bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conductive framework of inverse opal structure for sulfur cathode in lithium-sulfur batteries
Authors: Jin Lu , Huang Xiaopeng , Zeng Guobo , Wu Hua , Morbidelli Massimo 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAs a promising cathode inheritor for lithium-ion batteries, the sulfur cathode exhibits very high theoretical volumetric capacity and energy density. In its practical applications, one has to solve the insulating properties of sulfur and the shuttle effect that deteriorates cycling stability. The state-of-the-art approaches are to confine sulfur in a conductive matrix. In this work, we utilize monodisperse polystyrene nanoparticles as sacrificial templates to build polypyrrole (PPy) framework of an inverse opal structure to accommodate (encapsulate) sulfur through a combined in situ polymerization and melting infiltration approach. In the design, the interconnected conductive PPy provides open channels for sulfur infiltration, improves electrical and ionic conductivity of the embedded sulfur, and reduces polysulfide dissolution in the electrolyte through physical and chemical adsorption. The flexibility of PPy and partial filling of the inverse opal structure endure possible expansion and deformation during long-term cycling. It is found that the long cycling stability of the cells using the prepared material as the cathode can be substantially improved. The result demonstrates the possibility of constructing a pure conductive polymer framework to accommodate insulate sulfur in ion battery applications.
Distribution behavior of superparamagnetic carbon nanotubes in an aqueous system
Authors: Bai Xue , Liu Yuqi , Yu Lu , Hua Zulin 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis study investigates the distribution behavior of superparamagnetic multiwalled carbon nanotubes (SPM-MWCNTs) in an aqueous system containing Lake Tai sediment. Specifically, the effects of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and sediment on SPM-MWCNTs under various conditions and the interaction forms between them were evaluated through a modified mathematical model and characterization. The results showed that DOM can stabilize SPM-MWCNTs by providing sterically and electrostatically stable surfaces, even under high sodium concentrations. The fitting accuracy of the Freundlich adsorption isotherm is higher than that of the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Therefore, the adsorption of SPM-MWCNT on the sediment should proceed through a multiple, complex and heterogeneous adsorption mechanism. Characterization analyses indicated that DOM may serve as a bridge for the inorganic adsorption between SPM-MWCNTs and sediment. This study is the first to investigate the distribution behavior of magnetite coated carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which simplified the separation and quantification considerably. The findings of this study will serve as a valuable reference for future studies of magnetic CNTs.
Role of Nesfatin-1 in the Reproductive Axis of Male Rat
Authors: Gao Xiaoxiao , Zhang Kaifa , Song Min , Li Xiumei , Luo Lei , Tian Yuan , Zhang Yunhai , Li Yunsheng , Zhang Xiaorong , Ling Yinghui , Fang Fugui , Liu Ya 
Published: September 2016

AbstractNesfatin-1 is an important molecule in the regulation of reproduction. However, its role in the reproductive axis in male animals remains to be understood. Here, we found that nesfatin-1 was mainly distributed in the arcuate nucleus (ARC), paraventricular nucleus (PVN), periventricular nucleus (PeN), and lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) of the hypothalamus; adenohypophysis and Leydig cells in male rats. Moreover, the concentrations of serum nesfatin-1 and its mRNA in hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPGA) vary with the age of the male rat. After intracerebroventricular injection of nesfatin-1, the hypothalamic genes for gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH), kisspeptin (Kiss-1), pituitary genes for follicle-stimulate hormone β(FSHβ), luteinizing hormone β(LHβ), and genes for testicular steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) expression levels were decreased significantly. Nesfatin-1 significantly increased the expression of genes for 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD), and cytochrome P450 cleavage (P450scc) in the testis of pubertal rats, but their levels decreased in adult rats (P < 0.05), along with the serum FSH, LH, and testosterone (T) concentrations. After nesfatin-1 addition in vitro, T concentrations of the supernatant were significantly higher than that in the control group. These results were suggestive of the role of nesfatin-1 in the regulation of the reproductive axis in male rats.
Gene expression clines reveal local adaptation and associated trade-offs at a continental scale
Authors: Porcelli Damiano , Westram Anja M. , Pascual Marta , Gaston Kevin J. , Butlin Roger K. , Snook Rhonda R. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractLocal adaptation, where fitness in one environment comes at a cost in another, should lead to spatial variation in trade-offs between life history traits and may be critical for population persistence. Recent studies have sought genomic signals of local adaptation, but often have been limited to laboratory populations representing two environmentally different locations of a species’ distribution. We measured gene expression, as a proxy for fitness, in males of Drosophila subobscura, occupying a 20° latitudinal and 11 °C thermal range. Uniquely, we sampled six populations and studied both common garden and semi-natural responses to identify signals of local adaptation. We found contrasting patterns of investment: transcripts with expression positively correlated to latitude were enriched for metabolic processes, expressed across all tissues whereas negatively correlated transcripts were enriched for reproductive processes, expressed primarily in testes. When using only the end populations, to compare our results to previous studies, we found that locally adaptive patterns were obscured. While phenotypic trade-offs between metabolic and reproductive functions across widespread species are well-known, our results identify underlying genetic and tissue responses at a continental scale that may be responsible for this. This may contribute to understanding population persistence under environmental change.
Patient-Reported Measures of Hearing Loss and Tinnitus in Pediatric Cancer and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Stark Daniel , Rosenberg Abby R. , Johnston Donna , Knight Kristin , Caperon Lizzie , Uleryk Elizabeth , Frazier A. Lindsay , Sung Lillian 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
We identified studies that described use of any patient-reported outcome scale for hearing loss or tinnitus among children and adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients.

Method
In this systematic review, we performed electronic searches of OvidSP MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO to August 2015. We included studies if they used any patient-reported scale of hearing loss or tinnitus among children and AYAs with cancer or HSCT recipients. Only English language publications were included. Two reviewers identified studies and abstracted data.

Results
There were 953 studies screened; 6 met eligibility criteria. All studies administered hearing patient-reported outcomes only once, after therapy completion. None of the studies described the psychometric properties of the hearing-specific component. Three instruments (among 6 studies) were used: Health Utilities Index (Barr et al., 2000; Fu et al., 2006; Kennedy et al., 2014), Hearing Measurement Scales (Einar-Jon et al., 2011; Einarsson et al., 2011), and the Tinnitus Questionnaire for Auditory Brainstem Implant (Soussi & Otto, 1994). All had limitations, precluding routine use for hearing assessment in this population.

Conclusions
We identified few studies that included hearing patient-reported measures for children and AYA cancer and HSCT patients. None are ideal to take forward into future studies. Future work should focus on the creation of a new psychometrically sound instrument for hearing outcomes in this population.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14963898
Do Adolescents With Specific Language Impairment Understand Driving Terminology?
Authors: Pandolfe Jessica M. , Wittke Kacie , Spaulding Tammie J. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
This study examined if adolescents with specific language impairment (SLI) understand driving vocabulary as well as their typically developing (TD) peers.

Method
A total of 16 adolescents with SLI and 16 TD comparison adolescents completed a receptive vocabulary task focused on driving terminology derived from statewide driver's manuals.

Results
The SLI group understood fewer driving-related terms when compared with the TD comparison group. Although both groups performed comparably in understanding simple noun driving terminology, the SLI group had greater difficulty comprehending compound noun and verb driving terms.

Discussion
The decreased understanding of terms found in driver's manuals for adolescents with SLI has implications for how they access necessary information for learning the driving rules, regulations, and procedures important for securing a driver's license.
The Effects of Influenza Vaccination during Pregnancy on Birth Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Nunes Marta , Aqil Anushka , Omer Saad , Madhi Shabir 
Published: September 2016

Objective Numerous observational studies have evaluated the relationship between influenza vaccination during pregnancy and birth outcomes. The number of studies on this subject has increased, especially after the 2009 A/H1N1 pandemic (A/H1N1pdm09). This meta-analysis aims to determine the impact of maternal vaccination with either seasonal trivalent inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV) or A/H1N1pdm09 monovalent vaccines on the rates of preterm (PTB), small for gestational age (SGA), and low birth weight (LBW) births.
Methods English language randomized controlled trials and observational studies assessing the proposed outcomes after administration of influenza vaccine during pregnancy were screened. Observational studies were included if they presented adjusted measures and if the total number of women evaluated reached predefined thresholds. Sensitivity analyses were performed, including all published observational studies irrespectively of the sample size.
Results A total of 5 and 13 publications that assessed the impact of IIV and monovalent A/H1N1pdm09 vaccines, respectively, fulfilled the inclusion criteria for the main analyses. The rate of PTB and LBW was lower in women who received IIV during pregnancy compared with nonvaccinated women (odds ratio [OR]: 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.77, 0.98 for PTB and OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.88 for LBW); and in women vaccinated with monovalent A/H1N1pdm09 versus nonvaccinated women (OR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.85, 0.99 for PTB and OR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.79, 0.98 for LBW). No significant impact of vaccination on SGA birth rates was detected in the main analyses independently of the vaccine group.
Conclusion Receipt of influenza vaccine during pregnancy was associated with a decreased risk of PTB and LBW.
What Is the Best Initial Empirical Treatment of Suspected Sepsis in a Newborn Readmitted Soon after Discharge Home in an Era of Increased Resistance to Antibiotics? A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Castagnola Elio , Gargiullo Livia , Renna Salvatore , Loy Anna , Risso Francesco , Moscatelli Andrea , Baldelli Ivana , Cangemi Giuliana , Bandettini Roberto 
Published: September 2016

Background Colonization/infection by antibiotic-resistant bacteria is becoming a major threat to health care systems.
Case report Two septic neonates were readmitted in our hospital few days after hospital discharge. In both of them, microbiological workup revealed an infection caused by multiresistant pathogens. Noteworthy, one baby had received intensive care management for 4 weeks, whereas the other had been vaginally delivered and sent home on his second day of life.
Conclusion These cases suggest that in countries and/or hospital with high prevalence of colonization/infection by resistant pathogens in nurseries, neonatal intensive care units, and obstetric wards, the choice of initial therapy of suspected sepsis in a neonate readmitted from home soon after discharge should take into account the possibility of an infection due to a multiresistant pathogen.
Lactoferrin Levels in Human Milk after Preterm and Term Delivery
Authors: Albenzio Marzia , Santillo Antonella , Stolfi Ilaria , Manzoni Paolo , Iliceto Alice , Rinaldi Matteo , Magaldi Rosario 
Published: September 2016

Background Lactoferrin (LF) is a highly represented, functional glycoprotein in human milk, exerting a wide range of anti-infective, immunomodulatory, and prebiotic actions in the neonate. Limited data are available assessing the concentrations and levels of LF in maternal milk over time during lactation in mothers who delivered infants at different GAs. Our aim with the present study was to determine the levels of LF in human milk from mothers of preterm and term infants and to evaluate the variations at a different time from delivery, in colostrum and mature milk.
Methods Mothers of preterm and term infants from the Neonatology Unit in Foggia, Italy, were approached and enrolled in this study. From each mother, milk samples were collected within the first 3 days after birth (group A, 0–72 hours), between the 5th and 7th day after delivery (group B, 120–168 hours), and after the 10th day (group C, > 240 hours). All milk samples were divided into five groups, according to the GA of the infants: 24 to 27.6 weeks of GA (I), 28 to 31.6 weeks of GA (II), 32 to 34.6 weeks of GA (III), 35 to 37.6 weeks of GA (IV), and > 38 weeks of GA (V). Milk samples were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to determine the content of LF.
Results A total of 84 milk samples were collected from 28 mothers. We found that infant's GA, as well as the time of sampling, affected the levels of LF in milk. On one hand, LF showed higher content in human milk from group I (GA: 24–27.6 weeks) compared with the other groups (p < 0.01), and the levels of LF in colostrum were significantly correlated with GA (r = −0.31; p < 0.05). On the other hand, the LF content of milk had a significant decreasing trend over time. Overall, the highest values of LF were detected in preterm infants' maternal milk with a baby birth weight, lower than 1,400 g. Approximately 350 µg/mL was identified as the mean, physiological LF content in human mature milk in our population.
Conclusions Levels of LF in human milk vary significantly over time during lactation and according to GA. This variability in the LF content of human milk may reflect the different needs of different infants during the early days and weeks of life. These data might help to inform models to design tailored supplementation strategies of LF in the nurseries and after home discharge.
EFSUMB Recommendations and Guidelines for Gastrointestinal Ultrasound - Part 1: Examination Techniques and Normal Findings (Long version)
Authors: Nylund Kim , Maconi Giovanni , Hollerweger Alois , Ripolles Tomas , Pallotta Nadia , Higginson Antony , Serra Carla , Dietrich Christoph , Sporea Ioan , Saftoiu Adrian , Dirks Klaus , Hausken Trygve , Calabrese Emma , Romanini Laura , Maaser Christian , Nuernberg Dieter , Gilja Odd 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn October 2014 the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology formed a Gastrointestinal Ultrasound (GIUS) task force group to promote the use of GIUS in a clinical setting. One of the main objectives of the task force group was to develop clinical recommendations and guidelines for the use of GIUS under the auspices of EFSUMB. The first part, gives an overview of the examination techniques for GIUS recommended by experts in the field. It also presents the current evidence for the interpretation of normal sonoanatomical and physiological features as examined with different ultrasound modalities.
Prolonged activation of innate antiviral gene signature after childbirth is determined byIFNL3genotype
Authors: Price Aryn A. , Tedesco Dana , Prasad Mona R. , Workowski Kimberly A. , Walker Christopher M. , Suthar Mehul S. , Honegger Jonathan R. , Grakoui Arash 
Published: September 2016

SignificanceIn this study, we examined the possibility that the maternal innate immune system is modulated following delivery. We identified an interferon-stimulated gene signature that was primarily expressed in CD14+cells circulating in the peripheral blood. Postpartum antiviral gene expression depended on the interferon-λ3 (IFNL3) single-nucleotide polymorphism rs12979860, which suggests thatIFNL3genotype may influence a mother’s innate immune response following delivery.
Magnetite pollution nanoparticles in the human brain
Authors: Maher Barbara A. , Ahmed Imad A. M. , Karloukovski Vassil , MacLaren Donald A. , Foulds Penelope G. , Allsop David , Mann David M. A. , Torres-Jardón Ricardo , Calderon-Garciduenas Lilian 
Published: September 2016

SignificanceWe identify the abundant presence in the human brain of magnetite nanoparticles that match precisely the high-temperature magnetite nanospheres, formed by combustion and/or friction-derived heating, which are prolific in urban, airborne particulate matter (PM). Because many of the airborne magnetite pollution particles are <200 nm in diameter, they can enter the brain directly through the olfactory nerve and by crossing the damaged olfactory unit. This discovery is important because nanoscale magnetite can respond to external magnetic fields, and is toxic to the brain, being implicated in production of damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Because enhanced ROS production is causally linked to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, exposure to such airborne PM-derived magnetite nanoparticles might need to be examined as a possible hazard to human health.
Men’s status and reproductive success in 33 nonindustrial societies: Effects of subsistence, marriage system, and reproductive strategy
Authors: von Rueden Christopher R. , Jaeggi Adrian V. 
Published: September 2016

SignificanceMuch of human behavior results from a desire for social status. From an evolutionary perspective, answering the question of why we pursue status must consider how status affects reproduction, especially in nonindustrial societies with natural fertility. In a metaanalysis of 288 results from 33 nonindustrial populations, we find that status is significantly associated with men’s reproductive success, consistent with an evolved basis for status pursuit. Status hierarchies have changed dramatically throughout human history, yet we find that the association between status and reproductive success does not depend on subsistence category (foraging, horticulture, pastoralism, agriculture) or how status is measured. These findings suggest no significant increase in selection on status-enhancing traits with the domestication of plants and animals.
Report on APMP key comparison: calibration of angle standards
Authors: Kang C -S , Kruger O A , Cox P , Xue Z , Liou P , Wong S Y , Chaudhary K P , Alfiyati N , Watanabe T , Eom T , Halim R M , Tan S L , Tonmueanwai A , Dibo M 
Published: September 2016

A regional key comparison, APMP.L-K3 (calibration of angle standards) was held in 2005.
Thirteen National Metrology Institutes (NMISA,	NMIA,	KRISS,	NMIJ/ AIST,	NMC/ A*STAR, NIMT,	SCL,	CMS/ ITRI,	NPLI,	RCM- LIPI,	NIM, and	NSCL) have participated in this comparison and the measurements were carried out during the period from April 2005 to December 2007.
This report describes the measurement results of a 12-sided optical polygon with nominal angles of 30°, and four angle blocks with nominal angles of 5 arc seconds, 5 minutes, 30 minutes and 5 degrees, respectively.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCL, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Activity measurements of the radionuclide 99mTc for the VNIIM, Russian Federation and ENEA-INMRI, Italy, in the ongoing comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K4.Tc-99m and KCRV update in the BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Tc-99m comparison
Authors: Michotte C , Nonis M , Alekseev I V , Kharitonov I A , Tereshchenko E E , Zanevskiy A V , Capogni M , De Felice P , Fazio A , Carconi P 
Published: September 2016

In 2014, comparisons of activity measurements of 99mTc using the Transfer Instrument of the International Reference System (SIRTI) took place at the VNIIM (Russian Federation) and at the ENEA-INMRI (Italy), with comparison identifier BIPM.RI(II)-K4.Tc-99m. Ampoules containing about 32 kBq of 99mTc solutions were measured in the SIRTI for three half-lives. There are now nine results in the BIPM.RI(II)-K4.Tc-99m comparison. This comparison is linked to the BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Tc-99m comparison and the key comparison reference value (KCRV) of the BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Tc-99m has been updated to include eligible results from BIPM.RI(II)-K4.Tc-99m. The degrees of equivalence between each equivalent activity measured in the SIR or the SIRTI and the KCRV have been calculated and the results are given in the form of a table. A graphical presentation is also given.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Assessment of configurations and chemistries of bridged nucleic acids-containing oligomers as external guide sequences: a methodology for inhibition of expression of antibiotic resistance genes
Authors: Jackson Alexis , Jani Saumya , Davies-Sala Carol , Soler-Bistué Alfonso J C , Zorreguieta Angeles , Tolmasky Marcelo E 
Published: September 2016

AbstractExternal guide sequences (EGSs) are short antisense oligoribonucleotides that elicit RNase P-mediated cleavage of a target mRNA, which results in inhibition of gene expression. EGS technology is used to inhibit expression of a wide variety of genes, a strategy that may lead to development of novel treatments of numerous diseases, including multidrug-resistant bacterial and viral infections. Successful development of EGS technology depends on finding nucleotide analogs that resist degradation by nucleases present in biological fluids and the environment but still elicit RNase P-mediated degradation when forming a duplex with a target mRNA. Previous results suggested that locked nucleic acids (LNA)/DNA chimeric oligomers have these properties. LNA are now considered the first generation of compounds collectively known as bridged nucleic acids (BNAs) – modified ribonucleotides that contain a bridge at the 2ʹ,4ʹ-position of the ribose. LNA and the second-generation BNA, known as BNANC, differ in the chemical nature of the bridge. Chimeric oligomers containing LNA or BNANC and deoxynucleotide monomers in different configurations are nuclease resistant and could be excellent EGS compounds. However, not all configurations may be equally active as EGSs. RNase P cleavage assays comparing LNA/DNA and BNANC/DNA chimeric oligonucleotides that share identical nucleotide sequence but with different configurations were carried out using as target the amikacin resistance aac(6ʹ)-Ib mRNA. LNA/DNA gapmers with 5 and 3/4 LNA residues at the 5ʹ- and 3ʹ-ends, respectively, were the most efficient EGSs while all BNANC/DNA gapmers showed very poor activity. When the most efficient LNA/DNA gapmer was covalently bound to a cell-penetrating peptide, the hybrid compound conserved the EGS activity as determined by RNase P cleavage assays and reduced the levels of resistance to amikacin when added to Acinetobacter baumannii cells in culture, an indication of cellular uptake and biological activity.