bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: NEUROTROPIC AND PSYCHOTROPIC AGENTS. PART CLII. ESTERS OF 1‐(4,4‐BIS(4‐FLUOROPHENYL)BUTYL)‐4‐(4‐CHLORO‐3‐TRIFLUOROMETHYLPHENYL)‐4‐PIPERIDINOL
Authors: RAJSNER M. , DLABAC A. , PROTIVA M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Titelverbindung (I) wird mit den Säurechloriden (II) in die Ester (III) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,4‐BIS(ARYLAMINO)‐6‐METHYLPYRIMIDINES AS ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
Authors: GHOSH D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus den Dichlorpyrimidinen (I) werden durch Umsetzung mit Arylaminen (II) die Bis‐(arylamino)‐ pyrimidine (III) hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: CARBONYL SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS OF CYCLOPENTADIENYLBROMODICARBONYLRUTHENIUM(II) AND (ETHYLTETRAMETHYLCYCLOPENTADIENYL)BROMODICARBONYLRUTHENIUM(II). A KINETIC STUDY
Authors: TABATABAIAN K. , WHITE C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractKinetische Untersuchungen zeigen, daß die Substitutionsreaktionen des n5‐Ethyltetramethylcyclopentadienyl‐dicarbonyl‐Komplexes (I) mit den entsprechenden P(III)‐Liganden zu den Produkten (II) über einen dissoziativen Mechanismus erfolgen.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF LACTOSE. XV. SYNTHESES OF O‐α‐ AND O‐β‐L‐FUCOPYRANOSYL‐(1 → 3)‐O‐β‐D‐GALACTOPYRANOSYL‐(1 → 4)‐D‐GLUCOPYRANOSES (3′‐O‐α‐ AND 3′‐O‐β‐L‐FUCOPYRANOSYLLACTOSES)
Authors: TAKAMURA T. , CHIBA T. , TEJIMA S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractÖ O′3n Chemical Modification of Lactose.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW SYNTHETIC ROUTE TO (.+‐.) LYSERGIC ACID
Authors: RAMAGE R. , ARMSTRONG V. W. , COULTON S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWittig‐Reaktion des bekannten Aldehyds (I) mit dem Phosphoran (II) liefert den Ester (IIIa), der über die Stufen (IIIb), (IIIc) und (IIId) in das Amin (IIIe) (Isolierung als Toluolsulfonat) übergeführt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF β‐SILICON NITRIDE BY CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION
Authors: HIRAI T. , HAYASHI S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractChemische Abscheidung aus einem SiCl4‐NH3‐H2‐Gasgemisch bei Temp. zwischen 1350 und 1450°C führt normalerweise zu amorphem oder α‐Si3N4.
ChemInform Abstract: FAST OXIDANTS FOR NADH AND ELECTROCHEMICAL DISCRIMINATION BETWEEN ASCORBIC ACID AND NADH
Authors: KITANI A. , MILLER L. L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBei pH 7 wird das protonierte Diamin (Ia) zum Diimin (IIa) mit einer Geschwindigkeitskonstante von 2.1°C 103 L/mol°s elektrochemisch oxidiert.
ChemInform Abstract: HOMOLYTIC ADDITION OF DICHLOROACETOACETIC ESTER TO A DOUBLE BOND
Authors: ABDULKINA Z. A. , AMRIEV R. A. , VELICHKO F. K. , MYSOV E. I. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract2,2‐Dichloracetessigester (IV) reagiert in Gegenwart der Katalysatoren (I)‐(III) mit 1‐Hepten (V) unter Bildung des Addukts (VI) und des Cyclisierungsprodukts (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: STUDY OF THE REACTION OF ACTIVATED AZIRIDINES WITH AMINES
Authors: BARANOV S. V. , MOCHALIN V. B. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDas Methoxycarbonylaziridin (I) reagiert mit NH3 und niederen prim. aliphatischen Aminen überwiegend unter Spaltung der Amidbindung und Bildung von Urethanen (III) und unsubstituiertem Aziridin (IV); unter der Einwirkung sonstiger Amine geht es hauptsächlich unter Ringspaltung in Ethylendiamin‐Derivate (II) über.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOASSISTED ISOMERIZATION OF OLEFINS BY PLATINUM COMPLEXES
Authors: COURTOT P. , PICHON R. , SALAUEN J.‐Y. + 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn Gegenwart des Platin‐Komplexes (I) erhält man aus Mischungen der 2‐Pentene (IIa) und (IIb) bei der Belichtung nach 50 h ein photostationäres 80z20‐Gemisch von (IIa) und (IIb).
