bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opportunistic Protozoan Infections of Carnivores
Authors: Mravcová K. , Ferko M. , Štrkolcová G. , Goldová M. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis are protozoan infections of the digestive tract and one of the most frequent causes of enteritis in dogs and cats, associated with acute and chronic diarrhoea. Generally, the risk of infection is higher for younger individuals in which the overall clinical picture and the course of disease are more serious. In this study we investigated the prevalence of giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis in dogs in Košice district of eastern Slovakia. From September 2015 until November 2016, we examined samples of faeces from 100 dogs from two shelters. Giardia duodenalis was diagnosed by the flotation method according to Faust, and by the molecular biologic method (Nested PCR). For the diagnosis of cryptosporidium oocysts, we used a staining method according to Kinyoun, and for detection of the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. a sandwich ELISA method. The total prevalence of these protozoan infections were 22 % (22/100), and of that, 19 % of the samples (19/100) were positive for Giardia duodenalis and 3 % (3/100) for the Cryptosporidium spp. In the shelter in Haniska, the giardia cysts were present in 9/54 samples (16.6 %) and cryptosporidia oocysts in 1/54 (1.85 %) samples of the faeces. In the Malá Farma shelter, 10/46 (21.73 %) samples were positive for G. duodenalis and 2/46 (4.34 %) showed positivity for Cryptosporidium spp.
Land consolidation in mountain areas. Case study from southern Poland
Authors: Janus Jarosław , Łopacka Magdalena , John Ewa 
Published: January 2018

AbstractLand consolidation procedures are an attempt to comprehensively change the existing spatial structure of land in rural areas. This treatment also brings many other social and economic benefi ts, contributing to the development of consolidated areas. Land consolidation in mountain areas differs in many respects from those implemented in areas with more favorable conditions for the functioning of agriculture. The unfavorable values of land fragmentation indices, terrain conditions and lower than the average soil quality affect both the dominant forms of agricultural activity and the limited opportunities to improve the distribution of plots in space, parameters of shape, and the area as a result of land consolidation. For this reason, the effectiveness of land consolidation in mountain areas can be achieved by improving the quality of transportation network and the accessibility of the plots, arranging ownership issues and improving the quality of cadastral documentation. This article presents the evaluation of the measures of effectiveness of land consolidation realized in mountain areas on the example of Łetownia Village in the Małopolska Province, located in the southern part of Poland. Selected village is an area with unfavorable conditions for the functioning of agriculture and high values of land fragmentation indices.
New approach to isometric transformations in oblique local coordinate systems of reference
Authors: Stępień Grzegorz , Zalas Ewa , Ziębka Tomasz 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe research article describes a method of isometric transformation and determining an exterior orientation of a measurement instrument. The method is based on a designation of a “virtual” translation of two relative oblique orthogonal systems to a common, known in the both systems, point. The relative angle orientation of the systems does not change as each of the systems is moved along its axis. The next step is the designation of the three rotation angles (e.g. Tait-Bryan or Euler angles), transformation of the system convoluted at the calculated angles and moving the system to the initial position where the primary coordinate system was. This way eliminates movements of the systems from the calculations and makes it possible to calculate angles of mutual rotation angles of two orthogonal systems primarily involved in the movement. The research article covers laboratory calculations for simulated data. The accuracy of the results is 10-6 m (10-3 regarding the accuracy of the input data). This confi rmed the correctness of the assumed calculation method. In the following step the method was verifi ed under fi eld conditions, where the accuracy of the method raised to 0.003 m. The proposed method enabled to make the measurements with the oblique and uncentered instrument, e.g. total station instrument set over an unknown point. This is the reason why the method was named by the authors as Total Free Station - TFS. The method may be also used for isometric transformations for photogrammetric purposes.
CityGuideTour Toruń – tourist application using augmented reality
Authors: Węgrzyn Magdalena , Mościcka Albina 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe aim of the article is to show the possibilities of augmented reality in the fi eld of geodesy and cartography. It discusses the concept of augmented reality, its origins and development, as well as areas of the existing applications. The practical functioning of augmented reality in the area of geodesy and cartography is presented on the example of an application developed for the tourist city of Toruń, created with the use of CityGuideTour software. The principles of developing an application and the way it operates are also discussed. As a result, a fully operational bilingual application is available free of charge on the Web.
Propagation of uncertainty by Monte Carlo simulations in case of basic geodetic computations
Authors: Wyszkowska Patrycja 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The determination of the accuracy of functions of measured or adjusted values may be a problem in geodetic computations. The general law of covariance propagation or in case of the uncorrelated observations the propagation of variance (or the Gaussian formula) are commonly used for that purpose. That approach is theoretically justified for the linear functions. In case of the non-linear functions, the first-order Taylor series expansion is usually used but that solution is affected by the expansion error. The aim of the study is to determine the applicability of the general variance propagation law in case of the non-linear functions used in basic geodetic computations. The paper presents errors which are a result of negligence of the higher-order expressions and it determines the range of such simplification. The basis of that analysis is the comparison of the results obtained by the law of propagation of variance and the probabilistic approach, namely Monte Carlo simulations. Both methods are used to determine the accuracy of the following geodetic computations: the Cartesian coordinates of unknown point in the three-point resection problem, azimuths and distances of the Cartesian coordinates, height differences in the trigonometric and the geometric levelling. These simulations and the analysis of the results confirm the possibility of applying the general law of variance propagation in basic geodetic computations even if the functions are non-linear. The only condition is the accuracy of observations, which cannot be too low. Generally, this is not a problem with using present geodetic instruments.
On generalized α-ψ-Geraghty contractions on b-metric spaces
Authors: Afshari Hojjat , Aydi Hassen , Karapınar Erdal 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we consider generalized

α
-
ψ

{\alpha-\psi}

-Geraghty contractive type mappings and investigate the existence and uniqueness of a fixed point for mappings involving such contractions.
In particular, we extend, improve and generalize some earlier results in the literature on this topic.
An application concerning the existence of an integral equation is also considered to illustrate the novelty of the main result.
Association of cord blood ghrelin, leptin and insulin concentrations in term newborns with anthropometric parameters at birth
Authors: Warchoł Magdalena , Wojciechowska Małgorzata , Kupsz Justyna , Sot-Szewczyk Magdalena Helena , Michalak Michał , Kołodziejski Paweł , Pruszyńska-Oszmałek Ewa , Krauss Hanna 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background:
Ghrelin, leptin and insulin, generally considered as regulators of energy homeostasis of the organism may be related to fetal and early postnatal growth. Numerous studies have confirmed the presence of these hormones in the cells of the fetus indicating their importance in development at early stages of life.

Methods:
This study analyzed active and total ghrelin by radioimmunoassay (RIA), leptin and insulin concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 65 cord blood samples, from term newborns, and measured the birth anthropometric parameters [birth weight (BW), head circumference, chest, stomach, thigh and arm circumference].

Results:
Active ghrelin (AG) concentrations correlated negatively with BW, head circumference, stomach and thigh circumference. When divided by gender, AG correlated negatively with males’ BW, stomach and thigh circumference. Females’ head circumference correlated negatively with AG. Cord leptin correlated positively with arm circumference. When divided by gender, cord leptin was positively associated with BW and stomach circumference in male newborns and with thigh and arm circumference in female newborns. Insulin concentrations tended to correlate positively with BW in male newborns.

Conclusions:
In summary, it was confirmed that cord blood ghrelin, leptin and insulin correlate with anthropometric parameters at birth. This study showed a negative correlation of AG with anthropometric parameters, which may emphasize that this hormone is an indicator of growth restriction. This is in contrast to cord leptin and insulin, which are more connected with overgrowth. Taking all the results into consideration, the metabolic status of the fetus and newborn is an essential component in understanding the regulation of perinatal development.
Building Virtual Reality Applications for Engineering with Knowledge-Based Approach
Authors: Górski Filip 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The paper presents a novel methodology of building industrial Virtual Reality applications with use of a knowledge-based approach. Virtual Reality is becoming more and more wide-spread in engineering applications. However, most solutions are immediate and not flexible, especially in maintenance. Traditional way of programming VR applications makes all the knowledge about a product or a process hard-coded, effectively losing access to it from the outside of the programming software. Besides, making new solutions without any methodology whatsoever makes the process longer and less effective. The author proposes to use general rules of available Knowledge Engineering methodologies in order to make the process of building VR applications more effective and to ensure their flexibility and access to stored knowledge, even after an application is deployed. The presented methodology is supported with practical case studies.
Justification of RFID Implementation. A Case Study of White Goods Manufacturer
Authors: Gladysz Bartlomiej , Nalepa Katarzyna , Santarek Krzysztof 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a rapidly emerging technology with a wide range of impact and still not fully exploited potential applications. The impact of RFID is not limited to the area of its direct application. There are many possible benefits to be gained from RFID application, but it must be preceded with careful analysis as its implementation is not always reasonable. A new method for an assessment of RFID technology was presented and explained on the case of a white goods manufacturer. There was a lack of such a method allowing for relatively quick and flexible assessment, which is important for decision makers, who do not want to become involved in very sophisticated and time-consuming analysis at the early stage of decision making. The method supports early phases of decision making related to RFID implementation. Conclusions derived from the analysis of the case study confirmed that the method applied allows for rationalizing decision making and answers whether RFID could generate strategic advantage, in which area RFID should be applied, how RFID-supported processes will be executed and what benefits would be expected. previous papers focused only on answering specific questions from the above list, without showing a holistic approach. the approach to answer questions about execution of processes and benefits was not considered earlier at all. The paper illustrates details of using a new method of an assessment of RFID technology (ART) using a real industrial example.
Plant stress activated by chlorine from disinfectants prepared on the base of sodium hypochlorite
Authors: Fargašová Agáta 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
In this study, the phytotoxicity of disinfectants prepared on the base of sodium hypochlorite was determined. For our tests two commercial products, Savo and Dom Amor, as well as 10% NaClO solution were used. While Savo contained only NaClO, Dom Amor contained NaClO and earthworm enzymes. Products on the base of NaClO are used in households for cleaning and disinfection of floors, furniture, sanitary and kitchen equipment. Savo may be used for the disinfection of drinking waters as well. Products with NaClO are also used for bacteria, algae and pathogens reduction in irrigation waters. As a subject, young seedlings of mustard Sinapis alba L. were used for the study of chronic toxicity. The observed parameters of the inhibition of roots and shoots growth, dry (DM) and fresh (FM) mass as well as photosynthetic pigments production (chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids) and water content in the plants were determined. The results point out that Dom Amor was the most toxic for S. alba seedlings growth and the rank order of the FAC contents for both plant parts was arranged as: Dom Amor > Savo > NaClO. All disinfectants reduced the DM and FM of roots; however, they stimulated biomass production in the shoots. On the basis of the obtained results it could be concluded, that disinfectants stimulated photosynthetic pigments production and reduced water content mainly in the roots. Dom Amor did not significantly reduced the water content in the shoots and for this parameter the following rank orders of inhibition for roots and shoots could be arranged as NaClO > Dom Amor > Savo and NaClO > Savo > Dom Amor, respectively. All commercial products increased chlorophyll a (Chla) and the carotenoids (Car) content in the shoots. As significant increase was confirmed first for Chla whose content in the presence of NaClO at concentration 24 mL/L overextended that in the control by 3.5 times. The rank orders of stimulation for Chla and Car were NaClO > Savo > Dom Amor and Dom Amor > NaClO > Savo, respectively.
Variable dynamics of cadmium uptake and allocation in four soybean cultivars
Authors: Bardáčová Monika , Konotop Yevheniia , Gregorová Zuzana , Horník Miroslav , Moravčíková Jana , Kraic Ján , Matušíková Ildikó 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Cadmium is a serious environmental pollutant and its uptake by plant represents a serious health risk. Uptake, accumulation as well as sensitivity of soybean plants to metals have been shown to vary with genotype, while the dynamics of this uptake has rarely been studied. Here we studied the uptake and accumulation of Cd2+ ions in different parts of soybean plants of four cultivars Moravians, Gallec, Kent and Cardiff. The plants at early developmental stage were immersed in Hoagland nutrient solution in the presence or absence of 50 mg.L−1 and the isotope of 109Cd2+ to monitor its accumulation continuously at 24 h intervals for 10 days. Our results showed that the uptake rate varied among the cultivars, being the highest in roots of the cv. Moravians and the lowest in the cv. Gallec. We also observed a non-even distribution of radioactivity within the entire plants of individual cultivars. The most of Cd2+ isotope was translocated into primary leaves and leaves in the cvs. Kent and Moravians; on the contrary, relatively less in the cvs. Cardiff and Gallec. The results were fitted with genetic potential, growth as well as defense parameters such as proline accumulation. Combining uptake dynamics and biochemical data are indicative for different tolerance strategies of soybeans.
The optimization of propagation medium for the increase of laccase production by the white-rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus
Authors: Hazuchová Miroslava , Chmelová Daniela , Ondrejovič Miroslav 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The lignocellulolytic enzymes are routinely produced by submerged fermentation using lignocellulosic material, but for more effective production, it would be suitable to precede the production phase on the lignocellulose by propagation phase in the nutrition medium suitable for growth of the fungi. Therefore, the aim of this study was to increase the laccase production by the white-rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus by two-step cultivation strategy. In the first step, propagation medium was optimized for the maximal biomass growth, the second step included the laccase production by produced fungal biomass in media with the selected lignocellulosic material (pine sawdust, alfalfa steam and corn straw). From our experiments, parameters such as glucose concentration, yeast extract concentration and pH of propagation medium were selected as key factors affecting growth of P. ostreatus. The optimal conditions of propagation medium for maximal fungal growth determined by response surface methodology were: glucose concentration 102.68 g/L, yeast extract concentration 43.65 g/L and pH of propagation medium 7.24. These values were experimentally verified and used statistical model of biomass production prediction was appropriate adjusted. Thus prepared fungal biomass produced in the media with lignocellulose approximately 9-16 times higher concentrations of the laccase in 3 times shorter time than the fungal biomass without propagation phase in optimized propagation medium.
Microextraction based on solidified floating organic drop coupled with ETAAS for the determination of lead in herbs
Authors: Thongsaw Arnon , Sananmuang Ratana , Ross Gareth M. , Chaiyasith Wipharat Chuachuad 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
A rapid, inexpensive and practical solidified of floating organic droplet microextraction (SFODME) prior to electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) was proposed for lead (Pb) determination in herb samples. For SFODME procedure, 1-(2-pysidylazo)-2-naphthol was used as a complexing agent. Analytical parameters influencing the extraction efficiency, i.e. types and volume of extracting solvent, concentration of 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol, pH, extraction temperature and time were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, LOD and LOQ were 0.064 and 0.214 μg L−1, respectively, and an enrichment factor was achieved at 18.71 with the relative standard deviation ranging from 1.3 to 2.5% (n=6). The proposed method was effectively applied to the determination of lead in Spinach leaves (SRM-1570a) and Thai herb samples with acceptable results.
The crystal structure of (E)-4-chloro-2-(((5-methylpyridin-2-yl)imino)methyl)phenol, C13H11ClN2O
Authors: Pu Xiaohua 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
C13H11ClN2O, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 13.997(5) Å, b = 4.6734(15) Å, c = 18.019(7) Å, β = 102.714(5)°, V = 1149.7(7) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0481, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1141, T = 153(2) K.
The crystal structure of N-((3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)(phenyl)methyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide, C28H35N3S
Authors: Guan Xiao-Yu , Liu Sheng-Shu , Zhang Liang-Dong , Guo Xin , Ma Xuebing , Liu Zhang-Qin 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
C28H35NO3S, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 10.3965(4) Å, b = 10.7525(5) Å, c = 12.2772(6) Å, α = 86.651(4)°, β = 86.653(4)°, γ = 75.323(4)°, V = 1324.05(11) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0472, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1298, T = 291 K.
Anabaptism in Italy
Authors: Disseau Maël Leo David Soliman 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWhile relatively unknown to Anglophone circles, there was a thriving Anabaptist community in Italy during the reformation. It is the scope of this article to help retrace the origins of the Anabaptist movement in Italy (a movement which lasted at best for sixty years, from the 1520s-1530s to the 1570s, and did not leave us with the theological writings such as those produced by Hubmaier, Marpeck, or Simons) and to set straight some misconceptions unintentionally (or intentionally) perpetuated by some who have attempted this journey in the past. This is done in the hopes of raising appreciation for the movement and of enticing future research interest in this forgotten branch of the Radical Reformation.
The Ecclesiological Contributions of Thomas Helwys’s Reformation in a Baptist Context
Authors: Jones Marvin 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The English Separatist movement provided the background for which John Smyth and Thomas Helwys emerged to reconstitute a biblical ecclesiology. Through the study of the New Testament, they came to the position that infant baptism and covenantal theology could not be the foundation for the New Testament church. Both men embraced believer’s baptism as the basic foundation in which a recovered church should be built. Unfortunately, Smyth defected to the Mennonites, leaving Thomas Helwys to continue the fledging work known as Baptists. This article will examine the life of Thomas Helwys and his contribution to Baptist ecclesiology; it will also review selected literary works that contributed to the recovery of a New Testament church and the founding of Baptist ecclesiology.
Green synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activities of silver nanoparticles from strawberry fruit extract
Authors: Umoren Saviour A. , Nzila Alexis M. , Sankaran Saravanan , Solomon Moses M. , Umoren Peace S. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been synthesized in the presence of Strawberry fruit extract (SBFE) at room temperature. The synthesized AgNPs was characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, SEM, EDS, XRD, TEM and FTIR. The UV-vis spectra of the AgNPs show SPR band at 450 nm. TEM results indicate that AgNPs are spherical in shape and size range between 7–65 nm. Antibacterial activity of the synthesized AgNPs has been assessed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus licheniformis. The results show that AgNPs exhibit inhibitory effect and effect is a function of AgNPs concentration. The antibacterial activity of the prepared AgNPs has been compared with two antibiotics, amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin. It is found that the antibiotics perform better than AgNPs.
Provincializing Constitutions: History, Narrative, and the Disappearance of Canada’s Provincial Constitutions
Authors: Price Peter 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Constitutional scholarship in Canada since Confederation has been characterized by two primary narratives. The dualist narrative, which characterized constitutional scholarship between the late-nineteenth and mid-twentieth centuries, focussed on the parallel developments of provincial and federal constitutions. The monist narrative, which has become the dominant model of interpretation since the mid-twentieth century, focusses on the federal constitution as a singular foundation of constitutionalism in Canada. As a result of the shift from dualism to monism, provincial constitutions have become largely ignored in Canada and subsumed by the “mega-constitutional” politics of the federal constitution. This paper examines provincial constitutions to highlight the significant reorientation of constitutional scholarship in Canada over the past 150 years, which has become primarily focussed on post-Confederation constitutional history and written constitutionalism.