bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyclic-nucleotide–gated cation current and Ca2+-activated Cl current elicited by odorant in vertebrate olfactory receptor neurons
Authors: Li Rong-Chang , Ben-Chaim Yair , Yau King-Wai , Lin Chih-Chun 
Published: September 2016

SignificanceThe electrical response of vertebrate olfactory receptor neurons to odorants consists of two components: an inward cyclic-nucleotide–gated, nonselective cation current and an inward calcium-activated chloride current. These two currents are causally and tightly coupled, making them difficult to be separated. We have now succeeded in cleanly separating these two currents and found the Cl current to be dominant whether the overall response is at threshold for signaling to the brain or has reached saturation. Thus, the Cl current appears to have an important role in signal amplification in olfaction across the stimulus range.
Effects of pomegranate extract on blood flow and vessel diameter after high‐intensity exercise in young, healthy adults
Authors: Roelofs Erica J. , Smith‐Ryan Abbie E. , Trexler Eric T. , Hirsch Katie R. , Mock Meredith G. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe effects of pomegranate extract (PE) supplementation were evaluated on high‐intensity exercise performance, blood flow, vessel diameter, oxygen saturation (SPO2), heart rate (HR), and blood pressure (BP). In a randomized, crossover design, nineteen recreationally resistance‐trained participants were randomly assigned to PE (1000 mg) or placebo (PL), which were consumed 30 min prior to a repeated sprint ability (RSA) test and repetitions to fatigue (RTF) on bench and leg press. The RSA consisted of ten six‐second sprints on a friction‐loaded cycle ergometer with 30 s recovery. Brachial artery blood flow and vessel diameter were assessed by ultrasound. Blood flow, vessel diameter, SPO2, HR, and BP were assessed at baseline, 30 min post ingestion, immediately post exercise (IPost), and 30 min post exercise (30minPost). With PE, blood flow significantly increased IPost RSA (mean difference = 18.49 mL min−1; P < .05), and IPost and 30minPost RTF (P < .05) according to confidence intervals (CI). Vessel diameter increased significantly 30minPost RSA according to CI and resulted in a significant interaction IPost and 30minPost RTF (P < .05). With PE, according to CI, average and peak power output increased significantly in sprint 5 of the RSA (P < .05). There was no significant difference between PE and PL for bench (P = .25) or leg press (P = .15) repetitions. Acute PE supplementation enhanced vessel diameter and blood flow, suggesting possible exercise performance enhancement from increased delivery of substrates and oxygen. The acute timing and capsule form of PE may be advantageous to athletic populations due to ergogenic effects, taste, and convenience.
Plasma turbulence measured with fast frequency swept reflectometry in JET H-mode plasmas
Authors: Clairet F. , Sirinelli A. , Meneses L. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
In this work we present recent achievements to provide precise measurements of turbulence on JET H-mode plasmas using frequency sweeping reflectometry diagnostic. The plasma density fluctuations retrieved from swept reflected signals, first initiated with the Tore Supra reflectometry (Heuraux et al 2003 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 74 1501, Vermare et al 2006 Nucl. Fusion
46 S743, Gerbaud et al 2006 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 77 10E928), provides a radial profile of the density fluctuation level and its spectral structure. Using the complete set of the JET X-mode fast sweeping heterodyne reflectometers we have determined the temporal dynamic of the density fluctuation profile from the edge to the center during an H-mode discharge. At the L-H transition, the turbulence reduction seems to occur, at first, simultaneously from the edge to the center then deepens at the edge at ρ ~ 0.95 and this deepening propagates toward the center with a steepening of the wavenumber spectra. During an edge localized mode (ELM) event, a substantial density fluctuations increase has been observed with a localized turbulent wave front propagating toward the center accompanying a particle transport. We also show that type-III ELMs sustain a steady and high level of plasma turbulence compare to type-I.
Multifield measurement of magnetic fluctuation-induced particle flux in a high-temperature toroidal plasma
Authors: Lin L. , Ding W.X. , Brower D.L. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Magnetic fluctuation-induced particle transport is explored in the high-temperature, high-beta interior of the Madison symmetric torus (MST) reversed-field pinch by performing a multifield measurement of the correlated product of magnetic and density fluctuations associated with global resistive tearing modes. Local density fluctuations are obtained by inverting the line-integrated interferometry data after resolving the mode helicity through correlation techniques. The local magnetic and current density fluctuations are then reconstructed using a parameterized fit of Faraday-effect polarimetry measurements. Reconstructed 2D images of density and current density perturbations in a poloidal cross section exhibit significantly different spatial structure. Combined with their relative phase, the magnetic-fluctuation-induced particle transport flux and its spatial distribution are resolved. The convective magnetic fluctuation-induced particle flux profile is measured for both standard and high-performance plasmas in MST with tokamak-like confinement, showing large reduction in the flux during improved confinement.
The Relationship Between Behavioral States and Oral Feeding Efficiency in Preterm Infants
Authors: Griffith Thao , Rankin Kristin , White-Traut Rosemary 
Published: September 2016

Background:
The relationship between behavioral states (alert, sleep, drowsy, and crying) and oral feeding efficiency in preterm infants is not well understood.

Purpose:
To determine the relationship between behavioral states and feeding efficiency in preterm infants.

Methods:
This correlational study was conducted as a secondary analysis from a randomized controlled trial. Medically stable preterm infants born between 29 and 34 weeks' gestational age participated. Baseline data from the randomized controlled trial (week 0), 1 minute prior to feeding, were used. Behavioral states were coded by 2 blinded coders. Oral feeding efficiency (mL/min) was calculated as the amount of intake over the first 10 minutes of feeding.

Results:
Data from 147 infants were included. The proportion of time spent in alert states (β = .76, F = 11.29, P ≤ .05), sleep states (β = −1.08, F = 25.26, P ≤ .05), and crying (β = 1.50, F = 12.51, P ≤ .05) uniquely predicted oral feeding efficiency.

Implications for Practice:
Comprehensive assessment of behavioral states and infant characteristics for oral feeding readiness is crucial. Alert states are optimal for oral feeding. Forced oral feeding when infants are sleeping should be avoided. Infants in crying or drowsy states prior to feeding should be closely evaluated. Sleeping or drowsy infants may benefit from interventions (eg, oral sensory stimulation, nonnutritive sucking, or multisensory intervention) to support transition to alert states prior to feeding.

Implications for Research:
Future research should evaluate behavioral states prior to and during feeding and their relationship to oral feeding efficiency.
Biomarkers for the identification of recurrence in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer patients
Authors: Pruneri Giancarlo , Bonizzi Giuseppina , Vingiani Andrea 
Published: September 2016

Purpose of review
This review discusses the mechanisms of anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) resistance in breast cancer patients, detailing possible predictive biomarkers of therapy benefit that could implement novel therapeutic strategies.

Recent findings
Despite a remarkable improvement in survival over the past two decades, up to 30% of early-stage HER2+ breast cancer patients exhibit de-novo or acquired resistance to targeted therapy, underlying the need of developing predictive biomarkers.

Summary
The role of HER family receptor redundancy, p95HER2 expression, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin downstream pathway activation in counteracting the inhibitory effects of anti-HER2 targeted therapy has been addressed. We also discuss the possible inconsistencies in the definition of HER2 positivity according to American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists guidelines or molecular intrinsic subtypes, and address the role played by tumor heterogeneity and evolutionary clonal selection on therapy selective pressure. Finally, the interplay between adaptive immunity and anti-HER2 targeted therapy is extensively discussed, focusing on its putative predictive and prognostic role.
Association of estradiol with sleep apnea in depressed perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: a preliminary study
Authors: Galvan Thania , Camuso Julia , Sullivan Kathryn , Kim Semmie , White David , Redline Susan , Joffe Hadine 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Objective:
Women's risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) increases substantially during and after the menopausal transition, when depression risk is also elevated, raising the possibility that estrogen withdrawal contributes to OSA vulnerability, in turn contributing to mood disturbance. We examined the association between estradiol levels and OSA in depressed peri- and postmenopausal women.

Methods:
Thirty depressed peri-/postmenopausal women (mean body mass index [BMI] 30.82 kg/m2) without known OSA completed routine polysomnography concurrent with serum estradiol levels. Estradiol in women with apnea-hypopnea indices (AHI) ≥15 indicating moderate-to-severe OSA was compared against those with AHI less than 15 using logistic regression adjusting for age and BMI.

Results:
Thirteen women (43%) had AHI ≥15 (median AHI 21.6). Estradiol levels were lower (P = 0.02) in those with OSA (median 19, interquartile range 9-25 pg/mL) than without OSA (median 29, interquartile range 19-66 pg/mL). On univariate analysis, higher estradiol was associated with reduced odds of OSA (odds ratio 0.95, 95% CI 0.90-0.99, P = 0.04). After adjusting for age and BMI, estradiol levels remained associated with lower odds of OSA (odds ratio 0.90), but the association was no longer statistically significant (95% CI 0.76-1.05, P = 0.18). Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale scores did not differ between those with and without OSA.

Conclusions:
These preliminary results suggest that, in addition to higher BMI and age, lower estradiol may be associated with increased OSA risk in depressed women during the peri- and postmenopause, raising the possibility that estradiol withdrawal associated with menopause influences upper-airway patency in women.
MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIA-ASSOCIATED CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION—BEVACIZUMAB INTRAVITREAL INJECTION AND LASER TREATMENT
Authors: Fiorentzis Miltiadis , Käsmann-Kellner Barbara , Meyer Sascha , Seitz Berthold , Viestenz Arne 
Published: September 2016

Purpose:
To report a rare case of bilateral subretinal granulomas with choroidal neovascularization after Mycoplasma pneumoniae atypical pneumonia.

Methods:
Presentation of a 7-year-old girl, who showed bilateral atypical subretinal granulomas with choroidal neovascularization. Visual acuity was 20/20 oculus dexter and 20/200 oculus sinister. Evaluation revealed a systemic Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection with pulmonary involvement. Successful ocular treatment was performed by intravitreal injection of Bevacizumab and laser photocoagulation.

Results:
Visual acuity was unchanged 36 months after treatment. No further subretinal lesions were seen oculus uterque.

Conclusion:
To the best of their knowledge and according to literature this patient report is the first one of subretinal granuloma formation after pneumonia due to mycoplasma infection. Since Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common pathogen, especially in children and young adults, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any febrile illness accompanied by ocular signs.
Current status of the influence of osteoporosis on periodontology and implant dentistry
Authors: Chambrone Leandro 
Published: September 2016

Purpose of review
This review summarizes recent evidence on the impact of osteoporosis on periodontonlogy and implant dentistry, prevalence of diseases, pathophysiology and treatment outcomes.

Recent findings
Patients with osteoporosis should be advised about the importance of returning for periodical periodontal maintenance as inadequate oral care may lead to a faster development of periodontitis. There is no definitive information on the development of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw associated with dental implant therapy. Patients presenting severe periodontitis, undergoing intravenous bisphosphonate therapy (for long-term periods) and submitted to more invasive periodontal/peri-implant surgical procedures (that can promote superior dentoalveolar surgical trauma) might be advised about the possibility of developing bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw following dental therapy. Thus, individualized risk evaluation must be undertaken by both the medical and dental teams prior to any dental treatment.

Summary
The most recent literature on the impact of osteoporosis on the periodontal and peri-implant tissues was reviewed to emphasize the importance of oral hygiene measures, and the combined medical/dental assessment of importance when osteoporotic patients are in need of dentoalveolar surgical procedures (e.g. tooth extraction and dental implant placement).
Multifaceted Comparison of Two Cryotherapy Devices Used After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Schinsky Mark F. , McCune Christine , Bonomi Judith 
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND:
Some form of cryotherapy used after total knee arthroplasty is commonplace. However, various factors determine the specific device deployed.

PURPOSE:
This study aimed to answer the following questions:
Is an ice/gel pack cryotherapy wrap noninferior to a more elaborate circulating cold water therapy device in terms of patient outcomes, patient satisfaction, and hospital staff satisfaction?What is the projected economic impact of using an ice/gel pack cryotherapy wrap versus a circulating cold water cryotherapy device?

METHODS:
A group of 100 patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty by a single surgeon were enrolled in an institutional review board–approved, prospective study and randomized to receive either a circulating cold water or ice/gel pack cryotherapy device postoperatively. Demographic, pain, swelling, blood loss, range of motion, compliance, satisfaction, and adverse event outcomes were recorded until 6 weeks after surgery. Hospital staff satisfaction and economic variables were examined.

RESULTS:
The ice/gel pack cryotherapy wrap was noninferior to the cold water cryotherapy device for any patient outcome measured. Average pain level at 6 weeks postoperative was significantly less in the ice/gel pack cryotherapy wrap group. Hospital staff satisfaction was higher with the ice/gel pack cryotherapy wrap.
Substantial economic savings can be realized at our institution by switching to the lower cost cryotherapy device.

CONCLUSION:
In this study, the lower cost ice/gel pack cryotherapy wrap was noninferior to the circulating ice water cryotherapy device with respect to objective patient outcomes and subjective patient satisfaction after total knee arthroplasty. Hospital staff satisfaction and economic considerations also favor the ice/gel pack compression cryotherapy wraps.
Association of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support Adequacy and Residual Lesions With Outcomes in Neonates Supported After Cardiac Surgery*
Authors: Howard Taylor S. , Kalish Brian T. , Wigmore Daniel , Nathan Meena , Kulik Thomas J. , Kaza Aditya K. , Williams Kathryn , Thiagarajan Ravi R. 
Published: September 2016

Objectives:
There is a paucity of data regarding the impact of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support, adequacy of surgical repair, and timing of intervention for residual structural lesions in neonates cannulated to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation after cardiac surgery. Our goal was to determine how these factors were associated with survival.

Design:
Retrospective study.

Setting:
Cardiovascular ICU.

Subjects:
Neonates (≤ 28 d old) with congenital heart disease cannulated to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation after cardiac surgery during 2006–2013.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Eighty-four neonates were cannulated to venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation after cardiac surgery. Survival to discharge was 50%. There was no difference in survival based on surgical complexity and those with single or biventricular congenital heart disease. Prematurity (≤ 36 wk gestation; odds ratio, 2.33; p = 0.01), preextracorporeal membrane oxygenation pH less than or equal to 7.17 (odds ratio, 2.01; p = 0.04), need for inotrope support during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (odds ratio, 3.99; p = 0.03), and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation duration greater than 168 hours (odds ratio, 2.04; p = 0.04) were all associated with increased mortality. Although preextracorporeal membrane oxygenation lactate was not significantly different between survivors and nonsurvivors, unresolved lactic acidosis greater than or equal to 72 hours after cannulation (odds ratio, 2.77; p = 0.002) was associated with increased mortality. Finally, many patients (n = 70; 83%) were noted to have residual lesions after cardiac surgery, and time to diagnosis or correction of residual lesions was significantly shorter in survivors (1 vs 2 d; p = 0.02).

Conclusions:
Our data suggest that clearance of lactate is an important therapeutic target for patients cannulated to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. In addition, timely identification of residual lesions and expedient interventions on those lesions may improve survival.
Estimated HIV Incidence in the United States, 2003–2010
Authors: Xia Qiang , Teixeira-Pinto Armando , Forgione Lisa A. , Wiewel Ellen W. , Braunstein Sarah L. , Torian Lucia V. 
Published: September 2016

Objective:
To estimate HIV incidence in the United States using a newly developed method.

