bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Institutional Constraints to Collaborative Ecosystem Management within a Wetlands Conservation Partnership
Authors: Behnken Jennifer A. , Groninger John W. , Akamani Kofi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractRecent decades have seen an evolution in resource management paradigms from the multiple use and sustained yield toward ecosystem management. This ongoing paradigm shift has generated interest in collaborative decision‐making as a more promising alternative to conventional top down institutions. While a collaborative approach to ecosystem management promises several benefits, including equity, efficiency, and sustainability, institutional constraints often impede the success of these initiatives. Using the Cache River Joint Venture Partnership in southern Illinois, USA as a case study, this study employed a qualitative research approach to understand how various institutional attributes influence prospects for conflict and cooperation in collaborative decision‐making processes. We found that stakeholder motivation and capacity for cooperation with other partners in ecosystem management can be enabled or constrained by several institutional factors, including external policy and regulatory mandates, internal administrative and budget structures, institutional cultures, and approaches to science and decision‐making criteria. We conclude with a suggestion that stakeholders in collaborative ecosystem management partnerships identify and address constraints for cooperative action during the early stages of the process.
Irrigation Technology Choice as Adaptation to Climate Change in the Western United States
Authors: Frisvold George , Bai Ting 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSeveral commentators have suggested adoption of improved irrigation will be important for agricultural adaptation to climate change. This study used data from a special tabulation of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Farm and Ranch Irrigation Survey to examine how climate and other factors influence the choice of sprinkler versus gravity‐flow irrigation across 17 western states. Because studies of irrigation technology adoption often concentrate on small geographic areas with the same climate, few have estimated effects of climate on irrigation technology choice. Results suggest sprinkler irrigation is a more promising climate adaptation in areas that are relatively cooler and where extreme precipitation events increase. Sprinkler adoption is less likely in warmer climates and under drier climate change scenarios. An implication is that for hot, arid parts of the West, other climate adaptation strategies may be more important to pursue. Consistent with several previous studies, sprinkler adoption was greater among farms that were larger, had higher water costs, and relied more on groundwater. Sprinkler adoption was also greater in states with a higher erosion index that captured effects of rainfall, field slope, and soil water‐holding capacity, which also have been found to be important adoption predictors in a number of previous studies.
Water and Society: Interdisciplinary Education in Natural Resources
Authors: Kulcsar Laszlo J. , Aistrup Joseph A. , Bulatewicz Thomas , Peterson Jeffrey M. , Welch Stephen M. , Steward David R. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractNatural resource management and education must account for both the natural and human components of a complex system, yet examples of such interdisciplinary approaches are still relatively rare, especially in education. This study discusses a graduate seminar on water management, developed from an interdisciplinary National Science Foundation (NSF) grant. The seminar applied constructivist pedagogy which is not only best suited for interdisciplinary work, but also allows flexibility to redesign the course components and deliverables after each evaluation cycle. While the seminar was a successful experiment, several challenges remain when implementing such courses. These challenges include not only the organization and assessment of course deliverables, but also fitting such courses into the administrative structure of the university when represented disciplines are located in several colleges across campus.
Phylogeography of a freshwater crustacean species complex reflects a long‐gone archipelago
Authors: Copilaş‐Ciocianu Denis , Petrusek Adam 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimThe Carpathian Mountains are an important European biodiversity hotspot and are characterized by a dynamic geological history. Their freshwater amphipod fauna is ubiquitous and diverse, consisting of micro‐endemic lineages that apparently reflect historical geological events. In this study, we propose that the complementary distribution of two widespread morphotypes belonging to the Gammarus balcanicus species complex reflects two chronologically distinct uplift episodes of the Carpathian Archipelago during the Miocene.LocationSoutheastern Europe.MethodsWe sequenced two mitochondrial (COI and 16S) and three nuclear (28S, 18S and EF1α) markers from 68 localities (n = 171) across the Carpathian Arc. Distance and phylogenetic‐based methods were used to quantify cryptic diversity from the mitochondrial markers. We examined phylogenetic relationships, estimated divergence times and reconstructed ancestral geographical distributions of the Carpathian lineages within a wider geographical and phylogenetic context.ResultsOur results revealed that one morphotype, Gammarus cf. balcanicus, is a highly diverse and polyphyletic entity (consisting of at least 20 cryptic lineages), mostly inhabiting the areas corresponding to old Carpathian palaeo‐islands. We estimated that this morphotype originated and diversified on this archipelago throughout the Miocene. In contrast, a distinct morph, previously described as G. balcanicus dacicus (elevated here to species rank as G. dacicus [new status]), is monophyletic and comprises only two lineages that likely originated and diversified on younger landmasses at the onset of the Late Miocene. Furthermore, it appears that the Pleistocene glaciations did not have a significant effect on the observed distribution and diversity patterns. Each cryptic lineage detected by mitochondrial markers was also supported by at least one nuclear marker.Main conclusionsThe different timings of landmass uplifts of the Carpathian palaeo‐archipelago seem to have played a central role in the evolution and diversification of local lineages of the G. balcanicus species complex. This indicates that the genetic legacy of long‐gone archipelagos can persist for millions of years in contemporaneous continental biotas.
European consensus‐based (S2k) Guideline on the Management of Herpes Zoster – guided by the European Dermatology Forum (EDF) in cooperation with the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV), Part 2: Treatment
Authors: Werner R.N. , Nikkels A.F. , Marinović B. , Schäfer M. , Czarnecka‐Operacz M. , Agius A.M. , Bata‐Csörgő Z. , Breuer J. , Girolomoni G. , Gross G.E. , Langan S. , Lapid‐Gortzak R. , Lesser T.H. , Pleyer U. , Sellner J. , Verjans G.M. , Wutzler P. , Dressler C. , Erdmann R. , Rosumeck S. , Nast A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHerpes zoster (HZ, shingles) is a frequent medical condition which may severely impact the quality of life of affected patients. Different therapeutic approaches to treat acute HZ are available. The aim of this European project was the elaboration of a consensus‐based guideline on the management of patients who present with HZ, considering different patient populations and different localizations. This interdisciplinary guideline aims at an improvement of the outcomes of the acute HZ management concerning disease duration, acute pain and quality of life of the affected patients and at a reduction in the incidence of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) and other complications. The guideline development followed a structured and pre‐defined process, considering the quality criteria for guidelines development as suggested by the AGREE II instrument. The steering group was responsible for the planning and the organization of the guideline development process (Division of Evidence‐Based Medicine, dEBM). The expert panel was nominated by virtue of clinical expertise and/or scientific experience and included experts from the fields of dermatology, virology/infectiology, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, neurology and anaesthesiology. Recommendations for clinical practice were formally consented during the consensus conference, explicitly considering different relevant aspects. The guideline was approved by the commissioning societies after an extensive internal and external review process. In this second part of the guideline, therapeutic interventions have been evaluated. The expert panel formally consented recommendations for the treatment of patients with HZ (antiviral medication, pain management, local therapy), considering various clinical situations. Users of the guideline must carefully check whether the recommendations are appropriate for the context of intended application. In the setting of an international guideline, it is generally important to consider different national approaches and legal circumstances with regard to the regulatory approval, availability and reimbursement of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.
Ambiguous Loss and Emotional Recovery After Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Kreutzer Jeffrey S. , Mills Ana , Marwitz Jennifer H. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is highly prevalent, with many survivors experiencing long‐term disability as a consequence of cognitive impairments, adverse personality changes, and emotional and communication difficulties. Because family members most often assume the long‐term role of caregiver, their feelings, relationships, and life plans are often negatively affected. Boss has defined a type of ambiguous loss in which the person is physically present but psychologically absent, which is the case for many families after brain injury. Over the past 2 decades we have developed interventions incorporating ambiguous loss theory to enhance resilience and improve psychological outcomes in families after TBI. This article provides a brief overview of TBI, discusses ambiguous loss in families after TBI, and describes the therapeutic goals and framework of empirically supported family interventions using the lens of ambiguous loss theory.
Viral eradication reduces all‐cause mortality, including non–liver‐related disease, in patients with progressive hepatitis C virus‐related fibrosis
Authors: Tada Toshifumi , Kumada Takashi , Toyoda Hidenori , Kiriyama Seiki , Tanikawa Makoto , Hisanaga Yasuhiro , Kanamori Akira , Kitabatake Shusuke , Yama Tsuyoki , Tanaka Junko 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackground and AimEradication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) with interferon (IFN)‐based therapy has been reported to reduce all‐cause mortality in patients with chronic HCV infection. However, the impact of HCV eradication on non–liver‐related mortality and causes of death has not been sufficiently investigated in patients with progressive HCV‐related fibrosis.MethodsWe enrolled 784 chronic HCV patients with progressive liver fibrosis (aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index >1). Cause of death, incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma, and all‐cause mortality including non–liver‐related mortality were analyzed.ResultsOf these 784 patients, 170 achieved sustained virological response (SVR) (eradication of HCV) with IFN‐based therapy (IFN‐SVR), and 614 did not receive IFN‐based therapy (non‐IFN patients, chronic HCV infection). The median follow‐up duration was 10.3 years. Two hundred seventy‐three patients died during follow‐up (liver‐related death, n = 171; non–liver‐related death, n = 102). The mortality rate from non–liver‐related disease was 63.6% (7/11) in IFN‐SVR patients and 36.3% (95/262) in non‐IFN patients, respectively. In multivariate analysis, the eradication of HCV associated with not only hepatocellular carcinoma incidence (hazard ratio (HR), 0.162; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.092–0.284), and all‐cause mortality (HR, 0.094; 95% CI, 0.047–0.187), but non–liver‐related mortality (HR, 0.286; 95% CI, 0.127–0.644) as well.ConclusionsEradication of HCV reduced both liver‐related and non–liver‐related mortality in patients with progressive HCV‐related fibrosis.
Reductions in the mitochondrial enzyme α‐ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex in neurodegenerative disease – beneficial or detrimental?
Authors: Chen Huanlian , Denton Travis T. , Xu Hui , Calingasan Noel , Beal M. Flint , Gibson Gary E. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractReductions in metabolism and excess oxidative stress are prevalent in multiple neurodegenerative diseases. The activity of the mitochondrial enzyme α‐ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (KGDHC) appears central to these abnormalities. KGDHC is diminished in multiple neurodegenerative diseases. KGDHC can not only be rate limiting for NADH production and for substrate level phosphorylation, but is also a source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The goal of these studies was to determine how changes in KGDHC modify baseline ROS, the ability to buffer ROS, baseline glutathionylation, calcium modulation and cell death in response to external oxidants. In vivo, reducing KGDHC with adeno virus diminished neurogenesis and increased oxidative stress. In vitro, treatments of short duration increased ROS and glutathionylation and enhanced the ability of the cells to diminish the ROS from added oxidants. However, long‐term reductions lessened the ability to diminish ROS, diminished glutathionylation and exaggerated oxidant‐induced changes in calcium and cell death. Increasing KGDHC enhanced the ability of the cells to diminish externally added ROS and protected against oxidant‐induced changes in calcium and cell death. The results suggest that brief periods of diminished KGDHC are protective, while prolonged reductions are harmful. Furthermore, elevated KGDHC activities are protective. Thus, mitogenic therapies that increase KGDHC may be beneficial in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Ocular topotecan pharmacokinetics following topical administration to rabbits for diffused anterior retinoblastoma
Authors: Taich Paula , Del Sole Maria , Buontempo Fabian , Williams Gustavo , Winter Ursula , Sgroi Mariana , Chantada Guillermo , Schaiquevich Paula 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Objectives
We characterized and compared the in-vivo absorption of topotecan into the aqueous humor after instillation of aqueous and ointment formulations.

Methods
A lanolin/petrolatum ointment was used. New Zealand rabbits were instilled with topotecan solution (6 μg, group A), a single 10 μg dose of topotecan ointment (group B) or with five 10 μg doses of topotecan ointment (group C). Aqueous humor samples were collected at different times. Corneal samples were collected only for group A. Topotecan was quantified using HPLC, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Acute corneal epithelial toxicity was assessed after multiple instillations of topotecan ointment.

Key findings
Total topotecan maximum aqueous humor concentration (Cmax) was 16.1, 69.9 and 287 ng/ml in group A, B and C, respectively. A single dose of topotecan ointment increased threefold and sevenfold the aqueous humor Cmax, and exposure compared to the aqueous formulation. Aqueous humor concentrations from group C eyes were substantially above the cytotoxic concentration for retinoblastoma cells. No corneal toxicity was evident after ointment instillation.

Conclusions
Topotecan penetrated into the aqueous humor of the rabbit eye after multiple doses of an ointment in concentrations pharmacologically active against retinoblastoma cells without eliciting acute toxicity. Topotecan ointment may translate to the clinical treatment of anterior segment disseminated retinoblastoma.
Diversity of faunal assemblages associated with ribbed mussel beds along the South American coast: relative roles of biogeography and bioengineering
Authors: Sepúlveda Roger D. , Camus Patricio A. , Moreno Carlos A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBenthic organisms are among the most diverse and abundant in the marine realm, and some species are a key factor in studies related to bioengineering. However, their importance has not been well noted in biogeographic studies. Macrofaunal assemblages associated with subtidal beds of the ribbed mussel (Aulacomya atra) along South America were studied to assess the relationship between their diversity patterns and the proposed biogeographic provinces in the Southeastern Pacific and Southwestern Atlantic Oceans. Samples from ribbed mussel beds were obtained from 10 sites distributed from the Peruvian coast (17°S) to the Argentinean coast (41°S). The sampling included eight beds in the Pacific and two in the Atlantic and the collections were carried out using five 0.04 m2 quadrants per site. Faunal assemblages were assessed through classification analyses using binary and log‐transformed abundance data. Variation in the size and density of mussels, and in the species richness, abundance and structure of their faunal assemblages were tested using a permutational multivariate analysis of variance. Faunal assemblages showed a north–south latitudinal gradient along both the Pacific and Atlantic coasts. Binary and abundance data showed a difference in the resulting clustering arrangement of Pacific sites between 40°S and 44°S, indicating a pattern of continuity in the species distribution associated with biological substrates. At a regional scale, the distribution of species along the South American coast matched the general provincial pattern shown by prior studies, which show two biogeographic units on the Pacific coast separated by an intermediate (probably transitional) zone and a single province on the Atlantic coast extending up to Northern Argentina. Biological substrates such as ribbed mussel beds play an important ecological role by making a similar habitat type available on a large scale for a variety of invertebrate species. Despite such habitat homogeneity, however, the associated fauna exhibit marked distribution breaks, suggesting strong constraints on dispersal. This therefore suggests that macrofaunal assemblages could possibly be used as biogeographic indicators.
Closely related thyasirid bivalves associate with multiple symbiont phylotypes
Authors: Batstone Rebecca T. , Dufour Suzanne C. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSpecies of thyasirid bivalves are considered to be representative of early stages of chemosymbiosis, given that bacterial symbionts occur outside gill epithelial cells, vary among species in their abundance and nutritional importance, and are environmentally acquired. For these reasons, assessing the extent of host–symbiont specificity in thyasirids could provide valuable information on the evolution of chemosymbiosis. We show that individuals of two closely related and sympatric Thyasira cf. gouldi operational taxonomic units collected from three sites in a fjord in Newfoundland, Canada, associate with one of three distinct, closely related symbiont phylotypes. While associations show some site‐specificity, there is flexibility in host–symbiont pairings within the fjord, further supporting an early and relatively unspecific stage of chemosymbiosis in this family. Morphologic differences observed both within and among symbiont phylotypes suggest physiologic variation, possibly induced by small‐scale differences in sedimentary conditions.
Towards a standard measure of sea anemone size: assessing the accuracy and precision of morphological measures for cantilever‐like animals
Authors: Angeli Andréa , Zara Fernando J. , Turra Alexander , Gorman Daniel 
Published: August 2016

AbstractOur capacity to detect and interrogate patterns in nature depends on the use of standard methods for measuring biological units. Consensus methods to quantify the size of individual animals and characteristics of biological communities are critical for comparisons across time and space. Nowhere is this more important than when dealing with organisms such as sea anemones that display high plasticity in body shape. Despite the need for accurate measures of anemone size for ecological comparisons, there is little consensus on the accuracy and precision of size inferences for these animals. We assessed several morphological parameters to determine which in‐field measure accurately and reliably reflects the reference size of an anemone measured in the laboratory: (i) column height, (ii) column diameter, (iii) limbus diameter, (iv) pedal disc diameter, (v) pedal disc area or (vi) pedal disc perimeter. The results revealed large variability in the accuracy and precision amongst measures, which have implications for their suitability as a standard method for in situ measurements. In general, measures of diameter were preferable to those of height, area and perimeter; and those associated with attachment (i.e. the limbus and pedal disc diameter) performed the best. Overall, considering concurrence with measures obtained from two differing but useful reference states, pedal disc diameter was the most accurate parameter (mean percentage difference = 0.6) with which to estimate the size of sea anemones in the field, and we thus recommend its use as an effective, non‐destructive means of gaining insights into their behavioural and evolutionary ecology.
Metaphysical Materials: Schoenberg in Our Time
Authors: Whittall Arnold 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTTwo Critical Forum contributions toMusic Analysisin 2015 testified to the continuing scholarly concern with Schoenberg's musical thinking, and particularly with the possible connections and disconnections between tonality and the twelve‐note method. This response revisits the materials surveyed in 2015 and adds further references in order to underline the special circumstances of Schoenberg's move from Europe to North America, the profound tensions of a career divided between teaching and composing, and the consequences of not separating thinking about music from thinking about religion – the material from the metaphysical.
Proton pump inhibitor monotherapy and the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with gastro‐esophageal reflux disease: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Sun S. , Cui Z. , Zhou M. , Li R. , Li H. , Zhang S. , Ba Y. , Cheng G. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackground and PurposeProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly used as potent gastric acid secretion antagonists for gastro‐esophageal disorders and their overall safety in patients with gastro‐esophageal reflux disease (GERD) is considered to be good and they are well‐tolerated. However, recent studies have suggested that PPIs may be a potential independent risk factor for cardiovascular adverse events. The aim of our meta‐analysis was to examine the association between PPI monotherapy and cardiovascular events in patients with GERD.MethodsA literature search involved examination of relevant databases up to July 2015 including PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and ClinicalTrial.gov, as well as selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting cardiovascular events with PPI exposure in GERD patients. In addition, the pooled risk ratio (RR) and heterogeneity were assessed based on a fixed effects model of the meta‐analysis and the I2 statistic, respectively.Key ResultsSeventeen RCTs covering 7540 patients were selected. The pooled data suggested that the use of PPIs was associated with a 70% increased cardiovascular risk (RR=1.70, 95% CI: [1.13–2.56], P=.01, I2=0%). Furthermore, higher risks of adverse cardiovascular events in the omeprazole subgroup (RR=3.17, 95% CI: [1.43–7.03], P=.004, I2=25%) and long‐term treatment subgroup (RR=2.33, 95% CI: [1.33–4.08], P=.003, I2=0%) were found.Conclusion & InferencesPPI monotherapy can be a risk factor for cardiovascular adverse events. Omeprazole could significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular events and, so, should be used carefully.