bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methotrexate and low-dose prednisolone downregulate osteoclast function by decreasing receptor activator of nuclear factor-κβ expression in monocytes from patients with early rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Perpétuo Inês Pedro , Caetano-Lopes Joana , Rodrigues Ana Maria , Campanilho-Marques Raquel , Ponte Cristina , Canhão Helena , Ainola Mari , Fonseca João Eurico 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic, immune-mediated inflammatory disease that ultimately leads to bone erosions and joint destruction. Methotrexate (MTX) slows bone damage but the mechanism by which it acts is still unknown. In this study, we aimed to assess the effect of MTX and low-dose prednisolone (PDN) on circulating osteoclast (OC) precursors and OC differentiation in patients with RA.MethodsPatients with RA before and at least 6 months after MTX therapy were analysed and compared with healthy donors. A blood sample was collected in order to assess receptor activator of NF-κβ (RANK) ligand surface expression on circulating leucocytes and frequency and phenotype of monocyte subpopulations. Quantification of serum levels of bone turnover markers and cytokines and OC differentiation assays were performed.ResultsClassical activation markers of monocytes and RANK increased in patients with RA at baseline, compared with control healthy donors, and after MTX and low-dose PDN (MTX+PDN) exposure they decreased to control levels. Although the number of OC was not different between groups, the percentage of resorbed area and the resorbed area per pit reduced after treatment. Serum soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa (RANKL) levels increased at baseline compared with healthy donors and normalised after therapy.ConclusionOur results suggest that MTX+PDN play an important role in downregulating OC function, which we believe occurs through the decrease in RANK surface expression in monocytes.
Phase transition and monopole densities in a nearest neighbor two-dimensional spin ice model
Authors: Morais C. W. , De Freitas D. N. , Mota A. L. , Bastone E. C. 
Published: July 2017

In this work, we show that, due to the alternating orientation of the spins in the ground state of the artificial square spin ice, the influence of a set of spins at a certain distance of a reference spin decreases faster than the expected result for the long range dipolar interaction, justifying the use of the nearest neighbor two-dimensional square spin ice model as an effective model. Using an extension of the model presented in Y. L. Xie et al., Sci. Rep. 5, 15875 (2015), considering the influence of the eight nearest neighbors of each spin on the lattice, we analyze the thermodynamics of the model and study the dependence of monopoles and string densities as a function of the temperature.
Increased IFNγ+ T Cells Are Responsible for the Clinical Responses of Low-Dose DNA-Demethylating Agent Decitabine Antitumor Therapy
Authors: Li Xiang , Zhang Yan , Chen Meixia , Mei Qian , Liu Yang , Feng Kaichao , Jia Hejin , Dong Liang , Shi Lu , Liu Lin , Nie Jing , Han Weidong 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Purpose: Low-dose DNA-demethylating agent decitabine therapy is effective in a subgroup of cancer patients. It remains largely elusive for the biomarker to predict therapeutic response and the underlying antitumor mechanisms, especially the impact on host antitumor immunity.
Experimental Design: The influence of low-dose decitabine on T cells was detected both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, a test cohort and a validation cohort of advanced solid tumor patients with low-dose decitabine-based treatment were involved. The activation, proliferation, polarization, and cytolysis capacity of CD3+ T cells were analyzed by FACS and CCK8 assay. Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis were performed to investigate the prognostic value of enhanced T-cell activity following decitabine epigenetic therapy.
Results: Low-dose decitabine therapy enhanced the activation and proliferation of human IFNγ+ T cells, promoted Th1 polarization and activity of cytotoxic T cells both in vivo and in vitro, which in turn inhibited cancer progression and augmented the clinical effects of patients. In clinical trials, increased IFNγ+ T cells and increased T-cell cytotoxicity predicted improved therapeutic responses and survival in the test cohort and validation cohort.
Conclusions: We find that low-dose decitabine therapy promotes antitumor T-cell responses by promoting T-cell proliferation and the increased IFNγ+ T cells may act as a potential prognostic biomarker for the response to decitabine-based antitumor therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 23(20); 6031–43. ©2017 AACR.
ОТДАЛЕННЫЕ РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ОПЕРАТИВНОГО ЛЕЧЕНИЯ УЗЛОВЫХ ОБРАЗОВАНИЙ ЩИТОВИДНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ
Authors: Yusupov Sh. A. , Kurbaniyazov Z. B. , Davlatov S. S. , Rakhmanov K. E. , Daminov F. A. 
Published: July 2017

Мета дослідження – покращення результатів хірургічного лікування хворих з вузловим зобом.Матеріал і методи. У дослідження був включений 281 пацієнт із захворюваннями щитоподібної залози, госпіталізований у відділення хірургії Самаркандського державного медичного інституту для проведення оперативного лікування протягом 2009–2016 рр.Результати. Рецидив вузлового зоба спостерігався у 9 випадках (4,7 % хворих) у часовому проміжку від 2 до 6 років. Наслідки оперативного втручання були благополучними, у 30 % пацієнтів були виявлені атипові клітини у протилежній частці щитоподібної залози, хоча клінічно вонавиглядала інтактною.Висновки. На основі вивчення віддалених результатів хірургічного лікування визначено оптимальний об’єм хірургічного втручання при різних морфологічних формах вузлового зоба. Адекватними об’ємами оперативного втручання визначено геміструмектомію, максимально субтотальну резекцію щитоподібної залози та тиреоїдектомію. При проведенні адекватної замісної терапії різко знижується число рецидивів після проведених оперативних втручань. Найбільший відсоток (4,7 %) рецидивів, не залежно від морфологічної форми вузлового зоба, зафіксовано при проведенні економної резекції та енуклеації вузла щитоподібної залози.
ОЦІНКА ЯКОСТІ ЖИТТЯ У ПАЦІЄНТІВ З АРТЕРІАЛЬНОЮ ГІПЕРТЕНЗІЄЮ
Authors: Alifer O. O. 
Published: July 2017

Резюме Артеріальна гіпертензія (АГ)- одна з найбільш значущих проблем охорони здоров’я в усьому світі. Причиною різного контролю артеріального тиску (АТ) можуть бути особливості поведінки, способу життя пацієнта, здатності сприймати поради щодо лікування АГ, різний соціальний статус.Метою дослідження було вивчення змін показників ЯЖ амбулаторних пацієнтів з АГ I, II та III ступенів згідно даних опитувальника SF-36.Матеріали і методи. В дослідження включено 126 хворих з верифікованим діагнозом первинної АГ, з них - 86 жінок (68 %) і 40 чоловіків (32 %) у віці від 22 років до 81 років. Середній вік пацієнтів склав 53,3 ± 3,03 років. Для оцінки ЯЖ пацієнтів з АГ під час отримання лікування, використовували опитувальник SF-36, який дозволяє оцінити суб’єктивну задоволеність хворого своїм фізичним, психічним станом, соціальним функціонуванням.Висновки. Під час дослідження динаміки ЯЖ у пацієнтів з АГ виявлено, що при АГ I ступеня в порівнянні з АГ II ступеня були достовірно (Р < 0,05) більш високі показники ЯЖ по шкалі PF- на 6,34% (р˃0,05) проти 24,2% відповідно (р < 0,05)), RE на 12,0% (р˃0,05) та GH 60,6% (р< 0,05). Порівняння ЯЖ у пацієнтів з АГ II та III ступеню встановило достовірні відмінності за шкалами PF, RE, SF, ВР і GH (р˃0,05).
Electrical and Structural Substrate of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy Determined Using Noninvasive Electrocardiographic Imaging and Late Gadolinium Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Andrews Christopher M. , Srinivasan Neil T. , Rosmini Stefania , Bulluck Heerajnarain , Orini Michele , Jenkins Sharon , Pantazis Antonis , McKenna William J. , Moon James C. , Lambiase Pier D. , Rudy Yoram 
Published: July 2017

Background—
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a significant cause of sudden cardiac death in the young. Improved noninvasive assessment of ARVC and better understanding of the disease substrate are important for improving patient outcomes.

Methods and Results—

We studied 20 genotyped ARVC patients with a broad spectrum of disease using electrocardiographic imaging (a method for noninvasive cardiac electrophysiology mapping) and advanced late gadolinium enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance scar imaging. Compared with 20 healthy controls, ARVC patients had longer ventricular activation duration (median, 52 versus 42 ms;
P
=0.007) and prolonged mean epicardial activation-recovery intervals (a surrogate for local action potential duration; median, 275 versus 241 ms;
P
=0.014). In these patients, we observed abnormal and varied epicardial activation breakthrough locations and regions of nonuniform conduction and fractionated electrograms. Nonuniform conduction and fractionated electrograms were present in the early concealed phase of ARVC. Electrophysiological abnormalities colocalized with late gadolinium enhancement scar, indicating a relationship with structural disease. Premature ventricular contractions were common in ARVC patients with variable initiation sites in both ventricles. Premature ventricular contraction rate increased with exercise, and within anatomic segments, it correlated with prolonged repolarization, electric markers of scar, and late gadolinium enhancement (all
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—
Electrocardiographic imaging reveals electrophysiological substrate properties that differ in ARVC patients compared with healthy controls. A novel mechanistic finding is the presence of repolarization abnormalities in regions where ventricular ectopy originates. The results suggest a potential role for electrocardiographic imaging and late gadolinium enhancement in early diagnosis and noninvasive follow-up of ARVC patients.
Age-Specific Sex Differences in Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Depicted Carotid Intraplaque Hemorrhage
Authors: Singh Navneet , Moody Alan R. , Zhang Bowen , Kaminski Isabella , Kapur Kush , Chiu Stephanie , Tyrrell Pascal N. 
Published: July 2017

Background and Purpose—
Stroke rates are higher in men compared with women in the fourth through seventh decades of life, and higher rates may result from differences in carotid intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH), an unstable atherosclerotic plaque component. We report age-specific sex differences in the presence of magnetic resonance imaging-depicted carotid IPH.

Methods—
Patients (n=1115) underwent magnetic resonance imaging for carotid IPH between 2005 and 2014. Low-grade carotid stenosis patients (n=906) without prior endarterectomy were eligible for this cross-sectional study.

Results—

Of the 906 patients included (mean age±SD in years, 66.98±15.15), 63 (6.95%) had carotid IPH. In men and women, carotid IPH was present in 11.43% (48 of 420) and 3.09% (15 of 486), respectively (
P
<0.0001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis confirmed greater odds of carotid IPH in men for all ages: 45 to 54 (odds ratio=45.45; 95% confidence interval, 3.43–500), 55 to 64 years (odds ratio=21.74; 95% confidence interval, 3.21–142.86), 65 to 74 years (odds ratio=10.42; 95% confidence interval, 2.91–37.04), and ≥75 years (odds ratio=5.00; 95% confidence interval, 2.31–10.75). Male sex modified the effect of age on the presence of carotid IPH (β=0.074; SE=0.036;
P
=0.0411).

Conclusions—
Men have greater age-specific odds of magnetic resonance imaging-depicted carotid IPH compared with women. With increasing age post-menopause, the odds of carotid IPH in women becomes closer to that of men. Delayed onset of carotid IPH in women, an unstable plaque component, may partly explain differential stroke rates between sexes, and further studies are warranted.
Distributions of Tropical Precipitation Cluster Power and Their Changes under Global Warming. Part II: Long-Term Time Dependence in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 Models
Authors: Quinn Kevin M. , Neelin J. David 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDistributions of precipitation cluster power (latent heat release rate integrated over contiguous precipitating pixels) are examined in 1°–2°-resolution members of phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) climate model ensemble. These approximately reproduce the power-law range and large event cutoff seen in observations and the High Resolution Atmospheric Model (HiRAM) at 0.25°–0.5° in Part I. Under the representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) global warming scenario, the change in the probability of the most intense storm clusters appears in all models and is consistent with HiRAM output, increasing by up to an order of magnitude relative to historical climate. For the three models in the ensemble with continuous time series of high-resolution output, there is substantial variability on when these probability increases for the most powerful storm clusters become detectable, ranging from detectable within the observational period to statistically significant trends emerging only after 2050. A similar analysis of National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)–U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) AMIP-II reanalysis and Special Sensor Microwave Imager and Imager/Sounder (SSM/I and SSMIS) rain-rate retrievals in the recent observational record does not yield reliable evidence of trends in high power cluster probabilities at this time. However, the results suggest that maintaining a consistent set of overlapping satellite instrumentation with improvements to SSM/I–SSMIS rain-rate retrieval intercalibrations would be useful for detecting trends in this important tail behavior within the next couple of decades.
Quantifying the Uncertainties of Reanalyzed Arctic Cloud and Radiation Properties Using Satellite Surface Observations
Authors: Huang Yiyi , Dong Xiquan , Xi Baike , Dolinar Erica K. , Stanfield Ryan E. , Qiu Shaoyue 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Reanalyses have proven to be convenient tools for studying the Arctic climate system, but their uncertainties should first be identified. In this study, five reanalyses (JRA-55, 20CRv2c, CFSR, ERA-Interim, and MERRA-2) are compared with NASA CERES–MODIS (CM)-derived cloud fractions (CFs), cloud water paths (CWPs), top-of-atmosphere (TOA) and surface longwave (LW) and shortwave (SW) radiative fluxes over the Arctic (70°–90°N) over the period of 2000–12, and CloudSat–CALIPSO (CC)-derived CFs from 2006 to 2010. The monthly mean CFs in all reanalyses except JRA-55 are close to or slightly higher than the CC-derived CFs from May to September. However, wintertime CF cannot be confidently evaluated until instrument simulators are implemented in reanalysis products. The comparison between CM and CC CFs indicates that CM-derived CFs are reliable in summer but not in winter. Although the reanalysis CWPs follow the general seasonal variations of CM CWPs, their annual means are only half or even less than the CM-retrieved CWPs (126 g m−2). The annual mean differences in TOA and surface SW and LW fluxes between CERES EBAF and reanalyses are less than 6 W m−2 for TOA radiative fluxes and 16 W m−2 for surface radiative fluxes. All reanalyses show positive biases along the northern and eastern coasts of Greenland as a result of model elevation biases or possible CM clear-sky retrieval issues. The correlations between the reanalyses and CERES satellite retrievals indicate that all five reanalyses estimate radiative fluxes better than cloud properties, and MERRA-2 and JRA-55 exhibit comparatively higher correlations for Arctic cloud and radiation properties.
Projected Hydroclimatic Changes in Two Major River Basins at the Canadian West Coast Based on High-Resolution Regional Climate Simulations
Authors: Erler Andre R. , Peltier W. Richard 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The impact of anthropogenic climate change on water resources and flood and drought risk is of great interest for impact modeling and to inform adaptation strategies. Here an analysis of hydroclimatic changes in the Fraser and Athabasca River basins in western Canada is presented, based on an ensemble of climate projections, which have been dynamically downscaled to 10-km resolution using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model in two configurations. The GCM ensemble comprises four independent integrations of the Community Earth System Model under the representative concentration pathway 8.5. Basin-integrated changes in the seasonal cycle of hydroclimatic variables, and the variability of water supply and flood and drought risk, are considered. It is found that fall and winter precipitation generally increase by 20%–30% toward the end of the century, while changes in summer precipitation are smaller and associated with high model uncertainty. Furthermore, a reduction in snowfall and an increase in evapotranspiration are projected. However, projected impacts on water resources east and west of the Rocky Mountains are quite different: in basins closer to the coast (west of the Rocky Mountains) higher temperatures lead to a transition from predominantly solid to liquid precipitation and a significantly weaker spring freshet, followed by drier summers. In the lee of the Rocky Mountains the spring freshet remains largely unaffected and in summer the increase in evapotranspiration (ET) is compensated by increasing precipitation, so that water balance changes appear to be small. It is further found that a shift in runoff seasonality near the coast may lead to significantly increased flood risk in fall.
Near 5-Day Nonisostatic Response to Atmospheric Surface Pressure and Coastal-Trapped Waves Observed in the Northern South China Sea
Authors: Zhao Ruixiang , Zhu Xiao-Hua , Park Jae-Hun 
Published: July 2017

AbstractOceanic, nonisostatic responses to near 5-day Rossby–Haurwitz atmospheric pressure waves have been observed in open oceans; however, such responses based on observations in marginal seas such as the South China Sea have not been reported, owing to the limited ocean bottom pressure Pbot records. The Pbot measurements from pressure recording inverted echo sounders (PIESs) at sites in the northern South China Sea revealed a nonisostatic-like response near 5 days, although the coastal-trapped waves (CTWs) appeared to obscure it because their broadband periods include the near 5-day band. Cross-spectral analysis revealed that the PIES Pbot records and the sea level (SL) records of Hong Kong all correlate strongly with the atmospheric pressure and winds over the East China Sea. This is indicative of remotely forced CTWs. The PIES Pbot records showed higher coherence near 5 days with the zonal low-pass wavelength filters applied to the atmospheric pressure, and the phase analysis results strongly suggest nonisostatic oceanic responses to the westward-propagating Rossby–Haurwitz waves. Effective separation of CTWs and the nonisostatic responses from the Pbot records at the near 5-day period was achieved. The oceanic responses to the Rossby–Haurwitz waves in the northern South China Sea were nonisostatic; a 1-mbar change in air pressure resulted in a 1.58-mbar change in Pbot with a phase lag of 14.8°. The mean phase speed of CTWs from Hong Kong to station P3 was estimated to be 9.9 m s−1.
Social Control of Deviants in Six Counties
Authors: Soothill K. L. , Adserballe H. , Bernheim J. , Dasananjali T. , Harding T. W. , Ribeiro R. Pinto , Reinhold F. , Soueif M. I. 
Published: July 2017

Descriptive information on the social control network for deviants in 6 countries with diverse social, economic and cultural backgrounds has been collected and compared. In each country it was possible to identify a sequence by which deviant behaviour is controlled and managed, consisting of 5 stages: discovery, official screening, disposal, release and after-care. It was also possible to make a clear distinction between the mental health systems and the criminal justice systems in each country. Differences were apparent in the extent of community involvement in the discovery stage and in the role of the primary level of health services. In some instances, differences were also apparent between rural and urban areas and between the way in which rich and poor people were handled. In all countries community after-care services are insufficient, particularly for offenders released from the prison system. This report is based on the first phase of a WHO collaborative study. It forms the basis for further work currently in progress which includes: (a) a review of laws to identify situations in which dangerousness is used as a criterion; (b) a study of consecutive cases of patients admitted against their will to mental hospitals and of individuals on whom the courts request psychiatric reports; and (c) a study of the reliability and reasons for dangerousness assessment made by various professional groups and based on a standard set of case histories.
Psychiatric Referrals from Court
Authors: Baird J. A. 
Published: July 2017

A group of 57 men referred by the procurator fiscal* for psychiatric assessment were compared with a control group of 57 men seen at a psychiatric outpatient clinic. The groups were found to be similar when compared by age and marital status and within each group there was a wide range of psychiatric problems, several of which were recorded with similar frequency in both groups. Psychotic illness was uncommon in both groups. In general, the only clear distinguishing feature between individuals in the 2 groups was the source of referral and the implication of this; namely that all fiscal cases had been charged with a criminal offence. The response to treatment amongst those in the control group who were seen on more than one occasion was encouraging, while only one fiscal referral was seen again by the doctor to whom he was initially referred. It is concluded that amongst court referrals there are treatment needs which are not being met as fully as they might be and the reasons for this, together with some possible solutions, are discussed
The Medical Recommendation for Psychiatric Remands into Prison—The Hong Kong Scene
Authors: Lau Bernard W. K. 
Published: July 2017

A review is presented of all the remand cases who were referred from the courts to the psychiatric staff of the Psychiatric Observation Unit in the Lai Chi Kok Reception Centre, Prisons Department, Hong Kong Government. Altogether 607 defendants were assessed during the 24-month period and reports were furnished which indicated the psychiatric diagnosis, medical recommendation and fitness to plead of each case. It is noted that over half of the remands were not mentally disordered and a psychiatric diagnosis was possible in less than half of the sample. Most of the cases belonged to the younger age group, namely 19–39, which is compatible with the finding of schizophrenia in the majority of the mentally ill remands. A considerable number of them had a history of previous psychiatric contact. The nature of the offences varied and they involved those against the person, the property and the public order. In comparison, the schizophrenics committing offences against the person of a non-sexual nature formed the largest sub-group. On the whole, the schizophrenics were most frequently remanded for psychiatric examination, most likely to be recommended for a medical disposal and almost certainly allowed to benefit from the treatment proposed. Factors associated with positive or negative as well as accepted or rejected recommendation were discussed. Special consideration was given to some of the problems concerning the treatment orders which are peculiar to Hong Kong.