bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
English as a Foreign Language in Bilingual Language‐minority Children, Children with Dyslexia and Monolingual Typical Readers
Authors: Bonifacci Paola , Canducci Elisa , Gravagna Giulia , Palladino Paola 
Published: February 2017

The present study was aimed at investigating literacy skills in English as a foreign language in three different groups of children: monolinguals with dyslexia (n = 19), typically developing bilinguals (language‐minority) (n = 19) and a control group of monolinguals (Italian) (n = 76). Bilinguals were not expected to fail in English measures, and their gap with monolinguals would be expected to be limited to the instructional language, owing to underexposure. All participants were enrolled in Italian primary schools (fourth and fifth grades). A non‐verbal reasoning task and Italian and English literacy tasks were administered. The Italian battery included word and non‐word reading (speed and accuracy), word and non‐word writing, and reading comprehension; the English battery included similar tasks, except for the non‐word writing. Bilingual children performed similarly to typical readers in English tasks, whereas in Italian tasks, their performance was similar to that of typical readers in reading speed but not in reading accuracy and writing. Children with dyslexia underperformed compared with typically developing children in all English and Italian tasks, except for reading comprehension in Italian. Profile analysis and correlational analyses were further discussed. These results suggest that English as a foreign language might represent a challenge for students with dyslexia but a strength for bilingual language‐minority children. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Liquid Metals as Efficient High‐Temperature Heat‐Transport Fluids
Authors: Heinzel Annette , Hering Wolfgang , Konys Jürgen , Marocco Luca , Litfin Karsten , Müller Georg , Pacio Julio , Schroer Carsten , Stieglitz Robert , Stoppel Leonid , Weisenburger Alfons , Wetzel Thomas 
Published: February 2017

AbstractLiquid metals appear to be attractive heat‐transport fluids, in particular if looking at their high thermal conductivities and low viscosities. Despite some pioneering technical applications in the past, complex handling, special requirements, safety concerns, and structural degradation of the materials have prevented their widespread application. However, progress in research and development on liquid‐metal science and technology has advanced considerably in the last decade, and this has opened the gate to their broader use in the short term. This requires a more differentiated view on liquid metals, particularly on the specific properties of individual fluids within the context of specific applications. By doing so, many commonly mentioned prejudices vanish or are of minor significance. At the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, a comprehensive research program on liquid‐metal technology has been pursued for more than 50 years, and some of the advances in different applications will be outlined in this article.
Direct finite element method for nonlinear analysis of semi‐unbounded dam–water–foundation rock systems
Authors: Løkke Arnkjell , Chopra Anil K. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryA direct finite element method is presented for nonlinear earthquake analysis of interacting dam–water–foundation rock systems. The analysis procedure applies viscous damper absorbing boundaries to truncate the semi‐unbounded fluid and foundation‐rock domains and specifies at these boundaries effective earthquake forces determined from the design ground motion defined at a control point on the free surface. The analysis procedure is validated numerically by computing the frequency response functions and transient response of an idealized dam–water–foundation rock system and comparing with results from the substructure method. Because the analysis procedure is applicable to nonlinear systems, it allows for modeling of concrete cracking, as well as sliding and separation at construction joints, lift joints, and at concrete–rock interfaces. Implementation of the procedure is facilitated by commercial finite element software with nonlinear material models that permit modeling of viscous damper boundaries and specification of effective earthquake forces at these boundaries. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Less is more: Neural activity during very brief and clearly visible exposure to phobic stimuli
Authors: Siegel Paul , Warren Richard , Wang Zhishun , Yang Jie , Cohen Don , Anderson Jason F. , Murray Lilly , Peterson Bradley S. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractResearch on automatic processes in fear has emphasized the provocation of fear responses rather than their attenuation. We have previously shown that the repeated presentation of feared images without conscious awareness via backward masking reduces avoidance of a live tarantula in spider‐phobic participants. Herein we investigated the neural basis for these adaptive effects of masked exposure. 