bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluid Inclusion Studies on Quartz Associated with Massive Ores of the Paleoproterozoic Carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn Deposit at Balaria, Rajasthan: Possible Evidence for Fluid-mixing
Authors: Ilyas M. , Pandalai H. S. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT
Mixing of metal-rich connate waters derived from evaporative seawater with local sulfide-rich water is postulated as the mechanism of ore deposition in many Phanerozoic carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn deposits. The study of the Paleoproterozoic Balaria deposit of the Zawar belt of Rajasthan that hosts structurally-controlled, stratabound Pb-Zn mineralization, provides insight into the nature of fluids in quartz that is closely associated with massive Pb-Zn ore.
The present study is focused on the massive-type ore which forms one of the major ore-types at Balaria. Massive-type ore consists predominantly of galena and sphalerite (with minor pyrite and pyrrhotite) that occur in shear-induced dilatational fractures. The ore is associated with clear, rounded to semi-rounded bodies of quartz that are embedded within the ore. The quartz bodies are inferred to be fragments of vein-quartz that underwent shear deformation along with enclosing massive galena-rich ore. Primary-biphase fluid inclusions in quartz belong to H2O-NaCl±CO2, H2O-NaCl-CH4-N2-CO2 and primary-monophase fluid inclusions to CH4-N2-CO2 types, while secondary fluid inclusions are biphase and belong to H2O-NaCl type. The salinity of primary-biphase H2O-NaCl type fluid inclusions range from 2 to 14 wt. percent NaCl equiv while that of secondary-biphase H2O-NaCl type fluid inclusions range from 3 to 5 wt. percent NaCl equiv. Homogenization temperatures for primary-biphase fluid inclusions range from 127 °to 217 °C while that of secondary-biphase fluid inclusions is 131 ° to 151 °C. The molecular proportions of of CH4, N2 and CO2 in primary-biphase (H2O-NaCl-CH4-N2-CO2) and primary-monophase (CH4-N2-CO2) as measured from Raman spectra are widely variable. Variability in molecular proportions of CH4, N2 and CO2 is interpreted as an evidence for mixing of pulses of a regional fluid with a local fluid and reactions with graphitic and carbonate rocks at the site of deposition. The low salinity of fluid inclusions in the quartz and the lack of any sulfur species in the aqueous or gaseous phase of the entrapped fluids indicates that although quartz occurs as entrained bodies within the massive ore, the fluids in them may not represent ore-forming fluids of the main ore-stage of massive-type ore.
Remote Sensing for Recognition and Monitoring of Vegetation Affected by Soil Properties
Authors: Sashikkumar M. C. , Selvam S. , Karthikeyan N. , Ramanamurthy J. , Venkatramanan S. , Singaraja C. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT
Vegetation is an intricate event with large amount of intrinsic spectral, spatial and temporal inconsistency and it is naturally characterized by strapping assimilation in the red wavelengths and towering reflectance in the near infra-red (NIR) wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum. The image descriptions generating from various vegetation index like NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index) etc., from multispectral imagery be able to provide exclusive vegetation information about an area. Soil environment circumstances are considerable influence on partial canopy spectra and vegetation index. Consequently, it is significant to monitor the vegetation vitality changes with reverence to the soil background circumstances. The present study an appropriate remote sensing based algorithm, i.e. soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) was selected. The investigation of vegetation vigor variations was done for dissimilar time sequence in the part of Andhra Pradesh State, India. The MODIS vegetation index images of 250m resolution are used. NDVI and NDWI images are derivative for red and black soil types and SAVI model was fashioned and executed in ERDAS IMAGINE platform. In SAVI equation, the soil accustomed factor ‘L’ was personalized with dissimilar values and multivariate SAVI images are derived for both red and black soil regions. In the an assortment of red soil regions, the SAVI with different ‘L’ values of 0.25, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and black soil region, the vegetation envelop is medium and SAVI with ‘L’ values of 0.3 and 0.4 fashioned fair result on variations of soil and vegetation reflectance over the crop period. The present study was done with the two types of soil regions and with accessible datasets. The psychoanalysis fraction of the study can be extended with multiple data sets and dissimilar seasons.
