bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fracture and Nonaccidental Injury
Authors: Levin Helen , Sangha Gurinder , Carey Timothy P. , Lim Rodrick 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Pediatric nonaccidental injury (NAI) is an important entity that is commonly seen in a variety of medical settings. These children often present to the emergency department or primary care physicians as the first point of contact after an NAI. There is a major risk associated with nonrecognition of an NAI, including a 35% chance of subsequent injury and a 5% to 10% risk of mortality.
1,2
Therefore, it is essential for physicians to be vigilant when assessing injuries compatible with NAI, especially in infants and young children who are not able to independently express themselves. As fracture is the second most common manifestation of NAI, practitioners should be vigilant to recognize unusual fractures in atypical age ranges to aid in its diagnosis. Here, we present a novel case of a lateral condylar fracture in an almost 13-month-old-child that has not been previously associated with NAI.
Traumatic Femoral Artery Thrombosis Diagnosed by Point-of-Care Ultrasonography in the Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Jones Sarah D. , Fischer Jason , Kwan Charisse , Tessaro Mark 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Femoral artery injuries are a rare complication of blunt trauma in children that require expeditious diagnosis and treatment to prevent permanent limb dysfunction. Point-of-care ultrasonography of femoral vessels is a well-established emergency physician technique for ruling out deep vein thrombosis and guiding femoral vessel catheterization. We present the first report of a pediatric emergency physician diagnosing a traumatic femoral artery thrombus using point-of-care ultrasonography.
Influenza-Like Illness Diagnosis and Management in the Acute Care Setting
Authors: Humiston Sharon G. , Pham Thuylinh N. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
During influenza season, acute respiratory illness due to influenza is difficult to distinguish from other influenza-like illnesses, but testing should be reserved for situations when timely results will influence management or infection control measures. Immunization status and timing of disease onset notwithstanding, a neuraminidase inhibitor should be offered immediately for certain high-risk children; neuraminidase inhibitor treatment should be considered if shorter illness is warranted or an at-risk sibling may be protected. Antipyretics and cough control may be useful. Immunization with an age-appropriate dose of an inactivated influenza vaccine is the cornerstone of prevention for health care personnel and our patients.
Enhancing Themes and Strengths Assessment: Leveraging Academic-Led Qualitative Inquiry in Community Health Assessment to Uncover Roots of Community Health Inequities
Authors: Hebert-Beirne Jennifer , Felner Jennifer K. , Castañeda Yvette , Cohen Sheri 
Published: November 2016

Context:
Rigorous qualitative research can enhance local health departments' efforts to gain a deeper insight into residents' perceived community health inequities necessary for productive community health assessments (CHAs) and community health improvement plans (CHIPs).

Objective:
The Chicago Department of Public Health and the Partnership for Healthy Chicago used the National Association of County & City Health Officials' Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnerships (MAPP) model to conduct its CHA/CHIP, Healthy Chicago 2.0 (HC 2.0). Public health graduate students conducted qualitative research for part of the Community Themes and Strengths Assessment (CTSA), one of the 4 MAPP assessments.

Design:
Using a health equity lens, this qualitative component included focus groups and oral histories with residents in Chicago Community Areas with the highest social and economic hardship to better understand how residents perceive health inequities in their respective neighborhoods.

Settings:
Community-based organizations in 6 Chicago neighborhoods with the highest quartile of social and economic hardship.

Participants:
Forty-eight Chicago residents from 5 community areas participated in focus groups, and 6 residents of a Mexican ethnic enclave shared oral histories.

Main Outcome Measure:
Residents' perceptions of community needs and assets.

Results:
Needs identified include inaccessible resources and opportunities, economic instability, and safety. Assets include the efficacy and agency of resilient residents, as well as faith and spirituality. Systemic and institutional discrimination was identified at the roots of community health inequities.

Conclusion:
Through qualitative inquiry, the more nuanced understanding of how residents perceive health inequities better positioned HC 2.0 to develop upstream strategies in line with advanced health equity practice. Engaging qualitative academic researchers in CTSA brings academic expertise to enrich the CHA while providing real-time learning experiences to prepare future public health practitioners to work on upstream structural determinants of health.
Characterization of HCV NS3 Protease Variants in HCV/HIV-Coinfected Patients by Ultra-Deep Sequence Analysis: Relationship with Hepatic Fibrosis
Authors: Abdel-hameed Enass A. , Rouster Susan D. , Zhang Xiang , Chen Jing , Medvedovic Mario , Goodman Zachary D. , Sherman Kenneth E. 
Published: November 2016

Background:
Treatment of HCV/HIV coinfection is now largely based on utilization of direct acting agents. Pretreatment viral resistant-associated variants (RAVs) and host liver condition may affect the sustained virological response. In this study, we explored relative prevalence of protease resistance-associated mutations, the evolution of those RAVs after 12 weeks of pegylated interferon alfa exposure, and the role hepatic fibrosis might have on RAV display.

Methods:
Thirty nonresponder HCV/HIV-coinfected subjects were evaluated before and after 12 weeks of PegIFN treatment. Ultra-deep sequence analysis of NS3 RAVs was performed. Hepatic fibrosis was determined by sensitive computer-assisted histomorphometry determination.

Results:
At baseline, protease inhibitor RAVs were present in 73.3% of patients and expanded to 83.3% of patients after 12 weeks of PegIFN exposure. Q80K showed the highest prevalence before and after treatment at 46.7% and 56.7%, respectively. The presence of Q80K is positively correlated with percent collagen content of the liver tissue.

Conclusions:
Key RAVs for HCV protease inhibitors are present in a major portion of the HCV/HIV-coinfected population before therapy. Some variants get selected after exposure. Correlation of Q80K with collagen content of the liver suggests that compartmentalization within the liver may contribute to persistence of mutations less fit than wildtype.
Soft sweeps are the dominant mode of adaptation in the human genome
Authors: Schrider Daniel R. , Kern Andrew D. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThe degree to which adaptation in recent human evolution shapes genetic variation remains controversial. This is in part due to the limited evidence in humans for classic “hard selective sweeps,” wherein a novel beneficial mutation rapidly sweeps through a population to fixation. However, positive selection may often proceed via “soft sweeps” acting on mutations already present within a population. Here we examine recent positive selection across six human populations using a powerful machine learning approach that is sensitive to both hard and soft sweeps. We found evidence that soft sweeps are widespread and account for the vast majority of recent human adaptation. Surprisingly, our results also suggest that linked positive selection affects patterns of variation across much of the genome, and may increase the frequencies of deleterious mutations. Our results also reveal insights into the role of sexual selection, cancer risk, and central nervous system development in recent human evolution.
Hydrogen Bond Networks and Hydrophobic Effects in the Amyloidβ30–35Chain in Water: A Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Jong KwangHyok , Grisanti Luca , Hassanali Ali 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe study the conformational landscape of the C-terminal fragment of the Amyloid protein Aβ30–35in water using well-tempered metadynamics simulations and find that it resembles an intrinsically disordered protein. The conformational fluctuations of the protein are facilitated by a collective reorganization of both protein and water hydrogen bond networks, combined with electrostatic interactions between termini as well as hydrophobic interactions of the side chains. The stabilization of hydrophobic interactions in one of the conformers involves a collective collapse of the sidechains along with a squeeze out of water sandwiched in between. The charged N and C termini play a critical role in stabilizing different types of protein conformations including those involving contact ion salt-bridges as well as solvent mediated interactions of the termini and amide backbone. We examine this by probing the distribution of directed water wires forming the hydrogen bond network enveloping the polypeptide. Water wires and their fluctuations form an integral part of structural signature of the protein conformation.
Linking the development and functioning of a carnivorous pitcher plant’s microbial digestive community
Authors: Armitage David W. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTEcosystem development theory predicts that successional turnover in community composition can influence ecosystem functioning. However, tests of this theory in natural systems are made difficult by a lack of replicable and tractable model systems. Using the microbial digestive associates of a carnivorous pitcher plant, I tested hypotheses linking host age-driven microbial community development to host functioning. Monitoring the yearlong development of independent microbial digestive communities in two pitcher plant populations revealed a number of trends in community succession matching theoretical predictions. These included mid-successional peaks in bacterial diversity and metabolic substrate use, predictable and parallel successional trajectories among microbial communities, and convergence giving way to divergence in community composition and carbon substrate use. Bacterial composition, biomass, and diversity positively influenced the rate of prey decomposition, which was in turn positively associated with a host leaf’s nitrogen uptake efficiency. Overall digestive performance was greatest during late summer. These results highlight links between community succession and ecosystem functioning and extend succession theory to host-associated microbial communities.Statement of authorshipDWA conceived this work, performed data collection and analysis, and wrote the manuscript
The accuracy and bias of single-step genomic prediction for populations under selection
Authors: Hsu Wan-Ling , Garrick Dorian J. , Fernando Rohan L. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTIn single-step analyses, missing genotypes are explicitly or implicitly imputed, and this requires centering the observed genotypes, ideally using the mean of the unselected founders. If genotypes are only available on selected individuals, centering on the unselected founder mean is impossible. Here, computer simulation is used to study an alternative analysis that does not require centering genotypes but fits the meanµgof unselected individuals as a fixed effect. To improve numerical properties of the analysis, centering the entire matrix of observed and imputed genotypes, using their sample means can be done in addition to fittingµg. Starting with observed diplotypes from 721 cattle, a 5 generation population was simulated with sire selection to produce 40,000 individuals with phenotypes of which the 1,000 sires had genotypes. The next generation of 8,000 genotyped individuals was used for validation. Evaluations were undertaken: with (J) or without (N)µgwhen marker covariates were not centered; and with (JC) or without (C)µgwhen all marker covariates were centered. A pedigree based evaluation was less accurate than genomic analyses. Centering did not influence accuracy of genomic prediction, but fittingµgdid. Accuracies were improved when the panel comprised only QTL, models JC and J had accuracies of 99.2%; and models C and N had accuracies of 85.6%. When only markers were in the panel, the 4 models had accuracies of 63.9%. In panels that included causal variants, fittingµgin the model improved accuracy, but had little impact when the panel contained only markers.
Asperger syndrome, internet and fantasy versus reality – a forensic case study
Authors: Higham Lorraine , Piracha Imran , Crocombe Juli 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
People with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are known to have difficulties in their social communication and interaction. The internet is a twenty-first century phenomenon that provides such individuals with a world in which they can exist without the awkwardness of face-to-face contact. The purpose of this paper is to start to illustrate the high risks that can occur when the internet is used as the main forum for interaction in individuals who are socially impaired.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper provides a brief summary of literature in relation to ASD and risk of offending behaviour followed by a case study of a young man with a diagnosis of Asperger syndrome who was convicted of conspiracy to murder.

Findings
This paper concludes that possible deficits in central coherence, theory of mind and social skills, combined with extensive periods of time spent alone on the internet forums and a late diagnosis of ASD, may place individuals at risk of committing a serious offence.

Originality/value
This paper highlights the difficulties that people with Autism may have in separating fantasy from reality and the high level of risk that can occur as a result.
Improving healthcare for people with intellectual disabilities: the development of an evidence-based teaching programme
Authors: Watkins Lance Vincent , Colgate Robert 
Published: November 2016

PurposeTo develop and implement an educational programme to improve medical students’ attitudes towards intellectual disabilities. The purpose of this paper is to improve the healthcare outcomes for individuals with intellectual disability.Design/methodology/approachThe development of an educational programme involving actors with an intellectual disability as simulated patients. Scenarios were developed involving basic healthcare interactions. The programme was piloted in three sessions with 45 students. A qualitative analysis of student feedback was then used to develop a student attitude questionnaire for completion pre- and post-educational intervention.FindingsThe student attitude questionnaire was completed by 23 different medical students. Two domains were analysed: affect and understanding domain scores, mean difference (95% CI) 3.17(2.41-3.94)p<0.001, knowledge and skills domain scores, mean difference (95% CI) 4.22(3.3-5.14)p<0.001.Social implicationsStudent feedback reveals significant positive changes in affect and understanding, and an improvement in knowledge and skill levels when interacting with people with an intellectual disability following the educational intervention. Some major institutions now offer comprehensive programmes involving people with intellectual disabilities as tutors, and in the role of simulated patients. However, more needs to be done to encourage the increased participation and good practice for all of tomorrow’s doctors to benefit.Originality/valueFollowing the publication of recent enquiries into the deaths of people with intellectual disabilities. We know that many of these deaths are premature and potentially preventable. The main failing identified repeatedly is that healthcare staff lack of awareness of the needs of people with intellectual disabilities. This emanates from poor quality and limited curricula time dedicated to intellectual disabilities. There is a need to drastically change the approach to teaching about intellectual disabilities to medical students. All the evidence promotes the involvement of people with intellectual disabilities and their careers in designing and delivering this teaching.
Simulation training to support healthcare professionals to meet the health needs of people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Billon Grégoire , Attoe Chris , Marshall-Tate Karina , Riches Samantha , Wheildon James , Cross Sean 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the role of education and training in addressing health inequalities in intellectual disabilities, before examining innovative approaches to healthcare education. Preliminary findings of a simulation training course to support healthcare professionals to work with people with intellectual disability are then presented.

Design/methodology/approach
This study employed a mixed methods design to assess the impact of the simulation course. Quantitative data were collected using the Healthcare Skills Questionnaire and a self-report confidence measure; qualitative data were collected using post-course survey with free text responses to open questions.

Findings
Healthcare skills and confidence showed statistical improvements from pre- to post-course. Qualitative analyses demonstrated that participants perceived improvements to: attitudes, communication skills, reasonable adjustments, interprofessional and multi-disciplinary working, knowledge of key issues in working with people with intellectual disabilities.

Practical implications
Encouraging findings imply that simulation training to address health inequalities in intellectual disabilities is a valuable resource that merits further development. This training should be rolled out more widely, along with ongoing longitudinal evaluation via robust methods to gauge the impact on participants, their workplaces, and people with intellectual disabilities.

Originality/value
The authors believe this paper to be the first to assess an interprofessional, high-fidelity simulation course, using actors as simulated patients to address the mental and physical health needs of people with intellectual disabilities. The rigorous use of co-production and co-delivery, alongside promising findings for this training method, represent a useful contribution to the literature.
The future of petroleum business at RIL – to stay or to exit
Authors: Heggde Githa , Shyam Deepak 
Published: November 2016

Subject area
Subject areas are strategic management and marketing management.

Study level/applicability
This case can be used in strategic management and marketing management courses for MBA students.

Case overview
This case discusses the future of petroleum business at Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) – whether to stay or exit. This scenario took place between 2001 and 2008. The volatility in the external environment was beyond their control. Or was it so? This case encapsulates the characteristics of innovative strategy formulation, leading to successful differentiation in a regulated and commoditized industry. This case portrays two significant aspects of business strategy by RIL. First is to comprehend the pioneering strategies formulation and implementation by RIL in the petroleum retailing business. Second is the severe impact of external forces on the company’s current and future prospects and what contingency plans could have been made.

Expected learning outcomes
This study enables to understand how innovative and differentiation strategies can be successfully applied in a commoditized business; to comprehend the effective application of forward integration and brand extension in a complex, scale-driven industry; and to understand the implication of external threats severely disrupting a growing business.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code
CSS 11: Strategy
Chronic conditions and barriers to care: exploring the health of migrant and seasonal farmworkers in Indiana
Authors: Sandoval-Rosario Michelle , Hunter Theresa Marie , Durnham Adrienne , Holt Antoniette , Pontones Pam , Perry Geraldine 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
Migrant and seasonal farmworkers (MSFWs) have many health challenges due to the nature of their work, low wages, living conditions, mobility, and lack of health insurance. The purpose of this paper is to assess the availability of health services, barriers to accessing health care, and the prevalence of chronic conditions among MSFWs in Indiana.

Design/methodology/approach
A site-based convenience sample of MSFWs aged 14 years and older completed a cross-sectional survey. A total of 97 participants who currently or previously identified as farmworkers completed the questionnaire.

Findings
Almost one-third of the respondents reported no access to a health care provider. Of those, 43 percent reported that cost prevented them from seeking care. Of those who reported chronic conditions (
n=22), over 50 percent did not have access to a health care provider. These findings highlight the need to further investigate the magnitude of the problem and begin exploring ways to improve affordable health care access among MSFWs in Northeastern Indiana.

Originality/value
The results from this study highlight the need for the development and implementation of community health education programs that target MSFWs in Indiana. The findings, although not generalized, offer important insights into health care challenges and barriers to access in Indiana. The authors recommend that assistance programs should be implemented for providing affordable health care services for Hispanic MSFWs.
Development of in-pipe robots for inspection and cleaning tasks
Authors: Deepak B.B.V.L. , Bahubalendruni M.V.A. Raju , Biswal B.B. 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe the reviews of past research work on various in-pipe robotic systems and their operations. This investigation has been focussed on the implemented methodologies for performing in-pipe cleaning and inspection tasks.

Design/methodology/approach
This work has been concentrated on review of various sensors used in robots to perform in-pipes inspection operation for determining flaws/cracks, corrosion-affected areas, blocks and coated paint thickness. Various actuators like DC motors, servo motors, pneumatic operated and hydraulic operated are discussed in this review analysis to control the motion of various mechanical components of the robot.

Findings
In the current analysis, categorisation of various pipe cleaning robots according to their mechanical structure has been addressed. A lot of information has been gathered regarding the control of in-pipe robots for performing inspection and cleaning tasks.

Originality/value
In this paper, various in-pipe cleaning and inspection techniques have been studied. Necessary information provided regarding different types of in-pipe robots like PIG, wall-pressed, walking, wheel and inchworm. This investigation provides a through literature on various types of sensors like ultrasonic, magnetic, touch, light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation, X-ray, etc., that have been used for inspection and detection of flaws in the pipe.