bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioprospecting of powdered pineapple rind as an organic supplement of composted sawdust for Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom cultivation
Authors: Narh Mensah Deborah L. , Addo Peter , Dzomeku Matilda , Obodai Mary 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPineapple rind is a by‐product of the pineapple processing industry and contains nutrients and other compounds which must be utilized as a bioresource for socio‐economic benefits while preventing the potential problems of improper agroindustrial biomass disposal methods. Pleurotus ostreatus is an edible oyster mushroom with medicinal properties and can be cultivated on various agroindustrial biomass, including sawdust containing supplements. Pineapple rind was powdered and used as a supplement of composted sawdust at 2%, 5%, 10%, 12%, 15%, and 20% (w/w) on dry weight basis. A control treatment consisted of composted sawdust supplemented with rice bran at 12% (the most utilized composition in Ghana). P. ostreatus strain EM‐1 was cultivated on these treatments. Factors investigated included the spawn run period, yield, fruiting body weight and size, biological efficiency, and nutritional composition (proximate composition and Copper, Zinc and Lead content) of fruiting bodies harvested from selected high‐yielding treatments and the control treatment. Full colonization of all treatments occurred by the 34th day of incubation. Enhanced yield, fruiting body weight and size, and biological efficiency were generally recorded with supplementation at lower concentrations (2% and 5%) compared to treatments supplemented at higher concentrations. There was also a supplement concentration‐dependent alteration of the nutritional composition of the mushroom. Powdered pineapple rind can be utilized as an organic supplement at relatively low concentrations in composted sawdust for P. ostreatus strain EM‐1 cultivation. The use of lower concentrations of powdered pineapple rind in composted sawdust is advantageous as relatively less input will be required to produce higher P. ostreatus strain EM‐1 yields. Utilization of pineapple rind for mushroom cultivation will extend the pineapple plant value chain, intensify mushroom production in a sustainable way, and minimize agricultural losses.
Functional connectivity in dementia with Lewy bodies: A within‐ and between‐network analysis
Authors: Schumacher Julia , Peraza Luis R. , Firbank Michael , Thomas Alan J. , Kaiser Marcus , Gallagher Peter , O'Brien John T. , Blamire Andrew M. , Taylor John‐Paul 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a common form of dementia and is characterized by cognitive fluctuations, visual hallucinations, and Parkinsonism. The phenotypic expression of the disease may, in part, relate to alterations in functional connectivity within and between brain networks. This resting‐state study sought to clarify this in DLB, how networks differed from Alzheimer's disease (AD), and whether they were related to clinical symptoms in DLB. Resting‐state networks were estimated using independent component analysis. We investigated functional connectivity changes in 31 DLB patients compared to 31 healthy controls and a disease comparator group of 29 AD patients using dual regression and FSLNets. Within‐network connectivity was generally decreased in DLB compared to controls, mainly in motor, temporal, and frontal networks. Between‐network connectivity was mainly intact; only the connection between a frontal and a temporal network showed increased connectivity in DLB. Differences between AD and DLB were subtle and we did not find any significant correlations with the severity of clinical symptoms in DLB. This study emphasizes the importance of reduced connectivity within motor, frontal, and temporal networks in DLB with relative sparing of the default mode network. The lack of significant correlations between connectivity measures and clinical scores indicates that the observed reduced connectivity within these networks might be related to the presence, but not to the severity of motor and cognitive impairment in DLB patients. Furthermore, our results suggest that AD and DLB may show more similarities than differences in patients with mild disease.
Climate conditions, and changes, affect microalgae communities… should we worry?
