bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alerted default mode: functional connectivity changes in the aftermath of social stress
Authors: Clemens Benjamin , Wagels Lisa , Bauchmüller Magdalena , Bergs Rene , Habel Ute , Kohn Nils 
Published: January 2017

AbstractStress affects the brain at a network level: the salience network is supposedly upregulated, while at the same time the executive control network is downregulated. While theoretically described, the effects in the aftermath of stress have thus far not been tested empirically. Here, we compared for the first time resting-state functional connectivity in a large sample of healthy volunteers before and after a mild social stressor. Following the theoretical prediction, we focused on connectivity of the salience network (SN), the executive control network (ECN) and the default mode network (DMN). The DMN exhibited increased resting-state functional connectivity following the cyberball task to the key nodes of the SN, namely the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and the anterior insula, as well as sensorimotor regions and higher-order visual areas. We conclude that this increased connectivity of the DMN with key nodes of the SN and regions responsible for preparatory motor activity and visual motion processing indicates a shift towards an ‘alerted default mode’ in the aftermath of stress. This brain response may be triggered or aggravated by (social) stress induced by the cyberball task, enabling individuals to better reorient attention, detect salient external stimuli, and deal with the emotional and affective consequences of stress.
Thermal separation of soil particles from thermal conductivity measurement under various air pressures
Authors: Lu Sen , Ren Tusheng , Lu Yili , Meng Ping , Zhang Jinsong 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe thermal conductivity of dry soils is related closely to air pressure and the contact areas between solid particles. In this study, the thermal conductivity of two-phase soil systems was determined under reduced and increased air pressures. The thermal separation of soil particles, i.e., the characteristic dimension of the pore space (d), was then estimated based on the relationship between soil thermal conductivity and air pressure. Results showed that under both reduced and increased air pressures, d estimations were significantly larger than the geometrical mean separation of solid particles (D), which suggested that conductive heat transfer through solid particles dominated heat transfer in dry soils. The increased air pressure approach gave d values lower than that of the reduced air pressure method. With increasing air pressure, more collisions between gas molecules and solid surface occurred in micro-pores and intra-aggregate pores due to the reduction of mean free path of air molecules. Compared to the reduced air pressure approach, the increased air pressure approach expressed more micro-pore structure attributes in heat transfer. We concluded that measuring thermal conductivity under increased air pressure procedures gave better-quality d values, and improved soil micro-pore structure estimation.
Economic Impact of Hearing Loss and Reduction of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in the United States
Authors: Neitzel Richard L. , Swinburn Tracy K. , Hammer Monica S. , Eisenberg Daniel 
Published: January 2017

PurposeHearing loss (HL) is pervasive and debilitating, and noise-induced HL is preventable by reducing environmental noise. Lack of economic analyses of HL impacts means that prevention and treatment remain a low priority for public health and environmental investment.MethodThis article estimates the costs of HL on productivity by building on established estimates for HL prevalence and wage and employment differentials between those with and without HL.ResultsWe estimate that HL affects more than 13% of the working population. Not all HL can be prevented or treated, but if the 20% of HL resulting from excessive noise exposure were prevented, the economic benefit would be substantial—we estimate a range of $58 billion to $152 billion annually, with a core estimate of $123 billion. We believe this is a conservative estimate, because consideration of additional costs of HL, including health care and special education, would likely further increase the benefits associated with HL prevention.ConclusionHL is costly and warrants additional emphasis in public and environmental health programs. This study represents an important first step in valuing HL prevention—in particular, prevention of noise-induced HL—where new policies and technologies appear promising.
Chip implementation of a new hyperchaotic oscillator
Authors: Wu Y.‐L. , Yang C.‐H. , Wu C.‐H. 
Published: January 2017

A new four‐dimensional hyperchaotic oscillator is proposed. Non‐linear dynamic analysis of the hyperchaotic oscillator is presented. Furthermore, an analogue circuit of the hyperchaotic oscillator is implemented on a chip for some relevant engineering applications such as information encryption. The entire chip area occupies 0.69 × 0.84 mm in 0.35 μm CMOS process with power dissipation of 475 mW from a 3.3 V supply voltage.
Higher rates of sex evolve during adaptation to more complex environments
Authors: Luijckx Pepijn , Ho Eddie Ka Ho , Gasim Majid , Chen Suyang , Stanic Andrijana , Yanchus Connor , Kim Yun Seong , Agrawal Aneil F. 
Published: January 2017

