bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of yoga in psychological correlates of learning ability in school children
Authors: Bera Manasi , Barik Atin Kumar , Bera Tushar Kanti 
Published: June 2017

Background:
The art of learning may contribute to various skills required for better performance in human abilities involving memory, learning (attention fluctuation, sentence completion, and general intelligence), perception, motor functions, etc.

Objective:
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of yoga training intervention toward improvement in the selected psychological correlates of learning ability among the school children.

Method:
A parallel group, research design was considered in this experiment, which was conducted on sixty male students (n = 60), age group of 12–14 years, who were randomly assigned into two identical groups (Group A: exp group and Group B: control) and each group consists of thirty students. The research design includes pretest, yoga training, mid-test, detraining, and posttest. The variables of learning abilities (viz., attention fluctuation, sentence completion, and general intelligence) were tested three times (pre-, mid-, and post-) using standard methods. The yoga training intervention comprising prayer recitation, Yoga Asanas, Anuloma Viloma (Pranayama), and Omkar Chanting was imparted for 45 min daily in the morning (except Sundays and holidays) for a total period of 45 days, whereas the controlled students were kept busy with recreation and library readings. Then, mid-test was conducted. Further, the detraining phase (Phase II) was considered for the next 45 days, and then posttest was conducted. Thus, total duration of the experiment was 90 days.

Statistical Analysis:
All statistical analyses were carried out by 2 × 3 × 3 factorial ANOVA followed by Scheffe's post hoc test.

Result:
The results revealed that Hatha Yogic practices lead to the reduction in attention fluctuation which implies improvement in attention ability among the school children. Further, improvement in sentence completion ability and general intelligence was evident after yoga training intervention. Moreover, detraining phase of 6 weeks could maintain similar trend of results as compared to the controlled subjects.

Conclusion:
Hatha Yogic practices lead to a significant improvement in the selected correlates of better learning ability in school children.
Effect of Yoga–Preksha meditation on management of obesity in sportspersons
Authors: Bala Raj , Chander Ramesh , Mishra J. P. N. 
Published: June 2017

Background:
Overweight is a big problem for sportspersons. Excess body weight affects sportsperson's skills and performances. Excess body fat in sportspersons also increases the risk of heart disease, diabetes, liver disease, arthritis, and allied problems.

Objectives:
This study was designed to assess the impact of yoga–Preksha meditation on obesity in sportspersons.

Materials and Method:
The participants were selected randomly from the Physical Education Department of Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa. Totally seventy students were incorporated in the study. They were divided into two groups of 35 each. Group I was termed as “experimental” and Group II was considered as “control” group. The experimental group was progressively introduced to the selected yogic exercises and Preksha meditation. The practice session was conducted for 60 min on all weekdays except Sundays for a period of 4 months. Control group was not given any such training. Pre data (0 day) and Post data (after 4 months) of both groups i.e. height, weight and body mass index (BMI) was taken. The difference in the percentage of participants improving in the experimental group and the corresponding control group was tested for significance of difference by computing Student's t-test.

Results:
The results showed that there was a significant reduction in body weight and BMI in experimental group which may be attributed to the dominance of parasympathetic component of autonomic nervous system and simultaneous balance in the stimulatory activity of sympathetic components too. This might have caused alteration in fat mobilization which resulted in reduction in body weight and BMI.

Conclusion:
The regular practice of yoga–Preksha meditation is helpful in managing the problem of obesity in sportspersons and improves their performance.
Emancipatiebeleid: Een bron van aanhoudende zorg
Authors: Outshoorn Joyce 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The author comments on the interview with Hedy D’Ancona and Jet Bussemaker. She draws attention to the time period between their times in power, which is underreported in this interview. D’Ancona presided over the development of emancipation policy, while Bussemaker became a member of the government after a period of degeneration. During the 1990s, many of the institutions established by D’Ancona were abolished, and, during the first decades of this century, some ministers were of the opinion that emancipation policy was no longer necessary. The author argues that Bussemaker, when she came to power, was severely hampered in her ambitions by a lack of tools to accomplish them.
Genderverschillen in gebruik van strategieën op het werk door mantelzorgers
Authors: Plaisier Inger , de Boer Alice , de Klerk Mirjam 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This article provides insight in the extent to which female and male caregivers with a paid job apply working strategies differently, and whether a possible gender contrast can be explained by a higher caregiver burden. Data were collected in a survey conducted in the Netherlands among 1395 persons (594 men and 801 women) who combined informal caregiving with paid employment in 2014. Short-term leave is the preferred option for one out of three caregiving men and women. Reducing work hours and taking individual measures were more often applied by caregiving women, but men and women did not differ in the likelihood to quit working altogether. The higher likelihood to structurally reduce working hours among women was explained by their higher caregiving burden compared to men. Men and women who experience a high burden use different work strategies. Men who experience a high caregiving burden are more likely to take individual measures with their employer, while a higher burden is not related to taking such measures among women. Adequate use of work strategies by women needs attention by employers and policy makers, particularly because of their greater likelihood to become a caregiver and their higher burden of care compared to men.
Choroidal Thickness and Ametropia in Children: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Fontaine Marine , Gaucher David , Sauer Arnaud , Speeg-Schatz Claude 
Published: June 2017

Purpose To determine the relationship of subfoveal choroidal thickness (ChT), refraction, and axial length in children, and evaluate the evolution of subfoveal ChT with time in myopic versus nonmyopic eyes. Methods A total of 229 eyes of 115 children aged 2 to 16 years were included in the study. Refraction under cycloplegia, axial length, and subfoveal ChT were measured at baseline with comparative investigations at 15 months follow-up. Results The probability for the subfoveal ChT to be thinner in myopic children compared to nonmyopic children was 0.9999. We found a relation between subfoveal ChT and axial length. At 15 months follow-up, subfoveal ChT was found to have increased in the nonmyopic eyes, but decreased in myopic patients. Conclusions A number of studies have already shown the choroid to play an important role in the process of emmetropization. We found that ChT had a different evolution in myopic children compared to nonmyopic children. A thinner choroid may predict the onset, or progression, of myopia. Further studies, with longer follow-up, are necessary to confirm this hypothesis.
Longitudinal assessment of intraocular pressure in premature infants
Authors: Balci Ozlem , Tanriverdi Cafer , Gulkilik Gokhan , Aras Cengiz , Tastekin Ayhan 
Published: June 2017

Purpose: To investigate the longitudinal change in intraocular pressure (IOP) in premature infants and to establish a normative IOP value. Methods: Forty premature infants with a gestational age (GA) of 26 weeks were enrolled in this longitudinal study. Measurements were taken initially at 28 weeks postconceptional age (PCA) and at 2-week intervals up to 40 weeks PCA. Intraocular pressure was measured with a hand-held tonometer (Tono-Pen XL; Reichert Inc.). Results: From 40 (22 male, 18 female) premature Caucasian infants, seven (for each eye) IOP measurements were obtained. Mean GA was 26 weeks and mean birthweight was 820 ± 112 grams. The mean IOP was 15.1 ± 1.2 mm Hg and 14.9 ± 1.1 mm Hg for the right and left eyes, respectively. The mean IOP in both eyes for all measurements was 15.0 ± 1.1 mm Hg. At 28 weeks PCA, 9 (22.5%) preterm infants had IOP values greater than 20 mm Hg. The mean IOPs at 28 weeks, 30 weeks, 32 weeks, 34 weeks, 36 weeks, 38 weeks, and 40 weeks PCA were 18.7 ± 1.1 mm Hg, 16.9 ± 0.9 mm Hg, 15.3 ± 0.9 mm Hg, 14.1 ± 1.3 mm Hg, 13.7 ± 1.3 mm Hg, 13.4 ± 1.4 mm Hg, and 13.1 ± 1.3 mm Hg, respectively. A significant decrease in IOP measurements was found up to 34 weeks PCA, with no significant decline in IOP measurements after that point (F = 109.7, p<0.01). There was a negative correlation between IOP and PCA (r = −0.712, p<0.01). Conclusions: The mean IOP of premature infants was 15.0 ± 1.1 mm Hg and IOP values decreased significantly up to 34 weeks PCA, indicating a decline trend approaching the term period.
Early diagnosis of radiotherapy failure for patients with head and neck cancer: the role of biochemical markers
Authors: Mrochem-Kwarciak Jolanta , Rutkowski Tomasz , Wygoda Andrzej , Deja Regina , Hajduk Agata , Składowski Krzysztof 
Published: June 2017

Purpose: There is a lack of effective diagnostic tools for early assessment of radiotherapy (RT) outcome in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). The timely diagnosis of treatment failure may facilitate use of salvage procedures to prevent disease progression. We assessed squamous cell carcinoma antigen and CYFRA 21-1 as early markers of radiotherapy failure in patients with HNC. Methods: Between January 2009 and February 2012, 185 patients (median age 59 years) with squamous cell carcinoma were treated with curative intent with RT alone or combined with chemotherapy (ChT). Markers were estimated in the serum 2 times: before RT and after completion of treatment. Results: The median of follow-up was 40 months. Locoregional control (LRC) was 53% and locoregional failure (LRF) was 31%. When comparing LRC and LRF, there were no significant differences between markers concentration obtained before RT. After RT, CYFRA 21-1 (p = 0.018) was significantly elevated in the LRF group. Patients with CYFRA 21-1 <1.79 ng/mL had a higher disease-free survival rate compared to patients with CYFRA 21-1 ≥1.79 ng/mL (74% vs 53%, respectively). After RT, CYFRA 21-1 was significantly related to the overall survival ratio in both univariate (p = 0.049) and multivariate analysis (p = 0.019). Conclusions: CYFRA 21-1 assessed at the end of RT or ChT seems to be a prognostic marker for tumor response. A high concentration of CYFRA 21-1 after treatment increases the risk of death. CYFRA 21-1 might be suggested in the monitoring of carcinomas of HNC.
Test estandarizados, análisis del ruido del instrumento usado para medirlo y su efecto en políticas públicas. Caso Chileno
Authors: Sierra Alejandro , Valenzuela Lionel Josue , Tapias Gertosio Juan 
Published: June 2017

El puntaje de test estandarizados es frecuentemente uno de los principales factores a tomar en cuenta en decisiones de políticas públicas en educación. Además, que en aquellos países con un sistema de voucher para el financiamiento de la educación, influyen en las decisiones de matrículas de los estudiantes. No obstante ellos, hay dudas permanentes sobre qué tan amplio es el efecto del error (ruido) sobre la señal entregada por el test. Previos estudios han mostrado que dicho error tiene un importante efecto en el puntaje final del test. Esta investigación examina un extenso set de datos, usando los puntajes de test estandarizados en Chile desde el años 2005 al 2008, para analizar la presencia de ruido en dichos resultados y ampliar la discusión a un país que posee un amplio historial de una política de libre elección de escuelas en qué matricularse. Este estudio es una contribución, primero, porque hay un escaso número de estudios previos, y a su vez usa una set de datos no usados anteriormente para esta metodología y mucho más grandes que los previamente utilizados. Se encontró que una vez la variable ruido es aislada, la componente que es verdaderamente una señal del puntaje del test se mueve entre 45% y 47% del puntaje total para los test de matemáticas. Para los test de lenguaje, obtuvimos menores valores donde la señal se mueve entre 37.3% y 44.2%.
Assessment of care of patients with asthma in a family practice training program
Authors: Craig Timothy J. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
To determine if primary care physicians have been adhering to guidelines set forth by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Expert Panel Report Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma, the author gauged the use of peak flow meters in a hospital family training program. Specifically investigated were the physicians' response to results from the peak flow meters and their prescribing practices regarding the beclomethasone dipropionate metered-dose inhaler. Overall, the use of peak flow meters among the 20 patients included in this study averaged 70%, up from 10% in earlier studies. Similarly, 45% of these patients received prescriptions for beclomethasone metered-dose inhalers with spacer devices. Although these results appear to indicate that physicians are following the aforementioned guidelines, the author cautions that the peak expiratory flow rate measurement is not a perfect indication of asthma severity. Likewise, the spacer devices are not indicated for all patients with asthma who are taking inhaled corticosteroids. Finally, the author emphasizes that anti-inflammatory agents should be effectively used when indicated.
Phosphorus Flame Retardants
Authors: Weil Edward D. , Levchik Sergei V. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPhosphorus flame retardants are a broad and expanding class of additive or reactive organic or inorganic compounds used to improve the fire safety of flammable materials such as plastics, textiles, wood, paper, and other flammable materials.In this article, their modes of action (vapor phase, condensed phase) and interactions are described, then specific classes of phosphorus flame retardants and significant compounds in each class are discussed. Attention is given to the chemistry and mode of use in commercial practice. Polymers with built‐in phosphorus structures such as epoxy resins and polyesters are given attention.Health, safety, and environmental aspects are discussed as are commercial trends.
Objective estimation of spatially variable parameters of epidemic type aftershock sequence model: Application to California
Authors: Nandan Shyam , Ouillon Guy , Wiemer Stefan , Sornette Didier 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence (ETAS) model is widely employed to model the spatiotemporal distribution of earthquakes, generally using spatially invariant parameters. We propose an efficient method for the estimation of spatially varying parameters, using the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm and spatial Voronoi tessellation ensembles. We use the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) to rank inverted models given their likelihood and complexity and select the best models to finally compute an ensemble model at any location. Using a synthetic catalog, we also check that the proposed method correctly inverts the known parameters. We apply the proposed method to earthquakes included in the Advanced National Seismic System catalog that occurred within the time period 1981–2015 in a spatial polygon around California. The results indicate significant spatial variation of the ETAS parameters. We find that the efficiency of earthquakes to trigger future ones (quantified by the branching ratio) positively correlates with surface heat flow. In contrast, the rate of earthquakes triggered by far‐field tectonic loading or background seismicity rate shows no such correlation, suggesting the relevance of triggering possibly through fluid‐induced activation. Furthermore, the branching ratio and background seismicity rate are found to be uncorrelated with hypocentral depths, indicating that the seismic coupling remains invariant of hypocentral depths in the study region. Additionally, triggering seems to be mostly dominated by small earthquakes. Consequently, the static stress change studies should not only focus on the Coulomb stress changes caused by specific moderate to large earthquakes but also account for the secondary static stress changes caused by smaller earthquakes.
