bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The First Session of the Federal Educational and Methodological Association “Technosphere Safety and Environmental Engineering”: Results and Solutions
Authors: Девисилов  , Devisilov Vladimir 
Published: May 2016

The article gives the information about the first session of the Federal Educational and Methodological Association for
the group of specialities and directions 20.00.00 – “Technosphere Safety and Environmental Engineering”. The results
and solutions of the session, which was hold on in the new format, are analyzed. The participants of the Formed Federal
Educational and Methodological Association noticed new problems of higher education in the field of safety of technospere
and came to the decisions about the structure, composition, strategic and operational targets, which are set by the
Association for rationalization of the safety education, environmental engineering and environmental protection.
When the Meaning of Work Has Disappeared: Experimental Evidence on Employees’ Performance and Emotions
Authors: Chadi Adrian , Jeworrek Sabrina , Mertins Vanessa 
Published: May 2016

This experiment tests for a causal relationship between the meaning of work and employees’ motivation to perform well. The study builds on an existing employer–employee relationship, adding realism to the ongoing research of task meaning. Owing to an unexpected project cancelation, we are able to study how varying the information provided about the meaning of previously conducted work—without the use of deception, but still maintaining a high level of control—affects subsequent performance. We observe a strong decline in exerted effort when we inform workers about the meaninglessness of a job already done. Our data also suggests that providing a supplemental alternative meaning perfectly compensates for this negative performance effect. Individual characteristics such as reciprocal inclinations and trust prompt different reactions. The data also show that the meaning of work affects workers’ emotions, but we cannot establish a clear relationship between emotional responses and performance. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2426 . This paper was accepted by John List, behavioral economics.
When Experience Meets Description: How Dyads Integrate Experiential and Descriptive Information in Risky Decisions
Authors: Lejarraga Tomás , Müller-Trede Johannes 
Published: May 2016

How do teams make joint decisions under risk when some team members learn about a prospect from description and others learn from experience? In a series of experiments, we find that two-person teams composed of one participant who learns from description and a second participant who learns from experience arrive at shared decisions via mutual concessions. In doing so, they attenuate individual biases, such as the overweighting and underweighting of the probability of rare events. The social interaction thus leads dyads to make shared decisions that follow normative standards more closely than the decisions made by individual decision makers. Finally, in processing experiential information, dyads appear to be sensitive to the reliability of the experience: the more reliable the experiential information, the larger its influence on the dyad’s decision. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2428 . This paper was accepted by Teck-Hua Ho, judgment and decision making.
Nutrient-driven poleward expansion of the Northeast Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) stock: A new hypothesis
Authors: Pacariz Selma V. , Hátún Hjálmar , Jacobsen Jan Arge , Johnson Clare , Eliasen Sólva , Rey Francisco 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The Northeast Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) stock has increased and expanded its summer feeding migration west- and northwards since 2006, entailing large geopolitical challenges for the countries harvesting this species. A common perspective is that climatic warming opens up new regions for biota in the north. It has also been suggested that the presently large pelagic fish stocks deplete prey resources in the eastern North Atlantic during their summer feeding phase, forcing the stocks west towards the Irminger Sea in their search for food. Here, we suggest that the declining nutrient (silicate) concentrations observed along the northern European continental slope reduce primary and thus secondary production, exacerbating food scarceness in the east and adding to the incentive to migrate westward. The new westward feeding route requires that the fish cross the Iceland Basin, which during the summer season quickly becomes nutrient-depleted and thus might act as a barrier to migration after the spring bloom. Using mackerel and zooplankton abundance data from the International Ecosystem Summer Surveys in the Nordic Seas, we suggest that the oligotrophic waters in the central Iceland Basin force the fish to migrate through a narrow ‘corridor’ along the south Iceland shelf, where nutrients are replenished and both primary and secondary production are higher.
The pathobiology and pathology of aseptic implant failure
Authors: Athanasou N. A. 
Published: May 2016

