bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ion Beam Processing in the Sample Preparation for the Analysis of Ductile Damage in Deep Drawing Steels
Authors: Besserer H.-B. , Gerstein G. , Dalinger A. , Jablonik L. , Rodman D. , Nürnberger F. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIon beam polishing and ion beam etching have proven their worth in examinations for which mechanical and wet chemical methods can not be applied. The analysis of voids in steel microstructures requires a sample preparation which provides for a surface ablation without mechanical impact on the sample surface. Otherwise, smearing effects prevent the revealing of voids. These voids arise during cold forming. They provide information on the ductile damage which is characterized by the formation, growth, and the merging of cavities in the microstructure. Taking the example of deep drawing steels, modified preparation methods for the imaging of microvoids and nanovoids by means of electron microscopy are presented. The specific resulting surface topography, which is influenced by the ion beam's angle of incidence, the accelerating voltage, and the processing time, is examined in a parameter study. It will be analyzed to what extent the relief structures created by ion beam processing are helpful for or interfere with the examinations. In addition to that, their suitability for the interpretation of microstructural processes in the context of the occurrence and evolution of ductile damages is discussed.
Prevalence, Patterns and Predictors of Psychotropic Polypharmacy Among Elderly Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease In Long Term Care Settings In The United States
Authors: Bhattacharjee Sandipan , Goldstone Lisa , Warholak Terri 
Published: April 2016

Background: Elderly individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) generally suffer from more than one psychiatric comorbidity, which necessitates the use of concurrent psychotropic medications. To the best of the author’s knowledge there are no nationally representative estimates of psychotropic polypharmacy among elderly individuals with PD in the United States (US). Objective: Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to examine the prevalence, patterns and predictors of psychotropic polypharmacy among elderly individuals with PD in the (US). Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study design with 2004 National Nursing Home Survey (NNHS) and 2007 National Home and Hospice Care Survey (NHHCS) data was used. The analytic sample included elderly (age ≥65 years) individuals with PD. Antidepressants, antipsychotics, sedative/hypnotics, and anti-anxiety medications constituted the psychotropic medication classes. Concurrent use of two or more psychotropic medications was classified as psychotropic polypharmacy. Results: Approximately 93,648 and 37,439 elderly individuals with PD resided in nursing homes and home health settings respectively. Among elderly nursing home residents with PD, the nationally representative prevalence of psychotropic polypharmacy was 26.28%, whereas, it was 21.36% in the home health setting. Use of antidepressant medications constituted the majority of the psychotropic medication use among both nursing home (48.91%) and home health (40.98%) residents with PD. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that specific comorbidities were significantly associated with psychotropic polypharmacy among elderly nursing home residents with PD. Conclusions: These findings underscore the importance of evidence-based prescribing when psychotropic medications are used in elderly individuals with PD to reduce unnecessary polypharmacy.
MAGNETAR-DRIVEN SHOCK BREAKOUT AND DOUBLE-PEAKED SUPERNOVA LIGHT CURVES
Authors: Kasen Daniel , Metzger Brian D. , Bildsten Lars 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
The light curves of some luminous supernovae are suspected to be powered by the spindown energy of a rapidly rotating magnetar. Here we describe a possible signature of the central engine: a burst of shock breakout emission occurring several days after the supernova explosion. The energy input from the magnetar inflates a high-pressure bubble that drives a shock through the pre-exploded supernova ejecta. If the magnetar is powerful enough, that shock will near the ejecta surface and become radiative. At the time of shock breakout, the ejecta will have expanded to a large radius (

∼

10

14

cm) so that the radiation released is at optical/ultraviolet wavelengths (

T

eff

≈

20,000 K) and lasts for several days. The luminosity and timescale of this magnetar-driven shock breakout are similar to the first peak observed recently in the double-peaked light curve of SN-LSQ14BDQ. However, for a large region of model parameter space, the breakout emission is predicted to be dimmer than the diffusive luminosity from direct magnetar heating. A distinct double-peaked light curve may therefore only be conspicuous if thermal heating from the magnetar is suppressed at early times. We describe how such a delay in heating may naturally result from inefficient dissipation and thermalization of the pulsar wind magnetic energy. Without such suppression, the breakout may only be noticeable as a small bump or kink in the early luminosity or color evolution, or as a small but abrupt rise in the photospheric velocity. A similar breakout signature may accompany other central engines in supernovae, such as a black hole accreting fallback material.
THE DIVERSE ORIGINS OF NEUTRON-CAPTURE ELEMENTS IN THE METAL-POOR STAR HD 94028: POSSIBLE DETECTION OF PRODUCTS OF i-PROCESS NUCLEOSYNTHESIS*
Authors: Roederer Ian U. , Karakas Amanda I. , Pignatari Marco , Herwig Falk 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
We present a detailed analysis of the composition and nucleosynthetic origins of the heavy elements in the metal-poor ([Fe/H] = −1.62 ± 0.09) star HD 94028. Previous studies revealed that this star is mildly enhanced in elements produced by the slow neutron-capture process (s process; e.g., [Pb/Fe] = +0.79 ± 0.32) and rapid neutron-capture process (r process; e.g., [Eu/Fe] = +0.22 ± 0.12), including unusually large molybdenum ([Mo/Fe] = +0.97 ± 0.16) and ruthenium ([Ru/Fe] = +0.69 ± 0.17) enhancements. However, this star is not enhanced in carbon ([C/Fe] = −0.06 ± 0.19). We analyze an archival near-ultraviolet spectrum of HD 94028, collected using the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph on board the Hubble Space Telescope, and other archival optical spectra collected from ground-based telescopes. We report abundances or upper limits derived from 64 species of 56 elements. We compare these observations with s-process yields from low-metallicity AGB evolution and nucleosynthesis models. No combination of s- and r-process patterns can adequately reproduce the observed abundances, including the super-solar [As/Ge] ratio (+0.99 ± 0.23) and the enhanced [Mo/Fe] and [Ru/Fe] ratios. We can fit these features when including an additional contribution from the intermediate neutron-capture process (i process), which perhaps operated through the ingestion of H in He-burning convective regions in massive stars, super-AGB stars, or low-mass AGB stars. Currently, only the i process appears capable of consistently producing the super-solar [As/Ge] ratios and ratios among neighboring heavy elements found in HD 94028. Other metal-poor stars also show enhanced [As/Ge] ratios, hinting that operation of the i process may have been common in the early Galaxy.
CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE FROM 9 TO 120 SOLAR MASSES BASED ON NEUTRINO-POWERED EXPLOSIONS
Authors: Sukhbold Tuguldur , Ertl T. , Woosley S. E. , Brown Justin M. , Janka H.-T. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
Nucleosynthesis, light curves, explosion energies, and remnant masses are calculated for a grid of supernovae (SNe) resulting from massive stars with solar metallicity and masses from 9.0 to 120

M

⊙

. The full evolution is followed using an adaptive reaction network of up to 2000 nuclei. A novel aspect of the survey is the use of a one-dimensional neutrino transport model for the explosion. This explosion model has been calibrated to give the observed energy for SN 1987A, using five standard progenitors, and for the Crab SN using a 9.6

M

⊙

progenitor. As a result of using a calibrated central engine, the final kinetic energy of the SN is variable and sensitive to the structure of each pre-SN star. Many progenitors with extended core structures do not explode, but become black holes (BHs), and the masses of exploding stars do not form a simply connected set. The resulting nucleosynthesis agrees reasonably well with the Sun provided that a reasonable contribution from SNe Ia is also allowed, but with a deficiency of light s-process isotopes. The resulting neutron star initial mass function has a mean gravitational mass near 1.4

M

⊙

. The average BH mass is about 9

M

⊙

if only the helium core implodes, and 14

M

⊙

if the entire pre-SN star collapses. Only ∼10% of SNe come from stars over 20

M

⊙

, and some of these are Type Ib or Ic. Some useful systematics of Type IIp light curves are explored.
RADIAL TRENDS IN IMF-SENSITIVE ABSORPTION FEATURES IN TWO EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES: EVIDENCE FOR ABUNDANCE-DRIVEN GRADIENTS
Authors: McConnell Nicholas J. , Lu Jessica R. , Mann Andrew W. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
Samples of early-type galaxies show a correlation between stellar velocity dispersion and the stellar initial mass function (IMF) as inferred from gravity-sensitive absorption lines in the galaxies’ central regions. To search for spatial variations in the IMF, we have observed two early-type galaxies with Keck/LRIS and measured radial gradients in the strengths of absorption features from 4000–5500 Å and 8000–10000 Å. We present spatially resolved measurements of the dwarf-sensitive spectral indices

Na

I

(8190 Å) and Wing-Ford

FeH

(9915 Å), as well as indices for species of H, C2, CN, Mg, Ca,

TiO

, and Fe. Our measurements show a metallicity gradient in both objects, and Mg/Fe consistent with a shallow gradient in α-enhancement, matching widely observed trends for massive early-type galaxies. The

Na

I

index and the CN1 index at 4160 Å exhibit significantly steeper gradients, with a break at

r
∼
0.1

r

eff

(

r
∼
300

pc). Inside this radius,

Na

I

strength increases sharply toward the galaxy center, consistent with a rapid central rise in [Na/Fe]. In contrast, the ratio of the

FeH

to Fe index strength decreases toward the galaxy center. This behavior cannot be reproduced by a steepening IMF inside of

0.1

r

eff

if the IMF is a single power law. While gradients in the mass function above

∼
0.4

M

⊙

may occur, exceptional care is required to disentangle these IMF variations from the extreme variations in individual element abundances near the galaxies’ centers.
NEAR INFRARED DIFFUSE INTERSTELLAR BANDS TOWARD THE CYGNUS OB2 ASSOCIATION
Authors: Hamano Satoshi , Kobayashi Naoto , Kondo Sohei , Sameshima Hiroaki , Nakanishi Kenshi , Ikeda Yuji , Yasui Chikako , Mizumoto Misaki , Matsunaga Noriyuki , Fukue Kei , Yamamoto Ryo , Izumi Natsuko , Mito Hiroyuki , Nakaoka Tetsuya , Kawanishi Takafumi , Kitano Ayaka , Otsubo Shogo , Kinoshita Masaomi , Kawakita Hideyo 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
We obtained the near-infrared (NIR) high-resolution (R ≡ λ/Δλ ∼ 20,000) spectra of the seven brightest early-type stars in the Cygnus OB2 association for investigating the environmental dependence of diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs). The WINERED spectrograph mounted on the Araki 1.3 m telescope in Japan was used to collect data. All 20 of the known DIBs within the wavelength coverage of WINERED (0.91 < λ < 1.36 μm) were clearly detected along all lines of sight because of their high flux density in the NIR wavelength range and the large extinction. The equivalent widths (EWs) of DIBs were not correlated with the column densities of C2 molecules, which trace the patchy dense component, suggesting that the NIR DIB carriers are distributed mainly in the diffuse component. On the basis of the correlations among the NIR DIBs both for stars in Cyg OB2 and stars observed previously, λλ10780, 10792, 11797, 12623, and 13175 are found to constitute a “family,” in which the DIBs are correlated well over the wide EW range. In contrast, the EW of λ10504 is found to remain almost constant over the stars in Cyg OB2. The extinction estimated from the average EW of λ10504 (A

V
∼ 3.6 mag) roughly corresponds to the lower limit of the extinction distribution of OB stars in Cyg OB2. This suggests that λ10504 is absorbed only by the foreground clouds, implying that the carrier of λ10504 is completely destroyed in Cyg OB2, probably by the strong UV radiation field. The different behaviors of the DIBs may be caused by different properties of the DIB carriers.
L’échec de la certification forestière. Le cas de la certification FSC examiné au travers de la sociologie de la traduction
Authors: Briec Louise , Mandard Matthieu 
Published: April 2016

Initiée dans les années 1990, la certification forestière a pour objectif de promouvoir une gestion forestière durable. Malgré les efforts consacrés à sa mise en œuvre, elle ne rencontre cependant pas le succès escompté. En examinant le cas de la certification du Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) au travers de la sociologie de la traduction, l'objectif de cet article est de synthétiser les causes de cet échec et de proposer quelques pistes de réflexion afin de tenter d'y remédier.
Part relative des institutions de microfinance dans l’architecture financière des pays de l’Union économique et monétaire ouest africaine : modèle théorique et évidences empiriques
Authors: Babatoundé Alain Latoundji 
Published: April 2016

L’article développe une méthode basée sur les théories de l’agrégation monétaire et des indices pour estimer la part relative et effective des institutions de microfinance (IMF) et du secteur bancaire. La méthode est appliquée aux pays de l’UEMOA sur la période 1993-2008. Les résultats suggèrent une forte progression de la part relative des IMF au Bénin, au Burkina Faso et au Togo, alors qu’elle est modérée dans les autres pays. Stigmatisant l’échec des politiques de libéralisation financière qui visent une unification financière, ces résultats remettent en débat l’importance des IMF dans l’architecture financière des pays de l’UEMOA avec des implications de politique financière certaines.
La courbe en S de l'assurance et ses déviations au Maghreb
Authors: Sadi Nour el Houda , Silem Ahmed 
Published: April 2016

La demande d’assurance a suscité de nombreux travaux pour identifier les variables explicatives. La plus importante est le PIB par tête. La courbe logistique de Enz en est la représentation. L’objet de cet article est d’expliquer les déviations de certaines économies par rapport à cette tendance. Une analyse en données de panel, portant sur 74 pays pour la période 1996-2011, est proposée. Les résultats font apparaître que la variable État rentier, négligée dans la littérature, joue un rôle déterminant.
Sortir de l’anonymat en situation révolutionnaire
Authors: Goujon Alexandra , Shukan Ioulia 
Published: April 2016

Le mouvement protestataire de l’hiver 2013-2014 en Ukraine, appelé Maïdan en référence à la place occupée dans le centre de Kiev, fait émerger deux types de protagonisme parmi ses participants ordinaires. D’une part, le protagonisme ordinaire se déploie dans la routine révolutionnaire à travers les multiples activités qui s’organisent sur la place (cuisine, assistance médicale, rondes de sécurité). Il renvoie à des formes d’action pacifiques qui font émerger des personnalités en raison de leur engagement prolongé et publicisé par les médias et les réseaux sociaux. D’autre part, le protagonisme insurrectionnel apparaît dans une phase de radicalisation de la protestation, issue de la répression par les autorités. Les opportunités de reconnaissance se multiplient lorsque des images de la violence policière à l’égard des manifestants sont largement diffusées. Le protagonisme s’appuie, ici, sur une défiance accrue à l’égard des élites politiques, surtout après les journées meurtrières des 18-20 février 2014. Il ne devient alors pas tant synonyme d’accès au pouvoir qu’une ressource politique.
Des émeutes à une crise politique : les ressorts de la politisation des mobilisations en Algérie en 1988
Authors: Aït-Aoudia Myriam 
Published: April 2016

Cet article analyse, à partir du cas algérien de 1988, la transformation d’émeutes en crise politique par la politisation de mobilisations multisectorielles. Cette crise produira ensuite une libéralisation inédite du régime autoritaire. Le propos est axé sur la dimension politique et contestataire de l’événement émeutes. Il montre, d’une part, que la qualification politique d’un événement, ici les émeutes, ne peut être imposée en surplomb par le chercheur – souvent à partir d’une analyse ex post . Il convient plutôt d’être attentif aux luttes pour la définition légitime de l’événement, en situation, et de restituer le processus par lequel une définition tend à s’imposer à tous les protagonistes, tandis que des catégorisations concurrentes sont écartées. Cet article montre, d’autre part, que la production d’une parole politique sur l’événement n’a rien d’évident, tout comme le succès de cette interprétation politique. Les émeutiers, multitude d’individus ordinaires tenus jusque-là à l’écart de la vie publique, ouvrent certes l’espace des possibles, mais ce sont des acteurs préalablement engagés qui médiatisent leur action et imposent un sens politique contestataire à l’événement en se fondant notamment sur des ressources et des réseaux antérieurs. Les caractéristiques mêmes de l’émeute – désorganisée, sans mots d’ordre, menée par de très jeunes gens qui n’articulent aucune parole politique – autorisent l’imposition, de l’extérieur, d’une parole politique consistante.
Naissance et mort d’une direction aux Affaires étrangères
Authors: Lecler Romain 
Published: April 2016

Comment expliquer le démantèlement d’une administration ? On propose une réponse à cette question rarement posée à partir du cas d’une direction dédiée à l’Audiovisuel extérieur au sein du ministère des Affaires étrangères. On isole trois moments idéaux-typiques d’entrepreneuriat bureaucratique qui témoignent à la fois de la petite histoire d’une administration et de la grande histoire des évolutions des conceptions de l’administration entre les années 1980 et les années 2000. Une première figure héroïsée est celle d’un entrepreneur « schumpétérien », Pierre, auteur d’un « exploit bureaucratique » liminaire au début des années 1980, qui a consisté à légitimer, au sein d’une diplomatie culturelle imprégnée de culture légitime, la cause d’un objet illégitime : la télévision, requalifiée dans les termes de l’innovation technologique (la diffusion satellitaire). La deuxième figure est celle d’un « manager », Paul, qui s’impose à la fin des années 1990 comme patron d’une direction autonome, chef de réseau novateur dans ses méthodes de recrutement et de management inspirées du privé, et maître dans l’art de politiser ses dossiers auprès de son ministre. La troisième est celle d’un entrepreneur sur la défensive, Jacques, qui doit liquider dans les années 2000 la direction de l’Audiovisuel extérieur dans un contexte de réforme néo-managériale de la politique culturelle extérieure et de concurrence entre administrations.
Déterminants et modalités du répertoire concurrentiel : une étude empirique du football professionnel européen
Authors: Marquès Pierre 
Published: April 2016

A partir d’une méthodologie quantitative, ce papier empirique prolonge les travaux de l’école de la dynamique concurrentielle (Smith, Grimm & Gannon, 1992 ; Baum & Korn, 1996). Son objectif est de mesurer l’impact de la fréquence et de l’intensité des mouvements concurrentiels sur la performance. A partir de l’étude des comportements de 100 meilleurs clubs de football professionnels européens de 1999 à 2009, la recherche confirme que les modalités du répertoire concurrentiel ont un impact réel sur la performance. Elle prolonge les travaux antérieurs en mettant en évidence le fait que la fréquence des mouvements stratégiques est négativement corrélée à la performance tandis que l’intensité est pour sa part positivement reliée aux résultats obtenus.
La gestion de projet à l’Hôpital :dossier patient informatisé et qualité de soins
Authors: Baujard Corinne , Ben Hamouda Iman 
Published: April 2016

L’organisation hospitalière, caractérisée par une activité complexe, est largement impliquée dans le projet dossier patient informatisé mis à la disposition des médecins, des personnels médicaux et du service administratif. Le partage des informations médicales, propres à améliorer la prise en charge du patient consultant ou hospitalisé, est sous le contrôle du législateur et des autorités de santé. En quoi l’implémentation du dossier patient informatisé contribue-t-elle à l’amélioration de la qualité de soins ? A partir d’une démarche exploratoire menée au sein d’un grand hôpital de la région parisienne, il apparaît des tensions dans la coordination de la prise en charge des patients.
Identifying Home Care Clinicians’ Information Needs for Managing Fall Risks
Authors: Alhuwail Dari , Koru Güneş 
Published: April 2016

SummaryTo help manage the risk of falls in home care, this study aimed to (i) identify home care clinicians’ information needs and how they manage missing or inaccurate data, (ii) identify problems that impact effectiveness and efficiency associated with retaining, exchanging, or processing information about fall risks in existing workflows and currently adopted health information technology (IT) solutions, and (iii) offer informatics-based recommendations to improve fall risk management interventions.A case study was carried out in a single not-for-profit suburban Medicare-certified home health agency with three branches. Qualitative data were collected over a six month period through observations, semi-structured interviews, and focus groups. The Framework method was used for analysis. Maximum variation sampling was adopted to recruit a diverse sample of clinicians.Overall, the information needs for fall risk management were categorized into physiological, care delivery, educational, social, environmental, and administrative domains. Examples include a brief fall-related patient history, weight-bearing status, medications that affect balance, availability of caregivers at home, and the influence of patients’ cultures on fall management interventions. The unavailability and inaccuracy of critical information related to fall risks can delay necessary therapeutic services aimed at reducing patients’ risk for falling and thereby jeopardizing their safety. Currently adopted IT solutions did not adequately accommodate data related to fall risk management.The results highlight the essential information for fall risk management in home care. Home care workflows and health IT solutions must effectively and efficiently retain, exchange, and process information necessary for fall risk management. Interoperability and integration of the various health IT solutions to make data sharing accessible to all clinicians is critical for fall risk management. Findings from this study can help home health agencies better understand their information needs to manage fall risks.