bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantenphysik und Wirklichkeit
Authors: Winter Norbert 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungHomöopathie und Wissenschaft scheinen für viele unvereinbar zu sein, zu widersprüchlich erscheinen die Postulate der Homöopathie und die Prämissen der Wissenschaft. Aber vielleicht liegt das Problem gar nicht in den Grundannahmen der Homöopathie – sondern in falsch rezipierten Grundannahmen der Wissenschaft. Deshalb soll an dieser Stelle der vielleicht herausforderndste Teil in unserem heutigen Wissenschaftsverständnis, die Quantenphysik, in ihren wesentlichen Aspekten beleuchtet werden.Daran schließt sich unmittelbar die Frage an, inwieweit diese Phänomene relevant für unsere Alltagswirklichkeit sind – und inwieweit die Einsicht in quantenphysikalische Phänomene Auswirkungen auf das Weltbild der beteiligten Physiker hat.
Eingeschränktes Axilla-Staging bei klinisch und sonografisch nodal-negativen Patientinnen mit frühem invasiven Mammakarzinom (c/iT1–2) im Rahmen der brusterhaltenden Therapie: erste Erkenntnisse nach Start der Intergroup-Sentinel-Mamma-(INSEMA-)Studie
Authors: Reimer Toralf , Stachs A. , Nekljudova V. , Loibl S. , Hartmann S. , Wolter K. , Hildebrandt G. , Gerber B. 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungDer axilläre Nodalstatus wird beim frühen Mammakarzinom immer noch als wichtiger Prognosefaktor und Indikator für eine (neo-)adjuvante System- und postoperative Strahlentherapie der Lymphabflusswege (LAW) gesehen. Die im September 2015 gestartete INSEMA-Studie untersucht, ob beim frühen Mammakarzinom (c/iT1 – 2 c/iN0) auf die operative Bestimmung des Nodalstatus im Rahmen der brusterhaltenden Therapie (BET) verzichtet werden kann, ohne dass die onkologische Sicherheit beeinträchtigt wird. Nach Einschluss von 1001 Patientinnen war die Akzeptanz des komplexen Studiendesigns bei Patientinnen und Prüfärzten gegeben, sodass die Rekrutierung für die erste Randomisierung (axilläre Sentinel-Lymphknoten-Biopsie [SLNB]: ja oder nein) im Rahmen der Fallzahlprognose liegt. Die 2. Randomisierung (SLNB allein versus Komplettierung der Axilladissektion bei 1 oder 2 Makrometastasen in der SLNB) rekrutiert dagegen aus 3 Gründen weniger als erwartet: a) Der Nachweis von 1 bis 2 Makrometastasen nach der SLNB im INSEMA-Kollektiv ist mit 13 % geringer als erwartet; b) etwa 20 % der Patientinnen lehnten die 2. Randomisierung ab; c) der Einstieg der österreichischen Prüfzentren, die ausschließlich für die 2. Randomisierung rekrutieren, erfolgt zeitlich verzögert. Die Unkenntnis des Nodalstatus bei Verzicht auf die SLNB bringt eine neue Herausforderung für die postoperative Tumorkonferenz. Insbesondere die Indikation zur Chemotherapie bei Luminal-like-Tumoren und zur Bestrahlung der LAW (ohne Axilla) muss nun an den tumorbiologischen Parametern ausgerichtet werden. Einige wichtige Fragen können durch die INSEMA-Studie nicht beantwortet werden. Unklar bleibt beispielsweise, ob Patientinnen ohne SLNB eine alleinige Teilbrustbestrahlung in Low-Risk-Situationen angeboten werden kann bzw. ob auch bei Patientinnen mit einer Mastektomieindikation auf die SLNB im Stadium T1 – 2 verzichtet werden kann.
