bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The mitogen and stress-activated protein kinase 1 regulates the rapid epigenetic tagging of dorsal horn neurons and nocifensive behaviour
Authors: Tochiki Keri K. , Maiarú Maria , Norris Caspar , Hunt Stephen P. , Géranton Sandrine M. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Phosphorylation of histone H3 at serine 10 (p-H3S10) is a marker of active gene transcription. Using cognitive models of neural plasticity, p-H3S10 was shown to be downstream of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signalling in the hippocampus. In this study, we show that nociceptive signalling after peripheral formalin injection increased p-H3S10 expression in the ipsilateral dorsal horn. This increase was maximal 30 minutes after formalin injection and occurred mainly within p-ERK-positive neurons. Spinal p-H3S10-enhanced expression was also observed in neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R), c-Fos, and Zif268 positive neurons and was inhibited by ablation of serotonergic descending controls. The mitogen and stress-activated protein kinase 1 (MSK1) is downstream of ERK and can induce p-H3S10. We found that, after formalin injection, most phospho-MSK1 (p-MSK1)-positive cells (87% ± 3%) expressed p-ERK and the majority of p-H3S10-positive cells (85% ± 5%) expressed p-MSK1. Inhibition of ERK activity with the MEK inhibitor SL327 reduced formalin-induced p-ERK, p-MSK1, and p-H3S10, demonstrating that spinal p-MSK1 and p-H3S10 were at least partly downstream of ERK signalling. Crucially, pharmacological blockade of spinal MSK1 activity with the novel MSK1 inhibitor SB727651A inhibited formalin-induced spinal p-H3S10 and nocifensive behaviour. These findings are the first to establish the involvement of p-H3S10 and its main kinase, MSK1, in ERK regulation of nociception. Given the general importance of ERK signalling in pain processing, our results suggest that p-H3S10 could play a role in the response to injury.
Activation of cannabinoid CB1 receptor contributes to suppression of spinal nociceptive transmission and inhibition of mechanical hypersensitivity by Aβ-fiber stimulation
Authors: Yang Fei , Xu Qian , Shu Bin , Tiwari Vinod , He Shao-Qiu , Vera-Portocarrero Louis P. , Dong Xinzhong , Linderoth Bengt , Raja Srinivasa N. , Wang Yun , Guan Yun 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Activation of Aβ-fibers is an intrinsic feature of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) pain therapy. Cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) is important to neuronal plasticity and pain modulation, but its role in SCS-induced pain inhibition remains unclear. In this study, we showed that CB1 receptors are expressed in both excitatory and inhibitory interneurons in substantia gelatinosa (SG). Patch-clamp recording of the evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (eEPSCs) in mice after spinal nerve ligation (SNL) showed that electrical stimulation of Aβ-fibers (Aβ-ES) using clinical SCS-like parameters (50 Hz, 0.2 millisecond, 10 μA) induced prolonged depression of eEPSCs to C-fiber inputs in SG neurons. Pretreatment with CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 (2 μM) reduced the inhibition of C-eEPSCs by Aβ-ES in both excitatory and inhibitory SG neurons. We further determined the net effect of Aβ-ES on spinal nociceptive transmission in vivo by recording spinal local field potential in SNL rats. Epidural SCS (50 Hz, Aβ-plateau, 5 minutes) attenuated C-fiber-evoked local field potential. This effect of SCS was partially reduced by spinal topical application of AM251 (25 μg, 50 μL), but not CB2 receptor antagonist AM630 (100 μg). Finally, intrathecal pretreatment with AM251 (50 μg, 15 μL) in SNL rats blocked the inhibition of behavioral mechanical hypersensitivity by SCS (50 Hz, 0.2 millisecond; 80% of motor threshold, 60 minutes). Our findings suggest that activation of spinal CB1 receptors may contribute to synaptic depression to high-threshold afferent inputs in SG neurons after Aβ-ES and may be involved in SCS-induced inhibition of spinal nociceptive transmission after nerve injury.
Effect of Simulation on the Confidence of University Nursing Students in Applying Cardiopulmonary Assessment Skills: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Tawalbeh Loai I. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Background:
Simulation is an effective teaching strategy. However, no study in Jordan has examined the effect of simulation on the confidence of university nursing students in applying heart and lung physical examination skills.

Purpose:
The current study aimed to test the effect of simulation on the confidence of university nursing students in applying heart and lung physical examination skills.

Method:
A randomized controlled trial design was applied. The researcher introduced the simulation scenario regarding cardiopulmonary examination skills. This scenario included a 1-hour PowerPoint presentation and video for the experimental group (n= 35) and a PowerPoint presentation and a video showing a traditional demonstration in the laboratory for the control group (n = 34). Confidence in applying cardiopulmonary physical examination skills was measured for both groups at baseline and at 1 day and 3 months posttest.

