bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of landscape context on fish metacommunity structuring in stream networks
Authors: Erős Tibor , Takács Péter , Specziár András , Schmera Dénes , Sály Péter 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThe metacommunity framework has shed light upon the significance of local and regional processes in shaping ecological communities. However, our knowledge is limited how landscape context (i.e. type and positioning of habitats) influences the structuring of metacommunities.We examined the role of environmental selection (niche‐based species sorting), dispersal and drift (i.e. stochastic changes in species abundance) mechanisms on the structuring of fish metacommunities in riverscapes. We used a hierarchical design and examined metacommunity structuring (i) in individual running water habitat types, namely highland streams, lowland streams, highland rivers and lowland rivers; (ii) in landscape types, where patterns in highland and in lowland types were examined separately and (iii) at the level of the whole riverscape, where samples from all running water types were pooled. Elements of metacommunity structure (EMS) analysis, community–environmental relationships in redundancy analysis, and decay of community similarity with distance (distance decay) complemented with partial Mantel tests were used to reveal the mechanisms behind the observed patterns.Both theEMSframework and community–environment relationships revealed the prevalent role of selection (niche‐based species sorting mechanisms) on fish metacommunity structuring, although stochastic variability also influenced the results. Metacommunity structures reflecting niche‐based mechanisms (Clementsian or quasi‐Clementsian) were observed at higher hierarchical levels (i.e. at the riverscape and the landscape type levels), while quasi‐Clementsian or random patterns were found within single running water types.Distance decay relationships indicated that dispersal limitation did not clearly affect metacommunity structuring in any combination of running water types. Partial Mantel tests showed that some part of the variation in distance decay could be explained by the correlation between environmental variables and fish assemblage structure in some habitat types, which further suggests the importance of niche‐based mechanisms in metacommunity structuring.Our study shows that different metacommunity structures can arise in a hierarchy of habitat types in riverscapes, and niche‐based species sorting mechanisms are more influential in their structuring than dispersal ones. Landscape classifications are useful for a better understanding of the structuring of metacommunities in both the freshwater and terrestrial realms.
Integrating occurrence data and expert maps for improved species range predictions
Authors: Merow Cory , Wilson Adam M. , Jetz Walter 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimKnowledge of species geographical distributions is critical for many ecological and evolutionary questions and underpins effective conservation decision‐making, yet it is usually limited in spatial resolution or reliability. Over large spatial extents, range predictions are typically derived from expert knowledge or, increasingly, species distribution models based on individual occurrence records. Expert maps are useful at coarse resolution, where they are suitable for delineating unoccupied regions. In contrast, point records typically provide finer‐scale occurrence information that can be characterized for its environmental association, but usually suffers from observer biases and does not representatively or fully address the geographical or environmental range occupied by a species.InnovationWe develop a new modelling methodology to combine the complementary informative attributes of both data types to improve fine‐scale, large‐extent predictions. We use expert delineations to constrain predictions of a species distribution model parameterized with incidental point occurrence records. We introduce a maximum entropy approach for combining the two data types and generalize it to Poisson point process models. We illustrate critical decision making during model construction using two detailed case studies and illustrate features more generally with applications to species with vastly different range and data attributes. Our methods are illustrated in the Supporting Information and with a new R package, bossMaps, that integrates with existing generalized linear modelling and Maxent software.Main conclusionsOur modelling strategy flexibly accommodates expert maps with different levels of bias and precision. The approach can also be useful with other coarse sources of spatially explicit information, including habitat associations, elevational bands or vegetation types. The flexible nature of this methodological innovation can support improved characterization of species distributions for a variety of applications and is being implemented as a standard element underpinning integrative species distribution predictions in the Map of Life (https://mol.org/).
