bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partitioning of functional and taxonomic diversity in surface‐associated microbial communities
Authors: Roth‐Schulze Alexandra J. , Zozaya‐Valdés Enrique , Steinberg Peter D. , Thomas Torsten 
Published: April 2016

SummarySurfaces, including those submerged in the marine environment, are subjected to constant interactions and colonisation by surrounding microorganisms. The principles that determine the assembly of those epibiotic communities are however poorly understood. In this study, we employed a hierarchical design to assess the functionality and diversity of microbial communities on different types of host surfaces (e.g. macroalgae, seagrasses). We found that taxonomic diversity was unique to each type of host, but that the majority of functions (> 95%) could be found in any given surface community, suggesting a high degree of functional redundancy. However, some community functions were enriched on certain surfaces and were related to host‐specific properties (e.g. the degradation of specific polysaccharides). Together these observations support a model, whereby communities on surfaces are assembled from guilds of microorganisms with a functionality that is partitioned into general properties for a surface‐associated life‐style, but also specific features that mediate host‐specificity.
Verbal Triplication Morphology in Stau (Mazi Dialect)
Authors: Gates Jesse P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper presents the first documentation and analysis of a typologically remarkable process of verbal triplication in the Stau language (Sino‐Tibetan). Moreover, Stau's triplication of verbs to index multiple agents (S/A) is also used pragmatically to highlight those agents. Stau's verbal triplication, although unique in many regards, falls into a broader typological linguistic pattern of iconicity, demonstrating that there is often a strong tie between form and function.
Effect and safety of paroxetine for vasomotor symptoms: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wei D , Chen Y , Wu C , Wu Q , Yao L , Wang Q , Wang XQ , Yang KH 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundParoxetine is the first non‐hormone therapy for vasomotor symptoms (VMS) approved based on the results of two phase 3, randomised, placebo‐controlled trials by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2013.ObjectiveTo confirm the effect and safety of paroxetine for vasomotor symptoms (VMS).Search strategyMEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CENTRAL, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) and four Chinese databases was searched from the date of their inception to 7 June 2014.Selection criteriaWe included RCTs on the effect of paroxetine compared with placebo or no treatment for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women who experienced moderate‐to‐severe vasomotor symptoms.Data collection and analysisTwo reviewers screened records and extracted the information independently. The included studies were appraised by two independent reviewers using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. We synthesised the data in random‐effects models and rated the quality of evidence using GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach.Main resultsFive articles with six RCTs (1571 participants) were included. Paroxetine significantly reduced the frequency of hot flushes by 8.86 per week (95% confidence interval (CI) 5.69–12.04, P < 0.00001, I2 = 83%) at week 4 and 7.36 per week (95% CI, 4.25–10.46, P < 0.00001, I2 = 62%) at week 12. The quality of the evidence on the effect of paroxetine for VMS was moderate.ConclusionsThere was moderate quality of evidence supporting the effectiveness of paroxetine for vasomotor symptoms; however, it causes nausea and dizziness.Tweetable abstractReview finds paroxetine effective for menopausal symptoms with some side effects: evidence strength moderate.
Advice to Quit Smoking and Ratings of Health Care among Medicare Beneficiaries Aged 65+
Authors: Winpenny Eleanor , Elliott Marc N. , Haas Ann , Haviland Amelia M. , Orr Nate , Shadel William G. , Ma Sai , Friedberg Mark W. , Cleary Paul D. 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between physician advice to quit smoking and patient care experiences.Data SourceThe 2012 Medicare Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (MCAHPS) surveys.Study DesignFixed‐effects linear regression models were used to analyze cross‐sectional survey data, which included a nationally representative sample of 26,432 smokers aged 65+.Principal FindingsEleven of 12 patient experience measures were significantly more positive among smokers who were always advised to quit smoking than those advised to quit less frequently. There was an attenuated but still significant and positive association of advice to quit smoking with both physician rating and physician communication, after controlling for other measures of care experiences.ConclusionsPhysician‐provided cessation advice was associated with more positive patient assessments of their physicians.
