bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound of the Hip Joint, Soft Tissues, and Nerves
Authors: Bignotti Bianca , Rossi Federica , Sconfienza Luca , Messina Carmelo , Martinoli Carlo , Tagliafico Alberto 
Published: October 2017

AbstractUltrasound (US) of the hip is widely used both in children and adults for selected clinical indications. According to the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology, hip US is indicated for several clinical conditions involving the joint, soft tissues, and nerves. Hip US indications include fluid detection, synovitis, effusion, and synovial cysts; soft tissue evaluation such as tendinopathy and bursitis; and peripheral nerve pathology of large and small nerves around the hip. In addition, US is an effective imaging modality to guide interventional procedures. This article provides a brief overview of the US scanning technique of the hip and presents some common and less common conditions in which US of the hip is usually performed in adult patients.
Control of transcriptional activity by design of charge patterning in the intrinsically disordered RAM region of the Notch receptor
Authors: Sherry Kathryn P. , Das Rahul K. , Pappu Rohit V. , Barrick Doug 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Charge patterning is a key feature of intrinsically disordered protein regions. Here we test whether charge pattering is important for biochemical and biological function, using the “RAM” disordered region of the Notch receptor. The Notch signaling pathway is important in stem-cell biology and cancer. Using computer design, we built 13 charge permutants that span a broad range of charge segregation. These permutants have profound effects on conformational properties, binding affinity to the downstream transcription factor, CSL, and potency in transcriptional activation. WT Notch has the optimal segregation value for activation, whereas higher levels of segregation disrupt binding and activation. Our study paves the way for control of biological function through redesign of charge patterning.
Meta-mass shift chemical profiling of metabolomes from coral reefs
Authors: Hartmann Aaron C. , Petras Daniel , Quinn Robert A. , Protsyuk Ivan , Archer Frederick I. , Ransome Emma , Williams Gareth J. , Bailey Barbara A. , Vermeij Mark J. A. , Alexandrov Theodore , Dorrestein Pieter C. , Rohwer Forest L. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Coral reef taxa produce a diverse array of molecules, some of which are important pharmaceuticals. To better understand how molecular diversity is generated on coral reefs, tandem mass spectrometry datasets of coral metabolomes were analyzed using a novel approach called meta-mass shift chemical (MeMSChem) profiling. MeMSChem profiling uses the mass differences between molecules in molecular networks to determine how molecules are related. Interestingly, the same molecules gain and lose chemical groups in different ways depending on the taxa it came from, offering a partial explanation for high molecular diversity on coral reefs.
WD40-repeat 47, a microtubule-associated protein, is essential for brain development and autophagy
Authors: Kannan Meghna , Bayam Efil , Wagner Christel , Rinaldi Bruno , Kretz Perrine F. , Tilly Peggy , Roos Marna , McGillewie Lara , Bär Séverine , Minocha Shilpi , Chevalier Claire , Po Chrystelle ,   Sanger Mouse Genetics Project, Chelly Jamel , Mandel Jean-Louis , Borgatti Renato , Piton Amélie , Kinnear Craig , Loos Ben , Adams David J. , Hérault Yann , Collins Stephan C. , Friant Sylvie , Godin Juliette D. , Yalcin Binnaz , Vancollie Valerie E. , Anthony Lauren F. E. , Maguire Simon A. , Lafont David , Pearson Selina A. , Gates Amy S. , Sanderson Mark , Shannon Carl , Sumowski Maksymilian T. , McLaren-Jones Robbie S. B. , Swiatkowska Agnieszka , Isherwood Christopher M. , Cambridge Emma L. , Wilson Heather M. , Caetano Susana S. , Maguire Anna Karin B. , Galli Antonella , Speak Anneliese O. , Dench Joshua , Tuck Elizabeth , Estabel Jeanne , Green Angela , Tudor Catherine , Siragher Emma , Dabrowska Monika , Mazzeo Cecilia Icoresi , Hooks Yvette , Kussy Fiona , Griffiths Mark , Gannon David , Doe Brendan , Boroviak Katharina , Wardle-Jones Hannah , Griggs Nicola , Bottomley Joanna , Ryder Ed , Gleeson Diane , White Jacqueline K. , Ramirez-Solis Ramiro , Lelliott Christopher J. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
We present an identification of the relevance of WD40-repeat (WDR) genes in brain connectivity, highlighting the power of unbiased mouse studies in the field of neuroscience. We focus on the poorly studied WDR47 protein sharing structural homology with LIS1, which causes lissencephaly. WDR47 plays a role in progenitor proliferation, neuronal migration, and fiber tract projections in a similar fashion to LIS1 but with the distinctive particularity that WDR47 inhibits autophagic flux. This provides a functional link between autophagy biology and the C-terminal to LisH domain in mammals. Importantly, WDR47 uncovers an aspect of corpus callosum biology pointing toward a link between the regulation of microtubule dynamics and autophagic flux for axonal outgrowth and guidance.
Confounding factors in vesicle uptake studies using fluorescent lipophilic membrane dyes
Authors: Takov Kaloyan , Yellon Derek M. , Davidson Sean M. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTSmall extracellular vesicles (sEVs) such as exosomes are nanocarriers of proteins, RNAs and DNAs. Isolation of pure sEV populations remains challenging, with reports of protein and lipoprotein contaminants in the isolates. Cellular uptake – a cornerstone for understanding exosome and sEV function – is frequently examined using lipophilic dyes such as PKH67 or CellMask to label the vesicles. In this study, we investigated whether contaminants can confound the outcomes from sEV and exosomes uptake experiments. sEVs were isolated from blood plasma of fasted or non‐fasted rats as well as from serum‐supplemented or serum‐free conditioned cell culture medium using size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC). Eluent fractions were characterized using nanoparticle tracking, protein and triglyceride assays and immunoassays. SEC fractions were labelled with different lipophilic dyes and cellular uptake was quantified using endothelial cells or primary cardiomyocytes. We report co‐isolation of sEVs with apolipoprotein B‐containing lipoproteins. Cellular dye transfer did not correspond to sEV content of the SEC fractions, but was severely affected by lipoprotein and protein content. Overnight fasting of rats decreased lipoprotein content and also decreased dye transfer, while late, sEV‐poor/protein‐rich fractions demonstrated even greater dye transfer. The potential for dye transfer to occur in the complete absence of sEVs was clearly shown by experiments using staining of sEV‐depleted serum or pure protein sample. In conclusion, proteins and lipoproteins can make a substantial contribution to transfer of lipophilic dyes to recipient cells. Considering the likelihood of contamination of sEV and exosome isolates, lipophilic dye staining experiments should be carefully controlled, and conclusions interpreted with caution.
Detection of sputum by interpreting the time-frequency distribution of respiratory sound signal using image processing techniques
Authors: Niu Jinglong , Shi Yan , Cai Maolin , Cao Zhixin , Wang Dandan , Zhang Zhaozhi , Zhang Xiaohua Douglas 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Sputum in the trachea is hard to expectorate and detect directly for the patients who are unconscious, especially those in Intensive Care Unit. Medical staff should always check the condition of sputum in the trachea. This is time-consuming and the necessary skills are difficult to acquire. Currently, there are few automatic approaches to serve as alternatives to this manual approach.

Results
We develop an automatic approach to diagnose the condition of the sputum. Our approach utilizes a system involving a medical device and quantitative analytic methods. In this approach, the time-frequency distribution of respiratory sound signals, determined from the spectrum, is treated as an image. The sputum detection is performed by interpreting the patterns in the image through the procedure of preprocessing and feature extraction. In this study, 272 respiratory sound samples (145 sputum sound and 127 non-sputum sound samples) are collected from 12 patients. We apply the method of leave-one out cross-validation to the 12 patients to assess the performance of our approach. That is, out of the 12 patients, 11 are randomly selected and their sound samples are used to predict the sound samples in the remaining one patient. The results show that our automatic approach can classify the sputum condition at an accuracy rate of 83.5%.

Availability and implementation
The matlab codes and examples of datasets explored in this work are available at Bioinformatics online.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Broadband echosounder measurements of the frequency response of fishes and euphausiids in the Gulf of Alaska
Authors: Bassett Christopher , De Robertis Alex , Wilson Christopher D 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Broadband acoustic scattering techniques are not widely used in fisheries acoustics, but this may change due to the recent commercial availability of a broadband echosounder system operating at frequencies commonly used in fisheries surveys. A four-channel (15–150 kHz) broadband echosounder was used to investigate the potential of broadband methods to improve species discrimination during a walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) survey in the Gulf of Alaska. Narrowband echosounders combined with mid-water and bottom trawls were used to identify aggregations of interest for broadband measurements. Broadband frequency responses were measured for multiple pelagic and semi-demersal fishes as well as euphausiids. No clear patterns in the broadband frequency responses were identified that would aid in discrimination among the commonly encountered swimbladder-bearing species. The results are consistent with narrowband observations and suggest that both techniques face the same challenges when attempting to discriminate among acoustically similar species as frequency responses overlap within the measured bandwidth. However, examples are presented in which broadband frequency responses provide additional information about near-resonant scatterers. The benefits of broadband operations have not been fully realized and widespread adoption of broadband techniques and improved processing algorithms may yield improved acoustic-based species discrimination for use during fisheries surveys.
Accreting transition discs with large cavities created by X-ray photoevaporation in C and O depleted discs
Authors: Ercolano Barbara , Weber Michael L , Owen James E 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Circumstellar discs with large dust depleted cavities and vigorous accretion on to the central star are often considered signposts for (multiple) giant planet formation. In this Letter, we show that X-ray photoevaporation operating in discs with modest (factors 3–10) gas-phase depletion of carbon and oxygen at large radii ( &gt; 15 au) yields the inner radius and accretion rates for most of the observed discs, without the need to invoke giant planet formation. We present one-dimensional viscous evolution models of discs affected by X-ray photoevaporation assuming moderate gas-phase depletion of carbon and oxygen, well within the range reported by recent observations. Our models use a simplified prescription for scaling the X-ray photoevaporation rates and profiles at different metallicity, and our quantitative result depends on this scaling. While more rigorous hydrodynamical modelling of mass-loss profiles at low metallicities is required to constrain the observational parameter space that can be explained by our models, the general conclusion that metal sequestering at large radii may be responsible for the observed diversity of transition discs is shown to be robust. Gap opening by giant planet formation may still be responsible for a number of observed transition discs with large cavities and very high accretion rate.
The Injury and Illness Profile of Male and Female Participants in a 94.7 km Cycle Race: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Breedt Mia , Janse van Rensburg Dina C. , Fletcher Lizelle , Grant Catharina C. , Schwellnus Martin P. 
Published: October 2017

Objective:
To describe the incidence and patterns of injury and illness of male and female participants during a 94.7 km distance cycling event.

Design:
Descriptive study.

Setting:
Momentum 94.7 Cycle Challenge 2014.

Participants:
All 23 055 race starters (males = 17 520, females = 5236, not specified = 299).

Main Outcome Measures:
The incidence and type of all medical complaints and difference between sexes.

Results:
Incidence (per 1000 race starters) of all medical complaints was 38.69 (males = 36.52, females = 38.39), adverse medical events 11.88 (males = 10.73, females = 16.42) and serious adverse events 1.3 (males = 0.86, females = 2.67). The incidence of nontraumatic medical complaints was 32.49 (males = 33.39, females = 31.32) and of traumatic injuries was 3.99 (males = 3.14, females = 7.07). Females compared to males had a higher risk of sustaining traumatic injuries (P < 0.001), central nervous system, (P = 0.0062) and eye complaints (P = 0.0107). Most complaints (80.6%) were reported for the musculoskeletal system. Males 10-15 years (P = 0.0013) and females 23-39 years (P = 0.0336), and older than 50 years (P = 0.0002) had a higher than expected risk for traumatic injuries.

Conclusions:
Medical complaints ratio reported was 1:26 (males = 1:28, females = 1:26) in all starters during the cycling event. Cyclists that did not finish the race (adverse events) were 1:84 (males = 1:93, females = 1:61). Serious adverse events that required hospitalization were 1:769 (males = 1:1163, females = 1:374). The majority of admissions were for traumatic injuries, followed by cardiovascular complaints. Results from this study indicated that a wide spectrum of medical complaints can be expected during such an event with a higher risk for females to sustain traumatic injuries and to encounter central nervous system and eye complaints. Information regarding the pattern and type of medical encounters can prove useful during planning and management of similar future events.
Programmatic Evaluation of an Algorithm for Intensified Tuberculosis Case Finding and Isoniazid Preventive Therapy for People Living With HIV in Thailand and Vietnam
Authors: Cowger Tori L. , Thai Le Hung , Duong Bui Duc , Danyuttapolchai Junya , Kittimunkong Somyot , Nhung Nguyen Viet , Nhan Do Thi , Monkongdee Patama , Thoa Cao Kim , Khanh Vu Thi , Nateniyom Sriprapa , Yen Nguyen Thi Bich , Ngoc Dong Van , Thinh Tran , Whitehead Sara , Pevzner Eric S. 
Published: October 2017

Background:
Tuberculosis (TB) screening affords clinicians the opportunity to diagnose or exclude TB disease and initiate isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) for people living with HIV (PLHIV).

Methods:
We implemented an algorithm to diagnose or rule out TB among PLHIV in 11 HIV clinics in Thailand and Vietnam. We assessed algorithm yield and uptake of IPT and factors associated with TB disease among PLHIV.

Results:
A total of 1448 PLHIV not yet on antiretroviral therapy (ART) were enrolled and screened for TB. Overall, 634 (44%) screened positive and 119 (8%) were diagnosed with TB; of these, 40% (48/119) were diagnosed by a positive culture following a negative sputum smear microscopy. In total, 55% of those eligible (263/477) started on IPT and of those, 75% (196/263) completed therapy. The prevalence of TB disease we observed in this study was 8.2% (8218 per 100,000 persons): 46 and 25 times the prevalence of TB in the general population in Thailand and Vietnam, respectively. Several factors were independently associated with TB disease including being underweight [aOR (95% CI): 2.3 (1.2 to 2.6)] and using injection drugs [aOR (95% CI): 2.9 (1.3 to 6.3)].

Conclusions:
The high yield of TB disease diagnosed among PLHIV screened with the algorithm, and higher burden among PLHIV who inject drugs, underscores the need for innovative, tailored approaches to TB screening and prevention. As countries adopt test-and-start for antiretroviral therapy, TB screening, sensitive TB diagnostics, and IPT should be included in differentiated-care models for HIV to improve diagnosis and prevention of TB among PLHIV.
The Moderating Role of Hospital Size on the Relationship Between Patient Experience and Patient Safety
Authors: Silvera Geoffrey A. 
Published: October 2017

Objectives:
Previous examinations of the relationship between patient experience and patient safety initiatives find that higher patient experience evaluations correspond to reduced incidence of adverse events. Little is known, however, about the impact of hospital organizational characteristics on this relationship. The purpose of this study is to examine the degree to which hospital size moderates the relationship between patient experience and patient safety.

Methods:
A lagged cross-sectional ordinary least squares regression tests a hypothesis of a diminishing effect of hospital size on the relationship between patient evaluations of their interpersonal care experience and hospital's central-line associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) is tested on a sample of 1740 US hospitals using data compiled from Hospital Compare and the American Hospital Association.

Results:
The results find that the magnitude of the relationship between patient experience and patient safety initiatives is diminished as hospital size increases and suggest that care providers' ability to deliver care in a manner that is simultaneously responsive to individual patient needs and preferences and reliable in its avoidance of adverse events is influenced by hospital size. An additional fractional logit is presented, which accounts for restrictions in the dependent variable further support study findings.
Honokiol Increases CD4+ T Cell Activation and Decreases TNF but Fails to Improve Survival Following Sepsis
Authors: Klingensmith Nathan J. , Chen Ching-Wen , Liang Zhe , Burd Eileen M. , Farris Alton B. , Arbiser Jack L. , Ford Mandy L. , Coopersmith Craig M. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
Honokiol is a biphenolic isolate extracted from the bark of the magnolia tree that has been used in traditional Chinese and Japanese medicine, and has more recently been investigated for its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. Honokiol has previously been demonstrated to improve survival in sepsis models that have rapid 100% lethality. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of Honokiol on the host response in a model of sepsis that more closely approximates human disease. Male and female C57BL/6 mice underwent cecal ligation and puncture to induce polymicrobial intra-abdominal sepsis. Mice were then randomized to receive an injection of either Honokiol (120 mg/kg/day) or vehicle and were sacrificed after 24 h for functional studies or followed 7 days for survival. Honokiol treatment after sepsis increased the frequency of CD4+ T cells and increased activation of CD4+ T cells as measured by the activation marker CD69. Honokiol also increased splenic dendritic cells. Honokiol simultaneously decreased frequency and number of CD8+ T cells. Honokiol decreased systemic tumor necrosis factor without impacting other systemic cytokines. Honokiol did not have a detectable effect on kidney function, lung physiology, liver function, or intestinal integrity. In contrast to prior studies of Honokiol in a lethal model of sepsis, Honokiol did not alter survival at 7 days (70% mortality for Honokiol vs. 60% mortality for vehicle). Honokiol is thus effective in modulating the host immune response and inflammation following a clinically relevant model of sepsis but is not sufficient to alter survival.
Adult and Adolescent Patient Evaluations of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Comparison to Other Therapeutic Modalities
Authors: Bloch Yuval , Linder Muly , Kalman Noa , Koubi May , Gal Gilad , Nitsan Uriel , Maoz Hagai , Lurie Ido 
Published: October 2017

Objectives
There is an increasing awareness of the importance of patients' subjective evaluations of therapy. Regarding electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), the results are conflicting. We hypothesized that making a comparison between patients' satisfaction with ECT and other forms of psychiatric therapies would capture personal experience as opposed to opinion about the treatment modalities. We compared adult responses to adolescent responses.

Methods
Four unmatched patient groups were recruited (N = 98) and were divided as follows: (a) patients treated with ECT as adolescents (n = 13), (b) patients treated with ECT as adults (n = 25), (c) patients hospitalized as adolescents but not treated with ECT (n = 30), and (d) patients hospitalized as adults but not treated with ECT (n = 30). All patients were interviewed using similar questions related to their satisfaction regarding the treatment modalities they experienced, including psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, hospitalization and ECT, and years after being treated.

Results
Adults and adolescents viewed ECT as a legitimate and effective form of treatment (70%). Patients who were treated with ECT had a more positive attitude toward this treatment compared with patients who had not been treated with ECT. In comparison to other treatment modalities, ECT was considered by both adolescents and adults as the least effective form of therapy. Psychotherapy was considered the most effective, specifically among adolescents.

Conclusions
Comparing patients' satisfaction in regard to different therapeutic modalities can potentially help clarify discrepancies in patient reports on satisfaction with ECT. Patients' satisfaction with ECT, just like their clinical response to ECT, is more dichotomous than with other forms of therapy.
The relative fitness of drug resistantMycobacterium tuberculosis: a modelling study of household transmission in Peru
Authors: Knight Gwenan M. , Zimic Mirko , Funk Sebastian , Gilman Robert H. , Friedland Jon S. , Grandjean Louis 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe relative fitness of drug resistant versus susceptible bacteria in an environment dictates resistance prevalence. Estimates for the relative fitness of resistantMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) strains are highly heterogeneous and mostly derived fromin-vitroexperiments. Measuring fitness in the field allows us to determine how the environment influences resistance spread.We designed a household structured, stochastic mathematical model to estimate the fitness costs associated with multi-drug resistance (MDR) carriage inMtbin Lima, Peru between 2010-2013. By fitting the model to data from a large prospective cohort study of TB disease in household contacts we estimated the fitness, relative to susceptible strains with a fitness of 1, of MDR-Mtbto be 0.33 (95% credible interval: 0.17-0.54) or 0.39 (0.26-0.58), if only transmission or progression to disease, respectively, was affected. The relative fitness of MDR-Mtbincreased to 0.57 (0.43-0.73) when the fitness cost influenced both transmission and progression to disease equally.We found the average relative fitness of MDR-Mtbcirculating within households in Lima, Peru between 2010-2013 to be significantly lower than concurrent susceptible-Mtb. If these fitness levels do not change, then existing TB control programmes are likely to keep MDR-TB prevalence at current levels in Lima, Peru.