bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐(BETA‐BENZOYLVINYL)‐ANTIPYRIN‐DERIVATE MIT ANTIPHLOGISTISCHER UND ANALGETISCHER WIRKUNG
Authors: MASSARANI E. , NARDI D. , MAGISTRETTI M. J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Pyrazolone (I) reagieren mit den Ketonen (II) im sauren Medium bei 20‐25°C in 19 ‐ 52%iger Ausbeute zu den Aroylvinylpyrazolonen (IIIa) und (IIIb).
ChemInform Abstract: CYANACETALDEHYD‐DERIVATE UND FOLGEPRODUKTE
Authors: STURM HANS‐JUERGEN , ARMBRUST HERBERT 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Umsetzung der Acroleine (I) mit Hydroxylamin führt nicht wie erwartet zu den Acrylnitrilen (II) sondern zum Malondialdehyddioxim (III), das aufgrund des NMR‐Spektrums aus einem Tautomeriegleichgewicht der syn‐ und anti‐Form a bzw. b unter vermutlicher Beteiligung der Ringstruktur c besteht.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON AMINOISOCHINOLINEN UND VERWANDTEN VERBINDUNGEN 2. MITT. SYNTH. VON 6‐AMINO‐1‐BENZYLISOCHINOLINEN DURCH DIE BISCHLER‐NAPIERALSKI‐RK.
Authors: ISHIWATA S. , ITAKURA K. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractUmsetzung der Aminoacetate (Ia),(Ib) mit Chlorameisensäureester und anschließende Hydrolyse ergibt die Aldehyde (IIa),(IIb), die mit Nitromethan kondensiert und elektrochemisch ‐zu den β‐Phenyläthylaminderivaten (IVa), (IVb) reduziert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: DARST. VON PURINEN DURCH RK. VON GASFOERMIGEM CO2 ODER CS2 MIT TRIMETHYLSILYLDERIVATEN DES 5‐AMINO‐4‐CARBAMOYL‐IMIDAZOLS UND SEINES 1‐N‐RIBOSIDS, DARST. VON (2‐(14)C)XANTHIN, ‐XANTHOSIN, ‐THIOXANTHOSIN UND ‐GUANOSIN
Authors: PICHAT LOUIS , MASSE BERNHARD , DUFAY PHILIPPE 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Reaktion der Imidazole (Ia) bzw. (Ib) mit dem Chlorsilan (II) bzw. seinem Gemisch mit Hexamethyldisilazan führt hauptsächlich zu den trimethylsilylierten Verbindungen (IIIa) bzw. (IIIb).
ChemInform Abstract: OXONIN, THERMISCHE UND PHOTOCHEMISCHE BINDUNGSRELOKALISIERUNG
Authors: ANASTASSIOU A. G. , CELLURA R. P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractOxonin (I) lagert sich nicht, wie früher berichtet wurde, zum trans‐8,9‐Dihydrobenzofuran, sondern nach sorgfältiger Überprüfung der Ergebnisse zum cis‐8,9‐Dihydrobenzofuran (II) um.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON PHOSPHINIMINO‐VERBINDUNGEN
Authors: GOTSMANN GUENTHER , SCHWARZMANN MATTHIAS 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDurch Reaktion von Melamin (I) mit 1‐3 Mol des Phosphins (II) erhält man in Gegenwart von Halogenen und Abwesenheit von Halogenwasserstoff bindenden Verbindungen in einer Stufe mit großer Reinheit die Halogenide (III) (Ausbeuten von 43‐94%) und nach Abspaltung von Halogenwasserstoff die Imine (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: ANOMALE ANLAGERUNG VON KOMPLEXEN ALUMINIUMHYDRIDEN UND IHREN ALKYL‐DERIVATEN AN PHENYL‐ACETYLEN
Authors: ZACHARKIN K. I. , PALEJ B. A. , GAVRILENKO V. V. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBei der Einwirkung von Phenyl‐acetylen (I) auf Tri‐isobutyl‐lithium‐ oder natrium‐aluminiumhydrid (II) in Dimethoxy‐äthan als Lösungsmittel entsteht bei 40‐50°C während 3‐5 Stdn. das α‐Aluminium‐Derivat des Styrols (III), neben wenig β‐Derivat (IV), sowie unter Wasserstoff‐Abspaltung das Aluminium‐Derivat des Phenyl‐acetylens (V).
ChemInform Abstract: ACYLATE AROMATISCHER ORGANISCHER INDIUM‐VERBINDUNGEN
Authors: VIKTOROVA I. M. , SEVERDINA N. I. , RODIONOV A. N. , KOCESKOV K. A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAcylate von aromatischen Indium‐Verbindungen können entweder durch Einwirkung von organischen Säuren (Essigsäure, Propionsäure) (II) auf Triphenyl‐indium‐dioxanat (I) in Chloroform bei Zimmertemperatur erhalten werden, wobei in Abhängigkeit vom Verhältnis der Reaktionspartner unter Abspaltung von Benzol (IV) und Dioxan (V) Diphenyl‐indium‐acylat (III) (Ausbeute (IIIa): 85%, (IIIb): 70%) oder Monophenyl‐indium‐diacylat (VI) (Ausbeute (VIa): 63%, (VIb): 81%) entstehen, oder durch Disproportionierung bei der Einwirkung von Indium‐triacylat (VII) auf (I) in siedendem Benzol.
ChemInform Abstract: AEQUATORIALE ANNAEHERUNG VON DIAZOMETHAN AN DIE CARBONYLGRUPPE VON 5ALPHA‐3‐OXOSTEROIDEN
Authors: JONES J. B. , PRICE P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDas 3‐Oxosteroid (I) bildet beim Behandeln mit Kaliumcyanid in Eisessig und dann mit Acetanhydrid/Pyridin die beiden epimeren Cyanhydrindiacetate (II) (90%) und (III) (10%).
ChemInform Abstract: ANALOGA VON COFERMENTEN FUER DEN KOHLENHYDRATSTOFFWECHSEL 13. MITT. HERSTELLUNG DER URIDIN‐DIPHOSPHAT‐3‐DESOXY‐GLUCOSE
Authors: SIBAEV V. N. , KUSOV JU. JU. , KOMLEV I. V. , BUDOVSKIJ E. I. , KOCETKOV N. K. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn der unten angeführen Reaktionsfolge zur Herstellung der Uridin‐diphosphat‐3‐desoxy‐ribohexose (VI) besteht die größte Schwierigkeit in der Gewinnung des Ausgangsproduktes, der 3‐Desoxy‐D‐glucose (I) und der Isolierung des α‐anomeren 3‐Desoxy‐D‐ribohexosylphosphats (V).
What does employee ownership effectiveness look like? The case of a Canadian‐based firm
Authors: Harrison Jennifer A. , Singh Parbudyal , Frawley Shayna 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDrawing on agency theory, we explore how 30 employees defined ownership effectiveness in a 100 % employee‐owned Canadian‐based firm. Using a qualitative case‐study, remarkable similarities were found in the factors employees themselves believed contributed most to ownership effectiveness. Despite differences in job roles, employees emphasized confidence in the ownership program, participative decision‐making, ownership identity, and their organization as a family unit. In light of these findings, we discuss how a broader conceptualization of employee ownership effectiveness can be applied for a more comprehensive understanding of how such programs may develop and manifest. Copyright © 2016 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phase IA Clinical Trial Evaluating the Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Analgesic Efficacy of an Intrathecally Administered Neurotensin A Analogue in Central Neuropathic Pain Following Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Sang Christine N. , Barnabe Kate J. , Kern Steven E. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe evaluated CGX‐1160 in a Phase Ia clinical trial to determine the safety of escalating doses in patients with central neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury (SCI). Our secondary objective was to detect a trend toward analgesic efficacy. Four subjects received 3 consecutive escalating doses of CGX‐1160 starting at 25 μg/h over 6 hours until 2 consecutive subjects experienced any adverse effect; 2 of the 4 subjects received 2 sequences of 3 consecutive dose escalations. Maximum tolerated dose was defined by the development of diarrhea (900 μg/h over 6 hours). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood were collected for pharmacokinetic (PK) evaluation. The CSF concentration‐versus‐time data fit to a biexponential PK model, showing a rapid redistribution phase followed by a significantly slower terminal elimination phase. Incorporating an effect site delay into the model improved the fit to the data (concentration producing 50% of the maximum effect [C50], 58.7 ug/mL at the site of drug effect). Maximal reduction from the baseline pain intensity was 63%. In summary, CGX‐1160 was generally well tolerated when administered intrathecally at doses up to 1000 μg/h. Peak analgesic effect occurred after the peak intrathecal concentration, indicating the presence of an effect site compartment to the PK model to represent the concentration and effect profiles for this unique compound.
Epigenetic Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders: Alzheimer and Parkinson Diseases
Authors: Irwin Michael H. , Moos Walter H. , Faller Douglas V. , Steliou Kosta , Pinkert Carl A. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Preclinical Research

In this review, we discuss epigenetic‐driven methods for treating neurodegenerative disorders associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, focusing on carnitinoid antioxidant‐histone deacetylase inhibitors that show an ability to reinvigorate synaptic plasticity and protect against neuromotor decline in vivo. Aging remains a major risk factor in patients who progress to dementia, a clinical syndrome typified by decreased mental capacity, including impairments in memory, language skills, and executive function. Energy metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction are viewed as determinants in the aging process that may afford therapeutic targets for a host of disease conditions, the brain being primary in such thinking. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a core feature in the pathophysiology of both Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases and rare mitochondrial diseases. The potential of new therapies in this area extends to glaucoma and other ophthalmic disorders, migraine, Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, post‐traumatic stress disorder, systemic exertion intolerance disease, and chemotherapy‐induced cognitive impairment. An emerging and hopefully more promising approach to addressing these hard‐to‐treat diseases leverages their sensitivity to activation of master regulators of antioxidant and cytoprotective genes, antioxidant response elements, and mitophagy. Drug Dev Res 77 : 109‐123, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of source–sink dynamics
Authors: Heinrichs Julie A. , Lawler Joshua J. , Schumaker Nathan H. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryMany factors affect the presence and exchange of individuals among subpopulations and influence not only the emergence, but the strength of ensuing source–sink dynamics within metapopulations. Yet their relative contributions remain largely unexplored. To help identify the characteristics of empirical systems that are likely to exhibit strong versus weak source–sink dynamics and inform their differential management, we compared the relative roles of influential factors in strengthening source–sink dynamics. In a series of controlled experiments within a spatially explicit individual‐based model framework, we varied patch quality, patch size, the dispersion of high‐ and low‐quality patches, population growth rates, dispersal distances, and environmental stochasticity in a factorial design. We then recorded source–sink dynamics that emerged from the simulated habitat and population factors. Long‐term differences in births and deaths were quantified for sources and sinks in each system and used in a statistical model to rank the influences of key factors. Our results suggest that systems with species capable of rapid growth, occupying habitat patches with more disparate qualities, with interspersed higher‐ and lower‐quality habitats, and that experience relatively stable environments (i.e., fewer negative perturbations) are more likely to exhibit strong source–sink dynamics. Strong source–sink dynamics emerged under diverse combinations of factors, suggesting that simple inferences of process from pattern will likely be inadequate to predict and assess the strength of source–sink dynamics. Our results also suggest that it may be more difficult to detect and accurately measure source–sink dynamics in slow‐growing populations, highly variable environments, and where a subtle gradient of habitat quality exists.
Hybrid Functional Calculation of Defects in Pseudo‐binary Indium Oxynitride
Authors: Amnuyswat Kittiphong , Thanomngam Pittiporn 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIndium oxynitride (InOxNy) is an attractive material that shows multi‐functionality in electronic and optical applications due to its wide range tunable band gap. However there were only few studies available for this interesting material, especially on defect structure. In this work, first‐principles calculation based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) within the Heys, Scuseria and Ernzerhof (HSE) hybrid functional for exchange‐correlation energy was performed to investigate atomic structure, electronic properties and role of oxygen (O) defects occurred by means of their defect formation energies. The defect formation energies of both oxygen defects were compared with all possible native point defects in indium nitride. Our results revealed that O atom prefers to substitute in N site since it has lowest formation energy for all equilibrium crystal growth conditions. This result is consistent with the experimental observations by RF magnetron sputtering method. Moreover, the energy gap of indium nitride calculated by HSE method is 0.710 eV. The HSE calculation showed that the O antisite slightly widening the indium nitride band gap to 0.766 eV while the N vacancy gives wider indium nitride band gap of 1.410 eV. The complex defects of N vacancy and O antisite were also performed and discussed.
First Principles Calculations of Structural and Elastic Properties of Perovskite Crystals: The Case of SrTiO3
Authors: Pandech Narasak , Sarasamak Kanoknan , Limpijumnong Sukit 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe structural and elastic properties of perovskite crystals can be independently calculated by using first principles calculations without bias. The detailed calculation of cubic perovskite (Pm3m) crystal by first‐principles calculations both LDA and GGA approaches was shown, using SrTiO3 as an illustration case. The equilibrium volumes and bulk modulus of SrTiO3 were evaluated by fitting to Birch‐Murnaghan equation of states. The C11, C12, and C44 elastic constants were obtained from a polynomial fit to the calculated energy‐strain relations. For SrTiO3, the calculated lattice constants, bulk modulus, and all three elastic constants by both LDA and GGA calculations are in good agreement with experimental values. Because LDA gives a slightly smaller lattice constant compared to that obtained from GGA, the bulk modulus and all three elastic constants obtained from LDA are slightly larger than those values obtained from GGA. The calculation steps illustrated here can be used as a guideline to study elastic properties of other novel materials.
Detecting gas‐induced vasomotor changes via blood oxygenation level‐dependent contrast in healthy breast parenchyma and breast carcinoma
Authors: Wallace Tess E. , Patterson Andrew J. , Abeyakoon Oshaani , Bedair Reem , Manavaki Roido , McLean Mary A. , O'Connor James P.B. , Graves Martin J. , Gilbert Fiona J. 
Published: February 2016

PurposeTo evaluate blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) contrast changes in healthy breast parenchyma and breast carcinoma during administration of vasoactive gas stimuli.Materials and MethodsMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed at 3T in 19 healthy premenopausal female volunteers using a single‐shot fast spin echo sequence to acquire dynamic T2‐weighted images. 2% (n = 9) and 5% (n = 10) carbogen gas mixtures were interleaved with either medical air or oxygen in 2‐minute blocks, for four complete cycles. A 12‐minute medical air breathing period was used to determine background physiological modulation. Pixel‐wise correlation analysis was applied to evaluate response to the stimuli in breast parenchyma and these results were compared to the all‐air control. The relative BOLD effect size was compared between two groups of volunteers scanned in different phases of the menstrual cycle. The optimal stimulus design was evaluated in five breast cancer patients.ResultsOf the four stimulus combinations tested, oxygen vs. 5% carbogen produced a response that was significantly stronger (P < 0.05) than air‐only breathing in volunteers. Subjects imaged during the follicular phase of their cycle when estrogen levels typically peak exhibited a significantly smaller BOLD response (P = 0.01). Results in malignant tissue were variable, with three out of five lesions exhibiting a diminished response to the gas stimulus.ConclusionOxygen vs. 5% carbogen is the most robust stimulus for inducing BOLD contrast, consistent with the opposing vasomotor effects of these two gases. Measurements may be confounded by background physiological fluctuations and menstrual cycle changes. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:335–345.
