bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yodoprofilaxis, 65 años después suenan las voces del pasado
Authors: Santiago fernandez Piedad 
Published: July 2017

En el año 1953 el Dr. Felipe Rodriguez Moreno se incorpora a continuar el trabajo sobre endemia bociosa de la escuela de Granada liderada por el Dr. Ortiz de Landázuri. en ese paisaje descubre una alta prevalencia de bocio (62% en mujeres) y esta alta prevalencia se relacionaba según el tipo de dieta consumida, de tal forma que los más desfvorecidos tenían una prevalencia de bocio aún mayor. Así mismo se encuentra una relación familiar en cuanto al bocio de tal forma que los sujetos con bocio normalmente tienen un familar en primer grado también afectado. El agua de bebida es pobre en yodo de forma generalizada por lo que no hay diferencia significativas en la prevalencia de bocio según la fuente de la que se surtan los piasanos. Solo se encontraron dos mujeres con cretinismo y dos varones afectados de "idiocia" por lo que cabe pensar que se trata de bocios normofuncionantes. Tras iniciar yodoprofilaxis con sal yodada en Güejar sierra se produce un descenso de la prevalencia de bocio de un 53% a un 13% entre los años 1953-1958.
Prevalencia de riesgo de desnutrición y desnutrición establecida en población ambulatoria, institucionalizada y hospitalizada en un departamento de salud
Authors: Hernández Mijares Antonio 
Published: July 2017

IntroducciónLa prevalencia de desnutrición relacionada con la enfermedad (DRE) varía según la población estudiada y los métodos empleados para el cribado, para la valoración nutricional y los criterios diagnósticos. ObjetivosDeterminar la prevalencia de riesgo nutricional y de desnutrición establecida, tipo y grado de la misma en población ambulatoria, hospitalizada e institucionalizada, en un departamento de salud. Material y métodosEstudio transversal y descriptivo con selección aleatoria de la muestra. A la población reclutada se le realizó el MUST como test de cribado para evaluar el riesgo nutricional y una valoración nutricional completa según los criterios dela ASPEN. Eltipo y grado de desnutrición se estableció interpretando los criterios del consenso SENPE-SEDOM. ResultadosLa prevalencia de riesgo nutricional encontrada con el MUST es del 28%. La prevalencia global de DRE encontrada es del 26,4% (ambulatorios: 2,8%, institucionalizados: 30,13%, hospitalizados: 30,2%). La mayor prevalencia de DRE se da en pacientes mayores de 75 años (74,3%). La desnutrición de tipo calórico y grado leve es la más frecuente en nuestra muestra (18% y 12,9% respectivamente). ConclusionesUno de cada cuatro pacientes de la muestra estudiada está desnutrido. La DRE es especialmente prevalente en el medio hospitalario y en los ancianos, afecta a uno de cada tres pacientes. Dada la prevalencia de desnutrición encontrada, es imprescindible la implementación sistemática de cribados nutricionales asociados a planes de acción terapéuticos.
Policy Support for Climate Risk Adaptation the Role of Microfinance
Authors: Pasaribu Sahat M. , Syukur Mat 
Published: July 2017

Agricultural development in Indonesia is being faced by the unpredictable climate situation. With such a high risk, however, Indonesia should be able to provide sufficient food for all of the people and access to food at affordable prices. In this regard, the climate field school is important to improve farmer’s konowledge to anticipate such climate change. While adapting to the climate change, agricultural activities should be protected and reduced the risk to the lowest possible level. Agricultural insurance is introduced to protect the farms, share the risk, and favor the farmers. Rice farm insurance, in particular, is applicable to share the risk of harvest failure caused by flood, drought and pest and disease infestations. Government support to provide subsidy for premium payment is encouraged. Such subsidy would be reduced gradually and integrated in the farm cost of production. In the absence of agricultural bank in Indonesia, microfinance institution is required to provide sufficient fund to cover cost of production. For a short-term follow up action, the current Rural Agribusiness Development Program (PUAP) is expected to help farmers through its microfinance institution in funding the farm activities. The role of microfinance is part of the climate change anticipation strategy and is very significant to help farmers to envisage the effect of harvest failure risk.
