bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intrauterine Device Insertion Failure After Misoprostol Administration
Authors: Matthews Laura R. , O'Dwyer Linda , O'Neill Erica 
Published: October 2016

OBJECTIVE:
To examine rates of intrauterine device (IUD) insertion failure with and without prior misoprostol administration. Additional outcomes included difficulty of insertion, subjective pain, expulsion, and complications.

DATA SOURCES:
Systematic searches were performed in PubMed MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature for articles with the following keywords: “misoprostol,” “intrauterine devices,” and “IUDs.”

METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION:
A total of 161 unique results were retrieved. Titles, abstracts, and full-text articles were independently screened twice by two reviewers for content and relevance. Quality assessment was performed using previously established criteria. After screening and quality assessment, nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were obtained for inclusion. Six articles were designated high quality and three were designated low quality.

TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS:
Six of six RCTs examining IUD insertion failure with misoprostol revealed no difference in this measure. Of nine RCTs examining difficulty of IUD insertion with misoprostol, seven revealed no difference in this measure and two revealed decreased difficulty of insertion with misoprostol administration. Of nine RCTs examining pain with IUD insertion, seven revealed no difference in pain measurement scores, one revealed increased pain with misoprostol administration, and one revealed decreased pain with misoprostol administration. Five studies examining rates of expulsion and two studies examining complications of IUD insertion revealed no difference in this measure.

CONCLUSION:
No data support routine administration of misoprostol before IUD insertion. Success of insertion is high even among nulliparous women, and good-quality data do not demonstrate that misoprostol use increases success. These data similarly reveal no differences in difficulty of insertion, pain with insertion, or expulsion with prior administration of misoprostol. However, data for several outcomes are limited by lack of power.
Impact of Androgen Deprivation Therapy on Overall Mortality in Prostate Brachytherapy Patients With Low Pretreatment Testosterone Levels
Authors: Taira Al V. , Merrick Gregory S. , Galbreath Robert W. , Butler Wayne M. , Adamovich Edward 
Published: October 2016

Objectives:
To evaluate whether the use of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in prostate brachytherapy patients impacts overall mortality (OM) in patients with lower pretreatment serum testosterone levels compared with those with normal or high baseline serum testosterone.

Materials and Methods:
From October 2001 to May 2014, 1916 patients underwent brachytherapy and had a pretreatment serum testosterone. Baseline serum testosterone values were collected prospectively before initiation of therapy. Median follow-up was 7.2 years. In total, 26% of the patients received ADT, primarily men with higher risk disease. OM and prostate cancer–specific mortality were examined to determine whether men with lower baseline serum testosterone were at increased risk of mortality when ADT was used, compared with men with baseline normal or higher testosterone.

Results:
Prostate cancer–specific mortality and OM at 10 years was 0.8% and 22.0%. Age, tobacco use, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and percent positive biopsies were the strongest predictors of OM. ADT use by itself was not associated with an increased risk of OM on multivariate analysis (P=0.695). However, ADT use in men with lower baseline testosterone was associated with a significantly higher risk of OM (P<0.01). ADT use in men with normal or higher baseline testosterone was not associated with an increased OM risk (P=0.924).

Conclusions:
Men with lower baseline testosterone may be at increased risk of premature death when ADT is utilized compared with men with baseline normal or higher testosterone. Further analysis of this potential risk factor is warranted to further identify subsets of men who may be at higher risk of long-term adverse sequelae from ADT.
PRESENTATION OF CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY IN TWO HUSBAND AND WIFE COUPLES
Authors: Kanesa-thasan Aditya , Fawzi Amani A. , Gill Manjot K. 
Published: October 2016

Purpose:
Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is a disease in which serous detachment of the neurosensory retina occurs over an area of leakage from the choriocapillaris through the retinal pigment epithelium. Associations have been drawn between high-stress personality types and steroid exposure. This article aims to describe a unique case series of two husband and wife couples with CSC.

Methods:
All methods were approved by the authors’ institution's institutional review board. History, physical examination, and imaging data were obtained from the electronic medical records of the patients in question and from the providers who cared for these patients.

Results:
Couple 1: A 35-year-old man presented with “dark spots” in his right eye. He reported no recent steroid use. Visual acuity at presentation was 20/30 in the right eye and 20/20 in the left eye. On fundus examination, there was subretinal fluid in the right eye. His wife presented on the same day with a “wavy section” in the right eye for 6 weeks. She also had no recent steroid use. Visual acuity at presentation was 20/20 in both eyes with blunting of the foveal reflex in the right eye. Optical coherence tomography showed a thick choroid with a pigment epithelial detachment in the right eye. Couple 2: A 34-year-old man presented with “blurry vision” in his right eye for one month. He was taking oral and nasal steroids for chronic sinusitis. Visual acuity was 20/30 in the right eye and 20/20 in the left eye. Fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green confirmed the diagnosis of CSC. After 3 months of persistent subretinal fluid, he received photodynamic therapy in the right eye. Three days after his photodynamic therapy, his 38-year-old wife presented with subjective blurring in both eyes. Visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes, but optical coherence tomography showed thick choroid in both eyes, a large central pigment epithelial detachment in the right eye, and 3 small pigment epithelial detachments in the left eye. She had no history of steroid use but did admit to high stress recently.

Conclusion:
All the patients in this case series were diagnosed with CSC. This is the first series to describe the simultaneous occurrence of CSC in spouses. Possible explanations for these presentations may include shared external stressors or secondary steroid exposure. Clinicians may consider inquiring about family members or cohabitants with similar symptoms if CSC is suspected.
Tinnitus Suppression After Auditory Brainstem Implantation in Patients With Neurofibromatosis Type-2
Authors: Roberts Daniel S. , Otto Steve , Chen Brian , Peng Kevin A. , Schwartz Marc S. , Brackmann Derald E. , House John W. 
Published: October 2016

Objective:
To evaluate whether an auditory brainstem implant (ABI) can impact levels of tinnitus in neurofibromatosis type-2 (NF2) patients who have undergone translabyrinthine craniotomy for vestibular schwannoma (VS) removal and to evaluate the burden of tinnitus in these patients.

Study Design:
A retrospective case series and patient survey.

Setting:
Tertiary neurotologic referral center.

Patients:
NF2 patients who underwent translabyrinthine removal of VS and ABI placement between 1994 and 2015.

Interventions:
A survey, retrospective review and two validated tinnitus handicap questionnaires (tinnitus handicap inventory [THI] and tinnitus visual analogue scale [VAS]) were used to characterize the degree of tinnitus in NF2 patients and whether an ABI can alter tinnitus levels.

Main Outcome Measures(s):
Survey results, THI and VAS scores.

Results:
One hundred twelve ABI users were contacted and 43 patients (38.3)% responded to our survey. Tinnitus was reported in 83.7% of patients. The THI score for responders was 17.8 ± 20.5 standard deviation (SD). For survey participants, the ABI reduced tinnitus levels (mean VAS: Off = 3.5; On 1-h = 2.1; p = 0.048). For patients who subjectively reported that the ABI reduced tinnitus loudness, tinnitus levels were immediately reduced on ABI activation and after 1 hour of use (mean VAS: Off = 4.8; On = 2.4; On 1-h = 1.8; p < 0.01). Suppression did not continue after the device was turned off. Audiological performance with the ABI did not correlate with tinnitus suppression.

Conclusion:
NF2 patients who have undergone removal of VS have a significant tinnitus handicap and benefit from tinnitus suppression through utilization of an ABI possibly through masking or electrical stimulation of the auditory brainstem.
Subjective Experiences of the Benefits and Key Elements of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention Focused on Community Work Outcomes in Persons With Mental Illness
Authors: Kukla Marina , Strasburger Amy M. , Salyers Michelle P. , Rattray Nicholas A. , Lysaker Paul H. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
New research suggests that group-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) may help improve employment outcomes in persons with mental illness, yet the effects and potential key elements facilitating change in such interventions are unclear. Using a mixed methods approach, this study examined the perspectives of persons with mental illness after participating in a pilot study of the “CBT for Work Success” intervention. Findings demonstrate that participants valued the intervention and perceived that it assisted them in achieving work goals. Therapeutic effects included improved self-efficacy, work motivation, enhanced sense of self as workers, and increased beliefs that work success is attainable. CBT for Work Success elements perceived to be important in facilitating work goals included cognitive restructuring, behavioral coping strategies, problem solving work barriers, meaningful reflection on oneself as a worker, and important factors associated with the group process. The authors discuss the implications of these findings and future research directions.
Cancer and the World's Poor: What's a Gynecologic Cancer Specialist to Do?
Authors: Randall Thomas C. , Goodman Anne Kathryn , Schmeler Kathleen , Durfee John , Pareja Rene , Munkarah Adnan , Rulisa Stephen , Ghebre Rahel , Trimble Edward L. , Chuang Linus 
Published: October 2016

(Abstracted from Gynecol Oncol 2016;142:6–8)
Remarkable improvements have been made over the past 5 decades in care of women with gynecologic malignancies. In the developed world, most women with uterine cancer are cured, and both survival and quality of life of women with ovarian cancer have improved.
Dilute Versus Concentrated Vasopressin Administration During Laparoscopic Myomectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Cohen S. L. , Senapati S. , Gargiulo A. R. , Srouji S. S. , Tu F. , Solnik J. , Hur H.-C. , Vitonis A. , Jonsdottir G. M. , Wang K. C. , Einarsson J. I. 
Published: October 2016

(Abstracted from BJOG 2016; doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.14179)
Leiomyomata are found in up to 80% of uteri examined at hysterectomy; symptoms are present in 20% to 50% of women. The preferred surgical procedure when uterine conservation is desired is myomectomy; when feasible, the laparoscopic approach is preferred.
Hysteroscopy Before In-Vitro Fertilisation (inSIGHT): A Multicentre, Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Smit Janine G. , Kasius Jenneke C. , Eijkemans Marinus J. C. , Koks Carolien A. M. , van Golde Ronald , Nap Annemiek W. , Scheffer Gabrielle J. , Manger Petra A. P. , Hoek Annemieke , Schoot Benedictus C. , van Heusden Arne M. , Kuchenbecker Walter K. H. , Perquin Denise A. M. , Fleischer Kathrin , Kaaijk Eugenie M. , Sluijmer Alexander , Friederich Jaap , Dykgraaf Ramon H. M. , van Hooff Marcel , Louwe Leonie A. , Kwee Janet , de Koning Corry H. , Janssen Ineke C. A. H. , Mol Femke , Mol Ben W. J. , Broekmans Frank J. M. , Torrance Helen L. 
Published: October 2016

(Abstracted from Lancet 2016;387:2622–2629)
Since the first successful live birth after in vitro fertilization (IVF) was reported in 1978, more than 5 million children have been born with the help of this and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) procedures. However, only approximately 25% to 30% of cycles of IVF and ICSI lead to the birth of a child.
Trends in Selected Measures of Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Gonorrhea and Syphilis in the United States, 1981–2013
Authors: Chesson Harrell W. , Patel Chirag G. , Gift Thomas L. , Aral Sevgi O. 
Published: October 2016

Background
The purpose of this study was to examine selected measures of racial and ethnic disparities in the reported incidence of syphilis and gonorrhea from 1981 to 2013 in the United States.

Methods
For each year, from 1981 to 2013, we calculated values for 5 disparity measures (Gini coefficient, 2 versions of the index of disparity, population attributable proportion, and the black-to-white rate ratio) for 5 racial/ethnic categories (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, American Indian/Alaska Native, and Asian/Pacific Islander). We also examined annual and 5-year changes to see if the disparity measures agreed on the direction of change in disparity.

Results
With a few exceptions, the disparity measures increased from 1981 to 1993 and decreased from 1993 to 2013, whereas syphilis and gonorrhea rates decreased for most groups from 1981 to 1993 and increased from 1993 to 2013. Overall, the disparity measures we examined were highly correlated with one another, particularly when examining 5-year changes rather than annual changes in disparity. For example, all 5 measures agreed on the direction of change in the disparity of syphilis in 56% of the annual comparisons and in 82% of the 5-year comparisons.

Conclusions
Although the disparity measures we examined were generally consistent with one another, these measures can sometimes yield divergent assessments of whether racial/ethnic disparities are increasing or decreasing for a given sexually transmitted disease from one point in time to another, as well as divergent assessments of the relative magnitude of the change.
Citric Acid Cycle Metabolites Predict the Severity of Myocardial Stunning and Mortality in Newborn Pigs
Authors: Hyldebrandt Janus Adler , Støttrup Nicolaj Brejnholt , Frederiksen Christian Alcaraz , Heiberg Johan , Dupont Birkler Rune Isak , Johannsen Mogens , Schmidt Michael Rahbek , Ravn Hanne Berg 
Published: October 2016

Objectives:
Myocardial infarction and chronic heart failure induce specific metabolic changes in the neonatal myocardium that are closely correlated to outcome. The aim of this study was to examine the metabolic responses to noninfarct heart failure and inotropic treatments in the newborn heart, which so far are undetermined.

Design:
A total of 28 newborn pigs were instrumented with a microdialysis catheter in the right ventricle, and intercellular citric acid cycle intermediates and adenosine metabolite concentrations were determined at 20-minute intervals. Stunning was induced by 10 cycles of 3 minutes of ischemia, which was performed by occluding the right coronary artery, followed by 3 minutes of reperfusion. Animals were randomized for treatment with epinephrine + milrinone, dopamine + milrinone, dobutamine, or saline.

Setting:
University hospital animal laboratory.

Main Results:
Ischemia-reperfusion induced right ventricular stunning and increased the concentrations of pyruvate lactate, succinate, malate, hypoxanthine, and xanthine (all, p < 0.01). During inotrope infusion, no differences in metabolite concentrations were detected between the treatment groups. In nonsurviving animals (n = 8), concentrations of succinate (p < 0.0001), malate (p = 0.009), and hypoxanthine (p = 0.04) increased compared with survivors, while contractility was significantly reduced (p = 0.03).

Conclusions:
Accumulation of citric acid cycle intermediates and adenosine metabolites reflects the presence of myocardial stunning and predicts mortality in acute noninfarct right ventricular heart failure in newborn pigs. This phenomenon occurs independently of the type of inotrope, suggesting that citric acid cycle intermediates represent potential markers of acute noninfarct heart failure.
The Clinical Impact of Heated Humidified High-Flow Nasal Cannula on Pediatric Respiratory Distress
Authors: Kawaguchi Atsushi , Yasui Yutaka , deCaen Allan , Garros Daniel 
Published: October 2016

Objectives:
To assess the impact on a single PICU of introducing high-flow nasal cannula as a management tool for respiratory distress.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study, including an interrupted time series analysis with a propensity score adjustment and a matched-pair analysis.

Setting:
A single university-affiliated children's hospital PICU.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Differences in clinical outcomes when comparing the pre–high-flow nasal cannula era (2004–2008) and the high-flow nasal cannula era (2010–2014), excluding 2009 as a washout period, and clinical impacts of high-flow nasal cannula as an exposure of interest. A total of 1,766 children met the inclusion criteria (pre–high-flow nasal cannula era: 699 patients; high-flow nasal cannula era: 1,067 patients). High-flow nasal cannula was used in 455 patients (42.6%) in the high-flow nasal cannula era. The interrupted time series analysis failed to show a statistically significant difference in PICU length of stay, but the duration of invasive ventilation was shortened by an average of 2.3 days in the high-flow nasal cannula era group (95% CI, 0.2–4.4; p = 0.030). The PICU intubation rate in the high-flow nasal cannula era was 0.72 times that of the pre–high-flow nasal cannula era (95% CI, 0.63–0.84; p < 0.001). A total of 373 pairs were formed for the matched-pair analysis. The odds for being intubated in the PICU for those patients using high-flow nasal cannula was 0.06 (95% CI, 0.02–0.16; p < 0.001) when compared with those who did not use high-flow nasal cannula. The PICU length of stay increased by 2.9 days in those patients in which high-flow nasal cannula was used (95% CI, 1.3–4.4; p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
The introduction of high-flow nasal cannula as a therapy for respiratory distress in the PICU was associated with a significant decrease in the PICU intubation rate with no associated change in mortality.
Left Atrial Performance in the Course of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Kowallick Johannes T. , Silva Vieira Miguel , Kutty Shelby , Lotz Joachim , Hasenfuß Gerd , Chiribiri Amedeo , Schuster Andreas 
Published: October 2016

Objectives
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is associated with left atrial (LA) functional abnormalities. The determinants and the degree of LA dysfunction in the course of HCM are not fully understood. We aimed to characterize LA mechanics in HCM, according to the extent of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and fibrosis.

Methods and Results
Seventy-three HCM patients and 23 age- and sex-matched controls underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging including late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). LA reservoir, conduit, and contractile functions were quantified by fractional volume changes and cardiovascular magnetic resonance feature-tracking–derived strain and strain rate. In multivariable regression, LA mechanics were associated with the extent of LV LGE (P = 0.033 to P < 0.001), but not with the LV mass extent or maximum wall thickness (P = 0.108 to P = 0.964). Left atrial function decreased according to the increase in extent of LV fibrosis (non-LGE; mild LGE ≤ 10%; intermediate LGE 11%–19%; severe LGE ≥ 20%). Compared with healthy controls, LA conduit function was impaired in HCM with no LGE already (LA emptying fraction conduit: 32% ± 7% vs 26 ± 14, P = 0.037). Conversely, LA contractile booster pump function was impaired in HCM with severe LGE only (LA emptying fraction booster: 40% ± 8% vs 20% ± 10%, P < 0.001; for controls vs LGE ≥ 20%, respectively).

Conclusions
Left atrial functional abnormalities are associated with LV fibrosis, but not with LV hypertrophy. While LA conduit function is impaired in early HCM stages as represented by mild or absent LV fibrosis, LA contractile function is impaired later in the course of disease progression as demonstrated by the presence of severe LV fibrosis only. These novel markers of LA performance may potentially proof useful for disease staging and early detection of cardiac deterioration.
Alexithymia: a general deficit of interoception
Authors: Brewer Rebecca , Cook Richard , Bird Geoffrey 
Published: October 2016

Alexithymia is a sub-clinical construct, traditionally characterized by difficulties identifying and describing one's own emotions. Despite the clear need for interoception (interpreting physical signals from the body) when identifying one's own emotions, little research has focused on the selectivity of this impairment. While it was originally assumed that the interoceptive deficit in alexithymia is specific to emotion, recent evidence suggests that alexithymia may also be associated with difficulties perceiving some non-affective interoceptive signals, such as one's heart rate. It is therefore possible that the impairment experienced by those with alexithymia is common to all aspects of interoception, such as interpreting signals of hunger, arousal, proprioception, tiredness and temperature. In order to determine whether alexithymia is associated with selectively impaired affective interoception, or general interoceptive impairment, we investigated the association between alexithymia and self-reported non-affective interoceptive ability, and the extent to which individuals perceive similarity between affective and non-affective states (both measured using questionnaires developed for the purpose of the current study), in both typical individuals (
n
= 105 (89 female), mean age = 27.5 years) and individuals reporting a diagnosis of a psychiatric condition (
n
= 103 (83 female), mean age = 31.3 years). Findings indicated that alexithymia was associated with poor non-affective interoception and increased perceived similarity between affective and non-affective states, in both the typical and clinical populations. We therefore suggest that rather than being specifically associated with affective impairment, alexithymia is better characterized by a general failure of interoception.