bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biased numerical cognition impairs economic decision‐making in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Arshad Qadeer , Bonsu Angela , Lobo Rhannon , Fluri Anne‐Sophie , Sheriff Rahuman , Bain Peter , Pavese Nicola , Bronstein Adolfo M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectivePrevious findings suggest a context‐dependent bihemispheric allocation of numerical magnitude. Accordingly, we predicted that lateralized motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD), which reflect hemispheric asymmetries, would induce systematic lateralized biases in numerical cognition and have a subsequent influence on decision‐making.MethodsIn 20 PD patients and matched healthy controls we assessed numerical cognition using a number‐pair bisection and random number generation task. Decision‐making was assessed using both the dictator game and a validated questionnaire.ResultsPD patients with predominant right‐sided motor symptoms exhibited pathological biases toward smaller numerical magnitudes and formulated less favorable prosocial choices during a neuroeconomics task (i.e., dictator game). Conversely, patients with left‐sided motor symptoms exhibited pathological biases toward larger numerical magnitudes and formulated more generous prosocial choices. Our account of context‐dependent hemispheric allocation of numerical magnitude in PD was corroborated by applying our data to a pre‐existing computational model and observing significant concordance. Notably, both numerical biasing and impaired decision‐making were correlated with motor asymmetry.InterpretationAccordingly, motor asymmetry and functional impairment of cognitive processes in PD can be functionally intertwined. To conclude, our findings demonstrate context‐dependent hemispheric allocation and encoding of numerical magnitude in PD and how biases in numerical magnitude allocation in Parkinsonian patients can correspondingly impair economic decision‐making.
Programmable Macroporous Photonic Crystals Enabled by Swelling‐Induced All‐Room‐Temperature Shape Memory Effects
Authors: Leo Sin‐Yen , Ni Yongliang , Xu Can , Zhang Yifan , Dai Yuqiong , Qi Pengxu , Xie Angela T. , Basile Vito , Taylor Curtis , Jiang Peng 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis study reports unconventional, all‐room‐temperature shape memory (SM) effects using templated macroporous shape memory polymer (SMP) photonic crystals comprising a glassy copolymer with high‐glass transition temperature. “Cold” programming of permanent periodic structures into temporary disordered configurations can be achieved by slowly evaporating various swelling solvents (e.g., ethanol) imbibed in the interconnecting macropores. The deformed macropores can be instantaneously recovered to the permanent geometry by exposing it to vapors and liquids of swelling solvents. By contrast, nonswelling solvents (e.g., hexane) cannot trigger “cold” programming and SM recovery. Extensive experimental and theoretical investigations reveal that the dynamics of swelling‐induced plasticizing effects caused by fast diffusion of solvent molecules into the walls of macropores with nanoscopic thickness dominate both “cold” programming and recovery processes. Importantly, the striking color changes associated with the reversible SM transitions enable novel chromogenic sensors for selectively detecting trace amounts of swelling analytes mixed in nonswelling solvents. Using ethanol–hexane solutions as proof‐of‐concept mixtures, the ethanol detection limit of 150 ppm has been demonstrated. Besides reusable sensors, which can find important applications in environmental monitoring and petroleum process/product control, the programmable SMP photonic crystals possessing high mechanical strengths and all‐room‐temperature processability can provide vast opportunities in developing reconfigurable/rewritable nanooptical devices.
SiO2/TiO2 Composite Film for High Capacity and Excellent Cycling Stability in Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Lee Gibaek , Kim Sudeok , Kim Sunkyu , Choi Jinsub 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this study, partially crystalline anodic TiO2 with SiO2 well‐distributed througout the entire oxide film is prepared using plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) to obtain a high‐capacity anode with an excellent cycling stability for Li‐ion batteries. The micropore sizes in the anodic film become inhomogeneous as the SiO2 content is increased from 0% to 25%. The X‐ray diffraction peaks show that the formed oxide contains the anatase and rutile phases of TiO2. In addition, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray analyses confirm that TiO2 contains amorphous SiO2. Anodic oxides of the SiO2/TiO2 composite prepared by PEO in 0.2 m H2SO4 and 0.4 m Na2SiO3 electrolyte deliver the best performance in Li‐ion batteries, exhibiting a capacity of 240 µAh cm−2 at a fairly high current density of 500 µA cm–2. The composite film shows the typical Li–TiO2 and Li–SiO2 redox peaks in the cyclic voltammogram and a corresponding plateau in the galvanostatic charge/discharge curves. The as‐prepared SiO2/TiO2 composite anode shows at least twice the capacity of other types of binder‐free TiO2 and TiO2 composites and very stable cycling stability for more than 250 cycles despite the severe mechanical stress.
