bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activity History of the Gangga Graben in the Southern Segment of Kung Co Rift in Southern Tibet Constrained by ESR and U‐Series Dating
Authors: Dai Xuejian , Yan Songtao , Li Hu , Hu Junfeng , Liu Tao , Dai Hongrui , Wei Yangchun , Lei Yushi , Guo Wangchuan , Xin Chongyang 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTCharacterising the spatial and temporal distribution of the S‐N‐trending rift in southern Tibet is crucial for elucidating the dynamics of E‐W extension within the Tibetan Plateau since the Miocene. The Kung Co–Tangra Yumco rift, located in the central part of the rift system, was initiated at the peak of rifting development. While the initiation of rifting has been ascertained through low‐temperature thermochronology, direct timing constraints remain absent for the Gangga Graben in the southernmost region. Utilising the quartz electron spin resonance (ESR) dating technique, we ascertained the onset age of the eastern boundary fault of the Gangga Graben to be 12.00 ± 1.80 Ma, with an accelerated activity phase at 9.17 ± 1.19 Ma, and an activity age for the western boundary fault at 2.22 ± 0.24 Ma. U‐series dating conducted on the western boundary disclosed a time span of 20–13 ka for hot spring fissure activity. Seismic evidence, inclusive of those from the Gongdapu Horst, indicates persistent activity of the Gangga Graben since the Pleistocene. Comparative analysis of age data from the Kung Co–Tangra Yumco rift suggests that it commenced almost synchronously along its strike at ~14.5–12 Ma. Considering the rifts trending from west to east in southern Tibet and the genetic mechanism of leucogranite, we propose an E‐W extension mechanism in southern Tibet. At ~26–14 Ma, the lithosphere experienced weakened delamination and asthenosphere upwelling, leading to a series of magmatic activities and onset of E‐W extension in southern Tibet. At ~17–7 Ma, as the basal shearing of the underthrusting Indian Plate increased, it marked the peak phase of rifting in southern Tibet.
Perspectives toward the application of Artificial Intelligence in anesthesiology‐related practices in Saudi Arabia: A cross‐sectional study of physicians views
Authors: Al Harbi Mohammed , Alotaibi Ahmed , Alanazi Amal , Alsughayir Fatimah , Alharbi Deema , Bin Qassim Ahmad , Alkhwaiter Talal , Olayan Lafi , Al Zaid Manal , Alsabani Mohmad 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsThe use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) relies on computer science and large datasets, with the technology mimicking human intelligence as it makes logical decisions. This study aims to assess the perceptions and experiences of anesthesiology practitioners toward AI and identify its benefits to healthcare professionals and patients, along with current and future applications of AI.MethodsThis cross‐sectional descriptive online survey study was disseminated to physicians who work in anesthesiology practice in Saudi Arabia. Descriptive statistics were used to report the characteristics of the respondents and summarize the results of the survey.ResultsThere were 109 responses, with 85.32% being male, 35.78% being aged 40–49 years, and 69.72% being consultant anesthesiologists. The majority of participants (73.39%) believed that AI could be used in multiple settings related to anesthesiology practice. Participants also believed that AI could facilitate access to data (76.15%), enable precise decision‐making (75.23%), reduce medical errors (55.04%), reduce workload and shortage of healthcare personnel (53.21%), and allow healthcare personnel to focus on more demanding cases (69.72%). In addition, the majority of participants believed that AI can be beneficial to patients, in which 69.72% believed that AI can improve patient access to care, 77.06% believed that AI can facilitate patient education, and 65.14% believed that AI can guide patients during treatment. Lastly, 70.64% believed that AI would be beneficial to anesthesiology practices in the future. However, 61.47% claimed that their workplace has no plan for adopting AI.ConclusionsThe anesthesiologists showed generally positive attitudes towards AI, in spite of its limited utilization and implementation challenges. Strong beliefs exist about AI's future potential in anesthesia care and postgraduate education.
Treatment strategies for erosive genital lichen planus: A systematic review of therapeutic modalities and emerging breakthroughs
Authors: Safari‐Kish Borna , Bidares Matin , Zaresharifi Shirin , Malekzadeh‐Shoushtari Hesam , Aziz Mahsa , Salehi Mahsa , Zahedi Khatere 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsErosive genital lichen planus (EGLP) is a severe form of lichen planus characterized by painful erosions in the genital area, leading to significant distress and complications. This review aims to provide a thorough examination of EGLP, focusing on its clinical manifestations, diagnostic challenges, and various treatment strategies, with an emphasis on patient‐centered care.MethodsAdhering to PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review of 26 studies that explored dermatological treatments for EGLP. Our literature search was comprehensive, covering PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Data were extracted systematically using established tools to ensure a robust analysis of the treatment modalities.ResultsEGLP presents with a range of symptoms, including severe pain, itching, and sexual dysfunction. Treatment options include topical corticosteroids, systemic medications, and surgical interventions. Despite the availability of various therapies, many cases are refractory to treatment, resulting in chronic symptoms and reduced quality of life. Emerging therapies show promise but are not yet established as standard practice.ConclusionManagement of EGLP requires a tailored, multidimensional approach. While topical corticosteroids remain essential, the development of new therapies offers hope for improved outcomes. A patient‐centered approach is vital to address both the physical and psychosocial impacts of EGLP. Continued research is necessary to refine treatment protocols and enhance patient care.
Enlisting toddler cooperation through structure and autonomy support: The amplifying role of suboptimal relationship mutuality
Authors: Molitor Adriana , Hsu Hui‐Chin , Eulau Katherine , Brewster Robert A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRegular repair of normative mother‐toddler conflict is required for relational health; yet, we still need improved delineation of regulation strategies that can promote child cooperation. Contemporary conceptualizations of positive parenting propose that structure and autonomy support each facilitate children's optimal engagement; however, toddler studies rarely address their joint impact and conditional moderation. This observational study examined both dimensions in predicting cooperation among 106 U.S. 30‐month‐olds and their primarily European–American mothers during a demanding request situation. We also assessed mutuality, an indicator of mother‐child relationship quality, from two situations with minimized power differentials to explore whether it moderated associations. Regression analyses confirmed the unique and additive impact of both maternal behavioral dimensions in predicting toddler cooperation and also an interaction effect such that the positive association between maternal autonomy support and toddlers’ level of cooperation was accentuated depending on the dyads’ mutuality. Results suggest that maternal structure and autonomy support may serve as effective approaches for enlisting or maintaining child cooperation during hierarchical negotiations, and that suboptimal relationship mutuality magnifies toddlers’ responses to maternal levels of autonomy support. Findings are likely relevant to parenting programs that advance mother‐child relational health during the transition from infancy to early childhood.
Submerged and completely open solid–liquid triboelectric nanogenerator for water wave energy harvesting
Authors: Nan Youbo , Wang Xiutong , Xu Hui , Zhou Hui , Sun Yanan , Wang Mingxing , Liu Weilong , Ma Chaoqun , Yu Teng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is an emerging wave energy harvesting technology with excellent potential. However, due to issues with sealing, anchoring, and difficult deployment over large areas, TENG still cannot achieve large‐scale wave energy capture. Here, a submerged and completely open solid–liquid TENG (SOSL‐TENG) is developed for ocean wave energy harvesting. The SOSL‐TENG is adapted to various water environments. Due to its simple structure, it is easy to deploy into various marine engineering facilities in service. Importantly, this not only solves the problem of difficult construction of TENG networks at present, but also effectively utilizes high‐quality wave energy resources. The working mechanism and output performance of the SOSL‐TENG are systematically investigated. With optimal triggering conditions, the transferred charge (Qtr) and short‐circuit current (Isc) of SOSL‐TENG are 2.58 μC and 85.9 μA, respectively. The wave tank experiment is taken for fully demonstrating the superiority of the SOSL‐TENG network in large‐scale collection and conversion of wave energy. Due to the excellent output performance, TENG can harvest wave energy to provide power for various commercial electronic devices such as LED beads, hygrothermograph, and warning lights. Importantly, the SOSL‐TENG networks realizes self‐powered for electrochemical systems, which provides a direction for energy cleanliness in industrial systems. This work provides a prospective strategy for large‐scale deployment of TENG applications, especially for harvesting wave energy in spray splash zones or at the surface of the water.image
Arsenic and Chromium Induced Toxicity on Zebrafish Kidney: Mixture Effects on Oxidative Stress and Involvement of Nrf2‐Keap1‐ARE, DNA Repair, and Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathways
Authors: Kamila Sreejata , Dey Koushik Kumar , Chattopadhyay Ansuman 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn polluted water, cooccurrences of two carcinogens, arsenic (As) and chromium (Cr), are extensively reported. Individual effects of these heavy metals have been reported in kidney of fishes, but underlying molecular mechanisms are not well established. There is no report on combined exposure of As and Cr in kidney. Thus, the present study investigated and compared individual and combined effects of As and Cr on zebrafish (Danio rerio) kidney treating at their environmentally relevant concentrations for 15, 30, and 60 days. Increased ROS levels, lipid peroxidation, GSH level, and decreased catalase activity implied oxidative stress in treated zebrafish kidney. Damage in histoarchitecture in treated groups was also noticed. The current study involved gene expression study of Nrf2, an important transcription factor of cellular stress responses along with its negative regulator Keap1 and downstream antioxidant genes nqo1 and ho1. Results indicated activation of Nrf2‐Keap1 pathway after combined exposure. Expression pattern of ogg1, apex1, polb, and creb1 revealed the inhibition of base excision repair pathway in treatments. mRNA expression of tumor suppressor genes p53 and brca2 was also altered. Expressional alteration in bax, bcl2, caspase9, and caspase 3 indicated apoptosis (intrinsic pathway) induction, which was maximum in combined group. Inhibition of DNA repair and induction of apoptosis indicated that the activated antioxidant system was not enough to overcome the damage caused by As and Cr. Overall, this study revealed additive effects of As and Cr in zebrafish kidney after chronic exposure focusing cellular antioxidant and DNA damage responses.
Biocompatibility and Bone Regeneration by Shape Memory Polymer Scaffolds
Authors: Gasson Shelby B. , Dobson Lauren K. , Pfau‐Cloud Michaela R. , Beltran Felipe O. , Pool Roy R. , Gregory Carl A. , Grunlan Melissa A. , Saunders W. Brian 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBiodegradable, shape memory polymer (SMP) scaffolds based on poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) offer unique advantages as a regenerative treatment strategy for critical‐sized bone defects. In particular, a conformal fit may be achieved following exposure to warm saline, thereby improving osseointegration and regeneration. Advancing the clinical translation of these SMP scaffolds requires establishment of efficacy not only in non‐loading models, but also load‐bearing or load‐sharing models. Thus, the present study evaluated the biocompatibility and bone regeneration potential of SMP scaffolds in a rabbit distal femoral condyle model. Two distinct SMP scaffold compositions were evaluated, a “PCL‐only” scaffold formed from PCL‐diacrylate (PCL‐DA) and a semi‐interpenetrating network (semi‐IPN) formed from PCL‐DA and poly(L‐lactic acid) (PCL:PLLA). Semi‐IPN PCL:PLLA scaffolds possess greater rigidity and faster rates of degradation versus PCL scaffolds. In vivo biocompatibility was assessed with a rat subcutaneous implantation model, whereas osseointegration was assessed with a 4 mm × 8 mm rabbit distal femoral condyle defect model. Both types of SMP scaffolds exhibited excellent biocompatibility marked by infiltration with fibrous tissue and a minimal inflammatory response. When implanted in the rabbit distal femur, both SMP scaffolds supported bone ingrowth. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the SMP scaffolds are biocompatible and integrate with adjacent host osseous tissues when implanted in vivo in a load‐sharing environment. This study provides key proof‐of‐concept data necessary to proceed with large animal translational studies and clinical trials in human subjects.
Population Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic of Atorvastatin in Chinese Lung Transplant Recipients
Authors: Zhang Dan , Du Wenwen , Qin Wei , Chen Wenqian , Li Pengmei , Wang Xiaoxing 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAtorvastatin is a widely prescribed cholesterol‐lowering drug that inhibits 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase to reduce lipid levels. This study aimed to establish a population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic model for atorvastatin in Chinese lung transplant recipients (LTRs), particularly those using voriconazole (VOR) and with different genotypes. It evaluated precise dosing regimens and analyzed the correlation between atorvastatin exposure and clinical outcomes. A nonlinear mixed‐effects model was used for the population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) analysis. A one‐compartment population PK model was developed, incorporating VOR, SLCO2A1 rs76906503, and SLC22A8 rs2187383 to assess apparent clearance and volume of distribution. LDL‐C was modeled as a biomarker to evaluate atorvastatin efficacy. A Monte Carlo simulation was conducted to assess various dosing schemes and the effects of different covariates on achieving the target LDL concentration. The correlation between atorvastatin exposure and clinical outcomes was also evaluated. Results indicated that the average probability of target attainment for optimal dosing regimens across various covariate results exceeded 45.8%. Dosages of 10, 20, and 40 mg were deemed suitable for LTRs. A lower dose was recommended for LTRs taking VOR or with mutant‐type genotypes to avoid overexposure and adverse reactions. The population PK/PD model offers valuable guidance for evaluating atorvastatin dosing regimens in clinical settings, particularly for LTRs using VOR and those with different genotypes.
Significantly smaller lateral extrusion was observed within 24 weeks after all‐inside suture repairs of radial tear in the middle segment of lateral meniscus compared to inside‐out repairs
Authors: Uchida Ryohei , Horibe Shuji , Tanaka Yoshinari , Tsujii Akira , Tachibana Yuta , Kinugasa Kazutaka , Shiozaki Yoshiki 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the postoperative meniscal extrusion between all‐inside suture (AIS) and trans‐capsular suture (TCS) repair techniques.MethodsThirteen patients (mean age, 19.4 years) underwent AIS repairs using only sutures (AIS group) for radial tears in the middle segment of the lateral meniscus (RTMLM), and seven patients (mean age, 20.3 years) underwent inside‐out repairs among TCS (TCS group). For all cases, lateral (LE), anterior (AE) and posterior (PE) meniscal extrusions of the lateral meniscus were measured during preoperative and 3‐, 12‐ and 24‐week postoperative MRIs. Then, the change of each extrusion from preoperative to each postoperative period was calculated as ∆LE, ∆AE and ∆PE.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the AIS and TCS groups in the preoperative extrusions. As for postoperative extrusions, only ∆LEs in the AIS group was significantly smaller than those in the TCS group at all postoperative periods (−1.5 ± 1.7 vs. 0.9 ± 0.7 mm at 3‐week, −0.9 ± 0.9 vs. 0.4 ± 0.9 mm at 12‐week and −0.3 ± 1.0 vs. 0.6 ± 1.1 mm at 24‐week postoperation). In ∆AEs and ∆PEs, at all three postoperative periods, there were no significant differences.ConclusionPostoperative LE, AE and PE on MRIs after AIS and TCS repairs for RTMLM were investigated. Significantly smaller lateral extrusion was observed within 24 weeks after AIS repairs of RTMLM compared to TCS repairs, which could lead to stabilization of the repair site and prevent degenerative changes.Level of EvidenceCase‐control study, retrospective comparative study, Level Ⅲ.
Biomechanical comparison of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene sutures of different thicknesses of the tensile strength for pullout repair of medial meniscal posterior root tear
Authors: Kakiage Hibiki , Handa Mikiko , Takahashi Tsuneari , Takeshita Katsushi , Chikuda Hirotaka 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposeMedial meniscus posterior root tears (MMPRT) are a risk factor for knee osteoarthritis. The predominant treatment for MMPRT is transtibial pullout repair, and loop suture remains the gold standard procedure. This study aimed to investigate the structural properties of the meniscus‐suture‐tibia (MST) complex after loop stitch using ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) suture tape of different thicknesses.MethodsThis study used 20 fresh porcine MMPRT model knees. All specimens were randomised into two treatment groups: (1) pullout repair using 1.3 mm suture tape (thin group, n = 10; 1.3 mm PERMATAPE, Mitek Sports Medicine) fixation and (2) pullout repair using 2.5 mm suture tape (thick group, n = 10; 2.5 mm PERMATAPE, Mitek Sports Medicine) fixation. The single‐loop stitch MS technique was utilised. The MST complex specimens were placed on a tensile tester. The structural properties of the MST complex (yield load, maximum load, liner stiffness, and elongation at failure) were identified.ResultsNo significant differences were found between the thin and thick groups in terms of maximum load (108.8 ± 49.6 vs. 90.1 ± 33.6 N; p = 0.34), yield load (43.8 ± 15.2 vs. 39.4 ± 15.5 N; p = 0.53), liner stiffness (12.6 ± 8.4 vs. 11.2 ± 5.5 N/mm; p = 0.45), and elongation at failure (27.1 ± 19.4 vs. 19.9 ± 10.0 mm; p = 0.32).ConclusionThe structural properties of the thickness of the different UHMWPE were comparable in MMPRT repair. Additionally, 1.3 mm PERMATAPE may demonstrate similar repair potential as 2.5 mm PERMATAPE.Level of EvidenceLevel Ⅳ.
Characteristics of patients with somatoform pain disorder
Authors: Barth Lena , Baumbach Linda , Hajek André , Götzmann Lutz , Feiks Katrin , Rufer Michael , Schwegler Kyrill , Schwennen Bianca , Bernhardt Kirstin , Wutzler Uwe , Kaiser Paul , Wittmann Lutz , Siegel Adrian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatients with somatoform pain experience physical pain that cannot be attributed to any underlying medical or physiological cause, and it is often thought to be related to psychological factors. Health professionals encounter difficulties identifying this specific type of chronic pain, leading to suboptimal treatment strategies. Therefore, we aimed to describe the characteristics of patients with somatoform pain, to support the identification of affected patients.MethodsWe collected and analyzed a cross‐sectional survey data from 200 patients with somatoform pain admitted to one of three psychosomatic centers in Germany between August 2013 and July 2014. The survey contains 10 different categories, all of them referring to pain‐related topics. Within the survey, we analyzed validated as well as non‐validated questionnaires. Here, we present the following five: Personal data, Body: Pain perception, Cognition: Pain processing, Pain behavior, and Physical complaints.ResultsOur results highlight that most patients with somatoform pain experience it in several body parts and as persisting, lasting >12 h/day (50%), and constantly changing (71%). Furthermore, patients indicate feelings of helplessness, by agreeing to the expressions the pain controls me (70%). Finally, we found that pain is predominantly seen as suffering, failing to convey emotional pain, despite cognitively acknowledging the dependency of emotional and physical pain.ConclusionThe study identified specific and distinctive characteristics in the emotional and behavioral responses of patients with somatoform pain, potentially distinguishing them from other patients with chronic pain.
An observational cohort study evaluating PrEP reach, engagement and persistence through a community‐based mobile clinic in Miami‐Dade County, Florida
Authors: Doblecki‐Lewis Susanne , Johnson Ariana , Klose Katherine , King Katherine , Narcisse Gilianne , Butts Stefani , Whiteside Patrick , Kobetz Erin , Stevenson Mario 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionBarriers to pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) access have limited its reach to priority populations. Community‐based mobile clinics have potential to broaden PrEP engagement. We evaluated reach and persistence for fixed and mobile clinic cohorts in Miami‐Dade County, Florida.MethodsThis observational cohort study analysed data from 1896 clients engaged through our fixed or mobile clinic from August 2018 to March 2023. Services were offered at no cost to clients. The same staff and package of barrier‐lowering strategies was deployed across fixed and mobile clinic sites. Chi‐square and Fisher's exact test or the Kruskal–Wallis test were used to test for differences in characteristics across sites as well as across services sought. Kaplan–Meier curves were generated to evaluate persistence on PrEP and in care, defined as completion of at least one clinic visit (including PrEP prescribing, for PrEP persistence, or for any reason, for persistence in care) within 24 weeks of the prior visit. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate risk factors for discontinuation of PrEP or clinic care by 48 weeks by gender, race, ethnicity, insurance status and site.ResultsThe fixed and mobile clinics reached 781 and 1109 clients, respectively, during the study period. The median client age was 35 years; the majority (70.4%) of clients were cisgender men, identified as Hispanic/Latino (62.5%) and were men who have sex with men (54.5%). The mobile clinic extended reach to a higher proportion of cisgender women (32.1% mobile vs. 12.9% for fixed clinic), Black clients (34.5% vs. 13.1%) and older clients (median 37 vs. 33 years) compared with the fixed setting. Uninsured individuals, men and those who initiated services in the mobile clinic were more likely to continue PrEP to 48 weeks (HR: 1.20, p = 0.01; HR: 2.02, p<0.01; HR: 1.68, p<0.01, respectively). Persistence did not differ by race or ethnicity.ConclusionsA mobile clinic strategy for PrEP engagement can increase reach to key populations underrepresented in HIV prevention care including cisgender women and Black clients. Persistence in PrEP was increased for the mobile clinic cohort, suggesting an additional benefit to this modality beyond other barrier‐lowering strategies employed in our fixed and mobile clinics.