bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A redox-neutral catechol synthesis
Authors: Wu Qian , Yan Dingyuan , Chen Ying , Wang Ting , Xiong Feng , Wei Wei , Lu Yi , Sun Wei-Yin , Li Jie Jack , Zhao Jing 
Published: January 2017

AbstractUbiquitous tyrosinase catalyses the aerobic oxidation of phenols to catechols through the binuclear copper centres. Here, inspired by the Fischer indole synthesis, we report an iridium-catalysed tyrosinase-like approach to catechols, employing an oxyacetamide-directed C–H hydroxylation on phenols. This method achieves one-step, redox-neutral synthesis of catechols with diverse substituent groups under mild conditions. Mechanistic studies confirm that the directing group (DG) oxyacetamide acts as the oxygen source. This strategy has been applied to the synthesis of different important catechols with fluorescent property and bioactivity from the corresponding phenols. Finally, our method also provides a convenient route to 18O-labelled catechols using 18O-labelled acetic acid.
Nurturing a lexical legacy: reading experience is critical for the development of word reading skill
Authors: Nation Kate 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe scientific study of reading has taught us much about the beginnings of reading in childhood, with clear evidence that the gateway to reading opens when children are able to decode, or ‘sound out’ written words. Similarly, there is a large evidence base charting the cognitive processes that characterise skilled word recognition in adults. Less understood is how children develop word reading expertise. Once basic reading skills are in place, what factors are critical for children to move from novice to expert? This paper outlines the role of reading experience in this transition. Encountering individual words in text provides opportunities for children to refine their knowledge about how spelling represents spoken language. Alongside this, however, reading experience provides much more than repeated exposure to individual words in isolation. According to the lexical legacy perspective, outlined in this paper, experiencing words in diverse and meaningful language environments is critical for the development of word reading skill. At its heart is the idea that reading provides exposure to words in many different contexts, episodes and experiences which, over time, sum to a rich and nuanced database about their lexical history within an individual’s experience. These rich and diverse encounters bring about local variation at the word level: a lexical legacy that is measurable during word reading behaviour, even in skilled adults.
Pyrintegrin Induces Soft Tissue Formation by Transplanted or Endogenous Cells
Authors: Shah Bhranti S. , Chen Mo , Suzuki Takahiro , Embree Mildred , Kong Kimi , Lee Chang H. , He Ling , Xiang Lusai , Ahn Jeffrey A. , Ding Sheng , Mao Jeremy J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractFocal adipose deficiency, such as lipoatrophy, lumpectomy or facial trauma, is a formidable challenge in reconstructive medicine, and yet scarcely investigated in experimental studies. Here, we report that Pyrintegrin (Ptn), a 2,4-disubstituted pyrimidine known to promote embryonic stem cells survival, is robustly adipogenic and induces postnatal adipose tissue formation in vivo of transplanted adipose stem/progenitor cells (ASCs) and recruited endogenous cells. In vitro, Ptn stimulated human adipose tissue derived ASCs to differentiate into lipid-laden adipocytes by upregulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBPα), with differentiated cells increasingly secreting adiponectin, leptin, glycerol and total triglycerides. Ptn-primed human ASCs seeded in 3D-bioprinted biomaterial scaffolds yielded newly formed adipose tissue that expressed human PPARγ, when transplanted into the dorsum of athymic mice. Remarkably, Ptn-adsorbed 3D scaffolds implanted in the inguinal fat pad had enhanced adipose tissue formation, suggesting Ptn’s ability to induce in situ adipogenesis of endogenous cells. Ptn promoted adipogenesis by upregulating PPARγ and C/EBPα not only in adipogenesis induction medium, but also in chemically defined medium specifically for osteogenesis, and concurrently attenuated Runx2 and Osx via BMP-mediated SMAD1/5 phosphorylation. These findings suggest Ptn’s novel role as an adipogenesis inducer with a therapeutic potential in soft tissue reconstruction and augmentation.
Body mass index moderates the relationship between C-reactive protein and depressive symptoms: evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
Authors: Qin Tingting , Liu Wenhua , Yin Minghui , Shu Chang , Yan Mingming , Zhang Jianyuan , Yin Ping 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate the role of abnormal body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) in the depression-CRP (C-reactive protein) relationship in a healthy middle-aged and elderly Chinese population. Analytical samples were drawn from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), and participants were categorized by different BMI levels. Depressive subtypes were evaluated both at baseline and follow-up using the Center for Epidemiology Studies Depression scale. Hs-CRP and other variables were measured at baseline. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationship between depression and baseline hs-CRP. Depression was significantly negatively associated with BMI (ρ = −0.077,p < 0.0001), with underweight associated with worse depressive symptoms than other BMI groups. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between serum hs-CRP and depressive subtypes were significantly positive in the underweight group (p < 0.05). However, in the other BMI groups (from normal weight to obesity), the CRP-depression relationship was no longer significant (p > 0.05). The significant relationship between CRP and depression in the underweight group suggested that not only obesity but also a low BMI could explain a substantial portion of the inflammation-depression link.
Low level of swiprosin-1/EFhd2 in vestibular nuclei of spontaneously hypersensitive motion sickness mice
Authors: Wang Zhi-Bin , Han Ping , Tong Ling-Chang , Luo Yi , Su Wei-Heng , Wei Xin , Yu Xu-Hong , Liu Wei-Ye , Zhang Xiu-Hua , Lei Hong , Li Zhen-Zhen , Wang Fang , Chen Jian-Guo , Ma Tong-Hui , Su Ding-Feng , Li Ling 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSusceptibility to motion sickness (MS) varies considerably among humans. However, the cause of such variation is unclear. Here, we used a classical genetic approach to obtain mouse strains highly sensitive and resistant to MS (SMS and RMS). Proteomics analysis revealed substantially lower swiprosin-1 expression in SMS mouse brains. Inducing MS via rotary stimulation decreased swiprosin-1 in the mouse brains. Swiprosin-1 knockout mice were much more sensitive to motion disturbance. Immunohistochemistry revealed strong swiprosin-1 expression in the vestibular nuclei (VN). Over-expressing swiprosin-1 in the VN of SMS mice decreased MS susceptibility. Down-regulating swiprosin-1 in the VN of RMS mice by RNAi increased MS susceptibility. Additional in vivo experiments revealed decreased swiprosin-1 expression by glutamate via the NMDA receptor. Glutamate increased neuronal excitability in SMS or swiprosin-1 knockout mice more prominently than in RMS or wild-type mice. These results indicate that swiprosin-1 in the VN is a critical determinant of the susceptibility to MS.
One-Pot Green Synthesis of Graphene Nanosheets Encapsulated Gold Nanoparticles for Sensitive and Selective Detection of Dopamine
Authors: Thirumalraj Balamurugan , Rajkumar Chellakannu , Chen Shen-Ming , Palanisamy Selvakumar 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe report a simple new approach for green preparation of gallic acid supported reduced graphene oxide encapsulated gold nanoparticles (GA-RGO/AuNPs) via one-pot hydrothermal method. The as-prepared composites were successfully characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction techniques (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and elemental analysis. The GA-RGO/AuNPs modified electrode behaves as a hybrid electrode material for sensitive and selective detection of dopamine (DA) in presence of ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA). The GA-RGO/AuNPs modified electrode displays an excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of DA and exhibits a wide linear response range over the DA concentrations from 0.01–100.3 μM with a detection limit (LOD) of 2.6 nM based on S/N = 3. In addition, the proposed sensor could be applied for the determination of DA in human serum and urine samples for practical analysis.
Comorbid diseases as risk factors for incident posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a large community cohort (KCIS no.PSY4)
Authors: Chang Jung-Chen , Yen Amy Ming-Fang , Chen Hsiu-Hsi , Chen Sam Li-Sheng , Chiu Sherry Yueh-Hsia , Fann Jean Ching-Yuan , Lee Chau-Shoun 
Published: January 2017

AbstractNature disasters and terrorist attacks have occurred globally in recent years. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has gained increasing attention, but its incidence and comorbidities in the general population are different from those inside the disaster areas. The present study estimated incident PTSD and comorbid diseases for over a decade in a cohort from a community-based integrated screening program. Factors associated with the incidence of PTSD were analyzed using Cox regression models. PTSD incidence was estimated as 81 per 105 person-years. Incidence was higher in females than in males and one-year increments in age lowered the risk for PTSD by 3%. Adjusting for other factors, cardiovascular heart disease (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.45, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03–2.04), bipolar disorder (aHR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.07–3.24) and major depressive disorder (aHR = 7.03, 95% CI: 5.02–9.85) all significantly increased 45%, 86% and 603%, respectively, the risk of developing PTSD. The low rate of people with incident PTSD receiving treatment in this community health screening population implies there is room for improvement in terms of early detection and intervention. Clinical preventive efforts may be made for patients seeking general medical help, especially those with cardiovascular disorders or mood disorders.
Genome-wide divergence, haplotype distribution and population demographic histories for Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense as revealed by genome-anchored SNPs
Authors: Reddy Umesh K. , Nimmakayala Padma , Abburi Venkata Lakshmi , Reddy C. V. C. M. , Saminathan Thangasamy , Percy Richard G. , Yu John Z. , Frelichowski James , Udall Joshua A. , Page Justin T. , Zhang Dong , Shehzad Tariq , Paterson Andrew H. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractUse of 10,129 singleton SNPs of known genomic location in tetraploid cotton provided unique opportunities to characterize genome-wide diversity among 440 Gossypium hirsutum and 219 G. barbadense cultivars and landrace accessions of widespread origin. Using the SNPs distributed genome-wide, we examined genetic diversity, haplotype distribution and linkage disequilibrium patterns in the G. hirsutum and G. barbadense genomes to clarify population demographic history. Diversity and identity-by-state analyses have revealed little sharing of alleles between the two cultivated allotetraploid genomes, with a few exceptions that indicated sporadic gene flow. We found a high number of new alleles, representing increased nucleotide diversity, on chromosomes 1 and 2 in cultivated G. hirsutum as compared with low nucleotide diversity on these chromosomes in landrace G. hirsutum. In contrast, G. barbadense chromosomes showed negative Tajima’s D on several chromosomes for both cultivated and landrace types, which indicate that speciation of G. barbadense itself, might have occurred with relatively narrow genetic diversity. The presence of conserved linkage disequilibrium (LD) blocks and haplotypes between G. hirsutum and G. barbadense provides strong evidence for comparable patterns of evolution in their domestication processes. Our study illustrates the potential use of population genetic techniques to identify genomic regions for domestication.
Both DNA global deformation and repair enzyme contacts mediate flipping of thymine dimer damage
Authors: Knips Alexander , Zacharias Martin 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe photo-induced cis-syn-cyclobutane pyrimidine (CPD) dimer is a frequent DNA lesion. In bacteria photolyases efficiently repair dimers employing a light-driven reaction after flipping out the CPD damage to the active site. How the repair enzyme identifies a damaged site and how the damage is flipped out without external energy is still unclear. Employing molecular dynamics free energy calculations, the CPD flipping process was systematically compared to flipping undamaged nucleotides in various DNA global states and bound to photolyase enzyme. The global DNA deformation alone (without protein) significantly reduces the flipping penalty and induces a partially looped out state of the damage but not undamaged nucleotides. Bound enzyme further lowers the penalty for CPD damage flipping with a lower free energy of the flipped nucleotides in the active site compared to intra-helical state (not for undamaged DNA). Both the reduced penalty and partial looping by global DNA deformation contribute to a significantly shorter mean first passage time for CPD flipping compared to regular nucleotides which increases the repair likelihood upon short time encounter between repair enzyme and DNA.
Thermally induced gas flows in ratchet channels with diffuse and specular boundaries
Authors: Shahabi Vahid , Baier Tobias , Roohi Ehsan , Hardt Steffen 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA net gas flow can be induced in the gap between periodically structured surfaces held at fixed but different temperatures when the reflection symmetry along the channel axis is broken. Such a situation arises when one surface features a ratchet structure and can be augmented by altering the boundary conditions on different parts of this surface, with some regions reflecting specularly and others diffusely. In order to investigate the physical mechanisms inducing the flow in this configuration at various Knudsen numbers and geometric configurations, direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) simulations are employed using transient adaptive subcells for collision partner selection. At large Knudsen numbers the results compare favorably with analytical expressions, while for small Knudsen numbers a qualitative explanation for the flow in the strong temperature inhomogeneity at the tips of the ratchet is provided. A detailed investigation of the performance for various ratchet geometries suggests optimum working conditions for a Knudsen pump based on this mechanism.
Temperature dependent CO2 behavior in microporous 1-D channels of a metal-organic framework with multiple interaction sites
Authors: Kim Dongwook , Park Jaehun , Kim Yung Sam , Lah Myoung Soo 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe MOF with the encapsulated CO2 molecule shows that the CO2 molecule is ligated to the unsaturated Cu(II) sites in the cage using its Lewis basic oxygen atom via an angular η1-(OA) coordination mode and also interacts with Lewis basic nitrogen atoms of the tetrazole ligands using its Lewis acidic carbon atom. Temperature dependent structure analyses indicate the simultaneous weakening of both interactions as temperature increases. Infrared spectroscopy of the MOF confirmed that the CO2 interaction with the framework is temperature dependent. The strength of the interaction is correlated to the separation of the two bending peaks of the bound CO2 rather than the frequency shift of the asymmetric stretching peak from that of free CO2. The encapsulated CO2 in the cage is weakly interacting with the framework at around ambient temperatures and can have proper orientation for wiggling out of the cage through the narrow portals so that the reversible uptake can take place. On the other hand, the CO2 in the cage is restrained at a specific orientation at 195 K since it interacts with the framework strong enough using the multiple interaction sites so that adsorption process is slightly restricted and desorption process is almost clogged.
A de novo deletion mutation in SOX10 in a Chinese family with Waardenburg syndrome type 4
Authors: Wang Xiong , Zhu Yaowu , Shen Na , Peng Jing , Wang Chunyu , Liu Haiyi , Lu Yanjun 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWaardenburg syndrome type 4 (WS4) or Waardenburg-Shah syndrome is a rare genetic disorder with a prevalence of <1/1,000,000 and characterized by the association of congenital sensorineural hearing loss, pigmentary abnormalities, and intestinal aganglionosis. There are three types of WS4 (WS4A–C) caused by mutations in endothelin receptor type B, endothelin 3, and SRY-box 10 (SOX10), respectively. This study investigated a genetic mutation in a Chinese family with one WS4 patient in order to improve genetic counselling. Genomic DNA was extracted, and mutation analysis of the three WS4 related genes was performed using Sanger sequencing. We detected a de novo heterozygous deletion mutation [c.1333delT (p.Ser445Glnfs*57)] in SOX10 in the patient; however, this mutation was absent in the unaffected parents and 40 ethnicity matched healthy controls. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis and three-dimensional modelling of the SOX10 protein confirmed that the c.1333delT heterozygous mutation was pathogenic, indicating that this mutation might constitute a candidate disease-causing mutation.
Conformational Change of a Tryptophan Residue in BtuF Facilitates Binding and Transport of Cobinamide by the Vitamin B12 Transporter BtuCD-F
Authors: Mireku S. A. , Ruetz M. , Zhou T. , Korkhov V. M. , Kräutler B. , Locher K. P. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBtuCD-F is an ABC transporter that mediates cobalamin uptake into Escherichia coli. Early in vivo data suggested that BtuCD-F might also be involved in the uptake of cobinamide, a cobalamin precursor. However, neither was it demonstrated that BtuCD-F indeed transports cobinamide, nor was the structural basis of its recognition known. We synthesized radiolabeled cyano-cobinamide and demonstrated BtuCD-catalyzed in vitro transport, which was ATP- and BtuF-dependent. The crystal structure of cobinamide-bound BtuF revealed a conformational change of a tryptophan residue (W66) in the substrate binding cleft compared to the structure of cobalamin-bound BtuF. High-affinity binding of cobinamide was dependent on W66, because mutation to most other amino acids substantially reduced binding. The structures of three BtuF W66 mutants revealed that tight packing against bound cobinamide was only provided by tryptophan and phenylalanine, in line with the observed binding affinities. In vitro transport rates of cobinamide and cobalamin were not influenced by the substitutions of BtuF W66 under the experimental conditions, indicating that W66 has no critical role in the transport reaction. Our data present the molecular basis of the cobinamide versus cobalamin specificity of BtuCD-F and provide tools for in vitro cobinamide transport and binding assays.
Genotyping of human rhinovirus in adult patients with acute respiratory infections identified predominant infections of genotype A21
Authors: Ren Lili , Yang Donghong , Ren Xianwen , Li Mingkun , Mu Xinlin , Wang Qi , Cao Jie , Hu Ke , Yan Chunliang , Fan Hongwei , Li Xiangxin , Chen Yusheng , Wang Ruiqin , An Fucheng , An Shuchang , Luo Ming , Wang Ying , Xiao Yan , Xiang Zichun , Xiao Yan , Li Li , Huang Fang , Jin Qi , Gao Zhancheng , Wang Jianwei 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHuman rhinovirus (HRV) is an important causative agent of acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs). The roles of specific HRV genotypes in patients suffering from ARTIs have not been well established. We recruited 147 adult inpatients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and 291 adult outpatients with upper ARTIs (URTIs). Respiratory pathogens were screened via PCR assays. HRV was detected in 42 patients, with 35 species A, five B and two C. Seventeen genotypes were identified, and HRV-A21 ranked the highest (9/42, 21.4%). The HRV-A21-positive infections were detected in four patients with CAP and in five with URTIs, all without co-infections. The HRV-A21 genome sequenced in this study contained 12 novel coding polymorphisms in viral protein (VP) 1, VP2 EF loop, VP3 knob and 3D regions. The infections of HRV-A21 virus obtained in this study could not be neutralized by antiserum of HRV-A21 prototype strain (VR-1131), indicating remarkable antigenic variation. Metagenomic analysis showed the HRV-A21 reads were dominant in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the three HRV-A21-positive patients with severe CAP, in which two dead. Our results highlight an unexpected infection of genotype HRV-A21 in the clinic, indicating the necessity of precise genotyping and surveillance of HRVs to improve the clinical management of ARTIs.
Semiclassical ground state solutions for a Choquard type equation in ℝ2with critical exponential growth
Authors: Yang Minbo 
Published: January 2017

In this paper we study a nonlocal singularly perturbed Choquard type equation$$-\varepsilon^2\Delta u +V(x)u =\vr^{\mu-2}\left[\frac{1}{|x|^{\mu}}\ast \big(P(x)G(u)\big)\right]P(x)g(u)$$in ℝ2, whereεis a positive parameter, \hbox{$\frac{1}{|x|^\mu}$} with 0 <μ< 2 is the Riesz potential, ∗ is the convolution operator,V(x),P(x) are two continuous real functions andG(s) is the primitive function ofg(s). Suppose that the nonlinearitygis of critical exponential growth in ℝ2in the sense of the Trudinger-Moser inequality, we establish some existence and concentration results of the semiclassical solutions of the Choquard type equation in the whole plane. As a particular case, the concentration appears at the maximum point set ofP(x) ifV(x) is a constant.
Meeting the challenge of managing visitor experiences at tourism attractions.
Authors: Taylor P. , Frost W. , Laing J. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

This chapter begins by looking at the definition and classification of visitor attractions, before examining the dimensions of the tourism experience and factors that influence their attainment by visitors. It then identifies and discusses several conceptual frameworks that are relevant to the management of visitor experiences at attractions before concluding with a short case study that highlights how collaboration amongst stakeholders at one attraction (a long distance cycle trail in Southern New Zealand) is helping it to manage visitor experiences.
Managing nature-based visitors' perceived service quality, satisfaction and future behaviour intention.
Authors: Lee JooHyun Lee JooHyun , Thapa B. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Service quality, visitor satisfaction and future behavioural intention (i.e. repeat visitation) are a vital part of visitor management (VM) tools in nature-based tourism. This chapter first delineates each construct (service quality, satisfaction and future intention), and then discusses their interrelationships based on a case study at a nature-based destination, the Kafue National Park in Zambia.
Strategies for successful interpretation techniques in visitor attractions: the operationalization of guided tours in museums.
Authors: Durão M. , Carneiro M. J. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

This chapter aims to stimulate reflection and discussion on the design and operationalization of guided tours. Initially, a literature review on guided tours is presented and an extensive list of features that should be taken into account in the implementation of guided tours is identified. Next, empirical research on the implementation of guided tours in a sample of Portuguese museums is carried out and the factors considered in their implementation are analysed. Finally, conclusions and implications relevant both to researchers and museum managers are provided.