bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemotherapy Immunophenoprofiles in Non‐Small‐Cell Lung Cancer by Personalized Membrane Proteomics
Authors: Putri Denise Utami , Feng Po‐Hao , Hsu Yuu‐Hueih , Lee Kang‐Yun , Jiang Feng‐Wen , Kuo Lu‐Wei , Chen Yu‐Ju , Han Chia‐Li 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectives: No study has addressed how the immune status at the molecular level is affected by first‐line pemetrexed and cisplatin (PEM–CIS) combination therapy in patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Thus, we aimed to identify the immune status from membrane proteome alterations in patients with NSCLC upon PEM–CIS treatment.Methods: The paired peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from four patients with lung adenocarcinoma before and after the first regimen of PEM–CIS treatment and applied quantitative membrane proteomics analysis.Result: In the personalized PBMC membrane proteome profiles, 2424 proteins were identified as displaying patient‐specific responsive patterns. We discovered an elevated neutrophil activity and a more suppressive T‐cell phenotype with the downregulation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 degradation and the upregulation of type 2 T‐helper and T‐regulatory cells in the patient with the highest progression‐free survival (PFS) of 14.5 months. Patients with a PFS of 2 months showed higher expressions of T‐cell subsets, MHC class II pathways, and T‐cell receptor signaling, which indicated an activated immune status.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: Without the additional isolation of specific immune cell populations, our study demonstrated that PEM–CIS chemotherapy altered patients’ immune system in terms of neutrophils, T cells, and antigen presentation pathways.
Impact of sensor‐controlled variable‐rate fungicide application on yield, senescence and disease occurrence in winter wheat fields
Authors: Tackenberg Maria , Volkmar Christa , Schirrmann Michael , Giebel Antje , Dammer Karl‐Heinz 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDField experiments examining target‐oriented variable‐rate fungicide spraying were performed in 2015 and 2016. The spray volume was adapted in real time to the local green coverage level of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), which was detected using a camera sensor.RESULTSDepending on the growth heterogeneity in the three strip trials in 2015, fungicide savings in the sensor‐sprayed strip compared with the adjacent uniformly sprayed strip were 44%, 45% and 1%. In the 2016 field trial, the saving was 12%. There was no greater level of senescence or disease occurrence, and no higher yield losses in the camera‐controlled variable‐rate sprayed strips compared with the adjacent uniformly sprayed strips.CONCLUSIONSFrom an ecological and economical point of view, sensor‐controlled variable‐rate spraying technology, which uses the level of green crop coverage as the plant parameter to adapt the spray volume locally, can be an alternative to the common practice of uniform spraying. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Increase in remediation processes of oil‐contaminated soils
Authors: Lifshits Sarah K. , Glyaznetsova Yuliya S. , Chalaya Olga N. , Zueva Iraida N. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA study was conducted in the region of the Lena River, in northeast Russia, where oil‐contaminated soil remediation is compromised due to the reduced natural attenuation mechanisms in northern eco‐systems. The goal of the study was to analyze the effectiveness of different biological methods for remediating the permafrost soil cover contaminated with high concentrations of oil. For the remediation of the areas with approximately similar levels of contamination (in the range of 10 to 14 grams per kilogram [g/kg] of soil) different biological remediation schemes were applied: site 1: sowing plant seeds of meadow clover grass; site 2: introducing a consortium of hydrocarbon oxidizing microorganisms (HOM); and, site 3: introducing the same consortium of HOM with simultaneously sowing grass mixture. The third scheme, applied for the first time, led to the most favorable results, which might be explained by the synergistic effect based on the principle of positive inverse development.