Valuing the Impacts of An Invasive Biological Control Agent: A Choice Experiment on the Asian Ladybird in France
Authors: Chakir Raja , David Maia , Gozlan Estelle , Sangare Aminata 
Published: April 2016

AbstractInitially used as a biological control against aphids, the Asian ladybird has become highly invasive in many regions, including Europe. While biological control is usually considered as an environmentally‐friendly alternative to chemical pesticides in controlling pests in crops, there is growing concern that these environmental benefits could be outweighed by the negative consequences of the invasion. These include (i) biodiversity losses as populations of native ladybirds suffer from intraguild predation and competition for resources; (ii) human nuisance in houses, including risks of allergy and (iii) potential losses to wine‐growers. We provide an economic valuation of environmental and private characteristics affected by the Asian ladybird's invasion. We conduct a discrete choice experiment among a representative sample of the French population. Our results show that the consequences of the Asian ladybird's introduction do affect significantly the population's welfare. Among these, the impact on biodiversity through the threat on native species appears to be a significant concern.
Blind Detection of Region Duplication Forgery Using Fractal Coding and Feature Matching
Authors: Jenadeleh Mohsen , Ebrahimi Moghaddam Mohsen 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDigital image forgery detection is important because of its wide use in applications such as medical diagnosis, legal investigations, and entertainment. Copy–move forgery is one of the famous techniques, which is used in region duplication. Many of the existing copy–move detection algorithms cannot effectively blind detect duplicated regions that are made by powerful image manipulation software like Photoshop. In this study, a new method is proposed for blind detecting manipulations in digital images based on modified fractal coding and feature vector matching. The proposed method not only detects typical copy–move forgery, but also finds multiple copied forgery regions for images that are subjected to rotation, scaling, reflection, and a mixture of these postprocessing operations. The proposed method is robust against tampered images undergoing attacks such as Gaussian blurring, contrast scaling, and brightness adjustment. The experimental results demonstrated the validity and efficiency of the method.
Insulin degludec/insulin aspart versus biphasic insulin aspart 30 twice daily in insulin‐experienced Japanese subjects with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes: Subgroup analysis of a Pan‐Asian, treat‐to‐target Phase 3 Trial
Authors: Taneda Shinji , Hyllested‐Winge Jacob , Gall Mari‐Anne , Kaneko Shizuka , Hirao Koichi 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe present study was a subgroup analysis of a Pan‐Asian Phase 3 open‐label randomized treat‐to‐target trial evaluating insulin degludec/insulin aspart (IDegAsp) and biphasic insulin aspart 30 (BIAsp 30) in Japanese subjects with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on insulin.MethodsEligible subjects (n = 178) were randomized (2: 1) to twice‐daily (b.i.d.) IDegAsp or BIAsp 30 with or without metformin for 26 weeks, titrated to a blood glucose target of between 3.9 and <5.0 mmol/L. Changes in HbA1c, the proportion of responders reaching the HbA1c target, and changes in fasting plasma glucose, nine‐point self‐monitored plasma glucose profiles, and body weight were assessed.ResultsAt 26 weeks, the decrease in HbA1c was similar in both groups. Fasting plasma glucose was lower with IDegAsp than BIAsp 30 (estimated treatment difference −1.50 mmol/L; 95 % confidence interval [CI] −1.98, −1.01). Overall confirmed hypoglycemia rates were similar; the nocturnal confirmed hypoglycemia rate was lower with IDegAsp than BIAsp 30 (estimated rate ratio 0.44; 95 % CI 0.20, 0.99). No severe hypoglycemic episodes were reported.ConclusionsThe results indicate that IDegAsp b.i.d. improves glycemic control and, compared with BIAsp 30, lowers the rate of nocturnal confirmed hypoglycemia.
Inter‐observer variability in mammographic density assessment using Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists (RANZCR) synoptic scales
Authors: Damases Christine N , Mello‐Thoms Claudia , McEntee Mark F 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to evaluate observer variability in mammographic density assessment as measured using the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists (RANZCR) synoptic scales. Visual assessment of mammographic density by radiologists is commonly used in clinical practice; however, these assessments have been shown to be more subjective than quantitative methods.MethodsThe study included 40 cases of left cranial‐caudal (CC) and mediolateral oblique (MLO) radiographs from 20 women. RANZCR‐registered radiologists (n = 26) estimated mammographic breast density of the same images according to RANZCR synoptic scales 1–4. All images had their volumetric density classified using Volpara Density Grade (VDG) and Average Volumetric Breast Density percentage (AvBD%).ResultsThe results showed that the radiologists sampled had specialized for 17.18 years (sd 12.03) and read 2072 (sd 2441) mammograms per year on average. Inter‐observer agreement using RANZCR synoptic scales had an average Kappa of 0.360; (95% CI = 0.308–0.412) and a range of 0.078–0.499. Radiologists estimated percentage density was lower by 0.37 than VDG, with their mean being 2.18 and the mean VDG was 2.55 (Z = −3.873; P < 0.001). VDG and RANZCR showed a positive strong correlation (ρ = 0.898; P < 0.001). AvBD% and RANZCR also showed a positive strong correlation (ρ = 0.904; P < 0.001).ConclusionThe inter‐observer agreement with RANZCR synoptic scales was fair. Wide inter‐observer variability was observed. Continued research on appropriate assessment methods for mammographic density assessment is required to avoid unnecessary variations.
Recombination‐prone bacterial strains form a reservoir from which epidemic clones emerge in agroecosystems
Authors: Merda Déborah , Bonneau Sophie , Guimbaud Jean‐François , Durand Karine , Brin Chrystelle , Boureau Tristan , Lemaire Christophe , Jacques Marie‐Agnès , Fischer‐Le Saux Marion 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThe acquisition of virulence‐related genes through horizontal gene transfer can modify the pathogenic profiles of strains and lead to the emergence of new diseases. Xanthomonas arboricola is a bacterial species largely known for the damage it causes to stone and nut fruit trees worldwide. In addition to these host‐specific populations called pathovars, many nonpathogenic strains have been identified in this species. Their evolutionary significance in the context of pathogen emergence is unknown. We looked at seven housekeeping genes amplified from 187 pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains isolated from various plants worldwide to analyze population genetics and recombination dynamics. We also examined the dynamics of the gains and losses of genes associated with life history traits (LHTs) during X. arboricola evolution. We discovered that X. arboricola presents an epidemic population structure. Successful pathovars of trees (i.e. pruni, corylina and juglandis) are epidemic clones whose emergence appears to be linked to the acquisition of eight genes coding for Type III effectors. The other strains of this species are part of a recombinant network, within which LHT‐associated genes might have been lost. We suggest that nonpathogenic strains, because of their high genetic diversity and propensity for recombination, may promote the emergence of pathogenic strains.
Male infertility: an obstacle to sexuality?
Authors: Bechoua S. , Hamamah S. , Scalici E. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryInteractions between infertility and sexuality are numerous and complex. Infertile men may suffer from sexual dysfunction (SD) when undergoing an assisted reproductive technology programme. We undertook a review both in French and English of the available data on male SD when being diagnosed with a fertility problem with a specific focus on azoospermic men. The review was performed over a 30‐year time period using PubMed/Medline. The sexual concerns and needs of infertile/sterile men for whom potential parenting can be compromised were evaluated. When diagnosed with infertility, men usually go through a crisis that can have a deleterious effect on their sexuality with sometimes a feeling of sexual inadequacy. Infertile men will feel stigmatized because they are perceived as being deficient in a specific component of their masculinity. Hence, subsequent SD may occur that can impact the couple sexuality and the infertility management. However, little is known on how the announcement of azoospermia may affect male on a sexual and psychological point of view. The present review suggests that a global management through a healthcare network (biologist, andrologist, sexologist and psychologist) is required which will allow to consider infertility and its subsequent sexual disorders as a whole and not as dichotomized issues.
