bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antiferromagnetic Skyrmion: Stability, Creation and Manipulation
Authors: Zhang Xichao , Zhou Yan , Ezawa Motohiko 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMagnetic skyrmions are particle-like topological excitations in ferromagnets, which have the topo-logical number Q = ± 1 and hence show the skyrmion Hall effect (SkHE) due to the Magnus force effect originating from the topology. Here, we propose the counterpart of the magnetic skyrmion in the antiferromagnetic (AFM) system, that is, the AFM skyrmion, which is topologically protected but without showing the SkHE. Two approaches for creating the AFM skyrmion have been described based on micromagnetic lattice simulations: (i) by injecting a vertical spin-polarized current to a nanodisk with the AFM ground state; (ii) by converting an AFM domain-wall pair in a nanowire junction. It is demonstrated that the AFM skyrmion, driven by the spin-polarized current, can move straightly over long distance, benefiting from the absence of the SkHE. Our results will open a new strategy on designing the novel spintronic devices based on AFM materials.
A upconversion luminescene biosensor based on dual-signal amplification for the detection of short DNA species of c-erbB-2 oncogene
Authors: Lan Jianming , Liu Yingxin , Li Li , Wen Fadi , Wu Fang , Han Zhizhong , Sun Weiming , Li Chunyan , Chen Jinghua 
Published: April 2016

AbstractHigh-sensitivity detection of trace amounts of c-erbB-2 oncogene was reported to be equal to or surpass the ability of CA 15-3 for early diagnosis and/or follow-up recurrent screening of breast cancer. Therefore, in the current study, by using upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), rare earth-doped NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+as the luminescent labels, a upconversion luminescent (UCL) biosensor based on dual-signal amplification of exonuclease III (ExoIII)-assisted target cycles and long-range self-assembly DNA concatamers was developed for the detection of c-erbB-2 oncogene. The proposed biosensor exhibited ultrasensitive detection with limit as low as 40 aM, which may express the potential of being used in trace analysis of c-erbB-2 oncogene and early diagnosis of breast cancer.
Negative thermal expansion and broad band photoluminescence in a novel material of ZrScMo2VO12
Authors: Ge Xianghong , Mao Yanchao , Liu Xiansheng , Cheng Yongguang , Yuan Baohe , Chao Mingju , Liang Erjun 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we present a novel material with the formula of ZrScMo2VO12 for the first time. It was demonstrated that this material exhibits not only excellent negative thermal expansion (NTE) property over a wide temperature range (at least from 150 to 823 K), but also very intense photoluminescence covering the entire visible region. Structure analysis shows that ZrScMo2VO12 has an orthorhombic structure with the space group Pbcn (No. 60) at room temperature. A phase transition from monoclinic to orthorhombic structure between 70 and 90 K is also revealed. The intense white light emission is tentatively attributed to the n- and p-type like co-doping effect which creates not only the donor- and acceptor-like states in the band gap, but also donor-acceptor pairs and even bound exciton complexes. The excellent NTE property integrated with the intense white-light emission implies a potential application of this material in light emitting diode and other photoelectric devices.
Segmental Surface Referencing during Intraoperative Three-dimensional Image-Guided Spine Navigation: An Early Validation with Comparison to Automated Referencing
Authors: Al-Habib Amro F. , Al-Akkad Salah 
Published: April 2016

