bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on detection of pesticide residues in tobacco based on hyperspectral imaging technology
Authors: Liang Min , Wang Zhiqiang , Lin Yu , Li Caixia , Zhang Liang , Liu Yaxi 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionTobacco is a critical economic crop, yet its cultivation heavily relies on chemical pesticides, posing health risks to consumers, therefore, monitoring pesticide residues in tobacco is conducive to ensuring food safety. However, most current research on pesticide residue detection in tobacco relies on traditional chemical methods, which cannot meet the requirements for real-time and rapid detection.MethodsThis study introduces an advanced method that combines hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology with machine learning algorithms. Firstly, a hyperspectral imager was used to obtain spectral data of tobacco samples, and a variety of spectral pre-processing technologies such as mean centralization (MC), trend correction (TC), and wavelet transform (WT), as well as feature extraction methods such as competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) and least angle regression (LAR) were used to process the spectral data, and then, grid search algorithm (GSA) is used to optimize the support sector machine (SVM).ResultsThe optimized MC-LAR-SVM model achieved a pesticide classification accuracy of 84.1%, which was 9.5% higher than the original data model. The accuracy of the WT-TC-CARS-GSA-SVM model in the fenvalerate concentration classification experiment was as high as 91.8 %, and it also had excellent performance in other metrics. Compared with the model based on the original data, the accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score are improved by 8.3 %, 8.2 %, 7.5 %, and 0.08, respectively.DiscussionThe results show that combining spectral preprocessing and feature extraction algorithms with machine learning models can significantly enhance the performance of pesticide residue detection models and provide robust, efficient, and accurate solutions for food safety monitoring. This study provides a new technical means for the detection of pesticide residues in tobacco, which is of great significance for improving the efficiency and accuracy of food safety detection.
Childhood and adult socioeconomic status influence on late-life healthy longevity: evidence from the Chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey
Authors: Chen Yuanyan 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundOlder people in low- and middle-income countries are more susceptible to the impact of childhood experiences. This study comprehensively examines how childhood socioeconomic status (SES) and adult SES collectively influence late-life healthy longevity from a life course perspective, providing insights for shaping health-related policies.MethodsThis study analyzed data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (1998–2018) with 37,264 individuals aged 65 and above. Using R software, we applied continuous-time multi-state models incorporating the Rockwood frailty index with 38 indicators to assess participants’ health. Childhood SES or life course SES trajectories were core explanatory variables, while age and gender were controlled. Multinomial regression estimated annual transition probabilities between different states, and the multi-state life table method calculated total and frailty-specific life expectancy (LE).Results(1) Social mobility among older people in China showed an upward trend from childhood to adulthood. (2) Transition probabilities for robust-frailty, robust-dead, and frailty-dead increased with age, while frailty-robust decreased. Transition probabilities and LE varied across different childhood SES (low, medium, high) or life-course SES trajectory categories (low-low, low-medium, low-high, medium-low, medium-medium, medium-high, high-low, high-medium, high-high), with probabilities of robust-frailty, robust-dead, and frailty-dead decreasing sequentially across different categories, and frailty-robust increasing sequentially across different categories. Total LE, robust LE, and robust LE proportion increased sequentially across different categories, while frailty LE decreased sequentially across different categories. (3) Women had higher total LE and frailty incidence, but lower recovery rate, mortality risk, robust LE, and robust LE proportion compared to men.ConclusionFavorable childhood SES and lifelong accumulation of SES advantages protect against frailty morbidity, improve recovery rate, reduce mortality risk, and increase total LE, robust LE, and robust LE proportion. High childhood SES has a stronger protective effect than high adult SES, indicating the lasting impact of childhood conditions on healthy longevity. Systematic interventions in education, food supply, and medical accessibility for children from impoverished families are crucial.
Investigating the impact of climatic and environmental factors on HFRS prevalence in Anhui Province, China, using satellite and reanalysis data
Authors: Liu Ying , Liu Chengyuan , Wang Liping , Chen Xian , Qiao Huijie , Zhang Yan , Cai Binggang , Xue Rongrong , Yi Chuanxiang 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionHemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) is the most commonly diagnosed zoonosis in Asia. Despite taking various preventive measures, HFRS remains prevalent across multiple regions in China. This study aims to investigate the impact of climatic and environmental factors on the prevalence of HFRS in Anhui Province, China, utilizing satellite and reanalysis data.MethodsWe collect monthly HFRS data from Anhui Province spanning 2005 to 2019 and integrated MODIS satellite datasets and ERA5 reanalysis data, including variables such as precipitation, temperature, humidity, solar radiation, aerosol optical depth (AOD), and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Continuous wavelet transform, Spearman correlation analysis, and Poisson regression analysis are employed to assess the association between climatic and environmental factors and HFRS cases.ResultsOur findings reveal that HFRS cases predominantly occur during the spring and winter seasons, with the highest peak intensity observed in a 9-year cycle. Notably, the monthly average relative humidity exhibits a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.404 at a 4-month lag, taking precedence over other contributing factors. Poisson regression analysis elucidates that NDVI at a 2-month lag, mean temperature (T) and solar radiation (SR) at a 4-month lag, precipitation (P), relative humidity (RH), and AOD at a 5-month lag exhibit the most robust explanatory power for HFRS occurrence. Moreover, the developed predictive model exhibiting commendable accuracy.DiscussionThis study provides key evidence for understanding how climatic and environmental factors influence the transmission of HFRS at the provincial scale. Insights from this research are critical for formulating effective preventive strategies and serving as a resource for HFRS prevention and control efforts.
Impact of Lentinus sajor-caju on Lignocellulosic Biomass, In Vitro Rumen Digestibility and Antioxidant Properties of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus Stems under Solid-State Fermentation Conditions
Authors: Wang Yu-Qiong , Luo Li-Long , Chen Li-Ming , Liao Yang-Ci , Zhang Hang , Gou Chang-Long 
Published: September 2024

