bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic features and genetic background of inflammatory bowel disease complicated with Takayasu arteritis
Authors: Akiyama Shintaro , Fujii Toshimitsu , Matsuoka Katsuyoshi , Yusuke Ebana , Negi Mariko , Takenaka Kento , Nagahori Masakazu , Ohtsuka Kazuo , Isobe Mitsuaki , Watanabe Mamoru 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackground and AimTakayasu arteritis (TA) is occasionally complicated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study assessed the endoscopic and genetic features of IBD complicated with TA (IBD‐TA).MethodsThis study retrospectively reviewed the clinical charts of 142 TA patients (14 men and 128 women; median age 48.5 years [range, 18–97 years]). Human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) types and a single‐nucleotide polymorphism rs6871626 in the IL12B gene were assessed in 101 and 81 patients with TA, respectively.ResultsInflammatory bowel disease was diagnosed in 13 (9.2%) of the 142 patients. The endoscopic features of IBD‐TA at initial diagnosis (n = 8) showed discontinuous and focal mucosal inflammations (n = 7, 87.5%), and only one case was diagnosed as ulcerative colitis (UC) at the first colonoscopy. In the genetic comparison of HLA class I between TA patients with IBD and those without IBD, HLA‐B*52:01 and C*12:02 were more frequent in the IBD‐TA group (P = 0.001 and P = 0.009, respectively). Meanwhile, HLA‐DRB‐1*15:02, DQA‐1*01:03, DQB‐1*06:01, and DPB‐1*09:01 as HLA class II were positively associated with IBD‐TA (P = 0.004, P = 0.019, P = 0.019, and P = 0.002, respectively). IL12B rs6871626 did not show an association with IBD‐TA compared with that with TA without IBD.ConclusionsThe endoscopic findings of IBD‐TA at initial diagnosis were atypical for UC or Crohn's disease. IBD‐TA possessed the HLA haplotype, which had a susceptible effect on UC.
A Cluster of Group A Streptococcal Infections in a Skilled Nursing Facility—the Potential Role of Healthcare Worker Presenteeism
Authors: Kobayashi Miwako , Lyman Meghan M. , Francois Watkins Louise K. , Toews Karrie‐Ann , Bullard Leon , Radcliffe Rachel A. , Beall Bernard , Langley Gayle , Beneden Chris Van , Stone Nimalie D. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesTo determine the extent of a group A streptococcus (GAS) cluster (2 residents with invasive GAS (invasive case‐patients), 2 carriers) caused by a single strain (T antigen type 2 and M protein gene subtype 2.0 (T2, emm 2.0)), evaluate factors contributing to transmission, and provide recommendations for disease control.DesignCross‐sectional analysis and retrospective review.SettingSkilled nursing facility (SNF).ParticipantsSNF residents and staff.MeasurementsThe initial cluster was identified through laboratory notification and screening of SNF residents with wounds. Laboratory and SNF administrative records were subsequently reviewed to identify additional residents with GAS, oropharyngeal and wound (if present) swabs were collected from SNF staff and residents to examine GAS colonization, staff were surveyed to assess infection control practices and risk factors for GAS colonization, epidemiologic links between case‐patients and persons colonized with GAS were determined, and facility infection control practices were assessed.ResultsNo additional invasive case‐patients were identified. Oropharyngeal swabs obtained from all 167 SNF residents were negative; one wound swab grew GAS that was the same as the outbreak strain (T2, emm 2.0). The outbreak strain was not identified in any of the 162 staff members. One of six staff members diagnosed with GAS pharyngitis worked while ill and had direct contact with invasive case‐patients within a few weeks before their onset of symptoms. Additional minor breaches in infection control were noted.ConclusionSick healthcare workers may have introduced GAS into the SNF, with propagation by infection control lapses. “Presenteeism,” or working while ill, may introduce and transmit GAS to vulnerable in SNF populations. Identification of an invasive GAS case‐patient should trigger a prompt response by facilities to prevent further transmission and workplace culture, and policies should be in place to discourage presenteeism in healthcare settings.
Effects of Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension diet on androgens, antioxidant status and body composition in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Azadi‐Yazdi M. , Karimi‐Zarchi M. , Salehi‐Abargouei A. , Fallahzadeh H. , Nadjarzadeh A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disease in reproductive age women. The present study aimed to determine the effects of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet on reproductive hormones, plasma total antioxidant status and anthropometric indices in overweight and obese PCOS women.MethodsIn this randomised controlled clinical trial, 60 women with PCOS were randomly assigned to one of two diets with energy restriction: the DASH diet and a control diet. The DASH and control diets consisted of 50–55% carbohydrate, 15–20% protein and 25–30% total fat. The DASH diet was designed to be rich in vegetables, fruits, whole grains and low‐fat dairy products, as well as low in saturated fats, cholesterol, refined grains and sweets. In the present study, the anthropometric indices, body composition, total testosterone, androstenedione, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), free androgen index and 2,2′‐diphenyl‐1‐picryylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity were measured before and after 3 months.ResultsThe consumption of DASH diet compared to the control diet was associated with a significant reduction in weight [−5.78 (1.91) kg versus −4.34 (2.87) kg, P = 0.032], body mass index (BMI) [−2.29 (0.15) kg m–2 versus −1.69 (0.20) kg m–2, P = 0.02], fat mass [−3.23(1.66) kg versus −2.13 (1.26) kg, P = 0.008] and serum androstenedione [−1.75 (1.39) ng mL–1 versus −1.02 (0.72) ng mL–1, P‐value = 0.019]. Increased concentrations of SHBG [28.80 (21.71) versus 11.66(18.82) nmol L–1, P = 0.003) and DPPH scavenging activity [30.23% (19.09) versus 12.97% (25.12) were also found in the DASH group.ConclusionsThe DASH diet could improve weight loss, BMI and fat mass. Furthermore, it could result in a significant reduction in serum androstenedione and a significant increase in antioxidant status and SHBG.
An Institutional Configurational Approach to Cross‐National Diversity in Corporate Governance
Authors: Haxhi Ilir , Aguilera Ruth V. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCorporate governance (CG) research has typically been studied from rather disparate disciplinary approaches, thereby offering myopic and often conflicting rationales. We develop an institutional configurational approach to integrate this ‘siloed’ field and explain CG patterns around the world. To do so, we draw on an inductive, theory‐building methodology based on fuzzy‐set logic to uncover the configurations across institutional actor‐centred domains and their impact on CG patterns. Empirically, we explore the necessary and sufficient causal conditions leading to different features of codes of good governance across 32 OECD countries. We generate propositions linking configurational institutional domains to code features. Our results show that a single institutional domain by itself is not sufficient to explain CG outcomes, and that these domains need to be considered in conjunction, leading, in turn, to the identification of four distinct configurational governance prototypes. Our study offers a comprehensive account of drivers of cross‐national differences in CG and yields useful insights for managing and regulating governance.
Diffusion Tensor Imaging‐Defined Sulcal Enlargement Is Related to Cognitive Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Keser Zafer , Hasan Khader M. , Mwangi Benson , Gabr Refaat E. , Nelson Flavia M. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSECerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain can be compartmentalized into two main divisions: ventricular CSF and subarachnoid space (sulcal CSF). Changes in CSF volumetry are seen in many neurological conditions including multiple sclerosis (MS) and found to correlate with clinical outcomes. We aimed to test the relation between the volumetry of sulcal and ventricular CSF and cognitive impairment (CI) based on the minimal assessment of cognitive function in MS (MACFIMS) in patients with MS.MATERIAL AND METHODSForty‐six patients with MS underwent the MACFIMS battery and classified as nonimpaired (MSNI) (n = 10) and cognitively impaired (MSCI) (n = 30) and borderline (MSBD) MS patients (n = 6). Volumes of sulcal and ventricular CSF along with global gray and white matter volumes and cortical thickness were obtained by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and T1‐weighted (T1w)‐based segmentation. These measures were statistically analyzed for associations with CI after adjusting for the age, education in years, lesion load, and disease duration.RESULTSSulcal CSF showed the strongest correlation with CI (r = .51, P = .001) in our cohort, whereas ventricular CSF (P = .28, P = .19) along with cortical thickness and gray matter volume failed to show a significant correlation. Group analyses unadjusted for multiple comparisons showed significant difference in volumes of sulcal CSF and ventricular CSF between MSNI and MSCI groups (P < .05).CONCLUSIONSulcal CSF correlates with CI in patients with MS, possibly explained by cortical atrophy. DTI/T1w‐based sulcal CSF segmentation method might be used as an indirect and simple neuroimaging marker to monitor CI in MS patients.
A clinicopathological study of the oral lesions of Cowden disease
Authors: Hammerschmidt Mariana , Lourenço Silvia Vanessa , Nico Marcello Menta Simonsen 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundCowden disease is a multisystemic cancer predisposition disorder, inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. Cutaneous and visceral lesions are either malignant tumours or are believed to represent hamartomatous growths. Mucocutaneous lesions are present on almost 100% of affected individuals. Nonetheless, some authors consider that the mucocutaneous manifestations of Cowden disease are, in reality, viral warts at distinct steps of evolution. There are only a few studies regarding the oral manifestations of Cowden disease.ObjectivesTo study the oral manifestations of Cowden disease in nine patients clinically and histopathologically.MethodsThe oral mucosal aspects of nine patients with clinical diagnosis of Cowden disease were photographed, and biopsies were taken from typical lesions.ResultsAll biopsied lesions depicted histopathological aspects suggestive of viral warts at distinct steps of development: incipient, well established and in regression.ConclusionOur findings seem to reinforce the poorly understood hypothesis that the mucocutaneous manifestations of Cowden disease are in reality viral warts. Additional studies are needed to explain why a syndrome caused by the mutation of a tumour suppression gene may cause propensity to warts.
Thermophysical properties of Almahata Sitta meteorites (asteroid 2008 TC3) for high‐fidelity entry modeling
Authors: Loehle Stefan , Jenniskens Peter , Böhrk Hannah , Bauer Thomas , Elsäβer Henning , Sears Derek W. , Zolensky Michael E. , Shaddad Muawia H. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAsteroid 2008 TC3 was characterized in a unique manner prior to impacting Earth's atmosphere, making its October 7, 2008, impact a suitable field test for or validating the application of high‐fidelity re‐entry modeling to asteroid entry. The accurate modeling of the behavior of 2008 TC3 during its entry in Earth's atmosphere requires detailed information about the thermophysical properties of the asteroid's meteoritic materials at temperatures ranging from room temperature up to the point of ablation (T ~ 1400 K). Here, we present measurements of the thermophysical properties up to these temperatures (in a 1 atm. pressure of argon) for two samples of the Almahata Sitta meteorites from asteroid 2008 TC3: a thick flat‐faced ureilite suitably shaped for emissivity measurements and a thin flat‐faced EL6 enstatite chondrite suitable for diffusivity measurements. Heat capacity was determined from the elemental composition and density from a 3‐D laser scan of the sample. We find that the thermal conductivity of the enstatite chondrite material decreases more gradually as a function of temperature than expected, while the emissivity of the ureilitic material decreases at a rate of 9.5 × 10−5 K−1 above 770 K. The entry scenario is the result of the actual flight path being the boundary to the load the meteorite will be affected with when entering. An accurate heat load prediction depends on the thermophysical properties. Finally, based on these data, the breakup can be calculated accurately leading to a risk assessment for ground damage.
A Puzzle about Knowing Conditionals
Authors: Rothschild Daniel , Spectre Levi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe present a puzzle about knowledge, probability and conditionals. We show that in certain cases some basic and plausible principles governing our reasoning come into conflict. In particular, we show that there is a simple argument that a person may be in a position to know a conditional the consequent of which has a low probability conditional on its antecedent, contra Adams’ Thesis. We suggest that the puzzle motivates a very strong restriction on the inference of a conditional from a disjunction.
A dominant‐negative actin mutation alters corolla tube width and pollinator visitation in Mimulus lewisii
Authors: Ding Baoqing , Mou Fengjuan , Sun Wei , Chen Shilin , Peng Foen , Bradshaw Harvey D. , Yuan Yao‐Wu 
Published: November 2016

Summary

A third of all angiosperm species produce flowers with petals fused into a corolla tube. The various elaborations of corolla tube attributes, such as length, width and curvature, have enabled plants to exploit many specialized pollinator groups. These elaborations often differ dramatically among closely related species, contributing to pollinator shift and pollinator‐mediated reproductive isolation and speciation. However, very little is known about the genetic and developmental control of these corolla tube attributes.

Here we report the characterization of a semi‐dominant mutant in the monkeyflower species Mimulus lewisii, with a substantial decrease in corolla tube width but no change in tube length. This morphological alteration leads to a ˜ 70% decrease in bumblebee visitation rate for the homozygous mutant compared to the wild‐type.

Through bulk segregant analysis and transgenic experiment, we show that the mutant phenotype is caused by a dominant‐negative mutation in an actin gene. This mutation decreases epidermal cell width but not length, and probably also reduces the number of lateral cell divisions.

These results suggest a surprising potential role for a ‘housekeeping’ gene in fine‐tuning the development of an ecologically important floral trait.
Weak coordination between leaf structure and function among closely related tomato species
Authors: Muir Christopher D. , Conesa Miquel À. , Roldán Emilio J. , Molins Arántzazu , Galmés Jeroni 
Published: November 2016

Summary

Theory predicts that natural selection should favor coordination between leaf physiology, biochemistry and anatomical structure along a functional trait spectrum from fast, resource‐acquisitive syndromes to slow, resource‐conservative syndromes. However, the coordination hypothesis has rarely been tested at a phylogenetic scale most relevant for understanding rapid adaptation in the recent past or for the prediction of evolutionary trajectories in response to climate change.

We used a common garden to examine genetically based coordination between leaf traits across 19 wild and cultivated tomato taxa.

We found weak integration between leaf structure (e.g. leaf mass per area) and physiological function (photosynthetic rate, biochemical capacity and CO2 diffusion), even though all were arrayed in the predicted direction along a ‘fast–slow’ spectrum.

This suggests considerable scope for unique trait combinations to evolve in response to new environments or in crop breeding. In particular, we found that partially independent variation in stomatal and mesophyll conductance may allow a plant to improve water‐use efficiency without necessarily sacrificing maximum photosynthetic rates. Our study does not imply that functional trait spectra, such as the leaf economics spectrum, are unimportant, but that many important axes of variation within a taxonomic group may be unique and not generalizable to other taxa.
Relationships between soil fungal and woody plant assemblages differ between ridge and valley habitats in a subtropical mountain forest
Authors: Gao Cheng , Shi Nan‐Nan , Chen Liang , Ji Niu‐Niu , Wu Bin‐Wei , Wang Yong‐Long , Xu Ying , Zheng Yong , Mi Xiang‐Cheng , Ma Ke‐Ping , Guo Liang‐Dong 
Published: November 2016

Summary

Elucidating interactions of above‐ground and below‐ground communities in different habitat types is essential for understanding biodiversity maintenance and ecosystem functioning.

Using 454 pyrosequencing of ITS2 sequences we examined the relationship between subtropical mountain forest soil fungal communities, abiotic conditions, and plant communities using correlation and partial models.

Ridge and valley habitats with differing fungal communities were delineated. Total, saprotrophic and pathogenic fungal richness were significantly correlated with plant species richness and/or soil nutrients and moisture in the ridge habitat, but with habitat convexity or basal area of Castanopsis eyrei in the valley habitat. Ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungal richness was significantly correlated with basal area of C. eyrei and total EM plants in the ridge and valley habitats, respectively. Total, saprotrophic, pathogenic and EM fungal compositions were significantly correlated with plant species composition and geographic distance in the ridge habitat, but with various combinations of plant species composition, plant species richness, soil C : N ratio and pH or no variables in the valley habitat.

Our findings suggest that mechanisms influencing soil fungal diversity and community composition differ between ridge and valley habitats, and relationships between fungal and woody plant assemblages depend on habitat types in the subtropical forest ecosystem.
Development and molecular cytogenetic identification of a new wheat–Leymus mollis Lm#6Ns disomic addition line
Authors: Yang Xiaofei , Wang Changyou , Li Xin , Tian Zengrong , Chen Chunhuan , Wang Yajuan , Ji Wanquan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe developed a new disomic addition line M11028‐1‐1‐5 (2n = 44 = 21” + 1”) from a cross between wheat cv. ‘7182’ and octoploid Tritileymus M47 (2n = 8x = 56, AABBDDNsNs). Cytological observations demonstrated that M11028‐1‐1‐5 contained 44 chromosomes and formed 22 bivalents during meiotic metaphase I. The genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) investigations showed this line contained 42 wheat chromosomes and a pair of L. mollis chromosomes. SSR, EST and PCR‐based landmark unique gene (PLUG) markers were screened to determine the homoeologous relationships of the introduced L. mollis chromosomes in wheat background. Nine markers, i.e. Xwmc256, Xgpw312, Swes123, CD452568, BF483643, BQ169205, TNAC1748, TNAC1751 and TNAC1752, all of which were located on the homoeologous group 6 chromosomes of common wheat, amplified bands unique to L. mollis in M11028‐1‐1‐5. Gliadin analysis also confirmed that the added chromosomes in M11028‐1‐1‐5 were correlated with the sixth group chromosome. This indicated that M11028‐1‐1‐5 contained a pair of introduced L. mollis chromosome belonging to homoeologous group 6, which we designated it as Lm#6Ns disomic addition line. This is the first report of a common wheat–L. mollis disomic addition line.
The Predicative Predicament
Authors: Schoubye Anders J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe‐Predicativism is the view that names are count nouns. For example, the meaning of the name ‘Louise’ is roughly the property of being called Louise. Moreover, proponents of this view maintain that names that are ostensibly in argument position of a predicate are covert definite descriptions. In recent years, The‐Predicativism has acquired a number of new supporters, mainly Elbourne (), Matushansky (), and Fara (). And while it was pointed out by Kripke () that these kinds of views generally struggle with capturing the rigidity of proper names, these new views are alleged to solve this problem. In this paper I argue that the more recent versions of the view continue to struggle. In particular, I show that the views fail to provide an explanatory and/or empirically adequate analysis of rigidity. My discussions of these views are then supplemented with a general diagnosis of the problem and an explanation of why it is unlikely to be solved by The‐Predicativism.
Perceived control increases the reward positivity and stimulus preceding negativity
Authors: Mühlberger Christina , Angus Douglas Jozef , Jonas Eva , Harmon‐Jones Cindy , Harmon‐Jones Eddie 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe reward positivity (RewP) and the stimulus preceding negativity (SPN), two ERPs associated with reward delivery and reward anticipation, are modulated by motivational intensity. Motivational intensity is the effort organisms would make to exert behaviors, and it varies with the difficulty of exerting that behavior. If a task is perceived as impossible, which means that one does not have control over own outcomes, motivational intensity is low. In the current study, we tested the prediction that perceiving control over one's outcomes increases both the RewP to feedback and the SPN prior to feedback compared to perceiving no control. We also examined whether P300 and LPP amplitudes to reward and nonreward images were similarly modulated. Twenty‐five female participants completed a gambling task in which correct choices were followed by pictures of attractive men and incorrect choices were followed by pictures of rocks. To manipulate perceived control, participants were told that, in one block of trials, they could learn a mouse‐click rule in order to see only pictures of men (high perceived control condition), while in the other block, the pictures would appear randomly (low perceived control condition). However, in both conditions, feedback appeared randomly. Although the RewP was elicited in both blocks, the RewP and SPN were higher in the high perceived control condition (i.e., when participants thought that they could influence their outcomes). Perceived control did not modulate the P300 and LPP to pictures. The results suggest that approach motivation and its intensity modulate the processing of performance feedback.