bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Umbrella Review for Assessment of Treatment Effectiveness of Clear Aligners Compared to Conventional Fixed Appliances in Orthodontic Patients
Authors: Chawla (Jamenis) Shilpa , Deshmukh Shailesh , Bhosale Veera , Rodrigues Lishoy , Agrawal Jiwanasha , Agrawal Manish Suresh , Umalkar Devika 
Published: September 2024

Introduction Orthodontic improvements, mainly through the previous decade, have led to a substantial rise in patients’ esthetic needs. Traditional orthodontic procedures have been linked with a compromise in facial appearance, which increases concern among patients pursuing orthodontic treatment. Methods PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews databases were searched using appropriate entry terms and Boolean operators. Search strategy was conducted till June 2022 for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Publications were systematically assessed for eligibility, and two observers independently graded the methodologic quality using AMSTAR-2 tool. For each meta-analysis, we estimated the summary effect size by the use of random-effects and fixed-effects models and the 95% confidence interval. We estimated the between-study heterogeneity expressed by I 2 (defined as large for I 2 ≥50%), evidence of small-study effects (i.e., large studies had significantly more conservative results than smaller studies), and evidence of excess significance bias (i.e., more studies than expected with significant results). Results Overall, 16 unique systematic reviews and meta-analyses following the eligibility criteria were selected for umbrella review. The results of qualitative analysis of studies revealed that 4 studies had a critically low risk of bias, 11 showed low risk, and 1 study had moderate risk. The results of the meta-analysis favored clear aligners with respect to oral hygiene and root resorption parameters. When tooth movements were considered, the results favored conventional orthodontic treatment. Conclusion Clear aligner therapy (CAT) has significant advantages with regard to efficiency (treatment time, chair time) in mild-moderate malocclusion cases. The overall accuracy of CAT when compared to fixed orthodontic treatment was found to be 55-82%.
Exploring the usefulness of real-time digitally supported fatigue monitoring in fatigue management: Perspectives from occupational therapists and brain injury survivors
Authors: Ezekiel Leisle , Wilding Harriet , Dearling Jeremy , Collett Johnny , Dawes Helen 
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Persistent fatigue after acquired brain injury (ABI) needs long-term self-management. Self-monitoring supports self-management and informs the use of fatigue management strategies. Using ecological momentary assessment to monitor fatigue offers a data-driven approach to managing fatigue. Aims: To explore the usefulness of self-monitoring fatigue in real-time, using ecological momentary assessment to support self-management, from the perspective of people with ABI and occupational therapists. Methods: People with ABI monitoried their fatigue by wearing a Fitbit and completing six surveys a day on their phone for 6 days. Think aloud and semi-structured interviews elicited views on self-monitoring and the data generated. Transcripts were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results: Four themes were developed from people with ABI ( n = 9): (1) Attending to experience, (2) making sense of data, (3) the relationship between fatigue and activity, (4) implications for daily life. Three themes from occupational therapists ( n = 5): (1) Challenges of using of data, (2) perceived benefits of self-monitoring, (3) viewing data in relation to their understanding of fatigue. Conclusion: Data generated in real-time challenged perspectives on fatigue and fatigue management. These insights may help people with ABI and their clinicians to plan personalised strategies for fatigue management and evaluate its impact on daily living.
Money as a “Social Power”: Commodity Fetishism and Financialization
Authors: Davis Ann E. 
Published: September 2024

Marx’s concepts of commodity and money fetishism explain the perception that money and commodities have “value,” presumably as part of their intrinsic properties. In fact, the exchange value of commodities and money results from living labor and the extraction of surplus value. With a historic review of the institutions for production, circulation, and credit, this appearance of capitalism can be explained. Further, the view that money is valuable in itself can lead to overexpansion of credit, stagnation, and instability. The attribution of “value” to living labor and the environment instead of money would result in different policies and priorities, and a more stable and equitable economy, rather than “financialization” and crises. JEL Classification: N23, G15, G23, B52
Parental Perception of Vulnerability, Child’s Temperament, and Health Locus of Control: Who Made You Boo-Boo?
Authors: Hania Alishba , Khaliq Aqsa Abdul , Jameel Maria , Sehar Sidra 
Published: September 2024

