bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“The Bird was a Valuable One”
Authors: Cushing Nancy , Markwell Kevin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAustralian native, nonhuman animals at first intrigued and then disappointed newcomers as Australia was colonized by the British in the late eighteenth century. They were disparaged as unproductive and unpalatable oddities, killed as competitors to introduced species, or harvested as a source of fur and feathers for export. Focusing on the period 1803 to 1939, this paper examines one exception to this general pattern: the keeping of native animals as “pets.” Contemporary newspaper articles and advertisements are drawn upon to demonstrate that the Australian native fauna kept as pets were highly valued both emotionally by their “owners” and economically in the commercial trade and the courts. This valuation had few direct benefits to species overall because it remained focused on individual pets and was not shared with free-living animals, but it did keep alive an interest in native animals that greatly expanded in the mid-twentieth century.
Riders’ Perceptions of Equestrian Communication in Sports Dressage
Authors: Zetterqvist Blokhuis Mari , Lundgren Charlotte 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study is to enhance the understanding of how sport dressage riders describe rider-horse communication when riding, and to relate these descriptions to current research on human-horse communication. Interviews with 15 amateur dressage riders were analyzed using a qualitative approach. The study shows that the interviewed riders describe the communication with the horses partly in a behavioristic way, applying concepts based on learning theory, which deviate from the description of riders as lacking understanding of these concepts put forth by some researchers. The riders connect the timing of their aids to equestrian feel, which they describe as the most difficult yet the most awarding aspect of the interspecies communication that riding is. Simultaneously, they acknowledge that horses are fully capable of choosing to listen to and cooperate with their requests.
Steinernema litchii n. sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from South Africa
Authors: Steyn Willem P. , Knoetze Rinus , Tiedt Louwrens R. , Malan Antoinette P. 
Published: October 2017

During a survey in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa, a Steinernema species was isolated from a soil sample taken from a litchi orchard. Steinernema litchii n. sp. can be separated from other, closely related, species in the glaseri-group by morphological, morphometric and molecular analyses. The infective third-stage juvenile of the new species has a body length of 1054 (953-1146) μm, distance from head to excretory pore of 78 (64-86) μm, as well as eight ridges (i.e., nine lines) in the mid-body region. The c-ratio of 10 (9-13) is low and the tail is long at 95 (73-105) μm. First generation males have a spicule length of 86 (76-96) μm and a gubernaculum length of 65 (59-72) μm. The tail of the first generation male lacks a mucron; that of the second generation always bears one. The genital papillae total 23 and consist of 11 pairs and an unpaired precloacal papilla. The vulva of S. litchii n. sp. has a slightly asymmetrical protuberance and short, double-flapped epiptygmata. The female has a slightly protuberant postanal swelling. Phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and of the 28S (D2-D3) regions of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) confirmed the close relationship of S. litchii n. sp. to the Karii-clade. Both morphological and molecular evidence support the species status of S. litchii n. sp.
Alfred Schutz on Phenomenological Psychology and Transcendental Phenomenology
Authors: Gros Alexis Emanuel 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAlfred Schutz is, without a doubt, one of the phenomenologists that contributed the most to the reflection on how to apply insights from phenomenological philosophy to the, empirical and theoretical, human and social sciences. However, his work tends to be neglected by many of the current advocates of phenomenology within these disciplines. In the present paper, I intend to remedy this situation. In order to do so, I will systematically revisit his mundane and social-scientifically oriented account of phenomenology, which, as I shall show, emerges from a theoretical confrontation with the Husserlian distinction between transcendental phenomenology and phenomenological psychology.
Contributions of Religions to the Common Good in Pluralistic Societies from a Christian Perspective? Some Critical Remarks
Authors: Smit Dirk J. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The paper argues that, from the perspective of South African experiences, four notions in the title could easily lead to misunderstandings. The notion of a Christian perspective could ignore the deep diversity and contestation within the Christian traditions themselves. The notion pluralistic could easily be too innocent to address the deep forms of division, alienation and injustice in real life. The notion of the contributions made by religions may be understood, especially by Reformed Christians, primarily in terms of speaking, while the real contributions made by religions to the common life may in fact be more complex and more fundamental. The notion of societies in the plural may again be too superficial and innocent and obscure the ways in which we share a common world and life today.
Language–General Auditory–Visual Speech Perception: Thai–English and Japanese–English McGurk Effects
Authors: Burnham Denis , Dodd Barbara 
Published: October 2017

