bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome analysis, using RNA‐Seq of Lomandra longifolia roots infected with Phytophthora cinnamomi reveals the complexity of the resistance response
Authors: Islam M. T. , Hussain H. I. , Rookes J. E. , Cahill D. M. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

The plant pathogen Phytophthora cinnamon the causal agent of disease in numerous species, is a major threat to natural vegetation and has economic impacts in agriculture. The pathogen principally invades the root system, which, in susceptible species, is rapidly colonised and functionally destroyed. Few species are resistant, however, where resistance is expressed the pathogen is restricted to small, localised lesions. The molecular mechanisms that underpin this response in resistant species are not well understood. Lomandra longifolia, an Australian native species, is highly resistant to P. cinnamomi. In an earlier study, we showed induction of resistance‐related components such as callose, lignin and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in L. longifolia roots that had been inoculated with P. cinnamomi.

Here, in order to further identify, during the very early stages of infection, the molecular components and regulatory networks that may trigger resistance, a comprehensive root transcriptome analysis was performed using next generation sequencing.

Overall, 18 cDNA libraries were produced generating 52.8 GB 126 base pair reads, which were de novo assembled into contigs. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified allowing the identification of infection‐responsive candidate genes that were putatively related to resistance, and from this set ten were selected for qRT‐PCR to validate the RNA‐Seq expression value.

Further analysis of individual candidates revealed that many were involved in PAMP‐triggered immunity (PTI; pattern recognition receptors, glutathione S‐transferase, callose synthases, pathogenesis‐related protein‐1, mitogen activated protein kinases) and effector‐triggered immunity (ETI) (NBS‐LRR, signalling genes, transcription factors and anti‐pathogenic compound synthase genes). As these candidate genes or mediated components activate different defence signalling systems, they may have potential for investigation of novel approaches to disease control and in transgenic approaches for improvement, in susceptible species, of resistance to P. cinnamomi.
Supporting patients in reducing postoperative constipation: fundamental nursing care – a quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Trads Mette , Deutch Søren Rasmussen , Pedersen Preben Ulrich 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundThe prevalence of constipation in the general population is 2–28%. Patients with constipation report symptoms of abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, straining to defecate and general discomfort. Strategies for preventing constipation include laxatives, exercise and increased fluid and fibre intake, but life style adjustments, such as exercise, eating more fibres and drinking more fluids, were not considered a solution by older patients. Previous studies have shown that actively involving patients through individualised care and support increases patients’ outcome.AimTo test the efficacy of a nursing intervention based on active patient involvement including individualised nursing care plans and daily dialogues for patients with hip fractures in preventing constipation after surgery.MethodsA quasi‐experimental design was applied. Inclusion criteria hip fracture needing surgery, understand Danish. Exclusion criteria dementia, gastrointestinal disease. A total of 186 patients were included and 155 completed. An admission interview including Constipation Risk Assessment Scale was undertaken. On that basis an individualised nursing care plan was made. At admission, discharge and 30 days after surgery constipation, intake of fibres and fluid were measured. The Bristol Stool Scale and Rasmussen's scale were used to measure constipation. Patients in the control group received standard care of the ward.ResultsAfter 30 days constipation rates for patients in the intervention group were significantly lower than for patients in the control group (p = 0.042). The fibre intakes and fluid intakes were significantly higher in the intervention group (p ≤ 0.001). The effect of liquid intake was statistically significant (OR = 1.1, 95% CI: 1.0–1.2). Likewise, the effect of fibre intake was statistically significant; the odds of constipation decreased with increasing fibre intake (OR = 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2–0.8).ConclusionPatients with hip fractures that were actively involved in their own care in preventing constipation were significantly less constipated 30 days after surgery than control patients. Increases in fluid and fibre intakes had significant effects on reducing the risk of developing constipation.
Age and Outcomes of Primary Prevention Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators in Patients With Nonischemic Systolic Heart Failure
Authors: Elming Marie Bayer , Nielsen Jens C. , Haarbo Jens , Videbæk Lars , Korup Eva , Signorovitch James , Olesen Line Lisbeth , Hildebrandt Per , Steffensen Flemming H. , Bruun Niels E. , Eiskjær Hans , Brandes Axel , Thøgersen Anna M. , Gustafsson Finn , Egstrup Kenneth , Videbæk Regitze , Hassager Christian , Svendsen Jesper Hastrup , Høfsten Dan E. , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Pehrson Steen , Køber Lars , Thune Jens Jakob 
Published: September 2017

