bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pig nasal and rectal microbiotas are involved in the antibody response to Glaesserella parasuis
Authors: Obregon-Gutierrez Pau , Mahmmod Yasser , Barba-Vidal Emili , Sibila Marina , Correa-Fiz Florencia , Aragon Virginia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Vaccination stands as one of the most sustainable and promising strategies to control infectious diseases in animal production. Nevertheless, the causes for antibody response variation among individuals are poorly understood. The animal microbiota has shown to be involved in the correct development and function of the host immunity, including the antibody response. Here, we studied the nasal and rectal microbiota composition and the association with the antibody response against the pathobiont Glaesserella parasuis. We sampled the nasal and rectal microbiota of 24 piglets before vaccination (two farms) and at similar time in an unvaccinated farm (naturally exposed to the pathobiont). Microbiota composition was inferred by v3v4 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. The antibody response to either vaccination or natural exposure to G. parasuis was measured by ELISA and the variation between the levels before and after vaccination (normalized per farm) was used in the analyses.
Results
Piglets with higher antibody responses showed more diverse microbial communities compared to piglets with lower responses. Moreover, we were able to associate swine nasal core microbiota colonizers with higher antibody levels, such as several members from Bacteroidales and Clostridiales orders and genera including Moraxella, Staphylococcus, Fusobacterium and Neisseria. Regarding taxa found in the rectal microbiota, only associations at order level were detected with antibody responses pointing towards a positive role for Clostridialeswhile negative for Enterobacteriales.
Conclusions
Altogether, these results suggest that the microbiota is associated with the antibody response to G. parasuis (and probably to other pathogens) and serves as starting point to understand the factors that contribute to immunization in pigs.
Combining market surveys and participatory approaches to map small ruminant mobility in three selected states in northern Nigeria
Authors: Ijoma Sandra. I. , Mesdour Asma , Bolajoko Muhammad-Bashir , Nwosuh Chika , Bordier Marion , Bataille Arnaud , Abdulrahman Adeiza. M. , Nafarnda Wesley. D. , Arsevska Elena , Apolloni Andrea 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

In Nigeria, an enormous gap in knowledge on livestock mobility and its role in transboundary disease spread exists. As animals move, so do diseases. Therefore, there is a need to understand how livestock movements can contribute to the circulation and maintenance of infectious livestock diseases, which can impede the design of particular surveillance and control tactics in the event of outbreaks. Our study aimed to compare and combine market surveys and participatory approaches to map and describe small ruminant mobility in three selected states in northern Nigeria for better surveillance and control of small ruminant infectious diseases. We conducted a market survey via semi-structured questionnaires from 1065 market traders and 20 separate focus group discussions with traders and transhumance in 10 local government areas (LGAs) in the three northern states, namely, Plateau, Bauchi and Kano. The respondent movements by type, animal movement, and reason for movement were described and summarized. The data collected were used to reconstruct small ruminant mobility networks, whose nodes were LGAs, in the 3 states of the survey area and with other states in Nigeria and whose movements were mapped. The characteristics of both networks were studied via a complex network approach either separately or in combination. The use of these two approaches provides a complementary view of small ruminant mobility. The reconstructed networks are connected, highly heterogeneous and have very low density. The networks include LGAs belonging to 31 states. The presence of hubs increases the risk of disease spread. Gwarzo, Wudil (Kano) and Alkaleri (Bauchi) LGAs receive the most sheep and goats, whereas Jos North (Plateau) and Gwarzo supply more small ruminants. The Bukuru and Alkaleri markets are superspreaders with a relatively high probability of detecting virus circulation. Four to six multistate communities were identified. Our findings could support policy choices to identify priority areas for surveillance and disease control in small ruminants.
Hill function of oxyhemoglobin saturation quantifies power law parameters of subjective mental workload
Authors: Fürstenau Norbert 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Based on the assumption of limited cognitive and energetic resources and a formal logistic resource limitation model (LRL) we had published recently initial evidence for a power law function of quasi real-time measured subjective mental workload (MWL) as dependent on normalized task load (TL), using human-in-the-loop (HITL) air-traffic-control simulation experiments (Fürstenau & Radüntz 2022). Cognitive processing and memory resources invested in task execution determine MWL that is quantified through objective physiological measures such as heart rate and variability, EEG, HbO2 concentration changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated blood measured by fNIRS, and subjective methods like periodic quasi-real-time “instantaneous self-assessment” (ISA) with multilevel MWL-scales. Here we provide additional evidence for the cognitive MWL(TL) power law based on an extended LRL model, and we show quantitative parametric equivalence with the classical two-parametric Hill function of oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) saturation . Moreover, we derive a relationship between MWL and HbO2-saturation by extending the simple physicochemical reaction kinetics of Hb-oxygenation by a normalized TL-variable. MWL(HbO2) is characterized by the same parameters as the Hill function and provides a possibility to validate via regression based parameter estimates the model function directly through simultaneously measured quasi real-time subjective MWL and HbO2-oxygenation. Here we provide indirect evidence for the model by comparing corresponding theoretical MWL(HbO2-saturation) characteristics parametrized through experimental estimates of cognitive and equivalent physicochemical Hill parameters. Parameter estimates via nonlinear regression are based on published data sets from three independent HITL-simulation experiments with highly trained domain experts.
A mixed effects model for longitudinal designs considering multiple covariates
Authors: Draxler Clemens , Kurz Andreas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This article discusses a mixed effects logit model that can be viewed as an extension of the so-called linear logistic model (LLTM) by considering additional covariates assumed to have a linear effect on the logits of response probabilities of the persons. Specifically, it gives up the parameter invariance assumption of the original LLTM. The focus of the discussion is on repeated measurement and longitudinal experimental designs. It includes estimation procedures based on a conditional maximum likelihood (CML) approach and statistical tests of various hypotheses derived from asymptotic theory that represent different scenarios on effects of items, time points, and covariates. To illustrate the application of the model, inference on parameters, and interpretation of results, a real-data example from the field of developmental psychology is used.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Towards Urogenital Schistosomiasis Among Primary Schoolchildren in Abobo, Amibara and Kurmuk Districts, Ethiopia
Authors: Deribew Ketema 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Urogenital schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by Schistosoma haematobium and it is one of the public health problems in Ethiopia. When developing specific schistosomiasis control intervention program, the existing knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAPs) must be taken into account. This study aimed to assess the KAPs of primary schoolchildren towards urogenital schistosomiasis.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted through questionnaires to assess KAP on urogenital schistosomiasis among primary schoolchildren. A total of 1171 study participants aged 5 to 15 years were selected randomly.
Results: Of the 1171 interviewed schoolchildren, 654, or 55.8%, said they had heard of urogenital schistosomiasis. Among all respondents, 13.9% of stated that their primary supply of household water came from rivers or dams and 28.9% of them had history of urogenital schistosomiasis. Using river or dam water for household consumption had a significant association with urogenital schistosomiasis infection history (P = 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that males had significantly higher risk of having urogenital schistosomiasis infection history compared to females (OR = 3.01, P < 0.001). Children in low socio-economic status had higher risk of having urogenital schistosomiasis compared to high socio-economic status (OR = 2.81, P < 0.001). Compared to urban dweller, children in rural area had higher risk of having urogenital schistosomiasis (OR = 4.34, P < 0.001). Respondents who used river water (OR = 2.48, P = 0.005), and lake or dam water (OR = 3.33, P = < 0.001) are at more risk of urogenital schistosomiasis infection. Furthermore, respondents swimming or playing in river water had high risk of urogenital schistosomiasis infection history (OR = 1.62, P = 0.005).
Conclusion:This study showed that there was knowledge gap in schoolchildren about urogenital schistosomiasis causes, transmission, symptoms and prevention. Therefore, appropriate health education and behavioral change intervention is needed to create better knowledge among schoolchildren regarding its transmission, control, and prevention.
Whether the Liver-to-Portal Vein Ratio is Applicable for Evaluating the European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology Hepatobiliary Phase in Gd-EOB-DTPA-Enhanced MRI?
Authors: Wang Chao , Song Yancheng , Pan Zhibin , Li Guoce , Liu Fenghai , Yuan Xiaodong 
Published: October 2024

Purpose:
This study aimed to verify whether the Liver-to-portal Ratio (LPR) can assess the adequacy of the Hepatobiliary Phase (HBP) for patients with
different liver functions.

Methods:
A total of 125 patients were prospectively enrolled in the study and graded into the non-cirrhosis group (45), Child-Pugh A group (40), and Child-
Pugh B/C group (40). The LPR on HBP was calculated after eight HBPs were obtained within 5-40 minutes. The adequate HBP was determined
according to the 2016 European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology (ESGAR) consensus statement. The differences in LPR and
lesions’ conspicuity between 10-min HBP and adequate HBP were analyzed by paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test, respectively. The chisquare
test was used to test the difference in proportion with LPR larger than 1.462 between 10-min HBP and adequate HBP.

