bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimentally derived likelihoods for light‐based geolocation
Authors: Basson Marinelle , Bravington Mark V. , Hartog Jason R. , Patterson Toby A. 
Published: May 2016

Summary

Electronic tags have revolutionised animal movement studies, but the reliability of subsequent ecological inference hinges on being able to quantify uncertainty in location estimates. Light‐based geolocation, which uses the time series of light intensity during twilight events, remains the only viable technology for many species (e.g. fish and small birds) despite its limited accuracy. Modern approaches to movement modelling, such as Kalman filters and gridded hidden Markov models, require a valid likelihood for each observed twilight.

It is difficult to directly construct such a likelihood (i.e. the probability density of the light data during a twilight period) given any location on the globe, because of complicated autocorrelation structures and non‐standard statistical distributions. We therefore use data from moored tags at known locations to construct a transformation that turns a simple one‐dimensional statistic into a quantity with the properties of a log‐likelihood.

The result is a set of calibration splines that can be used with light data from a similar tag deployed on a real animal: for each twilight, the one‐dimensional statistic is calculated for any location (e.g. on a grid of, or all possible, locations) and then transformed into a likelihood using the calibration splines. The likelihoods can then be input to any state‐space model to estimate a track. We show an example track from a grid‐based hidden Markov model applied to light data from a tag deployed on a southern bluefin tuna.

This approach to light‐based geolocation provides the flexibility to integrate movement and behaviour modelling in a novel way. The likelihood surfaces from our approach can be used in any state‐space model of animal movement and behaviour, irrespective of whether estimation is by maximum‐likelihood or Bayesian methods. Our approach is primarily aimed at users interested in developing and fitting their own state‐space models to explore biological hypotheses about animal behaviour.
Treating perinatal asphyxia with theophylline at birth helps to reduce the severity of renal dysfunction in term neonates
Authors: Raina Alok , Pandita Aakash , Harish Rekha , Yachha Monika , Jamwal Ashu 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimPerinatal asphyxia is a common neonatal problem and contributes significantly to neonatal morbidity and mortality. This study was designed to determine whether theophylline could prevent or ameliorate renal dysfunction in term neonates with perinatal asphyxia.MethodsWe randomised 159 severely asphyxiated term newborns to receive a single dose of 5 mg/kg intravenous theophylline (n = 78) or a placebo (n = 81) during the first hour of life. The infant's 24‐hour fluid intake, urine volume, serum creatinine, creatinine clearance and sodium excretion were recorded during days one, three and five of life, starting 12 hours after the theophylline or placebo infusion.ResultsNeonates in the theophylline group had lower serum creatinine levels (0.83 ± 0.35 versus 1.47 ± 0.61; p = 0.00) and higher endogenous creatinine clearance (32.16 ± 16.34 versus 17.73 ± 7.92; p = 0.00) than the placebo group. Severe renal dysfunction, namely acute kidney injury, was present in 36 (15%) of the neonates in the theophylline group versus 117 (48%) in the placebo group (p < 0.01).ConclusionA single dose of intravenous theophylline administered to term neonates with perinatal asphyxia within the first hour of life significantly decreased serum creatinine levels and significantly increased creatinine clearance.
Cow's milk protein intolerance in adolescents and young adults with chronic fatigue syndrome
Authors: Rowe Peter C. , Marden Colleen L. , Jasion Samantha E. , Cranston Erica M. , Flaherty Marissa A. K. , Kelly Kevin J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimTo examine the prevalence, clinical features and influence on illness severity of cow's milk protein intolerance in young people with chronic fatigue syndrome.MethodsIn a two‐year prospective study of 55 adolescents and young adults with chronic fatigue syndrome, we defined intolerance to milk protein if subjects reported (i) no evidence of immediate or anaphylactic reactions to milk, (ii) at least 2 of the following 3 chronic symptoms: gastroesophageal reflux, early satiety and epigastric/abdominal pain, (iii) improvement in upper gastrointestinal symptoms on a milk protein elimination diet and (iv) at least 2 recurrences of upper gastrointestinal symptoms >two hours following open re‐exposure to milk protein. Subjects completed three quality of life surveys at baseline and at six months.ResultsThe mean (SD) age of the 55 participants was 16.5 (2.1) years. Seventeen (31%; 95% CI, 19–43%) met study criteria for cow's milk protein intolerance. Compared to milk‐tolerant subjects, milk‐sensitive participants had significantly worse health‐related quality of life at baseline but not at six months (after institution of the milk‐free diet).ConclusionCow's milk protein intolerance is a common problem in young people with chronic fatigue syndrome and is a treatable contributor to their symptoms.
Coupling of myocardial stress resistance and signalling to voluntary activity and inactivity
Authors: Budiono B. P. , See Hoe L. E. , Brunt A. R. , Peart J. N. , Headrick J. P. , Haseler L. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimsWe examined coupling of myocardial ischaemic tolerance to physical activity and inactivity, and whether this involves modulation of survival (AKT, AMPK, ERK1/2, HSP27, EGFR) and injury (GSK3β) proteins implicated in ischaemic preconditioning and calorie restriction.MethodsProteomic modifications were assessed in ventricular myocardium, and tolerance to 25‐min ischaemia in ex vivo perfused hearts from C57Bl/6 mice subjected to 14‐day voluntary activity in running‐naïve animals (Active); 7 days of subsequent inactivity (Inactive); brief (day 3) restoration of running (Re‐Active); or time‐matched inactivity.ResultsActive mice increased running speed and distance by 75–150% over 14 days (to ~40 m min−1 and 10 km day−1), with Active hearts resistant to post‐ischaemic dysfunction (40–50% improvements in ventricular pressure development, diastolic pressure and dP/dt). Cardioprotection was accompanied by ~twofold elevations in AKT, AMPK, HSP27 and GSK3β phosphorylation and EGFR expression. Ischaemic tolerance was reversed in Inactive hearts, paralleling reduced EGFR expression and GSK3β and ERK1/2 phosphorylation (AKT, AMPK, HSP27 phosphorylation unaltered). Running characteristics, ischaemic tolerance, EGFR expression and GSK3β phosphorylation returned to Active levels within 1–3 days of restored activity (without changes in AKT, AMPK or HSP27 phosphorylation). Transcriptional responses included activity‐dependent Anp induction vs. Hmox1 and Sirt3 suppression, and inactivity‐dependent Adora2b induction.ConclusionsData confirm the sensitive coupling of ischaemic tolerance to activity: voluntary running induces cardioprotection that dissipates within 1 week of inactivity yet recovers rapidly upon subsequent activity. While exercise in naïve animals induces a molecular profile characteristic of preconditioning/calorie restriction, only GSK3β and EGFR modulation consistently parallel activity‐ and inactivity‐dependent ischaemic tolerance.
Capsaicin induces browning of white adipose tissue and counters obesity by activating TRPV1 channel‐dependent mechanisms
Authors: Baskaran Padmamalini , Krishnan Vivek , Ren Jun , Thyagarajan Baskaran 
Published: May 2016

