bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insect feed for animals under the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) regulations
Authors: Jo Yong Hun , Lee Ji Woong 
Published: January 2016

AbstractInsect‐based feed is arising as an alternative protein source for animal feed. Insect‐based feed is more sustainable and has a higher nutritive value. However, it is not publicly well‐accepted because of consumer repulsion and concerns of food safety. In order to properly address concerns of food safety and risks involved in insect‐based feed production, the Korean Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) needs to implement new regulations that govern insect‐based feed as there are currently none. Although modern technology allows for mass rearing insects, current production methods are high in costs. The production cost is one of the principal components in animal feed production. Therefore, innovations to mechanize and automate the production process and efforts to further reduce costs are necessary. Along with high costs, the current legislation is also a major obstacle to employing insect‐based feed. Korea and many other countries inhibit the use of animal‐based protein in animal feed which makes insect‐based feed illegal. In order to move forward with insect‐based feed, there must first be reforms in current regulations to permit the use of insects in animal feed. Despite the current barriers, insect‐based feed may become more prevalent in the near future. Therefore, there also must be international laws enacted that can ensure food safety in the international trade of insect‐fed animals.
Epidemiology of microvascular complications of diabetes in South Asians and comparison with other ethnicities
Authors: Gupta Ritesh , Misra Anoop 
Published: January 2016

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus is widely prevalent in South Asians, and has a significant effect on health, as well as the economies of South Asian countries, particularly when the disease is associated with complications. There are certain characteristics associated with the South Asian phenotype that make South Asians especially prone to diabetes, as well as its complications. Microvascular complications cause considerable morbidity and mortality. There are significant differences in the epidemiology of microvascular complications between South Asians and people of other races. There is evidence of higher prevalence of nephropathy and retinopathy in South Asians compared with Caucasians; however, recent studies indicate that this trend seems to be leveling off. Importantly, diabetic neuropathy occurs less frequently in South Asians compared with Caucasians. These observations have important implications in managing South Asian patients with diabetes and microvascular complications.
Vaccination with an Epitope Peptide of IZUMO1 to Induce Contraception in Female Mice
Authors: Xue Feng , Wang Li , Liu Yue , Tang Haiping , Xu Wanxiang , Xu Chen 
Published: January 2016

ProblemThe development of a new and suitable contraceptive methods, as well as in‐depth and systematic research into underlying contraceptive mechanisms, is crucial. IZUMO1 plays an important role in the fusion of the sperm and ovum during fertilization. Izumo−/− mice are infertile. Therefore, IZUMO1 may be a potential target for the development of a contraceptive vaccine.Method of studyLinear B‐cell epitopes (BCE) were identified in IZUMO using biosynthetic peptides and used to immunize female mice.ResultsFive IZUMO BCE were identified: DLVLDCL177‐183, YSFYRV196‐201 (named BCE‐2), YLT217‐219, SMVGPED221‐227, and DAGNY228‐232. Active immunization with the BCE‐2 vaccine sharply decreased the fertility rate in female mice in a safe and reversible manner. In vitro fertilization showed that the BCE‐2 vaccine interferes with and blocks the fusion of the sperm and the ovum.ConclusionsB‐cell epitopes‐2 may be a new candidate for the development of contraceptive vaccine due to its effectiveness, safety, and reversibility.
Increasing the impact of teleophthalmology in Australia: Analysis of structural and economic drivers in a state service
Authors: Razavi Hessom , Copeland Stephen Paul , Turner Angus Warwick 
Published: January 2016

AbstractProblemDespite its potential to improve service provision for country patients, teleophthalmology is currently underused in Australia. There is an associated lack of cost‐effectiveness data for teleophthamology.DesignRetrospective and prospective hospital‐based clinical audits of 5456 patients; descriptive survey of available telehealth equipment in 129 regional facilities; cost calculations for teleophthalmology, patient transfers and outreach services.SettingPrimary (optometry, general practice [GP], Aboriginal Medical Service [AMS]) and secondary (hospital) sites in regional Western Australia; a tertiary hospital in Perth.Key Measures for ImprovementProportion of patients suitable for teleophthalmology; proportion of regional practices with telehealth technology; capital expenditure to equip regional practices for teleophthalmology; total savings from increased utilisation of teleophthalmology.Strategies for ChangeAdvocacy for funding, regulatory, training and infrastructure recommendations, in order to support efficient models of teleophthalmology.Effects of ChangeA total of 15% and 24% of urgent patient transfers and outreach consultations, respectively, were found to be suitable for teleophthalmology, equating to a potential total cost saving of $1.1 million/year. Capital expenditure required for basic telehealth equipment was negligible for optometrists, compared to $20 500 per GP/AMS practice. Successful advocacy led to funding, training and policy changes to support optometry‐led teleophthalmology for country patients in Australia.Lessons LearntPublic–private partnerships can result in significant cost‐savings for the Australian health system. Targeted, evidence‐based advocacy can inform government health reforms.
