bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The random connection model: Connectivity, edge lengths, and degree distributions
Authors: Iyer Srikanth K. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractConsider the random graph whose vertex set is a Poisson point process of intensity n on . Any two vertices are connected by an edge with probability , independently of all other edges, and independent of the other points of . d is the toroidal metric, r > 0 and is non‐increasing and . Under suitable conditions on g, almost surely, the critical parameter Mn for which does not have any isolated nodes satisfies . Let , and θ be the volume of the unit ball in . Then for all , is connected with probability approaching one as . The bound can be seen to be tight for the usual random geometric graph obtained by setting . We also prove some useful results on the asymptotic behavior of the length of the edges and the degree distribution in the connectivity regime. The results in this paper work for connection functions g that are not necessarily compactly supported but satisfy .
Preclinical Evaluation and Optimization of a Cell Therapy Using Human Cord Blood-Derived Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells for Ischemic Retinopathies
Authors: Reid Emma , Guduric-Fuchs Jasenka , O'Neill Christina L. , Allen Lynsey-Dawn , Chambers Sarah E. J. , Stitt Alan W. , Medina Reinhold J. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Cell therapy using endothelial progenitors holds promise for vascular repair in ischemic retinopathies. Using a well-defined subpopulation of human cord blood-derived endothelial progenitors known as endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs), we have evaluated essential requirements for further development of this cell therapy targeting the ischemic retina, including dose response, delivery route, and toxicity. First, to evaluate therapeutic efficacy relating to cell dose, ECFCs were injected into the vitreous of mice with oxygen-induced retinopathy. Using angiography and histology, we found that intravitreal delivery of low dose (1 × 103) ECFCs was as effective as higher cell doses (1 × 104, 1 × 105) in promoting vascular repair. Second, injection into the common carotid artery was tested as an alternative, systemic delivery route. Intracarotid ECFC delivery conferred therapeutic benefit which was comparable to intravitreal delivery using the same ECFC dose (1 × 105), although there were fewer human cells observed in the retinal vasculature following systemic delivery. Third, cell immunogenicity was evaluated by injecting ECFCs into the vitreous of healthy adult mice. Assessment of murine ocular tissues identified injected cells in the vitreous, while demonstrating integrity of the host retina. In addition, ECFCs did not invade into the retina, but remained in the vitreous, where they eventually underwent cell death within 3 days of delivery without evoking an inflammatory response. Human specific Alu sequences were not found in healthy mouse retinas after 3 days of ECFC delivery. These findings provide supportive preclinical evidence for the development of ECFCs as an efficacious cell product for ischemic retinopathies.
1,3,5‐Oxadiazine Framework by Oxygen vs. Nitrogen Trapping of an N‐Acyliminium Ion Derived from N,O‐bis‐TMS Pyroglutamic Acid
Authors: Ghinet Alina , Abuhaie Cristina‐Maria , Homerin Germain , Marzag Hamid , Dubois Joëlle , Lipka Emmanuelle , Rigo Benoît , Daïch Adam 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe report that the reaction of N,O‐bis‐TMS pyroglutamic acid with aldehydes, under basic or acid catalysis leads to O‐bis‐TMS adducts. Treatment of these N,O‐acetals by TfOH affords azalactones or N,N′‐substituted methylene‐bis‐pyroglutamic acids from the trapping of N‐acyliminium species, respectively, with oxygen or nitrogen atom intramolecularly versus intermolecularly. Anodic oxidation of the amido acids, followed by diastereoselective oxa‐cyclisation of new N‐acyliminium salts, provides exclusively fused meso‐1,3,5‐oxadiazines with the stereochemistry secured by X‐ray analysis. The reactivity of these skeletons under both alkaline and acid conditions was also envisioned and discussed.
Glycerol: A Promising Benign Solvent for Catalyst Free One‐Pot Multi‐Component Synthesis of Pyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazoles and Tetrahydro‐benzo[b]pyrans at Ambient Temperature
Authors: Abdel Hamid Afaf , Abd‐Elmonem Mohamed , Hayallah Alaa M. , Abo Elsoud Fatma A. , Sadek Kamal U. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA simple and efficient synthesis of 6‐amino‐5‐cyano‐4‐aryl‐1,4‐dihydropyrano[2, 3‐c]pyrazoles and 2‐amino‐3‐cyano‐4‐aryl‐7,7‐dimethyl‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans has been developed that involves a four‐component reaction of aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile, hydrazine hydrate or phenyl hydrazine and 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds using glycerol as both solvent and catalyst at ambient temperature. Several advantages have been achieved such as high yields, facile conducting reactants or working up products, high Eco Scale, atom economy and the absence of toxic or hazardous catalysts or solvents.
Template‐Free Self‐Assembly of Dimeric Dicarbocyanine Dyes
Authors: Patlolla Prathap Reddy , Mallajosyula Sairam S. , Datta Bhaskar 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSymmetrical dicarbocyanine dyes are known to cooperatively assemble on DNA templates. With the goal of developing dyes that are capable of template‐free self‐assembly, two N‐linked dimeric benzothiazole containing pentamethine cyanine dyes have been synthesized. UV‐visible spectroscopy of the dimeric dyes reveals very strong propensities for self‐assembly unlike their monomeric dye counterparts. The N‐propyl linked dye exhibits pronounced H‐aggregation at micromolar dye concentrations with the absorption maxima blue‐shifted by nearly 200 nm. In contrast, an N‐hexyl linked dye preferentially folds into H‐dimers. Similar aggregates of the monomeric dicarbocyanine dyes are known to be observed at much higher dye concentrations or in presence of suitable templates such as DNA molecules. The aggregate species of the dimeric dyes are identified based on shifts in their absorbance maxima and quenched fluorescence. The calculated electronic structure of the dimeric dyes supports their observed aggregation behaviour. Further, introduction of DNA molecules with AT‐tracts leads to transformation of the spontaneously formed dimeric dye H‐aggregates and H‐dimers into DNA‐bound dye species.
Porous Carbon Nanosheets with Abundant Oxygen Functionalities Derived from Phoenix Seeds for High‐Performance Supercapacitor
Authors: Shen Yu , Qu Tingting , Xiang Kun , Zhang Yu , Tian Zhengfang , Xie Mingjiang , Guo Xuefeng 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBiomass‐derived porous carbon with abundant electro‐active oxygen functionalities was prepared by controlled pyrolysis and KOH activation of phoenix seeds, in which KOH not only acts as activation reagent constructing porous structure, but also serves as adjustor tuning the C/O ratio of the final carbon products. The obtained porous activated carbon nanosheet (PACN) possesses nanosheet morphology with nanoporous structure, large surface area (1166 m2/g) and high oxygen content of 10.2 at. %. As electrode for supercapacitor in 2.0 M H2SO4 electrolyte, the PACN achieves a high capacitance of 376 F/g at current density of 0.5 A/g, good rate capability (230 F/g at 20.0 A/g) and an excellent cycling stability with 99% capacitance retention over 10000 cycles, which can be attributed to the large surface area and rich electro‐active oxygenic functionalities. The symmetric supercapacitor with PACN exhibits a superior energy density of 5.9 Wh/kg at 3.5 kW/kg. The present work highlights the controlled pyrolysis and KOH activation strategy as a facile approach to utilize a potential biomass resource for low‐cost and high‐performance electrochemical capacitors.
Photoinduced Interfacial Electron Transfer in 2,2’‐Bipyridyl Iron(III) Complex‐TiO2 Nanoparticles in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Ganeshraja Ayyakannu Sundaram , Yang Minghui , Xu Wei , Anbalagan Krishnamoorthy , Wang Junhu 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe near‐UV and visible light induced interfacial electron transfer (IFET) process between aqueous solution of [Fe(bipy)2Cl2][FeCl4] complex and TiO2 NPs has been proved at first time and the photochemical products were mainly characterized by electronic absorption, Fe K‐edge X‐ray absorption fine structure, electron paramagnetic resonance and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopic method. This study makes in comprehending for the combination of semiconductor NPs and metal complex, in‐particularly ionic salt like complex has potential in environmental friendly synthesis and remediation process.
