bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights into the role of sulfated glycans in cancer cell adhesion and migration through use of branched peptide probe
Authors: Brunetti Jlenia , Depau Lorenzo , Falciani Chiara , Gentile Mariangela , Mandarini Elisabetta , Riolo Giulia , Lupetti Pietro , Pini Alessandro , Bracci Luisa 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe tetra-branched peptide NT4 selectively binds to different human cancer cells and tissues. NT4 specifically binds to sulfated glycosaminoglycans on cancer cell membranes. Since sulfated glycosaminoglycans are involved in cancer cell interaction with the extracellular matrix, we evaluated the effect of NT4 on cancer cell adhesion and migration. We demonstrated here that the branched peptide NT4 binds sulfated glycosaminoglycans with high affinity and with preferential binding to heparan sulfate. NT4 inhibits cancer cell adhesion and migration on different proteins, without modifying cancer cell morphology or their ability to produce protrusions, but dramatically affecting the directionality and polarity of cell movement. Results obtained by taking advantage of the selective targeting of glycosaminoglycans chains by NT4, provide insights into the role of heparan sulfate proteoglycans in cancer cell adhesion and migration and suggest a determinant role of sulfated glycosaminoglycans in the control of cancer cell directional migration.
A novel recombinant 6Aβ15-THc-C chimeric vaccine (rCV02) mitigates Alzheimer’s disease-like pathology, cognitive decline and synaptic loss in aged 3 × Tg-AD mice
Authors: Yu Yun-Zhou , Liu Si , Wang Hai-Chao , Shi Dan-Yang , Xu Qing , Zhou Xiao-Wei , Sun Zhi-Wei , Huang Pei-Tang 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that impairs memory and cognition. Targeting amyloid-β (Aβ) may be currently the most promising immunotherapeutic strategy for AD. In this study, a recombinant chimeric 6Aβ15-THc-C immunogen was formulated with alum adjuvant as a novel Aβ B-cell epitope candidate vaccine (rCV02) for AD. We examined its efficacy in preventing the cognitive deficit and synaptic impairment in 3 × Tg-AD mice. Using a toxin-derived carrier protein, the rCV02 vaccine elicited robust Aβ-specific antibodies that markedly reduced AD-like pathology and improved behavioral performance in 3 × Tg-AD mice. Along with the behavioral improvement in aged 3 × Tg-AD mice, rCV02 significantly decreased calpain activation concurrent with reduced soluble Aβ or oligomeric forms of Aβ, probably by preventing dynamin 1 and PSD-95 degradation. Our data support the hypothesis that reducing Aβ levels in rCV02-immunized AD mice increases the levels of presynaptic dynamin 1 and postsynaptic PSD-95 allowing functional recovery of cognition. In conclusion, this novel and highly immunogenic rCV02 shows promise as a new candidate prophylactic vaccine for AD and may be useful for generating rapid and strong Aβ-specific antibodies in AD patients with pre-existing memory Th cells generated after immunization with conventional tetanus toxoid vaccine.
Populations of the Minor α-Conformation in AcGXGNH2 and the α-Helical Nucleation Propensities
Authors: Zhou Yanjun , He Liu , Zhang Wenwen , Hu Jingjing , Shi Zhengshuang 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIntrinsic backbone conformational preferences of different amino acids are important for understanding the local structure of unfolded protein chains. Recent evidence suggests α-structure is relatively minor among three major backbone conformations for unfolded proteins. The α-helices are the dominant structures in many proteins. For these proteins, how could the α-structures occur from the least in unfolded to the most in folded states? Populations of the minor α-conformation in model peptides provide vital information. Reliable determination of populations of the α-conformers in these peptides that exist in multiple equilibriums of different conformations remains a challenge. Combined analyses on data from AcGXPNH2 and AcGXGNH2 peptides allow us to derive the populations of PII, β and α in AcGXGNH2. Our results show that on average residue X in AcGXGNH2 adopt PII, β, and α 44.7%, 44.5% and 10.8% of time, respectively. The contents of α-conformations for different amino acids define an α-helix nucleation propensity scale. With derived PII, β and α-contents, we can construct a free energy-conformation diagram on each AcGXGNH2 in aqueous solution for the three major backbone conformations. Our results would have broad implications on early-stage events of protein folding.
Heritability and Reversibility of DNA Methylation Induced by in vitro Grafting between Brassica juncea and B. oleracea
Authors: Cao Liwen , Yu Ningning , Li Junxing , Qi Zhenyu , Wang Dan , Chen Liping 
Published: June 2016

