bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clara cell protein 16 and eosinophil cationic protein production in chronically inflamed sinonasal mucosa
Authors: Špadijer‐Mirković Cveta , Perić Aleksandar , Belić Branislav , Vojvodić Danilo 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundClara cell protein 16 (CC16) is an anti‐inflammatory protein mainly expressed in the epithelial cells in the upper and lower airways. Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) is an important marker of eosinophil activity in chronic inflammatory sinonasal diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate mucosal production of CC16 and ECP in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR), nonallergic and allergic patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP), before and after nasal corticosteroid administration.MethodsTwenty patients with PAR, 20 nonallergic CRSwNP patients, 20 allergic CRSwNP patients, and 20 healthy controls were included. Mucosal cytology samples were taken from all participants for quantification of eosinophils. CC16 and ECP levels were measured in the nasal secretion samples. The patients with chronic sinonasal inflammation were treated with fluticasone nasal spray for 14 days. Nasal symptoms assessment, cytological examination, and CC16 and ECP nasal fluid measurements were performed before and after the corticosteroid treatment.ResultsMean CC16 concentrations in nasal secretions were significantly lower in patients with PAR (p < 0.05) and allergic CRSwNP patients (p < 0.01) compared to controls. Mean ECP levels were significantly higher in patients with PAR, nonallergic CRSwNP patients, and allergic CRSwNP patients compared to the control group (p < 0.001, p < 0.01, p < 0.001, respectively). After nasal corticosteroid therapy, we found a highly significant increase of CC16 (p < 0.001) and reduction of ECP (p < 0.001) in nasal secretions in all 3 groups of patients.ConclusionCC16 and ECP measured in nasal secretions could be reliable markers for assessment of the recovery function of sinonasal mucosa during corticosteroid treatment.
Office‐based olfactory mucosa biopsies
Authors: Holbrook Eric H. , Rebeiz Lina , Schwob James E. 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundRequests from researchers for olfactory mucosal biopsies are increasing as a result of advances in the fields of neuroscience and stem cell biology. Published studies report variable rates of success in obtaining true olfactory tissue, often below 50%. In cases where biopsies are not obtained carefully and confirmed through histological techniques, erroneous conclusions are made. Attention to the epithelium alone without submucosal analysis may add to the confusion. A consistent biopsy technique can help rhinologists obtain higher yields of olfactory mucosa. Confirmatory tissue staining analysis assures olfactory mucosa has been obtained, thereby strengthening clinical correlations and scientific conclusions.MethodsBiopsies of the septum within the anterior olfactory cleft were obtained under endoscopic guidance in an office procedure room using topical local anesthetic (lidocaine). After mucosal incision, a small, cupped, biopsy forceps was used to obtain specimens approximately 2 to 3 mm in size. Specimens were sectioned and analyzed with immunohistochemistry for presence of olfactory epithelium and/or olfactory fascicles.ResultsA total of 14 subjects were biopsied in this analysis. Four subjects had biopsies in the operating room (OR). The remaining 10 underwent biopsies in the clinic. All biopsies obtained in the OR revealed evidence of olfactory mucosa. Of the 10 clinic biopsies, 8 (80%) revealed evidence of olfactory mucosa. No complications were encountered.ConclusionHigh yields of olfactory mucosa can be obtained safely in an office‐based setting. Technique, including attention to the area of biopsy, and confirmatory analysis are important in assuring presence of olfactory tissue.
Strategien für die Synthese von Naturstoffen mit benachbarten stereogenen quartären Kohlenstoffatomen
Authors: Büschleb Martin , Dorich Stéphane , Hanessian Stephen , Tao Daniel , Schenthal Kyle B. , Overman Larry E. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAnhand zwölf repräsentativer Beispiele stellen wir in diesem Aufsatz Strategien für die Totalsynthese komplexer Naturstoffe vor, die zwei oder mehr benachbarte stereogene quartäre Kohlenstoffatomen in ihren komplexen Molekülstrukturen enthalten. Das Hauptaugenmerk liegt dabei auf den Methoden zur Konstruktion quartärer stereogener Kohlenstoffzentren, einschließlich der Synthese desselben Naturstoffs auf verschiedenen Wegen durch unterschiedliche Forschergruppen; dies soll die Vielfalt der Gedankengänge sowie die Individualität kreativer Leistungen verdeutlichen. Ein Kompendium von ausgewählten Naturstoffen mit zwei oder mehr benachbarten stereogenen quartären Kohlenstoffatomen sowie von Schlüsselreaktionen ihrer jeweiligen Total‐ oder Partialsynthesen findet sich in den Hintergrundinformationen.
