bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
National Programme for Control of Blindness (NPCB) in the 12th Five year plan: An Overview
Authors: Vemparala Rajshekhar , Gupta Promila 
Published: March 2017

National Programme for Control of Blindness(NPCB) has been the most successful programmes. The major challenges include comprehensive eye care to the underserved population, development of sustainable infrastructure and strengthening of human resources while keeping abreast with latest technological advancements.
Provision for free cataract surgeries, strengthening of Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, development of human resources including training of Ophthalmic surgeons, paramedical ophthalmic assistant to ensure quality eye care services in the country are few of the core functions of NPCB. Information Education and Communication(IEC) is an important component to create awareness in the community.
The 11th five year plan has overcome several challenges with renewed emphasis for Diabetic Retinopathy, Glaucoma, Childhood Blindness besides core diseases including cataract and refractive errors.
The current report details the strategies, scope and newer initiatives of NPCB in the 12th Five Year Plan.
Tranexamic Acid During Radical Cystectomy
Authors: Breau Rodney H. , Lavallée Luke T. , Cagiannos Ilias , Momoli Franco , Bryson Gregory L. , Kanji Salmaan , Morash Christopher , Turgeon Alexis F. , Zarychanski Ryan , Houston Brett L. , McIsaac Daniel I. , Mallick Ranjeeta , Knoll Greg A. , Kulkarni Girish , Izawa Jonathan , Saad Fred , Kassouf Wassim , Fradet Vincent , Rendon Ricardo , Shayegan Bobby , Fairey Adrian , Drachenberg Darrel E. , Fergusson Dean 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceAmong cancer surgeries, patients requiring open radical cystectomy have the highest risk of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. Prophylactic tranexamic acid (TXA) reduces blood loss during cardiac and orthopedic surgery, and it is possible that similar effects of TXA would be observed during radical cystectomy.ObjectiveTo determine whether TXA, administered before incision and for the duration of radical cystectomy, reduced the number of RBC transfusions received by patients up to 30 days after surgery.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe Tranexamic Acid During Cystectomy Trial (TACT) was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial with enrollment between June 2013 and January 2021. This multicenter trial was conducted in 10 academic centers. A consecutive sample of patients was eligible if the patients had a planned open radical cystectomy for the treatment of bladder cancer.InterventionBefore incision, patients in the intervention arm received a loading dose of intravenous TXA, 10 mg/kg, followed by a maintenance infusion of 5 mg/kg per hour for the duration of the surgery. In the control arm, patients received indistinguishable matching placebo.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was receipt of RBC transfusion up to 30 days after surgery.ResultsA total of 386 patients were assessed for eligibility, and 33 did not meet eligibility. Of 353 randomized patients (median [IQR] age, 69 [62-75] years; 263 male [74.5%]), 344 were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. RBC transfusion up to 30 days occurred in 64 of 173 patients (37.0%) in the TXA group and 64 of 171 patients (37.4%) in the placebo group (relative risk, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.83-1.18). There were no differences in secondary outcomes among the TXA group vs placebo group including mean (SD) number of RBC units transfused (0.9 [1.5] U vs 1.1 [1.8] U; P = .43), estimated blood loss (927 [733] mL vs 963 [624] mL; P = .52), intraoperative transfusion (28.3% [49 of 173] vs 24.0% [41 of 171]; P = .08), or venous thromboembolic events (3.5% [6 of 173] vs 2.9% [5 of 171]; P = .57). Non–transfusion-related adverse events were similar between groups.Conclusions and RelevanceResults of this randomized clinical trial reveal that TXA did not reduce blood transfusion in patients undergoing open radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. Based on this trial, routine use of TXA during open radical cystectomy is not recommended.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01869413
Modeling movements improves capture–recapture estimates for mobile species with sparse data: Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in Viscount Melville sound