Dialytic hemodynamics are associated with changes in gait speed
Authors: Wolfgram Dawn F. , Lathara Zubin , Szabo Aniko , Whittle Jeff 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIntroduction: Functional impairment and reduced mobility are prevalent in patients on chronic hemodialysis (HD). The impact of HD on physical performance and mobility needs evaluation.Methods: We measured gait speed in a cohort of chronic HD patients both pre and post an HD session. We collected demographic and laboratory data and dialytic hemodynamic parameters for the HD session. Participants completed the Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES‐I) survey to assess concern for falling. We used linear regression analysis to tests for associations between our predictor variables of intra‐dialytic hemodynamic change and change in gait speed from pre to post HD (primary outcome) and FES‐I score (secondary outcome).Findings: Twenty‐eight participants completed the study. The mean (SD) age was 64.0 (10.5) years. The majority were male (71.4%), had hypertension (85.7%) and diabetes (57.1%). The mean (SD) change in gait speed from pre to post dialysis was −0.06 (0.08) m/s. A greater decrease in gait speed was associated with greater decrease in SBP and DBP from pre to post HD (p = 0.02 and p = 0.04, respectively) and greater maximum drop in SBP and DBP during HD (p = 0.01 and p <0.01, respectively). The association between maximum drop in SBP and DBP and gait speed remained significant after adjustment for covariates. There was no association between BP change and FES‐I score.Discussion: Our results suggest that HD patients who have greater decrease in BP during HD are at risk for decreased gait speed post HD.
Fashion interest as a driver for consumer textile waste management: reuse, recycle or disposal
Authors: Weber Sabine , Lynes Jennifer , Young Steven B. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPast studies have considered the impact of fashion on consumer textile disposal behaviour, but have focused mainly on drivers of clothing waste. There is a lack of research that examines consumer attitudes towards fashion and their disposal methods. This study conducted an online survey of 410 people in Ontario, Canada with varying demographic characteristics to assess how they currently manage their textile waste including resell, swap, take‐back, donation and disposal. Respondents were asked about their fashion interest and shopping frequency and were assigned a fashion index value. The fashion index value is not a means of grouping consumers but is instead a continuum to model interest in fashion, with one extreme representing fashion consumers and the other representing non‐fashion consumers. Statistical analysis was then used to establish whether there is a link between textile waste behaviour and fashion index. The results indicate that consumers with a high fashion index (i.e. fashion consumers) and consumers with low fashion index (i.e. non‐fashion consumers) manage their textile waste differently. While the majority of participants donate and dispose of unwanted clothes, fashion consumers are more interested and more likely to participate in alternative methods (e.g. resell, swap, and take back) for removing unwanted textiles. Although fashion consumers produce more textile waste than non‐fashion consumers, textile consumption cannot be directly equated with textile waste since fashion consumers were found to have a lower disposal rate than non‐fashion consumers (38 percent to 50 percent, respectively). The distinct disposal characteristics of fashion and non‐fashion consumers (i.e. interest and willingness to participate in alternative channels) allows strategies to be tailored accordingly so that the amount of waste going to landfill can be reduced.
Effects of fermentation conditions on the potential anti‐hypertensive peptides released from yogurt fermented by Lactobacillus helveticus and Flavourzyme®
Authors: Shi Min , Ahtesh Fatah , Mathai Michael , McAinch Andrew J. , Su Xiao Q. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThis study investigates the effects of fermentation conditions on the production of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitory (ACE‐I) peptides in yogurt by Lactobacillus helveticus 881315 (L. helveticus) in the presence or absence of Flavourzyme®, which is derived from a mould, Aspergillus oryzae and used for protein hydrolysis in various industrial applications. Optimal conditions for peptides with the highest ACE‐I activity were 4% (v/w) inoculum size for 8 h without Flavourzyme® supplementation, and 1% inoculum size for 12 h when combined with Flavourzyme®. The yogurt fermented by L. helveticus resulted in IC50 values (concentration of inhibitor required to inhibit 50% of ACE activity under the assayed conditions) of 1.47 ± 0.04 and 16.91 ± 0.25 mg mL−1 with and without Flavourzyme® respectively. Seven fractions of ACE‐I peptides from the yogurt incorporated with L. helveticus and Flavourzyme® were separated using the preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography. Fraction (F3) showed the highest ACE‐I activity with an IC50 of 35.75 ± 5.48 μg mL−1. This study indicates that yogurt may be a valuable source of ACE‐I peptides, which may explain the outcomes observed in the experimental and clinical studies and foresee the application of fermented milk proteins into functional foods or dietary supplements.
