bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical and Biological Evaluation of <em>Justica adhatoda</em>
Authors: Aziz Shahid , Hussain Hidayat , Younis Anisa , Ur-Rehman Habib , Shahid Muhammad , Butt Arshad Farooq , Green Ivan R 
Published: August 2017

<p>Phytochemical and biological investigations were undertaken on ethanolic extracts of the leaves and root bark of <em>Justica adhatoda </em>L<em>.</em> Alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, tannins, steroids and saponins were detected in extracts from both parts of the title plant. Reducing sugars were not detected in either extract whereas flavonoids were detected in ethanolic extract of <em>J. adhatota </em>leaves only. Significant antibacterial and antifungal activities against <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and Aspergillus <em>niger</em> were demonstrated by both the leaf and root bark extracts. Additionally, both extracts displayed good antioxidant and heomolytic potential. Interestingly, eight metal ions were detected in both extracts in different concentrations.</p>
Identification of alkaloids in methanol extract from leaves of <em>Semenovia suffruticosa</em> when humic substances were added to its root soil in the primary growth
Authors: Sardashti Alireza , MS Mohammadi 
Published: August 2017

<p> <span style="font-size: medium;">Alkaloids are a group of natural compounds originally found in plants. <em>Suffruticosa</em> is a </span><span style="font-size: medium;">species</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> of the genus <em>Semenovia</em>, the <em>Apiaceous</em> family, a native herb in Iran. In this family, alkaloids are found rarely. Humic substances application to the root soil at the beginning of plant growth improves quality, productivity and physical properties of the soil. Accordingly</span>, <span style="font-size: medium;">humic substances were added separately to the root soil of the samples and other samples were selected as the blank plant sample in the distance of 50 cm. Methanol extracts were prepared from dried and powdered leaf samples. The crude alkaloid solution was extracted from methanol extract with 2 % sulfuric acid, dense ammonia and chloroform. The crude alkaloid solution was passed gradiently with mixture solvents of methanol and chloroform through a chromatography column. The output samples of the chromatography column were analyzed by FT-IR, UV-Vis, and TLC and GC-MS techniques. Pyrimido [1, 2-a] quinoxalinone and 1, 3,8-triisopropyl-6-methyl-2,7-naphthyridine alkaloids were identified in both samples and the extracted humic acid (0.513% and 0.979% </span>respectively)<span style="font-size: medium;"> and the Sapropel solution (0.449% and 0.678% </span>respectively<span style="font-size: medium;"> )were added to their plants soil. Also another alkaloid named 9-benzyloxypyrido [1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one(9.538%) was identified in the sample and Sapropel was sprayed onto its root soil. No alkaloid was found in the blank plant sample. The results showed that humic substances had considerable effects on the effective substances of the plant <em>Semenovia.suffruticosa</em>.</span></p><p><em><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></em></p>
In Vitro antioxidant activity of <em>Polygonum Glabrum </em>
Authors: Sundara rajan Raja , I Ramya 
Published: August 2017

<p>Assessment of antioxidant activity was imperative in the screening of medicinal plants for potential health benefits. In present study methanol extract of <em>Polygonum glabrum</em> <em> </em>(polygonaceae) was screened for its in vitro antioxidant activity using biologically relevant methodologies which scavenge radicals such as 1,1 diphenyl 2 picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl, superoxide anion and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS). Total reducing ability by conversion of ferric (III) to ferrous (II) and molybdenum (VI) to molybdenum (V), metal ion chelating capacity and anti lipid peroxidation activities were also examined. The antioxidant ability of <em>Polygonum glabrum</em> whole plant extract was found to be in a dose dependent manner. The IC<sub>50</sub> values for scavenging of DPPH<sup>●</sup> and ABTS<sup>●+</sup> free radicals were 13.18 μg/ml and 20.46 μg/ml. For scavenging of nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals, the IC<sub>50</sub> values were found to be 80.22 μg/ml, 33.06 μg/ml, 52.26μg/ml and 36.98 μg/ml respectively. Further, addition of 120μg/ml of plant extract to the reaction mixture produced 50% lipid peroxidation inhibition activity. Commercial antioxidants such as vitamin E, quercetin, butylated hydroxytoluene and ascorbic acid were used as reference compounds. The strong antioxidant activity of <em>Polygonum glabrum</em> may be credited to the presence of triterpenes [beta-hydroxyfriedalanol], phenols [3-hydroxy-5-methoxystilbene], flavonoids [pinocembrin and pinocembrin-5-methylether], steroids [sitosterol - (6-O-palmitoyl)- 3-O-β-D glucopyranoside and sitosterol-3-O-β-D glucopyranoside], sesqueterpenes [2,3-dihydroxy isodrimeninol] and pigments etc in methanol extract.</p>
Antioxidant and Antiulcer Potential on leaves of Brassica nigra L. against Gastric Ulcer
Authors: Tripathi Atul , Punekar Rakesh , Jain Vishal , Tyagi Chandra Kishore , Chandekar Amol , Vyas Amber 
Published: August 2017

<br /><table class="data" width="100%"><tbody><tr valign="top"><td class="value"><p>In the present study, anti-ulcerative effects of extract of Brassica nigra L. leaves were investigated in pylorus ligation and aspirin-induced gastric ulcer models in rats. In present study antiulcer effect of ethanolic extract of Brassica nigra leaves is well understood by total acidity, free acidity, and ulcer index of different groups of animals in both the model viz. Pylorus ligation model &amp; Aspirin induced gastric ulcer in experimental rats when compared the test group with control and standard group. The percentage of ulcer inhibition was observed in pylorus ligated model was as follows: standard, BNLE 100mg/kg, BNLE 200mg/kg and BNLE 300mg/kg 55.76%, 30.96%, 49.54% and 51.35% respectively. The mechanism of gastric ulcer healing is not well understood and further study is needed to evaluate the specific phytoconstituents responsible for the gastric ulcer healing but on the basis of present study it can be concluded that this gastric healing potential may be due to the pharmacological effect played by the different phytoconstituents present in the ethanolic extract of Brassica nigra leaves for prevention of gastric mucosa or by the antioxidant potential of the leaves which is evaluated during the DPPH free radical scavenging activity.</p></td></tr></tbody></table>
Preliminary screening of <em>Waltheria indica</em> (L.) plant for its anti-inflammatory activity
Authors: Chandekar Amol , Vyas Amber , Upamanyu Neeraj , Tripathi Atul , Agrawal Surendra 
Published: August 2017

<p dir="ltr"><span>The investigation on anti-inflammatory activity of the various extract of </span><span>Waltheria indica </span><span>L. </span><span>was reported to find out the pharmacological basis for its ethnomedical use. </span><span>The anti-inflammatory activity of the pet ether (PEW) and methanol (MEW) extracts of the leaves of </span><span>Waltheria indica </span><span>L. (</span><span>Malvaceae</span><span>)</span><span>were evaluated by using in vivo (Carrageenan &amp; histamine induced rat paw edema, cotton pellet granuloma test) models. It was observed that, all the extracts showed significant activity in the in-vivo model at the dose of 500 mg/kg b.w. orally, when compared with control and standard drugs. Of the two extracts tested, methanol extract MEW showed most significant activity well in comparison to the standard drug. Therefore, present study suggests, potential of leaves of </span><span>Waltheria indica </span><span>L. in both models of acute and chronic inflammation.</span></p><p dir="ltr"> </p>
GC/MS analysis, antimicrobial and Antioxidant Effect of Ethanol Garlic Extract
Authors: Park Na-Hye , Jang Hye-Ri , Lee Seung-Jin , Park Seung-Chun 
Published: August 2017

<p align="left"><strong>Aim of the study:</strong> The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of garlic extract as a feed additive to prevent and treat <em>Salmonella</em> infection.</p><p align="left"><strong>Methods:</strong> Garlic extracts were prepared from fresh crushed garlic and dissolved in different concentrations of ethanol. Garlic extract (<em>Allium sativum</em>) was analyzed by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). To examine biological activity, the antimicrobial activity test was carried out by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against <em>Salmonella </em>typhimurium. Antioxidant activity of garlic extracts was examined by ABTS radical scavenging assay</p><p align="left"><strong>Results and discussion</strong><strong>:</strong> In the GC-MS analysis, allyl trisulfide, 2-hydroxy-gamma-butyrolactone, 1, 3-dihydroxyacetne dimer, propanoic acid, 2-propone were confirmed as predominant components of garlic extract. the MIC was 10 mg/mL in all extracts. However, antioxidant effect was highest in 20 mg/mL of 100% ethanol garlic extract (82.1%). The amount of IC₅₀ (50% inhibitory concentration) was measured at 1.6 mg/mL. </p><p align="left"><strong>Conclusion:</strong> 75% ethanol garlic extract was the most efficient in considering the recovery rate, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities among the various extracts. Based on the above biological results, we could confirm this possibility as a feed additive for anti-salmonella infection.</p>
The multi-objective Spanish National Forest Inventory
Authors: Alberdi Iciar , Vallejo Roberto , Álvarez-González Juan G. , Condés Sonia , González-Ferreiro Eduardo , Guerrero Silvia , Hernández Laura , Martínez-Jauregui Maria , Montes Fernando , Oliveira Nerea , Pasalodos-Tato Maria , Robla Elena , Ruiz-González Ana D. , Sánchez-González Mariola , Sandoval Vicente , San Miguel Alfonso , Sixto Hortensia , Cañellas Isabel 
Published: August 2017

Aim of study: To present the evolution of the current multi-objective Spanish National Forest Inventory (SNFI) through the assessment of different key indicators on challenging areas of the forestry sector.Area of study: Using information from the Second, Third and Fourth SNFI, this work provides case studies in Navarra, La Rioja, Galicia and Balearic Island regions and at national Spanish scale.Material and methods: These case studies present an estimation of reference values for dead wood by forest types, diameter-age modeling for Populus alba and Populus nigra in riparian forest, the invasiveness of alien species and the invasibility of forest types, herbivore preferences and effects on trees and shrub species, the methodology for estimating cork production , and the combination of SNFI4 information and Airborne Laser Scanning datasets with the aim of updating forest-fire behavior assessment information with a high degree of accuracy.Main results: The results show the suitability and feasibility of the proposed methodologies to estimate the indicators using SNFI data with the exception of the estimation of cork production. In this case, additional field variables were suggested in order to obtain robust estimates.Research highlights: By broadening the variables recorded, the SNFI has become an even more important source of forest information for the development of support tools for decision-making and assessment in diverse strategic fields such as those analyzed in this study.
Estoque de biomassa e de nutrientes em um povoamento do híbrido <em>Eucalyptus urophylla</em> x <em>Eucalyptus grandis</em> no Bioma Pampa – RS
Authors: Carvalho Renata Reis de , Guimarães Claudiney Do Couto , Silva Júlio Cesar Medeiros da , Momolli Dione Richer 
Published: August 2017

O presente estudo teve como objetivo estimar o estoque de biomassa e de nutrientes em um povoamento do híbrido de Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis, aos 4,5 anos de idade, para isso, foram instaladas aleatoriamente quatro parcelas com dimensões de 21,0 m x 27,5 m. A partir da distribuição diamétrica do povoamento foram determinadas quatro classes de diâmetro e em cada classe foram amostradas três árvores (limite inferior, central e limite superior). Para estimar a biomassa das raízes a coleta foi realizada na área útil das árvores do limite central de cada classe. Após a amostragem e a identificação de cada componente da biomassa, estas foram encaminhadas para o laboratório, onde foram secas, pesadas, moídas e analisadas quimicamente. Os resultados encontrados a partir das análises foram: para a estimativa de biomassa total: 75 Mg ha-1, com a seguinte proporção: madeira (61,2%), raiz (15,4%), galhos (10,2%), casca (7,7%) e folhas (5,5%). Salienta-se que a biomassa se encontra predominantemente alocada no fuste (68,9%). Cabe ressaltar que, em média, o acúmulo de nutrientes foi maior na madeira, seguido pelas folhas, raízes, galhos e cascas, apresentando a seguinte magnitude: Ca > K > N > Mg > S > P, com a maior quantidade de Ca alocada no fuste. A partir disso, entende-se que o estoque de nutrientes na biomassa foi elevado em relação ao solo de baixa fertilidade natural.
Upper ocean cooling and air‐sea fluxes under typhoons: A case study
Authors: Potter Henry , Drennan William M. , Graber Hans C. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDirect observations of ocean temperatures and air‐sea energy exchange underneath three typhoons and a tropical storm encountered in the Philippine Sea during the 2010 Pacific typhoon season are examined. Data are reported from two buoys 180 km apart with ocean temperatures recorded to 150 m and wind speeds up to 26 m s−1. A detailed examination of the cold wakes is used to determine the mechanisms though which the ocean cools. The result show that net cooling varied between storms by two orders of magnitude, accounting for between 9 and 1000 MJ m−2 of heat loss, and were a result of entrainment, advection, and surface fluxes. In some cases a marked temperature increase below the mixed layer occurred due to entrainment of warm water across the thermocline. Mixed layer temperature decreases ranged from 0.35 to 1.6°C and found to be well predicted by typhoon translation speed and wind speed. Of the mixed layer heat loss, 12–47% was attributed to enthalpy fluxes, the upper range of which is much greater than previous reports. Results are discussed in terms of their relevance to tropical cyclone and climate modeling.
Sources and compositional distribution of organic carbon in surface sediments from the lower Pearl River to the coastal South China Sea
Authors: Li Xinxin , Zhang Zhaoru , Wade Terry L. , Knap Anthony H. , Zhang Chuanlun L. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe Pearl River plays an important role in transporting terrestrial organic carbon (OC) to the South China Sea (SCS). However, the sources and compositional distribution of OC in the system are poorly understood. This study focused on delineating the sources and determining the fate of surface sedimentary OC from the Feilaixia Hydropower Station to the coastal SCS. Elemental, stable carbon/nitrogen isotope (δ13C and δ15N), and lignin‐phenol analyses have been conducted. The total OC (TOC) from the upstream sites were generally derived from vascular plants (higher C/N and and depleted δ13C) and soils. Additional input was attributed to riverine primary production (lower C/N and enriched δ13C), which was enhanced near the dam‐created reservoir. The C/N and δ13C values were not significantly different among sites in the midstream. The estuary/coastal sites witnessed hydrodynamically sorted riverine OC, which was diluted by marine primary production (lower C/N and more enriched δ13C). The lignin concentration was the highest in the upstream sites, remained relatively unchanged in the midstream sites, and decreased significantly along the estuary/coastal sites, which was corroborated by variation in TOC. A comprehensive five‐end‐member Monte Carlo simulation suggested that previous studies had underestimated the C4 plant input by 14 ± 11% and overestimated the riverbank soil input by 21 ± 17%. Thus, our study provided valuable information for more accurate source and mass balance studies of terrestrial OC transported to the SCS, which helped to further understand the carbon cycling in the large river‐ocean continuum.
Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Grading of Subglottic Stenosis in Patients With Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis: Correlation With Pulmonary Function Tests and Laryngoscopy
Authors: Henes Frank O. , Laudien Martin , Linsenhoff Laura , Bremer Jan P. , Oqueka Tim , Adam Gerhard , Schön Gerhard , Bannas Peter 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveTo compare magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–based and laryngoscopy‐based subglottic stenosis (SGS) grading with pulmonary function testing (PFT) in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA).MethodsIn this retrospective study, we included 118 examinations of 44 patients with GPA and suspected SGS. All patients underwent MRI, laryngoscopy, and PFT. Stenosis was graded on a 4‐point scale by endoscopy and MRI using the Meyer‐Cotton (MC) score (score 1: ≤50%, 2: 51–70%, 3: 71–99%, and 4: 100%) and as percentage by MRI. Results were compared with peak expiratory flow (PEF) and maximum inspiratory flow (MIF) from PFT, serving as objective functional reference.ResultsIn MRI, 112 of 118 examinations (95%) were rated positive for SGS (grade 1 [n = 82], grade 2 [n = 26], and grade 3 [n = 4]), whereas in laryngoscopy 105 of 118 examinations (89%) were rated positive for SGS (grade 1 [n = 73], grade 2 [n = 24], and grade 3 [n = 8]). MRI and laryngoscopy agreed in 75 of 118 examinations (64%). MRI determined higher scores in 20 examinations (17%) and lower scores in 23 examinations (19%) compared to laryngoscopy. MC scores as determined by both MRI and laryngoscopy showed comparable correlations with PEF (r = −0.363, P = 0.016, and r = −0.376, P = 0.012, respectively) and MIF (r = −0.340, P = 0.024, and r = −0.320, P = 0.034, respectively). The highest correlation was found between MRI‐based stenosis grading in percentage with PEF (r = −0.441, P = 0.003) and MIF (r = −0.413, P = 0.005).ConclusionMRI and laryngoscopy provide comparable results for grading of SGS in GPA and correlate well with PFT. MRI is an attractive noninvasive and radiation‐free alternative for monitoring the severity of SGS in patients with GPA.
Impact of Comorbidities on Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor Therapy in Psoriatic Arthritis: A Population‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: Ballegaard Christine , Højgaard Pil , Dreyer Lene , Cordtz René , Jørgensen Tanja Schjødt , Skougaard Marie , Tarp Simon , Kristensen Lars Erik 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveThe objective of this population‐based cohort study was to investigate the impact of comorbidities on disease activity, treatment response, and persistence with the first‐tried tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA).MethodsData on patient characteristics, disease activity, and treatment response and persistence were obtained from the DANBIO registry. Information on comorbidities according to the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was obtained through linkage with the Danish National Patient Register. Kaplan‐Meier plots and Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were performed. Percentages of patients achieving relevant clinical responses were calculated.ResultsWe identified 1,750 patients eligible for analyses. Patients with higher CCI scores had higher disease activity measures at baseline and increased occurrence of depression and/or anxiety. Kaplan‐Meier curves showed shorter persistence with treatment for patients with a CCI score ≥2 (log‐rank P < 0.001) and for patients with depression and/or anxiety (P = 0.027) compared to patients without comorbidities. In multivariate analysis, a CCI score ≥2 was associated with reduced TNFi persistence compared with patients without comorbidities (hazard ratio 1.72 [95% confidence interval 1.26–2.37]; P = 0.001). A smaller proportion of patients with a CCI score ≥2 achieved European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) good response (P < 0.001) and EULAR good‐or‐moderate response (P < 0.001) at 6 months compared with patients without comorbidities.ConclusionThe presence of comorbidities was associated with higher baseline disease activity, shorter TNFi persistence, and reduced clinical response rates in a cohort of Danish patients with PsA.
High Performance Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Rechargeable Batteries: A Self‐Catalyzed Strategy toward Facile Synthesis
Authors: Cui Yanyan , Liang Xinmiao , Chai Jingchao , Cui Zili , Wang Qinglei , He Weisheng , Liu Xiaochen , Liu Zhihong , Cui Guanglei , Feng Jiwen 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIt is urgent to seek high performance solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) via a facile chemistry and simple process. The lithium salts are composed of complex anions that are stabilized by a Lewis acid agent. This Lewis acid can initiate the ring opening polymerization. Herein, a self‐catalyzed strategy toward facile synthesis of crosslinked poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether‐based solid polymer electrolyte (C‐PEGDE) is presented. It is manifested that the poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether‐based solid polymer electrolyte possesses a superior electrochemical stability window up to 4.5 V versus Li/Li+ and considerable ionic conductivity of 8.9 × 10−5 S cm−1 at ambient temperature. Moreover, the LiFePO4/C‐PEGDE/Li batteries deliver stable charge/discharge profiles and considerable rate capability. It is demonstrated that this self‐catalyzed strategy can be a very effective approach for high performance solid polymer electrolytes.
Organic‐Free Synthesis of a Highly Siliceous Faujasite Zeolite with Spatially Biased Q4(nAl) Si Speciation
Authors: Oleksiak Matthew D. , Muraoka Koki , Hsieh Ming‐Feng , Conato Marlon T. , Shimojima Atsushi , Okubo Tatsuya , Chaikittisilp Watcharop , Rimer Jeffrey D. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe report the most siliceous FAU‐type zeolite, HOU‐3, prepared via a one‐step organic‐free synthesis route. Computational studies indicate that it is thermodynamically feasible to synthesize FAU with SAR=2–7, though kinetic factors seemingly impose a more restricted upper limit for HOU‐3 (SAR≈3). Our findings suggest that a slow rate of crystallization and/or low concentration of Na+ ions in HOU‐3 growth mixtures facilitate Si incorporation into the framework. Interestingly, Q4(nAl) Si speciation measured by solid‐state NMR can only be modeled with a few combinations of Al positioning at tetrahedral sites in the crystal unit cell, indicating the distribution of Si(‐O‐Si)4−n(‐O‐Al)n species is spatially biased as opposed to being random. Achieving higher SAR is desirable for improved zeolite (hydro)thermal stability and enhanced catalytic performance, which we demonstrate in benchmark tests that show HOU‐3 is superior to commercial zeolite Y.
Organic Nanocrystals with Bright Red Persistent Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence for Biological Applications
Authors: Fateminia S. M. Ali , Mao Zhu , Xu Shidang , Yang Zhiyong , Chi Zhenguo , Liu Bin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPersistent room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) in pure organic materials has attracted great attention because of their unique optical properties. The design of organic materials with bright red persistent RTP remains challenging. Herein, we report a new design strategy for realizing high brightness and long lifetime of red‐emissive RTP molecules, which is based on introducing an alkoxy spacer between the hybrid units in the molecule. The spacer offers easy Br−H bond formation during crystallization, which also facilitates intermolecular electron coupling to favor persistent RTP. As the majority of RTP compounds have to be confined in a rigid environment to quench nonradiative relaxation pathways for bright phosphorescence emission, nanocrystallization is used to not only rigidify the molecules but also offer the desirable size and water‐dispersity for biomedical applications.