bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is electrolyte transfer across the urothelium important?: ICI‐RS 2015
Authors: McCloskey Karen D. , Vahabi Bahareh , Fry Christopher H. 
Published: April 2017

AIMSThis article summarizes discussion at the International Consultation on Incontinence Research Society (ICI‐RS) 2015 meeting of urine modification in the urinary tract by the urothelium. It considers the literature and proposes pertinent questions that need to be addressed to understand this phenomenon within a physiological context.METHODSFollowing the ICI‐RS meeting, publications in PubMed relating to urine modification in the renal pelvis, ureter, and bladder were reviewed.RESULTSHistorically, the urothelium has been simply considered as a passive, impermeable barrier, preventing contact between urine and the underlying cells. In addition to the ability of the umbrella cells to modify the surface area of the urothelium during bladder filling, the urothelium may also be involved in modifying urine composition. Several lines of evidence support the hypothesis that electrolytes and water can be reabsorbed by the urothelium and that this may have physiological relevance. Firstly, urothelial cells express several types of aquaporins and ion channels; the membrane expression of which is modulated by the extracellular concentration of ions including Na+. Secondly, studies of urine composition in the renal pelvis and bladder demonstrate urine modification, indicating that water and/or electrolyte transport has occurred. Thirdly, hibernating mammals, with urothelial and bladder wall histology similar to non‐hibernating mammals are known to produce and reabsorb urine daily, during long periods of hibernation.CONCLUSIONSThe phenomenon of urine modification by the urothelium may be physiologically important during normal bladder filling. Research should be focused on investigating how this may change in conditions of urinary dysfunction.
Are we justified in suggesting change to caffeine, alcohol, and carbonated drink intake in lower urinary tract disease? Report from the ICI‐RS 2015
Authors: Robinson Dudley , Hanna‐Mitchell Ann , Rantell Angie , Thiagamoorthy Gans , Cardozo Linda 
Published: April 2017

AIMSThere is increasing evidence that diet may have a significant role in the development of lower urinary tract symptoms. While fluid intake is known to affect lower urinary tract function the effects of alcohol, caffeine, carbonated drinks, and artificial sweeteners are less well understood and evidence from epidemiological studies is mixed and sometimes contradictory. The aim of this paper is to appraise the available evidence on the effect of caffeine, alcohol, and carbonated drinks on lower urinary tract function and dysfunction in addition to suggesting proposals for further research.METHODSLiterature review based on a systematic search strategy using the terms “fluid intake,” “caffeine,” “alcohol,” “carbonated” and “urinary incontinence,” “detrusor overactivity,” “Overactive Bladder,” “OAB.”RESULTSIn addition to fluid intake, there is some evidence to support a role of caffeine, alcohol, and carbonated beverages in the pathogenesis of OAB and lower urinary tract dysfunction. Although some findings are contradictory, others clearly show an association between the ingestion of caffeine, carbonated drinks, and alcohol with symptom severity.CONCLUSIONS Given the available evidence lifestyle interventions and fluid modification may have an important role in the primary prevention of lower urinary tract symptoms. However, more research is needed to determine the precise role of caffeine, carbonated drinks, and alcohol in the pathogenesis and management of these symptoms. The purpose of this paper is to stimulate that research. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:876–881, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) tyrosine 397E mutation restores the vascular leakage defect in endothelium‐specific FAK‐kinase dead mice
