bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dendritic processing of spontaneous neuronal sequences for one-shot learning
Authors: Haga Tatsuya , Fukai Tomoki 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSpontaneous firing sequences colloquially called “preplay” are fundamental features of hippocampal network physiology. Preplay sequences have been hypothesized to participate in hippocampal learning and memory, but such functional roles and their potential cellular mechanisms remain unexplored. Here, we report a computational model based on the functional propagation of preplay sequences in the CA3 neuronal network. The model instantiates two synaptic pathways in CA3 neurons, one for proximal dendrite-somatic interactions to generate intrinsic preplay sequences and the other for distal dendritic processing of extrinsic sensory signals. The core dendritic computation is the maximization of matching between patterned activities in the two compartments through nonlinear spike generation. The model performs robust one-shot learning with long-term stability and independence that are modulated by the plasticity of dendrite-targeted inhibition. This model demonstrates that learning models combined with dendritic computations can enable preplay sequences to act as templates for rapid and stable memory formation.
Same law, diverging practice: comparative analysis of Endangered Species Act consultations by two federal agencies
Authors: Evansen Megan , Li Ya-Wei , Malcom Jacob 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTEvaluating how wildlife conservation laws are implemented is critical for safeguarding biodiversity. Two agencies, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and National Marine Fisheries Service (FWS and NMFS; Services collectively), are responsible for implementing the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA), which requires federal protection for threatened and endangered species. FWS and NMFS’ comparable role for terrestrial and marine taxa, respectively, provides the opportunity to examine how implementation of the same law varies between agencies. We analyzed how the Services implement a core component of the ESA, section 7 consultations, by objectively assessing the contents of >120 consultations on sea turtle species against the requirements in the Services’ consultation handbook, supplemented with in-person observations from Service biologists. Our results showed that NMFS consultations were 1.40 times as likely to have higher completeness scores than FWS consultations given the standard in the handbook. Consultations tiered from an FWS programmatic consultation inherited higher quality scores of generally more thorough programmatic consultations, indicating that programmatic consultations could increase the quality of consultations while improving efficiency. Both agencies commonly neglected to account for the effects of previous consultations and the potential for compounded effects on species. From these results, we recommend actions that can improve quality of consultation, including the use of a single database to track and integrate previously authorized harm in new analyses and the careful but more widespread use of programmatic consultations. Our study reveals several critical shortfalls in the current process of conducting ESA section 7 consultations that the Services could address to better safeguard North America’s most imperiled species.
Dethroning the Fano Factor: a flexible, model-based approach to partitioning neural variability
Authors: Charles Adam S. , Park Mijung , Weller J. Patrick , Horwitz Gregory D. , Pillow Jonathan W. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractNeurons in many brain areas exhibit high trial-to-trial variability, with spike counts that are over-dispersed relative to a Poisson distribution. Recent work (Goris et al., 2014) has proposed to explain this variability in terms of a multiplicative interaction between a stochastic gain variable and a stimulus-dependent Poisson firing rate, which produces quadratic relationships between spike count mean and variance. Here we examine this quadratic assumption and propose a more flexible family of models that can account for a more diverse set of mean-variance relationships. Our model contains additive Gaussian noise that is transformed nonlinearly to produce a Poisson spike rate. Different choices of the nonlinear function can give rise to qualitatively different mean-variance relationships, ranging from sub-linear to linear to multiplicative. Intriguingly, a rectified squaring nonlinearity produces a linear mean-variance function, corresponding to responses with constant Fano factor. We describe a computationally efficient method for fitting this model to data, and demonstrate that a majority of neurons in a V1 population are better described by a model with non-quadratic relationship between mean and variance. Lastly, we develop an application to Bayesian adaptive stimulus selection in closed-loop neurophysiology experiments, which shows that accounting for overdispersion can lead to dramatic improvements in adaptive tuning curve estimation.
Single-Cell RNAseq analysis of infiltrating neoplastic cells at the migrating front of human glioblastoma
Authors: Darmanis Spyros , Sloan Steven A. , Croote Derek , Mignardi Marco , Chernikova Sophia , Samghababi Peyman , Zhang Ye , Neff Norma , Kowarsky Mark , Caneda Christine , Li Gordon , Chang Steven , Connolly Ian David , Li Yingmei , Barres Ben , Gephart Melanie Hayden , Quake Stephen R. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryGlioblastoma is the most common primary brain cancer in adults and is notoriously difficult to treat due to its diffuse nature. We performed single-cell RNAseq on 3589 cells in a cohort of four patients. We obtained cells from the tumor core as well as surrounding peripheral tissue. Our analysis revealed cellular variation in the tumor’s genome and transcriptome, We were able to identify infiltrating neoplastic cells in regions peripheral to the core lesions. Despite the existence of significant heterogeneity among neoplastic cells, we found that infiltrating GBM cells share a consistent gene signature between patients, suggesting a common mechanism of infiltration. Additionally, in investigating the immunological response to the tumors, we found transcriptionally distinct myeloid cell populations residing in the tumor core and the surrounding peritumoral space. Our data provide a detailed dissection of GBM cell types, revealing an abundance of novel information about tumor formation and migration.
Electroencephalographic markers of brain development during sevoflurane anesthesia in children aged 0 to 3 years old
Authors: Cornelissen Laura , Kim Seong-Eun , Lee Johanna M. , Brown Emery N. , Purdon Patrick L. , Berde Charles B. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe general anesthetic sevoflurane acts on GABAergic-interneurons to generate stereotyped oscillations that relate fundamentally to neural circuit architecture. Each year, millions of children require general anesthesia, providing an experiment of nature that allows characterization of the developmental trajectory of GABAergic-inhibitory circuits in the human brain. We used multichannel electroencephalograph recordings in 91 children 0-40 months old. We mapped spatial power and coherence across the cortex. During sevoflurane exposure: (1) slow-delta oscillations are present in all ages; (2) theta and alpha oscillations emerge around 4 months; (3) alpha oscillations increase in power from 4 to 10 months; (4) frontal alpha oscillation predominance emerge at ~6 months; (5) frontal slow oscillations are coherent in the first 6 months of age only; and (6) frontal alpha oscillations become coherent around 10 months and persist in older ages. Our results suggest key developmental milestones are visible in the functional activity of sevoflurane-stimulated GABAergic circuits.
Rotating- and translating-coil magnetometers for extracting pseudo-multipoles in accelerator magnets
Authors: Russenschuck Stephan 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to establish the mathematical foundations of magnetic measurement methods based on translating-coil and rotating-coil magnetometers for accelerator magnets and solenoids. These field transducers allow a longitudinal scanning of the field distribution, but require a sophisticated post-processing step to extract the coefficients of the Fourier–Bessel series (known as pseudo-multipoles or generalized gradients) as well as a novel design of the rotating coil magnetometers.

Design/methodology/approach
Calculating the transversal field harmonics as a function of the longitudinal position in the magnet, or measuring these harmonics with a very short, rotating induction-coil scanner, allows the extraction of the coefficients of a Fourier–Bessel series, which can then be used in the thin lens approximation of the end regions of accelerator magnets.

Findings
The extraction of the leading term in the Fourier–Bessel series requires the solution of a differential equation by means of a Fourier transform. This yields a natural way to de-convolute the measured distribution of the multipole content. The author has shown that the measurement technique requires iso-parametric coils to avoid interception of the longitudinal field component. The compensation of the main signal cannot be done with the classical arrangement of search coils at different radii, because no easy scaling law exists. A new design of an iso-perimetric induction coil has been found.

Research limitations/implications
In the literature, it is stated that the pseudo-multipoles can be extracted from field computations or measurements. While this is true for computations, the author shows that the measurement of the field harmonics must be done with iso-parametric coils because otherwise the leading term in the Fourier–Bessel series cannot be extracted.

Practical implications
The author has now established the theory behind a number of field transducers, such as the moving fluxmeter, the rotational coil scanner and the solenoidal field transducer.

Originality/value
This paper brought together the known theory of the orthogonal expansion method with the methods and tools for magnetic field measurements to establish a field description in accelerator magnets.
An optimization tool for coaxial magnetic gears
Authors: Filippini Mattia , Alotto Piergiorgio 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to show a complete optimization tool that can be used for the design of coaxial magnetic gears. In the first part, the paper deals with the semi-analytic modelling of these machines and also discusses how to reduce the computational efforts. In the second part, an optimization algorithm is adopted for finding the Pareto optimal geometries.

Design/methodology/approach
The machine is subdivided into a set of domains according to their physical and geometrical properties, and the potential distribution is found semi-analytically in them under some simplifying hypothesis. A loss estimation is performed for both ferromagnetic and permanent magnet regions. A stochastic differential evolution (DE) algorithm for multi-objective constrained problems is then applied.

Findings
It is shown that the presented design tool gives results in accordance to finite element method (FEM)-based analysis keeping the advantages of robustness and simplicity of the analytical methods. The DE-based strategy performs well on the magnetic gear optimization problem.

Practical implications
The proposed tool appears to be a good starting point when designing coaxial magnetic gears. The optimal Pareto points can be used as initial seeds of FEM-based optimizations, resulting in a cheaper computational method with respect to a full FEM optimization.

Originality/value
This paper takes inspiration from recent works on magnetic gear modelling and completes the design procedure with a suitable efficiency estimation. The paper also shows how to use mature optimization strategies to solve the constrained multi-objective magnetic gear design problem.
Efficient circuit representation of eddy-current fields
Authors: Shindo Yuji , Kameari Akihisa , Matsuo Tetsuji 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to discuss the relationship between the continued fraction form of the analytical solution in the frequency domain, the orthogonal function expansion and their circuit realization to derive an efficient representation of the eddy-current field in the conducting sheet and wire/cylinder. Effective frequency ranges of representations are analytically derived.

Design/methodology/approach
The Cauer circuit representation is derived from the continued fraction form of analytical solution and from the orthogonal polynomial expansion. Simple circuit calculations give the upper frequency bounds where the truncated circuit and orthogonal expansion are applicable.

Findings
The Cauer circuit representation and the orthogonal polynomial expansions for the magnetic sheet in the E-mode and for the wire in the axial H-mode are derived. The upper frequency bound for the Cauer circuit is roughly proportional to N4 with N inductive elements, whereas the frequency bound for the finite element eddy-current analysis with uniform N elements is roughly proportional to N2.

Practical implications
The Cauer circuit representation is expected to provide an efficient homogenization method because it requires only several elements to describe the eddy-current field over a wide frequency range.

Originality/value
The applicable frequency ranges are analytically derived depending on the conductor geometry and on the truncation types.
Stochastic LOD-FDTD method for two-dimensional electromagnetic uncertainty problems
Authors: Salis Christos , Kantartzis Nikolaos , Zygiridis Theodoros 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
Random media uncertainties exhibit a significant impact on the properties of electromagnetic fields that usually deterministic models tend to neglect. As a result, these models fail to quantify the variation in the calculated electromagnetic fields, leading to inaccurate outcomes. This paper aims to introduce an unconditionally stable finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method for assessing two-dimensional random media uncertainties in one simulation.

Design/methodology/approach
The proposed technique is an extension of the stochastic FDTD (S-FDTD) scheme, which approximates the variance of a given field component using the Delta method. Specifically in this paper, the Delta method is applied to the locally one-dimensional (LOD) FDTD scheme (hence named S-LOD-FDTD), to achieve unconditional stability. The validity of this algorithm is tested by solving two-dimensional random media problems and comparing the results with other methods, such as the Monte-Carlo (MC) and the S-FDTD techniques.

Findings
This paper provides numerical results that prove the unconditional stability of the S-LOD-FDTD technique. Also, the comparison with the MC and the S-FDTD methods shows that reliable outcomes can be extracted even with larger time steps, thus making this technique more efficient than the other two aforementioned schemes.

Research limitations/implications
The S-LOD-FDTD method requires the proper quantification of various correlation coefficients between the calculated fields and the electrical parameters, to achieve reliable results. This cannot be known beforehand and the only known way to calculate them is to run a fraction of MC simulations.

Originality/value
This paper introduces a new unconditional stable technique for measuring material uncertainties in one realization.
Restricting the design space of multiple-barrier rotors of synchronous reluctance machines
Authors: Mohammadi Mohammad Hossain , Rahman Tanvir , Lowther David 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to propose a numerical methodology to reduce the number of computations required to optimally design the rotors of synchronous reluctance machines (SynRMs) with multiple barriers.

Design/methodology/approach
Two objectives, average torque and torque ripple, have been simulated for thousands of SynRM models using 2D finite element analysis. Different rotor topologies (i.e. number of flux barriers) were statistically analyzed to find their respective design correlation for high average torque solutions. From this information, optimal geometrical constraints were then found to restrict the design space of multiple-barrier rotors.

Findings
Statistical analysis of two considered SynRM case studies demonstrated a design similarity between the different number of flux barriers. Upon setting the optimal geometrical constraints, it was observed that the design space of multiple-barrier rotors reduced by more than 56 per cent for both models.

Originality/value
Using the proposed methodology, optimal geometrical constraints of a multiple-barrier SynRM rotor can be found to restrict its corresponding design space. This approach can handle the curse of dimensionality when the number of geometric parameters increases. Also, it can potentially reduce the number of initial samples required prior to a multi-objective optimization.
The role of management accounting in international entrepreneurship
Authors: Mitter Christine , Hiebl Martin R.W. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to analyze the role of management accounting in international entrepreneurship. Its role, thus far, has been a neglected topic in research on accounting and international entrepreneurship, although some quantitative findings indicate the positive influence of management accounting on internationalization capability.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is based on a multiple case study of Austrian firms and draws on the resource-based view of the firm as well as effectuation/causation logics. Data for this study were collected via semi-structured interviews, press reports, company chronicles, organizational brochures and websites of the analyzed case firms.

Findings
The paper finds that management accounting may indeed serve as a key capability for international entrepreneurship. However, reliance on this capability seems to be contingent on the phase of international entrepreneurship and pathway and mode of internationalization.

Research limitations/implications
The findings add to the accounting literature by showing that the phase as well as the mode and pathway of international entrepreneurship may serve as contingency factors for management accounting, which have been overlooked in the literature. At the same time, they also contribute to the international entrepreneurship literature by offering an initial view on the neglected capability of management accounting.

Originality/value
This is the first study to analyze the role of management accounting in international entrepreneurship.
The robot in the window seat
Authors: Hirsch Peter Buell 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to point to some emerging workplace issues relating to the increasing collaboration between human and robot workers. As the number of human workers shrinks and that of robots increases, how will this change the dynamics of the workplace and human worker motivation?

Design/methodology/approach
The approach of this paper is to examine recent academic, business and media writings on the subject of artificial intelligence and robotics in the workplace to identify gaps in our understanding of the new hybrid work environment.

Findings
What the author has found is that although there are numerous voices expressing concerns about the replacement of human workers by robots, there has not as yet been a substantive study of the impact on human workers of sharing their work life with robots in this environment.

Research limitations/implications
The findings in this paper are limited by the fact that they are drawn from a review of the secondary literature rather than from primary research and are therefore speculative and anecdotal.

Practical implications
The practical implications of the findings are to suggest that it is time to establish a systematic and standardized method for analyzing and measuring the impact on human workers of operating in an environment increasingly populated by automated co-workers.

Social implications
The author suspects that the social implications will be to suggest that as a human society we will need to establish psychologically and culturally valid means for coping with this new work environment, and the author believes some of the findings may well prove counter intuitive within the social context of work.

Originality/value
The author does not believe there is any substantial work addressing the social, psychological or cultural implications of humans working besides robots on a daily basis.
A driver in every car: when the auto industry says jump, do governments say “how high?”
Authors: Buigues Pierre André 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the economic and political conditions that could explain why the governments in developed economies have intervened in the automobile industry. The author identifies the main reasons and the shortcomings of these public interventions.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper presents different forms of public intervention in the automobile industry of various countries over the past few decades: infant industry, research and development (R&D), global climate change and global systemic crisis.

Findings
The automobile sector is viewed by governments as a key sector and is subsidised for different reasons at different periods. The paper shows that governments give different reasons for public intervention in the automobile industry (infant industry, global climate change, R&D externalities, the global financial crisis, etc.). Whatever the theory, in practice, public interventions have a strong impact on the industry and its evolution.

Practical implications
The paper highlights the importance for car manufacturers of monitoring the political initiatives of public authorities, which can affect the technological evolution of the automobile industry.

Social implications
For households, the purchase of a car is quite important, and the political orientation of public subsidies in favour of one option over another, such as electric vehicles or an autonomous car, affects their choice.

Originality/value
The paper examines an issue which has not previously been addressed by journals, yet which is crucial, i.e. the impact of government decisions on the evolution of an industry. The approach can also be applied to other sectors.
Graphic symbols terminology: a call for a consensus
Authors: Pampoulou Eliada 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
Graphic symbols, such as the Picture Communication Symbols, Makaton and Widgit, have been traditionally used in the field of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) in order to support people with little or no functional speech. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
However, given the fact that the terminology remains contested in the existing literature as well as the multidisciplinary nature surrounding graphic symbols, in more recent years and the number of terms used in different fields, it is vital that the terminology of graphic symbols is revisited again.

Findings
In the last section of the paper, a definition of graphic symbols is proposed.

Originality/value
The value of this paper lies in the fact that while field of graphic symbols have been used in the AAC for more than 30 years, there is still no consensus regarding the meaning of the terminology used.