21 spider‐phobic and 21 control participants, identified by a psychiatric interview, fear questionnaire, and approaching a live tarantula, viewed stimuli in each of three conditions: (1) very brief exposure (VBE) to masked images of spiders, severely limited awareness; (2) clearly visible exposure (CVE) to spiders, full awareness; and (3) masked images of flowers (control), severely limited awareness. Only VBE to masked spiders generated neural activity more strongly in phobic than in control participants, within subcortical fear, attention, higher‐order language, and vision systems. Moreover, VBE activated regions that support fear processing in phobic participants without causing them to experience fear consciously. Counter‐intuitively, CVE to the same spiders generated stronger neural activity in control rather than phobic participants within these and other systems. CVE deactivated regions supporting fear regulation and caused phobic participants to experience fear. CVE‐induced activations also correlated with measures of explicit fear ratings, whereas VBE‐induced activations correlated with measures of implicit fear (color‐naming interference of spider words). These multiple dissociations between the effects of VBE and CVE to spiders suggest that limiting awareness of exposure to phobic stimuli through visual masking paradoxically facilitates their processing, while simultaneously minimizing the experience of fear. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2466–2481, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Supportive psychotherapy or client education alongside surgical procedures to correct complications of female genital mutilation: A systematic review
Authors: Abayomi Olukayode , Chibuzor Moriam T. , Okusanya Babasola O. , Esu Ekpereonne , Odey Edward , Meremikwu Martin M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundSupportive psychotherapy, in individual or group settings, may help improve surgical outcomes for women and girls living with female genital mutilation (FGM).ObjectivesTo assess whether supportive psychotherapy given alongside surgical procedures to correct complications of FGM improves clinical outcomes.Search strategyWe searched major databases including CENTRAL, Medline, African Index Medicus, SCOPUS, PsycINFO, and others. There were no language restrictions. We checked the reference lists of retrieved studies for additional reports of relevant studies.Selection criteriaWe included studies of girls and women living with any type of FGM who received supportive psychotherapy or client education sessions alongside any surgical procedure to correct health complications from FGM.Data collection and analysisTwo team members independently screened studies for eligibility.Main resultsThere were no eligible studies identified.ConclusionsThere is no direct evidence for the benefits or harms of supportive psychotherapy alongside surgical procedures for women and girls living with FGM. Research evidence is urgently needed to guide clinical practice.PROSPERO registration42015024639.
Preclinical safety assessments of nano‐sized constructs on cardiovascular system toxicity: A case for telemetry
Authors: Cheah Hoay Yan , Kiew Lik Voon , Lee Hong Boon , Japundžić‐Žigon Nina , Vicent Marίa J. , Hoe See Ziau , Chung Lip Yong 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWhile nano‐sized construct (NSC) use in medicine has grown significantly in recent years, reported unwanted side effects have raised safety concerns. However, the toxicity of NSCs to the cardiovascular system (CVS) and the relative merits of the associated evaluation methods have not been thoroughly studied. This review discusses the toxicological profiles of selected NSCs and provides an overview of the assessment methods, including in silico, in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models and how they are related to CVS toxicity. We conclude the review by outlining the merits of telemetry coupled with spectral analysis, baroreceptor reflex sensitivity analysis and echocardiography as an appropriate integrated strategy for the assessment of the acute and chronic impact of NSCs on the CVS. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flexible polygon‐mirror based laser scanning microscope platform for multiphoton in‐vivo imaging
Authors: Li Y. X. , Gautam V. , Brüstle A. , Cockburn I. A. , Daria V. R. , Gillespie C. , Gaus K. , Alt C. , Lee W. M. 
Published: February 2017

Commercial microscopy systems make use of tandem scanning i.e. either slow or fast scanning. We constructed, for the first time, an advanced control system capable of delivering a dynamic line scanning speed ranging from 2.7 kHz to 27 kHz and achieve variable frame rates from 5 Hz to 50 Hz (512 × 512). The dynamic scanning ability is digitally controlled by a new customized open‐source software named PScan1.0. This permits manipulation of scanning rates either to gain higher fluorescence signal at slow frame rate without increasing laser power or increase frame rates to capture high speed events. By adjusting imaging speed from 40 Hz to 160 Hz, we capture a range of calcium waves and transient peaks from soma and dendrite of single fluorescence neuron (CAL‐520AM). Motion artifacts arising from respiratory and cardiac motion in small animal imaging reduce quality of real‐time images of single cells in‐vivo. An image registration algorithm, integrated with PScan1.0, was shown to perform both real time and post‐processed motion correction. The improvement is verified by quantification of blood flow rates. This work describes all the steps necessary to develop a high performance and flexible polygon‐mirror based multiphoton microscope system for in‐vivo biological imaging.
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Efficient co‐production of S‐adenosylmethionine and glutathione by Candida utilis: effect of dissolved oxygen on enzyme activity and energy supply
Authors: Li Dechao , Wang Dahui , Wei Gongyuan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDAs both S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM) and glutathione (GSH) are biosynthesized with ATP consumption in yeast cells, their efficient co‐production not only depends on high activities of key enzymes, but also on sufficient energy supply. In this study, dissolved oxygen (DO) was optimized to improve enzyme activity and energy supply for high co‐production of SAM and GSH.RESULTSBatch culture of Candida utilis CCTCC M 209298 under different DO control modes was carried out in a 5 L stirred fermentor. Based on the analyses of kinetic parameters and metabolic fluxes of key nodes involved in the metabolism of SAM and GSH, a two‐stage DO control strategy with an initial agitation rate of 350 rpm followed by a constant DO level of 30% was designed for the overproduction of SAM and GSH. A maximum co‐production of SAM and GSH of 593.9 mg L−1 was achieved using the two‐stage DO control strategy, which was much higher than that obtained from other DO control modes.CONCLUSIONPhysiological mechanism analysis revealed that the improved co‐production of SAM and GSH was closely related to the increase in key enzyme activities and sufficient energy supply under the two‐stage DO control strategy. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Synergism between peroxymonosulfate and LaCoO3‐TiO2 photocatalysis for oxidation of herbicides. Operational variables and catalyst characterization assessment
Authors: Solís Rafael R , Rivas F Javier , Gimeno Olga , Pérez‐Bote Jose‐Luis 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis paper reports the use of novel coupled LaCoO3‐TiO2 as photocatalyst with double route of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. First, as a photocatalyst due to titania; and second, through PMS heterogeneous decomposition onto LaCoO3 particles. Thus, photocatalytical activity was tested for removing a mixture of four herbicides of different recalcitrance (metazachlor, tembotrione, tritosulfuron and ethofumesate).RESULTSThe presence of light and PMS highly enhanced herbicides removal rate: 3.5–5 times increases were obtained with UVA light. Oxidant concentration, catalyst load, pH and temperature were assessed. Herbicides were completely oxidized depending on their recalcitrant nature and the operational variables. 55% TOC conversion was reached using Oxone® 5 × 10−4 mol L−1. Phytotoxicity assays denoted no inhibition after 180 min of photocatalytic treatment (∼80% initial inhibition). Solid properties of Co/Ti = 0.1:1 ratio were studied by means of SEM (LaCoO3 aggregates linked to a variety of shapes and sizes of TiO2), XRF (6.1% of LaCoO3), XPS (superficial Co3+, La3+ and Ti4+), XRD (anatase, rutile and rhombohedral LaCoO3) and UV–vis diffuse reflectance (visible range absorption and bandgap of 2.88 eV for TiO2).CONCLUSIONCatalysts based on LaCoO3‐TiO2 combined with peroxymonosulfate seem to be suitable for removing organic pollutants, with a moderate conversion of TOC and elimination of toxicity. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
A correlative study of the allantois in pig and rabbit highlighting the diversity of extraembryonic tissues in four mammalian species, including mouse and man
Authors: Hassan Waad , Viebahn Christoph 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDespite its conserved role in placenta and umbilical cord formation, the mammalian allantois shows remarkable diversity in size and form as well as in the timing of its appearance and attachment to the chorion. In the mouse, the common allantoic diverticulum is lacking; instead, the allantoic core domain is defined as a progenitor center for allantoic development. In this study, the allantoises of the pig and the rabbit as two nonrodent mammals of increasing significance in biomedical research are compared (1) morphologically using high resolution light and electron microscopy and (2) molecularly using brachyury mRNA expression as a mesodermal marker. Multiple small allantoic diverticula in the rabbit contrast with a single large cavity filling the entire allantois of the pig, but neither pig nor rabbit allantois expresses brachyury. The mesothelium on the allantois surface shows regional variability of cell contacts and microvilli, while blood vessels appear randomly around the allantoic diverticula in a mesodermal layer of variable thickness. Primordial germ cell‐like cells are found in the allantois of the pig but not of the rabbit. To understand further the relevance of this developmental and morphological diversity, we compare the allantois development of pig and rabbit with early developmental landmarks of mouse and man. Our findings suggest that (1) tissue interaction between endoderm and mesoderm is important for allantoic development and vascular differentiation in species with a rudimentary allantoic diverticulum, (2) allantoic mesothelium plays a specific role in chorioallantoic attachment, allantoic differentiation and vascularization, and (3) there is a pronounced diversity in the extraembryonic migratory pathways of primordial germ cells among mammals. Finally, the phylogenetically basal characteristics of the pig allantois are suggestive of a functional similarity in mammals with a large allantois before placentation and in (aplacental) sauropsids with a chorioallantoic membrane well‐adjusted to material exchange function.
