bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terahertz electromagnetic fences on a graphene surface plasmon polariton platform
Authors: Wu Xidong , Guo Xiang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractControlling the loss of graphene can be used in the field of transformation optics. We propose a new concept of electromagnetic fence on a monolayer graphene surface plasmon polariton platform. Using a Dot-Density-Renderer quasicrystal metasurface, we can simulate the absorption of gradient index optics structures. Numerical simulations show that the incident waves to our designed electromagnetic fence are trapped toward the central lines and quickly absorbed by the high-loss region. Two basic types of electromagnetic fence and its composite structures have been designed and analyzed, which exhibit excellent broadband absorbing performances at 8 THz–12 THz. Because of its advantages in controlling the soft-boundary effects and easy manufacturing characteristics, the proposed electromagnetic fence seems very promising for THz–frequency-transformation plasmonics applications.
Magnetic anisotropy and high-frequency property of flexible FeCoTa films obliquely deposited on a wrinkled topography
Authors: Li Jincai , Zhan Qingfeng , Zhang Shuanglan , Wei Jinwu , Wang Jianbo , Pan Minjie , Xie Yali , Yang Huali , Zhou Zheng , Xie Shuhong , Wang Baomin , Li Run-Wei 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe investigated the magnetic anisotropy and the high-frequency property of flexible Fe60Co26Ta14 (FeCoTa) thin films obtained by oblique sputtering onto a wrinkled surface. The sinuously wrinkled topography is produced by growing Ta layer on a pre-strained polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane. Due to the enhanced effect of shadowing, the oblique deposition of FeCoTa layer gives rise to a shift of wrinkle peak towards the incident atomic flux. With increasing the PDMS pre-strain or increasing the oblique sputtering angle, both the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy and the ferromagnetic resonance frequency of FeCoTa films are enhanced, but the initial permeability decreases. The magnetization reversal mechanism of wrinkled FeCoTa films can be interpreted by a two-phase model composed of both coherent rotation and domain wall nucleation. With the enhancement of uniaxial magnetic anisotropy, the domain wall nucleation becomes pronounced in FeCoTa films.
A Pilot Study of 18F-Alfatide PET/CT Imaging for Detecting Lymph Node Metastases in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Zhou Yue , Gao Song , Huang Yong , Zheng Jinsong , Dong Yinjun , Zhang Baijiang , Zhao Shuqiang , Lu Hong , Liu Zhibo , Yu Jinming , Yuan Shuanghu 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAngiogenesis plays a key role in tumor development and αvβ3 integrin are overexpressed on the endothelial cell surface of newly forming vessels. 18F-Alfatide has favorable properties for αvβ3 integrin targeting and showed potential for imaging angiogenesis with Positron Emission Tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT). In this study, 13 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who underwent 18F-Alfatide PET/CT before surgery were enrolled. The uptake of all dissected lymph nodes (LNs) of 18F-Alfatide were assessed visually and analyzed with a maximum and mean standard uptake value (SUVmax, SUVmean) and SUV ratios. LN metastases were pathologically confirmed and 20 of 196 LNs were malignant. All malignant LNs were successfully visualized on 18F-Alfatide PET/CT in patients and the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy was 100.0%, 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. SUVmax, SUVmean and SUV ratios in malignant LNs were significantly higher than in benign LNs for NSCLC patients (P < 0.001). The same result was observed in patients with adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (P < 0.001). The 18F-Alfatide parameter shows high sensitivity (83.9–100%), specificity (78.6–96.7%) and accuracy (81.7–96.9%) according to thresholds calculated from receiver operating characteristic curve. Our results suggest that 18F-Alfatide PET/CT is valuable in the diagnosis of metastatic LNs for NSCLC patients.
Epigenetics in the Primary Biliary Cholangitis and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Authors: Cheung Angela , LaRusso Nicholas , Gores Gregory , Lazaridis Konstantinos 
Published: May 2017

AbstractEpigenomics, the study of modifications to genetic material that do not alter the underlying DNA sequence, is generating increasing interest as a means to help clarify disease pathogenesis and outcomes. Although genome-wide association studies have identified several potential candidate genes that may be implicated in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), it is estimated that these genes explain less than 20% of the heritability of these diseases. Thus, to date, the origins of “missing heritability” for PBC and PSC remain elusive. The epigenome may provide a potentially elegant solution to this phenomenon, as it can be modified by both internal and external exposures (coined the “exposome”). This may explain differences in disease presentation, treatment response, and rates of progression between individuals. Epigenetic changes may also provide a framework for discovering potential biomarkers for diagnosis and screening of PBC and PSC. Importantly, because the epigenome is modifiable, it may also highlight novel pathways for therapeutic discovery and interventions of these diseases.
Modulation of the Early Host Response to Electrospun Polylactic Acid Matrices by Mesenchymal Stem Cells from the Amniotic Fluid
Authors: Lesage Flore , Roman Sabiniano , Pranpanus Savitree , Ospitalieri Simona , Zia Silvia , Jimenez Julio , MacNeil Sheila , Toelen Jaan , Deprest Jan 
Published: May 2017