Background:
The DANISH study (Danish Study to Assess the Efficacy of ICDs [Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators] in Patients With Non-Ischemic Systolic Heart Failure on Mortality) did not demonstrate an overall effect on all-cause mortality with ICD implantation. However, the prespecified subgroup analysis suggested a possible age-dependent association between ICD implantation and mortality with survival benefit seen only in the youngest patients. The nature of this relationship between age and outcome of a primary prevention ICD in patients with nonischemic systolic heart failure warrants further investigation.

Methods:

All 1116 patients from the DANISH study were included in this prespecified subgroup analysis. We assessed the relationship between ICD implantation and mortality by age, and an optimal age cutoff was estimated nonparametrically with selection impact curves. Modes of death were divided into sudden cardiac death and nonsudden death and compared between patients younger and older than this age cutoff with the use of χ
2
analysis.

Results:

Median age of the study population was 63 years (range, 21–84 years). There was a linearly decreasing relationship between ICD and mortality with age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.003–1.06;
P
=0.03). An optimal age cutoff for ICD implantation was present at ≤70 years. There was an association between reduced all-cause mortality and ICD in patients ≤70 years of age (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.51–0.96;
P
=0.03) but not in patients >70 years of age (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.68–1.62;
P
=0.84). For patients ≤70 years old, the sudden cardiac death rate was 1.8 (95% CI, 1.3–2.5) and nonsudden death rate was 2.7 (95% CI, 2.1–3.5) events per 100 patient-years, whereas for patients >70 years old, the sudden cardiac death rate was 1.6 (95% CI, 0.8–3.2) and nonsudden death rate was 5.4 (95% CI, 3.7–7.8) events per 100 patient-years. This difference in modes of death between the 2 age groups was statistically significant (
P
=0.01).

Conclusions:
In patients with systolic heart failure not caused by ischemic heart disease, the association between the ICD and survival decreased linearly with increasing age. In this study population, an age cutoff for ICD implantation at ≤70 years yielded the highest survival for the population as a whole.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00542945.
Analyzing Decision Logs to Understand Decision Making in Serious Crime Investigations
Authors: Dando Coral J. , Ormerod Thomas C. 
Published: September 2017

Objective To study decision making by detectives when investigating serious crime through the examination of decision logs to explore hypothesis generation and evidence selection. Background Decision logs are used to record and justify decisions made during serious crime investigations. The complexity of investigative decision making is well documented, as are the errors associated with miscarriages of justice and inquests. The use of decision logs has not been the subject of an empirical investigation, yet they offer an important window into the nature of investigative decision making in dynamic, time-critical environments. Method A sample of decision logs from British police forces was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively to explore hypothesis generation and evidence selection by police detectives. Results Analyses revealed diversity in documentation of decisions that did not correlate with case type and identified significant limitations of the decision log approach to supporting investigative decision making. Differences emerged between experienced and less experienced officers’ decision log records in exploration of alternative hypotheses, generation of hypotheses, and sources of evidential inquiry opened over phase of investigation. Conclusion The practical use of decision logs is highly constrained by their format and context of use. Despite this, decision log records suggest that experienced detectives display strategic decision making to avoid confirmation and satisficing, which affect less experienced detectives. Application Potential applications of this research include both training in case documentation and the development of new decision log media that encourage detectives, irrespective of experience, to generate multiple hypotheses and optimize the timely selection of evidence to test them.
Reward-related limbic memory and stimulation of the cannabinoid system: An upgrade in value attribution?
Authors: Brancato Anna , Cavallaro Angela , Lavanco Gianluca , Plescia Fulvio , Cannizzaro Carla 
Published: September 2017

