bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The study on the engine pressure variation of utilizing n-butanol-gasoline blends at fueling spark ignition engines
Authors: Sandu Cr , Pană C , Negurescu N , Cernat Al , Nuțu Cr , Georgescu R 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Alternative fuel solutions are highly regarded as potential solutions to more emissions regulation as well as more efficient energetic consumption requirements. The more efficient combustion engines become, the lesser resources they require to propel vehicles thus resulting in lower carbon footprint and lower pollutants such as CO, HC and NOx. Alcohols are promising alternative fuels that can be used to fuel vehicles, on their own or in blends with conventional fuels such as gasoline and diesel. A lot of studies have been done on alcohols such as ethanol, butanol and methanol. Each of the mentioned solutions have their advantages and disadvantages. Butanol looks a promising solution due to its high miscibility properties making it possible to blend in higher percentages with other fuels such as gasoline for example. Compared to ethanol, butanol is also less corrosive, making it ideal for older vehicles as well without any modifications to the fuel systems. Many studies have shown that the high oxygen content of butanol can help improve the combustion process in spark ignition engines, may improve thermal efficiency resulting in lower emissions and better overall engine stability. An improved engine stability can be measured by a lower variability between engine cycles during engine functioning. The objective of this paper is to determine the impact of fueling a spark ignition engine with a blend of 15% vol. n-butanol – 85% vol. gasoline on pressure variability and combustion. No engine adjustments/optimizations are done at fueling with the blended fuel vs pure gasoline. The baseline was set at an engine speed of 2500 min-1 and load of 55% while fueling with pure gasoline. After setting the baseline, the same measurements are done at fueling with the blended fuel.
Comparative dynamic analysis for a ventilated brake disk
Authors: Vieru I , Boroiu A A , Nicolae V , Marinescu D G 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The paper presents a comprehensive dynamic analysis of the ventilated brake disc that fitted on the braking system of a car. There were taken into account several variants of material for the brake disc, determining the own modes of vibrations and also there was performed a frequency response calculation that allows us to estimate the dynamic behavior of the constructive variants, with direct influences on the noises and vibration (NVH).
The analysis of the frequency response consists in the validation of the structures in relation to a vibration level in order not to ensure that the frequency response is not too high during a forced stress. Thus was calculated the inertia that characterizes the dynamic rigidity of the analyzed models at certain points, according to the specified directions.
The finite element method was used as the calculation method, and CATIA V5 was used as the application, both for modeling and analysis. The CATIA application is an easy environment and already familiar to designers, so it can be used successfully in making preliminary calculations on estimating dynamic behavior in some models used in new projects.
Implementing Model Predictive Control (MPC) in Steer-by-Wire Systems for Future Automated Vehicles
Authors: Changoski V , Vasileva A , Jakimovska K , Danev D 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The need for future green sustainable transportation represents a motivation for the researchers in order to create a better society. In this paper a proposed Steer-by-Wire system for future automated vehicles is analysed by implementing model predictive control (MPC) controller that would optimise the desired behaviour of the vehicle. By using MATLAB/Simulink, a bicycle vehicle model is simulated in standardised test manoeuvres according to standard ISO:7401. These results are used as referent data for the desired trajectory of the vehicle and as input data for the MPC controller. The idea of using these results for the controller is generated by the desire of creating a shared information intelligent systems. Shared information and control in the future intelligent systems would be crucial for creating the desired sustainable transport. By traveling, the vehicle would collect data of the desired measured variables and those data would be send to every other vehicle. Therefore, the next vehicle would possess the previous data and would try to improve the vehicle response and safety. Every optimised trajectory would be shared with the rest of the vehicles and this cycle would result in further optimization and in creation of a safer, more comfortable and more sustainable transport. The optimisation is done by the MPC controller which is responsible for defining the steering wheel angle and therefore creating the Steer-by-Wire system that is entirely defined by the MPC controller without driver commands. By comparing the trajectory of the automated vehicle and the desired trajectory gained from the previous simulations, the desired steering wheel angle is defined. This results in creation of a Steer-by-Wire system that improves the vehicle dynamics, safety and dynamic response of the vehicle. The mathematical modelling, results of the simulations and advantages of using the MPC controller for the Steer-by-Wire system in automated vehicle are presented.
Artificial Intelligence Supporting Early Automotive Engineering Processes
Authors: Kreis A , Hirz M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Due to progressive increase of complexity, the automotive industry is subject to constantly changing trends varying from the introduction of greener products and components to the deployment of technological advances in development and engineering processes. In relation to both, sustainable automotive products as well as the deployment of technological advances, the integration of AI (Artificial Intelligence) approaches in combination with virtual products in automotive development and engineering processes is of great importance. In combination with knowledge-based CAx (Computer-Aided engineering), the integration of AI approaches delivers an enormous potential to enhance automotive development processes. In addition to process optimizations, the integration of various AI approaches considers sustainability (e.g., optimization of component geometries and materials, reduction of emissions over the entire life cycle, CO2 reduction through improved development) and economical aspects (e.g., resources savings throughout the entire development process, time and cost savings through earlier error detection, avoidance of unnecessary process steps). The present approach deals with the integration of AI and knowledge-based engineering methods in the early phases of automotive development and engineering processes. Furthermore, the paper points to the time, cost and resources reduction potential, leading to earlier market entries and a greener industry. Finally, the paper demonstrates the integration of AI technologies into industrial development and engineering processes based on selected application scenarios.
Topology optimization with the redesigned suspension system of the internal combustion vehicle converted to an electrical vehicle
Authors: Dikmen H A , Deryal U , Yağli G , Günenç Ş 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the topology optimization of lower wishbone for a passenger car which is the converted of an internal combustion engine vehicle to an electrical vehicle was presented. On the other hand, the need to study on a suspension system arose for electrical car that was redesigned. In study, topology optimization of the structural design of the lower wishbone to be used in the front suspension was carried out by Finite Element Analysis (FEA) Method. For this purpose, firstly, the suspension spring curves and damper curves that will improve the handling, ride and comfort behaviour of the vehicle were determined, suspension system was modelled with the Multi Body Dynamics (MBD) approach. Hardpoints is necessary for vehicle dynamics and that is also an input for FEA were obtained from new suspension system via MBD analysis. In the second step, The preliminary design of the lower wishbone was created, taking into account together with the positions of the wheel drive shaft, suspension spring and brake system structural elements according to hardpoints. After designing the structure suitable for the joint types, initial design was studied on the remaining region that is for weight reduction region except the joint connection surfaces. Then, topology optimization was applied to the preliminary design for the selected load types that is come from MBD analysis. Thus, the excess volume on the preliminary design was determined for each load type. In the last stage, the results of topology optimization analysis were evaluated to reach out target weight and the producible design of the wishbone was made. Finally, Finite Element Analysis were applied to the final design for validation purposes within topology optimization work was done with the forces coming from Multi Body Dynamics. After statically solved Finite Element Analysis, a modal neutral file(.mnf) was created via FEA solver and was integrated to Adams Car as a flexbody. Flexbody was attahced to the other parts which are rigid bodies like nuckle according to Multi Body Dynamics approach. Dynamics durability cases was carried out via Adams Car. Stress results was compared to FEA results and evaluated depends on yield stress. Study results shows that the new design is lighter and competitive design and also safe in dynamics analysis for redesigned passenger car.
Comparative analysis of the manufacturing processes for 316L material
Authors: Sandu I A , Badea A G , Tabacu S 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The present work focuses on the investigation of a comparative analysis of the manufacturing processes for 316L material. It aims to highlighting the advantages but also the disadvantages offered by conventional and additional manufacturing methods. This analysis was developed for the austenitic material, stainless steel 316L (1.4404). Due to its properties, this material is used in an ample range of applications spread across various industries (automotive, medicine and medical devices, chemical, biomedical) by using the additive manufacturing techniques (AM).
Geometrical optimization and evaluation of the bridge safety guardrail
Authors: Ghereş M I , Cordoş N , Todoruț A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Lately, the rapid growth of traffic led to the construction of a new freeway bridge to ease the road congestion. This paper studied the crash behaviour of steel guardrails for semi-heavy traffic roads used on bridges. The guardrail structure is tested according to the SR EN 1317 standards at two velocity cases, corresponding to the TB 11 and TB 51 impact test description. To perform this evaluation study, the guardrail structure is first modelled in CAD environment software, respecting the commercial dimensions. The boundary conditions, the material properties assignment, and the load case creation are done by using dedicated FEA software. The obtained results are analysed and are proposed some design improvements to the base guardrail structure. The improved guardrail structure is tested under the same work conditions as the base structure. The conclusions of this research are presented in the last part of the paper.
Theoretical and experimental considerations regarding the airbag system operation
Authors: Oțăt O V , Dumitru I , Tutunea D , Matei L , Marinescu G 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The concept of Passive Safety aims to reduce the harmful effects on vehicle occupants and pedestrians in the event of an accident. Intelligent car bodies and restraint systems have been designed. Thus, side, front, knee and head airbag systems have been introduced, as well as pre-strained seat belts and force limiters. The objectives of car manufacturers are not only to reduce injuries that can cause death, but also a significant reduction of those that can result in permanent damage such as a whiplash. Advanced airbag systems are currently introduced, which offer protection to the occupants at the knees, torso, hips and abdomen. The topic proposed in the paper concerns both theoretical research on the operation of passive security systems, respectively the airbag system, and experimental research. Regarding the theoretical research, this paper proposes a virtual prototyping method by means of the LS Dyna software package of the airbag system functioning in order to protect the driver in the event of a frontal collision. For the analysis of the airbag system functioning, a complex assembly which contains of a dummy, seat, steering wheel, passive safety systems was used. For the experimental research a stand was designed for the analysis and testing of the airbag system, which has the role to protect the driver in the event of a frontal collision of the vehicle. In order to carry out the experimental tests, it was proposed to create a sledge type stand, which simulates frontal collisions.
Overview on potential, opportunities and trends for internal combustion engines
Authors: Raţiu S A , Mihon N L , Armioni D M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
As one of the most influential markets on the planet, the automotive industry is expanding and, despite the increase in the number of electric cars, its internal combustion engine sector is no exception. Thus, it needs to regularly adapt to the latest trends and changes imposed by the technological innovations that are constantly appearing. Also, in addition to the technical aspect, environmental trends must be taken into account, because they directly influence the evolution of the automotive field, leading it towards a greener future, with an emphasis on ecological and sustainable solutions for current problems. This article aims to offer an overview on the most relevant trends at European level, manifested in the field of sustainability, urbanization, individualization and digitalization, which make possible the restructuring process of the automotive industry, successfully integrating it in the sustainable sectors of the industrial economy. Also, the current situation regarding the European and Romanian automotive sector is presented and there are exemplified a number of ways in which internal combustion engines can be optimized for sustainability, in order to improve the performance of vehicles and their integration into the ecological trends of the moment.
Traffic analysis of different geometries of a junction for optimization of vehicle capacity and traffic safety increase
Authors: Lucian M , Ilie D , Racila L , Otat O , Oprica A , Gencarau N 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Identifying various vehicle movement characteristics inside a network requires a careful assessment and different measurements technics, in regards to road traffic studies. These measures are influenced by a variety of variables, including the direction of traffic, changes in daily transportation demand, junction geometry and location in areal of study, style of road and also the size of the study area. Examining various geometries and arrangements of lanes with different distributions of vehicle platoons of the junction based on traffic-related elements is the goal of this essay. The analysis of the junction in regards to the speed, volume, capacity, pollution and traffic safety can give alternative solution and provide a foundation for the implementation of various political strategies in the area.
Geoengineering and the Technopolitics of Planetary Crisis Management
Authors: Peoples Columba 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter analyses in greater depth modes of technopolitics that underpin proposals for planetary crisis management, especially those associated with ideas of geoengineering. Technopolitics, as discussed in earlier chapters, at its broadest denotes a concern with analysing the ways in which combinations of technologies and political institutions both produce and preclude forms of power and agency. The incorporation of an analysis of technopolitics allows for analysis of the combinations of technological and political-institutional instruments that have been proposed as possible ways by which to manage climatic and ecological crises. Specifically, the chapter analyses ways in which the (re)emergence of different ideas of geoengineering might in turn be argue to ‘co-produce’ emergent understandings of planetary crisis and emergency: fixing and fastening in place particular understandings of planetary politics, via imaginative conceptions of technological ‘fixes’.
‘Kant on the Deceitful Art of Rhetoric’
Authors: Lemos João 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Kant accuses bad rhetoric of being a deceitful art. In this article, I give an account of both what it means for Kant that bad rhetoric deceives and how this art deceives in the first place. Additionally, I explore significant moral and aesthetic repercussions of bad rhetoric’s being deceitful.
The article is structured into Part A and Part B. I start by reconstructing Kant’s technical definition of deception as disagreement between the semblance and the cognition of truth. I go on to argue that bad rhetoric deceives by promising more than it provides. I show that bad rhetoric deceives technically.
In Part B, I identify a distinctive trait of deception in bad rhetoric. By exploring this trait, I shed light upon Kant’s moral criticism of bad rhetoric, and I ultimately suggest Kant’s perspective on the appropriate aesthetic response to this art.
VISTA: an integrated framework for structural variant discovery
Authors: Sarwal Varuni , Lee Seungmo , Yang Jianzhi , Sankararaman Sriram , Chaisson Mark , Eskin Eleazar , Mangul Serghei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractStructural variation (SV) refers to insertions, deletions, inversions, and duplications in human genomes. SVs are present in approximately 1.5% of the human genome. Still, this small subset of genetic variation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, Crohn’s disease and other autoimmune disorders, autism spectrum and other neurodevelopmental disorders, and schizophrenia. Since identifying structural variants is an important problem in genetics, several specialized computational techniques have been developed to detect structural variants directly from sequencing data. With advances in whole-genome sequencing (WGS) technologies, a plethora of SV detection methods have been developed. However, dissecting SVs from WGS data remains a challenge, with the majority of SV detection methods prone to a high false-positive rate, and no existing method able to precisely detect a full range of SVs present in a sample. Previous studies have shown that none of the existing SV callers can maintain high accuracy across various SV lengths and genomic coverages. Here, we report an integrated structural variant calling framework, Variant Identification and Structural Variant Analysis (VISTA), that leverages the results of individual callers using a novel and robust filtering and merging algorithm. In contrast to existing consensus-based tools which ignore the length and coverage, VISTA overcomes this limitation by executing various combinations of top-performing callers based on variant length and genomic coverage to generate SV events with high accuracy. We evaluated the performance of VISTA on comprehensive gold-standard datasets across varying organisms and coverage. We benchmarked VISTA using the Genome-in-a-Bottle gold standard SV set, haplotype-resolved de novo assemblies from the Human Pangenome Reference Consortium, along with an in-house polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-validated mouse gold standard set. VISTA maintained the highest F1 score among top consensus-based tools measured using a comprehensive gold standard across both mouse and human genomes. VISTA also has an optimized mode, where the calls can be optimized for precision or recall. VISTA-optimized can attain 100% precision and the highest sensitivity among other variant callers. In conclusion, VISTA represents a significant advancement in structural variant calling, offering a robust and accurate framework that outperforms existing consensus-based tools and sets a new standard for SV detection in genomic research.
Virological History Predicts Non-sustained Viral Suppression With Long-Acting Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine Therapy, Independent of Pharmacokinetic Parameters
Authors: Gutiérrez Félix , Fernández-González Marta , Ledesma Christian , Losada-Echeberría María , Barrajón-Catalán Enrique , García-Abellán Javier , De Stefano Daria , López Leandro , Bello-Perez Melissa , Padilla Sergio , Masiá Mar 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to investigate factors contributing to non-sustained viral suppression, including intermittent viremia and persistent low-level viremia, during cabotegravir (CAB) plus rilpivirine (RPV) long-acting (LA) injectable therapy, with a focus on pharmacokinetics (PK).

Methods
A prospective cohort study was conducted on people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, PWH) transitioning from stable oral antiretroviral therapy (ART) to bimonthly CAB + RPV LA. Standardized follow-up included close monitoring through blood sampling for plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) viral load (VL) and multiple plasma drug concentrations measurements to analyze the connection between PK parameters and virologic outcomes.

Results
Among 173 patients with a median (interquartile range [IQR]) follow-up of 11.1(7.1–13.2) months and 789 pre-dose measurements, 38.7% experienced VL ≥ 20 copies/mL, and 16.2% had levels ≥50 copies/mL. Intermittent viremia occurred in 34.7% of patients, and persistent low-level viremia in 4%. Virological failure developed in 2 cases. Predictors of non-sustained viral suppression included VL at HIV diagnosis (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR]: 1.49 per log10 VL, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04–2.12, P = .027), detectable viremia on oral ART (AHR: 2.45, 95% CI: 1.29–4.65, P = .006), and the level of viral suppression at transition (AHR: 0.38, 95% CI: .19–.75, P = .004). We found a significant association between low trough concentrations of CAB and RPV and episodes of detectable viremia exceeding 50 copies/mL. However, none of the assessed PK covariates predicted non-sustained viral suppression in multivariable models.

Conclusions
Non-sustained viral suppression in PWH transitioning from stable oral ART to CAB + RPV LA was linked to preexisting factors before transition. Higher VL pre-ART and incomplete suppression on oral therapy increased the risk, independent of PK parameters.