Pendekatan Desa Membangun di Jawa Barat: Strategi dan Kebijakan Pembangunan Perdesaan
Authors: Bachrein Saeful 
Published: July 2017

<p>Dalam upaya mempercepat pembangunan perdesaan, Bappeda Provinsi Jawa Barat telah merancang suatu terobosan pembangunan yang dikenal dengan program “Desa Membangun”, yaitu suatu pengembangan model pemberdayaan masyarakat dan aparat Desa dalam mewujudkan Desa Mandiri dan Sejahtera. Program tersebut dilaksanakan berdasarkan kebutuhan desa/wilayah (spesifik lokasi) yang bersifat holistik dan terintegrasi secara lintas sektor, dengan tetap memperhatikan efektifitas penyelenggaraan pemerintah desa dan sinergi alokasi program serta anggaran bantuan desa/masyarakat. Untuk itu, informasi terkait dengan kondisi pembangunan perdesaan saat ini (<em>existing</em>) sangat diperlukan sebagai dasar dalam merumuskan perencanaan model Desa Membangun yang mampu menjawab permasalahan dan mengantisipasi peluang serta tantangan yang muncul secara cermat. Implementasi program hendaknya dilaksanakan secara partisipatif dengan melibatkan seluruh <em>stakeholders</em> termasuk masyarakat dan aparat/perangkat Desa. </p>
Peluang dan Ancaman Perdagangan Produk Pertanian dan Kebijakan untuk Mengatasinya: Studi Kasus Indonesia dengan Ausralian dan Selandia Baru
Authors: Nuryanti Sri 
Published: July 2017

<p>Australia dan Selandia Baru meminta pembebasan bea masuk untuk produk–produk peternakan yang menjadi unggulan mereka seperti daging dan susu dalam kerangka kesepakatan perdagangan bebas bilateral Indonesia dengan Australia dan Selandia Baru. Sedangkan, Indonesia meminta Australia dan Selandia Baru untuk membuka pasar Tekstil dan Produk Tekstilnya (TPT). Persoalan adalah keinginan pihak Australia dan Selandia Baru memasukkan produk–produk peternakan ke Indonesia di satu pihak dan keinginan Indonesia mamasok produk TPT ke Australia dan Selandia Baru berpotensi memperlemah upaya pemerintah untuk merevitalisasi pertanian dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat petani. Produk pertanian Indonesia yang potensial dan berdaya saing di Australia dan Selandia Baru sebagian merupakan produk primer dari kopi, kelapa sawit, kakao, dan karet. Keempatnya menghadapi pesaing yang sama, yaitu Malaysia dan Thailand. Meskipun impor Indonesia dari Australia dan Selandia Baru kecil, Indonesia akan menghadapi ancaman ketergantungan bahan pangan dan kerentanan bagi ekonomi peternak domestik. Rencana pembebasan bea masuk impor daging, susu, dan produk susu dari Australia dan Selandia Baru dapat berdampak buruk bagi perekonomian petani tanaman pangan, perkebunan dan peternakan di dalam negeri. Apabila Indonesia membuka pasar untuk produk pertanian dari Australia, akan ada jutaan petani yang dikorbankan dengan membanjirnya produk pertanian impor tersebut. Petani lokal harus disiapkan terlebih dulu dengan program yang mendukung serta kepastian pasar agar dapat bersaing di pasar domestik. </p>
Diseminasi di BPTP: Pemikiran Inovatif Transfer Teknologi Spesifik Lokasi
Authors: Sarwani Muhrizal , Jamal Erizal , Subagyono Kasdi , Sirnawati Enti , Hanifah Vyta W. 
Published: July 2017

Semakin besarnya tuntutan terhadap BPTP terkait diseminasi teknologi spesifik lokasi, memerlukan penelaahan yang seksama tentang bagaimana seharusnya kegiatan diseminasi yang efektif dilakukan. Penelaahan dilakukan melalui review terhadap kegiatan diseminasi yang selama ini telah dilaksanakan BPTP, baik terkait dengan pengujian teknologi spesifik lokasi, maupun kegiatan BPTP dalam mengawal program strategis Kementerian Pertanian, seperti Prima Tani dan SL-PTT. Disamping itu, pengalaman kegiatan diseminasi juga diperkaya melalui kegiatan kerjasama dengan pihak asing seperti PRO-ACIAR, FEATI, IRRC, dan IPNI. Hasil telaahan menunjukkan bahwa: (a) pelaksanaan kegiatan cenderung dibuat seragam untuk semua BPTP dan kurang memberi ruang pada BPTP untuk menginisiasi suatu pola atau pendekatan yang khas wilayah sehingga rasa memiliki terhadap kegiatan/program yang diintroduksi relatif kecil dan dalam banyak kasus pelaksanaannya terjebak dalam pendekatan proyek, (b) hampir semua kegiatan tidak didukung oleh suatu data base dan dokumentasi yang baik, terutama terkait dengan stock inovasi yang tersedia, data kelompok sasaran yang diperbaharui secara berkala, dan hasil yang didapat serta data dukung lainnya, dan (c) pengkajian dan diseminasi belum terencana dalam satu agenda yang saling mengait, termasuk pengkajian untuk percepatan diseminasi suatu inovasi. Perbaikan ke depan dapat dilakukan dengan memberi keleluasaan bagi BPTP untuk merencanakan kegiatan diseminasi, dengan memperhatikan keterkaitan antara kegiatan pengkajian-diseminasi-penyebaran informasi, sehingga indikator pencapaian untuk masing-masing porsi kegiatan tersebut dapat diukur dengan jelas. Pengembangan sistem informasi diseminasi inovasi teknologi spesifik lokasi menjadi sangat penting untuk dikedepankan.
