bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Toll-Like Receptor 4 Antagonist Eritoran Protects Mice from Lethal Filovirus Challenge
Authors: Younan Patrick , Ramanathan Palaniappan , Graber Jessica , Gusovsky Fabian , Bukreyev Alexander 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTThe 2013-2016 outbreak of Ebola virus (EBOV) in West Africa, which has seen intermittent reemergence since it was officially declared over in February of 2016, has demonstrated the need for the rapid development of therapeutic intervention strategies. Indirect evidence has suggested that the EBOV infection shares several commonalities associated with the onset of bacterial sepsis, including the development of a “cytokine storm.” Eritoran, a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) antagonist, was previously shown to result in protection of mice against lethal influenza virus infection. Here, we report that eritoran protects against the lethality caused by EBOV and the closely related Marburg virus (MARV) in mice. Daily administration of eritoran reduced clinical signs of the disease and, unexpectedly, resulted in reduced viral titers. Analysis of peripheral blood indicated that eritoran reduced granulocytosis despite an apparent increase in the percentage of activated neutrophils. Surprisingly, the increased survival rate and reduced viremia were not accompanied by increased CD3+T lymphocytes, as lymphopenia was more pronounced in eritoran-treated mice. Overall, a global reduction in the levels of multiple cytokines, chemokines, and free radicals was detected in serum, suggesting that eritoran treatment may alleviate the severity of the “cytokine storm.” Last, we provide compelling preliminary evidence suggesting that eritoran treatment may alter the kinetics of cytokine responses. Hence, these studies are the first to demonstrate the role of TLR4 in the pathogenesis of EBOV disease and indicate that eritoran is a prime candidate for further evaluation as a clinically viable therapeutic intervention strategy for EBOV and MARV infections.IMPORTANCEA hallmark of bacterial sepsis is the uncontrolled activation of the TLR4 pathway, which is the primary cause of the pathological features associated with this disease. Considering the importance of TLR4 signaling in bacterial sepsis and the remarkable pathological similarities associated with infections caused by filoviruses Ebola virus (EBOV) and Marburg virus (MARV), we assessed the ability of eritoran, a TLR4 antagonist, to protect mice against these viruses. Here, we show that eritoran effectively promotes survival of mice of filovirus infection, as 70% and 90% of mice receiving daily eritoran treatment survived lethal EBOV and MARV infections, respectively. Eritoran treatment resulted in a remarkable global reduction of inflammatory mediators, which is suggestive of the mechanism of action of this therapeutic treatment. These studies are the first to show the critical importance of the TLR4 pathway in the pathogenesis of filovirus infection and may provide a new avenue for therapeutic interventions.
CONCUSSION KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND BELIEFS AMONGST SPORTS MEDICINE PERSONNEL AT THE 2015 CEREBRAL PALSY FOOTBALL WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS
Authors: Griffin Steffan , West Liam Richard , Ahmed Osman Hassan , Weiler Richard 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundConcussion poses a challenge to sports medicine personnel, especially those working in contact sports such as football. In disability sport, the correct assessment and management of this injury is paramount.ObjectiveTo determine knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding concussion amongst team physicians/physiotherapists working at the 2015 Cerebral Palsy Football World Championships (CPFWC).DesignA 22-item questionnaire was provided to the ‘head of medicine’ of all teams participating at the 2015 CPFWC (n=15). Qualitative assessment of knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of participants in regard to concussion; both generally, and specifically to cerebral palsy football.Setting2015 CPFWC, St George's Park, Burton-upon-Trent, United Kingdom.Patients (or Participants)Each nation's head of medical services (n=15; either a medical doctor or physiotherapist) were invited to complete the questionnaire during the pre-competition medical meeting.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)NA.Main Outcome MeasurementsKnowledge, attitudes, and beliefs related to concussion amongst sports medicine professionals at a World Championship.ResultsThe majority of participants (8 physiotherapists and 6 doctors: or 93%) completed the questionnaire. Only one practitioner did not score 100% on identifying the signs and symptoms of concussion. 36% (n=5) believed headgear had protective effects against concussion. The use of a concussion assessment tool following suspected concussion was reported by 29% (n=4) clinicians, whilst 50% (n=7) stated that performing cognitive assessments were difficult in this population. 86% participants (n=12) reported that a disability sport concussion consensus statement would be useful.ConclusionsParticipants' overall knowledge around concussion was sound, but their methods for recognition and management were highly variable. Inherent difficulties were identified in the assessment and management of concussion in disabled athletes and the majority recognised an urgent need for expert clinical guidance for this population.
INJURY PREVENTION THROUGH EXTERNAL SENSOMOTORIC SUPPORT?
Authors: Herfert Jürgen , Landkammer Yvonne , Sassmann Robert , Edtinger Sebastian , Moder Angelika , Wicker Anton 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundRecent you'll find more and more sport equipment in the sporting goods industry promising at least to increase the subjective stability of joints, being also called intelligent sportswear. Literature also reports about the influence on the sensorimotor system, not only the mechanical effect.ObjectiveTwo different stability devices (knee support, CEP socks) are tested during postural tasks.DesignClinical controlled study.SettingThe participant is standing one-legged, hands on hips on the Posturomed® platform running with microswing software (Haider Bioswing GmbH, Germany) in order to stabilize the platform as quickly as possible after slackening a lever over a testing period of 10 seconds.Patients (or Participants)24 men and women without an injury of the lower extremities during the last 6 months, no artificial limbs, no stiff joints.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)Three valid measurements are collected (mean was taken for statistical evaluation) on each side for three different test situations (bare, with knee support, with CEP socks) standing on an instable plane (Posturomed®). The order of the test situation is randomized.Main Outcome MeasurementsCollected points during the 10 second testing period provide information about the ability to stabilize the platform. The more points achieved (0–1000), the better the result.ResultsRepeated measures and Fisher LSD Test were used for statistical analysis. By using external support postural stability increases significantly, but no significant difference can be found between the two tested devices.ConclusionsIn accordance with the literature, sensorimotor function can be supported by external devices used in the study. Injury prevention because of an increased postural control, especially during exhausting physical activities, needs some further research.
EXERCISE-BASED KNEE INJURY PREVENTION CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES
Authors: Arundale Amelia , Bizzini Mario , Giordano Airelle , Godges Joseph , Hewett Timothy , Logerstedt David , Mandelbaum Bert , Scalzitti David , Silvers-Granelli Hollly , Snyder-Mackler Lynn 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundKnee injuries are prevalent in cutting, pivoting, and jumping sports. Studies have investigated the effects of exercise-based knee injury prevention programs, however no clinical practice guidelines (CPG) exist.Objective1) Review the evidence for exercise-based knee injury prevention programs, 2) identify if there are exercise-based knee injury prevention programs that are effective for particular groups of athletes, 3) explore the evidence for dosage and delivery of exercise-based knee injury prevention programs, 4) provide information on how exercise-based knee injury prevention should be implemented.DesignSystematic review for CPG development.SettingMultiple.Patients (or Participants)Healthy, active individuals, particularly athletes participating in cutting, pivoting, and jumping sports.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)A systematic review of literature was performed via PubMed, Scopus, SportDiscus, CINAHL, and the Cochrane databases for relevant articles addressing the effects of an exercise-based knee injury prevention program. The final search was performed in April, 2016 to identify all articles published prior to that point.Main Outcome MeasurementsThe effects and outcomes of exercise-based knee injury prevention programs.ResultsThirty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria for this CPG. Exercise-based knee injury prevention programs have a low implementation cost and large relative risk reductions. Clinicians should implement an exercise-based knee injury prevention program for all athletes involved in cutting and pivoting type sports to reduce the number of significant knee injuries. The program should be implemented two to three times per week in the preseason and one to three times per week in the competitive season. It should consist of a combination of plyometric training, strength and power exercises, balance and dynamic stabilization training, core strengthening, technique training, and/or sports-specific drills.ConclusionsThis CPG will provide evidence based guidance for clinicians in choosing and implementing exercise-based knee injury prevention programs appropriate for the athlete(s) they work with.
EFFICACY OF A MOVEMENT CONTROL INJURY-PREVENTION PROGRAMME IN AN ADULT COMMUNITY RUGBY UNION POPULATION; A CLUSTER RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: Attwood Matt , Roberts Simon , Trewartha Grant , England Mike , Stokes Keith 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundExercise programmes aimed at reducing injury have been shown to be efficacious for some non-collision sports, but evidence in collision sports such as rugby union is lacking.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of an evidence-informed injury prevention exercise programme in reducing match injuries in adult community rugby union players.DesignProspective cluster randomised (single-blind) controlled trial. Clubs were the unit of randomisation.SettingEnglish adult community clubs (2015–2016 season) with a formally qualified medical professional to diagnose and report match-injuries.Participants860 clubs were invited to participate of which 81 volunteered and were randomly assigned. Data was received from 41 clubs (control, 19; intervention, 22).InterventionsA 42-week exercise programme comprising 6-week graduated exercise blocks was introduced during pre-season. The control programme reflected ‘normal practice’ exercises, whereas the intervention focused on proprioception, balance, cutting, landing, and resistance exercises.Main Outcome MeasurementsMatch-injury incidence and burden for: all ≥8 days time-loss injuries and targeted (lower-limb, shoulder, head and neck, excluding fractures and lacerations) ≥8 days time-loss injuries.ResultsPoisson regression identified unclear differences between groups for overall injury incidence (rate ratio (RR), 90% confidence interval (CI)=0.9, 0.6–1.3) and injury burden (RR, 90% CI=0.8, 0.5–1.4). A likely beneficial difference in targeted injury incidence (RR, 90% CI=0.6, 0.4–1.0) was identified, with ∼40% lower lower-limb incidence (RR, 90% CI=0.6, 0.4–1.0) and ∼60% lower concussion incidence (RR, 90%CI=0.36, 0.18–0.70) in the intervention group. Completing the intervention at least once per week was associated with a likely beneficial difference between groups (intervention n=15, control n=13; RR, 90% CI=0.7, 0.4–1.0).ConclusionsThis movement-control injury-prevention programme appeared efficacious, with likely beneficial differences for lower-limb injuries and concussion for the treatment clubs. Targeted injury incidence was ∼30% lower when 1 or more intervention sessions were completed each week.
INJURY AND ILLNESS PATTERNS IN COMPETITIVE SAILORS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SAILING FEDERATION SAILING WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS 2014 – A 12-MONTH RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Leong Darren , Tan Ben , Pardal Carmen Vaz , Lin Cindy , Kam Jia Wen 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundOlympic Sailing events have evolved to include quicker and more physically demanding boats, stirring interest in the injury patterns and associations amongst sailors of these boats.ObjectiveTo characterise sailing-related injuries and illnesses among sailors participating in the ISAF 2014 World Championships.DesignRetrospective descriptive study.SettingThe International Sailing Federation (ISAF) World Championships is a top tier competition bringing together 1167 sailors in all 10 Olympic classes. The Sailing World Championships 2014 were held in Santander, Spain.Patients (or Participants)Sailors registered for the 2014 ISAF World Championships were surveyed via an interviewer-administered questionnaire from June to September 2014 (off-site prior to competition; and on-site during competition). This was a 12-month recall questionnaire on sailing-related injuries and illnesses.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)Gender, position (helm, crew), sailing class, training volume, part of boat contributing to injury, and actions performed during sailing.Main Outcome MeasurementsThe occurrence or non-occurrence of sailing-related injuries and illnesses; the number of injuries; injury site, type, cause/mechanism; injury prevalence and severity; and contributing factors to injury.ResultsThere were 760 respondents (65% of all participants) for the 12-month recall questionnaire (58% male, 42% female), of whom 244 participants reported 299 injuries (0.59 injuries per 1000 h of sailing). Injuries were most prevalent in the 49erFX (64%), RS:X Women (39%), 49er (37%) and Nacra 17 (36%). Lower back (29% of sailors), knee (13%), shoulder (12%) and ankle (10%) injuries were most prevalent; most (58% of all injuries) were overuse injuries; and 56% of sailors lost sailing time. Most illnesses (40%) were infections, primarily of the respiratory system (43%).ConclusionsThe Olympic classes introduced since 2000 (49erFX, 49er, Nacra 17) report more injuries. These injuries were mainly traumatic events, compared with overuse injuries in the other classes.
SHOULDER FUNCTION AND SHOULDER COMPLAINTS IN DANISH ELITE BADMINTON PLAYERS
Authors: Linnebjerg Connie , Zebis Mette , Møller Merete , Vollaard Niels 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundShoulder function and the prevalence of shoulder complaints in elite badminton are not well described.ObjectiveThe aims of this study were to compare players who reported previous or present shoulder complaints with those players who did not. Shoulder function and shoulder problems were quantified. And the players reported influence on performance because of shoulder complaints.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingThe study was taken place in the Danish National Centre of badminton, a total of 30 active elite badminton players were asked to participate.Patients (or Participants)Sixteen elite badminton players volunteered to participate. All players were full time playing with a minimum of 12 hours of badminton training per week.InterventionsSelf-reported shoulder injury profile was quantified for each player by use of two questionnaires (modified Fahlstrom questionnaire and Western Ontario Shoulder Index (WOSI)). Internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) shoulder strength and range of motion (ROM) were tested by use of Hand held dynamometer and Digital inclinometer.Main Outcome MeasurementsBased on the questionnaires, participants were divided into either complaints (COM) or non-complaints (NCOM).ResultsNine players reported previous or present shoulder complaints (COM,) whereas seven players did not (NCOM,). All in the COM group reported changed training habits but only two players reported missed matches due to shoulder problems. No significant differences were observed in IR or ER shoulder strength between groups - i.e. IR: COM, 0.53±0.12 Nm vs. NCOM, 0.62±0.09 Nm and ER: COM, 0.48±0.12 Nm vs. NCOM, 0.57±0.09 Nm. No significant differences were observed in IR and ER ROM between groups; (58±8.4 vs. 60.0±9.3, and 101.8±15.7 vs. 96.4±18.3, respectively).ConclusionsThis study indicates that shoulder problems do exist in elite badminton. Future studies should aim to develop validated outcome measures that can identify players with shoulder problems in elite badminton.
HAMSTRINGS TRAINING EFFECT ON HIP AND KNEE JOINT FUNCTION, MORPHOLOGY OF HAMSTRING MUSCLES, AND INJURY PREVENTION
Authors: Ono Takashi , Tojima Michio , Hirose Norikazu 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundThere is little information about the effect of hamstrings training on hip and knee joint function, morphology of each hamstring muscle, and the rate of injury incidence.ObjectiveTo clarify the effect of hamstrings training on H:Q strength ratio in hip and knee joint, the morphological adaptations of each hamstring muscle, and the rate of strain injury incidence.DesignProspective, randomized controlled trial.SettingCollegiate, elite division.Participants23 healthy collegiate Lacrosse players were recruited voluntarily, and 20 (39 limbs) of them finished the study.InterventionsSubjects were randomly divided into 3 groups; Single-leg Deadlift (DL) intervention, Nordic Hamstrings (NH) intervention, and control (CR). DL and NH groups joined the training program in twice a week for 6 months.Main Outcome MeasurementsBefore (Pre) and 1, 3, and 6 months after training period, isokinetic strength testing was conducted to measure flexion and extension torques in hip and knee joint, and magnetic resonance imaging to determine the cross sectional area (CSA) of each hamstring muscle.ResultsAfter the training of 3 months, only in DL group, significant increase of hip extension torque (+25.2±9.4%) and H:Q ratios in the hip joint (1.28±0.43→1.61±0.48) were found, and significant increase of CSAs were found in biceps femoris long head (+12.0±3.7%) and semimembranosus (+25.5±4.1%) muscle (P<0.05). No strain injury has reported in all groups.ConclusionsHip extension (Single-leg Deadlift) exercise training may be useful for preventing and rehabilitating from hamstring strain injury by stimulating hypertrophy in biceps femoris long head and semimembranosus muscle and promoting improvements in hip extensor strength and H:Q ratio in hip joint. These data may provide compelling evidence to warrant the further exploration of hip extension oriented exercises in hamstring strain injury prevention protocols.
PAINFUL EVALUATION AND INJURY PREVENTION OF LOWER EXTREMITY THROUGH CYCLING DIAGNOSIS SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT: COMPUTATIONAL AND EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHES
Authors: WEN Penny , Yang Bing-Shiang 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundIn clinical practices, sports injuries are assessed using radiographic examinations, pain-related inquiries, or palpations, after which prescriptions are issued to patients.ObjectiveBy combining anatomy, musculoskeletal simulations, and the concept of sports training, this study demonstrated a system for assessing sports injuries that improves biking strategies and prevents biking injuries. The applicability and accuracy of this study enabled the locations of muscle injuries to be statistically matched with biking strategies.DesignWe built an instrumented bike which was a conventional road racing bicycle fitted with instruments for measuring the riding parameters: a crank torque sensor, an optical encoder, inclinometer, magnetic and reed switches, and an electromyographic system.SettingA musculoskeletal modelling system of OpenSim (Stanford, CA, USA) was selected to wide use to cyclist.Patients (or Participants)Twelve amateur bikers (12 males; age=26±2 y; height=176±5 cm; body weight=72±7.2 kg) of various ages, heights, and weights were recruited.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)Cycling strategy suggestion of Patello-femoral and tibial-femoral syndrome.Main Outcome MeasurementsAcute (Joint reaction) and chronic injury (Joint moment and muscle coordination) were calculated in real-time diagnosis.ResultsSimulating cycling strategies reduced knee flexion and external rotations of the feet, increasing the force application in the plantar flexion toward the bottom dead center, improving muscle activities at 80°–120° angle, and avoiding excessive slippage improved the VL and VM activities and prevented excessive reaction force in the joints and moment output.ConclusionsThe system was used to lower the possibility of injuries by providing improved cycling strategies and encouraging active training as well as facilitating sports and sports training performance. Overall, the developed system can be used to predict the possibility of lower limb injuries and lower the occurrence of such injuries.
Y- BALANCE TEST SCORE COMPARISON BETWEEN PRE-SEASON AND IN-SEASON IN YOUTH ATHLETES
Authors: Bittencourt Natalia , Leite Marcela , Garcia Leandro , Mendonça Luciana , Bithencourt Ana Carolina , Gonçalves Gabriela 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundThe Y-balance test has been used clinically to assess neuromuscular control deficits and a composite score of <94% and anterior asymmetry of >4 cm have been associated with lower limb injuries in basketball athletes.ObjectiveTo compare Y-test performance during the pre-season to in-season in injury-free athletes.DesignProspective study.SettingBrazilian sports club, mixed sports.Patients (or Participants)182 injury-free youth athletes (145 male and 37 female) from judo, volleyball, basketball, gymnastics and indoor soccer were assessed (age 14.3±2.8; height 168±19 cm, body mass 60±18 kg).Assessment of Risk FactorsThe Y-test was assessed during the pre-season (February) and in-season (June). Athletes practiced 6 trials on each leg prior to formal testing. While maintaining single-leg stance, they were asked to reach with the free limb in the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions.Main Outcome MeasurementsY-test performance was calculated as the composite score (sum of the three reach distances, divided by 3 times limb length, then multiplied by 100). Anterior distance asymmetry was calculated as the difference between the dominant limb (DL) and non-dominant limb (NDL) values. Both measures were compared between pre- and in-season.ResultsThe pre-season average composite score for DL was 87.5% and for NDL 87.8%, while the average anterior distance asymmetry was 3.7 cm. During in-season, the average composite score was 85.4% for DL and NDL, and the anterior distance asymmetry was 3.0 cm. T-tests revealed statistically significant differences for the composite score (p<0.001) and for anterior distance asymmetry (p=0.01).ConclusionsAthletes showed poorer composite score values during in-season compared to pre-season and the values were below the risk cut-off point reported in the literature. This group did not present substantial anterior distance asymmetry.