bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clot waveform analysis using CS‐2000i™ distinguishes between very low and absent levels of factor VIII activity in patients with severe haemophilia A
Authors: Matsumoto T. , Nogami K. , Tabuchi Y. , Yada K. , Ogiwara K. , Kurono H. , Arai N. , Shima M. 
Published: July 2017

IntroductionA recently developed method to assess comprehensive coagulation function, clot waveform analysis (CWA), accurately detect low levels (<1 IU/dL) of factor VIII activity (FVIII:C) in haemophilia A patients (HA‐pts). Improvements are needed, however, to differentiate patients with very low from absent levels of FVIII:C.AimWe attempted to optimize CWA using the coagulation analyser CS‐2000i™ to distinguish between very low levels and absent FVIII:C in severe HA‐pts.Methods and ResultsActivated partial thrombin time (aPTT)‐based clot waveforms were determined in FVIII‐deficient plasmas mixed with various amounts of recombinant FVIII. Clot times (CT) were shortened, and maximum coagulation velocity (|min1|) and acceleration (|min2|) were increased in FVIII dose‐dependently at levels ranging from 0.25 to 100 IU/dL. The lowest level of FVIII:C detected was 0.25 IU/dL. Plasma samples from modestly severe (MS‐HA; 0.5‐<1.0 IU/dL), very severe (VS‐HA; 0.25‐<0.5 IU/dL), extremely severe (ES‐HA; <0.25 IU/dL) and inhibitor‐positive HA‐pts (HA‐inh) were examined. The CT was markedly prolonged in all instances but showed significant differences between the different groups insufficiently. The |min1| and |min2| in HA‐inh were lower compared to the other groups (P<.05). A new parameter (slope‐|min1|) reflecting average coagulation acceleration was derived. This index (median) was lower in HA‐inh (0.0042) compared to ES‐HA (0.0068) and VS‐HA (0.011) with greater significant differences (P<.01), and an index of <.005 reflected the total absence of FVIII in the presence of inhibitor.ConclusionThe slope‐|min1| parameter could provide a useful index for evaluating very low and absent levels of FVIII and/or the development of FVIII inhibitor in HA‐pts.
Evidence of bone marrow downregulation in brain‐dead rats
Authors: Menegat Laura , Simas Rafael , Caliman Julia M. , Zanoni Fernando L. , Jacysyn Jacqueline F. , da Silva Luiz Fernando F. , Borelli Primavera , Moreira Luiz Felipe P. , Sannomiya Paulina 
Published: July 2017

SummaryExperimental findings support the evidence of a persistent leucopenia triggered by brain death (BD). This study aimed to investigate leucocyte behaviour in bone marrow and blood after BD in rats. BD was induced using intracranial balloon catheter inflation. Sham‐operated (SH) rats were trepanned only. Thereafter bone marrow cells were harvested every six hours from the femoral cavity and used for total and differential counts. They were analysed further by flow cytometry to characterize lymphocyte subsets, granulocyte adhesion molecules expression and apoptosis/necrosis [annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) protocol]. BD rats exhibited a reduction in bone marrow cells due to a reduction in lymphocytes (40%) and segmented cells (45%). Bone marrow lymphocyte subsets were similar in BD and SH rats (CD3, P = 0.1; CD4, P = 0.4; CD3/CD4, P = 0.4; CD5, P = 0.4, CD3/CD5, P = 0.2; CD8, P = 0.8). Expression of L‐selectin and beta2‐integrins on granulocytes did not differ (CD11a, P = 0.9; CD11b/c, P = 0.7; CD62L, P = 0.1). There were no differences in the percentage of apoptosis and necrosis (Annexin V, P = 0.73; PI, P = 0.21; Annexin V/PI, P = 0.29). In conclusion, data presented suggest that the downregulation of the bone marrow is triggered by brain death itself, and it is not related to changes in lymphocyte subsets, granulocyte adhesion molecules expression or apoptosis and necrosis.