While a lot is known about the mechanisms promoting aversive learning, the impact of rewarding factors on memory has received comparatively less attention. This research investigates reward-related explicit memory in male rats, by taking advantage of the emotional-object recognition test. This is based on the prior association, during conditioned learning, between a rewarding experience (the encounter with a receptive female rat) and an object; afterwards rat discrimination and recognition of the ‘emotional object’ is recorded in the presence of a novel object, as a measure of positive limbic memory formation. Since endocannabinoids are critical for processing reward and motivation, the consequences of the stimulation of cannabinoid signalling are also assessed by the administration of WIN 55,212-2 at pre- and post-conditioning time. Our results show that rats encode the association between object and rewarding experience, form positive limbic memory of the emotional object, and retrieve this information in the face of novelty. Stimulation of the cannabinoid system at pre-conditioning time is able to strengthen reward-related explicit memory in the presence of novelty, whereas post-conditioning activation increases approach behaviour to novel stimuli. The assessment of limbic memory by the emotional-object recognition test can help unveiling the addictive and confounding properties of psychotropic drugs.
The Impact of Age on Morbidity and Mortality following Esophagectomy for Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Mcloughlin James M. , Lewis James M. , Meredith Kenneth L. 
Published: September 2017

Background In patients with esophageal cancer, treatment decisions often involve a balance between a high-risk procedure and the chance for long-term benefit. The decision can be additionally challenging for elderly patients since some studies have reported an increased incidence of morbidity and mortality in this age group, and data are not clear on the overall benefit of multimodality therapy. Methods To investigate the management and outcomes associated with esophagectomy in elderly patients with esophageal cancer, we performed a review of the literature as well as an analysis of our own institutional data, with a focus on the impact of age on surgical outcomes. We examined type of surgery, neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy, postoperative complications, length of hospitalization, and mortality as variables in elderly patients with esophageal cancer. Results When assessing the impact of age on the success of esophagectomy, several studies have concluded that advanced age itself is not a predictor of outcomes as much as associated comorbidities are. Our own experience suggests that age is not associated with adverse outcomes when controlling for patient comorbidities. This finding is similar to data reported elsewhere. Conclusions When considering treatment for patients of advanced age, the risks of treatment should be compared with the survival benefits of the therapy prescribed, taking into account additional factors such as poor performance status, existing comorbidities, and residual tumor following neoadjuvant therapy. Many reports, as well as our own experience, have concluded that when adjusted for comorbidities, patient age does not significantly affect outcomes.
Phenotypic and genotypic detection of carbapenemase enzymes producing gram-negative bacilli isolated from patients in Khartoum State
Authors: Dahab R.A. , Ibrahim Alamin Mohamed , Altayb Hisham N. 
Published: September 2017