Pathological assessment of periprosthetic tissues is important, not only for diagnosis, but also for understanding the pathobiology of implant failure. The host response to wear particle deposition in periprosthetic tissues is characterised by cell and tissue injury, and a reparative and inflammatory response in which there is an innate and adaptive immune response to the material components of implant wear. Physical and chemical characteristics of implant wear influence the nature of the response in periprosthetic tissues and account for the development of particular complications that lead to implant failure, such as osteolysis which leads to aseptic loosening, and soft-tissue necrosis/inflammation, which can result in pseudotumour formation. The innate response involves phagocytosis of implant-derived wear particles by macrophages; this is determined by pattern recognition receptors and results in expression of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors promoting inflammation and osteoclastogenesis; phagocytosed particles can also be cytotoxic and cause cell and tissue necrosis. The adaptive immune response to wear debris is characterised by the presence of lymphoid cells and most likely occurs as a result of a cell-mediated hypersensitivity reaction to cell and tissue components altered by interaction with the material components of particulate wear, particularly metal ions released from cobalt-chrome wear particles.Cite this article: Professor N. A. Athanasou. The pathobiology and pathology of aseptic implant failure. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:162–168. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.55.BJR-2016-0086.
Benchmarking the financial performance of local councils in Ireland
Authors: Robbins Geraldine , Turley Gerard , McNena Stephen 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
It was over a quarter of a century ago that information from the financial statements was used to benchmark the efficiency and effectiveness of local government in the US. With the global adoption of New Public Management ideas, benchmarking practice spread to the public sector and has been employed to drive reforms aimed at improving performance and, ultimately, service delivery and local outcomes. The manner in which local authorities in OECD countries compare and benchmark their performance varies widely. The methodology developed in this paper to rate the relative financial performance of Irish city and county councils is adapted from an earlier assessment tool used to measure the financial condition of small cities in the US. Using our financial performance framework and the financial data in the audited annual financial statements of Irish local councils, we calculate composite scores for each of the thirty-four local authorities for the years 2007–13. This paper contributes composite scores that measure the relative financial performance of local councils in Ireland, as well as a full set of yearly results for a seven-year period in which local governments witnessed significant changes in their financial health. The benchmarking exercise is useful in highlighting those councils that, in relative financial performance terms, are the best/worst performers.
Analysis of recent property price developments and implications for Local Property Tax liabilities and revenue yield
Authors: O’Connor Brendan , Lynch Donal 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The introduction of the Local Property Tax (LPT) in 2013 marked a significant reform to tax policy in Ireland. Initial liabilities for LPT were determined by self-assessment into bands of property values as of May 2013, and the first revaluation was initially scheduled for November 2016. Reflecting the significant residential property price growth which has occurred since the initial valuation date, this paper estimates the implications for LPT liabilities of a hypothetical revaluation at May 2015 property prices. Drawing on a range of data sources, the authors use a transition matrix approach to illustrate the likely changes in LPT valuation bands and liabilities for residential properties. Revaluation is estimated to significantly increase tax liabilities for some taxpayers, with properties in higher valuation bands in May 2013 incurring larger increases in liability. The analysis also indicates substantial regional variation in band changes, with the largest band movements mainly occurring in Dublin.
The phonesthetics of blends: A lexicographic study of cognitive blends in the OED
Authors: Smith Chris 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This preliminary study of 285 morphological and cognitive blends (attestation dates 1200-2012) aims to investigate the role of phonesthemes in the structuring of the English lexicon. A study of OED word origins shows a disparity between older (1200-1900) and recent blends (1903-2012). Sound symbolism plays an overriding role in over 50% of older blends, leading to a study of initial phonesthemes (i.e. consonant clusters). Several case studies of diachronic semantic shift attested in the OED point to the existence of multidirectional motivation ties. This preliminary study supports the psycholinguistic theory that 1) there is a structured secondary sound symbolism in English, and that 2) it is still productive today and may play a role in the creation of neologisms as well as ensuring their survival (see Bergen, 2010: 52). A more in-depth usage-based analysis using sophisticated measurement tools is the next step in the study.
