bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mobile Phones in the Bedroom: Trajectories of Sleep Habits and Subsequent Adolescent Psychosocial Development
Authors: Vernon Lynette , Modecki Kathryn L. , Barber Bonnie L. 
Published: May 2017

Mobile phones are an essential part of an adolescent's life, leading them to text, phone, or message into the night. Longitudinal latent growth models were used to examine relations between changes in adolescent night‐time mobile phone use, changes in sleep behavior, and changes in well‐being (depressed mood, externalizing behavior, self‐esteem, and coping) for 1,101 students (43% male) between 13 and 16 years old. Both night‐time mobile phone use and poor sleep behavior underwent positive linear growth over time. Increased night‐time mobile phone use was directly associated with increased externalizing behavior and decreased self‐esteem and coping. Changes in sleep behavior mediated the relation between early changes in night‐time mobile phone use and later increases in depressed mood and externalizing behavior and later declines in self‐esteem and coping.
Farnesyltransferase inhibitor FTI-277 inhibits PD-L1 expression on septic spleen lymphocytes and promotes spleen lymphocyte activation
Authors: Li W , Tu J , Liu X , Yang W 
Published: May 2017

Summary
Farnesyltransferase inhibitors have been tested in clinical trials for the treatment of tumours. In sepsis, the binding of programmed death 1 (PD-1) to programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) promotes lymphocyte apoptosis and decreases cytokine expression, thus affecting survival rates. The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway plays an important role in chronic viral infection, bacterial infection and sepsis. However, the precise immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory functions of this pathway remain poorly understood. In our previous study, the induction of sepsis by caecal ligation and puncture (CLP) resulted in increased farnesyltransferase activity and farnesylated protein levels in the spleen relative to sham treatment. However, the effect of inhibition of farnesyltransferase activity on overall survival rates in patients with sepsis and the specific signalling pathway involved remain to be investigated. In this study, mice with CLP-induced sepsis were treated with farnesyltransferase inhibitor (FTI-277), and PD-L1 expression on septic spleen lymphocytes was examined. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that PD-L1 is expressed constitutively on lymphocytes and that PD-L1 protein expression was up-regulated strongly following CLP. FTI-277 down-regulated PD-L1 mRNA and protein expression on septic spleen lymphocytes in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was associated closely with nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). In addition, the significant damping effect of FTI-277 on the PD-L1 signal promoted interferon (IFN)-γ secretion, interleukin (IL)-2 production and splenocyte proliferation in response to anti-CD3+CD28+ antibodies in mice. Furthermore, FTI-277 reduced spleen lymphocyte apoptosis in septic mice. Therefore, FTI-277 regulates spleen lymphocyte activity via the PD-L1 signalling pathway, with significant anti-inflammatory effects attributable to suppression of the NF-κB pathway. Farnesyltransferase represents a valuable therapeutic target for the treatment of sepsis.
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: Emerging therapies
Authors: Araki Manabu , Yamamura Takashi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractNeuromyelitis optica or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are autoimmune diseases associated with a disease‐specific autoantibody directed against the water channel protein aquaporin‐4. While almost all patients with NMOSD show a relapsing‐remitting course, just 2% of patients present with a progressive course, suggesting that preventing acute attacks can lead to stable remission and avoid progression of the condition. Standard immunotherapy, immunosuppressive agents, and corticosteroids can prevent acute attacks and maintain remission in the majority of patients with NMOSD. However, there is a strong need for alternative options for patients who are refractory to standard treatments. Emerging therapies targeting specific molecules related to the pathogenicity of NMOSD are currently being developed. In addition to standard intravenous high‐dose corticosteroid and plasma exchange/plasmapheresis, therapies targeted at inhibiting granulocytes, complement, and vascular endothelial growth factor are anticipated for acute attacks. With regard to preventive treatment of NMOSD, randomized clinical trials using monoclonal immunoglobulin G antibody targeting CD19 and CD20 on B cells, interleukin‐6, and complement protein C5 are underway. There are many preclinical therapeutic agents that target aquaporin‐4 and the pathogenic anti‐aquaporin‐4 antibody itself: complement inhibitor and T helper 17 cells based on the specific NMOSD pathology. The future goal of immunotherapies for NMOSD would be to select suitable therapies for the patient's pathological condition among off‐target and molecular‐target agents.
