bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To evaluate the role of mast cells on angiogenesis in various grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma: A histochemical study
Authors: Khan Yusra , Rehani Shweta , Sharma Mohit 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
Oral cancer is the sixth most common cancer, and 90% of them are oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). As most OSCC are asymptomatic and are only detected at an advanced stage, the 5-year survival rate is only 50%. Thus, using novel prognosticators can minimise mortality and morbidity associated with OSCC. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between mast cells and angiogenesis in different grades of OSCC to analyse their role in its progression.

Material and Methods:
A total of 45 cases were included, comprising 10 well-differentiated SCCs (WDOSCC), 10 moderately differentiated SCCs (MDOSCC), and 10 poorly differentiated SCCs (PDOSCC). Additionally, five normal buccal mucosae (NBM) samples served as negative controls for OSCC. Five cases of neurofibroma and pyogenic granuloma were used as positive controls for mast cells and angiogenesis, respectively.

Results:
The mean MCD in WDOSCC, MDOSCC, and PDOSCC were 3.2620 ± 2.65177, 3.0310 ± 1.38276, and 4.1580 ± 2.49482, respectively. The MVD in WDOSCC, MDOSCC, and PDOSCC were 10.2850 ± 4.35032, 9.9240 ± 2.72533, and 7.1520 ± 2.26966, respectively.

Discussion:
MCD was the highest in PDOSCC, followed by WDOSCC and MDOSCC. These results indicate a redundant role of mast cells in OSCC, or they might jumpstart malignancy but are retarded with OSCC progression. The MVD decreased with higher grades, in contrast to the prevalent literature. The correlation analysis between MVD and MCD revealed no significant correlation between them.

Conclusion:
We found a non-significant role of mast cells in tumour biology and a decrease in vascularity with advancing grades. These results indicate a lower need for mast cell activation to augment vascularisation. A study with a larger sample size is needed to confirm our results.
Photobiomodulation therapy: Ushering in a new era in personalized supportive cancer care
Authors: Varsani Ridham , Khan Moiz , Nannuri Pranavi , Arany Praveen R. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The human body can utilize light for a broad range of pathophysiological responses, such as circadian rhythm, Vitamin D metabolism, and vision, among others. The therapeutic use of light has spanned many ancient health practices. Recent advances in using low-dose light therapy, termed photobiomodulation (PBM), have made tremendous progress in unravelling precise biological mechanisms and clinical dosimetry, enabling this treatment modality’s clinical safety and effectiveness. The evidence for PBM has received its strongest endorsement via recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses recommending its routine use to address various acute and chronic side effects associated with cancer treatment. Carefully done studies have noted unequivocal evidence demonstrating its effectiveness in managing oral mucositis in patients undergoing radiotherapy for head and neck cancer, chemotherapy, or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This brief narrative review will explore the therapeutic benefits of PBM therapy, supported by recent research findings, to provide a comprehensive understanding of its potential in clinical settings. Additionally, the review will highlight our current understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying PBM and the importance of novel harmonized dosing that enables its optimal clinical implementation and utilization.
Focal osteoporotic bone marrow defect: A happenstance finding
Authors: Nair Shalini , Mahaboob Shahnaz , Mathew Jobin , Thoyakkat Aiswarya 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Focal osteoporotic bone marrow defects (FOBMDs) of jaws are rare and usually discovered as an incidental radiographic finding. They present as a poorly demarcated radiolucency affecting the posterior mandible of middle-aged women with pathogenesis remaining unknown. A 60-year-old female patient had visited our dental college for routine dental checkup and oral prophylaxis. Her radiograph revealed a well-defined radiolucency in the left mandibular posterior region as an incidental finding. Clinical examination revealed a diffuse swelling in the above-mentioned region which the patient had not noticed. The patient gave a history of trauma in the same region almost 20 years back. Incisional biopsy was performed. Microscopic examination revealed multiple bits of fatty fibro cellular tissue resembling the bone marrow with aggregates of blood cells. A diagnosis of FOBMD was given. FOBMD, although rare, should be included in differential diagnosis of the radiolucent lesions of the jaws.
MUCORMYCOSIS: Re-emerging opportunistic fungal infections in COVID-19 pandemic times in Indian patients (South Indian) – A series of seven cases
Authors: Topajiche Satyajit S. , Babu Prasoon S. , Kumar Balasubramanya , Raghava L Phani 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Opportunistic fungal infections are associated with patients having compromised systemic health. In India, a slow rise in cases of mucormycosis has been observed as the country has seen a rising number of diabetes mellitus cases in the recent decades. This apart, an enormous increase in case numbers was seen in association with COVID-19 infections in the Asian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, markedly in India. Many cases of mucormycosis were reported in association with COVID-19 positive history and post-treatment for COVID-19. They were presented in the form of rhino-cerebral-mucormycosis, in patients with and without diabetes. The presentation of the disease differed at different times of the pandemic to some extent. Some of the cases initially came in an acute format, but at the later end of the epidemic, they presented in an indolent form. A compilation of cases is provided to illustrate the variation in presentations and findings of mucormycosis cases diagnosed at different times of infection of the COVID-19 waves.
Evaluation of antifungal efficacy of albedo extract of Punica granatum on Candida albicans – An in vitro study
Authors: Kommalapati Vatsalya , Rajkumar N. Govind , Karri Roja Lakshmi , Ashok Sahana , Kumar A Sudarshan , Srilakshmi D. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
The study aims to investigate the antifungal efficacy of albedo extract of Punica grantum on candida albicans by evaluating the inhibitory capacity of alcoholic albedo extracts by disc diffusion method and by comparing the antifungal efficacy of alcoholic extract of albedo with clotrimazole and ethanol.

Methods:
Using a conventional disc diffusion method, the effectiveness of Punica Granatum albedo extract against Candida albicans was assessed and evaluated depending on the presence or absence of inhibition zones, as well as the average diameter of inhibition zones. Albedo extract of Punica granatum serial dilutions were prepared ranging from 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% and its antifungal efficacy was tested against Candida albicans in comparison with clotrimazole and ethanol.

Results:
When compared to clotrimazole, the albedo extract of punica granatum showed significant anticandidal activity. The mean zone of inhibition of extract was recorded at 27.6 mm whereas clotrimazole was 21.6 mm and no zone of inhibition was recorded for ethanol. Statistically significant p value 0.015 was recorded within the different dilutions of albedo extract of Punica grantum which is less than 0.05.

Conclusion:
The present investigation found that Punica Granatum albedo extract had greater potent antifungal activity when compared to clotrimazole and ethanol.
Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of oral cavity: A rare case report with review of literature
Authors: Singh Anurag , Kumar Gulshan , Singh Uma S. , Sagar Mala 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) primarily affect the lungs and larynx. Primary neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) rarely occur in the oral cavity. The classification of these tumours is ambiguous; however, the literature acknowledges their aggressiveness. Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is rare and more common in the skin but could occur intraorally. MCC and NECs are aggressive neoplasms and recommend intensive treatment. In this case report, a 22-year-old female presented with an ulceroinfiltrative lesion in the left buccal mucosa of the cheek, which was diagnosed as primary NEC in the oral cavity. This patient underwent wide local lesion excision of oral cavity mass, ipsilateral selective neck node dissection of levels 1–4 and postoperative chemotherapy. This aggressive tumour type requires large local excisions with margins like Merkel cell skin carcinomas. To our knowledge, this is the youngest oral cavity primary neuroendocrine cancer patient to date in the literature.
Association of oral cancer site with addiction and sociodemographic characteristics: A cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary health centre
Authors: Hulke Praful Maroti , Baravakar Jalindhar Pandurang , Bagade Vinod Genu , Asati Alka Modi , Tripathi Sonali 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
In contemporary epidemic scenarios, oral cancer ranks the top 3 cancer types afflicting the Indian population. The primary risk factors include alcohol consumption, tobacco usage in various forms, such as cigarettes and smokeless tobacco, betelnut chewing, and infection with the human papillomavirus. This article submitted in preprint in medRxiv on 20 February 2024.

Materials and Methods:
This study, conducted at a tertiary healthcare center, adopted a hospital-based cross-sectional approach involving 233 oral cancer patients who sought medical care from January 1 to December 31, 2017.

Results:
The findings indicate that males above the age of 60 (40.11%) and females aged between 41 and 50 years (45.45%) were the most affected groups. A statistically significant association (P < 0.05) was found. The primary sites for oral cancer were the cheek (40.36%) and tongue (31.78%). Remarkably, the majority of male patients exhibited a combination of addictions, including tobacco chewing, smoking, and alcohol use, whereas most female patients were exclusively involved in tobacco chewing.

Conclusion:
To curb the increasing prevalence of oral cancer in India, it is imperative to implement comprehensive public education initiatives and health promotion strategies aimed at reducing both smoking and alcohol consumption.
Assessment of lip and finger print patterns in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and dental caries: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Patil Dakshayani Vijay , George Jiji , Singh Ankita , Ahuja Puneet 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives:
Globally, the prevalence of diabetes and dental caries has been soaring high in recent times. There is a constant effort in the scientific community to develop a reliable and economic early predictor which can serve the purpose of mass screening of genetically vulnerable populations. The present study attempts to evaluate the different types of lip prints and finger prints in diabetes mellitus and dental caries and to see association between the most common diseases (diabetes mellitus and dental caries) if any.

Materials and Methods:
Study subjects included 100 subjects (50 uncontrolled Type II diabetes mellitus patients and 50 healthy controls) in the age group of 30–80 years among the population of Lucknow. Lip prints were obtained using lipstick and cellophane paper, analysed, and classified using Suzuki and Tsuchihashi’s classification. Finger prints were obtained using inkpad, analysed, and classified using Henry’s system of classification.

Results:
We found loop-type fingerprints and type IV lip prints associated with diabetic patients. Non-diabetics showed loop-type fingerprints and type I lip prints. We found increased dental caries incidence (DMFT scores) in diabetics. Diabetic subjects with caries showed loop fingerprints, which reiterated our earlier findings but are not associated with type IV lip prints. Non-diabetics with caries showed arch fingerprints, but they are not associated with type I lip prints. We found that DMFT scores that we used to assess caries did not associate well with lip prints.

