bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trait-based study predicts glycerol/diol dehydratases as a key function of the gut microbiota of hindgut-fermenting carnivores
Authors: Li Qing , Ruscheweyh Hans-Joachim , Østergaard Lærke Hartmann , Libertella Micael , Simonsen Kim Skalborg , Sunagawa Shinichi , Scoma Alberto , Schwab Clarissa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Microbial pdu and cob-cbi-hem gene clusters encode the key enzyme glycerol/diol dehydratase (PduCDE), which mediates the transformation of dietary nutrients glycerol and 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PD) to a variety of metabolites, and enzymes for cobalamin synthesis, a co-factor and shared good of microbial communities. It was the aim of this study to relate pdu as a multipurpose functional trait to environmental conditions and microbial community composition. We collected fecal samples from wild animal species living in captivity with different gut physiology and diet (n = 55, in total 104 samples), determined occurrence and diversity of pdu and cob-cbi-hem using a novel approach combining metagenomics with quantification of metabolic and genetic biomarkers, and conducted in vitro fermentations to test for trait-based activity.

Results
Fecal levels of the glycerol transformation product 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) were higher in hindgut than foregut fermenters. Gene-based analyses indicated that pduC harboring taxa are common feature of captive wild animal fecal microbiota that occur more frequently and at higher abundance in hindgut fermenters. Phylogenetic analysis of genomes reconstructed from metagenomic sequences identified captive wild animal fecal microbiota as taxonomically rich with a total of 4150 species and > 1800 novel species but pointed at only 56 species that at least partially harbored pdu and cbi-cob-hem. While taxonomic diversity was highest in fecal samples of foregut-fermenting herbivores, higher pduC abundance and higher diversity of pdu/cbi-cob-hem related to higher potential for glycerol and 1,2-PD utilization of the less diverse microbiota of hindgut-fermenting carnivores in vitro.

Conclusion
Our approach combining metabolite and gene biomarker analysis with metagenomics and phenotypic characterization identified Pdu as a common function of fecal microbiota of captive wild animals shared by few taxa and stratified the potential of fecal microbiota for glycerol/1,2-PD utilization and cobalamin synthesis depending on diet and physiology of the host. This trait-based study suggests that the ability to utilize glycerol/1,2-PD is a key function of hindgut-fermenting carnivores, which does not relate to overall community diversity but links to the potential for cobalamin formation.
Hyperexpansion of genetic diversity and metabolic capacity of extremophilic bacteria and archaea in ancient Andean lake sediments
Authors: Lezcano María Ángeles , Bornemann Till L. V. , Sánchez-García Laura , Carrizo Daniel , Adam Panagiotis S. , Esser Sarah P. , Cabrol Nathalie A. , Probst Alexander J. , Parro Víctor 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
The Andean Altiplano hosts a repertoire of high-altitude lakes with harsh conditions for life. These lakes are undergoing a process of desiccation caused by the current climate, leaving terraces exposed to extreme atmospheric conditions and serving as analogs to Martian paleolake basins. Microbiomes in Altiplano lake terraces have been poorly studied, enclosing uncultured lineages and a great opportunity to understand environmental adaptation and the limits of life on Earth. Here we examine the microbial diversity and function in ancient sediments (10.3–11 kyr BP (before present)) from a terrace profile of Laguna Lejía, a sulfur- and metal/metalloid-rich saline lake in the Chilean Altiplano. We also evaluate the physical and chemical changes of the lake over time by studying the mineralogy and geochemistry of the terrace profile.

Results
The mineralogy and geochemistry of the terrace profile revealed large water level fluctuations in the lake, scarcity of organic carbon, and high concentration of SO42--S, Na, Cl and Mg. Lipid biomarker analysis indicated the presence of aquatic/terrestrial plant remnants preserved in the ancient sediments, and genome-resolved metagenomics unveiled a diverse prokaryotic community with still active microorganisms based on in silico growth predictions. We reconstructed 591 bacterial and archaeal metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), of which 98.8% belonged to previously unreported species. The most abundant and widespread metabolisms among MAGs were the reduction and oxidation of S, N, As, and halogenated compounds, as well as aerobic CO oxidation, possibly as a key metabolic trait in the organic carbon-depleted sediments. The broad redox and CO2 fixation pathways among phylogenetically distant bacteria and archaea extended the knowledge of metabolic capacities to previously unknown taxa. For instance, we identified genomic potential for dissimilatory sulfate reduction in Bacteroidota and α- and γ-Proteobacteria, predicted an enzyme for ammonia oxidation in a novel Actinobacteriota, and predicted enzymes of the Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle in Planctomycetota, Gemmatimonadota, and Nanoarchaeota.

Conclusions
The high number of novel bacterial and archaeal MAGs in the Laguna Lejía indicates the wide prokaryotic diversity discovered. In addition, the detection of genes in unexpected taxonomic groups has significant implications for the expansion of microorganisms involved in the biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur.
Automatic defect detection in infrared thermal images of ancient polyptychs based on numerical simulation and a new efficient channel attention mechanism aided Faster R-CNN model
Authors: Wang Xin , Jiang Guimin , Hu Jue , Sfarra Stefano , Mostacci Miranda , Kouis Dimitrios , Yang Dazhi , Fernandes Henrique , Avdelidis Nicolas P. , Maldague Xavier , Gai Yonggang , Zhang Hai 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In recent years, the preservation and conservation of ancient cultural heritage necessitate the advancement of sophisticated non-destructive testing methodologies to minimize potential damage to artworks. Therefore, this study aims to develop an advanced method for detecting defects in ancient polyptychs using infrared thermography. The test subjects are two polyptych samples replicating a 14th-century artwork by Pietro Lorenzetti (1280/85–1348) with varied pigments and artificially induced defects. To address these challenges, an automatic defect detection model is proposed, integrating numerical simulation and image processing within the Faster R-CNN architecture, utilizing VGG16 as the backbone network for feature extraction. Meanwhile, the model innovatively incorporates the efficient channel attention mechanism after the feature extraction stage, which significantly improves the feature characterization performance of the model in identifying small defects in ancient polyptychs. During training, numerical simulation is utilized to augment the infrared thermal image dataset, ensuring the accuracy of subsequent experimental sample testing. Empirical results demonstrate a substantial improvement in detection performance, compared with the original Faster R-CNN model, with the average precision at the intersection over union = 0.5 increasing to 87.3% and the average precision for small objects improving to 54.8%. These results highlight the practicality and effectiveness of the model, marking a significant progress in defect detection capability, providing a strong technical guarantee for the continuous conservation of cultural heritage, and offering directions for future studies.
Advancements in understanding the mechanisms of lung–kidney crosstalk
Authors: Mendes Renata de Souza , Silva Pedro Leme , Robba Chiara , Battaglini Denise , Lopes-Pacheco Miquéias , Caruso-Neves Celso , Rocco Patricia R. M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis narrative review delves into the intricate interplay between the lungs and the kidneys, with a focus on elucidating the pathogenesis of diseases influenced by immunological factors, acid–base regulation, and blood gas disturbances, as well as assessing the effects of various therapeutic modalities on these interactions. Key disorders, such as anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease, the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), and Anti-neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA) associated vasculitis (AAV), are also examined to shed light on their underlying mechanisms. This review also explores the relationship between acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and acute kidney injury (AKI), emphasizing how inflammatory mediators can lead to systemic damage and impact multiple organs. In ARDS, fluid overload exacerbates pulmonary edema, while imbalances in blood volume, such as hypovolemia or hypervolemia, can precipitate renal dysfunction. The review highlights how mechanical ventilation strategies can compromise renal blood flow, trigger systemic inflammation, and induce hemodynamic and neurohormonal alterations, all contributing to lung and kidney damage. The impact of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) on lung–kidney interactions is evaluated, highlighting its role in severe respiratory failure and its renal implications. Emerging therapies, such as mesenchymal stem cells and extracellular vesicles, are discussed as promising avenues to mitigate organ damage and enhance outcomes in critically ill patients. Overall, this review offers a nuanced exploration of lung–kidney dynamics, bridging historical insights with contemporary perspectives. It underscores the clinical significance of these interactions in critically ill patients and advocates for integrated management approaches to optimize patient outcomes.
Enhancement of lactate fraction in poly(lactate-co-3-hydroxybutyrate) biosynthesized by metabolically engineered E. coli
Authors: Zhang Binghao , Guo Pengye , Sun Xinye , Shang Yanzhe , Luo Yuanchan , Wu Hui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPoly(lactate-co-3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(LA-co-3HB)] is a high-molecular-weight biomaterial with excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. In this study, the properties of P(LA-co-3HB) were examined and found to be affected by its lactate fraction. The efficiency of lactyl-CoA biosynthesis from intracellular lactate significantly affected the microbial synthesis of P(LA-co-3HB). Two CoA transferases from Anaerotignum lactatifermentans and Bacillota bacterium were selected for use in copolymer biosynthesis from 11 candidates. We found that cotAl enhanced the lactate fraction by 31.56% compared to that of the frequently used modified form of propionyl-CoA transferase from Anaerotignum propionicum. In addition, utilizing xylose as a favorable carbon source and blocking the lactate degradation pathway further enhanced the lactate fraction to 30.42 mol% and 52.84 mol%, respectively. Furthermore, when a 5 L bioreactor was used for fermentation utilizing xylose as a carbon source, the engineered strain produced 60.60 wt% P(46.40 mol% LA-co-3HB), which was similar to the results of our flask experiments. Our results indicate that the application of new CoA transferases has great potential for the biosynthesis of other lactate-based copolymers.
Graphical Abstract
Teacher-related factors associated with teacher–child interaction quality in preschool education
Authors: Tilbe Yohannes Tigro , Xiaosong Gai 
Published: September 2024

