bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmakologische Eigenschaften des schneller wirksamen Insulins aspart (Faster-acting Insulin aspart)
Authors: Heise Tim , Biester Torben 
Published: August 2017

ZusammenfassungFaster-acting Insulin aspart ist eine durch die Zugabe der als sicher geltenden Hilfsstoffe Niacinamid und L-Arginin weiterentwickelte Formulierung zu Insulin aspart (IAsp). Die gepoolte Auswertung von sechs pharmakologischen Studien im randomisierten Crossover-Design bei erwachsenen Menschen mit Typ-1-Diabetes ergab für die subkutane Injektion von Faster-acting Insulin aspart 0,2 E/kg ein um ca. 5 Minuten früheres erstes Auftreten von Insulin im Blutstrom als nach IAsp 0,2 E/kg und eine um den Faktor 2 gegenüber IAsp erhöhte Insulinexposition während der ersten 30 Minuten. Dies führte gemäß euglykämischen Glucose-Clamp-Daten aus drei dieser Studien zu einem um 4,9 Minuten früheren Wirkbeginn der glukosesenkenden Wirkung (p < 0,001) sowie zu einer um 74 % höheren glukosesenkenden Wirkung innerhalb der ersten 30 Minuten (p < 0,001). Dementsprechend waren in einer weiteren explorativen Studie nach subkutaner Injektion von Faster-acting Insulin aspart der postprandiale Glukoseanstieg um durchschnittlich 1,24 mmol/l (22,3 mg/dl) (Messung eine Stunde nach einer standardisierten Mahlzeit) und die Plasmaglukosekonzentrationen in den ersten 2 Stunden um durchschnittlich 26 % gegenüber IAsp reduziert. In einer pharmakologischen Studie zur kontinuierlichen subkutanen Insulininjektion (CSII) waren nach Faster-acting Insulin aspart die Insulinexposition während der ersten 30 Minuten um den Faktor 3 und die glukosesenkende Wirkung nach Injektion von Faster-acting Insulin aspart um ca. 100 % gegenüber IAsp erhöht. Die Verträglichkeit von Faster-acting Insulin aspart ist nach den vorläufigen Daten vergleichbar zu IAsp, ebenso die Kompatibilität in der Pumpenanwendung. In der Zusammenfassung zeigen die pharmakologischen Studien zu Faster-acting Insulin aspart im Vergleich zu IAsp ein doppelt so schnelles initiales Auftreten von Insulin im Blut, eine 2-fach (subkutane Injektion) bzw. 3-fach (CSII) so hohe Insulinexposition innerhalb der ersten 30 Minuten und eine um 74 % (subkutane Injektion) bzw. ca. 100 % (CSII) höhere glukosesenkende Wirkung in diesem Zeitraum. Daten aus zwei Phase-IIIa-Studien bestätigen die mit Faster-acting Insulin aspart erzielbare Reduktion von postprandialen Blutzuckeranstiegen im Vergleich zu IAsp.
Alignment of the protein substrate hairpin along the SecA two-helix finger primes protein transport in
Escherichia coli
Authors: Zhang Qi , Lahiri Sudipta , Banerjee Tithi , Sun Zhongmou , Oliver Donald , Mukerji Ishita 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Specialized protein complexes transport and integrate peptides into membranes in all living cells. Protein transport within the universally conserved Sec system requires the formation of an initiator protein substrate hairpin comprised of the signal peptide and adjacent region. Fundamental questions remain regarding when and how this hairpin structure forms. Here, we show that the SecA two-helix finger templates the hairpin within the preformed SecYEG-bound SecA complex prior to its insertion into the SecY channel. In addition to capturing a novel preinsertion intermediate state, our study expands the role of the SecA two-helix finger, which has previously been suggested to be an ATP-powered ratchet that drives cycles of protein transport.
Accurate RNA consensus sequencing for high-fidelity detection of transcriptional mutagenesis-induced epimutations
Authors: Reid-Bayliss Kate S. , Loeb Lawrence A. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Epimutations arising from transcriptional mutagenesis have been hypothesized to contribute to viral and bacterial evolution, drug resistance, and age-related diseases, including cancer and neurodegeneration. However, methodology limitations have inhibited progress toward elucidating the contributions of epimutations to cellular evolution and survival in vivo. Recent efforts to overcome these limitations remain constrained by artifacts arising during RNA library preparation. We present accurate RNA consensus sequencing (ARC-seq), an accurate, high-throughput RNA sequencing method that effectively eliminates errors introduced during RNA library preparation and sequencing and represents a major advance over previous methods. ARC-seq will enable investigations of the causal roles of transcriptional fidelity and epimutations in multiple fields, including viral evolution, bacterial resistance, and age-related diseases, such as cancer and neurodegeneration.
Efficacy of Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation in Women With Provoked Vestibulodynia
Authors: Morin Annie , Leonard Guillaume , Gougeon Véronique , Cyr Marie-Pierre , Waddell Guy , Bureau Yves-André , Girard Isabelle , Morin Mélanie 
Published: August 2017

