bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of dormant and active human cancer cells by quantitative phase imaging
Authors: Guo Peng , Huang Jing , Moses Marsha A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe switch of tumor cells from a dormant, non‐angiogenic phenotype to an active, angiogenic phenotype is a critical step in early cancer progression. To date, relatively little is known about the cellular behaviors of angiogenic and non‐angiogenic tumor cell phenotypes. In this study, holographic imaging cytometry, a quantitative phase imaging (QPI) technique was used to continuously and non‐invasively analyze, quantify, and compare a panel of fundamental cellular behaviors of angiogenic and non‐angiogenic human osteosarcoma cells (KHOS) in a simple and economical way. Results revealed that angiogenic KHOS cells (KHOS‐A) have significantly higher cell motility speeds than their non‐angiogenic counterpart (KHOS‐N) while no difference in their cell proliferation rates and cell cycle lengths were observed. KHOS‐A cells were also found to have significantly smaller cell areas and greater cell optical thicknesses when compared with the non‐angiogenic KHOS‐N cells. No difference in average cell volumes was observed. These studies demonstrate that the morphology and behavior of angiogenic and non‐angiogenic cells can be continuously, efficiently, and non‐invasively monitored using a simple, quantitative, and economical system that does not require tedious and time‐consuming assays to provide useful information about tumor dormancy. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Differential effects of zinc exposure on male and female oysters (Crassostrea angulata) as revealed by label-free quantitative proteomics
Authors: Luo Lianzhong , Zhang Qinghong , Kong Xue , Huang Heqing , You Weiwei , Ke Caihuan 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Oysters accumulate Zn as an adaptation to Zn exposure; however, it is not known whether male and female oysters respond differently to Zn exposure. Proteomic and real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses were used to investigate differential responses of male and female oysters (Crassostrea angulata) to Zn exposure. After exposure to 50 μg L−1 or 500 μg L−1 Zn for 30 d, gonads of female oysters accumulated more Zn than those of males, and gonadal development was accelerated in females but was abnormal in males. Differentially expressed proteins after exposure to Zn were identified and shown to function in Zn transport, Ca transport, phosphate metabolism, energy metabolism, immune regulation, oxidative stress responses, gene expression regulation, and fat metabolism. Proteins with functions in Zn transportation and storage, and multifunctional proteins, such as hemicentin-1 and histidinol dehydrogenase, were expressed at significantly higher levels in the gonads of female than male oysters after Zn exposure. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2602–2613. © 2017 SETAC
Abstract
The focus on chemicals alone in human-dominated ecosystems is inappropriate
Authors: Burton G Allen 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

As the earth's human population continues to increase, megacities rapidly expand, and agriculture tries to meet their needs, ecosystems are increasingly dominated by humans. This domination, of course, equates to increased loadings of eroded soils, nutrients, and chemicals, along with more degraded habitat. Governments will continue to struggle to address these conflicting issues and must adapt into more effective and efficient management modes. The traditional focus on using chemical-specific guidelines as the foundation of environmental protection and restoration no longer is sufficient and must move to a more realistic and effective approach. Improving environmental quality in aquatic systems to near an appropriate reference condition cannot occur without removing habitat and flow stressors, which in turn will be tied to removal of runoff loadings of soils, nutrients, and chemical pollutants. These issues cannot be resolved without a strategically designed, advanced weight-of-evidence approach to prioritize those stressors. This approach should subsequently improve the effectiveness and cost-benefit of site remediation and restoration. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:568–572. © 2017 SETAC

Key Points
Ecosystems are increasingly dominated by humans, which leads to increased loadings of eroded soils, nutrients, and chemicals, along with more degraded habitat. The traditional focus on chemical-specific guidelines as the foundation of environmental protection and restoration is no longer sufficient and must move to a more realistic and effective approach. Improving environmental quality in aquatic systems to near an appropriate reference condition cannot occur without removing habitat and flow stressors, which in turn will be tied to removal of runoff loadings of soils, nutrients, and chemical pollutants. A strategically designed, weight-of-evidence–based approach should improve the effectiveness and cost-benefit of site remediation and restoration.
