bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prostatic Abscess in a Patient with Chronic Granulomatous Disease: A Multi-Disciplinary Intervention
Authors: Martini Alberto , Katafigiotis Ioannis , Kalantzi Sofia , Anastasiou Ioannis , Adamakis Ioannis , Toskas Aggelos , Constantinides Constantinos A. 
Published: February 2017

Introduction Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare pathology that increases patients’ susceptibility to infections, given the inability to generate oxygen radicals to fight microorganisms. In the context of CGD, primary prostatic involvement has been described only once in the past, in a pediatric patient. Case Report We report the case of a 35-year old patient with CGD presenting with persistent fever. After hospital admission, blood and urine were sent for culture and antibiotic therapy was initiated. Patient's conditions continued to deteriorate and an aggressive antibiotic therapy was administered to treat the septic scenario. Urine culture grew a multidrug-resistant Escherichia Coli. After patient's condition improved, a CT scan was performed. The depiction showed multiple abscesses within the prostate. A rectal approach was excluded given patient's underlying disease. A TURP was performed and prostatic pathology resolved. Patient was discharged on postoperative day 14. At 6-month follow-up he hasn't experienced major infections. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of septic shock originating from a prostatic abscess in an adult patient with CGD. Conclusions Aggressive medical therapy along with TURP resulted curative in our case. A multi-disciplinary approach was mandatory.
Les pratiques professionnelles genrées : le cas des journalistes québécoises correspondantes à l’étranger
Authors: Gobeil Anne-Sophie 
Published: February 2017

L’auteure examine les pratiques professionnelles genrées des journalistes québécoises correspondantes à l’étranger. Dans une démarche constructiviste alliant théorie du point de vue et analyse de discours, elle considère les rapports sociaux de sexe dans l’expérience des correspondantes. Au pays, affectations et attentes genrées, harcèlement sexuel, système « à deux poids, deux mesures » et valorisation de comportements « masculins » les désavantagent. Plus sympathiques et moins menaçantes, à l’étranger, elles accèdent à davantage de sources, mais elles sont aux prises avec le harcèlement sexuel. Malgré un malaise à l’idée d’un journalisme « féminin », leur vision du métier semble porter humanité, équité et complexité.
Observations of flooding and snow‐ice formation in a thinner Arctic sea‐ice regime during the N‐ICE2015 campaign: Influence of basal ice melt and storms
Authors: Provost Christine , Sennéchael Nathalie , Miguet Jonas , Itkin Polona , Rösel Anja , Koenig Zoé , Villacieros‐Robineau Nicolas , Granskog Mats A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSeven ice mass balance instruments deployed near 83°N on different first‐year and second‐year ice floes, representing variable snow and ice conditions, documented the evolution of snow and ice conditions in the Arctic Ocean north of Svalbard in January–March 2015. Frequent profiles of temperature and thermal diffusivity proxy were recorded to distinguish changes in snow depth and ice thickness with 2 cm vertical resolution. Four instruments documented flooding and snow‐ice formation. Flooding was clearly detectable in the simultaneous changes in thermal diffusivity proxy, increased temperature, and heat propagation through the underlying ice. Slush then progressively transformed into snow‐ice. Flooding resulted from two different processes: (i) after storm‐induced breakup of snow‐loaded floes and (ii) after loss of buoyancy due to basal ice melt. In the case of breakup, when the ice was cold and not permeable, rapid flooding, probably due to lateral intrusion of seawater, led to slush and snow‐ice layers at the ocean freezing temperature (−1.88°C). After the storm, the instruments documented basal sea‐ice melt over warm Atlantic waters and ocean‐to‐ice heat flux peaked at up to 400 W m−2. The warm ice was then permeable and flooding was more gradual probably involving vertical intrusion of brines and led to colder slush and snow‐ice (−3°C). The N‐ICE2015 campaign provided the first documentation of significant flooding and snow‐ice formation in the Arctic ice pack as the slush partially refroze. Snow‐ice formation may become a more frequently observed process in a thinner ice Arctic.
Estimating surface water mixing ratios using salinity and potential alkalinity in the Kuroshio‐Oyashio mixed water regions
Authors: Kakehi Shigeho , Ito Shin‐ichi , Wagawa Taku 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe used salinity and potential alkalinity data from hydrographic observations to investigate surface mixing ratios in the Kuroshio‐Oyashio mixed water region in the western North Pacific. In addition to mixing between the Kuroshio Extension (KE) and Oyashio, we assessed freshwater input/removal. A mixing scenario with three end‐members was assumed in the surface layer ≤100 m. The results indicate that water masses near the sea surface in the Kuroshio‐Oyashio mixed water region were mainly the result of mixing between the KE and Oyashio. The freshwater contribution was approximately 2.2% at depth 10 m. The volume of freshwater estimated from this percentage was consistent with surface water budgets estimated from reanalysis precipitation and evaporation data. The estimated mixing ratio of the KE (rk) along the quasi‐stationary jet in the western North Pacific, which splits from the KE and flows northeastward toward the subarctic region, decreased downstream from 95% to 27% in only 42 days, suggesting that water properties were changed rapidly by mixing. Correlation between rk around the quasi‐stationary jet and nutrients concentration was significantly negative in the layer where photosynthesis was negligible, indicating that the mixing between the KE and Oyashio is an important determinant of the horizontal distribution of nutrients in this area.
Variability and change of sea level and its components in the Indo‐Pacific region during the altimetry era
Authors: Wu Quran , Zhang Xuebin , Church John A. , Hu Jianyu 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that regional sea level exhibits interannual and decadal variations associated with the modes of climate variability. A better understanding of those low‐frequency sea level variations benefits the detection and attribution of climate change signals. Nonetheless, the contributions of thermosteric, halosteric, and mass sea level components to sea level variability and trend patterns remain unclear. By focusing on signals associated with dominant climate modes in the Indo‐Pacific region, we estimate the interannual and decadal fingerprints and trend of each sea level component utilizing a multivariate linear regression of two adjoint‐based ocean reanalyses. Sea level interannual, decadal, and trend patterns primarily come from thermosteric sea level (TSSL). Halosteric sea level (HSSL) is of regional importance in the Pacific Ocean on decadal time scale and dominates sea level trends in the northeast subtropical Pacific. The compensation between TSSL and HSSL is identified in their decadal variability and trends. The interannual and decadal variability of temperature generally peak at subsurface around 100 m but that of salinity tend to be surface‐intensified. Decadal temperature and salinity signals extend deeper into the ocean in some regions than their interannual equivalents. Mass sea level (MassSL) is critical for the interannual and decadal variability of sea level over shelf seas. Inconsistencies exist in MassSL trend patterns among various estimates. This study highlights regions where multiple processes work together to control sea level variability and change. Further work is required to better understand the interaction of different processes in those regions.
Aerosol optical properties measurements by a CAPS single scattering albedo monitor: Comparisons between summer and winter in Beijing, China
Authors: Han Tingting , Xu Weiqi , Li Jie , Freedman Andrew , Zhao Jian , Wang Qingqing , Chen Chen , Zhang Yingjie , Wang Zifa , Fu Pingqing , Liu Xingang , Sun Yele 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAerosol optical properties were measured in Beijing in summer and winter using a state‐of‐the‐art cavity attenuated phase shift single scattering albedo monitor (CAPS PMssa) along with aerosol composition measurements by aerosol mass spectrometers and aethalometers. The SSA directly measured by the CAPS PMssa showed overall agreements with those derived from colocated measurements. However, substantial differences were observed during periods with low SSA values in both summer and winter, suggesting that interpretation of low SSA values needs to be cautious. The average (±σ) extinction coefficient (bext) and absorption coefficient (bap) were 336 (±343) Mm−1 and 44 (±41) Mm−1, respectively, during wintertime, which were approximately twice those observed in summer, while the average SSA was relatively similar, 0.86 (±0.06) and 0.85 (±0.04) in summer and winter, respectively. Further analysis showed that the variations in SSA can be approximately parameterized as a function of mass fraction of secondary particulate matter (fSPM), which is SSA = 0.74 + 0.19 × fSPM (fSPM > 0.3, r2 = 0.85). The contributions of aerosol species to extinction coefficients during the two seasons were also estimated. Our results showed that the light extinction was dominantly contributed by ammonium sulfate (30%) and secondary organic aerosol (22%) in summer, while organic aerosol was the largest contributor (51%) in winter. Consistently, SPM played the major role in visibility degradation in both seasons by contributing 70% of the total extinction.
Aerosol and cloud microphysics covariability in the northeast Pacific boundary layer estimated with ship‐based and satellite remote sensing observations
Authors: Painemal David , Chiu J.‐Y. Christine , Minnis Patrick , Yost Christopher , Zhou Xiaoli , Cadeddu Maria , Eloranta Edwin , Lewis Ernie R. , Ferrare Richard , Kollias Pavlos 
Published: February 2017

AbstractShip measurements collected over the northeast Pacific along transects between the port of Los Angeles (33.7°N, 118.2°W) and Honolulu (21.3°N, 157.8°W) during May to August 2013 were utilized to investigate the covariability between marine low cloud microphysical and aerosol properties. Ship‐based retrievals of cloud optical depth (τ) from a Sun photometer and liquid water path (LWP) from a microwave radiometer were combined to derive cloud droplet number concentration Nd and compute a cloud‐aerosol interaction (ACI) metric defined as ACICCN = ∂ ln(Nd)/∂ ln(CCN), with CCN denoting the cloud condensation nuclei concentration measured at 0.4% (CCN0.4) and 0.3% (CCN0.3) supersaturation. Analysis of CCN0.4, accumulation mode aerosol concentration (Na), and extinction coefficient (σext) indicates that Na and σext can be used as CCN0.4 proxies for estimating ACI. ACICCN derived from 10 min averaged Nd and CCN0.4 and CCN0.3, and CCN0.4 regressions using Na and σext, produce high ACICCN: near 1.0, that is, a fractional change in aerosols is associated with an equivalent fractional change in Nd. ACICCN computed in deep boundary layers was small (ACICCN = 0.60), indicating that surface aerosol measurements inadequately represent the aerosol variability below clouds. Satellite cloud retrievals from MODerate‐resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and GOES‐15 data were compared against ship‐based retrievals and further analyzed to compute a satellite‐based ACICCN. Satellite data correlated well with their ship‐based counterparts with linear correlation coefficients equal to or greater than 0.78. Combined satellite Nd and ship‐based CCN0.4 and Na yielded a maximum ACICCN = 0.88–0.92, a value slightly less than the ship‐based ACICCN, but still consistent with aircraft‐based studies in the eastern Pacific.
Wet atmospheric deposition of organic carbon: An underreported source of carbon to watersheds in the northeastern United States
Authors: Iavorivska Lidiia , Boyer Elizabeth W. , Grimm Jeffrey W. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe measured wet atmospheric deposition of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) over 6 years at a network of 12 monitoring sites across Pennsylvania, quantified rates of wet DOC deposition, and developed the first statewide estimates of inputs of DOC to watersheds via wet deposition. Average annual volume‐weighted concentration of DOC was 0.71 mg C L−1. Annual wet deposition fluxes of DOC varied between sites and years, ranging from 3 to 13 kg C ha−1 yr−1, with an average value of 8 kg C ha−1 yr−1 across all sites and years and are of the same order of magnitude as literature values for riverine organic carbon fluxes in the northeastern United States. The rates of wet DOC deposition showed a pronounced seasonality and spatial distribution, with highest deposition rates observed in the summer, especially at the sites located in western Pennsylvania. Significant links between DOC and inorganic constituents in precipitation, such as sulfate and inorganic nitrogen forms, point to the similarity of sources and atmospheric processing and suggest that DOC may potentially affect their atmospheric transport and ecological fate. Observational data resulting from this study underscore the potential significance of atmospheric deposition as an external input of reactive carbon species to watersheds and may be useful for constraining atmospheric carbon models and evaluating atmospheric influences on ecosystems.
Physical controls on half‐hourly, daily, and monthly turbulent flux and energy budget over a high‐altitude small lake on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Binbin , Ma Yaoming , Ma Weiqiang , Su Zhongbo 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPrecise measurements of evaporation and understanding of the physical controls on turbulent heat flux over lakes have fundamental significance for catchment‐scale water balance analysis and local‐scale climate modeling. The observation and simulation of lake‐air turbulent flux processes have been widely carried out, but studies that examine high‐altitude lakes on the Tibetan Plateau are still rare, especially for small lakes. An eddy covariance (EC) system, together with a four‐component radiation sensor and instruments for measuring water temperature profiles, was set up in a small lake within the Nam Co basin in April 2012 for long‐term evaporation and energy budget observations. With the valuable measurements collected during the ice‐free periods in 2012 and 2013, the main conclusions are summarized as follows: First, a bulk aerodynamic transfer model (B model), with parameters optimized for the specific wave pattern in the small lake, could provide reliable and consistent results with EC measurements, and B model simulations are suitable for data interpolation due to inadequate footprint or malfunction of the EC instrument. Second, the total evaporation in this small lake (812 mm) is approximately 200 mm larger than that from adjacent Nam Co (approximately 627 mm) during their ice‐free seasons. Third, wind speed shows significance at temporal scales of half hourly, whereas water vapor and temperature gradients have higher correlations over temporal scales of daily and monthly in lake‐air turbulent heat exchange. Finally, energy stored during April to June is mainly released during September to November, suggesting an energy balance closure value of 0.97.
Can climate‐effective land management reduce regional warming?
Authors: Hirsch A. L. , Wilhelm M. , Davin E. L. , Thiery W. , Seneviratne S. I. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractLimiting global warming to well below 2°C is an imminent challenge for humanity. However, even if this global target can be met, some regions are still likely to experience substantial warming relative to others. Using idealized global climate simulations, we examine the potential of land management options in affecting regional climate, with a focus on crop albedo enhancement and irrigation (climate‐effective land management). The implementation is performed over all crop regions globally to provide an upper bound. We find that the implementation of both crop albedo enhancement and irrigation can reduce hot temperature extremes by more than 2°C in North America, Eurasia, and India over the 21st century relative to a scenario without management application. The efficacy of crop albedo enhancement scales with the magnitude, where a cooling response exceeding 0.5°C for hot temperature extremes was achieved with a large (i.e., ≥0.08) change in crop albedo. Regional differences were attributed to the surface energy balance response with temperature changes mostly explained by latent heat flux changes for irrigation and net shortwave radiation changes for crop albedo enhancement. However, limitations do exist, where we identify warming over the winter months when climate‐effective land management is temporarily suspended. This was associated with persistent cloud cover that enhances longwave warming. It cannot be confirmed if the magnitude of this feedback is reproducible in other climate models. Our results overall demonstrate that regional warming of hot extremes in our climate model can be partially mitigated when using an idealized treatment of climate‐effective land management.
Improved meteorology and ozone air quality simulations using MODIS land surface parameters in the Yangtze River Delta urban cluster, China
Authors: Li Mengmeng , Wang Tijian , Xie Min , Zhuang Bingliang , Li Shu , Han Yong , Song Yu , Cheng Nianliang 
Published: February 2017

AbstractLand surface parameters play an important role in the land‐atmosphere coupling and thus are critical to the weather and dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere. This work aims at improving the meteorology and air quality simulations for a high‐ozone (O3) event in the Yangtze River Delta urban cluster of China, through incorporation of satellite‐derived land surface parameters. Using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) input to specify the land cover type, green vegetation fraction, leaf area index, albedo, emissivity, and deep soil temperature provides a more realistic representation of surface characteristics. Preliminary evaluations reveal clearly improved meteorological simulation with MODIS input compared with that using default parameters, particularly for temperature (from −2.5 to −1.7°C for mean bias) and humidity (from 9.7% to 4.3% for mean bias). The improved meteorology propagates through the air quality system, which results in better estimates for surface NO2 (from 11.5 to 8.0 ppb for mean bias) and nocturnal O3 low‐end concentration values (from −18.8 to −13.6 ppb for mean bias). Modifications of the urban land surface parameters are the main reason for model improvement. The deeper urban boundary layer and intense updraft induced by the urban heat island are favorable for pollutant dilution, thus contributing to lower NO2 and elevated nocturnal O3. Furthermore, the intensified sea‐land breeze circulation may exacerbate O3 pollution at coastal cities through pollutant recirculation. Improvement of mesoscale meteorology and air quality simulations with satellite‐derived land surface parameters will be useful for air pollution monitoring and forecasting in urban areas.
A Landau‐Lifshitz‐Gilbert‐Type equation and torsion effects on the dynamics of magnetization
Authors: Ferreira Cristine N. , Godinho Cresus F. L. , Neto J. A. Helayël 
Published: February 2017

Based on the non‐relativistic regime of electrons described by a Dirac equation coupled to a torsion pseudo‐vector, we study the dynamics of magnetization and how it may be affected by the presence of this (background) torsion field. The latter describes some anisotropy of the bulk and it may be accounted for in two ways: by means of a minimal coupling in a covariant derivative endowed with spin connection and a gauge magnetic field; in addition, through a non‐minimal interaction term with the spin density. We show, within this framework, that it is possible to attain a version of the Landau‐Lifshitz equation in presence of the torsion background where its effects are included, re‐enforcing that torsion corresponds to a geometric anisotropy with relevant unfolds on the spin coupling mechanism. We also conclude that the torsion terms can open up two important landscapes in the magnetization dynamics: one of them, related with a damping effect; the other, related with the screw dislocation that gives us a global effect like a sharped‐helix damping. The whole effort here is then to pursue an investigation of torsion in connection with the precession dynamics of the magnetization.
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Absence of many‐body localization in a continuum
Authors: Gornyi I. V. , Mirlin A. D. , Müller M. , Polyakov D. G. 
Published: February 2017

We consider an extended electronic system with localized single‐particle states coupled by short‐range interactions, in the absence of coupling to an external bath. We show that many‐body localization, which exists in tight‐binding models, is unstable in a continuum. Irrespective of the dimensionality of the system, many‐body localization does not survive the unbounded growth of the single‐particle localization length with increasing energy that is characteristic of the continuum limit. The system remains delocalized down to arbitrarily small temperature T, although its dynamics slows down as T decreases. Remarkably, the conductivity vanishes with decreasing T faster than in the Arrhenius law. The system can be characterized by an effective T‐dependent single‐particle mobility edge which diverges in the limit of . Delocalization is driven by interactions between hot electrons above the mobility edge and the “bath” of thermal electrons in the vicinity of the Fermi level.
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Reversible Stereoselective Folding/Unfolding Fueled by the Interplay of Photoisomerism and Hydrogen Bonding
Authors: Opie Christopher R. , Kumagai Naoya , Shibasaki Masakatsu 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA linear molecular architecture equipped with complementary three‐fold hydrogen‐bonding units embedded with a photoswitchable trans‐tetrafluoroazobenzene moiety was synthesized. The transto cis photoisomerism of the azobenzene unit induced drastic changes in the molecular architecture as a result of intramolecular hydrogen bonding as evidenced by NMR spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography. A minute stereogenic element in the linear trans state enabled stereoselective folding into the cis state, thus producing a globular architecture with enhanced chiroptical property.
Unerwartete Ge‐Ge‐Kontakte in der zweidimensionalen Phase Ge4Se3Te und Analyse ihres chemischen Ursprungs mittels Energiedichte(DOE)‐Funktion
Authors: Küpers Michael , Konze Philipp M. , Maintz Stefan , Steinberg Simon , Mio Antonio M. , Cojocaru‐Mirédin Oana , Zhu Min , Müller Merlin , Luysberg Martina , Mayer Joachim , Wuttig Matthias , Dronskowski Richard 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIm ternären System Ge‐Se‐Te ist seit den 1960er Jahren eine hexagonale Phase mit der annähernden Zusammensetzung GeSe0.75Te0.25 bekannt, aber ihre Struktur blieb ungeklärt. Durch chemischen Transport gelang nun die Zucht von Einkristallen zur Bestimmung der Ge4Se3Te‐Struktur. Diese besteht aus Schichten, die – wie elektronenmikroskopische Analysen erhärten – über van‐der‐Waals‐artige schwache Chalkogen‐Chalkogen‐, aber auch über unerwartete Ge‐Ge‐Wechselwirkungen verbunden sind. Die Art der elektronischen Struktur von Ge4Se3Te wurde durch Analyse der chemischen Bindungen bestimmt, speziell mithilfe der neu eingeführten Energiedichte(DOE)‐Funktion. Die bindenden Ge‐Ge‐Wechselwirkungen dienen der Aufnahme von Elektronen, die ansonsten antibindende Ge‐Te‐Zustände einnähmen.