Atomic‐Level Coupled Interfaces and Lattice Distortion on CuS/NiS2 Nanocrystals Boost Oxygen Catalysis for Flexible Zn‐Air Batteries
Authors: An Li , Li Yuxuan , Luo Mingchuan , Yin Jie , Zhao Yong‐Qing , Xu Cailing , Cheng Fangyi , Yang Ying , Xi Pinxian , Guo Shaojun 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe exploration of highly efficient nonprecious metal bifunctional electrocatalysts to boost oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reaction is critical for development of high energy density metal‐air batteries. Herein, a class of CuS/NiS2 interface nanocrystals (INs) catalysts with atomic‐level coupled nanointerface, subtle lattice distortion, and plentiful vacancy defects is reported. The results from temperature‐dependent in situ synchrotron‐based X‐ray absorption fine spectroscopy and electron spin resonance spectroscopy demonstrate that the lattice distortion of 14.7% in CuS/NiS2 caused by the strong Jahn–Teller effect of Cu, the strong atomic‐level coupled interface of CuS and NiS2 domains, and distinct vacancy defects can provide numerous effective active sites for their excellent bifunctional performance. A liquid Zn‐air battery with the CuS/NiS2 INs as air electrode displays a large peak power density (172.4 mW cm−2), a high specific capacity (775 mAh gZn−1), and long cycle life (up to 83 h), making the CuS/NiS2 INs among the best bifunctional catalysts for Zn‐air battery. More remarkably, the flexible CuS/NiS2 INs‐based solid‐state Zn‐air batteries can power the LED after twisting, making them be promising in portable and wearable electronic devices.
An Inexpensive, Point‐of‐Care Urine Test for Bladder Cancer in Patients Undergoing Hematuria Evaluation
Authors: Acharya Abhinav P. , Theisen Kathryn M. , Correa Andres , Meyyappan Thiagarajan , Apfel Abraham , Sun Tao , Tarin Tatum V. , Little Steven R. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAlthough hematuria (blood in urine) is the most common symptom of bladder cancer, 70–98% of hematuria cases are benign. These hematuria patients unnecessarily undergo costly, invasive, and expensive evaluation for bladder cancer. Therefore, there remains a need for noninvasive office‐based tests that can rapidly and reliably rule out bladder cancer in patients undergoing hematuria evaluation. Herein, a clinical assay for matrix metalloproteinases (“Ammps”) is presented, which generates a visual signal based on the collagenase activity (in urine of patients) on the Ammps substrates. Ammps substrates are generated by crosslinking gelatin with Fe(II) chelated alginate nanoparticles, which precipitate in urine samples. The cleavage of gelatin‐conjugated alginate (Fe(II)) nanoparticles by collagenases generates free‐floating alginate (Fe(II)) nanoparticles that participate in Fenton's reaction to generate a visual signal. In a pilot study of 88 patients, Ammps had 100% sensitivity, 85% specificity, and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 100% for diagnosing bladder cancer. This high NPV can be useful in ruling out bladder cancer in patients referred for hematuria evaluation.
Light‐Driven Vitamin B12‐Catalysed Generation of Acyl Radicals from 2‐S‐Pyridyl Thioesters
Authors: Ociepa Michał , Baka Oskar , Narodowiec Jakub , Gryko Dorota 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAcyl radicals are invaluable intermediates in organic synthesis, however their generation remains challenging. Herein, we present an unprecedented light‐driven, cobalt‐catalysed method for the generation of acyl radicals from readily available 2‐S‐pyridyl thioesters. The synthetic potential of this methodology was demonstrated in the Giese‐type acylation of activated olefins in the presence of heptamethyl cobyrrinate. This vitamin B12 derivative proved to be the most efficient catalyst in the studied process. The developed method features broad substrate scope (38 examples), good functional group tolerance, and mild reaction conditions. Moreover, it is easily scalable (illustrated on a 20‐fold scale‐up procedure), enabling its preparative use. Mechanistic studies revealed that the reaction proceeds via a radical pathway with the key steps involving the formation of an acyl‐vitamin B12 complex and subsequent photolysis of the Co−C bond.magnified image
Übergangsmetallfreie ringöffnende Silylierung von Indolen und Benzofuranen mit (Diphenyl‐tert‐butylsilyl)lithium
Authors: Xu Pan , Würthwein Ernst‐Ulrich , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Studer Armido 
Published: September 2017

AbstractEine praktische Methode zur Ringöffnung verschiedener Indole und Benzofurane mit einhergehender stereoselektiver Silylierung unter Nutzung von leicht erzeugtem (Diphenyl‐tert‐butylsilyl)lithium führt zu ortho‐β‐Silylvinylanilinen bzw. ‐phenolen. Die Desaromatisierung der Heteroarene erfolgt in Abwesenheit von Übergangsmetallkatalysatoren durch Addition des Silylanions und nachfolgende stereoselektive β‐Eliminierung. Einblicke in den Reaktionsmechanismus werden durch DFT‐Rechnungen erhalten. Funktionalisierende C‐X‐Bindungsbrüche in Heteroarenen sind ungewöhnlich und erfordern im Allgemeinen Übergangsmetallkatalysatoren.
Far‐UV‐Excited Luminescence of Nitrogen‐Vacancy Centers: Evidence for Diamonds in Space
Authors: Lu Hsiao‐Chi , Peng Yu‐Chain , Chou Sheng‐Lung , Lo Jen‐Iu , Cheng Bing‐Ming , Chang Huan‐Cheng 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe nitrogen‐vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are among the most thoroughly investigated defects in solid‐state matter; however, our understanding of their properties upon far‐UV excitation of the host matrix is limited. This knowledge is crucial for the identification of NV as the carrier of extended red emission (ERE) bands detected in a wide range of astrophysical environments. Herein, we report a study on the photoluminescence spectra of NV‐containing nanodiamonds excited with synchrotron radiation over the wavelength range of 125–350 nm. We observed, for the first time, an emission at 520–850 nm with a quantum yield greater than 20 %. Our results share multiple similarities with the ERE phenomena, suggesting that nanodiamonds are a common component of dust in space.
Enzymatic Cascade Catalysis for the Synthesis of Multiblock and Ultrahigh‐Molecular‐Weight Polymers with Oxygen Tolerance
Authors: Liu Zhifen , Lv Yue , An Zesheng 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSynthesis of well‐defined multiblock and ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight (UHMW) polymers has been a perceived challenge for reversible‐deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP). An even more formidable task is to synthesize these extreme polymers in the presence of oxygen. A novel methodology involving enzymatic cascade catalysis is developed for the unprecedented synthesis of multiblock polymers in open vessels with direct exposure to air and UHMW polymers in closed vessels without prior degassing. The success of this methodology relies on the extraordinary deoxygenation capability of pyranose oxidase (P2Ox) and the mild yet efficient radical generation by horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The facile and green synthesis of multiblock and UHMW polymers using biorenewable enzymes under environmentally benign and scalable conditions provides a new pathway for developing advanced polymer materials.
Pd‐PEPPSI‐IPent‐SiO2: A Supported Catalyst for Challenging Negishi Coupling Reactions in Flow
Authors: Price Gregory A. , Hassan Abbas , Chandrasoma Nalin , Bogdan Andrew R. , Djuric Stevan W. , Organ Michael G. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA silica‐supported precatalyst, Pd‐PEPPSI‐IPent‐SiO2, has been prepared and evaluated for its proficiency in the Negishi cross‐coupling of hindered and electronically deactivated coupling partners. The precatalyst Pd‐PEPPSI‐IPent loaded onto packed bed columns shows high catalytic activity for the room‐temperature coupling of deactivated/hindered biaryl partners. Also for the first time, the flowed Csp3–Csp2 coupling of secondary alkylzinc reagents to (hetero)aromatics has been achieved with high selectivity with Pd‐PEPPSI‐IPent‐SiO2. These couplings required residence times as short as 3 minutes to effect completion of these challenging transformations with excellent selectivity for the nonrearranged product.
Native Desorption Electrospray Ionization Liberates Soluble and Membrane Protein Complexes from Surfaces
Authors: Ambrose Stephen , Housden Nicholas G. , Gupta Kallol , Fan Jieyuan , White Paul , Yen Hsin‐Yung , Marcoux Julien , Kleanthous Colin , Hopper Jonathan T. S. , Robinson Carol V. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMass spectrometry (MS) applications for intact protein complexes typically require electrospray (ES) ionization and have not been achieved via direct desorption from surfaces. Desorption ES ionization (DESI) MS has however transformed the study of tissue surfaces through release and characterisation of small molecules. Motivated by the desire to screen for ligand binding to intact protein complexes we report the development of a native DESI platform. By establishing conditions that preserve non‐covalent interactions we exploit the surface to capture a rapid turnover enzyme–substrate complex and to optimise detergents for membrane protein study. We demonstrate binding of lipids and drugs to membrane proteins deposited on surfaces and selectivity from a mix of related agonists for specific binding to a GPCR. Overall therefore we introduce this native DESI platform with the potential for high‐throughput ligand screening of some of the most challenging drug targets including GPCRs.
Manganese Dioxide Nanozymes as Responsive Cytoprotective Shells for Individual Living Cell Encapsulation
Authors: Li Wei , Liu Zhen , Liu Chaoqun , Guan Yijia , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA powerful individual living cell encapsulation strategy for long‐term cytoprotection and manipulation is reported. It uses manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanozymes as intelligent shells. As expected, yeast cells can be directly coated with continuous MnO2 shells via bio‐friendly Mn‐based mineralization. Significantly, the durable nanozyme shells not only can enhance the cellular tolerance against severe physical stressors including dehydration and lytic enzyme, but also enable the survival of cells upon contact with high levels of toxic chemicals for prolonged periods. More importantly, these encased cells after shell removal via a facile biomolecule stimulus can fully resume growth and functions. This strategy is applicable to a broad range of living cells
Mechanical, thermal, and hydrophobic properties of silica aerogel–epoxy composites
Authors: Maghsoudi Khosrow , Motahari Siamak 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTEpoxy composites were prepared with different contents of hydrophobic silica aerogel particles to investigate their mechanical, thermal, and hydrophobic properties. The composites, particularly the one containing 1 wt % silica aerogel, showed remarkable toughness and yielding behaviors compared to neat epoxy, with its brittle behavior. As the content of silica aerogel increased, the thermal properties of the composites (e.g., thermal conductivity and thermal stability) improved. This was due to the very low thermal conductivity and high thermal stability of the silica aerogel particles. Moreover, the use of the hydrophobic silica aerogel led to the development of composites with hydrophobic properties. To examine the hydrophobicity more deeply, a series of water‐uptake tests were performed, and the results show that the composite with 3 wt % silica aerogel absorbed 50% less water than the neat epoxy. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45706.
Effect of processing parameters of the continuous wet spinning system on the crystal phase of PVDF fibers
Authors: Jeong Kun , Kim Da Hye , Chung Yong Sik , Hwang Sang Kyun , Hwang Hui Yun , Kim Seong Su 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTPoly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) has been widely used in piezoelectric applications as films and nanofiber mats, but there are limited publications on piezoelectric wet‐spun fibers. In this work, PVDF fibers were prepared using the wet spinning method, and the processing parameters, including the drawing ratio and heat setting temperature, were controlled in the continuous wet spinning system to increase the β‐phase crystallinity of the fibers. In addition, the wet‐spun PVDF fibers were compressed by a rolling press to eliminate voids in the fibers. Then, the compressed PVDF fibers were poled to align the molecular dipoles. The crystal structures of the PVDF fibers were investigated using X‐ray diffraction and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. Single filament tensile tests were performed to measure the tensile strength of the fibers. The morphologies of the PVDF fibers with respect to the processing parameters were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and polarization optical microscopy. The piezoelectric constant of the prepared PVDF fibers was then measured using a d33meter. The wet‐spun PVDF fibers showed the highest β‐phase and piezoelectric constants when the drawing ratio and heat setting temperature were 6 and 150 °C, respectively. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2018,135, 45712.
Impacts of Indian waterfern (Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brongn.) infestation and removal on macroinvertebrate biodiversity and conservation in spring‐fed streams in the Australian arid zone
Authors: Carey Nicole , Strachan Scott R. , Robson Belinda J. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Removal of invasive macrophytes is a priority for river managers. However, the ecological effects of macrophyte removal on macroinvertebrate diversity are rarely examined but may be of particular significance in conservation reserves and when threatened species are present.
This study investigated the macroinvertebrate fauna inhabiting invasive and native macrophytes in spring‐fed channels in the Millstream‐Chichester National Park, Australia. The effects of waterfern management (periodic hand‐weeding) were examined by comparing assemblages at weeded and unweeded reaches on three occasions.
Ceratopteris thalictroides harboured a diverse, insect‐dominated macroinvertebrate assemblage, including the endangered damselfly Nososticta pilbara. Total taxon richness was similar between waterfern and native macrophytes, but macroinvertebrate assemblages differed in the dry season. Damselflies (including N. pilbara) were associated with waterfern‐dominated reaches, whereas dragonfly nymphs were more common among native macrophytes.
Weeding altered macroinvertebrate assemblage composition. Some weeded reaches developed assemblages indistinguishable from those in native‐dominated reaches, but others did not. Weeded reaches often supported taxa that were rare or absent from waterfern‐dominated reaches, including suspension feeders, found also in native‐dominated reaches.
Odonata are particularly diverse at Millstream, with 18 species recorded. Odonate species richness was significantly lower at weeded reaches than unweeded reaches. Nososticta pilbara and other short‐range endemic species were absent from weeded reaches. As most odonates are univoltine, these adverse effects on local population size may affect species persistence.
Invasive macrophyte species may support a high diversity of native invertebrates, including endangered and short‐range endemic species. Furthermore, although hand‐weeding appeared to enable a greater diversity of species to co‐exist, the removal of a large biomass of macrophytes appeared to remove whole cohorts of insect populations from stream reaches, including endangered species. Removal of invasive macrophytes should not be implemented without understanding their effects on invertebrate assemblage composition and life‐cycles.
Emotions Know Best: The Advantage of Emotional versus Cognitive Responses to Failure
Authors: Nelson Noelle , Malkoc Selin A. , Shiv Baba 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMaking mistakes or failing at tasks is a common occurrence in human life. People can respond to and cope with failure in many ways. In this research, we examine potential advantages of relatively emotional (versus cognitive) responses to failure. In particular, we study how effort and time spent in subsequent tasks depend on whether people predominantly focus on their emotions or their cognitions as they respond to a failure. We demonstrate that, left to their own means, people's cognitions upon a failure are mainly justificatory in nature and thus do not automatically have the commonly believed reflective, self‐improving qualities. We further argue and demonstrate that a relative focus on cognitions following a failure can prevent improvement in subsequent episodes, but a focus on emotions can allow for learning and, therefore, increased effort. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CDP‐choline circumvents mercury‐induced mitochondrial damage and renal dysfunction
Authors: Buelna‐Chontal Mabel , Franco Martha , Hernández‐Esquivel Luz , Pavón Natalia , Rodríguez‐Zavala José S. , Correa Francisco , Jasso Ricardo , Pichardo‐Ramos Gregorio , Santamaría José , González‐Pacheco Héctor , Soto Virgilia , Díaz‐Ruíz Jorge L. , Chávez Edmundo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHeavy metal ions are known to produce harmful alterations on kidney function. Specifically, the accumulation of Hg2+in kidney tissue may induce renal failure. In this work, the protective effect of CDP‐choline against the deleterious effects induced by Hg2+on renal function was studied. CDP‐choline administered ip at a dose of 125 mg/kg body weight prevented the damage induced by Hg2+administration at a dose of 3 mg/kg body weight. The findings indicate that CDP‐choline guards mitochondria against Hg2+‐toxicity by preserving their ability to retain matrix content, such as accumulated Ca2+. This nucleotide also protected mitochondria from Hg2+‐induced loss of the transmembrane electric gradient and from the generation of hydrogen peroxide and membrane TBARS. In addition, CDP‐choline avoided the oxidative damage of mtDNA and inhibited the release of the interleukins IL‐1 and IL6, recognized as markers of acute inflammatory reaction. After the administration of Hg2+and CDP, CDP‐choline maintained nearly normal levels of renal function and creatinine clearance, as well as blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine.