bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RENDEMEN DAN KOMPOSISI PROKSIMAT GELATIN KULIT IKAN BELUT DAN LELE PADA KEADAAN SEGAR DAN KERING (YIELD AND PROXIMATE OF GELATIN EXTRACTED FROM FRESH AND DRY SWAMP ELL AND CATFISH SKIN)
Authors: Rahmawati Hafni , Pranoto Yudi 
Published: August 2016

<p>Kulit ikan belut dan lele berpotensi untuk diekstrak gelatinnya. Kulit ikan belut dan lele tidak bersisik, berlendir dan berlemak untuk ikan lele, berbeda dengan kulit ikan pada umumnya yang dijadikan gelatin. Penelitian ini mempelajari tentang gelatin kulit ikan belut dan lele dari segi rendemen dan komposisi proksimat. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengeringan, kondisi kulit segar dan kering juga dipelajari. Tahapan ekstraksi yang dilakukan untuk keseluruhan jenis ikan sama, kecuali penanganan kulit ikan kering yang sebelumnya direndam dalam air selama 4 jam. Kulit ikan direndam kembali dalam 0,05M asam asetat selama 10 jam, kemudian dicuci dan diekstraksi dengan aquadest pada suhu 80<sup>O</sup>C selama 2 jam, cairan yang didapat difiltrasi. Filtratnya dikeringkan dalam cabinet dryer suhu 55<sup>O</sup>C selama 48 jam hingga diperoleh lembaran gelatin, kemudian diblender menjadi granula gelatin.</p><p>Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gelatin kulit ikan kering mempunyai rendemen sedikit lebih rendah dibandingkan gelatin dari kulit ikan segarnya. Kadar protein gelatin kulit ikan kering telihat tinggi dibandingkan kulit segarnya. Pengeringan kulit ikan berpengaruh pada penurunan kadar abu dan lemak, namun tidak mempengaruhi kadar air gelatin hasil ekstraksi. Gelatin kulit segar ikan lele memiliki nilai rendemen tertinggi yaitu 22,01%. Komposisi proksimat yang terbaik diantara keseluruhan kondisi dan jenis kulit dapat dilihat pada gelatin kulit segar ikan belut dimana memiliki kadar air 9,91%; kadar abu 3,07%; kadar protein 91,61%; dan kadar lemak 0,82%.</p><p><em>Skin of swam ell and catfish were potential to gelatin</em><em> extracted. Swamp ell skin doesn’t have scales, with much mucus and a few fat for catfish, it’s different from another fish skin that gelatin extracted usually. This research was studied yield and proximate gelatin extracted from skin of swam ell and catfish. Influence of drying was observed too.</em></p><p><em>The first stage of the research was raw material preparation (fresh and dry fish skin) soaked in aquadest for 4 hours. Fish skin extracted using 0,05 M acetic acid for 10 hours, washed in water and then extracted using aquadest at 80<sup>O</sup>C for 2 hours to get gelatin</em><em> liquid, the liquid was filtrated. Filtrat was dried in cabinet dryer at 55<sup>O</sup>C for 48 hours to get gelatin layers, and then blended to get gelatin granule. </em> <em>The results were gelatin</em><em> yield from dry fish skin lower than fresh fish skin. Gelatin protein from dry fish skin more higher than fresh skin. Influence of fish skin drying was decrease gelatin ash and fat, but gelatin moisture wasn’t influenced. Gelatin from fresh skin swamp ell was the best gelatin with moisture 9,91%, ash 3,07%, protein 91,61%, lipid 0,82%. </em></p>
PENGARUH KEBERADAAN PANGKALAN PENDARATAN IKAN (PPI) SAIJAAN KOTABARU TERHADAP PENDAPATAN PENGUSAHA PERIKANAN DI KECAMATAN PULAU LAUT UTARA KABUPATEN KOTABARU PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Syahruddin Syahruddin , Mahyudin Idiannor , Sri Mahreda Emmy 
Published: August 2016

