bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of Decision Rules for Transcutaneous Bilirubin Measurements
Authors: Taylor James A. , Burgos Anthony E. , Flaherman Valerie , Chung Esther K. , Simpson Elizabeth A. , Goyal Neera K. , Von Kohorn Isabelle , Dhepyasuwan Niramol ,   on behalf of the BORN Investigators
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND:
Transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) meters are widely used for screening newborns for jaundice, with a total serum bilirubin (TSB) measurement indicated when the TcB value is classified as “positive” by using a decision rule. The goal of our study was to assess the clinical utility of 3 recommended TcB screening decision rules.

METHODS:
Paired TcB/TSB measurements were collected at 34 newborn nursery sites. At 27 sites (sample 1), newborns were routinely screened with a TcB measurement. For sample 2, sites that typically screen with TSB levels also obtained a TcB measurement for the study. Three decision rules to define a positive TcB measurement were evaluated: ≥75th percentile on the Bhutani nomogram, 70% of the phototherapy level, and within 3 mg/dL of the phototherapy threshold. The primary outcome was a TSB level at/above the phototherapy threshold. The rate of false-negative TcB screens and percentage of blood draws avoided were calculated for each decision rule.

RESULTS:
For sample 1, data were analyzed on 911 paired TcB-TSB measurements from a total of 8316 TcB measurements. False-negative rates were &lt;10% with all decision rules; none identified all 31 newborns with a TSB level at/above the phototherapy threshold. The percentage of blood draws avoided ranged from 79.4% to 90.7%. In sample 2, each rule correctly identified all 8 newborns with TSB levels at/above the phototherapy threshold.

CONCLUSIONS:
Although all of the decision rules can be used effectively to screen newborns for jaundice, each will “miss” some infants with a TSB level at/above the phototherapy threshold.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ МІКРОФЛОРИ УРОГЕНІТАЛЬНОГО ТРАКТУ ЖІНОК ДНПРОПЕТРОВСЬКІЙ ОБЛАСТІ ЗА ДОПОМОГОЮ МЕТОДУ ПОЛІМЕРАЗНО-ЛАНЦЮГОВОЇ РЕАКЦІЇ
Authors: Honcharova S. Yu. , Golodok L. P. , Khlopova O. V. 
Published: April 2016

<p>We isolated and identified the pathogens from the urogenital tract in 100 women of 26-55 years in Diagnostic Center of Dnepropetrovsk Medical Academy by polymerase chain reaction. It was found that all investigated microflora was represented by HPV of high and low cancer risk - HSV type 1+2, <em>Ureaplasma</em><em> </em><em>urealyticum</em>, <em>Chlamydia</em><em> </em><em>trachomatis</em>, <em>Trichomonas</em><em> </em><em>vaginalis</em>,<em> </em><em>Mycoplasma hominis,</em><em> </em>and<em> </em><em>Candida</em> yeast species. The most abundant pathogens from the urogenital tract were HPV, <em>Ureaplasma</em><em> </em><em>urealyticum,</em> and<em> </em><em>Chlamydia</em><em> </em><em>trachomatis</em><em>.</em></p> <p><em>Key words: pcr in endpoint, urogenital tract, identification, dysbiosis, biota. </em></p>
Clarification of two taxon names of Phragmipedium (Orchidaceae, Cypripedioideae)
Authors: Mó Edgar , Pérez-García Eduardo A. , Cetzal-Ix William 
Published: April 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Two subspecies of </span><span>Phragmipedium humboldtii </span><span>from Guatemala, </span><span>P. humboldtii </span><span>subsp. </span><span>monstruosum </span><span>and </span><span>P. humboldtii </span><span>subsp. </span><span>triandrum </span><span>(Orchidaceae, Cypripedioideae) were wrong published in Die Orchidee 66(3), 2015, since the new status of these subspecies are based on an incorrect name for the authorship of </span><span>P. humboldtii </span><span>(Warsz. ex Rchb.f.) J.T. Atwood &amp; Dressler instead of </span><span>P. humboldtii </span><span>(Warsz.) J.T. Atwood &amp; Dressler. The formal names of the subspecies are corrected here. </span></p></div></div></div>
Análise da influência da variação das superfícies refletoras na disponibilidade de iluminação natural no ambiente interno na extensão de sua profundidade
Authors: Laranja Andrea Coelho , Ferreira Nathalia Simonetti , De Alvarez Cristina Engel 
Published: April 2016

O estudo parte da hipótese de que a disponibilidade da luz natural no ambiente interno sofre influencias das características das superfícies refletoras internas. O objetivo é investigar o comportamento da curva isolux de um ambiente interno em função da variação de suas superfícies refletoras. A análise do ambiente em estudo é realizada por meio da construção de curvas isolux em pontos específicos do ambiente, e dos percentuais de horas em função dos intervalos das UDI (Useful Daylight Illuminance), em horários e dias do ano pré-estabelecidos. Os valores utilizados para a construção da curva isolux são gerados através das simulações do software TropLux, num ambiente de geometria retangular com abertura voltada para a orientação Norte, na cidade de Vitória (latitude 20° 19' S), utilizando céus padrões da CIE (Commission Internationale L´aclairage). Os resultados mostram que para o Céu 3, a variação das características de reflexão das superfícies refletoras internas contribuem com insignificantes aumentos na média anual de Iluminância interna. Para o Céu 7, a variação das características de reflexão das superfícies refletoras da parede e piso contribuem para pequenos aumentos na média anual de Iluminância interna no ponto 2 (1,0 m da abertura). Para o Céu 12, a variação das características de reflexão das superfícies refletoras do teto, parede e piso contribuem para pequenos aumentos na média anual de Iluminância interna somente nos pontos mais próximos da abertura, onde as superfícies refletoras do piso e teto tem contribuição mais relevante até o ponto 3(1,5 m da abertura), e a parede tem contribuição relevante somente no ponto 2 (1,0 m da abertura). Palavras-chave:, , , l.
The Household Food Security of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs): An Applied Study on Abushock IDPs Camp, North Darfur State- Sudan
Authors: Sabbil Adam Ahmed Soliman , Sheriff Maha A. , Abdulrahman Badreldin Mohamed Ahmed 
Published: April 2016

<p>This research examined the Household food security of the internally displaced persons in Abou Shock IDPs Camp, North Darfur State – Western Sudan. Data were obtained from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data were obtained from a total 140 of respondents who were selected using multi-stage, stratified sampling technique. Secondary data were obtained from published materials like journals, books and other relevant materials. Data were analyzed using a set of statistical tools such as percentage and frequency tables. Additionally, the Chi-Square technique was used to test whether there is a significant difference or not with respect to be food secured or non-secured and the following socio- demographic and economic variables relating to household head: sex, marital status, family size the educational level, food relief received by household, the number of IDP household members earning money and the number of domestic animals the IDP household owned. The results achieved revealed that %47.8 of the IDP households consumed less than adequate food. Further, the IDPs household food security status in the study area was determined by food relief received by household; the family size; the household ownership of domestic animals, and the number of household members earning money. Accordingly, to increase food consumption at the IDPs households, emphasis must be placed on creating employment opportunities that will increase the number of paid workers among its members, enabling them to possess small domestic animals such as goats, sheep, and poultry either through revolving fund or direct free of charge support.</p>
Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of the Simpliciti Canal-Sparing Shoulder Arthroplasty System
Authors: Churchill R. Sean , Chuinard Christopher , Wiater J. Michael , Friedman Richard , Freehill Michael , Jacobson Scott , Spencer Edwin , Holloway G. Brian , Wittstein Jocelyn , Lassiter Tally , Smith Matthew , Blaine Theodore , Nicholson Gregory P. 
Published: April 2016

Background:
Stemmed humeral components have been used since the 1950s; canal-sparing (also known as stemless) humeral components became commercially available in Europe in 2004. The Simpliciti total shoulder system (Wright Medical, formerly Tornier) is a press-fit, porous-coated, canal-sparing humeral implant that relies on metaphyseal fixation only. This prospective, single-arm, multicenter study was performed to evaluate the two-year clinical and radiographic results of the Simpliciti prosthesis in the U.S.

Methods:
One hundred and fifty-seven patients with glenohumeral arthritis were enrolled at fourteen U.S. sites between July 2011 and November 2012 in a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Investigational Device Exemption (IDE)-approved protocol. Their range of motion, strength, pain level, Constant score, Simple Shoulder Test (SST) score, and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score were compared between the preoperative and two-year postoperative evaluations. Statistical analyses were performed with the Student t test with 95% confidence intervals. Radiographic evaluation was performed at two weeks and one and two years postoperatively.

Results:
One hundred and forty-nine of the 157 patients were followed for a minimum of two years. The mean age and sex-adjusted Constant, SST, and ASES scores improved from 56% preoperatively to 104% at two years (p < 0.0001), from 4 points preoperatively to 11 points at two years (p < 0.0001), and from 38 points preoperatively to 92 points at two years (p < 0.0001), respectively. The mean forward elevation improved from 103° ± 27° to 147° ± 24° (p < 0.0001) and the mean external rotation, from 31° ± 20° to 56° ± 15° (p < 0.0001). The mean strength in elevation, as recorded with a dynamometer, improved from 12.5 to 15.7 lb (5.7 to 7.1 kg) (p < 0.0001), and the mean pain level, as measured with a visual analog scale, decreased from 5.9 to 0.5 (p < 0.0001). There were three postoperative complications that resulted in revision surgery: infection, glenoid component loosening, and failure of a subscapularis repair. There was no evidence of migration, subsidence, osteolysis, or loosening of the humeral components or surviving glenoid components.

Conclusions:
The study demonstrated good results at a minimum of two years following use of the Simpliciti canal-sparing humeral component. Clinical results including the range of motion and the Constant, SST, and ASES scores improved significantly, and radiographic analysis showed no signs of loosening, osteolysis, or subsidence of the humeral components or surviving glenoid components.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Competing Risk of Death When Comparing Tibial Implant Types in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Maradit Kremers Hilal , Kremers Walter K. , Sierra Rafael J. , Lewallen David G. , Berry Daniel J. 
Published: April 2016

Background:
In the presence of a competing risk of death, the Kaplan-Meier method is known to overestimate the probability of implant failure. To our knowledge, the magnitude of the competing risk of death in survivorship analyses in total knee arthroplasty has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of the competing risk of death in different age groups during a long-term follow-up of patients who had undergone primary total knee arthroplasty.

Methods:
The study population comprised 22,864 primary total knee arthroplasties at a large medical center in the United States. We compared the overall revision outcomes estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and the cumulative incidence function over a mean follow-up of 7.8 years (range, 0.1 to 26.3 years).

Results:
The risk of death exceeded the risk of revision by a factor of 4 at twelve years following the surgical procedure. The Kaplan-Meier method overestimated the risk of revision by 3% at five years, 14% at ten years, 32% at fifteen years, and 57% at twenty years. At ten years after the surgical procedure, the risk of death exceeded the risk of revision by a factor of 15 in the all-polyethylene group and by a factor of 3.5 in the metal modular group. The Kaplan-Meier method overestimated the ten-year risk of revision by 18% in the all-polyethylene group and by 11% in the metal modular group. After accounting for the higher competing risk of death in the all-polyethylene group, the cumulative incidence of revision in the metal modular group was about 2.5 to three times higher than that in the all-polyethylene group at ten years.

Conclusions:
Although the Kaplan-Meier and cumulative incidence methods yielded different implant survival estimates beyond ten years (Kaplan-Meier overestimates implant failure), the size of the bias was small at earlier time points. The extent of overestimation depends on the duration of follow-up and the magnitude of the competing risk of death.

Clinical Relevance:
This study examines the clinical relevance of the competing risk of death in total knee arthroplasty.
Sacral Bone Mass Distribution Assessed by Averaged Three-Dimensional CT Models
Authors: Wagner Daniel , Kamer Lukas , Sawaguchi Takeshi , Richards R. Geoff , Noser Hansrudi , Rommens Pol M. 
Published: April 2016

Background:
Fragility fractures of the sacrum are increasing in prevalence due to osteoporosis and epidemiological changes and are challenging in their treatment. They exhibit specific fracture patterns with unilateral or bilateral fractures lateral to the sacral foramina, and sometimes an additional transverse fracture leads to spinopelvic dissociation. The goal of this study was to assess sacral bone mass distribution and corresponding changes with decreased general bone mass.

Methods:
Clinical computed tomography (CT) scans of intact pelves in ninety-one individuals (mean age and standard deviation, 61.5 ± 11.3 years) were used to generate three-dimensional (3D) models of the sacrum averaging bone mass in Hounsfield units (HU). Individuals with decreased general bone mass were identified by measuring bone mass in L5 (group 1 with <100 HU; in contrast to group 2 with ≥100 HU).

Results:
In group 1, a large zone of negative Hounsfield units was located in the paraforaminal lateral region from S1 to S3. Along the trans-sacral corridors, a Hounsfield unit peak was observed laterally, corresponding to cortical bone of the auricular surface. The lowest Hounsfield unit values were found in the paraforaminal lateral region in the sacral ala. An intermediate level of bone mass was observed in the area of the vertebral bodies, which also demonstrated the largest difference between groups 1 and 2. Overall, the Hounsfield units were lower at S2 than S1.

Conclusions:
The models of averaged bone mass in the sacrum revealed a distinct 3D distribution pattern.

Clinical Relevance:
The negative values in the paraforaminal lateral region may explain the specific fracture patterns in fragility fractures of the sacrum involving the lateral areas of the sacrum. Transverse fractures located between S1 and S2 leading to spinopelvic dissociation may occur because of decreased bone mass in S2. The largest difference between the studied groups was found in the vertebral bodies and might support the use of transsacral or cement-augmented implants.
Patellar Resurfacing
Authors: Etchebehere Mauricio , Lin Patrick P. , Bird Justin E. , Satcher Robert L. , Moon Bryan S. , Yu Jun , Li Liang , Lewis Valerae O. 
Published: April 2016

Background:
Patellar resurfacing after routine arthroplasty remains controversial. Few studies have specifically examined the effect of patellar resurfacing on outcomes after resection of the distal part of the femur and reconstruction with a megaprosthesis. Our objective was to compare the outcomes of megaprosthesis reconstructions of the distal part of the femur with and without patellar resurfacing after resection of a distal femoral tumor.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of patients with a femoral tumor who underwent resection of the distal part of the femur and endoprosthetic reconstruction between 1993 and 2013. We excluded patients who had had extra-articular knee resection, patellectomy, revision, reconstruction with an expandable prosthesis, or a proximal tibial replacement associated with the distal femoral replacement. We compared demographic characteristics, surgical variables, anterior knee pain, range of motion, extensor lag, Insall-Salvati ratio, Insall-Salvati patellar tendon insertion ratio, impingement, patellar degenerative disease, additional patellar procedures, complications, and Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score between the patellar resurfacing and nonresurfacing groups.

Results:
One hundred and eight patients—sixty without patellar resurfacing and forty-eight with patellar resurfacing—were included in the study. The mean age was 33.9 years (range, twelve to seventy-five years). There were fifty-four men and fifty-four women. The mean duration of follow-up was 4.5 years (range, 0.7 to twenty years). There was no significant difference in anterior knee pain between the groups (p = 0.51). Anterior knee pain did not significantly affect the range of motion, extensor lag, or reoperation or complication rate. Patellar degenerative disease occurred in 48% of the nonresurfaced knees but was not associated with focal pain. Complication rates were similar in the two groups, although peripatellar calcifications were significantly more common in the resurfacing group (19% versus 2%; p = 0.005). There was no significant difference in the mean MSTS score between the nonresurfacing (81%) and resurfacing (71%) groups (p = 0.34).

Conclusions:
There were no differences in anterior knee pain, range of motion, extensor lag, or MSTS score between the patients with and those without patellar resurfacing. There were no cases of patellar component loosening or revision. In light of the similar outcomes in the two groups, the decision to resurface should be left up to the individual surgeon, who should take into account preoperative peripatellar pain and the status of the patella at the time of resection.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Plant uptake of diclofenac in a mesocosm-scale free water surface constructed wetland by Cyperus alternifolius
Authors: Zhai Jun , Rahaman Md. Hasibur , Ji Jiucui , Luo Zhiyoung , Wang Quanfeng , Xiao Haiwen , Wang Kunping 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This study aimed to assess the uptake of diclofenac, a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory pharmaceutical, by a macrophyte Cyperus alternifolius in a mesocosm-scale free water surface (FWS) constructed wetland. Quantitative analysis of diclofenac concentrations in water solution and plant tissues was conducted by high performance liquid chromatography analysis after sample pre-treatment with solid-phase extraction and liquid extraction, respectively. The FWS with Cyperus alternifolius obtained a maximum 69.3% diclofenac removal efficiency, while a control system without plant only had a removal efficiency of 2.7% at the end of the experiment period of 70 days. Based on mass balance study of the experimental system, it was estimated that plant uptake and in-plant conversion of diclofenac contributed about 21.4% of the total diclofenac removal in the mesocosm while the remaining 78.6% diclofenac was eliminated through biotic and abiotic conversion of diclofenac in the water phase. Diclofenac on the root surface and in roots, stems and leaves of Cyperus alternifolius was found at the concentrations of 0.15–2.59 μg/g, 0.21–2.66 μg/g, 0.06–0.53 μg/g, and 0.005–0.02 μg/g of fresh weight of plant tissues, respectively. The maximum bioaccumulation factor of diclofenac was calculated in roots (21.04) followed by root surface (20.49), stems (4.19), and leaves (0.16), respectively. Diclofenac translocation potentiality from root to stem was found below 0.5, suggesting a slow and passive translocation process of diclofenac. Current study demonstrated high potential of Cyperus alternifolius for phytoremediation of diclofenac in FWS and can be applied in other engineered ecosystems.
The use of reactive material for limiting P-leaching from green roof substrate
Authors: Bus Agnieszka , Karczmarczyk Agnieszka , Baryła Anna 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The aim of the study is to assess the influence of drainage layer made of reactive material Polonite® on the water retention and P-PO4 concentration in runoff. A column experiment was performed for extensive substrate underlined by 2 cm of Polonite® layer (SP) and the same substrate without supporting layer as a reference (S). The leakage phosphorus concentration ranged from 0.001 to 0.082 mg P-PO4·L−1, with average value 0.025 P-PO4·L−1 of S experiment and 0.000–0.004 P-PO4·L−1 and 0.001 P-PO4·L−1 of SP experiment, respectively. The 2 cm layer of Polonite® was efficient in reducing P outflow from green roof substrate by 96%. The average effluent volumes from S and SP experiments amounted 61.1 mL (5.8–543.3 mL) and 46.4 mL (3.3–473.3 mL) with the average irrigation rate of 175.5 mL (6.3–758.0 mL). The substrate retention ability of S and SP experiments was 65% and 74%, respectively. Provided with reactive materials, green roof layers implemented in urban areas for rain water retention and delaying runoff also work for protection of water quality.
Surface Preserving Targeted Preparation using Focused Ion Beam Demonstrated by the Example of Oxide layers on Ni-Ti Alloys
Authors: Freiberg K. E. , Hanke R. , Rettenmayr M. , Undisz A. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The use of focused ion beams, whilst permitting the targetted preparation of thin specimens for Transmission Electron Microscopy, also results in modification of the material to be investigated as a result of energy being transferred into the material. This undesirable effect is normally limited to the surface of the material, which is particularly unfavourably orientated towards the impinging ion beam. If the crystal structure and composition of areas close to the surface of such specimens need to be characterised, protective layers may be used. However, those layers, depending on the applied deposition technique, may interact with the sample surface as well thus affecting the results of the analysis. In the work presented here, the possible interactions which might occur between the various protective coatings of ion-beam deposited Platinum, electron beam deposited Platinum, Silicon Oxide or adhesively bonded Gold foil and the subsequent FIB-preparation of the oxide layers on Ni-Ti alloys are investigated, with respect to and how these might affect the TEM-images obtained of areas close to the surface of such specimens. It is shown that the use of adhesively bonded Gold foil as a protective coating, in particular, permits comprehensive characterisation of the surface, including the use of high-resolution TEM, to be carried out, up to the surface of the Oxide layer itself.