bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specific Lobar Affection Reveals a Rostrocaudal Gradient in Functional Outcome in Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Gerner Stefan T. , Kuramatsu Joji B. , Moeller Sebastian , Huber Angelika , Lücking Hannes , Kloska Stephan P. , Madžar Dominik , Sembill Jochen A. , Schwab Stefan , Huttner Hagen B. 
Published: February 2017

Background and Purpose—
Several studies have reported a better functional outcome in lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) compared with deep location. However, among lobar ICH, a correlation of hemorrhage site—involving the specific lobes—with functional outcome has not been established.

Methods—
Conservatively treated patients with supratentorial ICH, admitted to our hospital over a 5-year period (2008–2012), were retrospectively analyzed. Lobar patients were classified as isolated or overlapping ICH according to affected lobes. Demographic, clinical, and radiological characteristics were recorded and compared among lobar ICH patients using above subclassification. Functional outcome—dichotomized into favorable (modified Rankin Scale, 0–3) and unfavorable (modified Rankin Scale, 4–6)—was assessed after 3 and 12 months. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify predictors for favorable outcome.

Results—

Of overall 553 patients, 260 had lobar ICH. In isolated lobar ICH, median hematoma-volume decreased from rostral (frontal, 22.4 mL [7.3–55.5 mL]) to caudal (occipital, 7.1 mL [5.2–16.4 mL];
P
=0.045), whereas the proportion of patients with favorable outcome increased (frontal: 23/63 [36.5%] versus occipital: 10/12 [83.3%];
P
=0.003). Patients with overlapping lobar ICH had larger ICH volumes than isolated lobar ICH (overlapping, 48.9 mL [22.6–78.5 mL] versus 15.3 mL [5.0–44.6 mL];
P
<0.001) and poorer clinical status on admission (Glasgow Coma Scale and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale). Correlations with anatomic aspects provided evidence of a rostrocaudal gradient with increasing gray/white-matter ratio and decreasing hematoma-volume and rate of hematoma enlargement from frontal to occipital ICH location. Multivariate analysis revealed affection of occipital lobe (odds ratio, 3.75 [1.38–10.22]) and affection of frontal lobe (odds ratio, 0.52 [0.28–0.94]) to be independent predictors for favorable outcome and unfavorable outcome, respectively.

Conclusions—
Among patients with lobar ICH radiological and outcome characteristics differed according to location. Especially affection of the frontal lobe was frequent and associated with unfavorable outcome after 3 months.
Notice from Chief Editor
Authors: ZHANG ZHI-QIANG 
Published: February 2017

The first issue of Zootaxa was published on 28 May 2001. On 27 May 2005, Zootaxa 1000 was published. In four years, over 1100 authors from all over the world had published 1000 papers/monographs in more than 23000 pages. Papers range from 4 to 1295 pages. Most papers were published within one month after acceptance by editors. Zootaxa has established itself as a major international journal in systematic zoology.
The millipede type specimens in the Collections of the Field Museum of Natural History (Arthropoda: Diplopoda)
Authors: SIERWALD PETRA , BOND JASON E. , GURDA GRZEGORZ T. 
Published: February 2017

Field Museum’s Millipede Collection currently comprises 376 type lots for 208 species. Types of the millipede orders Glomeridesmida (4 species), Sphaerotheriida (2 species), Polyzoniida (1 species), Platydesmida (7 species), Siphonophorida (8 species), Stemmiulida (10 species), Chordeumatida (17 species), Polydesmida (103 species), Spirobolida (33 species), Spirostreptida (19 species), and Julida (4 species) are represented. The collection contains type specimens of species described by the authors Bond & Sierwald (3 species), Chamberlin (95 species), Golovatch (1 species), Golovatch, Vohland & Hoffman (4 species), Hoffmann (8 species), Keeton (1 species), Loomis (85 species), Mauriès (2 species), Shear (4 species), Shear & Leonard (1 species), Shelley (1 species), Vohland (1 species), and Wesener & Sierwald (2 species). Amplinus fortinus Chamberlin, 1952 (Polydesmida: Aphelidesmidae) is identified as a nomen nudum. The millipede type material is separated from the main collection and vials are organized by order in jars. All lots are indentified with a unique collection number. Specimen data are cataloged and maintained in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. The collection catalog is slated to be moved to a relational database (KE-EMU) within the next few years.
Six new species of Pseudotremia from caves of the Tennessee Cumberland Plateau (Diplopoda: Chordeumatida: Cleidogonidae)
Authors: LEWIS JULIAN J. 
Published: February 2017

