely valuable for assessing new endovascular therapy options in living organisms
SIMandCCS52A1control root hair cell endoreplication and expansion
Authors: Li (李磊) Lei , Herburger Klaus , Vercauteren Ilse , Heyman Jefri , De Veylder Lieven 
Published: October 2024

AbstractArabidopsis thaliana(Arabidopsis) root hair cells undergo rapid cell elongation that is correlated with an increased DNA ploidy level through endoreplication. However, the contribution of endoreplication to hair cell growth is currently unclear. Here, we determined ploidy levels within the root hair cell file from the proximal meristem to the elongation zone and correlated them with cellular parameters. Our data show that cells in the basal meristem reach a 4C level prior to rapid elongation, whereas in the elongation zone a 16C level is reached prior to the onset of tip growth, suggesting that endoreplication is a prerequisite for rapid volume increase. Consistently, we show that mutants inSIAMESE(SIM) andCELL CYCLE SWITCH52 A1(CCS52A1), key endocycle regulators expressed in hair cells, display a decrease in cell volume and hair tip length. Interestingly, SIM and CCS52A1 affect cell width and length, respectively. In addition, CCS52A1 controls the growth rate of the root hair tip. Given the common association between cell expansion and cell wall modifications, we performed immunolabeling on wild-type and mutant roots, which revealed a reduced level of pectin methylesterification in the mutant backgrounds, suggesting that SIM and CCS52A1 may modulate root hair cell growth by affecting cell wall modifications.The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (https://academic.oup.com/plphys/pages/General-Instructions) is Lieven De Veylder (lieven.deveylder@psb.vib-ugent.be).ONE-SENTENCE SUMMARYSIMandCCS52A1control Arabidopsis root hair cell volume by controlling endoreplication.
Predictive model for real-world performance of COVID-19 antigen tests based on laboratory evaluation
Authors: Bosch Miguel , Garcia Dawlyn , Rudtner Lindsey , Salcedo Nol , Colmenares Raul , Hoche Sina , Arocha Jose G , Hall Daniela , Moreno Adriana , Bosch Irene 
Published: October 2024

AbstractControlling spread of disease due to infectious agents require a quick response from public health sector. In the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the use of antigen tests has shown to be an excellent tool to inform authorities and mitigate the spread of the disease. In this communication we demonstrated how performance of an antigen test -- as a diagnosticin vitrodevice -- can be properly validated using quantitative laboratory experimentation and self-testing data from a clinical study. We also show how clinical performance of an antigen test can be predicted using mathematical modeling. The proposed appraisal methodology of antigen test performance under real-world conditions could be a useful tool to inform regulatory decision making. This approach allows to standardize, democratize, and speed up the process of validation, analysis, and comparison of antigen rapid tests, and thus to help developing effective public health response strategies.