AbstractGrafting between tuber mustard and red cabbage produced a chimeric shoot apical meristem (SAM) of TTC, consisting of Layers I and II from Tuber mustard and Layer III from red Cabbage. Phenotypic variations, which mainly showed in leaf shape and SAM, were observed in selfed progenies GSn (GS = grafting-selfing, n = generations) of TTC. Here the heritability of phenotypic variation and its association with DNA methylation changes in GSn were investigated. Variation in leaf shape was found to be stably inherited to GS5, but SAM variation reverted over generations. Subsequent measurement of DNA methylation in GS1 revealed 5.29–6.59% methylation changes compared with tuber mustard (TTT), and 31.58% of these changes were stably transmitted to GS5, but the remainder reverted to the original status over generations, suggesting grafting-induced DNA methylation changes could be both heritable and reversible. Sequence analysis of differentially methylated fragments (DMFs) revealed methylation mainly changed within transposons and exon regions, which further affected the expression of genes, including flowering time- and gibberellin response-related genes. Interestingly, DMFs could match differentially expressed siRNA of GS1, GS3 and GS5, indicating that grafting-induced DNA methylation could be directed by siRNA changes. These results suggest grafting-induced DNA methylation may contribute to phenotypic variations induced by grafting.
An autism-associated mutation in CaV1.3 channels has opposing effects on voltage- and Ca2+-dependent regulation
Authors: Limpitikul Worawan B. , Dick Ivy E. , Ben-Johny Manu , Yue David T. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCaV1.3 channels are a major class of L-type Ca2+ channels which contribute to the rhythmicity of the heart and brain. In the brain, these channels are vital for excitation-transcription coupling, synaptic plasticity, and neuronal firing. Moreover, disruption of CaV1.3 function has been associated with several neurological disorders. Here, we focus on the de novo missense mutation A760G which has been linked to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). To explore the role of this mutation in ASD pathogenesis, we examined the effects of A760G on CaV1.3 channel gating and regulation. Introduction of the mutation severely diminished the Ca2+-dependent inactivation (CDI) of CaV1.3 channels, an important feedback system required for Ca2+ homeostasis. This reduction in CDI was observed in two major channel splice variants, though to different extents. Using an allosteric model of channel gating, we found that the underlying mechanism of CDI reduction is likely due to enhanced channel opening within the Ca2+-inactivated mode. Remarkably, the A760G mutation also caused an opposite increase in voltage-dependent inactivation (VDI), resulting in a multifaceted mechanism underlying ASD. When combined, these regulatory deficits appear to increase the intracellular Ca2+ concentration, thus potentially disrupting neuronal development and synapse formation, ultimately leading to ASD.
Discovery of Novel Splice Variants and Regulatory Mechanisms for Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein in Human Tissues
Authors: Suzuki Takashi , Swift Larry L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMicrosomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) is a unique lipid transfer protein essential for the assembly of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins by the liver and intestine. Previous studies in mice identified a splice variant of MTP with an alternate first exon. Splice variants of human MTP have not been reported. Using PCR approaches we have identified two splice variants in human tissues, which we have named MTP-B and MTP-C. MTP-B has a unique first exon (Ex1B) located 10.5 kb upstream of the first exon (Ex1A) for canonical MTP (MTP-A); MTP-C contains both first exons for MTP-A and MTP-B. MTP-B was found in a number of tissues, whereas MTP-C was prominent in brain and testis. MTP-B does not encode a protein; MTP-C encodes the same protein encoded by MTP-A, although MTP-C translation is strongly inhibited by regulatory elements within its 5′-UTR. Using luciferase assays, we demonstrate that the promoter region upstream of exon 1B is quite adequate to drive expression of MTP. We conclude that alternate splicing plays a key role in regulating cellular MTP levels by introducing distinct promoter regions and unique 5′-UTRs, which contain elements that alter translation efficiency, enabling the cell to optimize MTP activity.
Effects of bioirrigation of non-biting midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) on lake sediment respiration
Authors: Baranov Viktor , Lewandowski Jörg , Romeijn Paul , Singer Gabriel , Krause Stefan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBioirrigation or the transport of fluids into the sediment matrix due to the activities of organisms such as bloodworms (larvae of Diptera, Chironomidae), has substantial impacts on sediment respiration in lakes. However, previous quantifications of bioirrigation impacts of Chironomidae have been limited by technical challenges such as the difficulty to separate faunal and bacterial respiration. This paper describes a novel method based on the bioreactive tracer resazurin for measuring respiration in-situ in non-sealed systems with constant oxygen supply. Applying this new method in microcosm experiments revealed that bioirrigation enhanced sediment respiration by up to 2.5 times. The new method is yielding lower oxygen consumption than previously reported, as it is only sensitive to aerobic heterotrophous respiration and not to other processes causing oxygen decrease. Hence it decouples the quantification of respiration of animals and inorganic oxygen consumption from microbe respiration in sediment.
Discovery of a rhamnose utilization pathway and rhamnose-inducible promoters in Pichia pastoris
Authors: Liu Bo , Zhang Yuwei , Zhang Xue , Yan Chengliang , Zhang Yuhong , Xu Xinxin , Zhang Wei 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe rhamnose utilization pathway in Pichia pastoris has not been clarified although this strain can grow well on rhamnose as a sole carbon source. In this study, four genes, PAS_chr4_0338, PAS_chr4_0339, PAS_chr4_0340 and PAS_chr4_0341, were, for the first time, predicted to be involved in rhamnose metabolism along with the previously identified gene PAS_chr1_4-0075. Moreover, expression of these genes, especially PAS_chr4_0341 and PAS_chr1_4-0075 designated as LRA4 and LRA3, was confirmed to significantly increase and clearly decrease in the presences of rhamnose and glucose, respectively. LRA4 encoding a putative L-2-keto-3-deoxyrhamnonate aldolase, was further confirmed via gene disruption and gene complementation to participate in rhamnose metabolism. Using β-galactosidase and green fluorescent protein as reporters, the promoters of LRA4 and LRA3 performed well in driving efficient production of heterologous proteins. By using food grade rhamnose instead of the toxic compound methanol as the inducer, the two promoters would be excellent candidates for driving the production of food-grade and therapeutically important recombinant proteins.
Trials of a Contralateral Hearing Aid After Long-Term Unilateral Cochlear Implant Use in Early-Onset Deafness
Authors: Gottermeier Linda , De Filippo Carol , Clark Catherine 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the practicability of binaural hearing by adding a contralateral hearing aid (HA) after long-term cochlear implant (CI) use in prelingually deaf adults.

