bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Naïve chicks prefer hollow objects
Authors: Versace Elisabetta , Schill Jana , Nencini Andrea Maria , Vallortigara Giorgio 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBiological predispositions influence approach and avoid responses since the beginning of life. Neonates of species that require parental care (e.g. human babies and chicks of the domestic fowl) are attracted by stimuli associated with animate social partners, such as face-like configurations, biological motion and self-propulsion. The property of being filled is used as a cue of animacy by 8-month-old infants but it is not known whether this reflects the effect of previous experience. We use chicks of the domestic fowl (Gallus gallus) to investigate whether the property of being filledvs.hollow elicits spontaneous or learned preferences. To this aim we tested preferences of naΪve and imprinted chicks for hollow and closed cylinders. Contrary to our expectations, we documented an unlearned attraction for hollow stimuli. The preference for hollow stimuli decreased when chicks were imprinted on filled stimuli but did not increase when chicks were imprinted on hollow stimuli, suggesting that this feature is not crucial to categorize the familiarity of imprinting objects. When chicks were imprinted on occluded stimuli that could be either filled or hollow, the preference for hollow stimuli emerged again, showing that imprinting does not disrupt the spontaneous preference for hollow objects. Further experiments revealed that hollow objects were mainly attractive by means of depth cues such as darker innards, more than as places to hide or as objects with high contrast. Our findings point to predisposed preferences for hollow objects that might be unrelated to social behaviour.
Single-crystal diamond refractive lens for focusing X-rays in two dimensions. Erratum
Authors: Antipov S. , Baryshev S. V. , Butler J. E. , Antipova O. , Liu Z. , Stoupin S. 
Published: April 2016

A correction is made to a citation in the article by Antipovet al.(2016) [J. Synchrotron Rad.23, 163–168].
Corporate governance and firm performance in developing countries: evidence from India
Authors: Arora Akshita , Sharma Chandan 
Published: April 2016

PurposeThis study aims to examine the impact of corporate governance on firm performance for a large representative sample.Design/methodology/approachThis empirical analysis focuses on a large number of companies covering 20 important industries of the Indian manufacturing sector for the period 2001-2010. Several alternative specifications and estimation techniques are used for analysis purposes, including system generalized methods of moments, which effectively overcomes the problem of endogeneity and simultaneity bias.FindingsOn one side, the findings indicate that larger boards are associated with a greater depth of intellectual knowledge, which in turn helps in improving decision-making and enhancing the performance. On the other side, the results indicate that return on equity and profitability is not related to corporate governance indicators. The results also suggest that CEO duality is not related to any firm performance measures for the sample firms.Practical implicationsThe outcomes of the analyses advocated that companies that comply with good corporate governance practices can expect to achieve higher accounting and market performance. It implies that good corporate governance practices lead to reduced agency costs. Hence, it is concluded that firms of the developing world can possibly enhance their performance by implementing good corporate governance practices.Originality/valueDeparting from the conventional system of the prior studies and instead of focusing on a single measure framework, a range of measures of corporate governance and firm's performance variables are used. Also, several alternative specifications and estimation techniques are used for analysis purposes. Furthermore, the sample also covers a large sample of manufacturing firms.
Business students’ perceptions of corporate governance best practices
Authors: Zuckweiler Kathryn M. , Rosacker Kirsten M. , Hayes Suzanne K. 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to develop a better understanding of business students' perceptions of the relative importance of corporate governance best practices within the context of major area of study and compare student rankings of corporate governance best practices to those of working professionals.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a previously published survey, data were collected from business students at two Midwestern US universities and analyzed using factor analysis.

Findings
This research demonstrated that students rank strategic human resource management as the most important corporate governance practice, matching the perceptions of professionals. Accounting majors report significantly greater understanding of corporate governance, the importance of corporate governance to business and the role of understanding corporate governance in their careers as compared to management majors.

Research limitations/implications
This study is limited by the inclusion of business students at only two US universities. Further studies should be conducted to better understand the similarities and differences between students and professionals and accounting and management majors in their perceptions of corporate governance best practices.

Practical implications
Managers can use these findings to enhance the training recent college graduates receive on corporate governance topics. Business schools can use these findings to evaluate ways to embed corporate governance throughout the curriculum.

Originality/Value
This research highlights gaps in current business school curriculum coverage of corporate governance best practices. It compares and contrasts students' and professionals' perceptions of best practices and offers suggestions for managers and educators.
Customer relationship management
Authors: Bhat Suhail Ahmad , Darzi Mushtaq Ahmad 
Published: April 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to develop a comprehensive integrated model which helps in explaining the impact of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) dimensions (complaint resolution, customer knowledge, customer empowerment and customer orientation) on customer loyalty and competitive advantage of a bank. The study also explores the mediating role of customer loyalty in the relationship between CRM and competitive advantage in retail banking.Design/methodology/approach– The research is based on a theoretical model which consists of four CRM dimensions and two exogenous variables. These have been used for establishing the hypotheses to analyze relationships between the variables constituting the CRM model. The data have been collected from 278 customers of a private bank. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The scale was developed and purified through factor analysis (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis). SEM was then used to examine the causal relationships and “model fit” of the proposed model.Findings– The results provide evidence that the four CRM dimensions have a positive effect on customer loyalty and competitive advantage of the bank. Among the CRM dimensions, customer knowledge is most influential of all the dimensions. Furthermore, customer loyalty acts as the mediator in the CRM model between CRM and competitive advantage.Research limitations/implications– Since, the study involved a single bank and therefore the results should be generalized cautiously. Only four CRM variables were included in the study; additional variables can be introduced in further studies involving different contexts.Practical implications– The study highlights and supports the need for mangers to devote additional resources toward developing a better CRM system. Therefore, mangers need to think beyond the technological aspects and should focus on these four dimensions, especially customer knowledge, to enhance the loyalty and competitiveness.Originality/value– The paper investigated hitherto unexplored relationships between customer-centric CRM dimensions instrumental in providing competitive advantage to a bank through mediational analysis. Thus, it contributes to the information on the implementation of CRM practices valuable for banking sector.
An in-depth analysis of strong t-consistency on secret image sharing
Authors: Hidayat Anneke Soraya , Lee Gil-Je , Yoon Eun-Jun , Yoo Kee-Young 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
The detection of an adversary in secret image sharing has been a problematic side in the reconstruction phase. Some of verifiable secret sharing solutions have been proposed to solve the problem. However, there is some computational limitation in the previous schemes. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the importance of consistency for detecting an adversary in a secure reconstruction phase. Strong t-consistency assures the correctness of reconstructed secret as long as participants P ∈ N and n(P) = t. Consistency is a solution for preventing the participant to be absent and helps the dealer to easily detect the adversary without an additional verification step.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper focuses on secure reconstruction, and uses two different approaches, namely, single-secret and multi-secret, to experiment the relationship between the given variable (t,m,n) and the adversaries by observing the quality test result, polynomial approach and visualization.

Findings
The results show that t and m are inversely proportional to the image quality without respect to the polynomial approach. The reconstruction phase is declared as securely conducted when m = 2t − 1, for both single- and multi-secret approaches.

Originality/value
The application of consistency is a considerable step for securing the secret from an adversary by combining the reconstruction phase and the consistency combination at once, removing the need for additional separate verification steps for decreasing the computational time, especially in secret image sharing.
An experimental survey of no-reference video quality assessment methods
Authors: Torres Vega Maria , Sguazzo Vittorio , Mocanu Decebal Constantin , Liotta Antonio 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
The Video Quality Metric (VQM) is one of the most used objective methods to assess video quality, because of its high correlation with the human visual system (HVS). VQM is, however, not viable in real-time deployments such as mobile streaming, not only due to its high computational demands but also because, as a Full Reference (FR) metric, it requires both the original video and its impaired counterpart. In contrast, No Reference (NR) objective algorithms operate directly on the impaired video and are considerably faster but loose out in accuracy. The purpose of this paper is to study how differently NR metrics perform in the presence of network impairments.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors assess eight NR metrics, alongside a lightweight FR metric, using VQM as benchmark in a self-developed network-impaired video data set. This paper covers a range of methods, a diverse set of video types and encoding conditions and a variety of network impairment test-cases.

Findings
The authors show the extent by which packet loss affects different video types, correlating the accuracy of NR metrics to the FR benchmark. This paper helps identifying the conditions under which simple metrics may be used effectively and indicates an avenue to control the quality of streaming systems.

Originality/value
Most studies in literature have focused on assessing streams that are either unaffected by the network (e.g. looking at the effects of video compression algorithms) or are affected by synthetic network impairments (i.e. via simulated network conditions). The authors show that when streams are affected by real network conditions, assessing Quality of Experience becomes even harder, as the existing metrics perform poorly.
Women business owners’ start-up motivations and network content
Authors: Sharafizad Jalleh , Coetzer Alan 
Published: April 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine how women small business owners’ (SBOs) business start-up motivations influence their network content.Design/methodology/approach– Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 women SBOs who were recruited through purposeful sampling methods. Interview data on their start-up motivations were used to categorise them into three types: classic, forced and work-family. The interviews explored the network contents of the three categories of participants.Findings– There were many similarities between network contents of classic and forced SBOs, as both groups had started their business for financial reasons rather than family reasons. All the participants’ networks contained information and advice, economic transactions, intangible support and strong ties. However, the sources and types of network content were different for the classic and forced SBOs when compared to work-family SBOs.Research limitations/implications– This study has limitations that tend to be commonly found in exploratory studies, such as a small sample size. However, the findings lay the groundwork for future quantitative studies that examine associations between SBOs’ motivations for starting a business and their network contents.Originality/value– This research responds to calls for studies aimed at developing a more nuanced understanding of SBOs’ networking behaviour. The study provides empirical evidence of a relationship between the motivations for starting a business and the network content of SBOs. The findings can be used by businesswomen’s network organisations in their mentoring and training interventions.
Innovation in micro enterprises: reality or fiction?
Authors: Faherty Ultan , Stephens Simon 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
– Although there is significant literature on innovation activities in large and medium-sized enterprises, studies that report on innovation practices in micro enterprises are lacking. The purpose of this paper is to explore three issues: understanding of the term “innovation”, innovation practice(s) and how innovation can be effectively measured.

Design/methodology/approach
– The 12 case studies presented in this paper involve micro enterprises based in Ireland. Data collected during depth interviews provide insights into understanding, practices, motivations, behaviours and attitudes relating to innovation.

Findings
– Although awareness of innovation theories, processes and procedures is found to be low, all of the micro enterprises studied engage in a range of innovation activities across products, processes, people and marketing. Innovation is important to the development of the enterprises; however, innovation is not a managed or systematic process, and this is often due to lack of resources.

Practical implications
– This paper presents six recommendations which are of use to academics, micro enterprises and government support agencies. These recommendations include making changes to the service provided by support agencies, simplifying innovation, developing an innovation brokering facility, and improving the design/delivery of innovation programmes.

Originality/value
– The paper enriches understanding of the experience of participants through the use of narrative structuring, and augments knowledge on the innovation practices of micro enterprises.
Community-based social marketing: effects on social norms
Authors: Schuster Lisa , Kubacki Krzysztof , Rundle-Thiele Sharyn 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate whether application of a community-based social marketing (CBSM) principle, namely, increasing the visibility of a target behaviour in the community, can change social norms surrounding the behaviour.

Design/methodology/approach
A repeated measures quasi-experimental design was used to evaluate the Victorian Health Promotion Foundation’s Walk to School 2013 programme. The target population for the survey were caregivers of primary school children aged between 5-12 years old. The final sample size across the three online surveys administered was 102 respondents.

Findings
The results suggest that the programme increased caregivers’ perceptions that children in their community walked to and from school and that walking to and from school is socially acceptable.

Originality/value
The study contributes to addressing the recent call for research examining the relationship between CBSM principles and programme outcomes. Further, the results provide insight for enhancing the social norms approach, which has traditionally relied on changing social norms exclusively through media campaigns.
Urethral‐fixation technique improves early urinary continence recovery in patients who undergo retropubic radical prostatectomy
Authors: Ficarra Vincenzo , Crestani Alessandro , Rossanese Marta , Palumbo Vito , Calandriello Mattia , Novara Giacomo , Praturlon Silvio , Giannarini Gianluca 
Published: April 2016

ObjectivesTo describe step‐by‐step an original urethrovesical anastomosis technique (urethral fixation) in patients undergoing retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP), to compare their early urinary continence recovery with those in a control group receiving a standard anastomosis technique and to identify the predictors of early urinary continence recovery.Patients and methodsWe compared 70 patients who underwent RRP with the urethral‐fixation technique with a contemporary control group of 51 patients who received RRP with a standard urethrovesical anastomosis. In the urethral‐fixation group, the urethrovesical anastomosis was made using eight single sutures. Specifically, to avoid retraction and/or deviations, we fixed the urethral stump laterally to the medial portion of levator ani muscle. Also, to maintain the normal position in the context of the pelvic floor, we fixed the urethral sphincter deeper to the medial dorsal raphe using a 3‐0 polydioxanone suture at the 6 o'clock position before completing the incision of the urethral wall. Urinary continence recovery was evaluated at 1, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after catheter removal. Patients self‐reporting no urine leak were considered continent. Uni‐ and multivariable analyses were used to identify predictors of urinary incontinence at the different follow‐up time‐points.ResultsThe evaluated groups had comparable preoperative variables. At 1 week after catheter removal, 32 (45.7%) patients in the urethral‐fixation group and 10 (19.6%) in the control group were continent (P = 0.01). At 4 weeks after catheter removal, 46 (65.7%) patients in the urethral‐fixation group and 16 (31.4%) in the control group were continent (P = 0.001). At 8 weeks after catheter removal, 59 (84.3%) patients in the urethral‐fixation group and 21 (41.2%) in the control group were continent (P < 0.001). Finally, at 12 weeks after catheter removal, 63 (90%) patients in the urethral‐fixation group and 32 (62.7%) in the control group were continent (P = 0.001). The urethral‐fixation technique was an independent predictor of urinary continence recovery at 1 week [odds ratio (OR) 4.305; P = 0.002); 4 weeks (OR 4.784; P < 0.001); 8 weeks (OR 7.678; P < 0.001) and 12 weeks (OR 5.152; P = 0.001) after catheter removal.ConclusionsThe urethral‐fixation technique significantly improves early urinary continence recovery in comparison with the standard technique. Moreover, our study confirmed that this surgical technique is an independent predictor of urinary continence recovery at 1, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after catheter removal.
Multiyear dual nitrate isotope signatures suggest that N‐saturated subtropical forested catchments can act as robust N sinks
Authors: Yu Longfei , Zhu Jing , Mulder Jan , Dörsch Peter 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn forests of the humid subtropics of China, chronically elevated nitrogen (N) deposition, predominantly as ammonium (NH4+), causes significant nitrate (NO3−) leaching from well‐drained acid forest soils on hill slopes (HS), whereas significant retention of NO3− occurs in near‐stream environments (groundwater discharge zones, GDZ). To aid our understanding of N transformations on the catchment level, we studied spatial and temporal variabilities of concentration and natural abundance (δ15N and δ18O) of nitrate (NO3−) in soil pore water along a hydrological continuum in the N‐saturated Tieshanping (TSP) catchment, southwest China. Our data show that effective removal of atmogenic NH4+ and production of NO3− in soils on HS were associated with a significant decrease in δ15N‐NO3−, suggesting efficient nitrification despite low soil pH. The concentration of NO3− declined sharply along the hydrological flow path in the GDZ. This decline was associated with a significant increase in both δ15N and δ18O of residual NO3−, providing evidence that the GDZ acts as an N sink due to denitrification. The observed apparent 15N enrichment factor (ε) of NO3− of about −5‰ in the GDZ is similar to values previously reported for efficient denitrification in riparian and groundwater systems. Episode studies in the summers of 2009, 2010 and 2013 revealed that the spatial pattern of δ15N and δ18O‐NO3− in soil water was remarkably similar from year to year. The importance of denitrification as a major N sink was also seen at the catchment scale, as largest δ15N‐NO3− values in stream water were observed at lowest discharge, confirming the importance of the relatively small GDZ for N removal under base flow conditions. This study, explicitly recognizing hydrologically connected landscape elements, reveals an overlooked but robust N sink in N‐saturated, subtropical forests with important implications for regional N budgets.
Mineral chemistry of a Cenozoic igneous complex, the Urumieh–Dokhtar magmatic belt, Iran: Petrological implications for the plutonic rocks
Authors: Honarmand Maryam , Omran Nematollah Rashidnejad , Neubauer Franz , Nabatian Ghasem , Emami Mohammad Hashem , Bernroider Manfred , Ahmadian Jamshid , Ebrahimi Mohammad , Liu Xiaoming 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe Niyasar plutonic complex, one of the Cenozoic magmatic assemblages in the Urumieh‐Dokhtar magmatic belt, was the subject of detailed petrographic and mineralogical investigations. The Niyasar magmatic complex is composed of Eocene to Oligocene mafic rocks and Miocene granitoids. Eleven samples, representing the major rock units in the Niyasar magmatic complex and contact aureole were chosen for mineral chemical studies and for estimation of the pressure, temperature, and oxygen fugacity conditions of mineral crystallization during emplacement of various magmatic bodies. The analyzed samples are composed of varying proportions of quartz, plagioclase, K‐feldspar, hornblende, biotite, titanite, magnetite, apatite, zircon, garnet, and clinopyroxene. Application of the Al‐in‐hornblende barometer indicates pressures of around 0.2 to 0.4 kbar for the Eocene–Oligocene mafic bodies and around 0.5 to 1.7 kbar for the Miocene granitoids. Hornblende‐plagioclase thermometry yields relatively low temperatures (661–780 °C), which probably reflect late stage re‐equilibration of these minerals. The assemblage titanite–magnetite–quartz as well as hornblende composition were used to constrain the oxygen fugacity and H2O content during the crystallization of the parent magmas in the Miocene plutons. The results show that the Miocene granitoids crystallized from magmas with relatively high oxygen fugacity and high H2O content (~5 wt% H2O). The Miocene granitoids show similar range of oxygen fugacity, H2O contents and mineral chemical compositions, which indicate a common source for their magmas. Although the crystallization pressures of the Miocene plutons discriminate various categories of plutonic bodies emplaced at depths of about 5.7–6.5 km (Marfioun pluton), about 4.2 km (Ghalhar pluton) and 1.9–2.3 km (Poudalg pluton), they were later uplifted to the same level by vertical displacement of faults. The emplacement depths of the Niyasar plutons suggest that the central part of the Urumieh‐Dokhtar magmatic belt has experienced an uplift rate of ca. 0.25–0.4 mm/yr from the Miocene onwards.