bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine learning and explainable artificial intelligence to predict pathologic stage in men with localized prostate cancer
Authors: Semwal Hemal , Ladbury Colton , Sabbagh Ali , Mohamad Osama , Tilki Derya , Amini Arya , Wong Jeffrey , Li Yun Rose , Glaser Scott , Yuh Bertram , Dandapani Savita 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundThough several nomograms exist, machine learning (ML) approaches might improve prediction of pathologic stage in patients with prostate cancer. To develop ML models to predict pathologic stage that outperform existing nomograms that use readily available clinicopathologic variables.MethodsPatients with prostate adenocarcinoma who underwent surgery were identified in the National Cancer Database. Seven ML models were trained to predict organ‐confined (OC) disease, extracapsular extension, seminal vesicle invasion (SVI), and lymph node involvement (LNI). Model performance was measured using area under the curve (AUC) on a holdout testing data set. Clinical utility was evaluated using decision curve analysis (DCA). Performance metrics were confirmed on an external validation data set.ResultsThe ML‐based extreme gradient boosted trees model achieved the best performance with an AUC of 0.744, 0.749, 0.816, 0.811 for the OC, ECE, SVI, and LNI models, respectively. The MSK nomograms achieved an AUC of 0.708, 0.742, 0.806, 0.802 for the OC, ECE, SVI, and LNI models, respectively. These models also performed the best on DCA. Findings were consistent on both a holdout internal validation data set as well as an external validation data set.ConclusionsOur ML models better predicted pathologic stage relative to existing nomograms at predicting pathologic stage. Accurate prediction of pathologic stage can help oncologists and patients determine optimal definitive treatment options for patients with prostate cancer.
Study on the mechanism of echinacoside in preventing and treating hypoxic pulmonary hypertension based on proteomic analyses
Authors: Gai Xiangyun , Xia Qingqing , Wang Hongmai , Bi Hongtao , Wang Jinyu , Zhao Yuefu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH), a chronic condition affecting the cardiopulmonary system, has high mortality. Echinacoside (ECH) is a phenylethanoid glycoside, which is used to ameliorate pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary vasoconstriction in rats. Accordingly, we aimed to explore the mechanism of ECH in preventing and treating HPH. Sprague Dawley rats were housed in a hypobaric hypoxia chamber for 28 days to obtain the HPH model. The experimental rats were randomly allocated into the following several groups: normoxia group, chronic hypoxia group, and ECH group. The therapeutic results of ECH (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) showed that ECH reduced mPAP, Hb, Hct, and RVHI in HPH rats. Then this work employed label‐free quantitative proteomic analysis, western blotting, and RT‐PCR to investigate the mechanism by which ECH prevents HPH. The results found that in the chronic hypoxia group, the levels of ACSL1, COL6A1, COL4A2, COL1A1, and PC increased compared to the normoxia group. However, the opposite effect was observed in the chronic hypoxia group treated with ECH. The study indicates that the administration of ECH may slow the pathological progression of HPH by suppressing the inflammatory response, inhibiting smooth muscle cell proliferation, and minimizing the deposition of extracellular matrix.
Disposition of orally administered atuliflapon, a novel 5‐lipoxygenase‐activating protein inhibitor in healthy participants
Authors: Li Xue‐Qing , Lindmark Bo , Amilon Carl , Samuelsson Kristin , Weidolf Lars , Nelander Karin , Knöchel Jane , Heijer Maria , Bragg Ryan A. , Gränfors Malin , Lindstedt Eva‐Lotte , Sidhu Sharan , Garkaviy Pavlo , Ericsson Hans 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this study, the mass balance, pharmacokinetics (PK) and metabolism of atuliflapon, a novel 5‐lipoxygenase‐activating protein inhibitor, were investigated in healthy male subjects. A single oral dose of 200 mg [14C]atuliflapon suspension was administered to six healthy male subjects. Mass balance, PK and metabolite profiles of atuliflapon were analyzed using radioactivity monitoring and liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry analysis. The safety of atuliflapon was assessed during the study. Atuliflapon was rapidly absorbed with a median tmax of 1.5 h, followed by a biphasic decline in plasma exposure rendering a terminal half‐life of ~20 h. Unchanged atuliflapon was the predominant radioactive component in plasma, accounting for 40.1% of the total drug‐related exposure (DRE), while a direct N‐glucuronide was the only metabolite exceeding 10% of DRE, accounting for 20.9%. Renal excretion of intact atuliflapon accounted for <1% of the administered dose. In total 85.2% of administered radioactivity was recovered over 312 h with 79.3% and 5.9% in feces and urine, respectively. Parent atuliflapon contributed to approximately 40% of the recovered dose in excreta, while metabolites resulting from phase 1 oxidative pathways accounted for more than 30% of the excreted dose. Overall, a single oral dose of 200 mg [14C]atuliflapon suspension was well tolerated in healthy male subjects. The human metabolism and disposition data obtained will support future development and submissions of atuliflapon as a potential candidate drug for the treatment of cardiovascular, cardiorenal, and respiratory indications.
