bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How HIV affects health and service use for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities
Authors: Durbin A. , Brown H. K. , Bansal S. , Antoniou T. , Jung J. K. H. , Lunsky Y. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjective(s)Although rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are similar for individuals with and without intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), very little is known about the health needs and service use of those with IDD and HIV. Among a population with IDD, we compared the physical and mental health profiles, as well as general and mental health service use for those with and without HIV.DesignRetrospective cohort study in Ontario, Canada using linked administrative health and social service databases.MethodsThe prevalence of physical conditions and mental health disorders, and patterns of service use for any reason and service use for mental health issues were compared among Ontario adults with IDD and HIV (n = 107) and without HIV (n = 63 901) in log‐binomial models adjusted for age, sex and neighbourhood income and rurality.ResultsAdults with IDD and HIV were more likely than those without HIV to have three types of mental health disorders: non‐psychotic disorders [aRR: adjusted rate ratio (aRR): 1.22 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–1.47)], psychotic disorders [aRR: 1.57 (1.09, 2.28)] and substance use disorders [aRR: 3.52 (2.53, 4.91)]. Adults with IDD and HIV were also more likely to have emergency department visits [aRR: 1.68 (1.42, 1.98)] and hospital admissions [aRR: 2.55 (1.74, 3.73)] for any reason, and to have mental health emergency department visits and/or admissions [aRR: 2.82 (1.90, 4.18)].DiscussionAdults with IDD and HIV have complex health profiles and greater health service use than HIV‐negative adults with IDD. These findings call for closer integration of programs delivered by the HIV and disability sectors to optimise the health of this patient population.
Inter‐rater reliability of professional‐caregiver‐reported life events in adults with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Hove O. , Assmus J. , Braatveit K. , Havik O. E. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe inter‐rater reliability (IRR) of the measure of life events in adults with intellectual disabilities was investigated.MethodTwo staff members for each of 79 adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) living in group homes used a checklist to report the adults' exposure to and intensity of life events over the previous 12 months. The IRR was estimated with intraclass correlation analysis (ICC). The factors of the level of ID, number of years the rater knew the rated person and quality of community care were investigated for possible associations with level of reliability.ResultsThe ICC values for the occurrence of life events were .44–.80 depending on the category of life events. In general, intensity measures showed lower ICC values. When the rater had known the person rated for 2 or more years or the quality of community care was high, the ICC values increased, whereas lower levels of ID were associated with lower ICC values.ConclusionsInter‐rater reliability in general was found to be acceptable. Further development and research are needed to improve the reliability of life event measures for more severe ID.
Association between speech–language, general cognitive functioning and behaviour problems in individuals with Williams syndrome
Authors: Rossi N. F. , Giacheti C. M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundWilliams syndrome (WS) phenotype is described as unique and intriguing. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between speech–language abilities, general cognitive functioning and behavioural problems in individuals with WS, considering age effects and speech–language characteristics of WS sub‐groups.MethodsThe study's participants were 26 individuals with WS and their parents. General cognitive functioning was assessed with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale. Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Token Test and the Cookie Theft Picture test were used as speech–language measures. Five speech–language characteristics were evaluated from a 30‐min conversation (clichés, echolalia, perseverative speech, exaggerated prosody and monotone intonation). The Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL 6‐18) was used to assess behavioural problems.ResultsHigher single‐word receptive vocabulary and narrative vocabulary were negatively associated with CBCL T‐scores for Social Problems, Aggressive Behaviour and Total Problems. Speech rate was negatively associated with the CBCL Withdrawn/Depressed T‐score. Monotone intonation was associated with shy behaviour, as well as exaggerated prosody with talkative behaviour. WS with perseverative speech and exaggerated prosody presented higher scores on Thought Problems. Echolalia was significantly associated with lower Verbal IQ. No significant association was found between IQ and behaviour problems. Age‐associated effects were observed only for the Aggressive Behaviour scale.ConclusionsAssociations reported in the present study may represent an insightful background for future predictive studies of speech–language, cognition and behaviour problems in WS.
