bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Focal cortical dysplasia (type II) detection with multi-modal MRI and a deep-learning framework
Authors: Shankar Anand , Saikia Manob Jyoti , Dandapat Samarendra , Barma Shovan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFocal cortical dysplasia type II (FCD-II) is a prominent cortical development malformation associated with drug-resistant epileptic seizures that leads to lifelong cognitive impairment. Efficient MRI, followed by its analysis (e.g., cortical abnormality distinction, precise localization assistance, etc.) plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and supervision (e.g., presurgery planning and postoperative care) of FCD-II. Involving machine learning techniques particularly, deep-learning (DL) approaches, could enable more effective analysis techniques. We performed a comprehensive study by choosing six different well-known DL models, three image planes (axial, coronal, and sagittal) of two MRI modalities (T1w and FLAIR), demographic characteristics (age and sex) and clinical characteristics (brain hemisphere and lobes) to identify a suitable DL model for analysing FCD-II. The outcomes show that the DenseNet201 model is more suitable because of its superior classification accuracy, high-precision, F1-score, and large area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and precision–recall (PR) curve.
Can we develop a more targeted approach to mitigating seismic risk?
Authors: Xin Danhua , Zhang Zhenguo , Chen Bo , Wenzel Friedemann , Li Yilong , Chen Xiaofei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe recent high death tolls caused by large earthquakes are a further indication that earthquakes remain one of the most destructive natural hazards in the world and can seriously threaten the achievement of disaster reduction goals. To effectively reduce the existing seismic risk, the limited available mitigation resources should be allocated to areas with the most severe potential risk. However, identifying localized concentrations of risk requires detailed studies. Here, we propose a strategy to delineate regional high seismic risk zone at a fine resolution and with high confidence. We demonstrate this strategy by using the seismic hazard and loss estimation results for earthquake scenarios with a magnitude of Mw 7.5 for the Jiaocheng fault of the Shanxi Rift System, China. Our analyses reveal that the delineated zone accounts for only ~7% of the regional land area but for ~85% of the total financial loss. We recommend prioritizing seismic risk mitigation measures in such high-risk zones, especially for densely populated cities in seismically active areas, to better meet the disaster risk reduction targets in the Sendai Framework.
Polarization management in silicon photonics
Authors: Shahwar Dura , Yoon Hoon Hahn , Akkanen Suvi-Tuuli , Li Diao , Muntaha Sidra tul , Cherchi Matteo , Aalto Timo , Sun Zhipei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPolarization management plays a key role in various applications, such as optical communications, imaging, and sensing. It not only mitigates detrimental effects (e.g., polarization mode dispersion in optical communication) but also enables advanced functionalities, such as polarization multiplexing and optical isolation. Herein, we review the state-of-the-art approaches for on-chip polarization management. Additionally, we discuss strategies for developing non-reciprocal photonic devices and the challenges associated with monolithic integration in photonics circuits.
Improving the performance of grid‐connected inverters during asymmetrical faults and unbalanced grid voltages
Authors: Shabani Sepideh , Gholipour Mehdi , Niroomand Mehdi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe increasing penetration of the distributed energy resources (DER) in the power grid, which, while having significant advantages, also pose significant challenges. The behaviors of DERs differ from those of synchronous generators, particularly in abnormal conditions. For this reason, the power grid enforces grid codes to ensure that DERs perform properly in different conditions. For instance, short circuit faults and unbalanced grid voltage are severe transient events that inverters need to be able to pass through without disconnecting from the grid. Furthermore, the inverters are required to support the grid voltage by regulating the active and reactive power injections. This article proposes a voltage support control scheme to support grid voltage during asymmetrical voltage drop by utilizing an optimization problem. In this optimization problem, the active and reactive powers injected into the grid will be obtained optimally by considering constraints such as instantaneous active and reactive power oscillation magnitudes and peak current limitation. To aid in this purpose, the corresponding mathematical formulations such as instantaneous active and reactive power oscillation magnitudes will be obtained by using the currents and voltages in stationary reference frame. The proposed scheme will be verified by simulating it in MATLAB/Simulink under three different scenarios and tested on a real‐time experimental Opal‐RT platform.
