bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spending on Education And Its Impact on Poverty Alleviation in Iraq For The Period (2004 – 2021)
Authors: Ali Farhan* Haider , Mahdi Abbas AlBirmani Salah 
Published: October 2024

The research aimed to find out the role of spending on education in alleviating poverty in Iraq for the period (2021_2004) and developing appropriate solutions to alleviate poverty, as well as the research sought to measure the role of spending on education in Iraq during the selected period of (2021_2004), based on the premise that although the percentage of current spending of public spending is large, the percentage of spending on education is small, so its contribution was weak in alleviating poverty in Iraq, As the spending on education in Iraq during the research period was affected by many shocks and critical and difficult conditions, the most important of which is the fluctuation of oil prices and the long wars against terrorism, as well as the Corona virus, all of this had an impact on oil prices and therefore public expenditures in Iraq are primarily related to oil prices because they are the first financier of public spending in Iraq, and the result is that what is directed to spending on education is little and did not contribute significantly to poverty alleviation in Iraq , Where the analytical method and the standard method were used in data analysis.

Paper type: Research paper
REVITALISASI PENGEMBANGAN WISATA TAMAN KUTUKAN
Authors: Ulfa Nanik , Sya’adhatul Arroyni Ya’kup  
Published: October 2024

Salah satu cara untuk mengatasi urbanisasi dari desa ke kota adalah pengembangan objek yang berpontesi untuk tempat pariwisata yang ada di pedesaan. Namun perlu adanya usaha untuk mengatasi masalah yang ada pada umumnya. Sebenarnya hal paling perlu diperhatikan terlebih dahulu adalah tingkat kesadaran dari pemerintah desa dan masyarakat sekitar terhadap pentingnya mengembagkan potensi potensi yang ada di daerahnya. Karena setiap daerah pasti memiliki daya Tarik atau potensi masing masing , namun perlu dilakukan suatu perancangan strategi atau pengelolaan untuk mengembangkan potensi di daerahnya agar mendapat daya Tarik dari pengunjung. Sedangkan di Desa Rejosari sekarang ini sedang mengembangkan sebagian potensi potensi tersebut dari objek wisata di Dusun Kutukan hingga beberapa produk UMKM yang ada di Desa Rejosari. Karena potensi-potensi tersebut masih perlu dikembangkan lagi melalui partisipasi dari pemerintah desa dan masyarakat sekitar, sehinga kami memilih untuk melakukan kegiatan dengan membuat menara atau monumen kincir angin di Taman Kutukan untuk mengembangkan wisata dan membantu sebagian UMKM yang ada untuk menambah daya tarik pengunjung di bidang kuliner. Dan untuk melakukan pengembagan wisata yang ada di Taman Kutukan kami dibantu oleh masyarakat sekitar wisata agar kegiatan tersebut berjalan dengan lancar.
PEMBINAAN KAPASITAS MANAJEMEN “UMKM GO DIGITAL” DI KABUPATEN BOGOR
Authors: Min Fadlillah Alnisa , Fadila Ardhiani , Husniati Renny 
Published: October 2024

Pengadian ini bertujuan untuk membantu pelaku UMKM Pribumi di Kabupaten Bogor agar dapat meningkatkan kapasitas manajemen usahanya dengan Go Digital menyesuaikan perkembangan teknologi saat ini. Tim pengabdi mengadakan pembinaan (pelatihan dan pendampingan) kepada para pelaku UMKM secara digitaliasi. Materi yang kami berikan berupa materi terkait manajemen pemasaran (rebranding produk, digital marketing), Blue Ocean Strategy, Kanvas Strategi, dan manajemen keuangan (financial techonology). Kegiatan secara sekeluruhan meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan SDM UMKM dalam menjalankan bisnis secara berkelanjutan
Penerapan TTG Koceng 4.0 Sebagai Alat Pengusir Hama Tikus Bertenaga Surya Untuk Perlindungan Hama Di Desa Mitra Jatirejoyoso Kepanjen
Authors: Aripriharta  , Rui Alfadel Saputra  , Siti Zubaidah  , Hendra Susanto  , Agusta Rakhmat Taufani  , Muhammad Adib Amin  , Satria Adiguna  
Published: October 2024

