bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different branching patterns of the spinal accessory nerve: impact on neck dissection technique and postoperative shoulder function
Authors: Lanišnik Boštjan 
Published: January 2017

Purpose of review
Despite nerve-sparing surgery, postoperative shoulder morbidity remains high and significantly impacts patient's quality of life. This review will focus on recent findings of anatomical nuances of the cranial nerve XI (CN XI) along its course in the neck and possible reasons for postoperative morbidity.

Recent findings
The most recent studies identified three different branching patterns of the CN XI in the neck. In type 1 (66%), the branch for trapezius muscle exits at the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (mSCM). In type 2 (22%), the branch for trapezius muscle takes off from the common trunk of the CN XI before it enters the mSCM. In type 3 (12%), the motor branch for trapezius muscle exits behind posterior border of mSCM but takes a more medial course to form macroganglia with cervical nerves. Cervical nerves may also contribute to innervation of the trapezius muscle in up to 39% of the cases, but the clinical importance of those connections is not known.

Summary
If these anatomical patterns are not recognized and if cervical nerves are resected during neck dissection, shoulder morbidity remains high. The role of cervical nerves in innervation of the trapezius muscle is still controversial and unpredictable.
Integrated time-lapse and single-cell transcription studies highlight the variable and dynamic nature of human hematopoietic cell fate commitment
Authors: Moussy Alice , Cosette Jérémie , Parmentier Romuald , da Silva Cindy , Corre Guillaume , Richard Angélique , Gandrillon Olivier , Stockholm Daniel , Páldi András 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIndividual cells take lineage commitment decisions in a way that is not necessarily uniform. We address this issue by characterizing transcriptional changes in cord blood derived CD34+ cells at the single-cell level and integrating data with cell division history and morphological changes determined by time-lapse microscopy. We show, that major transcriptional changes leading to a multilineage-primed gene expression state occur very rapidly during the first cell cycle. One of the two stable lineage-primed patterns emerges gradually in each cell with variable timing. Some cells reach a stable morphology and molecular phenotype by the end of the first cell cycle and transmit it clonally. Others fluctuate between the two phenotypes over several cell cycles. Our analysis highlights the dynamic nature and variable timing of cell fate commitment in hematopoietic cells, links the gene expression pattern to cell morphology and identifies a new category of cells with fluctuating phenotypic characteristics, demonstrating the complexity of the fate decision process, away from a simple binary switch between two options as it is usually envisioned.
Tracking multiple genomic elements using correlative CRISPR imaging and sequential DNA FISH
Authors: Guan J. , Liu H. , Shi X. , Feng S. , Huang B. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractLive imaging of genome has offered important insights into the dynamics of the genome organization and gene expression. The demand to image simultaneously multiple genomic loci has prompted a flurry of exciting advances in multi-color CRISPR imaging, although color-based multiplexing is limited by the need for spectrally distinct fluorophores. Here we introduce an approach to achieve highly multiplexed live recording via correlative CRISPR imaging and sequential DNA fluorescencein situhybridization (FISH). This approach first performs one-color live imaging of multiple genomic loci and then uses sequential rounds of DNA FISH to determine the loci identity. We have optimized the FISH protocol so that each round is complete in 1 min, demonstrating the identification of 7 genomic elements and the capability to sustain reversible staining and washing for up to 20 rounds. We have also developed a correlation-based algorithm to faithfully register live and FISH images. Our approach keeps the rest of the color palette open to image other cellular phenomena of interest, as demonstrated by our simultaneous live imaging of genomic loci together with a cell cycle reporter. Furthermore, the algorithm to register faithfully between live and fixed imaging is directly transferrable to other systems such as multiplex RNA imaging with RNA-FISH and multiplex protein imaging with antibody-staining.
A Flow Procedure for the Linearization of Genome Sequence Graphs
Authors: Haussler David , Smuga-Otto Maciej , Paten Benedict , Novak Adam M , Nikitin Sergei , Zueva Maria , Miagkov Dmitrii 
Published: January 2017

