bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Outcomes of Extended Dwell/Midline Peripheral Intravenous Catheters and Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters in Children
Authors: Anderson Jill , Greenwell Angela , Louderback Jill , Polivka Barbara J. , Behr Jodi Herron 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Background: Insertion of extended dwell/midline peripheral intravenous (EPIVs) catheters is not common practice in pediatric hospitals. An interdisciplinary team in 1 pediatric hospital developed a venous access decision tree based on current standards that included EPIVs. The purpose of this evaluation was to assess the process and pediatric patient outcomes associated with use of EPIVs and with peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs).
Methods: A retrospective record review over 22 months was conducted for 375 patients who received either a PICC (67.5%) or EPIV (32.5%). Data collected included patient demographic characteristics, diagnosis category, type and purpose of the line, insertion and removal dates, catheter size, placement location, and complications encountered.
Results: EPIVs were inserted with a 1.9F or 3F catheter, whereas PICCs generally used a 3F or 4F catheter. EPIVS were more commonly inserted in children younger than age 1 year, whereas children aged ≥ 11 years more often had a PICC inserted. EPIVs remained in place an average of 9 days compared with 20 days for PICC lines. Significantly more complications occurred during the placement of PICCs, whereas EPIVs had more complications during use such as leakage, dislodging, and infiltration.
Conclusions: EPIVs were a successful alternative to PICC or peripherally inserted venous catheters for children in an inpatient acute-care facility who need 30 days or fewer of nonvesicant intravenous therapy. The venous access decision tree provided useful guidance in determining the appropriate venous access device for pediatric patients and the decision tree was adhered to by the vascular access team.
Insertion torque, resonance frequency, and removal torque analysis of microimplants
Authors: Tseng Yu‐Chuan , Ting Chun‐Chan , Du Je‐Kang , Chen Chun‐Ming , Wu Ju‐Hui , Chen Hong‐Sen 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis study aimed to compare the insertion torque (IT), resonance frequency (RF), and removal torque (RT) among three microimplant brands. Thirty microimplants of the three brands were used as follows: Type A (titanium alloy, 1.5‐mm × 8‐mm), Type B (stainless steel, 1.5‐mm × 8‐mm), and Type C (titanium alloy, 1.5‐mm × 9‐mm). A synthetic bone with a 2‐mm cortical bone and bone marrow was used. Each microimplant was inserted into the synthetic bone, without predrilling, to a 7 mm depth. The IT, RF, and RT were measured in both vertical and horizontal directions. One‐way analysis of variance and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient tests were used for intergroup and intragroup comparisons, respectively. In the vertical test, the ITs of Type C (7.8 Ncm) and Type B (7.5 Ncm) were significantly higher than that of Type A (4.4 Ncm). The RFs of Type C (11.5 kHz) and Type A (10.2 kHz) were significantly higher than that of Type B (7.5 kHz). Type C (7.4 Ncm) and Type B (7.3 Ncm) had significantly higher RTs than did Type A (4.1 Ncm). In the horizontal test, both the ITs and RTs were significantly higher for Type C, compared with Type A. No significant differences were found among the groups, and the study hypothesis was accepted. Type A had the lowest inner/outer diameter ratio and widest apical facing angle, engendering the lowest IT and highest RF values. However, no significant correlations in the IT, RF, and RT were observed among the three groups.
Powered Exoskeletons for Walking Assistance in Persons with Central Nervous System Injuries: A Narrative Review
Authors: Esquenazi Alberto , Talaty Mukul , Jayaraman Arun 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIndividuals with central nervous system injuries are a large and apparently rapidly expanding population—as suggested by 2013 statistics from the American Heart Association. Increasing survival rates and lifespans emphasize the need to improve the quality of life for this population. In persons with central nervous system injuries, mobility limitations are among the most important factors contributing to reduced life satisfaction. Decreased mobility and subsequently reduced overall activity levels also contribute to lower levels of physical health. Braces to assist walking are options for greater‐functioning individuals but still limit overall mobility as the result of increased energy expenditure and difficulty of use. For individuals with greater levels of mobility impairment, wheelchairs remain the preferred mobility aid yet still fall considerably short compared with upright bipedal walking. Furthermore, the promise of functional electrical stimulation as a means to achieve walking has yet to materialize. None of these options allow individuals to achieve walking at speeds or levels comparable with those seen in individuals with unimpaired gait. Medical exoskeletons hold much promise to fulfill this unmet need and have advanced as a viable option in both therapeutic and personal mobility state, particularly during the past decade. The present review highlights the major developments in this technology, with a focus on exoskeletons for lower limb that may encompass the spine and that aim to allow independent upright walking for those who otherwise do not have this option. Specifically reviewed are powered exoskeletons that are either commercially available or have the potential to restore upright walking function. This paper includes a basic description of how each exoskeleton device works, a summation of key features, their known limitations, and a discussion of current and future clinical applicability.
Behandler-Reaktionen auf die Meinungsäußerung von Patienten
Authors: Oberschelp Sarah-Lu , Schöpf Andrea C. , Farin Erik 
Published: August 2016

Zusammenfassung. Die Interaktion zwischen Behandler und Patient kann die Behandlung und deren Ergebnis stark beeinflussen. Die Studie untersucht die Wirkung von aktivem Kommunikationsverhalten des Patienten im Aufnahmegespräch auf die unmittelbare kommunikative Reaktion des Behandlers. Es wurden 21 Audiomitschnitte von Aufnahmegesprächen zwischen N = 21 Patienten mit chronisch-ischämischer Herzkrankheit und N = 10 Behandlern an zwei kardiologischen Rehabilitationskliniken analysiert. Die Audiomitschnitte wurden mittels RIAS codiert und Sequenz- und Lag-Analysen durchgeführt. Hierbei wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen aktiven Patientenverhaltensweisen (Meinungsäußerung) und den darauf‏ ‎folgenden kommunikativen Reaktionen des Behandlers untersucht. Aktive Meinungsäußerungen durch Patienten sind insgesamt sehr selten. Unaufgeforderte Meinungsäußerungen, welche nicht durch eine Frage des Behandlers ausgelöst wurde, kamen noch seltener vor. Allerdings zeigte die Sequenzanalyse, dass Patientenverhaltensweisen mit dem Kommunikationsverhalten von Behandlern in Zusammenhang steht. Die Meinungsäußerung wird in vielen Fällen aber nicht als Grundlage für eine gemeinsame Entscheidungsfindung genutzt. Zukünftige Studien sollten klären, warum aktive Meinungsäußerungen nicht als Anlass für eine gemeinsame Entscheidungsfindung genutzt werden.
Quantum super-oscillation of a single photon
Authors: Yuan Guang Hui , Vezzoli Stefano , Altuzarra Charles , Rogers Edward TF , Couteau Christophe , Soci Cesare , Zheludev Nikolay I 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSuper-oscillation is a counterintuitive phenomenon describing localized fast variations of functions and fields that happen at frequencies higher than the highest Fourier component of their spectra. The physical implications of this effect have been studied in information theory and optics of classical fields, and have been used in super-resolution imaging. As a general phenomenon of wave dynamics, super-oscillations have also been predicted to exist in quantum wavefunctions. Here we report the experimental demonstration of super-oscillatory behavior of a single-quantum object, a photon. The super-oscillatory behavior is demonstrated by tight localization of the photon wavefunction after focusing with an appropriately designed slit mask to create an interference pattern with a sub-diffraction hotspot (~0.45 λ). Such quantum super-oscillation can be used for low-intensity far-field super-resolution imaging techniques even down to single-photon counting regime, which would be of interest to quantum physics and non-invasive and label-free biological studies.
Mapping surface charge density of lipid bilayers by quantitative surface conductivity microscopy
Authors: Klausen Lasse Hyldgaard , Fuhs Thomas , Dong Mingdong 
Published: August 2016

AbstractLocal surface charge density of lipid membranes influences membrane–protein interactions leading to distinct functions in all living cells, and it is a vital parameter in understanding membrane-binding mechanisms, liposome design and drug delivery. Despite the significance, no method has so far been capable of mapping surface charge densities under physiologically relevant conditions. Here, we use a scanning nanopipette setup (scanning ion-conductance microscope) combined with a novel algorithm to investigate the surface conductivity near supported lipid bilayers, and we present a new approach, quantitative surface conductivity microscopy (QSCM), capable of mapping surface charge density with high-quantitative precision and nanoscale resolution. The method is validated through an extensive theoretical analysis of the ionic current at the nanopipette tip, and we demonstrate the capacity of QSCM by mapping the surface charge density of model cationic, anionic and zwitterionic lipids with results accurately matching theoretical values.
