bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and application of NASTRAN structural optimisation solution sequence within the BAe ECLIPSE system
Authors: Thompson D. , Haley C. , Ayres J. , Major M. , Golby D. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDuring the period 1970–1990 the Military Aircraft Division of British Aerospace based at Warton developed a structural sizing and optimisation system initially based on an “in-house” developed finite element analysis (FEA) system. This subsequently progressed to using NASTRAN, which was rapidly evolving to be the standard FEA system used within all divisions of British Aerospace (BAe).The many problems associated with the development and application of this evolving system are described. These problems covered a wide range from software development, engineering application, resource management and hardware dependence.One problems which has received a great deal of attention since 1990 is the incorporation of the panel buckling constraint particularly when applied to laminated structures. This paper describes an early attempt to incorporate this constraint followed by a brief description of the application and integration of a specialised Panel Buckling code.The paper concludes by describing how BAe Military Aircraft Division is attempting to incorporate the buckling constraint using NASTRAN into a high performance computing (HPC) environment. In addition this development illustrates how many of the problems described earlier are being overcome by working in partnership with software vendors, hardware vendors and other business units within BAe.
Mutual interference between jets and intakes in STOVL aircraft
Authors: Saddington A. J. , Knowles K. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA series of experiments has been performed in an open-jet wind tunnel on a generic jet-lift STOVL aircraft in transition out of ground effect. In order to obtain information about the forces acting on the aircraft, static pressure measurements were made on the wing and intake lips. The model tested was equipped with a single vectored lift-jet and ‘powered’ intakes. Tests were conducted at a variety of nozzle pressure ratios and effective velocity ratios.The experiments conclude that a mutual interference exists between the jet and intake flows which generates non-linearly-additive loads on the airframe. This questions the validity of testing jets and intakes separately on a STOVL aircraft of this type.
Aircraft flight control systems
Authors: McLean D. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper presents a short account of the flight control systems used in commercial transport, military combat and general aviation aircraft. The effects of aircraft safety, reliability and weather delays on satisfactory aircraft operations are shown to be significant reasons for the extensive use of flight control systems. The principles of flight control, the sensors and actuators required and the various modes which can be selected are treated, together with a short account of the primary flying controls and the use of manual reversion in emergency situations. The paper concludes with a consideration of the fly-by-wire (FBW) and fly-fby-light concepts, and covers relaxed static stability, carefree manoeuvring and the use of canards before discussing some FBW flight control systems which are used in passenger aircraft.
Unsteady aerodynamics: retrospect and prospect
Authors: Mabey D. G. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper reviews some current problems in unsteady aerodynamics and discusses some future challenges. The emphasis is on problems associated with separated flows, such as buffeting and limit cycle oscillations. Suggestions are made to indicate how experimental facilities (such as cryogenic windtunnels) and computational fluid dynamics might be exploited to address these questions.
Unsteady flow around helicopter rotor blade sections in forward flight
Authors: Shaw S. T. , Qin N. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe aerodynamic performance of aerofoils performing unsteady motions is important for the design of helicopter rotors. In this respect the study of aerofoils undergoing in-plane oscillations (translation along the horizontal axis) provides useful insight into the flow physics associated with the advancing blade in forward flight. In this paper a numerical method is developed in which the unsteady thin layer Navier-Stokes equations are solved for aerofoils performing rigid body motions. The method has been applied to the calculation of the flowfield around a NACA 0012 aerofoil performing in-plane motions representative of high-speed forward flight. Comparison of computed pressure data with experimental measurements is generally found to be good. The quantitative differences observed between computations and experiment are thought to have arisen mainly as a consequence of the low aspect ratio of the model rotor employed in the windtunnel tests.
Applications of multirate optical fibre code-division-multiplexing systems to high-speed data communications for air traffic control
Authors: Zhang J-G. , Sharma A. B. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFuture air traffic control will be based on the distributed processing environment. This leads to the use of high-speed optical fibre networks and systems to connect many processors (for both general and specific purposes) and workstations in the air traffic control centres. To efficiently support such applications, communication systems should be capable of multirate operations. To achieve this aim, we propose an efficient optical fibre code-division multiplexing (OF-CDM) technique that can support multirate data communications without any increase of system complexity when compared with the equal-rate operation case. Unlike conventional optical orthogonal codes (OOCs), the use of our proposed unequal-length OOCs can eliminate any possible violation of the minimum cross-and auto-correlation constraint (i.e. ‘1’) in multirate OF-CDM systems. Thus, using unequal-length OOCs can achieve a better bandwidth efficiency and a lower bit error rate for multirate transmissions than employing conventional OOCs. Moreover, we present the design of cost-effective OF-CDM transmitters for multirate data transmissions. The proposed systems can be also employed to support future airborne real-time data distributions and computer interconnects.
An experimental and numerical study of synthetic jet flow
Authors: Mallinson S. G. , Reizes J. A. , Hong G. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe flow generated by a synthetic jet actuator with a circular orifice is investigated experimentally and computationally. The experimental data and computational predictions are in fair to good agreement with each other and with the theory for a steady turbulent jet. It is found, however, that the synthetic jet establishes itself much more rapidly than the steady jet, primarily because of turbulent dissipation. The oscillatory nature of synthetic jet flow also gives rise to a much greater entrainment of ambient fluid compared with the case of a steady jet. Finally, self-similarity seems to be established when the oscillations introduced by the actuator are reduced to negligible levels.
Extract from A Wrack Behind: Myself, when young
Authors: Norton Lord Kings 
Published: July 2016

