bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral Health in Young Australian Aboriginal Children
Authors: Durey A. , McAullay D. , Gibson B. , Slack-Smith L.M. 
Published: September 2016

Despite dedicated government funding, Aboriginal Australians, including children, experience more dental disease than other Australians, despite it being seen as mostly preventable. The ongoing legacy of colonization and discrimination against Aboriginal Australians persists, even in health services. Current neoliberal discourse often holds individuals responsible for the state of their health, rather than the structural factors beyond individual control. While presenting a balanced view of Aboriginal health is important and attests to Indigenous peoples’ resilience when faced with persistent adversity, calling to account those structural factors affecting the ability of Aboriginal people to make favorable oral health choices is also important. A decolonizing approach informed by Indigenous methodologies and whiteness studies guides this article to explore the perceptions and experiences of Aboriginal parents ( N = 52) of young children, mainly mothers, in Perth, Western Australia, as they relate to the oral health. Two researchers, 1 Aboriginal and 1 non-Aboriginal, conducted 9 focus group discussions with 51 Aboriginal participants, as well as 1 interview with the remaining individual, and independently analyzed responses to identify themes underpinning barriers and enablers to oral health. These were compared, discussed, and revised under key themes and interpreted for meanings attributed to participants’ perspectives. Findings indicated that oral health is important yet often compromised by structural factors, including policy and organizational practices that adversely preclude participants from making optimal oral health choices: limited education about prevention, prohibitive cost of services, intensive marketing of sugary products, and discrimination from health providers resulting in reluctance to attend services. Current government intentions center on Aboriginal–non-Aboriginal partnerships, access to flexible services, and health care that is free of racism and proactively seeks and welcomes Aboriginal people. The challenge is whether these good intentions are matched by policies and practices that translate into sustained improvements to oral health for Aboriginal Australians. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Slow progress in reducing persistent oral health disparities between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Australians calls for a new approach to this seemingly intractable problem. Findings from our qualitative research identified that structural factors—such as cost of services, little or no education on preventing oral disease, and discrimination by health providers—compromised Aboriginal people’s optimum oral health choices and access to services. The results from this study can be used to recommend changes to policies and practices that promote rather than undermine Aboriginal health and well-being and involve Aboriginal people in decisions about their health care.
Frequent NFKBIE deletions are associated with poor outcome in primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Mansouri Larry , Noerenberg Daniel , Young Emma , Mylonas Elena , Abdulla Maysaa , Frick Mareike , Asmar Fazila , Ljungström Viktor , Schneider Markus , Yoshida Kenichi , Skaftason Aron , Pandzic Tatjana , Gonzalez Blanca , Tasidou Anna , Waldhueter Nils , Rivas-Delgado Alfredo , Angelopoulou Maria , Ziepert Marita , Arends Christopher Maximilian , Couronné Lucile , Lenze Dido , Baldus Claudia D. , Bastard Christian , Okosun Jessica , Fitzgibbon Jude , Dörken Bernd , Drexler Hans G. , Roos-Weil Damien , Schmitt Clemens A. , Munch-Petersen Helga D. , Zenz Thorsten , Hansmann Martin-Leo , Strefford Jonathan C. , Enblad Gunilla , Bernard Olivier A. , Ralfkiaer Elisabeth , Erlanson Martin , Korkolopoulou Penelope , Hultdin Magnus , Papadaki Theodora , Grønbæk Kirsten , Lopez-Guillermo Armando , Ogawa Seishi , Küppers Ralf , Stamatopoulos Kostas , Stavroyianni Niki , Kanellis George , Rosenwald Andreas , Campo Elias , Amini Rose-Marie , Ott German , Vassilakopoulos Theodoros P. , Hummel Michael , Rosenquist Richard , Damm Frederik 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
We recently reported a truncating deletion in the NFKBIE gene, which encodes IκBε, a negative feedback regulator of NF-κB, in clinically aggressive chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Because preliminary data indicate enrichment of NFKBIE aberrations in other lymphoid malignancies, we screened a large patient cohort (n = 1460) diagnosed with different lymphoid neoplasms. While NFKBIE deletions were infrequent in follicular lymphoma, splenic marginal zone lymphoma, and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (&lt;2%), slightly higher frequencies were seen in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, and primary central nervous system lymphoma (3% to 4%). In contrast, a remarkably high frequency of NFKBIE aberrations (46/203 cases [22.7%]) was observed in primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBL) and Hodgkin lymphoma (3/11 cases [27.3%]). NFKBIE-deleted PMBL patients were more often therapy refractory (P = .022) and displayed inferior outcome compared with wild-type patients (5-year survival, 59% vs 78%; P = .034); however, they appeared to benefit from radiotherapy (P = .022) and rituximab-containing regimens (P = .074). NFKBIE aberrations remained an independent factor in multivariate analysis (P = .003) and when restricting the analysis to immunochemotherapy-treated patients (P = .008). Whole-exome sequencing and gene expression profiling verified the importance of NF-κB deregulation in PMBL. In summary, we identify NFKBIE aberrations as a common genetic event across B-cell malignancies and highlight NFKBIE deletions as a novel poor-prognostic marker in PMBL.
Airway inflammation: exhaled NO measurement in clinical practice
Authors: Horvath I. 
Published: September 2016