Results:
A paired t test showed that confidence was significantly higher in the posttest than in the pretest for both groups. An independent t test showed a statistically significant difference (t(67) = −42.95, p < .001) between the two groups in terms of the difference between the first posttest and second posttest scores (t(67) = −43.36, p < .001) for confidence in applying physical examination skills.

Conclusions:
Both simulation and traditional training in the laboratory significantly improved the confidence of participants in applying cardiopulmonary assessment skills. However, the simulation training had a more significant effect than usual training in enhancing the confidence of nursing students in applying physical examination skills.
Correlates of Perceived Social Support in Chinese Adult Child Caregivers of Parent Stroke Survivors
Authors: Pan Yuqin , Jones Patricia S. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Background:
Prevalence of stroke and traditional filial responsibility involve adult children in caregiving to their parent stroke survivors in China. Support resources are insufficient because of the shrinking size of family and the underdeveloped support system.

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to identify the correlates of perceived social support among adult child caregivers of parent stroke survivors in China.

Methods:
A cross-sectional correlational design was used in this study. A nonproportional quota sample of 126 adult child caregivers was recruited from Zhejiang Province, China. Data were collected at either the hospital stroke units or the respondents’ homes using structured questionnaires of caregiving dyadic demographics and caregiving characteristics, 14-item Activities of Daily Living, 15-item Mutuality Scale, and 12-item Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. SPSS 17.0 was used for analysis.

Results:
Caregivers’ mutuality, education, full employment or being retired, monthly income, having a co-carer, and having a father as the care receiver were significantly positively associated with caregivers’ perceived social support. However, mutuality was not significantly associated with caregivers’ perceived social support after the other factors were adjusted.

Conclusions/Implications for Practice:
Adult child caregivers with higher levels of mutuality, education, or monthly income; who are fully employed or are retired; who have a co-carer; or who are caring for a father perceived more social support. Nursing strategies and social policies need to be directed to enhance caregiver mutuality and support caregiving efforts.
Career Obstacles Faced by Female Nurse Academicians in Turkey
Authors: Alaçam Burcu , Altuntaş Serap 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Background:
Most academicians in the nursing field are women, and they face many difficulties throughout the course of their careers for various reasons.

Purpose:
This study aims to determine the career difficulties faced by female academicians in the nursing field.

Methods:
This study is descriptive, sectional, and comparative. The study was conducted in cooperation with female academicians in the nursing field (n = 132) from 11 different nursing schools in Turkey’s Eastern Anatolia Region providing undergraduate education in nursing. Data were collected using the Female Academicians’ Career Obstacles Scale. Ethics committee and required official permissions were obtained from the relevant institutions. Data analysis was conducted in an electronic environment using SPSS for Windows 22.0 package software for statistics.

Results:
In terms of research outcomes, it was determined that the most significant obstacles reported by female academicians were “organizational culture and politics” (M = 43.92 ± 12.64) and “playing multiple roles” (M = 31.35 ± 10.15); the most insignificant obstacles were reported to be “organizational conditions” (M = 21.43 ± 7.06) and “stereotypical prejudices” (M = 20.44 ± 6.31). Other obstacles mentioned by the academicians were working as a research assistant with a bachelor’s degree, being married with children, studying with young and inexperienced academicians, and serving as department head.

Conclusions/Implications for Practice:
Organizational culture and politics in particular should be reviewed at educational institutions from the perspective of career obstacles, and these principles should be rearranged so that they constitute a supportive work environment.
The Mucosal Innate Immune Response in Primary Human Papillomavirus Infection: A Pilot Study
Authors: Gardella Barbara , Iacobone Anna Daniela , Musacchi Valentina , Calvino Isabel Giacoma , De Amici Mara , Torre Cristina , Bogliolo Stefano , Spinillo Arsenio 
Published: August 2016

Objectives
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the mucosal immune response in women affected by primary human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, in comparison with HPV-negative women with no previous history of HPV.

Methods
A case–control study comparing the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and lactoferrin (LF) between 19 HPV-positive and 19 HPV-negative women matched for age. Plasmatic and cervicovaginal levels of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) exhibiting MPO and LF receptors were measured using cytofluorimetric analysis and expressed as mean of percentages.

Results
Cervicovaginal levels of MPO-/LF- PMN were lower among HPV-negative women, with a mean rate of 18.81% (SD, 21.38), as opposed to a mean rate of 35.56% (SD, 21.02) (P = 0.020) in HPV-positive women. A similar significant difference was not proven in plasma. The mean rates of plasmatic levels of MPO-/LF- PMN were 36.21% (SD, 16.87) and 36.93% (SD, 10.54) (P = 0.875) in cases and controls, respectively. All patients were evaluated 1 year later, and only 6 cases became negative.

Conclusions
The presence of MPO-/LF- PMN has been considered as a marker of lower rate of apoptosis of HPV-infected cells. This could explain why HPV-positive women are less capable to deal with a primary infection.
A 1-year prospective study of the effect of infliximab on bone metabolism in inflammatory bowel disease patients
Authors: Veerappan Sundaram G. , Healy Martin , Walsh Bernard , O’Morain Colm A. , Daly Jacqueline S. , Ryan Barbara M. 
Published: August 2016

Objectives
Infliximab (IFX) treatment has shown potentially beneficial effects on bone metabolism in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. We aimed to prospectively evaluate the impact of IFX treatment on bone metabolism in antitumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α-naive IBD patients using established bone metabolism markers and an in-vitro osteoblast model.

Materials and methods
A total of 37 anti-TNFα-naive IBD patients and 20 healthy controls were included. All measurements were performed at baseline and repeated in IBD patients following IFX therapy. Bone mineral density was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, osteoprotegerin, soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor B ligand and proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were measured. Bone formation was measured using osteocalcin (OC) and procollagen type 1N propeptide, and bone resorption was measured using serum type 1 collage c-telopeptide. The effect of control and IBD patient sera on human osteoblast viability and differentiation was analysed.

Results
OC level was higher in controls than IBD patients (P=0.018). After IFX, OC and procollagen type 1N propeptide increased significantly (P=0.002 and 0.011) and (P<0.001 and P=0.016) at weeks 6 and 30 after treatment, respectively. There was a nonsignificant decrease in serum type 1 collage c-telopeptide. After IFX therapy, proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-13 decreased significantly (P=0.016, week 54; P=0.005, week 6 and P=0.025, week 6), respectively. Sera from IBD patients before IFX showed increased osteoblast viability compared with the controls (P=0.003 to P<0.005), but induced reduced osteoblast differentiation. After IFX, viability reduced to control levels, but osteoblast differentiation increased (P=0.041).

Conclusion
IFX treatment induced beneficial effects on bone metabolism. Osteoblast culture results suggest that IBD patients may have increased osteoblast viability, but reduced differentiation, which has implications for bone strength.
Effectiveness of Pay-for-Performance Incentive Designs on Diabetes Care
Authors: Hsieh Hui-Min , Shin Shyi-Jang , Tsai Shu-Ling , Chiu Herng-Chia 
Published: August 2016

Background:
Taiwan’s National Health Insurance program implemented a pay-for-performance (P4P) program based on process measures in 2001. In late 2006, the P4P was revised to also include achievement of outcome measures.

Objectives:
This study examined whether a change in P4P incentive design structure affected diabetes outcomes.

Research Design and Method:
We used a longitudinal cohort study design using 2 population-based databases. Newly enrolled P4P patients with diabetes in 2002–2003 (phase 1) and 2007–2008 (phase 2) made up the study cohorts. Propensity score matching was used to match comparable cohorts in each phase. In total, 46,286 matched cohorts in phase 1 and 2 were analyzed. Process measures were defined as the provision of tests of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood pressure, and outcome measures as changes in those values between baseline and last follow-up within 3 years. Patient-level generalized linear regression models were used and patient characteristics, physician characteristics, and health care facility characteristics were adjusted for.

Results:
Our results indicated that the process measures of HbA1c and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol tests did not differ significantly between the 2 phases. In addition, better improvements were noted in outcome measures for the phase 2 patients (ie, HbA1c level and lipid profiles), whereas nonincentivized intermediate measures (eg, blood pressure) showed no negative unintended consequences.

Conclusions:
Quality of care tended to be better when both process and targeted outcome measures were combined as quality metrics in the P4P program in Taiwan.
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for sickle cell disease
Authors: Robinson Tara M. , Fuchs Ephraim J. 
Published: August 2016

Purpose of review
As the safety and availability of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) have improved, this procedure is becoming a viable option for nonmalignant conditions such as sickle cell disease (SCD). There are very few treatment options available for SCD, and even with optimal care SCD patients still suffer from a myriad of comorbidities to multiple organ systems and have a decreased life span. In this review, we will summarize results from trials of HSCT for children or adults with SCD using a variety of graft sources as well as conditioning and graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis regimens, and discuss the unique challenges that arise in these patients.

Recent findings
AlloHSCT for SCD has been performed on small numbers of patients at multiple centers around the world using several different transplant platforms, and early outcomes are encouraging. Overall survival is excellent, although graft failure remains a challenge.

Summary
As alloHSCT becomes safer and more widely available, the procedure should be considered for patients with severe disease phenotypes in whom the potential benefits of transplantation outweigh the complications from the disease. AlloHSCT has been shown to reverse or at least halt the progression of end-organ damage secondary to SCD. More research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying graft failure in SCD recipients, as well as to understand the biopsychosocial underpinnings of persistent pain in the posttransplant period to maximize the benefit from the transplant procedure.
Reading disorders and dyslexia
Authors: Hulme Charles , Snowling Margaret J. 
Published: August 2016

Purpose of review
We review current knowledge about the nature of reading development and disorders, distinguishing between the processes involved in learning to decode print, and the processes involved in reading comprehension.

Recent findings
Children with decoding difficulties/dyslexia experience deficits in phoneme awareness, letter-sound knowledge and rapid automatized naming in the preschool years and beyond. These phonological/language difficulties appear to be proximal causes of the problems in learning to decode print in dyslexia. We review data from a prospective study of children at high risk of dyslexia to show that being at family risk of dyslexia is a primary risk factor for poor reading and children with persistent language difficulties at school entry are more likely to develop reading problems. Early oral language difficulties are strong predictors of later difficulties in reading comprehension.

Summary
There are two distinct forms of reading disorder in children: dyslexia (a difficulty in learning to translate print into speech) and reading comprehension impairment. Both forms of reading problem appear to be predominantly caused by deficits in underlying oral language skills. Implications for screening and for the delivery of robust interventions for language and reading are discussed.
From Hospital to Ambulatory Care
Authors: Negley Kristin D. , Cordes Mary E. , Evenson Laura K. , Schad Shauna P. 
Published: August 2016

Purpose/Objectives:
This article describes how a large healthcare organization expanded the practice of clinical nurse specialists from the hospital to the ambulatory setting.

Background:
Clinical nurse specialist practice traditionally focused on actualizing the 3 spheres of influence (patient, nurse, and organization) in the hospital setting.

Rationale:
Changes in the healthcare system shifting patient care to the ambulatory setting created opportunities for clinical nurse specialists to improve patient outcomes in this setting.

Description:
An innovation framework from the Mayo Clinic Center for Innovation based on inspiration, generation of ideas, experimenting, and diffusion was used to assess and prioritize the work of clinical nurse specialists in the ambulatory setting.

Outcomes:
Clinical nurse specialists became integral members of hospital and ambulatory nursing leadership. In the ambulatory setting, they are partnering to standardize patient care, providing tools for nurses to practice to full scope, and identifying and providing solutions for patient safety issues.

Conclusion:
Aligning clinical nurse specialists in the hospital and ambulatory care settings allows partnership with multidisciplinary teams to ensure that evidence-based practices and standardized care are infused across the continuum of care.

Implications:
Evidence-based practices and standardized care encourage nurses to practice to full scope and focus on improved patient outcomes.
Two Hours of Teamwork Training Improves Teamwork in Simulated Cardiopulmonary Arrest Events
Authors: Mahramus Tara L. , Penoyer Daleen A. , Waterval Eugene M.E. , Sole Mary L. , Bowe Eileen M. 
Published: August 2016

Purpose/Aim:
Teamwork during cardiopulmonary arrest events is important for resuscitation. Teamwork improvement programs are usually lengthy. This study assessed the effectiveness of a 2-hour teamwork training program.

Design:
A prospective, pretest/posttest, quasi-experimental design assessed the teamwork training program targeted to resident physicians, nurses, and respiratory therapists.

Methods:
Participants took part in a simulated cardiac arrest. After the simulation, participants and trained observers assessed perceptions of teamwork using the Team Emergency Assessment Measure (TEAM) tool (ratings of 0 [low] to 4 [high]). A debriefing and 45 minutes of teamwork education followed. Participants then took part in a second simulated cardiac arrest scenario. Afterward, participants and observers assessed teamwork.

Results:
Seventy-three team members participated—resident physicians (25%), registered nurses (32%), and respiratory therapists (41%). The physicians had significantly less experience on code teams (P < .001). Baseline teamwork scores were 2.57 to 2.72. Participants’ mean (SD) scores on the TEAM tool for the first and second simulations were 3.2 (0.5) and 3.7 (0.4), respectively (P < .001). Observers’ mean (SD) TEAM scores for the first and second simulations were 3.0 (0.5) and 3.7 (0.3), respectively (P < .001). Program evaluations by participants were positive.

Conclusions:
A 2-hour simulation-based teamwork educational intervention resulted in improved perceptions of teamwork behaviors. Participants reported interactions with other disciplines, teamwork behavior education, and debriefing sessions were beneficial for enhancing the program.