Cross-language McGurk Effects are used to investigate the locus of auditory–visual speech integration. Experiment 1 uses the fact that [], as in ‘sing’, is phonotactically legal in word-final position in English and Thai, but in word-initial position only in Thai. English and Thai language participants were tested for ‘n’ perception from auditory [m]/visual [] (A[m]V[]) in word-initial and -final positions. Despite English speakers’ native language bias to label word-initial [] as ‘n’, the incidence of ‘n’ percepts to A[m]V[] was equivalent for English and Thai speakers in final and initial positions. Experiment 2 used the facts that (i) [ð] as in ‘that’ is not present in Japanese, and (ii) English speakers respond more often with ‘tha’ than ‘da’ to A[ba]V[ga], but more often with ‘di’ than ‘thi’ to A[bi]V[gi]. English and three groups of Japanese language participants (Beginner, Intermediate, Advanced English knowledge) were presented with A[ba]V[ga] and A[bi]V[gi] by an English (Experiment 2a) or a Japanese (Experiment 2b) speaker. Despite Japanese participants’ native language bias to perceive ‘d’ more often than ‘th’, the four groups showed a similar phonetic level effect of [a]/[i] vowel context × ‘th’ vs. ‘d’ responses to A[b]V[g] presentations. In Experiment 2b this phonetic level interaction held, but was more one-sided as very few ‘th’ responses were evident, even in Australian English participants. Results are discussed in terms of a phonetic plus postcategorical model, in which incoming auditory and visual information is integrated at a phonetic level, after which there are post-categorical phonemic influences.
Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Chinese Patients: A Large Single-Center Data
Authors: Wang Huanhuan , Gao Zhan , Song Ying , Tang Xiaofang , Xu Jingjing , Jiang Ping , Jiang Lin , Chen Jue , Gao Lijian , Song Lei , Zhang Yin , Zhao Xueyan , Qiao Shubin , Yang Yuejin , Gao Runlin , Xu Bo , Yuan Jinqing 
Published: October 2017

Aim: To investigate the impact of diabetic status on 2-year clinical outcomes in Chinese patients undergoing contemporary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) treatment. Methods and Results: A total of 10 724 consecutive patients underwent PCI at Fu Wai Hospital were prospectively collected. Two-year clinical outcomes were compared between patients with and without diabetes mellitus (DM). Diabetic patients had more baseline clinical risks and more extensive coronary disease. During 2-year follow-up, the rates of all-cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), revascularization, and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were significantly higher in DM group. After multivariable-adjusted Cox regression analysis, DM was an independent risk factor for MACE but not for the individual components of MACE. After performing propensity score matching, rates of all-cause death, MI, revascularization, stroke, stent thrombosis, and MACE were not significantly different between the 2 groups, and DM was not predictive of MACE and any clinical adverse outcomes. Conclusions: Diabetic patients who underwent PCI had worse prognosis including death and repeat revascularization during 2-year follow-up, but DM was not an independent risk factor for adverse clinical outcomes.
Neuroprotective effects of orientin on oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced cell injury in primary culture of rat cortical neurons
Authors: Tian Tian , Zeng Junan , Zhao Guangyu , Zhao Wenjing , Gao Songyi , Liu Li 
Published: October 2017

Orientin (luteolin-8-C-glucoside) is a phenolic compound found abundantly in millet, juice, and peel of passion fruit and has been shown to have antioxidant properties. In the present study, we explored the effects of orientin on oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/RP)-induced cell injury in primary culture of rat cortical neurons using an in vitro model of neonatal ischemic brain injury. The reduced cell viability and elevated lactate dehydrogenase leakage were observed after OGD/RP exposure, which were then reversed by orientin (10, 20, and 30 µM) pretreatment in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, OGD/RP treatment resulted in significant oxidative stress, accompanied by enhanced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and obvious depletion in the activities of intracellular Mn-superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase antioxidases. However, these effects were dose dependently restored by orientin pretreatment. We also found that orientin pretreatment dose dependently suppressed [Ca2+]i increase and mitochondrial membrane potential dissipation caused by OGD/RP in primary culture of rat cortical neurons. Western blot analysis showed that OGD/RP exposure induced a distinct decrease of Bcl-2 protein and a marked elevation of Bax, caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-3 proteins; whereas these effects were dose dependently reversed by orientin incubation. Both the caspase-3 activity and the apoptosis rate were increased under OGD/RP treatment, but was then dose dependently down-regulated by orientin (10, 20, and 30 µM) incubation. Moreover, orientin pretreatment dose dependently inhibited OGD/RP-induced phosphorylation of JNK and ERK1/2. Notably, JNK inhibitor SP600125 and ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 also dramatically attenuated OGD/RP-induced cell viability loss and ROS generation, and further, orientin failed to protect cortical neurons with the interference of JNK activator anisomycin or ERK1/2 activator FGF-2. Taken together, these results demonstrated that orientin has significant neuroprotective effects against OGD/RP-induced cell injury via JNK and ERK1/2 signaling pathways in primary culture of rat cortical neurons. Impact statement Orientin has been used in traditional eastern medicine and reported to possess antioxidant properties. However, the effects of orientin on neonatal ischemic brain injury and the underlying mechanisms involved have not been studied. Our results showed that orientin exerts significant neuroprotective effects on cell injury caused by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion via the JNK and ERK1/2 signaling pathways in primary culture of rat cortical neurons, implying the potential therapeutic application of orientin via the suppression of oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. This research suggested that orientin may be used as a therapeutic and preventive option for newborn cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Global cerebral ischemia with subsequent respiratory arrest in a cat after repeated use of a spring-loaded mouth gag
Authors: Hartman Emily A , McCarthy Robert J , Labato Mary A 
Published: October 2017

