bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ab Interno Trabeculectomy With the Trabectome as a Valuable Therapeutic Option for Failed Filtering Blebs
Authors: Wecker Thomas , Neuburger Matthias , Bryniok Laura , Bruder Kathrin , Luebke Jan , Anton Alexandra , Jordan Jens F. 
Published: August 2016

Purpose:
Uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP) after glaucoma filtration surgery is a challenging problem in the management of glaucoma patients. The Trabectome is a device for selective electroablation of the trabecular meshwork through a clear cornea incision without affecting the conjunctiva. Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery using the Trabectome is safe and effective as primary glaucoma surgery. Here we investigate the results of ab interno trabeculectomy with the Trabectome for IOP control in patients with a failed filtering bleb.

Methods:
A total of 60 eyes of 60 consecutive patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) or pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PXG) were enrolled in this single center observational study. Trabectome surgery was performed alone or in combination with phacoemulsification by 2 experienced surgeons. IOP readings and number of IOP lowering medication as primary outcome parameters were taken by an independent examiner. Intraoperative and postoperative medication were recorded systematically.

Results:
Mean IOP before surgery was 24.5±3.5 mm Hg and decreased to 15.7±3.4 (−36%) after mean follow-up of 415 days. The number of necessary IOP lowering medication dropped from 2.1±1.3 to 1.8±1.2 (14% reduction from baseline). A total of 25% (n=15) of cases reported here needed additional surgery after 517 days (range: 6 to 1563 d). No major complications were observed. After mean follow-up, we found a qualified success rate for PXG of 87% and 50% for POAG as revealed by the Kaplan-Meier analysis according to the definitions for success in advanced glaucoma cases according to the World Glaucoma Association (40% reduction from baseline IOP and maximum IOP of 15 mm Hg).

Discussion:
Trabectome surgery for uncontrolled IOP after trabeculectomy is safe and effective especially in PXG patients. Given the demanding subgroup of patients studied here, it is not surprising that success rates are lower compared with previous studies investigating the Trabectome for primary glaucoma surgery. The number of necessary IOP lowering medication drops at first, but seems to reach preoperative values after 20 months of follow-up. Trabectome surgery should be considered as a valuable escape procedure for patients with failed filtering blebs and uncontrolled IOP.
Corneal Densitometry: A New Technique for Objective Assessment of Corneal Clarity in Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome
Authors: Sekeroglu Mehmet A. , Anayol Mustafa A. , Gulec Makbule , Atalay Muhammed , Ozgul Yilmazoglu Meltem , Yilmazbas Pelin 
Published: August 2016

Purpose:
To evaluate the corneal clarity quantitatively by using corneal densitometry in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PES) and to compare the results with those of healthy control subjects.

Materials and Methods:
Corneal densitometry measurement of patients with bilateral PES and healthy control subjects was carried out by Scheimpflug corneal topography (PentacamHR). For densitometry analysis, the 12-mm diameter area of the cornea was subdivided into 4 concentric radial zones (0 to 2, 2 to 6, 6 to 10, 10 to 12 mm) and also into anterior, central, and posterior layers based on corneal depth. Corneal densitometry measurements were expressed in gray scale unit and only the data from the right eyes of subjects were used for statistical analysis.

Results:
A total of 176 patients [89 with PES (52 male, 37 female) and 87 healthy control subjects (52 male, 35 female)] were enrolled in the study. There was no significant difference between the mean corneal densitometry values at anterior 120 μm, central, and posterior 60 μm of the cornea in all concentric radial zones (P>0.05 for all). Corneal densitometry was positively correlated with age in both groups (r=0.558, P<0.001 in PES; r=0.584, P<0.001 in control group).

Conclusions:
Corneal densitometry that enables the objective assessment of corneal clarity was found to be similar in patients with bilateral PES and healthy control subjects. It is positively correlated with increasing age in both groups. However, microstructural changes that contribute to the corneal densitometry and the clinical relevance of these findings should be further highlighted in future studies.
Capnocytophaga canimorsus Meningitis in an Immunocompetent Woman
Authors: Delman Mark , Chalikonda Divya , Haroian Noah , Djurkovic Svetolik 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a fastidious, capnophilic, thin gram-negative rod that may cause zoonotic infections when patients are exposed to the oral flora of dogs, and rarely, cats. It can present as cellulitis, or less commonly, meningitis, but is particularly known to cause florid sepsis in immunocompromised hosts, most commonly asplenics, those with hematologic malignancies, or alcohol abusers. We report the case of a 70-year-old immunocompetent woman who presented with altered mental status and was diagnosed with C. canimorsus meningitis.
Fear of Cancer Recurrence and Its Impacts on Quality of Life in Family Caregivers of Patients With Head and Neck Cancers
Authors: Lin Ching-Rong , Chen Shu-Ching , Chang Joseph Tung-Chien , Fang Yuan-Yuan , Lai Yeur-Hur 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Background:
Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is a major concern for family caregivers (FCs) caring for patients with head and neck cancers (HNCs).

Purpose:
This study (a) investigated the FCR experience of HNC FCs, (b) compared the differences in the FCR levels of FCs while taking care of patients with different lengths of time since completing major treatments (posttreatment durations), and (c) examined the correlation between FCR and quality of life (QOL) in these FCs.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in the radiation outpatient department of a medical center in northern Taiwan. A set of questionnaires, including the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory-Caregiver version and the Medical Outcomes Short-Form Health Survey, and a background information form were employed. One-way analysis of variance was used to examine the differences in the FCR and QOL among groups of FCs taking care of patients with different posttreatment durations (typically concurrent chemoradiotherapy). Pearson’s correlation was used to identify the relationship between FCR and QOL.

Results:
Two hundred fifty FCs were recruited in this study. The FCs used several coping and reassurance strategies to address their FCR experiences. Those FCs who cared for patients with short posttreatment durations (3–6 and 6–12 months) showed significantly higher overall FCR levels and higher FCR severity levels than those who cared for patients with long posttreatment durations (more than 5 years). High FCR was negatively correlated with physical and mental QOL.

Conclusions/Implications for Practice:
The results suggest that FCs caring for patients with a relatively short posttreatment duration experience higher levels of FCR than those caring for patients with a longer posttreatment duration. In clinical settings, healthcare providers should use posttreatment duration as an indicator of risk of FCR in caregivers to address FCR and provide appropriate support. Future research should develop and examine interventions to help HNC FCs cope effectively with their FCR and improve their QOL.
Normograms for the Extrahepatic Bile Duct Diameter in Children
Authors: Feng Albert , O'hara Sara M. , Gupta Resmi , Fei Lin , Lin Tom K. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTObjective:The normal diameter of the extrahepatic bile duct (EHD) in children has been poorly studied. Prior studies have enrolled small subject numbers, have studied only specific pediatric age groups, or have potential bias due to loosely defined exclusion criteria. We sought to establish parameters for the normal diameter of the EHD in children from birth to late adolescence, including premature infants.Methods:A 12½‐month institutional review board−approved, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act‐compliant, retrospective chart review of all transabdominal ultrasounds performed on children (younger than 18 years) was conducted at a single pediatric tertiary referral center. Exclusion criteria included a past medical history of any pancreaticobiliary or hepatology disorder. New abnormal findings related to the liver, biliary system, or pancreas were also excluded. Recorded EHD measurements from review of the radiology reports were compiled. Estimated mean and 95% prediction intervals of EHD were calculated and reported for 6 nonoverlapping pediatric age groups.Results:A total of 1016 ultrasounds on unique patients were included within the study. Estimated mean values and calculated 95% prediction intervals (in parentheses) for the diameter of the EHD were prematurity, 0.7 (0.3–1.7) mm; 0 to 2 months, 1.0 (0.4–2.3) mm; 3 to 11 months, 1.2 (0.5–2.9) mm; 1 to 4 years, 1.4 (0.6–3.3) mm; 5 to 12 years, 1.9 (0.8–4.3) mm; 13 to 17 years, 2.3 (1.0–5.2) mm.Conclusions:Our derived data of normal predicted parameters of the EHD diameter in children of all age groups will help guide clinicians in identifying those patients outside the norm that may benefit from additional testing.
Insurance Among Young Adults With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Whitfield Emily , Adler Jeremy , Gebremariam Acham , Davis Matthew 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTBackground:A total of 20% to 30% of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) present before age 18 years, eventually requiring transfer to adult care. Vulnerability during transfer may be exacerbated by loss of insurance. A provision of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) allows young adults (YAs) to remain on parental private insurance through age 25 years. There has been a decrease in uninsured YAs since its implementation in 2010. Little is known about whether insurance coverage of YAs with IBD has been affected.Objective:The aim of the present study was to determine whether the proportion of uninsured YAs with IBD has changed following the implementation of extended dependent eligibility under the ACA.Methods:We conducted a cross‐sectional analysis of hospitalized patients with IBD, identified in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) using diagnostic codes, to estimate proportions of insurance coverage during the years 2006–2013. We compared 19 to 25 year olds to 2 to 18 and 26 to 35 year olds, unaffected by the provision, to account for underlying trends.Results:From 2006 to 2010, 19 to 25 year olds had the highest proportion of uninsured, peaking at 14.1% in 2010. In 2011, the proportion decreased to 10.1%, below the proportion of uninsured 26 to 35 year olds (13.1%), remaining in this range through 2013. Private coverage increased in 2011 for 19 to 25 year olds, remaining stable for 26 to 35 year olds.Discussion:Previous research cited 5% uninsured among all hospitalized patients with IBD. Our study indicates a higher proportion for YAs, decreasing after the ACA. Lack of insurance increases vulnerability during transfer but may be modifiable through policy change. Furthermore, research should analyze the effects of Medicaid expansion and health care exchanges.
Stroke in Acquired and Congenital Heart Disease Patients and Its Relationship to Hospital Mortality and Lasting Neurologic Deficits
Authors: Cheng Henry H. , Rajagopal Satish , McDavitt Erica , Wigmore Daniel , Williams Kathryn , Thiagarajan Ravi , Grant P. Ellen , Danehy Amy , Rivkin Michael J. 
Published: August 2016

Objective:
To describe strokes in patients with acquired or congenital heart disease and investigate risk factors for in-hospital mortality and ongoing neurologic deficits.

Design:
Single-center, retrospective review of cardiac, neurologic, and radiologic patient databases.

Setting:
Tertiary care children’s hospital.

Patients:
All patients with acquired or congenital heart disease admitted from January 2010 to October 2014 identified with stroke.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Eighty-four stroke events were identified in 83 patients (median age, 5.9 mo; interquartile range, 0.8–33.4). Thirty-two patients (38%) had single ventricle congenital heart disease. Eight patients (9%) presented with symptoms at home, and the remainder was diagnosed while already admitted to the hospital. Forty patients (48%) presented with clinically evident neurologic deficits (e.g., weakness, seizures). Fifty-eight patients (69%) had arterial ischemic strokes, and 13 (15%) had parenchymal hemorrhages. At diagnosis, 54 patients (64%) were on inotropes. Twenty-nine patients (35%) had greater than or equal to 3 cardiac procedures during their hospitalization before stroke diagnosis. In-hospital mortality occurred in 28 patients (33%). Under multivariate analysis, inotropes, number of cardiac procedures, lack of seizure, and parenchymal hemorrhage were independently associated with in-hospital mortality (p < 0.05). Fifty-four percent of survivors with neurologic follow-up had ongoing neurologic deficits attributable to strokes (median follow-up, 15.3 mo; interquartile range, 7.0–29.9). With multivariate analysis, longer hospital stay (p = 0.02) was independently associated with ongoing deficits.

Conclusions:
A majority of patients with acquired or congenital heart disease who suffer stroke present while hospitalized and without focal neurologic findings. In-hospital mortality is associated with inotropes, cardiac procedures, lack of seizure, and parenchymal hemorrhage. The majority of survivors have lasting neurologic deficits associated with longer hospital stay.
Assuring the quality of online teaching and learning: The case of Wawasan Open University
Authors: Kooi Liew Teik , Ping Teoh Ai 
Published: August 2016

The dynamic business environment and powerful market forces in the 21st century are challenging leaders at open universities to compete successfully in the national and global higher education stage. The notion of quality is becoming an important and overriding issue with the paradigm shift in the education landscape due to the rapid penetration of Internet usage. Open universities are experiencing pressure from numerous stakeholders to become more client-focused, particularly in their provision of technology-enhanced education to systematically support the learning experience of open distance learners. In the pursuit of establishing institutional and national/regional-based quality assurance practices, Asian open universities should pay particular attention to one of the key components within the overall QA framework; that is, the web-based teaching and learning on the online learning management system (LMS). The assurance of quality in the web-based teaching and learning component is vital to support the effective and efficient delivery of open and distance education within the blended approach adopted by many open universities.
In this study, the authors first examine the dimensions of quality assurance of key services that are closely associated with web-based education in the online LMS of Wawasan Open University (WOU). The authors then analyse the pattern of interactions in the LMS to determine the actual activities of learners in the web-based environment. By synthesising the findings, indicators that address diverse facets and components of quality relevant to web-based teaching and learning in the LMS are identified. The authors then discuss the application of the quality components within the overall QA framework in WOU to further enhance the quality of its web-based teaching and learning component. Assessment of learners' satisfaction in WOU is carried out to determine the effectiveness of the QA components in the LMS. The QA components identified in the web-based teaching and learning within the LMS are then recommended to Asian open universities for integration into their overall QA framework.
Reaching the unreached — IGNOU's interventions in Tihar Central Jail
Authors: Singh Kaushalendra Pratap 
Published: August 2016

According to the late Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, "Education is a liberating force, and in our age it is also a democratising force, cutting across the barriers of caste and class, smoothing out inequalities imposed by birth and other circumstances." In India, not all are able to avail opportunities for education due to various reasons including accessibility. In this regard, the Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) provides education to the disadvantaged and unreached learners (some of them living in special circumstances) to build an inclusive knowledge society through inclusive education.
One of the world's largest prisons is the Tihar Central Jail in New Delhi. It has about 12,000 prisoners accommodated in its 10 jails. There are over 530 prisoners enrolled in various programmes from certificate to postgraduate levels with IGNOU. The School of Social Work (SOSW) is facilitating a study centre of IGNOU in this prison. Faculty members, research scholars and students are visiting this Central Jail thrice a week to reach these learners living in special circumstances with educational programmes as well as counselling services through professional social work intervention. The university has also helped several former inmates to find jobs. The School of Social Work is also involved in extending counselling services to the inmates with regards to their personal matters.
This paper explores the extent of interventions being made by IGNOU for the inmates in Tihar Central Jail, for their education, emotional support, transformation and rehabilitation after serving their jail term.
Mentoring aspiring racialized leaders
Authors: Jack David , Lobovsky Robert 
Published: August 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the initial outcomes of a mentoring program designed to increase the advancement prospects of racialized teachers to vice principal positions within a Canadian school district.Design/methodology/approach– This program assessment documents evidence that challenges current school leadership paradigms rooted in western dominance and suggests new approaches to leadership informed by research on diversity, equity, and identity.Findings– Survey data from 32 participants (13 mentors and 19 mentees) from Canada’s second largest school district were analyzed thematically and showed that racialized mentees generally rated their satisfaction with the program lower than did mentors (both racialized and non-racialized), particularly as it relates to feelings of inclusion and in the program’s potential to influence the recruitment and advancement of racialized employees in the district.Research limitations/implications– The findings are limited to a single mentoring program for aspiring racialized leaders within a single, large school district but reinforce similar findings from research conducted in another large Canadian urban center, the USA and UK, and are of interest in other educational contexts where leaders from diverse backgrounds are underrepresented.Originality/value– The paper reinforces findings from the small number of studies on targeted leadership mentoring for specific populations. While the findings support the practice of mentoring for leaders, the authors challenge the culture-free leadership paradigm that permeates Western education literature and question its role as an underlying barrier for aspiring racialized leaders in schools.
Destructive entrepreneurship and the security context
Authors: Desai Sameeksha 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to deliver insight from the concept of destructive entrepreneurship to program design considerations in conflict regions.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper discusses and connects destructive entrepreneurship – an important yet largely unexplored question in the entrepreneurship literature – with security policy, related to evolving directions in the counterinsurgency literature and the traditional disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) literature.

Findings
– Counterinsurgency is increasingly the approach used by international and domestic policymakers when dealing with regional conflict, and DDR processes have been used for decades to transition former combatants into civilian life. Three broad considerations are particularly salient (timing/sequencing/phasing, benefits and beneficiaries, and measurement) for DDR programs in the counterinsurgency context.

Practical implications
– An incentives-based approach to understanding destructive entrepreneurship can provide useful insights for these two approaches and in particular, how they can be used together.

Originality/value
– This paper expands the current scope of understanding of destructive entrepreneurship to the previously unconnected security policy contexts related to counterinsurgency and DDR.
Application of statistical process control in service industry
Authors: Mirzaei Nima , Niroomand Sadegh , Zare Rahim 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
This study aims to apply statistical process control (SPC) techniques to improve the quality and efficiency of the processes in a restaurant.

Design/methodology/approach
SPC tools such as check sheet, cause-and-effect analysis, Pareto chart, control charts and SERVQUAL methodology is adapted to measure and improve the quality of the system.

Findings
At the end, some suggestions for improving the quality of service system are proposed in this study to complete the research.

Research limitations/implications
The most difficult part of this study was data collection. Because of the situation of the restaurant, the number of customers does not exceed 60 every day. Another limitation of this study is that the samples have been collected from the same population each day, and it may affect the final result.

Practical implications
The research is based on the present service system at a restaurant, located at a university campus in Cyprus.

Social implications
A similar study can be applied in the social sector to evaluate and improve service quality.

Originality/value
In this paper, for the first time, SPC and SERVQUAL are used to evaluate and improve quality in the service sector.
Developing a neuropsychological measurement to capture workplace learning
Authors: Lagrosen Yvonne , Travis Frederick 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
The purpose of the paper is to examine variables to be included in a measurement instrument which measures workplace learning related to recent research into quality management and brain functioning.

Design/methodology/approach
A literature review was conducted, investigating measures of workplace learning as well as the connections between brain functioning and management. Further studies will use the brain integration scale to compare levels of brain integration with measures of workplace learning.

Findings
The variables “empathy”, “presence and communication”, “continuity”, “influence”, “development”, “work-integrated learning” and “flow” were found to be relevant from the literature review to be tested for inclusion in the measurement instrument. A measurement model with these variables included has been developed.

Research limitations/implications
This paper is conceptual in its nature. Empirical studies are needed to validate the propositions.

Practical implications
The proposed measurement instrument can be used by managers to gain insight into underlying mechanisms in the organizational culture that influence employees’ learning and potential for development. Thus, it can aid managers to achieve profound learning in their organizations, which is necessary for continuously maintaining high quality of products and services.

Social implications
For society, the implementation of the proposed measurement instrument in companies could lead to better health and higher job satisfaction among employees.

Originality/value
Traditional ways of measuring working environment are rarely connected to brain functioning of the employees. Only requiring small resources, this approach adds to an understanding of underlying mechanisms.