bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pallidal deep brain stimulation modulates cortical excitability and plasticity
Authors: Ni Zhen , Kim Sang Jin , Phielipp Nicolas , Ghosh Soumya , Udupa Kaviraja , Gunraj Carolyn A. , Saha Utpal , Hodaie Mojgan , Kalia Suneil K. , Lozano Andres M. , Lee Darrin J. , Moro Elena , Fasano Alfonso , Hallett Mark , Lang Anthony E. , Chen Robert 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveInternal globus pallidus (GPi) deep brain stimulation (DBS) relieves symptoms in dystonia patients. However, the physiological effects produced by GPi DBS are not fully understood. In particular, how a single‐pulse GPi DBS changes cortical circuits has never been investigated. We studied the modulation of motor cortical excitability and plasticity with single‐pulse GPi DBS in dystonia patients with bilateral implantation of GPi DBS.MethodsThe cortical evoked potentials from DBS were recorded with electroencephalography. Transcranial magnetic stimulation with a conditioning test paired‐pulse paradigm was used to investigate the effect of GPi DBS on the primary motor cortex. How GPi DBS might modulate the motor cortical plasticity was tested using a paired associative stimulation paradigm with repetitive pairs of GPi DBS and motor cortical stimulation at specific time intervals.ResultsGPi stimulation produced 2 peaks of cortical evoked potentials with latencies of ∼10 and ∼25 milliseconds in the motor cortical area. Cortical facilitation was observed at ∼10 milliseconds after single‐pulse GPi DBS, and cortical inhibition was observed after a ∼25‐millisecond interval. Repetitive pairs of GPi stimulation with cortical stimulation at these 2 time intervals produced long‐term potentiation‐like effects in the motor cortex.InterpretationSingle‐pulse DBS modulates cortical excitability and plasticity at specific time intervals. These effects may be related to the mechanism of action of DBS. Combination of DBS with cortical stimulation with appropriate timing has therapeutic potential and could be explored in the future as a method to enhance the effects of neuromodulation for neurological and psychiatric diseases. Ann Neurol 2018;83:352–362
Metallothioneins are neuroprotective agents in lysosomal storage disorders
Authors: Cavalca Eleonora , Cesani Martina , Gifford Jennifer C. , Sena-Esteves Miguel , Terreni Maria Rosa , Leoncini Giuseppe , Peviani Marco , Biffi Alessandra 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveLysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are a broad class of inherited metabolic diseases caused by the defective activity of lysosomal enzymes. Central nervous system (CNS) manifestations are present in roughly 50% of LSD patients and represent an unmet medical need for them. We explored the therapeutic potential of metallothioneins (MTs), a newly identified family of proteins with reported neuroprotective roles, in the murine models of two LSDs with CNS involvement.MethodsMT‐1 overexpressing transgenic mice (MTtg) were crossed with the murine models of Batten and Krabbe diseases. Changes in the survival and manifestations of the disease in the MTtg setting were assessed. In addition, we analyzed the therapeutic effects of MT‐1 CNS gene delivery in one of these LSD models.ResultsConstitutive expression of MT‐1 exerted favorable phenotypic effects in both LSD models. MT‐LSD mice showed a 5% to 10% increase in survival and slower disease progression as compared to not‐transgenic LSD mice. Rescue of Purkinje cells from degeneration and apoptosis was also observed in the MT‐LSD models. This phenotypic amelioration was accompanied by a modulation of the disease‐associated activated inflammatory microglia phenotype, and by a reduction of oxidative stress. Importantly, for the clinical translation of our findings, the very same effects were obtained when MTs were delivered to brains by systemic AAV gene transfer.InterpretationMTs can be considered novel therapeutic agents (and targets) in LSDs and potentiate the effects of approaches aiming at correction of the disease‐causing enzyme deficiency in the CNS. Ann Neurol 2018;83:418–432 Ann Neurol 2018;83:418–432
A Reconfigurable DNA Accordion Rack
Authors: Choi Yeongjae , Choi Hansol , Lee Amos C. , Lee Hyunung , Kwon Sunghoon 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDNA nanostructure‐based mechanical systems that control the distance between elements of interest have demonstrated great potential for various applications, including nanoplasmonic systems, molecular reactors, and other nanotechnology platforms. However, previously reported systems could not collectively manipulate a 2D or 3D nanoscale network of elements to various forms in multiple stages. A reconfigurable DNA accordion rack structure is introduced that is a DNA beam lattice that changes its conformation with a small amount of short‐length DNA locks as the controlling input. The lattice shape of the 2D DNA accordion rack and the diameter and the height of the 3D DNA nanotubular structure made of the DNA accordion rack could be controlled. Furthermore, by sequentially repeating the detachment and the attachment of the different DNA locks using strand displacement, the shape reconfiguration was repeatedly carried out.
