bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stroke volume in conscious dogs; effect of respiration, posture, and vascular occlusion
Authors: Hoffman Julien I. E. , Guz Abraham , Charlier Andre A. , Wilcken D. E. L. 
Published: December 2017

Right and left ventricular stroke volumes were measured beat by beat in tranquil, conscious, healthy dogs by electromagnetic flowmeter transducers implanted around the roots of the aorta and main pulmonary artery. The onset and time courses of stroke volume changes of each ventricle differed in response to respiration, passive change of posture, application and release of positive pressure, and occlusion of the inferior cava; the two ventricles were always out of phase and balance, and only appeared to be in phase when changes of heart rate dominated the picture. The immediate response to these events was probably determined by alterations in systemic venous return which changed end-diastolic fiber length and so altered stroke volume by the Frank-Starling mechanism. Changes of vagal tone might have played a small part by altering atrial contractility but sympathetic activity did not seem to be involved. The initial backflow in the pulmonary artery was taken as an index of the level of pulmonary vascular impedance and increased only when the transpulmonary pressure increased. ventricular stroke volume; electromagnetic flowmeter; Frank-Starling mechanism; autonomic tone; backflow pulmonary vascular impedance Submitted on December 3, 1964
Pulmonary diffusing capacity in man during immersion in water
Authors: Guyatt A. R. , Newman Faith , Cinkotai F. F. , Palmer J. I. , Thomson M. L. 
Published: December 2017

During immersion in water to the neck, seven seated resting normal subjects showed, without exception in 14 trials, an increase in diffusing capacity of the lung (DlCO) which averaged 16.2 ± 0.79 sd % of the control (unimmersed) values (P < 0.001). At an intermediate depth of immersion at which the calculated hydrostatic pressure (gauge) was approximately halved, the rise in DlCO was also halved. The hemodynamic readjustment to external pressure was completed within a few minutes, since no further change in DlCO occurred during continuous immersion to the neck for as long as 90 min. Immersion produced a rise in “permeability” of the lung (Kco) which was on the average 5.8% greater than that in DlCO. In three subjects the pulmonary capillary blood volume (Vc) rose on the average 47% at the deeper level of immersion, suggesting that, as in the pressure suit, the rise in DlCO was due to pulmonary vascular engorgement. pulmonary vascular engorgement Submitted on July 6, 1964
Circulatory and respiratory effects of whole-body vibration in anesthetized dogs
Authors: Hood William B. , Higgins Lawrence S. 
Published: December 2017

Effects of whole body x-axis sinusoidal vibration were studied in 27 anesthetized dogs. At a vibratory frequency of 10 cycles/sec and at levels of peak acceleration greater than 0.3 g, increases in the accelerative force of vibration were accompanied by increases in mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, oxygen consumption, central blood volume, and minute volume of ventilation. Peripheral vascular resistance decreased under the same conditions. At 6 cycles/sec similar results were obtained, the only significant differences being in blood pressure and heart rate response. In three animals curare partially blocked the increase in oxygen consumption during vibration. Reserpine had no effect in two other animals. These studies suggest that the circulatory responses observed during whole-body vibration are due to muscular exercise. vibration physiology; acceleration physiology; biomechanics; vibration and exercise; curare and vibration response; reserpine and vibration response Submitted on February 1, 1965
Relation between changes of rib cage circumference and lung volume
Authors: Agostoni Emilio , Mognoni Piero , Torri Giorgio , Saracino Franco 
Published: December 2017

The static relation between lung volume and rib cage circumference has been determined over the vital capacity range in standing, sitting, and supine position. The average change of circumference over the expiratory reserve volume in the three positions was, respectively, 20.7, 30.5, and 26.5% of the total change. The patterns of the volume-circumference curves have been discussed in terms of the different mechanical features of the rib cage and of the abdomen-diaphragm according to the lung volume and the position. The volume displacement of the rib cage, DeltaVrc, and of the abdomen-diaphragm, DeltaV(ab + di), at different lung volumes, have been calculated by a geometrical approach. These results agreed with determinations of DeltaV(ab + di) over the tidal volume range obtained by immobilizing the rib cage at resting volume. Over the expiratory reserve volume, DeltaVrc, in the three positions, was, respectively, 18.9, 27.8, and 40.7% of the lung volume change; over the vital capacity, DeltaVrc was, respectively, 39.6, 37.1, and 41.1. effect of position and lung volume on the rib cage circumference; volume displacement of the rib cage and of the abdomen-diaphragm Submitted on September 14, 1964
Pulmonary compliance and nonelastic resistance during treadmill exercise
Authors: Chiang S. T. , Steigbigel Neal H. , Lyons Harold A. 
Published: December 2017

Trans-pulmonary pressure, respiratory flow, and tidal volume of seven normal subjects were measured at rest and during treadmill exercise on the level at a speed of 1.5 mph. Pulmonary compliance remained unchanged during exercise. Nonelastic resistance showed an insignificant increase (0.9—1.4 cm H2O per liter per sec). Examination of other parameters which may affect compliance were made. Functional residual capacity decreased 120—200 ml during exercise, tidal volume doubled, and respiratory frequency increased 43.5%, yet none of these factors affected the lung compliance. The phenomenon of “second wind” was experienced by four of the subjects, and nothing was observed to explain its occurrence during exercise. exercise second wind; change in functional residual capacity during exercise; effect of functional residual capacity on compliance; effect of tidal volume on compliance during exercise; effect of respiratory frequency on compliance Submitted on January 15, 1965
Gustatory perception of sour, sweet, and salt mixtures using parotid gland flow rate
Authors: Feller Ralph P. , Sharon Irving M. , Chauncey Howard H. , Shannon Ira L. 
Published: December 2017

The reflex secretion of parotid saliva was utilized to evaluate the stimulatory action of various taste mixtures on human gustatory chemoreceptors. Test solutions consisted of citric acid, sucrose, and sodium citrate. Rates of secretion were determined by measuring the volume produced by a standardized application procedure. The response elicited by the different solutions was determined. The effect of one modality upon another was then studied by combining two solutions at each of four concentrations. Results showed that the addition of citric acid or sodium citrate to sucrose produced a response equal to the sum of the separate constituents. The flow rate obtained from mixtures of citric acid and sodium citrate was less than the sum of the individual components. This apparently was due to the buffering effect causing a decreased hydrogen ion concentration. Although the hydrogen ion concentration decreased to sub-threshold levels, the salivary gland secretion rate was still responsive to variations in hydrogen ion concentration, indicating a synergistic effect when hydrogen and sodium ions were present in the same solution. gustation; taste; gustatory-salivary reflex; parotid gland secretion Submitted on October 1, 1964
Effect of continuous pressure breathing on right ventricular volumes
Authors: Wong Maylene , Escobar Edgardo E. , Martinez Gilberto , Butler John , Rapaport Elliot 
Published: December 2017

We measured the end-diastolic volume (EDV) and stroke volume (SV) in the right ventricle of anesthetized dogs during continuous pressure breathing and compared them to measurements taken during breathing at atmospheric pressure. During intratracheal positive-pressure breathing, EDV, and SV decreased and end-diastolic pressure became more positive relative to atmospheric pressure. During intratracheal negative-pressure breathing, EDV enlarged and SV tended to increase; end-diastolic pressure became more negative. During extrathoracic negative-pressure breathing SV decreased, EDV fell, though not significantly, and end-diastolic pressure rose, but insignificantly. Changes in EDV observed during intratracheal positive-pressure breathing and intratracheal negative-pressure breathing were associated with minor shifts in transmural pressure (end-diastolic pressure minus intrapleural pressure) in the expected directions, but during extrathoracic negative-pressure breathing a large increase in transmural pressure took place with the nonsignificant reduction in EDV. We believe that intrathoracic pressure influences right ventricular filling by changing the peripheral-to-central venous pressure gradient. The cause of the alteration in diastolic ventricular distensibility demonstrated during extra-thoracic negative-pressure breathing remains unexplained. positive-pressure breathing; negative-pressure breathing; extrathoracic negative-pressure breathing Submitted on August 16, 1966
Production of gas bubbles in fluids by tribonucleation
Authors: Ikels Kenneth G. 
Published: December 2017

This report describes a mechanism, called tribonucleation, for producing gas nuclei by making and breaking contact between solid bodies which are immersed in liquid. A metal ball was rolled inside a glass tube filled with liquid which contains dissolved gas. Formed nuclei may grow to visible bubbles depending on the dissolved gas concentration and pressure applied to the liquid. Unlike other possible mechanisms for forming bubbles, tribonucleation is capable of producing nuclei under relatively mild experimental conditions, such as may be encountered in vivo. The experiments show that viscosity and velocity of separation of surfaces are important determinants of whether or not nuclei will form. bubble formation; decompression sickness Submitted on August 20, 1969
Glucose oxidation during prolonged exercise evaluated with naturally labeled [13C]glucose
Authors: Pirnay F. , Lacroix M. , Mosora F. , Luyckx A. , Lefebvre P. 
Published: December 2017

By use of naturally enriched [13C]glucose as metabolic tracer, the utilization of exogenous glucose ingested during muscular exercise was investigated. Four subjects walked on an uphill treadmill for 2 h, and three other for 4 h. The energy expenditure, close to 50% of the individual maximum Vo2,, varied from 1.9 to 2.1 liters of O2/min, while the heart rate ranged between 142 and 165 beats/mm. The subjects who were on a mixed diet and had fasted overnight, were given 100 g of naturally labeled [13C]glucose. Following this intake? the expired CO2 became rapidly enriched in carbon-13. The increase was observed as early as 15 min after the oral intake, and reached a maximum within 1–2 h, when utilization of exogenous glucose varied between 500 and 650 mg/min, representing as much as 55% of the carbohydrate metabolism and 24% of the total energy expenditure. glucose metabolism; man; mass spectrometry; stable isotopes
Thermoregulatory responses during competitive marathon running
Authors: Maron M. B. , Wagner J. A. , Horvath S. M. 
Published: December 2017

Page 909: M. B. Maron, J. A. Wagner, and S. M. Horvath. “Thermoregulatory responses during competitive marathon running.” In three places TR (black globe, radiant temperature) should be substituted for Tre. Page 910: at the bottom of the left-hand column, substitute ... R was calculated from the Stefan-Boltzmann equation (See PDF) And in the fourth and fifth lines from the top of the right-hand column, substitute... and Tdb was used as an approximation of TR.... Page 911: in the seventeenth line from the top of the right-hand column, substitute.... The use of Tdb as an approximation of TR should not influence the results greatly....
Nonlinear increases in diffusing capacity during exercise by seated and supine subjects
Authors: Stokes D. L. , MacIntyre N. R. , Nadel J. R. 
Published: December 2017

Page 858: D. L. Stokes, N. R. MacIntyre, and J. R. Nadel. “Nonlinear increases in diffusing capacity during exercise by seated and supine subjects.” Page 859: equation should read (See PDF)
Regional “Call 911” Emergency Department Protocol to Reduce Interfacility Transfer Delay for Patients With ST‐Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Bosson Nichole , Baruch Terrence , French William J. , Fang Andrea , Kaji Amy H. , Gausche‐Hill Marianne , Rock Alisa , Shavelle David , Thomas Joseph L. , Niemann James T. 
Published: December 2017

Background

We evaluated the first‐medical‐contact‐to‐balloon (
FMC
2B) time after implementation of a “Call 911” protocol for ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) interfacility transfers in a regional system.

Methods and Results

This is a retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients with STEMI requiring interfacility transfer from a
STEMI
referring hospital, to one of 35 percutaneous coronary intervention‐capable
STEMI
receiving centers (
SRCs
). The Call 911 protocol allows the referring physician to activate 911 to transport a patient with
STEMI
to the nearest
SRC
for primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Patients with interfacility transfers were identified over a 4‐year period (2011–2014) from a registry to which
SRCs
report treatment and outcomes for all patients with STEMI transported via 911. The primary outcomes were median
FMC
2B time and the proportion of patients achieving the 120‐minute goal.
FMC
2B for primary 911 transports were calculated to serve as a system reference. There were 2471 patients with STEMI transferred to
SRC
s by 911 transport during the study period, of whom 1942 (79%) had emergent coronary angiography and 1410 (73%) received percutaneous coronary intervention. The median age was 61 years (interquartile range [
IQR
] 52–71) and 73% were men. The median
FMC
2B time was 111 minutes (
IQR
88–153) with 56% of patients meeting the 120‐minute goal. The median
STEMI
referring hospital door‐in‐door‐out time was 53 minutes (
IQR
37–89), emergency medical services transport time was 9 minutes (
IQR
7–12), and
SRC
door‐to‐balloon time was 44 minutes (
IQR
32–60). For primary 911 patients (N=4827), the median
FMC
2B time was 81 minutes (
IQR
67–97).

Conclusions

Using a Call 911 protocol in this regional cardiac care system, patients with STEMI requiring interfacility transfers had a median
FMC
2B time of 111 minutes, with 56% meeting the 120‐minute goal.
Maternal and neonatal health in Malawi: An integrative literature review
Authors: Marks Claire , Dietsch Elaine , Sidebotham Mary 
Published: December 2017

Background/Aims: A conservative estimate suggests women giving birth in Malawi are 14 times more likely to die giving birth than women in western nations. Despite attempts to address maternal and neonatal health, Malawi will not meet World Health Organization Millennium Development Goals 3, 4 and 5 for improving gender equity, reducing child mortality and improving maternal health by 2015. This integrative literature review looks through a social lens to view Malawi's progress towards meeting Millennium Development Goals 3, 4 and 5. Methods: A search was conducted using CINAHL, Google Scholar, Medline and Health Source online databases. Initial keywords included but were not limited to: gender bias; gender inequality; midwifery care; maternity; traditional birth attendants; skilled birth attendants; and social determinants. All searches included keywords with Boolean operator ‘and’ Malawi. Search filters were limited to publications dated from 2010 to 2015 and in English only. Additionally, reference lists from articles selected were reviewed, which led to further relevant sources. Although 48 articles were accessed, only 13 were considered to have high relevance, credibility and currency and were therefore included. Findings: Poverty underpins all social determinants of health and is the primary barrier to Malawi achieving the Millennium Development Goals. Poverty limits girls' access to education, which increases their risk of being exposed to infectious diseases. A lack of education is also associated with limited use of primary maternity care with a skilled birth attendant. Conclusions: Primary maternity care needs to be affordable and acceptable to Malawian women and provided close to their families and communities. The primary responsibility for this rests with Malawi's government, which should be encouraged to adopt supportive, enabling policies. To assist in this, western governments need to be socially responsible in deployment of their foreign aid and strategies to attract and retain skilled workers.
Tobacco habit-associated oral disease and the negative effects on surgical outcomes
Authors: Al–Mahozi Sara , Salim Zainab , Malden Nicholas J , Scully Crispian , Lopes Victor 
Published: December 2017

Abstract: The negative impact on general health of the population of the UK due to the widespread use of tobacco is well documented. In relation to the practice of oral surgery (OS) a tobacco habit can influence the delivery of care in a number of ways. This paper aims to document the oral disease processes and the negative outcomes of oral surgery procedures where a tobacco habit is considered a contributing factor. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The presence of a tobacco habit cannot only have a negative impact on various aspects of oral health but will also influence the consenting process when considering invasive procedures.
The immune system: basis of so much health and disease: 8. antigens and MHC
Authors: Scully Crispian , Georgakopoulou Eleni A , Hassona Yazan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract: The immune system is the body's primary defence mechanism against infections, and disturbances in the system can cause disease if the system fails in defence functions (in immunocompromised people), or if the activity is detrimental to the host (as in auto-immune and auto-inflammatory states). A healthy immune system is also essential to normal health of dental and oral tissues. This series presents the basics for the understanding of the immune system; this article covers antigens and the major histocompatibility complex. Clinical Relevance: Modern dental clinicians need a basic understanding of the immune system as it underlies health and disease.
Contemporary strategies and materials to protect the dental pulp
Authors: Bonsor Stephen J 
Published: December 2017

Abstract: After cavity preparation, the aim of the restorative dentist is to protect the dental pulp. In the past this was done using cements, but without any understanding of the role of micro-organisms. In contemporary practice, lining materials and dentine-bonding agents are placed with the intention of sealing the dentinal tubules, so preventing microleakage. In cases where potential exposure of the pulp has occurred, bioactive and biocompatible materials may be selected with the intention of facilitating pulpal healing. This paper reviews the historical thinking and compares this with the materials used commonly these days as a result of this greater understanding. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The clinician should aim to preserve the health of the dental pulp by using a material to create an environment to facilitate healing and provide protection against the ingress of oral micro-organisms.
Should ABPI be measured in patients with healed venous leg ulcers every three months?
Authors: Pankhurst S. 
Published: December 2017

Objective: To assess if three-monthly reassessment of ABPI is necessary and to determine the possibility of identifying which patients may benefit from more frequent reassessment. Method: The sample comprised 88 consecutive patients with 175 limbs attending community leg ulcer clinics for reassessment after leg ulcer healing had been achieved with compression therapy. Outcome measures were: a fall in ABPI to below 0.8, months between reassessments and arterial disease history. Results: ABPI fell from above 0.8 to below 0.8 in seven limbs in six patients over time periods of between six and 24 months. Of these seven limbs, six had an ABPI between 0.8 and 1.0 at the initial assessment, indicating they had some arterial impairment. ABPI fell below 0.7 (0.58) in only one patient, and this was detected at a six-month reassessment. None of the patients with no or just one arterial symptom experienced an reduction in ABPI to below 0.8. Those whose ABPIs fell below this level had two or more arterial symptoms. Conclusion: Three-monthly reassessment of healed limbs is not recommended as most patients who initially have an ABPI above 1.0 are unlikely to change during this time. However, patients with two or more arterial risk factors, diabetes and an initial ABPI of below 1.0 are likely to need closer monitoring. More in-depth research is needed to examine this problem. Declaration of interest: None.
The challenges of luxury fashion flagship hotels: The case of Maison Moschino
Authors: Dallabona Alice 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
In the last few years, many luxury fashion labels have ventured into the hospitality industry. Italian houses have been particularly active in capitalizing on their brand value by employing brand extension to create branded hotels where customers can experience a lifestyle that reflects the spirit of the label. After a phase of rapid expansion, however, this phenomenon appears to have slowed down. Taking the case of Maison Moschino, the first foray of fashion brand Moschino into the hospitality industry, this article explores the rationale for such brand extensions. In light of the failure of that venture, the opportunities and the risks involved in brand extension are examined.
High altitude ungulate communities in southwest China
Authors: Buzzard Paul J. , Li Xueyou , Bleisch William V. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
In southwest China, three major rivers, the Yangtze, Mekong and Salween, flow down from the Tibetan plateau, creating a complex topography with a diverse, little-known ungulate community. We used camera traps and multi-species occupancy modeling to determine presence/absence, habitat use and estimate species richness/occupancy. At Langdu, east of the Yangtze, we had 23 camera sites in four habitats from 4000 to 4815 m asl; at Gehuaqing in the south of Baimaxueshan Nature Reserve (BNR) between Mekong and Yangtze we had 14 sites in two habitats from 3050 to 3600 m asl. At Langdu, we photographed tufted deer Elaphodus cephalophus (Milne-Edwards 1872) most often followed by serow Capricornis milneedwardsii (David 1869) and alpine musk deer Moschus chrysogaster (Hodgson 1839). At Gehuaqing, we photographed serow most often followed by tufted deer and forest musk deer Moschus berezovskii (Flerov 1929). Tufted deer were in the most habitats, and alpine musk deer were at an elevation higher than previously reported (4815 m). The only large carnivore recorded was Asian black bear Ursus thibetanus (Cuvier 1823) leopard cats Prionailurus bengalensis (Kerr 1792) were at 4579 m asl, higher than previously documented. Langdu had higher species richness than Gehuaqing, and tufted deer had the highest occupancy at both sites. We discuss differences with another site in the north of BNR.