Six new species of the milliped genus Pseudotremia are described and illustrated from caves of the Cumberland Plateau in east-central Tennessee (USA): Pseudotremia barri, P. garlandae, P. hollidayi, P. manni, P. roebuckorum, and P. wallaceae. The degree of troglomorphism in these species varies, leaving their ecological status as troglobites versus troglophiles uncertain. New records of P .acheron Shear and P. minos Shear are given, and the probable extinction of the Nickajack Cave population of P. eburnea Loomis is noted. Many species in Pseudotremia remain undescribed, making discussion of the zoogeography or evolution of the group inconclusive until the genus is better known.
Revision of the South American freshwater genus Plagioscion (Teleostei, Perciformes, Sciaenidae)
Authors: CASATTI LILIAN 
Published: February 2017

The South American freshwater sciaenid genus Plagioscion is reviewed. Five of the 15 nominal species assigned to the genus are considered to be valid: Plagioscion squamosissimus, widely distributed in Atlantic drainages east of the Andes; P. auratus from the Río Orinoco and Río Amazonas basins; P. magdalenae from the Río Magdalena and Río Amazonas basins; P. ternetzi from the lower Río Paraná, Río Paraguay and Río Uruguay basins; and P. montei from the Río Amazonas basin.
Observed Variability of Cloud Frequency and Cloud-Base Height within 3600 m above the Surface over the Contiguous United States
Authors: An Ning , Wang Kaicun , Zhou Chunlüe , Pinker Rachel T. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The geographic and temporal variability of the surface–3600-m cloud frequency and cloud-base height over the contiguous United States for a 5-yr period (2008–12) and the interannual variations for a 16-yr period (2000–15) are described using information from the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) observations. Clouds were separated into four categories by the cloud amount reported by ASOS: few (FEW), scattered (SCT), broken (BKN), and overcast (OVC). The geographic distributions and seasonal and diurnal cycles of the four categories of surface–3600-m cloud frequency have different patterns. Cloud frequency of FEW, SCT, and BKN peaks just after noon, whereas the frequency of OVC peaks in the early morning. However, the geographic distributions and seasonal and diurnal cycles of the four categories of the surface–3600-m cloud-base height are similar. The diurnal cycles of the cloud-base height within the surface–3600-m level present a minimum in the morning and peak in the late afternoon or early evening. Cloud frequency and cloud-base height within this range are closely related to surface air temperature and humidity conditions. From 2000 to 2015, the cloud frequency in the contiguous United States showed a positive trend of 0.28% yr−1 while the cloud-base height showed a negative trend of −4 m yr−1 for the surface–3600-m level, accompanied with a positive trend of precipitation days (0.14 days yr−1). Moreover, the increase of cloud frequency and the decrease of cloud-base height were most obvious in winter in the eastern half of the contiguous United States.
South Korea’s middle power diplomacy: A case of growing compatibility between regional and global roles
Authors: Mo Jongryn 
Published: February 2017

South Korea has emerged as a new middle power that plays a significant role in a wide range of important global issue areas and supports liberal international order with its leadership diplomacy. Even though regional challenges will continue to demand large foreign policy resources including time, human resources, and budget, the middle power orientation of South Korean foreign policy behaviour and strategy—for example, multilateralism, the rule of law, and promotion of cooperation and compromise—will remain in place even in the conduct of regional foreign policy. This optimism is based on the fact that South Korea is a middle power not only in global governance but also in the East Asian region. Even on the issue of North Korea’s nuclear weapons, the most important foreign policy challenge of the day, the South has accepted the regionalization of the issue and, over time, its middle power role. It has relied on the middle power strategy of mobilizing international pressure on the North rather than deploying and strengthening its unilateral options such as the use of force or massive economic aid. In order to fully realize the promise and potential of middle power diplomacy, however, South Korea must make strong efforts to alleviate structural constraints on a middle power strategy. First, Korean leaders should undertake a full-scale campaign to de-nationalize Korean education and, thus, Korean foreign policy orientations. Second, a strong domestic consensus should emerge giving the national interest precedence over group interests when dealing with foreign policy challenges. Finally, political leaders and diplomats must create new opportunities in global governance and deliver tangible national benefits through middle power diplomacy. Middle power diplomacy, like all foreign policy strategies, will not be sustainable without strong domestic support; and domestic support cannot be built on goodwill and commitment to universal values alone.
Long-Term Testosterone Therapy Improves Cardiometabolic Function and Reduces Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Men with Hypogonadism
Authors: Traish Abdulmaged M. , Haider Ahmad , Haider Karim Sultan , Doros Gheorghe , Saad Farid 
Published: February 2017

