bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case report: the importance of careful planning for orthodontic extractions
Authors: Leck Richard , Johar Ushmita , Farr David 
Published: August 2017

This case describes the root resorption of a maxillary first molar due to an impacted maxillary second premolar tooth. The impacted second premolar tooth was surgically removed leaving a compromised first molar tooth. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This case demonstrates the importance of thorough assessment of impacted teeth prior to planned orthodontic extraction. It shows that unerupted maxillary premolar teeth have the potential to damage the permanent molar teeth by resorbing the roots. It is especially important to consider this as a potential complication when extracting teeth for orthodontic purposes.
‘Welcome to the jungle’: Content creators and fan entitlement in the furry fandom
Authors: Plante Courtney N. , Reysen Stephen , Roberts Sharon , Gerbasi Kathleen 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
In the present research, we examined fan entitlement among members of the furry fandom – a group of people with a shared interest in media and activities that feature anthropomorphic animals (animals given human-like features). We surveyed both fans and content creators in the fandom, which allowed us to test several predictors of fan entitlement (e.g., stigmatization, age) and the relationship between fan entitlement and perceptions of fan entitlement among artists. The results are then contextualized within well-known psychological processes (e.g., the availability heuristic), laying the groundwork for future research on the processes underlying fan entitlement and its effects. Implications of the results are discussed for three different bodies of research: research on the furry fandom specifically, research on fan entitlement more broadly, and research on fan/creator relationships in general.
Descrição do Comportamento das velocidades máximas mensais do vento utilizando o WRF-ARW
Authors: Franco Ignacio , Gutierrez Alejandro , Cataldo José 
Published: August 2017

Este artigo tem como objetivo caracterizar de forma mensal as velocidades máximas do vento para alturas acima de dez metros. Considerando a ausência de medições disponíveis para tais alturas, foi utilizado o modelo WRF e uma base de dados CFSR como entrada para o modelo, sendo uma forma alternativa, onde foram realizados um pré- processamento, execuçãoe pós-processamento dos dados simulados para o período compreendido entre os anos 1979 a 2015. Para ajustar os dados de saída do modelo WRF, foram utilizados dados de torres de três diferentes localizações, sendo fornecidos os mesmo pela companhia de energia elétrica UTE, onde de posse dos mesmos foi possível ajustar no pós-processamento os dados históricos de velocidade do vento para as torres consideradas. Com a metodologia descrita é possível gerar dados históricos dos locais que não possuem informações de medições, desenvolvendo neste processo uma ferramenta que pode ser usada por qualquer usuário para gerar informações históricas de grandes períodos a partir dos dados CFSR, usando o modelo WRF e um período recente de dados históricos medidos in situ.
Legal Research on the Abuse of Patent Litigation and the Defensive Measures for the Japanese and Taiwanese IT Industry
Authors: Jenweeranon Pawee 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The patent assertion entity (PAE) which known as “the world, particularly severe impact in the US Specifically, in 2013, the report entitled “Patent Assertion and US Innovation” issued by the National Economic Council and Council of Economic Advisers of the US clearly reflected the significant harm of patent assertion toward the economic development of the country. Moreover, the Congress of the United States planned to reconsider the Innovation Act for combating PAEs at the beginning of May. The ongoing discussion in the Congress implies that analyzing the 2015 proposed Innovation Act is important for finding appropriate solutions to solve the remaining problem regarding the abuse of patent litigation in the US, specifically, Patent Trolling activity costs the US economy billions of dollars per year. The IT industry is the main target of patent trollers, briefly, due to the standard for considering the eligibility criteria for a software patent is still weak. Admittedly, many legal scholars believe that the proposed bill will be the significant tool for solving the abuse of patent litigation. For this reason, this research will analyze the major provisions in the proposed bill. Additionally, related cases in the US also will be addressed in this research, for instance, the case between Octane Fitness, LLC and ICON Health & Fitness, Inc. which will be discussed herein. This paper will define the concept of the patent assertion or patent troll and examine the relationship with IT industry. The paper will then clarify the significant role of the Innovation Act 2015 in the patent assertion. Further, this thesis will compare the major provisions of the Innovation Bill 2015 by separating into five main issues with the regulatory framework in Japan and Taiwan, study the rules which were laid down in the landmark cases to understand the court interpretation and propose the suggestion for selected countries to address aforementioned problem. In other words, an analysis of the Patent Assertion Entities situation in Japan and Taiwan will be conducted focusing on the regulatory framework for preventing patent troll and its activities because Japanese and Taiwanese IT Industry normally be targeted by foreign patent trollers. This situation led to the defensive measures issued by the Japanese and Taiwanese government which will be addressed in this paper. A comparative study of the Innovation bill and the domestic laws of Taiwan, Japan, and related factors will be analyzed herein.
Contamination of dried blood spots – an underestimated risk in newborn screening
Authors: Winter Theresa , Lange Anja , Hannemann Anke , Nauck Matthias , Müller Cornelia 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackground:Newborn screening (NBS) is an established screening procedure in many countries worldwide, aiming at the early detection of inborn errors of metabolism. For decades, dried blood spots have been the standard specimen for NBS. The procedure of blood collection is well described and standardized and includes many critical pre-analytical steps. We examined the impact of contamination of some anticipated common substances on NBS results obtained from dry spot samples. This possible pre-analytical source of uncertainty has been poorly examined in the past.Methods:Capillary blood was obtained from 15 adult volunteers and applied to 10 screening filter papers per volunteer. Nine filter papers were contaminated without visible trace. The contaminants were baby diaper rash cream, baby wet wipes, disinfectant, liquid infant formula, liquid infant formula hypoallergenic (HA), ultrasonic gel, breast milk, feces, and urine. The differences between control and contaminated samples were evaluated for 45 NBS quantities. We estimated if the contaminations might lead to false-positive NBS results.Results:Eight of nine investigated contaminants significantly altered NBS analyte concentrations and potentially caused false-positive screening outcomes. A contamination with feces was most influential, affecting 24 of 45 tested analytes followed by liquid infant formula (HA) and urine, affecting 19 and 13 of 45 analytes, respectively.Conclusions:A contamination of filter paper samples can have a substantial effect on the NBS results. Our results underline the importance of good pre-analytical training to make the staff aware of the threat and ensure reliable screening results.
Gender and Urban Aspirations: The Case of Highly Educated Uyghur Women in Shanghai
Authors: Tursun Sajide 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn spite of the growing attention given to minority Uyghurs in China, there has been little focus on gender issues in relation to the Uyghur migration to inland cities since the 1980s. Based on fifteen months of ethnographic research from 2012 to 2013, this article focuses on the lifeworlds of highly educated Uyghur women and their aspirations in the megacity of Shanghai. A combination of local gender norms, patriarchal Islamic ideologies, and state policies that aim to promote the emancipation of women have influenced the current status, conditions, and gendered identities of Uyghur women. Added to these are the shifting demands of an environment marked by rapid socioeconomic change in urban China that sees Uyghur women on the move. Tracing the migration story of Uyghur women through a case study of Xumar, a woman who pursued university education and then worked in Shanghai, I demonstrate the dilemma of staying or returning with which they constantly wrestle as they attempt to balance the normative Uyghur cultural values and their experiences of urbanism and cosmopolitanism in Shanghai. These factors all inform their understandings of what it means to be a Uyghur woman. Looking at the shifting ideas of gender among highly educated Uyghur women, this research contributes to understanding changes of Uyghur identity in relation to migration on the one hand, and reflects the ambivalence and complexity of Uyghur migration experiences on the other. Personal narratives of migrant Uyghur women shed light on the subtleties of the gender roles, arguments for and against returning home, and their later resignation to (arranged) marriages. The migration experiences gained by the women offer them a better understanding of themselves and of the demands and expectations of their cultural heritage. The urban aspirations of highly educated Uyghur women, this article argues, are produced by structural, cultural, and social factors that rely on dominant discourses of migration, minority, gender, age, class, and place.
Transcriptomic analysis of juvenile wood formation during the growing season in Pinus canariensis
Authors: Chano Víctor , López de Heredia Unai , Collada Carmen , Soto Álvaro 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
A noticeable proportion of low transcribed genes involved in wood formation in conifers may have been missed in previous transcriptomic studies. This could be the case for genes related to less abundant cell types, such as axial parenchyma and resin ducts, and genes related to juvenile wood. In this study, two normalized libraries have been obtained from the cambial zone of young individuals of Pinus canariensis C. Sm. ex DC, a species in which such cells are comparatively abundant. These two libraries cover earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW) differentiation, and reads have been de novo meta-assembled into one transcriptome. A high number of previously undescribed genes have been found. The transcriptional profiles during the growing season have been analyzed and several noticeable differences with respect to previous studies have been found. This work contributes to a more complete picture of wood formation in conifers. The genes and their transcription profiles described here provide a useful molecular tool for further studies focused on relevant developmental issues, such as wound response and the formation of traumatic wood, re-sprouting, etc., presumably related to those cells.
Intuition and managerial decision-making
Authors: Gigalová Veronika 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The study examines new possibilities for recognising and understanding intuitive managerial decision-making, which is increasingly discussed in relation to the theory of management. Managers make decisions in organisations which have been undergoing transformation related to societal changes. Managerial decision-making is still understood as a purely rational action. Let us suppose that managers are able to entirely rationally calculate inputs and outputs, or the consequences, of their actions, and always do so to achieve set goals. Managers are expected to decide quickly, and this increases the probability of errors occurring. Therefore, intuition derived from knowledge, experience and emotions is now taking precedence over rationality.
What is the public perception of what it means to be a good citizen? Empirical evidence from Slovakia
Authors: Gyárfášová Oľga 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The study analyses the public perception of citizenship in Slovakia using empirical findings from the ISSP sociological survey. The paper conceptualizes the important features of citizenship, identifying three factors constituting the public’s perception of citizenship. It is a perception that is relatively stable in time and informed more by the legal dimension of citizenship than the participatory one. In this respect the empirical findings do not support the theoretical assumptions usually associated with citizenship research that highlight active, participatory citizenship. The study also analyses how citizenship relates to national pride. The author finds that the normative understanding of “a good citizen” is only very loosely related to the perception of national pride.
The “false” debate between positivism andVerstehenin the origins of sociology
Authors: de la Rosa Francisco Javier Ullan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe article revisits the debate between the positivists and non-positivists currents in sociology in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, concluding that it is actually a false debate, due to the fact that, beyond their differences, both shared some of the basic principles of the paradigm of modernity. From this historical analysis the article seeks to draw lessons for the social sciences in the present, at a time when these seem to have reached a certain synthesis between the modern and postmodern epistemologies. The article shows us that such a synthesis was already prefigured in the writing of classical theorists as it is, in fact, an ineluctable structural law of science itself if it wants to escape from the trap of skepticism and epistemological nihilism. The article also explores how, as a consequence of the pervasiveness of the modern paradigm, a common ethnocentric bias can be traced in all the fathers of sociology and wonders whether sociology today has actually got rid of this problem.
Healthcare seeking behaviour of students living on their own compared to those living in the parental home: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hof Samuel N. , Messoussi Ilyes , Schuijt Michiel T.U. , de Goeij Moniek C.M. , Kunst Anton E. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to investigate differences in healthcare seeking behaviour and barriers between students living in the parental home and those living on their own.

Participants
Five hundred and six second year students of the University of Amsterdam (UvA), interviewed in March and April 2015.

Methods
In a paper-and-pencil survey, questions were asked about the students’ healthcare seeking behaviour and barriers. Differences according to residency were analysed with χ2-tests and regression models.

Results
The frequency of healthcare seeking behaviour varied according to residency, but none of the differences were statistically significant. Yet, a proportion of students living on their own visited primary healthcare providers less often after they changed residency (23.7% for general practitioner and 41.8% for dentist). Travel distance and lack of time were most often mentioned as barriers to students living on their own.

Conclusion
The barriers implicate the importance of encouraging students living on their own to switch to a new general practitioner or dentist.
Blood, joy and tears: menarche narratives of undergraduate females in a selected in Nigeria Private University
Authors: Adegbayi Adenike 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The aim of the study is to add to the body of knowledge on less researched aspects of female adolescent health in Nigeria. It specifically explored the menarche or first period narratives of 136 young women, focusing on the contents of the discussion that ensued with whom they told when they first got their period using qualitative methodology. It also explores sources of premenstrual information and how the menstrual period is managed. The sample consisted of 136 undergraduate females in Redeemer’s University, Ede, Nigeria. Almost all of the respondents (95%) received information about menstruation from mothers, female relatives and school lessons prior to menarche. The majority of the respondents first told either their mother or a female relative when they first got their period and viewed menarche as a crisis. Two salient themes emerged from the contents of the narratives; celebration and advice. The advice theme was further explored and three advice patterns were identified: being a woman, hygiene and changed dynamics in relationships with males. Data from the present study suggests that only certain aspects of the menstruation discourse have evolved. All respondents reported using sanitary towels during their menstrual period with the majority experiencing cramps regularly and (61%) using pharmalogical agents for remedy. It is envisaged that findings from the study will be useful in future health intervention programmes and research on female adolescent health in Nigeria and elsewhere.
A picture of Indian adolescent mental health: an analysis from three urban secondary schools
Authors: Long Katelyn N.G. , Gren Lisa H. , Long Paul M. , Jaggi Rachel , Banik Srabani , Mihalopoulos Nicole L. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPurposeMental health disorders are a pressing issue among adolescents around the world, including in India. A better understanding of the factors related to poor mental health will allow for more effective and targeted interventions for Indian adolescents.MethodsThe Indian Adolescent Health Questionnaire (IAHQ), a validated questionnaire designed specifically for use in schools, was administered to approximately 1500 secondary students in three private urban Indian schools in 2012. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) module assessed mental health. Linear regression was used to predict SDQ scores. The biopsychosocial framework was used as an organizing framework to understand how each explanatory variable in the final model might impact the SDQ score.ResultsOne thousand four hundred and eight students returned IAHQ surveys (93.9% response rate); 1102 students completed questions for inclusion in the regression model (78.3% inclusion rate). Statistically significant (p < 0.05) independent variables associated with SDQ scores were gender, level of overall health, negative peer pressure, insults from peers, kindness of peers, feeling safe at home, at school, or with friends, and grades.DiscussionSchools have a role to play in improving adolescent mental health. Many of the significant variables in our study can be addressed in the school environment through school-wide, long-term programs utilizing teachers and lay counselors. The IAHQ and SDQ can be used by schools to identify factors that contribute to poor mental health among students and then develop targeted programs to support improved mental health.
The diurnal pattern of salivary IL-1β in healthy young adults
Authors: Ghazali Nur Basirah , Steele Michael , Koh David , Idris Adi 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Disruption in circadian rhythm affects the production of inflammatory cytokines. Understanding how it behaves in diseased conditions is essential. Despite the role of the interleukin-1β (IL-1β), a potent inflammatory cytokine, in human diseases, little is known about the steady-state circadian rhythm of IL-1β in healthy individuals. This short study investigates the diurnal pattern of salivary IL-1β throughout the day in healthy young adults. Twelve participants provided saliva samples at various times throughout the day. Salivary IL-1β were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analysis. Salivary IL-1β levels were highest at 0430 h and lowest at 0000 h and shared a similar diurnal pattern to that of salivary IL-6. Western blot analysis showed that these levels correspond to the mature form of IL-1β. Our findings are important as it established the diurnal pattern of salivary IL-1β is fluctuating normally throughout the day. The findings also open an incredible opportunity for developing research conducted in the field with saliva as the diagnostic tool.
Advances in antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation at the nanoscale
Authors: Kashef Nasim , Huang Ying-Ying , Hamblin Michael R. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The alarming worldwide increase in antibiotic resistance amongst microbial pathogens necessitates a search for new antimicrobial techniques, which will not be affected by, or indeed cause resistance themselves. Light-mediated photoinactivation is one such technique that takes advantage of the whole spectrum of light to destroy a broad spectrum of pathogens. Many of these photoinactivation techniques rely on the participation of a diverse range of nanoparticles and nanostructures that have dimensions very similar to the wavelength of light. Photodynamic inactivation relies on the photochemical production of singlet oxygen from photosensitizing dyes (type II pathway) that can benefit remarkably from formulation in nanoparticle-based drug delivery vehicles. Fullerenes are a closed-cage carbon allotrope nanoparticle with a high absorption coefficient and triplet yield. Their photochemistry is highly dependent on microenvironment, and can be type II in organic solvents and type I (hydroxyl radicals) in a biological milieu. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles act as a large band-gap semiconductor that can carry out photo-induced electron transfer under ultraviolet A light and can also produce reactive oxygen species that kill microbial cells. We discuss some recent studies in which quite remarkable potentiation of microbial killing (up to six logs) can be obtained by the addition of simple inorganic salts such as the non-toxic sodium/potassium iodide, bromide, nitrite, and even the toxic sodium azide. Interesting mechanistic insights were obtained to explain this increased killing.