bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChatGPT-3.5 im Hochschul-E-Assessment: Prüfungsleistung, akademische Integrität und zukünftige Bewertungsansätze
Authors: Moebert Tobias , Samoilova Evgenia , Wiepke Axel 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung
Die Verwendung von künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) und insbesondere von Large Language Models (LLM) wie ChatGPT stellt eine Herausforderung und eine Chance für die Hochschullehre dar. Diese Studie untersucht, wie Studierende ohne Fachkenntnisse und LLM-Erfahrung, die ChatGPT‑3.5 nutzen, in Prüfungen im Vergleich zu Studierenden des Kurses abschneiden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass ChatGPT‑3.5 in einigen Klausuren eine ähnliche oder bessere Leistung als die Studierenden erzielen kann, aber auch auf Schwierigkeiten und Grenzen stößt. Die Studie regt an, die Rolle von LLMs in der Hochschulbildung kritisch zu reflektieren und innovative Lehr- und Prüfungsansätze zu entwickeln, die die Potenziale von LLMs nutzen und ihren Missbrauch vermeiden.
Clinical outcomes of tocilizumab therapy in polyarticular and systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a single-center analysis (2018-2022)
Authors: Gazda Agnieszka , Naishtetik Iryna , Kołodziejczyk Beata , Rybak Khrystyna , Mańczak Małgorzata , Wójtowicz Joanna , Krasowicz-Towalska Olga , Gietka Piotr 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis single-center retrospective study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Tocilizumab (TOC) in children with polyarticular (pJIA) and systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) who exhibited inadequate responses to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and biological modifiers (bDMARDs). Conducted at the Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation in Warsaw, Poland, between 2018 and 2022, the study enrolled 29 patients diagnosed with JIA based on International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR) criteria. The cohort comprised 13 sJIA and 16 pJIA patients, aged 2-18 years, receiving TOC treatment for 24 months. Safety and efficacy assessments included analysis of medical documentation, laboratory tests (CRP, ESR, WBC), and Juvenile Disease Activity Score (JADAS) 71 at baseline, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months post-treatment initiation. Significant reductions in CRP and ESR levels were observed within three months, with sustained improvement in JADAS71 scores over the 24-month treatment period. A substantial majority, 73.07% of patients, achieved inactive disease status or low disease activity, highlighting T0C’s effectiveness. Adverse effects were manageable, predominantly involving mild to moderate infections, with no serious adverse events or instances of macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). The study also noted a steroid-sparing effect of TOC, with a reduction in glucocorticoid usage among the cohort. Tocilizumab demonstrates substantial efficacy in reducing disease activity and improving clinical outcomes in patients with pJIA and sJIA, coupled with a favorable safety profile. These findings reinforce the role of TOC as a critical component of the therapeutic arsenal for JIA, offering hope for improved quality of life and disease management in this patient population.
Diagnostic performance of radiologists in distinguishing post-COVID-19 residual abnormalities from interstitial lung abnormalities
Authors: Lee Jong Eun , Lee Hyo-Jae , Park Gyeryeong , Chae Kum Ju , Jin Kwang Nam , Castañer Eva , Ghaye Benoit , Ko Jane P. , Prosch Helmut , Simpson Scott , Larici Anna Rita , Kanne Jeffrey P. , Frauenfelder Thomas , Jeong Yeon Joo , Yoon Soon Ho 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objective
Distinguishing post-COVID-19 residual abnormalities from interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) on CT can be challenging if clinical information is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of radiologists in distinguishing post-COVID-19 residual abnormalities from ILA.

Methods
This multi-reader, multi-case study included 60 age- and sex-matched subjects with chest CT scans. There were 40 cases of ILA (20 fibrotic and 20 non-fibrotic) and 20 cases of post-COVID-19 residual abnormalities. Fifteen radiologists from multiple nations with varying levels of experience independently rated suspicion scores on a 5-point scale to distinguish post-COVID-19 residual abnormalities from fibrotic ILA or non-fibrotic ILA. Interobserver agreement was assessed using the weighted κ value, and the scores of individual readers were compared with the consensus of all readers. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic performance of suspicion scores for distinguishing post-COVID-19 residual abnormalities from ILA and for differentiating post-COVID-19 residual abnormalities from both fibrotic and non-fibrotic ILA.

Results
Radiologists’ diagnostic performance for distinguishing post-COVID-19 residual abnormalities from ILA was good (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) range, 0.67–0.92; median AUC, 0.85) with moderate agreement (κ = 0.56). The diagnostic performance for distinguishing post-COVID-19 residual abnormalities from non-fibrotic ILA was lower than that from fibrotic ILA (median AUC = 0.89 vs. AUC = 0.80, p = 0.003).

Conclusion
Radiologists demonstrated good diagnostic performance and moderate agreement in distinguishing post-COVID-19 residual abnormalities from ILA, but careful attention is needed to avoid misdiagnosing them as non-fibrotic ILA.

Key Points
QuestionHow good are radiologists at differentiating interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) from changes related to COVID-19 infection?
FindingsRadiologists had a median AUC of 0.85 in distinguishing post-COVID-19 abnormalities from ILA with moderate agreement (κ = 0.56).
Clinical relevanceRadiologists showed good diagnostic performance and moderate agreement in distinguishing post-COVID-19 residual abnormalities from ILA; nonetheless, caution is needed in distinguishing residual abnormalities from non-fibrotic ILA.
From CAD to representations suitable for isogeometric analysis: a complete pipeline
Authors: Marsala Michelangelo , Mantzaflaris Angelos , Mourrain Bernard , Whyman Sam , Gammon Mark 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNext generation CAD/CAE systems shall integrate design and analysis procedures as a means to simplify workflows, boost performance, and speed up time to market. In the present paper we demonstrate a proof of concept of such a unification using subdivision surfaces and the enabling technology of isogeometric analysis. In particular, we present a complete pipeline to convert CAD models into smooth $$G^1$$

G
1

spline representations, which are suitable for isogeometric analysis. Starting from a CAD boundary representation of a mechanical object, we perform an automatic control cage extraction by means of quadrangular faces, such that its limit Catmull-Clark subdivision surface approximates accurately the input model. We then compute a basis of the $$G^1$$

G
1

spline space over the quad mesh in order to carry out least squares fitting over a point cloud, acquired by sampling the original CAD geometry. The resulting surface is a collection of Bézier patches with $$G^1$$

G
1

regularity. Finally, we use the basis functions to perform isogeometric analysis simulations of realistic PDEs on the reconstructed $$G^1$$

G
1

model. The quality of the construction is demonstrated via several numerical examples performed on a collection of CAD objects presenting various challenging realistic shapes.
Incidence of infection rate for shunt implantation: the zero % rate is always a myth
Authors: Diallo Mamadou , Beuriat Pierre-Aurélien , Szathmari Alexandru , Di Rocco Federico , Fascia Pascal , Mottolese Carmine 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Paediatric CSF shunt infection rate remains a well-known complication that is not only responsible of potentially severe sequels for patients but also for economical expenses. In that study, we questioned if it is possible to attain the zero percent rate of infection that should be the goal of every paediatric neurosurgeon.

Methods
We report our series of patients treated with a CSF device from January the first 2016 to December 31 2018.

Results
In all 147 patients treated for hydrocephalus, the follow-up was of at least of 2 years from the implantation. Antibiotic-coated tubes were always used with a differential pressure valve system. A total of 172 surgical procedures were performed for 147 patients. In the follow-up time period, 4 patients presented a post-operative infection (2.3%). Two infections appeared early after the surgical procedure one after 24 h and the other after 6 days; the other two infections were diagnosed after 53 days and the other after 66 days. The germs responsible of the infections were a Staphylococcus capitals, an Escherichia coli, a Klebsiella pneumonia, and a Staphylococcus aureus.

Conclusions
Shunts will always be implanted especially in new-borns and for particular aetiologies of hydrocephalus. To reduce the rate of infection, the best thing to do is to adopt adapted protocols. Our low incidence of infection rate for shunts represent a long history to research preventive factors that helped us to improve our results during the time.
Curcumin promotes ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma via upregulation of ACSL4
Authors: Jiang Yulang , Hui Dengcheng , Pan Ziyang , Yu Yongxin , Liu Lu , Yu Xiaofan , Wu Chao , Sun Mingyu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Ferroptosis, a novel iron-ion-dependent metabolic cell death mode with lipid peroxides as the main driving substrate, plays an irreplaceable role in the development and preventive treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Curcumin has potent pharmacological anti-tumor effects.

Aim of the study
We aimed to evaluate the ex vivo and in vivo cancer inhibitory activity of curcumin and its specific mechanism of action.

Materials and Methods
We used the hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines HepG2 and SMMC7721 to assess the direct inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation by curcumin in vitro and a tumor xenograft model to evaluate the in vivo cancer inhibitory effect of curcumin.

Results
In this study, we found that ferroptosis’s inhibitors specifically reversed the curcumin-induced cell death pattern in HCC. After curcumin intervention, there was a substantial increase in MDA levels and iron ion levels, and a decrease in intracellular GSH levels. Meanwhile, the expression of GPX4 and SLC7A11 was significantly reduced at the protein levels, while ACSL4 and PTGS2 expression was significantly increased.

Conclusions
This study showed that curcumin significantly decreased the proliferation of HCC cells and significantly increased the sensitivity of ferroptosis. These results suggest that ACSL4 is a viable target for curcumin-induced ferroptosis in treating HCC.
Profinite groups with soluble centralisers
Authors: Shumyatsky Pavel , Thillaisundaram Anitha 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe show that a profinite group, in which the centralisers of non-trivial elements are metabelian, is either virtually pro-p or virtually soluble of derived length at most 4. We furthermore show that a prosoluble group, in which the centralisers of non-trivial elements are soluble of bounded derived length, is either soluble or virtually pro-p.
The Study of Geographical Distribution in the Analysis of Domestication as an Evolutionary Process: Tensions in Alphonse de Candolle’s Approach
Authors: Álvarez-Tostado Miriam , Bueno-Hernández Alfredo , Barahona Ana , Juárez-Barrera Fabiola 
Published: September 2024

AbstractInterest in the study of domesticated plants increased near the end of the 18th century, mainly because of their economic potential. In the 19th century, there was a new focus on the historical understanding of species, their origin, changes in their distribution, and their evolutionary history. Charles Darwin developed an extended interpretation of species domestication, considering variations, reproduction, inheritance, and modification as standard processes between wild and domesticated organisms. In this context, one relatively neglected aspect was the geographical distribution of domesticated species. Alphonse de Candolle addressed and developed in detail the question of the geographical origin of cultivated plants. Since 1836 Alphonse de Candolle had been studying the topic and obtained evidence that contributed to understanding aspects such as the center of origin, dispersion, competition, selection, and time of domestication. Although Darwin himself admitted that Géographie botanique raisonnée (de Candolle, Alphonse,de. Géographie botanique raisonnée; ou, exposition des faits principaux et des lois concernant la distribution géographique des plantes de l’epoque actuelle, 2ème tome. Paris: Masson.) was of great help to him in the development of his evolutionary theory, the importance of de Candolle’s contribution is seldom recognized. Our purpose is to detail the dialogue between Alphonse de Candolle and Darwin on the geography of domesticated plants, to understand some of the most critical discussions that contributed to the reinterpretation of domestication under the Darwinian proposal of modified descent.
Human and social capital and ethnically diverse founding teams in high-tech industries
Authors: Nasra Muhammed Abu , Oliver Amalya L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of ethnicity within founding teams of high-tech ventures and asks whether such diversity confers advantages or disadvantages. Drawing on theories of human and social capital, we aim to illuminate the potential benefits of ethnic diversity in founding teams, with a particular focus on the roles played by ethnic and industry contexts. Our analysis encompasses data from 1,217 Israeli high-tech ventures operating between 1996 and 2015, spanning two key industries: life sciences (LS) and information technology (IT). We systematically evaluate the characteristics of these ventures across various dimensions of human and social capital, comparing those with ethnically diversity founding teams—including both Jewish and Arab members—with those characterized by ethnically homogeneous teams. Our findings indicate that ventures with diversity teams generally achieve higher values across most measured variables, particularly within the LS industry. However, ventures with exclusively Jewish founding teams maintain an edge in variables related to fundraising across both industries. Our study concludes that ethnically diverse founding teams benefit significantly from the bonding and bridging knowledge networks they establish, which are particularly enhanced by higher education within the life sciences sector. Additionally, founders’ human and social capital contribute to the development of expansive networks that foster knowledge, capabilities, and expertise across diverse domains. We discuss the implications of these findings and suggest directions for future research in this evolving field.
Explaining outliers and anomalous groups via subspace density contrastive loss
Authors: Angiulli Fabrizio , Fassetti Fabio , Nisticò Simona , Palopoli Luigi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractExplainable AI refers to techniques by which the reasons underlying decisions taken by intelligent artifacts are single out and provided to users. Outlier detection is the task of individuating anomalous objects within a given data population they belong to. In this paper we propose a new technique to explain why a given data object has been singled out as anomalous. The explanation our technique returns also includes counterfactuals, each of which denotes a possible way to “repair” the outlier to make it an inlier. Thus, given in input a reference data population and an object deemed to be anomalous, the aim is to provide possible explanations for the anomaly of the input object, where an explanation consists of a subset of the features, called choice, and an associated set of changes to be applied, called mask, in order to make the object “behave normally”. The paper presents a deep learning architecture exploiting a features choice module and mask generation module in order to learn both components of explanations. The learning procedure is guided by an ad-hoc loss function that simultaneously maximizes (minimizes, resp.) the isolation of the input outlier before applying the mask (resp., after the application of the mask returned by the mask generation module) within the subspace singled out by the features choice module, all that while also minimizing the number of features involved in the selected choice. We consider also the case in which a common explanation is required for a group of outliers provided together in input. We present experiments on both artificial and real data sets and a comparison with competitors validating the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Continued fractions for cycle-alternating permutations
Authors: Deb Bishal , Sokal Alan D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA permutation is said to be cycle-alternating if it has no cycle double rises, cycle double falls or fixed points; thus each index i is either a cycle valley ($$\sigma ^{-1}(i)>i<\sigma (i)$$

σ

-
1

(
i
)

>
i
<
σ

(
i
)

) or a cycle peak ($$\sigma ^{-1}(i)<i>\sigma (i)$$

σ

-
1

(
i
)

<
i
>
σ

(
i
)

). We find Stieltjes-type continued fractions for some multivariate polynomials that enumerate cycle-alternating permutations with respect to a large (sometimes infinite) number of simultaneous statistics that measure cycle status, record status, crossings and nestings along with the parity of the indices. Our continued fractions are specializations of more general continued fractions of Sokal and Zeng. We then introduce alternating Laguerre digraphs, which are generalization of cycle-alternating permutations, and find exponential generating functions for some polynomials enumerating them. We interpret the Stieltjes–Rogers and Jacobi–Rogers matrices associated to some of our continued fractions in terms of alternating Laguerre digraphs.
Representational Pluralism in Science Education
Authors: Flores-Camacho Fernando , Gallegos-Cázares Leticia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis essay analyses the theme of representational pluralism in science education and a possible interpretation through the inferential-pragmatic conception of scientific representations. A brief description of two principal conceptions of scientific representations (the semantic-structural and the inferential-pragmatic conceptions) and their implications for unicity and plurality are presented to compare how those philosophical approaches can help understand representational plurality in science education. Subsequently, a brief analysis of different topics of science education is made to determine relevant classes of representational plurality in science education: Plurality and coexistence of representations in subjects in a school context; plurality in diverse cultural contexts; plurality by approaches and methods of research; plurality and perspectivism. In the discussion and conclusions, those classes of representational plurality are analysed from the inferential conception of representations, and themes such as proliferation, reduction, normativity, and building in plurality are discussed. The conclusions point to the understanding that representational plurality is not a subject’s deviation from the norm of scientific and school representations; instead, it is inherent to the subjects’ construction of representations, individually and collectively. Certainly, this implies that the separation from the semantic-structural approach of scientific representations must be accomplished by cancelling any similarity condition for representations. Plural representations imply that teaching requires the construction of new scenarios for students to consider the intentionality of representations and interpret them more coherently with the expectations of scientific disciplines in diverse cultural contexts.
The ontology of videogames
Authors: Declos Alexandre 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWhat are the identity and persistence conditions of videogames? This paper surveys the contemporary philosophical literature on this topic. Specifically, I discuss various views which attempt to ground the identity of videogame works in their rules, in their algorithmic structure, in their source code, or in contextual parameters surrounding gameplay. While these proposals all have merits of their own, I argue that none of them are satisfactory. My conclusion is therefore negative: we still lack an adequate theoretical model to account for the identity and persistence conditions of videogames.
International expert consensus statement: surgical failure in obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Iannella Giannicola , Pace Annalisa , Magliulo Giuseppe , Vicini Claudio , Lugo Rodolfo , Vanderveken Olivier M. , de Vries Nico , Pang Kenny , Thuler Eric , Jacobowitz Ofer , Cahali Michel Burihan , Maurer Joachim T. , Casale Manuele , Moffa Antonio , Salamanca Fabrizio , Leone Federico , Olszewska Ewa , Reina Carlos O’connor , Zancanella Edilson , Hoff Paul T. , Baptista Peter , Bahgat Ahmed Yassin , Ravesloot Madeline J. L. , van Maanen Peter , Goldberg Andrew , Carrasco Marina , Agrawal Vikas K. , Lechien Jerome R. , De Vito Andrea , Cammaroto Giovanni , De Virgilio Armando , Greco Antonio , Mancini Patrizia , Perrone Tiziano , Amado Steve , Alkan Uri , Cheong Ryan Chin Taw , D’Ecclesia Aurelio , Galantai Dorina , RajuAnand Anand , Calvo-Henriquez Christian , Cocuzza Salvatore , Arigliani Michele , Saibene Alberto Maria , Aragona Rosario Marchese , Maniaci Antonino 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Upper airway (UA) surgery is commonly employed in the treatment of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The intricate pathophysiology of OSA, variability in sites and patterns of UA collapse, and the interaction between anatomical and non-anatomical factors in individual patients may contribute to possible surgical failures. This clinical consensus statement aims to identify areas of agreement among a development group comprising international experts in OSA surgery, regarding the appropriate definition, predictive factors in patients, and management of surgical failure in OSA treatment.

Methods
A clinical consensus statement (CCS) was developed using the Delphi method by a panel of 35 contributors from various countries. A systematic literature review adhering to PRISMA guidelines was conducted. A survey consisting of 60 statements was then formulated and presented to the experts.

Results
Following two rounds of the Delphi process, consensus or strong consensus was achieved on 36 items, while 24 items remained without consensus. Specifically, 5 out of 10 statements reached consensus regarding on the 'Definition of Surgical Success/Failure after OSA Surgery'. Regarding the 'Predictive Factors of Surgical Failure in OSA Surgery', consensus was reached on 10 out of 13 statements. In the context of the 'Diagnostic Workup in OSA Surgery', consensus was achieved on 9 out of 13 statements. Lastly, in 'Treatment in Surgical Failure Cases', consensus was reached on 12 out of 24 statements.

Conclusion
The management of OSA after surgical failure presents a significant clinical challenge for sleep specialists. This CCS provides valuable guidance for defining, preventing, and addressing surgical failures in the treatment of OSA syndrome.