bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In-situ terahertz optical Hall effect measurements of ambient effects on free charge carrier properties of epitaxial graphene
Authors: Knight Sean , Hofmann Tino , Bouhafs Chamseddine , Armakavicius Nerijus , Kühne Philipp , Stanishev Vallery , Ivanov Ivan G. , Yakimova Rositsa , Wimer Shawn , Schubert Mathias , Darakchieva Vanya 
Published: July 2017

AbstractUnraveling the doping-related charge carrier scattering mechanisms in two-dimensional materials such as graphene is vital for limiting parasitic electrical conductivity losses in future electronic applications. While electric field doping is well understood, assessment of mobility and density as a function of chemical doping remained a challenge thus far. In this work, we investigate the effects of cyclically exposing epitaxial graphene to controlled inert gases and ambient humidity conditions, while measuring the Lorentz force-induced birefringence in graphene at Terahertz frequencies in magnetic fields. This technique, previously identified as the optical analogue of the electrical Hall effect, permits here measurement of charge carrier type, density, and mobility in epitaxial graphene on silicon-face silicon carbide. We observe a distinct, nearly linear relationship between mobility and electron charge density, similar to field-effect induced changes measured in electrical Hall bar devices previously. The observed doping process is completely reversible and independent of the type of inert gas exposure.
Spatial patterns of wet season precipitation vertical gradients on the Tibetan Plateau and the surroundings
Authors: Cuo Lan , Zhang Yongxin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe Tibetan Plateau and the surrounding (TPS) with its vast land mass and high elevation affects regional climate and weather. The TPS is also the headwater of 9 major Asian rivers that provide fresh water for 1.65 billion people and many ecosystems, with wet season (May–September) precipitation being the critical component of the fresh water. Using station observations, ERA-Interim and MERRA2 reanalysis, we find that wet season precipitation displays vertical gradients (i.e., changes with elevation) that vary within the region on the TPS. The decrease of precipitation with elevation occurs in the interior TPS with elevation larger than 4000 m, little or no change over the southeastern TPS, and increase elsewhere. The increase of precipitation with elevation is caused by increasing convective available potential energy (CAPE) and decreasing lifting condensation level (LCL) with elevation overwhelming the effects of decreasing total column water vapor (TCWV) with elevation. The decreasing precipitation with elevation is due to the combined effects of increasing LCL and decreasing TCWV. LCL and CAPE play a more important role than TCWV in determining the spatial patterns. These findings are important for hydrology study in observation scarce mountainous areas, water resources and ecosystem managements in the region.
Reading-induced shifts of perceptual speech representations in auditory cortex
Authors: Bonte Milene , Correia Joao M. , Keetels Mirjam , Vroomen Jean , Formisano Elia 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLearning to read requires the formation of efficient neural associations between written and spoken language. Whether these associations influence the auditory cortical representation of speech remains unknown. Here we address this question by combining multivariate functional MRI analysis and a newly-developed ‘text-based recalibration’ paradigm. In this paradigm, the pairing of visual text and ambiguous speech sounds shifts (i.e. recalibrates) the perceptual interpretation of the ambiguous sounds in subsequent auditory-only trials. We show that it is possible to retrieve the text-induced perceptual interpretation from fMRI activity patterns in the posterior superior temporal cortex. Furthermore, this auditory cortical region showed significant functional connectivity with the inferior parietal lobe (IPL) during the pairing of text with ambiguous speech. Our findings indicate that reading-related audiovisual mappings can adjust the auditory cortical representation of speech in typically reading adults. Additionally, they suggest the involvement of the IPL in audiovisual and/or higher-order perceptual processes leading to this adjustment. When applied in typical and dyslexic readers of different ages, our text-based recalibration paradigm may reveal relevant aspects of perceptual learning and plasticity during successful and failing reading development.
