bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Athletic Trainer Services in Public and Private Secondary Schools
Authors: Pike Alicia M. , Pryor Riana R. , Vandermark Lesley W. , Mazerolle Stephanie M. , Casa Douglas J. 
Published: February 2017

Context: The presence of athletic trainers (ATs) in secondary schools to provide medical care is crucial, especially with the rise in sports participation and resulting high volume of injuries. Previous authors have investigated the level of AT services offered, but the differences in medical care offered between the public and private sectors have not been explored.
Objective: To compare the level of AT services in public and private secondary schools.
Design: Concurrent mixed-methods study.
Setting: Public and private secondary schools in the United States.
Patients or Other Participants: A total of 10 553 secondary schools responded to the survey (8509 public, 2044 private).
Main Outcome Measure(s): School administrators responded to the survey via telephone or e-mail. Descriptive statistics depict national data. Open-ended questions were evaluated through content analysis.
Results: A greater percentage of public secondary schools than private secondary schools hired ATs. Public secondary schools provided a higher percentage of full-time, part-time, and clinic AT services than private secondary schools. Only per diem AT services were more frequent in the private sector. Regardless of the extent of services, reasons for not employing an AT were similar between sectors. Common barriers were budget, school size, and lack of awareness of the role of an AT. Unique to the public sector, remote location was identified as a challenge faced by some administrators.
Conclusions: Both public and private secondary schools lacked ATs, but higher percentages of total AT services and full-time services were available in the public sector. Despite differences in AT services, both settings provided a similar number of student-athletes with access to medical care. Barriers to hiring ATs were comparable between public and private secondary schools; however, remote location was a unique challenge for the public sector.
Strategy and Misdirection in Forced Choice Memory Performance Testing in Deception Detection
Authors: Orthey Robin , Vrij Aldert , Leal Sharon , Blank Hartmut 
Published: February 2017

SummaryWe examined forced choice memory performance testing in deception detection from a theoretical perspective. Evidence suggests that participants form different strategies to defeat this test. We attempted to describe these strategies within the framework of Cognitive Hierarchy Theory, a theory that distinguishes strategies based on their degree of anticipation of opponents' strategies. Additionally, we explored whether the strategy selection process is malleable. Truth tellers and liars were subjected to a forced choice memory test about a mock crime. Additionally, half of the sample was subjected to a misdirection changing the appearance of the test to that of a polygraph examination. We found detection accuracies and strategies similar to previous experiments and our misdirection manipulation elicited new strategies and behaviour. Theoretical and practical applications are discussed.Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Poly(ether sulfone) supported hybrid poly(vinyl alcohol)–maleic acid–silicone dioxide membranes for the pervaporation separation of ethanol–water mixtures
Authors: Wu Yuping , Xie Zongli , Ng Derrick , Shen Shirley , Zhou Zhonghua 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTMicroporous poly(ether sulfone) (PES) supported hybrid polymer–inorganic membranes were prepared by the crosslinking of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), maleic acid (MA), and SiO2 via an aqueous sol–gel route and a solution‐casting method. The membrane performance was tested for the pervaporation separation of ethanol–water mixtures from 20 to 60 °C with a feed ethanol concentration of 96 wt %. The membrane characterization results reveal that different SiO2 loadings affected the crystallinity and roughness of the membranes. The PVA–MA–SiO2 membrane containing 10 wt % SiO2 showed that SiO2 nanoparticles were well dispersed within the polymer matrix; this resulted in significant enhancements in both the flux and selectivity. The membrane achieved a high water permeability of 1202 g·μm·m−2 h−1 kPa−1 and a selectivity of 1027 for the separation of a 96 wt % ethanol‐containing aqueous solution. This enhanced membrane performance might have been due to the dense crosslinking membrane network, increased free volume, and uniform distribution of SiO2 nanoparticles. Both the water and ethanol fluxes increased with the feed water concentration and temperature. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44839.
Total Synthesis and Structural Revision of Clavilactone D
Authors: Takao Ken‐ichi , Nemoto Ryuichi , Mori Kento , Namba Ayumi , Yoshida Keisuke , Ogura Akihiro 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA structural revision of clavilactone D, a potent inhibitor of protein tyrosine kinases, was achieved by total syntheses of two newly proposed structures. The syntheses relied on ring‐opening/ring‐closing metathesis, which transformed a cyclobutenecarboxylate into a γ‐butenolide. The syntheses confirmed that the correct structure of clavilactone D has an amino group at C‐3 instead of a hydroxy group at C‐2 in the originally proposed structure.
Tympanomastoid cholesterol granulomas: Immunohistochemical evaluation of angiogenesis
Authors: Iannella Giannicola , Di Gioia Cira , Carletti Raffaella , Magliulo Giuseppe 
Published: February 2017

Objectives/HypothesisThis study investigates the immunohistochemical expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and CD34 in patients treated for middle ear and mastoid cholesterol granulomas to evaluate the angiogenesis and vascularization of this type of lesion. A correlation between the immunohistochemical data and the radiological and intraoperative evidence of temporal bone marrow invasion and blood source connection was performed to validate this hypothesis.Study DesignRetrospective study.MethodsImmunohistochemical expression of VEGF and CD34 in a group of 16 patients surgically treated for cholesterol granuloma was examined. Middle ear cholesteatomas with normal middle ear mucosa and external auditory canal skin were used as the control groups. The radiological and intraoperative features of cholesterol granulomas were also examined.ResultsIn endothelial cells, there was an increased expression of angiogenetic growth factor receptors in all the cholesterol granulomas in this study. The quantitative analysis of VEGF showed a mean value of 37.5, whereas the CD34 quantitative analysis gave a mean value of 6.8. Seven patients presented radiological or intraoperative evidence of bone marrow invasion, hematopoietic potentialities, or blood source connections that might support the bleeding theory. In all of these cases there was computed tomography or intraoperative evidence of bone erosion of the middle ear and/or temporal bone structures. The mean values of VEGF and CD34 were 41.1 and 7.7, respectively.ConclusionsHigh values of VEGF and CD34 are present in patients with cholesterol granulomas. Upregulation of VEGF and CD34 is indicative of a remarkable angiogenesis and a widespread vascular concentration in cholesterol granulomas.Level of Evidence3b. Laryngoscope, 127:E283–E290, 2017
Balloon Eustachian tuboplasty under local anesthesia: Is it feasible?
Authors: Luukkainen Veera , Kivekäs Ilkka , Hammarén‐Malmi Sari , Rautiainen Markus , Pöyhönen Leena , Aarnisalo Antti A. , Jero Jussi , Sinkkonen Saku T. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveTo study whether balloon Eustachian tuboplasty (BET) is a feasible and safe procedure under local anesthesia.Study DesignProspective multicenter case‐control study.MethodsPatients undergoing either BET (n = 13) or endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) (n = 12) under local anesthesia, with the possibility of sedation and analgesia, were monitored during the procedure and recovery period for possible adverse effects. After the procedure, the patients responded to a questionnaire assessing their experience.ResultsNo adverse effects were detected in the BET group. Patients in the BET group reported similar Visual Analog Scale scores for pain during the operation as the ESS group (5.0 ± 0.7 vs. 3.2 ± 0.7, mean ± standard error of the mean). However, patients in the BET group experienced more discomfort (4.2 ± 0.6 vs. 2.5 ± 0.3, respectively, P = 0.049). Seventy‐seven and 92% of the patients in the BET and ESS groups, respectively, considered the anesthesia and pain relief to be sufficient. Patients from both the BET and ESS groups were almost devoid of pain 1 to 2 hours postoperatively (0.8 ± 0.2 and 1.4 ± 0.3, respectively). In total, 12 of 13 patients in the BET group, and all 12 patients in the ESS group, would choose local anesthesia with sedation and analgesia if they needed to undergo the same procedure again.ConclusionBET is a safe and feasible procedure under monitored anesthesia care, including local anesthesia along with sedation and analgesia. There is need for further methodological improvement to reduce pain and discomfort during the operation.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 127:1021–1025, 2017
Spectral problem for graphene fragments and polyenes: An analytic approach
Authors: Malysheva Lyuba 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAn analytic study of the spectral problem for finite size one‐layer graphene sheets is presented. The solutions of the derived earlier transcendental eigenvalue equation is thoroughly examined and their highly accurate approximations are obtained. The accuracy of the approximations is illustrated by the comparison of approximate and exact results. The range of use of the proposed approach covers graphene, its daughter structures such as zigzag and armchair nanoribbons, and also real polyenes.
Characteristic NH3 and CO losses from sodiated peptides C‐terminated by glutamine residues
Authors: Guan Xinshu , Wang Bing , Wang Huixin , Liu Jinrong , Li Ying , Guo Xinhua 
Published: February 2017

RationaleUnder certain conditions some amino acid (AA) residues undergo special reactions in the gas phase, generating characteristic neutral losses and product ions. Taking these special fragments into account and understanding the effect of AA residues on peptide cleavages will consummate database search algorithms and manual data interpretation in peptide sequencing by mass spectrometry (MS). In this study, the details of the characteristic NH3 and CO losses of glutamine (Gln) residues located at the C‐terminus of peptides are presented.MethodsA number of selected peptides were fragmented under collision‐induced dissociation (CID) in electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (ESI‐QTOF‐MS). Density functional theory (DFT) quantum mechanical calculations at the B3LYP/6‐31+G(d,p) level were carried out to optimize the geometry of peptide ions and provide energy barriers of ions in each step during fragmentations.ResultsTwo characteristic peaks appear near the precursor ions of sodiated Gln C‐terminated peptides, suggesting the loss of neutral NH3 and CO via a two‐step process. The proposed mechanism of their formation is as follows: after losing NH3, a non‐classical bn * ion is formed with a glutaric anhydride structure that further dissociates to lose CO. The sodiated peptides show more intensive peaks corresponding to the loss of neutral molecules than the protonated ones. This type of neutral loss can also occur at the Gln residue that is rearranged to the C‐terminus of sodiated peptides.ConclusionsThe experiments and calculations suggest that the two‐step characteristic NH3 and CO loss of sodiated peptides is energetically favored, and can be applied to identify C‐terminated Gln residues. This study provides a mechanistic insight into the role of sodium ion during peptide fragmentation. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Screening the covert key using honey encryption to rule out the brute force attack of AES—a survey
Authors: Dharshini P , Arokia Renjith J , Mohan Kumar P 
Published: February 2017

AbstractRecently, the major challenging attack is the side channel attack for both symmetric and asymmetric algorithm. Because in both cases, the secret key has to be sent out via a safe secured channel. The advanced encryption standard (AES) is mentioned as the best standard encryption algorithm by the US government, but there is one major attack on the AES that is the brute force attack. So, how to rule out these kinds of attack and how it is implemented effectively in hardware are being discussed in this paper. The honey encryption scheme is an effective algorithm, and it is also being discussed. In this paper, the detailed description of the AES and the methods to improve its speed and how it is integrated with the honey technique have been discussed. The different kinds of attacks and the various solutions are discussed for both of the algorithms. A survey of papers which has used these algorithms for various reasons with different perspective has been given. The honey algorithm creates the fake message for the wrong try of the key puncher. Thus, this is considered as the best algorithm, but it is also has some disadvantages that is also focussed in our survey. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pulmonary glass particles may persist in the lung suppressing function of immune cells
Authors: Park Eun‐Jung , Lee Gwang‐Hee , Kim Jae‐Chan , Jin Lee Sang , Lee Kyuhong , Lee Byoung‐Seok , Chang Jaerak , Kim Dong‐Wan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe health effects of silica may depend on the inherent properties of crystalline silica or on external factors affecting the biological activity or distribution of its polymorphs. Inhaled crystalline silica is classified as a Group I carcinogen, however, information on the health effects of amorphous silica is still insufficient. Considering that alveolar macrophages play a key role in both innate and adaptive immune responses for removal of foreign bodies that enter via the respiratory system, we treated sheet‐like glass particles (SGPs), a type of noncrystalline amorphous silica, to MH‐S cells, an alveolar macrophage cell line. SGPs reduced the generation of ROS and NO and induced cell death via multiple pathways. Although the expression of CD80, CD86, and CD40, increased by exposure to SGPs, the expression of MHC class II molecules had not notably changed. Additionally, expression of ICAM‐1 tended to decrease. In mice, SGPs were distributed in the interstitial region of the lung without notable pathological lesion on day 14 after a single intratracheal instillation. Pulmonary total cell number increased significantly with the highest dose, but the levels of all measured inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, except IL‐1, were lower in BAL fluid from SGP‐treated mice compared to control. More interestingly, the expression of antigen presentation‐related proteins was enhanced in the lungs of SGP‐exposed mice concomitant with an increase in the number of mature dendritic cells, whereas the expression of ICAM‐1, an important adhesion molecule for helper T cell recruitment, was suppressed. Taken together, we suggest that SGPs may induce adverse health effects by down‐regulating function of immune cells in the lungs. Furthermore, ICAM‐1 may play a key role in immune response to remove pulmonary SGPs.
Abnormal brain oscillations persist after recovery from bipolar depression
Authors: Canali P. , Casarotto S. , Rosanova M. , Sferrazza-Papa G. , Casali A.G. , Gosseries O. , Massimini M. , Smeraldi E. , Colombo C. , Benedetti F. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWhen directly perturbed in healthy subjects, premotor cortical areas generate electrical oscillations in the beta range (20–40 Hz). In schizophrenia, major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder (BD), these oscillations are markedly reduced, in terms of amplitude and frequency. However, it still remains unclear whether these abnormalities can be modulated over time, or if they can be still observed after treatment. Here, we employed transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) combined with EEG to assess the frontal oscillatory activity in eighteen BD patients before/after antidepressant treatments (sleep deprivation and light therapy), relative to nine healthy controls. In order to detect dominant frequencies, event related spectral perturbations (ERSP) were computed for each TMS/EEG session in all participants, using wavelet decomposition. The natural frequency at which the cortical circuit oscillates was calculated as the frequency value with the largest power across 300 ms post-stimulus time interval. Severity of depression markedly decreased after treatment with 12 patients achieving response and nine patients achieving remission. TMS/EEG resulted in a significant activation of the beta/gamma band response (21–50 Hz) in healthy controls. In patients, the main frequencies of premotor EEG responses to TMS did not significantly change before/after treatment and were always significantly lower than those of controls (11–27 Hz) and comparable in patients achieving remission and in those not responding to treatment. These results suggest that the reduction of natural frequencies is a trait marker of BD, independent from the clinical status of the patients. The present findings shed light on the neurobiological underpinning of severe psychiatric disorders and demonstrate that TMS/EEG represents a unique tool to develop biomarkers in psychiatry.
Biofeedback therapy combined with diet to treating ODS (Anismus): 2 years outcome
Authors: Anaraki Fakhryalsadat , Foroughifar Tahereh , Bagherzadeh Saba Reza , Miri Ashtiani Elaheh , Ghanbari Zinat 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Object The advantages of biofeedback therapy along with diet in patients with constipation are among the issues discussed nowadays. The aim of this study was to evaluate 2 years outcome of biofeedback therapy along with diet in patients with obstructed defecation syndrome (ODS) (Anismus).
Methodology The focus of this prospective study is a group of 129 patients with ODS constipation, who were referred to two tertiary-care referral academic centers from 2013 to 2016. Patients received biofeedback therapy combined with appropriate diet in cases group and received diet in controls group. Good response was defined as a subject with at least 50 percent improvement from before to after biofeedback therapy on a Cleveland Clinic Florida Constipation Scoring System (CCF). Factors associated with better outcome were analyzed using SPSS 20 software.
Results Out of the 129 patients, 112 patients (86.8%) were female. The mean age of patients was 42.44 ± 15.05 years. The mean CCF score of the patients before and after biofeedback therapy was 12.41 ± 4.39 and 6.00 ± 3.28 respectively in case group (p-value < 0.001). In addition, the mean CCF score of the patients before and after diet therapy was 12.82 ± 4.85 and 9.43 ± 3.79 respectively in control group (p-value < 0.001). While CCF score in both case and control groups reduced significantly after therapy, the rate of this reduction was higher in case group (p < 0.001).
Conclusion Our findings suggest that biofeedback therapy combined with diet will improve patients outcome in ODS constipation. Prospective clinical trials with larger sample sizes are recommend allowing for causal correlations.
Genital Sensory Detection Thresholds and Patient Satisfaction with Vaginoplasty in Male-to-Female Transgender Women
Authors: LeBreton Marianne , Courtois Frédérique , Journel Nicolas Morel , Beaulieu-Prévost Dominic , Bélanger Marc , Ruffion Alain , Terrier Jean-Étienne 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Introduction
Gender-affirming surgery is common for the treatment of gender dysphoria, but its effect on genital sensitivity is not well known.

Aims
To investigate genital sensory detection thresholds in male-to-female transgender women postoperatively and their relation to psychological well-being and variables of satisfaction.

Methods
Prospective study on 28 transgender women at least 18 years old operated on at least 3 months before the study by a single surgeon (N.M.J.).

Main Outcome Measures
Medical complications; sensory detection thresholds for light touch, pressure, and vibration; and questionnaires on general and sexual satisfaction, sexual function, depression, and psychological well-being.

Results
Sensory detection thresholds ranged from 0.07 to 2.82 g for light touch, with the neck being most sensitive; from 20.23 to 34.64 g for pressure, with similar results for the neck and clitoris; and from 0.0052 to 0.0111 V for vibration, with similar findings for all stimulation points. Satisfaction with the appearance of the labia, vulva, clitoris, and sexual function was good to very good. Frequency of sexual activities increased significantly postoperatively for orogenital stimulation and decreased significantly for frequency of fantasies (t = −4.81; P &lt; .0001). Orgasmic function was reported by 80% of participants. Psychological adjustment was good to very good, with low depression scores. Sexual satisfaction was statistically and positively correlated with vaginal function and depth, clitoral sensation, appearance of the vulva and labia minora, and natural lubrication and negatively correlated with depression scores.

Conclusion
Gender-affirming surgery yields good results for satisfaction with appearance and function. Genital sensitivity showed the best results with pressure and vibration.
TASTE TRUMPS HEALTH AND SAFETY: INCORPORATING CONSUMER PERCEPTIONS INTO A DISCRETE CHOICE EXPERIMENT FOR MEAT
Authors: MALONE TREY , LUSK JAYSON L. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractConsumers implicitly incorporate their perceptions of products into their decision processes, yet little research has explicitly focused on how those perceptions influence demand for meat. This study incorporates taste, health, and safety perceptions into a discrete choice experiment for meat products at a grocery store. Our results indicate that taste is the most important perception as a 1-unit increase in the perceived tastiness (on a −5 to +5 scale) of a food product leads to a $0.60 increase in willingness to pay, whereas equivalent increases in perceived health and safety lead to $0.31 and $0.21 increases, respectively.
Atypical Meningioma: Referral Patterns, Treatment and Adherence to Guidelines
Authors: Alghamdi Majed , Li Haocheng , Olivotto Ivo , Easaw Jay , Kelly John , Nordal Robert , Lim Gerald 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjective:To determine the referral rate to radiation oncologist (RO), use of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) and the impact of a clinical practice guideline (CPG) on patients with atypical meningioma (AM).Methods:A retrospective review of meningioma patients (n=526) treated between 2003 and 2013 was undertaken. Patients’ characteristics, extent of surgical resection (EOR), RO referral, PORT, date and treatment of first recurrence were collected for all patients >18 years with a new diagnosis of AM after surgical resection (n=83). Progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) according to EOR were assessed by the Log-Rank test of Kaplan-Meier survival.Results:Median age was 57 years. EOR was gross total (GTR) in 44 patients, subtotal (STR) in 36 patients and 3 patients had unknown EOR. RO referral rate was 26.5% (n=22); 5 patients initially had GTR and 17 had STR. Only 7 patients received PORT. At a median follow up time of 29 months, recurrences occurred in 28 patients, 4 had GTR, 21 had STR and 3 had an unknown EOR. With PORT, 2 patients developed recurrence. 5-year PFS was 62% after GTR and 33% after STR (P=0.002). 5-year OS was 92% after GTR and 83% after STR (P=0.45).Conclusion:In this cohort with AM, RO referral rate was low and was not influenced by the CPG. Use of PORT was also low. Given the lack of conclusive evidence supporting PORT in such patients, a multidisciplinary approach, including RO consultation, is needed to provide patients with optimal and individualised care.