Simultaneous noncontrast angiography and intraplaque hemorrhage (SNAP) imaging: Comparison with contrast‐enhanced MR angiography for measuring carotid stenosis
Authors: Shu Hongge , Sun Jie , Hatsukami Thomas S. , Balu Niranjan , Hippe Daniel S. , Liu Haining , Kohler Ted R. , Zhu Wenzhen , Yuan Chun 
Published: February 2017

PurposeTo evaluate in a proof‐of‐concept study the feasibility of Simultaneous Noncontrast Angiography and intraPlaque hemorrhage (SNAP) imaging as a clinical magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) technique for measuring carotid stenosis. There is a growing interest in detecting intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) during the clinical management of carotid disease, yet luminal stenosis has remained indispensable during clinical decision‐making. SNAP imaging has been proposed as a novel IPH imaging technique that provides carotid MRA with no added scan time. Flowing blood shows negative signal on SNAP because of phase‐sensitive inversion recovery.Materials and MethodsIn all, 58 asymptomatic subjects with 16–79% stenosis on ultrasound were scanned at 3T by SNAP with 0.8 mm isotropic resolution and 16 cm longitudinal coverage. Two readers measured luminal stenosis of bilateral carotid arteries (n = 116) on minimum intensity projections of SNAP using the NASCET criteria. In the subset (48 arteries) with contrast‐enhanced (CE) MRA available for comparison, luminal stenosis was also measured on maximum intensity projections of CE‐MRA.ResultsIntraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) with 95% confidence intervals were 0.94 (0.90–0.96) and 0.93 (0.88–0.96) for intra‐ and interreader agreement on stenosis measurements, respectively. Corresponding kappas for grading stenosis (0–29%, 30–69%, 70–99%, and 100%) were 0.79 (0.67–0.89) and 0.80 (0.68–0.90). Agreement between SNAP and CE‐MRA was high (ICC: 0.95 [0.90–0.98]; kappa: 0.82 [0.71–0.93]).ConclusionAs a dedicated IPH‐imaging sequence, SNAP also provided carotid stenosis measurement that showed high intra‐ and interreader consistency and excellent agreement with CE‐MRA. Further comparisons with digital subtraction angiography and other noninvasive techniques are warranted.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:1045–1052.