Hexasubstituierte Benzolderivate mit ultrastarken Dipolmomenten
Authors: Wudarczyk Jakob , Papamokos George , Margaritis Vasilis , Schollmeyer Dieter , Hinkel Felix , Baumgarten Martin , Floudas George , Müllen Klaus 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEs wurden hexasubstituierte Benzolderivate hergestellt, die die stärksten ladungsfreien Dipolmomente in sich tragen, was durch dielektrische Spektroskopie und Dichtefunktionalrechnungen bestätigt wurde. Basierend auf der Herstellung von 4,5‐Diamino‐3,6‐dibromphthalonitril, verbunden mit einer neuen Methode zur Synthese von Dihydrobenzimidazolen, überschreiten diese Benzolderivate die Grenze von 10 Debye. Dipolmomente dieser Größenordnung sind für eine Vielzahl von Anwendungen wünschenswert, z. B. in der Ferroelektrik, in der nichtlinearen Optik oder in der organischen Photovoltaik. Der Strukturbeweis wurde mittels Röntgenkristallstrukturen erbracht, und die optischen Eigenschaften wurden mithilfe von UV/Vis‐Absorptions‐ und Fluoreszenzspektroskopie untersucht.
Mechanistic Insights into the Radical S‐adenosyl‐l‐methionine Enzyme NosL From a Substrate Analogue and the Shunt Products
Authors: Ji Xinjian , Li Yongzhen , Jia Youli , Ding Wei , Zhang Qi 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe radical S‐adenosyl‐l‐methionine (SAM) enzyme NosL catalyzes the transformation of l‐tryptophan into 3‐methyl‐2‐indolic acid (MIA), which is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of a clinically interesting antibiotic nosiheptide. NosL catalysis was investigated by using the substrate analogue 2‐methyl‐3‐(indol‐3‐yl)propanoic acid (MIPA), which can be converted into MIA by NosL. Biochemical assays with different MIPA isotopomers in D2O and H2O unambiguously indicated that the 5′‐deoxyadenosyl (dAdo)‐radical‐mediated hydrogen abstraction is from the amino group of l‐tryptophan and not a protein residue. Surprisingly, the dAdo‐radical‐mediated hydrogen abstraction occurs at two different sites of MIPA, thereby partitioning the substrate into different reaction pathways. Together with identification of an α,β‐unsaturated ketone shunt product, our study provides valuable mechanistic insight into NosL catalysis and highlights the remarkable catalytic flexibility of radical SAM enzymes.
Cobalt(III)‐katalysierte redoxneutrale Synthese von freien Indolen durch N‐N‐Bindungsspaltung
Authors: Lerchen Andreas , Vásquez‐Céspedes Suhelen , Glorius Frank 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEine redoxneutrale Cobalt(III)‐katalysierte direkte Synthese von freien Indolen wird durch eine N‐N‐Bindungsspaltung ermöglicht. Die neu eingeführten Boc‐geschützten Hydrazine eröffnen eine nützliche Erweiterung der begrenzten Auswahl an internen oxidierenden dirigierenden Gruppen in der Cobalt(III)‐Katalyse. Der Ansatz ist gut mit funktionellen Gruppen verträglich.
Exploiting the Multidentate Nature of Chiral Disulfonimides in a Multicomponent Reaction for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]indoles: A Remarkable Case of Enantioinversion
Authors: Galván Alicia , González‐Pérez Adán B. , Álvarez Rosana , de Lera Angel R. , Fañanás Francisco J. , Rodríguez Félix 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA new multicomponent coupling reaction for the enantioselective synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2‐a]indoles under the catalysis of a chiral disulfonimide is described. The high specificity of the reaction is a consequence of the multidentate character of the Brønsted acid catalyst. Insights from DFT calculations helped explain the unexpected high enantioselectivity observed with the simplest 3,3′‐unsubstituted binaphthyl catalyst as a result of transition‐state stabilization by a network of cooperative noncovalent interactions. The remarkable enantioinversion resulting from the simple introduction of substituents at 3‐ and 3′‐positions, the first reported example of this phenomenon in the context of binaphthalene‐derived Brønsted acid catalysis, was instead attributed to destabilizing steric interactions.