Background: In Pakistan, where unintentional injuries among toddlers pose a significant public health challenge, understanding the factors that contribute to elevated injury risks is crucial. A two-dimensional approach including parental factors (internal/external health locus of control and perceived vulnerability) and child factors (the child’s temperament) is explored as contributing to the unintentional injury behaviors of toddlers. Method: The study involved 241 parents of toddlers aged 18–36 months from daycare centers in three major Pakistani cities who had observed multiple recent injuries in their children. The comprehensive online assessment, lasting 15–20 minutes, incorporated the child vulnerability scale, injury behavior checklist, parent health locus of control questionnaire, and early childhood behavior questionnaire. Demographic details included child and parent age distributions, with a focus on educational backgrounds. The participants comprised both fathers and mothers, and the data analysis employed Smart-PLS software for structural equation modeling. Result: The results suggested there is no direct relationship between parental health locus of control (internal/external) and injury behaviors in children. However, an indirect and significant path was observed from the parental health locus of control (internal/external) to perceived child vulnerability and injury behaviors through moderation of temperamental characteristics. Conclusion: Our research underscores the indirect link between parental factors, child temperament, and toddler injuries in Pakistan. Culturally sensitive interventions targeting parental awareness can play a pivotal role in safeguarding the well-being of the youngest members of society.
Queering Masculinities in the Middle East (SWANA) and South Asia
Authors: Thangaraj Stanley , Inhorn Marcia C. 
Published: September 2024

One of the most important shifts in gender scholarship is the attention now being paid to discourses and practices of masculinity in the Global South. This issue of Men and Masculinities contributes to this growing field in three important ways. First, we foreground scholarship on masculinities in two interconnected, but understudied regions of the world, specifically the Middle East, which is also known as South West Asia and North Africa (SWANA), and its neighbor to the east, South Asia. In particular, we demonstrate the ways in which queer identities and communities are being formed across these two regions, connected as they are by historic trade routes, migration pathways, and transregional cultural flows. Second, we point to the vibrant masculinities scholarship that is emerging from these regions. But we focus specifically on non-normative masculinities—or the queer, trans, and other genderqueer masculinities—which have been historically present in these two regions, but which have been much less represented in masculinities literature. Third, we look to identity formation, or the ways in which young cis-gender, trans, and queer men come out in their communities and seek authentic lives of desire, pleasure, and participation. At the same time, we highlight the ever-present precarity within queer communities in the Middle East/SWANA and South Asia, especially given postcolonial nationalist and ethno-nationalist agendas, which promote normative heteropatriarchal masculinities and concomitant homophobia and transphobia.
Feline friendly POCUS: how to implement it into your daily practice
Authors: Swanstein Hugo , Boysen Søren , Cole Laura 
Published: September 2024

Practical relevance: Cats are great pretenders; they often hide illness until they are critical. This makes patients of this species challenging to assess and manage in the emergency setting where quick and stress-free diagnosis and treatment are necessary. Veterinary point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is a rapid, evidence-based, non-invasive, repeatable, cage-side ultrasonographic examination designed to answer clinically driven questions without compromising feline wellbeing. Integrating feline friendly POCUS as an extension of the physical examination to streamline diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, thereby limiting stress and improving overall patient care, is advocated by the authors of this article. Equipment: Given the multitude of ultrasound machines and probes available that are portable, meaning they can be moved around the clinic and used patient-side, it should be possible for most practitioners to integrate POCUS into daily practice. The authors’ preferred equipment for feline POCUS is a microconvex probe and a portable machine with a fixed pre-set. This set-up allows the clinician to complete all POCUS (abdominal, lung and pleural space, and heart) without needing to move the patient, change probes or restrain the patient in a particular position, ultimately saving time, personnel and cost while maintaining patient comfort and safety. Aim: This review aims to serve as a valuable resource for veterinarians seeking to improve their feline patient care through the judicious utilisation of POCUS. In this article, the complex challenges posed by cats are addressed, and the different POCUS techniques, applications and clinical recommendations are discussed. Evidence base: This review draws on the published literature, as well as the authors’ own collective experience when providing recommendations.
Long-term outcomes of acetabular impaction grafting with cemented cups and trabecular metal for revision hip arthroplasty: a follow-up study
Authors: Curtin Mark , Russell Shane P , Mirdad Rayyan S , Irwin Shane C , Rowan Fiachra E , Masterson Eric L , Condon Finbarr 
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Revision hip arthroplasty in the presence of complex acetabular deficiencies is challenging. Cement, allograft, reconstruction rings and porous trabecular metal now provide versatile options for acetabular fixation and restoration of acetabular offset. We compare acetabular impaction bone grafting (AIBG) and trabecular metal (TM) cups at long-term follow-up. Methods: 53 patients who underwent revision hip arthroplasty were retrospectively reviewed from local joint registry data. 36 patients were revised using AIBG and 17 with TM. Median clinical follow-up was 9.57 (2.46–18.72) years and 9.65 (7.22–12.46) years, respectively. 82% of the TM group and 63% of the AIBG group were ⩾ Paprosky 2C. Re-revision was considered failure. Radiographs demonstrating 5 mm of femoral head migration and 5° of acetabular component inclination change were considered loose. Results: Patients receiving AIBG were younger (68 vs. 74 years) with a longer interval from initial arthroplasty to revision (17 vs. 13 years). Revisions in both groups were indicated most commonly for failed cementing (AIBG 88.9% vs. TM 70.5%). No TM reconstructions underwent re-revision, with only 1 failing at 6.3 years, compared with 9 AIBG re-revisions. When revising for sepsis, 33% of AIBG revisions failed. Conclusions: AIBG demonstrated high failure rates at long-term follow-up when compared to TM constructs. We recommend the use of AIBG in small cavitary defects only. We strongly advise against its use in the setting of significant bony defects and for prosthetic joint infection.
Downregulation of LPAR1 Promotes Invasive Behavior in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Bokaii Hosseini Zahra , Rajabi Fatemeh , Morovatshoar Reza , Ashrafpour Mahshad , Behboodi Panteha , Zareie Dorsa , Natami Mohammad 
Published: September 2024

Background: Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPAR1) has been identified as a biomarker in various cancer types. However, its biological function in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) remains unknown. Methods: LPAR1 was identified as a key regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in PTC cells through bioinformatics analysis of TCGA and GEO datasets. PPI analysis and correlation with immune infiltrates were also conducted. LPAR1 expression was evaluated using Gepia2 and GTEx, and miRNA target gene prediction was done with multiMiR. To assess the expression of LPAR1, we extracted total RNA from both the BCPAP cell line and the normal human thyroid epithelial cell line Nthy-ori 3-1. The levels of LPAR1 expression were then measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in the BCPAP cell line, with a comparison to the Nthy-ori 3-1 cell line. Results: 1081 genes were upregulated, and 544 were downregulated compared to normal tissue. LPAR1 was identified as a key candidate by analyzing the TCGA and GEO datasets. PPI data analysis showed interactions with metastasis-related proteins. Functional enrichment analysis indicated involvement in signaling pathways like phospholipase D and actin cytoskeleton regulation. LPAR1 expression correlated positively with immune infiltrates such as CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and myeloid dendritic cells but negatively with B cells. Additionally, miR-221-5p was predicted to target LPAR1 in PTC. Furthermore, our experimental data demonstrated that LPAR1 was under-expressed in the PTC cell line compared to the nonmalignant one ( P < .01). Conclusion: LPAR1 suppresses metastasis and is linked to EMT, as evidenced by the decreased LPAR1 expression and increased miR-221-5p in PTC. This suggests its potential as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis and as a therapeutic target for EMT.
Exposure to Smoking as a Predictor of ADHD Subtypes Among Children Within Saudi Arabia: An Observational Study
Authors: Zakariyah Abeer , Al Qutub Sulafa , Kazim Sereen , Alharbi Reman , Alharthi Hams , Alharbi Hadeel , Albassami Maram , Hanbazazh Mehenaz , Mahnashi Morooj 
Published: September 2024

Previous studies have found an association between maternal smoking and an increased risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring. However, the prevalence of maternal smoking, secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure during pregnancy, and ADHD in children within the Saudi Arabian context is not well-documented. Objective: To explore the prevalence of maternal smoking and SHS exposure during pregnancy among mothers of children diagnosed with ADHD and investigate exposure to smoking as a predictor of ADHD subtypes. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 1, 2022, to February 28, 2023, using an online questionnaire. The study included 217 parents of children aged 4-17 years diagnosed with ADHD and without a family history of the disorder. Data on sociodemographic determinants, academic achievement, ADHD types, and maternal smoking habits during pregnancy were collected. Results: Among the mothers surveyed, 6.4% reported smoking during pregnancy, while 41% were exposed to SHS. The study found a predominance of the combined subtype of ADHD among the children. Logistic regression analysis revealed that families with monthly income <10 000 SR were 2.6 times more likely to have a child with inattentive or hyperactive ADHD ( P < 0.03). Male gender was associated with a 46% reduced likelihood of these subtypes ( P < 0.03). SHS smoking and active exposure to smoking during pregnancy did not show any significant effect on ADHD. Conclusion: The study found that child gender and family income were significantly associated with the distribution of ADHD subtypes, while maternal smoking and SHS exposure during pregnancy did not show a significant association. The high prevalence of SHS exposure emphasizes the need for increased public health awareness and interventions to promote smoke-free environments during pregnancy.
Serum Potassium in Thyroid Cancer Patients With Hypothyroidism During Thyroid Hormone Withdrawal: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Tangsermvong Poonyisa , Chamroonrat Wichana , Vittayachokkitikhun Siripong , Sriphrapradang Chutintorn 
Published: September 2024

Background: Several case reports and a few studies have reported that hypothyroid patients have elevated serum potassium levels. However, hypothyroidism has not been widely accepted as a cause of hyperkalemia. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the incidence of hyperkalemia and factors influencing serum potassium levels in thyroid cancer patients with hypothyroidism during thyroid hormone withdrawal before radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of electronic medical records from January 2017 to June 2021, involving 956 thyroid cancer patients post-thyroidectomy and undergoing RAI. Laboratory parameters, including serum potassium levels, were collected in both euthyroid (<1 year prior to RAI) and hypothyroid states. Results: Among 508 patients (mean age 52 years, 79.3% female), hyperkalemia (potassium ⩾ 5.0 mEq/L) occurred in 2.8%, without severe hyperkalemia (potassium ⩾ 6.5 mEq/L). The hypothyroid state exhibited significantly higher serum potassium than the euthyroid state [4.16 (IQR, 3.94-4.41) vs 4.10 (IQR, 3.90-4.35) mEq/L, P < .01]. The mean change in potassium levels between the euthyroid and hypothyroid state was 0.05 ± 0.17 mEq/L. Pre-thyroid hormone withdrawal (euthyroid state) factors associated with serum potassium levels in the hypothyroid state included age, use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, diabetes mellitus, serum BUN/creatinine, serum potassium levels, hemoglobin A1c (positive correlation); and thiazide use and eGFR (negative correlation). In the hypothyroid state, hyperkalemia was more likely in patients with serum potassium ⩾4.2 mEq/L (OR 9.36, P < .01) or free T4 ⩾1.38 ng/dL (OR 7.05, P < .01) during the euthyroid state. Conclusions: The incidence of hyperkalemia was low in our hypothyroid cohorts. However, physicians should remain vigilant for cases with risk factors for developing hyperkalemia.
Comparison of Infection Rate Between Sterile and Nonsterile Gloves During Mohs Micrographic Surgery: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sarto Rubiana , Pereira Lívia F. , Mesquita Yasmin , Chater Regina C. , Lapenda Izadora , Moury Luana , Moraes-Souza Rafaela 
Published: September 2024

Background: Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is a well-established technique for the removal of various types of skin cancers. While sterile gloves (SG) are commonly used in skin surgeries such as MMS, additional understanding of their effectiveness compared to nonsterile gloves (NSG) in preventing local infection is required. Objective: We aimed to perform an updated systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the use of SG with NSG for local infection rate post-MMS and point out cost discrepancies between these 2 scenarios. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane for studies published up to August 2023 comparing the use of SG with NSG during MMS that reported the outcome of wound infection. Results: A total of 4 studies with 10,644 MMS were included, of which 7512 (70.6%) were performed with SG and 3132 (29.4%) were done with NSG. In the SG group, 232 out of 7512 cases (3.1%) developed infection compared to 64 out of 3132 (2.0%) in the NSG group [odds ratio (OR) 1.14; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.85-1.52; P = .39; I2 = 0%]. Therefore, the post-MMS infection rates were not significantly different between SG and NSG groups, including in the excision (OR 0.92; 95% CI 0.48-1.79; P = .81; I2 = 0%) and reconstruction (OR 1.17; 95% CI 0.85-1.60; P = .34; I2 = 0%) subanalysis. Regarding the mean cost of the gloves, the NSG pair was $0.24, approximately 10% of the price of the SG pair ($2.27). Conclusion: The results support that, compared to SG, NSG are equally effective in preventing infections during MMS while offering significant cost savings without compromising patient outcomes. Protocol registration: PROSPERO, CRD42023458525
The kappa free light chains index is an accurate diagnostic biomarker for paediatric multiple sclerosis
Authors: Sarthou Aurélie , Chrétien Pascale , Giorgi Laetitia , Chiron Andrada , Leroy Carole , Horellou Philippe , Krzysiek Roman , Deiva Kumaran , Hacein-Bey-Abina Salima 
Published: September 2024

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) may occur before the age of 18. Differentiation between paediatric MS (PedMS) and other demyelinating syndromes (ODSs) is challenging. In adult with MS, the kappa free light chain (KFLC) index has proven to be a reliable marker of intrathecal Ig synthesis. Objective: To assess the diagnostic value of the KFLC index in a cohort of patients with paediatric-onset, inflammatory disorders of the CNS. Methods: We included 73 patients and divided them into four groups: PedMS ( n = 16), ODS ( n = 17), encephalitis and/or inflammatory epilepsy (EE, n = 15), and controls without inflammatory CNS diseases ( n = 25). The KFLC index was calculated and compared with the results of the oligoclonal bands determination. Results: The KFLC index was higher in the PedMS group (median (interquartile range (IQR)): 150.9 (41.02–310.6)) than in the ODS (3.37 (2.22–8.11)), the EE (5.53 (2.31–25.81)) and the control group (3.41 (2.27–5.08)), respectively. The best KFLC index cut-off for differentiating between patients with PedMS and controls was 6.83 (sensitivity: 100%; specificity: 92%). A KFLC index over 93.77 indicated that the patient is very likely to have PedMS (sensitivity: 68%; specificity: 100%). Conclusion: The KFLC index is a reliable tool for the diagnosis of MS in a paediatric population.
Gender differences in the labour market insertion of tourism graduates
Authors: Escalonilla Marta , Boto-García David 
Published: September 2024

This article studies gender differences in labour mobility, employment type, contract type, and sectoral mismatch among tourism graduates in the first 4 years after graduation. We exploit a longitudinal dataset of seven graduation cohorts to ascertain gender differences in their labour market insertion process at the beginning of their careers. We estimate Heckman probit regressions for each outcome variable that deal with self-selection into employment status. Our results show that females are less likely to move outside their region for labour reasons and more likely to work part-time and with temporal contracts. Moreover, females exhibit a 15 per cent higher probability of being horizontally mismatched in their jobs. Importantly, the documented gap remains over time and even widens, suggesting a faster transition of males towards matched jobs and better labour conditions.