bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding Your Emotions—What Is an Emotion?
Authors: Barlow David H. , Sauer-Zavala Shannon , Farchione Todd J. , Latin Heather Murray , Ellard Kristen K. , Bullis Jacqueline R. , Bentley Kate H. , Boettcher Hannah T. , Cassiello-Robbins Clair 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Chapter 5 of Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders: Workbook teaches that emotions are necessary and helpful in our day-to-day lives and explains why we wouldn’t actually want to get rid of all “bad” feelings. Instead of getting rid of negative emotions, the goal of this treatment is to help people respond differently when these emotions come up. The chapter looks at how emotions (such as fear, sadness, anxiety, and anger, as well as positive emotions, like happiness, excitement, and pride) can go from providing useful input to feeling totally overwhelming. Emotional experiences are made less overwhelming by breaking them down into more manageable parts—thoughts, physical sensations, and behaviors.
Understanding and Confronting Physical Sensations
Authors: Barlow David H. , Sauer-Zavala Shannon , Farchione Todd J. , Latin Heather Murray , Ellard Kristen K. , Bullis Jacqueline R. , Bentley Kate H. , Boettcher Hannah T. , Cassiello-Robbins Clair 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Chapter 10 of Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders: Workbook looks at the third part of an emotional experience—the physical sensations associated with our emotions. Physical sensations refer to any physical symptoms that we might experience during strong emotions (e.g., racing heart, sweating, or nausea). We learn to identify these physical sensations and how they impact our experience of emotions. We then learn to confront uncomfortable physical sensations through physical exercises designed to bring on the sensations that come up when we have strong emotions. We do this because facing physical sensations over and over makes them easier to tolerate.
The Role of Medication in the Treatment of Emotional Disorders
Authors: Barlow David H. , Sauer-Zavala Shannon , Farchione Todd J. , Latin Heather Murray , Ellard Kristen K. , Bullis Jacqueline R. , Bentley Kate H. , Boettcher Hannah T. , Cassiello-Robbins Clair 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Chapter 12 of Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders: Workbook describes medications that are commonly prescribed for emotional disorders. These include anti-anxiety medications such as benzodiazepines and beta blockers, as well as antidepressant medications like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. In addition, individuals with emotional disorders are sometimes prescribed mood stabilizers or antipsychotic medications. The chapter answers frequently asked questions about medications. It also provides recommendations for how to discontinue medications under the supervision of the prescribing physician. This treatment program can be completed in combination with the use of medication and considerations for this practice are described in this chapter.
A black hole–white dwarf compact binary model for long gamma-ray bursts without supernova association
Authors: Dong Yi-Ze , Gu Wei-Min , Liu Tong , Wang Junfeng 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are luminous and violent phenomena in the Universe. Traditionally, long GRBs are expected to be produced by the collapse of massive stars and associated with supernovae. However, some low-redshift long GRBs have no detection of supernova association, such as GRBs 060505, 060614, and 111005A. It is hard to classify these events convincingly according to usual classifications, and the lack of the supernova implies a non-massive star origin. We propose a new path to produce long GRBs without supernova association, the unstable and extremely violent accretion in a contact binary system consisting of a stellar-mass black hole and a white dwarf, which fills an important gap in compact binary evolution.
An Open-Label Clinical Trial of Hypothalamic Deep Brain Stimulation for Human Morbid Obesity: BLESS Study Protocol
Authors: De Salles Antonio A F , Barbosa Daniel A N , Fernandes Fernando , Abucham Julio , Nazato Debora M , Oliveira Juliana D , Cury Abrão , Biasi Alexandre , Rossi Ronaldo , Lasagno Camila , Bueno Priscila T , Santos Renato H N , Damiani Lucas P , Gorgulho Alessandra A 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Human morbid obesity is increasing worldwide in an alarming way. The hypothalamus is known to mediate its mechanisms. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) may be an alternative to treat patients refractory to standard medical and surgical therapies.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the safety, identify possible side effects, and to optimize stimulation parameters of continuous VMH-DBS. Additionally, this study aims to determine if continuous VMH-DBS will lead to weight loss by causing changes in body composition, basal metabolism, or food intake control.

METHODS
The BLESS study is a feasibility study, single-center open-label trial. Six patients (body mass index > 40) will undergo low-frequency VMH-DBS. Data concerning timing, duration, frequency, severity, causal relationships, and associated electrical stimulation patterns regarding side effects or weight changes will be recorded.

EXPECTED OUTCOMES
We expect to demonstrate the safety, identify possible side effects, and to optimize electrophysiological parameters related to VMH-DBS. No clinical or behavioral adverse changes are expected. Weight loss ≥ 3% of the basal weight after 3 mo of electrical stimulation will be considered adequate. Changes in body composition and increase in basal metabolism are expected. The amount of food intake is likely to remain unchanged.