Peroxydisulfate as an Oxidant in the Site‐Selective Functionalization of sp3 C–H Bonds
Authors: Sathyamoorthi Shyam , Banerjee Shibdas 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe development of methodology for the site‐selective functionalization of sp3 C–H bonds has irrevocably altered the state of organic synthesis. These methods often rely on the use of strong oxidants in conjunction with transition‐metal catalysis. Peroxydisulfate (S2O82–) salts are some of the strongest inorganic oxidants known. They are low‐cost crystalline solids that are stable at room temperature. Harmless sulfate salts are produced as a byproduct of their reactions, allowing S2O82– to serve as a ‘green’ alternative to other commonly employed oxidants. Despite these attractive properties, it has only been in the last ten years that the majority of sp3 C–H functionalization reactions utilizing S2O82– for the diversification of complex molecules have been reported. The objective of this review is to provide a useful reference regarding the recent advancement of sp3 C–H functionalization using S2O82– and to inspire the invention of new protocols utilizing this remarkable oxidant.
Tetranuclear Polypyridylruthenium(II) Complexes as Inhibitors and Down‐Regulators of Phosphatase Enzymes
Authors: Sundaraneedi Madhu K. , Ammit Alaina J. , Tedla Bemnet A. , Pearson Mark S. , Loukas Alex , Keene F. Richard , Collins J. Grant 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMitogen‐activated protein kinase phosphatases (MKPs) are over‐expressed in many cancers. The increased levels of MKP enzymes protect cells from apoptosis induced by anticancer drugs, and thereby decrease the efficacy of the drug. Consequently, there is considerable interest in the development of agents that can down‐regulate the production of the MKP enzymes or inhibit their catalytic activities. We have examined the ability of a series of oligonuclear polypyridylruthenium(II) complexes to inhibit the activity of MKP‐1 and MKP‐3. The results demonstrated that two tetranuclear complexes inhibit the activity of MKP‐1 and MKP‐3 at 10‐20 μM concentrations. The ability of the ruthenium complexes to inhibit the production of MKP‐1 in live cancer cells was demonstrated through Western blotting assays, while real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays demonstrated the tetranuclear complexes decreased the amount of mkp‐1 mRNA produced in cancer cells. The results of this study suggest that tetranuclear ruthenium complexes could be used to enhance the antiproliferative effect of anticancer drugs.
Defects and Interfaces on PtPb Nanoplates Boost Fuel Cell Electrocatalysis
Authors: Sun Yingjun , Liang Yanxia , Luo Mingchuan , Lv Fan , Qin Yingnan , Wang Lei , Xu Chuan , Fu Engang , Guo Shaojun 
Published: November 2017

AbstractNanostructured Pt is the most efficient single‐metal catalyst for fuel cell technology. Great efforts have been devoted to optimizing the Pt‐based alloy nanocrystals with desired structure, composition, and shape for boosting the electrocatalytic activity. However, these well‐known controls still show the limited ability in maximizing the Pt utilization efficiency for achieving more efficient fuel cell catalysis. Herein, a new strategy for maximizing the fuel cell catalysis by controlling/tuning the defects and interfaces of PtPb nanoplates using ion irradiation technique is reported. The defects and interfaces on PtPb nanoplates, controlled by the fluence of incident C+ ions, make them exhibit the volcano‐like electrocatalytic activity for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR), ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR), and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) as a function of ion irradiation fluence. The optimized PtPb nanoplates with the mixed structure of dislocations, subgrain boundaries, and small amorphous domains are the most active for MOR, EOR, and ORR. They can also maintain high catalytic stability in acid solution. This work highlights the impact and significance of inducing/controlling the defects and interfaces on Pt‐based nanocrystals toward maximizing the catalytic performance by advanced ion irradiation strategy.