Asset Sales and Secured Creditor Control in Restructuring: A Comparison of the UK, US and Canadian Models
Authors: Nocilla Alfonso 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe primary insolvency restructuring mechanism in the UK is administration under the Insolvency Act 1986, as amended by the Enterprise Act 2002. In an administration, an insolvency professional known as an administrator, who is accountable to the insolvent company's creditors as a whole, is appointed to oversee the restructuring. The administration process was designed to rehabilitate distressed but viable companies and businesses and to maximize creditors' recoveries. Increasingly, however, insolvent companies are using this process to sell substantially all of their assets through pre‐packaged administrations or ‘pre‐packs’. In a pre‐pack, the insolvent company and its senior creditors negotiate the terms of the sale prior to initiating administration proceedings and appointing an administrator. The administrator then implements the deal, often with little or no input from junior creditors or other stakeholders.Both the US Bankruptcy Code and the Companies' Creditors Arrangement Act in Canada permit insolvent companies to sell substantially all of their assets under the auspices of the restructuring legislation. This article compares pre‐packs with these US and Canadian processes, arguing that they are all functionally equivalent in that they facilitate quick realizations for secured creditors by bypassing traditional restructuring processes. This analysis suggests that pre‐packs may give too much control over the restructuring process to secured creditors, encouraging rent‐seeking and other value‐destructive behaviours that undermine the fundamental goals of insolvency law. Copyright © 2017 INSOL International and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physical and biological properties of a novel anti‐adhesion material made of thermally cross‐linked gelatin film: Investigation of the usefulness as anti‐adhesion material
Authors: Horii Tsunehito , Tsujimoto Hiroyuki , Miyamoto Hiroe , Yamanaka Koki , Tanaka Shota , Torii Hiroko , Ozamoto Yuki , Takamori Hideki , Nakamachi Eiji , Ikada Yoshito , Hagiwara Akeo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTo create more useful, effective and safer anti‐adhesion materials, we developed a thermally cross‐linked gelatin film. In this study, we examined the physical properties of the film such as the physical strength and the adhesiveness to reveal the handling properties and biological properties, such as the anti‐adhesion effect, the influence on cell proliferation, and the cytotoxicity to reveal the anti‐adhesion mechanism, especially in comparison with the conventional hyaluronic acid and carboxymethylcellulose film (the conventional film). A tensile test under dry and wet conditions and shearing stress test showed that the gelatin film has significant higher maximum tensile stress and fracture strain than the conventional film. In the study using a rat model of cecum adhesion, the anti‐adhesion effect of the gelatin film was significantly superior to that of the conventional film. In the cell proliferation test, the number of fibroblast cells on the gelatin film increased at each time point, while no cell proliferation was observed on the conventional film. Furthermore, in the cytotoxicity test using a colony assay and Live/Dead assay, the extract of the gelatin film had no cytotoxicity, while the extract of the conventional film had cytotoxicity considerably. These results suggest that the gelatin film provides better handling than the conventional film, due to better physical strength and ductility of the film. In addition, the gelatin film has a significantly greater anti‐adhesion effect than the conventional film without any cytotoxicity. Therefore, the gelatin film is quite favorable as an anti‐adhesion material. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 689–696, 2018.
Characterization of a novel POLD1 missense founder mutation in a Spanish population
Authors: Ferrer‐Avargues Rosario , Díez‐Obrero Virginia , Martín‐Tomás Ester , Hernández‐Illán Eva , Castillejo María‐Isabel , Codoñer‐Alejos Alan , Barberá Víctor‐Manuel , Sánchez‐Heras Ana‐Beatriz , Segura Ángel , Juan María‐José , Tena Isabel , Castillejo Adela , Soto José‐Luis 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundWe identified a new and a recurrent POLD1 mutation associated with predisposition to colorectal cancer (CRC). We characterized the molecular and clinical nature of the potential POLD1 founder mutation in families from Valencia (Spain).MethodsClinical and molecular data were collected from four independent families known to have a POLD1 Leu474Pro mutation. To establish its founder effect, haplotype construction was performed using 14 flanking POLD1 polymorphic markers. We calculated penetrance estimates and clinical expressivity, globally and stratified by age and sex.ResultsWe included 32 individuals from the four families: 20 carriers and 12 noncarriers. A common haplotype was identified in these families in a region comprising 2,995 Mb, confirming L474P as the first founder POLD1 mutation identified. Thirteen tumors diagnosed in 10 POLD1 carriers: eight CRC, three endometrial and two other tumors were considered. The median age of cancer onset for POLD1 mutation carriers was 48 years. The observed penetrance was 50% and the cumulative risk at age of 50 years was 30%.ConclusionsThe findings of the present study contribute to a better understanding of CRC genetics in the Spanish population. The clinical phenotype for this mutation is similar to that in Lynch syndrome. Future studies using next generation sequencing with large gene panels for any hereditary cancer condition will offer the possibility of detecting POLE/POLD1 mutations in unsuspected clinical situations, demonstrating a more real and unbiased picture of the associated phenotype.
