bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Swimming with the Salamander: A community eco-performance project
Authors: Kuppers Petra 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This article uses community writing to explore the ethics and engagements of the Salamander Project, an eco-performance project by The Olimpias, a disability culture collective. In the project, disabled people went swimming together and explored themes of stricture and freedom, access and play, biodiversity and border creatures, hanging out together in the wild..
Looking outside education: Expanding our thinking about moving research into practice
Authors: Schneider Jack 
Published: December 2015

This essay explores the usefulness of looking outside of education for inspiration, particularly with regard to seemingly intractable issues that have been resigned to the margins. First, it proposes that, rather than comparing education to medicine and law—the traditional comparison fields for education—we turn instead to the “helping fields” of nursing and social work, which seem to offer better parallels. Then it considers a test case: the stalled conversation around linking research and practice in education. Finally, the work offers a model framework of the sort that might be generated through such cross-field analysis—one for organizing our thinking about what matters in moving research into practice in education.
CFD Simulation and Optimization of Very Low Head Axial Flow Turbine Runner
Authors: Tobo Yohannis Mitiku , Ramayya A. Venkata , Tibba Getachew Shunki 
Published: December 2015

The main objective of this work is Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modelling, simulation and optimization of very low head axial flow turbine runner to be used to drive a centrifugal pump of turbine-driven pump. The ultimate goal of the optimization is to produce a power of 1kW at head less than 1m from flowing river to drive centrifugal pump using mechanical coupling (speed multiplier gear) directly. Flow rate, blade numbers, turbine rotational speed, inlet angle are parameters used in CFD modeling, simulation and design optimization of the turbine runner. The computed results show that power developed by a turbine runner increases with increasing flow rate. Pressure inside the turbine runner increases with flow rate but, runner efficiency increases for some flow rate and almost constant thereafter. Efficiency and power developed by a runner drops quickly if turbine speed increases due to higher pressure losses and conversion of pressure energy to kinetic energy inside the runner. Increasing blade number increases power developed but, efficiency does not increase always. Efficiency increases for some blade number and drops down due to the fact that change in direction of the relative flow vector at the runner exit, which decreases the net rotational momentum and increases the axial flow velocity.
Combustion of Pure, Hydrolyzed and Methyl Ester Formed of Jatropha Curcas Lin oil
Authors: Muhaji Muhaji , Wardana I.N.G , Yulianti Y , Nursasongko M 
Published: December 2015

The density and viscosity of vegetable oil are higher than that of diesel oil. Thus its direct combustion in the diesel engine results many problems. This research was conducted to investigate the flame characteristics of combustion of jatropha curcas lin in pure, hydrolyzed and methyl ester form. The results indicated that the combustion of pure jatropha curcas lin occurs in three stages, hydrolyzed in two stages and methyl ester in one stage. For pure jatropha curcas lin, in the first stage, unsaturated fatty acid burned for 0.265 s. It is followed by saturated fatty acid, burned for 0.389 s in the second stage. And, in the last stage is the burned of glycerol for 0.560 s. Meanwhile for hydrolyzed one, in the first stage, unsaturated fatty acid burned for 0.736 s, followed by saturated fatty acid, burned for 0.326 s in the second stage. And the last, for methyl ester is the burned for 0.712 s. The highest burning rate was for methyl ester which was 0.003931cc/s. The energy releasing rate of methyl ester, which was for 13,628.67 kcal/(kg.s) resembled that of diesel oil the most, while the lowest rate was for pure jatropha curcas lin which was 8,200.94 kcal/(kg.s). In addition, massive explosion occurred in the fuel containing unsaturated fatty acid and glycerol
Latitudinal gradients in ecosystem engineering by oysters vary across habitats
Authors: McAfee Dominic , Cole Victoria J. , Bishop Melanie J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractEcological theory predicts that positive interactions among organisms will increase across gradients of increasing abiotic stress or consumer pressure. This theory has been supported by empirical studies examining the magnitude of ecosystem engineering across environmental gradients and between habitat settings at local scale. Predictions that habitat setting, by modifying both biotic and abiotic factors, will determine large‐scale gradients in ecosystem engineering have not been tested, however. A combination of manipulative experiments and field surveys assessed whether along the east Australian coastline: (1) facilitation of invertebrates by the oyster Saccostrea glomerata increased across a latitudinal gradient in temperature; and (2) the magnitude of this effect varied between intertidal rocky shores and mangrove forests. It was expected that on rocky shores, where oysters are the primary ecosystem engineer, they would play a greater role in ameliorating latitudinal gradients in temperature than in mangroves, where they are a secondary ecosystem engineer living under the mangrove canopy. On rocky shores, the enhancement of invertebrate abundance in oysters as compared to bare microhabitat decreased with latitude, as the maximum temperatures experienced by intertidal organisms diminished. By contrast, in mangrove forests, where the mangrove canopy resulted in maximum temperatures that were cooler and of greater humidity than on rocky shores, we found no evidence of latitudinal gradients of oyster effects on invertebrate abundance. Contrary to predictions, the magnitude by which oysters enhanced biodiversity was in many instances similar between mangroves and rocky shores. Whether habitat‐context modifies patterns of spatial variation in the effects of ecosystem engineers on community structure will depend, in part, on the extent to which the environmental amelioration provided by an ecosystem engineer replicates that of other co‐occurring ecosystem engineers.
Ice thickness of the northern half of the Patagonia Icefields of South America from high‐resolution airborne gravity surveys
Authors: Gourlet P. , Rignot E. , Rivera A. , Casassa G. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe employ high‐resolution, high‐precision, helicopter‐borne gravity observations of the Northern (NPI) and Southern Patagonia Icefields (SPI), South America, to infer ice thickness and bed topography using a three‐dimensional model constrained by Fjord and lake bathymetry, and a land‐ice mask. The results reveal thicker ice than the reflecting horizon of radar sounders, with 1 km deep ice for Glaciar San Rafael and Colonia (NPI) and 1.5 km deep ice for Glaciar Occidental (SPI). These bedrock troughs channelize fast motion of ice from the plateaus. Combining ice motion and thickness, we calculate balance accumulation levels of 3–6 m/yr water equivalent for the plateaus. Bed elevation remains below sea/lake level 15–20 km inland for Jorge Montt and O'Higgins, which favors retreat, and is at sea level for San Rafael, which halted its retreat. The results demonstrate the utility of airborne gravity surveys for providing critical data on ice volume, bed elevation, and balance accumulation of temperate ice masses.
Discrimination of biogenic and detrital magnetite through a double Verwey transition temperature
Authors: Chang Liao , Heslop David , Roberts Andrew P. , Rey Daniel , Mohamed Kais J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMagnetite occurs widely in natural environments in both inorganic and biogenic forms. Discrimination of the origin of magnetite has important implications, from searching for past microbial activity to interpreting paleomagnetic and environmental magnetic records in a wide range of settings. In this study, we present rock magnetic and electron microscopic analyses of marine sediments from the continental margin of Oman. Low‐temperature magnetic data reveal two distinct Verwey transition (Tv) temperatures that are associated with the presence of biogenic and inorganic magnetite. This interpretation is consistent with room temperature magnetic properties and is confirmed by electron microscopic analyses. Our study justifies the use of two distinct Tv temperatures as a diagnostic signature for discriminating inorganic and biogenic magnetite. Simple low‐temperature magnetic measurements, therefore, provide a tool to recognize rapidly the origin of magnetite within natural samples. In addition, our analyses reveal progressive down‐core dissolution of detrital and biogenic magnetite, but with preservation of significant amounts of fine‐grained magnetite within sediments that have been subjected to severe diagenetic alteration. We demonstrate that preservation of magnetite in such environments is due to protection of fine‐grained magnetite inclusions within silicate hosts. Our results, therefore, also provide new insights into diagenetic processes in marine sediments.