Background: Carbapenems are used as antibiotics of last resort for treating infections due to multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli, but emergence of Carbapenem resistant Gram-negative bacilli have been reported due to the production of Carbapenemase enzymes that significantly limits treatment options for life-threatening infections. Objective: This study aimed to detect Carbapenem resistant Gram-negative bacilli from patients attended to different hospitals in Khartoum state and to detect Carbapenemase enzymes production by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted in Khartoum state in the period from February to August 2016. Hundred and forty nine Gram-negative bacilli bacteria were isolated from different clinical specimens. Blood agar, Chromogenic agar media, MacConkey agar, XLD mediaandstandard biochemical tests were used for isolation and identification of Gram-negative bacilli from different samples. Standard antimicrobial susceptibility testing to Carbapenem antibiotic was performed for all isolates, then detection of Carbapenemase enzymes production for the resistant isolates was performed using Modified Hodge Test and PCR. Results: Hundred and forty nine Gram-negative bacilli were isolated from 147 different clinical specimens. The most predominant Gram-negative bacilli isolates was E.coli (54.4%), followed by Klebsiella species (29.5%). More than fifty percent of the isolates were Carbapenem resistant. Fifty six percent of the resistant isolates were positive by Modified Hodge Test. By using PCR, 17.3% of resistant organisms were harbored blaOXA48 gene, and 6.7% harbored blaIMP gene. E.coli was the most bacteria that harbored the blaoxa48 followed by Klebsiella species. blaIMP gene was harbored only by E.coli. Conclusion: The percentage of resistance to Carbapenems due to production of Carbapenemase enzymes is very high in Sudan.BlaOXA48 gene is more predominant than blaIMP in this study.
Kodaira–Saito vanishing via Higgs bundles in positive characteristic
Authors: Arapura Donu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to give a new proof of a special case of the Kodaira–Saito vanishing theorem for a variation of Hodge structure on the complement of a divisor with normal crossings. The proof does not use the theory of mixed Hodge modules, but instead reduces it to a more general vanishing theorem for semistable nilpotent Higgs bundles, which is then proved by using some facts about Higgs bundles in positive characteristic.
Halicarnassus – Salmakis. A pre-Classical sympoliteia?
Authors: Piñol-Villanueva Adrià 
Published: September 2017

Summary:
The article focuses on the status of the settlement of Salmakis and the Salmakitans mentioned in two Halicarnassian inscriptions: Syll.3 46 and Syll.3 45 respectively. On the basis of some thematic and formal features of Syll.3 45, it is suggested that the status quo mirrored in the inscription is that resulting from a sympoliteia whereby Halicarnassus had absorbed the neighbouring polis of Salmakis. The article closes with some considerations on the possible location of Salmakis.
Lucius Sergius Catilina. Karriereperspektiven und Karriere eineshomo paene novusin der späten Römischen Republik
Authors: Schietinger Georg-Philipp 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung:Berühmt-berüchtigt ist L. Sergius Catilina für seinen letztlich misslungenen Staatsstreich, dieconiuratio Catilinae. Seiner gescheiterten Verschwörung sowie deren Instrumentalisierung durch Sallust und Cicero verdankt er überhaupt seinen verhältnismäßig hohen Bekanntheitsgrad. So pendelt folgerichtig das Catilina-Bild zwischen dem ruchlosen Verbrecher auf der einen und dem Sozialrevolutionär auf der anderen Seite. Beide Betrachtungsweisen verstellen den Blick auf den genuinen, historischen Catilina als relativ verarmten und sozial wie politisch abgestiegenen Patrizierspross. Als solcher strebte er nach der Restaurierung seiner altehrwürdigengens, was er mittels eines erfolgreichencursus honorumbis hinauf zum Konsulat zu erreichen trachtete. Im Zeitraum zwischen 66 und 63 v. Chr. bot sich ihm dafür wegen des schlagbaren Mitbewerberfelds ein einmaliges Chancenfenster. Spätestens ab 63 v. Chr. versuchte er seine karriereperspektivischen Defizite, nämlich die dürftigecommendatio maiorum, die unzureichende Profilierung durch eigene Erfolge während seiner frühen politischen Laufbahn und das Fehlen eines mächtigen Förderers mittels eines dezidiert politisch-programmatischen Wahlkampfes zu kompensieren.
Meniere's Disease: An Overview and Training Considerations
Authors: Piper Timothy J. , Paulsen Trevor D. , Black Laurie , Brees Taryn N. , Schulte Jefree J. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
MENIERE'S DISEASE IS A CHRONIC DISORDER THAT AFFECTS HEARING AND BALANCE. CURRENTLY, 615,000 INDIVIDUALS IN THE UNITED STATES SUFFER FROM MENIERE'S DISEASE, YET THERE IS LITTLE INFORMATION RELATED TO SPECIFIC TRAINING METHODS OR PRACTICES. THIS ARTICLE WILL ADDRESS THE IDENTIFICATION, MANAGEMENT PROCESS, TRAINING RECOMMENDATIONS, AND CONSIDERATIONS FOR THIS UNIQUE POPULATION.
Genome-Wide Analysis of DNA Methylation During Ovule Development of Female-Sterile Rice fsv1
Authors: Liu Helian , Wu Ya , Cao Aqin , Mao Bigang , Zhao Bingran , Wang Jianbo 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The regulation of female fertility is an important field of rice sexual reproduction research. DNA methylation is an essential epigenetic modification that dynamically regulates gene expression during development processes. However, few reports have described the methylation profiles of female-sterile rice during ovule development. In this study, ovules were continuously acquired from the beginning of megaspore mother cell meiosis until the mature female gametophyte formation period, and global DNA methylation patterns were compared in the ovules of a high-frequency female-sterile line (fsv1) and a wild-type rice line (Gui99) using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS). Profiling of the global DNA methylation revealed hypo-methylation, and 3471 significantly differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were observed in fsv1 ovules compared with Gui99. Based on functional annotation and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of differentially methylated genes (DMGs), we observed more DMGs enriched in cellular component, reproduction regulation, metabolic pathway, and other pathways. In particular, many ovule development genes and plant hormone-related genes showed significantly different methylation patterns in the two rice lines, and these differences may provide important clues for revealing the mechanism of female gametophyte abortion.
An Investigation of Teacher-Student Relationship in Islamic History of Education
Authors: Zulqarnain Muhammad 
Published: September 2017