Effect of Depth of Centrifuged Synovial Fluid on Leukocyte Esterase Test for Periprosthetic Joint Infection
Authors: Ruangsomboon Pakpoom , Chinprasertsuk Sriprapa , Khejonnit Varanya , Chareancholvanich Keerati 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTCentrifugation of aspirated synovial fluid before leukocytes esterase (LE) testing for diagnosing periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) may make blood tinged specimens interpretable. We aimed to establish the proper sampling depth of centrifuged specimens for LE testing as one diagnostic criterion and also AS‐D chloroacetate esterase (CAE) staining testing as an adjunctive tool. A definite PJI knee joint group and an aseptic primary total knee arthroplasty control group were studied quasi‐experimentally (N = 46). At 2,000 g for 15 min, 3 ml of synovial fluid was centrifuged. LE strip testing and median synovial WBC count were performed at 2, 4, and 6 mm depths. CAE staining test characterized LE particles. ROC curve, area under the curve, and significant differences were determined. The proper predictive depth to diagnose PJI was sought by forward stepwise logistic regression. All fresh blood‐tinged specimens had uncertain interpretations. Centrifugation increased interpretability (55–100%). ROC curve and area under the curve at 2, 4, and 6 mm depths were 0.822, 0.804, and 0.786, respectively. The cut point of ++ to diagnose PJI was statistically significant (p < 0.05) at all depths. p‐values of forward stepwise logistic regression at 2, 4, and 6 mm were 0.001, 0.752, and 0.756, respectively. CAE staining confirmed extracellular LE release by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). A specimen at <2 mm from the surface of centrifuged synovial fluid at a grading of ++ or more for PJI diagnosis is proper for LE testing. CAE staining testing adjunctively characterizes LE particles and cell morphology. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2545–2550, 2017.
Postoperative complications of total laryngectomy in diabetic patients
Authors: Filimonov Andrey , Brady Jacob S. , Govindan Aparna , Merchant Aziz , Eloy Jean Anderson , Baredes Soly , Park Richard Chan Woo 
Published: March 2017

Objectives/HypothesisAnalyze postoperative complications of total laryngectomies (TL) in patients with diabetes mellitus and apply these data toward preoperative management of diabetic patients undergoing TL.Study DesignRetrospective analysis of surgical outcomes databaseMethodsThe American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried for TL performed between 2005 and 2013. Comparison of demographics, preoperative comorbidities, and postoperative outcomes in a diabetic versus a nondiabetic cohort was conducted using SPSS software. Equal distribution of demographics and preoperative comorbidities was ensured between the diabetic and nondiabetic cohorts using a propensity‐matching algorithm.ResultsFollowing propensity matching there were 495 TL patients included in this study. Among these, 110 (22.2%) were diabetic and 385 (77.8%) were nondiabetic. The only comorbidities associated with the diabetic cohort after matching were obesity, previous percutaneous coronary intervention, and hypertension. The rates of superficial surgical site infections were higher in the diabetic patient cohort (10.9% vs. 4.7%, P = .022). There were no significant differences in unplanned readmission (12.7% vs. 9.1%, P = .260), reoperation (14.3% vs. 15.1%, P = .864), and mortality (1.8% vs. 2.6%, P = 1.000) between the diabetic and the nondiabetic groups. Multivariate regression utilizing preoperative variables not accounted for by propensity matching showed that superficial surgical site infections were still higher in the diabetes cohort (odds ratio: 3.371, P = .021).ConclusionsDiabetic patients undergoing TL showed an increased incidence of superficial surgical site infections postoperatively. There were no other significant differences in readmission, reoperation, and mortality.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 127:2247–2251, 2017
Wettability with Aggregation‐Induced Emission Luminogens
Authors: Wang Zubin , Heng Liping , Jiang Lei 
Published: March 2017

Aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) have become an emerging field since the concept of AIE was proposed in 2001. Recently, AIEgens have attracted considerable attention due to their abnormal non‐emissive fluorescent behavior in solution but strongly emissive behavior in the aggregate state. By utilizing the inherent hydrophobicity, AIEgens can be used to monitor the crystal formation and dewetting behavior in the self‐assembly process. More importantly, some stimuli‐responsive AIE‐active surfaces have been successfully fabricated. In this perspective review, we outline the advances of surface wettability of AIEgens and its applications.
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Primary mediastinal and retroperitoneal malignant germ cell tumors in children and adolescents: Results of the TGM95 trial, a study of the French Society of Pediatric Oncology (Société Française des Cancers de l'Enfant)
Authors: Sudour‐Bonnange Hélène , Faure‐Conter Cécile , Martelli Hélène , Hameury Frederic , Fresneau Brice , Orbach Daniel , Vérité Cécile 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPurposeTo examine the clinical presentation, treatment and results in children and adolescents with primary mediastinal (PM) and retroperitoneal (RP) germ cell tumors (GCTs).MethodsThe TGM95 trial for malignant GCTs was conducted in France between 1995 and 2005 to evaluate a strategy adapted to prognostic factors with cisplatin‐based chemotherapy and surgical management. We reviewed patients with TGCTs at PM and RP sites.ResultsAmong 239 patients, there were 16 patients with PM and 5 with RP tumors, which represent 9% of all patients, highlighting the rarity of these extragonadal locations. A bimodal demographic distribution was observed (11/21 patients <5 years old and 7/21 patients >12 years old). A majority of patients presented with bulky tumors that required urgent care with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In all patients, elevation of alpha‐fetoprotein indicated a yolk sac tumor component. Human chorionic gonadotrophin was elevated in five patients (four adolescents), suggesting a choriocarcinoma or seminoma component. The diagnosis was based on elevation of these tumor markers in addition to imaging. Chemosensitivity was observed for a majority of patients. An aggressive surgical approach allowed a microscopic complete resection in 12/15 patients with PM tumors and 4/5 with RP tumors. Overall, 14/16 and 4/5 patients survived, respectively. Three adolescents died of tumor progression.ConclusionIn children with mediastinal or RP GCTs, the prognosis is favorable when a strategy of delayed aggressive surgery is performed after cisplatin‐based chemotherapy. Younger patients have a better prognosis. Relapses were observed only in adolescents and could not be cured.
The prognostic value of early radiographic response in children and adolescents with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma stage IV, metastases confined to the lungs: A report from the Cooperative Weichteilsarkom Studiengruppe (CWS)
Authors: Sparber‐Sauer Monika , von Kalle Thekla , Seitz Guido , Dantonello Tobias , Scheer Monika , Münter Marc , Fuchs Joerg , Ladenstein Ruth , Bielack Stefan S. , Klingebiel Thomas , Koscielniak Ewa ,   on behalf of the Cooperative Weichteilsarkom Studiengruppe (CWS)
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundPatients with metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) have a poor prognosis apart from children with embryonal RMS whose metastases are confined to the lungs (PRME). The prognostic significance of response in patients with metastatic disease is still unknown and optimal treatment remains to be defined.MethodsPatient‐, tumor‐ and treatment‐related factors of patients with PRME treated on multiple prospective trials of the Cooperative Weichteilsarkom Studiengruppe (CWS) (1981–2013) were analyzed with a focus on response to induction chemotherapy. Response at week 7–10 was based on anatomic imaging and determined (1) for the primary tumor as complete response (CR), good response (GR), partial response (PR) and no response (NR) and (2) for pulmonary metastases as either complete lack of residual lesions (pCR) or no complete response (no‐pCR). Event‐free (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were the endpoints.ResultsEFS and OS of all 53 eligible patients was 41% (±13 confidence interval [CI] 95%) and 52% (±11 CI 95%), respectively. pCR at week 7–10 and maintenance therapy (MT) were favorable prognostic factors. Interestingly, response of primary tumor at week 7–10 and number of metastases were not prognostic factors. The 5‐year OS was 68% (±18 CI 95%) for 26 patients in pCR, but only 36% (±18 CI 95%) for 27 patients not in pCR at week 7–10 (P = 0.004) despite achieving pCR under continuation of chemotherapy or local therapy.ConclusionAchievement of pCR at week 7–10 by induction chemotherapy is a prognostic factor.