Evaluation of potential interfering agents on in vitro methods for the determination of the antioxidant capacity in anthocyanin extracts
Authors: de Oliveira Isadora R. N. , Teófilo Reinaldo F. , de Oliveira Eduardo B. , Ramos Afonso M. , de Barros Frederico A. R. , Maia Mariza de P. , Stringheta Paulo C. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThe evaluation of the effects of sugars, metals, acids and other antioxidants on the in vitro antioxidant capacity of purified anthocyanin extract by different techniques was the purpose of this study. Three methods and the ways of expressing their results were evaluated: ABTSTEAC (capacity equivalent to Trolox, by ABTS (2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid))), DPPHTEAC (capacity equivalent to Trolox, by DPPH (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl)), DPPHEC50 (50% reduction in the radical, by DPPH), DPPH%Sca (reduction in the scavenging capacity, by DPPH), FRAPTEAC (capacity equivalent to Trolox, by FRAP (reduction power of iron)) and FRAPEC50 (50% reduction in the radical, by FRAP). The way of expressing DPPH and FRAP results as EC50 showed the greater interfering extent, mainly when the medium contained tartaric and ascorbic acids. The most coherent method was ABTSTEAC in which only ascorbic acid interfered. Ascorbic acid was shown to interfere in all methods; thus, it must be removed prior to determining the in vitro antioxidant capacity of anthocyanins in food materials.
Contemporary rates of pathological features and mortality for adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder in the USA
Authors: Zaffuto Emanuele , Gazdovich Stéphanie , Leyh‐Bannurah Sami‐Ramzi , Huland Hartwig , Abdollah Firas , Shariat Shahrokh F , Menon Mani , Briganti Alberto , Montorsi Francesco , Karakiewicz Pierre I 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesTo examine contemporary rates of pathological features and mortality for adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder in the USA using population‐based data analysis.MethodsWe relied on 10 024 patients with non‐metastatic bladder cancer diagnosed between 2004 and 2013 within the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results registries. Logistic regression analyses focused on grade and stage. Kaplan–Meier analyses assessed cancer‐specific mortality rates in adenocarcinoma and urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Cox regression analyses assessed the impact of histological subtype on cancer‐specific mortality.ResultsOverall, 215 (2.1%) adenocarcinoma and 9809 (97.9%) urothelial carcinoma patients were identified. The rate of non‐organ‐confined disease was higher in adenocarcinoma (64.7% vs 50.8%, P < 0.001). In multivariable logistic regression analyses, adenocarcinoma patients had a 2.2‐fold higher risk of harboring non‐organ‐confined disease (95% confidence interval 1.7–3.0; P < 0.001) than urothelial carcinoma patients. Cancer‐specific mortality‐free survival rates were lower in adenocarcinoma (P < 0.01). This disadvantage only applied to non‐organ‐confined disease (P = 0.044), and not to organ‐confined disease (P = 0.9). In multivariable Cox regression analyses, adenocarcinoma conferred a 1.3‐fold higher rate of cancer‐specific mortality (hazard ratio 1.30, 95% confidence interval 1.05–1.60; P = 0.01). Among adenocarcinoma patients, 30.7% harbored signet‐ring cell adenocarcinoma and portended particularly poor cancer‐specific mortality rates.ConclusionsIn bladder cancer, adenocarcinoma presents at higher stages than urothelial carcinoma. However, cancer‐specific mortality rates do not differ. A more unfavorable stage at diagnosis and higher cancer‐specific mortality apply to the signet‐ring cell variant.
Is there a minimum wage biting in Puerto Rico? Updating the debate
Authors: Caraballo‐Cueto Jose 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis research evaluates the repercussions on employment in Puerto Rico of the latest increases in the minimum wage (made between 2007 and 2009). We find that the increases in the minimum wage to $7.25 had a negative impact on employment in a few small sectors only, and that employment was significantly more affected by output.
Factors influencing new graduate nurse burnout development, job satisfaction and patient care quality: a time‐lagged study
Authors: Boamah Sheila A. , Read Emily A. , Spence Laschinger Heather K. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimTo test a hypothesized model linking new graduate nurses’ perceptions of their manager's authentic leadership behaviours to structural empowerment, short‐staffing and work–life interference and subsequent burnout, job satisfaction and patient care quality.BackgroundAuthentic leadership and structural empowerment have been shown to reduce early career burnout among nurses. Short‐staffing and work–life interference are also linked to burnout and may help explain the impact of positive, empowering leadership on burnout, which in turn influences job satisfaction and patient care quality.DesignA time‐lagged study of Canadian new graduate nurses was conducted.MethodsAt Time 1, surveys were sent to 3,743 nurses (November 2012–March 2013) and 1,020 were returned (27·3% response rate). At Time 2 (May–July 2014), 406 nurses who responded at Time 1 completed surveys (39·8% response rate). Descriptive analysis was conducted in SPSS. Structural equation modelling in Mplus was used to test the hypothesized model.ResultsThe hypothesized model was supported. Authentic leadership had a significant positive effect on structural empowerment, which in turn decreased both short‐staffing and work–life interference. Short‐staffing and work–life imbalance subsequently resulted in nurse burnout, lower job satisfaction and lower patient care quality 1 year later.ConclusionThe findings suggest that short‐staffing and work–life interference are important factors influencing new graduate nurse burnout. Developing nurse managers’ authentic leadership behaviours and working with them to create and sustain empowering work environments may help reduce burnout, increase nurse job satisfaction and improve patient care quality.
The personal cancer screening behaviours of nurses and midwives
Authors: Nicholls Rachel , Perry Lin , Gallagher Robyn , Duffield Christine , Sibbritt David , Xu Xiaoyue 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to identify the personal cancer screening behaviours of nurses and midwives in New South Wales, Australia, and identify factors predictive of cancer screening uptake.BackgroundThe nursing workforce may have a higher risk for some cancers and is ageing. In Australia, more than 40% are over 50 years – an age where cancer incidence rises rapidly, but when screening may reduce cancer mortality. Nurses and midwives are important health role models for the population, but their engagement in cancer screening is unknown.DesignA cross‐sectional survey conducted in 2014–2015.MethodsData were obtained from the ‘Fit for the Future’ study on 5041 working nurses and midwives in New South Wales, Australia and analyses were conducted on subsets of age‐eligible respondents. Demographic, geographical and occupational data were analysed in relation to population‐based screening for breast, cervical and bowel cancers and opportunistic screening for prostate and skin cancer screening participation, in line with Australian recommendations.ResultsNurses’ and midwives’ recent screening rates were higher than the Australian general population across relevant age groups. Compared with full‐time nurses and midwives, part‐time/casual/pool workers were significantly more likely to undertake cervical, breast and bowel screening. Compared with those working office hours, shift workers were significantly less likely to undertake breast and bowel screening, but more likely to undertake skin screening.ConclusionsDisparities in reported screening prevalence and factors predictive of screening uptake indicate opportunities for targeted strategies to inform and/or promote workforce engagement with screening programmes and protect the health of this ageing workforce.
Are the classic signs of infection in concordance with results from percutaneous aspiration to diagnose infection in pressure injuries?
Authors: Blanco‐Blanco Joan , Gea‐Sánchez Montserrat , Valenzuela‐Pascual Francesc , Barallat‐Gimeno Eva , Espart Anna , Escobar‐Bravo Miguel Ángel 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimTo explore the concordance between the presence of classic signs of infection and the positive diagnosis identified by the microbiological culture of fluid collected by percutaneous aspiration.BackgroundThe classic signs of infection are commonly applied in some contexts to confirm infection in pressure injuries, but its accuracy has been questioned in chronic wounds. Little is known about the concordance of this method with others, such as the deep fluid culture from pressure injuries collected by percutaneous aspiration.DesignMulticentre, cross‐sectional observational study.MethodsPressure injuries of patients from four health centres were analysed. Three types of data were recorded between February 2011 and March 2012: i) socio‐demographic and clinical data, ii) number and type of infection signs and iii) microbiological results of deep fluid culture from injuries. The concordance was calculated with the kappa index to find a possible concordance between both methods.ResultsOn 40·2% (n = 47) of injuries, two or more classic signs of infection or purulent exudate as unique sign were present, while the total positive results in the microbiological cultures were 50·4% (n = 59). The disparity of positive results, depending on the location and the stage of the pressure injury and the method applied, suggested a poor concordance between methods. The −0·092 kappa index confirmed the non‐concordance of the analysed methods.ConclusionsThe tandem strategy is not useful to indicate an infection in pressure injuries. We advocate exploring other signs of infection and the adoption of other more reliable signs together with the classic signs of infection.
Striking the Right Balance: Police Experience, Perceptions and Use of Independent Support Persons During Interviews Involving People with Intellectual Disability
Authors: Henshaw Marie , Spivak Benjamin , Thomas Stuart D. M. 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundSeveral jurisdictions mandate the presence of an independent support person during police interviews with vulnerable people. The current study investigated police officers’ experiences and perceptions of these volunteers during interviews with people with intellectual disability(ies) (ID).MethodsThe sample comprised 229 police officers who attended a mandatory firearms training course in Melbourne, Australia, in 2010.ResultsParticipants commonly reported utilizing independent support persons and displayed a fair understanding of their role. Overall, volunteers were engaged more frequently than family/friends; police considered the volunteers to be more impartial during interviews, whereas family/friends provided a greater level of emotional support to interviewees.ConclusionsIndependent support persons need to demonstrate two quite different types of support to people with intellectual disability(ies) during police interviews; these require quite different skill sets and suggest the need for more tailored training and support for these volunteers. Implications for future research and policy are discussed.
Long non‐coding RNA linc00261 suppresses gastric cancer progression via promoting Slug degradation
Authors: Yu Yingcong , Li Linjin , Zheng Zhiqiang , Chen Senrui , Chen Ende , Hu Yiren 
Published: November 2016

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) remains a threat to public health with high incidence and mortality worldwide. Increasing evidence demonstrates that long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical regulatory roles in cancer biology, including GC. Previous profiling study showed that lncRNA linc00261 was aberrantly expressed in GC. However, the role of linc00261 in GC progression and the precise molecular mechanism remain unknown. In this study, we report that linc00261 was significantly down‐regulated in GC tissues and the expression level of linc00261 negatively correlated with advanced tumour status and clinical stage as well as poor prognostic outcome. In vitro functional assays indicate that ectopic expression of linc00261 suppressed cell invasion by inhibiting the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). By RNA pull‐down and mass spectrum experiments, we identified Slug as an RNA‐binding protein that binds to linc00261. We confirmed that linc00261 down‐regulated Slug by decreasing the stability of Slug proteins and that the tumour‐suppressive function of linc00261 can be neutralized by Slug. linc00261 may promote the degradation of Slug via enhancing the interaction between GSK3β and Slug. Moreover, linc00216 overexpression repressed lung metastasis in vivo. Together, our findings suggest that linc00261 acts a tumour suppressor in GC by decreasing the stability of Slug proteins and suppressing EMT. By clarifying the mechanisms underlying GC progression, these findings may facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies for GC.