Interplay of foot and mouth disease virus with cell‐mediated and humoral immunity of host
Authors: Abubakar Muhammad , Manzoor Shumaila , Ahmed Afshan 
Published: December 2017

SummaryFoot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a communicable disease of cloven hoofed animals, resulting in major economic losses during disease outbreaks. Like other members of the Picornaviridae FMDV has a relatively short infectious cycle; initiation of infection and dissemination, with production of infectious virions occurs in less than a week. The components of innate immunity as well as cell‐mediated and humoral immunity play a crucial role in control of FMDV. However, it has been shown in vitro using a mouse model that FMDV has evolved certain mechanisms to counteract host immune responses ensuring its survival and spread. The viral leader proteinase, L pro, deters interferon beta (IFN‐β) mRNA synthesis, thus, inhibiting host cell translation. Another viral proteinase, 3C pro, disrupts host cell transcription by cleaving histone H3. A transient lymphopenia in swine as a consequence of FMDV infection has also been observed, but the mechanism involved and viral protein(s) associated with this process are not clearly understood. In this review, we have covered the interaction of FMDV with different immune cells including lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells and their consequences.
In Vitro Modeling of Congenital Heart Defects Associated with an NKX2-5 Mutation Revealed a Dysregulation in BMP/Notch-Mediated Signaling
Authors: Zakariyah Abeer F. , Rajgara Rashida F. , Horner Ellias , Cattin Marie-Elodie , Blais Alexandre , Skerjanc Ilona S. , Burgon Patrick G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The Nkx2-5 gene codes for a transcription factor that plays a critical role in heart development. Heterozygous mutations in NKX2-5 in both human and mice result in congenital heart defects (CHDs). However, the molecular mechanisms by which these mutations cause the disease are still unknown. Recently, we have generated the heterozygous mouse model of the human CHDs associated mutation NKX2-5 R142C (Nkx2-5R141C/+ mouse ortholog of human NKX2-5 R142C variant) that developed septal and conduction defects. This study generated a heterozygous Nkx2-5 R141C mouse embryonic stem cell line (Nkx2-5R141C/+ mESCs) to model CHDs in vitro. We observed that Nkx2-5R141C/+ mESCs display an alteration in the expression of genes that are essential for normal heart development. Furthermore, the reduced cardiomyogenesis is paralleled by a reduction in nuclear import of Nkx2-5 protein. Examination of the Nkx2-5R141C/+ embryos at E8.5 revealed a transient loss of cardiomyogenesis, which is consistent with the phenotype observed in vitro. Moreover, gene expression profiling of Nkx2-5R141C/+ cells at an early stage of cardiac differentiation revealed pronounced deregulation of several cardiac differentiation and function genes. Collectively, our data showed that heterozygosity for the R141C mutation results in disruption of the cellular distribution of Nkx2-5 protein, a transient reduction in cardiomyogenesis that may disrupt the early patterning of the heart, and this, in turn, affects the intricate orchestration of signaling pathways leading to downregulation of Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and Notch signaling. Therefore, we have developed mESCs model of a human CHD, providing an in vitro system to examine early stages of heart development, which are otherwise difficult to study in vivo.
A Pilot Study for a Better Visibility in the 3D Laparoscopic Right Colectomy Surgery
Authors: Gu Lei , Liu Pei‐lin , Zhou Hong , Xu Qing 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of digital defog technique in 3D laparoscopic surgery for right colon cancer.MethodsFifty patients with right colon cancer were divided into digital defogging group and control group. The intraoperative image clarity, the surgeon’s anxiety, the time of operation and the time of fog nursing were compared.ResultsThe clarity of the video screen of the digital defogging group was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the degree of anxiety was significantly lower than that of the control group. The operative time was (136.4 ± 30.4) min in the digital defogging group, the operation time of the control group was (168.7 ± 32.7) min, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The time of dehumidification was (4.8 ± 1.3) min in the digital defogging group and (16.3 ± 4.6) min in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).ConclusionDigital defogging technology in the 3D laparoscopic right colon cancer surgery significantly improves the clarity of video images, reduces the surgeon due to screen clarity caused by anxiety, reduces the operation of right colon cancer time and reduces the time to fog care.
The International Long‐Term Ecological Research–East Asia–Pacific Regional Network (ILTER‐EAP): history, development, and perspectives
Authors: Kim Eun‐Shik , Trisurat Yongyut , Muraoka Hiroyuki , Shibata Hideaki , Amoroso Victor , Boldgiv Bazartseren , Hoshizaki Kazuhiko , Kassim Abd Rahman , Kim Young‐Sun , Nguyen Hong Quan , Ohte Nobuhito , Ong Perry S. , Wang Chiao‐Ping 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThere are growing needs to broaden and deepen our multi‐faceted understanding of the ecosystems, and the networks of Long‐Term Ecological Research (LTER) can play significant roles in fostering and applying ecosystem studies at regional and global scales. The International LTER Network (ILTER) is organized as a global network of field research sites and scientists to address current ecological issues such as biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation within a globally changing environment. The ILTER East Asia–Pacific Regional Network (ILTER‐EAP) is one of the four constituent ILTER regional networks. Since 1995, ILTER‐EAP has been developed to promote data sharing, research collaborations and capability building in the science and to bridge gaps between societal needs and scientific imperatives on concerns in the Asia–Pacific Region. Currently, ILTER‐EAP comprises nine formal ILTER members and two associate networks. Their activities involve long‐term and multiple‐site observations of structural, functional and developmental aspects of ecosystems, data sharing, and bridging society and ecological science. This paper presents a review of the activities of ILTER‐EAP, focusing on its: (1) vision and the development following its inception, (2) scientific activities and major outputs related to selected thematic areas, (3) contributions from ILTER‐EAP to the international initiatives, and (4) future challenges and opportunities relating to its development and role in facilitating regional and global research collaborations. Accordingly, regional research questions were identified that could be most effectively addressed by opening up a common research platform, integrated data management system and the network science, which is open to all interested parties.
Sensitivity and resilience of ecosystems to climate variability in the semi‐arid to hyper‐arid areas of Northern China: a case study in the Heihe River Basin
Authors: You Nanshan , Meng Jijun , Zhu Likai 
Published: December 2017

AbstractClimate variability and climate extremes are important climatic determinants of plant growth, species distribution and net primary productivity. A comprehensively quantitative analysis of the sensitivity and resilience of ecosystems to climate variability is vital to identify which regions and species are most in danger in response to future climate change. Here, we proposed an empirical approach to assess the relative sensitivity and resilience of ecosystems to short‐term climate variability in the Heihe River Basin (HRB) which is the second largest inland river basin in the northern China and contains ecosystems of semi‐arid, arid and hyper‐arid types. Based on the monthly time series of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), land surface temperatures (LST) and the ratio of actual evapotranspiration to potential evapotranspiration (AET/PET) derived from MODIS sensor from 2000 to 2013, we developed a multiple linear regressive and autoregressive model to determine the sensitivity of NDVI anomalies to climate variability indicated by monthly LST anomalies (temperature variability) and monthly AET/PET anomalies (water variability). We included 1 month time lag of NDVI anomalies in order to reflect ecosystem resilience. We found that the sensitivity and resilience to climate variability were different in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the HRB. Temperature variability dominantly controlled vegetation anomalies in the upper reach, but water variability was the dominant climatic factor in the middle and lower reaches. The different responses of semi‐arid to hyper‐arid ecosystems to climate variability depended much on the distinct climatic conditions and diverse vegetation types. Ecosystems in drier condition tended to show higher sensitivity to water variability, and ecosystems with colder climate were likely to be more sensitive to temperature variability. The most sensitive vegetation type to water variability and temperature variability in the HRB was crop and meadow, respectively. Grass had been proved to have the lowest resilience. Our research on the sensitivity and resilience of semi‐arid to hyper‐arid ecosystems is helpful for formulating and implementing adaptation and mitigation strategies in response to climate change.
Diurnal variations and gap effects of soil CO2, N2O and CH4 fluxes in a typical tropical montane rainforest in Hainan Island, China
Authors: Yang Huai , Liu Shirong , Li Yide , Xu Han 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAccurate estimations of soil greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes in tropical montane rainforests are critical for assessing the role of tropical forests in influencing global climate change. This research aimed to determine the diurnal variation in soil GHG fluxes and understand the effects of forest canopy gaps on GHG fluxes, and their major controlling factors. The diurnal fluxes of soil carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) inside and outside three forest canopy gaps in a tropical montane rainforest were measured with a closed static chamber system in June 2015. The main results are as follows. (1) There was an obvious single‐peak daily variation of soil GHG fluxes. (2) The averaged soil CO2, N2O and CH4 fluxes of the whole day were closest to the daily average emission fluxes at 9:00 and 12:00 for CO2, 6:00 and 9:00 for N2O, and 9:00 and 12:00 for CH4, respectively. (3) Soil CO2 and N2O emissions (positive values) and CH4 uptake (negative values) were higher inside gaps than outside. (4) There were stronger exponential relationships between soil CO2 and N2O emissions and temperature inside gaps than outside, and there was a stronger quadratic relationship between CH4 uptake and temperature outside gaps than inside. However, significant relationships between soil CO2 (or CH4) and soil moisture only occurred inside gaps (P < 0.01). There were clear diurnal variations and significant effects of gaps on soil CO2, N2O and CH4 fluxes. Our study indicated that understanding the different diurnal variations of soil CO2, N2O and CH4 fluxes inside and outside canopy gaps could improve the accurate evaluation of soil GHG fluxes in tropical montane rainforests under a changing climate.
Effects of Abduction Pillows on Rotator Cuff Repair: A Biomechanical Analysis
Authors: Hawthorne Jacqueline R. , Carpenter Elise M. , Lam Patrick H. , Murrell George A. C. 
Published: December 2017

Background After rotator cuff repair, some surgeons use abduction pillows to unload or protect the repair construct, while others do not. Question/Purpose The aim of this study was to determine which type of sling—one with a small or large abduction pillow or one without a pillow—places the repaired rotator cuff in the best position to reduce tension on the supraspinatus. Methods An X-ray study was performed on asymptomatic subjects to determine what position the shoulder is placed in when wearing a sling with or without an abduction pillow. Positions were then reproduced in human cadaveric shoulders using a custom-made testing jig, and tension on the repaired supraspinatus was measured. Results X-rays showed that abduction of the glenohumeral joint with a sling was only 4°, with a sling with a small pillow was 13°, and with a sling with a large abduction pillow was 25°. Placing the cadaveric shoulders in the position of a sling with a small abduction pillow caused a reduction in tension on the supraspinatus of 27% anteriorly and 55% posteriorly compared to placing the shoulder in the position of a sling without an abduction pillow; a large abduction pillow caused a further reduction in tension, of 42% anteriorly and 56% posteriorly. Conclusion These findings show that abduction pillows reduce tension on the repaired supraspinatus tendon.
Random multigraphs and aggregated triads with fixed degrees
Authors: FRANK OVE , SHAFIE TERMEH 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRandom multigraphs with fixed degrees are obtained by the configuration model or by so called random stub matching. New combinatorial results are given for the global probability distribution of edge multiplicities and its marginal local distributions of loops and edges. The number of multigraphs on triads is determined for arbitrary degrees, and aggregated triads are shown to be useful for analyzing regular and almost regular multigraphs. Relationships between entropy and complexity are given and numerically illustrated for multigraphs with different number of vertices and specified average and variance for the degrees.
The Chronology of the Neolithic Necropolis Bòbila Maduell-Can Gambús in the Northeast Iberian Peninsula: Dating the Pit Burials Cultural Horizon and Long-Range Raw Material Exchange Networks
Authors: Gibaja Juan F , Morell Berta , Álvarez Juan Antonio Barceló , Duboscq Stéphanie , Masclans Alba , Remolins Gerard , Roig Jordi , Martín Araceli , González Paloma , Plasencia Javier , Coll Joan Manel , Subirà M Eulàlia 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTBòbila Madurell-Can Gambús is the most emblematic Neolithic cemetery in the northeastern Iberian peninsula, with a total of 179 documented pit burials. Artifacts made of exogenous raw materials, such as honey flint (southeastern France), jadeite, amphibolite, eclogite and nephrite (Alps and the Pyrenees), variscite (coast of northeastern Iberia), and even obsidian (Sardinia), have been found in the burials. The presence of these raw materials is not exclusive to this necropolis, but they have also been documented in many of the graves of this region during this period. The literature has singled out this funerary practice as the Pit Burials cultural horizon. However, until now the chronology of this funerary practice has not been fully defined, so it was difficult to explain the development of the chronology and the networks through which the materials reached northeast Iberia. New, unpublished radiocarbon (14C) dates of Bòbila Madurell-Can Gambús are presented, as well as the results of different statistical analyses and Bayesian modeling that specify its chronology. Through the contribution of new data on the chronology of Bòbila Madurell-Can Gambús new clues regarding the temporal dynamics of pit burials and the raw materials exchange networks associated with them are presented.
AMS 14C Dating of Bones from Archaeological Sites in Mexico
Authors: Solis C , Pérez-Andrade G , Rodríguez-Ceja M , Solís-Meza E , Méndez T , Chávez-Lomelí E , Martínez-Carrillo M A , Mondragón M A 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTCollagen associated with bone samples is frequently used for radiocarbon (14C) dating of bones recovered from archaeological sites. However, submersion and exposure to moisture favors the degradation of collagen, which leads to difficulty in reliably dating bones from tropical, humid, or previously submerged archaeological sites. In this paper, we characterized the preservation state of a series of bones, through parameters such as %C, %N, C/N ratio, and collagen recovery. We performed 14C analyses of three collagen fractions obtained through the pretreatment steps (total, ultrafiltered, and insoluble collagen) in order to link the preservation state and the reproducibility of 14C values obtained from the three fractions. Collagen ultrafiltration resulted in a decrease of C/N ratio, although collagen yield was reduced. When two or three collagen fractions were obtained, ages were reproducible and consistent with expected values, according to archaeological or hydrogeological criteria. The pretreatment steps were monitored by infrared spectroscopy in order to analyze the collagen fractions at the molecular level. The presence of collagen in the total and insoluble fractions was confirmed. Since many of the Mexican samples had poor ultrafiltered collagen yield (<3%) or nonexistent yield, our results show that if additional contextual information is carefully considered, the remnant collagen in the total and insoluble fraction can be dated, especially from sites where no other datable fraction exists.
Generalisation of fear in PTSD related to prolonged childhood maltreatment: an experimental study
Authors: Thome Janine , Hauschild Sophie , Koppe Georgia , Liebke Lisa , Rausch Sophie , Herzog Julia I. , Müller-Engelmann Meike , Steil Regina , Priebe Kathlen , Hermans Dirk , Schmahl Christian , Bohus Martin , Lis Stefanie 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundFear responses are particularly intense and persistent in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and can be evoked by unspecific cues that resemble the original traumatic event. Overgeneralisation of fear might be one of the underlying mechanisms. We investigated the generalisation and discrimination of fear in individuals with and without PTSD related to prolonged childhood maltreatment.MethodsSixty trauma-exposed women with (N = 30) and without (N = 30) PTSD and 30 healthy control participants (HC) underwent a fear conditioning and generalisation paradigm. In a contingency learning procedure, one of two circles of different sizes was associated with an electrical shock (danger cue), while the other circle represented a safety cue. During generalisation testing, online risk ratings, reaction times and fear-potentiated startle were measured in response to safety and danger cues as well as to eight generalisation stimuli, i.e. circles of parametrically varying size creating a continuum of similarity between the danger and safety cue.ResultsThe increase in reaction times from the safety cue across the different generalisation classes to the danger cue was less pronounced in PTSD compared with HC. Moreover, PTSD participants expected higher risk of an aversive event independent of stimulus types and task.ConclusionsAlterations in generalisation constitute one part of fear memory alterations in PTSD. Neither the accuracy of a risk judgement nor the strength of the induced fear was affected. Instead, processing times as an index of uncertainty during risk judgements suggested a reduced differentiation between safety and threat in PTSD.