Abstract This paper is an attempt to explore the nature of the relationship between teachers and students in Islamic history of education. The research was triggered as a result of investigation that highlighted disappointing teacher-student relationship in contemporary education system. By employing descriptive and qualitative research method the study established that teacher-student relationship had been given an astonishing milieu in Islamic history and was considered one of the core causes for education par excellence. This relationship was based on care, sympathy, mutual understanding, cooperation and common respect. It was concluded that this healthy relationship enhanced class participation, confidence, critical thinking, research and oral communication skills including in areas of interpersonal skills and personality development of the students. The research, therefore, recommends establishing healthy relationship among students and teachers by captivating direction from Islamic history of education since it is perceived not only to improve quality of education but also to equip learners with additional competencies. Abstrak Artikel ini adalah sebuah percobaan untuk meneliti hakikat hubungan antara guru dan siswa dalam sejarah pendidikan Islam. Penelitian dipicu sebagai hasil dari investigasi yang mengarisbawahi hubungan buruk antara guru dan siswa dalam sistem pendidikan yang kontemporer. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif dan qualitatif, studi membentuk bahwa hubungan guru-siswa sudah diberikan lingkungan pergaulan yang mengherankan dalam sejarah Islam dan dianggap salah satu akar penyebab persamaan mutu pendidikan. Hubungan ini terbangun atas dasar perhatian, simpati, saling memahami, kerjasama dan menghormati. Hal tersebut disimpulkan bahwa hubungan yang sehat ini meningkatkan partisipasi kelas, kepercayadirian, berpikir kritis, penelitian dan kemampuan komunikasi secara lisan termasuk dalam ranah kemampuan interpersonal dan pengembangan diri siswa. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini merekomendasikan untuk membangun hubungan yang sehat antara siswa dan guru dengan mengarahkan arahan dari sejarah pendidikan Islam karena dianggap tidak hanya untuk meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan, tetapi juga untuk membekali siswa dengan kompetensi tambahan. How to Cite : Zulqarnain, M. (2017). An Investigation of Teacher-Student Relationship in Islamic History of Education. TARBIYA: Journal of Education in Muslim Society, 4(1), 13-21. doi:10.15408/tjems.v4i1. 5317. Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/tjems.v4i1.5317