bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patients' and caregivers' views on conversations and shared decision making in diagnostic testing for Alzheimer's disease: The ABIDE project
Authors: Kunneman Marleen , Pel‐Littel Ruth , Bouwman Femke H. , Gillissen Freek , Schoonenboom Niki S.M. , Claus Jules J. , van der Flier Wiesje M. , Smets Ellen M.A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntroductionThis study aims to assess patients' and caregivers' views on and experiences with (1) decisions about diagnostic testing for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and (2) receiving test results.MethodsWe conducted separate focus groups with patients from three hospitals who underwent diagnostic testing for AD (N = 11) and their caregivers (N = 11). Audio recordings were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using MaxQDA.ResultsPatients and caregivers preferred and perceived active involvement in decision making, but the decision to initiate diagnostic testing seems to be made before the clinician‐patient encounter. Patients and caregivers indicate that decisions are driven by a strong need to explain the patient's symptoms. They missed information on why different diagnostic tests were used, what the results of these tests were, and to what extent these results were (ab)normal.DiscussionThe decision‐making process around diagnostic testing for AD and the information provision before and after diagnostic testing could be improved.
Non-linear aeroelastic response of high aspect-ratio wings in the frequency domain
Authors: Afonso F. , Vale J. , Oliveira É. , Lau F. , Suleman A. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTA current trend in the aeronautic industry is to increase the wing aspect ratio to enhance aerodynamic efficiency by reducing the induced drag and thus reduce fuel consumption. Despite the associated benefits of a large aspect ratio, such as higher lift-to-drag ratios and range, commercial aircraft usually have a relatively low aspect ratio. This is partially explained by the fact that the wing becomes more flexible with increasing aspect ratio and thus more prone to large deflections, which can cause aeroelastic instability problems such as flutter. In this work, an aeroelastic study is conducted on a rectangular wing model of 20 m span and variable chord for a low subsonic speed condition to evaluate the differences between linear and non-linear static aeroelastic responses. Comparisons between linear and non-linear displacements, natural frequencies and flutter boundary are performed. An in-house non-linear aeroelastic framework was employed for this purpose. In this work, the influence of the aspect ratio and geometric non-linearity (highly deformed states) is assessed in terms of aeroelastic performance parameters: flutter speed and divergence speed. A nearly linear correlation of flutter speed difference (relative to linear analysis results) with vertical-tip displacement difference is observed. The flutter and divergence speeds vary substantially as the wing aspect ratio increases, and the divergence speeds always remain above the flutter speed. Furthermore, the flutter mechanism was observed to change as the wing chord is decreased.
Profit and Other Values: Thick Evaluation in Decision Making
Authors: van der Linden Bastiaan , Freeman R. Edward 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT:Profit maximizers have reasons to agree with stakeholder theorists that managers may need to consider different values simultaneously in decision making. However, it remains unclear how maximizing a single value can be reconciled with simultaneously considering different values. A solution can neither be found in substantive normative philosophical theories, nor in postulating the maximization of profit. Managers make sense of the values in a situation by means of the many thick value concepts of ordinary language. Thick evaluation involves the simultaneous consideration of different values: making sense of a value always involves knowing how to engage with it given the other values in the situation. This also goes for profit: maximization is only one way of engaging with the value of profit, and grasping whether maximization is appropriate involves considering other values. We discuss some consequences of our approach for stakeholder theorists and profit maximizers.
Gerstner waves in the presence of mean currents and rotation
Authors: Constantin A. , Monismith S. G. 
Published: May 2017

We present a Lagrangian analysis of nonlinear surface waves propagating zonally on a zonal current in the presence of the Earth’s rotation that shows the existence of two modes of wave motion. The first, ‘fast’ mode, one with wavelengths commonly found for wind waves and swell in the ocean, represents the wave–current interaction counterpart of the rotationally modified Gerstner waves found first by Pollard (J. Geophys. Res., vol. 75, 1970, pp. 5895–5898) that quite closely resemble Stokes waves. The second, slower, mode has a period nearly equal to the inertial period and has a small vertical scale such that very long, e.g. $O(10^{4}~\text{km})$ wavelength, waves have velocities etc. that decay exponentially from the free surface over a scale of $O(10~\text{m})$ that is proportional to the strength of the mean current. In both cases, the particle trajectories are closed in a frame of reference moving with the mean current, with particle motions in the second mode describing inertial circles. Given that the linear analysis of the governing Eulerian equations only captures the fast mode, the slow mode is a fundamentally nonlinear phenomenon in which very small free surface deflections are manifestations of an energetic current.
A BAYESIAN ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCTIVITY AND RISKS TO ACHIEVE TARGET YIELDS FROM IMPROVED CHICKPEA AND MUNG BEAN VARIETIES USING ON-FARM TRIALS IN AFGHANISTAN
Authors: SINGH MURARI , TAVVA SRINIVAS , SAHARAWAT YASHPAL SINGH , RIZVI JAVED 
Published: May 2017

SUMMARYLegumes are essential to meet nutrition need of growing population in Afghanistan but have low productivity under the farmer practices. With an aim to introduce improved varieties of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and mung bean (Vigna radiata) along with associated cultivation practices, a number of on-farm demonstration trials were conducted in eight districts covering three provinces to assess their performance in comparison with local practices. The data or information generation from on-farm trials is routine but remains unutilized under the commonly used analysis based on frequentist approach. This study makes use of such prior information to widen the statistical inference framework using a Bayesian approach (BA) for analysing any future on-farm trials. The statistical analysis evaluated the mean performance of the improved and local production packages and risks associated with them to meet a given target. Evaluated at the two districts during 2012, the improved variety of chickpea (Madad) yielded higher than the farmer variety (2.25–2.40 vs. 1.93–1.94 Mg/ha), while that of mung bean (Mash 2008) yielded higher than the farmer variety (1.22–1.24 vs. 0.93–0.94 Mg/ha), both with high probability. The stochastic dominance analysis showed that the recommended package with improved variety Madad has 95% probability of achieving a target of 2 Mg/ha while such a target for local practice was around its one-third when cultivated in Baghlan-e-sannati district. Crossover in the risk curves helped to identify and quantify the region specific risk to meet a given target. BA is then recommended in the analysis of on-farm trials data.
Prognostic factors for therapeutic sialendoscopy
Authors: Cox D , Chan L , Veivers D 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjective:To review our experience with therapeutic sialendoscopy in both the submandibular and parotid glands in order to determine prognostic factors and improve successful outcomes.Study design:Single-centre, retrospective chart review.Method:The medical records of patients who had undergone sialendoscopy for sialolithiasis were reviewed, and demographic details, stone data (location, size, multiplicity, mobility), and operative technique and success were recorded.Results:Eighty-five patients were included: 70 patients with submandibular stones and 15 with parotid stones. Sialendoscopy was successful in all cases. Complete endoscopic removal was successful in 51 per cent of patients with submandibular stones and 47 per cent of those with parotid stones. Size (less than 5 mm) and distance from the papilla (less than 3 cm) were significant factors affecting success for patients with submandibular duct stones. However, this was not the case for patients with parotid duct stones, with neither variable achieving significance; nevertheless, numbers were small.Conclusion:Stone size and location significantly affect the success of therapeutic sialendoscopy in submandibular glands.
Anthropogenic influences on the distribution of a Vulnerable coniferous forest specialist: habitat selection by the Siberian musk deerMoschus moschiferus
Authors: Slaght Jonathan C. , Milakovsky Brian , Maksimova Dariya A. , Seryodkin Ivan V. , Zaitsev Vitaliy A. , Panichev Alexander M. , Miquelle Dale G. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe Siberian musk deerMoschus moschiferus, categorized as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, is a small ungulate associated with coniferous forests of East Asia. In Russia the species is hunted both legally and illegally for the commercially valuable musk gland in males. Steep population declines recorded in recent decades have been generally attributed to intensive illegal hunting, but the decline has coincided with increased logging activity and the concomitant expansion of logging roads. We conducted an occupancy analysis in Primorskii Krai, Russia, to elucidate the relative importance of environmental, ecological and anthropogenic features associated with the presence of musk deer. The top model contained covariates related to the abundance of bearded lichenUsneaspp., the distance to a main road and the distance to logging sites, suggesting that both intensive hunting of musk deer (associated with greater accessibility via roads) and logging of habitat are influencing the occurrence of this species. We propose several management actions to limit the negative influence of logging and logging roads on musk deer in Russia, including encouraging logging companies to set aside high conservation value forests (to retain intact forests) and to close logging roads post-harvest (to reduce access by poachers).
Schistosoma mansonicercarial elastase (SmCE): differences in immunogenic properties of native and recombinant forms
Authors: EL-FAHAM MARWA H. , WHEATCROFT-FRANCKLOW KATHERINE J. , PRICE HELEN P. , SAYERS JON R. , DOENHOFF MICHAEL J. 
Published: May 2017