Distinct Properties of Long-Term Potentiation in the Dentate Gyrus along the Dorsoventral Axis: Influence of Age and Inhibition
Authors: Schreurs An , Sabanov Victor , Balschun Detlef 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe hippocampus is important for spatial navigation, episodic memory and affective behaviour. Increasing evidence suggests that these multiple functions are accomplished by different segments along the dorsal-ventral (septal-temporal) axis. Long-term potentiation (LTP), the best-investigated cellular correlate of learning and memory, has distinct properties along this axis in the CA1 region, but so far, little is known about longitudinal differences in dentate gyrus (DG). Therefore, here we examined potential dorsoventral differences in DG-LTP usingin vitromulti-electrode array recordings. In young mice, we found higher basal synaptic transmission in the dorsal DG, while the LTP magnitude markedly increased towards the ventral pole. Strikingly, these differences were greatly reduced in slices from middle-aged mice. Short-term plasticity, evaluated by paired-pulse ratios, was similar across groups. Recordings in the presence and absence of GABAA-receptor blocker picrotoxin suggested a higher inhibitory tone in the ventral DG of young mice, confirmed by an increased frequency of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents. Our findings support the view that the hippocampus contains discrete functional domains along its dorsoventral axis and demonstrate that these are subject to age-dependent changes. Since these characteristics are presumably conserved in the human hippocampus, our findings have important clinical implications for hippocampus- and age-related disorders.
Electronic bandstructure and van der Waals coupling of ReSe2 revealed by high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
Authors: Hart Lewis S. , Webb James L. , Dale Sara , Bending Simon J. , Mucha-Kruczynski Marcin , Wolverson Daniel , Chen Chaoyu , Avila José , Asensio Maria C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractReSe2 and ReS2 are unusual compounds amongst the layered transition metal dichalcogenides as a result of their low symmetry, with a characteristic in-plane anisotropy due to in-plane rhenium ‘chains’. They preserve inversion symmetry independent of the number of layers and, in contrast to more well-known transition metal dichalcogenides, bulk and few-monolayer Re-TMD compounds have been proposed to behave as electronically and vibrational decoupled layers. Here, we probe for the first time the electronic band structure of bulk ReSe2 by direct nanoscale angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We find a highly anisotropic in- and out-of-plane electronic structure, with the valence band maxima located away from any particular high-symmetry direction. The effective mass doubles its value perpendicular to the Re chains and the interlayer van der Waals coupling generates significant electronic dispersion normal to the layers. Our density functional theory calculations, including spin-orbit effects, are in excellent agreement with these experimental findings.
Monitoring changes of docosahexaenoic acid-containing lipids during the recovery process of traumatic brain injury in rat using mass spectrometry imaging
Authors: Guo Shuai , Zhou Dan , Zhang Mo , Li Tiejun , Liu Yujie , Xu Yupin , Chen Tianjing , Li Zhili 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBrain lipid homoeostasis is critical during recovery process after traumatic brain injury (TBI). In this study, we integrated liquid extraction and electrosonic spray ionization technology to develop an ionization device coupled with a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer for imaging of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-containing lipids on rat brain tissues. The ion images of the brain tissue sections from the normal rats and the rats after TBI at acute phase (0 and 1 day) and chronic phase (3, 5, and 7 days) were obtained. The imaging results indicate that the levels of DHA and lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine (22:6) in the injury area of TBI rats increased significantly at the acute phase and subsequently decreased at the chronic phase. But the levels of DHA-containing phospholipids including phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)(P-18:0/22:6), PE(18:0/22:6), and phosphatidylserine (18:0/22:6) decreased at the acute phase and gradually increased at the chronic phase in the injury area accompanied by the morphogenesis and wound healing. These findings indicate that the DHA may participate in the recovery process of brain injury. This is the first report to in situ detect the changes in the levels of DHA and DHA-containing lipids in the TBI model.
