bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The economies (and diseconomies) of distributed technologies
Authors: Barile Sergio , Simone Cristina , Calabrese Mario 
Published: April 2017

PurposeThis paper aims to focus on distributed technologies with the aim of highlighting their economic-organizational dimensions. In particular, the contribution first presents a deeper understanding of the nature and the dynamics of the economies and diseconomies that arise from the adoption and diffusion of distributed technologies. Second, it aims to shed light on the increasing tension between the hierarchy-based model of production and peer-to-peer (p2p) production, which involves the pervasive diffusion of distributed technologies.Design/methodology/approachAdopting an economic-organizational perspective, which is deeply rooted in the related extant literature, an analytically consistent model is developed to simultaneously take into account the following variables: adoption density independent variable) and economies of knowledge integration and organizational diseconomies (the costs of a loss of control and the costs of organizational decoupling and recoupling) as dependent variables.FindingsDistributed technologies allow access to a large quantity and a wide variety of cognitive slacks that have not been possible until now. In doing so, they are leading the transition towards p2p. This is an emerging production paradigm that is characterized – with respect to mass production – by a shift in the relative importance of cognitive slack in comparison with tangible slack. Nevertheless, the unrestrainable diffusion of distributed technologies is not neutral for organizations. On the one hand, these technologies allow for the integration of economies of knowledge, and on the other hand, they involve organizational diseconomies that should not be ignored by managers and researchers.Originality/valueThis paper fills a gap in the literature by developing a consistent analytical framework that simultaneously takes into account the economies of knowledge integration and potential organizational diseconomies (the costs of coordination and the loss of control) that arise from the adoption and diffusion of distributed technologies.
Evolution of internal quality assurance at one university – a case study
Authors: O’Sullivan David 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
Quality assurance (QA) at one University has evolved over the past 15 years through emerging National and European standards, various leadership initiatives and through the engagement of key stakeholders in co-designing and implementing internal QA processes. In 2000, the QA process was focussed mainly on quality review (QR) that involved extensive reporting of information. It was characterised by stakeholders as a largely reactive culture, treated with scepticism by faculty staff and that struggled to convince both management and faculty that QA provided value. In 2016, QR is now leaner, more evidence based and focussed around creativity and enhancement. In addition to QR, additional QA processes now incorporate a variety of activities including benchmarking, structured policies and procedures and research assessment. QA is also part of a tripartite approach that links quality, strategy and performance together, with quality focusing on assuring an appropriate standard of excellence, strategy guiding faculty towards a vision of the future and performance providing evidence of quality enhancement and strategy execution. The paper provides a case study of the transformation of QA at the University.

Design/methodology/approach
The research uses a case study approach. It documents a methodology used to engage a wide number of stakeholders in a self-evaluation process and the results of that process, i.e. enhancements to the internal review process and various policies and procedures.

Findings
There are early indications that the University’s internal QA has migrated towards a more responsive culture and is increasingly endorsed by the various internal and external stakeholder groups.

Research limitations/implications
This paper presents the evolution of QA and potential lessons for the wider Higher Education Institutions (HEI’s) sector.

Originality/value
This paper provides a case study of changes to QA processes at one university that has risen significantly in various university rankings since. Some evidence is provided to show that quality initiatives have contributed to overall performance.
Subtle convergence?
Authors: Suominen Olli , Kallo Johanna , Rinne Risto , Fan Yihong 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
Different aspects of the globalisation of Chinese basic education have been examined in recent studies. This paper aims to contribute to this research base by examining the relationship between global quality assurance and evaluation (QAEVAL) trends and reforms in the Chinese basic education system.

Design/methodology/approach
Relevant research literature in English and Chinese was reviewed to assesses whether a movement of increasing convergence with global QAEVAL policy contents and policy instruments has taken place in China following the introduction of the so-called “equality education”. A guiding theory regarding the basic features of QAEVAL was used to conceptually structure the findings of the authors.

Findings
The findings indicate that several subtle convergences are evident in China with global trends in QAEVAL, but a few notable exceptions are also evident.

Research limitations/implications
Albeit the research indicates certain convergence, the authors acknowledge that further research is still needed to examine causal mechanisms of QAEVAL policy convergences and the processes and logic through which global trends are localised.

Originality/value
Both the importance of QAEVAL in global education governance as well as China’s importance to world affairs are increasing. However, so far, the effects of QAEVAL policies on China’s education system have not been thoroughly examined. This paper can serve as a concise starting point for examining the topic more deeply.
Safari Science: assessing the reliability of citizen science data for wildlife surveys
Authors: Steger Cara , Butt Bilal , Hooten Mevin B. 
Published: April 2017

Summary

Protected areas are the cornerstone of global conservation, yet financial support for basic monitoring infrastructure is lacking in 60% of them. Citizen science holds potential to address these shortcomings in wildlife monitoring, particularly for resource‐limited conservation initiatives in developing countries – if we can account for the reliability of data produced by volunteer citizen scientists (VCS).

This study tests the reliability of VCS data vs. data produced by trained ecologists, presenting a hierarchical framework for integrating diverse datasets to assess extra variability from VCS data.

Our results show that while VCS data are likely to be overdispersed for our system, the overdispersion varies widely by species. We contend that citizen science methods, within the context of East African drylands, may be more appropriate for species with large body sizes, which are relatively rare, or those that form small herds. VCS perceptions of the charisma of a species may also influence their enthusiasm for recording it.

Tailored programme design (such as incentives for VCS) may mitigate the biases in citizen science data and improve overall participation. However, the cost of designing and implementing high‐quality citizen science programmes may be prohibitive for the small protected areas that would most benefit from these approaches.

Synthesis and applications. As citizen science methods continue to gain momentum, it is critical that managers remain cautious in their implementation of these programmes while working to ensure methods match data purpose. Context‐specific tests of citizen science data quality can improve programme implementation, and separate data models should be used when volunteer citizen scientists' variability differs from trained ecologists' data. Partnerships across protected areas and between protected areas and other conservation institutions could help to cover the costs of citizen science programme design and implementation.
Proscribing National Action: Considering the Impact of Banning the British Far‐Right Group
Authors: Allen Chris 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn December 2016, the British Government banned National Action for being an extremist organisation. It was the first time in British history that membership of a far‐right group was outlawed. While so, little is known about the group. This article responds to this lack of knowledge by setting out the origins of National Action and its leaders, its preference for a traditionalist Nazi ideology, and its penchant for stunts and demonstrations to gain media attention and publicity. The article concludes by considering whether proscription was rather more symbolic than serious.
A growth‐ and bioluminescence‐based bioreporter for the in vivo detection of novel biocatalysts
Authors: van Rossum Teunke , Muras Aleksandra , Baur Marco J.J. , Creutzburg Sjoerd C.A. , van der Oost John , Kengen Servé W.M. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThe use of bioreporters in high‐throughput screening for small molecules is generally laborious and/or expensive. The technology can be simplified by coupling the generation of a desired compound to cell survival, causing only positive cells to stay in the pool of generated variants. Here, a dual selection/screening system was developed for the in vivo detection of novel biocatalysts. The sensor part of the system is based on the transcriptional regulator AraC, which controls expression of both a selection reporter (LeuB or KmR; enabling growth) for rapid reduction of the initially large library size and a screening reporter (LuxCDABE; causing bioluminescence) for further quantification of the positive variants. Of four developed systems, the best system was the medium copy system with KmR as selection reporter. As a proof of principle, the system was tested for the selection of cells expressing an l‐arabinose isomerase derived from mesophilic Escherichia coli or thermophilic Geobacillus thermodenitrificans. A more than a millionfold enrichment of cells with l‐arabinose isomerase activity was demonstrated by selection and exclusion of false positives by screening. This dual selection/screening system is an important step towards an improved detection method for small molecules, and thereby for finding novel biocatalysts.
Fracturing and fluid‐flow during post‐rift subsidence in carbonates of the Jandaíra Formation, Potiguar Basin, NE Brazil
Authors: Bertotti Giovanni , de Graaf Stefan , Bisdom Kevin , Oskam Brigit , B. Vonhof Hubert , H. R. Bezerra Francisco , J. G. Reijmer John , L. Cazarin Caroline 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPervasive fracture networks are common in many reservoir‐scale carbonate bodies even in the absence of large deformation and exert a major impact on their mechanical and flow behaviour. The Upper Cretaceous Jandaíra Formation is a few hundred meters thick succession of shallow water carbonates deposited during the early post‐rift stage of the Potiguar rift (NE Brazil). The Jandaíra Formation in the present onshore domain experienced <1.5 km thermal subsidence and, following Tertiary exhumation, forms outcrops over an area of >1000 km2. The carbonates have a gentle, <5⁰, dip to the NE and are affected by few regional, low displacement faults or folds. Despite their simple tectonic history, carbonates display ubiquitous open fractures, sub‐vertical veins, and sub‐vertical as well as sub‐horizontal stylolites. Combining structural analysis, drone imaging, isotope studies and mathematical modelling, we reconstruct the fracturing history of the Jandaíra Formation during and following subsidence and analyse the impact fractures had on coeval fluid flow. We find that Jandaíra carbonates, fully cemented after early diagenesis, experienced negligible deformation during the first few hundreds of meters of subsidence but were pervasively fractured when they reached depths >400–500 m. Deformation was accommodated by a dense network of sub‐vertical mode I and hybrid fractures associated with sub‐vertical stylolites developed in a stress field characterised by a sub‐horizontal σ1 and sub‐vertical σ2. The development of a network of hybrid fractures, rarely reported in the literature, activated the circulation of waters charged in the mountainous region, flowing along the porous Açu sandstone underlying the Jandaíra carbonates and rising to the surface through the fractured carbonates. With persisting subsidence, carbonates reached depths of 800–900 m entering a depth interval characterised by a sub‐vertical σ1. At this stage, sub‐horizontal stylolites developed liberating calcite which sealed the sub‐vertical open fractures transforming them in veins and preventing further flow. During Tertiary exhumation, several of the pre‐existing veins and stylolites opened and became longer, and new fractures were created typically with the same directions of the older features. The simplicity of our model suggests that most rocks in passive margin settings might have followed a similar evolution and thus display similar structures.
City of the High Dam: Aswan and the Promise of Postcolonialism in Egypt
Authors: REYNOLDS NANCY Y. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAswan city grew rapidly in the 1950s and 1960s due to the building of the High Dam nearby. The “promising future” of the city involved an array of projects to reconstruct the built environment and modify socio‐spatial practices of exclusion that had formed in the colonial period. This article examines several new building projects of the 1960s, such as housing settlements, new riverfront thoroughfares, and transportation systems, as well as imaginaries of city living, expressed in fictional and journalistic writing and film, to excavate a history of the city. The emphasis on debris and cleanliness in these narratives demonstrates that small‐scale and local ruin‐making practices of residents modified the easy language of promise employed by the postcolonial state. This history reveals the insufficiency of the binary of coercion and consent most often used to explain relations of power and affect in postcolonial states. Provincial cities remain marginalized in Middle Eastern urban studies, and yet the intimate scale of heterogeneity of provincial cities can reveal stark urban geographies of difference. [postcolonialism, dam, urban, ruin, housing, Egypt]
The retrosplenial cortex and object recency memory in the rat
Authors: Powell Anna L. , Vann Seralynne D. , Olarte‐Sánchez Cristian M. , Kinnavane Lisa , Davies Moira , Amin Eman , Aggleton John P. , Nelson Andrew J. D. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIt has been proposed that the retrosplenial cortex forms part of a ‘where/when’ information network. The present study focussed on the related issue of whether retrosplenial cortex also contributes to ‘what/when’ information, by examining object recency memory. In Experiment 1, rats with retrosplenial lesions were found to be impaired at distinguishing the temporal order of objects presented in a continuous series (‘Within‐Block’ condition). The same lesioned rats could, however, distinguish between objects that had been previously presented in one of two discrete blocks (‘Between‐Block’ condition). Experiment 2 used intact rats to map the expression of the immediate‐early gene c‐fos in retrosplenial cortex following performance of a between‐block, recency discrimination. Recency performance correlated positively with levels of c‐fos expression in both granular and dysgranular retrosplenial cortex (areas 29 and 30). Expression of c‐fos in the granular retrosplenial cortex also correlated with prelimbic cortex and ventral subiculum c‐fos activity, the latter also correlating with recency memory performance. The combined findings from both experiments reveal an involvement of the retrosplenial cortex in temporal order memory, which includes both between‐block and within‐block problems. The current findings also suggest that the rat retrosplenial cortex comprises one of a group of closely interlinked regions that enable recency memory, including the hippocampal formation, medial diencephalon and medial frontal cortex. In view of the well‐established importance of the retrosplenial cortex for spatial learning, the findings support the notion that, with its frontal and hippocampal connections, retrosplenial cortex has a key role for both what/when and where/when information.
Similarities and differences between older and young adult patients with celiac disease
Authors: Kalkan Çağdaş , Karakaya Fatih , Soykan Irfan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimCeliac disease is an autoimmune enteropathy with variable clinical symptoms. Elderly patients can have different manifestations from those of young patients. The aims of the present study were to investigate whether any differences or similarities exist between older and young patients with celiac disease with a special emphasis on concurrent autoimmune diseases.MethodsCeliac disease patients were stratified as older and younger patients. These two groups were then compared by means of clinical symptoms, laboratory parameters and concurrent autoimmune diseases. Factors associated with the presence of an autoimmune disease were identified by univariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsThere were 66 older patients (mean age 67.7 ± 3.2 years, 50 women), and 277 younger patients (mean age 35.9 ± 11.7 years, 207 women). Of the 66 older patients, eight patients had gastrointestinal symptoms and 58 patients had extradigestive symptoms. In the younger group, the number of patients referred due to gastrointestinal symptoms was higher (8 [12.2%] vs 200 (72.2%), P < 0.001) compared with the older group. Whereas 10 (15.1%) older patients showed polyautoimmunity, 55 (19.8%) younger patients had polyautoimmunity. Multiple autoimmune syndrome was more common in older patients compared with young patients (31 [47%] vs 12 [4%], P < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionsThe presentation of celiac disease clinically, histologically and by means of laboratory parameters is different in older and young patients. Polyautoimmunity and multiple autoimmune syndrome are more common in older patients compared with younger patients. A biopsy score of Marsh score type, antinuclear antibody positivity, high serum anti‐tissue transglutaminase immunoglobulin A level and low hemoglobin level were risk factors for having an autoimmune disease. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2060–2067.
Histopathological characteristics of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome without Hunner lesion
Authors: Kim Aram , Han Ju‐Young , Ryu Chae‐Min , Yu Hwan Yeul , Lee Seungun , Kim YongHwan , Jeong Se Un , Cho Yong Mee , Shin Dong‐Myung , Choo Myung‐Soo 
Published: April 2017

AimsTo assess the distinct histopathological characteristics and their clinical significance between non‐Hunner‐type and Hunner‐type interstitial cystitis (IC)/bladder pain syndrome (BPS).Methods and resultsWe prospectively enrolled and classified IC/BPS patients, on the basis of cystoscopic findings, as having non‐Hunner‐type IC and Hunner‐type IC. Specimens obtained from the posterior wall in non‐Hunner‐type IC cases during hydrodistension or from Hunner/non‐Hunner lesions in Hunner‐type IC cases during transurethral resection were evaluated. Stress urinary incontinence patients with microscopic haematuria were selected as controls. Biopsy specimens were obtained from 15 non‐Hunner‐type IC, 15 Hunner‐type IC and 5 non‐IC patients. Severe and moderate fibrosis was more frequently observed in non‐Hunner‐type IC than in Hunner‐type IC and non‐IC cases. However, severe and moderate inflammation was more frequently observed in Hunner‐type IC than in non‐Hunner‐type IC cases. The remnant urothelium was significantly decreased in Hunner‐type IC cases as compared with non‐Hunner‐type IC and non‐IC cases (P < 0.05), and non‐Hunner‐type IC cases showed a higher number of mast cells than Hunner‐type IC and non‐IC cases (P = 0.035). Accordingly, several fibrosis‐promoting genes were highly expressed in bladder tissues of non‐Hunner‐type IC, as compared with Hunner‐type IC. Patients with severe fibrosis showed significantly higher urinary frequency and smaller bladder capacity than those with moderate and mild fibrosis (all P < 0.05).ConclusionsNon‐Hunner‐type IC is characterized by severe fibrosis and increased mast cell infiltration, whereas Hunner‐type IC is characterized by severe inflammation and urothelial denudation in the entire bladder. Fibrosis in the bladder of IC/BPS patients was correlated with increased urinary frequency and decreased bladder capacity.
Randomised trial of a parent‐mediated intervention for infants at high risk for autism: longitudinal outcomes to age 3 years
Authors: Green Jonathan , Pickles Andrew , Pasco Greg , Bedford Rachael , Wan Ming Wai , Elsabbagh Mayada , Slonims Vicky , Gliga Teea , Jones Emily , Cheung Celeste , Charman Tony , Johnson Mark ,   The British Autism Study of Infant Siblings (BASIS) Team
Published: April 2017

BackgroundThere has been increasing interest in the potential for pre‐emptive interventions in the prodrome of autism, but little investigation as to their effect.MethodsA two‐site, two‐arm assessor‐blinded randomised controlled trial (RCT) of a 12‐session parent‐mediated social communication intervention delivered between 9 and 14 months of age (Intervention in the British Autism Study of Infant Siblings‐Video Interaction for Promoting Positive Parenting), against no intervention. Fifty‐four infants (28 intervention, 26 nonintervention) at familial risk of autism but not otherwise selected for developmental atypicality were assessed at 9‐month baseline, 15‐month treatment endpoint, and 27‐ and 39‐month follow‐up. Primary outcome: severity of autism prodromal symptoms, blind‐rated on Autism Observation Schedule for Infants or Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule 2nd Edition across the four assessment points. Secondary outcomes: blind‐rated parent–child interaction and child language; nonblind parent‐rated communication and socialisation. Prespecified intention‐to‐treat analysis combined estimates from repeated measures within correlated regressions to estimate the overall effect of the infancy intervention over time.ResultsEffect estimates in favour of intervention on autism prodromal symptoms, maximal at 27 months, had confidence intervals (CIs) at each separate time point including the null, but showed a significant overall effect over the course of the intervention and follow‐up period (effect size [ES] = 0.32; 95% CI 0.04, 0.60; p = .026). Effects on proximal intervention targets of parent nondirectiveness/synchrony (ES = 0.33; CI 0.04, 0.63; p = .013) and child attentiveness/communication initiation (ES = 0.36; 95% CI 0.04, 0.68; p = .015) showed similar results. There was no effect on categorical diagnostic outcome or formal language measures.ConclusionsFollow‐up to 3 years of the first RCT of a very early social communication intervention for infants at familial risk of developing autism has shown a treatment effect, extending 24 months after intervention end, to reduce the overall severity of autism prodromal symptoms and enhance parent–child dyadic social communication over this period. We highlight the value of extended follow‐up and repeat assessment for early intervention trials.