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017;216(6):584.e1–584.e11)
The most frequent cause of premenopausal dyspareunia is provoked vestibulodynia (PVD). Patients with PVD have acute recurrent pain at the vaginal entrance in response to attempted vaginal penetration or application of pressure.
Chemotherapy Completion in Elderly Women With Ovarian, Primary Peritoneal or Fallopian Tube Cancer—An NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group Study
Authors: von Gruenigen Vivian E. , Huang Helen Q. , Beumer Jan H. , Lankes Heather A. , Tew William , Herzog Thomas , Hurria Arti , Mannel Robert S. , Rizack Tina , Landrum Lisa M. , Rose Peter G. , Salani Ritu , Bradley William H. , Rutherford Thomas J. , Higgins Robert V. , Secord Angeles Alvarez , Fleming Gini 
Published: August 2017

(Abstracted from Gynecol Oncol 2017;144:459–467)
Older patients with cancer do not tolerate chemotherapy well and suffer more toxicity than do younger women. There is great heterogeneity among patients of a given chronological age in the ability to tolerate treatment.
A Naturalistic Comparison of Methylphenidate and Risperidone Monotherapy in Drug-Naive Youth With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Comorbid With Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Aggression
Authors: Masi Gabriele , Manfredi Azzurra , Nieri Giulia , Muratori Pietro , Pfanner Chiara , Milone Annarita 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Background/Purpose
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) are frequently co-occurring in youth, but data about the pharmacological management of this comorbidity are scarce, especially when impulsive aggression is prominent. Although stimulants are the first-line medication for ADHD, second-generation antipsychotics, namely, risperidone, are frequently used. We aimed to assess effectiveness and safety of monotherapy with the stimulant methylphenidate (MPH) and risperidone in a consecutive sample of 40 drug-naive male youths diagnosed as having ADHD-combined presentation, comorbid with ODD and aggression, without psychiatric comorbidities, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition criteria and a structured clinical interview (Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children—Present and Lifetime Version).

Methods
Twenty males treated with MPH (mean age, 8.95 ± 1.67 years) and 20 males treated with risperidone (mean age, 9.35 ± 2.72 years), followed up to 6 months, were assessed according to efficacy measures (Child Behavior Checklist [CBCL], Clinical Global Impression–Severity [CGI-S] and Improvement [CGI-I], Children Global Assessment Scale), and safety measures. At the end of the follow-up, both medications were similarly effective based on CBCL subscales of aggression and rule-breaking behaviors, on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–oriented oppositional defiant problems and conduct problems, and on CGI-S, CGI-I, and Children Global Assessment Scale, but only MPH was effective on CBCL attention problems and attention-deficit/hyperactivity problems. Risperidone was associated with weight gain and elevated prolactin levels.

Implications/Conclusions
Although the nonrandomized, nonblind design limits the conclusions of our exploratory study, our findings suggest that when ADHD is comorbid with ODD and aggression MPH and risperidone are both effective on aggressive behavior, but only stimulants are effective on ADHD symptoms.
Exploring Rural Disparities in Medical Diagnoses Among Veterans With Transgender-related Diagnoses Utilizing Veterans Health Administration Care
Authors: Bukowski Leigh A. , Blosnich John , Shipherd Jillian C. , Kauth Michael R. , Brown George R. , Gordon Adam J. 
Published: August 2017

Objectives:
Research shows transgender individuals experience pronounced health disparities compared with their nontransgender peers. Yet, there remains insufficient research about health differences within transgender populations. This study seeks to fill this gap by exploring how current urban/rural status is associated with lifetime diagnosis of mood disorder, alcohol dependence disorder, illicit drug abuse disorder, tobacco use, posttraumatic stress disorder, human immunodeficiency virus, and suicidal ideation or attempt among veterans with transgender-related diagnoses.

Methods:
This study used a retrospective review of The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) administrative data for transgender patients who received VA care from 1997 through 2014. Transgender patients were defined as individuals that had a lifetime diagnosis of any of 4 International Classification of Diseases-9 diagnosis codes associated with transgender status. Independent multivariable logistic regression models were used to explore associations of rural status with medical conditions.

Results:
Veterans with transgender-related diagnoses residing in small/isolated rural towns had increased odds of tobacco use disorder (adjusted odds ratio=1.39; 95% confidence intervals, 1.09–1.78) and posttraumatic stress disorder (adjusted odds ratio=1.33; 95% confidence intervals, 1.03–1.71) compared with their urban transgender peers. Urban/rural status was not significantly associated with other medical conditions of interest.

Conclusions:
This study contributes the first empirical investigations of how place of residence is associated with medical diagnoses among veterans with transgender-related diagnoses. The importance of place as a determinant of health is increasingly clear, but for veterans with transgender-related diagnoses this line of research is currently limited. The addition of self-reported sex identity data within VA electronic health records is one way to advance this line of research.
Racial and Ethnic Variation in Perceptions of VA Mental Health Providers are Associated With Treatment Retention Among Veterans With PTSD
Authors: Spoont Michele , Nelson David , van Ryn Michelle , Alegria Margarita 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) who seek mental health care in the Veterans Health Administration frequently discontinue treatment prematurely. Early discontinuation of mental health treatment is more common among Veterans with PTSD who are of minority race or ethnicity.

Objectives:
To determine whether retention in individual therapy or pharmacotherapy among Veterans with PTSD are associated with patients’ ratings of their mental health providers, and if those associations differ depending on Veteran race or ethnicity.

Research Design:
Latino, African American, and white Veterans (n=2452) who participated in a prospective national cohort study of Veterans with PTSD at the beginning of an episode of care were surveyed immediately following Veterans’ PTSD diagnoses and 6 months later. Pharmacy and mental health service utilization were abstracted from Veterans Health Administration administrative databases for 6 months postdiagnosis. Retention in treatments were modeled using logistic regression among Veterans who initiated individual therapy or pharmacotherapy. Demographics, treatment need, treatment-related beliefs, treatment process measures, and ratings of mental health providers were considered as predictors.

Results:
Ratings of mental health providers, more than treatment beliefs, were associated with treatment retention. Among African American Veterans, retention in pharmacotherapy was reduced if the provider was perceived as not having helped manage medication side-effects (odds ratio, 0.36; confidence interval, 0.16–0.80). All Latino Veterans but one (99% or n=64) who rated their therapist as not caring discontinued individual psychotherapy.

Conclusions:
Ratings of mental health providers were associated with treatment retention. The salience of specific provider behaviors to treatment retention varied by Veteran race or ethnicity.
Health Disparities in Veterans
Authors: Kondo Karli , Low Allison , Everson Teresa , Gordon Christine D. , Veazie Stephanie , Lozier Crystal C. , Freeman Michele , Motu’apuaka Makalapua , Mendelson Aaron , Friesen Mark , Paynter Robin , Friesen Caroline , Anderson Johanna , Boundy Erin , Saha Somnath , Quiñones Ana , Kansagara Devan 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Goals for improving the quality of care for all Veterans and eliminating health disparities are outlined in the Veterans Health Administration Blueprint for Excellence, but the degree to which disparities in utilization, health outcomes, and quality of care affect Veterans is not well understood.

Objectives:
To characterize the research on health care disparities in the Veterans Health Administration by means of a map of the evidence.

Research Design:
We conducted a systematic search for research studies published from 2006 to February 2016 in MEDLINE and other data sources. We included studies of Veteran populations that examined disparities in 3 outcome categories: utilization, quality of health care, and patient health.

Measures:
We abstracted data on study design, setting, population, clinical area, outcomes, mediators, and presence of disparity for each outcome category. We grouped the data by population characteristics including race, disability status, mental illness, demographics (age, era of service, rural location, and distance from care), sex identity, socioeconomic status, and homelessness, and created maps illustrating the evidence.

Results:
We reviewed 4249 citations and abstracted data from 351 studies which met inclusion criteria. Studies examining disparities by race/ethnicity comprised by far the vast majority of the literature, followed by studies examining disparities by sex, and mental health condition. Very few studies examined disparities related to lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender identity or homelessness. Disparities findings vary widely by population and outcome.

Conclusions:
Our evidence maps provide a “lay of the land” and identify important gaps in knowledge about health disparities experienced by different Veteran populations.
African American Veterans Storytelling
Authors: Houston Thomas K. , Fix Gemmae M. , Shimada Stephanie L. , Long Judith A. , Gordon Howard S. , Pope Charlene , Volkman Julie , Allison Jeroan J. , DeLaughter Kathryn , Orner Michelle , Bokhour Barbara G. 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Disparities in hypertension control persist for African American Veterans.

Objective:
To enhance cultural relevance of hypertension control self-management education, in a multisite, stratified randomized trial, we tested an interactive Veteran-to-Veteran storytelling digital video disk (DVD) intervention created with Veteran partners, versus an education-only DVD comparison.

Methods:
At 3 VA facilities, African American Veterans with uncontrolled hypertension were randomized to storytelling DVD intervention or didactic comparison DVD and followed for 6 months. We hypothesized that follow-up blood pressure (BP) would be lower among Veterans in the intervention group.

Results:
African American Veterans (N=619) were 92% male, 39% over age 65, most had a high-school education, over 50% of both the intervention and comparison group reported a household income of <$20,000, and 40% had less than adequate health literacy. At baseline, mean intervention and comparison group BPs were 138/80 and 139/81 mm Hg, respectively; at 6 months, mean systolic BP (SBP) increased by 0.1 in the intervention group and by 1.9 for the comparison group; diastolic BP fell by 0.1 in the intervention group and rose by 0.2 in the comparison group. No differences between the intervention and control groups were statistically significant (all P>0.3). Site differences were large; at one, the intervention group improved while the comparison groups deteriorated, resulting in 6.3 and 3.9 mm Hg more improvement for the intervention group in SBP and diastolic BP (P=0.06 and 0.04), respectively; at the other 2 sites, there were positive and negative changes, all small, in the 2 measures, with minimal differences—one site favored the comparison group and the other, the intervention (these comparisons did not approach statistical significance (all P>0.20). In a secondary analysis stratified by baseline BP, there was no intervention effect among those with uncontrolled BP, but intervention patients who were in control at baseline were more likely to stay in control, compared with comparison [SBP increase by 6.3 mm Hg (SD=14.4) among intervention, and by 10.9 mm Hg (SD=16.9) in comparison, P=0.02].

Conclusions:
In this multisite trial, we did not find a significant overall storytelling intervention effect (Clinicaltrials.gov Reg. #NCT01276197).
Ovarian Reserve After Salpingectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Mohamed Ahmed Aboelfadle , Yosef Ali Haroun , James Cathryn , Al-Hussaini Tarek Khalaf , Bedaiwy Mohamed Ali , Amer Saad Ali 
Published: August 2017

(Abstracted from Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2017;96:795–803)
The increasing use of salpingectomy has been associated with concern over its potential damaging effect on ovarian reserve in premenopausal women wishing to preserve their fertility potential. Among the many markers for ovarian reserve, circulating anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) is considered the most reliable.
A Comparison of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy to Lymphadenectomy for Endometrial Cancer Staging (FIRES Trial): A Multicentre, Prospective, Cohort Study
Authors: Rossi Emma C. , Kowalski Lynn D. , Scalici Jennifer , Cantrell Leigh , Schuler Kevin , Hanna Rabbie K. , Method Michael , Ade Melissa , Ivanova Anastasia , Boggess John F. 
Published: August 2017

