bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The importance of ensuring representative sample volumes in microplastic monitoring - A predictive methodology
Authors: Cross R. K. , Roberts S. , Jürgens M. , Johnson A. J. , Davis C. , Gouin T. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

A large body of literature is available quantifying microplastic contamination in freshwater and marine systems across the globe. “Microplastics” do not represent a single analyte. Rather, they are usually operationally defined based on their size, polymer and shape, dependent on the sample collection method and the analytical range of the measurement technique. In the absence of standardised methods, significant variability and uncertainty remains as to how to compare data from different sources and so consider exposure correctly. To examine the issue, a previously compiled database containing 1603 marine observations and 208 freshwater observations of microplastic concentrations from across the globe between 1971 and 2020 was analysed. Reported concentrations span nine orders of magnitude. Investigating the relationship between sampling methods and reported concentrations, a striking correlation between smaller sample unit volumes and higher microplastic concentrations was observed. Many studies scored poorly in quality scoring protocols according to the sample size taken. It is critical that sufficient particles are measured in a sample to reduce the errors from random chance. Given the inverse relationship with particle size and abundance, the volume required for a representative sample should be calculated case-by-case, based on what size microplastics are under investigation and where they are being measured. Here we have developed the Representative Sample Volume Predictor (RSVP) tool, which standardises statistical prediction of sufficient sample volumes to ensure microplastics are detected with a given level of confidence. Reviewing reports in freshwater, we found ~12% of observations reported sample volumes which would have a false negative error rate >5%. Such sample volumes run the risk of wrongly concluding that microplastics are absent in samples and are not sufficient to be quantitative. The RSVP tool also provides a harmonised Poisson point process estimation of confidence intervals to test whether two observations are likely to be significantly different, even in the absence of replication. In this way, we demonstrate application of the tool to evaluate historic data but also to assist in new study designs to ensure that environmental microplastic exposure data is relevant and reliable. It can also be applied to other data for randomly dispersed events in space or time, and so has potential as a transdisciplinary tool.
Steiner 3-Wiener Index of Zigzag Polyhex Nanotubes
Authors: Huilgol Medha Itagi , P H Shobha , H Jayakrishna Udupa , Cangul Ismail Naci 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Let G be a connected graph and S be a k element subset of the vertex set
V(G) of G. Steiner distance is a natural generalization of the usual graph distance. The Steiner-k
distance dG(S) between the vertices of S is the minimum size among all connected subgraphs
whose vertex set contains S. The generalized indices based on Steiner distances have several applications
in the real world. It is a well-known fact that “Steiner Problem” is NP-complete and
hence any parameter based on Steiner distance is also an NP problem.

Objective:
The objective of this work is to determine the Steiner 3-Wiener index for an important
chemical structure called the zigzag polyhex nanotube.

Methods:
In this paper, we present an algorithm for computing the Steiner 3-Wiener index
(SW3) for zigzag polyhex nanotubes. The developed algorithm addresses the complexities associated
with exponential increments in the number of vertices as the nanotube’s circumference or
length expands. The obtained SW3 values for zigzag polyhex nanotubes can be used for Quantitative
Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) and Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship
(QSPR) analyses.

Results:
We have presented an algorithm and listed the numerical values of SW3 for various parameters
of circumference and length of a zigzag polyhex nanotube to facilitate their utilization
in QSAR/ QSPR analyses. We have obtained the time complexity for the algorithm, which
shows that the SW3 values are computationally intensive. To explain this complex nature, we
have used multiple linear regression to fit log SW3 values corresponding to log p and log q, the
radius and length of a nanotube.

Conclusion:
The algorithm addresses the complexities associated with the exponential increase
in vertices as the nanotube’s circumference or length expands. Furthermore, we provide SW3
values for various parameter combinations up to circumference or length 17, and a general relation
to determine the value of SW3, facilitating its utilization in real-world applications. These
values serve as crucial descriptors for understanding the structural nuances of zigzag polyhex
nanotubes, that find applications in material science, drug design, drug discovery, etc.
Local Delivery of Ginger Extract via a Nanofibrous Membrane Suppresses Human Skin Melanoma B16F10 Cells Growth via Targeting Ras/ERK and PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathways: An In vitro Study
Authors: Wei Wenju , Zhang Tianlu , Yuan Bo , Rohani Saeed 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Metastatic melanoma poses a significant threat globally, with a distressingly
low ten-year survival rate of only 10%. While FDA-approved treatments such as dacarbazine
and high-dose IL-2 have been employed in clinical settings, their limitations underscore
the urgent need for more effective therapies.

