bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new method to quantify the health risks from sources of perfluoroalkyl substances, combined with positive matrix factorization and risk assessment models
Authors: Xu Jiao , Shi Guo-liang , Guo Chang-Sheng , Wang Hai-Ting , Tian Ying-Ze , Huangfu Yan-Qi , Zhang Yuan , Feng Yin-Chang , Xu Jian 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

A hybrid model based on the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model and the health risk assessment model for assessing risks associated with sources of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in water was established and applied at Dianchi Lake to test its applicability. The new method contains 2 stages: 1) the sources of PFASs were apportioned by the PMF model and 2) the contribution of health risks from each source was calculated by the new hybrid model. Two factors were extracted by PMF, with factor 1 identified as aqueous fire-fighting foams source and factor 2 as fluoropolymer manufacturing and processing and perfluorooctanoic acid production source. The health risk of PFASs in the water assessed by the health risk assessment model was 9.54 × 10−7 a−1 on average, showing no obvious adverse effects to human health. The 2 sources’ risks estimated by the new hybrid model ranged from 2.95 × 10−10 to 6.60 × 10−6 a−1 and from 1.64 × 10−7 to 1.62 × 10−6 a−1, respectively. The new hybrid model can provide useful information on the health risks of PFAS sources, which is helpful for pollution control and environmental management. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:107–115. © 2017 SETAC
Estimation of greenhouse gas emissions in China 1990–2013
Authors: Ding Tao , Ning Yadong , Zhang Yan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractConsidering the little attention given to building China's greenhouse gas (GHG) emission inventories, a long timescale and detailed GHG inventory is presented based on the latest released official statistical data in China from 1990 to 2013. GHG emissions estimated by different versions of statistical data are compared and analyzed, and the effects of data adjustment on GHG emission reduction targets are discussed. The inventory covers the sources of energy activities, industrial processes, agricultural activities, waste treatments, and reports four types of GHGs: CO2, CH4, N2O, and F‐GHGs. The total GHG emissions in China increased from 3487.7 Mt CO2‐eq in 1990 to 12550.2 Mt CO2‐eq in 2013. As the largest emission source, energy activities increased its share from 77.8% to 82.1% during the period. In GHG gas type, CO2 emissions accounted for 86.2% of the total in 2013, followed by CH4 (8.1%), N2O (3.3%) and F‐GHGs (2.4%). CO2 emissions were mainly emitted from energy activities, while the total CH4 emissions were essentially determined by sources of coal mining, enteric fermentation and rice cultivation. Both direct emission from agricultural lands and adipic acid production accounted for over 50% of N2O emissions. China's F‐GHG emissions increased by 129.3 times during the period. In addition, after the energy data revision, CO2 emissions from energy activities was estimated significantly larger than most previous studies. The data revision also had a profound effect on the accomplishment of CO2 emission reduction target in relative quantity. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brain activity induced by implicit processing of others' pain and pleasure
Authors: Chiesa Patrizia Andrea , Liuzza Marco Tullio , Macaluso Emiliano , Aglioti Salvatore Maria 
Published: August 2017

AbstractStudies indicate that both explicit and implicit processing of affectively charged stimuli may be reflected in specific behavioural markers and physiological signatures. Here, we investigated whether the pleasantness ratings of a neutral target were affected by the subliminal perception of a painful (a slap) or pleasant (a caress) touch delivered to others. In particular, we combined the continuous flash suppression technique with the affective misattribution procedure to explore subliminal processing of observed pain and pleasure in others. Results show that participants rated the neutral target as more or less likeable depending on whether they were subliminally primed with the pleasant or painful facial expression, respectively. The fMRI activity associated with painful and pleasant subliminal priming was mainly present in the anterior prefrontal cortex and the primary sensorimotor cortex, respectively. Thus, our study provides behavioural and neuro‐physiological evidence that: (i) emotional reactivity toward positive or negative states of others can occur at an entirely subliminal level; (ii) specific neural substrates underpin reactivity to positive‐ and negative‐valence of social emotions. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5562–5576, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
