bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional patterns associated with BDCA3 expression on BDCA1+ myeloid dendritic cells
Authors: van der Aa Evelyn , Biesta Paula J , Woltman Andrea M , Buschow Sonja I 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMyeloid dendritic cells, including BDCA3hi DCs and BDCA1+ DCs (hereafter dubbed DC1 and DC2 for clarity), play a pivotal role in the induction and regulation of immune responses. Interestingly, a fraction of DC2 also express low to intermediate levels of BDCA3. It is unknown whether BDCA3+ DC2 also share other traits with DC1 that are absent in BDCA3− DC2 and/or whether BDCA3 expression renders DC2 functionally distinct from their BDCA3‐lacking counterparts. Here, we used expression analysis on a predefined set of immunology‐related genes to determine divergence between BDCA3‐positive and BDCA3‐negative DC2 and their relation to bona fide BDCA3hi DC1. Results showed that mRNA fingerprints of BDCA3+ DC2 and BDCA3− DC2 are very similar, and clearly distinct from that of DC1. Differences in mRNA expression, however, were observed between BDCA3+ DC2 and BDCA3− DC2 that pointed toward a more activated status of BDCA3+ DC2. In line with this, higher steady state maturation marker expression and TLR‐induced maturation marker expression and inflammatory cytokine production by BDCA3+ DC2 were observed. This dataset provides insight into the relationship between myeloid DC populations and contributes to further understanding of DC immunobiology.
Functional differences in airway dendritic cells determine susceptibility to IgE‐sensitization
Authors: Leffler Jonatan , Mincham Kyle T , Mok Danny , Blank Fabian , Holt Patrick G , Stumbles Philip A , Strickland Deborah H 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRespiratory IgE‐sensitization to innocuous antigens increases the risk for developing diseases such as allergic asthma. Dendritic cells (DC) residing in the airways orchestrate the immune response following antigen exposure and their ability to sample and present antigens to naïve T cells in airway draining lymph nodes contributes to allergen‐specific IgE‐sensitization. In order to characterize inhaled antigen capture and presentation by DC subtypes in vivo, we used an adjuvant‐free respiratory sensitization model using two genetically distinct rat strains, one of which is naturally resistant and the other naturally susceptible to allergic sensitization. Upon multiple exposures to ovalbumin (OVA), the susceptible strain developed OVA‐specific IgE and airway inflammation, whereas the resistant strain did not. Using fluorescently tagged OVA and flow cytometry, we demonstrated significant differences in antigen uptake efficiency and presentation associated with either IgE‐sensitization or resistance to allergen exposures in respective strains. We further identified CD4+ conventional DC (cDC) as the subset involved in airway antigen sampling in both strains, however, CD4+ cDC in the susceptible strain were less efficient in OVA sampling and displayed increased MHC‐II expression compared with the resistant strain. This was associated with generation of an exaggerated Th2 response and a deficiency of airway regulatory T cells in the susceptible strain. These data suggest that subsets of cDC are able to induce either sensitization or resistance to inhaled antigens as determined by genetic background, which may provide an underlying basis for genetically determined susceptibility to respiratory allergic sensitization and IgE production in susceptible individuals.
Adult consequences of prenatal drug exposure
Authors: Oei Ju Lee 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMaternal drug use is not new but over the last few decades, the number of mothers using drugs of addiction has escalated to epidemic levels. These drugs are both legal (e.g. prescription medication) and illegal (e.g. heroin) and all will cross the placental barrier into the developing infant. The most immediate and obvious consequence of intra‐uterine drug exposure is newborn withdrawal or the Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) which is now, with prompt recognition and treatment, an uncommon cause of neonatal death. Thousands (if not millions) of adults most likely would have had a history of passive drug exposure during gestation and the outcomes of these people are unknown. Most are physically healthy and do not need extra medical attention but the effects of prenatal drug exposure may be subtle and extensive. Drug‐use disorders are accompanied by a myriad of other adverse problems, including poverty, mental and physical health problems and inadequate parenting ability that may compound the negative effects of drugs. Emerging data suggest that vulnerability to health and neurocognitive issues are pervasive and long‐lasting as are lifestyle issues. This review will address current evidence in this area and highlight the knowledge gaps that must be addressed in order to optimise the outcomes for this vulnerable and marginalised but rapidly expanding population of adults.
Neutrophil infiltration to the brain is platelet‐dependent, and is reversed by blockade of platelet GPIbα
Authors: Giles James A. , Greenhalgh Andrew D. , Denes Adam , Nieswandt Bernhard , Coutts Graham , McColl Barry W. , Allan Stuart M. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryNeutrophils are key components of the innate immune response, providing host defence against infection and being recruited to non‐microbial injury sites. Platelets act as a trigger for neutrophil extravasation to inflammatory sites but mechanisms and tissue‐specific aspects of these interactions are currently unclear. Here, we use bacterial endotoxin in mice to trigger an innate inflammatory response in different tissues and measure neutrophil invasion with or without platelet reduction. We show that platelets are essential for neutrophil infiltration to the brain, peritoneum and skin. Neutrophil numbers do not rise above basal levels in the peritoneum and skin and are decreased (~60%) in the brain when platelet numbers are reduced. In contrast neutrophil infiltration in the lung is unaffected by platelet reduction, up‐regulation of CXCL‐1 (2·4‐fold) and CCL5 (1·4‐fold) acting as a compensatory mechanism in platelet‐reduced mice during lung inflammation. In brain inflammation targeting platelet receptor GPIbα results in a significant decrease (44%) in platelet‐mediated neutrophil invasion, while maintaining platelet numbers in the circulation. These results suggest that therapeutic blockade of platelet GPIbα could limit the harmful effects of excessive inflammation while minimizing haemorrhagic complications of platelet reduction in the brain. The data also demonstrate the ability to target damaging brain inflammation in stroke and related disorders without compromising lung immunity and hence risk of pneumonia, a major complication post stroke. In summary, our data reveal an important role for platelets in neutrophil infiltration to various tissues, including the brain, and so implicate platelets as a key, targetable component of cerebrovascular inflammatory disease or injury.
Failure to confirm high blood pressures in pediatric care—quantifying the risks of misclassification
Authors: Koebnick Corinna , Mohan Yasmina , Li Xia , Porter Amy H. , Daley Matthew F. , Luo Gang , Kuizon Beatriz D. 
Published: January 2018

Pediatric practice guidelines call for repeating an elevated office blood pressure (BP) at the same visit, but there are few data available to support this recommendation. We compared the visit results in children aged 3 to 17 years with aBPreading ≥95th percentile (n = 186 732) based on the initialBPand the mean of twoBPreadings, using electronic medical records from 2012–2015. Failure to repeat an initialBPreading ≥95th percentile would lead to a false “hypertensive” visit result in 54.1% of children who would require follow‐up visits. After an initial visit result indicating hypertension, hypertension stage I or stageIIwas sustained in 2.3% and 11.3% of youth during their next visits, respectively. In conclusion, only approximately half of the pediatric patients would be correctly classified based on their initialBP. The recommendation to repeat highBPduring the same visit needs to be emphasized because it saves unnecessary follow‐up visits.
Mental disorder: Are we moving away from distress and disability?
Authors: Telles‐Correia Diogo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe first time that formally a definition of mental disorder was presented was in DSM‐III. This resulted from a complex conceptual analysis carried out by Spitzer, chair of the committee on nomenclature and statistics.The criteria of harm (distress‐disability) arise as main defining characteristics for mental illness, being added that “there is an inference” that there is a dysfunction.The distress‐disability model was later developed by Wakefield. This author argued that in a medical or psychiatric disorder there had to be a dysfunctional component (value free) and another one of harm (value laden).In this article, we intend to review the emergence and evolution of the definition of mental disorder and the importance that the criteria of distress and disability always had in this definition. This happened until the advent of DSM‐5 when these criteria came to play a secondary role.
Revolution from below in Panguipulli: Agrarian reform and political conflict under the Popular Unity in Chile
Authors: Robles‐Ortiz Claudio 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis article examines the political conflict in rural society during the Popular Unity Government (1970–73) by focusing on the mobilization of forestry workers in Panguipulli, a district in southern Chile. Adopting land invasions as their main strategy in the struggle for land and power, Panguipulli workers experienced a radical politicization by aligning themselves with the Peasant Revolutionary Movement, the “peasant front” of the Revolutionary Left Movement. Because of its relation with this emerging “new left,” rural mobilization was a significant expression of the “revolution from below”, which challenged the Popular Unity's “Chilean road to socialism.” Moreover, because rural mobilization also took place in other areas throughout Chile where the Revolutionary Left Movement was influential, it gave rise to a grassroots project for radicalizing the government's agrarian reform. As a result, the rural “revolution from below” strongly influenced the content and trajectory of political conflict under the Popular Unity Government.
Effect of gut stress induced by oxidized wheat gluten on the growth performance, gut morphology and oxidative states of broilers
Authors: Liao R. B. , Yan H. J. , Liu G. H. , Zhang S. , Chang W. H. , Liu W. , Lin C. H. , Huang X. Y. , Cai H. Y. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThis study was to investigate the effect of oxidized wheat gluten (OG) on growth performance, gut morphology and its oxidative states of broilers. One hundred and eighty‐day‐old male broilers (10 chicks/pen) were randomly allocated into three dietary treatments: control diet (CON), diet with 8% wheat gluten (WG) and diet with 8% OG with six pens/treatment. Body weight (BW) (21 and 35 days) and average daily gain (ADG) (1–21 days and 22–35 days) decreased (p < .05) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (1–21 days and 22–35 days) increased (p < .05) in OG treatment. Feed intake (FI) decreased (p < .05) in WG and OG treatments during 22–35 days. However, FI was not influenced by dietary treatments during 1–21 days (p > .05). The OG‐fed broilers had a lower faecal pH value (p < .05) and higher faecal moisture content (p < 05) at 14, 21, 28 and 35 days. Villus height, crypt depth and V/C value were not different (p > .05) among treatments at 21 and 35 days. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) (21 and 35 days) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (35 days) content in crop of OG treatment increased (p < .05). Oxidized glutathione (GSSG) (21 days), LPO (21 and 35 days) and MDA (21 and 35 days) content in ileum of OG treatment increased (p < .05). The reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) (21 days) and (GSH) (35 days) in ileum of OG treatment decreased (p < .05). The present findings indicate that OG might be a stressor for broiler gut, which could induce oxidative stress both in crop and in ileum, and the diarrhoea as well. The growth performance of broiler was consequently depressed.
Conflict between heterozygote advantage and hybrid incompatibility in haplodiploids (and sex chromosomes)
Authors: Ghenu Ana‐Hermina , Blanckaert Alexandre , Butlin Roger K. , Kulmuni Jonna , Bank Claudia 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn many diploid species, the sex chromosomes play a special role in mediating reproductive isolation. In haplodiploids, where females are diploid and males haploid, the whole genome behaves similarly to the X/Z chromosomes of diploids. Therefore, haplodiploid systems can serve as a model for the role of sex chromosomes in speciation and hybridization. A previously described population of FinnishFormicawood ants displays genome‐wide signs of ploidally and sexually antagonistic selection resulting from hybridization. Here, hybrid females have increased survivorship but hybrid males are inviable. To understand how the unusual hybrid population may be maintained, we developed a mathematical model with hybrid incompatibility, female heterozygote advantage, recombination and assortative mating. The rugged fitness landscape resulting from the co‐occurrence of heterozygote advantage and hybrid incompatibility results in a sexual conflict in haplodiploids, which is caused by the ploidy difference. Thus, whereas heterozygote advantage always promotes long‐term polymorphism in diploids, we find various outcomes in haplodiploids in which the population stabilizes either in favour of males, females or via maximizing the number of introgressed individuals. We discuss these outcomes with respect to the potential long‐term fate of the Finnish wood ant population and provide approximations for the extension of the model to multiple incompatibilities. Moreover, we highlight the general implications of our results for speciation and hybridization in haplodiploids versus diploids and how the described fitness relationships could contribute to the outstanding role of sex chromosomes as hotspots of sexual antagonism and genes involved in speciation.
A maize phytochrome‐interacting factors protein ZmPIF1 enhances drought tolerance by inducing stomatal closure and improves grain yield in Oryza sativa
Authors: Gao Yong , Wu Meiqin , Zhang Mengjiao , Jiang Wei , Ren Xiaoyun , Liang Enxing , Zhang Dongping , Zhang Changquan , Xiao Ning , Li Yan , Dai Yi , Chen Jianmin 
Published: January 2018

SummaryPhytochrome‐interacting factors (PIFs) play major roles in regulating plant growth and development, but their roles in drought stress remain elusive. Here, we cloned and characterized a maize (Zea mays) PIF transcription factor, ZmPIF1. The expression level of ZmPIF1 was significantly induced by independent drought and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments. The ZmPIF1 transgenic rice and Arabidopsis displayed water saving and drought resistance, which were associated with reduced a stomatal aperture and transpiration rate. Moreover, the ZmPIF1 transgenic rice were hypersensitive to exogenous ABA, while the endogenous ABA level was not significantly changed, suggesting that ZmPIF1 was a positive regulator of the ABA signalling pathway. Digital gene expression (DGE) results further indicated that ZmPIF1 participated in ABA signalling pathway and regulated the stomatal aperture in rice. In addition, grain yield and agronomic traits analysis over 4 years showed that ZmPIF1 was able to increase the grain yield through an increase in tiller and panicle numbers in transgenic rice. Overall, ZmPIF1 plays an important role in the ABA‐mediated regulation of stomatal closure to control water loss. ZmPIF1 can enhance water saving and drought resistance and improve the crop yield in rice, illustrating the capacity of ZmPIF1 for crop improvement.
Convergence Analysis of MCMC Algorithms for Bayesian Multivariate Linear Regression with Non‐Gaussian Errors
Authors: Hobert James P. , Jung Yeun Ji , Khare Kshitij , Qin Qian 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWhen Gaussian errors are inappropriate in a multivariate linear regression setting, it is often assumed that the errors are iid from a distribution that is a scale mixture of multivariate normals. Combining this robust regression model with a default prior on the unknown parameters results in a highly intractable posterior density. Fortunately, there is a simple data augmentation (DA) algorithm and a corresponding Haar PX‐DA algorithm that can be used to explore this posterior. This paper provides conditions (on the mixing density) for geometric ergodicity of the Markov chains underlying these Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms. Lettingddenote the dimension of the response, the main result shows that the DA and Haar PX‐DA Markov chains are geometrically ergodic whenever the mixing density is generalized inverse Gaussian, log‐normal, inverted Gamma (with shape parameter larger thand/2) or Fréchet (with shape parameter larger thand/2). The results also apply to certain subsets of the Gamma,Fand Weibull families.
Use of digital image correlation to measure strain recovery in particle toughened thermoset resins
Authors: Salmon Guzman F. , Jackson M. , Jones S. , Tomlinson R. A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA methodology for finding the yield point of epoxy resins, both neat and particulate toughened, is described. Trends of the effect that particulate filling has on the time dependent response of these materials were constructed from observations made with stereo‐based digital image correlation (3D–DIC), namely, creep and stress relaxation at constant load. The use of 3D–DIC also enabled the observation of differences in deformation mechanisms resulting from the particle addition. The focus is put on the technique's potential to characterise materials and produce clear relationships between composition and mechanical strain response. The methodology proposed herein allows the observation and study of multiple deformation mechanisms from a single test, and thus can potentially minimise the number of specimens needed for a comprehensive test campaign.
Acquisition of a Novel Sulfur-Oxidizing Symbiont in the Gutless Marine Worm Inanidrilus exumae
Authors: Bergin C. , Wentrup C. , Brewig N. , Blazejak A. , Erséus C. , Giere O. , Schmid M. , De Wit P. , Dubilier N. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

Gutless phallodrilines are marine annelid worms without a mouth or gut, which live in an obligate association with multiple bacterial endosymbionts that supply them with nutrition. In this study, we discovered an unusual symbiont community in the gutless phallodriline
Inanidrilus exumae
that differs markedly from the microbiomes of all 22 of the other host species examined. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and fluorescence
in situ
hybridization revealed that
I. exumae
harbors cooccurring gamma-, alpha-, and deltaproteobacterial symbionts, while all other known host species harbor gamma- and either alpha- or deltaproteobacterial symbionts. Surprisingly, the primary chemoautotrophic sulfur oxidizer “
Candidatus
Thiosymbion” that occurs in all other gutless phallodriline hosts does not appear to be present in
I. exumae
. Instead,
I. exumae
harbors a bacterial endosymbiont that resembles “
Ca
. Thiosymbion” morphologically and metabolically but originates from a novel lineage within the class
Gammaproteobacteria
. This endosymbiont, named Gamma 4 symbiont here, had a 16S rRNA gene sequence that differed by at least 7% from those of other free-living and symbiotic bacteria and by 10% from that of “
Ca
. Thiosymbion.” Sulfur globules in the Gamma 4 symbiont cells, as well as the presence of genes characteristic for autotrophy (
cbbL
) and sulfur oxidation (
aprA
), indicate that this symbiont is a chemoautotrophic sulfur oxidizer. Our results suggest that a novel lineage of free-living bacteria was able to establish a stable and specific association with
I. exumae
and appears to have displaced the “
Ca
. Thiosymbion” symbionts originally associated with these hosts.

IMPORTANCE
All 22 gutless marine phallodriline species examined to date live in a highly specific association with endosymbiotic, chemoautotrophic sulfur oxidizers called “
Ca
. Thiosymbion.” These symbionts evolved from a single common ancestor and represent the ancestral trait for this host group. They are transmitted vertically and assumed to be in transition to becoming obligate endosymbionts. It is therefore surprising that despite this ancient, evolutionary relationship between phallodriline hosts and “
Ca
. Thiosymbion,” these symbionts are apparently no longer present in
Inanidrilus exumae
. They appear to have been displaced by a novel lineage of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria only very distantly related to “
Ca
. Thiosymbion.” Thus, this study highlights the remarkable plasticity of both animals and bacteria in establishing beneficial associations: the phallodriline hosts were able to acquire and maintain symbionts from two very different lineages of bacteria, while sulfur-oxidizing bacteria from two very distantly related lineages were able to independently establish symbiotic relationships with phallodriline hosts.
Simulating the impact of excise taxation for disease prevention in low-income and middle-income countries: an application to South Africa
Authors: Stacey Nicholas , Summan Amit , Tugendhaft Aviva , Laxminarayan Ramanan , Hofman Karen 
Published: January 2018

IntroductionExcise taxes are policy tools that have been applied internationally with some success to reduce consumption of products adversely impacting population health including tobacco, alcohol and increasingly junk foods and sugary beverages. As in other low-income and middle-income countries, South Africa faces a growing burden of lifestyle diseases; accordingly we simulate the impact of multiple excise tax interventions in this setting.MethodsWe construct a mathematical model to simulate the health and revenue effects of increased excise taxes, which is adaptable to a variety of settings given its limited data requirements. Applying the model to South Africa, we simulate the impact of increased tax rates on tobacco and beer and of the introduction of a tax on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB). Drawing on surveys of product usage and risk factor prevalence, the model uses a potential impact fraction to simulate the health effects of tax interventions.ResultsAdopting an excise rate of 60% on tobacco would result in a gain of 858 923 life-years (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 480 188 to 1 310 329), while adopting an excise rate of 25% on beer would result in a gain of 568 063 life-years (95% UI 412 110 to 775 560) and the adoption of a 20% tax on SSBs would result in a gain of 688 719 life-years (95% UI 321 788 to 1 079 653).ConclusionMore aggressive excise tax policies on tobacco, beer and SSBs in South Africa could result in meaningful improvements in population health and raised revenue.