bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Financialization, water governance, and uneven development
Authors: Ahlers Rhodante , Merme Vincent 
Published: July 2016

Mainstream global actors in the water sector argue that the key to long‐term water security is to accelerate the development of water infrastructure for which new financial sources are sorely needed. The return of large infrastructural solutions to water management is attracting nontraditional water investors such as private equity and institutional investors seeking to diversify their portfolio assets. Recent research into how such an investment is a hedging option for corporate water industry actors or an investment vehicle for institutional investors raises questions about ownership, control, distribution, and affordability of water as well as the long‐run consequences for operation and maintenance of infrastructure. We identify a number of key questions that the water sector needs to resolve before contemplating the alluring easy money that new financial sources appear to offer. The nature and scale of financialization make it a deeply undemocratic process with potentially highly uneven impacts on social‐ecological landscapes. WIREs Water 2016, 3:766–774. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1166This article is categorized under:

Engineering Water > Planning Water
Human Water > Rights to Water
Human Water > Water Governance
Improving Risk Adjustment Above Current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Methodology Using Electronically Available Comorbid Conditions
Authors: Jackson Sarah S. , Leekha Surbhi , Pineles Lisa , Magder Laurence S. , Thom Kerri A. , Wang Yuan , Harris Anthony D. 
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVETo identify comorbid conditions associated with surgical site infection (SSI) among patients undergoing renal transplantation and improve existing risk adjustment methodology used by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN).PATIENTSPatients (≥18 years) who underwent renal transplantation at University of Maryland Medical Center January 1, 2010-December 31, 2011.METHODSTrained infection preventionists reviewed medical records to identify surgical site infections that developed within 30 days after transplantation, using NHSN criteria. Patient demographic characteristics and risk factors for surgical site infections were identified through a central data repository. International Statistical Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes were used to analyze individual component comorbid conditions and calculate the Charlson and Elixhauser comorbidity indices. These indices were compared with the current NHSN risk adjustment methodology.RESULTSA total of 441 patients were included in the final cohort. In bivariate analysis, the Charlson components of cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, and rheumatologic disorders and Elixhauser components of obesity, rheumatoid arthritis, and weight loss were significantly associated with the outcome. A model utilizing the variables from the NHSN methodology had a c-statistic of 0.56 (95% CI, 0.48–0.63), whereas a model that also included comorbidities from the Charlson and Elixhauser indices had a c-statistic of 0.65 (95% CI, 0.58–0.73). The model with all 3 risk adjustment scores performed best and was statistically different from the NHSN model alone, demonstrated by improvement in the c statistic (0.65 vs 0.56).CONCLUSIONRisk adjustment models should incorporate electronically available comorbid conditions.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;1–6
Attitude Dynamics and Control of Liquid Filled Spacecraft with Large Amplitude Fuel Slosh
Authors: Deng M.-L. , Yue B.-Z. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper focuses on the attitude dynamics and control of liquid filled spacecraft, and the large amplitude fuel slosh dynamics is included by using an improved moving pulsating ball model. The moving pulsating ball model is an equivalent mechanical model that is capable of imitating the whole liquid reorientation process, specifically for the occurrence of large amplitude slosh. This model is improved by incorporating a static capillary force and an effective mass factor. The improvements on this model are validated with previously published experiment results. The spacecraft attitude maneuver is implemented by the momentum transfer technique, and the feedback control strategy is designed based on Lyapunov theory. The effects of liquid viscosity, tank location and desired steady time on sloshing torque and control torque are investigated. The attitude control strategy applied in this paper is proved to be applicable for the coupled liquid filled spacecraft system. The obtained conclusions are useful to aid in liquid filled spacecraft overall design.
Online processing of Verb–Argument Constructions: lexical decision and meaningfulness
Authors: ELLIS NICK C. 
Published: July 2016

abstractThis paper discusses how patterns of construction usage, implicitly learned over lifelong experience, tune the language processing system for fluent interactive lexical, syntactic, and semantic access. It reports on three experiments that investigate online processing of Verb–Argument Constructions (VACs) and the degree to which this is effected by (i) verb frequency in the language, (ii) verb frequency in the VAC, (iii) VAC-verb contingency, and (iv) verb prototypicality in terms of centrality within the VAC semantic network. Experiment 1 tested lexical decision of VAC exemplars presented as successive verb–preposition pairs. Experiment 2 tested lexical decision of VAC exemplars presented as arbitrarily interrupted verb–adverb–preposition pairs. Experiment 3 had participants judge whether two-word utterances were meaningful or not. All of the experiments show effects of Verb Frequency and Verb-VAC frequency: learners have rich implicit statistical knowledge of verb-VAC type–token frequency that guides processing. Lexical decision is additionally driven by semantic prototypicality (but not VAC-verb contingency ΔPcw), whereas meaning judgment is affected by VAC-verb contingency ΔPcw (but not semantic prototypicality). These findings, I argue, index the spreading activation of unconscious meaning representation in lexical decision in comparison to the election of a unitary interpretation in conscious comprehension. I conclude that speeded automatic VAC processing involves rich associations, tuned by verb type and token frequencies, their contingencies of usage, and their histories of prototypical and specific interpretations which interface syntax, lexis, and semantics.
Extremely low birth weight babies grown up: Gene–environment interaction predicts internalizing problems in the third and fourth decades of life
Authors: Lahat Ayelet , van Lieshout Ryan J. , Mathewson Karen J. , Mackillop James , Saigal Saroj , Morrison Katherine M. , Boyle Michael H. , Schmidt Louis A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractExtremely low birth weight (ELBW; <1000 g) infants have been exposed to stressful intrauterine and early postnatal environments. Even greater early adversity has been experienced by ELBW survivors who were also born small for gestational age (SGA; <10th percentile for GA) compared to those born appropriate for GA (AGA). ELBW survivors, particularly those born SGA, face increased risk for internalizing problems compared to normal BW (NBW; ≥2500 g) controls. Internalizing problems are related to allelic variations in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region gene (5-HTTLPR). We followed the oldest longitudinal cohort of ELBW survivors to adulthood. Participants provided buccal cells and reported on internalizing problems, using the Young Adult Self-Report when they were in their mid-20s (ELBW/SGA, N = 28; ELBW/AGA, N = 60; NBW, N = 81) and mid-30s (ELBW/SGA, N = 27; ELBW/AGA, N = 58; NBW, N = 76). The findings indicate that ELBW/SGAs carrying the 5-HTTLPR short allele reported increased internalizing problems, particularly depression, during the third and fourth decades of life. This is the first known report on gene–environment interactions predicting psychopathology among ELBW survivors. Our findings elucidate putative neurobiological pathways that underlie risk for psychopathology.
(Un)Conventional Wisdom and Presidential Politics: The Myth of Convention Locations and Favorite-Son Vice Presidents
Authors: Schultz David 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTConventional wisdom pervades presidential politics, and there is no doubt that this will again be true in 2016. First among “old politicians’ tales” is that a political party’s placement of a national convention in a specific state can affect presidential voting there, swinging or flipping it to its presidential candidate. Second, the selection of a vice-presidential candidate as a favorite son (or daughter) will deliver a state’s electoral votes to a presidential ticket. Is either of these pearls of wisdom true? This article tests the truth of both the convention location and favorite-son claims and finds little evidence of their efficacy.
Perceptions of Threat to Religious Liberty
Authors: Goidel Kirby , Smentkowski Brian , Freeman Craig 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTReligious freedom in the United States is widely enjoyed and vigorously protected. Yet, a substantial percentage of Americans believe that their religious liberties are threatened. This article investigates the origins of these perceptions, focusing on the role of political orientations, religious identities and behaviors, social issues (i.e., gay marriage and abortion), and news attentiveness. We found that perceptions of threat are related to political orientations (i.e., partisan affiliation, ideology, and Tea Party identification) and issue positions (i.e., opposition to gay marriage). Consistent with theories of elite cue-taking, the effects of partisan affiliation are contingent on news attentiveness. Republicans who pay closer attention to the news are more likely to state that their religious liberties are threatened.
The psychosocial needs of students conducting research with patients and their families in advanced cancer and palliative care: A scoping review
Authors: Penner Jamie L. , Stevenson Moire , Parmar Monica P. , Bélanger Emmanuelle 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjective:The objective of this article was to explore the extent of the scientific literature and evidence base about the psychosocial needs of students conducting research in the fields of advanced cancer and palliative care.Method:A scoping review was conducted in major scientific databases. English-language articles on the topic of interest were retained if they were published in peer-reviewed journals between 1995 and 2013.Results:A total of 3,161 references were screened, and 7 were retained for analysis. Only two articles were empirical studies involving the collection of primary empirical data. The remaining ones were commentaries and personal reflections. While there is a near absence of empirical research about the psychosocial needs of students, several commentaries suggest that students in this field have a high need for support. Three themes were identified in the limited literature retrieved: (1) the importance of proper training and supervision; (2) the availability of emotional support structures; and (3) the use of effective and deliberate self-care strategies.Significance of results:This scoping review demonstrates that little is known about the psychosocial needs of students conducting research in advanced cancer and palliative care. However, what is clear is that there is a large emotional impact on student researchers engaged in this type of work. Adequate training and support is needed to promote students' health and well-being, encourage retention of students, and foster high-quality studies. More empirical data are needed to better understand the experiences of students conducting this type of research and to ensure the sustainability of training and research in this field.
Education scholarship in emergency medicine part 3: a “how-to” guide
Authors: Bhanji Farhan , Cheng Adam , Frank Jason R. , Sherbino Jonathan 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTSuccessful emergency medicine (EM) education scholarship requires a systematic approach that includes searching the (grey) literature, mobilizing resources, adopting frameworks to focus the innovation, integrating a component of program evaluation, and disseminating the innovation via traditional and emerging avenues. This paper provides direction for EM teachers and educators looking to transform their education innovation into scholarship. Recommendations on producing EM education scholarship from the 2013 consensus conference of the Academic Section of the Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians are presented.
Clinical education guideline creation by residents for junior learners in emergency medicine: a novel educational experience
Authors: Baw Bandar , Chan Teresa , Upadhye Suneel 
Published: July 2016

AbstractClinical practice guidelines are an important vehicle for knowledge translation and improving patient care. For most learners, these documents can be daunting and confusing. We describe a novel educational experience that clarified the guideline generation process for learners while at the same time creating clinical educational guidelines (simplified learning aids) for junior learners in the emergency department (ED). We devised a system using near-peer mentors to generate a series of clinical education guideline learning materials created by residents and junior learners for the evaluation of undifferentiated chest pain in the ED. This process assisted in teaching residents and junior learners and generated an endurable educational product.
Combination of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and hypothermia for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to Taxus intoxication
Authors: Thooft Aurélie , Goubella Ahmed , Fagnoul David , Taccone Fabio S. , Brimioulle Serge , Vincent Jean-Louis , De Backer Daniel 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
A young woman presented with cardiac arrest following ingestion of yew tree leaves of the Taxus baccata species. The toxin in yew tree leaves has negative inotropic and dromotropic effects. The patient had a cardiac rhythm that alternated between pulseless electrical activity with a prolonged QRS interval and ventricular fibrillation. When standard resuscitation therapy including digoxin immune Fab was ineffective, a combination of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and hypothermia was initiated. The total duration of low flow/no flow was 82 minutes prior to the initiation of ECMO. After 36 hours of ECMO (including 12 hours of electrical asystole), the patient’s electrocardiogram had normalized and the left ventricular ejection fraction was 50%. At this time, dobutamine and the ECMO were stopped. The patient had a full neurologic recovery and was discharged from the intensive care unit after 5 days and from the hospital 1 week later.
Anticholinergic visual hallucinosis from atropine eye drops
Authors: Bishop Andrew G. , Tallon John M. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT:A 37-year-old man with type I diabetes mellitus and chronic renal failure presented to the emergency department complaining of hallucinations. He was 5 days postoperative for left pars plana vitrectomy and intra-ocular lens implantation and had been taking ophthalmic atropine, tobramycin and prednisolone. He had presented 5 months earlier, on the same ophthalmic medications, with postoperative hallucinations after a right pars plana vitrectomy. Visual hallucinations are a major side effect of anticholinergic poisoning. Ophthalmic instillation of atropine has been documented to cause many central nervous sytstem symptoms, including hallucinations.
Ultrasound in the emergency department: Emergency department ultrasound for the assessment of abdominal trauma: an overview
Authors: Ross John 
Published: July 2016

Diagnostic ultrasound (U/S) has been used in medicine for over 40 years, and reports describing the use of abdominal U/S in trauma date back to 1971. Recently, however, trauma ultrasonography has become a controversial issue in Canada.
U/S provides the speed and accuracy we associate with diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL) in a noninvasive format. It is safe, inexpensive, repeatable, accessible at the bedside, and requires little patient preparation. U/S is now the initial test for the assessment of blunt abdominal trauma in most European and Australasian centres. More recently U/S has become common in US trauma centres.
Acute gastric volvulus: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Sevcik William E. , Steiner Ivan P. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT:
Gastric volvulus is a rare but potentially life-threatening cause of upper gastrointestinal obstruction. Emergency physicians must maintain a high index of suspicion in patients who present with signs and symptoms suggesting foregut occlusion. We report an illustrative case and review the pathogenesis, classification, diagnosis and treatment of this rare entity.
Out of Angola
Authors: Lockman Denis 
Published: July 2016

RÉSUMÉ:
Le Dr Denis Lockman présente un journal de son expérience comme bénévole pour Médecins Sans Frontières dans la région du nord de l’Angola déchirée par la guerre. Il décrit ses tentatives d’offrir un semblant de soins médicaux organisés au milieu du chaos. Son travail lui donnera l’occasion de rencontrer plusieurs personnages inoubliables, dont certains s’adaptent, d’autres non, chacun à sa façon. Face à la guerre et à la désintégration sociale où la corruption et la cupidité sont rampantes, l’aide des pays occidentaux bien intentionnés profite-t-elle aux pauvres et aux démunis, ou nourrit-elle tout simplement l’appétit prédateur insatiable des éléments criminels?
Emergency department utilization and success rates for intraosseous infusion in pediatric resuscitations
Authors: Nijssen-Jordan Cheri 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTObjective:To determine the frequency of use and the success rates of intraosseous (IO) vascular access in the emergency department.Design:A retrospective chart review.Setting:A tertiary pediatric emergency department (ED) in a large urban centre.Methods:ED resuscitations (ICD-9 code 996) occurring between Oct. 1, 1989, and Sept. 30, 1995, were identified by searching the ED database, inpatient database, ICU admission log and provincial medical examiner’s database. From these, all cases involving IO access were selected and comprised the study sample. Demographics, diagnosis, number of IO attempts, success or failure of IO placement, relevant times and patient outcomes were recorded on standard data forms. Frequency of use, success rates and performance times were reported.Results:IO access was successful in 36 of 42 (86%) patients. In total, there were 68 attempts, or 1.6 attempts per child. All but one child were less than 3 years of age. The median time to successful IO placement was 8 minutes. Two complications, both fractures, occurred in one patient, a 10-day-old neonate.Conclusions:IO success rates were high despite infrequent use.
Creating a Trauma Fellowship for Canadian emergency physicians
Authors: Sookram Sunil 
Published: July 2016

RÉSUMÉ:
La spécialité de médecine d’urgence tout comme les soins aux polytraumatisés se sont développés au cours des dernières décennies. À mesure que les disciplines évoluent, les médecins souhaitent souvent recevoir une formation additionnelle dans des domaines sur-spécialisés qui les intéressent. Ce type d’intérêt et d’engagement améliore les soins aux patients et fait progresser la recherche dans ce champ spécifique. Dans le présent article, je passe en revue le raisonnement en faveur de d’une sur-spécialité de traumatologie en médecine d’urgence au Canada et je suggère des orientations pour sa création.
Diagnosing urinary tract infections in febrile infants and children: when evidence-based medicine and clinical practice collide
Authors: Spence Julie , Ross John 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThe management of febrile pediatric patients is challenging, and the literature is replete with articles describing diverse diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. As many as 5% of infants and young children presenting with fever will be diagnosed with urinary tract infection. Many controversies exist concerning the management of these infections, the most important being: how to make the diagnosis. The financial and time costs of emergency department management must be balanced against the potential future costs of investigations and complications.
The trainee in difficulty
Authors: McGraw Robert , Verma Sarita 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
The trainee in difficulty is someone who is either marginal or at risk of failing in his or her clinical performance. Dealing effectively with these learners can pose problems even for seasoned medical educators. This article discusses some of the common mistakes made by educators in dealing with the trainee in difficulty and offers suggestions for a systematic approach. Further, the roles of faculty, including the program director and associate dean’s office, and some of the legal issues are described.
Methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning: a case study and review of current literature
Authors: Henderson William R. , Brubacher Jeffrey 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTPoisoning is an uncommon but potentially fatal outcome of toxic alcohol ingestion. The toxic alcohols methanol, ethylene glycol and isopropyl alcohol are commonly found in household and commercial products. Because the toxic effects are caused by the metabolites of methanol and ethylene glycol rather than the agents themselves, there is often a substantial delay between ingestion and onset of clinical toxicity. Anion and osmolar gaps are often used for the diagnosis and exclusion of these sometimes subtle overdoses. The pitfalls of using these tests to rule out alcohol ingestion are reviewed. Ethanol infusion is the traditional therapy for such overdoses. In addition to the pathophysiology and clinical findings in poisoning, recent evidence for the use of fomepizole and adjuvant therapies is reviewed.
Urethral catheter knotting: Be aware and minimize the risk
Authors: Arena Barbara , McGillivray David , Dougherty Geoffrey 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTUrethral catheterization is a technique frequently used in the pediatric emergency department. Intravesicular knotting of the catheter is a rare but potentially preventable complication that can involve significant morbidity. However, because of the relative rarity of this complication there remains a persistent lack of awareness in the pediatric clinical community. The risk of intravesicular catheter knotting can be reduced with proper technique and the correct choice of catheters. We present a case report and list recommendations to minimize the risk of occurrence.
Acute presentation of choriocarcinoma: a case study and review of the literature
Authors: Worster Andrew , Sharma Sangita , Mookadam Farouk , Opie John 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTWe report an unusual case of a 27-year-old male with an acute presentation of choriocarcinoma. The patient presented with unstable vital signs, severe anemia and a widened arterial pulse pressure following a several day history of testicular pain. He was subsequently diagnosed as having testicular choriocarcinoma with multiple hepatic metastases and large hemorrhagic para-aortic lymph nodes. The widened pulse pressure persisted during fluid resuscitation and correction of both the anemia and hypotension, and only narrowed after the initiation of chemotherapy. A literature review indicates that metastatic testicular choriocarcinoma is a rare but aggressive malignancy that often presents with acute symptoms and signs that cause patients to seek emergency care. We summarize the reported cases of “acute” testicular choriocarcinoma presentation and briefly discuss its relationship to widened arterial pulse pressure.