bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variables associated with parent satisfaction with their child's pain management
Authors: Liversidge Xien Lei , Taylor David McD , Liu Bonnia , Ling Sophia Li‐Yiing , Taylor Simone Elise 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe provision of ‘adequate analgesia’ (which reduces the pain score by ≥2 and to <4 [0–10 scale]) is significantly associated with high levels of satisfaction with pain management among adult patients. We aimed to determine the variables (including ‘adequate analgesia’) associated with parent satisfaction with their child's pain management.MethodsWe undertook an observational, pilot study in a mixed, metropolitan ED. Patients aged 4–16 years with a triage pain score of ≥4 were enrolled. Data included demographics, presenting complaint, pain scores every 30 min, analgesia administered, time to first analgesia, provision of nurse‐initiated analgesia (NIA), and ‘adequate analgesia’, and parent satisfaction 48‐h post‐discharge (6 point scale: very unsatisfied – very satisfied).ResultsComplete data were collected on 185 patients: mean (SD) age 10.4 (3.6) years, weight 41.9 (17.8) kg; 93 (50.3%) were male. One hundred and ten (59.4%) parents were very satisfied with their child's pain management. Children of very satisfied parents had shorter times to analgesia than those who did not (median [interquartile range] 14 (33) vs 33 (46) min, respectively, P = 0.003). Parents whose children received NIA or ‘adequate analgesia’ were more often very satisfied than those whose children did not. However, the differences were not significant (difference in proportions: 13.2% [95% CI −1.9, 28.3], P = 0.07 and 10.2% [95% CI −5.02, 25.34], P = 0.16, respectively).ConclusionShort times to analgesia are associated with parent satisfaction. There were non‐significant trends towards high levels of satisfaction following the provision of NIA and ‘adequate analgesia’. These findings will inform a well‐powered study to confirm this association.
New Species of Cretolimonia and Mesotipula (Diptera: Limoniidae) from the Middle Jurassic of Northeastern China
Authors: Jiaqi GAO , Chungkun SHIH , Yunyun ZHAO , Dong REN 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTwo new species,Cretolimonia excelsa sp. nov. and Mesotipula gloriosa sp. nov., in Limoniidae of Diptera are described and illustrated, based on three fossil specimens with bodies and complete wings. These specimens were collected from the latest Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation at Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China. These are the first fossil records of these two genera from China.
Educational games as stand‐alone learning tools and their motivational effect on L2 vocabulary acquisition and perceived learning gains
Authors: Calvo‐Ferrer José Ramón 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAccording to different authors, computer games not only teach contents and skills, but also do so in a more efficient manner, allowing long‐lasting learning. However, there is still little consensus on this matter as different studies put their educational benefits into question, especially when used without instructional support. An empirical study was conducted to measure the effect of the educational game The Conference Interpreter on L2 vocabulary acquisition and perceived learning gains, as compared with a non‐gaming tool which replicated its contents. The results of pre‐, post‐ and delayed tests showed that students that had access to the contents via the video game performed statistically better in the short run, found the materials more appealing and believed their vocabulary skills had developed further than those in the control group. However, the regression model showed that the actual enjoyment of the game seemed to have no effect on the students' learning outcomes, neither according to their own estimation nor as determined by testing. Of greater importance seemed to be extrinsic motivation, ie, their desire to play based upon expected learning gains, prior knowledge of tested L2 vocabulary and perceived difficulty of the educational contents.
Synthesizing Ornamental Typefaces
Authors: Zhang Junsong , Wang Yu , Xiao Weiyi , Luo Zhenshan 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe present a method for creating ornamental typeface images. Ornamental typefaces are a composite artwork made from the assemblage of images that carry similar semantics to words. These appealing word‐art works often attract the attention of more people and convey more meaningful information than general typefaces. However, traditional ornamental typefaces are usually created by skilled artists, which involves tedious manual processes, especially when searching for appropriate materials and assembling them. Hence, we aim to provide an easy way to create ornamental typefaces for novices. How to combine users' design intentions with image semantic and shape information to obtain readable and appealing ornamental typefaces is the key challenge to generate ornamental typefaces. To address this problem, we first provide a scribble‐based interface for users to segment the input typeface into strokes according to their design concepts. To ensure the consistency of the image semantics and stroke shape, we then define a semantic‐shape similarity metric to select a set of suitable images. Finally, to beautify the typeface structure, an optional optimal strategy is investigated. Experimental results and user studies show that the proposed algorithm effectively generates attractive and readable ornamental typefaces.
Formaldehyde in cosmetics in patch tested dermatitis patients with and without contact allergy to formaldehyde
Authors: Hauksson Inese , Pontén Ann , Isaksson Marléne , Hamada Haneen , Engfeldt Malin , Bruze Magnus 
Published: December 2015

SummaryBackgroundFormaldehyde is a well‐known contact sensitizer. Formaldehyde releasers are widely used preservatives in cosmetics.ObjectivesTo survey the release of formaldehyde in cosmetics brought by patients investigated because of suspected allergic contact dermatitis, to compare it with information given by the manufacturers on the packages, and to investigate whether formaldehyde‐allergic patients are potentially exposed to more cosmetics releasing formaldehyde than dermatitis patients without contact allergy to formaldehyde.Patients/methodsCosmetics from 10 formaldehyde‐allergic and 30 non‐allergic patients (controls) matched for age and sex were investigated with the chromotropic acid spot test, which is a semiquantitative method measuring the release of formaldehyde.ResultsFormaldehyde was found in 58 of 245 (23.7%) products. Twenty‐six of 126 (20.6%) leave‐on products released formaldehyde, and 17 of 26 (65.4%) of these were not declared to contain formaldehyde or formaldehyde releasers. Among the rinse‐off products, there were 32 of 119 (26.8%) formaldehyde‐releasing products, and nine of 32 (28.0%) of these were not labelled as containing formaldehyde or formaldehyde releasers. Five of 10 formaldehyde‐allergic patients brought leave‐on products with ≥ 40 ppm formaldehyde, as compared with 4 of 30 in the control group (p = 0.029).ConclusionsCosmetic products used by formaldehyde‐allergic patients that are not declared to contain formaldehyde or formaldehyde‐releasing preservatives should be analysed.
Randomized non‐inferiority trial comparing diagnostic yield of cytopathologist‐guided versus seven passes for endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration of pancreatic masses
Authors: Lee Linda S. , Nieto Jose , Watson Rabindra R. , Hwang Allen L. , Muthusamy Venkataraman R. , Walter Laura , Jajoo Kunal , Ryou Marvin K. , Saltzman John R. , Saunders Michael D. , Suleiman Shadeah , Kadiyala Vivek 
Published: December 2015

Background and AimTo improve diagnostic yield of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) in solid pancreatic lesions, on‐site cytology review has been recommended. Because this is not widely available throughout the world, the aim of the present study was to compare the diagnostic yield of EUS‐FNA carried out with rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) versus seven FNA passes without ROSE in pancreatic masses.MethodsIn this multicenter randomized non‐inferiority trial, patients were randomized to ROSE versus seven passes into a solid pancreatic mass. On the basis of the absolute difference in diagnostic yield with seven passes versus cytopathologist guidance, the non‐inferiority margin for the difference in diagnostic yield was defined as −15%. Definite diagnosis was defined to include positivity for malignancy, presence of neoplastic cells, and negativity for malignancy.ResultsTotal of 142 patients were randomized with 73 in the cytopathologist arm and 69 in the seven‐passes arm. Diagnostic yield for definite diagnosis was 78.3% with seven passes and 78.1% with cytopathology guidance. With an absolute difference 0.2%, 95% CI –14.4 to 14.6, carrying out seven passes was non‐inferior to cytopathologist‐guided EUS‐FNA. There was no significant difference in complications or time to carry out FNA. A median of five passes were done with ROSE. Median cost with onsite cytopathology was significantly higher than carrying out seven passes ($1058 [958, 1445] vs $375 [275, 460], P < 0.001).ConclusionsDiagnostic yield for carrying out seven passes during EUS‐FNA into solid pancreatic masses is non‐inferior with lower charge compared to cytopathologist guidance.
Marine protected areas are insufficient to conserve global marine plant diversity
Authors: Daru Barnabas H. , le Roux Peter C. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimMarine plants are only incidentally included in conservation efforts for marine biodiversity. Here, for the first time, we apply phylogenetic methods to marine macrophytes (mangroves and seagrass species) to test for gaps in the current conservation network by identifying global diversity hotspots for these plant groups, and assess the degree to which hotspots are represented within the current network of marine protected areas (MPAs).LocationGlobal.MethodsWe calculated five metrics of marine plant diversity: phylogenetic diversity, species richness, species endemism, phylogenetic endemism and ‘evolutionary distinctiveness and global endangerment’ (EDGE).ResultsOverall, the diversity of marine plants was poorly represented by currentMPAs. Different measures of diversity showed spatial mismatch, demonstrating how strategies that maximize one diversity measure may be inefficient at protecting other facets of marine plant biodiversity. However, complementarity analyses revealed that complete representation can be achieved very efficiently with few additional locations.Main conclusionsOur study highlights the need for an integrative approach to conserve both the species diversity and phylogenetic diversity of marine plants. WhileMPAsare a valuable instrument for conserving marine biodiversity, we now face the challenge of increasing coverage to protect other branches of the marine tree of life.
Effect of transcutaneous electrical stimulation amplitude on timing of swallow pressure peaks between healthy young and older adults
Authors: Barikroo Ali , Berretin‐Felix Giedré , Carnaby Giselle , Crary Michael 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesThis study compared the effect of transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TES) amplitude on timing of lingual–palatal and pharyngeal peak pressures during swallowing in healthy younger and older adults.BackgroundTranscutaneous electrical stimulation amplitude is one parameter that may have different impacts on the neuromotor system and swallowing physiology. One aspect of swallowing physiology influenced by age is the timing of swallowing events. However, the effect of varying TES amplitudes on timing of swallowing physiology is poorly understood, especially in older adults.Materials and methodsThirty‐four adults (20 younger and 14 older) swallowed 10 ml of nectar‐thick liquid under three TES conditions: no stimulation, low‐amplitude stimulation and high‐amplitude stimulation. TES was delivered by surface electrodes on the anterior neck. Timing of pressure peaks for lingual–palatal contacts and pharyngeal pressures were measured under each condition.ResultsA significant age × stimulation amplitude interaction was identified for the base of tongue (BOT) [F(2,62) = 5.087, p < 0.009] and the hypopharynx (HYPO) [F(2,62) = 3.277, p < 0.044]. At the BOT, low‐amplitude TES resulted in slower swallows in the younger adults compared with no TES. In older adults, low‐amplitude TES resulted in faster swallows compared with high‐amplitude TES. At the HYPO, no significant differences were identified in pressure timing across the three TES amplitudes in both age groups. In each case, low‐amplitude TES resulted in faster swallows in older adults compared with younger adults.ConclusionsTranscutaneous electrical stimulation influences pharyngeal pressure timing differently in young and old people, which questions the appropriateness of using a ‘one‐size‐fits‐all’ TES amplitude for rehabilitating people with dysphagia.
Effectiveness of a miswak extract‐containing toothpaste on gingival inflammation: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Azaripour A , Mahmoodi B , Habibi E , Willershausen I , Schmidtmann I , Willershausen B 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectivesIn this study, the efficacy of a miswak extract‐containing toothpaste (Salvadora persica) on gingival inflammation was compared with that of a herbal and a conventional toothpaste.MethodsNon‐smoking outpatients with sulcus bleeding index (SBI) ≥25% and with periodontal pocket depths ≤3 mm were randomly selected and divided into three groups: M‐group, miswak extract‐containing toothpaste; P‐group, herbal toothpaste; and C‐group, conventional toothpaste. After instructing the patients to brush their teeth twice a day for 3 weeks with the assigned toothpaste using a flat‐trimmed manual toothbrush, a thorough oral examination was performed by a calibrated examiner (EH). The primary outcome was the SBI after 21 days. Furthermore, the amount of plaque was measured by approximal plaque index (API).ResultsSixty‐six patients with a mean age of 57.8 ± 10.2 years were recruited and enrolled. After 3 weeks of brushing, all three patient groups showed a significant reduction in SBI. The P‐group (SBI reduction: 17.1% ± 9.1) and the M‐group (14.5% ± 8.1) showed the strongest effect followed by the C‐group (9.4% ± 7.8). All three groups showed a significant reduction in API without significant differences between the groups.ConclusionsThe use of each of the three tested toothpastes caused a significant reduction in gingival inflammation and amount of plaque. The miswak extract‐containing toothpaste showed a similar effect as the herbal toothpaste and can be safely used for domestic oral hygiene in patients with gingivitis.
Effectiveness of a once per week delivery of a family‐based childhood obesity intervention: a cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Khanal S. , Welsby D. , Lloyd B. , Innes‐Hughes C. , Lukeis S. , Rissel C. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryBackgroundThe effectiveness of once per week (OPW) delivery of a family‐based childhood obesity programme was compared with twice per week (TPW) delivery in achieving health and behavioural outcomes at a population level and in improving programme attendance. Both programmes were delivered over 10–weeks, and the contact hours in the OPW and TPW programmes were 20 and 35–h, respectively.MethodsA cluster‐randomised controlled trial with stratification by local health district was conducted. Height, weight and global self esteem of participants and parent‐reported diet and physical activity were measured at programme commencement and completion and at 6‐month follow‐up. Attendance was defined as the proportion of total sessions attended.ResultsThere were no differences between the OPW and TPW arms in changes from pre‐programme baseline for body mass index (BMI) z‐score and other health and behaviourial measures at programme completion and at follow‐up, except for the increase in physical activity outside of the programme at programme completion (OPW, 3.5 h/week; TPW, 1.9 h/week; p = 0.03). OPW and TPW participants attended 71.2% and 69.2% of the total sessions, respectively. Attendance was the only contributing factor to a positive BMI z‐score outcome (β = −2.45, p < 0.01) with no effects of child age and gender, language spoken at home or highest qualification of mother.ConclusionsA family−based childhood obesity programme can be delivered OPW with no compromise to health or behavioural outcomes compared with TPW. Higher attendance, as a proportion of available sessions, leads to better outcomes for children.
P‐O‐rich sulfide phase in CM chondrites: Constraints on its origin on the CM parent body
Authors: Zhang Ai‐Cheng , Itoh Shoichi , Yurimoto Hisayoshi , Hsu Wei‐Biao , Wang Ru‐Cheng , Taylor Lawrence A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCM chondrites are a group of primitive meteorites that have recorded the alteration history of the early solar system. We report the occurrence, chemistry, and oxygen isotopic compositions of P‐O‐rich sulfide phase in two CM chondrites (Grove Mountains [GRV] 021536 and Murchison). This P‐O‐rich sulfide is a polycrystalline aggregate of nanometer‐size grains. It occurs as isolated particles or aggregates in both CM chondrites. These grains, in the matrix and in type‐I chondrules from Murchison, were partially altered into tochilinite; however, grains enclosed by Ca‐carbonate are much less altered. This P‐O‐rich sulfide in Murchison is closely associated with magnetite, FeNi phosphide, brezinaite (Cr3S4), and eskolaite (Cr2O3). In addition to sulfur as the major component, this sulfide contains ~6.3 wt% O, ~5.4 wt% P, and minor amounts of hydrogen. Analyses of oxygen isotopes by SIMS resulted in an average δ18O value of −22.5 ‰ and an average Δ17O value of 0.2 ± 9.2 ‰ (2σ). Limited variations in both chemical compositions and electron‐diffraction patterns imply that the P‐O‐rich sulfide may be a single phase rather than a polyphase mixture. Several features indicate that this P‐O‐rich sulfide phase formed at low temperature on the parent body, most likely through the alteration of FeNi metal (a) close association with other low‐temperature alteration products, (b) the presence of hydrogen, (c) high Δ17O values and the presence in altered mesostasis of type‐I chondrules and absence in type‐II chondrules. The textural relations of the P‐O‐rich sulfide and other low‐temperature minerals reveal at least three episodic‐alteration events on the parent body of CM chondrites (1) formation of P‐O‐rich sulfide during sulfur‐rich aqueous alteration of P‐rich FeNi metal, (2) formation of Ca‐carbonate during local carbonation, and (3) alteration of P‐O‐rich sulfide and formation of tochilinite during a period of late‐stage intensive aqueous alteration.
Cosmochemical and spectroscopic properties of Northwest Africa 7325—A consortium study
Authors: Weber I. , Morlok A. , Bischoff A. , Hiesinger H. , Ward D. , Joy K. H. , Crowther S. A. , Jastrzebski N. D. , Gilmour J. D. , Clay P. L. , Wogelius R. A. , Greenwood R. C. , Franchi I. A. , Münker C. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis work is part of a project to build an infrared database in order to link IR data of planetary materials (and therefore possible Mercury material) with remote sensing observations of Mercury, which will probably be obtained by the MERTIS instrument on the forthcoming BepiColombo mission.The unique achondrite Northwest Africa (NWA) 7325, which has previously been suggested to represent the first sample from Mercury, was investigated by optical and electron microscopy, and infrared and Raman spectroscopy. In addition, the oxygen, strontium, xenon, and argon isotopes were measured and the abundance of selected trace elements determined. The meteorite is a cumulate rock with subchondritic abundances of HFSE and REE and elevated Sr contents, which underwent a second heating and partial remelting process. Oxygen isotope measurements show that NWA 7325 plots in the ureilite field, close to the ALM‐A trachyandesitic fragment found in the unique Almahata Sitta meteorite breccia. On the other hand, mineralogical investigations of the pyroxenes in NWA 7325 provide evidence for similarities to the lodranites and acapulcoites. Furthermore, the rock is weakly shocked and argon isotope data record ancient (~4.5 Ga) plateau ages that have not been reset. The sample records a cosmogenic exposure age of ~19 Ma. Systematics of Rb‐Sr indicate an extreme early volatile depletion of the precursor material, similar to many other achondrite groups. However, despite its compositional similarities to other meteorite groups, our results suggest that this meteorite is unique and unrelated to any other known achondrite group. An origin for NWA 7325 as a sample from the planet Mercury is not supported by the results of our investigation. In particular, the evidence from infrared spectroscopy indicates that a direct relationship between NWA 7325 and the planet Mercury can be ruled out: no acceptable spectral match between laboratory analyses and remote sensing observations from Mercury has been obtained. However, we demonstrate that infrared spectroscopy is a rapid and nondestructive method to characterize mineral phases and thus an excellent tool for planetary surface characterization in space missions.
Paternal intergenerational epigenetic response to heat exposure in male Wild guinea pigs
Authors: Weyrich Alexandra , Lenz Dorina , Jeschek Marie , Chung Tzu Hung , Rübensam Kathrin , Göritz Frank , Jewgenow Katarina , Fickel Jörns 
Published: December 2015

AbstractEpigenetic modifications, of which DNA methylation is the best studied one, can convey environmental information through generations via parental germ lines. Past studies have focused on the maternal transmission of epigenetic information to the offspring of isogenic mice and rats in response to external changes, whereas heterogeneous wild mammals as well as paternal epigenetic effects have been widely neglected. In most wild mammal species, males are the dispersing sex and have to cope with differing habitats and thermal changes. As temperature is a major environmental factor we investigated if genetically heterogeneous Wild guinea pig (Cavia aperea) males can adapt epigenetically to an increase in temperature and if that response will be transmitted to the next generation(s). Five adult male guinea pigs (F0) were exposed to an increased ambient temperature for 2 months, i.e. the duration of spermatogenesis. We studied the liver (as the main thermoregulatory organ) of F0 fathers and F1 sons, and testes of F1 sons for paternal transmission of epigenetic modifications across generation(s). Reduced representation bisulphite sequencing revealed shared differentially methylated regions in annotated areas between F0 livers before and after heat treatment, and their sons’ livers and testes, which indicated a general response with ecological relevance. Thus, paternal exposure to a temporally limited increased ambient temperature led to an ‘immediate’ and ‘heritable’ epigenetic response that may even be transmitted to the F2 generation. In the context of globally rising temperatures epigenetic mechanisms may become increasingly relevant for the survival of species.