bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Migrants' capacity as actors of development: do skills matter for economic and social remittances?
Authors: STURGE GEORGINA , BILGILI ÖZGE , SIEGEL MELISSA 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHighly skilled migrants are presumably in a better position than less skilled ones to contribute to development in their countries of origin, largely by way of economic and social remittances. In this article, we use unique data on first‐generation migrants in the Netherlands to test how economic and social remittances differ by skill level. We find that the highly skilled are more likely to remit, to remit larger amounts and to give advice on education, jobs and health matters. Thus, we identify the highly skilled as having a greater capacity to affect development than have migrants of other skill levels. However, nuances exist with respect to this overall result. We illustrate that the low and medium skilled also show some capacity to affect economic development and that a medium skill level is sufficient to be in a position to transfer significantly more knowledge and skills.
Outcome of liver transplantation in patients with hereditary bleeding disorders: a single centre UK experience
Authors: Murthy V. , Murray D. , Hebballi S. , Bramhall S. , Lester W. , Mutimer D. , Wilde J. 
Published: March 2016

IntroductionPatients with hereditary bleeding disorders who have developed end‐stage liver disease as a consequence of hepatitis C infection (HCV) acquired from factor concentrates prior to the introduction of viral inactivation continue to be referred for liver transplantation.MethodsA retrospective review of case notes and electronic records was performed on all patients with bleeding disorders who have undergone liver transplantation at the University Hospital Birmingham (UHB).ResultsBetween 1990 and 2014, 35 liver transplants have been performed in 33 patients with hereditary bleeding disorders. The indication for transplantation was mainly end‐stage liver disease secondary to HCV. Five patients had human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co‐infection. No excess mortality due to bleeding occurred in the peri or postoperative period. Median overall survival post transplant is 9.7 years. Overall survival rates at 1, 3 and 5 years are 90%, 72% and 64% respectively. The predominant cause of mortality was liver failure secondary to either recurrent HCV or recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The median overall survival in patients with HIV co‐infection is shorter than in those with mono‐infection but this is not statistically significant. Patients with a pre‐existing HCC had a statistically significant shorter survival (2.4 years vs. 13.6 years, P = 0.007).ConclusionLiver transplantation has become an accepted treatment option for patients with hereditary bleeding disorders and HCV associated end‐stage liver disease with survival rates similar to non‐bleeding disorder patients.
Hypertension and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease proven by transient elastography
Authors: Wang Yaohui , Zeng Yuhua , Lin Changwei , Chen Zhiheng 
Published: March 2016

AimThe relationship between non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hypertension is poorly understood. In the present study, we aimed to assess the relationship between essential hypertension and NAFLD, by using a new diagnostic tool, transient elastography (TE).MethodsWe enrolled 836 subjects in this study. All subjects underwent a comprehensive questionnaire survey and blood test. Each patient had undergone TE to detect the controlled attenuation parameter, which was used to and quantify liver steatosis with the help of TE.ResultsParticipants with hypertension showed a higher prevalence of NAFLD defined by TE (P < 0.05). After adjusting for body mass index (BMI), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, the odds ratio for NAFLD, comparing the grade 3 group (systolic blood pressure level ≥ 180 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure level ≥ 110 mmHg) with the normal group, was 1.476 (95% confidence interval, 1.166–2.551). A stepwise multivariate linear regression analysis (R2 = 0.084, P = 0.043) retained NAFLD, BMI, and AST as significant predictors of the systolic blood pressure levels. Additionally, stepwise multivariate linear regression analysis (R2 = 0.199, P = 0.037) retained NAFLD, controlled attenuation parameter, BMI, triglycerides, and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol as significant predictors of diastolic blood pressure levels. In addition, BMI, AST, and alanine aminotransferase were associated with systolic blood pressure levels among individuals with NAFLD; BMI, AST, and total cholesterol were associated with diastolic blood pressure levels among individuals with NAFLD.ConclusionThe main finding of our study is that hypertensive patients have a higher prevalence of NAFLD defined by TE, and NAFLD is independently associated with hypertension and blood pressure category.
The provision of oral hygiene instructions and patient motivation in a dental care system without dental hygienists
Authors: Thevissen E , De Bruyn H , Koole S 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIntroductionOral hygiene instructions (OHI) and patient motivation (PM), often provided by dental hygienists, are essential attributes to establishing good oral health in patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the provision of OHI and PM by dental professionals in a dental care system without dental hygienists.Methods and materialsA questionnaire, including 22 items (demographics, OHI and PM), was presented to 1037 dental professionals (=21.6% Flemish population). Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the provision of OHI and PM. Additionally, the Fisher–Freeman–Halton exact test was used to investigate the influence of qualification (general practitioner/specialist), work experience (< or ≥ 25 years), workload (< or ≥ 30 h), location of practice (rural/urban) and chair‐side assistance (with/without).ResultsResponse rate was 75%. Participants reported a single strategy for preventive care and felt their efforts were not in harmony with the results. Lack of time, remuneration and patient interest were reported as complicating factors and participants agreed on allowing assistants to provide preventive care. Significant variance was found based on qualification (12/17 items), work experience (7/17 items), workload (1/17 items), location of practice (2/17 items) and chair‐side assistance (15/17 items).ConclusionIn a context without dental hygienists, OHI and PM appeared non‐compliant with current international guidelines. Although dental professionals were concerned with preventive dentistry, they reported barriers including lack of time, remuneration and patient compliance. Almost all participants expressed the need for delegation of in‐mouth OHI, suggesting a need for dental hygienists.
Plasmodium yoelii infection of BALB/c mice results in expansion rather than induction of CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells
Authors: Abel Simone , Ueffing Kristina , Tatura Roman , Hutzler Marina , Hose Matthias , Matuschewski Kai , Kehrmann Jan , Westendorf Astrid M. , Buer Jan , Hansen Wiebke 
Published: March 2016

SummaryRecently, we demonstrated elevated numbers of CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells in Plasmodium yoelii‐infected mice contributing to the regulation of anti‐malarial immune response. However, it remains unclear whether this increase in Treg cells is due to thymus‐derived Treg cell expansion or induction of Treg cells in the periphery. Here, we show that the frequency of Foxp3+ Treg cells expressing neuropilin‐1 (Nrp‐1) decreased at early time‐points during P. yoelii infection, whereas percentages of Helios+ Foxp3+ Treg cells remained unchanged. Both Foxp3+ Nrp‐1+ and Foxp3+ Nrp‐1− Treg cells from P. yoelii‐infected mice exhibited a similar T‐cell receptor Vβ chain usage and methylation pattern in the Treg‐specific demethylation region within the foxp3 locus. Strikingly, we did not observe induction of Foxp3 expression in Foxp3− T cells adoptively transferred to P. yoelii‐infected mice. Hence, our results suggest that P. yoelii infection triggered expansion of naturally occurring Treg cells rather than de novo induction of Foxp3+ Treg cells.
SHARPIN controls the development of regulatory T cells
Authors: Redecke Vanessa , Chaturvedi Vandana , Kuriakose Jeeba , Häcker Hans 
Published: March 2016

SummarySHARPIN is an essential component of the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) complex that controls signalling pathways of various receptors, including the tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR), Toll‐like receptor (TLR) and antigen receptor, in part by synthesis of linear, non‐degrading ubiquitin chains. Consistent with SHARPIN's function in different receptor pathways, the phenotype of SHARPIN‐deficient mice is complex, including the development of inflammatory systemic and skin diseases, the latter of which depend on TNFR signal transduction. Given the established function of SHARPIN in primary and malignant B cells, we hypothesized that SHARPIN might also regulate T‐cell receptor (TCR) signalling and thereby control T‐cell biology. Here, we focus primarily on the role of SHARPIN in T cells, specifically regulatory T (Treg) cells. We found that SHARPIN‐deficient (Sharpincpdm/cpdm) mice have significantly reduced numbers of FOXP3+ Treg cells in lymphoid organs and the peripheral blood. Competitive reconstitution of irradiated mice with mixed bone marrow from wild‐type and SHARPIN‐deficient mice revealed an overall reduced thymus population with SHARPIN‐deficient cells with almost complete loss of thymic Treg development. Consistent with this cell‐intrinsic function of SHARPIN in Treg development, TCR stimulation of SHARPIN‐deficient thymocytes revealed reduced activation of nuclear factor‐κB and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase, establishing a function of SHARPIN in TCR signalling, which may explain the defective Treg development. In turn, in vitro generation and suppressive activity of mature SHARPIN‐deficient Treg cells were comparable to wild‐type cells, suggesting that maturation, but not function, of SHARPIN‐deficient Treg cells is impaired. Taken together, these findings show that SHARPIN controls TCR signalling and is required for efficient generation of Treg cells in vivo, whereas the inhibitory function of mature Treg cells appears to be independent of SHARPIN.
Blinking Bird Brains: A Timing Specific Deficit in Auditory Learning in Quail Hatchlings
Authors: Harshaw Christopher , Lickliter Robert 
Published: March 2016

Contingency perception is critical during infancy, providing the basis for the continuous learning (and re‐learning) of the relation between the developing body, self‐produced actions, and the environment. Nevertheless, relatively few studies have systematically examined the spatiotemporal parameters that optimize learning during development. Here, we present a series of experiments exploring a novel timing‐specific deficit in auditory learning in an animal model, the bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus). In this paradigm, chicks vocalize to hear playback of an unfamiliar maternal call and are later tested for their filial preference for that call over a novel maternal call. Rather than a simple, hyperbolic decline in learning with increased delay between chick vocalization and playback, we found a window—450–900 msec after chicks ceased vocalizing—in which chicks appeared to have difficulty learning and forming a preference for the maternal call. This deficit nonetheless occurred only when the spatial location of call playback switched semi‐randomly during training, suggesting an attentional explanation for this deficit. Our findings indicate that optimization of the temporal parameters in operant paradigms with infants can be complex, particularly if tasks requiring the switching of attention between spatial locations. Our findings may thus be instructive for other developmental research with infants employing operant components.
Crisis averted: How consumers experienced a police and clinical early response (PACER) unit responding to a mental health crisis
Authors: Evangelista Eloisa , Lee Stuart , Gallagher Angela , Peterson Violeta , James Jo , Warren Narelle , Henderson Kathryn , Keppich‐Arnold Sandra , Cornelius Luke , Deveny Elizabeth 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWhen mental health crisis situations in the community are poorly handled, it can result in physical and emotional injuries. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the experiences and opinions of consumers about the way police and mental health services worked together, specifically via the Alfred Police and Clinical Early Response (A‐PACER) model, to assist people experiencing a mental health crisis. Semi‐structured in‐depth interviews were conducted with 12 mental health consumers who had direct contact with the A‐PACER team between June 2013 and March 2015. The study highlighted that people who encountered the A‐PACER team generally valued and saw the benefit of a joint police‐mental health clinician team response to a mental health crisis situation in the community. In understanding what worked well in how the A‐PACER team operated, consumers perspectives can be summarized into five themes: communication and de‐escalation, persistence of the A‐PACER team, providing a quick response and working well under pressure, handover of information, and A‐PACER helped consumers achieve a preferred outcome. All consumers acknowledged the complementary roles of the police officer and mental health clinician, and described the A‐PACER team's supportive approach as critical in gaining their trust, engagement and in de‐escalating the crises. Further education and training for police officers on how to respond to people with a mental illness, increased provision of follow‐up support to promote rehabilitation and prevent future crises, and measures to reduce public scrutiny for the consumer when police responded, were proposed opportunities for improvement.
Dysfunctional attitude mediates the relationship between psychopathology and Internet addiction among Korean college students: A cross‐sectional observational study
Authors: Noh Dabok , Kim Sunah 
Published: March 2016

AbstractInternet addiction is of growing concern and college students are particularly vulnerable. This study examines the mediating effect of dysfunctional attitude on the association between psychopathology (depression and social anxiety) and Internet addiction among Korean college students. A sample of 159 college students from one university was obtained via an online survey. Participants completed a depression scale, social avoidance and distress scale, dysfunctional attitude scale, and Internet addiction test. Overall, 25.8% of students were classified as problematic Internet users. Use of the Internet for gaming and general Internet use time were significantly associated with Internet addiction, and specific uses of the Internet differed by gender. In multiple regression and mediation analyses with bootstrapping, dysfunctional attitude completely mediated the association between depression and Internet addiction, and partially mediated the association between social anxiety and Internet addiction. The assessment for those at risk of Internet addiction should include evaluation of depression, social anxiety, and dysfunctional attitude. The mediation role of dysfunctional attitude indicated the need for nurses to attend not only to psychopathology but also to cognition regarding problematic Internet use, particularly for college students.
Preterm birth is associated with atypical social orienting in infancy detected using eye tracking
Authors: Telford Emma J. , Fletcher‐Watson Sue , Gillespie‐Smith Karri , Pataky Rozalia , Sparrow Sarah , Murray Ian C. , O'Hare Anne , Boardman James P. 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundPreterm birth is closely associated with neurocognitive impairment in childhood including increased risk for social difficulties. Eye tracking objectively assesses eye‐gaze behaviour in response to visual stimuli, which permits inference about underlying cognitive processes. We tested the hypothesis that social orienting in infancy is altered by preterm birth.MethodsFifty preterm infants with mean (range) gestational age (GA) at birth of 29+1 (23+2–33+0) weeks and 50 term infants with mean (range) GA at birth 40+2 (37+0–42+3) weeks underwent eye tracking at median age of 7 months. Infants were presented with three categories of social stimuli of increasing complexity. Time to first fixate (TFF) and looking time (LT) on areas of interest (AoIs) were recorded using remote eye tracking.ResultsPreterm infants consistently fixated for a shorter time on social content than term infants across all three tasks: face‐scanning (fixation to eyes minus mouth 0.61s vs. 1.47s, p = .013); face pop‐out task (fixation to face 0.8s vs. 1.34s, p = .023); and social preferential looking (1.16s vs. 1.5s p = .02). Time given to AoIs containing social content as a proportion of LT at the whole stimulus was lower in preterm infants across all three tasks. These results were not explained by differences in overall looking time between the groups.ConclusionsEye tracking provides early evidence of atypical cognition after preterm birth, and may be a useful tool for stratifying infants at risk of impairment for early interventions designed to improve outcome.
Trauma‐Informed Approaches to Juvenile Justice: A Critical Race Perspective
Authors: Crosby Shantel D. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractYouth of color experience disproportionate juvenile justice contact and recidivism. Trauma‐informed approaches may provide important support to these youth and improve their future outcomes. This paper describes dynamics of the various levels of the juvenile justice system (i.e., police contact, courts, correctional placement, aftercare) that perpetuate psychological trauma among adjudicated youth of color. This paper explores trauma‐informed approaches from a critical race theory perspective to address issues of systemic racial injustice in the juvenile justice system. Current and emerging models for trauma‐informed juvenile justice and implications for practice, policy, and research are discussed.
Specific pathogen free macaque colonies: a review of principles and recent advances for viral testing and colony management
Authors: Yee JoAnn L. , Vanderford Thomas H. , Didier Elizabeth S. , Gray Stanton , Lewis Anne , Roberts Jeffrey , Taylor Kerry , Bohm Rudolf P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSpecific pathogen free (SPF) macaques provide valuable animal models for biomedical research. In 1989, the National Center for Research Resources [now Office of Research Infrastructure Programs (ORIP)] of the National Institutes of Health initiated experimental research contracts to establish and maintain SPF colonies. The derivation and maintenance of SPF macaque colonies is a complex undertaking requiring knowledge of the biology of the agents for exclusion and normal physiology and behavior of macaques, application of the latest diagnostic technology, facilitiy management, and animal husbandry. This review provides information on the biology of the four viral agents targeted for exclusion in ORIP SPF macaque colonies, describes current state‐of‐the‐art viral diagnostic algorithms, presents data from proficiency testing of diagnostic assays between laboratories at institutions participating in the ORIP SPF program, and outlines management strategies for maintaining the integrity of SPF colonies using results of diagnostic testing as a guide to decision making.
An In Vitro Study of Factors Influencing the Performance of Digital Intraoral Impressions Operating on Active Wavefront Sampling Technology with Multiple Implants in the Edentulous Maxilla
Authors: Gimenez‐Gonzalez Beatriz , Hassan Bassam , Özcan Mutlu , Pradíes Guillermo 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the performance (accuracy and repeatability) and the factors affecting the clinical performance of a recently released intraoral scanner based on active wavefront sampling technology.Materials and MethodsA single resin model of an edentulous maxilla fitted with six implants inserted at various depths and angulations was measured with a coordinated measuring machine (CMM) at 3 to 5 μm, and this acted as the “true,” or reference, values of the study. Six corresponding cylindrical PEEK scanbodies were then mounted onto the implants, and four calibrated observers independently repeated the digital intraoral scan five times with a True Definition (TrueDef) scanner. Using implant position #15 as a reference, five linear and angular measurements were compared with the reference values (CMM), and the data were analyzed via one‐way ANOVA and two‐sample t‐test.ResultsMean linear and angular deviations for the TrueDef from CMM measurements were from 5.38 ± 12.61 μm to –26.97 ± 50.56 μm and from 0.16º ± 0.04º to –0.43º ± 0.1º, respectively. Experienced observers performed significantly better than inexperienced ones (p = 0.006), and scan distance (quadrant) significantly affected scanning accuracy (p = 0.003). Visible length of the scanbody affected measurement accuracy (p = 0.0001), while implant angulation did not (p = 0.757).ConclusionsThe TrueDef scanner provides measurements within clinically accepted limits. Yet scanbody visibility, observer experience, and scan length remain relevant factors affecting accuracy.
Association of School‐Based Influenza Vaccination Clinics and School Absenteeism—Arkansas, 2012‐2013
Authors: Gicquelais Rachel E. , Safi Haytham , Butler Sandra , Smith Nathaniel , Haselow Dirk T. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDInfluenza is a major cause of seasonal viral respiratory illness among school‐aged children. Accordingly, the Arkansas Department of Health (ADH) coordinates >800 school‐based influenza immunization clinics before each influenza season. We quantified the relationship between student influenza vaccination in Arkansas public schools and school absenteeism during the 2012‐2013 influenza season.METHODSThe relationship between the percent of students vaccinated in Arkansas public schools during ADH‐facilitated clinics and the average daily percent of students absent from school during the 2012‐2013 influenza season was quantified using linear regression modeling. The effect of increasing vaccination coverage among students on absentee days in the Arkansas public school system was estimated.RESULTSFor every 1% higher vaccination coverage, 0.027% fewer absenteeism days were predicted. Larger school size was associated with higher absenteeism and predicted decreases in absenteeism were larger in magnitude for larger schools compared with smaller schools. Extrapolation of the model showed that a 10% higher vaccination level was associated with a reduction of 16‐163 student absentee days per school over a 12‐week influenza season.CONCLUSIONSInfluenza vaccination is an effective tool to reduce school absenteeism. School‐based clinics are a feasible way to target influenza vaccinations to school‐aged children.