Purpose The reconstruction of congenital diaphragmatic hernia or other congenital soft tissue defects often requires implants. These can be either degradable or permanent, each having their advantages. Whatever type is being used, the host response induced by implants plays a crucial role to determine the outcome. Macrophages are pivotal during implant remodeling; they are plastic and acquire in response to environmental stimuli either an inflammatory status and mediate subsequent fibrosis or a regulatory status and facilitate functional remodeling. Matrices engineered with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the capacity to modulate the host immune reaction. MSCs are believed to promote constructive remodeling of the implant through a regulatory macrophage response among others. Herein, we evaluate this potential of MSC derived from the amniotic fluid (AF-MSC), an interesting MSC type for neonatal reconstruction, on electrospun polylactic acid (PLA) scaffolds.
Methods We seeded AF-MSC at a density of 1.105/cm2 on electrospun PLA matrices and determined cell viability. In vivo, we used cell-seeded or cell-free PLA matrices for subcutaneous implantation in immune competent rats. The host immune response was evaluated by histomorphometry at 14 days postoperatively.
Results The PLA matrix supported adherence and proliferation of AF-MSC. Fourteen days after implantation, PLA matrices were well penetrated by inflammatory cells, new blood vessels, and collagen fibers. AF-MSC–seeded scaffolds were associated with a similar response yet with a decreased number of eosinophils, increased matrix degradation and collagen fiber deposition compared with controls. The amount of total macrophages and of M2-subtype was similar for all animals.
Conclusion Electrospun PLA matrices are a suitable substrate for short-term culture of AF-MSC. In rats, addition of AF-MSC to PLA matrices modulates the host response after subcutaneous implantation, yet without a difference in macrophage profile compared with control.
Orbital Lymphangioma: Case Report and Management Paradigms
Authors: Roman Alex , Bianchini Larissa , Battistel Bárbara , Franzoi Neto Miguel , Schwingel Daniela 
Published: May 2017

Introduction Lymphangioma is a rare congenital vascular malformation of the head and neck region isolated from the systemic circulation. It has a benign etiology, and represents 1–3% of all orbital tumors. These hamartomas often present in the pediatric population with a slightly female predilection. They have a lymphocytic composition, and may increase in size with episodes of viral infection, causing proptosis.
Discussion The management of this lesion is controversial, hardly curative, and depends on the clinical presentation. The treatment options include partial surgical resection of the major cyst, needle aspiration, surgical debulking, systemic steroids, sildenafil, intralesional injection of the sclerosing agents, and local radiotherapy.
Case Report In the present report, we describe an uncommon case of lymphangioma in a 6-year-old female who was first submitted to neurosurgery for tumor resection and received sildenafil therapy later, with promising results.
Conclusion The treatment of orbital lymphangiomas remains a controversial topic, and the use of sildenafil along with needle aspiration and microsurgical removal is a viable option of treatment. However, many issues, such as the ideal duration of the therapy, the dosage regimen and the recurrence rate, still remain unclear. Our case report adds promising data on this pathology, even though larger trials are needed to properly elucidate the remaining questions.
Cemented versus Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty in Paget's Disease of Bone: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cashman James , Synnott Keith , O'Byrne John , Lyons Frank , Hurley Eoghan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to systematically review the clinical evidence for the use of cemented and cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) in Paget's disease of bone (PDB), and to ascertain whether any difference exists in clinical outcomes between the two implant types. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The quality of the studies was assessed using the methodological index for nonrandomized studies (MINORS) checklist. The reported clinical outcomes were evaluated using risk ratio (RR) with a p < 0.05 considered as statistically significant. Thirteen clinical studies with 444 primary THAs were included in this review. Cementless THA resulted in lower rates of aseptic loosening and lower rates of revision due to aseptic loosening (p < 0.05), but there was no overall statistically significant increase in the incidence of revision in the cemented THAs (p = 0.21). The postoperative Harris hip score was similar between both the groups. Also, the presence of heterotrophic ossification was similar in both the groups. Functional outcomes and survivorship were equivalent using either cementless or cemented components, with a similar rate of overall revisions. However, cementless components resulted in a decreased incidence of aseptic loosening and revision due to aseptic loosening. The current literature consists of a low level of evidence, level IV, which limits the conclusion of this study.
Early Survival of Two High-Porosity Acetabular Components after Total Hip Arthroplasty Revision
Authors: Elsharkawy Karim , Hadley Mike , Gad Bishoy , Styron Joseph , Higuera Carlos , Klika Alison 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTotal hip arthroplasty (THA) revision rates remain high and are expected to increase. Different ingrowth surfaces including tantalum and titanium have been introduced to improve fixation and survival. Promising results have been shown with tantalum. This study was conducted to compare the survivorship of titanium and tantalum components after revision THA. A retrospective review of all THA revision cases from January 2002 to December 2010 was performed. Cases, where the questioned components were used, were enlisted in a single continuous cohort. A minimum of 2-year follow-up was required for inclusion. Patients were compared in two groups: titanium versus tantalum components, with the endpoint defined as any failure requiring acetabular component removal. A total of 118 patients were analyzed and included 64 patients in the tantalum group and 56 patients in the titanium group. The average length of follow-up was 50.4 months for both groups. Cases, where tantalum implants were used, were more likely to have a worse acetabular bone loss (p = 0.005). The main cause of index revision was aseptic loosening followed by infection. At the latest follow-up, survivorship was very similar in appearance and failed to achieve statistical difference (log-rank p = 0.1146). Among the variables assessed as potential predictors of failure, only the number of prior revisions was statistically significant (p = 0.004). The high-porosity titanium acetabular components demonstrate same survivorship at 2-year follow-up as the tantalum cups in the setting of revision THA. Only the number of prior revisions was significantly associated with increased failure rate.
Neues zu zeckenübertragenen Infektionen
Authors: Borde Johannes , Dobler Gerhard , Rieg Siegbert 
Published: May 2017

Was ist neu?
Frühsommer-Meningoenzephalitis (FSME) In Europa nimmt die Ausbreitung von FSME in Richtung Westen zu. Erstmalig ist 2016 ein autochthoner humaner FSME-Fall in den Niederlanden dokumentiert worden. Die FSME-Erkrankungsfälle im Landkreis Reutlingen rücken die alimentäre FSME-Transmission in Deutschland wieder in das Bewusstsein.
Tularämie (Hasenpest) Francisella tularensis hat ein breites Wirtsspektrum, von Kleinsäugern bis hin zu Arthropoden, wie z. B. Schildzecken. Die Transmission durch Zeqcken wurde bisher wenig beachtet. Vor dem Hintergrund neuerer epidemiologischen Erkenntnisse sollte auch nach Zeckenstichen mit entsprechenden Symptomen eine Francisella tularensis Infektion in Erwägung gezogen werden.
Persistierende Beschwerden bei Borreliose (Borrelia-burgdorferi-sensu-lato-Komplex) Eine aktuelle Studie untersuchte den Effekt einer verlängerten antiinfektiven Behandlungsdauer auf persistierende Symptome, die mit einer Borrelieninfektion (Borrelia-burgdorferi-sensu-lato-Komplex) in Verbindung gebracht werden können. Die Therapie über 2 Wochen führte zu einer quantitativ gleichen und ebenso nachhaltigen Zunahme der Lebensqualität wie ein verlängertes Schema. Borrelia miyamotoi ist ein „Emerging Pathogen“ – erstmalig konnte nun auch in Deutschland ein humaner Infektionsfall nachgewiesen werden.
Histologische Vollremission nach neoadjuvanter Immuntherapie bei einem Patienten mit Lynch-Syndrom und primär inoperablem Rezidiv eines Rektumkarzinoms
Authors: Micheel Anita , Aigner Felix , Henke Oliver 
Published: May 2017

Zusammenfassung
Anamnese Bei dem 43-jährigen männlichen Patienten wurde ein Rektumkarzinom mit zugrundeliegendem Lynch-Syndrom im Stadium cT4N2M0 diagnostiziert. Nach leitliniengerechter neoadjuvanter Radiochemotherapie und Rektumexstirpation entwickelte sich innerhalb weniger Monate ein ausgedehntes lokoregionäres Rezidiv. Es erfolgte eine erneute Polychemotherapie nach dem FOLFOXIRI-Protokoll in Kombination mit Bevacizumab für sechs Zyklen, um erneute Resektabilität zu erreichen. Trotz dieser intensiven Therapie zeigte sich der Befund progredient.
Weiterer Verlauf Angesichts fehlender Fernmetastasierung wurde ein Off-label-Therapieversuch mit dem PD-1-Rezeptor Inhibitor Pembrolizumab begonnen. Klinisch profitierte der Patient rasch, auch die Bildgebung zeigte nach sechs Zyklen eine Regression des Tumors, die Nebenwirkungen der Therapie beschränkten sich auf eine subklinische Autoimmunthyreoiditis. Die histopathologische Aufarbeitung der anschließenden ausgedehnten operativen Beckenexenteration konnte keinen Malignitätsnachweis mehr erbringen. Mittlerweile ist der Patient wieder dienstfähig mit geringer Symptomenlast.
Folgerung Die Therapie mit Pembrolizumab eröffnet für Patienten mit einem DNA-repair-deficiency mismatch, wie z. B. dem Lynch-Syndrom, eine Therapiealternative, wie bereits eine Phase-II-Studie zeigen konnte. Bemerkenswert ist in dem vorliegenden Fall die komplette histopathologische Vollremission, die bislang in der Literatur nicht beschrieben wurde und ein besonderes Augenmerk auf die Verwendung des Antikörpers Pembrolizumab auf den neoadjuvanten Einsatz legt.
Neue Erkenntnisse zum primären Hyperparathyreoidismus
Authors: Siggelkow Heide 
Published: May 2017

Was ist neu?
Definition Die häufigste klinische Form des primären Hyperparathyreoidismus (pHPT) ist die asymptomatische Hyperkalzämie als Zufallsbefund. Der normokalzämische Hyperparathyreoidismus ist eine Variante des pHPT. Differenzialdiagnostisch müssen alle sekundären Formen ausgeschlossen werden. Der pHPT entsteht durch monoklonale oder polyklonale Expansion von abnormalen Nebenschilddrüsenzellen. Weiterhin wurden in den letzten Jahren somatische Mutationen der Gene für MEN1 (Menin), den kalziumsensitiven Rezeptor (CASR), das Parafibromin-Gen (HRPT2), die Rezeptor-Tyrosinkinase Ret (familiäre Formen) und PRAD1 / cyclin1 (sporadische Tumoren) identifiziert.
Diagnostik Bei allen Patienten mit Hyperkalzämie ist eine weitere Abklärung erforderlich. Patienten mit asymptomatischem pHPT bedürfen einer zusätzlichen Evaluation zur Festlegung des weiteren Prozedere. Die präoperative Lokalisation des oder der Nebenschilddrüsenadenome ist keine diagnostische Maßnahme und sollte nur bei geplantem operativen Therapievorgehen durchgeführt werden. Sie dient dem Chirurgen dazu, das optimale operative Vorgehen individuell festzulegen. Bezüglich einer Rezidivoperation haben sich neue Lokalisationsmethoden mit Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie (PET) wie 11C-Methionin-PET bzw. 18F-FCH-PET als Verfahren zunehmend bewährt.
Therapie Die Morbidität und Mortalität bei pHPT ist signifikant erhöht. Als Ursache der erhöhten Mortalität werden vor allem die Einschränkung der Nierenfunktion und die kardiovaskuläre Beteiligung gesehen. Eine Operation wird an spezialisierten Zentren mit intraoperativer PTH-Messung mit minimal-invasiven Techniken nach entsprechender präoperativer Lokalisation durchgeführt. Endoskopische Operationen haben sich bisher nur im Einzelfall bewährt. Im Rahmen der konservativen Therapie soll das 25-OH-Vitamin-D3 in den Normbereich angehoben werden.
Prophylactic Bracing Has No Effect on Lower Extremity Alignment or Functional Performance
Authors: Hueber Garrett , Hall Emily , Sage Brad , Docherty Carrie 
Published: May 2017

AbstractProphylactic ankle bracing is commonly used during physical activity. Understanding how bracing affects body mechanics is critically important when discussing both injury prevention and sport performance. The purpose is to determine if ankle bracing affects lower extremity mechanics during the Landing Error Scoring System test (LESS) and Sage Sway Index (SSI). Thirty physically active participants volunteered for this study. Participants completed the LESS and SSI in both a braced and unsupported conditions. Total errors were recorded for the LESS. Total errors and time (seconds) were recorded for the SSI. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was utilized to evaluate any differences between the brace conditions for each dependent variable. A priori alpha level was set at p<0.05. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test yielded no significant difference between the braced and unsupported conditions for the LESS (Z=−0.35, p=0.72), SSI time (Z=−0.36, p=0.72), or SSI Errors (Z=−0.37, p=0.71). Ankle braces had no effect on subjective clinical assessments of lower extremity alignment or postural stability. Utilization of a prophylactic support at the ankle did not substantially alter the proximal components of the lower kinetic chain.
Qualitätsprüfungen in Krankenhäusern durch den MDK Hessen: Erfahrungen und Ausblick - ein Praxisbericht
Authors: Ritter Sebastian , Lehr Frauke , Gaertner Thomas , van Essen Jörg 
Published: May 2017

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Mit dem Krankenhausstrukturgesetz wurde der § 275a SGB V dem Sozialgesetzbuch eingefügt. Er präzisiert und erweitert die rechtlichen Voraussetzungen für Qualitätskontrollen in Krankenhäusern durch den Medizinischen Dienst der Krankenversicherung (MDK). Diese sollen dazu beitragen, eine qualitativ hochwertige, patienten- und bedarfsgerechte Versorgung der Bevölkerung sicher zu stellen. Anhand der mittlerweile 10-jährigen Praxis des MDK Hessen soll die Praktikabilität der Qualitätsprüfungen aufgezeigt werden.
Methode Die bislang in den Krankenhäusern durchgeführten Qualitätsprüfungen betreffen die Überprüfung der Strukturqualität auf der Basis von Bestimmungen des G-BA zur Qualitätssicherung spezieller Versorgungskomplexe/Verfahren bzw. des DIMDI zu Komplexbehandlungen. Sämtliche Qualitätsprüfungen in den hessischen Kliniken werden von einem darauf spezialisierten Team des MDK durchgeführt. 2 fachärztliche Prüfer führen diese in Form von Begehungen vor Ort durch. Neben Verantwortlichen der Fachebene sind auch Mitglieder der Führungsebene aus dem Krankenhausmanagement bei den Qualitätsprüfungen vor Ort beteiligt.
Ergebnisse In den Jahren 2006–2016 wurden 357 Qualitätsprüfungen gemäß den Bestimmungen des G-BA zu 10 verschiedenen Versorgungskomplexen/Verfahren durchgeführt. In rund 20% der Fälle wurden die vorgeschriebenen Anforderungen nicht erfüllt. Im selben Zeitraum wurden 1624 Qualitätsprüfungen gemäß den Vorgaben des DIMDI zu 33 verschiedenen Komplexkodes durchgeführt. In rund 40% der Fälle wurden die vorgeschriebenen Anforderungen nicht erfüllt.
Schlussfolgerung Die bei den Prüfungen erhobenen Defizite belegen die Notwendigkeit von Qualitätskontrollen durch eine unabhängige und qualifizierte Instanz. Die Qualitätsprüfungen tragen zur Qualitätssicherung und damit zur Struktur-, Prozess- und Ergebnisqualität in den Krankenhäusern bei. Die in Hessen etablierte Prüfpraxis ist auf die zukünftig bundesweit durchzuführenden Qualitätskontrollen übertragbar.
Evidence for self-organization in determining spatial patterns of stream nutrients, despite primacy of the geomorphic template
Authors: Dong Xiaoli , Ruhí Albert , Grimm Nancy B. 
Published: May 2017

Significance
Rivers and streams are open, heterogeneous ecosystems. Stream water chemistry is influenced by organisms and the physical environment, resulting in longitudinal (upstream-downstream) heterogeneity that can be analyzed with time-series methods. Applying statistical techniques to longitudinal nutrient concentration data in a desert stream, we found evidence of substantial internal regulation of surface-water nutrient patterns, realized via spatial feedbacks. The strength of these feedbacks increased over succession. Although inputs from subsurface zones (a feature associated with the physical template) remained a major factor in explaining nutrient patterns, by late succession, the effect size of internal feedbacks was equal to the effect size of major upwelling zones. Our study demonstrates that multiple processes interact in a dynamic way to create ecosystem spatial heterogeneity.
Photoactivation mechanism of a carotenoid-based photoreceptor
Authors: Bandara Sepalika , Ren Zhong , Lu Lu , Zeng Xiaoli , Shin Heewhan , Zhao Kai-Hong , Yang Xiaojing 
Published: May 2017

Significance
Cyanobacteria contribute to a significant portion of global solar energy acquisition via natural photosynthesis. The photosynthetic apparatus must be protected from potential molecular damages due to excess light. This work explores the photoactivation mechanism of a carotenoid-based photoreceptor involved in light harvesting regulation in cyanobacteria. Direct observations of light-induced structural changes captured in the crystal lattice at the atomic resolution suggest a light perception mechanism distinct from other well-known photoreceptors. Our findings provide structural insights into the initial molecular events as this newly characterized photoreceptor detects the light environment and triggers structural responses that reduce energy transfer from the light-harvesting antennae to the photosystems.