Lentinus sajor-caju has shown potential for the bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass in various substrates. Here, we evaluated whether L. sajor-caju affects the lignocellulosic biomass, in vitro fermentation and antioxidant properties of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus (AMM) stems. The lignocellulosic biomass content and the antioxidant activity of AMM stems were determined by scanning electron microscopy, chemical component analysis, in vitro fermentation and LC-MS metabolomics after 30 days of fermentation by L. sajor-caju at 25 °C. L. sajor-caju significantly altered the rigid structure of the stems. Compared with the control condition, the lignocellulose contents were significantly reduced (p < 0.001) and improved in vitro digestibility and total volatile fatty acids. In total, 624 differential metabolites, including 201 up-regulated and 423 down-regulated, were identified in unfermented and fermented comparison groups. Correlation analysis indicated that there were strongly correlations of the total phenolic content and total antioxidant capacity. Meanwhile, the differential metabolites were primarily associated with antioxidant activity, with 4(3H)-quinazolinone, dihydrocarvyl acetate and jaceoside being the most representative. In summary, L. sajor-caju altered the composition of the cell wall of AMM stems, thereby enhancing their antioxidant activity.
Expression of Trefoil Factor 1 (TFF1) in Cancer: A Tissue Microarray Study Involving 18,878 Tumors
Authors: Lutz Florian , Han Soo-Young , Büyücek Seyma , Möller Katharina , Viehweger Florian , Schlichter Ria , Menz Anne , Luebke Andreas M. , Bawahab Ahmed Abdulwahab , Reiswich Viktor , Kluth Martina , Hube-Magg Claudia , Hinsch Andrea , Weidemann Sören , Lennartz Maximilian , Dum David , Bernreuther Christian , Lebok Patrick , Sauter Guido , Marx Andreas H. , Simon Ronald , Krech Till , Fraune Christoph , Gorbokon Natalia , Burandt Eike , Minner Sarah , Steurer Stefan , Clauditz Till S. , Jacobsen Frank 
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: Trefoil factor 1 (TFF1) plays a role in the mucus barrier. Methods: To evaluate the prevalence of TFF1 expression in cancer, a tissue microarray containing 18,878 samples from 149 tumor types and 608 samples of 76 normal tissue types was analyzed through immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: TFF1 staining was detectable in 65 of 149 tumor categories. The highest rates of TFF1 positivity were found in mucinous ovarian carcinomas (76.2%), colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas (47.1–75%), breast neoplasms (up to 72.9%), bilio-pancreatic adenocarcinomas (42.1–62.5%), gastro-esophageal adenocarcinomas (40.4–50.0%), neuroendocrine neoplasms (up to 45.5%), cervical adenocarcinomas (39.1%), and urothelial neoplasms (up to 24.3%). High TFF1 expression was related to a low grade of malignancy in non-invasive urothelial carcinomas of the bladder (p = 0.0225), low grade of malignancy (p = 0.0003), estrogen and progesterone receptor expression (p < 0.0001), non-triple negativity (p = 0.0005) in invasive breast cancer of no special type, and right-sided tumor location (p = 0.0021) in colorectal adenocarcinomas. Conclusions: TFF1 IHC has only limited utility for the discrimination of different tumor entities given its expression in many tumor entities. The link between TFF1 expression and parameters of malignancy argues for a relevant biological role of TFF1 in cancer. TFF1 may represent a suitable therapeutic target due to its expression in only a few normal cell types.
Deep Learning for Parkinson’s Disease Diagnosis: A Graph Neural Network (GNN) Based Classification Approach with Graph Wavelet Transform (GWT) Using Protein–Peptide Datasets
Authors: Mohanraj Prabhavathy , Raman Valliappan , Ramanathan Saveeth 
Published: September 2024

