A Well Performance Study of Eagle Ford Shale Gas Wells Integrating Empirical Time-Rate and Analytical Time-Rate-Pressure Analysis
Authors: Davis A. S. , Blasingame T. A. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
In this work, our purpose is to create a "performance-based reservoir characterization" using production data (measured rates and pressures) from a selected gas condensate region within the Eagle Ford Shale (S. Texas). We use modern time-rate ("decline curve") analysis and time-rate-pressure ("model-based") analysis methods to analyze/interpret/diagnose gas condensate well production data. We estimate reservoir and completion properties — specifically: formation permeability, fracture-face skin effect, fracture half-length, and fracture conductivity. We correlate these results with known completion variables — specifically: completed lateral length, total proppant, total water used, and type of hydraulic fracturing fluid. We use the time-rate and time-rate-pressure analyses to forecast future production and to estimate ultimate recovery. Finally, we apply pressure transient analysis methods to those cases where the production history contains shut-in periods of sufficient duration to provide resolution in the pressure build-up data to identify reservoir features and qualitatively validate completion effectiveness. It is noted that ONLY surface pressures are available for the wells considered in this study.
We utilize industry-standard software to perform single well rate-time "decline curve" analyses. The traditional "modified-hyperbolic" time-rate model was used as the "basis" relation and the "power-law exponential" time-rate model was used as a check/validation (the power-law exponential model tends to be a more conservative relation for generating forecasts and estimating ultimate recovery). We also utilize industry-standard software to perform single well time-rate-pressure "model-based" analyses --- this methodology is also known as Rate Transient Analysis (RTA). In this work we used the full analytical model for the performance of a Multi-Fracture Horizontal Well (as opposed to a proxy or numerical model). We use Microsoft Excel and a commercial statistical software package to correlate the production analysis results with the measured completion parameters to create "design" relations for well completions — specifically correlations of estimated ultimate recovery with completion variables (completed lateral length, total proppant, total water used, and type of hydraulic fracturing fluid). Finally, we utilize industry-standard software to perform pressure transient analysis on the cases where the quality and relevance of the shut-in pressure data warranted such analyses.
In this work, we "cross-validate" the estimated ultimate recovery results by comparison of the time-rate and time-rate-pressure analysis results The correlation of EUR with completion variables, we propose, is shown to be statistically relevant for almost all combinations of variables, and the correlation relation should be applicable for creating completion designs. The analysis of surface-derived pressure transient data is successfully demonstrated for several cases taken from the gas condensate region of the Eagle Ford Shale (S. Texas). The work we perform in this thesis clearly demonstrates the validity of using empirical (time-rate) and analytical (time-rate-pressure) analysis methods for the purpose of characterizing well performance for wells in the gas condensate region of the Eagle Ford Shale (S. Texas).