Authors: Regehr Eric V. , Baryluk Steven , Boulanger John , Branigan Marsha , d'Eon‐Eggertson Faye , Pongracz Jodie , Thom Adam , Richardson Evan S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWildlife management requires estimates of demographic parameters that are difficult to obtain for mobile species at low densities. Biased parameter estimates often result from capture–recapture (CR) studies due to small sample sizes and unequal recapture probabilities, the latter of which can be caused by animal movements with respect to the sampling area. We developed a multistate CR model designed to minimize biases by including multiple data types (capture, harvest, natural mortality, and telemetry) and accounting for temporary emigration. We applied the model to data collected intensively from 2012 to 2014, and intermittently since the 1970s, for the Viscount Melville (VM) subpopulation of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in the Canadian Arctic. The number of bears within the VM subpopulation boundary likely increased from an average of 145 (Bayesian 95% credible interval [CRI] [109, 221]) in 1989–1992 to 235 (95% CRI [148, 569]) in 2012–2014. Survival probability increased for all sex and age classes except adult females, for which estimates declined due to unknown reasons. Polar bear movements exhibited Markovian dependence with approximately 28% of the subpopulation located outside of the sampling area each spring. This contributed to inaccurate parameter estimates when using a simpler, single‐state CR model that only included capture data. Although the interpretation of demographic status was complicated by statistical uncertainty and changes in study design, our findings suggest that—as of 2014—the VM polar bear subpopulation had likely recovered from an earlier period of overharvest, was stable, and had not exhibited detectable negative effects of climate warming.
Biomimetic Single‐Atom Nanozyme for Dual Starvation‐Enhanced Breast Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Ni , Ping Wei , Xiang Jingfeng , Chu Sitong , Li Dan , Ning Shipeng , Zhu Daoming , Zeng Wen , Xu Qingyong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCold exposure (CE) therapy is an innovative and cost‐efficient cancer treatment that activates brown adipose tissue to compete for glucose uptake, leading to metabolic starvation in tumors. Exploring the combined antitumor mechanisms of CE and traditional therapies (such as nanocatalysis) is exciting and promising. In this study, a platelet membrane biomimetic single‐atom nanozyme (SAEs) nanodrug (PFB) carrying bis‐2‐(5–phenylacetamido‐1, 2, 4‐thiadiazol‐2‐yl) ethyl sulfide (BPTES) is developed for use in cancer CE therapy. Owing to the platelet membrane modification, PFB can effectively target tumors. Upon entering cancer cells, the dual starvation effect induced by CE treatment and BPTES can significantly diminish intracellular glucose and ATP levels, resulting in a substantial reduction in cellular (glutathione) GSH, which can enhance the cytotoxic efficacy of reactive oxygen species generated by SAEs. This strategy not only boosts ROS production in tumors, but also strengthens immune responses, particularly by increasing memory T‐cell abundance and suppressing distant tumor growth and tumor metastasis. Compared with SAEs therapy alone, this combined approach offers superior benefits for tumor immunotherapy. This study achieves a combination of CE and nanomedicines for the first time, providing new ideas for future nanomedicine combination therapy modalities.
Wet Chemical Method ZnF2 Interlayer for High Critical Current Density Lithium Metal Batteries Utilizing Ba and Ta–Doped Li7La3Zr2O12 Garnet Solid Electrolyte
Authors: Sarkar Subhajit , Surendran Vishnu , Thangadurai Venkataraman 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLi metal batteries with garnet‐type solid electrolytes have the potential to increase specific energy and power densities of current Li‐ion batteries. Li metal batteries have been hampered by the poor wettability of solid electrolyte with elemental lithium. Here, to resolve the solid garnet electrolyte/Li interface issue, a scalable, cost‐effective, and efficient surfactant‐assisted wet‐chemical strategy is developed. A ZnF2 interlayer coating is applied on Ba and Ta ‐co‐doped Li7La2.75Ba0.25Zr1.75Ta0.25O12 that formed LiF and Li‐Zn alloy upon contact with molten Li. Conformal contact applying a homogenous surfactant‐assisted ZnF2 coating reduced the interfacial resistance from 87 to 15.5 Ω cm2 which enhanced critical current density to a record high value of 5 mA cm−2 at room temperature. Dense and Li2CO3 free garnet solid electrolyte assisted in achieving long‐term stability for 1000 cycles at 1 mA cm−2. Interface stabilized Li/ZnF2‐ solid electrolyte/liquid electrolyte/LiFePO4 cell displayed a 90% capacity retention over 800 cycles at 0.2 C, with Coulombic efficiency of 99% as well as excellent cycle stability at 1 C, with ≈91% of capacity retention for 500 cycles. Using a new design principle for Li anode interfaces, next‐generation power‐intensive and stable solid‐state Li metal batteries can be developed.