I was born on 6 June 1902, in Handsworth, a borough in Staffordshire, which in 1911 became part of Greater Birmingham. Handsworth, in those Edwardian days, could be described as a dormitory suburb of Birmingham. Its character is now vastly changed and today it houses large numbers of our immigrant population.My father, William John Roxbee Cox, is described on his marriage certificate as a master jeweller and indeed was, at the time of his wedding, working with his father, Samuel James Cox, a reasonably prosperous manufacturing jeweller in Birmingham. Samuel had married an American lady, Emily Power Jones, who was, I believe, distantly related to him, and my father was their only child.My mother was Amelia Stern, the third child of Henry Stern, a Pole who became a naturalised Englishman. My memory of him is vague but pleasant. I think he must have been a nice man. He was an engraver on glass. He died of pneumonia in 1904 at the age of 54. His brother Louis became a Church of England parson, but did not achieve major preferment.
Contributions of Harold Roxbee Cox (Lord Kings Norton) to specialist aspects of aeronautical technology
Authors: Pope Geoffrey 
Published: July 2016

Prior to his departure from the Royal Aircraft Establishment in 1938, Roxbee Cox published an impressive range of specialist papers relevant to the design and analysis of airships and aircraft.His earliest published paper (Refs are on p 227), on the external forces on an airship structure, was based on his work on the R101 at the Royal Airship Works, Cardington. This comprehensive monograph, which was awarded the R38 Memorial Prize by the Royal Aeronautical Society, addresses, in turn, the range of loading conditions that needs to be considered, safety factors to be used in design, calculation of individual load components, and estimation of stresses within the structure (this consisted of longitudinal and transverse members braced with wires).
The external forces on an airship structure with special reference to the requirements of rigid airship design
Authors: Cox Harold Roxbee 
Published: July 2016

A system of external forces on the structure of a rigid airship can be analysed into two or more of the component systems due toW. The Weights of the members of the structure and the weights of the masses carried by it;L. The Lift and pressure of the gas;A. The Aerodynamic forces consequent on the relative motion of the airship and the air;T. The Thrusts of the airscrews;R. The Reactions due to either the mooring arrangements, the hauling-in guys, the supports used in the shed, or handling on the ground.As these component systems, though restricted by their interdependence, are individually variable, a very large number of complete systems is represented by the possible combinations and variations that can occur. It becomes necessary, therefore, for the purposes of design, to attempt to limit the number of combinations to be considered, and to restrict the variations of the components, but in such a way that the structure designed to carry the resulting systems with adequate factors of safety, shall be able to carry any other possible system with an appropriate factor of safety.
Problems involving the stiffness of aeroplane wings
Authors: Cox H. Roxbee 
Published: July 2016

