bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immature stages of two Australian mydas flies (Diptera: Mydidae) of the genera Diochlistus and Miltinus
Authors: Ferguson David J , Yeates David K 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe Mydidae are a small family (~470 described species) of medium to large‐bodied flies belonging to the Asiloidea and are closely related to the Asilidae and Apioceridae. The biology of mydas flies, as they are commonly known, is poorly known globally, with the larva and pupa of only one American species described a century ago. Field work over the past few years in south‐eastern Australia has uncovered the life histories of two Australian species belonging to different subfamilies: Diochlistus gracilis (Macquart 1847) (Diochlistinae) and Miltinus viduatus (Westwood 1835) (Apiophorinae). Here, we present detailed descriptions and illustration of the larvae and pupae of these species and compare them with Mydas clavatus Drury (Mydinae) from North America. We also present some observations on the mating behaviour of D. gracilis. The relationships of the 10 Mydidae subfamilies, based exclusively on characters of the adult stage, are poorly resolved. The differences between the larvae and pupae of these two Australian genera provides evidence that there may be phylogenetically informative variation in the immature stages that could be used in future comprehensive studies on the relationships of mydas flies. These descriptions of mature larvae represent the second and third species to be published worldwide.
Native aortic endocarditis due to an unusual pathogen: Actinotignum schaalii
Authors: Loïez Caroline , Pilato Rosario , Mambie Adeline , Hendricx Sylvie , Faure Karine , Wallet Frédéric 
Published: January 2018

We report a case of aortic native valve endocarditis due to Actinotignum schaalii in an 89‐year‐old man with prostatism history but no signs of urinary infection. Actinotignum schaalii was isolated not only from positive blood culture but also from cardiac valve culture using mass spectrometry and 16S rDNA sequencing. Actinotignum schaalii is recognized as commensal of genitourinary tract, but it was underdiagnosed. The advances in bacterial identification such as MALDI‐TOF MS probably explain the increasing described cases of infections due to A. schaalii these last years.
Are the health needs of young people with cerebral palsy met during transition from child to adult health care?
Authors: Solanke F. , Colver A. , McConachie H. ,   On behalf of the Transition collaborative group
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe transition from child to adult health care is a particular challenge for young people with cerebral palsy, who have a range of needs. The measurement of reported needs, and in particular unmet needs, is one means to assess the effectiveness of services.MethodsWe recruited 106 young people with cerebral palsy, before transfer from child services, along with their parents to a 3‐year longitudinal study. Reported needs were measured with an 11‐item questionnaire covering speech, mobility, positioning, equipment, pain, epilepsy, weight, control of movement, bone or joint problems, curvature of the back, and eyesight. Categorical principal component analysis was used to create factor scores for bivariate and regression analyses.ResultsA high level of reported needs was identified particularly for control of movement, mobility, and equipment, but these areas were generally being addressed by services. The highest areas of unmet needs were for management of pain, bone or joint problems, and speech. Analysis of unmet needs yielded two factor scores, daily living health care and medical care. Unmet needs in daily living health care were related to severity of motor impairment and to attending nonspecialist education. Unmet needs tended to increase over time but were not significantly (p > .05) related to whether the young person had transferred from child services.ConclusionsReporting of unmet needs can indicate where service development is required, and we have shown that the approach to measurement can be improved. As the number of unmet health needs at the start of transition is considerable, unmet health needs after transition cannot all be attributed to poor transitional health care. The range and continuation of needs of young people with cerebral palsy argue for close liaison between adult services and child services and creation of models of practice to improve coordination.
Component‐resolved diagnostics demonstrates that most peanut‐allergic individuals could potentially introduce tree nuts to their diet
Authors: Uotila R. , Kukkonen A. K. , Blom W. M. , Remington B. , Westerhout J. , Pelkonen A. S. , Mäkelä M. J. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryBackgroundNut allergy varies from pollen cross‐allergy, to primary severe allergy with life‐threatening symptoms. The screening of IgE antibodies to a wide spectrum of allergens, including species‐specific and cross‐reactive allergens, is made possible via microarray analysis.ObjectiveWe sought to study the association of variable IgE sensitization profiles to clinical response in peanut‐challenged children and adolescents in a birch‐endemic region. In addition, we studied the avoidance of tree nuts and species‐specific sensitizations.MethodsWe studied 102 peanut‐sensitized patients who underwent a double‐blind placebo‐controlled challenge to peanut. We analysed ISAC ImmunoCAP microarray to 112 allergens, singleplex ImmunoCAPs for hazelnut Cor a 14 and cashew Ana o 3, and performed skin prick tests to peanut, tree nuts and sesame seed. We surveyed avoidance diets with a questionnaire.ResultsSensitization to PR‐10 proteins was frequent (Bet v 1 90%), but equally high in the challenge negatives and positives. IgE to Ara h 2 and Ara h 6 discriminated peanut allergic (n = 69) and tolerant (n = 33) the best. Avoidance of tree nuts was common (52% to 96%), but only 6% to 44% presented species‐specific sensitizations to tree nuts, so a great number could potentially introduce these species into their diet.Conclusions and clinical relevancePR‐10‐sensitizations were frequent and strong regardless of peanut allergy status. Component‐resolved diagnostics can be employed to demonstrate to patients that sensitization to seed storage proteins of tree nuts is uncommon. Several tree nuts could potentially be reintroduced to the diet.
The absence of serum IgE antibodies indicates non‐type 2 disease in young asthmatics
Authors: Tsolakis N. , Malinovschi A. , Nordvall L. , Janson C. , Borres M. P. , Alving K. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryBackgroundAtopic asthma is associated with elevated type‐2 biomarkers such as fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and blood eosinophil (B‐Eos) count. However, increased type 2 markers have also been reported in traditionally defined non‐atopic asthma.ObjectiveTo determine a clinically useful level of IgE sensitization for ruling out type 2 asthma.MethodsAsthmatics (N = 408; age 10‐35 years) were analysed using the multi‐allergen tests Phadiatop and fx5 (ImmunoCAP). Subjects were grouped based on IgE‐antibody concentrations: ≥0.35 kUA/L for at least one test (n = 326) or <0.35 kUA/L for both tests (n = 82). Τhe latter group was subsequently divided into 2 groups: IgE 0.10‐0.34 kUA/L (n = 34) and IgE < 0.10 kUA/L (n = 48). The relationships between type 2 biomarkers, and inadequate asthma control (ACT < 20), reduced lung function (FEV1 < 80%), recent asthma attacks and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to methacholine were determined.ResultsIn univariate analyses, at least one type 2 marker related to each asthma outcome in subjects with IgE ≥0.35 kUA/L. In subjects with IgE 0.10‐0.34 kUA/L, elevated FeNO related to reduced lung function (P = .008) and B‐Eos to AHR (P = .03). No associations were found in subjects with IgE < 0.10 kUA/L. In multivariate analysis, a relationship between FeNO and reduced lung function remained in subjects with IgE < 0.35 kUA/L (P = .03).Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceClinically relevant elevation of type 2 biomarkers was seen in young asthmatics with IgE antibodies <0.35 kUA/L, but not those with IgE < 0.10 kUA/L. It seems possible to define non‐type 2 asthma through sensitive IgE‐antibody measurement.
Preservation and augmentation of molar extraction sites affected by severe bone defect due to advanced periodontitis: A prospective clinical trial
Authors: Zhao Liping , Xu Tao , Hu Wenjie , Chung Kwok‐Hung 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundStudies of the extracted infected‐molar ridge preservation are limited.PurposeTo compare alterations of hard and soft tissue in infected‐molar sockets receiving ridge preservation compared with natural healing.Materials and MethodsThirty‐five infected‐molar extraction sites either preserving with Bio‐Gide membrane covered the Bio‐Oss material or receiving natural healing procedure as controls. The soft tissue profile was evaluated before tooth extraction and after 6‐month healing. Cone‐beam computed tomography scans were taken immediately and 6 months after extraction. Vertical and horizontal bone changes were assessed radiographically. Data were analyzed with Mann‐Whitney U test and α = 0.05.ResultsNo significant differences in soft tissue and vertical bone changes in the medium region of the sockets were found (P > .05). Buccal bone changes in the mesial and distal sites in the test group were significantly lower than the control group (P < .05). Ridge width increased from 0.21mm to 5.30mm at 1mm apical from the crest in the test and reduced from 0.12 mm to 1.00 mm in the control groups.ConclusionRidge preservation at periodontally compromised molar extraction sites might compensate for ridge width and buccal bone resorption that occurs with natural healing alone.
Three‐year analysis of zirconia implants used for single‐tooth replacement and three‐unit fixed dental prostheses: A prospective multicenter study
Authors: Balmer Marc , Spies Benedikt C. , Vach Kirstin , Kohal Ralf‐Joachim , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. , Jung Ronald E. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of the present investigation was to evaluate clinically and radiographically the outcome of zirconia oral implants after 3 years in function.Materials and methodsIn 60 patients in need of either a single‐tooth replacement or a three‐unit fixed dental prosthesis (FDP), a total of 71 one‐piece zirconia implants were placed and immediately restored with temporary fixed prostheses. After a period of at least 2 months in the mandible and at least 4 months in the maxilla, zirconia‐based reconstructions were cemented. The implants were clinically and radiologically examined at implant insertion, prosthetic delivery, at 6 months and then yearly up to 3 years. A linear mixed model was used to analyze statistically the influence of prognostic factors on changes in the marginal bone level.ResultsSeventy‐one implants (48 in the mandible, 23 in the maxilla) inserted in 60 patients were restored with 49 crowns and 11 FDP. One patient lost his implant after 5 weeks. Five patients with one implant each could not be evaluated after 3 years. Based on 55 patients with a total of 66 implants, the mean survival rate was 98.5% after 3 years in function. A statistically significant mean marginal bone loss (0.70 mm ± 0.72 mm) has been detected from implant insertion to the 3‐year follow‐up. The largest marginal bone loss occurred between implantation and prosthetic delivery (0.67 mm ± 0.56 mm). After delivery, no statistically significant bone level change was observed (0.02 mm ± 0.59 mm). None of the investigated prognostic factors had a significant influence on changes in the marginal bone level.ConclusionsAfter 3 years in function, the investigated one‐piece zirconia implant showed a high survival rate and a low marginal bone loss. The implant system was successful for single‐tooth replacement and three‐unit FDPs. Further investigations with long‐term data are needed to confirm these findings.
Elevated donor plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 levels and the risk of primary graft dysfunction
Authors: Hamilton Barbara C. S. , Dincheva Gabriela R. , Zhuo Hanjing , Golden Jeffrey A. , Brzezinski Marek , Singer Jonathan P. , Matthay Michael A. , Kukreja Jasleen 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPrimary graft dysfunction (PGD) following lung transplantation is associated with elevated recipient plasma levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). However, the significance of these biomarkers in the donor plasma is uncertain. We hypothesized that elevated donor plasma levels of PAI‐1 and RAGE would be associated with recipient PGD. We carried out a prospective unmatched case‐control study of double‐lung transplant recipients between May 2014 and September 2015. We compared donor plasma levels of PAI‐1 and RAGE using rank‐sum tests and t tests, in 12 recipients who developed PGD grade 2 or 3 within 72 hours postoperatively with 13 recipients who did not. Recipients who developed PGD had higher donor plasma levels of PAI‐1 than recipients who did not (median 2.7 ng/mL vs 1.4; P = .03). Recipients with PGD also had numerically higher donor plasma levels of RAGE than recipients without PGD, although this difference did not achieve statistical significance (median 1061 pg/mL vs 679; P = .12). Systemic inflammatory responses in the donor, as reflected by elevated plasma levels of PAI‐1, may contribute to the risk of developing PGD. Rapid biomarker assessment of easily available plasma samples may assist in donor lung selection and risk stratification.
The Elephant and the Sky: Ivory in Astronomical Instruments
Authors: Raposo Pedro M. P. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this short essay, the author presents studies on ivory in astronomical instruments through examples of ivory instruments from the collections of the Adler Planetarium in order to suggest that the use of such artifacts in museum exhibitions may serve a twofold purpose: to emphasize that historical scientific instruments embody social and cultural meanings that go beyond the pursuits more commonly associated with scientific activity, while fostering the public engagement with the history of ivory trade and the issues surrounding this material.
Alien honeybees increase pollination risks for range‐restricted plants
Authors: Norfolk Olivia , Gilbert Francis , Eichhorn Markus P. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimRange‐restricted species are of high conservation concern, and the way in which they interact with more widespread species has implications for their persistence. Here, we determine how the specialization of mutualistic interactions varies with respect to the geographic range size of plants and pollinators and assess how they respond to the introduction of the alien honeybee. We also compare network characteristics (connectance, specialization and nestedness) between an invaded low mountain and non‐invaded high mountain network.LocationSt Katherine Protectorate, South Sinai, Egypt.MethodsWe quantified bee–plant interactions in 42 plots between April and July 2013 and created visitation networks for the low mountains (beehives present) and the high mountains (beehives absent). We then compared visitation network metrics between range‐restricted, regionally distributed and widespread plants and pollinators and assessed topological differences between the low and high mountain networks.ResultsRange‐restricted bees were involved in a significantly higher number of total interactions than regional and widespread native bees, but showed no evidence of increased generalization. In contrast, range‐restricted plants were involved in fewer interactions and exhibited significantly higher specialization and a high dependency on range‐restricted pollinators. The introduced honeybee acted as a super‐generalist and was associated with an increase in network‐level generalization and nestedness. Honeybees exhibited high levels of resource overlap with range‐restricted bees and made few visits to range‐restricted plant species.Main conclusionsRange‐restricted plants are more specialized in their interactions than range‐restricted pollinators, suggesting that the forces shaping the structure of interaction network can vary between partners. Alien honeybees made few visits to range‐restricted plants, but exhibited disproportionately high levels of floral competition with range‐restricted bees. If high levels of competition lead to population declines then specialized range‐restricted plants will be at higher risk of pollen deficits than more widespread species.
Transfer from paediatric to adult care for young adults with Type 2 diabetes: the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study
Authors: Agarwal S. , Raymond J. K. , Isom S. , Lawrence J. M. , Klingensmith G. , Pihoker C. , Corathers S. , Saydah S. , D'Agostino R. B. , Dabelea D. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimTo describe factors associated with transfer from paediatric to adult care and poor glycaemic control among young adults with Type 2 diabetes, using the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study.MethodsYoung adults with Type 2 diabetes were included if they had a baseline SEARCH visit while in paediatric care at < 18 years and ≥ 1 follow‐up SEARCH visit thereafter at 18–25 years. At each visit, HbA1c, BMI, self‐reported demographic and healthcare provider data were collected. Associations of demographic factors with transfer of care and poor glycaemic control (HbA1c ≥ 75 mmol/mol; 9.0%) were explored with multivariable logistic regression.Results182 young adults with Type 2 diabetes (36% male, 75% minority, 87% with obesity) were included. Most (n = 102, 56%) reported transfer to adult care at follow‐up; a substantial proportion (n = 28, 15%) reported no care and 29% did not transfer. Duration of diabetes [odds ratio (OR) 1.4, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.1, 1.8] and age at diagnosis (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.4, 2.4) predicted leaving paediatric care. Transfer to adult or no care was associated with a higher likelihood of poor glycaemic control at follow‐up (adult: OR 4.5, 95% CI 1.8, 11.2; none: OR 4.6, 95% CI 1.4, 14.6), independent of sex, age, race/ethnicity or baseline HbA1c level.ConclusionsYoung adults with Type 2 diabetes exhibit worsening glycaemic control and loss to follow‐up during the transfer from paediatric to adult care. Our study highlights the need for development of tailored clinical programmes and healthcare system policies to support the growing population of young adults with youth‐onset Type 2 diabetes.
Network spandrels reflect ecological assembly
Authors: Maynard Daniel S. , Serván Carlos A. , Allesina Stefano 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEcological networks that exhibit stable dynamics should theoretically persist longer than those that fluctuate wildly. Thus, network structures which are over‐represented in natural systems are often hypothesised to be either a cause or consequence of ecological stability. Rarely considered, however, is that these network structures can also be by‐products of the processes that determine how new species attempt to join the community. Using a simulation approach in tandem with key results from random matrix theory, we illustrate how historical assembly mechanisms alter the structure of ecological networks. We demonstrate that different community assembly scenarios can lead to the emergence of structures that are often interpreted as evidence of ‘selection for stability’. However, by controlling for the underlying selection pressures, we show that these assembly artefacts—or spandrels—are completely unrelated to stability or selection, and are instead by‐products of how new species are introduced into the system. We propose that these network‐assembly spandrels are critically overlooked aspects of network theory and stability analysis, and we illustrate how a failure to adequately account for historical assembly can lead to incorrect inference about the causes and consequences of ecological stability.
Spatial epidemiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Piedmont and Aosta Valley, Italy: a population‐based cluster analysis
Authors: Vasta R. , Calvo A. , Moglia C. , Cammarosano S. , Manera U. , Canosa A. , D'Ovidio F. , Mazzini L. , Chiò A. 
Published: January 2018

Background and purposeThe analysis of the spatial distribution of cases could give important cues on putative environmental causes of a disease. Our aim was to perform a spatial analysis of an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cohort from the Piedmont and Aosta Valley ALS register (PARALS) over a 20‐year period.MethodsThe address at the moment of diagnosis was considered for each ALS case. Municipalities’ and census divisions’ resident populations during the 1995–2014 period were obtained. A cluster analysis was performed adopting both Moran's index and the Kulldorff spatial scan statistic.ResultsA total of 2702 ALS patients were identified. An address was retrieved for 2671 (99%) patients. Moran's index was −0.01 (P value 0.83), thus revealing no clusters. SaTScan identified no statistically significant clusters. When census divisions were considered, Moran's index was 0.13 (P value 0.45); SaTScan revealed one statistically significant small cluster in the province of Alessandria. Here, 0.0099 cases were expected and three cases were observed (relative risk 304.60; 95% confidence interval 109.83–845.88, P value 0.03).DiscussionOur study showed a substantial homogeneous distribution of ALS cases in Piedmont and Aosta Valley. The population‐based setting and the adoption of proper statistical analyses strengthen the validity of our results. Such a finding further suggests the involvement of multiple environmental and genetic factors in ALS pathogenesis.
PCDH19‐related epilepsy is associated with a broad neurodevelopmental spectrum
Authors: Smith Lacey , Singhal Nilika , El Achkar Christelle M. , Truglio Gessica , Rosen Sheidley Beth , Sullivan Joseph , Poduri Annapurna 
Published: January 2018

SummaryObjectiveTo characterize the features associated with PCDH19‐related epilepsy, also known as “female‐limited epilepsy.”MethodsWe analyzed data from participants enrolled in the PCDH19 Registry, focusing on the seizure‐related, developmental, neurobehavioral, and sleep‐related features. We evaluated variants for pathogenicity based on previous reports, population databases, and in silico predictions, and included individuals with pathogenic or potentially pathogenic variants. We performed a retrospective analysis of medical records and administered a targeted questionnaire to characterize current or past features in probands and genotype‐positive family members.ResultsWe included 38 individuals with pathogenic or potentially pathogenic variants in PCDH19: 21 de novo, 5 maternally inherited, 7 paternally inherited, and 5 unknown. All 38 had epilepsy; seizure burden varied, but typical features of clustering of seizures and association with fever were present. Thirty individuals had intellectual disability (ID), with a wide range of severity reported; notably, 8/38 (22%) had average intellect. Behavioral and sleep dysregulation were prominent, in 29/38 (76%) and 20/38 (53%), respectively. Autistic features were present in 22/38 (58%), of whom 12 had a formal diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. We had additional data from 5 genotype‐positive mothers, all with average intellect and 3 with epilepsy, and from 1 genotype‐positive father.SignificanceOur series represents a robust cohort with carefully curated PCDH19 variants. We observed seizures as a core feature with a range of seizure types and severity. Whereas the majority of individuals had ID, we highlight the possibility of average intellect in the setting of PCDH19‐related epilepsy. We also note the high prevalence and severity of neurobehavioral phenotypes associated with likely pathogenic variants in PCDH19. Sleep dysregulation was also a major area of concern. Our data emphasize the importance of appropriate referrals for formal neuropsychological evaluations as well as the need for formal prospective studies to characterize the PCDH19‐related neurodevelopmental syndrome in children and their genotype‐positive parents.