Case summary A 10-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat was evaluated because of signs of stertorous breathing and reverse sneezing of 8 months’ duration. A CT scan performed 1 week before evaluation indicated nasopharyngeal stenosis or collapse. Increased respiratory effort, stertorous breathing, coughing, reverse sneezing, bilateral black ocular discharge and mucoid left nasal discharge were noted. Rhinoscopy suggested possible nasopharyngeal stenosis. Balloon dilation was attempted but unsuccessful. Ventral rhinotomy was performed the following day using a spring-loaded mouth gag to access the surgical site. After rhinotomy, the patient had neurologic signs attributed to global cerebral ischemia that progressed to respiratory arrest, subsequently resulting in euthanasia. Relevance and novel information While ischemic brain injury has been associated with the use of a spring-loaded mouth gag in cats, to our knowledge this is the first reported instance where use resulted in respiratory arrest culminating in euthanasia.
T2 mapping and post-contrast T1 (dGEMRIC) of the patellar cartilage: 12-year follow-up after patellar stabilizing surgery in childhood
Authors: Moström Eva Bengtsson , Lammentausta Eveliina , Finnbogason Thröstur , Weidenhielm Lars , Janarv Per-Mats , Tiderius Carl Johan 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundCartilage degeneration has been reported after recurrent patellar dislocation. However, effects of surgical stabilization in childhood have not yet been described.PurposeTo examine the cartilage quality in very young adults operated with a patellar stabilizing procedure due to recurrent patellar dislocation in childhood, and evaluate if cartilage quality correlates with clinical parameters and patient-reported outcomes.Material and MethodsSeventeen patients were investigated ≥ 5 years (mean = 11.6 years) after patellar stabilizing surgery in childhood. Pre-contrast T2 relaxation times were analyzed in four superficial and four deep patellar cartilage regions of both knees. Two hours after 0.2 mM/kg Gd-DTPA2i.v., post-contrast T1 (T1(Gd)) was analyzed in the same regions. Patient-reported outcomes (KOOS, Kujala, and Tegner scores) and recurrence rates were evaluated.ResultsComparing operated to healthy side, neither T2 nor dGEMRIC differed between the operated and the reference knee regarding the superficial half of the cartilage. In the deep half of the cartilage, T1(Gd) was shorter in the central part of the cartilage, whereas T2 was longer medially ( P < 0.05). A low score in the KOOS subscales Symptom and Sports & Recreation, was correlated to the degenerative changes detected by T1(Gd) (r = 0.5, P = 0.041).ConclusionIn general, our findings demonstrate good cartilage quality 12 years after patellar stabilizing surgery during childhood. The subtle changes in T2 and T1(Gd) in the deep cartilage layer may be a result of altered biomechanics, although very early degenerative changes cannot be excluded. The short T1(Gd) centrally may reflect lower glycosaminoglycan content, whereas the increase in T2 medially indicates increased cartilage hydration.
Pulmonary Function of Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis and the Impact of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Youssef Ahmed M. , Awad Osama G. Abdel‐Naby , Taha Mohamed 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare pulmonary function tests (PFTs) among control subjects and patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and to investigate the outcomes of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) on PFTs among patients with CRS.Study DesignProspective study conducted from June 2015 to June 2016.SettingTertiary referral hospital.Subjects and MethodsThe study is based on 2 groups: adult control subjects (group 1, n = 25) and adult patients with medically resistant CRS (group 2, n = 25). PFTs were used to compare the lower airway condition between the groups. Another comparison in PFTs was made among patients with CRS at 1 week preoperatively and 1 month postoperatively to evaluate the effectiveness of ESS.ResultsIn group 1, all subjects had an FEV1/FVC ratio ≥80% (forced expiratory volume in 1 second / forced vital capacity) with a mean of 0.84 ± 0.07, as compared with group 2, from 61% to 70% for 5 (20%) patients, 71% to 79% for 10 (40%), and ≥80% for 10 (40%). FEV1/FVC was significantly lower in group 2 than group 1 (P =. 04). At 1 month postoperatively, the FEV1/FVC values of group 2 was from 61% to 70% for 2 (8%) patients, 71% to 79% for 13 (52%), and ≥80% for 10 (40%). The mean FEV1/FVC was 0.9 ± 0.50, and these values were significantly higher (P =. 02) when compared with preoperative values.ConclusionThis study provides objective evidence that patients with CRS may have nonmanifest lower airway affection when compared with control subjects and that ESS is efficacious in the improvement of such affection.
Hispanic ethnicity is associated with younger age at presentation but worse survival in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Darbinyan Karine , Shastri Aditi , Budhathoki Anjali , Helbig Daniel , Snyder Rose , Pradhan Kith , Saleh-Esa Junaid , Kornblum Noah S. , Binder Adam F. , Goel Swati , Janakiram Murali , Derman Olga , Gritsman Kira , Steidl Ulrich , Braunschweig Ira , Verma Amit , Mantzaris Ioannis 
Published: October 2017

Key Points
SEER data and a Bronx validation cohort demonstrate that Hispanics present with AML at younger age but have shorter survival than whites. Increased frequency of high-risk mutations in Hispanics provides a potential biologic explanation for poorer outcomes in Hispanics.
TAK1 inhibition subverts the osteoclastogenic action of TRAIL while potentiating its antimyeloma effects
Authors: Tenshin Hirofumi , Teramachi Jumpei , Oda Asuka , Amachi Ryota , Hiasa Masahiro , Bat-Erdene Ariunzaya , Watanabe Keiichiro , Iwasa Masami , Harada Takeshi , Fujii Shiro , Kagawa Kumiko , Sogabe Kimiko , Nakamura Shingen , Miki Hirokazu , Kurahashi Kiyoe , Yoshida Sumiko , Aihara Kenichi , Endo Itsuro , Tanaka Eiji , Matsumoto Toshio , Abe Masahiro 
Published: October 2017

Key Points
TRAIL enhances receptor activator of NF-κB ligand–induced osteoclastogenesis and c-FLIP upregulation without osteoclast apoptosis induction. TAK1 inhibition triggers TRAIL-induced apoptosis in osteoclasts, while potentiating TRAIL-induced myeloma cell death.
Non-occlusive mesenteric ischaemia: CT findings, clinical outcomes and assessment of the diameter of the superior mesenteric artery
Authors: Pérez-García Carlos , de Miguel Campos Enrique , Fernández Gonzalo Adriana , Malfaz Carlos , Martín Pinacho Jesus Javier , Fernández Álvarez Carmen , Herranz Pérez Raquel 
Published: October 2017

Objective:
Review of the experience of a tertiary care centre for almost 10 years in the CT diagnosis of non-occlusive mesenteric ischaemia (NOMI). Analysis of CT findings, correlation with clinical outcomes and evaluation of the usefulness of measuring the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) diameter for the diagnosis of NOMI.