Tp‐e Interval, Tp‐e/QTc Ratio, and Fragmented QRS Are Correlated with the Severity of Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Akboga Mehmet Kadri , Yuksel Mahmut , Balci Kevser Gulcihan , Kaplan Mustafa , Cay Serkan , Gokbulut Volkan , Yayla Cagri , Ertem Ahmet Goktug , Ayhan Meral Akdogan , Topaloglu Serkan , Aras Dursun 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundArrhythmias and electrocardiographic changes are reported in several noncardiac diseases, including liver cirrhosis (LC). We intended to evaluate the interval from the peak to the end of the electrocardiographic T wave (Tp‐e), Tp‐e/QTc ratio, and fQRS as presumed markers of arrhythmias in LC.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, a total of 88 consecutive patients with LC according to clinical, biological, ultrasonographic, or histological criteria and 73 control subjects were enrolled. The severity of cirrhosis was classified according to Pugh‐Child's classification and Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score. Tp‐e interval, Tp‐e/QTc ratio, and fQRS rates were measured from the 12‐lead electrocardiogram.ResultsTp‐e interval, Tp‐e/QTc ratio and fQRS rates were significantly increased in parallel to the severity of LC (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P = 0.003, respectively). In correlation analysis, Pugh‐Child stage showed a significantly positive correlation with Tp‐e interval (r = 0.462, P < 0.001), QTc interval (r = 0.373, P < 0.001), Tp‐e/QTc ratio (r = 0.352, P < 0.001), and fQRS (r = 0.407, P < 0.001). Furthermore, Tp‐e interval (r = 0.414, P < 0.001) and Tp‐e/QTc ratio (r = 0.426, P< 0.001) had significant positive correlation with MELD score.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that Tp‐e interval, Tp‐e/QTc ratios, and fQRS rates were significantly increased in parallel to the severity of LC. Thus, these findings may implicate that Tp‐e interval, Tp‐e/QTc ratio, and fQRS may be novel and useful indicators for prediction of arrhythmias in LC.
Tumour thickness as a determinant of nodal metastasis in oral tongue carcinoma
Authors: Wang Kejia , Veivers David 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundTumour thickness is a strong predictor for cervical node involvement in oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), with a recent meta‐analysis concluding a 4‐mm optimal prognostic cut‐off point. No consensus has been reached for the tumour thickness cut‐off for oral tongue SCCs.MethodsA retrospective review of prospectively collected data from 112 patients by the Northern Sydney Cancer Centre (Australia) with primary oral tongue SCC was conducted. Tumour thickness was measured by standard histopathological techniques and cervical node involvement was determined either from neck dissection histopathology or by clinical and radiological follow‐up.ResultsNeck dissection was performed in 78 patients (70%). Tumour thickness was a significant predictor of cervical node disease (P < 0.01), with a median tumour thickness of 5.5 mm. Cervical node metastasis rates for tumours <2, 2–3.9 and ≥4 mm thick were 10%, 42.1% and 46.5%, respectively. The rate of cervical node metastasis was significantly higher for patients with tumours thicker than a cut‐off of 2 mm (odds ratio: 7.53, P < 0.01). A 4‐mm thickness cut‐off was also statistically significant (P < 0.05); however, the odds ratio was smaller at 2.52.ConclusionDespite some previous evidence for a 4‐mm tumour thickness cut‐off in oral tongue SCCs, thinner tumours (2–3.9 mm) can also have a propensity for cervical node metastasis. Patients in this category require close monitoring for regional recurrence if they do not have a neck dissection.
Association between neonatal resuscitation and a single nucleotide polymorphism rs1835740
Authors: Odd David , Váradi Anikó , Rajatileka Shavanthi , Molnár Elek , Luyt Karen 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this work was to test whether three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) implicated in glutamate homoeostasis or signalling and cellular survival are associated with birth condition.MethodsThis study is drawn from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. A total of 7611 term infants were genotyped and patient outcome data retrieved from routine medical records. Exposure measures were the presence of one or more minor alleles in one of 3 SNPs (rs2284411, rs2498804, rs1835740). The primary outcome was the need for resuscitation at birth.ResultsFor SNP rs1835740, infants homozygous for the minor allele compared to wild type were more likely to need resuscitation (9.2% vs. 7.0%, p = 0.041), while the odds ratio for resuscitation was associated with each increasing minor allele [OR 1.17 (1.01–1.35)]. Population attributable risk fraction was 6.5%. There was no evidence that the other two SNPs investigated were associated with birth condition.ConclusionWe have tested three candidate SNPs to measure any association with birth condition. The study revealed that the rs1835740 was associated with the need for resuscitation and Apgar scores, with a substantial population impact.
Translational machinery of mitochondrial mRNA is promoted by physical activity in Western diet‐induced obese mice
Authors: Lee D. E. , Brown J. L. , Rosa M. E. , Brown L. A. , Perry R. A. , Washington T. A. , Greene N. P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimMitochondria‐encoded proteins are necessary for oxidative phosphorylation; however, no report has examined how physical activity (PA) and obesity affect mitochondrial mRNA translation machinery. Our purpose was to determine whether Western diet (WD)‐induced obesity and voluntary wheel running (VWR) impact mitochondrial mRNA translation machinery and whether expression of this machinery is dictated by oxidative phenotype.MethodsObesity was induced with 8‐wk WD feeding, and in the final 4 wks, half of mice were allowed VWR. Mitochondrial mRNA translation machinery including initiation factors (mtIF2/3), elongation factor Tu (TUFM) and translational activator (TACO1), and mitochondria‐encoded proteins (CytB and ND4) was assessed by immunoblotting. The relation of mitochondrial mRNA translation to muscle oxidative phenotype was assessed using PGC‐1α transgenic overexpression (MCK‐PGC‐1α vs. wild‐type mice) and comparing across muscle groups in wild‐type mice.ResultsmtIF3 and TACO1 proteins were ~45% greater in VWR than sedentary (SED), and TACO1 and mtIF2 proteins were ~60% and 125% greater in WD than normal chow (NC). TUFM protein was ~50% lower in WD‐SED than NC‐SED, but ~50% greater in WD‐VWR compared to NC‐SED. CytB and ND4 were ~40% greater in VWR and ND4 was twofold greater with WD. TUFM, TACO1, ND4 and CytB were greater in MCK‐PGC‐1α compared to wild‐type, and mtIF2/3 contents were not different. In oxidative muscle (soleus), mitochondrial translation machinery was elevated compared to mixed (gastrocnemius) or glycolytic (extensor digitorum longus) muscles.ConclusionThese data suggest a novel mechanism promoting mitochondrial function by translation of mitochondrial protein following PA. This may act to promote muscle health by PA in obesity.
Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling of the antimalarial effect of Actelion‐451840 in an induced blood stage malaria study in healthy subjects
Authors: Krause Andreas , Dingemanse Jasper , Mathis Alexandre , Marquart Louise , Möhrle Jörg J. , McCarthy James S. 
Published: April 2016

AimsThe aim of this study was to use data from an experimental induced blood stage malaria clinical trial to characterize the antimalarial activity of the new compound Actelion‐451840 using pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modelling. Then, using simulations from the model, the dose and dosing regimen necessary to achieve cure of infection were derived.MethodsEight healthy male subjects were infected with blood stage P. falciparum. After 7 days, a single dose of 500 mg of Actelion‐451840 was administered under fed conditions. Parasite and drug concentrations were sampled frequently. Parasite growth and the relation to drug exposure were estimated using PK/PD modelling. Simulations were then undertaken to derive estimates of the likelihood of achieving cure in different scenarios.ResultsActelion‐451840 was safe and well tolerated. Single dose treatment markedly reduced the level of P. falciparum parasitaemia, with a weighted average parasite reduction rate of 73.6 (95% CI 56.1, 96.5) and parasite clearance half‐life of 7.7 h (95% CI 7.3, 8.3). A two compartment PK/PD model with a steep concentration−kill effect predicted maximum effect with a sustained concentration of 10–15 ng ml−1 and cure achieved in 90% of subjects with six once daily doses of 300 mg once daily.ConclusionsActelion‐451840 shows clinical efficacy against P. falciparum infections. The PK/PD model developed from a single proof‐of‐concept study with eight healthy subjects enabled prediction of therapeutic effects, with cure rates with seven daily doses predicted to be equivalent to artesunate monotherapy. Larger doses or more frequent dosing are not predicted to achieve more rapid cure.