bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Dysfunction, Obesity, and Survival Among Patients With Early-Stage Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Cespedes Feliciano Elizabeth M. , Kroenke Candyce H. , Meyerhardt Jeffrey A. , Prado Carla M. , Bradshaw Patrick T. , Dannenberg Andrew J. , Kwan Marilyn L. , Xiao Jingjie , Quesenberry Charles , Weltzien Erin K. , Castillo Adrienne L. , Caan Bette J. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose The effects of obesity and metabolic dysregulation on cancer survival are inconsistent. To identify high-risk subgroups of obese patients and to examine the joint association of metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) in combination with obesity, we categorized patients with early-stage (I to III) colorectal cancer (CRC) into four metabolic categories defined by the presence of MetSyn and/or obesity and examined associations with survival. Methods We studied 2,446 patients diagnosed from 2006 to 2011 at Kaiser Permanente. We assumed MetSyn if patients had three or more of five components present at diagnosis: fasting glucose > 100 mg/dL or diabetes; elevated blood pressure (systolic ≥ 130 mm Hg, diastolic ≥ 85 mm Hg, or antihypertensives); HDL cholesterol < 40 mg/dL (men) or < 50 mg/dL (women); triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL or antilipids; and/or highest sex-specific quartile of visceral fat by computed tomography scan (in lieu of waist circumference). We then classified participants according to the presence (or absence) of MetSyn and obesity (BMI < 30 or ≥ 30 kg/m2) and assessed associations with overall and CRC-related survival using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for demographic, tumor, and treatment factors and muscle mass at diagnosis. Results Over a median follow-up of 6 years, 601 patients died, 325 as a result of CRC. Mean (SD) age was 64 (11) years. Compared with the reference of nonobese patients without MetSyn (n = 1,225), for overall survival the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CIs were 1.45 (1.12 to 1.82) for obese patients with MetSyn (n = 480); 1.09 (0.83 to 1.44) for the nonobese with MetSyn (n = 417), and 1.00 (0.80 to 1.26) for obese patients without MetSyn (n = 324). Obesity with MetSyn also predicted CRC-related survival: 1.49 (1.09 to 2.02). The hazard of death increased with the number of MetSyn components present, independent of obesity. Conclusion Patients with early-stage CRC with obesity and MetSyn have worse survival, overall and CRC related.
Prevalence of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer in Autopsy Studies Over Six Decades: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Furuya-Kanamori Luis , Bell Katy J.L. , Clark Justin , Glasziou Paul , Doi Suhail A.R. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) incidence has been reported to have increased three- to 15-fold in the past few decades. It is unclear whether this represents overdiagnosis or a true increase in incidence. Therefore, the current study aimed to estimate the prevalence of incidental DTC in published autopsy series and determine whether this prevalence has been increasing over time. Materials and Methods PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched from inception to December 2015 for relevant studies. Two authors searched for all autopsy studies that had included patients with no known history of thyroid pathology and reported the prevalence of incidental DTC (iDTC). Two authors independently extracted the data, and discrepancies were resolved by another author. The pooled prevalence of iDTC was assessed using a fixed-effects meta-analysis model with robust error variance. The time effect was studied using an inverse-variance weighted logit-linear regression model with robust error variance and a time variable. Results Thirty-five studies, conducted between 1949 and 2007, met the inclusion criteria and contributed 42 data sets and 12,834 autopsies. The prevalence of iDTC among the partial and whole examination subgroups was 4.1% (95% CI, 3.0% to 5.4%) and 11.2% (95% CI, 6.7% to 16.1%), respectively. Once the intensiveness of thyroid examination was accounted for in the regression model, the prevalence odds ratio stabilized from 1970 onward, and no time effect was observed. Conclusion The current study confirms that iDTC is common, but the observed increasing incidence is not mirrored by prevalence within autopsy studies and, therefore, is unlikely to reflect a true population-level increase in tumorigenesis. This strongly suggests that the current increasing incidence of iDTC most likely reflects diagnostic detection increasing over time.
