bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leaf and canopy scale drivers of genotypic variation in soybean response to elevated carbon dioxide concentration
Authors: Sanz‐Sáez Álvaro , Koester Robert P. , Rosenthal David M. , Montes Christopher M. , Ort Donald R. , Ainsworth Elizabeth A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe atmospheric [CO2] in which crops grow today is greater than at any point in their domestication history and represents an opportunity for positive effects on seed yield that can counteract the negative effects of greater heat and drought this century. In order to maximize yields under future atmospheric [CO2], we need to identify and study crop cultivars that respond most favorably to elevated [CO2] and understand the mechanisms contributing to their responsiveness. Soybean (Glycine max Merr.) is a widely grown oilseed crop and shows genetic variation in response to elevated [CO2]. However, few studies have studied the physiological basis for this variation. Here, we examined canopy light interception, photosynthesis, respiration and radiation use efficiency along with yield and yield parameters in two cultivars of soybean (Loda and HS93‐4118) previously reported to have similar seed yield at ambient [CO2], but contrasting responses to elevated [CO2]. Seed yield increased by 26% at elevated [CO2] (600 μmol/mol) in the responsive cultivar Loda, but only by 11% in HS93‐4118. Canopy light interception and leaf area index were greater in HS93‐4118 in ambient [CO2], but increased more in response to elevated [CO2] in Loda. Radiation use efficiency and harvest index were also greater in Loda than HS93‐4118 at both ambient and elevated [CO2]. Daily C assimilation was greater at elevated [CO2] in both cultivars, while stomatal conductance was lower. Electron transport capacity was also greater in Loda than HS93‐4118, but there was no difference in the response of photosynthetic traits to elevated [CO2] in the two cultivars. Overall, this greater understanding of leaf‐ and canopy‐level photosynthetic traits provides a strong conceptual basis for modeling genotypic variation in response to elevated [CO2].
Scale‐dependent complementarity of climatic velocity and environmental diversity for identifying priority areas for conservation under climate change
Authors: Carroll Carlos , Roberts David R. , Michalak Julia L. , Lawler Joshua J. , Nielsen Scott E. , Stralberg Diana , Hamann Andreas , Mcrae Brad H. , Wang Tongli 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAs most regions of the earth transition to altered climatic conditions, new methods are needed to identify refugia and other areas whose conservation would facilitate persistence of biodiversity under climate change. We compared several common approaches to conservation planning focused on climate resilience over a broad range of ecological settings across North America and evaluated how commonalities in the priority areas identified by different methods varied with regional context and spatial scale. Our results indicate that priority areas based on different environmental diversity metrics differed substantially from each other and from priorities based on spatiotemporal metrics such as climatic velocity. Refugia identified by diversity or velocity metrics were not strongly associated with the current protected area system, suggesting the need for additional conservation measures including protection of refugia. Despite the inherent uncertainties in predicting future climate, we found that variation among climatic velocities derived from different general circulation models and emissions pathways was less than the variation among the suite of environmental diversity metrics. To address uncertainty created by this variation, planners can combine priorities identified by alternative metrics at a single resolution and downweight areas of high variation between metrics. Alternately, coarse‐resolution velocity metrics can be combined with fine‐resolution diversity metrics in order to leverage the respective strengths of the two groups of metrics as tools for identification of potential macro‐ and microrefugia that in combination maximize both transient and long‐term resilience to climate change. Planners should compare and integrate approaches that span a range of model complexity and spatial scale to match the range of ecological and physical processes influencing persistence of biodiversity and identify a conservation network resilient to threats operating at multiple scales.