Possible mechanism of abrupt jump in winter surface air temperature in the late 1980s over the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Kim Yeon‐Hee , Kim Maeng‐Ki , Lau William K. M. , Kim Kyu‐Myong , Cho Chun‐Ho 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPossible cause of an abrupt warming in winter mean surface air temperature in the midlatitudes of the Northern Hemisphere in the late 1980s is investigated using observation and reanalysis data. To determine the timing of abrupt warming, we use a regime shift index based on detection of the largest significant differences between the mean values of two contiguous periods. Results show that the abrupt warming occurred in association with a regime shift after the 1980's in which the zonal mean sea level pressure (SLP) is significantly increased (decreased) at the latitude 25–35°N (60–70°N), in the form of north‐south dipole‐like SLP anomaly spanning the subtropics and high latitude. The dipole SLP anomaly can be attributed to a northward expansion of Hadley cell, a poleward broadening and intensification of the Ferrel cell, coupled with a collapse of polar cell. During the abrupt warming, strong anomalous southerly warm advection at the surface was induced by an enhanced and expanded Ferrel circulation, in association with a northward and downward shift of maximum center of northward eddy heat flux over the midlatitudes. An intensification of polar jet subsequent to regime shift may be instrumental in sustaining the warming up to more than 5 years.
Menu‐Labeling Formats and Their Impact on Dietary Quality
Authors: Streletskaya Nadia A. , Amatyakul Wansopin , Rusmevichientong Pimbucha , Kaiser Harry M. , Liaukonyte Jura 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThe impact of three menu‐labeling formats on changes in dietary quality of an away‐from‐home meal is measured. The analysis is based on a lunchtime experiment using 232 student participants, with a control group and three treatments: (1) a calorie‐content posting, (2) a complete nutrition‐facts panel, and (3) health‐related claims. We find that the calorie content posting lead to the highest calorie reduction, but it was also the only treatment associated with a significant reduction in the fiber content of the meal. The complete nutrition‐facts panel treatment resulted in most sizable decreases in problematic nutrient content such as empty calories and calories from fat and added sugar. The health‐related claims treatment led to a reduction in carbohydrates and calories from fat. The nutrient density of selected meals remained mostly unchanged across all treatments, but the empty calories proportion of total calories was reduced in the nutrition‐facts and health‐related claims treatments, with the latter also leading to some reduction in added sugar density. [EconLit citations: I12, I18, Q18].
Beyond catecholamines: Measuring autonomic responses to psychosocial context
Authors: DeCaro Jason A. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTDespite longstanding interest among human biologists in autonomic responses to socioecological context or culture change, the adoption of autonomic measures has been limited by methodological challenges. Catecholamine secretion is the most direct measure, but not all study designs are amenable to urinary sampling, and blood pressure lacks specificity to the parasympathetic or sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. This article reviews three alternative approaches for measuring autonomic responses: salivary α‐amylase as a nonspecific autonomic marker, respiratory sinus arrhythmia as a specific parasympathetic marker, and the pre‐ejection period as a specific sympathetic marker. Study design considerations are discussed in detail, including ambulatory sampling protocols that permit the evaluation of autonomic responses to everyday life. Researchers interested in how culture and social experience “get under the skin,” as well as those concerned with the evolution of social engagement, can benefit from these well‐validated biomarkers that are nevertheless relatively novel in human biology. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:309–317, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Silica‐based self‐healing microcapsules for self‐repair in concrete
Authors: Tan Noel Peter Bengzon , Keung Lok Hang , Choi Wing Ho , Lam Wai Chak , Leung Hei Nga 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTNew self‐healing material for concrete repair has been fabricated through microencapsulation of silica sol via interfacial polymerization of poly(urea‐urethane). Smooth, uniform, and spherical capsules of 60–120 µm sizes were synthesized and optimized by studying the emulsification and polymerization steps of its synthesis. A hydrophile–lyophile balance (HLB) value of 3.0–5.0 and a rotational speed of 500 rpm were necessary to produce a stable emulsion system of silica sol in surfactants. The polymerization speed of 900 rpm and the methylene diisocyanate (MDI) monomer content of 15 wt % were both significant in getting the right size and smoothness of the microcapsules. With this method and cheap healing agents, industrial scale‐up is highly possible. The viscoelastic properties of the microcapsules were examined, and further characterizations were carried out through scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. After healing the microcracks in concrete, the results showed that the significant increase of compressive and bending strengths manifested the self‐healing ability of the microcapsules in concrete. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43090.