Adaptive sample size strategies for process dispersion using EWMA control chart
Authors: Abbasi Abdul Rauf , Noor‐ul‐Amin Muhammad 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMonitoring the stability of measured dispersion in a process quality parameter is one of the critical steps in statistical process control (SPC) and is a paramount activity carried out by specialists. For this purpose, the current research presents a promising and computationally effective tool where the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) statistic utilizes the quadratic sigmoid function by incorporating sample size leading to the Quadratic Sigmoid Exponential weighted Moving Average (QSEWMA) control chart. The adaptive sample size is a strategy that increases or decreases the sample size according to the conditions of the process and accordingly, increases the sensitivity and response of the control chart. The proposed strategy improves the detection of process dispersion changes, making it a more efficient and effective way of quality assurance. Our proposed control chart is superior to the EWMA‐S2 chart, HHW‐EWMA chart CUSUM‐S2chart, and parametric free adaptive EWMA (AEWMA) charts for dispersion through extensive Monte Carlo simulations. The proposed QSEWMA chart has better detection sensitivity and fewer false alarms, and is, in general, more effective comparatively. At last, a real data application test is done to measure the practicability and highest accuracy of the above chart.
Architecting Sturdy Si/Graphite Composite with Lubricative Graphene Nanoplatelets for High‐Density Electrodes
Authors: Park Seongsu , Choi Minhong , Lee Jinsu , Lee Sangryeol , Kim Jaehyeon , Yun Taeyeong , Kim Namhyung , Sung Jaekyung , Cho Jaephil , Ko Minseong , Chae Sujong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDensification of the electrode by calendering is essential for achieving high‐energy density in lithium‐ion batteries. However, Si anode, which is regarded as the most promising high‐energy substituent of graphite, is vulnerable to the crack during calendering process due to its intrinsic brittleness. Herein, a distinct strategy to prevent the crack and pulverization of Si nanolayer‐embedded Graphite (Si/G) composite with graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) is proposed. The thickly coated GNP layer on Si/G by simple mechanofusion process imparts exceptional mechanical strength and lubricative characteristic to the Si/G composite, preventing the crack and pulverization of Si nanolayer against strong external force during calendering process. Accordingly, GNP coated Si/G (GNP‐Si/G) composite demonstrates excellent electrochemical performances including superior cycling stability (15.6% higher capacity retention than P‐Si/G after 300 cycles in the full‐cell) and rate capability under the industrial testing condition including high electrode density (>1.6 g cm−3) and high areal capacity (>3.5 mAh cm−2). The material design provides a critical insight for practical approach to resolve the fragile properties of Si/G composite during calendering process.