Authors: Gimenez Papiol Gemma 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Microalgae play a pivotal role in the regulation of Earth's climate and its cycles, but are also affected by climate change, mainly by changes in temperature, light, ocean acidification, water stratification, and precipitation-induced nutrient inputs. The changes and impacts on microalgae communities are difficult to study, predict, and manage, but there is no doubt that there will be changes. These changes will have impacts beyond microalgae communities, and many of them will be negative. Some actions are currently ongoing for the mitigation of some of the negative impacts, such as harmful algal blooms and water quality, but global efforts for reducing CO2 emissions, temperature rises, and ocean acidification are paramount for reducing the impact of climate change on microalgae communities, and eventually, on human well-being. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2018;14:181–184. © 2018 SETAC

Key Points
Microalgae, which include prokaryotes and eukaryotes, are among the oldest organisms on Earth, and are known to be able to adapt to environmental changes and polluted environments and also to play a pivotal role in the regulation of Earth's climate and its cycles. The role of microalgae in biophysicochemical cycles implies that any effect of climate change pressures on microalgae will also affect other biophysicochemical compartments, and vice versa. Global strategies for reducing CO2 emissions, the temperature increase and pH decrease, are urgently needed for the mitigation of changes in microalgae communities due to climate change, which will cause unpredictable, although likely negative, consequences.
Impact of African traditional worldviews on climate change adaptation
Authors: Sanganyado Edmond , Teta Charles , Masiri Busani 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Recent studies show cultural worldviews are a key determinant of environmental risk perceptions; thus, they could influence climate change adaptation strategies. African traditional worldviews encourage harmony between humans and the environment through a complex metaphysical belief system transmitted through folklore, taboos, and traditional knowledge. However, African traditional worldviews hold a belief in traditional gods that was shown to have a low connectedness to nature and a low willingness to change. In Makueni District, Kenya, 45% of agropastoralists surveyed believed drought was god's plan and could not be changed. In contrast, traditional knowledge, which is shaped by African traditional worldviews, is often used to frame adaptive strategies such as migration, changing modes of production, and planting different crop varieties. Furthermore, traditional knowledge has been used as a complement to science in areas where meteorological data was unavailable. However, the role of African traditional worldviews on climate change adaption remains understudied. Hence, there is a need to systematically establish the influence of African traditional worldviews on climate change risk perception, development of adaptive strategies, and policy formulation and implementation. In this commentary, we discuss the potential impacts of African traditional worldviews on climate change adaptation. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2018;14:189–193. © 2018 SETAC

Key Points
Cultural worldviews influence risk perception. Folklore, traditional knowledge, and taboos help formulate adaptive strategies. Belief in a traditional god may lead to indifference or pessimism. African traditional worldviews are essential in designing adaptation policies.
United States news media and climate change in the era of US President Trump
Authors: Park David J 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

The Donald J Trump administration's strategy to disengage and downplay the Paris Climate Agreement will likely result in a slight decrease in the already low levels of US news media global warming coverage. This is because significant limitations with the news media's ability to adequately cover climate change predated the administration. First, studies indicate that advertising interests and editors have always challenged journalists’ abilities to adequately report on climate change issues. Instead of climate change stories, editors often prefer more sensational topics that garner higher ratings and approval with advertisers. Second, the journalistic norm of balance and the role of sourcing give climate skeptics exceptional media exposure, which creates a “false balance” or equivalency between skeptics and scientists. Third, the massive power and influence of the fossil fuel industry's public relations arm has also had a tremendous impact on public (mis)understanding of climate change. Fourth, a trend toward declining climate change coverage and “climate silence” in US media is developing. Media corporations have substantially eliminated the number of environmental journalists that cover climate change. The overall effect of these limitations distorts public understanding of climate change and delays potential government action. Moving away from a predominantly commercial media system to one with a substantial noncommercial component can improve US journalism, whereas using advertising to increase rates for environmentally unsound products and services may also help mitigate global warming. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2018;14:202–204. © 2018 SETAC

Key Points
The US news media's relationship with climate change information is important because citizens are largely dependent on news media for climate change information. Editors and advertising interests have always presented challenges for journalists’ abilities to adequately report on climate change issues. The journalistic norm of balance and the role of sourcing give climate skeptics exceptional media exposure. The massive power and influence of the fossil fuel industry's public relations arm has had a tremendous impact on public (mis)understanding of climate change.
