bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward Precision Medicine: TBC1D4 Disruption Is Common Among the Inuit and Leads to Underdiagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Manousaki Despoina , Kent Jack W. , Haack Karin , Zhou Sirui , Xie Pingxing , Greenwood Celia M. , Brassard Paul , Newman Deborah E. , Cole Shelley , Umans Jason G. , Rouleau Guy , Comuzzie Anthony G. , Richards J. Brent 
Published: August 2016

OBJECTIVE
A common nonsense mutation in TBC1D4 was recently found to substantially increase the odds of type 2 diabetes in Greenlandic Inuit, leading to exclusively increased postprandial glucose. We investigated the frequency and effect of the TBC1D4 mutation on glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes diagnosis among Canadian and Alaskan Inuit.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Exome sequencing of the TBC1D4 variant was performed in 114 Inuit from Nunavik, Canada, and Sanger sequencing was undertaken in 1,027 Alaskan Inuit from the Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in Alaskan Natives (GOCADAN) Study. Association testing evaluated the effect of the TBC1D4 variant on diabetes-related metabolic traits and diagnosis.

RESULTS
The TBC1D4 mutation was present in 27% of Canadian and Alaskan Inuit. It was strongly associated with higher glucose (effect size +3.3 mmol/L; P = 2.5 x 10−6) and insulin (effect size +175 pmol/L; P = 0.04) 2 h after an oral glucose load in homozygote carriers. TBC1D4 carriers with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes had an increased risk of remaining undiagnosed unless postprandial glucose values were tested (odds ratio 5.4 [95% CI 2.5–12]) compared with noncarriers. Of carriers with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes, 32% would remain undiagnosed without an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

CONCLUSIONS
Disruption of TBC1D4 is common among North American Inuit, resulting in exclusively elevated postprandial glucose. This leads to underdiagnosis of type 2 diabetes, unless an OGTT is performed. Accounting for genetic factors in the care of Inuit with diabetes provides an opportunity to implement precision medicine in this population.
Medical Care Costs Associated With Long-term Weight Maintenance Versus Weight Gain Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Nichols Gregory A. , Bell Kelly , Kimes Teresa M. , O’Keeffe-Rosetti Maureen 
Published: August 2016

OBJECTIVE
Weight loss is recommended for overweight patients with diabetes but avoidance of weight gain may be a more realistic goal. We calculated the 4-year economic impact of maintaining body weight versus gaining weight.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Among 8,154 patients with type 2 diabetes, we calculated weight change as the difference between the first body weight measure in 2010 and the last measure in 2013 and calculated mean glycated hemoglobin (A1C) from all measurements from 2010 to 2013. We created four analysis groups: weight change &lt;5% and A1C &lt;7%; weight gain ≥5% and A1C &lt;7%; weight change &lt;5% and A1C ≥7%; and weight gain ≥5% and A1C ≥7%. We compared change in medical costs between 2010 and 2013, adjusted for demographic and clinical characteristics.

RESULTS
Patients who maintained weight within 5% of baseline experienced a reduction in costs of about $400 regardless of A1C. In contrast, patients who gained ≥5% of baseline weight and had mean A1C ≥7% had an increase in costs of $1,473 (P &lt; 0.001). Those who gained &gt;5% of their baseline weight with mean A1C &lt;7% had a modest increase in costs ($387, NS).

CONCLUSIONS
Patients who gained at least 5% of their baseline body weight and did not maintain A1C &lt;7% over 4 years experienced a 14% increase in medical costs, whereas those who maintained good glycemic control had a mean cost increase of 3.3%. However, patients who maintained weight within 5% of baseline had costs that were ∼5% lower than baseline. Avoidance of weight gain may reduce costs in the long-term.
Estimation of physical and mechanical properties of cohesive soil stabilized by hydratized lime addition
Authors: Sas Wojciech , Głuchowski Andrzej , Margielski Jarosław 
Published: August 2016

AbstractEstimation of physical and mechanical properties of cohesive soil stabilized by hydratized lime addition. Process of chemical stabilization of cohesive soils influences its mechanical properties, also in the case of soil cohesion. Road constructions consist of few layers which have various mechanical properties and this creates the need for better understanding the impact of chemical stabilization on soil as a layer of road. For the purposes of this article, tests were carried out in order to establish physical and mechanical properties, especially the penetrating resistance CBR test. The main aim of this paper was to estimate the cohesion of the soil, which was sandy-silty clay stabilized with hydrated lime
Influence of the rotation of principal stress directions on undrained shear strength
Authors: Wrzesiński Grzegorz , Lechowicz Zbigniew 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Influence of the rotation of principal stress directions on undrained shear strength. The paper presents the results of research on natural cohesive soil carried out in the Hollow Cylinder Apparatus (HCA). The main goal of this study was to determine the values of undrained shear strength at different angle of the rotation of principal stress directions. The research were carried out with anisotropic consolidation and shearing in undrained conditions (CAU) on cohesive soil with overconsolidation ratio (OCR) equals 4 and plasticity index (Ip) about 77%. The results of laboratory tests allow to assess the influence of the rotation of principal stress directions on undrained shear strength
Laboratory assessment of permeability of sand and biopolymer mixtures
Authors: Wiszniewski Mateusz , Skutnik Zdzislaw , Cabalar Ali Firat 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Laboratory assessment of permeability of sand and biopolymer mixtures. This research presents a method of creating seepage barriers in a sandy soil using biopolymer additives (biosubstance), which consist of polysaccharides and water. Polysaccharides strongly interact with water to produce a viscous suspension. The paper aims to investigate the influence of a biosubstance employed in a highly permeable sandy soil. Amount of the biopolymer used in a sample were 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%, by dry weight. The test results indicate that the hydraulic conductivity significantly decrease with the amount of biosubstance added but only slightly increase when curing time gets longer. It is thought that such application, which is a relatively new soil improvement technique, could be used as a seepage barrier installation required to protect some geotechnical works including foundation, underground structures and waste disposals
Effects of road traffic on the ambient concentrations of three PM fractions and their main components in a large Upper Silesian city
Authors: Rogula-Kozłowska Wioletta , Rogula-Kupiec Patrycja , Mathews Barbara , Klejnowski Krzysztof 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Effects of road traffic on the ambient concentrations of three PM fractions and their main components in a large Upper Silesian city. The study concerns the assessment of the traffic influence on the concentrations of three particulate matter (PM) fractions and their basic components. The PM samples were collected simultaneously at two receptors in Katowice. The measurement sites represented the so-called urban background and traffic points. The contents of the organic and elementary carbon as well as water- -soluble ions were determined in the samples. It has been observed that the traffic (car engines) pollution emissions enrich the submicron and fine PM particles with the elementary carbon at a typical urban background in southern Poland. On the other hand, the influence of the re-suspension of the road and soil dust, caused by traffic, on the concentrations and chemical composition is observed for the coarse PM fraction.
Combined preoperative traction with instrumented posterior occipitocervical fusion for severe ventral brainstem compression secondary to displaced os odontoideum: technical report of 2 cases
Authors: Abd-El-Barr Muhammad M. , Snyder Brian D. , Emans John B. , Proctor Mark R. , Hedequist Daniel 
Published: August 2016