Aims:
This study aimed to develop a potential anticancer local treatment through the extraction of
various amounts of ginger extract loaded unto Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofibers.

Methods:
The anticancer activity of the produced membranes was studied on human skin melanoma
B16F10 cells. Other in vitro experiments such as cell migration assay, cell proliferation assay,
cell viability assay, scanning electron microscopy assay, real-time PCR assay, and ant-inflammatory
assay were performed for the in vitro characterization of the delivery system. Tissue toxicity of
the developed patches was studied in a rat model.

Results:
The study showed that scaffolds loaded with 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 0% of ginger extract
had around 784.98 ± 202.31 nm, 771.86 ± 219.07 nm, 820.65 ± 242.43 nm, 785.19 ± 203.99 nm,
and 671.29 ± 184.09 nm of mean fiber size, respectively. The ginger extract-loaded membranes
suppressed the growth and migration activity of human skin melanoma B16F10 cells in a dose and
time-dependent manner. Real-time PCR assay showed that the developed membranes modulated
the expression levels of Ras/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Animal study results
showed that our developed patches were not toxic against liver or skin tissues.

Conclusion:
Ginger extract-loaded PVA nanofibers exhibited promising anticancer potential
against melanoma cells, suggesting a viable localized treatment option.
Identification of Potential Drug Targets for Sleep Apnea Through Mendelian Randomization
Authors: deng Sui , Mao Rui , Zhang Hu 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Sleep apnea is a significant health impediment, and it presently lacks efficacious
therapeutic interventions. Thus, it is imperative to discover novel therapeutic targets that
could guide clinical treatment strategies.

Objective:
This study aims to utilize an integrative analytic approach to unearth previously unappreciated
protein-encoding genes implicated in sleep apnea susceptibility.

Methods:
Through the Multi-Marker Analysis of Genomic Annotation (MAGMA), we aligned
Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) summary statistics from Genome-Wide Association
Studies (GWAS) of gene bodies to discern potential risk genes. Following the MAGMA results,
we conducted a round of Transcriptome-Wide Association Studies (TWAS) and Proteome-Wide
Association Studies (PWAS) to expedite the conversion of genetic associations into probable protein
targets. Mendelian Randomization (MR) and co-localization analysis were employed to ascertain
the causal linkage between the candidate target genes and sleep apnea. Finally, a mediation
analysis was undertaken to explore the possible intermediary role of 150 inflammatory metabolites
and 1,124 proteins.

Results:
The MAGNA analysis revealed 2,819 genes in association with sleep apnea. TWAS and
PWAS analyses indicated that cis-regulation of nine particular genes could play a role in sleep apnea
onset via blood protein level alterations. MR and co-localization analyses also suggested a
causal relationship with sleep apnea for three genes (ACADVL, CCDC134, UPP1). Consistent associations
were found between genetically predicted biomarkers and Albumin, HCC-1, N-acetyl
carnosine, and RELT, pointing towards their potential mediating roles in sleep apnea's etiological
pathway.

result:
The MAGNA analysis revealed 2,819 genes in association with sleep apnea. TWAS and PWAS analyses indicated that cis-regulation of nine particular genes could play a role in sleep apnea onset via blood protein level alterations. MR and co-localization analyses also suggested a causal relationship with sleep apnea for three genes (ACADVL, CCDC134, UPP1). Consistent associations were found between genetically predicted biomarkers and Albumin, HCC-1, N-acetylcarnosine, and RELT, pointing towards their potential mediating roles in sleep apnea&#039;s etiological pathway.

Conclusion:
Our findings indicate that ACADVL, CCDC134, and UPP1 genes are potentially significant
targets for further functional investigation and therapeutic interventions for sleep apnea.
Asthma: An Overview of Pathophysiology, Molecular Mechanisms and Combination Therapy
Authors: Sneha S , Singh Ekta 
Published: October 2024

Abstract:
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the respiratory airways that is characterized
by narrowing of airways, wheezing, difficulty in respiration, shortness of breath, stiffness in
the chest region, and sometimes cough. In some cases, mucus secretion is enhanced. Several factors
precipitate asthma. These factors may contribute individually or collectively to the pathophysiology
of asthma. The objective of this review is to compile a detailed description of pathways involved
in asthma. This compilation helps provide a better understanding of the disease. The information
provided in this review may be used for planning a personalized therapy. Besides pathways,
this review includes the current therapy used for asthma management. New combinations
of drugs targeting multiple pathways can be developed to better manage the disease.
Utilizing AspectJ for Defense Against Evasive Malware Attacks in Android System
Authors: Pattani Ketaki , Gautam Sunil , Rashid Mamoon , Zuhair Mohd , Rizvi Ahsan 
Published: October 2024

Introduction:
Mobile devices have become an integral part of our digital lives, facilitating
various tasks and storing a treasure trove of sensitive information. However, as more
people utilize mobile devices, sophisticated cyber threats are emerging to elude traditional security
measures.

Method:
The use of evasion techniques by malicious actors presents a significant challenge to
mobile security, necessitating creative solutions. In this work, we investigate the potential critical
role that the aspect-oriented programming paradigm AspectJ can play in strengthening
mobile security against evasion attempts. Evasion techniques cover a wide range of tactics, including
runtime manipulation, code obfuscation, and unauthorized data access.

Results:
These tactics usually aim to bypass detection and avoid security measures. In order to
address the aforementioned issues, this paper uses AspectJ to give developers a flexible and
dynamic way to add aspects to their coding structures so they can monitor, intercept, and respond
to evasive actions. It illustrates how AspectJ can improve mobile security and counteract
the long-lasting risks that evasion techniques present in a dynamic threat landscape.

Conclusion:
Consequently, this work proposes a novel defense mechanism incorporating AspectJ
into a significant paradigm of security against evasion with 91.33% accuracy and demonstrates
the successful detection of evasive attacks.
Effectiveness and Tolerability of Various 5-Fluorouracil Formulations as Adjuvant Therapies for Vitiligo Management: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kohaf Neveen A. , Sarsik Sameh M. , Salman Samar , Amin Omnya M. 
Published: October 2024

Background:
All vitiligo treatments are restricted, and no known treatment reliably produces
repigmentation. In this study, we investigated the efficacy and safety of 5-Fluorouracil (5FU)
as adjuvant therapy in treating vitiligo.

Method:
Using five significant databases, an electronic systematic search of the literature was conducted.
Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs) that investigated 5FU for treating vitiligo in humans
were selected for a meta-analysis and systematic review. This study was conducted by following
PROSPERO (CRD42022345736).

Results:
A total of 10 studies involving 302 patients were included in our systematic review. The
meta-analysis of eight studies revealed that the combination of 5FU with microneedling showed a
statistically significant superior effect in comparison with other treatment modalities in
ing >75% repigmentation (OR= 4.47; 95%CI= (2.39, 8.35), P < 0.00001). 5FU with microneedling
versus microneedling alone showed higher efficacy of 5FU with statistically significant results
(OR= 4.22; 95%CI= (1.55, 11.44), P= 0.005). Regarding the influence of different formulations of
5FU, the meta-regression revealed that the highest efficacy was achieved when microneedling was
combined with liposomal formulations. There were not any reported severe side effects related to
5FU.

Conclusion:
5FU as an adjuvant treatment for vitiligo was found to be more effective in achieving
≥75% repigmentation rates.
Kajian kimia hijau terkait etika kimia berdasarkan fenomena kehidupan pondok: Sisa makanan santri
Authors: Bowo Bowo 
Published: October 2024

Green Chemistry, juga dikenal sebagai kimia hijau, adalah suatu pendekatan ilmu kimia yang bertujuan untuk merancang, mengembangkan, dan menerapkan proses kimia dan produk kimia yang ramah lingkungan dan berkelanjutan. Serangkaian prinsip dan aturan yang dikenal sebagai "etika kimia hijau" mengatur bagaimana manusia berperilaku sehari-hari dalam kajian kimia hijau. Kategori ini mencakup topik seperti tanggung jawab sosial, etika pertimbangan, dan bagaimana mereka harus berperilaku saat melakukan segala sesuatu dengan mempertimbangkan prinsip kimia hijau. Kajian kimia hijau ini menjadi salah satu materi kimia di kelas X SMA pada implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka. Kehidupan di asrama atau pondok sering kali melibatkan banyak orang yang tinggal bersama dan berbagi fasilitas. Santri atau siswa menjadi bagian terpenting dalam kehidupan pondok. Sisa makanan santri menjadi hal yang unik untuk dikaji dari sisi etika kimia hijau. Penting untuk digali dan dianalisis etika kimia hijau dari para santri terkait fenomena sisa makanan di kehidupan pondok. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Partisipan penelitian ini adalah seluruh santri kelas X sebuah MA Mu’allimin Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta yang telah diajarkan materi kimia hijau. Secara acak dari santri kelas X diamati perilakunya dalam hal berkaitan makan siang di asrama. Kajian tentang pandangan santri terhadap nasi dan lauk sisa makan mereka diamati. Dengan bekal pengetahuan akan konsep kimia hijau, sebagian dari santri sudah menerapkan dan sebagian lain masih belum jelas memunculkan perilaku dan sikap dari konsep kimia hijau dalam masalah sisa makanan santri. Beberapa konsep dari kimia hijau merupakan etika untuk memunculkan pembangunan yang berkelanjutan. Santri sudah tahu dan paham akan konsep tersebut, tetapi untuk mengaplikasikannya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari membutuhkan pembiasaan. Hal ini dapat dijadikan sebagai indikator keberhasilan dalam implementasi kurikulum merdeka di pendidikan madrasah.
Personal Branding Brigadir Agus Kurniawan untuk Meningkatkan Citra Polisi Melalui Aplikasi Tiktok
Authors: Fitriyani Ririn Desi , Rusdiana Joni 
Published: October 2024

In recent years, the image of the police has declined with various cases involving the names of POLRI members, this will of course have an impact on the level of public trust in the POLRI itself. However, this is in contrast to what Brigadier Agus Kurniawan, a Bhabinkamtibnas officer in Jeron Village, Boyolali Regency, did. He provides creative services and is named Kopi Curhat Pak Bhabin which is uploaded via the tiktok account @kopi_curhat_pakbhabin. This research aims to find out what kind of personal branding you want to show to the public. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with personal branding theory. With the conclusion that the personal branding shown is in accordance with Rampersad & Montoya’s 11 personal branding criteria, namely; Authenticity, Integrity, Consistency, Specialization, Authority, Distintiveness, Relevant, Visibility, Persistence, Goodwill, and Performance. The personal branding efforts carried out by Brigadier Agus Kurniawan through Tiktok indirectly improved the image of the police in the eyes of the public.
Strategi Komunikasi Pekerja Migran Indonesia dalam Mengatasi Culture Shock Selama Bekerja di Jepang
Authors: Athallah Moch. Ahdan , Dharma Ferry Adhi 
Published: October 2024

This study aims to understand the communication strategies of Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) in overcoming culture shock while working in Japan. The research utilizes Anxiety Uncertainty Management Theory (AUM Theory) developed by Gudykunst to explain how PMI manage uncertainty and anxiety in cross-cultural communication. The AUM theory is elaborated with the concept of ABC's of Culture Shock by Ward Bochner and Furham to gain a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between cross-cultural communication and culture shock. The research method used is phenomenology. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with six PMI informants who have been working for at least two years in various companies in Japan. The results of the study show that PMI experience various forms of anxiety, including language anxiety, habit-related anxiety, and mindset-related anxiety. Workers manage this anxiety through three strategies: active, passive, and interactive. The active strategy involves continuously adapting to and appreciating Japanese culture. Firstly, the active strategy means that PMI actively seek information about Japanese culture through social media and study it. Secondly, the passive strategy involves self-motivation by understanding that the cultural surprises experienced are a consequence of their work. Lastly, the interactive strategy involves efforts to improve intercultural communication skills by joining Indonesian expatriate communities in Japan and being open to new values encountered while working in Japan.
Recensiones
Authors: Varios Autores 
Published: October 2024