A systematic review of capnography for sedation
Authors: Conway A. , Douglas C. , Sutherland J. R. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryWe included six trials with 2524 participants. Capnography reduced hypoxaemic episodes, relative risk (95% CI) 0.71 (0.56–0.91), p = 0.02, but the quality of evidence was poor due to high risks of performance bias and detection bias and substantial statistical heterogeneity. The reduction in hypoxaemic episodes was statistically homogeneous in the subgroup of three trials of 1823 adults sedated for colonoscopy, relative risk (95% CI) 0.59 (0.48–0.73), p < 0.001, although the risks of performance and detection biases were high. There was no evidence that capnography affected other outcomes, including assisted ventilation, relative risk (95% CI) 0.58 (0.26–1.27), p = 0.17.
Duodenal tubular resection using laparoscopic‐endoscopic cooperative surgery: A new technique for the treatment of duodenal lesions
Authors: Kitasato Amane , Kuroki Tamotsu , Adachi Tomohiko , Tanaka Takayuki , Mine Yuka , Soyama Akihiko , Hidaka Masaaki , Takatsuki Mitsuhisa , Yamaguchi Naoyuki , Eguchi Susumu 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIntroductionLaparoscopic‐endoscopic cooperative surgery (LECS) is a minimally invasive surgical technique that combines the advantages of laparoscopic surgery and endoscopic treatment. LECS has been developed for treatment of gastric submucosal tumors and can be applied to superficial non‐ampullary duodenal tumors. Here we describe the use of LECS for duodenal mucosal cancer.Materials and Surgical TechniqueAfter the placement of five ports, an endoscopic procedure was performed to confirm the tumor location and to place marks around the tumor. The jejunum was then resected 10 cm from the ligament of Treitz, and the connective tissue between the pancreas and duodenum was dissected to close to Vater's papilla. Duodenal resection was performed with a stapling device 2 cm to the oral side of the tumor, with endoscopic confirmation of the duodenal papilla, and duodenal tubular resection was then accomplished. Duodeno‐jejunostomy was carried out using the same stapling device. There were no postoperative complications.DiscussionThis case shows that duodenal tubular resection using LECS enables curability through a minimally invasive procedure that offers the advantages of laparoscopic surgery and endoscopic treatment. This technique is applicable to duodenal lesions such as those due to duodenal mucosal cancers.
Postoperative discal cyst: An unusual complication after microendoscopic discectomy in teenagers
Authors: Jha Subash C , Tonogai Ichiro , Higashino Kosaku , Sakai Toshinori , Takata Yoichiro , Goda Yuichiro , Abe Mitsunobu , Nagamachi Akihiro , Fukuta Shoji , Sairyo Koichi 
Published: January 2016

AbstractVarious complications after microendoscopic discectomy (MED) are well known, but postoperative discal cyst is a unique and relatively unknown complication. Here, we report on two teenage patients who presented with postoperative discal cyst after MED for herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP), which resolved after conservative treatment. The patients were diagnosed with HNP at L4‐5 and L5‐S1 based on MRI and then treated by MED. Postoperative discal cyst was diagnosed on MRI after recurrence of symptoms. Both patients were managed conservatively. T2‐weighted MRI demonstrated hyperintense collections adjacent to the operated intervertebral disc level, which were communicating with the corresponding disc annulus. Because the clinical symptoms were relatively mild, the patients were managed conservatively; both made a complete clinical recovery with radiological evidence of improvement. Postoperative discal cyst is a relatively unknown complication after MED for HNP. Surgeons should be aware of this postoperative complication when operating on young individuals with HNP.
Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy without needle aspiration before resection for giant mucinous cell neoplasms
Authors: Nagakawa Yuichi , Hosokawa Yuichi , Sahara Yatsuka , Takishita Chie , Nakajima Tetsushi , Hijikata Yousuke , Tsuchida Akihiko 
Published: January 2016

AbstractLaparoscopic resection of large mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCN) has recently been reported. However, in most reports, needle aspiration of the cyst contents was performed before resection and can cause dissemination. Here, we report two patients with giant MCN: a 26‐year‐old woman with a 23‐cm MCN and a 41‐year‐old woman with an 18‐cm MCN. The MCN were successfully resected without aspiration by laparoscopic surgery. CT revealed no tumor involvement of the origins of the splenic artery and vein in either case. In case 1, we performed hand‐assisted laparoscopic surgery while dissecting around the spleen, whereas case 2 underwent pure laparoscopic surgery. No postoperative complications occurred in either case, indicating that laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy for giant MCN is feasible without aspiration in patients without splenic artery and vein origin involvement.
Right lateral decubitus approach to a laparoscopic modified Hassab's operation
Authors: Tanaka Motomu , Ikeda Yoshifumi , Matsui Shimpei , Kato Ayu , Nitori Nobuhiro , Kadomura Tomohisa , Hatori Takashi , Kitajima Masaki 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe lateral approach is the standard for laparoscopic splenectomy. However, when the modified Hassab's operation is performed laparoscopically, the patient is placed in the supine position and then the right semi‐lateral or lateral decubitus position. Based on our experience with laparoscopic adrenalectomy and splenectomy, we laparoscopically performed the modified Hassab's operation with the patient in the right lateral decubitus position.Materials and Surgical TechniqueIndications for the modified Hassab's operation for patients with portal hypertension in our institute include both gastric varices and hypersplenism resistant to endoscopic or radiologic procedures. We performed splenectomy and devascularization of the greater curvature and then dissected adhesions between the stomach, pancreas, and gastrohepatic ligament. With the patient in the right lateral decubitus position, the lesser curvature could be identified from both the ventral and dorsal sides.DiscussionFor the modified Hassab's operation, as in laparoscopic gastrectomy, many operators select the supine position for lesser curvature devascularization and gastric vessel ligation. However, after sufficient adhesion dissection around the stomach, anatomical structures can be identified in the right lateral decubitus position. For this approach, gravity is not an issue on the dorsal side, and the lesser curvature can be observed from both the ventral and dorsal sides with the patient in the right lateral decubitus position. Laparoscopically performing the modified Hassab's operation with the patient in the right lateral decubitus position is a feasible method.
Cardiovascular Alterations during the Interictal Period in Awake and Pithed Amygdala‐Kindled Rats
Authors: Ruiz‐Salinas Inna , Rocha Luisa , Marichal‐Cancino Bruno A. , Villalón Carlos M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractEpileptic seizures are often accompanied by increased sympathetic cardiovascular activity (even interictally), but it remains unknown whether this increased activity is of central and/or peripheral origin. Hence, this study investigated the cardiovascular alterations produced by amygdala kindling in awake and pithed Wistar rats. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were initially recorded by tail cuff plethysmography in awake control, sham‐operated and amygdala‐kindled rats before and 24 hr after the kindling process. The after‐discharge threshold (ADT) was measured under different conditions to correlate brain excitability with BP and HR in kindled rats. Twenty‐four hours after the last kindling seizure, (i) HR, systolic and diastolic BP were increased and (ii) only higher HR values correlated with lower ADT values. Forty‐eight hr after the last kindled seizure, all rats were pithed and prepared for analysing the tachycardic, vasopressor and vasodepressor responses by (i) stimulation of the sympathetic or sensory vasodepressor CGRPergic out‐flows (stimulus–response curves, S‐R curves) and (ii) intravenous injections of noradrenaline or α‐CGRP (dose–response curves, D‐R curves). Interestingly, (i) the tachycardic S‐R and D‐R curves were attenuated, whilst the CGRPergic S‐R and D‐R curves were potentiated in kindled rats, and (ii) the vasopressor noradrenergic S‐R and D‐R curves were not significantly different in all groups. Therefore, the kindling process may be associated with overstimulation in the central sympathetic and sensory out‐flows interictally, producing (i) peripheral attenuation of cardiac sympathetic out‐flow and β‐adrenoceptor activity and (ii) peripheral potentiation of vasodepressor sensory CGRPergic out‐flow and CGRP receptor activity.