DISCUSSION
The design of this study protocol is to define the safety of the procedure, the surgical parameters important for target localization, and additionally the safety of long-term stimulation of the VMH in morbidly obese patients. Novel neurosurgical approaches to treat metabolic and autonomic diseases can be developed based on the data made available by this investigation.
Degradation of Neuronal Encoding of Speech in the Subthalamic Nucleus in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Tankus Ariel , Fried Itzhak 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Most of the patients with Parkinson's disease suffer from speech disorders characterized mainly by dysarthria and hypophonia.

OBJECTIVE
To understand the deterioration of speech in the course of Parkinson's disease.

METHODS
We intraoperatively recorded single neuron activity in the subthalamic nucleus of 18 neurosurgical patients with Parkinson's disease undergoing implantation of deep brain stimulator while patients articulated 5 vowel sounds.

RESULTS
Here, we report that single subthalamic neurons encode individual vowel phonemes and employ 1 of 2 encoding schemes: broad or sharp tuning. Broadly tuned units respond to all examined phonemes, each with a different firing rate, whereas sharply tuned ones are specific to 1 to 2 phonemes. We then show that in comparison with patients without speech deficits, the spiking activity in patients with speech disorders was lower during speech production, overt or imagined, but not during perception. However, patients with speech disorders employed a larger percentage of the neurons for the aforementioned tasks. Whereas the lower firing rates affect mainly sharply tuned units, the extra units used a broad tuning encoding scheme.

CONCLUSION
Our findings suggest mechanisms of neuronal degradation due to Parkinsonian speech disorders and their possible compensation. As impairment in sharply tuned units may be compensated by broadly tuned ones, the proposed compensation model appears to be suboptimal, lending support to the persistence of speech disorders in the course of the disease.
Spontaneous Regression of a Retroodontoid Transverse Ligament Cyst: A Case Report
Authors: Oushy Soliman , Carlstrom Lucas P , Krauss William E 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE
Transverse ligament cysts (TLC) are rare, surgically complex lesions arising posterior to the odontoid process of C2. Direct compression of the cervicomedullary junction is a devastating consequence of untreated lesions. We report the first case of spontaneous TLC regression without surgical intervention.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION
A 75-yr-old woman presented to an outside hospital with acute episodes of left face and upper extremity numbness. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a well-circumscribed 5.8 mm cystic mass at the atlantoaxial junction, posterior to the odontoid process, most consistent with a TLC. She presented to our institution 1 yr later with symptoms of progressive occipital neuralgia seeking surgical treatment. No evidence of cervical myelopathy was identified on clinical examination. Repeat MRI showed near doubling of the cyst, with no brainstem edema. The patient elected for surveillance of the cyst with a transforaminal steroid injection at C1-C2 for her occipital neuralgia. One year later, symptoms of occipital neuralgia had resolved and she remained neurologically intact; MRI of the cervical spine showed near complete involution of the cyst.

CONCLUSION
Symptomatic TLCs are often managed with surgical decompression and, in selected cases, fusion with good functional outcome. However, these interventions carry high risk of postoperative morbidity, particularly in the elderly. Conservative surveillance is rarely reported as a viable option. We present the first case of spontaneous TLC regression in the absence surgery or neck bracing. In select patients without acute myelopathy, clinical and radiographic surveillance may be considered for the management of TLCs.
Physical Therapists’ Ability to Identify Psychological Factors and Their Self-Reported Competence to Manage Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Brunner Emanuel , Dankaerts Wim , Meichtry André , O’Sullivan Kieran , Probst Michel 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background
In the management of chronic low back pain (LBP), identifying and managing more patients who are at high risk and who have psychological barriers to recovery is important yet difficult.

Objective
The objective of this study was to test physical therapists’ ability to allocate patients into risk stratification groups, test correlations between therapists’ assessments of psychological factors and patient questionnaires, and explore relationships between psychological factors and therapists’ self-reported competence to manage patients with chronic LBP.

Design
This was a pragmatic, observational study.

Methods
Patients completed the STarT Back Tool (SBT, for risk stratification), the Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire (distress, depression, anxiety), and the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (kinesiophobia) prior to the intake session. After this session, physical therapists estimated patient prognostic risk using the 3 SBT categories and rated patient psychological factors using a 0-to-10 scale. Finally, therapists reported their self-reported competence to manage the patient. Intraclass and Spearman rank correlations tested correlations between therapists’ intuitive assessments and patient questionnaires. A linear-mixed model explored relationships between psychological factors and therapists’ self-reported competence.

