bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetized Disk Winds in NGC 3783
Authors: Fukumura Keigo , Kazanas Demosthenes , Shrader Chris , Behar Ehud , Tombesi Francesco , Contopoulos Ioannis 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We analyze a 900 ks stacked Chandra/HETG spectrum of NGC 3783 in the context of magnetically driven accretion-disk wind models in an effort to provide tight constraints on the global conditions of the underlying absorbers. Motivated by the earlier measurements of its absorption measure distribution (AMD) indicating X-ray-absorbing ionic columns that decrease slowly with decreasing ionization parameter, we employ 2D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) disk wind models to describe the global outflow. We compute its photoionization structure along with the wind kinematic properties, allowing us to further calculate in a self-consistent fashion the shapes of the major X-ray absorption lines. With the wind radial density profile determined by the AMD, the profiles of the ensemble of the observed absorption features are determined by the two global parameters of the MHD wind; i.e., disk inclination

and wind density normalization n

o
. Considering the most significant absorption features in the ∼1.8–20 Å range, we show that the MHD wind is best described by

cm−3 and

. We argue that winds launched by X-ray heating or radiation pressure, or even MHD winds but with steeper radial density profiles, are strongly disfavored by data. Considering the properties of Fe K-band absorption features (i.e., Fe xxv and Fe xxvi), while typically prominent in the active galactic nucleus X-ray spectra, they appear to be weak in NGC 3783. For the specific parameters of our model obtained by fitting the AMD and the rest of the absorption features, these features are found to be weak, in agreement with observations.
Factors Associated with Non-Adherence to HBV Antiviral Therapy
Authors: Sheppard-Law Suzanne , Zablotska-Manos Iryna , Kermeen Melissa , Holdaway Susan , Lee Alice , George Jacob , Zekry Amany , Maher Lisa 
Published: January 2018

Background HBV antiviral therapy has the potential to reduce the burden of HBV-related liver disease by suppressing HBV DNA replication to undetectable levels, reducing the progression of liver fibrosis and reducing the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Treatment outcomes and long-term benefits require adherence to medication regimens. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and factors associated with non-adherence to antiviral therapy. Methods A cross-sectional survey of patients receiving HBV antiviral therapies was conducted in three Sydney hospitals. Participants were asked to complete an online questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to assess the associations between non-adherence (defined as missing more than 1 day of medication in the last 30 days) and demographic, socio-economic, disease, treatment, healthcare system and individual-related factors. Results Of the 277 participants, 66 (23.8%) were non-adherent, missing a mean 1.7 days of medication (sd 4.8) in the last 30 days. In multivariate analysis, non-adherent behaviour declined with age (odds ratio [OR] 0.9, 95% CI 0.97, 0.99; P<0.013). Participants who reported having no established routine to take their medication (OR 5.0, 95% CI 1.4, 17.4; P<0.012) and having inadequate health literacy (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.3, 5.5; P<0.007) were more likely to be non-adherent. Conclusions Almost a quarter of participants in the current study were non-adherent. Adherence is potentially modifiable through person-centred education, collaborative models of patient care and interventions designed to improve health literacy and establish medication routines. Findings have the potential to improve health service delivery to patients at risk of non-adherence to HBV antiviral therapy.
Elaboração de hambúrguer empanado de tilápia aplicando diferentes sistemas de coberturas comerciais
Authors: Alves Delfino Larissa , Schlichting da Silva Larissa , Biassi Deise Caroline , Poliseli-Scopel Fabio Henrique , Molardi Bainy Eduarda 
Published: January 2018

Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar os melhores sistemas de cobertura comerciais para hambúrguer empanado, utilizando subprodutos da filetagem da tilápia, como a carne mecanicamente separada (CMS) da carcaça e CMS das aparas do corte em ‘V’ do filé de tilápia. No estudo foram avaliados o rendimento de cobertura, pick-up na pré-fritura, rendimento na cocção e análise sensorial com painel treinado. As coberturas 1 e 6 tiveram os maiores valores de rendimento de cobertura, entre 31,90 % e 35,34 %. Devido as coberturas 2 e 3 não passarem pela etapa de predust, o rendimento de cobertura foi menor quando comparada aos outros sistemas. A cobertura 2 que possui granulometria fina teve resultado negativo para o pick‑up na pré-fritura devido ao desprendimento parcial da camada externa. As coberturas 3 e 4 com granulometria média apresentaram valores inferiores de pick-up na pré-fritura comparado com as 1 e 5 que utilizaram breading com granulometria grossa. Os sistemas de cobertura 1 e 5 tiveram o melhor rendimento na cocção, entre 88,65% e 89,16%, pois apresentavam as três etapas de empanamento e a maior granulometria do breading. A análise sensorial mostrou que os seis sistemas de coberturas tiveram boa aceitação pelo painel treinado, exceto para o atributo textura da cobertura 6 (forneável). Em conclusão, a maior granulometria do breading contribuiu para o rendimento de cobertura, pick-up na pré-fritura e rendimento na cocção. Além disso, a etapa de predust também aumentou o rendimento de cobertura.
Uso da Espectroscopia de Infravermelho Médio com Transformada de Fourier (IV-TF) aliada à quimiometria para classificação de vinhos e suco de uva
Authors: Bicas Thariane Carvalho , Fernandes Andréia , Prasniewski Anaclara , Calegari Matheus Augusto , Lima Vanderlei Aparecido , Oldoni Tatiane Luiza Cadorin 
Published: January 2018

A indústria alimentícia procura ferramentas que a auxilie com precisão em análises de caracterização e controle de qualidade de seus produtos e insumos. A espectroscopia no infravermelho médio permite realizar análises qualitativas e quantitativas de amostras de diversas origens, fornecendo modelagens em função de suas propriedades químicas e físicas a partir de seus dados espectroscópicos. Neste trabalho foi avaliado o perfil químico de vinhos e sucos de uvas tintas da região Sudoeste do Paraná, empregando o uso da espectroscopia de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier e acessório de reflexão total atenuada (FTIV-RTA) com o objetivo de desenvolver uma metodologia que permita a classificação entre os derivados da uva. Os espectros de infravermelho médio das amostras de vinho e suco foram gerados em um espectrômetro Frontier (Perkin-Elmer), em duplicata, com resolução de 4 cm-1 e 32 acumulações para cada espectro da região analisada (entre 4.000 e 400 cm-1). O conjunto de dados gerados a partir dos espectros de infravermelho foi submetido à análise de componentes principais (ACP). A análise de componentes principais foi capaz de identificar e separar em distintos grupos as amostras dos derivados de uva. As componentes principais (CP1 e CP2) explicaram 69,6% da variabilidade dos dados através do modelo multivariado proposto. Desta forma a análise espectroscópica de infravermelho médio aliada à quimiometria apresenta-se como uma ferramenta para a classificação de amostras de vinho e suco de uva.
A second contender for “world’s smallest fly” (Diptera: Phoridae)
Authors: Brown Brian 
Published: January 2018

Flies of the family Phoridae (Insecta: Diptera) are amongst the most diverse insects in the world, with an incredible array of species, structures and life histories. Wiithin their structural diversity is the world's smallest fly, Euryplatea nanaknihali Brown, 2012.
A second minute, limuloid female phorid parasitoid fly (Diptera: Phoridae) is described. Known from a single specimen from a site near Manaus, Brazil, Megapropodiphora arnoldi gen. n., sp. n. is only 0.395 mm in body length, slightly smaller than the currently recognised smallest fly, Euryplatea nanaknihali from Thailand. The distinctive body shape of M. arnoldi, particularly the relatively enormous head, mesothorax and scutellum, the latter of which covers most of the abdomen, easily separates it from other described phorids. Most remarkably, the forelegs are extremely enlarged, whereas mid- and hind legs are reduced to small, possibly vestigial remnants. A possible male specimen, unfortunately destroyed during processing, is briefly described.
How hot is .brussels? Analysis of the uptake of the .brussels top-level domain name extension
Authors: Waty Margot , van Hooland Seth , Hengchen Simon , Coeckelbergs Mathias , De Wilde Max , Decroly Jean-Michel 
Published: January 2018

The opening up of the top-level domain name market in 2012 has offered new perspectives for companies, administrations and individuals to include a geographic component within the domain name of their website. Little to no research has been carried out since then to analyse the uptake of the new top-level domain names (TLDNs). Based on the specific case of the TLDN .brussels, this article proposes an empirical study of how the opening up of the top-level domain name market actually impacts registration practices. By making use of freely available software tools such as OpenRefine and Natural Language Processing (NLP) methods, the entire corpus of the .brussels domain names (6 300) was analysed from a quantitative perspective. Based on a statistically representative sample (592 domain names), a qualitative interpretation allowed a more fine-grained analysis of how the new TLDN is being used in practice. By doing so, the article gives detailed insight into the impact of the recent changes to the rules concerning domain name registration. Through this analysis, researchers, policy makers, investors and anyone concerned about the identity of Brussels in the digital realm may have a better understanding of the state of play of the .brussels TLDN.
Intracellular BH3 Profiling Reveals Shifts in Antiapoptotic Dependency in Human B Cell Maturation and Mitogen-Stimulated Proliferation
Authors: Dai Joanne , Luftig Micah A. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Apoptosis is critical to B cell maturation, but studies of apoptotic regulation in primary human B cells is lacking. In this study, we sought to better understand the mechanisms of apoptotic regulation in normal and activated B cells. Using intracellular BH3 profiling, we defined the Bcl2 dependency of B cell subsets from human peripheral blood and tonsillar lymphoid tissue as well as mitogen-activated B cells. We found that naive and memory B cells were BCL-2–dependent, whereas germinal center B cells were MCL-1–dependent and plasma cells were BCL-XL–dependent. B cells stimulated to proliferate ex vivo by CpG or CD40L/IL-4 became more dependent on MCL-1 and BCL-XL. As B cell lymphomas often rely on survival mechanisms derived from normal and activated B cells, these findings offer new insight into potential therapeutic strategies for lymphomas.
Relationship between different livestock managements and stress response in dairy ewes
Authors: Carcangiu Vincenzo , Arfuso Francesca , Luridiana Sebastiano , Giannetto Claudia , Rizzo Maria , Bini Pier Paolo , Piccione Giuseppe 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The gradual diffusion of intensive and semi-intensive production systems, especially in dairy sheep breeds, has led to the growing concern of consumers about the life conditions of farmed animals. Space allowance and structures of sheep houses are described as the main potential sources of discomfort for housed flocks, together with inappropriate milking procedures and human–animal interactions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the structure relative to milking room could represent a stressor in Sarda dairy ewes. Animals were divided into two groups according to their farm of origin. Group A (n=40) was from a farm whose milking room was an old warehouse with a waiting area limited and located outdoors and at a different level with respect to the milking room. The passageway of the entrance in the milking room was narrow and perpendicular to the milking positioning so the animal must bend 90∘ to enter in the room. Group B (n=40) was from a farm whose milking room was wide and modern with a large waiting area located at the same level. From all animals blood samples were collected at T0 (2 h before milking procedure at 06:00), at T1 (immediately after the animals entered the milking room, about 08:00) and at T2 (after milking procedure). In addition plasma cortisol and glucose values were evaluated. Statistical analysis showed significant effect of milking room (P<0.001) and of sampling time (P<0.05) on cortisol and glucose levels. The results obtained in the present study suggest that, in addition to milking, the characteristics of the room where this procedure occurs represent stressful stimuli that could influence negatively the productivity and welfare of dairy ewes.
Hotplate precipitation gauge calibrations and field measurements
Authors: Zelasko Nicholas , Wettlaufer Adam , Borkhuu Bujidmaa , Burkhart Matthew , Campbell Leah S. , Steenburgh W. James , Snider Jefferson R. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. First introduced in 2003, approximately 70 Yankee Environmental Systems (YES) hotplate precipitation gauges have been purchased by researchers and operational meteorologists. A version of the YES hotplate is described in Rasmussen et al. (2011; R11). Presented here is testing of a newer version of the hotplate; this device is equipped with longwave and shortwave radiation sensors. Hotplate surface temperature, coefficients describing natural and forced convective sensible energy transfer, and radiative properties (longwave emissivity and shortwave reflectance) are reported for two of the new-version YES hotplates. These parameters are applied in a new algorithm and are used to derive liquid-equivalent accumulations (snowfall and rainfall), and these accumulations are compared to values derived by the internal algorithm used in the YES hotplates (hotplate-derived accumulations). In contrast with R11, the new algorithm accounts for radiative terms in a hotplate's energy budget, applies an energy conversion factor which does not differ from a theoretical energy conversion factor, and applies a surface area that is correct for the YES hotplate. Radiative effects are shown to be relatively unimportant for the precipitation events analyzed. In addition, this work documents a 10 % difference between the hotplate-derived and new-algorithm-derived accumulations. This difference seems consistent with R11's application of a hotplate surface area that deviates from the actual surface area of the YES hotplate and with R11's recommendation for an energy conversion factor that differs from that calculated using thermodynamic theory.
Historic carbon burial spike in an Amazon floodplain lake linked to riparian deforestation near Santarém, Brazil
Authors: Sanders Luciana M. , Taffs Kathryn , Stokes Debra , Sanders Christian J. , Enrich-Prast Alex , Amora-Nogueira Leonardo , Marotta Humberto 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Forests along the Amazon Basin produce significant quantities of organic
material, a portion of which is deposited in floodplain lakes. Deforestation
in the watershed may then have potentially important effects on the carbon
fluxes. In this study, a sediment core was extracted from an Amazon
floodplain lake to examine the relationship between carbon burial and
changing land cover and land use. Historical records from the 1930s and satellite
data from the 1970s were used to calculate deforestation rates between 1930
to 1970 and 1970 to 2010 in four zones with different distances from the
margins of the lake and its tributaries (100, 500, 1000 and 6000 m
buffers). A sediment accumulation rate of ∼4 mm yr−1 for
the previous ∼120 years was determined from the 240+239Pu
signatures and the excess 210Pb method. The carbon burial rates
ranged between 85 and 298 gCm-2yr-1, with pulses of high
carbon burial in the 1950s, originating from the forest vegetation as
indicated by δ13C and δ15N signatures. Our
results revealed a potentially important spatial dependence of the organic carbon (OC) burial
in Amazon lacustrine sediments in relation to deforestation rates in the
catchment. These deforestation rates were more intense in the riparian
vegetation (100 m buffer) during the period 1930 to 1970 and the
larger open water areas (500, 1000 and 6000 m buffer) during 1970 to
2010. The continued removal of vegetation from the interior of the forest was
not related to the peak of OC burial in the lake, but only the riparian
deforestation which peaked during the 1950s. Therefore, this supports the
conservation priority of riparian forests as an important management practice
for Amazon flooded areas. Our findings suggest the importance of abrupt and
temporary events in which some of the biomass released by deforestation,
especially restricted to areas along open water edges, might reach the
depositional environments in the floodplain of the Amazon Basin.
Comparing thixotropic and Herschel–Bulkley parameterizations for continuum models of avalanches and subaqueous debris flows
Authors: Jeon Chan-Hoo , Hodges Ben R. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Avalanches and subaqueous debris flows are two cases of a wide
range of natural hazards that have been previously modeled with non-Newtonian
fluid mechanics approximating the interplay of forces associated with gravity
flows of granular and solid–liquid mixtures. The complex behaviors of such
flows at unsteady flow initiation (i.e., destruction of structural jamming)
and flow stalling (restructuralization) imply that the representative
viscosity–stress relationships should include hysteresis: there is no reason
to expect the timescale of microstructure destruction is the same as the
timescale of restructuralization. The non-Newtonian Herschel–Bulkley
relationship that has been previously used in such models implies complete
reversibility of the stress–strain relationship and thus cannot correctly
represent unsteady phases. In contrast, a thixotropic non-Newtonian model
allows representation of initial structural jamming and aging effects that
provide hysteresis in the stress–strain relationship. In this study, a
thixotropic model and a Herschel–Bulkley model are compared to each other and
to prior laboratory experiments that are representative of an avalanche and a
subaqueous debris flow. A numerical solver using a multi-material level-set
method is applied to track multiple interfaces simultaneously in the
simulations. The numerical results are validated with analytical solutions
and available experimental data using parameters selected based on the
experimental setup and without post hoc calibration. The thixotropic
(time-dependent) fluid model shows reasonable agreement with all the
experimental data. For most of the experimental conditions, the
Herschel–Bulkley (time-independent) model results were similar to the
thixotropic model, a critical exception being conditions with a high yield
stress where the Herschel–Bulkley model did not initiate flow. These results
indicate that the thixotropic relationship is promising for modeling unsteady
phases of debris flows and avalanches, but there is a need for better
understanding of the correct material parameters and parameters for the
initial structural jamming and characteristic time of aging, which requires
more detailed experimental data than presently available.
UAV-based mapping, back analysis and trajectory modeling of a coseismic rockfall in Lefkada island, Greece
Authors: Saroglou Charalampos , Asteriou Pavlos , Zekkos Dimitrios , Tsiambaos George , Clark Marin , Manousakis John 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. We present field evidence and a kinematic study of a rock
block mobilized in the Ponti area by a Mw = 6.5 earthquake near the island of
Lefkada on 17 November 2015. A detailed survey was conducted using an
unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with an ultrahigh definition (UHD) camera,
which produced a high-resolution orthophoto and a digital terrain model (DTM).
The sequence of impact marks from the rock trajectory on the ground
surface was identified from the orthophoto and field verified. Earthquake
characteristics were used to estimate the acceleration of the rock slope and
the initial condition of the detached block. Using the impact points from
the measured rockfall trajectory, an analytical reconstruction of the
trajectory was undertaken, which led to insights on the coefficients of
restitution (CORs). The measured trajectory was compared with modeled rockfall
trajectories using recommended parameters. However, the actual trajectory
could not be accurately predicted, revealing limitations of existing
rockfall analysis software used in engineering practice.
Spatiotemporal variability of snow depth across the Eurasian continent from 1966 to 2012
Authors: Zhong Xinyue , Zhang Tingjun , Kang Shichang , Wang Kang , Zheng Lei , Hu Yuantao , Wang Huijuan 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Snow depth is one of the key physical parameters for understanding land surface energy balance, soil thermal regime, water cycle, and assessing water resources from local community to regional industrial water supply. Previous studies by using in situ data are mostly site specific; data from satellite remote sensing may cover a large area or global scale, but uncertainties remain large. The primary objective of this study is to investigate spatial variability and temporal change in snow depth across the Eurasian continent. Data used include long-term (1966–2012) ground-based measurements from 1814 stations. Spatially, long-term (1971–2000) mean annual snow depths of >20 cm were recorded in northeastern European Russia, the Yenisei River basin, Kamchatka Peninsula, and Sakhalin. Annual mean and maximum snow depth increased by 0.2 and 0.6 cm decade−1 from 1966 through 2012. Seasonally, monthly mean snow depth decreased in autumn and increased in winter and spring over the study period. Regionally, snow depth significantly increased in areas north of 50° N. Compared with air temperature, snowfall had greater influence on snow depth during November through March across the former Soviet Union. This study provides a baseline for snow depth climatology and changes across the Eurasian continent, which would significantly help to better understanding climate system and climate changes on regional, hemispheric, or even global scales.
Structural performance of split orthogonal beam joints in continuous beam‐type circular concrete‐filled steel tubular beam‐to‐column connections
Authors: Ando Nozomi , Fujinaga Takashi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA continuous beam‐type connection has been proposed as a new type of concrete‐filled steel tubular beam‐to‐column connection without a diaphragm exhibits good seismic performance. However, in a 2‐way configuration, the performance of the connection in a direction orthogonal to the continuous beam may be suboptimal due to beam splitting. In this study, a new detail of a split orthogonal beam joint was proposed and 4 specimens were constructed and tested under quasi‐static conditions. All the specimens attained the full‐plastic flexural strength for the beams and exhibited a stable inelastic behavior. The specimen in which the depth of the orthogonal continuous beam was 100 mm greater than that of the split beam exhibited good inelastic cyclic behavior, whereas two other specimens with a split beam exhibited slipping and pinching. Minor fractures were observed in the tube wall; however, the strength and stiffness did not deteriorate significantly, though a slight pinched hysteresis was observed. In addition, a finite element analysis was conducted. The split beam was largely rotationally constrained by the bearing pressure of the concrete above and/or below the beam flange. If the split beam's flange was sufficiently inserted into the connection panel, the stiffness and strength were ensured.