Market Mechanisms in Online Peer-to-Peer Lending
Authors: Wei Zaiyan , Lin Mingfeng 
Published: September 2016

Online peer-to-peer lending (P2P lending) has emerged as an appealing new channel of financing in recent years. A fundamental but largely unanswered question in this nascent industry is the choice of market mechanisms, i.e., how the supply and demand of funds are matched, and the terms (price) at which transactions will occur. Two of the most popular mechanisms are auctions (where the “crowd” determines the price of the transaction through an auction process) and posted prices (where the platform determines the price). While P2P lending platforms typically use one or the other, there is little systematic research on the implications of such choices for market participants, transaction outcomes, and social welfare. We address this question both theoretically and empirically. We first develop a game-theoretic model that yields empirically testable hypotheses, taking into account the incentive of the platform. We then test these hypotheses by exploiting a regime change from auctions to posted prices on one of the largest P2P lending platforms. Consistent with our hypotheses, we find that under platform-mandated posted prices, loans are funded with higher probability, but the preset interest rates are higher than borrowers’ starting interest rates and contract interest rates in auctions. More important, all else equal, loans funded under posted prices are more likely to default, thereby undermining lenders’ returns on investment and their surplus. Although platform-mandated posted prices may be faster in originating loans, auctions that rely on the crowd to discover prices are not necessarily inferior in terms of overall social welfare. This paper was accepted by Chris Forman, information systems.
Morfometrik lima species ikan yang dominan tertangkap di Danau Aneuk Laot, Kota Sabang
Authors: Khayra Auliyanisa , A. Muchlisin Zainal , A. Sarong Muhammad 
Published: September 2016

Abstract. The objective of the present study was to analyze the morphometric variationsof five predominant fish species caught in Lake Aneuk Laot, Sabang City,Weh Island.The study was conducted in December 2015 to January 2016. The survey method was used in this study. The fish target were Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), tilapia (O. mossambicus), snakeskin gourami (Trichopodus pectoralis), giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy) and snakehead (Channa striata). The fish samples were catched using gillnets. The fish sample were analyzed for traditional and truss network morphometrics. The results showed that there is closed morphological relationship between Nile tilapia and tilapia, and between snakeskin gourami and giant gourami, while the snakehead fish was discriminated apart from the two previous groups.Keywords: Morphometric Nile tilapia, tilapia, snakeskin gourami, giant gourami, snakehead fish, Weh Island Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis variasi morfologi ikan hasil tangkapan dominan di Danau Aneuk Laot Kota Sabang dengan menggunakan teknik traditional dan truss morphometric. Penelitian dilakukan pada Desember 2015 sampai Januari 2016. Ikan sampel terdiri dari ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus), ikan mujair (O. mossambicus), ikan sepat siam (Trichopodus pectoralis), ikan gurami (Osphronemus gorami) dan ikan gabus (Channa striata). Ikan sampel diperoleh dengan menggunakan alat tangkap jaring. Sebanyak 12 karakter traditional morphometric and 14 karakter truss dianalisis dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat tiga kelompok ikan, kelompok pertama ikan nila dan ikan mujair, kedua ikan ini kemiripan yang tinggi; kelompok kedua adalah ikan sepat siam dan ikan gurami, kelompok ketiga adalah ikan gabus yang memiliki kemiripan yang jauh dengan kedua kelompok ikan sebelumnya.Kata kunci: Morfometrik, Nila, mujair, sepat siam, gurami, gabus, Pulau Weh
Morfometri Danau Kelapa Gading Kota Kisaran, Kabupaten Asahan Provinsi Sumatera Utara
Authors: Ridoan Rizki , Muhtadi Ahmad , Patana Pindi 