Study Design Interventional human cadaver study. Objective Intraoperative three-dimensional (3-D)-guided navigation improves spine instrumentation accuracy. However, image acquisition may need to be repeated with segment hypermobility or distant target from reference frame (RF). The current study evaluates the usefulness of internal metal fiducials (IMFs) as surface references in enhancing registration accuracy and avoiding repeating imaging. Methods Six fresh-frozen cadaveric human torsos were utilized. Posterior C1–T2 exposure was done, and three IMFs were inserted per level; intraoperative 3-D images were then acquired. Two registration methods were utilized: autoregistration (AR, group 1) and point registration using IMF (IMFR, group 2). Registration accuracy was checked by identifying IMFs in both groups. Pedicle screws inserted into C2, C4, C5, and C7 based on the two registration methods (three cadavers each) with RF on C7 and then on C2. Results The mean registration error was lower with IMFR compared with AR (0.35 ± 0.5 mm versus 2.02 ± 0.85 mm, p = 0.0001). Overall, 34 pedicle screws were inserted (AR, 18; IMFR, 16). Final screw placement was comparable using both techniques ( p = 0.58). Lateral screws violations were observed in four IMFR screws (1 to 2 mm) as compared with five in AR group (2 to 3 mm). Reregistration after moving RF to C2 was possible using surface screws in IMFR group, thus avoiding new 3-D image acquisition. Conclusion During intraoperative 3-D navigation in spine procedures, surface fiducial registration using IMF provided superior accuracy over automated registration. It allowed repeat registration without repeating radiation during long spine segment instrumentations. More studies are needed to clarify both practical and clinical application of this method.
Complications after Fusion for Thoracolumbar Fractures in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Puvanesarajah Varun , Cancienne Jourdan M. , Shimer Adam L. , Shen Francis H. , Hassanzadeh Hamid 
Published: April 2016

Study Design Retrospective analysis of a Medicare database (2005 to 2012). Objective To study postoperative complication rates following thoracolumbar fusion for traumatic thoracolumbar fracture in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) compared with patients without AS. Methods The PearlDiver database (2005 to 2012) was queried to examine postoperative complication rates in patients with AS undergoing posterior thoracolumbar fusion for thoracolumbar fracture ( n  =  968). Complication rates were compared with proportion-matched controls without AS undergoing the same procedure ( n  =  1,979). We examined and compared the incidence of death, postoperative infection, transfusion, venous thromboembolism, respiratory failure, pneumonia, myocardial infarction, urinary tract infection, and acute renal failure in each cohort within 90 days postoperatively. Results Patients with AS had significantly higher rates of surgical site infection (odds ratio [OR] 1.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2 to 2.2, p  =  0.002), day-of-surgery transfusion rates (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.3 to 1.8, p < 0.0001), respiratory failure (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3 to 2.5, p  =  0.0006), pneumonia (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3 to 2.5, p  =  0.0002), acute renal failure (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.3, p  =  0.005), and total medical complications (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.2 to 1.9, p < 0.0001). Ninety-day mortality was not different between the two cohorts ( p  =  0.18). Conclusions Thoracolumbar fusion for thoracolumbar fracture in patients with AS is associated with increased rates of surgical site infection, transfusion, respiratory failure, pneumonia, and acute renal failure postoperatively compared with patients without AS. The level of evidence in this study was III.
Canonical NF-κB signaling is uniquely required for the long-term persistence of functional mature B cells
Authors: Derudder Emmanuel , Herzog Sebastian , Labi Verena , Yasuda Tomoharu , Köchert Karl , Janz Martin , Villunger Andreas , Schmidt-Supprian Marc , Rajewsky Klaus 
Published: April 2016

SignificanceMature B cells are long-lived cells responsible for the Ab production in the immune system. Canonical NF-κB signaling, one of the two discrete pathways activating transcription factors of the NF-κB family, participates in the generation of a normal mature B-cell compartment. However, the role of these signals specifically in mature B cells is still imperfectly defined. Notably, their role in the persistence of follicular B cells, the main mature B-cell subset, is controversial. Here, we show that canonical NF-κB signaling does not contribute to immediate (short-term) survival of follicular B cells, contrasting with the crucial tonic B-cell antigen receptor survival signals, but is required for their long-term persistence as well as functional fitness.
Synthesis, characterization and fluorescent properties of water-soluble glycopolymer bearing curcumin pendant residues
Authors: Zhang Haisong , Yu Meng , Zhang Hailei , Bai Libin , Wu Yonggang , Wang Sujuan , Ba Xinwu 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Curcumin is a potential natural anticancer drug with low oral bioavailability because of poor water solubility. The aqueous solubility of curcumin is enhanced by means of modification with the carbohydrate units. Polymerization of the curcumin-containing monomer with carbohydrate-containing monomer gives the water-soluble glycopolymer bearing curcumin pendant residues. The obtained copolymers (P1 and P2) having desirable water solubility were well-characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The copolymer P2 with a molar ratio of 1:6 (curcumin/carbohydrate) calculated from the proton NMR results exhibits a similar anticancer activity compared to original curcumin, which may serve as a potential chemotherapeutic agent in the field of anticancer medicine.
Castles in the Air
Authors: Jaffe Audrey 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This chapter discusses a structure of invitation and prohibition in the fantasies of Orley Farm’s characters and in Trollope’s own writing process, epitomized by the daydreams (“castles in the air”) he described as his own training for the writing of realist fiction. It highlights the question “Why should I not?” which introduces many of these characters’ daydreams, aligning the imagining of real-world prohibitions with the invitation to fantasize or daydream. And it also aligns social prohibitions with the idea of realism as a genre, extending the argument about realism and fantasy to a consideration of genres as ideological formations. Trollope ties his own realist labor to the labor of thinking his characters and, by extension, readers, must undertake as a condition of his own realism.
The mineral clouds on HD 209458b and HD 189733b
Authors: Helling Ch. , Lee E. , Dobbs-Dixon I. , Mayne N. , Amundsen D. S. , Khaimova J. , Unger A. A. , Manners J. , Acreman D. , Smith C. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
3D atmosphere model results are used to comparatively study the kinetic, non-equilibrium cloud formation in the atmospheres of two example planets guided by the giant gas planets HD 209458b and HD 189733b. Rather independently of hydrodynamic model differences, our cloud modelling suggest that both planets are covered in mineral clouds throughout the entire modelling domain. Both planets harbour chemically complex clouds that are made of mineral particles that have a height-dependent material composition and size. The remaining gas-phase element abundances strongly affect the molecular abundances of the atmosphere in the cloud-forming regions. Hydrocarbon and cyanopolyyne molecules can be rather abundant in the inner, dense part of the atmospheres of HD 189733b and HD 209458b. No one value for metallicity and the C/O ratio can be used to describe an extrasolar planet. Our results concerning the presence and location of water in relation to the clouds explain some of the observed difference between the two planets. In HD 189733b, strong water features have been reported while such features appear less strong for HD 209458b. By considering the location of the clouds in the two atmospheres, we see that obscuring clouds exist high in the atmosphere of HD 209458b, but much deeper in HD 189733b. We further conclude that the (self-imposed) degeneracy of cloud parameters in retrieval methods can only be lifted if the cloud formation processes are accurately modelled in contrast to prescribing them by independent parameters.
Modeling the causal regulatory network by integrating chromatin accessibility and transcriptome data
Authors: Wang Yong , Jiang Rui , Wong Wing Hung 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Cell packs a lot of genetic and regulatory information through a structure known as chromatin, i.e. DNA is wrapped around histone proteins and is tightly packed in a remarkable way. To express a gene in a specific coding region, the chromatin would open up and DNA loop may be formed by interacting enhancers and promoters. Furthermore, the mediator and cohesion complexes, sequence-specific transcription factors, and RNA polymerase II are recruited and work together to elaborately regulate the expression level. It is in pressing need to understand how the information, about when, where, and to what degree genes should be expressed, is embedded into chromatin structure and gene regulatory elements. Thanks to large consortia such as Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) and Roadmap Epigenomic projects, extensive data on chromatin accessibility and transcript abundance are available across many tissues and cell types. This rich data offer an exciting opportunity to model the causal regulatory relationship. Here, we will review the current experimental approaches, foundational data, computational problems, interpretive frameworks, and integrative models that will enable the accurate interpretation of regulatory landscape. Particularly, we will discuss the efforts to organize, analyze, model, and integrate the DNA accessibility data, transcriptional data, and functional genomic regions together. We believe that these efforts will eventually help us understand the information flow within the cell and will influence research directions across many fields.
Use of Dexmedetomidine Along With Local Infiltration Versus General Anesthesia for Burr Hole and Evacuation of Chronic Subdural Hematoma (CSDH)
Authors: Surve Rohini M. , Bansal Sonia , Reddy Madhusudan , Philip Mariamma 
Published: April 2016

Background:
In neurosurgery, chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a very common clinical entity. Both general anesthesia (GA) and local anesthesia with or without sedation are used for the surgical treatment of CSDH. Sedation with dexmedetomidine has been safely used for various diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. However, its effectiveness against GA has not been evaluated for surgical treatment of CSDH. We tried to compare dexmedetomidine sedation technique with the GA technique for surgical treatment of CSDH.

Materials and Methods:
In this prospective-randomized study, 76 patients undergoing surgery for CSDH were divided into 2 groups using computer-generated randomized tables; Dex group ([n=38]; received IV bolus of dexmedetomidine 1 mcg/kg over 10 min followed by maintenance infusion 0.5 mcg/kg/h) and GA group ([n=38; of which 4 patients were dropped out]; received endotracheal intubation with balanced anesthesia).

Results:
Both anesthesia techniques (Dex group; n=35/38 [92.1%] and GA group; n=34/34 [100%]) were successfully used for surgical treatment of CSDH. Significantly less time for anesthesia onset (14.2±4.2 vs. 20.5±3.4 min, P=0.001), total duration of surgery (77.1±23.9 vs. 102.7± 24.8 min, P=0.001), and recovery from anesthesia (7.4±5.9 vs. 13.2±6.5 min, P=0.004) was observed in the Dex group compared with GA group. Perioperative hemodynamic fluctuations were more common in the GA group as against the Dex group. Postoperative complications (n=2 vs. 9, P=0.021) and length of hospital stay (1.05±0.23 vs. 1.79±2.1 d, P=0.007) were significantly less in the Dex group as against the GA group.

Conclusions:
Dexmedetomidine sedation with local anesthesia is a safe and effective technique for burr hole and evacuation of CSDH. It is associated with significantly shorter operative time, lesser hemodynamic fluctuations, postoperative complications, and length of hospital stay, thus it is a better alternative to GA.
Mean platelet volume and red cell distribution width to platelet ratio for predicting the severity of hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Karagöz Ergenekon , Tanoğlu Alpaslan , Ülçay Asim , Erdem Hakan , Turhan Vedat , Kara Muammer , Yazgan Yusuf 
Published: April 2016

Objective
We designed this study to investigate the relationship between the severity of fibrosis and mean platelet volume (MPV), red cell distribution width, and red cell distribution width to platelet ratio (RPR) in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC).

Design
Overall, 98 biopsy-proven naïve CHC cases were enrolled in the study. Complete blood count variables, including white blood cell, hemoglobin, platelet count, MPV, red cell distribution width, platelet distribution width as well as aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, total bilirubin, albumin, and other routine biochemical parameters, were tested. Liver biopsy samples were assessed according to the Ishak scoring system. Data analyses were carried out using SPSS-15 software. Statistical significance was set at a P-value of less than 0.05.

Results
Of the 98 cases, 80 (81.6%) were men and 18 (18.4%) were women. Fibrosis scores of 69 cases (70.4%) (group 1) were less than 3, whereas 29 cases had fibrosis scores at least 3 (29.6%) (group 2). Significant differences in MPV and RPR were observed between these two groups (MPV: 8.19±1.002 vs. 8.63±0.67 fl, P<0.05; RPR: 0.0526±0.02 vs. 0.0726±0.02, P=0.001). The areas under the curve of the RPR and MPV for predicting significant fibrosis were 0.705 and 0.670, which was superior to the aspartate transaminase-to-alanine transaminase ratio and aspartate transaminase-to-platelet ratio index scores of the study group. Cut-off values were calculated for diagnostic performance, and the cut-off values for MPV and RPR were 8.5 and 0.07 fl, respectively.

Conclusion
MPV and RPR values were significantly higher in patients with CHC, associated with severity, and can be used to predict advanced histological liver damage. The use of MPV and RPR may reduce the need for liver biopsy. Further studies are required to determine the relationship between these parameters and the severity of fibrosis in hepatitis C patients.
Spiritual Well-being in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Receiving Noncurative Chemotherapy
Authors: Rohde Gudrun , Kersten Christian , Vistad Ingvild , Mesel Terje 
Published: April 2016

Background:
Spiritual well-being (SWB) is an important quality-of-life dimension for cancer patients in the palliative phase. Therefore, it is important for healthcare professionals to recognize the concept of SWB from the patient’s point of view. A deeper understanding of how patients experience and reflect upon these issues might influence patient care.

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to explore SWB in colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in the palliative phase.

Methods:
We used a qualitative method of in-depth interviews and a hermeneutic editing approach for the analyses and interpretations.

Results:
Twenty colorectal cancer patients in the palliative phase, aged 34 to 75 years, were included: 12 patients were receiving first-line chemotherapy, and 8 patients were receiving second-line chemotherapy. Through empirical analyses, we identified subthemes according to the SWB dimensions defined by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality-of-life group. Under the SWB dimension, (i) relationships with self and others, we identified the subthemes: (a) strategies for inner harmony and (b) sharing feelings with significant others. Under the dimension, (ii) existential issues, we identified the subtheme (c) coping with end-of-life thoughts. Under the dimension, (iii) specifically religious and/or spiritual beliefs and practices, we identified the subtheme (d) seeking faith as inner support.

Conclusion:
Knowledge about cancer patients’ use of different strategies to increase their SWB may help healthcare professionals to guide patients through this vulnerable phase.

Implication for Practice:
Healthcare professionals need sufficient courage and willingness to share their patients’ thoughts, beliefs, and grief to be able to guide patients toward improving their SWB.
Severe Acute Kidney Injury Following Stage 1 Norwood Palliation: Effect on Outcomes and Risk of Severe Acute Kidney Injury at Subsequent Surgical Stages*
Authors: Wong Joshua H. , Selewski David T. , Yu Sunkyung , Leopold Kay E. , Roberts Katelyn H. , Donohue Janet E. , Ohye Richard G. , Charpie John R. , Goldberg Caren S. , DeWitt Aaron G. 
Published: April 2016

Objectives:
To identify associations of severe acute kidney injury early after stage 1 (Norwood) operation with risk of severe acute kidney injury and comorbidities at subsequent palliative stages in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and other single ventricle lesions with left-sided obstruction.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study. Severe acute kidney injury defined as Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes stage 3.

Setting:
Single pediatric cardiac center.

Patients:
Infants less than or equal to 28 days old with single ventricle physiology and left-sided obstruction undergoing stage 1 operation between September 2007 and November 2012 (n = 136).

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
The occurrence rate of severe acute kidney injury was 21% (28/136) following stage 1, 12% (12/98) following stage 2 palliation (superior cavo-pulmonary anastomosis), and 10% (7/73) following stage 3 palliation (total cavo-pulmonary anastomosis). Severe acute kidney injury early after stage 1 operation was significantly associated with continuous intravenous loop diuretic infusion, need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and in-hospital death (all p < 0.05). Gestational age at birth was associated with severe acute kidney injury at stage 2 (p = 0.04) and stage 3 (p = 0.01). Severe acute kidney injury at stage 1 was an independent risk factor for severe acute kidney injury at stage 2 (adjusted odds ratio, 4.3; 95% CI, 1.1–16.9; p = 0.04). Development of severe acute kidney injury after stage 1 was associated with longer mechanical ventilation time after stage 3 (p = 0.047).

Conclusions:
Severe acute kidney injury after stage 1 palliation was an independent risk factor for developing severe acute kidney injury at stage 2, and was associated with prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation following stage 3. Information on the incidence and associated risk factors for postoperative acute kidney injury in hypoplastic left heart syndrome patients from multiple congenital heart centers is a necessary next step to further understand the long-term burden of severe acute kidney injury after staged palliation.