Significance
The existence of sexual reproduction despite its well-known costs is a decades-old puzzle. Although recent studies show that sex can be advantageous because it may facilitate adaptation, it remains unclear whether all types of adaptation result in the same sexual response. Using experimental evolution we show that adaptation to different environments results in varying amounts of sex and, more importantly, that higher levels of sex evolve when adapting to more complex environments. As environments in nature are inherently complex, our findings help explain why so many natural populations maintain such high levels of sex.
A hypothalamic circuit that controls body temperature
Authors: Zhao Zheng-Dong , Yang Wen Z. , Gao Cuicui , Fu Xin , Zhang Wen , Zhou Qian , Chen Wanpeng , Ni Xinyan , Lin Jun-Kai , Yang Juan , Xu Xiao-Hong , Shen Wei L. 
Published: January 2017

Significance
Thermal homeostasis is essential for survival in mammals. Although it is known that temperature-sensitive neurons in the hypothalamus can control body temperature, the precise neural types and dynamics of neurons responding to changes in environmental temperature are not well defined. In this study, we identified subsets of temperature-activated neurons in two hypothalamic nuclei, the preoptic area (POA) and the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH), and showed that modulating their activity can lead to alterations in core temperature. The data further suggest that heat-activated GABAergic neurons in the POA reduce the activity of cold-activated neurons in the DMH, which function to increase thermogenesis and physical activity. These data identify a neural circuit that controls core temperature and thermogenesis.
Directional emission from dye-functionalized plasmonic DNA superlattice microcavities
Authors: Park Daniel J. , Ku Jessie C. , Sun Lin , Lethiec Clotilde M. , Stern Nathaniel P. , Schatz George C. , Mirkin Chad A. 
Published: January 2017

Significance
In this article, we use microscopic rhombic dodecahedra made from DNA-programmable assembly of programmable atom equivalents (i.e., DNA-functionalized nanoparticles), to study the importance of nano- and microscopic architecture on directional light emission. The DNA sequence design provides subnanometer control over the interactions between light-emitting molecules and metal nanoparticles, resulting in micrometer-scale light–matter interactions which induce unique spatial and spectral emission profiles. Electrodynamics calculations combining the two scales successfully model the observed behaviors. This initial study provides a compelling demonstration of the utility of DNA-programmable assembly for making 3D photonic devices that uniquely allow one to engage in structure–function relationship studies, important in fields spanning quantum electrodynamics and plasmonics.
Rejuvenation of mucosal immunosenescence by adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Tsuruhara Akitoshi , Aso Kazuyoshi , Tokuhara Daisuke , Ohori Junichiro , Kawabata Masaki , Kurono Yuichi , McGhee Jerry R , Fujihashi Kohtaro 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Age-associated alterations in the mucosal immune system are generally termed mucosal immunosenescence. The major change seen in the aged mucosa is a failure to elicit an antigen-specific secretory IgA (SIgA) antibody response, which is a central player for host defense from various pathogens at mucosal surfaces. In this regard, it would be a first priority to compensate for mucosal dysregulation in the elderly in order to maintain their health in aging. We have successfully established antigen-specific SIgA antibody responses in aged (2 years old) mice, which provide protective immunity from Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza virus infections, by using a new adjuvant system consisting of a plasmid encoding Flt3 ligand (pFL) and CpG ODN. In order to explore possible use of current mucosal vaccine strategies for the elderly, we have adoptively transferred adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) to aged mice prior to mucosal vaccination. This immune therapy successfully resulted in protective antigen-specific antibody responses in the intestinal mucosa of aged mice that were comparable to those seen in young adult mice. In this regard, we postulate that adoptively transferred AMSCs could augment dendritic cell functions in aged mice. The potential cellular and molecular mechanisms whereby AMSCs restore mucosal immunity in immunosenescence are discussed in this short review. A stem cell transfer system could be an attractive and effective immunologic intervention strategy to reverse mucosal immunosenescence.
How does Mg2+modulate the RNA folding mechanism — a case study of G:C W:W Trans base pair
Authors: Halder Antarip , Roy Rohit , Bhattacharyya Dhananjay , Mitra Abhijit 
Published: January 2017

AbstractReverse Watson-Crick G:C base pairs (G:C W:W Trans) occur frequently in different functional RNAs. It is one of the few base pairs whose gas phase optimized isolated geometry is inconsistent with the corresponding experimental geometry. Several earlier studies indicate that accumulation of positive charge near N7 of guanine, through posttranscriptional modification, direct protonation or coordination with Mg2+, can stabilize the experimental geometry. Interestingly, recent studies reveal significant variation in the position of putatively bound Mg2+. This, in conjunction with recently raised doubts regarding some of the Mg2+assignments near the imino nitrogen of guanine, is suggestive of the existence of multiple Mg2+binding modes for this base pair. Our detailed investigation of Mg2+bound G:C W:W Trans pairs, occurring in high resolution RNA crystal structures, show that they occur in 14 different contexts, 8 out of which display Mg2+binding at the Hoogsteen edge of guanine. Further examination of occurrences in these 8 contexts led to the characterization of three different Mg2+binding modes, (i) direct binding via N7 coordination, (ii) direct binding via O6 coordination and (iii) binding via hydrogen bonding interaction with the first shell water molecules. In the crystal structures, the latter two modes are associated with a buckled and propeller twisted geometry of the base pair. Interestingly, respective optimized geometries of these different Mg2+binding modes (optimized at B3LYP) are consistent with their corresponding experimental geometries. Subsequent interaction energy calculations at MP2 level, and decomposition of its components, suggest that for G:C W:W Trans, Mg2+binding can fine tune the base pair geometries without compromising with their stability. Our results, therefore, underline the importance of the mode of binding of Mg2+ions in shaping RNA structure, folding and function.
Tracking Real-Time Changes in Working Memory Updating and Gating with the Event-Based Eye-Blink Rate
Authors: Rac-Lubashevsky Rachel , Slagter Heleen A. , Kessler Yoav 
Published: January 2017

AbstractEffective working memory (WM) functioning depends on the gating process that regulates the balance between maintenance and updating of WM. The present study used the event-based eye-blink rate (ebEBR), which presumably reflects phasic striatal dopamine activity, to examine how the cognitive processes of gating and updating separately facilitate flexible updating of WM contents and the potential involvement of dopamine in these processes. Realtime changes in eye blinks were tracked during performance on the reference-back task, in which demands on these two processes were independently manipulated. In all three experiments, trials that required WM updating and trials that required gate switching were both associated with increased ebEBR. These results may support theprefrontal cortex basal ganglia WM model(PBWM) by linking updating and gating to striatal dopaminergic activity. In Experiment 3, the ebEBR was used to determine what triggers gate switching. We found that switching to an updating mode (gate opening) was more stimulus driven and retroactive than switching to a maintenance mode, which was more context driven. Together, these findings show that the ebEBR – an inexpensive, non-invasive, easy-to-use measure – can be used to track changes in WM demands during task performance and, hence, possibly striatal dopamine activity.
Frequent recombination of pneumococcal capsule highlights future risks of emergence of novel serotypes
Authors: Mostowy Rafał J. , Croucher Nicholas J. , De Maio Nicola , Chewapreecha Claire , Salter Susannah J. , Turner Paul , Aanensen David M. , Bentley Stephen D. , Didelot Xavier , Fraser Christophe 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCapsular diversity ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeconstitutes a major obstacle in eliminating the pneumococcal disease. Such diversity is genetically encoded by almost 100 variants of the capsule polysaccharide locus (cps). However, the evolutionary dynamics of the capsule – the target of the currently used vaccines – remains not fully understood. Here, using genetic data from 4,469 bacterial isolates, we foundcpsto be an evolutionary hotspot with elevated substitution and recombination rates. These rates were a consequence of altered selection at this locus, supporting the hypothesis that the capsule has an increased potential to generate novel diversity compared to the rest of the genome. Analysis of twelve serogroups revealed their complex evolutionary history, which was principally driven by recombination with other serogroups and other streptococci. We observed significant variation in recombination rates between different serogroups. This variation could only be partially explained by the lineage-specific recombination rate, the remaining factors being likely driven by serogroup-specific ecology and epidemiology. Finally, we discovered two previously unobserved mosaic serotypes in the densely sampled collection from Mae La, Thailand, here termed 10X and 21X. Our results thus emphasise the strong adaptive potential of the bacterium by its ability to generate novel serotypes by recombination.
Collection development in UK university libraries
Authors: Hunt Stuart 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to highlight collection development activity in UK higher education libraries and to place it within both a conceptual and strategic context.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses a theoretical approach to collection development and content strategy derived from literary theory to contextualise debates. It uses current examples from collection management within UK academic libraries.

Findings
This paper suggests that collection development is not exclusively a library practitioner activity but needs to be considered within a wider context that takes account of multiple strands of collection selection and management. Collection development cannot be considered in isolation but alongside collection management and in relation to content strategy.

Research limitations/implications
This paper includes consideration of the topic of collection development that is influenced by other disciplines, notably literary theory. This suggests that research in library science should include input from other disciplines.

Practical implications
This paper includes implications for content development within academic libraries that suggest that a re-focus at the strategic level of content is required.

Originality/value
This paper introduces a conceptual register to collection development outside of traditional library science models and posits a move to strategy.
The perceived importance of core soft skills between retailing and tourism management students, faculty and businesses
Authors: Wesley Scarlett C. , Jackson Vanessa Prier , Lee Minyoung 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
Soft skills which are a combination of personal qualities and interpersonal skills that help an employer perform their job are an increasingly important concern to businesses and academia, the purpose of this paper is to determine how students ranked the importance of soft skills and compare their rankings to retailing and tourism management faculty and businesses.

Design/methodology/approach
A cross-sectional survey of students, faculty and industry leaders was conducted using an existing survey instrument validated by Crawford et al. (2011). Faculty who were members of retailing and tourism management professional organizations were solicited to participate in the study. Retailing and tourism management students from the researchers’ university were sent a link to complete the survey. All participants were asked to rank the order of importance of the soft skills and their characteristics.

Findings
Variations in the importance of soft skills were reported between the three groups. Variations in the importance of the soft skills characteristics were also identified between the students, faculty, and industry leaders. While communication was identified as the most important soft skill by all three sample groups, experiences was the least important for students and leadership was the least important for faculty and industry leaders.

Research limitations/implications
A limitation of the study was the variation in the sample sizes between the student, faculty, and industry sample. The strength of this study lies in the ability to provide evidence for the need to compare soft skills research results for retailing and tourism management students. Soft skills are found to be important to all three groups, but differences indicate faculty and industry need to work together to clarify exactly what soft skills students need to successfully compete for employment in the retailing and tourism management field.

Originality/value
As the work world continues to change, employers seek workers who have soft skills that support their knowledge base. While technical skills are a current part of educational curricula, soft skills need to be emphasized at the university level so that students gain expertise that prepare them to be successful in this changing workplace.
Understanding, differentiating, and measuring opportunity recognition and opportunity exploitation
Authors: Kuckertz Andreas , Kollmann Tobias , Krell Patrick , Stöckmann Christoph 
Published: January 2017

PurposeOpportunity recognition and opportunity exploitation are two central concepts in the entrepreneurial process. However, there is a lack of both a clear specification of the content domains of the constructs and valid and reliable multi-item scales for their measurement. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachThis paper first reveals existing issues around the definitions and measures relating to the concepts, then defines their content domains, and also proposes scale items to measure the concepts. Four samples are used to develop the measurement instruments.FindingsTwo scales are suggested, one to measure opportunity recognition, and other to measure opportunity exploitation. The scales demonstrate reliability and construct, discriminant, and nomological validity.Originality/valueThe resulting instruments provide tools for research and practice that could prove valuable when examining the antecedents and consequences of both opportunity recognition and opportunity exploitation.
The impact of a student’s study time journal as a lesson and learning study
Authors: Tetteh Godson A. 
Published: January 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between a student’s study time and the learning outcome from a perspective that will correspond to Bloom’s (1956) taxonomy and how teaching can be developed using variation theory.Design/methodology/approachThe author designed a learning study using an experiment with three different classes of students. The experimental research question was “Does a student’s study time (massed or distributed spacing) have an impact on the learning process?”FindingsResults indicated that students in the “strictly supervised study time” grouping improved on their learning outcomes more than those in the “not strictly supervised study time” equivalent and those in the control group. It is important for students to manage their own learning activities and follow a regular study routine to improve their learning outcomes.Research limitations/implicationsThis study used undergraduate students at a university in Ghana, and its findings may not necessarily be applicable to other populations. One other limitation was that the author did not control for the lecturer’s expectations and how these may have influenced students’ learning outcomes. Another potential limitation was that total quality management was the only subject area used for this study.Practical implicationsThe objective of the study was to use the motivated strategies for learning questionnaire (MSLQ) approach by Pintrichet al.(1991) to determine the relationship between a student’s study time and the impact on their learning outcomes. The results imply that students must take more active roles in their learning by having regular study time.Originality/valueCurrently, to the best of the author’s knowledge, there are not many experiment-based research studies on a student’s study time using the MSLQ approach by Pintrichet al.(1991). This study contributes to the existing literature by examining how a student’s study time (massed or distributed spacing) has an impact on the learning outcome as a lesson and learning study.