Strength and post‐yield behavior of T‐section steel encased by structural concrete
Authors: Nzabonimpa J.D. , Hong Won‐Kee , Kim Jisoon 
Published: November 2017

SummaryIn this study, the seismic performance of unsymmetrical steel–concrete composite precast beams with T‐shaped steel section were numerically explored and validated by their earlier experimental investigation. This design is based on the proposed calibrated finite element model in which key damage parameters for the evaluation of the nonlinear, post‐yield behavior of the precast composite steel beams were identified. The proposed nonlinear finite‐element‐based numerical model uses various parameters, including the dilatation angle and concrete‐damaged plasticity, to simulate the nonlinear behavior of unsymmetrical composite precast beams with T‐section steel. Greater seismic capacity with greater ductility, contributing to a maximized structural capacity within the composite precast beams was introduced by the effective use of the 2 materials, steel and concrete, and shown by the nonlinear hysteretic investigation of unsymmetrical steel–concrete composite precast beams that was validated experimentally. The post‐yield structural capacity found via the numerical analysis agrees with experimental results when the concrete‐damaged plasticity of the plastic‐damaged seismic model for concrete and the von Mises criteria of the steel section were introduced into the finite element model. Practical design parameters and recommendations were eventually suggested by examining the influence of precast composite beams with unsymmetrical steel sections on the concrete degradations and damage evolution.
Constrained mean‐variance mapping optimization for truss optimization problems
Authors: Aslani Mohamad , Ghasemi Parnian , Gandomi Amir H. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryTruss optimization is a complex structural problem that involves geometric and mechanical constraints. In the present study, constrained mean‐variance mapping optimization (MVMO) algorithms have been introduced for solving truss optimization problems. Single‐solution and population‐based variants of MVMO are coupled with an adaptive exterior penalty scheme to handle geometric and mechanical constraints. These tools are explained and tuned for weight minimization of trusses with 10 to 200 members and up to 1,200 nonlinear constraints. The results are compared with those obtained from the literature and classical genetic algorithm. The results show that a MVMO algorithm has a rapid rate of convergence and its final solution can obviously outperform those of other algorithms described in the literature. The observed results suggest that a constrained MVMO is an attractive tool for engineering‐based optimization, particularly for computationally expensive problems in which the rate of convergence and global convergence are important.
Analytical estimation of lateral resistance of low‐shear strength masonry infilled reinforced concrete frames with openings
Authors: Mansouri Ali , Marefat Mohammad Sadegh , Khanmohammadi Mohammad 
Published: November 2017

SummaryPresence of openings in an infill wall alters its behavior and reduces load resistance and stiffness of the infilled frame. In this paper, a simple method for estimating the lateral resistance of infilled frames with openings is proposed based on experimental data. Six half‐scale, single‐story single‐bay reinforced concrete frame specimens were tested under in‐plane lateral loading. The lateral strength of reinforced concrete (RC) frame could be estimated by assuming the formation of plastic hinges in the end regions of the members. In the specimens with central openings, the major load resistance mechanism of the infill panel was the formation of a compression strut and lateral strength of infill panel could be considered as the smallest values of the diagonal tension and corner crushing modes. In the specimens with eccentric openings, the load resistance mechanism of masonry infill was the formation of a compression strut and bed‐joint sliding in 2 opposite loading directions; thus, the lateral resistance of infill panel could be estimated in diagonal tension and corner crushing modes in one direction and bed‐joint sliding mode in another direction. Furthermore, the deformation capacity and structural performance levels are suggested for solid and perforated infill panels based on test observations.
Pauli-Lubanski limit and stress-energy tensor for infinite-spin fields
Authors: Rehren Karl-Henning 
Published: November 2017

AbstractString-localized quantum fields transforming in Wigner’s infinite-spin representations were originally introduced in [18, 19]. We construct these fields as limits of fields of finite massm→ 0 and finite spins→ ∞. We determine a string-localized infinite-spin quantum stress-energy tensor with a novel prescription that does not refer to a classical Lagrangean.
Hypoxia Increases Thyroid Cancer Stem Cell‐Enriched Side Population
Authors: Mahkamova K. , Latar N. , Aspinall S. , Meeson A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIntroductionHypoxic stress is a feature of rapidly growing thyroid tumours. Cancer progression is thought to be driven by a small population of tumour cells possessing stem cell properties. Hypoxia‐inducible factors (HIFs) are important mediators of hypoxia. Both HIF‐1alpha and HIF‐2alpha have been reported to be expressed in thyroid cancers. There is growing evidence that the HIF pathway plays a significant role in the maintenance of thyroid cancer stem cells (CSC).MethodologyWe have isolated thyroid CSC from a papillary thyroid cancer‐derived cell line (BCPAP) and an anaplastic thyroid cancer‐derived cell line (SW1736) as side population (SP) cells (a putative stem cell population) and treated them with cobalt chloride (II) to induce hypoxia.Results and discussionWe observed an increase in the SP of cells within the thyroid cancer cell lines following induction of hypoxia.