Fish landing base (PPI) is a container that can support development and the development of a better fishery.Accordence with the increasing number of fishing vessels that enter the territory Kotabaru, either the ships from itself or the ships that come from the outside area. Making the existence of the PPI Saijaan Kotabaru a medium which accommodates fishery activities to make a direct relevance relationship of upriver and downstream activities. This research was conducted: identifying facilities, conditions and function of the PPI Saijaan Kotabaru; Analyzing changes in the income of entrepreneur fishery before and after the PPI Saijaan Kotabaru in District Stagen Kotabaru; Formulating a strategy of economic development of the PPI Saijaan Kotabaru as an area of fisheries.Analysis Technique of the research uses qualitative and quantitative method with descriptive approach. The results obtained that the basic, functional and additional facilities of the PPI Saijaan Kotabaru have been fulfilled by 90 % and have not been fulfilled by 10 % thatneed to be developed. Condition and function facilities of the PPI Saijaan Kotabaru, is only 90 % facilities are function optimally and 10 % is not function optimally.Wilcoxon test results in Statistics Test, shows that value of Wilcoxon test p-value is 0.003 (< 0.05),then Ho is rejected and H1 is accepted, meaning that there is a very significant difference from the increased income of entrepreneur fishery after the construction of the PPI Saijaan Kotabaru as well. The results of the value to external factors (EFAS) is = 2.85, while for internal factors (IFAS) is = 2.55. So the value of EFAS >IFAS value, then a qualitative activity and capacity of existing facilities of the PPI Saijaan Kotabaru still very likely to be developed.
Effect of Fracture Roughness, Shear Displacement, Fluid Type, and Proppant on the Conductivity of a Single Fracture: A Visual and Quantitative Analysis
Authors: Raimbay A.. , Babadagli T.. , Kuru E.. , Develi K.. 
Published: August 2016

Summary
Proppants are one of the essential parameters in fracturing design. They not only provide fracture conductivity but also prevent “healing” of fractures. Hence, the quantification of proppant-transport characteristics is highly critical in a sustainable production from hydraulically fractured wells. Previous attempts in this regard were limited to smooth (parallel) fracture surfaces to a great extent, but the roughness of fractures may control the conductivity of hydraulic fractures in the presence of proppants.
This paper focuses on experimental measurements to visually and quantitatively investigate the hydraulic characteristics of rough fractures in the presence of proppants. Transparent models of the fractures of different origin rocks (granite, marble, and limestone) were prepared. Water and polymeric solutions representing typical rheological properties of hydraulic-fracturing fluids were injected through the models (joint and sheared fractures) with and without propping agents. The conductivity changes caused by proppant distribution caused by the roughness of fracture surfaces were quantified and correlated to different fractal characteristics of surface roughness. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were supported by images collected through the experiments.
Proppant behaviors in joint- and shear-type fractures were observed to be different. In both cases, fracture-closure areas existed, which controlled the proppant transportation and fracture conductivity. The qualitative and quantitative data provided on the degree of conductivity change in a single fracture (in the presence and absence of propping agents) are expected to be useful in accurate performance estimation of oil/gas production from fractured systems.
Growth and yield difference due to application of various levels of gibberelic acid in local and BARI falon-1
Authors: Nabi AJMN , Hawlader MHK , Hasan MM , Haque MZ , Rahaman ML 
Published: August 2016

An experiment was carried out at the research farm of Patuakhali Science and Technology University (PSTU) during the period from November 2010 to April 2011 to study on growth and yield performance of cowpea (BARI Falon-1 and local Falon) with different concentration of GA3 (control, 25.00, 33.33, 50.00 and 100.00 ppm) to find out the suitable variety and optimum level of gibberelic acid (GA3) application which would be also suitable to cultivate under coastal region of Patuakhali. Among the treatments, GA3 at 33.33 ppm treated plant of BARI Falon1 showed the better performance on growth and yield contributing characters. As a result, the tallest plant (62.53 cm), number of leaves and branches plant1 (28.67 and 20.07, respectively), TDM (83.99 g), CGR (1.68 cm2 day-1), RGR (0.729 cm2 day-1) and NAR (1.275 cm2 day-1) were exhibited from the variety BARI Falon-1 with the spraying of GA3 at 33.33 ppm at harvest. Yield contributing characters had also higher such as pods plant1 (11.67), length of pod (17.20 cm), seeds pod1 (16.80), 100-seed weight (12.49 g), seed yield (20.16 g plant-1 and 3139.93 kg ha-1) and harvest index (24.04%) with the variety BARI Falon1 whily it was treated by 33.33 ppm GA3. Hence, it can be concluded that the application of GA3 up to 33.33 ppm than other GA3 levels and BARI Falon-1 than Local Falon would be the most suitable for obtaining the greater yield of cowpea under the coastal area of Patuakhali region. So, considering the above observation, BARI Falon-1 therefore is suggested to cultivate in Patuakhali region while 33.33 ppm GA3 would be also optimum level for the better prodcution of cowpea.Progressive Agriculture 27 (2): 94-100, 2016
Criminality and election outcomes in Nigeria
Authors: Suleiman Barnabas 
Published: August 2016

<p>This study explores democratic practice in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic in the light of globally prescribed and acceptable norms, tenets and values of democracy as a form of government. The study was conducted in Nigeria and adopted a multistage sampling technique to administer questionnaire to 700 delegates across the six (6) geopolitical zones of Nigeria’s 36 States. The results and findings show that Nigeria’s democracy is plagued with massive electoral fraud, including intimidation, disenfranchisement of eligible contestants and voters from participating in the democratic process, corruption of the election process, scam, and fraudulent declaration of winners of elections. The implications of such democratic deceit in Nigeria’s democracy includes voter apathy resulting from lack of confidence in the democratic process and outcome, violence and political instability and the nonparticipation of qualified and honest citizens in the politics of Nigeria. Consequently, leaders that emerge from Nigeria’s democratic politics are not always the choice of the people, which explains why they are not accountable to the people as well as why there is deficit of public trust in Nigeria’s democratic system.</p>
Five Years Later: An Update on the Status of Collections of Endemic Gulf of Mexico Fishes Put at Risk by the 2010 Oil Spill
Authors: Chakrabarty Prosanta , O’Neill Glynn , Hardy Brannon , Ballengee Brandon 
Published: August 2016

The 2010 Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill took place over 180,000 square kilometers during a 12-week period over five years ago; however, this event continues to influence the development and distribution of organisms in and around the region of the disaster. Here we examine fish species that may have been most affected by noting their past distribution in the region of the spill and examining data of known collecting events over the last 10 years (five years prior to the spill, five years post spill).
We found that more than half of the endemic fish species of the Gulf (45 of 77)
Intravitreal Bevacizumab for Zone II Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Larrañaga-Fragoso Paula , Peralta Jesús , Bravo-Ljubetic Luciano , Pastora Natalia , Abelairas-Gómez José 
Published: August 2016

Purpose:
To evaluate the treatment outcomes of intravitreal bevacizumab injections as monotherapy in type 1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

Methods:
A retrospective chart review was performed for patients with type 1 ROP who had intravitreal bevacizumab injections between November 2013 and January 2015 at La Paz University Hospital in Madrid, Spain. Gestational age at birth, birth weight, sex, ROP zone, ROP stage, mean age at treatment, and follow-up period were recorded. The final clinical status of the retina was noted for each patient. The primary outcome measures included ROP recurrences requiring re-treatment, complete or incomplete peripheral vascularization, mean age at complete vascularization, and refractive errors.

Results:
From 14 patients enrolled with type 1 ROP, 28 eyes were included. The mean gestational age at birth was 25.9 ± 2.34 weeks (range: 23.6 to 32.4 weeks) and the median birth weight was 694 g (range: 487 to 1,740 g). All eyes showed zone II ROP: 18 eyes (64.3%) had anterior zone II ROP and 10 eyes (35.7%) had posterior zone II ROP. One week after intravitreal bevacizumab injection, 14 eyes (50%) had achieved complete regression of ROP, and a partial regression of ROP was observed in 10 eyes (35.7%). Twenty-two eyes (78.6%) obtained complete vascularization during the follow-up. The median time to complete vascularization was 134 ± 21.45 days. The mean spherical equivalent at last visit was 1.99 diopters.

Conclusions:
Intravitreal bevacizumab injection used as a monotherapy is an effective treatment approach in patients with zone II ROP.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2016;53(6):375–382.]
Optic Gliomas in Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Authors: Parkhurst Emily , Abboy Sridevi 
Published: August 2016

Purpose:
To examine the incidence, presentation, and outcome of optic gliomas in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) in Southern California Kaiser Permanente.

Methods:
The authors queried the Southern California Kaiser Permanente electronic medical record database to find patients diagnosed as having NF1. Genetics, ophthalmology, and imaging medical records of patients with optic glioma were reviewed.

Results:
A total of 708 patients younger than 21 years had a diagnosis of NF1 in Southern California Kaiser Permanente and 30 (4.2%) had a diagnosis of optic glioma. The average age of diagnosis was 5 years, with a range of 18 months to 12 years. Half (15 of 30) of the patients diagnosed as having optic glioma presented with symptoms (eg, vision loss, proptosis, and precocious puberty). Eight of 15 of the symptomatic patients were treated with surgery and/or chemotherapy. Symptomatic children were diagnosed later than those diagnosed through routine screening (5.7 vs 3.9 years old). The oldest child presented with symptoms at age 12 years. One asymptomatic patient had prophylactic chemotherapy. Sixty-three percent (19 of 30) of the gliomas were bilateral, 23% (7 of 30) were right-sided, and 13% (4 of 30) were left-sided. Fifty-three percent (17 of 30) of the gliomas involved the optic chiasm.

Conclusions:
Screening practices for optic glioma are inconsistent. Most children with NF1 at risk for optic glioma do not have even one visit with an ophthalmologist. Children with NF1 can develop asymptomatic optic glioma as early as age 1 year. Annual ophthalmologic examination and screening for precocious puberty in children with NF1 is important for early diagnosis of optic gliomas and may reduce morbidity.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2016;53(6):334–338.]
Surgical resection of low-grade gliomas in eloquent areas with the guidance of the preoperative functional magnetic resonance imaging and craniometric points
Authors: Abdullah Ahmed , Shitany Hisham El , Abbass Waleed , Safwat Amr , Elsamman Amr K , Refaee Ehab El 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Objectives: Surgical resection of low-grade gliomas (LGGs) in eloquent areas is one of the challenges in neurosurgery, using assistant tools to facilitate effective excision with minimal postoperative neurological deficits has been previously discussed (awake craniotomy and intraoperative cortical stimulation); however, these tools could have their own limitations thus implementation of a simple and effective technique that can guide to safe excision is needed in many situations. Materials and Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected data of 76 consecutive surgical cases of LGGs of these 21 cases were situated in eloquent areas. Preoperative functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), pre- and post-operative MRI with volumetric analysis of the tumor size was conducted, and intraoperative determination of the craniometric points related to the tumor (navigation guided in 10 cases) were studied to evaluate the effectiveness of the aforementioned tools in safe excision of the aforementioned tumors. Results: Total-near total excision in 14 (66.67%) subtotal in 6 (28.57%), and biopsy in 1 case (4.57%). In long-term follow–up, only one case experienced persistent dysphasia. Conclusion: In spite of its simplicity, the identification of the safe anatomical landmarks guided by the preoperative fMRI is a useful technique that serves in safe excision of LGGs in eloquent areas. Such technique can replace intraoperative evoked potentials or the awake craniotomy in most of the cases. However, navigation-guided excision might be crucial in deeply seated and large tumors to allow safe and radical excision.
Monitoring of noncommunicable diseases
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Aggarwal Vivek , Hari Kumar K. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractNoncommunicable diseases (NCDs) represent a major fraction of the global health burden in terms of morbidity and mortality, and its prevalence is on the rise across the world. As more and more people are living with various NCD, primary and secondary prevention becomes an important tool to contain this impending epidemic. The spectrum of major NCD includes cardiovascular disorders (CVD), diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), and cancer, with CVD contributing to the majority of deaths attributed to NCD. Control of hypertension is important intervention which can significantly decrease the risk of CVD, which can be achieved by three-pronged approaches such as encompassing dietary, physical exercise, and pharmacological interventions. Monitoring is an integral part of this approach, wherein recording of blood pressure and various investigations are required to be done at variable intervals. DM is an important NCD where primary and secondary preventions are of paramount importance. Similarly, other NCDs such as COPD and cancer also require various monitoring protocols. In this article, we review the current concepts in monitoring and prevention of major NCDs along with the recommendations from the scientific societies.
Effectiveness of a Sensory-Enriched Early Intervention Group Program for Children With Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Blanche Erna Imperatore , Chang Megan C. , Gutiérrez Juliana , Gunter Janet S. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractOBJECTIVE. The study’s objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Interdisciplinary Sensory-Enriched Early Intervention (ISEEI) group program for children with developmental delays.METHOD. We conducted a retrospective chart review of 63 children ages 18–36 mo who participated in ISEEI. We evaluated participants with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development III (Bayley–III) and the Infant/Toddler Sensory Profile (ITSP) at enrollment and after 3–9 mo. We conducted a paired t test to examine changes in the Bayley–III between pre- and posttests.RESULTS. At enrollment, 70% of children presented atypical scores in two or more areas of sensory processing in the ITSP. Results revealed that children with sensory processing difficulties demonstrated significant improvement in all areas of development except fine motor skills; children without sensory processing difficulties showed significant improvement in language and cognition.CONCLUSION. The ISEEI group program is an effective method to ameliorate developmental delays.
Faire connaitre la démographie dans les médias : l’exemple de la question linguistique
Authors: Paillé Michel 
Published: August 2016

Cet article reprend sept textes parus dans des quotidiens du Québec traitant de trois domaines largement étudiés par Jacques Henripin : la politique linguistique, la fécondité et l’immigration. L’auteur montre d’abord que la majorité francophone du Québec se diversifie davantage, puis, en comparant avec l’anglais en Ontario, il montre les effets positifs de la politique linguistique sur la langue parlée à la maison et critique l’exploitation indue de l’« indice de vitalité linguistique ». Bien que de plus en plus d’enfants naissent dans des foyers où la mère a fait du français sa langue d’adoption, la pérennité de la majorité francophone n’est pas assurée du fait d’une fécondité toujours trop faible. L’auteur fait également état du trop grand optimisme de certains médias dans leur analyse des projections démographiques. Enfin, cet article rappelle que l’enseignement du français aux immigrants d’âge adulte laisse encore à désirer et montre l’effet domino de l’immigration internationale sur l’étalement de la population francophone en périphérie de Montréal.
Local conductance spectra of itinerant ferromagnetic SrRuO3 through break junction
Authors: Kambara Hiroshi , Obinata Yūki , Tenya Kenichi , Tsujii Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
We have measured the local differential conductance spectra (dI/dV–V) of an itinerant ferromagnet composed of polycrystalline SrRuO3 using the mechanically controllable break junction technique. Below the material’s Curie temperature (T
C = 160 K), characteristic peak or dip conductance spectra are observed. The characteristic energy scale is comparable to the exchange spin splitting energy that is based on ferromagnetic band calculations. Both the peak and dip spectral shapes are explained based on the itinerant ferromagnetic characteristics of SrRuO3 in terms of spin-dependent transmission, which is similar to the giant magnetoresistance mechanism.
Optical phonons and polariton dispersions of congruent LiNbO3 studied by far-infrared spectroscopic ellipsometry and Raman scattering
Authors: Kojima Seiji , Kanehara Kazuki , Hoshina Takuya , Tsurumi Takaaki 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
IR active optical modes and phonon–polaritons with E(x) and A1(z) symmetries were studied in a ferroelectric congruent lithium niobate crystal. The real and imaginary parts of a dielectric constant along the a- and c-axes were accurately determined by far-infrared spectroscopic ellipsometry (FIRSP) from 40 to 700 cm−1. For the nine transverse optical (TO) modes with E(x) symmetry, it was difficult to observe the 5th E(TO5) mode at 361 cm−1 and the 9th E(TO9) mode at 665 cm−1 by Raman scattering owing to the very low Raman intensity, while these modes were clearly observed by FIRSP. In contrast, the 6th E(TO6) mode at 371 cm−1 was not observed by FIRSP owing to the very weak absorption, while it was clearly observed by Raman scattering. All the four TO modes with A1(z) symmetry were clearly observed independently by FIRSP and Raman scattering. The dispersion relations of phonon–polaritons including the damping of polaritons were determined using the real and imaginary parts of a polariton wavevector calculated from complex dielectric constants. The polariton dispersion of the lowest A1(z) mode at 254 cm−1 is in agreement with the previous forward Raman scattering experiment; however, any anticrossing predicted by the previous impulsive Raman scattering experiment was not observed.