Results:
The differences in LPR and lesions’ conspicuity between 10-min HBP and adequate HBP were significant in Child-Pugh A and Child-Pugh B/C
groups (P < 0.05), except for the non-cirrhosis group (P > 0.05). The differences in proportion with LPR larger than 1.462 between 10-min HBP
and adequate HBP were not statistically significant in all groups (all P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
The adequate HBP obtained according to the 2016 ESGAR consensus statement could provide larger LPR and better lesions’ conspicuity than 10-
min HBP, especially for cirrhotic patients; however, the efficacy of using an LPR cutoff of 1.462 as the standard of the adequate HBP may be
compromised in patients with cirrhosis.
Gastrointestinal and Liver Histopathology in Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Patients: A Case Series
Authors: Geramizadeh Bita , Yazdanparast Maryam , Mahboobi Hamidreza 
Published: October 2024

Background and Objectives:
The COVID-19 pandemic, primarily affecting the res-piratory system, has raised questions about its impact on the gastrointestinal (GI) system and liver. Current literature highlights a knowledge gap in understanding the intricate effects of COVID-19 on these organs. This study aims to investigate gastrointestinal and liver histopathol-ogy in confirmed SARS-CoV-2 patients.

Methodology:
A retrospective study was conducted in 2022, examining pathology slides from 37 COVID-19 patients at Namazi and Abu-Ali Sina hospitals in Shiraz, Iran. The sample pop-ulation comprised all of the cases (37 patients) with confirmed COVID-19 and any type of GI pathology sample for histopathology during the study period. Data included demographics, comorbidities, symptoms, and pathology findings.

Results:
The study revealed a diverse comorbidity landscape, with 45.9% having no comorbid-ities. Gastritis was prevalent (54.1%), accompanied by ulceration (8.1%) and mucosal edema (21.6%). Among the patients studied, four underwent liver biopsies. The pathological findings from these biopsies included cirrhosis, autoimmune hepatitis, chronic inflammation and fibro-sis, and microvesicular glycogenosis.

Conclusion:
Gastrointestinal and liver histopathologies in COVID-19 patients were heteroge-neous and nonspecific, possibly influenced by comorbidities. Given the potential of SARS-CoV-2 to infect the enterocytes and hepatocytes and the possible involvement of other factors, such as drugs, ischemia, or preexisting conditions, in the gastrointestinal and liver injury of COVID-19 patients, more research is warranted to better understand the pathogenesis and clin-ical implications of these findings.
Nurse’s Roles Evolve in Diabetes Care and Education
Authors: Childs Belinda P. , Cypress Marjorie , Spollett Geralyn 
Published: October 2024

Preview
Nearly one-half of all Americans have or are at risk for developing diabetes. Nurses have played an integral role in providing diabetes care and education to individuals with diabetes and their families for years. With the increasing prevalence of diabetes, the nurse’s role will be pivotal in providing individuals with diabetes with the knowledge, skills, and strategies required to prevent acute complications as well as reduce the risk of long-term complications. Nurses in all settings contribute to the care and education of individuals with diabetes. Equally important is the role of all nurses in all settings to promote healthy lifestyles to reduce the growing prevalence of diabetes.
This chapter not only discusses the evolving role of the diabetes nurse specialist but also considers the roles of the nurse in a variety of health-care settings.
Transformation of values, consumption and production structure in modern Russia
Authors: Dolina O. N. , Shpilkina T. A. , Filimonova N. N. 
Published: October 2024

The presented publication of the authors reveals the issues of transformation of values, consumption and the structure of production in modern Russia. The study analyzed the problems of understanding education, material and spiritual values and reasonable consumption in modern society. It is responsible (reasonable, sustainable) consumption in the economy that implies the rational use of natural and other resources in order to meet the necessary needs.The study pays attention to the role of teaching staff in the educational process at all levels: from kindergarten to high school. The dynamics of the number of certain categories of social workers and scientists in the Russian Federation for 2021–2023 is presented in comparison with the number of children born in 2006–2017 and 2022, which is important given the implementation of the Year of the Family in 2024.
Botanical oleander extract and oleandrin have superior effects on innate immune functions pertaining to dermal allergic reactions in canine cells when compared to oclacitinib
Authors: Fossum Theresa W. , Jensen Gitte S. , Newman Robert A. , Matos Jose R. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To perform testing for cytokines involved in dermal inflammatory reactions and to document and compare the effects of an oleander extract (OE), oleandrin, and oclacitinib on biomarkers relevant to allergic reactions. The effects of these compounds under inflamed culture conditions are of direct importance to the treatment of canine atopic dermatitis.

METHODS
Testing involved primary canine dermal fibroblasts and the canine DH82 macrophage cell line; both cell types are important for initiating, regulating, and resolving dermal allergic reactions via cytokine communication.

RESULTS
Under inflamed conditions, OE and oleandrin downregulated key cytokines secreted by canine dermal fibroblasts and the DH82 macrophage cell line; all of which are treatment targets in dermatitis. In the DH82 macrophage cultures, the most noteworthy reductions involved IL-6, IL-12/IL-23p40, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, VEGF, and nerve growth factor-β. Oclacitinib triggered reductions of some cytokines involved in allergic reactions, including TGF-β1, IL-12/IL-23p40, and tumor necrosis factor-α; however, these reductions were less robust than the reductions triggered by OE and oleandrin and accompanied by increases in other cytokines involved in dermal inflammation, including IL-6, interferon-γ, and nerve growth factor-β. In cultures of primary dermal fibroblasts, OE and oleandrin reduced the levels of IL-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, whereas oclacitinib had little or no effect.

CONCLUSIONS
Oleander extract and oleandrin directly modulate immune responses under inflamed conditions. Moreover, OE and oleandrin appear to provide a more beneficial overall cytokine regulation than oclacitinib under inflamed culture conditions.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
These results suggest that OE and oleandrin are efficacious agents to treat canine atopic dermatitis. Future studies should evaluate the efficacy of these compounds in dogs affected by atopic dermatitis.
Computed tomographic features of pulmonary and extrapulmonary lesions can be useful in prioritizing the diagnosis of hemangiosarcoma metastases in dogs
Authors: Mattolini Mirko , Citi Simonetta , Franchi Roberta , Meucci Valentina , Carozzi Gregorio , Gianni Beatrice , Caleri Elvanessa , Rossi Federica 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to evaluate the CT features of pulmonary metastases in dogs with hemangiosarcoma (HSA) at various sites. Additionally, the CT characteristics of extrapulmonary metastases in the same population were assessed.

METHODS
Retrospective, observational, and descriptive study conducted from April 2013 to January 2024. Dogs with histologically confirmed HSA and suspected or cytologically/histologically confirmed lung metastases were included. Dogs were excluded if they had a second primary tumor or only 1 unsampled pulmonary nodule.

RESULTS
33 dogs were included, with 26/33 [78.8%] having more than 10 metastatic pulmonary nodules. Most nodules were generalized (24/33 [72.7%]), miliary (29/33 [87.9%]) to subcentimetric (32/33 [97%]) in size, well-defined margins (29/33 [87.9%]), or a perilesional halo sign (24/33 [72.7%]). When more than 10 nodules were present, a generalized distribution was prevalent, while a peripheral location was more common when 2 to 10 nodules were present (P < .0001). In 32/33 (97%) cases, a pulmonary vessel was directly connected to the nodule (feeding vessel). After contrast administration, most lung metastases appeared homogenous (26/33 [78.8%]), although some showed areas of intense enhancement (5/33 [15.1%]) a feature also observed in extrapulmonary metastases with varying frequency (0% to 85.7%).

CONCLUSIONS
Pulmonary HSA metastases were characterized by generalized, small (miliary/subcentimetric), well-defined nodules, commonly associated with a halo sign and feeding vessel. Intralesional areas of spotty postcontrast linear or amorphous strong hyperdensity were frequently observed especially in extrapulmonary metastases.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
These features may help radiologists and clinicians orient their diagnosis toward metastatic HSA.
Excretory urography can track down morphological changes in the urinary bladder associated with urachal anomalies in calves for early diagnosis
Authors: Yamada Kazutaka , Morita Itsuki , Kazama Kei , Aihara Naoyuki , Hori Kaoru , Kondo Taro , Kawai Kazuhiro , Onda Ken 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To investigate radiographic detection by excretory urography of morphological changes in the urinary bladder associated with urachal anomalies in calves.

METHODS
Excretory urography was performed to detect morphological changes in the urinary bladder of 13 calves, of which 6 were nondysuric with swelling of umbilical region and 7 were dysuric without clinical umbilical swelling from November 2022 through April 2024.

RESULTS
The urinary bladder was delineated in all 13 calves after excretory urography. The aspect ratios (length:height), which objectively evaluate the shape of the urinary bladder, ranged from 1.08 to 2.43 (1.90 in average) and 1.34 to 11.89 (4.75 in average) in nondysuric and dysuric calves, respectively. The ratios of calves with nondysuric were significantly lower than those of dysuric (P < .05).

CONCLUSIONS
Excretory urography could play an important role in evaluating abnormal morphological changes due to urachus anomalies in the urinary bladder of calves.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Among calves with dysuria, urachal anomaly should be included in the differential diagnosis. Excretory urography is proposed as an alternative option for early diagnosis among calves presenting with dysuria to improve livestock productivity.