bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A scale‐down mimic for mapping the process performance of centrifugation, depth and sterile filtration
Authors: Joseph Adrian , Kenty Brian , Mollet Michael , Hwang Kenneth , Rose Steven , Goldrick Stephen , Bender Jean , Farid Suzanne S. , Titchener‐Hooker Nigel 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTIn the production of biopharmaceuticals disk‐stack centrifugation is widely used as a harvest step for the removal of cells and cellular debris. Depth filters followed by sterile filters are often then employed to remove residual solids remaining in the centrate. Process development of centrifugation is usually conducted at pilot‐scale so as to mimic the commercial scale equipment but this method requires large quantities of cell culture and significant levels of effort for successful characterization. A scale‐down approach based upon the use of a shear device and a bench‐top centrifuge has been extended in this work towards a preparative methodology that successfully predicts the performance of the continuous centrifuge and polishing filters. The use of this methodology allows the effects of cell culture conditions and large‐scale centrifugal process parameters on subsequent filtration performance to be assessed at an early stage of process development where material availability is limited. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1934–1941. © 2016 The Authors. Biotechnology and Bioengineering Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genetic variants and expression study of FOXP3 gene in acute coronary syndrome in Iranian patients
Authors: Gholami Milad , Esfandiary Ali , Vatanparast Masoumeh , Mirfakhraie Reza , Hosseini Mir Mohsen , Ghafouri‐Fard Soudeh 
Published: March 2016

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is the most serious form of coronary artery disease. Inflammatory processes participate in different stages of this disorder. FOXP3 gene plays an important role for the development and function of regulatory T cells. Consequently, the expression level and polymorphisms of this gene have been studied in many immune related diseases. In the present study, we analysed the expression of FOXP3 as well as the association between two variants in this gene (rs3761548A/C and rs5902434del/ATT) and occurrence of ACS in Iranian patients. FOXP3 expression analysis showed a significant decrease in patients with ACS compared with controls (P = 0.029). In addition, a significant decrease has been detected in female patients compared with normal female subjects (P = 0.020). No significant change has been observed in FOXP3 expression in male patients compared with normal male subjects. In addition, no difference has been detected between ACS and normal subjects in combined genotype frequencies of both polymorphisms and the allele frequencies of rs5902434. However, rs3761548 C allele was more prevalent in controls compared with patients with ACS (P = 0.024). Consequently, our data demonstrated that FOXP3 expression is markedly decreased in female patients with ACS, which highlight the role of immune responses in plaque destabilization in such patients. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Significance ParagraphConsidering the role of immune system in different stages of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), we evaluated the expression of FOXP3 gene as a master regulator of immune response in these patients compared with normal subjects. We detected a significant down‐regulation of this gene in patients with ACS. Such decreased expression was more prominent in female patients, which implies the role of immune responses in plaque destabilization in such patients.
Development of Anionically Decorated Caged Neurotransmitters: In Vitro Comparison of 7‐Nitroindolinyl‐ and 2‐(p‐Phenyl‐o‐nitrophenyl)propyl‐Based Photochemical Probes
Authors: Kantevari Srinivas , Passlick Stefan , Kwon Hyung‐Bae , Richers Matthew T. , Sabatini Bernardo L. , Ellis‐Davies Graham C. R. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractNeurotransmitter uncaging, especially that of glutamate, has been used to study synaptic function for over 30 years. One limitation of caged glutamate probes is the blockade of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐A receptor function. This problem comes to the fore when the probes are applied at the high concentrations required for effective two‐photon photolysis. To mitigate such problems one could improve the photochemical properties of caging chromophores and/or remove receptor blockade. We show that addition of a dicarboxylate unit to the widely used 4‐methoxy‐7‐nitroindolinyl‐Glu (MNI‐Glu) system reduced the off‐target effects by about 50–70 %. When the same strategy was applied to an electron‐rich 2‐(p‐Phenyl‐o‐nitrophenyl)propyl (PNPP) caging group, the pharmacological improvements were not as significant as in the MNI case. Finally, we used very extensive biological testing of the PNPP‐caged Glu (more than 250 uncaging currents at single dendritic spines) to show that nitro‐biphenyl caging chromophores have two‐photon uncaging efficacies similar to that of MNI‐Glu.
A case of multiple radiation‐induced gliomas 24 years after radiation therapy against pituitary adenoma
Authors: Kato Akihito , Nagashima Goro 
Published: March 2016

Key Clinical MessageWe treated a case in which multiple astrocytomas of varying grades developed in the irradiation field 24 years after radiation therapy. Differentiation from radiation necrosis based on presurgical diagnostic imaging was difficult; therefore, we feel it is essential to aggressively pursue histological diagnoses to select the optimal treatment method.
Is it True That the Normal Valence‐Length Correlation Is Irrelevant for Metal–Metal Bonds?
Authors: Singh Vijay , Dixit Mudit , Kosa Monica , Major Dan Thomas , Levi Elena , Aurbach Doron 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe most intriguing feature of metal–metal bonds in inorganic compounds is an apparent lack of correlation between the bond order and the bond length. In this study, we combine a variety of literature data obtained by quantum chemistry and our results based on the empirical bond valence model (BVM), to confirm for the first time the existence of a normal exponential correlation between the effective bond order (EBO) and the length of the metal–metal bonds. The difference between the EBO and the formal bond order is attributed to steric conflict between the (TM)n cluster (TM=transition metal) and its environment. This conflict, affected mainly by structural type, should cause high lattice strains, but electron redistribution around TM atoms, evident from the BVM calculations, results in a full or partial strain relaxation.
Design of an Os Complex‐Modified Hydrogel with Optimized Redox Potential for Biosensors and Biofuel Cells
Authors: Pinyou Piyanut , Ruff Adrian , Pöller Sascha , Ma Su , Ludwig Roland , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMultistep synthesis and electrochemical characterization of an Os complex‐modified redox hydrogel exhibiting a redox potential ≈+30 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl 3 m KCl) is demonstrated. The careful selection of bipyridine‐based ligands bearing N,N‐dimethylamino moieties and an amino‐linker for the covalent attachment to the polymer backbone ensures the formation of a stable redox polymer with an envisaged redox potential close to 0 V. Most importantly, the formation of an octahedral N6‐coordination sphere around the Os central atoms provides improved stability concomitantly with the low formal potential, a low reorganization energy during the Os3+/2+ redox conversion and a negligible impact on oxygen reduction. By wiring a variety of enzymes such as pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)‐dependent glucose dehydrogenase, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)‐dependent glucose dehydrogenase and the FAD‐dependent dehydrogenase domain of cellobiose dehydrogenase, low‐potential glucose biosensors could be obtained with negligible co‐oxidation of common interfering compounds such as uric acid or ascorbic acid. In combination with a bilirubin oxidase‐based biocathode, enzymatic biofuel cells with open‐circuit voltages of up to 0.54 V were obtained.
Highly Active Cobalt Sulfide/Carbon Nanotube Catalyst for Hydrogen Evolution at Soft Interfaces
Authors: Aslan Emre , Akin Ilker , Patir Imren Hatay 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHydrogen evolution at polarized liquid–liquid interfaces [water/1,2‐dichloroethane (DCE)] by the electron donor decamethylferrocene (DMFc) is catalyzed efficiently by the fabricated cobalt sulfide (CoS) nanoparticles and nanocomposites of CoS nanoparticles formed on multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (CoS/CNT). The suspended CoS/CNT nanocomposite catalysts at the interface show a higher catalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) than the CoS nanoparticles due to the high dispersity and conductivity of the CNT materials, which can serve as the main charge transport pathways for the injection of electrons to attain the catalytic sites of the nanoparticles. The reaction rate increased more than 1000‐fold and 300‐fold by using CoS/CNT and CoS catalysts, respectively, when compared to a non‐catalyzed reaction.
Robust Benzo[g, h, i ]perylenetriimide Dye‐Sensitized Electrodes in Air‐Saturated Aqueous Buffer Solution
Authors: Chen Hung‐Cheng , Williams René M. , Reek Joost N. H. , Brouwer Albert M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHighly electron deficient benzo[ghi]perylenetriimide (BPTI) chromophores were persistently anchored to a metal oxide electrode surface and reversible formation of their radical anions was shown in air‐saturated aqueous buffer solution. Our results show a very low reaction‐rate constant of BPTI.− with O2 (k=1.92±0.05×10−2 s−1). BPTI is a robust chromophore that can be used as the electron acceptor in molecule‐based artificial photosynthetic devices for direct water splitting in aqueous phase.
A generalized theorem of Reichert for biquadratic minimum functions
Authors: Chen Michael Z. Q. , Wang Kai , Zou Yun 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThis paper is concerned with a generalized theorem of Reichert for biquadratic minimum functions, which states that any biquadratic minimum function realizable as the impedance of networks with n reactive elements and an arbitrary number of resistors can be realized with n reactive elements and two resistors. First, a series of constraints on networks realizing minimum functions are presented. Furthermore, by discussing the possible resistor edges incident with vertices of the reactive‐element graphs, it is proved that any minimum function realizable as the impedance of networks with three reactive elements and an arbitrary number of resistors can be realized with three reactive elements and two resistors, from which the validity of the case of n = 3 follows. Similarly, the validity of the case of n = 4 is proved. Together with the Bott–Duffin realizations, the generalized theorem of Reichert for biquadratic minimum functions is finally proved. The results of this paper are motivated by passive mechanical control. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discontinuities concentrate mobile predators: quantifying organism–environment interactions at a seascape scale
Authors: Kennedy Cristina G. , Mather Martha E. , Smith Joseph M. , Finn John T. , Deegan Linda A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractUnderstanding environmental drivers of spatial patterns is an enduring ecological problem that is critical for effective biological conservation. Discontinuities (ecologically meaningful habitat breaks), both naturally occurring (e.g., river confluence, forest edge, drop‐off) and anthropogenic (e.g., dams, roads), can influence the distribution of highly mobile organisms that have land‐ or seascape scale ranges. A geomorphic discontinuity framework, expanded to include ecological patterns, provides a way to incorporate important but irregularly distributed physical features into organism–environment relationships. Here, we test if migratory striped bass (Morone saxatilis) are consistently concentrated by spatial discontinuities and why. We quantified the distribution of 50 acoustically tagged striped bass at 40 sites within Plum Island Estuary, Massachusetts during four‐monthly surveys relative to four physical discontinuities (sandbar, confluence, channel network, drop‐off), one continuous physical feature (depth variation), and a geographic location variable (region). Despite moving throughout the estuary, striped bass were consistently clustered in the middle geographic region at sites with high sandbar area, close to channel networks, adjacent to complex confluences, with intermediate levels of bottom unevenness, and medium sized drop‐offs. In addition, the highest striped bass concentrations occurred at sites with the greatest additive physical heterogeneity (i.e., where multiple discontinuities co‐occurred). The need to incorporate irregularly distributed features in organism–environment relationships will increase as high‐quality telemetry andGISdata accumulate for mobile organisms. The spatially explicit approach we used to address this challenge can aid both researchers who seek to understand the impact of predators on ecosystems and resource managers who require new approaches for biological conservation.
Assessing modularity in genetic networks to manage spatially structured metapopulations
Authors: Peterman William E. , Ousterhout Brittany H. , Anderson Thomas L. , Drake Dana L. , Semlitsch Raymond D. , Eggert Lori S. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAs habitats and landscapes are becoming increasingly fragmented, it is more important than ever that the conservationists understand how organisms move across the landscape and to assess connectivity. Functional connectivity is necessary to maintain metapopulation dynamics, minimize genetic drift, maintain genetic diversity on the landscape, and ultimately for the preservation of future evolutionary potential. Graph theory and network analyses have proven to be exceptional tools for assessing functional connections among habitat patches. Ecological studies have recently begun incorporating modularity into analyses of networks. Modularity arises in networks when nodes (habitat patches) form clusters or modules wherein patches within a module interact extensively with each other, but rarely interact with patches from different modules. The goals of this study were to assess modularity in a genetic network, determine the critical scales that functional connections occur among populations, assess the contributions of populations to connectivity, and to identify habitat and landscape connectivity variables affecting network modularity. We constructed a network of genetic covariance to determine functional connections among breeding populations of Ambystoma annulatum (Ringed Salamander) at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri, United States. From this network, we tested for the presence of modularity after accounting for the effects of distance between each breeding population, assessed the relative importance of each breeding population in contributing to within‐ and among‐module movements, and tested the effects of habitat and landscape connectivity on network parameters using linear models. The genetic network consisted of four modules, and modularity was significant after accounting for distance. Individual populations generally contributed to within‐ or among‐module movements, but not both. As within‐module strength decreased, among‐module connectivity increased. Habitat and connectivity parameters were generally poor predictor network parameters, suggesting that modularity may be a result of biotic or abiotic factors that affect successful recruitment from local populations. Our study highlights the importance of fully understanding the functional connections among populations on the landscape. The scale at which connections occur and the role of each population in contributing to connectivity are invaluable to making effective management and conservation decisions. Ultimately, analyses of network modularity have tremendous potential to inform these decisions.
Development and validation of a novel non‐contact monitor of nocturnal respiration for identifying sleep‐disordered breathing in patients with heart failure
Authors: Savage Henry Oluwasefunmi , Khushaba Rami N. , Zaffaroni Alberto , Colefax Michael , Farrugia Steven , Schindhelm Klaus , Teschler Helmut , Weinreich Gerhard , Grueger Hartmut , Neddermann Martina , Heneghan Conor , Simonds Anita , Cowie Martin R. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimsAt least 50% of patients with heart failure (HF) may have sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB). Overnight in‐hospital polysomnography (PSG) is considered the gold standard for diagnosis, but a lack of access to such testing contributes to under‐diagnosis of SDB. Therefore, there is a need for simple and reliable validated methods to aid diagnosis in patients with HF. The aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of a non‐contact type IV screening device, SleepMinderTM (SM), compared with in‐hospital PSG for detecting SDB in patients with HF.Methods and resultsThe study included 75 adult patients with systolic HF and suspected SDB who underwent simultaneous PSG and SM recordings. An algorithm was developed from the SM signals, using digital signal processing and pattern recognition techniques to calculate the SM apnoea‐hypopnoea index (AHI). This was then compared with expert‐scored PSGAHI. The SM algorithm had 70% sensitivity and 89% specificity for identifying patients with clinically significant SDB (AHI ≥ 15/h). At this threshold, it had a positive likelihood ratio of 6.3 and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.16. The overall accuracy of the SMAHI algorithm was 85.8% as shown by the area under a receiver operator characteristic curve. The mean AHI with SM was 3.8/h (95% confidence interval 0.5–7.1) lower than that with PSG.ConclusionsThe accuracy of the non‐contact type IV screening device SM is good for clinically significant SDB in patients with systolic HF and could be considered as a simple first step in the diagnostic pathway.
Effects of biochar application on fluxes of three biogenic greenhouse gases: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Song Xinzhang , Pan Genxing , Zhang Chao , Zhang Lu , Wang Hailong 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Biochar application to cropland has been recommended as a strategy to reduce increasing atmospheric
2
concentrations and mitigate climate change. However, the direction and magnitude of responses of greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes to biochar application to cropland remain unclear. Our meta‐analysis of 296 observations across 61 studies for the first time quantitatively estimated the effects of biochar amendment on fluxes of three s
2
, N
2
O, and
4
. The results showed that biochar application led to a significant change in soil s emissions: in general, 19% for
2
, −16% for N
2
O (
P
< 0.05), but no pronounced change in
4
emissions; in paddy, −5% for
2
, −20% for N
2
O, but +19% for
4
(
P
< 0.05); in upland, −18% for N
2
O, +12% for
2
, and high uncertainty for
4
. The responses of soil fluxes to biochar application were regulated mainly by experiment length, biochar application rate, biochar properties, providing a new perspective for more comprehensive understanding on biochar. The biochar derived from husk was recommended to apply to cropland with an application rate of 20–30 t·ha
−1
.
Supramolecular Agent–Simulant Correlations for the Luminescence Based Detection of V‐Series Chemical Warfare Agents with Trivalent Lanthanide Complexes
Authors: Dennison Genevieve H. , Bochet Christian G. , Curty Christophe , Ducry Julien , Nielsen David J. , Sambrook Mark R. , Zaugg Andreas , Johnston Martin R. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSolution spectroscopic investigations into the interactions of eight potential bidentate V‐series organophosphorus chemical warfare agent (OP CWA) simulants with [Eu(phen)2(NO3)3]·2H2O demonstrated that the chemical and structural composition of the secondary binding site within the simulant was of paramount importance. Only simulants containing both phosphoryl/phosphonyl and amine moieties generated analogous spectroscopic behaviours to V‐series OP CWAs seen in previous studies. The results demonstrated that the bidentate chelation mechanism was driven by the phosphoryl/phosphonyl moieties and that the presence of the amine moieties induced a significant secondary dynamic luminescence quenching mechanism. The binding modes of the simulants VO and TEEP to trivalent lanthanides (Eu and La) were further investigated using 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopic titrations and kinetic IR experiments. VO, with both the phosphonyl and amine binding sites was found to be the most appropriate simulant for V‐series OP CWAs in supramolecular studies with trivalent lanthanide ions and we recommend VO for use in supramolecular studies of this type.
Probabilistic economic seismic loss estimation in steel buildings using post‐tensioned moment‐resisting frames and viscous dampers
Authors: Dimopoulos Athanasios I. , Tzimas Angelos S. , Karavasilis Theodore L. , Vamvatsikos Dimitrios 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThe potential of post‐tensioned self‐centering moment‐resisting frames (SC‐MRFs) and viscous dampers to reduce the economic seismic losses in steel buildings is evaluated. The evaluation is based on a prototype steel building designed using four different seismic‐resistant frames: (i) conventional moment resisting frames (MRFs); (ii) MRFs with viscous dampers; (iii) SC‐MRFs; or (iv) SC‐MRFs with viscous dampers. All frames are designed according to Eurocode 8 and have the same column/beam cross sections and similar periods of vibration. Viscous dampers are designed to reduce the peak story drift under the design basis earthquake (DBE) from 1.8% to 1.2%. Losses are estimated by developing vulnerability functions according to the FEMA P‐58 methodology, which considers uncertainties in earthquake ground motion, structural response, and repair costs. Both the probability of collapse and the probability of demolition because of excessive residual story drifts are taken into account. Incremental dynamic analyses are conducted using models capable to simulate all limit states up to collapse. A parametric study on the effect of the residual story drift threshold beyond which is less expensive to rebuild a structure than to repair is also conducted. It is shown that viscous dampers are more effective than post‐tensioning for seismic intensities equal or lower than the maximum considered earthquake (MCE). Post‐tensioning is effective in reducing repair costs only for seismic intensities higher than the DBE. The paper also highlights the effectiveness of combining post‐tensioning and supplemental viscous damping by showing that the SC‐MRF with viscous dampers achieves significant repair cost reductions compared to the conventional MRF. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biogeomorphology of the Mediterranean Posidonia oceanica seagrass meadows
Authors: Vacchi Matteo , De Falco Giovanni , Simeone Simone , Montefalcone Monica , Morri Carla , Ferrari Marco , Bianchi Carlo Nike 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHere we review the multiple interactions between the endemic Mediterranean seagrass, Posidonia oceanica, and coastal geomorphologic processes as an outstanding example of biogeomorphology, taking into account recent advances in the field. Seagrass meadows are among the most important elements for the functioning of marine coastal ecosystems, and represent a major focus for research and conservation. Being considered a priority habitat, P. oceanica meadows are protected by several European Union directives and national laws. In this paper we examine: the role of sedimentary features in controlling the development of the meadows; the interplay between P. oceanica leaf litter (i.e. beached necromass) cast ashore and erosional‐depositional processes on the beaches; the interactions between meadows and nearshore hydrodynamics, and; possible linkages between geomorphological features of the seafloor and the architecture of meadows. Finally, we provide perspectives for future research on P. oceanica and other Mediterranean seagrass meadows in a biogeomorphological context with specific reference to climate change. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.