bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-sectional observational study of the availability of evidence supporting novel implantable devices used in gastrointestinal surgery
Authors: Chapman S J , Shelton B , Maruthappu M , Singh P , McCulloch P , Bhangu A 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Background
Evidence supporting the implementation of novel surgical devices is unstandardized, despite recommendations for assessing novel innovations. This study aimed to determine the proportion of novel implantable devices used in gastrointestinal surgery that are supported by evidence from RCTs.

Methods
A list of novel implantable devices placed intra-abdominally during gastrointestinal surgery was produced. Systematic searches were performed for all devices via PubMed and clinical trial registries. The primary outcome measure was the availability of at least one published RCT for each device. Published RCTs were appraised using the Cochrane tool for assessing risk of bias.

Results
A total of 116 eligible devices were identified (implantable mesh 42, topical haemostatics 22, antiadhesion barriers 10, gastric bands 8, suture and staple-line reinforcement 7, artificial sphincters 5, other 22). One hundred and twenty-eight published RCTs were found for 33 of 116 devices (28·4 per cent). Most were assessed as having a high risk of bias, with only 12 of 116 devices (10·3 per cent) supported by a published RCT considered to be low risk. A further 95 ongoing and 23 unpublished RCTs were identified for 42 of 116 devices (36·2 per cent), but many (64 of 116, 55·2 per cent) had no evidence from published, ongoing or unpublished RCTs. The highest stage of innovation according to the IDEAL Framework was stage 1 for 11 devices, stage 2a for 23 devices, stage 2b for one device and stage 3 for 33 devices. The remaining 48 devices had no relevant clinical evidence.

Conclusion
Only one in ten novel implantable devices available for use in gastrointestinal surgical practice is supported by high-quality RCT evidence.
Hybrid Catalysis: A Suitable Concept for the Valorization of Biosourced Saccharides to Value‐Added Chemicals
Authors: Gimbernat Alexandra , Guehl Marie , Capron Mickaël , Lopes Ferreira Nicolas , Froidevaux Renato , Girardon Jean‐Sébastien , Dhulster Pascal , Delcroix Damien , Dumeignil Franck 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThrough biomass valorization, sugars can become a major carbon resource for the production of fuels and chemicals by using catalysis. Hybrid catalysis, a direct combination of biocatalysis and chemocatalysis, may yield innovative solutions. 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF) is a platform molecule derived from glucose, for which fructose is a key intermediate. To overcome the thermodynamic enzymatic equilibrium between glucose and fructose, two methodologies based on hybrid catalysis are described herein. In the first method, the glucose isomerase and fructose‐to‐5‐HMF dehydration chemocatalysts are simultaneously implemented in a multiphasic way to imply the complexation and transport of fructose. The second method proposes a route through sorbitol, obtained by the hydrogenation of glucose. Sorbitol is then enzymatically converted into fructose, whereas regeneration of the cofactor is performed in situ with an organometallic complex as a chemocatalyst.
Effect of Atomic Vacancies on the Structure and the Electrocatalytic Activity of Pt‐rich/C Nanoparticles: A Combined Experimental and Density Functional Theory Study
Authors: Le Bacq Olivier , Pasturel Alain , Chattot Raphaël , Previdello Bruno , Nelayah Jaysen , Asset Tristan , Dubau Laetitia , Maillard Frédéric 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe present a joint experimental and density functional theory (DFT) study on the effect of atomic vacancies on the restructuring of platinum—transition metal alloy nanocatalysts and the associated changes in electrocatalytic activity. Atomic vacancies were introduced into slabs composed of pure Pt monolayers, and the structures were relaxed using the Vienna ab initio simulation package code. Effects of i) the concentration and ii) the spatial distribution of atomic vacancies in the slabs on surface and bulk restructuring were investigated. Highly disordered nanostructures featuring large variations of the in‐plane and out‐of‐plane nearest‐neighbour distances around the mean were observed upon relaxation. These findings were confirmed experimentally by using hollow PtNi/C nanoparticles synthesized by a combination of galvanic replacement and the nanoscale Kirkendall effect (a vacancy‐mediated interdiffusion mechanism). The experimental results also show that hollow PtNi/C nanoparticles feature a combination of oxophilic and oxophobic catalytic sites on their surface and are thus highly active both for electrochemical oxidation and reduction reactions.
Graphene and Their Hybrid Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting
Authors: Li Jiayuan , Zhao Zeqiong , Ma Yuanyuan , Qu Yongquan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWater electrolysis is considered a potentially practical technology for massive production of hydrogen with very high purity. Electrocatalytic water splitting achieved by graphene hybrids has been the subject of extensive investigations, in which graphene plays multiple roles as electroactive component and/or functionalized support. In this Minireview, we summarize the recent significant advances in graphene hybrid electrocatalyst development for water‐splitting, especially highlighting the design strategies of graphene hybrids and the roles of graphene as electrocatalyst and/or support. Finally, the remaining challenges and future perspectives on graphene hybrid electrocatalyst design for water‐splitting are also discussed.
Rheological, Thermodynamic, and Gas Solubility Properties of Phenylacetic Acid‐Based Deep Eutectic Solvents
Authors: Altamash Tausif , Atilhan Mert , Aliyan Amal , Ullah Ruh , Nasser Mustafa , Aparicio Santiago 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCholine chloride + phenylacetic acid‐based deep eutectic solvents are studied. Their most relevant experimental physicochemical properties at different mixing ratios together with the CO2 solubility data obtained in wide pressure and temperature ranges are reported. The presented materials exhibit a significant CO2 capture performance with low corrosion effect when compared with the most common amine‐based CO2 capture agents. Detailed rheological measurements are carried out and various models are applied to describe the dynamic flow behavior of the solvents. The CO2 absorption mechanism is evaluated by studying the behavior of the liquid gas and interface. Due to the advantages of low cost, nontoxicity, and favorable physical properties, these solvents are an environmentally promising alternative for effective CO2 capture technological applications.
Numerical Simulations of Solid Circulation Characteristics in an Internally Circulating Elevated Fluidized Bed
Authors: Hassan Muhammad , Schwarz M. Philip , Rafique Muhammad , Feng Yuqing , Liu Guodong , Witt Peter J. , Wang Shuai , Lu Huilin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA twin‐chamber internally circulating elevated fluidized bed (EFB) with one chamber elevated higher than the other within a single vessel is simulated using a two‐fluid model. Two EFB configurations termed as reaction chamber (RC)‐elevated and heat exchange chamber (HEC)‐elevated is evaluated. The effect of chamber elevation, variation of superficial velocities, and interchanging the two chambers are investigated and the results are quantified in terms of solid flux Gs. By increasing the RC gas velocity UR at constant HEC velocity UH, Gs is increased in both EFBs while an opposite behavior is observed by increasing UH at constant UR. Variation of the chamber elevation as well as interchanging the chambers also affects the performance of the two EFBs.
Changes in left ventricular function after spontaneous coronary artery dissection
Authors: Franco Christopher , Starovoytov Andrew , Heydari Milad , Mancini G.B. John , Aymong Eve , Saw Jacqueline 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundSpontaneous healing of spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) recovery is frequently observed clinically. However, LVEF on presentation and follow‐up imaging has not been described.HypothesisWe hypothesize that LV dysfunction improves at follow‐up after initial SCAD presentation.MethodsWe included patients with nonatherosclerotic SCAD prospectively followed at Vancouver General Hospital, who had baseline assessment of LVEF and wall‐motion abnormality (WMA) during their index presentation. A subset of these patients had repeat assessment of their ventricular function at follow‐up. We compared the baseline LVEF and WMA with follow‐up assessments and correlated to long‐term cardiovascular outcomes.ResultsWe included 277 SCAD patients who had baseline ventricular assessment performed. The average age was 52.4 ± 9.4 years, and 90.3% were female. All presented with myocardial infarction (24.2% STEMI, 75.8% NSTEMI). At baseline, the mean LVEF was 55.6% ± 9.1% and 72/277 (26.0%) had LVEF <50%. The presence of WMA was observed in 237/277 (85.6%) cases. Of 164 patients with repeat assessments, the baseline LVEF was 54.6% ± 9.2%, with improvement to 60.7% ± 7.2% at follow‐up (P < 0.001). Baseline LVEF of <50% was observed in 29.9%, but only 6.7% had LVEF <50% at follow‐up (P < 0.001). Baseline WMA was observed in 87.2% but decreased to 44.5% at follow‐up (P < 0.001). Multivariable analysis showed that presentation with STEMI (odds ratio [OR]: 2.71, P = 0.001), troponin I >50 µg/L (OR: 1.02, P = 0.005), and SCAD involvement of the LAD (OR: 2.5, P = 0.002) were independent predictors of baseline LVEF <50%.ConclusionsIn our large, prospectively followed SCAD cohort, the majority of patients presented with WMA and had relatively normal LVEF. Over half had subsequent normalization of WMA and LVEF on follow‐up assessment.
Single Molecular Junction Study on H2O@C60: H2O is “Electrostatically Isolated”
Authors: Kaneko Satoshi , Hashikawa Yoshifumi , Fujii Shintaro , Murata Yasujiro , Kiguchi Manabu 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA water molecule exhibits characteristic properties on the basis of hydrogen bonding. In the past decade, single water molecules placed in non‐hydrogen‐bonding environments have attracted growing attention. To reveal the fundamental properties of a single water molecule, endohedral fullerene H2O@C60 is an ideal and suitable model. We examined the electronic properties of H2O@C60 by performing single‐molecule measurements. The conductance of a single molecular junction based on H2O@C60 was found to be comparable to that of empty C60. The observed values were remarkably higher than those obtained for conventional molecular junctions due to the effective hybridization of the π‐conjugated system to the metal electrode. Additionally, the results undoubtedly exclude the possibility of electrostatic contact of entrapped H2O with the carbon wall of C60. We finally concluded that H2O entrapped inside a C60 cage can be regarded as an electrostatically isolated molecule.
An Improved Strategy for the Synthesis of Ethylene Glycol by Oxamate‐Mediated Catalytic Hydrogenation
Authors: Satapathy Anilkumar , Gadge Sandip T. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe present study reports an improved approach for the preparation of ethylene glycol (EG) by using carbon monoxide as C1 chemical by a two‐step oxidative carbonylation and hydrogenation sequence. In the first step, oxamates are synthesized through oxidative cross double carbonylation of piperidine and ethanol by using Pd/C catalyst under phosphine ligand‐free conditions and subsequently hydrogenated by Milstein's catalyst (carbonylhydrido[6‐(di‐t‐butylphosphinomethylene)‐2‐(N,N‐diethylaminomethyl)‐1,6‐dihydropyridine]ruthenium(II)). The presented stepwise oxamate‐mediated coupling provides the basis for a new strategy for the synthesis of EG by selective upgrading of C1 chemicals.
Cluster based resource allocation in two‐tier HetNets with hierarchical throughput constraints
Authors: Li Li , Zhou Zhaorong 
Published: February 2017

SummaryTwo‐tier heterogeneous networks (HetNets), formed by deploying small cell base stations (SBSs) over existing macrocells, can enhance the network performance in future fifth generation network. However, the cross‐/co‐tier interference in HetNets also will severely influence the user throughput of both tiers. In this paper, we investigate the resource allocation and interference mitigation problem in cluster based orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) two‐tier HetNets. In a typical cluster, one SBS is selected as the cluster head to allocate resources among all small cells to guarantee their throughput requirements. Hybrid access policy enables small cells to suppress the cross‐tier interference and earn additional revenue from macrocells, but it also leads to decrease of available resources for small cell users (SUs). To compensate hybrid access SBSs for their resources loss, we impose hierarchical SU throughput constraints on the optimization problem, which guarantee these small cells more resources than closed access ones. Besides, the cross‐tier interference constraint is also considered to protect the transmissions of macrocell users. Accordingly, a subgradient iteration based resource allocation algorithm is proposed. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm can satisfy SU throughput constraints of all small cells with different access policies and guarantee quality of service requirements of all accessed macrocell users in hybrid access small cells.
Performance comparison of dual‐hop hybrid decode‐or‐amplify‐forward relay schemes for M‐ary quadrature amplitude modulation burst transmission over Rayleigh fading channels
Authors: Woo Choongchae , Lim Sungmook , Ko Kyunbyoung 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThis paper shows the analytical performance expressions of M‐ary quadrature amplitude modulation burst symbol transmission for hybrid decode‐or‐amplify‐forward (HDAF) relay schemes over quasi‐static Rayleigh‐fading channels. First, we derive the probability density function of the received instantaneous signal‐to‐noise ratio as the simplified form, which is related to all the possible occurrence probabilities of error‐events for M‐ary quadrature amplitude modulation burst transmission. On the basis of the derived probability density function, we express average bit error probability, average symbol error probability, and average burst error rate as closed forms, which can be also applied to both amplify‐and‐forward and adaptive decode‐and‐forward (ADF) schemes. The analysis and simulation results show that HDAF scheme for burst transmission can achieve the performance of ADF scheme with symbol‐by‐symbol transmission, which is the achievable lower bound. Furthermore, the outage probability, the normalized channel capacity, and the goodput performance are also derived as closed forms. The analysis shows the superiority of HDAF scheme to ADF scheme. Comparison with simulations confirms that the derived analytical expressions are accurate over all signal‐to‐noise ratio regions and for different numbers of relays and modulation orders.
Resource efficiency of calcium silicate units
Authors: Lieblang Peter , Konrad Daniela , Vogdt Frank Ulrich , Schäfers Martin , Eden Wolfgang 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDue to the current importance of sustainability, the federal association of the calcium silicate masonry unit industry has taken intensive interest in the question of the resource efficiency of calcium silicate masonry units and construction and has carried out an extensive investigation to this end. The study subjected all stages of calcium silicate, from raw materials reserves and their extraction, production and use in building to recycling, including all transport routes and energy demands, to detailed analysis and critically examined the sustainability of calcium silicate blocks. The present article explains and evaluates the entire life cycle of calcium silicate masonry units.
Design according to Eurocode 6 in practice
Authors: Schermer Detleff 
Published: February 2017

AbstractFor the structural design of masonry according to Eurocode 6 with the associated German national annex, the simplified method and the further simplified calculation method in Annex A are available. These procedures provide tools that can be used in practice to design standard cases quickly and easily. One feature of the verification of masonry walls under compressive loading is that no bending moments in the walls have to be determined as part of the determination of section forces and moments since the verification of the load‐bearing capacity of the wall is based solely on the acting vertical force. The effects of floor end restraint and buckling are dealt with by simple equations. One new feature of verification according to Eurocode 6 is that the effect of partially supported floors on the load‐bearing capacity of the wall can be included directly. The code is compact and simple to use and the further simplified calculation method is predestined for verification by manual calculation.
Differential expression patterns of two delta‐9‐acyl‐CoA desaturases in Thitarodes pui (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) during different seasons and cold exposure
Authors: Min Qiang , Cheng Shiyu , Xi Jianfei , Xin Tianrong , Xia Bin , Zou Zhiwen 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThitarodes pui larvae have a limited distribution in the Tibetan Plateau and are the host of a parasitic fungus, Ophiocordyceps sinensis. Low temperature is a main environmental stress. However, understanding of T. pui cold adaptation mechanisms is insufficient. Delta‐9‐acyl‐CoA desaturase (D9D) is closely correlated with cold adaptation for many organisms. To further understand the cold adaptation processes in T. pui larvae, two D9Ds, TpdesatA and TpdesatB were sequenced, and expression patterns were investigated during different seasons and cold exposure (under 0°C) in the laboratory. The full lengths of two cDNAs are 1,290 bp and 1,603 bp, and the ORFs encode a polypeptide of 348 and 359 amino acids, respectively. Four transmembrane domains, three conserved histidine residues and five hydrophobic regions exist in these two sequences. The expression level of TpdesatA is up‐regulated in the long‐term cold exposure and negatively correlated with temperature in seasonal patterns. TpdesatB responds to cold temperature in short‐term cold exposure and positively corresponds temporarily in seasonal expression. Two D9Ds may have different substrate specificities, TpdesatA tends to use C16:0 and C18:0 as substrate while TpdesatB prefers C18:0. In conclusion, TpdesatA may play a very important role in T. pui cold tolerance and TpdesatB regulates function in short‐term cold exposure and content change of fatty acids in the body.
Vibrational analysis of implants and tissues: Calibration and mechanical spectroscopy of multi‐component materials
Authors: Shah Ruchit G. , DeVore Dale , Pierce Mark C. , Silver Frederick H. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSeveral new methods have been used to non‐destructively evaluate the mechanical properties of materials and tissues including magnetic resonance elastography, ultrasound elastography, optical coherence elastography, and various forms of vibrational analysis. One of the limitations of using these methods is the need to establish a relationship between the modulus measured using each new technique and moduli measured using well‐established techniques such as constant rate‐of‐strain and incremental stress–strain curves. In addition, there are no available methods for analyzing the mechanical properties of the individual components of multi‐component materials. In this article, we present data showing that there is a strong correlation (correlation coefficient >0.9) between the modulus measured using classical uniaxial tensile incremental stress–strain tests and those made using a combination of optical coherence tomography and vibrational analysis. Beyond this, we demonstrate that the moduli of the major structural components of pig skin can be measured using this technique. These results suggest that optical coherence tomography in concert with vibrational analysis can be used to measure the moduli of biological and implant materials without having to determine Poisson's ratio. In addition, each of the moduli of the major fibrous components of pig skin can be measured concurrently using this technique. These results may be useful in the characterization of synthetic implants and tissue derived materials without requiring removal of one or more components that are to be characterized. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1666–1671, 2017.
Functional analysis of bioactivated and antiinfective PDLLA – coated surfaces
Authors: Haidari Selgai , Boskov Marko , Schillinger Ulrike , Bissinger Oliver , Wolff Klaus‐Dietrich , Plank Christian , Kolk Andreas 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCommon scaffold surfaces such as titanium can have side effects; for example, infections, cytotoxicity, impaired osseointegration, or low regeneration rates for bone tissue. These effects lead to poor implant integration or even implant loss. Therefore, bioactive implants are promising instruments in tissue regeneration. Osteoinductive elements—such as growth factors and anti‐infectives—support wound healing and bone growth and thereby enable faster osseointegration, even in elderly patients. In this study, titanium surfaces were coated with a poly‐(d,l‐lactide) (PDLLA) layer containing different concentrations of copolymer‐protected gene vectors (COPROGs) to locally provide bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) or activated anti‐infective agents, such as chlorhexidine gluconate, triclosan, and metronidazole, to prevent peri‐implantitis. The coated titanium implants were then loaded with osteoblasts, NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, and human mesenchymal stem cells in 96‐well plates. When shielded by COPROGs as a protective layer and resuspended in PDLLA, BMP‐2‐encoding pDNA at relatively low doses (5.63 µg/implant) induced the local expression of BMP‐2. A linear dose dependence, which is common for recombinant growth factors, was not found, probably due to the retention property of the PDLLA surface. PDLLA, in general, successfully retains additional elements, such as osteoconductive growth factors (BMP‐2) and anti‐infective agents, which was demonstrated using metronidazole, and thus prevents the systemic application of excessive doses. These bioactive implant surfaces that provide the local release of therapeutic gene vectors or anti‐infective agents allow the controlled stimulation of the implant and scaffold osseointegration. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1672–1683, 2017.