bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Executive Functions in Delusion-prone Individuals – Preliminary Studies
Authors: Tereszko A. , Janeczko W. , Słowik J. , Brzezicka K. , Prochwicz K. , Siwek M. , Dudek D. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionExecutive dysfunctions in psychotic disorders, mainly schizophrenia are well-known phenomenon, however the information about executive functioning in subclinical psychotic states are still scarce. The rationale for focusing on the delusion-proneness (delusion-like states) is suggested role of executive dysfunction in the process of developing delusions.AimsOur aim is to assess the relationship between delusion-proneness and executive functions.ObjectivesWe would like to assess two cognitive functions: shifting and inhibition and updating, depending on the severity of delusion-like symptoms. We expect that higher delusion-proneness is associated with more pronounced executive dysfunctions, as it is observed in clinical population with existing delusions.MethodsIn order to assess delusion-proneness, we used Polish version of Peters et al. Delusions Inventory (PDI). To evaluate shifting and inhibition, two test were conducted–Berg's Card Sorting Task (BCST) and Stroop task respectively. Correlation analysis were performed.ResultsSixty-four participants (41 women and 23 men) were recruited in this study. Mean age was 28.8, SD = 10.37. Statistical analysis revealed significant negative correlation of PDI distress subscale and BCST non-perseverative errors. The overall score, as well as all PDI subscales correlated negatively also with the Stroop task's total number of errors and positively with the accuracy in incongruent variant.ConclusionsContrary to our expectation, results have shown that delusion-proneness is associated with better results in executive functions test, especially in terms of accuracy. These results suggest that executive functions may play a role in the development and maintenance of delusional ideation, however, its relationship may be a bit more complex.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Effect of Long-acting Injectable Aripiprazole in Glucose and Lipids: A 1 Year Study
Authors: Juncal Ruiz M. , Porta Olivares O. , Fernández-Abascal Puente B. , Gómez Revuelta M. , Landera Rodríguez R. , Santayana Jenaro G. Pardo de , Sánchez Blanco L. , Pérez Herrera M. , Abejas Díez D. , García Egea J.L. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAtypical anti-psychotics are associated with an impaired in glucose and lipids homeostasis.AimsTo evaluate, the effect in lipids and glucose levels after switching to long-acting injectable (LAI) aripiprazole.MethodsThis was a prospective, observational, 1 year study carried out in 125 outpatients with schizophrenia who were clinically stabilized but a switching to another anti-psychotic was indicated. We measured basal levels of glucose and lipids at the time to start the study and 1 year after switching to LAI-aripiprazole.ResultsIn basal analytic we observed these abnormalities: hyperglycemia (16.7%), high-levels of LDL-cholesterol (33.3%), low-levels of HDL-cholesterol (39%) and hypertrygliceridemia (22.2%). One year after switching to LAI-aripiprazole we found: glucose levels were normalized in all patients; levels of LDL-cholesterol were lower in 66.7% (in 33.3% levels were normalized) and they were higher in 16.7% (in 11% marked a change from normal to abnormal parameters); levels of HDL-cholesterol were lower in 23.3% and higher in 32.2% (in 11% levels were normalized); and finally, levels of tryglicerides were higher in 66.7% (in 8% marked a change from normal to abnormal parameters) and in 16.7% they were lower (in 7.3% levels were normalized).ConclusionsLAI-aripiprazole has a beneficial effect in glucose and cholesterol levels. Although, it usually increases tryglicerides levels, only in seven cases there was a change from normal to abnormal parameters. Our study suggests that LAI-aripiprazol could be an alternative in patients with schizophrenia who have high levels of glucose and lipids related with atypical anti-psychotics treatment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Quality of Lfe in Healthy Siblings of Patients with First Episode of Psychotic Illness and its Predictors
Authors: Knytl P. , Vorackova V. , Mohr P. 
Published: June 2017

Families of patients with first episode of psychotic illness are exposed to numerous distress factors related to the care of their relative. It has been shown that these families experience higher levels of anxiety, depression, economic strain, and helplessness. According to the prior studies, long-term psychotic illness can also have negative impact on quality of life (QoL) in healthy siblings [1]. The aim of our study was to assess QoL in siblings of patients with first episode of psychosis and to examine effects of sibling-related and illness-related variables on QoL. Study sample consisted of first-episode psychosis patients (n = 20) and their healthy siblings (n = 20). All subjects were administered World Health Organisation Quality of Life Questionnaire Scale Brief (WHOQOL-Brief). Duration of untreated psychosis, medication adherence (Hayward scale) and severity of positive psychotic symptomatology (evaluated by Positive and Negative Symptom Scale) were used as illness-related variables, birth order served as a sibling–related variable. QoL has been accepted as a valuable outcome measure in many psychiatric conditions; thus, identification of contributing factors may help to improve overall outcome. Moreover, close monitoring of adverse effects of illness on QoL in healthy siblings may become a part of larger prevention strategies.Supported by the grant projects MH CR AZV 15-28998A, MEYS NPU4NUDZ: LO1611.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Schizophrenia and Pregnancy: The Tactics of Management
Authors: Lukmonov S. , Ruzieva G. , Nazarova I. 
Published: June 2017

PurposeThe study of literature data of the treatment of pregnant women with schizophrenia and making recommendations on the management of this category of patients.MethodsTheoretical analysis of a number of scientific works of foreign researchers, which studied questions of application of psychotropic drugs in patients with schizophrenia during pregnancy.DiscussionThe important source of problems for patients with schizophrenia is a protection against pregnancy. The number of children born in mentally ill mothers has increased at least three times. Hereditary factors in children born from two parents with schizophrenia plays, an important role: approximately 46–68% of these children may develop schizophrenia. In studies on psychotic means, there were no increase in number of anatomical anomalies or deviations in the development associated with this treatment. Low doses do not have a deleterious effect on fetal body weight, duration of pregnancy, fetal or neonatal mortality, as well as the frequency of malformations and deformities. Neither oral nor deposited anti-psychotic drugs are not associated with malformations and malformations of the fetus.Conclusion(1) The drugs should be administered at the lowest effective dose for the shortest possible time and decrease in the dose during the last days before the birth. (2) Pregnant women with acute psychotic disorders are dangerous, both for herself and for the child. (3) After the birth due to high risk of recurrence or exacerbation of schizophrenia taking anti-psychotic drugs should be in full dose.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Cannabis Use in a First Onset Psychosis Sample: Prevalence and Clinical Differences in Relation to Age of Onset
Authors: Pardo M. , Matalí J. , Butjosa A. , Regina V. , Dolz M. , Usall J. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThere is a wide range of studies focusing on the use of cannabis in first episode psychosis (PEP). Literature using child and adolescent samples is scarce.Objectives and aimsTo determine the prevalence and clinical differences between cannabis users and non-cannabis users of early onset first episode psychosis (EOP), and adult onset first episode psychosis (AOP).MethodOne hundred and forty patients were recruited in adult (AOP subsample, n = 69) and child and adolescent (EOP subsample, n = 71) mental health services. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale was used for psychotic symptoms and the Calgary Scale for affective symptoms. The Chi2 test analysed clinical differences between users and nonusers within subsamples, and in the total sample a Pearson correlation was used for the relationship between age at cannabis use and PEP.ResultsThe prevalence of lifetime use of cannabis and the average age at first use were 48% and 13.82 years (± 1.15) in the EOP subsample, and 58% and 17.78 years (± 3.93) in the AOP subsample. Within EOP, cannabis users were older (P = .001), had fewer negative symptoms (P = .045) and less depressive symptoms (P = .005). Within AOP, cannabis users were younger (P = .018) and had greater severity of positive symptoms (P = .021). Age at first cannabis use and age at PEP were positively correlated.ConclusionsCannabis use is prevalent in adult and early onset psychosis. Cannabis users differ clinically from non-users, and the earlier the use of cannabis, the earlier the onset of psychosis.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Efficacy and Tolerability of Aripiprazole Intramuscular as Maintenance Treatment in Patients with Paranoid Schizophrenia
Authors: Serván B. , Montes A. , Machín M. , Gómez P. , García-Albea J. , González S. , Ibáñez J. , Morón M.D. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionPatients suffering from paranoid schizophrenia, require long-term anti-psychotic treatment, which provide, in addition to adequate efficacy both positive and negative symptoms, a good safety and tolerability profile that would ensure adequate adherence to prevent relapse.ObjectivesTo analyze the efficacy, tolerability and therapeutic adherence over a year after the introduction of aripiprazole depot in patients diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia previously treated with other oral or depot anti-psychotics [1,2,3].MethodsOne-year prospective longitudinal study with a sample size of 23 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia in outpatient treatment. Study variables (baseline, 6 and 12 months): Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), clinical global impression (CGI), mean dose of aripiprazole depot, previous treatments, adherence, relapse rate, prolactin levels, sexual dysfunction, BMIs.ResultsTwenty-three patients (71% men, 29% women) diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia were identified. Improvement was obtained in the different study variables with statistically significant difference (P ≤ 0.05).ConclusionsFollowing the introduction of aripiprazole depot in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia previously treated with other oral or depot anti-psychotics in our study, we conclude that maintaining therapeutic efficacy a better tolerability and safety profile, better therapeutic adherence and consequently lower relapse rate were achieved.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Investigation of Salivary Cortisol Response to Awakening in Underweight and Weight-Restored Patients with Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Pellegrino F. , Monteleone A.M. , Nigro M. , Ruzzi V. , Cimino M. , Volpe U. , Monteleone P. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAnorexia nervosa (AN) is characterized by dysregulated eating that leads to chronic malnutrition, which may be responsible for several physical complications, including endocrine alterations, such as hyperactivity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.ObjectivesSeveral studies have shown a dysregulation of the cortisol awakening response (CAR) in symptomatic AN patients. However, it has not been established if the deranged CAR of underweight AN patients is a primary phenomenon or an alteration secondary to malnutrition.AimsThe aim of this study was to explore the salivary CAR in both underweight and weight-restored patients with AN.MethodsWe recruited 59 women: 18 undernourished AN patients, 15 weight-restored AN women and 26 normal-weight healthy controls. Saliva samples were collected in the morning, immediately after awakening and after 15, 30 and 60 minutes, in order to measure saliva levels of cortisol. Participants filled in the state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) to test their anxiety levels in the morning of the test.ResultsCompared to healthy controls, underweight AN patients showed an enhanced CAR whereas the weight recovered patients had a normal CAR. These results were not correlated with levels of anxiety.ConclusionsFor the first time, our results demonstrate that the deranged CAR found in acute AN patients is not present in weight-restored ones, suggesting that altered activity of the HPA axis of symptomatic AN patients is a state-dependent phenomenon.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Developing a Specialised Debrief Model for Simulation Training in Psychiatry
Authors: Attoe C. , Valdearenas L. , Cross S. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionHigh fidelity simulation training has a rich history in medical education. However, simulation as an education tool in psychiatry has been underused and neglected. More recently, clinical educators have begun to harness the potential of simulation in psychiatry, with increased usage at under- and postgraduate levels. An essential element of simulation training is the debrief that takes place with participants and observers following simulated scenarios. Current practices in simulation for psychiatry often rely on debrief models primarily designed for non-psychiatry training.Aims and objectivesThis project aimed to develop a specialised debrief model for simulation training in psychiatry.MethodsThe research team undertook a thorough literature search to identify existing approaches to simulation debriefing, and key theoretical constructs. Clinical educators from psychiatry and non-psychiatry disciplines were invited to attend focus groups to explore the use and key elements of structured and reflective debriefs in simulation. Focus groups were transcribed and analysed using thematic analyses.ResultsLiterature searching identified various debrief models that have been used in psychiatry and non-psychiatry disciplines. Pertinent educational theory was highlighted, such as experiential learning and adult learning. Focus groups highlighted adaptations required to tailor a debrief model to simulation in psychiatry, such as the containing of emotions and use of didactic sessions.ConclusionsFindings identified key differences between debriefing simulated scenarios in psychiatry compared to non-psychiatry. These findings have been used to develop a preliminary debrief model for simulation in psychiatry.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Impulsivity and Current Alcohol Use in Adolescents
Authors: Smaoui N. , Charfi N. , Turki M. , Maâlej-Bouali M. , Ben Thabet J. , Zouari N. , Zouari L. , Maâlej M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionMany studies have focused on the strong link between impulsivity and addictive behaviors, such as alcohol use disorders.ObjectiveOur study aimed to investigate the links between alcohol use and impulsivity in a sample of Tunisian pupils.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study conducted in May and June 2016. It enrolled 317 pupils from four colleges and schools in Sfax (Tunisia). The participants were asked to answer a self-administered questionnaire, after their consent. Alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) was used to evaluate alcohol dependence. The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), in its 11th version, was used to assess impulsivity trait. Its three second-order factors were attentional impulsiveness, motor impulsiveness, and non-planning impulsiveness.ResultsThe mean age was 16 years with a sex-ratio of 1.07. The school children reported having drunk alcohol at least once in 18.9% of cases and 41.66% of them still consume. According to AUDIT, 1.6% of alcohol users presented an alcohol misuse and 21.6% presented dependence. According to BIS, impulsivity prevalence (IP) in the whole sample was 27.8% while it was 40% among the alcoholic participants versus 24.9% in non-alcoholic participants. The average BIS score was more important in the alcoholic participants (69.25 versus 65.53; P = 0.011). Alcohol consumption was correlated to attentional impulsiveness (P = 0.01) and motor impulsiveness (P = 0.008). Alcohol dependence was correlated to motor impulsiveness (P = 0.018).ConclusionThese results show the importance of clinically evaluating and intervening on impulsive personality traits to better prevent addictive behavior such as alcoholism among adolescents.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Incidences and risk factors of severe infections in young adults with schizophrenia: A nationwide register-based cohort study in Denmark
Authors: Pankiewicz-Dulacz M. , Stenager E. , Stenager E. , Chen M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionPatients with schizophrenia deal with many risk factors that make them more susceptible to infections. However, knowledge about incidence and the nature of infections among people with schizophrenia is scarce.AimsTo investigate the occurrence and risk factors for severe infections in schizophrenia patients.Objectives– to determine incidence rates of infections among young adults with schizophrenia;– to define risk factors for infections.MethodPopulation-based nationwide cohort study with selection of all individuals born in Denmark between 1975–1990 and follow-up period from 1995–2013 was conducted. Data from the Danish Psychiatric Central Register and the Danish National Hospital Registry were used. A Poisson regression was chosen to estimate incidence rate ratios of infections and to explore the associations of different risk factors like sex, age, substance abuse and medical co-morbidity with the rates of infections.Preliminary results922,564 individuals born between 1975–1990 were included in the study. Overall, 3520 women and 5479 men were identified with schizophrenia. In percentages, 36% with schizophrenia had infectious diseases compared to 25% of background population. Some of severe infections like HIV (0.23% vs 0.05%), sepsis (0.72% vs 0.27%), hepatitis (1.4% vs 0.22%) skin infections (12% vs 6.2%)and tuberculosis (0.12% vs 0.06%) were highly increased in persons with schizophrenia, whereas smaller differences were found regarding CNS infections (0.5% vs 0.4%) and gastrointestinal infections (8.7% vs 6.2%).ConclusionsThe preliminary data results suggest, that individuals with schizophrenia have higher prevalence of all types of severe infectious compared to the background population.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Parental styles and quality of life in the families with adolescents suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Zmeskalova D. , Prasko J. , Ociskova M. , Karaskova E. , Mihal V. , Kamaradova D. , Latalova K. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundInflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in adolescents are chronic medical conditions with a substantial influence on the well-being of the family members.MethodsTotal of 27 adolescents suffered from IBD, and 39 healthy adolescents completed questionnaires ADOR (parenting styles assessed by teenagers), KidScreen-10 (quality of life), SAD (Scale of Anxiety in Children), and CDI (Children's Depression Inventory). Their parents completed the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and Pediatrics Quality of Life Family Impact Module (PedsQL).ResultsThe parental styles of mothers and fathers of IBD adolescents and the parents of healthy controls were without statistically significant differences except for the fathers’ positive parental style, which was significantly higher in the fathers of controls. There were no statistically significant differences between IBD children and the healthy controls in the quality of life assessed. However, the parents’ quality of life of ill children was statistically significantly lower than of the parents of the controls. The mothers of IBD adolescents were significantly more anxious and the fathers more depressed than the parents of the healthy controls, but there was no difference in the levels of anxiety or depression between IBD adolescents and the controls. Positive parental style of parents of IBD children positively correlated with the quality of life of adolescents. Positive parental style of the fathers correlated negatively with the state and trait children's anxiety and negatively correlated with severity of childhood depression.ConclusionsThe parents of the adolescents with IBD represent important group for psychosocial support.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Description of the prevalence of psychiatric disturbances in patients with refractory epilepsy
Authors: Ramos-Perdigues S. , Bailles E. , Mane A. , Pintor L. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionPsychiatric morbidity in epilepsy is high, with prevalence rates of up to 50%, being higher in treatment-refractory cases. This co-morbidity worsen the quality of life. Psychiatric comorbidities are hampered by atypical presentations or disorders, which do not appear in the DSM-IV or ICD.ObjectivesTo describe the psychiatric morbidity in a group of patients with refractory-epilepsy.AimsTo provide evidence of the high morbidity and show the prevalence of the different psychiatric disorders.MethodsWe cross-sectional assessed psychiatric disturbances in resistant-epileptic patients using SCID for DSM-IV and clinical interview for epileptic specific psychiatric conditions. We grouped psychiatric disturbances into six clusters:– affective disorders;– anxiety disorders;– psychotic disorders;– eating disorders;– conduct disorder;– substance use disorder.We also considered epilepsy specific conditions as Interictal Psychotic Disorder (IPI) and Interictal Dysphoric Disorder (IDD) characterized by 3/8 symptoms: depressive mood, anergia, pain, insomnia, fear, anxiety, irritability, and euphoric mood.ResultsThe sample consist on 153 patients, with a mean age of 37. In total, 42.5% were males. One or more axis I diagnoses was seen in 38% of the patients. The most common condition was IDD (27.1%), followed by affective disorders (22%), anxiety disorders (15.3%), psychotic disorders (4%) and drug use (2%). There were no patients with eating or conduct disorders or IPI.ConclusionsPsychiatric morbidity is frequent in resistant-epilepsy. Despite 38% of patients suffered from at least one axis I diagnoses, IDD was the most prevalent condition and not included in SCID interview.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.