bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entwicklung einer neuartigen wirtschaftlichen, eisenbasierten Beschichtung zur Erhöhung der Lebensdauer von Gussbauteilen unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Korrosionsbeständigkeit
Authors: Bobzin K. , Zhao L. , Öte M. , Königstein T. , Oechsner M. , Siebers M. , Andersohn G. , Ellermeier J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAufgrund der ausgezeichneten Gießbarkeit und Bearbeitbarkeit, der guten mechanischen Eigenschaften sowie der wirtschaftlichen Vorteile werden Graugusswerkstoffe sehr verbreitet zur Herstellung von Bauteilen in rotierenden Maschinen, wie z. B. in Pumpen verwendet. Jedoch müssen sie oft durch wesentlich teurere Werkstoffe mit einem zusätzlich aufwendigeren Fertigungsprozess ersetzt werden, um erhöhten Anforderungen an die Beanspruchbarkeit z. B. in Form von Korrosions‐ und Erosionsbeständigkeit von Bauteilen gerecht zu werden. Ein potenzieller wirtschaftlicherer Lösungsweg zur Erhöhung der Korrosions‐ und Erosionsbeständigkeit von Gussbauteilen liegt darin, Gussbauteile mit einer Korrosions‐ und Erosionsschutzschicht zu versehen. Im Rahmen dieser Untersuchungen wurde ein neuartiges eisenbasiertes Beschichtungssystem auf Basis von einer FeCrMnBC‐Legierung entwickelt. Diese FeCrMnBC‐Legierung stellt im Vergleich zu hochlegierten Stählen oder Nickel‐ und Kobaltbasislegierungen eine wirtschaftlich interessante Alternative dar. Die FeCrMnBC‐Legierung wurde mit dem Atmosphärischen Plasmaspritzen aufgetragen und im Hinblick auf ihr Korrosionsverhalten untersucht. Gegenüber dem unbeschichteten Gusswerkstoff (EN‐GJL‐250) wird eine signifikante Verbesserung der Korrosions‐ und Erosionsbeständigkeit erreicht. Diese neuartige Beschichtung weist damit ein großes Potenzial zum lokalen Schutz vor Korrosion und Erosion von Gussbauteilen auf.
Parkinson's Disease Biomarkers: Where Are We and Where Do We Go Next?
Authors: Chahine Lana M. , Stern Matthew B. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundObjective measures of Parkinson's disease (PD) are needed for purposes of diagnosis and prognostication, as well as identification of those at risk of PD. In this qualitative review, we provide an overview of the current state of the field of PD biomarker development, delineate challenges, and discuss how the field is evolving.MethodsA search of PubMed was conducted for articles pertaining to objective biomarkers for PD. Articles were selected based on relevance and methodology; where available, meta‐analyses, systematic reviews, and comprehensive qualitative review articles were preferentially referenced.ResultsThere are several potential sources of objective PD biomarkers including biofluids, peripheral tissue, imaging, genetics, and technology based objective motor testing. Approaches to biomarker identification include the candidate biomarker approach and unbiased discovery methods, each of which has advantages and disadvantages. Several emerging techniques hold promise in each of these areas. Advances in technology and bioinformatics, and the increasing availability of biobanks, are expected to facilitate future PD biomarker development.ConclusionsThe field of objective biomarkers for PD has made great progress but much remains to be done in translating putative biomarkers into tools useful in the clinic and for research. Multimodal biomarker platforms have the potential to capitalize on the utility and strengths of individual biomarkers. Rigorous methodology and standards for replication of findings will be key to meaningful progress in the field.
(‐)‐Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate Ameliorates Insulin Resistance and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in HepG2 Cells: Involvement of Bmal1
Authors: Mi Yashi , Qi Guoyuan , Gao Yuqi , Li Runnan , Wang Yiwen , Li Xingyu , Huang Shuxian , Liu Xuebo 
Published: September 2017

ScopeNormal physiological processes require a robust biological timer called the circadian clock. Dysregulation of circadian rhythms contributes to a variety of metabolic syndrome, including obesity and insulin resistance. (‐)‐Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) has been demonstrated to possess antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and cardioprotective bioactivities. The objective of this study was to explore whether the circadian clock is involved in the protective effect of EGCG against insulin resistance.Methods and resultsThe results demonstrated that EGCG reverses the relatively shallow daily oscillations of circadian clock genes transcription and protein expression induced by glucosamine in HepG2 cells. EGCG also alleviates insulin resistance by enhancing tyrosine phosphorylated levels of IRS‐1, stimulating the translocation of GLUT2, and activating PI3K/AKT as well as AMPK signaling pathways in a Bmal1‐dependent manner both in HepG2 cells and primary hepatocytes. Glucosamine‐stimulated excessive secretions of ROS and depletions of mitochondrial membrane potential were notably attenuated in EGCG co‐treated HepG2 cells, which consistent with the recovery in expression of mitochondrial respiration complexes.ConclusionThe results demonstrated that EGCG possesses a Bmal1‐dependent efficacy against insulin resistance conditions by strengthening the insulin signaling and eliminating oxidative stress, suggesting that EGCG may serve as a promising natural nutraceutical for the regulation of metabolic disorders relevant to circadian clocks.
Macromolecule mapping of the brain using ultrashort‐TE acquisition and reference‐based metabolite removal
Authors: Lam Fan , Li Yudu , Clifford Bryan , Liang Zhi‐Pei 
Published: September 2017

PurposeTo develop a practical method for mapping macromolecule distribution in the brain using ultrashort‐TE MRSI data.MethodsAn FID‐based chemical shift imaging acquisition without metabolite‐nulling pulses was used to acquire ultrashort‐TE MRSI data that capture the macromolecule signals with high signal‐to‐noise‐ratio (SNR) efficiency. To remove the metabolite signals from the ultrashort‐TE data, single voxel spectroscopy data were obtained to determine a set of high‐quality metabolite reference spectra. These spectra were then incorporated into a generalized series (GS) model to represent general metabolite spatiospectral distributions. A time‐segmented algorithm was developed to back‐extrapolate the GS model‐based metabolite distribution from truncated FIDs and remove it from the MRSI data. Numerical simulations and in vivo experiments have been performed to evaluate the proposed method.ResultsSimulation results demonstrate accurate metabolite signal extrapolation by the proposed method given a high‐quality reference. For in vivo experiments, the proposed method is able to produce spatiospectral distributions of macromolecules in the brain with high SNR from data acquired in about 10 minutes. We further demonstrate that the high‐dimensional macromolecule spatiospectral distribution resides in a low‐dimensional subspace. This finding provides a new opportunity to use subspace models for quantification and accelerated macromolecule mapping. Robustness of the proposed method is also demonstrated using multiple data sets from the same and different subjects.ConclusionThe proposed method is able to obtain macromolecule distributions in the brain from ultrashort‐TE acquisitions. It can also be used for acquiring training data to determine a low‐dimensional subspace to represent the macromolecule signals for subspace‐based MRSI. Magn Reson Med 79:2460–2469, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Stable Europium(III) Complexes with Short Linkers for Site‐Specific Labeling of Biomolecules
Authors: Faschinger Felix , Ertl Martin , Zimmermann Mirjam , Horner Andreas , Himmelsbach Markus , Schöfberger Wolfgang , Knör Günther , Gruber Hermann J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this study, two new terpyridine‐based EuIII complexes were synthesized, the structures of which were optimized for luminescence resonance energy‐transfer (LRET) experiments. The complexes showed high quantum yields (32 %); a single long lifetime (1.25 ms), which was not influenced by coupling to protein; very high stability in the presence of chelators such as ethylenediamine‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetraacetate and ethylene glycol‐bis(2‐aminoethylether)‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetraacetic acid; and no interaction with cofactors such as adenosine triphosphate and guanosine triphosphate. A special feature is the short length of the linker between the EuIII ion and the maleimide or hydrazide function, which allows for site‐specific coupling of cysteine mutants or unnatural keto amino acids. As a consequence, the new complexes appear particularly suited for accurate distance measurements in biomolecules by LRET.
Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression is not a predominant feature in Ewing sarcomas
Authors: Spurny Christian , Kailayangiri Sareetha , Jamitzky Silke , Altvater Bianca , Wardelmann Eva , Dirksen Uta , Hardes Jendrik , Hartmann Wolfgang , Rossig Claudia 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundProgrammed cell death 1 (PD‐1) receptor engagement on T cells by its ligand programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) is a key mechanism of immune escape, and antibody blockade of the interaction has emerged as an effective immunotherapeutic strategy in some cancers. The role and relevance of the PD‐1 checkpoint in Ewing sarcoma (EwS) is not yet understood.ProcedureHere, we investigated expression of PD‐L1 and PD‐1 in EwS by immunohistochemistry analysis of pretherapeutic tumor biopsies and in tumor xenografts following treatment with human T cells engineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) against the tumor‐associated antigen GD2. PD‐L1 surface expression in EwS cell lines was assessed by flow cytometry.ResultsPD‐L1 expression was not detectable on tumor cells in any of the 60 EwS biopsies. Infiltrating PD‐L1 positive T cells were found in one tumor, and four biopsies contained PD‐1‐positive T cells. Of 13 EwS cell lines, none constitutively expressed PD‐L1 on the cell surface. Interferon‐γ cytokine stimulation induced upregulation of the ligand on all cell lines. Adoptive therapy with CAR gene‐modified T cells in a mouse model did not induce PD‐L1 expression in EwS xenografts despite tumor infiltration with PD‐1+ CD3+ T cells.ConclusionsEwS cells can upregulate PD‐L1 under inflammatory conditions, but do not express the ligand in the pretherapeutic tumor microenvironment or postexposure to CAR T cells. PD‐1 checkpoint blockade alone is thus unlikely to evoke potent immune responses against EwS. Identification of the relevant immune evasion strategies in EwS will be vital for the development of effective immune targeting strategies.
Hydroxyurea prescription, availability and use for children with sickle cell disease in Italy: Results of a National Multicenter survey
Authors: Colombatti Raffaella , Palazzi Giovanni , Masera Nicoletta , Notarangelo Lucia Dora , Bonetti Elisa , Samperi Piera , Barone Angelica , Perrotta Silverio , Facchini Elena , Miano Maurizio , Del Vecchio Giovanni Carlo , Guerzoni Maria Elena , Corti Paola , Menzato Federica , Cesaro Simone , Casale Maddalena , Rigano Paolo , Forni Gian Luca , Russo Giovanna , Sainati Laura ,   on behalf of The Italian Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea in Sickle Cell Anemia Investigators
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe number of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) has increased in Italy in the past decade due to immigration. In spite of the established efficacy of hydroxyurea (HU) in childhood, population‐based data regarding its prescription and effectiveness come mainly from studies performed in adults or outside Europe.Population and methodsThe Hydroxyurea in SCD: A Large Nation‐wide Cohort Study from Italy was a retrospective cohort study of adult and pediatric patients with SCD attending 32 centers. Pediatric data are analyzed separately.ResultsOut of 504 children followed in 11 centers, 206 (40%) were on HU (194 SS/Sβ°, 12 SC/Sß+); 74% came from Sub‐Saharian Africa and 18% from Europe. HU therapy indications for SS/Sβ° patients were as follows: 57% painful vaso‐occlusive crisis, acute chest syndrome or both, 24% anemia, 8% anemia, and other reasons (the majority had Hb ≤ 8–8.5 g/dl, revealing scarce acceptance of low Hb values by pediatric hematologist). Mean starting dose was 15.5 mg/kg, and dose at full regimen was 17.1 mg/kg. Mean age at HU therapy was 7.68 years, although it was lower for SS/Sβ° patients. Only 10% started HU before 3 years. In 92%, 500 mg capsule was used; in 6%, the galenic was used; and in 2%, 100 mg tablet was used. Significant reduction of clinical events and inpatients admissions, with improvement in hematological parameters, was observed for SS/Sβ° patients and a trend toward improvement for SC/Sß+ patients was also observed.ConclusionsHU effectiveness is demonstrated in a national cohort of children with SCD living in Italy, even at a lower dose than recommended, revealing good adherence to a treatment program by a socially vulnerable group of patients such as immigrants.
Passive Picoinjection Enables Controlled Crystallization in a Droplet Microfluidic Device
Authors: Li Shunbo , Zeng Muling , Gaule Thembaninkosi , McPherson Michael J. , Meldrum Fiona C. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSegmented flow microfluidic devices offer an attractive means of studying crystallization processes. However, while they are widely employed for protein crystallization, there are few examples of their use for sparingly soluble compounds due to problems with rapid device fouling and irreproducibility over longer run‐times. This article presents a microfluidic device which overcomes these issues, as this is constructed around a novel design of “picoinjector” that facilitates direct injection into flowing droplets. Exploiting a Venturi junction to reduce the pressure within the droplet, it is shown that passive injection of solution from a side‐capillary can be achieved in the absence of an applied electric field. The operation of this device is demonstrated for calcium carbonate, where highly reproducible results are obtained over long run‐times at high supersaturations. This compares with conventional devices that use a Y‐junction to achieve solution loading, where in‐channel precipitation of calcium carbonate occurs even at low supersaturations. This work not only opens the door to the use of microfluidics to study the crystallization of low solubility compounds, but the simple design of a passive picoinjector will find wide utility in areas including multistep reactions and investigation of reaction dynamics.
Reaction coordinates and transition states in enzymatic catalysis
Authors: Zinovjev Kirill , Tuñón Iñaki 
Published: September 2017

Enzymatic reactions are complex chemical processes taking place in complex dynamic environments. Theoretical characterization of these reactions requires the determination of the reaction coordinate and the transition state ensemble. This is not an easy task because many degrees of freedom may be involved in principle. We present recent efforts to find good enzymatic reaction coordinates and the implications of these findings in the interpretation of enzymatic efficiency. In particular, we analyze different strategies based on the use of minimum free energy paths and direct localization of the dividing surface on multidimensional free energy surfaces. Another strategy is based on the generation of reactive trajectories, using the transition path sampling method, from which transition state configurations can be harvested. Most of the applications carried out until now coincide to stress the change in the nature of the reaction coordinate, in terms of the participation of the chemical and environmental degrees of freedom, as the reaction advances. The degrees of freedom of the chemical system are dominant at the transition state while environmental participation can be more important at early or late stages of the process. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2018, 8:e1329. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1329This article is categorized under:

Structure and Mechanism > Computational Biochemistry and Biophysics
Molecular and Statistical Mechanics > Free Energy Methods
Software > Simulation Methods
Range overlap between mid‐continent and Eastern sandhill cranes revealed by GPS‐tracking
Authors: Wolfson David , Fieberg John , Lawrence Jeffrey S. , Cooper Thomas R. , Andersen David E. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTSandhill cranes (Antigone canadensis) are long‐lived birds with relatively low recruitment rates, making accurate knowledge of abundance and distribution critical for well‐informed harvest management. Minnesota, USA, is one of few states containing portions of 2 distinct breeding populations of greater sandhill cranes (A. c. tabida)—the Mid‐continent Population (MCP) and Eastern Population (EP). Historically, the breeding range of MCP cranes in Minnesota was restricted to the extreme northwestern portion of the state, whereas the breeding range of EP cranes was limited to the east–central part of the state with a large area of separation between the 2 populations. Whereas MCP cranes have exhibited stable population estimates over time, EP cranes are currently experiencing a significant increase in population size and a concurrent expansion of breeding range. Our objectives were to evaluate the current range boundaries of the 2 populations in Minnesota and determine whether the populations overlap on their breeding areas and autumn staging grounds. We captured and attached Global Positioning System–Global System for Mobile Communications transmitters to 50 cranes in the zone between the historical breeding‐range boundaries of the 2 populations. Movements of cranes revealed that EP cranes have greatly expanded their breeding range in Minnesota while MCP cranes have experienced more moderate range expansion in the state. Results of this study provide the first documentation of overlap between the breeding ranges of EP and MCP sandhill cranes. Our results also suggest that staging areas in northwestern Minnesota, where recreational harvest targeted at MCP cranes was allowed beginning in 2010, are being used by both populations and there is overlap in migration corridors, as evidenced by 4 cranes that used both the Mississippi and Central Flyways. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Preoperative Needs‐Based Education to Reduce Anxiety, Increase Satisfaction, and Decrease Time Spent in Day Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wongkietkachorn Apinut , Wongkietkachorn Nuttapone , Rhunsiri Peera 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundToo much or too little information during patient education can increase patient anxiety. Needs‐based patient education helps to determine the appropriate amount of information required to provide education based on patient needs. This study aimed to compare needs‐based patient education with traditional patient education in reducing preoperative anxiety.MethodsThis was a prospective, multicenter, single‐blind, randomized controlled trial with a 1:1 allocation ratio. Patients undergoing day surgery were randomized into a study group (needs‐based education) or a control group (traditional education). The primary outcome was patient anxiety. Secondary outcomes were patient satisfaction and time spent in patient education. Patients completed questionnaires to evaluate their anxiety and satisfaction before patient education, after patient education, and after surgery.ResultsIn total, 450 patients were randomized and analyzed (study group n = 225, control group n = 225). Comparisons before education, after education, and after surgery showed that there was a significant decrease in patient anxiety and an increase in satisfaction in both groups (p < 0.001). The comparison between needs‐based education and traditional education showed a greater decrease in anxiety (7.09 ± 7.02 vs. 5.33 ± 7.70, p = 0.001) and greater increase in satisfaction (21.1 ± 16.0 vs. 16.0 ± 21.6, p < 0.001) in the needs‐based group. The needs‐based group also had significantly less education time than the traditional group (171.8 ± 87.59 vs. 236.32 ± 101.27 s, p < 0.001).ConclusionNeeds‐based patient education is more effective in decreasing anxiety, increasing patient satisfaction, and reducing time spent in education compared with traditional patient education.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT03003091
Performance analysis of an aero engine with inter-stage turbine burner
Authors: Yin F. , Rao A. Gangoli 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThe historical trends of reduction in fuel consumption and emissions from aero engines have been mainly due to the improvement in the thermal efficiency, propulsive efficiency and combustion technology. The engine Overall Pressure Ratio (OPR) and Turbine Inlet Temperature (TIT) are being increased in the pursuit of increasing the engine thermal efficiency. However, this has an adverse effect on engine NOx emission. The current paper investigates a possible solution to overcome this problem for future generation Very High Bypass Ratio (VHBR)/Ultra High Bypass Ratio (UHBR) aero-engines in the form of an Inter-stage Turbine Burner (ITB). The ITB concept is investigated on a next generation baseline VHBR aero engine to evaluate its effect on the engine performance and emission characteristics for different ITB energy fractions. It is found that the ITB can reduce the bleed air required for cooling the HPT substantially (around 80%) and also reduce the NOx emission significantly (>30%) without penalising the engine specific fuel consumption.
What happens to the vortex structures when the rising bubble transits from zigzag to spiral?
Authors: Zhang Jie , Ni Ming-Jiu 
Published: September 2017

It has been demonstrated by many experiments carried out over the last 60 years that in certain liquids a single millimetre-sized bubble will rise within an unstable path, which is sometimes observed to transit from zigzag to spiral. After performing several groups of direct numerical simulations, the present work gives a theoretical explanation to reveal the physical mechanism causing the transition, and the results are presented in two parts. In the first part, in which a freely rising bubble is simulated, equal-strength vortex pairs are observed to shed twice during a period of the pure zigzag path, and this type of motion is triggered by the amounts of streamwise vorticities accumulated on the bubble interface, when a critical value is reached. However, when the balance between the counter-rotating vortices is broken, an angular velocity is induced between the asymmetric vortex pairs, driving the bubble to rise in an opposite spiral path. Therefore, although there is no preference of the spiral direction as observed in experiments, it is actually determined by the sign of the stronger vortex thread. In the second part, external vertical magnetic fields are imposed onto the spirally rising bubble in order to further confirm the relations between the vortex structures and the unstable path patterns. As shown in our previous studies (Zhang & Ni, Phys. Fluids, vol. 26 (10), 2014, 102102), the strength of the double-threaded vortex pairs, as well as the imbalance between them, will be weakened under magnetic fields. Therefore, as the vortex pairs become more symmetric, the rotating radius of the spirally rising bubble is observed to decrease. We try to answer the question, put forward by Shew et al. (2005, Preprint, ENS, Lyon), ‘what caused the bubble to transit from zigzag to spiral naturally?’