bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonpublication and discontinuation of randomised controlled trials in newborns
Authors: Rüegger Christoph M. , Dawson Jennifer A. , Donath Susan M. , Owen Louise S. , Davis Peter G. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimTo determine the rate of nonpublication and discontinuation of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in newborns.MethodsThis was a retrospective, cross‐sectional study of RCTs registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) between 2008 and 2012.ResultsFifty trials were identified, of which 23 (46%) were retrospectively registered. Thirty trials (60%) were published. After a median follow‐up of 8.0 (range 4.6–17.4) years from Research Ethics Committee approval, 15 of 41 completed trials (37%) remained unpublished, representing 5422 neonatal trial participants. Nine trials (18%) were discontinued, including four that were published. The most frequent reason for discontinuation was poor recruitment (n = 4). Sample size discrepancies between registration and publication were found in 17 (65%) of the 26 completed, published trials. In nine (35%) of these trials, the calculated sample size in the method section of the published article differed from the planned sample size in the trial registry (relative difference −20% to +33%).ConclusionNonpublication and discontinuation of RCTs conducted in newborns is common. Additional efforts are needed to minimise the number of neonatal trial participants that are exposed to interventions without subsequent publication.
Making Corporations Responsible: The Parallel Tracks of the B Corp Movement and the Business and Human Rights Movement
Authors: Bauer Joanne , Umlas Elizabeth 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe business and human rights (BHR) movement shares several goals with the Benefit Corporation (B Corp) movement: corporations respecting human rights; maintaining a “wide aperture” so that all impacts of a company on people and communities are addressed; and creating rigorous standards of conduct and means of accountability. This paper argues that nonetheless the movements are traveling along parallel tracks and thus missing an opportunity for mutual learning that can improve their effectiveness. The BHR movement can look to B Corps for concrete examples of viable companies that value human rights intrinsically and not just where there is a “business case” to do so. The B Impact Assessment, the B Corp certification tool, can better ensure that B Corps are in fact respecting human rights by adopting BHR standards. And both movements must give greater consideration to the potential contradiction between unlimited scaling—a key goal of B Corps—and the ability of large multinational corporations to respect human rights.
Effects of thiazolidinedione in patients with active bladder cancer
Authors: Li Roger , Metcalfe Michael J. , Ferguson James E. , Mokkapati Sharada , Nogueras González Graciela M. , Dinney Colin P. , Navai Neema , McConkey David J. , Sahai Sunil K. , Kamat Ashish M. 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveTo examine the influence of perioperative thiazolidinedione (TZD) on cancer‐specific outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) for urothelial carcinoma (UC).Patients and MethodsA retrospective cohort of 173 patients with DM undergoing RC from 2005 to 2010 was identified. Of those, 53 were on TZD treatment at the time of RC, with 33 patients taking pioglitazone. Baseline clinicopathological characteristics, as well as cancer‐specific survival (CSS), recurrence‐free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS) were compared between the patients on and off TZD therapy at the time of RC. In subgroup analysis, outcomes in patients specifically taking pioglitazone at the time of RC were compared to those not on a TZD.ResultsBaseline clinicopathological characteristics were similar between patients on and off TZD therapy at the time of RC. Overall, the median CSS rate was not reached in either group (P = 0.7). The estimated 5‐year CSS was 67.8% in the non‐TZD group and 66.3% in the TZD group. On multivariate analysis incorporating patient age, pathological T‐staging, and adjuvant chemotherapy, TZD use was found not to be a significant predictor for CSS (hazard ratio 1.20, 95% confidence interval 0.66–2.17; P = 0.5). Additionally, RFS (P= 0.3) and OS (P = 0.2) were also similar between the two groups without adjusting for other variables. Comparison between patients taking pioglitazone vs patients not taking TZD yielded similar CSS (P = 0.2), RFS (P = 0.5), and OS (P= 0.2).ConclusionsCSS, as well as RFS and OS after RC were not compromised in patients on TZD therapy at the time of RC. Additional investigation is warranted in patients with non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer and muscle‐invasive bladder cancer undergoing bladder‐sparing procedures to assess the safety of using TZD in the setting of active UC.
GPCR signalling from within the cell
Authors: Jong Yuh‐Jiin I , Harmon Steven K , O'Malley Karen L 
Published: September 2017

Traditionally, signal transduction from GPCRs is thought to emanate from the cell surface where receptor interactions with external stimuli can be transformed into a broad range of cellular responses. However, emergent data show that numerous GPCRs are also associated with various intracellular membranes where they may couple to different signalling systems, display unique desensitization patterns and/or exhibit distinct patterns of subcellular distribution. Although many GPCRs can be activated at the cell surface and subsequently endocytosed and transported to a unique intracellular site, other intracellular GPCRs can be activated in situ either via de novo ligand synthesis, diffusion of permeable ligands or active transport of nonpermeable ligands. Current findings reinforce the notion that intracellular GPCRs play a dynamic role in various biological functions including learning and memory, contractility and angiogenesis. As new intracellular GPCR roles are defined, the need to selectively tailor agonists and/or antagonists to both intracellular and cell surface receptors may lead to the development of more effective therapeutic tools.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Molecular Pharmacology of GPCRs. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.21/issuetoc
Bangladeshi school‐age children's experiences and perceptions on child maltreatment: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Atiqul Haque M. , Janson S. , Moniruzzaman S. , Rahman A. K. M. F. , Mashreky S. R. , Eriksson U.‐B. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundChild maltreatment (CM) is a public health problem and is recognized as a huge barrier for child development. Most of the research and definitions on CM are from the perspective of high‐income western countries. Because no major studies have been conducted on CM in Bangladesh, the aim of the current study was to explore the experiences of and perceptions on CM in school‐age children in rural and urban Bangladesh in order to understand maltreatment in a local context and from a child perspective.MethodsSemistructured individual interviews with 24 children (13 boys and 11 girls), between the ages of 9 and 13 years of which 11 were schoolgoing and 13 non‐schoolgoing, were conducted during July 2013 and analysed according to qualitative content analysis.ResultsCM was a common and painful experience with serious physical and emotional consequences but highly accepted by the society. Vulnerable groups were especially young children, girls, and poor children. The children's voices were not heard due to their low status and low position in their families, schools, and working places. The main theme that emerged in the analysis was children's subordination, which permeated the five categories: (a) perception of children's situation in society, (b) understanding children's development and needs, (c) CM associated to school achievement, (d) negative impact of CM, and (e) emotional responses.ConclusionsDifferent kinds of abuse are obviously common in Bangladesh, and the schools do not follow the law from 2011 prohibiting corporal punishment at school. The society has to take further steps to live up to the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, which was ratified already in 1990, to protect the Bangladeshi children from CM.
Administration of adjuvant chemotherapy in older patients with Stage III colon cancer: an observational study
Authors: van den Broek C. B. M. , Puylaert C. C. E. M. , Breugom A. J. , Bastiaannet E. , de Craen A. J. M. , van de Velde C. J. H. , Liefers G.‐J. , Portielje J. E. A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimAccording to established guidelines, patients with Stage III colon cancer should receive adjuvant chemotherapy. However, a significant proportion do not. This study assessed factors associated with the administration of adjuvant chemotherapy and causes of death.MethodsPatients with Stage III colon cancer who underwent surgery between 2000 and 2009 were selected from two hospitals in the Netherlands. Patient characteristics including comorbidities and treatment preferences, tumour characteristics and follow‐up were extracted from the medical records. The patient and tumour characteristics of patients who did receive chemotherapy were compared with those who did not using chi‐squared analysis. Differences between the groups in causes of death were recorded together with the duration of follow‐up.ResultsA total of 348 patients were included. The median age was 73 years (range 33–93). Over half of the patients received adjuvant chemotherapy (50.6%). Patients who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy were significantly older (P < 0.001), had more comorbidities (P < 0.001) and were more often living alone (P < 0.001). Patients who received no adjuvant chemotherapy had a reduced overall survival, and the cause of death was more often attributed to other causes (60%) than colon cancer (40%). For patients who received chemotherapy, the cause of death was usually attributed to colon cancer (71%).ConclusionPatients who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy had a worse overall survival and the majority died due to other causes than colon cancer. In our aging society it will become even more important to develop tools to estimate remaining life expectancy in order to improve the selection of older patients for adjuvant treatments.
Abdominal emergencies after liver transplantation: Presentation and surgical management
Authors: Cesaretti Manuela , Dioguardi Burgio Marco , Zarzavadjian Le Bian Alban 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTWith an increasing number of liver transplantation (LT) and an enhanced overall survival, LT recipients are more likely to be admitted in emergency departments of general hospitals. Yet, in LT recipients, common but also benign symptoms may reveal a LT‐related (or not) severe condition. To improve management of LT recipients by emergency physicians and general surgeons and potentially improve long‐term outcomes, a clinical review was performed. Overall, CT scan and blood tests should be systematically performed. Immunosuppressive side effects should be excluded using blood tests. LT‐related complications are more likely to occur during the first three months after LT, including mainly bile leak, arterial aneurysm, and pseudoaneurysm. Patients should be referred in emergency to tertiary centers. Non‐LT‐related complications and common abdominal conditions may also be diagnosed in LT recipients. Except in case of diffuse peritonitis or in hemodynamically unstable patients when surgical procedure should be performed, most conditions should be reassessed regarding the immunosuppressive treatment and the adhesive abdominal cavity.
Evaluation and comparison of staining patterns of factor XIIIa (AC‐1A1), adipophilin and GATA3 in sebaceous neoplasia
Authors: Tjarks Brian J. , Pownell Brandy R. , Evans Claire , Thompson Paul A. , Kerkvliet Amy M. , Koch Michael R. D. , Jassim Ali D. 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundReliable nuclear immunohistochemical stains for sebaceous neoplasms have not been readily available. Positive nuclear staining has been reported for GATA3 and factor XIIIa (AC‐1A1). We sought to determine the diagnostic utility of these nuclear stains by comparing their staining pattern to adipophilin, a consistently positive cytoplasmic stain.MethodsCases with the diagnosis of sebaceous hyperplasia, sebaceous adenoma, sebaceous epithelioma/sebaceoma, sebaceous carcinoma, and nonsebaceous neoplasms (basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma) were examined. Intensity and extent of staining of the basal cells and mature sebocytes were evaluated for each stain.ResultsFactor XIIIa (AC‐1A1) was 87.3% sensitive and 95.1% specific for all sebaceous neoplasms sand showed high inter‐observer reliability. Adipophilin was 83.2% sensitive and 87.8% specific. GATA3 was the least sensitive (80.9%) and specific (75.6%) marker. When factor XIIIa was compared against composite staining of all three markers its staining was still uniquely significant (P = .0210).ConclusionFactor XIIIa (AC‐1A1) is a sensitive and specific nuclear marker for sebaceous differentiation. Its diagnostic utility exceeds that of adipophilin. Factor XIIIa should be included in the expanding group of immunohistochemical and special stains which can be utilized to aid in the diagnosis of sebaceous neoplasms.
Deutsches „Nationales Krebshilfe‐Monitoring“ 2015–2019 – Studienprotokoll und erste Ergebnisse
Authors: Schneider Sven , Görig Tatiana , Schilling Laura , Breitbart Eckhard W. , Greinert Rüdiger , Diehl Katharina 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZieleDas Projekt „Nationales Krebshilfe‐Monitoring zur Solariennutzung“ (National Cancer Aid Monitoring of Tanning Bed Use, NCAM) ist eine deutsche Großstudie mit dem Ziel, die wichtigsten Risikofaktoren für Hautkrebs zu beobachten: natürliches Sonnenlicht und künstliche UV‐Strahlung.Teilnehmer und MethodenNCAM ist eine bundesweite Querschnittstudie mit zunächst vier Runden der Datenerfassung (sogenannten Wellen) zwischen 2015 und 2018. Jedes Jahr wird eine bundesweit repräsentative Stichprobe aus 3.000 Personen im Alter von 14 bis 45 Jahren befragt. Die Querschnittsbefragung wird durch eine Kohorte von n = 450 aktuellen Solariennutzern ergänzt.ErgebnisseDie erste Welle im Jahr 2015 ergab eine Gesamtprävalenz der Solariennutzung von 29,5 %. Elf Prozent aller Teilnehmer hatten in den vergangenen zwölf Monaten ein Solarium genutzt. Zu den Determinanten der aktuellen Solariennutzung gehörten jüngeres Alter, weibliches Geschlecht und Vollzeit‐/Teilzeitbeschäftigung. Die hauptsächlichen Beweggründe, die für die Nutzung eines Solariums genannt wurden, waren Entspannung und Attraktivitätssteigerung.SchlussfolgerungenNCAM ist weltweit die erste Studie zur Überwachung der Risikofaktoren für Hautkrebs in jährlichen Intervallen anhand einer großen, landesweit repräsentativen Stichprobe. Erste Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass Millionen Deutsche trotz Warnungen der WHO Solarien nutzen, und dass viele dieser Nutzer Jugendliche sind ‐ trotz gesetzlicher Beschränkungen, die das Ziel haben, die Nutzung von Solarien durch Minderjährige zu verhindern.
1 × 1 der Dermatohistologie. Teil 2 – Tumoren der Haut
Authors: Liersch Julia , von Köckritz Amelie , Schaller Jörg 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungIn diesem CME‐Artikel werden histopathologische Grundkenntnisse der häufigsten Hauttumoren (epidermal, adnexiell, melanozytär, mesenchymal), deren labortechnische Aufarbeitung sowie der Stellenwert immunhistochemischer und molekularer Zusatzuntersuchungen zusammengefasst. Dies soll dem erfahrenen Kliniker bei der Wahl der richtigen Entnahmetechnik und der Interpretation der histopathologischen Befundberichte behilflich sein und in dermatologischer Weiterbildung befindlichen Ärzten ein besseres Verständnis der Dermatohistologie vermitteln. Ähnlich wie bei den entzündlichen Dermatosen sind auch in der Diagnostik von Hauttumoren Kliniker und Dermatohistopathologen aufeinander angewiesen und können die Qualität der Diagnostik und der daraus resultierenden therapeutischen Verständnisbasis deutlich verbessern.
Update zum klinischen Einsatz von Inhibitoren mutierter Phosphokinasen beim Melanom
Authors: Cosgarea Ioana , Ritter Cathrin , Becker Jürgen C. , Schadendorf Dirk , Ugurel Selma 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Behandlungsstrategie beim metastasierten Melanom hat sich mit der Identifizierung therapeutisch angreifbarer molekularer Zielstrukturen innerhalb zellulärer Signalwege radikal geändert. Durch die Zulassung von Substanzen, die gezielt an den zentralen Schaltmolekülen, den Phosphokinasen, angreifen, können diese Signalwege selektiv abgeschaltet werden. Dies ist insbesondere bei denjenigen Tumoren von Interesse, deren Signalwege durch aktivierende Mutationen der für die Schaltmoleküle kodierenden Gene konstitutiv aktiviert sind. Aktuell ist diese therapeutische Strategie insbesondere für Patienten bedeutsam, deren Melanome eine Mutation im BRAF‐Gen aufweisen. Diese Patienten können durch eine Kombinationstherapie aus Inhibitoren der Phosphokinasen BRAF und MEK langfristig mit sehr guter Krankheitskontrolle behandelt werden. Unter dieser Kombinationstherapie wird aktuell ein progressionsfreies Überleben von über zehn Monaten und ein Gesamtüberleben von mehr als zwei Jahren bei guter Lebensqualität erzielt. Da unter längerfristiger Therapie mit Kinaseinhibitoren jedoch bei einem Großteil der Patienten eine Resistenzbildung auftritt, sind aktuelle klinische Therapiestudien auf die Suche nach geeigneten Kombinationspartnern unter Blockierung anderer Signalwege oder unter Aktivierung der T‐Zell‐vermittelten Immunantwort ausgerichtet. Der vorliegende Übersichtsartikel stellt sowohl die aktuell verfügbaren als auch die in der klinischen Testung befindlichen zukünftigen Optionen der zielgerichteten Therapie des Melanoms dar.
