bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing a comportment and communication tool for use in hospital medicine
Authors: Kotwal Susrutha , Khaliq Waseem , Landis Regina , Wright Scott 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUNDAn exceptional experience in a hospital is largely influenced by the quality and performance of the hospitalist physician. We set out to establish a metric that would comprehensively assess hospitalists' comportment and communication to establish norms and expectations.METHODSThe chiefs of hospital medicine divisions at 5 hospitals were asked to identify their “most clinically excellent” hospitalists. An investigator observed each hospitalist during a routine clinical shift and recorded behaviors believed to be associated with excellent comportment and communication using the hospital medicine comportment and communication tool (HMCCOT). Content, internal structure, and relation to other variables validity evidence were established. Analysis of the data for every single patient encounter allowed for the iterative revision of the HMCCOT and the calculation of scores. The mean HMCCOT score of each provider was compared to their Press Ganey (PG) scores.RESULTSThe mean age of the 26 participating physicians was 38 years, 13 (50%) were female, and 16 (62%) were of nonwhite race. The mean HMCCOT score was 61 (interquartile range = 37–80). HMCCOT score and PG were moderately correlated (adjusted Pearson correlation = 0.45, P = 0.047).CONCLUSIONSThis study represents a first step to specifically characterize comportment and communication in hospital medicine. Because hospitalists spend only a small proportion of their clinical time in direct patient care, it is imperative that excellent comportment and communication be established as a goal for every encounter. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;11:853–858. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
Post‐embryonic development of canal and superficial neuromasts and the generation of two cranial lateral line phenotypes
Authors: Becker Emily A. , Bird Nathan C. , Webb Jacqueline F. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThe relatively simple structural organization of the cranial lateral line system of bony fishes provides a valuable context in which to explore the ways in which variation in post‐embryonic development results in functionally distinct phenotypes, thus providing a link between development, evolution, and behavior. Vital fluorescent staining, histology, and scanning electron microscopy were used to describe the distribution, morphology, and ontogeny of the canal and superficial neuromasts on the head of two Lake Malawi cichlids with contrasting lateral line canal phenotypes (Tramitichromis sp. [narrow‐simple, well‐ossified canals with small pores] and Aulonocara stuartgranti [widened, more weakly ossified canals with large pores]). This work showed that: 1) the patterning (number, distribution) of canal neuromasts, and the process of canal morphogenesis typical of bony fishes was the same in the two species, 2) two sub‐populations of neuromasts (presumptive canal neuromasts and superficial neuromasts) are already distinguishable in small larvae and demonstrate distinctive ontogenetic trajectories in both species, 3) canal neuromasts differ with respect to ontogenetic trends in size and proportions between canals and between species, 4) the size, shape, configuration, physiological orientation, and overall rate of proliferation varies among the nine series of superficial neuromasts, which are found in both species, and 5) in Aulonocara, in particular, a consistent number of canal neuromasts accompanied by variability in the formation of canal pores during canal morphogenesis demonstrates independence of early and late phases of lateral line development. This work provides a new perspective on the contributions of post‐embryonic phases of lateral line development and to the generation of distinct phenotypes in the lateral line system of bony fishes. J. Morphol. 277:1273–1291, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A three‐dimensional morphometric analysis of upper forelimb morphology in the enigmatic tapir (Perissodactyla: Tapirus) hints at subtle variations in locomotor ecology
Authors: MacLaren Jamie A. , Nauwelaerts Sandra 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTForelimb morphology is an indicator for terrestrial locomotor ecology. The limb morphology of the enigmatic tapir (Perissodactyla: Tapirus) has often been compared to that of basal perissodactyls, despite the lack of quantitative studies comparing forelimb variation in modern tapirs. Here, we present a quantitative assessment of tapir upper forelimb osteology using three‐dimensional geometric morphometrics to test whether the four modern tapir species are monomorphic in their forelimb skeleton. The shape of the upper forelimb bones across four species (T. indicus; T. bairdii; T. terrestris; T. pinchaque) was investigated. Bones were laser scanned to capture surface morphology and 3D landmark analysis was used to quantify shape. Discriminant function analyses were performed to reveal features which could be used for interspecific discrimination. Overall our results show that the appendicular skeleton contains notable interspecific differences. We demonstrate that upper forelimb bones can be used to discriminate between species (>91% accuracy), with the scapula proving the most diagnostic bone (100% accuracy). Features that most successfully discriminate between the four species include the placement of the cranial angle of the scapula, depth of the humeral condyle, and the caudal deflection of the olecranon. Previous studies comparing the limbs of T. indicus and T. terrestris are corroborated by our quantitative findings. Moreover, the mountain tapir T. pinchaque consistently exhibited the greatest divergence in morphology from the other three species. Despite previous studies describing tapirs as functionally mediportal in their locomotor style, we find osteological evidence suggesting a spectrum of locomotor adaptations in the tapirs. We conclude that modern tapir forelimbs are neither monomorphic nor are tapirs as conserved in their locomotor habits as previously described. J. Morphol. 277:1469–1485, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impacts of small vestibular schwannoma on community ambulation, postural, and ocular control
Authors: Low Choy Nancy L. , Lucey Mary‐Therese M. , Lewandowski Susan L. , Panizza Benedict J. 
Published: August 2016

Objectives/HypothesisTo investigate balance, community mobility, gaze instability, and dizziness handicap and assess falls risk in people who are conservatively managed with small vestibular schwannoma (VS).Study DesignCross‐sectional study with controls.MethodsThe study involved 18 people (mean age 58.7 ± 12.2 years) diagnosed with VS (<12 mm) and 22 age‐matched controls (mean age 56.9 ± 8.0 years). Measures included standing on firm and foam surfaces with feet apart, then together with eyes open and closed, Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and dual TUG test, Dynamic Gait Index, 6‐Minute Walk Test, Halmagyi Impulse Test, Dynamic Visual Acuity Test, and the Dizziness Handicap Inventory.ResultsThe clinical group failed more trials standing feet together on foam with eyes closed (P < .05); had inferior mobility and walked more slowly with divided attention (P < .05); had more difficulty walking with head movement, negotiating obstacles, and using stairs (P < .01); and walked shorter distances (P < .001) than controls. Reduced gaze stability (P < .01) and higher total (P = .007) and subcategory dizziness handicap scores (P < .05) were revealed compared to age‐matched controls.ConclusionsAlthough outcomes for the clinical group are inferior to the control group across all measures and the dizziness impact is higher, the results fall in the low‐risk category for falls. Preliminary data (level 4 evidence) support using a suite of clinical measures to monitor people with VS during conservative management.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 127:1147–1152, 2017
Midcervical scar satisfaction in thyroidectomy patients
Authors: Best Amy R. , Shipchandler Taha Z. , Cordes Susan R. 
Published: August 2016

Objectives/HypothesisAssess long‐term patient satisfaction with conventional thyroidectomy scars and the impact of thyroidectomy scars on patient quality of life.Study DesignValidated survey administration and retrospective review of clinical and demographic data.MethodsPatients who underwent conventional thyroidectomy through years 2000 to 2010 were identified and administered the validated Patient Scar Assessment Questionnaire. Mean satisfaction, appearance and scar‐consciousness scores were determined. Thirty‐seven patients also measured the length of their current scar. Patient demographic and operative data were collected retrospectively from the medical record. Data were analyzed with one‐way analysis of variance and independent samples t testing.ResultsSixty of 69 patients perceived the appearance of their scar to be “good” or “excellent.” Sixty‐three patients (91.3%) were satisfied with all scar outcomes; 67 (97.1%) were satisfied with the overall appearance of their scar. Mean total satisfaction score was 17.3 (<26 indicates a high level of satisfaction). Fifty‐six (81.2%) were “not at all” self‐conscious of their scar; 65 (94.2%) reported no attempt to hide their scar. Seven patients (10.1%) indicated any likelihood of pursuing scar revision. Females had significantly higher total satisfaction scores, consciousness scores, and satisfaction with appearance scores. The effect of perceived scar length was significant for scar‐consciousness, not patient satisfaction.ConclusionsThe majority of patients were satisfied with their thyroidectomy scar appearance. Few patients reported a desire to hide the scar or pursue revision. Women were more likely to be dissatisfied than men. Length may play a role in scar consciousness.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 127:1247–1252, 2017
Nerve transfer for sensory reconstruction of C8‐T1 dermatomes in tetraplegia
Authors: Bertelli Jayme A. , Ghizoni Marcos F. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectivesAbsence of sensation in C8‐T1 dermatome is a common finding in midcervical spinal cord injury. The goal was to restore sensation on the C8‐T1 dermatomes by transferring sensory nerves with afferents on C5‐C6 roots.MethodsA mean 10 months post spinal cord injury, we operated on 10 upper limbs from 5 tetraplegics averaging 23 years old. Cutaneous branches of the median nerve were transferred to the palm to the ulnar proper digital nerve of the little finger. In two patients, the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve was also transferred to the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve.ResultsAt a mean 20 months after surgery, on the ulnar side of the hand and little finger, all patients were able to perceive 19.3 g Semmes–Weinstein monofilament pressure. Nociception was restored on the medial side of the elbow, forearm, and hand. Faulty location was a common finding, but not as a major complaint.ConclusionsSensory nerve transfers should be incorporated into the reconstruction of the upper limb in tetraplegics. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 36:637–641, 2016.