Coherence and multimode correlations from vacuum fluctuations in a microwave superconducting cavity
Authors: Lähteenmäki Pasi , Paraoanu Gheorghe Sorin , Hassel Juha , Hakonen Pertti J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe existence of vacuum fluctuations is one of the most important predictions of modern quantum field theory. In the vacuum state, fluctuations occurring at different frequencies are uncorrelated. However, if a parameter in the Lagrangian of the field is modulated by an external pump, vacuum fluctuations stimulate spontaneous downconversion processes, creating squeezing between modes symmetric with respect to half of the frequency of the pump. Here we show that by double parametric pumping of a superconducting microwave cavity, it is possible to generate another type of correlation, namely coherence between photons in separate frequency modes. The coherence correlations are tunable by the phases of the pumps and are established by a quantum fluctuation that stimulates the simultaneous creation of two photon pairs. Our analysis indicates that the origin of this vacuum-induced coherence is the absence of which-way information in the frequency space.
Cullin3-KLHL15 ubiquitin ligase mediates CtIP protein turnover to fine-tune DNA-end resection
Authors: Ferretti Lorenza P. , Himmels Sarah-Felicitas , Trenner Anika , Walker Christina , von Aesch Christine , Eggenschwiler Aline , Murina Olga , Enchev Radoslav I. , Peter Matthias , Freire Raimundo , Porro Antonio , Sartori Alessandro A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHuman CtIP is a decisive factor in DNA double-strand break repair pathway choice by enabling DNA-end resection, the first step that differentiates homologous recombination (HR) from non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). To coordinate appropriate and timely execution of DNA-end resection, CtIP function is tightly controlled by multiple protein–protein interactions and post-translational modifications. Here, we identify the Cullin3 E3 ligase substrate adaptor Kelch-like protein 15 (KLHL15) as a new interaction partner of CtIP and show that KLHL15 promotes CtIP protein turnover via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. A tripeptide motif (FRY) conserved across vertebrate CtIP proteins is essential for KLHL15-binding; its mutation blocks KLHL15-dependent CtIP ubiquitination and degradation. Consequently, DNA-end resection is strongly attenuated in cells overexpressing KLHL15 but amplified in cells either expressing a CtIP-FRY mutant or lacking KLHL15, thus impacting the balance between HR and NHEJ. Collectively, our findings underline the key importance and high complexity of CtIP modulation for genome integrity.
Ecological constraints increase the climatic debt in forests
Authors: Bertrand Romain , Riofrío-Dillon Gabriela , Lenoir Jonathan , Drapier Jacques , de Ruffray Patrice , Gégout Jean-Claude , Loreau Michel 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBiodiversity changes are lagging behind current climate warming. The underlying determinants of this climatic debt are unknown and yet critical to understand the impacts of climate change on the present biota and improve forecasts of biodiversity changes. Here we assess determinants of climatic debt accumulated in French forest herbaceous plant communities between 1987 and 2008 (that is, a 1.05 °C mean difference between the observed and bioindicated temperatures). We show that warmer baseline conditions predispose plant communities to larger climatic debts, and that climate warming exacerbates this response. Forest plant communities, however, are absorbing part of the temperature increase mainly through the species’ ability to tolerate changing climate. As climate warming is expected to accelerate during the twenty-first century, plant migration and tolerance to climatic stresses probably will be insufficient to absorb this impact posing threats to the sustainability of forest plant communities.
VCP recruitment to mitochondria causes mitophagy impairment and neurodegeneration in models of Huntington’s disease
Authors: Guo Xing , Sun XiaoYan , Hu Di , Wang Ya-Juan , Fujioka Hisashi , Vyas Rajan , Chakrapani Sudha , Joshi Amit Umesh , Luo Yu , Mochly-Rosen Daria , Qi Xin 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMutant Huntingtin (mtHtt) causes neurodegeneration in Huntington’s disease (HD) by evoking defects in the mitochondria, but the underlying mechanisms remains elusive. Our proteomic analysis identifies valosin-containing protein (VCP) as an mtHtt-binding protein on the mitochondria. Here we show that VCP is selectively translocated to the mitochondria, where it is bound to mtHtt in various HD models. Mitochondria-accumulated VCP elicits excessive mitophagy, causing neuronal cell death. Blocking mtHtt/VCP mitochondrial interaction with a peptide, HV-3, abolishes VCP translocation to the mitochondria, corrects excessive mitophagy and reduces cell death in HD mouse- and patient-derived cells and HD transgenic mouse brains. Treatment with HV-3 reduces behavioural and neuropathological phenotypes of HD in both fragment- and full-length mtHtt transgenic mice. Our findings demonstrate a causal role of mtHtt-induced VCP mitochondrial accumulation in HD pathogenesis and suggest that the peptide HV-3 might be a useful tool for developing new therapeutics to treat HD.
