bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic diversity ofPoa pratensisL. depending on geographical origin and compared with genetic markers
Authors: Szenejko Magdalena , Śmietana Przemysław , Stępień Edyta 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundPoa pratensisis one of the most common species of meadow grass in Europe. Most cultivars of the species found in Poland were originally derived from its ecotypes. We compared the effectiveness of the RAPD and ISSR methods in assessing the genetic diversity of the selected populations ofP. pratensis. We examined whether these methods could be useful for detecting a possible link between the geographical origin of a given population and its assessed genetic variation.MethodsThe molecular markers RAPD and ISSR were used and their efficiency compared using, inter alia, statistical multivariate methods (UPGMA and PCA).ResultsThe low value of Dice’s coefficient (0.369) along with the significantly high percentage of polymorphic products indicates a substantial degree of genetic diversity among the studied populations. Our results found a correlation between the geographical origin of the studied populations and their genetic variations. For ISSR, which proved to be the more effective method in that respect, we selected primers with the greatest differentiating powers correlating to geographical origin.DiscussionThe populations evaluated in this study were characterized by a high genetic diversity. This seems to confirm the hypothesis that ecotypes ofP. pratensisoriginating from different regions of Central Europe with different terrain structures and habitat conditions can be a source of great genetic variability.
Sex differences in pacing during ‘Ultraman Hawaii’
Authors: Knechtle Beat , Nikolaidis Pantelis T. 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundTo date, little is known for pacing in ultra-endurance athletes competing in a non-stop event and in a multi-stage event, and especially, about pacing in a multi-stage event with different disciplines during the stages. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the effect of age, sex and calendar year on triathlon performance and variation of performance by events (i.e., swimming, cycling 1, cycling 2 and running) in ‘Ultraman Hawaii’ held between 1983 and 2015.MethodsWithin each sex, participants were grouped in quartiles (i.e., Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4) with Q1 being the fastest (i.e., lowest overall time) and Q4 the slowest (i.e., highest overall time). To compare performance among events (i.e., swimming, cycling 1, cycling 2 and running), race time in each event was converted inzscore and this value was used for further analysis.ResultsA between-within subjects ANOVA showed a large sex × event (p= 0.015,η2= 0.014) and a medium performance group × event interaction (p= 0.001,η2= 0.012). No main effect of event on performance was observed (p= 0.174,η2= 0.007). With regard to the sex × event interaction, three female performance groups (i.e., Q2, Q3 and Q4) increased race time from swimming to cycling 1, whereas only one male performance group (Q4) revealed a similar trend. From cycling 1 to cycling 2, the two slower female groups (Q3 and Q4) and the slowest male group (Q4) increased raced time. In women, the fastest group decreased (i.e., improved) race time from swimming to cycling 1 and thereafter, maintained performance, whereas in men, the fastest group decreased race time till cycling 2 and increased it in the running.ConclusionIn summary, women pace differently than men during ‘Ultraman Hawaii’ where the fastest women decreased performance on day 1 and could then maintain on day 2 and 3, whereas the fastest men worsened performance on day 1 and 2 but improved on day 3.
Late Cenozoic tephrostratigraphy offshore the southern Central American Volcanic Arc: 2. Implications for magma production rates and subduction erosion
Authors: Schindlbeck J. C. , Kutterolf S. , Freundt A. , Straub S. M. , Vannucchi P. , Alvarado G. E. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPacific drill sites offshore Central America provide the unique opportunity to study the evolution of large explosive volcanism and the geotectonic evolution of the continental margin back into the Neogene. The temporal distribution of tephra layers established by tephrochonostratigraphy in Part 1 indicates a nearly continuous highly explosive eruption record for the Costa Rican and the Nicaraguan volcanic arc within the last 8 Myr. The widely distributed marine tephra layers comprise the major fraction of the respective erupted tephra volumes and masses thus providing insights into regional and temporal variations of large‐magnitude explosive eruptions along the southern Central American Volcanic Arc (CAVA). We observe three pulses of enhanced explosive volcanism between 0 and 1 Ma at the Cordillera Central, between 1 and 2 Ma at the Guanacaste and at >3 Ma at the Western Nicaragua segments. Averaged over the long‐term the minimum erupted magma flux (per unit arc length) is ∼0.017 g/ms. Tephra ages, constrained by Ar‐Ar dating and by correlation with dated terrestrial tephras, yield time‐variable accumulation rates of the intercalated pelagic sediments with four prominent phases of peak sedimentation rates that relate to tectonic processes of subduction erosion. The peak rate at >2.3 Ma near Osa particularly relates to initial Cocos Ridge subduction which began at 2.91 ± 0.23 Ma as inferred by the 1.5 Myr delayed appearance of the OIB geochemical signal in tephras from Barva volcano at 1.42 Ma. Subsequent tectonic re‐arrangements probably involved crustal extension on the Guanacaste segment that favored the 2–1 Ma period of unusually massive rhyolite production.
High‐resolution carbon cycle and seawater temperature evolution during the Early Jurassic (Sinemurian‐Early Pliensbachian)
Authors: Price Gregory D. , Baker Sarah J. , VanDeVelde Justin , Clémence Marie‐Emilie 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe Early Jurassic was marked by a progressive recovery from the end‐Triassic mass extinction and punctuated by recurring episodes of anoxia. These changes, associated with fluctuations in carbon isotope composition of marine carbonates, remain incompletely understood. Here we present a high‐resolution carbon and oxygen isotope record for the Early Jurassic based on well‐preserved marine mollusks (belemnites) from Dorset, UK. Our new data show a number of δ13C excursions, starting with a negative excursion at the Sinemurian‐Pliensbachian boundary Event followed by lesser negative excursions showing in the Polymorphous, Jamesoni, and Masseanum‐Valdani Subzones. The recognition of the Sinemurian‐Pliensbachian boundary Event in this study and elsewhere suggests that observed carbon‐isotope trends are likely to represent a supraregional perturbation of the carbon cycle. A prominent positive carbon‐isotope event is also seen within the Pliensbachian Ibex Zone. This event is also clearly evident in the data from belemnites from Spain. This carbon‐isotope excursion is not, however, coincident with inferred peak temperatures. The oxygen isotope and Mg/Ca data allow the determination of a number of pronounced Pliensbachian cool events. From the low point in the Brevispina Subzone, oxygen isotopes become more negative coupled with an increase in Mg/Ca values culminating in an Early Pliensbachian thermal maximum during the Davoei Zone. Taken with existing data, it appears that the Pliensbachian is characterized by two major warmings, first within the Davoei Zone followed by warming beginning in the latest Pliensbachian and peaking in the Early Toarcian.
Scales and dynamics of Submesoscale Coherent Vortices formed by deep convection in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Bosse Anthony , Testor Pierre , Houpert Loïc , Damien Pierre , Prieur Louis , Hayes Daniel , Taillandier Vincent , Durrieu de Madron Xavier , d'Ortenzio Fabrizio , Coppola Laurent , Karstensen Johannes , Mortier Laurent 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSince 2010, an intense effort in the collection of in situ observations has been carried out in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea thanks to gliders, profiling floats, regular cruises, and mooring lines. This integrated observing system enabled a year‐to‐year monitoring of the deep waters formation that occurred in the Gulf of Lions area during four consecutive winters (2010–2013). Vortical structures remnant of wintertime deep vertical mixing events were regularly sampled by the different observing platforms. These are Submesoscale Coherent Vortices (SCVs) characterized by a small radius (∼5–8 km), strong depth‐intensified orbital velocities (∼10–20 cm s−1) with often a weak surface signature, high Rossby (∼0.5) and Burger numbers O(0.5–1). Anticyclones transport convected waters resulting from intermediate (∼300 m) to deep (∼2000 m) vertical mixing. Cyclones are characterized by a 500–1000 m thick layer of weakly stratified deep waters (or bottom waters that cascaded from the shelf of the Gulf of Lions in 2012) extending down to the bottom of the ocean at ∼2500 m. The formation of cyclonic eddies seems to be favored by bottom‐reaching convection occurring during the study period or cascading events reaching the abyssal plain. We confirm the prominent role of anticyclonic SCVs and shed light on the important role of cyclonic SCVs in the spreading of a significant amount (∼30%) of the newly formed deep waters away from the winter mixing areas. Since they can survive until the following winter, they can potentially have a great impact on the mixed layer deepening through a local preconditioning effect.
Vinyl Sulfonates: A Click Function for Coupling‐and‐Decoupling Chemistry and their Applications
Authors: Cruz Carlos M. , Ortega‐Muñoz Mariano , López‐Jaramillo F. Javier , Hernández‐Mateo Fernando , Blanco Victor , Santoyo‐González Francisco 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe term coupling‐and‐decoupling (CAD) chemistry refers to applications in which efficient bond formation and subsequent cleavage between two moieties is required. Within this context, the scope of the vinyl sulfonate (VSO) group as an efficient tool for CAD chemistry is reported. The coupling step relies on the click features of the Michael‐type addition of diverse nucleophiles to vinyl sulfonates as a valuable methodology. The feasibility of this strategy has been proved by the high yields obtained in mild conditions with model VSO derivatives. Cleavage of the resulting sulfonate adducts either through nucleophilic substitution with different nucleophiles (for alkyl VSO groups) or through hydrolysis (for both alkyl and aryl VSO) are successful strategies for the decoupling step, the former being the most promising, as the reaction proceeds under milder conditions with thiol nucleophiles. Moreover, the click VSO coupling chemistry proves to be orthogonal with the click CuAAC reaction, which enables the VSO‐CAD methodology for the preparation of hetero‐bifunctional clickable and cleavable linkers for double click modular strategies. The potential of the VSO‐CAD chemistry is demonstrated in two biologically relevant examples: the decoupling of sulfonates with glutathione (GSH) under conditions compatible with those of living systems; and the synthesis of homo‐ and heterogeneous multivalent glycosylated systems from 1‐thio and 1‐azido or 1‐azidoethyl sugar derivatives and bis‐vinyl sulfonates (homo systems) or alkynyl‐VSO bifunctional clickable‐cleavable linkers (hetero systems). As proof of concept, the cleavable character of these multivalent systems was demonstrated by using one of them as a reversible linker for the non‐covalent assembling and chemical decoupling of two model lectins.magnified image
Thiotepa‐based conditioning for allogeneic stem cell transplantation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia—A survey from the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Eder Sandra , Beohou Eric , Labopin Myriam , Sanz Jaime , Finke Jürgen , Arcese William , Or Reuven , Bonifazi Francesca , Aljurf Mahmoud , Socié Gerard , Passweg Jakob , Giebel Sebastian , Mohty Mohamad , Nagler Arnon 
Published: September 2016

In this study, we analyzed a thiotepa‐based conditioning regimen for allogeneic stem cell transplantation in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, using the EBMT database. A total of 323 patients were identified. The median age was 43 years. Disease status at transplant was first complete remission (CR1) in 48.9%, CR2 in 21.7%, CR3 in 6.2%, while 23.2% of the patients had an active disease at the time of transplant. This was performed from a HLA‐matched sibling (49.8%) or a matched‐unrelated donor (51.2%). The incidence of acute graft‐vs.‐host disease (GvHD) (grade > II) was 26.6%, while chronic GvHD occurred in 35.9% of the patients at 1 year (24.6% with extensive disease). With a median follow‐up of 16.8 months, the nonrelapse mortality was 12.4 and 25.3% at 100 days and 1 year, respectively. The relapse incidence at 1 year was 33.3% with no difference for patients in CR1 (27%). The one‐year leukemia‐free survival (LFS) and overall survival (OS) were 57 and 66%, respectively for the entire cohort and 50 and 66%, respectively in patients in CR1. Thiotepa/busulfan ± melphalan (n = 213) in comparison to thiotepa/other (n = 110) conditioning regimen resulted in higher relapse incidence at 1 year (34.9 vs. 30.3%, P = 0.016) and lower LFS (38.8 vs. 45.9%, P = 0.0203), while nonrelapse mortality (23.8 vs. 26.3%, n.s.) and OS (59.6 vs. 51.1%, P = 0.109) did not differ. This large study suggests that a thiotepa‐based conditioning for allogeneic transplantation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia is feasible and effective, with the main outcomes being comparable to those achieved with other regimens. Am. J. Hematol. 92:18–22, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Migration and nutritional status of Tarahumara schoolchildren from Chihuahua State (México)
Authors: Benítez‐Hernández Zuliana Paola , De la Torre‐Díaz María de Lourdes , Cervantes‐Borunda Mónica , Hernández‐Torres Rosa Patricia , Cabañas María Dolores , López‐Ejeda Noemí , Marrodán María Dolores 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe Tarahumara ethnic group is composed of indigenous people from the Sierra Madre Occidental of Mexico. Conditions of isolation and poverty compel them to migrate to the city in search of better opportunities. This work aims to explore the influence of migration on the growth and nutritional status of Tarahumara schoolchildren.MethodsOne hundred Tarahumara students were analyzed (50 rural with a mean age of 9.78 ± 1.25 years; 50 urban aged 10.0 ± 1.04 years), comparing anthropometric indicators and body composition (T‐Student, U‐Mann–Whitney Tests).ResultsTwenty percent of rural girls and 35% of rural boys showed stunted growth compared to only 9% of the urban girls (no stunted growth among urban boys). Migrants showed greater body size, skinfold thickness, and fat percentage. Weight excess, understood as an increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity, was detected in 17.8% of urban boys and 13.6% of urban girls compared to 10.0% of boys and 3.3% of girls of the rural series.ConclusionMigration reduces stunting and increases adiposity.
Ecogeographic variation across morphofunctional units of the human nose
Authors: Maddux Scott D. , Butaric Lauren N. , Yokley Todd R. , Franciscus Robert G. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectivesAlthough the internal nose is overwhelmingly responsible for heat and moisture exchange during respiration, external nasal morphology is more commonly cited as evincing climatic adaptation in humans. Here, we assess variation across all four morphofunctional units of the complete nasorespiratory tract (external pyramid, nasal aperture, internal nasal fossa, and nasopharynx) to determine which units provide the strongest evidence of climatic adaptation.Materials and MethodsWe employ 20 linear measurements collected on 837 modern human crania from major geographic (Arctic Circle, Asia, Australia, Europe, Africa) and climatic (polar, temperate, hot‐arid, tropical) zones. In conjunction with associated climatic and geographic data, these morphological data are employed in multivariate analyses to evaluate the associations between each of these functional nasal units and climate.ResultsThe external pyramid and nasopharynx exhibit virtually no evidence of climate‐mediated morphology across the regional samples, while apparent associations between climate and nasal aperture morphology appear influenced by the geographic (and likely genetic) proximities of certain populations. Only the internal nasal fossa exhibits an ecogeographic distribution consistent with climatic adaptation, with crania from colder and/or drier environments displaying internal nasal fossae that are longer, taller, and narrower (especially superiorly) compared to those from hotter and more humid environments.ConclusionsOur study indicates that the internal nasal fossa exhibits a stronger association with climate compared to other aspects of the human nose. Further, our study supports suggestions that regional variation in internal nasal fossa morphology reflects demands for heat and moisture exchange via adjustment of internal nasal airway dimensions. Our study thus provides empirical support for theoretical assertions related to nasorespiratory function, with important implications for understanding human nasal evolution.
DNA‐basierte Nanoporensensorik
Authors: Liu Lei , Wu Hai‐Chen 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDie Detektion mithilfe von Nanoporen ist ein vielversprechender, markerfreier Ansatz zur Messung einzelner Moleküle. Entsprechende Sensoren wurden zunächst für die schnelle und kostengünstige DNA‐Sequenzierung vorgeschlagen, wurden in der Folge aber auch für den Nachweis vielfältiger Substrate eingesetzt. Erste Erfolge beruhten größtenteils auf zwei Strategien: 1) dem Aufbau von Sensorelementen innerhalb der Nanopore durch Proteinmutation und chemische Modifizierung; 2) der Verwendung molekularer Adapter zur Verstärkung der Analyterkennung. In den letzten fünf Jahren hat man begonnen, DNA‐Moleküle als Sonden für die Detektion anstatt als Substrate für die Sequenzierung anzuwenden. In diesem Kurzaufsatz präsentieren wir aktuelle Forschungsarbeiten im Bereich der Nanoporensensorik auf Basis DNA‐vermittelter, charakteristischer Stromereignisse. Die Nanoporensensorik wird immer wichtiger für biochemische und biophysikalische Studien, und daher könnte die DNA‐basierte Sensorik breitere Anwendung bei der Untersuchung biologischer Prozesse unter Beteiligung von DNA finden.
Low‐Temperature Transformation of Methane to Methanol on Pd1O4 Single Sites Anchored on the Internal Surface of Microporous Silicate
Authors: Huang Weixin , Zhang Shiran , Tang Yu , Li Yuting , Nguyen Luan , Li Yuanyuan , Shan Junjun , Xiao Dequan , Gagne Raphael , Frenkel Anatoly I. , Tao Franklin (Feng) 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDirect conversion of methane to chemical feedstocks such as methanol under mild conditions is a challenging but ideal solution for utilization of methane. Pd1O4 single‐sites anchored on the internal surface of micropores of a microporous silicate exhibit high selectivity and activity in transforming CH4 to CH3OH at 50–95 °C in aqueous phase through partial oxidation of CH4 with H2O2. The selectivity for methanol production remains at 86.4 %, while the activity for methanol production at 95 °C is about 2.78 molecules per Pd1O4 site per second when 2.0 wt % CuO is used as a co‐catalyst with the Pd1O4@ZSM‐5. Thermodynamic calculations suggest that the reaction toward methanol production is highly favorable compared to formation of a byproduct, methyl peroxide.
Ion‐Exchange‐Induced 2D–3D Conversion of HMA1−xFAxPbI3Cl Perovskite into a High‐Quality MA1−xFAxPbI3 Perovskite
Authors: Li Ge , Zhang Taiyang , Guo Nanjie , Xu Feng , Qian Xufang , Zhao Yixin 
Published: September 2016

AbstractHigh‐quality phase‐pure MA1−xFAxPbI3 planar films (MA=methylammonium, FA=formamidinium) with extended absorption and enhanced thermal stability are difficult to deposit by regular simple solution chemistry approaches owing to crystallization competition between the easy‐to‐crystallize but unwanted δ‐FAPbI3/MAPbI3 and FAxMA1−xPbI3 requiring rigid crystallization conditions. Here A 2D–3D conversion to transform compact 2D mixed composition HMA1−xFAxPbI3Cl perovskite precursor films into 3D MA1−xFAxPbI3 (x=0.1–0.9) perovskites is presented. The designed Cl/I and H/FA(MA) ion exchange reaction induced fast transformation of compact 2D perovskite film, helping to form the phase‐pure and high quality MA1−xFAxPbI3 without δ‐FAPbI3 and MAPbI3 impurity. In all, we successfully developed a facile one‐step method to fabricate high quality phase‐pure MA1−xFAxPbI3 (x=0.1–0.9) perovskite films by 2D–3D conversion of HMA1−xFAxPbI3Cl perovskite. This 2D–3D conversion is a promising strategy for lead halide perovskite fabrication.
An Electrophilic Reagent for the Direct Introduction of the SCF2PO(OEt)2 Group to Molecules
Authors: Xiong Heng‐Ying , Bayle Alexandre , Pannecoucke Xavier , Besset Tatiana 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAn unprecedented electrophilic difluoromethylthiolating reagent (MesNHSCF2PO(OEt)2) was designed. Under mild and metal‐free conditions, this new reagent reacted with various nucleophiles, thus offering an efficient and operationally simple tool for the construction of C−SCF2PO(OR)2, N−SCF2PO(OR)2, and S−SCF2PO(OR)2 bonds. Finally, thanks to this new methodology, the synthesis of the non‐stereoidal anti‐inflammatory diflumidone was achieved.
Über 1,3‐Hydridverschiebungen in Sesquiterpen‐Cyclisierungen
Authors: Rinkel Jan , Rabe Patrick , Garbeva Paolina , Dickschat Jeroen S. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractStereospezifisch markierte Vorstufen wurden mit sieben bakteriellen Sesquiterpencyclasen konvertiert, um den stereochemischen Verlauf ihrer initialen Kaskaden aus 1,10‐Cyclisierung und 1,3‐Hydridverschiebung zu untersuchen. Enzyme mit Produkten bekannter absoluter Konfiguration zeigten einen kohärenten stereochemischen Kurs, mit Ausnahme der (−)‐α‐Amorphen‐Synthase, für die die erhaltenen Ergebnisse besser durch initiale 1,6‐Cyclisierung erklärbar sind. Der Zusammenhang zwischen der absoluten Konfiguration des Produktes und dem stereochemischen Verlauf der 1,3‐Hydridverschiebung ermöglichte die Zuordnung der absoluten Konfigurationen für drei Enzymprodukte, die unabhängig über die absolute Konfiguration des gemeinsamen Nebenproduktes Germacren‐D‐4‐ol bestimmt wurden.
DNA‐Based Nanopore Sensing
Authors: Liu Lei , Wu Hai‐Chen 
Published: September 2016

AbstractNanopore sensing is an attractive, label‐free approach that can measure single molecules. Although initially proposed for rapid and low‐cost DNA sequencing, nanopore sensors have been successfully employed in the detection of a wide variety of substrates. Early successes were mostly achieved based on two main strategies by 1) creating sensing elements inside the nanopore through protein mutation and chemical modification or 2) using molecular adapters to enhance analyte recognition. Over the past five years, DNA molecules started to be used as probes for sensing rather than substrates for sequencing. In this Minireview, we highlight the recent research efforts of nanopore sensing based on DNA‐mediated characteristic current events. As nanopore sensing is becoming increasingly important in biochemical and biophysical studies, DNA‐based sensing may find wider applications in investigating DNA‐involving biological processes.
Selective Palladium‐Catalyzed Aminocarbonylation of Olefins to Branched Amides
Authors: Liu Jie , Li Haoquan , Spannenberg Anke , Franke Robert , Jackstell Ralf , Beller Matthias 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA general and efficient protocol for iso‐selective aminocarbonylation of olefins with aliphatic amines has been developed for the first time. Key to the success for this process is the use of a specific 2‐phosphino‐substituted pyrrole ligand in the presence of PdX2 (X=halide) as a pre‐catalyst. Bulk industrial and functionalized olefins react with various aliphatic amines, including amino‐acid derivatives, to give the corresponding branched amides generally in good yields (up to 99 %) and regioselectivities (b/l up to 99:1).