bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lymph node dissection for Siewert II esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma: a retrospective study of 136 cases
Authors: Duan Xiaofeng , Shang Xiaobin , Tang Peng , Jiang Hongjing , Yu Zhentao 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundTo compare the lymph node dissection with the right transthoracic Ivor‐Lewis (IL) procedure to that with the left transthoracic (LT) approach for Siewert type II adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric (AEG) junction.MethodsIn this study, 136 patients with Siewert type II AEG who met the inclusion criteria underwent surgical resection were divided into the IL (47 cases) and LT (89 cases) groups. The number and frequency of the dissected lymph nodes in each station were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe IL group had a longer proximal surgical margin (P = 0.000) and more total (P = 0.000), thoracic (P = 0.000), and abdominal lymph nodes (P = 0.000) dissected than the LT group. In general, the IL group had a higher dissection rate in each thoracic lymph node station (P < 0.05) than the LT group. The dissection rates of the hepatic artery, splenic artery and celiac trunk lymph nodes were higher in the IL group than in the LT group (P < 0.05). The lymph node metastasis rate was 78.7% in the IL group, higher than the 61.8% in the LT group (P = 0.045).ConclusionsThe right transthoracic IL procedure was demonstrated to be a better application than the LT approach for Siewert type II AEG in terms of the number and frequency of lymph node resections.
Editorial: visceral fat as a predictor of post‐operative recurrence of Crohn's disease—Authors’ reply
Authors: Holt D. Q. , Moore G. T. , Strauss B. J. G. , Hamilton A. L. , De Cruz P. , Kamm M. A. 
Published: May 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Holt et al, and Stidham and Waljee papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14018 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14069.
Letter: hepatitis B reactivation in patients with chronic hepatitis C during direct‐acting antiviral therapy—authors' reply
Authors: Londoño M.‐C. , Carrión J. A. , Forns X. 
Published: May 2017

Linked ContentThis article should be linked to Londoño et al and Huang et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13985 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14080.
G‐POEM with antro‐pyloromyotomy for the treatment of refractory gastroparesis: mid‐term follow‐up and factors predicting outcome
Authors: Gonzalez J. M. , Benezech A. , Vitton V. , Barthet M. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryBackgroundGastric peroral endoscopic pyloromyotomy (G‐POEM) was introduced for treating refractory gastroparesis.AimTo present a series of patients focussed on clinical mid‐term efficacy and predictive outcomes factors.MethodsThis was a single centre study of 29 patients operated on between January 2014 and April 2016, with disturbed gastric emptying scintigraphy (GES) and/or elevated Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptoms Index (GCSI). The procedures were performed as previously described. The primary endpoint was the efficacy at 3 and 6 months, based on GCSI and symptoms. The secondary endpoints were GES evolution, procedure reproducibility and safety, and identification of predictive factors for success.ResultsThere were 10 men, 19 women (mean age 52.8±18). The technical success rate was 100% (average 47 minutes). There were two complications managed conservatively: one bleeding and one abscess. The median follow‐up was 10±6.4 months. The clinical success rate was 79% at 3 months, 69% at 6 months, with a significant decrease in the mean GCSI compared to pre‐operatively (3.3±0.9 vs 1±1.2 and 1.1±0.9 respectively). The GES (n=23) normalised in 70% of cases, with a significant improvement of the mean half emptying time and retention at 2 hours, and a discordance in 21% of the cases. In univariate analysis, diabetes and female gender were significantly associated with risk of failure, but not confirmed in multivariate analysis.ConclusionsThe mid‐term efficacy of G‐POEM reaches 70% at 6 months. The procedure remains reproducible and safe. Diabetes and female gender were predictive of failure.
The Changing Face of the Auditor's Report: Implications for Suppliers and Users of Financial Statements
Authors: Prasad Pranil , Chand Parmod 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB) recently finalised several significant and controversial reforms of the audit reporting model. The reforms are in response to long‐standing criticisms about the form and content of the existing audit report. This study critically examines the current audit report reforms and their implications. In particular, we investigate the perceptions of prominent stakeholders in respect of these reforms and then evaluate the implications of the reforms on the informational value of the audit report, audit quality and audit costs. The findings suggest that the changes to the audit report are of significant informational value to users, while the implications for audit quality are unclear. Indeed, the changes would increase audit costs and potentially the legal liability of auditors. This appraisal is timely given the efforts made by the IAASB in commissioning these reforms to enhance the relevance and informational value of the audit report.