Understanding Age-Induced Cortical Porosity in Women: The Accumulation and Coalescence of Eroded Cavities Upon Existing Intracortical Canals Is the Main Contributor
Authors: Andreasen Christina Møller , Delaisse Jean-Marie , van der Eerden Bram CJ , van Leeuwen Johannes PTM , Ding Ming , Andersen Thomas Levin 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Intracortical bone remodeling normally ensures maintenance of the cortical bone matrix and strength, but during aging, this remodeling generates excessive porosity. The mechanism behind the age-induced cortical porosity is poorly understood and addressed in the present study. This study consists of a histomorphometric analysis of sections of iliac bone specimens from 35 women (age 16–78 years). First, the study shows that the age-induced cortical porosity reflects an increased pore size rather than an increased pore density. Second, it establishes a novel histomorphometric classification of the pores, which is based on the characteristics of the remodeling sites to which each pore is associated. It takes into consideration (i) the stage of the remodeling event at the level where the pore is sectioned, (ii) whether the event corresponds with the generation of a new pore through penetrative tunneling (type 1 pores) or with remodeling of an existing pore (type 2 pores), and (iii) in the latter case, whether or not the new remodeling event leads to the coalescence of pores. Of note, the advantage of this classification is to relate porosity with its generation mechanism. Third, it demonstrates that aging and porosity are correlated with: a shift from type 1 to type 2 pores, reflecting that the remodeling of existing pores is higher; an accumulation of eroded type 2 pores, reflecting an extended resorption-reversal phase; and a coalescence of these eroded type 2 pores into enlarged coalescing type 2 cavities. Collectively, this study supports the notion, that age-related increase in cortical porosity is the result of intracortical remodeling sites upon existing pores, with an extended reversal-resorption phase (eroded type 2 pores) that may likely result in a delayed or absent initiation of the subsequent bone formation. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc.
Therapeutic leukocytapheresis in infants and children with leukemia and hyperleukocytosis: A single institution experience
Authors: Thapa Namisha , Pham Robin , Cole Charles , Meinershagen Mitchell , Bowman Paul W. , Ray Anish 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundHyperleukocytosis, defined as white blood cell (WBC) count above 100 × 109/L, has high early morbidity and mortality from leukostasis‐related complications, namely intracranial hemorrhage and pulmonary distress. Initiating chemotherapy without prior leukocytoreduction may lead to tumor lysis syndrome (TLS). Therapeutic leukocytapheresis (TL) is used as one leukocytoreductive intervention; however, its safety and efficacy in pediatric leukemia has not been established. The purpose of this study is to evaluate safety of TL in pediatric patients and assess the efficacy of TL in reducing WBC count in pediatric leukemia.MethodsRetrospective chart review was conducted on 14 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 5 with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who underwent TL during the period 2000‐2014 at a single institution.ResultsMean WBC count of 19 patients who received TL was 483.2 × 109/L (547.1 in ALL, 304.3 in AML); a portion of patients presented with central nervous system symptoms (15%), respiratory symptoms (10%), or both (10%). TL reduced WBC count (mean 50.7% reduction after a single TL procedure; additional 17.1% reduction after a second TL procedure in 6 patients). Short‐term survival immediately following TL was 100% without any major procedural complication. Mean survival time in patients with AML was 1.5 years and with ALL was 6.5 years.ConclusionsTL significantly reduces WBC number in pediatric leukemia patients as young as 22 days old. In our retrospective study, TL was not associated with any significant complications and suggests that TL is a safe initial procedure in pediatric leukemia.
Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling to Evaluate the Systemic Exposure of Gefitinib in CYP2D6 Ultrarapid Metabolizers and Extensive Metabolizers
Authors: Chen Yingxue , Zhou Diansong , Tang Weifeng , Zhou Wangda , Al‐Huniti Nidal , Masson Eric 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGefitinib is a selective inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase and is used for the treatment of non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with activating EGFR mutations. Gefitinib is metabolized by CYP2D6 and CYP3A4. This analysis compared the systemic exposure of gefitinib after oral administration in CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolizers (UM) vs extensive metabolizers (EM). Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling was conducted using a population‐based simulator. The model was calibrated using itraconazole‐gefitinib clinical drug‐drug interaction data and validated with gefitinib data in CYP2D6 EM vs poor metabolizers (PM). System components of the PBPK model were evaluated using published clinical metoprolol pharmacokinetic data in CYP2D6 UM, EM, and PM. Our PBPK model predicted a gefitinib geometric least‐squares mean area under the plasma concentration‐time curve (AUC) from time 0 to 264 hours (AUC(0‐264)) ratio in the presence vs absence of itraconazole of 1.85, similar to the ratio of 1.78 from clinical study data. Predicted and observed metoprolol geometric least‐squares mean AUC(0‐24) ratios in UM vs EM were also similar (0.46 and 0.55, respectively), suggesting that system components related to CYP2D6 in the PBPK model were properly established. In addition, the PBPK model also captured gefitinib pharmacokinetic profiles in CYP2D6 polymorphic populations. The final PBPK model predicted a decrease in gefitinib AUC of ∼39% in CYP2D6 UM vs EM. Such changes in exposure will have limited impact as the reduced exposure is still above gefitinib's in vitro IC90 for EGFR activating mutations in NSCLC patients.
9.4T and 17.6T MRI of Retinoblastoma: Ex Vivo evaluation of microstructural anatomy and disease extent compared with histopathology
Authors: de Jong Marcus C. , de Graaf Pim , Pouwels Petra J.W. , Beenakker Jan‐Willem , Jansen Robin W. , Geurts Jeroen J.G. , Moll Annette C. , Castelijns Jonas A. , van der Valk Paul , van der Weerd Louise 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundRetinoblastoma is the most common intraocular tumor in childhood with a good prognosis in terms of mortality, but detailed information about tumor morphology and disease extent in retinoblastoma is important for treatment decision making.PurposeTo demonstrate ultrahigh‐field MRI tumor morphology and tumor extent in retinoblastoma correlating with in and ex vivo images with histopathology.Study TypeProspective case series.PopulationSix retinoblastoma patients (median age 5.5 months, range 2–14) were prospectively included in this study. Median time between diagnosis and enucleation was 8 days (range 7–19).Field Strength/SequenceIn vivo pre‐enucleation at 1.5T MRI with a circular surface coil. Ex vivo imaging (FLASH T1‐weighted and RARE T2‐weighted) was performed at field strengths of 9.4T and 17.6T.AssessmentAfter ex vivo imaging, the eyes were histopathologically analyzed and morphologically matched with MRI findings by three authors (two with respectively 14 and 4 years of experience in ocular MRI and one with 16 years of experience in ophthalmopathology).ResultsSmall submillimeter morphological aspects of intraocular retinoblastoma were successfully depicted with higher‐resolution MRI and matched with histopathology images. With ex vivo MRI a small subretinal tumor seed (300 μm) adjacent to the choroid was morphologically matched with histopathology. Also, a characteristic geographical pattern of vital tumor tissue (400 μm) surrounding a central vessel interspersed with necrotic areas correlated with histopathology images. Tumor invasion into the optic nerve showed a higher signal intensity on T1‐weighted higher‐resolution MRI.Data ConclusionHigher‐resolution MRI allows for small morphological aspects of intraocular retinoblastoma and extraocular disease extent not visible on currently used clinical in vivo MRI to be depicted.Level of Evidence: 4Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1487–1497.