AbstractQuality teacher–child interaction is considered one of the primary mechanisms through which educational experience fosters the development of children’s competencies. Teachers’ self-efficacy and beliefs about developmentally appropriate practices influence the quality of classroom interaction. However, the findings are mixed, and more research must be done within the preschool teacher population. The present study investigated teacher-related factors influencing teacher–child interaction quality with preschool children. Two rating scales and one observation measure were used to survey and observe 55 preschool teachers in preschool centres of Arba Minch town, Ethiopia. Statistically significant positive correlations were found between teacher factors (i.e., teacher belief, self-efficacy, teaching experience) and teacher–child interaction quality (emotional support, classroom organization, and instructional support). Teacher belief significantly predicted teachers’ emotional support and classroom organization, while teaching experience significantly predicted instructional support. The findings of this study have implications for concerned bodies striving to achieve the 2030 sustainable development goals aimed at increasing the supply of qualified teachers to ensure all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood development and care so that they are ready for primary education, especially in the least developed countries.
Effectiveness of tramadol-including multimodal analgesia in spinal surgery: a single-center, retrospective cohort study
Authors: Okizuka Misa , Inose Ryo , Makio Satoshi , Muraki Yuichi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Multimodal analgesia (MMA) is recommended for postoperative pain management; however, studies evaluating the effect of tramadol-including MMA on numerical rating scale (NRS)-based postoperative pain levels and the length of stay (LOS) in the hospital are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the before and after effects of tramadol-including MMA application, and assess its effect on postoperative NRS scores and LOS.

Methods
Patients who underwent spinal surgery under general anesthesia at the Rakuwakai Marutamachi Hospital in fiscal years 2020 and 2022 were included in this study. The outcomes between the pre- and post-intervention groups were compared through propensity score matching.

Results
Following propensity score matching, 249 patients were included in each group. MMA application significantly decreased the median LOS from 10 to 9 days (p < 0.001). Additionally, the median NRS scores exhibited a significant decrease from 4 to 3 on postoperative day (POD) 3 (p = 0.0109) and from 3 to 2 on POD 5 (p = 0.0087). Following MMA application, the number of patients receiving additional analgesics decreased significantly, from 38 to 6 (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
The introduction of tramadol-including MMA can effectively reduce postoperative pain and decrease the LOS for patients undergoing spinal surgery.
Successful outcome achieved with adjuvant chemotherapy with irinotecan plus cisplatin in rectal neuroendocrine carcinoma: a case report
Authors: Saegusa Yoshitaka , Akabane Shintaro , Shimomura Manabu , Okuda Hiroshi , Yano Takuya , Mochizuki Tetsuya , Inoue Wako , Yamaguchi Mizuki , Yamaguchi Shinji , Sentani Kazuhiro , Yamauchi Masami , Tokumo Kentaro , Ohdan Hideki 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Rectal neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) are rare and associated with poorer prognoses compared to conventional adenocarcinomas. The efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy for resectable rectal NECs remains uncertain. Herein, we present a case of rectal NEC successfully treated with postoperative chemotherapy using irinotecan plus cisplatin.

Case presentation
A 48-year-old woman with a history of endometrial cancer presented with an intramural rectal tumour detected on follow-up imaging. Colonoscopy revealed a 30 mm submucosal tumour, and laparoscopic low anterior resection was performed. Histopathological examination showed poorly differentiated atypical cells with solid growth patterns. Metastasis from the uterine cancer was ruled out due to histological differences between the primary uterine tumour and the rectal lesion, as well as the absence of hormone receptor immunohistochemical expression. Further immunohistochemical analysis revealed diffuse CD56 positivity, a high mitotic rate (> 20/10 high power fields) and a Ki-67 labelling index exceeding 70%. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of rectal NEC, T3N0M0, Stage IIB (UICC 8th edition), was established. Given the aggressive nature of the tumour evidenced by a high Ki-67 labelling index, adjuvant chemotherapy comprising six cycles of irinotecan plus cisplatin was administered to mitigate the risk of recurrence. At the 3-year follow-up, the patient was free of disease recurrence.

Conclusion
This case highlights the importance of multidisciplinary surgical interventions followed by adjuvant chemotherapy in managing rectal NECs.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association of all types of beverages high in fructose with asthma in children and adolescents
Authors: Keshavarz Fatemeh , Zeinalabedini Mobina , Ebrahimpour-Koujan Soraiya , Azadbakht Leila 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Asthma has become the most common chronic condition among children in recent decades. Environmental factors, including food, drive its rise. Sweetened beverages are a staple of children’s diets and cause various health issues. Therefore, this research aims to evaluate the association of all types of high fructose beverages with asthma in children.