Miniaturised ultra‐wideband circular polarised koch fractal crossed dipole array
Authors: Choi Won Min , Jeong Taeyong , Lee Dong Hwan , Kim Jun Hee , Lee Dong Geun , Hwang Keum Cheol 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUltra‐wideband (UWB) systems utilise a broad frequency spectrum to achieve high data transmission rates and enhanced precision, creating a demand for specialised UWB antennas. Circularly Polarised (CP) antennas are considered essential for maintaining robust performance under varied environmental conditions. Among them, the crossed dipole is effective for UWB CP applications, but its relatively large size could limit its use in various systems. A miniaturised crossed dipole design employing the Koch fractal structure is proposed and the measurement results are presented. The prototype antenna achieved an effective bandwidth covering 88% of the frequency range from 1.4 to 3.6 GHz. Additionally, a 4 × 4 array using this design was tested in the same frequency band, demonstrating beam‐steering capabilities up to 30°. The proposed antenna has demonstrated effective deployment in diverse communication systems and phased array applications within ultra‐wideband (UWB) CP environments.
Impact of silicon carbide, boron nitride, and zirconium dioxide nanoparticles on ester‐based dielectric fluids
Authors: Khan Syed Ahmad , Khan Suhaib Ahmad , Rahman Obaidur , Masood Aejaz , Khan Asfar Ali , Zuberi Mujib Ullah , Bakhsh Farhad Ilahi , Islam Md. Rasidul 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis research study investigates the influence of various nanoparticles on the dielectric breakdown voltage, oil dissipation factor, viscosity, and thermal conductivity of nanofluids. Nanofluids were prepared using synthetic ester oil as the base fluid, and three nanoparticles, silicon carbide (SiC), boron nitride (BN), and zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), were added at different concentrations (0.125 wt%, 0.250 wt%, and 0.375 wt%), which are basically the nano‐sized powder that can be blended in the oil. The dielectric breakdown voltage testing was conducted to evaluate the electrical performance of the nanofluids. Additionally, rheological measurements were performed to study the kinematic viscosity, while thermal conductivity was determined using appropriate techniques. The enhancements in each property were evaluated and compared for the different nanoparticle concentrations and types. Previous studies focused only on the investigation of the electrical properties of nanofluids. However, in the present study, the electrical as well as thermo‐physical characterisation of nanofluids is performed and analysed as they directly affect the cooling performance of transformers. The results provide dielectric and thermo‐physical characterisation that exhibit excellent insulation and cooling functionalities and valuable insights into the potential applications of nanofluids as dielectrics in various high‐voltage electrical equipment. ZrO2 and SiC nanoparticles exhibited a reduction in the oil dissipation factor. SiC consistently improved breakdown voltage (Bdv), while ZrO2 nanoparticles showed concentration‐dependent effects, enhancing Bdv at low concentrations but degrading it at higher ones. Unexpectedly, nanoparticle dispersion and lubrication effects can lead to viscosity reductions, countering conventional expectations. Surprisingly, at the highest concentration, the thermal conductivity decreases compared to the lower nano‐concentrations in synthetic ester oil.
Integrated substrate gap waveguide millimetre‐wave filtering antenna with four controllable radiation nulls
Authors: Hui Ming , Li Liang , Jiang Pei , Zhang Meng , Wang Yongjie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study proposed a millimetre‐wave integrated substrate gap waveguide (ISGW) filtering antenna featuring four adjustable radiation nulls, with two located within each of its upper and lower stop bands. These nulls can be tuned by altering the dimensions of stepped‐impedance resonators, complementary U‐slots, and passive coplanar parasitic patches. Antennas offer the benefits of individually adjustable radiation nulls and the flexible modification of selectivity and gain curve roll‐off. Simulation results indicated that the antenna operated at a central frequency of 25.4 GHz, with a relative bandwidth of 14.3% (23.76–27.04 GHz), and attained an average gain of 7.6 dBi.
Risikofaktoren für eine Kniehyperextension bei erwachsenen Menschen mit Zustand nach Schlaganfall
Authors: Henschel Katrin , Gulde Philipp 
Published: September 2024

Hintergrund Die Kniehyperextension ist ein häufig auftretendes Störungsbild bei erwachsenen Menschen mit Zustand nach Schlaganfall. Die Ursachen dessen lassen sich bisher nur anhand einzelner Forschungsarbeiten vermuten, sind jedoch nicht gezielt und multimodal untersucht worden.
Ziel Es sollen die Risikofaktoren einer Knieüberstreckung ermittelt werden.
Methode Die Querschnittsstudie erfolgte als einmalige Erhebung bei erwachsenen Personen mit Zustand nach Schlaganfall. Als Prädiktoren einer Kniehyperextension wurden in einer logistischen Regression (Vorwärtsselektion) die relative Kraft der unteren Extremität sowie Propriozeption, Spastik, Balance und Rumpfkontrolle herangezogen.
Ergebnisse Von 32 eingeschlossene Teilnehmenden zeigten 16 eine Hyperextension und 16 keine Hyperextension. Das Alter der Teilnehmenden lag bei 49–78 Jahren, 53 Prozent waren weiblich, in 94 Prozent der Fälle handelte es sich um einen ischämischen, zugrundeliegenden Schlaganfall in der subakuten bis chronischen Phase (24–402 Tage seit Vorfall). Eine Kniehyperextension konnte sensitiv (0,81) sowie spezifisch (0,81) durch eine Reduktion der relativen Knieextensionskraft des betroffenen Beines (OR = 0,13 pro 1Nm/kg) in Kombination mit einem Defizit der Tiefensensibilität (OR = 1,52 pro 1°) vorhergesagt werden.
Schlussfolgerung Eine mögliche Genese eines Hyperextensionsverhaltens ist eine geringe propriozeptive Auflösung. Da eine Unterstreckung bei geringer Beinkraft zu Stürzen führen kann, wäre eine Hyperextension eine Sicherheits- bzw. Kompensationsstrategie. Aus den Ergebnissen lassen sich erste Handlungsempfehlungen für die Praxis vermuten, diese sollten jedoch in weiteren Studien validiert werden.
Pitfall: Fall einer malignen echoreichen Brustläsion in der Sonographie
Authors: Becker Lena Sophie , Belder Daniel , Wienbeck Susanne 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Der Ultraschall stellt in der Brustkrebsdiagnostik ein wichtiges und etabliertes Untersuchungsverfahren dar. Der additive Einsatz des Ultraschalls zusätzlich zur Mammografie kann bei Frauen mit einem durchschnittlichen Brustkrebsrisiko zu einer Steigerung der Detektionsrate im Mammografie-Screening führen. Im Mammografie-Screening kommt dieses Verfahren in der Abklärungsdiagnostik zum Einsatz.
Fallbeschreibung Wir berichten über eine 65-jährige, postmenopausale Frau mit einem invasiven Mammakarzinom, das sich sonografisch als echoreiche Läsion im Rahmen der Abklärungsdiagnostik im Mammografie-Screening-Programm zeigte.
Schlussfolgerung In der täglichen Praxis kann ein breites Spektrum benigner und maligner echoreicher Brustläsionen angetroffen werden, was die Notwendigkeit einer sorgfältigen und gründlichen Beurteilung aller Ultraschallmerkmale zusammen mit den klinischen und mammografischen Befunden unterstreicht. Zur Kategorisierung der erhobenen Brustläsion sollte dabei der Befund im Ultraschall zusammen mit der Mammografie korreliert werden. Für die endgültige Diagnosesicherung ist die histologische Abklärung mittels Biopsie zielführend.
Nulliparous with Class III Obesity at Term: Labor Induction or Cesarean Delivery without Labor
Authors: Bart Yossi , Wiley Rachel L. , Ghose Ipsita , Bartal Michal Fishel , Chahine Khalil M. , Chauhan Suneet P. , Blackwell Sean , Sibai Baha M. 
Published: September 2024

Objective This study aimed to compare maternal and neonatal outcomes between labor induction versus cesarean delivery (CD) without labor among nulliparous individuals with class III obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥40 kg/m2).
Study Design A retrospective cohort study of all nulliparous singleton deliveries at ≥37 weeks with a BMI of ≥40 kg/m2 at delivery between March 2020 and February 2022. We excluded individuals with spontaneous labor, fetal malformations, and stillbirths. The primary outcome was a composite of maternal mortality and morbidity, including infectious and hemorrhagic morbidity. The secondary outcome was a neonatal composite. A subgroup analysis evaluated patients with a BMI of ≥50 kg/m2. Another subgroup analysis compared outcomes between CD without labor and an indicated CD following induction. A multivariable logistic regression was applied. For adjustment, we used possible confounders identified in a univariate analysis.
Results Among 8,623 consecutive deliveries during the study period, 308 (4%) met the inclusion criteria. Among them, 250 (81%) underwent labor induction, and 58 (19%) had a CD without labor. The most common indications for CD without labor were fetal malpresentation (26; 45%), suspected macrosomia (8; 14%), and previous myomectomy (5; 9%). Indicated CD occurred in 140 (56%) of the induced individuals, with the two leading indications being labor arrest (87; 62%) and non-reassuring fetal heart rate tracing (51; 36%). The rates of composite maternal morbidity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.14, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.64–7.13) and composite neonatal morbidity (aOR = 3.62, 95% CI: 0.42–31.19) did not differ following a CD without labor compared to labor induction. The subgroup analyses did not demonstrate different outcomes between groups.
Conclusion Among nulliparous individuals with class III obesity at term who underwent induction, more than 50% had indicated CD; the rate of short-term maternal and neonatal morbidity, however, did not differ between labor induction and CD without labor.
Key Points
One-Pot Synthesis of Dicarbazolyl(aryl)methanols Based on α-Keto Acids
Authors: Cai Jun-Xian , Chen Peng , Jiang Yi-Jun , Li Jian-Ye , Du Hongying 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this work, carbazoles, one of the most important types of nitrogenous compounds, were used as substrates to synthesize dicarbazolyl(aryl)methanols in moderate to excellent yields (up to 95%). This simple and efficient strategy can regioselectively form an sp3 quaternary carbon with two large sterically hindered carbazole rings, one benzene ring, and an active hydroxy group in a one-pot reaction. The resulting triarylmethanes are all new products, and have high potential as building blocks for medicinal chemistry or materials science.
Homoeopathic Management of Acute Cholangitis in a Case of Adenocarcinoma of Gall Bladder with Metastasis: A Case Report
Authors: Singh Lalith , Lakshmi Seetha , Das Sanjoy Kumar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAcute cholangitis is a bacterial infection superimposed on an obstruction of biliary tree from a gall stone, neoplasm or stricture. The biliary obstruction is most commonly caused by choledocholithiasis benign or malignant stricture of the bile duct or hepatic ducts, pancreatic cancer, ampullary adenoma or cancer, porta hepatis tumour or metastasis, biliary stent obstruction (due to microbial biofilm formation, biliary sludge deposition and duodenal reflux of food content), primary sclerosing cholangitis and amyloid deposition in the biliary system. Classically, patients present with high fever persisting for more than 24 hours, abdominal pain and jaundice (Charcot's triad). The right upper quadrant abdominal (RUQ) pain is generally mild. When the cholangitis becomes more severe, patients become hypotensive and confused (Reynold's pentad). Charcot's triad has low sensitivity (26.4%) and high specificity (95.9%). Although the presence of Charcot's triad is suggestive of acute cholangitis, it is not diagnostic. Charcot's triad is present in 26.4 to 72% of patients with acute cholangitis. TG07 diagnostic criteria for acute cholangitis also do not have enough sensitivity and specificity and its severity criteria are also not suitable for clinical use. Antibiotics, intravenous fluid, Vitamin K supplementation and biliary drainage are the options available in conventional mode of treatment for acute cholangitis. Presented here is one case report of acute cholangitis in a patient of adenocarcinoma of gall bladder with metastasis. The case was treated using classical method of homoeopathy with complete improvement in clinical and laboratory parameters of acute cholangitis.
Probiotics effects on the growth performance and meat quality of broiler chickens
Authors: Begdildayeva Nazerke , Karahan Aynur Gul , Kondybayev Askar , Kudaibergenova Aliya , Nurgazina Alina , Akhmetsadykov Nurlan , Ospanova Aikerim , Akhmetsadykova Shynar 
Published: September 2024

Context In the limited field of research on Kazakhstan’s poultry, this study explores a new area by investigating the lack of studies on the impact of probiotics from camel milk and mare’s milk. This study provides valuable knowledge about an important aspect of poultry production in the region. Aims The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of probiotics isolated from traditional fermented dairy products, fermented camel milk (shubat) and fermented mare’s milk (koumiss) on the growth performance and meat quality of broiler chickens. Methods In total, 240 1-day-old Ross 308 chicks were randomly separated into four treatment groups of three replicates (20 birds per replicate). Three experimental groups were fed by basal diet plus drinking water containing 0.25 mL, 0.5 mL, and 1.0 mL of probiotics per bird (Pro1, Pro2, and Pro3 respectively). The control group was fed by basal diet plus drinking water. The carcass characteristics included the weights of the body and carcass rate. Organoleptic analysis, proximate composition, pH, drip loss, cook loss and were used to determine meat-quality properties. Key results According to the study results isolated probiotics Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei SH1, Enterococcus faecalis SH6, and Kazachstania unispora Y 2.2 had a significant effect on body and carcass weight (P < 0.05). Average daily gain and feed conversion ratio were also improved in probiotics groups (P < 0.05). Additionally, Pro 2 group had increased meat protein contents (P < 0.05). No significant differences in organoleptic quality between the control and experimental groups fed with the probiotics were determined. Conclusions Traditional fermented dairy products could become a source of new effective probiotics useful to improve broiler production. Implications The readily available shubat and koumiss in Kazakhstan present a promising opportunity for establishing localised probiotic production for poultry, indicating a viable path for promoting sustainable and tailored approaches to poultry farming in the region.
Primary healthcare providers’ knowledge, practices and beliefs relating to preventive sexual and reproductive health care for women from refugee and asylum-seeking backgrounds in Australia: a national cross-sectional survey
Authors: Davidson Natasha , Hammarberg Karin , Fisher Jane 
Published: September 2024

Background Many refugee women and women seeking asylum arrive in high-income countries with unmet preventive sexual and reproductive health (SRH) care needs. Primary healthcare providers (HCPs) are usually refugee and asylum seekers’ first point of care. This study aimed to identify HCP characteristics associated with initiating conversations and discussing SRH opportunistically during other health interactions. Methods An anonymous online survey was distributed nationally to representatives of health professional organisations and Primary Health Networks. Hierarchical logistic regression analysed factors including HCP demographics, knowledge and awareness, perceived need for training and professional experience with refugee women were included in the models. Results Among 163 HCPs, those initiating conversations ranged from 27.3% (contraceptive care) to 35.2% (cervical screening). Opportunistic discussions ranged from 26.9% (breast screening) to 40.3% (contraceptive care). Positively associated factors included offering care to refugee women or women seeking asylum at least once every 2 months 7.64 (95% CI 2.41;24.22, P < 0.001); 2.82 (95% CI 1.07;740, P < 0.05), working part-time 8.01 (95% CI 2.34;27.86, P < 0.001); 2.43 (95% CI 1.02;5.76, P < 0.05) and having over 10 years of practice in Australia 2.20 (95% CI 0.71;6.87, P < 0.001); 0.40 (95% CI 1.66;0.95, P < 0.05). Barriers identified by HCPs included women’s cultural beliefs (76%), lack of SRH knowledge (72.4%), religious beliefs (67.5%) and limited English-language skills (54.6%). Conclusions Direct professional experience, frequency of service provision, years of practice, and part time work positively influence HCPs’ SRH care practices. Enhancing bilingual health worker programs, outreach, education, and support for SRH and cultural competency training are essential to improving the preventive SRH care of refugee women and women seeking asylum.
Faba Beans as a Sustainable Source of Protein
Authors: Badjona Abraham 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The growing demand for plant-based proteins and growing consumer awareness of the medicinal and health advantages of alternative proteins have prompted the nutrition and food industries to explore novel sources of protein. Faba beans represent a nutrient dense source of protein with low fat content with concomitant benefit of having low cost, accessibility, and environmentally sustainable and confer several health benefits. The presence of many antinutritional compounds in raw faba beans limits their applicability in a variety of culinary applications. Another limiting factor is the “beany flavor” commonly encountered in products derived from faba beans. Several processing techniques such as boiling, germination, and enzymatic treatment can easily be applied at domestic and industrial levels to lower certain allergens’ concentrations to enhance the applicability of faba bean in distinct food systems and guaranteeing consumer safety. However, careful consideration must be taken into account to minimize the loss of valuable nutrients such as minerals and vitamins during processing. It is anticipated that more research in this field will close the information gap regarding the nutritional and health benefits of faba bean seeds and expand their use in many different types of applications.

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