Method
Five individuals with 1 CI volunteered for a 3-week bimodal (CI + HA) trial. HA gain was set low until sound was tolerable, then increased as listeners acclimated. Participants logged their daily listening experiences and were closely monitored by the audiologist. Measures included pre- and posttrial consonant-nucleus-consonant (CNC) word and phoneme scores and self-reports of satisfaction and listening ability in difficult situations.

Results
Acoustic stimulation was initially unpleasant, but approached comfort at target gain within the 3-week period. Benefit was demonstrated in continued voluntary HA use and higher bimodal phoneme scores compared to CI alone (8%–31% increases) for 4 of the participants.

Conclusions
When a second CI is not a consideration, a contralateral HA should be pursued as the standard of care for prelingually deaf adults despite substantial auditory deprivation in the previously unaided ear, unpleasant sensations at initial HA fit, or lack of dramatic objective test gains. Frequent audiologist contact, repeated HA adjustments, and client journals are valuable in promoting favorable outcomes with bimodal hearing (adaptation, acceptance, and benefit) for this population.
Changing availability of TV white space in the UK
Authors: Holland O. , Kokkinen H. , Wong S. , Friderikos V. , Raman A. , Dohler M. , Lema M. 
Published: June 2016

The UK regulator Ofcom has held a Pilot of TV white space (TVWS) technology in the UK. On the basis of the results of this Pilot, Ofcom has varied its calculations of allowed white space device equivalent isotropically radiated powers (EIRP). Further, the World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC) 2015 has assigned 694‐790 MHz to mobile broadband on a co‐primary basis, in International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Region 1 (which includes the UK/EU). Fundamental observations on the effects of these changes on TVWS availability in the UK are provided.
Delineating ecologically significant taxonomic units from global patterns of marine picocyanobacteria
Authors: Farrant Gregory K. , Doré Hugo , Cornejo-Castillo Francisco M. , Partensky Frédéric , Ratin Morgane , Ostrowski Martin , Pitt Frances D. , Wincker Patrick , Scanlan David J. , Iudicone Daniele , Acinas Silvia G. , Garczarek Laurence 
Published: June 2016

SignificanceMetagenomics has become an accessible approach to study complex microbial communities thanks to the advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies. However, molecular ecology studies often face interpretation issues, notably due to the lack of reliable reference databases for assigning reads to the correct taxa and use of fixed cutoffs to delineate taxonomic groups. Here, we considerably refined the phylogeography of marine picocyanobacteria, responsible for about 25% of global marine productivity, by recruiting reads targeting a high-resolution marker fromTaraOceans metagenomes. By clustering lineages based on their distribution patterns, we showed that there is significant diversity at a finer resolution than the currently defined “ecotypes,” a diversity that is tightly controlled by environmental cues.
Valence tautomerism in synthetic models of cytochrome P450
Authors: Das Pradip Kumar , Samanta Subhra , McQuarters Ashley B. , Lehnert Nicolai , Dey Abhishek 
Published: June 2016

Significance
Cytochrome P450 is a mammalian enzyme responsible for the catabolism of organic molecules (food, drug, etc.) as well as biosynthesis of hormones and cholesterol. Unfortunately, in stark contrast to the stability of the enzyme, its synthetic mimics rapidly degrade on being exposed to oxygen impeding erstwhile efforts of the scientific community to understand its chemistry in detail. Here the discovery of a valence tautomerism between a ferric thiolate and an arcane ferrous-thiyl species in synthetic models at room temperature is proposed to be at the root of this three-decade-old mystery. Hydrogen bonding to the thiolate sulfur, also present in the enzyme active site, restrains the system to the ferric thiolate form imparting its stability in the presence of oxygen.
Structural basis for concerted recruitment and activation of IRF-3 by innate immune adaptor proteins
Authors: Zhao Baoyu , Shu Chang , Gao Xinsheng , Sankaran Banumathi , Du Fenglei , Shelton Catherine L. , Herr Andrew B. , Ji Jun-Yuan , Li Pingwei 
Published: June 2016

SignificanceType I IFNs are key cytokines involved in antiviral immunity. A number of innate sensing pathways regulate the induction of type I IFNs. These pathways converge at the activation of the transcription factor IRF-3 (IFN regulatory factor 3). Three different adaptors mediate the recruitment of IRF-3 using a conserved structural motif. In this study, we determined the molecular mechanisms by which these adaptors recruit IRF-3 upon phosphorylation, the mechanism of IRF-3 activation, and how rotavirus subverts these signaling mechanisms to evade innate immune surveillance. These results provide critical insights into the molecular basis of innate immunity against microbial and viral infections.
Local, global, and nonlinear screening in twisted double-layer graphene
Authors: Lu Chih-Pin , Rodriguez-Vega Martin , Li Guohong , Luican-Mayer Adina , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Rossi Enrico , Andrei Eva Y. 
Published: June 2016