On the stochastic phase stability of Ti2AlC-Cr2AlC
Authors: Duong Thien C. , Talapatra Anjana , Son Woongrak , Radovic Miladin , Arróyave Raymundo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe quest towards expansion of the M
n+1AX
n
design space has been accelerated with the recent discovery of several solid solution and ordered phases involving at least two M
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n
end members. Going beyond the nominal M
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n
compounds enables not only fine tuning of existing properties but also entirely new functionality. This search, however, has been mostly done through painstaking experiments as knowledge of the phase stability of the relevant systems is rather scarce. In this work, we report the first attempt to evaluate the finite-temperature pseudo-binary phase diagram of the Ti2AlC-Cr2AlC via first-principles-guided Bayesian CALPHAD framework that accounts for uncertainties not only in ab initio calculations and thermodynamic models but also in synthesis conditions in reported experiments. The phase stability analyses are shown to have good agreement with previous experiments. The work points towards a promising way of investigating phase stability in other MAX Phase systems providing the knowledge necessary to elucidate possible synthesis routes for M
n+1AX
n
systems with unprecedented properties.
Characteristics of Sonography in a Rat Achilles Tendinopathy Model: Possible Non-invasive Predictors of Biomechanics
Authors: Lee Su-Ya , Chieh Hsiao-Feng , Lin Chien-Ju , Jou I-Ming , Sun Yung-Nien , Kuo Li-Chieh , Wu Po-Ting , Su Fong-Chin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the dynamic changes of histopathology, biomechanical properties, echo intensity, and ultrasound features in a collagenase-induced tendinopathy model of rat Achilles tendons, and to examine the associations among biomechanical properties, echo intensity, and ultrasound features. Forty-two rats received an ultrasound-guided collagenase injection on their left Achilles tendons, and needle puncture on the right ones as the control. At four, eight, and twelve weeks post-injury, the tendons were examined via measurements of their biomechanical properties, histopathological and ultrasonographic characteristics. The injured tendons showed significantly higher histopathological scores, lower Young’s modulus, and higher ultrasound feature scores than the those of control ones throughout the study period. Up to week 12, all injured tendons showed defective healing. The neovascularization score had a significant negative linear association with the failure stress and Young’s modulus. Maximum normalized echo intensity had a significant positive linear association with maximum strain. Therefore, neovascularization and maximum normalized echo intensity are associated with mechanically altered tendinopathic tendons. Non-invasive ultrasound methodology, including echo intensity and ultrasound feature scores, may provide useful information about biomechanical properties of tendinopathic tendons.
An E2F1/MiR-17-92 Negative Feedback Loop mediates proliferation of Mouse Palatal Mesenchymal Cells
Authors: Li Ling , Shi Bing , Chen Jin , Li Chunhua , Wang Shaoxin , Wang Zhaohui , Zhu Guiquan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractNormal cell cycle progression and proliferation of palatal mesenchymal cells are important for palatal development. As targets of miR-17-92, E2F transcription factors family has been suggested to induce the transcription of miR-17-92 in several cell types. In the present study, we sought to investigate whether this negative feedback loop exists in mouse PMCs and what the function of this negative feedback loop would be in palatal mesenchymal cells. Using GeneMANIA, we revealed that the most important function of experimentally verified targets of miR-17-92 is cell cycle regulation. E2F1 and E2F3, but not E2F2, were extensively expressed in mouse palate. Over-expression of E2F1 significantly increased the expression of all the members of miR-17-92. After increased by E2F1, miR-17 and miR-20a may negatively target E2F1, and thereby prevent the cells from excessive proliferation. We suggest that the negative feedback loop between E2F1 and miR-17-92 may contribute to palatal development by regulating the proliferation and cell cycle of palatal mesenchymal cells.
Metabolic Effects of Clenbuterol and Salbutamol on Pork Meat Studied Using Internal Extractive Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Lu Haiyan , Zhang Hua , Zhu Tenggao , Xiao Yipo , Xie Shaoxian , Gu Haiwei , Cui Meng , Luo Liping 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDirect mass spectrometry analysis of metabolic effects of clenbuterol and salbutamol on pork quality at the molecular level is incredibly beneficial for food regulations, public health and the development of new anti-obesity drugs. With internal extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (iEESI-MS), nutrients including creatine, amino acids, L-carnitine, vitamin B6, carnosine and phosphatidylcholines in pork tissue were identified, without sample pretreatment, using collision-induced dissociation (CID) experiments and by comparison with authentic compounds. Furthermore, normal pork samples were clearly differentiated from pork samples with clenbuterol and salbutamol via principal component analysis (PCA). Correlation analysis performed on the spectral data revealed that the above-mentioned nutrients strongly correlated with pork quality, and the absolute intensity of phosphatidylcholines in normal pork was much higher than pork contaminated by clenbuterol and salbutamol. Our findings suggested that clenbuterol and salbutamol may render effects on the activity of carnitine acyltransferase I, hence the process that L-carnitine transports long-chain fatty acids into mitochondria and the formation of phosphatidylcholines might be affected. However, the underlying metabolic mechanisms of clenbuterol and salbutamol on carnitine acyltransferase I requires more comprehensive studies in future work.
Effects of gratitude meditation on neural network functional connectivity and brain-heart coupling
Authors: Kyeong Sunghyon , Kim Joohan , Kim Dae Jin , Kim Hesun Erin , Kim Jae-Jin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA sense of gratitude is a powerful and positive experience that can promote a happier life, whereas resentment is associated with life dissatisfaction. To explore the effects of gratitude and resentment on mental well-being, we acquired functional magnetic resonance imaging and heart rate (HR) data before, during, and after the gratitude and resentment interventions. Functional connectivity (FC) analysis was conducted to identify the modulatory effects of gratitude on the default mode, emotion, and reward-motivation networks. The average HR was significantly lower during the gratitude intervention than during the resentment intervention. Temporostriatal FC showed a positive correlation with HR during the gratitude intervention, but not during the resentment intervention. Temporostriatal resting-state FC was significantly decreased after the gratitude intervention compared to the resentment intervention. After the gratitude intervention, resting-state FC of the amygdala with the right dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and left dorsal anterior cingulate cortex were positively correlated with anxiety scale and depression scale, respectively. Taken together, our findings shed light on the effect of gratitude meditation on an individual’s mental well-being, and indicate that it may be a means of improving both emotion regulation and self-motivation by modulating resting-state FC in emotion and motivation-related brain regions.
Activated Monocytes Enhance Platelet-Driven Contraction of Blood Clots via Tissue Factor Expression
Authors: Peshkova Alina D. , Le Minh Giang , Tutwiler Valerie , Andrianova Izabella A. , Weisel John W. , Litvinov Rustem I. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPlatelet-driven reduction in blood clot volume (clot contraction or retraction) has been implicated to play a role in hemostasis and thrombosis. Although these processes are often linked with inflammation, the role of inflammatory cells in contraction of blood clots and thrombi has not been investigated. The aim of this work was to study the influence of activated monocytes on clot contraction. The effects of monocytes were evaluated using a quantitative optical tracking methodology to follow volume changes in a blood clot formed in vitro. When a physiologically relevant number of isolated human monocytes pre-activated with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) were added back into whole blood, the extent and rate of clot contraction were increased compared to addition of non-activated cells. Inhibition of tissue factor expression or its inactivation on the surface of PMA-treated monocytes reduced the extent and rate of clot contraction back to control levels with non-activated monocytes. On the contrary, addition of tissue factor enhanced clot contraction, mimicking the effects of tissue factor expressed on the activated monocytes. These data suggest that the inflammatory cells through their expression of tissue factor can directly affect hemostasis and thrombosis by modulating the size and density of intra- and extravascular clots and thrombi.
Stability of the Cortical Sensory Waveforms, the P1-N1-P2 Complex and T-Complex, of Auditory Evoked Potentials
Authors: Wagner Monica , Shafer Valerie L. , Haxhari Evis , Kiprovski Kevin , Behrmann Katherine , Griffiths Tara 
Published: July 2017

PurposeAtypical cortical sensory waveforms reflecting impaired encoding of auditory stimuli may result from inconsistency in cortical response to the acoustic feature changes within spoken words. Thus, the present study assessed intrasubject stability of the P1-N1-P2 complex and T-complex to multiple productions of spoken nonwords in 48 adults to provide benchmarks for future studies probing auditory processing deficits.MethodResponse trials were split (split epoch averages) for each of 4 word types for each subject and compared for similarity in waveform morphology. Waveform morphology association was assessed between 50 and 600 ms, the time frame reflecting spectro-temporal feature processing for the stimuli used in the study.ResultsUsing approximately 70 trials in each split epoch, the P1-N1-P2 complex was found to be highly stable, with high positive associations found for all subjects for at least 3 word types. The T-complex was more variable, with high positive associations found for all subjects to at least 1 word type.ConclusionsThe P1-N1-P2 split epochs at group and individual levels and the T-complex at group level can be used to assess consistency of neural response in individuals with auditory processing deficits. The T-complex relative to the P1-N1-P2 complex in individuals can provide information pertaining to phonological processing.
Synthesis and characterisation of NiCoP urchins
Authors: Liu Shuling , Guo Jie , He Xiaodong , Han Xiaoli 
Published: July 2017

NiCoP with an urchin‐like structure was successfully synthesised by a facile solvothermal route and characterised by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that NiCoP was a single crystal structure, composed of a large number of urchin‐like structures and few spherical structures. In addition, a few hollow urchins‐likes were observed. Moreover, many nanorods self‐assembled on the surface of the urchin‐like NiCoP, with lengths of 300–500 nm and a diameter of 20 nm. The novel NiCoP nuclei were aggregated into spherical particles that gradually grew into hollow urchin‐like structures via Ostwald ripening. In addition, NiCoP has good adsorption properties and can absorb some organic dyes, like Malachite green and Congo red.
Asymmetric [3+3] Cycloaddition for Heterocycle Synthesis
Authors: Deng Yongming , Cheng Qing-Qing , Doyle Michael 
Published: July 2017

Asymmetric syntheses of six-membered ring heterocycles are important research targets not only in synthetic organic chemistry but also in pharmaceuticals. The [3+3]-cycloaddition methodology is a complementary strategy to [4+2] cycloaddition for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds. Recent progress in [3+3]-cycloaddition processes provide powerful asymmetric methodologies for the construction of six-membered ring heterocycles with one to three heteroatoms in the ring. In this account, synthetic efforts during the past five years toward the synthesis of enantioenriched six-membered ring heterocycles through asymmetric [3+3] cycloaddition are reported. Asymmetric organocatalysis uses chiral amines, thioureas, phosphoric acids, or NHC catalysis to achieve high enantiocontrol. Transition-metal catalysts used as chiral Lewis acids to activate a dipolar species is an alternative approach. The most recent advance, chiral transition-metal-catalyzed reactions of enoldiazo compounds, has contributed toward the versatile and highly selective synthesis of six-membered heterocyclic compounds.1	Introduction2	Asymmetric Formal [3+3]-Cycloaddition Reactions by Organo­catalysis2.1	By Amino-Catalysis2.2	By N-Heterocyclic Carbenes2.3	By Bifunctional Tertiary Amine-thioureas2.4	By Chiral Phosphoric Acids3	Asymmetric Formal [3+3]-Cycloaddition Reactions by Transition-Metal Catalysis3.1	Copper Catalysis3.2	Other Transition-Metal Catalysis4	Asymmetric [3+3]-Cycloaddition Reactions of Enoldiazo Compounds4.1	Asymmetric [3+3]-Cycloaddition Reactions of Nitrones with Electrophilic Metallo-enolcarbene Intermediates4.2	Dearomatization in Asymmetric [3+3]-Cycloaddition Reactions of Enoldiazoacetates4.3	Asymmetric Stepwise [3+3]-Cycloaddition Reaction of Enoldiazoacetates with Hydrazones5	Summary and Outlook