bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atividades de educação ambiental no Projeto Rondon: uma estratégia multiplicadora de transformação
Authors: Oliveira Milina , Romão de Oliveira Adrielly , Spohr Zielinski Marielli Roberta , Da Silva Custódio Deyse , Corrêa Magalhães Filho Fernando Jorge 
Published: December 2017

A proposta realizada para o “portal Amazônia”, por meio do projeto Rondon, foi constituída de oficinas expositivas no período de 27 de janeiro a 09 de fevereiro de 2014. As ações foram implementadas pela Universidade Católica Dom Bosco (UCDB), que atuou por meio de um professor e três acadêmicas da área de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental. Este artigo consta o relato das experiências vivenciadas no município de Tocantinópolis – TO/Brasil, através da extensão acadêmica com contexto que traz aplicação acadêmica e prática do conhecimento, acrescentando novos valores humanos e visando a melhoria das condições de vida e a capacitação de multiplicadores. A ação teve como resultados a interação da comunidade onde foram aplicadas atividades, tanto para os jovens estudantes da cidade, quanto para os pequenos indígenas, firmando o compromisso do projeto, na perspectiva de uma juventude sustentável, promovendo dessa forma melhoria na formação dos acadêmicos e favorece o exercício do compromisso social. Interações como as que ocorrem durante o Projeto Rondon fazem com que cada rondonista reflita sobre sua formação não apenas enquanto profissional, mas certamente como cidadão.
Effectiveness and limitations of parameter tuning in reducing biases of top-of-atmosphere radiation and clouds in MIROC version 5
Authors: Ogura Tomoo , Shiogama Hideo , Watanabe Masahiro , Yoshimori Masakazu , Yokohata Tokuta , Annan James D. , Hargreaves Julia C. , Ushigami Naoto , Hirota Kazuya , Someya Yu , Kamae Youichi , Tatebe Hiroaki , Kimoto Masahide 
Published: December 2017

Abstract. This study discusses how much of the biases in top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiation and clouds can be removed by parameter tuning in the present-day simulation of a climate model in the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) generation. We used output of a perturbed parameter ensemble (PPE) experiment conducted with an atmosphere–ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) without flux adjustment. The Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate version 5 (MIROC5) was used for the PPE experiment. Output of the PPE was compared with satellite observation data to evaluate the model biases and the parametric uncertainty of the biases with respect to TOA radiation and clouds. The results indicate that removing or changing the sign of the biases by parameter tuning alone is difficult. In particular, the cooling bias of the shortwave cloud radiative effect at low latitudes could not be removed, neither in the zonal mean nor at each latitude–longitude grid point. The bias was related to the overestimation of both cloud amount and cloud optical thickness, which could not be removed by the parameter tuning either. However, they could be alleviated by tuning parameters such as the maximum cumulus updraft velocity at the cloud base. On the other hand, the bias of the shortwave cloud radiative effect in the Arctic was sensitive to parameter tuning. It could be removed by tuning such parameters as albedo of ice and snow both in the zonal mean and at each grid point. The obtained results illustrate the benefit of PPE experiments which provide useful information regarding effectiveness and limitations of parameter tuning. Implementing a shallow convection parameterization is suggested as a potential measure to alleviate the biases in radiation and clouds.
A institucionalização da educação em questão
Authors: Flickinger Hans-Georg 
Published: December 2017

O texto reflete acerca das atuais tendências políticas e organizacionais em andamento e suas implicações sobre a mudança de rumos da educação no Brasil e na Alemanha. O autor preocupa-se em avaliar o quanto essas
mudanças contribuem para a descaracterização da educação como processo de formação (Bildung) e, especialmente, as suas consequências para o dia a dia profissional. Inicia com a identificação das políticas recentemente
impostas ao campo educacional, esclarece a base constitucional nos dois países e, na sequência, assinala algumas armadilhas dessas políticas. Por fim, aponta para a verdadeira amplitude dos problemas causados por tais
políticas, com destaque para a ideologização, a subsidiariedade e a filantropia.
The genus Synaldis Foerster, 1863 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Alysiinae) in the Neotropical region: first record, descriptions of new species and a key to the New World taxa
Authors: Peris-Felipo Francisco Javier , Belokobylskij Sergey A. 
Published: December 2017

The genus Synaldis Foerster, 1863 is recorded in the Neotropical region for the first time. Five new Neotropical species, S. brasiliense Peris-Felipo, sp. nov., S. fritzi Peris-Felipo, sp. nov., S. longiflagellaris Peris-Felipo, sp. nov., S. magnioculis Peris-Felipo, sp. nov., and S. novateutoniae Peris-Felipo, sp. nov., are described and illustrated. The original combination for Synaldis ulmicola Ashmead, 1889 stat. rev. is proposed. A key for the determination of the all New World Synaldis species is provided.
Particle and Gas Emission Characterization from Oil and Oil-Dispersant Contaminated Sea Waters due to Breaking Waves
Authors: Afshar-Mohajer Nima , Li Cheng , Rule Ana Maria , Katz Joseph , Koehler Kirsten 
Published: December 2017

Crude oil spill incidents occur frequently, leaving seawater bodies with a verity of occupational, ecological and environmental issues from the local to global scale. Application of sub-surface dispersants to the oil contaminated water in order to break up the oil into smaller droplets has been gaining popularity in recent years as an intervention strategy. However, the use of dispersants may also have impacts on the generation and size distribution of aerosolized droplets, as well as changes in emitted gases when subjected to natural processes such as rains, winds and waves.
In this study, systematic real-time measurements of total VOC (TVOC), particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and aerosol size distribution from 10 nm to 20 μm were conducted over a wave tank containing seawater, seawater plus crude oil, or seawater plus crude oil and dispersant. All experiments were performed using a wave tank (L = 6 m, W = 0.3 m and D = 0.6 m) and sensitivity analyses were conducted on key parameters including wave type, wave frequency and concentration of the added contaminants. Using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis, major VOC and PAH emitting gases were determined to be hexane, cyclohexane, heptane, toluene, benzene and xylene, several of which are known carcinogens. Length of wave stroke was found to be the most influential parameter in increasing the number concentration of nano-sized particles, with the majority of the aerosolized particles smaller than 15 nm. An average of 10 times increase in TVOC concentration in the air above the water surface was observed after contaminating the sea water by 3.5 mL oil-dispersant mixture (dispersant to oil ratio of 1:25) compared to seawater alone. Wave creation led to 40 times increase in TVOC concentration (~400 times higher than the non-contaminated calm sea water). A micro-bubble generating set-up was used to evaluate whether bubble bursting was the generation mechanism of these nano-sized aerosols. Findings from this study will help to assess the risk of exposure to particulate and gases emissions from oil spills both occupationally (e.g., clean-up workers) and environmentally (e.g., people in nearby residential areas).
Does the current global training curriculum meet the needs of exploration and production?
Authors: Montgomery Aaron , Peach Dennis 
Published: December 2017

It is widely understood that oil spill training is a key facet to preparedness but does the current global training curriculum meet the needs of exploration and production? And how do we ensure any training meets a suitable basic standard.
Many operators lean towards the IMO's suite of oil spill response focussed courses, however due to the need for any changes to be agreed by member states courses are slow to be updated. In addition to this the courses are heavily focused on shipping and furthermore the IMO are not an accrediting body. Some organisations do offer accreditation of these courses but they are accredited against a national equivalent standard, again focussing on shipping, not ideal for exploration and production operations outside the country of national equivalence.
The largely shipping approach towards the existing globally focussed training curriculum also poses a challenge as source control of an incident alters from a defined amount and duration to an undetermined amount and duration as well as being outside. This then requires a different approach to managing response strategy and some of the applied techniques for response.
Some regions offer specific exploration and production training structures such as The Department of Energy & Climate Change (DECC) in the United Kingdom. Some offer generic training which meets the needs of both shipping, exploration and production and a wider audience such as HAZWOPER in the United States but again, both these examples are regional and do not conform to a harmonised global approach to oil spill response training for exploration and production.
This abstract seeks to explore the existing training regimes, the areas that they cover and standards to which quality of training is measured against. It points towards a suggestion that industry is well set up for global training to shipping incidents but lacks a common approach and standards to which training for incidents involving exploration and production is delivered. Given the current and future level of exploration and production activity the question we need to ask is:
“Shouldn't we have a dedicated harmonised global training curriculum to oil spill response training for global exploration and production activities?”
Unannounced Drill Program: Testing Spill Management Team Capability through Vessel & Facility Oil Spill Contingency Plans
Authors: Shinn Cassidee , Stewart Joe , Addassi Yvonne 
Published: December 2017

California has approximately &gt;10,000 vessels calling its ports each year, and 200–300 facilities state wide, many of which are required to have a California Oil Spill Contingency Plan (Contingency Plan) on file with Office of Spill Prevention and Response (OSPR). Spill Management Teams (SMT), either staffed by Contingency Plan holders' employees or contracted out, and the use of the Incident Command System (ICS) structure must be described in these plans. OSPR introduced an unannounced SMT drill program (Program) in 2012 to ensure that Contingency Plan holders can successfully complete the proper initial notifications, activate their SMT, and use ICS in accordance with their approved Contingency Plan and California Code 820.01, Drills and Exercises.
There are multiple goals of this Program, including the enhanced capability of SMTs, OSPR, and other partners. This Program provides continued education and training for Contingency Plan holders and SMTs in an effort to bolster the initial response phase of an actual incident. Through these drills, SMTs must demonstrate that they could make proper notifications and decisions during an actual incident and be staffed with trained personnel in ICS to fill positions before State and Federal representatives respond. Additionally, SMTs should deploy resources listed in their approved Contingency Plans and ensure those resources are up to date, available, and sufficient. Furthermore, drills provide an opportunity for OSPR and SMTs to build relationships through testing these procedures, which should make the initial response more efficient and effective. Lastly, the drills are often conducted with representatives from United States Coast Guard and Environmental Protection Agency, both of which have their own drill programs. Working in conjunction with federal partners ensures continuity and fewer required drills of SMTs.
Since the beginning of the Program, SMTs continue to improve their response capabilities, validated by more successfully completed unannounced drills. OSPR has conducted 30 unannounced drills, all of which were on SMTs for marine facilities and vessels. With the expanded authority of OSPR to regulate facilities statewide in 2015, this Program will continue to grow. Ultimately, a more comprehensive Program should lead to enhanced SMT capability statewide, and therefore better protection of the State's natural resources overall.
The goal of this poster will be to describe: 1) the history and purpose of this Program; 2) the lessons learned and improvements of SMTs and Contingency Plans; and 3) the expansion of the Program from marine to statewide.
The Fate of PAHs Resulting from In-Situ Oil Burns
Authors: Fingas Merv 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
PAHs or Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons are ubiquitous in the environment and are found in crude oils. Many environmental PAHs are derived from combustion of many types including forest fires and barbeques. Some PAHs are toxic to biota and man. The concern addressed in this paper is the fate of PAHs found in crude oils when that oil is burned.
Crude oil burns result in PAHs downwind of the fire, mostly adsorbed to particulate matter, but the PAH concentration on the particulate matter, both in the plume and the particulate precipitation at ground level, is often an order-of-magnitude less than the concentration of PAHs in the starting oil. This includes the concentration of multi-ringed (5 or 6 rings) PAHs, which are often created in other combustion processes such as low-temperature incinerators and diesel engines. There is a slight increase in the concentration of multi-ringed PAHs in the burn residue. When considering the mass balance of the burn, however, most of the PAHs are destroyed by the fire. Destruction efficiencies are typically 99 % or greater.
Diesel fuel contains significant levels of PAHs of smaller molecular size, the 2 to 3-ring PAHs predominating. Burning diesel results in a greater concentration of pyrogenic PAHs of larger molecular sizes. Larger PAHs are either created or concentrated by the fire. Larger PAHs, some of which are not even detectable in the diesel fuel, are found both in the soot and in the residue; however, the concentrations of these larger PAHs are low and often just above detection limits. Overall, more PAHs are destroyed by the fires than are created. As with crude oil burns, the destruction efficiencies for diesel burns are typically 99 % or greater, but often less than those for crude oils. This paper will help to answer the question, are more PAHs destroyed by the fires than are created?
Optimized Airborne Oil Spill Remote Sensing: POSEIDON, the Quantitative Approach
Authors: Pinho Guilherme , Vagata Alessandro , Hengstermann Theo 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
Aerial surveillance is becoming a foundation on the overall oil spill response strategy due to the ability to plan and tactically position response resources in the optimal areas of oil migration. It takes a complete multitasking approach to effectively respond to oil spills. While much of the regulatory focus to date has been on the resources on the sea - vessels, skimmers, dispersants - the reality is that they are only one of the components and not necessarily the most important in combating oil spills. It is imperative to determine the location of oil that is most recoverable, and give quantitative information - thickness, volume, area, classification - whether day or night.
Having the right information at the right time optimizes dramatically the use of all the response resources. And assess the effectiveness of the response and make an accurate natural resources damage assessment is critical and requires as well quantitative and timely information.
In the past the main effort has been directed towards developing airborne sensors with enhanced spill monitoring capability. Recently, more and more attention has been paid to the automated processing of oil spill data acquired by integrated airborne sensor platforms. Automated processing and real time relay of immediately usable information to the Incident Command Center is critical during all phases of response.
