bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Oral Health and Cognitive Status: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wu Bei , Fillenbaum Gerda G. , Plassman Brenda L. , Guo Liang 
Published: April 2016

ObjectivesTo systematically review longitudinal studies examining the association between oral health and cognitive decline.DesignStudies published between January 1993 and March 2013 were identified by search of English language publications in PubMed/Medline using relevant Medical Subject Heading terms and title and abstract keywords and from CINAHL using relevant subject headings. After applying eligibility criteria and adding four studies identified from article references, 56 of the 1,412 articles identified remained; 40 were cross‐sectional, and 16 were longitudinal; 11 of the latter examined the effect of oral health on change in cognitive health or dementia incidence, five examined the reverse.SettingSources of information included administrative data, subject evaluations in parent studies, medical and dental records, self‐reports, and in‐person evaluations.ParticipantsOlder adults.MeasurementsMost studies used subjects whose oral or cognitive status was known, using standard approaches to impute for missing information. The oral health information most frequently studied included number of teeth, periodontal and caries problems, and denture use. Cognition was most frequently evaluated using the Mini‐Mental State Examination or according to a diagnosis of dementia.ResultsSome studies found that oral health measures such as number of teeth and periodontal disease were associated with risk of cognitive decline or incident dementia, whereas others did not find an association. Similarly, cognitive decline was not consistently associated with greater loss of teeth or number of decayed teeth. It is likely that methodological limitations play a major role in explaining the inconsistent findings.ConclusionIt is unclear how or whether oral health and cognitive status are related. Additional research is needed in which there is greater agreement on how oral health and cognitive states are assessed to better examine the linkages between these two health outcomes.
Making a difference? A comparison between multi‐sensory and regular storytelling for persons with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities
Authors: ten Brug A. , Van der Putten A. A. J. , Penne A. , Maes B. , Vlaskamp C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundMulti‐sensory storytelling (MSST) was developed to include persons with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities in storytelling culture. In order to increase the listeners' attention, MSST stories are individualised and use multiple sensory stimuli to support the verbal text. In order to determine the value of MSST, this study compared listeners' attention under two conditions: (1) being read MSST books and (2) being read regular stories.MethodA non‐randomised control study was executed in which the intervention group read MSST books (n = 45) and a comparison group (n = 31) read regular books. Books were read 10 times during a 5‐week period. The 1st, 5th and 10th storytelling sessions were recorded on video in both groups, and the percentage of attention directed to the book and/or stimuli and to the storyteller was scored by a trained and independent rater. Two repeated measure analyses (with the storytelling condition as a between‐subject factor and the three measurements as factor) were performed to determine the difference between the groups in terms of attention directed to the book/stimuli (first analysis) and storyteller (second analysis). A further analysis established whether the level of attention changed between the reading sessions and whether there was an interaction effect between the repetition of the book and the storytelling condition.ResultsThe attention directed to the book and/or the stimuli was significantly higher in the MSST group than in the comparison group. No significant difference between the two groups was found in the attention directed to the storyteller. For MSST stories, most attention was observed during the fifth reading session, while for regular stories, the fifth session gained least attentiveness from the listener.ConclusionThe persons with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities paid more attention to the book and/or stimuli in the MSST condition compared with the regular story telling group. Being more attentive towards the book and stimuli might give persons with PIMD the opportunity to apprehend the story and to be included in storytelling culture.
Vitamin D insufficiency and cognitive impairment in Asians: a multi‐ethnic population‐based study and meta‐analysis
Authors: Annweiler C. , Milea D. , Whitson H. E. , Cheng C.‐Y. , Wong T.‐Y. , Ikram M. K. , Lamoureux E. L. , Sabanayagam C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between vitamin D insufficiency and cognitive impairment remains equivocal in Asians. We examined the association between circulating 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentration and cognitive performance in a large multi‐ethnic Singaporean population‐based study. We also conducted a meta‐analysis of 25OHD concentrations amongst cognitively impaired older adults in Asia.MethodsOur population‐based cross‐sectional study included 2273 persons ≥60 years of age from the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases (SEED) study (mean ± SD age 70.4 ± 6.2 years; 44.7% female), who were categorized according to 25OHD concentration (i.e. ≤10, 10.1–20 and >20 ng mL−1). The 25OHD concentration was measured and adjusted to reflect a deseasonalized value. Cognition was assessed using the total and domain scores of the Abbreviated Mental Test (AMT). Global cognitive impairment was defined as AMT score of ≤6 if 0–6 years of education and AMT score of ≤8 if >7 years of education. Fully adjusted multivariate models were used. We included seven studies in a meta‐analysis of 25OHD and cognition in Asia (6068 participants; 1179 cognitively impaired cases).ResultsParticipants with 25OHD levels >20 ng mL−1 (n = 1302) had higher AMT total scores (mean ± SD 8.5 ± 1.9) and were less likely to have cognitive impairment (14.1%) than participants with lower 25OHD levels (overall P < 0.001, P‐trend < 0.001). Deseasonalized 25OHD concentration was associated with AMT score (β = 0.10 per 10 ng mL−1, P = 0.035). Vitamin D insufficiency (25OHD ≤20 ng mL−1) was associated with global cognitive impairment (OR 1.56, P = 0.028). Specifically, 25OHD concentration correlated with semantic memory (r = 0.08, P = 0.009) and orientation in time (r = 0.09, P = 0.003). In the meta‐analysis, the pooled mean 25OHD difference was −6.83 ng mL−1 (95% confidence interval −11.36; −2.30), indicating lower 25OHD concentrations amongst cognitively impaired compared to cognitively healthy participants in Asia.ConclusionVitamin D insufficiency is associated with a greater likelihood of and more severe cognitive impairment in Asian populations.
Cytogenetic and immunohistochemical biomarker profiling of therapy‐relevant factors in salivary gland carcinomas
Authors: Lemound Juliana , Schenk Maxie , Keller Gunter , Stucki‐Koch Angelika , Witting Sandra , Kreipe Hans , Hussein Kais 
Published: April 2016

ObjectivesThere is currently no established algorithm for the molecular profiling of therapy‐relevant defects in salivary gland carcinomas (SGC). HER2 overexpression in a subfraction of SGC and low frequencies of EGFR mutations are known. Here, we established receptor and cell signalling profiles of 17 therapy‐relevant factors and propose a molecular diagnostic algorithm for SGC.Materials and MethodsFormalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded tissue samples from SGC (n = 38) were analysed with immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH).ResultsTwo or more expressed receptors and/or receptor gene amplification were detectable in eight of 38 (21%) tumours: HER2 3+/AR 1+, HER3 gene amplification/AR 1+/EGFR 1+, ER 3+/AR 1+, EGFR 2+/PR 1+ and EGFR 2+/PR 1+/AR 1+. No FGFR1–3, MET, ALK1, ROS1, RET, BRAF nor VEGFA defects were detectable, and ERCC1 was not overexpressed. No PD1+ tumour‐infiltrating T cells were detectable.ConclusionPersonalised therapy of patients with salivary gland carcinomas should include HER2 and EGFR signalling testing and, in negative cases, evaluation of rare potential target molecules. ERCC1 and PD1 do not appear to be reliable markers for the decision for or against chemotherapy or immunotherapy, respectively.
Dragon Slaying with Ambiguity: Theory and Experiments
Authors: KELSEY DAVID , LE ROUX SARA 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper studies the impact of ambiguity in the best‐shot and weakest‐link models of public good provision. The models are first analyzed theoretically. Then, we conduct experiments to study how ambiguity affects behavior in these games. We test whether subjects' perception of ambiguity differs between a local opponent and a foreign one. We find that an ambiguity‐safe strategy is often chosen by subjects. This is compatible with the hypothesis that ambiguity aversion influences behavior in games. Subjects tend to choose contributions above (respectively, below) the Nash equilibrium in the best‐shot (respectively, weakest‐link) model.
Projected future distribution of dentists in Japan
Authors: Ishimaru Miho , Ono Sachiko , Yasunaga Hideo , Matsui Hiroki , Koike Soichi 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectivesAppropriate health policies for the supply of dentists have been an ongoing issue in many developed countries. The purpose of this study was to estimate the future distribution of dentists with different working statuses in Japan and to discuss policy implications about the supply of dentists in any country.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study using data from the National Survey of Physicians, Dentists and Pharmacists for 1972–2012. Based on data from the 2010 and 2012 surveys, we calculated by means of a Markov model the future number of dentists with different working statuses until 2042 according to sex.ResultsWe estimated that the total number of active dentists will decrease from 2012 to 2042. The number of active dentists per 1,000 population was predicted to reach a peak in 2018, decrease by 4.2% from 2012 to 2038, and thereafter slightly increase. With regard to working status, the number of dentists with their own practices per 1,000 people was predicted to have reached a peak in 2014 and decrease by 22.0% until 2042. We estimated that the number of dentists used in dental clinics per 1,000 population will increase continuously between 2012 and 2042 by 20.0%.ConclusionsOur study suggests that maintaining this supply of dentists may lead to maldistribution of their working status in the future.
Arctic marine phytobenthos of northern Baffin Island
Authors: Küpper Frithjof C. , Peters Akira F. , Shewring Dawn M. , Sayer Martin D. J. , Mystikou Alexandra , Brown Hugh , Azzopardi Elaine , Dargent Olivier , Strittmatter Martina , Brennan Debra , Asensi Aldo O. , van West Pieter , Wilce Robert T. 
Published: April 2016