Authors: Alexopoulou Annika N , Lees Delphine M , Bodrug Natalia , Lechertier Tanguy , Fernandez Isabelle , D'Amico Gabriela , Dukinfield Matthew , Batista Silvia , Tavora Bernardo , Serrels Bryan , Hodivala‐Dilke Kairbaan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractFocal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitors have been developed as potential anticancer agents and are undergoing clinical trials. In vitro activation of the FAK kinase domain triggers autophosphorylation of Y397, Src activation, and subsequent phosphorylation of other FAK tyrosine residues. However, how FAK Y397 mutations affect FAK kinase‐dead (KD) phenotypes in tumour angiogenesis in vivo is unknown. We developed three Pdgfb‐iCreert‐driven endothelial cell (EC)‐specific, tamoxifen‐inducible homozygous mutant mouse lines: FAK wild‐type (WT), FAK KD, and FAK double mutant (DM), i.e. KD with a putatively phosphomimetic Y397E mutation. These ECCre+;FAKWT/WT, ECCre+;FAKKD/KD and ECCre+;FAKDM/DM mice were injected subcutaneously with syngeneic B16F0 melanoma cells. Tumour growth and tumour blood vessel functions were unchanged between ECCre+;FAKWT/WT and ECCre−;FAKWT/WT control mice. In contrast, tumour growth and vessel density were decreased in ECCre+;FAKKD/KD and ECCre+;FAKDM/DM mice, as compared with Cre − littermates. Despite no change in the percentage of perfused vessels or pericyte coverage in either genotype, tumour hypoxia was elevated in ECCre+;FAKKD/KD and ECCre+;FAKDM/DM mice. Furthermore, although ECCre+;FAKKD/KD mice showed reduced blood vessel leakage, ECCre+;FAKDM/DM and ECCre−;FAKDM/DM mice showed no difference in leakage. Mechanistically, fibronectin‐stimulated Y397 autophosphorylation was reduced in Cre+;FAKKD/KD ECs as compared with Cre+;FAKWT/WT cells, with no change in phosphorylation of the known Src targets FAK‐Y577, FAK‐Y861, FAK‐Y925, paxillin‐Y118, p130Cas‐Y410. Cre+;FAKDM/DM ECs showed decreased Src target phosphorylation levels, suggesting that the Y397E substitution actually disrupted Src activation. Reduced VE‐cadherin‐pY658 levels in Cre+;FAKKD/KD ECs were rescued in Cre+FAKDM/DM ECs, corresponding with the rescue in vessel leakage in the ECCre+;FAKDM/DM mice. We show that EC‐specific FAK kinase activity is required for tumour growth, angiogenesis, and vascular permeability. The ECCre+;FAKDM/DM mice restored the KD‐dependent tumour vascular leakage observed in ECCre+;FAKKD/KD mice in vivo. This study opens new fields in in vivo FAK signalling. © 2017 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Determination of Volatile Flavour Profiles of Citrus spp. Fruits by SDE‐GC–MS and Enantiomeric Composition of Chiral Compounds by MDGC–MS
Authors: Hong Joon Ho , Khan Naeem , Jamila Nargis , Hong Young Shin , Nho Eun Yeong , Choi Ji Yeon , Lee Cheong Mi , Kim Kyong Su 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntroductionCitrus fruits are known to have characteristic enantiomeric key compounds biosynthesised by highly stereoselective enzymatic mechanisms. In the past, evaluation of the enantiomeric ratios of chiral compounds in fruits has been applied as an effective indicator of adulteration by the addition of synthetic compounds or natural components of different botanical origin.ObjectiveTo analyse the volatile flavour compounds of Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka (yuzu), Citrus limon BURM. f. (lemon) and Citrus aurantifolia Christm. Swingle (lime), and determine the enantiomeric ratios of their chiral compounds for discrimination and authentication of extracted oils.MethodologyVolatile flavour compounds of the fruits of the three Citrus species were extracted by simultaneous distillation extraction and analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The enantiomeric composition (ee%) of chiral camphene, sabinene, limonene and β‐phellandrene was analysed by heart‐cutting multidimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.ResultsSixty‐seven (C. junos), 77 (C. limon) and 110 (C. aurantifolia) volatile compounds were identified with limonene, γ‐terpinene and linalool as the major compounds. Stereochemical analysis (ee%) revealed 1S,4R‐(−) camphene (94.74, 98.67, 98.82), R‐(+)‐limonene (90.53, 92.97, 99.85) and S‐(+)‐β‐phellandrene (98.69, 97.15, 92.13) in oil samples from all three species; R‐(+)‐sabinene (88.08) in C. junos; and S‐(−)‐sabinene (81.99, 79.74) in C. limon and C. aurantifolia, respectively.ConclusionThe enantiomeric composition and excess ratios of the chiral compounds could be used as reliable indicators of genuineness and quality assurance of the oils derived from the Citrus fruit species. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fitness costs and life table parameters of highly insecticide‐resistant strains of Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) at different temperatures
Authors: Steinbach Denise , Moritz Gerald , Nauen Ralf 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn many cases, resistance alleles have been associated with fitness costs and are often dependent on environmental factors such as temperature. Here, we studied the effects of temperature on the overall fitness, including development, survival and reproduction, of three insecticide‐resistant and one susceptible strain of diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.).RESULTSThe broader cross‐resistance profile of the resistant strains previously selected by diamide and benzoylurea insecticides was tested. Cohort studies were conducted in the laboratory at three different temperatures (20 ± 1 °C, 25 ± 1 °C and 30 ± 1 °C), and involved fitness costs were estimated. We observed significant differences in the development time, with the susceptible strain showing a shorter developmental period from egg stage to adult stage compared with the resistant strains. Moreover, the resistant strains differed significantly between one another. Additionally, the population growth parameters varied among the strains, with the benzoylurea‐resistant strain showing the highest costs affecting the overall fitness of this strain. A temperature of 30 °C was unfavourable for DBM development, resulting in a reduced fitness in all strains.CONCLUSIONBenzoylurea selection pressure on a diamide‐resistant P. xylostella strain resulted in lowest reproduction parameters and the longest generation time, as well as doubling the time among all strains tested. This suggests significant effects on the overall fitness and population growth parameters for diamide‐resistant populations pressured by benzoylureas under applied conditions. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Transmission of charge and spin in a topological‐insulator‐based magnetic structure
Authors: Rzeszutko P. R. , Kudła S. , Dugaev V. K. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe discuss the effect of a magnetic thin‐film ribbon at the surface of a topological insulator on the charge and spin transport due to surface electrons. If the magnetization in the magnetic ribbon is perpendicular to the surface of the topological insulator, this leads to a gap in the energy spectrum of surface electrons. As a result, the ribbon is a barrier for electrons, which yields electrical resistance. We have calculated the conductance of such a structure. The conductance values reveal some oscillations with the length of the magnetized region due to interference of the transmitted and reflected waves. We have also calculated the Seebeck coefficient when the electron flux is due to a temperature gradient. Conductance as a function of the length of a magnetized region at the surface of a topological insulator.
Simulated annealing‐based optimal control over tunneling process through SDWP and Eckart barrier: A momentum basis representation
Authors: Talukder Srijeeta , Chaudhury Pinaki , Ghosh Subhasree 
Published: April 2017

AbstractFor a reaction to proceed via tunneling mechanism, it is essential that the reactants will cross the potential barrier (EP), where its initial energy (E0) is below the potential barrier EP. Tunneling probability τ is defined as the probability of having momentum higher than km, where
. In the momentum basis representation, τ can be directly calculated by integrating
from the limit km to infinity, where
is the wave function in the momentum space. Instead of the continuous basis, if we chose momentum grid space, τ can be expressed as
. Our target here is to increase this τ by applying a polychromatic field, so that the reaction rate can be enhanced. By applying Simulated Annealing technique we have designed some polychromatic electric fields, spatially symmetric and asymmetric type, which enhances the tunneling rate in symmetric double well system and Eckart barrier confined in an infinite well.
Supported Ionic Liquids: A Versatile and Useful Class of Materials
Authors: Campisciano Vincenzo , Giacalone Francesco , Gruttadauria Michelangelo 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSupported ionic liquids (SILs) represent a class of materials with peculiar properties and a huge potential regarding their possible applications in different fields of chemistry. Herein, we report our ongoing research about the use of SILs as support for organocatalysts, their role as catalysts themselves, and their application as support and stabilizers of palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs). The use of SILs based materials allowed achieving good results. Moreover, in some cases, after the functionalization of the catalytic species with an ion‐tag moiety, a release and catch approach was employed in order to improve the catalytic activity and to facilitate the recovery of the hybrid system formed by the catalyst adsorbed onto SILs materials. All the reported examples demonstrate the versatility of such SILs materials, which can represent powerful tools able to exert a large number of functions.
Low concentration arsenite activated JAK2/STAT3 signal and increased proliferative factor expressions in SV‐HUC‐1cells after short and long time treatment
Authors: Mengdan Li , Chen Wang , Jieyu Liu , Peiyu Jin , Fei Wang , Shengnan Liu , Shuhua Xi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractEpidemiological studies have indicated that ingestion of inorganic arsenic resulted in increased risks of bladder cancer and chronic hyperproliferation could play a direct role in the development of cancer. This study examined the effects of arsenite on JAK2/STAT3 pathway and expressions of proliferation and anti‐apoptosis factors. The results showed that long term exposure to low doses arsenite enhanced human uroepithelial cells (SV‐HUC‐1 cells) proliferation and BrdU positive rate was significant increased. mRNA and protein expressions of proliferation factors, such as cyclin D1, COX‐2, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), increased in chronically exposed arsenite SV‐HUC‐1 cells with exposure time. Furthermore, JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway was activated following exposure to arsenite in SV‐HUC‐1 cells. Knockdown of STAT3 reduced expressions of cyclin D1, COX‐2, PCNA, and BCL2 induced by arsenite. In conclusion, arsenic induced proliferation in human uroepithelial cells after short and long term exposure to arsenite and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway might be pivotal in arsenite‐induced proliferation by regulating cyclin D1, COX‐2, PCNA, and BCL2.
Glycemic Status and Prognosis of Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus
Authors: Okamura Akihiko , Watanabe Masayuki , Imamura Yu , Hayami Masaru , Yamashita Kotaro , Kurogochi Takanori , Mine Shinji 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of glycemic status on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) prognosis is unclear.MethodsA total of 623 patients who underwent curative subtotal esophagectomy for ESCC were evaluated. Diabetes was defined as a prior diagnosis of diabetes under treatment or newly diagnosed diabetes based on preoperative glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Poor glycemic control was defined as HbA1c ≥ 7.0%, whereas good glycemic control was defined as HbA1c < 7.0%. The impact of glycemic status on long‐term survival after esophagectomy was evaluated.ResultsAmong the 623 patients, 64 (10.3%) had diabetes including 30 (4.8%) with poor glycemic control. Although diabetes did not influence patient survival, patients with poor glycemic control had worse overall and disease‐specific survival compared with those with good glycemic control (P = 0.011 and 0.039, respectively). Comparing poor glycemic control with good glycemic control, the hazard ratios (HRs) for overall and disease‐specific mortality were 1.91 (1.15–3.18) and 1.89 (1.02–3.49) in univariate analysis. After multivariate adjustment, poor glycemic control also had increased risk of overall and disease‐specific mortality [HR 1.72 (95% CI 1.02–2.88) and 1.65 (95% CI 0.89–3.08), respectively]. Poor glycemic control did not increase the risk of overall or disease‐specific mortality in patients with stages 0–II disease but significantly increased this risk in those with stages III–IV disease [HR 2.05 (1.14–3.69) and 1.95 (1.01–3.80), respectively].ConclusionsPoor glycemic control is an independent risk factor for overall and disease‐specific mortality after esophagectomy for advanced‐stage ESCC.
Guideline Implementation: Surgical Smoke Safety
Authors: Fencl Jennifer L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractResearch conducted during the past four decades has demonstrated that surgical smoke generated from the use of energy‐generating devices in surgery contains toxic and biohazardous substances that present risks to perioperative team members and patients. Despite the increase in information available, however, perioperative personnel continue to demonstrate a lack of knowledge of these hazards and lack of compliance with recommendations for evacuating smoke during surgical procedures. The new AORN “Guideline for surgical smoke safety” provides guidance on surgical smoke management. This article focuses on key points of the guideline to help perioperative personnel promote smoke‐free work environments; evacuate surgical smoke; and develop education programs and competency verification tools, policies and procedures, and quality improvement initiatives related to controlling surgical smoke. Perioperative RNs should review the complete guideline for additional information and for guidance when writing and updating policies and procedures.
Effects of gripping volume in the mechanical strengths of orthodontic mini‐implant
Authors: Tseng Yu‐Chuan , Wu Ju‐Hui , Chen Hong‐Sen , Chen Chun‐Ming , Ting Chun‐Chan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe objective of study was to investigate the correlation between the mechanical strengths [insertion torque (IT); resonance frequency (RF); and horizontal pullout strength (HPS)] and gripping volume (GV) of mini‐implants. Thirty mini‐implants of three types (Type A: 2 mm × 10 mm, cylindrical, titanium alloy; Type B: 2 mm × 10 mm, tapered, stainless steel; and Type C: 2 mm × 11 mm, cylindrical, titanium alloy) were inserted 7 mm into artificial bones. One‐way analysis of variance and Spearman's test were applied to assess intergroup comparisons and intragroup correlations. The null hypothesis was that no statistically significant correlations exist between the GV and mechanical strengths (IT, RF, and HPS). In the IT test, Type C (14.2 Ncm) had significantly (p = 0.016) greater values than did Type A (12.4 Ncm). In the RF analysis, no significant difference was observed among the three types of mini‐implants. In the HPS test, Type C (388.9 Ncm) was significantly larger than both Type B (294.5 Ncm) and Type A (286 Ncm). In the GV measurement, Type C (14.4 mm3) was significantly larger than Type B (11.4 mm3) and Type A (9.2 mm3). Type A and Type B exhibited no significant correlations among the tests. Therefore, the null hypothesis was accepted. Although no significant correlation was noted between the GV and mechanical strengths (IT, RF, and HPS), we observed a trend that the mechanical strengths (IT, RF, and HPS) of the mini‐implants corresponded to the order and values of GV (Type C > Type B > Type A).
An Early Career Perspective on Risk Regulation
Authors: BARTLETT Oliver 
Published: April 2017

AbstractI begin with two admissions. First, I am relatively new to risk regulation, and indeed academia in general, so this piece is based on still quite nascent views. Second, I fell into risk regulation scholarship almost by accident – therefore I hope this piece will provide an illustration of how strong the intellectual draw of the field is, having already captured my imagination at least!In the following three sections I set out my risk regulation journey, and the understanding of the field I have developed so far. After summarising how I was drawn to risk regulation, I attempt to reflect philosophically on the purposes of risk regulation research, after which I outline the questions that I believe risk regulation scholars should be asking now and in future years, along with my corresponding research priorities.
Influence of soybean bioactive peptides on growth performance, nutrient utilisation, digestive tract development and intestinal histology in broilers
Authors: Abdollahi M. R. , Zaefarian F. , Gu Y. , Xiao W. , Jia J. , Ravindran V. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryA biologically active peptide derived from soybeans by enzymatic hydrolysis was evaluated for its potential benefits on chicken growth performance, apparent ileal nutrient digestibility and intestinal histology in young broilers. Seven broiler starter diets, based on maize and soybean meal, were formulated to contain 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0 g/kg of a commercial soybean bioactive peptide (SBP) product (Fortide, Chengdu Mytech Biotech Co. Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China). All diets were equivalent in respect of energy density, and digestible protein, amino acids, and other nutrients. A total of 336, one-day-old male broilers (Ross 308) were allocated to 42 cages (eight birds/cage), which were randomly assigned to the six dietary treatments. There was no significant effect of SBP on weight gain and feed intake of the birds. A significant (P < 0.01) effect of SBP was observed for FCR. Inclusion of 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 g SBP/kg of feed resulted in similar FCR values to the diet with no SBP, addition of SBP to the diets at 5.0 and 6.0 g/kg of feed resulted in lower (P < 0.05) FCR compared to the diet with no SBP. Inclusion of SBP had no effect (P > 0.05) on apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients and energy utilisation. Though not statistically significant, SBP inclusion, regardless of level, resulted in 5.7% and 6.3% increases in digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen, respectively. Birds receiving no SBP had the shortest villi and those fed SBP at 3.0 and 6.0 g/kg of feed tended (P = 0.075) to have the greatest villus height. The current findings suggested that including SBP in broiler diets may benefit production through improving feed efficiency, and, to some extent, nutrient digestion and intestinal histology parameters.
First report of Devonian bactritids (Cephalopoda) from South America: paleobiogeographic and biostratigraphic implications
Authors: Cichowolski Marcela , Rustán Juan J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDevonian bactritids are described for the first time from South America. They come from siliciclastic rocks of the Talacasto Formation in the Precordillera Basin, west-central Argentina. The host strata span the Lochkovian–Emsian and contain other non-ammonoid cephalopods as well, thus refuting the alleged virtual absence of cephalopods in circumpolar Devonian basins from southwestern Gondwana (the Malvinokaffric Realm). We reportBactrites gracilisandDevonobactrites? sp., whose wide distribution contrasts with the endemic paleobiogeographic signature of some other taxonomic groups in these basins. Furthermore, new Lochkovian and Pragian records ofBactritessp. provide new insights into the earliest bactritid records worldwide.