Significance
Using scanning tunneling microscopy and numerical simulations we demonstrate that a graphene buffer sheet placed underneath an atomically thin layer is an extremely effective method to increase the quality of 2D electron systems without modifying their electronic structure and without compromising the gating capabilities. We show that owing to its remarkable nonlinear screening capability the graphene buffer layer provides better shielding from substrate-induced perturbations than either increasing the distance to the substrate or doubling the carrier density, or even than using a graphene bilayer.
Machine translation quality in an audiovisual context
Authors: Burchardt Aljoscha , Lommel Arle , Bywood Lindsay , Harris Kim , Popović Maja 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The volume of Audiovisual Translation (AVT) is increasing to meet the rising demand for data that needs to be accessible around the world. Machine Translation (MT) is one of the most innovative technologies to be deployed in the field of translation, but it is still too early to predict how it can support the creativity and productivity of professional translators in the future. Currently, MT is more widely used in (non-AV) text translation than in AVT. In this article, we discuss MT technology and demonstrate why its use in AVT scenarios is particularly challenging. We also present some potentially useful methods and tools for measuring MT quality that have been developed primarily for text translation. The ultimate objective is to bridge the gap between the tech-savvy AVT community, on the one hand, and researchers and developers in the field of high-quality MT, on the other.
Cross-cultural pragmatics and audiovisual translation
Authors: Guillot Marie-Noëlle 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this article, audiovisual translation (AVT) is considered contrastively from a cross-cultural pragmatics perspective, in its uses of language across languages and cultures. This inevitably broaches questions of linguistic and cultural representation, critical in a world in which the global availability of cultural products is ever greater. They are a main focus in this paper, with related questions about the development of subtitling and dubbing language as idiosyncratic varieties and expressive media, and implications for representation and its impact on audiences. AVT research has had many challenges to confront in its early days and these are relatively uncharted territories. Yet current developments like fansubbing and other crowdsourcing activities are re-defining the name of the game and heralding significant changes, in AVT practices and in the ways they and the products and responses they generate are accounted for in research (as evidenced in emerging re-evaluations of quality and subjectivity, e.g.; seePérez-González 2012,2014). These are central concerns in mapping the way forward.
The importance of being relevant?
Authors: Braun Sabine 
Published: June 2016

AbstractInspired by the belief that cognitive and pragmatic models of communication and discourse processing offer great potential for the study of Audiovisual Translation (AVT), this paper will review such models and discuss their contribution to conceptualising the three inter-related sub-processes underlying all forms of AVT: the comprehension of the multimodal discourse by the translator; the translation of selected elements of this discourse; and the comprehension of the newly formed multimodal discourse by the target audience. The focus will be on two models, Relevance Theory, which presents the most comprehensive pragmatic model of communication, and Mental Model Theory, which underlies cognitive models of discourse processing. The two approaches will be used to discuss and question common perceptions of AVT as being ‘constrained’ and ‘partial’ translation.
The ‘engendering’ approach in audiovisual translation
Authors: De Marco Marcella 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWithin academia gender analysis has been circumscribed mainly to Social Sciences. For years the focus of this analysis has been on the unbalanced representation of men and women as perceived through the use of the (sexist) grammatical and linguistic patterns of a language – for example, in literature – and the use of the images selected to portray male and female bodies – in the case of the mass media. With time, an interest in the implications that also the translation of written and audiovisual texts may have on the representation and perception of gender has grown, and attention has gradually shifted from the literary translation field to the audiovisual one. In the last decade, the study of audiovisual translation discourse from a gender perspective has ranged over a number of genres (TV series, films and commercials) and has resulted in a fruitful debate around the manifold approaches from which gender bias may be investigated, questioned and eventually reversed. In particular,De Marco (2012)has shed light on how much the consideration of audiovisual translation (AVT) as a social practice may benefit from implementing theories inherent to the multifaceted disciplines of Linguistics, Gender Studies, Film Studies and, obviously, Translation Studies. The present article discusses the extent to which such an interdisciplinary and ‘engendering’ approach may contribute to building a valid methodological framework within which AVT can be explored. At the same time, it highlights the limitations entailed by the difficulty of applying the same approach to the study of such a practical area – AVT – in which gender priorities are not perceived as important as other professional priorities.