bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroprotective effect of Decalepis hamiltonii on cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress in the mouse brain
Authors: Zarei Mahsa , Shivanandappa T. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Background: Cyclophosphamide (CP), one of the most widely used antineoplastic drugs, causes toxic side effects on vital organs including brain. In this study, we have investigated neuroprotective potential of the aqueous extract of the roots of Decalepis hamiltonii (DHA) against CP-induced oxidative stress in the mouse brain.

Methods: Swiss albino male mice were pre-treated with DHA (50 and 100 mg/kg b.w.) for 10 consecutive days followed by an injection with CP intraperitoneally (25 mg/kg b.w.) for 10 days 1 h after DHA treatment; 16 h later, they were euthanized, their brains were immediately removed, and biochemical and molecular analyses were conducted.

Results: The results indicated that injection of CP induced oxidative stress in the mouse brain as evident from the increased lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species, depletion of glutathione and reduced activities of the antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione-S-transferase. Treatment with DHA significantly mitigated the CP-induced oxidative stress. Moreover, expression of genes for the antioxidant enzymes was downregulated by CP treatment which was reversed by DHA.

Conclusions: In conclusion, DHA protected the brain from oxidative stress induced by CP, and therefore, it could be a promising nutraceutical as a supplement in cancer chemotherapy in order to ameliorate the toxic side effects of cancer drugs.
The Long March towards an International Legal Framework for Sovereign Debt Restructuring
Authors: Li Yuefen 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The lack of a formal sovereign debt restructuring legal framework has been considered by many as a serious deficit or missing link in the international financial architecture. However, even though the international debates on the topic have been going on for decades, heating up each time with the onset of a debt crisis and cooling down when the crises was contained, up to now such debates have not yet come to final fruition. Nevertheless the topic has never been put to sleep because of frequent and severe debt crises. These crises have never failed to demonstrate the need of a legal framework, even more so this time around. Yet, the international community chose to work on improvement of debt contracts even though it cannot redress the systemic and technical problems facing debt restructurings. In 2014, the United Nations started to work on a legal framework on debt restructuring facing political resistance and misconstrued fears of a legal framework. After more than a year’s hard work, the United Nations passed through vote a resolution on basic principles on debt restructuring processes. This is an important milestone, yet the march towards a formal legal framework is going to be long.
A reliable algorithm for KdV equations arising in warm plasma
Authors: Goswami Amit , Singh Jagdev , Kumar Devendra 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe aim of the present work is to propose a simple and reliable algorithm namely homotopy perturbation transform method (HPTM) for KdV equations in warm plasma. The homotopy perturbation transform method is a combined form of the Laplace transform method with the homotopy perturbation method. In this method, the solution is calculated in the form of a convergent series with an easily computable compact. To illustrate the simplicity and reliability of the method, several examples are provided. In this paper, the homotopy perturbation transform method has been applied to obtain the solution of the KdV, mKdV, K(2, 2) and K(3,3) equations. We compared our solutions with the exact solutions. Results illustrate the applicability, efficiency and accuracy of HPTM to solve nonlinear equations despite needlessness to any linearization or perturbation. It is predicted that the proposed algorithm can be widely applied to other nonlinear problems in science and engineering.
A Comparison of the Economic Growth of the Baltic States between the Two World Wars
Authors: Norkus Zenonas 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis paper contributes to cliometric research on the economic output of Finland, Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia between 1913 and 1938. For Finland, gross domestic product (GDP) values from Maddison project dataset are accepted. For Estonia, Arno Köörna’s and Jaak Valge’s estimates are endorsed with reservations for 1923–1924. According to an optimistic estimate, Lithuania’s GDP per capita was below all-Russian mean in 1913, but was not less than USSR level in 1938, while Gediminas Vaskela’s pessimistic estimate of the 1938 Lithuanian GDP implies its GDP growth underperformance. Using new sources, the first estimates of Latvia’s output for the 1913–1938 period in cross-country and cross-temporally comparable measurement units (1990 Geary Khamis international $) are substantiated. Under optimistic estimates of Lithuanian GDP growth, this country was on par with Finland in terms of annual growth rates, with Latvia following next and Estonia displaying the weakest growth performance.
Completed Optimised Structure of Threonine Molecule by Fuzzy Logic Modelling
Authors: Sahiner Ahmet , Ucun Fatih , Kapusuz Gulden , Yilmaz Nurullah 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
In this study we applied the fuzzy logic approach in order to model the energy depending on the two torsion angles for the threonine (C4H9NO3) molecule. The model is set up according to theoretical results obtained by the density functional theory (B3LYP) with a 6-31 G(d) basic set on a Gausian program. We aimed to determine the best torsion angle values providing the energy of the molecule minimum by a fuzzy logic approach and to compare them with the density functional theory results. It was concluded that the fuzzy logic approach gives information about the untested data and its best value which are expensive and time-consuming to obtain by other methods and experimentation.
Prolongation Structure of a Generalised Inhomogeneous Gardner Equation in Plasmas and Fluids
Authors: Xie Xi-Yang , Tian Bo , Sun Wen-Rong , Wang Yun-Po 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
In this article, the prolongation structure technique is applied to a generalised inhomogeneous Gardner equation, which can be used to describe certain physical situations, such as the stratified shear flows in ocean and atmosphere, ion acoustic waves in plasmas with a negative ion, interfacial solitary waves over slowly varying topographies, and wave motion in a non-linear elastic structural element with large deflection. The Lax pairs, which are derived via the prolongation structure, are more general than the Lax pairs published before. Under the Painlevé conditions, the linear-damping coefficient equals to zero, the quadratic non-linear coefficient is proportional to the dispersive coefficient c(t), the cubic non-linear coefficient is proportional to c(t), leaving no constraints on c(t) and the dissipative coefficient d(t). We establish the prolongation structure through constructing the exterior differential system. We introduce two methods to obtain the Lax pairs: (a) based on the prolongation structure, the Lax pairs are obtained, and (b) via the Lie algebra, we can derive the Pfaffian forms and Lax pairs when certain parameters are chosen. We set d(t) as a constant to discuss the influence of c(t) on the Pfaffian forms and Lax pairs, and to discuss the influence of d(t) on the Pfaffian forms and Lax pairs, we set c(t) as another constant. Then, we get different prolongation structure, Pfaffian forms and Lax pairs.
Positional proteomics reveals differences in N‐terminal proteoform stability
Authors: Gawron Daria , Ndah Elvis , Gevaert Kris , Van Damme Petra 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTo understand the impact of alternative translation initiation on a proteome, we performed a proteome‐wide study on protein turnover using positional proteomics and ribosome profiling to distinguish between N‐terminal proteoforms of individual genes. By combining pulsed SILAC with N‐terminal COFRADIC, we monitored the stability of 1,941 human N‐terminal proteoforms, including 147 N‐terminal proteoform pairs that originate from alternative translation initiation, alternative splicing or incomplete processing of the initiator methionine. N‐terminally truncated proteoforms were less abundant than canonical proteoforms and often displayed altered stabilities, likely attributed to individual protein characteristics, including intrinsic disorder, but independent of N‐terminal amino acid identity or truncation length. We discovered that the removal of initiator methionine by methionine aminopeptidases reduced the stability of processed proteoforms, while susceptibility for N‐terminal acetylation did not seem to influence protein turnover rates. Taken together, our findings reveal differences in protein stability between N‐terminal proteoforms and point to a role for alternative translation initiation and co‐translational initiator methionine removal, next to alternative splicing, in the overall regulation of proteome homeostasis.
Reversal of severe cognitive impairment following medical treatment of cystic invasive giant prolactinoma
Authors: Bukowczan J , Lois K , Mathiopoulou M , Grossman A B , James R A 
Published: February 2016

Summary
Giant prolactinomas are rare tumours of the pituitary, which typically exceed 40 mm in their largest dimension. Impairment of higher cognitive function has been noted post-operatively after transcranial surgery and as a long-term consequence of the radiotherapy treatment. However, there has been little that is reported on such disturbances in relation to the tumour per se, and to our knowledge, there has been none in terms of responsivity to dopamine agonist therapy and shrinkage in these tumours. We present a case of successful restoration of severely impaired cognitive functions achieved safely after significant adenoma involution with medical treatment alone.