Serangan tikus pada tahun 2021 mencapai 58.443 ha, meningkat 0,37% dari tahun sebelumnya (58.229 ha) dan 7,7% dari rerata 5 tahun terakhir (54.266 ha). Lima provinsi dengan serangan tertinggi Januari - Juni: Jawa Timur, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Barat, Lampung, dan Sulawesi Selatan. Tikus memiliki sensitivitas terhadap gelombang ultrasonik karena memiliki kemampuan mendengar pada rentang frekuensi antara 5-60 kHz. Namun, dalam situasi khusus, tikus dapat mendengar hingga frekuensi 100 kHz. Perancangan alat ini menggunakan panel surya 100 WP, Inverter 500 Watt, Baterai 12V 20 Ah, SCC sebesar 10 A dan frame panel surya. Untuk tempat pemasangan ini bertempatkan di area tanaman padi dan tanaman jagung.
Uji coba kali ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui berapa lama waktu pengisian yang dibutuhkan pada baterai jika dilakukan dari 0 – 100%. Uji coba ketahanan baterai menggunakan 2 beban, berupa beban AC dan DC. Penggunaan beban AC berupa 1 alat pengusir hama tikus dan beban DC 1 buah lampu LED dengan jumlah masing masing daya 7 Watt. Penguji cobaan dilakukan secara bergantian, mulai dari beban AC dari kondisi baterai 100%-20%, begitu juga sebaliknya penggunaan beban DC dari kondisi baterai 100%-20%.
IMPLEMENTASI PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH TEMPE BERBASIS ZERO WASTE SEBAGAI PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR (POCARI) DI DESA SEDENGANMIJEN KRIAN SIDOARJO
Authors: Mega charisma Acivrida 
Published: October 2024

Limbah merupakan sisa hasil dari proses kegiatan, yang mana jika dibiarkan secara terus menerus akan menumpuk sehingga mencemari lingkungan dan habitat alam. Produk olahan juga dapat menjadi penghasil limbah, salah satun diantaranya adalah limbah cair hasil olahan tempe. Kondisi ini terjadi di Desa Sedengan Mijen – Krian di mana para pengusaha tempe bisa menghasilkan 2-3 drum limbah cair hasil olahan tempe. POCARI atau singkatan dari Pupuk Organik Cair adalah pupuk yang berasal dari fermentasi limbah tempe cair dengan tambahan molase atau tetes tebu dan bakteri EM4. Bakteri EM4 adalah singkatan d dari Effective Micro-organisme 4 yang fungsinya untuk mempercepat fermentasi dari limbah tempe cair. Tim P2MD BEM Universitas Anwar Medika melihat bahwa keadaan ini dapat menjadi peluang untuk membuat produksi POCARI (Pupuk Organik Cair) yang dapat berguna sebagai produk pupuk unggulan di Desa Sedengan Mijen, Krian. Tujuan P2MD ini yaitu untuk mendorong masyarakat memanfaatkan limbah tempe menjadi pupuk organik cair. POCARI adalah Kegiatan Program Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa (P2MD) Badan Eksekutif Mahasiswa Universitas Anwar Medika. Kegiatan P2MD telah berjalan mulai bulan Agustus sampai November 2023. Kegiatan yang telah dilakukan selama program P2MD adalah diskusi kelompok tim P2MD, survey lapangan, diskusi dengan pemerintah Desa Sedenganmijen, sosialisasi program, pendampingan pembuatan POCARI, pembuatan green house, aplikasi penggunaan POCARI pada tanaman, memproduksi pupuk organik cair, melakukan pemasaran produk melalui market pleace, dan evaluasi pertumbuhan tanaman.
Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Preferensi Makanan pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Andalas
Authors: Nur Nadia Chalida , Lova Luvia Milda , Symond Denas 
Published: October 2024

A person's food preferences can be influenced by various factors, including individual characteristics, food characteristics, and environmental characteristics. The study conducted aimed to determine the relationship between several factors, such as money allowance, food expenditure, parents' occupation, nutrition knowledge, food availability, and sensory appeal, and the food preferences of students in the Public Health Faculty at Andalas University. This quantitative study used a cross-sectional design. The research was conducted from June to July 2023. The sample consisted of 100 students who were selected using proportional stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires on money allowance, food expenditure, nutritional knowledge, food availability, sensory appeal, and food preferences. The chi-square test was used for data analysis. The study found that money allowance (p-value=0.030), food expenditure (p-value=0.001), and nutrition knowledge (p-value=0.009) were significantly related to students' food preferences. The father’s occupation (p=1,000), mother’s occupation (p=0.549), food availability (p=0,643), and sensory appeal (p=0.643) had no significant relationship with students' food preferences. It is recommended that students consider rational factors when making decisions about their food preferences.

Keywords: food expenditure, food preferences, pocket money, sensory appeal.
Computational identification and characterization of chitinase 1 and chitinase 2 from neotropical isolates of Beauveria bassiana
Authors: Segura-Vega Juan , González-Herrera Allan , Molina-Bravo Ramón , Solano-González Stefany 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundThe fungus Beauveria bassiana is widely used for agronomical applications, mainly in biological control. B. bassiana uses chitinase enzymes to degrade chitin, a major chemical component found in insect exoskeletons and fungal cell walls. However, until recently, genomic information on neotropical isolates, as well as their metabolic and biotechnological potential, has been limited.MethodsEight complete B. bassiana genomes of Neotropical origin and three references were studied to identify chitinase genes and its corresponding proteins, which were curated and characterized using manual curation and computational tools. We conducted a computational study to highlight functional differences and similarities for chitinase proteins in these Neotropical isolates.ResultsEleven chitinase 1 genes were identified, categorized as chitinase 1.1 and chitinase 1.2. Five chitinase 2 genes were identified but presented a higher sequence conservation across all sequences. Interestingly, physicochemical parameters were more similar between chitinase 1.1 and chitinase 2 than between chitinase 1.1 and 1.2.ConclusionChitinases 1 and 2 demonstrated variations, especially within chitinase 1, which presented a potential paralog. These differences were observed in their physical parameters. Additionally, CHIT2 completely lacks a signal peptide. This implies that CHIT1 might be associated with infection processes, while CHIT2 could be involved in morphogenesis and cellular growth. Therefore, our work highlights the importance of computational studies on local isolates, providing valuable resources for further experimental validation. Intrinsic changes within local species can significantly impact our understanding of complex pathogen-host interactions and offer practical applications, such as biological control.
The effect of titanium surface treatment by application of constant potential or current on the viability of pre-osteoblast cells: an in-vitro study
Authors: Cai Wenji , Wang Min , Hadad Amir Ei , Zhang Yuli , Tran Simon D. , Shurbaji Samar , Nasrallah Gheyath K. , Sanz Mariano , Omanovic Sasha , Tamimi Faleh 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the impact of electrochemical treatment of a titanium surface employing constant current and potential on the viability of the tissue cells attached to the surface and determining the safety limits for this type of treatment.MethodsPre-osteoblast cells (pOB) were cultured and seeded onto titanium discs. The cell-seeded discs were then exposed to a range of contant direct electrical potentials (-6V–6V) or contant direct electrical currents (−12.5 mA, −25 mA, or −50 mA) using a three-electrode system connected to a potentiostat. Cell viability was assessed using live/dead assay and fluorescence microscopy.ResultsExposure of cells to high negative potentials caused cell detachment, while exposure to positive ones led to cell death on the cpTi surfaces. However, cellular viability was preserved when the electrical potentials were kept between −3 and +3 V. Cells retained 80% viability when subjected to −12.5 mA currents with an initial pOB cell count of 5 × 104. However, when the initial cell count was elevated to 1 × 105, the cells demonstrated the ability to withstand an even greater current (−25 mA) while preserving their vitality at the same level.ConclusionTreatment of a titanium dental implant surface employing constant potential or current can harm cells surrounding dental implants. However, this damage can be minimized by keeping the potential within a safety limit.
Selective and fast oxidation of alcohol to aldehyde using novel catalytic deep eutectic solvent surfactants
Authors: Shokr Chalaki Bahareh , Azizi Najmedin , Mirjafary Zohreh , Saeidian Hamid 
Published: October 2024

Deep eutectic solvent (DES) has been considered as a useful catalyst and reaction medium for various organic transformations. Herein, we report the catalytic application of novel deep eutectic solvent- based surfactant (DES surfactant) for the selective and fast oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes. The readily accessible DES surfactants (FeCl3/BHDC) was prepared using inexpensive ferric chloride (FeCl3) and benzyl hexadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride in a simple manner. The synthesized FeCl3/BHDC was characterized using various techniques, including, FTIR spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy- dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to determine its structure. The catalytic activity of FeCl3/BHDC in the selective oxidation of various alcohols to corresponding aldehyde derivative was investigated. The results showed the reaction could be completed within very short reaction times ranging from 2 to 15 min, while achieving good to excellent yields. This protocol offers a facile strategy and excellent efficiency in selectively oxidizing various alcohol derivatives to their respective aldehydes and ketones, utilizing hydrogen peroxide in the presence of catalytic DES surfactant.
Levels of high-sensitive troponin T and mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin after COVID-19 vaccination in vulnerable groups: monitoring cardiovascular safety of COVID-19 vaccination
Authors: Pudasaini Samipa , Le Ngoc Han , Huscher Dörte , Holert Fabian , Hillus David , Tober-Lau Pinkus , Kurth Florian , Sander Leif Erik , Möckel Martin 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundCOVID-19 vaccines are well tolerated and effective but may have adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. Vaccine-associated myocardial injury was analysed by measuring high-sensitive troponin T (hsTnT); mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM) levels were evaluated to assess endothelial dysfunction.MethodsThis was a prospective study with a vulnerable population of healthcare workers (HCWs) and elderly patients (&gt;70 years) who were vaccinated with either one dose of ChAdOx1 nCov-19 adenoviral vector vaccine (AZ) followed by one dose of the BNT162b2 messenger RNA vaccine (BNT), or with two doses of BNT (12th of January - 30th of November 2021). HsTnT and MR-proADM were measured in blood samples at three visits (V1: 1st immediately before vaccination; V2, 3: 3–4 weeks after 1st and 2nd vaccination). HsTnT of HCWs was compared to a healthy reference population.ResultsN = 162 volunteers were included (V1 = 161; V2, V3 = 162 each). N = 74 (45.7%) received AZ/BNT and n = 88 (54.3%) received BNT/BNT [elderly: n = 20 (12.3%), HCWs: n = 68 (42.0%)]. Median hsTnT levels were 4 ng/L, 5 ng/L and 4 ng/L (V1-V3) for AZ/BNT and at 5 ng/L, 6 ng/L and 6 ng/L (V1-V3) for BNT/BNT. Compared to the reference population (n = 300), hsTnT was significantly higher at all visits for both vaccination groups (p &lt; 0.01), without differences between the AZ/BNT and BNT/BNT cohort. Median MR-proADM values were 0.43 nmol/L, 0.45 nmol/L, 0.44 nmol/L (V1-V3) in the AZ/BNT cohort and 0.49 nmol/L, 0.44 nmol/L, 0.47 nmol/L for BNT/BNT, respectively. Change of median hsTnT and MR-proADM between visits did not show significant increases. One HCW experienced a permanent and three a transient hsTnT increase ≥14 ng/L.ConclusionNo overall subtle, persistent cardiovascular involvement was observed after the 2nd COVID-19 vaccination. Elevated cardiovascular biomarkers in clinically asymptomatic individuals need further investigations.
Improvement of the outcome of the saphenous vein graft when connected to the internal thoracic artery
Authors: Katsavrias Konstantinos , Prapas Sotirios , Calafiore Antonio M. , Taggart David , Angouras Dimitrios , Iliopoulos Dimitrios , Di Mauro Michele , Papandreopoulos Styliani , Zografos Panayiotis , Dougenis Dimitrios 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundSince 2000, we have been grafting the right coronary artery system (RCAs) using the proximal portion of the right internal thoracic artery (RITA) as the inflow of the saphenous vein graft (SVG) to increase the number of patients undergoing beating heart complete myocardial revascularization.MethodsFrom 2000 to 2022, 928 consecutive patients underwent SVG on the RCAs. In 546 patients (58.8%), the inflow was the RITA (I-graft group), and in 382 patients (41.2%), the inflow was the aorta (Ao-graft group). The inclusion criteria were age ≤75 years, ejection fraction &gt;35%, only one SVG per patient, bilateral internal thoracic arteries as a Y-graft on the left system (three-vessel disease, n = 817, 88.0%) or left internal thoracic artery on the left anterior descending artery and RITA + SVG on the RCAs (two-vessel disease, n = 111, 12.0%). Propensity matching identified 306 patients per group. After a median follow-up of 8 (5–10) years, graft patency was assessed by coronary computed tomographic angiography in 132 patients (64 in the I-graft group and 68 in the Ao-graft group).ResultsEarly results were similar in both groups. The I-graft group had higher 10-year survival and freedom from main adverse cardiac events (90.0 ± 2.0 vs. 80.6 ± 3.8, p = 0.0162, and 81.3 ± 2.7 vs. 64.7 ± 5.6, p = 0.0206, respectively). When RITA was the inflow, SVG had a higher estimated 10-year patency rate (82.8% ± 6.5 vs. 58.8% ± 7.4, p = 0.0026) and a smaller inner lumen diameter (2.7 ± 0.4 vs. 3.4 ± 0.6 mm, p &lt; 0.0001).ConclusionWhen the inflow is the RITA, SVG grafted to the RCAs (I-graft) may result in a higher patency rate and better outcome than when the inflow is the ascending aorta (Ao-graft). The continuous supply of nitric oxide by RITA may be the cause of the higher patency rate of the I-graft, which can behave like an arterial conduit.
A method for calculating saturation in tight sandstone reservoirs based on the dual porosity model
Authors: Xin Yi , Duan Wei , Han Chuang , Bie Kang , Zhao Xinjian , Ai Yong , Zhao Peiqiang 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionWith the continuous development of exploration and development, tight sandstone reservoirs have become an essential field of oil and gas exploration. The tight sandstone reservoirs are characterized by complex lithology, poor pore structure, and strong heterogeneity, which bring great difficulties to formation evaluation by well logs. Especially, the accuracy of the Archie formula for calculating the water saturation of tight sandstone reservoirs containing fractures is not high, saturation evaluation faces greater challenges. Therefore, how to calculate the saturation of tight sandstone reservoirs more accurately is an urgent problem to be solved.MethodsIn this paper, the tight sandstone reservoirs of the Jurassic Ahe Formation in the Tarim Basin were taken as the research area. A saturation model that combines the effects of shale and fractures was proposed. Specifically, if the shale content is more than 20%, the Indonesian formula is used to calculate the saturation. If the shale content is less than 20%, the dual porosity model is adopted. Based on the rock resistivity and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiment results, the porosity and T2 logarithmic mean values are selected as influencing factors to calculate the key parameters of the dual porosity model.Results and DiscussionThe saturation of tight sandstone reservoirs in the Jurassic Ahe Formation of the Tarim Basin is calculated through the method proposed in this paper. The case study shows that the accuracy of the proposed method is higher than that of the Archie model. The method proposed in this paper demonstrates excellent adaptability in the quantitative evaluation of saturation for tight sandstone reservoirs.
Associations of gestational thyrotropin levels with disease progression among pregnant women with differentiated thyroid cancer: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Li Xin , Fu Peng , Xiao Wu-Cai , Mei Fang , Zhang Fan , Zhang Shanghang , Chen Jing , Shan Rui , Sun Bang-Kai , Song Shi-Bing , Yuan Chun-Hui , Liu Zheng 
Published: October 2024

PurposePregnant women with a diagnosis of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) were potentially high-risk but largely ignored study population. We aimed to explore whether gestational thyrotropin levels were associated with progression of DTC.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study at Peking University Third Hospital in Beijing, China from January 2012 to December 2022. We included pregnant women with a pre-pregnancy DTC managed by active surveillance (under-surveillance DTC) or surgical treatment (after-surgery DTC). Dynamic changes of gestational thyrotropin levels across multiple time points were characterized by both statistical (average level, change instability, longitudinal trajectory) and clinical (thyroid dysfunction, thyrotropin suppression, and achievement of thyrotropin suppression target) indicators. Outcomes were clinician-validated progression of DTC, measured separately for patients under surveillance (tumor enlargement or lymph node metastasis) and those after surgery (≥ 3 mm growth in the size of existing metastatic foci, development of new lymph node metastases, ≥ 2 mm growth in the size of existing cancer foci in the contralateral thyroid, or biochemical progression).ResultsAmong 43 and 118 patients with under-surveillance and after-surgery DTC, we observed no evidence of associations between any of the quantitative or clinical indicators of gestational thyrotropin levels and progression-free survival, after a median of 2.63 (IQR: 0.90-4.73) and 4.22 (2.53-6.02) year follow-up, respectively (all P values &gt; 0.05).ConclusionsGestational thyrotropin levels appeared to play a minor role in the progression of under-surveillance or after-surgery DTC. Clinicians might focus on the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes when optimizing thyrotropin levels for pregnant women with a diagnosis of DTC.