SUMMARYTheSchistosoma mansonicercarial elastase (SmCE) has previously been shown to be poorly immunogenic in mice. However, a minority of mice were able to produce antibodies against SmCE after multiple immunizations with crude preparations containing the enzyme. These mice were partially protected against challenge infections ofS. mansoni. In the present study, we show that in contrast to the poor immunogenicity of the enzymatically active native form of SmCE derived from a crude preparation (cercarial transformation fluid), immunization of CBA/Ca mice with two enzymatically inactive forms, namely purified native SmCE or a recombinant SmCE fused to recombinantSchistosoma japonicumglutathione S-transferase (rSmCE-SjGST), after adsorption onto aluminum hydroxide adjuvant, induced specific anti-SmCE immunoglobulin G (IgG) in all mice within 2 weeks of the second immunization. The IgG antibody response to rSmCE-SjGST was mainly of the IgG1 subclass. These results suggest that inactive forms of the antigen could be used to obtain the optimum immunogenic effects as a vaccine candidate against schistosomiasis. Mice immunized with the rSmCE-SjGST on alum had smaller mean worm burdens and lower tissue egg counts when compared with adjuvant alone- and recombinant SjGST-injected controls. The native SmCE was antigenically cross-reactive with homologous enzymes ofSchistosoma haematobiumandSchistosoma margrebowiei.
Between Roundhouse and Villa: Assessing Perinatal and Infant Burials from Piddington, Northamptonshire
Authors: Hodson Claire M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe discovery of perinatal and infant individuals is common in the excavation of Iron Age and Romano-British domestic sites. In recent years, the discovery of many such burials has led to interpretations of infanticide and unceremonious disposal. Although this has been a widely discussed phenomenon, much of the literature has focused on the funerary context, and the biological age and sex estimates of these individuals, with little consideration of the palaeopathological evidence. This article provides a detailed analysis of 17 perinates/infants from the late Iron Age/early Roman site of Piddington, Northants. It discusses the skeletal evidence for poor health and growth, and highlights the potential of these remains to reveal alternative insights into perinatal and infant death. Evidence of growth changes and pathological lesions were identified, suggesting that these individuals experienced chronic episodes of poor health that affected their skeletal development. The study explores the implications of these findings within the context of Iron Age and Roman Britain. At Piddington, the death of these infants is not associated with the cultural practice of infanticide, but occurred due to poor health, highlighting the precarious nature of infant survival in the past.
The Rural Labor Market and Some Manpower Problems: The State of Maine
Authors: Richard Will 
Published: May 2017