Junction‐Controlled Topological Polymerization
Authors: Li Mao , Kang Shusen , Du Jia , Zhang Jian , Wang Jinxin , Ariga Katsuhiko 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMethodology that enables the controlled synthesis of linear and branched polymers from an identical monomer will be a novel pathway for polymer synthesis and processing. Herein we first describe the control of one or both of the C(3)‐C(3′) and C(6)‐C(6′) coupling reactions of carbazolyl. In a second approach, an identical monomer containing two carbazolyls is polymerized using chemical and electrochemical oxidizers, leading to topologically controllable growth of linear polymers in weak oxidizer or of cross‐linked polymer chains in strong oxidizer, with satisfactory long chain propagation of step growth polymerization (Mn=6.0×104 g mol−1, Mw/Mn=2.3). This very simple polymerization with cheap reagents and low levels of waste has provided a flexible pathway for synthesis and processing of polymers.
Reversible Dihydrogen Activation and Hydride Transfer by a Uranium Nitride Complex
Authors: Falcone Marta , Poon Lok Nga , Fadaei Tirani Farzaneh , Mazzanti Marinella 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCleavage of dihydrogen is an important step in the industrial and enzymatic transformation of N2 into ammonia. The reversible cleavage of dihydrogen was achieved under mild conditions (room temperature and 1 atmosphere of H2) by the molecular uranium nitride complex, [Cs{U(OSi(OtBu)3)3}2(μ‐N)] 1, leading to a rare hydride–imide bridged diuranium(IV) complex, [Cs{U(OSi(OtBu)3)3}2(μ‐H)(μ‐NH)], 2 that slowly releases H2 under vacuum. This complex is highly reactive and quickly transfers hydride to acetonitrile and carbon dioxide at room temperature, affording the ketimide‐ and formate‐bridged UIV species [Cs{U(OSi(OtBu)3)3}2(μ‐NH)(μ‐CH3CHN)], 3 and [Cs{U(OSi(OtBu)3)3}2(μ‐HCOO)(μ‐NHCOO)], 4.
Fabrication of a pilot scale module of thin film composite hollow fiber membrane for osmotic pressure‐driven processes
Authors: Park Chul Ho , Kwak Sung Jo , Choi Jiyeon , Lee Kangwon , Lee Jung‐Hyun 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTPolyamide thin film composite hollow fiber membranes have advantages in their unique structure compared to flat sheet membranes. This study examined interfacial polymerization methods for fabricating pilot scale hollow fiber membranes (membrane area: 1.2 m2, number of hollow fiber strands: 1200). For use in osmotic pressure‐driven processes, a one‐pot hydrophilic interfacial polymerization procedure was developed simultaneously to modify the surface property and synthesize polyamide thin film. With the procedure, a pilot scale module has a water flux of 13 LMH using a draw solution of 0.6M NaCl and a feed solution of distilled water through the design of the module configuration. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46110.
Effect of glass transition temperature on heat‐responsive gas bubbles formation from polymers containing tert‐butoxycarbonyl moiety
Authors: Iseki Masashi , Hiraoka Yuta , Jing Chu , Okamura Haruyuki , Sato Eriko , Matsumoto Akikazu 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTVarious types of polymers containing tert‐butoxycarbonyl (BOC) moiety as the typical protecting group of functional moieties have been used for the design of stimuli‐responsive polymer materials. In this study, we investigated the heat‐responsive deprotection behavior of BOC‐containing polymers obtained by radical polymerization of 4‐(tert‐butoxycarbonyloxy)styrene (BSt) and copolymerizations of BSt with styrene and methyl acrylate. The deprotection of BOC groups accompanying the evolution of isobutene and carbon dioxide as gaseous products was monitored by thermogravimetric analyses at different temperature circumstances; that is, on heating at a rate of 10 °C/min and under isothermal conditions at various temperatures. The deprotection resulted in a significant decrease in the transmittance of visible light due to the formation of a large number of gas bubbles, that is, foaming, in the polymer films when a heating temperature was close to the glass transition temperature of the used polymer. The potential of BOC‐containing polymers was also evaluated as the heat‐responsive adhesive polymers for dismantlable adhesion. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46252.
