bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of dye removal by activated carbon prepared from sawdust
Authors: Mahrous Yasser Sh. , El-Midany Ayman A. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Industrial dyes disposal represents one of the major environmental problems. Although the different techniques were used for its removal, the adsorption technique proved to be the most effective. In the current paper, removal of the disperse dye using activated carbon was investigated. The controlling factors of the removal process were studied by experimental design. Initially, the parameters; namely: dye concentration, pH value, etching time, agitation speed, carbon concentration and organic to aqueous solution ratio were screened using Placket Burman design. Then the significant factors resulting from screening design were investigated using full factorial design to find the optimum removal conditions. The results indicated that dye concentration, carbon concentration and organic to aqueous solution ratio are the most significant factors among the screened ones. The complete dye removal can be achieved for low dye concentration, while for high dye concentration, the dye removal depends on the activated carbon concentration where the removal percent ranges from 51.7 up to 97 %.
Test procedure for fatigue investigations regarding structured sheet metal joints
Authors: Kazak Fedor , Weiß Sabine 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The topic of fatigue strength of joints of flat and honeycomb-structured thin sheets has not yet been adequately studied. This concerns, for example, the development of an appropriate test method. In many cases, there is still a lack of information, how effective joints of flat and structured sheet metals are in comparison with reference joints of flat sheets. Combinations of resistance spot-welded specimens of flat and honeycomb-structured thin sheets of deep-drawing steel DC04 with a thickness of 0.5 mm were examined. Adopted clamping plates were applied for the testing. Joined smooth specimens were used as a reference material. The analysis of the frequency [1] was applied for comparison. The fatigue limit of a joint of a flat and a structured sheet metal is not significantly affected by spot welding. The fatigue limit of these spot-welded joints is comparable to that of an unjoined honeycomb-structured sheet. By means of frequency or stiffness analysis, stability and damage mechanisms of differently shaped joints were explained. The joining of bridges of the structure shows a better stability than the combination of honeycombs. The stiffness analysis is a favored method for the clarification of the damage mechanisms in a spot-welded joint. The reasons for the low fatigue strength values of the joined flat-structured specimens compared to flat-flat joints are strong notch effects in the bridge area and momentum effects by the structure height of the studied honeycomb structure. The spot weld with a pronounced indentation also affected the fatigue strength of both flat and structured joined sheet metals.
Health-related quality of life outcomes and level of evidence in pediatric neurosurgery
Authors: Hansen Daniel , Vedantam Aditya , Briceño Valentina , Lam Sandi K. , Luerssen Thomas G. , Jea Andrew 
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE
The emphasis on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) outcomes is increasing, along with an emphasis on evidence-based medicine. However, there is a notable paucity of validated HRQOL instruments for the pediatric population. Furthermore, no standardization or consensus currently exists concerning which HRQOL outcome measures ought to be used in pediatric neurosurgery. The authors wished to identify HRQOL outcomes used in pediatric neurosurgery research over the past 10 years, their frequency, and usage trends.

METHODS
Three top pediatric neurosurgical journals were reviewed for the decade from 2005 to 2014 for clinical studies of pediatric neurosurgical procedures that report HRQOL outcomes. Similar studies in the peer-reviewed journal Pediatrics were also used as a benchmark. Publication year, level of evidence, and HRQOL outcomes were collected for each article.

RESULTS
A total of 31 HRQOL studies were published in the pediatric neurosurgical literature over the study period. By comparison, there were 55 such articles in Pediatrics. The number of publications using HRQOL instruments showed a significant positive trend over time for Pediatrics (B = 0.62, p = 0.02) but did not increase significantly over time for the 3 neurosurgical journals (B = 0.12, p = 0.5). The authors identified a total of 46 different HRQOL instruments used across all journals. Within the neurosurgical journals, the Hydrocephalus Outcome Questionnaire (HOQ) (24%) was the most frequently used, followed by the Health Utilities Index (HUI) (16%), the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) (12%), and the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) (12%). Of the 55 articles identified in Pediatrics, 22 (40%) used a version of the PedsQL. No neurosurgical study reached above Level 4 on the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (OCEBM) system. However, multiple studies from Pediatrics achieved OCEBM Level 3, several were categorized as Level 2, and one reached Level 1.

CONCLUSIONS
The frequency of studies using HRQOL outcomes in pediatric neurosurgical research has not increased over the past 10 years. Within pediatric neurosurgery, high-quality studies and standardization are lacking, as compared with contemporary studies in Pediatrics. In general, although the HOQ, HUI, PedsQL, and SF-36 instruments are emerging as standards in pediatric neurosurgery, even greater standardization across the specialty is needed, along with the design and implementation of more rigorous studies.
3. Dit et non dit idéologique : à propos du «Supplément au Voyage de Bougainville»
Authors: Benrekassa Georges 
Published: June 2016

3. Georges Benrekassa : The spoken and the unspoken : With regard to
Supplément au voyage de Bougainville.
The proposition here is to show, taking as basis Diderot's Supplément au voyage de Bougainville , how a work cannot be analysed by putting end to end ideological statements, more or less organised into " themes ". Nor can the work be reduced to an unambiguous ideological discourse ; rather it is constructed on the distance separating distinct ideological discourses, and it is its structuring that must be investigated to see how every ideological utterance supposes a suppressed utterance, how the problems, or the statements it conceals, are, as it were, the condition of those it formulates explicitly.
7. Propositions pour une réflexion sur l'épistémologie des recherches dix-huitiémistes
Authors: Goulemot Jean-Marie 
Published: June 2016

7. Jean-Marie Goulemot : Proposals for reflection on the epistemology
of research into the eighteenth century.
The paper given by J.-M. Goulemot at the Congrès des Lumières at Nancy in July 1971, tended not only to shake the ideological roots of generally accepted truths, to express the methodological doubts of the younger generation of eighteenth century scholars, but also to outline the prolegomena of future research, concentrating more on defining its object than on tracing over and over again the contours of its field, more conscious of the exact weight and importance of the thorny problem of ideology. J.-M. Goulemot proposes that an archeology be constituted, not to be confused with Foucault's, and, perhaps, a non-ideological and non-sociological return to Marx.
12. «Jacques le Fataliste» et la critique contemporaine. Le texte et le sens
Authors: Roelens Maurice 
Published: June 2016

12. Maurice Roelens : Jacques le Fataliste and contemporary criticism :
the text and its meaning.
Starting out from an analysis of various " readings " of Jacques le Fataliste put forward in the last twenty years, M. R. shows that contemporary criticism is obsessed by the idea of a unifying principle, present in the work in spite of its rhapsodic appearance. This tradition was shaken for the first time by R. Mauzi in 1964. But M. R. goes much further in his doubts concerning methodology. He follows R. Barthes in questioning the very notion of text, " defined as a structured totality and substitutes for it that of a terrain on which " signifiant " and " signifié " do battle. Following S. Lecointre and J. Le Galliot, he believes that one should concern oneself less with the meaning than with the conditions in which the meaning is formulated : " It is no longer a question of going from the surface of a work towards a kernel hidden away inside, towards the heart of thought and meaning revealing themselves (by concealing themselves) within it, but rather, beginning with the text itself, of defining the conditions in which a specific production of meaning is possible, conditions which are always complex, often frought with conflicts and contradictions, constantly overdetermined, wich govern the game of writing and the production of the text and which are opposed to all readings which work by reduction M. R. wonders whether the " fundamental key contradiction " is not to be found at the very heart of Diderot's materialism and his conception of the whole which is finalistic and deistic, in spite of himself.
14. L'archéologie du savoir et le problème de la périodisation
Authors: Verley Étienne 
Published: June 2016

14. Etienne Verley : L'Archéologie du savoir and the problem of periodisation.
In his research on L'Histoire de la folie , La Naissance de la clinique , first of all, but more particularly in Les Mots et les choses, Foucault proposed a radical change in the traditional division into periods of the history of ideas from the 16th century onwards. L'Archéologie du savoir sets out to be a reflection upon the method of analysis employed in these works. But the investigation of the method leads on to new problems and appears, in many points, notably that of division into periods, to constitute a critical revision of the works to which it refers. On what is based this shift of thought, what effects can one pinpoint behind l'Archéologie du savoir , such is the intention of the study undertaken in this article.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau vu par un visiteur anglais en août 1776
Authors: France Peter 
Published: June 2016

Peter France : Jean-Jacques Rousseau seen by an English visitor, august
1776.
In August 1776 Thomas Bentley, the associate of Josiah Wedgwood, visited Paris and went to see Rousseau, taking him books and letters from English admirers. His recently discovered diary includes an account of their conversation, which is here presented in translation. First the two men discuss the books brought by Bentley ; these concern the American question and English attempts to set up a philosophical liturgy inspired by Benjamin Franklin. The conversation then moves to the difference between goodness and virtue, the superiority of animals to men and questions concerning education, clothing, natural science, geology, the origins of the earth and atheism. Bentley's account closes with an enthusiastic sketch of Rousseau's character.
La correspondance d'Helvétius (avec une lettre inédite d'Helvétius à Schouvalov)
Authors: Smith David W. 
Published: June 2016

D. W. Smith : Helvetius's correspondence.
The need has long been felt for a new edition of the complete works of Claude Adrien Helvétius (1715-1771). No edition of his works has appeared since 1818 and the so-called " standard " edition (Paris, 1795, 14 vols) is demonstrably corrupt. Helvétius's correspondence, in particular, needs to be collected and critically edited, since editions of his works contain at most a dozen letters by Helvétius, though at least two hundred have survived in manuscript or in various scattered publications. The letters of Madame Helvétius are more numerous and interesting than is generally realized and deserve to be edited with those of her husband. To remedy this situation a team of six researchers at the University of Toronto is preparing a new critical edition in French of Helvétius's works, starting with the correspondence which should be ready for publication in 1974. This article describes the interest and importance of these letters, includes an edited letter of Helvétius which has never before been published in the original, and concludes with an inventory of all letters written or received by Helvétius or his wife. Holders of further Helvétius letters not listed here are invited to contact the general editor, D. W. Smith.
Nature, métaphysique et histoire chez les idéologues
Authors: Plongeron Bernard 
Published: June 2016

Bernard Plongeron : Nature, metaphysics and history among the ideologists.
Is Man nature and history ? Here is the question which puzzles the scientists of the " Institut de France " after the thermidorian reaction. Men of " the enlightment era ", having taken part in all political feuds since 1789, they want to endow the world with a " social art ", capable of ensuring the safeguard of individual rights in a society founded on a republican form of happiness. Condillac, they thought, had found a method for the true scientific anthropology, cleared of all metaphysics, either platonician or christian. Their researches in political science, in education in philosophy and even in literary art, compel them, under the Empire, to invent new metaphysics, in order to save the destiny of Man, in his liberty, that is, in his history, source of his " nature
Deux manuscrits de Montesquieu retrouvé à Genève
Authors: Gagnebin Bernard 
Published: June 2016

Bernard Gagnebin : Two Montesquieu manuscripts discovered in Geneva.
On the occasion of the discovery of the manuscripts : Considérations sur les causes de la grandeur des Romains and Considérations sur les Richesses de l'Espagne, the author presents the recent history of the Montesquieu manuscripts.
Roman libertin et réaction aristocratique
Authors: Huet Marie-Hélène 
Published: June 2016

Libertine Novels and Aristocratic Reaction in the Eighteenth century.
Crébillon, Duclos, and Louvet, among others, contributed to a tradition of autobiographical novels in which the hero recalls his discovery of love and pleasure and his initiation into the conventions of aristocratic society, before retirement to the country and an idyllic marriage. Such a conclusion does not seem to be simply a cliché based on moral and literary conventions but the ultimate step towards maturity, a liberation from social restraints and domineering mistresses, and a return both to the innocence which preceded the initiation into society, and to an outdated form of ideal love. It represents the reaction of the Eighteenth Century aristocracy which, in the face of the absolute monarchy's demand of total submission, looked back to its history to revive a greater political role. These novels therefore capture the image of a threatened society looking back to its past to save its precarious heritage.
Des Lumières à la Contre-Révolution : un drame écartelé, la Mélanie de La Harpe
Authors: Landy Rémy 
Published: June 2016

From Enlightenment to Counter-revolution : Contradictions in the Structure of La Harpe's " Mélanie ".
Mélanie, La Harpe's version of la Religieuse, was perhaps the literary event of 1770. It reads like an explicit attack on enforced vows, and monastic vows in general. But it also expresses, implicitly, the struggle of a particular rising social group, the ' noblesse de robe against its own guilty conscience. This play, impossible to stage under the Ancien Régime, had difficulty in achieving the success which the Revolution seemed to offer it ; in 1791-92 the violent acting of Monvel could not disguise its ideological timidity. In 1802, La Harpe, now reactionary and religious, rewrote his play. He replaced its social tragedy by an existential tragedy, and Mélanie finally found, in the Counter-Revolution, a coherence which the Enlightenment had been unable to give it.
Phèdre corrigée sous la Révolution
Authors: Sergi Antonino 
Published: June 2016

" Phedre " during the Revolution.
After describing the changed conditions of theatrical life in France during the early years of the Revolution, and showing how revolutionary censorship corrected classical plays to make them conform with revolutionary ideology, the author studies the copy of Phèdre, corrected by hand, which the actors used for the productions of this play in 1793 and 1794 ; this unique copy is preserved in the library of the Comédie française. The author gives the original lines of Racine opposite the lines as altered by the revolutionary censor. He concludes that the corrections are fewer and less fundamental than one might have expected, and that without them it would not have been possible to present Racine's play during the Revolution.
La Société d'Auteuil et la Révolution
Authors: Moravia Sergio 
Published: June 2016

The ' Société d'Auteuil ' and the Revolution.
The author analyses the political role played by a group of intellectuals gathered together in a country house near Paris belonging to Madame Helvetius, wife of the well-known French philosopher, following his death in 1771 . These men (Volney, Garat, Chamfort, Mirabeau, Sieyès, Condorcet etc.) constituted the intellectual and political group most directly connected with the per¬ petuation of Enlightenment. Their activity, during the revolution, revealed both the revolutionary spirit and the uncertainties and weaknesses of the group, following the rapid sequence of events. The study of this activity by means of the diversity of individual attitudes permits a comparison to be made of the relationship between enlightenment and revolution to that between theory and practice.
Houdar de La Motte : une lettre oubliée à Voltaire
Authors: Raynaud Jean-Michel 
Published: June 2016

A Letter from Houdar de la Motte to Voltaire.
The author presents and reproduces the forgotten letter, answering Voltaire (Besterman, D 116) written, in the name of the Cardinal Dubois, by Antoine Houdar de La Motte. Some precise details are given about textual and dating problems in the correspondence of 1722 and about Voltaire's journey Cambrai and Brussels.
Lettres inédites de Voltaire
Authors: Lizé Émile 
Published: June 2016

Some unpublished Letters of Voltaire.
An examination of some of the known manuscripts of the Correspondance littéraire de F. M. Grimm has already brought to light a certain number of unpublished letters written by Voltaire. E. M. publishes here some hitherto unknown letters and passages discovered in the Gotha and Stockholm manuscripts and written by Voltaire to Desmahis, Huerne de la Motte, Grimm, and Linguet. The first letter is addressed to Desmahis and dated 15 December 1757. The last letter refers to a letter to Linguet dated 14 March 1767.
Le nouveau manuel épistolaire de Chaudon et la correspondance de Voltaire. Lettres oubliées, variantes et notes critiques
Authors: Magnan André 
Published: June 2016

Chaudon's Nouveau Manuel épistolaire and Voltaire's Correspondance
A description and inventory of the Nouveau Manuel épistolaire attributed to Louis-Mayeul Chaudon. It revealed at its date of publication (1785-1787) a good number of unknown letters from XVIIIth Century writers — Montesquieu, Trublet, Diderot, d'Alembert, Voltaire, etc. — , most of which have since been discovered in other sources. However one can still extract from it four unknown letters of Voltaire and one adressed to him, as well as numerous indications relative to other texts of Voltaire's Correspondence : variants, details of datation and identification, etc.
Deux Amis à la cour de Versailles. Une correspondance inédite de Beaumarchais et Dubois de Fosseux
Authors: Berthe L.-N. 
Published: June 2016

Two friends at the Court of Versailles, Beaumarchais and Dubois de Fosseux.
From the rich archives of the château de Fosseux in Artois it has been discovered that the author of the Mariage de Figaro and F. Dubois de Fosseux, the secretary of the Academy of Arras (where he was to have Robespierre and Carnot as colleagues and Carnot as a correspondant) knew each other well. They lived at close quarters for weeks, even months. One was equerry at the court of Versailles while the other, as secretary of the King's household, gave harp lessons to the daughters of Louis XV and organised highly appreciated concerts for them. The two liked each other and continued this friendship in a correspondence. One letter in particular, dated 12th December 1763 — the earliest of the three extant letters from Beaumarchais to his young friend — shows clearly how close was their friendship.
Notes sur L'Ami des enfants de Berquin et la littérature enfantine en France aux alentours de 1780
Authors: Martin Angus 
Published: June 2016

Notes on L'ami des enfants by Berquin, and Children's literature in France around 1780.
This article points out some research problems in a much neglected field of literary study in France — the history of children's books. The problems refer, in this instance, to the little known work of Arnaud Berquin, the creator of the first periodical for children in France (1782-1785). A. M. examines Berquin's debt to his German predecessor, C. F. Weisse, editor of Kinder-freund and reveals the conditions under which Berquin's periodical was edited and circulated. In conclusion he expresses a wish to see a more profound study made of the content and form of Berquin's written texts for children. Numerous bibliographical references to be found in his notes could be of immense value to those interested in the history of children's literature.
La première critique d'art écrite par un Polonais : la Lettre d'un étranger sur le salon de 1787, de Stanislas Kostka Potocki
Authors: Zoltowska Maria Evelina 
Published: June 2016

The first Art Criticism written by a pole : " Letter from a Foreigner on the Salon of 1787 " by Stanislaw Kostka
Potocki.
This article studies the striking personality of St. K. Potocki and the ' Salon ' he published anonymously in 1787. One of the greatest and most progressive Polish statesmen and thinkers of his day, he wrote his Letter in order to condemn the French School of Boucher's period, and to praise the new artistic revolution led by David. Although Potocki had written widely on art in Polish and introduced Winckelmann's theories in his country, nobody knew that he was the author of the ' Salon ' analysed here in full for the first time since 1787.
Dans les «registres» de l'Ancien Régime : des réponses officielles à Rameau, Diderot et Voltaire.
Authors: Pappas John 
Published: June 2016

John Pappas : Unpublished letters from the Registers of the Ancien
Régime.
While searching for d'Alembert letters in the Registres of the Old Régime for the years 1743-1783, I discovered numerous unpublished letters, not only to d'Alembert, but also to many of the major figures of 18th-century France. This article presents a sampling of these inédits with critical comments : six letters from the Minister to Voltaire, one to Diderot, and one to Rameau concerning his nephew. It further indicates the wealth of material available for a better understanding of everyday life in France during that period (e.g. information concerning the Jewish and Protestant colonies in the provinces and their difficulties with the authorities), and suggests that a systematic indexing of the Registres by a team of scholars, as has been done in France for periodicals, would make them more accessible to researchers.