Capturing Biological Activity in Natural Product Fragments by Chemical Synthesis
Authors: Crane Erika A. , Gademann Karl 
Published: February 2016

AbstractNatural products have had an immense influence on science and have directly led to the introduction of many drugs. Organic chemistry, and its unique ability to tailor natural products through synthesis, provides an extraordinary approach to unlock the full potential of natural products. In this Review, an approach based on natural product derived fragments is presented that can successfully address some of the current challenges in drug discovery. These fragments often display significantly reduced molecular weights, reduced structural complexity, a reduced number of synthetic steps, while retaining or even improving key biological parameters such as potency or selectivity. Examples from various stages of the drug development process up to the clinic are presented. In addition, this process can be leveraged by recent developments such as genome mining, antibody–drug conjugates, and computational approaches. All these concepts have the potential to identify the next generation of drug candidates inspired by natural products.
RNA Hairpin Folding in the Crowded Cell
Authors: Gao Mimi , Gnutt David , Orban Axel , Appel Bettina , Righetti Francesco , Winter Roland , Narberhaus Franz , Müller Sabine , Ebbinghaus Simon 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPrecise secondary and tertiary structure formation is critically important for the cellular functionality of ribonucleic acids (RNAs). RNA folding studies were mainly conducted in vitro, without the possibility of validating these experiments inside cells. Here, we directly resolve the folding stability of a hairpin‐structured RNA inside live mammalian cells. We find that the stability inside the cell is comparable to that in dilute physiological buffer. On the contrary, the addition of in vitro artificial crowding agents, with the exception of high‐molecular‐weight PEG, leads to a destabilization of the hairpin structure through surface interactions and reduction in water activity. We further show that RNA stability is highly variable within cell populations as well as within subcellular regions of the cytosol and nucleus. We conclude that inside cells the RNA is subject to (localized) stabilizing and destabilizing effects that lead to an on average only marginal modulation compared to diluted buffer.
Modified Nucleotides for Discrimination between Cytosine and the Epigenetic Marker 5‐Methylcytosine
Authors: von Watzdorf Janina , Leitner Kim , Marx Andreas 
Published: February 2016

Abstract5‐Methyl‐2′‐deoxycytosine, the most common epigenetic marker of DNA in eukaryotic cells, plays a key role in gene regulation and affects various cellular processes such as development and carcinogenesis. Therefore, the detection of 5mC can serve as an important biomarker for diagnostics. Here we describe that modified dGTP analogues as well as modified primers are able to sense the presence or absence of a single methylation of C, even though this modification does not interfere directly with Watson–Crick nucleobase pairing. By screening several modified nucleotide scaffolds, O6‐modified 2′‐deoxyguanosine analogues were identified as discriminating between C and 5mC. These modified nucleotides might find application in site‐specific 5mC detection, for example, through real‐time PCR approaches.
Effects of air distribution on furnace temperature and CO/NO/N2O/SO2 emissions in a lab‐scale CFB furnace cofiring both biomass/coal and petroleum coke/coal
Authors: Wang Yufeng , Niu Yanqing , Sun Peng , Hui Shi'en , Liu Ruiwei , Wang Zhizhou , Zhang Xiaolu 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe effects of air distribution (excess ratio of primary air, ERPA; excess ratio of secondary air, ERSA; and excess ratio of total air, ERTA) on furnace temperature and CO/NO/N2O/SO2 emissions were systematically studied in a 0.2 MW lab‐scale circulating fluidized bed (CFB) furnace cofiring both biomass/coal and petroleum coke/coal. Unlike the ERSA, the high ERPA proved to be conducive to an even temperature distribution along the height of the furnace. As a result of the interaction of the heat release of combustion and endothermic air, a high ERPA equated to a low temperature in the dense phase zone while a low ERSA equated to a high temperature in the dilute phase zone. The generation and transformation of NO/N2O/SO2 depended greatly not only on the N and S contents of the fuel but also on the temperature and ERPA or the oxygen injected into the dense phase zone; the effect of ERSA was minimal. Meanwhile, the concentration of CO was mainly affected by the ERTA. Along with increased ERPA, the concentration of CO decreased, the concentrations of NO and N2O increased, and the SO2 content increased and then decreased. The high petroleum coke cofiring ratio caused high furnace temperature in the dense phase zone and low furnace temperature in the dilute phase zone. In addition, increasing petroleum cofiring ratio resulted in high NO and SO2 emissions because of the high N and S contents of the fuel. The results provide guidance for both biomass/coal and petroleum coke/coal cofiring in CFB furnace. © 2016 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphological Studies of Nucleologenesis in Giardia lamblia