Changes in Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn Fractionation and Liberation Due to Mussel Shell Amendment on a Mine Soil
Authors: Fernández‐Calviño David , Pérez‐Armada Lorena , Cutillas‐Barreiro Laura , Paradelo‐Núñez Remigio , Núñez‐Delgado Avelino , Fernández‐Sanjurjo María J. , Álvarez‐Rodriguez Esperanza , Arias‐Estévez Manuel 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMining activities are related to relevant environmental pollution issues that should be controlled. We used sequential extractions to fractionate Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn retained on unamended or mussel shell‐amended mine soil samples, all of them treated with a mixture of the five heavy metals (total metal concentration of 1·57 mmol L−1), after 1, 7 and 30 days of incubation. In addition, we used the stirred flow chamber technique to study the release of each of the five heavy metals from these different unamended and shell‐amended soil samples. The results indicate that the shell amendment caused a decrease in the most soluble fraction, while increasing the most recalcitrant (least mobile) fraction. With equivalent implications, the stirred flow chamber experiments showed that mussel shell amendment was associated to a decrease in heavy metal release and increased retention. The highest mussel shell dose and incubation time caused the most relevant changes in pH values and thus in metal retention, also indicating the importance of pH modifications in the mechanism of retention acting in the amended samples. In view of these results, the use of mussel shell amendment can be encouraged to increase heavy metal retention in acid mine soils, in order to minimise risks of environmental pollution. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computer simulations of thermal tissue remodeling during transvaginal and transurethral laser treatment of female stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Hardy Luke A. , Chang Chun‐Hung , Myers Erinn M. , Kennelly Michael J. , Fried Nathaniel M. 
Published: February 2016

Background and ObjectivesA non‐surgical method is being developed for treating female stress urinary incontinence by laser thermal remodeling of subsurface tissues with applied surface tissue cooling. Computer simulations of light transport, heat transfer, and thermal damage in tissue were performed, comparing transvaginal and transurethral approaches.Study Design/Materials and MethodsMonte Carlo (MC) simulations provided spatial distributions of absorbed photons in the tissue layers (vaginal wall, endopelvic fascia, and urethral wall). Optical properties (n,μa,μs,g) were assigned to each tissue at λ = 1064 nm. A 5‐mm‐diameter laser beam and incident power of 5 W for 15 seconds was used, based on previous experiments. MC output was converted into absorbed energy, serving as input for finite element heat transfer simulations of tissue temperatures over time. Convective heat transfer was simulated with contact probe cooling temperature set at 0°C. Variables used for thermal simulations (κ,c,ρ) were assigned to each tissue layer. MATLAB code was used for Arrhenius integral thermal damage calculations. A temperature matrix was constructed from ANSYS output, and finite sum was incorporated to approximate Arrhenius integral calculations. Tissue damage properties (Ea,A) were used to compute Arrhenius sums.ResultsFor the transvaginal approach, 37% of energy was absorbed in the endopelvic fascia target layer with 0.8% deposited beyond it. Peak temperature was 71°C, the treatment zone was 0.8‐mm‐diameter, and 2.4 mm of the 2.7‐mm‐thick vaginal wall was preserved. For transurethral approach, 18% energy was absorbed in endopelvic fascia with 0.3% deposited beyond the layer. Peak temperature was 80°C, treatment zone was 2.0‐mm‐diameter, and 0.6 mm of 2.4‐mm‐thick urethral wall was preserved.ConclusionsComputer simulations suggest that transvaginal approach is more feasible than transurethral approach. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:198–205, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Designing Polymeric Sensing Materials for Analyte Detection and Related Mechanisms
Authors: Stewart Katherine M. E. , Penlidis Alexander 
Published: February 2016

SummaryA systematic approach is used to design and tailor sensing materials for targeted analytes and specific applications. An example is used to demonstrate how potential sensing materials can be designed based on the chemical nature of both the target analyte and the sensing material, and thus predominant sensing mechanisms by which the two interact. The example analyte is a small, polar molecule able to hydrogen bond; therefore, a sensing material that targets the analyte should have polymer chains that pack tightly together, be polar, and be able to hydrogen bond. Any metal oxide dopants should be able to coordinate to both the target analyte and the polymer. Polyaniline and poly (o‐anisidine), along with nickel oxide and zinc oxide, are chosen as potential sensing materials and subsequently evaluated based on their ability to sorb the analyte in question.
A prototype of injector to control and to detect the release of magnetic beads within the constraints of multibifurcation magnetic resonance navigation procedures
Authors: Bigot Alexandre , Soulez Gilles , Martel Sylvain 
Published: February 2016

PurposeAn injector equipped with a bead capture and a bead detection system is presented. In the context of magnetic resonance navigation (MRN), in which MRI gradients are used to steer intravascular therapeutic carriers, fast and reliable injection is essential. In this paper, we present a prototype of injector to control and to detect the release of magnetic beads.MethodsThe injector relies on two distinct subsystems: (1) the capture subsystem, which creates local magnetic force to stop the flow of magnetic beads; and (2) the detection subsystem, which detects flowing beads and generates a trigger signal to start MRI gradient pulses. Both systems rely on small microcoils wound on the tubing.ResultsFive‐turn microcoils show the best compromise between size and performance. Less than 5 mW of power is required to capture 0.8‐mm beads moving in a flow above 5 mL min−1 or when a gradient above 200 mT m−1 is applied. The detection system is not sensitive to noise and detects every 0.8‐mm bead in flow rates up to 14 mL m−1.ConclusionThe prototype of injector shows performance above the requirements inherent to magnetic resonance navigation. This system is a step toward in vivo multibifurcation MRN. Magn Reson Med 77:444–452, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improved cardiac magnetic resonance thermometry and dosimetry for monitoring lesion formation during catheter ablation
Authors: Ozenne Valéry , Toupin Solenn , Bour Pierre , de Senneville Baudouin Denis , Lepetit‐Coiffé Matthieu , Boissenin Manuel , Benois‐Pineau Jenny , Hansen Michael S. , Inati Souheil J. , Govari Assaf , Jaïs Pierre , Quesson Bruno 
Published: February 2016

PurposeA new real‐time MR‐thermometry pipeline was developed to measure multiple temperature images per heartbeat with 1.6×1.6×3 mm3 spatial resolution. The method was evaluated on 10 healthy volunteers and during radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in sheep.MethodsMultislice, electrocardiogram‐triggered, echo‐planar imaging was combined with parallel imaging, under free breathing conditions. In‐plane respiratory motion was corrected on magnitude images by an optical flow algorithm. Motion‐related susceptibility artifacts were compensated on phase images by an algorithm based on Principal Component Analysis. Correction of phase drift and temporal filter were included in the pipeline implemented in the Gadgetron framework. Contact electrograms were recorded simultaneously with MR thermometry by an MR‐compatible ablation catheter.ResultsThe temporal standard deviation of temperature in the left ventricle remained below 2 °C on each volunteer. In sheep, focal heated regions near the catheter tip were observed on temperature images (maximal temperature increase of 38 °C) during RFA, with contact electrograms of acceptable quality. Thermal lesion dimensions at gross pathology were in agreement with those observed on thermal dose images.ConclusionThis fully automated MR thermometry pipeline (five images/heartbeat) provides direct assessment of lesion formation in the heart during catheter‐based RFA, which may improve treatment of cardiac arrhythmia by ablation. Magn Reson Med 77:673–683, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine