bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oil Subsidies and Renewable Energy in Saudi Arabia: A General Equilibrium Approach
Authors: Blazquez Jorge , Hunt Lester C , Manzano Baltasar 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT In 2016, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) announced its Vision 2030 strategic plan incorporating major changes to the economic structure of the country, including an intention to deploy 9.5 GW of renewable energy in an effort to reduce the penetration of oil in the electricity generation system. This paper assesses the macroeconomic impact of such changes in the KSA, coupled with reductions in implicit energy subsidies. Based on a dynamic general equilibrium model, our analysis suggests that if the KSA government were to deploy a relatively small quantity of renewable technology, consistent with the country’s Vision 2030 plans, there would be a positive impact on the KSA’s long run GDP and on households’ welfare. However, we demonstrate that if the integration costs of renewable technology were high, then households’ welfare would be maximized at around 30-40% renewables penetration. In addition, we show that a policy favoring renewable energy would increase the dependence of the KSA on oil, given that a larger share of GDP would be linked to oil exports and so, potentially, to oil price shocks. Finally, it is shown that exporting significantly more oil onto the international market could have a negative impact on the international oil price and thus could offset the potential gains from the renewable energy policy.
Uso do AHP para identificação de perdas da qualidade em empresas de manufatura: um estudo de caso
Authors: Sousa Juliana Valença , Jerônimo Taciana De Barros , De Melo Fagner José Coutinho , De Aquino Joás Tomaz 
Published: April 2017

Esta pesquisa apresenta um método para identificar as perdas em qualidade nos processos produtivos. As empresas de manufatura estudadas foram aquelas alocadas dentro do perímetro do Complexo Industrial Portuário de Suape em Pernambuco. No método de identificação, consideraram-se duas alternativas para avaliação das perdas: “não perda em qualidade” e “perda em qualidade”, e por meio da aplicação de um questionário estruturado com respostas que concernem a variáveis direta ou indiretamente envolvidas com a qualidade foi possível coletar os dados necessários para utilização do método multicritério Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Os resultados demonstraram a aplicabilidade do método para obter a resposta à pergunta: “De que maneira a metodologia AHP pode contribuir para a priorização das perdas em qualidade?”. Verificou-se que pelos critérios considerados pelos decisores, e julgados com o AHP, a resultante do vetor de decisão demonstrou que todos, uns mais que outros, são fatores geradores de perda em qualidade.
A new DMSP magnetometer and auroral boundary data set and estimates of field‐aligned currents in dynamic auroral boundary coordinates
Authors: Kilcommons Liam M. , Redmon Robert J. , Knipp Delores J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe have developed a method for reprocessing the multidecadal, multispacecraft Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Special Sensor Magnetometer (DMSP SSM) data set and have applied it to 15 spacecraft years of data (DMSP Flight 16–18, 2010–2014). This Level‐2 data set improves on other available SSM data sets with recalculated spacecraft locations and magnetic perturbations, artifact signal removal, representations of the observations in geomagnetic coordinates, and in situ auroral boundaries. Spacecraft locations have been recalculated using ground‐tracking information. Magnetic perturbations (measured field minus modeled main field) are recomputed. The updated locations ensure the appropriate model field is used. We characterize and remove a slow‐varying signal in the magnetic field measurements. This signal is a combination of ring current and measurement artifacts. A final artifact remains after processing: step discontinuities in the baseline caused by activation/deactivation of spacecraft electronics. Using coincident data from the DMSP precipitating electrons and ions instrument (SSJ4/5), we detect the in situ auroral boundaries with an improvement to the Redmon et al. (2010) algorithm. We embed the location of the aurora and an accompanying figure of merit in the Level‐2 SSM data product. Finally, we demonstrate the potential of this new data set by estimating field‐aligned current (FAC) density using the Minimum Variance Analysis technique. The FAC estimates are then expressed in dynamic auroral boundary coordinates using the SSJ‐derived boundaries, demonstrating a dawn‐dusk asymmetry in average FAC location relative to the equatorward edge of the aurora. The new SSM data set is now available in several public repositories.
Large‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances observed by GPS dTEC maps over North and South America on Saint Patrick's Day storm in 2015
Authors: Figueiredo C. A. O. B. , Wrasse C. M. , Takahashi H. , Otsuka Y. , Shiokawa K. , Barros D. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLarge‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (LSTIDs) were detected in both Northern and Southern Hemispheres over American sector during the geomagnetic storm on 17–18 March 2015, also known as the Saint Patrick's Day storm. Detrended total electronic content (dTEC) maps were made using dense GNSS network receiver data. The retrieved LSTIDs showed wavelengths of 1000 to 2000 km, phase velocity of ~300–1000 m/s, and period of ~30–50 min. Among them, three couples of LSTIDs were observed propagating from the polar regions to low latitudes. Two wave events observed in daytime showed the propagation direction of southwest in the Northern Hemisphere and northeast in the Southern Hemisphere, which means an asymmetric propagation against the geographic equator. The other wave event observed during the evening hour showed symmetric propagation direction, i.e., southwest in the Northern Hemisphere and northwest in the Southern Hemisphere, whereas their wavelength and phase velocity are significantly different between NH and SH. These observations indicate that the two groups of LSTID have different propagation conditions from polar to low‐latitude regions. The observed asymmetric/symmetric propagation forms suggest asymmetric/symmetric auroral current activity between the northern and southern polar regions.
Statistical study of ICME effects on Mercury's magnetospheric boundaries and northern cusp region from MESSENGER
Authors: Winslow Reka M. , Philpott Lydia , Paty Carol S. , Lugaz Noé , Schwadron Nathan A. , Johnson Catherine L. , Korth Haje 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis paper presents a systematic investigation of the large‐scale processes in Mercury's magnetosphere during interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) using observations from the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) mission. We study the motion of the bow shock and magnetopause boundaries, quantify the magnetospheric compression, and characterize the size, extent, and plasma pressure of the northern cusp region and the plasma precipitation to the surface. During ICMEs, the magnetopause was substantially compressed, as the subsolar standoff distance from the center of the planet was reduced by ∼15% compared with the value during nominal solar wind conditions, and the magnetopause reached the surface of the planet ∼30% of the time. On the other hand, the bow shock under ICME conditions was located farther from the planet than for nominal solar wind conditions. The cusp was observed to extend ∼10° farther equatorward and 2 h wider in local time. In addition, the average plasma pressure in the cusp was more than double that determined under nominal conditions. For the most extreme cases, the particle precipitation to the surface was an order of magnitude higher than on average. The solar wind ram pressure and the Alfvén Mach number are found to be the dominant factors affecting these changes in the magnetosphere, with the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) direction and the IMF magnetic pressure playing a small but likely nonnegligible role.
A Kolmogorov‐Brutsaert structure function model for evaporation into a turbulent atmosphere
Authors: Katul Gabriel , Liu Heping 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn 1965, Brutsaert proposed a model that predicted mean evaporation rate
from rough surfaces to scale with the 3/4 power law of the friction velocity (
) and the square‐root of molecular diffusivity (Dm) for water vapor. In arriving at these results, a number of assumptions were made regarding the surface renewal rate describing the contact durations between eddies and the evaporating surface, the diffusional mass process from the surface into eddies, and the cascade of turbulent kinetic energy sustaining the eddy renewal process itself. The working hypothesis explored here is that
is a direct outcome of the Kolmogorov scaling for inertial subrange eddies modified to include viscous cutoff thereby bypassing the need for a surface renewal assumption. It is demonstrated that Brutsaert's model for
may be more general than its original derivation implied.
Ambient groundwater flow diminishes nitrate processing in the hyporheic zone of streams
Authors: Azizian Morvarid , Boano Fulvio , Cook Perran L. M. , Detwiler Russell L. , Rippy Megan A. , Grant Stanley B. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractModeling and experimental studies demonstrate that ambient groundwater reduces hyporheic exchange, but the implications of this observation for stream N‐cycling is not yet clear. Here we utilize a simple process‐based model (the Pumping and Streamline Segregation or PASS model) to evaluate N‐cycling over two scales of hyporheic exchange (fluvial ripples and riffle‐pool sequences), ten ambient groundwater and stream flow scenarios (five gaining and losing conditions and two stream discharges), and three biogeochemical settings (identified based on a principal component analysis of previously published measurements in streams throughout the United States). Model‐data comparisons indicate that our model provides realistic estimates for direct denitrification of stream nitrate, but overpredicts nitrification and coupled nitrification‐denitrification. Riffle‐pool sequences are responsible for most of the N‐processing, despite the fact that fluvial ripples generate 3–11 times more hyporheic exchange flux. Across all scenarios, hyporheic exchange flux and the Damköhler Number emerge as primary controls on stream N‐cycling; the former regulates trafficking of nutrients and oxygen across the sediment‐water interface, while the latter quantifies the relative rates of organic carbon mineralization and advective transport in streambed sediments. Vertical groundwater flux modulates both of these master variables in ways that tend to diminish stream N‐cycling. Thus, anthropogenic perturbations of ambient groundwater flows (e.g., by urbanization, agricultural activities, groundwater mining, and/or climate change) may compromise some of the key ecosystem services provided by streams.
Influence of the North American monsoon on Southern California tropospheric ozone levels during summer in 2013 and 2014
Authors: Granados‐Muñoz Maria Jose , Johnson Matthew S. , Leblanc Thierry 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe impact of the North American (NA) monsoon on tropospheric ozone variability in Southern California is investigated using lidar measurements at Jet Propulsion Laboratory‐Table Mountain Facility, California, and the chemical‐transport model GEOS‐Chem. Routine lidar observations obtained in July–August 2013–2014 reveal a consistent ozone enhancement of 23 ppbv in the free troposphere (6–9 km), when ozone‐rich air is transported along the western edge of the upper level anticyclone associated with the NA monsoon from regions where maximum lightning‐induced NOx production occurs. When the high‐pressure system shifts to the southeast, a zonal westerly flow of the air parcels reaching the Table Mountain Facility (TMF) occurs, prohibiting the lightning‐induced ozone enhanced air to reach TMF. This modulation of tropospheric ozone by the position of the NA monsoon anticyclone could have implications on long‐term ozone trends associated with our changing climate, due to the expected widening of the tropical belt affecting the strength and position of the anticyclone.
Partitioning of pyroclasts between ballistic transport and a convective plume: Kīlauea volcano, 19 March 2008
Authors: Houghton B. F. , Swanson D. A. , Biass S. , Fagents S. A. , Orr T. R. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe describe the discrete ballistic and wind‐advected products of a small, but exceptionally well‐characterized, explosive eruption of wall‐rock‐derived pyroclasts from Kīlauea volcano on 19 March 2008 and, for the first time, integrate the size distribution of the two subpopulations to reconstruct the true size distribution of a population of pyroclasts as it exited from the vent. Based on thinning and fining relationships, the wind‐advected fraction had a mass of 6.1 × 105 kg and a thickness half distance of 110 m, placing it at the bottom end of the magnitude and intensity spectra of pyroclastic falls. The ballistic population was mapped, in the field and by using structure‐from‐motion techniques, to a diameter of > 10–20 cm over an area of ~0.1 km2, with an estimated mass of 1 × 105 kg. Initial ejection velocities of 50–80 m/s were estimated from inversion of isopleths. The total grain size distribution was estimated by using a mass partitioning of 98% of wind‐advected material and 2% of ballistics, resulting in median and sorting values of −1.7ϕ and 3.1ϕ. It is markedly broader than those calculated for the products of magmatic explosive eruptions, because the grain size of 19 March 2008 clast population is unrelated to a volcanic fragmentation event and instead was “inherited” from a population of talus clasts that temporary blocked the vent prior to the eruption. Despite a conspicuous near‐field presence, the ballistic subpopulation has only a minor influence on the grain size distribution because of its rapid thinning and fining away from source.
Longitudinal characterization of biomarkers for spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Bonati Ulrike , Holiga Štefan , Hellbach Nicole , Risterucci Céline , Bergauer Tobias , Tang Wakana , Hafner Patricia , Thoeni Alain , Bieri Oliver , Gerlach Irene , Marquet Anne , Khwaja Omar , Sambataro Fabio , Bertolino Alessandro , Dukart Juergen , Fischmann Arne , Fischer Dirk , Czech Christian 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveRecent advances in understanding Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) etiopathogenesis prompted development of potent intervention strategies and raised need for sensitive outcome measures capable of assessing disease progression and response to treatment. Several biomarkers have been proposed; nevertheless, no general consensus has been reached on the most feasible ones. We observed a wide range of measures over 1 year to assess their ability to monitor the disease status and progression.Methods18 SMA patients and 19 healthy volunteers (HV) were followed in this 52‐weeks observational study. Quantitative‐MRI (qMRI) of both thighs and clinical evaluation of motor function was performed at baseline, 6, 9 and 12 months follow‐up. Blood samples were taken in patients for molecular characterization at screening, 9 and 12 month follow‐up. Progression, responsiveness and reliability of collected indices were quantified. Correlation analysis was performed to test for potential associations.ResultsQMRI indices, clinical scales and molecular measures showed high to excellent reliability. Significant differences were found between qMRI of SMA patients and HV. Significant associations were revealed between multiple qMRI measures and functional clinical scales. None of the qMRI, clinical, or molecular measures was able to detect significant disease progression over 1 year.InterpretationWe probed a variety of quantitative measures for SMA in a slowly‐progressing disease population over 1 year. The presented measures demonstrated potential to provide a closer link to underlying disease biology as compared to conventional functional scales. The proposed biomarker framework can guide implementation of more sensitive endpoints in future clinical trials and prove their utility in search for novel disease‐modifying therapies.
Online Flowing Colloidosomes for Sequential Multi‐analyte High‐Throughput SERS Analysis
Authors: Phan‐Quang Gia Chuong , Wee Elizabeth Hui Zi , Yang Fengling , Lee Hiang Kwee , Phang In Yee , Feng Xiaotong , Alvarez‐Puebla Ramón A. , Ling Xing Yi 
Published: April 2017

Abstract3D plasmonic colloidosomes are superior SERS sensors owing to their high sensitivity and excellent tolerance to laser misalignment. Herein, we incorporate plasmonic colloidosomes in a microfluidic channel for online SERS detection. Our method resolves the poor signal reproducibility and inter‐sample contamination in the existing online SERS platforms. Our flow system offers rapid and continuous online detection of 20 samples in less than 5 min with excellent signal reproducibility. The isolated colloidosomes prevent cross‐sample and channel contamination, allowing accurate quantification of samples over a concentration range of five orders of magnitude. Our system demonstrates high‐resolution multiplex detection with fully preserved signal and Raman features of individual analytes in a mixture. High‐throughput multi‐assay analysis is performed, which highlights that our system is capable of rapid identification and quantification of a sequence of samples containing various analytes and concentrations.
Formal (4+1) Cycloaddition and Enantioselective Michael–Henry Cascade Reactions To Synthesize Spiro[4,5]decanes and Spirooxindole Polycycles
Authors: Huang Ji‐Rong , Sohail Muhammad , Taniguchi Tohru , Monde Kenji , Tanaka Fujie 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSpiro[4,5]decanes and polycyclic compounds bearing spiro[4,5]decane systems are important biofunctional molecules. Described are diastereoselective formal (4+1) cycloaddition reactions to afford oxindole‐functionalized spiro[4,5]decanes and organocatalytic enantioselective Michael–Henry cascade reactions of the (4+1) cycloaddition products to generate spirooxindole polycyclic derivatives bearing the spiro[4,5]decane system. Spiro[4,5]decanes bearing oxindoles containing three stereogenic centers and spirooxindole polycycles having seven stereogenic centers, including two all‐carbon chiral quaternary centers and one tetrasubstituted chiral carbon center, were obtained with high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities.
Optimized Target Residence Time: Type I Inhibitors for p38α MAP Kinase with Improved Binding Kinetics through Direct Interaction with the R‐Spine
Authors: Wentsch Heike K. , Walter Niklas M. , Bührmann Mike , Mayer‐Wrangowski Svenja , Rauh Daniel , Zaman Guido J. R. , Willemsen‐Seegers Nicole , Buijsman Rogier C. , Henning Melanie , Dauch Daniel , Zender Lars , Laufer Stefan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSkepinone‐L was recently reported to be a p38α MAP kinase inhibitor with high potency and excellent selectivity in vitro and in vivo. However, this class of compounds still act as fully ATP‐competitive Type I binders which, furthermore, suffer from short residence times at the enzyme. We herein describe a further development with the first Type I
binders for p38α MAP kinase. Type I
inhibitors interfere with the R‐spine, inducing a glycine flip and occupying both hydrophobic regions I and II. This design approach leads to prolonged target residence time, binding to both the active and inactive states of the kinase, excellent selectivity, excellent potency on the enzyme level, and low nanomolar activity in a human whole blood assay. This promising binding mode is proven by X‐ray crystallography.
Hybrid Adaptive Type‐2 Fuzzy Tracking Control of Chaotic Oscillation Damping of Power Systems
Authors: Zirkohi Majid Moradi , Kumbasar Tufan , Lin Tsung‐Chih 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn this paper a novel hybrid direct/indirect adaptive fuzzy neural network (FNN) moving sliding mode tracking controller for chaotic oscillation damping of power systems is developed. The proposed approach is established by providing a tradeoff between the indirect and direct FNN controllers. It is equipped with a novel moving sliding surface (MSS) to enhance the robustness of the controller against the present system uncertainties and unknown disturbances. The major contribution of the paper arises from the new simple tuning idea of the sliding surface slope and intercept of the MSS. This study is novel because the approach adopted tunes the sliding surface slope and intercept of MSS using two simple rules simultaneously. One advantage of the proposed approach is that the restriction of knowing the bounds of uncertainties is also removed due to the adaptive mechanism. Moreover, the stability of the control system is also presented. The proposed controller structure is successfully employed to damp the complicated chaotic oscillations of an interconnected power system, when such oscillations can be made by load perturbation of a power system working on its stability edges. Comparative simulation results are presented, which confirm that the proposed hybrid adaptive type‐2 fuzzy tracking controller shows superior tracking performance.
Organosolv fractionating pre‐treatment of lignocellulosic biomass for efficient enzymatic saccharification: chemistry, kinetics, and substrate structures
Authors: Zhao Xuebing , Li Siming , Wu Ruchun , Liu Dehua 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPre‐treatment to increase cellulose enzymatic hydrolyzability is a prerequisite step for bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass. The final objective of pre‐treatment is to increase cellulose accessibility to cellulase enzymes, which can be done by either removing hemicelluloses or delignification or modifying lignin structure. Organosolv fractionating pre‐treatment (OFP) achieves a fractionation of biomass in a one‐pot process with greatly increased cellulose digestibility. In this review, the research progress in recent years on the acid and alkali‐catalyzed OFP processes has been discussed, in terms of the process modes, chemistry, pre‐treatment kinetics as well as substrate structures. It is concluded that OFP not only improves cellulose digestibility but also shows great promise as an entry to biomass biorefining for co‐producing various chemicals and fuels; however, the economic feasibility of the OFP process has to be improved by reducing the energy consumption for solvent recovery and developing more products with higher added values. Finally, the challenge and perspective of OFP are further discussed. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd