bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal associations between exercise and biomarkers in autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Sewell Kelsey R. , Doecke James D. , Xiong Chengjie , Benzinger Tammie , Masters Colin L. , Laske Christoph , Jucker Mathias , Lopera Francisco , Gordon Brian A. , Llibre‐Guerra Jorge , Levin Johannes , Huey Edward D. , Hassenstab Jason , Schofield Peter R. , Day Gregory S. , Fox Nick C. , Chhatwal Jasmeer , Ibanez Laura , Roh Jee Hoon , Perrin Richard , Lee Jae‐Hong , Allegri Ricardo F. , Supnet‐Bell Charlene , Berman Sarah B. , Daniels Alisha , Noble James , Martins Ralph N. , Rainey‐Smith Stephanie , Peiffer Jeremiah , Gardener Samantha L. , Bateman Randall J. , Morris John C. , McDade Eric , Erickson Kirk I. , Sohrabi Hamid R. , Brown Belinda M. ,   The Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer's Network
Published: September 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONWe investigated longitudinal associations between self‐reported exercise and Alzheimer's disease (AD)‐related biomarkers in individuals with autosomal dominant AD (ADAD) mutations.METHODSParticipants were 308 ADAD mutation carriers aged 39.7 ± 10.8 years from the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer's Network. Weekly exercise volume was measured via questionnaire and associations with brain volume (magnetic resonance imaging), cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, and brain amyloid beta (Aβ) measured by positron emission tomography were investigated.RESULTSGreater volume of weekly exercise at baseline was associated with slower accumulation of brain Aβ at preclinical disease stages β = –0.16 [–0.23 to –0.08], and a slower decline in multiple brain regions including hippocampal volume β = 0.06 [0.03 to 0.08].DISCUSSIONExercise is associated with more favorable profiles of AD‐related biomarkers in individuals with ADAD mutations. Exercise may have therapeutic potential for delaying the onset of AD; however, randomized controlled trials are vital to determine a causal relationship before a clinical recommendation of exercise is implemented.Highlights
Greater self‐reported weekly exercise predicts slower declines in brain volume in autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease (ADAD).
Greater self‐reported weekly exercise predicts slower accumulation of brain amyloid beta in ADAD.
Associations varied depending on closeness to estimated symptom onset.
A national survey on the use of ultrasound as an educational tool to complement anatomy teaching at UK medical schools
Authors: Tandon Ansh , Moneim Joseph , Hector Lauren , Fletcher Peter , Moonga Ishpal , Fawcett Sarah , Taylor Helen , Brassett Cecilia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOur aim was to investigate the current use of ultrasound (US) in anatomy teaching across the UK, and to discover potential obstacles in its implementation in the undergraduate medical curriculum. An electronic survey consisting of 31 questions was distributed to anatomy course organizers at all 42 UK medical schools from June to October 2022. Both quantitative and qualitative data were obtained. Analysis of quantitative data was performed using frequency tables while responses to open‐ended questions were analyzed individually by authors, and themes were extracted for presentation. There was a 100% response rate, with 23 (55%) medical schools using US in anatomy teaching. Of these, 17 (74%) schools taught normal US anatomy only, while 6 (26%) included pathology. Only 3 (13%) schools delivered weekly sessions, while 3 (13%) schools delivered monthly sessions and 17 (74%) held less frequent sessions. Of the 17 schools with hands‐on sessions, these were delivered by radiologists in 6 schools, while sessions in other schools were facilitated by sonographers, other clinicians, students, and anatomy department staff. Students were able to operate US machines themselves in all 17 schools delivering hands‐on teaching. Limitations in resources and trained staff as well as time constraints were cited as barriers for the introduction of US in anatomy teaching. Our results indicate that only just over half of all UK medical schools use US in anatomy teaching. As US is increasingly used in screening and diagnosis by various clinicians, learning how to use US early in the medical course would be beneficial. Identifying the barriers to introducing US in the anatomical curriculum is the first step towards the successful development of an US teaching programme.
Inhibition of Key Virulence Enzymes of Botrytis cinerea by Flavonoids from the Antarctic Plant Colobanthus quitensis
Authors: Contreras Rodrigo A. , Pino Carla , Riveros Gabriela , Cortés Ximena , Cidral‐Christ Avanor , Zúñiga Gustavo E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the antifungal efficacy of flavonoids derived from Colobanthus quitensis against key virulence‐related enzymes implicated in the pathogenic mechanisms of Botrytis cinerea. The flavonoids swertiajaponin, schaftoside, vitexin, and saponarin significantly inhibited pectinase, cellulase, and laccase activity. Specifically, swertiajaponin showed mixed inhibition of pectinase and cellulase, characterized by high affinity (low inhibition constant ‐Ki−) for enzyme‐substrate complexes. Schaftoside showed mixed inhibition of pectinase and competitive inhibition of laccase, effectively reducing enzymatic activity by competing directly with the substrate. In contrast, vitexin showed competitive inhibition of pectinase and non‐competitive inhibition of laccase, suggesting it induces conformational changes within the enzyme. Finally, saponarin uniquely showed uncompetitive inhibition of laccase, stabilizing the enzyme‐substrate complex and thereby markedly reducing catalytic turnover. Supported by kinetic parameters (maximum velocity ‐Vmax‐, Michaelis constant ‐Km‐, and Ki), these findings highlight the potential of flavonoids from C. quitensis as natural fungicides, offering a sustainable and eco‐friendly alternative to synthetic fungicides for managing agricultural diseases.
Recent Advances in Urea Electrocatalysis: Applications, Materials and Mechanisms†
Authors: Zhang Chu , Chen Shijie , Guo Liwei , Li Zeyu , Yan Chunshuang , Lv Chade 
Published: September 2024

Comprehensive SummaryUrea plays a vital role in human society, which has various applications in organic synthesis, medicine, materials chemistry, and other fields. Conventional industrial urea production process is energy−intensive and environmentally damaging. Recently, electrosynthesis offers a greener alternative to efficient urea synthesis involving coupling CO2 and nitrogen sources at ambient conditions, which affords an achievable way for diminishing the energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Additionally, urea electrolysis, namely the electrocatalytic urea oxidation reaction (UOR), is another emerging approach very recently. When coupling with hydrogen evolution reaction, the UOR route potentially utilizes 93% less energy than water electrolysis. Although there have been many individual reviews discussing urea electrosynthesis and urea electrooxidation, there is a critical need for a comprehensive review on urea electrocatalysis. The review will serve as a valuable reference for the design of advanced electrocatalysts to enhance the electrochemical urea electrocatalysis performance. In the review, we present a thorough review on two aspects: the electrocatalytic urea synthesis and urea oxidation reaction. We summarize in turn the recently reported catalyst materials, multiple catalysis mechanisms and catalyst design principles for electrocatalytic urea synthesis and urea electrolysis. Finally, major challenges and opportunities are also proposed to inspire further development of urea electrocatalysis technology.
Key ScientistsFor urea electrosynthesis, Furuya et al. firstly investigated the electrochemical coreduction of CO2 and NO3−/NO2− using gas‐diffusion electrodes in 1995. Then, Wang et al. effectively achieved C—N bond formation and urea synthesis on PdCu alloy nanoparticles in 2020. Shortly, Yan and Yu et al. proposed the formation of *CO2NO2 from *NO2 and *CO2 intermediates at early stage on In(OH)3 electrocatalyst in 2021, and employed defect engineering strategy to facilitate the *CO2NH2 protonation in 2022. Amal et al. Investigated the role that Cu‐N‐C coordination plays for both the CO2RR and NO3RR. After that, Zhang's group developed In‐based electrocatalysts with artificial frustrated Lewis pairs for urea, and they offered a systematic screening approach for catalyst design in urea electrosynthesis in 2023. And sargent et al. reported a strategy that increased selectivity to urea using a hybrid catalyst.For urea electrooxidation, Stevenson et al. investigated the effect of Sr substitution toward the urea oxidation reaction. Wang et al. provided insights into the urea electrooxidation process using a β‐Ni(OH)2 electrode and Qiao et al. elucidated a two‐stage reaction pathway for UOR in 2021.
Postdischarge Mortality in a Cohort Hospitalized With Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Patten Scott B. , Dimitropoulos Gina , Hews‐Girard Julia , Austin Amelia , Sharifi Vandad , Williams Jeanne , Bahji Anees , Bulloch Andrew 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo characterize mortality after hospital discharge in cohorts with and without anorexia nervosa (AN).MethodsWe obtained data for all hospitalizations for psychiatric reasons in Canada (except Quebec) between April 1, 2006, and March 31, 2021 (n = 1.3 million admissions). Cases of AN were identified using ICD‐10 (F50.0 and F50.1) codes. First admissions during this interval for AN and other psychiatric conditions were linked to vital statistics data. Mortality was characterized through cross‐tabulation, Cox proportional hazards models, and competing cause regression.ResultsAfter adjustment for age and sex, there was no significant difference in mortality between AN and those with other psychiatric conditions (HR = 1.04; p = 0.644). Among AN admissions, 25% (95% CI 18.6–31.4) of deaths were attributed to psychiatric conditions (ICD‐F codes), with 88% of these (comprising 22% of all deaths in the AN group) having AN itself identified as the underlying cause of death. In contrast, only 8% of deaths among non‐AN admissions were attributed to a mental disorder.DiscussionPrevention of premature mortality in the general psychiatric population emphasizes modification of metabolic (e.g., hyperlipidemia) and lifestyle‐related (e.g., sedentary behavior) risk factors. However, as AN itself makes a major contribution to mortality, specialized preventive strategies may be required.
Barriers and facilitators to implementation of intravenous cardiovascular treatments in ambulatory settings
Authors: Jalloh Mohamed B. , Osoro Ian , Januzzi James L. , Shaunik Alka , Bahit M. Cecilia , Korjian Serge , Gibson C. Michael , Van Spall Harriette G.C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimsIntravenous (IV) therapies have transformed the management of various cardiovascular conditions in ambulatory patients. However, uptake of these therapies in ambulatory care settings has several barriers. In this systematic scoping review, we aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators that influence the implementation of current IV therapies in ambulatory settings.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL databases from inception to September 2023 for studies on barriers and facilitators of IV therapy uptake in ambulatory patients. We classified the identified factors and performed a thematic analysis.ResultsFifteen studies, primarily conducted in North America and Europe, were included. Methodologies varied, precluding quantitative synthesis. Key barriers were identified across several levels. At the medication level, barriers included the need for multiple vials and lengthy preparation. Patient‐level barriers included adverse effects, infections, painful venous access and non‐adherence. Clinician‐level barriers included understaffing, time constraints and safety concerns. Institutional barriers ranged from staff or equipment shortages to liability concerns and complex logistics. Healthcare system barriers included financial constraints and limited care delivery services. Facilitators included evidence‐based indications, patient education and comfort, staff experience, guidance documents, safe settings, favourable insurance policies and supportive guidelines.ConclusionsAs novel IV treatments emerge, addressing barriers and leveraging facilitators preemptively can enhance the successful implementation of IV therapies and improve clinical outcomes in ambulatory settings.
Tuning of the Electronic Structure and Reactivity of Metal Complexes with Redox‐Active Guanidine Ligands
Authors: Holzmann Simone L. , Osterbrink Johanna , Hübner Olaf , Schulz Maximilian , Poddelskii Andrei , Kaifer Elisabeth , Himmel Hans‐Jörg 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRedox‐active ligands change more drastically the electronic structure of metal complexes than non‐redox‐active ligands, with consequences on the magnetic and optical properties as well as the (redox) reactivity. In this work, redox‐active guanidine ligands are integrated in cobalt and copper complexes. The variations in the electronic structures of cobalt complexes, in particular the relative energies of the states corresponding to high‐spin CoII or low‐spin CoIII, in dependence of the redox‐active o‐diguanidine ligand manifest themselves in different magnetic properties. Moreover, the electron transfer rates for copper complexes with two redox‐active diguanidino‐benzene ligands (self‐exchange betweeen a monocationic CuI complex and the corresponding dicationic complex) were varied systematically over two orders of magnitude by choice of the redox‐active diguanidine ligand, realizing redox pairs with intermediate or record‐high rates.
Mechanochemical Organocatalysis: Simple Chiral Primary Diamine‐TfOH‐catalysed Asymmetric Aldol and Robinson Annulation Reactions
Authors: Yao Qiuxia , Li Hongyan , Yu Huiting , Wang Jiangman , Zhang Hua , Hu Xiaoyun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMechanochemical organocatalysis, which integrates mechanochemistry and organocatalysis to provide a metal‐and solvent‐free synthetic method for synthesizing chiral products, has garnered significant interest recently due to its importance in green chemistry. In this study, simple, unmodified commercially available chiral primary diamines with TfOH were employed as catalysts in mechanochemical direct asymmetric aldol and Robinson annulation reactions. This protocol demonstrated high efficiency, atom economy and high stereoselectivity. Notably, direct asymmetric aldol reactions involving unreactive aromatic methyl ketones, which still is a challenge for mechanochemical organocatalysis, proceeded smoothly. Additionally, chiral 3,5‐diaryl‐cyclohexenones were efficiently synthesized using this mechanochemical asymmetric catalytic protocol and afforded high‐to‐excellent enantioselectivities. These findings highlight the potential of mechanochemical organocatalysis for asymmetric catalysis.
Closed‐form optimal solution of two‐degree‐of‐freedom system with Inerter based on equal modal damping with potential application in non‐structural elevator for seismic control
Authors: Wang Meng , Chen Jia‐Lin , Sun Fei‐Fei , Nagarajaiah Satish , Du Xiu‐Li 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTargeting the great demand for adding non‐structural elevators to old residential buildings, this article proposes an updated configuration of tuned mass damper inerter (U‐TMDI) applied in external non‐structural elevators. An analog 2‐DOF system is established to describe the residential building controlled by an inerter elevator. Then, three closed‐form optimal solutions for designing the U‐TMDI are derived via the fixed‐point method, equal modal damping criterion, and the infinity damping assumption. Subsequently, these optimal solutions are compared and discussed involving the expressions of tuning frequency ratio and the optimal damping parameters, root locus diagram and supplemental damping ratios, transfer function, and robustness to frequency variation, respectively. Finally, a residential building example is adopted to validate the feasibility of the proposed retrofitting strategy and the closed‐form optimal design solutions. It is demonstrated that the optimal tuning frequency ratios derived by the fixed‐point method and equal modal damping criterion are different for U‐TMDI due to the influence of elevator stiffness ratio , while its degradation forms for tuned mass damper (TMD) are identical, recognizing the importance of the elevator stiffness. Moreover, the proposed retrofitting strategy of using an inerter elevator can significantly mitigate the main structure displacement by about 18%∼23% for both far‐field and near‐fault earthquakes.
Prevalence and Reclassification of Genetic Variants in South African Populations with Breast Cancer
Authors: Osler Tabitha S. , Brandenburg Jean‐Tristan , Schoeman Mardelle , Chen Wenlong Carl , Urban Michael F. , Mathew Christopher G. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTConcurrent testing of numerous genes for hereditary breast cancer (BC) is available but can result in management difficulties. We evaluated use of an expanded BC gene panel in women of diverse South African ancestries and assessed use of African genomic data to reclassify variants of uncertain significance (VUS). A total of 331 women of White, Black African, or Mixed Ancestry with BC had a 9‐gene panel test, with an additional 75 genes tested in those without a pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variant. The proportion of VUS reclassified using ClinGen gene‐specific allele frequency (AF) thresholds or an AF > 0.001 in nonguidelines genes in African genomic data was determined. The 9‐gene panel identified 58 P/LP variants, but only two of the P/LP variants detected using the 75‐gene panel were in confirmed BC genes, resulting in a total of 60 (18.1%) in all participants. P/LP variant prevalence was similar across ancestry groups, but VUS prevalence was higher in Black African and Mixed Ancestry than in White participants. In total, 611 VUS were detected, representing 324 distinct variants. 10.8% (9/83) of VUS met ClinGen AF thresholds in genomic data while 10.8% (26/240) in nonguideline genes had an AF > 0.001. Overall, 27.0% of VUS occurrences could potentially be reclassified using African genomic data. Thus, expanding the gene panel yielded few clinically actionable variants but many VUS, particularly in participants of Black African and Mixed Ancestry. However, use of African genomic data has the potential to reclassify a significant proportion of VUS.
A basin‐wide carbon‐related proxy dataset in arid China
Authors: Li Yu , Xue Yaxin , Gao Mingjun , Zhang Zhansen , Peng Simin , Duan Junjie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractClosed basin accounts for about one‐fifth of the global land area and is an important part of the global terrestrial carbon cycle. Due to its relatively close geographical environment and independent carbon cycling system, it is an ideal place to study regional carbon cycling. Here we present a carbon‐related proxy dataset for the Shiyang River Basin in the eastern part of the Hexi Corridor. The dataset collected carbon‐related indicator data for 997 sediment samples from 14 profiles, 92 surface sediment samples and 25 groundwater samples. It includes total nitrogen (TN), total organic carbon (TOC), inorganic carbon (IC), carbon‐nitrogen ratio (C/N), organic carbon isotopes (δ13Corg), carbonate carbon isotopes (δ13Ccarb), oxygen isotopes (δ18O) and other proxy indicator data, as well as profile and groundwater age data. These data will play an important role in studying organic carbon sinks, inorganic carbon sinks, carbon cycling processes and environmental changes in the closed basin. This dataset can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10252702.
Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy with concurrent hysterectomy or uterine preservation: A metanalysis and systematic review
Authors: Tius Veronica , Arcieri Martina , Taliento Cristina , Pellecchia Giulia , Capobianco Giampiero , Simoncini Tommaso , Panico Giovanni , Caramazza Daniela , Campagna Giuseppe , Driul Lorenza , Scambia Giovanni , Ercoli Alfredo , Restaino Stefano , Vizzielli Giuseppe 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundLiterature is lacking strong evidence about comparisons of efficacy and quality of life‐related outcomes between laparoscopic total and/or supracervical hysterectomy (LTH/LSCH) with laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy (LSC) and minimally invasive sacrohysteropexy (LSH).ObjectiveTo summarize and compare available data on this topic providing a useful clinical tool in the treatment decision process.Search StrategyWe performed a systematic research of PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science, and Gooogle Scholar.Selection CriteriaWe included studies that compared at least one efficacy outcome (objective or subjective outcome) between LTH/LSCH with LSC and LSH. Data on surgery‐related morbidities were also extracted where available.Data Collection and AnalysisA random‐effect meta‐analysis was conducted reporting pooled mean differences and odds ratios (OR) between groups using Review Manager V.7.9.0.Main ResultsWe included a total of nine observational studies. LTH/LSCH with LSH was associated with a significantly higher objective success (apical compartment OR 7.95; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.23–28.33; I2 = 0%; P = 0.001; anterior compartment OR 2.23; 95% CI 1.26–4.30; I2 = 12%; P = 0.007) and subjective success (OR 3.19; 95% CI 1.42–7.17; I2 = 39%; P = 0.005). No differences were found regarding intraoperative and postoperative complications, sexual dysfunction, and stress urinary incontinence rate after surgery. Hysteropexy showed shorter operative time and shorter hospital length with a pool mean difference of 27.37 min (95% CI 18.04–32.71; I2 = 0%; P < 0.001) and 0.7 days (95% CI 0.24–1.17; I2 = 75%; P = 0.003), respectively. Concurrent hysterectomy was not associated with a higher rate of mesh‐related complications (P = 0.53). No major differences were found regarding recurrence and reoperation rate (P = 0.10 and P = 0.93, respectively).ConclusionsLTH/LSCH with LSC has better objective and subjective outcomes in pelvic organ prolapse surgery than LSH alone, especially for apical and anterior compartments, and is not associated with higher postoperative sexual dysfunction and mesh‐related complications. Adequate preoperative counseling is highly recommended in patients who desire uterine preservation.PROSPERO Registration NumberCRD42024537270.