bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance and conventional occupational therapy on occupational performance in individuals with stroke: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ahn Si-nae , Yoo Eun-young , Jung Min-ye , Park Hae-yean , Lee Ji-yeon , Choi Yoo-im 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND: Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) approach based on cognitive strategy in occupational therapy. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of CO-OP approach on occupational performance in individuals with hemiparetic stroke. METHODS: This study was designed as a 5-week, randomized, single-blind. Forty-three participants who had a diagnosis of first stroke were enrolled in this study. The participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group ( n = 20) or the control group ( n = 23). The experimental group conducted CO-OP approach while the control group conducted conventional occupational therapy based on occupational performance components. This study measured Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) and Performance Quality Rating Scale (PQRS). Outcome measurements were performed at baseline and post-intervention. RESULTS: After training, the scores of COPM and PQRS in trained task were significantly higher for the score in the experimental group than the control group. In addition, the non-trained task was significantly higher for the score in the experimental group than the control group in COPM and the PQRS. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the CO-OP approach is beneficial effects on the occupational performance to improvement in individuals with hemiparetic stroke, and have positive effects on generalization and transfer of acquired skills.
Effect of foot placements during sit to stand transition on timed up and go test in stroke subjects: A cross sectional study
Authors: Joshua Abraham M. , Karnad Shreekanth D. , Nayak Akshatha , Suresh B.V. , Mithra Prasanna , Unnikrishnan B. 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Timed up and go (TUG) test is been used as a screening tool for the assessment of risk of falling in individuals following stroke. Though TUG test is a quick test, it has fair sensitivity compared to other tests. This study was carried out to obtain and compare test scores for different types of foot placements during sit to stand transition in stroke subjects. METHOD: A Cross-sectional study with purposive sampling included 28 post stroke subjects who were able to walk 6 meter with or without assistance. Timed Up and Go test was carried out with four different types of foot placements and scores were recorded. The data were compared using Kruskal-Wallis One way analysis of variance and Wilcoxon signed ranks test. RESULT: There were comparable differences between asymmetric 1 test strategy which involved affected extremity to be placed behind the unaffected and other test strategies ( Z = –4.457,–3.848,–4.458; p = 0.000). CONCLUSION: The initial foot placements during sit to stand transition influenced the time taken to complete the test which was significantly higher in asymmetric 1 strategy, Incorporation of the initial foot placement mainly asymmetric 1 strategy into conventional TUG test would help in identifying accurately the subject’s functional mobility and postural stability.
Brain activity during a lower limb functional task in a real and virtual environment: A comparative study
Authors: Pacheco Thaiana Barbosa Ferreira , Oliveira Rego Isabelle Ananda , Campos Tania Fernandes , Cavalcanti Fabrícia Azevedo da Costa 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND: Virtual Reality (VR) has been contributing to Neurological Rehabilitation because of its interactive and multisensory nature, providing the potential of brain reorganization. Given the use of mobile EEG devices, there is the possibility of investigating how the virtual therapeutic environment can influence brain activity. OBJECTIVE: To compare theta, alpha, beta and gamma power in healthy young adults during a lower limb motor task in a virtual and real environment. METHODS: Ten healthy adults were submitted to an EEG assessment while performing a one-minute task consisted of going up and down a step in a virtual environment – Nintendo Wii virtual game “Basic step” – and in a real environment. RESULTS: Real environment caused an increase in theta and alpha power, with small to large size effects mainly in the frontal region. VR caused a greater increase in beta and gamma power, however, with small or negligible effects on a variety of regions regarding beta frequency, and medium to very large effects on the frontal and the occipital regions considering gamma frequency. CONCLUSIONS: Theta, alpha, beta and gamma activity during the execution of a motor task differs according to the environment that the individual is exposed – real or virtual – and may have varying size effects if brain area activation and frequency spectrum in each environment are taken into consideration.
Validation of the Standardized Touchscreen Assessment of Cognition with neurotypical adults
Authors: Wallace Sarah E. , Donoso Brown Elena V. , Fairman Andrea D. , Beardshall Koren , Olexsovich Anna , Taylor Alicia , Schreiber James B. 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND: Portable electronic devices are increasingly being used for clinical assessment of individuals with cognitive deficits. Prior to implementation of tablet-based assessments, comparison with other standard measures is needed. OBJECTIVE: The study purpose was to compare an iPad administered cognitive assessment known as the Standardized Touchscreen Assessment of Cognition (STAC) to the Cognitive Linguistic Quick Test (CLQT) and the Cognitive Assessment of Minnesota (CAM). METHODS: Eighty-eight neurotypical participants completed the STAC, CAM, and CLQT in a randomized order. The researchers compared the participants’ responses across similar subtests. Performance across iPad comfort levels was also explored. RESULTS: Findings revealed moderate correlations in some areas of assessment: generative naming and immediate visual memory. The correlations varied across age groups within each area of assessment with no consistent pattern. Additionally, people with comfort using an iPad performed significantly better on three areas of STAC assessment (generative naming category and first letter, and auditory working memory) compared to people who reported no iPad comfort. CONCLUSIONS: Initial testing of the STAC in a neurotypical population identified moderate correlations with standard measures in some subtests; however, additional testing of the STAC is needed to determine the clinical utility and validity of assessing populations with cognitive impairments.
Immune biomarkers for the diagnosis of mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Petrone Ashley B. , Gionis Valerie , Giersch Richard , Barr Taura L. 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND: In 2010, there were approximately 2.2 million emergency room visits associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI), with 80 percent diagnosed as mild TBI or concussion. In addition, there are a large number of TBIs, especially mild TBIs, which go either unreported by patients or initially undiagnosed by clinicians. Our team has previously identified a panel of immune-related genes that can diagnose ischemic stroke at triage, and due to shared pathophysiological mechanisms of TBI and stroke, we hypothesized that this panel of genes may also be utilized for the diagnosis of TBI. OBJECTIVES: The primary aims of this pilot study were to: (1) characterize changes in a panel of immune-related genes in TBI; (2) identify immune-related biomarkers that may be used to diagnose TBI and (3) describe the peripheral immune response following TBI. METHODS: Blood was drawn from TBI patients no later than 24 h of injury onset and matched control subjects. Real-time PCR was used to measure gene expression, and a white blood cell differential was performed to obtain neutrophil and lymphocyte percentages. RESULTS: Relative mRNA expression of ARG1, LY96, MMP9, s100a12 was significantly increased and CCR7 was significantly decreased in peripheral blood of TBI patients within 24 hours of injury compared to control subjects. We also observed a different pattern of leukocyte dynamics following TBI between mild and severe TBI. CONCLUSIONS: We have described a panel of immune-related genes that can accurately predict/diagnose TBI with higher sensitivity and specificity of other biomarkers to date.
Cytogeography of the subalpine marsh marigold polyploid complex (Caltha leptosepalas.l., Ranunculaceae)
Authors: Wefferling Keir M. , Castro Sílvia , Loureiro João , Castro Mariana , Tavares Daniela , Hoot Sara B. 
Published: February 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Unrecognized variation in ploidy level can lead to an underestimation of species richness and a misleading delineation of geographic range.Caltha leptosepala(Ranunculaceae) comprises a complex of hexaploids (6x), rare nonaploids (9x), and dodecaploids (12x), all with unknown distributions. We delineate the geographic distribution and contact zones of the cytotypes, investigate morphologies of cytotypes and subspecies, and discuss the biogeography and evolutionary history of the polyploid complex.METHODS:Using cytologically determined specimens as reference, propidium iodide flow cytometry was performed on silica‐dried samples and herbarium specimens from across the range ofC. leptosepalas.l. Genome size estimates from flow cytometry were used to infer cytotypes. A key morphological character, leaf length‐to‐width ratio, was measured to evaluate whether these dimensions are informative for taxon and/or cytotype delimitation.KEY RESULTS:Dodecaploids were more northerly in distribution than hexaploids, and a single midlatitude population in the Northern Rockies yielded nonaploids. Genome size estimates were significantly different between all cytotypes and between hexaploid subspecies. Leaf length‐to‐width ratios were significantly different between subspecies and some cytotypes.CONCLUSIONS:Caltha leptosepalapresents clear patterns of cytotype distribution at the large scale. Marked differences in morphology, range, and genome size were detected between the hexaploid subspecies,C. leptosepalasubsp.howelliiin the Cascade‐Sierra axis andC. leptosepalasubsp.leptosepalain the Rockies. Sympatry between cytotypes in the Cascades and a parapatric distribution in the Northern Rockies suggest unique origins and separate lineages in the respective contact zones.
Analysis Of Adhesion And Self-Care In Patients Submitted To Lung Transplant In Outpatient Clinic Follow-Up
Authors: De Souza Pena Susana Beatriz , Mendes de Paula Pessoa Vera Lúcia , Braga Ribeiro Silvania , Macêdo Monteiro Ana Ruth 
Published: February 2017

Introduction: The lung transplant is the only option of survival of the patient affected by a deadly lung disease. The outpatient clinic follow-up requires the patient discipline and responsibility in the face of complex care suggested by the multidisciplinary team.
Objectives: Meet aspects related to adhesion to treatment and self-care of patients submitted to the lung transplant, accompanied, in outpatients, in a referral hospital in Fortaleza-Ceará-Brazil.
Methods: Exploratory research with qualitative approach, in a referral hospital in cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases in Fortaleza-Ceará, in the period September 2015 to January 2016. 10 patients transplanted lung were interviewed, after approval by the ethics committee of this institution. The Organization and analysis of the data was backed up on phenomenological and theoretical saturation used to meet the significant units.
Results: It was noticed the strong bond established by patients and professionals of the team that accompanies them. That bond is characterized by a relationship of trust between patient and professional, stimulating attendance and adhesion of the transplanted in outpatient visits. Outpatient consultations in lung transplant marked commitment, the accuracy of both periodical transplanted as part of some professional multidisciplinary team. On the other hand, it was observed the lack of autonomy of some categories.
Conclusion: The treatment is complex and requires a commitment of both transplanted and the professionals who make up the lung transplant team. There was the patient's commitment in to adhere to consultations and interest in following the guidance of care. Is necessary joint participation and integral of all categories, in order to promote multiple interventions and educational practices in the singular therapeutic plan of transplanted.
Dense Gas in the Outer Spiral Arm of M51
Authors: Chen Hao , Braine Jonathan , Gao Yu , Koda Jin , Gu Qiusheng 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
There is a linear relation between the mass of dense gas traced by the HCN(1–0) luminosity and the star formation rate (SFR) traced by the far-infrared luminosity. Recent observations of galactic disks have shown some systematic variations. In order to explore the SFR–dense gas link at high resolution (∼4″, ∼150 pc) in the outer disk of an external galaxy, we have mapped a region about 5 kpc from the center along the northern spiral arm of M51 in the HCN(1–0), HCO+(1–0), and HNC(1–0) emission lines using the Northern Extended Millimeter Array interferometer. The HCN and HCO+ lines were detected in six giant molecular associations (GMAs), while HNC emission was only detected in the two brightest GMAs. One of the GMAs hosts a powerful H ii region, and HCN is stronger than HCO+ there. Comparing observations of GMAs in the disks of M31 and M33 at similar angular resolution (∼100 pc), we find that GMAs in the outer disk of M51 are brighter in both the HCN and the HCO+ lines by a factor of 3, on average. However, the

and

ratios are similar to the ratios in nearby galactic disks and the Galactic plane. Using the Herschel 70 μm data to trace the total IR luminosity at the resolution of the GMAs, we find that both the

–

and

–

relations in the outer disk GMAs are consistent with the proportionality between the

and the dense gas mass established globally in galaxies within the scatter. The IR/HCN and IR/HCO+ ratios of the GMAs vary by a factor of 3, probably depending on whether massive stars are forming.
Simultaneous Chiral Symmetry Restoration and Deconfinement Consequences for the QCD Phase Diagram
Authors: Klähn Thomas , Fischer Tobias , Hempel Matthias 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
For studies of quark matter in astrophysical scenarios, the thermodynamic bag model is commonly employed. Although successful, it does not account for dynamical chiral symmetry breaking and repulsions due to the vector interaction which is crucial to explain recent observations of massive, two solar mass neutron stars. In Klähn & Fischer we developed the novel vBag quark matter model which takes these effects into account. This article extends vBag to finite temperatures and isospin asymmetry. Another particular feature of vBag is the determination of the deconfinement bag constant

from a given hadronic equation of state in order to ensure that chiral and deconfinement transitions coincide. We discuss consequences of this novel approach for the phase transition construction, the phase diagram, and implications for protoneutron stars.
Predicted Extension of the Sagittarius Stream to the Milky Way Virial Radius
Authors: Dierickx Marion I. P. , Loeb Abraham 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The extensive span of the Sagittarius (Sgr) stream makes it a promising tool for studying the gravitational potential of the Milky Way (MW). Characterizing its stellar kinematics can constrain halo properties and provide a benchmark for the paradigm of galaxy formation from cold dark matter. Accurate models of the disruption dynamics of the Sgr progenitor are necessary to employ this tool. Using a combination of analytic modeling and N-body simulations, we build a new model of the Sgr orbit and resulting stellar stream. In contrast to previous models, we simulate the full infall trajectory of the Sgr progenitor from the time it first crossed the MW virial radius 8 Gyr ago. An exploration of the parameter space of initial phase-space conditions yields tight constraints on the angular momentum of the Sgr progenitor. Our best-fit model is the first to accurately reproduce existing data on the 3D positions and radial velocities of the debris detected 100 kpc away in the MW halo. In addition to replicating the mapped stream, the simulation also predicts the existence of several arms of the Sgr stream extending to hundreds of kiloparsecs. The two most distant stars known in the MW halo coincide with the predicted structure. Additional stars in the newly predicted arms can be found with future data from the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope. Detecting a statistical sample of stars in the most distant Sgr arms would provide an opportunity to constrain the MW potential out to unprecedented Galactocentric radii.
The Physics of Protoplanetesimal Dust Agglomerates. VIII. Microgravity Collisions between Porous SiO2 Aggregates and Loosely Bound Agglomerates
Authors: Whizin Akbar D. , Blum Jürgen , Colwell Joshua E. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We performed laboratory experiments colliding 0.8–1.0 mm and 1.0–1.6 mm SiO2 dust aggregates with loosely bound centimeter-sized agglomerates of those aggregates in microgravity. This work builds on previous microgravity laboratory experiments examining the collisional properties of porous loosely bound dust aggregates. In centimeter-sized aggregates, surface forces dominate self-gravity and may play a large role in aggregate growth beyond this size range. We characterize the properties of protoplanetary aggregate analogs to help place constraints on initial formation mechanisms and environments. We determined several important physical characteristics of these aggregates in a large number of low-velocity collisions. We observed low coefficients of restitution and fragmentation thresholds near 1 m s−1 for 1–2 cm agglomerates, which are in good agreement with previous findings in the literature. We find the accretion efficiency for agglomerates of loosely bound aggregates to be higher than that for just aggregates themselves. We find sticking thresholds of 6.6 ± 2 cm s−1, somewhat higher than those in similar studies, which have observed few aggregates stick at speeds of under 3 cm s−1. Even with highly dissipative collisions, loosely bound agglomerates have difficulty accreting beyond centimeter-sized bodies at typical collision speeds in the disk. Our results indicate agglomerates of porous aggregates have slightly higher sticking thresholds than previously thought, allowing possible growth to decimeter-sized bodies if velocities are low enough.
Subaru/SCExAO First-light Direct Imaging of a Young Debris Disk around HD 36546
Authors: Currie Thayne , Guyon Olivier , Tamura Motohide , Kudo Tomoyuki , Jovanovic Nemanja , Lozi Julien , Schlieder Joshua E. , Brandt Timothy D. , Kuhn Jonas , Serabyn Eugene , Janson Markus , Carson Joseph , Groff Tyler , Kasdin N. Jeremy , McElwain Michael W. , Singh Garima , Uyama Taichi , Kuzuhara Masayuki , Akiyama Eiji , Grady Carol , Hayashi Saeko , Knapp Gillian , Kwon Jung-mi , Oh Daehyeon , Wisniewski John , Sitko Michael , Yang Yi 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We present H-band scattered light imaging of a bright debris disk around the A0 star HD 36546 obtained from the Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme Adaptive Optics (SCExAO) system with data recorded by the HiCIAO camera using the vector vortex coronagraph. SCExAO traces the disk from r ∼ 0.″3 to r ∼ 1″ (34–114 au). The disk is oriented in a near east–west direction (PA ∼ 75°), is inclined by i ∼ 70°–75°, and is strongly forward-scattering (g > 0.5). It is an extended disk rather than a sharp ring; a second, diffuse dust population extends from the disk’s eastern side. While HD 36546 intrinsic properties are consistent with a wide age range (t ∼ 1–250 Myr), its kinematics and analysis of coeval stars suggest a young age (3–10 Myr) and a possible connection to Taurus-Auriga’s star formation history. SCExAO’s planet-to-star contrast ratios are comparable to the first-light Gemini Planet Imager contrasts; for an age of 10 Myr, we rule out planets with masses comparable to HR 8799 b beyond a projected separation of 23 au. A massive icy planetesimal disk or an unseen super-Jovian planet at r > 20 au may explain the disk’s visibility. The HD 36546 debris disk may be the youngest debris disk yet imaged, is the first newly identified object from the now-operational SCExAO extreme AO system, is ideally suited for spectroscopic follow-up with SCExAO/CHARIS in 2017, and may be a key probe of icy planet formation and planet–disk interactions.
The Effects of Ram-pressure Stripping and Supernova Winds on the Tidal Stirring of Disky Dwarfs: Enhanced Transformation into Dwarf Spheroidals
Authors: Kazantzidis Stelios , Mayer Lucio , Callegari Simone , Dotti Massimo , Moustakas Leonidas A. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
A conclusive model for the formation of dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies still remains elusive. Owing to their proximity to the massive spirals Milky Way (MW) and M31, various environmental processes have been invoked to explain their origin. In this context, the tidal stirring model postulates that interactions with MW-sized hosts can transform rotationally supported dwarfs, resembling present-day dwarf irregular (dIrr) galaxies, into systems with the kinematic and structural properties of dSphs. Using N-body+SPH simulations, we investigate the dependence of this transformation mechanism on the gas fraction, f
gas, in the disk of the progenitor dwarf. Our numerical experiments incorporate for the first time the combined effects of radiative cooling, ram-pressure stripping, star formation, supernova (SN) winds, and a cosmic UV background. For a given orbit inside the primary galaxy, rotationally supported dwarfs with gas fractions akin to those of observed dIrrs (f
gas ≳ 0.5), demonstrate a substantially enhanced likelihood and efficiency of transformation into dSphs relative to their collisionless (f
gas = 0) counterparts. We argue that the combination of ram-pressure stripping and SN winds causes the gas-rich dwarfs to respond more impulsively to tides, augmenting their transformation. When f
gas ≳ 0.5, disky dwarfs on previously unfavorable low-eccentricity or large-pericenter orbits are still able to transform. On the widest orbits, the transformation is incomplete; the dwarfs retain significant rotational support, a relatively flat shape, and some gas, naturally resembling transition-type systems. We conclude that tidal stirring constitutes a prevalent evolutionary mechanism for shaping the structure of dwarf galaxies within the currently favored CDM cosmological paradigm.