Transcutaneous carbon dioxide application with hydrogel prevents muscle atrophy in a rat sciatic nerve crush model
Authors: Nishimoto Hanako , Inui Atsuyuki , Ueha Takeshi , Inoue Miho , Akahane Shiho , Harada Risa , Mifune Yutaka , Kokubu Takeshi , Nishida Kotaro , Kuroda Ryosuke , Sakai Yoshitada 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTThe acceleration of nerve regeneration remains a clinical challenge. We previously demonstrated that transcutaneous CO2 application using a novel hydrogel increases the oxygen concentration in local tissue via an “artificial Bohr effect” with the potential to prevent muscle atrophy. In this study, we investigated the effect of transcutaneous CO2 administration on limb function after peripheral nerve injury in a rat sciatic nerve injury model. In total, 73 Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into a sham group, a control group (crush injury to sciatic nerve and no treatment) or a CO2 group (crush injury with transcutaneous CO2 application). CO2 was administered percutaneously for 20 min five times per week. Scores for the sciatic function index and pinprick test were significantly higher in the CO2 group than control group. The muscle wet weight ratios of the tibialis anterior and soleus muscles were higher in the CO2 group than control group. Electrophysiological examination showed that the CO2 group had higher compound motor action potential amplitudes and shorter distal motor latency than the control group. Histological examination of the soleus muscle sections at postoperative week 2 showed shorter fiber diameter in the control group than in the CO2 group. The mRNA expression of Atrogin‐1 and MuRF‐1 was lower, mRNA expression of VEGF and myogenin and MyoD was higher in CO2 group at postoperative week 2 compared to the control group. Clinical significance: Transcutaneous CO2 application has the therapeutic potential to accelerate the recovery of muscle atrophy in peripheral nerve injury. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1653–1658, 2018.
An integrative framework for collaborative forecasting in tourism supply chains
Authors: Zhang Xinyan , Song Haiyan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTourism practitioners must often rely on each other in a tourism supply chain (TSC). Demand forecasting plays a key role in shaping the activities of TSC practitioners. In the past 4 decades, researchers have developed many techniques for advanced tourism demand forecasting, but practitioners have had little interest in them. To bridge this gap, we examine the nature of the forecasting tasks of TSC practitioners in Hong Kong and propose a collaborative TSC forecasting framework that not only integrates tourism demand forecasting methods with practitioners' knowledge, but also facilitates information sharing between TSC practitioners to increase industry collaboration and improve forecasting performance.
The role of elective neck dissection in the treatment of maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sangal Neel R. , Lee Yung‐Jae , Brady Jacob S. , Patel Tapan D. , Eloy Jean Anderson , Baredes Soly , Park Richard Chan Woo 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveThis study is designed to analyze the survival benefits of elective neck dissection (END) in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary sinus (MS‐SCC) with clinically negative neck lymph nodes (N0) and no metastasis (M0).Study DesignThe aim of this study was to evaluate whether END improves survival in patients with MS‐SCC.MethodsThis study is a population‐based, concurrent retrospective database analysis of patients diagnosed with N0M0 MS‐SCC from 2004 to 2013. Data were acquired from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Frequency functions, Kaplan‐Meier and Cox regression models were queried to analyze demographics, treatment status, and survival outcomes.ResultsThere were a total of 927 MS‐SCC cases in the database between 2004 and 2013. This analysis revealed that for the overall cohort, END significantly and independently reduces the 5‐year hazard of death in MS‐SCC (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.646, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.419–0.873, P = 0.047). For early tumor (T)1/T2 tumors and T4 tumors, END did not independently improve 5‐year survival. However, for T3 disease, END significantly reduced the 5‐year hazard of death in MS‐SCC (HR = 0.471, 95% CI = 0.261–0.680, P = 0.001), regardless of other covariates, including adjuvant radiation. There has been an increase in the percentage of MS‐SCC surgeries that have been accompanied by END since SEER started collecting this data, although this did not demonstrate significance (R2 = 0.622).ConclusionEND improves disease‐specific survival in patients with MS‐SCC size > 4 cm and advanced T‐stage (American Joint Committee on Cancer AJCC TIII). Therefore, surgeons performing maxillectomies should consider conducting an END concurrent with maxillectomy for those with size > 4 cm advanced stage cancer.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 1835–1841, 2018