bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A personal perspective from the UK: ageing and psychiatrists
Authors: Benbow Susan Mary 
Published: December 2015

Objective: Psychiatrists appointed to National Health Service (NHS) consultant posts in the United Kingdom before a specific date in 1995 qualified for early retirement and this has implications for workforce planning. Methods: The author reflects on the implications this has for ageing psychiatrists and for relationships between psychiatrists and patients and families using mental health services, from the perspective of a psychiatrist who took advantage of the opportunity to retire early from a consultant post in the NHS and to develop a new career. Results: Older psychiatrists continuing to practise after retirement from consultant roles may bring disadvantages and advantages. Conclusions: Older psychiatrists may be a valuable resource for future mental health services, and they may be in a position to try out new ways of working which might be relevant to their younger colleagues in the uncertain future faced by mental health services at a time of austerity.
Testing Influences on Human Understanding of Software
Authors: Sheppard S. B. , Love L. T. 
Published: December 2015

Eight experienced programmers were each given three FORTRAN programs to memorize and reproduce functionally, without notes. Three levels of complexity of control flow and three levels of mnemonic variable names were independently manipulated. The experimental design was an incomplete split-plot factorial where each programmer was given one version of each program and all levels of the two primary independent variables. The participants correctly recalled significantly more statements when the complexity of control flow was reduced. Differences in recall for the three levels of mnemonic variable names were not significant. A further analysis compared the percent of statements correctly recalled to Halstead's E, a measure of the effort required to code a program. The Pearson correlation coefficient was −0.81, over the 24 data points; thus indicating that Halstead's E is a powerful predictor of one's ability to understand a computer program.
Electrocutaneous Coding of Information
Authors: Raple Lura I. , Lyman John 
Published: December 2015

Responses to electrocutaneous stimulation were investigated using the two point discrimination threshold as a means of providing information about the range of sensitivity to electrical stimuli. A complete factorial design was used to investigate the effects of frequency, pulse width, and phase shift on the threshold distance at which two electrocutaneous stimuli can be discriminated. Results were analyzed by an analysis of variance. The two point discrimination threshold was found to be significant for frequency, pulse width, and the interaction between pulse width and phase shift. Electrocutaneous sensitivity was determined by the level at which the minimum two point discrimination threshold occurred.
Prediction of Color Television Picture Quality
Authors: Greening Charles P. 
Published: December 2015

The nature of the man/machine interface in the color television system as used for home entertainment is explored and described. The problem of predicting picture quality is examined from the point of view of the receiver designer/manufacturer. The relevance of existing performance data, perference data, and physical measurements of image characteristics to the picture quality question is examined. Existing models and part-models are described, and the characteristics of a more complete, but hypothetical model are outlined. Fundamental limitations in the predictability of picture quality are described. These limitations arise in large part from the fact that many important factors in picture quality, such as quality of the broadcast signal, viewing conditions, and personal preferences are not controllable by the receiver manufacturer.
Human Factors Goes to the Polls: The Voting Process as a Man-Machine System
Authors: Blake Tyler 
Published: December 2015

With the advent of voting machines and computers, the voting process has evolved into a complex man-machine system. However, to date no comprehensive human factors analysis of the voting process has been conducted. A systems analysis of the voting process yielded four major functions which impact critically on voter behavior and performance: (a) Design of voting instructions (b) Display of crucial voting information (c) Human engineering of voting equipment and procedures (d) Distribution of voting machines and personnel across and within voting districts. Some critical aspects of each area are discussed, and some additional points of interest to human factors specialists interested in researching this area are mentioned.
A Neurohospitalist Discharge Clinic Shortens the Transition From Inpatient to Outpatient Care
Authors: Shah Maulik , Douglas Vanja , Scott Brian , Josephson S. Andrew 
Published: December 2015

Background and Purpose: Medicine hospitalist programs have effectively incorporated hospitalist-run discharge clinics into clinical practice to help bridge the vulnerable transition periods after hospital discharge. A neurohospitalist discharge clinic would similarly allow continuity with the inpatient provider while addressing challenges in the coordination of neurologic care. We anticipated that this would afford a greater total number of patients to be seen and at a shorter interval. Methods: The number of posthospital discharge patients who were seen in general continuity per month in the 6 months prior to establishment of neurohospitalist discharge clinic and those seen over 1 full calendar year 6 months after clinic began was compared by reviewing medical records. Average length of time between discharge from hospital and first clinic visit was compared between patients seen in general neurology continuity clinic and those seen in discharge clinic. Results: There was a significant increase in the average number of postdischarge visits per month after initiation of neurohospitalist discharge clinic compared to prior (16.1 visits vs 10.5 visits, P = .001). Patients were seen significantly sooner after hospitalization in discharge clinic (35.9 ± 4.3 days) compared to those seen in general continuity clinic during the same time epoch (57.6 ± 4.1 days; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Creation of a neurohospitalist discharge clinic was effective in increasing posthospital discharge follow-up frequency and shortening duration of time to follow-up.
BUMI Plc: Case of Contrasting Governance Cultures?
Authors: Bhasa Malla Praveen 
Published: December 2015

