bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anxiety in 11-Year-Old Children Who Stutter: Findings From a Prospective Longitudinal Community Sample
Authors: Smith Kylie A. , Iverach Lisa , O'Brian Susan , Mensah Fiona , Kefalianos Elaina , Hearne Anna , Reilly Sheena 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
To examine if a community sample of 11-year-old children with persistent stuttering have higher anxiety than children who have recovered from stuttering and nonstuttering controls.

Method
Participants in a community cohort study were categorized into 3 groups: (a) those with persistent stuttering, (b) those with recovered stuttering, and (c) nonstuttering controls. Linear regression modeling compared outcomes on measures of child anxiety and emotional and behavioral functioning for the 3 groups.

Results
Without adjustment for covariates (unadjusted analyses), the group with persistent stuttering showed significantly increased anxiety compared with the recovered stuttering group and nonstuttering controls. The group with persistent stuttering had a higher number of children with autism spectrum disorder and/or learning difficulties. Once these variables were included as covariates in subsequent analysis, there was no difference in anxiety, emotional and behavioral functioning, or temperament among groups.

Conclusion
Although recognized to be associated with stuttering in clinical samples, anxiety was not higher in school-age children who stutter in a community cohort. It may be that anxiety develops later or is less marked in community cohorts compared with clinical samples. We did, however, observe higher anxiety scores in those children who stuttered and had autism spectrum disorder or learning difficulties. Implications and recommendations for research are discussed.
Large Cysticercus in the Cerebellopontine Angle: Case Report
Authors: Kumar Sushil , Garg Amit , Handa Amit 
Published: April 2017

AbstractNeurocysticercosis is an infection of the central nervous system caused by larvae of the pork tapeworm Taenia solium. We report a case of large cyst in the cerebellopontine angle that increased in size under observation and surgery revealed it to be cysticercus. It was removed in toto and patient improved on follow-up.
Noninvasive Ventilation in Newborns ≤ 1,500 g after Tracheal Extubation: Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Fontes Maria , Bhandari Vineet , Resende Camilla , Johnston Cintia , Ribeiro Simone 
Published: April 2017

Objective Our aim was to compare the success of extubation in neonates managed with nonsynchronized intermittent nasal positive-pressure ventilation (nsNIPPV) and two modes of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) after the first extubation.
Study Design Randomized controlled clinical trial conducted in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) included infants with gestational age ≤ 34 weeks and birth weights (BW) 500 to 1,500 g with a diagnosis of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), divided into three groups: ventilation with nsNIPPV, bubble-NCPAP, and ventilator-NCPAP. Extubation failure (EF) was defined as occurring within 48 hours after extubation.
Results We included 101 newborns: nsNIPPV (n = 36); bubble-NCPAP (n = 32) ventilator-NCPAP (n = 33). Overall, the extubation success rate was 81.2%. There were no skin, gastric, or pulmonary complications related to noninvasive ventilation (NIV) (p = 1). There was no difference between the groups regarding the success/EF (p = 0.4). There was extubation success in 81 (81.2%) cases, and EF occurred in 20 (19.8%), associated with longer invasive mechanical ventilation time (p < 0.001) and development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (p = 0.04).
Conclusion In this trial, three modalities of NIV applied in the success/failure outcomes of extubation avoided reintubation in 80% of infants.
Ambiguity in the causes for decadal trends in atmospheric methane and hydroxyl
Authors: Turner Alexander J. , Frankenberg Christian , Wennberg Paul O. , Jacob Daniel J. 
Published: April 2017

Significance
Recent trends in atmospheric methane are not well understood as evidenced by multiple hypotheses proposed to explain the stabilization of methane concentrations in the early 2000s and the renewed growth since 2007. Here we use a multispecies inversion to determine the cause of these decadal trends. The most likely explanation for the renewed growth in atmospheric methane involves a decrease in hydroxyl (OH), the main sink for atmospheric methane, that is partially offset by a decrease in methane emissions. However, we also demonstrate that the problem of attributing methane trends from the current surface observation network, including isotopes, is underdetermined and does not allow unambiguous attribution of decadal trends.
Role of atmospheric oxidation in recent methane growth
Authors: Rigby Matthew , Montzka Stephen A. , Prinn Ronald G. , White James W. C. , Young Dickon , O’Doherty Simon , Lunt Mark F. , Ganesan Anita L. , Manning Alistair J. , Simmonds Peter G. , Salameh Peter K. , Harth Christina M. , Mühle Jens , Weiss Ray F. , Fraser Paul J. , Steele L. Paul , Krummel Paul B. , McCulloch Archie , Park Sunyoung 
Published: April 2017

Significance
Methane, the second most important greenhouse gas, has varied markedly in its atmospheric growth rate. The cause of these fluctuations remains poorly understood. Recent efforts to determine the drivers of the pause in growth in 1999 and renewed growth from 2007 onward have focused primarily on changes in sources alone. Here, we show that changes in the major methane sink, the hydroxyl radical, have likely played a substantial role in the global methane growth rate. This work has significant implications for our understanding of the methane budget, which is important if we are to better predict future changes in this potent greenhouse gas and effectively mitigate enhanced radiative forcing caused by anthropogenic emissions.
Single-cell analysis of HIV-1 transcriptional activity reveals expression of proviruses in expanded clones during ART
Authors: Wiegand Ann , Spindler Jonathan , Hong Feiyu F. , Shao Wei , Cyktor Joshua C. , Cillo Anthony R. , Halvas Elias K. , Coffin John M. , Mellors John W. , Kearney Mary F. 
Published: April 2017

Significance
Previously, we showed that the virus that persists in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART) is derived from cells infected prior to initiating treatment. We also showed that HIV-infected cells can undergo cellular proliferation during ART. However, it is not known what fraction of infected cells that persist during ART are latent and what fraction are actively producing HIV RNA. The method described here was developed to determine the fraction of infected cells that produce HIV RNA and the levels of HIV RNA in single cells, including cells that have undergone cellular proliferation. Additionally, the method can be used to identify the sources of rebound virus after stopping ART and the efficacy of experimental interventions designed to cure HIV infection.
Coding of navigational affordances in the human visual system
Authors: Bonner Michael F. , Epstein Russell A. 
Published: April 2017

SignificanceAs we move about the world, we use vision to determine where we can go in our local environment and where our path is blocked. Despite the ubiquity of this problem, little is known about how it is solved by the brain. Here we show that a specific region in the human visual system, known as the occipital place area, automatically encodes the structure of navigable space in visual scenes, thus providing evidence for a bottom-up visual mechanism for perceiving potential paths for movement in one’s immediate surroundings. These findings are consistent with classic theoretical work predicting that sensory systems are optimized for processing environmental features that afford ecologically relevant behaviors, including the fundamental behavior of navigation.
Alterations in cellular metabolism triggered by
URA7
or
GLN3
inactivation cause imbalanced dNTP pools and increased mutagenesis
Authors: Schmidt Tobias T. , Reyes Gloria , Gries Kerstin , Ceylan Cemile Ümran , Sharma Sushma , Meurer Matthias , Knop Michael , Chabes Andrei , Hombauer Hans 
Published: April 2017

Significance
The duplication of the genetic information (DNA) requires high accuracy to prevent potentially deleterious genetic alterations (mutations). The fidelity of this reaction depends on DNA polymerase selectivity and proofreading functions, postreplicative mismatch repair (MMR), and the abundance of dNTPs, the building blocks of DNA. Here, in a genome-wide screen in budding yeast, we uncovered a group of genes required for high-fidelity DNA replication. When these genes are absent, cells are prone to incorporate incorrect nucleotides, and consequently they heavily rely on DNA polymerase functions and MMR to prevent severe hypermutability. These findings suggest that similar genetic interactions could play a role in human cancer, where inactivation of these genes might act as “minidrivers” that facilitate tumor evolution.
Deubiquitinase YOD1 potentiates YAP/TAZ activities through enhancing ITCH stability
Authors: Kim Youngeun , Kim Wantae , Song Yonghee , Kim Jeong-Rae , Cho Kyungjoo , Moon Hyuk , Ro Simon Weonsang , Seo Eunjeong , Ryu Yeon-Mi , Myung Seung-Jae , Jho Eek-Hoon 
Published: April 2017

Significance
The Hippo pathway restricts cell proliferation and plays key roles in organ size control and tissue homeostasis. The crucial step of this pathway is the regulation of the transcriptional coactivators YAP/TAZ by LATS1/2 kinases. We report in the present study that deubiquitinase YOD1 acts as a positive regulator of YAP/TAZ in controlling organ size. The significance of our study is the discovery of a regulatory mechanism for the Hippo pathway: high cell density miR-21−YOD1−ITCH−LATS signaling cascade, which is parallel to a previously known high cell density MST1/2−LATS signaling cascade. Data from harnessing a mouse model that allowed inducible human YOD1 expression in mouse liver and liver cancer patients suggest mechanistic insights to expand our understanding about regulation of the Hippo pathway.
Massive horizontal transfer of transposable elements in insects
Authors: Peccoud Jean , Loiseau Vincent , Cordaux Richard , Gilbert Clément 
Published: April 2017

Significance
Eukaryotes normally receive their genetic material from their parents but may occasionally, like prokaryotes do, acquire DNA from unrelated organisms through horizontal transfer (HT). In animals and plants, HT mostly concerns transposable elements (TEs), probably because these pieces of DNA can move within genomes. Assessing the impact of HTs on eukaryote evolution and the factors shaping the dynamics of these HTs requires large-scale systematic studies. We have analyzed the genomes from 195 insect species and found that no fewer than 2,248 events of HT of TEs occurred during the last 10 My, particularly between insects that were closely related and geographically close. These results suggest that HT of TEs plays a major role in insect genome evolution.
Effect of cholesterol on the molecular structure and transitions in a clinical-grade lung surfactant extract
Authors: Andersson Jenny Marie , Grey Carl , Larsson Marcus , Ferreira Tiago Mendes , Sparr Emma 
Published: April 2017

Significance
Cholesterol is currently removed from most lung surfactant extract preparations used in clinical applications. Cholesterol-depleted samples are also used in most in vitro studies of the lung surfactant layer. In our study we have performed a detailed molecular characterization of the structure of the lung surfactant with regard to cholesterol content and temperature. We show that cholesterol has a strong impact on the phase behavior, structure, and dynamics of the lung surfactant system even at low concentrations. We emphasize the importance of controlling the cholesterol content of the lung surfactant system studied to better mimic the endogenous lung surfactant and develop better preparations for clinical treatments.
Halal food certification in the UK and its impact on food businesses: a review in the context of the European Union.
Authors: Fuseini A. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

The majority of Muslims only consume Halal food because they believe the consumption of such foods is a commandment from Allah (God). Whilst Halal food may be readily available in Muslim-majority countries, Muslims living in the West often encounter a great deal of difficulty in finding Halal food. This led to the establishment of several unregulated Halal Certification Bodies (HCBs) within the European Union and other industrialized economies in an effort to assure Halal consumers that Halal certified products are consistent with the Islamic dietary laws. However, these HCBs operate according to varying Halal standards, brought about by differences in opinion regarding the interpretation of some aspects of the Islamic dietary laws enshrined in the Quran (Islamic Holy Book) and
Hadith
(Teachings of the Prophet of Islam). This has created confusion among food businesses and Halal consumers regarding what is true Halal, it also particularly makes the regulation of HCBs very cumbersome. This paper aims to review literature on the economic significance of the Halal food market and explore the activities of HCBs and the impact of these on UK Halal food businesses.
One world, one health: combating infectious diseases in the age of globalization
Authors: Qiu Jane 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
There has been a resurgence of the H7N9 bird-flu virus in China since last winter, resulting in over 460 human infections—the largest number since the first outbreak in 2013—raising serious concerns about its further spread and the effectiveness of existing anti-viral drugs. This is just the latest example of the increasing threat from emerging infectious diseases. Due to a combination of factors related to farming practices, human behaviour, international travel, globalization and climate change, there has been a succession of such pandemics in recent years, such as Severe Acute Respiration Syndrome (SARS), Nipah, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Ebola and Zika, posing an unprecedented challenge to scientists and health workers worldwide.
In a forum organized by National Science Review at the World Life Science Conference last November, an international panel of scientists discussed the lessons that have learned from a string of pandemics in recent years, the importance of international collaboration and sharing research benefits more equitably, why there is an urgent need to move towards the one-health approach, and how China could play a leading role in the global effort to combat infectious diseases.
Gregory Gray Duke University, USA; Duke Kunshan University, China; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore Linfa Wang Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore Peter Horby Center for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, UK Fujie Zhang Capital Medical University, Beijing Titan Hospital, China Malik Peiris University of Hong Kong, China George Fu Gao Deputy Director General of the Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention; Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Visual improvements in vaginal mucosa correlate with symptoms of VVA: data from a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Simon James A. , Archer David F. , Kagan Risa , Bernick Brian , Graham Shelli , Constantine Ginger D. , Mirkin Sebastian 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Objective:
To evaluate the response of the vaginal mucosa with TX-004HR and its correlation with vulvar and vaginal atrophy (VVA) symptoms, and whether visual examination is a useful measure for assessing VVA.

Methods:
REJOICE was a 12-week, phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of a vaginal, muco-adhesive, 17β-estradiol softgel capsule (TX-004HR 4, 10, and 25 μg) in postmenopausal women with VVA and moderate-to-severe dyspareunia. Treatments were self-administered vaginally once per day for 2 weeks, then twice per week for 10 weeks. The vagina was visually examined at baseline and at weeks 2, 6, 8, and 12; changes were evaluated using a 4-item scale for vaginal color, vaginal epithelial integrity, vaginal epithelial surface thickness, and vaginal secretions.

Results:
Significant improvements were observed with all three TX-004HR doses versus placebo in vaginal color (least square mean score changes of −0.96 to −1.06 for TX-004HR doses vs −0.60 for placebo at week 12), epithelial integrity (−0.97 to −1.07 vs −0.60), epithelial surface thickness (−0.94 to −1.03 vs −0.61), and secretions (−1.01 to −1.06 vs −0.64) (P < 0.001 for all comparisons at all time points). Both Pearson's correlations and logistic regression receiver-operating characteristic curve analyses significantly correlated the sum of the individual visual assessment scores with dyspareunia (P < 0.0001) and vaginal dryness (P < 0.0001) at 12 weeks.

Conclusions:
Greater improvements in the vaginal mucosa of postmenopausal women with VVA and moderate-to-severe dyspareunia were observed with TX-004HR versus placebo, and vaginal mucosa assessment scores correlated with vaginal symptoms of dyspareunia and dryness. Visual vaginal assessment by healthcare professionals is a useful measure for diagnosing VVA and assessing response to treatment.
BILATERAL VISUAL FIELD DEFECTS IN A PATIENT TREATED WITH THE MEK AND BRAF INHIBITORS TRAMETINIB AND DABRAFENIB FOR MELANOMA OF UNKNOWN ORIGIN
Authors: Siedlecki Jakob , Mackert Marc , Wolf Armin , Berking Carola , Priglinger Siegfried G. , Eibl-Lindner Kirsten 
Published: April 2017

Introduction:
Although the introduction of BRAF and MEK inhibitors has greatly enhanced treatment possibilities in advanced BRAFV600-mutated melanoma, class-related toxicities are rather frequent and often involve the eye. Ophthalmologic side effects most commonly include central/diffuse serous retinopathy and retinal vein occlusion. Affection of the optic nerve head however has not been described clinically.

Case report:
A 29-year-old man presented in our eye clinic with bilateral blurred vision. Seventeen days earlier, he had been started on trametinib and dabrafenib combination therapy for metastasized melanoma of unknown origin. Visual field testing revealed diffuse bilateral defects, which regressed spontaneously on pause of MEK and BRAF inhibitor treatment.

Discussion:
In addition to the widely known class-related retinal toxicity, MEK and BRAF inhibitor-associated adverse events may also involve the optic nerve head, causing visual field defects probably regressing spontaneously after discontinuation of targeted oncologic therapy. In such cases, repeat brain imaging and exclusion of melanoma-associated retinopathy is recommended. Reinitiation of treatment and subsequent dose escalation seem to be feasible, but should be monitored by an ophthalmologist.
Squamous Cellular Carcinoma Antigen Serum Determination as a Biomarker of Barrett Esophagus and Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Maddalo Gemma , Fassan Matteo , Cardin Romilda , Piciocchi Marika , Marafatto Filippo , Rugge Massimo , Zaninotto Giovanni , Pozzan Caterina , Castoro Carlo , Ruol Alberto , Biasiolo Alessandra , Farinati Fabio 
Published: April 2017

Goal:
To evaluate the potential role of the determination of the immunocomplexed form of squamous cell carcinoma antigen [SCCA-immunoglobulin (Ig)M] for the screening of Barrett esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC).

Background:
The cost-effectiveness of surveillance in BE is still debated and the use of biomarkers in screening and surveillance still not recommended. No information is available regarding SCCA-IgM determination in BE.

Study:
SCCA-IgM levels were determined (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) in 231 patients prospectively recruited, 71 with BE, 53 with EAC, and 107 controls, including 42 blood donors and 65 patients with gastroesophageal reflux. SCCA-IgM cutoffs between BE/EAC and controls and for BE “at risk” versus short nondysplastic BE were calculated by receiver operating characteristic curves. Immunostaining for SCCA-IgM was obtained in a subgroup of patients.

Results:
Median SCCA-IgM values were significantly higher in BE and EAC than in controls (P=0.0001). Patients with SCCA-IgM levels above the cutoff had a 33 times higher relative risk of harboring BE or EAC (P=0.0001). Patients “at risk,” with long or dysplastic BE had SCCA-IgM levels significantly higher than those with short nondysplastic BE (P=0.035) and patients with SCCA-IgM above the cutoff had a 8 times higher relative risk of having BE “at risk.” SCCA was expressed in Barrett mucosa but not in cardiac metaplasia.

Conclusions:
Serum SCCA-IgM determination allows the identification of patients at risk for BE/EAC and the stratification of BE patients in subgroups with different cancer risk. Because of the still limited number of controls, large, prospective studies are required to confirm this evidence.
Short article: Anger and quality of life in patients co-infected with HIV and hepatitis C virus: a cross-sectional study (ANRS CO13-HEPAVIH)
Authors: Marcellin Fabienne , Protopopescu Camelia , Esterle Laure , Wittkop Linda , Piroth Lionel , Aumaitre Hugues , Bouchaud Olivier , Goujard Cécile , Vittecoq Daniel , Dabis François , Salmon-Ceron Dominique , Spire Bruno , Roux Perrine , Carrieri Maria P. 
Published: April 2017

Objective
The aim of this study is to document the relationship between anger dimensions (state, trait, expression, and control) and quality of life (QoL) in patients co-infected with HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV).

Patients and methods
This is a cross-sectional study nested in the ANRS CO13-HEPAVIH French national cohort. Anger and QoL were assessed using self-administered questionnaires in 536 HIV–HCV-co-infected patients. Correlations between anger scores (STAXI-2 scale) and QoL scores (WHOQOL-HIV BREF scale) were assessed using Spearman’s coefficients. Multiple linear regression models were then used to test the relationship between the different dimensions of anger and QoL after adjustment for statistically significant psychosocial, sociobehavioral, and clinical characteristics.

Results
Patients with excessive alcohol use or history of injecting drug use had higher levels of anger. All dimensions of anger were significantly correlated with impaired QoL for all six dimensions of the WHOQOL-HIV BREF scale. Greater internal experience of anger and impaired anger control were confirmed as independent correlates of impaired QoL related to psychological health, social relationships, and patients’ beliefs after adjustment for depressive symptoms, functional impact of fatigue, socioeconomic status, and HIV-related characteristics.

Conclusion
Anger issues need close monitoring in HIV–HCV-co-infected patients, especially in patients with addictive behaviors. Screening for problems in anger management and implementing individualized psychotherapeutic strategies may help improve QoL in this population.
Paracrine regulation of normal and malignant hematopoiesis
Authors: Chai-Ho Wanxing , Chute John P. 
Published: April 2017

Purpose of review
The paradigm of niche-regulation of hematopoiesis has rapidly and substantially evolved within the last 12 months. Here, we will review the most critical advances in understanding of paracrine regulation of normal and malignant hematopoietic stem cell fate during the past year.

Recent findings
Several novel paracrine mechanisms have been recently identified, highlighting the function of mesenchymal progenitor cells, osteoprogenitor cells and endothelial cells in regulating hematopoietic stem cell maintenance and regeneration. Similarly, niche-driven inflammatory states, paracrine mechanisms, exosomes, and endocytosis have each been shown to powerfully regulate the maintenance and propagation of leukemic cells.

Summary
The elucidation of paracrine mechanisms that regulate normal and malignant hematopoiesis is critical for both fundamental understanding of hematology and for the identification of novel molecular targets for therapeutic translation.