Emilio Suárez, Miriam Blanco, Eleni Chronopoulou & Isabel Canzobre (Eds.), Magikè Tèchne. Formación y consideración social del mago en el MundoAntiguo, Madrid, Agorà & Co., 2017, X+221 pp. (Marcello Tozza) Claudio De Stefani (Ed.), Ps.-Manethonis Apotelesmatica. Einleitung, Text, Appendices, Wiesbaden, Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, 2017, (Serta Graeca. Beiträgezur Erforschung griechischer Texte, vol. 33), 304 pp. (Stephan Heilen)Wolfgang Hübner, Athena am Sternhimmel bei Proklos. Astrologie im Dienste neuplatonischer Philosophie, (Sitzungsbericht der Bayerischen Akademie derWissenschaften 1/2017), München, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2017, 56 p. mit Illustrationen. (Mariangela Monaca & Mauro Mormino)Yulia Ustinova, Divine Mania: Alteration of Consciousness in Ancient Greece, New York, Routledge, 2017, 395 pp. (Flor Herrero Valdés)Antón Alvar Nuño, Cadenas invisibles. Los usos de la magia entre los esclavos en el Imperio romano, Besançon, Presses Universitaires de Franche-Comté,2017, 219 pp. + 3 tablas (Clelia Martínez Maza)
Fibroblast activation protein inhibitor PET/CT as an emerging diagnostic modality in interstitial lung disease and other fibrotic conditions
Authors: Albu Mihai Tudor , Matei Alexandru-Emil , Distler Jörg H. W. , Giesel Frederik L. , Mori Yuriko 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) encompass a wide range of disorders characterized by alveolar inflammation and fibrotic tissue remodeling, marked by significant morbidity and mortality. Systemic sclerosis (SSc), among other connective tissue diseases, is a frequent cause of ILD. Assessment of pulmonary fibrosis is frequently constrained by the delayed manifestations of profibrotic activation of fibroblasts, which results in late macroscopic alterations detectable by standard imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. 68Ga-labeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitors (68Ga-FAPI [fibroblast activation protein inhibitor]) are novel radionuclides used in the selective positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) detection of profibrotic fibroblasts, a key player in fibrotic tissue remodeling. Application of 68Ga-FAPI in different target organs undergoing fibrosis, such as lung and heart, highlights its efficacy in detecting ongoing fibrotic processes, since FAPI tracer uptake has been correlated with clinical disease progression markers in SSc-ILD. This feature could enable physicians to detect subclinical fibrotic activity and tailor an individualised therapy plan on a case by case basis. The use of 68Ga-FAPI in ILD and other fibrotic conditions may emerge as a novel tool in future clinical practice for both activity monitoring and treatment optimisation. Other tracers tested in ILD of different etiologies have shown promising results and may in future also be considered for potential application in SSc-ILD.
Systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease: How to manage in 2024?
Authors: Bautista-Sanchez Rocio , Khanna Dinesh 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) or scleroderma is an autoimmune disease characterized by immune dysregulation which leads to progressive fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is present in approximately 65% of patients with SSc and it accounts for approximately 40% of all SSc deaths. Risk factors associated with the development of systemic sclerosis related interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) include male sex, African heritage, high modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS), presence of anti-Scl-70/Topoisomerase I antibodies, and nucleolar pattern on antinuclear antibody (ANA). The primary tool to diagnose ILD in patients with SSc is high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). Full pulmonary function tests (PFTs) with diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLco) and ambulatory desaturation testing should be obtained following the diagnosis of SSc-ILD for disease monitoring.
The purpose of this review is to provide an updated guide for the management of SSc-ILD. Our proposed first line treatment for SSc-ILD is immunosuppressive therapy such as mycophenolate mofetil, tocilizumab, and rituximab which are discussed in depth, and we present the evidence-based data that has justified the use of these pharmacotherapies. Other immunosuppressive treatments are also reviewed, and we discuss the role of antifibrotic therapy. Finally, we dive into other avenues of treatments such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplant.