bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating Raindrop Kinetic Energy: Evaluation of a Low-Cost Method
Authors: Wang Jian , Watts Dexter B. , Meng Qinqian , Way Thomas R. , Zhang Qingfeng 
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The Loess Plateau of China is regarded as the most intensively eroded region in the world and soil erosion caused by raindrop impact is a common occurrence on agricultural land within this region. Therefore, understanding the influence of rainfall energy on the soil surface is needed to improve prescriptions for best management practices aimed at mitigating erosion. Disdrometers for measuring rainfall energy are presently available; however, these are relatively expensive and their use may not be justified for determining raindrop energy for predictive soil erosion models in regions where there are limited economic resources. To overcome this constraint, a device was tested for evaluating size and velocity of water drops during rainfall events. This device utilized two rotating disks combined with filter paper to obtain raindrop diameter and velocity which can then be used for determining the kinetic energy of falling raindrops. With this device, raindrop diameter was determined from the resultant raindrop stain left on the filter paper during rainfall events and velocity was calculated from the time it took a falling raindrop to travel between the pair of rotating disks. Measurements were taken for approximately 10 minutes during each of six rainfall events of different intensities over a three month period (from June to August of 2013). The smallest raindrop measured was 0.39 mm diameter and the largest was 5.92 mm diameter. The event average raindrop diameter increased with increasing event rainfall intensity. The minimum raindrop impact velocity was 1.47 m s-1, the maximum was 9.45 m s-1, and the event average terminal velocity increased as event rainfall intensity increased. Estimated raindrop kinetic energy ranged from 0.04 × 10-6 J to 4728.21 × 10-6 J, with event mean raindrop kinetic energy ranging from 40.33 x 10-6 J to 276.94 × 10-6 J. The relationship between estimated event rainfall kinetic energy and event rainfall intensity was represented by an exponential function. The disk device was also compared to an optical disdrometer. The data collected for rainfall intensity, raindrop diameter, and velocity were statistically similar between the two devices. Results from this study show that this low-cost method can be used to estimate rainfall kinetic energy in the Loess Plateau region of Northwest China. Keywords: Loess Plateau, Raindrop diameter, Raindrop velocity, Rainfall intensity.
Avance de Investigación: Un modo de construcción de la otredad. Representaciones de la Policía Federal Argentina acerca de los nexos entre la inmigración sudamericana y la delincuencia
Authors: Abiuso Federico Luis 
Published: August 2017

En este artículo indagaré en un modo de construcción de la otredad. Me interesará estudiar las representaciones acerca de los nexos existentes entre la inmigración sudamericana y la delincuencia, por parte de la Policía Federal Argentina. Para ello, se tomarán distintos antecedentes teóricos e investigaciones previas, y el análisis se realizará empleando la estrategia de la Teoría fundamentada.De esta manera propongo reconstruir, mediante la aplicación del método de comparación constante en el dominio empírico de la Revista de Policía y Criminalística, las categorías y etiquetas que refieren a los antedichos vínculos, especialmente considerando que de esa manera se hace posible dar cuenta cuáles serían algunas de las representaciones y estereotipos dominantes allí producidas. Y a su vez, destacando que su existencia y difusión al interior de una publicación institucional y en la configuración de una determinada identidad policial, puede constituir el puntapié inicial de un proceso de criminalización del migrante.
Assessing regional lung mechanics by combining electrical impedance tomography and forced oscillation technique
Authors: Ngo Chuong , Spagnesi Sarah , Munoz Carlos , Lehmann Sylvia , Vollmer Thomas , Misgeld Berno , Leonhardt Steffen 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
There is a lack of noninvasive pulmonary function tests which can assess regional information of the lungs. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a radiation-free, non-invasive real-time imaging that provides regional information of ventilation volume regarding the measurement of electrical impedance distribution. Forced oscillation technique (FOT) is a pulmonary function test which is based on the measurement of respiratory mechanical impedance over a frequency range. In this article, we introduce a new measurement approach by combining FOT and EIT, named the oscillatory electrical impedance tomography (oEIT). Our oEIT measurement system consists of a valve-based FOT device, an EIT device, pressure and flow sensors, and a computer fusing the data streams. Measurements were performed on five healthy volunteers at the frequencies 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 15, and 20 Hz. The measurements suggest that the combination of FOT and EIT is a promising approach. High frequency responses are visible in the derivative of the global impedance index

$\Delta {Z_{{\text{eit}}}}(t,{f_{{\text{os}}}}).$
The oEIT signals consist of three main components: forced oscillation, spontaneous breathing, and heart activity. The amplitude of the oscillation component decreases with increasing frequency. The band-pass filtered oEIT signal might be a new tool in regional lung function diagnostics, since local responses to high frequency perturbation could be distinguished between different lung regions.
Endocrine and autocrine/paracrine modulators of brown adipose tissue mass and activity as novel therapeutic strategies against obesity and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Scheideler Marcel , Herzig Stephan , Georgiadi Anastasia 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe dramatically increasing world-wide prevalence of obesity is recognized as a risk factor for the development of various diseases. The growing research on the role of adipose tissue in controlling energy homeostasis and insulin sensitivity has revealed that the promotion of brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity and the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) leads to multiple health benefits and prevents obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Inducible thermogenic adipocytes do exist in adult humans and are linked with increased energy combustion and lower body fat mass. Thus brown adipocytes are currently placed at the center of attention for novel therapeutic strategies against metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. Besides the classical, norepinephrine-mediated sympathetic recruitment and activation of thermogenic adipocytes, a number of novel circulating factors have been recently identified to have a positive or negative impact on thermogenic adipocyte formation and activity. In this review their mechanism of action and the plausible therapeutic applications will be summarized and discussed.
Maintaining protein composition in cilia
Authors: Stephen Louise A. , Elmaghloob Yasmin , Ismail Shehab 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe primary cilium is a sensory organelle that is vital in regulating several signalling pathways. Unlike most organelles cilia are open to the rest of the cell, not enclosed by membranes. The distinct protein composition is crucial to the function of cilia and many signalling proteins and receptors are specifically concentrated within distinct compartments. To maintain this composition, a mechanism is required to deliver proteins to the cilium whilst another must counter the entropic tendency of proteins to distribute throughout the cell. The combination of the two mechanisms should result in the concentration of ciliary proteins to the cilium. In this review we will look at different cellular mechanisms that play a role in maintaining the distinct composition of cilia, including regulation of ciliary access and trafficking of ciliary proteins to, from and within the cilium.
Temperature-dependent vibration analysis of a FG viscoelastic cylindrical microshell under various thermal distribution via modified length scale parameter: a numerical solution
Authors: Safarpour Hamed , Mohammadi Kianoosh , Ghadiri Majid 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this article, the vibrational analysis of temperature-dependent cylindrical functionally graded (FG) microshells surrounded by viscoelastic a foundation is investigated by means of the modified couple stress theory (MCST). MCST is applied to this model to be productive in design and analysis of micro actuators and micro sensors. The modeled cylindrical FG microshell, its equations of motion and boundary conditions are derived by Hamilton’s principle and the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT). For the first time, in the present study, functionally graded length scale parameter which changes along the thickness has been considered in the temperature-dependent cylindrical FG microshell. The accuracy of the present model is verified with previous studies and also with those obtained by analytical Navier method. The novelty of the current study is consideration of viscoelastic foundation, various thermal loadings and size effect as well as satisfying various boundary conditions implemented on the temperature-dependent cylindrical FG microshell using MCST. Generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM) is applied to discretize the equations of motion. Then, some factors are investigated such as the influence of length to radius ratio, damping, Winkler and Pasternak foundations, different temperature changes, circumferential wave numbers, and boundary conditions on natural frequency of the cylindrical FG microshell. The results have many applications such as modeling of microrobots and biomedical microsystems.
Preparation and characterization of sol-gel derived (ThxCe1−x)O2 microspheres
Authors: Çetinkaya Berkan , Tel Hüseyin 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
(ThxCe1−x)O2 microspheres (x=0.50, 0.75 and 0.95) with high homogeneity were prepared via sol-gel technique, starting from the initial chemical materials Th(NO3)4·5H2O and (NH4)2[Ce(NO3)6]. The sols were prepared by addition of ammonia under pH and temperature control. Sols were gelated to spherical form in a gelation system consisting of peristaltic pump, flow regulator, nozzle and a glass column. To obtain crack-free spheres suitable for gelation, source sols neutralization conditions, drop formation and pre-hardening medium were investigated and the optimum conditions were determined. After aging, washing and drying steps, gel microspheres were characterized. For this purpose, thermal behaviors of spheres were investigated with TG/DTA analysis. Dried microspheres at 80°C were calcined at three different temperatures, namely 450°C, 800°C and 1150°C, and crystal parameters were calculated from XRD data. BET specific surface area and BJH porosity analyses were also carried out.
Long-Term Changes in Jump Performance and Maximum Strength in a Cohort of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Women's Volleyball Athletes
Authors: Kavanaugh Ashley A. , Mizuguchi Satoshi , Sands William A. , Ramsey Michael W. , Stone Michael H. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Kavanaugh, AA, Mizuguchi, S, Sands, WA, Ramsey, MW, and Stone, MH. Long-term changes in jump performance and maximum strength in a cohort of NCAA division I women's volleyball Athletes. J Strength Cond Res 32(1): 66–75, 2018—The purpose of this investigation was to quantify the magnitude of change in maximal strength and jumping abilities over approximately 1, 2, and 3 years of supervised sport and resistance training in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) division I women's volleyball athletes. This was an exploratory study on a cohort of women's volleyball athletes (n = 29) split into 3 groups based on the length of the time spent in a supervised resistance training program: group 1 (n = 11): 0.7 ± 0.3 years, group 2 (n = 9): 1.6 ± 0.2 years, and group 3 (n = 9): 2.4 ± 0.6 years. Monitoring tests consisted of standing height (cm), body mass (kg), body fat (%), static jump height (SJH) and countermovement JH (CMJH) with 0-, 11-, and 20-kg loads (cm), and midthigh clean pull isometric peak force (IPF) and allometrically scaled IPF (IPFa) (N·kg−0.67). Increasing trends were observed for all variables from groups 1 to 2 to 3. Statistically greater improvements (p ≤ 0.05) with moderate to large effect sizes were found between groups 1 and 3 for SJH 0 (19.7%, d = 1.35), SJH 11 (23.8%, d = 1.23), SJH 20 (30.6%, d = 1.20), CMJH 11 (22.6%, d = 1.18), IPF (44.4%, d = 1.22), and IPFa (41.2%, d = 1.32). A combination of traditional resistance training exercises and weightlifting variations at various loads, in addition to volleyball practice, seem to be effective at increasing maximal strength by 44% and vertical JH by 20–30% in NCAA division I women's volleyball athletes after about 2.5 years of training. Furthermore, these characteristics can be improved in the absence of additional plyometric training outside normal volleyball-specific practice.
Relationship Between Repeated Kicking Performance and Maximal Aerobic Capacity in Elite Junior Australian Football
Authors: Joseph Jacob , Woods Carl , Joyce Christopher 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Joseph, J, Woods, C, and Joyce, C. Relationship between repeated kicking performance and maximal aerobic capacity in elite junior Australian football. J Strength Cond Res 34(8): 2294–2301, 2020—Australian football (AF) is a physically demanding game, requiring players to engage in a range of anaerobic activities interspersed with prolonged aerobic exercise. Coupled, players have to perform a range of technical skills, the most fundamental of which being to effectively kick (dispose) the ball. The aim of this study was to ascertain the extent to which aerobic capacity influenced kicking performance in AF. Twenty four elite U18 players competing in the same U18 competition performed the Australian football kicking (AFK) test 3 times with the Yo-Yo IR2 completed twice (between each AFK), with no rest between all 3 AFKs. Linear mixed models (LMMs) reported the extent to which kicking speed and accuracy scores were influenced by the level reached on the yo-yo IR2. Results indicated that players who recorded a higher level on the Yo-Yo IR2 produced a faster average kicking speed after each AFK (p < 0.01), whereas for all players, kicking speed was faster and more accurate on their dominant kicking leg regardless of score on the Yo-Yo IR2 (p < 0.01). The LMMs also reported that those who maintained kicking speeds after 2 Yo-Yo IR2 also had higher competition kicking efficiency than those who reported reduced kicking speeds. These results show that aerobically proficient U18 AF players who attain a relatively higher score on the Yo-Yo IR2 may be better equipped at preserving their kicking speed. Thus, coaches may wish to integrate both technical and aerobic drills in an attempt to preserve a player's capability to execute ball disposals with a high velocity.
Time Flies When You're at RPE13: How Exercise Intensity Influences Perception of Time
Authors: Hanson Nicholas J. , Lee Taylor L. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Hanson, NJ and Lee, TL. Time flies when you're at RPE13: How exercise intensity influences perception of time. J Strength Cond Res 34(12): 3546–3553, 2020—Previous studies have shown that there are some changes in our perception of time during exercise, but the relationship between intensity level and these perceptions is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of exercise intensity on prospective time estimations. Twenty-two trained runners (10 male, 12 female; age 25 ± 6 years) participated in three 30-minute treadmill runs that were perceptually regulated at rating of perceived exertion (RPE) levels of 13 (“somewhat hard”), 15 (“hard”), and 17 (“very hard”). Prospective time assessments, in which subjects estimated durations of 1, 3, 7, and 20 seconds, were obtained immediately before exercise, during (at 10 and 20 minutes), and after exercise. A 3 (RPE) × 4 (timepoint) × 4 (estimated duration) repeated-measures analysis of variance was completed. There was a significant main effect of RPE level (p = 0.013). Post hoc tests revealed that time estimations at RPE17 were significantly lower than those at RPE13 (p = 0.021). The main effects of timepoint and estimated duration were not significant (both p ≥ 0.05), and no interactions were present. However, there was a trend for time estimations to decrease in all conditions as exercise progressed, with a rebound after cessation of exercise. This study showed a clear effect of exercise intensity on time perception. Specifically, the subjects perceived time to pass by more slowly as intensity increased.
Simultaneously Excitatory and Inhibitory Effects of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation Revealed Using Selective Pulse-Train Stimulation in the Rat Motor Cortex
Authors: Khatoun Ahmad , Asamoah Boateng , Mc Laughlin Myles 
Published: August 2017

Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) uses sinusoidal, subthreshold, electric fields to modulate cortical processing. Cortical processing depends on a fine balance between excitation and inhibition and tACS acts on both excitatory and inhibitory cortical neurons. Given this, it is not clear whether tACS should increase or decrease cortical excitability. We investigated this using transcranial current stimulation of the rat (all males) motor cortex consisting of a continuous subthreshold sine wave with short bursts of suprathreshold pulse-trains inserted at different phases to probe cortical excitability. We found that when a low-rate, long-duration, suprathreshold pulse-train was used, subthreshold cathodal tACS decreased cortical excitability and anodal tACS increased excitability. However, when a high-rate, short-duration, suprathreshold pulse-train was used this pattern was inverted. An integrate-and-fire model incorporating biophysical differences between cortical excitatory and inhibitory neurons could predict the experimental data and helped interpret these results. The model indicated that low-rate suprathreshold pulse-trains preferentially stimulate excitatory cortical neurons, whereas high-rate suprathreshold pulse-trains stimulate both excitatory and inhibitory neurons. If correct, this indicates that suprathreshold pulse-train stimulation may be able to selectively control the excitation–inhibition balance within a cortical network. The excitation–inhibition balance then likely plays an important role in determining whether subthreshold tACS will increase or decrease cortical excitability.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTranscranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a noninvasive neuromodulation method that uses weak sinusoidal electric fields to modulate cortical activity. In healthy volunteers tACS can modulate perception, cognition, and motor function but the underlying neural mechanism is poorly understood. In this study, using rat motor cortex, we found that tACS effects are highly variable: applying the same tACS waveform to the same cortical area does not always give the same change in cortical excitability. An integrate-and-fire model incorporating excitatory pyramidal and inhibitory interneurons indicated that tACS effects likely depend on the cortical excitation–inhibition balance. When cortical activity is excitation dominated one particular tACS phase increases excitability, but when the cortical activity is inhibition dominated the same tACS phase actually decreases excitability.
Curriculum Readiness and Program Evaluation In Implementing Indonesian National Qualifications Framework Curriculum (KKNI)
Authors: Fauzan F , Latip Asep Ediana 
Published: August 2017

Abstract The purpose of this study is to determine the study program readiness in State Islamic University (UIN) Jakarta in implementing KKNI based curriculum. It can be seen from the availability of the documents course curriculum in UIN Jakarta which consists of 71% of the vision, mission, graduate profile, achievement of learning, the curriculum structure and Semester Lesson Plan (RPS). It also can be evidenced by the quality of the documents that 1) 99% of study programs have developed a vision and mission for the implementation of the curriculum. 2) 77% of study programs have developed a graduate profile according to level 6 of the KKNI based curriculum which is the basis for the development of graduate-level profile. 3) development of learning achievements in environmental studies program UIN Jakarta, 59% of the study programs have been formulated learning achievements which is in accordance with the learning outcomes defined for an undergraduate level. 4) 35% of the curriculum structure of the study program have met KKNI implementation standards. 5) development of Semester Lesson Plan (RPS) program in environmental studies UIN Jakarta, 82% of the Semester Lesson Plan or RPS which is in line with the principles of RPS development expected in the KKNI implementation has been developed by several study programs at UIN Jakarta. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesiapan program studi di Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta dalam mengimplementasikan Kurikulum berbasis KKNI. Kesiapan tersebut dapat dilihat melalui ketersediaan dokumen kurikulum program studi di UIN Jakarta yang terdiri dari 71% visi, misi, profil lulusan, capaian pembelajaran, Struktur Kurikulum dan Rencana Pembelajaran Semester (RPS). Selain itu, kesiapan program studi dalam mengaplikasikan dapat dibuktikan dari kualitas dokumen, yakni 1) 99% program studi telah mengembangkan visi dan misi untuk pelaksanaan kurikulum. 2)77% program studi telah mengambangkan profil lulusan menurut level 6 Kurikulum berbasis KKNI yang merupakan dasar untuk pengembangan profil lulusan. 3) pengembangan capaian pembelajaran di lingkungan program studi UIN Jakarta, 59% program studi telah merumuskan capaian pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan hasil belajar yang ditetapkan untuk program sarjana. 4) 35% struktur kurikulum program studi telah memenuhi standar pelaksanaan KKNI. 5) pengembangan Rencana Pembelajaran Semester (RPS) program studi di lingkungan UIN Jakarta, 82% dari Rencana Pembelajaran Semester atau RPS yang sejalan dengan prinsip-prinsip pengembangan RPS yang diharapkan dalam pelaksanaan KKNI telah dikembangkan oleh beberapa program studi di UIN Jakarta. How to Cite : Fauzan., Latip A., E. (2015). Curriculum Readiness and Program Evaluation in Implementing Indonesian National Qualifications Framework Curriculum (KKNI).TARBIYA: Journal Of Education In Muslim Society,2(2), 190-203. doi:10.15408/tjems.v2i2.3179. Permalink/DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/tjems.v2i2.3179
Az informális ellátás mérése és egészség-gazdaságtani értékelése
Authors: Zrubka Zsombor 
Published: August 2017

Abstract: Informal care is non-financed care outside the realm of formal healthcare, which represents an increasing challenge for aging societies. Informal care has frequently been neglected in health economic analyses, while in recent years its coverage has increased considerably in the international scientific literature. This review summarizes the methodology of the health-economic assessment of informal care, including the objective and subjective metrics of caregiver burden, its financial and non-financial valuation and practical applications, with special emphasis on the introduction of care-related quality of life instruments (e.g. Care Related Quality of Life – CarerQoL instrument). Care-related quality of life is a different entity from health-related quality of life, the two cannot be combined, so their joint evaluation requires multi-criteria decision analysis methods. Therefore, it is important to determine the societal preferences of care-related quality of life versus health-related quality of life, and map the relationship of care-related quality of life with time. The local validation of tools measuring care-related quality of life, its more widespread practical application and the analysis of its effect on decision making are also important part of the future research agenda. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(35): 1363–1372.