bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, Diabetes, and Risk of Liver Cancer for U.S. Adults
Authors: Campbell Peter T. , Newton Christina C. , Freedman Neal D. , Koshiol Jill , Alavanja Michael C. , Beane Freeman Laura E. , Buring Julie E. , Chan Andrew T. , Chong Dawn Q. , Datta Mridul , Gaudet Mia M. , Gaziano J. Michael , Giovannucci Edward L. , Graubard Barry I. , Hollenbeck Albert R. , King Lindsey , Lee I.-Min , Linet Martha S. , Palmer Julie R. , Petrick Jessica L. , Poynter Jenny N. , Purdue Mark P. , Robien Kim , Rosenberg Lynn , Sahasrabuddhe Vikrant V. , Schairer Catherine , Sesso Howard D. , Sigurdson Alice J. , Stevens Victoria L. , Wactawski-Wende Jean , Zeleniuch-Jacquotte Anne , Renehan Andrew G. , McGlynn Katherine A. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Incidence rates for liver cancer have increased 3-fold since the mid-1970s in the United States in parallel with increasing trends for obesity and type II diabetes mellitus. We conducted an analysis of baseline body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and type II diabetes mellitus with risk of liver cancer. The Liver Cancer Pooling Project maintains harmonized data from 1.57 million adults enrolled in 14 U.S.-based prospective studies. Cox regression estimated HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for age, sex, study center, alcohol, smoking, race, and BMI (for WC and type II diabetes mellitus). Stratified analyses assessed whether the BMI–liver cancer associations differed by hepatitis sera-positivity in nested analyses for a subset of cases (n = 220) and controls (n = 547). After enrollment, 2,162 incident liver cancer diagnoses were identified. BMI, per 5 kg/m2, was associated with higher risks of liver cancer, more so for men (HR = 1.38; 95% CI, 1.30–1.46) than women (HR = 1.25; 95% CI, 1.17–1.35; Pinteraction = 0.02). WC, per 5 cm, was associated with higher risks of liver cancer, approximately equally by sex (overall, HR = 1.08; 95% CI, 1.04–1.13). Type II diabetes mellitus was associated with higher risk of liver cancer (HR = 2.61; 95% CI, 2.34–2.91). In stratified analyses, there was a null association between BMI and liver cancer risk for participants who were sera-positive for hepatitis. This study suggests that high BMI, high WC, and type II diabetes mellitus are associated with higher risks of liver cancer and that the association may differ by status of viral hepatitis infection. Cancer Res; 76(20); 6076–83. ©2016 AACR.
Progress in Endocrine Neoplasia
Authors: Wells Samuel A. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Most endocrine tumors are benign, and afflicted patients usually seek medical advice because of symptoms caused by too much, or too little, native hormone secretion or the impingement of their tumor on a vital structure. Malignant endocrine tumors represent a more serious problem, and patient cure often depends on early diagnosis and treatment. The recent development of novel molecular therapeutics holds great promise for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic endocrine cancer. In this CCR Focus, expert clinical investigators describe the molecular characteristics of various endocrine tumors and discuss the current status of diagnosis and treatment. Clin Cancer Res; 22(20); 4981–8. ©2016 AACR.
See all articles in this CCR Focus section, “Endocrine Cancers: Revising Paradigms.”
Transitions in Metabolic Risk and Long‐Term Cardiovascular Health: Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study
Authors: Murthy Venkatesh L. , Abbasi Siddique A. , Siddique Juned , Colangelo Laura A. , Reis Jared , Venkatesh Bharath A. , Carr J. Jeffrey , Terry James G. , Camhi Sarah M. , Jerosch‐Herold Michael , de Ferranti Sarah , Das Saumya , Freedman Jane , Carnethon Mercedes R. , Lewis Cora E. , Lima Joao A. C. , Shah Ravi V. 
Published: October 2016

Background
Despite evidence suggesting that early metabolic dysfunction impacts cardiovascular disease risk, current guidelines focus on risk assessments later in life, missing early transitions in metabolic risk that may represent opportunities for averting the development of cardiovascular disease.

Methods and Results
In 4420 young adults in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, we defined a “metabolic” risk score based on components of the Third Report of the Adult Treatment Panel's definition of metabolic syndrome. Using latent class trajectory analysis adjusted for sex, race, and time‐dependent body mass index, we identified 6 distinct metabolic trajectories over time, specified by initial and final risk: low‐stable, low‐worsening, high‐stable, intermediate‐worsening, intermediate‐stable, and high‐worsening. Overall, individuals gained weight over time in CARDIA with statistically but not clinically different body mass index trend over time. Dysglycemia and dyslipidemia over time were highest in initially high or worsening trajectory groups. Divergence in metabolic trajectories occurred in early adulthood (before age 40), with 2 of 3 individuals experiencing an increase in metabolic risk over time. Membership in a higher‐risk trajectory (defined as initially high or worsening over time) was associated with greater prevalence and extent of coronary artery calcification, left ventricular mass, and decreased left ventricular strain at year 25. Importantly, despite similar rise in body mass index across trajectories over 25 years, coronary artery calcification and left ventricular structure and function more closely tracked risk factor trajectories.

Conclusions
Transitions in metabolic risk occur early in life. Obesity‐related metabolic dysfunction is related to subclinical cardiovascular phenotypes independent of evolution in body mass index, including coronary artery calcification and myocardial hypertrophy and dysfunction.
First Year After Stroke
Authors: Graven Christine , Brock Kim , Hill Keith D. , Cotton Sue , Joubert Lynette 
Published: October 2016

Background and Purpose—
Depression is a common issue after stroke. A focus on assisting people to achieve their personal participation goals may reduce levels of depression. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a person-centered, integrated approach on facilitating goal achievement in the first year poststroke on depressive symptoms.

Methods—
This study was a randomized controlled trial that addressed ways to enhance participation in patient-valued activities and intermittently screen for adverse sequelae postdischarge from rehabilitation. Collaborative goal setting was undertaken in both groups at discharge from inpatient rehabilitation. The control group received standard management as determined by the treating team. In addition, the intervention group received a multimodal approach, including telephone contacts, screening for adverse sequelae, written information, home visits, review of goal achievement, and further referral to relevant health services. The main outcome measure was depressed mood, measured by the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale.

Results—

One hundred ten participants were recruited. No group differences were identified at baseline on any demographic and clinical variables. Using multiple linear regression analysis, there was a significant difference between the 2 groups with respect to the severity of depressive symptoms at 12 months poststroke (
R
2
=0.366;
F
(6, 89)=8.57;
P
<0.005), with the intervention group recording lower depressive scores.

Conclusions—
This model of community-based rehabilitation proved effective in reducing poststroke depressive symptoms. An integrated approach using pursuit of patient-identified activities should form part of routine poststroke management.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.anzctr.org.au
. Unique identifier: ACTRN12608000042347.
Soil Moisture Drought Monitoring and Forecasting Using Satellite and Climate Model Data over Southwestern China
Authors: Zhang Xuejun , Tang Qiuhong , Liu Xingcai , Leng Guoyong , Li Zhe 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In this paper, an experimental soil moisture drought monitoring and seasonal forecasting framework based on the Variable Infiltration Capacity model (VIC) over southwestern China (SW) is presented. Satellite precipitation data are used to force VIC for a near-real-time estimate of land surface hydrologic conditions. Initialized with satellite-aided monitoring (MONIT), the climate model (CFSv2)-based forecast (MONIT+CFSv2) and ensemble streamflow prediction (ESP)-based forecast (MONIT+ESP) are both performed. One dry season drought and one wet season drought are employed to test the ability of this framework in terms of real-time tracking and predicting the evolution of soil moisture (SM) drought, respectively. The results show that the skillful CFSv2 climate forecasts (CFs) are only found at the first month. The satellite-aided monitoring is able to provide a reasonable estimate of forecast initial conditions (ICs) in real-time mode. In the presented cases, MONIT+CFSv2 forecast exhibits comparable performance against the observation-based estimates for the first month, whereas the predictive skill largely drops beyond 1 month. Compared to MONIT+ESP, MONIT+CFSv2 ensembles give more skillful SM drought forecast during the dry season, as indicated by a smaller ensemble range, while the added value of MONIT+CFSv2 is marginal during the wet season. A quantitative attribution analysis of SM forecast uncertainty demonstrates that SM forecast skill is mostly controlled by ICs at the first month and that uncertainties in CFs have the largest contribution to SM forecast errors at longer lead times. This study highlights a value of this framework in generating near-real-time ICs and providing a reliable SM drought prediction with 1 month ahead, which may greatly benefit drought diagnosis, assessment, and early warning.
The Effect of Age and History of Recurrent Otitis Media on Dichotic Listening and Verbal Memory in Children
Authors: Jafari Zahra , Malayeri Saeed , Bahramian Elahe 
Published: October 2016

