bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UCov: a user‐defined coverage criterion for test case intent verification
Authors: Assi Rawad Abou , Masri Wes , Zaraket Fadi 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThe goal of regression testing is to ensure that the behaviour of existing code, believed correct by previous testing, is not altered by new program changes. This paper argues that the primary focus of regression testing should be on code associated with (1) earlier bug fixes and (2) particular application scenarios considered to be important by the developer or tester. Existing coverage criteria do not enable such focus, for example, 100% branch coverage does not guarantee that a given bug fix is exercised or a given application scenario is tested. Therefore, there is a need for a new and complementary coverage criterion in which the user can definea test requirement characterizing a given behaviour to be covered as opposed to choosing from a pool of pre‐defined and generic program elements. This paper proposes this new methodology and calls it UCov, a user‐defined coverage criterion wherein a test requirement is an execution pattern of program elements, and possibly predicates, that a test case must satisfy. The proposed criterion is not meant to replace existing criteria, but to complement them as it focuses the testing on important code patterns that could go untested otherwise. UCov supports test case intent verification. For example, following a bug fix, the testing team may augment the regression suite with the test case that revealed the bug. However, this test case might become obsolete due to code modifications not related to the bug. But if a test requirement characterizing the bug was defined by the user, UCov would determine that test case intent verification failed. The UCov methodology was implemented for the Java platform, was successfully applied onto 10 real‐life case studies and was shown to have advantages over JUnit. The implementation comprises the following tools: (1) TRSpec: allows the user to easily specify complex test requirements; (2) TRCheck: checks whether user‐defined test requirements were satisfied, that is, supports test case intent verification; and (3) TRMigrate: migrates user‐defined test requirements to subsequent versions of a given program. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A balanced approach for stable hips in children with cerebral palsy: A combination of moderate VDRO and pelvic osteotomy
Authors: Reidy Kerstin , Heidt Christoph , Dierauer Stefan , Huber Hanspeter 
Published: June 2016

Background Hip reconstructive surgery in cerebral palsy (CP) patients necessitates either femoral varus derotational osteotomy (VDRO) or pelvic osteotomy, or both. The purpose of this study is to review the results of a moderate varisation [planned neck shaft angle (NSA) of 130°] in combination with pelvic osteotomy for a consecutive series of patients. Methods Patients with CP who had been treated at our institution for hip dysplasia, subluxation or dislocation with VDRO in combination with pelvic osteotomy between 2005 and 2010 were reviewed. Results Forty patients with a mean follow-up of 5.4 years were included. The mean age at the time of operation was 8.9 years. The majority were non-ambulant children [GMFCS I–III: n = 11 (27.5 %); GMFCS IV–V: n = 29 (72.5 %)]. In total, 57 hips were treated with both femoral and pelvic osteotomy. The mean pre-operative NSA angle of 152.3° was reduced to 132.6° post-operatively. Additional adductor tenotomy was performed in nine hips (16 %) at initial operation. Reimers’ migration percentage (MP) was improved from 63.6 % pre-operatively to 2.7 % post-operatively and showed a mean of 9.7 % at the final review. The results were good in 96.5 % ( n = 55) with centred, stable hips (MP <33 %), fair in one with a subluxated hip (MP 42 %) and poor in one requiring revision pelvic osteotomy for ventral instability. Conclusions This approach maintains good hip abduction and reduces soft-tissue surgery. Moderate varisation in VDRO in combination with pelvic osteotomy leads to good mid-term results with stable, pain-free hips, even in patients with severe spastic quadriplegia.
Reducing the Risk of Breast Cancer Recurrence: an Evaluation of the Effects and Mechanisms of Diet and Exercise
Authors: Dieli-Conwright Christina M. , Lee Kyuwan , Kiwata Jacqueline L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWith recent medical advances in diagnosis and treatment, the increasing numbers of long-term survivors of breast cancer is considerable and has resulted in the expansion of scientific research to include examination of lifestyle modifications as means of prevention of recurrence, new breast cancer events, and mortality. The objective of this report is to review randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including diet and/or exercise interventions on breast cancer recurrence in women with a history of breast cancer as well as pertinent recent epidemiologic evidence. Implicated biologic mechanisms are discussed to elucidate the impact of diet and exercise on disease recurrence.
Intravenous and Oral Contrast vs Intravenous Contrast Alone Computed Tomography for the Visualization of Appendix and Diagnosis of Appendicitis in Adult Emergency Department Patients
Authors: Wadhwani Aman , Guo Lancia , Saude Erik , Els Hein , Lang Eddie , McRae Andrew , Bhayana Deepak 
Published: June 2016

Purpose The study sought to compare radiologist's ability to 1) visualize the appendix; 2) diagnose acute appendicitis; and 3) diagnose alternative pathologies responsible for acute abdominal pain among adult patients undergoing computed tomography (CT) scan with 3 different protocols: 1) intravenous (IV) contrast only; 2) IV and oral contrast with 1-hour transit time; and 3) IV and oral contrast with 3-hour transit time. Methods We collected data of 225 patients; 75 consecutive patients with a clinical suspicion of appendicitis received oral contrast for 3 hours and IV contrast, 75 received oral contrast for 1 hour and IV contrast, and 75 trauma patients received IV contrast only. Three independent reviewers, blinded to final pathology, retrospectively analysed the cases and documented visualization of the appendix, periappendiceal structures, and their confidence in diagnosing appendicitis. Clinical diagnoses were derived from a combination of clinical, surgical, pathologic, or radiologic follow-up. Results Frequency of visualizing the appendix within IV group alone was 87.3%, IV with oral for 1 hour was 94.1%, and IV with oral for 3 hours was 93.8%. Both oral contrast groups had 100% sensitivity and negative predictive value in diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Specificity for the 1- and 3-hour oral contrast groups was 94.1% and 96.1%, respectively and positive predictive value for both groups was 92%. Conclusions Our findings suggest that reader confidence in visualizing the appendix improved with addition of oral contrast as compared to IV contrast alone. One- and 3-hour oral regimens have a similar diagnostic performance in diagnosing appendicitis.
MCP‐1 and eotaxin‐1 selectively and negatively associate with memory in MCI and Alzheimer's disease dementia phenotypes
Authors: Bettcher Brianne M. , Fitch Ryan , Wynn Matthew J. , Lalli Matthew A. , Elofson Jonathan , Jastrzab Laura , Mitic Laura , Miller Zachary A. , Rabinovici Gil D. , Miller Bruce L. , Kao Aimee W. , Kosik Kenneth S. , Kramer Joel H. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIntroductionMCP‐1 and eotaxin‐1 are encoded on chromosome 17 and have been shown to reduce hippocampal neurogenesis in mice. We investigated whether these chemokines selectively associate with memory in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia.MethodsMCP‐1 and eotaxin‐1 were assayed in controls, MCI, and AD dementia patients with varying phenotypes (n = 171). A subset of 55 individuals had magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans available. Composite scores for cognitive variables were created, and medial temporal lobe volumes were obtained.ResultsAn interaction was noted between MCP‐1 and eotaxin‐1, such that deleterious associations with memory were seen when both chemokines were elevated. These associations remained significant after adding APOE genotype and comparison (non‐chromosome 17) chemokines into the model. These chemokines predicted left medial temporal lobe volume and were not related to other cognitive domains.DiscussionThese results suggest a potentially selective role for MCP‐1 and eotaxin‐1 in memory dysfunction in the context of varied MCI and AD dementia phenotypes.
Does the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Self‐Assessment Examination for Residents Predict the Chances of Passing the Part 1 Board Certification Examination?
