bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contextuality without nonlocality in a superconducting quantum system
Authors: Jerger Markus , Reshitnyk Yarema , Oppliger Markus , Potočnik Anton , Mondal Mintu , Wallraff Andreas , Goodenough Kenneth , Wehner Stephanie , Juliusson Kristinn , Langford Nathan K. , Fedorov Arkady 
Published: October 2016

AbstractClassical realism demands that system properties exist independently of whether they are measured, while noncontextuality demands that the results of measurements do not depend on what other measurements are performed in conjunction with them. The Bell–Kochen–Specker theorem states that noncontextual realism cannot reproduce the measurement statistics of a single three-level quantum system (qutrit). Noncontextual realistic models may thus be tested using a single qutrit without relying on the notion of quantum entanglement in contrast to Bell inequality tests. It is challenging to refute such models experimentally, since imperfections may introduce loopholes that enable a realist interpretation. Here we use a superconducting qutrit with deterministic, binary-outcome readouts to violate a noncontextuality inequality while addressing the detection, individual-existence and compatibility loopholes. This evidence of state-dependent contextuality also demonstrates the fitness of superconducting quantum circuits for fault-tolerant quantum computation in surface-code architectures, currently the most promising route to scalable quantum computing.
Fhf2 gene deletion causes temperature-sensitive cardiac conduction failure
Authors: Park David S. , Shekhar Akshay , Marra Christopher , Lin Xianming , Vasquez Carolina , Solinas Sergio , Kelley Kevin , Morley Gregory , Goldfarb Mitchell , Fishman Glenn I. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractFever is a highly conserved systemic response to infection dating back over 600 million years. Although conferring a survival benefit, fever can negatively impact the function of excitable tissues, such as the heart, producing cardiac arrhythmias. Here we show that mice lacking fibroblast growth factor homologous factor 2 (FHF2) have normal cardiac rhythm at baseline, but increasing core body temperature by as little as 3 °C causes coved-type ST elevations and progressive conduction failure that is fully reversible upon return to normothermia. FHF2-deficient cardiomyocytes generate action potentials upon current injection at 25 °C but are unexcitable at 40 °C. The absence of FHF2 accelerates the rate of closed-state and open-state sodium channel inactivation, which synergizes with temperature-dependent enhancement of inactivation rate to severely suppress cardiac sodium currents at elevated temperatures. Our experimental and computational results identify an essential role for FHF2 in dictating myocardial excitability and conduction that safeguards against temperature-sensitive conduction failure.
Massive yet grossly underestimated global costs of invasive insects
Authors: Bradshaw Corey J. A. , Leroy Boris , Bellard Céline , Roiz David , Albert Céline , Fournier Alice , Barbet-Massin Morgane , Salles Jean-Michel , Simard Frédéric , Courchamp Franck 
Published: October 2016

AbstractInsects have presented human society with some of its greatest development challenges by spreading diseases, consuming crops and damaging infrastructure. Despite the massive human and financial toll of invasive insects, cost estimates of their impacts remain sporadic, spatially incomplete and of questionable quality. Here we compile a comprehensive database of economic costs of invasive insects. Taking all reported goods and service estimates, invasive insects cost a minimum of US$70.0 billion per year globally, while associated health costs exceed US$6.9 billion per year. Total costs rise as the number of estimate increases, although many of the worst costs have already been estimated (especially those related to human health). A lack of dedicated studies, especially for reproducible goods and service estimates, implies gross underestimation of global costs. Global warming as a consequence of climate change, rising human population densities and intensifying international trade will allow these costly insects to spread into new areas, but substantial savings could be achieved by increasing surveillance, containment and public awareness.
Structural insights into the assembly and regulation of distinct viral capsid complexes
Authors: Sarker Subir , Terrón María C. , Khandokar Yogesh , Aragão David , Hardy Joshua M. , Radjainia Mazdak , Jiménez-Zaragoza Manuel , de Pablo Pedro J. , Coulibaly Fasséli , Luque Daniel , Raidal Shane R. , Forwood Jade K. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe assembly and regulation of viral capsid proteins into highly ordered macromolecular complexes is essential for viral replication. Here, we utilize crystal structures of the capsid protein from the smallest and simplest known viruses capable of autonomously replicating in animal cells, circoviruses, to establish structural and mechanistic insights into capsid morphogenesis and regulation. The beak and feather disease virus, like many circoviruses, encode only two genes: a capsid protein and a replication initiation protein. The capsid protein forms distinct macromolecular assemblies during replication and here we elucidate these structures at high resolution, showing that these complexes reverse the exposure of the N-terminal arginine rich domain responsible for DNA binding and nuclear localization. We show that assembly of these complexes is regulated by single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), and provide a structural basis of capsid assembly around single-stranded DNA, highlighting novel binding interfaces distinct from the highly positively charged N-terminal ARM domain.
Anti-tubulin drugs conjugated to anti-ErbB antibodies selectively radiosensitize
Authors: Adams Stephen R. , Yang Howard C. , Savariar Elamprakash N. , Aguilera Joe , Crisp Jessica L. , Jones Karra A. , Whitney Michael A. , Lippman Scott M. , Cohen Ezra E. W. , Tsien Roger Y. , Advani Sunil J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTumour resistance to radiotherapy remains a barrier to improving cancer patient outcomes. To overcome radioresistance, certain drugs have been found to sensitize cells to ionizing radiation (IR). In theory, more potent radiosensitizing drugs should increase tumour kill and improve patient outcomes. In practice, clinical utility of potent radiosensitizing drugs is curtailed by off-target side effects. Here we report potent anti-tubulin drugs conjugated to anti-ErbB antibodies selectively radiosensitize to tumours based on surface receptor expression. While two classes of potent anti-tubulins, auristatins and maytansinoids, indiscriminately radiosensitize tumour cells, conjugating these potent anti-tubulins to anti-ErbB antibodies restrict their radiosensitizing capacity. Of translational significance, we report that a clinically used maytansinoid ADC, ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1), with IR prolongs tumour control in target expressing HER2+ tumours but not target negative tumours. In contrast to ErbB signal inhibition, our findings establish an alternative therapeutic paradigm for ErbB-based radiosensitization using antibodies to restrict radiosensitizer delivery.
Enantioselective desymmetrization of cyclohexadienones via an intramolecular Rauhut–Currier reaction of allenoates
Authors: Yao Weijun , Dou Xiaowei , Wen Shan , Wu Ji’en , Vittal Jagadese J. , Lu Yixin 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe Rauhut–Currier (RC) reaction represents an efficient method for the construction of carbon–carbon bond in organic synthesis. However, the RC reactions involving allenoate substrates are very rare, and in particular, asymmetric intramolecular RC reaction of allenoates is yet to be discovered. Here, we show that the intramolecular RC reaction proceeds smoothly in the presence of 1 mol% β-ICD, and bicyclic lactones are obtained in high yields and with excellent enantiomeric excesses. With the employment of γ-substituted allenoates as racemic precursors, a novel dynamic kinetic resolution of allenes via RC reaction is observed, which allows for facile synthesis of highly enantiomerically enriched allenes.
Measuring cell surface area and deformability of individual human red blood cells over blood storage using quantitative phase imaging
Authors: Park HyunJoo , Lee SangYun , Ji Misuk , Kim Kyoohyun , Son YongHak , Jang Seongsoo , Park YongKeun 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe functionality and viability of stored human red blood cells (RBCs) is an important clinical issue in transfusions. To systematically investigate changes in stored whole blood, the hematological properties of individual RBCs were quantified in blood samples stored for various periods with and without a preservation solution called citrate phosphate dextrose adenine-1 (CPDA-1). With 3-D quantitative phase imaging techniques, the optical measurements for 3-D refractive index (RI) distributions and membrane fluctuations were done at the individual cell level. From the optical measurements, the morphological (volume, surface area and sphericity), biochemical (hemoglobin content and concentration), and mechanical parameters (dynamic membrane fluctuation) were simultaneously quantified to investigate the functionalities and progressive alterations of stored RBCs. Our results show that stored RBCs without CPDA-1 had a dramatic morphological transformation from discocytes to spherocytes within two weeks which was accompanied by significant decreases in cell deformability and cell surface area, and increases in sphericity. However, the stored RBCs with CPDA-1 maintained their morphology and deformability for up to 6 weeks.
Nuclear DNA content in Miscanthus sp. and the geographical variation pattern in Miscanthus lutarioriparius
Authors: Sheng Jiajing , Hu Xiaohu , Zeng Xiaofei , Li Ye , Zhou Fasong , Hu Zhongli , Jin Surong , Diao Ying 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe genome sizes of fiveMiscanthusspecies, including 79 accessions ofM. lutarioriparius, 8 ofM. floridulus, 6 ofM. sacchariflorus, 7 ofM. sinensis, and 4 ofM.×giganteuswere examined using flow cytometry. The overall average nuclear DNA content were 4.256 ± 0.6 pg/2C inM. lutarioriparius, 5.175 ± 0.3 pg/2C inM. floridulus, 3.956 ± 0.2 pg/2C inM. sacchariflorus, 5.272 ± 0.2 pg/2C inM. sinensis, and 6.932 ± 0.1 pg/2C inM.×giganteus. Interspecific variation was found at the diploid level, suggesting that DNA content might be a parameter that can be used to differentiate the species. Tetraploid populations were found inM. lutarioriparius, M. sacchariflorus, andM. sinensis, and their DNA content were 8.34 ± 1.2, 8.52, and 8.355 pg, respectively. The association between the DNA content ofM. lutarioriparius, collected from representative ranges across the Yangtze River, and its geographic distribution was statistically analyzed. A consistent pattern of DNA content variation in 79M. lutarioripariusaccessions across its entire geographic range was found in this study. Along the Yangtze River, the DNA content ofM. lutarioripariustended to increase from the upstream to the downstream areas, and almost all tetraploids gathered in the upstream area extended to coastal regions.
In-vivo Imaging of Magnetic Fields Induced by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in Human Brain using MRI
Authors: Jog Mayank V. , Smith Robert X. , Jann Kay , Dunn Walter , Lafon Belen , Truong Dennis , Wu Allan , Parra Lucas , Bikson Marom , Wang Danny J. J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is an emerging non-invasive neuromodulation technique that applies mA currents at the scalp to modulate cortical excitability. Here, we present a novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique, which detects magnetic fields induced by tDCS currents. This technique is based on Ampere’s law and exploits the linear relationship between direct current and induced magnetic fields. Following validation on a phantom with a known path of electric current and induced magnetic field, the proposed MRI technique was applied to a human limb (to demonstrate in-vivo feasibility using simple biological tissue) and human heads (to demonstrate feasibility in standard tDCS applications). The results show that the proposed technique detects tDCS induced magnetic fields as small as a nanotesla at millimeter spatial resolution. Through measurements of magnetic fields linearly proportional to the applied tDCS current, our approach opens a new avenue for direct in-vivo visualization of tDCS target engagement.
Sex pheromone recognition and characterization of three pheromone-binding proteins in the legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Authors: Mao Aping , Zhou Jing , Bin Mao  , Zheng Ya , Wang Yufeng , Li Daiqin , Wang Pan , Liu Kaiyu , Wang Xiaoping , Ai Hui 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPheromone-binding proteins (PBPs) are essential for the filtering, binding and transporting of sex pheromones across sensillum lymph to membrane-associated pheromone receptors of moths. In this study, three novel PBP genes were expressed in Escherichia coli to examine their involvement in the sex pheromone perception of Maruca vitrata. Fluorescence binding experiments indicated that MvitPBP1-3 had strong binding affinities with four sex pheromones. Moreover, molecular docking results demonstrated that six amino acid residues of three MvitPBPs were involved in the binding of the sex pheromones. These results suggested that MvitPBP1-3 might play critical roles in the perception of female sex pheromones. Additionally, the binding capacity of MvitPBP3 with the host-plant floral volatiles was high and was similar to that of MvitGOBP2. Furthermore, sequence alignment and docking analysis showed that both MvitGOBP2 and MvitPBP3 possessed an identical key binding site (arginine, R130/R140) and a similar protein pocket structure around the binding cavity. Therefore, we hypothesized that MvitPBP3 and MvitGOBP2 might have synergistic roles in binding different volatile ligands. In combination, the use of synthetic sex pheromones and floral volatiles from host-plant may be used in the exploration for more efficient monitoring and integrated management strategies for the legume pod borer in the field.
First Direct Evidence of Long-distance Seasonal Movements and Hibernation in a Migratory Bat
Authors: Weller Theodore J. , Castle Kevin T. , Liechti Felix , Hein Cris D. , Schirmacher Michael R. , Cryan Paul M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractUnderstanding of migration in small bats has been constrained by limitations of techniques that were labor-intensive, provided coarse levels of resolution, or were limited to population-level inferences. Knowledge of movements and behaviors of individual bats have been unknowable because of limitations in size of tracking devices and methods to attach them for long periods. We used sutures to attach miniature global positioning system (GPS) tags and data loggers that recorded light levels, activity, and temperature to male hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus). Results from recovered GPS tags illustrated profound differences among movement patterns by individuals, including one that completed a >1000 km round-trip journey during October 2014. Data loggers allowed us to record sub-hourly patterns of activity and torpor use, in one case over a period of 224 days that spanned an entire winter. In this latter bat, we documented 5 torpor bouts that lasted ≥16 days and a flightless period that lasted 40 nights. These first uses of miniature tags on small bats allowed us to discover that male hoary bats can make multi-directional movements during the migratory season and sometimes hibernate for an entire winter.
Co-acclimation of bacterial communities under stresses of hydrocarbons with different structures
Authors: Wang Hui , Wang Bin , Dong Wenwen , Hu Xiaoke 
Published: October 2016

AbstractCrude oil is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons with different structures; its components vary in bioavailability and toxicity. It is important to understand how bacterial communities response to different hydrocarbons and their co-acclimation in the process of degradation. In this study, microcosms with the addition of structurally different hydrocarbons were setup to investigate the successions of bacterial communities and the interactions between different bacterial taxa. Hydrocarbons were effectively degraded in all microcosms after 40 days. High-throughput sequencing offered a great quantity of data for analyzing successions of bacterial communities. The results indicated that the bacterial communities responded dramatically different to various hydrocarbons. KEGG database and PICRUSt were applied to predict functions of individual bacterial taxa and networks were constructed to analyze co-acclimations between functional bacterial groups. Almost all functional genes catalyzing degradation of different hydrocarbons were predicted in bacterial communities. Most of bacterial taxa were believed to conduct biodegradation processes via interactions with each other. This study addressed a few investigated area of bacterial community responses to structurally different organic pollutants and their co-acclimation and interactions in the process of biodegradation. The study could provide useful information to guide the bioremediation of crude oil pollution.
Identification of drought-responsive microRNAs and their targets in Ammopiptanthus mongolicus by using high-throughput sequencing
Authors: Gao Fei , Wang Ning , Li Huayun , Liu Jisheng , Fu Chenxi , Xiao Zihua , Wei Chunxiang , Lu Xiaoduo , Feng Jinchao , Zhou Yijun 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate target gene expression to modulate plant growth, development, and biotic and abiotic stress response at the post-transcriptional level. Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, an ecologically important desert plant, is increasingly used as a model for studying stress tolerance in plants. The miRNA-mediated gene regulatory network might remarkably contribute to the high stress tolerance of A. mongolicus. However, a genome-wide identification of miRNAs and their targets is still lacking in A. mongolicus. In this study, 170 conserved and 156 non-conserved miRNAs were identified in A. mongolicus. We experimentally identified 298 miRNA-target pairs from the degradome data. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses identified 28 drought-responsive miRNAs in leaves and 15 in roots. Some characteristics of the miRNA-mediated regulatory network were found in A. mongolicus. Multiple miRNAs, including 2 newly identified non-conserved miRNAs, miR-P11 and miR-P14, generated from the precursors of miR169, were found to be involved in drought stress response. Further, miR2118 and miR858 participated in drought stress response by up-regulating OZF1 gene and certain MYB genes that were involved in the regulation of flavonol biosynthesis in A. mongolicus. The findings of this study might provide new insights for understanding the functions of miRNA in stress response in plants.
Aldo-keto reductase 1C1 induced by interleukin-1β mediates the invasive potential and drug resistance of metastatic bladder cancer cells
Authors: Matsumoto Ryuji , Tsuda Masumi , Yoshida Kazuhiko , Tanino Mishie , Kimura Taichi , Nishihara Hiroshi , Abe Takashige , Shinohara Nobuo , Nonomura Katsuya , Tanaka Shinya 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn treating bladder cancer, determining the molecular mechanisms of tumor invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance are urgent to improving long-term patient survival. One of the metabolic enzymes, aldo-keto reductase 1C1 (AKR1C1), plays an essential role in cancer invasion/metastasis and chemoresistance. In orthotopic xenograft models of a human bladder cancer cell line, UM-UC-3, metastatic sublines were established from tumors in the liver, lung, and bone. These cells possessed elevated levels of EMT-associated markers, such as Snail, Slug, or CD44, and exhibited enhanced invasion. By microarray analysis, AKR1C1 was found to be up-regulated in metastatic lesions, which was verified in metastatic human bladder cancer specimens. Decreased invasion caused by AKR1C1 knockdown suggests a novel role of AKR1C1 in cancer invasion, which is probably due to the regulation of Rac1, Src, or Akt. An inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1β, was found to increase AKR1C1 in bladder cancer cell lines. One particular non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, flufenamic acid, antagonized AKR1C1 and decreased the cisplatin-resistance and invasion potential of metastatic sublines. These data uncover the crucial role of AKR1C1 in regulating both metastasis and drug resistance; as a result, AKR1C1 should be a potent molecular target in invasive bladder cancer treatment.
Hydrogen-bonding Interactions between Apigenin and Ethanol/Water: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Zheng Yan-Zhen , Zhou Yu , Liang Qin , Chen Da-Fu , Guo Rui , Lai Rong-Cai 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn this work, hydrogen-bonding interactions between apigenin and water/ethanol were investigated from a theoretical perspective using quantum chemical calculations. Two conformations of apigenin molecule were considered in this work. The following results were found. (1) For apigenin monomer, the molecular structure is non-planar, and all of the hydrogen and oxygen atoms can be hydrogen-bonding sites. (2) Eight and seven optimized geometries are obtained for apigenin (I)–H2O/CH3CH2OH and apigenin (II)–H2O/CH3CH2OH complexes, respectively. In apigenin, excluding the aromatic hydrogen atoms in the phenyl substituent, all other hydrogen atoms and the oxygen atoms form hydrogen-bonds with H2O and CH3CH2OH. (3) In apigenin–H2O/CH3CH2OH complexes, the electron density and the E(2) in the related localized anti-bonding orbital are increased upon hydrogen-bond formation. These are the cause of the elongation and red-shift of the X−H bond. The sum of the charge change transfers from the hydrogen-bond acceptor to donor. The stronger interaction makes the charge change more intense than in the less stable structures. (4) Most of the hydrogen-bonds in the complexes are electrostatic in nature. However, the C4−O5···H, C9−O4···H and C13−O2···H hydrogen-bonds have some degree of covalent character. Furthermore, the hydroxyl groups of the apigenin molecule are the preferred hydrogen-bonding sites.
Structural studies of the N-terminal fragments of the WW domain: Insights into co-translational folding of a beta-sheet protein
Authors: Hanazono Yuya , Takeda Kazuki , Miki Kunio 
Published: October 2016

AbstractNascent proteins fold co-translationally because the folding speed and folding pathways are limited by the rate of ribosome biosynthesis in the living cell. In addition, though full-length proteins can fold all their residues during the folding process, nascent proteins initially fold only with the N-terminal residues. However, the transient structure and the co-translational folding pathway are not well understood. Here we report the atomic structures of a series of N-terminal fragments of the WW domain with increasing amino acid length. Unexpectedly, the structures indicate that the intermediate-length fragments take helical conformations even though the full-length protein has no helical regions. The circular dichroism spectra and theoretical calculations also support the crystallographic results. This suggests that the short-range interactions are more decisive in the structure formation than the long-range interactions for short nascent proteins. In the course of the peptide extension, the helical structure change to the structure mediated by the long-range interactions at a particular polypeptide length. Our results will provide unique information for elucidating the nature of co-translational folding.