bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Habitat fragmentation causes coevolutionary burning spots
Authors: De Kort H. , Baguette M. , Prunier J.G , Tessier M. , Monsimet J. , Turlure C. , Stevens V.M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHabitat fragmentation increasingly threatens the services provided by natural communities and ecosystem worldwide. An understanding of the underlying eco-evolutionary processes in natural settings is lacking, yet critical to realistic and sustainable conservation. Through integrating the multivariate genetic, biotic and abiotic facets of a natural community network experiencing various degrees of habitat fragmentation, we provide unique insights into the processes underlying community functioning in real, natural conditions. The focal community network comprises a parasitic butterfly of conservation concern, and its two obligatory host species, a plant and an ant. We show that fragmentation of butterfly habitat has the potential to impair the balance between dispersal and coevolution. This process can cause coevolutionary burning spots of decreased genetic diversity and therefore of increased extinction risk. We stress that ignoring such eco-evolutionary feed-backs inherent to the very functioning of natural communities can strongly impact their persistence.One Sentence Summary:Communities under threat of habitat fragmentation suffer increased extinction risk through coevolutionary overheating.
The molecular link between auxin and ROS-Mediated polar root hair growth
Authors: Mangano Silvina , Denita-Juarez Silvina Paola , Choi Hee-Seung , Marzol Eliana , Hwang Youra , Ranocha Philippe , Velasquez Silvia Melina , Borassi Cecilia , Barberini María Laura , Aptekmann Ariel Alejandro , Muschietti Jorge Prometeo , Nadra Alejandro Daniel , Dunand Christophe , Cho Hyung-Taeg , Estevez José Manuel 
Published: March 2017

AbstractRoot hair polar growth is endogenously controlled by auxin and sustained by oscillating levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These cells extend several hundred-fold their original size toward signals important for plant survival. Although their final cell size is of fundamental importance, the molecular mechanisms that control it remain largely unknown. Here, we show that ROS production is controlled by the transcription factors RSL4, which in turn is transcriptionally regulated by auxin through several Auxin Responsive Factors (ARFs). In this manner, auxin controls ROS-mediated polar growth by activating RSL4, which then upregulates the expression of genes encoding NADPH oxidases (also known as RBOHs, RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG proteins) and Class-III Peroxidases (PER), which catalyse ROS production. Chemical or genetic interference with the ROS balance or peroxidase activity affect root hair final cell size. Overall, our findings establish a molecular link between auxin regulated ARFs-RSL4 and ROS-mediated polar root hair growth.Significance StatementTip-growing root hairs are excellent model systems to decipher the molecular mechanism underlying reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated cell elongation. Root hairs are able to expand in response to external signals, increasing several hundred-fold their original size, which is important for survival of the plant. Although their final cell size is of fundamental importance, the molecular mechanisms that control it remain largely unknown. In this study, we propose a molecular mechanism that links the auxin-Auxin Response Factors (ARFs) module to activation of RSL4, which directly targets genes encoding ROS-producing enzymes, such as NADPH oxidases (or RBOHs) and secreted type-III peroxidases (PERs). Activation of these genes impacts apoplastic ROS homeostasis, thereby stimulating root hair cell elongation.
Gene-centric constraint of metabolic models
Authors: Fyson Nick , Kim Min Kyung , Lun Desmond S. , Colijn Caroline 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMotivationA number of approaches have been introduced in recent years allowing gene expression data to be integrated into the standard flux Balance Analysis (FBA) technique. This additional information permits greater accuracy in the prediction of intracellular fluxes, even when knowledge of the growth medium and biomass composition is incomplete, and allows exploration of organisms’ metabolism under wide-ranging conditions. However, existing techniques still focus on the reaction as the fundamental unit of their modelling. This carries the advantages of incorporating expression measurements, but discounts the fact that genes (and their associated proteins) may be involved in the catalysis of multiple reactions through the formation of alternative protein complexes.ResultsWe demonstrate an approach focusing not on reactions or genes as the fundamental unit, but on the ‘Gene Complex’ (GC), a set of genes that is sufficient to catalyse a given reaction. We define expression-based limits in such a way that proteins cannot do ‘double duty’: no single molecule is permitted to contribute to the catalysis of more than one reaction at a time. Using experimentally determined RNA expression and intracellular fluxes, we validate this novel and more conceptually sound approach.Availability and ImplementationAn implementation of the GC-Fluxalgorithm is available as part of the Pyabolism python module.https://github.com/nickfyson/pyabolismContactnickfyson@gmail.com
Random drift with a determined outcome: a parsimonious null model of Neanderthal replacement by modern humans via neutral species drift
Authors: Kolodny Oren , Feldman Marcus W. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe processes that led to the demise of the Neanderthals and their replacement by modern humans have been the object of speculation, research, and heated debate. Most hypotheses fall into one of two categories: one highlights the role of climate change, epidemics, or other environmental pressures in the Neanderthals’ demise, and the other attributes it to direct or indirect competition with modern humans, who seem to have occupied the same ecological niche. The latter are based on the assumption that modern humans benefited from some selective advantage over Neanderthals that led to the latter’s extinction. We show that a scenario that includes migration and selectively neutral species drift can explain the Neanderthals’ replacement and is in line with the archaeological evidence. Our model offers a parsimonious alternative to those that invoke external factors or selective advantage, and can represent a null hypothesis in assessing such alternatives. We show that for a wide range of parameters this hypothesis cannot be rejected. Moreover, we suggest that although selection and environmental factors may or may not have played a role in the interspecies dynamics of the Neanderthals and modern humans, the eventual outcome of these dynamics, the replacement of the Neanderthals, was the result of the hominid migration dynamics at the end of the middle Paleolithic, namely repeated migration of modern humans from Africa into the Levant and Europe.Significance statementMultiple factors have been proposed as possible drivers of the extinction of the Neanderthals and their replacement by modern humans circa 40,000 years ago: climate change, epidemics, and – most prominently – a selective advantage, such as superior cognitive capacity of modern humans over Neanderthals. We propose an alternative model that includes only migration of modern humans out of Africa into the Levant and Europe. We show that, given that the two species occupied a similar ecological niche, modern humans were destined to replace the Neanderthals even under a neutral scenario in which neither species has a selective advantage.
The protective association of endogenous immunoglobulins against sepsis mortality is restricted to patients with moderate organ failure
Authors: Martin-Loeches Ignacio , Muriel-Bombín Arturo , Ferrer Ricard , Artigas Antonio , Sole-Violan Jordi , Lorente Leonardo , Andaluz-Ojeda David , Prina-Mello Adriele , Herrán-Monge Ruben , Suberviola Borja , Rodriguez-Fernandez Ana , Merino Pedro , Loza Ana M , Garcia-Olivares Pablo , Anton Eduardo , Tamayo Eduardo , Trapiello Wysali , Blanco Jesús , Bermejo-Martin Jesús F ,   GRECIA Group
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundpre-evaluation of endogenous immunoglobulin levels is a potential strategy to improve the results of intravenous immunoglobulins in sepsis, but more work has to be done to identify those patients who could benefit the most from this treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of endogenous immunoglobulins on the mortality risk in sepsis depending on disease severity.Methodsthis was a retrospective observational study including 278 patients admitted to the ICU with sepsis fulfilling the SEPSIS-3 criteria, coming from the Spanish GRECIA and ABISS-EDUSEPSIS cohorts. Patients were distributed into two groups depending on their Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score al ICU admission (SOFA < 8, n = 122 and SOFA ≥ 8, n = 156) and the association between immunoglobulin levels at ICU admission with mortality was studied in each group by Kaplan Meier and multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsICU / hospital mortality in the SOFA < 8 group was 14.8% / 23.0%, compared to 30.1 % / 35.3% in the SOFA ≥ 8 group. In the group with SOFA < 8, the simultaneous presence of total IgG <407 mg/dl, IgM < 43 mg/dl and IgA < 219 mg/dl was associated to a reduction in the survival mean time of 6.6 days in the first 28 days, and was a robust predictor of mortality risk either during the acute and the post-acute phase of the disease (OR for ICU mortality: 13.79; OR for hospital mortality: 7.98). This predictive ability remained in the absence of prior immunosupression (OR for ICU mortality: 17.53; OR for hospital mortality: 5.63). Total IgG <407 mg/dl or IgG1 < 332 mg/dl was also an independent predictor of ICU mortality in this group. In contrast, in the SOFA ≥ 8 group, we found no immunoglobulin thresholds associated to neither ICU nor to hospital mortality.Conclusionsendogenous immunoglobulin levels may have a different impact on the mortality risk of sepsis patients based on their severity. In patients with moderate organ failure, the simultaneous presence of low levels of IgG, IgA and IgM was a consistent predictor of both acute and post-acute mortality.
Sustaining Scholarly Infrastructures through Collective Action: The lessons that Olson can teach us
Authors: Neylon Cameron 
Published: March 2017

AbstractInfrastructures for data, such as repositories, curation systems, aggregators, indexes and standards are public goods. This means that finding sustainable economic models to support them is a challenge. This is due to free-loading, where someone who does not contribute to the support of the infrastructure nonetheless gains the benefit of it. The work of Mancur Olson (1974) suggests there are only three ways to address this for large groups: compulsion (often as some form of taxation) to support the infrastructure; the provision of non-collective (club) goods limited to those who contribute as a side-effect of providing the collective good; or mechanisms that lower the effective number of participants in the negotiation (oligopoly).In this paper I use Olson’s framework to analyze existing scholarly infrastructures and proposals for the sustainability of new infrastructures. I argue that the focus on sustainability models prior to seeking a set of agreed governance principles is the wrong approach. Rather we need to understand how to navigate from club-like to public-like goods. We need to define the communities that contribute and identify club-like benefits for those contributors. We need interoperable principles of governance and resourcing to provide public-like goods and we should draw on the political economics of taxation to develop this.
The physics of osmotic pressure
Authors: Bowler M. G. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe proper application of the virial theorem to the origin of osmotic pressure provides a simple, vivid and complete explanation of the physical processes involved; osmosis is driven by differential solvent pressures. This simple and intuitive notion is widely disregarded, but the virial theorem allows an exact formulation and unifies a number of different treatments. It is closely related to a kinetic treatment devised by Ehrenfest over 100 years ago.
A microbially derived tyrosine sulfated peptide mimics a plant peptide hormone
Authors: Pruitt Rory N. , Joe Anna , Zhang Weiguo , Feng Wei , Stewart Valley , Schwessinger Benjamin , Dinneny José R. , Ronald Pamela C. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThe biotrophic pathogenXanthomonas oryzaepv.oryzae(Xoo) produces a sulfated peptide named RaxX, which shares similarity to peptides in the PSY (plant peptide containingsulfatedtyrosine) family. We hypothesize that RaxX functionally mimics the growth stimulating activity of PSY peptides.Root length was measured in Arabidopsis and rice treated with synthetic RaxX peptides. We also used comparative genomic analysis and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) burst assay to evaluate the activity of RaxX and PSY peptides.Here we found that a synthetic sulfated RaxX derivative comprising 13 residues (RaxX13-sY), highly conserved between RaxX and PSY, induces root growth in Arabidopsis and rice in a manner similar to that triggered by PSY. We identified residues that are required for activation of immunity mediated by the rice XA21 receptor but that are not essential for root growth induced by PSY. Finally, we showed that aXanthomonasstrain lackingraxXis impaired in virulence.These findings suggest that RaxX serves as a molecular mimic of PSY peptides to facilitateXooinfection and that XA21 has evolved the ability to recognize and respond specifically to the microbial form of the peptide.
Chemical conditioning and monitoring to control and minimize chemistry-related damages in Heller dry cooled combined cycle power plants
Authors: Pourali Omid , Ghasemi Kadijani Hashem , Mohammadi Khangheshlaghi Farideh 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
An effective chemical conditioning technique was successfully tested and investigated to control and minimize the chemistry-related damages within mixed metallurgy steam and water cycle of Heller dry cooled combined cycle power plants (CCPPs), in which cooling water and condensate are completely mixed in direct contact condenser. This study aims to perform a comprehensive experimental research in four mixed metallurgy steam and water cycle.

Design/methodology/approach
A comprehensive experimental study was carried out in four mixed metallurgy steam and water cycle fabricated with ferrous- and aluminum-based alloys which have various corrosion resistance capabilities in contact with water. Chemical conditioning was conducted using both volatile and non-volatile alkalizing agents, and, to perform chemical conditioning effectively, quality parameters (pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, sodium, silica, iron, aluminum and phosphate) were monitored by analyzing grab and online samples taken at eight key sampling points.

Findings
Results indicated that pH was the most critical parameter which was not mainly within the recommended ranges of widely used standards and guidelines at all key sampling points that generally increases the occurrence of chemistry-related damages. The other quality parameters were mostly satisfactory.

Originality/value
In this research, the development of a suitable chemical conditioning technique in mixed metallurgy steam and water cycle, fabricated with ferrous and aluminum-based alloys, was studied. The obtained results in this thorough research work was evaluated by comparison with the chemistry limits of the widely used standards and guidelines, and combined use of volatile and solid alkalizing agents was considered as a promising chemical conditioning technique for utilization in mixed metallurgy units of Heller dry cooled CCPPs.
Pitting behavior and mechanism caused by Ca-Al-O-S composite inclusions in low-alloy steels
Authors: Yi Fan , Qingfeng Wang , Wenxiu Yang 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to study the pitting caused by Ca-Al-O-S composite inclusions of low-alloy steel in 3 Wt.% NaCl solution and 0.01M NaHSO3 solution.

Design/methodology/approach
The corrosion in 0.01M NaHSO3 was much weaker than in 3 Wt.% NaCl 3D display of the pitting formation and development process that has been calculated using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). In addition, a corrosion mechanism of pitting formation by galvanic interaction of composite inclusion and base metal has been proposed.

Findings
Results show that in immersion test, metal base around inclusions was dissolved due to corrosion. Corrosion on the metal base closer to inclusions was more severe.

Originality/value
A corrosion mechanism of pitting formation by galvanic interaction of composite inclusion and base metal has been proposed.
Inhibitive action of tara tannin in rust converter formulation
Authors: Flores Merino Santiago , Caprari Juan José , Vasquez Torres Luis , Figueroa Ramos Luis , Hadzich Girola Antonella 
Published: March 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the ability of commercial tara powder to convert rust into iron tannate and evaluate their use as raw material for the formulation of water based rust converter.Design/methodology/approachWater-borne acrylic primers were formulated with tara powder and aqueous tara extract and applied on steel rusted by three different methods. The conversion of rusted steel by tara tannins was studied by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The acrylic primers, containing hydrolysable tannins, were coated with alkyd finish and were evaluated in comparison to commercial systems in accelerated corrosion tests. The corrosion inhibition effects of tara powder on mild steel in 0.1M NaCl were studied by DC electrochemical techniques.FindingsTara tannin converts rust to ferric tannate and increases the magnetite content of rusted steel. The water-based acrylic primer formulated with aqueous extract of tara, alkyd-coated finish, showed performance equivalent to pure alkyd system.Research limitations/implicationsThe chlorides content in the commercial tara powder can be screened the beneficial effect of hydrolysable tannins to convert rust. Furthermore, the water-based rust converter formulated with acrylic resin may be sensitive to salt contamination of rust.Originality/valueHydrolysable tannins from commercial tara powder have not been studied yet in its application to the development of rust converters. A water-based primer formulated with commercial tara powder developed for the effective treatment of rusted surfaces can be of interest as an environmentally friendly to current commercial approaches.
The protection of TDPA deposited from mixed solutions with different water/ethanol ratios for aluminum alloy against corrosion in NaCl solution
Authors: Jun-e Qu , Geng Chen , Hai-ren Wang , Zhi-yong Cao 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of water content of assembly solution on the adsorption behavior and corrosion protection performance of 1–tetradecylphosphonic acid [TDPA, CH3(CH2)13P(O)(OH)2] films on aluminum alloy surface in NaCl solution.

Design/methodology/approach
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of TDPA were prepared on the 2024 aluminum alloy surface in TDPA containing ethanol-water solutions with different water contents. The adsorption behavior of the SAMs on the alloy surface and their corrosion protection properties in a 3.5 per cent NaCl solution were characterized by potentiodynamic polarization scan, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM).

Findings
The FTIR results demonstrated that the TDPA molecules were successfully adsorbed on the 2024 aluminum alloy surface, and the density of the SAMs increased with the increasing water content in the assembly solution. The electrochemical studies and corrosion morphologies observed by AFM showed that the optimal condition is 2 h of assembling in solution B or solution C. The corrosion inhibition efficiency values follow the order solution B ≈ solution C > solution A at the first 2 h assembly and solution B > solution C > solution A while the assembly time exceeded 2 h. The dependence of corrosion inhibition performance of the SAM on the water content and on the assembly time is related to the balancing of competition between TDPA adsorption and dissolution of the alloy oxidation film.

Originality/value
It illustrates potential application prospects of TDPA for surface treatment of aluminum alloy. Via the comparison with our previous work, this paper provides useful information regarding the difference of corrosion inhibition properties of organic phosphonic acid for aluminum alloy between in neutral and in acid solution.
Detection of SCC on 304 stainless steel in neutral thiosulfate solutions using electrochemical noise based on chaos theory
Authors: Zhao Ru , Xia Da-Hai , Song Shi-Zhe , Hu Wenbin 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) process of sensitized 304 stainless steel during the slow strain rate test by using the electrochemical noise (EN) technique.

Design/methodology/approach
EN data are interpreted based on chaos and wavelet analyses, and correlation dimension and wavelet energy distribution are used as indicators for SCC process identification.

Findings
Experimental results reveal that the corrosion potential abruptly decreases from 180 to 100 mV at 6,300 s and the current increases from 10 to 100 nA accordingly, which is attributed to passive film breakdown and crack initiation. Chaos and wavelet analyses results reveal that, as crack initiates, the correlation dimensions increase from 1.2 to 1.9, and the corresponding distribution frequencies of maximum relative wavelet energy change from high frequency to low frequency.

Originality/value
SCC is monitored in lab, and crack initiation and propagation are identified by chaos and wavelet analyses. This work lays the foundation for SCC detection in field using EN.