Skin hydration, microrelief and greasiness of normal skin in Antarctica
Authors: Tsankov N. , Mateev D. , Darlenski R. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe skin is the primary defence of the human body against external factors from physical, chemical, mechanical and biologic origin. Climatic factors together with low temperature and sun radiation affect the skin. The effect of climatic conditions in Antarctica on healthy skin has not been previously addressed.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the skin hydration, greasiness and microrelief due to the extreme climatic environmental factors during the stay of the members of the Bulgarian Antarctic expedition.Material and methodsFifty‐nine Caucasian healthy subjects, 42 men and 17 women with mean age 50.9 years (27–68), were enrolled. The study was performed in five consecutive years from 2011 to 2016 at the Bulgarian Antarctic base camp at Livingston Island. The study protocol consisted of two parts: study A: duration of 15 days with measurement of skin physiology parameters on a daily basis, and study B: five measurements at baseline and at days 14, 30, 45 and 50 upon arrival in Antarctica. We measured three biophysical parameters related to skin physiology at cheek skin by an impedance measuring device.ResultsNo statistically significant difference between parameters at the different measurement points. There is a variation in skin hydration reaching its lower point at day 11 and then returning to values similar to baseline. Initially, an increase in skin greasiness was witnessed with a sharp depression at day 11 and final values at day 15 resembling the ones at baseline. An increase, although not statistically significant, in skin roughness was observed in the first 15 days of the study. Study B showed no statistically significant variances between values of the three parameters.ConclusionOur studies show the pioneer results of the effect of Antarctic climate on human skin physiology.
Severity assessments used for inclusion criteria and baseline severity evaluation in atopic dermatitis clinical trials: a systematic review
Authors: Chopra R. , Vakharia P.P. , Simpson E.L. , Paller A.S. , Silverberg J.I. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundNumerous inclusion criteria and baseline severity assessments are used in clinical trials of atopic dermatitis (AD), which may limit comparison of results.ObjectiveWe sought to characterize the inclusion criteria and baseline severity assessments used in randomized controlled trials (RCT) of AD internationally.MethodsWe performed a systematic review of RCT with a pharmacological intervention from 2007 to 2016. Cochrane Library, EMBASE, GREAT, LILACS, MEDLINE and Scopus were searched. Two authors independently performed study selection and data extraction.ResultsOverall, 212 RCT met inclusion/exclusion criteria. Target population and inclusion criteria based on AD severity were not documented in 78 (36.8%) and 25 (18.7%) studies, respectively. Thirty and 58 severity assessments were used for inclusion criteria and baseline severity, respectively, with only 60.3% concordance between their uses. Global assessments were most frequently used for both inclusion criteria and baseline severity assessment in North America (39.5% and 32.1%), while SCORing AD (SCORAD) or objective‐SCORAD index was most frequently used in Europe (23.5% and 23.0%) and Asia (34.2% and 43.5%). Minimum and maximum thresholds of severity assessments were inconsistently used between studies for inclusion criteria, even within similar target populations. SCORAD, global assessments and body surface area were most frequently used for both inclusion criteria and baseline severity assessment. IGA was particularly used in trials of topical agents.ConclusionsThere were considerable variability and poor documentation of inclusion criteria and baseline severity assessments in RCT for AD. These differences may limit interpretation of a study and comparison of results between studies.
Spanish validation of the PAS‐ADD Checklist Questionnaire for people with intellectual disabilities for Spanish population
Authors: Martorell A. , González M. C. , Gutiérrez P. , Rincón F. , Núñez‐Polo M. H. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe Psychiatric Assessment Schedule for Adult with Developmental Disability (PAS‐ADD) is an international reference tool for the diagnosis and assessment of mental health problems and behavioural disorders among people with intellectual disabilities. Although the original PAS‐ADD instrument has been validated in the Spanish language, the shorter PAS‐ADD Checklist has yet not been validated. The aim of this study is to validate the PAS‐ADD Checklist for the Spanish population.MethodsThe PAS‐ADD Checklist Questionnaire was administered to 208 adults with intellectual disabilities at a vocational centre in Madrid, Spain. The psychometric analyses included internal consistency, inter‐rater and test–retest reliability, Varimax rotation factor analysis for construct validity, criterion validity and feasibility.ResultsThe Cronbach's alpha was 0.80 for the overall questionnaire and between 0.40 and 0.79 for the subscales. The Kappa coefficients for test–retest and inter‐rater reliability were between 0.66 and 0.80. Varimax rotation factor analysis showed five well‐defined factors. The Kappa coefficients for criterion validity were between 0.30 and 0.70. Feasibility was also good.ConclusionsThe PAS‐ADD Checklist is a feasible and reliable instrument for carrying out initial assessment of the mental health status of adults with intellectual disabilities, referring cases to more specialised diagnosis and treatment.
