bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel guidewire‐integrated embolic protection filter device with a handy‐folding system: In vitro and in vivo performance assessment
Authors: Watanabe Hiroki , Saito Naritatsu , Nagata Yoshimasa , Yamamoto Erika , Nakatsuma Kenji , Bingyuan Bao , Watanabe Shin , Tazaki Junichi , Kimura Takeshi , Inoue Kanji 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectivesWe developed a novel guidewire‐integrated filter device with a handy‐folding system (IFD: Inoue filter device). In vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to evaluate the feasibilityof the IFD.BackgroundAlthough distal atheromatous and thrombotic embolizations remain unresolved critical issues during catheter interventions, distal protection devices are infrequently used partly because of reduced lower maneuverability.MethodsIn the in vitro experiment, we created an experimental circulation model composed of silicone latex tubes, a reservoir, and a roller pump. After the filter device was deployed in the tube, polystyrene fluorescent microspheres were injected and the capture rate was calculated. Ten trials were performed using the IFD and Spider FX. In the in vivo study, five independent operators deployed, and they retrieved the IFD in swine common iliac and internal carotid arteries. The procedural success rate as well as the delivery and retrieval time was evaluated.ResultsIn the in vitro study, the mean capture rate was 94% and 35% in the IFD and Spider groups, respectively. In the in vivo study, all procedures were successful, with no complications. The mean delivery time was 281 ± 87 s and 194 ± 67 s and the mean retrieval time was 24 ± 9 and 13 ±1 s in the left internal carotid and the left common iliac arteries, respectively.ConclusionAlthough further studies and improvements are required, the study results indicate that the IFD is feasible.
Three‐Dimensionally Hierarchical Pt/C Nanocomposite with Ultra‐High Dispersion of Pt Nanoparticles as a Highly Efficient Catalyst for Chemoselective Cinnamaldehyde Hydrogenation
Authors: Hu Duo , Fan Wenqian , Liu Zhi , Li Ling 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA monolithic carbon‐supported Pt nanocomposite with an interconnected three‐dimensionally hierarchical porous carbon framework and ultra‐high dispersion of Pt nanoparticles (Pt/3DHPC) is synthesized by using an effective “liquid phase impregnation template” strategy. The obtained Pt/3DHPC possesses rich mesoporosity and a low amount of oxygen‐containing functional groups, which notably improve the accessible internal surface area of macropores, number of active Pt sites, and electron transfer ability. When used as a catalyst for the selective cinnamaldehyde (CMA) hydrogenation towards cinnamyl alcohol (CMO), Pt/3DHPC exhibits high CMA conversion (92.7 %) and CMO selectivity (91.1 %) at 1 h reaction time, and the corresponding activity (1553.7 h−1) greatly surpasses not only the single‐sized mesoporous carbon and microporous activated carbon‐supported counterparts but also the previously reported Pt catalysts dispersed on other forms of carbon. Furthermore, Pt/3DHPC can be reused at least fifteen times without pronounced decay owing to the strong interaction between Pt and carbon. The present work demonstrates the validity of multiscale control in carbon‐supported Pt catalysts by overall consideration of the mass transportation, and the accessibility, quantity, and capability of active sites towards chemoselective hydrogenation of CMA, which is expected to be extended to other catalysis‐related processes.