Results
Forty-nine patients were managed by 20 therapists. Therapists accurately estimated SBT risk allocation in only 41% of patients. Correlations between therapist perceptions and patient questionnaires were moderate for distress (r = 0.602) and fair for depression (r = 0.304) and anxiety (r = 0.327). There was no correlation for kinesiophobia (r = −0.007). Patient distress was identified as a negative predictor of therapists’ self–reported competence.

Limitations
This was a cross-sectional study, conducted in only 1 center.

Conclusions
Physical therapists were not very accurate at allocating patients into risk stratification groups or identifying psychological factors. Therapists’ self-reported competence in managing patients was lowest when patients reported higher distress.
Construct Validity of the Societal Outreach Scale (SOS)
Authors: Fike David S , Denton Jason , Walk Matt , Kish Jennifer , Gorman Ira 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background
The American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) has been working toward a vision of increasing professional focus on societal-level health. However, performance of social responsibility and related behaviors by physical therapists remain relatively poorly integrated into practice. Promoting a focus on societal outreach is necessary for all health care professionals to impact the health of their communities.

Objective
The objective was to document the validity of the 14-item Societal Outreach Scale (SOS) for use with practicing physical therapists.

Design
This study used a cross-sectional survey.

Methods
The SOS was transmitted via email to all therapists who were licensed and practicing in 10 states in the United States that were purposefully selected to assure a broad representation. A sample of 2612 usable responses was received. Factor analysis was applied to assess construct validity of the instrument.

Results
Of alternate models, a 3-factor model best demonstrated goodness of fit with the sample data according to conventional indices (standardized root mean squared residual = .03, comparative fit index .96, root mean square error of approximation = .06). The 3 factors measured by the SOS were labeled Societal-Level Health Advocacy, Community Engagement/Social Integration, and Political Engagement. Internal consistency reliability was 0.7 for all factors. The 3-factor SOS demonstrated acceptable validity and reliability.

Limitations
Though the sample included a broad representation of physical therapists, this was a single cross-sectional study. Additional confirmatory factor analysis, reliability testing, and word refinement of the tool are warranted.

Conclusions
Given the construct validity and reliability of the 3-factor SOS, it is recommended for use as a validated instrument to measure physical therapists’ performance of social responsibility and related behaviors.
Advances in anticoagulation therapy
Authors: Webster Emily , Gil Michael 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
Because atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major risk for thrombotic disease, many patients with AF are managed with anticoagulation for primary or secondary prevention of these events. The emergence of novel oral anticoagulants offers patients and providers options to consider beyond warfarin. Decision making should address safety, tolerability, efficacy, price, and simplicity of use; and decisions should be individualized for each patient.
An opportunity for PAs as obstetrical laborists
Authors: Berkowitz Oren , White Susan E. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
The obstetrical laborist, based on the hospitalist model, can improve quality and safety of labor and delivery care. A laborist can be a physician assistant (PA), certified nurse midwife, or obstetrician/gynecologist who provides care using a scheduled shifts model. Workforce trends show a rapid increase in certified nurse midwives and PAs, which could stimulate the laborist movement and increase opportunities for PAs.
Identifying acute cervicitis in an era of less-frequent routine gynecologic examinations
Authors: Allen Margaret 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
Acute inflammation of the uterine cervix can lead to serious problems such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), endometritis, and complications of pregnancy and childbirth. As intervals for routine gynecologic screening examinations lengthen, cervical infections, especially if asymptomatic, may be missed. Annual wellness examinations and other patient visits outside routine gynecologic cancer screening visits should include brief evaluation with sexual risk assessment and a gynecologic examination if indicated. If cervicitis persists after standard treatment for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), consider Mycoplasma genitalium. Clinicians should be sensitive to the fact that the unexpected presence of infection may cause distress.
Does the Angle of the Nail Matter for Pertrochanteric Fracture Reduction? Matching Nail Angle and Native Neck-Shaft Angle
Authors: Parry Joshua A. , Barrett Ian , Schoch Bradley , Yuan Brandon , Cass Joseph , Cross William 
Published: January 2018

Objectives:
To determine whether fixation of pertrochanteric hip fractures with cephalomedullary nails (CMNs) with a neck-shaft angle (NSA) less than the native NSA affects reduction and lag screw cutout.

Design:
Retrospective comparative study.

Setting:
Level I trauma center.

Patients/Participants:
Patients treated with a CMN for unstable pertrochanteric femur fractures (OTA/AO 31-A2.2 and 31-A2.3) between 2005 and 2014.

Intervention:
CMN fixation.

Main Outcome Measurement:
NSA reduction and lag screw cutout.

Results:
Patients fixed with a nail angle less than their native NSA were less likely to have good reductions [17% vs. 60%, 95% confidence interval (CI), −63% to −18%; P = 0.0005], secondary to more varus reductions (41% vs. 10%, 95% CI, 9%–46%; P = 0.01) and more fractures with ≥4 mm of displacement (63% vs. 35%, 95% CI, 3%–49%; P = 0.03). The cutout was not associated with the use of a nail angle less than the native NSA (60% vs. 76%, 95% CI, −56% to 18%; P = 0.5), varus reductions (60% vs. 32%, 95% CI, −13% to 62%; P = 0.3), or poor reductions (20% vs. 17%, 95% CI, −24% to 44%; P = 1.0).

Conclusions:
The fixation of unstable pertrochanteric hip fractures with a nail angle less than the native NSA was associated with more varus reductions and fracture displacement but did not affect the lag screw cutout.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Urgent Chemotherapy in Sepsis-Like Shock Related to Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Cherruault Marlène , Le Goff Marielle , Tamburini Jérôme , Pène Frédéric 
Published: January 2018

Objectives:
Hematologic malignancies may result in multiple organ involvement including pulmonary and renal dysfunctions, and the less common acute circulatory failure. We herein addressed the outcome of patients with sepsis-like shock related to aggressive hematologic malignancies.

Design:
A 10-year (2007–2016) monocenter retrospective study.

Settings:
A medical ICU in a tertiary care center.

Patients:
Patients with circulatory shock requiring vasopressors and who subsequently received chemotherapy. Shock was presumably related to the underlying malignancy after ruling out an ongoing or new-onset infectious process. The extent and time course of organ failures was assessed by a modified Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score devoid of the platelet component.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Seventeen patients were included, including 13 with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, two with hyperleukocytic acute myeloid leukemia, and two with “Human Herpes virus 8”–associated multicentric Castleman’s disease. The following associated conditions prompted urgent administration of chemotherapy: tumor lysis syndrome (n = 10), hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (n = 3), compressive bulky tumor (n = 3), pulmonary involvement (n = 3), and disseminated intravascular coagulation (n = 1). Following the initiation of chemotherapy, a number of patients died rapidly from untractable multiple organ failure. In contrast, chemotherapy led to a fast and dramatic improvement in organ failures in early survivors, as shown by the decrease in the modified Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score. However, the overall outcome was poor since only four and three patients could be discharged alive from the ICU and the hospital, and three and two patients remained alive at 6 months and 1 year.

Conclusions:
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome related to hematologic malignancies is associated with a dismal outcome. A chemotherapy trial may provide a fast prognostic assessment of the reversibility of organ failure.
Free Flap Survival Despite Internal Jugular Vein Thrombosis in Head and Neck Reconstruction
Authors: Kiya Koichiro , Kubo Tateki , Seike Shien , Hosokawa Ko 
Published: January 2018

Summary:
Microvascular free tissue transfer is one of the most common techniques of reconstruction for complex head and neck surgical defects. Generally, venous thrombosis is more likely to occur than arterial thrombosis in vascular anastomosis. Thus, recipient veins must be chosen carefully. Although the internal jugular vein is preferred as a recipient vein by many microsurgeons, internal jugular vein thrombosis is a potential complication, as shown in our report. Therefore, we consider that the external jugular vein still is an option as a recipient for venous anastomosis and that it is better to perform multiple vein anastomoses with 2 different venous systems, such as the internal and external jugular systems, than anastomoses within the same venous system.
Association Between Enterovirus Infection and Asthma in Children
Authors: Wang Ying-Ching , Tsai Ching-Shu , Yang Yao-Hsu , Huang Kuo-You , Hsieh Wen-Chi , Kuo Ting-Yu , Chin-Hung Chen Vincent , Wong Jennifer , Ponton Lynn , Wang Tsu-Nai 
Published: January 2018

Background:
Both virus-induced asthma and enterovirus (EV) infection are common in children; however, the relationship between EV infection and virus-induced asthma has not been systematically investigated in a cohort study. This nationwide population-based cohort study investigated the association between EV infection and asthma.

Methods:
We used data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. The study sample consisted of insured children who were younger than 18 years and had EV infection between 1997 and 2013 and were followed until December 2013. We identified 36,935 children with EV infection and compared them based on 36,935 age-, sex-, urbanization- and income-matched controls to analyze the risk of subsequent asthma. Cox regression analyses were performed and adjusted for sex, age, urbanization, income, preterm labor and small for gestational age, perinatal complications, allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis and bronchiolitis.

Results:
The mean follow-up interval for all patients was 8.59 years (standard deviation = 4.35 years). The mean latency period between initial EV infection and onset of asthma was 2.77 years (standard deviation = 2.43 years). EV infection was significantly associated with a higher incidence of asthma (hazard ratio = 1.65; 95% confidence interval: 1.60–1.71).

Conclusions:
A significant association was observed between EV infection and asthma in children. Health providers should be aware of the higher potential for children with EV to develop asthma in the future.