Global climate change is expected to alter the polar bioregions faster than any other marine environment. This study assesses the biodiversity of seaweeds and associated eukaryotic pathogens of an established study site in northern Baffin Island (72° N), providing a baseline inventory for future work assessing impacts of the currently ongoing changes in the Arctic marine environment. A total of 33 Phaeophyceae, 24 Rhodophyceae, 2 Chlorophyceae, 12 Ulvophyceae, 1 Trebouxiophyceae, and 1 Dinophyceae are reported, based on collections of an expedition to the area in 2009, complemented by unpublished records of Robert T. Wilce and the first‐ever photographic documentation of the phytobenthos of the American Arctic. Molecular barcoding of isolates raised from incubated substratum samples revealed the presence of 20 species of brown seaweeds, including gametophytes of kelp and of a previously unsequenced Desmarestia closely related to D. viridis, two species of Pylaiella, the kelp endophyte Laminariocolax aecidioides and 11 previously unsequenced species of the Ectocarpales, highlighting the necessity to include molecular techniques for fully unraveling cryptic algal diversity. This study also includes the first records of Eurychasma dicksonii, a eukaryotic pathogen affecting seaweeds, from the American Arctic. Overall, this study provides both the most accurate inventory of seaweed diversity of the northern Baffin Island region to date and can be used as an important basis to understand diversity changes with climate change.
Application of multigene phylogenetics and site‐stripping to resolve intraordinal relationships in the Rhodymeniales (Rhodophyta)
Authors: Filloramo Gina V. , Saunders Gary W. 
Published: April 2016

Previous molecular assessments of the red algal order Rhodymeniales have confirmed its monophyly and distinguished the six currently recognized families (viz. Champiaceae, Faucheaceae, Fryeellaceae, Hymenocladiaceae, Lomentariaceae, and Rhodymeniaceae); however, relationships among most of these families have remained unresolved possibly as a result of substitution saturation at deeper phylogenetic nodes. The objective of the current study was to improve rhodymenialean systematics by increasing taxonomic representation and using a more robust multigene dataset of mitochondrial (COB, COI/COI‐5P), nuclear (LSU, EF2) and plastid markers (psbA, rbcL). Additionally, we aimed to prevent phylogenetic inference problems associated with substitution saturation (particularly at the interfamilial nodes) by removing fast‐evolving sites and analyzing a series of progressively more conservative alignments. The Rhodymeniales was resolved as two major lineages: (i) the Fryeellaceae as sister to the Faucheaceae and Lomentariaceae; and (ii) the Rhodymeniaceae allied to the Champiaceae and Hymenocladiaceae. Support at the interfamilial nodes was highest when 20% of variable sites were removed. Inclusion of Binghamiopsis, Chamaebotrys, and Minium, which were absent in previous phylogenetic investigations, established their phylogenetic affinities while assessment of two genera consistently polyphyletic in phylogenetic analyses, Erythrymenia and Lomentaria, resulted in the proposition of the novel genera Perbella and Fushitsunagia. The taxonomic position of Drouetia was reinvestigated with re‐examination of holotype material of D. coalescens to clarify tetrasporangial development in this genus. In addition, we added three novel Australian species to Drouetia as a result of ongoing DNA barcoding assessments—D. aggregata sp. nov., D. scutellata sp. nov., and D. viridescens sp. nov.
Colonization and diversification in the African ‘sky islands’: insights from fossil‐calibrated molecular dating of Lychnis (Caryophyllaceae)
Authors: Gizaw Abel , Brochmann Christian , Nemomissa Sileshi , Wondimu Tigist , Masao Catherine Aloyce , Tusiime Felly Mugizi , Abdi Ahmed Abdikadir , Oxelman Bengt , Popp Magnus , Dimitrov Dimitar 
Published: April 2016

Summary

The flora on the isolated high African mountains or ‘sky islands’ is remarkable for its peculiar adaptations, local endemism and striking biogeographical connections to remote parts of the world. Ages of the plant lineages and the timing of their radiations have frequently been debated but remain contentious as there are few estimates based on explicit models and fossil‐calibrated molecular clocks.

We used the plastid region maturaseK (matK) and a Caryophylloflora paleogenica fossil to infer the age of the genus Lychnis, and constructed a data set of three plastid (matK; a ribosomal protein S16 (rps16); and an intergenic spacer (psbE‐petL)) and two nuclear (internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and a region spanning exon 18‐24 in the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2)) loci for joint estimation of the species tree and divergence time of the African representatives.

The time of divergence of the African high‐altitude Lychnis was placed in the late Miocene to early Pliocene. A single speciation event was inferred in the early Pliocene; subsequent speciation took place sporadically from the late Pliocene to the middle Pleistocene.

We provide further support for a Eurasian origin of the African ‘sky islands’ floral elements, which seem to have been recruited via dispersals at different times: some old, as in Lychnis, and others very recent. We show that dispersal and diversification within Africa play an important role in shaping these isolated plant communities.
Foliar fungal disease‐resistant introgression lines of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) record higher pod and haulm yield in multilocation testing
Authors: Pasupuleti Janila , Pandey Manish K. , Manohar Surendra S. , Variath Murali T. , Nallathambi Premalatha , Nadaf Hajisaheb L. , Sudini Harikishan , Varshney Rajeev K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIntrogression lines (ILs) of groundnut with enhanced resistance to rust and late leaf spot (LLS) recorded increased pod and haulm yield in multilocation testing. Marker‐assisted backcrossing (MABC) approach was used to introgress a genomic region containing a major QTL that explains >80% of phenotypic variance (PV) for rust resistance and 67.98% PV for LLS resistance. ILs in the genetic background of TAG 24, ICGV 91114 and JL 24 were evaluated for two seasons to select 20 best ILs based on resistance, productivity parameters and maturity duration. Multilocation evaluation of the selected ILs was conducted in three locations including disease hot spots. Background genotype, environment and genotype × environment interactions are important for expression of resistance governed by the QTL region. Six best ILs namely ICGV 13192, ICGV 13193, ICGV 13200, ICGV 13206, ICGV 13228 and ICGV 13229 were selected with 39–79% higher mean pod yield and 25–89% higher mean haulm yield over their respective recurrent parents. Pod yield increase was contributed by increase in seed mass and number of pods per plant.
Plant hydraulics as a central hub integrating plant and ecosystem function: meeting report for ‘Emerging Frontiers in Plant Hydraulics’ (Washington, DC, May 2015)
Authors: Sack Lawren , Ball Marilyn C. , Brodersen Craig , Davis Stephen D. , Des Marais David L. , Donovan Lisa A. , Givnish Thomas J. , Hacke Uwe G. , Huxman Travis , Jansen Steven , Jacobsen Anna L. , Johnson Daniel M. , Koch George W. , Maurel Christophe , McCulloh Katherine A. , McDowell Nate G. , McElrone Andrew , Meinzer Frederick C. , Melcher Peter J. , North Gretchen , Pellegrini Matteo , Pockman William T. , Pratt R. Brandon , Sala Anna , Santiago Louis S. , Savage Jessica A. , Scoffoni Christine , Sevanto Sanna , Sperry John , Tyerman Stephen D. , Way Danielle , Holbrook N. Michele 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWater plays a central role in plant biology and the efficiency of water transport throughout the plant affects both photosynthetic rate and growth, an influence that scales up deterministically to the productivity of terrestrial ecosystems. Moreover, hydraulic traits mediate the ways in which plants interact with their abiotic and biotic environment. At landscape to global scale, plant hydraulic traits are important in describing the function of ecological communities and ecosystems. Plant hydraulics is increasingly recognized as a central hub within a network by which plant biology is connected to palaeobiology, agronomy, climatology, forestry, community and ecosystem ecology and earth‐system science. Such grand challenges as anticipating and mitigating the impacts of climate change, and improving the security and sustainability of our food supply rely on our fundamental knowledge of how water behaves in the cells, tissues, organs, bodies and diverse communities of plants. A workshop, ‘Emerging Frontiers in Plant Hydraulics’ supported by the National Science Foundation, was held in Washington DC, 2015 to promote open discussion of new ideas, controversies regarding measurements and analyses, and especially, the potential for expansion of up‐scaled and down‐scaled inter‐disciplinary research, and the strengthening of connections between plant hydraulic research, allied fields and global modelling efforts.
Genetic background and environmental conditions drive metabolic variation in wild type and transgenic soybean (Glycine max) seeds
Authors: Cohen Hagai , Shir Ofer M. , Yu Yang , Hou Wensheng , Sun Shi , Han Tianfu , Amir Rachel 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe metabolic profiles and composition of storage reserves of agricultural crop seeds are strongly regulated by heritable and environmental factors. Yet, very little is known about the genetic and environmental determinants of adaptive metabolic variation amongst wild type as well as transgenic seed populations derived from the same genetic background, grown under natural field conditions. The goal of the current study was to investigate the effects of natural environmental conditions on wild type and transgenic soybean seeds expressing a feedback‐insensitive form of cystathionine γ‐synthase, a methionine main regulatory enzyme. The seeds were grown in four geographically distinct habitats in China and then assayed for primary metabolic profiles using gas chromatography mass spectrometry, morphological traits and storage reserve accumulation. The analyses revealed changes in the levels of primary metabolites which evidently exhibited high correlation to methionine regardless of changes in environmental conditions. The environment, however, constituted a major determinant of metabolic profiles amongst seeds, as much more metabolites were observed to be affected by this variable, particularly along the north‐to‐south latitudinal gradient. The observations suggest that metabolic variation amongst seeds grown under natural field conditions depends upon the complex relationships existing amongst their genetic background and the environmental conditions characterizing their cultivation areas.
Arterial oxygen saturation and heart rate after birth in newborns with and without maternal bonding
Authors: Bancalari Aldo , Araneda Heriberto , Echeverría Patricia , Alvear Marina , Romero Luzmira 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine and compare changes in arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate (HR) in healthy term infants with and without maternal bonding.MethodThis was a prospective observational study in healthy term infants. SpO2 and HR were recorded from 1 to 10 min after birth. After this, SpO2 and HR were registered at 15, 30 and 60 min and then at 12 and 24 h after birth. SpO2 and HR were measured with a pulse oximeter.ResultsA total of 216 healthy term infants were divided into three different groups: 136 (63%) born by vaginal delivery, 56 (26%) born by cesarean section with bonding, and 24 (11%) born by cesarean section without bonding. No difference in SpO2 was found in babies born by cesarean section with or without maternal bonding. In neonates delivered vaginally, SpO2 was significantly higher during the first 10 min after birth than in neonates born by cesarean section with bonding (P < 0.05). Compared with infants born by cesarean section without bonding, this tendency was not significant. In general, HR was similar across groups, although, for infants born by cesarean section, neonates who received bonding had lower HR from 6 to 8 min (P < 0.05).ConclusionsIn healthy term newborns, maternal bonding in infants born by cesarean section did not have effects on SpO2. Some differences were observed in HR between infants born by cesarean section with and without bonding.