Structural basis for oxygen degradation domain selectivity of the HIF prolyl hydroxylases
Authors: Chowdhury Rasheduzzaman , Leung Ivanhoe K. H. , Tian Ya-Min , Abboud Martine I. , Ge Wei , Domene Carmen , Cantrelle François-Xavier , Landrieu Isabelle , Hardy Adam P. , Pugh Christopher W. , Ratcliffe Peter J. , Claridge Timothy D. W. , Schofield Christopher J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe response to hypoxia in animals involves the expression of multiple genes regulated by the αβ-hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs). The hypoxia-sensing mechanism involves oxygen limited hydroxylation of prolyl residues in the N- and C-terminal oxygen-dependent degradation domains (NODD and CODD) of HIFα isoforms, as catalysed by prolyl hydroxylases (PHD 1–3). Prolyl hydroxylation promotes binding of HIFα to the von Hippel–Lindau protein (VHL)–elongin B/C complex, thus signalling for proteosomal degradation of HIFα. We reveal that certain PHD2 variants linked to familial erythrocytosis and cancer are highly selective for CODD or NODD. Crystalline and solution state studies coupled to kinetic and cellular analyses reveal how wild-type and variant PHDs achieve ODD selectivity via different dynamic interactions involving loop and C-terminal regions. The results inform on how HIF target gene selectivity is achieved and will be of use in developing selective PHD inhibitors.
Lithium-ion battery electrolyte mobility at nano-confined graphene interfaces
Authors: Moeremans Boaz , Cheng Hsiu-Wei , Hu Qingyun , Garces Hector F. , Padture Nitin P. , Renner Frank Uwe , Valtiner Markus 
Published: August 2016

AbstractInterfaces are essential in electrochemical processes, providing a critical nanoscopic design feature for composite electrodes used in Li-ion batteries. Understanding the structure, wetting and mobility at nano-confined interfaces is important for improving the efficiency and lifetime of electrochemical devices. Here we use a Surface Forces Apparatus to quantify the initial wetting of nanometre-confined graphene, gold and mica surfaces by Li-ion battery electrolytes. Our results indicate preferential wetting of confined graphene in comparison with gold or mica surfaces because of specific interactions of the electrolyte with the graphene surface. In addition, wetting of a confined pore proceeds via a profoundly different mechanism compared with wetting of a macroscopic surface. We further reveal the existence of molecularly layered structures of the confined electrolyte. Nanoscopic confinement of less than 4–5 nm and the presence of water decrease the mobility of the electrolyte. These results suggest a lower limit for the pore diameter in nanostructured electrodes.
Shift current bulk photovoltaic effect in polar materials—hybrid and oxide perovskites and beyond
Authors: Tan Liang Z , Zheng Fan , Young Steve M , Wang Fenggong , Liu Shi , Rappe Andrew M 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) refers to the generation of a steady photocurrent and above-bandgap photovoltage in a single-phase homogeneous material lacking inversion symmetry. The mechanism of BPVE is decidedly different from the typical p–n junction-based photovoltaic mechanism in heterogeneous materials. Recently, there has been renewed interest in ferroelectric materials for solar energy conversion, inspired by the discovery of above-bandgap photovoltages in ferroelectrics, the invention of low bandgap ferroelectric materials and the rapidly improving power conversion efficiency of metal halide perovskites. However, as long as the nature of the BPVE and its dependence on composition and structure remain poorly understood, materials engineering and the realisation of its true potential will be hampered. In this review article, we survey the history, development and recent progress in understanding the mechanisms of BPVE, with a focus on the shift current mechanism, an intrinsic BPVE that is universal to all materials lacking inversion symmetry. In addition to explaining the theory of shift current, materials design opportunities and challenges will be discussed for future applications of the BPVE.
Dramatic mass loss in extreme high-elevation areas of a western Himalayan glacier: observations and modeling
Authors: Zhao Huabiao , Yang Wei , Yao Tandong , Tian Lide , Xu Baiqing 
Published: August 2016

AbstractRapid climate change at high elevations has accelerated glacier retreat in the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau. However, due to the lack of long-term glaciological measurements, there are still uncertainties regarding when the mass loss began and what the magnitude of mass loss is at such high elevations. Based on in situ glaciological observations during the past 9 years and a temperature-index mass balance model, this study investigates recent mass loss of the Naimona’nyi Glacier in the western Himalayas and reconstructs a 41-year (1973/74–2013/14) equilibrium line altitude (ELA) and glacier-wide mass loss. The result indicates that even at 6000 m above sea level (a.s.l.), the annual mass loss reaches ~0.73 m water equivalent (w.e.) during the past 9 years. Concordant with the abrupt climate shift in the end of 1980s, the ELA has dramatically risen from ~5969 ± 73 m a.s.l. during 1973/74–1988/89 to ~6193 ± 75 m a.s.l. during 1989/90–2013/14, suggesting that future ice cores containing uninterrupted climate records could only be recovered at least above 6200 m a.s.l. in the Naimona’nyi region. The glacier-wide mass balance over the past 41 years is averaged to be approximately −0.40 ± 0.17 m w.e., exhibiting a significant increase in the decadal average from −0.01 ± 0.15 to −0.69 ± 0.21 m w.e.
Scaling crossover in thin-film drag dynamics of fluid drops in the Hele-Shaw cell
Authors: Yahashi Misato , Kimoto Natsuki , Okumura Ko 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe study both experimentally and theoretically the descending motion due to gravity of a fluid drop surrounded by another immiscible fluid in a confined space between two parallel plates, i.e., in the Hele-Shaw cell. As a result, we show a new scaling regime of a nonlinear drag friction in viscous liquid that replaces the well-known Stokes’ drag friction through a clear collapse of experimental data thanks to the scaling law. In the novel regime, the dissipation in the liquid thin film formed between the drop and cell walls governs the dynamics. The crossover of this scaling regime to another scaling regime in which the dissipation inside the droplet is dominant is clearly demonstrated and a phase diagram separating these scaling regimes is presented.
Turbulent jet flow generated downstream of a low temperature dielectric barrier atmospheric pressure plasma device
Authors: Whalley Richard D. , Walsh James L. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFlowing low temperature atmospheric pressure plasma devices have been used in many technological applications ranging from energy efficient combustion through to wound healing and cancer therapy. The generation of the plasma causes a sudden onset of turbulence in the inhomogeneous axisymmetric jet flow downstream of the plasma plume. The mean turbulent velocity fields are shown to be self-similar and independent of the applied voltage used to generate the plasma. It is proposed that the production of turbulence is related to a combination of the small-amplitude plasma induced body forces and gas heating causing perturbations in the unstable shear layers at the jet exit which grow as they move downstream, creating turbulence.
Patterned FeNi soft magnetic strips film with tunable resonance frequency from 1 to 10.6 GHz
Authors: Ren Yong , Li Xinxi , Wang Yan , Ren Jiankun , Zhang Yan , Dai Bo , Yan Haiyang , Sun Guangai , Peng Shuming 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSoft magnetic films with a wide-range tunable ferromagnetic resonance frequency are suitable for miniaturization and multifunctionalization of microwave integrated circuits. Fabrication of these films for high-frequency applications is usually complicated and difficult. We demonstrate a simple method to fabricate patterned FeNi soft magnetic strip films by magnetron sputtering and photolithography. Films prepared by this method exhibits a tunable in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy (IPUMA) for different strip widths and gaps. As the strip widths changing from 500 to 2 μm, the IPUMA field increases monotonically from 2.2 to 576 Oe and resonance frequency from 1 to 10.6 GHz(which covers four microwave bands, including the L,S,C and X bands) respectively. This ultra-wide-range adjustability of resonance frequency can be attributed to shape anisotropy of strips. Considering that FeNi alloy has relatively low magnetocrystalline anisotropy, so a wider adjustable range of resonance frequency could be obtained using materials with stronger magnetocrystalline anisotropy.