bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Schizoaffective disorder and life events
Authors: walid B. , Marrag I. , Ellouze F. , Dekhil A. , Nasr M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe schizoaffective disorder is multifactorial. Several factors almost unquestioned, even indisputable, participate in the episodes’ decompensation and affect various fields: biological, pharmacological or neurobiochemical.ObjectivesDraw up the sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients treated for schizoaffective disorder and determine the role of life events in the onset of the disorder.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of 52 patients hospitalized in the psychiatric department of Mahdia diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder according to DSM-IV-TR during the period from January 2014 until June 2014. The information was collected using a preset sheet with 35 items.ResultsA total of 52 records was gathered. The average age was 38 years. The sample was predominantly male, of rural origin in 61.5% of cases. The level of education was low in 59.6% of cases. More than half were without profession and single in 46.2% of cases. The mean age at onset of the disorder was 25.2 years. The presence of life events preceding the onset of the disorder was noted in 22 patients, that to say, 42.3% of the sample. Family and emotional events were most frequently encountered with respective rates of 48.2 and 24.7%, followed by the professional events (20%) and social ones (6%).ConclusionLife events are due to chance but also to the environment. The complexity of the “event” concept was again underlined in a new perspective, breaking social rhythms.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Digital communities of people with paraphilia: A study of zoophiles
Authors: Sendler D. , Lew-Starowicz M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAccessibility of the Internet allows people to connect anonymously and without boundaries – features particularly important for people with relatively rare sexual preference such as paraphilia.ObjectivesTo (1) allow for conceptualization and improved management of zoophilic patients in clinical practice or forensic examinations, (2) analyze how zoophiles network using online discussion forums, and (3) describe main goals of digital networking.MethodsA qualitative observational study of user activity (n = 958) on discussion forums, combined with brief demographic survey. Data were analyzed according to principles of grounded theory. Next, surveys of own design (demographic, discreet + open ended questions) were answered by 350 participants. Presented data show aggregate conclusions from mixed methods qualitative and quantitative analysis.ResultsZoophiles (or, zoos) use Internet to connect with other zoophiles (26.6% to have casual sex, 17.7% for dating, and 17% to exchange pornography). Connections are easiest to be established in countryside, where zoophilia clusters. In fact, there are village communities of zoos where explicit sharing of animal sexual partner(s) (28%) and/or voyeurism (30%) serve as bonding ritual. Over 40% of zoophiles are reluctant to meet other zoos in person, since they view them as “weird”, pointing to phenomenon of internalized stigmatization due to having non-normative sexuality. Online forums are also used by zoophiles to exchange information about which districts are at risk of becoming a target of social ostracism.ConclusionsPeople with zoophilia use digital communities to network, meet for sex, find dating partners and for own safety reasons.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Is cloninger type 1 and type 2 alcoholism differ in terms of emotion regulation?
Authors: Gulec Oyekcin D. , Gurgen A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionEmotional disturbances are a central characteristic of many mental disorders, including alcohol addiction.ObjectivesIn this study we aimed to investigate the emotion disregulation among alcohol use disorders and to compare the emotion regulation difficulties with type 1 and type 2 alcoholism.MethodsThirty-three treatment-seeking AUD individuals were recruited from addiction division of psychiatry department of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University. Patients who agreed to participate in the study and completed detoxification treatment were enrolled to the study. After describing the study and obtaining informed consent, participants were assessed with demographic questionnaires (including questions such as age, gender, income status, duration of alcohol use, amount of alcohol use, duration of abstinence were given to participants) followed by the semi-structured interview. Emotion regulation was assessed with the difficulties in emotion regulation scale.ResultOf the patients, 93.9% were male. The average age of participants was 41.21 ± 12.8 years. Of the participants, 60.6% were type 1 and 39.4% of type 2. There was statistically significant difference between type 1 and type 2 alcoholism in terms of emotion regulation. Type 2 alcoholism has more emotional regulation difficulties than type 1 alcoholism. This finding may be consistent with earlier onset of having more impulsive drinking pattern in type 2.ConclusionsIn conclusion alcohol use disorders are thought to be associated with emotion dysregulation. Emotion regulation difficulties, was higher in type 2 than type 1. Emotional regulation strategies should be considered in the interventions and may be evaluated as a new prognostic criteria.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Nalmefene against alcohol use disorder: A report of one case
Authors: Juncal Ruiz M. , Porta Olivares O. , Sánchez Blanco L. , Landera Rodríguez R. , Gómez Revuelta M. , Santayana Jenaro G. Pardo de , Martín Gutiérrez R. , López García E. , Medina Blanco R. , García Ayala L. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAlcohol consumption represents a significant factor for mortality in the world: 6.3% in men and 1.1% in women. Alcohol use disorder is also very common: 5.4% in men and 1.5% in women. Despite its high frequency and the seriousness of this disorder, only 8% of all alcohol-dependents are ever treated. One potentially interesting treatment option is oriented toward reducing alcohol intake.AimsTo describe one case who has improved his alcohol consumption after starting treatment with nalmefene, an opioid receptor antagonist related to naltrexone.MethodsA 35-year-old male with alcohol use disorder since 2001 came to our consult in November 2015. He was in trouble with his family and he had a liver failure. We offer a new treatment option with nalmefene 18 mg to reduce alcohol consumption.ResultsBefore to start nalmefene he drank 21 drinks/week. Six-month later, he decreased alcohol intake until 5 drinks/week with better family relationship and liver function. After starting nalmefene he complained of nausea, so we recommend to take the middle of the pill for next 7 days. After this time he returned to take one pill with good tolerance and no more side effects or withdrawal syndrome.ConclusionsNalmefene appears to be effective and safe in reducing heavy drinking and in preventing alcohol withdrawal syndrome due to its opioid receptor antagonism. This case suggests nalmefene is a potential option to help patients, who do not want or cannot get the abstinence, in reducing their alcohol consumption.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Interventions to improve lifestyle and quality of life in patients with concurrent mental illness and substance use
Authors: Juel A. , Kristiansen C.B. , Munk-Jørgensen P. , Hjorth P. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundPatients with co-existence of psychiatric disorders and substance use have an increased risk of premature death. This is attributable to a higher prevalence of physical comorbidities and the lifestyle related to substance use. Furthermore, they experience low quality of life (QoL). Studies addressing lifestyle interventions for these patients are warranted.AimsTo investigate the physical health and QoL in patients with co-existence of psychiatric disorders and substance use, and to analyse for changes in their (a) health, (b) substance use and (c) QoL after a 24-month health-promotion programme. Further aims were to investigate associations between (a) QoL and number of interventions, (b) QoL and patient characteristics and (c) QoL and length of participation in the intervention.MethodsIn this naturalistic cohort study, 64 non-selected patients were engaged in health-promoting interventions added to contemporary treatments. QoL and clinical variables were measured at the beginning of and continuously during the programme by means of the WHOQoL-Bref questionnaire.ResultsAt enrolment, the patients’ intake of cannabis and alcohol was high. During follow-up, patients consumed significantly fewer caffeinated beverages (P = 0.038) and fast-food meals (P = 0.018), and slept significantly less (P = 0.032). The average dose of antipsychotic medication increased significantly (P = 0.015). QoL was low at enrolment but improved significantly overall (P = 0.009) and in the psychological (P = 0.020) and environmental domains (P = 0.012) at follow-up. The difference in total QoL was positively associated with the number of interventions attended.ConclusionThis programme shows promise in addressing health promotion for these patients and can easily be integrated into contemporary treatments.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome: A Parisian case series
Authors: Marillier M. , Batisse A. , Chevallier C. , Laviale L. , Djezzar S. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionCurrently, cannabis remains the most widely used illicit psychoactive substance in the world. Its main pharmacological properties are known and its use for therapeutic purpose is still expanding. Also, its acute and chronic toxicity become more described, even if some mechanisms of pharmacotoxicology still remain to clarify as the cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS).ObjectivesTo describe cases of CHS, to highlight the clinical presentation and all the complexity of the medical exploration for making an accurate diagnosis.MethodWe present a case series of CHS related to cannabis use and notified to the Parisian addictovigilance center.ResultsEight cases were collected between 2011 and 2016. The users are almost exclusively men (7/8), with a median age of 31 years and some of them present a history of psychiatric disorder. All of them report important daily cannabis consumption (up to 15 joints by day) with duration of consumption averaged at 10 years. All patients present recurrences of clinical signs of the syndrome including vomiting (8/8) and abdominal pains (8/8) leading to repeated hospitalizations. Despite the presence of compulsive taking hot showers notion (7/8), specific sign of the CHS, its diagnosis were made by a physician in 5 cases. Carried out medical examinations are often complete, invasive, even going to an explorative laparotomy for one patient.ConclusionThe CHS remains not well known. A better understanding of this syndrome will enable better patient care while avoiding costly spending unnecessary investigations.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Alcoholism and alcoholic psychoses in Russia: An analysis of the trends
Authors: Razvodovsky Y. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionRussia has one of the highest alcoholism (alcohol dependence) and alcoholic psychoses incidence/prevalence rates in Europe, which may be explained by high overall population drinking and prevalence of irregular heavy drinking of vodka. The role of binge drinking in modifying the effect of alcohol on the risk of alcoholic psychoses in Russia has been emphasized in clinical and aggregate-level studies.AimsThe present study aims to examine the phenomenon of dramatic fluctuations in alcoholism and alcoholic psychoses rates in Russia during the late Soviet (1970–1991) to post-Soviet period (1992–2015).MethodTo examine the relation between changes in the sales of alcohol and alcoholism/alcoholic psychoses incidence/prevalence rates across the study period a time-series analysis was performed.ResultsAccording to the results, alcohol sales is a statistically significant associated with alcoholic psychoses incidence/prevalence rates, implying that a 1 litre increase in per capita alcohol sales is associated with an increase in the alcoholic psychoses incidence/prevalence rates of 17.6% and 14.0% correspondingly. The association between alcohol sales per capita and alcoholism incidence/prevalence rates was also positive, but statistically not significant.ConclusionThese findings suggest that the alcoholic psychoses incidence/prevalence rates are the reliable indicators of alcohol-related problems at the population level. The outcomes of this study also provide indirect support for the hypothesis that the dramatic fluctuations in the alcoholic psychoses incidence/prevalence rates in Russia during the last decades were related to the availability/affordability of alcohol.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
Alexithymia in patients with substance use disorders
Authors: Sellami R. , Moalla M. , Feki I. , Hentati S. , Masmoudi J. , Zahaf A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAlexithymia is considered as a deficit in emotion processing. It includes difficulty to identify and describe feelings as well as discriminate between feelings and physical sensations. Alexithymia may be a risk factor for substance use (SUD).ObjectivesThe objective of this work is to identify the prevalence and correlates of alexithymia among patients with SUD.MethodsThis study concerns 40 subjects who were hospitalized in a rehabilitation center in Sfax. The subjects completed a form investigating sociodemographic and drug use characteristics. Alexithymia was assessed using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale TAS-20 a. The TAS-20 have three factors: difficulty in identifying feelings (F1), difficulty in describing feelings (F2), and externally oriented thinking (F3).ResultsThe mean age of 30.86 ± 8.07 years. The mean score of alexithymia was 65.39 ± 9.65 (42→83). The scores of its dimensions were 25.3 ± 6.10 for F1, 17.16 ± 3.3 for F2 and 23.16 ± 3.18 for F3. The prevalence of alexithymia was 62.8% among addicts. High alexithymic patients did not differ from low or moderate alexithymic patients in terms of, employment, education or the type of substance. TAS-20 was correlated to socio-economic status (P = 0.002). No correlation was observed between age and alexithymia (total TAS-20) when measured as a continuous variable (P = 0.802). High alexithymic patients exhibited a higher preference for poly-substance use compared with no alexithymic patients (P = 0.05).ConclusionFindings suggest that alexithymia is frequent in SUD patients. It should be noted in clinical practice that many patients with SUD may have a reduced capacity to identify and describe feelings during detoxification.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Anti-craving biofeedback program in clinical course of pathological addictions
Authors: Sosin I. , Chuev Y. , Volkov A. , Goncharova O. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionModern clinical narcology searches for anti-craving programs to overcome psychoactive substances (PAS) pathological addiction with bio-adaptive regulation of systems (BARS).Aims and objectivesTo develop computer modified biofeedback program integrated with Luscher test.MethodTwenty-two PAS addicts who were undergoing biofeedback modified psycho-training were examined. Computer rheoencephalogram (REG) was used as an external monitoring module.ResultsTechnologically novel biofeedback computer modification was developed with preceding Luscher computer testing for determination of the individual preference colour and the colour producing individual unpleasant associations in respondents. Consequently, biofeedback program was corrected differentially by changing standard colour templates for those personified on monitor. Cerebral hemodynamics condition transferred to individually designed for a particular respondent colour registers is used as a homeostatic parameter reflecting alcohol craving presence/absence: in case of the disordered REG parameters the signal reflects the respondent's unpleasant (negative) colour, and with no craving the screen is filled with positive, pleasant, favourite colour. During BARS auto-training the respondents’ skills to mediate present subjective clinical PAS craving manifestations with unpleasant colour and the experimental auto-training method have been mastered, and those psycho emotional states which displace PAS craving symbolic colour from the screen are selected, and it is substituted with favourite colour (symbol of healthy mode of life motivations).ConclusionsUsage of combined BARS biofeedback improved effectiveness of the training and allowed to objectivize and control the condition of the patient getting reliable visual and digital information about either regress or activation of PAS craving and potential relapse of addictive behaviour.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Psychological autopsies, suicide and psychopathological significance (Results of a survey of mental health from 2000 to 2008 in east of Algeria)
Authors: Benabbas M. , benelmouloud O. 