Methods:
The analysis period (2002–2011) was broken down into 3-year periods with overlaps, and HIV incidence was estimated based on the relationship between number of new diagnoses and HIV incidence in each of these 3-year periods, by assuming that all HIV infections would eventually be diagnosed and within each 3-year period HIV incidence and case finding were stable.

Results:
The estimated HIV incidence in the United States decreased from 52,721 (range: 47,449–57,993) in 2003 to 39,651 (range: 35,686–43,617) in 2010, among males from 38,164 (range: 35,051–42,840) to 33,035 (range: 29,088–35,553), and among females from 13,557 (range: 12,133–14,830) to 6616 (range: 5825 to 7120).

Conclusions:
Using a simple and novel method based on the number of new HIV diagnoses, we were able to estimate HIV incidence and report a declining trend in HIV incidence in the United States since 2003.
Protein turnover measurement using selected reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry (SRM-MS)
Authors: Holman Stephen W. , Hammond Dean E. , Simpson Deborah M. , Waters John , Hurst Jane L. , Beynon Robert J. 
Published: September 2016

Protein turnover represents an important mechanism in the functioning of cells, with deregulated synthesis and degradation of proteins implicated in many diseased states. Therefore, proteomics strategies to measure turnover rates with high confidence are of vital importance to understanding many biological processes. In this study, the more widely used approach of non-targeted precursor ion signal intensity (MS1) quantification is compared with selected reaction monitoring (SRM), a data acquisition strategy that records data for specific peptides, to determine if improved quantitative data would be obtained using a targeted quantification approach. Using mouse liver as a model system, turnover measurement of four tricarboxylic acid cycle proteins was performed using both MS1 and SRM quantification strategies. SRM outperformed MS1 in terms of sensitivity and selectivity of measurement, allowing more confident determination of protein turnover rates. SRM data are acquired using cheaper and more widely available tandem quadrupole mass spectrometers, making the approach accessible to a larger number of researchers than MS1 quantification, which is best performed on high mass resolution instruments. SRM acquisition is ideally suited to focused studies where the turnover of tens of proteins is measured, making it applicable in determining the dynamics of proteins complexes and complete metabolic pathways.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Quantitative mass spectrometry’.
Quantitative mass spectrometry methods for pharmaceutical analysis
Authors: Loos Glenn , Van Schepdael Ann , Cabooter Deirdre 
Published: September 2016

Quantitative pharmaceutical analysis is nowadays frequently executed using mass spectrometry. Electrospray ionization coupled to a (hybrid) triple quadrupole mass spectrometer is generally used in combination with solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography. Furthermore, isotopically labelled standards are often used to correct for ion suppression. The challenges in producing sensitive but reliable quantitative data depend on the instrumentation, sample preparation and hyphenated techniques. In this contribution, different approaches to enhance the ionization efficiencies using modified source geometries and improved ion guidance are provided. Furthermore, possibilities to minimize, assess and correct for matrix interferences caused by co-eluting substances are described. With the focus on pharmaceuticals in the environment and bioanalysis, different separation techniques, trends in liquid chromatography and sample preparation methods to minimize matrix effects and increase sensitivity are discussed. Although highly sensitive methods are generally aimed for to provide automated multi-residue analysis, (less sensitive) miniaturized set-ups have a great potential due to their ability for in-field usage.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Quantitative mass spectrometry’.
Quantitative aspects of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Authors: Bulska Ewa , Wagner Barbara 
Published: September 2016

Accurate determination of elements in various kinds of samples is essential for many areas, including environmental science, medicine, as well as industry. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is a powerful tool enabling multi-elemental analysis of numerous matrices with high sensitivity and good precision. Various calibration approaches can be used to perform accurate quantitative measurements by ICP-MS. They include the use of pure standards, matrix-matched standards, or relevant certified reference materials, assuring traceability of the reported results. This review critically evaluates the advantages and limitations of different calibration approaches, which are used in quantitative analyses by ICP-MS. Examples of such analyses are provided.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Quantitative mass spectrometry’.