bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CFD analysis of smoke backlayering dispersion in tunnel fires with longitudinal ventilation
Authors: Gannouni Soufien , Ben Maad Rejeb 
Published: August 2016

SummaryIn a longitudinally ventilated tunnel fire, the backlayering flow propagated in the opposite direction to the air current is the most fatal contaminations to users which are blocked upstream of the fire. In the present paper, numerical simulations were conducted using Fire Dynamic Simulator, which is based on large eddy simulations to estimate the backlayering arrival time in a longitudinally ventilated tunnel fire. The effect of a vehicle obstruction on the backlayering arrival time will be also investigated. For this, a vehicle model occupying about 31% of the tunnel cross section is simulated upstream of the fire source with its location relative to the tunnel floor is varied. The numerical investigation shows that the inertia and the buoyancy forces produced by ventilation and fire, respectively, affect the backlayering spread. The backlayering arrival time increases with the longitudinal ventilation velocity while it decreases with the fire heat release rate. When a vehicle obstruction existed within the tunnel, the numerical results show an increase of backlayering arrival time. This increase is significantly more important with the fire distance when the vehicle obstruction approaches the tunnel floor. Two correlations are developed, with and without obstruction in the tunnel, to predict the backlayering arrival time against the distance to fire. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cortisol Induces Reactive Oxygen Species Through a Membrane Glucocorticoid Receptor in Rainbow Trout Myotubes
Authors: Espinoza Marlen B. , Aedo Jorge E. , Zuloaga Rodrigo , Valenzuela Cristian , Molina Alfredo , Valdés Juan A. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTCortisol is an essential regulator of neuroendocrine stress responses in teleosts. Cortisol predominantly affects target tissues through the genomic pathway, which involves interacting with cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptors, and thereby, modulating stress‐response gene expressions. Cortisol also produces rapid effects via non‐genomic pathways, which do not involve gene transcription. Although cortisol‐mediated genomic pathways are well documented in teleosts, non‐genomic pathways are not fully understood. Moreover, no studies have focused on the contribution of non‐genomic cortisol pathways in compensatory stress responses in fish. In this study, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) skeletal myotubes were stimulated with physiological concentrations of cortisol and cortisol‐BSA, a membrane‐impermeable agent, resulting in an early induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This production was not suppressed by transcription or translation inhibitors, suggesting non‐genomic pathway involvement. Moreover, myotube preincubation with RU486 and NAC completely suppressed cortisol‐ and cortisol‐BSA‐induced ROS production. Subcellular fractionation analysis revealed the presence of cell membrane glucocorticoid receptors. Finally, cortisol‐BSA induced a significant increase in ERK1/2 and CREB phosphorylation, as well as in CREB‐dependent transcriptional activation of the pgc1a gene expression. The obtained results strongly suggest that cortisol acts through a non‐genomic glucocorticoid receptor‐mediated pathway to induce ROS production and contribute to ERK/CREB/PGC1‐α signaling pathway activation as stress compensation mechanisms. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 718–725, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
HOGA1 Gene Mutations of Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 3 in Tunisian Patients
Authors: M'dimegh Saoussen , Aquaviva‐bourdain Cécile , Omezzine Asma , Souche Geneviéve , M'barek Ibtihel , Abidi Kamel , Gargah Tahar , Abroug Saoussen , Bouslama Ali 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundPrimary hyperoxaluria type 3 (PH3) is due to mutations in the recently identified 4‐hydroxy‐2‐oxoglutarate aldolase (HOGA1) gene. PH3 might be the least severe form with a milder phenotype with good preservation of kidney function in most patients. The aim of this study was to report three PH3 cases carrying mutations in HOGA1.Materials and MethodsGenetic analysis of HOGA1 was performed in patients with a high clinical suspicion of PH after sequencing of AGXT and GRHPR genes, which was negative. Also, a complete AGXT/GRHPR MLPA was performed in these patients in order to detect large deletions/insertions.Results and DiscussionTwo different HOGA1 gene mutations were identified: the p.Pro190Leu in a homozygous state and the p.Gly287Val in two patients in homozygous and heterozygous carriers. The median age at onset of clinical symptoms was 3.93 years. Most of the patients had a positive family history for recurrent urolithiasis. The p.Pro190Leu mutation was reported with impaired renal function at follow‐up; however, the p.Gly287Val was presented with normal renal function. All patients were presented with urolithiasis, but only one had a nephrocalcinosis.ConclusionThis study expanded the number of PH3 patients from 63 to 66 cases. The p.Pro190Leu and the p.Gly287Val mutations found in this study can provide a first‐line investigation in Tunisian PH1 patients.
Effect of the Hemochromatosis Mutations on Iron Overload among the Indian β Thalassemia Carriers
Authors: Nadkarni Anita H. , Singh Aradhana A. , Colaco Stacy , Hariharan Priya , Colah Roshan B. , Ghosh Kanjaksha 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundHereditary hemochromatosis is a disorder of iron metabolism characterized by increased iron absorption.HFE gene mutations C282Y and H63D are responsible for the majority of hereditary hemochromatosis cases.MethodsWe tried to look at the effect of HFE mutations on the iron status. A total of 100 β thalassemia traits (BTT) with 100 normal individuals were screened for the C282Y and H63D mutations using PCR‐RFLP. The serum ferritin levels were determined using ELISA kit.ResultsWe did not find the C282Y mutation in our study group. The allelic frequencies for H63D mutation did not differ significantly between β‐thalassemia traits (8.5%) and normal controls (9%). ΒΤΤ with H63D genotype of H/D (143.16 ± 80.3 ng/ml) and D/D (504 ng/ml) showed higher ferritin levels as against H/H genotype (88.64 ± 92.43 ng/ml). The statistically significant difference was observed in the mean serum ferritin levels among the individuals showing H/H and D/D genotypes (P < 0.002) and H/D and D/D genotype (P < 0.01) in both the groups.ConclusionThis suggests that iron load in BTT tends to aggravated with the co‐inheritance of the H63D mutation. The mutant H63D gene showed the presence of haplotype 6 which is reported in the European population suggesting a common origin.
Staging liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B with T1 relaxation time index on gadoxetic acid‐enhanced MRI: Comparison with aspartate aminotransferase‐to‐platelet ratio index and FIB‐4
Authors: Yang Li , Ding Ying , Rao Shengxiang , Chen Caizhong , Wu Lifang , Sheng Ruofan , Fu Caixia , Zeng Mengsu 
Published: August 2016

PurposeTo assess the accuracy of the T1 relaxation time index on gadoxetic acid‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for staging liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B (CHB), in comparison and combination with the aspartate aminotransferase‐to‐platelet ratio index (APRI) and fibrosis‐4 (FIB‐4).Materials and MethodsA retrospective study of gadoxetic acid‐enhanced T1 mapping and serum biochemical tests was performed on 126 CHB patients who underwent gadoxetic acid‐enhanced 1.5T MRI, and the histological score used as the gold standard. The reduction rate of T1 relaxation time before and 20 minutes after gadoxetic acid injection (ΔT1, ΔR1%), the contrast uptake rate (KHep), APRI, and FIB‐4 were calculated. The diagnostic efficacy of ΔT1, ΔR1%, KHep, APRI, and FIB‐4 for predicting stage 2 or greater (≥S2), stage 3 or greater (≥S3), and stage 4 (S4) was compared.ResultsΔT1 (r = −0.513, P < 0.001), ΔR1% (r = −0.626, P < 0.001), KHep (r = −0.527, P < 0.001), APRI (r = 0.519, P < 0.001), and FIB‐4 (r = 0.476, P < 0.001) correlated significantly with fibrosis stages. Areas under the curves (AUCs) of ΔR1% for detecting ≥S2, ≥S3, and S4 were 0.849, 0.827, and 0.809, which were greater than that of APRI (0.763, 0.745, 0.787) and FIB‐4 (0.727, 0.738, 0.772), but significant difference was found only in discriminating ≥S2 between ΔR1% and FIB‐4 (P = 0.027). The combination of all five indices performed best, with AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.860, 87.21%, and 72.50% for diagnosing ≥S2, 0.878, 82.81%, and 85.48% for ≥S3, and 0.867, 80.00%, and 83.95% for S4.ConclusionThe gadoxetic acid‐enhanced T1 relaxation time index appears to be superior to APRI and FIB‐4 for predicting hepatic fibrosis. The combined use of gadoxetic acid‐enhanced T1 mapping, APRI, and FIB‐4 may be more reliable for staging liver fibrosis in CHB.Level of Evidence: 4J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:1186–1194
Investigation of hippocampal substructures in focal temporal lobe epilepsy with and without hippocampal sclerosis at 7T
Authors: Santyr Brendan G. , Goubran Maged , Lau Jonathan C. , Kwan Benjamin Y.M. , Salehi Fateme , Lee Donald H. , Mirsattari Seyed M. , Burneo Jorge G. , Steven David A. , Parrent Andrew G. , de Ribaupierre Sandrine , Hammond Robert R. , Peters Terry M. , Khan Ali R. 
Published: August 2016

PurposeTo provide a more detailed investigation of hippocampal subfields using 7T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the identification of hippocampal sclerosis in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).Materials and MethodsPatients (n = 13) with drug‐resistant TLE previously identified by conventional imaging as having hippocampal sclerosis (HS) or not (nine without HS, four HS) and 20 age‐matched healthy controls were scanned and compared using a 7T MRI protocol. Using a manual segmentation scheme to delineate hippocampal subfields, subfield‐specific volume changes and apparent transverse relaxation rate (
) were studied between the two groups. In addition, qualitative assessment at 7T and clinical outcomes were correlated with measured subfield changes.ResultsVolumetry of the hippocampus at 7T in HS patients revealed significant ipsilateral subfield atrophy in CA1 (P = 0.001) and CA4+DG (P < 0.001). Volumetry also uncovered subfield atrophy in 33% of patients without HS, which had not been detected using conventional imaging.
was significantly lower in the CA4+DG subfields (P = 0.001) and the whole hippocampus (P = 0.029) of HS patients compared to controls but not significantly lower than the group without HS (P = 0.077, P = 0.109). No correlation was found between quantitative volumetry and qualitative assessment as well as surgical outcomes (Sub, P = 0.495, P = 0.567, P = 0.528; CA1, P = 0.104 ± 0.171, P = 0.273, P = 0.554; CA2+CA3, P = 0.517, P = 0.952, P = 0.130 ± 0.256; CA4+DG, P = 0.052 ± 0.173, P = 0.212, P = 0.124 ± 0.204; WholeHipp, P = 0.187, P = 0.132 ± 0.197, P = 0.628).ConclusionThese preliminary findings indicate that hippocampal subfield volumetry assessed at 7T is capable of identifying characteristic patterns of hippocampal atrophy in HS patients; however, difficulty remains in using imaging to identify hippocampal pathologies in cases without HS.Level of Evidence: 2J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;45:1359–1370
Misdiagnosed epigastric mass: Ectopic liver
Authors: Altay Cetin Murat , Hacifazlioglu Cigdem , Topcuoglu Osman Melih , Kul Melahat , Uysal Ramadan Selma 
Published: August 2016

We discuss an ectopic liver misdiagnosed as an abdominal mass and the importance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in liver positional anomalies. A solid midline mass midline adjacent to the liver was found in a 45‐year‐old female at an external center during an ultrasound investigation conducted for occasional abdominal pain of many years. The patient was referred to us for MRI. MRI revealed a solid epigastric lesion adjacent to the liver but unrelated to the liver parenchyma. The mass was of similar intensity as the liver in all sequences and in postcontrast dynamic phases following hepatospecific contrast material administration. We also observed contrast material excretion into the solid lesion from the biliary ducts in the hepatobiliary phase. The lesion was diagnosed as ectopic liver tissue with these findings.Level of Evidence: 5J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:761–763.
Renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava involvement: Prognostic effect of tumor thrombus consistency on cancer specific survival
Authors: Mager Rene , Daneshmand Siamak , Evans Christopher P. , Palou Joan , Martínez‐Salamanca Juan I. , Master Viraj A. , McKiernan James M. , Libertino John A. , Haferkamp Axel ,   On behalf of the International Renal Cell Carcinoma‐Venous Thrombus Consortium, Haferkamp Axel , Capitanio Umberto , Carballido Joaquín A. , Chantada Venancio , Chromecki Thomas , Ciancio Gaetano , Daneshmand Siamak , Evans Christopher P. , Gontero Paolo , González Javier , Hohenfellner Markus , Huang William C. , Koppie Theresa M. , Libertino John A. , Espinós Estefanía Linares , Lorentz Adam , Martínez‐Salamanca Juan I. , Master Viraj A. , McKiernan James M. , Montorsi Francesco , Novara Giacomo , O'Malley Padraic , Pahernik Sascha , Palou Joan , Moreno José Luis Pontones , Pruthi Raj S. , Faba Oscar Rodriguez , Russo Paul , Scherr Douglas S. , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Spahn Martin , Terrone Carlo , Tilki Derya , Vázquez‐Martul Dario , Donoso Cesar Vera , Vergho Daniel , Wallen Eric M. , Zigeuner Richard 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundRenal cell carcinoma forming a venous tumor thrombus (VTT) in the inferior vena cava (IVC) has a poor prognosis. Recent investigations have been focused on prognostic markers of survival. Thrombus consistency (TC) has been proposed to be of significant value but yet there are conflicting data. The aim of this study is to test the effect of IVC VTT consistency on cancer specific survival (CSS) in a multi‐institutional cohort.MethodsThe records of 413 patients collected by the International Renal Cell Carcinoma–Venous Thrombus Consortium were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent radical nephrectomy and tumor thrombectomy. Kaplan–Meier estimate and Cox regression analyses investigated the impact of TC on CSS in addition to established clinicopathological predictors.ResultsVTT was solid in 225 patients and friable in 188 patients. Median CSS was 50 months in solid and 45 months in friable VTT. TC showed no significant association with metastatic spread, pT stage, perinephric fat invasion, and higher Fuhrman grade. Survival analysis and Cox regression rejected TC as prognostic marker for CSS.ConclusionsIn the largest cohort published so far, TC seems not to be independently associated with survival in RCC patients and should therefore not be included in risk stratification models. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:764–768. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mussels blow rings: Jet behavior affects local mixing
Authors: Nishizaki Michael , Ackerman Josef Daniel 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBenthic suspension feeders such as dreissenid mussels (Dreissena polymorpha and D. rostriformis bugensis) are often found in remarkably dense aggregations (i.e. > 105 mussels m− 2), which is surprising, given their high clearance rates and limited mixing within the benthic boundary layer. Results from flow visualization in flow chamber experiments indicate that there is indeed limited mixing around mussel aggregations at low flows and that siphonal jets can increase mixing around and above these aggregations. Using particle image velocimetry (PIV) to further investigate the underlying hydrodynamics of these jets, we characterized differences in velocity and vorticity among four siphonal behaviors (e.g., slow flux, streaming, exhalant jets, and inhalant jets), including both continuous and pulsatile jets, the latter of which generate free vortex rings. Incorporating these hydrodynamic characteristics into a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model revealed that siphonal jets increased mixing, expressed as vertical diffusivity in the benthic boundary layer. These differences were most pronounced at slow vs. fast cross‐stream velocities, but those differences diminished several body lengths (i.e. 10−1 m to 10−2 m) downstream. The results from PIV measurements and CFD modeling suggest that benthic suspension feeders can influence patterns of local mixing, which would affect mass transport and biogeochemical processes in the near‐bed region. This underscores the need for physical‐biologically linked models to incorporate the behavior of benthic suspension feeding invertebrates.
A whole‐lake experiment confirms a small centric diatom species as an indicator of changing lake thermal structure
Authors: Saros Jasmine E. , Northington Robert M. , Anderson Dennis S. , Anderson Nicholas John 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn many lakes across the Northern Hemisphere, paleolimnological records have revealed that the relative abundances of the small centric diatom, Discostella stelligera, changed over the past century, with these widespread shifts attributed to climate change. Specifically, small‐scale experiments and current spatial distribution patterns suggested that this species is more abundant when lake mixing depths are shallower, but a direct test of this hypothesis at the whole‐lake scale was lacking. We conducted a whole‐lake mixing manipulation in a remote arctic lake that normally has relatively shallow thermal stratification and abundant D. stelligera populations during the summer. We employed a “Before‐After‐Control‐Impact” design using an experimental lake and a control lake. Lake thermal structure and diatom populations were monitored in both lakes in summer 2013 without manipulating either lake, and again in summer 2014 when the experimental lake was manipulated to achieve deeper mixing depths. The abundance of D. stelligera declined during the manipulated period of deeper mixing in 2014, while it increased during the same time frame in the control lake. The same pattern was not observed for the four other diatom taxa found in both lakes in both years. Our results confirm the use of D. stelligera as an indicator of changing lake thermal structure, and suggest that the broader application of this tool to lake sediment records will yield greater insight into longer‐term variability in the response of lake ecosystems to climate.
Personal goals and expectations of OAB patients in the UK
Authors: Rantell Angie , Cardozo Linda , Khullar Vik 
Published: August 2016

INTRODUCTIONIn clinical practice and in research patient‐centred outcomes are often utilised to help improve communication between patients and clinicians and to help manage expectations from treatment. However, many of these goals are generic and do not adequately capture the details of day to day life that bother patients the most and that they hope will improve with therapy. This study aimed to understand what are the goals of patients with overactive bladder symptoms in the UK who were taking part in a clinical trial and to assess goal achievement.METHODSThis was a qualitative analysis of the patients goals recorded using the Self‐Assessment Goal Achievement (SAGA) Questionnaire during the UK study assessing flexible dose fesoterodine in adults (SAFINA) trial. Free text patient goals were completed at baseline and an assessment of achievement was performed at the end of treatment. Grounded theory was used to develop themes and sub themes.RESULTSThree hundred and thirty‐one patients completed the trial and 1137 open ended goals were set. Six themes emerged from the data including, OAB, other LUTS and finishing the task in hand with multiple subthemes noted.CONCLUSIONSBy assessing and understanding what is important to the patient, it may help to tailor patient care and treatment and improve patient satisfaction.
Smoking and prevalence of nocturia in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a post‐hoc analysis of The Dogo Study
Authors: Furukawa Shinya , Sakai Takenori , Niiya Tetsuji , Miyaoka Hiroaki , Miyake Teruki , Yamamoto Shin , Kanzaki Sayaka , Maruyama Koutatsu , Tanaka Keiko , Ueda Teruhisa , Senba Hidenori , Torisu Masamoto , Minami Hisaka , Onji Morikazu , Tanigawa Takeshi , Matsuura Bunzo , Hiasa Yoichi , Miyake Yoshihiro 
Published: August 2016

AimsNo evidence exists regarding the association between smoking status and nocturia among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We evaluated this association among Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by post‐hoc analysis.MethodsStudy subjects were 817 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Study subjects were considered to have nocturia if they answered “once or more” to the question: “Within one week, how many times do you typically wake up to urinate from sleeping at night until waking in the morning?” We used the following three outcomes: (1) nocturia was ≥1 voids per night; (2) moderate nocturia was ≥2 voids per night; and (3) severe nocturia was ≥3 voids per night. Adjustments were made for age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, dyslipidemia, stroke, glycated hemoglobin, current drinking, use of anti‐hypertensive agent, use of insulin, use of oral anti‐hyperglycemic agent, and diabetic retinopathy.ResultsThe prevalence values of one void per night, two voids per night, and three or more voids per night were 39.5%, 27.1%, and 14.8%, respectively. Current smoking was independently inversely associated with severe nocturia compared with never or former smoking; the adjusted PR was 0.47 (95%CI: 0.25–0.89). Among the 443 patients who had ever smoked, compared with former smoking, current smoking was independently inversely related to severe nocturia; the adjusted PR was 0.44 (95%CI: 0.24–0.82).ConclusionsIn Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, current smoking may be independently inversely associated with severe nocturia.
Laparoscopic sacral colpopexy: how to place the posterior mesh into rectovaginal space?
Authors: Lizee Daphné , Campagna Giuseppe , Morciano Andrea , Panico Giovanni , Ercoli Alfredo , Gadonneix Pierre 
Published: August 2016

AimsLaparoscopic sacral colpopexy (LSC) for pelvic prolapse is a complex procedure, characterized by an anterior mesh suspension to the sacral promontory and a posterior tension‐free mesh fixation.MethodsTotals of 150 age‐BMI and parity matched consecutive POP patients were selected from our Diaconesses Hospital database among women who underwent a laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy (LSH) plus sacral colpopexy (LSC) from June 2005 to March 2010. We analyzed two group of LSC populations, according to different tension‐free apical fixation of the posterior mesh: Promontory (P) group and Utero‐Sacral (US) group. Studied endpoints were the anatomical and functional results linked to these different tension‐free posterior mesh placements.ResultsBaseline characteristics were similar between the groups. No differences in terms of anatomical and functional outcomes were observed between the groups. Pelvic organ mobility at rest versus under Valsalva highlighted a significant reduction of median differential vaginal apex only in the P population (preoperative: 30 mm and 32 mm; postoperative: 8 mm and 24 mm; for P and US, respectively; P < 0.01). No differences were found in terms of intra‐ or post‐operative complications.ConclusionsUterosacral tension‐free fixation of posterior mesh during LSC could be considered a simple procedure and guarantees a more physiological movement of the pelvic organs if compared with promontory suspension.