bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two simplified tooth sample preparation methods for conventional laboratory and RapidHIT™ ID workflows
Authors: Eaton Morgan , Woolf M. Shane , Pemmasani Samyuktha , Turner Triniti , Deeb Janina Golob , Dawson Green Tracey 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDisaster victim identification (DVI) refers to the forensic identification of unknown individuals following a mass disaster event. Human dental structures can contain viable DNA sources when other soft tissues are compromised. However, labor‐intensive sample preparation performed by extensively trained personnel is needed to expose the nuclear material for traditional forensic DNA workflows. With this in mind, we evaluated two simplified sample preparation protocols for processing tooth samples using either a conventional forensic DNA workflow or the Applied Biosystems® RapidHIT™ ID instrument. Briefly, sample sets for both protocols included 10 deciduous teeth that were cleaned prior to either fragmentation with a claw hammer (for RapidHIT™ ID processing) or fine‐powder pulverization with a consumer‐grade coffee grinder (for traditional workflows). The average percentage of expected STR alleles that were detected above analytical threshold for these tooth samples were comparable between methods: RapidHIT™ ID = 99.0% and GlobalFiler™ = 99.8%. Average intralocus heterozygote peak height ratios (PHRs) were comparable: RapidHIT™ ID = 0.80 and GlobalFiler™ = 0.86. Importantly, 9 of 10 samples analyzed via the RapidHIT™ ID required analyst review for flagged artifact peaks and quality issues. Across all profiles, 91% of alleles passed quality metrics for the RapidHIT™ workflow versus 100% for conventional GlobalFiler™ analysis. Collectively, these results suggest that quick, low‐tech tooth sample fragmentation followed by analysis with the RapidHIT™ ID instrument can produce complete STR profiles from aged tooth samples. Future studies should include larger samples sets, more challenging tooth samples, and further simplification of sample preparation to enable field‐forward, on‐scene DVI.
Recommendations for developing a comprehensive point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) program in the emergency department: an Emergency Medicine Ultrasound Group advocacy statement
Authors: Phillips Luke , Maclean Alastair , Monester Josh , Douglas Joanne , Davidson Stacey , King Gabriela 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivesPoint‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) use is widespread in EDs and throughout those practising medicine. Between institutions and specialities, there is widespread variety and training. With this comes the risk of patient harm and backlash to a clinically useful modality. Our objective is to form a statement that encompasses current published and unpublished guidance for creating and maintaining robust POCUS programs in EDs.MethodsEmergency Medicine Ultrasound Group (EMUG) identified this gap and volunteers from the group undertook a literature search of current best practice and institution guidelines relating to POCUS programs. They contacted colleagues from other specialities to find and get access to other countries and colleges' POCUS guidelines. EMUGs regularly run discussion forums (Collab‐labs) and points from these were considered. Recommendations were then formed from these and recurrent unpublished obstacles the group had encountered. The result was reviewed by clinical leaders in ultrasound and POCUS users in Australasia.ResultsThe recommendations were organised under five pillars: Infrastructure, Governance, Administration, Education and Quality.ConclusionThese recommendations complement existing guidelines and are not intended to replace them; however, we hope to promote discussion and provide reference support for those developing POCUS programs. Implementing a comprehensive and robust ED POCUS program will ensure safe, effective and standardised high‐quality POCUS use, with the aim of improving patient care across Australia and New Zealand. Patient safety will be enhanced through effective risk management and quality assurance and there will be consistency in POCUS education, training and credentialing across institutions.
Metabolic versatility of aerobic methane‐oxidizing bacteria under anoxia in aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Li Biao , Mao Zhendu , Xue Jingya , Xing Peng , Wu Qinglong L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe potential positive feedback between global aquatic deoxygenation and methane (CH4) emission emphasizes the importance of understanding CH4 cycling under O2‐limited conditions. Increasing observations for aerobic CH4‐oxidizing bacteria (MOB) under anoxia have updated the prevailing paradigm that MOB are O2‐dependent; thus, clarification on the metabolic mechanisms of MOB under anoxia is critical and timely. Here, we mapped the global distribution of MOB under anoxic aquatic zones and summarized four underlying metabolic strategies for MOB under anoxia: (a) forming a consortium with oxygenic microorganisms; (b) self‐generation/storage of O2 by MOB; (c) forming a consortium with non‐oxygenic heterotrophic bacteria that use other electron acceptors; and (d) utilizing alternative electron acceptors other than O2. Finally, we proposed directions for future research. This study calls for improved understanding of MOB under anoxia, and underscores the importance of this overlooked CH4 sink amidst global aquatic deoxygenation.
Epidemiological study of overall survivability of individuals diagnosed with lung and bronchus cancer in Michigan between the years 1996 and 2017
Authors: Nader Georgette , Sharma Akhil , Abdelsamia Mahmoud , Wang Ling , Atti Lalitsiri , Laird‐Fick Heather 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionLung and bronchus cancer is a leading cause of death in the United States. Compared with the national average, Michigan has an increased mortality rate and low early screening and treatment rates. This study aimed to explore the epidemiological trends and assess overall survival (OS) of patients diagnosed with lung cancer in Michigan from 1996 to 2017.MethodsData was acquired from the Michigan Cancer Surveillance Program (MCSP). Log‐rank test was used to test OS among the time periods, univariate and multivariate cox regression models were employed to determine factors that significantly affected OS. We hypothesized that the introduction of more inclusive lung cancer screening guidelines in 2013 would improve OS for patients diagnosed after its implementation and that individual characteristics and tumor characteristics would both affect OS.ResultsNotably, 153 742 individuals met inclusion criteria: 54.22% male and 45.78% female. Mean age at diagnosis was 69 years. No significant difference in OS was found among the three time periods (p = 0.99). Univariate analyses identified four individual characteristics associated with reduced OS: age at diagnosis, male sex, American Indian race, and living in rural or urban area. Reduced OS was associated with primary sites tumors at main bronchus, lung base, or within overlapping lobes, and SEER stage 7.ConclusionsThis study highlights several factors that influence OS. Consideration of these factors may be helpful as a community outreach tool to help increase early detection and reduce overall mortality.
Targeting TGF‐β signaling, oxidative stress, and cellular senescence rescues osteoporosis in gerodermia osteodysplastica
Authors: Chan W. L. , Bucher C. H. , Goldes J. , Ma A. C. , Steiner M. , Willie B. M. , Mundlos S. , Kornak U. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGORAB is a key regulator of Golgi vesicle transport and protein glycanation. Loss of GORAB function in gerodermia osteodysplastica (GO) causes shortening of glycosaminoglycan chains, leading to extracellular matrix disorganization that results in wrinkled skin, osteoporosis and elevated TGF‐β signaling. In this study, we investigated the role of TGF‐β‐signaling, oxidative stress, and resulting cellular senescence in the osteoporosis phenotype of GO. Treatment of GorabPrx1 conditional knockouts with the TGF‐β neutralizing antibody 1D11 rescued the trabecular bone loss, indicating that TGF‐β overactivation causes osteoporosis in GO. Using an inducible knockout system, we demonstrated that TGF‐β dysregulation was not a cell‐intrinsic effect of GORAB inactivation, but a consequence of a disorganized extracellular matrix. Enhanced TGF‐β signaling caused elevated Nox4 expression in GorabPrx1 mutants and in GO patients' fibroblasts, resulting in overproduction of mitochondrial superoxide. The resulting oxidative stress was detected in GORAB null cells and also in wildtype bystander cells. The same effect was observed in zebrafish after TALEN‐mediated gorab inactivation, indicating that the pathway is evolutionarily conserved. Treating GorabPrx1 mutants with the antioxidant N‐acetylcysteine ameliorated the osteoporosis phenotype. TGF‐β induced oxidative stress coincided with accumulation of DNA damage and elevated expression of senescence markers. Inactivation of Cdkn2a in the GorabPrx1 rescued the osteoporosis phenotype. Reduced colony formation and altered subpopulations of bone marrow stromal cells were normalized upon inactivation of Cdkn2a, thus further demonstrating the relevance of cellular senescence in the pathogenesis. Our results shed light on the causative role of a TGF‐β‐Nox4‐senescence axis and therapeutic strategies for GO.
Sharing endodontic research on social media platforms: Is it effective? A 10‐year timeline analysis
Authors: Hassan Reham , Nasr Maha , Abdelrahman Hams H. , Hassan Mohamed G. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to analyse the social media activity related to endodontic research over the last 10‐years. All research articles published in endodontic journals listed in Scopus (Sc) published in 2012 and 2018 were included in our study. The Altmetric Attention Score (AAS), Twitter, and Facebook mentions were obtained for each article. Citation counts were extracted using two citation metrics: Google Scholar (GS) and Sc. Correlations between the AAS, the number of social media mentions, and citations were analysed using Spearman's rank order correlation coefficient. A multivariable Poisson log‐linear regression analysis shows that papers mentioned on social media gain about 35% more citations in GS and 31% more citations in Sc. The academic citations per article on GS and Sc were positively correlated with the AAS. Our data suggest an increasing positive correlation between social media mentions and article citations over the years.
Different characteristics of the tumor immune microenvironment among subtypes of salivary gland cancer
Authors: Nagatani Yoshiaki , Kiyota Naomi , Imamura Yoshinori , Koyama Taiji , Funakoshi Yohei , Komatsu Masato , Itoh Tomoo , Teshima Masanori , Nibu Ken‐Ichi , Sakai Kazuko , Nishio Kazuto , Shimomura Manami , Nakatsura Tetsuya , Ikarashi Daiki , Nakayama Takayuki , Kitano Shigehisa , Minami Hironobu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimAlthough immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPi) for salivary gland cancer (SGC) have been investigated in clinical trials, details of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) remain unclear. This research aimed to elucidate the TIME of SGC and its relationship with tumor mutation burden (TMB) and to explore the rationale for the applicability of ICPi.Materials and methodsWe selected five pathological types, namely adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC); adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified (ANOS); salivary duct carcinoma (SDC); and low/high‐grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEClow/high). We investigated the TIME and TMB of each pathological type. TIME was evaluated by multiplexed fluorescent immunohistochemistry. TMB was measured by next‐generation sequencing.ResultsACC and MEChigh showed the lowest and highest infiltration of immune effector and suppressor cells in both tumor and stroma. ANOS, SDC, and MEClow showed modest infiltration of immune effector cells in tumors. Correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between CD3+CD8+ T cells in tumor and TMB (r = 0.647). CD3+CD8+ T cells in tumors showed a positive correlation with programmed cell death‐ligand 1 expression in tumor cells (r = 0.513) and a weak positive correlation with CD3+CD4+Foxp3+ cells in tumors (r = 0.399). However, no correlation was observed between CD3+CD8+ T cells and CD204+ cells in tumors (r = ‐0.049).ConclusionThe TIME of ACC was the so‐called immune desert type, which may explain the mechanisms of the poor response to ICPi in previous clinical trials. On the other hand, MEChigh was the immune‐inflamed type, and this may support the rationale of ICPi for this pathological subtype.
An integrated dual process model in predicting e‐cigarette use in undergraduate students
Authors: Phipps Daniel J. , Nott Natasha J. , Hamilton Kyra 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe use of e‐cigarette or vape devices is a growing concern on an international scale, given the devices' addictive nature and questions regarding their short‐ and long‐term health impacts. Their use is especially an issue in young people, many of whom have little or no previous nicotine use experience. This study tested an integrated dual process model in 363 young Australian undergraduates where prospectively measured e‐cigarette use was predicted by the psychological constructs of the theory of planned behavior, supplemented with risk perception, e‐cigarette dependence, habit, and implicit attitude. Intention to use an e‐cigarette was predicted by affective attitude, subjective norm, and e‐cigarette dependance, but not instrumental attitude, perceived behavioral control, or risk perception. E‐cigarette use was predicted by e‐cigarette dependance, intention, habit, implicit attitude, and previous nicotine use, although perceived behavioral control did not directly predict behavior nor moderate the intention–behavior relationship. Current findings provide evidence for important psychological predictors of e‐cigarette use, signposting potential intervention targets. Specifically, interventions may benefit from using strategies that tap affective or normative beliefs alongside automatic constructs and dependence, while focusing less on beliefs about the health impacts of e‐cigarettes or control over using.
Long‐term assessment of haematological recovery following somatic genetic rescue in a MYSM1‐deficient patient: Implications for in vivo gene therapy
Authors: de Tocqueville Sophie , Martin Emmanuel , Riller Quentin , Kermasson Laëtitia , France Benoit , Magérus Aude , Rieux‐Laucat Frédéric , Delhommeau François , Hirsch Pierre , Touzart Aurore , Echalier Aude , Fischer Alain , Moshous Despina , Revy Patrick 
Published: September 2024

SummaryMYSM1 deficiency causes inherited bone marrow failure syndrome (IBMFS). We have previously identified an IBMFS patient with a homozygous pathogenic variant in MYSM1 who recovered from cytopenia due to spontaneous correction of one MYSM1 variant in the haematopoietic compartment, an event called somatic genetic rescue (SGR). The study of the genetic and biological aspects of the patient's haematopoietic/lymphopoietic system over a decade after SGR shows that one genetically corrected haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) can restore a healthy and stable haematopoietic system. This supports in vivo gene correction of HSCs as a promising treatment for IBMFS, including MYSM1 deficiency.
Tert‐butylhydroquinone promotes skin flap survival by inhibiting oxidative stress mediated by the Nrf2/HO‐1 signalling pathway
Authors: Wang Kaitao , Wang An , Deng Jiapeng , Yang Jialong , Chen Guodong , Chen Qingyu , Ye Minle , Lin Dingsheng 
Published: September 2024

Background and PurposeSkin flaps are among the most important means of wound repair in clinical settings. However, partial or even total distal necrosis may occur after a flap operation, with severe consequences for both patients and doctors. This study investigated whether tert‐butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), a known agonist of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2), and an antioxidant, could promote skin flap survival.Experimental ApproachMcFarlane skin flap models were established in male Sprague–Dawley rats and then randomly divided into control, low‐dose TBHQ, and high‐dose TBHQ treatment groups. On postoperative day 7, the survival and blood flow of the skin flaps were assessed. Using flap tissue samples, angiogenesis, inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, and Nrf2/haem oxygenase 1 (HO‐1) signalling pathway activity were measured with immunohistochemical techniques and western blotting.Key ResultsTBHQ dose‐dependently stimulated the Nrf2/HO‐1 signalling pathway, inducing autophagy through the up‐regulation of LC3B and beclin 1 and concurrently suppressing p62 expression. Additionally, TBHQ hindered apoptosis by enhancing Bcl‐2 expression while inhibiting the expression of Bax. It suppressed inflammation by inhibiting the expression of interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, and tumour necrosis factor‐α and enhanced angiogenesis by promoting the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor.Conclusion and ImplicationsIn summary, TBHQ promoted flap survival in rats by up‐regulating the Nrf2/HO‐1 signalling pathway. As TBHQ is already widely used as a food additive, it could offer an acceptable means of improving clinical outcomes following skin flap surgery in patients.
Naturally Occurring Food Chemical Components and Extraintestinal and Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cooke Zoe , Lynam Kathryn , Tuck Caroline , Trakman Gina Louise 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis systematic review aims to synthesise existing literature to examine the relationship between natural food chemical components and reported symptoms.DesignA systematic literature review was completed. Databases CINAHL (Ebscohost), Medline (Ovid), Scopus, Informit Health and Google Scholar were searched to identify relevant articles. The population included human studies of adults (≥17 years) and excluded those with IgE‐mediate food allergies. Studies examining food chemical components or ‘food chemical elimination diets’ and symptoms were included. Data was synthesised based on clinical conditions and specific food chemical components examined. The risk of bias was assessed using the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics ‘Quality Criteria Checklist: Primary Research’.ResultsOf the 1659 articles retrieved, 21 met inclusion criteria. This included eight randomised controlled trials, four non‐randomised controlled trials, four cohort studies with placebo‐controlled challenge, one prospective cohort study, three cross sectional cohort studies, one case–controlled study. Available studies support the role of a low‐histamine diet for symptoms in chronic urticaria and low‐salicylate diet for reducing sino‐nasal symptoms in aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease and chronic rhinosinusitis and/or asthma. While further evidence is needed to verify the role of glutamate in respiratory, pain, asthma and gastrointestinal symptoms.ConclusionsFood chemical elimination diets may improve condition‐specific symptoms across the adult cohorts outlined within this review, with the strongest evidence to support the role of a low‐histamine diet for management of symptoms in chronic urticaria and a low‐salicylate diet in aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease and/or asthma. Further well‐designed trials are needed to elucidate the effect of specific natural food chemical components on symptoms.Trial RegistrationSystematic review number: CRD42022322511.
Malignant melanoma diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration in cases presenting with parotid mass
Authors: Turcan Didem , Yilmaz Evrim , Acu Berat , Acikalin Mustafa Fuat 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundOne of the most common malignancies that metastasize to the parotid glands and associated lymph nodes is cutaneous melanoma. Although fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) is well established for diagnosing primary salivary gland tumours, there is limited literature on its role in diagnosing metastatic lesions.Aims and ObjectivesThis study aims to investigate the cytomorphological features of malignant melanoma diagnosed by FNA in cases presenting with a parotid mass.Materials and MethodsWe present the clinical and cytomorphological findings of four cases. Conventional FNA biopsy smears and cell blocks were performed using standard techniques and for the differential diagnosis, a panel of immunohistochemical markers was used.ResultsThe patients included three females and one male, aged 54 to 77. FNA biopsies revealed atypical cells with large, hyperchromatic, pleomorphic nuclei, some of which exhibited prominent nucleoli. Plasmacytoid and oncocytic morphologies were also observed. Numerous mitotic figures were noted. Immunohistochemical staining showed HMB‐45, S100 positivity in all cases. SOX10, MART‐1 and MITF positivity were also observed. Three of the four patients had no history or suspected lesions of melanoma at the time of FNA diagnosis. The absence of melanin pigment complicated the diagnosis, but immunostains confirmed malignant melanoma.ConclusionDiagnosing malignant melanoma by FNA can be challenging, especially when the melanoma is in an unusual site, cytological findings are ambiguous, and there is no history of cutaneous melanoma. Accurate diagnosis requires a high level of suspicion and the use of appropriate immunohistochemistry.
Copper homeostasis and cuproptosis‐related genes: Therapeutic perspectives in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Tan Wangjing , Zhang Junli , Chen Li , Wang Yayuan , Chen Rui , Zhang Haiming , Liang Fengxia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a metabolic‐associated fatty liver disease, has become the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. Recently, the discovery of cuproptosis, a newly identified mode of cell death, further highlighted the importance of copper in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. An increasing number of studies have confirmed that liver copper metabolism is closely related to the pathogenesis of NAFLD. However, the relationship between NAFLD and copper metabolism, especially cuproptosis, remains unclear. In this review, we aim to summarize the current understanding of copper metabolism and its dysregulation, particularly the role of copper metabolism dysregulation in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. More importantly, this review emphasizes potential gene‐targeted therapeutic strategies, challenges and the future of cuproptosis‐related genes in the treatment of NAFLD. This review aims to provide innovative therapeutic strategies for NAFLD.