Repeated administration of high‐dose depot medroxyprogesterone acetate does not alter SHIVSF162p3 viral kinetics and tenofovir pharmacokinetics when delivered via intravaginal rings
Authors: Srinivasan Priya , Zhang Jining , Dinh Chuong T. , Teller Ryan S. , McNicholl Janet M. , Kiser Patrick F. , Herold Betsy C. , Smith James M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundIntravaginal rings (IVR) for HIV prevention will likely be used by women on depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) hormonal contraception. We used pigtailed macaques to evaluate the effects of DMPA on tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) IVR pharmacokinetics and viral shedding.MethodsMucosal tenofovir (TFV) levels were compared in SHIVSF162p3‐negative DMPA‐treated (n=4) and normally cycling (n=6) macaques receiving TDF IVRs. Plasma viremia and vaginal shedding were determined in groups of SHIVSF162p3‐positive DMPA‐treated (n=6) and normally cycling (n=5) macaques.ResultsSimilar median vaginal fluid TFV concentrations were observed in the DMPA‐treated and cycling macaques over 4 weeks (1.2×105 and 1.1.×105 ng/mL, respectively). Median plasma viremia and vaginal shedding AUC of the DMPA‐treated (2.73×107 and 8.15×104 copies/mL, respectively) and cycling macaques (3.98×107 and 1.47×103 copies/mL, respectively) were statistically similar.ConclusionsDMPA does not affect TDF IVR pharmacokinetics or SHIV shedding.
Mauritian cynomolgus macaques with M3M4 MHC genotype control SIVmac251 infection
Authors: Li Hongzhao , Omange Robert W. , Czarnecki Chris , Correia‐Pinto Jorge F. , Crecente‐Campo Jose , Richmond Meika , Li Lin , Schultz‐Darken Nancy , Alonso Maria J. , Whitney James B. , Plummer Francis A. , Luo Ma 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding natural HIV control may lead to new preventative or therapeutic strategies. Several protective major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genotypes were found in humans and rhesus macaques. Here, we report a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) controller MHC genotype in Mauritian cynomolgus macaques (MCMs).MethodsTwelve MHC‐genotyped MCMs were infected with SIVmac251 and monitored for viral loads and CD4+ T‐cell counts.ResultsTwo macaques with M3M4 genotype exhibited the lowest peak viral loads (log plasma SIV RNA copies/mL), nearly 3 logs lower than those in most macaques with other MHC haplotype combinations, and set point viral loads below the level of detection limit by RT‐qPCR (<2 log RNA copies/mL). They maintained healthy CD4+ T‐cell counts of >500 cells/μL blood, while CD4 counts in the vast majority of other macaques were below this level.ConclusionsThe M3M4 MHC genotype may confer enhanced control of SIV replication in MCMs.
The use of life review to enhance spiritual well‐being in patients with terminal illnesses: An integrative review
Authors: Kwan Cecilia W M , Ng Marques S N , Chan Carmen W H 
Published: July 2017

Aims and objectivesTo conduct an integrative review of the current literature on using life review as an intervention to address the spiritual need of patients with terminal illnesses.BackgroundPalliative care highlights the holistic approach of care including the spiritual aspect. Life review has been used in palliative nursing intending to enhance patients’ emotional and spiritual well‐being, and quality of life. However, there is a lack of publications that provide a structured overview on life review programmes and their effectiveness.DesignIntegrative review.MethodsThe Whittemore and Knafl integrative review method was used. Five major online databases were included in our literature search. The keywords used were “life review” and “palliative care, terminal care, terminally ill, death & dying, hospice, spiritual wellbeing, spirituality”. Seven primary papers were identified, critically appraised and synthesised in the final review.ResultsThere are limited clinical studies on life review programmes for patients with terminal illness. The research design of these studies is too widely varied for meta‐analysis. Here, we identified two major programmes of life review as an intervention to address the spiritual well‐being of patients with terminal illness. However, repeated studies on the effectiveness of these two programmes are lacking. The shorter programme of life review is more likely to be applicable and effective for terminal patients.ConclusionsFurther research in this area is required to provide strong evidence on the effectiveness and applicability of life review in patients receiving palliative care.Relevance to clinical nursingThis review adds weight to the need of a better understanding on the use of life review in addressing the spiritual needs of patients with terminal illness. Such understanding would provide evidence for the use of life review as an alternative approach in palliative care delivery.
