bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal stress and the early embryonic microenvironment: investigating long-term cortisol effects on bovine oviductal epithelial cells using air–liquid interface culture
Authors: Wahl Fiona , Huo Jianchao , Du Shuaizhi , Schoen Jennifer , Chen Shuai 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe oviduct epithelium is the initial maternal contact site for embryos after fertilization, offering the microenvironment before implantation. This early gestation period is particularly sensitive to stress, which can cause reduced fertility and reproductive disorders in mammals. Nevertheless, the local impact of elevated stress hormones on the oviduct epithelium has received limited attention to date, except for a few reports on polyovulatory species like mice and pigs. In this study, we focused on the effects of chronic maternal stress on cattle, given its association with infertility issues in this monoovulatory species. Bovine oviduct epithelial cells (BOEC) differentiated at the air–liquid interface (ALI) were stimulated with 250 nmol/L cortisol for 1 or 3 weeks. Subsequently, they were assessed for morphology, bioelectrical properties, and gene expression related to oviduct function, glucocorticoid pathway, cortisol metabolism, inflammation, and apoptosis. Results revealed adverse effects of cortisol on epithelium structure, featured by deciliation, vacuole formation, and multilayering. Additionally, cortisol exposure led to an increase in transepithelial potential difference, downregulated mRNA expression of the major glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1), upregulated the expression of cortisol-responsive genes (FKBP5, TSC22D3), and significant downregulation of oviductal glycoprotein 1 (OVGP1) and steroid receptors PGR and ESR1. The systematic comparison to a similar experiment previously performed by us in porcine oviduct epithelial cells, indicated that bovine cultures were more susceptible to elevated cortisol levels than porcine. The distinct responses between both species are likely linked to their divergence in the cortisol-induced expression changes of HSD11B2, an enzyme controlling the cellular capacity to metabolise cortisol. These findings provide insights into the species-specific reactions and reproductive consequences triggered by maternal stress.
Community perceptions on wildfires in Mount Kenya forest: implications for fire preparedness and community wildfire management
Authors: Ndalila Mercy N. , Lala Fredrick , Makindi Stanley M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Natural ecosystems provide beneficial goods and services to adjacent communities. However, these benefits also come with societal risks, among them wildfires. Kenyan ecosystems have faced increased wildfire risk due to human activities and a warming earth that causes dangerous fire weather conditions. Mount Kenya is one such ecosystem that experiences annual fires; however, there is limited information on the level of knowledge or preparedness of the local community towards wildfires and fire management across the entire ecosystem. Here, we used questionnaires and interviews to randomly and purposively survey 55 respondents across 11 villages that surround Mt Kenya forest, majority of whom were Community Forest Association (CFA) members. We investigated the perceived extent to which the communities contribute to wildfires; their opinions on some aspects of fire management; and what individual and collective actions are required to improve fire preparedness.

Results
The most perceived causes of wildfires were honey harvesting (56%) and poaching (40%). A minority of the respondents (35%) were aware of the belief that setting forests on fire brings about rainfall, with 56% of that group reporting that the belief contributed to wildfire ignitions by a large extent. This scientifically inconclusive belief was not specific to certain tribes around Mt Kenya, as previously expected. The community strongly rejected the use of prescribed burning in fire management. They were against clearing of forest or farm debris to reduce fuel hazards, and preferred converting debris into compost.

Conclusions
To improve fire preparedness, firefighting training, resourcing, firebreak creation, and sharing of wildfire warnings with the local community need to be enhanced. Despite limited community involvement in fire-management decisions, we recommend a greater involvement of the local community in forest and/or fire management to promote ownership and sustainability.
Challenges in neonatal care: a case report of purpura fulminans in a 10-day-old infant
Authors: Sohail Huma , Zafar Yumna , Syed Dua Irshad , Jamal Ammarah , Lail Amanullah 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Purpura fulminans (PF) is a rare but severe thrombotic disorder affecting small cutaneous blood vessels. It may present as bruising and discoloration but can rapidly progress necrosis and life-threatening complications if not promptly diagnosed and treated. This paper presents a rare case of neonatal PF associated with protein C and S deficiency, highlighting the importance of prompt recognition and diagnosis.

Case presentation
A 10-day-old male infant presented with extensive purpura fulminans, microcephaly, and craniofacial abnormalities. Laboratory investigations revealed severe deficiencies in protein C, protein S, and antithrombin III. Treatment involved a multidisciplinary approach including antibiotic therapy, blood transfusions, and anticoagulation.

Discussion
Neonatal PF poses significant challenges due to its high mortality rate and potential neurological complications. Prompt diagnosis and management are crucial, although outcomes can vary. Long-term care and genetic counseling are essential for families affected by this rare disorder.

Conclusion
This case underscores the importance of early recognition and intervention in neonatal PF, especially in resource-limited settings. Improved strategies for diagnosis, management, and patient education are necessary to enhance outcomes and support affected families.
Optical polarization manipulations with anisotropic nanostructures
Authors: Li Zhancheng , Liu Wenwei , Zhang Yuebian , Cheng Hua , Zhang Shuang , Chen Shuqi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOver the past few decades, metasurfaces have revolutionized conventional bulky optics by providing an effective approach to manipulate optical waves at the subwavelength scale. This advancement holds great potential for compact, multifunctional, and reconfigurable optical devices. Notably, metasurfaces constructed with anisotropic nanostructures have exhibited remarkable capability in manipulating the polarization state of optical waves. Furthermore, they can be employed to achieve independent control of the amplitude and phase of optical waves in different polarization channels. This capability has garnered significant attention from the photonics community due to its unprecedented potential for polarization-selective and -multiplexed optical wave manipulation, offering versatile applications in optical imaging, communication, and detection. This paper reviews the design principles, representative works, and recent advancements in anisotropic nanostructures for optical polarization manipulation, detection, as well as polarization-selective and -multiplexed optical wave manipulation. Personal insights into further developments in this research area are provided.
When are predictions useful? A new method for evaluating epidemic forecasts
Authors: Marshall Maximilian , Parker Felix , Gardner Lauren M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
COVID-19 will not be the last pandemic of the twenty-first century. To better prepare for the next one, it is essential that we make honest appraisals of the utility of different responses to COVID. In this paper, we focus specifically on epidemiologic forecasting. Characterizing forecast efficacy over the history of the pandemic is challenging, especially given its significant spatial, temporal, and contextual variability. In this light, we introduce the Weighted Contextual Interval Score (WCIS), a new method for retrospective interval forecast evaluation.

Methods
The central tenet of the WCIS is a direct incorporation of contextual utility into the evaluation. This necessitates a specific characterization of forecast efficacy depending on the use case for predictions, accomplished via defining a utility threshold parameter. This idea is generalized to probabilistic interval-form forecasts, which are the preferred prediction format for epidemiological modeling, as an extension of the existing Weighted Interval Score (WIS).

Results
We apply the WCIS to two forecasting scenarios: facility-level hospitalizations for a single state, and state-level hospitalizations for the whole of the United States. We observe that an appropriately parameterized application of the WCIS captures both the relative quality and the overall frequency of useful forecasts. Since the WCIS represents the utility of predictions using contextual normalization, it is easily comparable across highly variable pandemic scenarios while remaining intuitively representative of the in-situ quality of individual forecasts.

Conclusions
The WCIS provides a pragmatic utility-based characterization of probabilistic predictions. This method is expressly intended to enable practitioners and policymakers who may not have expertise in forecasting but are nevertheless essential partners in epidemic response to use and provide insightful analysis of predictions. We note that the WCIS is intended specifically for retrospective forecast evaluation and should not be used as a minimized penalty in a competitive context as it lacks statistical propriety. Code and data used for our analysis are available at https://github.com/maximilian-marshall/wcis.
Protocol for Cancloz: multicentre randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group adaptive trial of cannabidiol for clozapine-resistant schizophrenia
Authors: Siskind Dan , Bull Claudia , Suetani Shuichi , Warren Nicola , Suraev Anastasia , McGregor Iain , Kisely Steve , De Monte Veronica , Trott Mike , Shine Manju , Moudgil Vikas , Robinson Gail , Parker Stephen , Krishnaiah Ravikumar , Stedman Terry , Drummond Allan , Medland Sarah , Iyer Ravi , Baker Andrea 
Published: October 2024

Background
Although clozapine is the most effective antipsychotic for people with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), only 40% of people with TRS respond, and there is limited evidence for augmentation agents. Cannabidiol (CBD) reduces positive symptoms in individuals with schizophrenia, but no trials have specifically examined its efficacy in those with clozapine-resistant schizophrenia.

Aims
To examine the clinical efficacy of CBD augmentation in people with clozapine-resistant schizophrenia.

Method
This is a 12-week randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group trial (registration number: ACTRN12622001112752). We will recruit 88 individuals with clozapine-resistant schizophrenia, randomised (1:1) to 1000 mg daily CBD versus placebo. Eligible individuals will be aged between 18 and 64 years, fulfil DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, have a total PANSS (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) score ≥60, have received oral clozapine for at least 18 weeks and have a clozapine level of >350 ng/mL. Interim analyses will be conducted at 25, 50 and 75% recruitment; these will also provide an opportunity to reallocate participants dependent on conditional power. The primary endpoint will be the difference in PANSS positive scores at the end of week 12. Secondary endpoints include depression, anxiety, sleep, quality of life, alcohol consumption, change in weight and metabolic syndrome components, and neurocognitive measures, as well as safety and tolerability.

Discussion
Novel treatments for clozapine-resistant schizophrenia are urgently needed. If found to be effective, CBD may have a role as a novel and safe adjunct to clozapine.
Subclinical attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and unhealthy lifestyle behaviours
Authors: Gostoli Sara , Raimondi Giulia , Gremigni Paola , Rafanelli Chiara 
Published: October 2024

Background
Literature emphasises the importance of identifying and intervening in the adoption of unhealthy lifestyle behaviours (ULBs) during adolescence at an early stage, to mitigate their long-term detrimental effects. Among the possible associated factors contributing to ULBs, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been shown to play an important role. However, little is known about ADHD subclinical manifestations.

Aims
The present study aimed to bridge the gap in the literature and shed light on the relationship between subclinical ADHD and early adoption of ULBs during adolescence. Through a clinimetric approach, prevalence of ULBs, severity of ADHD symptoms and psychosocial factors (i.e. allostatic overload, abnormal illness behaviour, quality of life, psychological well-being) were investigated among adolescents. The associations between different degrees of ADHD, ULBs and psychosocial factors were also explored.

Method
This multicentre cross-sectional study involved 440 adolescents (54.5% females; mean age 14.21 years) from six upper secondary schools. Participants completed self-report questionnaires on sociodemographic characteristics, ULBs, ADHD symptoms and psychosocial factors.

Results
The most common ULBs were energy drinks/alcohol consumption and problematic smartphone use. Of the sample, 22% showed subclinical ADHD and 20.2% showed clinical ADHD. The subclinical ADHD group showed several ULBs (i.e. altered mindful eating, impaired quality of sleep, problematic technology use) and psychosocial factors, akin to those of ADHD group and different from peers without ADHD symptoms.

Conclusions
Since subclinical ADHD manifestation is associated with ULBs, similarly to clinical ADHD, identifying subthreshold symptoms during adolescence is crucial, as it could improve health-related outcomes in adulthood across different domains.
Με τη φωνή του παιδιού: κοινωνιογλωσσικές αναπαραστάσεις του παιδικού λόγου σε κείμενα παιδικής και νεανικής λογοτεχνίας
Authors: Κόκκινος Δημήτρης Εμμανουήλ , Οικονομάκου Μαριάνθη 
Published: October 2024

Η μελέτη διερευνά την κατασκευή της παιδικότητας σε κείμενα παιδικής και νεανικής λογοτεχνίας. Εστιάζει στα ιδιαίτερα χαρακτηριστικά του παιδικού λόγου, όπως αυτά εμφανίζονται συνήθως σε αφηγηματικά και διαλογικά μέρη, μέσω των γραμματικών, λεξιλογικών και υφολογικών επιλογών των συγγραφέων. Εντοπίζονται έτσι και ερμηνεύονται στοιχεία που χαρακτηρίζουν τη γλωσσική έκφραση των παιδιών, μέσα πάντοτε από τα μάτια των ενηλίκων, και εξετάζονται οι επικοινωνιακές και αφηγηματικές στρατηγικές που αναπτύσσουν στο πλαίσιο της δράσης τους. Η άντληση και επεξεργασία γλωσσικών δεδομένων από διαφορετικές λογοτεχνικές πηγές αποσκοπεί στη σκιαγράφηση -δια του λογοτεχνικού λόγου- του κόσμου των παιδιών, όταν εκφράζουν σκέψεις και συναισθήματα ή αλληλεπιδρούν στην καθημερινότητά τους. Η διεπιστημονική αυτή προσέγγιση, που αντλεί τα μεθοδολογικά της ερευνητικά εργαλεία από τον χώρο της λογοτεχνίας και της κοινωνιογλωσσολογίας, ευνοεί την ουσιαστικότερη κατανόηση του τρόπου σύνθεσης στα λογοτεχνικά κείμενα του αυθεντικού, αυθόρμητου και δημιουργικού παιδικού λόγου και προσφέρει πολύτιμα εργαλεία αποκωδικοποίησής του στον αναγνώστη/ρια.
Physical activity in pregnant women: Literature review and educational recommendations
Authors: Mielczarek Maja , Sroczyńska Paulina , Kuderska Natalia , Sroczyński Jan , Sado Aleksandra , Wodniakowska Julia , Senior Karolina 
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE
Physical activity during pregnancy has numerous health benefits, including reducing the risk of excessive gestational weight gain, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and preterm birth. Quality of life (QOL) often decreases during pregnancy which may be linked to reduced physical activity (PA). This article emphasizes the importance of exercise during pregnancy and postpartum.
METHODS
An extensive examination of articles published in scientific journals was carried out through online research platforms PubMed and Google Scholar. We searched articles by entering keywords in appropriate configuration: “physical activity”, “pregnancy”, “pregnant exercises”, “pregnant woman”, “quality of life”, “QOL”.

DESCRIPTIONS OF THE STATE OF KNOWLEDGE AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Gestational overweight and obesity are linked to negative outcomes for both mother and child. Additionally, physical activity plays a vital role in reducing postpartum depressive disorders and managing conditions such as gestational diabetes and hypertensive disorders. WHO recommends to get at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week during pregnancy and the postpartum period. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) similarly advises engaging in a minimum of 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity, like brisk walking, each week during and after pregnancy.
SUMMARY
Physical activity can play a crucial role in preventing depressive disorders in women during the postpartum period. A systematic review and meta-analysis conducted in 2017 revealed that women who engaged in aerobic exercise for 30 to 60 minutes, 2 to 7 times a week, had a significantly lower risk of gestational hypertensive disorders, gestational hypertension, and cesarean delivery compared to those who were more sedentary.
Laparoscopic versus open repair for peptic ulcer perforation: a systematic review, meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomised controlled trials. Time to conclude!
Authors: Sokhal BS , Mohamedahmed AYY , Zaman S , Wuheb AA , Abdalla HE , Husain N , Hajibandeh S , Hajibandeh S 
Published: October 2024

Introduction The aim of this study was to investigate comparative outcomes of laparoscopic and open repair for peptic ulcer perforation (PUP). Methods A PRISMA-compliant systematic review with a PROSPERO-registered protocol (registration number CRD42024529286) was conducted. All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving PUP patients managed by laparoscopic or open repair were identified and their risk of bias assessed. Outcome syntheses for perioperative mortality and morbidities, need for reoperation, procedure time and length of hospital stay were conducted using random-effects modelling to calculate risk ratios (RR) or mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Findings Nine RCTs met the inclusion criteria, enrolling 670 patients of whom 317 were randomised to receive laparoscopic surgery and 353 were managed with open surgery. Laparoscopic repair of PUP significantly reduced mortality (RR 0.37, p = 0.03), total complications (RR 0.57, p = 0.0009), ileus (RR 0.43, p = 0.04), wound complications (RR 0.36, p < 0.0001) and length of hospital stay (MD −2.37, p = 0.0003) compared with the open approach. There were no significant differences in rate of postoperative leak (RR 2.00, 95% CI 0.74–5.41, p = 0.17), abdominal collection (RR 1.19, 95% CI 0.46–3.07, p = 0.72), sepsis (RR 1.17, 95% CI 0.39–3.52, p = 0.65), respiratory complications (RR 0.68, 95% CI 0.32–1.46, p = 0.32), reoperation (RR 1.74, 95% CI 0.57–5.30, p = 0.33) and operating time (MD 15.31, 95% CI −4.86 to 35.47, p = 0.14) between the two groups. Conclusions Laparoscopic repair of PUP is associated with significantly lower mortality and morbidity and shorter length of stay compared with the open approach. The laparoscopic approach should be the management of choice subject to the existence of laparoscopic expertise.
Agar-made biodegradable ball lens
Authors: Rosa Lidia O. , Morais Eduarda F. , Cordeiro Cristiano M. B. , Fujiwara Eric 
Published: October 2024

This work proposes the fabrication and characterization of ball lenses made of agar, a biodegradable and renewable material. Pouring a boiled solution of food-grade agar, glycerol, and water into cooled vegetable oil under agitation by a magnetic stirrer produces transparent and manipulable spheres. The glycerol concentration and rotation speed define the refractive index and size distribution, respectively, yielding lenses with diameters between 1 and 8 mm and indices ranging from 1.33 to 1.46. Experiments also characterized the output beam profile with 632 nm laser illumination. The results corroborate with the focal length simulated for a Gaussian beam model, suggesting controllable optical properties and anticipating potential applications of the agar ball lens as a biodegradable optical device for biomedical imaging, illumination, and sensing.
Deciphering changes in the incidence of hemorrhagic stroke and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: A nationwide time-series correlation study
Authors: Hyeon Cho Soo , Kim Dong Kyu , Song Min Cheol , Lee Euiho , Park Seoncheol , Chung Darda , Ha Jongmok 
Published: October 2024

Introduction
Hemorrhagic stroke and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) are associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and vaccination. We aimed to investigate changes in the incidence of hemorrhagic stroke and CVST in South Korea before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and the factors associated with these changes.

Materials and methods
We conducted a nationwide time-series study using population-based databases between 2007 and 2022. The real-world and forecasted incidences of acute non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and CVST during the pandemic period (2020–2022) were estimated and compared with the pre-pandemic period (2007–2019). The prevalence of conventional risk factors was measured using time-series data. Finally, a time-series correlation analysis was performed to examine the temporal association between conventional risk factors, SARS-CoV-2 infection, and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

Results
The incidence of hemorrhagic stroke (SAH and ICH) was lower during the pandemic than during the pre-pandemic period. This observed decrease was associated with a reduction in the prevalence of conventional risk factors but not with SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination. The incidence of CVST was higher during the pandemic than during the pre-pandemic period, which may be temporally related to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (Pearson correlation coefficient [r] = 0.349, P = 0.031).

Conclusion
We report reassuring evidence of hemorrhagic stroke associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. However, awareness of CVST may be required for future vaccine rollouts and SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks.