bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial activity of glass ionomer cement modified by zinc oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Garcia Patrícia Petromilli Nordi Sasso , Cardia Mariana Florian Bell , Francisconi Renata Serignoli , Dovigo Lívia Nordi , Spolidório Denise Madalena Palomari , de Souza Rastelli Alessandra Nara , Botta Ana Carolina 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis study evaluated the antibacterial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles incorporated into self‐cured glass ionomer cement (GIC) and light‐cured resin‐reinforced GIC onStreptococcus mutansbiofilm. The GICs, Fuji II (GC America) and Fuji II LC (GC America), were incorporated with nanoparticles at concentrations of 0%, 1%, and 2% by weight, and the biofilm maturation time was one and seven days. Circular specimens of each GIC type were prepared. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by determining the number of colony forming units ofS. mutansstrain per milliliter. Morphology of the biofilm was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data obtained for each GIC were analyzed by two‐way ANOVA (α = 5%). For chemically activated GIC, no significant difference was observed in relation to the time of biofilm maturation (p = 0.744), concentration of nanoparticles (p = 0.966), and their interaction (p = 0.800). The results from analysis of GIC modified by light‐polymerized resin showed that only of the maturing time significantly affected the number of adhered cells on the biofilm (p = 0.034,F = 4.778). The more mature the biofilm, higher the number of cells. SEM analysis showed no change in cell morphology in relation to the type of GIC, maturation time, and nanoparticles concentration. We conclude that the inclusion of zinc oxide nanoparticles at concentrations of 1% and 2% by weight into the GICs evaluated here, did not promote their antimicrobial activity againstS. mutans.
Biofilm formation in Haas palatal expanders with and without use of an antimicrobial agent: an in situ study
Authors: Bagatin Cristhiane Ristum , Andrucioli Marcela Cristina Damião , Ferreira José Tarcísio Lima , Matsumoto Mírian Aiko Nakane , da Silva Raquel Assed Bezerra , da Silva Lea Assed Bezerra , Romano Fábio Lourenço , Nelson‐Filho Paulo 
Published: December 2016

AbstractOrthodontic appliances causes specific alterations in oral environment, including reduction of pH, increase of dental biofilm and elevation of salivary microbial levels, causing an increased risk for dental caries. This study evaluated, using microbial culture and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the in situ contamination by mutans streptococci (MS) of different surfaces of Haas palatal expanders with and without use of chlorhexidine gluconate mouthrinses (CHX). Thirty‐four patients were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 17/group), using placebo (Group I) and 0.12% CHX (Group II—Periogard®) mouthrinses twice a week. After 4 months, appliances were submitted to microbiological processing and after fragments were analyzed by SEM. Mann–Whitney U test (α = 5%) was used to assess differences between groups on the appliances' different surfaces and to compare the contamination on the free and nonfree surfaces of these components. There was no difference (p = 0.999) between groups regarding the number of MS colonies/biofilms on the nonfree surfaces, which showed intense contamination. However, free surfaces of Group II presented less contamination (p < 0.001) than those of Group I in all appliances' components. Results of the microbial culture were confirmed by SEM. Use of 0.12% CHX was effective in reducing the formation of MS colonies/biofilms on free surfaces of Haas expanders, in situ.
Middle cranial fossa approach to repair tegmen defects assisted by three‐dimensionally printed temporal bone models
Authors: Ahmed Sameer , VanKoevering Kyle K. , Kline Stephanie , Green Glenn E. , Arts H. Alexander 
Published: December 2016

Objectives/HypothesisTo explore the perioperative utility of three‐dimensionally (3D)‐printed temporal bone models of patients undergoing repair of lateral skull base defects and spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks with the middle cranial fossa approach.Study DesignCase series.Methods3D‐printed temporal bone models—based on patient‐specific, high‐resolution computed tomographic imaging—were constructed using inexpensive polymer materials. Preoperatively, the models demonstrated the extent of temporal lobe retraction necessary to visualize the proposed defects in the lateral skull base. Also preoperatively, Silastic sheeting was arranged across the modeled tegmen, marked, and cut to cover all of the proposed defect sites. The Silastic sheeting was then sterilized and subsequently served as a precise intraoperative template for a synthetic dural replacement graft. Of note, these grafts were customized without needing to retract the temporal lobe.ResultsFive patients underwent the middle cranial fossa approach assisted by 3D‐printed temporal bone models to repair tegmen defects and spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks. No complications were encountered. The prefabricated dural repair grafts were easily placed and fit precisely onto the middle fossa floor without any additional modifications. All defects were covered as predicted by the 3D temporal bone models. At their postoperative visits, all five patients maintained resolution of their spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks.ConclusionsInexpensive 3D‐printed temporal bone models of tegmen defects can serve as beneficial adjuncts during lateral skull base repair. The models provide a panoramic preoperative view of all tegmen defects and allow for custom templating of dural grafts without temporal lobe retraction.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 127:2347–2351, 2017
Watershed Health Characterization Using Reliability–Resilience–Vulnerability Conceptual Framework Based on Hydrological Responses
Authors: Hazbavi Zeinab , Sadeghi Seyed Hamidreza R. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAn attempt was made to employ the reliability (Rel)–resilience (Res)–vulnerability (Vul) conceptual framework to develop a typical indicator system for quantitative assessment of watershed health. The study aimed to conceptualize and customize the RelResVul framework to watershed health assessment for the Shazand Watershed in Markazi Province, Iran, for the period of 1977–2014. To this end, four easily, reliable, available and accessible criteria viz. standardized precipitation index (SPI), low and high flow discharges (LFD and HFD), and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) were selected, and corresponding indices for reliability–resilience–vulnerability (RelResVul) framework were accordingly conceptualized and calculated. The thresholds of 0.1, 0.16 m3 s−1, 12.63 m3 s−1 and 25 mg l−1 day−1 were thus selected for SPI, LFD, HFD and SSC, respectively. The results showed a decreasing trend in Rel and Res, and an increasing trend in Vul for SPI and LFD in the Shazand Watershed. The results further showed an increasing trend in Rel, and a decreasing trend in Vul for HFD and SSC. A decreasing trend was ultimately recognized in watershed health index for all criteria except SSC. Additionally, the integrated hydrological watershed health index of 0.16 ± 0.11 obtained from the geometric mean of the RelResVul framework indices also showed a decreasing trend for the Shazand Watershed health during the study period. The results of the present initiative study can be considered as a baseline by decision makers and managers to effectively adjust watershed management strategies to handle land degradation issues in the area. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Raindrop Temperatures on Soil Runoff and Erosion in Dry and Wet Soils. A Laboratory Experiment
Authors: Sachs Eyal , Sarah Pariente 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe effect of raindrop temperatures on runoff generation and erosion on clayey soil was investigated in sprinkling experiments with a laboratory rotating disk rain simulator. The experiments were applied to Rhodoxeralt (Terra Rossa) soil with two pre‐prepared moisture contents: hygroscopic and field capacity. For each moisture content, three rainfall temperatures were applied: 2, 20, and 35 °C. Erosion was generally lower in the pre‐wetted soil than in the dry soil (12.5 and 24.4 g m−2 per 40 mm of rain, respectively). Whereas there was no significant effect of raindrop temperature on the dry soil, the soil that was pre‐moistened to field capacity was affected by rainwater temperature: runoff and erosion were high when the temperature difference between rainfall and soil surface was high, and sediment yields were 13·9, 5·2, and 18·3 g m−2 per 40 mm of rain, for rain temperature of 2, 20, and 35 °C, respectively. It is reasonable to conclude that thermophoresis caused by thermal gradients within the soil solution reduces the stability of aggregates and then increases the soil losses. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
To reverse or not to reverse? A systematic review of autograft polarity on functional outcomes following peripheral nerve repair surgery
Authors: Roberts S. E. , Thibaudeau S. , Burrell J. C. , Zager E. L. , Cullen D. K. , Levin L. S. 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundThe literature describing the best clinical practice for proximal–distal autograft orientation, otherwise known as nerve graft polarity, is inconsistent. With existing disparities in the peripheral nerve literature, the clinical question remains whether reversing nerve autograft polarity bears an advantage for nerve regeneration.MethodsA comprehensive review of the literature using Embase and PubMed databases (1940–June 2015) was performed to retrieve all original articles on the effects of nerve autograft polarity on nerve regeneration and functional recovery following primary repair of peripheral nerve defects.ResultsThe initial database search yielded 318 titles. Duplicate exclusion, title review and full text review yielded six articles which directly compared nerve autograft polarity. Histological, morphometric, electrophysiological, and behavioral outcomes were reviewed. All retained articles were animal studies, of which none demonstrated significant differences in outcomes between the normal and reversed polarity groups. A reversed graft may ensure that regenerating nerve fibers are not lost at branching points, however this may not translate into improved function.ConclusionThere is insufficient data to suggest that nerve autograft polarity has an impact on nerve regeneration and functional outcomes.
Asymmetry of lower extremity force and muscle activation during knee extension and functional tasks
Authors: Bond Colin W. , Cook Summer B. , Swartz Erik E. , Laroche Dain P. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionStrength and power asymmetries of >10% may negatively impact physical function.MethodsTwenty‐four healthy participants, 30–60 years of age, were assessed for muscle power asymmetry during isokinetic knee extension and ground reaction force asymmetry during chair‐rise and vertical jump tasks. Neuromuscular activation asymmetry and coactivation of vastus lateralis (VL) and biceps femoris (BF) were assessed in each condition. Symmetric (SG) and asymmetric (AG) groups were identified using a 10% knee extension power asymmetry criterion.ResultsThe AG had greater chair‐rise rate of force development asymmetry (P = 0.003, d = 1.29), but a similar chair‐rise and vertical jump peak force asymmetry as the SG. Large group effects were found for VL activation asymmetry during knee extension (P = 0.047, d = 0.87), BF activation asymmetry during vertical jump (P = 0.015, d = 1.12), and strong leg coactivation during vertical jump (P = 0.028, d = 0.96).ConclusionsCompensation for muscle power asymmetry may occur during functional tasks, potentially through differential activation of strong and weak leg muscles. Muscle Nerve 56: 495–504, 2017
Phase‐field modeling of ductile fracture at finite strains: A robust variational‐based numerical implementation of a gradient‐extended theory by micromorphic regularization
Authors: Miehe Christian , Aldakheel Fadi , Teichtmeister Stephan 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThis work provides a robust variational‐based numerical implementation of a phase field model of ductile fracture in elastic–plastic solids undergoing large strains. This covers a computationally efficient micromorphic regularization of the coupled gradient plasticity‐damage formulation. The phase field approach regularizes sharp crack surfaces within a pure continuum setting by a specific gradient damage modeling with geometric features rooted in fracture mechanics. It has proven immensely successful with regard to the analysis of complex crack topologies without the need for fracture‐specific computational structures such as finite element design of crack discontinuities or intricate crack‐tracking algorithms. The proposed gradient‐extended plasticity‐damage formulation includes two independent length scales that regularize both the plastic response as well as the crack discontinuities. This ensures that the damage zones of ductile fracture are inside of plastic zones or vice versa and guarantees on the computational side a mesh objectivity in post‐critical ranges. The proposed setting is rooted in a canonical variational principle. The coupling of gradient plasticity to gradient damage is realized by a constitutive work density function that includes the stored elastic energy and the dissipated work due to plasticity and fracture. The latter represents a coupled resistance to plasticity and damage, depending on the gradient‐extended internal variables that enter plastic yield functions and fracture threshold functions. With this viewpoint on the generalized internal variables at hand, the thermodynamic formulation is outlined for gradient‐extended dissipative solids with generalized internal variables that are passive in nature. It is specified for a conceptual model of von Mises‐type elasto‐plasticity at finite strains coupled with fracture. The canonical theory proposed is shown to be governed by a rate‐type minimization principle, which fully determines the coupled multi‐field evolution problem. This is exploited on the numerical side by a fully symmetric monolithic finite element implementation. An important aspect of this work is the regularization towards a micromorphic gradient plasticity‐damage setting by taking into account additional internal variable fields linked to the original ones by penalty terms. This enhances the robustness of the finite element implementation, in particular, on the side of gradient plasticity. The performance of the formulation is demonstrated by means of some representative examples. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An interface finite element based on a frictional contact formulation with an associative plasticity model for the tangential interaction
Authors: Michaloudis G. , Konyukhov A. , Gebbeken N. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryIn this contribution, a three‐dimensional frictional contact formulation in the form of an interface solid finite element is discussed. The interface element incorporates normal as well as tangential contact conditions and aims at the modeling of phenomena occurring in engineering problems on the interface between different materials. The focus of this work lies on the description of the tangential interaction of bodies on their contact interface. Instead of the widely used Coulomb friction law, a simple elastoplastic material law is applied in order to model the interaction mechanism on the tangent plane. Appropriate local coordinate systems are introduced on the surface and point of contact, and all contact operations are performed in these coordinate systems by adopting a fully covariant description. In this way, we derive a symmetric element stiffness matrix not only for the case of sticking but also for sliding. Exploiting the advantages of the covariant description, we show that the fact that the derived stiffness matrix discretely consists of constitutive and geometrical parts enables us to introduce rather straightforwardly new appropriate interface laws describing the tangential interaction of the contacting bodies. The presented numerical results show very good correlation of the developed approach with ‘pull‐out’ experiments. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sharing information about cancer with one's family is associated with improved quality of life
Authors: Lai Carlo , Borrelli Beatrice , Ciurluini Paola , Aceto Paola 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the association between cancer patients' ability to share information about their illness with their social network and attachment style dimensions, alexithymia, and quality of life. We hypothesised that ability to share information about one's cancer with family, friends, and medical teams would be positively associated with quality of life and secure attachment and negatively associated with alexithymia.MethodsForty‐five cancer patients were recruited from the Psycho‐oncology Unit of the San Camillo‐Forlanini Hospital in Rome. We collected anamnestic data and self‐report data on social sharing ability, quality of life, alexithymia, and attachment.ResultsSharing with family (B = 4.66; SE = 1.82; β = .52; SE = 0.20; t(41) = 2.6; P = .0143) was the only predictor of global health status, and attachment security was the only predictor of mean social sharing (B = 0.25; SE = 0.06; β = .63; SE = 0.14; t(41) = 4.4; P < .0001).ConclusionsEncouraging patients to share information about their experience of cancer may help to improve their quality of life. Attachment security seems to promote social sharing. Psychological assessments of cancer patients should cover both ability to share information about one's cancer with family and attachment security.
Inheritance of evolved clethodim resistance in Lolium rigidum populations from Australia
Authors: Saini Rupinder Kaur , Malone Jenna , Gill Gurjeet , Preston Christopher 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn Australia, the extensive use of clethodim for the control of Lolium rigidum has resulted in the evolution of many clethodim‐resistant L. rigidum populations. Five clethodim‐resistant populations of L. rigidum were analysed for the inheritance of clethodim resistance.RESULTSReciprocal crosses were made between resistant (R) and susceptible (S) populations. Within crosses, dose–responses of reciprocal F1 families of all populations except A61 were similar to each other, indicating that clethodim resistance in these populations is encoded on the nuclear genome. The level of dominance observed in the dose–response experiments ranged from partial to complete within the herbicide rate used. In the A61 population, within each cross, the response of F1 from the maternal and paternal parent was different, indicating that resistance is inherited through the female parent. All backcross populations segregated in a different manner. Only one population, FP, fitted a single‐gene model (1:1). Two populations fitted two‐gene models: a 3:1 inheritance model for F4 and a 1:3 inheritance model for A91. For population E2, no clear pattern of inheritance was determined, suggesting more complex inheritance.CONCLUSIONThe results of this study indicate that different patterns of clethodim resistance in L. rigidum exist. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Model averaging for treatment effect estimation in subgroups
Authors: Bornkamp Björn , Ohlssen David , Magnusson Baldur P. , Schmidli Heinz 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn many clinical trials, biological, pharmacological, or clinical information is used to define candidate subgroups of patients that might have a differential treatment effect. Once the trial results are available, interest will focus on subgroups with an increased treatment effect. Estimating a treatment effect for these groups, together with an adequate uncertainty statement is challenging, owing to the resulting “random high” / selection bias. In this paper, we will investigate Bayesian model averaging to address this problem. The general motivation for the use of model averaging is to realize that subgroup selection can be viewed as model selection, so that methods to deal with model selection uncertainty, such as model averaging, can be used also in this setting. Simulations are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach. We illustrate it on an example early‐phase clinical trial.
Characterization of nitrated sugar alcohols by atmospheric‐pressure chemical‐ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Ostrinskaya Alla , Kelley Jude A. , Kunz Roderick R. 
Published: December 2016

RationaleThe nitrated sugar alcohols mannitol hexanitrate (MHN), sorbitol hexanitrate (SHN) and xylitol pentanitrate (XPN) are in the same class of compounds as the powerful military‐grade explosive pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) and the homemade explosive erythritol tetranitrate (ETN) but, unlike for PETN and ETN, ways to detect MHN, SHN and XPN by mass spectrometry (MS) have not been fully investigated.MethodsAtmospheric‐pressure chemical‐ionization mass spectrometry (APCI‐MS) was used to detect ions characteristic of nitrated sugar alcohols. APCI time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (APCI‐TOF MS) and collision‐induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (CID MS/MS) were used for confirmation of each ion assignment. In addition, the use of the chemical ionization reagent dichloromethane was investigated to improve sensitivity and selectivity for detection of MHN, SHN and XPN.ResultsAll the nitrated sugar alcohols studied followed similar fragmentation pathways in the APCI source. MHN, SHN and XPN were detectable as fragment ions formed by the loss of NO2, HNO2, NO3, and CH2NO2 groups, and in the presence of dichloromethane chlorinated adduct ions were observed. It was determined that in MS/MS mode, chlorinated adducts of MHN and SHN had the lowest limits of detection (LODs), while for XPN the lowest LOD was for the [XPN–NO2]– fragment ion. Partially nitrated analogs of each of the three compounds were also present in the starting materials, and ions attributable to these compounds versus those formed from in‐source fragmentation of MHN, SHN, and XPN were distinguished and assigned using liquid chromatography APCI‐MS and ESI‐MS.ConclusionsThe APCI‐MS technique provides a selective and sensitive method for the detection of nitrated sugar alcohols. The methods disclosed here will benefit the area of explosives trace detection for counterterrorism and forensics. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.