bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Legal Counseling and the Marriage Decision: The Impact of Same‐Sex Marriage on Family Law Practice
Authors: Baumle Amanda K. 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveTo examine the role of family law attorneys in providing counsel regarding the legal rights, vulnerabilities, and implications of marriage for their lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) clients.BackgroundAlthough the acquisition of state and federal marital rights could result in a convergence of practice experiences for family lawyers representing LGBT and heterosexual clients, the contentious legal history surrounding LGBT individuals could continue to produce different client demands surrounding marriage.MethodThis study draws on in‐depth interviews with 21 family law attorneys with LGBT clients.ResultsParticipants attributed the demand for legal counseling about the marriage decision to a lack of socialization into marriage and uncertainty and skepticism regarding the permanence of legal changes. They indicated requests for legal counseling varied by age cohort and by the legal and sociopolitical context in which clients were nested.ConclusionThe practice of family lawyers has been responsive to rapid legal and cultural shifts for LGBT individuals and their families, resulting in the emergence of new foci of legal counseling surrounding the marriage decision.ImplicationsFamily lawyers might consider a more concerted effort to offer legal counseling about the marriage decision, particularly for older LGBT clients, those living in negative sociopolitical environments, and different‐sex couples.
Sneezing in Primary Headaches With Cranial Autonomic Symptoms: Pathophysiological Considerations. A Series of Case Reports
Authors: Redon Sylvain , Donnet Anne 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveTo report a case series of sneezing systematically occurring in two cases with migraine and cranial autonomic symptoms and two with cluster headache.BackgroundSneezing occurring systematically during cluster headache or migraine is a rare condition. Sneezing has been described as a specific trigger for migraine.MethodsCase reports.Case seriesWe describe four patients with primary headaches, presenting systematic sneezing at a definite time of premonitory, postdromal, or headache phase. All of these headaches were associated with cranial autonomic symptoms.ConclusionSneezing is a symptom associated with primary headaches. The definite place of sneezing in these patients suggests a particular implication of hypothalamus in the pathophysiology of these cases.
Usefulness of virtual touch quantification for staging liver fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C, and factors affecting liver stiffness measurement failure compared with liver biopsy
Authors: Tsukano Natsumi , Miyase Shiho , Saeki Tatsuhiko , Mizobe Keiko , Iwashita Hirofumi , Arima Nobuyuki , Fujiyama Shigetoshi 
Published: December 2017

AimThe assessment of liver fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C is important to predict carcinogenesis. In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of virtual touch quantification (VTQ) for staging liver fibrosis, and investigated factors causing discrepancies between the estimated fibrosis stage using VTQ and the pathological fibrosis stage.MethodsPatients with hepatitis C (n = 302) were assessed using VTQ and underwent pathological liver investigation within 1 week before and after VTQ. A receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was obtained for VTQ, fibrosis‐4 (FIB‐4) index, and aspartate aminotransferase‐to‐platelet ratio index (APRI), and each area under the ROC curve (AUROC) was compared to predict fibrosis stage. We used univariate and multivariate analyses to investigate the factors related to the discrepancy between the estimated fibrosis stage using VTQ and the pathological fibrosis stage.ResultsAt any stage, VTQ was the most accurate for staging liver fibrosis. The VTQ cut‐off values were 1.33 m/s (AUROC = 0.822) for ≥F2, 1.51 m/s (AUROC = 0.836) for ≥F3, and 1.92 m/s (AUROC = 0.890) for F4. Skin liver capsule distance (SCD) was the most relevant factor for the discrepancy between the estimated fibrosis stage using VTQ and the pathological fibrosis stage. The SCD cut‐off value was 17.5 mm.ConclusionsVirtual touch quantification is a non‐invasive, simple method that is more accurate for staging liver fibrosis than the FIB‐4 index and APRI. However, when the SCD is longer than 17.5 mm, there may be measurement failures.
Effects of a music‐creation programme on the anxiety, self‐esteem, and quality of life of people with severe mental illness: A quasi‐experimental design
Authors: Chang Beh‐Huan , Chen Bo‐Wei , Beckstead Jason W. , Yang Chiu‐Yueh 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMany studies have shown that music therapy improves patients' symptoms. However, interventions using music creation as their core await further development for patients with severe mental illness (SMI). The current study investigated the effect of a music‐creation programme on the anxiety, self‐esteem, and quality of life of patients with SMI. A quasi‐experimental design using convenience sampling was adopted to recruit patients with SMI from a psychiatric day care centre. Participants were grouped based on their willingness to undergo an intervention (26 patients in the experimental group and 23 patients in the control group). The control groups participated in conventional mental rehabilitation therapy activities. The experimental group participated in a music‐creation session for 90 min every week over a 32‐week period. The outcome indicators before and after the intervention were assessed using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM‐A), Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale (RSES), and World Health Organization Quality of Life‐BREF (WHOQOL‐BREF). Finally, the intervention effect was determined using generalized estimating equations (GEEs). After 32 weeks of intervention activities, the experimental group showed significant improvements in their HAM‐A total scores (P < 0.001) and RSES total scores (P = 0.005). Regarding quality of life, the improvements of the experimental group in terms of the psychological (P = 0.016) and social relationship domains (P = 0.033) were superior to those of the control group. Music‐creation programmes are recommended for inclusion in the routine rehabilitation activities of patients with SMI.
The effects of stress on reactions in the Earth: Sometimes rather mean, usually normal, always important
Authors: Wheeler John 
Published: December 2017

AbstractStress affects chemical processes on all scales in the Earth but the magnitude of its effect is debated. Here, I give a new synthesis of the theory that describes the effects of stress on chemistry, elaborating upon work in Materials Science which is built from fundamental thermodynamic laws, and show its significance in Earth Science. There are separate but compatible relationships describing what happens (1) at interfaces and (2) within grains. (1) The main chemical effects of stress in the Earth are due to variations in normal stress along grain interfaces and between interfaces with different orientations. For reactions involving diffusion these variations give effects on mineral stability broadly equivalent to pressure changes of (molar volume)/(molar volume change during reaction) × (stress variation). The volume ratio is generally large and so the effects of normal stress variations are always important since all stressed rocks have interfaces supporting different normal stresses. There is no global chemical equilibrium in a stressed system, so reaction kinetics contribute to ongoing evolution until stresses relax: this evolution can include deformation by diffusion creep and pressure solution, possibly with new mineral growth. These effects are relevant for predicting the conditions for reactions involving fluids, such as serpentinite formation and breakdown (relevant for the Earth's volatile cycles) and for other reactions such as ringwoodite breakdown (relevant for understanding the 660 km mantle discontinuity). (2) Within stressed solid solution grains it is not possible to define chemical potentials of all chemical components since one has to be specified as “immobile.” The chemical potential of a “mobile” component such as an exchange vector can be defined. It depends on the “partial molar strain,” a second rank tensor defining the variation in unit cell geometry with composition. In cubic crystals the partial molar strain is isotropic and the chemical potential of a mobile component depends on mean stress. In other crystal systems the partial molar strain is anisotropic and the chemical potential depends on a “weighted” mean stress; orientation as well as magnitude of stress has an influence. I propose “chemical palaeopiezometry”—the possibility of measuring past stress levels via chemistry. Examples show that stress variations in hundreds of MPa to GPa are required to produce 2% variations in composition but high stresses and/or precise chemical analyses will allow this proposal to be tested. High stresses around inclusions and dislocations could be targeted. So, the weighted mean stress inside grains has an effect which is relatively minor although potentially valuable in explaining chemical variations; the normal stress at interfaces plays the main role in chemical processes and its effects are of significant magnitude.
