bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Permanent Sovereignty vs. International Obligations
Authors: Simbolon Putu George Matthew , Yusro Mochammad Abizar , Taniady Vicko 
Published: October 2024

This research analyses Indonesia's policies related to downstreaming and restrictions on raw nickel exports that have caused international debate, especially the European Union which complained against Indonesia to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in Dispute Settlement 592 (DS-592). The study explores Indonesia's position as a WTO member that is being questioned for its policy of banning nickel ore exports to the European Union, and examines the DS-592 ruling in relation to the permanent sovereignty debate. This article uses a normative juridical method with doctrinal, comparative, and case approaches. The results show that Indonesia has permanent sovereignty over its nickel ore guaranteed by UN Resolution 1803. Therefore, Indonesia must exercise this sovereignty with due regard to international obligations. Indonesia should learn from China's export regulations as it prioritises export restriction policies rather than export bans. By applying China's approach, Indonesia can prevent the problems that occurred in DS 592. However, a series of nickel downstream policies implemented by Indonesia have violated the provisions of the WTO Agreement. This article also explains that the vacuum of the Appellate Body does not negate the EU's authority to retaliate against Indonesia. This article concludes that Indonesia must implement a policy determining the percentage of downstream nickel ore, as well as nickel ore that will be exported. This conclusion has resulted in the theoretical idea that no sovereignty can be exercised in violation of the country's international obligations. Thus, each country must be able to establish policies that can balance national interests with international obligations. KEYWORDS: Export Restrictions, International Obligations, Nickel Ore, Soverignty, WTO.
Sonographic Verification and Clinical Significance of the Features of Surrounding Structures in Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Skripnichenko E. A. , Lyalina V. V. , Pripisnova S. G. , Gоlubev V. G. 
Published: October 2024

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee joint is one of the most dangerous diseases, the most significant manifestation of which is chronic pain syndrome. There is a low correlation between the radiographic stage of OA and pain progression. First of all, this is a variety of pain syndromes, among which is the pathology of periarticular structures (AS). To date, the contribution of this type to the clinical picture of OA has been sufficiently studied, primarily due to the fact that the list and frequency of these lesions have not yet been described.Aim: to describe the basis of the main periarticular structures in patients with different radiographic stages of knee OA according to ultrasound data.Materials and methods: The observational study has currently included 88 patients who had an outpatient appointment with a rheumatologist for knee osteoarthritis between 2021 and 2023. The study assessed 110 knee joints using clinical and ultrasound techniques.Results: The most common periarticular ultrasound changes, regardless of radiographic stage, were pes anserine tendinopathy (57.3 %), Baker’s cyst (45.5 %), fibrosis of the severe Hoffa body (40 %) and ligamentopathy of the medial collateral ligament (36). ,4). %). A significant correlation was found between the number of changes according to ultrasound and the radiological stage (ρ=0.45 [95 % CI: 0.28, 0.59], p <0.001) as well as between the VAS and the definition of identified ultrasound changes (ρ= 0.29 [95 % CI: 0.11, p=0.002); In addition, it was shown that late stages of OA are associated with a greater content of changes (p <0.001).Conclusion: Changes in periarticular structures are present in most patients with knee osteoarthritis; their number correlates with the VAS value and radiographic stage of OA. Details of these changes, their clinical significance and pathogenetic contribution to the progression of knee OA require further study.
Numerical Simulation Model of the Infectious Diseases by Comparing Backward Euler Method and Adams-Bash forth 2-Step Method
Authors: Soomro Paras , Ahmed Israr , Soomro Faraz Ahmed , Mal Darshan 
Published: October 2024

In this work, the Backward Euler technique and the Adams-Bashforth 2-step method—two numerical approaches for solving the SIR model of epidemiology are compared for performance. An essential resource for comprehending the transmission of infectious illnesses like COVID-19 in the SIR model. While the explicit Adams-Bash forth 2-step approach is well known for its computing efficiency, the implicit Backward Euler method is noted for its stability. The study evaluates the accuracy, strength, and computing cost of the two approaches to determine which approach is best for simulating the spread of infectious illnesses. The SIR Model was easily solved using the Adams Bashforth 2-step analysis and the Backward Euler method. The approaches' solutions are close to the exact requirements. There are important distinctions between the two-step Adams Bashforth and backward Euler procedures. The running time of the Adams Bashforth 2-step backward Euler method is shorter than that of the backward Euler method.
Evaluating the association between COVID-19 transmission and mobility in Omicron outbreaks in China
Authors: Tsang Tim , Peng Liping , Ainslie Kylie , Huang Xiaotong , Cowling Benjamin , Wu Peng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background Prior research has suggested a positive correlation between human mobility and COVID-19 transmission at national or provincial levels, assuming constant correlations during outbreaks. However, the correlation strength at finer scales and potential changes in relationships during outbreaks have been scarcely investigated.Methods We gathered case and mobility data (within-city movement, inter-city inflow, and inter-city outflow) at the city level from Omicron outbreaks in mainland China between February and November 2022. For each outbreak, we calculated the time-varying effective reproduction number (Rt). Subsequently, we estimated the cross-correlation and rolling correlation between Rt and the mobility index, comparing them and identifying potential factors affecting these correlations.Results We identified 57 outbreaks during Omicron wave 1 (February to June) and 171 outbreaks during Omicron wave 2 (July to December). Cross-correlation estimates varied between waves, with values ranging from 0.64 to 0.71 in wave 1 and 0.45 to 0.46 in wave 2. Oscillation models best fit the rolling correlation for almost all outbreaks, and there were significant differences between extreme values of rolling correlation and cross-correlation. Additionally, we estimated a positive relationship between the GRI and rolling correlation during the pre-peak stage, turning negative during the post-peak stage.Conclusions Our findings suggest a positive relationship between Omicron transmission and mobility at the city level. However, significant fluctuations in their relationship, as demonstrated by rolling correlation, indicate that assuming a constant correlation between transmission and mobility may lead to inaccurate predictions or decisions when using mobility as a proxy for transmission intensity.
Estrogen-induced circFAM171A1 regulates sheep myoblasts proliferation through the oar-miR-485-5p/MAPK15/MAPK pathway
Authors: Chi Runqing , Liu Yufang , Wang Peng , Yang Fan , Wang Xiangyu , He Xiaoyun , Di Ran , Chu Mingxing 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Estrogen is an important hormone affecting muscle development in female animals. Studies have shown that estrogen can protect muscle cells from apoptosis by inhibiting MAPK signaling pathway. However, the molecular mechanisms by which estrogen-induced MAPK signaling regulates myoblasts growth and development remain unclear. In this study, RNA-seq was performed in the ovariectomized small-tailed Han (OR-STH) sheep and sham surgery small-tailed Han (STH) sheep groups to analyze the effect of estrogen on muscle growth and development in female animals. There were identified 8721 differentially expressed circRNAs (DECs), 143 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and 2238 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEGs) in the longissimus dorsi between the OR-STH and STH groups. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the differentially expressed gene MAPK15 was significantly enriched in the MAPK signaling pathway, which is important for muscle development. Therefore, we constructed the ceRNA network circFAM171A1/oar-miR-485-5p/MAPK15 and explored its effect on muscle growth and development. The results of molecular mechanism experiments indicated that circFAM171A1 could act as a sponge adsorbing oar-miR-485-5p to regulate MAPK15. Addition of the exogenous hormone estradiol (E2) to sheep myoblasts could induce circFAM171A1, regulate the expression of oar-miR-485-5p and MAPK15, and promote the proliferation of sheep myoblasts. The results showed that MAPK15 and circFAM171A1 significantly promoted proliferation of myoblasts and inhibited apoptosis of myoblasts in sheep, whereas oar-miR-485-5p inhibited expression of MAPK15 and circFAM171A1 and inhibited myoblast proliferation and promoted apoptosis. Furthermore, circFAM171A1 could attenuate the inhibitory effect of oar-miR-485-5p on myoblasts. In summary, estrogen induced the expression of circFAM171A1 in sheep myoblasts, and circFAM171A1 can act as a sponge for oar-miR-485-5p to promote the expression of the target gene, MAPK15, and finally regulated the proliferation of sheep myoblasts. This study provided new insights for molecular mechanism of estrogen regulation on muscle growth and development in female animals.
Using the Focus Group Technique to Explore Attitudes and Knowledge of Recreational Cannabis Regulation in Mexico
Authors: Paredes Jesús Manuel Icedo , Villarreal-Peralta Edna María , Salgado-Beltran Lizbeth 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Amidst the ongoing global discourse on cannabis legalization, this study focuses on public perception and attitudes towards its sale in Mexico prior to regulation. The research aimed to understand how citizens perceive cannabis and their opinions on its legalization. Utilizing focus groups as a qualitative methodology, data was gathered from eight residents of Hermosillo, Sonora, aged 18 and above. Participants shared diverse insights into cannabis uses, both recreational and medicinal, and expressed varying views on its commercialization and the benefits of electronic marketing. Results highlighted a consensus on individual rights to cannabis consumption and emphasized the need for balanced regulations to mitigate associated risks. While participants showed concerns about excessive use and potential health effects, they also recognized therapeutic and economic benefits. In conclusion, the study underscores the importance of informed regulation to ensure responsible cannabis use and maximize its potential benefits.
Effect of cerebral sinus venous thrombosis and its location on cerebral blood flow: a [15O]water PET study in acute stroke patients compared to healthy volunteers
Authors: Harloff Andreas , Blazhenets Ganna , Fostitsch Johannes , Strecker Christoph , Dersch Rick , Mayerhofer Ernst , Meyer Philipp T. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: Symptoms in acute cerebral sinus venous thrombosis (CSVT) are highly variable, ranging from headaches to fatal stroke, and the basis for this high inter-individual variability is poorly understood. We assessed whether acute CSVT significantly alters regional cerebral blood flow (CBF), if findings differ from CBF patterns know from large-artery occlusion in stroke, and whether the pattern of CBF alterations depends on clot location.
Results: Retrospective analysis of 12 patients with acute CSVT 10.6 ± 4.6 days after symptom onset and ten healthy volunteers who underwent [15O]water PET (two scans each, 300 ± 14 MBq [15O]water). Static image datasets (15-75 seconds after injection; normalized to cerebellum) reflecting relative CBF (rCBF) were analyzed using voxel- and region-of-interest-based analysis (AAL3-atlas). We mirrored datasets of patients with left-sided CSVT to harmonize the affected hemisphere.
Seven and five patients showed right- and left-sided CSVT, respectively. The superior sagittal sinus (SSS) was involved in 8/12 patients. CSVT patients had extensive rCBF deficits in the voxel-based analysis with accentuation in the right frontal cortex and caudate nucleus compared to controls, which were most pronounced in cortical areas in those with involvement of the SSS (8/12), and in subcortical areas in those without involvement of the SSS (4/12; p<0.05, false discovery rate corrected). ROI-analysis demonstrated significant frontal (p=0.014) and caudate nucleus (p=0.011) rCBF deficits driven by patients with and without SSS occlusion, respectively.
Conclusions: [15O]water PET was able to visualize characteristic patterns of impaired rCBF, which were different from intracranial large-artery occlusion in acute ischemic stroke, and exhibited substantial rCBF alterations depending on the involvement of the SSS. Our findings provide novel insights into the effects of disturbed venous drainage on CBF in acute CSVT, which may aid in understanding the pathophysiology, and guide future therapy of acute CSVT.
Multiple Machine Learning Methods Identified RRAGD as Novel Biomarkers for Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Meng Hang , Li Ziqiang , Sun Yong , Song Bangyin , Song Tao , Zhai Jing , Li Bo , Zou Weilong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor worldwide, usually developing from cirrhosis. Distinguishing biomarkers between HCC and liver cirrhosis is crucial and limited. Disulfidptosis is a recently discovered form of cell death, and it has important prognostic value for various tumors. The mechanism of disulfidptosis in HCC and liver cirrhosis is still unclear
Methods
RNA sequencing data and single-cell sequencing data related to HCC and liver cirrhosis were applied for high dimensional weighted gene co-expression network analysis (hdWGCNA) and Weighted co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) methods. These methods were used for analysis of disulfidptosis related to HCC and liver cirrhosis. A diagnostic model was constructed based on machine learning. Moreover, in vitro assays demonstrated the influence of RRAGD on disulfidptosis of HCC cells.
Results
Applying machine learning methods, we found 7 disulfidptosis-related genes in HCC and liver cirrhosis, including FXN, HSPA1A, AGPAT2, CCND1, RRAGD, SUSD4 and DKK4. These disulfidptosis-related genes in HCC and liver cirrhosis may be used for diagnosis of HCC and liver cirrhosis. RRAGD was significantly up-regulated in both HepG2 and Huh7 cells. RRAGD knockdown induced disulfidptosis of HCC cells under glucose starvation and SLC7A11 overexpression.
Conclusion
Multiplex analysis based on DRGs correlated strongly with HCC and liver cirrhosis, providing new insights for developing clinical diagnosis tools and designing immunotherapy regimens for HCC and liver cirrhosis patients.
The Association between Surgical Margins and Local Recurrence in Women with ductal carcinoma in situ treated with Breast Conserving Therapy: observational study
Authors: Naowaset Puttiporn 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The incidence of DCIS (DCIS) constitutes 25% of the newly identified breast cancers. Approximately 35% of DCIS cases are detected in asymptomatic women during routine mammography screening. The 20-year breast-cancer-specific mortality rate was 3.3%. Breast-conserving surgery(BCS), followed by radiotherapy, is the treatment of choice. However, an adequate margin for BCS remains unclear. Therefore, we need to investigate the relationship between the margin distance and cancer recurrence.
Methods
A total of 4,355 patients with DCIS were assessed between January 1, 2010, and January 31, 2020. Of these, 4,123 patients who had invasive ductal carcinomaco-existing DCIS and who were treated with mastectomy were excluded. Thus, 232 patients with pure DCIS treated with BCS were included. All distant radial margins were measured.
Results
A total of 232 patients with DCIS underwent breast-conserving surgery,169 patients received whole breast radiotherapy, and 63 did not. Most patients received hormone therapy, and as indicated, the median follow-up was 73 months.
Recurrence was observed in seven patients. Among them, four had margins less than 2 mm, while the others had margins > 2 mm. There were no significant differences in disease-free survival (DFS) among the margin statuses.
Conclusion
Margins wider than 2 mm did not demonstrate a reduction in local recurrence for women receiving adjuvant whole-breast radiation therapy, supporting the recommendation of a negative margin threshold for surgical management of DCIS.
30-Days Spirometry Holter - method design and prospective, observational study
Authors: Korczyński Piotr , Basza Mikołaj , Górska Katarzyna , Soliński Mateusz , Dąbrowiecki Piotr , Kowalczyk Weronika , Kołtowski Łukasz 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Asthma underdiagnosis and overdiagnosis remain significant problems for healthcare systems worldwide and indicate considerable pain points with current guidelines and diagnostic methods; therefore, new, targeted approaches seem crucial. This study introduces a novel spirometry-based approach using digital tools for objective asthma diagnosis.
Methods
This was a single-centre (Warsaw Medical University, Poland), prospective cohort study. It included adults with suspected asthma per GINA 2020, without confirmed obstruction in ambulatory spirometry. Patients were equipped and trained with a portable spirometer with built-in manoeuvre quality features AioCare® (HealthUp, Poland). The protocol included twice-daily spirometry examinations over four weeks and symptom reporting in the mobile app. The number of obstructions detected, probability of finding obstruction over time, spirometry values' variability, technical correctness, and reported symptoms were evaluated.
Results
26 patients enrolled (14 females, mean age 37.6 y.o., BMI 24.7 kg/m^2), with a primary outcome of observed obstruction in 42% of participants (3,08 per patient, 95%CI: 0.78–5.37). The detection probability of obstruction plateaued at 100% within the first 21 days of monitoring. Diurnal PEF and FEV1 variability were exceeded (≥ 10%) in 73% and 66% of patients, respectively. 88% of participants performed over half of their tests correctly. 85% of patients reported symptoms at least once.
Conclusions
The Spirometry Holter is a novel and feasible tool for monitoring airway limitation variability in line with GINA guidelines. It shows promise in objectively confirming asthma diagnoses in treatment-naive patients lacking documented prior obstruction.
