bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A sloped piecemeal Gaussian model for characterising foveal pit shape
Authors: Liu Lei , Marsh‐Tootle Wendy , Harb Elise N. , Hou Wei , Zhang Qinghua , Anderson Heather A. , Norton Thomas T. , Weise Katherine K. , Gwiazda Jane E. , Hyman Leslie ,   the COMET Group
Published: October 2016

AbstractPurposeHigh‐quality optical coherence tomography (OCT) macular scans make it possible to distinguish a range of normal and diseased states by characterising foveal pit shape. Existing mathematical models lack the flexibility to capture all known pit variations and thus characterise the pit with limited accuracy. This study aimed to develop a new model that provides a more robust characterisation of individual foveal pit variations.MethodsA Sloped Piecemeal Gaussian (SPG) model, consisting of a linear combination of a tilted line and a piecemeal Gaussian function (two halves of a Gaussian connected by a separate straight line), was developed to fit retinal thickness data with the flexibility to characterise different degrees of pit asymmetry and pit bottom flatness. It fitted the raw pit data between the two rims of the fovea to improve accuracy. The model was tested on 3488 macular scans from both eyes of 581 young adults (376 myopes and 206 non‐myopes, mean (S.D.) age 21.9 (1.4) years). Estimates for retinal thickness, wall height and slope, pit depth and width were derived from the best‐fitting model curve. Ten variations of Gaussian and Difference of Gaussian models were fitted to the same scans and compared with the SPG model for goodness of fit (by Root mean square error, RMSE), model complexity (by the Bayesian Information Criteria) and model fidelity.ResultsThe SPG model produced excellent goodness of fit (mean RMSE = 4.25 and 3.89 μm; 95% CI: 4.20, 4.30 and 3.86, 3.93 for fitting horizontal and vertical profiles respectively). The SPG model showed pit asymmetry, with average nasal walls 17.6 (11.6) μm higher and 0.96 (0.61)° steeper than temporal walls and average superior walls 7.0 (12.2) μm higher and 0.41 (0.65)° steeper than the inferior walls. The SPG model also revealed a continuum of human foveal shapes, from round bottoms to extended flat bottoms (up to 563 μm). 49.1% of foveal profiles were best fitted with a flat bottom >30 μm wide. Compared with the other tested models, the SPG was the preferred model overall based on the Bayesian Information Criteria.ConclusionsThe SPG is a new parsimonious mathematical model that improves upon other models by accounting for wall asymmetry and flat pit bottoms, providing an excellent fit and more faithful characterisation of typical foveal pit shapes and their known variations. This new model may be helpful in distinguishing normal foveal shape variations by refractive status as well by other characteristics such as sex, ethnicity and age.
Identification of QTLs for red fruit firmness using the wild tomato species Solanum pennellii LA716 introgression lines
Authors: Yang Shengbao , Yu Qinghui , Wang Baike , Yang Tao , Li Ning , Tang Yaping , Aisimutuola Patiguli , Wang Qiang , Xu Jian , Gao Jie 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe introgression lines (ILs) of the wild tomato species Solanum pennellii have been widely used to identify genes related to yield, texture, disease resistance and stress tolerance. In addition to flavour, fruit firmness is an important evaluation index and essential trait indicating tomato fruit quality. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for fruit firmness have been identified through hand squeezing and pericarp puncturing. However, these techniques hardly reveal the force value of the whole fruit suffering from rupture or deformation. In this study, S. pennellii ILs were used to identify QTLs related to fruit firmness through flat‐plate compression. Nine QTLs for enhancing and sixteen QTLs for decreasing fruit firmness were successfully identified. Compared with that of ‘M82’, the amount of QTLs that enhance fruit firmness increased by 8.76% to 21.00%, and the amount of QTLs that reduce fruit firmness decreased by −8.27% to −30.80%. The QTL Crf12a and Crf‐R‐7b is the strongest and weakest QTL, respectively, while they are very stable in all independent biological trials. Six QTLs should be further confirmed through open‐field trials.
Decline in ventricular function as a result of general anesthesia in pediatric heart transplant recipients
Authors: Elhoff Justin J. , Chowdhury Shahryar M. , Taylor Carolyn L. , Hassid Marc , Savage Andrew J. , Atz Andrew M. , Butts Ryan J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractEchocardiography is frequently performed under anesthesia during procedures such as cardiac catheterization with EMB in pediatric HTx recipients. Anesthetic agents may depress ventricular function, resulting in concern for rejection. The aim of this study was to compare ventricular function as measured by echocardiography before and during GA in 17 pediatric HTx recipients. Nearly all markers of ventricular systolic function were significantly decreased under GA, including EF (−4.2% ±1.2, P < .01) and RV FAC (−0.05 ± 0.02, P = .04). Subjects in the first post‐transplant year (n = 9) trended toward a more significant decrease in EF vs those beyond the first post‐transplant year (n = 8; −6.0% ±1.2 vs −2.1 ± 2.0, P = .1). This information quantifies a decline in biventricular function that should be expected in pediatric HTx recipients while under GA and can assist the transplant clinician in avoiding unnecessary treatment of transient GA‐induced ventricular dysfunction.
Concordance-Assisted Learning for Estimating Optimal Individualized Treatment Regimes
Authors: Fan Caiyun , Lu Wenbin , Song Rui , Zhou Yong 
Published: October 2016

Summary
We propose new concordance-assisted learning for estimating optimal individualized treatment regimes. We first introduce a type of concordance function for prescribing treatment and propose a robust rank regression method for estimating the concordance function. We then find treatment regimes, up to a threshold, to maximize the concordance function, named the prescriptive index. Finally, within the class of treatment regimes that maximize the concordance function, we find the optimal threshold to maximize the value function. We establish the rate of convergence and asymptotic normality of the proposed estimator for parameters in the prescriptive index. An induced smoothing method is developed to estimate the asymptotic variance of the estimator. We also establish the n1/3-consistency of the estimated optimal threshold and its limiting distribution. In addition, a doubly robust estimator of parameters in the prescriptive index is developed under a class of monotonic index models. The practical use and effectiveness of the methodology proposed are demonstrated by simulation studies and an application to an acquired immune deficiency syndrome data set.
Knowledge Equity is Social Justice: Engaging a Practice Theory Perspective of Knowledge for Rural Transformation
Authors: Jaffe JoAnn 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSocial inequities are made possible by and compounded by knowledge inequity. Accordingly, new and more vehicles are needed in which different and transformative knowledges can chart new possibilities, practices, and meanings for rural people. One way forward is to work toward an ecology of knowledges in which the need for many types of knowledge is recognized and different knowledges are respected. Drawing on case study and “photo‐voice” research with women in rural Ethiopia, this article uses a practice theory approach to explore the possibilities of knowledge dialogue among different types of knowledge and skill. Recognizing the wide spectrum of deep knowledge and skill employed in local practice, and understanding how all knowledges are rooted in social context, actors can find common ground to dialogue through methods of praxis and narrative.
Establishment of optimized ELISA system specific for HLA‐G in body fluids
Authors: Ouji‐Sageshima N. , Geraghty D. E. , Ishitani A. , Hatake K. , Ito T. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractRecently, human leukocyte antigen‐G (HLA‐G) has been a focus in the field of reproductive immunology, tumor progression and transplantation, because of its inhibitory function as ligand to the inhibitory receptors leukocyte immunoglobulin‐like receptors (LILR) B1 and LILRB2. The HLA‐G is expressed in distinct mRNA isoforms, one of which encodes a soluble HLA‐G (sHLA‐G) protein, detectable by sandwich ELISA. Therefore, sHLA‐G ELISAs have been used as a noninvasive diagnosis system. While a number of sHLA‐G‐specific ELISAs have been described, our prior studies showed that data obtained by the conventional ELISA system detecting sHLA‐G in body fluids was not consistent with the data obtained from immunoprecipitation (IP)/immunoblotting (IB). Therefore, we established an optimized ELISA system described in this report, which yields results consistent with IP/IB analysis. Using this system, we determined sHLA‐G protein in amniotic fluids, and found that sHLA‐G levels at preterm (∼36 weeks) were clearly higher than those at term (37–41 weeks). These data and supporting experiments showed that the ELISA system we established can be an useful tools for the detection of sHLA‐G protein in body fluids than the conventional ELISA system.
Memory and Common Ground Processes in Language Use
Authors: Brown‐Schmidt Sarah , Duff Melissa C. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDuring communication, we form assumptions about what our communication partners know and believe. Information that is mutually known between the discourse partners—their common ground—serves as a backdrop for successful communication. Here we present an introduction to the focus of this topic, which is the role of memory in common ground and language use. Two types of questions emerge as central to understanding the relationship between memory and common ground, specifically questions having to do with the representation of common ground in memory, and the use of common ground during language processing.
Interrogating Feature Learning Models to Discover Insights Into the Development of Human Expertise in a Real‐Time, Dynamic Decision‐Making Task
Authors: Sibert Catherine , Gray Wayne D. , Lindstedt John K. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTetris provides a difficult, dynamic task environment within which some people are novices and others, after years of work and practice, become extreme experts. Here we study two core skills; namely, (a) choosing the goal or objective function that will maximize performance and (b)a feature‐based analysis of the current game board to determine where to place the currently falling zoid (i.e., Tetris piece) so as to maximize the goal. In Study 1, we build cross‐entropy reinforcement learning (CERL) models (Szita & Lorincz, 2006) to determine whether different goals result in different feature weights. Two of these optimization strategies quickly rise to performance plateaus, whereas two others continue toward higher but more jagged (i.e., variable) heights. In Study 2, we compare the zoid placement decisions made by our best CERL models with those made by 67 human players. Across 370,131 human game episodes, two CERL models picked the same zoid placements as our lowest scoring human for 43% of the placements and as our three best scoring experts for 65% of the placements. Our findings suggest that people focus on maximizing points, not number of lines cleared or number of levels reached. They also show that goal choice influences the choice of zoid placements for CERLs and suggest that the same is true of humans. Tetris has a repetitive task structure that makes Tetris more tractable and more like a traditional experimental psychology paradigm than many more complex games or tasks. Hence, although complex, Tetris is not overwhelmingly complex and presents a right‐sized challenge to cognitive theories, especially those of integrated cognitive systems.
Networks of Value‐added Trade
Authors: Amador João , Cabral Sónia 
Published: October 2016

AbstractGlobal value chains (GVCs) require new methods for evaluating interconnections among countries, which can no longer be accurately appraised by standard bilateral gross trade flows. This paper uses tools of network analysis to examine the evolution of value‐added trade from 1995 to 2011. GVCs are very centralised and asymmetric networks, with a few large economies acting as hubs, which exposes them to the propagation of idiosyncratic shocks. As GVCs expanded, the networks of foreign value added in exports became denser, more complex and intensively connected. The regional dimension of GVCs is still dominant but is progressively giving place to a more global network. Networks of foreign value added in goods exports outpace those of services exports. However, foreign inputs of services are important for exports of both goods and services. There is a striking rise of China as a supplier of value added, while Germany and the United States maintain a central role in GVCs over the whole period.
Draft Genome Sequences of One Marine and One Clinical Vibrio parahaemolyticus Strain, Both Isolated in Sweden
Authors: Collin Betty , Pinnell Lee J. , Tallman James J. , Turner Jeffrey W. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Vibrio parahaemolyticus
is the leading bacterial pathogen associated with seafood consumption. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of one marine and one clinical strain, both isolated in Sweden. These sequences will inform future comparative analysis of
V. parahaemolyticus
in northern Europe.
Complete Genome Sequence of Human Adenovirus 7 Associated with Fatal Adult Pneumonia
Authors: Yatsyshina Svetlana B. , Ageeva Margarita R. , Deviatkin Andrey A. , Pimkina Ekaterina V. , Markelov Mikhail L. , Dedkov Vladimir G. , Safonova Marina V. , Shumilina Elena Y. , Lukashev Alexander N. , Shipulin German A. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Human adenovirus 7 (hAdv7) 19BOVLB/Volgograd/Rus/2014 was isolated from the autopsy material from an adult with fatal pneumonia in Volgograd, Russia, in March 2014. Whole-genome sequencing of the virus isolate was performed.