Changes in nutritive value and herbage yield during extended growth intervals in grass–legume mixtures: effects of species, maturity at harvest, and relationships between productivity and components of feed quality
Authors: Elgersma A. , Søegaard K. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThere is a lack of information on the effects of companion species in grass–legume mixtures on herbage yield and quality changes during prolonged growth. Such information is relevant for harvest planning and estimation of consequences for feeding value of conserved feed when harvesting is delayed. Perennial ryegrass was sown with each of four legumes: red clover, white clover, lucerne and birdsfoot trefoil, and white clover was sown with hybrid ryegrass, meadow fescue and timothy. Effects of species composition on herbage yield, contents of N, neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and lignin, ash and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) were studied in entire herbage and in component species during 2 years in a small‐plot cutting trial in Denmark. In May and August, the dynamic development of components of feed value and their interrelationships were investigated by sampling at optimum harvest date (i.e., normal practice) ± 1 week (t = −1 to t = +1). Herbage digestibility and contents of N and ash decreased while those of fibre compounds increased during the 2 weeks from t = −1 to t = 1 in all species. In May, contents of ADF and lignin increased at a faster rate in legumes than in grasses; in August, NDF and ADF increased most quickly in legumes. Generally, N contents and IVOMD declined at similar rates in grasses and legumes, but, within each group, differences in yield and quality development occurred among species. The relationship between weekly growth rate and change in quality parameters differed among species and functional groups, i.e., grasses and legumes. Results are discussed in the context of quantifying the impact of delaying the harvest date of grass–legume mixtures and relationships between productivity and components of feed quality.
NACHLASSBEWUSSTSEIN IN DER GEGENWARTSLITERATUR: NOTIZEN ZU EINER ARCHIVEXPEDITION IM VORLASS VON DURS GRÜNBEIN*
Authors: Vecchiato Daniele 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThe present contribution offers a first philological description of Durs Grünbein's ‘Vorlass’ at the German Literature Archive in Marbach, and examines in particular the palimpsest‐like modus operandi of the poet, which aims at documenting every step in the genesis of his texts. Moving from the analysis of different papers from the time before and after Grünbein's literary consecration, the article poses the question of the author's consciousness about his future literary estate (‘Nachlassbewusstsein’). Special attention is thereby given to the self‐archiving strategies he deploys as well as to the interpretational hints he seems to disseminate in his documents for later philology. Furthermore, the fact that as yet unpublished texts can be found in the ‘Vorlässe’ of contemporary writers encourages philologists to conceive of the literary estate more widely as a place where not only the past and posthumous, but also the current and anthumous dwell.Der vorliegende Beitrag bietet eine erste philologische Beschreibung des Vorlasses von Durs Grünbein im Deutschen Literaturarchiv Marbach und analysiert insbesondere die ‘palimpsestartige’ Arbeitsweise des Dichters, die auf die Dokumentation jeder einzelnen Stufe der Textentstehung gerichtet ist. Am Beispiel verschiedener Archivalien aus den Jahren vor und nach Grünbeins literarischer Konsekration wird der Frage nachgegangen, inwiefern von einem ‘Nachlassbewusstsein’ des Autors die Rede sein kann. Dabei werden Strategien der Selbstarchivierung und der Interpretationssteuerung durch Archivalien präsentiert. Zum Schluss wird über die Tatsache reflektiert, dass immer häufiger Werke von Gegenwartsautoren bereits vor ihrer Veröffentlichung in Archiven eintreffen. Dies erfordert eine Erweiterung des Nachlass‐Begriffs, der nicht nur als Ort des Vergangenen und Posthumen, sondern auch als einer des Aktuellen und Anthumen verstanden werden soll.
Interim therapeutic restoration approach versus treatment under general anaesthesia approach
Authors: Lim Songping Nicholas , Kiang Leroy , Manohara Ranjan , Tong Huei Jinn , Nair Rahul , Hong Catherine , Hu Shijia 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundAlthough dental treatment under general anaesthesia (GA) remains the long‐established approach for treating anxious children, treatment under GA presents with increased risks, costs and parental acceptability issues. Interim therapeutic restoration (ITR) has been proposed as an alternative approach.AimTo compare the incidence and types of failures between children managed with the ITR approach and those managed under GA within 12 months of treatment completion.DesignA retrospective cohort study of children who received dental treatment utilizing the ITR approach was compared to children treated under GA. Age, gender and dental disease matching was done. Statistical analyses were carried out with Independent t‐test and chi‐square analyses.ResultsA total of 132 children (GA = 66, ITR = 66) were included, and the groups did not differ in terms of initial age, sex, dmft and initial behaviour score. ITR group had a significantly higher rate (P < 0.001; 95% CI: [0.21 to 0.97]) of restorative failure and visits required when compared to the GA group. There were no difference for incidence of pain (P = 0.55; 95% CI: [−0.074 to 0.10]) and behaviour scores (P = 0.46) between the two groups at the 12‐month visit.ConclusionsITR approach may be a viable alternative to the GA approach when treating paediatric dental patients.
Synthesis and characterization of iodosodalite
Authors: Chong Saehwa , Peterson Jacob , Nam Junghune , Riley Brian , McCloy John 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe effects of six process variables were investigated on the hydrothermal growth of iodosodalite, Na8Al6Si6O24I2: pH (NaOH concentration), aging time, temperature, Al/Si ratio, precursors used (i.e., zeolite 4A, kaolinite, meta‐kaolin, colloidal silica, and sodium aluminate), and precursor concentration. Powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) with Rietveld refinements, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed to characterize the structures, phase fractions, chemical state, and surface morphology of the synthesized products. Iodosodalite yield increased as aging time and pH increased. The crystallization of iodosodalite was favored in the temperature range 140°C‐180°C. Decreasing the Al/Si ratio by half increased the crystallization of basic cancrinite. Lowering the precursor concentration by adding water revealed the crystallization of nepheline hydrate I and a decrease in the sodalite fraction. Among the tested precursors, zeolite 4A yielded the highest mass fraction of iodosodalite in the synthesized powders. From the aging time and temperature variation experiments, the phase transformation of zeolite A→sodalite→cancrinite was observed. XPS and FTIR results showed the presence of only iodide but not iodate in the synthesized product. The crystallization of various minerals suggests that mechanisms for transport of the ions and formation of the aluminosilicate frameworks vary with hydrothermal conditions.
Dietary epigallocatechin 3‐gallate supplement improves maternal and neonatal treatment outcome of gestational diabetes mellitus: a double‐blind randomised controlled trial
Authors: Zhang H. , Su S. , Yu X. , Li Y. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an increasing prevalent health risk in pregnant women. Epigallocatechin 3‐gallate (EGCG) is known to benefit the insulin secretory machinery. We aimed to investigate the effect of daily dietary EGCG supplementation on both the maternal and neonatal treatment outcomes in GDM‐affected pregnancies.MethodsIn total, 472 pregnant women during their third trimester of pregnancy were diagnosed with GDM and subsequently enrolled into this trial. After exclusion, 404 patients were randomly assigned into EGCG and placebo study groups and subsequently administered either 500 mg of EGCG or placebo, respectively, on a daily basis until full term. The daily nutritional intake of all patients was monitored throughout the study. Maternal diabetic parameters at baseline and full term, including metabolism of glucose and insulin, as well as neonatal symptoms at birth, including birth weight, macrosomia, hypoglycaemia, respiratory distress and Apgar scores, were analysed.ResultsIn total, 176 and 150 patients from the EGCG and placebo study groups, respectively, completed the trial. Patients from the EGCG group displayed significantly improved maternal diabetic parameters, and fewer cases of neonatal complications, compared to the placebo group.ConclusionsDaily dietary EGCG supplement improves both maternal and neonatal treatment outcomes of GDM.
Shearing interference microscope for step‐height measurements
Authors: TRỊNH HƯNG‐XUÂN , LIN SHYH‐TSONG , CHEN LIANG‐CHIA , YEH SHENG‐LIH , CHEN CHIN‐SHENG , HOANG HONG‐HAI 
Published: March 2017

SummaryA shearing interference microscope using a Savart prism as the shear plate is proposed for inspecting step‐heights. Where the light beam propagates through the Savart prism and microscopic system to illuminate the sample, it then turns back to re‐pass through the Savart prism and microscopic system to generate a shearing interference pattern on the camera. Two measurement modes, phase‐shifting and phase‐scanning, can be utilized to determine the depths of the step‐heights on the sample. The first mode, which employs a narrowband source, is based on the five‐step phase‐shifting algorithm and has a measurement range of a quarter‐wavelength. The second mode, which adopts a broadband source, is based on peak‐intensity identification technology and has a measurement range up to a few micrometres. This paper is to introduce the configuration and measurement theory of this microscope, perform a setup used to implement it, and present the experimental results from the uses of the setup. The results not only verify the validity but also confirm the high measurement repeatability of the proposed microscope.