Geotechnical Investigation on Slopes Failures along the Mughal Road from Bafliaz to Shopian, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Authors: Sangra Rameshwar , Singh Yudhbir , Bhat G. M. , Pandita S. K. , Hussain Gulzar 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT
In this paper, the results of geotechnical investigations on the slope stability condition carried along the historical Mughal road (an important economic corridor of the state) from Bafliaz (Jammu province) to Shopian (Kashmir province) linking NH144 and NH444 respectively is presented. The basic rock mass rating (RMRb), slope mass rating (SMR) techniques (both discrete and continuous functions) with kinematics analysis was applied to analyse the rock mass and slope conditions at 20 selected sites. The RMRb results obtained reveal the slopes can be categorized into very good (5%), good (55%) and fair (40%) whereas SMR results reveal that the slopes are partially stable (50%), unstable (30%) and completely unstable (20%) with probable planar failure mode (20%), toppling failure mode (27%) and wedge failure mode (53%). The discrete and continuous SMR index reveals maximum variation in the end results within an average difference of 4.7 ±6. The kinematic analysis results support inter dependency of RMRb, SMR and critical joint-slope orientation relationships.
Current advances in circulating inflammatory biomarkers in atherosclerosis and related cardio‐cerebrovascular diseases
Authors: Lv Jun‐Xuan , Kong Qi , Ma Xin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAtherosclerosis (AS) is a systemic chronic disease affecting both the coronary and cerebral arteries. Inflammation plays a key role in the initiation and progression of AS, and numerous inflammatory factors have been proposed as potential biomarkers. This article reviews recent research in studies on major circulating inflammatory biomarkers to identify surrogates that may reflect processes associated with AS development and the risk of AS‐related vascular events, such as Von Willebrand factor, lectin‐like oxidized low‐density‐lipoprotein receptor‐1, soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, regulated upon activation, normal T‐cell expressed and secreted, and microparticles, which may provide new perspectives for clinical AS evaluation and risk stratification.
Clinical outcomes in older surgical patients with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Racine Annie M. , Fong Tamara G. , Gou Yun , Travison Thomas G. , Tommet Douglas , Erickson Kristen , Jones Richard N. , Dickerson Bradford C. , Metzger Eran , Marcantonio Edward R. , Schmitt Eva M. , Inouye Sharon K. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIntroductionOlder adults, including those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), are increasingly undergoing surgery.MethodsRelative risks (RRs) of MCI alone or with delirium on adverse outcomes were estimated in an ongoing prospective, observational cohort study of 560 nondemented adults aged ≥70 years.ResultsMCI (n = 61, 11%) was associated with increased RR of delirium (RR = 1.9, P < .001) and delirium severity (RR = 4.6, P < .001). Delirium alone (n = 107), but not MCI alone (n = 34), was associated with multiple adverse outcomes including more major postoperative complication(s) (RR = 2.5, P = .002) and longer length of stay (RR = 2.2, P < .001). Patients with concurrent MCI and delirium (n = 27) were more often discharged to a postacute facility (RR = 1.4, P < .001) and had synergistically increased risk for new impairments in cognitive functioning (RR = 3.6, P < .001).DiscussionMCI is associated with increased risk of delirium incidence and severity. Patients with delirium and MCI have synergistically elevated risk of developing new difficulties in cognitively demanding tasks.
Does Testosterone Treatment Increase Anger Expression in a Population of Transgender Men?
Authors: Motta Giovanna , Crespi Chiara , Mineccia Valentina , Brustio Paolo Riccardo , Manieri Chiara , Lanfranco Fabio 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Background
The acquisition of phenotypic male features in transmen with gender dysphoria requires testosterone treatment. The suppression of menses is 1 of the most desired effects. The relation between testosterone levels and human aggressive behavior has been described. However, the effects of testosterone on anger expression have been poorly investigated in trans-persons.

