bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of yeast inoculum seeding on the remediation of water and sediment in an urban river
Authors: Tang Yin‐qi , Chen Yu‐chao , Chang Su‐yun , Li Meng , Sun Jing‐mei 
Published: May 2017

AbstractYeast, widely used in wastewater treatment, can make use of organic matter and provide nutrition for other living things. The effect of yeast inoculum addition on the remediation of water and sediment in an urban river was evaluated. In the field test, average removal efficiency of CODCr, NH3‐N, and TN was 20 %, 25 %, and 25 %, respectively, in the addition segment after 12 days. After one year, the concentrations of TN and TOC in sediment were not significantly different between the addition and upstream segments. However, species of carbon chains, alkanes with lower boiling points, fatty acids, and esters increased significantly in the sediment after yeast addition, indicating a long‐term effect on remediation by increasing biodegradability. Based on two years of long‐term monitoring, the total numbers of bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi in the sediment from the yeast addition segment were greater than those of the upstream segment. The sequencing results showed that the diversity of bacteria in the addition segment was better than that in the upstream segment. In summary, yeast addition had a significant effect on remediation in an urban river by increasing microbial number and diversity and providing a more favourable microbial environment.
Slicing Diamond for More sp3 Group 14 Allotropes Ranging from Direct Bandgaps to Poor Metals
Authors: Jantke Laura‐Alice , Karttunen Antti J. , Fässler Thomas F. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractConsiderable interest in novel Si allotropes has led to intense investigation of tetrahedral framework structures during the last years. Recently, a guide to deriving sp3‐Si allotropes from atom slabs of the diamond structure enabled a systematic deduction of several low‐density modifications. Some of the Si networks were recognized as experimentally known frameworks, that is, so‐called “chemi‐inspired” structures. Herein we present nine novel Si networks obtained by modifying three‐atom‐thick slabs of a cubic diamond structure after smooth distortion by applying the same construction kit. Analysis of the structure–property relationships of these frameworks by using quantum‐chemical methods shows that several of them possess direct bandgaps in the range suitable for light conversion. The construction kit was also applied to higher group 14 homologues Ge and Sn, and revealed interesting differences in the band structures and relative energies of the homologues. A new modification of Sn was identified as a poor metal, which denoted significant covalent‐bond characteristics.
A lipidomic cell‐based assay for studying drug‐induced phospholipidosis and steatosis
Authors: García‐Cañaveras Juan Carlos , Peris‐Díaz Manuel David , Alcoriza‐Balaguer M. Isabel , Cerdán‐Calero Manuela , Donato M. Teresa , Lahoz Agustín 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPhospholipidosis and steatosis are two toxic effects, which course with overaccumulation of different classes of lipids in the liver. MS‐based lipidomics has become a powerful tool for the comprehensive determination of lipids. LC‐MS lipid profiling of HepG2 cells is proposed as an in vitro assay to study and anticipate phospholipidosis and steatosis. Cells with and without preincubation with a mixture of free fatty acids (FFA; i.e. oleic and palmitic) were exposed to a set of well‐known steatogenic and phospholipidogenic compounds. The use of FFA preloading accelerated the accumulation of phospholipids, thus leading to a better discrimination of phospholipidosis, and magnified the lipidomic alterations induced by steatogenic drugs. Phospholipidosis was characterized by increased levels of phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylserines, and phosphatidylinositols, while steatosis induced alterations in FA oxidation and triacylglyceride (TG) synthesis pathways (with changes in the levels of FFA, acylcarnitines, monoacylglycerides, diacylglycerides, and TG). Interestingly, palmitic and oleic acids incorporation into lipids differed. A characteristic pattern was observed in the fold of change of particular TG species in the case of steatosis (TG(54:3) > TG(52:2) > TG(50:1) > TG(48:0)). Based on the levels of those lipids containing only palmitic and/or oleic acid moieties a partial least squares‐discriminant analysis model was built, which showed good discrimination among nontoxic, phospholipidogenic and steatogenic compounds. In conclusion, it has been shown that the use of FFA preincubation together with intracellular LC‐MS based lipid profiling could be a useful approach to identify the potential of drug candidates to induce phospholipidosis and/or steatosis.
Experimental Quantification of the Effect of Nonlinearities on the EIS Spectra of the Cathodic Electrode of an Alkaline Electrolyzer
Authors: Giner‐Sanz J. J. , Ortega E. M. , Pérez‐Herranz V. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractElectrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a very powerful tool to study the behavior of electrochemical systems. According to Ohm's generalized law, the impedance concept is only valid if the linearity condition is met. In the case that the linearity condition is not achieved, the obtained impedance spectra will present distortions which may lead to biased or even erroneous results and conclusions. In this work, an experimental quantification of the effect of nonlinearities on EIS spectra was performed in order to determine the order of magnitude of the effect of the nonlinearity of the system on the obtained spectra of the cathodic electrode of an alkaline electrolyzer.
Effects of the Younger Dryas climate event recorded in sediment near the western Irish seaboard
Authors: Wood Bill L. , Williams D. Michael , Murray John 
Published: May 2017

Results of analyses of a shallow marine sediment vibrocore from the Atlantic seafloor just west of the Aran Islands, western Ireland, are presented. The sediments range from ~16,000 to younger than 9,000 cal BP in age, based on 14C dating of foraminifers and molluscs. One sample within the core is dated at 12804 ± 125 cal BP and lies a very short distance stratigraphically below a conspicuous horizon containing isolated pebbles and sand‐size clasts, in what is an otherwise fine‐grained sequence of sediment. These outsized clasts are interpreted to be ice‐rafted debris. Approximately coeval with this horizon, the diversity and abundance of foraminifers decrease significantly and the foraminifer Nonionellina labradorica makes its first appearance in the core sediment. Stable isotope analysis shows a significant increase in values of δ18O approaching the horizon containing ice‐rafted debris. These results show the effects of a relatively sudden cooling of this part of the Atlantic Ocean at middle latitudes coincident with, or just after, the onset of the Younger Dryas event and demonstrate the extent of floating icebergs and probable later pack ice as a result of this temperature decrease.
Prospective analysis of radiation oncology image and plan‐driven peer review for head and neck cancer
Authors: Zairis Sakellarios , Margalit Danielle N. , Royce Trevor J. , Powlis William D. , Tishler Roy B. , Schoenfeld Jonathan D. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundDepartmental “chart rounds” is an established form of review in radiation oncology, however, evidence is lacking that identifies links between features of a more subspecialized disease site‐specific review and the likelihood and characteristics of recommendations made. We prospectively analyzed our head and neck group's review process to identify associations that could guide future practice.MethodsOur group reviewed proposed management and treatment volumes for radiation simulated patients on a weekly basis, and we collected data encompassing recommendations made by individuals or group consensus.ResultsChanges in management, prescribed dose, radiation fractionation, clinical target volumes, or target contours were suggested in 85 of 182 cases. The most frequently recommended changes were adjustment of regions treated or target contours, and an inverse correlation was observed between the number of attending physicians present and specific changes suggested to the gross tumor volume (GTV).ConclusionWe find that site‐specific head and neck peer review results in frequent recommendations largely independent of the type of case reviewed.
Intrinsic cellular and molecular properties of in vivo hippocampal synaptic plasticity are altered in the absence of key synaptic matrix molecules
Authors: Jansen Stephan , Gottschling Christine , Faissner Andreas , Manahan‐Vaughan Denise 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHippocampal synaptic plasticity comprises a key cellular mechanism for information storage. In the hippocampus, both long‐term potentiation (LTP) and long‐term depression (LTD) are triggered by synaptic Ca2+‐elevations that are typically mediated by the opening of voltage‐gated cation channels, such as N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptors (NMDAR), in the postsynaptic density. The integrity of the post‐synaptic density is ensured by the extracellular matrix (ECM). Here, we explored whether synaptic plasticity is affected in adult behaving mice that lack the ECM proteins brevican, neurocan, tenascin‐C, and tenascin‐R (KO). We observed that the profiles of synaptic potentiation and depression in the dentate gyrus (DG) were profoundly altered compared to plasticity profiles in wild‐type littermates (WT). Specifically, synaptic depression was amplified in a frequency‐dependent manner and although late‐LTP (>24 hr) was expressed following strong afferent tetanization, the early component of LTP (<75 min post‐tetanization) was absent. LTP (>4 hr) elicited by weaker tetanization was equivalent in WT and KO animals. Furthermore, this latter form of LTP was NMDAR‐dependent in WT but not KO mice. Scrutiny of DG receptor expression revealed significantly lower levels of both the GluN2A and GluN2B subunits of the N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor, of the metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGlu5 and of the L‐type calcium channel, Cav1.3 in KO compared to WT animals. Homer 1a and of the P/Q‐type calcium channel, Cav1.2 were unchanged in KO mice. Taken together, findings suggest that in mice that lack multiple ECM proteins, synaptic plasticity is intact, but is fundamentally different.
Postpartum contraceptive choices among women attending a well‐baby clinic in Ghana
Authors: Morhe Emmanuel S.K. , Ankobea Frank , Asubonteng Gerald O. , Opoku Baafuor , Turpin Cornelius A. , Dalton Vanessa K. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo assess postpartum contraceptive choices among women attending a well‐baby clinic in Ghana.MethodsFrom April 1 to May 31, 2011, a descriptive cross‐sectional survey was conducted among women who attended the well‐baby clinic of Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, at 6–24 months after delivery. Participants were consecutively recruited and interviewed using semi‐structured questionnaires. Data were collected on demographics, exposure to family planning counseling, message content, and postpartum contraceptive choices. Differences between the profiles of women who did or did not take up postpartum family planning were assessed.ResultsOf the 200 women enrolled, 44 (22.0%) wanted no more children and the last pregnancy was unintended among 88 (44.0%). In all, 110 (55.0%) women took up postpartum contraception, with the calendar method (n=57; 51.8%) and injectable contraceptives (n=22; 20.0%) cited as popular choices. Family planning counseling was received at the prenatal clinic by 47 (23.5%) women, with 12 (6.0%) given written referrals on the postnatal ward. More previous contraceptive users than previous non‐users chose long‐acting or permanent postpartum methods (P<0.001).ConclusionInadequate postpartum family planning counseling and referrals during maternity care were recorded, suggesting that a comprehensive educational intervention is required to improve uptake.
5‐Azacytidine‐mediated hMSC behavior on electrospun scaffolds for skeletal muscle regeneration
Authors: Fasolino Ines , Guarino Vincenzo , Cirillo Valentina , Ambrosio Luigi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIncomplete regeneration after trauma or muscular dysfunction is a common problem in muscle replacement therapies. Recent approaches in tissue engineering allow for the replication of skeletal muscle structure and function in vitro and in vivo by molecular therapies and implantable scaffolds which properly address muscle cells toward myotube differentiation and maturation. Here, we investigate the in vitro response of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) on electrospun fibers made of polycaprolactone (PCL) in the presence of 5‐azacytidine (5‐AZA) to evaluate how fibrous network may influence the therapeutic effect of drug during in vitro myogenesis. Biological studies demonstrate the ability of hMSCs to differentiate in mature myofibers in supplemented (myogenic) and, preferentially, in 5‐AZA‐enriched culture. PCL electrospun fibers amplify the 5‐AZA capability to induce a low proliferation rate in hMSC, thus promoting hMSC differentiation (MTT assay). Qualitative (Azan Mallory stain, immunofluorescence assay, SEM analyses) and quantitative (ELISA test) assays confirm the synergistic contribution of PCL electrospun fibers and 5‐AZA on in vitro myotubes formation and maturation. This result is also confirmed by the expression of muscle‐specific proteins related to the myogenic mechanisms in the presence of other muscle inductive signals (i.e., oxytocin, Tweak). Hence, we suggest the use of PCL electrospun fibers as interesting preclinical model to explore the effect of drugs and chemotherapeutics administration after damaged muscle resection. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2551–2561, 2017.
Up‐to‐date cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Okamura Hideo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has been first reported more than 10 years ago as a therapy for patients with severe chronic heart failure. The efficacy of CRT has been proven in many studies that it improves not only quality of life but also the prognosis of the patients. Its indication has been expanded for patients with mild heart failure. On the other hand, some patients cannot receive enough benefit through CRT. The position of the left ventricular lead is limited due to the anatomy of coronary sinus branches, pacing threshold of the myocardium, phrenic nerve stimulation, and so on. Also, the right selection of the candidates for CRT is critical to receive the most benefit of this therapy. The target of this review article is to describe the efficacy and the indication of CRT, which can be of any help to enroll more patients with heart failure who are likely to get benefits through CRT.
Evaluation of a new satellite‐based precipitation data set for climate studies in the Xiang River basin, southern China
Authors: Zhu Qian , Hsu Kuo‐lin , Xu Yue‐Ping , Yang Tiantian 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTA new satellite‐based precipitation data set, Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks‐Climate Data Record (PERSIANN‐CDR), with long‐term time series dating back to 1983, can be one valuable data set for climate studies. This study investigates the feasibility of using PERSIANN‐CDR as a reference data set for climate studies. Sixteen Coupled Model Intercomparison Projection Phase 5 (CMIP5) models are evaluated over the Xiang River basin, southern China, by comparing their performance on precipitation projection and streamflow simulation, particularly on extreme precipitation and streamflow events. The results show PERSIANN‐CDR is a valuable data set for climate studies, even on extreme precipitation events. The precipitation estimates and their extreme events from CMIP5 models are improved significantly compared with rain gauge observations after bias correction by the PERSIANN‐CDR precipitation estimates. Given streamflows simulated with raw and bias‐corrected precipitation estimates from 16 CMIP5 models, 10 out of 16 are improved after bias correction. The impact of bias correction on extreme events for streamflow simulations are unstable, with 8 out of 16 models can be clearly claimed they are improved after the bias correction. Concerning the performance of raw CMIP5 models on precipitation, IPSL‐CM5A‐MR excels the other CMIP5 models, while MRI‐CGCM3 outperforms on extreme events with its better performance on six extreme precipitation metrics. Case studies also show that raw CCSM4, CESM1‐CAM5, and MRI‐CGCM3 outperform other models on streamflow simulation, while MIROC5‐ESM‐CHEM, MIROC5‐ESM, and IPSL‐CM5A‐MR behave better than the other models after bias correction.
Exposure to fermentation supernatant of Staphylococcus aureus accelerated dedifferentiation of chondrocytes and production of antimicrobial peptides
Authors: Li Shuaijun , Zhang Yun , Sun Yidan , Cao Weigang , Cui Lei 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTStaphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is the most popular pathogen found in septic arthritis. Despite bacteria was eradicated from joint cavity during acute infection, destruction of articular cartilage often continues for years, leading to permanent joint damage. The mechanism responsible for this consistent catabolic reaction in septic arthritis remains unclear. Here, we found that fermentation supernatant (FS) of S. aureus accelerated dedifferentiation of chondrocytes and induced expression of catabolic factors including A Disintegrin‐like and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin‐1 motifs 5, NO synthase 2, matrix metalloproteinase‐3, ‐13. In response to FS of S. aureus stimulation, expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) including β‐defensin‐1, ‐2, ‐3, ‐4, cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) in dedifferentiated chondrocytes was significantly higher than that in chondrocytes which maintained their differentiated phenotype. Among AMPs detected, expression of CAMP in dedifferentiated chondrocytes was observed to increase 170 times higher than that in differentiated ones. When exposed to FS of S. aureus, expression of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐17F, and IL‐22 were remarkably increased in dedifferentiated chondrocytes. These results indicated that dedifferentiation of chondrocytes caused by exposure to S. aureus might be responsible for secondary osteoarthritis (OA) after acute S. aureus infection in joint. While, one potential benefit of dedifferentiation resulted from S. aureus exposure is that chondrocytes initiates a self‐protective responsiveness by producing more AMPs against bacterial infection. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:443–451, 2018.
Fostering economic and social development in China: Overview
Authors: Floyd David , Rahman Mizan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis issue sets out to examine the economic and social progress being made in China at a time when growth has fallen a little from its peak. Sustaining a high level of development will be crucial for both China and the global economy. The recent forecast of lackluster growth in the United States and Europe puts more pressure on Chinese growth in the global context. Recent falls in the Chinese real‐estate market and the uncertainty of a bubble in the stock market create further pressure on China to maintain long‐term stable growth. The most critical factors for achieving a favorable result will be whether China can maintain an increasingly international and open approach toward economic development. China has begun to successfully develop its own identity and global brands, including the targeting of firms (e.g., Huawei and Haier), as well as taking successful stakes in car companies (e.g., the Volvo/Geely collaboration). Recent activity has included the service sector and a stake in the Thomas Cook brand in travel and tourism. The articles in this issue suggest where the main focus in economic and social development needs to be in order to help achieve a positive result for the future.
International investment by state‐controlled enterprises: A source for concern?
Authors: Enderwick Peter 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe international business activities of state‐controlled enterprises appear to differ from those of otherwise comparable private‐sector firms, giving rise to issues that provide a basis for corrective policy actions. The rapid growth in international investment by state‐controlled enterprises (SCEs), particularly those of China, has raised considerable public disquiet and policy challenges in a number of host countries. Examination of the issues associated with Chinese SCEs reveals grounds for policy concern with regard to transparency and accountability, the pursuit of non‐commercial goals, and the deployment of artificially created competitive advantages resulting from government subsidization, preferential treatment, and structural distortions. In light of these concerns, we discuss possible policy responses at the level of the home country, the host economy, and through international regulation.
Strategies and servicescapes: Delivering user‐focused health care in Europe and China
Authors: Ardley Barry , Chen Ning (Chris) 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe health servicescape model provides an effective tool for both developed and developing markets in terms of both situation analysis and the strategic implementation of effective, user‐focused change. European and Chinese health‐care providers are challenged in increasingly consumer‐centered economies. A health servicescape perspective can be utilized to provide a framework for initiating appropriate responses to the range of consumer and environmental forces. It is suggested that some good practices are emerging, but a range of specific servicescape strategies need to be adopted, particularly in the case of China.
Improving theranostics in pancreatic cancer
Authors: King Jeremy , Bouvet Michael , Singh Gagandeep , Williams John 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundPancreatic cancer is the fourth most deadly cancer in the United States, and is expected to be the second most deadly by 2030. The major difficulty in treating pancreatic cancer is the late onset of symptoms. Generally, patients show metastatic disease by the time of diagnosis, with a survival rate of 5% beyond 5 years. In patients without metastatic disease, surgical resection increases 5 year survival rate to 25%. The remaining 75% succumb to undetected metastases. Clearly, improvements to both detection, surgical intervention, and therapeutic strategies will be needed to improve patient outcome in pancreatic cancer.MethodsRecent literature has been surveyed and atomic models of new therapeutic approaches were generated.Results and ConclusionsHere, we focus on the recent progress employing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to target pancreatic cancer associated markers, and more specifically on recent chemical and protein engineering efforts to improve the homogeneity, stability, and administration of mAbs to precisely deliver imaging agents and cytotoxins to sites of disease.