bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early predictors of psychosocial functioning 5 years after paediatric stroke
Authors: Greenham Mardee , Anderson Vicki , Cooper Anna , Hearps Stephen , Ditchfield Michael , Coleman Lee , Hunt Rod W , Mackay Mark T , Monagle Paul , Gordon Anne L 
Published: August 2017

AimLittle is known about psychological and social outcomes after paediatric stroke. This study aimed to evaluate psychosocial outcomes in children 5 years after paediatric stroke and explore the contribution of early presenting factors.MethodThirty‐one children (19 males, 12 females) with arterial ischemic stroke were involved in this prospective, longitudinal study. Children underwent intellectual assessment at 12 months poststroke and parents completed questionnaires rating their own mental health and their child's functioning at 12 months and 5 years poststroke.ResultsAt 5‐year follow‐up, psychological and social function were significantly poorer than normative expectations. Exploration of early predictive factors showed poorer cognitive and psychological function at 12 months poststroke and older age at stroke onset was associated with poorer psychosocial function at 5 years. Larger lesion size was also associated with poorer psychological function at 5 years poststroke.InterpretationThese early predictors of poorer psychosocial outcome suggest that screening children within the first year after stroke may identify children most at risk of later problems and facilitate early intervention.
Single‐dose euglycaemic clamp studies demonstrating pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic similarity between MK‐1293 insulin glargine and originator insulin glargine (Lantus) in subjects with type 1 diabetes and healthy subjects
Authors: Crutchlow Michael F. , Palcza John S. , Mostoller Kate M. , Mahon Chantal D. , Barbour April M. , Marcos Michael C. , Xu Yang , Watkins Elaine , Morrow Linda , Hompesch Marcus 
Published: August 2017

AimsMK‐1293 is an insulin glargine that has an amino acid sequence identical to that of Lantus, the originator insulin glargine. Two euglycaemic clamp studies, 1 in subjects with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and 1 in healthy subjects, were conducted to demonstrate pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) similarity between MK‐1293 and Lantus commercially procured in both the European Union (EU‐Lantus) and the USA (US‐Lantus).Materials and MethodsBoth studies were single‐dose, randomized, double‐blind, single‐centre, crossover studies with ≥7 days between dosing periods. A 2‐treatment, 4‐period replicate crossover study in T1D subjects (N = 76) compared the PK and PD of MK‐1293 to EU‐Lantus for 30 hours after dosing. A 3‐period crossover study in healthy subjects (N = 109) compared the PK and PD of MK‐1293, EU‐Lantus and US‐Lantus for 24 hours after dosing. In both studies, all subjects received single 0.4 units/kg subcutaneous doses of MK‐1293 or Lantus in all dosing periods. Pharmacokinetic assessment was based on LC‐MS/MS‐based measurement of the major insulin glargine metabolite (M1) and PD was characterized using the euglycaemic clamp platform.ResultsIn both studies, pre‐specified similarity criteria were met between MK‐1293 and Lantus for comparison of PK (AUC0‐24 and Cmax of M1) and PD (GIR‐AUC0‐24, GIR‐AUC0‐12, GIR‐AUC12‐24, and GIRmax) primary endpoints. All treatments were well tolerated.ConclusionBased on comparative assessment in both T1D and healthy subjects, it can be concluded that the PK and PD properties of MK‐1293 are highly similar to those of Lantus. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02059174).
Seasonal floodplain‐tidal slough complex supports size variation for juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)
Authors: Goertler Pascale A.L. , Sommer Ted R. , Satterthwaite William H. , Schreier Brian M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPopulation diversity is a mechanism for resilience and has been identified as a critical issue for fisheries management, but restoration ecologists lack evidence for specific habitat features or processes that promote phenotypic diversity. Since habitat complexity may affect population diversity, it is important to understand how population diversity is partitioned across landscapes and among populations. In this study, we examined life history diversity based on size distributions of juvenile Central Valley Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) within the Yolo Bypass, a remnant transitional habitat from floodplain to tidal sloughs in the upper San Francisco Estuary (SFE). We used a generalized least squares model with an autoregressive (AR1) correlation structure to describe the distribution of variation in fish size from 1998 to 2014, and tested the effect of two possible drivers of the observed variation: (i) environmental/seasonal drivers within the Yolo Bypass, and (ii) the juvenile Chinook source population within the Sacramento River and northern SFE. We found that the duration of floodplain inundation, water temperature variation, season, and sampling effort influenced the observed time‐specific size distribution of juvenile Chinook salmon in the Yolo Bypass. Given the lack of seasonally inundated habitat and low thermal heterogeneity in the adjacent Sacramento River, these drivers of juvenile size diversification are primarily available to salmon utilizing the Yolo Bypass. Therefore, enhancement of river floodplain‐tidal slough complexes and inundation regimes may support the resilience of imperiled Central Valley Chinook salmon.
Intracellular iron overload leading to DNA damage of lymphocytes and immune dysfunction in thalassemia major patients
Authors: Shaw Jyoti , Chakraborty Ayan , Nag Arijit , Chattopadyay Arnab , Dasgupta Anjan K. , Bhattacharyya Maitreyee 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the cause and effects of intracellular iron overload in lymphocytes of thalassemia major patients.MethodsSixty‐six thalassemia major patients having iron overload and 10 age‐matched controls were chosen for the study. Blood sample was collected, and serum ferritin, oxidative stress; lymphocyte DNA damage were examined, and infective episodes were also counted.ResultsCase‐control analysis revealed significant oxidative stress, iron overload, DNA damage, and rate of infections in thalassemia cases as compared to controls. For cases, oxidative stress (ROS) and iron overload (serum ferritin) showed good correlation with R2 = 0.934 and correlation between DNA damage and ROS gave R2 = 0.961. We also demonstrated that intracellular iron overload in thalassemia caused oxidative damage of lymphocyte DNA as exhibited by DNA damage assay. The inference is further confirmed by partial inhibition of such damage by chelation of iron and the concurrent lowering of the ROS level in the presence of chelator deferasirox.ConclusionTherefore, intracellular iron overload caused DNA fragmentation, which may ultimately hamper lymphocyte function, and this may contribute to immune dysfunction and increased susceptibility to infections in thalassemia patients as indicated by the good correlation (R2 = 0.91) between lymphocyte DNA damage and rate of infection found in this study.
Effects of avpr1a length polymorphism on male social behavior and reproduction in semi‐natural populations of prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster)
Authors: Keane Brian , Castelli Frank R. , Davis Haley , Crist Thomas O. , Solomon Nancy G. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIntraspecific variation in sociosexual behavior has typically been investigated in the context of its relationship with environmental factors, but neurogenetic factors can also influence sociosexual behavior. In laboratory studies of prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster), length polymorphism of microsatellite DNA within the gene (avpr1a) encoding the vasopressin 1a receptor is correlated with variation in male sociosexual behavior. However, field studies of prairie voles have found the relationship between male avpr1a microsatellite allele length and sociosexual behavior to be more ambiguous, possibly because most males had alleles of intermediate length. We tested the hypothesis that avpr1a microsatellite allele length mediates male sociosexual behavior in field settings by releasing voles into field enclosures where every male possessed two avpr1a microsatellite alleles at least one standard error longer or shorter than the mean length in their population of origin. Voles from an Illinois and Kansas population were examined separately as social monogamy appears more prevalent in the Illinois population. Illinois males with long avpr1a microsatellite alleles had smaller home ranges and overlapped a greater proportion of the home range of the female that they overlapped the most. Kansas males showed the opposite pattern. Illinois, but not Kansas, males with long avpr1a microsatellite alleles sired offspring with more females and sired more litters. Our results support the hypothesis that genetic variation associated with the avpr1a gene plays a role in mediating male prairie vole sociosexual behavior in nature. However, the relationship between specific male behaviors and male avpr1a microsatellite allele length sometimes differed significantly between Kansas and Illinois voles, suggesting relationships between specific male sociosexual behaviors and polymorphism associated with the avpr1a locus are complex, possibly involving specific nucleotide sequences or other population‐specific genetic differences.
The History of Common Market Law Review 1963–1993
Authors: Byberg Rebekka 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe transnational organisation of an academic discipline of European law has been a key component in the history of European law. A constitutive element is explored in this article, namely, the journal Common Market Law Review (CML Rev.). General existing claims of a strong connection between the Community institutions and academia in the transnational, academic discipline of European law are substantiated, and it is documented how CML Rev. legitimised the jurisprudence of the ECJ, differentiated European law from international law and countered national criticism as the academic lighthouse of the discipline in the 1960s and 1970s. In the 1980s, other forces drove the academic field forward, and CML Rev. lost its position as the avant‐garde in the discipline, but the journal developed a critical stance and rejected the most radical claims of the ECJ on the ultimate authority as part of a development towards professional maturity in the same period.
A multicentre study of long‐term follow‐up and owner satisfaction following enucleation in horses
Authors: Wright K. , Ireland J. L. , Rendle D. I. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryBackgroundHorses are reported to return to a variety of disciplines following unilateral enucleation; however, owners of horses with ocular disease are frequently reluctant to consider the procedure. There is little published information investigating owners’ attitudes towards, and satisfaction following, enucleation.ObjectivesTo investigate the hypotheses: 1) horses return to their previous level of work following unilateral enucleation and 2) their owners are satisfied with the post‐operative outcome.Study designRetrospective case series with cross‐sectional survey.MethodsClinical records from eight equine referral centres in the United Kingdom were reviewed to identify horses that underwent enucleation between August 2006 and March 2015. Owner questionnaires were completed to corroborate information provided by medical records and obtain information on client perceptions.ResultsA total of 170 cases were identified and 119 owner questionnaires completed. The most frequent primary uses of horses in the study were pleasure/leisure riding, showjumping and dressage, with 25.2% (n = 30) of horses used for competition. Following enucleation, 77.3% (n = 92) of horses were performing at an equivalent or higher level than prior to enucleation and 60.0% (n = 18/30) of competition horses were competing at an equivalent or higher level. Complications related to the surgical site (predominantly mild post‐operative swelling) were reported in 3.7% of cases and nonocular complications in 3.7% of cases. Of owners who reported being concerned or very concerned about certain factors prior to surgery, ≥86.8% reported that these factors caused little or no issue post‐surgery. Most owners, 90.8% (n = 108) were pleased with the outcome following surgery, with 21.3% (n = 23/108) wishing the procedure had been undertaken sooner.Main limitationsRetrospective data collection from clinical records and the potential for recall bias.ConclusionsHorses can return successfully to a variety of disciplines following enucleation. Owners are satisfied with the outcome and pleased that enucleation was performed.
Routine detection of serum antidesmocollin autoantibodies is only useful in patients with atypical pemphigus
Authors: Mindorf Swantje , Dettmann Inga M. , Krüger Stine , Fuhrmann Tarek , Rentzsch Kristin , Karl Ingolf , Probst Christian , Komorowski Lars , Fechner Kai , van Beek Nina , Lemcke Susanne , Sárdy Miklós , Bangert Christine , Benoit Sandrine , Hashimoto Takashi , Zillikens Detlef , Pas Hendri H. , Jonkman Marcel F. , Stöcker Winfried , Schmidt Enno ,   the International Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Study Group
Published: August 2017

AbstractAutoantibodies against the 3 desmocollin (Dsc; Dsc1‐Dsc3) isoforms have been described in different pemphigus variants. Here, we developed state‐of‐the‐art detection systems for serum anti‐Dsc1, Dsc2 and Dsc1 IgG and IgA. These assays were applied in 5 different cohorts including pemphigus vulgaris (PV) patients with compatible direct immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy but no reactivity against desmogleins 1 and 3 (n = 24) and sera from patients with autoimmune blistering diseases with positive direct IF microscopy taken at the time of diagnosis (n = 749). We found that detection of anti‐Dsc serum reactivity is not helpful in the routine diagnosis of PV, pemphigus foliaceus and paraneoplastic pemphigus but may be valuable in pemphigus vegetans.
Pharmacological evidence of involvement of nitric oxide pathway in anti‐pruritic effects of sumatriptan in chloroquine‐induced scratching in mice
Authors: Haddadi Nazgol‐Sadat , Ostadhadi Sattar , Shakiba Saeed , Afshari Khashayar , Rahimi Nastaran , Foroutan Arash , Dehpour Ahmad‐Reza 
Published: August 2017

AbstractChloroquine (CQ) induces histamine‐independent itch in human and mice. We recently reported the role of intradermal nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway in CQ‐evoked scratching in mice. Chloroquine stimulates neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) activity to over‐producing NO in the skin. Sumatriptan, a 5‐hydroxytryptamine 1b/1d receptors (5‐HTR1b/1d) agonist, is involved in pain and used to treat migraine and cluster headaches. According to previous studies, sumatriptan inhibits NOS activity. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effect of sumatriptan on CQ‐induced scratching. We used the rostral back model of itch. Chloroquine was injected intradermally into the rostral back of NMRI mice, and the scratching behavior was evaluated by measuring the number of bouts over 30 min. We evaluated the effect of sumatriptan and combination of sumatriptan and a non‐selective NO synthase inhibitor, L‐N‐nitro arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME), on the scratching behavior. Additionally, the changes of skin, hippocampus, and cortical nitrite level after different treatments were studied. Intraperitoneal and intradermal sumatriptan attenuates CQ‐induced itch which reversed by GR‐127935, the selective 5‐HTR1b and 5‐HTR1d antagonist. Co‐administration of subeffective doses of sumatriptan and L‐NAME significantly decreases the scratching behavior. Intradermal injection of CQ significantly increases the intradermal nitrite levels while it does not have any significant effects on hippocampal or cortical nitrite concentrations. Likewise, the effective doses of intraperitoneal and intradermal sumatriptan significantly reduce intradermal nitrite levels. We concluded that sumatriptan suppresses CQ‐induced itch most likely by activating 5‐HT1b/1d receptors. This effect probably mediates through NO pathway.
Contrasting physiological responses to future ocean acidification among Arctic copepod populations
Authors: Thor Peter , Bailey Allison , Dupont Sam , Calosi Piero , Søreide Janne E. , De Wit Pierre , Guscelli Ella , Loubet‐Sartrou Lea , Deichmann Ida M. , Candee Martin M. , Svensen Camilla , King Andrew L. , Bellerby Richard G. J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWidespread ocean acidification (OA) is modifying the chemistry of the global ocean, and the Arctic is recognized as the region where the changes will progress at the fastest rate. Moreover, Arctic species show lower capacity for cellular homeostasis and acid‐base regulation rendering them particularly vulnerable to OA. In the present study, we found physiological differences in OA response across geographically separated populations of the keystone Arctic copepod Calanus glacialis. In copepodites stage CIV, measured reaction norms of ingestion rate and metabolic rate showed severe reductions in ingestion and increased metabolic expenses in two populations from Svalbard (Kongsfjord and Billefjord) whereas no effects were observed in a population from the Disko Bay, West Greenland. At pHT 7.87, which has been predicted for the Svalbard west coast by year 2100, these changes resulted in reductions in scope for growth of 19% in the Kongsfjord and a staggering 50% in the Billefjord. Interestingly, these effects were not observed in stage CV copepodites from any of the three locations. It seems that CVs may be more tolerant to OA perhaps due to a general physiological reorganization to meet low intracellular pH during hibernation. Needless to say, the observed changes in the CIV stage will have serious implications for the C. glacialis population health status and growth around Svalbard. However, OA tolerant populations such as the one in the Disko Bay could help to alleviate severe effects in C. glacialis as a species.
Offsetting global warming‐induced elevated greenhouse gas emissions from an arable soil by biochar application
Authors: Bamminger Chris , Poll Christian , Marhan Sven 
Published: August 2017

AbstractGlobal warming will likely enhance greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from soils. Due to its slow decomposability, biochar is widely recognized as effective in long‐term soil carbon (C) sequestration and in mitigation of soil GHG emissions. In a long‐term soil warming experiment (+2.5 °C, since July 2008) we studied the effect of applying high‐temperature Miscanthus biochar (0, 30 t/ha, since August 2013) on GHG emissions and their global warming potential (GWP) during 2 years in a temperate agroecosystem. Crop growth, physical and chemical soil properties, temperature sensitivity of soil respiration (Rs), and metabolic quotient (qCO2) were investigated to yield further information about single effects of soil warming and biochar as well as on their interactions. Soil warming increased total CO2 emissions by 28% over 2 years. The effect of warming on soil respiration did not level off as has often been observed in less intensively managed ecosystems. However, the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration was not affected by warming. Overall, biochar had no effect on most of the measured parameters, suggesting its high degradation stability and its low influence on microbial C cycling even under elevated soil temperatures. In contrast, biochar × warming interactions led to higher total N2O emissions, possibly due to accelerated N‐cycling at elevated soil temperature and to biochar‐induced changes in soil properties and environmental conditions. Methane uptake was not affected by soil warming or biochar. The incorporation of biochar‐C into soil was estimated to offset warming‐induced elevated GHG emissions for 25 years. Our results highlight the suitability of biochar for C sequestration in cultivated temperate agricultural soil under a future elevated temperature. However, the increased N2O emissions under warming limit the GHG mitigation potential of biochar.
Pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy of a recombinant factor IX product, trenonacog alfa in previously treated haemophilia B patients
Authors: Collins P. W. , Quon D. V. K. , Makris M. , Chowdary P. , Kempton C. L. , Apte S. J. , Ramanan M. V. , Hay C. R. M. , Drobic B. , Hua Y. , Babinchak T. J. , Gomperts E. D. 
Published: August 2017

IntroductionTrenonacog alfa (IB1001) is a recombinant factor IX (rFIX) manufactured in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. IB1001 was evaluated in a multicentre clinical trial with haemophilia B patients.AimThe aim was to establish IB1001 pharmacokinetic non‐inferiority to comparator rFIX, safety and efficacy in previously treated patients (PTPs) with haemophilia B.MethodsSubjects were severe or moderately severe haemophilia B adult and adolescent PTPs with no history of FIX inhibitors.ResultsIB1001 PK non‐inferiority to comparator rFIX was demonstrated through ratio of AUC0‐∞ in 32 subjects. IB1001 was well tolerated in all 76 treated subjects; the most common adverse drug reaction was headache (2.6% of subjects) and there were no reports of FIX inhibitors. Transient non‐inhibitory binding FIX antibodies and anti‐CHO cell protein antibodies developed in 21% and 29% of subjects respectively; no safety concerns were associated with development of these antibodies. Prophylaxis (mean duration ± SD: 17.9 ± 9.6 months, mean dose: 55.5 ± 12.9 IU/kg, median 1.0 infusion per week) was effective in preventing bleeds (median annual bleed rate: 1.52, interquartile range: 0.0‐3.46). One or two IB1001 infusions resolved 84% of the bleeds, while for 84% of treatments haemostatic efficacy of IB1001 was rated excellent or good. IB1001 haemostatic efficacy for all 19 major surgeries was rated adequate or better than adequate.ConclusionsIB1001 is safe and efficacious for treatment of bleeds, routine prophylaxis and perioperative management in haemophilia B patients.
The impact of body image on Fitbit use: a comparison across genders
Authors: Edwards Amber 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis article is the first in the feature to explore personal tracking devices – in this case the Fitbit – and the relationship between their use and people's self‐perceptions and behaviour. Amber Edwards conducted the research for her MA dissertation at the University of Sheffield, graduating with an MA in Librarianship in January 2017. Her study shows that body image plays a large role in Fitbit use and that this is slightly more evident in females than males, although the differences are subtle. She argues that the results have implications for information professionals involved in teaching health information literacy. Amber began working in the library at Bishop Grosseteste University in June 2016, while completing her dissertation.A. M.
In‐house peer supported literature search training: a public health perspective
Authors: Tran Anh 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPublic Health England plays a vital role in ensuring the health of the nation. The Knowledge and Library Service (KLS) is a key part of the organisation's evidence supply chain. KLS staff handle over 200 requests for literature searches per annum, and this number is increasing exponentially year on year. Searches are often complex and require specialist public health knowledge to complete effectively. Library staff who are new to the area of public health require support and training. In this article, Anh Tran, Knowledge and Evidence Specialist for Public Health England, discusses a peer supported literature search training course that has been developed in‐house for the benefit of new library staff, and to increase the Knowledge and Library Service's literature searching capacity at Public Health England.H. S.