bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First report of multiple anthelmintic resistance in goat farm in Cuba
Authors: Arece-García J. , López-Leyva Y. , Olmedo-Juárez A. , Ramírez-Vargas G. , Reyes-Guerrero D. , López Arellano Ma. E. , De Gives P. Mendoza , Várady M. , Rojo-Rubio R. , González-Garduño R. 
Published: September 2017

Summary
This study determined the efficacies of four classes of anthelmintics (AH) in a goat flock where anthelmintic resistance (AR) to ivermectin was suspected. We selected and randomly distributed 105 animals with >500 eggs per gram of feces into seven groups of 15 animals: an untreated control group and groups treated with ivermectin, eprinomectin, albendazole sulfoxide, albendazole, levamisole, and closantel. The goats were individually weighed and treated with the recommended dose. Fecal samples were collected 14 days post-treatment to determine the fecal egg counts and for a fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT). Coprocultures were also performed for identifying any resistant genera. A molecular assay (polymerase chain reaction, PCR) was used to confirm benzimidazole resistance. The FECRTs for the ivermectin, eprinomectin, albendazole sulfoxide, and albendazole treatments were <90 %, indicating multiple anthelmintic resistance, all in Haemonchus spp. Levamisole had a FECRT confidence interval <90 %, indicating a moderate level of AR. The PCR detected the ß-tubulin alleles responsible for benzimidazole resistance, confirming AR. This study is the first monospecific report of AR in goats in Cuba, with a total failure of macrocyclic lactones anthelmintic class.
Ectopic adrenal tissue associated with borderline mucinous cystadenoma of ovary: a case report with review of the literature
Authors: Chew Kah Teik , Abu Muhammad Azrai , Arifuddin Yulianty , Mohamed Ismail Nor Azlin , Nasir Noor Ain Mohd , Mohammed Fazarina , Nur Azurah Abdul Ghani 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Ectopic adrenal tissue in the ovary is a rare entity. We reported a case of ectopic adrenal tissue in borderline mucinous cystadenoma of the left ovary. A 22 year-old student presented with progressive abdomen distension associated with discomfort for 3 months. Imaging investigation was suggestive of mucinous left ovarian cyst. Left salpingo-oophorectomy was performed and the histopathology revealed borderline mucinous cystadenoma with an incidental finding of ectopic adrenal tissue. This is an interesting case because of its rarity and potential risk of neoplasm changes.
Fitness, body composition and vascular health in adolescent and young adult survivors of paediatric brain cancer and cranial radiotherapy
Authors: Long Treya M. , Rath Shoshana R. , Maroni Tessa D. , Wallman Karen E. , Atkinson Helen C. , Gottardo Nicholas G. , Cole Catherine H. , Choong Catherine S. , Naylor Louise H. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Background
Survivors of paediatric brain cancer and/or cranial radiotherapy (CRT) are at an increased risk of developing serious comorbidities. Established risk factors for chronic disease include central obesity, endothelial abnormalities and diminished fitness.

Objectives
Here we characterised anthropometry, body composition, bone mineral density (BMD), heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), endothelial function, muscular strength and endurance and aerobic fitness in adolescent and young adult (AYA) survivors.

Methods
Twenty survivors (10 male, 10 female; 20 ± 2 years) were compared with 19 matched controls. Muscular strength was assessed using three repetition maximum tests, while muscular endurance was determined as number of repetitions performed per minute. Peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) was assessed on a treadmill using a modified chronotropic protocol. Anthropometric measurements, HR and BP were taken using standard clinical protocols, while body composition and BMD were determined using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Endothelial function was measured using the flow mediated dilation technique.

Results
Survivors demonstrated deficits in muscular strength (latissimus dorsi pull-down, p = 0.020; bicep curl, p = 0.009), muscular endurance (squats, p = 0.012; sit-ups, p = 0.030; push-ups, p = 0.013), minute ventilation at peak exericse (p = 0.002) and VO2peak (L/min, p = 0.002; mL/kg/min, p = 0.008; mL/kg LBM/min, p = 0.010). Additionally, survivors had greater waist-to-hip ratios (p = 0.032), resting HR (p = 0.048) and higher percentage of total body (p = 0.017), central (p = 0.009) and peripheral (p = 0.032) fat. Lean body mass (p = 0.004) and BMD (p = 0.005) were lower in the survivor group.

Conclusion
AYA survivors of paediatric brain cancer and/or CRT exhibit altered body composition, increased resting HR and reduced BMD, muscular strength, muscular endurance and cardiorespiratory fitness compared to controls.
Estimation and Inference for the Mediation Proportion
Authors: Nevo Daniel , Liao Xiaomei , Spiegelman Donna 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
In epidemiology, public health and social science, mediation analysis is often undertaken to investigate the extent to which the effect of a risk factor on an outcome of interest is mediated by other covariates. A pivotal quantity of interest in such an analysis is the mediation proportion. A common method for estimating it, termed the “difference method”, compares estimates from models with and without the hypothesized mediator. However, rigorous methodology for estimation and statistical inference for this quantity has not previously been available. We formulated the problem for the Cox model and generalized linear models, and utilize a data duplication algorithm together with a generalized estimation equations approach for estimating the mediation proportion and its variance. We further considered the assumption that the same link function hold for the marginal and conditional models, a property which we term “g-linkability”. We show that our approach is valid whenever g-linkability holds, exactly or approximately, and present results from an extensive simulation study to explore finite sample properties. The methodology is illustrated by an analysis of pre-menopausal breast cancer incidence in the Nurses’ Health Study. User-friendly publicly available software implementing those methods can be downloaded from the last author’s website (SAS) or from CRAN (R).
Preparation of Activated Carbons from Walnut Shell by Fast Activation with H3PO4: Influence of Fluidization of Particles
Authors: Gao Xinyuan , Wu Long , Wan Wenjie , Xu Qing , Li Zhanyong 
Published: September 2017

AbstractActivated carbons were produced from walnut shell by fast activation with H3PO4in a spouted bed, and the influence of particles fluidization had been investigated. Experimental results showed that walnut shell particles with higher H3PO4impregnation ratios would be agglomerated in spouted bed, and difficult to fluidize. Therefore, an amount of quartz sands were added to assist fluidization of H3PO4impregnated walnut shell particles. The BET surface area of activated carbon prepared under fluidization would be obviously increased with H3PO4impregnation ratio, reaching 1549.6 m2/g for the mass ratio of H3PO4to walnut shell particles of 2 and activation temperature of 700°C. Meanwhile, both of the micro- and meso- pore volumes were increased. In addition, fluidization of particles had very little influence on activated carbon surface functional groups forming. It was found that the activated carbons contained more carbonyl groups (C = O), carboxyl groups (COOH) and some P-containing functional group.
Academic Advising and Student Retention in Distance Learning: The Case of University of Cape Coast, Ghana
Authors: Arhin Vera , Wang’eri Tabitha , Kigen Edward 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis research investigated the impact of academic advising on student retention in distance learning at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana. Explanatory sequential mixed methods design was adopted for the study. The multistage sampling technique was used to sample 727 student participants from a sampling frame of 8731. Four academic advisors and three counsellors at the College of Distance were purposively selected for the study. Further, 16 students who had dropped out from the college were sampled using the snowball sampling technique. A researcher-self constructed questionnaire and a semi-structured interview guide were used to collect data. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Analyses of qualitative data were done using Merriam analytical coding process. At an alpha level of .05 academic advising made a non-significant contribution to prediction (p = .10) which implies that academic advising is not a significant predictor of student retention in distance learning. The study concluded by recommending that academic advisory services should be provided in a practical manner to address the specific needs of students at the College of Distance Education of the University of Cape Coast.
The Views of Nature of Science Expressed by In-Service Teachers Who were Learning History and Philosophy of Science
Authors: Mudavanhu Young , Zezekwa Nicholas 
Published: September 2017

AbstractScience teachers need an adequate understanding of the nature and processes of science as the basis for their pedagogical content knowledge for effective classroom delivery. The aim of the study was to find out in-service teachers’ views on the nature of science (NOS) and how their views compared with informed understanding of the NOS. The study adopted an exploratory case study methodology, qualitative in nature, and used convenience sampling. A questionnaire was administered to 50 in-service teachers doing a bachelor of science honours degree at a selected university in Zimbabwe. The students had done a course in history and philosophy of science where there were exposed to some topics on the NOS. Frequency counts and mean scores were used to describe views of the participants. Analysis involved comparing in-service teachers’ responses with experts’ views. The findings reveal that the students had a naïve understanding of NOS in 5 out of 16 statements from the administered questionnaire. Despite these observations the participants generally had a fair understanding of the NOS as evidenced by the fact that the participants managed to correctly respond to 69% of the questions asked. As such we infer that teaching and learning of nature of science as part of history and philosophy of science had a positive impact on in-service teachers’ views. The few instances when participants’ responses revealed contradictions, suggest that teaching and learning history and philosophy of science may not be adequate to develop a full understanding of nature of science. Further research is recommended with large samples, using a revised Views Of Nature of Science (VNOS) questionnaire and interviews, and document analysis to reveal how nature of science is taught and learnt.
Elements of Content and Presentation of School History Textbooks for Vth Grade of Basic Education in Albania From 1946 to 1991
Authors: Papajani Adrian 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The study aims to provide a picture of the content and presentation of history texts for the fifth grade of basic education during the period of communist rule in Albania (1946-1991). Part of the analysis in the study are elements of design, organization of written text, book size, paper quality, font size, etc., as an important part of a textbook. The methodology used relies on the prevailing situation in the field and the lack of a single methodological model for studying history texts. For this reason, she relied on a list of questions about the content and pedagogic elements of history texts compiled by UNESCO expert Robert Stradling, adapted to the features of the historical period that include texts taken in the study. The analysis was accompanied by the processing of quantitative and qualitative data extracted from the history textbooks, including illustrations, classified into several sub-categories based on their importance for the development and acquisition by students of historical concepts of “change” and “continuity”. The survey findings reflect the most important features of the field for a period of 45 years, some of whose deficiencies, despite ongoing improvements, continue to be present in current textbooks.
Relative Importance of Indicators of Teachers’ Professional Skills as Perceived by Senior High School Economics Teachers in Ghana
Authors: Yidana Mumuni Baba 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe study examined differences in perception among Senior High School Economics teachers on the relative importance of indicators of teachers’ professional skills, based on teaching experience. The study employed the descriptive survey method and comprised a sample of 115 professional Economics teachers drawn from the Central Region of Ghana. A self-designed questionnaire was administered on the respondents. The data were analysed using the t-test. The findings of the study showed that highly experienced Economics teachers perceive indicators of teachers’ skills of instructional planning as more important, relative to the experienced Economics teachers. Again, the finding showed a significant difference in perception between the highly experienced and experienced Economics teachers about the relative importance of the skills of instructional assessment. The study recommends the organisation of in-service workshops for sensitisation as well as the creation of a community of learners among SHS Economics teachers for the sharing of knowledge and experiences.
Learning and Earning in the Context of Small-Scale Gold Mining: Examining the Compatibility of Schooling and Work in the Lives of Working Young People in Ghana
Authors: Jonah Osei-Tutu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDominant discourses on young people’s work tend to highlight the dangers associated with their work. Childhood is seen as a time for school and play and work has been tagged as unarguably incompatible with schooling depriving them enjoying their childhood and reaping the full benefits that come with their schooling. However, far from being universally negative in young people’s lives, the contribution of work particularly to their education and well-being should not be overlooked. Misleading results of policies underpinned by dominant discourses hamper the chances of some working young people to benefit from schooling and damage their chances for development. These benefits are particularly crucial to young people in difficult circumstances of poverty and impoverishment. Utilizing child-focused alongside some traditional methods, the paper gives a voice and hearing to the concerns articulated by young workers and other stakeholders. This paper attempts to highlight the creative side of their work and how some young workers are innovatively finding a balance between schooling and work. It exposes the disconnection between interventions towards young people’s educational inclusion and improves well-being vis-a-vis universalised legislations targeted at abolishing their work. The paper is expected to inform a reconsideration of the conventional thinking and global policy on young people’s work in the global south as some young people are indeed demonstrating work-school compatibility.
Influence of Gender, Age and Location on Students Perceived Link of Population Growth and Climate Change
Authors: Ujiro Igbudu , Norris Erhabor Igbinosa 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Increase in population contributes and it is also affected by climate change, hence it deserves consideration in any climate change policy development strategies. Based on the importance of population growth on climate change, this study was embarked on to ascertain the perception of students to the influence of population growth on the consequences of climate change. The population of the study consisted of undergraduate students in a Federal University in Southern part of Nigeria. A sample size of 362 respondents were selected using systematic sampling to select every one and other halls of residence (3 halls of residence selected out of 6) and simple random sampling of balloting by replacement to select 14% each from the three halls of residence. The questionnaires administered were analyzed using SPSS version 20 and the descriptive and inferential statistical tools were employed to analyze the data gotten. The study revealed that there was a significant difference on the respondents perception based on their gender, age group and home of residence(Urban or rural). Based on these findings, it was recommended among other things that population control measures should be effectively implemented in the country. And any policy on climate change, gender, age group and location should be considered because a gender, age group and location bias policy will increase the severity of the problem.
Positive Discipline Practices in Schools: A Case of Mzilikazi District Secondary Schools in Zimbabwe
Authors: Sibanda Lwazi , Mpofu Mabhena 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe study assessed factors constraining use of positive discipline practices in Mzilikazi District Secondary Schools. Qualitative approach and case study design were employed. Purposively selected participants from four secondary schools comprised four school heads; twenty members of the disciplinary committee, four school counsellors, forty prefects and four School Development Committee chairpersons. Data analysed thematically were collected using face to face semi-structured interviews and focus group interviews. Results revealed that lack of role models, ineffective communication, not rewarding positive behaviour, ineffective monitoring and inadequate financial resources constrained use of positive discipline practices in selected schools. The study concluded that factors that constrained use of positive discipline practices in schools mainly emanated from teachers, learners, parents and the members of the community. It is recommended that schools should initiate training programmes for teachers and parents to positively influence their discipline practices in enhancing use of positive discipline practices.
Changing Roles of Women: Examining the Reciprocal Effects of Female Academics’ Job and Family Roles in Public Universities in Ghana
Authors: Anane Eric , Dankwa Juliana Audria 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe role of women in society seems to be predefined in terms of cultural and physiological lines. Some people think the woman is not capable of taking up some executive positions, because they are weak and too feeble to handle certain kinds of work. However, the last decade has seen huge progress in the employment of women in the formal sector. This study therefore explores the factors that affect the work and family life of female lecturers. Data was generated from the administration of questionnaires on 105 women lecturers, who were conveniently selected from two public universities in the central region of Ghana. Our findings from the study indicated that factors such as teaching large classes, lack of teaching/learning materials, family responsibilities and pressure and demanding Deans and Heads of Departments, affected female lecturers’ job performance. The results also suggest that females academics involved in the study were least bothered about issues on their promotion and personal goals. We recommended that University management would have to come to terms with the requirements of managing tension among women to make the environment potentiating and favourable so as to keep adroit women in higher education.
Gradient Dynamics and Entropy Production Maximization
Authors: Janečka Adam , Pavelka Michal 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe compare two methods for modeling dissipative processes, namely gradient dynamics and entropy production maximization. Both methods require similar physical inputs–-how energy (or entropy) is stored and how it is dissipated. Gradient dynamics describes irreversible evolution by means of dissipation potential and entropy, it automatically satisfies Onsager reciprocal relations as well as their nonlinear generalization (Maxwell–Onsager relations), and it has statistical interpretation. Entropy production maximization is based on knowledge of free energy (or another thermodynamic potential) and entropy production. It also leads to the linear Onsager reciprocal relations and it has proven successful in thermodynamics of complex materials. Both methods are thermodynamically sound as they ensure approach to equilibrium, and we compare them and discuss their advantages and shortcomings. In particular, conditions under which the two approaches coincide and are capable of providing the same constitutive relations are identified. Besides, a commonly used but not often mentioned step in the entropy production maximization is pinpointed and the condition of incompressibility is incorporated into gradient dynamics.
Using Genetic Algorithm for Optimizing 1D Thue–Morse Photonic Crystal-Based Filter
Authors: Tavakoli Golnaz , Andalib Alireza 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
In this article we designed an optical filter based on 1D photonic crystals. Then optimized the proposed structure using genetic algorithm. The proposed filter was designed using generalized Thue–Morse series. After optimizing the proposed structure, we can improve the quality factor of the proposed structure.
Effects of packaging methods on shelf life of ratite meats
Authors: Horbańczuk Olaf K. , Wierzbicka Agnieszka 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Over the last years a growing demand for ratite meat, including ostrich, emu, and rhea has been observed in the world. Ratite meat is recognised as a dietetic product because of low level of fat, high share of PUFA, favourable n6/n3 ratio, and higher amounts of iron content in comparison with beef and chicken meat. The abundance of bioactive compounds, e.g. PUFA, makes ratite meat highly susceptible to oxidation processes. Moreover, pH over 6 creates favourable environment for fast microbial growth during storage conditions affecting its shelf life. However, availability of information on ratite meat shelf life among consumers and industry is still limited. Thus, the aim of the present review is to provide current information about the effect of ratite meat packaging type, i.e. air packaging, vacuum packaging with skin pack, modified atmosphere packaging (MAP), on its shelf life quality during storage, including technological and nutritional properties.
Prevalence of C. botulinum and C. perfringens spores in food products available on Polish market
Authors: Grenda Tomasz , Grabczak Magdalena , Kwiatek Krzysztof , Bober Andrzej 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium perfringens in food samples purchased from Polish producers. Material and Methods: The analyses were performed on 260 food samples collected in Lublin and Subcarpathian regions: 56 of smoked meat, 21 of pork meat, 20 of dairy products, 26 of vegetable and fruit preserves, 40 of ready-to-eat meals, 27 of fish preserves, and 70 of honey collected directly from apiaries. Results: C. botulinum strains were isolated from 2.3% (6/260) of samples and the isolates were classified as toxin types A (4/260) and B (2/260). C. perfringens strains were isolated from 14% (37/260) of samples. All the isolates were classified as toxin type A, 28 of them were able also to produce α toxin and 9 - β2 toxin. Conclusion: On the basis of the obtained results it could be suggested that risk assessment, especially regarding the entire honey harvesting process, should be provided in order to ensure the microbiological safety of the products to be consumed by infants and people with a weakened immune system.