bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
B - 17 Cognition, Social and Occupational Functioning, and Symptom Severity as Predictors on Family Burden in First Episode Psychosis
Authors: Gates-Woodyatt Jessie J , Done Monica E , Collins Delaney , Condray Ruth , Allen Daniel N 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Individuals with first episode psychosis (FEP) are often dependent on family members to assist with recovery following diagnosis. Family members frequently become caregivers, helping with scheduling and transportation to appointments, medication management, and tasks of daily living. However, such caregiving responsibilities can impact financial resources, employment, family routine, and cause higher rates of stress within the family. The following study examined cognitive, demographic and symptom predictors of self-reported caregiver burden in FEP.

Methods
Participants included 61 individuals experiencing their first episode of psychosis (26.2% female; mean age = 20.7). IQ was assessed with the WASI-II. Psychosis symptom severity over the past 7 days was assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Disorders. Demographic data and social and occupational functioning were also collected. The Family Assessment Scale was completed by the primary caregiver to assess different domains of family burden (e.g., finance, employment, recreational activities, leisure time, stigma, and emotions).

Results
Multiple regression analyses indicated that severity of delusions was a significant predictor of caregiver burden. However, IQ, race, age, and social and occupational functioning were not significant predictors.

Conclusions
Current results indicate that for FEP, delusions severity is a stronger predictor of caregiver burden than other factors expected to impact burden, such as IQ and social and occupational functioning. Results provide preliminary evidence indicating that early in the course of psychotic illness, active delusions play a key role in increased caregiver burden.
B - 20 The Role of Fatigue, Anxiety, Depression, and Stress (FADS) in Executive Functioning Following COVID-19
Authors: Nemanim Natasha , Angelini Sofia , Roth Alyssa , Hansen Gabrielle , Perez Veronica B 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Evidence indicates COVID-19 may residually impact executive functioning (EF). Despite disproportionately higher rates of COVID-19 amongst people of the global majority (PGM), there is limited research on ethnoracial disparities in neuropsychological and psychiatric outcomes following COVID-19. This study compares fatigue, anxiety, depression, and stress (FADS), as well as neurocognitive complaints (NC) and neuropsychological functioning in PGM versus non-PGM groups with and without a history of COVID-19. We expected PGM to report more severe FADS with a COVID-19 history than non-PGM, and for FADS to relate to task performance.

Method
Ninety-nine participants without a history of COVID-19 (52 PGM, 47 non-PGM) and sixty-six participants with a history of COVID-19 (22 PGM, 44 non-PGM) completed neuropsychological measures (e.g., WAIS-IV Digit Span, Oral Trail Making Test, WCST-64, and D-KEFS Color Word Interference), the Everyday Cognition Scale (scale of NCs), the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, and the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory.

Results
ANOVA revealed a main PGM-affiliation effect for FADS. Although no interaction between COVID-19 and PGM-affiliation on EF were found, significant interactions were demonstrated in anxiety (p = 0.023) and stress (p = 0.007) and were marginal for depression (p = 0.06), but not fatigue. Stress significantly covaried EF performance.

Conclusions
While there may not be significant interactions between ethnoracial identity and COVID-19 on objective EF tasks, NCs, anxiety, depression, and stress appear to vary according to ethnoracial identity depending on COVID-19 history. Therefore, PGM may be more affected on EF when experiencing elevated FADS. Future research should aim to inform treatment for those experiencing NC and psychiatric distress following COVID-19.
B - 22 Self-Reported Traumatic Brain Injury and its Biopsychosocial Risk Factors in Siblings of Individuals with Neurodevelopmental Conditions
Authors: Wolff Brittany , Glasson Emma , Babikian Talin , Pestell Carmela 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Siblings of individuals with neurodevelopmental conditions (NDCs) are situated within a complex system of transdiagnostic risk and resilience factors for poor psychosocial, cognitive and behavioral outcomes. Many such factors experienced by NDC siblings overlap with risk for traumatic brain injury (TBI) and correlate with poorer recovery trajectories.

Method
With data from an online self-report survey, the present study used Bayesian analyses to characterize and compare TBI and biopsychosocial risk factors amongst 632 siblings (207 NDC, 425 controls; mean age 20.54 years, range 10–30, 78.48% female), and examine correlations between clinical, biological, and social determinant of health variables.

Results
NDC siblings had a higher self-reported lifetime history of TBI compared to controls (14.98% versus 6.35%), with most NDC siblings reporting more than one TBI, and at an earlier mean age. TBI history was associated with psychiatric diagnoses and subclinical NDC features, including hyperactivity and impulsivity, inattention, conduct problems, and autistic traits. Family and structural factors related to TBI included poorer parent–child relationship, NDC diagnoses of autism or fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, minority ethnicity and lower income.