An aircraft may reasonably be said to be structurally safe if it is known that during the manoeuvres which it is likely to perform(i) The stress in no part of the essential structure approaches the failing stress of the material,(ii) It does not become unstable or uncontrollable on account of structural distortion.I intend to discuss in this context the wing structure of the aeroplane.For many years it was felt both in the design and airworthiness approval of the majority of aeroplane wing structures that the main responsibility for attempting to secure the former desideratum could rest upon the determination of the stresses induced in the wing structural material by load systems appropriate to a rigid aeroplane in certain conditions denned by specified combinations of flight attitude, acceleration, and factor of safety. These combinations — familiarly referred to as the C.P. forward, C.P. back, nose-diving and inverted flight cases—are designed to produce for a particular aeroplane a range of steady load systems which is more severe on the structure than the range of load systems corresponding to the manoeuvres contemplated for the aeroplane.
Extract from A Wrack Behind: A resumé
Authors: Norton Lord Kings 
Published: July 2016

When I look back, as I occasionally do, on the pattern of my long life, I see it dominated by three great projects — the design and construction of the airship R101, the development of the jet propulsion gas turbine, and Cranfield University. These are, so to speak, the high hills in a plain of diversified scenery.Of these great projects, I have included essays on R101 and on Cranfield, but I have confined my reference to the jet propulsion story to my opinion, long ago first expressed, of a great man, Frank Whittle. I have not expressed myself at any length on the controversies which mar the Whittle story and those who are interested — and who is not? — should read Whittle’s own book Jet and Mr Folley’s biography. Of the two men who I believe had the greatest influence on my career, Sir Henry Tizard and Sir Harry Jephcott, I will have something to say later on.
Address at St Margaret’s, Westminster, The Lord Kings Norton
Authors: Masefield Sir Peter 
Published: July 2016

We, his family and friends, are gathered here today in the heart of London to remember and to give thanks for the life and work of one of the truly great men of our time — the Lord Kings Norton of Wotton Underwood, ‘Roxbee’ to the legion of his friends and colleagues.Through the many years of his active life, there were hardly any avenues of the aeronautical sciences to which he had not made (and enjoyed the making of) inspired contributions.He was, indeed, “A Happy Warrior”.If the question was to be asked — “What, among all Lord Kings Norton’s many achievements, were those most to be acclaimed?”, the answer, among such a galaxy, could, perhaps, be four.
Rethinking Mormonism's Heavenly Mother
Authors: Petrey Taylor G. 
Published: July 2016

When feminists interrogate the symbolic realm of religion, they often expose much of theological discourse as an idealized projection of a masculine subjectivity. In response to androcentric theological discourse, some feminists’ approaches have reframed religion in support of feminine subjectivity. For example, Luce Irigaray experienced an important, constructive turn to religion in her writings in the 1980s and 1990s following her early criticism of phallogocentric Western philosophy. She argued provocatively:Monotheistic religions speak to us of God the Father and God made man; nothing is said of a God the Mother or of God made Woman, or even of God as a couple or couples. Not all the transcendental fancies, or ecstasies of every type, not all the quibbling over maternity and the neutrality (neuterness) of God, can succeed in erasing this one reality that determines identities, rights, symbols, and discourse.Elsewhere, she contends: “as long as woman lacks a divine made in her image she cannot establish her subjectivity or achieve a goal of her own. She lacks an ideal that would be her goal or path in becoming.” For Irigaray, “to become divine” means to become a subject, as opposed to being a term that defines the other. Fertility, motherhood, and female genealogies are central to Irigaray's divine woman as a way to establish female subjectivity.
Evaluation of the immunodiagnostic potential of a recombinant surface protein domain fromAcanthamoeba castellanii
Authors: SÁNCHEZ ALEMAO G. CARPINTEYRO , VIRGINIO VERIDIANA GOMES , MASCHIO VINICIUS JOSÉ , FERREIRA HENRIQUE BUNSELMEYER , ROTT MARILISE BRITTES 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYAcanthamoebaspp. are free-living protists widely distributed in environment, able to cause keratitis, encephalitis and skin lesions in humans and animals.Acanthamoebaspp. exist in two forms: an infective trophozoite and a dormant cyst. Several factors contribute to the pathogenesis ofAcanthamoebaspp. The parasite adhesion to the host cell is the primary step for infection and is mediated by a mannose binding-protein, expressed in the surface and considered the main pathogenicity factor inAcanthamoebaspp. So far, there was no evidence of another surface protein ofAcanthamoebaspp. relevant for host invasion or infection by these organisms. The aims of this study were to identify and characterize anAcanthamoeba castellaniisurface protein and to evaluate its diagnostic potential.In silicopredictions of surface proteins allowed to identify theA. castellaniicalreticulin as a possible surface antigen. The coding sequence of a predicted extracellular domain ofA. castellaniicalreticulin was cloned byin vivohomologous recombination and the recombinant polypeptide (AcCRT29–130) was produced. Its immunodiagnostic potential was assessed in a recombinant antigen-based ELISA with sera from experimentally infected rats that developed keratitis and encephalitis, and sera from patients with encephalitis. The AcCRT29–130was significantly more recognized by sera from encephalitis infected rats in comparison with the non-infected controls. Human sera from encephalitis patients, however presented no significant response. These results showed the AcCRT29–130potential forA. castellaniiinfection immunodiagnosis in animals, with further studies being required for assessment of its use for human infections.
6.11. Numerical simulations of the formation of AGNs
Authors: Sleath J.P. , Nelson A.H. 
Published: July 2016

—Many galaxies are seen to be undergoing a range of activity associated with an active nucleus. Whilst much effort goes into understanding the mechanisms involved, very few authors have considered how such AGNs might form.—Our group has for many years being studying the formation of galaxies based on the collapse and fragmentation of self-gravitating gas dynamics (e.g. Williams, 1997).—However, to produce jets (which we are using as a tracer of AGN activity) requires additional physics. Other work (e.g. Matsumoto et al., 1996) has shown that magnetic fields are important in the production of jets from accretion discs.—Hence we have produced a fully self-gravitating, magnetohydrodynamic code with the aim of studying the formation of an AGN starting from the initial collapse of a primordial overdensity.
Are there Giant Vortices near Solar Circle?
Authors: Fridman A.M. , Khoruzhii O.V. , Lyakhovich V.V. , Avedisova V.S. 
Published: July 2016