Aim
To assess the effects of testosterone treatment on anger expression in transmen using a validated self-report questionnaire (Spielberger's State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory–2 [STAXI-2]).

Methods
52 transmen diagnosed with gender dysphoria were evaluated before (T0) and at least 7 months after (T1) initiation of continuous gender-affirming testosterone treatment. Sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric parameters, diagnosis of psychiatric disorders, current psychopharmacologic treatments, and life events were investigated at T0.

Outcomes
STAXI-2 scores, serum testosterone, and estradiol levels at T0 and T1 were compared.

Results
Most of the sample (61.5%, n = 32) had no Axis I or II comorbidity. All subjects at T1 achieved significantly higher serum testosterone levels (5.67 ± 3.88 ng/mL), whereas no significant difference in estradiol levels was observed from T0 to T1. At T1 only 46.2% (n = 24) of the sample achieved iatrogenic amenorrhea, whereas most of the sample had persistent regular bleedings. A significant increase in STAXI anger expression and anger control scores from T0 to T1 was recorded. Patients with persistent bleedings and Axis I disorders seemed to have higher odds of expressing anger. However, circulating testosterone levels at T1 did not influence anger expression.

Clinical Implications
Interestingly, despite the increase of anger expression scores, during continuous testosterone treatment, there were no reports of aggressive behavior, self-harm, or psychiatric hospitalization.

Strengths and Limitations
A limitation to this study is that although the STAXI-2 is a well-validated instrument measuring anger expression, it is a self-report psychometric measure.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates that during 7 months of continuous gender-affirming hormonal treatment, anger expression and anger arousal control increased in transmen. Persistence of menstrual bleedings and Axis I disorders, but not circulating testosterone levels, were predictive of the increase in anger expression score. Continuous psychological support to transmen during gender-affirming hormonal treatment was useful to prevent angry behaviors and decrease the level of dysphoria.
Strongly ergodic equivalence relations: spectral gap and type III invariants
Authors: HOUDAYER CYRIL , MARRAKCHI AMINE , VERRAEDT PETER 
Published: November 2017

We obtain a spectral gap characterization of strongly ergodic equivalence relations on standard measure spaces. We use our spectral gap criterion to prove that a large class of skew-product equivalence relations arising from measurable $1$-cocycles with values in locally compact abelian groups are strongly ergodic. By analogy with the work of Connes on full factors, we introduce the Sd and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}$ invariants for type $\text{III}$ strongly ergodic equivalence relations. As a corollary to our main results, we show that for any type $\text{III}_{1}$ ergodic equivalence relation ${\mathcal{R}}$, the Maharam extension $\text{c}({\mathcal{R}})$ is strongly ergodic if and only if ${\mathcal{R}}$ is strongly ergodic and the invariant $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}({\mathcal{R}})$ is the usual topology on $\mathbb{R}$. We also obtain a structure theorem for almost periodic strongly ergodic equivalence relations analogous to Connes’ structure theorem for almost periodic full factors. Finally, we prove that for arbitrary strongly ergodic free actions of bi-exact groups (e.g. hyperbolic groups), the Sd and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}$ invariants of the orbit equivalence relation and of the associated group measure space von Neumann factor coincide.
The effect of weak inertia in rotating high-aspect-ratio vessel bioreactors
Authors: Dalwadi Mohit P. , Chapman S. Jonathan , Oliver James M. , Waters Sarah L. 
Published: November 2017