Kelayakan Finansial Sistem Integrasi Sawit-Sapi melalui Program Kredit Usaha Pembibitan Sapi
Authors: Ilham Nyak , Saliem Handewi P. 
Published: July 2017

<p>Pakan merupakan faktor penting dalam usaha sapi potong. Sumber pakan potensial yang belum banyak dimanfatkan adalah lahan di bawah tanaman kelapa sawit dan limbah perkebunan dan industri kelapa sawit. Kawasan perkebunan kelapa sawit, merupakan alternatif sebagai kawasan baru pengembangan sapi potong sistem integrasi tanaman ternak. Diharapkan dukungan Program Kredit Usaha Pembibitan Sapi dapat mempercepat mendorong berbagai <em>stakeholder</em> untuk mengembangkan kawasan itu. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kelayakan finansial usaha sapi potong yang diintegrasikan dengan perkebunan kelapa sawit dengan berbagai pola pengusahaan ternak. Analisis di lakukan berdasarkan studi sebelumnya terkait dengan integrasi usaha ternak sapi dengan tanaman sawit. Usahatani pembibitan sapi yang diintegrasikan dengan perkebunan sawit memberikan keuntungan dengan nilai R/C berkisar 1,05 – 2,84. Secara finansial usaha tersebut layak dikembangkan dengan nilai IRR berkisar antara 21 – 29 persen, nilai B/C antara 1,35 – 2,67, dan lama pengembalian modal 4,91 – 6,4 tahun. Diharapkan pemerintah dapat lebih mendorong pihak pengusaha perkebunan terlibat sebagai avalis, fleksibilitas persyaratan perbankan dan pihak Badan Pertanahan Nasional melakukan sertifikasi untuk mendukung mengembangkan usaha pembibitan sapi yang terintegrasi dengan perkebunan sawit. </p>
A Practical Application of Pipeline Surveillance and Intrusion Monitoring System in the Niger Delta: The Umugini Case Study
Authors: Fagbami Debo , Echem Chukwudi , Okoli Amaechi , Mondanos Michael , Bain Andy , Carbonneau Patrice , Martey Amarquaye 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Nigeria is Africa's biggest crude producer but its revenue is severely reduced by theft and attacks on oil pipelines that significantly impacts crude production and fuel supply. Substantial efforts have taken place in collaboration with local communities, producers and oil operators to engage New Technologies in a bid to combat oil theft and pipeline sabotage.
Integrity monitoring of oil and gas pipeline pipelines can quickly identify a leak or third-party incursion event. Distributed optical fibre sensing offers a pipeline monitoring system that is not available with any other technology. Early detection of a leak or intrusion together with the accurate identification of the location allows time for either safe shutdown or rapid dispatch of security, assessment and clean-up personnel giving benefits in terms of reduced environmental impact and reduced helth risks to the local population. An effective and appropriately implemented monitoring system can easily pay for itself through reduced product loss, potential consequential losses and an increase in public confidence.
A Distributed surveillance system one of the first installed in Nigeria will be introduced. The System has been introduced to the Umugini pipeline, a crude oil evacuation route for four Nigerian marginal field producers in the western Niger Delta. The system uses the FALCON Platform developed by Xenergi. The system includes intrusion detection and leak detection based on both acoustic and temperature variations. At the heart of the system are both the Ultima™ Distributed Temperature Sensor (DTS) and Distributed Acoustic Sensor (intelligent DAS) allowing coverage of ranges up to 10's km continuously.
