bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wingate’s Arithmetick
Authors: Hooker J. H. 
Published: February 2017

The 5th Edition by JOHN KERSEY, Teacher of the Mathematicks, at the Sign of the Globe, in Shandois Street in Covent Garden. London 1671.This begins with an “Epistle Dedicatory” by Edm. Wingate and the Preface of John Kersey. The Table of Contents divides the whole book into three parts; one half of the first portion was Wingate’s and the other half was Kersey’s improvement upon Wingate, while nearly the whole of the second part and all the Appendix are comprised in “chapters that have been entirely composed by the said J. K.”
Settlement, Environment, and Politics in the San Bartolo-Xultun Territory, El Peten, Guatemala
Authors: Garrison Thomas G. , Dunning Nicholas P. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis article examines the cultural and ecological history of a single Maya territory from circa 1000 B.C. to A.D. 1100. An ancient Maya territory is defined as an area of land and population under the jurisdiction of a particular capital. In addition to the capital, there are minor centers, household groups, and temporary settlements, which together comprise the population of a territory. Here, the San Bartolo-Xultun territory in the northeastern Department of the Peten, Guatemala is used as a case study. During more than two thousand years of occupation the natural landscape and cultural settlement pattern changed dramatically. This study isolates major factors contributing to broad changes in local culture history by employing data from archaeology, geography, remote sensing, epigraphy, and iconography. It is argued that reconstructing regional culture histories using a conjunctive approach should be a major goal of Maya archaeology in the coming years as we strive for a more holistic understanding of the past.
Varianza Ambiental y Estabilidad del Desarrollo en la Población Prehispánica de las Pirguas (Salta, Argentina)
Authors: Medeot Erica A. , Cocilovo José A. , Varela Héctor H. 
Published: February 2017

ResumenEstudios anteriores basados en indicadores osteológicos comprobaron la existencia de un alto impacto ambiental afectando el crecimiento y desarrollo normal de los habitantes de Las Pirguas (Salta), un grupo del período agroalfarero del noroeste argentino (aproximadamente 600 d.C.), por la acción de factores nutricionales y socioculturales. Puesto que tales condiciones de vida tienen que haber comprometido además la estabilidad del desarrollo de los individuos, es apropiada su evaluación mediante el análisis de la repetibilidad (r) de mediciones bilaterales del cráneo y de su complemento (1 - r) la varianza ambiental especial. Se empleó una muestra de 60 individuos y la observación de 21 variables bilaterales del cráneo, habiéndose controlado el error intraobservador. Los resultados indican la existencia de diferencias bilaterales significativas a favor del lado derecho en las dimensiones: NA-FMO, PT-FMT, BRE-AS y PO-BRE, mientras que las restantes variables presentan promedios semejantes. Los individuos adultos poseen una repetibilidad media (.744 ± .025), menor en un 19.3 por ciento a la de los infantiles (.922 ± .013), y comparativamente más baja con respecto a otras poblaciones del Área Andina Centro Meridional. Estos resultados confirman el perfil de vida marginal y de extremas exigencias ambientales bajo las cuales vivió esta población.
Comentario Sobre “Montículos de la Cuenca de la Laguna Merín: Tiempo, Espacio, y Sociedad”
Authors: Iriarte José , Holst Irene , Marozzi Oscar , Listotad Claudia , Alonso Eduardo , Rinderknecht Andrés , Montaña Juan 
Published: February 2017

ResumenEn el apéndice de su articulo reciente, Bracco (2006:511-540) realiza una serie de comentarios e interpretaciones de la evidencia científica interdisciplinaria producida por nuestro equipo en el sitio de Los Ajos en el sureste de Uruguay. Entre otras cosas, Bracco nos imputa: (a) de haber retrocedido la problemática de investigación en el área veinte años atrás, (b) de desconocer los trabajos anteriores realizados en la región, (c) de forzar nuestros datos paleoambientales a la secuencia cultural, y (d) de alegar, sin evidencia, la naturaleza doméstica de los montículos durante el período Montículo Precerámico en Los Ajos. En este comentario, nosotros respondemos a las alegaciones de Bracco.
A unique Pd-catalysed Heck arylation as a remote trigger for cyclopropane selective ring-opening
Authors: Singh Sukhdev , Bruffaerts Jeffrey , Vasseur Alexandre , Marek Ilan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCombining functionalization at a distant position from a reactive site with the creation of several consecutive stereogenic centres, including the formation of a quaternary carbon stereocentre, in acyclic system represents a pinnacle in organic synthesis. Here we report the regioselective Heck arylation of terminal olefins as a distant trigger for the ring-opening of cyclopropanes. This Pd-catalysed unfolding of the strained cycle, driving force of the chain-walking process, remarkably proved its efficiency and versatility, as the reaction proceeded regardless of the molecular distance between the initiation (double bond) and termination (alcohol) sites. Moreover, employing stereodefined polysubstituted cyclopropane vaults allowed to access sophisticated stereoenriched acyclic scaffolds in good yields. Conceptually, we demonstrated that merging catalytically a chain walking process with a selective C–C bond cleavage represents a powerful approach to construct linear skeleton possessing two stereogenic centres.
Barcoded nanoparticles for high throughput in vivo discovery of targeted therapeutics
Authors: Dahlman James E. , Kauffman Kevin J. , Xing Yiping , Shaw Taylor E. , Mir Faryal F. , Dlott Chloe C. , Langer Robert , Anderson Daniel G. , Wang Eric T. 
Published: February 2017

Significance
The effectiveness of nucleic acid drugs is limited by inefficient delivery to target tissues and cells and by unwanted accumulation in off-target organs. Although thousands of chemically distinct nanoparticles can be synthesized, nanoparticles designed to deliver nucleic acids in vivo were first tested in cell culture, yielding poor predictions for delivery in vivo. To facilitate testing of many nanoparticles in vivo, we designed and optimized a high-throughput DNA barcoding system to simultaneously measure nucleic acid delivery mediated by dozens of distinct nanoparticles in a single mouse. This nano-barcoding system can be used to study hundreds, or even thousands, of nanoparticles directly in vivo and could dramatically accelerate the discovery and understanding of nanoparticle drug delivery systems.
We are all translators
Authors: Whyatt Bogusława 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This paper shares some observations and data about the human ability to translate as described in detail in Whyatt (2012). Setting off from an assumption that the human mind is intrinsically a translating mind, the human ability to translate can be viewed in its developmental continuum from the predisposition to translate to expertise in translation. Choosing this developmental perspective has a number of assets. First, it allows encompassing all the forms and facets of translation as a widespread social phenomenon in today’s multilingual and multicultural communities. Second, it allows seeing the development of the human ability to translate in response to the experience of translation in which external social factors come to interact with cognitive factors within the translating individual. Third, it encourages an all-inclusive approach to the study of translation as a human ability performed by professional and frequently invisible and unacknowledged non-professional translators.
Beyond the professional scope?
Authors: Grbić Nadja 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Traditionally, research on interlingual occurrences of sign language has focused on sign language interpreting. However, social practice has changed, not least as a result of the development in communication technologies and the increasing accessibility of audiovisual media. In this context, sign language translation, i.e. the production of recorded signed texts based on written source texts, has witnessed a steady increase, particularly in translations of websites, tests, literature, etc. This paper begins with a short description of the development of sign language translation, leading to a presentation of some typological questions related to sign language translation with a focus on some of the problems that arise when activities span the supposed boundary between translation and interpreting. The second part of the paper is a presentation of a case study demonstrating the textual and social challenges faced by a team of untrained and inexperienced sign language translators in the course of their first translation assignment. The project in question was the translation of the Austrian Jewish Museum’s website into Austrian Sign Language.
Bilingual youngsters’ perceptions of their role as family interpreters
Authors: Angelelli Claudia V. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Bilingual youngsters play a crucial role in brokering communication for monolingual adults. The truth is that this role has not been measured. This paper discusses the scientific measurement of bilingual youngsters’ perceptions of their role as family interpreters/translators. After reviewing the relevant literature and the sociological factors that result in bilingual youngsters engaging in language brokering, we discuss the construction, adaptation, and potential administration of a valid and reliable instrument, IPRI Junior. This instrument could reveal important information on bilinguals who have had experiences in language brokering. It is important to obtain this information empirically as various conversations on access, education, and future career may be based on this unique ability that gifted bilinguals possess. Most importantly, learning about the choices that bilinguals make when brokering communication will reveal their perceptions of their agency and talent in detail.
Through the children’s voice
Authors: Antonini Rachele 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Because of the lack of provision of language services and for cultural reasons, immigrants very often choose to entrust their children with the task of translating for them. In this paper, we will discuss results from a wide-scale study carried out by the In MedIO PUER(I) research group1 of the University of Bologna aimed at assessing the main attitudes towards and opinions on child language brokering (CLB) held by the primary actors involved in this form of linguistic and cultural mediation: children of immigrant families attending primary and middle schools in the Forlì-Cesena province of the Emilia Romagna region. The analysis of the narratives they produced and submitted will provide a detailed description of the language brokering activities, in which children are involved, and will illustrate their feelings towards CLB, thus providing an insight into the impact that CLB has on their lives.
Not just child’s play
Authors: Napier Jemina 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This paper situates the discussion of child language brokering (CLB) within the wider context of interpreting studies and discussions of bilingualism and professional interpreting, and provides an overview of a groundbreaking international survey study that sought to collect information about CLB experiences of people who have grown up bilingual in the Deaf community using a sign language and a spoken language. In order to contextualize the study,1 a review of relevant literature will be given, before describing the survey instrument used, the results and implications of the findings will be provided, and a conclusion with recommendations for the sign language interpreting profession and future research will be drawn.
Ionizing Radiation Effects in Ni Nanotubes
Authors: Shlimas D , Kozlovsky A , Shumskaya A , Kaniukov E , Ibragimova M , Zdorovets M , Kadyrzhanov K 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Polycrystalline nickel nanotubes with diameter of 380 nm and wall thickness 95 nm were synthesized by electrochemical method using PET track-etched membranes with thickness of 12 μm. A comprehensive study of the structural, morphological and electrical characteristics of Ni nanotubes irradiated with C+13 ions with energy 1.75 MeV/nucleon and fluence ranging from 109 to 5 × 1011 cm-2 was carried out. The ability of modification of structural parameters such as lattice parameter and the average size of crystallites and conductivity of Ni nanotubes by irradiation was shown.
Concomitant Primary CNS Lymphoma and FSH-Pituitary Adenoma Arising Within the Sella. Entirely Coincidental?
Authors: Ban Vin Shen , Chaudhary Bedansh Roy , Allinson Kieren , Santarius Thomas , Kirollos Ramez Wadie 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE: Collision tumors are the simultaneous occurrence of more than one type of neoplasm within an anatomic space. In the pituitary sella, collision tumors are exceedingly rare, and not much is known about their etiology and prognosis.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 74-year-old man presented with a concomitant primary pituitary lymphoma (diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; DLBCL) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-adenoma diagnosed histologically after clinical features of apoplexy prompted urgent surgical decompression and resection. Strong immunoreactivity for FSH by the lymphoma was evident. Full-body workup demonstrated no other source for the lymphoma. He subsequently underwent 4 cycles of chemotherapy and has been in remission for over 32 months. His ophthalmoplegia at presentation persisted with no further deficits.

CONCLUSIONS: Four cases of collision tumors of primary pituitary lymphoma and adenoma have previously been reported. This case represents the first combination of an FSH-adenoma and a DLBCL in the literature. Prompt involvement of the hematology-oncology team contributed to the good outcome seen in this case. The putative role played by pituitary hormones in tumorigenesis is reviewed in this case report. The association is either a chance occurrence or due to the induction of lymphoma cell proliferation by the binding of FSH produced by the adenoma to the FSH receptors on the lymphoma cells.
Positron Emission Tomographic Cerebral Perfusion Disturbances and Transcranial Doppler Findings among Patients with Neurological Deterioration after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Minhas Pawan S. , Menon David K. , Smielewski Piotr , Czosnyka Marek , Kirkpatrick Peter J. , Clark John C. , Pickard John D. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
After aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, approximately 30% of patients experience delayed neurological deficits, related in part to arterial vasospasm and dysautoregulation. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography is commonly used to noninvasively detect arterial vasospasm. We studied cerebral perfusion patterns and associated TCD indices for 25 patients who developed clinical signs of delayed neurological deficits.

METHODS
Patients were treated in a neurosurgical intensive care unit and were studied if they exhibited delayed focal or global neurological deterioration. Positron emission tomographic cerebral blood flow (CBF) studies and TCD studies measuring the mean flow velocity (FV) of the middle cerebral artery and the middle cerebral artery FV/internal carotid artery FV ratio (with the internal carotid artery FV being measured extracranially at the cranial base) were performed. Glasgow Outcome Scale scores were assessed at 6 months.

RESULTS
A markedly heterogeneous pattern of CBF distribution was observed, with hyperemia, normal CBF values, and reduced flow being observed among patients with delayed neurological deficits. TCD indices were not indicative of the cerebral perfusion findings. The mean CBF value was slightly lower for patients who did not survive (32.3 ml/100 g/min), compared with those who did survive (36.0 ml/100 g/min, P= 0.05).

CONCLUSION
Among patients who developed delayed neurological deficits after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, a wide range of cerebral perfusion disturbances was observed, calling into question the traditional concept of large-vessel vasospasm. Commonly used TCD indices do not reflect cerebral perfusion values.
Packing of Intervertebral Spaces with Oxidized Regenerated Cellulose to Prevent the Recurrence of Lumbar Disc Herniation
Authors: Mastronardi Luciano , Puzzilli Fabrizio 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the impact of packing of intervertebral spaces with oxidized regenerated cellulose (ORC) on the incidence of recurrence of lumbar disc herniation (LDH).

METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed 158 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for a newly diagnosed LDH and had a minimum of 18 months of follow-up. Single-level (151 patients) and two-level (7 patients) procedures accounted for 165 microdiscectomies. After microsurgical removal of disc herniation and curettage, the interspaces were tightly packed with ORC.

RESULTS
The average hospital stay was 1.47 days, without any relevant and permanent complications. In particular, complications related to intervertebral ORC packing were never observed. At a median follow-up of 29 months (range, 18–51 mo), the pain decreased or disappeared in almost all patients and the patient satisfaction rate was very high. A recurrence of LDH was observed in two patients (1.34%), both of whom needed a second operation. Three patients (2.01%) experienced a disc herniation involving another intervertebral space.

CONCLUSION
Our preliminary results suggest that the packing of intervertebral spaces with ORC at the end of microdiscectomy is a safe technique that may reduce the incidence of recurrent LDHs, although the true impact of this technique on long-term follow-up is still unclear. At the moment, it seems reasonable to assume that this technique should be used only under the auspices of large clinical investigations with prospective and randomized protocols.
Anatomic and Clinical Study of the Orbitopterional Approach to Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms
Authors: Andaluz Norberto , van Loveren Harry R. , Keller Jeffrey T. , Zuccarello Mario 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the orbitopterional approach to anterior communicating artery (AComA) aneurysms, on the basis of the quantification of this surgical exposure, compared with the pterional approach, in a cadaveric study and a retrospective review of data for 40 patients who underwent clipping of AComA aneurysms via the orbitopterional approach.

METHODS
In an anatomic study, four cadaveric heads underwent pterional craniotomies on the left side and orbitopterional craniotomies on the right side. A fifth head was initially subjected to bilateral pterional craniotomies and then underwent bilateral orbital osteotomies, for direct comparison of these approaches. Using frameless stereotaxy, we quantified the angles of exposure and surgical field depths provided by the pterional and orbitopterional craniotomies. In a clinical study, 40 patients who underwent clipping of AComA aneurysms via orbitopterional approaches were evaluated for basal brain injury, the need for resection of the gyrus rectus, dissection of the sylvian fissure, and approach-related complications. The incidence of postoperative hydrocephalus among patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage who underwent lamina terminalis fenestration was also reviewed.

RESULTS
The angles of observation were increased 46% in the axial plane (orbitopterional, 72.92 ± 6.57 degrees; pterional, 49.75 ± 2.27 degrees; P&lt; 0.01) and 137.5% in the projection plane (orbitopterional, 8 ± 2.19 degrees; pterional, 19 ± 1.78 degrees; P&lt; 0.01). The surgical window depth was decreased 13% with the orbitopterional approach (P&lt; 0.05). Clinically, there was no incidence of frontobasal hypodensities on postoperative computed tomographic scans. Three patients (7.5%) required resection of the gyrus rectus. No patient required sylvian fissure dissection for aneurysm exposure. Two of 29 patients (6.9%) who survived subarachnoid hemorrhage required ventriculoperitoneal shunts despite lamina terminalis fenestration. No approach-related complications were recognized.

CONCLUSION
The orbitopterional approach improved the observation of the AComA complex and seemed to decrease the risk of intraoperative brain damage.
Mechanisms of Axonal Degeneration and Regeneration
Authors: Li Jiaxing , Collins Catherine A. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
In the face of acute or chronic axonal damage, neurons and their axons undergo a number of molecular, cellular, and morphological changes. These changes facilitate two types of responses, axonal degeneration and regeneration, both of which are remarkably conserved in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Invertebrate model organisms, including Drosophila and C. elegans, have offered a powerful platform with accessible genetic tools for manipulation and amenable nervous system for visualization. Thus far, several critical components and pathways in axonal degeneration and regeneration have been identified in invertebrate studies, including Sarm and Wallenda/DLK. This article highlights important findings in Drosophila, C. elegans, and other invertebrate injury models that have shed light upon the mechanism in axonal injury response.
An Analysis of the Relationship Between the Utilization of Physical Therapy Services and Outcomes for Patients With Acute Stroke
Authors: Freburger Janet K 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Background and Purpose. Little research has been conducted on the outcomes of care for people who have had a stroke. In this study, the relationship between physical therapy utilization and outcomes of care for patients with acute stroke was examined. Subjects. The sample consisted of 6,342 patients treated in US academic health center hospitals in 1996 who survived their inpatient stay and received physical therapy. Methods. The primary data source was the University HealthSystem Consortium Clinical Data Base. Physical therapy use was assessed by examining physical therapy charges. Outcomes of care were assessed in terms of the total cost of care (ie, whether the cost of care was more costly or less costly than expected, taking into account patient characteristics) and in terms of discharge destination (ie, whether the patient was discharged home or elsewhere). Regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between physical therapy use and outcomes. Results. Physical therapy use was directly related to a total cost of care that was less than expected and to an increased probability of discharge home. Conclusion and Discussion. The results of this study provide preliminary evidence to support the use of physical therapy in the acute care of patients with strokes and indicate the need for further study of this topic.