Published: June 2017

This is an epidemiological study of suicide in East of Algeria (15 wilayas) through psychological autopsies (from 2000 to 2008) or more variables were studied to establish a standard profile of suicide in Algeria. The variables studied were: age, sex, occupation, place of residence, the existence of life events, psychiatric history and possibly a history of TS, a source of information (from whom we collected Information: father, mother, brother, sister…) and the proceeds used for suicide. In total, we identified 1263 cases of suicide with age 15 and older occurred in populations of East of Algeria during the period 2000 to 2008. The conclusion focuses on the emergence of certain variables can be risk factors namely age between 30 and 45 years, male gender, social and financial difficulties especially difficult life, the presence of a psychiatric diagnosis on axis 1 of DSM-IV and finally the lack of access to primary care in urban areas.Finally, the authors highlight the prevalence per 100,000 population per wilaya and the average prevalence for the whole of east of Algeria.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Suicide sleep monitoring (SSleeM): A feasibility and acceptability study of a wearable sleep tracking monitoring device in suicide attempters
Authors: Guillodo E. , Berrouiguet S. , Simonnet M. , Conejero I. , Courtet P. , Baca Garcia E. , Billot R. , Lenca P. , Walter M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionSleep disturbances are associated with an increased risk of suicidal behavior. The evidence primarily stems from studies based on questionnaires about sleep quality. In recent years, the availability of wearable health technology has increased and offers an inexpensive, appealing, and accessible way to measure sleep.Our aim is to assess the feasibility and acceptability of wearable sleep tracking monitoring devices in a sample of suicide attempters.MethodsA prospective, open-label, 12-months study will be conducted in the emergency department (ED) and psychiatric unit (PU) of the university hospital of Brest, France. Inclusion criteria are male or female aged 18 or over, surviving a suicide attempt, discharged from ED or PU, and giving consent. The sleep tracker and a smartphone will be given to the patient after discharge. He or she will receive brief training on how to use the sleep tracker. Patient will be asked to monitor their sleep during the five days following the discharge. The feasibility will be explored by analyzing the data proceeding from the sleep tracker. The acceptability will be assessed during the five-days follow up visit, using a standardized questionnaire.ResultsPreliminary results of this ongoing study show that feasibility and acceptance may be related to technical features of wearable devices.DiscussionA better understanding of the bidirectional mechanism between sleep disturbances and suicide behavior will allow the design of tailored interventions to prevent suicide attempts.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Breaking down the barriers to mental health crisis care: Evaluation of a training package for emergency department clinicians
Authors: Fernando M. , Bhat M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAbout one in 20 attendances at emergency departments (EDs) in the UK relate to mental health, yet recent work has shown that a majority of people presenting with mental health crises do not report positive experiences (Care Quality Commission, 2015). Although there are many reasons for this, one may be a lack of mental health training for staff working in EDs. In response to this, a new training module for multi-professional ED staff was developed.Objectives and methodsWe aimed to assess the impact of this new module on clinicians’ confidence in managing mental health presentations. Thirty-eight ED doctors and nurses across two centers were asked to complete surveys before and after receiving training.ResultsFollowing training, we found improvements in confidence in each of five domains explored: assessing self-harm; managing someone with personality difficulties; assessing psychotic symptoms; distinguishing between physical and psychotic symptoms; and, managing psychotic symptoms. These improvements were seen for clinicians across both centers.ConclusionsThe results show that training can help to improve confidence around mental health. This is particularly important given that before the training was developed a survey of local ED doctors had shown that 31% felt under-confident in managing mental health conditions. Since developing the training, it has been further enhanced at the request of local EDs to include video-based scenarios. We continue to assess its impact in improving the confidence of ED clinicians (as well as their knowledge, skills and attitudes towards mental health), and ultimately the benefit to patients experiencing mental health crises.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.