bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tear Based Bioelectronics
Authors: Pankratov Dmitry , González‐Arribas Elena , Blum Zoltan , Shleev Sergey 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis work provides an overview of the recent advances in the field of tear‐based wearable electrochemical biodevices, including non‐invasive biosensors, biological fuel cells and biosupercapacitors. Contact lenses are attractive platforms for fabricating non‐invasive self‐contained gadgets for different applications, starting from devices with casual or mundane purposes only, like personalized smart lenses with direct (invisible for others) displays, and ending with biomedical devices for continuous fitness status and/or health care monitoring. Key requirements and challenges that confront researchers in this exciting area are discussed.
Duality of channel encoding and decoding ‐ Part I: rate‐1 binary convolutional codes
Authors: Li Yonghui , You Qimin , Liew Soung C. , Vucetic Branka 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we revisit the forward, backward and bidirectional Bahl–Cocke–Jelinek–Raviv (BCJR) soft‐input soft‐output (SISO) maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) decoding process of rate‐1 binary convolutional codes. From this, we establish some interesting explicit relationships between encoding and decoding of rate‐1 convolutional codes. We observe that the forward and backward BCJR SISO MAP decoders can be simply represented by their dual SISO channel encoders using shift registers in the complex number field. Similarly, the bidirectional MAP decoding can be implemented by linearly combining the shift register contents of the dual SISO encoders of the respective forward and backward decoders. The dual encoder structures for various recursive and non‐recursive rate‐1 convolutional codes are derived. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Earth evolution as a thermal system
Authors: Tang Chunan , Li Sanzhong 
Published: January 2016

AbstractCooling and warming has occurred many times during the Earth's history. At times, the Earth has entirely frozen to form a ‘snowball’, while at others, it has become extremely hot, resulting in the mass extinction of species. However, despite 50 years of established plate tectonic theory, the reasons that these patterns and extremes of cooling and warming have occurred remain elusive. Here, we propose a new model of the evolution of the Earth's temperature that explains the planet's thermal cycles in terms of changes in the heat balance of the system. The expansion of the lithosphere and its associated uplift lead to the collapse of Earth's crust, and volcanism and magmatism are the global‐scale response. These shallow lithospheric processes can reach a critical state with a positive feedback loop, resulting in the formation of large igneous provinces, which remove huge heat from lavas by radiating into outer space. Endothermic phase changes during the de‐compressive melting also absorb large quantities of heat from the inner Earth and cool their surroundings. This process may terminate the warming cycle and initiate a new cooling cycle, possibly an ice age. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Confronting Biospecimen Exceptionalism in Proposed Revisions to the Common Rule
Authors: Lynch Holly Fernandez , Bierer Barbara E. , Cohen I. Glenn 
Published: January 2016

AbstractOn September 8, 2015, the Department of Health and Human Services issued a Notice of Proposed Rule Making to revise the Federal Policy for the Protection of Human Subjects, widely known as the “Common Rule.” The NPRM proposes several changes to the current system, including a dramatic shift in the approach to secondary research using biospecimens and data. Under the current rules, it is relatively easy to use biospecimens and data for secondary research. This approach systematically facilitates secondary research with biospecimens and data, maximizing the capacity for substantial public benefit. However, it has been criticized as insufficiently protective of the privacy and autonomy interests of biospecimen and data sources. Thus, the NPRM proposes a more restrictive regime, although more so for biospecimens than data. Both the status quo and the NPRM's proposal are critically flawed.
Pedagogical Support for Responsible Conduct of Research Training
Authors: Anderson Misti Ault 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe number of training programs for the responsible conduct of research (RCR) has increased substantially over the past few decades as the importance of research ethics has received greater attention. It is unclear, however, whether the proliferation of RCR training programs has improved researcher integrity or the public's trust in science. Rather than training researchers simply to comply with regulations, we could use the opportunity to develop researchers' ability to understand and appreciate the ethical ideals that inform the regulations in order to help them integrate ethical decision‐making into their work on a regular basis. Incorporating ethical principles into research training requires a new way of teaching RCR and the development of support materials to facilitate its adoption. The Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues, a panel established to advise the President on bioethical issues arising from advances in biomedicine and related areas of science and technology, developed and provides pedagogical materials based on its published reports to facilitate the integration of ethics education across the curriculum and in support of RCR and general bioethics education.
Using Ergonomic Risk Assessment Methods for Designing Inclusive Work Practices: A Case Study
Authors: Hussain Amjad , Case Keith , Marshall Russell , Summerskill Steve 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn common with many industries, manufacturing faces the challenge of effective management of a diverse workforce. Humans differ greatly, but traditional manufacturing work practices do not take into account human variability issues during the work design process. Variations in individual and organizational work performance are due to many individual factors, such as age, gender, level of skill, experience, and background bring performance inconsistencies. This research investigates the effects of individual skill on work performance in general and workplace safety and human well‐being in particular. A research framework is proposed for highlighting major differences in work‐performing strategies, their potential impact on work performance, and how these findings can be used for designing more inclusive work practices. A case study has been presented in which ergonomics risk assessment methods have been used to validate the usefulness of this framework. It is also concluded that skill has a strong relationship with the level of risk attached to various task‐performing strategies.
Transitional Flow In A Right‐Angled Compound Open Canal Junction
Authors: Biswal S.K. , Mohapatra P.K. , Muralidhar K. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractCompound open canal junctions are of considerable importance in many engineering applications. This paper presents the details of the experimental procedure and the transitional flow characteristics over a partially rough bed in a right‐angled canal junction. To record the instantaneous flow velocity, a 3D downward‐facing acoustic Doppler velocimeter is used. A simplified mathematical model is employed to give a reasonable prediction of experimental results of a small portion of the data recorded. The hydraulics of flow at the canal junction, wherein the flow regime changes from subcritical to supercritical, is observed. The experimental results are presented in light of a dimensionless framework. The results reveal that the physical model describes the flow features well when there are changes in flow state from sub‐ to supercritical. Results of the present observation are compared with the available literature data. Being the first real study of transitional flow, the present work has provided valuable basic information about fundamental aspects of the hydrodynamics model. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strategies for Crop‐Based Scheduling of Secondary Canals: Case Study of Mirpurkhas Subdivision, Pakistan
Authors: Mangrio M.A. , Mirjat M.S. , Hao Li JIU , Chandio A.S. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe present study was conducted in the Mirpurkhas subdivision within cut Jamrao canal command of the Nara Canal Area Water Board. Crop water requirements were evaluated under different irrigation methods. The Mehran model was used to calculate irrigation and crop water requirements, while the crop‐based irrigation operation (CBIO) model was used for secondary canal scheduling/rotation. To calculate irrigation demand, losses in the irrigation network and field application losses were measured. Besides CBIO, scheduling of canals was verified by real‐time scheduling on the basis of weekly crop irrigation demand by simple programming in Excel. The canal scheduling designed on the basis of the CBIO model suggests that all distributaries, minors and direct outlets would be closed for 6 weeks in the kharif season, whereas they will be closed for 7 weeks at premeditated time intervals during the rabi season. The real‐time canal scheduling indicated that the numbers of open and closed weeks are almost same as scheduled by the model; however, certain adjustments have been made to synchronize the closed weeks with annual closure in rabi for canal maintenance. The results further revealed that by implementing canal scheduling in the area, 34 and 40% of irrigation water can be saved in kharif and rabi, respectively. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antennal fine morphology of the threatened beetle Osmoderma eremita (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), revealed by scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Zauli Agnese , Maurizi Emanuela , Carpaneto Giuseppe M. , Chiari Stefano , Svensson Glenn P. , Di Giulio Andrea 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to characterize the antennal morphology of Osmoderma eremita, a threatened scarab beetle inhabiting tree hollows. O. eremita males produce a sex pheromone, (R)‐(+)‐γ‐decalactone, responsible mainly for the attraction of females but also other males. Gross and fine morphology of microstructures including sensilla, microsculpture and pores were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy. The antenna of O. eremita showed the typical lamellicorn shape of scarab beetles, with a basal scape, a pedicel, a funicle composed of five antennomeres and a club composed of three lamellae. Six different subtypes of sensilla chaetica (Ch.1 − 6), Böhm sensilla (Bo), one subtype of sensilla basiconica (Ba.1), two subtypes of sensilla coeloconica (Co.1 − 2), two subtypes of sensilla placodea (Pl.1 − 2), pores and peculiar folds were described. The two sexes did not show any significant differences in the occurrence and number of the sensilla placodea, known to be responsible for the pheromone reception. Instead, some sexual differences were found on the occurrence and topology of three different microstructures: (1) one subtype of sensillum chaeticum (Ch.2) occurring on the pedicel only in males; (2) a characteristic pore occurring on the funicle only in males; (3) a peculiar fold occurring on different antennomeres of the funicle in the two sexes, on the fourth in males and on the fifth in females. A comparison between sensilla of O. eremita and those of other Scarabaeoidea is provided. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:178–191, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cerebrospinal fluid velocity amplitudes within the cerebral aqueduct in healthy children and patients with Chiari I malformation
Authors: Bapuraj J. Rajiv , Londy Frank J. , Delavari Nader , Maher Cormac O. , Garton Hugh J.L. , Martin Bryn A. , Muraszko Karin M. , Ibrahim El‐Sayed H. , Quint Douglas J. 
Published: January 2016

PurposeTo assess the effects of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) bidirectional motion in Chiari malformation type I (CMI), we monitored CSF velocity amplitudes on phase contrast MRI (PC‐MRI) in patients before and after surgery; and in healthy volunteers.Materials and Methods10 pediatric volunteers and 10 CMI patients participated in this study. CMI patients underwent PC‐MRI scans before and approximately 14 months following surgery. Two parameters—amplitude of mean velocity (AMV) and amplitude of peak velocity (APV) of CSF—were derived from the data. Measurements were made at the mid‐portion of the cerebral aqueduct, and anterior and posterior compartments of the spinal canal at the craniovertebral junction (CVJ).ResultsAMV and APV within the cerebral aqueduct were greater in preoperative assessments of the CMI patients compared to normal volunteers. Statistical significance was noted when comparing aqueductal AMV between the preoperative values and normal controls (P = 0.03), and before and after surgery in the CMI patients (P = 0.02). Lower values of AMV (P = 0.02) were noted in the anterior CVJ compartment in the patients before and after surgery when compared to the normal volunteers. There were no significant correlations (P = 0.06) noted for the APV at the CVJ between the normal control and patients, before or after surgery.ConclusionIn pediatric CMI patients, AMV for CSF within the cerebral aqueduct and anterior CVJ subarachnoid space are significantly elevated preoperatively and normalize following surgery. Given the biphasic CSF motion, measuring amplitude accounts for cranial and caudal flow. It may offer an alternative parameter to assess postsurgical outcome. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:463–470.
A further analysis of the tropical Atlantic SST modes and their relations to north‐eastern Brazil rainfall during different phases of Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation
Authors: Kayano Mary T. , Capistrano Vinicius B. , Andreoli Rita V. , de Souza Rodrigo A. F. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the climate variability modes in the South American/Atlantic sector accompanying dry and wet years over north‐eastern Brazil (NEB) in which the tropical Pacific and Atlantic oceanic‐atmospheric conditions usually associated, respectively, with dryness and wetness are absent. The analyses are for several variables and take into account the warm and cold Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) phases (WAMO and CAMO). Four cases are analysed: DRY‐WAMO, DRY‐CAMO, WET‐WAMO and WET‐CAMO. The main difference in the sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly patterns in the tropics between the AMO phases responsible for the differences in the precipitation anomaly patterns is the differential longitude positioning of the warming or cooling of the surface waters in the equatorial Atlantic. In consequence, the anomalous Atlantic Hadley and Walker circulations also show differences between the AMO phases, which justify the observed precipitation anomalies over tropical South America for the analysed cases. The strong anomalous Atlantic Hadley cell determines the dipolar structure of the precipitation anomalies between NEB and northern South America for the DRY‐WAMO and WET‐WAMO cases. The strong anomalous Atlantic Walker cell defines the dryness over NEB for the DRY‐CAMO, and both the strong anomalous Atlantic Hadley and Walker cells act together to yield an anomalous dry condition over NEB and wet condition over northern South America. Therefore, the results here provided clear indications that for climate monitoring and forecasting tasks, the AMO phases should be considered. These are new aspects of the tropical Atlantic variability that might be useful for climate monitoring purposes.
Cloning of genes related to aliphatic glucosinolate metabolism and the mechanism of sulforaphane accumulation in broccoli sprouts under jasmonic acid treatment
Authors: Guo Liping , Yang Runqiang , Gu Zhenxin 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDCytochrome P450 79F1 (CYP79F1), cytochrome P450 83A1 (CYP83A1), UDP‐glucosyltransferase 74B1 (UGT74B1), sulfotransferase 18 (ST5b) and flavin‐containing monooxygenase GS‐OX1 (FMOGS‐OX1) are important enzymes in aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis. In this study, their full‐length cDNA in broccoli was firstly cloned, then the mechanism of sulforaphane accumulation under jasmonic acid (JA) treatment was investigated.RESULTSThe full‐length cDNA of CYP79F1, CYP83A1, UGT74B1, ST5b and FMOGS‐OX1 comprised 1980, 1652, 1592, 1378 and 1623 bp respectively. The increase in aliphatic glucosinolate accumulation in broccoli sprouts treated with JA was associated with elevated expression of genes in the aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthetic pathway. Application of 100 µmol L−1 JA increased myrosinase (MYR) activity but did not affect epithiospecifier protein (ESP) activity in broccoli sprouts, which was supported by the expression of MYR and ESP. Sulforaphane formation in 7‐day‐old sprouts treated with 100 µmol L−1 JA was 3.36 and 1.30 times that in the control and 300 µmol L−1 JA treatment respectively.CONCLUSIONJA enhanced the accumulation of aliphatic glucosinolates in broccoli sprouts via up‐regulation of related gene expression. Broccoli sprouts treated with 100 µmol L−1 JA showed higher sulforphane formation than those treated with 300 µmol L−1 JA owing to the higher glucoraphanin content and myrosinase activity under 100 µmol L−1 JA treatment. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Reduction theorems for Sobolev embeddings into the spaces of Hölder, Morrey and Campanato type
Authors: Holík Miloslav 
Published: January 2016

Let X be a rearrangement‐invariant Banach function space on Q where Q is a cube in and let be the Sobolev space of real‐valued weakly differentiable functions f satisfying . We establish a reduction theorem for an embedding of the Sobolev space into spaces of Campanato, Morrey and Hölder type. As a result we obtain a new characterization of such embeddings in terms of boundedness of a certain one‐dimensional integral operator on representation spaces.
T2 shuffling: Sharp, multicontrast, volumetric fast spin‐echo imaging
Authors: Tamir Jonathan I. , Uecker Martin , Chen Weitian , Lai Peng , Alley Marcus T. , Vasanawala Shreyas S. , Lustig Michael 
Published: January 2016

PurposeA new acquisition and reconstruction method called T2 Shuffling is presented for volumetric fast spin‐echo (three‐dimensional [3D] FSE) imaging. T2 Shuffling reduces blurring and recovers many images at multiple T2 contrasts from a single acquisition at clinically feasible scan times (6–7 min).Theory and MethodsThe parallel imaging forward model is modified to account for temporal signal relaxation during the echo train. Scan efficiency is improved by acquiring data during the transient signal decay and by increasing echo train lengths without loss in signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). By (1) randomly shuffling the phase encode view ordering, (2) constraining the temporal signal evolution to a low‐dimensional subspace, and (3) promoting spatio‐temporal correlations through locally low rank regularization, a time series of virtual echo time images is recovered from a single scan. A convex formulation is presented that is robust to partial voluming and radiofrequency field inhomogeneity.ResultsRetrospective undersampling and in vivo scans confirm the increase in sharpness afforded by T2 Shuffling. Multiple image contrasts are recovered and used to highlight pathology in pediatric patients. A proof‐of‐principle method is integrated into a clinical musculoskeletal imaging workflow.ConclusionThe proposed T2 Shuffling method improves the diagnostic utility of 3D FSE by reducing blurring and producing multiple image contrasts from a single scan. Magn Reson Med 77:180–195, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bifacial weakness with paresthesias: Serial nerve conduction studies indicate diffuse demyelinating neuropathy
Authors: Morgan Catherine , Fuller Geraint , Wakerley Benjamin R. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionBifacial weakness with paresthesias is a rare subtype of Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS), characterized by facial diplegia in the absence of any other cranial neuropathies, limb weakness, or ataxia. Frequently, patients also complain of distal limb paresthesias before or at the time they develop facial weakness.MethodsWe describe a man who developed post‐infective isolated symmetric facial diplegia associated with distal paresthesias. Nerve conduction studies were conducted at 4 time‐points over 6 months.ResultsA monophasic disease course and presence of cerebrospinal fluid albuminocytological dissociation supported a diagnosis of bifacial weakness with paresthesias. Serial nerve conduction studies demonstrated an evolving demyelinating neuropathy with evidence of distal and proximal demyelination without conduction block, which partially resolved over time. Despite complete resolution of facial weakness within weeks, distal paresthesias persisted beyond 6 months.ConclusionsThis study suggests that neuropathy in patients with bifacial weakness and paresthesias is demyelinating and diffuse. Muscle Nerve 53: 818–822, 2016
Congenital myasthenic syndrome due to novel CHAT mutations in an ethnic kadazandusun family
Authors: Tan Joo‐San , Ambang Tomica , Ahmad‐Annuar Azlina , Rajahram Giri Shan , Wong Kum Thong , Goh Khean Jin 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionCholine acetyltransferase (CHAT) gene mutations cause a rare presynaptic congenital myasthenic syndrome due to impaired acetylcholine resynthesis.MethodsWe report 2 Kadazandusun brothers with novel heterozygous CHAT mutations.ResultsThe siblings were from a family of 7 children of nonconsanguineous parents, 3 who died from apneic crises. Both presented in infancy with ptosis and exertional limb weakness, but only 1 apnea episode was reported in the older sibling. The elder brother had a positive edrophonium test, and both were negative for acetylcholine receptor antibodies but improved with pyridostigmine treatment. A subsequent repetitive nerve stimulation test showed marked decremental response in the abductor digiti minimi only after prolonged ulnar nerve stimulation. Two novel CHAT gene mutations, p.Val306Leu and p.Ser704del were detected; the parents carried 1 mutation each.ConclusionsDifferences in survival demonstrate phenotypic variability within the same family and a relatively good long‐term outcome of the surviving siblings. Muscle Nerve 53: 822–826, 2016
Chemistry and photochemistry of natural plant pigments: the anthocyanins
Authors: Silva Volnir O. , Freitas Adilson A. , Maçanita António L. , Quina Frank H. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAnthocyanins are naturally occurring plant pigments responsible for the red, blue, and purple colors of the majority of fruits, flowers, and leaves. The pH‐dependent ground‐state chemistry of anthocyanins is extremely rich. Above about pH 2.5, the colored flavylium cation form typically hydrates to form the colorless hemiacetal, followed by ring‐opening tautomerization to the (E)‐chalcone, which can isomerize to the (Z)‐chalcone. The color of anthocyanins can also be modulated and/or stabilized by complexation with metal ions or with colorless organic molecules (copigments) such as hydroxylated benzoic or cinnamic acids. An understanding of the chemistry that contributes to the loss of color is essential for the development of novel and more effective strategies for the stabilization of the color above pH 3, which would permit the use of anthocyanins as natural pigments in a much wider range of foods or consumer products. In the excited state, uncomplexed anthocyanins undergo ultrafast adiabatic deprotonation (5–20 ps) in aqueous solution to give the corresponding short‐lived (about 200 ps) excited quinonoidal base. Intermolecular and intramolecular complexes of anthocyanins with organic copigments undergo deactivation that is even faster than deprotonation. The colorless hydration products are photoactive in the ultraviolet; thus, the chalcones undergo E–Z photoisomerization, while the hemiacetal form of anthocyanins exhibits photochemistry typical of a chromene. These photoprocesses all potentially contribute to the photostability of anthocyanins in fruit and flowers and are fully consistent with the biological role of anthocyanins in protecting leaves from excess solar radiation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.