Bioinspired 4D Printed Tubular/Helicoidal Shape Changing Metacomposites for Programmable Structural Morphing
Authors: Le Duigou A. , Grabow M. , Scarpa F. , Deschamps J. , Combescure C. , Labstie K. , Dirrenberger J. , Castro M. , Lafont U. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBiological structures combine passive shape‐changing with force generation through intricate composite architectures. Natural fibers, with their tubular‐like structures and responsive components, have inspired the design of pneumatic tubular soft composite actuators. However, no development of passive structural actuation is available despite the recent rise of 4D printing. In this study, a biomimicry approach is proposed with inspiration from natural fiber architecture to create a novel concept of thermally active 4D printed tubular metacomposites. These metacomposites exhibit high mechanical performance and 3D‐to‐3D shape‐changing ability triggered by changes in temperature. A rotative printer is proposed for winding a continuous carbon fibers reinforced PolyAmide 6.I composite on a PolyAmide 6.6 polymer mandrel in a similar manner to the structure of cellulose microfibrils within the polysaccharide matrix of natural fiber cell‐walls. The resulting 4D printed tubular metacomposites exhibit programmable rotation and torque in response to thermal variations thanks to the control of their mesostructure and the overall geometry. Energy density values representing a trade‐off between the rotation and the torque are comparable to shape memory alloys when normalized by stiffness. Finally, a proof of concept for an autonomous solar tracker is presented, showcasing its potential for designing autonomous assemblies for structure morphing.
Customizing H2O‐Poor Electric Double Layer and Boosting Texture Exposure of Zn (101) Plane towards Super‐High Areal Capacity Zinc Metal Batteries
Authors: Wang Yangyang , Lv Jiaxin , Hong Laixin , Zhang Jiakai , Chen Chunxia , Xu Ao , Huang Miao , Ren Xiubin , Bai Jinbo , Wang Hui , Liu Xiaojie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe catastrophic dendrite hyperplasia and parasitic reactions severely impede the future deployment of aqueous Zn‐ion batteries. Controlling zinc orientation growth is considered to be an effective method to overcome the aforementioned concerns, especially for regulating the (002) plane of deposited Zn. Unfortunately, Zn (002) texture is difficult to obtain stable cycling under high deposition capacity resulting from its large lattice distortion and nonuniform distribution in electric field. Herein, different from traditional cognition, a crystallization orientation regulation tactic is proposed to boost Zn (101) texture exposure and inhibit zinc dendrite proliferation during plating/stripping. Experimental results and theoretical calculations demonstrate the malate molecules preferentially adsorb on the Zn (002) facet, leading to the texture exposure of distinctive Zn (101) plane. Meanwhile, the −COOH and −OH groups of malate molecules exhibit strong adsorption on the Zn anode surface and chelate with Zn2+, achieving H2O‐poor electrical double layer. Very impressively, the multifunctional malate additive enlists zinc anode to survive for 600 h under a harsh condition of 15 mA cm−2/15 mAh cm−2. Moreover, the symmetric cell harvests highly‐reversible cycling life of 6600 h at 5 mA cm−2/1.25 mAh cm−2, remarkably outperforming the ZnSO4 electrolyte. The assembled Zn//MnO2 full cells also demonstrate prominent electrochemical reversibility.
A Versatile Metal‐Organic‐Framework Pillared Interlayer Design for High‐Capacity and Long‐Life Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Yang Peng , Qiang Jun , Chen Jiaqi , Zhang Zhouyang , Xu Ming , Fei Linfeng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDeveloping high‐performance lithium‐sulfur batteries is a promising way to attain higher energy density at a lower cost beyond the state‐of‐the‐art lithium‐ion battery technology. However, the major issues impeding their practical applications are the sluggish kinetics and the parasitic shuttling reactions of sulfur and polysulfides. Here, pillaring the multilayer graphene membrane with a metal–organic framework (MOF) demonstrates the substantial impact of a versatile interlayer design in tackling these issues. Unlike regular composite separators reported so far, the participation of tri‐metallic Ni−Co−Mn MOF as pillars supports the construction of an ion‐channel interconnected interlayer structure, unexpectedly balancing the interfacial concentration polarization, spatially confining the soluble polysulfides, and vastly affording the lithiophilic sites for highly efficient polysulfide sieving/conversion. As a demonstration, we show that the MOF‐pillared interlayer structure enables outstanding capacity (1634 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C) and longevity (average capacity decay of 0.034 % per cycle in 2000 cycles) for lithium‐sulfur batteries. Besides, the multilayer separator can be readily integrated into the high‐nickel cathode (LiNi0.91Mn0.03Co0.06O2)‐based lithium‐ion batteries, which efficiently suppresses the undesired phase evolution upon cycling. These findings suggest the potential of “gap‐filling” materials in fabricating multi‐functional separators, bringing forward the pillared interlayer structure for energy‐storage applications.
A matter of identity? Youth participation in cooperatives' governance for a sustainable future
Authors: Pesci Caterina , Candio Paolo , Fornaciari Luca , Marchini Pier Luigi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe study explores the issue of youth participation in cooperative organisations, which are organisational arrangements characterised by a participatory governance model with sustainability values and principles in their DNA. We argue that an influential driver of participation in this setting is the conceptual–philosophical basis of cooperation that shapes a value‐based identity. We surveyed the attitudes and values of young people working in cooperative settings. We tested the hypotheses that youth participation is driven by self‐identification with cooperatives' values and a mentality oriented towards economic benefits. Using the lenses of identity theories, we contribute to the currently scant literature on this topic by identifying possible roots of a drift from cooperative missions in the attitudes that youth show in a decision‐making context. Our findings support the need to leverage combinations of multiple identities to retrieve benefits in governing cooperatives and educate young generations toward sustainable governance.
Biomimetic Folding Strategies for Chemical Synthesis of Disulfide‐Bonded Peptides and Proteins
Authors: Yu Guoxia , Zou Shijun , Zheng Ji‐Shen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDisulfide‐bonded peptides and proteins, including hormones, toxins, growth factors, and others, are abundant in living organisms. These molecules play crucial physiological roles such as regulating cell and organism growth, development, and metabolism. They have also found widespread applications as drugs or tool molecules in biomedical and pharmaceutical research. However, the chemical synthesis of disulfide‐bonded proteins is complicated by the challenges associated with their folding. This review focuses on the latest advancements in disulfide‐bonded peptide and protein folding technologies. Particularly, it highlights biomimetic folding strategies that emulate the naturally occurring oxidative folding processes in nature. These strategies include chaperone‐assisted folding, glycosylation‐assisted folding, and organic‐based oxidative folding methods. The review also anticipates future directions in folding technology. Such research offers innovative approaches for the chemical synthesis of complex proteins that are otherwise difficult to fold.
Impact of Fe3+/Polyphenol Ratio in Iron‐gall Ink on Superoxide Formation: Rationalizing Historic Recipes from a Kinetic Study
Authors: Teixeira Natércia , Avó João , Cruz Hugo , Moniz Tânia , Rangel Maria , de Freitas Victor , Lima João C. , Melo Maria J. , Pina Fernando 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIron‐gall inks, a vital part of our written cultural heritage, are at risk of complete loss due to degradation, a potential loss that we must urgently address. These inks are based on Fe3+‐complexes with phenolic compounds, which grow to form a complex network of iron oxyhydroxides. Over time, these black inks turn into brownish tones, with extensive degradation in paper support leading to extensive breaking. The kinetics of iron‐gall ink preparation explains the use of iron sulfate, FeSO4, in all ancient recipes to obtain a stable amorphous ink. The novelty of this work shows that a low ratio of Fe3+/polyphenol is a crucial factor in allowing the ink's growth without its degradation. This ratio also prevents the formation of superoxide. This was achieved through a comprehensive research methodology involving spectroscopic techniques in the visible and the near‐infrared regions, stopped‐flow spectrometry and electrochemical studies.
Identification of hypoxic macrophages in glioblastoma: Unveiling therapeutic insights from tumour microenvironment analysis
Authors: Qin Zhen , Bian Xiu‐Wu , Shi Yu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTumor‐associatedmacrophages (TAMs) exhibit remarkable heterogeneity in glioblastoma. Spatially resolved single‐cell transcriptomic studies identified a monocyte‐derived TAM subset localized in the peri‐necrotic niche, driven by hypoxic cues to acquire ahypoxia response signature. These hypoxia‐TAMs destabilize endothelial adherens junctions through adrenomedullin paracrine signaling, promoting the formation of hyperpermeable neovasculature that impedes drug delivery. Blocking adrenomedullin produced by hypoxia‐TAMs restores vascular integrity, increases drug deliveryinto tumors, and provides combinatorial therapeutic benefits. Here we discuss the heterogeneity of TAMs regarding functional states and locations in glioblastomas, and propose future directions for studying the temporospatial dynamics of multifaceted TAM.Highlights
Single‐cell omics reveal a functionally and spatially distinct hypoxia‐TAM subset in glioblastoma.
Adrenomedullin secreted by hypoxia‐TAM destabilizes tumor vasculature and its blockade enhances vessel integrity and drug delivery.
Scale‐dependence in elk habitat selection for a reintroduced population in Wisconsin, USA
Authors: Merems Jennifer L. , Brose Anna L. , Price Tack Jennifer , Crimmins Shawn , Van Deelen Timothy R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHabitat selection is a critical aspect of a species' ecology, requiring complex decision‐making that is both hierarchical and scale‐dependent, since factors that influence selection may be nested or unequal across scales. Elk (Cervus canadensis) ranged widely across diverse ecoregions in North America prior to European settlement and subsequent eastern extirpation. Most habitat selection studies have occurred within their contemporary western range, even after eastern reintroductions began. As habitat selection can vary by geographic location, available cover, season, and diel period, it is important to understand how a non‐migratory, reintroduced population in northern Wisconsin, USA, is limited by the lack of variation in topography, elevation, and vegetation. We tested scale‐dependent habitat selection on 79 adult elk from 2017 to 2020 using resource selection functions across temporal (i.e., seasonal) and spatial scales (i.e., landscape and home range). We found that selection varied both spatially and temporally, and elk selected areas with the greatest potential to influence fitness at larger scales, meaning elk selected areas closer to escape cover and further from “risky” features (e.g., annual wolf territory centers, county roads, and highways). We found stronger avoidance of annual wolf territory centers during spring, suggesting elk were selecting safer habitats during calving season. Elk selected habitats with less canopy cover across both spatial scales and all seasons, suggesting that elk selected areas with better access to forage as early seral stage stands have greater forage biomass than closed‐canopy forests and direct solar radiation to provide warmth in the cooler seasons. This study provides insight into the complexity of hierarchical decision‐making, such as how risky habitat features and land cover type influence habitat selection differently across seasons and spatial scales, influencing the decision‐making of elk. Scale‐dependent behavior is crucial to understand within specific geographic regions, as these decisions scale up to influence population dynamics.