bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat exchange between a bouncing drop and a superhydrophobic substrate
Authors: Shiri Samira , Bird James C. 
Published: July 2017

Significance
A superhydrophobic surface can be so water repellent that a drop can bounce off the surface in milliseconds. By measuring the thermal interaction between a superhydrophobic substrate and a heated or cooled drop, we demonstrate that the contact time is short enough that only a small fraction of potential heat is transferred, and, counterintuitively, smaller drops transfer a larger fraction of their potential heat than larger drops despite contacting the surface for less time. Our results indicate that birds with superhydrophobic feathers will be warmer in cold rain than those with feathers on which drops stick, and we envision that a better understanding of these mechanisms can inspire the design of superhydrophobic materials to control heat exchange.
Hypocretin (orexin) is critical in sustaining theta/gamma-rich waking behaviors that drive sleep need
Authors: Vassalli Anne , Franken Paul 
Published: July 2017

SignificanceAs in narcolepsy patients, overall time spent awake and asleep is normal in mice lacking the wake-enhancing neuromodulator hypocretin/orexin. We discovered, however, that these mice, in baseline conditions, are impaired in maintaining theta-dominated wakefulness (TDW), a waking substate characteristic of goal-driven, explorative behaviors and associated with heightened θ/fast-γ activity. We demonstrate that TDW instability causes profound blunting of EEG δ activity in subsequent slow-wave sleep, a measure gauging homeostatic sleep need. In contrast, manually enforced waking induced unimpaired TDW expression and normal δ activity in recovery sleep. This suggests that TDW, not overall waking, drives sleep need, a hypothesis we verified by modeling the homeostatic process. We propose that Hcrt is critical for spontaneous waking but that enforced waking relies on other neuromodulators, such as norepinephrine.
Evolutionary strata on young mating-type chromosomes despite the lack of sexual antagonism
Authors: Branco Sara , Badouin Hélène , Rodríguez de la Vega Ricardo C. , Gouzy Jérôme , Carpentier Fantin , Aguileta Gabriela , Siguenza Sophie , Brandenburg Jean-Tristan , Coelho Marco A. , Hood Michael E. , Giraud Tatiana 
Published: July 2017

Significance
Sex chromosomes can display divergent evolution, as seen in humans, in which the Y chromosome underlying maleness is smaller and contains much less information than the X chromosome. The differentiation between sex chromosomes can occur stepwise along their length, which is thought to result from the successive beneficial linkage of genes with different phenotype optima in the two sexes to sex-determining genes. However, there is little evidence to support this hypothesis. Here, we recovered ancestral chromosome structures and gathered evidence for stepwise differentiation between fungal mating-type chromosomes despite the absence of male/female roles. Our results suggest that the analogous features of sex chromosomes may not be due to differences in selection between males and females.
Nanophotonics-enabled solar membrane distillation for off-grid water purification
Authors: Dongare Pratiksha D. , Alabastri Alessandro , Pedersen Seth , Zodrow Katherine R. , Hogan Nathaniel J. , Neumann Oara , Wu Jinjian , Wang Tianxiao , Deshmukh Akshay , Elimelech Menachem , Li Qilin , Nordlander Peter , Halas Naomi J. 
Published: July 2017

Significance
Current desalination technologies provide solutions to the increasing water demands of the planet but require substantial electric energy, limiting their sustainable use where conventional power infrastructure may be unavailable. Here, we report a direct solar method for desalination that utilizes nanoparticle-assisted solar vaporization in a membrane distillation geometry. This scalable process is capable of providing sufficient clean water for family use in a compact footprint, potentially for off-grid desalination at remote locations.
The Red Queen and King in finite populations
Authors: Veller Carl , Hayward Laura K. , Hilbe Christian , Nowak Martin A. 
Published: July 2017

Significance
When two populations interact, when does it pay to evolve rapidly, and can it ever be an advantage to evolve slowly? We address these questions using evolutionary game theory. In antagonistic interactions (e.g., host–parasite), we find that faster evolution by any means is beneficial—the “Red Queen” effect. In certain mutualisms, slower evolution is favored in the long run. This “Red King” effect is driven by differences in how efficiently natural selection acts in the two populations, rather than by differences in their generation times or mutation rates. Our results clarify the role of evolutionary rate in symbiont evolution.
Role of the CBP catalytic core in intramolecular SUMOylation and control of histone H3 acetylation
Authors: Park Sangho , Stanfield Robyn L. , Martinez-Yamout Maria A. , Dyson H. Jane , Wilson Ian A. , Wright Peter E. 
Published: July 2017

Significance
CREB-binding protein (CBP) and its paralog p300 play a vital role in regulating gene transcription. Through the enzymatic activity of their histone acetyltransferase (HAT) domain, CBP and p300 control the accessibility of genes in chromatin and activate transcription. They also function as transcriptional repressors following SUMOylation of the cell cycle regulatory domain 1 (CRD1) located N-terminal to the catalytic core. We present structural and biochemical results showing that the CBP bromodomain, CH2, and ZZ domains, which flank the acetyltransferase domain, regulate acetyltransferase activity and also promote SUMOylation of the adjacent CRD1 cell cycle regulatory domain. This study provides insights into the function of the catalytic core and the role of adjacent domains and a disordered regulatory loop in mediating CBP/p300 activity.
PI3K-p110α mediates the oncogenic activity induced by loss of the novel tumor suppressor PI3K-p85α
Authors: Thorpe Lauren M. , Spangle Jennifer M. , Ohlson Carolynn E. , Cheng Hailing , Roberts Thomas M. , Cantley Lewis C. , Zhao Jean J. 
Published: July 2017

Significance
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway hyperactivation is a common event in cancer, and understanding alterations in this pathway is critical. Recently, the p85 regulatory subunit of PI3K has come into focus as a novel pathway component targeted in cancers. We find that decreased p85α contributes to transformation of in vitro and in vivo models of breast cancer. We provide evidence that partial loss of p85α increases the binding of p110α–p85 signaling complexes to activated receptors, thereby augmenting PI3K pathway output. Our findings indicate that p85α loss may be transforming in any context where PI3K is activated. Additionally, they implicate a role for monomeric free p85 as a negative regulator of PI3K signaling.
Subunit-specific role for the amino-terminal domain of AMPA receptors in synaptic targeting
Authors: Díaz-Alonso Javier , Sun Yujiao J. , Granger Adam J. , Levy Jonathan M. , Blankenship Sabine M. , Nicoll Roger A. 
Published: July 2017

Significance
It is generally accepted that trafficking of AMPA receptors underlies synaptic enhancement during long-term potentiation, a cellular model for learning and memory. The role of the cytoplasmic C-terminal domain of AMPA receptors in trafficking has been extensively studied. Here we show that the extracellular amino-terminal domain (ATD) plays a critical role in subunit-specific trafficking. The ATD of GluA1, but not GluA2, is required for the translocation of surface GluA1 homomers to the synapse and this requirement is maintained in GluA1A2 heteromeric receptors. How the GluA1 ATD engages the synaptic cleft proteins remains to be elucidated.
USim: A New Device and App for Case-Specific, Intraoperative Ultrasound Simulation and Rehearsal in Neurosurgery. A Preliminary Study
Authors: Perin Alessandro , Prada Francesco Ugo , Moraldo Michela , Schiappacasse Andrea , Galbiati Tommaso Francesco , Gambatesa Enrico , d’Orio Piergiorgio , Riker Nicole Irene , Basso Curzio , Santoro Matteo , Meling Torstein Ragnar , Schaller Karl , DiMeco Francesco 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Intraoperative ultrasound (iUS) is an excellent aid for neurosurgeons to perform better and safer operations thanks to real time, continuous, and high-quality intraoperative visualization.

OBJECTIVE
To develop an innovative training method to teach how to perform iUS in neurosurgery.

METHODS
Patients undergoing surgery for different brain or spine lesions were iUS scanned (before opening the dura) in order to arrange a collection of 3-dimensional, US images; this set of data was matched and paired to preoperatively acquired magnetic resonance images in order to create a library of neurosurgical cases to be studied offline for training and rehearsal purposes. This new iUS training approach was preliminarily tested on 14 European neurosurgery residents, who participated at the 2016 European Association of Neurosurgical Societies Training Course (Sofia, Bulgaria).

RESULTS
USim was developed by Camelot and the Besta NeuroSim Center as a dedicated app that transforms any smartphone into a “virtual US probe,” in order to simulate iUS applied to neurosurgery on a series of anonymized, patient-specific cases of different central nervous system tumors (eg, gliomas, metastases, meningiomas) for education, simulation, and rehearsal purposes. USim proved to be easy to use and allowed residents to quickly learn to handle a US probe and interpret iUS semiotics.

CONCLUSION
USim could help neurosurgeons learn neurosurgical iUS safely. Furthermore, neurosurgeons could simulate many cases, of different brain/spinal cord tumors, that resemble the specific cases they have to operate on. Finally, the library of cases would be continuously updated, upgraded, and made available to neurosurgeons.
Resources for Interpreting Variants in Precision Genomic Oncology Applications
Authors: Tsang Hsinyi , Addepalli Durga , Davis Sean R. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPrecision genomic oncology–applying high throughput sequencing (HTS) at the point-of-care to inform clinical decisions–is a developing precision medicine paradigm that is seeing increasing adoption. Simultaneously, new developments in targeted agents and immunotherapy, when informed by rich genomic characterization, offer potential benefit to a growing subset of patients. Multiple previous studies have commented on methods for identifying both germline and somatic variants. However, interpreting individual variants remains a significant challenge, relying in large part on the integration of observed variants with biological knowledge. A number of data and software resources have been developed to assist in interpreting observed variants, determining their potential clinical actionability, and augmenting them with ancillary information that can inform clinical decisions and even generate new hypotheses for exploration in the laboratory. Here, we review available variant catalogs, variant and functional annotation software and tools, and databases of clinically actionable variants that can be used in an ad hoc approach with research samples or incorporated into a data platform for interpreting and formally reporting clinical results.
Cortical circuits implement optimal context integration
Authors: Iyer Ramakrishnan , Mihalas Stefan 
Published: July 2017

Neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1) predominantly respond to a patch of the visual input, their classical receptive field. These responses are modulated by the visual input in the surround [2]. This reflects the fact that features in natural scenes do not occur in isolation: lines, surfaces are generally continuous, and the surround provides context for the information in the classical receptive field. It is generally assumed that the information in the near surround is transmitted via lateral connections between neurons in the same area [2]. A series of large scale efforts have recently described the relation between lateral connectivity and visual evoked responses and found like-to-like connectivity between excitatory neurons [16, 18]. Additionally, specific cell type connectivity for inhibitory neuron types has been described [11, 31]. Current normative models of cortical function relying on sparsity [27], saliency [4] predict functional inhibition between similarly tuned neurons. What computations are consistent with the observed structure of the lateral connections between the excitatory and diverse types of inhibitory neurons?We combined natural scene statistics [24] and mouse V1 neuron responses [7] to compute the lateral connections and computations of individual neurons which optimally integrate information from the classical receptive field with that from the surround by directly implementing Bayes rule. This increases the accuracy of representation of a natural scene under noisy conditions. We show that this network has like-to-like connectivity between excitatory neurons, similar to the observed one [16, 18, 11], and has three types of inhibition: local normalization, surround inhibition and gating of inhibition from the surround - that can be attributed to three classes of inhibitory neurons. We hypothesize that this computation: optimal integration of contextual cues with a gate to ignore context when necessary is a general property of cortical circuits, and the rules constructed for mouse V1 generalize to other areas and species.
Cerebral ischemia-induced genes are increased in acute schizophrenia: an opportunity for clinical translation of genomic research findings
Authors: Moises Hans W. , Hess Moritz , Binder Harald 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTSchizophrenia is a brain disorder of unknown etiology. Brain imaging studies have revealed evidence for hypoperfusion of the frontal cortex (hypofrontality) and progressive brain volume reduction in schizophrenic patients. Mild cerebral ischemia (oligemia) has been postulated as a cause of the disorder. If the ischemia hypothesis for the adult brain is correct, genes induced by cerebral ischemia should be increased in the frontal cortex of schizophrenic patients during acute psychosis. Here, we show for the first time through a combined analysis of gene expression data from all the studies of the Stanley Brain Collection covering the Brodmann area 46 of the frontal cortex and employing the well-established Affymetrix HGU133a microarray platform that genes upregulated by cerebral ischemia are significantly overexpressed (4.5-fold) in the frontal cortex of acute schizophrenic patients (representation factor (RF) 4.5,p< 0.0002) and to a lesser degree in chronic patients (RF 3.9,p< 0.008) in comparison to normal controls. Neurodevelopmental-, repair-, inflammation- and synapse-related genes showed no significant change. The difference between acute and chronic schizophrenic patients regarding cerebral ischemia-induced genes was highly significant (RF 2.8,p< 0.00007). The results reported here are in line with evidence from biochemical, cellular, electroencephalographic, brain imaging, cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy, vascular, and genetic association studies. In summary, our genomic analysis revealed a clear ischemic signature in the frontal cortex of schizophrenia patients, confirming the prediction of the adult ischemia hypothesis for this disorder. This finding suggests new possibilities for the treatment and prevention of schizophrenia.
Long non-coding RNA repertoire and regulation by nuclear exosome, cytoplasmic exonuclease and RNAi in fission yeast
Authors: Atkinson Sophie R , Marguerat Samuel , Bitton Danny A , Rodríguez-López Maria , Rallis Charalampos , Lemay Jean-François , Cotobal Cristina , Malecki Michal , Mata Juan , Bachand François , Bähler Jürg 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTranscriptomes feature pervasive, but poorly defined long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). We identify 5775 novel lncRNAs in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, nearly 4-times the previously annotated lncRNAs. Most lncRNAs become derepressed under genetic and physiological perturbations, especially during late meiosis. These lncRNAs are targeted by three RNA-processing pathways: the nuclear exosome, cytoplasmic exonuclease and RNAi, with substantial coordination and redundancy among pathways. We classify lncRNAs into cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs), Xrn1-sensitive unstable transcripts (XUTs), and Dicer-sensitive unstable transcripts (DUTs). XUTs and DUTs are enriched for antisense lncRNAs, while CUTs are often bidirectional and actively translated. The cytoplasmic exonuclease and RNAi repress thousands of meiotically induced RNAs. Antisense lncRNA and sense mRNA expression often negatively correlate in the physiological, but not the genetic conditions. Intergenic and bidirectional lncRNAs emerge from nucleosome-depleted regions, upstream of positioned nucleosomes. This broad survey of the S. pombe lncRNA repertoire and characteristics provides a rich resource for functional analyses.
Nonpolio enteroviruses can also be recovered from non-reproducible cytopathology in L20B cell line
Authors: Adeniji J. A. , Ibok U.I. , Ayinde O.T. , Oragwa A.O. , George U.E. , Faleye T.O.C. , Adewumi M.O. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTSamples showing cytopathology (CPE) on initial inoculation into L20B cell line but with no observed or reproducible CPE on passage in L20B or RD are considered negative for both poliovirus and nonpolio enteroviruses (NPEVs). The phenomenon is termed ‘non-reproducible CPE’. Its occurrence is usually ascribed to the likely presence of reoviruses, adenoviruses and other non-enteroviruses. This study aimed to investigate the likelihood that NPEVs are also present in cases with non-reproducible CPE.Twenty-six (26) cell culture suspensions were analyzed in this study. The suspensions were collected from the WHO National Polio Laboratory, Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan. The suspensions emanated from 13 L20B cell culture tubes that showed cytopathology within 5 days of inoculation with fecal suspension from AFP cases. However, on passage into one each of RD and L20B cell lines, the CPE was not reproducible. All samples were subjected to RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, the WHO recommended VP1 RT-seminestedPCR assay, species resolution PCR assay, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.Six (6) samples were positive for the VP1 RT-seminested PCR assay. Only four of which were positive by the species resolution PCR assay. The four amplicons were sequenced, however, only three (3) were successfully identified as Coxsackievirus A20 (2 isolates) and Echovirus 29 (1 isolate).The results of this study unambiguously showed the presence of NPEVs (particularly CVA20 and E29) in cell culture supernatants of samples with CPE on initial inoculation into L20B cell line but with no observed or reproducible CPE on passage in RD cell line. Therefore, like reoviruses, adenoviruses and other non-enteroviruses, NPEVs can also be recovered in cases with non-reproducible CPE.
Fibronectin type III and intracellular domains of Toll-like receptor 4 interactor with leucine-rich repeats (Tril) are required for developmental signaling
Authors: Kim Hyung-Seok , McKnite Autumn , Xie Yuanyuan , Christian Jan L. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractToll-like receptor 4 interactor with leucine-rich repeats (Tril) is a transmembrane protein that functions as a coreceptor for Toll-like receptors (Tlrs) to mediate innate immune responses in the adult brain. Tril also triggers degradation of the Bmp inhibitor, Smad7, during early embryonic development to allow for normal blood formation. Tril most likely plays additional, yet to be discovered, roles during embryogenesis. In the current studies, we performed a structure-function analysis, which indicated that the extracellular domain, including the fibronectin type III (FN) domain, and the intracellular domain of Tril are required to trigger Smad7 degradation in the earlyXenopusembryo. Furthermore, we found that a Tril deletion mutant lacking the FN domain (TrilΔFN) can dominantly inhibit signaling by endogenous Tril when overexpressed in vivo. This finding raises the intriguing possibility that the FN domain functions to bind endogenous Tril/Tlr4 ligands, perhaps including extracellular matrix molecules. We also show that Tril normally cycles between the cell surface and endosomes, and that the Tril extracellular domain is required to retain Tril at the cell surface, while the intracellular domain is required for Tril internalization inXenopusectodermal explants. Using a CHO cell aggregation assay, we further show that, unlike other transmembrane proteins that contain leucine rich repeats in the extracellular domain, Tril is not sufficient to mediate homophilic adhesion. Our findings identify TrilΔFN as a valuable tool that can be used to block the function of endogenous Tril in vivo in order to discover additional roles during embryonic development.
Influence of evolving culture on leadership: a study of Fijian cooperatives
Authors: Eti-Tofinga Buriata , Douglas Heather , Singh Gurmeet 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine how leadership is shaped by a changing cultural context.

Design/methodology/approach
This is an exploratory study based on semi-structured interviews with leaders of Fijian cooperatives.

Findings
The political and cultural environment in Fiji has changed over time, and these changing arrangements shape expectations of what is considered to be appropriate leadership in Fijian cooperatives. To be consistent with changing societal values, leaders of Fijian cooperatives employ a context-sensitive hybrid leadership style in which legitimacy is an important dimension.

Research implications
Researchers need to examine the cultural context as a dynamic influencing element of leadership.

Practical implications
Leaders of cooperatives and similar values-based organizations would benefit from applying a legitimate and context-sensitive hybrid leadership style.

Originality/value
This study contributes new understandings of the cultural influences on organizational leadership.
Emotion evolutions of sub-topics about popular events on microblogs
Authors: Zhou Qingqing , Zhang Chengzhi 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The development of social media has led to large numbers of internet users now producing massive amounts of user-generated content (UGC). UGC, which shows users’ opinions about events directly, is valuable for monitoring public opinion. Current researches have focused on analysing topic evolutions in UGC. However, few researches pay attention to emotion evolutions of sub-topics about popular events. Important details about users’ opinions might be missed, as users’ emotions are ignored. This paper aims to extract sub-topics about a popular event from UGC and investigate the emotion evolutions of each sub-topic.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper first collects UGC about a popular event as experimental data and conducts subjectivity classification on the data to get subjective corpus. Second, the subjective corpus is classified into different emotion categories using supervised emotion classification. Meanwhile, a topic model is used to extract sub-topics about the event from the subjective corpora. Finally, the authors use the results of emotion classification and sub-topic extraction to analyze emotion evolutions over time.

Findings
Experimental results show that specific primary emotions exist in each sub-topic and undergo evolutions differently. Moreover, the authors find that performance of emotion classifier is optimal with term frequency and relevance frequency as the feature-weighting method.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first research to mine emotion evolutions of sub-topics about an event with UGC. It mines users’ opinions about sub-topics of event, which may offer more details that are useful for analysing users’ emotions in preparation for decision-making.