bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clozapine modifies the differentiation program of human adipocytes inducing browning
Authors: Kristóf E , Doan-Xuan Q-M , Sárvári A K , Klusóczki Á , Fischer-Posovszky P , Wabitsch M , Bacso Z , Bai P , Balajthy Z , Fésüs L 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAdministration of second-generation antipsychotic drugs (SGAs) often leads to weight gain and consequent cardio-metabolic side effects. We observed that clozapine but not six other antipsychotic drugs reprogrammed the gene expression pattern of differentiating human adipocytesex vivo, leading to an elevated expression of the browning marker geneUCP1, more and smaller lipid droplets and more mitochondrial DNA than in the untreated white adipocytes. Laser scanning cytometry showed that up to 40% of the differentiating single primary and Simpson–Golabi–Behmel syndrome (SGBS) adipocytes had the characteristic morphological features of browning cells. Furthermore, clozapine significantly upregulatedELOVL3,CIDEA,CYC1,PGC1AandTBX1genes but notZIC1suggesting induction of the beige-like and not the classical brown phenotype. When we tested whether browning induced by clozapine can be explained by its known pharmacological effect of antagonizing serotonin (5HT) receptors, it was found that browning cells expressed 5HT receptors 2A, 1D, 7 and the upregulation of browning markers was diminished in the presence of exogenous 5HT. Undifferentiated progenitors or completely differentiated beige or white adipocytes did not respond to clozapine administration. The clozapine-induced beige cells displayed increased basal and oligomycin-inhibited (proton leak) oxygen consumption, but these cells showed a lower response to cAMP stimulus as compared with control beige adipocytes indicating that they are less capable to respond to natural thermogenic anti-obesity cues. Our data altogether suggest that novel pharmacological stimulation of these masked beige adipocytes can be a future therapeutic target for the treatment of SGA-induced weight gain.
Lipids, lipoprotein distribution and depressive symptoms: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Ong K L , Morris M J , McClelland R L , Maniam J , Allison M A , Rye K-A 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPrevious studies suggest lower concentrations of total and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol to be predictive of depression. We therefore investigated the relationship of lipids and lipoprotein distribution with elevated depressive symptoms (EDS) in healthy men and women from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Participants were followed up over a 9.5-year period. EDS were defined as a Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) score ⩾16 and/or use of antidepressant drugs. Lipoprotein distribution was determined from plasma using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Among 4938 MESA participants (mean age=62 years) without EDS at baseline, 1178 (23.9%) developed EDS during follow-up. In multivariable Cox regression analyses, lower total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and non-HDL cholesterol concentrations at baseline were associated with incident EDS over 9.5 years (hazards ratio (HR)=1.11–1.12 per s.d. decrease, all P<0.01), after adjusting for demographic factors, traditional risk factors including LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides. Lipoprotein particle subclasses and sizes were not associated with incident EDS. Among participants without EDS at both baseline and visit 3, a smaller increase in total or non-HDL cholesterol between these visits was associated with lower risk of incident EDS after visit 3 (HR=0.88–0.90 per s.d. decrease, P<0.05). Lower baseline concentrations of total, LDL and non-HDL cholesterol were significantly associated with a higher risk of incident EDS. However, a short-term increase in cholesterol concentrations did not help to reduce the risk of EDS. Further studies are needed to replicate our findings in cohorts with younger participants.
Analytical, numerical and experimental analysis of induction heating of graphite crucible for melting of non‐magnetic materials
Authors: Patidar Bhupendra , M. Hussain Mozahir , Jha Sanjeev K. , Sharma Archana , Tiwari Akhilanand P. 
Published: November 2016

This study presents analytical formulation used for design of helical coil for induction heating of solid and hollow cylindrical non‐magnetic workpiece (graphite crucible). This formulation is applied for estimation of the active power in graphite crucibles and reactive power drawn by the induction coil in presence of different wall thickness (30, 20, 10 and 5 mm) of graphite crucibles at different frequency (1–50 kHz). Magnetic field produced by induction coil is estimated by using empirical factors suggested by kNagaoka et al. Induction heating processes, i.e. electromagnetism and heat transfer physics are mathematically modelled by Maxwell and Fourier equations, respectively. Finite‐element method is used to solve the electromagnetic field in frequency domain and heat transfer in transient domain. Numerical analysis is carried out by using two‐dimensional axisymmetric geometry. Analytical results and numerical results are compared and are found to be in good agreement with each other. Experimentally obtained coil voltage and graphite crucible temperature were compared with numerical results and the authors found that they also match very well confirming the validity of their assumptions in analytical/numerical approach.
Investigation and implementation of a new hybrid excitation synchronous machine drive system
Authors: Zhang Zhuoran , Liu Ye , Tian Bo , Wang Wenjia 
Published: November 2016

Hybrid excitation synchronous machines (HESMs) inherit the high‐torque density of permanent magnet synchronous machines and flux regulation capability of wound rotor synchronous machines. This makes HESMs attractive candidates for vehicle traction applications. To further improve torque density, an optimised HESM with magnet shunting rotor is proposed in this study. This study presents a maximum torque control strategy with zero d‐axis current. Furthermore, an optimised control strategy that utilises the coordinated operation between the field current and d‐axis current is proposed. The optimised control strategy exhibits advantages of low‐speed high‐torque, wide constant power range, and high efficiency in flux‐weakening (FW) region. A 100 kW drive system based on the optimised HESM with the proposed control strategy is developed, experimentally realised, and validated. The experimental results show that the FW range is 3.5–1, and the efficiency of the drive system is >92% in most operating region, which verify the superiority and effectiveness of the proposed HESM drive system.
Integrity: the virtue of compromise
Authors: Schwartz Jeremy 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this article, I develop a novel interpretation of integrity that I believe ought to be of special interest to business ethicists. According to a traditional understanding, integrity is the virtue of holding fast to one’s principles in the face of temptations. Against this, I suggest that integrity is the virtue that governs rather than forbids compromise. In other words, integrity does not just forbid compromise; it sometimes demands it. This virtue will sound paradoxical to some, and I spend much of the essay arguing for its plausibility and locating it within the larger philosophical tradition. In the second half of the essay, I try to connect this virtue to the essential aims of business as understood by shareholder theorists. If my argument is correct, it may explain why integrity is of such central concern for business ethicists. This article is published as part of a collection on integrity and its counterfeits.
Analysing security subcomplexes in a changing Middle East—the role of non-Arab state actors and non-state actors
Authors: Seeberg Peter 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis article presents a theoretical framework for a collection of articles (“special issue”), which aims at discussing the role of non-Arab state actors and non-state actors in a changing Middle East. The articles in the collection offer perspectives that have been overlooked in recent research, namely those focusing on the role of non-Arab state actors and non-state actors in connection with the changing security environment in the region. Furthermore, these articles discuss how changes in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region are appearing in different and shifting contexts in the creation of new local, sub-regional, or regional security subcomplexes in which Arab states, non-Arab states and non-state actors enter into new conflicts, alliances and other political relations with and against each other. The role of international actors interfering in the region is also analyzed in the context of the changing Middle East.
How constraints affect the hunter’s decision to shoot a deer
Authors: Diekert Florian K. , Richter Andries , Rivrud Inger Maren , Mysterud Atle 
Published: November 2016

Significance
Wildlife populations in Europe and North America are regulated through hunting, as natural predators are still scarce. Therefore, wildlife is a social–ecological system with delicate feedbacks between the social and ecological subsystems. Both for population control and for evolution and because of cultural values, it is essential to understand how many and which animals are removed from the population. However, the question of how the social context influences the individual hunter’s decision to shoot or not to shoot an animal has not been addressed. We apply insights from economic search theory to explain how hunter selection is shaped by social constraints. We provide convincing evidence, using a unique dataset from deer hunting, that selectivity declines with more hunters competing and a shorter remaining season.
Deglacial temperature history of West Antarctica
Authors: Cuffey Kurt M. , Clow Gary D. , Steig Eric J. , Buizert Christo , Fudge T. J. , Koutnik Michelle , Waddington Edwin D. , Alley Richard B. , Severinghaus Jeffrey P. 
Published: November 2016

SignificanceThe magnitude and timing of Antarctic temperature change through the last deglaciation reveal key aspects of Earth’s climate system. Prior attempts to reconstruct this history relied on isotopic indicators without absolute calibration. To overcome this limitation, we combined isotopic data with measurements of in situ temperatures along a 3.4-km-deep borehole. Deglacial warming in Antarctica was two to three times larger than the contemporaneous global temperature change, quantifying the extent to which feedback processes amplify global changes in polar regions, a key prediction of climate models. Warming progressed earlier in Antarctica than in the Northern Hemisphere but coincident with glacier recession in southern mountain ranges, a manifestation of changing oceanic heat transport, insolation, and atmospheric CO2that can further test models.
Aerosol indirect effect from turbulence-induced broadening of cloud-droplet size distributions
Authors: Chandrakar Kamal Kant , Cantrell Will , Chang Kelken , Ciochetto David , Niedermeier Dennis , Ovchinnikov Mikhail , Shaw Raymond A. , Yang Fan 
Published: November 2016

Significance
Atmospheric aerosol concentration is linked to cloud brightness and lifetime through the modulation of precipitation. Generally speaking, larger cloud droplets and wider-droplet size distributions form precipitation more efficiently. We create steady-state clouds in the laboratory through a balance of constant aerosol injection and cloud-droplet removal due to settling. As aerosol concentration is decreased, the cloud-droplet mean diameter increases, as expected, but also the width of the size distribution increases sharply. Theory, simulations, and measurements point to greater supersaturation variability as the cause of this broadening in what can be considered a low aerosol/slow microphysics limit.
Programmable and reversible plasmon mode engineering
Authors: Yang Ankun , Hryn Alexander J. , Bourgeois Marc R. , Lee Won-Kyu , Hu Jingtian , Schatz George C. , Odom Teri W. 
Published: November 2016

Significance
Plasmonic nanostructures that can amplify localized optical fields and support ultranarrow resonances are critical for applications ranging from ultrasensitive molecular sensing to nanoscale lasing. However, the active engineering and maintaining of narrow resonances over a broad range of wavelengths, within a single system, is a grand challenge. In this paper, we introduce a platform that can overcome the limitations of as-fabricated nanoparticle arrays as well as toggle between different lattice plasmon mode orders (dipolar or quadrupolar) by mechanical manipulation of the sample along different symmetry directions. Dynamic tuning of narrow lattice plasmons (<5 nm) was possible over the entire visible wavelength range, which now opens possibilities in real-time optical systems and flexible electronics.
Two crystal structures reveal design for repurposing the C-Ala domain of human AlaRS
Authors: Sun Litao , Song Youngzee , Blocquel David , Yang Xiang-Lei , Schimmel Paul 
Published: November 2016

Significance
Here we present an exception that supports the rule that the 20 human tRNA synthetases acquired new architectures to expand their functions during evolution. The new features are associated with novel, appended domains that are absent in prokaryotes and retained by their many splice variants. Alanyl-tRNA synthetase (AlaRS) is the single example that has a prototypical appended domain—C-Ala—even in prokaryotes, which is spliced out in humans. X-ray structural, small-angle X-ray scattering, and functional analysis showed that human C-Ala lost its prokaryotic tRNA functional role and instead was reshaped into a nuclear DNA-binding protein. Thus, we report another paradigm for tRNA synthetase acquisition of a novel function, namely, repurposing a preexisting domain rather than addition of a new one.
Multistep regulation of autophagy by WNK1
Authors: Gallolu Kankanamalage Sachith , Lee A-Young , Wichaidit Chonlarat , Lorente-Rodriguez Andres , Shah Akansha M. , Stippec Steve , Whitehurst Angelique W. , Cobb Melanie H. 
Published: November 2016

Significance
With-no-lysine (K) 1 (WNK1) is widely expressed, yet little is known about its actions beyond its well-studied regulation of ion transport proteins. We find that WNK1 suppresses autophagy in multiple cell types, indicative of WNK1 actions outside of ion transport. Because autophagy is a complex cellular pathway with many regulatory inputs, identifying steps influenced by WNK1 may also be of value to better understand how autophagy is controlled. Our results show a connection between WNK1 and regulation of PI3KC3 that may have implications for other processes mediated by products of this lipid kinase complex. This study demonstrates a function of WNK1 as a regulator of autophagy.
Map reading, navigating from maps, and the medial temporal lobe
Authors: Urgolites Zhisen J. , Kim Soyun , Hopkins Ramona O. , Squire Larry R. 
Published: November 2016

Significance
The hippocampus has been linked to both memory and spatial cognition, but these ideas are not entirely compatible. We administered navigation tasks in which participants transformed map coordinates into geographical coordinates to follow paths indicated on maps. Patients with limited hippocampal lesions performed normally. A patient with large lesions that damaged the hippocampus as well as the adjacent parahippocampal gyrus was impaired. All the patients were impaired at remembering facts about the task. The findings suggest that the spatial computations needed for navigating from maps are independent of the hippocampus. The impairment after large medial temporal lobe lesions may result from damage to the posterior parahippocampal gyrus. The findings emphasize the importance of the hippocampus for memory functions.
Global analysis of genomic instability caused by DNA replication stress in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Zheng Dao-Qiong , Zhang Ke , Wu Xue-Chang , Mieczkowski Piotr A. , Petes Thomas D. 
Published: November 2016

Significance
One important source of genomic instability associated with tumor cells is DNA replication stress. In the current study, replication stress was induced in yeast by a 10-fold reduction in the level of the replicative DNA polymerase δ. By DNA microarray analysis and high-throughput DNA sequencing, we showed that this stress resulted in very high rates of both large (aneuploidy, mitotic recombination, deletions and duplications, and translocations) and small (point mutations and small insertion/deletions) genetic alterations. Some of these changes resulted in a selective growth advantage of the cells, demonstrating the role of elevated genetic instability in the rapid evolution of cells in challenging growth conditions.
Opinion polling and construction of public opinion in newspaper discourses during the Umbrella Movement
Authors: Lee Francis L. F. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Public opinion not only influences the likelihood of success for a protest movement; images of public opinion can also be used to legitimize or delegitimize a protest. In contemporary societies, opinion polling is the most authoritative way to “measure” public opinion. Yet the meanings of poll findings need to be interpreted and are often contested. Following these premises, this article analyzes the construction of images of public opinion through polling during the Umbrella Movement. The analysis illustrates the discursive strategies involved in selective reporting of opinion polls by newspapers with different political stances. It also demonstrates how poll results were articulated with other assumptions, principles, and discourses to generate claims about the legitimacy or proper strategies of the movement. On the whole, the analysis shows how public opinion, as a discursive category, was brought to bear on the dynamics of the Umbrella Movement through polling and its communication.
Use of Risk Mitigation Practices by Family Nurse Practitioners Prescribing Opioids for the Management of Chronic Nonmalignant Pain
Authors: Chaudhary Sahil , Compton Peggy 
Published: November 2016

Background: Ongoing opioid analgesic use in patients suffering from chronic nonmalignant pain (CNMP) has been associated with the development of opioid misuse, abuse, addiction, and overdose. To prevent these adverse outcomes, it is important that family nurse practitioners (FNPs) implement recommended risk mitigation practices (RMPs) when treating CNMP patients with opioids. Methods: A national sample of 856 FNPs was invited to answer an online survey about their utilization of opioids and RMPs in treating CNMP. Results: One hundred sixty-eight FNPs responded (20% response rate), of whom 51.2% affirmed that they prescribe opioids for CNMP. Of the 86 FNPs who prescribe opioids, 66.7% said that less than 25% of their patients were receiving ongoing opioid therapy. The most frequently prescribed opioids were hydrocodone (77.9%) and oxycodone (58.1%). With respect to RMPs, 50 of the 86 opioid-prescribing FNPs (58.8%) reported using treatment contracts with their CNMP patients. Far fewer (20.9%) used formal screening tools to gauge the risk of opioid abuse and misuse. Most respondents (54.94%) reported using prescription monitoring programs, whereas only 33.0% reported using urine toxicology to monitor opioid use. Of the prescribing FNPs, 15.1% reported using abuse-deterrent opioid formulations. Age was found to be a correlate for prescribing opioids for CNMP, with those under 40 years of age less likely to use urine toxicology than those over 41 (45.2% vs. 4.2%; χ2(6) = 11.90, P = .06). Additionally, respondents who did not use treatment contracts reported significantly fewer years in practice (10.5 years, SD = 6.1) than those who did (13.6 years, SD = 1.54, df = 2.82, P = .02). Conclusions: Although RMPs are recommended for use in all CNMP patients receiving ongoing opioid therapy, FNPs do not consistently implement them. In the midst of the current opioid epidemic, FNPs must be vigilant about using appropriate opioid prescription practices.
Update of the BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Co-60 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 60Co to include the 2011 result of the CNEA (Argentina), the 2012 results of the BARC (India) and the NRC (Canada), and the 2014 result of the NIM (China)
Authors: Michotte C , Ratel G , Courte S , Arenillas P , Balpardo C , Joseph L , Anuradha R , Kulkarni D B , Galea R , Moore K , Stroak A , Zhang Ming , Liang Juncheng , Liu Haoran 
Published: November 2016

Since 2010, four national metrology institutes (NMI) have each submitted a sample of known activity of 60Co to the International Reference System (SIR) for activity comparison at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), with comparison identifier BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Co-60. The values of the activity submitted were between about 175 kBq and 1600 kBq. The primary standardization results for the CNEA, Argentina and the BARC, India replace their earlier result of 2003 and 2001, respectively. There are now seventeen results in the BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Co-60 comparison. The key comparison reference value (KCRV) has been updated using the power-moderated weighted mean. The degrees of equivalence between each equivalent activity measured in the SIR and the KCRV have been calculated and the results are given in the form of a table. A graphical presentation is also given.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
The final report for CCM.M-K7: key comparison of 5 kg, 100 g, 10 g, 5 g and 500 mg stainless steel mass standards
Authors: Lee Sungjun , Borys Michael , Abbott Patrick , Becerra Luis Omar , Eltawil Alaaeldin A , Jian Wang , Malengo Andrea , Medina Nieves , Snegov Victor , Wüthrich Christian , Scholz Frank 
Published: November 2016

In order to show equivalence in mass standards calibration among National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) of member countries of the "Comité international des poids et mesures" (CIPM), key comparisons (KC) of mass standards have been carried out under the auspices of the "Comité Consultatif pour la Masse et les Grandeurs Apparentées" (CCM). This key comparison of 5 kg, 100 g, 10 g, 5 g and 500 mg stainless steel mass standards was based on the decision of the CCM during the 12th meeting held in 2010 at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM). KRISS (Republic of Korea) and PTB (Germany) acted as pilot laboratory and co-pilot laboratory, respectively. The results were evaluated with the Monte Carlo method using measurement values based on participants' reference standards calculated following the recent BIPM amendments in 2015. Regarding participant results, VNIIM (100 g and 5 g) were not consistent with the key comparison reference values within their expanded uncertainties with the coverage factor, k = 2.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).