bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A critical analysis of cultural metaphors and static cultural frameworks with insight from cultural neuroscience and evolutionary biology
Authors: Nguyen-Phuong-Mai Mai 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to conduct a critical analysis to address cultural metaphors – a much overlooked aspect of cross-cultural studies. Mainstream cultural metaphors (e.g. the iceberg, the software of the mind, the onion, and the distance) are not only limited in number, but are also overwhelmingly based on the static paradigm – as opposed to the dynamic paradigm that is often sidelined in academic discourse.Design/methodology/approachThe paper introduces the Diagram of Diversity Pathways – an interdisciplinary framework that sheds some light on how the inherent meaning and heuristic orientation of static cultural metaphors may stand at odds with evidence from the newly emerged field of neurobiology.FindingsThe implications of these metaphors are called into question, namely, culture is all about differences; values are stable; values guide behaviors; and values are seen as binaries.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper suggests that theorists and practitioners should pay more attention to the contribution and scholarly work of the dynamic paradigm since there appears to be substantial compatibility between them.Originality/valueThe matching of neurobiology and dynamic paradigm brings into focus alternative metaphors which not only offer insightful perspectives but also may open doors to perceive culture in a new way. Furthermore, cultural metaphors deserve more academic scrutiny because metaphors and theory development can have a symbiotic existence.
Bank competition, government intervention and SME debt financing
Authors: Du Jianhua , Bian Chao , Gan Christopher 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of the government intervention and bank competition on small and medium enterprise (SME) external debt financing in Chinese capital market.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses ordinary least squares with standard errors clustered at the firm level. In addition, the authors use the dynamic system generalized method of moments to address the possible endogeneity issue in the regressions.

Findings
Using a sample of 908 firms from 2000 to 2010, the authors found that SMEs are more likely to access bank loans only in regions with higher level of government intervention than median government intervention. Further, the result shows that the government is motivated to help SMEs to obtain more external debt in regions where the level of bank competition is lower than the median bank competition index. Last, the authors found evidence that firms with politically connected CEOs are likely to access bank loans.

Research limitations/implications
This paper highlights that government intervention enables the SMEs to secure more bank loans. Second, the authors’ results imply that the government is motivated to help SMEs to obtain more external debt in regions with low level of bank competition.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the current literature by revealing that government intervention is the driving force alleviating SMEs’ constraints in accessing external financing. Second, this study finds the evidence to supports the argument that government has a strong motive to help SMEs to secure long-term credits for political purpose (Fan et al., 2012), when the level of bank competition is low (Berger and Udell, 2006).
Key sectors in carbon footprint responsibility at the city level: a case study of Beijing
Authors: Tian Jing , Lumbreras Julio , Andrade Celio , Liao Hua 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThis paper aims to identify key sectors in carbon footprint responsibility, an introduced concept depicting CO2responsibilities allocated through the supply chain containing sectoral activities and interactions. In detail, various key sectors could be identified according to comparative advantages in trade, sectoral linkage and sectoral synergy within the supply chain.Design/methodology/approachA semi-closed input–output model is used to make the household income–expenditure relationship endogenous through the supply chain where sectoral CO2emissions are calculated, and the production-based responsibility (PR) principle is evaluated. Thus, according to “carbon footprint responsibility”, modified hypothetical extraction method is applied to decompose sectoral CO2in terms of comparative advantages in trade, sectoral linkage and synergy. Finally, key sectors are identified via sectoral shares and associated decompositions in carbon footprint responsibility.FindingsCompared to 2005, in 2012, the PR principle failed to track sectoral CO2flow, and embodied CO2in import and interprovincial export increased, with manufacturing contributing the most; manufacturing should take more carbon responsibilities in the internal linkage, and tertiary sectors in the net forward and backward linkage, with sectors enjoying low carbonization in the mixed linkage; inward net CO2flows of manufacturing and service sectors were more complicated than their outward ones in terms of involved sectors and economic drivers; and residential effects on CO2emissions of traditional sectors increased, urban effects remained larger than rural ones and manufacturing and tertiary sectors received the largest residential effects.Originality/valueThe value of this paper is as follows: the household income–expenditure relationship got endogenous in intermediate supply and demand, corresponding to the rapid urbanization in megacities; key sectors were observed to change flexibly according to real sectoral activities and interaction; and the evaluation of the PR principle was completed ahead of using a certain CO2accounting principle at the city level.
Regional response to climate change and management: an analysis of Africa’s capacity
Authors: Faiyetole Ayodele Adekunle , Adesina Francis Adeyinka 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThe mainstream climate change community has primarily concerned itself with mitigation and adaptation strategies, both of which require monitoring and prediction. These four inter-connected response actions (mitigation, adaptation, monitoring and prediction) constitute the main strategies for managing climate change. This paper aims to weigh in on policies and societal coordination for effective management of the earth’s climate with respect to these four elements in Africa because of its socioeconomic peculiarities.Design/methodology/approachThe Delphi experts’ method backed by questionnaires was used to obtain relevant data for the study. The questionnaires were distributed to professionals dealing with issues related to climate change response and sustainability in various parts of the world, with a focus on Africa.FindingsWith respect to the strategies that are most needed for effective climate change actions in Africa, government’s policies, activities and decisions rank highest at 1.20 with ap-value of < 0.001, and financing is next at 0.93, mitigation is 0.83, prediction is 0.76 and adaptation is 0.68 (p= 0.048), at the 5 per cent cutoff. Also, for the most appropriate approaches to managing climate change across Africa, regional efforts are at least 8 times more effective than country-wide approaches, followed by continental efforts at 6.51 times, international cooperation at 3.99 times and inaction at 0.00 times.Originality/valueThe paper concludes that a holistic climate change management approach is important in Africa to contain the impacts of climate change in the continent.
Experimental study of two-way post-tensioned flat slabs in fire
Authors: Zhang Li , Wei Ya , Au Francis Tat Kwong , Li Jing 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the influence of tendon layout, pre-stressing force, bond condition and concrete spalling on the structural behaviour of two-way post-tensioned flat slabs at elevated temperatures.

Design/methodology/approach
Fire tests of four scale specimens of two-way post-tensioned concrete flat slabs were performed and analysed. Three of them were provided with bonded tendons, while the other was unbonded for comparison. The fabrication of specimens, phenomena observed during testing, temperature distributions, deflections and occurrence of concrete spalling were examined.

Findings
Different degrees of concrete spalling observed at the soffit had significant effects on the temperature distribution and stress redistribution. This was the major reason for the progressive concrete spalling observed, resulting in loss of structural integrity and stiffness.

Originality/value
The structural behaviour of two-way post-tensioned concrete flat slabs at elevated temperatures is less understood compared to their one-way counterparts. Therefore, the present study has focused on the structural behaviour of two-way post-tensioned concrete flat slabs with bonded tendons in fire, a field in which relatively little information on experimental work can be found.
Autoimmune diseases involving skin and intestinal mucosa are more frequent in adolescents and young adults suffering from atopic dermatitis
Authors: Cipriani Francesca , Marzatico Alice , Ricci Giampaolo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractEvidence has emerged about the relationship between atopic dermatitis (AD) and autoimmune diseases, but the underlying mechanism of this association is complex and still unclear. Recent epidemiological data from the published work suggest a positive correlation. The aim of this review is to analyze the frequency of co‐occurrence of AD and autoimmune diseases. Our systematic review included 22 articles from PubMed describing the reciprocal association between AD and autoimmune diseases. Although not all the studies achieved statistically significant results, patients suffering from autoimmune diseases involving skin and intestinal mucosa, such as vitiligo, alopecia areata, celiac disease and inflammatory bowel diseases, showed a higher risk to have AD as comorbidity. In contrast, patients with rheumatological autoimmune disorders did not show a significant correlation with AD. By analyzing the occurrence of autoimmune disorders in patients with AD, we confirmed a positive correlation between AD and autoimmune diseases involving skin and intestinal mucosa, but also with systemic lupus erythematosus, while the association between AD and type 1 diabetes, autoimmune thyroiditis and rheumatoid arthritis showed conflicting results. Further investigations are need to explain the mechanism underlying the observed comorbidity between AD and autoimmune diseases and to develop targeted prevention strategies and treatment.
Lipofuscin deposition causes the pigmentation of apocrine hidrocystoma
Authors: Kitamura Shinya , Yanagi Teruki , Imafuku Keisuke , Hata Hiroo , Shimizu Hiroshi 
Published: September 2017

AbstractApocrine hidrocystoma (AHC) is a benign cystic lesion arising from apocrine glands and frequently presents as a blue hae with a whitish gloss. It has been reported that the amount of lipofuscin and the degree of its oxidation determines the pigmentation of AHC. However, little is known about the correlation between clinical color and lipofuscin granules. In this study, we histopathologically investigated three cases of AHC and statistically analyzed the quantitative correlation between the clinical color tone and the amount of cytoplasmic lipofuscin deposits. The color tone was quantified as the mean gray value using Image J software. Statistical analysis showed a negative correlative tendency (P = 0.09) between the color tone and the amount of lipofuscin. Our study suggests that the color tone of AHC is associated with the amount of lipofuscin.
Clade II nitrous oxide respiration of Wolinella succinogenes depends on the NosG, ‐C1, ‐C2, ‐H electron transport module, NosB and a Rieske/cytochrome bc complex
Authors: Hein Sascha , Witt Samantha , Simon Jörg 
Published: September 2017

SummaryMicrobial reduction of nitrous oxide (N2O) is an environmentally significant process in the biogeochemical nitrogen cycle. However, it has been recognized only recently that the gene encoding N2O reductase (nosZ) is organized in varying genetic contexts, thereby defining clade I (or ‘typical’) and clade II (or ‘atypical’) N2O reductases and nos gene clusters. This study addresses the enzymology of the clade II Nos system from Wolinella succinogenes, a nitrate‐ammonifying and N2O‐respiring Epsilonproteobacterium that contains a cytochrome c N2O reductase (cNosZ). The characterization of single non‐polar nos gene deletion mutants demonstrated that the NosG, ‐C1, ‐C2, ‐H and ‐B proteins were essential for N2O respiration. Moreover, cells of a W. succinogenes mutant lacking a putative menaquinol‐oxidizing Rieske/cytochrome bc complex (QcrABC) were found to be incapable of N2O (and also nitrate) respiration. Proton motive menaquinol oxidation by N2O is suggested, supported by the finding that the molar yield for W. succinogenes cells grown by N2O respiration using formate as electron donor exceeded that of fumarate respiration by about 30%. The results demand revision of the electron transport chain model of clade II N2O respiration and challenge the assumption that NosGH(NapGH)‐type iron‐sulfur proteins are menaquinol‐reactive.
Trade Secrets Law and Corporate Disclosure: Causal Evidence on the Proprietary Cost Hypothesis
Authors: LI YINGHUA , LIN YUPENG , ZHANG LIANDONG 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThis study exploits the staggered adoption of the inevitable disclosure doctrine (IDD) by U.S. state courts as an exogenous shock that generates variations in the proprietary costs of disclosure. We find that firms respond to IDD adoption by reducing the level of disclosure regarding their customers’ identities, supporting the proprietary cost hypothesis. Our results are stronger for firms in industries with a higher degree of entry threats, for firms in more volatile industries, and for firms with a lower degree of external financing dependence. Overall, this study represents one of the first efforts in identifying the causal effect of proprietary costs of disclosure on the supply of disclosure.
Determination of crAssphage in water samples and applicability for tracking human faecal pollution
Authors: García‐Aljaro Cristina , Ballesté Elisenda , Muniesa Maite , Jofre Juan 
Published: September 2017

SummaryIn recent decades, considerable effort has been devoted to finding microbial source‐tracking (MST) markers that are suitable to assess the health risks of faecally polluted waters, with no universal marker reported so far. In this study, the abundance and prevalence of a crAssphage‐derived DNA marker in wastewaters of human and animal origins were studied by a new qPCR assay with the ultimate aim of assessing its potential as an MST marker. crAssphage showed up to 106 GC/ml in the sewage samples of human origin, in both the total DNA and the viral DNA fraction. In wastewaters containing animal faecal remains, 39% of the samples were negative for the presence of the crAssphage sequence, while those showing positive results (41% of the samples) were at least 1 log10 unit lower than the samples of human origin. Noteworthy, the log10 values of the ratio (R) crAssphage (GC/ml)/Escherichia coli (CFU/ml) varied significantly depending on the human or animal origin (R > 1.5 for human samples and R < −1.5 for animal wastewater samples. This study opens the way for further research to explore if different specific animal variants of crAssphage exist and whether other zones of the crAssphage genome are better suited to source discrimination.
Dispersal and inhibitory roles of mannose, 2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose and N‐acetylgalactosaminidase on the biofilm of Desulfovibrio vulgaris
Authors: Poosarla Venkata G. , Wood Thammajun L. , Zhu Lei , Miller Daniel S. , Yin Bei , Wood Thomas K. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryBiofilms of sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB) are often the major cause of microbiologically influenced corrosion. The representative SRB Desulfovibrio vulgaris has previously been shown to have a biofilm that consists primarily of protein. In this study, by utilizing lectin staining, we identified that the biofilm of D. vulgaris also consists of the matrix components mannose, fucose and N‐acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), with mannose predominating. Based on these results, we found that the addition of mannose and the nonmetabolizable mannose analog 2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose inhibits the biofilm formation of D. vulgaris as well as that of D. desulfuricans; both compounds also dispersed the SRB biofilms. In addition, the enzyme N‐acetylgalactosaminidase, which degrades GalNAc, was effective in dispersing D. vulgaris biofilms. Therefore, by determining composition of the SRB biofilm, effective biofilm control methods may be devised.
Expression of CXCR4 and VEGF‐C is correlated with lymph node metastasis in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Bi Ming Ming , Shang Bin , Wang Zhou , Chen Gang 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundThis study investigated the correlations between CXCR4 and VEGF‐C expression and lymph node metastasis in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsTumor specimens, lymph nodes, and normal lung tissues were obtained from 110 NSCLC patients who underwent complete resection. Quantitative reverse transcription‐PCR and immunohistochemistry assays were conducted to evaluate messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of CXCR4 and VEGF‐C. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis in NSCLC.ResultsCXCR4 and VEGF‐C mRNA expression were observed in 78 (70.9%) and 64 (58.2%) lung cancer tissues, while CXCR4 and VEGF‐C protein expression were observed in 76 (69.9%) and 58 (52.7%) lung cancer tissues, respectively. The expression rates of CXCR4 and VEGF‐C mRNA in metastatic lymph nodes were 84.8% and 66.7%, which were higher than that in non‐metastatic lymph nodes (27.3% and 18.2%), respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed that positive expressions of CXCR4 and VEGF‐C mRNA were independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis in NSCLC. Furthermore, combined expression of CXCR4 and VEGF‐C showed a much higher odds ratio than CXCR4 or VEGF‐C expression alone.ConclusionsCXCR4 and VEGF‐C were highly expressed in lung cancer tissues and metastatic lymph nodes. CXCR4 and VEGF‐C expression levels were significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis in NSCLC. CXCR4 and VEGF‐C might synergically promote lymphatic metastasis in lung cancer and might be a clinical predictor of lymph node metastasis in NSCLC patients.
Human Factors and Simulation in Emergency Medicine
Authors: Hayden Emily M. , Wong Ambrose H. , Ackerman Jeremy , Sande Margaret K. , Lei Charles , Kobayashi Leo , Cassara Michael , Cooper Dylan D. , Perry Kimberly , Lewandowski William E. , Scerbo Mark W. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis consensus group from the 2017 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference “Catalyzing System Change through Health Care Simulation: Systems, Competency, and Outcomes” held in Orlando, Florida, on May 16, 2017, focused on the use of human factors (HF) and simulation in the field of emergency medicine (EM). The HF discipline is often underutilized within EM but has significant potential in improving the interface between technologies and individuals in the field. The discussion explored the domain of HF, its benefits in medicine, how simulation can be a catalyst for HF work in EM, and how EM can collaborate with HF professionals to effect change. Implementing HF in EM through health care simulation will require a demonstration of clinical and safety outcomes, advocacy to stakeholders and administrators, and establishment of structured collaborations between HF professionals and EM, such as in this breakout group.
Identification of the trajectory of functional decline for advance care planning in a nursing home population
Authors: Lawrence Suanne , Robinson Andrew , Eagar Kathy 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveTo identify diagnostic groups and the form of the trajectory of functional decline that has the potential to enhance advance care planning (ACP) in a nursing home (NH) population.MethodsRetrospective, longitudinal study with dependent variable (function) derived from the Resident Classification Scale (RCS), 1997–2008. Trajectory modelling used linear and curvilinear terms.ResultsThe organ failure or other residents have a linear average functional decline. The organ failure residents had an average decline of 6.5 points per year and average function score at death of 68.6, CI [62.4, 74.8]. The cancer and frailty residents had significant curvilinear terms. The frailty residents had a slower rate of decline at 9.54 points per year and were most care dependent at death, with an average function score of 77.1, CI [73.8, 80.9].ConclusionFunctional change is a measurable variable for a predictive tool to enhance ACP for NH residents based on their diagnosis.
Self‐Concept Predicts Academic Achievement Across Levels of the Achievement Distribution: Domain Specificity for Math and Reading
Authors: Susperreguy Maria Ines , Davis‐Kean Pamela E. , Duckworth Kathryn , Chen Meichu 
Published: September 2017

This study examines whether self‐concept of ability in math and reading predicts later math and reading attainment across different levels of achievement. Data from three large‐scale longitudinal data sets, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development–Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, and Panel Study of Income Dynamics–Child Development Supplement, were used to answer this question by employing quantile regression analyses. After controlling for demographic variables, child characteristics, and early ability, the findings indicate that self‐concept of ability in math and reading predicts later achievement in each respective domain across all quantile levels of achievement. These results were replicated across the three data sets representing different populations and provide robust evidence for the role of self‐concept of ability in understanding achievement from early childhood to adolescence across the spectrum of performance (low to high).