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Kelapa Gading Lake is an artificial lake located in Asahan of North Sumatera. Data on the lake morphometry is needed to determin the level of water fertility, and to know ability of lake in accepting the pollutant load. The purpose of the study was to examine aspects of the lake morphometry. The research was conducted from February to April 2016. Data collected in this research were depth, water flow, the width of the lake and around the lake. The data were processed using ArcMap. The result showed that Kelapa Gading Lake has an area approximately 11931.37 m2, with the maximum length of 161.14 m, a the maximum width of 124.72 m, and the circumference of 688.50 m. The maximum depth of 2.15 m, with the shape of the lake bottom is flat. The water volume is approximately 15033.52 m3, and the water discharge of about 0.74 to 0.92 L s-1, with a stay of lake water ± 225-226 days, the brightness of the water ranges from 0.37 to 0.48 m with the compensation depth of about 0.98 to 1.07 m, and Kelapa Gading Lake has low stability.Keywords: ArcMap, bathymetric, compensation depth, lake, morphometry Abstrak. Danau Kelapa Gading merupakan danau buatan yang berada di Kabupaten Asahan, Sumatera Utara. Data mengenai morfometri danau sangat diperlukan untuk menentukan tingkat kesuburan perairan dan juga mengetahui seberapa besar kemampuan danau dalam menerima beban pencemar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui aspek morfometri danau Kelapa Gading. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari Februari-April 2016. Pengambilan data yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah data kedalaman, debit air, lebar danau, dan keliling danau. Data-data tersebut diolah dengan menggunakan ArcMap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Danau Kelapa Gading memiliki luas sekitar 11.931,37 m2, dengan panjang maksimum 161,14 m, lebar maksimum 124,72 m, keliling 688,50 m. Kedalaman maksimum 2,15 m, dengan bentuk dasar danau rata. Volume Danau Kelapa Gading adalah 15.033,52 m3, debit air sekitar 0,74-0,92 L/s, dengan masa tinggal air danau ±225-226 hari, kecerahan air berkisar 0,37-0,48 m dengan kedalaman kompensasi sekitar 0,98-1,15 m, dan Danau Kelapa Gading memiliki stabilitas yang rendah dan akan mudah mengalami pengadukan.Kata kunci: ArcMap, batimetri, danau, kedalaman kompensasi, morfometri
Suicídio: uma análise da última comunicação
Authors: Araújo Gemailson Nogueira de , Oliveira Gislene Farias de 
Published: September 2016

Este artigo, discute o suicídio como a ultima escolha do ser humano e, como uma última comunicação, trata de uma análise deste fenômeno no contexto da filosofia e da psicologia na visão de Freud. Mas busca-se, sobretudo, entender os motivos que levam a um individuo a suicidar-se relacionando o suicídio ao processo psicossocial. Assim, diante da hipótese podemos perceber que é um problema atual e pouco estudado na região do Cariri. Trata-se de um estudo bibliográfico como método de interpretação do fenômeno. O objetivo é conhecer a mensagem, na qual o corpo deixa de ser fundamental ao indivíduo. Tanto essa discussão quanto o processo psicossocial humano serão abordados também principalmente, através da visão psicanalítica de Cassorla, 2003.
REPRESENTASI IDEOLOGI DAN KEKUASAAN DALAM BAHASA: KAJIAN TEKS MEDIA
Authors: Suharyo Suharyo , Surono Surono , Amin Mujid F 
Published: September 2016

This article is based on the assumption that language is not in a social vacuum. Language is more than a set of words that merely linguistic, but also social. Therefore, the current linguistic research should take into account the social dimension in the analysis are critical, such as van Dijk’s critical discourse analysis (CDA) research model. The critical discourse analysis research considering the text, context, social cognition, and analysis/social context. Research steps include: exposing the macro structure (thematic), superstructure (schematic), and microstructure consisting of semantics, syntax, stylistic, and rhetoric. Accordingly, this study uses the method read and record while research data has been collected from Suara Merdeka and Kompas newspaper. Finally concluded that the language represents the ideology and power (symbolic) both individual and communal.
Synthesis and Antidepressant activity of pyrazoline based MAO-inhibitors
Authors: Badavath Vishnu Nayak , Kumar Alok , Jadav Surender Singh , Pattnaik Ashok Kumar , Jayaprakash Venkatesan , Sinha Barij Nayan 
Published: September 2016

A series of nine 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-aryl-N-phenyl-4,5-dihydropyrazole-1-carbothioamide derivative s (3a-3i) that were earlier reported as potent rMAO-A inhibitors were evaluated for their antidepressant activity in Porsolt's behavioral despair test (forced swim test) and Tail Suspension test activity, among them, compounds (3eÂ andÂ 3h) were found to have potent antidepressant activity. Reduction in duration of immobility was significant for all the compounds in Porsolts swim test compared with tail suspension test. 3h was further evaluated for anxiolytic activity in Elevated plus maze and was found to be devoid of it.