Prevalence and determinants of antibiotic exposure in infants: A population‐derived Australian birth cohort study
Authors: Anderson Hayley , Vuillermin Peter , Jachno Kim , Allen Katrina J , Tang Mimi LK , Collier Fiona , Kemp Andrew , Ponsonby Anne‐Louise , Burgner David ,   on behalf of the Barwon Infant Study Investigator Group
Published: July 2017

AimThe aim of this study was to describe antibiotic exposure in Australian infants during the first year of life, focusing on antibiotic class, indication, risk factors associated with exposure and comparison with international counterparts.MethodsThe Barwon Infant Study is a birth cohort study (n = 1074) with an unselected antenatal sampling frame from a large regional centre in Victoria, Australia. Longitudinal data on infection and medication were collected at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months by parental questionnaire and from general practitioner and hospital records. Predictors of questionnaire non‐completion were identified. A total of 660 infants with complete serial data were comprehensively examined. Antibiotic exposure was calculated as (i) antibiotic prescriptions and (ii) antibiotic days‐exposed per person‐year.ResultsMean antibiotic prescription rate was 0.92 prescriptions (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.83–1.02) per person‐year, with the highest rates in those aged <1 month (1.50 (95% CI, 1.09–1.91) per person‐year). A total of 50.0% of infants were exposed to at least one antibiotic in their first year of life. Increasing number of siblings was associated with increased antibiotic exposure. Penicillin with extended spectrum (365 of 661 antibiotic prescriptions, 52.6%) and cephalosporins (12.0%) were the most frequently prescribed antibiotics. One fifth of antibiotics were prescribed for respiratory tract infections and bronchiolitis.ConclusionAustralian infants in this large population‐based study are exposed to considerably more antibiotics than the majority of their international counterparts. Interventions aimed at addressing avoidable prescribing by medical practitioners and modifiable risk factors associated with antibiotic exposure may reduce antibiotic use.
Implications for behavior of volatile elements during impacts—Zinc and copper systematics in sediments from the Ries impact structure and central European tektites
Authors: Rodovská Zuzana , Magna Tomáš , Žák Karel , Kato Chizu , Savage Paul S. , Moynier Frédéric , Skála Roman , Ježek Josef 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMoldavites are tektites genetically related to the Ries impact structure, located in Central Europe, but the source materials and the processes related to the chemical fractionation of moldavites are not fully constrained. To further understand moldavite genesis, the Cu and Zn abundances and isotope compositions were measured in a suite of tektites from four different substrewn fields (South Bohemia, Moravia, Cheb Basin, Lusatia) and chemically diverse sediments from the surroundings of the Ries impact structure. Moldavites are slightly depleted in Zn (~10–20%) and distinctly depleted in Cu (>90%) relative to supposed sedimentary precursors. Moreover, the moldavites show a wide range in δ66Zn values between 1.7 and 3.7‰ (relative to JMC 3‐0749 Lyon) and δ65Cu values between 1.6 and 12.5‰ (relative to NIST SRM 976) and are thus enriched in heavy isotopes relative to their possible parent sedimentary sources (δ66Zn = −0.07 to +0.64‰; δ65Cu = −0.4 to +0.7‰). In particular, the Cheb Basin moldavites show some of the highest δ65Cu values (up to 12.5‰) ever observed in natural samples. The relative magnitude of isotope fractionation for Cu and Zn seen here is opposite to oxygen‐poor environments such as the Moon where Zn is significantly more isotopically fractionated than Cu. One possibility is that monovalent Cu diffuses faster than divalent Zn in the reduced melt and diffusion will not affect the extent of Zn isotope fractionation. These observations imply that the capability of forming a redox environment may aid in volatilizing some elements, accompanied by isotope fractionation, during the impact process. The greater extent of elemental depletion, coupled with isotope fractionation of more refractory Cu relative to Zn, may also hinge on the presence of carbonyl species of transition metals and electromagnetic charge, which could exist in the impact‐induced high‐velocity jet of vapor and melts.
