bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological, chemical and species delimitation analyses provide new taxonomic insights into two groups ofRinodina
Authors: RESL Philipp , MAYRHOFER Helmut , CLAYDEN Stephen R. , SPRIBILLE Toby , THOR Göran , TØNSBERG Tor , SHEARD John W. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe genusRinodina(Physciaceae), with approximately 300 species, has been subject to few phylogenetic studies. Consequently taxonomic hypotheses inRinodinaare largely reliant on phenotypic data, while hypotheses incorporating DNA dependent methods remain to be tested. Here we investigateRinodina degeliana/R. subparietaand theRinodina mniaraeagroup, which previously have not been subjected to comprehensive molecular and phenotypic studies. We conducted detailed morphological, anatomical, chemical, molecular phylogenetic and species delimitation studies including 24 newly sequenced specimens. We propose thatRinodina degelianaandR. subparietaare conspecific and that chemical morphs within theR. mniaraeagroup should be recognized as distinct species. We also propose the placement of the recently described genusOxnerellainPhysciaceae.
Two new host-specific hepaticolous species ofCatinaria(Ramalinaceae)
Authors: LENDEMER James C. , BUCK William R. , HARRIS Richard C. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractTwo species ofCatinariawith an unusual hepaticolous (i.e. growing on liverworts) lifestyle are described as new to science.Catinaria brodoanais described from species ofCheilolejeuneasect.Leucolejeunea(Lejeuneaceae) growing in south-eastern North America. Catinaria radulaeis described fromRadula flavifolia(Radulaceae) growing in the Cape Horn Archipelago of southernmost Chile, South America. The species are compared with the type ofCatinaria(C. atropurpurea). In addition to occurring on hepatics,C. brodoanais characterized by its cellular exciple, warted ascospores and thallus composed of goniocysts, whileC. radulaeis characterized by its exciple of radiating hyphae, warted ascospores and absence of a lichenized thallus.
The longitudinal relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder and perceived social support in survivors of traumatic injury
Authors: Nickerson A. , Creamer M. , Forbes D. , McFarlane A. C. , O'Donnell M. L. , Silove D. , Steel Z. , Felmingham K. , Hadzi-Pavlovic D. , Bryant R. A. 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundAlthough perceived social support is thought to be a strong predictor of psychological outcomes following trauma exposure, the temporal relationship between perceived positive and negative social support and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms has not been empirically established. This study investigated the temporal sequencing of perceived positive social support, perceived negative social support, and PTSD symptoms in the 6 years following trauma exposure among survivors of traumatic injury.MethodParticipants were 1132 trauma survivors initially assessed upon admission to one of four Level 1 trauma hospitals in Australia after experiencing a traumatic injury. Participants were followed up at 3 months, 12 months, 24 months, and 6 years after the traumatic event.ResultsLatent difference score analyses revealed that greater severity of PTSD symptoms predicted subsequent increases in perceived negative social support at each time-point. Greater severity of PTSD symptoms predicted subsequent decreases in perceived positive social support between 3 and 12 months. High levels of perceived positive or negative social support did not predict subsequent changes in PTSD symptoms at any time-point.ConclusionsResults highlight the impact of PTSD symptoms on subsequent perceived social support, regardless of the type of support provided. The finding that perceived social support does not influence subsequent PTSD symptoms is novel, and indicates that the relationship between PTSD and perceived social support may be unidirectional.
How salient are onomatopoeia in the early input? A prosodic analysis of infant-directed speech
Authors: LAING CATHERINE E. , VIHMAN MARILYN , KEREN-PORTNOY TAMAR 
Published: September 2016

AbstractOnomatopoeia are frequently identified amongst infants’ earliest words (Menn & Vihman, 2011), yet few authors have considered why this might be, and even fewer have explored this phenomenon empirically. Here we analyze mothers’ production of onomatopoeia in infant-directed speech (IDS) to provide an input-based perspective on these forms. Twelve mothers were recorded interacting with their 8-month-olds; onomatopoeic words (e.g.quack) were compared acoustically with their corresponding conventional words (duck). Onomatopoeia were more salient than conventional words across all features measured: mean pitch, pitch range, word duration, repetition, and pause length. Furthermore, a systematic pattern was observed in the production of onomatopoeia, suggesting a conventionalized approach to mothers’ production of these words in IDS.
Effective irrationality measures for real and p-adic roots of rational numbers close to 1, with an application to parametric families of Thue–Mahler equations
Authors: BUGEAUD YANN 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe show how the theory of linear forms in two logarithms allows one to get very good effective irrationality measures for nth roots of rational numbers a/b, when a is very close to b. We give a p-adic analogue of this result under the assumption that a is p-adically very close to b, that is, that a large power of p divides a−b. As an application, we solve completely certain families of Thue–Mahler equations. Our results illustrate, admittedly in a very special situation, the strength of the known estimates for linear forms in logarithms.
Twister ribozymes as highly versatile expression platforms for artificial riboswitches
Authors: Felletti Michele , Stifel Julia , Wurmthaler Lena A. , Geiger Sophie , Hartig Jörg S. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe utilization of ribozyme-based synthetic switches in biotechnology has many advantages such as an increased robustness due to incis regulation, small coding space and a high degree of modularity. The report of small endonucleolytic twister ribozymes provides new opportunities for the development of advanced tools for engineering synthetic genetic switches. Here we show that the twister ribozyme is distinguished as an outstandingly flexible expression platform, which in conjugation with three different aptamer domains, enables the construction of many different one- and two-input regulators of gene expression in both bacteria and yeast. Besides important implications in biotechnology and synthetic biology, the observed versatility in artificial genetic control set-ups hints at possible natural roles of this widespread ribozyme class.
Multi-pass microscopy
Authors: Juffmann Thomas , Klopfer Brannon B. , Frankort Timmo L.I. , Haslinger Philipp , Kasevich Mark A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMicroscopy of biological specimens often requires low light levels to avoid damage. This yields images impaired by shot noise. An improved measurement accuracy at the Heisenberg limit can be achieved exploiting quantum correlations. If sample damage is the limiting resource, an equivalent limit can be reached by passing photons through a specimen multiple times sequentially. Here we use self-imaging cavities and employ a temporal post-selection scheme to present full-field multi-pass polarization and transmission micrographs with variance reductions of 4.4±0.8 dB (11.6±0.8 dB in a lossless setup) and 4.8±0.8 dB, respectively, compared with the single-pass shot-noise limit. If the accuracy is limited by the number of detected probe particles, our measurements show a variance reduction of 25.9±0.9 dB. The contrast enhancement capabilities in imaging and in diffraction studies are demonstrated with nanostructured samples and with embryonic kidney 293T cells. This approach to Heisenberg-limited microscopy does not rely on quantum state engineering.
Observation of unusual topological surface states in half-Heusler compounds LnPtBi (Ln=Lu, Y)
Authors: Liu Z. K. , Yang L. X. , Wu S.-C. , Shekhar C. , Jiang J. , Yang H. F. , Zhang Y. , Mo S.-K. , Hussain Z. , Yan B. , Felser C. , Chen Y. L. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractTopological quantum materials represent a new class of matter with both exotic physical phenomena and novel application potentials. Many Heusler compounds, which exhibit rich emergent properties such as unusual magnetism, superconductivity and heavy fermion behaviour, have been predicted to host non-trivial topological electronic structures. The coexistence of topological order and other unusual properties makes Heusler materials ideal platform to search for new topological quantum phases (such as quantum anomalous Hall insulator and topological superconductor). By carrying out angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and ab initio calculations on rare-earth half-Heusler compounds LnPtBi (Ln=Lu, Y), we directly observe the unusual topological surface states on these materials, establishing them as first members with non-trivial topological electronic structure in this class of materials. Moreover, as LnPtBi compounds are non-centrosymmetric superconductors, our discovery further highlights them as promising candidates of topological superconductors.
Bony cranial ornamentation linked to rapid evolution of gigantic theropod dinosaurs
Authors: Gates Terry A. , Organ Chris , Zanno Lindsay E. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractExaggerated cranial structures such as crests and horns, hereafter referred to collectively as ornaments, are pervasive across animal species. These structures perform vital roles in visual communication and physical interactions within and between species. Yet the origin and influence of ornamentation on speciation and ecology across macroevolutionary time scales remains poorly understood for virtually all animals. Here, we explore correlative evolution of osseous cranial ornaments with large body size in theropod dinosaurs using a phylogenetic comparative framework. We find that body size evolved directionally toward phyletic giantism an order of magnitude faster in theropod species possessing ornaments compared with unadorned lineages. In addition, we find a body mass threshold below which bony cranial ornaments do not originate. Maniraptoriform dinosaurs generally lack osseous cranial ornaments despite repeatedly crossing this body size threshold. Our study provides novel, quantitative support for a shift in selective pressures on socio-sexual display mechanisms in theropods coincident with the evolution of pennaceous feathers.
Study on Synergistic Mechanism of Inhibitor Mixture Based on Electron Transfer Behavior
Authors: Han Peng , He Yang , Chen Changfeng , Yu Haobo , Liu Feng , Yang Hong , Ma Yue , Zheng Yanjun 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMixing is an important method to improve the performance of surfactants due to their synergistic effect. The changes in bonding interaction and adsorption structure of IM and OP molecules before and after co-adsorbed on Fe(001) surface is calculated by DFTB+ method. It is found that mixture enable the inhibitor molecules with higher EHOMO donate more electrons while the inhibitor molecules with lower ELUMO accept more electrons, which strengthens the bonding interaction of both inhibitor agent and inhibitor additive with metal surface. Meanwhile, water molecules in the compact layer of double electric layer are repulsed and the charge transfer resistance during the corrosion process increases. Accordingly, the correlation between the frontier orbital (EHOMO and ELUMO of inhibitor molecules and the Fermi level of metal) and inhibition efficiency is determined. Finally, we propose a frontier orbital matching principle for the synergistic effect of inhibitors, which is verified by electrochemical experiments. This frontier orbital matching principle provides an effective quantum chemistry calculation method for the optimal selection of inhibitor mixture.
Programmable Potentials: Approximate N-body potentials from coarse-level logic
Authors: Thakur Gunjan S. , Mohr Ryan , Mezić Igor 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis paper gives a systematic method for constructing an N-body potential, approximating the true potential, that accurately captures meso-scale behavior of the chemical or biological system using pairwise potentials coming from experimental data or ab initio methods. The meso-scale behavior is translated into logic rules for the dynamics. Each pairwise potential has an associated logic function that is constructed using the logic rules, a class of elementary logic functions, and AND, OR, and NOT gates. The effect of each logic function is to turn its associated potential on and off. The N-body potential is constructed as linear combination of the pairwise potentials, where the “coefficients” of the potentials are smoothed versions of the associated logic functions. These potentials allow a potentially low-dimensional description of complex processes while still accurately capturing the relevant physics at the meso-scale. We present the proposed formalism to construct coarse-grained potential models for three examples: an inhibitor molecular system, bond breaking in chemical reactions, and DNA transcription from biology. The method can potentially be used in reverse for design of molecular processes by specifying properties of molecules that can carry them out.
Advent of Continents: A New Hypothesis
Authors: Tamura Yoshihiko , Sato Takeshi , Fujiwara Toshiya , Kodaira Shuichi , Nichols Alexander 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe straightforward but unexpected relationship presented here relates crustal thickness to magma type in the Izu-Ogasawara (Bonin) and Aleutian oceanic arcs. Volcanoes along the southern segment of the Izu-Ogasawara arc and the western Aleutian arc (west of Adak) are underlain by thin crust (10–20 km). In contrast those along the northern segment of the Izu-Ogasawara arc and eastern Aleutian arc are underlain by crust ~35 km thick. Interestingly, andesite magmas dominate eruptive products from the former volcanoes and mostly basaltic lavas erupt from the latter. According to the hypothesis presented here, rising mantle diapirs stall near the base of the oceanic crust at depths controlled by the thickness of the overlying crust. Where the crust is thin, melting occurs at relatively low pressures in the mantle wedge producing andesitic magmas. Where the crust is thick, melting pressures are higher and only basaltic magmas tend to be produced. The implications of this hypothesis are: (1) the rate of continental crust accumulation, which is andesitic in composition, would have been greatest soon after subduction initiated on Earth, when most crust was thin; and (2) most andesite magmas erupted on continental crust could be recycled from “primary” andesite originally produced in oceanic arcs.
BK channel agonist represents a potential therapeutic approach for lysosomal storage diseases
Authors: Zhong Xi Zoë , Sun Xue , Cao Qi , Dong Gaofeng , Schiffmann Raphael , Dong Xian-Ping 
Published: September 2016

AbstractEfficient lysosomal Ca2+ release plays an essential role in lysosomal trafficking. We have recently shown that lysosomal big conductance Ca2+-activated potassium (BK) channel forms a physical and functional coupling with the lysosomal Ca2+ release channel Transient Receptor Potential Mucolipin-1 (TRPML1). BK and TRPML1 forms a positive feedback loop to facilitate lysosomal Ca2+ release and subsequent lysosome membrane trafficking. However, it is unclear whether the positive feedback mechanism is common for other lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) and whether BK channel agonists rescue abnormal lysosomal storage in LSDs. In this study, we assessed the effect of BK agonist, NS1619 and NS11021 in a number of LSDs including NPC1, mild cases of mucolipidosis type IV (ML4) (TRPML1-F408∆), Niemann-Pick type A (NPA) and Fabry disease. We found that TRPML1-mediated Ca2+ release was compromised in these LSDs. BK activation corrected the impaired Ca2+ release in these LSDs and successfully rescued the abnormal lysosomal storage of these diseases by promoting TRPML1-mediated lysosomal exocytosis. Our study suggests that BK channel activation stimulates the TRPML1-BK positive reinforcing loop to correct abnormal lysosomal storage in LSDs. Drugs targeting BK channel represent a potential therapeutic approach for LSDs.
Next Generation Sequencing of Pooled Samples: Guideline for Variants’ Filtering
Authors: Anand Santosh , Mangano Eleonora , Barizzone Nadia , Bordoni Roberta , Sorosina Melissa , Clarelli Ferdinando , Corrado Lucia , Martinelli Boneschi Filippo , D’Alfonso Sandra , De Bellis Gianluca 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSequencing large number of individuals, which is often needed for population genetics studies, is still economically challenging despite falling costs of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). Pool-seq is an alternative cost- and time-effective option in which DNA from several individuals is pooled for sequencing. However, pooling of DNA creates new problems and challenges for accurate variant call and allele frequency (AF) estimation. In particular, sequencing errors confound with the alleles present at low frequency in the pools possibly giving rise to false positive variants. We sequenced 996 individuals in 83 pools (12 individuals/pool) in a targeted re-sequencing experiment. We show that Pool-seq AFs are robust and reliable by comparing them with public variant databases and in-house SNP-genotyping data of individual subjects of pools. Furthermore, we propose a simple filtering guideline for the removal of spurious variants based on the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test. We experimentally validated our filters by comparing Pool-seq to individual sequencing data showing that the filters remove most of the false variants while retaining majority of true variants. The proposed guideline is fairly generic in nature and could be easily applied in other Pool-seq experiments.
Endothelial to mesenchymal transition contributes to arsenic-trioxide-induced cardiac fibrosis
Authors: Zhang Yong , Wu Xianxian , Li Yang , Zhang Haiying , Li Zhange , Zhang Ying , Zhang Longyin , Ju Jiaming , Liu Xin , Chen Xiaohui , Glybochko Peter V. , Nikolenko Vladimir , Kopylov Philipp , Xu Chaoqian , Yang Baofeng 
Published: September 2016

AbstractEmerging evidence has suggested the critical role of endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in fibrotic diseases. The present study was designed to examine whether EndMT is involved in arsenic trioxide (As2O3)-induced cardiac fibrosis and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Cardiac dysfunction was observed in rats after exposure to As2O3 for 15 days using echocardiography and the deposition of collagen was detected by Masson’s trichrome staining and electron microscope. EndMT was indicated by the loss of endothelial cell markers (VE-cadherin and CD31) and the acquisition of mesenchymal cell markers (α-SMA and FSP1) determined by RT-PCR at the mRNA level and Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis at the protein level. In the in-vitro experiments, endothelial cells acquired a spindle-shaped morphology accompanying downregulation of the endothelial cell markers and upregulation of the mesenchymal cell markers when exposed to As2O3. As2O3 activated the AKT/GSK-3β/Snail signaling pathway and blocking this pathway with PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) abolished EndMT in As2O3-treated endothelial cells. Our results highlight that As2O3 is an EndMT-promoting factor during cardiac fibrosis, suggesting that targeting EndMT is beneficial for preventing As2O3-induced cardiac toxicity.
Acquisition of natural humoral immunity to P. falciparum in early life in Benin: impact of clinical, environmental and host factors
Authors: Dechavanne Célia , Sadissou Ibrahim , Bouraima Aziz , Ahouangninou Claude , Amoussa Roukiyath , Milet Jacqueline , Moutairou Kabirou , Massougbodji Achille , Theisen Michael , Remarque Edmond J. , Courtin David , Nuel Gregory , Migot-Nabias Florence , Garcia André 
Published: September 2016

AbstractTo our knowledge, effects of age, placental malaria infection, infections during follow-up, nutritional habits, sickle-cell trait and individual exposure to Anopheles bites were never explored together in a study focusing on the acquisition of malaria antibody responses among infants living in endemic areas.Five hundred and sixty-seven Beninese infants were weekly followed-up from birth to 18 months of age. Immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgG1 and IgG3 specific for 5 malaria antigens were measured every 3 months. A linear mixed model was used to analyze the effect of each variable on the acquisition of antimalarial antibodies in 6-to18-month old infants in univariate and multivariate analyses. Placental malaria, nutrition intakes and sickle-cell trait did not influence the infant antibody levels to P. falciparum antigens. In contrary, age, malaria antibody levels at birth, previous and present malaria infections as well as exposure to Anopheles bites were significantly associated with the natural acquisition of malaria antibodies in 6-to18-month old Beninese infants. This study highlighted inescapable factors to consider simultaneously in an immuno-epidemiological study or a vaccine trial in early life.
Individuals that are consistent in risk-taking benefit during collective foraging
Authors: Ioannou Christos C. , Dall Sasha R. X. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIt is well established that living in groups helps animals avoid predation and locate resources, but maintaining a group requires collective coordination, which can be difficult when individuals differ from one another. Personality variation (consistent behavioural differences within a population) is already known to be important in group interactions. Growing evidence suggests that individuals also differ in their consistency, i.e. differing in how variable they are over time, and theoretical models predict that this consistency can be beneficial in social contexts. We used three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) to test whether the consistency in, as well as average levels of, risk taking behaviour (i.e. boldness) when individuals were tested alone affects social interactions when fish were retested in groups of 2 and 4. Behavioural consistency, independently of average levels of risk-taking, can be advantageous: more consistent individuals showed higher rates of initiating group movements as leaders, more behavioural coordination by joining others as followers, and greater food consumption. Our results have implications for both group decision making, as groups composed of consistent individuals are more cohesive, and personality traits, as social interactions can have functional consequences for consistency in behaviour and hence the evolution of personality variation.
JMJD8 is a positive regulator of TNF-induced NF-κB signaling
Authors: Yeo Kok Siong , Tan Ming Cheang , Wong Wan Ying , Loh Sheng Wei , Lam Yi Lyn , Tan Chin Leng , Lim Yat-Yuen , Ea Chee-Kwee 
Published: September 2016

AbstractTNF-induced signaling mediates pleiotropic biological consequences including inflammation, immunity, cell proliferation and apoptosis. Misregulation of TNF signaling has been attributed as a major cause of chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer. Jumonji domain-containing protein 8 (JMJD8) belongs to the JmjC family. However, only part of the family members has been described as hydroxylase enzymes that function as histone demethylases. Here, we report that JMJD8 positively regulates TNF-induced NF-κB signaling. Silencing the expression of JMJD8 using RNA interference (RNAi) greatly suppresses TNF-induced expression of several NF-κB-dependent genes. Furthermore, knockdown of JMJD8 expression reduces RIP ubiquitination, IKK kinase activity, delays IκBα degradation and subsequently blocks nuclear translocation of p65. In addition, JMJD8 deficiency enhances TNF-induced apoptosis. Taken together, these findings indicate that JMJD8 functions as a positive regulator of TNF-induced NF-κB signaling.