bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Higher-Order Colon Translation
Authors: Danvy Olivier , Nielsen Lasse R. 
Published: February 2016

<p>A lambda-encoding such as the CPS transformation gives rise to administrative redexes. In his seminal article "Call-by-name, call-by-value and the lambda-calculus", 25 years ago, Plotkin tackled administrative reductions using a so-called colon translation. In "Representing control,<br />a study of the CPS transformation", 15 years later, Danvy and Filinski integrated administrative reductions in the CPS transformation, making it operate in one pass. This one-pass transformation is higher-order, and can be used for other lambda-encodings, but we do not see its associated proof technique used in practice - instead, Plotkin's colon translation appears to be favored. Therefore, in an attempt to link the higher-order transformation and Plotkin's proof technique, we recast Plotkin's proof of Indifference and Simulation in a higher-order setting. To this end, we extend the colon translation from first order to higher order.</p><p>Keywords: Call by name, call by value, lambda-calculus, continuation-passing style<br />(CPS), CPS transformation, administrative reductions, colon translation, one-<br />pass CPS transformation, Indifference, Simulation.</p><p> </p>
From HUPPAAL to UPPAAL - A Translation from Hierarchical Timed Automata to Flat Timed Automata
Authors: David Alexandre , Möller M. Oliver 
Published: February 2016

<p>We present a hierarchical version of timed automata, equipped with data types,<br />hand-shake synchronization, and local variables. We describe the formal semantics of this hierarchical timed automata (HTA) formalism in terms of a transition system. We report on the implementation of a flattening algorithm, that translates our formalism to a network of Uppaal timed automata. We establish a correspondence between symbolic states of an HTA and its translations, and thus are able to make use of Uppaal’s simulator and model checking engine.<br />This technique is exemplified with a cardiac pacemaker model. Here, the overhead<br />introduced by the translation is tolerable. We give run-time data for deadlock checking, timed reachability, and timed response analysis.</p>
Effective Bounds on Strong Unicity in L1-Approximation
Authors: Kohlenbach Ulrich , Oliva Paulo B. 
Published: February 2016

<p>In this paper we present another case study in the general project of Proof Mining which means the logical analysis of prima facie non-effective proofs with the aim of extracting new computationally relevant data. We use techniques based on monotone functional interpretation (developed in [17]) to analyze Cheney's simplification [6] of Jackson's original proof [9] from 1921 of the uniqueness of the best L1-approximation of continuous functions f in C[0, 1] by polynomials p in Pn of degree <= n. Cheney's proof is non-effective in the sense that it is based on classical logic and on the non-computational principle WKL (binary K¨onig lemma). The result of our analysis provides the first effective (in all parameters f, n and epsilon) uniform modulus of uniqueness (a concept which<br />generalizes `strong uniqueness' studied extensively in approximation theory). Moreover, the extracted modulus has the optimal epsilon-dependence as follows from Kroo [20]. The paper also describes how the uniform modulus of uniqueness can be used to compute the best L1-approximations of a fixed f in C[0, 1] with arbitrary precision, and includes some remarks on the case of best Chebychev approximation.</p>
Journalistik om et bebudet historisk øjeblik. Danske avisers blik på præsident Obamas indsættelse.
Authors: Jørndrup Hanne 
Published: February 2016

<p>Journalism about an Announced Historical Moment - Danish Newspapers’ Coverage of the Inauguration of President Obama</p><p><br />“We are just now witnessing an historical moment”; so exclaim the media from time to time. A statement which contains the expectation that we pause for a while and pay extra attention to the event, from which the historical moment arises. But what are these moments that claim the interest of their contemporaries as ‘historical’, how does journalism deal with these functions, and what may be the use of the invocation of history? The inauguration of President Obama as the 44th President of the United States in January 2009 was if anything heralded as an historical moment. When the journalistic practice surrounding this media event is analysed, it becomes clear that the invocation of the presence of history serves to underpin and legitimize the position of journalism as well as the tradition and authority of the social order, in which the historical moment is claimed to be played out.</p>
Parallelle verdener. Magisk og rituel praksis blandt moderne hekse i Danmark.
