bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs) are abundant in Solanaceae and have a family‐specific impact on gene structure and genome organization
Authors: Seibt Kathrin M. , Wenke Torsten , Muders Katja , Truberg Bernd , Schmidt Thomas 
Published: March 2016

SummaryShort interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs) are highly abundant non‐autonomous retrotransposons that are widespread in plants. They are short in size, non‐coding, show high sequence diversity, and are therefore mostly not or not correctly annotated in plant genome sequences. Hence, comparative studies on genomic SINE populations are rare. To explore the structural organization and impact of SINEs, we comparatively investigated the genome sequences of the Solanaceae species potato (Solanum tuberosum), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), wild tomato (Solanum pennellii), and two pepper cultivars (Capsicum annuum). Based on 8.5 Gbp sequence data, we annotated 82 983 SINE copies belonging to 10 families and subfamilies on a base pair level. Solanaceae SINEs are dispersed over all chromosomes with enrichments in distal regions. Depending on the genome assemblies and gene predictions, 30% of all SINE copies are associated with genes, particularly frequent in introns and untranslated regions (UTRs). The close association with genes is family specific. More than 10% of all genes annotated in the Solanaceae species investigated contain at least one SINE insertion, and we found genes harbouring up to 16 SINE copies. We demonstrate the involvement of SINEs in gene and genome evolution including the donation of splice sites, start and stop codons and exons to genes, enlargement of introns and UTRs, generation of tandem‐like duplications and transduction of adjacent sequence regions.
Surgical outcome of cats treated for aqueous humor misdirection syndrome: a case series
Authors: Atkins Rosalie M. , Armour Micki D. , Hyman Jennifer A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical outcome of cats treated surgically for aqueous humor misdirection syndrome.MethodsA retrospective analysis of cats treated surgically between January 1, 2006, and January 1, 2013, for aqueous humor misdirection syndrome was performed. Signalment, medical therapy, eyes affected, intraocular pressures prior to and after surgery, surgical procedures performed, postoperative complications, and visual status were evaluated.ResultsSeven cats (nine eyes) fit the inclusion criteria. Six of seven cats were female, and five of seven cats were diagnosed with bilateral aqueous humor misdirection syndrome. Three surgical approaches were evaluated as follows: (i) phacoemulsification and posterior capsulotomy, (ii) phacoemulsification, posterior capsulotomy and anterior vitrectomy, and (iii) phacoemulsification, posterior capsulotomy, anterior vitrectomy, and endocyclophotocoagulation. The mean age at diagnosis was 12.9 years. Seven of nine eyes had controlled intraocular pressure (≤25 mmHg) during the first 6 months postoperatively. All cats were visual with controlled intraocular inflammation at 1 year postoperatively; however, one eye had an elevated intraocular pressure. All cats were continued on topical antiglaucoma and anti‐inflammatory medications following surgery with the mean number of drops per day decreasing from 3.9 drops/day prior to surgery to 2.2 drops/day postoperatively.ConclusionsSurgical management for feline aqueous humor misdirection syndrome may be a viable option to maintain a visual and normotensive status in cats that no longer have successful control of intraocular pressure with medical therapy.
Temporal Robustness of the Session Rating of Perceived Exertion
Authors: Christen Joshua , Foster Carl , Porcari John P. , Mikat Richard P. 
Published: March 2016

Purpose:The session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) has gained popularity as a “user friendly” method for evaluating internal training load. sRPE has historically been obtained 30 min after exercise. This study evaluated the effect of postexercise measurement time on sRPE after steady-state and interval cycle exercise.
Methods:Well-trained subjects (N = 15) (maximal oxygen consumption = 51 ± 4 and 36 ± 4 mL/kg [cycle ergometer] for men and women, respectively) completed counterbalanced 30-minute steady-state and interval training bouts. The steady-state ride was at 90% of ventilatory threshold. The work-to-rest ratio of the interval rides was 1:1, and the interval segment durations were 1, 2, and 3 min. The high-intensity component of each interval bout was 75% peak power output, which was accepted as a surrogate of the respiratory compensation threshold, critical power, or maximal lactate steady state. Heart rate, blood lactate, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured. The sRPE (category ratio scale) was measured at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 60 min and 24 h after each ride using a visual analog scale (VAS) to prevent bias associated with specific RPE verbal anchors.
Results:sRPE at 30 min postexercise followed a similar trend: steady state = 3.7, 1 min = 3.9, 2 min = 4.7, 3 min = 6.2. No significant differences (P > .05) in sRPE were found based on postexercise sampling times, from 5 min to 24 h postexercise.
Conclusions:Postexercise time does not appear to have a significant effect on sRPE after either steady-state or interval exercise. Thus, sRPE appears to be temporally robust and is not necessarily limited to the 30-min-postexercise window historically used with this technique, although the presence or absence of a cooldown period after the exercise bout may be important.
Can Temperate-Water Immersion Effectively Reduce Rectal Temperature in Exertional Heat Stroke? A Critically Appraised Topic
Authors: Truxton Tyler T. , Miller Kevin C. 
Published: March 2016

Clinical Scenario:Exertional heat stroke (EHS) is a medical emergency which, if left untreated, can result in death. The standard of care for EHS patients includes confirmation of hyperthermia via rectal temperature (Trec) and then immediate cold-water immersion (CWI). While CWI is the fastest way to reduce Trec, it may be difficult to lower and maintain water bath temperature in the recommended ranges (1.7°C–15°C [35°F–59°F]) because of limited access to ice and/or the bath being exposed to high ambient temperatures for long periods of time. Determining if Trec cooling rates are acceptable (ie, >0.08°C/min) when significantly hyperthermic humans are immersed in temperate water (ie, ≥20°C [68°F]) has applications for how EHS patients are treated in the field.Clinical Question:Are Trec cooling rates acceptable (≥0.08°C/min) when significantly hyperthermic humans are immersed in temperate water?Summary of Findings:Trec cooling rates of hyperthermic humans immersed in temperate water (≥20°C [68°F]) ranged from 0.06°C/min to 0.19°C/min. The average Trec cooling rate for all examined studies was 0.11±0.06°C/min.Clinical Bottom Line:Temperature water immersion (TWI) provides acceptable (ie, >0.08°C/min) Trec cooling rates for hyperthermic humans post-exercise. However, CWI cooling rates are higher and should be used if feasible (eg, access to ice, shaded treatment areas).Strength of Recommendation:The majority of evidence (eg, Level 2 studies with PEDro scores ≥5) suggests TWI provides acceptable, though not ideal, Trec cooling. If possible, CWI should be used instead of TWI in EHS scenarios.
A Sampling of Canadian Practice in Managing Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding before Recent Guideline Publication: Is there Room for Improvement?
Authors: Bensoussan Karen , Fallone Carlo A , Barkun Alan N , Martel Myriam 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND: There are few recent published consensus guidelines regarding nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. In 2003, the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology sponsored a set of 20 recommendations. AIM: To compare current Canadian clinical practice patterns with these most recent guidelines.METHODS: Data obtained from the Canadian Registry of patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding and Endoscopy (RUGBE), complemented by a questionnaire sent out to the 18 participating RUGBE sites, were used to compare present practice with all 20 guidelines.RESULTS: Only three RUGBE sites had an explicit written protocol for nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and only 40% of the sites had support staff available after hours. The Blatchford prognostic scale was not used routinely, and only one site used the Rockall score for risk stratification. Most patients classified as low-risk according to the literature had endoscopy within 24 h and a median length of stay of two days compared with high-risk patients who underwent endoscopy approximately 4 h earlier, had a median length of stay of 4.3 days and displayed a higher mortality. Nineteen per cent of all patients had a routine second-look endoscopy. Proton pump inhibitors were frequently used in the acute setting. Thirteen per cent of all patients rebled and only 34% of these received a second endoscopy. One-half of all patients were tested for Helicobacter pylori while in hospital, mostly by histology, and one-third of those who tested positive received H pylori eradication during their hospitalization.CONCLUSION: Compared with recommendations put forward in the new guidelines, clinical practice before guideline publication was variable. The future level of guideline adherence and patient outcome data should be quantified and monitored as the guidelines are disseminated.
Characteristics of primary biliary cirrhosis in British Columbia's First Nations population
Authors: Arbour Laura , Rupps Rosemarie , Field Leigh , Ross Paul , Erikson Anders , Henderson Harvey , Hill Warren , Yoshida Eric M 
Published: March 2016

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a rare, autoimmune liver disorder characterized by progressive destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts, that results in portal inflammation, scarring, cirrhosis and, eventually, liver failure. Although considered rare in Canadian populations, it is the leading indication for referral for liver transplantation in British Columbia's First Nations population. Previously, an expanded review of all cases referred to the British Columbia Transplant Society for PBC was carried out comparing the demographics of those of First Nations descent with those not of First Nations descent. The review suggested that the rate of referral for transplantation was eight times higher for those of First Nations descent compared with those of other descent (P=0.0001), and a disproportionate number of the First Nations cases lived on Vancouver Island (48% of cases versus 18% expected, P<0.05). Additionally, the age of referral was significantly younger (45.9 versus 54.3 years) for those of First Nations descent and there are fewer First Nations men referred (1:34) than expected. For the purpose of the present report, 28 symptomatic cases were ascertained separately and reviewed in a clinical study to delineate the features of this population.RESULTS: Although available liver biopsy reports were consistent with PBC, not all cases were antimitochondrial antibody-positive (18% negative). There was a family history of PBC confirmed by medical records in 33% of cases. There were five multiplex families identified, one with seven affected individuals. Detailed family histories revealed a recurrence risk of 4% for PBC for all first-degree relatives older than 21 years of age, but 10% when considering only women. Other autoimmune conditions coexisted in PBC patients in 79% of all cases. Arthritis was most frequent (60%), with thyroid disease (16%) and systemic lupus erythematosus (12%) also present. Additionally, a history of autoimmune diseases (arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and thyroid disease) was present in 21% of first-degree relatives. A strong genetic predisposition to PBC and other autoimmune diseases, combined with common environmental factors, is postulated in this population. Further study is underway to identify these factors.
Intravenous Proton Pump Inhibitors before Endoscopy in Bleeding Peptic Ulcer with High-Risk Stigmata: A Multicentre Comparative Study
Authors: Andrews Christopher N , Levy Adrian , Fishman Martin , Hahn Michael , Atkinson Kenneth , Kwan Peter , Enns Robert 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND: It is not clear if starting intravenous proton pump inhibitors (IV PPI) before endoscopic therapy provides additional benefit over starting it afterward in patients with high-risk ulcer stigmata of peptic ulcer disease.METHODS: All patients who received IV pantoprazole bolus and infusion and underwent endoscopy in six Canadian hospitals over 20 months were reviewed. Only patients with high-risk ulcer stigmata (arterial bleeding, oozing, nonbleeding visible vessel or adherent clot) were included. Patients receiving IV PPI before endoscopy (before group) were compared with those who received it after endoscopy (after group) with respect to endoscopic findings and, secondarily, to patient demographics and clinical outcomes.RESULTS: The demographics and baseline characteristics of the before group (n=57) and the after group (n=109) were similar. The before group was more likely to have had IV PPI started outside of daytime hours, and median time to endoscopy in patients admitted with upper gastrointestinal bleeding was 24 h (interquartile range 9.5 to 35) in the before group and 11.3 h (interquartile range 3.7 to 17.2) in the after group ( P<0.0001). At the time of endoscopy, 33% of patients in the before group had actively bleeding lesions (Forrest 1a or 1b) compared with 54% in the after group (P=0.01), but there were no significant differences in rebleeding, surgical rates, intensive care unit admission or death between the groups.CONCLUSION: IV PPI infusions before endoscopy may lower the proportion of actively bleeding peptic ulcer lesions at endoscopy, but this finding does not appear to affect rates of rebleeding, surgery or death.
Why patients with inflammatory bowel disease use or do not use complementary and alternative medicine: A Canadian national survey
Authors: Li Feng X , Verhoef Marja J , Best Allan , Otley Anthony , Hilsden Robert J 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND: The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).OBJECTIVES: To determine the factors associated with use of CAM, the reasons commonly cited for use or nonuse of CAM, and the correlations between the factors associated with use of CAM and reasons for CAM use.SUBJECTS: The study included 2828 members of the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of Canada.OBJECTIVE: Subjects were mailed a questionnaire that included items on demographic characteristics, disease and treatment history, health attitudes and behaviours, and reasons for use or nonuse of CAM. Logistical regression was used to determine significant associations with current CAM use.RESULTS: In patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, CAM use was associated with more severe disease activity, use of CAM for other purposes, use of exercise and prayer for IBD, and a desire for an active role in treatment decisions. CAM use was also associated with younger age in those with Crohn's disease, and less confidence in their IBD physician in those with ulcerative colitis. The most common reasons for CAM use were a desire for greater control, having heard or read that CAM might help, and the emphasis CAM places on treating the whole person. The most common reasons for not using CAM were that conventional treatments were successful, that not enough was known about CAM and a belief that CAM would not help.CONCLUSION: Disease activity and health attitudes and behaviours, but not demographic characteristics, are associated with CAM use by those with IBD.
Forming of Information Evaluating Skill by Primary Schoolchildren
Authors: Хиленко  , Khilenko T. 
Published: March 2016

The article considers the ways of dedicated forming by younger schoolboys the universal educational actions in the case of information assessment
as an essential condition for achieving the expected results of the initial general education. The process of formation of universal educational
actions that belong to the group of regulatory, is carried out at the lessons in all subjects. The author gives the technique and assignments examples
contributing the development of evaluation activities, analysis, data interpretation by children.
The description of suicide events investigated by homicide investigation unit between 2011-2015: Sivas example<p>2011-2015 Yılları arasında cinayet büro tarafından soruşturulmuş intihar vakalarının betimlenmesi: Sivas örneği
Authors: Gönültaş Miraç Burak 
Published: March 2016

Suicides are the topic of criminal investigation due to the probability of death as well as it is significant public health problem. Criminal investigation is to enlighten the suicide event with every aspect of it and to investigate whether there is any suspicion. It requires a certain discipline and practice. Suicides events which were completed and serious attempts are investigated by Homicide Investigation Units of every city police of Turkey. The sample of the present study is constituted by annotation of 108 suicide cases which had been investigated by Homicide Unit of Sivas Police between 2011-2015. The present study is retrospective and descriptive. The independent variables of study are completed suicides and suicide attempts and dependent variables of study are gender, age, time of event (season, month, day-night), profession, the method and reason of suicide etc. In the present study, it will be shown how criminal investigation of suicide cases conducts and tried to descript the cases of suicide events occurred. Hence, some proposals related to criminal investigation of suicides are aimed to present. Özetİntihar vakaları önemli bir halk sağlığı problemi olmasının yanı sıra ölüme sebebiyet vermesi nedeni ile de aynı zamanda suç soruşturmasının da konusudur. Suç soruşturması, intihar vakasının her yönü ile aydınlatılmasıdır ve şüpheli bir durumun olup olmadığının araştırılmasıdır. Bu da belli bir disiplin ve pratiği gerektirir. İllerde tamamlanmış intihar vakaları ile ciddi boyutta olan intihar girişimlerini Cinayet Bürolar soruşturur. Bu araştırmanın da örneklemini 2011-2015 yılları arasında, Sivas Cinayet Büro tarafından soruşturması yapılmış 108 intihar vakasının bilgi notları oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma betimleyici ve retrospektif bir çalışmadır. Tamamlanmış intihar ve intihar girişimleri bağımlı değişken olarak belirlenirken; yaş, cinsiyet, olayın zamanı (mevsim, ay, gece-gündüz), çalışma durumu, intihar yöntemi ve sebebi gibi değişkenler ise bağımsız değişkenleridir. Çalışma ile intihar vakalarında suç soruşturmasının nasıl yapıldığı aktarılacak ve Sivas’ta meydana gelen intiharların betimlenmesine çalışılacaktır. Böylece intihar vakalarının suç soruşturması ile ilgili bir takım önerilerin sunulması amaçlanmaktadır.
ANALISIS HUBUNGAN JUMLAH PENDUDUK DAN KEPADATAN PENDUDUK DENGAN BAHAN BAKAR MINYAK TRANSPORTASI KOTA
Authors: Handajani Mudjiastuti , Riyanto Bambang 
Published: March 2016

<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Amasis MT','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-AU">Fuel oil and transport is important to study because it relates to the environment and the local economy, nationally and globally. Fuel for urban transport is influenced by the number and density of population. The purpose of the study is to analyze the population density of the city and fuel consumption/capita for metropolitan cities in the world, in Indonesia, the metropolitan city of Semarang and large city of Surakarta. The analysis is performed using bivarate. Metropolis developed countries shows: the more densely populated cities, fuel consumption/capita is the lower. For Indonesian cities and metropolitan cities of Semarang and Surakarta big show: the more densely populated city, fuel consumption does not always decreased. To be efficient fuel consumption city, the city's transportation system using mass public transportation and land use arrangements made compact. Efficient fuel consumption, can improve the health and economy of the State.</span>
Nutritional Composition of Frozen Fillets from Pangasius Catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) and Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis nilotcus) Imported to European Countries
Authors: Kulawik Piotr , Migdał Władysław , Tkaczewska Joanna , Gambuś Florian , Szczurowska Katarzyna , Özoğul Fatih 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The proximate composition, fatty acids and amino acids profile as well as mineral composition of frozen fillets from Pangasius catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) imported to Poland (PP), Germany (PG) and Ukraine (PU) and fillets from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis nilotcus) imported to Poland (TP) and Germany (TG) were investigated. PU contained ten times more fat than PG and PP. Tilapia fillets contained higher levels of n-3 fatty acids and showed more preferable n-6/n-3 ratio than pangasius fillets. The fillets of PG contained higher levels of protein and essential amino acids than PU and PP, however the amino acids composition of pangasius and tilapia fillets was similar for all specimens. The fillets of PP and PU contained significantly higher amounts of sodium than other studied groups, which suggests that they were subjected to additional treatment to increase their water holding capacity. The results show significant differences in the nutritional composition of pangasius depending on their place of import, thus it was recommended that more information regarding the nutritional composition of the frozen fillets sold through self-service freezers should be provided for the final consumer.
Molecular Characterization and Phylogeny Based Analysis of Intron I Sequence of Myostatin (MSTN) Gene in Iranian Makuei Sheep Breed
Authors: Farhadian Mohammad , Hashemi Ali 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Myostatin (MSTN), a negative regulator of skeletal muscle development, acts as a potential candidate gene used to increase muscle mass. Likewise, sheep MSTN gene has an important role in meat production. MSTN is made up of 376 amino acids, and is synthesized as a precursor protein. To investigate the MSTN in Iranian native Makuei sheep, a polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis was used. Genomic DNA was isolated from the blood samples. A 417-bp of MSTN intron I segment was amplified using locus-specific primers. Four SSCP patterns were identified and nucleotide sequencing of the Makuei sheep MSTN gene was done and registered in the NCBI GenBank with “KJ526625” number. Three novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found in the samples. These SNPs are found in 224bp, 226bp and 242bp locations. Accordingly three substitutions (c.224C>T; c.226A>G; c.242G>T) were observed in the intron 1 region of MSTN gene. The effects of the observed SNPs on breeding values of some biometric traits were investigated and the substitution of c.226A>G was found to be associated with heart girth (HG) and leg circumference (LC). Phylogenetic analysis, based on the nucleotide sequences indicated similar evaluation with the GenBank reference sequences. It seems that the observed polymorphisms of the ovine MSTN gene are associated with HG and LC traits.