One method to grow artificial body tissue is to place a porous scaffold seeded with cells, known as a tissue construct, into a rotating bioreactor filled with a nutrient-rich fluid. The flow within the bioreactor is affected by the movement of the construct relative to the bioreactor which, in turn, is affected by the hydrodynamical and gravitational forces the construct experiences. The construct motion is thus coupled to the flow within the bioreactor. Over the time scale of a few hours, the construct appears to move in a periodic orbit but, over tens of hours, the construct drifts from periodicity. In the biological literature, this effect is often attributed to the change in density of the construct that occurs via tissue growth. In this paper, we show that weak inertia can cause the construct to drift from its periodic orbit over the same time scale as tissue growth. We consider the coupled flow and construct motion problem within a rotating high-aspect-ratio vessel bioreactor. Using an asymptotic analysis, we investigate the case where the Reynolds number is large but the geometry of the bioreactor yields a small reduced Reynolds number, resulting in a weak inertial effect. In particular, to accurately couple the bioreactor and porous flow regions, we extend the nested boundary layer analysis of Dalwadiet al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 798, 2016, pp. 88–139) to include moving walls and the thin region between the porous construct and the bioreactor wall. This allows us to derive a closed system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations for the construct trajectory, from which we show that neglecting inertia results in periodic orbits; we solve the inertia-free problem analytically, calculating the periodic orbits in terms of the system parameters. Using a multiple-scale analysis, we then systematically derive a simpler system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations that describe the long-time drift of the construct due to the effect of weak inertia. We investigate the bifurcations of the construct trajectory behaviour, and the limit cycles that appear when the construct is less dense than the surrounding fluid and the rotation rate is large enough. Thus, we are able to predict when the tissue construct will drift towards a stable limit cycle within the bioreactor and when it will drift out until it hits the bioreactor edge.
The set-down and set-up of directionally spread and crossing surface gravity wave groups
Authors: McAllister M. L. , Adcock T. A. A. , Taylor P. H. , van den Bremer T. S. 
Published: November 2017