Conclusion:
The results from our study strongly suggest that dermatoglyphics can be used as a non-invasive technique to mass screen for diabetes as well as dental caries as both diseases are predominantly associated with loop-type fingerprints. Type IV lip prints could be used to screen for diabetes, but no association of lip prints was seen in patients with caries.
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Efforts in Graduate Medical Education: Identifying Opportunities for Collaborative Learning
Authors: Rosenblatt Adena E. , Lo Margaret C. , Fane Lauren S. , Dent Daniel L. , George Karen E. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Background Physician-patient racial and cultural concordance is essential to address health care disparities. Yet, limited literature on diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) outcomes in graduate medical education (GME) suggests the need for high-yield DEI resources.
Objectives To describe and identify DEI efforts by US residency program director (PD) associations and areas for collaboration among the GME community.
Methods Through bimonthly teleconferences and 5 iterative revisions from June to September 2022, the DEI workgroup of the US Organization of PD Associations developed a 17-question needs assessment survey to investigate DEI activities across residency PD associations, which was delivered twice electronically from September to November 2022 to 30 specialty PD association representatives.
Results Survey response rate was 73% (22 of 30). Specialties track resident demographics more than PD demographics (11 of 22, 50% vs 7 of 22, 32%). Tracked demographics vary and include race, gender, and sexual orientation. Most PD associations have DEI committees (16 of 22, 73%) implementing various initiatives, the most common of which was providing resources to ensure diverse representation (11 of 16, 69%). Most specialties provide residency recruitment resources (14 of 22, 64%) and funding for visiting rotations or mentorship for underrepresented trainees (12 of 22, 54%). Resources for pipeline programs (7 of 22, 32%) and retention of diverse residents (7 of 22, 32%) were less common. Faculty development training focused more on teaching DEI to residents (14 of 22, 64%) than on teaching health disparities (7 of 22, 32%).
Conclusions Our study demonstrates substantial DEI interventions among specialty PD associations. Yet, educational gaps exist in specific DEI content, faculty development, and curricular dissemination.
Structured Debriefing to Assess Performance of Entrustable Professional Activities
Authors: Jones M. Douglas , Guiton Gretchen , Yost Christian Con , Torr Carrie B. , Gong Jennifer , Parker Thomas A. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Background The medical workplace presents challenges for workplace-based learning. Structured debriefing of shared clinical experiences has been proposed as a way to take advantage of workplace-based learning in a setting that facilitates deep learning conversations.
Objective To investigate faculty and learner acceptance of private, face-to-face, structured debriefing of performance of entrustable professional activities (EPAs).
Methods During the 2020-2021 academic year, faculty at the University of Colorado (CU) and the University of Utah (UU) debriefed fellow performance of jointly selected EPAs in neonatal-perinatal medicine pertinent to shared 1- to 3-week clinical rotations. Private face-to-face debriefing was structured by a comprehensive EPA-specific list of behavioral anchors describing 3 levels of entrustment/accomplishment. Sessions ended with joint decisions as to level of entrustment/accomplishment and goals for improvement. We used thematic analysis of semistructured fellow interviews and faculty focus groups to identify themes illustrated with representative quotations.
Results We interviewed 17 fellows and 18 faculty. CU participants debriefed after clinical rotations; UU usually debriefed during rotations. Debriefing sessions for 1 to 2 EPAs lasted 20 to 40 minutes. Themes represented in fellow interviews and faculty focus groups suggested that debriefing facilitated formative feedback along with shared understanding of clinical performance and assessment criteria. The standardized format and private conversations supported assessment of aspects of performance for which review might otherwise have been overlooked or avoided. The conversations also provided valuable opportunities for formative discussion of other matters of importance to fellows.
Conclusions Structured debriefing of recently shared clinical experiences fostered formative assessment viewed positively by teachers and learners.
Avaliação experimental do desempenho térmico e lumínico de um brise-soleil responsivo
Authors: Bem Gabriel Moraes de , Krüger Eduardo Leite , Abreu Alexandre Augusto Alberto Moreira de 
Published: October 2024

Mudanças de tempo repentinas são cada vez mais recorrentes, como as recentes ondas de calor observadas no país. Nesse quadro, fachadas estáticas podem não acomodar flutuações climáticas distintas dos dados climáticos históricos considerados no projeto. Elementos de sombreamento responsivos representam uma solução viável para manter condições ambientais confortáveis. Este artigo descreve um experimento desenvolvido em escala 1:1 para avaliar o desempenho de um brise-soleil responsivo. A funcionalidade do dispositivo é baseada nos parâmetros de conforto constantes no Useful Daylight Illuminance e Adaptive Comfort Model (ANSI/ASHRAE 55). O desempenho é avaliado em dois cenários: janela estaticamente ou responsivamente sombreada. Como resultados preliminares, o dispositivo responsivo reduziu o período de desconforto por frio e evitou o sobreaquecimento, o que tende a reduzir a demanda por sistemas de climatização. O desempenho lumínico foi superior com redução do desconforto causado pelo excesso de iluminância. Considerando a escassez da produção acadêmica brasileira nesta área de conhecimento, as estratégias responsivas abordadas neste artigo poderão subsidiar futuras pesquisas.
A produção de edifícios residenciais no Oeste baiano:
Authors: Do Nascimento Gomes Xavier Regina , Pereira de Souza Enia , Bitencourt Xavier Rayane 
Published: October 2024

Este artigo apresenta os resultados da produção de edifícios residenciais em Barreiras/BA, a “Capital do Oeste baiano”, bem como a imagem urbana veiculada através da rede social Instagram enquanto ferramenta principal de engajamento e venda de apartamentos na cidade. O objetivo é analisar a relação do processo de verticalização e os impactos da publicidade na rede social Instagram sobre o viver em apartamentos no Oeste baiano. As ferramentas metodológicas foram o levantamento histórico de verticalização, quantificação dos edifícios construídos e a rede social Instagram para catalogar imagens e hashtags relativas ao universo de estudo. A proposta é relevante, pois apresenta a produção dos edifícios residenciais de Barreiras/BA (26 edfs desde 1992) e aponta as estratégias de publicidade na disseminação destas informações, bem como seus impactos. Pesquisa iniciada em 2021, identificou 14 hashtags relativas ao processo de verticalização e registro da narrativa, que através das publicações em redes sociais, “promovem” a imagem de desenvolvimento econômico da região como fator dependente da construção de edifícios e propagação de status social elevado vinculado à vida nestes imóveis.
Realidade Virtual e Aumentada em Análises de Pós-Ocupação
Authors: Alves Henrique Vitorino Souza , Villa Simone Barbosa , Ribeiro Leandra Nunes Cardoso , Melo Luis Henrique Borges de 
Published: October 2024

Este artigo faz parte da pesquisa “Desenvolvimento de interface de realidade virtual e aumentada para avaliação pós-ocupação da qualidade ambiental em edifícios de apartamentos” e objetiva definir o estado da arte dos estudos da relação entre Avaliação Pós-Ocupação, Realidade Virtual e Realidade Aumentada. Diante disso, busca-se identificar possíveis meios de aplicação de tecnologias virtuais em questionários de satisfação e comportamento de moradores, bem como identificar lacunas de trabalhos científicos nessa área. Para realização do levantamento bibliográfico, utilizou-se a metodologia de pesquisa exploratória em bases de dados confiáveis, seguida da seleção de artigos de maior pertinência, os quais foram estudados de forma aprofundada. Os resultados revelam uma quantidade baixa de estudos relacionando esses temas, o que fundamenta a investigação da aplicação das tecnologias de Realidade Virtual (RV) e de Realidade Aumentada (RA) em Avaliação de Pós-Ocupação (APO) e avaliações de Qualidade Ambiental. Ao fim do artigo, indica-se benefícios do uso dessas tecnologias na área de Arquitetura, Engenharia e Construção, além de direcionamentos para futuras pesquisas e delineamentos iniciais dos artefatos a serem desenvolvidos pela pesquisa.
Análise de empreendimentos de saneamento: estudo de caso da aplicação de mapa de fluxo de valor
Authors: Desini Douglas Agliardi , Bulhões Iamara Rossi 
Published: October 2024

Em escala mundial, o setor de saneamento é associado à saúde e ao desenvolvimento de regiões, e estudos nessa área são considerados de grande relevância, pois impactam diretamente a qualidade de vida da população de um país. Neste sentido, este trabalho versa sobre a análise do fluxo de valor de empreendimentos do setor de infraestrutura no Brasil, realizado numa grande operadora de saneamento. O estudo teve como objetivo identificar os desperdícios e propor melhorias no fluxo dos processos atrelados à execução dos Sistemas de Água e de Esgotos (etapas de projeto, contratação e obra). Como base conceitual usou-se os conceitos e princípios da produção enxuta e como ferramenta de análise o Mapeamento de Fluxo de Valor. O trabalho usou como método de pesquisa o estudo de caso e ocorreu em três fases distintas: definição da pesquisa, desenvolvimento do trabalho e análises finais dos resultados. Como resultados da aplicação do MFV atual constatou-se que a etapa de obra correspondia 78% do tempo total registrado e apenas 5% do tempo total era empenhado na elaboração e fiscalização de projetos. Do tempo total médios dos empreendimentos analisados observou-se que em apenas 68% desse tempo existe a realização de atividades. Além disso, observou-se que existe uma variação de 555 dias entre o tempo médio de permanência e o tempo médio de realização das atividades. No MFV futuro foram propostas algumas melhorias, como: redução da quantidade de interação com as atividades; redução do tempo de permanência e do tempo de realização das atividades. Por fim, concluiu-se que o uso da ferramenta MFV contribuiu na visualização do fluxo de maneira abrangente, viabilizando a identificação dos principais desperdícios de tempo no fluxo das informações.