Methods:
106 patients were diagnosed with NOMI in a biphasic CT examination from 2008 to 2017 in our hospital. Clinical outcomes and CT findings were reviewed. In 55 patients, the diameter of the SMA was compared with a previous CT scan where NOMI was not the diagnosis, and statistical analysis using paired t-test was performed.

Results:
81 patients (76%) had findings consistent with small bowel ischaemia and the ileum was the segment most commonly involved (47%). Lack of wall enhancement, pneumoperitoneum, pneumatosis intestinalis and portal venous gas were all considered signs of bowel necrosis and surgery was performed promptly. 70 patients had signs of vascular narrowing of the SMA branches and in the 55 cases with a previous CT scan, there were statistically significant differences regarding the SMA diameter with a mean reduction of the artery calibre and standard deviation of 1.93 ± 1.1 mm between the NOMI and non-NOMI scans (p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion:
Acknowledgment of characteristic bowel necrosis CT findings is crucial for determining the therapeutic attitude and the use of previous CT scans to compare the SMA diameter may help the radiologist to achieve an early diagnosis of NOMI in an often critically ill patient population.

Advances in knowledge:
Diagnosis of NOMI can be difficult in cases of partial mural ischaemia, thus objective data (diameter of the SMA) should be useful for the radiologist to include NOMI as the first diagnostic option in the differential diagnosis.
Assessment of noise reduction potential and image quality improvement of a new generation adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR-V) in chest CT
Authors: Tang Hui , Yu Nan , Jia Yongjun , Yu Yong , Duan Haifeng , Han Dong , Ma Guangming , Ren Chenglong , He Taiping 
Published: October 2017

Objective:
To evaluate the image quality improvement and noise reduction in routine dose, non-enhanced chest CT imaging by using a new generation adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR-V) in comparison with ASIR algorithm.

Methods:
30 patients who underwent routine dose, non-enhanced chest CT using GE Discovery CT750HU (GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI) were included. The scan parameters included tube voltage of 120 kVp, automatic tube current modulation to obtain a noise index of 14HU, rotation speed of 0.6 s, pitch of 1.375:1 and slice thickness of 5 mm. After scanning, all scans were reconstructed with the recommended level of 40%ASIR for comparison purpose and different percentages of ASIR-V from 10% to 100% in a 10% increment. The CT attenuation values and SD of the subcutaneous fat, back muscle and descending aorta were measured at the level of tracheal carina of all reconstructed images. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was calculated with SD representing image noise. The subjective image quality was independently evaluated by two experienced radiologists.

Results:
For all ASIR-V images, the objective image noise (SD) of fat, muscle and aorta decreased and SNR increased along with increasing ASIR-V percentage. The SD of 30% ASIR-V to 100% ASIR-V was significantly lower than that of 40% ASIR (p &lt; 0.05). In terms of subjective image evaluation, all ASIR-V reconstructions had good diagnostic acceptability. However, the 50% ASIR-V to 70% ASIR-V series showed significantly superior visibility of small structures when compared with the 40% ASIR and ASIR-V of other percentages (p &lt; 0.05), and 60% ASIR-V was the best series of all ASIR-V images, with a highest subjective image quality. The image sharpness was significantly decreased in images reconstructed by 80% ASIR-V and higher.

Conclusion:
In routine dose, non-enhanced chest CT, ASIR-V shows greater potential in reducing image noise and artefacts and maintaining image sharpness when compared to the recommended level of 40%ASIR algorithm. Combining both the objective and subjective evaluation of images, non-enhanced chest CT images reconstructed with 60% ASIR-V have the highest image quality.

Advances in knowledge:
This is the first clinical study to evaluate the clinical value of ASIR-V in the same patients using the same CT scanner in the non-enhanced chest CT scans. It suggests that ASIR-V provides the better image quality and higher diagnostic confidence in comparison with ASIR algorithm.