Authors: Massagli Teresa L. , Gittler Michelle S. , Raddatz Mikaela M. , Robinson Lawrence R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundEach year, residents in accredited United States Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PMR) residency programs can take the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (AAPM&R) Self‐Assessment Examination for Residents (SAE‐R). This 150‐question, multiple‐choice examination is intended for self‐assessment of physiatric knowledge, but its predictive value for performance on the part 1 American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Certification Examination (ABPMR‐CE) is unknown.ObjectiveTo investigate the predictive value of the SAE‐R in relation to the part 1 ABPMR‐CE.DesignRetrospective study.MethodsData were analyzed from first time takers of the part 1 ABPMR‐CE during a 5‐year period from 2010 through 2014 who took at least 1 SAE‐R in the third or fourth postgraduate year (PGY) of residency.Main Outcome MeasurementsRaw scores from the SAE‐R were compared with scaled scores on the part 1 examination. Regression models analyzed the predictive value of the SAE‐R total score for each PGY level.ResultsSAE‐R raw scores increased an average of 5.5 points between the PGY 3 and PGY 4 year. PGY3 SAE‐R raw scores accounted for 24.8% and PGY4 SAE‐R scores for 27.1% of the variance in part 1 ABPMR‐CE scores (P < .0001). Residents who obtained a raw score greater than 80 (53% correct) on the SAE‐R had an 80% or greater chance of passing the ABPMR‐CE. Scores greater than 90 (60% correct) on the SAE‐R were associated with a 95% chance of passing the ABPMR‐CE.ConclusionThe SAE‐R scores provide some information regarding the likelihood of passing the part 1 certification examination. This study supports the SAE‐R as a means of providing PMR residents with feedback regarding their level of knowledge.
RISK AND RETURNS OF SPRING AND FALL CALVING FOR BEEF CATTLE IN TENNESSEE
Authors: HENRY GAVIN W. , BOYER CHRISTOPHER N. , GRIFFITH ANDREW P. , LARSON JAMES , SMITH AARON , LEWIS KAREN 
Published: June 2016

Abstract:We determined the profitability and risk for spring- and fall-calving beef cows in Tennessee. Simulation models were developed using 19 years of data and considered the seasonality of cattle prices and feed prices for least-cost feed rations to find a distribution of net returns for spring- and fall-calving seasons for two weaning months. Fall calving was more profitable than the spring calving for all feed rations and weaning months. Fall calving was also risk preferred over spring calving for all levels of risk aversion. Higher calf prices at weaning were the primary factor influencing the risk efficiency of fall calving.
Delayed complications and functional outcome of isolated sternal fracture after emergency department discharge: a prospective, multicentre cohort study
Authors: Racine Samuel , Émond Marcel , Audette-Côté Jean-Sébastien , Le Sage Natalie , Guimont Chantal , Moore Lynne , Chauny Jean-Marc , Bergeron Éric , Vanier Laurent 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the incidence of delayed complications, specifically hemothorax, and functional outcome in patients with isolated sternal fracture discharged from the emergency department (ED) compared to patients with other minor thoracic trauma.MethodsThis prospective cohort study was conducted in four university-affiliated Canadian EDs. Patients ages 16 and older discharged from the ED with an isolated minor thoracic injury were included and categorized as isolated sternal fracture, rib fracture, or no fracture. A standardized clinical and radiological follow-up was performed at 7 and 14 days as well as a phone follow-up at 30 and 90 days post-injury. Functional outcome was determined using the Medical Outcome Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12).ResultsA total of 969 patients were included, of whom 32 (3.3%) had an isolated sternal fracture, 304 (31.3%) had rib fracture, and 633 (65.3%) had no fracture. Within 14 days, 112 patients presented with a delayed hemothorax: 12.5% of sternal fracture patients, 23% of rib fracture(s) patients, and 6% of minor thoracic injury patients without fracture (p<0.05). At 90 days, 57.1% of patients with sternal fracture had moderate to severe disability compared to 25.4% and 21.2% for both of the other groups, respectively (p<0.001).ConclusionIn this prospective study, we found that 12.5% (n=4,p<0.05) of patients with sternal fracture developed a delayed hemothorax, but the clinical significance of this remains questionable. The proportion of patients with sternal fracture who had moderate to severe disability was significantly higher than that of patients with other minor thoracic trauma.
Profile and Management of Musculoskeletal Injuries Associated With the Lushan Earthquake in 2013
Authors: Chen Xuxu , Yang Tianfu , Li Jian 
Published: June 2016

AbstractOn April 20, 2013, a 7.0-magnitude earthquake hit Lushan County, Ya’an City, Sichuan Province in southwest China. West China Hospital of Sichuan University, the largest and best hospital in Sichuan Province, is located in the city of Chengdu—about 100 km from the epicenter—and provided medical treatment to a total of 400 seismic patients. In this article, we retrospectively investigated 199 patients with musculoskeletal injuries who were treated in the Department of Orthopedics. Based on the seismic intensity distribution map, injury-occurring locations were divided into 5 grade-related areas: IX, VIII, VII, VI, and ≤V grade-area. The characteristics of seismic injuries were analyzed according to the geographic distribution of victims. We found that the constituent ratio of injury causes significantly differed in different earthquake areas according to the seismic intensity. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018; 12: 408–410)
New species from Late Cretaceous New Jersey amber and stasis in subfamily Attageninae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Dermestidae)
Authors: Peris David , Háva Jiří 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA new fossil species of Dermestidae (Insecta: Coleoptera), preserved in Late Cretaceous (Turonian) amber from New Jersey, is described asAttagenus(Aethriostoma)turonianensisn. sp. The specimen is fossilized in translucent amber, but 3D imaging using propagation phase-contrast X-ray synchrotron microtomography allowed detailed classification and description. This species is the oldest representative of the subfamily Attageninae and the third fossil species described in the family from the entire Mesozoic. Dermestidae comprise beetle species that typically feed on carcasses, although some Recent species ofAttagenusLatreille, 1802 are known to feed on plant debris, which is highly abundant in amber deposit sediments. This new species is evidence for diversification in the family during the Early Cretaceous as well as long morphological conservation of diagnostic features of the genusAttagenusfrom the Late Cretaceous. Analyzing the taxa from Mesozoic ambers that show stasis, the small size of the specimens together with a specific ecology could explain the stability of these lineages.
Earliest Evidence of Neolithic Collective Burials from Eastern Iberia: Radiocarbon Dating at the Archaeological Site of Les Llometes (Alicante, Spain)
Authors: Salazar-García Domingo C , García-Puchol Oreto , de Miguel-Ibáñez María Paz , Talamo Sahra 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn the Valencia region of Spain, the dominant use of natural caves for collective burials during the Late Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods has been documented. Collective burials are central to the hypothesis about social relationships in Copper Age societies from Iberia, and key to interpreting kinship-based societies. Les Llometes (Alcoi, Alicante) is one of the biggest collective burial sites existing in eastern Iberia. This article presents the direct14C dates on 25 skeletal remains at the site. The results indicate that the site was used as a burial place from the end of the 5th millennium cal BC until the end of the 4th millennium cal BC, and is a first milestone for future studies that will shed light on the transition towards social structure through the use of a cemetery space. Moreover, this research is one of the few investigations of Late Neolithic collective burials in Iberia that comprises an extensive accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS)14C data set of almost all the individuals reported at a single site. This case also serves to highlight the utility of revisiting materials from historic excavations by14C dating all the skeletal remains that define the minimum number of individuals, and therefore ensuring a more complete picture of the prehistoric human record.
Morphometric and phylogenetic analyses of Serpentirhabdias viperidicus n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae) from the lancehead snake Bothrops moojeni Hoge, 1966 (Reptilia: Serpentes: Viperidae) in Brazil
Authors: Morais D.H. , Aguiar A. , Müller M.I. , Narciso R.B. , da Silva L.A.F. , da Silva R.J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSerpentirhabdias viperidicus n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae) is described from the lungs of the ‘Brazilian lancehead’ Bothrops moojeni (Hoge, 1966) from the savannah in São Paulo State, Brazil. The new species is the eighth species of Serpentirhabdias described in the Neotropical region, and differs from other species mainly by a combination of characters: lips slightly notable, presence of fine striations at posterior ends, presence of two parallel lines with intercalated pores, a pore-shaped phasmid situated at the level of the anal aperture and another two in the posterior half of the tail. It is the first species of Serpentirhabdias reported in this snake host and the second species of this genus found parasitizing South American viperidian snakes. Molecular phylogenetic analysis using ribosomal (ITS and 28S partial) genes confirms Serpentirhabdias viperidicus n. sp. as a new species that clustered in the Serpentirhabdias clade, sister taxon to Serpentirhabdias fuscovenosa and Serpentirhabdias elaphe. This is the first description of Serpentirhabdias species from Brazil using molecular approaches and morphological characters to confirm the monophyly of this recent genus.
Before the Body Count: Homicide Statistics and Everyday Security in Latin America
Authors: WILLIS GRAHAM DENYER 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHomicide statistics are a widely accepted metric of security and democracy. This article argues for a focus on how bodies come or do not come to be counted – of what happens before states enumerate. The experience of São Paulo relates that how many people die and how many do not is connected to the governance of an organised crime group known as the PCC. The punishment practices of the PCC and groups like it throughout Latin America reshape the lived paradigm of governance over life and death, albeit in concealed ways. Statistics are produced by and are productive of a de jure state, different from the state de facto. The acceptance of state-made homicide figures, whether for analysis, visualisation or political claims, is consequential for the future of lived security and social science knowledge production.
Women's Voices, Men's Lives: Masculinity in a North Indian Urdu newspaper
Authors: ROBB MEGAN EATON 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLiterary journals and newspapers aiming to reform the religious beliefs and domestic habits of women were common in early twentieth-century North India. Although most readings have focused on how these texts reflected male legislation of women's behaviour, we should look at Muslim reformist literature to understand male experiences; this investigation offers new insights into an emergent middle-class identity defined more by manners than birth. Readings of a previously little-researched Urdu newspaper,Madinah, and its women's section offer new insights on male experiences of reformism, characterized by profound ambivalence. Playfulness emerged in some reformist descriptions of women's voices, channelling the influence ofrekhti. UltimatelyMadinahcultivated pride in Islam's strict division of gender roles and conversely threatened men with shame for failing to regulate uneducated women. Descriptions of powerful, Ottoman women warriors were framed to incite men to acts of bravery, using reports from Europe as cautionary examples of the over-indulgence of women. While the newspaper offered outlets for men to express curiosity about women's experiences, ultimately reformist literature limited expressions of pleasure. Male ambivalence regarding the implications of the reformist project remained embedded in writing about women.
Temporal reproduction and its neuroanatomical correlates in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and their unaffected first-degree relatives
Authors: Pironti V. A. , Lai M.-C. , Morein-Zamir S. , Müller U. , Bullmore E. T. , Sahakian B. J. 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundLittle is known about time perception, its putative role as cognitive endophenotype, and its neuroanatomical underpinnings in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).MethodTwenty adults with ADHD, 20 unaffected first-degree relatives and 20 typically developing controls matched for age and gender undertook structural magnetic resonance imaging scans. Voxel-based morphometry with DARTEL was performed to obtain regional grey-matter volumes. Temporal processing was investigated as a putative cognitive endophenotype using a temporal reproduction paradigm. General linear modelling was employed to examine the relationship between temporal reproduction performances and grey-matter volumes.ResultsADHD participants were impaired in temporal reproduction and unaffected first-degree relatives performed in between their ADHD probands and typically developing controls. Increased grey-matter volume in the cerebellum was associated with poorer temporal reproduction performance.ConclusionsAdults with ADHD are impaired in time reproduction. Performances of the unaffected first-degree relatives are in between ADHD relatives and controls, suggesting that time reproduction might be a cognitive endophenotype for adult ADHD. The cerebellum is involved in time reproduction and might play a role in driving time performances.