Identification of Novel Bacterial Members of the Imine Reductase Enzyme Family that Perform Reductive Amination
Authors: France Scott P. , Howard Roger M. , Steflik Jeremy , Weise Nicholas J. , Mangas‐Sanchez Juan , Montgomery Sarah L. , Crook Robert , Kumar Rajesh , Turner Nicholas J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractReductive amination of carbonyl compounds constitutes one of the most efficient ways to rapidly construct chiral and achiral amine frameworks. Imine reductase (IRED) biocatalysts represent a versatile family of enzymes for amine synthesis through NADPH‐mediated imine reduction. The reductive aminases (RedAms) are a subfamily of IREDs that were recently shown to catalyze imine formation as well as imine reduction. Herein, a diverse library of novel enzymes were expressed and screened as cell‐free lysates for their ability to facilitate reductive amination to expand the known suite of biocatalysts for this transformation and to identify more enzymes with potential industrial applications. A range of ketones and amines were examined, and enzymes were identified that were capable of accepting benzylamine, pyrrolidine, ammonia, and aniline. Amine equivalents as low as 2.5 were employed to afford up to >99 % conversion, and for chiral products, up to >98 % ee could be achieved. Preparative‐scale reactions were conducted with low amine equivalents (1.5 or 2.0) of methylamine, allylamine, and pyrrolidine, achieving up to >99 % conversion and 76 % yield.
Online Flooding Supervision in Packed Towers: An Integrated Data‐Driven Statistical Monitoring Method
Authors: Liu Yi , Liang Yu , Gao Zengliang , Yao Yuan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe development of simple and efficient monitoring methods for flooding supervision is an important but difficult task for the safe operation of packed towers. A data‐driven online flooding monitoring method named Bayesian integrated dynamic principal component analysis (IDPCA) is assessed. In the first step of IDPCA, using the fuzzy c‐means clustering method, the multivariate samples collected during plant operation are first classified into several groups. Then, in each subset a dynamic principal component analysis (DPCA) model is constructed to extract the process characteristics. To improve the monitoring performance, Bayesian inference is utilized to combine these DPCA models in a suitable manner. Consequently, the control limits are formulated using the probabilistic analysis. The superiority of IDPCA is illustrated using a lab‐scale packed tower by comparison with the conventional principal component analysis (PCA) and DPCA methods.
Comparing the Dynamic Flow Properties and Compaction Properties of Pharmaceutical Powder Mixtures
Authors: Leaper Mark C. , Ali Kashaf , Ingham Andrew J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe dynamic flow properties and compaction characteristics of mannitol and mannitol‐sodium carbonate mixtures were measured using a Freeman FT4 powder rheometer. The results showed that the mixtures containing up to 30 % sodium carbonate had better flow properties and improved compaction characteristics when compared with mannitol alone. The mixtures were also analyzed using a shear cell, which gave flow functions that varied little between the samples. The feasibility of combining a more expensive pharmaceutical excipient with a cheaper ingredient is demonstrated, without compromising desired powder characteristics. The study may also provide a useful method for assessing the suitability of new formulations for application as direct compression bases, as part of a wider range of powder flow tests.
On the Kinetic and Thermodynamic Properties of Aryl Radicals Using Electrochemical and Theoretical Approaches
Authors: Koefoed Line , Vase Karina H. , Stenlid Joakim H. , Brinck Tore , Yoshimura Yuichi , Lund Henning , Pedersen Steen U. , Daasbjerg Kim 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this work, sampled‐current voltammetry performed on a series of aryldiazonium, diaryliodonium, and triarylsulfonium salts allows the determination of the reduction potential of aryl radicals in acetonitrile. Specifically, this is accomplished by measuring the number of electrons consumed in the reduction process as a function of the applied potential. For the phenyl, 4‐bromophenyl, and 4‐nitrophenyl radicals, the reduction potential is found to be −0.91±0.06, −0.90±0.10, and −0.98±0.06 V vs. SCE, respectively. Furthermore, from measurements on an extended series of substituted compounds, it is concluded that the substituent effect on the reduction potential is small, which can be explained by the σ nature of the aryl radical as evidenced from theoretical calculations. At the same time this yields a mean value for the reduction potential of the aryl radical of −0.87 V±0.03 V vs. SCE. Determination of the intrinsic barrier and the standard potential from the data obtained are more uncertain since it is unknown to which extent the competing reference reaction, the electrochemical grafting reaction, is affected by the applied potential. From calculations using density functional theory, the intrinsic barrier for the reduction of the phenyl radical is determined to be 0.32 eV.
