bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk–benefit analysis of a multi‐site radiographer comment model for emergency departments
Authors: Klobasa Ingrid , Denham Gary , Roebuck Derek J , Sim Jenny , Baird Marilyn , Petrie Dennis , Best Joshua , Abood James , Tonks Alexandra , Tu Caitlin , Jones Christopher 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesCritical/urgent X‐ray findings are not always communicated in an appropriate time frame to ED physicians. The practice of radiographers alerting referrers to clinically significant image findings (verbally, via image flags or written comment) is noted internationally but risk assessment data is unavailable in the literature. A hybrid radiographer comment and alert model was piloted in New South Wales and a risk–benefit assessment conducted for timely and safe communication of abnormal X‐ray appearances to ED physicians.MethodsRadiographer comments (n = 1102) were provided to five New South Wales EDs by 69 radiographers for a period of 3–12 months. Site auditors classified comments as true positive (TP), false positive (FP) or indeterminate (ID) with respect to the radiology report. FP comments were investigated with ED referrers and a low‐medium‐high‐risk assessment was provided by two independent reviewers.ResultsA total of 42 FP (3.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.9–5.3) comments were analysed for any adverse outcomes. Risk assessments demonstrated 37 low, 5 low‐moderate and no high‐risk cases. A total of 282 direct or potential patient benefits were identified (26.4%; 95% CI 23.8–29.1). A total of 42 radiology report discrepancies were incidentally found: (3.9%; 95% CI 2.9–5.3). Audit results demonstrated areas where the radiographer comment could mitigate risk.ConclusionThe provision of radiographer alerts with a written comment for ED was found to be low risk to patients in the pilot study. Radiographers communicating directly with the emergency team when abnormal image appearances are detected can reduce diagnostic error and improve patient safety and health outcomes.
Anatomical and Computed Tomography Study of the Mandible of the Patagonian Huemul (Hippocamelus bisulcus): Ecological and Clinical Insights
Authors: Núñez‐Cook Samuel , Vidal Fernando , Salinas Paulo 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTGiven the high prevalence of skeletal and mandibular diseases in the Patagonian Huemul, comprehensive anatomical studies are essential to understand the impact of nutritional deficiencies and support conservation efforts. The aim of this study is to provide a detailed anatomical characterisation of three exhumed mandibles of Patagonian huemul (Hippocamelus bisulcus) through three‐dimensional reconstructions obtained from computed tomography data and semi‐automatic segmentation, documenting their distinctive features. The findings revealed distinctive features in the mandible, consistent with the browsing habits of herbivores, such as a robust coronoid process, a wide and deep pterygoid fossa, a significantly lower mandibular condyle compared to other deer species and a unique configuration of the mandibular canal with a curved caudal portion and a straight rostral portion. These anatomical adaptations are likely related to the species' feeding habits and behaviour. The study also addressed the challenges of researching an endangered species, given that access to biological material is restricted by strict regulations in Chile and Argentina. These restrictions limited the available sample size and hindered the acquisition of additional specimens, which could affect the generalisation of the results. Despite these limitations, the research provides valuable anatomical insights that are fundamental for the biology, clinical practice and management of specimens. In conclusion, the mandibles of both juvenile and adult Patagonian huemul demonstrate distinctive features characteristic of browsing herbivores. The findings can serve as a basis for future comparative studies on mandibular anatomy and function in this endangered deer species as well as in other herbivorous deer.
Association of Anti‐Annexin A5 Antibody With Pregnancy Outcomes: A Cohort Study
Authors: Guo Xueke , Xiang Junmiao , Zhang Wenmei , Zheng Xiuying , Dai Yuanyuan , Cai Zhuhua 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate the correlation between anti‐annexin A5 (aANXA5) antibody in the blood and pregnancy outcomes
.MethodsThis study is a retrospective cohort study based on singleton pregnancies of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from May 2018 to December 2022. Baseline characteristics were collected from all participants. Logistic regression and interaction effect analyses were utilized to examine the risk impact of aANXA5 on pregnancy complications, adjusting for age, BMI, abortion, ANA, and aCL. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) and threshold effect analysis were applied to explore the relationship between aANXA5 levels and preterm birth (PTB), as well as pregnancy‐induced hypertension (PIH).ResultsThe study included 501 participants, with 51 (10.2%) testing positive for aANXA5 and 450 (89.8%) testing negative. The aANXA5 positive group exhibited higher rates of ANA and antibodies to thyroglobulin (TGAb), along with increased incidences of PTB and PIH. Positive aANXA5 status was independently linked to an elevated risk of PTB (OR: 2.53, 95% CI: 1.30–4.94) and PIH (OR: 4.23, 95% CI: 1.54–11.62). Subsequent subgroup analysis indicated no significant interaction between the groups (p > 0.05). Threshold analysis revealed that the OR for PTB was 1.20 (95% CI: 1.03–1.39) in participants with aANXA5 levels ≥ 32.77 ng/mL, and the OR for PIH was 1.62 (95% CI: 1.15–2.28) in those with aANXA5 levels ≥ 33.20 ng/mL.ConclusionAANXA5 is independently associated with an increased risk of PTB and PIH. The identified optimal predictive cutoff values are 32.77 ng/mL for PTB and 33.20 ng/mL for PIH.
Strategic state violence and migration in conflict
Authors: Sun Jessica S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGovernments routinely wage civil conflicts in ways that disrupt civilians' lives and livelihoods, creating harmful externalities like internal displacement. Both fighting and displacement hinder economic activity, jeopardizing popular support for governments and reducing the future gains of governance. How do states fight when using force induces migration and thus risks popular discontent? I model a conflict where government efforts to control territory spur displacement, creating economic disruption that can spark tension between displaced civilians and government supporters. The risk of losing popular support leads the government to modify its tactics. While the government could mitigate the disruptive consequences of displacement by fighting less, I find another, more troubling, strategy. Governments may engage in preemptive violence to prevent migration. Moreover, economic downturns exacerbate migration incentives and, I find, can also increase violence against civilians. Governments anticipating displacement fight more intense conflicts today to see relatively less migration in the future.
When you come at the king: Opposition coalitions and nearly stunning elections
Authors: Samet Oren 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOpposition coalitions under electoral authoritarianism have been associated with greater likelihood of opposition victory and democratization. I argue, however, that coalitions also entail significant downside risks with implications for longer term prospects for democracy. Where coalitions produce strong electoral outcomes but fail to force turnovers, regimes are left with both the incentive and capacity to repress and reconsolidate power. I show cross‐nationally that opposition coalitions are associated with stronger opposition performance overall, but that when oppositions fail to take power, exceptionally strong performance is associated with greater autocratization in the subsequent years, including increased repression and poorer electoral quality in future contests. Probing the case of Cambodia, I demonstrate how the very features that make opposition coalitions a useful tool in strengthening performance also invite new threats from regimes. I argue that this makes coalition formation a particularly risky proposition.
A translation regulator that drives spermatogonial stem cell formation
Authors: Tan Kun , Wilkinson Miles F. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundSpermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are essential for adult spermatogenesis. Themolecular mechanisms driving SSC generation are poorly understood.ObjectivesZou et al. reported that the precursor cells that give rise to SSCs–prospermatogonia (ProSG) require the RNA‐binding protein, DDX20, in orderto undergo the obligatory proliferative re‐activation step that proceeds SSC formation.Materials and methodsLiterature search.Results and conclusionWe summarize the authors' discovery that the RNA‐binding protein, DDX20, iscritical for driving the proliferative re‐activation of ProSG, a key step that proceeds SSC generation in vivo. They provide evidence that DDX20 performs this role through its ability to promote the translation of mRNAs encoding proteins known to be essential for cell‐cycle and spermatogonial homeostasis. It remains to be determined whether this role is conserved inhumans. It will also be interesting to elucidate whether other post‐transcriptional regulators also have roles in early germ cell development. More broadly, it will be fascinating to determine whether post‐transcriptional regulators workin concert with transcriptional regulators to drive germ‐cell development.
Territorial Stigma and Rent Gap Production: The Logics of Gentrification in Gresham and Middlehaven, Middlesbrough
Authors: Holmes Hannah 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRent gap theory has long been a staple of gentrification studies, and given that gentrification and territorial stigma have been shown to be closely related, the distinct ways in which the rent gap operates in territorially stigmatised spaces demands attention. This paper examines how governance approaches within territorially stigmatised spaces shape the particular ways in which rent gaps are opened. It illustrates how the rent gap theory has operated in practice across two contexts within Middlesbrough, a town in the North East of England. By tracing the governance approaches which shape the form that rent gap production takes across these contexts, this paper provides evidence for how the rent gap theory operates in practice in stigmatised areas, and indicates how the form which the process of rent gap production takes is contingent upon the particular logics of governance operating within a locality at the point of production.
Optimizing care for MRKH patients: From malformation screening to uterus transplantation eligibility
Authors: Cospain Auriane , Dion Ludivine , Bidet Maud , Nyangoh Timoh Krystel , Quelin Chloé , Carton Isis , Lavillaureix Alinoe , Morcel Karine , Rollier Paul , Pasquier Laurent , Nouyou Bénédicte , Odent Sylvie , Guerrier Daniel , Launay Erika , Belaud Rotureau Marc‐Antoine , Fradin Mélanie , Jaillard Sylvie , Lavoué Vincent 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionMayer‐Rokitansky‐Küster‐Hauser (MRKH) syndrome with utero‐vaginal aplasia is the most severe form of the Müllerian duct anomalies and can be associated with extra‐genital abnormalities such as renal or skeletal anomalies, hearing loss, or cardiac defects. The past two decades have witnessed significant advances both in understanding the etiologies of MRKH and in the development of fertility treatments such as uterine transplantation. The present work aimed to determine the rate of women with MRKH syndrome who underwent optimal initial management (after comprehensive malformation assessment) and to establish the rate of patients eligible for uterine transplantation (i.e., those with a vaginal length ≥7 cm without reconstruction using a bowel segment, and an anti‐Müllerian hormone level >1.5 ng/mL before 35 years).Material and MethodsCohort study of 85 women with MRKH syndrome consulting in our tertiary center.Results62.4% of women with MRKH syndrome had an exhaustive malformative evaluation according to the French guidelines (Protocole National de Diagnostic et de Soin [PNDS]), of which 76.5% had associated malformations (MRKH type II). Pedigree, when available, showed a family history of infertility or a urogenital tract spectrum anomaly in 60% of cases. Concerning the uterine transplantation selection criteria, when evaluated, 22.6% of women had an anti‐Müllerian hormone level <1.5 ng/mL and 36% a vaginal length <7 cm. On the 21 women with complete evaluation of both primary and secondary outcomes, 14 of them would be eligible for a uterine transplantation program at the time of consultation according to the main inclusion criteria of uterine transplantation program.ConclusionsWomen with MRKH syndrome are often inadequately explored for associated malformations. Early assessment and monitoring of the ovarian reserve is key for fertility preservation, especially in the era of uterine transplantation.
A study of the first five‐year tenure (2017–2022) of provincial governments in Nepal
Authors: Bhusal Thaneshwar , Breen Michael G. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNepal introduced federalism in 2015 with three levels of government: federal, provincial, and local. The preamble of the constitution mentions that the country's new federal system of government shall address three key perennial political and policy problems: (i) centralized governance structure, (ii) geographically disbalancing developmental approach, and (iii) social injustice leveraged by caste‐based social structures and unequal economic opportunities. This research is an attempt to understand the first 5‐year tenure of provincial governments (2017–2022) regarding their efforts to attain the aforesaid constitutional aims. Findings indicate that provincial governments operated in ambiguity during their first electoral tenure, resulting in no tangible outcomes. Instead, they generated rather pessimistic public impressions about provincial government structure in Nepal. The research contributes to broadening the insights on intermediary government mechanisms across federal countries, with empirical evidence from Nepal.
“When you live in a colony… every act counts”: Exploring engagement in and perceptions of diverse anti‐colonial resistance strategies in Puerto Rico
Authors: Marazzi Carmen , Vollhardt Johanna Ray 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWhile social psychology has contributed much to our understanding of collective action, other forms of resistance are understudied. However, in contexts of long‐standing oppression—such as ongoing colonialism—and past repression of liberation struggles, other resistance strategies are important considering the constraints on overt, collective action in such contexts. This paper reports findings from an interview study in Puerto Rico (N = 22) exploring anti‐colonial resistance. We analysed participants' own resistance, future preferred strategies, and descriptive norms of other ingroup members' resistance. Through thematic analysis, we identified six distinct forms of anti‐colonial resistance. Notably, none of the participants reported participating in collective action. Instead, participants engaged in different forms of symbolic everyday resistance to preserve a positive, distinct cultural identity, and raise critical consciousness of the group's oppression. Additionally, more tangible resistance strategies included staying on the land and building independent economies. Overall, this study illustrates the importance of considering a more comprehensive set of resistance strategies in contexts of long‐standing colonial oppression to recognize oppressed groups' agency and provide a better understanding of how people undermine destructive power.
Ureteric stenting outside of the operation theatre: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Gordon Patrick , Thompson Daryl , Patel Oneel , Ma Ronald , Bolton Damien , Ischia Joseph 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety, efficacy, tolerability, and cost‐effectiveness of bedside or office‐based ureteric stent insertion.MethodsFollowing Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses‐Protocols (PRISMA‐P) and A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) 2 guidelines, we searched PubMed/the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), the Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE), Google Scholar, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Dimensions for English‐language studies from 1978 to April 2023. Inclusion criteria focused on primary ureteric stent placements outside of the operating theatre (OT).ResultsA total of 15 studies involving 2072 stents were included. Success rates for correctly positioned stents in bedside or office‐based insertions ranged from 60% to 95.8%, with most studies reporting ≥80% success rates. Common failure reasons included impacted stones and difficulty identifying the ureteric orifice. Pain and tolerability were assessed using various methods, with validated tools indicating moderate pain levels, but most patients would undergo the procedure again under local anaesthesia. Complication rates were generally low, with minor complications such as haematuria or postoperative fever being the most common. Procedural costs were significantly lower in non‐OT settings, with estimates indicating savings of up to four‐fold.ConclusionBedside or office‐based ureteric stent insertion is a viable alternative to OT procedures, offering high success rates, manageable pain levels, low complication rates, and substantial cost savings. This approach is particularly advantageous in settings with limited OT access, highlighting its potential for broader adoption in urological practice. Future research should focus on standardising pain assessment methods and randomised studies.
Is there really such a thing as Tropical Biology?
Authors: Bruna Emilio M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe ecosystems of The Tropics comprise a majority of the planet's biodiversity, approximately 40% of its terrestrial surface area, and half the human population. Despite this, Tropical Biology has historically been conceptualized as a specialized subdiscipline of the Biological Sciences. I assessed the validity of this assumption and conclude that it depends on the framework and evidence used to evaluate it. I suggest that the way forward as a discipline is not for Tropical Biologists to drop the geographic adjective that unites them, but to recenter The Tropics as the foundation of ecology and evolutionary biology.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Adrenaline Auto‐Injectors for Preventing Fatal Anaphylaxis
Authors: Sim Marcus , Sharma Vibha , Li Karen , Gowland Mary Hazel , Garcez Tomaz , Shilladay Cassandra , Pumphrey Richard , Patel Nandinee , Turner Paul J. , Boyle Robert J. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAnaphylaxis affects up to 5% of people during their lifetime. Although anaphylaxis usually resolves without long‐term physical consequences, it can result in anxiety and quality of life impairment. Rarely and unpredictably, community anaphylaxis can cause rapid physiological decompensation and death. Adrenaline (epinephrine) is the cornerstone of anaphylaxis treatment, and provision of adrenaline autoinjectors (AAI) has become a standard of care for people at risk of anaphylaxis in the community. In this article, we explore the effectiveness of AAIs for preventing fatal outcomes in anaphylaxis, using information drawn from animal and human in vivo studies and epidemiology. We find that data support the effectiveness of intravenous adrenaline infusions for reversing physiological features of anaphylaxis, typically at doses from 0.05 to 0.5 μg/kg/min for 1–2 h, or ~ 10 μg/kg total dose. Intramuscular injection of doses approximating 10 μg/kg in humans can result in similar peak plasma adrenaline levels to intravenous infusions, at 100–500 pg/mL. However, these levels are typically short‐lived following intramuscular adrenaline, and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic outcomes can be unpredictable. Epidemiological data do not support an association between increasing AAI prescriptions and reduced fatal anaphylaxis, although carriage and activation rates remain low. Taken together, these data suggest that current AAIs have little impact on rates of fatal anaphylaxis, perhaps due to a lack of sustained and sufficient plasma adrenaline concentration. Effects of AAI prescription on quality of life may be variable. There is a need to consider alternatives, which can safely deliver a sustained adrenaline infusion via an appropriate route.
A Cross‐Sectional Study of Peri‐Implant Diseases in a Random Norwegian Population: Prevalence, Risk Indicators, and Clinical Validation of Patient‐Reported Outcomes
Authors: Mauland Erik Klepsland , Sørensen Karoline , Aarbu Naomi Østergren , Verket Anders , Ellingsen Stig Aanerød , Bull Vibeke Hervik , Gaarden Roya Torabi , Lie Stein Atle , Bunæs Dagmar Fosså 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe primary aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of peri‐implant diseases in a randomly selected Norwegian population. The secondary aims were to explore risk indicators for peri‐implant diseases and to validate self‐reported outcome measures from a survey with clinical parameters.Material and MethodsPatients (n = 3083) rehabilitated with dental implants in 2014 were mailed a questionnaire and invited to a clinical examination. A randomly selected subset of responders underwent a clinical examination (n = 242). Full mouth clinical and radiographic examinations were conducted. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess patient‐related risk indicators for peri‐implantitis. Self‐reported data were compared with data from the clinical examination using Spearman correlation and binary logistic regression.ResultsThe prevalence of peri‐implantitis was 17.0% at patient level and 8.6% at implant level, according to the 2018 classification. Risk indicators for peri‐implantitis included smoking and periodontitis in the adjusted model. The correlation was strong (r = 0.91, p < 0.001) between number of self‐reported implants and clinical counts, whereas self‐reported peri‐implant inflammation was associated with peri‐implantitis (OR 6.4 [95% CI 3.0, 13.7]).ConclusionsSmoking and periodontitis were identified as key risk indicators for peri‐implantitis. Questionnaire data rendered clinically valid estimates of implant number, and self‐reported peri‐implant inflammation was associated with clinical peri‐implantitis.