bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hospital Use by Persons With HIV in the 21st Century
Authors: Hellinger Fred J. 
Published: February 2016

Objective:
The purpose of this study is to determine whether reductions in hospital utilization observed immediately after the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy (between 1995 and 2000) have persisted into the 21st century.

Data Sources:
Data on all human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related hospital admissions in 5 states (California, Florida, New Jersey, New York, and South Carolina) in 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2013 were obtained from the State Inpatient Database, which is administered by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. In addition, data on the number of persons living with HIV were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and from the California Department of Public Health.

Study Design:
This study compares the average number of hospitalizations per person living with HIV in each of the 5 states as well as the average cost for hospital care per person with HIV in 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2013.

Results:
The total number of hospitalizations by persons with HIV in the 5 study states fell by one third between 2000 and 2013 even though the number of persons living with HIV increased by >50%.

Conclusions:
Persons with HIV disease were 64% less likely to be hospitalized in 2013 than they were in 2000. In addition, the probability of a person with HIV being hospitalized fell 44% between 2000 and 2010 and 29% between 2010 and 2013.
Ultrasound Elastography Is Useful for Evaluation of Liver Fibrosis in Children—A Systematic Review
Authors: Andersen Sofie Bech , Ewertsen Caroline , Carlsen Jonathan Frederik , Henriksen Birthe Merete , Nielsen Michael Bachmann 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTObjectives:Adult studies have proven ultrasound elastography as a validated measure of liver fibrosis. The present study aimed to review the available literature on ultrasound elastography in children to evaluate the ability of the method to distinguish healthy from fibrotic liver tissue and investigate whether cutoff values for liver fibrosis in children have been established.Methods:A literature search was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to identify studies on ultrasound elastography of the liver in children. Only original research articles in English concerning ultrasound elastography in children with and without liver disease, younger than 18 years, were included. All reference lists of the included articles were hand‐searched for further references.Results:Twenty‐seven articles were included. Elastography in children without liver disease was investigated in 14 studies and the results were comparable to those existing for adults. Twelve studies compared elastography with liver biopsy in children with liver disease and found that cirrhosis was correctly diagnosed, whereas it was more difficult to assess severe fibrosis correctly. For the distinction between no, mild, and moderate fibrosis in children with liver disease the method was less accurate. Ultrasound elastography was able to differentiate between children with and without liver fibrosis. In children without liver disease ultrasound elastography showed consistent liver stiffness values comparable to those found in adults. No fibrosis‐specific cutoffs were proposed.Conclusions:Ultrasound elastography was able to diagnose cirrhosis, distinguish healthy from fibrotic liver tissue, and showed consistent liver stiffness values in children without liver disease.
An Empiric HIV Risk Scoring Tool to Predict HIV-1 Acquisition in African Women
Authors: Balkus Jennifer E. , Brown Elizabeth , Palanee Thesla , Nair Gonasagrie , Gafoor Zakir , Zhang Jingyang , Richardson Barbra A. , Chirenje Zvavahera M. , Marrazzo Jeanne M. , Baeten Jared M. 
Published: February 2016

Objective:
To develop and validate an HIV risk assessment tool to predict HIV acquisition among African women.

Design:
Data were analyzed from 3 randomized trials of biomedical HIV prevention interventions among African women (VOICE, HPTN 035, and FEM-PrEP).

Methods:
We implemented standard methods for the development of clinical prediction rules to generate a risk-scoring tool to predict HIV acquisition over the course of 1 year. Performance of the score was assessed through internal and external validations.

Results:
The final risk score resulting from multivariable modeling included age, married/living with a partner, partner provides financial or material support, partner has other partners, alcohol use, detection of a curable sexually transmitted infection, and herpes simplex virus 2 serostatus. Point values for each factor ranged from 0 to 2, with a maximum possible total score of 11. Scores ≥5 were associated with HIV incidence >5 per 100 person-years and identified 91% of incident HIV infections from among only 64% of women. The area under the curve (AUC) for predictive ability of the score was 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.68 to 0.74), indicating good predictive ability. Risk score performance was generally similar with internal cross-validation (AUC = 0.69; 95% CI: 0.66 to 0.73) and external validation in HPTN 035 (AUC = 0.70; 95% CI: 0.65 to 0.75) and FEM-PrEP (AUC = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.51 to 0.65).