Music in Obstetrics: An Intervention Option to Reduce Tension, Pain and Stress
Authors: Wulff Verena , Hepp Philip , Fehm Tanja , Schaal Nora 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn recent years, the effect of music interventions and music therapy has experienced increased attention in the literature. It has been shown that music has positive effects on cognitive and physical performance, such as concentration and endurance, as well as on psychological parameters, such as anxiety and relaxation. Studies within the context of medicine in particular are increasingly indicating that music may be used as an intervention for relief against anxiety, stress and pain. Music is therefore seen in actual practice as a supplement to conventional pharmacological and non-pharmacological forms of treatment – and the trend is rising. Studies involving music interventions in the field of obstetrics have shown, amongst other things, that music improves the ability to relax during pregnancy and can reduce anxiety. It was also discovered that during childbirth music interventions resulted in a reduction of pain and stress. Music also has the effect of reducing stress, pain and anxiety in expectant mothers during deliveries by caesarean section. This review intends to provide an overview of the literature on music interventions in the field of obstetrics and to give a resume on the current state of research around the topic of music in relation to pregnancy, spontaneous deliveries and caesarean sections. Furthermore, the relevance of music for everyday obstetrics will be illustrated.
Role of Glutamatergic System in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder with Possible Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Vlček Přemysl , Polák Jakub , Brunovský Martin , Horáček Jiří 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic psychiatric illness and 1 of the most common anxiety disorders with the prevalence of 3%. Although its pathogenesis remains unclear, the traditional model focused on alternations in the serotonin system. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors provide the most effective treatment; however, as much as 40–60% of patients do not respond to antidepressants therapy. Thus, attention has shifted towards other neurotransmitter systems and related neuroanatomical structures. Recently, there is extensive evidence showing a key role of glutamate pathways abnormalities within the cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical circuitry and temporal lobes in OCD pathogenesis. In this review, we link together the existent neuroanatomical, neurophysiological, and neuropsychological evidence to argue for potential benefits of adjuvant treatment with glutamatergic agents, especially memantine. By a targeted de-excitation effect on the glutamatergic system in the temporal lobes and connected brain regions, memantine might further alleviate OCD symptoms. This effect should be even more pronounced in certain subtypes of patients with specific cognitive deficits and maladaptive compensatory memory processes (e.g., checkers).
Design and Evaluation of Chronomodulated Drug Delivery of Tramadol Hydrochloride
Authors: Alekya Thota , Narendar Dudhipala , Mahipal Donthi , Arjun Narala , Nagaraj Banala 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis is an auto immune disease which requires chronotherapy as it occurs during early morning. Tramadol hydrochloride (TH) is an analgesic drug, used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. The aim of the present investigation was to develop chronomodulated drug delivery system of tramadol hydrochloride such that it releases the drug early in the morning, during which the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis worsen. To develop chronomodulated drug delivery system of TH, initially core tablets of TH were prepared using three different supradisintegrants followed by coating with pH dependent polymer of Eudragit S100. The prepared core tablets are evaluated for physical parameters and an optimal system was identified. Further, coating composition of Eudragit S100 was optimized and coating tablets of TH was prepared. The prepared coated tablets were evaluated for weight variation, hardness, drug content and in vitro release studies in 0.1N HCl, pH 6.8 phosphate buffer and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer. Formulation with 7.5% of coating solution (ES2) had shown a significant drug release after a lag time of 3 h (in pH 6.8 medium), 6 h (in pH 6.8 medium) and 8 h (in pH 7.4 medium), respectively. DSC studies revealed that no interaction between core and coated materials with drug was observed. Thus, chronomodulated drug delivery system of TH was formulated and assuming that if a tablet is administered around 9 pm to 10 pm, the drug release starts after a lag time of 6 h i. e., around 3am to 4 am.
Percutaneous Treatment of Malignant Liver Lesions: Evaluation of Success Using Contrast- Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) and Perfusion Software
Authors: Wiesinger Isabel , Wiggermann Philipp , Zausig Nicola , Beyer Lukas , Salzberger Bernd , Stroszczynski Christian , Jung Ernst 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Aim Using new perfusion software for evaluation of the success of percutaneous treatments of malignant liver tumors with CEUS.
Materials and Methods Retrospective analysis of 88 patients (74 male, 14 female; 30 – 84 years) with 165 malignant liver lesions. The lesions were 57 metastases and 108 HCCs. The success of interventional treatment (IRE n = 47; RFA n = 38; MWA n = 44; TACE n = 36) was evaluated by CEUS and perfusion software (VueBox®). CEUS was performed after injection of 1 – 2.4 ml of sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles (SonoVue®) using a 1 – 5 MHz convex probe. DICOM loops up to 1 min. in the ablation area were stored digitally in the PACS. Regions of interest (ROI) were manually placed in the center, the margins of the lesions as well as in the surrounding tissue. Using VueBox® peak, time to peak (TTP), mean transit time (mTT), rise time (RT), the wash-in and wash-out rate were calculated for the regions, in order to evaluate the success of the percutaneous treatment after the ablation in comparison to the ceCT/ceMRI up to 6 months after the treatment.
Results There were significant differences in all cases between the center compared to the margins for the main perfusion parameters (peak, mTT, RT) (p < 0.001). Peak, wash-in and wash-out ratios were further analyzed with the type of lesion and the method of ablation. All parameters were significantly different between lesions treated successfully vs. lesions with recurrence.
Conclusion A combination of CEUS with perfusion imaging enables critical assessment of successful treatment after percutaneous interventional procedures for a malignant liver lesion.
Political distinction: searching for a structural similarity between class and politics in Flanders (Belgium)
Authors: De Keere Kobe 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
The aim of this paper is to investigate the logic behind lay people's ideological position taking and how this is determined by class position. I therefore examine to what extent there exists a similarity between the configuration of the political field and the structure of the space of social classes. The paper includes a brief description of the two most salient political alignments today, namely the old economic alignment and the new cultural alignment, and an explanation of how this two-dimensional political structure pertains to the rise of the new middle class. Directly related to this, I also present a discussion on the importance of the ethical habitus to understand the mechanism behind class determined political position taking. Subsequently, based on survey data and using multiple correspondence analysis, I empirically reproduce this political structure for Flanders (Belgium). Finally, relying on the visualized regression technique, I demonstrate that there exists a clear structural similarity between the political field and the space of social classes, which is a strong indication that the class-engendered ethical habitus is, in fact, the underlying factor that gives structure to the variations in political attitudes.
Assessing the costs and benefits of US renewable portfolio standards
Authors: Wiser Ryan , Mai Trieu , Millstein Dev , Barbose Galen , Bird Lori , Heeter Jenny , Keyser David , Krishnan Venkat , Macknick Jordan 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Renewable portfolio standards (RPS) exist in 29 US states and the District of Columbia. This article summarizes the first national-level, integrated assessment of the future costs and benefits of existing RPS policies; the same metrics are evaluated under a second scenario in which widespread expansion of these policies is assumed to occur. Depending on assumptions about renewable energy technology advancement and natural gas prices, existing RPS policies increase electric system costs by as much as $31 billion, on a present-value basis over 2015−2050. The expanded renewable deployment scenario yields incremental costs that range from $23 billion to $194 billion, depending on the assumptions employed. The monetized value of improved air quality and reduced climate damages exceed these costs. Using central assumptions, existing RPS policies yield $97 billion in air-pollution health benefits and $161 billion in climate damage reductions. Under the expanded RPS case, health benefits total $558 billion and climate benefits equal $599 billion. These scenarios also yield benefits in the form of reduced water use. RPS programs are not likely to represent the most cost effective path towards achieving air quality and climate benefits. Nonetheless, the findings suggest that US RPS programs are, on a national basis, cost effective when considering externalities.
Acute Response to a 2-Minute Isometric Exercise Test Predicts the Blood Pressure-Lowering Efficacy of Isometric Resistance Training in Young Adults
Authors: Somani Yasina B , Baross Anthony W , Brook Robert D , Milne Kevin J , McGowan Cheri L , Swaine Ian L 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
This work aimed to explore whether different forms of a simple isometric exercise test could be used to predict the blood pressure (BP)-lowering efficacy of different types of isometric resistance training (IRT) in healthy young adults. In light of the emphasis on primary prevention of hypertension, identifying those with normal BP who will respond to IRT is important. Also, heightened BP reactivity increases hypertension risk, and as IRT reduces BP reactivity in patients with hypertension, it warrants further investigation in a healthy population.

METHODS
Forty-six young men and women (24 ± 5 years; 116 ± 10/ 68 ± 8 mm Hg) were recruited from 2 study sites: Windsor, Canada (n = 26; 13 women), and Northampton, United Kingdom (n = 20; 10 women). Resting BP and BP reactivity to an isometric exercise test were assessed prior to and following 10 weeks of thrice weekly IRT. Canadian participants trained on a handgrip dynamometer (isometric handgrip, IHG), while participants in the UK trained on an isometric leg extension dynamometer (ILE).

RESULTS
Men and women enrolled in both interventions demonstrated significant reductions in systolic BP (P &lt; 0.001) and pulse pressure (P &lt; 0.05). Additionally, test-induced systolic BP changes to IHG and ILE tests were associated with IHG and ILE training-induced reductions in systolic BP after 10 weeks of training, respectively (r = 0.58 and r = 0.77; for IHG and ILE; P &lt; 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
The acute BP response to an isometric exercise test appears to be a viable tool to identify individuals who may respond to traditional IRT prescription.
Adoption of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Stage IA Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Across the United States
Authors: Holmes Jordan A. , Zagar Timothy M. , Chen Ronald C. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Background
Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is a treatment option for stage I non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), providing a potentially curative therapy for patients who are nonsurgical candidates. This study describes the adoption of SBRT vs other treatment options across the United States, as well as commonly used dose-fractionation regimens.

Methods
We analyzed patients in the National Cancer Data Base. A total of 107 233 stage IA NSCLC patients diagnosed from 2008 to 2013 were included. We described the proportions of patients who received different surgical and radiation treatment options by year. A multivariable model was constructed to assess factors associated with patients receiving SBRT. In patients who received SBRT, we described the proportion of patients who received common dose/fractionation regimens.

Results
Use of SBRT increased from 6.7% to 16.3% from 2008 to 2013, with a corresponding decrease in lobectomy/pneumonectomy (49.5% to 43.7%). The rates of wedge resection, conventional radiotherapy, and no treatment remained relatively constant. Adoption of SBRT was lowest in small community centers (8.6% of patients by 2013). On multivariable analysis, older age and treatment at larger centers were associated with higher SBRT receipt, and black race and higher comorbidity were associated with lower SBRT receipt. There was statistically significant geographic variation. Common SBRT schemes were 10 Gy × 5 (19%), 18–20 Gy × 3 (31%), and 12 Gy × 4 (16%).

Conclusions
SBRT adoption has been modest over time and has not substantially replaced less curative treatments. Lack of access to this technology in smaller cancer centers may have partly contributed to the slow adoption.
Mixed poloidal–toroidal magnetic configuration and surface abundance distributions of the Bp star 36 Lyn★
Authors: Oksala M. E. , Silvester J. , Kochukhov O. , Neiner C. , Wade G. A. ,   the MiMeS Collaboration
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Previous studies of the chemically peculiar Bp star 36 Lyn revealed a moderately strong magnetic field, circumstellar material and inhomogeneous surface abundance distributions of certain elements. We present in this paper an analysis of 33 high signal-to-noise ratio, high-resolution Stokes IV observations of 36 Lyn obtained with the Narval spectropolarimeter at the Bernard Lyot Telescope at Pic du Midi Observatory. From these data, we compute new measurements of the mean longitudinal magnetic field, Bℓ, using the multiline least-squares deconvolution (LSD) technique. A rotationally phased Bℓ curve reveals a strong magnetic field, with indications for deviation from a pure dipole field. We derive magnetic maps and chemical abundance distributions from the LSD profiles, produced using the Zeeman–Doppler imaging code InversLSD. Using a spherical harmonic expansion to characterize the magnetic field, we find that the harmonic energy is concentrated predominantly in the dipole mode (ℓ = 1), with significant contribution from both the poloidal and toroidal components. This toroidal field component is predicted theoretically, but not typically observed for Ap/Bp stars. Chemical abundance maps reveal a helium enhancement in a distinct region where the radial magnetic field is strong. Silicon enhancements are located in two regions, also where the radial field is stronger. Titanium and iron enhancements are slightly offset from the helium enhancements, and are located in areas where the radial field is weak, close to the magnetic equator.
Epidemiological Features and Trends of Brown Spot of Pear Disease Based on the Diversity of Pathogen Populations and Climate Change Effects
Authors: Moragrega Concepció , Puig Mireia , Ruz Lídia , Montesinos Emilio , Llorente Isidre 
Published: September 2017

Brown spot of pear, caused by the fungus Stemphylium vesicarium, is an emerging disease of economic importance in several pear-growing areas in Europe. In recent years, new control strategies combining sanitation practices and fungicide applications according to developed forecasting models have been introduced to manage the disease. However, the pathogenic and saprophytic behavior of this pathogen makes it difficult to manage the disease. In addition, climate change can also result in variations in the severity and geographical distribution of the disease. In this study, ecological and epidemiological aspects of brown spot of pear disease related to inoculum characterization and climate change impact were elucidated. The pathogenic variation in S. vesicarium populations from pear orchards and its relationship to inoculum sources (air samples, leaf debris, and infected host and nonhost tissues) was determined using multivariate analysis. In total, six variables related to infection and disease development on cultivar Conference pear detached leaves of 110 S. vesicarium isolates were analyzed. A high proportion of isolates (42%) were nonpathogenic to pear; 85% of these nonpathogenic isolates were recovered from air samples. Most isolates recovered from lesions (93%) and pseudothecia (83%) were pathogenic to pear. A group of pathogenic isolates rapidly infected cultivar Conference pear leaves resulted in disease increase that followed a monomolecular model, whereas some S. vesicarium isolates required a period of time after inoculation to initiate infection and resulted in disease increase that followed a logistic model. The latter group was mainly composed of isolates recovered from pseudothecia on leaf debris, whereas the former group was mainly composed of isolates recovered from lesions on pear fruit and leaves. The relationship between the source of inoculum and pathogenic/aggressiveness profile was confirmed by principal component analysis. The effect of climate change on disease risk was analyzed in two pear-growing areas of Spain under two scenarios (A2 and B1) and for three periods (2005 to 2009, 2041 to 2060, and 2081 to 2100). Simulations showed that the level of risk predicted by BSPcast model increased to high or very high under the two scenarios and was differentially distributed in the two regions. This study is an example of how epidemiological models can be used to predict not only the onset of infections but also how climate change could affect brown spot of pear. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Biological Facet of Segmental Bone Loss Reconstruction
Authors: Tosounidis Theodoros H. , Giannoudis Peter V. 
Published: September 2017

Summary:
The management of long bone defects continues to be associated with significant challenges for optimum and timely bone repair. When bone grafting is needed, essential parameters to be addressed include adequate volume, optimum density, and structural capacity as well as potent biological properties. Although the autologous iliac crest bone graft remains the gold standard, its reduced availability and donor site morbidity have made the clinicians to seek for other alternative options. Reamer irrigator aspirator graft with materials used as graft expanders along with inductive molecules and cellular augmentation constitute the current trend for optimum bone regeneration. This article presents the contemporary thinking of the biological facet of segmental bone loss reconstruction.
Cutaneous Light Chain Deposition Disease: A Report of 2 Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Hendricks Carlo , Fernández Figueras Maite T. , Liersch Julia , Martin-Urdà Maria-Teresa , López Dolores , Brochhausen Christoph , Röcken Christoph , Schaller Jörg 
Published: September 2017

Abstract:
Light chain deposition disease (LCDD) is a rare systemic disorder with deposition of mostly monoclonal amorphous nonamyloid light chains in multiple organs. Renal involvement with rapidly progressing renal failure presents the dominant manifestation of LCDD. Approximately 20%–30% of patients show symptomatic cardiac or liver involvement. Cutaneous manifestations are extremely rare with only a few published cases. We report 2 additional cases of cutaneous LCDD without detectable systemic disease.