Pharmacological characterization of the first in class clinical candidate PF‐05190457: a selective ghrelin receptor competitive antagonist with inverse agonism that increases vagal afferent firing and glucose‐dependent insulin secretion ex vivo
Authors: Kong J , Chuddy J , Stock I A , Loria P M , Straub S V , Vage C , Cameron K O , Bhattacharya S K , Lapham K , McClure K F , Zhang Y , Jackson V M 
Published: January 2016

Background and PurposeGhrelin increases growth hormone secretion, gastric acid secretion, gastric motility and hunger but decreases glucose‐dependent insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in humans. Antagonizing the ghrelin receptor has potential as a therapeutic approach in the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the aim was to pharmacologically characterize the novel small‐molecule antagonist PF‐05190457 and assess translational pharmacology ex vivo.Experimental ApproachRadioligand binding in filter and scintillation proximity assay formats were used to evaluate affinity, and europium‐labelled GTP to assess functional activity. Rat vagal afferent firing and calcium imaging in dispersed islets were used as native tissues underlying food intake and insulin secretion respectively.Key ResultsPF‐05190457 was a potent and selective inverse agonist on constitutively active ghrelin receptors and acted as a competitive antagonist of ghrelin action, with a human Kd of 3 nM requiring 4 h to achieve equilibrium. Potency of PF‐05190457 was similar across different species. PF‐05190457 increased intracellular calcium within dispersed islets and increased vagal afferent firing in a concentration‐dependent manner with similar potency but was threefold less potent as compared with the in vitro Ki in recombinant overexpressing cells. The effect of PF‐05190457 on rodent islets was comparable with glibenclamide, but glucose‐dependent and additive with the insulin secretagogue glucagon‐like peptide‐1.Conclusions and ImplicationsTogether, these data provide the pharmacological in vitro and ex vivo characterization of the first ghrelin receptor inverse agonist, which has advanced into clinical trials to evaluate the therapeutic potential of blocking ghrelin receptors in obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Mini Gastric Bypass: first report of 125 consecutive cases from United Kingdom
Authors: Parmar C. D. , Mahawar K. K. , Boyle M. , Carr W. R. J. , Jennings N. , Schroeder N. , Balupuri S. , Small P. K. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryMini Gastric Bypass is a promising bariatric procedure with multiple apparent benefits. Ours is the first unit within the National Health Service of the United Kingdom to be routinely performing this procedure. This retrospective cohort study reports our experience with first 125 procedures. Data were retrospectively analysed from a prospective database. Information was further supplemented by interviewing team members, contacting patients' general practitioners and telephonic follow‐up. The mean follow‐up was 11.4 months. There were 86 (68.8%) females and the mean age was 45 (range 20–70) years. Mean weight and body mass index was 135.8 (range 85–244) kilograms and 48.1 (range 34.5–73.8) kg m−2, respectively. The mean operating time was 92.4 (range 45–150) minutes and the mean post‐operative hospital stay was 2.2 (range 2–17) days. There was no leak, one 30‐day reoperation and no mortality in this study. Three patients required late reoperations and four patients developed marginal ulcers. At 6 months follow‐up (n = 114), 27.5 (range 11.4–47.4) % total body weight loss and 60.1 (range 23.2–117.5) % excess body weight loss was seen. The figures at 12 months follow‐up (n = 65) were 36.8 (range 23.7–55.4) % and 79.5 (range 44.9–138.3) %, respectively. This study demonstrates early safety and efficacy of Mini Gastric Bypass in a carefully selected British obese population in a high‐volume centre.
A rare pattern of lung metastasis of rectum adenocarcinoma
Authors: Basara Isil , Altay Canan , Obuz Funda , Balci Pinar 
Published: January 2016

AbstractLung is primary capillary filter of venous drainage for many organs. As a result of this, it is the most common metastasis site of extrapulmonary organ tumours. Cystic and cavitary forms of lung metastases are unusual. In evaluation of patients with these lesions benign and malignant lesions should be distinguished from each other. In this case report, we aimed to present computed tomography findings of an unusual cystic form of lung metastasis that is originated from rectum adenocarcinoma.
Kidney transplant referral practices in southeastern dialysis units
Authors: Browne Teri , Patzer Rachel E. , Gander Jennifer , Amamoo M. Ahinee , Krisher Jenna , Sauls Leighann , Pastan Stephen 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe Southeastern Kidney Transplant Coalition was created in 2010 to improve kidney transplant (KTx) rates in Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. To identify dialysis staff‐reported barriers to transplant, the Coalition developed a survey of dialysis providers in the region.MethodsAll dialysis units in the ESRD Network (n = 586) were sent a survey to be completed by the professional responsible for helping patients get transplants.ResultsOne staff member at almost all (n = 546) of the dialysis units in Network 6 completed the survey (93% response rate). Almost all respondents reported being very comfortable (51.47%) or comfortable (46.89%) discussing the KTx process with patients. Just over half (56%) of facilities reported discussing KTx as a treatment option with patients on an annual basis. Fewer than one quarter of respondents (19%) perceived that more than 50% of their patients were interested in kidney transplant, and most of the staff surveyed (68%) reported that <25% of their dialysis patients completed the evaluation process and been wait‐listed for a kidney transplant.ConclusionThe survey results provide insight into KTx referral practices in southeastern dialysis units that may be contributing to low KTx rates in this region.
Current principles and practice in autologous intraportal islet transplantation: a meta‐analysis of the technical considerations
Authors: Kumar Rohan , Chung Wen Yuan , Dennison Ashley Robert , Garcea Giuseppe 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectivesAutologous islet transplantation (IAT) following pancreatectomy is now a recognized, albeit highly specialized procedure carried out in a small number of centers worldwide. Current clinical principles and best practice with emphasis on examining the technical aspects of surgery in centers with significant IAT experience are reviewed.MethodsLiterature search for studies discussing any technical aspect of pancreatectomy with intraportal IAT was included.ResultsThirty‐five papers were included; all were single‐center case series. The indications, surgical approach to pancreatectomy with IAT, islet yield, static pancreas preservation prior to islet digestion, portal vein access, absolute islet infusion volumes, and portal venous pressure changes during transfusion evaluated.ConclusionsIAT is considered a “last resort” when alternative approaches have been exhausted. Pre‐morbid histology and prior surgical drainage adversely influence islet yields and may influence the clinical decision to perform pancreatectomy and IAT. Following pancreas digestion, absolute numbers of islets recovered and smaller islet size predict rates of insulin independence following IAT. Islet volumes and portal venous pressure changes are important factors for the development of complications. Surgical access for IAT includes intra‐operative, immediate or delayed infusion via an “exteriorized” vein, and radiological percutaneous approaches. Delayed infusion can be combined with pancreas preservation techniques prior to islet isolation.
Increased gene expression of TGF‐β in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from renal transplant patients with polyomavirus BK viremia
Authors: Yin Wen‐Yao , Lee Ming‐Che , Huang Hsien‐Bin , Lu Ming‐Chi 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe aimed to investigate the roles of cytokines during polyomavirus BK (BKV) reactivation in renal transplant patients. Forty‐eight renal allograft recipients were enrolled, and their sera BKV viral load and mRNA expression levels of cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were measured by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Patient's age and gene expression levels of interleukin (IL)‐2 (10.04 ± 2.63 vs. 8.70 ± 2.40, p = 0.049) and transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β (12.58 ± 2.59 vs. 10.89 ± 1.91, p = 0.015) were significantly higher in BKV viremia (+) renal transplant patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age and mRNA expression levels of TGF‐β, but not IL‐2, significantly correlated with the presence of BKV viremia. Sera BKV viral loads showed a positive correlation with patient age and the levels of TGF‐β and IL‐6 mRNA. After adjusting for age and sex in the regression model, both age and TGF‐β mRNA levels maintained a significant positive association with sera BKV viral loads. Serum TGF‐β concentration tended to be higher in BKV viremia (+) patients (p = 0.079). In conclusion, expression levels of TGF‐β were found to correlate with both BKV viremia positivity and sera BKV viral loads in renal transplant patients.