bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electric Field Mediated Unclogging of Angstrom‐Scale Channels
Authors: Goutham Solleti , Gogoi Raj Kumar , Jyothilal Hiran , Nam Gwang‐Hyeon , Ismail Abdulghani , Pandey Siddhi Vinayak , Keerthi Ashok , Radha Boya 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAngstrom‐scale fluidic channels offer immense potential for applications in areas such as desalination, molecular sieving, biomolecular sequencing, and dialysis. Inspired by biological ion channels, nano‐ and angstrom (Å)‐scale channels are fabricated that mimic these molecular or atomic‐scale dimensions. At the Å‐scale, these channels exhibit unique phenomena, including selective ion transport, osmotic energy generation, fast water and gas flows, and neuromorphic ion memory. However, practical utilization of Å‐scale channels is often hindered by contamination, which can clog these nanochannels. In this context, a promising technique is introduced here for unclogging 2D channels, particularly those with sub‐nanometre dimensions (≈6.8 Å). The voltage‐cycling method emerges as an efficient and reliable solution for this challenge. The electric field effectively dislodges contaminants from the clogged Å‐scale channels, facilitating ion and molecular transport. This study provides practical guidelines for reviving clogged nano‐ and Å‐scale channels, thereby enhancing their applicability in various ion and molecular transport applications.
Monitoring of historical structural materials with computed tomography
Authors: Csorba Kristóf , Kapitány Kristóf , Cimer Zsolt , Hlavička Viktor , Biró András , Lublóy Éva 
Published: October 2024

AbstractComputed tomography (CT) is an excellent tool to solve certain engineering problems connected to material science (such as sulfate swelling, internal degradation due to freezing, and alkali silicate swelling) and to understand specific processes (frost peeling, acid action). Albeit borne and mostly used in the medical domain, CT is increasingly used in the examination of the internal structure of building materials, where degradation processes occur to the detriment of their mechanical performance and durability. This paper presents five engineering problems concerning concrete freezing and thawing, concrete at high temperatures, timber charring, spalling in asbestos‐cement pipes, and deterioration in prestressed concrete pipes due to the corrosion of metallic inserts. In each case, the degradation processes are monitored via CT, something that may be crucial in the renovation and preservation of historical structures.
Elucidating genetic variability between randomly bred domestic cats and Persian domestic cats from different geographical locations using microsatellite markers
Authors: Mahmoodi Shirin , Rajeoni Ali Hojabr , Zeinolabedini Mehrshad , Javanmard Arash , Banabazi Mohammad Hossein 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe domestic cat (Felis catus) is a newly evolved species in the family Felidae that has developed some great features among mammals. It is critical to conserve these species and prevent inbreeding from reducing their genetic diversity by understanding their genetic relationships and applying the information to breeding management. The diverse population was an excellent choice for studying genetic diversity and inbreeding phenomena.ObjectivesTo conduct this research, 128 individuals from 8 populations, including Azerbaijan, Persian, Ahar, Uermia, Tehran, Karaj, Turkish and Shop cat (both genders), were randomly selected from different geographical regions. We selected eight STR markers with different chromosomal locations based on polymorphism and observed allele numbers in the next step. DNA extraction was performed using tail hair root, PCR and electrophoresis, and gel staining was performed according to routine laboratory protocol. For statistical analysis, CONVERT versions POPGENE, ARLEQUIN GenAlEx and R script analysis.ResultsRemarkably, our results showed that 23 alleles were identified in 128 samples. The highest number of alleles belonged to the FCa096 locus (eight alleles) in the Persian population, followed by FCa045 (seven alleles) in the Persian and Ahar populations. Another new finding is that the lowest number of alleles belonged to the 35 and FCa77 locus (two alleles). In addition, pairwise differentiation between and within populations was examined using the genetic distance index. Overall, the results showed that the degree of differentiation within the population is high in the Turkish population compared to other population groups and lower in the Azerbaijan population. In addition, principal component discriminant analysis‐based analysis based on the ADAGENET package shows the distribution of samples by geographical location. The results show that genetic mixing between populations is high.ConclusionsOn this basis, we conclude that randomly bred domestic cats have a higher level of diversity than Persian domestic cats. This is an interesting topic for future work.
Analysis of Mannose‐Binding Lectin Protein and mRNA Levels on Selected Chicken Breeds in South Africa
Authors: Idowu Peter Ayodeji , Mpofu Takalani J. , Zishiri Oliver T. , Nephawe Khathutshelo A. , Mtileni Bohani 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundMannose‐binding lectin (MBL) is a key component of the innate immune system that plays a crucial role in binding to the microbial sugar surface to recognize and eliminate pathogens by activating the complement system.ObjectiveTo detect and quantify the MBL protein concentration and chicken MBL expression in selected chicken breeds in South Africa.MethodsForty‐five blood samples from three indigenous chicken breeds, Ovambo (OV = 9), Venda (VD = 9) and Potchefstroom Koekoek (PK = 9), and two exotic chicken breeds, Rhode Island Red (RIR = 9) and Lohmann Brown (LB = 9), were used for MBL protein concentration using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques. Also 20 liver samples from symptomatic two indigenous chicken breeds, OV (5) and PK (5), and two exotic chicken breeds, RIR (5) and LB (5), were used for MBL expression using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) techniques. A general linear model was done using Tukey's multiple comparison post hoc test.ResultsThe findings revealed MBL protein concentration from 5.26 to 18.56 µg/mL. The LB breed had the lowest mean 6.40 ± 0.80 µg/mL, whereas the PK breed had the highest mean MBL concentration of 17.70 ± 0.24 µg/mL of MBL protein concentration. At 12, 25 and 35 weeks, the MBL proteins of OV, VD, PK, RIR and LB varied significantly at p ≤ 0.05. The mRNA MBL expression of OV and LB breeds showed a 1‐fold decrease in MBL expression, while RIR showed a 2‐fold increase in MBL expression, and the PK showed more than a 3‐fold increase in MBL expression relative to the control. The least‐squares means for OV, LB, PK and RIR mRNA MBL expression were 0.54 ± 0.19, 0.68 ± 0.30, 4.46 ± 2.76 and 2.89 ± 0.19 µg/mL, respectively.ConclusionMBL protein was detected and quantified with distinct differences in concentration and expression levels at the presence of mycoplasma gallisepticum among the sampled South African chicken breeds. This highlights the genetic diversity of MBL as a tool for disease prevention in South African chicken breeds.
Improvement of Post‐Thaw Quality and In Vivo Fertility of Simmental Bull Spermatozoa Using Ferulic Acid
Authors: Afsar Mobin , Soleimanzadeh Ali , Khaki Amir , Ayen Esmail 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundArtificial insemination and semen cryopreservation have significantly improved the quality and quantity of cattle production. Through cryopreserved semen and artificial insemination, top‐breeding bull sperm can be used to inseminate thousands of cows worldwide.ObjectivesOur study aimed to determine the effect of adding ferulic acid (FA) to a Tris‐based semen extender on frozen and thawed Simmental bull sperm.MethodsSemen samples were collected from three Simmental bulls. Pooled Simmental semen (n = 34 ejaculations) were diluted with a Tris‐base extender containing varying FA concentrations (0.1, 0.15, 0.25, 0.35, and 0.45 mM). After the samples were frozen and thawed, the samples were tested for malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total motility, progressive motility, motility characteristics, and plasma membrane functionality.ResultsThe control and the groups with the best FA concentrations, 0.25 and 0.35, were compared for in vivo fertility. Fifty‐one cows were inseminated 24 h after the onset of oestrus. A rectal examination was used to diagnose pregnancies at least 60 days after fertilization. Results showed that adding FA‐0.45, FA‐0.35, FA‐0.25, and FA‐0.15 to the semen of Simmental bulls improved total and progressive motility, motility characteristics, and plasma membrane functionality. It also increased GPx and TAC levels, reducing MDA and DNA damage after freezing. The addition of FA did not affect SOD values. The fertility rate in the FA‐0.25 and FA‐0.35 groups was higher than in the control group, 35.29%, with rates of 76.47% and 70.58%, respectively.ConclusionsIn conclusion, adding FA (0.15, 0.25, 0.35, and 0.45 mM) to Tris‐based semen extenders can improve the quality parameters of cryopreserved Simmental bull semen and increase in vivo fertility using 0.25 and 0.35 concentrations of FA.
Nanomedicine Therapies for Pediatric Diseases
Authors: Yang Shicheng , Aggarwal Kushi , Jurczyszak Jillian , Brown Needa , Sridhar Srinivas 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn 2020, the top 10 causes of death among children and adolescents between the ages of 1 and 19 years old included cancer, congenital anomalies, heart disease, and chronic respiratory disease; all these conditions are potentially treatable with medical intervention. However, children exhibit specific physiological and developmental characteristics that can significantly impact drug pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety profile. These factors illustrate the importance of a heightened focus on pediatric drug development. Traditional drugs lack proper circulation, permeability, targeting, accumulation, and release, and they often require dose adjustments or modifications, which can result in suboptimal therapeutic outcomes and increased risks of adverse effects in pediatric patients. Nanomedicines have emerged as efficient drug delivery systems because of their unique properties, which can improve the solubility and stability of drugs by encapsulating them in different forms of nanoparticles. This review discusses the challenges of pediatric therapy, and the current state of nanomedicines for pediatric diseases in terms of Food and Drug Administration‐approved nanomedicines, the types of diseases treated or diagnosed, and preclinical studies that have the potential to be translated to the clinic. In summary, nanomedicine holds significant potential for addressing the unique and pressing challenges associated with diagnosing and treating pediatric diseases.
Frames and ontologies in the water conflict at Pampa Colorada in Chile
Authors: Gomis Miguel , Mejía‐Salamanca Camila 
Published: October 2024

AbstractExtractivism in Latin America is complex and triggers interdisciplinary debates, particularly on water conflicts. Despite previous works, the role played by framed values remains unclear. How do agents' ontologies affect water conflict outcomes and vice versa? This text focuses on the Pampa Colorada case in Chile. It analyses agents' framings, collected through organizational documents and 24 semi‐structured in‐depth field interviews. The main finding is that ontological differences between agents exist, but struggles can lead to vocabulary and narrative appropriations.
Overview of Manufacturing
Authors: Ivanov Vitalii , Evtuhov Artem , Dehtiarov Ivan , Trojanowska Justyna 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEngineering output usually concerns machines. A machine is a mechanism or a combination of mechanisms that perform work or convert energy. There are enterprises that manufacture a large engineering output (e.g., pistons, ball, and roller bearings). Such an output is called a product. Depending on their use purpose, products can be obtained from main and auxiliary manufacture.
Simple and robust high-throughput serum proteomics workflow with low-microflow LC–MS/MS
Authors: Seo Yoondam , Kang Inseon , Lee Hyeon-Jeong , Hwang Jiin , Kwak Soo Heon , Oh Min-Kyu , Lee Hyunbeom , Min Hophil 
Published: October 2024

AbstractClinical proteomics has substantially advanced in identifying and quantifying proteins from biofluids, such as blood, contributing to the discovery of biomarkers. The throughput and reproducibility of serum proteomics for large-scale clinical sample analyses require improvements. High-throughput analysis typically relies on automated equipment, which can be costly and has limited accessibility. In this study, we present a rapid, high-throughput workflow low-microflow LC–MS/MS method without automation. This workflow was optimized to minimize the preparation time and costs by omitting the depletion and desalting steps. The developed method was applied to data-independent acquisition (DIA) analysis of 235 samples, and it consistently yielded approximately 6000 peptides and 600 protein groups, including 33 FDA-approved biomarkers. Our results demonstrate that an 18-min DIA high-throughput workflow, assessed through intermittently collected quality control samples, ensures reproducibility and stability even with 2 µL of serum. It was successfully used to analyze serum samples from patients with diabetes having chronic kidney disease (CKD), and could identify five dysregulated proteins across various CKD stages.
A framework for visual comparison of scalar fields with uncertainty
Authors: Leonhardt Viktor , Wiebel Alexander , Garth Christoph 
Published: October 2024

AbstractScientists working with uncertain data, such as climate simulations, medical images, or ensembles of physical simulations, regularly confront the problem of comparing observations, e.g., to identify similarities, differences, or patterns. Current approaches in comparative visualization of uncertain scalar fields mainly rely on juxtaposition of both data and uncertainties, where each is represented using, e.g., color mapping or volume rendering. While interpretation of uncertain scalar data from visual encodings is already cognitively challenging, comparison of uncertain fields without explicit visualization support adds a further layer of complexity. In this paper, we present a theoretical framework to devise and describe a class of techniques that directly visualize differences between two or more uncertain scalar fields in a single image. We model each such technique as a combination of one or more interpolation stages, with the application of distance measures on random variables to the resulting distributions, and an appropriate visual encoding. Our framework captures existing methods and lends itself well to formulating new comparative visualization techniques for uncertain data for different visualization scenarios. Furthermore, by modeling uncertain scalar field differences as random variables themselves, we enable additional opportunities for comparison. We demonstrate the usefulness of our framework and its properties by applying it to effective comparative visualization techniques for several synthetic and real-world data sets.
What individual needs do family caregivers have in palliative home care and how are they supported? A qualitative study of a supportive intervention
Authors: Kreyer Christiane , Stecher Barbara , Pleschberger Sabine , Ewing Gail 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Family caregivers (FCGs) play a pivotal role in supporting patients in palliative care at home. Person-centred support is crucial to prevent negative outcomes; therefore, evidence-based approaches such as the Carer Support Needs Assessment Tool Intervention (CSNAT-I) are promising. To understand more about the delivery of the intervention, the study focuses on documentation of CSNAT-I in practice in Austria to identify which support needs were discussed with the FCGs and the types of support delivered to meet these needs.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of electronic records was conducted, focusing on documented entries related to the delivery of CSNAT-I over a 21-month period (Dec 2019 to Aug 2021). Both qualitative and quantitative methods were employed for data analysis.

Results
The analysis identified a wide spectrum of FCG support needs, categorised into enabling domains related to caregiving for the patient and direct support needs concerning FCGs’ own health and well-being. The most frequently documented support needs included ‘having time for oneself in the day’ and ‘dealing with feelings and worries’, highlighting the challenges FCGs face in balancing caregiving responsibilities with personal life. Supportive input encompassed advice and information, counselling, education and training, coordination and arrangement, and signposting and referral.

Conclusion
The study stresses the importance of addressing both practical and psychosocial aspects of caregiving, utilising a person-centred approach. Nurses provided comprehensive support mostly directly delivered during their contact with FCGs. CSNAT-I demonstrated flexibility, accommodating the diverse needs of FCGs in different situations, and may contribute to a more supportive care environment.
Probability of a Single Current
Authors: Prolhac Sylvain 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Riemann surface associated with counting the current between two states of an underlying Markov process is hyperelliptic. We explore the consequences of this property for the time-dependent probability of that current for Markov processes with generic transition rates. When the system is prepared in its stationary state, the relevant meromorphic differential is in particular fully characterized by the precise identification of all its poles and zeroes.
Modeling and Analysis of Droplet Evaporation at the Interface of a Coupled Free-Flow–Porous Medium System
Authors: Veyskarami Maziar , Bringedal Carina , Helmig Rainer 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEvaporation of droplets formed at the interface of a coupled free-flow–porous medium system enormously affects the exchange of mass, momentum, and energy between the two domains. In this work, we develop a model to describe multiple droplets’ evaporation at the interface, in which new sets of coupling conditions including the evaporating droplets are developed to describe the interactions between the free flow and the porous medium. Employing pore-network modeling to describe the porous medium, we take the exchanges occurring on the droplet–pore and droplet–free-flow interfaces into account. In this model, we describe the droplet evaporation as a diffusion-driven process, where vapor from the droplet surface diffuses into the surrounding free flow due to the concentration gradient. To validate the model, we compare the simulation results for the evaporation of a single droplet in a channel with experimental data, demonstrating that our model accurately describes the evaporation process. Then, we examine the impact of free-flow and porous medium properties on droplet evaporation. The results show that, among other factors, velocity and relative humidity in the free-flow domain, as well as pore temperature in the porous medium, play key roles in the droplet evaporation process.
Growing Vigorous Potato Seedlings in Plug Trays
Authors: Kacheyo Olivia C. , Schneider Hannah M. , de Vries Michiel E. , Struik Paul C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRaising vigorous and healthy potato seedlings from hybrid true potato seeds (TPS) under nursery conditions is critical for ease of field transplanting and seedling crop establishment as well as for a productive seed or ware crop. The use of plugs in seedling production systems is an important technique utilised to ease transplanting of seedlings and refine seedling production in seedling nurseries. While holding multiple advantages over other transplant production systems, multiple factors still influence the success of seedling production in plug trays. In this study, we explore the effects of substrate properties, type and volume; watering intervals; and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) levels in nutrient solution on seedling vigour attributes in potato seedlings grown in plug trays under climate room conditions. The choice of substrate strongly influenced seedling attributes with more favourable performance in substrates with higher water holding capacity. Increasing plug volume also enhanced seedling attributes including dry biomass, leaf area and root to shoot ratios such that seedling performance was best in plug volumes > 22.5 cm3. A watering schedule with a high frequency was more favourable considering that longer intervals between watering events led to significant declines in seedling attributes. While the effects of increased P in solution were not conclusive, depending on genotype, increasing N in solution led to enhanced seedling attributes, with a nutrient sufficiency met at 200 mg L−1 N in solution. These findings further contribute to the current knowledge on factors influencing success in seedling production of potato seedlings developed from hybrid true potato seeds.
Study of a class of triangular starvation driven cross-diffusion systems
Authors: Brocchieri Elisabetta , Desvillettes Laurent , Dietert Helge 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe study the existence, regularity and uniqueness for a general class of triangular reaction-cross-diffusion systems coming from the study of starvation driven behavior for two species in competition. This study involves an equivalent system in non-divergence form, for which existence can be obtained thanks to Schauder’s fixed point theorem.
Targeting the Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone System (RAAS) for Cardiovascular Protection and Enhanced Oncological Outcomes: Review
Authors: Pawlonka J. , Buchalska B. , Buczma K. , Borzuta H. , Kamińska K. , Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska A. 
Published: October 2024

Opinion statementThe renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) is a crucial regulator of the cardiovascular system and a target for widely used therapeutic drugs. Dysregulation of RAAS, implicated in prevalent diseases like hypertension and heart failure, has recently gained attention in oncological contexts due to its role in tumor biology and cardiovascular toxicities (CVTs). Thus, RAAS inhibitors (RAASi) may be used as potential supplementary therapies in cancer treatment and CVT prevention. Oncological treatments have evolved significantly, impacting patient survival and safety profiles. However, they pose cardiovascular risks, necessitating strategies for mitigating adverse effects. The main drug classes used in oncology include anthracyclines, anti-HER2 therapies, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway inhibitors (VSPI). While effective against cancer, these drugs induce varying CVTs. RAASi adjunctive therapy shows promise in enhancing clinical outcomes and protecting the cardiovascular system. Understanding RAAS involvement in cancer and CVT can inform personalized treatment approaches and improve patient care.