bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of lower limb robotic rehabilitation on peak of oxygen uptake among patients with stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Yu , Liu Jian , Md Moneruzzaman , Zhao Jun , Wu Shicai 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of lower limb robotic rehabilitation (LLRR) on cardiovascular health among individuals with stroke undergoing rehabilitation.DesignSystematic reviews and meta-analysis.Data sourcesPubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wangfang and VIP databases were searched from inception to 9 October 2023.Eligibility criteriaRandomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving LLRR among individuals with stroke were included. We considered the potential impact of LLRR on the resting heart rate (HRrest), peak of oxygen uptake (VO2peak), peak of systolic blood pressure (SBPpeak) and peak of diastolic blood pressure (DBPpeak). Only studies published in Chinese or English were included.Data extraction and synthesisTwo reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. Results were reported as ‌Hedges’ g with 95% CIs. Meta-analyses were performed using a random effects model in STATA v17.0. The study was reported in compliance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement.ResultsFive RCTs with 179 patients were included in the meta-analysis. According to the Guideline Development Tool results, half of the evidence grades were moderate. The results of the meta-analysis showed that there were significant differences among robotic rehabilitation group than the control group in VO2peak (standard mean difference (SMD): 0.71, 95% CI: (0.28, 1.13), p<0.001, I2=45.61%), but insignificant difference found in HRrest (SMD: 0.30, 95% CI: (−0.12, 0.73), p=0.16, I2=34.25%), SBPpeak (SMD: 0.04, 95% CI: (−0.44, 0.52), p=0.86, I2=28.75%) and DBPpeak (SMD: 0.46, 95% CI: (−3.82, 4.73), p=0.83, I2=0.00%). No significant heterogeneity was found among articles. The risk of bias assessment revealed that two studies showed low bias in most domains.ConclusionIndividuals undergoing stroke rehabilitation may benefit from LLRR with improved VO2peak but insignificantly impacted HRrest, SBPpeak and DBPpeak.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022382259.
Associations between body height and cardiovascular risk factors in women and men: a population-based longitudinal study based on The Tromsø Study 1979–2016
Authors: Arntsen Sondre Haakonson , Wilsgaard Tom , Borch Kristin Benjaminsen , Njolstad Inger , Hansen Anne Helen 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesInvestigate associations between body height and cardiovascular disease risk factors at several time points in women and men across educational levels in Norway.DesignPopulation-based longitudinal study.SettingThe Tromsø Study, a population-based study with six surveys conducted between 1979 and 2016 in the municipality of Tromsø, Norway.Primary and Secondary Outcome MeasuresBody height, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides and self-reported educational level.Participants23 512 women and men (49.6% women), aged 30–49 years at first participation in The Tromsø Study. Participants who attended more than one survey contributed with repeated measurements for blood pressure and lipids.Blood pressure and lipid values were used as dependent variables in sex specific age-adjusted linear mixed models. Body height at first participation was the independent variable, while survey time point and educational level were used as covariates.ResultsOverall effect models showed inverse associations between body height and systolic blood pressure (reg. coefficients: −0.88 (95% CI –1.1, −0.6)), diastolic blood pressure (−0.41 (95% CI –0.6, –0.3)), serum total cholesterol (−0.12 (95% CI –0.1, –0.1)) and triglycerides (−0.06 (95% CI –0.1, –0.0)) in women. Inverse associations between body height and lipid variables were also observed in men (serum total cholesterol: −0.12 (95% CI −0.1, –0.1) triglycerides −0.05 (95% CI –0.1, –0.0)). Regression coefficients for associations between body height and cardiovascular risk factors varied across surveys. Overall, there were no associations between body height and cardiovascular risk factors based on educational level and survey.ConclusionThe overall effect models support previous findings of inverse associations between body height and cardiovascular risk factors in women, and inverse associations between body height and lipids in men. Our study showed varied degrees of associations between body height and cardiovascular risk factors at different time points in Norway.
Longitudinal changes in self-reported medication adherence and beliefs about post-stroke medicines in Sweden: a repeated cross-sectional study
Authors: Sjölander Maria , Gustafsson Maria , Holmberg Henrik , Glader E-L 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesTo explore changes in beliefs about medicines and self-reported medication non-adherence between 3 and 24 months after stroke and to investigate associations between beliefs about medicines and non-adherence at 24 months after stroke.DesignLongitudinal questionnaire survey.SettingPatients treated for acute stroke in 25 Swedish hospitals.ParticipantsOnly patients living at home were included. Of the 594 individuals who answered the 3 month questionnaire, 401 were included at 24 months; among the remainder, 34 (5.7%) had died, 149 (25,1%) did not respond or had incomplete information on adherence and 10 (1.7%) were not living at home.MeasuresThe primary outcome was self-reported medication adherence as measured with the Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS). The Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaires (BMQ) was used to assess personal beliefs about medicines. Background and clinical data were included from the Swedish national stroke register.ResultsAccording to dichotomised MARS sum scores, more individuals were classified as non-adherent at 24 months after stroke (n=63, 15.7%) than at 3 months after stroke (n=45, 11.2%) (p=0.030). For BMQ, the only difference over time was an increase in theNecessitysubscale (p=0.007). At 24 months, in comparison to adherent patients, non-adherent patients scored statistically significant higher on negative beliefs about medicines, such asConcern(OR 1.17, 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.25),Overuse(OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.21 to 1.54) andHarm(OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.39), and lower on positive beliefs about medicines, namely,Necessity(OR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.80 to 0.96) andBenefit(OR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.74 to 0.98).ConclusionsStroke patients‘ beliefs about medicines were associated with adherence, and over time beliefs remained stable across all domains, except for an increased perception of medications as being necessary. Despite this, more patients became non-adherent over time. To counteract non-adherence, interventions targeted to improve intentional adherence as well as non-intentional adherence should be investigated and implemented.
Evaluating the importance of rural internships to subsequent medical workforce distribution outcomes: an Australian cohort study
Authors: McGrail Matthew R , Fox Jordan , Martin Priya 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveTo evaluate the importance of rural internships to observed medical workforce distribution outcomes up to 8 years post-medical school.Design and settingCohort study of medical graduates of The University of Queensland (UQ), Australia.ParticipantsUQ graduates who were medical interns in Queensland’s public health system between 2014 and 2021 and observed working in Australia in 2022. Internship location was defined as being metropolitan or rural, along with other key rural exposures of whether they are of rural origin (childhood) and whether at least 1 year of clinical training at medical school was in a rural location.Primary outcome measureCurrent work location was collected from the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA) in 2022, classified as either rural or metropolitan and measured in association with their internship location.ResultsFrom 1930 eligible graduates, 21.5% took up a rural internship, which was associated with rural origin (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.0) and medical school rural immersions of either 1 year (OR 2.8, 95% CI 2.1 to 3.7) or 2 years (OR 5.8, 95% CI 4.4 to 7.7). Completing a rural internship was associated with currently working rural (47% vs 14%, OR 4.6, 95% CI 3.5 to 5.9), which weakened the observed (adjusted) effect of rural origin (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.0) or medical school rural immersions (1 year: OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0 to 1.9; 2 years: OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.3). All combinations of the key rural exposures that included rural internship had the highest proportions currently working rurally (range 32–69%) compared with the combinations with a metropolitan internship (range 12–22%).ConclusionsInternship location appears to be a critical factor in shaping medical workforce distribution decisions. This evidence supports the need for strengthened and expanded rural training pathways after medical school. In particular, clearer pathways into specialty programmes via rural internships are likely to support increased numbers choosing (with confidence) to preference rural internship first and subsequently more working in rural areas long term.
Real-world safety profile of zanubrutinib: a disproportionality analysis based on the FAERS database
Authors: Wang Jiangfeng , Zheng Xiaochun , Lin Jingyang , Huang Jinlong , Zhang Miaomiao , Huang Ping , Yang Xiuli 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveZanubrutinib is a second-generation Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has been approved for the treatment of several B cell malignancies. The aim of this study was to evaluate adverse events (AEs) associated with zanubrutinib based on the real-world data.DesignA disproportionality analysis was performed to identify the potential zanubrutinib-related AEs.SettingThe Food and Drug Administration AE Reporting System database from the fourth quarter of 2019 to the third quarter of 2023.Main outcome measuresThe results of the disproportionality analyses were presented as reported ORs (RORs). When the lower limit of the 95% CI for the ROR is greater than 1 and the number of AE reports is≥3, it indicates that the preferred term (PT) may be a positive AE signal.ResultsA total of 846 AE reports with zanubrutinib as the primary suspect drug were obtained, with 2826 AEs. A total of 74 positive PT signals were detected across 18 system organ classes (SOCs). The most significant signal for SOC was ‘blood and lymphatic system disorders’ (ROR=2.8, 95% CI 2.3 to 3.3), while the most significant signal for PT was ‘haemorrhage subcutaneous’ (ROR=190.8, 95% CI 128.0 to 284.5). 13 unexpected off-label AEs were also observed, such as abnormal hair texture, skin discolouration, hypernatraemia, pericardial effusion and hypersomnia. The median time to onset of AEs associated with zanubrutinib was 51 days (IQR 13–192 days) and was consistent with the early failure model. In comparison with zanubrutinib monotherapy, the combination of zanubrutinib and rituximab therapy was linked to a higher risk of specific AEs, including myelosuppression, pneumonia, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, abdominal pain, anaemia, pancytopenia and respiratory failure. Furthermore, the combination of zanubrutinib and chemotherapy increased the risk of several severe AEs, such as cardiac arrest, elevated blood lactate dehydrogenase levels and pancytopenia.ConclusionsThe results of the analysis provided valuable insights into the safety profile of zanubrutinib-treated patients, which was helpful for clinical monitoring and identifying potential AEs related to zanubrutinib.
Barriers and facilitators to the use of clinical practice guidelines in osteoarthritis care: a qualitative study among German physiotherapists
Authors: Bahns Carolin , Happe Lisa , Kopkow Christian 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to explore barriers and facilitators to the use of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) in osteoarthritis (OA) care among German physiotherapists.DesignQualitative semistructured interviews were conducted with German physiotherapists. An interview topic guide based on the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) was developed to explore perceived barriers and facilitators to the use of CPGs in OA care. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. In a first step, the data were coded inductively using thematic analysis. Subsequently, the emerged themes were deductively reassigned to the relevant domains of the TDF and categorised as barriers and facilitators.SettingOutpatient physiotherapy practices in Germany.ParticipantsPhysiotherapists working in an outpatient setting in Germany and involved in the management of patients with hip and knee OA were eligible to participate.ResultsEleven physiotherapists (7 women, 4 men) were interviewed between February and September 2023. The mean age was 34.2 years (± 9.9, range 23–57). Most factors influencing guideline-recommended care were identified in the TDF domains ‘knowledge’, ‘beliefs about consequences’, ‘environmental context and resources’ and ‘social influences’. For example, physiotherapists perceived low awareness of existing CPGs, loss of individuality in treatment, time constraints and dissonant patient expectations as barriers to the use of CPGs. Discussion of guideline recommendations within the team and the expectation of improved patient outcomes and resource savings were reported as facilitators.ConclusionsMultiple factors were identified that were perceived to influence clinical practice in Germany. The results of this study can inform the development of theory-based interventions aimed at changing physiotherapists’ behaviour to support them in providing optimal OA care.Trial registrationGerman Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00030800). Registered 12 December 2022.
Wealth-related inequalities in the utilisation of modern contraceptives in Papua New Guinea: evidence from the 2016–2018 Demographic and Health Survey data
Authors: Dadzie Louis Kobina , Essuman Mainprice Akuoko , Budu Eugene , Ameyaw Edward Kwabena , Aboagye Richard Gyan , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveTo examine the wealth-related disparities in modern contraceptives use among women in Papua New Guinea.DesignWe performed a cross-sectional analysis of the 2016–2018 Papua New Guinea Demographic and Health Survey data. We included 11 618 women of reproductive age in our final analysis. Percentages were used to present the results on utilisation of modern contraceptives. A concentration curve was used to summarise the cumulative use of modern contraceptives by wealth index (ranked into groups: richest, richer, middle, poorer and poorest). We used a decomposition analysis to estimate the contributions of individual factors towards wealth-related inequality in modern contraceptives use. We estimated the slope index of inequality (SII) and the relative index of inequality (RII) in modern contraceptive utilisation to provide summary evidence of inequality.SettingPapua New Guinea.ParticipantsWomen aged 15–49 years.Outcome measureModern contraceptives utilisation.ResultsOverall, 27.5% of Papua New Guinea women used modern contraceptives. The concentration curve showed that the use of modern contraceptives was highly concentrated among women of the richest household wealth index as the concentration curve lies below the equality line. The SII (0.210, CI 0.182 to 0.239) indicates that the richest group uses more modern contraceptives. The RII depicts a relative difference of 2.044 between the richest and the poorest women in the use of modern contraceptives.ConclusionsOur study has shown that modern contraceptives use among women in Papua New Guinea is low. Women from the richest household wealth index group had the highest propensity to use modern contraceptives in comparison with those from poorer homes. The Ministry of Health and other organisations must design and carry out initiatives aimed at enhancing the availability of and use of modern contraceptives among women from less affluent backgrounds.
Akrivia Health Database—deep patient characterisation using a secondary mental healthcare dataset in England and Wales: cohort profile
Authors: Todorovic Ana , Craig Philip , Pillinger Simon , Kontari Panagiota , Gibbons Sophie , Bryden Luke , Franarin Tarso , Uysal Ceyda , Roque Gloria , Fell Benjamin 
Published: October 2024

PurposeThe Akrivia Health cohort was created to extract data from electronic health records in secondary mental health and dementia care services in England and Wales. The data are anonymised, structured and harmonised from the source electronic health records across a range of information technology systems, enabling for unified, privacy-preserving access for research purposes.ParticipantsThe cohort contains data from electronic health records for over 4.6 million patients in England and Wales, as of January 2024. The data are refreshed with regularity, and the dataset expands whenever a new healthcare provider joins the Akrivia network. 13% of the database are patients under 18 years old (n=590 160), 56% are adults 18–65 years old (n=2 631 690) and 31% are older people (n=1 422 609). About 11.5% are deceased (n=538 371).Findings to dateStructured data include patient demographics and service pathways. Akrivia Health also uses a bespoke natural language processing model to further extract the research-relevant information from free-text progress notes, including diagnoses, medications and clinical symptoms. This allows for an in-depth longitudinal description of patient journeys.Future plansThe anonymised data can be accessed in collaboration with Akrivia Health, following the National Health Service guidelines and without requiring a separate ethics application. There is no planned end date for data collection.
Clinical development and proof of principle testing of new regenerative vascular endothelial growth factor-D therapy for refractory angina: rationale and design of the phase 2 ReGenHeart trial
Authors: Leikas Aleksi J , Hartikainen Juha E K , Kastrup Jens , Mathur Anthony , Gyöngyösi Mariann , Fernández-Avilés Francisco , Sanz-Ruiz Ricardo , Wojakowski Wojtek , Gwizdała Adrian , Luite Riho , Nikkinen Marko , Qayyum Abbas A , Haack-Sørensen Mandana , Kelham Matthew , Jones Daniel A , Hamzaraj Kevin , Spannbauer Andreas , Fernández-Santos Maria E , Jędrzejek Marek , Skoczyńska Agnieszka , Vartiainen Niklas , Knuuti Juhani , Saraste Antti , Ylä-Herttuala Seppo 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundDespite tremendous therapeutic advancements, a significant proportion of coronary artery disease patients suffer from refractory angina pectoris, that is, quality-of-life-compromising angina that is non-manageable with established pharmacological and interventional treatment options. Adenoviral vascular endothelial growth factor-DΔNΔC(AdVEGF-D)-encoding gene therapy (GT) holds promise for the treatment of refractory angina.MethodsReGenHeart is an investigator-initiated, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled and double-blinded phase 2 clinical trial that aims to study the safety and efficacy of intramyocardially administered angiogenic AdVEGF-D GT for refractory angina. Patients will be randomised in a 2:1 ratio and blocks of six to receive either AdVEGF-D or placebo. Primary endpoints are improvements in functional capacity assessed with the 6 min walking test and angina symptoms with Canadian Cardiovascular Society class after 6 month follow-up. Secondary endpoints are improvements in myocardial perfusion assessed with either positron emission tomography or single-photon emission CT after 6 month follow-up and functional capacity and angina symptoms after 12 months. In addition, changes in the quality of life, the use of angina medication and the incidence of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events will be evaluated.ConclusionsThe phase 2 ReGenHeart trial will provide knowledge of the safety and efficacy of AdVEGF-D GT to ameliorate symptoms in refractory angina patients, extending and further testing positive results from the preceding phase 1/2a trial.
Logarithmic EW corrections at one-loop
Authors: Lindert J. M. , Mai L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe present a fully automated implementation of next-to-leading order electroweak (NLO EW) corrections in the logarithmic approximation in OpenLoops. For energies above the electroweak scale NLO EW corrections are logarithmically enhanced and in tails of kinematic distributions of crucial LHC processes yield correction factors of several tens of percent. The implementation of the logarithmic Sudakov EW approximation in the amplitude generator OpenLoops is fully general, largely model independent, it supports the computation of EW corrections to resonant processes, and it is suitable for extensions to the two-loop NNLO EW level. The implementation is based on an efficient representation of the logarithmic approximation in terms of an effective vertex approach. Investigating a set of representative LHC processes we find excellent agreement between the logarithmic approximation and full one-loop results in observables where the assumptions of the EW Sudakov approximation are fulfilled.
Enhancement of Low-Temperature Cycling Performance of Lithium-Ion Batteries by use of Dual Cosolvent
Authors: Oh Jin-Young , Seok Jin-Hong , Lim Da-Ae , Lim Sung-Jae , Kim Dong-Won 
Published: October 2024

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) based on conventional electrolyte suffer from poor cycling performance at low temperatures due to the reduced ionic conductivity of electrolytes, sluggish charge transfer reaction, and Li plating during the charging process. Herein, we propose a dual cosolvent composed of methyl acetate (MA) and ethyl fluoroacetate (EFA). MA effectively reduced the viscosity of the electrolyte, improving the ionic conductivity at low temperatures. EFA facilitated the de-solvation of Li+ ions and formed an anion-derived solvation structure, enabling the formation of an inorganic-rich solid electrolyte interphase on the graphite anode. Due to the synergistic effect of MA and EFA, the graphite/LiFePO4 cell employing a dual cosolvent exhibited good cycling performance at low temperatures, delivering a discharge capacity of 68.7 mAh g−1 at −20 °C and 0.2 C and showing a capacity retention of 99.7% after 100 cycles at −20 °C and 0.33 C. Additionally, the cell exhibited an initial discharge capacity of 131.2 mAh g−1 at 25 °C and 1.0 C, with a capacity retention of 99.4% after 300 cycles. Our results demonstrate that liquid electrolytes containing dual cosolvent with various beneficial roles can be a promising solution for improving the low-temperature cycling performance of LIBs.