bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MultiDimensional ClinOmics for Precision Therapy of Children and Adolescent Young Adults with Relapsed and Refractory Cancer: A Report from the Center for Cancer Research
Authors: Chang Wendy , Brohl Andrew S. , Patidar Rajesh , Sindiri Sivasish , Shern Jack F. , Wei Jun S. , Song Young K. , Yohe Marielle E. , Gryder Berkley , Zhang Shile , Calzone Kathleen A. , Shivaprasad Nityashree , Wen Xinyu , Badgett Thomas C. , Miettinen Markku , Hartman Kip R. , League-Pascual James C. , Trahair Toby N. , Widemann Brigitte C. , Merchant Melinda S. , Kaplan Rosandra N. , Lin Jimmy C. , Khan Javed 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Purpose: We undertook a multidimensional clinical genomics study of children and adolescent young adults with relapsed and refractory cancers to determine the feasibility of genome-guided precision therapy.
Experimental Design: Patients with non-central nervous system solid tumors underwent a combination of whole exome sequencing (WES), whole transcriptome sequencing (WTS), and high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism array analysis of the tumor, with WES of matched germline DNA. Clinically actionable alterations were identified as a reportable germline mutation, a diagnosis change, or a somatic event (including a single nucleotide variant, an indel, an amplification, a deletion, or a fusion gene), which could be targeted with drugs in existing clinical trials or with FDA-approved drugs.
Results: Fifty-nine patients in 20 diagnostic categories were enrolled from 2010 to 2014. Ages ranged from 7 months to 25 years old. Seventy-three percent of the patients had prior chemotherapy, and the tumors from these patients with relapsed or refractory cancers had a higher mutational burden than that reported in the literature. Thirty patients (51% of total) had clinically actionable mutations, of which 24 (41%) had a mutation that was currently targetable in a clinical trial setting, 4 patients (7%) had a change in diagnosis, and 7 patients (12%) had a reportable germline mutation.
Conclusions: We found a remarkably high number of clinically actionable mutations in 51% of the patients, and 12% with significant germline mutations. We demonstrated the clinical feasibility of next-generation sequencing in a diverse population of relapsed and refractory pediatric solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res; 22(15); 3810–20. ©2016 AACR.
HIV-1 gp120 signaling through TLR4 modulates innate immune activation in human macrophages and the biology of hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Del Cornò Manuela , Cappon Andrea , Donninelli Gloria , Varano Barbara , Marra Fabio , Gessani Sandra 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Highly active antiretroviral therapy has significantly improved the prognosis of HIV-infected subjects. However, patients treated long term still manifest increased mortality and, even with undetectable plasma viremia, often experience persistent immune activation. Furthermore, liver-related mortality is now the most common cause of non-AIDS-related death in HIV-infected individuals on highly active antiretroviral therapy through accelerated fibrosis progression. TLRs are the first line of the host response to pathogens and play an important role in human host defense against viruses through sensing of viral structural proteins. Growing evidence points to TLR4 as a key player in chronic immune activation, HIV recognition/replication, and liver fibrosis progression, suggesting that HIV triggering of TLR4 may dictate some aspects of the multifaceted AIDS pathogenesis. In this study, we provide evidence for an interplay between host TLR4 and HIV-1 gp120 in human monocyte-derived macrophages and hepatic stellate cells, leading to intracellular pathways and biologic activities that mediate proinflammatory and profibrogenic signals. Finally, we hypothesize that CCR5 and TLR4 are likely part of a common receptor cluster, as the blocking of CCR5 by specific antagonists impairs the macrophage capacity to produce chemokines in response to LPS. Chronic immune activation and liver fibrosis remain important obstacles for highly active antiretroviral therapy success. Thus, the identification of gp120-TLR4 axis as a novel determinant of immune system and hepatic stellate cell biology opens new perspectives to the management of HIV infection and disease.
Crystal structure of 4,4′-sulfonyldipyridine, C10H8N2O2S
Authors: Chen Hui , Liu Rui-Heng , Guo Hui 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
C10H8N2O2S, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 7.29640(10) Å, b = 13.1899(2) Å, c = 10.6087(2) Å, β = 94.763(1)°, V = 1017.44(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0344, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1025, T = 296 K.
TROUBLE SHOOTING ISSUES OF BIODEGRADATION OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN TROPICAL MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Dhage Dr Shivani S , Prabhu Dr D V , Kelkar Dr Prakash S 
Published: March 2016

Marine pollution occurs due to the entry of organized or unorganized, point or non – point land based releases of industrial, agricultural and residential waste. Biodegradable organic waste rich in microorganisms lead to potentially harmful effects and alter oxygen cycle, where as excessive inputs of nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus stimulate algal growth leading to eutrophication.
Thermodynamics play an important role in chemicals reactions occurring in ocean during degradation of organic waste. The rate of reactions is altered due to temperature and high salinities. This aspect is very crucial while predicting the self purification capacity of the water body. Adequate experimental work pertaining to the order of reaction and thermodynamic constants is essential to prove the basis of the predicted assimilative capacity of the system.
In Mumbai, huge quantity of domestic waste is generated. Due to land restrictions, complete treatment of tertiary level is not feasible. The Municipal administrators take the advantage of coastal location and discharge this waste into the ocean with just meagre preliminary treatment. The disposal practices are advanced and well planned but still expected purification or dilution is not achieved in the near shore region. This has resulted in spoiling the impact zone of coastal areas creating stress on the living biota and non compliance of the marine water quality standards.
Three major issues in coastal system, viz. Operation and control of waste discharges, degradation patterns of pollutants and self purification capacity needs systematic evaluation to maintain favorable conditions for aquatic life. Hence it is essential to study the reaction kinetics and thermodynamic behaviour of the biodegradation of carbonaceous waste occurring under highly saline conditions. Experiments are conducted to confirm the kinetics and thermodynamics of biodegradation of domestic waste water into marine water at variable salinities. The paper presents the findings of kinetic behaviour particularly the values for rate of reaction, Activation energy and related constants.
Pedagogical Issues Concerning Academic Advising
Authors: Afshar Tahmoures , O'Hara Leo 
Published: March 2016

This study examined whether, and to what extent, students’ personal and cultural variables have an impact on the advising process. 225 students in an urban, private university were asked to complete twenty-nine structured questions in the Fall 2005. Each question asked the student to rank on a scale of one to five the importance of a characteristic/responsibility of an academic advisor. These twenty-nine characteristics/responsibilities were those most often cited in the literature as critical for an effective academic advisor. In addition, the students were asked to provide some cultural, personal, and academic information on themselves including class status, GPA, age, gender, school, and ethnicity. We used the chi-square testing technique. This method of testing the hypothesis allowed us not only to identify which of the advisor’s characteristics and/or responsibilities were significant but also to identify which personal and cultural trait of the student a particular characteristic was most consistent with. We found that students with different variables had quite different perceptions of the advising process. Students’ perceptions varied by age, class status, GPA, gender, school, and ethnicity. While there has been an increasing number of studies devoted to examining student satisfaction with academic advising, few of these studies have considered the student’s cultural, personal, and academic background as determinant factors in a successful academic advising process.
Business Communication Students Learn To Hear A Bad Speech Habit
Authors: Bell Reginald L. , Liang-Bell Lei Paula , Deselle Bettye 
Published: March 2016

Students were trained to perceive filled pauses (FP) as a bad speech habit. In a series of classroom sensitivity training activities, followed by students being rewarded to observe twenty minutes of live television from the public media, no differences between male and female Business Communication students was revealed. The practice of teaching students to regard FP as a “bad” speech habit was supported by the literature. Male and female students learned to recognize FP they heard professional and non-professional speakers make.
Admiral Furman Academy: A Case Study In Selected Not-For-Profit Auditing Issues
Authors: Grippo Frank J. , Nassiripour Sia 
Published: March 2016

The purpose of this case is to help students explore accounting and auditing issues often confronted by auditors of not-for-profit organizations. Given final financial statements, the goal of the case is to require students to prepare the footnotes that would be considered an integral part of the financial statements. The case is intended for students who are taking an advanced accounting or not-for-profit accounting course.
Sustaining The Progress To Improve Physics Education
Authors: Abdul-Razzaq Wathiq 
Published: March 2016

One of the problems we face in teaching introductory physics courses at the college level is that about 2/3 of students never had physics prior coming to college. Thus, many students find it very difficult to learn physics for the first time at the relatively fast-paced teaching of college physics courses. Sometimes the drop/failure/withdrawal rate at West Virginia University is as high as 65% (~2/3) for the introductory physics courses taken mostly by pre-engineering students. Obviously, there is a strong connection between the students’ physics backgrounds and the success rate of passing physics. With the support of the National Science Foundation (NSF) funding, we created an intervention course for a small group of students who did poorly in the first test in one of the physics courses. This intervention course ran concurrently with the regular physics course, but started at the fourth week of class after the first test. Students who received our intervention showed significant improvement in the subsequent physics tests.1 The recruitment of the students and the supervision of the course were the result of a unique collaboration between the College of Engineering and the Physics Department. After the expiration of the NSF grant, the intervention course was cancelled due to the lack of funds. The labs associated with physics classes, however, give us the opportunity to continue the advancement of physics learning after the ending of the NSF grant.
A Study on the Interaction of Religious Literature for Children and Adolescents with Illustration in Iran
Authors: Rafaee Adeleh , Shad Qazvini Parisa 
Published: March 2016

<p>The formation of the Islamic Revolution in the early sixties and its rise in the fifties has caused major changes and developments in the cultural structures of Iran. These changes emerged in the political - economic and social – cultural areas in the framework of Islamic- revolutionary utopian ideas. In the Pahlavi era, religious literature for children was less considered due to the low attention of the governing regime. Although the forties is considered as the decade of children’s book illustrations but the religious literature for children and its illustration were less considered. With the beginning of the revolutionary activities, some Persian writers decided to make children familiar with spiritual and religious atmospheres by creating works with a focus on Islam. The prevailing hypothesis of this paper is that an interaction was established between religious literature for children and children’s book illustration after the emergence of religious thoughts in children’s stories. Here, the claim is proved that the social needs and the interaction of religious literature with children’s book illustrations led to the emergence of a branch called religious illustration. The methodology of this study is descriptive-analytical. Data collection method is collecting documents and library resources. </p>
Investigating the Effective Bioclimatic Factors on Tourism Industry (Case of Study: Zanjan, Iran)
Authors: Nasiri Behrouz , Mirian Mina 
Published: March 2016

<p>The tourism industry is one of the largest and fastest growing economic factors in the contemporary worlds. Many factors affect the tourism industry; one of the most important of them is climate. Unfortunately, tourism literature has not paid much attention to the effect of climatic factors on the industry as it worth. Therefore, in order to develop this area of global economic, it is necessary to recognize the capabilities and limitations of the climate area. In this research, in order to evaluate environmental conditions in there, indicators of effective temperature (ET), temperature-humidity (THI), Baker Index (CP), and physiological stress indicators, (P<sub>phs</sub>) by using monthly statistic parameters of temperature, relative humidity wind and synoptic sampling stations during the period 2005 – 1955 are used. Results show that based on the parameters of ET, the maximum temperature in April, the minimum temperature in July and August and the average temperature can be seen in May. About THI index comfort conditions can be seen just in March and November and CP index indicates total bioclimatic comfort in summer. Index) also found that only the months of June, September and has been neutral in terms of biological stress. </p>
Making Student Loans Work in Africa
Authors: Johnstone D. Bruce 
Published: March 2016

Cost-Sharing—meaning the shift of a portion of the costs of higher education (including the costs of student living) that may once have been borne predominantly or even exclusively by governments, or taxpayers, to parents and students—has been deeply contested, but found to be financially necessary (and according to many analysts more equitable) in more and more countries, including in Sub-Saharan Africa. Student loans have been part of this process, allowing students the opportunity to invest in their own further educations, placing needed revenue in the hands of students supposedly at less cost to taxpayers than outright grants (presuming loan recovery), and providing colleges and universities (again presuming loan recovery) with revenue that would not be forthcoming from governments. However, African student loan programs have been largely unsuccessful at providing significant net revenue supplementation: that is, after covering the cost of capital as well as the costs of originating, servicing, and collecting plus covering the substantial costs of defaults. This essay analyzes some of these problems and suggests some principles for making student loans work better in Africa. Le partage des coûts – c’est-à-dire le transfert aux parents et étudiants d’une partie du coût de l’enseignement supérieur (y compris le coût de la vie), qui était auparavant pris en charge majoritairement ou même exclusivement par le gouvernement, ou plutôt les contribuables– a été fortement contesté mais est devenu nécessaire (et selon de nombreux analystes est plus équitable) dans un nombre croissant de pays, notamment en Afrique sub-saharienne. Les prêts étudiants font partie intégrante de ce processus, donnant aux étudiants l’opportunité d’investir dans leur propre éducation, en mettant les revenus nécessaires entre les mains des étudiants, en principe à moindre coût pour le contribuable que les bourses (en présumant le remboursement du prêt), et fournissant aux établissements d’enseignement supérieur (toujours en présumant le remboursement du prêt) des revenus qui ne proviennent pas des gouvernements. Cependant, les programmes de prêts étudiants en Afrique ont largement échoué à fournir d’importants revenus complémentaires, une fois couverts le coût du capital ainsi que les frais de dossier, de service, de collection, et le coût considérable des défauts de paiement. Cet essai analyse certains de ces problèmes et propose quelques principes pour que les prêts étudiants fonctionnent mieux en Afrique.
Temperature influence on phytoplankton community growth rates
Authors: Sherman Elliot , Moore J. Keith , Primeau Francois , Tanouye David 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA large database of field estimates of phytoplankton community growth rates in natural populations was compiled and analyzed to determine the apparent temperature effect on phytoplankton community growth rate. We conducted an ordinary least squares regression to optimize the parameters in two commonly used growth‐temperature relations (Arrhenius and Q10 models). Both equations fit the observational data equally with the optimized parameter values. The optimum apparent Q10 value was 1.47 ± 0.08 (95% confidence interval, CI). Microzooplankton grazing rates closely matched the temperature trends for phytoplankton growth. This likely reflects a dynamic adjustment of biomass and grazing rates by the microzooplankton to match their available food source, illustrating tight coupling of phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing rates. The field‐measured temperature effect and growth rates were compared with estimates from the satellite Carbon‐based Productivity Model (CbPM) and three Earth System Models (ESMs), with model output extracted at the same month and sampling locations as the observations. The optimized, apparent Q10 value calculated for the CbPM was 1.51, with overestimation of growth rates. The apparent Q10 value in the Community Earth System Model (V1.0) was 1.65, with modest underestimation of growth rates. The GFDL‐ESM2M and GFDL‐ESM2G models produced apparent Q10 values of 1.52 and 1.39, respectively. Models with an apparent Q10 that is significantly greater than ~1.5 will overestimate the phytoplankton community growth response to the ongoing climate warming and will have spatial biases in estimated growth rates for the current era.
Sea ice melt onset associated with lead opening during the spring/summer transition near the North Pole
Authors: Vivier Frédéric , Hutchings Jennifer K. , Kawaguchi Yusuke , Kikuchi Takashi , Morison James H. , Lourenço Antonio , Noguchi Tomohide 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn the central Arctic Ocean, autonomous observations of the ocean mixed layer and ice documented the transition from cold spring to early summer in 2011. Ice‐motion measurements using GPS drifters captured three events of lead opening and ice ridge formation in May and June. Satellite sea ice concentration observations suggest that locally observed lead openings were part of a larger‐scale pattern. We clarify how these ice deformation events are linked with the onset of basal sea ice melt, which preceded surface melt by 20 days. Observed basal melt and ocean warming are consistent with the available input of solar radiation into leads, once the advent of mild atmospheric conditions prevents lead refreezing. We use a one‐dimensional numerical simulation incorporating a Local Turbulence Closure scheme to investigate the mechanisms controlling basal melt and upper ocean warming. According to the simulation, a combination of rapid ice motion and increased solar energy input at leads promotes basal ice melt, through enhanced mixing in the upper mixed layer, while slow ice motion during a large lead opening in mid‐June produced a thin, low‐density surface layer. This enhanced stratification near the surface facilitates storage of solar radiation within the thin layer, instead of exchange with deeper layers, leading to further basal ice melt preceding the upper surface melt.
Rossby wave energy dispersion from tropical cyclone in zonal basic flows
Authors: Shi Wenli , Fei Jianfang , Huang Xiaogang , Liu Yudi , Ma Zhanhong , Yang Lu 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis study investigates tropical cyclone energy dispersion under horizontally sheared flows using a nonlinear barotropic model. In addition to common patterns, unusual features of Rossby wave trains are also found in flows with constant vorticity and vorticity gradients. In terms of the direction of the energy dispersion, the wave train can rotate clockwise and elongate southwestward under anticyclonic circulation (ASH), which contributes to the reenhancement of the tropical cyclone (TC). The wave train even splits into two obvious wavelike trains in flows with a southward vorticity gradient (WSH). Energy dispersed from TCs varies over time, and variations in the intensity of the wave train components typically occur in two stages. Wave‐activity flux diagnosis and ray tracing calculations are extended to the frame that moves along with the TC to reveal the concrete progress of wave propagation. The direction of the wave‐activity flux is primarily determined by the combination of the basic flow and the TC velocity. Along the flux, the distribution of pseudomomentum effectively illustrates the development of wave trains, particularly the rotation and split of wave propagation. Ray tracing involves the quantitative tracing of wave features along rays, which effectively coincide with the wave train regimes. Flows of a constant shear (parabolic meridional variation) produce linear (nonlinear) wave number variations. For the split wave trains, the real and complex wave number waves move along divergent trajectories and are responsible for different energy dispersion ducts.
A U.S.‐based analysis of the ability of the Clausius‐Clapeyron relationship to explain changes in extreme rainfall with changing temperature
Authors: Ivancic Timothy J , Shaw Stephen B 
Published: March 2016

AbstractNumerous papers have shown links between >99th percentile hourly precipitation and daily temperature (Pextreme versus T), often explained using the Clausius‐Clapeyron (CC) relationship. The CC relationship predicts an approximately 7% increase in precipitation intensity per degree celsius. However, recent analyses indicate that the Pextreme versus T rate can be larger than the CC prediction. In this work, we analyze the Pextreme versus T rate with an automated method across the contiguous U.S. using station data aggregated on a 161 km grid. To evaluate controls on Pextreme versus T, we isolate convective storms to evaluate whether greater than CC rates are due to the transition between storm types or are a feature of convective storms at high T. We repeat the analysis using dew point to assess whether T control on extreme P is indeed a matter of moisture availability. When evaluated using both T and dew point, the northeastern U.S. is most likely to exhibit a greater than predicted Pextreme versus T rate (57% of the region when using T). At 56% of these points, the > CC rates appeared to occur entirely because of a transition between frontal and convective storms. At 30% of these sites, a greater than CC relationship appeared to occur entirely because of greater than CC scaling in convective intensity. At 11% of sites neither was found to be significant, and at 3% both were found to contribute significantly. This analysis suggests that > CC scaling is not prevalent everywhere in the contiguous U.S., and in regions where it does occur, it can be due to multiple causes.