bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
β-Blockade in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: Does Heart Rate Control Influence Readmissions?
Authors: Owens Ryan E. , Twilla Jennifer D. , Self Timothy H. , Alshaya Abdulrahman I. , Metra Carlvin J. , Cummings Carolyn , Oliphant Carrie S. 
Published: March 2017

Background: Raised resting heart rate (HR), >70 beats per minute (bpm), has been shown to be a risk factor for adverse cardiovascular outcomes and hospital readmissions, specifically in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HF rEF). Given their mortality benefit, β-blockers are recommended in HF rEF, with a goal to titrate to a maximum tolerated dose rather than a specific HR target. Objective: To determine the impact of optimal HR control achievement prior to hospital discharge on hospital readmissions in patients with HF rEF receiving β-blockade. Methods: A retrospective study of patients admitted to 5 adult hospitals within a large urban health-care system, between 2013 and 2015, was conducted. Patients were identified via International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision ( ICD-9) coding for acute on chronic HF rEF. Results: Of the 225 patients included, 20% achieved optimal HR control (n = 46, HR <70 bpm; n = 179, HR ≥70 bpm) and only 15% received β-blocker titration during hospital admission. Of note, 25% of patients receiving ≥50% target dose (n = 79) and 28% receiving 100% target dose (n = 39) achieved optimal HR control. At 30 days, patients with an HR <70 bpm versus HR ≥70 bpm exhibited similar readmission rates (9% vs 11%, respectively; P > .99) and ED visits (11% vs 8%, respectively; P = .57). Conclusions: Readmission rates were similar among patients with HF rEF despite the majority failing to achieve optimal HR control from β-blockade. However, β-blocker dosing remains suboptimal relative to guideline-recommended target doses. Opportunities exist for inpatient clinicians to optimize β-blockade in an attempt to achieve HR control.
Tryptophan Metabolism in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Secondary to Type 2 Diabetes: Relationship to Inflammatory Markers
Authors: Debnath Subrata , Velagapudi Chakradhar , Redus Laney , Thameem Farook , Kasinath Balakuntalam , Hura Claudia E , Lorenzo Carlos , Abboud Hanna E , O’Connor Jason C 
Published: March 2017

Objective: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the primary case of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Inflammation is associated with metabolic dysregulation in patients with T2D and CKD. Tryptophan (TRP) metabolism may have relevance to the CKD outcomes and associated symptoms. We investigated the relationships of TRP metabolism with inflammatory markers in patients with T2D and CKD. Methods: Data were collected from a well-characterized cohort of type 2 diabetic individuals with all stages of CKD, including patients on hemodialysis. Key TRP metabolites (kynurenine [KYN], kynurenic acid [KYNA], and quinolinic acid [QA]), proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α] and interleukin-6 [IL-6]), and C-reactive protein were measured in plasma. The KYN/TRP ratio was utilized as a surrogate marker for indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) enzyme activity. Results: There was a significant inverse association between circulating TRP level and stages of CKD ( P < 0.0001). Downstream bioactive TRP metabolites KYN, KYNA, and QA were positively and robustly correlated with the severity of kidney disease ( P < 0.0001). In multiple linear regression, neither TNF-α nor IL-6 was independently related to KYN/TRP ratio after adjusting for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Only TNF-α was independently related to KYN after taking into account the effect of eGFR. Conclusions: Chronic kidney disease secondary to T2D may be associated with accumulation of toxic TRP metabolites due to both inflammation and impaired kidney function. Future longitudinal studies to determine whether the accumulation of KYN directly contributes to CKD progression and associated symptoms in patients with T2D are warranted.