Training loads and injury risk in Australian football—differing acute: chronic workload ratios influence match injury risk
Authors: Carey David L , Blanch Peter , Ong Kok-Leong , Crossley Kay M , Crow Justin , Morris Meg E 
Published: October 2016

Aims(1) To investigate whether a daily acute:chronic workload ratio informs injury risk in Australian football players; (2) to identify which combination of workload variable, acute and chronic time window best explains injury likelihood.MethodsWorkload and injury data were collected from 53 athletes over 2 seasons in a professional Australian football club. Acute:chronic workload ratios were calculated daily for each athlete, and modelled against non-contact injury likelihood using a quadratic relationship. 6 workload variables, 8 acute time windows (2–9 days) and 7 chronic time windows (14–35 days) were considered (336 combinations). Each parameter combination was compared for injury likelihood fit (using R2).ResultsThe ratio of moderate speed running workload (18–24 km/h) in the previous 3 days (acute time window) compared with the previous 21 days (chronic time window) best explained the injury likelihood in matches (R2=0.79) and in the immediate 2 or 5 days following matches (R2=0.76–0.82). The 3:21 acute:chronic workload ratio discriminated between high-risk and low-risk athletes (relative risk=1.98–2.43). Using the previous 6 days to calculate the acute workload time window yielded similar results. The choice of acute time window significantly influenced model performance and appeared to reflect the competition and training schedule.ConclusionsDaily workload ratios can inform injury risk in Australian football. Clinicians and conditioning coaches should consider the sport-specific schedule of competition and training when choosing acute and chronic time windows. For Australian football, the ratio of moderate speed running in a 3-day or 6-day acute time window and a 21-day chronic time window best explained injury risk.
Rhyl Field: developing a new structural model by integrating basic geological principles with advanced seismic imaging in the Irish Sea
Authors: Ward Gavin , Baker Dean 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
A new model of compression in the Upper Triassic overlying the Rhyl Field has been developed for the Keys Basin, Irish Sea. This paper highlights the significance of the overburden velocity model in revealing the true structure of the field. The advent of 3D seismic and pre-stack depth migration has improved the interpreter's knowledge of complex velocity fields, such as shallow channels, salt bodies and volcanic intrusions. The huge leaps in processing power and migration algorithms have advanced the understanding of many anomalous features, but at a price: seismic imaging has always been a balance of quality against time and cost. As surveys get bigger and velocity analyses become more automated, quality control of the basic geological assumptions becomes an even more critical factor in the processing of seismic data and in the interpretation of structure. However, without knowledge of both regional and local geology, many features in the subsurface can be processed out of the seismic by relying too heavily on processing algorithms to image the structural model. Regrettably, without an integrated approach, this sometimes results in basic geological principles taking second place to technology and has contributed to hiding the structure of the Rhyl Field until recently.
Prediction of hemodynamics under left ventricular assist device
Authors: Kakino Takamori , Saku Keita , Sakamoto Takafumi , Sakamoto Kazuo , Akashi Takuya , Ikeda Masataka , Ide Tomomi , Kishi Takuya , Tsutsui Hiroyuki , Sunagawa Kenji 
Published: October 2016

Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) saves lives in patients with severe left ventricular (LV) failure. However, predicting how much LVAD boosts total cardiac output (CO) remains difficult. This study aimed to develop a framework to quantitatively predict the impact of LVAD on hemodynamics. We adopted the circulatory equilibrium framework and incorporated LVAD into the integrated CO curve to derive the circulatory equilibrium. In anesthetized dogs, we ligated left coronary arteries to create LV failure and inserted a centrifugal pump as LVAD. Using CO and right (PRA) and left atrial pressure (PLA) measured before LVAD support, we predetermined the stressed volume (V) and logarithmic slope of right heart CO curve (SR). Next, we initiated LVAD at maximum level and then decreased LVAD flow stepwise while monitoring hemodynamic changes. We predicted LVAD-induced CO and PRA for given PLA from the predetermined SR and V and compared with those measured experimentally. The predicted CO [ r2 = 0.907, SE of estimate (SEE) = 5.59 ml·min−1·kg−1, P < 0.001] and PRA ( r2 = 0.967, SEE = 0.307 mmHg, P < 0.001) matched well with measured values indicating the validity of the proposed framework. We further conducted simulation using the validated framework to analyze the impact of LVAD on PRA under various right ventricular (RV) functions. It indicated that PRA is relatively insensitive to changes in RV end-systolic elastance or pulmonary arterial resistance, but sensitive to changes in V. In conclusion, the circulatory equilibrium framework predicts quantitatively the hemodynamic impact of LVAD. This knowledge would contribute to safe management of patients with LV failure undergoing LVAD implantation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Hemodynamic response to left ventricular assist device (LVAD) has not been quantitatively investigated. This is the first report of quantitative prediction of the hemodynamics on LVAD using circulatory equilibrium framework. The validated framework allows us to simulate the impact of LVAD on right atrial pressure under various right ventricular functions.
Molecular Pathways: The eIF4F Translation Initiation Complex—New Opportunities for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Malka-Mahieu Hélène , Newman Michelle , Désaubry Laurent , Robert Caroline , Vagner Stéphan 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The eIF4F complex regulates the cap-dependent mRNA translation process. It is becoming increasingly evident that aberrant activity of this complex is observed in many cancers, leading to the selective synthesis of proteins involved in tumor growth and metastasis. The selective translation of cellular mRNAs controlled by this complex also contributes to resistance to cancer treatments, and downregulation of the eIF4F complex components can restore sensitivity to various cancer therapies. Here, we review the contribution of the eIF4F complex to tumorigenesis, with a focus on its role in chemoresistance as well as the promising use of new small-molecule inhibitors of the complex, including flavaglines/rocaglates, hippuristanol, and pateamine A. Clin Cancer Res; 23(1); 21–25. ©2016 AACR.
Expression of miR-18a and miR-210 in Normal Breast Tissue as Candidate Biomarkers of Breast Cancer Risk
Authors: Shidfar Ali , Costa Fabricio F. , Scholtens Denise , Bischof Jared M. , Sullivan Megan E. , Ivancic David Z. , Vanin Elio F. , Soares Marcelo B. , Wang Jun , Khan Seema A. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
miRNAs are noncoding RNAs with abnormal expression in breast cancer; their expression in high-risk benign breast tissue may relate to breast cancer risk. We examined miRNA profiles in contralateral unaffected breasts (CUB) of patients with breast cancer and validated resulting candidates in two additional sample sets. Expression profiles of 754 mature miRNAs were examined using TaqMan Low Density Arrays in 30 breast cancer samples [15 estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and 15 ER-negative] and paired CUBs and 15 reduction mammoplasty controls. Pairwise comparisons identified miRNAs with significantly differential expression. Seven candidate miRNAs were examined using qRT-PCR in a second CUB sample set (40 cases, 20 ER+, 20 ER−) and 20 reduction mammoplasty controls. Further validation was performed in 80 benign breast biopsy (BBB) samples; 40 from cases who subsequently developed breast cancer and 40 from controls who did not. Logistic regression, using tertiles of miRNA expression, was used to discriminate cases from controls. Seven miRNAs were differentially expressed in tumors and CUBs versus reduction mammoplasty samples. Among them, miR-18a and miR-210 were validated in the second CUB set, showing significantly higher expression in tumor and CUBs than in reduction mammoplasty controls. The expression of miR-18a and miR-210 was also significantly higher in BBB cases than in BBB controls. When both miR-18a and miR-210 were expressed in the upper tertiles in BBB, OR for subsequent cancer was 3.20, P = 0.023. miR-18a and miR-210 are expressed at higher levels in CUBs of patients with breast cancer, and in BBB prior to cancer development, and are therefore candidate breast cancer risk biomarkers. Cancer Prev Res; 10(1); 89–97. ©2016 AACR.