Fine particle retention within stream storage areas at base flow and in response to a storm event
Authors: Drummond J. D. , Larsen L. G. , González‐Pinzón R. , Packman A. I. , Harvey J. W. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractFine particles (1–100 µm), including particulate organic carbon (POC) and fine sediment, influence stream ecological functioning because they may contain or have a high affinity to sorb nitrogen and phosphorus. These particles are immobilized within stream storage areas, especially hyporheic sediments and benthic biofilms. However, fine particles are also known to remobilize under all flow conditions. This combination of downstream transport and transient retention, influenced by stream geomorphology, controls the distribution of residence times over which fine particles influence stream ecosystems. The main objective of this study was to quantify immobilization and remobilization rates of fine particles in a third‐order sand‐and‐gravel bed stream (Difficult Run, Virginia, USA) within different geomorphic units of the stream (i.e., pool, lateral cavity, and thalweg). During our field injection experiment, a thunderstorm‐driven spate allowed us to observe fine particle dynamics during both base flow and in response to increased flow. Solute and fine particles were measured within stream surface waters, pore waters, sediment cores, and biofilms on cobbles. Measurements were taken at four different subsurface locations with varying geomorphology and at multiple depths. Approximately 68% of injected fine particles were retained during base flow until the onset of the spate. Retention was evident even after the spate, with 15.4% of the fine particles deposited during base flow still retained within benthic biofilms on cobbles and 14.9% within hyporheic sediment after the spate. Thus, through the combination of short‐term remobilization and long‐term retention, fine particles can serve as sources of carbon and nutrients to downstream ecosystems over a range of time scales.
Physical controls of Southern Ocean deep‐convection variability in CMIP5 models and the Kiel Climate Model
Authors: Reintges A. , Martin T. , Latif M. , Park W. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractGlobal climate models exhibit large biases in the Southern Ocean. For example, in models Antarctic bottom water is formed mostly through open‐ocean deep convection rather than through shelf convection. Still, the timescale, region, and intensity of deep‐convection variability vary widely among models. We investigate the physical controls of this variability in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean, where most of the models simulate recurring deep‐convection events. We analyzed output from 11 exemplary CMIP5 models and four versions of the Kiel Climate Model. Of the several potential physical control parameters that we tested, the ones shared by all these models are as follows: Stratification in the convection region influences the timescale of the deep‐convection variability; i.e., models with a strong (weak) stratification vary on long (short) timescales. Also, sea ice volume affects the modeled mean state in the Southern Ocean: Large (small) sea ice volume is associated with a nonconvective (convective) predominant regime.
Social Role Participation and Satisfaction With Life: A Study Among Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis and Population Controls
Authors: van Genderen Simon , Plasqui Guy , van der Heijde Désirée , van Gaalen Floris , Heuft Liesbeth , Luime Jolanda , Spoorenberg Anneke , Arends Suzanne , Lacaille Diane , Gignac Monique , Landewé Robert , Boonen Annelies 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveParticipation in society of persons with chronic diseases receives increasing attention. However, little is known about which components of participation are most relevant to life satisfaction. This study examines the association between several aspects of social role participation and satisfaction with life (SWL) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) compared to population controls.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study, participants completed the Social Role Participation Questionnaire (SRPQ) and SWL scale. The SRPQ assesses several dimensions of participation (importance, satisfaction with performance, and satisfaction with time and physical difficulty) in 11 roles representing 3 domains (interpersonal relations, leisure, and work). For individuals with AS and controls, the association between role domains and SWL was examined using linear regression for each participation dimension separately, in the total and the employed population, adjusting for age, sex, education, and income.ResultsA total of 246 AS patients (mean ± SD age 51 ± 12 years, 62% males, mean ± SD disease duration 17 ± 12 years) and 510 controls (mean ± SD age 42 ± 15 years, 70% males) were included. AS patients were more frequently (extremely) dissatisfied with life (17.9% versus 8.6%; P < 0.05). In the total and the employed population, less physical difficulty and higher satisfaction with interpersonal relations and leisure were associated with higher SWL, and this was somewhat stronger in patients than in controls (P < 0.1). In employed controls, but not in employed patients, satisfaction with work was independently associated with SWL.ConclusionThese findings highlight the importance of supporting persons with AS in ameliorating social role participation, particularly in areas like close relationships and leisure activities, which are typically ignored when treating AS.