bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review article: changes in the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease—clues for aetiology
Authors: Bernstein C. N. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryBackgroundThe changing epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in both the developed and developing worlds may provide insights into disease aetiology. Factors that impact on the gut microbiome are leading aetiological candidates.AimTo review epidemiological studies and trends that identify risk factors for the development of IBD.MethodsStudies that identified factors associated with the development of IBD differentially in children and adults were reviewed. There was a focus on epidemiological studies and on studies that involve the gut microbiome.ResultsUse of antibiotics has been shown to be associated with development of Crohn's disease in childhood (odds ratio, OR = 2.75, 95% CI 1.72‐4.38). Breastfeeding has been protective against developing IBD (OR=0.69, 95% CI 0.51‐0.94), but there is a paucity of data exploring duration of breastfeeding and timing of introduction of bottled milk or table food. Antibiotics and diet changes can also impact on adults enhancing the risk for IBD. Both smoking (OR=1.76, 95% CI 1.40‐2.22) and oral contraceptives (relative risk=1.46, 95% CI 1.26‐1.70) increase the risk for Crohn's disease and their use is associated with worse outcomes in Crohn's disease. It is unclear if their impact is mediated through the gut microbiome.ConclusionsA leading aetiological clue for IBD based on epidemiological studies is the antecedent use of antibiotics both for children and adults. Some dietary changes may be a risk for adults but there is a paucity of dietary data in children prior to IBD development. Both antibiotic use and dietary changes have the potential to impact the gut microbiome, which in turn can alter the gut immune response.
Survey of systemic antimicrobial prescribing for dogs by Victorian veterinarians
Authors: Barzelai ID , Whittem T 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveInvestigate the current antimicrobial prescribing patterns of veterinarians in Victoria for dogs and compare these results to patterns described 20 years ago.MethodsA questionnaire was sent to 1380 veterinarians in Victoria. The first section collected demographic information of respondents. The second and third sections evaluated respondents’ approach to use of antimicrobial drugs for scenarios in dogs in which ‘clinical evidence suggests bacterial infection is the likely cause’ and where ‘it is unknown whether bacterial infection plays a role’. The final section evaluated respondents’ approach to use of antimicrobial drugs during dental extraction in a dog.ResultsOf the 1380 veterinarians who were contacted, 259 responses were received (response rate 19%). Of these respondents, 95% (246/259) completed their veterinary degree at the University of Melbourne. The ratio of female to male respondents was 2.1 : 1 (171 : 82) and of urban to rural respondents was 1.9 : 1 (159 : 85). Drug selection for some scenarios was open to criticism. For example, to treat chronic prostatitis 16% (42/259) of respondents selected amoxicillin‐clavulanate even though it has poor penetration of prostatic tissues. Some prescribing choices have changed since 1997; for example, for acute tracheobronchitis, 36% (73/204) of respondents indicated they would use antimicrobials, compared with 87% of respondents in 1997. For the treatment of idiopathic vestibular disease, only 5% (10/197) of respondents in the current study versus 45% (294/654) in the 1997 survey opted to use antimicrobials.ConclusionAntimicrobial drug selection for treatment of dogs by registered veterinarians in Victoria was generally consistent with recent recommendations, although some details were widely variable.
Linking legislative openness to open data in Canada
Authors: Marczak Paulina , Sieber Renée 
Published: September 2017

Key Messages

Legislative information is becoming an increasingly popular resource within legislative discourse and among open data advocates.
In Canada, provincial and territorial legislatures achieve minimal standards of openness via online repositories.
Despite momentum for openness, Canadian legislatures have yet to achieve openness suitable for legal repurposing of legislative information.
Phase 1/2 study of the WT1 peptide cancer vaccine WT4869 in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Ueda Yasunori , Ogura Michinori , Miyakoshi Shigesaburo , Suzuki Takahiro , Heike Yuji , Tagashira Shuzo , Tsuchiya Satoru , Ohyashiki Kazuma , Miyazaki Yasushi 
Published: September 2017

WT4869 is a synthetic peptide vaccine derived from the Wilms’ tumor gene 1 (WT1) protein. This phase 1/2 open‐label study evaluated the safety and efficacy of WT4869, and biomarkers for response, in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. WT4869 (5–1200 μg/dose) was administered intradermally every 2 weeks, according to a 3 + 3 dose‐escalation method in higher‐risk (International Prognostic Scoring System score ≥1.5) or lower‐risk (score <1.5) red blood cell transfusion‐dependent patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. Twenty‐six patients were enrolled and treated (median age, 75 years; range, 32 to 89). The most common adverse event was injection site reaction (61.5%). Main grade 3 or 4 adverse events were neutropenia (30.8%), febrile neutropenia, pneumonia, elevated blood creatine phosphokinase levels and hypoalbuminemia (all 7.7%). Dose‐limiting toxicities occurred in 1 patient in the 50 μg/dose cohort (pyrexia, muscle hemorrhage and hypoalbuminemia) and 1 patient in the 400 μg/dose cohort (pneumonitis); however, the maximum tolerated dose could not be determined from this trial. The overall response rate was 18.2%, the disease control rate was 59.1% and median overall survival was 64.71 weeks (95% confidence interval: 50.29, 142.86) as assessed by the Kaplan–Meier method. Subgroup analysis of azacitidine‐refractory patients with higher‐risk myelodysplastic syndrome (11 patients) showed median overall survival of 55.71 weeks (approximately 13 months). WT1‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte induction was observed in 11 of 25 evaluable patients. WT4869 was well tolerated in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome and preliminary data suggest that WT4869 is efficacious. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.jp as JapicCTI‐101374.
Seed inoculation with beneficial rhizobacteria affects European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) oviposition on maize plants
Authors: Disi Joseph Onwusemu , Zebelo Simon , Kloepper Joseph W. , Fadamiro Henry 
Published: September 2017

AbstractLarvae of Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) cause significant damage to maize ears and reduce market value of fresh sweet corn. Females rely on volatile cues to locate and oviposit preferentially on maize plants. In addition, oviposition behavior of females is influenced by soil management practices as they usually lay more eggs on maize plants grown on conventional soil than on organic soils that harbor rich microbial diversity. Since some plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are known to mediate plant health via suppression of soil pathogens and enhanced uptake of nutrients; we hypothesized that inoculation of maize seeds with PGPR will alter emission of maize volatile and reduce the attractiveness of plants to ovipositing O. nubilalis. Plants treated with the single PGPR strain Bacillus pumilus INR‐7, two PGPR mixtures (Blend‐8 or Blend‐9) or untreated plants were presented to O. nubilalis females in oviposition choice bioassays. Headspace volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the plants were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Ostrinia nubilalis laid significantly fewer eggs on PGPR‐treated plants compared to untreated plants. In two‐choice oviposition experiments, significantly higher numbers of eggs were laid on untreated plants compared to PGPR‐treated plants. PGPR‐treated plants emitted fewer VOCs than untreated plants which, in part, explains the relatively fewer eggs on PGPR‐treated plants. These results indicate that selected PGPR treatments can alter maize plant volatiles with important ramifications for plant‐insect interactions. The implication of this finding is discussed in the context of integrated management of soil health to improve crop resistance to biotic stressors.
Effect of soya bean oil supplementation and forage type on methane production and fibre digestibility using the in vitro gas production system
Authors: Rodrigues J. P. P. , Ramin M. , Huhtanen P. , Aru F. , Detmann E. , Marcondes M. I. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe aimed to evaluate the effect of soya bean oil (SBO) supplementation with different forages on in vitro gas production kinetics, methane (CH4) emissions and potentially digestible neutral detergent fibre (pdNDF) digestibility (IVpdNDFD). Samples of whole‐crop maize silage (MS; Zea mays), sugarcane (SC; Saccharum sp.), perennial ryegrass (RG; Lolium perenne), guinea grass (GG; Panicum maximum) and palisadegrass (PG; Brachiaria brizantha) were incubated with three concentrations of SBO (0, 30 and 60 g/kg of dry matter). The interaction between forage species and SBO inclusion affected molar proportion of acetate, acetate‐to‐propionate ratio, asymptotic gas and IVpdNDFD. Acetate‐to‐propionate ratio numerically decreased from 3.56 to 3.44 and 3.77 to 3.56 for MS and SC respectively. Soya bean oil inclusion at 60 g/kg DM decreased 21.2% and 12.9% of IVpdNDFD for MS and SC respectively. Soya bean oil increase did not affect IVpdNDFD for RG, GG and PG. Soya bean oil inclusion decreased quadratically the asymptotic gas (294–265 ml/g OM) for MS and increased linearly (275–283 ml/g OM) for GG. Lower and greater CH4 production was observed for RG and SC respectively. Methane production decreased quadratically by SBO increase. Soya bean oil inclusion linearly decreased CH4 concentration in total gas at 48 hr of incubation from 133 to 128 ml/L. In conclusion, MS and SC are more sensitive to adverse effects of SBO supplementation from 30 to 60 g/kg DM on rumen fermentation when compared to RG, GG and PG.
Associations between psychiatric symptoms and seclusion use: Clinical implications for care planning
Authors: van de Sande Roland , Noorthoorn Eric , Nijman Henk , Wierdsma Andre , van de Staak Cees , Hellendoorn Edwin , Mulder Niels 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFindings from an increasing number of studies suggest that incorporating systematic short‐term risk assessments in treatment planning could lead to safer practice on psychiatric admissions wards. The aim of the present study was to investigate the associations between the scores of three structured observation tools – the Kennedy Axis V (K‐Axis‐V), the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), and the Social Dysfunction and Aggression Scale (SDAS) – and seclusion. In total, 1840 weekly risk assessments with these observation scales were collected over 2342 admission weeks. These assessment scores related to 370 acutely‐admitted psychiatric patients and were subjected to a multilevel analysis. It was found that several dynamic and static factors were related to seclusion. Dynamic factors included violent behaviour, current substance abuse, suspiciousness, and negativism. Static factors included ethnicity and having been diagnosed with a substance abuse disorder. The findings suggest that the incorporation of the Kennedy‐Axis V, the BPRS, and the SDAS into standard practice might be helpful in identifying patients at high risk of seclusion, and could be supportive to treatment planning and clinical decision‐making in the prevention of seclusion use in acute psychiatric settings.
Dynamic road pricing and the value of time and reliability
Authors: Brent Daniel A. , Gross Austin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHigh Occupancy Toll (HOT) lanes that use dynamic pricing to manage congestion and generate revenue are increasingly popular. In this paper, we estimate the behavioral response of drivers to dynamic pricing in an HOT lane. The challenge in estimation lies in the simultaneity of price and demand: the structure of dynamic tolling ensures that prices increase as more drivers enter the HOT lane. Prior research has found that higher prices in HOT lanes increase usage. We find that after controlling for simultaneity HOT drivers instead respond to tolls in a manner consistent with economic theory. The average response to a 10 percent increase in the toll is a 1.6 percent reduction in usage. Drivers primarily value travel reliability over time savings, although there is heterogeneity in the relative values of time and reliability based on time of day and destination to or from work. The results highlight the importance of both controlling for simultaneity when estimating demand for dynamically priced toll roads and treating HOT lanes with dynamic prices as a differentiated product with bundled attributes.
Food addiction and bariatric surgery: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Ivezaj V. , Wiedemann A. A. , Grilo C. M. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryEmerging research suggests that rates of food addiction are high among individuals seeking bariatric surgery, but little is known about associated features and the prognostic significance of pre‐operative food addiction. Thus, this article provides a systematic review and synthesis of the literature on food addiction and bariatric surgery. Articles were identified through PubMed and SCOPUS databases, resulting in a total of 19 studies which assessed food addiction among pre‐bariatric and/or post‐bariatric surgery patients using the Yale Food Addiction Scale. Most studies were cross‐sectional, and only two studies prospectively measured food addiction both pre‐operatively and post‐operatively. The presence of pre‐surgical food addiction was not associated with pre‐surgical weight or post‐surgical weight outcomes, yet pre‐surgical food addiction was related to broad levels of psychopathology. The relationship between food addiction and substance misuse among individuals undergoing bariatric surgery is mixed. In addition, very few studies have attempted to validate the construct of food addiction among bariatric surgery patients. Results should be interpreted with caution due to the methodological limitations and small sample sizes reported in most studies. Future rigorous research with larger and more diverse samples should prospectively examine the clinical utility and validity of the food addiction construct following bariatric surgery.
The use of crack and other illicit drugs impacts oral health‐related quality of life in Brazilians
Authors: Antoniazzi RP , Zanatta FB , Ardenghi TM , Feldens CA 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the use of crack and other illicit drugs on oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) in young adults.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study evaluated 106 crack users at a public treatment center for drug addiction and 106 controls matched for gender, age, and use of tobacco. Clinical examinations were performed for dental caries and periodontal disease. The outcome was OHRQoL, which was determined using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐14). The association between OHRQoL and illicit drugs was modeled using conditional Poisson regression.ResultsUsers of crack and other illicit drugs had a poorer OHRQoL than the controls (p < .001). Among the crack users, the odds ratio to yield high OHIP‐14 was 3.40 (95% confidence interval, 1.91–6.08). Adjustment for sex, age, schooling, income, smoking, dental caries, and periodontal disease did not change such an estimate considerably. The functional limitation and psychological discomfort domains were associated with the use of illicit drugs.ConclusionUsers of crack and other illicit drugs exerted a negative impact on OHRQoL independently of socio‐demographic characteristics and tobacco use, suggesting the need for special attention regarding the specific oral health needs of this population as well as drug prevention and treatment strategies.
Multicenter Study on Observation of Acute‐phase Responses After Infusion of Zoledronic Acid 5 mg in Chinese Women with Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Authors: Ding Yue , Zeng Jian‐Cheng , Yin Fei , Zhang Chun‐lin , Zhang Yan , Li Shi‐xun , Liu Xun , Zhang Chao , Xue Qing‐yun , Lin Hua , Pei Fu‐xing 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveIt has been reported that acute‐phase reactions (APR) after infusion of 5 mg zoledronic acid for the first time is common. This study surveyed the incidence and characteristics of APR in Chinese postmenopausal women receiving 5 mg zoledronic acid intravenously for osteoporosis and to evaluate the efficacy of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAID) in preventing or alleviating APR following the first 5 mg zoledronic acid infusion.MethodsA total of 2601 patients with an average age of 68.14 ± 9.89 years and a mean body mass index of 22.90 ± 3.24 kg/m2 from 62 centers in China were treated with 5 mg zoledronic acid intravenously for the first time. The incidence of fever and pain were observed in these patients, and the time of fever or pain onset and duration, and the intensity of fever and grade of pain were also recorded. The dosage, duration, and efficacy of NSAID and safety outcomes were also documented.ResultsAt the end of the study, 18 patients are eliminated due to incomplete records of temperature. The incidence of fever was 28.65% (740/2583) within 7 days following zoledronic acid infusion; 98.34% (727/740) occurred at 1.03 ± 0.66 days after infusion and lasted 1.72 ± 0.93 days. A total of 456 (17.53%) patients had newly onset pain (312 of 1187, 26.28%) or experienced pain aggravation (144 of 1414, 10.18%), which mostly occurred within 3 days after zoledronic acid infusion. A total of 1246 (47.6%) patients had received NSAID for a median time of 2.63 ± 2.45 days. Using NSAID for at least 2 days could decrease body temperature by 0.54 ± 0.86°C, increase the percentage of pain‐free patients by 6.17%, and reduce the percentage of patients with moderate to severe pain by 8.7%.ConclusionsCompared with Western populations, Chinese patients had a higher rate of fever and pain after their first zoledronic acid infusion. These symptoms were often mild to moderate in intensity and transient in duration. NSAID could effectively reduce the incidence and severity of such APR.
Circumferential Reconstruction of Subaxial Cervical and Cervicothoracic Spine by Simultaneously Combined Anterior–posterior Approaches in the Sitting Position
Authors: Han Yue , Ma Xin‐long , Hu Yong‐cheng , Miao Jun , Zhang Ji‐dong , Bai Jian‐qiang , Xia Qun 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveTo introduce and analyze the feasibility of a new surgical strategy for circumferential reconstruction of subaxial cervical and cervicothoracic spine by simultaneously combined anterior–posterior approach in the sitting position.MethodsA retrospective review was performed for seven patients who underwent the above surgical procedure between July 2011 and January 2015. Among the seven patients, there were six men and one woman, with an average age of 52 years (range, 36–79 years). Six patients were confirmed to have a lower subaxial cervical fracture and dislocation with a locked facet joint, and the other patient had an invasive tumor involving both anterior and posterior parts of vertebrae and lamina, detected by radiological examination. The levels involved for all patients were from C4 to T2. According to American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) classification, one case was class A, four were class B, and two were class D. The patients were restricted in the sitting position with traction and a halo in extension to immobilize the head during the operation. The simultaneously combined anterior–posterior operation for reduction, decompression or tumor resection and circumferential reconstruction was carried out.ResultsBoth anterior and posterior procedures were successfully completed simultaneously in the sitting position in all cases. There were no perioperative complications. The average operative time was 175 ± 32 min (range, 120–240 min), and the mean blood loss was 430 ± 85 mL (range, 200–1100 mL). The patients were followed up for 35.8 months (range, 18–60 months). The symptom of neck pain improved distinctly and no evidence of implant failure was noted in any patients. Neurological status improvement was confirmed in six patients, who had suffered incomplete paralysis. The ASIA grade improved in five patients, and two cases had no change in grade.ConclusionsThe “sitting position” simultaneously combined anterior–posterior approach is safe and is superior to the traditional prone position and supine position, and the surgical results are satisfactory.
Analysis of pediatric adverse reactions to transfusions
Authors: Vossoughi Sarah , Perez Gabriela , Whitaker Barbee I. , Fung Mark K. , Stotler Brie 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUNDChildren are known to be physiologically and biochemically different from adults. However, there are no multi‐institutional studies examining the differences in the frequency, type, and severity of transfusion reactions in pediatric versus adult patients. This study aims to characterize differences between pediatric and adult patients regarding adverse responses to transfusions.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThis is a retrospective data analysis of nine children's hospitals and 35 adult hospitals from January 2009 through December 2015. Included were pediatric and adult patients who had a reported reaction to transfusion of any blood component. Rates are reported as per 100,000 transfusions for comparison between pediatric and adult patients.RESULTSPediatric patients had an overall higher reaction rate compared to adults: 538 versus 252 per 100,000 transfusions, notably higher for red blood cell (577 vs. 278 per 100,000; p < 0.001) and platelet (833 vs. 358 per 100,000; p < 0.001) transfusions. Statistically higher rates of allergic reactions, febrile nonhemolytic reactions, and acute hemolytic reactions were observed in pediatric patients. Adults had a higher rate of delayed serologic transfusion reactions, delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions, and transfusion‐associated circulatory overload.CONCLUSIONPediatric patients had double the rate of transfusion reactions compared to adults. The nationally reported data on reaction rates are consistent with this study's findings in adults but much lower than the observed rates for pediatric patients. Future studies are needed to address the differences in reaction rates, particularly in allergic and febrile reactions, and to further address blood transfusion practices in the pediatric patient population.
Emergence of Ceftolozane-Tazobactam-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa during Treatment Is Mediated by a Single AmpC Structural Mutation
Authors: MacVane Shawn H. , Pandey Ruchi , Steed Lisa L. , Kreiswirth Barry N. , Chen Liang 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Ceftolozane-tazobactam is a cephalosporin-β-lactamase inhibitor combination that exhibits potent
in vitro
activity against
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
, including strains that are resistant to other β-lactams. The emergence of ceftolozane-tazobactam resistance among clinical isolates of
P. aeruginosa
has rarely been described. Here we characterized ceftolozane-tazobactam-resistant
P. aeruginosa
strains recovered from a patient who was treated with this agent for 6 weeks for a recurrent wound infection. The results showed that the resistance was mediated by a single AmpC structural mutation.