bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vivre sa passion. Quand les sportifs deviennent entrepreneurs et les entrepreneurs se mettent au sport
Authors: Dubois Fanny , Terral Philippe 
Published: May 2016

Résumé Depuis une enquête par questionnaires et entretiens biographiques sur les petites entreprises de tourisme sportif de pleine nature d'un département rural du centre de la France, nous considérons deux types de carrières entrepreneuriales : des sportifs devenant entrepreneurs, et des entrepreneurs, qui, par goût du sport, investissent ce secteur. Dans le premier cas, la dynamique entrepreneuriale est principalement marquée par une socialisation sportive associative. La création de l'entreprise n'est pas un projet ancien mais se présente souvent comme une perspective professionnelle nécessaire à laquelle les sportifs sont plus ou moins préparés. Le second profil révèle des techniques de commercialisation plus abouties et des carrières plus fluides. L'analyse se centre également sur la façon dont ces professionnels parviennent à concilier cultures sportives et activités lucratives et à se coordonner avec plus ou moins de difficultés sur le territoire étudié.
Une réforme systémique de la formation professionnelle
Authors: Symela Krzysztof 
Published: May 2016

En Pologne, un enseignement professionnel de qualité est une priorité politique. L’article décrit les principaux changements survenus dans le système de la formation professionnelle initiale depuis 2012. La réforme a démarré par l’identification, pour chaque métier, des qualifications comprenant les connaissances, les savoir-faire et les compétences personnelles et sociales, indiquées dans le socle de programmes de formation aux métiers, en conformité avec la classification des métiers de l’enseignement professionnel et le cadre des qualifications polonais. La segmentation des métiers en qualifications et la collaboration des établissements d’enseignement professionnel avec les employeurs sont essentielles pour améliorer la qualité de la formation professionnelle initiale et la rapprocher d’un marché du travail en constant changement.
Tbet or Continued RORγt Expression Is Not Required for Th17-Associated Immunopathology
Authors: Brucklacher-Waldert Verena , Ferreira Cristina , Innocentin Silvia , Kamdar Shraddha , Withers David R. , Kullberg Marika C. , Veldhoen Marc 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The discovery of Th17 cell plasticity, in which CD4+ IL-17–producing Th17 cells give rise to IL-17/IFN-γ double-producing cells and Th1-like IFNγ+ ex-Th17 lymphocytes, has raised questions regarding which of these cell types contribute to immunopathology during inflammatory diseases. In this study, we show using Helicobacter hepaticus-induced intestinal inflammation that IL-17ACre– or Rag1Cre-mediated deletion of Tbx21 has no effect on the generation of IL-17/IFN-γ double-producing cells, but leads to a marked absence of Th1-like IFNγ+ ex-Th17 cells. Despite the lack of Th1-like ex-Th17 cells, the degree of H. hepaticus-triggered intestinal inflammation in mice in which Tbx21 was excised in IL-17–producing or Rag1-expressing cells is indistinguishable from that observed in control mice. In stark contrast, using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, we show that IL-17ACre–mediated deletion of Tbx21 prevents the conversion of Th17 cells to IL-17A/IFN-γ double-producing cells as well as Th1-like IFN-γ+ ex-Th17 cells. However, IL-17ACre–mediated deletion of Tbx21 has only limited effects on disease course in this model and is not compensated by Ag-specific Th1 cells. IL-17ACre–mediated deletion of Rorc reveals that RORγt is essential for the maintenance of the Th17 cell lineage, but not immunopathology during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. These results show that neither the single Th17 subset, nor its progeny, is solely responsible for immunopathology or autoimmunity.
Transorbital sonographic evaluation of normal optic nerve sheath diameter in healthy Nepalese adults
Authors: Shrestha Gentle 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Background: Sonographic evaluation of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) is increasingly being used as a non-invasive technique for detecting raised intracranial pressure. Aims: The aim of this study is to find out the normal ONSD in healthy Nepalese adults. Settings and Design: It is a cross-sectional observational study. Subjects and Methods: ONSD was measured 3 mm behind the globe using 6–13 MHz linear probe. Subjects were examined in the supine position with their eyes closed and in neutral position. Transducer was placed horizontally and in each eye, an average of three readings were documented. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were represented as mean and standard deviation. Paired t-test was used to compare ONSD between the right and left eye. Independent t-test was used to compare ONSD between males and females. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to assess the correlation between age and ONSD. Results: Eighty-eight healthy subjects above 18 years of age were enrolled in the study. The median ONSD was 4.1 mm with 95% of subjects in the range of 3.1–4.6 mm. There was no significant difference in ONSD measurement between males and females (P = 0.09) and between the right and left eye (P = 0.72). There was no relationship between ONSD and age ( R2=0.06, P = 0.55). Conclusions: The range for normal ONSD in healthy adult Nepalese subjects is 3.1–4.6 mm with no significant relationship with gender, age and side of the body.
Tropical cyclone perceptions, impacts and adaptation in the Southwest Pacific: an urban perspective from Fiji, Vanuatu and Tonga
Authors: Magee Andrew D. , Verdon-Kidd Danielle C. , Kiem Anthony S. , Royle Stephen A. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. The destruction caused by tropical cyclone (TC) Pam in March 2015 is considered one of the worst natural disasters in the history of Vanuatu. It has highlighted the need for a better understanding of TC impacts and adaptation in the Southwest Pacific (SWP) region. Therefore, the key aims of this study are to (i) understand local perceptions of TC activity, (ii) investigate impacts of TC activity and (iii) uncover adaptation strategies used to offset the impacts of TCs. To address these aims, a survey (with 130 participants from urban areas) was conducted across three SWP small island states (SISs): Fiji, Vanuatu and Tonga (FVT). It was found that respondents generally had a high level of risk perception and awareness of TCs and the associated physical impacts, but lacked an understanding of the underlying weather conditions. Responses highlighted that current methods of adaptation generally occur at the local level, immediately prior to a TC event (preparation of property, gathering of food, finding a safe place to shelter). However higher level adaptation measures (such as the modification to building structures) may reduce vulnerability further. Finally, we discuss the potential of utilising weather-related traditional knowledge and non-traditional knowledge of empirical and climate-model-based weather forecasts to improve TC outlooks, which would ultimately reduce vulnerability and increase adaptive capacity. Importantly, lessons learned from this study may result in the modification and/or development of existing adaptation strategies.
Natural streamflow simulation for two largest river basins in Poland: a baseline for identification of flow alterations
Authors: Piniewski Mikołaj 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. The objective of this study was to apply a previously developed large-scale and high-resolution SWAT model of the Vistula and the Odra basins, calibrated with the focus of natural flow simulation, in order to assess the impact of three different dam reservoirs on streamflow using the Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA). A tailored spatial calibration approach was designed, in which calibration was focused on a large set of relatively small non-nested sub-catchments with semi-natural flow regime. These were classified into calibration clusters based on the flow statistics similarity. After performing calibration and validation that gave overall positive results, the calibrated parameter values were transferred to the remaining part of the basins using an approach based on hydrological similarity of donor and target catchments. The calibrated model was applied in three case studies with the purpose of assessing the effect of dam reservoirs (Włocławek, Siemianówka and Czorsztyn Reservoirs) on streamflow alteration. Both the assessment based on gauged streamflow (Before-After design) and the one based on simulated natural streamflow showed large alterations in selected flow statistics related to magnitude, duration, high and low flow pulses and rate of change. Some benefits of using a large-scale and high-resolution hydrological model for the assessment of streamflow alteration include: (1) providing an alternative or complementary approach to the classical Before-After designs, (2) isolating the climate variability effect from the dam (or any other source of alteration) effect, (3) providing a practical tool that can be applied at a range of spatial scales over large area such as a country, in a uniform way. Thus, presented approach can be applied for designing more natural flow regimes, which is crucial for river and floodplain ecosystem restoration in the context of the European Union's policy on environmental flows.
Towards an optimal integrated reservoir system management for the Awash River Basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Müller Ruben , Gebretsadik Henok Y. , Schütze Niels 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Recently, the Kessem–Tendaho project is completed to bring about socioeconomic development and growth in the Awash River Basin, Ethiopia. To support reservoir Koka, two new reservoirs where built together with extensive infrastructure for new irrigation projects. For best possible socioeconomic benefits under conflicting management goals, like energy production at three hydropower stations and basin wide water supply at various sites, an integrated reservoir system management is required. To satisfy the multi-purpose nature of the reservoir system, multi-objective parameterization-simulation-optimization model is applied. Different Pareto-optimal trade-off solutions between water supply and hydro-power generation are provided for two scenarios (i) recent conditions and (ii) future planned increases for Tendaho and Upper Awash Irrigation projects. Reservoir performance is further assessed under (i) rule curves with a high degree of freedom – this allows for best performance, but may result in rules curves to variable for real word operation and (ii) smooth rule curves, obtained by artificial neuronal networks. The results show no performance penalty for smooth rule curves under future conditions but a notable penalty under recent conditions.
The Relationship between Phonemic Segmentation Skill and EFL Word Recognition - A Review of Literature
Authors: Alhumsi Mohammad Husam , Affendi Ahmad 
Published: May 2016

<p>Beginning readers apparently face difficulties when they are to learn English language skills, particularly reading skill. This research paper reviews the literature regarding the relationship between the skill of phonemic segmentation and EFL word recognition. It addresses three main issues: the position of phonemic segmentation skill in literature, the relation between phonological awareness and ability to read, and the skill of word recognition and learning to read. The aim of this paper is to precisely explore the nature of the relation of phonemic segmentation skill and beginning readers’ word recognition. The leading research question for this paper is: What is the relationship between the skill of phonemic segmentation and beginning readers’ EFL word recognition? To answer the research question, the researcher will review literature to explore that relation. The researcher will conclude that the relationship between the skill of phonemic segmentation and word recognition has received substantial concern in literature. It has significant effects on learning to read as well. Calls for implications, recommendations and intervention programs will be presented accordingly. </p>
Nederlands burgerschap op basis van een ‘sexuliere’ identiteit
Authors: Wagenvoorde Renée 
Published: May 2016

Dutch citizenship based on ‘sexular’ identity. The exclusionary effects of Dutch integration policies
This article argues that the increasingly negative attitude towards religion in Dutch society correlates with how the government understands the notion of citizenship. While citizenship used to be understood in a broad and liberal sense, the interpretation of the notion has been narrowed down. Nowadays, citizenship is understood in a cultural-nationalist way, with an emphasis on progressive values, especially concerning sexual-ethical themes. The article shows that the focus on a ‘sexular’ identity as characteristic of good citizenship carries important implications for dealing with religion and religious orthodoxy. A multi-dimensional interpretation of citizenship offers alternatives for an inclusive society
Bekering als asielmotief
Authors: Haar Kezia , Douma Gieneke 
Published: May 2016

Claimed conversion in an asylum procedure
A foreign national can be granted asylum if he has made it plausible that he is persecuted in his country for reasons related to religion. In order to make his asylum motives plausible, an applicant must declare consistently and coherently. There cannot be any doubt as to his identity or his asylum motives. A claimed convert has to declare convincingly about his conversion and has to demonstrate a broad knowledge of his Faith. Often, pastors and churches write testimonies stating the conversion is genuine. These letters are important, but never a decisive factor.
The contributions of the three-dimensional cartography for geomorphologic studies in small watersheds of the Chapada Diamantina, Brazil
Authors: Silva Kaique Brito , Rego Neylor Alves Calasans , Mattos Jonatas Batista , Santos José Wildes Barbosa 
Published: May 2016

This research is mainly aimed to identify the geological and geomorphological structure of watersheds that influence some of the processes of hydrology, from a 3D model, created with tweens numerical terrain models and satellite images. The study area represented located in Northeastern Brazil, state of Bahia, municipality of Lençóis and makes reference to three watersheds. The creation of the model was based on the manipulation of altimetry data from of images orbital’s interferometric the Topodata and SRTM projects, with the support of the images QuickBird, plus some field campaigns of investigation and use of the Navigation System and Global positioning (GPS - GNSS).In possession of these data ,have been applied specific techniques of remote sensing and geoprocessing in GIS with ArcGIS 10.1 software. With the use of geostatistics tools, using filters and optimal arrangement of spectral bands was possible to extract a greater number of information physical and environmental and propose a three-dimensional model that simulates the shapes of the land in a watershed. The results show that with the modeling three-dimensional was possible to identify with a good accuracy level, the slope, types of topographic compartments, structural geology of faults through lineaments and deformation and the dynamics of runoff and infiltration the hydrographic system. With such a model is also evident in the intense correlation structural geology, compartments and hydrological processes.
Direct digital manufacturing of autonomous centrifugal microfluidic device
Authors: Ukita Yoshiaki , Takamura Yuzuru , Utsumi Yuichi 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This paper presents strategies that attempt to solve two key problems facing the commercialization of microfluidics: cost reduction in microfluidic chip manufacturing and microfluidic device driver development. To reduce the cost of microfluidic chip manufacturing, we propose to use of three-dimensional (3D) printers for direct digital manufacturing (DDM). An evaluation of 3D micro-scale structure printing using several 3D printers is reported, and some of the technical issues to be addressed in the future are suggested. To evaluate micro-scale printing, three types of 3D printers, with the ability to print structures on the scale of several hundred meters, were selected by first screening six 3D printers. Line and space patterns with line widths of 100–500 µm and an aspect ratio of one were printed and evaluated. The estimated critical dimension was around 200 µm. The manufacturing of a monolithic microfluidic chip with embedded channels was also demonstrated. Monolithic microfluidic chips with embedded microchannels having 500 × 500 and 250 × 250 µm2 cross sections and 2–20 mm lengths were printed, and the fidelity of the channel shape, residual supporting material, and flow of liquid water were evaluated. The liquid flow evaluation showed that liquid water could flow through all of the microchannels with the 500 × 500 µm2 cross section, whereas this was not possible through some of the channels with the 250 × 250 µm2 cross section because of the residual resin or supporting material. To reduce the device-driver cost, we propose to use of the centrifugal microfluidic concept. An autonomous microfluidic device that could implement sequential flow control under a steadily rotating condition was printed. Four-step flow injection under a steadily rotating condition at 1500 rpm was successfully demonstrated without any external triggering such as changing the rotational speed.
Neighborhood Child Opportunity and Preterm Birth Rates by Race and Ethnicity
Authors: Belanoff Candice , Black Adriana , Ncube Collette N. , Acevedo-Garcia Dolores , Almeida Joanna 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceIn the US, infants born to non-Hispanic Black birthing parents are 50% more likely to be born preterm than those born to non-Hispanic White birthing parents, and individual-level factors do not fully account for this inequity. Neighborhood context, rooted in historic patterns of structural racism, may facilitate understanding patterns of inequity in preterm birth.ObjectiveTo estimate the association between neighborhood opportunity level, measured by the Child Opportunity Index (COI), and preterm birth among infants in Massachusetts.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cross-sectional, population-based study, Massachusetts birth certificates from 3 large metropolitan areas (Boston, Springfield, and Worcester) were linked to US Census tract–level data from the COI, and log binomial regression models and generalized estimating equations were fit to examine associations of different levels of opportunity with preterm birth. Singleton infants born in Massachusetts between February 1, 2011, and December 31, 2015, were included. Analyses were originally conducted in 2019 and updated in 2024.ExposureLevel of child opportunity (measured by the COI) at the US Census tract level. Race and ethnicity were ascertained from the birth certificate, as reported by the birthing parent.Main Outcomes and MeasuresLive birth before 37 completed weeks’ gestation.ResultsThe analytic dataset included 267 553 infants, of whom 18.9% were born to Hispanic, 10.1% to non-Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander, 10.1% to non-Hispanic Black, and 61.0% to non-Hispanic White birthing parents. More than half of infants born to non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic birthing parents were born into very low opportunity neighborhoods, and in crude models, this was associated with greater prevalence of preterm birth relative to very high opportunity neighborhoods (prevalence ratio, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.37-1.52). After adjustment for covariates, infants born into very low opportunity neighborhoods still had a greater prevalence of preterm birth (prevalence ratio, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.10-1.23).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study of neighborhood opportunity and preterm birth, elevated risk associated with exposure to a very low opportunity neighborhood, coupled with the disproportionate exposure by race and ethnicity, points to a modifiable factor that may contribute to racial and ethnic inequities in preterm birth. Future research should investigate interventions that seek to address neighborhood opportunity.
Fully Transparent Epitaxial Oxide Thin‐Film Transistor Fabricated at Back‐End‐of‐Line Temperature by Suboxide Molecular‐Beam Epitaxy
Authors: Hensling Felix V.E. , Vogt Patrick , Park Jisung , Shang Shun‐Li , Ye Huacheng , Wu Yu‐Mi , Smith Kathleen , Show Veronica , Azizie Kathy , Paik Hanjong , Jena Debdeep , Xing Huili G. , Suyolcu Y. Eren , van Aken Peter A. , Datta Suman , Liu Zi‐Kui , Schlom Darrell G. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTransparent oxide thin film transistors (TFTs) are an important ingredient of transparent electronics. Their fabrication at the back‐end‐of‐line (BEOL) opens the door to novel strategies to more closely integrate logic with memory for data‐intensive computing architectures that overcome the scaling challenges of today's integrated circuits. A recently developed variant of molecular‐beam epitaxy (MBE) called suboxide MBE (S‐MBE) is demonstrated to be capable of growing epitaxial In2O3 at BEOL temperatures with unmatched crystal quality. The fullwidth at halfmaximum of the rocking curve is 0.015° and, thus, ≈5x narrower than any reports at any temperature to date and limited by the substrate quality. The key to achieving these results is the provision of an In2O beam by S‐MBE, which enables growth in adsorption control and is kinetically favorable. To benchmark this deposition method for TFTs, rudimentary devices were fabricated.
Evaluation of Middle Cerebral Artery Culprit Plaque Inflammation in Ischemic Stroke Using CAIPIRINHA‐Dixon‐TWIST Dynamic Contrast‐Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Niu Junxia , Ran Yuncai , Chen Rui , Zhang Yan , Zhang Yong , Yang Qi , Cheng Jingliang 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundMiddle cerebral artery (MCA) plaques are a leading cause of ischemic stroke (IS). Plaque inflammation is crucial for plaque stability and urgently needs quantitative detection.PurposeTo explore the utility of Controlled Aliasing in Parallel Imaging Results in Higher Acceleration (CAIPIRINHA)‐Dixon‐Time‐resolved angiography With Interleaved Stochastic Trajectories (TWIST) (CDT) dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI) for evaluating MCA culprit plaque inflammation changes over stroke time and with diabetes mellitus (DM).Study TypeProspective.PopulationNinety‐four patients (51.6 ± 12.23 years, 32 females, 23 DM) with acute IS (AIS; N = 43) and non‐acute IS (non‐AIS; 14 days < stroke time ≤ 3 months; N = 51).Field Strength/Sequence3‐T, CDT DCE‐MRI and three‐dimensional (3D) Sampling Perfection with Application optimized Contrast using different flip angle Evolution (3D‐SPACE) T1‐weighted imaging (T1WI).AssessmentStroke time (from initial IS symptoms to MRI) and DM were registered. For 94 MCA culprit plaques, Ktrans from CDT DCE‐MRI and enhancement ratio (ER) from 3D‐SPACE T1WI were compared between groups with and without AIS and DM.Statistical TestsShapiro–Wilk test, Bland–Altman analysis, Passing and Bablok test, independent t‐test, Mann–Whitney U test, Chi‐squared test, Fisher's exact test, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) with the area under the curve (AUC), DeLong's test, and Spearman rank correlation test with the P‐value significance level of 0.05.ResultsKtrans and ER of MCA culprit plaques were significantly higher in AIS than non‐AIS patients (Ktrans = 0.098 s−1 vs. 0.037 s−1; ER = 0.86 vs. 0.55). Ktrans showed better AUC for distinguishing AIS from non‐AIS patients (0.87 vs. 0.75) and stronger negative correlation with stroke time than ER (r = −0.60 vs. −0.34). DM patients had significantly higher Ktrans and ER than non‐DM patients in IS and AIS groups.Data ConclusionImaging by CDT DCE‐MRI may allow to quantitatively evaluate MCA culprit plaques over stroke time and DM.Evidence Level2Technical EfficacyStage 2