Migrant Precarity in Asia: ‘Networks of Labour Activism’ for a Rights‐based Governance of Migration
Authors: Piper Nicola , Rosewarne Stuart , Withers Matt 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThis article uses migrant precarity as a lens through which to analyse the issue of mobilization for migrants’ rights by civil society. Such mobilization efforts are vital in light of the emergence of global migration governance, which tends to actively constrain considerations for migrants’ human and labour rights. Asia's temporary migrants have been identified as a particularly precarious group of workers due to their specific position within the international division of labour, one that is defined by poorly‐ or unregulated work with insecure legal and residential status. Moreover, with local employment in countries of origin often characterized by informal employment, poor working conditions and unsustainable livelihoods, migrant workers are caught within a protracted precarity that spans life at home and abroad. Stronger normative and organizational links between global migration governance and migrant rights movements are needed to advance decent work agendas within countries of destination, as well as in countries of origin.
Efficacy of oral pharmacological treatments in dyskinetic cerebral palsy: a systematic review
Authors: Masson Riccardo , Pagliano Emanuela , Baranello Giovanni 
Published: September 2017

AimTo evaluate the actual evidence of efficacy of oral pharmacological treatments in the management of dyskinetic cerebral palsy (CP).MethodA systematic review was performed according to the American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine (AACPDM) and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses methodology. Articles were searched for in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Database of Reviews of Effectiveness,OTSeeker, Physiotherapy Evidence Database,REHABDATA, andClinicalTrials.gov.ResultsSixteen articles met the eligibility criteria. Eight studies on trihexyphenidyl and two on levodopa showed contradictory results. Low efficacy was reported for diazepam, dantrolene sodium, perphenazine, and etybenzatropine. Tetrabenazine, gabapentin and levetiracetam should be studied in more detail. The updated available evidence does not support any therapeutic algorithm for the management of dyskineticCP.InterpretationThis lack of evidence is partially owing to the inconsistency of classifications of patients and of outcome measures used in the reviewed studies. Further randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled pharmacological trials, optimized for different age groups, based on valid, reliable, and disease‐specific rating scales are strongly needed. Outcome measures should be selected within the framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health.What this paper addsEvidence to prove (or disprove) the efficacy of oral drugs in dyskinetic cerebral palsy is low.The most investigated drugs, trihexyphenidyl and levodopa, show contradictory results.Tetrabenazine, levetiracetam, and gabapentin efficacy should be studied in more detail.Lack of evidence is partially due to the inconsistency of classifications and outcome measures used.Outcome measures should be selected within the framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health in next clinical trials.
Perilesional and contralateral white matter evolution and integrity in patients with periventricular nodular heterotopia and epilepsy: a longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging study
Authors: Liu W. , Yan B. , An D. , Niu R. , Tang Y. , Tong X. , Gong Q. , Zhou D. 
Published: September 2017

Background and purposeThis study aimed to assess the evolution of perinodular and contralateral white matter abnormalities in patients with periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH) and epilepsy.MethodsDiffusion tensor imaging (DTI) (64 directions) and 3 T structural magnetic resonance imaging were performed in 29 PNH patients (mean age 27.3 years), and 16 patients underwent a second scan (average time between the two scans 1.1 years). Fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity were measured within the perilesional and contralateral white matter.ResultsLongitudinal analysis showed that white matter located 10 mm from the focal nodule displayed characteristics intermediate to tissue 5 mm away, and normal‐appearing white matter (NAWM) also established evolution profiles of perinodular white matter in different cortical lobes. Compared to 29 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls, significant decreased fractional anisotropy and elevated mean diffusivity values were observed in regions 5 and 10 mm from nodules (P < 0.01), whilst DTI metrics of the remaining NAWM did not differ significantly from controls. Additionally, normal DTI metrics were shown in the contralateral region in patients with unilateral PNH.ConclusionsPeriventricular nodular heterotopia is associated with microstructural abnormalities within the perilesional white matter and the extent decreases with increasing distance from the nodule. In the homologous contralateral region, white matter diffusion metrics were unchanged in unilateral PNH. These findings have clinical implications with respect to the medical and surgical interventions of PNH‐related epilepsy.