bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In-Depth Review of Symptoms, Triggers, and Surgical Deactivation of Frontal Migraine Headaches (Site I)
Authors: Kurlander David E. , Ascha Mona , Sattar Abdus , Guyuron Bahman 
Published: August 2016

Background:
This study reports details of the technique and assesses efficacy of surgical deactivation of frontal migraine headaches. In addition, this study examines the effect of surgical deactivation of frontal migraine headaches on migraine triggers and associated symptoms besides the pain.

Methods:
Charts of 270 patients undergoing surgery performed by a single surgeon for frontal migraine headaches, who were followed for at least 1 year, were analyzed. Median regression adjusted for age, sex, and follow-up time was used to determine postoperative reduction in frontal-specific Migraine Headache Index, which is the product of duration, frequency, and severity. Reduction in migraine-days, which is the product of duration and frequency, was also measured. The association between individual symptom or trigger resolution and frontal-specific Migraine Headache Index reduction was studied by logistic regression. Details of the surgical treatment are discussed and complication rates are reported.

Results:
Eighty-six percent of patients reported a successful operation (≥50 percent improvement of frontal-specific Migraine Headache Index) at least 12 months after surgery (mean follow-up, 3 years). Eighty-four percent of patients had a successful operation as measured by migraine-days. Fifty-seven percent of patients reported complete elimination of frontal migraine headaches. Symptoms resolving with successful site I surgery beyond the headaches include visual aura and blurred or double vision (p < 0.05). Triggers resolving with successful site I surgery include fatigue, weather change, and missed meals (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Surgical deactivation of frontal migraine headaches provides long-lasting migraine relief. Successful site I surgery is associated with changes in specific symptoms and triggers. This information can assist in trigger avoidance and contribute to constellations used for frontal migraine headache trigger-site identification.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Current Uses of Botulinum Neurotoxins in Plastic Surgery
Authors: Noland Marie E. , Lalonde Donald H. , Yee G. Jackie , Rohrich Rod J. 
Published: August 2016

Learning Objectives:After reading this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Recognize the various types of botulinum toxins and their differences. 2. Identify current indications, both approved and off-label. 3. Inject botulinum toxin to counteract various natural aging processes, including facial descent and rhytides.Summary:Botulinum neurotoxin is a naturally synthesized microbial protein that has been applied in the management of various disorders. In particular, its application within the realm of plastic surgery is addressed in this article. After evaluating the medical literature, the seven indications with the highest quality trials for the use of botulinum neurotoxin in plastic surgery were as follows: rhytides, facial dystonias, facial nerve palsy and aberrant regeneration, hand tremor, palmar hyperhidrosis, neuropathic pain, and upper limb spasticity.
The Deep Temporal Nerve Transfer: An Anatomical Feasibility Study and Implications for Upper Facial Reanimation
Authors: Dauwe Phillip B. , Hembd Austin , De La Concha-Blankenagel Erika , Saba Salim , White Charles , Cardenas-Mejia Alexander , Rozen Shai M. 
Published: August 2016

Background:
Facial paralysis has a profound impact on the brow, and currently static procedures are the mainstay of treatment. The deep temporal branches of the trigeminal nerve, given their proximity to the brow, may serve as possible donor nerves for both potential innervation of a free muscle transfer in patients with prolonged facial palsy or nerve transfers in acute or subacute palsy. As such, the authors present the detailed surgical anatomy of the deep temporal nerve, assessing feasibility for both functional muscle and nerve transfers, including a proposed surgical technique.

Methods:
Thirty cadaver hemifaces were dissected to establish deep temporal nerve anatomy and perform axonal analysis.

Results:
Two (53 percent) or three (47 percent) divisions of the deep temporal nerve were noted, with the most consistent division being the middle division (30 of 30 specimens). This division was consistently found approximately 4.1 cm (range, 3.7 to 4.5 cm) anterior to the tragus at the level of the zygomatic arch. For each 1 cm cranial to the arch, the nerve courses approximately 1 mm posteriorly. The number of axons in the proposed temporal branch is 1469 as it emerges from behind the zygomatic arch, 889 at 1 cm, 682 at 2 cm, 534 at 3 cm, 355 at 4 cm, 377 at 5 cm, and 256 at 6 cm.

Conclusion:
Given its anatomical consistency, and expendability, the middle division of the deep temporal nerve is a viable donor nerve for dynamic upper facial reanimation with either nerve transfer or functional muscle transfer, depending on the length of facial palsy.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, V.
The Medical Mission and Modern Core Competency Training: A 10-Year Follow-Up of Resident Experiences in Global Plastic Surgery
Authors: Yao Caroline A. , Swanson Jordan , McCullough Meghan , Taro Trisa B. , Gutierrez Ricardo , Bradshaw Allison , Campbell Alex , Magee William P. , Magee William P. 
Published: August 2016

Background:
The emphasis on cultural competency for physicians and surgeons is increasingly important, as communication with both patients and other providers significantly affects individual and system-wide outcomes. International surgical training has been shown to improve leadership skills, cultural competency, and technical proficiency of participants in short-term follow-up. This study explores the long-term impact of international surgical mission experiences on developing participants’ core competencies, professional outcomes, and commitment to global health.

Methods:
All 208 plastic and reconstructive surgeons who completed the Operation Smile Regan/Stryker fellowship programs between 2006 and 2015 were surveyed electronically.

Results:
One hundred sixty-five surveys were returned, for an overall response rate of 79.3 percent. The majority of participants reported that the fellowship positively impacted all six Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education core competencies. Most participants who were attending physicians at the time of the survey were practicing general plastic surgery, with 42 percent in an academic/teaching environment, 32 percent in assistant/associate professor positions, and 6 percent in either a program director or department chairman position. The majority currently volunteer on local or international missions, and all respondents would consider volunteering again.

Conclusions:
Carefully structured and rigorously proctored programs such as the Regan/Stryker Fellowship offer plastic surgery residents the opportunity to gain valuable professional and personal experiences that benefit them long after their service experience. Programs of this nature can not only effectively improve cultural competency of physicians, but also positively influence their attitudes toward leadership and direct that potential to meet the growing need for surgical care in low- and middle-income countries.
Liposuction-Assisted Short-Scar Brachioplasty: Technical Highlights
Authors: Hill Sean , Small Kevin H. , Pezeshk Ronnie A. , Rohrich Rod J. 
Published: August 2016

Summary:
Upper arm contouring is based on the location and amount of excess skin and fat. The short-scar brachioplasty addresses minimal to moderate skin laxity and lipodystrophy in the proximal arm in patients with appropriate skin tone and quality. This article highlights technical refinements of the senior author’s (R.J.R.) approach to short-scar medial liposuction-assisted brachioplasty to maximize results and minimize incision length. To highlight this simple and safe approach with high patient/surgeon satisfaction, the authors discuss the following in this Video Plus article: patient examination, preoperative assessment, surgical pearls, and postoperative outcomes.
Lengthening Temporalis Myoplasty: Virtual Animation-Assisted Technical Video
Authors: Aljudaibi Nawaf , Bennis Yasmine , Duquennoy-Martinot Veronique , Labbé Daniel , Guerreschi Pierre 
Published: August 2016

Summary:
Lengthening temporalis myoplasty is a well-established procedure for dynamic palliative reanimation of the lip in facial palsy sequelae. The particularity of this technique is that the entire temporal muscle is transferred from the coronoid process to the upper half of the lip without interposition of aponeurotic tissue. To date, no video describing the technique was available. This is the first video describing the entire procedure, from preoperative markings through postoperative rehabilitation. In the video presented herein, the authors craft virtual three-dimensional animations in addition to a live operation on a patient performed by Daniel Labbé, who first described this technique 20 years ago.
HLA-MA: Simple yet powerful matching of samples using HLA typing results
Authors: Messerschmidt Clemens , Holtgrewe Manuel , Beule Dieter 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSummaryWe propose the simple method HLA-MA for consistency checking in pipelines operating on human HTS data. The method is based on the HLA typing result of the state-of-the-art method Opti-Type. Provided that there is sufficient coverage of the HLA loci, comparing HLA types allows for simple, fast, and robust matching of samples from whole genome, exome, and RNA-seq data. This approach is reliable for sample re-identification even for samples with high mutational loads, e.g., caused by microsatellite instability or POLE1 defects.Availability and ImplementationThe software is implemented In Python 3 and freely available under the MIT license athttps://github.com/bihealth/hlamaand via Bioconda.Contactdieter.beule@bihealth.de
Inference of direction, diversity, and frequency of HIV-1 transmission using approximate Bayesian computation
Authors: Romero-Severson Ethan O. , Bulla Ingo , Hengartner Nick , Bártolo Inês , Abecasis Ana , Azevedo-Pereira José M. , Taveira Nuno , Leitner Thomas 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTDiversity of the founding population of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) transmissions raises many important biological, clinical, and epidemiological issues. In up to 40% of sexual infections there is clear evidence for multiple founding variants, which can influence the efficacy of putative prevention methods and the reconstruction of epidemiologic histories. To measure the diversity of the founding population and to compute the probability of alternative transmission scenarios, while explicitly taking phylogenetic uncertainty into account, we created an Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) method based on a set of statistics measuring phylogenetic topology, branch lengths, and genetic diversity. We applied our method to a heterosexual transmission pair showing a complex paraphyletic-polyphyletic donor-recipient phylogenetic topology. We found evidence identifying the donor that was consistent with the known facts of the case (Bayes factor >20). We also found that while the evidence for ongoing transmission between the pair was as good or better than the singular transmission event model, it was only viable when the rate of ongoing transmission was implausibly high (~1/day). We concluded that the singular transmission model, which was able to estimate the diversity of the founding population (mean 7% substitutions/site), was more biologically plausible. Our study provides a formal inference framework to investigate HIV-1 direction, diversity, and frequency of transmission. The ability to measure the diversity of founding populations in both simple and complex transmission situations is essential to understanding the relationship between the phylogeny and epidemiology of HIV-1 as well as in efforts developing new prevention technologies.
RNA-Dependent Synthesis of Mammalian mRNA: Identification of Chimeric Intermediate and Putative End Product
Authors: Rits Sophia , Olsen Bjorn R. , Volloch Vladimir 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTOur initial understanding of the flow of protein-encoding genetic information, DNA to RNA to protein, a process defined as the “central dogma of molecular biology”, was eventually amended to account for the information back-flow from RNA to DNA (reverse transcription), and for its “side-flow” from RNA to RNA (RNA-dependent RNA synthesis, RdRs). These processes, both potentially leading to protein production, were described only in viral systems, and although putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) was shown to be present, and RdRs to occur, in most, if not all, mammalian cells, its function was presumed to be restricted to regulatory. Here we report the occurrence of protein-encoding RNA to RNA information transfer in mammalian cells. We describe below the detection, by next generation sequencing (NGS), of a chimeric doublestranded/pinhead intermediate containing both sense and antisense globin RNA strands covalently joined in a predicted and uniquely defined manner, whose cleavage at the pinhead would result in the generation of an endproduct containing the intact coding region of the original mRNA. We also describe the identification of the putative end product of RNA-dependent globin mRNA amplification. It is heavily modified, uniformly truncated at both untranslated regions (UTRs), terminates with the OH group at the 5’ end, consistent with a cleavagegenerated 5’ terminus, and its massive cellular amount is unprecedented for a conventional mRNA transcription product. It also translates in a cell-free system into polypeptides indistinguishable from the translation product of conventional globin mRNA. The physiological significance of the mammalian mRNA amplification, which might operate during terminal differentiation and in the production of highly abundant rapidly generated proteins such as some collagens or other components of extracellular matrix, with every genome-originated mRNA molecule acting as a potential template, as well as possible implications, including physiologically occurring intracellular PCR process, iPCR, are discussed in the paper.
Modeling time-series data from microbial communities
Authors: Ridenhour Benjamin J , Brooker Sarah L , Williams Janet E , Van Leuven James T , Miller Aaron W , Dearing M Denise , Remien Christopher H 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAs sequencing technologies have advanced, the amount of information regarding the composition of bacterial communities from various environments (e.g. skin, soil) has grown exponentially. To date, most work has focused on cataloging taxa present in samples and determining whether the distribution of taxa shifts with exogenous covariates. However, important questions regarding how taxa interact with each other and their environment remain open, thus preventing in-depth ecological understanding of microbiomes. Time-series data from 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing are becoming more common within microbial ecology, but given the ‘big data’ nature of these studies, there are currently no methods capable of utilizing the breadth of the data to infer ecological interactions from these longitudinal data. We address this gap by presenting a method of analysis using Poisson regression fit with an elastic-net penalty that 1) takes advantage of the fact that the data are time series; 2) constrains estimates to allow for the possibility of many more interactions than data; and 3) is scalable enough to handle data consisting of thousands of taxa. We test the method on gut microbiome data from white-throated woodrats (Neotoma albigula) that were fed varying amounts of the plant secondary compound oxalate over a period of 22 days to estimate interactions between OTUs and their environment.
Newborn chicks show inherited variability in early social predispositions for hen-like stimuli
Authors: Versace Elisabetta , Fracasso Ilaria , Baldan Gabriele , Zotte Antonella Dalle , Vallortigara Giorgio 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPredispositions of newborn vertebrates to preferentially attend to living beings and learn about them are pervasive. Their disturbance (e.g. in human neonates at risk for autism), may compromise the proper development of a social brain. The genetic bases of such predispositions are unknown. Here we take advantage of well-known visual preferences exhibited by newly-hatched domestic chicks (Gallus gallus) for the head/neck region of their mother hen, to investigate the presence of segregating variation in the predispositions to approach a stuffed henvs.a scrambled version of it. We compared the spontaneous preferences of three different breeds that have been maintained genetically isolated for at least eighteen years and identically raised in the same farm. Visually-naïve chicks of all the three tested breeds (Padovana, Polverara and Robusta maculata) showed the same initial preference for the predisposed stimulus, suggesting that the direction of the initial preference might be genetically fixed. A few minutes later though, striking differences emerged between breeds, which could indicate early different strategies of dealing with affiliative objects: while the Polverara breed maintained a constant preference across the entire test, the Padovana and Robusta breeds progressively explored the alternative stimulus more. We argue that exploration of novelty might help chicks to look for responsive parental objects and to form a more structured representation of the mother hen. We hence documented the presence of inherited genetic variability for early social predisposition in interaction with environmental stimuli.
The state’s position in international agricultural commodity trade
Authors: Cai Hongbo , Song Yuanyuan 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to apply an analysis of complex networks to empirically research international agricultural commodity trade and countries’ trading relations. The structure of global agricultural commodity trade is quantitatively described and analysed.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on statistical physics and graph theory, the research paradigm of a complex network, which has sprung up in the last decade, provides us with new global perspective to discuss the topic of international trade, especially agricultural commodity trade. In this paper, the authors engage in the issue of countries’ positions in international agricultural commodity trade using the latest complex network theories. The authors at first time introduce the improved bootstrap percolation to simulate cascading influences following the breaking down of bilateral agricultural commodity trade relations.

Findings
On a mid-level structure, countries are classified into three communities that reflect the structure of the “core/periphery” using the weighted extremal optimisation algorithm and the coarse graining process. On a micro-level, countries’ rankings are provided with the aid of network’s node centralities, which presents world agricultural commodity trade as a closed, imbalanced, diversified and multi-polar development.

Originality/value
The authors at first time introduce the improved bootstrap percolation to simulate cascading influences following the breaking down of bilateral agricultural commodity trade relations.
Convergence and mobility of rural household income in China
Authors: Li Shi , Cheong Tsun Se 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study convergence and income mobility of China’s rural households.

Design/methodology/approach
The data of rural household income per capita are employed to compute the transitional dynamics in the rural sector. The analyses are conducted at two spatial levels, namely, the national and provincial levels. Ergodic distributions are computed to provide a forecast of future income distributions, whereas Mobility Probability Plots are constructed to offer detailed information on the transitional dynamics.

Findings
The income distributions are found to have considerable persistence. Another finding is that most of the households (except the extremely low-income households) have a tendency of moving downwards in the income distribution though they are more likely to remain in the same levels of relative income because of their high persistence. Convergence to a unimodal income distribution is possible in the long run, however, the households will converge to a value which is far below China’s per capita gross domestic product.

Research limitations/implications
Since a lot of the rural households would congregate to the lower part of the income distribution if the transitional dynamics remain unchanged, therefore, it calls for government intervention.

Practical implications
More resources should be diverted to the rural sector.

Social implications
The finding also shows that the provinces have very different transitional dynamics even if they are situated in the same economic zone. Thus, the government should formulate province-specific development polices so as to promote greater equality.

Originality/value
Given that no recent research has been conducted on convergence and transitional dynamics of rural household income. Therefore, this paper attempts to fill the gap in the literature by investigating the pattern and future development of rural household income in China through the use of stochastic kernel approach.
Realizing targeted poverty alleviation in China
Authors: Li Yuheng , Su Baozhong , Liu Yansui 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
The Chinese Government initiates the targeted poverty alleviation strategy to lift 70.17 million population out of poverty in five years time until 2020. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how the targeted poverty alleviation policy was implemented. The investigation focusses on the people’s voices, implementation challenges and implications for policy making and improvement.

Design/methodology/approach
A nationwide survey covering 2,075 households in 22 impoverished counties of 13 provinces was carried out in August, 2015, providing rich statistics and evidence for the paper. Literature review of China’s poverty alleviation history is also made to lay a research basis for the study.

Findings
There are diverse needs of the impoverished households of different ages and different poverty causes. The defects of the policy are revealed such as the impractical way of accurate poverty identification, the existence of poverty-returning problem and passive poverty alleviation.

Originality/value
The study of the paper investigates the current challenges for carrying out the targeted poverty alleviation and indicates implications for policy improvement. These contribute to the effectiveness and efficiency of the targeted poverty alleviation policy in China.