One‐Stone‐for‐Multiple‐Birds Additive Strategy for Highly Efficient and Stable Carbon‐Based Hole‐Transport‐Layer‐Free CsPbI2Br Solar Cells
Authors: Li Wenxuan , Tong Hongbo , Li Yali , Liu Xiaoyang , Wan Guodong , Ma XueYan , Liu Hai , Gao Zhe , Fu Yujun , He Deyan , Li Zhenguo , Li Junshuai 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDuring fabrication and operation of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), defects commonly arise within the crystals as well as at grain boundaries. However, conventional additive strategies typically only serve to mitigate the occurrence of a single defect and fail to significantly enhance device performance. Herein, carbon‐based hole‐transport‐layer‐free CsPbI2Br devices are focused on, one kind of important PSCs with more stable structure and an appropriate bandgap for a semitransparent solar cell or a top cell in a tandem configuration, and present a highly efficient one‐stone‐for‐multiple‐birds additive strategy based on lanthanide trifluoromethanesulfonates (Ln(OTF)3, Ln: neodymium (Nd), europium (Eu), dysprosium (Dy), thulium (Tm)). Density functional theory calculations reveal that the Ln3+ ions with a smaller radius can elevate defect formation energy for Pb and I vacancies within the crystals, while the presence of OTF− can effectively passivating uncoordinated Pb2+ at grain boundaries. In addition, Ln(OTF)3 addition increases the grain size and meanwhile reduces the surface roughness of the CsPbI2Br layers. All these positive contributions lead to a significant enhancement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) to 15.13% which is among the top PCEs reported for the corresponding solar cells, from 11.80% of the pristine device without Tm(OTF)3 addition, while notably boosting long‐term stability and reducing current–voltage hysteresis.
Anti‐Interference Sliding Mode Control of PMSM Based on Improved Salp Swarm Algorithm
Authors: Yao Guozhong , Yuan Peng , Han Shaojun , Wang Guiyong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAiming at the problem that the control performance of permanent magnet synchronous motor is easily affected by load disturbance during operation, a fractional‐order sliding mode control method combining fractal‐order sliding mode controller (FOSMC) and fractional‐order sliding mode load torque observer (FOSMO) is proposed. The parameters of this method are tuned using the improved salp swarm algorithm (ISSA). Initially, the fractional‐order sliding mode controller is designed by applying fractional‐order calculus theory to enhance the system's response speed. Subsequently, a fractional‐order sliding mode load torque observer is developed to improve the system's anti‐interference capability and robustness due to the slow response and low identification accuracy of traditional load torque observers. Lastly, the control parameters are self‐tuned using the improved salp swarm algorithm due to the difficulty of adjusting them manually. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed control method exhibits good convergence, no overshoot, minimal buffeting, and strong robustness against uncertain factors like load disturbances. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Anticancer Potential of Ethanolic Extract of Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich (Annonaceae) Dried Fruits on Breast Adenocarcinoma: In Vitro and In Vivo Evidences
Authors: Nguedia Merline Ymele , Rebe Roland Nhouma , Bakam Berlise Yengwa , Njamen Dieudonné , Mendimi Joseph Marie Nkodo , Zingue Stéphane 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBreast cancer incidence and mortality rate in Cameroonian women is incredibly high, thus there is need for more effective therapy. Xylopia aethiopica dry fruits are traditionally used for both nutritional and medicinal purposes, including the management of diverse ailments such as cancer. This study evaluated the in vitro and in vivo anti‐mammary cancer potential of X. aethiopica. The cytotoxic activity of the ethanolic extract of X. aethiopica dry fruits was assessed at different concentrations against MDA‐MB 231 and MCF‐7 cells using the MTT assay. Additionally, clone formation, apoptosis/necrosis, cell adhesion, cell migration, and chemotaxis were examined. Furthermore, the chemo‐preventive potential of X. aethiopica dry fruit extract (XAE) was evaluated on breast tumors induced by DMBA in 42 female rats of age 45–55 days (~80 g). The normal (NOR) and negative (DMBA) control groups were daily treated with the vehicle, while the positive (Tamox) and test (XAE) groups were administered tamoxifen (3.3 mg/kg) and X. aethiopica extract (75, 150, and 300 mg/kg BW), respectively for 20 weeks. Parameters such as tumor volume and burden, tumor incidence, CA 15‐3 serum level, inflammatory status, antioxidant and histopathology were evaluated. X. aethiopica significantly (p < 0.05) decreased ER+ (MCF‐7) and ER− (MDA‐MB 231) breast adenocarcinoma cell growth from 12.5 to 100 μg/mL after 72 h. At the 100 μg/mL concentration, clone formation, cell proliferation, and migration were notably decreased in MDA‐MB 231 cells after 48 h, while there was an observed rise in cell adhesion to the collagen extracellular matrix. Additionally, there was a rise in apoptotic cell count (p < 0.01) and caspase‐3 activity (p < 0.05) observed in MDA‐MB 231 cells following exposure to XAE at 100 μg/mL. XAE, across all tested doses, demonstrated significant reductions in tumor incidence, burden, and volume, akin to tamoxifen, compared to untreated rats (DMBA). Furthermore, there was an elevation in antioxidants (SOD, CAT, and GSH) and a decrease in pro‐inflammatory cytokines (INF‐γ, TNF‐α, IL‐12, and IL‐6) observed at all tested doses. Overall, X. aethiopica dry fruit displays anticancer potential through caspase‐3‐dependent apoptosis pathways, alongside antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities.
The Holistic, Digital Cultural Heritage Documentation of the Fikardou Traditional Village in Cyprus
Authors: Ioannides Marinos , Rizopoulos Orestis , Baker Drew , Karittevli Elena , Hadjiathanasiou Maria , Samara Panayiota , Panayi Ioannis , Mateou Marina , Koulafeti Iliana , Koundouris Marios , Efstathiou Kyriakos , Savva George , Argyridou Elina 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper focusses on the case study of Fikardou Village (Cyprus), a UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List monument, highlighting its unique cultural value by referencing historical evidence identified during our research. Our contribution investigates Fikardou’s cultural offerings by presenting and analysing the major outcomes of three H2020 EU-funded projects (TExTOUR, MNEMOSYNE, IMPACTOUR) that include Fikardou as a major component in their research programme. By elaborating on selected successful outputs such as policy interventions, new cultural tourism trends, advances in visitor management systems, and new business and/or governance models that arise from this specific case study, we argue for the advances that have been achieved in the cultural tourism sector in Cyprus, as exemplified through the experience of Fikardou Village as a developing cultural tourist destination exploring and embracing digital technology as a force multiplier in achieving its aims.
SPOT-IT: An Advanced Tool for Dynamic Cultural Tourism Management and Regional Development
Authors: Tchetchik Anat , Shiff Shilo , Michael Yaron , Sinclair Michael , Cohen-Amit Irit , Shmuel Irit , Sofer Micheal 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGlobal changes and trends have been greatly influencing the way cultural tourism is defined, operated, and developed. These changes require the creation of new measurement and management tools. Given the diverse nature of cultural tourism, one of the most pertaining obstacles hindering its sustainable development is that the required relevant information for effective decision-making and management is currently not well complied with, organized, and processed. SPOT-IT, which was developed under SPOT, an EU-Horizon2020-funded project, rises to this challenge by offering a new approach to cultural tourism that reflects the tourism patterns of the twenty-first century. It is a decision-supporting platform for the development of cultural tourism sites within a Web-based Resource Centre. This paper describes the purposes of the tool, its conceptualization, its components, and its importance. It concludes with some policy implications.
Redefining Cultural Tourism Leadership: Innovative Approach and Tool
Authors: Martins João , Pereira Pedro , Pasandideh Shabnam , Raiyani Kashyap , Kalvet Tarmo , De la cal Mikel Zubiaga , Gandini Alessandra 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe paper discusses the intersection of Cultural Tourism and topics that emerged during the IMPACTOUR project's lifespan. It showcases innovative approaches to managing Cultural Tourism and emphasizes essential trends related to tools and data. The paper also introduces the IMPACTOUR methodology and tool, which enhances the crucial role of Cultural Tourism stakeholders and offers a forward-looking perspective.