Authors: Lara‐Martínez Reyna , De Lourdes Segura‐Valdez María , De La Mora‐De La Mora Ignacio , López‐Velázquez Gabriel , JimÉnez‐García Luis Felipe 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThe nucleolus is a nuclear organelle involved in ribosome biogenesis. In most eukaryotes this structure disperses during prophase through anaphase and reorganizes at telophase by a process known as nucleologenesis. This process involves new transcription of ribosomal DNA at the nucleolar organizer region and the formation of prenucleolar bodies fusing to it. In Giardia lamblia, for a long time considered the only anucleolated eukaryote, a very small nucleolus has been recently described. In order to evaluate whether nucleologenesis is also present in Giardia, we analyzed the distribution of nucleolar material during telophase using different light and electron microscopy techniques including silver staining for the nucleolar organizer. Results indicate that in G. lamblia, nucleolar elements persist mainly as an intranuclear peripheral organelle during all stages of division, including telophase, however, no prenucleolar bodies are detected in the nucleoplasm. Therefore, in the parasite, nucleolar material is present throughout cell division including telophase and formation of prenucleolar bodies may not be required for nucleologenesis. Anat Rec, 299:549–556, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Beyond the Halogen Bond: Examining the Limits of Extended Polybromide Networks through Quantum‐Chemical Investigations
Authors: Easton Max E. , Chan Bun , Masters Anthony F. , Radom Leo , Maschmeyer Thomas 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe bonding environments of some polybromide monoanions and networks were examined by quantum‐chemical methods to investigate electronic interactions between dibromine–dibromine contacts. Examination of thermodynamic parameters and a bond critical point analysis give strong evidence for such bonding modes, which have been previously treated disparately in the literature. The thermodynamic stability of large polybromides up to [Br37]− was also predicted by these methods.
Emerging Supramolecular Therapeutic Carriers Based on Host–Guest Interactions
Authors: Karim Anis Abdul , Dou Qingqing , Li Zibiao , Loh Xian Jun 
Published: February 2016

AbstractRecent advances in host–guest chemistry have significantly influenced the construction of supramolecular soft biomaterials. The highly selective and non‐covalent interactions provide vast possibilities of manipulating supramolecular self‐assemblies at the molecular level, allowing a rational design to control the sizes and morphologies of the resultant objects as carrier vehicles in a delivery system. In this Focus Review, the most recent developments of supramolecular self‐assemblies through host–guest inclusion, including nanoparticles, micelles, vesicles, hydrogels, and various stimuli‐responsive morphology transition materials are presented. These sophisticated materials with diverse functions, oriented towards therapeutic agent delivery, are further summarized into several active domains in the areas of drug delivery, gene delivery, co‐delivery and site‐specific targeting deliveries. Finally, the possible strategies for future design of multifunctional delivery carriers by combining host–guest chemistry with biological interface science are proposed.
h‐BN Nanosheets as 2D Substrates to Load 0D Fe3O4 Nanoparticles: A Hybrid Anode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Duan Zhi‐Qiang , Liu Yi‐Tao , Xie Xu‐Ming , Ye Xiong‐Ying , Zhu Xiao‐Dong 
Published: February 2016

Abstracth‐BN, as an isoelectronic analogue of graphene, has improved thermal mechanical properties. Moreover, the liquid‐phase production of h‐BN is greener since harmful oxidants/reductants are unnecessary. Here we report a novel hybrid architecture by employing h‐BN nanosheets as 2D substrates to load 0D Fe3O4 nanoparticles, followed by phenol/formol carbonization to form a carbon coating. The resulting carbon‐encapsulated h‐BN@Fe3O4 hybrid architecture exhibits synergistic interactions: 1) The h‐BN nanosheets act as flexible 2D substrates to accommodate the volume change of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles; 2) The Fe3O4 nanoparticles serve as active materials to contribute to a high specific capacity; and 3) The carbon coating not only protects the hybrid architecture from deformation but also keeps the whole electrode highly conductive. The synergistic interactions translate into significantly enhanced electrochemical performances, laying a basis for the development of superior hybrid anode materials.
SMART DECK – Ein multifunktionaler Brückenbelag aus Textilbeton
Authors: Raupach Michael , Driessen Carla 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEin multifunktionaler Brückenbelag, SMART‐DECK, ermöglicht erstmals eine Kombination unterschiedlicher Aufgaben: Kontinuierliches und vollflächiges Monitoring des Bauwerkszustands, ggf. Schutz des Bauwerks mittels präventivem kathodischen Korrosionsschutz (pKKS) und Verstärken der Tragfähigkeit. Ermöglicht wird dies durch eine mit Carbontextil bewehrte Spezialmörtelschicht. Die SMART‐DECK‐Zwischenschicht soll so das Eigengewicht der Konstruktionen kaum erhöhen und sowohl für Brücken im Neubau als auch für Bestandsbrücken verwendet werden. So soll ein wesentlicher Beitrag zur Sicherstellung einer nachhaltigen Mobilität geliefert werden, da Schäden frühzeitig erkannt und notwendige Instandsetzungsmaßnahmen über Jahre in verkehrsberuhigte Zeiten hinausgezögert werden können. Der Betreiber des Brückenbauwerks ist über das Monitoringkonzept in der Lage, den Zustand seiner Fahrbahnabdichtungen in Echtzeit überwachen zu können.Multifunctional textile reinforced concrete interlayer for bridgesA multifunctional interlayer for bridges, SMART‐DECK, provides for the first time a combination of different functions: Continuous all over monitoring of the bridge condition and if necessary the protection of the bridge with a preventive cathodic corrosion protection and the strengthening of the load capacity. All three functions are realized with a carbon textile reinforced concrete interlayer. The SMART‐DECK interlayer will not increase the dead load of the construction and will be used for new construction as well as for existing structures. Thus an essential contribution for a sustainable mobility will be made, because damages will be identified earlier and maintenance as well as repair work can be postponed for years to times with little traffic. The operator of the bridge construction is able to monitor the condition of the bridge in realtime.
The self‐assembly of redox active peptides: Synthesis and electrochemical capacitive behavior
Authors: Piccoli Julia P. , Santos Adriano , Santos‐Filho Norival A. , Lorenzón Esteban N. , Cilli Eduardo M. , Bueno Paulo R. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThe present work reports on the synthesis of a redox‐tagged peptide with self‐assembling capability aiming applications in electrochemically active capacitive surfaces (associated with the presence of the redox centers) generally useful in electroanalytical applications. Peptide containing ferrocene (fc) molecular (redox) group (Ac‐Cys‐Ile‐Ile‐Lys(fc)‐Ile‐Ile‐COOH) was thus synthesized by solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). To obtain the electrochemically active capacitive interface, the side chain of the cysteine was covalently bound to the gold electrode (sulfur group) and the side chain of Lys was used to attach the ferrocene in the peptide chain. After obtaining the purified redox‐tagged peptide, the self‐assembly and redox capability was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance‐based capacitance spectroscopy techniques. The obtained results confirmed that the redox‐tagged peptide was successfully attached by forming an electroactive self‐assembled monolayer onto gold electrode. The design of redox active self‐assembly ferrocene‐tagged peptide is predictably useful in the development of biosensor devices precisely to detect, in a label‐free platform, those biomarkers of clinical relevance. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 106: 357–367, 2016.
Trisomy rescue mechanism: the case of concomitant mosaic trisomy 14 and maternal uniparental disomy 14 in a 15‐year‐old girl
Authors: Balbeur Samuel , Grisart Bernard , Parmentier Benoit , Sartenaer Daniel , Leonard Pierre‐Emmanuel , Ullmann Urielle , Boulanger Sébastien , Leroy Luc , Ngendahayo Placide , Lungu‐Silviu Constantin , Lysy Philippe , Maystadt Isabelle 
Published: February 2016

Key Clinical MessageMaternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 14 (upd(14)mat) is responsible for a Prader–Willi‐like syndrome with precocious puberty. Although upd(14) is often hypothesized to result from trisomy rescue mechanism, T14 cell lines are usually not found with postnatal cytogenetic investigations. We report the coexistence of both chromosomal abnormalities in a 15‐year‐old girl.
Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Pyrrole‐ and Indole‐Fused Isocoumarins by C−H Bond Activation in DMF and Water
Authors: Singh Keisham S. , Sawant Sneha G. , Dixneuf Pierre H. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPyrrole‐ and indole‐fused isocoumarins constitute important structural units in natural products and pharmacophores, although the direct and selective bifunctionalization of pyrrole and indole remain a challenge. Herein, we report a one‐pot synthesis of pyrrole‐ and indole‐fused isocoumarins from simple 1‐methylpyrrole‐2‐carboxylic acid and 1‐methylindole‐3‐carboxylic acid by annulation with alkynes in the presence of a ruthenium(II) catalyst based on [RuCl2(p‐cymene)]2 with Cu(OAc)2⋅H2O as the oxidant in DMF. This ruthenium(II)‐catalyzed transformation was shown to be profitably performed in water as the solvent. The reaction, which involves carboxylate coordination, activation of the heterocyclic sp2 C−H bond, and insertion of the alkyne, is regioselective, which leads to good yields of the isocoumarins.