bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successful ultrasound‐guided percutaneous embolization of renal pseudoaneurysm by autologous blood clot: Preliminary report of a new method
Authors: Zare Mehrjardi Mohammad , Bagheri Seyed Morteza , Darabi Mohsen 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTWe report the case of a 25‐year‐old female with renal arteriovenous fistula and pseudoaneurysm (PA) formation following renal core‐needle biopsy, treated successfully by ultrasound‐guided percutaneous embolization with autologous blood clot injection. After inserting a 15‐gauge needle within the PA sac, 10 ml of blood was retrieved from the sac, and then reinjected into the PA as well as in the needle tract after the obtained blood completely clotted. The procedure was completed by manual compression of the flank. Follow‐up sonographic examinations revealed no complication, and the PA size reduced gradually over time due to fibrotic shrinkage. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 45:592–596, 2017
A case of prenatally detected left isomerism and hemiazygos continuation of inferior vena cava
Authors: Moradi Behnaz , Moosavi Najme‐Sadat , Kazemi Mohamad Ali , Tahmasebpour Ahmad‐Reza , Fattahi Masrour Farzaneh 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTHeterotaxy syndromes are defined as the disorders that involve abnormal arrangement of viscera. We present a case of prenatally diagnosed left isomerism in a 30‐year‐old primigravida woman referred to our hospital for complex cardiac abnormality. Sonographic findings included heart block, unbalanced atrioventricular septal defect, interruption of the inferior vena cava with hemiazygos continuation, double superior vena cava, a right‐sided stomach, and biliary atresia. The hemiazygos vein drained into the right atrium by the persistent left superior vena cava. This type of inferior vena cava interruption and continuation is rarely reported in prenatally detected cases of left isomerism. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 45:430–433, 2017
Enhanced adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to hydroxyapatite after exposure to saliva
Authors: Spengler Christian , Thewes Nicolas , Nolle Friederike , Faidt Thomas , Umanskaya Natalia , Hannig Matthias , Bischoff Markus , Jacobs Karin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractStreptococcus mutans cells form robust biofilms on human teeth and are strongly related to caries incidents. Hence, understanding the adhesion of S. mutans in the human oral cavity is of major interest for preventive dentistry. In this study, we report on atomic force microscopy–based single‐cell force spectroscopy measurements of S. mutans cells to hydroxyapatite surfaces. We observe for almost all measurements a significant difference in adhesion strength for S. mutans as well as for Staphylococcus carnosus cells. However, the increase in adhesion strength after saliva exposure is much higher for S. mutans cells compared to S. carnosus cells. Our results demonstrate that S. mutans cells are well adapted to their natural environment, the oral cavity. This ability promotes the biofilm‐forming capability of that species and hence the production of caries‐provoking acids. In consequence, understanding the fundamentals of this mechanism may pave a way towards more effective caries‐reducing techniques.
Fast bilateral breast coverage with high spectral and spatial resolution (HiSS) MRI at 3T
Authors: Medved Milica , Li Hui , Abe Hiroyuki , Sheth Deepa , Newstead Gillian M. , Olopade Olufunmilayo I. , Giger Maryellen L. , Karczmar Gregory S. 
Published: March 2017

PurposeTo develop and assess a full‐coverage, sensitivity encoding (SENSE)‐accelerated breast high spatial and spectral resolution (HiSS) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within clinically reasonable times as a potential nonenhanced MRI protocol for breast density measurement or breast cancer screening.Materials and MethodsSixteen women with biopsy‐proven cancer or suspicious lesions, and 13 women who were healthy volunteers or were screened for breast cancer, received 3T breast MRI exams, including SENSE‐accelerated HiSS MRI, which was implemented as a submillimeter spatial resolution echo‐planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) sequence. In postprocessing, fat and water resonance peak height and integral images were generated from EPSI data. The postprocessing software was custom‐designed, and new algorithms were developed to enable processing of whole‐coverage axial HiSS datasets. Water peak height HiSS images were compared to pre‐ and postcontrast T1‐weighted images. Fat suppression was quantified as parenchymal‐to‐suppressed‐fat signal ratio in HiSS water peak height and nonenhanced T1‐weighted images, and artifact levels were scored.ResultsApproximately a 4‐fold decrease in acquisition speed, with a concurrent 2.5‐fold decrease in voxel size, was achieved, with low artifact levels, and with spectral signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of 45:1. Fat suppression was 1.9 times more effective (P < 0.001) in HiSS images than in T1‐weighted images (SPAIR), and HiSS images showed higher SNR in the axilla. HiSS MRI visualized 10 of 13 malignant lesions identified on dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE)‐MRI, and did not require skin removal in postprocessing to generate maximum intensity projection images.ConclusionWe demonstrate full‐coverage, SENSE‐accelerated breast HiSS MRI within clinically reasonable times, as a potential protocol for breast density measurement or breast cancer screening.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:1341–1348.
Revealing topoclimatic heterogeneity using meteorological station data
Authors: Aalto Juha , Riihimäki Henri , Meineri Eric , Hylander Kristoffer , Luoto Miska 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTClimate is a crucial driver of the distributions and activity of multiple biotic and abiotic processes, and thus high‐quality and high–resolution climate data are often prerequisite in various environmental research. However, contemporary gridded climate products suffer critical problems mainly related to sub‐optimal pixel size and lack of local topography‐driven temperature heterogeneity. Here, by integrating meteorological station data, high‐quality terrain information and multivariate modelling, we aim to explicitly demonstrate this deficiency. Monthly average temperatures (1981–2010) from Finland, Sweden and Norway were modelled using generalized additive modelling under (1) a conventional (i.e. considering geographical location, elevation and water cover) and (2) a topoclimatic framework (i.e. also accounting for solar radiation and cold‐air pooling). The performance of the topoclimatic model was significantly higher than the conventional approach for most months, with bootstrapped mean R2 for the topoclimatic model varying from 0.88 (January) to 0.95 (October). The estimated effect of solar radiation was evident during summer, while cold air pooling was identified to improve local temperature estimates in winter. The topoclimatic modelling exposed a substantial temperature heterogeneity within coarser landscape units (>5 °C/1 km−2 in summer) thus unveiling a wide range of potential microclimatic conditions neglected by the conventional approach. Moreover, the topoclimatic model predictions revealed a pronounced asymmetry in average temperature conditions, causing isotherms during summer to differ several hundreds of metres in altitude between the equator and pole facing slopes. In contrast, cold‐air pooling in sheltered landscapes lowered the winter temperatures ca. 1.1 °C/100 m towards the local minimum altitude. Noteworthy, the analysis implies that conventional models produce biassed predictions of long‐term average temperature conditions, with errors likely to be high at sites associated with complex topography.
Diminished bone regeneration after debridement of posttraumatic osteomyelitis is accompanied by altered cytokine levels, elevated B cell activity, and increased osteoclast activity
Authors: Wagner Johannes M. , Jaurich Henriette , Wallner Christoph , Abraham Stephanie , Becerikli Mustafa , Dadras Mehran , Harati Kamran , Duhan Vikas , Khairnar Vishal , Lehnhardt Marcus , Behr Björn 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTOsteomyelitis is a frequent consequence of open fractures thus representing a common bone infection with subsequent alteration of bone regeneration. Impaired bone homeostasis provokes serious variations in the bone remodeling process, thereby involving multiple inflammatory cytokines to activate bone healing. Our previously established mouse model of posttraumatic osteomyelitis provides the chance to study regulation of selected cytokines after surgical debridement of osteomyelitis thus illustrating the course of initial infectious recovery. An inflammatory cytokine array revealed specifically upregulated cytokines in debrided animals after bone infection, that were verified by Western blot analysis, identifying increased levels of CCL2, CCL3, and CXCL2. Increased osteoclastogenesis after debridement of osteomyelitis was demonstrated by Calcitonin‐receptor and RANKL detection via immunohistochemical and ‐fluorescence stainings. The substantial protein analysis was complemented by uncovering diminished osteogenesis and proliferation in debrided group, tracking Osteocalcin, RUNX2, and PCNA expression. Interestingly TNF‐α expression seemed to have no effect on altered bone regeneration after bone infection. Additional flow cytometry analysis proved elevated B cell activity, subsequently increased osteoclast activity and accelerated bone resorption. Based on the variety of severely altered cytokines, we propose a RANKL‐dependent osteoclastogenesis after debridement of osteomyelitis coinciding with elevated B cells and simultaneously decreased osteogenesis. A comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms provides new therapeutic options of osteomyelitis cure and is of great importance in prospective medical treatment. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2425–2434, 2017.
Evaluation of model‐generated vertical profiles of meteorological variables: method and initial results
Authors: Cogan J. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTMeteorological centres compare global and large‐scale regional model output versus radiosonde data more or less continuously for specific models and also make inter‐model comparisons. They normally provide comparisons of meteorological variables at standard pressure levels, and similar comparisons for finer‐scale models may be found as output from field tests and other experiments. Additional means to evaluate vertical profiles derived from model output more fully should help provide a more complete evaluation of model output compared with observations. Here, two versions of a program to produce vertical profiles of meteorological variables in terms of user input heights or pressure levels are developed, and integrated mean value profiles of the variables for layers defined by those heights or pressures are generated. Output profiles were entered into spreadsheets for calculation of the derived variables of density and vector wind speed. The level and mean layer values from the Weather Research and Forecasting model (version 3.6.1) were compared with co‐incident World Meteorological Organization radiosonde observation data and the differences were computed for several variables. The methods developed here may be used for a variety of model‐generated and observed vertical profiles with only minimal changes, primarily to the input function.
Improved olefinic fat suppression in skeletal muscle DTI using a magnitude‐based dixon method
Authors: Burakiewicz Jedrzej , Hooijmans Melissa T. , Webb Andrew G. , Verschuuren Jan J.G.M. , Niks Erik H. , Kan Hermien E. 
Published: March 2017

PurposeTo develop a method of suppressing the multi‐resonance fat signal in diffusion‐weighted imaging of skeletal muscle. This is particularly important when imaging patients with muscular dystrophies, a group of diseases which cause gradual replacement of muscle tissue by fat.Theory and MethodsThe signal from the olefinic fat peak at 5.3 ppm can significantly confound diffusion‐tensor imaging measurements. Dixon olefinic fat suppression (DOFS), a magnitude‐based chemical‐shift–based method of suppressing the olefinic peak, is proposed. It is verified in vivo by performing diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)‐based quantification in the lower leg of seven healthy volunteers, and compared to two previously described fat‐suppression techniques in regions with and without fat contamination.ResultsIn the region without fat contamination, DOFS produces similar results to existing techniques, whereas in muscle contaminated by subcutaneous fat signal moved due to the chemical shift artefact, it consistently showed significantly higher (P = 0.018) mean diffusivity (MD). Because fat presence lowers MD, this suggests improved fat suppression.ConclusionDOFS offers superior fat suppression and enhances quantitative measurements in the muscle in the presence of fat. DOFS is an alternative to spectral olefinic fat suppression. Magn Reson Med 79:152–159, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Possible protective role of silybin against polymyxin E‐induced toxic effect in rat kidneys: A biochemical approach
Authors: Hassan Sherif S. , Thomann Charity , Ettarh Rajunor , Ahmad Zulfiqar 
Published: March 2017

AIMSPolymyxin E was used for treating gram‐negative bacterial infections but not recently for fear of its nephrotoxicity. Silybin has potential to counteract nephrotoxicity; however, few studies have investigated its protective effect on the kidney in an animal model. The purpose of the present study was to assess whether silybin could decrease elevated urine and serum renal biochemical markers induced by polymyxin E in rat kidney.METHODSForty rats were divided randomly into four groups of 10 rats: control (I), vehicle (II), treatment (III, using polymyxin E), and protection (IV, using silybin and polymyxin E). Urine was collected daily for 7 days to test for N‐acetyl‐beta‐D‐glucosaminidase (NAG). Serum was collected after euthanizing the rats on day 7 to test kidney functions.RESULTS Group III had significant increases in NAG (all P < 0.001) compared with the other groups, but no differences were found between the other groups. Significant differences in kidney functions were found between Group III and Groups I and II, and between Group IV and Groups I and II (all P < 0.001). No differences were found between Groups III and IV.CONCLUSIONSGroup III results suggested an affection of the renal glomeruli and tubules, and Group IV results suggested a possible protective effect of silybin against polymyxin E‐induced nephrotoxicity. Additional studies are recommended that use different doses of silybin for Groups III and IV to test for statistical differences for kidney functions and that test the protective effect of silybin against nephrotoxicity induced by polymyxin E in humans.
The reactivity of the 5‐formylcytosine with hydroxyl radical: A theoretical perspective
Authors: Jin Lingxia , Lü Mengdan , Zhao Caibin , Min Suotian , Zhang Tianlei , Zhang Qiang 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHydroxyl radical (•OH) damages DNA/RNA by attacking pyrimidine nucleobases through the addition reaction and H‐atom abstraction. It may attack on the new cytosine derivative (5‐formylCytosine [5‐fCyt]) causing DNA oxidative damage, whereas the study of the related mechanism is still in its infancy. In the present work, 2 distinct mechanisms of •OH‐mediated 5‐fCyt at the complete basis set methods (CBS‐QB3) and CBS‐QB3/polarized continuum model approaches have firstly been explored, the addition reaction (paths R1 ~ R3) and the abstraction reaction (paths R4 ~ R6), respectively, and it shows that the addition of •OH to the C5═C6 double bond of 5‐fCyt is more favourable than other reactions, indicating that the •OH addition to the C5 and C6 atoms have relatively high probability to happen. The proportion of the C5 and C6 adducts is large and may be detectable experimentally, which is in agreement with the conclusions of •OH‐mediated cytosine reaction reported experimentally and theoretically. These hint that the new DNA base (5‐fCyt) is easily damaged when exposed the surrounding of •OH environment. Therefore, the reducing free radical production or the addition of some antioxidants should be taken in embryonic stem cells to resistance DNA damage. Our results provide some evidences between 5‐fCyt and tumor development for the experimental scientists.
Output feedback hierarchical control for nonlinear systems
Authors: Yang Kaihong , Ji Haibo 
Published: March 2017

SummaryIn this paper, we address the problem of hierarchical control for nonlinear systems and design two dynamic output feedback hierarchical control laws in a semiglobal sense and in a global sense, respectively. With the controllers applied to a class of nonlinear systems, some transient and steady properties of the system output trajectories can be satisfied simultaneously. Furthermore, the corresponding result in the global sense for linear systems is naturally derived. Finally, the effectiveness of our approach is illustrated by a single‐link robot arm system. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of the electronic structure and thermal stability of HfO2/SiO2/Si gate dielectric stack
Authors: Duan T. L. , Pan L. , Zhang Z. , Tok E. S. , Pan J. S. 
Published: March 2017

X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to investigate thermal stability of HfO2 on SiO2/Si substrate prepared by atomic layer deposition, followed by annealing at different temperature. Hf silicate and Hf silicide are formed at the interface of HfO2 and SiO2 during deposition. The Hf silicide disappears, while the amount of the Hf silicate is intensified after post‐deposition annealing treatment at 400 °C. Phase separation of the Hf silicate layer occurs when the annealing temperature is over 400 °C, resulting in the Hf silicate decomposition into Si and Hf oxides. Moreover, crystallization at high temperature leads to grain boundaries formation, which deteriorates the gate leakage current, as observed by the electrical measurements. The similar annealing temperature dependence of both internal electric field and the amount of Hf silicate implies that the Hf silicate plays a key role in building up the internal electric field, which is attributed to generation of oxygen vacancies (Vo) in the Hf silicate layer. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the Catalytic Activity of Pt Supported by Graphyne in the Oxidation of Ethanol
Authors: Tian Ge , Qi Zhongnan , Ma Wanyong , Wang Yixuan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe adsorptions of Pt clusters on β‐ and γ‐graphyne (β‐GY, γ‐GY), graphdiyne (GDY), and graphene (GP) were extensively investigated with density functional theory. Ethanol adsorption and its partial oxidation on the Pt supported by the GY and GP were then explored to address the influence of the supporting materials on the activity of Pt nanoclusters in ethanol oxidation. Among the examined adsorption sites such as the hollow, Csp‐Csp, and Csp‐Csp2 bonds, the hollow site consisting of multiple triple bonds is the most attractive one to adsorb Pt and Pt4 regardless of β‐GY, γ‐GY, and GDY. The binding of Pt4 to the GDY is slightly stronger than those of β‐GY and γ‐GY (binding energy: −4.08 vs −3.64 and −3.73 eV). It is remarkable that the adsorption of Pt4 on GY is 2–3 times stronger than that on GP (‐3.6‐4.1 vs −1.3 eV), showing that the GY and GDY are better substrates than the GP for the stability of Pt clusters. Furthermore, the potential energy profiles for the oxidation of ethanol show that in spite of the higher energy barrier for the adsorbed ethanol on Pt4 supported by γ‐GY than by GP (1.54 vs 1.19 eV), the dehydrogenation intermediate and product of ethanol on Pt‐graphyne are more stable than that on Pt‐graphene, suggesting that graphyne is thermodynamically more favorable than graphene as a substrate for the Pt catalyst.
Teaching and research at a large university: Case studies of science professors
Authors: Robert Jenay , Carlsen William S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCurrent STEM workforce issues and retention problems faced by postsecondary STEM education have renewed research efforts in this arena. A review of literature on STEM professors indicates that although this population reports difficulties integrating teaching and research responsibilities, there have not yet been any qualitative studies conducted to deeply investigate the complexities of managing teaching, research, and service. This work utilized a set of four phenomenological case studies conducted over a 10‐month period to address the following research question: How do individuals in a sample of tenure‐track science professors prioritize teaching among their other professional roles and responsibilities? Contrary to literature speculation, the results of this study indicate that the participants make decisions about the way they allocate limited time in an unlimited work environment based on their intrinsic, personal career goals and aspirations and appear to be only minimally affected by external pressures to “prioritize research over teaching.” Furthermore, all of the participants in the study indicated that other than research training, they received little to no preparation for their jobs. These findings provide discipline‐based education researchers with points of interest for further study and provide professional development stakeholders with data for the design of educational support programs. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 54: 937–960, 2017
Surgical Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Authors: Schlottmann Francisco , Herbella Fernando A. , Allaix Marco E. , Rebecchi Fabrizio , Patti Marco G. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundGastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) affects an estimated 20% of the population in the USA, and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. Lifestyle modifications and proton pump inhibitors (PPI) therapy are effective in the majority of patients and remain the mainstay of treatment of GERD. However, some patients will need surgical intervention because they have partial control of symptoms, do not want to be on long‐term medical treatment, or suffer complications related to PPI therapy.AimsThe aim of this study was to review the available evidence that supports laparoscopic antireflux surgery, and to study the effect of surgical therapy on the natural history of GERD.ResultsThe key elements for the success of antireflux surgery are proper patient selection, careful analysis of the indications for surgery, complete pre‐operative work‐up, and proper execution of the surgical technique.ConclusionsWhen the key elements are respected, antireflux surgery is very effective in controlling GERD, and it is associated to minimal morbidity and mortality.
From Heartburn to Barrett’s Esophagus, and Beyond
Authors: Schlottmann Francisco , Patti Marco G. , Shaheen Nicholas J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundGastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) affects an estimated 20% of the population in the USA, and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. About 10–15% of patients with GERD will develop Barrett’s esophagus (BE).AimsThe aims of this study were to review the available evidence of the pathophysiology of BE and the role of anti‐reflux surgery in the treatment of this disease.ResultsThe transformation of the squamous epithelium into columnar epithelium with goblet cells is due to the chronic injury produced by repeated reflux episodes. It involves genetic mutations that in some patients may lead to high‐grade dysplasia and cancer. There is no strong evidence that anti‐reflux surgery is associated with resolution or improvement in BE, and its indications should be the same as for other GERD patients without BE.ConclusionsPatients with BE without dysplasia require endoscopic surveillance, while those with low‐ or high‐grade dysplasia should have consideration of endoscopic eradication therapy followed by surveillance. New endoscopic treatment modalities are being developed, which hold the promise to improve the management of patients with BE.