bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glucocorticoid-Induced Metabolic Disturbances are Exacerbated in Obesity
Authors: Harvey Innocence , Stephenson Erin J. , Redd JeAnna R. , Tran Quynh T. , Hochberg Irit , Qi Nathan , Bridges Dave 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjective: To determine the effects of glucocorticoid-induced metabolic dysfunction in the presence of diet-induced obesity. Methods: C57BL/6J adult male lean and diet-induced obese mice were given dexamethasone for different durations and levels of hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance and lipolysis were determined. Results: Obese mice given dexamethasone had significant, synergistic effects on insulin resistance and markers of lipolysis, as well as hepatic steatosis. This was associated with synergistic transactivation of the lipolytic enzyme ATGL. Conclusions: The combination of chronically elevated glucocorticoids and obesity leads to exacerbations in metabolic dysfunction. Our findings suggest lipolysis may be a key player in glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance and fatty liver in individuals with obesity.
Assessment of DNA methylation patterns in the bone and cartilage of a nonhuman primate model of osteoarthritis
Authors: Housman Genevieve , Havill Lorena M. , Quillen Ellen E. , Comuzzie Anthony G. , Stone Anne C. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveOsteoarthritis (OA) impacts humans and several other animals. Thus, the mechanisms underlying this disorder, such as specific skeletal tissue DNA methylation patterns, may be evolutionary conserved. However, associations between methylation and OA have not been readily studied in nonhuman animals. Baboons serve as important models of disease and develop OA at rates similar to those in humans. Therefore, this study investigated the associations between methylation and OA in baboons to advance the evolutionary understanding of OA.DesignTrabecular bone and cartilage was collected from the medial condyles of adult female baboon femora, five with and five without knee OA. The Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip (450K array) was used to identify DNA methylation patterns in these tissues.ResultsApproximately 44% of the 450K array probes reliably align to the baboon genome, contain a CpG site of interest, and maintain a wide distribution throughout the genome. Of the two filtering methods tested, both identified significantly differentially methylated positions (DMPs) between healthy and OA individuals in cartilage tissues, and some of these patterns overlap with those previously identified in humans. Conversely, no DMPs were found between tissue types or between disease states in bone tissues.ConclusionsOverall, the 450K array can be used to measure genome-wide DNA methylation in baboon tissues and identify significant associations with complex traits. The results of this study indicate that some DNA methylation patterns associated with OA are evolutionarily conserved, while others are not. This warrants further investigation in a larger and more phylogenetically diverse sample set.
Brain white matter structure and language ability in preschool-aged children
Authors: Walton Matthew , Dewey Deborah , Lebel Catherine 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBrain alterations are associated with reading and language difficulties in older children, but little research has investigated relationships between early language skills and brain white matter structure during the preschool period. We studied 68 children aged 3.0-5.6 years who underwent diffusion tensor imaging and participated in assessments of Phonological Processing and Speeded Naming. Tract-based spatial statistics and tractography revealed relationships between Phonological Processing and fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity in bilateral ventral white matter pathways, the corpus callosum, and corticospinal tracts. The relationships observed in left ventral pathways are consistent with studies in older children, and demonstrate that structural markers for language difficulties are apparent as young as 3 years of age. Our findings in right hemisphere areas that are not as commonly found in adult studies suggest that young children rely on a widespread network for language processing that becomes more specialized with age.
Individual alpha peak frequency predicts 10 Hz flicker effects on selective attention
Authors: Gulbinaite Rasa , van Viegen Tara , Wieling Martijn , Cohen Michael X , VanRullen Rufin 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTRhythmic visual stimulation (“flicker”) is primarily used to “tag” processing of low-level visual and high-level cognitive phenomena. However, preliminary evidence suggests that flicker may also entrain endogenous brain oscillations, thereby modulating cognitive processes supported by those brain rhythms. Here we tested the interaction between 10 Hz flicker and endogenous alpha-band (~10 Hz) oscillations during a selective visuospatial attention task. We recorded EEG from human participants (both genders) while they performed a modified Eriksen flanker task in which distractors and targets flickered within (10 Hz) or outside (7.5 or 15 Hz) the alpha band. By using a combination of EEG source separation, time-frequency, and single-trial linear mixed effects modeling, we demonstrate that 10 Hz flicker interfered with stimulus processing more on incongruent than congruent trials (high vs. low selective attention demands). Crucially, the effect of 10 Hz flicker on task performance was predicted by the distance between 10 Hz and individual alpha peak frequency (estimated during the task). Finally, the flicker effect on task performance was more strongly predicted by EEG flicker responses during stimulus processing than during preparation for the upcoming stimulus, suggesting that 10 Hz flicker interfered more with reactive than proactive selective attention. These findings are consistent with our hypothesis that visual flicker entrained endogenous alpha-band networks, which in turn impaired task performance. Our findings also provide novel evidence for frequency-dependent exogenous modulation of cognition that is determined by the correspondence between the exogenous flicker frequency and the endogenous brain rhythms.SignificanceHere we provide novel evidence that the interaction between exogenous rhythmic visual stimulation and endogenous brain rhythms can have frequency-specific behavioral effects. We show that alpha-band (10 Hz) flicker impairs stimulus processing in a selective attention task when the stimulus flicker rate matches individual alpha peak frequency. The effect of sensory flicker on task performance was stronger when selective attention demands were high, and was stronger during stimulus processing and response selection compared to the pre-stimulus anticipatory period. These findings provide novel evidence that frequency-specific sensory flicker affects online attentional processing, and also demonstrate that the correspondence between exogenous and endogenous rhythms is an overlooked prerequisite when testing for frequency-specific cognitive effects of flicker.
Virtual Genome Walking: Generating gene models for the salamanderAmbystoma mexicanum
Authors: Evans Teri , Johnson Andrew , Loose Matt 
Published: September 2017