For an inquisitive student of corporate governance, the BUMI Plc case offers an extraordinary insight into the nuances of contrasting corporate governance cultures and their associated problems. The marriage of the East–West governance models and its subsequent failure has brought to the fore the vulnerability of the Anglo-Saxonic corporate governance model in the face of entrenched relationships characterizing Eastern governance structures. Western investor Nat Rothschild joins hands with the Bakries of Indonesia to build a mining behemoth. Despite the Bakries’ supposed lack of governance integrity, Nat allies with them with the confidence that the demands of Anglo-Saxonic corporate governance model would play a great leveller in ironing out any mis-governance-related issues. Whether he was too confident of the Western model of governance, or on his own competence as a successful investor, or whether he failed to grasp and appreciate other models of governance is a matter of debate. Suffice it to say that Nat sensed a huge business potential in Indonesia, and despite a contrasting governance model followed by Indonesian businessmen, he partnered with them in the hope that at the end the Anglo-Saxonic governance model would prevail and maximize shareholder value. Was he proven right or whether he misjudged his partner’s governance model forms the basis of this case. The case does not argue for or against any governance model. Instead it draws the student’s attention to the existence of different governance models and their interplay in a unified setting.
Apelin: an antithrombotic factor that inhibits platelet function
Authors: Adam Frédéric , Khatib Abdel-Majid , Lopez Jose Javier , Vatier Camille , Turpin Sabrina , Muscat Adeline , Soulet Fabienne , Aries Anne , Jardin Isaac , Bobe Régis , Stepanian Alain , de Prost Dominique , Dray Cédric , Rosado Juan Antonio , Valet Philippe , Feve Bruno , Siegfried Geraldine 
Published: December 2015

Key Points
Apelin plays a key role in maintaining hemostasis through the regulation of platelet function. Treatment of platelets with apelin inhibits aggregation and thrombus formation.
Phylogenomic methods outperform traditional multi-locus approaches in resolving deep evolutionary history: a case study of formicine ants
Authors: Blaimer Bonnie B. , Brady Seán G. , Schultz Ted R. , Lloyd Michael W. , Fisher Brian L. , Ward Philip S. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Background
Ultraconserved elements (UCEs) have been successfully used in phylogenomics for a variety of taxa, but their power in phylogenetic inference has yet to be extensively compared with that of traditional Sanger sequencing data sets. Moreover, UCE data on invertebrates, including insects, are sparse. We compared the phylogenetic informativeness of 959 UCE loci with a multi-locus data set of ten nuclear markers obtained via Sanger sequencing, testing the ability of these two types of data to resolve and date the evolutionary history of the second most species-rich subfamily of ants in the world, the Formicinae.

Results
Phylogenetic analyses show that UCEs are superior in resolving ancient and shallow relationships in formicine ants, demonstrated by increased node support and a more resolved phylogeny. Phylogenetic informativeness metrics indicate a twofold improvement relative to the 10-gene data matrix generated from the identical set of taxa. We were able to significantly improve formicine classification based on our comprehensive UCE phylogeny. Our divergence age estimations, using both UCE and Sanger data, indicate that crown-group Formicinae are older (104–117 Ma) than previously suggested. Biogeographic analyses infer that the diversification of the subfamily has occurred on all continents with no particular hub of cladogenesis.

Conclusions
We found UCEs to be far superior to the multi-locus data set in estimating formicine relationships. The early history of the clade remains uncertain due to ancient rapid divergence events that are unresolvable even with our genomic-scale data, although this might be largely an effect of several problematic taxa subtended by long branches. Our comparison of divergence ages from both Sanger and UCE data demonstrates the effectiveness of UCEs for dating analyses. This comparative study highlights both the promise and limitations of UCEs for insect phylogenomics, and will prove useful to the growing number of evolutionary biologists considering the transition from Sanger to next-generation sequencing approaches.
Machine learning approaches for elastic localization linkages in high-contrast composite materials
Authors: Liu Ruoqian , Yabansu Yuksel C. , Agrawal Ankit , Kalidindi Surya R. , Choudhary Alok N. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThere has been a growing recognition of the opportunities afforded by advanced data science and informatics approaches in addressing the computational demands of modeling and simulation of multiscale materials science phenomena. More specifically, the mining of microstructure–property relationships by various methods in machine learning and data mining opens exciting new opportunities that can potentially result in a fast and efficient material design. This work explores and presents multiple viable approaches for computationally efficient predictions of the microscale elastic strain fields in a three-dimensional (3-D) voxel-based microstructure volume element (MVE). Advanced concepts in machine learning and data mining, including feature extraction, feature ranking and selection, and regression modeling, are explored as data experiments. Improvements are demonstrated in a gradually escalated fashion achieved by (1) feature descriptors introduced to represent voxel neighborhood characteristics, (2) a reduced set of descriptors with top importance, and (3) an ensemble-based regression technique.
A Single Fluorophore-labeled Aptamer Sensor for the Detection of Interferon Gamma
Authors: Hashim Siti Norulhuda , Tsuchiya Akira , Kamiya Noriho , Sando Shinsuke 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is a cytokine that is mainly secreted from immune cells. It plays an important role in regulating neighboring cellular activities through interactions with cell membrane proteins. Because of its biological importance, there has been increasing demand for a biosensor that can respond to IFN-γ. Here, we report a fluorescent aptamer sensor that targets IFN-γ. The 25-nt IFN-γ aptamer was converted into a turn-on fluorescent sensor by labeling the 3′-end with fluorescein. The designed sensor achieved fluorescence sensing of IFN-γ with nanomolar affinity.
Method activation end date in the past. direction:re
Authors: Поздняков Виктор , Pozdnyakov Viktor 
Published: December 2015

The article discusses the problems of interaction between international and constitutional law. The author draws attention to their interdependence, due to the historical development of bilateral relations with the bourgeois revolutions of the first period to the present time.
The author emphasizes the influence of international legal problems in the constitutional development of modern Russia, emphasizing the need to define methodological positions in the research of formation and functioning of modern international political alliances.
National survey of current practice standards for the newborn and infant physical examination
Authors: Rogers Cathy , Jay Annabel , Yearley Carole , Beeton Karen 
Published: December 2015

Objectives: To determine compliance with recommended standards for the newborn and infant physical examination (NIPE), identify which professionals were performing the NIPE and determine standards for screening and management of babies at risk of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) or congenital heart disease (CHD). Design: In autumn 2014, an online questionnaire was sent to all heads of midwifery in the UK. Key findings: Completed questionnaires were returned from 64.3% (n=99/154) of targeted NHS Trusts. The main professionals performing the NIPE were paediatricians, midwives and neonatal practitioners. 95% of responding Trusts employed midwives qualified to perform the NIPE, with 13.7% of midwives employed in the UK NIPE-qualified. Midwives performed over 50% of NIPEs in more than 20% of Trusts where babies were born in the consultant-led delivery suite, and 70% of Trusts where babies were born in a midwifery-led setting. All respondents believed the optimum time for the NIPE was before 72 hours, and all but one Trust usually achieved this. Overall, nearly 80% of respondents rated the value of NIPE as a screening tool as ‘good’ or ‘excellent’. Conclusions: Despite evidence for the safety and cost-effectiveness of midwives examining the newborn, plus previous recommendations for expanding NIPE training, the number of NIPE-qualified midwives remains low. Considerable variation was found between Trusts for screening for DDH and CHD. Implications for practice: The few midwives with NIPE training are examining far more babies than those in their caseload, which undermines the principles of continuity of care. There is scope for improvement in the quality and consistency of information to parents and follow-up processes. There is a need for the development of more robust guidelines for practice and improved screening for neonates.
Resection of a physeal bar with complete transverse osteotomy at the metaphysis and Ilizarov external fixation
Authors: Kim H T , Lim K P , Jang J H , Ahn T Y 
Published: December 2015

The traditional techniques involving an oblique tunnel or triangular wedge resection to approach a central or mixed-type physeal bar are hindered by poor visualisation of the bar. This may be overcome by a complete transverse osteotomy at the metaphysis near the growth plate or a direct vertical approach to the bar. Ilizarov external fixation using small wires allows firm fixation of the short physis-bearing fragment, and can also correct an associated angular deformity and permit limb lengthening.We accurately approached and successfully excised ten central- or mixed-type bars; six in the distal femur, two in the proximal tibia and two in the distal tibia, without damaging the uninvolved physis, and corrected the associated angular deformity and leg-length discrepancy. Callus formation was slightly delayed because of periosteal elevation and stretching during resection of the bar. The resultant resection of the bar was satisfactory in seven patients and fair in three as assessed using a by a modified Williamson–Staheli classification.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1726–31.
Similar levels of pain are reported in forefoot surgery after management as a day case and admission for 48 hours
Authors: Chaudier P. , Bourdin M. , Gauthier J. , Fessy M. H. , Besse J. L. 
Published: December 2015

While many forefoot procedures may be performed as a day case, there are no specific guidelines as to which procedures are suitable. This study assessed the early post-operative pain after forefoot surgery performed a day case, compared with conventional inpatient management. A total of 317 consecutive operations performed by a single surgeon were included in the study. Those eligible according to the criteria of the French Society of Anaesthesia (SFAR) were managed as day cases (127; 40%), while the remainder were managed as inpatients. The groups were comparable in terms of gender, body mass index and smoking status, although the mean age of the inpatients was higher (p < 0.001) and they had higher mean American Society of Anaesthesiologists scores (p = 0.002). The most severe daily pain was on the first post-operative day, but the levels of pain were similar in the two groups; (4.2/10, sd 2.5 for day cases, 4.4/10, sd 2.4 for inpatients; p = 0.53). Overall, 28 (9%) of patients who had their surgery as a day case and 34 (11%) of inpatients reported extreme pain (≥ 8/10). There were more day case patients rather than inpatients that declared their pain disappeared seven days after the surgery (p = 0.02). One day-case patient with excessive bleeding was admitted post-operatively. Apart from the most complicated cases, forefoot surgery can safely be performed as a day case without an increased risk of pain, or complications compared with management as an inpatient. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1645–50.
Comparison of four different techniques for performing an osteotomy
Authors: Elmadag M. , Uzer G. , Yildiz F. , Erden T. , Bilsel K. , Büyükpinarbasili N. , Üsümez A. , Bozdag E. , Sen C. 
Published: December 2015

This animal study compares different methods of performing an osteotomy, including using an Erbium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet laser, histologically, radiologically and biomechanically. A total of 24 New Zealand rabbits were divided into four groups (Group I: multihole-drilling; Group II: Gigli saw; Group III: electrical saw blade and Group IV: laser). A proximal transverse diaphyseal osteotomy was performed on the right tibias of the rabbits after the application of a circular external fixator. The rabbits were killed six weeks after the procedure, the operated tibias were resected and radiographs taken.The specimens were tested biomechanically using three-point bending forces, and four tibias from each group were examined histologically. Outcome parameters were the biomechanical stability of the tibias as assessed by the failure to load and radiographic and histological examination of the osteotomy site.The osteotomies healed in all specimens both radiographically and histologically. The differences in the mean radiographic (p = 0.568) and histological (p = 0.71) scores, and in the mean failure loads (p = 0.180) were not statistically significant between the groups.Different methods of performing an osteotomy give similar quality of union. The laser osteotomy, which is not widely used in orthopaedics is an alternative to the current methods.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1628–33.
Expertise in the Name of Diplomacy: The Israeli Plan for Rebuilding the Qazvin Region, Iran
Authors: Feniger Neta , Kallus Rachel 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
After the September 1962 earthquake in the Qazvin region of Iran, Israel sent planning experts to assist Iranian relief efforts. A small project, the reconstruction of one village, led to a larger project initiated by the United Nations, in which a team of experts from Israel were sent to survey and plan the region devastated by the quake. This resulted in a comprehensive regional plan, and detailed plans for several villages. Israeli assistance to Iran was also intended to reinforce bilateral relations between the countries. The disaster offered an opportunity for demonstrating Israeli expertise in a range of fields including architecture, and to consolidate Israel’s international image as an agent for development. This article examines transnational exchange via professional expertise, using the participation of Israeli architects in the rebuilding of Qazvin as a case study, in order to demonstrate that architects were agents of Israel’s diplomatic goals. The architects had professional objectives, namely the creation of a modern plan for the region and its villages. At the same time, these objectives were intertwined with the Shah of Iran’s national modernization plan, and with Israel’s desire to become Iran’s ally in this drive for change and modernization, in the hope of promoting a different, more modern, Middle East.
Between Self and Citizenship: Doxiadis Associates in Postcolonial Pakistan, 1958–1968
Authors: Karim Farhan 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
In the two decades following the creation of Pakistan,1 its government embarked on a lofty project to establish Muslim nationalism as both a binding factor for the country’s culturally different east and west halves, and as a liberating force for the emerging Third World. A major focus of this project was to build democratic institutions including parliament buildings, universities, education training centres and polytechnic institutes. However, Pakistan’s shortage of architects and the government’s Cold War bent toward the United States eventually led to requests for technical assistance from the US Agency for International Development and the Ford Foundation. Through these partnerships Pakistan secured consultancy services from leading European and American architects. This article focuses on the work of Constantinos A. Doxiadis, whose projects included education reform, a university campus, a master plan of Pakistan’s new capital, Islamabad and a controversial refugee settlement project. This article asserts that the treatment of architecture as a flexible armature that could blend regional symbolism, Islamic iconography and technological modernism was the common theme underpinning Doxiadis Associates’s work in Pakistan. The result can be considered a strategy to transform Pakistan’s overarching Muslim nationalism into a hybrid of postcolonial selfhood and newly anointed citizenship that was infused with the United States’s post-war reformation spirit.