Functional polyisobutylenes via electrophilic cleavage/alkylation
Authors: Campbell C. Garrett , Storey Robson F. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTLewis‐acid catalyzed degradation of poly(isobutylene‐co‐isoprene) (butyl rubber) in the presence of an alkoxybenzene compound was studied as a new route toward low molecular weight multifunctional polyisobutylenes. Simultaneous cleavage and functionalization of butyl rubber was conducted at −70 °C and −40 °C under TiCl4 or AlCl3 catalysis in 60/40 hexane/methylene chloride cosolvents in the presence of (3‐bromopropoxy)benzene (BPB) for various times up to 24 h. The butyl rubber (EXXON™ Butyl 365) possessed Mn = 1.91 × 105 g/mol, PDI = 1.66 (GPC/MALLS), and 2.30 mol % isoprene units (nearly exclusively trans−1,4). At −70 °C with TiCl4, molecular weight was reduced to various values within the range 7 to 11 × 103 g/mol depending on conditions; lower BPB concentration produced lower molecular weight. However, the ratio of isobutylene repeat units to BPB units (IB/Q) remained constant at about 43:1, which is approximately the same as the ratio of isobutylene to isoprene repeat units (IB/IP) in the starting butyl rubber (42.5:1). At −40 °C with TiCl4, molecular weight was reduced to about 5 × 103 g/mol, and IB/Q was reduced below IB/IP, indicating nearly a difunctional telechelic structure. AlCl3 was a more active catalyst and produced results similar to TiCl4 at −40 °C, even when used at seven times lower concentration. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 1991–1997
Hydrolysis of aromatic polyurethane in water under high pressure of CO2
Authors: Motokucho Suguru , Yamaguchi Akito , Nakayama Yu , Morikawa Hiroshi , Nakatani Hisayuki 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTWe have demonstrated a hydrolysis reaction of polyurethane (PU) under high pressure of carbon dioxide (CO2) in water. We employed the PU sample, poly(methylene bis‐(1,4‐phenylene)hexamethylene dicarbamate), denoted as M‐PU, which was synthesized from 4,4′‐diphenyl methane diisocyanate and 1,4‐butane diol (BD). The optimum hydrolysis reaction condition was 190 °C under CO2 pressures over 4.1 MPa in water medium, and 93% hydrolysis of M‐PU was achieved. After the reaction, the water‐soluble parts were obtained, and isolated by column chromatography. The isolated products were 4,4′‐methylenedianiline (MDA) and 1,4‐butane diol (BD), which were components of repeating unit of M‐PU. In addition, the hydrolysis reaction gave no byproduct. This hydrolysis under high pressure of CO2 with water is a reaction by which M‐PU is selectively hydrolyzed into MDA and BD by cleaving urethane linkage. Moreover, the resulting hydrolyzed products were easily obtained by evaporation of aqueous layer after the reaction, indicating an efficient chemical recycling of PU was achieved. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 2004–2010
Recyclable polybutadiene elastomer based on dynamic imine bond
Authors: Zhang Huan , Wang Dong , Liu Wenxing , Li Pengchong , Liu Jiajian , Liu Chenyang , Zhang Jiawei , Zhao Ning , Xu Jian 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTCatalyst‐free recyclable polybutadiene (PB) elastomer cross‐linked by dynamic imine bonds is prepared by the reaction between amine functionalized PB and aldehyde cross‐linkers. The dynamic nature of imine bond is investigated by rheometry and creep‐recovery experiments. The cross‐linking degrees are regulated by incorporating different amount of aldehyde, and their influence on the cross‐linked elastomers is investigated in detail. The temperature‐induced imine exchange reactions enable recycling of the cross‐linked PB elastomers and their mechanical properties are almost unchanged after several cycles. It is important to note that the elastomers also show excellent solvent resistance even at high temperature. The good mechanical properties, solvent resistance and recycling ability of the resultant PB elastomer demonstrate the superiority of the imine bonds in the design of recyclable polymers. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 2011–2018