bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical and nonsurgical interventions for vulvar and clitoral pain in girls and women living with female genital mutilation: A systematic review
Authors: Ezebialu Ifeanyichukwu , Okafo Obiamaka , Oringanje Chukwudi , Ogbonna Udoezuo , Udoh Ekong , Odey Friday , Meremikwu Martin M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundVulvar and clitoral pain are known complications of female genital mutilation (FGM). Several interventions have been used to treat these conditions. This review focuses on surgical and nonsurgical interventions to improve vulvar and clitoral pain in women living with FGM.ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of nonsurgical and surgical interventions for alleviating vulvar and clitoral pain in women living with any type of FGM and to assess the associated adverse events.Search strategyThe search included the following major databases: Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov. These were searched from inception until August 10, 2015 without any language restrictions.Selection criteriaStudy designs included randomized controlled trials, cluster randomized trials, nonrandomized trials, cohort studies, case–control studies, controlled before‐and‐after studies, historical control studies, and interrupted time series with reported data comparing outcomes among women with FGM who were treated for clitoral or vulvar pain with either surgical or nonsurgical interventions.Data collection and analysisTwo team members independently screened studies for eligibility.ResultsNo studies were included.ConclusionLimited information exists on management of vulvar and clitoral pain in women living with FGM. This constitutes an important area for further research.PROSPERO registrationCRD42015024521.
Surgical or medical interventions for female genital mutilation
Authors: Smith Helen , Stein Karin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDeinfibulation can prevent or treat gynecological and obstetric complications in women living with type III female genital mutilation (FGM), and subsequently improve childbirth outcomes. Recently published WHO guidelines recommend use of deinfibulation in both circumstances. However, to really impact practice, evidence‐based guidance needs to be matched with evidence‐based implementation strategies. This qualitative evidence synthesis provides information on the factors that facilitate or act as barriers to use of deinfibulation, and the context and conditions that are necessary for implementing the procedure, including healthcare providers’ knowledge and experience, the service delivery environment, as well as broader health system contexts. This information is of great value for policy makers and others considering this as an option for better clinical care of women living with FGM.
Providing information to improve body image and care‐seeking behavior of women and girls living with female genital mutilation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Esu Ekpereonne , Okoye Ifeyinwa , Arikpo Iwara , Ejemot‐Nwadiaro Regina , Meremikwu Martin M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundFemale genital mutilation (FGM) has become recognized worldwide as an extreme form of violation of the human rights of girls and women. Strategies have been employed to curb the practice.ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review of randomized and nonrandomized studies of the effects of providing educational interventions on the body image and care‐seeking behavior of girls and women living with FGM with the view to ending the practice.Search strategyCENTRAL, MEDLINE, and other databases were searched up to August 10, 2015 without any language restrictions.Selection criteriaStudies that provided education to women and/or girls living with any type of FGM or residing in countries where FGM is predominantly practiced were included.Data collection and analysisTwo authors independently screened and collected data. We summarized dichotomous outcomes using odds ratios and evidence was assessed using the GRADE system (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation).ResultsEducational interventions resulted in fewer women recommending FGM for their daughters and also reduced the incidence of FGM cases among daughters of women who received the educational interventions.ConclusionThese findings need to be validated with large randomized trials.PROSPERO registration42015024637.
Effect of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells administered by intravenous or intravitreal routes on cryo‐induced retinal injury
Authors: Mohamed Eman M. , Abdelrahman Shaimaa A. , Hussein Samia , Shalaby Sally M. , Mosaad Hala , Awad Ahmed M. B. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTraumatic optic neuropathy is an important cause of severe vision loss. So, many attempts were performed to transplant stem cells systemically or locally to regenerate the injured retina. In this study, we investigated the effect of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (hUBMSCs) on histological structure, apoptotic, antiapoptotic, oxidant and antioxidant markers in an experimental model of cryo‐induced retinal damage in mice. Forty‐eight mice were included with 4 major groups; group I contained 18 mice as controls. The others included 30 mice exposed to cryo‐induced retinal injury and were subdivided into three equal groups: group II received no treatment after injury. Group III was intravenously injected with hUCBMSCs after injury and group IV received an intravitreal injection with hUCBMSCs into both eyes. Retinal tissues were used for histopathological, immunological and gene expression studies. Real time‐PCR was performed to assessB‐cell lymphoma 2(bcl2), Bcl2‐associated Xprotein (bax),heme oxygenase‐1 (hmox‐1)andthioredoxin‐2 (tnx‐2)expression and to assess the differentiation of the stem cells into the retinal tissue. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to assess caspase‐3, 3‐nitrotyrosine (3‐NT) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Disturbed retinal structure was seen in cryo‐injured mice while hUCBMSCs treated groups showed nearly normal structure. By real time‐PCR, significantly reduced mRNA expressions ofBaxand notably enhanced mRNA expression ofBcl‐2,hmox‐1andtxn‐2were demonstrated in retinal injured mice with hUCBMSCs treatment compared to those without. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis confirmed downregulation of 3‐NT and caspase‐3 and upregulation of bFGF after hUCBMSCs injection in injured retina. Furthermore, there was no differentiation of transplanted stem cells into the retinal tissue. In conclusions, hUCBMSCs could improve the morphological retinal structure in cryo‐induced retinal damage model by modulation of the oxidant‐apoptotic status and by increased the expression of bFGF. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(3):188–201, 2017
Horseradish extract promotes urinary bladder carcinogenesis when administered to F344 rats in drinking water
Authors: Cho Young‐Man , Hasumura Mai , Imai Toshio , Takami Shigeaki , Nishikawa Akiyoshi , Ogawa Kumiko 
Published: February 2017

AbstractHorseradish extract (HRE), consisting mainly of a mixture of allyl isothiocyanate and other isothiocyanates, has been used as a food additive. To evaluate the potential hazards of HRE, a 104‐week chronic study, a 2‐week analysis of cell proliferation in the urinary bladder and a medium‐term promotion bioassay of HRE were conducted with administration at concentrations of up to 0.04% HRE in the drinking water to male F344 rats. In the 104‐week chronic study with 32 male rats per group, no treatment‐related increases in the incidences of neoplastic lesions in any organ, including urinary bladder, were observed, except for simple hyperplasia in the urinary bladder in rats treated with HRE at concentrations of more than 0.01% (5.0 mg kg−1 body weight day−1). In the promotion study, HRE treatment after N‐butyl‐N‐(4‐hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine initiation caused a clear increase in papillary or nodular hyperplasia, papilloma, and urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder in the groups given HRE for 13 weeks at doses higher than 0.005%, 0.01%, and 0.04% (2.7, 5.4 and 20.5 mg kg−1 body weight day−1), respectively. In the 2‐week cell proliferation analysis, treatment with HRE at concentrations greater than 0.005% (3.9 mg kg−1 body weight day−1) caused transient increases in 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine labeling indices in the urothelium. Although clear tumor induction was not observed, administration of relatively low‐dose HRE increased cell proliferation in the urothelium and exerted obvious promoting effects on rat urinary bladder carcinogenesis. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mode of action of HRE in the rat urinary bladder to facilitate data extrapolation from the present study and provide insights into risk assessment. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low‐level light emitting diode (LED) therapy suppresses inflammasome‐mediated brain damage in experimental ischemic stroke
Authors: Lee Hae In , Lee Sae‐Won , Kim Nam Gyun , Park Kyoung‐Jun , Choi Byung Tae , Shin Yong‐Il , Shin Hwa Kyoung 
Published: February 2017

Use of photostimulation including low‐level light emitting diode (LED) therapy has broadened greatly in recent years because it is compact, portable, and easy to use. Here, the effects of photostimulation by LED (610 nm) therapy on ischemic brain damage was investigated in mice in which treatment started after a stroke in a clinically relevant setting. The mice underwent LED therapy (20 min) twice a day for 3 days, commencing at 4 hours post‐ischemia. LED therapy group generated a significantly smaller infarct size and improvements in neurological function based on neurologic test score. LED therapy profoundly reduced neuroinflammatory responses including neutrophil infiltration and microglia activation in the ischemic cortex. LED therapy also decreased cell death and attenuated the NLRP3 inflammasome, in accordance with down‐regulation of pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β and IL‐18 in the ischemic brain. Moreover, the mice with post‐ischemic LED therapy showed suppressed TLR‐2 levels, MAPK signaling and NF‐kB activation. These findings suggest that by suppressing the inflammasome, LED therapy can attenuate neuroinflammatory responses and tissue damage following ischemic stroke. Therapeutic interventions targeting the inflammasome via photostimulation with LED may be a novel approach to ameliorate brain injury following ischemic stroke.
Effect of post‐ischemic low‐level light emitting diode therapy (LED‐T) on infarct reduction was mediated by inflammasome suppression.magnified imageEffect of post‐ischemic low‐level light emitting diode therapy (LED‐T) on infarct reduction was mediated by inflammasome suppression.
Photothermal activation of astrocyte cells using localized surface plasmon resonance of gold nanorods
Authors: Eom Kyungsik , Hwang Seoyoung , Yun Seunghyeon , Byun Kyung Min , Jun Sang Beom , Kim Sung June 
Published: February 2017

Although it has been revealed that astrocytes, generally known as star‐shaped glial cells, play critical roles in the functions of central nervous system, there have been few efforts to directly modulate their activities and responses. In this study, an optical stimulation strategy for producing intracellular Ca2+ transients of astrocytes is demonstrated using near‐infrared (NIR) light and localized surface plasmon resonance. It is presented that NIR stimulation of micro‐second duration combined with gold nanorods (GNRs) efficiently produces stronger Ca2+ transients of astrocytes, which seems to be associated with a local heat generation by photothermal effects of GNRs. Since the proposed scheme can directly activate astrocytes with a high reliability, it is expected that GNR‐mediated NIR stimulation could be utilized to facilitate minimally invasive physiological studies on the astrocyte functions.
Photos of intracellular Ca2+ transient of astrocytes with membrane‐bound GNRs after optical stimulation at 30 s.magnified imagePhotos of intracellular Ca2+ transient of astrocytes with membrane‐bound GNRs after optical stimulation at 30 s.
Hydrogel derived from decellularized porcine adipose tissue as a promising biomaterial for soft tissue augmentation
Authors: Tan Qiu‐Wen , Zhang Yi , Luo Jing‐Cong , Zhang Di , Xiong Bin‐Jun , Yang Ji‐Qiao , Xie Hui‐Qi , Lv Qing 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDecellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds from human adipose tissue, characterized by impressive adipogenic induction ability, are promising for soft tissue augmentation. However, scaffolds from autologous human adipose tissue are limited by the availability of tissue resources and the time necessary for scaffold fabrication. The objective of the current study was to investigate the adipogenic properties of hydrogels of decellularized porcine adipose tissue (HDPA). HDPA induced the adipogenic differentiation of human adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs)in vitro, with significantly increased expression of adipogenic genes. Subcutaneous injection of HDPA in immunocompetent mice induced host‐derived adipogenesis without cell seeding, and adipogenesis was significantly enhanced with ADSCs seeding. The newly formed adipocytes were frequently located on the basal side in the non‐seeding group, but this trend was not observed in the ADSCs seeding group. Our results indicated that, similar to human adipose tissue, the ECM scaffold derived from porcine adipose tissue could provide an adipogenic microenvironment for adipose tissue regeneration and is a promising biomaterial for soft tissue augmentation. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1756–1764, 2017.
