bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periodontal disease and pneumonia mortality in haemodialysis patients: A 7‐year cohort study
Authors: Iwasaki Masanori , Taylor George W. , Awano Shuji , Yoshida Akihiro , Kataoka Shota , Ansai Toshihiro , Nakamura Hidetoshi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAimTo evaluate the association between periodontal disease and pneumonia mortality in haemodialysis patients.Materials and MethodsThis prospective cohort study included 211 patients (mean age, 64.4 years) undergoing haemodialysis at a single medical centre. The patients underwent a baseline clinical dental examination in 2008 and were then followed up until July 2015. Periodontal disease was defined as the presence of clinical attachment loss of ≥4 mm in ≥30% of the probed sites. The primary endpoint, that is death from pneumonia, was determined by reviewing death certificates and was analysed using the competing‐risks regression model.ResultsAt baseline, 92 patients (43.6%) had periodontal disease. The median follow‐up period was 84 months (interquartile range, 36–86 months). Of the 68 deaths that occurred, 21 were from pneumonia. The multivariable competing‐risks regression model showed that periodontal disease was significantly associated with death from pneumonia (adjusted subhazard ratio, 3.49; 95% confidence interval, 1.14–10.64), after adjusting for other baseline health characteristics.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that periodontal disease is independently associated with pneumonia mortality in haemodialysis patients. Future studies evaluating the potential effect of oral interventions for periodontal health improvement on pneumonia in haemodialysis patients would be of great interest.
Beta‐cell replacement strategies for diabetes
Authors: Kieffer Timothy J , Woltjen Knut , Osafune Kenji , Yabe Daisuke , Inagaki Nobuya 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDiabetes is characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose as a result of insufficient production of insulin from loss or dysfunction of pancreatic islet β‐cells. Here, we review several approaches to replacing β‐cells that were recently discussed at a symposium held in Kyoto, Japan. Transplant of donor human islets can effectively treat diabetes and eliminate the need for insulin injections, supporting research aimed at identifying abundant supplies of cells. Studies showing the feasibility of producing mouse islets in rats support the concept of generating pigs with human pancreas that can serve as donors of human islets, although scientific and ethical challenges remain. Alternatively, in vitro differentiation of both human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells is being actively pursued as an islet cell source, and embryonic stem cell‐derived pancreatic progenitor cells are now in clinical trials in North America in patients with diabetes. Macro‐encapsulation devices are being used to contain and protect the cells from immune attack, and alternate strategies of immune‐isolation are being pursued, such as islets contained within long microfibers. Recent advancements in genetic engineering tools offer exciting opportunities to broaden therapeutic strategies and to probe the genetic involvement in β‐cell failure that contributes to diabetes. Personalized medicine might eventually become a possibility with genetically edited patient‐induced pluripotent stem cells, and the development of simplified robust differentiation protocols that ideally become standardized and automated. Additional efforts to develop a safe and effective β‐cell replacement strategy to treat diabetes are warranted.
Nosema maddoxi sp. nov. (Microsporidia, Nosematidae), a Widespread Pathogen of the Green Stink Bug Chinavia hilaris (Say) and the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Halyomorpha halys (Stål)
Authors: Hajek Ann E. , Solter Leellen F. , Maddox Joseph V. , Huang Wei‐Fone , Estep Alden S. , Krawczyk Grzegorz , Weber Donald C. , Hoelmer Kim A. , Sanscrainte Neil D. , Becnel James J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe describe a unique microsporidian species that infects the green stink bug, Chinavia hilaris; the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys; the brown stink bug, Euschistus servus; and the dusky stink bug, Euschistus tristigmus. All life stages are unikaryotic, but analysis of the consensus small subunit region of the ribosomal gene places this microsporidium in the genus Nosema, which historically has been characterized by diplokaryotic life stages. It is also characterized by having the reversed arrangement of the ribosomal gene (LSU –ITS‐ SSU) found in species within the “true Nosema” clade. This microsporidium is apparently Holarctic in distribution. It is present in H. halys both where it is native in Asia and where it is invasive in North America, as well as in samples of North American native C. hilaris collected prior to the introduction of H. halys from Asia. Prevalence in H. halys from mid‐Atlantic, North America in 2015–2016 ranged from 0.0% to 28.3%, while prevalence in C. hilaris collected in Illinois in 1970–1972 ranged from 14.3% to 58.8%. Oral infectivity and pathogenicity were confirmed in H. halys and C. hilaris. Morphological, ultrastructural, and ecological features of the microsporidium, together with a molecular phylogeny, establish a new species named Nosema maddoxi sp. nov.
Pyogenic liver abscess related to intrahepatic bile duct stones: Difficulties in infectious control and diagnosis of concomitant cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Shi Shao‐hua , Feng Xiao‐ning , Wang Zhuo‐yi , Sun Ke , Xu Jing‐feng , Kong Hai‐shen , Zheng Shu‐sen 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackground and AimCholangitis, bacteremia, and pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) can be often caused by intrahepatic bile ducts stone (IBDS), which is endemic to South‐East Asia. The association between IBDS and cholangiocarcinoma has been well recognized. Concomitant cholangiocarcinoma in the PLA related to IBDS is often missed.MethodsA case–control study consisting of 64 patients with PLA related to IBDS and 256 control patients with PLA not related to IBDS was used to investigate clinical features of PLA and incidence of concomitant cholangiocarcinoma in patients with PLA related to IBDS.ResultsThe main imaging manifestations of PLA related to IBDS was cystic‐solid lesions and solid lesions. Of seven patients (10.9%) with pathology‐proven cholangiocarcinoma in the same area of PLA related to IBDS among 64 patients, only two patients were initially diagnosed as having concomitant cholangiocarcinoma by biopsy, and other five patients diagnosed as acute inflammatory lesion. Within 60 days after onset, the infection‐related death rate and recurrence rate in patients with PLA related to IBDS were 12.9% and 20.3%, respectively, whereas in patients with PLA not related to IBDS were 3.9% and 3.1%, respectively. Only 25% of patients with PLA related to IBDS underwent surgery after admission. The main pathogens in PLA patients related to IBDS were Escherichia coli and extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase‐producing Enterobacteriaceae.ConclusionsThe imaging manifestations of PLA related to IBDS often present cystic‐solid or solid lesions. PLA related to IBDS is characterized by high rate of recurrence and infection‐related death, difficulty in diagnosis of concomitant cholangicarcinoma.
Lateral hypothalamic Orexin‐A‐ergic projections to the arcuate nucleus modulate gastric function in vivo
Authors: Luan Xiao , Sun Xiangrong , Guo Feifei , Zhang Di , Wang Cheng , Ma Li , Xu Luo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIt has been well‐known that hypothalamic orexigenic neuropeptides, orexin‐A, and melanin‐concentrating hormone (MCH), play important roles in regulation of gastric function. However, what neural pathway mediated by the two neuropeptides affects the gastric function remains unknown. In this study, by way of nucleic stimulation and extracellular recording of single unit electrophysiological properties, we found that electrically stimulating the lateral hypothalamic area (LH) or microinjection of orexin‐A into the arcuate nucleus (ARC) excited most gastric distension‐responsive neurons in the nuclei and enhanced the gastric function including motility, emptying, and acid secretion of conscious rats. The results indicated that LH‐ARC orexin‐A‐ergic projections may exist and the orexin‐A in the ARC affected afferent and efferent signal transmission between ARC and stomach. As expected, combination of retrograde tracing and immunohistochemistry showed that some orexin‐A‐ergic neurons projected from the LH to the ARC. In addition, microinjection of MCH and its receptor antagonist PMC‐3881‐PI into the ARC affected the role of orexin‐A in the ARC, indicating a possible involvement of the MCH pathway in the orexin‐A role. Our findings suggest that there was an orexin‐A‐ergic pathway between LH and ARC which participated in transmitting information between the central nuclei and the gastrointestinal tract and in regulating the gastric function of rats.
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Mutation analysis by whole exome sequencing of endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma in one patient: Abnormalities of polymerase epsilon and the phosphatidylinositol‐3 kinase pathway
Authors: Miyamoto Tsutomu , Ando Hirofumi , Asaka Ryoichi , Yamada Yasushi , Shiozawa Tanri 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn order to understand the role of gene mutations in endometrial carcinogenesis, whole exome sequencing via laser microdissection was performed in the normal endometrium, atypical endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma in the same patient. A total of 4046 and 5746 mutations with amino acid substitution were detected in endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma, respectively; 2252 were common in both tissues and might play crucial roles in early carcinogenesis. These common mutations included polymerase epsilon (POLE) and DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes, indicating that an ultra‐mutated phenotype, and also included PTEN and PIK3CA. The mutation‐prone environment evoked by mutations in the POLE and MMR genes associated with the activated phosphatidylinositol‐3 kinase pathway played a pivotal role in this case.
Influence of perinatal low‐dose acetylsalicylic acid therapy on fetal hemodynamics evaluated by determining the acceleration‐time/ejection‐time ratio in the ductus arteriosus
Authors: Miyazaki Miwa , Kuwabara Yoshimitsu , Takeshita Toshiyuki 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAimAcceleration‐time/ejection‐time ratio (At/Et ratio) of Doppler waveform is an established hemodynamic parameters that reflect proximal stenosis. Using this parameter, we evaluated whether perinatal low‐dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) therapy could alter hemodynamics in the ductus arteriosus.MethodsPulse Doppler measurements of the fetal ductus arteriosus were performed longitudinally from 20 to 37 gestational weeks in 106 healthy pregnant women (controls) and 65 pregnant women taking daily low‐dose ASA (80 or 100 mg/day) because of a history of recurrent pregnancy loss. The At/Et ratio, pulsatility index (PI), and peak systolic velocity were evaluated and statistically analyzed.ResultsThe At/Et ratio significantly increased with gestational age in both the ASA group (r = 0.54) and the control group (r = 0.35), while the PI did not. Median peak systolic velocities also increased with gestational age in both the ASA group (r = 0.39) and the control group (r = 0.31). No significant differences in At/Et ratio, PI, or peak systolic velocity were observed between the ASA group and the control group.ConclusionAdministration of low‐dose ASA during pregnancy did not appear to alter hemodynamics in the fetal ductus arteriosus.
Odontogenic myxoma: A 63‐year retrospective multicenter study of 85 cases in a Brazil population and a review of 999 cases from literature
Authors: Vasconcelos Ana Carolina Uchoa , Silveira Felipe Martins , Gomes Ana Paula Neutzling , Tarquinio Sandra Beatriz Chaves , Sobral Ana Paula Veras , de Arruda José Alcides Almeida , da Silva Leorik Pereira , da Silveira Marcia Maria Fonseca , Barbosa Larissa Ferreira , Kato Camila de Nazaré Alves de Oliveira , Jaeger Filipe , da Silva Tarcília Aparecida , Mesquita Ricardo Alves 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundOdontogenic myxoma (OM) is an uncommon neoplasm of the jaws. Considering the importance of defining the relative incidence and demographic profile of these lesions in South America, the aim of this study was to analyze the clinical and imagiological features of OM from three South American oral pathology services and to discuss these findings in light of the literature.MethodsData regarding age, gender, anatomic site, and imagiological features from 85 cases of OM were collected. Additionally, we did a review of OM studies published in three electronic databases.ResultsAmong 63 450 oral biopsies, 1178 (1.85%) were odontogenic tumors (World Health Organization ‐ 2017), of which 85 (7.21%) met the criteria of OM. The mean age was 30.7 years (range: 10‐61 years; SD: 12.22). Forty‐five (52.9%) cases occurred in females and 40 (47.1%) in males (ratio: 1:1.12). Maxilla was affected in 44 cases (53%) and mandible in 39 (47%). Of the 41 informed cases (48.2%), all of them were radiolucent lesions. The literature review indicated a majority of mean ages in third decade and a predilection for females, mandible, and multilocular radiolucent lesions.ConclusionsThe features of OM samples have strong similarity to that reported in studies from other continents. It is possible to infer that geographic variation does not help to explain some differences observed in the clinical features of OM.
In situ and in vitro evaluation of crude protein degradation and utilisable crude protein content of barley, rye and triticale grains for ruminants
Authors: Krieg J. , Seifried N. , Steingass H. , Rodehutscord M. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryRations for dairy cows are comprised of high proportions of cereal grains. Thus, despite their low crude protein (CP) content, grains can contribute considerably to the CP intake of dairy cows. This study was conducted to describe and compare ruminal CP degradation of a broad range of barley, rye and triticale genotypes in situ and in vitro and different methods to estimate the utilisable CP at the duodenum (uCP). Twenty samples each of rye, barley and triticale were incubated in situ and in vitro. Exponential regression analyses were used to estimate in situ degradation parameters. Further, the effective degradability (ED), ruminal undegraded CP (UDP) and uCP for ruminal passage rates of 5% and 8% per hr were estimated. The uCP was estimated in vitro and based on two different approaches using in situ UDP data and estimates of microbial synthesised protein (based on fermented organic matter [fOM] or equations of the Gesellschaft für Ernährungsphysiologie). The degradation rate declined from rye (43% per hr) to triticale (27% per hr) to barley (20% per hr), and it exhibited remarkable variation between the genotypes of a single species. The maximal degradable CP fraction also differed between the species, but was overall very high (94%–99%). The lowest washout fraction (26%) and the highest variation in ED (77%–86% and 69%–80% for a passage rate of 5% and 8% per hr, respectively) were found in barley. The in situ uCP content (estimated using fOM) was lower for barley than for rye and triticale at ruminal passage rates of 5% and 8% per hr (barley: 157 g/kg DM at both passage rates; rye and triticale: 168 (at 5% per hr) and 169 (at 8% per hr) g/kg DM). In vitro estimations of uCP did not differ between the grain species and uCP estimated according to GfE was higher for triticale than for barley and rye, which did not differ. The low variation within a single grain species and the weak correlations between ruminal CP degradation and nutrient concentrations suggested that differentiation of ED and uCP between the genotypes of a single grain species is not necessary.
Preschoolers’ Distributive Justice When They Distribute Few Total Rewards in a Third‐Party Task
Authors: Tsutsu Kiyomi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFive‐year‐old children were presented with a story in which one character made three origami stars and another made nine. Then the participants were asked to distribute small rewards to each character (“Three” or “Four” candies), and were told to use all the candies (“All” instruction), or that “You can leave some candies, if you don't want to use all the candies (‘Partial’ instruction).” In Study 1, almost all children distributed the candies equally (Four). Some participants (28.1%) refused the All instruction for Three, and then equally distributed the candies. They conducted equality allocations in three or all four of the conditions, giving a ratio for “Thorough Egalitarians” of 20–30%. Study 2 used looking‐time measures to assess participants’ judgment. Children looked longer at the amounts of production of two characters in condition Three than in condition Four. Allocation patterns were almost identical to Study 1, but the condition “Partial‐Three” results were not reproduced. The paper discusses the types of egalitarian behavior and the associated production and reward quantities observed.
Bluestocking Studies 2011–2017: The Transnational Turn
Authors: Johns Alessa 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAs international trade, exploration, and communication proliferated in the 18th and early 19th centuries, a significant group of British intellectual women, the Bluestockings, came to recognize themselves as part of a transnational network. They were attentive especially to intellectual pursuits, women's cultural, sociopolitical, and economic interests, and various forms of social progress, and some of these preoccupations developed over the period and fed into first‐wave feminist programs later in the 19th century. I consider the extensive Bluestocking scholarship concentrating on transnationalism as well as recent research that has incorporated international themes. The field of bluestocking studies at this juncture forcefully extends the feminist recovery project and, because of its international interest, might help to counter nationalist and anti‐feminist pressures currently challenging the academy.
KV channels and the regulation of vascular smooth muscle tone
Authors: Jackson William F. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractVSMCs in resistance arteries and arterioles express a diverse array of KV channels with members of the KV1, KV2 and KV7 families being particularly important. Members of the KV channel family: (i) are highly expressed in VSMCs; (ii) are active at the resting membrane potential of VSMCs in vivo (−45 to −30 mV); (iii) contribute to the negative feedback regulation of VSMC membrane potential and myogenic tone; (iv) are activated by cAMP‐related vasodilators, hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen peroxide; (v) are inhibited by increases in intracellular Ca2+ and vasoconstrictors that signal through Gq‐coupled receptors; (vi) are involved in the proliferative phenotype of VSMCs; and (vii) are modulated by diseases such as hypertension, obesity, the metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Thus, KV channels participate in every aspect of the regulation of VSMC function in both health and disease.
The APSES protein Sok2 is a positive regulator of sporulation in Ashbya gossypii
Authors: Wasserstrom Lisa , Dünkler Alexander , Walther Andrea , Wendland Jürgen 
Published: October 2017

SummaryAshbya gossypii is a homothallic, flavinogenic, filamentous ascomycete that starts overproduction of riboflavin and fragments its mycelium quantitatively into spore producing sporangia at the end of a growth phase. Mating is not required for sporulation and the standard homothallic laboratory strain is a MATa strain. Here we show that ectopic expression of Saccharomyces cerevisiae MATα2 in A. gossypii completely suppresses sporulation, inhibits riboflavin overproduction and downregulates among others AgSOK2. AgSok2 belongs to a fungal‐specific group of (APSES) transcription factors. Deletion of AgSOK2 strongly reduces riboflavin production and blocks sporulation. The initiator of meiosis, AgIME1, is a transcription factor essential for sporulation. We characterized the AgIME1 promoter region required for complementation of the Agime1 mutant. Reporter assays with AgIME1 promoter fragments fused to lacZ showed that AgSok2 does not control AgIME1 transcription. However, global transcriptome analysis identified two other essential regulators of sporulation, AgIME2 and AgNDT80, as potential targets of AgSok2. Our data suggest that sporulation and riboflavin production in A. gossypii are under mating type locus and nutritional control. Sok2, a target of the cAMP/protein kinase A pathway, serves as a central positive regulator to promote sporulation. This contrasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae where Sok2 is a repressor of IME1 transcription.
“The Miserable Supper”: César Vallejo and the Poetics of Communion
Authors: Glover Adam 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis essay examines the image of the Eucharist in the poetry of the Peruvian writer César Vallejo (1892-1938). I argue that unlike his modernista forebears, Vallejo regularly employs the Eucharist not as an image of the ecstasy of sexual union, but instead as an image of guilt, melancholy, frustration, and loss. In one sense, such images can be read as deliberately blasphemous distortions of the Christian picture of the Eucharist Vallejo imbibed as a child. My central thesis, however, will be that the same images can also be read, perhaps in part against Vallejo's own intentions, not as distortions of the Eucharist but as offering insights into the nature of the sacrament itself. I develop this thesis in two parts. First, I argue that despite the centrality to eucharistic theology of the themes of communion, spiritual intimacy, and “real presence”—themes that made it an almost irresistible poetic symbol of sexual desire—the Eucharist itself is also and fundamentally a sacrament of absence, delay, and failure. Second, I suggest that by drawing, however implicitly, on these latent elements of eucharistic theology, Vallejo's poetry opens up a space to think about certain aspects of the sacrament which the modernistas’ erotic exuberance tended systematically to obscure.
Metabolism within the specialized guard cells of plants
Authors: Daloso Danilo M. , Medeiros David B. , dos Anjos Letícia , Yoshida Takuya , Araújo Wagner L. , Fernie Alisdair R. 
Published: October 2017

Contents

Summary
1018

I.
Introduction
1018

II.
Guard cell photosynthesis
1019

III.
Guard cell central metabolism
1022

IV.
Guard cell starch metabolism differs from that of mesophyll cells and plays a key role in stomatal movement
1025

V.
Connectors between mesophyll and guard cells
1026

VI.
Challenges and perspectives in understanding and modelling guard cell metabolism
1029

Acknowledgements
1030

References
1030

SummaryStomata are leaf epidermal structures consisting of two guard cells surrounding a pore. Changes in the aperture of this pore regulate plant water‐use efficiency, defined as gain of C by photosynthesis per leaf water transpired. Stomatal aperture is actively regulated by reversible changes in guard cell osmolyte content. Despite the fact that guard cells can photosynthesize on their own, the accumulation of mesophyll‐derived metabolites can seemingly act as signals which contribute to the regulation of stomatal movement. It has been shown that malate can act as a signalling molecule and a counter‐ion of potassium, a well‐established osmolyte that accumulates in the vacuole of guard cells during stomatal opening. By contrast, their efflux from guard cells is an important mechanism during stomatal closure. It has been hypothesized that the breakdown of starch, sucrose and lipids is an important mechanism during stomatal opening, which may be related to ATP production through glycolysis and mitochondrial metabolism, and/or accumulation of osmolytes such as sugars and malate. However, experimental evidence supporting this theory is lacking. Here we highlight the particularities of guard cell metabolism and discuss this in the context of the guard cells themselves and their interaction with the mesophyll cells.