bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Needle-use declarations at the Olympic Games Rio 2016
Authors: Allen Molly , Stuart Mark Campbell , Gribble Hannah , Budgett Richard , Pipe Andrew 
Published: November 2017

AimWe report on the results of the ‘IOC Needle Policy’ applied during the course of the Games of the XXXI Summer Olympiad in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The policy was intended to empower physicians to ensure appropriate clinical use of needles within team medical environments, enhance the safety of those responsible for housekeeping services and others in the Olympic environment, and permit documentation of such procedures as an adjunct to the doping control programme. Any needle use required the submission of an ‘Injection Declaration Form’ to IOC medical officials.MethodAll‘Injection Declaration Forms’ were reviewed and archived. The declarations provided basic information regarding the nature of the needle use and the product(s) involved, the physician, athlete and respective National Olympic Committee (NOC). The details of the declarations were subsequently categorised.ResultsA total of 367 declarations were received from physicians representing 49 NOCs. Needle-use declarations were more common in athletics, gymnastics, football and aquatics. A single product was administered in 60% of the cases, and more than one product was administered in 40%. The majority of declarations indicated the use of local anaesthetics, glucocorticoids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and analgesics.ConclusionThe introduction of a ‘Needle Policy’ in the Olympic Games setting was intended to minimise the use of needles by non-physicians, promote evidence-based practice and to deter needle-based doping practices. Declarations were received from 49 of 209 NOCs suggesting either that needle use is minimal among certain teams or opportunities remain to enhance compliance with such policies at future games.
Updated systematic review of exercise studies in breast cancer survivors: attention to the principles of exercise training
Authors: Neil-Sztramko Sarah E , Winters-Stone Kerri M , Bland Kelcey A , Campbell Kristin L 
Published: November 2017

ObjectivesTo update our previous evaluation of the exercise interventions used in randomised controlled trials of breast cancer survivors in relation to (1) the application of the principles of exercise training in the exercise prescription; (2) the reporting of the components of the exercise prescription; and (3) the reporting of adherence of participants to the prescribed interventions.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesThe OVID Medline, Embase, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus electronic databases were searched from January 2010 to January 2017.Eligibility criteriaRandomised controlled trials of at least 4 weeks of aerobic and/or resistance exercise in women diagnosed with breast cancer, reporting on physical fitness or body composition outcomes.ResultsSpecificity was appropriately applied by 84%, progression by 29%, overload by 38% and initial values by 67% of newly identified studies. Reversibility was reported by 3% anddiminishing returns by 22% of newly identified studies. No studies reported all components of the exercise prescription in the methods, or adherence to the prescribed intervention in the results. Reporting of reversibility has increased from 2010, but no other improvements in reporting were noted from the previous review.Summary/ConclusionNo studies of exercise in women with breast cancer attended to all principles of exercise training, or reported all components of the exercise prescription in the methods, or adherence to the prescription in the results. Full reporting of the exercise prescribed and completed is essential for study replication in research and translating research findings into the community, and should be prioritised in future trials.
Prevention and assessment of infectious diseases among children and adult migrants arriving to the European Union/European Economic Association: a protocol for a suite of systematic reviews for public health and health systems
Authors: Pottie Kevin , Mayhew Alain D , Morton Rachael L , Greenaway Christina , Akl Elie A , Rahman Prinon , Zenner Dominik , Pareek Manish , Tugwell Peter , Welch Vivian , Meerpohl Joerg , Alonso-Coello Pablo , Hui Charles , Biggs Beverley-Ann , Requena-Méndez Ana , Agbata Eric , Noori Teymur , Schünemann Holger J 
Published: November 2017

IntroductionThe European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control is developing evidence-based guidance for voluntary screening, treatment and vaccine prevention of infectious diseases for newly arriving migrants to the European Union/European Economic Area. The objective of this systematic review protocol is to guide the identification, appraisal and synthesis of the best available evidence on prevention and assessment of the following priority infectious diseases: tuberculosis, HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, measles, mumps, rubella, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, poliomyelitis (polio),Haemophilus influenzadisease, strongyloidiasis and schistosomiasis.Methods and analysisThe search strategy will identify evidence from existing systematic reviews and then update the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness evidence using prospective trials, economic evaluations and/or recently published systematic reviews. Interdisciplinary teams have designed logic models to help define study inclusion and exclusion criteria, guiding the search strategy and identifying relevant outcomes. We will assess the certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.Ethics and disseminationThere are no ethical or safety issues. We anticipate disseminating the findings through open-access publications, conference abstracts and presentations. We plan to publish technical syntheses as GRADEpro evidence summaries and the systematic reviews as part of a special edition open-access publication on refugee health. We are following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Protocols reporting guideline. This protocol is registered in PROSPERO: CRD42016045798.
The health and well-being of Australia’s future medical doctors: protocol for a 5-year observational cohort study of medical trainees
Authors: Cvejic Erin , Parker Gordon , Harvey Samuel B , Steel Zachery , Hadzi-Pavlovic Dusan , Macnamara Claire L , Vollmer-Conna Uté 
Published: November 2017

IntroductionClinical training in the undergraduate medical course places multiple stressors on trainees, which have been held to lead to heightened distress, depression, suicide, substance misuse/abuse and poor mental health outcomes. To date, evidence for morbidity in trainees is largely derived from cross-sectional survey-based research. This limits the accuracy of estimates and the extent to which predispositional vulnerabilities (biological and/or psychological), contextual triggers and longer-term consequences can be validly identified. Longitudinal clinical assessments embedded within a biopsychosocial framework are needed before effective preventative and treatment strategies can be put in place.Methods and analysisThis study is an observational longitudinal cohort study of 330 students enrolled in the undergraduate medicine course at the University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Australia. Students will be recruited in their fourth year of study and undergo annual assessments for 4 consecutive years as they progress through increasingly demanding clinical training, including internship. Assessments will include clinical interviews for psychiatric morbidity, and self-report questionnaires to obtain health, psychosocial, performance and functioning information. Objective measures of cognitive performance, sleep/activity patterns as well as autonomic and immune function (via peripheral blood samples) will be obtained. These data will be used to determine the prevalence, incidence and severity of mental disorder, elucidate contextual and biological triggers and mechanisms underpinning psychopathology and examine the impact of psychopathology on performance and professional functioning.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been granted by the UNSW human research ethics committee (reference HC16340). The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations, and distributed to key stakeholders within the medical education sector. The outcomes will also inform targeted preventative and treatment strategies to enhance stress resilience in trainee doctors.
Effect of individual patient risk, centre, surgeon and anaesthetist on length of stay in hospital after cardiac surgery: Association of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia and Critical Care (ACTACC) consecutive cases series study of 10 UK specialist centres
Authors: Papachristofi Olympia , Klein Andrew A , Mackay John , Nashef Samer , Fletcher Nick , Sharples Linda D 
Published: November 2017

ObjectivesTo determine the relative contributions of patient risk profile, local and individual clinical practice on length of hospital stay after cardiac surgery.DesignTen-year audit of prospectively collected consecutive cardiac surgical cases. Case-mix adjusted outcomes were analysed in models that included random effects for centre, surgeon and anaesthetist.SettingUK centres providing adult cardiac surgery.Participants10 of 36 UK specialist centres agreed to provide outcomes for all major cardiac operations over 10 years. After exclusions (duplicates, cases operated by more than one consultant, deaths and procedures for which the EuroSCORE risk score for cardiac surgery is not appropriate), there were 107 038 cardiac surgical procedures between April 2002 and March 2012, conducted by 127 consultant surgeons and 190 consultant anaesthetists.Main outcome measureLength of stay (LOS) up to 3 months postoperatively.ResultsThe principal component of variation in outcomes was patient risk (represented by the EuroSCORE and remaining patient heterogeneity), accounting for 95.43% of the variation for postoperative LOS. The impact of the surgeon and centre was moderate (intra-class correlation coefficients ICC=2.79% and 1.59%, respectively), whereas the impact of the anaesthetist was negligible (ICC=0.19%). Similarly, 96.05% of the variation for prolonged LOS (>11 days) was attributable to the patient, with surgeon and centre less but still influential components (ICC=2.12% and 1.66%, respectively, 0.17% only for anaesthetists). Adjustment for year of operation resulted in minor reductions in variation attributable to surgeons (ICC=2.52% for LOS and 2.23% for prolonged LOS).ConclusionsPatient risk profile is the primary determinant of variation in LOS, and as a result, current initiatives to reduce hospital stay by modifying consultant performance are unlikely to have a substantial impact. Therefore, substantially reducing hospital stay requires shifting away from a one-size-fits-all approach to cardiac surgery, and seeking alternative treatment options personalised to high-risk patients.
Non-typhoidalSalmonellain Calabria, Italy: a laboratory and patient-based survey
Authors: Mascaro Valentina , Pileggi Claudia , Crinò Maria , Proroga Yolande Therese Rose , Carullo Maria Rosaria , Graziani Caterina , Arigoni Fabio , Turno Pasquale , Pavia Maria 
Published: November 2017

IntroductionAlthough there has been a decrease in the number of cases of salmonellosis in the European Union, it still represents the primary cause of foodborne outbreaks. In Calabria region, data are lacking for the incidence of human non-typhoid salmonellosis as active surveillance has never been carried out.ObjectiveTo report the results of a laboratory and patient-based morbidity survey in Calabria to describe the incidence and distribution ofSalmonellaserovars isolated from humans, with a focus on antimicrobial resistance patterns.MethodsPositive cultures from human samples were collected from every laboratory participating in the surveillance, with a minimum set of information about each isolate. A questionnaire was then administered to the patients by telephone interview to assess the potential risk exposures.Salmonellaisolates underwent biochemical identification, molecular analysis by PCR and antimicrobial susceptibility testing by the disk-diffusion method.ResultsDuring a 2-year period, 105 strains ofSalmonellaspp were isolated from samples of patients with diarrhoea, with the highest isolation rate for children aged 1–5 years. The standardised rate was 2.7 cases per 1 00 000 population. The most commonSalmonellaisolates belonged to monophasic variant ofS.Typhimurium (S.4,[5],12:i:-) (33.3%), followed byS. Typhimurium (21.9%). 30.5% of the isolates were susceptible to all microbial agents tested and the most common pan-susceptible serotype wasS.Napoli (100%).S. 4,[5],12:i:- was resistant to ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfonamides and tetracyclines in 42.9% cases, while resistance to quinolones was seen in 14.3% of the isolates.ConclusionsThe results provide evidence that an active surveillance system effectively enhancesSalmonellanotifications. The high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, including resistance to quinolones and multiresistance, enforces the need to strengthen strategies of surveillance and monitoring of antimicrobial use.
Using environmental engineering to increase hand hygiene compliance: a cross-over study protocol
Authors: Schmidtke Kelly Ann , Aujla Navneet , Marshall Tom , Hussain Abid , Hodgkinson Gerard P , Arheart Kristopher , Marti Joachim , Birnbach David J , Vlaev Ivo 
Published: November 2017

IntroductionCompliance with hand hygiene recommendations in hospital is typically less than 50%. Such low compliance inevitably contributes to hospital-acquired infections that negatively affect patients’ well-being and hospitals’ finances. The design of the present study is predicated on the assumption that most people who fail to clean their hands are not doing so intentionally, they just forget. The present study will test whether psychological priming can be used to increase the number of people who clean their hands on entering a ward. Here, we present the protocol for this study.Methods and analysisThe study will use a randomised cross-over design. During the study, each of four wards will be observed during four conditions: olfactory prime, visual prime, both primes and neither prime. Each condition will be experienced for 42 days followed by a 7-day washout period (total duration of trial=189 days). We will record the number of people who enter each ward and whether they clean their hands during observation sessions, the amount of cleaning material used from the dispensers each week and the number of hospital-acquired infections that occur in each period. The outcomes will be compared using a regression analysis. Following the initial trail, the most effective priming condition will be rolled out for 3 months in all the wards.Ethics and disseminationResearch ethics approval was obtained from the South Central—Oxford C Research Ethics Committee (16/SC/0554), the Health Regulatory Authority and the sponsor.Trial registration numberISRCTN (15397624); Edge ID 86357.
A randomised controlled trial comparing venous stenting with conservative treatment in patients with deep venous obstruction: research protocol
Authors: van Vuuren Timme MAJ , van Laanen Jorinde H H , de Geus Maaike , Nelemans Patty J , de Graaf Rick , Wittens Cees H A 
Published: November 2017

IntroductionDeep venous obstruction (DVO) has a great impact on quality of life (QoL) comparable to angina pectoris or chronic pulmonary disease. Post-thrombotic scar formation and May-Thurner syndrome (MTS) are the most common causes of DVO. Conventional treatment of DVO focuses on reducing pain or leg swelling by use of (pain) medication and therapeutic elastic stockings. In the past, a venous bypass was offered in severe post-thrombotic cases, but this procedure showed bad clinical and patency outcomes. With the introduction of percutaneous angioplasty and dedicated venous stents new opportunities were created. Deep venous stenting has been shown to be effective in retrospective case series. However, there is no prior research in which QoL after interventional treatment is compared with QoL after conventional treatment. Currently, there is a debate about the true additional value of interventional treatment. We investigate whether those patients who are treated with stenting experience a change in short form 36 (SF-36) and the Veines-QoL/Sym questionnaires compared with conventionally treated patients.Methods and analysisThis is a randomised trial comparing conservative deep venous management to interventional treatment. A total of 130 patients with post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) or MTS, eligible for interventional percutaneous treatment, who did not have previous deep venous intervention will be included. Patients will be randomised to conservative treatment or venous stenting and stratified for the PTS or MTS subgroup. Conservative treatment consists of either one or a combination of pain medications, manual lymphatic drainage, compression stockings and regular post-thrombotic anticoagulant therapy.The primary outcome is the QoL change after 12 months compared with baseline QoL. Secondary outcomes are QoL changes at 6 weeks, clinical assessment of DVO, recurrence rate of deep venous thrombosis at 6 weeks and 12 months, and the total amount of working days lost. Intervention-specific outcomes include complications and patency.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol is approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Academisch ziekenhuis Maastricht/Universiteit Maastricht, The Netherlands (protocol number NLNL55641.068.15 / METC 161008).We aim to publish the results of this study in a peer reviewed journal and present our findings at national or international conferences.Trial registration numberThe study protocol was registered atwww.clinicaltrials.gov(registration number:NCT03026049) on 17 January 2017.
The incidence and healthcare costs of persistent postoperative pain following lumbar spine surgery in the UK: a cohort study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) and Hospital Episode Statistics (HES)
Authors: Weir Sharada , Samnaliev Mihail , Kuo Tzu-Chun , Ni Choitir Caitriona , Tierney Travis S , Cumming David , Bruce Julie , Manca Andrea , Taylor Rod S , Eldabe Sam 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveTo characterise incidence and healthcare costs associated with persistent postoperative pain (PPP) following lumbar surgery.DesignRetrospective, population-based cohort study.SettingClinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) and Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) databases.ParticipantsPopulation-based cohort of 10 216 adults who underwent lumbar surgery in England from 1997/1998 through 2011/2012 and had at least 1 year of presurgery data and 2 years of postoperative follow-up data in the linked CPRD–HES.Primary and secondary outcomes measuresIncidence and total healthcare costs over 2, 5 and 10 years attributable to persistent PPP following initial lumbar surgery.ResultsThe rate of individuals undergoing lumbar surgery in the CPRD–HES linked data doubled over the 15-year study period, fiscal years 1997/1998 to 2011/2012, from 2.5 to 4.9 per 10 000 adults. Over the most recent 5-year period (2007/2008 to 2011/2012), on average 20.8% (95% CI 19.7% to 21.9%) of lumbar surgery patients met criteria for PPP. Rates of healthcare usage were significantly higher for patients with PPP across all types of care. Over 2 years following initial spine surgery, the mean cost difference between patients with and without PPP was £5383 (95% CI £4872 to £5916). Over 5 and 10 years following initial spine surgery, the mean cost difference between patients with and without PPP increased to £10 195 (95% CI £8726 to £11 669) and £14 318 (95% CI £8386 to £19 771), respectively. Extrapolated to the UK population, we estimate that nearly 5000 adults experience PPP after spine surgery annually, with each new cohort costing the UK National Health Service in excess of £70 million over the first 10 years alone.ConclusionsPersistent pain affects more than one-in-five lumbar surgery patients and accounts for substantial long-term healthcare costs. There is a need for formal, evidence-based guidelines for a coherent, coordinated management strategy for patients with continuing pain after lumbar surgery.
On open access, data mining and plant conservation in the Circumpolar North with an online data example of the Herbarium, University of Alaska Museum of the North
Authors: Huettmann Falk , Ickert-Bond Stefanie M. 
Published: November 2017

With the advent of global online data sharing initiatives, few limits remain to using the treasure troves of museum data for biodiversity and conservation. The University of Alaska Museum Herbarium is fully online with metadata. Over 260 000 specimens representing the largest collection of Alaska plants anywhere can be data mined. We found that most specimens were collected through the National Park Service’s Inventory and Monitoring program at Denali National Park and Preserve. The majority of specimens were collected along roads, trails, coastline, or waterways, while high-altitude, remote, and pristine sampling locations are underrepresented still. Actual field efforts varied over the years, peaking in the late 1980s. From 1 to 400 specimens were collected per sampling location, and on average 40 species were obtained per collection event at a unique location. Our analysis presents a first data mining inventory of such open access data allowing for a rapid assessment, quality control, and predictive modeling involving automated high-performing machine learning algorithms and mapping analysis using open geographic information systems concepts. Our research sets a first template for more investigations in the Arctic and we briefly compare with selected specimen details from adjacent landscapes such as the Russian Far East, Canada, and the Circumpolar North.
Probing degenerate heavy Higgs bosons in NMSSM with vector-like particles
Authors: Wang Fei , Wang Wenyu , Wu Lei , Yang Jin Min , Zhang Mengchao 
Published: November 2017

In this work, we investigate the degenerate heavy Higgs bosons in the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (NMSSM) by introducing vector-like particles. Such an extension is well motivated from the top-down view since some grand unified theories usually predict the existence of singlet scalars and vector-like particles at weak scale. Under the constraints from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and dark matter experiments, we find that (1) the null results of searching for high mass resonances have tightly constrained the parameter space; (2) two degenerate heavy singlet Higgs bosons [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] can sizably decay to [Formula: see text] invisibly. Therefore, search for the monojet events through the process [Formula: see text] may further test our scenario at the future LHC.