Method
We assessed observational studies published before November 2023, obtained from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The quality of articles was assessed by using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Studies with a pediatric population under 18 years that indicate the association between all kinds of beverages containing high fructose and asthma and evaluated risk estimates with 95% confidence intervals were included. We also followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA).

Results
In the final analysis, we included eleven studies with 164,118 individuals. Twenty-one effect sizes indicated a significant positive association between sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) consumption and odds of asthma (OR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.15–1.42; Pvalue < 0.001). Three effect sizes showed that total excess free fructose (tEFF) intake increases children’s asthma odds by 2.7 times (pooled OR: 2.73; 95% CI: 1.30–5.73; Pvalue =0.008). However, five effect sizes in 100% fruit juice failed to show statically association with asthma prevalence in children (pooled OR: 1.43; 95%CI: 0.91–2.23; Pvalue =0.12).

Conclusion
In summary, SSB and tEFF raised asthma probabilities. No relationship was found between fruit juice and asthma in children and adolescents. We need more cohort studies with correct age selection to identify the precise link.
Metabolic Phenotyping from Whole-Blood Responses to a Standardized Exercise Test May Discriminate for Physiological, Performance, and Illness Outcomes: A Pilot Study in Highly-Trained Cross-Country Skiers
Authors: Karlsson Øyvind , Govus Andrew D. , McGawley Kerry , Hanstock Helen G. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
This study used metabolic phenotyping to explore the responses of highly-trained cross-country skiers to a standardized exercise test, which was part of the athletes’ routine testing, and determine whether metabolic phenotyping could discriminate specific physiological, performance, and illness characteristics.

Methods
Twenty-three highly-trained cross-country skiers (10 women and 13 men) participated in this study. Capillary whole-blood samples were collected before (at rest) and 2.5 min after (post-exercise) a roller-ski treadmill test consisting of 5–6 × 4-min submaximal stages followed by a self-paced time trial (~ 3 min) and analyzed using mass spectrometry. Performance level was defined by International Ski Federation distance and sprint rankings. Illness data were collected prospectively for 33 weeks using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Questionnaire on Health Problems. Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analyses (OPLS-DA) followed by enrichment analyses were used to identify metabolic phenotypes of athlete groups with specific physiological, performance, and illness characteristics.

Results
Blood metabolite phenotypes were significantly different after the standardized exercise test compared to rest for metabolites involved in energy, purine, and nucleotide metabolism (all OPLS-DA p < 0.001). Acute changes in the metabolic phenotype from rest to post-exercise could discriminate athletes with: (1) higher vs. lower peak blood lactate concentrations; (2) superior vs. inferior performance levels in sprint skiing, and (3) ≥ 2 vs. ≤ 1 self-reported illness episodes in the 33-week study period (all p < 0.05). The most important metabolites contributing to the distinction of groups according to (1) post-exercise blood lactate concentrations, (2) sprint performance, and (3) illness frequency were: (1) inosine, hypoxanthine, and deoxycholic acid, (2) sorbitol, adenosine monophosphate, and 2-hydroxyleuroylcarnitine, and (3) glucose-6-phosphate, squalene, and deoxycholic acid, respectively.

Conclusion
Metabolic phenotyping discriminated between athlete groups with higher vs. lower post-exercise blood lactate concentrations, superior vs. inferior sprint skiing performance, and more vs. less self-reported illnesses. While the biological relevance of the identified biomarkers requires validation in future research, metabolic phenotyping shows promise as a tool for routine monitoring of highly-trained endurance athletes.
Machine learning in business and finance: a literature review and research opportunities
Authors: Gao Hanyao , Kou Gang , Liang Haiming , Zhang Hengjie , Chao Xiangrui , Li Cong-Cong , Dong Yucheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study provides a comprehensive review of machine learning (ML) applications in the fields of business and finance. First, it introduces the most commonly used ML techniques and explores their diverse applications in marketing, stock analysis, demand forecasting, and energy marketing. In particular, this review critically analyzes over 100 articles and reveals a strong inclination toward deep learning techniques, such as deep neural, convolutional neural, and recurrent neural networks, which have garnered immense popularity in financial contexts owing to their remarkable performance. This review shows that ML techniques, particularly deep learning, demonstrate substantial potential for enhancing business decision-making processes and achieving more accurate and efficient predictions of financial outcomes. In particular, ML techniques exhibit promising research prospects in cryptocurrencies, financial crime detection, and marketing, underscoring the extensive opportunities in these areas. However, some limitations regarding ML applications in the business and finance domains remain, including issues related to linguistic information processes, interpretability, data quality, generalization, and the oversights related to social networks and causal relationships. Thus, addressing these challenges is a promising avenue for future research.