Authors: Steno Anne Mia 
Published: February 2016

<p>Parallel Worlds - Magical Practice Among Modern Witches in Denmark</p><p><br />The purpose of the present article is to make a contribution to an understanding of what it means to be a witch in Denmark today. The article thus reviews the extent of the magical circle in Denmark and highlights special characteristics of the modern witch. The magical practice of the witches is elucidated and analysed through a ritual case, since the very magical practice appears to be characteristic of the witches and defines them in contrast to other similar new religious groups and communities.</p><p><br />The article advocates an analytical approach to magic; rather than studying magic as a symbol of something else, for instance as a way of handling uncertainty in difficult times, magical practice should be seen as an emic concept, and the way in which the witches exist in and understand this world. In this context, the understanding of the existence of two parallel universes is important: the profane and the magic universe, since it is the movements of the witches across the two that make magic possible and explain it. In continuation of this the questions are asked: What do the witches use the magic for, and how is magical practice meaningful in a wider social context? The article argues that the motivations and the subtle shades of the magical practice are overlooked if the analysis does not include the above questions and approach, and it underlines the importance of physicality in the magical practice.</p>
Fortælling om musik som generations-, tids- og aldersmarkør
Authors: Rørdam Larsen Charlotte 
Published: February 2016

<p class="Normaltypografi">Artiklen beskæftiger sig med fire aldrende mænds oplevelser og beskrivelser af hvad musik har betydet for dem i deres ungdom, og hvad den betyder idag. Umiddelbart tilhører de alle en generation, som musikalsk har haft rockmusikken som identitetsmarkør. Imidlertid forvalter de tilhørsforholdet til generationen forskelligt. Musiklytning er essentiel for dem alle, og indgår som et helt centralt element i af den enkeltes identitetsmæssige kontinuitet. Skønt man på forhånd kunne forestille sig, at forholdet til musik i ungdommen var nostalgisk, og at denne blev brugt som adgangsbillet til øjebliksoplevelser af en svunden tid, er der snarere tale om, at musikken anvendes refleksivt, til at begribe sig selv i nutiden. Musik i ungdommen opleves ikke som en tidsboble, man kan tilgå – snarere er den en forudsætning for at skabe en kontinuitet i fortællingen en selvfortælling. </p>
Magnetic resonance of terahertz metamaterials in parallel plate waveguides
Authors: Razanoelina Manjakavahoaka , Serita Kazunori , Matsuda Eiki , Kawayama Iwao , Murakami Hironaru , Tonouchi Masayoshi 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
As new designs of metamaterials rapidly emerge, methods of characterizing their fundamental electromagnetic properties become increasingly important. Here, we utilize the parallel plate waveguide associated with terahertz time-domain spectroscopy experiments to analyze the coupling of terahertz radiation to ultrathin electric split-ring resonators located halfway between the waveguide plates. Our observations determine that the magnetic response dominates across the frequency range of the system. The experimental results are confirmed by simulations, emphasizing the usefulness of the proposed approach for further investigations of magnetic coupling in metamaterials in the terahertz regime.
