bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Strength and Minimum Wall Thickness of Wellhead Equipment for Ultrahigh-Pressure Oil and Gas Wells
Authors: Shi Junlin , Lian Zhanghua , Ding Liangliang , Wan Zhiyong , Shi Taihe , Li Chaoming 
Published: October 2024

Summary
As oil and gas wells are drilled to greater depths, wellhead pressure is expected to exceed the 20 ksi (138 MPa) limit specified by API SPEC 6A and other industrial standards, necessitating the development of 25 ksi (172.4 MPa) equipment. This paper focuses on the strength design and analysis of ultrahigh-pressure wellhead equipment, reviewing various wall-thickness calculation formulas and design criteria based on basic mechanical theory. It traces the flange wall thickness calculations in API SPEC 6A, discusses issues with 25-ksi equipment, and analyzes safety factors, methods, and allowable stresses in different standards. The findings of the research indicate that for high-pressure equipment with a pressure of 25 ksi (172.4 MPa), the optimal ratio of outer diameter to inner diameter is 2, and the structure can meet the requisite strength requirements. The wall thickness design method for structures such as flanges in traditional American Petroleum Institute (API) specifications uses the maximum principal stress criterion for calculation, which is not applicable to high-pressure equipment. For high-strength steel with high yield ratio used in high-pressure equipment, yield strength and tensile strength should be combined in design and use, fully utilizing the material’s properties. It is recommended to use finite element analysis for high- and ultrahigh-pressure complex structures, following the latest design concepts such as elastic-plastic ASME standards. The research provides a theoretical basis for designing ultrahigh-pressure wellhead equipment.
Surrogate Model of Shale Stress Based on Plackett-Burman and Central Composite Design
Authors: Mu Shuxing , Zhao Lianheng , Liu Yuxuan 
Published: October 2024

Summary
Multifactor analysis and accurate prediction of dynamic stress in shale reservoirs are of great practical significance for designing hydraulic fracturing. In this paper, a surrogate model for the rapid prediction of shale stress is proposed by considering the geomechanical heterogeneity and multiscale seepage mechanism of shale gas. The Plackett-Burman method is used to compare the influence of different parameters on shale stress, and significant parameters are selected as decision variables for establishing a surrogate model. The surrogate model for predicting stress is obtained by central composite design fitting, and the interaction of significant factors on shale stress is studied. The results show that after considering the heterogeneity, the minimum horizontal stress fluctuation range is 20.25 to 44.03 MPa and the maximum horizontal stress fluctuation range is 26.46 to 49.77 MPa in the area controlling hydraulic fracture. The initial reservoir pressure, as well as the length and width of hydraulic fractures, are the key factors influencing reservoir stress. The analysis of variance demonstrates that the proposed method is effective for predicting shale stress. The research results are helpful for gaining a deeper understanding of the evolution mechanism of dynamic stress fields in shale reservoirs and provide guidance for treatment design and dynamic optimization of gas wells.
Mitigation of Axial Flow Turbine Losses by An Optimised Bump Hub Wall Treatment
Authors: Obaida Hayder Mahdi Baqer 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The change in turbine stator 1 and rotor hub surface shapes has a significant effect on the reduction of the turbine secondary flow losses. This reduction was implemented by boosting the aeroderivative optimised bump hub wall treatment in both stator 1 and rotor hub surfaces that reduced results from the reduction of the turbine flow separation losses. This technique was compared with axisymmetric hub surface in Aachen Turbine that used in industry and the highest increased in turbine stage isentropic efficiency was used. This prevented the suction side branch and the pressure side horseshoe vortex from combining. The mixing plane between the turbine stator 1 and rotor experienced a drop in turbulent kinetic energy as a result. By using a hub shaped by the optimised bump, a 6.19% reduction in the total pressure loss coefficient predicted by openFOAM is expected as compared with axisymmetric hub in both stator 1 and rotor. A Kriging surrogate model is used to predict the best surface parameters for the optimised stator 1 and rotor hub surfaces. It is anticipated that the greater turbine stage isentropic efficiency will improve the profitability by 0.23%.
Plug-in Electric Vehicles and Renewable Energy Sources constrained Unit Commitment Problem using Cat and Mouse Based Optimization algorithm
Authors: Kamalanathan V. , Asokan K. , BalaKumar S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This paper addresses the Cost-Based Unit Commitment (CBUC) problem by incorporating RES and PEVs. It proposes a novel optimization tool, the Cat and Mouse Based Optimizer (CMBO), designed to find the optimal solution for the CBUC problem. The CMBO algorithm divides the population into two groups: the Cat group and the Mice group. These groups work together in two phases—the cat's pursuit of the mice and the mice's escape to safety—continually updating their positions to converge on the best solution efficiently. The CMBO method was tested on a standard IEEE-39 bus system, which includes 10 generators and spans 24 hours, along with an equivalent PEV and Wind farm. The results showed that the CMBO approach effectively minimized the total operating costs across various test cases. Key outcomes such as the UC schedule, real power output of thermal, wind, and PEV units, fuel costs, startup costs, and total operating costs of the interconnected system were both numerically and graphically presented. Finally, the simulated results obtained using the CMBO algorithm were compared with other mathematical and intelligent computational approaches, demonstrating the efficiency and superior performance of the proposed CMBO technique.
Nitric oxide responsive NAD(P)-binding Rossman-fold superfamily protein NONBR negatively regulates the growth and immunity of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Azzawi Tiba Nazar Ibrahim Al , Khan Murtaza , Hussain Adil , Shaffique Shifa , Khan Fahad Uallah , Lee Da-Sol , Lee In-Jung , Yun Byung-Wook 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Nitric oxide plays a pivotal role in governing various biological and physiological processes in plants, including growth, development, hormone signaling, and defense responses against both biotic and abiotic stresses. Here we investigate the role of the NO-responsive ATNONBR gene in influencing the growth and immunity of Arabidopsis thaliana atnonbr mutant plants in comparison to WT and other relevant control lines under oxidative (induced by H2O2 and methyl viologen), and nitro-oxidative (induced by the NO donors CySNO and GNSO) stress conditions.
Results
Our findings revealed that, under these conditions, the atnonbr plants exhibited longer roots and shoot lengths compared to WT plants. In addition, to elucidate the role of ATNONBR in basal defense, R-gene mediated resistance and SAR, plants were inoculated with the virulent strain of hemi-biotrophic bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato PstDC3000 as well as virulent strain (PstDC3000avrB). The atnonbr knockout mutant line exhibited a significantly resistant phenotype, elevated expression of AtPR1, AtPR2, AtG3dph, and AtAZI along with enhanced SA accumulation and reduced electrolyte leakage indicating that At1G07450 negatively regulates the basal defense, R-gene-mediated resistance, and SAR in A. thaliana. Further data mining was employed to determine the basal expression of ATNONBR in various plant parts which also indicated significant reduction in its expression in response to multiple biotic and abiotic factors. Furthermore, computational analysis predicted physical interaction of ATNONBR with two other proteins of the same family and several other proteins with high confidence. Besides, two cysteine molecules were detected with high confidence scores as potential targets of S-Nitrosylation by NO, closer to the NADP binding site as well as the substrate and active sites.
Conclusion
Our study indicates that ATNONBR negatively regulates root and shoot lengths in Arabidopsis thaliana under redox stress conditions, while also exerting a negative influence on its immunity. Additionally, computational analysis predicted its interaction with other proteins and has two cysteine residues as potential targets for S-Nitrosylation.
Association between unhygienic menstrual management practices and prevalence of lower reproductive tract infections in rural community of Kilolo District, Tanzania
Authors: Chilipweli Peter M , Idi Farida , Madelemo Vicent T , Sabuni Paul A , Mwambope Given 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction: This study aimed to determine whether poor menstrual hygiene practices were associated with common infections of the lower reproductive tract mainly Bacterial vaginosis (BV) and Candida.
Method: Methodology included non-pregnant women of reproductive age (14–45 years) attending the four selected health. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect information on: MHM practices and socio-economic and demographic information. Specimens from posterior vaginal fornix were collected using swabs for diagnosis of BV and Candida infection.
Results: The results showed that; A total of 207 women were recruited for the study of whom 37.2 % were diagnosed with the tested lower reproductive tract infections. After adjustment for potentially confounding factors, women diagnosed with RTIs infection were more likely to use reusable absorbent material (P<0.001) and practice lower frequency of personal washing (P=0.004)On multivariate analysis finds point that being not married is associated with a higher likelihood of having an RTI and Changing absorbents only once a day is associated with a higher likelihood of having an RTI.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the study findings highlight the critical role of absorbent changing frequency in the incidence of reproductive tract infections (RTIs). Specifically, changing absorbents only once a day is significantly associated with a higher likelihood of developing an RTI compared to more frequent changes. This underscores the importance of proper hygiene practices in preventing RTIs.
Unravelling Emergence of Chirality in Click-Chemistry Polymers Down to the Single-Chain Level
Authors: Ruggeri Francesco , Li Xuecong , Pujari Sidharam , Gucht Jasper van der , Zuilhof Han 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Chirality plays a critical role in the structure and function of natural and synthetic polymers, impacting their mechanical, optical, and electronic properties. However, a comprehensive understanding of the hierarchical emergence of chirality from monomers to macromolecular assemblies remains elusive, largely because of current limitations in studying their chemical-structural properties at the nanoscale. Here, we unravel the emergence of different forms of chirality from small molecules to their resulting polymers and supramolecular assemblies. We leverage bulk spectroscopic methods combined with the development of mechanical-acoustical suppressed infrared nanospectroscopy, to empower chemical-structural analysis of single-polymer chains for the first time. This unprecedented sensitivity allows identifying key functional groups as a signature for different forms of chirality: CH groups for central chirality in small molecules; C = O groups for backbone and supramolecular chirality in heterogeneous polymers. This work opens a new single-molecule chemical angle of observation into chirality and polymers for the rational design in materials science, biotechnology, and medicine.
Edge-guided inverse design of digital metamaterials for ultra-high-capacity on-chip multi-dimensional interconnect
Authors: Zhang Junwen , Sun Aolong , Xing Sizhe , Deng Xuyu , Shen Ruoyu , Yan An , Hu Fangchen , Yuan Yuqin , Dong Boyu , Zhao Junhao , Huang Ouhan , Li Ziwei , Shi Jianyang , Zhou Yingjun , Shen Chao , Zhao Yiheng , Hong Bingzhou , Chu Wei , Cai Haiwen , Chi Nan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The escalating demands of compute-intensive applications, including artificial intelligence, urgently necessitate the adoption of sophisticated optical on-chip interconnect technologies to overcome critical bottlenecks in scaling future computing systems. This transition requires leveraging the inherent parallelism of wavelength and mode dimensions of light, complemented by high-order modulation formats, to significantly enhance data throughput. Here we experimentally demonstrate a novel synergy of these three dimensions, achieving multi-tens-of-terabits-per-second on-chip interconnects using ultra-broadband, multi-mode digital metamaterials. Employing a highly efficient edge-guided analog-and-digital optimization method, we inversely design foundry-compatible, robust, and multi-port digital metamaterials with an 8×higher computational efficiency. Using a packaged five-mode multiplexing chip, we demonstrate a single-wavelength interconnect capacity of 1.62 Tbit s− 1 and a record-setting multi-dimensional interconnect capacity of 38.2 Tbit s− 1 across 5 modes and 88 wavelength channels. A theoretical analysis suggests that further system optimization can enable on-chip interconnects to reach sub-petabit-per-second data transmission rates. This study highlights the transformative potential of optical interconnect technologies to surmount the constraints of electronic links, thus setting the stage for next-generation datacenter and optical compute interconnects.
Metabolic Reprogramming in Glioblastoma: A Rare Case of Recurrence to Scalp Metastasis
Authors: Behrooz Amir Barzegar , Latifi-Navid Hamid , Zolfaghari Narges , Piroozmand Somayeh , Nazar Elham , Bourbour Mahsa , Jusheghani Fatemeh , Aghaei Mahmoud , Azarpira Negar , Mollasalehi Fatemeh , Alamdar Sedigheh , Nasimian Ahmad , Lotfi Jabar , Shojaei Shahla , Pour-Rashidi Ahmad , Ghavami Saeid 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Glioblastoma (GB) is an aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis, often limiting survival to 1.5-2 years. Despite standard treatment, most patients experience local recurrence within the first year, with metastasis, particularly extracranial, being exceptionally rare. The mechanisms driving GB metastasis remain poorly understood, but metabolic reprogramming has emerged as a potential factor in enhancing survival and invasiveness. This study reports a rare case of recurrent GB with scalp metastasis and explores the metabolic mechanisms behind this aggressive behavior using systems biology.
Methods
Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was employed to analyze amino acid profiles in both the recurrent and metastatic stages of GB. Systems biology approaches were used to uncover genetic alterations and metabolic reprogramming associated with the progression from recurrence to metastasis.
Results
Our analysis revealed distinct amino acid utilization patterns in a patient with a molecular phenotype of wild-type IDH-1&2, TERT mutation, non-mutated BRAF and EGFR, and non-methylated MGMT. Significant differences in amino acid profiles were observed between blood and CSF samples during recurrence and metastasis. Additionally, protein-protein interaction analysis identified key genomic drivers potentially responsible for the transition from recurrent to metastatic GB.
Conclusions
Beyond established risk factors such as craniotomy, biopsies, ventricular shunting, and radiation therapy, our findings suggest that metabolic reprogramming plays a crucial role in the transition from recurrent to metastatic GB. Targeting these metabolic shifts could provide new avenues for managing and preventing extracranial metastasis in GB, making this an important focus for future research.
Multiomics analyses reveal adipose-derived stem cells inhibit the inflammatory response of M1-like macrophages through secreting lactate
Authors: Horie Tetsuhiro , Hirata Hiroaki , Sakamoto Takuya , Kitajima Hironori , Fuku Atsushi , Nakamura Yuka , Sunatani Yumi , Tanida Ikuhiro , Sunami Hiroshi , Tachi Yoshiyuki , Ishigaki Yasuhito , Yamamoto Naoki , Shimizu Yusuke , Ichiseki Toru , Kaneuji Ayumi , Iwabuchi Kuniyoshi , Osawa Satoshi , Kawahara Norio 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are widely used in the field of regenerative medicine because of their various functions, including anti-inflammatory effects. ADSCs are considered to exert their anti-inflammatory effects by secreting anti-inflammatory cytokines and extracellular vesicles. Although recent studies have reported that metabolites have a variety of physiological activities, whether those secreted by ADSCs have anti-inflammatory properties remains unclear. Here, we performed multiomics analyses to examine the effect of ADSC-derived metabolites on M1-like macrophages, which play an important role in inflammatory responses.
Methods
The concentration of metabolites in the culture supernatant of ADSCs was quantified using capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry. To evaluate their effects on inflammatory responses, M1-like macrophages were exposed to the conditioned ADSC medium or their metabolites, and RNA sequencing was used to detect gene expression changes. Immunoblotting was performed to examine how the metabolite suppresses inflammatory processes. To clarify the contribution of the metabolite in the conditioned medium to its anti-inflammatory effects, metabolite uptake was pharmacologically inhibited, and gene expression and the tumor necrosis factor-α concentration were measured by quantitative PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively.
Results
Metabolomic analysis showed large amounts of lactate in the culture supernatant. The conditioned medium and lactate significantly suppressed or increased the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory gene expressions. However, sequencing and immunoblotting analysis revealed that lactate did not induce polarization from M1- to M2-like macrophages. Based on a recent report that the immunosuppressive effect of lactate depends on epigenetic reprogramming, histone acetylation was investigated, and H3K27ac expression was upregulated. In addition, 7ACC2, which specifically inhibits the monocarboxylate transporter 1, significantly inhibited the anti-inflammatory effect of the conditioned ADSC medium on M1-like macrophages.
Conclusions
Our results showed that ADSCs suppress pro-inflammatory effects of M1-like macrophages by secreting lactate. This study adds to our understanding of the importance of metabolites and is also expected to elucidate new mechanisms of ADSC treatments.
Effects of Changes in the Economic Lifespan of Residential Buildings on CO2 Emissions: Evidence from Japan
Authors: Matsushima Sora 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Residential buildings in Japan have shorter lifespans than those of buildings in other countries. Although it is customary for residential buildings to lose value in the real-estate market when they cross their statutory lifetimes, this rapid reconstruction cycle poses an environmental burden. However, an increase in the proportion of new housing units built according to strict energy-saving standards could have a positive environmental impact. Research on the economic lifetime of buildings remains insufficient, and the trade-offs between the impact of demand in the national housing stock on CO2 emissions and the impact of reconstruction on CO2 emissions throughout an economic lifetime remain under-researched. Therefore, this study investigates the impact of the economic lifetime of detached wooden residential buildings in Japan on CO2 emissions during the manufacturing and use phases. Specifically, it estimates the economic lifetime of detached wooden residential buildings based on real estate transaction data, and assesses the effects of changes in CO2 emissions during the manufacturing and use phases by altering the average lifetime. The results show that a shorter economic lifetime of residential buildings significantly contributes to an increase in CO2 emissions, whereas extending the lifespan gradually contributes to a decrease, thereby making a strong case for reassessing the statutory useful life of residential buildings in Japan. This study provided evidence that maintaining the economic lifetime of buildings and transitioning to ambitious extensions are crucial aspects of environmental policies.
Virtual Reality High-Intensity Interval Training Exergaming Compared to Traditional High-Intensity Circuit Training Among Medical Students: Pilot Crossover Study
Authors: Merola Pietro , Cardoso Marcos Barros , Barreto Gabriel , Chagas Matheus Carvalho , Farias Oliveira Saunders Luana , Saunders Bryan , Cortozi Berton Danilo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
This study evaluated the effectiveness of a virtual reality (VR) high-intensity interval training (HIIT) boxing protocol compared to traditional high-intensity circuit training (HICT) in improving exercise motivation, engagement, and physiological responses among 30 healthy medical students.

Objective
The purpose was to compare the VR HIIT protocol, which involved using an Oculus Quest 2 for a futuristic exoskeleton game experience, with a traditional 12-exercise HICT.

Methods
In total, 30 medical students engaged in both VR HIIT, using an Oculus Quest 2 for a futuristic exoskeleton game experience, and a traditional 12-exercise HICT. Metrics included heart rate (HR) and blood lactate levels before and after exercise alongside ratings of perceived exertion and the Situational Motivation Scale.

Results
VR HIIT showed significantly higher mean HR (mean 161, SD 15 vs mean 144, SD 11 bpm; d=1.5; P<.001), peak HR (mean 182, SD 15 vs mean 176, SD 11 bpm; d=0.8; P=.001), and ratings of perceived exertion (mean 16, SD 2 vs mean 15, SD 2; d=0.4; P=.03). Postexercise lactate levels were higher in HICT (mean 8.8, SD 4.5 vs mean 10.6, SD 3.0 mmol/L; d=0.6; P=.006). Intrinsic motivation and other psychological measures showed no significant differences, except for lower fatigue in HICT (d=0.5; P=.02).

Conclusions
VR HIIT significantly enhances physiological parameters while maintaining intrinsic motivation, making it a viable alternative to traditional HICT. However, the short-term nature of this study is a limitation, and future research should explore the long-term engagement and therapeutic impacts of VR exercise in diverse and clinical populations.