The analysis of the observational line-of-sight radial velocity field of molecular clouds, connecting with young stars, has strengthened the Fridman's hypothesis (1994) on the possible existence of anticyclone in the solar neighborhood. Anticyclones are located near corotation radius of the observed spiral arms, a number of which is equal to a number of vortices. Our calculations show that the four-vortices model fits observational data fairly well.We shall not use any theoretical conception on the nature of spiral arms generation (bar, selfgravitational or hydrodynamical mechanisms, etc.). We shall base on the treatment of the observational data.
Catching measles in an appropriately vaccinated group: a well-circumscribed outbreak in the South East of Ireland, September–November 2013
Authors: O'CONNOR B. , COTTER S. , HESLIN J. , LYNAM B. , McGOVERN E. , MURRAY H. , PARKER G. , DOYLE S. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYA measles outbreak occurred in a school in a small town in the South East of Ireland in September–November 2013. Most (and all early) cases had one dose of the measles-mumps- rubella (MMR) vaccination. All suspected cases were followed up, in order to advise on sampling and provide public health advice to them and their contacts. MMR vaccination control measures were instituted in the town. These included early second MMR in primary schools and childcare facilities, bringing forward the planned school MMR catch-up programme, early first MMR dose for children aged 6–12 months and targeted advice to unvaccinated children. There were 20 cases (17 confirmed) of measles associated with the outbreak. Fifteen cases occurred in the index school, with four in pre-school-age children (<4 years) who had clear epidemiological links with children at the school. This was a well-circumscribed outbreak occurring, unusually, in a well-vaccinated population. The outbreak came late to the attention of Department of Public Health staff but prompt action, once notified, and institution of control measures resulted in quick termination of the outbreak and prevention of cases in a neighbouring city.
Aquinas on What God is Not
Authors: Davies Brian 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIt is often said that if God exists, he is strongly comparable to what is not divine. In particular, it has been claimed that for God to exist is for a person to exist. In what follows I show how, esteemed theologian though he is commonly taken to be, Thomas Aquinas adopts a strongly different line of thinking according to which we seriously do not know what God is. In doing so, I draw attention to his use of nominal definitions in his arguments for ‘God exists’. I also highlight his teachings that God is simple and that words used to talk about God in subject-predicate sentences always ‘signify imperfectly’.
Why Should We Read Spinoza?
Authors: James Susan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractHistorians of philosophy are well aware of the limitations of what Butterfield called ‘Whig history’: narratives of historical progress that culminate in an enlightened present. Yet many recent studies retain a somewhat teleological outlook. Why should this be so? To explain it, I propose, we need to take account of the emotional investments that guide our interest in the philosophical past, and the role they play in shaping what we understand as the history of philosophy. As far as I know, this problem is not currently much addressed. However, it is illuminatingly explored in the work of Spinoza (1632–77). Spinoza aspires to explain the psychological basis of our attachment to histories with a teleological flavour. At the same time, he insists that such histories are epistemologically flawed. To study the history of philosophy in a properly philosophical fashion we must overcome our Whiggish leanings.
Hume's ‘Manifest Contradictions’
Authors: Kail P. J. E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper examines Hume’s ‘Title Principle’ (TP) and its role in a response to one of the ‘manifest contradictions’ he identifies in the conclusion to Book I of A Treatise on Human Nature. This ‘contradiction’ is a tension between two ‘equally natural and necessary’ principles of the imagination, our causal inferences and our propensity to believe in the continued and distinct existence of objects. The problem is that the consistent application of causal reason undercuts any grounds with have for the belief in continued and distinct existence, and yet that belief is as ‘natural and necessary’ as our propensity to infer effects from causes. The TP appears to offer a way to resolve this ‘contradiction’. It statesWhere reason is lively, and mixes itself with some propensity, it ought to be assented to. Where it does not, it never can have any title to operate upon us.’ (T 1.4.7.11; SBN 270)In brief, if it can be shown that the causal inferences that undermine the belief in external world are not ‘lively’ nor mixed with some propensity’ then we have grounds for think that they have no normative authority (they have no ‘title to operate on us). This is in part a response to another ‘manifest contradiction’, namely the apparently self-undermining nature of reason. In this paper I examine the nature and grounds of the TP and its relation to these ‘manifest contradictions’.
Is Nietzsche a Life-Affirmer?
Authors: May Simon 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe question of how to affirm one's life in view of suffering and loss is central to Nietzsche's philosophy. He shows, I claim, that one can affirm – take joy or find beauty in – one's life as a whole, conceived as necessary in all its elements, while also despising parts of it. Yet he mostly pictures such life-affirmation as achievable only via an atheistic theodicy that relies on a key ambition of the very system of morality that he famously attacks: namely to explain or justify suffering in terms of a higher end to which it is essential. I argue that affirmation of one's life is more powerful without the crutch of any theodicy, and point to Job as a paragon of one who can affirm his life without seeking an answer to the question of the meaning or value of suffering – indeed who can dispense altogether with that question.