bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic impact of routine opt‐out antenatal human immune deficiency virus screening: A systematic review
Authors: Ibekwe Everistus , Haigh Carol , Duncan Fiona , Fatoye Francis 
Published: March 2017

Aims and objectivesTo evaluate the economic impact of routine testing of human immune deficiency virus in antenatal settings.BackgroundMany children are being infected with human immune deficiency virus through mother‐to‐child transmission of the virus. Most of these infections are preventable if the mothers’ human immune deficiency virus status is identified in a timely manner and appropriate interventions put in place. Routine human immune deficiency virus testing is widely acclaimed as a strategy for universal access to human immune deficiency virus testing and is being adopted by developed and developing poor income countries without recourse to the economic impact.DesignA systematic review of published articles.MethodsExtensive electronic searches for relevant journal articles published from 1998–2015 when countries began to implement routine antenatal HIV testing on their own were conducted in the following databases: Science Direct, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, JSTOR, CINAHL and PubMed with search terms as listed in Box 2. Manual searches were also performed to complement the electronic identification of high‐quality materials. There were no geographical restrictions, but language was limited to English.ResultsFifty‐five articles were retrieved; however, ten were eligible and included in the review. The findings showed that many programmes involving routine human immune deficiency virus testing for pregnant women compared to the alternatives were cost‐effective and cost saving. Data from the reviewed studies showed cost savings between $5,761.20–$3.69 million per case of previously undiagnosed maternal human immune deficiency virus‐positive infection prevented. Overall, cost‐effectiveness was strongly associated with the prevalence rate of human immune deficiency virus in the various settings.ConclusionsRoutine human immune deficiency virus testing is both cost‐effective and cost saving compared to the alternatives. However, there are wide variations in the methodological approaches to the studies. Adopting standard reporting format would facilitate comparison between studies and generalisability of economic evaluations.Relevance to clinical practice(i) Healthcare decision‐makers should understand that routine antenatal screening for human immune deficiency virus is both cost‐effective and cost saving. (ii) Addressing late identification of prenatal human immune deficiency virus is crucial to reducing mother‐to‐child transmission at minimal healthcare spending.
Using group model building to develop a culturally grounded model of breastfeeding for low‐income African American women in the USA
Authors: Reno Rebecca 
Published: March 2017

Aims and ObjectivesTo identify barriers and supporting factors for breastfeeding, and the dynamic interactions between them, as identified by low‐income African American women and lactation peer helpers.BackgroundStark breastfeeding disparities exist between African American mothers and their White counterparts in the USA. This pattern is often replicated across the globe, with marginalised populations demonstrating decreased breastfeeding rates. While breastfeeding research focused on sociocultural factors for different populations has been conducted, a more dynamic model of the factors impacting breastfeeding may help identify effective leverage points for change.DesignGroup model building was used as a grounded theoretical approach, to build and validate a model representing factors impacting breastfeeding and the relationships between them.MethodsLow‐income African American women (n = 21) and lactation peer helpers (n = 3) were engaged in model building sessions to identify factors impacting breastfeeding. A two‐cycle process was used for analysis, in vivo and axial coding. The final factors and model were validated with a subgroup of participants.ResultsThe participants generated 82 factors that make breastfeeding easier, and 86 factors that make breastfeeding more challenging. These were grouped into 10 and 14 themes, respectively. A final model was constructed identifying three domains impacting breastfeeding: a mother's return to work or school, her knowledge, support and persistence, and the social acceptance of breastfeeding.ConclusionsThis study documented the sociocultural context within which low‐income African American women are situated by identifying factors impacting breastfeeding, and the dynamic interactions between them. The model also provided various leverage points from which breastfeeding women can be supported.Relevance to Clinical PracticePostpartum nurses are critical in supporting breastfeeding practices. To be most effective, they must be aware of the factors impacting breastfeeding, some of which may be unique to women based on their culture.
Rethinking FQoL: The Dynamic Interplay Between Individual and Family Quality of Life
Authors: Boelsma Femke , Caubo‐Damen Irene , Schippers Alice , Dane Menco , Abma Tineke A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractFamily quality of life (FQoL) is an emerging concept to understand and improve the well‐being and quality of life (QoL) of families. While there has been a lot of effort to conceptualize life domains of families and measurement tools are devised, few studies concentrate on an in‐depth understanding of FQoL. The specific aim of the current study is to understand the relation between individual QoL and FQoL, by studying families with a child/children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (ID/DD) in the Netherlands. This can contribute to a stable foundation of the concept of FQoL. Methods: An explorative case study design was used, in which the parents, sibling, and child with ID voiced their thoughts on their FQoL. The presented case has been analysed through thematic and narrative analysis. A father and a mother with a child with an intellectual disability have joined the research team as co‐researchers. The relational dynamics found within the family illuminated an interactive pattern in which the son with ID acted as an Emperor, creating a Golden Cage for other family members and Umbilical Ties among them. The family portrait shows that FQoL is a dynamic and relational concept. By making strict distinctions between individual QoL and FQoL, the dynamics between family members and the way they work alone and/or together to ensure the well‐being of the family and its members can easily be overlooked. In addition to the common‐sense notion that FQoL and QoL support each other, conflicts and tensions can occur.
Media Scholarship and 18th‐Century Studies
Authors: Ellison Katherine 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAcknowledging the foundational work of Elizabeth L. Eisenstein in 18th‐century media studies, this article summarizes media scholarship in 18th‐century studies before and after 1979, with emphasis in the 1990s through the present. Since the decade before the new millennium and inspired, in part, by the late 20th‐century concept of the “information age,” scholars of 18th‐century history have redefined both the terms and the frameworks of media studies to articulate the cultural, social, economic, political, and artistic implications of information theory, print culture, mediation, mediality, and media archaeology. The essay considers the historical centrality of print in media studies and locates the more recent scholarly shift toward multimodal representations of mediation and data analytics. The essay argues for the potential of media scholarship in historical study to bridge student interests in social networking with the mediations of the past and to encourage open access scholarship in digital forms.
Sham acupuncture is as efficacious as true acupuncture for the treatment of IBS: A randomized placebo controlled trial
Authors: Lowe C. , Aiken A. , Day A. G. , Depew W. , Vanner S. J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients increasingly seek out acupuncture therapy to alleviate symptoms, but it is unclear whether the benefit is due to a treatment‐specific effect or a placebo response. This study examined whether true acupuncture is superior to sham acupuncture in relieving IBS symptoms and whether benefits were linked to purported acupuncture mechanisms.MethodsA double blind sham controlled acupuncture study was conducted with Rome I IBS patients receiving twice weekly true acupuncture for 4 weeks (n=43) or sham acupuncture (n=36). Patients returned at 12 weeks for a follow‐up review. The primary endpoint of success as determined by whether patients met or exceeded their established goal for percentage symptom improvement. Questionnaires were completed for symptom severity scores, SF‐36 and IBS‐36 QOL tools, McGill pain score, and Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index. A subset of patients underwent barostat measurements of rectal sensation at baseline and 4 weeks.Key ResultsA total of 53% in the true acupuncture group met their criteria for a successful treatment intervention, but this did not differ significantly from the sham group (42%). IBS symptom scores similarly improved in both groups. Scores also improved in the IBS‐36, SF‐36, and the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index, but did not differ between groups. Rectal sensory thresholds were increased in both groups following treatment and pain scores decreased; however, these changes were similar between groups.Conclusions & InferencesThe lack of differences in symptom outcomes between sham and true treatment acupuncture suggests that acupuncture does not have a specific treatment effect in IBS.
Cultural Capital: A Concept Analysis
Authors: Ohashi Yuki , Taguchi Atsuko , Omori Junko , Ozaki Akiko 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectiveHarnessing community assets may help public health nurses address health inequalities. Cultural factor is one such asset, which is assumed to be capital in a community. Cultural capital is a key concept for understanding the causes of public health issues. This paper provided an in‐depth analysis of “cultural capital” as a concept.Design and SampleRodgers' evolutionary methodology was used for concept analysis. Forty‐two studies published in English between 1998 and 2015 were retrieved from MEDLINE by searching for “cultural capital” in the title field.ResultsAntecedents of cultural capital included “educational environment,” “belongingness in one's social group,” “existing health/social inequalities,” and “daily behavior.” Cultural capital's identified attributes were “social cultivation,” “reproductive rubric,” “practical knowledge,” and “autogenic ability.” Cultural capital's consequences were “improving productivity,” “reducing health/social inequality,” and “enhancing well‐being.”ConclusionsCultural capital is defined as capital characterized by cultivation, rubric, knowledge, and ability. These aspects of cultural capital are typically autogenic, and accumulate and reproduce through lifelong community membership. Cultural capital reduces inequality and ultimately enhances the well‐being of individuals and the community through bonding, bridging, and linking economic and social capital.
In vitro susceptibility testing of Malassezia pachydermatis to gentamicin
Authors: Silva Freddy A. , Ferrer Otilia , Déniz Soraya , Rosario Inmaculada , Conde‐Felipe Magnolia , Díaz Esther L. , Acosta‐Hernández Begoña 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundTwo studies have observed that growth media containing gentamicin can inhibit the growth of the yeast organism Malassezia pachydermatis. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of this bactericidal antibiotic for this organism has not been previously determined.ObjectiveTo evaluate the susceptibility of M. pachydermatis isolates to gentamicin.MethodsThe MIC of gentamicin was determined using a modified version of the M27‐A3 microdilution method following the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. A modified Christensen's urea broth was used to enhance the growth of the M. pachydermatis isolates. Visual and spectrophotometric end‐point readings were performed to detect the presence or absence of yeast growth.ResultsThe MIC50 and MIC90 of gentamicin were 8.12 μg/mL and 32.5 μg/mL, respectively; M. pachydermatis strains were classified as susceptible (S), intermediate (I) and resistant (R). The susceptibility of these isolates to gentamicin in vitro, by visual and spectrophotometric end‐point reading, was: S, 54–56%; I, 40–41%; and R, 3–6%.ConclusionProspective MICs for M. pachydermatis have been established for gentamicin.
Use of oral fluralaner for the treatment of Psoroptes cuniculi in 15 naturally infested rabbits
Authors: Sheinberg Galia , Romero Camilo , Heredia Rafael , Capulin Miguel , Yarto Enrique , Carpio Juan 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundPsoroptes cuniculi, a nonburrowing ear mite, is a common ectoparasite of rabbits. Constant irritation of the auditory canal by the presence of this mite can lead to otitis externa or otoacariasis.ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of fluralaner on rabbits naturally infested with P. cuniculi and exhibiting clinical signs.AnimalsFifteen female New Zealand domestic rabbits with otitis due to naturally occurring infestation with P. cuniculi.MethodsThe external ears and ear canals of each individual were examined; samples of otic exudate were extracted with cotton swabs and examined microscopically for identification of the ectoparasite. Each animal was treated with a single 25 mg/kg oral dose of fluralaner. The amount of otic exudate/cerumen was assessed and samples were obtained from the ears to evaluate for presence or absence of mites at 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 40 and 90 days after receiving treatment.ResultsPost‐treatment, the amount of otic exudate decreased rapidly in all animals; by Day 12 and until the end of the study all rabbits were judged to have low amount of exudate with normally visible canals. The percentage of ears positive for P. cuniculi decreased to 13.3% of ears sampled by Day 4, and by Day 12 all rabbits were negative for the parasite.ConclusionAdministration of a single oral dose of fluralaner was effective for the treatment of naturally occurring P. cuniculi infestation in rabbits during a 90 day period.
Reliability and Component Importance in Networks Subject to Spatially
Distributed Hazards Followed by Cascading Failures
Authors: Scherb Anke , Garrè Luca , Straub Daniel 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We investigate reliability and component importance in spatially distributed infrastructure networks subject to hazards characterized by large-scale spatial dependencies. In particular, we consider a selected IEEE benchmark power transmission system. A generic hazard model is formulated through a random field with continuously scalable spatial autocorrelation to study extrinsic common-cause-failure events such as storms or earthquakes. Network performance is described by a topological model, which accounts for cascading failures due to load redistribution after initial triggering events. Network reliability is then quantified in terms of the decrease in network efficiency and number of lost lines. Selected importance measures are calculated to rank single components according to their influence on the overall system reliability. This enables the identification of network components that have the strongest effect on system reliability. We thereby propose to distinguish component importance related to initial (triggering) failures and component importance related to cascading failures. Numerical investigations are performed for varying correlation lengths of the random field to represent different hazard characteristics. Results indicate that the spatial correlation has a discernible influence on the system reliability and component importance measures, while the component rankings are only mildly affected by the spatial correlation. We also find that the proposed component importance measures provide an efficient basis for planning network improvements.
Wingate Test as a Strong Predictor of 1500-m Performance in Elite Speed Skaters
Authors: Hofman Nico , Orie Jac , Hoozemans Marco J.M. , Foster Carl , de Koning Jos J. 
Published: March 2017

Wingate test scores are strongly associated with anaerobic capacity in athletes involved in speed-endurance sports. In speed skating Wingate results are known to predict performance cross-sectionally but have not been investigated relative to their ability to predict performance longitudinally. Purpose: To investigate whether Wingate tests performed during summer training are predictive of 1500-m speed-skating performance the subsequent winter in elite speed skaters. Methods: Wingate test results from the summer training periods and 1500-m performances during the subsequent winter were analyzed over a 3-y period in 5 female and 8 male elite (Olympic, World Championship, and World Cup medalists) speed skaters. Regression analyses using generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to estimate the relationship between Wingate test variables and 1500-m speed-skating performance. Wingate peak power (PP) and mean power (MP) were used to predict 1500-m time and 400-m lap times. Results: Improvements of 1 W/kg on PP and MP in women predict improvements of −0.75 s and −2.05 s, respectively, on 1500-m time (World Record 110.85 s). In men, improvements in PP and MP were associated with performance improvements of −0.92 s and −2.32 s on 1500-m time per 1 W/kg (World Record 101.04 s). Conclusion: Wingate test results achieved during the summer training period are a good predictor of improvements in 1500-m speed-skating performance during the subsequent winter. For the smallest worthwhile improvement in 1500-m performance, a gain in PP and MP of 2.1% and 1.4% (0.38 and 0.14 W/kg) for females and 1.2% and 0.9% (0.29 and 0.12 W/kg) for males is needed.
Monitoring Elite Soccer Players’ External Loads Using Real-Time Data
Authors: Barrett Steve 
Published: March 2017

Purpose: To assess the validity of measuring locomotor activities and PlayerLoad using real-time (RT) data collection during soccer training. Methods: Twenty-nine English soccer players participated. Each player wore the same MEMS device (Micromechanical Electrical Systems; S5, Optimeye; CatapultSports, Melbourne, Australia) during 21 training sessions (N = 331 data sets) in the 2015–16 and 2016–17 seasons. An RT receiver (TRX; Catapultsports, Melbourne, Australia) was used to collect the locomotor activities and PlayerLoad data in RT and compared with the postevent downloaded (PED) data. PlayerLoad and locomotor activities (total distance covered; total high-speed running distance covered, >5.5#x00A0;m/s; total sprinting distance covered, >7 m/s; maximum velocity) were analyzed. Results: Correlations were near perfect for all variables analyzed (r = .98–1.00), with a varied level of noise between RT and PED also (0.3–9.7% coefficient of variation). Conclusions: Locomotor activities and PlayerLoad can use both RT and PED concurrently to quantify a player’s physical output during a training session. Caution should be taken with higher-velocity-based locomotor activities during RT compared to PED.
Development of 1500-m Pacing Behavior in Junior Speed Skaters: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Wiersma Rikstje , Stoter Inge K. , Visscher Chris , Hettinga Florentina J. , Elferink-Gemser Marije T. 
Published: March 2017

Purpose:To provide insight on the development of pacing behavior in junior speed skaters and analyze possible differences between elite, subelite, and nonelite juniors.
Methods:Season-best times (SBTs) in the 1500-m and corresponding pacing behavior were obtained longitudinally for 104 Dutch male speed skaters at age 13–14 (U15), 15–16 (U17), and 17–18 (U19) y. Based on their U19 SBT, skaters were divided into elite (n = 17), subelite (n = 64), and nonelite (n = 23) groups. Pacing behavior was analyzed using the 0- to 300-m, 300- to 700-m, 700- to 1100-m, and 1100- to 1500-m times, expressed as a percentage of final time. Mixed analyses of variance were used for statistical analyses.
Results:With age, pacing behavior generally developed toward a slower 0- to 300-m and 1100- to 1500-m and a faster midsection relative to final time. While being faster on all sections, the elite were relatively slower on 0- to 300-m (22.1% ± 0.27%) than the subelite and nonelite (21.5% ± 0.44%) (P < .01) but relatively faster on 300- to 700-m (24.6% ± 0.30%) than the nonelite (24.9% ± 0.58%) (P = .002). On 700- to 1100-m, the elite and subelite (26.2% ± 0.25%) were relatively faster than the nonelite (26.5% ± 0.41%) (P = .008). Differences in the development of pacing behavior were found from U17 to U19, with relative 700- to 1100-m times decreasing for the elite and subelite (26.2% ± 0.31% to 26.1% ± 0.27%) but increasing for the nonelite (26.3% ± 0.29% to 26.5% ± 0.41%) (P = .014).
Conclusions:Maintaining high speed into 700 to 1100 m, accompanied by a relatively slower start, appears crucial for high performance in 1500-m speed skating. Generally, juniors develop toward this profile, with a more pronounced development toward a relatively faster 700- to 1100-m from U17 to U19 for elite junior speed skaters. The results of the current study indicate the relevance of pacing behavior for talent development.
Analysis of Scoring of Maneuvers Performed in Elite Men’s Professional Surfing Competitions
Authors: Forsyth James R. , de la Harpe Ryan , Riddiford-Harland Diane L. , Whitting John W. , Steele Julie R. 
Published: March 2017

Purpose:To investigate the influence of turns, tube rides, and aerial maneuvers on the scores awarded in elite men’s professional surfing competitions. The successful completion rate and scores associated with different aerial variations were also investigated.
Methods:Video recordings from all 11 events of the 2015 World Surf League men’s world championship tour were viewed to classify maneuvers performed by the competitors on each wave as turns, tube rides, and aerials. A 2-way ANOVA was used to determine any main effect or interaction of maneuver type or event location on the wave scores. A 1-way ANOVA was used to determine any main effect of aerial type on successful completion rate.
Results:Aerial maneuvers were scored significantly higher than tube rides and turns. A significant main effect existed for maneuver and completion rate. Aerial maneuvers had the lowest completion rate, 45.4%. During the finals series (quarterfinals, semifinals, and finals heats) aerial-maneuver completion rate was higher, 55.4%. The frontside air reverse was the most commonly performed maneuver and received an average score of 6.77 out of 10.
Conclusion:Professional surfers can optimize their potential single-wave scores during competition by successfully completing aerial maneuvers. However, aerial maneuvers continue to be a high-risk maneuver with a significantly lower completion rate. Our findings suggest that surfers should aim to improve their aerial-maneuver completion rate via surf practice or land-based training drills.