Background and PurposeThe growing epidemic of obesity and metabolic diseases necessitates the development of novel strategies to prevent and treat such diseases. Current research suggests that browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) promotes energy expenditure to counter obesity. Recent research suggests that activation of the TRPV1 channels counters obesity. However, the mechanism by which activation of TRPV1 channels counters obesity still remains unclear.Experimental ApproachWe evaluated the effect of dietary capsaicin to induce a browning program in WAT by activating TRPV1 channels to prevent diet‐induced obesity using wild‐type and TRPV1−/− mouse models. We performed experiments using preadipocytes and fat pads from these mice.Key ResultsCapsaicin stimulated the expression of brown fat‐specific thermogenic uncoupling protein‐1 and bone morphogenetic protein‐8b in WAT. Capsaicin triggered browning of WAT by promoting sirtuin‐1 expression and activity via TRPV1 channel‐dependent elevation of intracellular Ca2+ and phosphorylation of Ca2+/calmodulin‐activated protein kinase II and AMP‐activated kinase. Capsaicin increased the expression of PPARγ 1 coactivator α and enhanced metabolic and ambulatory activity. Further, capsaicin stimulated sirtuin‐1‐dependent deacetylation of PPARγ and the transcription factor PRDM‐16 and facilitated PPARγ–PRDM‐16 interaction to induce browning of WAT. Dietary capsaicin did not protect TRPV1−/− mice from obesity.Conclusions and InterpretationsOur results show for the first time that activation of TRPV1 channels by dietary capsaicin triggers browning of WAT to counteract obesity. Our results suggest that activation of TRPV1 channels is a promising strategy to counter obesity.
An Efficacy Trial of Carescapes: Home‐Based Child‐Care Practices and Children's Social Outcomes
Authors: Rusby Julie C. , Jones Laura B. , Crowley Ryann , Smolkowski Keith 
Published: May 2016

This study reported findings from a longitudinal randomized controlled trial of Carescapes, a professional development program for home‐based child‐care providers in promoting children's social competence. Participants included 134 child‐care providers and 310 children, ages 3–5 years, in Oregon. The Carescapes intervention group made significant improvements in observed caregiver responsiveness and monitoring, and showed decreased caregiver‐reported child problem behavior and improved parent‐reported peer relationships compared to the control group. Increased caregiver‐reported cooperation skills were found for the intervention group at follow‐up. No differences in condition were found for kindergarten teacher‐reported social–behavioral, classroom, and academic skills. Moderation effects on children's behavior and peer relations were found for child age and exposure to the intervention child care.
Thyroid hormone and its metabolites in relation to quality of life in patients treated for differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Massolt E.T. , van der Windt M. , Korevaar T.I.M. , Kam B.L.R. , Burger J.W. , Franssen G.J.H. , Lehmphul I. , Köhrle J. , Visser W.E. , Peeters R.P. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryBackgroundLevothyroxine (LT4) is the standard of care in patients with hypothyroidism. Despite this replacement therapy, quality of life (QoL) remains impaired in a substantial amount of patients. The reasons for this are still a matter of debate. Suggested causes include lack of endogenous T3 secretion by the thyroid, changes in other thyroid hormone metabolites and interference by autoimmune processes.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between thyroid function tests (TFTs) and QoL in patients with a history of differentiated thyroid cancer on LT4 monotherapy. These patients lack endogenous thyroidal T3 secretion in the absence of autoimmune disease.Materials and MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study in 143 patients (69·2% female). Initial therapy consisted of total thyroidectomy followed by radioiodine ablation minimally one year before inclusion. We assessed health‐related QoL (RAND‐36), thyroid‐specific QoL (ThyPRO) and fatigue with the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory. Extensive TFTs were assessed, including 3,5‐diiodo‐L‐thyronine (3,5‐T2).ResultsMean age was 50·2 years and mean time since diagnosis was 8·4 years. Median TSH was 0·042 mU/l, total T4 145·0 nmol/l, free T4 25·6 pmol/l, total T3 1·93 nmol/l, reverse T3 0·53 nmol/l and 3,5‐T2 0·86 nmol/l. Multiple linear regression analyses did not show any association between QoL and the different TFTs, including T4/T3 and 3,5‐T2/T3 ratios reflecting peripheral metabolism.ConclusionWe did not find any association between TFTs and QoL in athyreotic patients on LT4 monotherapy. Our data do not provide evidence that a slight increase in dose improves fatigue or well‐being in hypothyroid patients on LT4 therapy.
Survival and tissue maintenance of an implant with a sloped configurated shoulder in the posterior mandible—a prospective multicenter study
Authors: Schiegnitz E. , Noelken R. , Moergel M. , Berres M. , Wagner W. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimClinical studies evaluating the influence of the implant design on the preservation of peri‐implant keratinized mucosa are rare. The aim of this prospective multicenter study was to investigate the survival, and soft and hard tissue maintenance of an implant with a sloped shoulder configuration, when placed in the posterior mandible.Material and MethodsIn this study, 24 centers participated and 184 patients receiving 238 implants (OsseoSpeed™ Profile TX implants) were included. Clinical assessments of soft tissue parameters were performed before implant placement, immediately after implant placement, at prosthetic delivery and at 6, 12 and 24 months after implant placement and marginal bone adaptation was examined.ResultsAfter an average time in situ of 28.7 ± 4.7 months (2.4 ± 0.4 years), the survival rate was 99.2%. Analysis of the peri‐implant soft tissues during follow‐up showed a slight but significant increase in peri‐implant keratinized mucosa width after 2 years (P < 0.001). All patients with reduced peri‐implant keratinized mucosa width of ≤ 2 mm at postoperative examination (n = 95) showed a pronounced and statistically significant increase in the peri‐implant keratinized mucosa width over time (P < 0.001). After a mean follow‐up of 20.7 ± 8 months (1.7 ± 0.7 years), mean inter‐proximal marginal bone loss was 0.30 ± 0.6 mm, indicating high bone stability around the sloped implant neck.ConclusionThese results indicate that sloped configurated implants have a high survival rate after 2 years in function. The sloped implant shoulder configuration helps to support the hard and soft tissue around the implant neck and supports the regain of a physiological peri‐implant keratinized mucosa in patients with compromised peri‐implant soft tissue conditions (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01400321).
Prospective, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of propofol sedation by anesthesiologists and gastroenterologist‐led teams using computer‐assisted personalized sedation during upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy
Authors: Kashiwagi Kazuhiro , Hosoe Naoki , Takahashi Keiji , Nishino Haruo , Miyachi Hideyuki , Kudo Shin‐ei , Martin James F. , Ogata Haruhiko 
Published: May 2016

Background and AimNo randomized controlled studies comparing propofol versus no sedation have been reported. Comparative data demonstrating the efficacy and safety of propofol sedation by anesthesiologists (ANES), and gastroenterologist‐led teams (GLT) using computer‐assisted personalized sedation (CAPS), during routine gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy in Japan do not exist. We aimed to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of propofol sedation versus no sedation (PLCB) when propofol is given by ANES or GLT, during routine GI endoscopy.MethodsTwo hundred and seventy two American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class I or II adults were prospectively enrolled in this multicenter study and randomized into three groups (PLCB, ANES, GLT). Ability to maintain moderate sedation, defined as MOAA/S scores of 2–4 for ≥50% of all MOAA/S measurements from scope‐in to scope‐out, was the primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints included patient (PSSI) and clinician (CSSI) satisfaction.ResultsProportion of subjects maintained in moderate sedation by ANES (88.1%) and GLT (94.5%) was significantly higher than PLCB (21.6%; P < 0.001); there was no difference between the ANES and GLT groups (P = 0.116). Mean PSSI scores for subjects sedated by ANES (81.2 ± 12.5) and GLT (80.8 ± 14.1) were significantly higher than PLCB (65.3 ± 19.7; P < 0.001) and mean CSSI scores were also significantly higher in both active treatment groups (75.5 ± 10.2, 77.9 ± 10.3) than PLCB (60.8 ± 18.6; P < 0.001).ConclusionModerate sedation can be achieved and maintained with propofol, improving both patient and physician satisfaction, when propofol is given by an anesthesiologist or a gastroenterologist‐led team using CAPS.
Congenital disorders of glycosylation presenting as epileptic encephalopathy with migrating partial seizures in infancy
Authors: Barba Carmen , Darra Francesca , Cusmai Raffaella , Procopio Elena , Dionisi Vici Carlo , Keldermans Liesbeth , Vuillaumier‐Barrot Sandrine , Lefeber Dirk J , Guerrini Renzo ,   CDG Group
Published: May 2016

AimEpilepsy is commonly observed in congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG), but no distinctive electroclinical pattern has been recognized. We aimed at identifying a characteristic clinical presentation that might help targeted diagnostic work‐up.MethodBased on the initial observation of an index case with CDG and migrating partial seizures, we evaluated 16 additional children with CDG and analysed their clinical course, biochemical, genetic, electrographic, and imaging findings.ResultsFour of 17 consecutively observed children with CDG (three females, one male) were first referred between the first and fourth month of life, after early onset of migrating partial seizures. All four patients manifested developmental delay, microcephaly, and multi‐organ involvement. Magnetic resonance imaging disclosed cerebral and cerebellar atrophy. Isoelectrofocusing of transferrin, enzymatic studies, and lipid‐linked oligosaccharide analysis indicated CDG‐I. Genetic testing demonstrated either homozygous or compound heterozygous variants involving the ALG3 gene in patients 1 and 3, the RFT1 gene in patient 2, and the ALG1 gene in patient 4. At last follow‐up, patients 1 and 2 were 5 and 31/2 years old. Patients 3 and 4 had died due to respiratory failure during pneumonia and refractory status epilepticus respectively.InterpretationChildren with migrating partial seizures and concomitant multisystem involvement should be investigated for CDG.
Kainic acid–induced albumin leak across the blood–brain barrier facilitates epileptiform hyperexcitability in limbic regions
Authors: Noé Francesco M. , Bellistri Elisa , Colciaghi Francesca , Cipelletti Barbara , Battaglia Giorgio , de Curtis Marco , Librizzi Laura 
Published: May 2016

SummaryObjectiveSystemic administration of kainic acid (KA) is a widely used procedure utilized to develop a model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Despite its ability to induce status epilepticus (SE) in vivo, KA applied to in vitro preparations induces only interictal‐like activity and/or isolated ictal discharges. The possibility that extravasation of the serum protein albumin from the vascular compartment enhances KA‐induced brain excitability is investigated here.MethodsEpileptiform activity was induced by arterial perfusion of 6 μm KA in the in vitro isolated guinea pig brain preparation. Simultaneous field potential recordings were carried out bilaterally from limbic (CA1, dentate gyrus [DG], and entorhinal cortex) and extralimbic regions (piriform cortex and neocortex). Blood–brain barrier (BBB) breakdown associated with KA‐induced epileptiform activity was assessed by parenchymal leakage of intravascular fluorescein‐isothiocyanate albumin. Seizure‐induced brain inflammation was evaluated by western blot analysis of interleukin (IL)‐1β expression in brain tissue.ResultsKA infusion caused synchronized activity at 15–30 Hz in limbic (but not extralimbic) cortical areas, associated with a brief, single seizure‐like event. A second bolus of KA, 60 min after the induction of the first ictal event, did not further enhance excitability. Perfusion of serum albumin between the two administrations of KA enhanced epileptiform discharges and allowed a recurrent ictal event during the second KA infusion.SignificanceOur data show that arterial KA administration selectively alters the synchronization of limbic networks. However, KA is not sufficient to generate recurrent seizures unless serum albumin is co‐perfused during KA administration. These findings suggest a role of serum albumin in facilitating acute seizure generation.
Different parvalbumin and GABA expression in human epileptogenic focal cortical dysplasia
Authors: Medici Valentina , Rossini Laura , Deleo Francesco , Tringali Giovanni , Tassi Laura , Cardinale Francesco , Bramerio Manuela , de Curtis Marco , Garbelli Rita , Spreafico Roberto 
Published: May 2016

SummaryObjectiveSeveral studies have reported that inhibitory networks are altered in dysplastic tissue obtained from epilepsy surgery specimens. A consistent decrease in the number of inhibitory interneuronal subpopulation that expresses parvalbumin (PV) was reported in postsurgical tissue from patients with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD). We tested if the decrease in PV protein expression observed in epileptic tissue corresponds to a parallel impairment in the γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic compartment.MethodsWe analyzed postsurgical tissue from 30 surgically treated patients who underwent surgery for intractable epilepsy including 26 patients with FCD (types I, II, and III) and 4 patients without any microscopic visible lesion (cryptogenic) as controls. Serial sections were processed using in situ hybridization with GAD‐65 and GAD‐67 probes and immunocytochemistry with antibody against PV. The density of inhibitory PV‐immunoreactive interneurons in relation to GABAergic cells was estimated in controls and in all different pathologic groups by using a two‐ and three‐dimensional (2D and 3D) cell‐counting technique. Field fraction and line profile analyses were added to estimate immunostaining proportion and distribution of PV signal generated in gray matter.ResultsA reduction of PV‐positive cells and PV‐immunoreactivity was observed exclusively in FCD type I/III specimens compared with cryptogenic tissue from control patients with a poor postsurgical outcome. In FCD type II, a profound rearrangement in the cortical distribution of PV immunoreactivity was observed, without a quantitative reduction of the number of neurons and terminals. In situ hybridization did not reveal significant variations of GAD expression in any FCD subtype.SignificanceOur study suggests a preservation of inhibitory networks in FCD postsurgical tissue, demonstrated by a substantial normal count of GABAergic neurons. A selective PV expression impairment is demonstrated in FCD type I and III and an abnormal, but not reduced, distribution of PV cells and terminals is confirmed in type II FCD. Possible functional consequences are discussed.
Commuting Flows and Labour Market Structure: Modelling Journey to Work Behaviour in an Urban Environment
Authors: Watkins Andrew R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractUsing a probabilistic model of urban commuting based on job accessibility, commuting patterns are analysed for the inner and outer parts of Melbourne in 2001 and 2006. Variations in commuting behaviour between different parts of the city and different time periods can be largely ascribed to changes in urban densities, while variations between industries appear to be influenced by a complex mixture of factors, chief among them the role of industry wages and salaries in determining housing choice, and the level of job market specialisation. The implications for urban planning are discussed.