A 3D imaging and visualization workflow, using confocal microscopy and advanced image processing for brachyuran crab larvae
Authors: KAMANLI S.A. , KIHARA T.C. , BALL A.D. , MORRITT D. , CLARK P.F. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryConfocal laser scanning microscopy is an excellent tool for nondestructive imaging of arthropods and can provide detailed information on morphology including fine surface detail. A methodology is presented here for the visualization by confocal microscopy of arthropods, using brachyuran crab zoeal stages as examples and postprocessing techniques derived from micro‐CT protocols to improve the final images. This protocol is divided into description of the preprocessing steps (cleaning, staining, digesting and mounting), confocal laser scanning microscopy and data visualization using open‐source, freeware programs ImageJ and Drishti. The advantages of using ImageJ to standardize stack data and Drishti for surface rendering are discussed. The methodology has been comprehensively tested using data acquired from all four brands of confocal microscope (Leica, Nikon, Olympus and Zeiss).
Hepcidin attenuates amyloid beta‐induced inflammatory and pro‐oxidant responses in astrocytes and microglia
Authors: Urrutia Pamela J. , Hirsch Etienne C. , González‐Billault Christian , Núñez Marco T. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by extracellular senile plaques, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, and neuronal death. Aggregated amyloid‐β (Aβ) induces inflammation and oxidative stress, which have pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of AD. Hepcidin is a key regulator of systemic iron homeostasis. Recently, an anti‐inflammatory response to hepcidin was reported in macrophages. Under the hypothesis that hepcidin mediates anti‐inflammatory response in the brain, in this study, we evaluated the putative anti‐inflammatory role of hepcidin on Aβ‐activated astrocytes and microglia. Primary culture of astrocytes and microglia were treated with Aβ, with or without hepcidin, and cytokine levels were then evaluated. In addition, the toxicity of Aβ‐treated astrocyte‐ or microglia‐conditioned media was tested on neurons, evaluating cellular death and oxidative stress generation. Finally, mice were injected in the right lateral ventricle with Aβ, with or without hepcidin, and hippocampus glial activation and oxidative stress were evaluated. Pre‐treatment with hepcidin reduced the expression and secretion of TNF‐α and IL‐6 in astrocytes and microglia treated with Aβ. Hepcidin also reduced neurotoxicity and oxidative damage triggered by conditioned media obtained from astrocytes and microglia treated with Aβ. Stereotaxic intracerebral injection of hepcidin reduced glial activation and oxidative damage triggered by Aβ injection in mice. Overall, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that in astrocytes and microglia hepcidin down‐regulates the inflammatory and pro‐oxidant processes induced by Aβ, thus protecting neighboring neurons. This is a newly described property of hepcidin in the central nervous system, which may be relevant for the development of strategies to prevent the neurodegenerative process associated with AD.
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Serotonergic transmission at Merkel discs: modulation by exogenously applied chemical messengers and involvement of Ih currents
Authors: Chang Weipang , Kanda Hirosato , Ikeda Ryo , Ling Jennifer , Gu Jianguo G. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe Merkel disc is a main type of tactile end organ consisting of Merkel cells and Aβ‐afferent endings that responds to tactile stimulation with slowly adapting type 1 (SA1) afferent impulses. Our recent study has shown that Merkel discs in whisker hair follicles are serotonergic synapses using endogenous serotonin to transmit tactile signals from Merkel cells to Aβ‐afferent endings. In this study, we hypothesize that tactile sensitivity of Merkel discs can be modulated by chemical messengers. We tested this hypothesis by determining whether and how SA1 responses of mouse whisker hair follicles may be affected by exogenously applied chemical messengers. We found that SA1 responses were potentiated by serotonin at low concentration (10 μM) but almost completely occluded by serotonin at high concentration (2 mM). In contrast, SA1 responses were not significantly affected by ATP and its metabolically stable analog α,β‐methylene‐ATP, glutamate, γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), and histamine. SA1 responses were also not affected by antagonists for P2X receptors, ionotropic glutamate receptors, and ionotropic GABA and glycine receptors. Whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings reconfirm the presence of both ionotropic and metabotropic 5‐HT receptors on afferent neurons and their terminals innervating whisker hair follicles. All whisker afferent neurons expressed hyperpolarization‐activated inward currents (Ih), which are potentiated by serotonin through the activation of metabotropic 5‐HT receptors. Taken together, the findings substantiate the serotonergic mechanism of tactile transmission at Merkel discs and identify the involvement of Ih currents in postsynaptic excitatory actions of serotonin. In addition, the findings do not favor any significant involvement of ATP, glutamate, histamine, GABA, or glycine in tactile transmission at the Merkel discs of whisker hair follicles.
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Astragaloside II sensitizes human hepatocellular carcinoma cells to 5-fluorouracil via suppression of autophagy
Authors: Wang Meng , Huang Can , Su Yong , Yang Cui , Xia Quan , Xu Du-juan 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Objectives
Inhibition of autophagy has been increasingly recognized as a potential therapeutic approach against cancer. Our previous reports showed that Astragaloside II improves hepatic cancer cells resistance by downregulating MDR1 and P-gp .The purpose of this study was to further investigated the effect of autophagy on AS-II reversing multidrug resistance and its molecular mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro.

Methods
Bel-7402 and Bel-7402/FU cell lines were used in this study. Western blot was used to detect the expression of autophagy-related protein, p-mTOR and p-p79s6k, MTT was used to analyse cell viability, GFP-LC3 punctate dots distribution was observed by GFP-LC3 transient transfection under fluorescence microscopy and silencing of autophagy-related genes was detected by small interfering RNA transfection.

Key findings
Astragaloside II was able to significantly decrease the expression of LC3-II and Beclin-1 in a dose-dependent manner, Astragaloside II (80 μm) further decreased LC3-II formation, Beclin-1 and GFP-LC3 puncta dots stimulated with 5-fluorouracil (0.2 mm) in Bel-7402/FU cells (P &lt; 0.05). In addition, Astragaloside II is capable of sensitizing cells to 5-fluorouracil-induced cell death via inhibition of pro-survival autophagy involvement of MAPK-mTOR pathway.

Conclusions
These findings suggested that Astragaloside II could suppress autophagy by interfering with Beclin-1 and LC3 via MAPK-mTOR pathway, through which sensitized human cancer resistant cells to 5-FU-induced cell death.
Impact of diet on faecal output and caecotroph consumption in rabbits
Authors: Meredith A. L. , Prebble J. L. 
Published: March 2017

Objectives
To assess the impact of four rabbit diets (hay only, extruded diet with hay, muesli with hay and muesli only) on faecal pellet size, faecal output and caecotrophy.Materials and Methods
Thirty‐two Dutch rabbits were studied over 17 months. Faecal pellet size and weight were measured in weeks 3, 9, 21 and 43 and faecal output in weeks 10, 22 and 45. Number of uneaten caecotrophs was recorded weekly.Results
Faecal pellets were consistently smaller and lighter in rabbits fed muesli only, and the size of pellets produced by those fed muesli with hay decreased over the course of the study. Faecal output was greatest in rabbits with the highest hay intake. Uneaten caecotrophs were found in greatest frequency in rabbits fed muesli.Clinical Significance
Muesli diets have a negative effect on faecal output and caecotroph ingestion and may therefore predispose to digestive disorders. Higher hay intake is associated with greater faecal output and fewer uneaten caecotrophs and may assist in preventing the gastrointestinal stasis.
A Journey to the Musée du quai Branly: The Anthropology of a Visit
Authors: Debary Octave , Roustan Mélanie 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis article is an ethnographic account of visitors’ reception of the Musée du quai Branly in Paris, France. The museum, opened in 2006 as part of a renewal of French ethnographic museums, presents works from Africa, the Americas, Asia, and Oceania that were collected in colonial contexts. Based on interviews and observations of museum staff and visitors, we describe the scenography as an invitation to a journey that leads visitors to feel a sense of disorientation. The visit raises important questions about art and material culture, which we explore in the second part about the nature of the objects. The museum proposes no answers nor provides any historical contextualization, with the effect being that the “others” have vanished. Their objects are conserved in a place where visitors simultaneously encounter “others” and their disappearance. In the museum's silence, its method of display constructs the way visitors establish the connection between the exhibition and French colonialism.