Learning points

Giant prolactinomas can be present with profound cognitive defects.

Dopamine agonists remain in the mainstay first-line treatment of giant prolactinomas.

Mechanisms of the reversible cognitive impairment associated with giant prolactinoma treatment appear to be complex and remain open to further studies.

Young patients with giant prolactinomas mandate genetic testing towards familial predisposition.
Evidence Based Library and Information Practice Seeks Production Editor
Authors: Glynn Lindsay 
Published: February 2016

Evidence Based Library and Information Practice (EBLIP) is seeking a Production Editor to join its Editorial Team.

The Production Editor is responsible for the publishing function of the journal, including manuscript layout and formatting of content.

The ideal candidate will be able to work within short deadlines and dedicate focused time on issue production according to a set schedule. Solid knowledge of MS Word, Adobe Acrobat and basic HTML coding is essential as well as a demonstrated aptitude and comfort working in an online environment. This is an unpaid position.

Interested persons should send their resumes by October 1, 2007, to:

Lindsay Glynn
Editor-in-Chief
lglynn@mun.ca
(709) 777-6026
Crónica comunitaria: la actualidad institucional y económica de España en el marco de la Unión Europea
Authors: Iñarritu Ibarreche Beatriz 
Published: February 2016

<p><strong>Sumario</strong>: I. Introducción.—II. El estado de la integración. 1. La Unión Europea, Premio Nobel de la Paz. 2. La crisis de la Eurozona: Rescate a la banca española y entrada en vigor del tratado mede y del pacto fiscal. 3. Gobernanza económica: nuevos ciclos anuales del «semestre europeo» y del mecanismo de alerta de desequilibrios macroeconómicos 2013. 4. Ampliación de la UE: Inicio de negociaciones con Montenegro e informe anual sobre la ampliación.—III. La actualidad institucional de la Unión Europea. 1. Consejos Europeos y Cumbres del Euro: Pacto por el crecimiento y el empleo y acuerdos sobre la Unión Bancaria. 2. Comisión: Cambio de comisario maltés. 3. Banco Central Europeo: España pierde un puesto en el Comité Ejecutivo.—IV. Cuestiones generales de la actualidad económica. l. BCE: Rebaja de los tipos de interés. 2. Comisión: autorización de restricciones a España sobre ciudadanos rumanos. 3. Mercados Financieros: Cooperación re­ forzada para implantar la tasa sobre las transacciones financieras. 4. Política de Competencia: Sanción récord a los fabricantes de televisores. 5. MAGEFESA: Condena a España por no recuperar las ayudas ilegales a la empresa.</p>
Criterios y valoraciones políticas de la prensa
Authors: Beobide Ezpeleta Ignacio María 
Published: February 2016

Sumario: 1. Introducción. 2. Contexto electoral. 3. Análisis de los editoriales: datos y contenidos. 4. Análisis de las colaboraciones: consideraciones previas y datos. 4.1. Presupuestos teóricos del nacionalismo o nacionalismo vasco. 4.2. La definición del problema electoral y de Euskadi. 4.3. La legislatura o futuro postelectoral. 5. La opinión de la prensa: Las colaboraciones ante los partidos políticos. 6. Conclusiones.
Cómputo de algunos plazos en el concurso de acreedores
Authors: Gómez Martín Fernando 
Published: February 2016

Sumario: 1. Fase común. 1.1. Comunicación a acreedores.1.2. Prohibición nombramiento administrador concursal.1.3. Sanción por no aceptación del cargo. 1.4. Retribución.1.5. Rendición de cuentas. 1.6. Continuación y acumulación juicios declarativos. 1.7. Interrupción de la prescripción. 1.8. Contratos de trabajo. 1.9. Rehabilitación de contratos. 1.10. Informe de la administración concursal. 1.10.1. Presentación del informe. 1.10.2. Formulación de cuentas anuales. 1.10.3. Comunicación de créditos. 1.10.4. Publicidad e impugnación del informe. 1.11. Propuesta de convenio anticipado (trámite escrito).2. Fase de convenio. 2.1. Propuestas de convenio ordinario.2.2. Junta de acreedores. 2.3. Presentación de propuestas de convenio. 2.4. Oposición al convenio aprobado. 2.5. Cumplimiento de convenio. 2.6. Incumplimiento de convenio. 2.7. Conclusión del concurso. 3. Fase de liquidación. 3.1. Plan de liquidación.3.2. Informe. 4. Calificación del concurso. 4.1. Informe de la administración concursal. 4.2. Informe del Ministerio Fiscal.5. Clausura y reapertura. 5.1. Clausura. 5.2. Reapertura. 6. Derecho transitorio concursal. 6.1. Conclusión y reapertura del procedimiento. 6.1.1. Conclusión. 6.1.2. Reapertura. 6.1.2.1. Inventario y lista de acreedores. 6.1.3. Apertura de concurso por incumplimiento de convenio. 6.1.4. Convenio en la quiebra.6.1.5. Propuestas de convenio. 7. Suspensión de pagos. 8. Quiebra. Sección 1.ª Declaración de quiebra. Sección 2.ª Administración de la quiebra. Sección 3.ª Efectos de la retroacción de la quiebra. Sección 4.ª Examen, graduación y pago de los créditos contra la quebrada. Sección 5.ª Calificación de la quiebra y rehabilitación del quebrado. Sección 6.ª Del convenio entre los acrreedores y el quebrado<br />
El «regreso de Dios» a la política: las religiones «públicas»
Authors: Urrutia León Manuel María 
Published: February 2016

<p>Este artículo se acerca al fenómeno de la irrupción de las religiones en el ámbito público, que se produce a partir de finales de los años 1970 a lo largo del mundo. El objetivo de este trabajo es, por un lado, desarrollar los dos modelos típico-ideales de «religiones públicas» posibles, según sea la postura que la religión adopte respecto a la democracia y a la laicidad; y, por otro lado, replantear el paradigma de la secularización, que defendía la privatización de la religión, para que se haga cargo de aquella presencia pública de las religiones que sea legítima y aceptable para una sociedad democrática.</p>
Garantía del derecho a la tutela judicial efectiva en los sistemas principales de resolución de conflictos alternativos: arbitraje y mediación
Authors: Pérez-Ugena Coromina María 
Published: February 2016

<p>En este artículo se trata de delimitar el papel del Estado como garante de los derechos fundamentales en los casos en que la Justicia no se administre directamente por los órganos del Poder Judicial, sino mediante la utilización de sistemas alternativos de resolución de conflictos. Se analizan las acciones concretas que deben someterse al control propiamente jurisdiccional, para que, respetando el principio dispositivo en los conflictos entre particulares sobre materias que no afectan a la noción de orden público, la elección de las vías alternativas no conlleve demolición del inderogable principio de Tutela Judicial Efectiva. Ello nos conduce a delimitar los principios informadores de los principales sistemas alternativos, así como el control y ejecución de los laudos arbitrales y acuerdos de mediación</p>
El referéndum consultivo en España: reflexiones críticas y algunas propuestas de futuro
Authors: Requejo Rodríguez Paloma 
Published: February 2016

<p>La actual regulación del referéndum consultivo en el Art. 92 CE y en la Ley orgánica que lo desarrolla presenta algunas carencias merecedoras de reflexión. Más allá de la mejora de concretas cuestiones procedimentales, en términos de calidad democrática parece conveniente su potenciación, incorporando junto a estas consultas sobre decisiones políticas de especial trascendencia referéndums estatales de tipo legislativo y una referencia a otras consultas de ámbito autonómico y local y permitiendo a la ciudadanía poner en marcha estos instrumentos de participación directa. Varias proposiciones en tramitación siguen este camino, sin perjuicio de que, como aquí se intentará, se pueda aportar alguna sugerencia más al debate</p>
Espontaneidad y sencillez de la ideología de lo justo
Authors: Zorrilla Ruiz Manuel María 
Published: February 2016

<p>La plenitud del ordenamiento jurídico dota de un sistema de fuentes apto para facilitar una respuesta razonable y justa a las cuestiones de fondo suscitadas. Las ideologías que afluyen a esas aplicaciones tienen mucho que ver en ello. Son la causa y/o el efecto de los cambios inherentes al esfuerzo de transformación que sustituye la voluntad primitiva del legislador por la voluntad renovadora de la norma afectada por ese fenómeno. La sucesión de las ideología o sus derivaciones, muestra la grandeza y servidumbre de la influencia desencadenada sobre un ordenamiento jurídico exento de lagunas. Las rotaciones o interferencias producidas se registran un acceso instintivo a la ideología de lo justo, promueven las vías de su entendimiento saludable e introducen las ideas necesarias para culminar esta tarea laboriosa</p>
O que é a Alma? <br>What is the soul?
Authors: Silva Junior Ademar 
Published: February 2016

Este estudo focalizou uma visão prática para uma questão que muito intrigou grandes pensadores e filósofos da humanidade e em especial da antiga Grécia . A sua importância e a sua influência é tão relevante e tão significativa que hoje, nos tempos modernos o assunto é ainda de extremo valor, mas pouco estudado cientificamente já que a Modernidade tirou o homem do centro das principais discussões filosóficas. Para tanto, serviram de base, para esta análise, os estudos dos três grandes filósofos gregos (Sócrates, Platão e Aristóteles), e em especial as novidades do pensamento do cientista e filósofo Antonio Meneghetti.
Medicinal Plants Used in Liver Protection - A Review
Authors: Amit Roy  , Dayananda Bhoumik  , Ram Kumar Sahu  , Jaya Dwivedi  
Published: February 2016

Liver is the very important part of our body responsible for the maximum metabolic and secretory activities and therefore appears to be a sensitive target site for substances modulating biotransformation. Liver is also associated in detoxification from the exogenous and endogenous challenges like xenobiotics, drugs, viral infections and chronic alcoholism. The period and intensity of the pharmacological response to drugs is influenced by their metabolic rate and hence substances capable to modify drug metabolism would be able to change the result of drug therapy. During all such exposures to the above mentioned challenges, if the usual defensive mechanisms of the liver are overpowered, the effect is liver damage. Liver injury or liver dysfunction is a major health problem that challenges not only medical professionals but also the pharmaceutical company and drug regulatory authorities. Liver cell injury caused by various toxic chemicals like certain antibiotics, chemotherapeutic agents, carbon tetrachloride, thioacetamide, excessive alcohol consumption and microbes. Herbal medicines have been applied for the treatment of liver disorder for a lengthy period. Many herbal preparations are available in the market and therefore present review is aimed to compile the data on promising phytochemicals from medicinal plants that have been tested in hepatotoxicity models using modern scientific system.
Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Artocarpus altilis Against Human Pathogens
Authors: Jiyauddin K.  , Zulhabri O.  , Aishah U. A. M.  , Rasha S.  , Hamid K.  , M. Qamar  , S. Budiasih  , Jawad A.  , Samer A. D.  , M Kaleemullah  , Rasny M. R.  , Gamal O. E.  , Eddy Y.  , Fadli A.  , Junainah A. H.  
Published: February 2016

The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities have been performed using methanol fruit extract of Artocarpus altilis. Results of the phytochemical screening revealed that methanolic extract of A. altilis fruits contain flavonoids, phenols, steroids and glycosides. The investigation on these constituents was done using the phytochemical screening with modification. The soxhlet apparatus was employeded to extract the dried plant using methanol as a solvent. It was observed that the extract has characteristics of antioxidant using DPPH assay. The antibacterial and antifungal potential of methanolic fruit extract were studied against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella spp, Penicillium notatum, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. This test was performed by using disc-diffusion method with different concentrations of fruit extract. It was found that one bacterial species (i.e. Staphylococcus aureus) showed inhibition zone with maximum (zone of inhibition≈15mm) using 150 mg/ml of fruit extract. Methanolic extracts of A. altilis had no effect on growth of the remaining microorganisms. The phytoconstituents and characteristics of microorganisms might be responsible for the antimicrobial activity of the extract. Further purifications of secondary metabolites and structural studies may lead to the isolation of the active compounds.