Static Method to Determine Compaction Characteristics of Fine-Grained Soils
Authors: Sharma B. , Sridharan A. , Talukdar P. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Engineering projects such as roads, earthen dams, embankments, and trench backfills require soil compacted at higher dry unit weight. In a majority of geotechnical projects, compaction of soils is involved with increasing strength and decreasing compressibility and permeability. The Proctor compaction test forms one of the most popular and important tests in geotechnical engineering practice. The moisture content-dry unit weight relationship of the soil obtained from the standard Proctor test forms the basis for specification and field compaction control. Standard Proctor test, also known as the dynamic compaction test requires considerable time and effort and has few imperfections. This study examined the possibility of determining the equivalent static pressure to the standard Proctor test to obtain the optimum moisture content, OMC, and maximum dry unit weight, of fine-grained soils. For this, a static compaction pressure test was devised in the Proctor mold itself to statically compact the soil at different water contents. The equivalent static pressure so determined will simplify the compaction procedure and will also result in considerable saving of time, money, and effort, especially so when dealing with highway and earth embankment projects.
Closure to “Discussion of ‘Measurement of Stiffness Anisotropy in Kaolinite Using Bender Element Tests in a Floating Wall Consolidometer’ by X. Kang, G.-C. Kang, and B. Bate” by Coffman, Salazar and Zhao
Authors: Kang X. , Kang G.-C. , Bate B. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The authors appreciate the interest of the discussers in this paper. The main arguments of the discussers were: (1) comparing the back-pressure saturated, constant-rate-of-strain consolidation device that incorporated bender elements (BP-CRS-BE device) developed by the discussers to the floating wall consolidometer based bender element testing system in the original paper (Kang, X., Kang, G.-C., and Bate, B., 2014, “Shear Wave Velocity Anisotropy of Kaolinite Using a Floating Wall Consolidometer-Type Bender Element Testing System,” Geotech. Test. J., Vol. 37, No. 5, pp. 869–883. [DOI: 10.1520/GTJ20120205]); (2) requesting the quantification of both the system lag and the machine deflection; (3) suggesting the authors use cross correlation method to determine the first arrival time because Vs values obtained by time domain method are “only approximate,” while the latter was the only method used by the discussers in their referenced work (Salazar, S. E. and Coffman, R. A., 2014, “Design and Fabrication of End Platens for Acquisition of Small-Strain Piezoelectric Measurements during Large-Strain Triaxial Extension and Triaxial Compression Testing,” Geotech. Test. J., Vol. 43, No. 2. pp. 1–11. [DOI: 10.1520/GTJ20140057]); and (4) making misleading arguments regarding the compression and shear waves measurements. In this closure, the authors first briefly compared the BP-CRS-BE device to the floating wall consolidometer based bender element testing system, and pointed out that (1) the well-documented wavelength ratio (Rd ratio) consideration in designing a bender element device and the seemingly unsatisfaction of such consideration in the BP-CRS-BE device, and that (2) both the lack of details in B-value checking to examine saturation and the lack of shear wave velocity resulted from the BP-CRS-BE device to substantiate the arguments of the discussers. Then the authors provided the requested quantifications of both system lag and machine deflection to address some postulations by the discussers. The authors disagreed with Arguments 3 and 4 made by the discussers, and respond accordingly.
Comparative Impact Behavior of High-C Steel After Conventional Quenching, Tempering, and Austempering
Authors: Vatavuk J. , Totten G. E. , Nucci J. E. , Albano L. L. M. , Canale L. d. C. F. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Usually bainitic microstructures exhibit good toughness and austempering is typically the preferred heat treatment when toughness is the primary requirement of the component. Several reports have shown such characteristics when compared to tempered martensite. High-carbon steel may exhibit brittle characteristics but it is a good steel with respect to mechanical properties and wear resistance. The objective of this study was to compare the impact properties of AISI O1, a high-carbon tool steel, designated VND in Brazil. This was done by comparing Charpy impact strength under different heat-treatment cycles. Steel test specimens were quenched from 820°C and tempered at 450°C to obtain tempered martensite, then austenitized, cooled, and held at 350°C to obtain bainite by holding at temperature for 20, 40, and 60 min. Because hardness influences impact behavior, comparative studies were performed at the same surface hardness level. The austempered samples with bainite microstructures obtained at a constant temperature and, by varying holding times, exhibited lower impact properties as compared to the quenched and tempered condition.
Structure and Properties of Duplex Layers Composed of Chromium and Titanium Carbides
Authors: Kasprzycka E. , Tacikowski J. , Bogdanski B. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The structures and properties of the CrC-TiC type duplex layers with an intermediate chromium carbide sublayer and an outer one of titanium carbide, as well as of the TiC-CrC type layers with an intermediate titanium carbide sublayer and an outer one of chromium carbide, produced on steels, were investigated. The structure of the duplex layers produced on plain carbon and alloy steel was compared with the single layers. The microstructure and chemical composition of these layers was determined by means of optical and transmission electron microscopy and X-ray phase analysis. A spectral linear analysis of the Cr, Fe, and Ti concentration in the diffusion zone was performed by means of an X-ray microanalyzer. Proof was presented that the thickness of the outer TiC layer depends on the thickness of the intermediate chromium carbide sublayer. This sublayer slows down the formation of the outer TiC layer. The structure of the chromium carbide sublayer undergoes changes during the process formation of the titanium carbide layer. The hardness and tribological properties of the layers have been determined. A comparison of CrC-TiC and TiC-CrC duplex layers with the CrC and TiC single carbide layers was performed. It was shown that the tribological properties of the CrC-TiC duplex layers are better than those of the TiC-CrC duplex layers, and those of the CrC and TiC type single carbide layers.
Hotel Finca Campestre Rosa Blanca: Ejemplo de responsabilidad social empresarial en Costa Rica
Authors: Vasconcelos Vásquez Kattia Lizzett , Marín Gutiérre Claudia 
Published: September 2016

Este artículo trata la relación entre la Certificación de Sostenibilidad Turistica (CST) en Costa Rica, el cual ha implantado un sistema de gestión basado en el estándar CST y la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE). La valoraciónpermitirá encontrar diferencias o similitudes entre la CST y la RSE, con el fin de ver cómo estas favorecen la gestión empresarial y la sostenibilidad, poniendo de manifiesto los principales cambios organizativos que se deben implementar en la institución o empresa, para lograr un resultado eficaz y un mejor servicio al cliente.
La participación de Costa Rica en el marco del Sistema Multilateral de Comercio
Authors: Monge Ureña Deyda María , Valverde Chaves Jeannette 
Published: September 2016

Costa Rica ha sido un baluarte en comercio exterior, siempre presente en la Ronda de Uruguay, en el Acuerdo General sobre Aranceles y Comercio (GATT) y firmante de la Organización Mundial del Comercio (OMC).El artículo describe el proceso de adhesión de Costa Rica al sistema multilateral de comercio, desde la negociación y adhesión al Acuerdo General Aranceles y Comercio (GATT) hasta su ingreso como miembro fundador a la Organización Mundial del Comercio (OMC) y la participación que ha tenido el país en este importante foro de comercio mundial.
Prospective Study on the Intraoperative Blood Loss in Patients with Cleft Palate Undergoing Furlow's Double Opposing Z-Palatoplasty
Authors: Kim Byung Jun , Choi Tae Hyun , Kim Sukwha 
Published: September 2016

Background: Blood loss during cleft palate surgery has been investigated in previous research, but there is no report regarding blood loss when performing Furlow's double opposing Z-plasty (DOZ). In the present study, we evaluated intraoperative blood loss in patients with cleft palate who underwent the DOZ procedure. Materials and Methods: Intraoperative blood loss was prospectively investigated in 59 patients undergoing palatoplasty with DOZ by a single surgeon between August 2012 and July 2013. Demographic factors and clinical status, including cleft type and palatal gap, were recorded. Blood loss was evaluated by measuring the change in weight of a suction bottle, suction line, and gauze balls. Results: Mean blood loss was 16.61 ± 10.33 mL, which accounted for 5% of total blood volume. Male sex, older age, severe cleft type, larger palatal gap, relaxed incision, and increased operative time contributed to greater blood loss. The amount of intraoperative bleeding could be predicted by the following equation: Blood loss = -5.64 + 6.18 (male patients) + 7.58 (severe type cleft) + 0.88 X age (months) + 0.84 X palatal gap (mm). Conclusions: We found that the DOZ technique causes mild blood loss, but bleeding amount tended to increase in older male patients with a severe cleft and a larger palatal gap. The use of relaxed incisions during palatoplasty and prolonged operation times also contributed to greater blood loss.