The impact of acquired thrombocytopenia on long‐term outcomes of patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention: An analysis of 8,271 consecutive patients
Authors: Liu Shuai , Song Chenxi , Zhao Yanyan , Zhu Chenggang , Feng Lei , Dou Kefei , Xu Bo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundAcquired thrombocytopenia is associated with an increased risk of adverse events of patients with acute coronary syndrome. However, data on its long‐term prognostic significance are limited. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between acquired thrombocytopenia and long‐term clinical outcomes.MethodsWe examined 8,271 consecutive patients who underwent elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at Fuwai Hospital from January 2013 to December 2013. Acquired thrombocytopenia was defined as a platelet count of <150 × 109/L after PCI with a normal baseline value. The primary outcomes were death and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) during a 30‐month follow‐up. Logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors of acquired thrombocytopenia post‐PCI.ResultsAt the 30‐month follow‐up, acquired thrombocytopenia developed in 654 (7.91%) patients (634 [7.67%] patients had mild thrombocytopenia, 20 [0.24%] patients had moderate or severe thrombocytopenia). Patients who developed thrombocytopenia had a higher 30‐month rate of all‐cause death (2.3% vs. 1%, P = 0.0086) and cardiogenic death (1.2% vs. 0.5%, P = 0.0261) than patients who did not develop thrombocytopenia. Moderate or severe thrombocytopenia was associated with a 13‐fold increased risk for cardiogenic death (adjusted HR: 13.578; 95% CI: 1.812–101.75) and 11‐fold increased risk for myocardial infarction (adjusted HR: 11.309; 95% CI: 2.749–46.53) compared with patients without thrombocytopenia. Baseline creatinine clearance (odds ratio [OR]: 0.993; 95% CI: 0.989–0.996), baseline platelet count (OR: 0.924; 95% CI: 0.918–0.93) and diabetes mellitus history (OR: 1.283, 95% CI: 1.056–1.558) independently predicted acquired thrombocytopenia.ConclusionsAcquired thrombocytopenia was independently associated with long‐term adverse outcomes. Predictors of thrombocytopenia were baseline creatinine clearance, baseline platelet count, and diabetes mellitus history.
Febrile neutropenia with bacterial paronychia
Authors: Hosono Yuki , Uenami Takeshi , Yano Yukihiro , Mori Masahide 
Published: January 2018

Key Clinical MessageThe symptoms of infection can be minimal or absent in patients with febrile neutropenia at first. The focal site of infection, which may be the main cause of a fever or be a complication of neutropenia, can develop as neutrophils increase during the clinical course of febrile neutropenia.
Lipase Encapsulation onto ZIF‐8: A Comparison between Biocatalysts Obtained at Low and High Zinc/2‐Methylimidazole Molar Ratio in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Pitzalis Federica , Carucci Cristina , Naseri Maryam , Fotouhi Lida , Magner Edmond , Salis Andrea 
Published: January 2018

AbstractLipase AK from Pseudomonas fluorescens and Lipase RM from Rhizomucor miehei were encapsulated into a zeolite imidazolate framework (ZIF‐8) by a “one‐pot” synthesis to obtain AK@ZIF‐8 and RM@ZIF‐8 biocatalysts. The effect of a high (1:40) and low (1:4) Zn/2‐methylimidazole molar ratio on the biocatalysts synthesis was investigated. The different Zn/ligand (L) ratios affected both the surface area, the loading, and the specific activity of the biocatalysts. Samples synthesized by using a high Zn/L ratio had high values of surface area whereas those obtained by using a low Zn/L ratio had higher loadings and specific activities. The decrease of pH (from 11.6 to 9.4) during the synthesis at high Zn/L ratio produced ZIF‐8 samples with features similar to those observed for low Zn/L ratio samples. The low Zn/L (1:4) ratio AK@ZIF‐8 biocatalyst retained 99 % activity after storage for 15 days at 5 °C and 40 % activity after five reaction cycles.
Determination of optimum number of components in partial least squares regression from distributions of the root‐mean‐squared error obtained by Monte Carlo resampling
Authors: Kvalheim Olav Martin , Arneberg Reidar , Grung Bjørn , Rajalahti Tarja 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMonte Carlo resampling is utilized to determine the number of components in partial least squares (PLS) regression. The data are randomly and repeatedly divided into calibration and validation samples. For each repetition, the root‐mean‐squared error (RMSE) is determined for the validation samples for a = 1, 2, … , A PLS components to provide a distribution of RMSE values for each number of PLS components. These distributions are used to determine the median RMSE for each number of PLS components. The component (Amin) having the lowest median RMSE is located. The fraction p of the RMSE values of Amin exceeding the median RMSE for the preceding component is determined. This fraction p represents a probability measure that can be used to decide if the RMSE for the Amin PLS component is significantly lower than the RMSE for the preceding component for a preselected threshold (pupper). If so, it defines the optimum number of PLS components. If not, the process is repeated for the previous components until significance is achieved. The pupper = 0.5 implies that the median is used for selecting the optimum number of components. The RMSE is approximately normally distributed on the smallest components. This can be utilized to relate p to a fraction of a standard deviation. For instance, p = 0.308 corresponds to half a standard deviation if RMSE is normally distributed.The approach is demonstrated for calibration of metabolomics measurements and spectroscopic mixture data.
A frequency‐localized recursive partial least squares ensemble for soft sensing
Authors: Poerio Dominic V. , Brown Steven D. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe report the use of a frequency‐localized adaptive soft sensor ensemble using the wavelet coefficients of the responses from the physical sensors. The proposed method is based on building recursive, partial least squares soft sensor models on each of the wavelet coefficient matrices representing different frequency content of the signals from the physical sensors, combining the predictions from these models via static weights determined from an inverse‐variance weighting approach, and recursively adapting each of the soft sensor models in the ensemble when new data are received. Wavelet‐induced boundary effects are handled by using the undecimated wavelet transform with the Haar wavelet, an approach that is not subject to wavelet boundary effects that would otherwise arise on the most recent sensor data. An additional advantage of the undecimated wavelet transform is that the wavelet function is defined for a signal of arbitrary length, thus avoiding the need to either trim or pad the training signals to dyadic length, which is required with the basic discrete wavelet transform. The new method is tested against a standard recursive partial least squares soft sensor on 3 soft‐sensing applications from 2 real industrial processes. For the datasets we examined, we show that results from the new method appear to be statistically superior to those from a soft sensor based only on a recursive partial least squares model with additional advantages arising from the ability to examine performance of each localized soft sensor in the ensemble.
Tuning the Surface Composition of Ni/meso‐CeO2 with Iridium as an Efficient Catalyst for Hydrogen Generation from Hydrous Hydrazine
Authors: Qiu Yu‐Ping , Yin Hui , Dai Hao , Gan Li‐Yong , Dai Hong‐Bin , Wang Ping 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSelective decomposition of hydrous hydrazine (N2H4⋅H2O) over metal catalysts provides a promising means for onboard or portable hydrogen source applications. Studies on N2H4⋅H2O decomposition catalysts mainly focus on the effects of bulk composition and structure on their performances, instead of the surface‐composition‐dependent properties. Herein, the synthesis of an Ir‐modified Ni/meso‐CeO2 catalyst is reported by using a combination of colloidal solution combustion synthesis and galvanic replacement methods. A combination of structural characterization, control experiments, and DFT calculations reveals that the Ni−Ir alloy resulting from calcination treatment exerts a profound effect on the catalytic properties. The resulting Ni@Ni−Ir/meso‐CeO2 catalyst shows excellent catalytic performance towards hydrogen generation from N2H4⋅H2O, which compares favorably with the Ni−Ir bimetallic catalysts reported to date.
Effectiveness of Biochar from Hydrothermal Carbonization of Wetland Biomass for Sorption of Ammonia
Authors: Ibrahim Bassel , Schlegel Mathias , Kanswohl Norbert 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study is twofold: firstly, to characterize the biochars resulting from the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of different types of wetland biomass and, secondly, to assess their potential for ammonia removal in aqueous solutions. The chars produced were carbon rich. The adsorption experiments indicated that hydrothermal treatment improved the ammonia removal efficiency rate, and loaded adsorbents were regenerable. Using an HTC char of reed as adsorbent has several advantages: it has the highest adsorption performance, the highest char yield, and the greatest affinity for regeneration.
Imaging‐based biomarkers: Changes in the tumor interface of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma on computed tomography scans indicate response to cytotoxic therapy
Authors: Amer Ahmed M. , Zaid Mohamed , Chaudhury Baishali , Elganainy Dalia , Lee Yeonju , Wilke Christopher T. , Cloyd Jordan , Wang Huamin , Maitra Anirban , Wolff Robert A. , Varadhachary Gauri , Overman Michael J. , Lee Jeffery E. , Fleming Jason B. , Tzeng Ching Wei , Katz Matthew H. , Holliday Emma B. , Krishnan Sunil , Minsky Bruce D. , Herman Joseph M. , Taniguchi Cullen M. , Das Prajnan , Crane Christopher H. , Le Ott , Bhosale Priya , Tamm Eric P. , Koay Eugene J. 
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUNDThe assessment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) response to therapy remains challenging. The objective of this study was to investigate whether changes in the tumor/parenchyma interface are associated with response.METHODSComputed tomography (CT) scans before and after therapy were reviewed in 4 cohorts: cohort 1 (99 patients with stage I/II PDAC who received neoadjuvant chemoradiation and surgery); cohort 2 (86 patients with stage IV PDAC who received chemotherapy), cohort 3 (94 patients with stage I/II PDAC who received protocol‐based neoadjuvant gemcitabine chemoradiation), and cohort 4 (47 patients with stage I/II PDAC who received neoadjuvant chemoradiation and were prospectively followed in a registry). The tumor/parenchyma interface was visually classified as either a type I response (the interface remained or became well defined) or a type II response (the interface became poorly defined) after therapy. Consensus (cohorts 1‐3) and individual (cohort 4) visual scoring was performed. Changes in enhancement at the interface were quantified using a proprietary platform.RESULTSIn cohort 1, type I responders had a greater probability of achieving a complete or near‐complete pathologic response (21% vs 0%; P = .01). For cohorts 1, 2, and 3, type I responders had significantly longer disease‐free and overall survival, independent of traditional covariates of outcomes and of baseline and normalized cancer antigen 19‐9 levels. In cohort 4, 2 senior radiologists achieved a κ value of 0.8, and the interface score was associated with overall survival. The quantitative method revealed high specificity and sensitivity in classifying patients as type I or type II responders (with an area under the receiver operating curve of 0.92 in cohort 1, 0.96 in cohort 2, and 0.89 in cohort 3).CONCLUSIONSChanges at the PDAC/parenchyma interface may serve as an early predictor of response to therapy. Cancer 2018;124:1701‐9. © 2018 The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
Racial disparities in prostate cancer survival in a screened population: Reality versus artifact
Authors: Kaur Dhamanpreet , Ulloa‐Pérez Ernesto , Gulati Roman , Etzioni Ruth 
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUNDRacial disparities in prostate cancer survival (PCS) narrowed during the prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) era, suggesting that screening may induce more equitable outcomes. However, the effects of lead time and overdiagnosis can inflate survival even without real screening benefit.METHODSA simulation model of PCS in the early PSA era (1991‐2000) was created. The modeled survival started with baseline survival in the pre‐PSA era (1975‐1990) and added lead times and overdiagnosis using estimates from published studies. The authors quantified 1) discrepancies between modeled and observed PCS in the PSA era and 2) residual period effects on PCS given specified values for screening benefit.RESULTSLead time and overdiagnosis explained more of the improvement in PCS for older ages at diagnosis (46% [95% confidence interval (CI), 44%‐50%] for blacks and 51% [95% CI, 50%‐52%] for all races ages 50‐54 years vs 98% [95% CI, 97%‐99%] for blacks and 100% for all races ages 75‐79 years). They also explained more of the narrowing in PCS disparities for older ages (33% [95% CI, 31%‐43%] for men ages 50‐54 years vs 74% [95% CI, 71%‐81%] for men ages 75‐79 years). The period effects amounted to reductions of 27% to 40% among blacks and 26% to 38% among all races in the risk of prostate cancer death, depending on the screening benefit.CONCLUSIONSReal improvements in survival disparities in the PSA era are smaller than those observed and reflect similar reductions in the risk of prostate cancer death among blacks and all races. Understanding screening artifacts is necessary for valid interpretation of observed survival trends. Cancer 2018;124:1752‐9. © 2018 American Cancer Society