bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies on drug delivery from dissolving microneedle and its uptake in tissue
Authors: Mondal Sumana , Mandal Prashanta Kumar 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this study, a mathematical model for transdermal drug administration using a dissolving conical microneedle (MN) is developed. The drug is absorbed in the blood compartment after passing through the skin’s viable epidermis. Reversible reaction kinetics then allow the drug to enter the tissue compartment. An unsteady reaction equation is used to predict the drug’s distribution into the skin following MN’s dissolution. An unsteady reaction mechanism is used to determine the concentrations in the blood and tissue compartments. Using the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method, the governing equations with their initial conditions are solved numerically. The MN is expected to dissolve completely in 108.1 s, according to the predicted results, while the concentration in the skin peaks at 94.4 s. The concentrations in the tissue and blood compartments, however, reach their respective maximal amounts later on. In this investigation, the impacts of the drug’s mass fraction, volume fraction, and penetration rate cannot be completely ruled out. A thorough sensitivity analysis has been carried out for some of the parameters involved. Our findings closely align with the findings reported in the literature.
Microfluidic reservoir integrated with optimized screen-printed electrode for simultaneous detection of ascorbic acid and L-cysteine
Authors: Nair Parvathy , Amreen Khairunnisa , Ponnalagu R N , Goel Sanket 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Biomarker detection is crucial in the healthcare industry as it gives important insights into the field of disease diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. This work demonstrates a flexible carbon-based screen-printed electrode (CSPE) modified with carboxylic acid functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT-COOH) for simultaneous detection of Ascorbic acid (AA) and L-cysteine (CySH). The electrochemical properties of the fabricated film are studied using the cyclic voltammetry and Amperometry technique. The MWCNT-COOH/CSPE showed good electrocatalytic activity for oxidation of CySH and AA. Favorable ionic interaction, or electrostatic attraction, between the analytes and MWCNT-COOH increased the detection capability. The fabricated electrode is incorporated with a microfluidic reservoir to hold the analyte that can separately detect AA and CySH using the device. The device is tested for a linear range of 0.01 mM–20 mM for both analytes. The detection limit for AA and CySH obtained using amperometry analysis is 3.07 µM and 5.72 µM, respectively. Also, the calculated quantification limits values are 9.11 µM and 17.3 µM, respectively for AA and CySH. Further, the device demonstrates appreciable results in both real sample analysis and interference analysis. The device, enabled with screen printed electrodes and microfluidic reservoir, opens a new method for simultaneous multiplexed detection enabling the detection of many different biomarkers on the same experimental setup.
Research on a novel non-uniform and asymmetric ultrasonic vibration system
Authors: Zhao Chongyang , Liu Yizhuo , Wang Zhenzhou , Han Jishan , Zhao Bo , Tang Jinyuan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A new type of non-uniform and asymmetric ultrasonic vibration system (UVS) is proposed and applied to the turning process. The research results show that the design theory of the non-uniform and non-symmetric UVS is accurate and reliable. The theoretical design frequency and modal simulation frequency error of ultrasonic vibration turning system is only 2.5%. The designed non-uniform and non-symmetric UVS has excellent vibration performance and stability, and the established simulation model can predict surface microtexture accurately. The vibration mode output by the non-uniform and non-symmetric UVS is longitudinal-bending vibration, and the actual vibration performance is excellent. Compared with conventional cutting, the addition of longitudinal-bending ultrasonic vibration under the same conditions can give the machined surface a microscopic textured structure, reduce surface roughness and water contact angle, and improve surface wettability. The minimum surface roughness obtained in the experiment is 1.005 μm. The orthogonal experiment results show that there is a correlation between the machining parameters, surface micro-structure parameters, surface wettability, and surface roughness.
A case study about a Hungarian online course on gravitational-wave astrophysics
Authors: Molnár András , Raffai Péter 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We review the impact of an online course on gravitational-wave astrophysics aimed at high school students. We launched the video course in 2021 on the web page Webuni in Hungarian. Since then, there have been more than 300 participants attending the course. Our case study aimed to determine how well such a course can give an overall picture about the topic and to measure how the attitude of Year 9 and 10 students to physics change with their participation in the course. The data were collected from 22 students in the academic year 2021/2022 with surveys measuring the changes in knowledge and attitude towards physics. The students showed significant improvement in both lexical and conceptual knowledge by a factor of 2.2 in test-scores and found the course easy to follow (rated 4.2 out of 5). We observed significant change in attitude only towards ‘following of gravitational-wave related news and discoveries’, from 1.8 to 2.8 on a scale of 1–6. The participants considered that they enjoyed (4.3 out of 5), found useful (4.4 out of 5) and would recommend (4.4 out of 5) the course to others. Most of the students (92%) in the sample tested were from Hungary’s capital city and two thirds were girls, therefore our results are not representative of the Hungarian student population.
Quantitative evaluation of anti-biofilm cavitation activity seeded from microbubbles or protein cavitation nuclei by passive acoustic mapping
Authors: Keller Sara B , LuTheryn Gareth , Gray Michael D , Lyons Brian , Cleveland Robin O , Stride Eleanor , Coussios Constantin C 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective. Bacterial biofilms represent a major challenge for effective antibiotic therapy as they confer physical and functional changes that protect bacteria from their surrounding environment. In this work, focused ultrasound in combination with cavitation nuclei was used to disrupt biofilms of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, both of which are on the World Health Organization’s priority list for new antimicrobial research. Approach. Single species biofilms were exposed to ultrasound (0.5 MHz center frequency, 0.5–1.5 MPa peak rarefactional pressure, 200 cycle pulses, 5 Hz repetition frequency, 30 s duration), in the presence of two different types of cavitation nuclei. Quantitative passive acoustic mapping (PAM) was used to monitor cavitation emissions during treatment using a calibrated linear array. Main Results. It was observed that the cumulative energy of acoustic emissions during treatment was positively correlated with biofilm disruption, with differences between bacterial species attributed to differences in biofilm morphology. PCaN provided increased biofilm reduction compared to microbubbles due in large part to their persistence over the duration of ultrasound exposure. There was also good correlation between the spatial distribution of cavitation as characterized by PAM and the extent of biofilm disruption observed with microscopy. Significance. Collectively, the results from this work indicate the potential broad applicability of cavitation for eliminating biofilms of priority pathogens and the opportunity presented by PAM for real-time monitoring of antimicrobial processes.
A clustering tool for generating biological geometries for computational modeling in radiobiology
Authors: Ortiz Ramon , Ramos-Méndez José 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective. To develop a computational tool that converts biological images into geometries compatible with computational software dedicated to the Monte Carlo simulation of radiation transport (TOPAS), and subsequent biological tissue responses (CompuCell3D). The depiction of individual biological entities from segmentation images is essential in computational radiobiological modeling for two reasons: image pixels or voxels representing a biological structure, like a cell, should behave as a single entity when simulating biological processes, and the action of radiation in tissues is described by the association of biological endpoints to physical quantities, as radiation dose, scored the entire group of voxels assembling a cell. Approach. The tool is capable of cropping and resizing the images and performing clustering of image voxels to create independent entities (clusters) by assigning a unique identifier to these voxels conforming to the same cluster. The clustering algorithm is based on the adjacency of voxels with image values above an intensity threshold to others already assigned to a cluster. The performance of the tool to generate geometries that reproduced original images was evaluated by the dice similarity coefficient (DSC), and by the number of individual entities in both geometries. A set of tests consisting of segmentation images of cultured neuroblastoma cells, two cell nucleus populations, and the vasculature of a mouse brain were used. Main results. The DSC was 1.0 in all images, indicating that original and generated geometries were identical, and the number of individual entities in both geometries agreed, proving the ability of the tool to cluster voxels effectively following user-defined specifications. The potential of this tool in computational radiobiological modeling, was shown by evaluating the spatial distribution of DNA double-strand-breaks after microbeam irradiation in a segmentation image of a cell culture. Significance. This tool enables the use of realistic biological geometries in computational radiobiological studies.
Superconducting cable with energy storage function and its potential for next-generation power system compatible with large-scale renewable energy installation
Authors: Higashikawa Kohei , Kiss Takanobu , Kitaguchi Hitoshi , Hirano Naoki , Hayashi Kazuhiko , Muyeen S M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The mass introduction of renewable energy is essential to realize a sustainable society. On the other hand, when photovoltaic (PV) and wind power generation are used as main power sources in a power system, it is indispensable to compensate for their severe output fluctuations up to the rating of the power system; however, this is difficult to achieve with conventional energy storage devices alone. To solve this problem, we have proposed a superconducting cable with energy storage function and its use in a DC power system. This cable provides large inertia to the power system without the need for additional energy storage equipment; as a result, the power system itself become capable of high-speed and high-power compensating operations for output fluctuations from renewable energy sources. This paper summarizes our recent works on this research topic: an overview of the proposal, conceptual design of the cable, experimental verification of the principle, and positive effects on the energy use efficiency of renewable energy. For example, an experiment with the use of a small model cable showed the capability of high-speed charge–discharge operations at a high power up to the rating of the microgrid. It was also showed that such a function was indispensable for real-time use of electric power from PV power generation resulting in significant enhancement of energy use efficiency of renewable energy. These results suggest that this concept hold the key to next-generation power systems enabling massive use of renewable energy in the future society.
Evaluation of single silicon vacancy centers in nanodiamonds created by ion implantation at cryogenic temperatures
Authors: Shimazaki Konosuke , Suzuki Kazuki , Sakamoto Kengo , Okashiro Yudai , Abe Hiroshi , Ohshima Takeshi , Takashima Hideaki , Takeuchi Shigeki 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Silicon vacancy (SiV) centers in diamonds have attracted much attention because of their stability and narrow emission linewidth, and are promising for applications in quantum information technology. SiV-center-encapsulated nanodiamonds have also attracted much attention because of their potential to be coupled to various photonic devices. One efficient way to fabricate nanodiamonds that contain SiV centers is Si ion implantation into nanodiamonds. However, the evaluation of a single SiV center in a nanodiamond produced by this method at low temperatures has not been performed. In this study, we report on the optical properties of a single SiV center in a nanodiamond produced by ion implantation at cryogenic temperatures. The emission spectrum from a single SiV center (

g
2

(
0
)
=
0.19

) was observed with four distinct fine splittings of the zero-phonon line (ZPL) at 4 K. At an excitation power of 50

μ

W, the full width at half maximum of the ZPL reached the spectrometer resolution limit (0.09 nm). The temperature dependence of the emission peak is consistent with that of the emission coming from an SiV center under high strain. The results obtained in this work suggest that nanodiamonds containing single SiV centers formed using this method will be an important building block for the realization of quantum information applications.
Bipolar complex fuzzy near rings
Authors: Rehman Ubaid ur , Alnefaie Kholood , Mahmood Tahir 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this article, we devise the novel concept of bipolar complex fuzzy (BCF) near rings (BCFNR), to fill a momentous research gap in connection of bipolar complex fuzzy sets with the theory of near rings in the existing literature. We expand the theory of near ring into the structure of BCF set (BCFS), offering a more suitable approach for the representation of algebraic systems with inherent ambiguity, bipolarity, and 2nd dimension information. Further, we introduce the concept of the bipolar complex fuzzy sub-near ring (BCFSNR), bipolar complex fuzzy left ideal (BCFLI), bipolar complex fuzzy right ideal (BCFRI), and bipolar complex fuzzy ideal (BCFI) in the near ring. After that, we prove the related theorem and results of these devised concepts. We also introduce theorems based on the homomorphism theory and Noetherian theory of near rings within the frame of bipolar complex fuzzy near rings. At the end of the manuscript, we reveal the application of BCFNRs in decision-making (DM) and illustrate it through an example.
Green synthesis and antimicrobial study on the catechin-functionalized Fe3O4-Ag magnetic nanocomposites
Authors: Liu Shengkai , Chang Cheng , Chen Boyu , Song Han , Fan Jiashen , Fu Yujie , Liu Zhiguo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this study, catechin-functionalized Fe3O4-Ag nanocomposites were synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The motivation for this study was to develop a novel antibacterial agent with enhanced stability and biocompatibility. The objective was to create a nanocomposite combining the antimicrobial properties of silver with the antioxidant and bioactive characteristics of catechin. We hypothesized that the synergistic effect of catechin and Fe3O4-Ag would yield a highly effective antibacterial material against common pathogens. The obtained nanocomposites were characterized by TEM, SEM, AFM, XPS, XRD, FTIR and physical property measurement system (PPMS). TEM images indicated that catechin-functionalized Fe3O4-Ag nanocomposites have a spherical morphology with an average size of 25.7 nm. The SEM and AFM imaging revealed that the nanocomposites appear as a number of large particles with average diameter of 581 nm. XPS and XRD and FTIR measurement confirmed the presence of catechin components, Fe3O4 and Ag in the nanocomposites. Taken together, we conclude that the catechin-Fe3O4-Ag nanocomposites in this study have a jujube cake structure in which the Fe3O4-Ag alloy nanoparticles serve as the jujube and the condensed catechin form into the cake substrate. The antimicrobial test indicated the catechin-functionalized Fe3O4-Ag nanocomposites have obvious inhibitory effects on E.coli, S.aureus, and C.albicans.
Development of ANN model for predicting mechanical properties of 3D printed PEEK polymer using FDM and optimization of process parameters for better mechanical properties
Authors: Borah Jyotisman , Chandrasekaran M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) has evolved from a proven technology to a rapid prototyping tool with great potential. This technology is widely used in many industries such as automotive, aerospace, and medical; fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a popular 3D printing technique for producing PEEK (polyether ether ketone) parts, including implant prosthetic teeth. In this study, artificial neural network (ANN) modeling, parametric optimization, and experimental examination of PEEK 3D printing were conducted to enhance 3D printing processes. In this study, four critical process factors (infill density, layer height, printing speed, and infill pattern) influence the surface roughness, mechanical strength, and elastic modulus of the printed samples. Utilizing a 4–12–3 network design, this study demonstrates that an ANN model with an average error of less than 5% is optimal for all three responses. Furthermore, the study employed a teaching and learning based optimization algorithm (TLBO) and a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA) to optimize the printing process to obtain improved mechanical properties. The findings highlight TLBO’s ability to minimize surface roughness to 6.01 μm and NSGA’s capability to maximize the elastic modulus to 1253.35 MPa and ultimate tensile strength to 65.55 MPa. Microstructural studies supported the results obtained through parametric analysis and optimization.
A new approach on constitutive modeling for quasi-brittle materials under multiaxial loading
Authors: Guo Yadong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This work introduces a new method for expanding unidimensional models to predict material behavior under multiaxial loading. The concept of six-dimensional mechanical space is adopted, and in each basis direction of the space, there is one fiber-bundle model (FBM), so these six FBMs are independent amongst one another but follow the same damage evolution rule. Under triaxial loading, these FBMs have different stress and strain states, so six corresponding damage variables have different values. The anisotropic damage is thus represented by the six damage variables. When it is under uniaxial loading, the six-dimensional space reduces to one-dimensional space, so the proposed model can be calibrated using uniaxial loading test data, and the calibrated model can predict the material behavior under multiaxial loading conditions. Biaxial loading and triaxial loading test data are used to verify the proposed model, and parametric analyses are performed to analyze model predictions under different loading conditions. It shows that model predictions agree well with the test data and are consistent with experimental observations.
Collective oscillations in a three-dimensional spin model with non-reciprocal interactions
Authors: Guislain Laura , Bertin Eric 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We study the onset of collective oscillations at low temperature in a three-dimensional spin model with non-reciprocal short-range interactions. Performing numerical simulations of the model, the presence of a continuous phase transition to global oscillations is confirmed by a finite-size scaling analysis, yielding values of the exponents β and ν compatible with both the three-dimensional XY and Ising equilibrium universality classes. By systematically varying the interaction range, we show that collective oscillations in this spin model actually result from two successive phase transitions: a mean-field phase transition over finite-size neighborhoods, which leads to the emergence of local noisy oscillators, and a synchronization transition of local noisy oscillators, which generates coherent macroscopic oscillations. Using a Fokker–Planck equation under a local mean-field approximation, we derive from the spin dynamics coupled Langevin equations for the complex amplitudes describing noisy oscillations on a mesoscopic scale. The phase diagram of these coupled equations is qualitatively obtained from a fully-connected (mean-field) approximation. This analytical approach allows us to clearly disentangle the onset of local and global oscillations, and to identify the two main control parameters, expressed as combinations of the microscopic parameters of the spin dynamics, that control the phase diagram of the model.
Grid-connected virtual synchronous generator transient suppression based on proportional differential control and frequency low-pass filtering
Authors: Fu Shiyang , Tian Yan , Fang Jian , Yin Kuang , Qin Yu , Zhang Min , Chen Wei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The virtual synchronous generator (VSG) technology has a wide range of applications in various distributed generation units. However, sudden changes in power command at grid connection can lead to severe oscillations in the output power and frequency of virtual synchronous generators. In addition, existing oscillation suppression methods are either based on complex parameter designs or change the original inertial support characteristics and power frequency drop characteristics. In this paper, a new transient suppression method is proposed, i.e., a proportional differential controller is added behind the power error and an additional low-pass filter is placed behind the output frequency. Finally, by establishing a simulation platform, it is verified that the proposed scheme can greatly reduce the overshoot, regulation time and frequency offset of the active power.
Flexible DC transmission line fault type identification scheme based on Pearson correlation coefficient
Authors: Gao Chang , Wang Sihua 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Faults occurring on the DC side of the line are very harmful to the MMC-MTDC system, and with the popularization of flexible DC transmission technology based on overhead lines, how to discriminate the type of fault is the difficulty of MTDC DC line protection. This paper gives a fault kind identification approach based totally on the Pearson correlation coefficient, which discriminates the fault kind with the aid of calculating the Pearson correlation coefficient of the line voltage at each pole after the fault.
Pilot protection based on mode distance for transmission line connected to renewable energy station
Authors: Li Weitao , Jia Ke , Bi Tianshu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Affected by the inverter control strategy, fault characteristics of the wind turbine are essentially different from the traditional synchronous power supply, leading to a decrease in sensitivity and even rejection of traditional differential protection. In view of the above problems, this paper studies the fault current waveform distinction between the wind turbine and the synchronous power supply, and uses the mode distance to measure the current waveform difference. The simulation experimental system is built and the results show that the mode distance can reliably identify the faults in and out of the area in various fault scenarios, effectively working out the kinks of the degradation of the differential protection.