Comparison of elastic properties of open‐cell metallic biomaterials with different unit cell types
Authors: Hedayati Reza , Sadighi Mojtaba , Mohammadi‐Aghdam Mohammad , Hosseini‐Toudeshky Hossein 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAdditive manufacturing techniques have made it possible to create open‐cell porous structures with arbitrary micro‐geometrical characteristics. Since a wide range of micro‐geometrical features is available for making an implant, having a comprehensive knowledge of the mechanical response of cellular structures is very useful. In this study, finite element simulations have been carried out to investigate the effect of structure unit cell type (cube, rhombic dodecahedron, Kelvin, Weaire–Phelan, and diamond), cross‐section type (circular, square, and triangular), strut length, and relative density on the Young's modulus, shear modulus, yield stress, shear yield stress, and Poisson's ratio of open‐cell tessellated cellular structures. It was desired to see whether or not and to what extent each of the aforementioned parameters affect the mechanical properties of a porous structure. It was seen that the strut cross‐section type does not have a considerable effect on the structure Young's modulus while its effect on the structure yield stress is significant. The strut length was not effective on the mechanical properties if the relative density was kept constant. It was also observed that the structure unit cell type and relative density have a considerable effect on the elastic properties. The highest and the lowest stiffness and strength belonged to the cube and diamond unit cell types, respectively. The rhombic dodecahedron structure with circular cross‐section had a high yielding strength (second among all the cases) while its Young's modulus was relatively low. Therefore, it is the best choice for applications with low stiffness requirements, such as biomedical implants. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 386–398, 2018.
Effect of particle size, iron ligands and anions on ciprofloxacin degradation in zero‐valent iron process: application to sewage treatment plant effluent
Authors: de Lima Perini João Angelo , Nogueira Raquel Fernandes Pupo 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDCiprofloxacin (CIP) is an antibiotic largely used to treat bacterial infections and found in sewage treatment plant (STP) effluent. Zero valent iron (ZVI, Fe0) technology has great potential for the degradation of residual pharmaceuticals. The effect of some parameters (anaerobic/aerobic, particle size, iron ligands and anions) were evaluated for CIP degradation in distilled water (DW) and finally compared to that obtained in STP effluent.RESULTSThe smaller ZVI particle (200 mesh) resulted in a lower degradation rate than the larger particle (20 mesh) in both anaerobic and aerobic treatment. This is due mainly to the fast generation of Fe2+, hindering the degradation process due to •OH scavenging. A linear increase of CIP degradation rate was observed when the reaction was carried out with increasing EDTA concentrations. The Cl− anions had a positive effect on CIP degradation in the ZVI process. On the other hand, the presence of NO3− resulted in a decrease of degradation rate, both with 20 and 200 mesh particles. CIP could be degraded in two STP effluents mediated by ZVI (20 mesh).CONCLUSIONSThe ZVI process can be used efficiently for the degradation of CIP in two types of STP effluent (anaerobic treatment or anaerobic/aerobic treatment), revealing a possible applicability of the ZVI process to this type of matrix. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Post‐metamorphic development of skin glands in a true toad: Parotoids versus dorsal skin
Authors: Regueira Eleonora , Dávila Camila , Sassone Alina G. , O'Donohoe María E. Ailín , Hermida Gladys N. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractChemical defenses in amphibians are a common antipredatory and antimicrobial strategy related to the presence of dermal glands that synthesize and store toxic or unpalatable substances. Glands are either distributed throughout the skin or aggregated in multiglandular structures, being the parotoids the most ubiquitous macrogland in toads of Bufonidae. Even though dermal glands begin to develop during late‐larval stages, many species, including Rhinella arenarum, have immature glands by the end of metamorphosis, and their post‐metamorphic growth is unknown. Herein, we compared the post‐metamorphic development of parotoids and dorsal glands by histological and allometric studies in a size series of R. arenarum. Histological and histochemical studies to detect proteins, acidic glycoconjugates, and catecholamines, showed that both, parotoids and dorsal glands, acquire characteristics of adults in individuals larger than 50 mm; that is, a moment in which the cryptic coloration disappears. Parotoid height increased allometrically as a function of body size, whereas the size of small dorsal glands decreased with body size. The number of glands in the dorsum was not linearly related to body size, appearing to be an individual characteristic. Only adult specimens had intraepithelial granular glands in the duct of the largest glands of the parotoids. Since toxic secretions accumulate in the central glands of parotoids, allometric growth of parotoids may translate into greater protection from predators in the largest animals. Conversely, large glands in the dorsum, which produce a proteinaceous secretion of unknown function, grow isometrically to body size. Some characteristics, like intraepithelial glands in the ducts and basophilic glands in the dorsum, are limited to adults.
New insights into the spermatogenesis of the black tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon
Authors: Feng Tianyi , Paterson Brian , Johnston Stephen D. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis study reports a comprehensive description of penaeid spermatogenesis (Penaeus monodon) by light and transmission electron microscopy. A conspicuous characteristic of spermatocytogenesis was a ring‐like structure with high electron‐density adjacent to the nucleus of a primary spermatocyte. During the spermiogenesis from stage I (StI) to stage VI spermatid (StVI), the formation of the acrosome and decondensation of the nucleus were the most notable morphological transformations. StIs were small and compact and they were contained in the syncytia. In the cytoplasm of StII, mitochondrion‐like bodies (MLB) participated the extension of perinuclear multi‐layered lamellae. The association of MLBs and endoplasmic reticula appeared to contribute to the formation of small cytoplasmic pre‐acrosomal vesicles (PV) which coalesced into an acrosomal chamber (AC) at the periphery of StIII. A dense anterior acrosomal body (AB) was formed in the enlarged AC in StIV. The nuclear envelope became disintegrated in StV. At last, an AB‐derived spiky acrosome was emerged from AC in StVI. Sperm nuclei became increasingly decondensed during the entire process of spermiogenesis and the nuclear components in the testicular spermatozoa appeared to only contain chains of DNA and nucleosome‐contained chromatin.
MRI assessment of bone structure and microarchitecture
Authors: Chang Gregory , Boone Sean , Martel Dimitri , Rajapakse Chamith S. , Hallyburton Robert S. , Valko Mitch , Honig Stephen , Regatte Ravinder R. 
Published: February 2017

Osteoporosis is a disease of weak bone and increased fracture risk caused by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue. The standard‐of‐care test used to diagnose osteoporosis, dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) estimation of areal bone mineral density (BMD), has limitations as a tool to identify patients at risk for fracture and as a tool to monitor therapy response. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessment of bone structure and microarchitecture has been proposed as another method to assess bone quality and fracture risk in vivo. MRI is advantageous because it is noninvasive, does not require ionizing radiation, and can evaluate both cortical and trabecular bone. In this review article, we summarize and discuss research progress on MRI of bone structure and microarchitecture over the last decade, focusing on in vivo translational studies. Single‐center, in vivo studies have provided some evidence for the added value of MRI as a biomarker of fracture risk or treatment response. Larger, prospective, multicenter studies are needed in the future to validate the results of these initial translational studies.Level of Evidence: 5Technical Efficacy: Stage 5J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;46:323–337
Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Treatment and (131)I‐MIBG in the management of patients with metastatic/progressive phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas
Authors: Nastos Konstantinos , Cheung Vincent T.F. , Toumpanakis Christos , Navalkissoor Shaunak , Quigley Anne‐Marie , Caplin Martyn , Khoo Bernard 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESRadionuclide therapy has been used to treat patients with progressive/metastatic paragangliomas (PGLs) and phaeochromocytomas (PCCs). The aim of the present study is to retrospectively compare the therapeutic outcomes of these modalities in patients with progressive/metastatic PCCs and PGLs.METHODSPatients with progressive/metastatic PGLs and PCCs that were subjected to radionuclide treatment in our department were retrieved from our department's database for the period 1998‐2013. Overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS), event free survival (EFS), and response to treatment were calculated. Treatment toxicity was documented.RESULTSTwenty‐two patients with progressive/metastatic PGLs or PCCs were treated with either (131)I‐MIBG, (90)Y‐DOTATATE or (177)Lu‐DOTATATE. A total of 30 treatments were administered (16 treatments with (131)I‐MIBG, 2 with (177)Lu‐DOTATATE, and 12 with (90)Y‐DOTATATE. Patients treated with PRRT had increased PFS and response to treatment compared to (131)I‐MIBG treated patients (P < 0.05). However, difference in OS was non significant (P = 0.09). There was no difference in major toxicities between groups. When comparing only patients with PGLs, OS, PFS, EFS, and response to treatment were significantly higher in the PRRT treatment group.CONCLUSIONPRRT treatment offers increased OS, PFS, EFS, and response to treatment compared to (131)I‐MIBG therapy in patients with progressive/malignant PGLs.