bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distance and Properties of NGC 4993 as the Host Galaxy of the Gravitational-wave Source GW170817
Authors: Im Myungshin , Yoon Yongmin , Lee Seong-Kook J. , Lee Hyung Mok , Kim Joonho , Lee Chung-Uk , Kim Seung-Lee , Troja Eleonora , Choi Changsu , Lim Gu , Ko Jongwan , Shim Hyunjin 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Recently, the optical counterpart of the gravitational-wave source GW170817 has been identified in the NGC 4993 galaxy. Together with evidence from observations in electromagnetic waves, the event has been suggested as a result of a merger of two neutron stars (NSs). We analyze the multi-wavelength data to characterize the host galaxy property and its distance to examine if the properties of NGC 4993 are consistent with this picture. Our analysis shows that NGC 4993 is a bulge-dominated galaxy with

and a Sérsic index of

for the bulge component. The spectral energy distribution from 0.15 to 24 μm indicates that this galaxy has no significant ongoing star formation, a mean stellar mass of

, a mean stellar age greater than ∼3 Gyr, and a metallicity of about 20%–100% of solar abundance. Optical images reveal dust lanes and extended features that suggest a past merging activity. Overall, NGC 4993 has characteristics of normal, but slightly disturbed elliptical galaxies. Furthermore, we derive the distance to NGC 4993 with the fundamental plane relation using 17 parameter sets of 7 different filters and the central stellar velocity dispersion from the literature, finding an angular diameter distance of 37.7 ± 8.7 Mpc. NGC 4993 is similar to some host galaxies of short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) but much different from those of long GRBs, supporting the picture of GW170817 as a result of the merger of two NSs.
Histological Characteristics of Bruises with Different Age
Authors: Kostadinova-Petrova Irena , Mitevska Elida , Janeska Biljana 
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND: In forensics bruises as injuries take an important part in the interpretation of the causes of death. Since activating the inflammatory response of the body in their formation, histological analysis of the bruised tissue can provide data on the determination the time when the injury occurred.AIM: The aim of this study is to compare the histological features of 1-day and 5-days old bruises.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Bruised human skin samples, 1-day old in group A and 5-day-old in group B, obtained at autopsy from individuals who died from a violent death, were analyzed in this study. The qualitative microscopic analysis was performed on serial paraffin sections of tissues stained with Hematoxylin-eosin and Pearls Prussian Blue method, using a light microscope connected to a digital camera.RESULTS: Qualitative histological analysis of the studied group A presented with fresh bruises, less than 24 hours old, showed ruptured smaller vessels and extravasated red blood cells in the connective tissue of the skin, with subsequent expansion and infiltration of fibrous septa of the skin. In the area of bleeding an initial infiltration by macrophages was observed. In the studied group B, presented with bruises 3-7 days old, histological analysis showed a marked presence of hemosiderin-laden macrophages and presence of hematoidin granules in the area of bleeding, as well as ruptured small blood vessels and red blood cells extravasation in the dilated fibrous septa.CONCLUSION: A detailed analysis of tissue changes in bruises every day from the initiation until their recovery, a detailed description of the histological finding can be given, which will be supported in the precise determination of the age of the injuries themselves.
La Belgique, terre brassicole par excellence, entre modernité et tradition
Authors: Tilly Pierre 
Published: October 2017

Les brasseurs peuvent se targuer de produire les meilleures bières au monde. La Belgique et sa longue tradition brassicole est considérée comme « le » pays de la bière, par excellence. Elle abrite le plus grand producteur mondial, Anheuser-Busch (AB) InBev basé à Leuven. Mais une des caractéristiques majeures du secteur est sa grande diversité et l’existence de grandes variétés d’entreprises qui constituent un grand atout en termes de qualité et d’expérimentation. Avant la Première Guerre mondiale, ce sont des entreprises locales et familiales qui dominent le marché belge mais la mise en perspective historique met en lumière la modification importante des structures du marché dans les années 1970 en raison d’une concurrence accrue et d’une vague inédite de concentration verticale et horizontale dans le secteur industriel brassicole. Toutefois des PME continuent d’exister et de se développer parallèlement à ces grandes entreprises en permettant le maintien d’une production artisanale. Ce qui donne aujourd’hui encore une coloration particulière au monde brassicole belge.
The relationship between physical fitness and community participation in people with spinal cord injury
Authors: Van Der Westhuizen Linda , Mothabeng Diphale J. , Nkwenika Tshifhiwa M. 
Published: October 2017

Background: People with spinal cord injury (PWSCI) who use wheelchairs for mobility tend to be physically inactive because of their limited mobility. Poor endurance and exercise tolerance, associated with poor physical fitness, can make it challenging to meet the physical demands of activities such as manoeuvring a wheelchair over gravel roads. This may lead to poor community participation in activities PWSCI were involved in pre-morbidly. To date, no studies have been conducted in South Africa on what the relationship is between physical fitness and community participation in PWSCI.Aim: The purpose of this study was to establish the relationship between physical fitness and community participation in PWSCI.Methodology: An exploratory cross-sectional survey was conducted on PWSCI living in the Greater Tshwane Metropolitan City. Physical fitness was measured using the 6 minute push test (6MPT) and the Borg scale. Community participation was measured using the Reintegration to Normal Living Index (RNLI). The data were analysed using the Spearman’s Rank correlation at a 5% level of significance.Results: Moderate to poor associations were found between the 6MPT and the Borg scale with the RNLI (r = 0.637; p < 0.001 and r = −0.325; p = 0.013, respectively). These results indicate that the participants who were able to push further in 6 min and had better endurance were more satisfied with their perceived community participation.Conclusion: This study shows that there is a relationship between physical fitness and community participation in PWSCI. Information gained from this study lays the foundation for more studies in this area, and for possible improvement in rehabilitation practice.
Lo tecnológico y la muerte. Supervivencias testamentarias en línea
Authors: Carolina Mazzetti Latini Carolina Mazzetti Latini , Emanuelli Paulina-Beatriz , Martínez Arcos Cruz Alberto 
Published: October 2017

Con el propósito de trascender las posturas binarias, se ofrecen interrogantes para evidenciar la coexistencia de categorías que configuran una trama en tensión en torno a lo tecnológico. Metodología y discusión: A partir de un corpus teórico se abordan manifestaciones acerca de la muerte en entornos virtuales que, haciendo de la experiencia de la ausencia una presencia, dan cuenta de trasformaciones sustanciales en los procesos de comunicación. Resultados y conclusiones: La facilidad con que los vivos pueden mezclarse con los rastros transmisibles de los muertos, evidencia que lo tecnológico habilita la ruptura de ataduras no solo en cuanto a la distancia sino también en lo relativo a la muerte, recuperándola como intercambio social diacrónico.
Development of a comprehensive database of scattering environmental conditions and simulation constraints for offshore wind turbines
Authors: Hübler Clemens , Gebhardt Cristian Guillermo , Rolfes Raimund 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. For the design and optimisation of offshore wind turbines, the knowledge of realistic environmental conditions and utilisation of well-founded simulation constraints is very important, as both influence the structural behaviour and power output in numerical simulations. However, real high-quality data, especially for research purposes, are scarcely available. This is why, in this work, a comprehensive database of 13 environmental conditions at wind turbine locations in the North and Baltic Sea is derived using data of the FINO research platforms. For simulation constraints, like the simulation length and the time of initial simulation transients, well-founded recommendations in the literature are also rare. Nevertheless, it is known that the choice of simulation lengths and times of initial transients fundamentally affects the quality and computing time of simulations. For this reason, studies of convergence for both parameters are conducted to determine adequate values depending on the type of substructure, the wind speed, and the considered loading (fatigue or ultimate). As the main purpose of both the database and the simulation constraints is to compromise realistic data for probabilistic design approaches and to serve as a guidance for further studies in order to enable more realistic and accurate simulations, all results are freely available and easy to apply.
University Students' Knowledge about Diabetes' Causes, Symptoms and Treatments
Authors: Alnajadat Hussain Matrook 
Published: October 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the degree of knowledge of the students at Tafila Technical University (TTU) about diabetes in terms of its causes, symptoms and treatments. The sample of the study consisted of 171 male and female students enrolled at the Faculty of Educational Sciences for the academic year 2015/2016. To achieve the aims of the study, the researcher developed a questionnaire consisting of 25 items distributed over two groups, ten items consisted of four multiple answers, while the other 15 ones were based on a yes–or-no pattern verified by the norms of honesty and consistency. The results of the study showed that there were statistically significant differences in the degree of knowledge of the students about diabetes, attributed to first-degree relatives with diabetes or not. In addition, the results also showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the degree of knowledge about diabetes attributed to gender, major and academic year.
New records of the rare gastropods Erato voluta and Simnia patula, and first record of Simnia hiscocki from Norway
Authors: Sneli Jon-Arne , Bakken Torkild 
Published: October 2017

New records of rare gastropod species are reported. A live specimen of Erato voluta (Gastropoda: Triviidae), a species considered to have a far more southern distribution, has been found from outside the Trondheimsfjord. The specimen was sampled from a gravel habitat with Modiolus shells at 49–94 m depth, and was found among compound ascidians, its typical food resource. Live specimens of Simnia patula (Caenogastropoda: Ovulidae) have during the later years repeatedly been observed on locations on the coast of central Norway, which is documented by in situ observations. In Egersund on the southwest coast of Norway a specimen of Simnia hiscocki was in March 2017 observed for the first time from Norwegian waters, a species earlier only found on the south-west coast of England. Also this was documented by pictures and in situ observations. The specimen of Simnia hiscocki was for the first time found on the octocoral Swiftia pallida.
The Effect of Performance on Israeli Equity Fund Flows
Authors: Arbaa Ofer , Varon Eva , Benzion Uri 
Published: October 2017

This paper examines the influence of past performance on Israeli equity mutual funds' net flows between January 2004 and July 2014, using the most recommended and reliable two-cluster regression methodology. Apparently, Israeli investors are more sensitive to risk adjusted returns than absolute returns and the most recent performance seems to be more influential on fund flows than on longer-term past performance. Moreover, investors flock to the latest winners and do not leave the funds with the poorest performance. The effect of past performance seems to be more salient on flows of advertised funds than of those with no advertisement. The results in Israel augment the scant work on mutual fund flows outside the US and add support to a growing body of literature documenting irrational investor behavior worldwide.
Serial Tissue Expansion at the Same Site in Pediatric Patients: Is the Subsequent Expansion Faster?
Authors: Lee Moon Ki , Park Seong Oh , Choi Tae Hyun 
Published: October 2017

Background Serial tissue expansion is performed to remove giant congenital melanocytic nevi. However, there have been no studies comparing the expansion rate between the subsequent and preceding expansions. In this study, we analyzed the rate of expansion in accordance with the number of surgeries, expander location, expander size, and sex.
Methods A retrospective analysis was performed in pediatric patients who underwent tissue expansion for giant congenital melanocytic nevi. We tested four factors that may influence the expansion rate: The number of surgeries, expander location, expander size, and sex. The rate of expansion was calculated by dividing the ‘inflation amount’ by the ‘expander size’.
Results The expansion rate, compared with the first-time group, was 1.25 times higher in the second-or-more group (P=0.04) and 1.84 times higher in the third-or-more group (P<0.01). The expansion rate was higher at the trunk than at other sites (P<0.01). There was a tendency of lower expansion rate for larger expanders (P=0.03). Sex did not affect the expansion rate.
Conclusions There was a positive correlation between the number of surgeries and the expansion rate, a positive correlation between the expander location and the expansion rate, and a negative correlation between the expander size and the expansion rate.
The Effect of Low-Dose Nitroglycerin Ointment on Skin Flap Necrosis in Breast Reconstruction after Skin-Sparing or Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy
Authors: Yun Min Ho , Yoon Eul Sik , Lee Byung-Il , Park Seung-Ha 
Published: October 2017

Background Skin flap necrosis is a common complication after mastectomy and breast reconstruction. It has been proven that nitroglycerin ointment, as a topical vasodilator, can decrease the rate of skin flap necrosis after mastectomy and breast reconstruction. However, nitroglycerin can cause several side effects, including headache, dizziness, and hypotension. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the application of a low dose of nitroglycerin ointment reduced the rate of skin flap necrosis in breast reconstruction after skin-sparing or nipple-sparing mastectomy.
Methods A total of 73 cases of breast reconstruction after nipple-sparing and skin-sparing mastectomy at our institution from March 2012 to January 2017 were retrospectively studied. Of these patients, 52 received nitroglycerin ointment (4.5 mg) application to the skin around the nipple-areolar complex from August 2015 to January 2017, while 21 received fusidic acid ointment from March 2012 to August 2015. The number of patients who experienced necrosis of the breast skin flap was counted in both groups.
Results Skin flap necrosis developed in 2 (3.8%) patients who were treated with nitroglycerin ointment and 5 (23.8%) patients who did not receive nitroglycerin ointment treatment. Patients who did not receive nitroglycerin ointment treatment had a significantly higher risk of mastectomy skin flap necrosis than patients who did (odds ratio=7.81; 95% confidence interval, 1.38 to 44.23; P=0.02).
Conclusions Low-dose nitroglycerin ointment administration significantly decreased the rate of skin flap necrosis in patients who underwent breast reconstruction after skin-sparing or nipple-sparing mastectomy, without increasing the incidence of the side effects of nitroglycerin.
Le Château de Monte-Cristo : au carrefour de la macro et de la micro-histoire
Authors: Lefebvre Laurent 
Published: October 2017

À travers l’analyse du château de Monte-Cristo, cet article permet de réfléchir au croisement de différentes échelles au sein d’un même travail historique. Nous cherchons à faire ressortir les apports d’une approche à la fois micro et macro-historique. Plus concrètement, nous nous pencherons sur l’intégration et sur l’interprétation de la situation socioculturelle internationale française d’Alexandre Dumas à Monte-Cristo (1844-1849). Notre réflexion se concentrera sur l’intégration des mouvements orientalistes et romantiques, mais aussi d’une culture européenne « commune » chez le célèbre écrivain.
Energy Tunneling Behavior in Geometrically Separated Wave Guides
Authors: Omar M. , Ramzan R. , Saddiqui O. F. 
Published: October 2017

In this paper, characteristics of energy tunneling channel between the waveguides geometrically separated by a coaxial cable are studied. The novel aspect of design is use of coaxial channel to connect the waveguides while maintaining the energy tunneling phenomena. As anticipated the tunneling frequency depends upon the length of wire inside the waveguide and the length of the coaxial cable. The tunneling frequency also depends upon the dielectric constant of the material inside the waveguide and coaxial cable. At tunneling frequency the field strength (E and H) in the channel is extremely high, making the channel extremely sensitive to small change in permittivity of dielectric occupying the channel. The advantage of the proposed design is, its ability to tune to desired tunneling frequency just by changing the length of the coaxial cable without the need to redesign the waveguide height to accommodate the long tunneling wires. This structure can be used as dielectric sensor both for solid or liquid dielectrics just by placing the sample in coaxial cable cavity, contrary to previously report work where the sample has to be placed inside the waveguide.
Low Radar Cross-section and Low Cost Dipole Antenna Reflector
Authors: Machado G. G. , De Melo M. T. , Silva Filho H. V. H. , Neto A. G. , De Souza T. R. 
Published: October 2017

This paper presents a method for reducing Radar CrossSection (RCS) of an increased gain metal backed dipole antenna. Numerical simulations were done and compared to a laboratory experiment. The results show that when a Perfect Electrical Conductor (PEC) is replaced by a Frequency Selective Surface (FSS), the antenna is still able to perform with the desired characteristics, but the RCS of the structure is greatly reduced out of band. The design of the FSS and the return loss, gain improvement, and RCS are presented for an antenna operating at 4.2GHz, and the results are compared with a conventional metal backed layout. Measurements show a good agreement with the simulations, and so the advantages on other structures from the reviewed literature are mentioned.
Toward a New UV Index Diagnostic in the Met Office's Forecast Model
Authors: Turner E. C. , Manners J. , Morcrette C. J. , O'Hagan J. B. , Smedley A. R. D. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe United Kingdom sporadically experiences low ozone events in the spring which can increase UV to harmful levels and is particularly dangerous as sunburn is not expected by the public at this time of year. This study investigates the benefits to the UV Index diagnostic produced by the UM at the Met Office of including either, or both of, a more highly resolved spectrum, and forecasted ozone profiles from the ECMWF CAMS database. Two new configurations of the spectral parameters governing the radiative transfer calculation over the UV region are formulated using the correlated‐k method to give surface fluxes that are within 0.1 UV Index of an accurate reference scheme. Clear‐sky comparisons of modeled fluxes with ground‐based spectral observations at two UK sites (Reading and Chilton) between 2011 and 2015 show that when raw CAMS ozone profiles are included noontime UV indices are always overestimated, by up to 3 UV indices at a low ozone event and up to 1.5 on a clear summer day, suggesting CAMS ozone concentrations are too low. The new spectral parameterizations reduce UV Index biases, apart from when combined with ozone profiles that are significantly underestimated. When the same biases are examined spectrally across the UV region some low biases on low ozone days are found to be the result of compensating errors in different parts of the spectrum. Aerosols are postulated to be an additional source of error if their actual concentrations are higher than those modeled.
The Surface Energy Budget Computed at the Grid‐Scale of a Climate Model Challenged by Station Data in West Africa
Authors: Diallo F. B. , Hourdin F. , Rio C. , Traore A.‐K. , Mellul L. , Guichard F. , Kergoat L. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn most state‐of‐the‐art climate models, systematic errors persist in the representation of the rainfall seasonality, near surface air temperature, and surface energy budget over West Africa, even during the dry season. Most biases are related to an incorrect latitudinal position of the monsoon structures. To disentangle the role of the large‐scale dynamics from that of the physical processes in these biases, simulations are performed with the LMDZ general circulation model in which the horizontal winds are nudged toward reanalysis. Wind nudging greatly improves the position of the ITCZ as well as the representation of the components of the surface energy budget directly impacted by the water budget and hence facilitates a more systematic analysis of remaining biases associated with the physics in the model. The great potential of wind nudging to compare the energetics of the atmospheric column in climate models at grid cell scale with station observations, even for coarse grid models, is then shown. Despite the improved water advection and rainfall seasonality in the nudged simulations, errors consisting in a cold bias during the dry season over Sahel, an underestimated seasonal variation of surface albedo, and an overestimation of the solar incoming flux remain. The origin of these remaining biases is further investigated by conducting a series of dedicated sensitivity experiments. Results highlight the key role of the soil thermal inertia, the turbulent mixing efficiency, the surface albedo, and the aerosols and clouds radiative effects in the representation of meteorological 2m‐variables and surface energy budget.