bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Central bank transparency under the cost channel
Authors: Dai Meixing , Zhang Qiao 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper studies the implications of information disclosure about the central bank's preferences regarding inflation and output‐gap stabilization in the presence of the cost channel of monetary transmission. Through this channel, higher interest rates translate into higher marginal costs of production and, finally, into higher inflation. Conventional wisdom has it that whether the central bank is transparent alters the effects of cost‐push or supply shocks, but does not change the fact that demand shocks are fully offset by optimal monetary policy. We show that this view is incorrect in the presence of a cost channel, since the latter not only affects how transparency interacts with cost‐push shocks, but also makes it interact with demand shocks. Moreover, the desirability of full transparency when shocks are persistent is significantly reduced by the presence of the cost channel.
Monetary policy and inequality: Financial channels
Authors: O'Farrell Rory , Rawdanowicz Lukasz 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper analyses the effects of monetary policy on inequality over the business cycle via its impacts on returns on assets, the cost of debt servicing, and asset prices in selected advanced economies. Monetary policy easing has a priori ambiguous effects on income and net wealth inequality via financial channels. Effects depend in a complex way on the relative size and distributions of assets, liabilities, and income. In practice, these effects are estimated to be small. A house price increase generally reduces net wealth inequality, while the opposite is true for increases in stock and bond prices. As monetary policy has the potential to affect inequality, monetary authorities face communication challenges. The available research on interactions between monetary policy and inequality does not justify targeting inequality by central banks.
Risk Committees and Implied Cost of Equity Capital
Authors: Al‐Hadi Ahmed , Hussain Syed Mujahid , Al‐Yahyaee Khamis Hamed , Al‐Jabri Hamdan Saif 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe investigate the association between the existence of risk committee and implied cost of equity capital in a unique institutional setting where the formation of the board risk committee as part of the risk governance mechanism is not mandatory in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) financial institutions. Using data from the six GCC countries, we find that implied cost of equity capital is negatively associated with the existence of board risk committee. These findings indicate that GCC financial firms with better risk governance practices at board level have lower implied cost of equity capital. We contribute to the extant literature on‐board risk governance in emerging market context.
How does role transition affect the experience of trainee Advanced Clinical Practitioners: Qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: Moran Gregory M. , Nairn Stuart 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundAdvanced Clinical Practitioners have been developed to address current and future gaps in the medical workforce. Insight into problems associated with Advanced Clinical Practitioner transition may help present and future trainees adapt to their changing and demanding health environment.AimsTo identify potential problems experienced by trainee Advanced Clinical Practitioners during transition and what the implications might be for workforce planning.DesignA qualitative evidence synthesis to examine the issue of role transition for Advanced Clinical Practitioners.Data sourcesThe electronic databases accessed (1997–2016) were MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, BNI, AMED and PubMed and also included Researchgate, thesis publications, hand searching and NHS staffing reports.Review methodsEleven studies were identified between 1997 ‐ 2016. Thematic synthesis was undertaken, creating codes, descriptive and analytical themes. Quality appraisal of individual studies was conducted using the tool of Walsh and Downe.FindingsSix analytical themes were identified that addressed the key issues of transition discussed in the 11 articles and which were directly related to the proposed research project: experience of change, orientation to role, mentorship, clinical skills, clinical supervision and Masters’ level education.ConclusionsFindings from all 11 articles were similar. Where these six themes were ignored, there was often either a failure to reach expected goals or resignation from the role. Future employers must ensure that they establish a comprehensive orientation and education programme to be certain that qualified Advanced Clinical Practitioners are suitably prepared for their role in health care.
The evolving professional identity of the clinical research nurse: A qualitative exploration
Authors: Kunhunny Swapna , Salmon Debra 
Published: August 2017

Aims and objectivesTo examine the perspectives of CRNs in the UK on their professional role identity, in order to inform the professional practice of Clinical Research Nursing.BackgroundClinical research nurses (CRN) make a significant contribution to healthcare research within the UK and internationally. However, lack of clarity about their role, and scope of practice renders their contribution within the profession and in the minds of the wider public invisible. This has implications in terms of promoting the role nurses play not only in terms of recruitment, retention, and care of research participants but also as research leaders of the future.DesignExploratory qualitative design using thematic analysis conducted within a realist paradigm.ResultsParticipants viewed the positive aspects of their identity ‘as agents of change’ who were fundamental to the clinical research process. Resourcefulness and the ability to guide members of the research team were valued as key to job satisfaction. Successful navigation through the complexity of advice, support, management and leadership tasks related to their role in caring for research patients were role affirming and generated a sense of pride. However, lack of recognition, clarity of the role and career development opportunities within an identified structure undermined the CRN identity and optimism about progression in the future. Participants reported feeling invisible to colleagues within the clinical community, isolated and excluded from wider nursing groups.ConclusionsThe study describes UK CRN practice, highlighting the positive benefits and challenges associated with the role, including the need to support professional and career development to maximise their research contribution.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study provides nurses, health care and research organisations and academic nursing educators with a broadened understanding of the professional role, identity and context of clinical research nursing practice in the United Kingdom, with recommendations to improve its professional efficiency and recognition.
Characterization of Pythium spp. associated with root rot of tobacco seedlings produced using the float tray system in Zimbabwe
Authors: Mufunda Fortunate , Muzhinji Norman , Sigobodhla Tertu , Marunda Mike , Chinheya Cleopas Chenayi , Dimbi Susan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe study was undertaken to identify and characterize Pythium isolates associated with root rot disease of tobacco seedlings as a first step towards developing management strategies for the pathogen. A total of 85 Pythium isolates were collected from diseased tobacco seedlings during 2015–2016 tobacco growing season. The isolates were identified to species level using sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region. Thereafter, a subset of the isolates was tested for sensitivity to the commonly used fungicides, metalaxyl, azoxystrobin and a combination of fenamidone/propamocarbby growing isolates on Potato Dextrose Agar plates amended with the fungicides. The sequence analysis of the ITS‐rDNA identified Pythium myriotylum as the dominant Pythium species associated with the root rot of tobacco seedlings in Zimbabwe. Pythium aphanidermatum and P. insidiosum were also identified albeit at lower frequencies. Phylogenetic analyses of the ITS region of the P. myriotylum isolates showed little sequence diversity giving rise to one distinct clade. The fungicide sensitivity tests showed that metalaxyl provided the best control of P. myriotylum in vitro, as compared to other fungicides. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study to determine and characterize Pythium species associated with root rot of tobacco in the float seedling production system in Zimbabwe.
Herbivory and presence of a dominant competitor interactively affect salt marsh plant diversity
Authors: Daleo Pedro , Alberti Juan , Bruschetti Carlos Martín , Martinetto Paulina , Pascual Jesús , Iribarne Oscar 
Published: August 2017

AbstractQuestionDo herbivory and the presence of a dominant grass competitor interactively affect herbaceous communities and assembly rules in a SW Atlantic salt marsh?LocationUpper salt marsh, Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon, Argentina.MethodsWe performed a field factorial experiment over 4 yr to evaluate the separate and interactive effects of (1) herbivory and (2) competition with the dominant grass species (i.e. Spartina densiflora) on the salt marsh subordinate plant community. The factorial design includes dominant grass removal and herbivory manipulation.ResultsOur results show that herbivory and presence of the dominant competitor interactively affect subordinate plant cover and diversity. Results further indicate that, in the presence of the dominant competitor, patch‐to‐patch variation in subordinate species composition is lower than expected at random, a result consistent with the expected outcomes of deterministic exclusion following light competition. Removal of the dominant grass nevertheless led to patch‐to‐patch dissimilarity in subordinate species composition, far from the dissimilarity expected at random, indicating increased importance of deterministic processes that drive communities to diverge.ConclusionOur results show that the conditional effect of herbivory on plant diversity can be determined by the presence of a single plant species. Dominant plant species, in addition, may not only affect plant species diversity by determining the number and identity of subordinate species in a given patch (i.e. α‐diversity) but also by affecting spatial variability through habitat homogenization.
Losing Work, Moving Away? Regional Mobility After Job Loss
Authors: Fackler Daniel , Rippe Lisa 
Published: August 2017

AbstractUsing German survey data, we investigate the relationship between involuntary job loss and regional mobility. Our results show that job loss has a strong positive effect on the propensity to relocate. We also analyse whether displaced workers who relocate to a different region after job loss are better able to catch up with non‐displaced workers in terms of labour market performance than those staying in the same region. Our findings do not support this conjecture as we find substantial long‐lasting earnings losses for movers and stayers and even slightly but not significantly higher losses for movers.
Ecological and physiological thermal niches to understand distribution of Chagas disease vectors in Latin America
Authors: DE LA VEGA G. J. , SCHILMAN P. E. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn order to assess how triatomines (Hemiptera, Reduviidae), Chagas disease vectors, are distributed through Latin America, we analysed the relationship between the ecological niche and the limits of the physiological thermal niche in seven species of triatomines. We combined two methodological approaches: species distribution models, and physiological tolerances. First, we modelled the ecological niche and identified the most important abiotic factor for their distribution. Then, thermal tolerance limits were analysed by measuring maximum and minimum critical temperatures, upper lethal temperature, and ‘chill‐coma recovery time’. Finally, we used phylogenetic independent contrasts to analyse the link between limiting factors and the thermal tolerance range for the assessment of ecological hypotheses that provide a different outlook for the geo‐epidemiology of Chagas disease. In triatomines, thermo‐tolerance range increases with increasing latitude mainly due to better cold tolerances, suggesting an effect of thermal selection. In turn, physiological analyses show that species reaching southernmost areas have a higher thermo‐tolerance than those with tropical distributions, denoting that thermo‐tolerance is limiting the southern distribution. Understanding the latitudinal range along its physiological limits of disease vectors may prove useful to test ecological hypotheses and improve strategies and efficiency of vector control at the local and regional levels.
A prospective randomised clinical study on evaluation of platelet‐rich fibrin versus zinc oxide eugenol in the management of alveolar osteitis
Authors: Hussain I. , Singh S. , Jain H. , Kumar S. , Anand K.R. , Batool N. , Saikia J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) in the management of alveolar osteitis and further compare the results with those of zinc‐oxide Eugenol (ZOE).Materials and methodsA total of 40 patients with alveolar osteitis following extraction of mandibular molars were randomly divided into two groups on the basis of treatment, in which Group A patient's received PRF and Group B received ZOE as an obtundant dressing. Pain (VAS), degree of inflammation and number of exposed socket walls were noted and evaluated at 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th post‐operative day.ResultsGroup A showed better and faster socket healing than Group B. However, symptomatic pain relief was faster in Group B than in Group A.ConclusionPRF might be a treatment of choice in the management of alveolar osteitis.
Never Change a Winning Policy? Public Sector Performance and Politicians' Preferences for Reforms
Authors: Geys Benny , Sørensen Rune J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDespite the increasing stress on performance in public sector organizations, there is still little empirical evidence on whether—and if so, how—politicians respond to performance information. This article addresses this research gap by linking registry statistics on school performance in Norway's 428 municipalities with data from an information experiment embedded in a survey of local politicians. Findings show that school performance bears only a weak relationship to politicians' preferences for resource‐related reforms, but it strongly affects preferences for governance‐related reforms, indicating the importance of accounting for heterogeneity across alternative types of (school) reforms. Moreover, local politicians are, on average, well informed about school performance. This reflects the force of local inhabitants' high information level on politicians' accountability.
Does transnational private governance reduce or displace labor abuses? Addressing sorting dynamics across global supply chains
Authors: Koenig‐Archibugi Mathias 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe attention of practitioners and scholars of private regulation of working conditions is focused on whether and how corporate buyers can help improve labor and safety standards in the factories that supply them by adopting codes of conduct, joining social certification schemes, participating in social audit processes, and financing safety improvements. I argue that more attention should be paid to the possibility that private regulation schemes – whatever degree of compliance they achieve – mostly result in a displacement effect or sorting dynamic that leaves the overall level of working conditions unchanged. I sketch a research agenda aimed at identifying the conditions under which a sorting dynamic can occur and at conceiving innovative private governance designs that could avoid it.
Interplay between the Inverse Scattering Method and Fokas's Unified Transform with an Application
Authors: Caudrelier Vincent 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIt is known that the initial‐boundary value problem for certain integrable Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) on the half‐line with integrable boundary conditions can be mapped to a special case of the inverse scattering method (ISM) on the full‐line. This can also be established within the so‐called unified transform (UT) of Fokas for initial‐boundary value problems with linearizable boundary conditions. In this paper, we show a converse to this statement within the Ablowitz‐Kaup‐Newell‐Segur (AKNS) scheme: the ISM on the full‐line can be mapped to an initial‐boundary value problem with linearizable boundary conditions. To achieve this, we need a matrix version of the UT that was introduced by the author to study integrable PDEs on star‐graphs. As an application of the result, we show that the new, nonlocal reduction of the AKNS scheme introduced by Ablowitz and Musslimani to obtain the nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation can be recast as an old, local reduction, thus putting the nonlocal NLS and the NLS equations on equal footing from the point of view of the reduction group theory of Mikhailov.
The Modern Drama of coup d'État and Systems of Discipline: Foucault and Political Ceremony
Authors: Akbalik Bilge 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe objective of my comments is to draw attention to the complex relationship between the juridico‐political model of sovereignty and disciplinary power in Foucault's work. I suggest that Elden's reading of Foucault and Shakespeare opens up new ways to understand contemporary forms of governmentality through a genealogy of political ceremony and theatricality. More specifically, my comments seek to show that an examination of the ceremoniality of coup d'État in connection with what Foucault calls the “democratization of sovereignty” is potentially fruitful for examining modern forms of the government of civil society and counterconduct.
Information and Communication Technology and Ethnic Conflict in Myanmar: Organizing for Violence or Peace?
Authors: Bergren Anne , Bailard Catie Snow 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveIn a country as historically conflict ridden as Myanmar, will the reduced communication costs yielded by the recent expansion of mobile telephony create political affordances that make collective organization for peace or violence more likely to prevail?MethodApplying a random effects model of time‐series cross‐sectional data, we test the relationship shared by ethnic groups’ increasing access to mobile telephony and their incidence of violent conflict against the state. By comparing differences in the effect across two distinct periods of time—before and after mobile phones became widely available—we can conduct robust tests of this relationship.ResultsThe results of the analysis offer only marginal support for the prediction that increased access to mobile phones amplified groups’ incidence of violence against the state. More often, the direction of the effect traveled in the opposite direction, suggesting that the spread of mobile phones possibly served as a pacifying force for certain ethnic groups.ConclusionsWithin the context of Myanmar, the expansion of mobile telephony has not encouraged greater violence and may instead serve as a pacifying force.
United Nations, Uniting Nations: International Support Cues and American Attitudes on Environmental Sustainability*
Authors: Johnson Tyler , Rickard Victoria 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveWe ask whether framing U.N. actions in terms of institutional origins or multilateral support has differential effects on attitudes toward environmental sustainability policy.MethodsA survey experiment exposed individuals to different descriptions of U.N. Agenda 21, a 1992 sustainable development policy document.ResultsIndividuals who learned about Agenda 21 in terms of the international consensus behind the document at its inception were significantly more likely to support it and find it important. Conservative individuals who learned Agenda 21 was a U.N. document were significantly less likely to believe it was important and to want the federal government to incentivize implementation.ConclusionsFraming U.N. action in terms of international consensus may be a gateway toward building support among Americans in general. Framing U.N. action in terms of the institution behind the action has little effect on opinion, except in some instances when it turns conservatives against said action.
Smoothly varying in‐plane stiffness heterogeneity evaluated under uniaxial tensile stress
Authors: Considine J.M. , Pierron F. , Turner K.T. , Lava P. , Tang X. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIdentification of spatially varying stiffness is a challenging, but important, research topic in the mechanics of materials and can provide the necessary information for material suitability, damage, and process control, especially for high‐value applications. One homogeneous and 3 heterogeneous virtual field method (VFM) formulations were used to create a methodology for varying stiffness identification. Two finite element method simulations were used to demonstrate the validity and capability of the formulations. A tensile test protocol was implemented to identify spatially varying stiffness of uniaxial tensile paperboard specimens using digital image correlation. A recently published form of VFM, which enforces global equilibrium in the spatial frequency domain, was used to better examine smoothly varying stiffnesses. Two tensile specimens of a single commercial paperboard, known to contain heterogeneities, were examined, and local stiffnesses were identified. Examination of local equilibrium with VFM was used to explain differences in stiffness identification. A polyethylene terephthalate specimen was used to demonstrate homogeneity.
Incommensurability as Vagueness: a Burden‐Shifting Argument
Authors: Elson Luke 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTwo options are “incommensurate” when neither is better than the other, but they are not equally good. Typically, we will say that one option is better in some ways, and the other in others, but neither is better “all things considered”. It is tempting to think that incommensurability is vagueness – that it is (perhaps) indeterminate which is better – but this “vagueness view” of incommensurability has not proven popular. I set out the vagueness view and its implications in more detail, and argue that it can explain most of the puzzling features of incommensurability. This argument proceeds without appeal to John Broome's “collapsing principle”.