The project had to overcome a number of challenges, including the variable installation conditions imposed by the terrain & local climate, contractors unfamiliar with the technology and community concerns. Overcoming these issues gave a system that delivers 24/7 coverage of the Umigini pipeline from a single monitoring location giving the operator financial benefits in reduced product loss and more efficient deployment of resources.
The Silixa intelligent Pipeline Surveillance System (iPSS™) allows oil & gas pipeline operators to continuously and simultaneously monitor for leaks and threats to the pipeline along its entire length, and is the only system that can offer such complete coverage. Utilising fibre optics and underpinning the detection technology is Silixa's world leading Ultima & intelligent DAS, (iDAS™). The iPSS brings together this advanced technology, applies sophisticated processing and presents vital information through an easy to use interface.
Performance Analysis of a Selectively Completed Horizontal Well
Authors: Seyide Hunyinbo Olumuyiwa 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Horizontal wells are generally perforated along a well profile of interest in order to establish flow across the casing for entry of formation fluids into the wellbore, while limiting sand production from unconsolidated reservoirs, wellbore collapse and early water or gas production. In open hole horizontal wells, the formation produces uniformly with no flow convergence towards the wellbore, and productivity index is constant along the horizontal section of the well. However, selective perforations result in multiple flow convergence regions along the wellbore, resulting in a pseudoskin effect which reduces well productivity. Hence, there is the need for optimization of a horizontal well productivity by designing the appropriate number and length of perforation intervals with minimal pseudoskin.
This paper analyses the effect of selective completion on the inflow performance of a horizontal well with the aid of a reservoir simulation model (developed using EclipseTM black oil simulator) and the simple approximation method developed by Guerra and Yildiz which initially modelled selectively perforated vertical wells. Guerra and Yildiz's procedures were modified for a horizontal well under the assumption that the horizontal well is producing from a thin oil rim, allowing for a dominant radial flow.
Four (4) case scenarios were used for sensitivity analysis and it was observed that both the numerical and approximation models show similar trends in performance indices. The results obtained also indicate that for the same percentage length open to flow, the higher the number open intervals, the larger the productivity index until the increment becomes insignificant, therefore subject to optimization.
Decision Based History Matching: A Quick, Efficient, and Effective Way to Explain and Predict Unexpected Water Breakthrough and Trends in the W10 Reservoir, Dotun Field, Deepwater Nigeria
Authors: Ghosh Ankush , Ikwueze Obinna , Olatunji Idris , Chukwuneke Chinenye , Ikomi John , Chima Chima 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
History matching is an inverse modeling technique in which production-driven changes in reservoirs (pressure/saturation) are used to calibrate reservoir model properties and thus narrow down the associated uncertainty ranges, such that historical dynamic data is honored within acceptable tolerance, which results in subsurface models that are adequate for production forecasts & development planning. This paper summarizes an iterative history matching technique carried out to better understand early water breakthrough and observed water-cut trend in the W10 reservoir of Dotun field developed through a recently drilled producer-injector well-pair. Early water breakthrough & high water-cut seen in the producer well can be explained by the existence of a strong aquifer and a high permeable conduit between the producer and the aquifer which may not be resolved by seismic. This assumption is supported by interference tests showing weak pressure communication between producer/injector and chemical analysis indicating that the formation is the source of the produced water. A decision based modeling approach was adopted whereby facies updates were iteratively carried out in the sector between the producer and the aquifer to achieve incremental improvement in Water Breakthrough Time and Water-Cut matches. Dynamic parameters like possible Contact uncertainty, Relative Permeability and Skin were also varied. For accurate flood front modelling, local grid refinement techniques were implemented. A reasonable history match was achieved with a shallower contact, a facies realization replicating continuation of a high permeability streak between producer and aquifer, significant aquifer strength and dynamic local grid refinement. The model was history matched with four months of post-water-breakthrough production data and the robustness of the technique has been validated by actual well performance (post study) with simulation predictions. The exercise also suggests that the pressure support at current production rates is maintained mostly by the aquifer and that the injector could indeed be redundant.
Fracture Width Prediction and Loss Prevention Material Sizing in Depleted Formations Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Solomon Okoro , Adewale Dosunmu , Anyanwu Chima 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The need for operators of Oil and Gas assets to maintain depleting reserves have led to the development of new productive zones in mature fields. With new technology and improved understanding of the existing reservoirs, more discoveries within mature fields have been made requiring drilling activities to be performed below the existing mature fields. Drilling across previously produced intervals can be challenging as the depleted layers (or low pressure zones) have narrow margins between the pore pressure and fracture pressure gradients resulting in drilling problem as lost circulation.
To drill through such intervals successfully, loss prevention materials are incorporated in the drilling fluid as a preventive measure as against a corrective approach after experiencing losses. The sizing of loss prevention materials is however hinged on the accurate prediction of the induced fracture widths.
In this study, Artificial Neural Network (a subset of artificial intelligence) is utilised to construct a tool to predict the width of induced fractures and determine the sizing for loss prevention materials. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is trained and validated using a limited 30-point input data set. This resulted in a squared correlation of 79%. The results from the ANN is compared with existing 2D fracture models and benchmarked against experimental results published in literature.
Flow Station Location As a Critical Factor in the Siting of a Modular Crude Oil Refinery – A Case Study of a Modular Refinery in Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Adewuyi Daniel O. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The process of selecting a location to establish a modular refinery is just as intricate as designing one. Of the numerous factors and conditions to consider when siting a modular refinery, crude oil sourcing plays a vital role in refinery efficacy and profitability, with pressure drop in pipelines posing a significant threat. Other factors that are considered in the bid of siting a modular refinery include product market outlets, environmental and political factors as well as proximity to industrial hubs.
The subject of this paper is a modular refinery located in Kwale, Delta State, with a capacity of 20,000 bpd. The refinery receives the bulk of its feed crude oil from Bonny flow station, Niger Delta. The modular refinery also receives feed crude oil from the in-situ production from its marginal fields.
This paper entails a conceptual establishment of a common flow station from which six modular refineries with equal capacity of 20,000 bpd receive feedstock from. The six refineries are sited at different locations, with regular intervals of 10 km from the flow station.
The pressure drops along the six pipelines were independently determined after considering a host of factors and variables using the Darcy-Weisbach equation, Reynolds Number, Churchill Equation and the Colebrook Equation. From the pressure drop profile along each pipeline (consisting of the kinetic, friction and elevation factors), pumps are designed and installed to ensure optimum performance of the pipelines.
The financial data (cost of construction of buried coated pipe, cost of screw pumps) used to carry out the economics of this project was obtained from Chevron Nigeria Limited, Piping Department, 2016.
The total capital cost needed to establish the modular refineries were plotted against flow station-refinery distances. From the plot, a model was developed to accurately determine the variation in the cost of establishing a modular refinery for every kilometer it is sited away from the source of the crude oil, keeping other factors such as the chemical composition of the crude being transported or the operational conditions of the network constant.
It is a general rule of thumb that the closer a plant is to its source of feedstock the more efficient and economical it would be. This paper helps to accurately determine how critical the flow station location could be as a factor in the siting of a modular crude oil refinery.
Optimizing Gas Fields Using Integrated Asset Modeling: OML58 Upgrade Case Study
Authors: Mechergui Aymen , Onumaegbu Ignatius , Ekpenyong Daniel 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Integrated Asset Modeling (IAM) has now become widely used for oil and gas production optimization. It has the advantage of integrating constraints from reservoir, well inflow and outflow, pipelines, compressors and processing facilities in one integrated simulation model. IAM is also a powerful tool for decision making and planning, it allows a quick and comprehensive assessment of geosciences uncertainties combined with different development strategies.
This paper describes how IAM is a key for OML58 gas fields optimization and forecast. It has proven its ability to identify potential benefits of upgrading surface facilities to ensure sustainable gas supply to the Nigeria Liquefied Natural Gas Plant (NLNG) and the domestic market. The OML58 upgrade project comprised the increase of gas compression capacity and the construction of two major pipelines: The Obite-Ubeta-Rumji (OUR) pipeline and the Northern Option Pipeline (NOPL). The commissioning and start-up was completed in August 2016 and the first domestic gas supply to the Alaoji Power Plant was achieved in October 2016, marking an important milestone for Total E&P Nigeria Limited (TEPNG) and its joint venture partner NNPC.
The paper also highlights the importance of OML58 IAM in addressing both short and long term challenges. The model is used to maximize condensate production using an algorithm that automatically prioritizes high condensate wells in forecast stage. It also guides the planning and the optimization of well intervention for both data acquisition and production enhancement. In long term perspective, the paper illustrates the flexibility to perform the screening of different infill/workover drilling options, the integration of undeveloped gas fields and the preliminary assessment of gas explorationprospects.