Objectives: To explore the possible effects of recurrent otitis media (ROM) in early childhood on binaural processing and verbal memory in school-aged children. Methods: Two hundred eleven children, including 31 children with and 180 children without a history of ROM, were examined. A dichotic digit test (DDT) and a forward and backward digit memory span test (DMST) were administered. Results: A significant difference was observed between age groups among ROM-free children. The ROM-positive group earned significantly poorer results than the ROM-free group in all measurements, except for the right DDT (rDDT) score. Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between the DDT and EA scores with both DMST scores in the ROM-free group. The correlation between the rDDT and forward DMST scores was not significant in the ROM-positive group, and no significant correlation was observed between the EA score and either DMST score. Conclusions: Our findings support that a history of OM in early childhood based on a parental survey of children is associated with differences in DDT and DMST outcomes.
Development of a potential screening measure for adolescent depression
Authors: Taouk Mona , Meiser Bettina , Hadzi-Pavlovic Dusan , Dudley Michael , Mitchell Philip B 
Published: October 2016

Objectives: Few adolescent-specific depression screening instruments have been developed in recent years using multi-method approaches (qualitative and quantitative), and some of those available have limitations with an adolescent audience. We describe the development of a potential measure – the Taouk Scale for Adolescent Depression. Methods: Draft items were informed by findings from focus groups and reviews by adolescents and healthcare professionals, resulting in a provisional 97-item scale. This was administered to a nation-wide sample of 3087 secondary students. Exploratory factor analysis was used in a development subset to examine dimensionality of items and reduce their number, with the final item set evaluated in a validation subset. Results: Four reliable factors – negative outlook, emotional distress, behavioural changes and cognitive and somatic disturbances – were obtained from the exploratory factor analysis, resulting in a 28-item instrument, which was corroborated by confirmatory factor analysis. The final scale includes a number of novel items not included in current measures, i.e., whether respondents wear more black clothing than usual, deliberately damage property, take more risks, ‘space out’ at school and are engaged in substance abuse and/or increased sexual activity. Conclusion: The Taouk Scale for Adolescent Depression demonstrated sound psychometric properties and may have utility for future screening and future epidemiological purposes. It appears to be a valid and reliable screening instrument for adolescent depression that includes a number of novel items. Further research is necessary to confirm its criterion validity in clinically depressed samples.
APMJ – Chronicling 25 years of migration in Asia and the Pacific
Authors: Huguet Jerrold W 
Published: October 2016

When the Asian and Pacific Migration Journal was launched in 1992, it was the only journal in the region devoted exclusively to the study of migration. At that time, temporary labor migration from and within the region was already significant and it has continued to grow in volume, and national migration policies have evolved to cope with it. International migration has also received increasing attention from the United Nations and several targets of the Sustainable Development Goals explicitly refer to it. APMJ has chronicled most of these changes and emphasized such themes as migration and macro-level development, the human rights of migrants, women in migration, the social impacts of migration, national policy-making, multiculturalism and transnationalism. As migration research has been strengthened in universities and institutes within Asia, coverage by countries has shifted from articles about the region as a whole and Australia to a preponderance of articles concerning East Asia, especially China, Japan and the Republic of Korea, and a similar shift has been observed in the origin of the lead authors. Because the Journal largely reflects the research being conducted in Asia and the Pacific, gaps in coverage relate to migration from South Asia and to the Middle East, the Central Asian migration system, forced migration, the role of private recruitment agencies and methodological approaches to migration research.
Review Article: International Political Theory Today
Authors: Brown Chris 
Published: October 2016

The four books under review offer very different takes on the nature of International Political Theory, but still display certain, cross-cutting, similarities. The books under review are: Jack L. Amoureux, A Practice of Ethics for Global Politics: Ethical Reflexivity (London: Routledge, 2016, 268pp. £90). Michael W. Doyle, The Question of Intervention: John Stuart Mill & the Responsibility to Protect (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2015, 272pp. £58.99). Renée Jeffery, Reason and Emotion in International Ethics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014, 252pp. £69.99). Michael Walzer, The Paradox of Liberation: Secular Revolutions and Religious Counterrevolutions (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2015, 172pp. £16.99).
Hemin, a heme oxygenase-1 inducer, restores the attenuated cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning in isolated diabetic rat heart
Authors: Gupta I , Goyal A , Singh NK , Yadav HN , Sharma PL 
Published: October 2016

Background: Attenuated cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) by reduced nitric oxide (NO) is a hallmark during diabetes mellitus (DM). Recently, we reported that the formation of caveolin–endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) complex decreases the release of NO, which is responsible for attenuation of IPC-induced cardioprotection in DM rat heart. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) facilitates release of NO by disrupting caveolin–eNOS complex. The activity of HO-1 is decreased during DM. This study was designed to investigate the role of hemin (HO-1 inducer) in attenuated cardioprotective effect of IPC in isolated diabetic rat heart. Methods: DM was induced in male Wistar rat by single dose of streptozotocin. Cardioprotective effect was assessed in terms of myocardial infarct size and release of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase in coronary effluent. The release of NO was estimated indirectly by measuring the release of nitrite in coronary effluent. Perfusion of sodium nitrite, a precursor of NO, was used as a positive control. Result: IPC-induced cardioprotection and increased release of nitrite were significantly attenuated in a diabetic rat as compared to a normal rat. Pretreatment with hemin and daidzein, a caveolin inhibitor, alone or in combination significantly restored the attenuated cardioprotection and increased the release of nitrite in diabetic rat heart. Zinc protoporphyrin, a HO-1 inhibitor, significantly abolished the observed cardioprotection and decreased the release of nitrite in hemin pretreated DM rat heart. Conclusion: Thus, it is suggested that hemin restores the attenuated cardioprotective effect in diabetic rat heart by increasing the activity of HO-1 and subsequently release of NO.
Age and disability drive cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis across disease subtypes
Authors: Ruano Luis , Portaccio Emilio , Goretti Benedetta , Niccolai Claudia , Severo Milton , Patti Francesco , Cilia Sabina , Gallo Paolo , Grossi Paola , Ghezzi Angelo , Roscio Marco , Mattioli Flavia , Stampatori Chiara , Trojano Maria , Viterbo Rosa Gemma , Amato Maria Pia 
Published: October 2016

Background: There is limited and inconsistent information on the clinical determinants of cognitive impairment (CI) in multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence and profile of CI across MS disease subtypes and assess its clinical determinants. Methods: Cognitive performance was assessed through the Brief Repeatable Battery and the Stroop test in consecutive patients with MS referred to six Italian centers. CI was defined as impairment in ⩾ 2 cognitive domains. Results: A total of 1040 patients were included, 167 with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), 759 with relapsing remitting (RR), 74 with secondary progressive (SP), and 40 with primary progressive (PP) disease course. The overall prevalence of CI was 46.3%; 34.5% in CIS, 44.5% in RR, 79.4% in SP, and 91.3% in PP. The severity of impairment and the number of involved domains were significantly higher in SP and primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) than in CIS and RR. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, the presence of CI was significantly associated with higher Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and older age. Conclusion: CI is present in all MS subtypes since the clinical onset and its frequency is increased in the progressive forms, but these differences seem to be more associated with patient age and physical disability than to disease subtype per se.
Quantification of systemic renin-angiotensin system peptides of hypertensive black and white African men established from the RAS-Fingerprint®
Authors: van Rooyen JM , Poglitsch M , Huisman HW , Mels CMC , Kruger R , Malan L , Botha S , Lammertyn L , Gafane L , Schutte AE 
Published: October 2016