Pedunculopontine network dysfunction in Parkinson's disease with postural control and sleep disorders
Authors: Gallea Cecile , Ewenczyk Claire , Degos Bertrand , Welter Marie‐Laure , Grabli David , Leu‐Semenescu Smaranda , Valabregue Romain , Berroir Pierre , Yahia‐Cherif Lydia , Bertasi Eric , Fernandez‐Vidal Sara , Bardinet Eric , Roze Emmanuel , Benali Habib , Poupon Cyril , François Chantal , Arnulf Isabelle , Lehéricy Stéphane , Vidailhet Marie 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe objective of this study was to investigate pedunculopontine nucleus network dysfunctions that mediate impaired postural control and sleep disorder in Parkinson's disease.MethodsWe examined (1) Parkinson's disease patients with impaired postural control and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (further abbreviated as sleep disorder), (2) Parkinson's disease patients with sleep disorder only, (3) Parkinson's disease patients with neither impaired postural control nor sleep disorder, and (4) healthy volunteers. We assessed postural control with clinical scores and biomechanical recordings during gait initiation. Participants had video polysomnography, daytime sleepiness self‐evaluation, and resting‐state functional MRIs.ResultsPatients with impaired postural control and sleep disorder had longer duration of anticipatory postural adjustments during gait initiation and decreased functional connectivity between the pedunculopontine nucleus and the supplementary motor area in the locomotor network that correlated negatively with the duration of anticipatory postural adjustments. Both groups of patients with sleep disorder had decreased functional connectivity between the pedunculopontine nucleus and the anterior cingulate cortex in the arousal network that correlated with daytime sleepiness. The degree of dysfunction in the arousal network was related to the degree of connectivity in the locomotor network in all patients with sleep disorder, but not in patients without sleep disorder or healthy volunteers.ConclusionsThese results shed light on the functional neuroanatomy of pedunculopontine nucleus networks supporting the clinical manifestation and the interdependence between sleep and postural control impairments in Parkinson's disease. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
MRI‐based transfer function determination for the assessment of implant safety
Authors: Tokaya J.P. , Raaijmakers A.J.E. , Luijten P.R. , Bakker J.F. , van den Berg C.A.T. 
Published: February 2017

PurposeWe introduce a new MR‐based method to determine the transfer function (TF) for radiofrequency (RF) safety assessment of active implantable medical devices. Transfer functions are implant‐specific measures that relate the incident tangential electric field on an (elongated) implant to a scattered electric field at its tip. The proposed method allows for TF determination with a high spatial resolution in relatively fast measurements without requiring dedicated bench setups from MRI images.Theory and MethodsThe principle of reciprocity is used in conjunction with the potential to measure currents with MRI to determine TF. Low‐flip angle 3D dual gradient echo MRI data are acquired with an implant as transceive antenna, which requires minimal hardware adaptations. The implant‐specific TF is determined from the acquired MRI data, with two different postprocessing methods for comparison.ResultsTFs of linear and helical implants can be determined accurately (with a Pearson correlation coefficient R ≥ 0.7 between measurements and simulations, and a difference in field at the tip ΔEtip ≤ 19%) from relatively quick (t < 20 minutes) MRI acquisitions with (several) millimeter spatial resolution.ConclusionTransfer function determination with MRI for RF safety assessment of implantable medical devices is possible. The proposed MR‐based method allows for TF determination in more realistic exposure scenarios and solid media. Magn Reson Med 78:2449–2459, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Effects of exercise‐induced apelin levels on skeletal muscle and their capillarization in type 2 diabetic rats
Authors: Son Jun Seok , Kim Hee‐Jae , Son Yeri , Lee Hojun , Chae Song Ah , Seong Je Kyung , Song Wook 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTIntroductionExercise‐induced apelin as a myokine is believed to play a role in the improvement of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and capillarization. In this study, we evaluated the association between exercise‐induced apelin and muscle capillarization.MethodsZucker rats underwent a treadmill exercise program. Body composition, muscle strength, muscle size, muscle capillarization, and insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment [HOMA‐IR]) were measured. Apelin levels of skeletal muscle and plasma were then analyzed.ResultsExercise improved body composition (P < 0.05), HOMA‐IR (P < 0.05), and grip strength (P < 0.001). In the soleus, the fiber size of T2DM was decreased (P < 0.001), but it increased in fiber size and capillarization after exercise (P < 0.001) occurred. We identified an increase in plasma apelin (P < 0.05) and a decrease in soleus apelin (P < 0.01), as well as an association between soleus apelin and angiogenesis (P < 0.01).DiscussionA role for exercise‐induced apelin in improving metabolism indicates the possibility of a new drug target for the treatment of metabolic diseases and repairing skeletal muscle damage. Muscle Nerve 56: 1155–1163, 2017