Ultrasound estimates of muscle quality in older adults: reliability and comparison of Photoshop and ImageJ for the grayscale analysis of muscle echogenicity
Authors: Harris-Love Michael O. , Seamon Bryant A. , Teixeira Carla , Ismail Catheeja 
Published: February 2016

Background.Quantitative diagnostic ultrasound imaging has been proposed as a method of estimating muscle quality using measures of echogenicity. The Rectangular Marquee Tool (RMT) and the Free Hand Tool (FHT) are two types of editing features used in Photoshop and ImageJ for determining a region of interest (ROI) within an ultrasound image. The primary objective of this study is to determine the intrarater and interrater reliability of Photoshop and ImageJ for the estimate of muscle tissue echogenicity in older adults via grayscale histogram analysis. The secondary objective is to compare the mean grayscale values obtained using both the RMT and FHT methods across both image analysis platforms.Methods.This cross-sectional observational study features 18 community-dwelling men (age = 61.5 ± 2.32 years). Longitudinal views of the rectus femoris were captured using B-mode ultrasound. The ROI for each scan was selected by 2 examiners using the RMT and FHT methods from each software program. Their reliability is assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and the standard error of the measurement (SEM). Measurement agreement for these values is depicted using Bland-Altman plots. A pairedt-test is used to determine mean differences in echogenicity expressed as grayscale values using the RMT and FHT methods to select the post-image acquisition ROI. The degree of association among ROI selection methods and image analysis platforms is analyzed using the coefficient of determination (R2).Results.The raters demonstrated excellent intrarater and interrater reliability using the RMT and FHT methods across both platforms (lower bound 95% CI ICC = .97–.99,p< .001). Mean differences between the echogenicity estimates obtained with the RMT and FHT methods was .87 grayscale levels (95% CI [.54–1.21],p< .0001) using data obtained with both programs. The SEM for Photoshop was .97 and 1.05 grayscale levels when using the RMT and FHT ROI selection methods, respectively. Comparatively, the SEM values were .72 and .81 grayscale levels, respectively, when using the RMT and FHT ROI selection methods in ImageJ. Uniform coefficients of determination (R2= .96–.99,p< .001) indicate strong positive associations among the grayscale histogram analysis measurement conditions independent of the ROI selection methods and imaging platform.Conclusion.Our method for evaluating muscle echogenicity demonstrated a high degree of intrarater and interrater reliability using both the RMT and FHT methods across 2 common image analysis platforms. The minimal measurement error exhibited by the examiners demonstrates that the ROI selection methods used with Photoshop and ImageJ are suitable for the post-acquisition image analysis of tissue echogenicity in older adults.
Nucleation of mesospheric cloud particles: Sensitivities and limits
Authors: Wilms Henrike , Rapp Markus , Kirsch Annekatrin 
Published: February 2016

AbstractNucleation of mesospheric ice particles is thought to occur via heterogeneous nucleation on meteor smoke particles. However, several factors determining the nucleation rate are poorly known. To study the effect of uncertainties in the nucleation rate on cloud properties, we use the Community Aerosol and Radiation Model for Atmospheres and systematically vary the nucleation rate over ±10 orders of magnitude. In one set of simulations, the background state of the atmosphere is described by climatological conditions. In a second set, gravity wave‐perturbed profiles from the Kühlungsborn Mechanistic general Circulation Model (KMCM) are used with typical temperature (vertical wind) perturbations at the mesopause on the order of 9 K (0.45 m/s). The resulting noctilucent cloud (NLC) characteristics are compared to lidar and satellite measurements. Realistic NLCs compared to the lidar measurements can only be modeled if the nucleation rate is reduced by up to 3 orders of magnitude compared to standard assumptions. For the same cases, the simulated NLCs compare best to the satellite measurements if the nucleation rate is reduced by 2 orders of magnitude or more. Dynamical processes at the mesopause strongly influence the NLC development. In a gravity wave‐perturbed atmosphere, the ice particles have only limited time for nucleation and growth. The growth time is limited by the vertical wind, because the vertical wind determines the residence time of the ice particles in the supersaturated region. Since the vertical wind amplitudes reach 1.5 m/s in KMCM (compared to a mean upwelling of ∼4 cm/s in the climatology), the ice particles remain significantly smaller in a gravity wave‐perturbed atmosphere than in climatological background conditions.
A New Extensional Mixing Element for Improved Dispersive Mixing in Twin‐Screw Extrusion, Part 2: Experimental Validation for Immiscible Polymer Blends
Authors: Carson Sidney O. , Maia João M. , Covas José A. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTIn Part 1 of this work, we presented a novel static extensional mixing element (EME) for twin‐screw extrusion operations and validated the design in terms of the type of flow experienced by the melt upon dispersive mixing. In Part 2, we experimentally demonstrate the ability of the EME to yield improved dispersive mixing when compared with standard kneading‐block‐induced mixing for immiscible polypropylene/polystyrene blends of varying viscosity ratios between 0.3 and 10. The extensional flow characteristics of the EME improved the dispersion of polystyrene in the blends over all viscosity ratios, with improvements of 30% and above as measured by the cumulative area ratio measurements of polystyrene phases smaller than 1 μm. The improvement in dispersive mixing seen from the EME for high viscosity ratio blends opens up applications in other areas, such as dispersion of nanoparticles or in reactive extrusion operations.
Polyurethane/Soya Protein Isolate Green Composites: Spectral, Microstructural, Thermal, Swelling, and Biodegradation Behaviors
Authors: Madhukar B. S. , Bhadre Gowda D. G. , Hemalatha K. , Somashekar R. , Siddaramaiah   
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTA series of polyurethane (PU) green composites were synthesized with varying amounts, viz. 0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 wt% of soya protein isolate (SPI). Formation of the urethane linkage in the prepared green composites is revealed by infrared spectroscopy. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the fabricated PU/SPI composites has been evaluated by differential scanning calorimeter. Thermal stability and degradation analysis of the PU/SPI composites have been performed using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). TGA thermograms clearly revealed that the fabricated composites were thermally stable upto 181°C and show a three‐step of thermal degradation. The water uptake behaviors of PU/SPI systems have been studied at different chemical environments such as distilled water, salt solution, acidic and alkaline solutions. The microcrystalline parameters such as crystallite size (〈N〉) and surface weighted crystal size (Ds) have been evaluated from wide‐angle X‐ray scattering profiles using two different asymmetric distribution functions. PU/SPI green composites were subjected to biodegradation in the presence ofAspergillus niger. The structure–property response of the PU/SPI green composites has been established on the basis of these parameters.
Evaluation of adverse health risks associated with antineoplastic drug exposure in nurses at two Chinese hospitals: The effects of implementing a pharmacy intravenous admixture service
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxia , Zheng Qiaowei , Lv Yun , An Mengna , Zhang Yating , Wei Youxia , Feng Weiyi 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveTo determine the health risks of antineoplastic drugs (ADs) occupational exposure in nurses and to evaluate the effects of implementing a pharmacy intravenous admixture service (PIVAS) in two Chinese hospitals.MethodsThe laboratory findings were collected from annual staff physical examination data. Reproductive toxicity and clinical manifestations were self‐reported via a questionnaire.ResultsHematotoxicity, organ damage, reproductive toxicity, and clinical manifestations associated with AD exposure were markedly higher in oncology nurses than unexposed nurses. Application of PIVAS led to a significant restoration of the blood cell counts and kidney function, and a reduction in adverse reproductive outcomes among oncology nurses. Pronounced symptoms related to AD exposure were alleviated as well.ConclusionOncology nurses who work with AD's experienced more adverse health outcomes than unexposed nurses. The health risks to AD were significantly alleviated by implementing a pharmacy intravenous admixture service. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:264–273, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The comparison of high‐resolution computed tomography findings in asbestosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Akira Masanori , Morinaga Kenji 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundTo determine whether the HRCT findings are useful to differentiate asbestosis from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).MethodsWe assessed HRCT scans from patients with asbestosis (n = 96) and IPF (n = 65). The frequencies and extent of parenchymal abnormalities and the frequencies of pleural changes were evaluated by consensus of two chest radiologists.ResultsThere was a significant difference between IPF and asbestosis in pleural changes. In addition, there were significant differences between IPF and asbestosis in several parenchymal abnormalities on CT, especially in the less advanced stage of both diseases. On multivariate analysis, HRCT features that distinguished asbestosis from IPF were subpleural lines at a distance of less than 5 mm from the inner chest wall, subpleural dots and parenchymal bands.ConclusionsThere are significant differences between IPF and asbestosis in the parenchymal and pleural abnormalities on CT. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:301–306, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Latino immigrant day laborer perceptions of occupational safety and health information preferences
Authors: Díaz Fuentes Claudia M. , Martinez Pantoja Leonardo , Tarver Meshawn , Geschwind Sandy A. , Lara Marielena 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundWe address immigrant day laborers' experiences with occupational safety in the construction industry in New Orleans, and opinions about content and method of communication for educational interventions to reduce occupational risks.MethodsIn 2011, we conducted seven focus groups with 48 Spanish‐speaking day laborers (8 women, 40 men, 35 years on average). Focus group results are based on thematic analysis.ResultsMost employers did not provide safety equipment, threatened to dismiss workers who asked for it, and did not provide health insurance. Attitudes toward accepting unsafe work conditions varied. Women faced lower pay and hiring difficulties than men. Day laborers preferred audio format over written, and content about consequences from and equipment for different jobs/exposures.ConclusionsDay laborers have common occupational experiences, but differences existed by gender, literacy and sense of control over safety. Day laborer information preferences and use of media needs further studying. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:476–485, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
One‐pot synthesis of biodegradable and linear poly(ester amide)s based on renewable resources
Authors: Wang Runguo , Ren Tiange , Bai Yunxiang , Wang Yuzhu , Chen Jianfeng , Zhang Liqun , Zhao Xiuying 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTPoly(ester amide) has attracted much attention because they demonstrate satisfactory mechanical performance, yet are biodegradable. Owing to the increasing depletion of fossil resources, we chose 1,4‐butanediol, 1,10‐decanediamine (DD), 1,10‐sebacic acid, and itaconic acid (IA), which can be produced in large scale by fermentation of renewable resources, to synthesize a series of biobased poly(ester amide)s (BPEAs) by condensation polymerization. We used multiple monomers to suppress crystallization. The pyrrolidone rings formed between DD and IA increases the molecular spacing and the chain irregularity of BPEAs. The properties of BPEAs were tunable by adjusting the monomer ratio. The effect of DD content on the molecular weight, thermal stability, mechanical properties, and in vitro degradation of BPEAs was investigated. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43446.
Molecularly imprinted polymer microspheres derived from pickering emulsions polymerization in determination of di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate in bottled water samples
Authors: Fan Ting , Yang Wenming , Wang Ningwei , Ni Xiaoni , Wen Jia , Xu Wanzhen 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThe mono‐dispersed macroporous Molecularly Imprinted microspheres (MIPMs) selective for Diethylhexyl Phthalate (DEHP) were synthesized by Pickering emulsion polymerization. Silica nanoparticles were stabilizers in forming a stable oil‐in‐water emulsion, while the polymeric system was prepared by radical polymerization using methacrylic acid as functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as cross‐linker. The results of scanning electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption desorption measurement indicated that the obtained polymer microspheres had regularly porous structure and narrowly diameter distribution (100 nm), besides the specific surface area (SBET) was 452 m2 g−1, pore volume was 9.685 cm3 g−1, and pore diameter was 5.089 nm. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of MIPs was 1.75 mg g−1 at 298 K. Good selectivity for DEHP in another two kinds of analogies (DBP and DAP) was demonstrated with high selectivity coefficients, respectively 17.753 and 19.450. In the end, DEHP‐MIP was used as packing of solid‐phase extraction to form an sensitive analytical method in extraction and enrichment DEHP in bottled water samples with the limits of detection of 1.7–2.5 μg L−1.The recoveries at three spiking level (0.05, 0.1, and 1 mg L−1) were varied between at 97.5 and 103.1% with RSD values below 3.5. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43484.
Cell evolution and compressive properties of styrene–butadiene–styrene toughened and calcium carbonate reinforced polystyrene extrusion foams with supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Jing Xin , Peng Xiang‐Fang , Mi Hao‐Yang , Wang Yuan‐Sheng , Zhang Shuidong , Chen Bin‐Yi , Zhou Hua‐Min , Mou Wen‐Jie 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTPolystyrene (PS) foams have been used in various fields, whereas its broader application is limited by its low mechanical strength and brittle features. In this study, styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanoparticles were melt‐blended with PS and extrusion‐foamed with supercritical carbon dioxide as a blowing agent to simultaneously toughen and reinforce PS foams. Under the same foaming conditions, the addition of SBS and CaCO3was shown to have a significant influence on the cell structure and the compressive properties of the composite foams. We found that the cell structure evolution was highly correlated with the system viscosity. When the rubbery‐phase SBS content was 20%, the cell diameter decreased by 20.7%, and the compressive modulus was enhanced by 289.5%. With the further addition of 5% rigid CaCO3nanoparticles, the cell diameter was further reduced by 72.2% and the compressive modulus was improved by 379.2%. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 43508.