This paper focuses on advanced data processing and presents ways of improving the usability of airborne multi-sensor oil spill monitoring systems. In this context, is given an overview of currently existing oil spill remote sensing technology like infrared/ultraviolet line scanners, microwave radiometers, laser fluorosensors and radar system. The paper presents POSEIDON, a system for network-based real-time data acquisition, analysis and fusion of multi-sensor data. Also, a method for the distribution of oil spill data and related data products using web-based geographical information systems is described; automated generation of thematic maps of the oil spill scene along with their real-time web-based distribution is becoming more important in marine incident management.
Round-Robin Testing of a New EPA Solidifier Effectiveness Protocol
Authors: Sundaravadivelu Devi , Conmy Robyn N. , Campo Pablo 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
A new laboratory testing protocol for evaluating effectiveness of solidifiers in removing crude oil slicks on the water surface has been developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Since an assessment of a testing protocol requires validation through an inter laboratory study with several independent research partners, a round-robin test was performed by five operators across two laboratories. The protocol was qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated to determine if it can satisfactorily differentiate product effectiveness, while still accounting for experimental and operational errors. Each operator evaluated the efficiency of six solidifier products with Arabian Light, Endicott and IFO 120 crude oils. All the experiments were carried out in triplicates and, additionally, an oil alone control sample was run for quality control purposes. The five operators were provided with all the supplies required to conduct the experiment and a detailed standard operating procedure. The results were collected and analyzed statistically to quantify repeatability and reproducibility.
The average repeatability and reproducibility standard deviations were 5.1, 2.7, and 3.3% and 11.2, 10.1, and 13.1% for Arabian Light, Endicott and IFO, respectively. The within-operator error was ≤ 5% regardless of operator and oil type. Due to the difficulty and uncertainty associated with the separation of the solidified and un-solidified mass, the between-operator error was around 10%. The oil alone control had an average repeatability and reproducibility standard deviation of 4.8 and 6.1%, respectively. The variability among operators was also examined with h-statistics and the differences in operator means were found to be statistically insignificant. The variability is deemed acceptable for purposes of differentiating effective from ineffective solidifier products in the laboratory. The results from this round robin experiment will serve as an initial screening tool for the solidifier products in the market and will also help response teams determine the desirability and appropriateness of using a specific solidifier for oil spill remediation.
A NOVEL METHODOLOGY FOR NET ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFIT ANALYSIS (SPILL IMPACT MITIGATION ASSESSMENT)
Authors: TAYLOR Peter M. , CRAMER Martin A. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
A key objective for any oil spill response is to minimize the impacts to ecological, socio-economic and cultural resources at risk. To that end, the contingency planners and incident managers have traditionally utilized a formal or informal Net Environmental Benefit Analysis (NEBA) for selecting the most appropriate response option(s) to minimize spill impacts and promote recovery. The processes used to conduct a NEBA have varied considerably between industry operators, though the outcomes in terms of strategy development have been similar. This variation in NEBA approaches can lead to challenges with communicating the underlying basis of response strategies to stakeholders. The oil industry published updated guidance in 2015 to explain the general principles of the NEBA process and facilitate stakeholder involvement. However, with industry’s increasing reliance on NEBA to enhance the transparency of response strategy development, a consistent methodology for conducting formal NEBAs was required.
In response to the above issue key industry Associations (API, IOGP and IPIECA) initiated a collaborative project on developing a qualitative NEBA methodology that can be utilized if other, fit-for-purpose NEBA methodologies are not applicable or available. Industry has also begun transitioning to a more representative term for the NEBA process which is Spill Impact Mitigation Assessment (SIMA). Therefore, the SIMA term is used henceforth but it is important to note that the method described herein is not exclusive to the SIMA term and, as with NEBA, only represents one of many approaches that can be utilized to conduct a SIMA.
This qualitative methodology is designed to give a consistent approach to larger or higher consequence oil spill scenarios, where multiple spill response options are being considered and a formal SIMA is warranted. Several industry spill response specialists and an independent expert participated in this project, resulting in the development of Guidance on Implementing Spill Impact Mitigation Assessment (IPIECA-IOGP-API 2017 in press).
An Overview of Volunteer Efforts during the Refugio Oil Spill Incident in Santa Barbara, California
Authors: Murphy Cindy , Doty Ima , Moore Andrea 
Published: December 2017

Abstract # 2017-168
Historically in California volunteers have been incorporated into oiled wildlife response since the late 1990s. Prior to the Refugio Oil Spill (ROS) incident in May 2015, California Department of Fish and Wildlife’s (CDFW) Office of Spill Prevention and Response (OSPR) had not managed Community Volunteers for non-wildlife activities, such as oiled shoreline cleanup. In the first days of the ROS event, members of the public who were interested in volunteering became frustrated, in part due to poor communication regarding volunteer use protocols and initial lack of an established volunteer management structure. Political expectations, in a highly urbanized and environmentally conscious community, also played a role. This paper will address, in part, how the public’s reaction to the ROS created an opportunity to test the Los Angeles / Long Beach Area Contingency Plan Non-Wildlife Volunteer Plan (LA/LB ACP - NWVP)1, and highlight lessons learned from the event and resulting changes to the volunteer program that have evolved.