Conclusions
Findings have important clinical and policy implications for health literacy, TBI education and screening, development of prevention and intervention strategies, and implementation of family support to target social and structural determinants of health impacting NDC sibling wellbeing.
B - 23 Surveying Public Perceptions about the Coverage of Sports Concussion in the Media
Authors: Sullivan Karen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Public awareness of sports concussion is key for injury management. This awareness is shaped by media reporting and has been critiqued for different reasons by health professionals and sport stakeholders. The community’s view about this reporting is unknown.

Methods
157 community volunteers completed an online survey, including a purpose-built multi-item measure of perceptions of sports concussion media portrayal (PoSCoMP). The PoSCoMP score was compared for groups based on concussion history, concussion education, concussion knowledge, playing a concussion-risk sport, or regular sports media consumption. Item consensus (endorsement by &gt;50% of the sample) and free-text responses were descriptively analysed.

Results
The PoSCoMP had acceptable internal consistency (α &gt; 0.79). One statistically significant group difference was found (p &lt; 0.05). Compared to people with no concussion history, people with a concussion history had a more negative perception of the media coverage (Cohen’s d = 0.53 [medium effect]). There were nine commonly agreed perceptions (e.g., important for player safety), and four commonly disagreed perceptions (e.g., ignored in some sports). The free-text responses urged change in the media coverage of sports concussion, with some perceiving this as already underway.

Conclusion
Community members’ views about the media portrayal of sports concussion are largely unaffected by individual differences and share commonalities with the views of sport stakeholders and health professionals. Future efforts to improve public awareness of concussion through media reporting should consider the public’s position on this coverage. This could lead to changes that have the public’s support and are more effective in increasing public injury awareness.
B - 27 Images and Distorted Facts: Seeing beyond the Concussion in Patients with Persisting Symptoms after Concussion
Authors: O'Reilly Molly A , Hammond Jared B , Marschall Kelsea P , Barros Kathleen , Lichtenstein Jonathan D 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Persisting symptoms after concussion (PSaC) present significant challenges in clinical practice, with up to 30% of youth experiencing prolonged difficulties beyond one-month post-injury. This project aimed to characterize a sample of patients referred for neuropsychological evaluation due to PSaC and explore factors contributing to persisting symptoms.

Method
Data were retrospectively collected from 54 patients referred for neuropsychological evaluation at a rural academic medical center. On average, they were aged 16.35 ± 2.81 years (range = 7–24) with FSIQ of 105.39 ± 15.41 (range = 75–146). The sample was predominantly White (90.7%) and female (59.3%). Correlations with bootstrapped linear and logistic regressions were used to analyze relationships.

Results
Three-quarters (75.9%) of patients experienced symptoms attributable to factors other than concussion, and 90.7% did not receive/follow evidence-based recommendations (EBR) post-injury. Pre-existing migraines, anxiety, depression, and other psychiatric disorders, significantly correlated with symptom burden. Linear regression including anxiety, depression, migraines, other psychiatric disorders, and a lack of EBR predicted the number of symptoms reported [R2 = 0.314, F(5, 48) = 4.40, p = 0.002]. Any history of psychiatric disorders predicted current number of symptoms [R2 = 0.121, F(1, 52) = 7.129, p = 0.010]. Binomial logistic regression with migraines (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.389, p = 0.000) and depression (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.124, p = 0.033) significantly predicted non-concussion etiology. Non-concussion etiology was better predicted by robust logistic modeling of anxiety, depression, migraines, other psychiatric disorders, and not following EBR (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.575, p = 0.000).

Conclusions
Our findings, though limited in generalizability, underscore the need for individualized PSaC management. Early involvement of neuropsychology in concussion care may facilitate accurate diagnosis, tailored interventions, and improved outcomes, mitigating the risk of iatrogenic effects and optimizing patient recovery via EBR.
B - 28 Overcoming Access Challenges: Exploring Affordable Options for Pediatric Concussion and Vestibular Dysfunction Diagnosis
Authors: Gordon Taryn , Thorne Shaylyn , Franke Michelle , Burkhart Scott 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Sport and recreation-related head injuries, numbering 1.3 to 2.2 million annually in the US, lead to vestibular dysfunction in up to 80% of pediatric concussions. While the Gaze Stabilization Test (GST) is widely used for identifying such dysfunction, its cost and requirement for specialized equipment limit its accessibility. This study explored the effectiveness of utilizing the Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS) and the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) in clinical concussion testing among student athletes as more accessible options.

Methods
Patients receiving care at a concussion clinic were screened for study inclusion. Patients were included if they received a confirmed diagnosis of concussion, were injured playing a sport, and were seen by the vestibular-trained physical therapist within seven days of their injury. Patients completed the GST, VOMS, and DHI as part of an initial clinical assessment. Sensitivity, specificity, and AUC were analyzed for the VOMS and DHI compared to the GST.

Results
Thirty-one student-athletes (15.3 ± 1.5 years; 19 male, 12 female) were included. Participants who reported a symptom increase of two or more after completing the VOMS (+2 VOMS) exhibited a sensitivity of 0.879, a specificity of 0.261, and an AUC of 0.586. Specificity increased as symptoms increased (+3 VOMS and + 4 VOMS). In comparison, DHI scores at or above the clinical cut-off yielded a sensitivity of 0.500, a specificity of 0.696, and an AUC of 0.598.

Conclusion
In the absence of robust assessments such as the GST, utilizing the combination of the VOMS and the DHI may provide important diagnostic insights regarding vestibular dysfunction.
B - 30 Influence of Military Blast Exposure on Subjective Post-Concussion Symptom Reporting
Authors: Nixon Tana , Bare Kailyn , Ramanauskas Brian , Ulrich Devin , Phillips Matthew , Soble Jason 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Repeated subconcussive blast exposure associated with explosive breaching, mortars, and shoulder-fired artillery weapons is commonly seen in the military/veteran population and has been found to contribute to adverse neurological outcomes; however, the extent is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of blast exposure during military or other training exercises on neurobehavioral symptom endorsement.

Method
Cross-sectional data from 48 nonclinical post-deployment Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom veterans prospectively-recruited for a study examining posttraumatic stress and cognitive correlates at an urban VA Medical Center were examined (M age = 36.02; SD = 6.12; M years of education = 14.94; SD = 1.84). The sample was 96% male, 41% White, 39% Black, 4% Asian, and 16% Other. The Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) was used to assess self-reported vestibular, somatosensory, cognitive, and affective post-concussion symptoms, and the Boston Assessment of Traumatic Brain Injury-Lifetime semi-structured clinical interview assessed military-related blast exposure.

Results
There was a significant difference in neurobehavioral symptoms based on blast exposure, F(4,43) = 3.49, p = 0.015; Wilk’s Λ = 0.755, partial η2 = 0.25. Follow-up analyses showed that veterans with history of blast exposure endorsed significantly higher levels of somatosensory (F(1,47) = 7.69, p = 0.008, η2 = 0.143); affective (F(1,47) = 12.66, p &lt; 0.001, η2 = 0.216); cognitive (F(1,47) = 5.97, p = 0.018, η2 = 0.115); and vestibular (F(1,47) = 7.21, p = 0.010, η2 = 0.136) post-concussive symptoms on the NSI compared to those without history of military blast exposure.

Conclusion
Veterans with blast exposure during military service reported significantly greater levels of post-concussion symptoms. This demonstrates the need to assess history of blast exposure, implement prevention measures through safeguards and decreased exposure when possible, and establish treatment modalities to improve outcomes.
B - 31 Factor Analysis of Neuropsychological Attention Measures with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Patients
Authors: Mateer Elizabeth M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) often leads to attentional deficits, yet the neuropsychological tests traditionally used may not adequately reflect the cognitive impairments these patients experience. This study aimed to critically evaluate the construct validity and factor structure of attention-related neuropsychological tests in mTBI patients to better understand and diagnose attentional deficits.

Method
The research utilized a battery of neuropsychological tests used to assess attention among a sample of 269 adults with mTBI including the NAB Numbers & Letters Test, PASAT, Trail Making Test, and WAIS Digit Span, Coding, and Arithmetic subtests. Exploratory factor analysis was employed to investigate the factor structure of the test battery and to test the hypothesis concerning the dimensionality of attention constructs.

Results
The analysis revealed that attentional measures did not converge on a single latent factor but instead reflected four distinct factors. These factors were identified as 1) Visual Attention/Psychomotor Speed, 2) Auditory Working Memory, 3) Visuospatial Scanning/Search, and 4) Disruption.

Conclusions
This exploratory factor analysis unveiled a distinction between auditory and visual attention mechanisms within this population. This separation suggests that attentional processes are not monolithic but rather encompass distinct auditory and visual domains and corroborates the existing literature, including Mirsky’s (1991) model of attention, which posits multiple components of attention, albeit with a focus on differentiating processes rather than sensory modalities. The study highlights the complexity of attentional impairments in mTBI and underscores the need for a nuanced approach to the neuropsychological assessment of attention among mTBI patients.
B - 35 Recall of the Injury Event in Moderate–Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Nadir Suhaah , Duff Melissa C , Padilla Victoria-Grace , Tanguay Annick 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Autobiographical recall can be impoverished in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). We explored whether the recall of the TBI event was unique to this trend since the event is both self-defining and traumatic.

Methods
We recruited 30 non-injured comparison participants (NC) and 30 participants in the chronic phase of a moderate–severe TBI from the Brain Injury Patient Registry at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Participants in the TBI group recalled their TBI event and a self-selected event from 0–5 years before the TBI. The NC group recalled a self-selected event that matched the pre-injury’s temporal distance. We used the Autobiographical Interview scoring system to test whether events differed in the amount and type of details.

Results
Compared to the pre-injury event, the injury event had a higher number of episodic-like, p = 0.002, and external details (e.g., repetition and meta-comments), p = 0.011. The injury and pre-injury events had a similar proportion of episodic-like details (relative to all details), p = 0.295, indicating events were similarly supplemented with extraneous/inferential information. Further, the pre-injury event of the TBI group had a smaller number of episodic-like details, p &lt; 0.001, and a lower proportion of episodic-like details, p = 0.002, than the events from the NC group.

Conclusion
Whereas the recall of injury events may be unique due to their higher number of episodic-like details, they were also similar to general autobiographical memory recall in the preponderance of supplementary details. A confluence of factors, like personal relevance, compromised encoding due to loss of consciousness at the time of injury, and general difficulties in retrieval, may explain the findings.
B - 36 Investigating High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Remediating Word Finding Difficulty in Civilians with a History of Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury: a Pilot Study
Authors: Adhikari Ashna , Devora Paulina , Vintila Tyler , Mathews Amy , Nguyen Benjamin , Motes Michael , Lobue Christian , Cullum Monroe , Hart John , Chiang Hsueh-Sheng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Verbal-retrieval deficits often occur after traumatic brain injury (TBI), but no effective treatment is available. In this study, High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (HD-tDCS) was applied to examine its potential effects on cognitive, especially verbal-retrieval, performance in individuals with chronic TBI.

Method
Four adults (mean age 48 years; 3 females) with self-reported word-finding difficulty confirmed by objective measures following mild to moderate non-military TBIs sustained over a year ago underwent a double-blind, cross-over, randomized, sham-controlled trial. Each participant received 10 sessions of active HD-tDCS and sham stimulation over the superior medial frontal cortex. A battery of neuropsychological tests was administered including verbal-retrieval measures (i. e. letter fluency, category fluency, Boston Naming Test/BNT) at baseline, immediately, and 8 weeks post-treatment. Post-treatment performance was compared to baseline using 2-tailed paired t-tests.

Results
Improvements on letter fluency were observed between baseline and immediate assessments post active HD-tDCS, approaching statistical significance (p = 0.076, Cohen’s d = 0.957, 7.5 ± 5.7 more items). No immediate effects with sham HD-tDCS (p &gt; 0.10, 1.5 ± 3.5 more items) and no sustained effects (8 weeks after) were found with either active or sham HD-tDCS (ps &gt; 0.10). Additionally, no significant changes were observed for category fluency or BNT (all ps &gt; 0.10).

Conclusion
While our pilot study suggests a potential benefit for improved letter fluency immediately following active HD-tDCS compared to sham, the lack of sustained improvement after 8 weeks and the observed variability across different tests acknowledges the need for future larger-scale investigation across multiple cognitive domains.
B - 40 Sleep Mediates Anxiety and PTSD Symptoms in Service Members with a History of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Hershaw Jamie , Wilcox Steven 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are prevalent in individuals with a history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). US military service members (SMs) are at increased risk of sleep deficiency, which may influence the relationship between mTBI and psychological outcomes. This analysis examines the interaction of sleep quantity and mTBI on symptoms of depression, anxiety, and PTSD.

Method
A sample of 177 non-treatment seeking SMs completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL-5) and reported the number of hours slept the prior night (“sleep quantity”). The sample included SMs with and without a self-reported history of mTBI. Hierarchical regressions on BDI, BAI, and PCL-5 total scores were computed with group and sleep quantity (model 1) and their interaction (model 2) as predictors and age as a covariate.

Results
The interaction of mTBI and sleep quantity on BAI (p = 0.019) and PCL-5 (p = 0.070) total scores was significant and marginally significant, respectively, wherein the negative association between sleep quantity and symptom reporting was stronger in the mTBI group than controls. No interaction between mTBI and sleep quantity was observed for BDI total score (p = 0.578).

Conclusion
Worse psychological symptoms in SMs with a history of mTBI is related to lower sleep quantity. It may benefit these SM to address sleep deficiency or other sleep problems to improve these symptoms. Improving sleep may provide a means of indirectly targeting the adverse psychological outcomes common among SMs with mTBI, particularly anxiety-related problems.