NSCs promote hippocampal neurogenesis, metabolic changes and synaptogenesis in APP/PS1 transgenic mice
Authors: Zhang Wei , Gu Guo‐Jun , Zhang Qi , Liu Jian‐Hui , Zhang Bo , Guo Yi , Wang Mei‐Yun , Gong Qi‐Yong , Xu Jian‐Rong 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAdult neurogenesis and synaptic remodeling persist as a unique form of structural and functional plasticity in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) and subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles due to the existence of neural stem cells (NSCs). Transplantation of NSCs may represent a promising approach for the recovery of neural circuits. Here, we aimed to examine effects of highly neuronal differentiation of NSCs transplantation on hippocampal neurogenesis, metabolic changes and synaptic formation in APP/PS1 mice. 12‐month‐old APP/PS1 mice were used for behavioral tests, immunohistochemistry, western blot, transmission electron microscopy and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS). The results showed that N‐acetylaspartate (NAA) and Glutamate (Glu) levels were increased in the Tg‐NSC mice compared with the Tg‐PBS and Tg‐AD mice 10 weeks after NSCs transplantation. NSC‐induced an increase in expression of synaptophysin and postsynaptic protein‐95, and the number of neurons with normal synapses was significantly increased in Tg‐NSC mice. More doublecortin‐, BrdU/NeuN‐ and Nestin‐positive neurons were observed in the hippocampal DG and SVZ of the Tg‐NSC mice. This is the first demonstration that engrafted NSCs with a high differentiation rate to neurons can enhance neurogenesis in a mouse model of AD and can be detected by 1H‐MRS in vivo. It is suggested that engraft of NSCs can restore memory and promote endogenous neurogenesis and synaptic remodeling, moreover, 1H‐MRS can detect metabolite changes in AD mice in vivo. The observed changes in NAA/creatine (Cr) and glutamate (Glu)/Cr may be correlated with newborn neurons and new synapse formation.
Methodological considerations for disentangling a risk factor's influence on disease incidence versus postdiagnosis survival: The example of obesity and breast and colorectal cancer mortality in the Women's Health Initiative
Authors: Cespedes Feliciano Elizabeth M. , Prentice Ross L. , Aragaki Aaron K. , Neuhouser Marian L. , Banack Hailey R. , Kroenke Candyce H. , Ho Gloria Y.F. , Zaslavsky Oleg , Strickler Howard D. , Cheng Ting‐Yuan David , Chlebowski Rowan T. , Saquib Nazmus , Nassir Rami , Anderson Garnet , Caan Bette J. 
Published: August 2017

Often, studies modeling an exposure's influence on time to disease‐specific death from study enrollment are incorrectly interpreted as if based on time to death from disease diagnosis. We studied 151,996 postmenopausal women without breast or colorectal cancer in the Women's Health Initiative with weight and height measured at enrollment (1993–1998). Using Cox regression models, we contrast hazard ratios (HR) from two time‐scales and corresponding study subpopulations: time to cancer death after enrollment among all women and time to cancer death after diagnosis among only cancer survivors. Median follow‐up from enrollment to diagnosis/censoring was 13 years for both breast (7,633 cases) and colorectal cancer (2,290 cases). Median follow‐up from diagnosis to death/censoring was 7 years for breast and 5 years for colorectal cancer. In analyses of time from enrollment to death, body mass index (BMI) ≥ 35 kg/m2 versus 18.5–<25 kg/m2 was associated with higher rates of cancer mortality: HR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.54, 2.56 for breast cancer (p trend <0.001) and HR = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.88 for colorectal cancer (p trend = 0.05). However, in analyses of time from diagnosis to cancer death, trends indicated no significant association (for BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2, HR = 1.25; 95% CI: 0.94, 1.67 for breast [p trend = 0.33] and HR = 1.18; 95% CI: 0.84, 1.86 for colorectal cancer [p trend = 0.39]). We conclude that a risk factor that increases disease incidence will increase disease‐specific mortality. Yet, its influence on postdiagnosis survival can vary, and requires consideration of additional design and analysis issues such as selection bias. Quantitative tools allow joint modeling to compare an exposure's influence on time from enrollment to disease incidence and time from diagnosis to death.