Objectives:In the absence of large, prospective, placebo-controlled studies of longer duration, substantial evidence regarding the safety and risk of testosterone (T) therapy (TTh) with regard to cardiovascular (CV) outcomes can only be gleaned from observational studies. To date, there are limited studies comparing the effects of long-term TTh in men with hypogonadism who were treated or remained untreated with T, for obvious reasons. We have established a registry to assess the long-term effectiveness and safety of T in men in a urological setting. Here, we sought to compare the effects of T on a host of parameters considered to contribute to CV risk in treated and untreated men with hypogonadism (control group).Patients and Methods:Observational, prospective, cumulative registry study in 656 men (age: 60.7 ± 7.2 years) with total T levels ≤12.1 nmol/L and symptoms of hypogonadism. In the treatment group, men (n = 360) received parenteral T undecanoate (TU) 1000 mg/12 weeks following an initial 6-week interval for up to 10 years. Men (n = 296) who had opted against TTh served as controls. Median follow-up in both groups was 7 years. Measurements were taken at least twice a year, and 8-year data were analyzed. Mean changes over time between the 2 groups were compared by means of a mixed-effects model for repeated measures, with a random effect for intercept and fixed effects for time, group, and their interaction. To account for baseline differences between the 2 groups, changes were adjusted for age, weight, waist circumference, fasting glucose, blood pressure, and lipids.Results:There were 2 deaths in the T-treated group, none was related to CV events. There were 21 deaths in the untreated (control) group, 19 of which were related to CV events. The incidence of death in 10 patient-years was 0.1145 in the control group (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.0746-0.1756; P < .000) and 0.0092 in the T-treated group (95% CI: 0.0023-0.0368; P < .000); the estimated difference between groups was 0.0804 (95% CI: 0.0189-0.3431; P < .001). The estimated reduction in mortality for the T-group was between 66% and 92%. There were also 30 nonfatal strokes and 26 nonfatal myocardial infarctions in the control group and none in the T-treated group.Conclusion:Long-term TU was well tolerated with excellent adherence suggesting a high level of patient satisfaction. Mortality related to CV disease was significantly reduced in the T-group.
SCL/TAL1: a multifaceted regulator from blood development to disease
Authors: Porcher Catherine , Chagraoui Hedia , Kristiansen Maiken S. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSCL/TAL1 (stem cell leukemia/T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia [T-ALL] 1) is an essential transcription factor in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. It is required for specification of the blood program during development, adult hematopoietic stem cell survival and quiescence, and terminal maturation of select blood lineages. Following ectopic expression, SCL contributes to oncogenesis in T-ALL. Remarkably, SCL’s activities are all mediated through nucleation of a core quaternary protein complex (SCL:E-protein:LMO1/2 [LIM domain only 1 or 2]:LDB1 [LIM domain-binding protein 1]) and dynamic recruitment of conserved combinatorial associations of additional regulators in a lineage- and stage-specific context. The finely tuned control of SCL’s regulatory functions (lineage priming, activation, and repression of gene expression programs) provides insight into fundamental developmental and transcriptional mechanisms, and highlights mechanistic parallels between normal and oncogenic processes. Importantly, recent discoveries are paving the way to the development of innovative therapeutic opportunities in SCL+ T-ALL.
T-helper cell type 2 (Th2) and non-Th2 molecular phenotypes of asthma using sputum transcriptomics in U-BIOPRED
Authors: Kuo Chih-Hsi Scott , Pavlidis Stelios , Loza Matthew , Baribaud Fred , Rowe Anthony , Pandis Iaonnis , Sousa Ana , Corfield Julie , Djukanovic Ratko , Lutter Rene , Sterk Peter J. , Auffray Charles , Guo Yike , Adcock Ian M. , Chung Kian Fan 
Published: February 2017

Asthma is characterised by heterogeneous clinical phenotypes. Our objective was to determine molecular phenotypes of asthma by analysing sputum cell transcriptomics from 104 moderate-to-severe asthmatic subjects and 16 nonasthmatic subjects.After filtering on the differentially expressed genes between eosinophil- and noneosinophil-associated sputum inflammation, we used unbiased hierarchical clustering on 508 differentially expressed genes and gene set variation analysis of specific gene sets.We defined three transcriptome-associated clusters (TACs): TAC1 (characterised by immune receptorsIL33R,CCR3andTSLPR), TAC2 (characterised by interferon-, tumour necrosis factor-α- and inflammasome-associated genes) and TAC3 (characterised by genes of metabolic pathways, ubiquitination and mitochondrial function). TAC1 showed the highest enrichment of gene signatures for interleukin-13/T-helper cell type 2 (Th2) and innate lymphoid cell type 2. TAC1 had the highest sputum eosinophilia and exhaled nitric oxide fraction, and was restricted to severe asthma with oral corticosteroid dependency, frequent exacerbations and severe airflow obstruction. TAC2 showed the highest sputum neutrophilia, serum C-reactive protein levels and prevalence of eczema. TAC3 had normal to moderately high sputum eosinophils and better preserved forced expiratory volume in 1 s. Gene–protein coexpression networks from TAC1 and TAC2 extended this molecular classification.We defined one Th2-high eosinophilic phenotype TAC1, and two non-Th2 phenotypes TAC2 and TAC3, characterised by inflammasome-associated and metabolic/mitochondrial pathways, respectively.
Early tyrosine phosphorylation events following adenosine A2A receptor in human neutrophils: identification of regulated pathways
Authors: Giambelluca Miriam S , Pouliot Marc 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Activation of the adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR) elevates intracellular levels of cAMP and acts as a physiologic inhibitor of inflammatory neutrophil functions. In this study, we looked into the impact of A2AR engagement on early phosphorylation events. Neutrophils were stimulated with well-characterized proinflammatory agonists in the absence or presence of an A2AR agonist {3-[4-[2-[[6-amino-9-[(2R,3R,4S,5S)-5-(ethylcarbamoyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-oxolan-2-yl]purin-2-yl]amino] ethyl] phenyl] propanoic acid (CGS 21680)}, PGE2, or a mixture of the compounds RO 20-1724 and forskolin. As assessed by immunoblotting, several proteins were tyrosine phosphorylated; CGS 21680 markedly decreased tyrosine phosphorylation levels of 4 regions (37–45, 50–55, 60, and 70 kDa). Key signaling protein kinases—p38 MAPK, Erk-1/2, PI3K/Akt, Hck, and Syk—showed decreased phosphorylation, whereas Lyn, SHIP-1, or phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was spared. PGE2 or the intracellular cAMP-elevating combination of RO 20-1724 and forskolin mostly mimicked the effect of CGS 21680. Together, results unveil intracellular signaling pathways targeted by the A2AR, some of which might be key in modulating neutrophil functions.
Prevention of postsurgical wound dehiscence after abdominal surgery with NPWT: a multicentre randomised controlled trial protocol
Authors: Sandy-Hodgetts K. , Leslie G.D. , Parsons R. , Zeps N. , Carville K. 
Published: February 2017

Objective: The effectiveness of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in the prevention of postoperative surgical wound dehiscence (SWD) is the subject of much debate and remains to be determined. This study will identify individuals at risk of postoperative SWD and trial the use of NPWT as a prophylactic measure against the occurrence of SWD, compared with a non-NPWT standard surgical dressing (SSD). Method: A prospective multicentre randomised controlled trial comparing NPWT dressing against standard surgical dressings (SSD) will be conducted. An intention-to-treat (ITT) approach will be used for the trial. Aims: The primary outcome is the prevention of postoperative SWD up to and including day 30 postoperative. Secondary outcomes are: prevention of surgical site infection (SSI) and economic analysis of treatment groups. Conclusion: This study will determine the effectiveness of NPWT in the prevention of postoperative abdominal SWD in a predefined level of risk population. This level 1 study will provide further data for abdominal SWD risk classification, which is anticipated to inform preventive postoperative management. The study design uses a prospective real-world scenario in order to identify clinically significant differences between the intervention and control groups. Trial registration: This trial was prospectively registered on 10 December 2012 with Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Network (ANZCTR): 12612001275853.
Prevalence of skin tears in the extremities among elderly residents at a nursing home in Denmark
Authors: Skiveren J. , Wahlers B. , Bermark S. 
Published: February 2017

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of skin tears in the extremities and explore factors in relation to skin tears in elderly residents at a Danish nursing home. Method: The study was designed as a point prevalence survey and conducted at a nursing home with 140 residents >65 years of age. The residents were assessed for presence, number and location of skin tears. Data were collected using a data collection sheet developed for this study. The survey team consisted of four expert nurses from a university hospital (two dermatology and two wound care nurses). Data were collected over a period of 10 hours spread over two days. Results: Of the 128 participating residents six had skin tears, yielding a prevalence of 4.6 %. In total, 10 skin tears were observed in the 6 residents. The frequency of previous skin tears was 19.5 %. This frequency was significantly higher in residents with skin tears than in those without skin tears (83.3 % versus 16.4 %, p<0.001). Analysis of the relation between skin tears or previous skin tears versus without skin tears or previous skin tears showed significant differences related to the presence of ecchymosis (76.9 %versus 14.7 %, p<0.0001). There were no other significant factors observed. Conclusion: The low prevalence found in this study may reflect the focus on prevention of skin tears that the nursing home has maintained over the past year. Nevertheless, the appropriate prevention and management of residents with skin tears is an ongoing challenge for health professionals.
The reality of routine practice: a pooled data analysis on chronic wounds treated with TLC-NOSF wound dressings
Authors: Münter K.C. , Meaume S. , Augustin M. , Senet P. , Kérihuel J.C. 
Published: February 2017

Objective: A number of randomised controlled trials (RCT) have compared control groups with TLC-NOSF dressings (UrgoStart) on chronic wounds. Our aim was to determine whether the clinical trials' results translate into routine management of such wounds, by pooling the data from real-life observational studies. Method: Observational studies, conducted in France and Germany, evaluating current practices in patients suffering from non-selected chronic wounds treated with a TLC-NOSF dressing were identified. Demographic data, baseline description of wounds and description of their evolution during treatment were extracted and combined. We used two main indicators of clinical outcomes to measure the impact of the TLC-NOSF dressing on this population: time to wound closure and time to 50% reduction of the Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH) score. Results: In total, data from 10,220 patients were included, with 7903 leg ulcers (LUs), 1306 diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) and 1011 pressure ulcers (PUs). The overall closure rate was 30.8 % [95 % confidence interval (CI): 29.9–31.7 %]. While the country, patient age, and number of wounds were identified as independent prognosis factors of healing, the most significant were wound duration and baseline area. The delay in initiating TLC-NOSF dressings treatment was also found to be significant. Overall the average time to complete closure was 112.5 days [95%CI: 105.8–119.3] for LUs, 98.1 days [95 %CI: 88.8–107.5] for DFUs and 119.5 days [95%CI: 94.6–144.3] for PUs. Based on a subgroup analysis of the French cohort, time to closure is substantially shorter for wounds treated with the TLC-NOSF dressing as a first-line intervention compared with those where it has been prescribed as a second-line intervention. Conclusion: Compared with available data on time to complete closure of chronic wounds managed by ‘standard’ care, the data from this pooled data analysis showed healing time is reduced, which is consistent with the results of RCTs on TLC-NOSF. That these data are in agreement with those from the RCTs is testimony to their generalisability and important for routine practice. This indicates that using TLC-NOSF dressings in routine wound management can reduce the healing time of LUs, DFUs and PUs. These data also suggest that the earlier the decision to use this dressing, the shorter the time to closure, whatever the severity and the nature of these chronic wounds.