Initial Experience of Single-port Robotic assisted Laparoscopic Ureteroureterostomy In Infant Duplex Systems with Upper Urinary Tract
Authors: Guo Yunkai , Gao Heyun , Zhang Wen , Li Geng , Hu Tao , Du Guowei , Liu Yifan , Yang Kun , Yu Shanzhen , Luo Mingshuang , Qin Zhenfang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose Robotic assisted laparoscopic single port surgery (R-LSPS) has attracted more and more attention as its safety and stably function, and the patients demand for less scars after surgery. Due to the limitation of operating space in infant, there is no report about R-LSPS ureteroureterostomy before. We present the experience of R-LSPS ureteroureterostomy by Da Vinci Xi in 5 infant.
Methods The clinical data of 5 infants of duplex kidney with upper urinary tract treated by R-LSPS ureteroureterostomy were collected from December 2021 to December 2023. All cases were female, aged 0.8-3.2 months (mean age 1.6± 1.0 months). The body measurements, operation time, bleeding loss, complications, length of hospitalization and other indexes were recorded. Doppler ultrasound, urine routine and urine culture were regularly rechecked after operation. The follow-up time was 6-29 months.
Results The operation were done with the DaVinci Xi system. We made a 2.5-3cm incision at the lower edge of the umbilicus, inserted the a Gelport™ device without use of additional ports. Median operation time was 124.4±21.8min, median hospital stay time was 7.6±2.7 days (D), median bleeding volume was 9.0±4.2 ml. One infant had urine leak, with the sufficient drainage, the drainage tube was removed on the 8th day after surgery, on postoperative follow-up there was no ureteral stenosis. There were no complications observed on follow-up. Wounds recovered well at follow-up.
Conclusion R-LSPS ureteroureterostomy is safe and feasible in infant duplex systems with upper urinary tract.
Compartmentalised mucosal and blood immunity to SARS-CoV-2 associated with high seroprevalence before Delta wave in Africa
Authors: JAGNE YA JANKEY , Jobe Dawda , Darboe Alansana , Danso Madikoi , Barratt Natalie , Gomez Marie , Wenlock Rhys , Jarju Sheikh , Sylva Ellen , Touray Aji Fatou , Toure Fatoumata , Kumado Michelle , Saso Anja , Zafred Domen , Nicklin Martin , Sayers Jon , Hornsby Hailey , Lindsey Benjamin , Sesay Abdul , Temperton Nigel James , Kucharski Adam , Hodgson David , de Silva Thushan , Kampmann Beate 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The reported number of SARS-CoV-2 cases and deaths are lower in Africa compared to many high-income countries. However, in African cohorts, detailed characterisation of SARS-CoV-2 mucosal and T cell immunity are limited. We assessed SARS-CoV-2-specific immune landscape in The Gambia pre-Delta variant in July 2021.
Methods
A cross-sectional assessment of SARS-CoV-2 immunity in 349 unvaccinated individuals from 52 Gambian households was performed between March - June 2021. SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) specific binding antibodies were measured by ELISA, variant-specific serum neutralizing-antibodies (NAb) by viral pseudotype assays and nasal fluid IgA by mesoscale discovery assay. SARS-CoV-2 T-cell responses were evaluated using ELISpot assay.
Results
We show that adjusted seroprevalence of anti-Spike antibodies was 56.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) 49.0–64.0), which was lower in children < 5 years (26.2%, 13.9–43.8) and 5–17 years (46.4%, 36.2–56.7) compared to adults 18–49 years (78.4%, 68.8–85.8). In spike-seropositive individuals, NAb titres were highest to Alpha variant (median IC50 110), with 27% showing pre-existing Delta variant titres > 1:50. Whilst T-cell responses were significantly higher in spike-seropositive individuals, 34% of spike-seronegative showed reactivity to one or more T-cell antigen pools. Strong correlations within SARS-CoV-2 T-cell, mucosal IgA, and serum NAb responses was observed.
Conclusion
High SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in The-Gambia induced mucosal and blood immunity, reducing Delta and Omicron impact. Children were relatively protected from infection. T-cell responses in seronegative individuals may indicate either pre-pandemic cross-reactivity or individuals with a T-cell dominated response to SARS-CoV-2 infection with absent or poor humoral responses.