Spain: The Response of the Education System to the COVID-19 Pandemic: How LNOB (Leaving No-One Behind) Got Lost in Translation
Authors: Gomendio Montse 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHistorically the evidence from international surveys shows that Spanish students have levels of performance below the OECD average, particularly in maths, which have followed a flat line for over a decade (from 2000 onwards) showing a complete lack of progress until some improvements took place around 2015. When compared to other countries, Spain has very few excellent students. This flatness has been wrongly interpreted as a signal that the Spanish education system has sacrificed quality for the sake of equity. Nothing could be further from the truth. The most distinctive feature is the high rate of early school leaving, which represents the worst kind of inequity. During and after Covid-19 student performance declined despite short school closures. The policy response to the pandemic was to lower standards, leading to negative consequences. During the state of alarm, central government decreed that grade repetition was forbidden, all students should promote to the next grade and teachers should give their students higher grades. These apparently temporary measures became the new normal after the latest reform was approved. The result was grade inflation on a major scale. Thus, over the last years teachers’ grades have become higher, while international surveys clearly show declines in levels of performance. Such complacency at the national level will prevent any improvements. These changes have had a greater impact among secondary students since it is at this stage that grade repetition used to be most common and students who failed several subjects could not promote or obtain degrees. The new model has created a mirage in which teachers’ grades have become disentangled from true levels of performance. The idea that this would help students who suffered the greatest learning losses is just plain wrong, since those students will not be correctly identified and will not receive the support they need. In addition, the illusion created by the levels of grade inflation achieved, generate the false impression that levels of performance are improving, and therefore policies are having a positive impact, when ILSAs tell us the opposite.Finally, there are two rich regions which in the last cycles have experienced the steepest declines. Catalonia and the Basque Country have strong pro-independence movements which have identified education as a great lever to strengthen national identities. As part of these nationalistic politics, schools teach in the co-official languages exclusively, treating Spanish as a foreign language. In such cases the proportion of students who take the test (PISA, PIRLS and TIMSS) in a language different from that spoken at home is over half of the student population, most of them Spanish students who speak Spanish at home. Clearly such policies harm the ability of students to learn.
England: Turbulent Years—PISA 2022 and COVID-19 School Disruption
Authors: Oates Tim 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLike many nations, England suffered a decline in scores in PISA in 2022, following important improvement. It declined less than the other nations of United Kingdom, which are in different stages of curriculum renewal and development. This chapter examines key events in England's experience of COVID-19. It explores the nature and extent of COVID-19 impact in England and compares outcomes with other key nations. It suggests that there is strong, continuing and complex COVID-19 impact on education and this is likely to continue into the 2030's. It examines how this poses a highly distinctive public policy challenge which so far has been underestimated with inadequate remedy.
Estonia: The Impact of Covid-19 on Education in Estonia—What Have We Learned from PISA 2022 and National External Evaluations?
Authors: Tire Gunda 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPISA 2022 is the first large scale international assessment that claims to capture the impact of Covid-19 on school systems worldwide. Learning loss is observed in many countries around the globe and Estonia is not an exception. However, Estonia is still among the top performing countries showing high levels of student performance in all domains of assessment. In this chapter we look at pre and post Covid-19 data about the aspects of equity, performance and well-being as seen by the national and international studies for Estonia.
The Netherlands: Comprehension of Basic Skills and Covid-19
Authors: Haelermans Carla , Baumann Sabine 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe PIRLS and PISA results that were published in 2023 severely shook things up in the Netherlands and reinforced the need for sustainable educational policy improvements. In this chapter, we show examples of how educational interventions are accompanied by structural monitoring based on national assessment data on school performance for mathematics and reading comprehension for pupils in primary schools in the Netherlands. From the analyses it becomes clear that both the national data as well as the international comparisons done by PIRLS and PISA show worrisome downwards trends in pupils’ performance. The international comparisons show a larger decrease than the national data, for which there are many possible reasons, such as different age groups and types of tests. However, the overall picture from all sources shows that there is still a lot of progress to be made in the Netherlands.
Theoretische Grundlagen
Authors: Kneifel Malte 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungDieses Kapitel legt das theoretische Fundament der vorliegenden Untersuchung. Zunächst wird der aktuelle Forschungsstand hinsichtlich der für die vorliegende Untersuchung zentralen Sprachen Zapotekisch und Spanisch rekapituliert, respektive der jeweils relevanten historischen Varietäten. Darauffolgend werden zentrale Entwicklungslinien der Textlinguistik rekapituliert sowie diskutiert, insbesondere mit Blick Strömungen und Ansätze, die historische Untersuchungen ermöglichen. Besonderes Augenmerk wird dabei auf pragmatische Strömungen innerhalb der Textlinguistik, auf die Textproduktions- und Schreibforschung sowie auf das Konzept der Diskurstraditionen sowie der Dimensionen der Textbeschreibung gelegt. Zudem werden die für diese Arbeit relevanten Grundlagen aus der Translationswissenschaft aufgearbeitet. Außerdem wird diesem Kapitel die Beziehung zwischen Translationswissenschaft und Textlinguistik, und darin explizit auch zwischen Translation und Diskurstraditionen thematisiert.