Severe os odontoideum causing ventral brainstem compression is a rare and difficult entity to treat. It is generally accepted that severe os odontoideum causing ventral brainstem compression and neurological deficits warrants surgical treatment. This often requires both anterior and posterior procedures. Anterior approaches to the craniocervical junction are fraught with complications, including infection and risk of injury to neurovascular structures. External traction systems traditionally require long-term bedrest.
The authors report 2 cases of severe ventral brainstem compression secondary to displaced os odontoideum and describe their use of extended preoperative halo vest traction to reduce the severe kyphosis and improve neurological function, followed by posterior occipitocervical fusion. Postoperatively both patients showed remarkable improvements in their neurological function and kyphotic deformity.
Preoperative halo vest traction combined with posterior occipitocervical fusion appears to be a safe and effective method to treat brainstem compression by severe os odontoideum. It allows for adequate decompression of ventral neural structures and improvement of neurological function, but it is not hindered by the risks of anterior surgical approaches and does not restrict patients to strict bedrest as traditional traction systems. This method of halo vest traction and posterior-only approaches may be transferable to other cervical instability issues with both anterior and posterior pathologies.
Functional connectivity networks for preoperative brain mapping in neurosurgery
Authors: Hart Michael G. , Price Stephen J. , Suckling John 
Published: August 2016

OBJECTIVEResection of focal brain lesions involves maximizing the resection while preserving brain function. Mapping brain function has entered a new era focusing on distributed connectivity networks at “rest,” that is, in the absence of a specific task or stimulus, requiring minimal participant engagement. Central to this frame shift has been the development of methods for the rapid assessment of whole-brain connectivity with functional MRI (fMRI) involving blood oxygenation level–dependent imaging. The authors appraised the feasibility of fMRI-based mapping of a repertoire of functional connectivity networks in neurosurgical patients with focal lesions and the potential benefits of resting-state connectivity mapping for surgical planning.METHODSResting-state fMRI sequences with a 3-T scanner and multiecho echo-planar imaging coupled to independent component analysis were acquired preoperatively from 5 study participants who had a right temporoparietooccipital glioblastoma. Seed-based functional connectivity analysis was performed with InstaCorr. Network identification focused on 7 major functional connectivity networks described in the literature and a putative language network centered on Broca's area.RESULTSAll 8 functional connectivity networks were identified in each participant. Tumor-related topological changes to the default mode network were observed in all participants. In addition, each participant had at least 1 other abnormal network, and each network was abnormal in at least 1 participant. Individual patterns of network irregularities were identified with a qualitative approach and included local displacement due to mass effect, loss of a functional network component, and recruitment of new regions.CONCLUSIONSResting-state fMRI can reliably and rapidly detect common functional connectivity networks in patients with glioblastoma and also has sufficient sensitivity for identifying patterns of network alterations. Mapping of functional connectivity networks offers the possibility to expand investigations to less commonly explored neuropsychological processes, such as executive control, attention, and salience. Changes in these networks may allow insights into mechanisms underlying the functional consequences of tumor growth, surgical intervention, and patient rehabilitation.
Patient and operative factors associated with complications following adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgery: an analysis of 36,335 patients from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample
Authors: De la Garza Ramos Rafael , Goodwin C. Rory , Abu-Bonsrah Nancy , Jain Amit , Miller Emily K. , Huang Nicole , Kebaish Khaled M. , Sponseller Paul D. , Sciubba Daniel M. 
Published: August 2016

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of and factors associated with complications following idiopathic scoliosis surgery in adolescents.

METHODS
The Nationwide Inpatient Sample database was used to identify patients 10–18 years of age who had undergone spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) from 2002 to 2011. Twenty-three unique in-hospital postoperative complications, including death, were examined. A series of logistic regressions was used to determine if any demographic, comorbid, or surgical parameter was associated with complication development. Results of multiple logistic regression analyses were reported as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. All analyses were performed after the application of discharge weights to produce national estimates.

RESULTS
A total of 36,335 patients met the study inclusion criteria, 7.6% of whom (95% CI 6.3%–8.9%) developed at least one in-hospital complication. The 3 most common complications were respiratory failure (3.47%), reintubation (1.27%), and implant related (1.14%). Major complications such as death, pancreatitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, visual loss, spinal cord injury, cardiac arrest, sepsis, nerve root injury, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, shock, malignant hyperthermia, myocardial infarction, and iatrogenic stroke each had an incidence ≤ 0.2%. On multiple logistic regression analysis, an increasing age (OR 0.80) was associated with significantly lower odds of complication development; patients who were male (OR 1.80) or who had anemia (OR 2.10), hypertension (OR 2.51), or hypothyroidism (OR 2.27) or underwent revision procedures (OR 5.55) were at a significantly increased risk for complication development. The rates of postoperative complications for posterior, anterior, and combined approaches were 6.7%, 10.0%, and 19.8%, respectively (p < 0.001). Length of fusion (< 8 vs ≥ 8 levels) was not associated with complication development (p = 0.311).

CONCLUSIONS
Analysis of 36,335 patients who had undergone surgery for AIS revealed that younger patients, male patients, patients with a history of anemia, hypertension, or hypothyroidism, as well as those undergoing revision or anterior or combined approaches may have higher rates of postoperative complications. However, the overall complication rate was low (7.6%), and major complications had a rate ≤ 0.2% for each event. These findings suggest that surgery for AIS remains relatively safe, and future prospective investigations may further help to decrease the postoperative morbidity rate.
Host sanctions in Panamanian Ficus are likely based on selective resource allocation
Authors: Jandér K. Charlotte , Herre Edward Allen 
Published: August 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Fig trees and their pollinators, fig wasps, present a powerful model system for studying mutualism stability: both partners depend on each other for reproduction, cooperation levels can be manipulated, and the resulting field‐based fitness quantified. Previous work has shown that fig trees can severely reduce the fitness of wasps that do not pollinate by aborting unpollinated figs or reducing the number and size of wasp offspring. Here we evaluated four hypotheses regarding the mechanism of sanctions in four Panamanian fig species.METHODS:We examined wasp and fig samples from field experiments with manipulated levels of pollination.KEY RESULTS:In unpollinated figs, the fig wall and the wasp offspring had a lower dry mass. Unpollinated figs had as many initiated wasp galls as pollinated figs but fewer galls that successfully produced live wasp offspring. Across three experimentally increasing levels of pollination, we found nonlinear increases in fig wall mass, the proportion of wasp galls that develop, and wasp mass.CONCLUSIONS:Our data did not support the hypotheses that lack of pollination prevents gall formation or that fertilized endosperm is required for wasp development. While our data are potentially consistent with the hypothesis that trees produce a wasp‐specific toxin in response to lack of pollination, we found the hypothesis that sanctions are a consequence of trees allocating more resources to better‐pollinated figs more parsimonious with the aggregate data. Our findings are completely analogous to the selective resource allocation to more beneficial tissues documented in other mutualistic systems.
HIGH-ENERGY NEUTRINOS FROM SOURCES IN CLUSTERS OF GALAXIES
Authors: Fang Ke , Olinto Angela V. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
High-energy cosmic rays can be accelerated in clusters of galaxies, by mega-parsec scale shocks induced by the accretion of gas during the formation of large-scale structures, or by powerful sources harbored in clusters. Once accelerated, the highest energy particles leave the cluster via almost rectilinear trajectories, while lower energy ones can be confined by the cluster magnetic field up to cosmological time and interact with the intracluster gas. Using a realistic model of the baryon distribution and the turbulent magnetic field in clusters, we studied the propagation and hadronic interaction of high-energy protons in the intracluster medium. We report the cumulative cosmic-ray and neutrino spectra generated by galaxy clusters, including embedded sources, and demonstrate that clusters can contribute a significant fraction of the observed IceCube neutrinos above 30 TeV while remaining undetected in high-energy cosmic rays and γ rays for reasonable choices of parameters and source scenarios.
A MODEL FOR (QUASI-)PERIODIC MULTIWAVELENGTH PHOTOMETRIC VARIABILITY IN YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS
Authors: Kesseli Aurora Y. , Petkova Maya A. , Wood Kenneth , Whitney Barbara A. , Hillenbrand L. A. , Gregory Scott G. , Stauffer J. R. , Morales-Calderon M. , Rebull L. , Alencar S. H. P. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
We present radiation transfer models of rotating young stellar objects (YSOs) with hot spots in their atmospheres, inner disk warps, and other three-dimensional effects in the nearby circumstellar environment. Our models are based on the geometry expected from magneto-accretion theory, where material moving inward in the disk flows along magnetic field lines to the star and creates stellar hot spots upon impact. Due to rotation of the star and magnetosphere, the disk is variably illuminated. We compare our model light curves to data from the Spitzer YSOVAR project to determine if these processes can explain the variability observed at optical and mid-infrared wavelengths in young stars. We focus on those variables exhibiting “dipper” behavior that may be periodic, quasi-periodic, or aperiodic. We find that the stellar hot-spot size and temperature affects the optical and near-infrared light curves, while the shape and vertical extent of the inner disk warp affects the mid-IR light curve variations. Clumpy disk distributions with non-uniform fractal density structure produce more stochastic light curves. We conclude that magneto-accretion theory is consistent with certain aspects of the multiwavelength photometric variability exhibited by low-mass YSOs. More detailed modeling of individual sources can be used to better determine the stellar hot-spot and inner disk geometries of particular sources.
<b>Práticas alimentares para crianças expostas ao HIV: revisão integrativa da literatura/Food practice for children exposed to HIV: integrative review of literature<b>
Authors: Dos Santos Juliana Pereira Goularte Gomes , Antunes Bibiana Sales , Rodrigues Andressa Peripolli , Padoin Stela Maris De Mello , De Paula Cristiane Cardoso , Kleinubing Raquel Einloft 
Published: August 2016

Objetivou-se analisar as evidências a respeito das práticas alimentares para crianças expostas ao Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV). Trata-se de um estudo de revisão integrativa desenvolvido nas bases de dados LILACS, PUBMED e SCOPUS. O levantamento dos estudos ocorreu em janeiro de 2014. As produções demonstraram a existência de três tipos de alimentação predominante em crianças expostas ao HIV: aleitamento materno, aleitamento artificial e alimentação básica da família. As práticas alimentares de crianças expostas ao HIV não correspondem às práticas preconizadas nacionalmente. É necessário instituir um aconselhamento alimentar pela equipe de saúde, como também um planejamento alimentar adequado, inclusão das crianças nas consultas de puericultura e acesso às fórmulas infantis.
<b>Caracterização e organização da enfermagem do hospital alemão Oswaldo Cruz no contexto da II guerra/ Characterization and organization of hospital alemão Oswaldo Cruz nursing in II World War context<b>
Authors: Berlofi Luciana Mendes , Sanna Maria Cristina 
Published: August 2016

Trata-se de um estudo documental com abordagem histórico-social com objetivo de analisar a composição e a estruturação da Enfermagem do Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz (HAOC) entre 1941 e 1945. Foram utilizadas duas fontes documentais: “Livro de Registro de Empregados” e “Fichas Profissionais de Registro de Empregados”. Antes de serem correlacionados, os dados de cada fonte foram estudados separadamente. Os dados dos livros foram copiados eletrostaticamente, certificados, transcritos, organizados em planilha Excel®, para então serem analisados quantitativamente e qualitativamente sob o contexto histórico, social, econômico e político. A pesquisa revelou que, desde a década de 1940, essa instituição utilizava de ferramentas de gestão de recursos humanos para controlar headcount e folha de pagamento. Existia divisão formal e hierárquica do trabalho. A força de trabalho de enfermagem era composta por 16 diferentes cargos subdivididos em três segmentos (líderes, graduados, não graduados) atuantes em nível estratégico, tático e operacional. Concluiu-se, que, já da década de 1940, a organização dos profissionais da Enfermagem, sustentada pelo modelo assistencial e de gestão, possibilitou, ao HAOC, ser considerado uma instituição modelo-referência.