Synthesis of poly(propylene carbonate) from highly active, inexpensive achiral (Salph)Co(III)X as initiator and bis(triphenyl phosphine) iminium as co‐initiator
Authors: Narang Shilpa , Macova Eva , Berek Dušan , Upadhyay S. N. , Mehta Rajeev 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTCopolymerization of carbon dioxide with racemic propylene oxide has been investigated in the presence of an inexpensive achiral (Salph)Co(III)X [Salph is N,N′‐bis(3,5‐di‐tert‐butylsalicylidene) phenylenediimine and X is pentaflorobenzoate] as initiator and [PPN]+Cl− ([PPN] is bis(triphenylphosphine) iminium) as co‐initiator. Effects of monomer‐to‐initiator ratio, initiator/co‐initiator ratio, and reaction conditions like stirring rate, temperature, and pressure of CO2 on the molecular weight, yield, and selectivity of poly(propylene carbonate) over propylene carbonate have been studied. The initiator used in the study has been found to be highly active at milder conditions of pressure and temperature, giving a product with maximum Mw of 14.8 × 103 g/mol at 25 bar and 50°C. The conversion increases with an increase in stirring rate and then becomes almost constant at 1100 rpm and above, indicating that the reaction is no longer limited by mass transfer. The molecular weight Mw of the polymer has been found to increase with increasing monomer‐to‐initiator ratio up to 3000:1, but it starts decreasing with a further increase in monomer‐to‐initiator ratio, giving a polymer of lower Mw. The activity of the initiator is considerably affected by pressure, temperature, time, and amount of co‐initiator. The polymeric product has low polydispersity (near unity) with negligible formation of polypropylene oxide. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43099.
Tailoring copper (II) methacrylate‐containing copolymers and its use as electrode modifier agent in electroanalytical applications
Authors: Ferreira Gabriella Ribeiro , Jensen Alan Thyago , Ardila Jorge Armando , Fatibello‐Filho Orlando , Umpierre Alexandre Perez , Machado Fabricio 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThis work focuses on the synthesis of a new class of copolymer materials consisting of traditional vinyl monomers (essentially, vinyl acetate, ethyl acrylate, and methyl methacrylate) and copper (II) methacrylate (Cu(II)MA) intended to be used as surface modification agents in electrochemical quantifications of organic and inorganic analytes. Voltammetry assays showed that when deposited on glassy‐carbon electrode (GCE), Cu(II)MA‐based copolymers are very promising materials to be applied in electrochemical determinations, exhibiting high analytical signal in the oxidation and reduction peaks during quantification of potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) in comparison to a bare GCE, contributing to increase the effective electrode area. When employed for the determination of ascorbic acid, PVAcCu(II)MA/GCE exhibited performance similar to that of the bare GCE. Polymers characterizations showed that glass transition temperature of the Cu(II)MA‐based materials increased in approximately 10–20°C, as consequence of the copper present in molecular structure of the copolymer chains (bidentate bridging coordination mode). Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy measurements of Cu(II)MA monomer and Cu(II)MA‐based copolymers showed strong characteristic peaks Kα and Kβ at 8.04 and 8.90 keV, respectively, with an average amount of copper of 99%. The performance of the Cu(II)MA‐based copolymers modified electrodes is strongly dependent on the amount of copper into the copolymer chains and consequently on the monomers conversion. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43202.
Ablation of Perlecan Domain 1 Heparan Sulfate Reduces Progressive Cartilage Degradation, Synovitis, and Osteophyte Size in a Preclinical Model of Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis
Authors: Shu Cindy C. , Jackson Miriam T. , Smith Margaret M. , Smith Susan M. , Penm Steven , Lord Megan S. , Whitelock John M. , Little Christopher B. , Melrose James 
Published: December 2015

Objective To investigate the role of the heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycan perlecan (HSPG‐2) in regulating fibroblast growth factor (FGF) activity, bone and joint growth, and the onset and progression of posttraumatic osteoarthritis (OA) in a mouse gene‐knockout model.Methods Maturational changes were evaluated histologically in the knees of 3‐, 6‐, and 12‐week‐old wild‐type (WT) mice and Hspg2Δ3−/Δ3− mice (Hspg2 lacking domain 1 HS, generated by ablation of exon 3 of perlecan). Cartilage damage, subchondral bone sclerosis, osteophytosis, and synovial inflammation were scored at 4 and 8 weeks after surgical induction of OA in WT and Hspg2Δ3−/Δ3− mice. Changes in cartilage expression of FGF‐2, FGF‐18, HSPG‐2, FGF receptor 1 (FGFR‐1), and FGFR‐3 were examined immunohistochemically. Femoral head cartilage from both mouse genotypes was cultured in the presence or absence of interleukin‐1α (IL‐1α), FGF‐2, and FGF‐18, and the content and release of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) for key matrix molecules, enzymes, and inhibitors were quantified.Results No effect of perlecan HS ablation on growth plate or joint development was detected. After induction of OA, Hspg2Δ3−/Δ3− mice had significantly reduced cartilage erosion, osteophytosis, and synovitis. OA‐induced loss of chondrocyte expression of FGF‐2, FGF‐18, and HSPG‐2 occurred in both genotypes. Expression of FGFR‐1 after OA induction was maintained in WT mice, while FGFR‐3 loss after OA induction was significantly reduced in Hspg2Δ3−/Δ3− mice. There were no genotypic differences in GAG content or release between unstimulated control cartilage and IL‐1α–stimulated cartilage. However, IL‐1α–induced cartilage expression of Mmp3 mRNA was significantly reduced in Hspg2Δ3−/Δ3− mice. Cartilage GAG release in either the presence or absence of IL‐1α was unaltered by FGF‐2 in both genotypes. In cartilage cultures with FGF‐18, IL‐1α–stimulated GAG loss was significantly reduced only in Hspg2Δ3−/Δ3− mice, and this was associated with maintained expression of Fgfr3 mRNA and reduced expression of Mmp2/Mmp3 mRNA.ConclusionPerlecan HS has significant roles in directing the development of posttraumatic OA, potentially via the alteration of FGF/HS/FGFR signaling. These data suggest that the chondroprotection conferred by perlecan HS ablation could be attributed, at least in part, to the preservation of FGFR‐3 and increased FGF signaling.
A newborn with a large mass: vacuum extraction‐caused dura lesion
Authors: Poryo Martin , Yilmaz Umut , Linsler Stefan , Gortner Ludwig , Meyer Sascha 
Published: December 2015

Key Clinical MessageWe report on a newborn with a large, high parieto‐frontally located mass after vacuum extraction. Imaging methods revealed a large subcutaneous collection of cerebrospinal fluid and hemorrhage. Traumatic dura lesions should be considered in neonates presenting with a large head lump after assisted delivery with vacuum extraction.
Screening for familial and hereditary prostate cancer
Authors: Lynch Henry T. , Kosoko‐Lasaki Omofolasade , Leslie Stephen W. , Rendell Marc , Shaw Trudy , Snyder Carrie , D'Amico Anthony V. , Buxbaum Sarah , Isaacs William B. , Loeb Stacy , Moul Judd W. , Powell Isaac 
Published: December 2015

Prostate cancer (PC) has the highest degree of genetic transmission of any form of malignancy. In some families, the hereditary pattern is so strong as to mimic an autosomal dominance trait. We reviewed the known predisposing genetic markers to assess possible strategies for screening of families at risk. We carried out a systematic literature search using the Pubmed service of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and several gene libraries, including the NCBI SNP Library, the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man® Catalog of Human Genes and Genetic Disorders (OMIM) and SNPedia to obtain known gene loci, SNPs and satellite markers associated with PC. We further cross referenced information on identified loci comparing data from different articles and gene reference sites. Whenever possible, we recorded the odds ratio (OR) for the allele associated with PC.In multiple different linkage studies, many independent PC associated loci have been identified on separate chromosomes. Genome‐wide association studies have added many more markers to the set derived from linkage investigations. A subset of the alleles is associated with early onset and aggressive cancer. Due to the great heterogeneity, the OR for any one allele predicting future development of this malignancy is low. The strongest predictors are the BRCA2 mutations, and the highly penetrant G84E mutation in HOXB13. The presence of multiple risk alleles is more highly predictive than a single allele.Technical limitations on screening large panels of alleles are being overcome. It is appropriate to begin supplementing prostate specific antigen testing with alleles, such as BRCA2 and HOXB13, disclosed by targeted genomic analysis in families with an unfavorable family cancer history. Future population studies of PC should include genomic sequencing protocols, particularly in families with a history of PC and other malignancies.