Weber's secret admirer in the Caucasus: Saakashvili and the nationalisation of Georgia's Armenian and Azeri borderlands
Authors: Berglund Christofer 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAfter the 2003 Rose Revolution, the Georgian government strove to integrate its disaffected Armenian and Azeri minorities, settled in southern Georgia across the border from their kin states. This article sheds novel light on this nationalisation drive. It argues that the centre's nation‐building entrepreneurs – the Mississippdaleulni – laboured to spur minorities in the ethnic enclaves first to interact with the heartland and then to adapt to its language. Officials invested in infrastructure and extended the state's clout into the borderlands so as to foster inter‐ethnic contacts. In tandem, the authorities promoted the Georgian language in the civil service, demoted the Russian tongue, and acculturated pupils to the state language. This nationalisation drive, I conclude, drew upon the same set of tools that Eugen Weber recorded French authorities as using in the opposite corner of Europe centuries ago.
Association between end‐stage diabetic nephropathy and MTHFR (C677T and A1298C) gene polymorphisms
Authors: Ramanathan Gnanasambandan , Harichandana Bollimpalli , Kannan Suresh , Elumalai Ramprasad , SFD Paul 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTAimMethylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a regulatory enzyme of homocysteine metabolism. The C677T and A1298C polymorphism of the MTHFR gene has been reported to be associated with elevated plasma homocysteine in patients with Diabetic nephropathy. This study aimed to investigate the influence of the C677T and A1298C polymorphisms on the progression chronic kidney disease in diabetic nephropathy of south Indian population.MethodsWe genotyped 145 DN cases and 100 controls for the C677T and A1298C polymorphisms using PCR‐RFLP based protocols, and all diabetic nephropathy cases divided into two groups based on CKD stages: 60 DN cases were early stage (CKD1 to CKD3) and 85 DN cases were advanced stage (CKD4 and CKD5). Association χ2 and univariate analysis were performed.ResultsThe C677T (OR = 4.2; 95% CI = 2.31–7.64 and P = 0.001) and A1298C (OR = 2.8; 95% CI = 1.05–7.57 and P = 0.033) polymorphism was shown that the significant association between the cases and control. Furthermore, the MTHFR gene polymorphism C677T (OR = 2.48; 95% CI = 1.25–4.9 and P = 0.008) was observed that the significant contribution of the progression of CKD in DN.ConclusionThese findings suggest that the C677T and A1298C polymorphism of MTHFR gene was associated with diabetic nephropathy in a south Indian population. Furthermore, the present study provides evidence that the C677T polymorphism was associated with CKD progression in DN.
The Realization of Qualia, Persons, and Artifacts
Authors: White Ben 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis article argues that standard causal and functionalist definitions of realization fail to account for the realization of entities that cannot be individuated in causal or functional terms. By modifying such definitions to require that realizers also logically suffice for any historical properties of the entities they realize, one can provide for the realization of entities whose resistance to causal/functional individuation stems from their possession of individuative historical properties. But if qualia cannot be causally or functionally individuated, then qualia can be physically realized only if the thesis that all things are physical or physically realized is insufficient for physicalism.
Detection of Neuropathic Pain in End‐Stage Cancer Patients: Diagnostic Accuracy of Two Questionnaires
Authors: Tzamakou Eleftheria , Petrou Anastasios , Tefa Louiza , Siafaka Vassiliki , Laou Eleni , Tzimas Petros , Pentheroudakis Georgios , Papadopoulos Georgios 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIntroductionNeuropathic pain is a frequent consequence of cancer pain. Quite often, in the end stage, it is difficult to discern its presence and delineate its characteristics in the context of painful cancer complications. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the Douleur Neuropathique en 4 Questions (DN4) and painDETECT questionnaires, which were translated to the patient's native language, for the diagnosis of peripheral neuropathic pain in oncology patients.MethodsEnd‐stage cancer patients who presented to the outpatient pain clinic were prospectively followed. At presentation, all patients completed the DN4 and painDETECT questionnaires, which had been translated to their native language, and the output was compared to the pain specialist's diagnosis of the neuropathic or non‐neuropathic nature of the pain, which was considered as the gold standard. The diagnostic accuracy of both questionnaires was tested with receiver operating characteristic curves plotted from the data collected.ResultsNinety patients (48.5% of 185 in total) presented with severe pain. Seventy‐six had neuropathic pain (41.1%) and 109 had non‐neuropathic pain. Of those with neuropathic pain, most had a mixed pain (bone or visceral in addition to neuropathic pain). The DN4 questionnaire had a sensitivity of 71.1% and a specificity of 88.7% in detecting neuropathic pain, with a cutoff value of ≥ 4, while the painDETECT questionnaire had a sensitivity of 26.3% and a specificity of 100%, with a cutoff value of ≥ 19.ConclusionAt standard cutoff values, the DN4 and painDETECT questionnaires, despite having been translated to the patient's native language, failed to adequately discriminate between neuropathic and non‐neuropathic pain in our end‐stage cancer patients.
Callose and β‐1,3‐glucanase inhibit Phytophthora cinnamomi in a resistant avocado rootstock
Authors: van den Berg N. , Christie J. B. , Aveling T. A. S. , Engelbrecht J. 
Published: December 2017

Phytophthora root rot (PRR) of avocado, caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi, is a significant threat to sustainable production wherever the crop is grown. Resistant rootstocks in combination with phosphite applications are the most effective options for managing this disease. Recently, the mechanisms underpinning PRR resistance have been investigated by the avocado community. Here, biochemical assays and confocal and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate early defence responses in PRR resistant and ‐susceptible avocado rootstocks. Zoospore germination and subsequent hyphal growth for the pathogen were significantly inhibited on the surface of resistant avocado roots. When penetration occurred in the resistant R0.06 rootstock, callose was deposited in the epidermal cells, parenchyma and cortex of roots. In addition, β‐1,3‐glucanase was released early (6 h post‐inoculation, hpi) in response to the pathogen, followed by a significant increase in catalase by 24 hpi. In contrast, susceptible R0.12 roots responded only with the deposition of lignin and phenolic compounds incapable of impeding pathogen colonization. In this study, PRR resistance was attributed to a timely multilayered response to infection by P. cinnamomi.
Brain reflections: A circuit‐based framework for understanding information processing and cognitive control
Authors: Gratton Gabriele 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHere, I propose a view of the architecture of the human information processing system, and of how it can be adapted to changing task demands (which is the hallmark of cognitive control). This view is informed by an interpretation of brain activity as reflecting the excitability level of neural representations, encoding not only stimuli and temporal contexts, but also action plans and task goals. The proposed cognitive architecture includes three types of circuits: open circuits, involved in feed‐forward processing such as that connecting stimuli with responses and characterized by brief, transient brain activity; and two types of closed circuits, positive feedback circuits (characterized by sustained, high‐frequency oscillatory activity), which help select and maintain representations, and negative feedback circuits (characterized by brief, low‐frequency oscillatory bursts), which are instead associated with changes in representations. Feed‐forward activity is primarily responsible for the spread of activation along the information processing system. Oscillatory activity, instead, controls this spread. Sustained oscillatory activity due to both local cortical circuits (gamma) and longer corticothalamic circuits (alpha and beta) allows for the selection of individuated representations. Through the interaction of these circuits, it also allows for the preservation of representations across different temporal spans (sensory and working memory) and their spread across the brain. In contrast, brief bursts of oscillatory activity, generated by novel and/or conflicting information, lead to the interruption of sustained oscillatory activity and promote the generation of new representations. I discuss how this framework can account for a number of psychological and behavioral phenomena.
Masking exposure to phobic stimuli reduces fear without inducing electrodermal activity
Authors: Siegel Paul , Warren Richard , Jacobson Gabriella , Merritt Edward 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA series of experiments has shown that limiting awareness of exposure to feared stimuli through visual masking—or very brief exposure (VBE)—reduces avoidance of a live tarantula by spider‐phobic participants. We investigated this process of fear reduction by directly relating the effects of VBE on electrodermal activity to its ensuing effects on phobic behavior. Sixty spider‐phobic participants, identified by approaching a live tarantula and a questionnaire, were administered either VBE to masked spiders or control exposure to masked flowers. Skin conductance levels (SCLs) were continuously recorded during exposure. The participants approached the tarantula again immediately thereafter. VBE reduced avoidance of the tarantula and did not increase SCLs or cause subjective distress relative to control exposure. SCL increases during VBE were strongly negatively correlated with the reduction of self‐reported fear of the tarantula: the less that SCLs increased during VBE, the more it reduced fear. VBE only increased SCLs in participants whose fear was not reduced; it did not increase SCLs in participants whose fear of the tarantula was reduced. Awareness of the stimuli did not mediate these effects. Control exposure did not yield any of these effects. In a second experiment, clearly visible exposure to spider images increased SCLs and subjective distress more than both VBE and control exposure, whereas VBE did not increase SCLs or subjective distress relative to control exposure within the same spider‐phobic participants. These findings suggest that exposure to phobic images can reduce fear even when it bypasses the induction of electrodermal activity.
Automatizing the comparison of NMR depth profiles
Authors: Rehorn C. , Kehlet C. , Del Federico E. , Zia W. , Meldrum T. , Blümich B. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA MATLAB‐based graphical user interface for simplified comparisons of nuclear magnetic resonance depth profiles or other 1‐dimensional datasets was developed. It allows for the application and combination of 3 statistical methods for computing and visualising similarities. The methods included in the program are principal component analysis, linear discriminant analysis, and dynamic time warping. The toolkit was utilised to analyse affinity and differences between depth profiles of ancient Roman wall paintings on stratified mortar backings. Whereas principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis serve to characterise similarities in a single class or multiple classes, respectively, differences in mortar‐layer thickness can be corrected with the help of dynamic time warping.
Accumulation of the coumarin scopolin under abiotic stress conditions is mediated by the Arabidopsis thaliana THO/TREX complex
Authors: Döll Stefanie , Kuhlmann Markus , Rutten Twan , Mette Michael F. , Scharfenberg Sarah , Petridis Antonios , Berreth Dorothee‐Carina , Mock Hans‐Peter 
Published: December 2017

SummarySecondary metabolites are involved in the plant stress response. Among these are scopolin and its active form scopoletin, which are coumarin derivatives associated with reactive oxygen species scavenging and pathogen defence. Here we show that scopolin accumulation can be induced in the root by osmotic stress and in the leaf by low‐temperature stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. A genetic screen for altered scopolin levels in A. thaliana revealed a mutant compromised in scopolin accumulation in response to stress; the lesion was present in a homologue of THO1 coding for a subunit of the THO/TREX complex. The THO/TREX complex contributes to RNA silencing, supposedly by trafficking precursors of small RNAs. Mutants defective in THO, AGO1, SDS3 and RDR6 were impaired with respect to scopolin accumulation in response to stress, suggesting a mechanism based on RNA silencing such as the trans‐acting small interfering RNA pathway, which requires THO/TREX function.
Truenos: ruidos, sonidos y modos de escucha en la creación sonora
Authors: Bejarano Calvo Carlos Mauricio 
Published: December 2017

<p>A partir de una práctica artística personal con el sonido del trueno en los campos de la música concreta y el arte sonoro este texto presenta una interpretación libre en torno a este fenómeno atmosférico que acompaña a la humanidad a largo de su existencia. El trueno siempre ha estado presente en la vida cotidiana como un hecho contundente que marca dramáticamente el paisaje. Es asociado a los poderes de la creación del mundo y en prácticamente todas las mitologías y religiones existen deidades portadores de sus poderes con diversos rituales que lo ponen en escena para reivindicar sus potenciales. En este texto se abordan ejemplos del campo del arte que han trabajado con el sonido del trueno como el teatro, el arte sonoro y las músicas experimentales y se exalta el deseo y el gusto de crear y experimentar con esta compleja, potente y significativa materialidad sonora.</p><p> </p><p>Participación: dossier.</p>