Linked selection, demography and the evolution of correlated genomic landscapes in birds and beyond
Authors: Burri Reto 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSelection has a deep impact on the distribution of genetic diversity and population differentiation along the genome (the genomic landscapes of diversity and differentiation), reducing diversity and elevating differentiation not only at the sites it targets, but also at linked neutral sites. Fuelled by the high‐throughput sequencing revolution, these genomic footprints of selection have been extensively exploited over the past decade with the aim to identify genomic regions involved in adaptation and speciation. However, while this research has shown that the genomic landscapes of diversity and differentiation are usually highly heterogeneous, it has also led to the increasing realization that this heterogeneity may evolve under processes other than adaptation or speciation. In particular, instead of being an effect of selective sweeps or barriers to gene flow, accentuated differentiation can evolve by any process reducing genetic diversity locally within the genome (Charlesworth, ), including purifying selection at linked sites (background selection). In particular, in genomic regions where recombination is infrequent, accentuated differentiation can evolve as a by‐product of diversity reductions unrelated to adaptation or speciation (Cruickshank & Hahn, ; Nachman & Payseur, ; Noor & Bennett, ). In such genomic regions, linkage extends over physically larger genome stretches, and selection affects a particularly high number of linked neutral sites. Even though the effects of selection on linked neutral diversity (linked selection) within populations are well documented (Cutter & Payseur, ), recent observations of diversity and differentiation landscapes that are highly correlated even among independent lineages suggest that the effects of long‐term linked selection may have a deeper impact on the evolution of the genomic landscapes of diversity and differentiation than previously anticipated. The study on Saxicola stonechats by Van Doren et al. () reported in the current issue of Molecular Ecology lines in with a rapidly expanding body of evidence in this direction. Correlations of genomic landscapes extending from within stonechats to comparisons with Ficedula flycatchers add to recent insights into the timescales across which the effects of linked selection persist. Absent and inverted correlations of genomic landscapes in comparisons involving an island taxon, on the other hand, provide important empirical clues about the role of demographic constraints in the evolution of the genomic landscapes of diversity and differentiation.
Diversity and stability of coral endolithic microbial communities at a naturally high pCO2 reef
Authors: Marcelino Vanessa Rossetto , Morrow Kathleen M. , van Oppen Madeleine J. H. , Bourne David G. , Verbruggen Heroen 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe health and functioning of reef‐building corals is dependent on a balanced association with prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes. The coral skeleton harbours numerous endolithic microbes, but their diversity, ecological roles and responses to environmental stress, including ocean acidification (OA), are not well characterized. This study tests whether pH affects the diversity and structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic algal communities associated with skeletons of Porites spp. using targeted amplicon (16S rRNA gene, UPA and tufA) sequencing. We found that the composition of endolithic communities in the massive coral Porites spp. inhabiting a naturally high pCO2 reef (avg. pCO2 811 μatm) is not significantly different from corals inhabiting reference sites (avg. pCO2 357 μatm), suggesting that these microbiomes are less disturbed by OA than previously thought. Possible explanations may be that the endolithic microhabitat is highly homeostatic or that the endolithic micro‐organisms are well adapted to a wide pH range. Some of the microbial taxa identified include nitrogen‐fixing bacteria (Rhizobiales and cyanobacteria), algicidal bacteria in the phylum Bacteroidetes, symbiotic bacteria in the family Endozoicomoniaceae, and endolithic green algae, considered the major microbial agent of reef bioerosion. Additionally, we test whether host species has an effect on the endolithic community structure. We show that the endolithic community of massive Porites spp. is substantially different and more diverse than that found in skeletons of the branching species Seriatopora hystrix and Pocillopora damicornis. This study reveals highly diverse and structured microbial communities in Porites spp. skeletons that are possibly resilient to OA.