English language students’ productive and receptive knowledge of collocations
Authors: Begagić Mirna 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The importance of collocations in second language learning has been recognized in the past few decades. There have been numerous studies in L2 acquisition research that investigated how the knowledge and use of collocations at different levels of proficiency affect learners’ communicative competence and language performance. Moreover, it seems important to mention that most of the studies investigating the collocational knowledge of students learning English as their L2, indicated students’ poor performance (Fayez-Hussein 1990; Aghbar 1990; Bahns and Eldaw 1993; Stubbs 2002; Wray 2002; Nasselhauf 2005; Ozaki 2011). The aim of this paper is to explain the notion of collocation as well as its most common classification, and to point out the importance of its proper use for English language students who are native speakers of the Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian (BCS) language. Furthermore, this study examines the productive and receptive knowledge of lexical collocations in order to access students’ collocational competence. The results indicate students’ poor collocational knowledge. This can be due to the fact that collocations of the language students are learning are interfering with the collocations of their mother tongue, but also due to the way students are taught English (vocabulary negligence in comparison with grammar and unawareness of the importance of collocations in language learning).
From introduction to phonemic symbols to development of transcription skills: A case study in the English Department at University of Tuzla
Authors: Jurida Sanel Hadžiahmetović 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The present study portrays some of the key aspects of connected speech in English, as adopted by 42 native Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian-speaking undergraduate students of English in the English Department, University of Tuzla, in the academic year 2013/2014. More specifically, the study shows how successfully these students developed their transcription skills in English, particularly when it comes to the use of diacritics for dental, velarised, and syllabic consonants of English, as well as for aspirated and unreleased (unexploded) English plosives. In addition, the study focuses on the coalescent type of assimilation. Connected speech (also known as rapid, relaxed, casual, or fluent speech) is characterised by a number of phonetic phenomena. The paper also analyses the level to which students enrolled in the English Department in Tuzla have developed a sense of elementary terms in this field, an understanding of the English sound system, and generally speaking, to what extent they developed their broad and narrow transcription skills.
An Experimental Analysis of Price Formation on the Polish Power Exchange
Authors: Drabik Ewa 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The Polish energy market gained its competitive character in late 1990s. At that time in majority of European countries a new law was enacted (in Poland – in 1987), which enabled the creation of internal energy markets. The Polish Power Exchange has been functioning since the end of 1999. However, from the very onset it has constituted a vital component of under grounding liberalization of electricity market. Since it was created the Polish Power Exchange has served as a market mechanism for setting objective energy market price. Support and control of the Polish Financial Supervision Authority guarantee the security of concluded transactions. The spot energy market was created as the first one and has functioned according to the rule of the double auction. The model of Sadrieh will be used for the description of the auction rules applied to the spot energy trade on the Polish Power Exchange. Furthermore, an algorithm on the basis of which it is possible to forecast transaction prices is presented. The effectiveness of this algorithm will be compared with other traditional methods of forecasting transaction prices.
Income Elasticity of Culture Expenses in Polish Provinces
Authors: Suchecki Adam Mateusz 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Decentralisation of public finance in Poland was an important element of changes in the political system of the country. As a result, some tasks of the state were transferred to the local government level. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the budget expenses on cultural tasks incurred by local government units in Poland in the years 2003–2012 and outlines the legal frameworks of the local government financial management in Poland. Using a model based on the double logarithmic function, the author tests a hypothesis, according to which the broadly understood culture might be regarded as a necessity or luxury good, depending on the value of the coefficient of elasticity of the expenses on culture incurred by local government units in relation to the gross regional product.
On regularization of vector distributions on manifolds
Authors: Nigsch Eduard A. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
One can represent Schwartz distributions with values in a vector bundle E by smooth sections of E with distributional coefficients. Moreover, any linear continuous operator which maps E-valued distributions to smooth sections of another vector bundle F can be represented by sections of the external tensor product

E
*

⊠
F

${E^{*}\boxtimes F}$

with coefficients in the space

ℒ
⁢

(

𝒟
′

,

C
∞

)

${\mathcal{L}(\mathcal{D}^{\prime},C^{\infty})}$

of operators from scalar distributions to scalar smooth functions. We establish these isomorphisms topologically, i.e., in the category of locally convex modules, using category theoretic formalism in conjunction with L. Schwartz’ notion of ε-product.
Memorialgesetze und historisches Unrecht. Wie Gedächtnispolitik die historische Wissenschaft bedroht
Authors: Flaig Egon 
Published: May 2016

Zusammenfassung
Im Jahre 2005 kam es in Frankreich zu einem ‚Historikerstreit‘. Dieser Artikel kontextualisiert jene Ereignisse in diskursgeschichtlicher Hinsicht und unterzieht die zentralen Elemente einer geschichtstheoretischen Prüfung: 1. Es geht um den Gegensatz von wissenschaftlicher ‚histoire‘ und gedächtnispolitischer ‚mémoire‘ und um das Überhandnehmen von Diskursen, die von ‚groupes mémoriels‘ vorangetrieben werden. 2. Skizziert werden die wichtigsten Merkmale jenes gedächtnispolitischen Diskurses, der trotz seiner Diversität gemeinsame semantische Knotenpunkte aufweist, und auf ‚Wiedergutmachung‘ und ‚historische Gerechtigkeit‘ zielt. Dessen Semantik besteht ausnahmslos aus Kampfbegriffen, welche analytisch nicht tragfähig sind, also logisch keine Kategorien sein können. 3. Erörtert werden – anhand der Untersuchung von Michael Schefzcyk – die spezifischen rechtsphilosophischen und geschichtstheoretischen Probleme, die sich bei der Konstruktion des Themas ‚historische Gerechtigkeit‘ stellen. Danach wird dargestellt, welche Diskurskonstellation es 2005 in Frankreich ermöglichte, ein Memorialgesetz auszunutzen, um in gedächtnispolitischer Absicht geschichtswissenschaftliche Ergebnisse unter gerichtliche Anklage zu stellen. Abschließend behandelt der Artikel drei Problemkreise: 1) Wie werden Leugnungen als solche offenherzig legitimiert mit dem Verweis auf Zwänge der ‚historischen Gerechtigkeit‘? 2) Warum ist es logisch und sachlogisch unmöglich, die Vorstellung einer ‚historischen Gerechtigkeit‘ zu einem fachwissenschaftlichen Konzept zu machen? 3) Wieso ergeben sich aus dieser Vorstellung geschichtsphilosophische Implikationen, die – gedächtnispolitisch induziert und rechtlich forciert – eine Historie als Wissenschaft nicht mehr zulassen?
Die Wissenschaft muss sich dem Thema dieses spezifischen Leugnens stellen, andernfalls wird sie allmählich gedächtnispolitische Konzepte übernehmen, ohne sich der theoretischen Reichweite dieser Übernahmen bewusst zu sein. Die Antworten auf diese Herausforderung muss die Historie formulieren aus der Tiefe ihres wissenschaftlichen Selbstverständnisses. Zu dieser fälligen Selbstreflexion will der Artikel einen Anstoß geben.
Mechanism and Regulation of Protein Synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Dever Thomas E , Kinzy Terri Goss , Pavitt Graham D 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
In this review, we provide an overview of protein synthesis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The mechanism of protein synthesis is well conserved between yeast and other eukaryotes, and molecular genetic studies in budding yeast have provided critical insights into the fundamental process of translation as well as its regulation. The review focuses on the initiation and elongation phases of protein synthesis with descriptions of the roles of translation initiation and elongation factors that assist the ribosome in binding the messenger RNA (mRNA), selecting the start codon, and synthesizing the polypeptide. We also examine mechanisms of translational control highlighting the mRNA cap-binding proteins and the regulation of GCN4 and CPA1 mRNAs.
Genetic Time Travel
Authors: Krause Johannes , Pääbo Svante 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
At its core, genetics is a historical discipline. Mutations are passed on from generation to generation and accumulate as a result of chance as well as of selection within and between populations and species. However, until recently, geneticists were confined to the study of present-day genetic variation and could only indirectly make inferences about the historical processes that resulted in the variation in present-day gene pools. This “time trap” has now been overcome thanks to the ability to analyze DNA extracted from ancient remains, and this is about to revolutionize several aspects of genetics.
La economía petrolera en un mundo politizado y global. México y Colombia
Authors: Ávila Forero Raúl Andrés 
Published: May 2016

La economía petrolera en un mercado politizado y global. México y Colombia, de la profesora Alicia Puyana Mutis, del Instituto Flacso de México, es un libro sumamente relevante hoy en día por la coyuntura hidrocarburífera que impacta al mundo. Todos los académicos y personas interesadas en una exposición clara y actualizada sobre el desarrollo petrolero mundial y sus matices para estos dos países encontrarán aquí una fuente de conocimientos precisos y formalizados para lograr entender la historia sectorial, la economía política del petróleo, el impacto de sus precios en el desarrollo socioeconómico mundial y cómo Colombia1 y México se han involucrado en la petrolización de sus economías.El documento pone de manifiesto por qué el petróleo y los hidrocarburos se han convertido en la savia del sistema económico y sociopolítico orbital y su control como eje de la política mundial. Mediante los ejemplos de los dos países, con claridad y agudeza, la profesora Puyana analiza cómo las bonanzas de producción y precios se transformaron en un agotamiento sistemático de las reservas, la petrolización de las cuentas fiscales2, el retroceso de la agricultura y del sector fabril y la precariedad del empleo y los ingresos. Una obra que da luces sobre los probables efectos de la reciente reforma energética mexicana y el impacto fiscal que tiene el sector para Colombia3, es sin duda una gran contribución al entendimiento nacional e internacional de la problemática petrolera, tan de moda hoy en día.
Association between Hand Digit Ratio (2D:4D) and Nonsyndromic Orofacial Clefts
Authors: Patrícia Helena Costa Mendes , Camila Reis Barbosa , Myriam Thatyana Miranda Esteves Da Silva , Lívia Máris Ribeiro Paranaíba , Daniela Reis Barbosa Martelli , Letízia Monteiro De Barros , Mário Sérgio Oliveira Swerts , Marise Fagundes Silveira , Hercílio Martelli Júnior 
Published: May 2016

Objectives Digit ratio (2D:4D) has been considered to be a marker in studies evaluating an individual's susceptibility to diseases, especially those diseases that show sex differences in their occurrence. We aimed to assess whether 2D:4D ratios are associated with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P) and verify the existence of a specific pattern of 2D:4D ratio in individuals affected by orofacial clefts. Design This was a case-control study. Methods Digital measurements of index and ring finger lengths of both hands of patients with NSCL/P (n =54) and age- and gender-matched controls (n = 54) were obtained using a digital vernier caliper. Mean ratios between the second and fourth digits were compared. Data were analyzed by Student's t test and Mann-Whitney test with a significance level of 5%. Results No significant difference was found between the mean digit ratios of the right and left hands between the groups for any analysis ( P > .05), neither for the whole sample nor for the distributions by type of cleft and by gender. Conclusions Although the development of the fingers and the occurrence of NSCL/P can be regulated by the actions of similar genes, our results are not consistent with an association between 2D:4D ratio and this craniofacial deformity. This suggests that intrauterine exposure to fetal androgens, assessed using this marker, is similar between patients with NSCL/P and healthy individuals. We highlight the need for further studies in populations with different ancestries.