1AbstractEfforts to incorporate human genetic variation into the reference human genome have converged on the idea of a graph representation of genetic variation within a species, a genome sequence graph. A sequence graph represents a set of individual haploid reference genomes as paths in a single graph. When that set of reference genomes is sufficiently diverse, the sequence graph implicitly contains all frequent human genetic variations, including translocations, inversions, deletions, and insertions.In representing a set of genomes as a sequence graph one encounters certain challenges. One of the most important is the problem of graph linearization, essential both for efficiency of storage and access, as well as for natural graph visualization and compatibility with other tools. The goal of graph linearization is to order nodes of the graph in such a way that operations such as access, traversal and visualization are as efficient and effective as possible.A new algorithm for the linearization of sequence graphs, called the flow procedure, is proposed in this paper. Comparative experimental evaluation of the flow procedure against other algorithms shows that it outperforms its rivals in the metrics most relevant to sequence graphs.
The impact of idiosyncratic risk on accrual management
Authors: Datta Sudip , Iskandar-Datta Mai , Singh Vivek 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to add an important new dimension to the earnings management literature by establishing a link between idiosyncratic risk and the degree of accrual management.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on a comprehensive sample of 44,599 firm-year observations during the period spanning 1987-2009, the study offers robust empirical evidence of the importance of firm-specific idiosyncratic volatility as a determinant of earnings manipulation. The authors use standard measures of earnings management and idiosyncratic volatility. The authors test the hypotheses with robust econometrics techniques.

Findings
The authors document a strong positive relationship between idiosyncratic risk and accruals management. Further, the authors find a positive association between residual volatility and discretionary accruals whether accruals are income inflationary or income deflationary. The findings are robust to alternate idiosyncratic risk proxies and variables associated with earnings management.

Originality/value
Overall, the knowledge derived from this study provides additional tools to assess the degree of earnings management by firms, and hence the quality of the financial reporting. Thus the findings will enable standard setters, financial market regulators, analysts, and investors to make more informed legislative, regulatory, resource allocation, and investment decisions.
Investment styles and the multifactor analysis of market timing skill
Authors: Peltomäki Jarkko 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present and demonstrate how the use of a multifactor model in the analysis of market timing skill can be misleading because the use of a multifactor model does not suit all investment styles equally well. If the factors of the analysis model do not span the portfolio holdings of a fund with less conventional investment strategy, the use of a multifactor model may even deteriorate the overall inference in measuring the market timing skill of a large sample of funds.

Design/methodology/approach
This study investigates the limitations of multifactor models in the analysis of market timing skill by applying the traditional Treynor-Mazuy and Henriksson-Merton analysis models of market timing skill using a set of “placebo” funds which are “natural” passive market timers.

Findings
The results of the study show that the incorporation of the Carhart four-factor model into the analysis of market timing skill considerably reduces the percentage of significant market timing results. But, as expected, the reduction of bias is not equal for different investment styles, and it works best when the factors of the analysis model are related to the investment style of the placebo portfolio.

Practical implications
This style-related limitation of multifactor models in the analysis of market timing skill may result in detecting funds with less conventional investment strategies as market timers since the factors used in the analysis are not likely to span their investment styles.

Originality/value
This study shows that the use of a multifactor model may lead to inferring passive market timers with less conventional investment styles as market timers. In addition, the findings of the study leave option replication approaches as more preferable bias corrections than multifactor extensions.
Causal relationships between population stability and food‐web topology
Authors: Monteiro Angelo B. , Del Bianco Faria Lucas 
Published: January 2017

Summary

Historically, food‐web theory has examined the aspects of natural communities that are responsible for maintaining stability in complex communities. The two main lines of research emphasize either topological aspects damping the propagation of perturbations, or population–stability mechanisms that regulate population outbreaks and prevent a total system destabilization. Recent studies, however, have demonstrated that these two aspects act synergistically to produce a single conceptual framework.

Nevertheless, causal relationships are still unexplored: it remains uncertain if topological patterns maintain population stability, or alternatively, if population stability promotes food‐web topology.

In this contribution, we explored the causal relationships between food‐web topology and population stability within complex communities. We generated food webs, using three models with specific biological assumptions, and measured three population‐stability variables, i.e. the proportion of locally stable three‐species and four‐species modules and the proportion of stable matrices; and two topological variables, i.e. modularity and degree of omnivory. We then used path analysis to evaluate two causality hypotheses, in which (i) topology promotes population stability, and (ii) population stability promotes food‐web topology.

We found that population stability promoted food‐web topology for all models, despite the different biological assumptions. We also observed consistent causal relationships between variables, in accordance with recent literature.

These results suggest that studies that intend to discuss the appearance of omnivorous behaviour or the stabilization aspect of compartmentalization, should first consider the stability of population dynamics. Additionally, they strongly support a recently proposed theory of an intrinsic mechanism to natural communities, selecting topologies capable of producing an equilibrium point where all species could coexist, and shaping natural communities to a similar and consistent pattern.

A lay summary is available for this article.
Herding in frontier stock markets: evidence from the Vietnamese stock market
Authors: Bui Nha Duc , Nguyen Loan Thi Bich , Nguyen Nhung Thi Tuyet , Titman Gordon Frederick 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBy using the model of Changet al. () with some modification and extension, this paper provides three main contributions to investor behavior literature in frontier stock markets, specifically the Vietnamese stock market. First, the study found the evidence of herd behavior in Vietnam, a frontier market, in both industry and market contexts. Second, the results show that investor herd behavior is driven by both up and down market scenarios. Third, the study observes that U.S. stock market affects herd behavior in the Vietnamese stock market. However, the Hong Kong stock market only impacts market information.
Incident alopecia areata and vitiligo in adult women with atopic dermatitis: Nurses’ Health Study 2
Authors: Drucker A. M. , Thompson J. M. , Li W.‐Q. , Cho E. , Li T. , Guttman‐Yassky E. , Qureshi A. A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe aimed to determine the risk of alopecia areata (AA) and vitiligo associated with atopic dermatitis (AD) in a large cohort of US women, the Nurses’ Health Study 2. We used logistic regression to calculate age‐ and multivariate‐adjusted odds ratios to determine the risk of incident AA and vitiligo associated with AD diagnosed in or before 2009. A total of 87 406 and 87 447 participants were included in the AA and vitiligo analyses, respectively. A history of AD in 2009 was reported in 11% of participants. There were 147 incident cases of AA and 98 incident cases of vitiligo over 2 years of follow‐up. AD was associated with increased risk of developing AA (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.18–2.76) and vitiligo (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.29–3.54) in multivariate models. In this study of US women, AD was associated with increased risk of incident vitiligo and AA in adulthood.
Determination of the median effective dose (ED50) of spinal chloroprocaine in labour analgesia
Authors: Coppens M. , Anssens S. , Parashchanka A. , Roelens K. , Deschepper E. , De Hert S. , Wouters P. F. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThe primary goal of this study was to determine the median effective dose (ED50) of spinal chloroprocaine for labour analgesia. Thirty‐eight parturients requesting neuraxial analgesia were enrolled. Doses of 1% chloroprocaine were determined by the technique of up–down sequential allocation, with an initial dose of 20 mg and steps of 2 mg. The chloroprocaine spinal dose was given as the spinal component of a combined spinal‐epidural, which was then supplemented with an epidural dose of 7.5 μg sufentanil in 7 ml saline. Effective analgesia was defined as a score ≤ 10 mm within 15 min on a 100‐mm visual analogue pain scale. Using the isotonic regression estimator method, the ED50 of chloroprocaine for the spinal component of a combined spinal‐epidural for labour was calculated to be median (95%CI) 12.0 (9.3–17.0) mg.
From physical geography to environmental geography: Bridges and gaps (a French perspective)
Authors: André Marie‐Françoise 
Published: January 2017

Key Messages

A clinical analysis of some linkages and gaps between physical and environmental geography is provided from a French perspective.
Physical and environmental geography can be viewed either as enemy sisters or as incorporated within a fruitful scientific continuum.
An inclusive version of environmental geography might offer an open space for human and physical geographers to collaborate in stitching together the once‐torn fabric of French geography.
Synthesis of primaquine glyco‐conjugates as potential tissue schizontocidal antimalarial agents
Authors: Azad Chandra S. , Saxena Mridula , Siddiqui Arif J. , Bhardwaj Jyoti , Puri Sunil K. , Dutta Guru P. , Anand Nitya , Saxena Anil K. 
Published: January 2017

Primaquine (PQ) is the only drug used to prevent relapse of malaria due to P. vivax and P. ovale, by eradicating the dormant liver form of the parasite (hypnozoites). The side‐effects associated with PQ limits is uses in treatment of malaria. To overcome the premature oxidative deamination and to increase the life span of drug in the biological system, the novel glyco‐conjugates of PQ were synthesized by coupling of primaquine with hexoses in phosphate buffer. The saccharide part of the hybrid molecules thought to direct the drug to the liver, where hypnozoites resides. All the synthesized compounds were fully characterized and evaluated for their radical curative activities. The three compounds viz glucoside (15a), galactoside (15b) and mannoside (15c) with high activity were tested for their activity in rhesus monkeys where the most active compound 15b showed twofold activity (100% radical curative activity at 1.92 mmol/kg) than the standard drug PQ diphosphate (3.861 mmol/kg). It is proposed that results from these studies may be advantageous to develop a new potent tissue schizonticide antimalarial compound.
Fidgety movements in infants born very preterm: predictive value for cerebral palsy in a clinical multicentre setting
Authors: Datta Alexandre N , Furrer Mark A , Bernhardt Iris , Hüppi Petra S , Borradori‐Tolsa Cristina , Bucher Hans Ulrich , Latal Beatrice , Grunt Sebastian , Natalucci Giancarlo ,   The GM Group
Published: January 2017

AimThis study assessed predictive values of fidgety movement assessment (FMA) in a large sample of infants born very preterm for developmental abnormalities, in particular for cerebral palsy (CP) at 2 years in an everyday clinical setting.MethodThis is a multicentre study of infants born preterm with gestational age lower than 32.0 weeks. FMA was performed at 3 months corrected age; neurodevelopment (Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 2nd edition) and neurological abnormalities were assessed at 2 years. Predictive values of FMA for the development of CP were calculated and combined with abnormalities at cerebral ultrasound.ResultsFive hundred and thirty‐five infants (gestational age 28.2wks [standard deviation 1.3wks]) were included. Eighty‐one percent showed normal fidgety movements and 19% atypical (82 absent, 21 abnormal) fidgety movements. Absent fidgety movements predicted CP at 2 years with an odds ratio (OR) of 8.9 (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.1–17.0), a combination of atypical fidgety movements and major brain lesion on cerebral ultrasound predicted it with an OR of 17.8 (95% CI 5.2–61.6). Mean mental developmental index of infants with absent fidgety movements was significantly lower (p=0.012) than with normal fidgety movements.InterpretationDetection of infants at risk for later CP through FMA was good, but less robust when performed in a routine clinical setting; prediction improved when combined with neonatal cerebral ultrasound.
Evaluation of the stability of soil nanoparticles: the effect of natural organic matter in electrolyte solutions
Authors: Zhu X. , Chen H. , Li W. , He Y. , Brookes P. C. , White R. , Xu J. M. 
Published: January 2017

Nanoparticles are ubiquitous in soil, and their quantity and stability play important roles in the fate, transport and bioavailability of contaminants in the environment. In this research, four soil nanoparticles (SNPs) were extracted from typical soil of different regions in China. Three different kinds of natural organic matter (NOM) were subsequently added to suspensions of SNPs to determine the effects of NOM on the stability of SNPs. The critical coagulation concentration (CCC), one of the most important indicators of the stability of the colloidal suspension in electrolyte solutions, was measured. The increase in CCC values indicated that the stability of SNPs was enhanced by NOM; however, the stability varied with the different electrolytes, properties of SNPs and properties of NOM. A coating of NOM increased the negative charges on the surface of SNPs. Therefore, the electrostatic force had a greater effect on the stability of SNPs than the van der Waals force, which contributed to their stability. The effect of NOM on the stability of SNPs was more evident in electrolytes with a monovalent cation (Na+) than in those with a divalent (Ca2+) or trivalent cation (La3+). The NOM increased the stability of less stable SNPs in relation to the composition and properties of SNPs. Further research is required to understand better how the behaviour and fate of SNPs are affected by NOM in the environment.Highlights
The effect of organic matter on the stability of soil nanoparticles is evaluated.
Stability of soil nanoparticles was enhanced by a surface coating of organic matter.
The electrostatic force contributed to the stability of soil nanoparticles with the addition of organic matter.
Change in stability was also related to types and properties of soil nanoparticles and organic matter.
The Direct Referral to Endovascular Center criteria: a proposal for pre‐hospital evaluation of acute stroke in the Madrid Stroke Network
Authors: Rodríguez‐Pardo J. , Fuentes B. , Alonso de Leciñana M. , Ximénez‐Carrillo Á. , Zapata‐Wainberg G. , Álvarez‐Fraga J. , Barriga F. J. , Castillo L. , Carneado‐Ruiz J. , Díaz‐Guzman J. , Egido‐Herrero J. , de Felipe A. , Fernández‐Ferro J. , Frade‐Pardo L. , García‐Gallardo Á. , García‐Pastor A. , Gil‐Núñez A. , Gómez‐Escalonilla C. , Guillán M. , Herrero‐Infante Y. , Masjuan‐Vallejo J. , Ortega‐Casarrubios M. Á. , Vivancos‐Mora J. , Díez‐Tejedor E. ,   the Madrid Stroke Network
Published: January 2017

Background and purposeFor patients with acute ischaemic stroke due to large‐vessel occlusion, it has recently been shown that mechanical thrombectomy (MT) with stent retrievers is better than medical treatment alone. However, few hospitals can provideMT24 h/day 365 days/year, and it remains unclear whether selected patients with acute stroke should be directly transferred to the nearestMT‐providing hospital to prevent treatment delays. Clinical scales such as Rapid Arterial Occlusion Evaluation (RACE) have been developed to predict large‐vessel occlusion at a pre‐hospital level, but their predictive value forMTis low. We propose new criteria to identify patients eligible forMT, with higher accuracy.MethodsTheDirect Referral to Endovascular Center criteria were defined based on a retrospective cohort of 317 patients admitted to a stroke center. The association of age, sex,RACEscale score and blood pressure with the likelihood of receivingMTwere analyzed. Cut‐off points with the highest association were thereafter evaluated in a prospective cohort of 153 patients from nine stroke units comprising the Madrid Stroke Network.ResultsPatients with aRACEscale score ≥ 5, systolic blood pressure <190 mmHg and age <81 years showed a significantly higher probability of undergoingMT(odds ratio, 33.38; 95% confidence interval, 12–92.9). This outcome was confirmed in the prospective cohort, with 68% sensitivity, 84% specificity, 42% positive and 94% negative predictive values forMT, ruling out 83% of hemorrhagic strokes.ConclusionsTheDirect Referral to Endovascular Center criteria could be useful for identifying patients suitable forMT.