Key pointsMeasurement of FeNO has been approved for clinical use to monitor anti-inflammatory treatment in asthma.Increases in FeNO are suggestive of eosinophilic airway inflammation and are readily reduced by anti-inflammatory treatment.Increases in FeNO predict loss of asthma control before the appearance of symptoms and changes in lung function tests.Evaluation of EBC biomarkers for potential clinical applications are ongoing.Educational aimsLong term: to improve management of asthma and other chronic inflammatory airway diseases.Short term: to introduce the measurement of exhaled NO; to summarise the main points of current guidelines for exhaled NO measurement; to give information on the usefulness of exhaled NO measurement in asthma management; and to give basic information on exhaled breath condensate.SummaryAsthma is defined as an inflammatory disorder of the airways. Therefore, it is reasonable to add an “inflammometer” to the available methods of disease monitoring. In this respect, several biomarkers have been tested from different samples, including blood, urine and exhaled breath. Breath tests for the determination of exhaled biomarkers offer great opportunities for disease monitoring, as they are simple, completely non-invasive, can be performed in children and also in severe patients, and can be repeated even at short intervals. This article will focus on the use of exhaled biomarkers to monitor airway inflammation. The central aim is to introduce the measurement of exhaled NO as a prototype for the application of biomarkers in the management of asthma. The field of EBC is also mentioned to give some background information on the sampling of non-volatile biomarkers in exhaled breath.
Hospital-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Tarsia P. , Aliberti S. , Cosentini R. , Blasi F. 
Published: September 2016

Key pointsHospital-acquired pneumonia has a major impact in terms of mortality and morbidity.Empirical treatment approach is still the best course of action.Prevention is of critical importance.Educational aimsTo improve knowledge of HAP management.To better understand the epidemiological basis for the correct empirical therapy of HAPSummaryHAP still has a major impact in terms of mortality and morbidity among hospitalised patients. Early appropriate antibiotic therapy is associated with a reduction in mortality and improved outcome. Although, in most cases, an empirical approach is still the rule, taking into account the risk factors, the severity of illness and length of stay before the pneumonia onset can better target antibiotic therapy. The patient's follow-up course, in terms of microbiological, clinical and radiological monitoring, is important. Prevention strategies are of critical importance and are based on the understanding of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of HAP. Routine efforts for the prevention of HAP should be directed towards obtaining effective surveillance and infection-control programmes, including staff education, use of proper isolation techniques and infection-control practices. This review aims to increase understanding of these points to allow improved knowledge and treatment of HAP.
Physiotherapy in respiratory disease
Authors: Gosselink R. 
Published: September 2016

Key pointsPhysiotherapy enhances airway clearance in respiratory diseases associated with hypersecretion.Forced expiratory techniques are the most important treatment modalities to improve short-term airway clearance.Respiratory muscle training enhances strength, endurance and symptoms in various conditions associated with respiratory muscle weakness.Exercise training and peripheral muscle training are effective components in the rehabilitation of patients with respiratory disease.Educational aimsTo motivate the interest of chest physicians in physiotherapy.To provide a conceptual framework of physiotherapy in a variety of respiratory conditions.To provide details about efficacy of physiotherapy in respiratory conditions.SummaryPhysiotherapy is relevant to the treatment of patients with acute and chronic lung disease, but it is also effective in patients with advanced neuromuscular disorders, in patients admitted for major surgery and patients with critical illness in the intensive care unit (ICU). Physiotherapy contributes to the assessment and treatment of various aspects of respiratory disorders, such as airflow obstruction, atelectasis, mucus retention, respiratory and peripheral muscle weakness, impaired exercise performance, dyspnoea, and quality of life. This overview discusses the contribution of physiotherapy in three conditions related to respiratory disease: deconditioning; dyspnoea and respiratory pump dysfunction; and impaired airway clearance and lung inflation.
Viruses and asthma exacerbations
Authors: Bossios A. , Papadopoulos N.G. 
Published: September 2016

Key pointsRespiratory viral infections are the most common triggers of asthma attacks in both children and adults.Rhinoviruses are most frequently involved.Mechanisms include direct effects at the airway epithelium, as well as systemic responses.Currently available treatments are not very effective against virus-induced exacerbations.Educational aimsTo emphasise that respiratory viruses are major triggers of acute asthma exacerbations in both children and adults.To describe the current understanding of underlying mechanisms.To discuss possibilities for intervention.SummaryAcute exacerbations of asthma are the major cause of morbidity and mortality of the disease, and one of the most difficult outcomes to prevent and treat. Respiratory viral infections cause >80% of asthma exacerbations in children and >50% in adults. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have investigated the mechanisms underlying asthma exacerbations; however, our understanding is still incomplete. Promising new data suggest the possibility for novel prevention and/or therapeutic strategies. This review aims to increase understanding of the epidemiology, mechanisms and potential treatments for virus-induced asthma exacerbations.
ERS School Course: Tobacco control in central and eastern Europe
Authors: Górecka D. 
Published: September 2016

Key pointsThe current epidemiological situation in central and eastern Europe reflects the historical, political and economic diversity of the transition from Communism.Tobacco control measures have been adopted with success in some countries thanks to strong leadership, participation in international programmes, wide collaboration with leading tobacco control organisations and the introduction of comprehensive legislation.Educational aimsTo present the current epidemiological situation in central and eastern Europe.To describe smoking prevalence and disease burden in central and eastern Europe.To detail the tobacco-control strategies applied.SummaryThe problems caused by high smoking rates in the countries of central and eastern Europe were compounded following the fall of Communism. Centralised health services deteriorated, and populations new to consumerism were faced with aggressive tobacco marketing. Now, thanks to domestic and international initiatives, these nations are beginning to make progress in combating the tobacco pandemic.
Predicting protein-protein interactions via multivariate mutual information of protein sequences
Authors: Ding Yijie , Tang Jijun , Guo Fei 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Background
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are central to a lot of biological processes. Many algorithms and methods have been developed to predict PPIs and protein interaction networks. However, the application of most existing methods is limited since they are difficult to compute and rely on a large number of homologous proteins and interaction marks of protein partners. In this paper, we propose a novel sequence-based approach with multivariate mutual information (MMI) of protein feature representation, for predicting PPIs via Random Forest (RF).

Methods
Our method constructs a 638-dimentional vector to represent each pair of proteins. First, we cluster twenty standard amino acids into seven function groups and transform protein sequences into encoding sequences. Then, we use a novel multivariate mutual information feature representation scheme, combined with normalized Moreau-Broto Autocorrelation, to extract features from protein sequence information. Finally, we feed the feature vectors into a Random Forest model to distinguish interaction pairs from non-interaction pairs.

Results
To evaluate the performance of our new method, we conduct several comprehensive tests for predicting PPIs. Experiments show that our method achieves better results than other outstanding methods for sequence-based PPIs prediction. Our method is applied to the S.cerevisiae PPIs dataset, and achieves 95.01 % accuracy and 92.67 % sensitivity repectively. For the H.pylori PPIs dataset, our method achieves 87.59 % accuracy and 86.81 % sensitivity respectively. In addition, we test our method on other three important PPIs networks: the one-core network, the multiple-core network, and the crossover network.

Conclusions
Compared to the Conjoint Triad method, accuracies of our method are increased by 6.25,2.06 and 18.75 %, respectively. Our proposed method is a useful tool for future proteomics studies.
Serum levels of S100A6 are unaltered in patients with resectable cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Loosen Sven H. , Benz Fabian , Niedeggen Jennifer , Schmeding Maximilian , Schüller Florian , Koch Alexander , Vucur Mihael , Tacke Frank , Trautwein Christian , Roderburg Christoph , Neumann Ulf P. , Luedde Tom 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundElevated expression levels of S100A6, a calcium‐binding low‐molecular‐weight protein, were demonstrated in various malignancies. Moreover, increased serum levels of S100A6 were suggested as a novel biomarker for various inflammatory and malignant diseases including lung and gastric cancer. However, up to now, serum concentrations of S100A6 have not been analyzed in patients with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA).MethodsS100A6 mRNA expression levels were analyzed in human and murine CCA tumor samples, using semi‐quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. S100A6 serum concentrations were measured using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in 112 patients with CCA referred to surgery for curative resection and were compared to those of 42 healthy controls. Results were correlated with clinical data.ResultsS100A6 mRNA expression levels were significantly up‐regulated in tumor samples of CCA patients and in tumor tissue of a CCA mouse model. In contrast, serum levels of S100A6 were not significantly altered in patients with CCA compared to healthy controls. Whereas no differences became apparent within the different clinical subgroups of CCA, patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)‐based CCA displayed higher levels of S100A6 compared to the other patients. Nevertheless, patients with higher S100A6 serum concentrations showed a trend towards an impaired prognosis compared to patients with lower levels. Finally, within our cohort of patients both the diagnostic and prognostic potentials of S100A6 were similar to those of the clinically established biomarkers CEA and CA19‐9.ConclusionAlthough S100A6 was expressed at significantly higher levels in human and murine CCA tumor samples, S100A6 serum levels were not regulated in patients with CCA and are thus not suitable for diagnosis of CCA. However, CCA‐patients with elevated S100A6 displayed a trend toward an impaired prognosis compared to patients with lower S100A6 levels, supporting its further evaluation as a prognostic biomarker in CCA.
The changing view of eukaryogenesis – fossils, cells, lineages and how they all come together
Authors: Dacks Joel B. , Field Mark C. , Buick Roger , Eme Laura , Gribaldo Simonetta , Roger Andrew J. , Brochier-Armanet Céline , Devos Damien P. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
Eukaryogenesis – the emergence of eukaryotic cells – represents a pivotal evolutionary event. With a fundamentally more complex cellular plan compared to prokaryotes, eukaryotes are major contributors to most aspects of life on Earth. For decades, we have understood that eukaryotic origins lie within both the Archaea domain and α-Proteobacteria. However, it is much less clear when, and from which precise ancestors, eukaryotes originated, or the order of emergence of distinctive eukaryotic cellular features. Many competing models for eukaryogenesis have been proposed, but until recently, the absence of discriminatory data meant that a consensus was elusive. Recent advances in paleogeology, phylogenetics, cell biology and microbial diversity, particularly the discovery of the ‘Candidatus Lokiarcheaota’ phylum, are now providing new insights into these aspects of eukaryogenesis. The new data have allowed the time frame during which eukaryogenesis occurred to be finessed, a more precise identification of the contributing lineages and the biological features of the contributors to be clarified. Considerable advances have now been used to pinpoint the prokaryotic origins of key eukaryotic cellular processes, such as intracellular compartmentalisation, with major implications for models of eukaryogenesis.
HMGB2 regulates satellite-cell-mediated skeletal muscle regeneration through IGF2BP2
Authors: Zhou Xingyu , Li Mingsen , Huang Huaxing , Chen Keren , Yuan Zhuning , Zhang Ying , Nie Yaping , Chen, Hu , Zhang Xumeng , Chen Luxi , Chen Yaosheng , Mo Delin 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
Although the mechanism underlying modulation of transcription factors in myogenesis has been well elucidated, the function of the transcription cofactors involved in this process remains poorly understood. Here, we identified HMGB2 as an essential nuclear transcriptional co-regulator in myogenesis. HMGB2 was highly expressed in undifferentiated myoblasts and regenerating muscle. Knockdown of HMGB2 inhibited myoblast proliferation and stimulated its differentiation. HMGB2 depletion downregulated Myf5 and cyclin A2 at the protein but not mRNA level. In contrast, overexpression of HMGB2 promoted Myf5 and cyclin A2 protein upregulation. Furthermore, we found that the RNA-binding protein IGF2BP2 is a downstream target of HMGB2, as previously shown for HMGA2. IGF2BP2 binds to mRNAs of Myf5 or cyclin A2, resulting in translation enhancement or mRNA stabilization, respectively. Notably, overexpression of IGF2BP2 could partially rescue protein levels of Myf5 and cyclin A2, in response to HMGB2 decrease. Moreover, depletion of HMGB2 in vivo severely attenuated muscle repair; this was due to a decrease in satellite cells. Taken together, these results highlight the previously undiscovered and crucial role of the HMGB2–IGF2BP2 axis in myogenesis and muscle regeneration.
The Relevance of the Concept of &#34;Russian Language&#34; in Russian Media Discourse (for example, &#34;the Russian Newspaper&#34; for the 2014–2015)
Authors: Эльмесова  , Elmesova L. 
Published: September 2016

In contemporary Russian media discourse and the actual
frequency is the phrase &#34;Russian language&#34;. Unlike dictionary
meanings, interpreting the phrase &#34;Russian language&#34; as the language
of the Russian nation, in the discourse of this concept is conceptualized.
Contextual use of the phrase in modern media discourse adds their
dictionary meanings and expands its conceptual field. Therefore,
we can speak about the formation and functioning of the modern
media concept of &#34;Russian language&#34;, which also becomes the part
of the political world of modern Russia.
Institutions: Definition, Attributes and Research Areas
Authors: Клейнер  , Klyeynyer Gyeorgiy 
Published: September 2016

The author explores the essence and content of the concept of «institute» in terms of the different
approaches of contemporary institutional theory. The author shows the relationship of institutions with
cultural, social, legal norms, norms of behavior, routines, and habits. The author offers his own original
picture of the institutional architecture of the socio-economic system and proves subsequent research areas
of institutional economics.
State Corporations and Structural Changes in the Economy
Authors: Дементьев  , Dyemyentyev Viktor 
Published: September 2016

The article focuses attention on a possible contribution of the state corporations to long-term results of
economic development. It is shown that such corporations can make the significant contribution to ensuring
dynamic efficiency of economy, to implementation of structural shifts in production. The role of the state
corporations in formation of the infrastructure necessary for wide use of essentially new technologies is
analyzed. This work has been financially supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grants №
14-06-00164).
Continuing Professional Development: Challenges of managing paediatric pain
Authors: Brooke Mike 
Published: September 2016

Overview Pain is the most common presenting symptom in patients in the emergency setting, and, as such, the management of pain has been described as potentially one of the most important outcome measures for many prehospital conditions. However, paediatric pain management is a complicated issue, and various barriers exist which prevent paediatric patients receiving optimal prehospital analgesia. These could be described as barriers attributable to the provider, the system, and the patient. This module will investigate each of the three hurdles which act to prevent optimal prehospital paediatric pain management by examining current scholarly evidence, and conclude by suggesting solutions to begin overcoming the challenge of managing children in pain in the prehospital setting. Learning Outcomes After completing this module you will be able to: ▪ Understand the concept of the ‘hierarchy of evidence’, and describe its importance in healthcare research. ▪ Outline how to undertake a literature search ▪ Describe the three main barriers in the adequate provision of analgesia to children in the prehospital arena. ▪ Understand the implications of poor pain management in children. ▪ Identify the analgesics currently recommended for paramedic use in the management of pain. ▪ Reflect on the ways in which you could alter your practice to achieve better prehospital pain management for the children you treat.