Pathogenesis of human T‐lymphotropic virus type 1‐associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis
Authors: Kubota Ryuji 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHuman T‐lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) is a human retrovirus that preferentially infects CD4+ lymphocytes in vivo. The virus causes a hematological malignancy known as adult T‐cell leukemia, and an inflammatory disease in the central nervous system (CNS) called HTLV‐1‐associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Approximately 0.3% of HTLV‐1‐infected individuals develop HAM/TSP. HAM/TSP patients show spastic paraparesis and sphincter dysfunction, as well as sensory disturbance of the lower extremities, which corresponds to pathological lesions in the spinal cord. Although the majority of HAM/TSP patients progress slowly, this disease progresses rapidly in some patients. An increased HTLV‐1 proviral load is more common in HAM/TSP patients than in asymptomatic HTLV‐1 carriers, and is considered to be a strong risk factor for HAM/TSP development. A prominent cellular immune response in HAM/TSP patients is a significantly elevated number of HTLV‐1 Tax‐specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells compared with asymptomatic HTLV‐1 carriers. Additionally, CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes accumulate in the perivascular areas of spinal cords in HAM/TSP patients. Viral DNA, mRNA and proteins are detected only in infiltrating CD4+ T cells, but not in neural cells. A high proportion of HTLV‐1‐specific CTL infiltrates the CNS. Furthermore, some neural cells surrounding the CTL, predominantly oligodendrocytes, undergo apoptosis. These findings suggest the pathogenesis that the HTLV‐1‐specific inflammation induced by the interaction of HTLV‐1‐infected CD4+ T cells and HTLV‐1‐specific CD8+ CTL causes bystander damage in the CNS. In the present review, a more exact pathogenesis of HAM/TSP is discussed based on virology, immunology and neuropathology.
Diagnostic application of a capture based NGS test for the concurrent detection of variants in sequence and copy number as well as LOH
Authors: Vetro A. , Goidin D. , Lesende I. , Limongelli I. , Ranzani G.N. , Novara F. , Bonaglia M.C. , Rinaldi B. , Franchi F. , Manolakos E. , Lonardo F. , Scarano F. , Scarano G. , Costantino L. , Tedeschi S. , Giglio S. , Zuffardi O. 
Published: May 2017

Whole exome sequencing (WES) has made the identification of causative SNVs/InDels associated with rare Mendelian conditions increasingly accessible. Incorporation of softwares allowing CNVs detection into the WES bioinformatics pipelines may increase the diagnostic yield. However, no standard protocols for this analysis are so far available and CNVs in non‐coding regions are totally missed by WES, in spite of their possible role in the regulation of the flanking genes expression. So, in a number of cases the diagnostic workflow contemplates an initial investigation by genomic arrays followed, in the negative cases, by WES. The opposite workflow may also be applied, according to the familial segregation of the disease.We show preliminary results for a diagnostic application of a single next generation sequencing panel permitting the concurrent detection of LOH and variations in sequences and copy number. This approach allowed us to highlight compound heterozygosity for a CNV and a sequence variant in a number of cases, the duplication of a non‐coding region responsible for sex reversal, and a whole‐chromosome isodisomy causing reduction to homozygosity for a WFS1 variant. Moreover, the panel enabled us to detect deletions, duplications, and amplifications with sensitivity comparable to that of the most widely used array‐CGH platforms.
Comparison between tapered and cylindrical implants in the posterior regions of the mandible: A prospective, randomized, split‐mouth clinical trial focusing on implant stability changes during early healing
Authors: Waechter Janine , Madruga Marina de Matos , Carmo Filho Luiz Carlos do , Leite Fábio Renato Manzolli , Schinestsck André Ribeiro , Faot Fernanda 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundCompanies affirm that tapered implants show adequate initial stability, while their installation in the lower arch is uncommon in clinical practice.PurposeTo compare the clinical outcomes of tapered and cylindrical implants and to study their effect on bone site characteristics and peri‐implant health during healing.Materials and MethodsThe implant site dimensions were assessed by linear measurements using CBCT prior to the installation of 40 implants in the posterior mandible (20 tapered and 20 cylindrical). The bone type was registered during drilling via the surgeon's tactile perception, following the classification of Lekholm and Zarb. Primary stability (PS) was determined by the insertion torque (IT) and the implant stability quotient (ISQ). Secondary stability (SS) and the peri‐implant health was monitored for 3 months through the visible plaque index (VPI), the peri‐implant inflammation (PI), the probing depth index (PDI), and the gingival bleeding index (GBI). Significant differences were investigated with t‐tests for independent samples, chi‐square tests or Fisher's exact test. Pearson's correlation test was used to investigate the relationship between the bone site characteristics and PS (IT and ISQ), as well as the relationships between IT and ISQ for each implant type.ResultsTapered and cylindrical implants showed no significant differences for any outcome variable (P > .05). A significant decrease in ISQ was observed after 7 days of healing (P = .0002), followed by a gradual increase beginning at 21 days (P = .0010) until the last follow‐up time at 90 days (P = .0319). The cortical height was correlated with IT; while medullary bone dimensions were correlated with the PS as evidenced by the ISQ values. The insertion torque was significantly correlated with the PS only for the cylindrical dental implants.ConclusionsTapered and cylindrical implants have similar biological behavior during the healing process. Bone site characteristics can influence insertion torque and implant stability.
Of Papers and Pens: Polysemes and Homophones in Lexical (mis)Selection
Authors: Li Leon , Slevc L. Robert 
Published: May 2017

AbstractEvery word signifies multiple senses. Many studies using comprehension‐based measures suggest that polysemes’ senses (e.g., paper as in printer paper or term paper) share lexical representations, whereas homophones’ meanings (e.g., pen as in ballpoint pen or pig pen) correspond to distinct lexical representations. Less is known about the lexical representations of polysemes compared to homophones in language production. In this study, speakers named pictures after reading sentence fragments that primed polysemes and homophones either as direct competitors to pictures (i.e., semantic‐competitors), or as indirect‐competitors to pictures (e.g., polysemous senses of semantic competitors, or homophonous meanings of semantic competitors). Polysemes (e.g., paper) elicited equal numbers of intrusions to picture names (e.g., cardboard) compared to in control conditions whether primed as direct competitors (printer paper) or as indirect‐competitors (term paper). This contrasted with the finding that homophones (e.g., pen) elicited more intrusions to picture names (e.g., crayon) compared to in control conditions when primed as direct competitors (ballpoint pen) than when primed as indirect‐competitors (pig pen). These results suggest that polysemes, unlike homophones, are stored and retrieved as unified lexical representations.
Cross‐cultural variation in the association between family's socioeconomic status and adolescent alcohol use
Authors: Gomes de Matos Elena , Kraus Ludwig , Hannemann Tessa‐Virginia , Soellner Renate , Piontek Daniela 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntroduction and Aims. This study estimates cross‐country variation in socioeconomic disparities in adolescent alcohol use and identifies country‐level characteristics associated with these disparities. Design and Methods. The association between socioeconomic status (family wealth and parental education) and alcohol use (lifetime use and episodic heavy drinking) of 15‐ to 16‐year‐olds from 32 European countries was investigated. Country‐level characteristics were national income, income inequality and per capita alcohol consumption. Multilevel modelling was applied. Results. Across countries, lifetime use was lower in wealthy than in less wealthy families (odds ratio [OR](girls) = 0.95, OR(boys) = 0.94). The risk of episodic heavy drinking, in contrast, was higher for children from wealthier families (OR(girls) = 1.04, OR(boys) = 1.08) and lower when parents were highly educated (ORs = 0.95–0.98). Socioeconomic disparities varied substantially between countries. National wealth and income inequality were associated with cross‐country variation of disparities in lifetime use in few comparisons, such that among girls, the (negative) effect of family wealth was greatest in countries with unequally distributed income (OR = 0.86). Among boys, the (negative) effect of family wealth was greatest in low‐income countries (OR = 1.00), and the (positive) effect of mothers' education was greatest in countries with high income inequality (OR = 1.11). Discussion and Conclusions. Socioeconomic disparities in adolescent alcohol use vary across European countries. Broad country‐level indicators can explain this variation only to a limited extent, but results point towards slightly greater socioeconomic disparities in drinking in countries of low national income and countries with a high income inequality. [Gomes de Matos E, Kraus L, Hannemann T‐V, Soellner R, Piontek D. Cross‐cultural variation in the association between family's socioeconomic status and adolescent alcohol use.
A meta‐analysis of the relationship between socioeconomic status and executive function performance among children
Authors: Lawson Gwendolyn M. , Hook Cayce J. , Farah Martha J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe relationship between childhood socioeconomic status (SES) and executive function (EF) has recently attracted attention within psychology, following reports of substantial SES disparities in children's EF. Adding to the importance of this relationship, EF has been proposed as a mediator of socioeconomic disparities in lifelong achievement and health. However, evidence about the relationship between childhood SES and EF is mixed, and there has been no systematic attempt to evaluate this relationship across studies. This meta‐analysis systematically reviewed the literature for studies in which samples of children varying in SES were evaluated on EF, including studies with and without primary hypotheses about SES. The analysis included 8760 children between the ages of 2 and 18 gathered from 25 independent samples. Analyses showed a small but statistically significant correlation between SES and EF across all studies (rrandom = .16, 95% CI [.12, .21]) without correcting for attenuation owing to range restriction or measurement unreliability. Substantial heterogeneity was observed among studies, and a number of factors, including the amount of SES variability in the sample and the number of EF measures used, emerged as moderators. Using only the 15 studies with meaningful SES variability in the sample, the average correlation between SES and EF was small‐to‐medium in size (rrandom = .22, 95% CI [.17, .27]). Using only the six studies with multiple measures of EF, the relationship was medium in size (rrandom = .28, 95% CI [.18, .37]). In sum, this meta‐analysis supports the presence of SES disparities in EF and suggests that they are between small and medium in size, depending on the methods used to measure them.
The importance of networking in development co‐operation: A social network analysis‐based evaluation of an international development programme
Authors: Nascimbeni Fabio 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis article aims to demonstrate that networking activities, if properly planned, applied and monitored, can help increase the long‐term impact of development co‐operation actions. We demonstrate the added value of networking within development actions, focusing on dynamics of trust and reciprocity and on the rationales beyond different collaboration patterns, demonstrating the impact of networking on program effectiveness, intercultural learning and sustainability. Using social network analysis coupled with participant observation, it was possible to trace the development of a large multi‐stakeholder development programme and to understand a number of dynamics not considered by the donor when evaluating the action, thereby reaching a better understanding of the challenges and success of the programme.
Patterns of fish movement at a desert river confluence
Authors: Cathcart Charles N. , Gido Keith B. , McKinstry Mark C. , MacKinnon Peter D. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractQuantifying fish movements in river networks helps identify critical habitat needs and how they change with environmental conditions. Some of the challenges in tracking fish movements can be overcome with the use of passive integrated transponder (PIT) tagging and antennas. We used PIT technology to test predictions of movement behaviour for four fish species at a mainstem–tributary confluence zone in an arid‐land river system. Specifically, we focused on the McElmo Creek tributary confluence with the San Juan River in south‐western Utah, USA. We quantified variation in species occurrences at this confluence zone from May 2012 to December 2015 relative to temporal and environmental conditions. We considered occurrences among species relative to tagging origins (tributary versus mainstem), season and time of day. Generally, fishes tagged in the focal tributary were more likely to be detected compared to fish tagged in the mainstem river or other tributaries. Additionally, adults were most likely to be detected across multiple years compared to subadults. Based on a Random Forests model, the best performing environmental variables for predicting seasonal detections included mainstem discharge during run‐off season (razorback sucker Xyrauchen texanus), tributary discharge during monsoon season (Colorado pikeminnow Ptychocheilus lucius) and mainstem water temperature (flannelmouth sucker Catostomus latipinnis and channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus). The variable responses by endemic and introduced fishes indicate tributary habitats provide several key functions within a fish community including spawning, rearing, foraging and refuge.
Dietary overlap and selectivity among silver carp and two native filter feeders in the Wabash River
Authors: Minder Mario , Pyron Mark 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSilver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) are a potential threat to native filter feeders and larval fish due to dietary overlap. To test for dietary overlap and selectivity, we collected diet samples from invasive silver carp and two native filter feeders (gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum and bigmouth buffalo Ictiobus cyprinellus), and river plankton samples at three sites on the Wabash River during the spring and summer of 2015. Contents of diet items were identified to major group and quantified. Diet proportions were compared among seasons, sites and species. Diet selectivity was calculated using the Manly–Chesson diet selectivity index. The results of our diet analysis showed that silver carp had significantly dissimilar diets among seasons and displayed dietary overlap with native fishes. We did not find a significant difference among sample sites. While silver carp diets overlapped with native fishes, the impact of this possible source of competition requires further study to confirm impacts on native fish abundances and body conditions.
The effects of aggregation on survival and growth rate in the wood‐feeding cockroach Panesthia angustipennis spadica (Blaberidae)
Authors: Ito Hiroki , Osawa Naoya 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe wood‐feeding cockroach Panesthia angustipennis spadica Shiraki (Blaberidae) is a gregarious species, and its groups containing both nymphs and adults have often been observed in the field. To clarify the effects of aggregation with a parent and siblings on nymphal development in P. angustipennis spadica, we raised nymphs of this species in the laboratory under the following three experimental categories: (a) aggregate with a female adult; (b) aggregate without a female adult; and (c) solitary. Survival rates did not significantly differ among the three categories. Unexpectedly, our results clearly showed that nymphs raised in aggregates with a female adult were smaller, lighter, and reached a lower instar than those raised without a female adult. These results indicate that the presence of a female adult does not positively affect nymphal development; i.e. there may be no direct parental care in this species as indicated by previous studies. Moreover, solitary nymphs grew faster and larger than nymphs in aggregates, showing that the aggregation with siblings also has no positive effect on nymphal development. Thus, it seems likely that external factors, e.g. predation and environmental conditions, may drive aggregating behavior in P. angustipennis spadica.
Law‐Based Commodification of Private Debt
Authors: Juutilainen Teemu 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis article looks back in history to understand how private debt developed into the kind of tradable asset, or commodity, that it is today. The article theorises that development, distinguishing in it three discrete but overlapping modes of commodification, namely propertification, impersonalisation and risk abstraction. The three modes shed light on changes in debt as a legal institution and in the economic and social functions of debt. Finally, the article shows that commodification of private debt is not just a phenomenon of the past, but something to be taken into account in future law‐making, where the three modes of commodification may help to recognise particular opportunities and risks. This is illustrated by two actions included in the Commission's Capital Markets Union project, one regarding cross‐border assignments of claims, the other the European securitisation market.