bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short-Term Results of Platelet-Rich Plasma as Adjuvant to 23-G Vitrectomy in the Treatment of High Myopic Macular Holes
Authors: Figueroa Marta S. , Govetto Andrea , de Arriba-Palomero Pablo 
Published: January 2016

Purpose To investigate the short-term safety and efficacy of autologous platelet-rich plasma (a-PRP) as adjuvant to pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling in the treatment of highly myopic macular holes (MH). Methods This was a prospective, nonrandomized interventional case series. Patients with MH associated with high myopia, with or without previous PPV, were included. All patients underwent 23-G PPV with the use of a-PRP. Anatomical and functional results of surgery were recorded. Results We included 7 eyes of 6 patients with highly myopic MH. Primary anatomical success was achieved in 7 out of 7 eyes. Mean best-corrected visual acuity improved by more than 1 line from baseline (0.66 ± 0.36 LogMAR) to final visit (0.52 ± 0.25 logMAR), but with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.246, Wilcoxon test). No surgical-related complications were noticed. Conclusions The use of a-PRP as adjuvant to PPV with ILM peeling is effective in the treatment of highly myopic MH. This approach may represent a valid alternative to the inverted ILM flap technique, with comparable visual and anatomical results and the advantage of a simpler procedure. Further studies are necessary to confirm its usefulness in the management of high myopic MH.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Vision Impairment among Children of Employees of Telecom, Italy
Authors: Nucci Carlo , Cofini Vincenza , Mancino Raffaele , Ricci Federico , Martucci Alessio , Cecilia Maria Rosita , Ciciarelli Vincenzo , Zazzara Francesca , Cedrone Claudio , di Orio Ferdinando 
Published: January 2016

Purpose To define the prevalence, causes, and risk factors of vision impairment (VI) in children. Methods In this study, relatives of Association for Supplemental Health Insurance to the Employees of Telecom members aged 5-16 years were examined in all Italian regions. A standardized record card was used to collect data on medical history; keratometry; objective refraction; uncorrected, presenting, and best-corrected visual acuity (VA); examination of the pupils, adnexa, and anterior segment; direct ophthalmoscopy; posterior segment and fundus examination; and assessment for ocular pathology. Binocular and monocular VI were defined by a VA <5/10 (or <20/40). Results The campaign included 17,508 children, 12,798 of whom (73.1%) were examined (and 12,740 on whom all VA data were gathered). The prevalence of uncorrected, presenting, and best-corrected VI in the better eye was 9.0%, 2.51%, and 0.10%, respectively. The following variables were associated with presenting VI: age 10-16 years, family history of myopia, female sex, family history of keratoconus, and hypertension. Myopia is the main cause of VI (82.6%). A total of 96% of children with presenting VI had correctable VI. Conclusions Correctable VI because of myopia is an important public health problem in school-age children in Italy.
Learning Opportunities Through a Student-generated assessment tool
Authors: Ploettner Joan 
Published: January 2016

The development of learning autonomy and the acquisition of professional discourse in a second language are current priorities of higher education content and language integrated learning (ICL-HE). Research regarding assessment of these objectives is lacking. This action research study explores the use of formative and self and peer assessment in the teaching of professional discourse in an ICL-HE context. It examines how student generation and application of an instrument to assess written professional discourse creates a knowledge building environment (KBE) and opportunities for learning and tracks the learning behaviour trajectory of one student. Interaction analysis is applied to audio and video data collected during a professional discourse writing activity. Classroom data provides evidence for the creation of KBE and opportunities for learning. Longitudinal data collected from one student reveals increasing orientation toward the learning object. The student generation of assessment instruments is a viable formative assessment technique in ICL-HE contexts.
Review. Successful family language policy: Parents, children and educators in interaction, edited by Mila Schwartz and Anna Verschik
Authors: Walls Francesca 
Published: January 2016

Demonstrating a burgeoning interest in the field of family language policy (FLP) around the world, Successful Family Language Policy comprises several contributions from researchers working on multiple different contexts, united in their aim to address the key question of what makes some families successful in achieving bi- or multilingual outcomes for their children and others not. Many factors that might contribute towards or jeopardise success are put forward throughout the course of the volume, helping to lay the groundwork in outlining the broad scope of the question and its implications. This is a valuable first step which, with further research and collaboration, should enable the establishment of a common theoretical framework and methodological approach that might fit the complex, multi-level phenomenon that is FLP and help provide nuanced answers for researchers and parents alike.
La evaluación del aprendizaje: de la retroalimentación a la autorregulación. El papel de las tecnologías.
Authors: García-Jiménez Eduardo 
Published: January 2016

Este artículo recoge	una revisión sobre la evaluación en el ámbito universitario	focalizada sobre la información que se aporta a los	estudiantes a partir del análisis de sus resultados de	aprendizaje. Para ello, define conceptos como	retroalimentación, proalimentación y autorregulación del	aprendizaje y los sitúa dentro del proceso de evaluación.	Tras segmentar dicho proceso en sus componentes	fundamentales, este trabajo se detiene en la relación entre	el modo en que se aporta información sobre la evaluación	(con especial atención al papel de las TIC) y la forma en	que dicha información se utiliza por parte de los	estudiantes, considerando variables que afectan a sus	antecedentes académicos, sus metas académicas o las	estrategias de aprendizaje que utiliza para lograr los	resultados de aprendizaje esperados en su currículo	formativo. El artículo analiza diferentes alternativas para	alinear esas variables y desarrollar un proceso sistemático	que conduzca a la autorregulación del aprendizaje de los	estudiantes. En ellas se contemplan diferentes formas de	participación de los estudiantes en la evaluación (coevaluación, evaluación entre iguales y autoevaluación) y sus consecuencias en el análisis y aprovechamiento de los resultados de la evaluación. El trabajo concluye destacando el papel de las políticas sobre la evaluación del aprendizaje y sus implicaciones en el desarrollo de los procesos de participación de los estudiantes en la evaluación
Experimental and theoretical investigation of electronic structure of SrFeO3−
xFx epitaxial thin films prepared via topotactic reaction
Authors: Katayama Tsukasa , Chikamatsu Akira , Kamisaka Hideyuki , Kumigashira Hiroshi , Hasegawa Tetsuya 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
We investigated the electronic structure of perovskite SrFeO3−

x
F
x
(0.6 ≤ x ≤ 1) films by optical absorption, photoemission, and X-ray absorption spectroscopies, as well as density functional theory (DFT)-based calculations. The optical bandgap expanded with x, yielding a wider direct bandgap for the SrFeO2F film than for the LaFeO3 film. The DFT calculations suggested that the majority of FeO4F2 octahedra in the SrFeO2F film had cis configurations and that the enlarged bandgap mainly originated from bond bending in the O–Fe–O chains. We experimentally observed the valence and conduction bands of the SrFeO2F film, and found them to be qualitatively consistent with the results of DFT-based calculations.
Continuous control of surface-plasmon excitation wavelengths using nanomechanically stretched subwavelength grating
Authors: Honma Hiroaki , Takahashi Kazuhiro , Ishida Makoto , Sawada Kazuaki 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
We report a new method for continuously controlling surface-plasmon (SP) excitation wavelengths using a nanomechanically stretched metal subwavelength grating. An aluminum subwavelength grating is integrated with electrostatic comb-drive actuators to expand the metal subwavelength period, which allows continuous control of the dependent excitation wavelength. We successfully demonstrated that the excitation wavelength over the 542–668 nm range varies continuously with the square of the applied voltage, which agrees well with the theory of electrostatic actuation. This new modulation method can provide the functions of readjustment and continuous tuning for SP-based devices.
Mass-selected ion beam study on etching characteristics of ZnO by methane-based plasma
Authors: Li Hu , Karahashi Kazuhiro , Fukasawa Masanaga , Nagahata Kazunori , Tatsumi Tetsuya , Hamaguchi Satoshi 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
In reactive ion etching (RIE) of ZnO by methane-based plasmas, the predominant ion–surface interactions are considered to occur through small hydrocarbon ions such as CH+ and CH3
+. In this study, the sputtering yields of ZnO etched by incident CH+, CH3
+, He+, Ne+, and Ar+ ions have been obtained as functions of incident ion energy with the use of a mass-selected ion beam system. Modification of chemical compositions of ZnO surfaces after ion bombardment has also been examined with an in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) system. It has been found that etching of ZnO by CH3
+ ions is chemically enhanced, exhibiting a sputtering yield much higher than the corresponding purely physical sputtering yield. The sputtering yield of ZnO depends strongly on the amount of hydrogen supplied by incident hydrocarbon ions. Hydrogen adsorbed on a ZnO surface tends to impede carbon deposition and therefore exposes ZnO directly to energetic incident ions. On the other hand, if a SiO2 or SiN surface is exposed to hydrocarbon ion beams of the same kinds and energies, carbon deposition always takes place and no etching of the material occurs. Therefore, both SiO2 and SiN may serve as ideal hard mask materials for selective etching of ZnO by methane-based plasmas.
Effect of N2O-doped buffer layer on the optical properties of ZnO films grown on glass substrates using high-energy H2O generated by catalytic reaction
Authors: Kanauchi Shingo , Ohashi Yuki , Ohishi Koichiro , Katagiri Hironori , Tamayama Yasuhiro , Kato Takahiro , Yasui Kanji 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Improvement in the optical properties of ZnO films grown on glass substrates was investigated using a N2O-doped buffer layer inserted between the glass substrate and a ZnO film deposited by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). ZnO films were grown at 773 K using dimethylzinc (DMZn) and high-temperature H2O generated by catalytic reaction as zinc and oxygen sources, respectively. Crystal growth was enhanced for the ZnO film grown on the N2O-doped buffer layer, and the fluctuation in crystal orientation along the c-axis became less than that for a film grown directly on the glass substrate by CVD. The optical transmittance of the film in the wavelength range of 375–700 nm also increased with insertion of the buffer layer.
Implementation of the user embracement module from the cegonha carioca program in the city of Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Sento Sé Carla Coutinho , Progianti Jane Márcia , Pereira Adriana Lenho de Figueiredo 
Published: January 2016

Objetivo: Descrever as estratégias da gestão pública para a implantação do módulo acolhimento do Programa Cegonha Carioca. Método: Estudo qualitativo. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, no período de janeiro a março de 2013, com três gerentes da Superintendência de Hospitais Pediátricos e Maternidades, responsáveis pelo processo de elaboração e implantação do Programa Cegonha Carioca. Resultados: As estratégias utilizadas pela gestão pública para implantação do módulo acolhimento foram: a vinculação do pré-natal a maternidade de referência; a reorganização das emergências obstétricas municipais e a inserção da enfermeira obstétrica no módulo acolhimento. Conclusão: A enfermeira obstétrica foi inserida nessas emergências para implementar as ações de acolhimento, sendo reconhecida pelas gerentes como uma autoridade técnica no cuidado obstétrico humanizado. Descritores: Política de Saúde, Saúde da Mulher, Enfermagem Obstétrica, Acolhimento.
Rapid anthropogenic changes in CO2 and pH in the Atlantic Ocean: 2003–2014
Authors: Woosley Ryan J. , Millero Frank J. , Wanninkhof Rik 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe extended multilinear regression method is used to determine the uptake and storage of anthropogenic carbon in the Atlantic Ocean based on repeat occupations of four cruises from 1989 to 2014 (A16, A20, A22, and A10), with an emphasis on the 2003–2014 period. The results show a significant increase in basin‐wide anthropogenic carbon storage in the North Atlantic, which absorbed 4.4 ± 0.9 Pg C decade−1 from 2003 to 2014 compared to 1.9 ± 0.4 Pg C decade−1 for the 1989–2003 period. This decadal variability is attributed to changing ventilation patterns associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation and increasing release of anthropogenic carbon into the atmosphere. There are small changes in the uptake rate of CO2 in the South Atlantic for these time periods (3.7 ± 0.8 Pg C decade−1 versus 3.2 ± 0.7 Pg C decade−1). Several eddies are identified containing ~20% more anthropogenic carbon than the surrounding waters in the South Atlantic demonstrating the importance of eddies in transporting anthropogenic carbon. The uptake of carbon results in a decrease in pH of ~0.0021 ± 0.0007 year−1 for surface waters during the last 10 years, in line with the atmospheric increase in CO2.
Source estimate and tsunami forecast from far‐field deep‐ocean tsunami waveforms—The 27 February 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule earthquake
Authors: Yoshimoto Masahiro , Watada Shingo , Fujii Yushiro , Satake Kenji 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe inverted the 2010 Maule earthquake tsunami waveforms recorded at DART (Deep‐ocean Assessment and Reporting Tsunamis) stations in the Pacific Ocean by taking into account the effects of the seawater compressibility, elasticity of the solid Earth, and gravitational potential change. These effects slow down the tsunami speed and consequently move the slip offshore or updip direction, consistent with the slip distribution obtained by a joint inversion of DART, tide gauge, GPS, and coastal geodetic data. Separate inversions of only near‐field DART data and only far‐field DART data produce similar slip distributions. The former demonstrates that accurate tsunami arrival times and waveforms of trans‐Pacific tsunamis can be forecast in real time. The latter indicates that if the tsunami source area is as large as the 2010 Maule earthquake, the tsunami source can be accurately estimated from the far‐field deep‐ocean tsunami records without near‐field data.
Crystallization kinetics of rhyolitic melts using oxygen isotope ratios
Authors: Befus Kenneth S. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractCrystals provide the means to understand igneous systems, but natural constraints on crystallization kinetics are rare because thermal conditions and crystallization timescales are typically unknown. Oxygen isotope ratios in quartz and alkali feldspar crystals in spherulites provide a natural record of the temperature interval of crystallization and crystal growth rates in rhyolitic melts. Oxygen isotope compositions in both phases change progressively with position from the spherulite core to rim. Quartz δ18O increases from 5.0 ± 0.3‰ in the core to 5.6 ± 0.3‰ at the rims, whereas alkali feldspar decreases from 3.7 ± 0.4‰ in the core to 2.7 ± 0.9‰ at the rims. Fractionation therefore increases from 1.3 ± 0.7‰ in the cores to 2.9 ± 1.1‰ at the rims. Oxygen isotope thermometry tracks crystallization temperature with position. Spherulites nucleate at 578 ± 160°C and continue to grow until 301 ± 88°C. The in situ analyses demonstrate that spherulites self‐contain a record of their thermal history and that of the host lava.
A paleomagnetic and rock magnetic study of the Manicouagan impact structure: Implications for crater formation and geodynamo effects
Authors: Eitel Michael , Gilder Stuart A. , Spray John , Thompson Lucy , Pohl Jean 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe report rock magnetic and paleomagnetic data from the ~214 Ma Manicouagan (Canada) impact crater based on 25 widely distributed sites of impact melt and basement rocks collected at the surface as well as from boreholes drilled to depths ≤1.5 km. Titanomagnetite and titanohematite carry the magnetic remanence in impact melts above 320 m elevation and in most basement rocks. Impact melts below 320 m contain solely titanomagnetite. Magnetic susceptibility and saturation magnetization, proxies for titanomagnetite concentration, increase more than tenfold toward the base of the thickest impact melt that underwent fractional crystallization. The titanomagnetite‐enriched zone partially contributes to a 2000 nT magnetic anomaly in the crater's center. Stepwise demagnetization reveals a single, normal polarity magnetization component in all samples regardless of the magnetic phases present. Coeval lock‐in remanence times for titanomagnetite and titanohematite indicate that the titanohematite formed >570°C during oxi‐exsolution. The average paleomagnetic direction and intensity coincide well with 214 Ma reference values. We find no evidence for an aberration of the geomagnetic field over the several thousands of years it took to cool a 481 m thick portion of the impact melt body. Hence, the energy released by the Manicouagan impact that created one of the 10 largest known craters on Earth provoked no measurable disturbance of the geodynamo. Magnetic anisotropy of clast‐free impact melts define magnetic lineation directions that are, in places, radially oriented with respect to the crater's center. Centrifugal flow of the melt within the evolving transient crater probably generated the fabric.
Simulated responses of terrestrial aridity to black carbon and sulfate aerosols
Authors: Lin L. , Gettelman A. , Xu Y. , Fu Q. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAridity index (AI), defined as the ratio of precipitation to potential evapotranspiration (PET), is a measure of the dryness of terrestrial climate. Global climate models generally project future decreases of AI (drying) associated with global warming scenarios driven by increasing greenhouse gas and declining aerosols. Given their different effects in the climate system, scattering and absorbing aerosols may affect AI differently. Here we explore the terrestrial aridity responses to anthropogenic black carbon (BC) and sulfate (SO4) aerosols with Community Earth System Model simulations. Positive BC radiative forcing decreases precipitation averaged over global land at a rate of 0.9%/°C of global mean surface temperature increase (moderate drying), while BC radiative forcing increases PET by 1.0%/°C (also drying). BC leads to a global decrease of 1.9%/°C in AI (drying). SO4 forcing is negative and causes precipitation a decrease at a rate of 6.7%/°C cooling (strong drying). PET also decreases in response to SO4 aerosol cooling by 6.3%/°C cooling (contributing to moistening). Thus, SO4 cooling leads to a small decrease in AI (drying) by 0.4%/°C cooling. Despite the opposite effects on global mean temperature, BC and SO4 both contribute to the twentieth century drying (AI decrease). Sensitivity test indicates that surface temperature and surface available energy changes dominate BC‐ and SO4‐induced PET changes.
CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 and Aβ42/Aβ38 ratios: better diagnostic markers of Alzheimer disease
Authors: Janelidze Shorena , Zetterberg Henrik , Mattsson Niklas , Palmqvist Sebastian , Vanderstichele Hugo , Lindberg Olof , van Westen Danielle , Stomrud Erik , Minthon Lennart , Blennow Kaj ,   the Swedish BioFINDER study group, Hansson Oskar 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe diagnostic accuracy of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) must be improved before widespread clinical use. This study aimed to determine whether CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 and Aβ42/Aβ38 ratios are better diagnostic biomarkers of AD during both predementia and dementia stages in comparison to CSF Aβ42 alone.MethodsThe study comprised three different cohorts (n = 1182) in whom CSF levels of Aβ42, Aβ40, and Aβ38 were assessed. CSF Aβs were quantified using three different immunoassays (Euroimmun, Meso Scale Discovery, Quanterix). As reference standard, we used either amyloid (18F‐flutemetamol) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging (n = 215) or clinical diagnosis (n = 967) of well‐characterized patients.ResultsWhen using three different immunoassays in cases with subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment, the CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 and Aβ42/Aβ38 ratios were significantly better predictors of abnormal amyloid PET than CSF Aβ42. Lower Aβ42, Aβ42/Aβ40, and Aβ42/Aβ38 ratios, but not Aβ40 and Aβ38, correlated with smaller hippocampal volumes measured by magnetic resonance imaging. However, lower Aβ38, Aβ40, and Aβ42, but not the ratios, correlated with non‐AD‐specific subcortical changes, that is, larger lateral ventricles and white matter lesions. Further, the Aβ42/Aβ40 and Aβ42/Aβ38 ratios showed increased accuracy compared to Aβ42 when distinguishing AD from dementia with Lewy bodies or Parkinson's disease dementia and subcortical vascular dementia, where all Aβs (including Aβ42) were decreased.InterpretationThe CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 and Aβ42/Aβ38 ratios are significantly better than CSF Aβ42 to detect brain amyloid deposition in prodromal AD and to differentiate AD dementia from non‐AD dementias. The ratios reflect AD‐type pathology better, whereas decline in CSF Aβ42 is also associated with non‐AD subcortical pathologies. These findings strongly suggest that the ratios rather than CSF Aβ42 should be used in the clinical work‐up of AD.
A Semi‐Conductive Copper–Organic Framework with Two Types of Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Wu Zhi‐Lei , Wang Chang‐Hong , Zhao Bin , Dong Jie , Lu Feng , Wang Wei‐Hua , Wang Wei‐Chao , Wu Guang‐Jun , Cui Jian‐Zhong , Cheng Peng 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBased on the newly designed ligand 4′‐(3,5‐dicarboxyphenyl)‐4,2′:6′,4′′‐terpyridine (DCTP), a unique semi‐conductive 3D framework {[CuΙCuΙΙ2(DCTP)2]NO3⋅1.5 DMF}n (1) with a narrow band gap of 2.1 eV, was obtained and structurally characterized. DFT calculations with van de Waals correction employed to explore the electronic structure of 1, clearly revealed its semi‐conductive behavior. Furthermore, we found that 1 exhibits a superior band alignment with water to produce hydrogen and degrade organic pollutants. Without adding any photosensitizers, 1 displays an efficiently photocatalytic hydrogen production in water based on the photo‐generated electrons under UV/Vis light. 1 also exhibits excellent photo‐degradation of methyl blue under visible‐light owing to the strong oxidization of excited holes. It is the first example of MOFs with doubly photocatalytic activities related to photo‐generated electrons and holes, respectively.