Objective: The objective of this study was to make use of a quantitative and qualitative approach comparing the systemic renin-angiotensin system (RAS) of hypertensive black and white African men by using RAS equilibrium analysis. Materials and methods: This sub-study involved 23 black ( n = 15) and white ( n = 8) hypertensive men aged 39.5–41 years, living in the North West Province of South Africa. The RAS-Fingerprinting was determined with LC-MS/MS quantification of angiotensin peptides. Blood pressure and other variables were determined with known methods. Results: The main finding of this study was the significant lower Ang I (<5.0 and 45.1 pg/ml; p = 0.005) and Ang II (15.6 and 123.9 pg/ml; p ⩽ 0.001) encountered in the hypertensive black African men compared to their white counterparts. Levels of Ang 1-5 (downstream metabolite of Ang 1-7) (1.8 and 3.0 pg/ml), were detected in black and white hypertensive men, respectively. Conclusions: The observed differences between circulating RAS components, which are reflected via equilibrium angiotensin levels, point to a distinctive molecular regulation of the RAAS in the two study cohorts. The increased peripheral resistance observed in hypertensive black individuals might take over a dominant role in control of blood pressure in this study population. A novel highly sensitive LC-MS/MS method resolved the issue of peptide recovery variations during sample preparation by using internal standards for each individual angiotensin metabolite.
Endovascular reconstruction of internal carotid artery dissection in patients with acute ischemic stroke using the Wingspan stent
Authors: Murias Quintana Eduardo , Vega Valdés Pedro , Morales Deza Edison , Gil Garcia Alberto , Cuellar Saenz Hugo , Salgado Bernal Alba L , Cadenas Rodríguez María , Benavente Fernández Lorena , Delgado Montserrat González , Riesco Pérez Nuria , Larrosa Campo Davinia , Calleja Puerta Sergio 
Published: October 2016

Objective The purpose of this study is to demonstrate our experience in endovascular reconstruction of carotid dissections using the Wingspan Stent System™ (Boston Scientific, Natick, MA, USA), a device we use because of its high radial force and its navigation in extreme curves. Methods We treated 11 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke due to carotid dissection with the Wingspan stent, in the cervical carotid artery. Results Functional evaluation revealed that 10 of the 11 patients were independent at 3 months post surgery and that the 11 stents used were found to be patent at the 6-month follow-up digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Conclusions The Wingspan stent is an alternative to classic carotid stents and flow diverters for the treatment of cervical internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection associated with ectasias or large loops. The device remains patent over the long term and it is not associated with arterial wall complications.
Physicians’ loyalty to branded medicines in low-middle-income countries: A structural equation modeling
Authors: Mehralian Gholamhossein , Sharif Zahra , Yousefi Nazila , Akhgari Mahdi 
Published: October 2016

Objective As gatekeepers in health continuum, physicians play a pivotal role in persuading patients to consume a specific medicine, and their prescription behavior has a great effect on both healthcare costs and pharmaceutical markets. Taking the important role of physicians in healthcare system into account, in this study we have tried to empirically prioritize those factors that affect physicians’ loyalty behavior in prescribing branded medicines. Methods This research is grounded on a survey through which 437 specialist physicians were randomly invited to fill out the questionnaire of the survey. Structural Equation Modeling was performed to evaluate the research model and to test the research hypotheses. In addition to demographic section, six measures were used to evaluate the prescription behavior of physicians in terms of loyalty. Key findings The results revealed that there are some factors influencing physicians’ loyalty to branded medicines, among which professional influence is perceived to be the most important factor as compared with others. In contrast, the results rejected this hypothesis that promotional tools such as tangible rewards have a significant effect on physicians’ loyalty behavior. Conclusions The results contribute to the pharmaceutical companies endeavoring to develop fair, ethical, and effective marketing strategies to increase physicians’ loyalty to their products. Furthermore, by comparing the results of similar studies, this research has shed light on this fact that influencing factors on brand loyalty may be different across countries over the world.