Pacman Compounds: From Energy Transfer to Cooperative Catalysis
Authors: Lang Philipp , Schwalbe Matthias 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this Concept article we present the syntheses and application of homo and heterodinuclear “Pacman” compounds. This architecture implies that two metal coordination fragments are brought in close vicinity to each other via a covalent linkage to either support energy transfer between the two units or cooperative transformation of a substrate. Nature has shown that the combination of metal fragments, in particular two different metals, can dramatically improve the efficiency of small molecule activation. We exemplify this strategy for the activation of water, dioxygen and carbon dioxide. Furthermore, we present artificial systems in which a positive effect on the catalytic performance because of the combination of two (different) metal centers could be observed. Thus, Pacman‐type compounds are very well suited as structural and functional models for their biological counterparts.
Total Synthesis of Strychnine
Authors: Lee Geun Seok , Namkoong Gil , Park Jisook , Chen David Y.‐K. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe total synthesis of the flagship Strychnos indole alkaloid, strychnine, has been accomplished. The developed synthetic sequence features a novel vinylogous 1,4‐addition, a challenging iodinium salt mediated silyl enol ether arylation, a palladium‐catalyzed Heck reaction, and a streamlined late‐stage conversion to strychnine. Furthermore, an application of asymmetric counterion‐directed catalysis (ACDC) in the context of target‐oriented organic synthesis has been rendered access to an optically active material. The synthetic sequence described herein represents the most concise entry to optically active strychnine to date.
Synthesis and in vitro Biological Evaluation of Ferrocenyl Side‐Chain‐Functionalized Paclitaxel Derivatives
Authors: Plażuk Damian , Wieczorek Anna , Ciszewski Wojciech M. , Kowalczyk Karolina , Błauż Andrzej , Pawlędzio Sylwia , Makal Anna , Eurtivong Chatchakorn , Arabshahi Homayon J. , Reynisson Jóhannes , Hartinger Christian G. , Rychlik Błażej 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTaxanes, including paclitaxel, are widely used in cancer therapy. In an attempt to overcome some of the disadvantages entailed with taxane chemotherapy, we devised the synthesis of ferrocenyl‐functionalized paclitaxel derivatives and studied their biological properties. The cytotoxic activity was measured with a panel of human cancer cell lines of various tissue origin, including multidrug‐resistant lines. A structure–activity study of paclitaxel ferrocenylation revealed the N‐benzoyl‐ferrocenyl‐substituted derivative to be the most cytotoxic. In contrast, substitution of the 3′‐phenyl group of paclitaxel with a ferrocenyl moiety led to less potent antiproliferative compounds. However, these agents were able to overcome multidrug resistance, as they were virtually unrecognized by ABCB1, a major cellular exporter of taxanes. Interestingly, the redox properties of these ferrocenyl derivatives appear to play a less important role in their mode of action, as there was no correlation between intracellular redox activity and cytotoxicity/cell‐cycle distribution. The antiproliferative activity of ferrocenyl taxanes strongly depends on the substitution position, and good tubulin polymerization inducers, as confirmed by molecular docking, were usually more cytotoxic, whereas compounds with stronger pro‐oxidative properties exhibited lower antiproliferative activity.
Projecting species’ vulnerability to climate change: Which uncertainty sources matter most and extrapolate best?
Authors: Steen Valerie , Sofaer Helen R. , Skagen Susan K. , Ray Andrea J. , Noon Barry R. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSpecies distribution models (SDMs) are commonly used to assess potential climate change impacts on biodiversity, but several critical methodological decisions are often made arbitrarily. We compare variability arising from these decisions to the uncertainty in future climate change itself. We also test whether certain choices offer improved skill for extrapolating to a changed climate and whether internal cross‐validation skill indicates extrapolative skill. We compared projected vulnerability for 29 wetland‐dependent bird species breeding in the climatically dynamic Prairie Pothole Region, USA. For each species we built 1,080 SDMs to represent a unique combination of: future climate, class of climate covariates, collinearity level, and thresholding procedure. We examined the variation in projected vulnerability attributed to each uncertainty source. To assess extrapolation skill under a changed climate, we compared model predictions with observations from historic drought years. Uncertainty in projected vulnerability was substantial, and the largest source was that of future climate change. Large uncertainty was also attributed to climate covariate class with hydrological covariates projecting half the range loss of bioclimatic covariates or other summaries of temperature and precipitation. We found that choices based on performance in cross‐validation improved skill in extrapolation. Qualitative rankings were also highly uncertain. Given uncertainty in projected vulnerability and resulting uncertainty in rankings used for conservation prioritization, a number of considerations appear critical for using bioclimaticSDMs to inform climate change mitigation strategies. Our results emphasize explicitly selecting climate summaries that most closely represent processes likely to underlie ecological response to climate change. For example, hydrological covariates projected substantially reduced vulnerability, highlighting the importance of considering whether water availability may be a more proximal driver than precipitation. However, because cross‐validation results were correlated with extrapolation results, the use of cross‐validation performance metrics to guide modeling choices where knowledge is limited was supported.
Selective regimes and functional anatomy in the mustelid forelimb: Diversification toward specializations for climbing, digging, and swimming
Authors: Kilbourne Brandon M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAnatomical traits associated with locomotion often exhibit specializations for ecological niche, suggesting that locomotor specializations may constitute selective regimes acting on limb skeletal traits. To test this, I sampled 42 species of Mustelidae, encompassing climbing, digging, and swimming specialists, and determined whether trait variation reflects locomotor specialization by performing a principal components analysis on 14 forelimb traits. In addition to Brownian motion models, three Ornstein–Uhlenbeck models of selective regimes were applied to PC scores describing trait variation among mustelids: one without a priori defined phenotypic optima, one with optima based upon locomotor habit, and one with a single phenotypic optimum. PC1, which explained 43.8% of trait variance, represented a trade‐off in long bone gracility and deltoid ridge length vs. long robustness and olecranon process length and distinguished between climbing specialists and remaining mustelids. PC2, which explained 17.4% of trait variance, primarily distinguished the sea otter from other mustelids. Best fitting trait diversification models are selective regimes differentiating between scansorial and nonscansorial mustelids (PC1) and selective regimes distinguishing the sea otter and steppe polecat from remaining mustelids (PC2). Phylogenetic half‐life values relative to branch lengths suggest that, in spite of a strong rate of adaptation, there is still the influence of past trait values. However, simulations of likelihood ratios suggest that the best fitting models are not fully adequate to explain morphological diversification within extant mustelids.
Last and corresponding authorship practices in ecology
Authors: Duffy Meghan A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAuthorship is intended to convey information regarding credit and responsibility for manuscripts. However, while there is general agreement within ecology that the first author is the person who contributed the most to a particular project, there is less agreement regarding whether being last author is a position of significance and regarding what is indicated by someone being the corresponding author on a manuscript. Using an analysis of papers published in American Naturalist, Ecology, Evolution, and Oikos, I found that: (1) the number of authors on papers is increasing over time; (2) the proportion of first authors as corresponding author has increased over time, as has the proportion of last authors as corresponding author; (3) 84% of papers published in 2016 had the first author as corresponding author; and (4) geographic regions differed in the likelihood of having the first (or last) author as corresponding author. I also carried out an online survey to better understand views on last and corresponding authorship. This survey revealed that most ecologists view the last author as the “senior” author on a paper (i.e., the person who runs the research group in which most of the work was carried out), and most ecologists view the corresponding author as the person taking full responsibility for a paper. However, there was substantial variation in views on authorship, especially corresponding authorship. Given these results, I suggest that discussions of authorship have as their starting point that the first author will be corresponding author and the senior author will be last author. I also suggest ways of deciding author order in cases where two senior authors contributed equally.
Naming diversity in an evolutionary context: Phylogenetic definitions of the Roucela clade (Campanulaceae/Campanuloideae) and the cryptic taxa within
Authors: Crowl Andrew A. , Cellinese Nico 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn recent times, evolution has become a central tenet of taxonomy, but nomenclature has consistently been decoupled from the tree‐thinking process, often leading to significant issues in reconciling traditional (Linnaean) names with clades in the Tree of Life. Recent evolutionary studies on the Roucela clade, a group of endemic plants found in the Mediterranean Basin, motivated the establishment of phylogenetic concepts to formally anchor clade names on the Campanuloideae (Campanulaceae) tree. These concepts facilitate communication of clades that approximate traditionally defined groups, in addition to naming newly discovered cryptic diversity in a phylogenetic framework.
Fungal community homogenization, shift in dominant trophic guild, and appearance of novel taxa with biotic invasion
Authors: Anthony M. A. , Frey S. D. , Stinson K. A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractInvasion by non‐native plants may fundamentally restructure the soil fungal community. The invasive plant, Alliaria petiolata, produces secondary compounds suppressive to mycorrhizal fungi and may therefore be expected to have generally negative effects on other components of the fungal community. Here, we compared fungal biomass, diversity, community composition, and the relative abundance of fungal trophic guilds, along with edaphic properties of soils collected from uninvaded and invaded plots across six temperate forests. Invaded plots were differentiated from uninvaded plots by lower variation in fungal community composition (beta diversity) and soil properties, higher fungal richness and community evenness (alpha diversity), and a suite of novel saprotrophic and pathotrophic fungi that were consistently present across the invaded landscape and absent from uninvaded forest patches. Invaded plots also had lower ectomycorrhizal but higher saprotrophic and pathotrophic relative abundance, despite there being no difference in fungal biomass between invasion statuses. We hypothesize that shifts in the fungal community with invasion may directly impact plant disease response, soil nutrient cycling processes, and plant performance of the invasive and native plant communities.
Pre‐damage biomass allocation and not invasiveness predicts tolerance to damage in seedlings of woody species in Hawaii
Authors: Lurie Matthew H. , Barton Kasey E. , Daehler Curtis C. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPlant‐herbivore interactions have been predicted to play a fundamental role in plant invasions, although support for this assertion from previous research is mixed. While plants may escape from specialist herbivores in their introduced ranges, herbivory from generalists is common. Tolerance traits may allow non‐native plants to mitigate the negative consequences of generalist herbivory that they cannot avoid in their introduced range. Here we address whether tolerance to herbivory, quantified as survival and compensatory growth, is associated with plant invasion success in Hawaii and investigate traits that may enhance tolerance in seedlings, the life stage most susceptible to herbivory. In a greenhouse experiment, we measured seedling tolerance to simulated herbivory through mechanical damage (50% leaf removal) of 16 non‐native woody plant species differing in invasion status (invasive vs. non‐invasive). Seedlings were grown for 2 weeks following damage and analyzed for biomass to determine whether damaged plants could fully compensate for the lost leaf tissue. Over 99% of all seedlings survived defoliation. Although species varied significantly in their levels of compensation, there was no consistent difference between invasive and non‐invasive species. Seedlings of 11 species undercompensated and remained substantially smaller than control seedlings 2 weeks after damage; four species were close to compensating, while one species overcompensated. Across species, compensation was positively associated with an increased investment in potential storage reserves, specifically cotyledons and roots, suggesting that these organs provide resources that help seedlings re‐grow following damage. Our results add to a growing consensus that pre‐damage growth patterns determine tolerance to damage, even in young seedlings which have relatively low biomass. The lack of higher tolerance in highly invasive species may suggest that invaders overcome herbivory barriers to invasion in other ways, such as resistance traits, or that herbivory does not play an important role in the seedling invasion dynamics of these woody species in Hawaii.