bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motive–goal congruence moderates the use of automatic self‐regulation
Authors: Müller Florian , Rothermund Klaus 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveWe tested whether the fit between individuals' motives and goal properties predicts efficiency of implicit self‐regulation.MethodParticipants' (German university students; Mage = 22; 64% female) implicit motives measurement (Multi‐Motive Grid) was followed by assessment of implicit self‐regulation in differently framed tasks. In Study 1 (N = 45), positive implicit evaluations of stimuli relating to an achievement goal (studying) were used as an indicator of implicit self‐regulation. Study 2 (N = 70) framed a laboratory task as either achievement or power related, thus experimentally controlling the goal's properties, and assessed implicit evaluations for task‐related stimuli with an evaluative priming paradigm. Study 3 (N = 67) contrasted playing a game framed as agency related (achievement, power) with a control condition. Implicit evaluations of task‐related stimuli were assessed as an indicator of self‐regulation with an approach/avoidance task.ResultsIn Study 1, implicit positive evaluations of an achievement goal were positively related to participants' achievement motive. Because of similarities between achievement and power, implicit positive evaluations of task‐related stimuli were positively related to the achievement motive in both conditions of Study 2. In Study 3, positive implicit evaluations of the task were positively related to the agency motives only in the agency condition.ConclusionsCongruence between individuals' implicit motives and goal properties boosts implicit self‐regulation, thus identifying a promising predictor for success and failure in self‐regulation that potentially mediates effects of goal–motive fit on goal pursuit.
The effect of dietary supplementation with Aurantiochytrium limacinum on lactating dairy cows in terms of animal health, productivity and milk composition
Authors: Moran C. A. , Morlacchini M. , Keegan J. D. , Fusconi G. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)‐rich microalgae, Aurantiochytrium limacinum (AURA), on a variety of health and productivity parameters in lactating cows. Twenty‐four cows were blocked by parity and number of days in milk and then randomly assigned to a control (CON; n = 12) group with no algal supplementation, or a treatment group (AURA; n = 12) provided with 100 g AURA cow−1 day−1 or 16 g DHA cow−1 day−1. A variety of health and productivity measurements were taken, and results indicated that supplementation had no negative effects on animal health in terms of somatic cell count, haematological and biochemical blood parameters, while body condition was marginally improved by algal supplementation. No differences were found for the various production parameters measured; however, a tendency towards increased milk production was observed for the AURA group during the final stage of the study (+4.5 kg cow−1 day−1, day 78–84). The fatty acid profile of milk was improved by supplementation, with significantly lower saturated fatty acids, significantly higher omega‐3 fatty acids and an improved omega‐3/omega‐6 ratio observed when compared to the control group. The amount of DHA in the milk of cows provided 105 g AURA head−1 day−1 was 4.7 mg/100 g milk with a peak transfer efficiency from feed to milk at day 49 of 8.3%. These results indicate that supplementation with 105 g AURA head−1 day−1 resulted in the successful enrichment of milk with DHA without negatively impacting the health or productivity of the animals.
Relationships of family conflict, cohesion, and chaos in the home environment on maternal and child food‐related behaviours
Authors: Martin‐Biggers Jennifer , Quick Virginia , Zhang Man , Jin Yanhong , Byrd‐Bredbenner Carol 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis study examined how food‐related behaviours differed in mothers and their preschool children by levels of family functioning (cohesion and conflict) and household disorganization (chaos). A nationally representative sample of mothers of preschoolers completed an online survey assessing food‐related behaviours of themselves and their children. Maternal and child diet, eating behaviours, and health status; household availability of fruits/vegetables, salty/fatty snacks, and sugar‐sweetened beverages; family mealtime atmosphere; and family conflict, cohesion, and household chaos were assessed with valid, reliable scales. Cluster analyses assigned families into low, middle, and high conflict, cohesion, and chaos groups. Participants (n = 550) were 72% White, and 82% had some post‐secondary education. Regression analysis examining the association of cluster grouping levels on diet‐related behaviour measures revealed that positive home environments (i.e., low family conflict, high family cohesion, and low household chaos) were associated with healthier food‐related behaviours (e.g., increased fruits/vegetables intake), whereas negative home environments (i.e., high family conflict, low family cohesion, and high household chaos) were associated with unhealthy food‐related behaviours (e.g., greater % total calories from fat) even after controlling for sociodemographic and related behavioural factors. Findings suggest family functioning and household chaos are associated with food‐related behaviours. This frequently overlooked component of family interaction may affect intervention outcomes and objectives of educational and interventional initiatives.
Male partner involvement on initiation and sustainment of exclusive breastfeeding among HIV‐infected post‐partum women: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ihekuna Dorothy , Rosenburg Neal , Menson William Nii Ayitey , Gbadamosi Semiu Olatunde , Olawepo John Olajide , Chike‐Okoli Adaeze , Cross Chad , Onoka Chima , Ezeanolue Echezona E. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractExclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected mothers is known to be associated with a sustained and significant reduction in HIV transmission and has the potential to reduce infant and under‐five mortality. Research shows that EBF is not common in many HIV‐endemic, resource‐limited settings despite recommendations by the World Health Organization. Although evidence abounds that male partner involvement increases HIV testing and uptake and retention of prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission interventions, few studies have evaluated the impact of male partners' involvement and decision‐making on initiation, maintenance, and sustainment of EBF. We propose a comparative effectiveness trial of Men's Club as intervention group compared to the control group on initiation and sustainment of EBF. Men's Club will provide male partners of HIV‐infected pregnant women one 5‐hr interactive educational intervention to increase knowledge on EBF and explore barriers and facilitators of EBF and support. Additionally, participating male partners in the Men's Club as intervention group will receive weekly text message reminders during the first 6‐week post‐natal period to improve initiation and sustainment of EBF. Participants in the Men's Club as control group will receive only educational pamphlets. Primary outcomes are the differences in the rates of initiation and sustainment of EBF at 6 months between the two groups. Secondary outcomes are differences in male partner knowledge of infant feeding options and the intent to support EBF in the two groups. Understanding the role and impact of male partners on the EBF decision‐making process will inform the development of effective and sustainable evidence‐based interventions to support the initiation and sustainment of EBF.
Lonely Arts: The Status of Aesthetics as A Sub‐Discipline
Authors: Wiltsher Nick 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis article offers five things: first, a description of the current status of aesthetics as a sub‐discipline of philosophy, showing that it's currently not regarded as part of the field's core; second, a case history asserting that the particular interests and approaches of aestheticians active in the twenty years or so after 1945 started trends that have defined the sub‐discipline ever since; third, a diagnosis arguing that this definition, which involves a narrow focus on certain questions about art, is responsible for the marginal status of aesthetics, leading as it does to the estrangement of curious students and the devaluation of expertise in aesthetics; fourth, a prescription suggesting that we can reverse those trends, and so bring aesthetics toward the core of philosophy; and fifth, a prognosis demonstrating that, happily, just the approach prescribed is already starting to take hold in aesthetics.
Publish or Perish
Authors: Davies Benjamin , Felappi Giulia 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFunds and positions in philosophy should be awarded through systems that are reliable, objective, and efficient. One question usually taken to be relevant is how many publications people have in a group of well‐respected journals. In the context of significant competition for jobs and funding, however, relying on quantity of publications creates a serious downside: the oft‐lamented demand that we publish or perish. This article offers a systematic review of the problems involved in contemporary academic philosophy, and argues that the resulting situation is bad not just for individual philosophers but also for philosophy itself: we are not working as a discipline to as high a standard as we might. The article then suggests some potential solutions, including some more detailed considerations around what seems a particularly promising option: a professional code of conduct for philosophers.
Blockchain, The Greater Good, and Human and Civil Rights
Authors: Hughes Kobina 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe central theme of this paper is that the development of a technology that is predicted to have a major impact on the way we transact with each other should be a matter where the needs of society at large are taken into account. Where the technology is one that emerges from the domain of the Internet, inclusivity becomes even more acute in order to avoid widening the already existing gap in reaping the “digital dividend.” With blockchain, the obligation could even be seen as a moral one, as blockchain is said to have the potential to negate the scope for the abuse of trust by states and institutions. This could be a game changer in areas such as public procurement and the conduct of elections where abuse can lead to the denial of essential resources and a concomitant loss of life, or to conflict and mass killings. Blockchain presents an opportunity for the Internet development community to claim a degree of recognition in the human rights realm by aiding civil intervention in areas where military intervention has been deemed inappropriate.
Fifty shades of SUMO: its role in immunity and at the fulcrum of the growth–defence balance
Authors: Verma Vivek , Croley Fenella , Sadanandom Ari 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThe sessile nature of plants requires them to cope with an ever‐changing environment. Effective adaptive responses require sophisticated cellular mechanisms at the post‐transcriptional and post‐translational levels. Post‐translational modification by small ubiquitin‐like modifier (SUMO) proteins is emerging as a key player in these adaptive responses. SUMO conjugation can rapidly change the overall fate of target proteins by altering their stability or interaction with partner proteins or DNA. SUMOylation entails an enzyme cascade that leads to the activation, conjugation and ligation of SUMO to lysine residues of target proteins. In addition to their SUMO processing activities, SUMO proteases also possess de‐conjugative activity capable of cleaving SUMO from target proteins, providing reversibility and buffering to the pathway. These proteases play critical roles in the maintenance of the SUMO machinery in equilibrium. We hypothesize that SUMO proteases provide the all‐important substrate specificity within the SUMO system. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the role of SUMO in plant innate immunity. SUMOylation also overlaps with multiple growth‐promoting and defence‐related hormone signalling pathways, and hence is pivotal for the maintenance of the growth–defence balance. This review aims to highlight the intricate molecular mechanisms utilized by SUMO to regulate plant defence and to stabilize the growth–defence equilibrium.
Clinical implications of gastrointestinal symptoms in systemic amyloidosis
Authors: Yen T. , Chen F. W. , Witteles R. M. , Liedtke M. , Nguyen L. A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundGastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in systemic amyloidosis patients are poorly characterized. This purpose of this study is to define the epidemiology and clinical implications of such symptoms.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of 583 amyloid patients seen at a tertiary referral center. Of 96 symptomatic patients, 82 received endoscopic biopsies, subsequently grouped into those with histologic evidence of GI amyloid (biopsy proven) vs without (biopsy absent).Key Results16.8% of patients had GI symptoms, and had more abnormal NT‐proBNP, cardiac ejection fraction, serum albumin, and alkaline phosphatase (P < .01). Of those who received endoscopy, the sites of highest diagnostic yield were stomach, duodenum and colon. The most common symptom was abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting (50.0%). Of the symptomatic patients, only 37 (45%) had biopsy proven GI amyloid. Biopsy proven patients more often had cardiac involvement (P < .005), and more often received hematologic therapy or transplant (P = .01). Biopsy absent patients had more frequent neurologic involvement (P = .17). Biopsy status had no significant correlation with other indicators of amyloid burden, GI symptoms or management.Conclusions & InferencesNearly one in six amyloid patients have GI symptoms, and half do not have GI amyloid. The type of symptom does not predict endoscopic findings. Most biopsy absent patients are not managed as a functional disorder despite no alternative etiology. Gastroenterologists may have an increased role to play in the care of systemic amyloidosis beyond performing endoscopies, such as evaluating cardiac amyloid patients for concurrent GI amyloid.
Comparative efficacy of five long‐term weight loss drugs: quantitative information for medication guidelines
Authors: Dong Z. , Xu L. , Liu H. , Lv Y. , Zheng Q. , Li L. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryQuantitative information is scarce in current obesity medication guidelines, and they do not clearly reflect the differences in the efficacy characteristics among various drugs. This study quantitatively assessed the efficacy characteristics of five FDA‐approved long‐term weight loss drugs. Potentially eligible studies were obtained from public databases. Using the differences in the weight change from baseline between the drug group and the corresponding placebo group as the major indicator of efficacy, a time‐effect model was established, and crucial pharmacodynamic parameters, such as the maximal efficacy, drug onset time and rate of body weight regain after the maximal efficacy point, were used to reflect the differences in efficacy among the five drugs. Finally, 50 reports (involving 43,443 participants) were included. After deducting the placebo effects, the maximal efficacies (95% CI) of orlistat (120 mg), lorcaserin, naltrexone–bupropion, phentermine–topiramate (PT, 7.5/46 mg) and liraglutide were −2.94 (−5.82, −1.27), −3.06 (−4.39, −1.71), −6.15 (−9.78, −3.25), −7.45 (−9.76, −3.88) and −5.50 (−10.62, −2.97) kg at weeks 60, 54, 67, 59 and 65 respectively, and their rates of body weight regain were 0.51, 0.48, 0.91, 1.27and 0.43 kg per year respectively. The 1‐year dropout rates of orlistat, lorcaserin, naltrexone‐bupropion, PT and liraglutide were 29.0, 40.9, 49.1, 34.9 and 24.3% respectively. In addition, a significant dose–effect correlation was observed for orlistat and PT. This study provides valid quantitative information for medication guidelines.
Recent developments in genome editing and applications in plant breeding
Authors: Jung Christian , Capistrano‐Gossmann Gina , Braatz Janina , Sashidhar Niharika , Melzer Siegbert 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIncreasing genetic variation beyond natural variation is an important aim in plant breeding. In the past 70 years, random mutagenesis by irradiation or by chemicals has created numerous mutants which have been frequently used in breeding. However, their application is hampered by the mutational load due to many background mutations. In the past 10 years, new techniques for site‐directed mutagenesis have been introduced to plant breeding which are commonly referred to as “genome editing.” Among these, the CRISPR/Cas9 system turned out to be the most efficient and easy to apply. DNA is cleaved by a nuclease precisely at a target site where a mutation is likely to be beneficial. The DNA is healed by the cellular repair system either by error‐prone non‐homologous end joining or by homologous recombination, by which small DNA fragments can be inserted at the target site. In this review, we describe the application of targeted mutagenesis to crop plants and the modification of agronomically important traits, which could have direct impacts on plant breeding.
Proteinuria in pediatric renal transplant recipients
Authors: Yılmaz Songül , Özçakar Z. Birsin , Taktak Aysel , Kurt‐Şükür Eda Didem , Çakar Nilgün , Yalçınkaya Fatoş 
Published: October 2017

AbstractProteinuria has been shown to be an important and potentially treatable risk factor for graft loss. The aim of this study was to evaluate prevalence, etiology, and outcome of proteinuria during the follow‐up of children with renal transplantation. We retrospectively reviewed the files of renal transplanted children between 2006 and 2016 in our center. All patients were interpreted with respect to the demographic data and clinical and laboratory features including information about proteinuria. Chi‐square test and Mann‐Whitney U test were used for analysis. Fifty‐two children were eligible for the study. Proteinuria was observed in 34 (65%) and nephrotic range proteinuria was detected in 5 (9.6%) patients. Etiology of proteinuria could be identified in 21 patients. Acute rejection and uncontrolled hypertension were the most frequent causes of proteinuria. Proteinuria had resolved during the follow‐up in 59% of the patients. We found that children with and without proteinuria had similar glomerular filtration rate at the end of 50 months of follow‐up period. Proteinuria seems to be a common complication in renal transplant recipients. Graft functions can be preserved by immediate evaluation of increasing proteinuria, and by fixing treatable causes rapidly and efficiently during the follow‐up in majority of the patients.
Trust in Numbers
Authors: Spiegelhalter David 
Published: October 2017

Summary
Those who value quantitative and scientific evidence are faced with claims both of a reproducibility crisis in scientific publication and of a post-truth society abounding in fake news and alternative facts. Both issues are of vital importance to statisticians, and both are deeply concerned with trust in expertise. By considering the ‘pipelines’ through which scientific and political evidence is propagated, I consider possible ways of improving both the trustworthiness of the statistical evidence being communicated, and the ability of audiences to assess the quality and reliability of what they are being told.
Ethical considerations when conducting joint interviews with close relatives or family: an integrative review
Authors: Voltelen Barbara , Konradsen Hanne , Østergaard Birte 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundResearchers are obligated to do no harm to participants of research. Conflicts in relationships can cause negative well‐being; therefore, insight is needed into the particular ethical considerations that arise when conducting joint interviews with close relatives or family members simultaneously in the healthcare setting.AimTo collect and share knowledge related to ethical considerations conducting joint interviews.Design and methodsA literature review inspired by the integrative review method was performed. Data were retrieved through a structured search in PubMed, CINAHL and the Philosopher's Index and Academic Search Premier for articles published in English from 1980 to 2016 and included 18 articles, of a possible 2153. Article content was assessed line‐by‐line, and ethical considerations were extracted and organized in three subgroups regarding: Planning joint interviews; Conduction joint interviews and Reporting on joint interviews Findings: Participants should be offered the best terms for a constructive, on‐going relationship after the joint interview has ended. This obligates the researcher to ensure a safe environment during the joint interview and create a delicate balance between the needs of the participants, using nonconfrontational techniques that foster equal and neutral but dedicated attention to all parties, before, during and after the joint interviews.ConclusionSpecific ethical considerations should be taken into account before, during and after joint interviewing. Further research is needed before a final conclusion can be drawn.
Healthcare professionals’ work engagement in Finnish university hospitals
Authors: Lepistö Sari , Alanen Seija , Aalto Pirjo , Järvinen Päivi , Leino Kaija , Mattila Elina , Kaunonen Marja 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundConcerns about the sufficiency and dedication of the healthcare workforce have arisen as the baby boomer generation is retiring and the generation Y might have different working environment demands.Aims and objectiveTo describe the association between work engagement of healthcare professionals’ and its background factors at five Finnish university hospitals.MethodsSurvey data were collected from nurses, physicians and administrative staff (n = 561) at all five university hospitals in Finland. Data were collected using an electronic questionnaire that comprised the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (9 items) and 13 questions regarding the respondents’ backgrounds. Descriptive and correlational analyses were used to examine the data.ResultsMost respondents were female (85%) and nursing staff (72%). Baby boomers (49%) were the largest generational cohort. The work engagement composite mean for the total sample was 5.0, indicating high work engagement. Significant differences in work engagement existed only among sex and age groups. The highest work engagement scores were among administrative staff.ConclusionsWork engagement among healthcare professionals in Finnish university hospitals is high. High work engagement might be explained by suitable job resources and challenges, as well as opportunities provided by a frontline care environment. Attention should especially be paid to meeting the needs of young people entering the workforce to strengthen their dedication and absorption.