AbstractLarge repeat rich genomes present challenges for assembly and identification of gene models with short read technologies. Here we present a method we call Virtual Genome Walking which uses an iterative assembly approach to first identify exons fromde-novoassembled transcripts and assemble whole genome reads against each exon. This process is iterated allowing the extension of exons. These linked assemblies are refined to generate gene models including upstream and downstream genomic sequence as well as intronic sequence. We test this method using a 20X genomic read set for the axolotl, the genome of which is estimated to be 30 Gb in size. These reads were previously reported to be effectively impossible to assemble. Here we provide almost 1 Gb of assembled sequence describing over 19,000 gene models for the axolotl. Gene models stop assembling either due to localised low coverage in the genomic reads, or the presence of repeats. We validate our observations by comparison with previously published axolotl bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) sequences. In addition we analysed axolotl intron length, intron-exon structure, repeat content and synteny. These gene-models, sequences and annotations are freely available for download fromhttps://tinyurl.com/y8gydc6n. The software pipeline including a docker image is available fromhttps://github.com/LooseLab/iterassemble. These methods will increase the value of low coverage sequencing of understudied model systems.
Assessment of CD4 T Lymphocyte Cell Levels among Hepatitis B, C and E Viruses Negative Individuals in Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Adewumi M. O. , Omoruyi E. C. , Ifeorah I. M. , Bakarey A. S. , Ogunwale A. O. , Akere A. , Faleye T. O. C. , Adeniji J. A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe CD4 T lymphocytes play a key role in achieving a regulated effective immune response to foreign antigens. It is also a valuable parameter for assessing HIV disease progression. However, variations in CD4 T lymphocyte values due to diverse factors have been reported. We evaluated CD4 T lymphocytes among healthy community dwellers who tested negative for hepatitis B, hepatitis C and hepatitis E viruses and compared the results with the National Reference Values (NRVs). Four hundred consenting participants who fulfilled the criteria for enrolment were evaluated for CD4 T lymphocyte counts. Estimated mean CD4 T lymphocyte count of 1,183 (CD4 Range: 328-2680) cells/μl of blood was recorded for the participants. Four (1.0%), 151 (37.8%), 157 (39.2%), 74 (18.5), and 14 (3.5) of the participants had CD4 T lymphocyte count ranged 352-500, 501-1,000, 1,001-1500, 1501-2,000, and >2,000 cells/μl of blood, respectively. Differences in the estimated mean CD4 count between different age groups varied significantly (P=0.010). In this study, significantly higher CD4 T lymphocyte values were observed among the study population in comparison to the NRVs, and consequently we advise careful interpretation and use of extrapolated CD4 T lymphocyte values in the management of persons with diverse geographical background or health conditions.
Task-level work engagement of self-employed and organizationally employed high-skilled workers
Authors: Bujacz Aleksandra , Bernhard-Oettel Claudia , Rigotti Thomas , Lindfors Petra 
Published: September 2017

PurposeSelf-employed workers typically report higher well-being levels than employees. The purpose of this paper is to examine the mechanisms that lead to differences in work engagement between self-employed and organizationally employed high-skilled workers.Design/methodology/approachSelf-employed and organizationally employed high-skilled workers (N=167) were compared using a multigroup multilevel analysis. Participants assessed their job control (general level) and reported their work engagement during work tasks (task level) by means of the Day Reconstruction Method. Aspects of job control (autonomy, creativity, and learning opportunities) and task characteristics (social tasks and core work tasks) were contrasted for the two groups as predictors of work engagement.FindingsSelf-employed workers reported higher levels of job control and work engagement than organizationally employed workers. In both groups, job control predicted work engagement. Employees with more opportunities to be creative and autonomous were more engaged at work. Self-employed workers were more engaged when they had more learning opportunities. On the task level, the self-employed were more engaged during core work tasks and social tasks.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that self-employment is an effective way for high-skilled workers to increase the amount of job control available to them, and to improve their work engagement. From an intervention perspective, self-employed workers may benefit most from more learning opportunities, more social tasks, and more core work tasks. Organizationally employed workers may appreciate more autonomy and opportunities for creativity.Originality/valueThis study contributes to a better understanding of the role that job control and task characteristics play in predicting the work engagement of high-skilled self-employed and organizationally employed workers.
#Trending topics in careers: a review and future research agenda
Authors: Akkermans Jos , Kubasch Stella 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
Virtually all contemporary scientific papers studying careers emphasize its changing nature. Indeed, careers have been changing during recent decades, for example becoming more complex and unpredictable. Furthermore, hallmarks of the new career – such as individual agency – are clearly increasing in importance in today’s labor market. This led the authors to ask the question of whether these changes are actually visible in the topics that career scholars research. In other words, the purpose of this paper is to discover the trending topics in careers.

Design/methodology/approach
To achieve this goal, the authors analyzed all published papers from four core career journals (i.e. Career Development International, Career Development Quarterly, Journal of Career Assessment, and Journal of Career Development) between 2012 and 2016. Using a five-step procedure involving three researchers, the authors formulated the 16 most trending topics.

Findings
Some traditional career topics are still quite popular today (e.g. career success as the #1 trending topic), whereas other topics have emerged during recent years (e.g. employability as the #3 trending topic). In addition, some topics that are closely related to career research – such as unemployment and job search – surprisingly turned out not to be a trending topic.

Originality/value
In reviewing all published papers in CDI, CDQ, JCA, and JCD between 2012 and 2016, the authors provide a unique overview of currently trending topics, and the authors compare this to the overall discourse on careers. In addition, the authors formulate key questions for future research.
Gender and informal livelihoods
Authors: Ogando Ana Carolina , Roever Sally , Rogan Michael 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
This paper explores the perceptions and experiences of women and men who work as informal waste collectors in four different cities. The purpose of this paper is to map out how and to what extent occupational, political-legal, economic and social dynamics are experienced differently by gender in a highly vulnerable segment of the urban informal economy, and explore gender differences in these workers’ coping strategies and the levels of action they develop to protect their livelihoods.

Design/methodology/approach
The analysis is based on a mixed methods study which combined a quantitative survey of informal workers with a qualitative participatory methodology. Study participants were drawn from a purposive sample of informal workers who belong to, or are affiliated with, membership-based workers’ organisations. The sample consists of waste pickers (n=614) from Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Bogotá, Colombia; Durban, South Africa; and Nakuru, Kenya.

Findings
The data show that despite significant differences between women and men upon entry into (informal) employment, their perceptions of key drivers and impacts are largely similar, with the exception of concerns around various types of physical security among women. They also indicate that levels of action among men and women waste pickers are only moderately influenced by gender, but are strongly influenced by the degree of organisation in the sector and the symbolic assets held by workers. The findings also illustrate the way in which gendered power dynamics operate within the informal recycling sector and how different levels of sector organisation and development often contribute to opportunities for collective action and, in turn, a reduction in gendered vulnerabilities.

Originality/value
The study offers a new policy angle which connects the level of sector organisation and development with the levels of action taken by informal workers in adapting to different types of shocks, as well as what this means in terms of gender empowerment.
Paradox of gender and leadership in India: a critical review of Mardaani
Authors: Syed Jawad , Tariq Memoona 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the paradoxical and dynamic nature of gender and leadership in India through a critical review of Indian film Mardaani.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper offers a critical review of an Indian film and relates the analysis to the context of gender and leadership in India.

Findings
The review shows that masculine stereotypes of leadership are simultaneously reinforced and shattered in the Indian context, and that despite all the odds, women’s role in organisations is characterised by dynamism and change. The paper situates this review in the broader context of gender, employment and leadership in India and offers a critical analysis.

Research limitations/implications
The analysis has two implications. First, it indicates that women are equally capable of demonstrating worthy leadership. Second, it highlights that being a leader, or “mannish”, in the workplace does not mean that women are not responsible for the domestic and caring duties at home. In fact, female leaders in India continue to do the double shift by struggling to balance their roles in the workplace and their personal lives.

Originality/value
The paper offers an original analysis of a Bollywood film in the context of gender, culture and leadership.
Cultures of choice: towards a sociology of choice as a cultural phenomenon
Authors: Schwarz Ori 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe article explores different ways to conceptualize the relationship between choice and culture. These two notions are often constructed as opposites: while sociologies of modernization (such as Giddens’) portray a shift from cultural traditions to culturally disembedded choice, dispositional sociologies (such as Bourdieu's) uncover cultural determination as the hidden truth behind apparent choice. However, choice may be real and cultural simultaneously. Culture moulds choice not only by inculcating dispositions or shaping repertoires of alternatives, but also by offering culturally specific choice practices, ways of choosing embedded in meaning, normativity, and materiality; and by shaping attributions of choice in everyday life. By bringing together insights from rival schools, I portray an outline for a comparative cultural sociology of choice, and demonstrate its purchase while discussing the digitalization of choice; and cultural logics that shape choice attribution in ways opposing neoliberal trends.
The role of herbivore‐ and plant‐related experiences in intraspecific host preference of a relatively specialized parasitoid
Authors: Morawo Tolulope , Fadamiro Henry 
Published: September 2017

AbstractParasitoids use odor cues from infested plants and herbivore hosts to locate their hosts. Specialist parasitoids of generalist herbivores are predicted to rely more on herbivore‐derived cues than plant‐derived cues. Microplitis croceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a relatively specialized larval endoparasitoid of Heliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), which is a generalist herbivore on several crops including cotton and soybean. Using M. croceipes/H. virescens as a model system, we tested the following predictions about specialist parasitoids of generalist herbivores: (i) naive parasitoids will show innate responses to herbivore‐emitted kairomones, regardless of host plant identity and (ii) herbivore‐related experience will have a greater influence on intraspecific oviposition preference than plant‐related experience. Inexperienced (naive) female M. croceipes did not discriminate between cotton‐fed and soybean‐fed H. virescens in oviposition choice tests, supporting our first prediction. Oviposition experience alone with either host group influenced subsequent oviposition preference while experience with infested plants alone did not elicit preference in M. croceipes, supporting our second prediction. Furthermore, associative learning of oviposition with host‐damaged plants facilitated host location. Interestingly, naive parasitoids attacked more soybean‐fed than cotton‐fed host larvae in two‐choice tests when a background of host‐infested cotton odor was supplied, and vice versa. This suggests that plant volatiles may have created an olfactory contrast effect. We discussed ecological significance of the results and concluded that both plant‐ and herbivore‐related experiences play important role in parasitoid host foraging.
Characteristics and Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Japanese Patients Undergoing Dialysis
Authors: Toyoda Hidenori , Hiraoka Atsushi , Tada Toshifumi , Michitaka Kojiro , Takaguchi Koichi , Tsuji Kunihiko , Itobayashi Ei , Takizawa Daichi , Hirooka Masashi , Koizumi Yohei , Ochi Hironori , Joko Koji , Kisaka Yoshiyasu , Shimizu Yuko , Tajiri Kazuto , Tani Joji , Taniguchi Tatsuya , Toshimori Akiko , Fujioka Shinichi , Kumada Takashi 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPatients with end‐stage renal disease who are undergoing dialysis may be at high risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We investigated the characteristics and prognosis of HCC in patients undergoing dialysis in Japan. Patients characteristics, progression of HCC at diagnosis, and survival rates after diagnosis were compared between 108 HCC patients undergoing dialysis and 526 non‐dialysis patients followed up at liver center. The comparisons were also performed after adjusting for patient age, gender, platelet count, and etiology using propensity‐score matching. HCC was more advanced in patients undergoing dialysis than in non‐dialysis controls. The 3‐ and 5‐year survival rates of patients undergoing dialysis were 56.3% and 38.3%, respectively, which were lower than those of non‐dialysis controls (66.5% and 52.7%, respectively, P = 0.0026). The results were the same after propensity score matching (P = 0.0014). In Japan, HCC was more advanced at diagnosis in patients undergoing dialysis in comparison to HCC in patients at liver centers, resulting in a lower survival rate after diagnosis.
Characterization of a d‐Lactate Dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus fermentum JN248 with High Phenylpyruvate Reductive Activity
Authors: Chen Lixia , Bai Yajun , Fan Tai‐Ping , Zheng Xiaohui , Cai Yujie 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPhenyllactic acid (PLA) is a novel antimicrobial compound. A novel NADH‐dependent d‐lactate dehydrogenase (d‐LDH), named as LF‐d‐LDH0653, with high phenylpyruvate (PPA) reducing activity was isolated from Lactobacillus fermentum JN248. Its optimum pH and temperature were 8.0 and 50 °C, respectively. The Michaelis–Menten constant (Km), turnover number (kcat), and catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) for NADH were 1.20 mmol/L, 67.39 s−1, and 56.16 (mmol/L)−1 s−1, respectively. The (Km), (kcat), and (kcat/Km) for phenylpyruvate were 1.68 mmol/L, 122.66 s−1, and 73.01 (mmol/L)−1 s−1, respectively. This enzyme can catalyze phenylpyruvate and the product presented excellent optical purity (enantioselectivity >99%). The results suggest that LF‐d‐LDH0653 is a promising biocatalyst for the efficient synthesis of optically pure d‐PLA.Practical ApplicationA novel d‐LDH with phenylpyruvate reducing activity has been isolated and identified. It could be used as a reference for improving the production of optically pure d‐PLA. d‐PLA has a potential for application as antimicrobial an agent in dairy industry and baking industry, pharmaceutical agent in medicine and cosmetics.