ChemInform Abstract: NEW SYNTHESIS OF α‐OXIMINO‐α‐HALOKETONES: REACTIONS OF α‐HALOKETONES WITH ALKYL THIONITRITES
Authors: KIM Y. H. , JUNG S. H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus den α‐Halogenketonen (I) entstehen mit den Alkylthionitriten (II) über die Nitrosoverbindungen (III) die α‐Oximino‐a‐halogen‐ketone (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: HALOACRYLIC ACIDS. PART XVI. FLUORINATED 3‐DIETHYLAMINOPROPENOATES AND THEIR REACTIONS
Authors: SVOBODA J. , PALETA O. , LISKA F. , DEDEK V. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie durch Umsetzung der fluorierten Propenoate (I) mit Diethylamin gebildeten 3‐Amino‐Derivate (II) liefern als Hydrolyseprodukte die Carbamoylacetate (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SPIRO AND BICYCLIC ALIPHATIC AMINES, A NOVEL TYPE OF ANALGETICS
Authors: AVRAMOFF M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEthoxycyclopropanierung der cis‐Cycloolefine und cis,cis‐Cyclodiene (I) mit dem Diazoacetat (II) liefert die Ester (III), die über die freien Säuren (IV) und Säurechloride (V) in die entsprechenden Azide übergefihrt werden, die nach Curtius zu den Aminen (VI) abgebaut werden; die Verbindungen (III)‐(VI) fallen überwiegend als exo‐Isomere an.
ChemInform Abstract: PERFLUOROTETRACYCLOBUTACYCLOOCTATETRAENE; A PLANAR EIGHT‐MEMBERED RING SYSTEM; X‐RAY CRYSTAL STRUCTURE
Authors: EINSTEIN F. W. B. , WILLIS A. C. , CULLEN W. R. , SOULEN R. L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus dem Tetrafluordiiodcyclobuten (I) erhält man das planare Cyclooctatetraen (II).
ChemInform Abstract: DIELS‐ALDER REACTIONS OF (TRIMETHOXYMETHYL)CYCLOPENTADIENES. FORMATION OF ADDUCTS DERIVED FROM THE 2‐SUBSTITUTED TAUTOMER
Authors: YATES P. , GUPTA I. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDas Dithioketal (I) reagiert zu einem Gemisch der tautomeren Cyclopentadiene (II) und (III), das mit Acety1endi‐ carbonsäuredimethylester (IV) nur zum Cycloaddukt (V) umgesetzt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF DYES WITH DIBENZO(F,IJ)ISOQUINOLINE(2,3‐B)QUINAZOLINE‐5,10‐DIONE STRUCTURE
Authors: URSEANU F. , POPESCU D. , BRACACESCU D. , OLTEANU T. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Kondensation des Aminoanthrachinons (I) mit Nitroanthranilsäure (II) liefert das anellierte Nitrochinazolon (III), das mit Na2 Szum Aminochinazolon (IV) reduziert werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: L‐α‐METHYLDOPA AND L‐DOPA RIBOSIDES AND DERIVATIVES
Authors: CHAVIS C. , GRODENIC F. , IMBACH J.‐L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractZur Aufklärung der Struktur‐Aktivitätsbeziehung werden Struktur‐Modifikationen an den biologisch aktiven Titelverbindungen (I) vorgenommen.
ChemInform Abstract: MATRIX‐ISOLATION‐INFRARED AND LASER RAMAN SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY OF THE GAS‐PHASE REACTIONS OF CHLORINE ATOMS AND OZONE
Authors: BHATIA S. C. , HALL J. H. JUN. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractUnter Laborbedingungen reagieren Cl und 03 primär zu C100, Cl00 und 0ClO, wobei bei 03‐Überschuß C100 und 0ClO in nahezu äquivalenten Mengen entstehen.
ChemInform Abstract: ALUMINUM‐27 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDIES OF THE HYDROLYSIS OF ALUMINUM(III). PART 5. SLOW HYDROLYSIS USING ALUMINUM METAL
Authors: AKITT J. W. , FARTHING A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie 27 Al‐NMR‐Spektren von durch Al‐Metal1‐Hydrolyse (in Gegenwart von Hg) von AlCl3‐Lösungen dargestellten Lösungen werden in Abhängigkeit von der Temp. (27 und 77°C), der Konzentration und der magnetischen Feldstärke aufgenommen.
ChemInform Abstract: CHLORINE‐35 NMR STUDIES OF THE ION PAIRING OF THE CHLORIDE ION IN WATER AND AQUEOUS ACETONE
Authors: YUDASAKA M. , SUGAWARA T. , IWAMURA H. , FUJIYAMA T. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Linienbreite in den 35 C1‐NMR‐Spektren der CF‐Lösungen spiegelt recht empfindlich die Verhältnisse in der 1. Koordinationssphäre um die C1′‐Ionen wider.
ChemInform Abstract: PROTON AND FLUORINE‐SPIN‐LATTICE RELAXATION IN POLYCRYSTALLINE IRON(II) HEXAFLUOROSILICATE HEXAHYDRATE
Authors: RAGER H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus Messungen der 1H‐ und 19F‐Spin‐Gitter‐Relaxation im Temp.‐Bereich 130 K T 420 K bei 30 MHz (Standardimpulsmethoden) ergibt sich, daß vor allem die ungepaarten Elektronen des Fe" für diese verantwortlich sind.
ChemInform Abstract: STABILIZATION OF COLLOIDAL SILVER PRODUCED BY PYRENE‐SENSITIZED PHOTOREDUCTION OF SILVER IONS IN METHANOL
Authors: JAO T. , BEDDARD G. S. , TUNDO P. , FENDLER J. H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBei der Laserphotolyse von AgClO4 in methanolischen Pyren‐ oder L‐crown‐Pyren‐Lösungen wird kolloidales Ag° von beträchtlicher Stabilität gebildet.
ChemInform Abstract: PENTAFLUOROPHENYLCHLORINE(III) DIFLUORIDE
Authors: OBALEYE J. A. , SAMS L. C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPentafluorchlorbenzol (I) reagiert bei 1 17°C mit elementarem Fluor zu Pentafluorphenylchlorid‐difluorid (II).
ChemInform Abstract: REGIOSELECTIVE ALLYLATION OF METHOXY‐P‐BENZOQUINONE BY TRANS‐CINNAMYLTRIMETHYLTIN. CONTROL OF REGIOCHEMISTRY OF ALLYLATION BY USE OF A LEWIS ACID AND SYNTHESIS OF (.+‐.)‐4‐METHOXYDALBERGIONE
Authors: NARUTA Y. , UNO H. , MARUYAMA K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractOEt2 and Synthesis of (i)‐4‐Methoxydalbergione.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROPHILIC REACTIVITIES AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF TRANS‐ AND CIS‐RESORCYLIDES
Authors: SASSA T. , NUKINA M. , IKEDA M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Resorcylide (I) und (II) unterscheiden sich hinsichtlich ihrer Reaktivität gegen‐ über nucleophilen Agentien.
ChemInform Abstract: A FACILE ONE‐POT SYNTHESIS OF 1‐THIACYCLOOCTAN‐5‐ONE 1‐OXIDE
Authors: GARST M. E. , BONFIGLIO J. N. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractUmsetzung von Diallylsulfid (I) mit dem Boran‐Komplex (II) ergibt die im Titel genannte Verbindung (III).
ChemInform Abstract: AMINOLYSIS REACTION IN A SERIES OF 1,3,2‐OXAZAPHOSPHOLANES
Authors: PUDOVIK M. A. , KIBARDINA L. K. , PUDOVIK A. N. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDas 1,3,2‐Oxazaphospholanderivat (I) reagiert mit Anilinhydrochlorid (II) nur mit geringer Ausbeute in bekannter Weise zur Verbindung (III)‐, bei der Destillation des Reaktionsgemisohes erhält man das diphosphorylierte Anilin (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND STUDY OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL ACTION OF SELENAZOLIDIN‐4‐ONE DERIVATIVES
Authors: LEVSHIN I. B. , TSURKAN A. A. , RUDZIT E. A. , NESHCHADIM G. N. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn Fortführung früherer Arbeiten wird die Kondensation von 2‐Acetyliminoselenazolidinon‐4 (I) mit einer Reihe von aromatischen Aldehyden (II) zu den 5‐Yliden‐ Verbindungen (III) weiter untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: TETRACARBONYL DIAZAPHOSPHOLE COMPLEXES OF GROUP 6B METALS: THE ROLE OF STERIC EFFECTS
Authors: BACCOLINI G. , BUSETTO L. , FORESTI E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie thermische Substitution von (IIa) mit weiteren Mengen des cis‐Diaza‐ , phospholliganden L′ liefert eine cis‐trans‐2 : 3‐Mischung der Tetracarbonylkomplexe (I) mit Gesamtausb.
ChemInform Abstract: RING OPENING IN A NONBASIC MEDIUM OF 2‐METHYL‐6‐NITROBENZOTHIAZOLE AND HYDROGEN‐DEUTERIUM EXCHANGE AT THE 2‐METHYL PROMOTED BY SILVER(I)
Authors: ARESTA M. , CIMINALE F. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractNMR‐spektroskopische Unter‐ Bindung und Öffnung des Thiazolringes unter Bildung des Ag(I)‐thiolats (II).
ChemInform Abstract: PHOSPHOORGANIC PEPTIDE‐CONNECTING REAGENTS. PART 12. SYNTHESIS OF ARGININE CONTAINING PEPTIDES BY THE CONDENSATION REAGENT TRIS(DIMETHYLAMINO)PHOSPHINE/HEXACHLOROETHANE/1‐HYDROXYBENZOTRIAZOLE
Authors: APPEL R. , HIESTER E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractUnter Verwendung der im Titel genannten Reagenzkombination (THH) werden das Tetrapeptid (VII), eine schwierige Teilsequenz beim Aufbau des Schweine‐Proinsulin (28‐34)‐Heptapeptids, sowie die geschützten Dipeptide (VIII) (71/84/90% Ausb.) und (IX) (73‐79%) synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMISTRY OF THE 6H‐PYRIDO(4,3‐B)CARBAZOLES. PART 8. THE SYNTHESIS OF 8‐HYDROXY‐ AND 8‐METHOXYELLIPTICINES
Authors: DOLMAN D. , SAINSUBRY M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus dem 6‐Methoxy‐indolylmagnesiumbromid (I) erhält man mit dem Chlorid (II) ein Kondensationsprodukt (III), das zu (IV) N‐aminiert und substituiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF DINUCLEOSIDE MONOPHOSPHATES CONTAINING 2′‐HALO‐2′‐DEOXYADENOSINES
Authors: UESUGI S. , TAKATSUKA Y. , OHTA A. , IKEHARA M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractZur Untersuchung der Korrelation zwischen Struktur und biologischer Wirkung werden aus dem 2′‐Fluor‐desoxyadenosin (Ia) bzw. dem 2′‐Chlor‐desoxyadenosin (Ib) und den Phosphaten (II) sechs verschiedene Dinucleotidmonophosphate (III) hergestellt.
Nitration‐Oximization of Styrene Derivatives with tert‐Butyl Nitrite: Synthesis of α‐Nitrooximes
Authors: Chumnanvej Napasawan , Katrun Praewpan , Pohmakotr Manat , Reutrakul Vichai , Soorukram Darunee , Kuhakarn Chutima 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA highly efficient method for direct nitration‐oximization of styrene derivatives using tert‐butyl nitrite (t‐BuONO) in DMSO was developed. The present method offers a convenient and practical approach for the synthesis of α‐nitrooximes in moderate to high yields. The salient features entail mild reaction conditions, metal‐free reagent, environmentally benign solvent and simple experimental procedure.
A universal QoS scheme for web applications
Authors: Wu Hangxing , Wang Hongbing , Zhang Min 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThe common QoS metrics include delay, delay jitter, bandwidth guarantee, and so forth. Furthermore, the higher bandwidth requirement is also very important for some web applications, for instance, video on demand. Although QoS in networks has been well investigated during the past two decades, the existing QoS schemes usually aimed to satisfy only one QoS requirement for a particular web application. These schemes lack universality.Efficient and Fair eXplicit Congestion control Protocol (EFXCP) can achieve good network performance while maintaining low and stable queue length, which means low delay and delay jitter. In this paper, a new universal QoS scheme, E2FXCP, was proposed by extending EFXCP. Firstly, by utilizing the type of service field in the IP header to classify web applications into different priorities, a priority‐based bandwidth allocation is implemented in E2FXCP, which can satisfy higher bandwidth requirement of some web applications. Secondly, by utilizing three bits in EFXCP header to mark different states of a web application with bandwidth guarantee requirement, E2FXCP can provide bandwidth guarantee to the web application. Simulations in Network Simulator 2 (NS2) have validated that E2FXCP is a universal QoS scheme, which can simultaneously satisfy multiple common QoS metrics for various web applications while maintaining good network performance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluating vegetation effects on animal demographics: the role of plant phenology and sampling bias
Authors: Gibson Daniel , Blomberg Erik J. , Sedinger James S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPlant phenological processes produce temporal variation in the height and cover of vegetation. Key aspects of animal life cycles, such as reproduction, often coincide with the growing season and therefore may inherently covary with plant growth. When evaluating the influence of vegetation variables on demographic rates, the decision about when to measure vegetation relative to the timing of demographic events is important to avoid confounding between the demographic rate of interest and vegetation covariates. Such confounding could bias estimated effect sizes or produce results that are entirely spurious. We investigated how the timing of vegetation sampling affected the modeled relationship between vegetation structure and nest survival of greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), using both simulated and observational data. We used the height of live grasses surrounding nests as an explanatory covariate, and analyzed its effect on daily nest survival. We compared results between models that included grass height measured at the time of nest fate (hatch or failure) with models where grass height was measured on a standardized date – that of predicted hatch date. Parameters linking grass height to nest survival based on measurements at nest fate produced more competitive models, but slope coefficients of grass height effects were biased high relative to truth in simulated scenarios. In contrast, measurements taken at predicted hatch date accurately predicted the influence of grass height on nest survival. Observational data produced similar results. Our results demonstrate the importance of properly considering confounding between demographic traits and plant phenology. Not doing so can produce results that are plausible, but ultimately inaccurate.
Abdominal adiposity, general obesity, and subclinical systolic dysfunction in the elderly: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Russo Cesare , Sera Fusako , Jin Zhezhen , Palmieri Vittorio , Homma Shunichi , Rundek Tatjana , Elkind Mitchell S.V. , Sacco Ralph L. , Di Tullio Marco R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimsGeneral obesity, measured by body mass index (BMI), and abdominal adiposity, measured as waist circumference (WC) and waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR), are associated with heart failure and cardiovascular events. However, the relationship of general and abdominal obesity with subclinical left ventricular (LV) dysfunction is unknown. We assessed the association of general and abdominal obesity with subclinical LV systolic dysfunction in a population‐based elderly cohort.Methods and resultsParticipants from the Cardiovascular Abnormalities and Brain Lesions study underwent measurement of BMI, WC, and WHR. Left ventricular systolic function was assessed by two‐dimensional echocardiographic LV ejection fraction (LVEF) and speckle‐tracking global longitudinal strain (GLS). The study population included 729 participants (mean age 71 ± 9 years, 60% women). In multivariate analysis, higher BMI (but not WC and WHR) was associated with higher LVEF (β = 0.11, P = 0.003). Higher WC (β = 0.08, P = 0.038) and higher WHR (β = 0.15, P < 0.001) were associated with lower GLS, whereas BMI was not (P = 0.720). Compared with normal WHR, high WHR was associated with lower GLS in all BMI categories (normal, overweight, and obese), and was associated with subclinical LV dysfunction by GLS both in participants without [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1–3.6, P = 0.020] and with general obesity (adjusted OR 5.4, 95% CI 1.1–25.9, P = 0.034). WHR was incremental to BMI and risk factors in predicting LV dysfunction.ConclusionAbdominal adiposity was independently associated with subclinical LV systolic dysfunction by GLS in all BMI categories. BMI was not associated with LV dysfunction. Increased abdominal adiposity may be a risk factor for LV dysfunction regardless of the presence of general obesity.
Reaction of aerogel containing ceramic fibre insulation to fire exposure
Authors: Ghazi Wakili K. , Remhof A. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryAerogel containing ceramic fibre insulations represent a newly developed high performance insulation material applied in industrial installations and recently expanding rapidly into the construction industry to reduce the heat transfer through walls and ceilings. As a rather expensive material they are preferentially used in cases where slim layers of insulation are needed mainly in refurbishing of existing buildings especially those under heritage protection. The reaction to elevated temperatures in case of fire is a decisive property for building applications. The present article investigates the reaction to fire of an aerogel containing ceramic fibre insulation already available on the market. This reaction was monitored experimentally by means of temperature sensors at different depth in the material when subjected to the standard ISO fire. The measured temperature evolutions are discussed with respect to radiative heat transfer in an optically thick medium, temperature induced changes in density because of mass loss and the occurrence of endothermic and exothermic reactions detected by thermal analysis and compared with simulation results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of cranberry extracts on gene expression in THP‐1 cells
Authors: Hannon Daniel B. , Thompson Jerry T. , Khoo Christina , Juturu Vijaya , Vanden Heuvel John P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCranberry contains high levels of nutrients and bioactive molecules that have health‐promoting properties. The purpose of the present studies was to determine if cranberry extracts (CEs) contain phytochemicals that exert anti‐inflammatory effects. The human monocytic cell line THP‐1 was treated with two CEs (CE and 90MX) and subsequently challenged with Lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) expression was decreased in the CE‐treated cells, indicative of an anti‐inflammatory effect. Gene expression microarrays identified several immune‐related genes that were responsive to CEs including interferon‐induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 and 3 (IFIT 1 and 3), macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1) and colony‐stimulating factor 2 (CSF2). In addition, in the CE‐treated cells, metallothionein 1F and other metal‐responsive genes were induced. Taken together, this data indicates that CEs contain bioactive components that have anti‐inflammatory effects and may protect cells from oxidative damage.
A New Hope: Negotiating the Integration of Transmedia Storytelling and Literacy Instruction
Authors: Slota Stephen T. , Young Michael F. , O'Byrne W. Ian , Ballestrini Kevin 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTransmedia storytelling occurs when integral elements of a particular narrative are dispersed across multiple delivery channels using multiple media for the purpose of creating an integrated and coordinated storytelling experience. Educators have the opportunity to reconceptualize what literacy and learning could and should look like in and out of school. It provides opportunities for students to create their own stories that expand the lore and mythology of the overarching narrative and challenges them to resolve a variety of open, nonlinear problems. These narratives also contain sociocultural elements and therefore have the opportunity to connect to readers on different levels. In this column, the authors examine the affordances and possibilities of embedding transmedia narrative and elements of gaming into literacy instruction.
Translating Literacy as Global Policy and Advocacy
Authors: Mora Raúl Alberto 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis column engages readers in reflexivity about the uses and meanings of literacy from a global perspective. Relying on the author's own experiences and current multilingual research, Mora discusses the issue of translating literacy into policy and advocacy. The first idea about translation tackles the importance of translating current ideas and trends about literacy as epistemological, not instrumental, matters. The second idea looks at the ongoing debates related to translating the wordliteracyand the current trends around it into other languages. The author argues that rather than looking at mere translations of words from English to other languages, the translations are looking more deeply at the epistemological issues that today's discussions of literacy entail.
Reading for Reliability: Preservice Teachers Evaluate Web Sources About Climate Change
Authors: Damico James S. , Panos Alexandra 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis study examined what happened when 65 undergraduate prospective secondary level teachers across content areas evaluated the reliability of four online sources about climate change: an oil company webpage, a news report, and two climate change organizations with competing views on climate change. The students evaluated the sources at three time intervals based on 1. a screenshot of each source; 2. full web access to each source and prompted with critical questions to answer; and 3. after a whole class discussion about each source. Having the opportunity to evaluate the sources three times led students to modify their reliability ratings. Findings also reveal challenges some participants had differentiating between facts and opinions as well as distinctions in what they determined to be evidence in a source.