For sufficiently directionally spread surface gravity wave groups, the set-down of the wave-averaged free surface, first described by Longuet-Higgins and Stewart (J. Fluid Mech. vol. 13, 1962, pp. 481–504), can turn into a set-up. Using a multiple-scale expansion for two crossing wave groups, we examine the structure and magnitude of this wave-averaged set-up, which is part of a crossing wave pattern that behaves as a modulated partial standing wave: in space, it consists of a rapidly varying standing-wave pattern slowly modulated by the product of the envelopes of the two groups; in time, it grows and decays on the slow time scale associated with the translation of the groups. Whether this crossing wave pattern actually enhances the surface elevation at the point of focus depends on the phases of the linear wave groups, unlike the set-down, which is always negative and inherits the spatial structure of the underlying envelope(s). We present detailed laboratory measurements of the wave-averaged free surface, examining both single wave groups, varying the degree of spreading from small to very large, and the interaction between two wave groups, varying both the degree of spreading and the crossing angle between the groups. In both cases, we find good agreement between the experiments, our simple expressions for the set-down and set-up, and existing second-order theory based on the component-by-component interaction of individual waves with different frequencies and directions. We predict and observe a set-up for wave groups with a Gaussian angular amplitude distribution with standard deviations of above $30{-}40^{\circ }$ ($21{-}28^{\circ }$ for energy spectra), which is relatively large for realistic sea states, and for crossing sea states with angles of separation of $50{-}70^{\circ }$ and above, which are known to occur in the ocean.
Slope failures within and upstream of Lake Quinault, Washington, as uneven responses to Holocene earthquakes along the Cascadia subduction zone
Authors: Leithold Elana L. , Wegmann Karl W. , Bohnenstiehl Delwayne R. , Smith Stephen G. , Noren Anders , O’Grady Ryan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractInvestigation of Lake Quinault in western Washington, including a reflection seismic survey, analysis of piston cores, and preliminary mapping in the steep, landslide-prone Quinault River catchment upstream of the lake, reveals evidence for three episodes of earthquake disturbance in the past 3000 yr. These earthquakes triggered failures on the lake’s underwater slopes and delta front, as well as subaerial landsliding, partial channel blockage, and forced fluvial sediment aggradation. The ages of the three Lake Quinault disturbance events overlap with those of coseismically subsided, coastal marsh soils nearby in southwest Washington that are interpreted to record ruptures of the Cascadia megathrust. Absent from Lake Quinault, however, are signals of obvious disturbance from five additional subduction earthquakes inferred to have occurred during the period of record. The lack of evidence for these events may reflect the limitations of the data set derived from the detrital, river-dominated lake stratigraphy but may also have bearing on debates about segmentation and the distribution of slip along the Cascadia subduction zone during prior earthquakes.
Manganese influences the expression of fatty acid synthase and malic enzyme in cultured primary chicken hepatocytes
Authors: Lu Lin , Wang Meiling , Liao Xiudong , Zhang Liyang , Luo Xugang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTwo experiments were designed to investigate the effects of Mn source and concentration on the mRNA expression and enzymatic activities of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and malic enzyme (ME) in cultured primary broiler hepatocytes. In Expt 1, primary broiler hepatocytes were treated with 0 (control), 0·25, 0·50 or 0·75 mmol/l of Mn as inorganic manganese chloride (MnCl2.4H2O) for 24 and 48 h. In Expt 2, primary broiler hepatocytes were incubated with 0 (control), 0·25 or 0·50 mmol/l of Mn as either manganese chloride or Mn–amino acid chelate for 48 h. The mRNA levels and activities of FAS and ME in the hepatocytes were measured in Expts 1 and 2. The results in Expt 1 showed that only at 48 h mRNA expression levels ofFASandMEin the hepatocytes decreased linearly (P<0·001) and quadratically (P<0·02) as supplemental Mn concentrations increased. In Expt 2, compared with the control, Mn supplementation reduced (P<0·01) the activities of FAS, mRNA expression levels ofFASandMEin the hepatocytes, and the efflux of lactic dehydrogenase to the medium. The supplemental Mn at 0·5 mmol/l showed a lower (P<0·03)MEmRNA expression level compared with the Mn group at 0·25 mmol/l. However, Mn source and the interaction between Mn source and concentration had no impacts (P>0·33) on any of the measured cellular parameters. The results suggested that Mn might reduce cell damage and regulateFASandMEexpression at a transcriptional level in primary cultured broiler hepatocytes.
Time-series responses of swine plasma metabolites to ingestion of diets containingmyo-inositol or phytase
Authors: Cowieson Aaron J. , Roos Franz F. , Ruckebusch Jean-Paul , Wilson Jonathan W. , Guggenbuhl Patrick , Lu Hang , Ajuwon Kolapo M. , Adeola Olayiwola 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe effect of the ingestion of diets containing eithermyo-inositol or exogenous phytase on plasma metabolites was examined using 29 kg barrows. The diets were: control (maize, soya, rapeseed, rice bran), control plus 2 g/kgmyo-inositol, control plus 1000 phytase units (FYT)/kg or 3000 FYT/kg exogenous phytase. Pigs were housed in a PigTurn device and blood was collected, from jugular catheters, via an automated system at −30, (30 min before feeding), 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 240, 300 and 360 min post-feeding. The addition of 2 g/kgmyo-inositol to the basal diet resulted in an increase in plasmamyo-inositol concentration that was evident 45–60 min after diet introduction and persisted to 360 min post-feeding. Similarly, supplementation of the basal diet with either 1000 or 3000 FYT/kg exogenous phytase resulted in an increase in plasmamyo-inositol concentration that was still rising 360 min post-feeding. Plasma P concentration was increased over time by the addition of 1000 and 3000 FYT/kg phytase, but not by the addition ofmyo-inositol. Other plasma metabolites examined were not affected by dietary treatment. It can be concluded that oral delivery ofmyo-inositol results in rapid increase in plasmamyo-inositol concentrations that peak approximately 45–60 min after feeding. Use of supplemental phytase achieves similar increases inmyo-inositol concentration in plasma but the appearance is more gradual. Furthermore, supplementation of pig diets with exogenous phytase results in rapid appearance of P in plasma that may be sustained over time relative to diets with no added phytase.
Necrotising otitis externa in the immunocompetent patient: case series
Authors: Unadkat S , Kanzara T , Watters G 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackground:Necrotising otitis externa can be a devastating form of otitis externa. It typically tends to affect patients who are immunocompromised or diabetic. To date, there is very little in the literature about necrotising otitis externa in the immunocompetent patient population.Case reports:The present paper discusses both the clinical and radiological findings in three cases of necrotising otitis externa in an immunocompetent patient cohort. The common factor among all three patients was their advanced age.Conclusion:Diagnosing necrotising otitis externa can be challenging because of the potentially non-specific symptoms and the absence of early radiological signs, particularly if patients are neither immunocompromised nor diabetic. Elderly patients should be considered in the same light as immunocompromised and diabetic patients in the context of necrotising otitis externa.