bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tvrdýite, Fe2+Fe32+Al3(PO4)4(OH)5(OH2)4·2H2O, a new phosphate mineral from Krásno near Horní Slavkov, Czech Republic
Authors: Sejkora J. , Grey I. E. , Kampf A. R. , Price J. R. , Čejka J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTvrdýite, Fe2+Fe3+2A13(PO4)4(OH)5(OH2)4·2H2O, is a new phosphate mineral from the abandoned Huber open pit, in the Krásno ore district near Horní Slavkov, western Bohemia, Czech Republic. It was found along with Al-rich beraunite, fluorapatite and pharmacosiderite in a cavity of quartz gangue. Tvrdýite forms acicular to fibrous crystals with diameters in the range 0.5–5 μm and lengths up to 300 μm, partly grouped in radiating aggregates up to 3 mm in size. It has a silvery to olive, greyish green colour with pearly lustre, greyish-white streak and is very brittle with an uneven fracture; individual fibres are somewhat flexible. Cleavage on {100} is good; the Mohs hardness is ∼3–4. The calculated density is 2.834 g cm–3. Tvrdýite is optically biaxial (–), with α = 1.650(2), β = 1.671(1) and γ = 1.677(1) (white light); 2V = 56(1)°; dispersion: r > v, strong; optical orientation: Z = b, X ≈ a, Y ≈ c; pleochroism: X = greenish blue, Y = yellowish orange, Z = yellowish orange (X>> Y > Z). Tvrdýite is monoclinic, space group C2/c, a = 20.564(4), b = 5.101(1), c = 18.883(4) Å, β = 93.68(3)° and V = 1976.7(7) Å3, Z = 4, a:b:c= 4.031:1:3.702. The strongest eight lines in the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern [d in Å (I)(hkl)] are 10.227 (100) (200), 9.400 (6) (002), 7.156 (14) (202), 5.120 (7) (400), 3.416 (11) (600), 3.278 (6) (602), 2.562 (5) (800) and 2.0511 (3) (10,0,0). Chemical analyses by electron microprobe yielded MnO 0.01, ZnO 5.08, , FeO 4.31, Fe2O3 21.16, Al2O316.71, P2O5 32.64, As2O5 2.56, F 0.53, H2O (calc.) 17.84, O = F –0.22, total 100.62 wt.%. The resulting empirical formula, calculated on the base of 27 anions, obtained from the crystal structure, is Zn0.52Fe2+0.50Fe3+2.21Al2.75(PO4)3.86(AsO4)0.19OH4.60F0.23(OH2)4·2H2O. The ideal formula, Fe2+Fe3+2Al3(PO4)4(OH)5(OH2)4-2H2O, requires FeO 8.75, Fe2O3 19.44, Al2O3 18.62, P2O5 34.56, H2O 18.64, total 100.00 wt.%. The crystal structure of tvrdýite was solved from single-crystal data (synchrotron beamline) and refined to R1 = 0.038 for 2276 reflections with I > 2σ(I). Tvrdýite is isostructural with beraunite, but contains dominant Al in two of the four independent M sites, which are all occupied by Fe in beraunite.
Targetable subsets of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Malawi define therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Morgan Elizabeth A. , Sweeney M. Patrick , Tomoka Tamiwe , Kopp Nadja , Gusenleitner Daniel , Redd Robert A. , Carey Christopher D. , Masamba Leo , Kamiza Steve , Pinkus Geraldine S. , Neuberg Donna S. , Rodig Scott J. , Milner Danny A. , Weinstock David M. 
Published: November 2016

Key Points
NHL subclassification is lacking in Malawi due to resource constraints yet is critical for directing therapy. Targeted gene expression profiling facilitates objective assessment and segregation of biologically defined subsets of NHL from Malawi.
Bortezomib-based antibody depletion for refractory autoimmune hematological diseases
Authors: Ratnasingam Sumita , Walker Patricia A. , Tran Huy , Kaplan Zane S. , McFadyen James D. , Tran Huyen , Teh Tse-Chieh , Fleming Shaun , Catalano John V. , Chunilal Sanjeev D. , Johnston Anna , Opat Stephen S. , Shortt Jake 
Published: November 2016

Key Points
Proteasome inhibition has pleiotropic immunomodulatory properties and is cytotoxic to antibody-producing B lymphocytes and plasma cells. Bortezomib yields high response rates in antibody-mediated autoimmune hematological diseases refractory to conventional immunosuppression.
Distal airway dysfunction identifies pulmonary inflammation in asymptomatic smokers
Authors: Berger Kenneth I. , Pradhan Deepak R. , Goldring Roberta M. , Oppenheimer Beno W. , Rom William N. , Segal Leopoldo N. 
Published: November 2016

Smoking induced inflammation leads to distal airway destruction. However, the relationship between distal airway dysfunction and inflammation remains unclear, particularly in smokers prior to the development of airway obstruction.Seven normal controls and 16 smokers without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were studied. Respiratory function was assessed using the forced oscillation technique (FOT). Abnormal FOT was defined as elevated resistance at 5 Hz (R5). Parameters reflecting distal lung function included frequency dependence of resistance (R5–20) and dynamic elastance (X5). Inflammation was quantified in concentrated bronchoalveolar lavage utilising cell count differential and cytokines expressed as concentration per mL epithelial lining fluid.All control subjects and seven smokers had normalR5. Nine smokers had elevatedR5with abnormalR5–20andX5, indicating distal lung dysfunction. The presence of abnormal FOT was associated with two-fold higher lymphocyte and neutrophil counts (p<0.025) and with higher interleukin (IL)-8, eotaxin and fractalkine levels (p<0.01). Reactivity ofR5–20andX5correlated with levels of IL-8, eotaxin, fractalkine, IL-12p70 and transforming growth factor-α (r>0.47, p<0.01).Distal airway dysfunction in smokers without COPD identifies the presence of distal lung inflammation that parallel reported observations in established COPD. These findings were not evident on routine pulmonary function testing and may allow the identification of smokers at risk of progression to COPD.
Automatic software correction of residual aberrations in reconstructed HRTEM exit waves of crystalline samples
Authors: Ophus Colin , Rasool Haider I , Linck Martin , Zettl Alex , Ciston Jim 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe develop an automatic and objective method to measure and correct residual aberrations in atomic-resolution HRTEM complex exit waves for crystalline samples aligned along a low-index zone axis. Our method uses the approximate rotational point symmetry of a column of atoms or single atom to iteratively calculate a best-fit numerical phase plate for this symmetry condition, and does not require information about the sample thickness or precise structure. We apply our method to two experimental focal series reconstructions, imaging a β-Si3N4 wedge with O and N doping, and a single-layer graphene grain boundary. We use peak and lattice fitting to evaluate the precision of the corrected exit waves. We also apply our method to the exit wave of a Si wedge retrieved by off-axis electron holography. In all cases, the software correction of the residual aberration function improves the accuracy of the measured exit waves.
The Human Adrenal Gland Proteome Defined by Transcriptomics and Antibody-Based Profiling
Authors: Bergman Julia , Botling Johan , Fagerberg Linn , Hallström Björn M. , Djureinovic Dijana , Uhlén Mathias , Pontén Fredrik 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The adrenal gland is a composite endocrine organ with vital functions that include the synthesis and release of glucocorticoids and catecholamines. To define the molecular landscape that underlies the specific functions of the adrenal gland, we combined a genome-wide transcriptomics approach using messenger RNA sequencing of human tissues with immunohistochemistry-based protein profiling on tissue microarrays. Approximately two-thirds of all putative protein coding genes were expressed in the adrenal gland, and the analysis identified 253 genes with an elevated pattern of expression in the adrenal gland, with only 37 genes showing a markedly greater expression level (more than fivefold) in the adrenal gland compared with 31 other normal human tissue types analyzed. The analyses allowed for an assessment of the relative expression levels for well-known proteins involved in adrenal gland function but also identified previously poorly characterized proteins in the adrenal cortex, such as the FERM (4.1 protein, ezrin, radixin, moesin) domain containing 5 and the nephroblastoma overexpressed (NOV) protein homolog. We have provided a global analysis of the adrenal gland transcriptome and proteome, with a comprehensive list of genes with elevated expression in the adrenal gland and spatial information with examples of protein expression patterns for corresponding proteins. These genes and proteins constitute important starting points for an improved understanding of the normal function and pathophysiology of the adrenal glands.
Zika Virus and Patient Blood Management
Authors: Goodnough Lawrence T. , Marques Marisa B. 
Published: November 2016

Sporadic Zika virus infections had only occurred in Africa and Asia until an outbreak in Micronesia (Oceania) in 2007. In 2013 to 2014, several outer Pacific Islands reported local outbreaks. Soon thereafter, the virus was likely introduced in Brazil from competing athletes from French Polynesia and other countries that participated in a competition there. Transmission is thought to have occurred through mosquito bites and spread to the immunologically naive population. Being also a flavivirus, the Zika virus is transmitted by the Aedes mosquito that is endemic in South and Central America that is also the vector of West Nile virus, dengue, and chikungunya. In less than a year, physicians in Brazil reported a many-fold increase in the number of babies born with microcephaly. Despite initial skepticism regarding the causal association of the Zika virus epidemic and birth defects, extensive basic and clinical research evidence has now confirmed this relationship. In the United States, more than 4000 travel-associated infections have been reported by the middle of 2016 to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Furthermore, many local mosquito-borne infections have occurred in Puerto Rico and Florida. Considering that the virus causes a viremia in which 80% of infected individuals have no symptoms, the potential for transfusion transmission from an asymptomatic blood donor is high if utilizing donor screening alone without testing. Platelet units have been shown to infect 2 patients via transfusion in Brazil. Although there was an investigational nucleic acid test available for testing donors, not all blood centers were initially required to participate. Subsequently, the US Food and Drug Administration issued a guidance in August 2016 that recommended universal nucleic acid testing for the Zika virus on blood donors.
In this report, we review the potentially devastating effects of Zika virus infection during pregnancy and its implication in cases of Guillain–Barre syndrome in adults. Furthermore, we urge hospital-based clinicians and transfusion medicine specialists to implement perisurgical patient blood management strategies to avoid blood component transfusions with their potential risks of emerging pathogens, illustrated here by the Zika virus. Ultimately, this current global threat, as described by the World Health Organization, will inevitably be followed by future outbreaks of other bloodborne pathogens; the principles and practices of perioperative patient blood management will reduce the risks from not only known, but also unknown risks of blood transfusion for our patients.
The role of the antioxidant system during intense endurance exercise: lessons from migrating birds
Authors: Cooper-Mullin Clara , McWilliams Scott R. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
During migration, birds substantially increase their metabolic rate and burn fats as fuel and yet somehow avoid succumbing to overwhelming oxidative damage. The physiological means by which vertebrates such as migrating birds can counteract an increased production of reactive species (RS) are rather limited: they can upregulate their endogenous antioxidant system and/or consume dietary antioxidants (prophylactically or therapeutically). Thus, birds can alter different components of their antioxidant system to respond to the demands of long-duration flights, but much remains to be discovered about the complexities of RS production and antioxidant protection throughout migration. Here, we use bird migration as an example to discuss how RS are produced during endurance exercise and how the complex antioxidant system can protect against cellular damage caused by RS. Understanding how a bird's antioxidant system responds during migration can lend insights into how antioxidants protect birds during other life-history stages when metabolic rate may be high, and how antioxidants protect other vertebrates from oxidative damage during endurance exercise.
The role of plantigrady and heel-strike in the mechanics and energetics of human walking with implications for the evolution of the human foot
Authors: Webber James T. , Raichlen David A. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Human bipedal locomotion is characterized by a habitual heel-strike (HS) plantigrade gait, yet the significance of walking foot-posture is not well understood. To date, researchers have not fully investigated the costs of non-heel-strike (NHS) walking. Therefore, we examined walking speed, walk-to-run transition speed, estimated locomotor costs (lower limb muscle volume activated during walking), impact transient (rapid increase in ground force at touchdown) and effective limb length (ELL) in subjects (n=14) who walked at self-selected speeds using HS and NHS gaits. HS walking increases ELL compared with NHS walking since the center of pressure translates anteriorly from heel touchdown to toe-off. NHS gaits led to decreased absolute walking speeds (P=0.012) and walk-to-run transition speeds (P=0.0025), and increased estimated locomotor energy costs (P&lt;0.0001) compared with HS gaits. These differences lost significance after using the dynamic similarity hypothesis to account for the effects of foot landing posture on ELL. Thus, reduced locomotor costs and increased maximum walking speeds in HS gaits are linked to the increased ELL compared with NHS gaits. However, HS walking significantly increases impact transient values at all speeds (P&lt;0.0001). These trade-offs may be key to understanding the functional benefits of HS walking. Given the current debate over the locomotor mechanics of early hominins and the range of foot landing postures used by nonhuman apes, we suggest the consistent use of HS gaits provides key locomotor advantages to striding bipeds and may have appeared early in hominin evolution.
Episiotomy and women's sexual function 2–5 years after childbirth: A study from the Czech Republic
Authors: Kramná Petra , Vrublová Yvetta 
Published: November 2016

Background: Episiotomy is one of the most common interventions during the second stage of labour. Some studies have identified episiotomy as a risk factor for pain during sexual intercourse. Aims: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to establish the effect of episiotomy on the sexual function of women 2–5 years after a vaginal birth. Methods: Women with episiotomy were compared with four control groups: women with intact perineum, women with first-degree perineal tear, women with second-degree perineal tear and women with third- and fourth-degree perineal tear. Data were collected from 13 private gynaecological clinics in three regions in the Czech Republic during August–September 2013. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) was used. Response rate was 41% (246/600 questionnaires); 35 questionnaires were excluded, so the final sample was 211 women. The Kruskal–Wallis test was performed on all women in the study (n = 211) and then again for only the primiparous women (n = 112). Findings: In all samples in women with second-degree perineal tears, lower score values were found in the domains of arousal and orgasm, and these women had a lower total FSFI score compared to those with first-degree perineal tears and women who received an episiotomy. However, in primiparous women only, there was no difference between these groups. Conclusions: Further research is required to establish the effect of episiotomy on women's sexual function.
Treating a miner with underground phobia
Authors: Blore David C 
Published: November 2016

Care study Mike, a 46-year-old coal miner from a mining family, was involved in a ‘tripping out’ incident at work which caused him to develop underground phobia and to be off work for 3 months. A referral for behavioural psychotherapy was made by the British Coal Occupational Health Service. After treatment consisting of a modified form of rapid exposure, Mike returned to work. Two years later he is still at work.
Alzheimer's disease 2: caring for a woman with Alzheimer-type dementia
Authors: Creed Jacqueline 
Published: November 2016

Care study Jenny, an 86-year-old widow, was admitted to an acute rehabilitation ward for the elderly following a fall in her warden- assisted home. Her caretaker had found her lying on the floor. She had fractured her left humerus. Jenny had been diagnosed as suffering from Alzheimer-type dementia, which had affected her memory. Remote memory was relatively intact but memory for recent events was grossly impaired. Jenny retained some insight into her memory loss and used strategies to compensate. She carried a diary with her to document important information and events during the day.
Book review supplement
Authors: Nolan Mike , McNair Hilary , McKenna Gilean , Riley Liz , Parrish Alan A , Hope Pam 
Published: November 2016

Care Planning for the Older Adult. Nursing Diagnosis in Long-Term Care Royal Marsden Hospital, Manual of Standards of Care Expanding the Role of the Nurse — the Scope of Professional Practice The Research Experience in Nursing Severe Learning Disabilities and Challenging Behaviours: Designing High Quality Services Pain Management and Nursing Care
Incidence of epilepsy among patients with cerebral palsy
Authors: Sianturi Pertin , Sarifuddin Amir , Saing Bistok 
Published: November 2016

Epilepsy is a chronic condition due to cerebral function disorders. Epilepsy occurs as a common complication of many neurological disorders such as cerebral palsy (CP) that can affect further brain damage especially if they are with prolonged seizure. The incidence of epilepsy among patients with CP varies between 25-35%. The high incidence of epilepsy among patients with CP suggests that this disorder has common or related origins. We carried out the retrospective study to determine incidence of epilepsy among patients with CP registered within July 1988 to June 1998 in YPAC Medan and to determine whether the incidence of epilepsy differed according to type of CP. Data were compiled from medical records, including name, sex, parity, mothers age, prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal history, and EEG results. Data were analyzed using statistical computer program and its significance was evaluated by chi square test at p < 0,05. There were 67 cases with CP, 53 cases spastic CP, 13 cases mixed CP and one case dyskinetic CP. Of the 67 cases CP, 47,8% male, 52,2% female and mean age 50,3 (SD 36,9) months. There were 25 (37,3%) patients CP associated with epilepsy, 72% general seizures, 20% partial seizures, and 8% infantile spasms. The incidence of epilepsy was significant different among patients with CP associated with type of CP and gestasional age, p < 0,05. We concluded that incidence of epilepsy among patients with CP in YPAC Medan was 37,3% and significantly different among patients with CP according to type CP and gestasional age.
Clinical and laboratory features of childhood systemic lupus erythematosus and its course in Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta
Authors: Munasir Zakiudin , Mariana Tuty , Suradi Rulina 
Published: November 2016

A descriptive, retrospective study has been performed among 33 children with SLE during the period of January 1986 to December 1999 in Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. The results of the present study show that SLE in childhood was more commonly found in girls than in boys, with a ratio of 4.5: 1. The mean age of onset was 10.5 years and the mean age of diagnosis was 10.9 years, most frequently observed in the age of > 10 years and rarely found in the age of < 5 years. The time interval between the time of onset and time of diagnosis ranged from 1 to 24 months and the most frequent interval was 1-3 months. The most common initial symptoms were prolonged fever, rash on the skin and face, and athralgia. In its natural history of the disease, kidneys, skin/mucous membrane and joints are the most frequent organs involved. Most of the SLE patients develop anemia. Positive anti ds-DNA, ANA and decreased levels of C3 and C4 respectively in 28 (28/31), in 29 (29/30), in 25 (25/33), and in 19 (19/27) cases. LE cells were encountered only in four (4/17) cases. Out of 11 cases upon which renal biopsies were done, the most common histological features were mesangeal glomerulonephritis (class II) and diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (class IV). The mean time interval between the onset and renal complication manifestations was 6.96 months, cardiac complication was 16.77 months, central nerve system was 22.71 months and lungs were 25.0 months. Duration of illness of patients with SLE ranged from 2 to 175 with the mean of 31.3 months. The causes of death were mostly due to gastrointestinal bleeding and renal failure.
Serum bilirubin concentration in breast-fed newborn babies at Larantuka General Hospital, East Flores
Authors: P. Tri Yasa , S. Abdul Hamid 
Published: November 2016

Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a common problem not only to pediatricians but also to the parents. Breastfeeding is known as one of the factors associated with hyperbilirubinemia. The aim of the study was to determine serum bilirubin concentration and factors related to hyperbilirubinemia in breast-fed newborn babies. A cross sectional study was done on 45 well babies born at Larantuka General Hospital, East Flores, from August to October 1998. Data including personal data, frequency of breast-feeding, frequency of urination, meconium passage, and weight loss, were collected through questionnaires, presented in tables, and analyzed using chi-square test. The prevalence of hyperbilirubinemia in breast-fed babies was 13%. It was correlated significantly with the frequency of breast-feeding (p<0.01), meconium passage (p<0.02), sufficiency of breast milk (p<0.05), and weight loss (p<0.05). The significant risk factors for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia were the frequency of breast-feeding, meconium passage, sufficiency of breast milk, and weight loss. Immediate and frequent breast-feeding is recommended for the management of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.