Making Sense of SNPs: Women's Understanding and Experiences of Receiving a Personalized Profile of Their Breast Cancer Risks
Authors: Young Mary‐Anne , Forrest Laura Elenor , Rasmussen Victoria‐Mae , James Paul , Mitchell Gillian , Sawyer Sarah Dilys , Reeve Katrina , Hallowell Nina 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGenome wide association studies have identified a number of common genetic variants ‐ single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) – that combine to increase breast cancer risk. SNP profiling may enhance the accuracy of risk assessment and provides a personalized risk estimate. SNP testing for breast cancer risks may supplement other genetic tests in the future, however, before it can be implemented in the clinic we need to know how it will be perceived and received. Semi‐structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 39 women who had previously had a breast cancer diagnosis and undergone BRCA1/2 testing, participated in the Variants in Practice (ViP) study and received personalized risk (SNP) profiles. Interviews explored their understanding and experiences of receiving this SNP information. Women reported feeling positive about receiving their personalized risk profile, because it: provided an explanation for their previous diagnosis of cancer, vindicated previous risk management decisions and clarified their own and other family members’ risks. A small group was initially shocked to learn of the increased risk of a second primary breast cancer. This study suggests that the provision of personalized risk information about breast cancer generated by SNP profiling is understood and well received. However, a model of genetic counseling that incorporates monogenic and polygenic genetic information will need to be developed prior to clinical implementation.
Sec61β facilitates the maintenance of endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis by associating microtubules
Authors: Zhu Yimeng , Zhang Gangming , Lin Shaoyu , Shi Juanming , Zhang Hong , Hu Junjie 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSec61β, a subunit of the Sec61 translocon complex, is not essential in yeast and commonly used as a marker of endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In higher eukaryotes, such as Drosophila, deletion of Sec61β causes lethality, but its physiological role is unclear. Here, we show that Sec61β interacts directly with microtubules. Overexpression of Sec61β containing small epitope tags, but not a RFP tag, induces dramatic bundling of the ER and microtubule. A basic region in the cytosolic domain of Sec61β is critical for microtubule association. Depletion of Sec61β induces ER stress in both mammalian cells and Caenorhabditis elegans, and subsequent restoration of ER homeostasis correlates with the microtubule binding ability of Sec61β. Loss of Sec61β causes increased mobility of translocon complexes and reduced level of membrane-bound ribosomes. These results suggest that Sec61β may stabilize protein translocation by linking translocon complex to microtubule and provide insight into the physiological function of ER-microtubule interaction.
Delirium symptoms are associated with decline in cognitive function between ages 53 and 69 years: Findings from a British birth cohort study
Authors: Tsui Alex , Kuh Diana , Richards Marcus , Davis Daniel 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIntroductionFew population studies have investigated whether longitudinal decline after delirium in mid‐to‐late life might affect specific cognitive domains.MethodsParticipants from a birth cohort completing assessments of search speed, verbal memory, and the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination at age 69 were asked about delirium symptoms between ages 60 and 69 years. Linear regression models estimated associations between delirium symptoms and cognitive outcomes.ResultsPeriod prevalence of delirium between 60 and 69 years was 4% (95% confidence interval 3.2%–4.9%). Self‐reported symptoms of delirium over the seventh decade were associated with worse scores in the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (−1.7 points; 95% confidence interval −3.2, −0.1; P = .04). In association with delirium symptoms, verbal memory scores were initially lower, with subsequent decline in search speed by the age of 69 years. These effects were independent of other Alzheimer's risk factors.DiscussionDelirium symptoms may be common even at relatively younger ages, and their presence may herald cognitive decline, particularly in search speed, over this time period.