(Abstracted from Lancet Oncol 2017;18:384–392)
In more than 75% of women with endometrial cancer, the disease is confined to the uterus. Recurrence risk is defined by surgical staging with lymphadenectomy and helps in the decision to give adjuvant treatment to high-risk patients.
Effect of a New Risk Calculator on Patient Satisfaction With the Decision for Concomitant Midurethral Sling During Prolapse Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Miranne Jeannine Marie , Gutman Robert Eric , Sokol Andrew Ian , Park Amy Josephine , Iglesia Cheryl Bernadette 
Published: August 2017

(Abstracted from Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg 2017;23:17–22)
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI) often coexist. Patients with POP without symptoms of SUI are at high risk (72%) of developing de novo SUI after POP surgery.
Orbital Cellulitis Following Orbital Blow-out Fracture
Authors: Byeon Je Yeon , Choi Hwan Jun 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Orbital cellulitis and abscess have been described in the literature as complication that usually occur secondary to infection in the maxillary, ethmoidal, and frontal sinuses. If left untreated, it can lead to blindness, cavernous sinus thrombosis, meningitis, or cerebral abscess. Orbital fractures are a common sequela of blunt orbital trauma, but are only rarely associated with orbital cellulitis. So, the authors present rare orbital cellulitis after orbital blow-out fracture. A 55-year-old Asian complains of severe orbital swelling and pain on the left side. These symptoms had started 2 days earlier and worsened within the 24 hours before hospital admission resulting in visual disturbances such as diplopia and photophobia. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan showed considerable soft tissue swelling and abscess formation on the left side. Patient was subjected to surgical drainage under general anesthesia in the operation room. In this case, the postoperative period was uneventful and the rapid improvement of symptoms was remarkable. In conclusion, the abscess of the orbit is a surgical emergency in patients whose impairment of vision or ocular symptoms cannot be controlled with medical therapy using antibiotics. In our case, orbital cellulitis can occur after blunt orbital trauma without predisposing sinusitis. Early and prompt diagnosis and surgical drainage before severe loss of visual acuity rescue or recover the vision in case of orbital cellulitis.
HIV-1 Unspliced RNA Expression Induces Innate Immune Activation in Macrophages
Authors: Akiyama Hisashi , Miller Caitlin M. , Ettinger Chelsea R. , Belkina Anna C. , Snyder-Cappione Jennifer , Gummuluru Suryaram 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTLow-levels of type I interferons (IFN-I) are thought to be a driving force for immune activation and T cell exhaustion in HIV-1 infected individuals on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), though the causative mechanisms for persistent IFN-I signaling have remained unclear. Here, we show Rev-CRM1 dependent nuclear export and peripheral membrane association of intron-containing HIV-1 unspliced RNA (usRNA), independent of primary viral sequence or viral protein expression, is subject to sensing, and results in IFN-I-dependent pro-inflammatory responses in macrophages. Our findings suggest that persistent expression of HIV-1 usRNA in macrophages contributes to chronic immune activation and that use of HIV RNA expression inhibitors as adjunct therapy might abrogate aberrant inflammation and restore immune function in HIV-infected individuals on HAART.
Theory of reinforcement learning and motivation in the basal ganglia
Authors: Bogacz Rafal 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper proposes how the neural circuits in vertebrates select actions on the basis of past experience and the current motivational state. According to the presented theory, the basal ganglia evaluate the utility of considered actions by combining the positive consequences (e.g. nutrition) scaled by the motivational state (e.g. hunger) with the negative consequences (e.g. effort). The theory suggests how the basal ganglia compute utility by combining the positive and negative consequences encoded in the synaptic weights of striatal Go and No-Go neurons, and the motivational state carried by neuromodulators including dopamine. Furthermore, the theory suggests how the striatal neurons to learn separately about consequences of actions, and how the dopaminergic neurons themselves learn what level of activity they need to produce to optimize behaviour. The theory accounts for the effects of dopaminergic modulation on behaviour, patterns of synaptic plasticity in striatum, and responses of dopaminergic neurons in diverse situations.