Phase‐updated regularized SENSE for navigator‐free multishot diffusion imaging
Authors: Hu Zhangxuan , Ma Xiaodong , Truong Trong‐Kha , Song Allen W. , Guo Hua 
Published: August 2016

PurposeEither SENSE+CG or POCS‐ICE methods can be used to correct for motion‐induced phase errors in navigator‐free multishot diffusion imaging. SENSE+CG has the advantage of a fast convergence, however, occasionally the convergence can be unstable, thus degrading the image quality. POCS‐ICE has a stable convergence and can be used with a high number of shots, but its convergence is slow, which limits its practical usage. The study here proposes an improved method based on both SENSE+CG and POCS‐ICE, called Phase‐updated Regularized SENSE (PR‐SENSE), for navigator‐free multishot diffusion imaging.Theory and MethodsIn PR‐SENSE, a total variation regularization method is used to solve the SENSE inverse problem instead of the conjugate gradient method used in SENSE+CG. This method is implemented by using a lagged diffusivity fixed point iteration algorithm. Additionally, the phase is updated during the iteration process to improve the image accuracy.ResultsSimulations and in vivo experiments demonstrated that PR‐SENSE can successfully correct for the motion‐induced phase errors in multi‐shot DWI. It integrates the advantages of SENSE+CG and POCS‐ICE, resulting in a fast and stable convergence with improved image quality.ConclusionGiven its advantages, PR‐SENSE is a significant improvement over other methods for navigator‐free high‐resolution DWI. Magn Reson Med 78:172–181, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Adiabatically prepared spin‐lock approach for T1ρ‐based dynamic glucose enhanced MRI at ultrahigh fields
Authors: Schuenke Patrick , Koehler Christina , Korzowski Andreas , Windschuh Johannes , Bachert Peter , Ladd Mark E. , Mundiyanapurath Sibu , Paech Daniel , Bickelhaupt Sebastian , Bonekamp David , Schlemmer Heinz‐Peter , Radbruch Alexander , Zaiss Moritz 
Published: August 2016

PurposeChemical exchange sensitive spin‐lock and related techniques allow to observe the uptake of administered D‐glucose in vivo. The exchange‐weighting increases with the magnetic field strength, but inhomogeneities in the radiofrequency (RF) field at ultrahigh field whole‐body scanners lead to artifacts in conventional spin‐lock experiments. Thus, our aim was the development of an adiabatically prepared T1ρ‐based imaging sequence applicable to studies of glucose metabolism in tumor patients at ultrahigh field strengths.MethodsAn adiabatically prepared on‐resonant spin‐lock approach was realized at a 7 Tesla whole‐body scanner and compared with conventional spin‐lock. The insensitivity to RF field inhomogeneities as well as the chemical exchange sensitivity of the approach was investigated in simulations, model solutions and in the human brain.ResultsThe suggested spin‐lock approach was shown to be feasible for in vivo application at ultrahigh field whole‐body scanners and showed substantially improved image quality compared with conventional spin‐lock. The sensitivity of the presented method to glucose was verified in model solutions and a glucose contrast was observed in a glioblastoma patient after intravenous administration of glucose solution.ConclusionAn adiabatically prepared spin‐lock preparation was presented that enables a homogeneous and chemical exchange sensitive T1ρ‐based imaging at ultra‐high field whole‐body scanners, e.g., for T1ρ‐based dynamic glucose enhanced MRI. Magn Reson Med 78:215–225, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
An exploration of the potential utility of fetal cardiovascular MRI as an adjunct to fetal echocardiography
