bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The National System of Youth and Children's Choirs and Orchestras of Venezuela: A teaching model of social inclusion through musical excellence
Authors: Verhagen Franka , Panigada Leonardo , Morales Ronnie 
Published: July 2016

The National System of Youth and Children's Choirs and Orchestras of Venezuela, now in its 41st year, serves as a powerful tool for social inclusion by means of collective music education. This paper tries to illustrate the validity of its vision and mission and clarify the ways its particular didactic practices break traditional paradigms. Along these four decades and with the support of the Venezuelan state, El Sistema has adapted itself to changing times, deepening its social action as proposed by Maestro José Antonio Abreu. This has been accomplished through a number of educational principles and with the creation of new programs that have responded to the needs of thousands of children and youngsters, and with the practice of music making. Here there is a close look at the key pedagogical and didactical concepts, describing the individual and collective benefits that derive from their practice. Finally, we define the educational principles underneath the musical and social work of the institution.
Men’s and women’s position in the family in the context of social gender roles
Authors: Vargün Berivan 
Published: July 2016

Men’s and Women’s positions in traditional families differ in the context of social gender roles. Identifying and analysing the socio-cultural values concerning gender roles transmitted down to individuals through teaching is important in that they demonstrate the status of traditional values and unwritten rules which are alive in societies today. The study was conducted in the central quarters of Şanlıurfa and Batman cities. Firstly, men’s and women’s duties in a family, women’s position in a family, the way participants got married, and families’ value judgements on families’ role in the formation of conjugal union were investigated in this research. The method of field research was employed in this study. The questions in the interview form were prepared as open-ended questions so as to be able to understand participants’ attitudes towards and thoughts about the issue and to go into detils during face-to-face interviews. The interviews with women which started as individual interviews later turned into group interviews especially in some quarters due to the fact that the women invited their friends living in their neighborhood into the interviews, and spontaneous conversations occured. The women listened to each other and then responded to the questions but by defending their views.
Nicotine Analysis in Several Non-Tobacco Plant Materials
Authors: Moldoveanu Serban C. , Scott Wayne A. , Lawson Darlene M. 
Published: July 2016

Summary
Present study describes the determination of nicotine in various plant samples with a low content of this compound. Nicotine is found naturally in plants from the Solanaceae family. The plants from Nicotiana genus contain large levels of nicotine. However, only low levels are present in plants from Solanum genus including potato, tomato, eggplant, and from Capsicum genus, which are used as food. Because the levels of nicotine in these materials are in the range of parts per billion, the measurements are difficult and the results are very different from study to study. The present study evaluated the level of nicotine in a number of plants (fruits, roots, leaves, tubers) from Solanaceae family (not including Nicotiana genus) and from several other vegetables commonly used as food. The analysis consisted of the treatment of plant material with an aqueous solution 5% NaOH at 70°C for 30 min, followed by extraction with TBME containing d3-nicotine as an internal standard. The TBME organic layer was analyzed on a 7890B/7000C GC-MS/MS system with a 30 m × 0.25 mm, 0.25 μm film CAM column. The MS/MS system worked in MRM positive ionization mode monitoring the transition 162 - 84 for nicotine and 165 - 87 for d3-nicotine. Particular attention was given to the preservation of the intact levels of nicotine in the plant material. The plant material was analyzed as is, without drying and with minimal exposure to contaminations. Separately, the moisture of the plant material was measured in order to report the nicotine level on a dry-basis. Levels of nicotine around 180 ng/g dry material were obtained for tomatoes and eggplant (fruit) and lower levels were obtained for green pepper and potato. Similar levels to that in the tomato fruit were detected in tomato leaves. Materials from other plant families also showed traces of nicotine. [Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 27 (2016) 54-59]
A Simultaneous Analytical Method to Profile Non-Volatile Components with Low Polarity Elucidating Differences Between Tobacco Leaves Using Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry Detection
Authors: Ishida Naoyuki 
Published: July 2016

Summary
A comprehensive analytical method using liquid chromatography atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry detector (LC/APCI-MSD) was developed to determine key non-volatile components with low polarity elucidating holistic difference among tobacco leaves. Nonaqueous reversed-phase chromatography (NARPC) using organic solvent ensured simultaneous separation of various components with low polarity in tobacco resin. Application of full-scan mode to APCI-MSD hyphenated with NARPC enabled simultaneous detection of numerous intense product ions given by APCI interface. Parameters for data processing to filter, feature and align peaks were adjusted in order to strike a balance between comprehensiveness and reproducibility in analysis. 63 types of components such as solanesols, chlorophylls, phytosterols, triacylglycerols, solanachromene and others were determined on total ion chromatograms according to authentic components, wavelength spectrum and mass spectrum. The whole area of identified entities among the ones detected on total ion chromatogram reached to over 60% and major entities among those identified showed favorable linearity of determination coefficient of over 0.99. The developed method and data processing procedure were therefore considered feasible for subsequent multivariate analysis. Data matrix consisting of a number of entities was then subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis. Cultivars of tobacco leaves were distributed far from each cultivar on PCA score plot and each cluster seemed to be characterized by identified non-volatile components with low polarity. While fluecured Virginia (FCV) was loaded by solanachromene, phytosterol esters and triacylglycerols, free phytosterols and chlorophylls loaded Burley (BLY) and Oriental (ORI) respectively. Consequently the whole methodology consisting of comprehensive method and data processing procedure proved useful to determine key-components among cultivars of tobacco leaves, and was expected to additionally expand coverage that metabolomics study has ensured. [Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 27 (2016) 60-73]
Cross-Sectional Relations Between Slim Cigarettes and Smoking Prevalence
Authors: Slater Adam 
Published: July 2016

Summary
Slim cigarettes were defined in the 2012 draft European Union-Tobacco Product Directive (EU-TPD) as cigarettes with a diameter of less than 7.5mm. Allegations that slim cigarettes may negatively impact tobacco control efforts led the European Commission to propose a ban on them in 2012, which was ultimately rejected. This study investigated whether there is any association between slim cigarettes and smoking prevalence rates, in order to see if these allegations are justified. Data was compiled on the market share of slim cigarettes and smoking prevalence rates from the years 2012, 2006 and 1996. The core 2012 sample (once data limitations were accounted for) consisted of 95 countries. Raw correlations between market shares of slim cigarettes and smoking prevalence rates were first examined, followed by multivariate cross-country regressions where various factors were controlled for. This was done for overall smoking prevalence, as well as for male and female prevalence separately.
Although raw correlations between the slim cigarette market share and smoking prevalence were sometimes positive and statistically significant, this result disappeared in all cases except for one when potential confounding factors were fully controlled for. The correlation between slim cigarette market share and smoking prevalence remained significant only for males in 2012 at levels of statistical significance of 10% or above when cultural and socio-economic factors were fully controlled for. Importantly, for females no positive statistically significant correlations between the slim cigarette market share and smoking prevalence were found for any year. The cross-country variation in smoking prevalence was substantially explained by a number of regional and cultural dummies, as well as socio-economic factors.
This study has found no indication that a higher market share of slim cigarettes was associated with greater smoking prevalence among females, and has failed to find a strong indication among males, once confounding factors were controlled for. [Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 27 (2016) 75-99]
Lymphocyte signaling and activation by the CARMA1-BCL10-MALT1 signalosome
Authors: Meininger Isabel , Krappmann Daniel 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The CARMA1-BCL10-MALT1 (CBM) signalosome triggers canonical NF-κB signaling and lymphocyte activation upon antigen-receptor stimulation. Genetic studies in mice and the analysis of human immune pathologies unveiled a critical role of the CBM complex in adaptive immune responses. Great progress has been made in elucidating the fundamental mechanisms that dictate CBM assembly and disassembly. By bridging proximal antigen-receptor signaling to downstream signaling pathways, the CBM complex exerts a crucial scaffolding function. Moreover, the MALT1 subunit confers a unique proteolytic activity that is key for lymphocyte activation. Deregulated ‘chronic’ CBM signaling drives constitutive NF-κB signaling and MALT1 activation, which contribute to the development of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases as well as lymphomagenesis. Thus, the processes that govern CBM activation and function are promising targets for the treatment of immune disorders. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the functions and mechanisms of CBM signaling in lymphocytes and how CBM deregulations contribute to aberrant signaling in malignant lymphomas.
Winston Peters “Puts His Hand to the Plow”: The Bible in New Zealand Political Discourse
Authors: Myles Robert J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis article examines the charismatic New Zealand politician Winston Peters’ sparse use of the Bible as a case study in the propagation of the “Cultural” and “Liberal” Bibles across the relatively irreligious landscape of New Zealand’s political landscape. It considers why politicians continue to employ biblical rhetoric despite increasing indifference towards Christianity and the Bible, by situating such moves within the context of global capitalism. It also identifies some peculiarities of the political use of the Bible unique to the New Zealand situation and explores how these have aided the construction of distinctive political identities.“Jesus said to him, ‘No one who puts a hand to the plow and looks back is fit for the Kingdom of God’.” – Luke 9:62“The Old Testament was my textbook.” – Winston Peters
Spectral Methods for Determining the Stability and Noise Performance of Passively Modelocked Lasers
Authors: Menyuk Curtis R. , Wang Shaokang 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
We describe spectral or dynamical methods that can be used to determine the stability and noise performance of modelocked lasers.We first review methods that have been used to date to theoretically and computationally study passively modelocked lasers, contrasting evolutionary and dynamical approaches and their application to full, averaged, and reduced models. We then develop the spectral methods and show how they can be used to determine the stability and to calculate the timing jitter and power spectral density for any averaged model with any equilibrium pulse shape. We review work that has been done on soliton lasers using soliton perturbation theory from this dynamical perspective, and we contrast the simplicity and generality of our methods to prior work. We close with a discussion of how to extend our approach from averaged models to full models.
Local Versus Global Effects of Isoflurane Anesthesia on Visual Processing in the Fly Brain
Authors: Cohen Dror , Zalucki Oressia H. , van Swinderen Bruno , Tsuchiya Naotsugu 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWhat characteristics of neural activity distinguish the awake and anesthetized brain? Drugs such as isoflurane abolish behavioral responsiveness in all animals, implying evolutionarily conserved mechanisms. However, it is unclear whether this conservation is reflected at the level of neural activity. Studies in humans have shown that anesthesia is characterized by spatially distinct spectral and coherence signatures that have also been implicated in the global impairment of cortical communication. We questioned whether anesthesia has similar effects on global and local neural processing in one of the smallest brains, that of the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster). Using a recently developed multielectrode technique, we recorded local field potentials from different areas of the fly brain simultaneously, while manipulating the concentration of isoflurane. Flickering visual stimuli (‘frequency tags’) allowed us to track evoked responses in the frequency domain and measure the effects of isoflurane throughout the brain. We found that isoflurane reduced power and coherence at the tagging frequency (13 or 17 Hz) in central brain regions. Unexpectedly, isoflurane increased power and coherence at twice the tag frequency (26 or 34 Hz) in the optic lobes of the fly, but only for specific stimulus configurations. By modeling the periodic responses, we show that the increase in power in peripheral areas can be attributed to local neuroanatomy. We further show that the effects on coherence can be explained by impacted signal-to-noise ratios. Together, our results show that general anesthesia has distinct local and global effects on neuronal processing in the fruit fly brain.
DIAGNOSIS AND PREVENTION WITH OR WITHOUT SENTENCE CONTEXT LEXICAL DEFINITIONS IN YOUNG PEOPLE AGED BETWEEN 8 AND 12
Authors: Luigi Aprile 
Published: July 2016

Our hypothesis foresees the presence of the following lexical abilities: synonyms, antonyms, categories, word function with or without sentence context. 215 girls and 257 boys in third grade, 240 girls and 255 boys in fourth grade, 245 girls and 276 boys in fifth grade (for a total of 1488) participated in this research project. The experiment was divided into 2 phases. In the first phase, 100 boys and girls, divided by age were asked to define words with high image value and dominant meaning and frequency of use in a list. The words were taken from short readings of elementary school literature. The passages used were those reflecting a popularity rating above 80%. The Flesch index of readability (with a value between 64 and 73, higher than mean value of 50) was applied to the readings. In the first phase we recorded the answers the children gave to questions such as “What does word X mean?” or “How would you define word X?”. The children were asked to provide the best written definition according to them. They were with no problems in reading and writing processes. We then proceeded to elaborate the test with four multiple choice questions. In the second phase, using the definitions provided by the children, we used trials subject to item analysis using calculations based on: index of difficulty, ability to distinguish, reliability factor (using the Kuder-Richardson formula). The definitive test was divided into eight parts including: synonyms, antonyms, categories, contextual and non contextual functions (PAV or Analytical Vocabulary Test, Florence, O.S., 1991).The results showed by means of factorial analysis times principle components (varimax method, N = 1488) the presence of two principal factors: Factor 1, contextual and Factor 2, non contextual. This data would seem to confirm that subjects when working out the definition of words, need two types of information: the context of the sentence in which the word is used (Factor 1, contextual) and the definition of the word without referring to the sentence (Factor 2, non contextual).
THE “QUESTIONNAIRE OF THE DIFFERENCE IMAGINARY BABY VS. REAL BABY”: A NEW INSTRUMENT FOR THE EVALUATION OF DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PRENATAL AND POSTNATAL MATERNAL PERCEPTIONS AFTER DELIVERY
Authors: Chagas Carolina Santos , Maltez Patrícia Mendes Lourenço , Miranda Sandra Isabel Santos , Justo João Manuel Rosado de Miranda 
Published: July 2016

INTRODUCTION: Fantasmatic baby, imaginary baby and the real baby are important concepts for the understanding of the psychological life of pregnant women as of newly mothers.GOAL: To present a new psychometric instrument for the assessment of the difference between imaginary baby and real baby by the first days after delivery.METHOD: Generation of 30 items about the difference between imaginary baby and real baby related to five main areas of newborns’ life: feeding, sleeping, interaction, baby characteristics and temperament.PARTICIPANTS: The “Questionnaire of the Difference Imaginary Baby vs. Real Baby” (QDIBRB) was applied to a sample (N = 190) of newly mothers at Maternidade Dr. Alfredo da Costa in Lisbon.RESULTS: After a series of factorial analysis, Equamax rotation with extraction forced to 4 factors (explaining 52.7% of total variance) provided 3 factors about differences between maternal prenatal and postnatal perceptions on the following areas: F1 - babies’ positive emotional expressions (α = .881), F2 - maternal fears related with babies’ behavioral meaning (α = .850) and F3 - babies’ appealing behavior (α = .783). For the complete scale internal consistency is excellent (α = .921).CONCLUSION: The QDIBRB seems to be able to assess differences between the imaginary baby and the real baby in a psychometric way. Future research is needed to show if data collected with QDIBRB are useful in the world of perinatal psychology
TOPICS EN LA INVESTIGACIÓN DEL ENVEJECIMIENTO: UN EJEMPLO DE ANALISIS DE CASO
Authors: González Rabanal Melina , Sánchez Cabaco Antonio , Fernández Mateos Luz Mª 
Published: July 2016

Nuestro objetivo con este trabajo es realizar un análisis de la productividad investigadora, en el ámbito del envejecimiento, por parte de la asociación INFAD, publicada a través de su instrumento de difusión del conocimiento, la revista InternationalJournal of Developmental and EducationalPsychology. A partir de una categorización inicial en 8 campos científicos se clasifican los diferentes artículos publicados y se muestran los resultados encontrados en el periodo 2007-2014. Señalamos además los autores más productivos, tanto españoles como portugueses, en el rango temporal marcado. Por último se derivan las conclusiones para el envejecimiento activo.
COMPRENDERE E FAR COMPRENDERE
Authors: De Leo Daniela 
Published: July 2016

In this paper the basic question is how who stars from the comprehension contributes to build the learning in a different way than who starts from an easy activity, have a light measurement of comprehension that you want to develop and live the same space inside of linguistic interaction process, constant negotiation of meanings, to realize a significant learning.In questo saggio la questione principale è come chi parte dalla comprensione concorra a costruire apprendimento in modo diverso da chi parte da una semplice attività, avere chiara la dimensione di comprensione che si vuole sviluppare e abitare la stessa dimensione all’interno dell’interazione linguistica, costante negoziazione di significati, aiuta ad attivare il processo di progettazione per la realizzazione di un apprendimento significativo.
IMPLEMENTACION DE SISTEMAS ERGONÓMICOS: RECOMENDACIONES FINALES PARA EL PARLAMENTO, LA COMISIÓN Y EL ESTADO ESPAÑOL
Authors: Sánchez Iglesias Ana Isabel , Vicente Castro Florencio , Casas Barrigón José Ángel , Sánchez Cabaco Antonio , Del Barrio José Antonio , Jiménez Antonio , Fajardo Caldera Mª Isabel , Palmero Carmen , González Santos Josefa 
Published: July 2016

Este trabajo recoge las conclusiones finales de la investigación desarrollada a lo largo de estos dos últimos años en el marco del proyecto europeo ERGO WORK,(Joining academia and business for new opportunities in creating ERGOnomic WORK places) junto a las aportaciones complementarias realizadas por la Asociación INFAD en relación a la implementación de sistemas ergonómicos en el ámbito del empleo y la discapacidad. Como herramienta innovadora de este estudio, destacar el conjunto de recomendaciones que se han elevado ya a la Comisión Europea, con el objetivo de contribuir a los fines de mejora marcados al respecto por la U.E , además de las relativas al Estado Español, con competencia directa en la misma. La filosofía del Diseño para Todos se ha convertido en un tema de interés clave en el actual contexto nacional y europeo que, como demostraremos, aporta soluciones concretas para que tanto los entornos como los productos, servicios y sistemas puedan ser utilizados por el mayor número posible de personas respondiendo a modelos inclusivos y de atención a la diversidad. La investigación se ha desarrollado a través de un Consorcio integrado por seis países europeos y diez socios, ha sido financiada por la Comisión Europea en el marco de las Alianzas Estratégicas (Erasmus-LLP), y plantea como uno de sus productos finales parte de las conclusiones recogidas en este trabajo.