Establishing a Role for Interleukin-17 in Atopic Dermatitis-Related Skin Inflammation
Authors: Tan Qi , Yang Huan , Liu En-mei , Wang Hua 
Published: March 2017

Background: Although CD4+ T cells are known to contribute to the pathology of atopic dermatitis (AD), the role of T helper 17 cells and interleukin (IL)–17 in skin inflammation remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to characterize the role of IL-17 in AD-related inflammation and immunopathology. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 87 children with AD and 60 healthy control subjects. In addition, 10 skin biopsies from each group were collected. Skin and serum expression levels of IL-17 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)–sensitized IL-17 knockout and wild-type mice were used as an animal model of skin AD. The messenger ribonucleic acid expression levels of T helper types 1 and 2 cytokines isolated from mouse skin biopsies were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cytokine expression profiles of concanavalin A–stimulated splenocytes and IL-17-treated HaCaT keratinocytes were determined. Results: IL-17 expression levels were significantly elevated in the skin, but not in the serum, of patients with AD compared with healthy control subjects. Compared with control subjects, skin lesions from AD animal models exhibited significantly reduced epidermal and dermal thicknesses, as well as reduced messenger ribonucleic acid expression levels of T helper type 2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13. Concanavalin A–stimulated splenocytes isolated from DNCB-treated IL-17 knockout mice showed significantly less production of IL-4 and IL-5 compared with wild-type controls. IL-6 and IL-8 production by IL-17-stimulated HaCaT cells was blocked by inhibitors of p38 kinase and extracellular signal–regulated kinase. Conclusions: IL-17 may mediate AD-related immune dysregulation by amplifying the inflammatory response.
Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum–Like Papillary Dermal Elastolysis: A Single Case Report
Authors: Valbuena Venus , Assaad Dalal , Yeung Jensen 
Published: March 2017

Background: Pseudoxanthoma elasticum–like papillary dermal elastolysis (PXE-PDE), a rare acquired elastolytic disorder, occurs in postmenopausal, elderly women and is characterized by soft, white-yellow papules that localize on the neck and supraclavicular regions and often coalesce into cobblestone plaques. It has no systemic involvement and is histologically distinct from the clinically similar inherited pseudoxanthoma elasticum. Case Summary: A 64-year-old Caucasian woman presented with a 2-year history of multiple, asymptomatic soft yellow 1- to 2-mm papules on her neck, which were increasing in number. On histopathology, haemotoxylin and eosin stain showed a normal-appearing papillary dermis; however, Verhoeff–van Gieson elastic stain showed absent elastic fibres in the papillary dermis. Papular elastorrhexis was suggested, but given its clinical picture, PXE-PDE was also considered. There was no resolution after 2 courses of intralesional triamcinolone acetonide (0.1 mL of 5 mg/mL). Conclusion: PXE-PDE, which is characterized by complete loss or significant reduction of elastic fibres in the papillary dermis, was consistent with our patient’s presentation and histologic findings. Papular elastorrhexis, a paediatric cutaneous disorder, was initially considered, but clinicopathologic correlation led to a diagnosis of PXE-PDE. Intralesional corticosteroids was tried as a treatment but was ineffective at improving the condition. This report documents the importance of histopathology and clinicopathologic correlation when differentiating the overlapping variants of fibroelastolytic disease.
Therapy management of thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis: Exploring UK therapists’ perceptions of joint instability
Authors: Jansen Victoria , Hendrick Paul , Ellis Jo 
Published: March 2017

Introduction Carpometacarpal joint osteoarthritis is a common and painful condition associated with ligament laxity, subluxation and joint instability. Therapy management includes several interventions targeting the symptoms associated with instability and subluxation. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of experienced therapists, about their understanding of joint instability in carpometacarpal joint osteoarthritis and its relationship with laxity, subluxation and strength, and the perceived effectiveness of exercise interventions. Methods A qualitative research design, consisting of individual semi-structured interviews was conducted with nine therapists. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using a thematic analysis. Results Three themes were identified: (a) relationships between instability and laxity – the terms laxity and instability were often used interchangeably. Instability was associated with laxity, subluxation and disease progression, and was perceived to be a problem that includes the whole thumb column; (b) clinical reasoning by stage of disease – conflicting opinions were expressed regarding instability being present in pre-arthritic lax joints, early disease or all stages of disease; (c) the role of exercise in management – there was disagreement as to whether instability could be modified by developing muscle strength, or whether treatment should be focussed on compensating for instability. Conclusion Different perceptions of instability were reflected in wide-ranging opinions regarding the need to manage instability, and regarding the potential for altering instability. The impact of instability on function, and the concept of instability were not easily identified. A clearer definition of instability would facilitate the development and assessment of interventions for instability.
