bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The microbiome and metabolome of pre-term infant stool is personalized, and not driven by health outcomes including necrotizing enterocolitis and late-onset sepsis
Authors: Wandro Stephen , Osborne Stephanie , Enriquez Claudia , Bixby Christine , Arrieta Antonio , Whiteson Katrine 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe assembly and development of the gut microbiome in infants has important consequences for immediate and long-term health. Preterm infants represent an abnormal case for bacterial colonization because of early exposure to bacteria and frequent use of antibiotics. To better understand the assembly of the gut microbiota in preterm infants, fecal samples were collected from 32 very low birthweight preterm infants over the first six weeks of life. Infant health outcomes included healthy, late-onset sepsis, and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). We characterized the bacterial composition by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolome by untargeted gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Preterm infant fecal samples lacked beneficialBifidobacteriumand were dominated byEnterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus, andStaphylococcusdue to the near uniform antibiotic administration. Most of the variance between the microbial community compositions could be attributed to which baby the sample came from (Permanova R2=0.48, p<0.001), while clinical status (healthy, NEC, or late-onset sepsis), and overlapping time in the NICU did not explain a significant amount of variation in bacterial composition. Fecal metabolomes were also found to be unique to the individual (Permanova R2=0.43, p<0.001) and weakly associated with bacterial composition (Mantel statistic r = 0.23 ± 0.05 (p = 0.03 ± 0.03). No measured metabolites were found to be associated with necrotizing enterocolitis, late-onset sepsis or a healthy outcome. Overall, preterm infants gut microbial communities were personalized and reflected antibiotic usage.ImportancePreterm infants face health problems likely related to microbial exposures including sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis. However, the role of the gut microbiome in preterm infant health is poorly understood. Microbial colonization differs from healthy term babies because it occurs in the NICU and is often perturbed by antibiotics. We measured bacterial compositions and metabolomic profiles of 77 fecal samples from thirty-two preterm infants to investigate the differences between microbiomes in health and disease. Rather than finding microbial signatures of disease, we found the preterm infant microbiome and metabolome were both personalized, and that the preterm infant gut microbiome is enriched in microbes that commonly dominate in the presence of antibiotics. These results contribute to the growing knowledge of the preterm infant microbiome and emphasize that a personalized view will be important to disentangling the health consequences of the preterm infant microbiome.
The Y-chromosome clarifies the evolutionary history ofSus scrofaby large-scale deep genome sequencing
Authors: Ai Huashui , Ren Jun , Ma Junwu , Zhang Zhiyan , Li Wanbo , Yang Bin , Huang Lusheng 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe genetics and evolution of sex chromosomes are largely distinct from autosomes and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The Y chromosome offers unique genetic perspective on male-line inheritance. Here, we uncover novel evolutionary history ofSus scrofabased on 205 high-quality genomes from worldwide-distributed different wild boars and domestic pig breeds. We find that only two haplotypes exist in the distal and proximal blocks of at least 7.7 Mb on chromosome Y in pigs across European and Asian continents. And the times of most recent common ancestors (TMRCA) within both haplotypes, approximately 0.14 and 0.10 million years, are far smaller than their divergence time of around 1.07 million years. What’s more, the relationship between Sumatran and Eurasian continentSus scrofais much closer than that we knew before. And surprisingly, European pigs share the same haplotype with many Chinese pigs, which is not consistent with their deep splitting status on autosome and mtDNA. Further analyses show that the haplotype in Chinese pigs was likely introduced from European wild boars via ancient gene flow before pig domestication about 24k years ago. Low mutation rates and no recombination in the distal and proximal blocks on chromosome Y help us detect this male-driven ancient gene flow. Taken together, our results update the knowledge of pig demography and evolution, and might shed insight into the genetics and evolution studies on chromosome Y in other mammals.
An Arf6- and caveolae-dependent pathway links hemidesmosome remodeling and mechanoresponse
Authors: Osmani Naël , Pontabry Julien , Comelles Jordi , Fekonja Nina , Goetz Jacky G. , Riveline Daniel , Georges-Labouesse Elisabeth , Labouesse Michel 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHemidesmosomes (HDs) are epithelial-specific cell-matrix adhesions, which stably anchor the intracellular keratin network to the extracellular matrix. Although their main role is to protect the epithelial sheet from external mechanical strain, how HDs respond to mechanical stress remains poorly understood. Here we identify a pathway essential for HD remodeling, and outline its role with respect to α6β4 integrin recycling. We find that α6β4 integrin chains localize to the plasma membrane/caveolae and Arf6+ endocytic compartments. Based on FRAP and endocytosis assays, integrin recycling between both sites requires the small GTPase Arf6 and its co-regulators GIT1/βPIX, but neither Caveolin1 (Cav1) nor Cavin1. Strikingly, when keratinocytes are stretched or hypo-osmotically shocked, α6β4 integrin accumulates at cell edges, whereas Cav1 disappears from it. This process, which is isotropic relative to the orientation of stretch, depends on Arf6, Cav1 and Cavin1. We propose that mechanically-induced HD growth involves the isotropic flattening of caveolae (known for their mechanical buffering role) associated with integrin diffusion and turnover.
Large, long range tensile forces drive convergence duringXenopusblastopore closure and body axis elongation
Authors: Shook David R. , Kasprowicz Eric M. , Davidson Lance A. , Keller Ray 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIndirect evidence suggests that blastopore closure during gastrulation of anamniotes, including amphibians such asXenopus laevis,depends on circumblastoporal convergence forces generated by the marginal zone (MZ), but direct evidence is lacking. We show that explanted MZs generate tensile convergence forces up to 1.5 μN during gastrulation and over 4 μN thereafter. These forces are generated by convergent thickening (CT) until the midgastrula and increasingly by convergent extension (CE) thereafter. Explants from ventralized embryos, which lack tissues expressing CE but close their blastopores, produce up to 2 μN of tensile force, showing that CT alone generates forces sufficient to close the blastopore. Uniaxial tensile stress relaxation assays show stiffening of mesodermal and ectodermal tissues around the onset of neurulation, potentially enhancing long-range transmission of convergence forces. These results illuminate the mechanobiology of early vertebrate morphogenic mechanisms, aid interpretation of phenotypes, and give insight into the evolution of blastopore closure mechanisms.
Consumer racism: a scale modification
Authors: Abdul-Latif Samshul-Amry , Abdul-Talib Asmat-Nizam 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
Consumer racism describes the act of purchase discrimination based on ethnic and/or cultural differences. As the original consumer racism scale was developed based on a western context and environment, most of its items may be unsuitable for use in certain non-western countries. The purpose of this paper is to modify the existing consumer racism scale to include the elements of inter-ethnic relationships, historical occurrences and political situations, which are crucial in shaping and influencing racism in a multi-religion and multi-racial context.

Design/methodology/approach
After generating new items and retaining or removing others for a modified consumer racism scale, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is performed based on 145 respondents followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) based on 176 respondents. The modified scale, including two other related constructs (consumer ethnocentrism and consumer animosity), is then tested through structural equation modeling (SEM) using WarpPLS 5.0 and data from 495 respondents.

Findings
EFA and CFA results suggest that the modified eight-item consumer racism scale is applicable in a multi-ethnic scenario. However, SEM findings contradict previous studies; thus, discussion of the possible effects of consumer racism is based on two different approaches.

Research limitations/implications
Future research could be expanded into other ethnic groups and countries, and/or to different products, categories and brands.

Originality/value
The main contributions of this study are the validation of the modified measurement scale and demonstration of its applicability in a multi-ethnic scenario. The study is based on data from a multi-ethnic, multi-religion and multi-cultural country: Malaysia.
Price reduction strategy
Authors: Kareem Abdul Waheed 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to address consumers’ post-purchase perceptions toward the brand when it adopts price reduction strategy. The study specifically conceptualizes the effect of consumers’ price unfairness perceptions of past purchase (PUPoPP) on customer-based brand equity (CBBE) with a moderating effects of elapsed time since purchase (ETSP) and magnitude of price reduction (MPR) in situations where consumers were aware of the reduction in price of the product that they had purchased earlier.

Design/methodology/approach
A survey was conducted among consumers who were aware of the reduction in the price of the computer laptop which they had purchased earlier. A sample size of 214 respondents was utilized for the study. The hypotheses were tested by using partial least squares-structural equations modeling.

Findings
The results of the study show that there is a significant negative impact of PUPoPP on CBBE and the ETSP was found to enhance CBBE and also weaken the negative effect of PUPoPP on CBBE. Furthermore, the MPR was found to strengthen the negative effect of PUPoPP on CBBE.

Originality/value
The findings of this study are unique and contribute to both pricing and branding areas of research. While extant research in these areas has focused on price fairness perceptions in situations where the price of future purchase increases, particularly for frequently purchased non-durable goods, this study explored PUPoPP in situations where the firm reduces the price of a durable good such as a computer laptop.
A review of Spanish consumers’ product-country image of China
Authors: Gorostidi-Martinez Haritz , Xu Weimin , Zhao Xiaokang 
Published: April 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to facilitate and clarify the perceptions of Spanish consumers towards China, its people, and its products, while outlining the overall contemporary Chinese product-country image (PCI) within the Spanish market.Design/methodology/approachA 52-item construct was adapted from former PCI scales from cross-cultural equivalence, including “country image”, “personal image”, “product image”, “general knowledge about China”, and “personal data”. Overall, 215 valid structured questionnaires were gathered.FindingsThe current study provides: a PCI literature review; hypotheses results concerning Spanish citizens’ views of Chinese products’ price, quality, technicality, inventiveness, and known brands concepts; descriptive statistics and results graphs for each of the PCI sections; and correlations of other variables with the five product image variables within the construct.Research limitations/implicationsImplementing standardized, longitudinal consumer studies that facilitate better comprehension of PCI evolution within a specific market emerged as a future research agenda.Originality/valueThe data informed both the Chinese public and private organizations’ managers of the importance of adapting to the market and non-market environments within Spain to avoid the liability of country of origin effect.
Continuities of influence
Authors: Manuel Jacqueline , Carter Don 
Published: April 2017

PurposeThis paper provides a critical interpretative analysis of the first secondary English syllabus for schools in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, contained within theCourses for Study for High Schools(New South Wales Department of Public Instruction, 1911). The purpose of the paper is to examine the “continuities that link English curriculum discourses and practices with previous discourses and practices” in the rhetorical curriculum. The analysis identifies those aspects of the 1911 English syllabus that have since become normative and challenges the appropriateness of certain enduring orthodoxies in a twenty-first century context.Design/methodology/approachFocussing on a landmark historical curriculum document from 1911, this paper draws on methods of historical comparative and documentary analysis. It sits within the tradition of historical curriculum research that critiques curriculum documents as a primary source for understanding continuities of discourses and practices. A social constructionist approach informs the analysis.FindingsThe conceptualisation of subject English evident in the structure, content and emphases of the 1911 English syllabus encodes a range of “discourses and practices” that have in some form endured or been “reconstituted and remade” (Cormack, 2008, p. 275) over the course of a century. The analysis draws attention to those aspects of the subject that have remained unproblematised and taken-for-granted, and the implications of this for universal student participation and attainment.Originality/valueThis paper reorients critical attention to a significant historical curriculum document that has not, to date, been explored against the backdrop twenty-first century senior secondary English curriculum. In doing so, it presents extended insights into a range of now normative structures, beliefs, ideas, assumptions and practices and questions the potential impact of these on student learning, access and achievement in senior secondary English in NSW in the twenty-first century.
“Do it this way, not that way”: An exploration of Chinese workplace conflicts
Authors: Guo Yijia , Cionea Ioana A. 
Published: April 2017

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the occurrence and management of conflict in Chinese organizations, from an emic perspective. The authors provide an in-depth understanding of Chinese working adults’ lived experiences regarding workplace conflicts.Design/methodology/approachThe study is a qualitative one, consisting of open-ended questionnaires administered to 55 Chinese nationals who worked in governmental, public or international organizations in China. A thematic analysis of the answers was conducted.FindingsChinese participants adopted a normative mental model that defined their preferred “way of doing” things. A skillful balance was expected in conflict management that incorporated integrated open communication and strategic silence. Chinese working adults emphasized maturity in the workplace and the recognition of shared goals.Research limitations/implicationsThe online questionnaire format may have constrained participants’ responses. Also, the data were collected from various organizational contexts, but there were not enough participants from each type of organization so that comparisons between institutions could be made.Practical implicationsThe results could help expatriate populations better prepare their lives abroad in China. Also, the findings could aid organizational or management consultants who work closely with Chinese partners.Social implicationsThe findings enhance our understanding of how Chinese working adults deal with workplace conflicts and the circumstances in which conflicts arise in the workplace, which also reflected the social and cultural contexts of the Chinese workplace experience.Originality/valueThis study provides an alternative interpretation of workplace conflicts and their management in China that is anchored in the unique organizational and national cultural context. They constitute the base for future development of culture-based explanations of Chinese organizational conflict behaviors.
International policies for sustainable development from cultural empowerment
Authors: Froner Yacy-Ara 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the international agenda regarding the discussion on the sustainable development. It asserts the idea that economic growth is a process that embraces the cultural values, human capability, and transnational policies aimed to guide and support the efforts of nations to achieve social security. The paper places the issues of contemporary heritage science theory on the recent debate concerning the cultural heritage preservation based on scientific, legal, social, and management issues.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper selected mainly reports, declarations, resolutions, and recommendations concerning this theme. The framework comprehends almost 30 years: from the first project titled “World Decade of Cultural Development” (1988) to the last conference in Tanzania (2016). Some questions defined the methodological approach of this investigation: how can we generate sustainability in terms of the use, maintenance, and conservation of cultural heritage? How can we adjust the local, national, and international guidelines to a common logic without letting go of the community autonomy?

Findings
The paper provides a historical context about the enlargement of the debate concerning the international policies for sustainable development from cultural empowerment. It suggests that UNESCO, WHC, and ICCROM have been promoting positive projects in vulnerable regions.

Research limitations/implications
Eurocentric models of development and occidental concept of culture exposure in the selected documents should be reviewed mainly in decolonization areas.

Practical implications
The article offers a distinct perspective for the system of international evaluation of cultural heritage, and a different focus of reflection for the academic community.

Originality/value
The study promotes a reflection regarding the international agenda for sustainable development over the last 30 years.
A comprehensive analysis of knowledge management in Indian manufacturing companies
Authors: Uma Mageswari S.D. , Sivasubramanian R. Chitra , Dath T.N. Srikantha 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to ascertain the current status of knowledge management (KM) adoption in the Indian manufacturing organizations and to develop a comprehensive research model to investigate the impact of enabling conditions for KM and the impact of KM on organizational performance through structural equation modelling.

Design/methodology/approach
A descriptive research design is adopted and primary data are collected through structured questionnaire. In total, 251 responses were obtained from the top- and middle-level managers and the structural relationships in the research model were tested using the partial least squares method.

Findings
The results revealed a moderate adoption of KM by the manufacturing companies. Also, a significant impact of the enablers on KM processes is observed. It is found that Indian manufacturing is operating in labour-intensive traditional methods and KM is still in its infancy. The impact of KM on the performance is moderate and contradicting the extant literature, the impact of KM on innovation is found to be weak.

Research limitations/implications
The study is carried out in companies located in India and hence generalizing the findings should be done with caution. The sample is dominated by small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) which may have implications for the findings.

Practical implications
As manufacturing companies in the developing countries such as India experience a greater competition in the globalized economy, adoption of KM will perk up the performance of the organizations. Practicing managers need to create a culture that facilitates KM adoption. Policy makers shall support SMEs in technology adoption, R&D, skill development and so on.

Originality/value
Previous KM studies in India are fragmented and analysed KM processes and KM enablers in isolation. Also, the holistic studies on KM literature focussed only on one or two facets of KM. A study which investigates the interactions between KM enablers, KM processes and organizational performance and innovation is scarce. The scarcity of empirical studies on KM and a dearth of understanding of the KM concept led to this maiden attempt to provide a comprehensive understanding of KM framework in the Indian manufacturing sector. A validated structured questionnaire for exploring KM practices in the Indian context is developed. Though the importance of the influence of external factors is theoretically emphasized, an empirical investigation is first of its kind.
Validity and Reliability of Administrative Coded Data for the Identification of Hospital‐Acquired Infections: An Updated Systematic Review with Meta‐Analysis and Meta‐Regression Analysis
Authors: Redondo‐González Olga , Tenías José María , Arias Ángel , Lucendo Alfredo J. 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveTo conduct an updated assessment of the validity and reliability of administrative coded data (ACD) in identifying hospital‐acquired infections (HAIs).MethodsWe systematically searched three libraries for studies on ACD detecting HAIs compared to manual chart review. Meta‐analyses were conducted for prosthetic and nonprosthetic surgical site infections (SSIs), Clostridium difficile infections (CDIs), ventilator‐associated pneumonias/events (VAPs/VAEs) and non‐VAPs/VAEs, catheter‐associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), and central venous catheter‐related bloodstream infections (CLABSIs). A random‐effects meta‐regression model was constructed.ResultsOf 1,906 references found, we retrieved 38 documents, of which 33 provided meta‐analyzable data (N = 567,826 patients). ACD identified HAI incidence with high specificity (≥93 percent), prosthetic SSIs with high sensitivity (95 percent), and both CDIs and nonprosthetic SSIs with moderate sensitivity (65 percent). ACD exhibited substantial agreement with traditional surveillance methods for CDI (κ = 0.70) and provided strong diagnostic odds ratios (DORs) for the identification of CDIs (DOR = 772.07) and SSIs (DOR = 78.20). ACD performance in identifying nosocomial pneumonia depended on the ICD coding system (DORICD‐10/ICD‐9‐CM = 0.05; p = .036). Algorithmic coding improved ACD's sensitivity for SSIs up to 22 percent. Overall, high heterogeneity was observed, without significant publication bias.ConclusionsAdministrative coded data may not be sufficiently accurate or reliable for the majority of HAIs. Still, subgrouping and algorithmic coding as tools for improving ACD validity deserve further investigation, specifically for prosthetic SSIs. Analyzing a potential lower discriminative ability of ICD‐10 coding system is also a pending issue.
Gender Equality in Mortgage Lending
Authors: Fang Lu , Munneke Henry J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractUsing a sample of 30‐year fixed‐rate subprime mortgage loans, this article empirically examines whether gender inequality exists in the mortgage market, specifically whether a borrower's gender affects the loan contract rate charged, beyond the impact of the borrower's probability of default and prepayment. The results, based on a competing‐risks loan hazard model, reveal that borrowers of different genders have different loan termination patterns. After controlling for the probability of a borrower defaulting or prepaying, female borrowers pay higher contract rates in the subprime mortgage market over the study period.