Combined value of placental alpha microglobulin‐1 detection and cervical length via transvaginal ultrasound in the diagnosis of preterm labor in symptomatic patients
Authors: Bolotskikh Vyacheslav , Borisova Vera 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimWe aimed to evaluate the combined value of placental alpha microglobulin‐1 (PAMG‐1) and cervical length (CL) via transvaginal ultrasound for assessing risk of imminent spontaneous preterm delivery in patients presenting with threatened preterm labor (PTL).MethodsClinical exam, PAMG‐1 test, cardiotocography, and CL measurement via transvaginal ultrasound were performed on all patients meeting inclusion criteria. Ninety‐nine patients at 22+0–36+6 gestational weeks with the symptoms of PTL were included. The interval between sample collection and delivery was measured for each method.ResultsPerformance metrics were calculated for PAMG‐1 test, CL < 25 mm, and contractions ≥ 8/h. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for the PAMG‐1 test were 100%, 95%, 75%, 100% and 100%, 98%, 88%, 100% for 7 and 14 days, respectively; the respective values for CL < 25 mm were 83%, 59%, 22%, 96% and 79%, 59%, 24%, 94% for 7 and 14 days; and those for contractions ≥ 8/h were 42%, 38%, 8%, 83% and 43%, 38%, 10%, 80% for 7 and 14 days. Specificity for the PAMG‐1 test was statistically significant (P < 0.001) in pairwise comparisons for all other methods. Patients were divided into four groups for analysis of PAMG‐1 test performance as follows: CL < 15 mm (100%, 100%, 100%, 100% and 100%, 100%, 100%, 100% for 7 and 14 days, respectively); CL < 25 mm (100%, 94%, 83%, 100% and 100%, 97%, 92%, 100% for 7 and 14 days, respectively); CL of 15–30 mm (100%, 95%, 64%, 100% and 100%, 97%, 82%, 100% for 7 and 14 days, respectively); and CL ≥ 30 mm (100%, 100%, 100%, 100% and 100%, 100%, 100%, 100% for 7 and 14 days, respectively).ConclusionThe use of the PAMG‐1 test in patients with a CL of 15–30 mm is highly predictive of imminent spontaneous preterm delivery in women presenting with threatened PTL and could save hospital resources.
Determination of a lexicon for the sensory flavor attributes of smoked food products
Authors: Jaffe Taylor R. , Wang Hongwei , Chambers Edgar 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSmoking of food is one of the oldest methods of food preservation and still is used widely to help preserve foods such as ham, bacon, sausage, fish, and cheeses. Apart from its conservation function, the smoking process also has a considerable influence on the sensory characteristics of the products. A highly trained, skilled descriptive sensory panel identified, defined, and referenced 14 attributes related to the flavor of food products labeled as smoked or smoky. The panel evaluated sauces, meats, fish, cheeses, vegetables, and flavorings that are on the market in addition to samples that were smoked in‐house. Attributes attributed to the smoke flavor in each sample were written down and discussed. The list was narrowed to include only those attributes that were thought to be specifically related to the smoke flavor and not to the base notes of the product or other cooked/processed notes. The lexicon includes: Smoky (Overall), Ashy, Woody, Musty/Dusty, Musty/Earthy, Burnt, Acrid, Pungent, Petroleum‐Like, Creosote/Tar, Cedar, Bitter, Metallic, and Sour. Definitions of these attributes were written and references were found that anchor a 0–15 point scale. The references include market products, chemical solutions and commonly found non‐food products. This lexicon can be used to evaluate the smoke flavor on all types of food products.Practical applicationsThis research provides a list of sensory terms that can be used to describe the smoky flavor of products. The lexicon will help sensory analysts, product developers, researchers, and technologists better understand the flavor of products that have been naturally or artificially smoked to modify or improve the products.
Costly investment and complementarities in an international trade model with directed technological change
Authors: Afonso Óscar , Neves Pedro Cunha , Thompson Maria 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe investigate the impacts on the skill premium and on economic growth in an innovator‐imitator general equilibrium growth model assuming: (a) directed technological change; (b) international trade of intermediate goods; (c) internal costly investment in both physical capital and R&D; and (d) complementarities between intermediate goods in aggregate production. With trade of intermediate goods, the complementarities degree and investment costs influence the economic growth of both countries, but do not affect the countries' skill premia, which are directed by technological knowledge. Additionally, in agreement with related empirical literature, openness to trade of intermediate goods leads to a higher equilibrium skill premium in both countries, whereas its impact on the common growth rate can vary in sign.
Lactoferrin protects against intestinal inflammation and bacteria‐induced barrier dysfunction in vitro
Authors: Hering Nina A. , Luettig Julia , Krug Susanne M. , Wiegand Stephanie , Gross Gabriele , van Tol Eric A. , Schulzke Jörg D. , Rosenthal Rita 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe iron‐binding glycoprotein lactoferrin (LF) is naturally present in human breast milk. Several studies suggest that LF contributes to infant health and development owing to a variety of protective effects, including antimicrobial and anti‐inflammatory features. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate its protective properties on intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction induced by infection or inflammation using the human epithelial cell culture models HT‐29/B6 and T84. During barrier perturbation induced by the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), bovine LF restored tight junction (TJ) morphometry and inhibited TNF‐α–induced epithelial apoptosis. This resulted in an attenuation of the TNF‐α–induced decrease in transepithelial resistance (TER) and increases in permeability of fluorescein and FITC–dextran (4 kDa) and was as effective as the apoptosis inhibitor Q‐VD‐Oph. The enteropathogenic bacterium Yersinia enterocolitica is a frequent cause of diarrhea in early childhood. This involves focal changes in TJ protein expression and localization. LF diminished the Y. enterocolitica–induced drop in TER in the present in vitro model, which was paralleled by an inhibition of the Yersinia‐induced reduction of claudin‐8 expression via c‐Jun kinase signaling. In conclusion, LF exerts protective effects against inflammation‐ or infection‐induced barrier dysfunction in human intestinal cell lines, supporting its relevance for healthy infant development.
The patient perspective on remote monitoring of patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator: Narrative review and future directions
Authors: Timmermans Ivy , Meine Matias , Zitron Edgar , Widdershoven Jos , Kimman Geert , Prevot Sébastien , Rauwolf Thomas , Anselme Frédéric , Szendey Istvan , Romero Roldán Javier , Mabo Philippe , Schaer Beat , Denollet Johan , Versteeg Henneke 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundStudies have shown that remote patient monitoring (RPM) of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) is at least comparable to in‐clinic follow‐up with regard to clinical outcomes and might be cost‐effective, yet RPM is not standard clinical practice within Europe. Better insight into the patient perspective on RPM may aid in its acceptance, implementation, and reimbursement. This narrative review (1) summarizes existing evidence on the impact of RPM on patient‐reported outcomes and (2) discusses future directions in examining the patient perspective.Methods and ResultsLiterature review indicated that only five randomized trials on RPM in ICD patients included patient‐reported outcomes, with inconclusive results. Observational studies show a trend toward good patient satisfaction and acceptation of RPM. Yet, results should be interpreted with caution due to a number of limitations including a potential selection bias, use of generic/nonvalidated questionnaires, relatively short follow‐up durations, and a lack of subgroup identification.ConclusionAlthough RPM seems to be safe, effective, timely, and efficient, the patient perspective has received little attention so far. The scarce evidence on patient‐reported outcomes in RPM studies seems to be positive, but future trials with a follow‐up of ≥12 months and validated patient‐reported outcome measures are needed. The REMOTE‐CIED study from our group is the first prospective randomized controlled trial primarily designed to examine the patient perspective on RPM, and is powered to identify characteristics associated with RPM satisfaction and benefit. Results are expected in 2018 and will add valuable information to the current evidence.
Validation of a set of informative simple sequence repeats markers for variety identification in Pak‐choi (Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis var. communis)
Authors: Su Tongbing , Zhao Xiuyun , Sui Guanglei , Yu Shuancang , Zhang Fenglan , Wang Weihong , Zhang Deshuang , Yu Yangjun 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA core set of 21 simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers was developed for Pak‐choi (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis var. communis) variety identification. We initially selected 74 SSR markers which exhibited high polymorphism and reproducibility in SSR detection from 2129 SSRs. Using the 74 SSR‐based dendrogram for 45 inbred lines as calibration, 21 core SSRs were selected out. The utility of this core set SSRs was firstly tested in 45 inbred lines and finally verified in 102 commercial varieties. We also constructed a molecular ladder for each core SSR as a reference standard. Diversity analysis of this core SSR panel in 102 varieties demonstrated that each marker generates 2–3 alleles (averaged 2.33), with polymorphism information content values ranging from 0.01 to 0.56 (averaged 0.31). The averaged values of Shannon information index, observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity and Wright's fixation index were 0.59, 0.43, 0.38 and −0.09, respectively. Furthermore, the 21 SSR‐based classifications for 102 varieties were consistent with traditional classification based on morphology. This core SSR panel represents an effective tool for genetic variation analysis in Pak‐choi.
Successful treatment with placenta‐derived decidual stromal cells in a pediatric patient with life‐threatening acute gastrointestinal graft‐versus‐host disease
Authors: Gustafsson Britt , Frisk Per , Szakos Attilla , Sadeghi Behnam , Ringdén Olle , Frost Britt‐Marie 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSevere aGvHD is a life‐threatening complication after allogeneic HSCT. The GI tract is considered to play a key role in aGvHD, where the disease process can start and is one of the major target organs. Here, we present a case of a one‐year‐old child with a life‐threatening GI‐aGvHD stage IV, post‐HSCT, resistant to steroids and MMF for 4 weeks. He was successfully treated with placenta‐derived DSC.
Body mass index as a predictor of outcomes among pediatric kidney transplant recipient
Authors: Dick André A. S. , Hansen Ryan N. , Montenovo Martin I. , Healey Patrick J. , Smith Jodi M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractControversies exist regarding the impact of obesity on patients undergoing kidney transplantation. We sought to estimate the association between BMI and patient outcomes (survival and graft function) among pediatric kidney transplant patients in the USA. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the United Network for Organ Sharing database (1987‐2013), which revealed 13 014 pediatric patients (<18 years old) who underwent primary kidney transplantation. Patients were stratified into five BMI categories established by the World Health Organizations according to their Z score, which is based on age, gender and BMI. The −2, 0, and +2 categories were collapsed and served as the reference group, while the −3 (thin) and +3 (obese) categories were evaluated for differences in graft and patient survival. The survival rates between these categories were compared using the Kaplan‐Meier estimator. Cox proportional hazards models were constructed to adjust for recipient and donor characteristics to estimate the risk of graft loss and mortality associated with BMI. Logistic regression models were estimated to evaluate whether there was an association between BMI and DGF. There were no differences in overall patient (P=.1655) or graft (P=.1688) survival between the severely thin, normal, and obese patients. Adjusted models also revealed no statistically significant differences in graft or patient survival. There were no differences in the odds of DGF (both unadjusted and adjusted) among the three groups. The prevalence of obesity is increasing among children who present for kidney transplant in the USA. In this national study of pediatric kidney transplant recipients, there was no difference in graft or patient survival and no differences in rates of DGF among obese children compared to normal and underweight children undergoing kidney transplantation.
Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) 2014 World Cup Impact on Hospital‐Treated Suicide Attempt (Overdose) in Tehran
Authors: Hassanian‐Moghaddam Hossein , Ghorbani Fatemeh , Rahimi Afsaneh , Farahani Tayyebeh Farmahini , Sani Parvane Sadat Vafaei , Lewin Terry J. , Carter Gregory L. 
Published: June 2017

Social influences on suicidal behaviors may be important but are less frequently studied than the influences of mental illness, physical illness, and demographic variables. Major international sporting events may have an impact on suicidal behaviors at the national and local level, an effect possibly mediated by gender and age. We examined the association of hospital‐treated deliberate self‐poisoning episodes (by gender and by age) in Tehran: before, during, and after the 2014 FIFA World Cup held in Brazil, in which the Iranian national team participated and was eliminated after the pool games. We used a time series analysis within an autoregressive integrated moving average model and found a significant increase in hospital‐treated deliberate self‐poisoning during the 4‐week period of the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil in females but a nonsignificant increase in males. A significant increase was also seen in the youngest age group (12–20 years), but not in the two older age groups. If the effects of nonsuccess at major international sporting events could be shown to have a potential harmful effect on aggregate local or national rates of suicidal behaviors, the possibility of preventative interventions and preemptive additional service provision could be planned in advance of these events.
Maximising paediatricians’ roles in improving children’s oral health: lessons from Leicester
Authors: Murphy Jasmine , Moore Rod 
Published: June 2017

AimsTo provide an overview of steps taken to improve oral health in one UK city and to review factors relevant to maximising the contribution that paediatricians (and potentially other health professionals) can make to improving oral health.MethodsThe article provides information on the strategic approach taken in Leicester, one of the most ethnically diverse cities in England, and also one of the most deprived. Over a third of children aged 3 years, and half of those aged 5 years, have experience of obvious dental decay. The collaborative strategic approach taken includes implementing a comprehensive evidence-based early intervention programme from birth (Healthy Teeth, Happy Smiles!) and a focus on professional education and engagement. In order to ensure sustainability and further improvement, wider engagement with paediatricians and other primary care providers is essential and is increasingly recognised by professional bodies.Literature relevant to the factors which inhibit engagement with paediatricians and others is reviewed and highlights issues of knowledge and competency, policies and guidelines, time and capacity and referral and access.ConclusionChildren’s oral health in England has improved over the last 30 years, but inequalities persist, with those living in areas of higher deprivation experiencing a substantially higher burden of dental disease. The article highlights several potential barriers which can be reduced. Collaboration is encouraged between medical and dental professionals as well as commissioners and providers at both the national and local level in order for oral health to be fully integrated within general health. Such collaboration requires appropriate leadership in order to develop policies that support curriculum changes, drive the implementation of associated guidelines, design integrated healthcare service provision and develop the partnership relationships to support this work.
A retrospective study on the incidence of post-cataract surgery Descemet’s membrane detachment and outcome of air descemetopexy
Authors: Odayappan Annamalai , Shivananda Narayana , Ramakrishnan Seema , Krishnan Tiruvengada , Nachiappan Sivagami , Krishnamurthy Smitha 
Published: June 2017

PurposeTo study the anatomic and functional outcome of air descemetopexy in postcataract surgery Descemet’s membrane detachment (DMD).DesignRetrospective study.MethodsSetting: Institutional.Study population: Records of 112 patients who underwent air descemetopexy for postcataract surgery sight-threatening DMD at Aravind Eye Hospital, Pondicherry, between January 2013 and December 2015 were studied.Main outcome measures: Anatomical outcome refers to reattachment of the Descemet’s membrane (DM). Functional outcome was given by the best-corrected visual acuity.ResultsThe mean age was 66.47±8.46 (SD) years, the male to female ratio was 45:67. The incidence of DMD was more in extracapsular cataract extraction (0.26%) and manual small incision cataract surgery (0.11%) than phacoemulsification (0.04%) (p=0.005 and p<0.0001). DMD was more common among surgical trainees (0.17%) than consultants (0.07%) (p≤0.0001). After primary air descemetopexy, 78 (71%) out of the 110 patients had DM reattachment. The complications noted after descemetopexy include persistent DMD (21.8%), corneal decompensation (7.3%), appositional angle closure (18%), pupillary block with air (2.7%) and uveitis (2.7%). Age, sex and timing of intervention did not influence the reattachment rate. Fifteen patients underwent repeat air descemetopexy for persistent DMD among whom nine (60%) had successful reattachment. Almost 75% of patients had vision better than 6/18 1 month after anatomically successful descemetopexy.ConclusionAir descemetopexy is a safe and efficient modality of treatment of DMD and should be tried even in patients with severe DMD before planning a major surgery like endothelial keratoplasty.