In this paper, I discuss some of the more current problems of manpower planning for and in rural areas. Critical issues are seen as:a.Primary versus secondary labor market jobs,b.Poor statistical information with too much borrowing from urban oriented economic indicators such as the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and Unemployment Insurance (UI) claims.c.The role of government in terms of fostering economic development through public service employment and the coordination and delivery of employment and training programs.d.Reverse migration and the role of public service employment, ande.Public sector versus private sector employment in rural areas.
Inflation–Should We Take Another Look?
Authors: Engel Gene 
Published: May 2017

Summary:Society has received only modest help from economists on inflation. Besides other effects, inflation redistributes income and wealth in ways not understood or predicted; it increases uncertainties for households, firms, and governments; and it calls into question individuals' expectations of their rightful share of goods and services, i.e., their “entitlement.” Our audiences need less mechanical, more complete and sophisticated explanations of what inflation is and what causes it; information on income, wealth, and equity effects of inflation among and between farmers, agri-industry firms, consumers, investors, savers, local and state government; and information on the consequences of alternative policies to deal with it. Agricultural economists must read and think about both emerging microeconomic and macroeconomic literature.The new inflation of the seventies is mainly chronic, compared to cyclic. Chronic recession has accompanied chronic inflation. That implies the need for novel remedies that include structural changes as well as new monetary measures. The priority needs are outside agriculture, but dominate the interaction of inflation, agriculture, and rural development. Accordingly, agricultural economists cannot accept inflation as a given situation best understood and resolved by others.The recent shifting of the primary monetary emphasis from ‘one eye on interest and one on the money supply’ to “one eye on reserves and one on the money supply” will not be adequate to control inflation. Long-run warfare to reduce inflation requires a comprehensive approach integrating monetary and fiscal measures, structural considerations, sharing of costs, and other public policy changes. Assets and income inflation create a spurious sense of well-being which has severe redistribution effects. Planning and acting on these inflated values further fans inflation. Some structural problems reinforce inflation, for example, the COLA (cost-of-living adjustment). Partial indexing creates widespread inequities, for example, social security recipients obtained a 14.3 percent raise on July 1, 1980 but the average wage earner's deductions increased in 1980 while his wage rate increased a mere 8 percent! Public policy implications include a needed statute to indicate the nation's will, desire, and procedures for containing inflation; automatic price and wage controls when inflation exceeds certain rates; elimination of partial indexing; and the resolve of all public leadership to control inflation.Inflation is chronic, world-wide, unresolved. Comprehensive solutions are needed. Agricultural economists cannot expect others ot “solve” it.
Factors Influencing the Location and Distribution of Physicians in the Northeastern U.S.
Authors: Cordes Sam M. , Blair Richard J. 
Published: May 2017

Regression analysis was used to analyze the geographic distribution of physicians in the Northeastern U.S. The ratio of general practitioners (GP's) to population, and specialists to population was calculated for each of the 299 counties in the region. The independent variables were categorized into three types of factors: economic, professional, and quality-of-life.Results indicated that both types of physicians responded similarly to economic and quality-of-life variables, but responded differently to professional considerations. This suggests that the urban concentration of specialists vis-a-vis GP's is due primarily to the relative importance of professional considerations to specialists. Policy implications and directions for further research are presented.
Landowner Incentives to Participate in a Purchase of Development Rights Program with Application to Maryland
Authors: Phipps Tim 
Published: May 2017

A theory-based participation model is developed using the assumptions of perfect capital markets and perfect information. Given this specification it is shown that participation in a PDR program is always equivalent in present value terms to selling the land, and is always at least as good as not participating and remaining in farming.In order to investigate participation rates in the Maryland PDR program a less restrictive model is developed which relaxes the perfect capital markets assumption. It is found that a PDR program is most likely to be successful in regions characterized by relatively low levels of development pressure, and least likely to be successful in areas experiencing high rates of growth or areas that are not undergoing development pressure.
Interregional Transfer of Agricultural Research Results: The Case of the Northeast
Authors: Havlicek Joseph , White Fred C. 
Published: May 2017

The contribution of research to agricultural production is measured by estimating a production function which includes variables to reflect conventional inputs as well as agricultural research. Conventional inputs considered are hired labor, feed and livestock, seed and fertilizer, and capital and depreciation. Investment in agricultural research and extension within the region and investment in agricultural research in other production regions of the U.S. are included in the production function. Marginal products and internal rates of return axe derived for the own region and outside-the-region investments in agricultural research.The empirical results indicate that sane agricultural production regions have a greater capacity for exporting agricultural research results while some have a greater capacity for importing agricultural research results from other production regions. Of the ten agricultural production regions of the U.S., the Northeast had the lowest marginal product per dollar invested in agricultural research during the 1977–81 period and the lowest internal rate of return to investment in agricultural research. For the same time period the average annual spillovers from the Northeast were approximately 3.3 times as large as the average annual regional benefit and the spillovers from the Northeast were about 2.3 times as large as the spill-ins into the Northeast region. The ratio of federal to state expenditures on agricultural research in the Northeast was 1.03 and compared to a ratio of spillover's to regional benefits of 3.3 suggests that the Northeast does not fare well in terms of federal support of agricultural research benefiting other regions of the U.S.
Characteristics of Fluid Milk Expenditure Patterns in the Northeast Region
Authors: Raunikar Robert , Huang Chung-Liang 
Published: May 2017

Expenditure patterns for whole milk and lowfat milk in the Northeast region were examined by applying the Tobit maximum likelihood procedure to the 1977–78 USDA NFCS data.Results suggest that differing expenditure patterns exist between whole milk and lowfat milk. Household income estimates indicate significant positive effects on expenditure for lowfat milk but negative on expenditure for whole milk. Whole milk expenditure was estimated to be strongly related to the family life cycle stages through the child-raising years.
Innovative Methods of Milk Transport: Double-Bottoms and TOFC
Authors: Karpoff Edward , Webster Fred C. 
Published: May 2017

Costs involved in double-bottoms (tandem trailers) and TOFC (trailer-on-flatcar; piggyback) were modeled and compared with conventional over-the-road transport of bulk milk from northern Vermont in single trailers. Both modes were found to be both cost-effective and fuel-sparing alternatives to conventional transport.Since the study's completion, although not as a direct result of it, two shippers have adopted these innovations. One of them (using double-bottoms) has budgeted savings even larger than those claimed in our study.
Bamboo Steamers and Red Flags: Building Discipline and Collegiality among China's Traditional Rural Midwives in the 1950s
Authors: Fang Xiaoping 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis paper explores how the new Communist government developed a political consciousness of discipline and collegiality among traditional rural midwives in Chinese villages during the 1950s. It argues that selected traditional rural midwives were taught to observe discipline by attending meetings and studying, and to develop collegiality with peers through criticism and self-criticism of their birth attendance techniques and personal characters in short training courses from 1951 onwards. A legitimized midwife identity gradually formed in rural communities, but with it came conflicts and rivalry. By keeping these midwives under institutional surveillance and creating a dynamic and constant moulding process, the new government intended to foster professional and political discipline and collegiality within the group based on a normativized notion of selflessness performed within a changing series of indoctrination schemes that demonstrated continuity and complementarity and which I have described as common, preliminary, institutionalized, and dynamic schemes. This article examines how the state attempted to retrain marginalized and derided midwives with appropriate class backgrounds in order to incorporate them into the modern medical world, then still dominated by doctors and nurses with suspect class backgrounds. Ironically, in creating “socialist new people” to intervene in traditional rural birthing practices and introducing fee-for-service professionalism, the CCP accidentally created a degree of petit-capitalist thinking among women whose traditional mode of work may have been more selfless, thus complicating the process of indoctrinating selfless dedication.