Conclusions:
A discrete set of characteristics that can be easily assessed in clinical and research settings was predictive of HIV acquisition over 1 year. The use of a validated risk score could improve efficiency of recruitment into HIV prevention research and inform scale-up of HIV prevention strategies in women at highest risk.
Orbito-Masticatory Syndrome
Authors: Mettu Pradeep , Bhatti M. Tariq , El-Dairi Mays A. , Price Evan B. , Lin Amy Y. , Alaraj Ali , Setabutr Pete , Moss Heather E. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract:
We describe 2 unique cases of visual symptoms occurring during mastication in patients with lateral orbital wall defects. A 57-year-old man reported intermittent double vision and oscillopsia after a right fronto-temporal-orbito-zygomatic craniotomy with osteotomy of the lesser wing of the sphenoid for a complex invasive pituitary adenoma. Proptosis of the right globe was present only during mastication. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a bony defect in the right lateral orbital wall. A 48-year-old man presented with transient diplopia and scotoma in the right eye elicited by chewing. CT and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a bilobed lesion connecting the temporal fossa to the orbit through a defect in the right lateral orbital wall. The regional neuroanatomy and pathophysiology as pertaining to these cases are discussed.
Modeling cumulative biological phenomena with Suppes-Bayes Causal Networks
Authors: Ramazzotti Daniele , Graudenzi Alex , Caravagna Giulio , Antoniotti Marco 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSeveral diseases related to cell proliferation are characterized by the accumulation of somatic DNA changes, with respect to wildtype conditions. Cancer and HIV are two common examples of such diseases, where the mutational load in the cancerous/viral population increases over time. In these cases, selective pres sures are often observed along with competition, co-operation and parasitism among distinct cellular clones. Recently, we presented a mathematical framework to model these phenomena, based on a combination of Bayesian inference and Suppes’ theory of probabilistic causation, depicted in graphical structures dubbed Suppes-Bayes Causal Networks (SBCNs). SBCNs are generative probabilistic graphical models that recapitulate the potential ordering of accumulation of such DNA changes during the progression of the disease. Such models can be inferred from data by exploiting likelihood-based model-selection strategies with regularization. In this paper we discuss the theoretical foun dations of our approach and we investigate in depth the influence on the model-selection task of: (i) the poset based on Suppes’ theory and (ii) different regulariza tion strategies. Furthermore, we provide an example of application of our framework to HIV genetic data highlighting the valuable insights provided by the inferred SBCN.
Composition, Assembly, and Trafficking of a Wheat Xylan Synthase Complex
Authors: Jiang Nan , Wiemels Richard E. , Soya Aaron , Whitley Rebekah , Held Michael , Faik Ahmed 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Xylans play an important role in plant cell wall integrity and have many industrial applications. Characterization of xylan synthase (XS) complexes responsible for the synthesis of these polymers is currently lacking. We recently purified XS activity from etiolated wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings. To further characterize this purified activity, we analyzed its protein composition and assembly. Proteomic analysis identified six main proteins: two glycosyltransferases (GTs) TaGT43-4 and TaGT47-13; two putative mutases (TaGT75-3 and TaGT75-4) and two non-GTs; a germin-like protein (TaGLP); and a vernalization related protein (TaVER2). Coexpression of TaGT43-4, TaGT47-13, TaGT75-3, and TaGT75-4 in Pichia pastoris confirmed that these proteins form a complex. Confocal microscopy showed that all these proteins interact in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) but the complexes accumulate in Golgi, and TaGT43-4 acts as a scaffold protein that holds the other proteins. Furthermore, ER export of the complexes is dependent of the interaction between TaGT43-4 and TaGT47-13. Immunogold electron microscopy data support the conclusion that complex assembly occurs at specific areas of the ER before export to the Golgi. A di-Arg motif and a long sequence motif within the transmembrane domains were found conserved at the NH2-terminal ends of TaGT43-4 and homologous proteins from diverse taxa. These conserved motifs may control the forward trafficking of the complexes and their accumulation in the Golgi. Our findings indicate that xylan synthesis in grasses may involve a new regulatory mechanism linking complex assembly with forward trafficking and provide new insights that advance our understanding of xylan biosynthesis and regulation in plants.
Price-quality heuristic correlation with rates of product consumption
Authors: Priilaid David , Hall Daniel 
Published: February 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore the manner in which the rate of product consumption contributes to the formation and strengthening of the price-quality heuristic.Design/methodology/approach– The research included a literature review with a series of tests across a sequence of blind and sighted tasting experiments involving 278 subjects assessing seven differently priced products of orange juice, coffee and wine.Findings– The paper found evidence that consumption rates do affect the way consumers respond to price information and that sight-based “System 1” judgement errors accrue and increase progressively with consumption. This relationship was observed to be stronger in sight-based product assessments for consumption of four or more units per week compared to those consuming one unit per week. For blind-based product assessments, an inverse relationship between price affect and consumption was observed, with affect reported to be stronger for minimal rates of consumption.Originality/value– The observation of sight-based and blind-based affect relationships which are dependent on the levels of product consumption appears to be an interesting advancement in consumer behaviour research. This provides support for a dual structure of rationality operated by an interconnection between “System 1” sight-based associations and “System 2” blind-based ponderous thinking. The paper further provides support for Kahneman’s “conflation of intuition” as classically conditioned memory.
Exploring consumers’ behaviour towards short food supply chains
Authors: Giampietri Elisa , Finco Adele , Del Giudice Teresa 
Published: February 2016

Purpose
– Investigating the drivers of consumers’ behaviour towards purchasing in short food supply chains (SFSCs) and clarifying their relationships, the purpose of this paper is to test the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) in order to predict the intention and the behaviour under investigation.

Design/methodology/approach
– The research includes a literature review of SFSCs. To investigate all the variables (attitudes, subjective norms (SN), perceived behavioural control (PBC) and intention) underlying consumers’ behaviour towards buying in SFSCs, an exploratory survey with a TPB questionnaire and a principal component analysis have been carried out among university students in Italy. Using a system of simultaneous equations, the relationships among variables have been measured.

Findings
– Findings illustrate that both attitudinal variables (i.e. sustainability, typicality and loyalty), SN and PBC play a key role in the consumers’ intention, that has a predictive effect on behaviour instead of PBC.

Originality/value
– This paper fulfils the purpose to explain and predict post-modern consumers’ preferences towards SFSCs, in order to orient policy strategies to support SFSCs.
Behind intention and behaviour: factors influencing wine consumption in a novice market
Authors: Agnoli Lara , Capitello Roberta , Begalli Diego 
Published: February 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to advance the understanding of the decision-making process of consumers from novice markets facing the choice of a complex product like wine, explaining the determinants of their consumption intention and behaviour. It also aims to understand the link between product attributes and consumption intention and behaviour, analysing the role played by intrinsic and extrinsic cues.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study applies the theory of planned behaviour considering that individuals do not always have complete control of wine consumption behaviour, especially when they come from a novice market. A questionnaire survey, preceded by an exploratory phase, was conducted in St Louis, Missouri, a novice market for wine.

Findings
– This study identifies a novice consumer whose choice of a complex product is driven by experiential attitude towards the product more than the conditioning of referents, and even more than the perceived behavioural control and the interconnected concept of risk. The risk is perceived to a greater extent when it has to do with the functional nature of the product linked to its sensory component, rather than with its social or health connotations.

Originality/value
– This study assesses the role of intrinsic and extrinsic cues and of the perceived behavioural control, assumed as closely interconnected with the concept of risk, in explaining wine consumption intention and behaviour. Perceived behavioural control was omitted by previous studies applying the reasoned action approach to explain wine consumption behaviour.
Consumers’ willingness to pay for light, organic and PDO cheese
Authors: de-Magistris Tiziana , Gracia Azucena 
Published: February 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to assess consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for three different food claims on semi-cured, pasteurized sheep milk cheese. In particular, the authors used a health-related claim (the nutritional claim indicating a reduced fat content: “light”), a regional claim (“designation of origin – PDO”) and an organic claim (the European organic logo). Moreover, the authors investigated whether consumers’ personal characteristics could influence their WTP for those types of cheese.

Design/methodology/approach
– A home-grown experimental auction was applied in Spain during Spring 2012. The authors opted to use the nth random price with repeated rounds and without price feedback.

Findings
– The results show that consumers were willing to pay more for PDO cheese, followed by organic and light cheese. Moreover, respondents who were female, older and with a university-level education showed some environmental concerns, influencing their WTP for different cheeses.

Originality/value
– Empirical evidence on consumers’ preferences for PDO, organic and nutritional claims, evaluated jointly, is lacking in Spain. Moreover, the home-grown auction has several merits in terms of real market simulation and consumer preference application.
A multi-product approach for detecting subjects’ and objects’ covariates in consumer preferences
Authors: Capecchi Stefania , Endrizzi Isabella , Gasperi Flavia , Piccolo Domenico 
Published: February 2016

Purpose– A different framework based on a parametric version of the process generating the hedonic scores is adopted. More precisely, a probability distribution for ordinal responses is proposed as a mixture of two components, denoted as feeling (as expressed preference) and uncertainty component (as inherent indecision). The purpose of this paper is to analyse the effect of covariates on the consumers’ behaviour pattern according to a statistical model.Design/methodology/approach– Sample data come from a multidisciplinary research aimed to improve the quality and marketability of soft fruits. Then, a stochastic model with subjects’ and objects’ covariates is built and the interpretation of significant results is discussed.Findings– The joint effects of personal characteristics and chemical contents of juice on the hedonic scores given by consumers are examined and graphically depicted by means of a significant model.Originality/value– The paper suggests a multi-product approach to expressed hedonic scores by means of a generalization of CUB models.
Order effect in interactive information retrieval evaluation: an empirical study
Authors: Clemmensen Melanie Landvad , Borlund Pia 
Published: February 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to report a study of order effect in interactive information retrieval (IIR) studies. The phenomenon of order effect is well-known, and it is the main reason why searches are permuted (counter-balanced) between test participants in IIR studies. However, the phenomenon is not yet fully understood or investigated in relation to IIR; hence the objective is to increase the knowledge of this phenomenon in the context of IIR as it has implications for test design of IIR studies.Design/methodology/approach– Order effect is studied via partly a literature review and partly an empirical IIR study. The empirical IIR study is designed as a classic between-groups design. The IIR search behaviour was logged and complementary post-search interviews were conducted.Findings– The order effect between groups and within search tasks were measured against nine classic IIR performance parameters of search interaction behaviour. Order effect is seen with respect to three performance parameters (website changes, visit of webpages, and formulation of queries) shown by an increase in activity on the last performed search. Further the theories with respect to motivation, fatigue, and the good-subject effect shed light on how and why order effect may affect test participants’ IR system interaction and search behaviour.Research limitations/implications– Insight about order effect has implications for test design of IIR studies and hence the knowledge base generated on the basis of such studies. Due to the limited sample of 20 test participants (Library and Information Science (LIS) students) inference statistics is not applicable; hence conclusions can be drawn from this sample of test participants only.Originality/value– Only few studies in LIS focus on order effect and none from the perspective of IIR.
Exploring the information behaviour of users of Welsh Newspapers Online through web log analysis
Authors: Gooding Paul 
Published: February 2016

Purpose– Webometric techniques have been applied to many websites and online resources, especially since the launch of Google Analytics (GA). To date, though, there has been little consideration of information behaviour in relation to digitised newspaper collections. The purpose of this paper is to address a perceived gap in the literature by providing an account of user behaviour in the newly launched Welsh Newspapers Online (WNO).Design/methodology/approach– The author collected webometric data for WNO using GA and web server content logs. These were analysed to identify patterns of engagement and user behaviour, which were then considered in relation to existing information behaviour.Findings– Use of WNO, while reminiscent of archival information seeking, can be understood as centring on the web interface rather than the digitised material. In comparison to general web browsing, users are much more deeply engaged with the resource. This engagement incorporates reading online, but users’ information seeking utilises website search and browsing functionality rather than filtering in newspaper material. Information seeking in digitised newspapers resembles the model of the “user” more closely than that of the “reader”, a value-laden distinction which needs further unpacking.Research limitations/implications– While the behaviour discussed in this paper is likely to be more widely representative, a larger longitudinal data set would increase the study’s significance. Additionally, the methodology of this paper can only tell us what users are doing, and further research is needed to identify the drivers for this behaviour.Originality/value– This study provides important insights into the underinvestigated area of digitised newspaper collections, and shows the importance of webometric methods in analysing online user behaviour.
An optimal production/maintenance strategy under lease contract with warranty periods
Authors: Hajej Zied , Rezg Nidhal , ali Gharbi 
Published: February 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the optimal production policy and maintenance strategy for leased equipment under a lease contract with warranty periods. In order to have steady revenue, the lessor (owner) of the equipment may provide guaranty periods to encourage the lessee to sign a lease contract with a longer lease period.Design/methodology/approach– Under this production/maintenance scheme, the mathematical model of the expected total cost is developed and the optimal production planning and the corresponding optimal maintenance policy are derived by choosing the optimal warranty periods for the lessee in order to minimize the total cost.Findings– The influence of the production rates variation in the equipment degradation is considered by an increased failure rate according to both time and production rates. The impact of warranty periods on optimal maintenance planning will be studied thereafter. Finally, numerical examples are given to illustrate the analytical study and the effects of the warranty periods variation during the lease periods on the maintenance policy and consequently on the total cost.Originality/value– The paper proposes a new idea of production and maintenance coupling in the leasing aspect. This study shows that it has a novelty and originality relative to this type of problem which considers and proposes a new maintenance strategy for leasing contract. This originality characterized by the influence of two factors on the equipment maintenance strategy. First factor is the influence of the production variation production rates on the machine degradation degree that is new in the literature charactering by analytical equation that shows the evolution of the machine failure rate according to its use (which is in our case the production rate for each period) respecting in the same time the continuity of the equipment reliability for a period to another.