bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacologic and economic differentiation of drugs for RA in Italy
Authors: Berto Patrizia , Eandi Mario 
Published: May 2016

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, progressive and degenerative illness, which affects about 0.5% of the adult population with significant social costs. In Italy there are approximately 300,000 people with RA, with twice as many women than men. RA causes progressive deformity and disability and is associated with numerous co-morbid conditions that reduce the life expectancy of 5-10 years. The costs of RA have a serious impact on the entire community, especially in terms of disability, hospitalization and medical care. In Italy has been estimated that cost of illness could reach about 1,600 million euros, of which over two thirds are represented by indirect costs. The treatment of RA is evolving and the introduction of biological drugs has resulted in a significant progress in terms of therapeutic possibilities. Etanercept, the only soluble receptor of TNF-alfa currently approved appears to be cost-effective and it is recommended by major guidelines for the treatment of RA. http://dx.doi.org/10.7175/rhc.v3i3.201
L’apport des technologies multimédias en évaluation didactique de la traduction
Authors: Gardy Philippe 
Published: May 2016

Cet article présente les résultats d’une étude menée auprès de 88 étudiants en première année de traduction (anglais-français) quant aux apports potentiels de technologies multimédias au processus d’évaluation des travaux des étudiants. La comparaison des résultats obtenus par les apprenants ayant bénéficié d’une rétroaction vidéo et de ceux ayant reçu une rétroaction traditionnelle met en évidence une amélioration des résultats des premiers. Par ailleurs, une analyse qualitative met en exergue un net renforcement de leur perception des aspects positifs de l’évaluation. Ainsi, le recours à la vidéo peut être considéré comme un outil efficace dans le cadre d’un processus d’évaluation à visée formative des travaux des étudiants en traduction, et ce, indépendamment de la taille du groupe d’apprenants.
Sensitivity enhancement of capacitive tumor necrosis factor-α detection by deposition of nanoparticles on interdigitated electrode
Authors: Yagati Ajay Kumar , Park Jinsoo , Kim Jungsuk , Ju Heongkyu , Chang Keun-A , Cho Sungbo 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
An interdigitated electrodes (IDE) modified with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was fabricated to enhance the capacitive detection of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and compared with a bare IDE. A TNF-α immunosensor was developed by covalently conjugating TNF-α antibodies with 3-mercaptopropionic acid by a carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide reaction on the AuNP/IDE. After the application of human serum samples containing various concentrations of TNF-α to the sensing electrode, changes in both the impedance spectrum and the electrode interfacial capacitance were measured. The capacitance changes were dependent on the TNF-α concentration in the range of 1 pg ml−1 to 10 ng ml−1, and the device had the calculated detection limit of 0.83 pg ml−1. The developed AuNP/IDE-based immunosensor was successfully used for the capacitive detection of the binding of TNF-α to its antibody, and was found to be feasible for the analysis of TNF-α in human blood serum.
Improvement of multilayer graphene crystallinity by solid-phase precipitation with current stress application during annealing
Authors: Uddin Md. Sahab , Ichikawa Hiroyasu , Sano Shota , Ueno Kazuyoshi 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
To improve the crystallinity of multilayer graphene (MLG) films by solid-phase precipitation, a new method by which current stress is introduced during annealing of a carbon-doped cobalt (Co-C) layer using cobalt (Co) as the catalyst has been investigated. The effects of current stress on the formation and crystallinity of MLG films were investigated by comparing the characteristics of the films annealed at the same temperature with and without current by taking into account the temperature rise due to Joule heating. The characteristics obtained by Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements revealed that the MLG films produced were crystalline in nature and their crystallinity increased with applied current stress at the same temperature. From SEM observations, beside Joule heating, enhancement of Co grain size by agglomeration induced by current stress may be the potential reason for the improvement of the crystallinity of MLG films. We have also improved the uniformity of MLG films by depositing an additional copper (Cu) capping layer over the Co-C layer. Current stress application can lead to low-temperature fabrication of MLG with higher crystallinity by solid-phase precipitation.
Temporal patterns of dissolved organic matter biodegradability are similar across three rivers of varying size
Authors: Coble Ashley A. , Marcarelli Amy M. , Kane Evan S. , Toczydlowski David , Stottlemyer Robert 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDissolved organic matter (DOM) composition may be an important determinant of its fate in freshwaters, but little is known about temporal variability in DOM composition and the biodegradability of DOM in northern temperate watersheds. We measured biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) via incubation assays and DOM composition using optical indices on 11 dates in three Lake Superior tributaries. Percent BDOC (%BDOC) and BDOC concentrations were seasonally synchronous across these watersheds, despite that they vary in size by orders of magnitude (1.7 to 3400 km2). Relative to %BDOC, BDOC concentrations were more tightly constrained among sites on any given date. BDOC also varied within seasons; for example, %BDOC on two different dates in winter were among the highest (29% and 54%) and lowest (0%) values observed for each site (overall %BDOC range: 0 to 72%). DOM composition varied the most among tributaries during a summer storm event when BDOC (both as percent and concentration) was elevated but was remarkably similar among tributaries during fall, spring, and winter. Multivariate models identified humic‐like and tryptophan‐like fluorophores as predictors of %BDOC, but DOM composition only described 21% of the overall variation in %BDOC. Collectively, these three rivers exported ~18 Gg C yr−1 as DOC and ~2 Gg C yr−1 as BDOC, which corresponded to 9 to 17% of annual DOC exported in biodegradable form. Our results suggest much of the C exported from these northern temperate watersheds may be biodegradable within 28 days and that large pulses of labile DOM can be exported during storm events and spring snowmelt.
Spatiotemporal processes that contribute to hydrologic exchange between hillslopes, valley bottoms, and streams
Authors: Bergstrom Anna , Jencso Kelsey , McGlynn Brian 
Published: May 2016

AbstractQuantifying how watershed structure influences the exchanges of water among component parts of a watershed, particularly the connection between uplands, valley bottoms, and in‐stream hydrologic exchange, remains a challenge. However, this understanding is critical for ascertaining the source areas and temporal contributions of water and associated biogeochemical constituents in streams. We used dilution gauging, mass recovery, and recording discharge stations to characterize streamflow dynamics across 52 reaches, from peak snowmelt to base flow, in the Tenderfoot Creek Experimental forest, Montana, USA. We found that watershed‐contributing area was only a significant predictor of net changes in streamflow at high moisture states and larger spatial scales. However, at the scale of individual stream reaches, the lateral contributing area in conjunction with underlying lithology and vegetation densities were significant predictors of gross hydrologic gains to the stream. Reach lateral contributing areas underlain by more permeable sandstone yielded less water across flow states relative to those with granite gneiss. Additionally, increases in the frequency of steps across each stream reach contributed to greater hydrologic gross losses. Together, gross gains and losses of water along individual reaches resulted in net changes of discharge that cumulatively scale to the observed outlet discharge dynamics. Our results provide a framework for understanding how hillslope topography, geology, vegetation, and valley bottom structure contribute to the exchange of water and cumulative increases of stream flow across watersheds of increasing size.
Paleoseismic evidence of a giant medieval earthquake in the eastern Himalaya
Authors: Mishra Rajeeb Lochan , Singh I. , Pandey A. , Rao P. S. , Sahoo H. K. , Jayangondaperumal R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe present here the results of a paleoseismic investigation carried across a ~10 m high fault scarp at Panijhora village, West Bengal in northeastern India. Accelerator Mass Spectrometer analyzed 14C radiocarbon age constraints from six detrital charcoal samples ranging between 1688 B.C. and A.D. 1152 are consistent with the great medieval earthquake of A.D. 1255 that is interpreted to have produced a minimum observed fault slip of ~5 m in the trench exposure. Recalibration of radiocarbon ages from previous studies at Harmutty, Nameri, and Marha in the eastern Himalaya using Bayesian statistical analyses further substantiates the possibility that the A.D. 1255 earthquake might have ruptured the Himalayan front over a length of ~800 km from ~85.87° to 93.76°E longitudes.
Future acidification of marginal seas: A comparative study of the Japan/East Sea and the South China Sea
Authors: Luo Yiming , Boudreau Bernard P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe response of marginal (peripheral) seas to ocean acidification on short and long time scales is not well established. Through modeling, we examine the future acidification of two adjacent marginal seas, the South China Sea (SCS) and the Japan/East Sea (J/ES). Our results illustrate the importance of unique features in determining their acidification. The J/ES basin will become completely undersaturated with regard to calcite rapidly in the next few decades, while the SCS basin will experience relatively slower acidification. During its acidification, the J/ES will continually act as a sink for atmospheric CO2, whereas the SCS will temporarily switch from a source to a sink during the peak pCO2 interval, only to return slowly to being a source again. Marginal sea acidification will be determined by multiple factors, including their connections with the open ocean and their unique physical and biogeochemical dynamics, in addition to the level of atmospheric CO2.
Aerosol data assimilation using data from Himawari‐8, a next‐generation geostationary meteorological satellite
Authors: Yumimoto K. , Nagao T.M. , Kikuchi M. , Sekiyama T.T , Murakami H. , Tanaka T.Y. , Ogi A. , Irie H. , Khatri P. , Okumura H. , Arai K. , Morino I. , Uchino O. , Maki T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHimawari‐8, a next‐generation geostationary meteorological satellite, was launched on 7 October 2014 and became operational on 7 July 2015. The advanced imager on board Himawari‐8 is equipped with 16 observational bands (including three visible and three near‐infrared bands) that enable retrieval of full‐disk aerosol optical properties at 10 min intervals from geostationary (GEO) orbit. Here we show the first application of aerosol optical properties (AOPs) derived from Himawari‐8 data to aerosol data assimilation. Validation of the assimilation experiment by comparison with independent observations demonstrated successful modeling of continental pollution that was not predicted by simulation without assimilation and reduced overestimates of dust front concentrations. These promising results suggest that AOPs derived from Himawari‐8/9 and other planned GEO satellites will considerably improve forecasts of air quality, inverse modeling of emissions, and aerosol reanalysis through assimilation techniques.
Sulfur isotopic composition of surface snow along a latitudinal transect in East Antarctica
Authors: Uemura Ryu , Masaka Kosuke , Fukui Kotaro , Iizuka Yoshinori , Hirabayashi Motohiro , Motoyama Hideaki 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe sulfur stable isotopic values (δ34S) of sulfate aerosols can be used to assess oxidation pathways and contributions from various sources, such as marine biogenic sulfur, volcanoes, and sea salt. However, because of a lack of observations, the spatial distribution of δ34S values in Antarctic sulfate aerosols remains unclear. Here we present the first sulfur isotopic values from surface snow samples along a latitudinal transect in eastern Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica. The δ34S values of sulfate showed remarkably uniform values, in the range of 14.8–16.9‰, and no significant decrease toward the inland part of the transect was noted. These results suggest that net isotopic fractionation during long‐range transport is insignificant. Thus, the δ34S values can be used to infer source contributions. The δ34S values suggest that marine biogenic sulfur is the dominant source of sulfate aerosols, with a fractional contribution of 84 ± 16%.
Bottom pressure torque and the vorticity balance from observations in Drake Passage
Authors: Firing Yvonne L. , Chereskin Teresa K. , Watts D. Randolph , Mazloff Matthew R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe vorticity balance of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in Drake Passage is examined using 4 years of observations from current‐ and pressure‐recording inverted echo sounders. The time‐varying vorticity, planetary and relative vorticity advection, and bottom pressure torque are calculated in a two‐dimensional array in the eddy‐rich Polar Frontal Zone (PFZ). Bottom pressure torque is also estimated at sites across Drake Passage. Mean and eddy nonlinear relative vorticity advection terms dominate over linear advection in the local (50‐km scale) vorticity budget in the PFZ, and are balanced to first order by the divergence of horizontal velocity. Most of this divergence comes from the ageostrophic gradient flow, which also provides a second‐order adjustment to the geostrophic relative vorticity advection. Bottom pressure torque is approximately one‐third the size of the local depth‐integrated divergence. Although the cDrake velocity fields exhibit significant turning with depth throughout Drake Passage even in the mean, surface vorticity advection provides a reasonable representation of the depth‐integrated vorticity balance. Observed near‐bottom currents are strongly topographically steered, and bottom pressure torques grow large where strong near‐bottom flows cross steep topography at small angles. Upslope flow over the northern continental slope dominates the bottom pressure torque in cDrake, and the mean across this Drake Passage transect, 3 to
m s−2, exceeds the mean wind stress curl by a factor of 15–20.
Scale dependence of the hydraulic properties of a fractured aquifer estimated using transfer functions
Authors: Pedretti D. , Russian A. , Sanchez‐Vila X. , Dentz M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe present an investigation of the scale dependence of hydraulic parameters in fractured media based on the concept of transfer functions (TF). TF methods provide an inexpensive way to perform aquifer parameter estimation, as they relate the fluctuations of an observation time series (hydraulic head fluctuations) to an input function (aquifer recharge) in frequency domain. Fractured media are specially sensitive to this approach as hydraulic parameters are strongly scale‐dependent, involving nonstationary statistical distributions. Our study is based on an extensive data set, involving up to 130 measurement points with periodic head measurements that in some cases extend for more than 30 years. For each point, we use a single‐porosity and dual‐continuum TF formulation to obtain a distribution of transmissivities and storativities in both mobile and immobile domains. Single‐porosity TF estimates are compared with data obtained from the interpretation of over 60 hydraulic tests (slug and pumping tests). Results show that the TF is able to estimate the scale dependence of the hydraulic parameters, and it is consistent with the behavior of estimates from traditional hydraulic tests. In addition, the TF approach seems to provide an estimation of the system variance and the extension of the ergodic behavior of the aquifer (estimated in approximately 500 m in the analyzed aquifer). The scale dependence of transmissivity seems to be independent from the adopted formulation (single or dual‐continuum), while storativity is more sensitive to the presence of multiple continua.
In Vivo Probe of Lipid II‐Interacting Proteins
Authors: Sarkar Sourav , Libby Elizabeth A. , Pidgeon Sean E. , Dworkin Jonathan , Pires Marcos M. 
Published: May 2016

Abstractβ‐Lactams represent one of the most important classes of antibiotics discovered to date. These agents block Lipid II processing and cell wall biosynthesis through inactivation of penicillin‐binding proteins (PBPs). PBPs enzymatically load cell wall building blocks from Lipid II carrier molecules onto the growing cell wall scaffold during growth and division. Lipid II, a bottleneck in cell wall biosynthesis, is the target of some of the most potent antibiotics in clinical use. Despite the immense therapeutic value of this biosynthetic pathway, the PBP–Lipid II association has not been established in live cells. To determine this key interaction, we designed an unnatural d‐amino acid dipeptide that is metabolically incorporated into Lipid II molecules. By hijacking the peptidoglycan biosynthetic machinery, photoaffinity probes were installed in combination with click partners within Lipid II, thereby allowing, for the first time, demonstration of PBP interactions in vivo with Lipid II.
An Efficient Numerical Solution of Fractional Optimal Control Problems by using the Ritz Method and Bernstein Operational Matrix
Authors: Nemati Ali , Yousefi Sohrabali , Soltanian Fahimeh , Ardabili J.Saffar 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis paper deals with the Ritz spectral method to solve a class of fractional optimal control problems (FOCPs). The developed numerical procedure is based on the function approximation by the Bernstein polynomials along with fractional operational matrix usage. The approximation method is computationally consistent and moreover, has a good flexibility in the sense of satisfying the initial and boundary conditions of the optimal control problems. We construct a new fractional operational matrix applicable in the Ritz method to estimate the fractional and integer order derivatives of the basis. As a result, we achieve an unconstrained optimization problem. Next, by applying the necessary conditions of optimality, a system of algebraic equations is obtained. The resultant problem is solved via Newton's iterative method. Finally, the convergence of the proposed method is investigated and several illustrative examples are added to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new methodology.
Recursive Stochastic H2/H∞ Control Problem for Delay Systems Involving Continuous and Impulse Controls
Authors: Qixia Zhang , Qiliang Sun 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss the recursive stochastic H2/H∞ control problem of delay systems with random coefficients involving both continuous and impulse controls. By virtue of a new type of forward backward stochastic differential equations, a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a unique solution to the control problem under consideration is derived. The existence and uniqueness of the forward backward stochastic differential equations are also be proved.
Interaction effects on cytochrome P450 both in vitro and in vivo studies by two major bioactive xanthones from Halenia elliptica D. Don
Authors: Feng Ru , Tan Xiang‐Shan , Wen Bao‐Ying , Shou Jia‐Wen , Fu Jie , He Chi‐Yu , Zhao Zhen‐Xiong , Li Xiao‐Yang , Zhu Hui‐Xin , Zhu Ping , Shi Jian‐Gong , Che Chun‐Tao , Yeung John H. K. , Zhang Xian‐Feng , Wang Yan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe major components, 1‐hydroxy‐2,3,5‐trimethoxy‐xanthone (HM‐1) and 1,5‐dihydroxy‐2,3‐dimethoxy‐xanthone (HM‐5) isolated from Halenia elliptica D. Don (Gentianaceae), could cause vasodilatation in rat coronary artery with different mechanisms. In this work, high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to ion trap time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (LCMS‐IT‐TOF) was used to clarify the metabolic pathways, and CYP450 isoform involvement of HM‐1 and HM‐5 were also studied in rat. At the same time, in vivo inhibition effects of HM‐1 and ethyl acetate extracts from origin herb were studied. Three metabolites of HM‐5 were found in rat liver microsomes (RLMs); demethylation and hydroxylation were the major phase I metabolic reactions for HM‐5. Multiple CYP450s were involved in metabolism of HM‐1 and HM‐5. The inhibition study showed that HM‐5 inhibited Cyp1a2, 2c6 and 2d2 in RLMs. HM‐1 inhibited activities of Cyp1a2, Cyp2c6 and Cyp3a2. In vivo experiment demonstrated that both HM‐1 and ethyl acetate extracts could inhibit Cyp3a2 in rats. In conclusion, the metabolism of xanthones from the origin herb involved multiple CYP450 isoforms; in vitro, metabolism of HM‐5 was similar to that of its parent drug HM‐1, but their inhibition effects upon CYP450s were different; in vivo, Cyp3a2 could be inhibited by HM‐1 and ethyl acetate extracts.
Prognostic potential of the MDM2 309T>G polymorphism in stage I lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Enokida Yasuaki , Shimizu Kimihiro , Atsumi Jun , Kakegawa Seiichi , Takase Yoshiaki , Kaira Kyoichi , Yashima Hideaki , Araki Takuya , Nakazawa Seshiru , Ohtaki Yoichi , Nagashima Toshiteru , Alexander Lezhava , Usui Kengo , Ishikawa Toshihisa , Hayashizaki Yoshihide , Takeyoshi Izumi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe MDM2 protein plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis via ubiquitination and proteasome‐mediated degradation of p53. The genetic polymorphism rs2279744 (c.309T>G) of the MDM2 gene is reportedly associated with susceptibility and/or prognosis in various cancers. In this study, we investigated the risk factors for worse survival in patients with lung adenocarcinoma (AC). We examined the association between c.309T>G and the prognosis of lung cancer by retrospectively reviewing 453 lung cancer patients. We studied both, clinicopathological and genetic characteristics, including the c.309T>G, p53 Arg72Pro, EGFR, KRAS, and p53 mutations. Associations between these factors and survival outcome were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models. The frequencies of MDM2 polymorphisms were T/T, 20.8%; T/G, 48.6%, and G/G, 30.7%. The overall survival (OS) of AC patients with pathological stage I disease and the MDM2 T/T genotype was significantly shorter than that of those with the T/G or G/G genotypes (P = 0.02). Multivariate analysis revealed that the MDM2 T/T genotype was an independent, significant prognostic factor (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.23; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–4.65; P = 0.03). The MDM2 T/T genotype was predictive of poorer survival in a Japanese population. Genotyping for this polymorphism might predict the clinical outcomes of stage I AC patients.