bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is questionnaire-based sitting time inaccurate and can it be improved? A cross-sectional investigation using accelerometer-based sitting time
Authors: Gupta Nidhi , Christiansen Caroline Stordal , Hanisch Christiana , Bay Hans , Burr Hermann , Holtermann Andreas 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesTo investigate the differences between a questionnaire-based and accelerometer-based sitting time, and develop a model for improving the accuracy of questionnaire-based sitting time for predicting accelerometer-based sitting time.Methods183 workers in a cross-sectional study reported sitting time per day using a single question during the measurement period, and wore 2 Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometers on the thigh and trunk for 1–4 working days to determine their actual sitting time per day using the validated Acti4 software. Least squares regression models were fitted with questionnaire-based siting time and other self-reported predictors to predict accelerometer-based sitting time.ResultsQuestionnaire-based and accelerometer-based average sitting times were ≈272 and ≈476 min/day, respectively. A low Pearson correlation (r=0.32), high mean bias (204.1 min) and wide limits of agreement (549.8 to −139.7 min) between questionnaire-based and accelerometer-based sitting time were found. The prediction model based on questionnaire-based sitting explained 10% of the variance in accelerometer-based sitting time. Inclusion of 9 self-reported predictors in the model increased the explained variance to 41%, with 10%optimismusing a resampling bootstrap validation. Based on a split validation analysis, the developed prediction model on ≈75% of the workers (n=132) reduced the mean and the SD of the difference between questionnaire-based and accelerometer-based sitting time by 64% and 42%, respectively, in the remaining 25% of the workers.ConclusionsThis study indicates that questionnaire-based sitting time has low validity and that a prediction model can be one solution to materially improve the precision of questionnaire-based sitting time.
21st century medical education: critical decision-making guidance through smartphone/tablet applications—the Lothian pilot
Authors: Prescott Oliver , Millar Eoghan , Nimmo Graham , Wales Ann , Edgar Simon 
Published: January 2017

IntroductionIn starting a new clinical placement, doctors in training must become aware of and apply standard operating procedures, as well as learn guidelines, simultaneously adjusting to new patient presentations, environments and personnel. This transition is thought to correlate with increased risk to patient safety, notably during the annual UK changeover. Mobile technologies are increasingly commonplace throughout the National Health Service. Clinicians at all levels are employing medical technology and applications (apps) with minimal local guidance. We set out to test the feasibility and utility of offering medical apps to out-of-hours (OOH) practitioners as an aid to clinical decision-making at point of patient contact. The theorised benefits were threefold: clinical education—real time support for clinical decision-making as one component of deliberate practice to build expert performance; decreased administrative burden–updating and accessing current guidelines; and service development—readily accessible feedback from users.MethodWe provided 32 devices in our emergency departments and OOH environments. The devices were preloaded with apps approved by our medical education department and clinical service leads to be used in support of care delivery.ResultsWe surveyed 123 clinical staff prior to the pilot discovering that 65% had used mobile apps to aid their decision-making. During our project, we saw the number of clinical users expand with our data series, suggesting the apps most useful to care delivery for this group of service providers.Future developmentsThere was huge enthusiasm for the project and we hope to maintain a clinician-led environment.
Small nonassociative corrections to the SUSY generators and cosmological constant
Authors: Dzhunushaliev Vladimir 
Published: January 2017

Small nonassociative corrections for the SUSY operators [Formula: see text] are considered. The smallness is controlled by the ratio of the Planck length and a characteristic length [Formula: see text]. Corresponding corrections of the momentum operator arising from the anticommutator of the SUSY operators are considered. The momentum operator corrections are defined via the anticommutator of the unperturbed SUSY operators [Formula: see text] and nonassociative corrections [Formula: see text]. Choosing different anticommutators, one can obtain either a modified or [Formula: see text]-deformed commutator of position [Formula: see text] and momentum operators [Formula: see text].
Lateral accretion in a straight slope channel system: an example from the Forties Sandstone of the Huntington Field, UK Central North Sea
Authors: Edwards Chris , McQuaid Sean , Easton Stewart , Scott Don , Couch Andrew , Evans Ron , Hart Stephen 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
A rich dataset of core, well logs and 3D seismic data has been integrated to establish a depositional hierarchy of a Paleocene-aged, Forties slope channel system of the Huntington Field, Block 22/14b of the Central North Sea. The reservoir consists of a mix of high-concentration turbidites and muddy and sandy debrites deposited as a series of laterally offset, slope channel fills. Seismic data reveal that the channels were remarkably straight and devoid of meander bends, more commonly associated with sinuous slope channel networks. Paradoxically, the internal offlapping architecture draws close comparisons with lateral accretion packages that are widely accepted to be the products of secondary flow circulation around sinuous channel bends. The straight nature of the Huntington channels precludes such an interpretation but can be explained as a consequence of Coriolis effects acting upon suspension-dominated flows in Northern Hemisphere high latitudes, resulting in the preferential accretion of sediment along the right-hand bank (when viewed downstream) and leading to the eventual lateral avulsion of the channel. The observed architecture has been incorporated into a reservoir model in order to characterize the static connectivity of the field that will in turn serve as a basis for understanding production behaviour.
Automated extraction of business documentation in enterprise information systems
Authors: Cemus Karel , Cerny Tomas 
Published: January 2017

Extracting business documentation from ever-evolving information systems is a challenging task that requires a lot of effort, focus and technical expertise. Such a documentation provides a detailed overview of the system, lists domain model, operations, pre and post-conditions that impact the business flow. While all this information is captured by a particular software system, domain experts interested in such knowledge have limited access to it, either due to the lack of technical and programming expertise, or because the knowledge tangles throughout the entire system.
This paper introduces a novel approach in aspect-driven information systems enabling automated extraction of business documentation and its transformation to various perspectives allowing domain experts to acquire needed and up-to-date information and knowledge. Moreover, our approach makes it possible to transform system business rules into a formal language description verifiable by checkers validating the feasibility of business operations. We demonstrate the approach in a case study indicating its benefits.
Persistence of Cardiac Remodeling in Preadolescents With Fetal Growth Restriction
Authors: Sarvari Sebastian Imre , Rodriguez-Lopez Merida , Nuñez-Garcia Marta , Sitges Marta , Sepulveda-Martinez Alvaro , Camara Oscar , Butakoff Constantine , Gratacos Eduard , Bijnens Bart , Crispi Fatima 
Published: January 2017

Background—
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) affects 5% to 10% of newborns and is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in adulthood. We evaluated whether prenatal cardiovascular changes previously demonstrated in FGR persist into preadolescence.

Methods and Results—

A cohort study of 58 FGR (defined as birth weight below 10th centile) and 94 normally grown fetuses identified in utero and followed-up into preadolescence (8–12 years of age) by echocardiography and 3-dimensional shape computational analysis. Compared with controls, FGR preadolescents had a different cardiac shape, with more spherical and smaller hearts. Left ventricular ejection fraction was similar among groups, whereas FGR had decreased longitudinal motion (decreased mitral annular systolic peak velocities: control median, 0.11 m/s [interquartile range, 0.09–0.12] versus FGR median 0.09 m/s [interquartile range, 0.09–0.10];
P
<0.01) and impaired relaxation (isovolumic relaxation time: control, 0.21 ms [interquartile range, 0.12–0.35] versus FGR, 0.35 ms [interquartile range, 0.20–0.46];
P
=0.04). Global longitudinal strain was decreased (control mean, −22.4% [SD, 1.37] versus FGR mean, −21.5% [SD, 1.16];
P
<0.001) compensated by an increased circumferential strain and with a higher prevalence of postsystolic shortening in FGR as compared with controls. These differences persisted after adjustment for parental ethnicity and smoking, prenatal glucocorticoid administration, preeclampsia, gestational age at delivery, days in intensive care unit, sex, age, and body surface area at evaluation.

Conclusions—
This study provides evidence that cardiac remodeling induced by FGR persists until preadolescence with findings similar to those reported in their prenatal life and childhood. The findings support the hypothesis of primary cardiac programming in FGR for explaining the association between low birth weight and cardiovascular risk in adulthood.
Efficacy and Safety of Smoking Cessation Interventions in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Suissa Karine , Larivière Jordan , Eisenberg Mark J. , Eberg Maria , Gore Genevieve C. , Grad Roland , Joseph Lawrence , Reynier Pauline M. , Filion Kristian B. 
Published: January 2017

Background—
Although the efficacy and safety of smoking cessation interventions are well established, their efficacy and safety in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) remain unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmacological and behavioral smoking cessation interventions in CVD patients via a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Methods and Results—
EMBASE, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, PubMed, and the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Specialized Register were searched for randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of smoking cessation pharmacotherapies and behavioral therapies in CVD patients. Outcomes of interest were smoking abstinence at 6 and 12 months, defined using the most rigorous criteria reported. Data were pooled across studies for direct comparisons using random-effects models. Network meta-analysis using a graph-theoretical approach was used to generate the indirect comparisons. Seven pharmacotherapy randomized controlled trials (n=2809) and 17 behavioral intervention randomized controlled trials (n=4666) met our inclusion criteria. Our network meta-analysis revealed that varenicline (relative risk [RR]: 2.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.34–5.21) and bupropion (RR: 1.42; 95% CI, 1.01–2.01) were associated with greater abstinence than placebo. The evidence about nicotine replacement therapies was inconclusive (RR: 1.22; 95% CI, 0.72–2.06). Telephone therapy (RR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.15–1.88) and individual counseling (RR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.17–2.28) were both more efficacious than usual care, whereas in-hospital behavioral interventions were not (RR: 1.05; 95% CI, 0.78–1.43).

Conclusions—
Our meta-analysis suggests varenicline and bupropion, as well as individual and telephone counseling, are efficacious for smoking cessation in CVD patients.
Multisensory Bayesian Inference Depends on Synapse Maturation during Training: Theoretical Analysis and Neural Modeling Implementation
Authors: Ursino Mauro , Cuppini Cristiano , Magosso Elisa 
Published: January 2017

Recent theoretical and experimental studies suggest that in multisensory conditions, the brain performs a near-optimal Bayesian estimate of external events, giving more weight to the more reliable stimuli. However, the neural mechanisms responsible for this behavior, and its progressive maturation in a multisensory environment, are still insufficiently understood. The aim of this letter is to analyze this problem with a neural network model of audiovisual integration, based on probabilistic population coding—the idea that a population of neurons can encode probability functions to perform Bayesian inference. The model consists of two chains of unisensory neurons (auditory and visual) topologically organized. They receive the corresponding input through a plastic receptive field and reciprocally exchange plastic cross-modal synapses, which encode the spatial co-occurrence of visual-auditory inputs. A third chain of multisensory neurons performs a simple sum of auditory and visual excitations. The work includes a theoretical part and a computer simulation study. We show how a simple rule for synapse learning (consisting of Hebbian reinforcement and a decay term) can be used during training to shrink the receptive fields and encode the unisensory likelihood functions. Hence, after training, each unisensory area realizes a maximum likelihood estimate of stimulus position (auditory or visual). In cross-modal conditions, the same learning rule can encode information on prior probability into the cross-modal synapses. Computer simulations confirm the theoretical results and show that the proposed network can realize a maximum likelihood estimate of auditory (or visual) positions in unimodal conditions and a Bayesian estimate, with moderate deviations from optimality, in cross-modal conditions. Furthermore, the model explains the ventriloquism illusion and, looking at the activity in the multimodal neurons, explains the automatic reweighting of auditory and visual inputs on a trial-by-trial basis, according to the reliability of the individual cues.
Experience of Financial Sector Reform in India
Authors: Nag Biswajit , Ray Prithwish 
Published: January 2017

As financial sector plays an important role in shaping up a country's economy, during the last decade and a half many developing countries have taken measures to reform their financial sectors so that it contributes immensely to their economy The present paper makes an attempt to analyse various aspects relating to reforms introduced in Indis s financial sector and compares them with the experience in some of the South East Asian economies such as Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia. This paper also tries to focus upon the underlining economic conditions which are essential for a country to fully liberalise its financial sector either in a rapid or in a phased manner. It also takes into account how regulation and competition can jointly play a crucial role in enhancing the growth of an economy.
Australia's Potential for Petroleum
Authors: Evans P. R. 
Published: January 2017

The viability and direction of future exploration for petroleum in Australia appear to have been set, particularly by the results of the petroleum industry's endeavours over the past four years. The limited local markets for the abundance of natural gas, with which Australian basins are characterised, will control the direction and rate of exploration for many years. Even so, the local markets for petroleum should provide a continued incentive to search for oil. The Gippsland Basin is at a mature stage of exploration, and a replacement for it is still required in order that Australia maintain its present position of supplying the bulk of its needs for crude oil into the 1990s. Sectors of the Timor Sea are the most likely areas of relatively untested continental shelf to produce the requisite large fields. The previously disregarded Mesozoic plays of the Eromanga Basin hold promise for continued small discoveries that cumulatively may provide a substantial contribution to the nation's needs. The Canning Basin is the most promising of the still generally non-productive basins, but realisation of its potential will be expensive.
Evidence of the Relation between Accounting for Equity Investments and Equity Valuation
Authors: Graham Roger C. , Lefanowicz Craig E. 
Published: January 2017

Income recognition events for equity investments reflect an investor's ability to influence the activities of an investee and therefore the timing of income realization to the investor. Investor firms with passive equity investments recognize investment income when investee dividends are declared, whereas investors with nonpassive equity investments recognize investment income as investee income is earned. To determine whether market participants associate investor income realization with the income recognition events, investor and investee security return correlations are examined around investee dividend and earnings announcements. The correlations suggest an association between passive and nonpassive investor valuation and investee dividend and earnings announcements that corresponds to the accounting income recognition procedures for equity investments. Analysis of the relative timing of investor and investee announcements indicates that the results are not due to a naive fixation on accounting revenue recognition events. Rather, the results suggest differences in the substance of the investor-investee relation between passive and nonpassive investments. The results are robust to alternative specifications and controls for relative investment size and industry affiliation.
Effect of Al2O3 and MoO3 Doping of Co3O4 Solid on its Surface and Catalytic Properties
Authors: El-Shobaky Gamil A. , Turky Abd. El-Mohsen M. 
Published: January 2017

Pure and doped Co3O4 samples were prepared by thermal decomposition at 500–1000°C of pure basic cobalt carbonate and of the basic carbonate treated with aluminium nitrate and ammonium molybdate. The amounts of dopants added were varied within the range 0.75–6 mol% Al2O3, and 0.025–6 mol% MoO3. The influence of this treatment on the specific surface areas and catalytic activities of the Co3O4 solids was investigated using nitrogen adsorption at −196°C and studies of the decomposition of H2O2 at 30–50°C. The results obtained revealed that doping of cobaltic oxide solids with either Al2O3 or MoO3, followed by calcination at 500°C and 700°C, resulted in a progressive increase in the BET surface areas. This increase was, however, more pronounced in the case of MoO3 doping. Calcination of the doped solids at 900°C led to an increase in the BET surface areas of the Al2O3-treated solids and to a small decrease in the specific surface areas of the MoO3-doped samples. Calcination of the variously doped solids at 500–900°C brought about a decrease in their catalytic activity to an extent proportional to the amount of dopant added. Thus, treatment of Co3O4 solids with 6 mol% Al2O3 followed by calcination at 500°C, 700°C and 900°C effected a decrease of 36.9, 42.8 and 67.5% in their activities (expressed as reaction rate constant per unit area) measured at 30°C. The decrease in the catalytic activity of Co3O4 solids due to MoO3 doping was greater than that effected by Al2O3 doping. The doping process did not change the mechanism of the catalytic reaction but effectively decreased the concentration of CO3+–CO2+ ion pairs acting as the active sites involved in the catalytic process.
Relationship between Shoulder Pain and Selected Variables in Patients with Hemiplegia
Authors: Bohannon Richard W 
Published: January 2017

This investigation was performed to clarify the relationship between six independent variable categories and shoulder pain (SP) in hemiplegia. In this study, 30 hemiplegic patients served as subjects. The Ritchie articular index was used to measure SP. The independent variables were age, body weight, time since onset of stroke, shoulder subluxation, range of shoulder external rotation, and plegic shoulder muscle group strength. Subluxation was judged by palpation. Range of shoulder external rotation was measured goniometrically. Strength of the shoulder internal and external rotator, abductor and extensor muscles was measured with a hand-held dynamometer and normalized against body weight. A strength balance ratio of the shoulder was also determined (external rotators + abductors/internal rotators + extensors). Variables were measured on admission and prior to discharge. Spearman correlations or chi-squares were determined between the initial and final measurements of the independent variables and SP. More than 80% of the patients had SP. Correlated significantly with SP at both assessments and across time were range of shoulder external rotation (−.574 to −.797), and strength of the shoulder external rotator (−.523 to −.583) and abductor (−.375 to −.519) muscles. Correlated significantly at one or more of the assessments were body weight, time since onset and the strength of the other muscle groups (including the strength ratio). Shoulder subluxation was not correlated with SP. Patients with greater weakness may be more prone to the development of pain because their muscles lack adequate strength to move the joint enough to prevent the development of adhesive capsulitis.
Victim Assistance in Police Stations on the Move*
Authors: Hauber Albert R. , Zandbergen Anke 
Published: January 2017

The increasing public as well as political concern for the plight of victims of crime prompted the police department of the city of The Hague, The Netherlands, to begin its own victim assistance scheme. In this way The Hague's police department illustrated its continuing awareness of the important tasks for the police in their dealings with victims, as has been shown in Dutch as well as in foreign research (Hogenhuis, 1988). This article concerns the evaluation of an experiment in decentralized victim assistance. Emphasis is placed on how police, volunteers and victims reacted to the new organization. Suggestions are included for future experiments of this nature.
Clinical Trial of the Hypotensive Combination : Dihydroergocristine, Clopamide and Reserpine. (A Multicentre Cooperative Double Blind Study)
Authors: Goto Y , Hagino K , Hara K 
Published: January 2017

A multiclinical cooperative clinical trial at three university clinics in Tokyo is described. The three components of an anti-hypertensive combination have been compared with placebo in double blind fashion alone and in the possible combinations. [Formula: see text] The patients were treated with flexible doses during four weeks (max dose 3 caps/day). For statistical evaluation 159 patients were available. In mild to moderate hypertension the combination of the three components caused, in lower doses, a significantly greater blood pressure reduction than the components separately or combinations of two. No important side-effects were encountered.
A Double Blind Pilot Study of Dicynene in the Control of Menorrhagia
Authors: Jaffé Gabriel , Wickham Anne 
Published: January 2017

In a pilot study in general practice, using a double blind cross-over technique, twenty-six patients with menorrhagia were treated with Dicynene ( ethamsylate) or a placebo preparation during four menstrual periods, each preparation being given for two consecutive periods. The number of tampons used and number of days of menstrual loss were recorded together with the patient's assessment of the severity of bleeding. On statistical analysis the results demonstrated the superiority of Dicynene over placebo in reducing the amount and duration of bleeding in menorrhagia. Twenty-five patients reported an absence of side-effects during the trial. Slight indigestion was recorded in one patient during Dicynene treatment.