Iron N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes in Reduction Reactions
Authors: Lopes Rita , Royo Beatriz 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIron N‐heterocyclic carbene research has witnessed a spectacular growth in the last decade. A wide number of catalytic applications have been recently disclosed, demonstrating the enormous potential of Fe‐NHCs in organic synthesis. Catalytic reductions of multiple bonds through hydrogenation, transfer hydrogenation, hydrosilylation and hydroboration processes constitute important transformations. To date, this field of research is still in its infancy. Over the past few years our group has contributed to this area by developing new efficient and selective iron‐NHC complexes for the reduction of unsaturated organic groups. This review provides a concise overview of Fe‐NHC catalysed reduction reactions to push for further progress in this exciting area of research.
Is Retinal Microvascular Abnormalities an Independent Risk Factor of Vertebral Fractures? A Prospective Study From a Chinese Population
Authors: Wen Junping , Tang Kaka , Zhu Fengye , Lin Wei , Rao Huiying , Huang Huibin , Yao Jin , Chen Ling , Liang Jixing , Lin Lixiang , Chen Hongjie , Li Meizhi , Gong Xueying , Peng Shushan , Lu Jieli , Bi Yufang , Wang Weiqing , Ning Guang , Zhu Pengli , Chen Gang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractLow bone mineral density (BMD) and microvascular diseases (MVD) share various common risk factors; however, whether MVD is an independent risk factor of vertebral fractures is incompletely understood. The aim of this study is to clarify whether MVD is an independent risk factor of vertebral fractures. In this prospective study, calcaneal BMD and retinal microvascular abnormalities were assessed at baseline from June 2011 to January 2012. A total of 2176 premenopausal women, 2633 postmenopausal women, 2998 men aged <65 years, and 737 men aged ≥65 were included. Then with/without retinal microvascular abnormalities cohorts were followed for an average of 2.93 years to find out the relationship between MVD and vertebral fractures. At the baseline, after full adjustment, retinal microvascular abnormalities were related to risk of low BMD only in men aged ≥65 years (odds ratio [OR] = 2.506; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.454–4.321; p = 0.001). After follow‐up of 2.93 years, retinal microvascular abnormalities were related to risk of vertebral fractures in men aged ≥65 years (OR = 2.475; 95% CI 1.085–5.646; p = 0.031) when adjustment for confounding factors. However, no associations were found between MVD and vertebral fractures in men aged <65 years, premenopausal women, and postmenopausal women. When stratified by diabetes, in the without‐diabetes group, the men with retinal microvascular abnormalities had higher risk for vertebral fractures than without retinopathy (OR = 2.194; 95% CI 1.097–4.389; p = 0.026); however, the difference was not found in women. In the diabetes group, there were no significant differences of risk for vertebral fractures between those with retinal microvascular abnormalities and those without both in men and women. Stratified by hypertension, the men with retinopathy had higher risk for vertebral fractures than those without among the hypertension group (OR = 2.034; 95% CI 1.163–3.559; p = 0.013), but a difference was not found among women. In the without‐hypertension group, no relation was found between MVD and fracture both in men and women. In conclusion, MVD is an independent risk factor of vertebral fractures in old men. © 2017 The Authors. JBMR Plus is published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Cinacalcet Rectifies Hypercalcemia in a Patient With Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia Type 2 (FHH2) Caused by a Germline Loss-of-Function Gα11 Mutation
Authors: Gorvin Caroline M , Hannan Fadil M , Cranston Treena , Valta Helena , Makitie Outi , Schalin-Jantti Camilla , Thakker Rajesh V 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

G-protein subunit α-11 (Gα11) couples the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) to phospholipase C (PLC)-mediated intracellular calcium (Ca2+i) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, which in the parathyroid glands and kidneys regulates parathyroid hormone release and urinary calcium excretion, respectively. Heterozygous germline loss-of-function Gα11 mutations cause familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia type 2 (FHH2), for which effective therapies are currently not available. Here, we report a novel heterozygous Gα11 germline mutation, Phe220Ser, which was associated with hypercalcemia in a family with FHH2. Homology modeling showed the wild-type (WT) Phe220 nonpolar residue to form part of a cluster of hydrophobic residues within a highly conserved cleft region of Gα11, which binds to and activates PLC; and predicted that substitution of Phe220 with the mutant Ser220 polar hydrophilic residue would disrupt PLC-mediated signaling. In vitro studies involving transient transfection of WT and mutant Gα11 proteins into HEK293 cells, which express the CaSR, showed the mutant Ser220 Gα11 protein to impair CaSR-mediated Ca2+i and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK) MAPK signaling, consistent with diminished activation of PLC. Furthermore, engineered mutagenesis studies demonstrated that loss of hydrophobicity within the Gα11 cleft region also impaired signaling by PLC. The loss-of-function associated with the Ser220 Gα11 mutant was rectified by treatment of cells with cinacalcet, which is a CaSR-positive allosteric modulator. Furthermore, in vivo administration of cinacalcet to the proband harboring the Phe220Ser Gα11 mutation, normalized serum ionized calcium concentrations. Thus, our studies, which report a novel Gα11 germline mutation (Phe220Ser) in a family with FHH2, reveal the importance of the Gα11 hydrophobic cleft region for CaSR-mediated activation of PLC, and show that allosteric CaSR modulation can rectify the loss-of-function Phe220Ser mutation and ameliorate the hypercalcemia associated with FHH2. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc.
Effect of Agomelatine and Fluoxetine on HAM‐D Score, Serum Brain‐Derived Neurotrophic Factor, and Tumor Necrosis Factor‐α Level in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder With Severe Depression
Authors: Gupta Keshav , Gupta Rachna , Bhatia M.S. , Tripathi A.K. , Gupta Lalit K. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractEvidence suggests that neurotrophic factors, inflammatory markers, and circadian rhythm dysfunctions could be involved in pathophysiology of major depressive disorder. This study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of agomelatine, a melatonergic drug, and fluoxetine (positive comparator) and their effect on serum brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α level in patients having major depressive disorder with severe depression. In the present study, we chose TNF‐α and BDNF because reduction of TNF‐α and rise in BDNF levels are linked with improvement in major depressive disorder. Patients with Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM‐D) score ≥25 were treated with agomelatine or fluoxetine and followed up for 12 weeks. In the agomelatine group, the HAM‐D score, BDNF level, and TNF‐α level at the start of treatment were 31.1 ± 1.88 ng/mL, 2.44 ± 0.38 ng/mL, and 512.5 ± 86.2 pg/mL, respectively, which significantly changed to 13.67 ± 2.22 ng/mL, 2.87 ± 0.44 ng/mL, and 391.64 ± 104.8 pg/mL, respectively (P < .05 for all 3 measures), at 12 weeks. In the fluoxetine group, the HAM‐D score, BDNF level, and TNF‐α level at the start of treatment were 30.83 ± 2.60 ng/mL, 2.54 ± 0.37 ng/mL, and 554.14 ± 46.8 pg/mL, respectively, which significantly changed to 13.67 ± 1.79 ng/mL, 3.07 ± 0.33 ng/mL, and 484.15 ± 49.9 pg/mL, respectively (P < .05 for all 3 measures) at 12 weeks. The BDNF level was significantly increased posttreatment with both drugs, and TNF‐α level fell significantly more with agomelatine compared to fluoxetine. Thus, chronic neuroinflammatory biomarkers contribute to circuitry dysregulation in depression. Trophic factors repair dysfunctional circuits in depression. Both treatments were found to be safe and well tolerated.
Polypyrrole vapor phase polymerization on PVDF membrane surface for conductive membrane preparation and fouling mitigation
Authors: Liu Jiadong , Tian Chang , Xiong Jingxue , Gao Bo , Dong Shaonan , Wang Lei 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDConductive membranes, such as carbon material modified membrane and nickel metal film could be used for membrane fouling mitigation and energy generation during filtration. However, it is necessary to simplify the preparation process and reduce the cost for practical application. Here, a conducting polymer polypyrrole was polymerized on PVDF membrane surface for conductive membrane preparation via vapor phase polymerization.RESULTSAfter modification, the pure water flux was reduced from 3393.26 ± 222.99 L m‐2 h‐1 to 569.48 ± 150.82 L m‐2 h‐1. The contact angle was 58.63° for blank membrane after 8 s of delay, which was reduced to 27.53° for modified membrane. During short‐term filtration, the modified membrane maintained high, stable flux and low effluent turbidity. The fouling of conductive membrane can be mitigated by 1 V cm‐1 of electric filed during long‐term filtration. Better effluent properties were obtained from modified membrane, which were improved further when an electric field was applied.CONCLUSIONIt is concluded that the conductive membrane has a smoother and more hydrophilic surface, resulting in better anti‐fouling and effluent properties with the assistance of an electric field. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
The vial kit formulation for preparation of no‐carrier‐added 131I‐MIBG
Authors: Chen Zhiming , Wang Gang , Xie Minhao , Huang Heyun , Wu Erming , Wang Yang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe have developed a new set of lyophilized kits, composed of 3 different kits, for the instant preparation of no‐carrier‐added 131I‐MIBG in the clinic. We here discussed the formulation of the kits, optimization of radiolabelling, quality control of radiolabeled 131I‐MIBG, and studies of animal biodistribution. The no‐carrier‐added (nca) 131I‐MIBG injection could be prepared within 30 minutes in the clinic with the help of the lyophilized kits. The radiochemical purity and specific activity (SA) could achieve above 98% and 6700 MBq/mg, respectively.
Empowering leadership: A meta‐analytic examination of incremental contribution, mediation, and moderation
Authors: Lee Allan , Willis Sara , Tian Amy Wei 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThe concept of empowering leadership (EL) has seen increasing scholarly interest in recent years. This study reports a meta‐analysis investigating the effects of EL on employee work behavior. On the basis of data from 105 samples, we found evidence for the positive effects of EL on performance, organizational citizenship behavior, and creativity at both the individual and team levels. We further examined these relationships by exploring potential boundary conditions and the incremental contribution of EL over transformational leadership and leader–member exchange. Furthermore, at the individual level, both trust in leader and psychological empowerment mediated the relationships of EL with task performance, organizational citizenship behavior, and creativity. We also found evidence that leader–member exchange was a significant mediator between EL and task performance. At the team level, empowerment mediated the effects of EL on team performance, whereas knowledge sharing showed no significant indirect effect. Our results have important theoretical and practical implications and suggest some areas that require further research.
Future extreme rainfall change projections in the north of Iran
Authors: Modarres Reza , Ghadami Mohammad , Naderi Sohrab , Naderi Mohammad 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTFuture changes in extreme rainfall arising from climate change may have a significant influence on flood and water erosion control and management strategies to a great extent. The maximum daily rainfall time series were projected for 2020–2049 using six general climate models and two scenarios through artificial neural networks for 22 stations across the north of Iran. The results indicate a reduction of between −3.0 and −0.2% in maximum rainfall for the selected stations and five out of six of the general climate models. The changes in the frequency and magnitude of extreme rainfall were then investigated by fitting a generalized extreme value distribution to the historical (from 1981 to 2010) and projected maximum rainfall. The location parameter of the generalized extreme value distribution fitted to the projected maximum rainfall does not show a significant change while the scale and shape parameters exhibit significant changes compared to the historical period. Estimating the 2, 50 and 100 year return periods showed that the maximum rainfall will have a reduction in the probability of large amounts across the region compared with the base period while the number of extraordinary extreme events may show growth. As a region vulnerable to flash floods and water erosion due to rainfall characteristics and land use change from forest to agriculture, the results may send an alarm to define long term and effective strategies for future flood control management in the region.
Messenger RNA profiling of rabbit quadriceps femoris after repeat injections of botulinum toxin: Evidence for a dynamic pattern without further structural alterations
Authors: Hart David A. , Fortuna Rafael , Herzog Walter 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTIntroductionOnabotulinum toxin type A (BoNT‐A) is widely used clinically, but it may cause adverse effects. Earlier studies showed repeat BoNT‐A injections did not cause progressive atrophy or function loss. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of repeat BoNT‐A injections into rabbit muscle on subsequent molecular alterations.MethodsTwenty‐two rabbits received 0, 1, 2, or 3 BoNT‐A injections in the quadriceps femoris muscle at 3‐month intervals and were euthanized 6 months after the last injection. Aliquots of both injected and contralateral muscle were frozen, and the total RNA quantified.ResultsTotal RNA per illigram wet weight tissue was significantly elevated compared with control after 1, 2, or 3 BoNT‐A injections. Analysis of mRNA levels for inflammatory molecules, proteinases, adipokines, and mesenchymal stem cells were elevated with increasing BoNT‐A injections in injected leg and contralateral leg.DiscussionFuture studies should focus on the safety and possible complications of repeat BoNT‐A treatments. Muscle Nerve 57: 487–493, 2018