Authors: Lloyd David F. A. , van Amerom Joshua F. P. , Pushparajah Kuberan , Simpson John M. , Zidere Vita , Miller Owen , Sharland Gurleen , Allsop Joanna , Fox Matthew , Lohezic Maelene , Murgasova Maria , Malamateniou Christina , Hajnal Jo V. , Rutherford Mary , Razavi Reza 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectivesFetal cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers a potential alternative to echocardiography, although in practice, its use has been limited. We sought to explore the need for additional imaging in a tertiary fetal cardiology unit and the usefulness of standard MRI sequences.MethodsCases where the diagnosis was not fully resolved using echocardiography were referred for MRI. Following a three‐plane localiser, fetal movement was assessed with a balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) cine. Single‐shot fast spin echo and bSSFP sequences were used for diagnostic imaging.ResultsTwenty‐two fetal cardiac MRIs were performed over 12 months, at mean gestation of 32 weeks (26–38 weeks). The majority of referrals were for suspected vascular abnormalities (17/22), particularly involving the aortic arch (n = 10) and pulmonary vessels (n = 4). Single‐shot fast spin echo sequences produced ‘black‐blood’ images, useful for examining the extracardiac vasculature in these cases. BSSFP sequences were more useful for intracardiac structures. Real‐time SSFP allowed for dynamic assessment of structures such as cardiac masses, with enhancement patterns also allowing for tissue characterisation in these cases.ConclusionsFetal vascular abnormalities such as coarctation can be difficult to diagnose by using ultrasound. Fetal MRI may have an adjunctive role in the evaluation of the extracardiac vascular anatomy and tissue characterisation. © 2016 The Authors. Prenatal Diagnosis published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Successful Use of Ceftolozane‐Tazobactam to Treat a Pulmonary Exacerbation of Cystic Fibrosis Caused by Multidrug‐Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Vickery Stephen B. , McClain David , Wargo Kurt A. 
Published: August 2016

Ceftolozane‐tazobactam, a novel β‐lactam/β‐lactamase inhibitor, was recently approved for the treatment of complicated urinary tract and intraabdominal infections, as monotherapy and in combination with metronidazole, respectively. Ceftolozane‐tazobactam exhibits a wide spectrum of activity against both gram‐positive bacteria, gram‐negative bacteria including multidrug‐resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and some anaerobic bacteria. Although not currently approved for any pulmonary indication, studies have demonstrated excellent distribution to epithelial lining fluid, indicating that it may be an alternative agent to use in the treatment of respiratory tract infections caused by MDRP. aeruginosa. Unfortunately, data are lacking regarding the use of ceftolozane‐tazobactam in the treatment of respiratory tract infections including patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). We describe the first case report, to our knowledge, of a 25‐year‐old white man successfully treated with ceftolozane‐tazobactam for a pulmonary exacerbation of his CF caused by MDRP. aeruginosa. He was admitted for his fourth hospitalization in 7 months for a pulmonary exacerbation of his CF. After blood and sputum were cultured, prednisone, cefepime, inhaled tobramycin, and intravenous ciprofloxacin were started. On day 4, after no signs of clinical improvement, respiratory cultures revealed nonmucoid MDRP. aeruginosa, susceptible only to colistin. β‐Lactam therapy was subsequently changed to ceftolozane‐tazobactam 3 g intravenously every 8 hours while continuing ciprofloxacin and inhaled tobramycin. Ceftolozane‐tazobactam susceptibility was determined by the Etest method (minimum inhibitory concentration 1.5 μg/ml). By day 3 of therapy, the patient showed signs of clinical improvement and was discharged after completion of a 12‐day course of antibiotics. Until additional research is available, we hope this evidence will provide consideration of ceftolozane‐tazobactam for this novel off‐label indication.
How cooperative are protein folding and unfolding transitions?
Authors: Malhotra Pooja , Udgaonkar Jayant B. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA thermodynamically and kinetically simple picture of protein folding envisages only two states, native (N) and unfolded (U), separated by a single activation free energy barrier, and interconverting by cooperative two‐state transitions. The folding/unfolding transitions of many proteins occur, however, in multiple discrete steps associated with the formation of intermediates, which is indicative of reduced cooperativity. Furthermore, much advancement in experimental and computational approaches has demonstrated entirely non‐cooperative (gradual) transitions via a continuum of states and a multitude of small energetic barriers between the N and U states of some proteins. These findings have been instrumental towards providing a structural rationale for cooperative versus noncooperative transitions, based on the coupling between interaction networks in proteins. The cooperativity inherent in a folding/unfolding reaction appears to be context dependent, and can be tuned via experimental conditions which change the stabilities of N and U. The evolution of cooperativity in protein folding transitions is linked closely to the evolution of function as well as the aggregation propensity of the protein. A large activation energy barrier in a fully cooperative transition can provide the kinetic control required to prevent the accumulation of partially unfolded forms, which may promote aggregation. Nevertheless, increasing evidence for barrier‐less “downhill” folding, as well as for continuous “uphill” unfolding transitions, indicate that gradual non‐cooperative processes may be ubiquitous features on the free energy landscape of protein folding.
Tetragonal Ce‐based Ce‐Sm(Fe, Co, Ti)12 alloys for permanent magnets
Authors: Martín‐Cid Andrés , Gabay Aleksandr M. , Salazar Daniel , Barandiaran José Manuel , Hadjipanayis George C. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAbundance and relatively low cost of Ce provide a great incentive for its use in rare‐earth permanent magnets. It has been recently reported that the tetragonal Ce(Fe,Co,Ti)12 compounds may exhibit application‐worthy intrinsic magnetic properties. In this work the effect of the α‐Fe phase formation due to the evaporation of Sm during alloy fabrication has been studied, as a previous step in the attempt to convert the intrinsic magnetic properties into functional properties of a permanent magnet. Ce0.5Sm0.5Fe9Co2Ti alloys based on the ThMn12‐type crystal structure have been synthesized via melt‐spinning with different Sm content. Coercive fields between 2.8 and 1.4 kOe have been found for α‐Fe phase contents between 8 and 46% in volume, showing the influence of the α‐Fe phase on the coercivity and exchange coupling between the hard and soft phase. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Correlation and coherence of mesoscale wind speeds over the sea
Authors: Mehrens Anna R. , Hahmann Andrea N. , Larsén Xiaoli G. , von Bremen Lueder 
Published: August 2016

A large offshore observational dataset from stations across the North and Baltic Seas is used to investigate the planetary boundary‐layer wind characteristics and their coherence, correlation and power spectra. The data from thirteen sites, with pairs of sites at horizontal distances of 4 to 848 km, are analyzed for typical wind turbine nacelle heights. Mean wind characteristics, correlation and coherence are also calculated for analogous wind data from simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model.Results indicate a general good agreement for the coherence calculated based on measurements and the WRF‐derived time series. By normalizing the frequency axes with the distance and mean wind speed, it can be demonstrated that, even for data with a wide range of distances, the coherence is a function of the frequency, mean wind and distance, which is consistent with earlier studies. However the correlation coefficient as a function of distance calculated from WRF is higher than observed in the measurements. For the power spectra, wind speed and wind speed step change distribution, the results for all sites are quite similar. The land masses strongly influence the individual wind direction distribution at each site. The ability of the WRF model to reproduce the coherence of the measurements demonstrates that its output can be used to estimate the coherence of fluctuations for the integration of offshore energy. The power spectra of WRF time series underestimates the high‐frequency fluctuations. Due to the large number of measurement sites, the results can be used for further plausibility validation for mesoscale model runs over the sea.