Abstract: Background: An important neurological disorder of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is characterized by motor and non-motor activity of the patients. Empirical condition of the patient: PD assessment uses the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson’s Rating Scale part III (MDS-UPDRS-III) measures for identifying the prediction of PD. Due to the unstable value of the measurement, the PD prediction and tracking lead to a lower prediction rate. Methods: To overcome this limitation, this paper proposed the Graph Wavelet Transform (GWT) based weighted feature extraction along with the Graph Neutral Network (GNN) classification. The main contribution of this research is (i) The weighted correlation between the data is calculated by GWT for effective prediction of PD. (ii) Machine learning algorithms were trained to predict Parkinson’s disease based on these patterns. In this research, we developed a new model called Graph Neural Network (GNN) to predict PD tremors’ MDS-UPDRS-III score using input data. To strengthen PD research and enable the construction of individualized treatment plans, these linked networks work together to methodically examine the data and find significant discoveries. Results: The proposed approach for predicting PD severity (motor- and MDS_UPDRS) has a mean squared error of 0.1796 and a root mean squared error of 0.2845, according to the experimental data. The prediction accuracy is increased by 27.66%, 54.11%, and 0.71%, correspondingly, when compared with the most effective State-of-the-Art methods of DNN, ANFIS + SVR, and Mixed MLP models. Conclusion: In conclusion, this proves that the proposed strategy is more effective at making predictions.
Reliability Enhancement of a Double-Switch Single-Ended Primary Inductance–Buck Regulator in a Wind-Driven Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Using a Double-Band Hysteresis Current Controller
Authors: Emar Walid , Alzgool Mais , Mansour Ibrahim 
Published: September 2024

The wind power exchange system (WECS) covered in this paper consists of a voltage source inverter (VSI), a DSSB regulator, and an uncontrolled rectifier. An AC grid or a heavy inductive or resistive load (RL) can be supplied by this system. The DSSB is a recently developed DC-DC regulator consisting of an improved single-ended primary inductance regulator (SEPIC) followed by a buck regulator. It has a peak efficiency of 95–98% and a voltage gain of (D (1+D)/(1−D). where D is the regulator transistor’s on-to-off switching ratio. The proposed regulator improves the voltage stability and MPPT strategy (optimal or maximum power-point tracking). The combination of the DSSB and the proposed regulator improves the efficiency of the system and increases the power output of the wind turbine by reducing the harmonics of the system voltages and current. This method also reduces the influence of air density as well as wind speed variations on the MPPT strategy. Classical proportional–integral (PI) controllers are used in conjunction with a vector-controlled voltage source inverter, which adheres to the suggested DSSB regulator, to control the PMSM speed and d-q axis currents and to correct for current error. In addition to the vector-controlled voltage source inverter (which follows the recommended DSSB regulator), classical proportional–integral controllers are used to regulate the PMSM speed and d-q axis currents, and to correct current errors. In addition, a model Predictive Controller (PPC) is used with the pitch angle control (PAC) of WECS. This is done to show how well the proposed WECS (WECS with DSSB regulator) enhances voltage stability. A software-based simulation (MATLAB/Simulink) evaluates the results for ideal and unoptimized parameters of the WT and WECS under a variety of conditions. The results of the simulation show an increase in MPPT precision and output power performance.
Variation in the Local Grey Mullet Populations (Mugil cephalus) on the Western Pacific Fringe
Authors: Kuo Chien-Hsien , Lee Sin-Che , Du Shin-Yi , Huang Chao-Shen , Lin Hung-Du 
Published: September 2024

Background: Understanding population genetic structures is crucial for planning and implementing conservation programmes to preserve species’ adaptive and evolutionary potential and thus ensure their long-term persistence. The grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) is a globally distributed coastal fish. Its populations in waters surrounding Taiwan on the western Pacific fringe are divided into at least two stocks (migratory and residential), but questions remain regarding their genetic divergence and gene flow. Methods and Results: To cast more light on this, allozyme variations at 21 presumptive gene loci of 1217 adult grey mullets from 15 localities in Japan, Taiwan and mainland China, and four gene loci from 1470 juveniles from three localities in Taiwan were used to investigate patterns of genetic variation. The mean expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.128—ranging from 0.031 (Matsu) to 0.442 (Kaoping)—and the mean observed heterozygosity (Ho) was 0.086—ranging from 0.017 (Kaohsiung) to 0.215 (Kaoping). Both AMOVA and the high overall mean FST of 0.252 indicated enormous genetic differentiation among populations and the positive mean value of FIS was 0.328, indicating a deficiency of heterozygotes. PCoA indicated that the samples of M. cephalus could be split into three groups and STRUCTURE analysis showed that all individuals were grouped into three genetic clusters. The results of mutation-drift equilibrium tests did not suggest that the populations experienced any recent genetic bottleneck. The results from all localities in the present investigation showed significant change in the GPI-A genotype frequencies with latitudes—e.g., increases in GPI-A*135/135 homozygote frequencies and GPI-A*100/100 frequencies were highly correlated with latitudinal cline. All migratory populations with the GPI-A genotype were almost exclusively the GPI-A*100/100 homozygote. During the life history of M. cephalus, the GPI-A*100/135 heterozygote frequency significantly decreases with age. Conclusions: Based on these data, we suggest that each GPI-A genotype represents trait combinations of higher fitness in some portions of the environment. Furthermore, the genotypic frequencies change in accordance with life stages, suggesting that selection occurs throughout the life span.
Molecular Identification and Bioinformatics Analysis of Anaplasma marginale Moonlighting Proteins as Possible Antigenic Targets
Authors: Quiroz-Castañeda Rosa Estela , Aguilar-Díaz Hugo , Coronado-Villanueva Eduardo , Catalán-Ochoa Diego Israel , Amaro-Estrada Itzel 
Published: September 2024

Background: Diseases of veterinary importance, such as bovine Anaplasmosis, cause significant economic losses. Due to this, the study of various proteins of the causal agent Anaplasma marginale has focused on surface proteins. However, a vaccine for this disease is not yet available. To this end, in this work, moonlighting proteins (MLPs) are presented as an alternative approach for the design of immunogens against A. marginale. Methods: The proteins of the strain MEX-15-099-01 were analyzed, and its MLPs were identified. Subsequently, four virulence-associated MLP genes were selected and identified using PCR. The proteins were analyzed using a structural homology approach and the collection of B-cell epitopes was predicted for each MLP. Finally, a pair of AmEno peptides were synthesized and the antigenic potential was tested using an iELISA. Results: Our bioinformatics analysis revealed the potential of AmEno, AmGroEl, AmEF-Tu, and AmDnaK proteins as promising candidates for designing immunogens. The PCR allowed the gene sequence identification in the genome of the strain MEX-15-099-01. Notably, AmEno-derived synthetic peptides showed antigenicity in an ELISA. Conclusions: Our study has shed light on the potential use of MLPs for immunogen design, demonstrating the antigenic potential of AmEno.
Associations of Patient Activation with Outcomes among Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis: A Retrospective, Longitudinal, Observational Study
Authors: Gopal Tejas , Chen Shijie , Weinhandl Eric , Hussein Wael F. 
Published: September 2024

Key Points

The study explores the potential utility of the Patient Activation Measure 13-item survey as a marker for identifying high-risk patients in the dialysis population.Patient activation had a significant association with mortality. However, no association was observed with hospital admission or markers of adherence.The findings emphasize the need for further studies to validate patient activation in patients on dialysis and its role in improving patient outcomes.

Background
Patient activation, defined as an individual's readiness, willingness, and ability to manage their own health and health care, is associated with healthy behaviors and improved outcomes. Patients undergoing in-center hemodialysis have low activation, but the association of patient activation with clinical outcomes among patients on dialysis is unclear. We investigated the association between patient activation and outcomes in patients on hemodialysis.

Methods
This cohort included 925 prevalent patients on in-center hemodialysis in ten facilities in a mid-size dialysis provider. All patients who completed the Patient Activation Measure 13-item (PAM-13) survey during a previous study were included, and their records were cross-referenced with data from the electronic heath system. Patients were followed for 180 days after completion of the survey for the primary outcomes of (1) time to death and (2) time to hospitalization. Markers of nonadherence during the months before and after completion of the PAM survey were examined as secondary outcomes, including (1) serum potassium >5.0 mEq/L; (2) serum phosphorus >5.5 mg/dl; (3) missed dialysis treatment because of absence (no hospitalization); and (4) interdialytic weight gain >4.0%. Univariate and adjusted regression models were fit to estimate associations of a three-point increment in PAM-13 score with the outcomes of interest; adjustment factors comprised age, sex, dialysis vintage, serum albumin, diabetes, and hospitalization history.

Results
A three-point increment in PAM score was associated with lower hazard of death (univariate hazard ratio [HR], 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84 to 0.94; adjusted HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.85 to 0.96), but not with hospitalization (univariate HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.02; adjusted HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.02). Higher scores were associated with increased odds of having high phosphorus levels in the unadjusted analysis, but this was attenuated and not significant in adjusted models. There were no significant relationships between a three-point increment in PAM score and any of the other secondary outcomes in univariate and adjusted analyses.

Conclusions
In a cohort of patients on prevalent, in-center hemodialysis, low activation was associated with mortality, but not with hospitalization or measures of nonadherence.
Wojny w myśli filozoficznej starożytnych Greków i Rzymian. Zarys wybranych zagadnień
Authors: Homa Tomasz 
Published: September 2024

CEL NAUKOWY: Studium wybranych antycznych greckich i rzymskich poglądów na temat wojny oraz próba identyfikacji ich rozstrzygnięć, które zdają się zachowywać swoją poznawczo i/lub normatywnie istotną ważność również współcześnie.
PROBLEM I METODY BADAWCZE: Przedmiot badań stanowi zagadnienie wojny w myśli Sokratesa, Platona, Arystotelesa i Cycerona, jej źródeł, natury, rodzajów i celów, a także ich legitymizacji lub delegitymizacji. W jego analizach przyjęto podejście filozoficzne, a tam, gdzie to konieczne, również kulturoznawcze i teologiczne, stosując w badaniach tego zagadnienia metodę hermeneutyczno-heurystyczną oraz komparatystyczną.
PROCES WYWODU: Badając teksty źródłowe, przedstawiono w syntetyczny sposób główne nurty rozumienia wojny w świecie greckim i rzymskim, a także występujące między nimi różnice oraz podobieństwa.
WYNIKI ANALIZY NAUKOWEJ: Stwierdzono fundamentalnie ważną rolę filozoficznego rozumienia rzeczywistości jako takiej oraz, w jej ramach, rzeczywistości świata ludzkiej koegzystencji, zarówno w koncepcjach przyznających wojnie bycie nadrzędną zasadą wszechrzeczy, jak i w koncepcjach ważność taką przypisujących pokojowi. Tego rodzaju rozumienie, pomimo wzajemnych krytyk, nie zanika, lecz zachowuje tę dwoistość, wpisując się trwale w europejskie namysły w tej materii.
WNIOSKI, INNOWACJE, REKOMENDACJE: Analizowane poglądy na temat wojny, które odcisnęły znacząco swoje znamię na europejskiej myśli w tym temacie, biorąc pod uwagę ich wewnętrzne logiki oraz niektóre z poruszanych przez nie zagadnień, warte są namysłu także współcześnie.