Ultrasound Diagnosis of Calf Injuries
Authors: Bright Jacob Michael , Fields Karl B. , Draper Ryan 
Published: March 2017

Context: The medial head of the gastrocnemius is the third most commonly strained muscle in elite athletes after the biceps femoris and rectus femoris. The differential diagnosis of posterior calf injury includes musculoskeletal and nonmusculoskeletal causes. Classically, delineation of these injuries from one another relied primarily on historical features and physical examination findings. The utilization of musculoskeletal ultrasound (sonography) has augmented the diagnosis of these injuries by providing dynamic, real-time confirmation. Evidence Acquisition: A review of PubMed, OVID, and MD Consult prior to January 2016 was performed using search terms, including s oleus ultrasound, gastrocnemius ultrasound, and tennis leg. The references of the pertinent articles were further reviewed for other relevant sources. Study Design: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Results: There have been few reviews to date of calf injuries and the use of sonography in their diagnosis. Prompt diagnosis utilizing ultrasound allows the clinician to focus management on gastrocnemius injury if present. Two-thirds of calf injuries occur at the junction of the fascia between the medial head of the gastrocnemius and the soleus. Injuries to the lateral head of the gastrocnemius occur in up to 14% of patients in some case series, but injury may occur anywhere from the proximal origin to the mid-belly to the fascial junction with the soleus. Numerous injuries to the posterior compartment can mimic gastrocnemius strain, and musculoskeletal ultrasound can aide in their diagnosis by incorporating real-time imaging into the grading of the injury and visual confirmation of physical examination findings. Conclusion: Acute injury to the posterior compartment of the lower extremity can represent a diagnostic challenge. Medial gastrocnemius strain represents the most common injury of the posterior compartment of the lower extremity. Ultrasound is a useful tool to assist the clinician in determining the specific cause of calf injury, estimate the severity of the injury, and monitor progress of healing. The vast majority of calf injuries can be diagnosed and managed without any additional imaging. Serial diagnostic ultrasound of an injured area allows for direct monitoring of tissue healing and may allow the clinician to more confidently assess response to treatment and help guide return-to-play decisions.
Nolzeite, Na(Mn,□)2[Si3(B,Si)O9(OH)2]·2H2O, a new pyroxenoid mineral from Mont Saint-Hilaire, Québec, Canada
Authors: Haring Monika M. M. , McDonald Andrew M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractNolzeite, Na(Mn,□)2[Si3(B,Si)O9(OH)2]·2H2O, is a new mineral found in altered sodalite syenite at the Poudrette quarry, La Vallée-du-Richelieu, Montérégie (formerly Rouville County), Québec, Canada. Crystals are colourless to pale green and are acicular with average dimensions of 5 μm × 8 μm × 55 μm. They occur as radiating to loose, randomly oriented groupings within vugs associated with aegirine, nepheline, sodalite, eudialyte-group minerals, analcime, natron, pyrrhotite, catapleiite, steedeite and the unidentified mineral, UK80. Nolzeite is non-pleochroic, biaxial, withnmin= 1.616(2) andnmax= 1.636(2) and has a positive elongation. The average of six chemical analyses gave the empirical formula: Na1.04(Mn1.69□0.24Fe0.05Ca0.02)∑=2.00(Si2.96S0.04)∑=3.00(B0.70Si0.30)∑=1.00O9(OH)2·2H2O based on 13 anions. The Raman spectrum shows six distinct bands occurring at ∼3600–3300 cm–1and 1600–1500 cm–1(O–H and H–O–H bending), 1300–1200 cm–1(B–OH bending), 1030–800 cm–1(Si–O–Si stretching) as well as 700–500 cm–1and 400–50 cm–1(Mn–O and Na–O bonding, respectively). The FTIR spectrum for nolzeite shows bands at ∼2800 –3600 cm–1(O–H) stretching, a moderately sharp band at 1631 cm –1(H–O–H) bending, strong, sharp bands at ∼650 –700 cm–1, ∼800 –840 cm–1, and ∼900–1100 cm–1(Si–O and B –O) bonds. Nolzeite is triclinic, crystallizing in space groupPwitha= 6.894(1),b= 7.632(2),c= 11.017(2) Å, α= 108.39(3), β= 99.03, γ = 103.05(3)°,V= 519.27 Å3, andZ= 2. The crystal structure was refined toR= 12.37% and wR2= 31.07% for 1361 reflections (Fo> 4σFo). It is based on chains of tetrahedra with a periodicity of three (i.e. adreierchain) consisting of three symmetrically independent SiO4tetrahedra formingC-shaped clusters closed by BO2(OH)2tetrahedra, producing single loop-brancheddreierborosilicate chains. The chains are linked through shared corners to double chains of edge-sharing MnO5(OH) octahedra. Nolzeite is a chain silicate closely related to steedeite and members of the sérandite–pectolite series. Paragenetically, nolzeite is late-stage, probably forming under alkaline conditions and over a narrow range of low pressures and temperatures.
Oxidative stress elicited by modifying the ceramide acyl chain length reduces the rate of clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Authors: Volpert Giora , Ben-Dor Shifra , Tarcic Ohad , Duan Jingjing , Saada Ann , Merrill Alfred H. , Pewzner-Jung Yael , Futerman Anthony H. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
Sphingolipids modulate clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) by altering the biophysical properties of membranes. We now examine CME in astrocytes cultured from ceramide synthase 2 (CerS2) null mice, which have an altered sphingolipid acyl chain composition. The rate of endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein and transferrin, which are internalized via CME, was reduced in CerS2 null astrocytes, although the rate of caveolin-mediated endocytosis was unaltered. Levels of clathrin heavy chain were increased, which was due to decreased levels of Hsc70 (also known as HSPA8), a protein involved in clathrin uncoating. Hsc70 levels were decreased because of lower levels of binding of Sp1 to position −68 in the Hsc70 promoter. Levels of Sp1 were downregulated due to oxidative stress, which was elevated fourfold in CerS2 null astrocytes. Furthermore, induction of oxidative stress in wild-type astrocytes decreased the rate of CME, whereas amelioration of oxidative stress in CerS2 null astrocytes reversed the decrease. Our data are consistent with the notion that sphingolipids not only change membrane biophysical properties but also that changes in their composition can result in downstream effects that indirectly impinge upon a number of cellular pathways, such as CME.
Nomenclature notes on Phoebechekiangensis (Lauraceae)
Authors: Yang Yong , Zhu Xiangyun , Wiersema John 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBy applying different provisions of the Melbourne Code, we find that the name Phoebe chekiangensis, validated by P.T. Li in 2000, could be attributed either to “C.B.Shang” alone or “C.B.Shang ex P.T.Li”, and clarify that “P. chekiangensis C.B.Shang ex C.B.Shang & C.F. Ji”, published in 2013, is a later isonym.
Missing the biggest story – the UK regional press after Leveson
Authors: Clark Tor 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Early in 2013 John Mair’s swiftly produced edited collection of articles about the impact of the then-recent Leveson Report included two chapters on the regional press. My chapter offered statistical evidence to show that the regional press was the sector with the best track record in terms of complaints to the Press Complaints Commission (PCC). The chapter controversially predicted that any proposed regulation would have no impact on that sector. It hoped that Lord Justice Leveson’s highlighting of the problems of the regional press and plea for recognition of its vital community role might prompt positive parliamentary activity. Four years later regulation has had no impact on the regionals, but the bigger issue of the basic viability of the sector remains unresolved. So how healthy is the UK regional press now? Is digital journalism a killer or a saviour? And how long can the regionals survive?
The future’s bright but the future’s local – the rise of hyperlocal journalism in the United Kingdom
Authors: White Douglas , Pennycook Lauren , Perrin William , Hartley Sarah 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Good-quality local journalism, which investigates and reports on politics, business, planning, crime and social issues, is a long-established, critical function of a healthy and thriving local democracy. Reports on local events, stories, achievements and personalities are vital to citizens’ sense of their community and place. However, the UK market for local news has changed beyond recognition in recent years. Four in ten adults in the United Kingdom now use online sources for local news, while half of local news consumers rely on the Internet even more frequently today than they did only two years ago. Traditional business models have been under extreme pressure in this new digital age. Local newspapers are now adapting to these new circumstances and have adapted a variety of different approaches to try and build viable business models in this new age. Clearly the local newspaper industry will continue to play a vital role in the ecosystem of local news. At the same time, however, a new ‘hyperlocal’ news sector is emerging, helping to fill gaps in local media provision and adding significantly to local media plurality. This article discusses the opportunities and challenges facing hyperlocal news in the United Kingdom. and explores the potential for the growth of the new media form of microlocal journalism. This article is written by Douglas White and Lauren Pennycook at the Carnegie UK Trust, a charitable trust that developed a £50,000 competition to improve local news reporting, and William Perrin and Sarah Harley from Talk About Local, who evaluated the project. The article is based on the final report of the Neighbourhood News project, ‘The Future’s Bright, the Future’s Local’, published by the Carnegie UK Trust in December 2014.
The evocation and expression of emotion through documentary animation
Authors: Mobbs Sophie 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
How might an animator distil and study emotion? Could animation itself be a means to unlock meaning that previous experiments have not been able to access? Animation has the power to both highlight and conceal emotions as expressed through body movement and gesture. When we view live-action (human interview) documentary footage, we are exposed not just to the spoken words but also to the subtle nuances of body movements. How much might be lost when documentary footage is transposed into animation, or, indeed, what might be gained, translated through the personal and artistic view of the animator? Drawing on my own previous experience as a games animator, now using research through practice methodology, this article explores the results of the first of a series of animations created to explore the more subtle nuances of gesture. Through the medium of a documentary-style interview, opposing topics are used to evoke strong emotions – first, of happiness, and then of sadness – with a view to accessing real rather than acted (simulated) emotions and their associated body movements.
‘Humorous financial crisis cartoons’: A visual essay of an elementary school art project
Authors: Christopoulou Martha 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This visual essay reports on the first part of an eight-week resilience art programme at a public primary school in Athens, Greece. The students were asked to create humorous cartoons as a response to the financial crisis. Humour as coping mechanism can defuse tension and anxiety and may lead to more positive re-appraisals of the financial crisis and as such contribute to developing children’s resilience.
Reviews
Authors: Garber Elizabeth , Moura Anabela , Stokrocki Mary 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Art, Education and Gender: The Shaping of Female Ambition, Gill Hopper (2015) Basingstoke: Palgrave/Macmillan, 177 pp., ISBN: 9781137408563, h/bk, $79.99USD
Culturally Sensitive Art Education in a Global World: A Handbook for Teachers, Marjorie Cohee Manifold, Steve Willis and Enid Zimmerman (eds) (2016) Reston, VA: National Art Education Association, 284 pp., ISBN: 978189016066, p/bk, $59USD
Developing Visual Arts Education in the United States: Massachusetts Normal Art School and the Normalizaton of Creativity, Mary Ann Stankiewicz (2016) Chambersburg, PA: Palgrave Macmillan, 263 pp., ISBN: 9781137544483, h/bk, $99.99 USD; ISBN: 9781137544490, eBook, $79.99
Community music as folkbildning: A study of a Finnish Cultural Association in Sweden
Authors: Söderman Johan , Westvall Maria 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This article explores the relationship between community music, folkbildning and music making in Sweden. This is exemplified by a case study of a Finnish association in contemporary Sweden. The article takes, as its point of departure, the specific question: what meaning do musical activities have for its participants in the context of a Finnish association in Sweden? Informants from the Finnish association consist of members of a senior dance group (65–80 years old) and a music group (50–65 years old). The fieldwork and methodological approach is inspired by the ethnographic tradition, and the methods of data collection involve qualitative semi-structured interviews in groups, as well as field notes. The findings reveal that dancing is the main activity in the association and through dance activities the participants (as adult beginners) started to play instruments within the association’s framework. This process promotes life-long musical learning and strengthened health. The participants’ migration experiences in combination with the musical activities in the association have an impact on their individual and collective identities, and their participation in a musical community develops a sense of purpose, empowerment and autonomy.