Moral Enhancement Meets Normative and Empirical Reality: Assessing the Practical Feasibility of Moral Enhancement Neurotechnologies
Authors: Dubljević Veljko , Racine Eric 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMoral enhancement refers to the possibility of making individuals and societies better from a moral standpoint. A fierce debate has emerged about the ethical aspects of moral enhancement, notably because steering moral enhancement in a particular direction involves choosing amongst a wide array of competing options, and these options entail deciding which moral theory or attributes of the moral agent would benefit from enhancement. Furthermore, the ability and effectiveness of different neurotechnologies to enhance morality have not been carefully examined. In this paper, we assess the practical feasibility of moral enhancement neurotechnologies. We reviewed the literature on neuroscience and cognitive science models of moral judgment and analyzed their implications for the specific target of intervention (cognition, volition or affect) in moral enhancement. We also reviewed and compared evidence on available neurotechnologies that could serve as tools of moral enhancement. We conclude that the predictions of rationalist, emotivist, and dual process models are at odds with evidence, while different intuitionist models of moral judgment are more likely to be aligned with it. Furthermore, the project of moral enhancement is not feasible in the near future as it rests on the use of neurointerventions, which have no moral enhancement effects or, worse, negative effects.
Can Neuroscience Contribute to Practical Ethics? A Critical Review and Discussion of the Methodological and Translational Challenges of the Neuroscience of Ethics
Authors: Racine Eric , Dubljević Veljko , Jox Ralf J. , Baertschi Bernard , Christensen Julia F. , Farisco Michele , Jotterand Fabrice , Kahane Guy , Müller Sabine 
Published: May 2017

AbstractNeuroethics is an interdisciplinary field that arose in response to novel ethical challenges posed by advances in neuroscience. Historically, neuroethics has provided an opportunity to synergize different disciplines, notably proposing a two‐way dialogue between an ‘ethics of neuroscience’ and a ‘neuroscience of ethics’. However, questions surface as to whether a ‘neuroscience of ethics’ is a useful and unified branch of research and whether it can actually inform or lead to theoretical insights and transferable practical knowledge to help resolve ethical questions. In this article, we examine why the neuroscience of ethics is a promising area of research and summarize what we have learned so far regarding its most promising goals and contributions. We then review some of the key methodological challenges which may have hindered the use of results generated thus far by the neuroscience of ethics. Strategies are suggested to address these challenges and improve the quality of research and increase neuroscience's usefulness for applied ethics and society at large. Finally, we reflect on potential outcomes of a neuroscience of ethics and discuss the different strategies that could be used to support knowledge transfer to help different stakeholders integrate knowledge from the neuroscience of ethics.
Respect for Autonomy in Light of Neuropsychiatry
Authors: Müller Sabine 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBioethics needs an elaborated concept of autonomy based on empirical knowledge about the prerequisites of the capacity of autonomy. Whereas Beauchamp and Childress, and many other bioethicists have discussed social influences on the capacity of autonomy in depth, neurobiological influences have received less attention. A comprehensive concept of autonomy should consider both social and biological factors that can diminish the capacity of autonomy. This article focuses on neurobiological influences that can reduce the capacity of autonomy. The thesis of this article is that the integration of neuropsychiatric knowledge into the concept of autonomy is essential for (1) evaluating demands for harmful medical treatments which might be caused by a brain disease, and (2) deciding on involuntary treatments of patients who suffer from substantial lack of autonomy due to neuropsychiatric disorders. Diametrically opposed to such a comprehensive concept of the capacity of autonomy is the concept of ‘liberty of illness’. In Germany, this concept is supported not only by anti‐psychiatric groups but also by the Federal Constitutional Court.Several real cases demonstrate how the brain can be ‘hijacked’ by parasites, antibodies or technical devices. Applying the concept of ‘liberty of illness’ to persons whose decision‐making capacity is severely affected by neuropsychiatric disorders is cynical. These patients neither chose their disease nor would refuse effective treatment if their will was not disturbed by the disease. Respect for autonomy should be understood as the positive obligation to save, support or restore the biological prerequisites of the capacity for autonomous decision‐making.
Why You Cannot Transform Your Way out of Trouble for Small Counts
Authors: Warton David I. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryWhile data transformation is a common strategy to satisfy linear modeling assumptions, a theoretical result is used to show that transformation cannot reasonably be expected to stabilize variances for small counts. Under broad assumptions, as counts get smaller, it is shown that the variance becomes proportional to the mean under monotonic transformations that satisfy , excepting a few pathological cases. A suggested rule-of-thumb is that if many predicted counts are less than one then data transformation cannot reasonably be expected to stabilize variances, even for a well-chosen transformation. This result has clear implications for the analysis of counts as often implemented in the applied sciences, but particularly for multivariate analysis in ecology. Multivariate discrete data are often collected in ecology, typically with a large proportion of zeros, and it is currently widespread to use methods of analysis that do not account for differences in variance across observations nor across responses. Simulations demonstrate that failure to account for the mean–variance relationship can have particularly severe consequences in this context, and also in the univariate context if the sampling design is unbalanced.
A multi‐proxy palaeoenvironmental and geochronological reconstruction of the Saalian‐Eemian‐Weichselian succession at Klein Klütz Höved, NE Germany
Authors: Kenzler Michael , Rother Henrik , Hüneke Heiko , Frenzel Peter , Strahl Jaqueline , Tsukamoto Sumiko , Li Yan , Meng Stefan , Gallas Julia , Frechen Manfred 
Published: May 2017

Here we present a multi‐proxy investigation of the Klein Klütz Höved (KKH) coastal cliff section in northeastern Germany, involving lithofacies analysis, micromorphology, micropalaeontology, palynology and luminescence dating of quartz and feldspar. We subdivide the local stratigraphy into three depositional phases. (i) Following a Saalian advance (MIS 6) of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet, the penultimate deglaciation (Termination II) at the site occurred between c. 139 and 134 ka, leading to the establishment of a braided river system and lacustrine basins under arctic‐subarctic climate conditions. (ii) In the initial phase of the Eemian interglacial lacustrine deposits were formed, containing warm‐water ostracods and a pollen spectrum indicating gradual expansion of woodlands eventually containing thermophile deciduous forest elements. A correlation of the local pollen assemblages with Eemian reference records from central Europe suggests that fewer than 750 years of the last interglacial period are preserved at KKH. The occurrence of brackish ostracods dates the onset of the Eemian marine transgression at the section at c. 300–750 years after the beginning of the last interglacial period. (iii) Directly above the Eemian record a ~10‐m‐thick sedimentary succession of MIS 2 age was deposited, implying a significant hiatus of c. 90 ka encompassing the time from middle and upper MIS 5e to late MIS 3. During the Late Weichselian, KKH featured a depositional shift from (glacio‐)lacustrine to subglacial to recessional terminoglacial facies, with the first documented Weichselian ice advance post‐dating 20±2 ka. Overall, the KKH section represents an exceptional sedimentary archive for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions, covering the period from the Saalian glaciation and subsequent Termination II to the early Eemian and Late Weichselian. The results refine the existing palaeogeographical and geochronological models of the late Quaternary history in the southwestern Baltic Sea area and allow correlations with other reference records in a wider area.
Management of myasthenia gravis in daily practice for general neurologists and healthcare professionals
Authors: Yokoyama Kazumasa , Hattori Nobutaka 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA characteristic feature of myasthenia gravis (MG) is the fluctuating weakness of the muscles. MG is an autoimmune neuromuscular junction disorder mediated by autoantibodies against nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and muscle‐specific tyrosine kinase. If the commercially available acetylcholine receptor and muscle‐specific tyrosine kinase antibody test is negative, MG patients are termed as having double‐seronegative MG. Although the clinical phenotype is not yet defined, antibodies for lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 4 and agrin, involved in clustering of acetylcholine receptors within the postsynaptic membrane and in structural maintenance of the neuromuscular synapse, have been found. The updated 2014 Guidelines in Japan state that the management of MG should be individualized, and earlier aggressive treatment using steroid pulse, plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy, before long‐term steroid therapy, should be used in order to minimize manifestation, with fewer adverse effects achieved by co‐administering immunosuppressants. In 2016, thymectomy was shown to be efficacious in non‐thymomatous MG in a single‐arm randomized clinical trial. The continuous update and modification in MG management makes it difficult for the general neurologist to decide on a treatment strategy. The present review aims to improve the understanding of current MG diagnosis, specific immunotherapy and clinical management tips, not only for the general neurologist, but also for other medical staff.
Constitutional mismatch repair deficiency in a healthy child: On the spot diagnosis?
Authors: Suerink M. , Potjer T.P. , Versluijs A.B. , ten Broeke S.W. , Tops C.M. , Wimmer K. , Nielsen M. 
Published: May 2017

Constitutional mismatch repair deficiency (CMMRD) is a rare, recessively inherited childhood cancer predisposition syndrome caused by biallelic germline mutations in one of the mismatch repair genes. The CMMRD phenotype overlaps with that of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), since many patients have multiple café‐au‐lait macules (CALM) and other NF1 signs, but no germline NF1 mutations.We report of a case of a healthy 6‐year‐old girl who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of NF1 with >6 CALM and freckling. Since molecular genetic testing was unable to confirm the diagnosis of NF1 or Legius syndrome and the patient was a child of consanguineous parents, we suspected CMMRD and found a homozygous PMS2 mutation that impairs MMR function.Current guidelines advise testing for CMMRD only in cancer patients. However, this case illustrates that including CMMRD in the differential diagnosis in suspected sporadic NF1 without causative NF1 or SPRED1 mutations may facilitate identification of CMMRD prior to cancer development. We discuss the advantages and potential risks of this CMMRD testing scenario.
Species trees, temporal divergence and historical biogeography of coastal rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) reveal their early Miocene origin and show that most divergence events occurred in the early Pliocene along the Pacific coasts
Authors: Song Jeong‐Hun , Ahn Kee‐Jeong 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe investigated the species trees, temporal divergence and historical biogeography of Emplenota Casey and Triochara Bernhauer (ET clade hereafter), subgenera of the Aleochara coastal staphylinid beetles, to determine their place of origin. We explored a multilocus dataset to infer gene trees and species trees based on traditional concatenated and multispecies coalescent‐based approaches using both model‐ (maximum likelihood and Bayesian) and parsimony‐based methods. The multilocus dataset comprised DNA sequences from five nuclear genes (ArgK, CAD, EF1‐α, wg and 28S) and three mitochondrial genes (COI, COII and 16S). *BEAST analysis according to a coalescent‐based approach resolved the following phylogenetic relationships: ((A. trisulcata (A. nubis + A. zerchei)) (A. obscurella ((A. pacifica (A. curtidens + A. litoralis)) (A. hayamai (A. yamato (A. fucicola (A. segregata + A. puetzi))))))). Using a relaxed molecular clock, we reconstructed a time‐calibrated phylogeny for this group. Furthermore, to account for the historical biogeography of the ET clade at the ages of major divergences, we investigated the ancestral area based on a time‐calibrated phylogeny. Biogeographical analyses suggested that the ancestor of the ET clade was widely distributed along the eastern and western Palearctic and the western Nearctic coasts in the early Miocene. According to reconstruction of the ancestral area, one dispersal and three vicariance events were required, and the analyses indicated that vicariance events were important in shaping its current distribution patterns. Most of the divergence events occurred in the late Miocene and early Pliocene along the Pacific coasts, and the East Asian seacoasts harboured the most species‐rich fauna, including eight of the 13 species in the ET clade.
A pilot randomized study comparing extralevator with conventional abdominoperineal excision for low rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiation
Authors: Seshadri R. A. , West N. P. , Sundersingh S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimThe aims of this study were to assess the feasibility of performing an extralevator abdominoperineal excision (ELAPE) after neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NCRT), to compare the rates of circumferential resection margin (CRM) involvement and intra‐operative perforation (IOP) of the specimen, and to assess the amount of tissue removed around the muscularis propria (MP)/internal sphincter (IS) of the lower rectum in patients with low rectal cancer undergoing ELAPE compared with conventional abdominoperineal excision (CAPE) after NCRT.MethodThis was an open‐label, parallel‐arm pilot randomized trial conducted in India. Twenty patients were randomized to one of the study arms. The surgical specimens were fixed, serially cross‐sectioned and photographed. Using specialized morphometry software, the amount of tissue resected with each operation was measured.ResultsThere was a nonsignificant trend towards more IOPs (30% vs 0%, P = 0.06) and a higher CRM involvement rate (40% vs 20%, P = 0.32) in the CAPE arm. ELAPE removed a significantly greater amount of tissue around the IS/MP when compared with CAPE (mean ± SD: 1911.39 ± 382 mm2 vs 1132.03 ± 371 mm2, P < 0.001). The mean distance from the IS/MP to the CRM was significantly greater in the ELAPE arm both in the posterior (mean ± SD: 28.28 ± 3 mm vs 9.63 ± 3 mm, P < 0.001) and lateral (mean ± SD: 13.69 ± 3 mm vs 9.72 ± 3 mm, P = 0.009) parts of the rectum but not in the anterior part (mean ± SD: 6.74 ± 2 mm vs 6.10 ± 4 mm, P = 0.64). The short‐term morbidity was not significantly different between the two procedures.ConclusionELAPE removed more tissue in the lower rectum and resulted in a lower rate of IOP and CRM involvement when compared with CAPE, even after NCRT.
Can Habitat Management Mitigate Disease Impacts on Threatened Amphibians?
Authors: Heard Geoffrey W. , Scroggie Michael P. , Ramsey David S. L. , Clemann Nick , Hodgson Jenny A. , Thomas Chris D. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractChytridiomycosis has decimated amphibian biodiversity. Management options for the disease are currently limited, but habitat manipulation holds promise due to the thermal and physicochemical sensitivities of chytrid fungi. Here, we quantify the extent to which habitat management could reduce metapopulation extinction risk for an Australian frog susceptible to chytridiomycosis. Our modeling revealed that: (1) habitat management is most effective in climates where hosts are already less susceptible to the disease; (2) creating habitat, particularly habitat with refugial properties adverse to the pathogen, may be substantially more effective than manipulating existing habitat; and (3) increasing metapopulation size and connectivity through strategic habitat creation can greatly reduce extinction risk. Controlling chytridiomycosis is a top priority for conserving amphibians. Our study provides impetus for experiments across a range of species and environments to test the capacity of habitat management to mitigate the impacts of this pervasive disease.
Use of fluorescent in‐situ hybridisation in salivary gland cytology: A powerful diagnostic tool
Authors: Evrard S. M. , Meilleroux J. , Daniel G. , Basset C. , Lacoste‐Collin L. , Vergez S. , Uro‐Coste E. , Courtade‐Saidi M. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveSalivary gland cytology is challenging because it includes a diversity of lesions and a wide spectra of tumours. Recently, it has been reported that many types of salivary gland tumours have specific molecular diagnostic signatures that could be identified by fluorescent in‐situ hybridisation (FISH). The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of FISH on routine cytological salivary gland smears.MethodsFISH was conducted on 37 cytological salivary gland smears from 34 patients. According to the cytological diagnosis suspected, MECT1/MAML2 gene fusion and rearrangements of PLAG1, MYB, or ETV6 were analysed. The presence and percentages of cells that had gene rearrangements were evaluated. Results were compared with the histological surgical samples, available from 26 patients.ResultsThe PLAG1 rearrangement was observed in 12/20 (60%) cases of pleomorphic adenoma. MECT1/MAML2 gene fusion was observed in 1:2 mucoepidermoid carcinomas but was not observed in five other tumours (two pleomorphic adenomas, one Warthin's tumour, one mammary analogue secretory carcinoma [MASC] and one cystic tumour). MYB rearrangement was observed in 4/4 adenoid cystic carcinomas. ETV6‐gene splitting identified one MASC.ConclusionOverall, FISH had a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 66.7%. When FISH and cytological analyses were combined, the overall sensitivity was increased to 93.3%. It can thus be concluded that when the FISH analysis is positive, the extent of surgery could be determined with confidence pre‐operatively without needing a diagnosis from a frozen section.