bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross pathogenicity, host range and molecular characteristics of Fusarium oxysporum species complex populations isolated from tobacco in Jilin Province, China
Authors: Xie Zhao , Li Huanyu , Gao Chong , Wang Jun , Zhang Xiaoyan , Lu Baohui , Yang Lina , Zhang Yanjing , Gao Jie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFusarium wilt of tobacco (FWT) is a globally significant disease responsible for major losses in tobacco yield and quality. A total of 320 Fusarium oxysporum species complex (FOSC) isolates derived from five tobacco‐growing regions in Jilin province, China, have been confirmed as the predominant pathogens causing FWT, including F. tobaccum, F. cugenangense, F. odoratissimum and F. foetens. In this study, the results indicated that differences in the virulence of the representative isolates from tobacco from the same Fusarium species were significant. Aside from infecting tobacco, the virulence of these representative FOSC isolates differed on chilli and other crops, and they were not pathogenic or were weakly pathogenic to a further 20 crops. Six strains of formae speciales (ff. sp.) of F. oxysporum had the strongest virulence on their original hosts and were not or weakly pathogenic to tobacco. Joint analysis of the pg1‐pg5‐pgx1‐pgx4 genes indicated that 21 isolates of F. cugenangense were divided into four branches, which were clustered with different ff. sp. of F. oxysporum; five isolates of F. foetens were clustered in a branch with f. sp. fragariae, which were not pathogenic to strawberries; six isolates of F. tobaccum and five isolates of F. odoratissimum comprised independent branches and did not cluster with any other f. sp. of F. oxysporum. In sum, none of the FOSC isolates causing FWT in Jilin exhibited tobacco specificity. Our findings further confirmed that FOSC isolates from tobacco could be distinguished into F. tobaccum, F. cugenangense, F. odoratissimum and F. foetens.
Control of rhizomania in sugar beet—A success story made possible by resistance breeding
Authors: Benjes Kristin , Varrelmann Mark , Liebe Sebastian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe economic success of sugar beet production depends largely on the control of various pathogens and pests. Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) has historically been a major threat to sugar beet growers because of the high yield losses and the fact that the virus is transmitted by a soilborne protist vector that cannot be controlled. Resistance breeding began after the disease was first described in 1959 and led to the identification of two monogenic resistance genes. Rz1 was the first resistance gene to be introduced into all varieties, enabling sugar beet production under high disease pressure. However, the widespread use of a single resistance gene resulted in high selection pressure on the virus population. As a result, resistance‐breaking of Rz1 was first reported in the early 2000s in the United States and later in many other countries. The mechanism of resistance‐breaking is based on mutations in the viral pathogenicity factor P25 and the presence of an additional RNA5 species. The second resistance gene being used in breeding is Rz2, which is based on a different resistance mechanism and is highly effective at sites where Rz1 has been overcome by the virus. In addition, Rz2 was the first rhizomania resistance gene to be cloned, and the triple gene block I of BNYVV was identified as the corresponding avirulence gene. This article highlights that resistance breeding has been key to the control of rhizomania, but history also shows that re‐emergence of the disease due to resistance‐breaking remains a permanent threat.
Why Teach Hebrew Bible, New Testament, and Qur'an to Undergraduate US University Students?
Authors: Sabbath Roberta 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIntroducing students to the similarities and connections among the Hebrew Bible, New Testament, and Qur'an is a means to introduce students to a shared source of humanity, beauty, wisdom, and solace. This article outlines a literature class that uses comparatist strategies to introduce these three foundational religious texts as literary works. Figural and thematic strategies reveal the development of stories, characters, ideas, and values. Cultural studies strategies demonstrate the profound effects that the texts have had on our notions about our relationships and responsibilities to ourselves, our families, and our world. Students report a better understanding of their own spiritualties, a greater acceptance of their own identities, and an increased appreciation of the diversity of their communities.
Overexpression of plant chitin receptors in wheat confers broad‐spectrum resistance to fungal diseases
Authors: Wang Lirong , He Yi , Guo Ge , Xia Xiaobo , Dong Yifan , Zhang Yicong , Wang Yuhua , Fan Xing , Wu Lei , Zhou Xinli , Zhang Zhengguang , Li Gang 
Published: September 2024

SUMMARYWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a globally staple crop vulnerable to various fungal diseases, significantly impacting its yield. Plant cell surface receptors play a crucial role in recognizing pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and activating PAMP‐triggered immunity, boosting resistance against a wide range of plant diseases. Although the role of plant chitin receptor CERK1 in immune recognition and defense has been established in Arabidopsis and rice, its function and potential agricultural applications in enhancing resistance to crop diseases remain largely unexplored. Here, we identify and characterize TaCERK1 in Triticeae crop wheat, uncovering its involvement in chitin recognition, immune regulation, and resistance to fungal diseases. By a comparative analysis of CERK1 homologs in Arabidopsis and monocot crops, we demonstrate that AtCERK1 in Arabidopsis elicits the most robust immune response. Moreover, we show that overexpressing TaCERK1 and AtCERK1 in wheat confers resistance to multiple fungal diseases, including Fusarium head blight, stripe rust, and powdery mildew. Notably, transgenic wheat lines with moderately expressed AtCERK1 display superior disease resistance and heightened immune responses without adversely affecting growth and yield, compared to TaCERK1 overexpression transgenics. Our findings highlight the significance of plant chitin receptors across diverse plant species and suggest potential strategies for bolstering crop resistance against broad‐spectrum diseases in agricultural production through the utilization of plant immune receptors.
Impact of Neurotransmitters on the Fatty Acid Composition and the Pigments of the Green Microalga Scenedesmus quadricauda
Authors: Cao B. , Chivkunova O. B. , Solovchenko A. E. , Lobakova E. S. , Oleskin A. V. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Apart from their functions in the nervous system of animals, neurotransmitters operate as regulatory agents and signals in diverse kingdoms of life. Some neurotransmitters have recently been revealed to exert specific effects on microalgae, predominantly functioning as algal growth stimulators. This article presents new data on the effects of such neurotransmitters as serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, histamine, and acetylcholine on the fatty acid and pigment composition of the green microalga Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turp.) Breb. K-1149. It was established that acetylcholine and, to a lesser extent, histamine increased the total fatty acid content of S. quadricauda cells, whereas serotonin and dopamine decreased the fatty acid content. Acetylcholine, histamine, and norepinephrine elevated the percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids; in contrast, serotonin and dopamine increased the share of saturated fatty acids. Acetylcholine and, to a lesser extent, norepinephrine increased the total chlorophyll content per gram of dry weight in S. quadricauda, while histamine decreased the chlorophyll content. Histamine also increased the chlorophyll a/chlorophyll b and carotenoid/chlorophyll ratios, which were decreased by dopamine. The data obtained are of biotechnological and ecological interest. The stimulation of fatty acid accumulation and the increase in the percentage of polyunsaturated species was caused by the neurotransmitters acetylcholine and histamine at low (1–10 μM) concentrations, which potentially enables facilitating the biotechnological production of health-promoting preparations for therapeutic and cosmetic purposes. However, other neurotransmitters (dopamine and serotonin) tested increased the relative content of saturated fatty acids; therefore, they apparently can be used to stimulate biofuel production, since saturated fatty acid-rich lipids are advantageous raw materials for biodiesel production. The impact of neurotransmitters on microalgal fatty acid composition and photosystem components may be considered in terms of ongoing chemical interaction between microalgae and other aquatic ecosystem components that are known to produce neurotransmitters.
The Effect of Space Flight Factors on the Interaction of Escherichia coli with Bacteriophage T7
Authors: Sykilinda N. N. , Lukyanova A. A. , Lavrikova V. V. , Kutnik I. V. , Panin N. V. , Staritsyn N. A. , Miroshnikov K. A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
For the first time, data on the effect of space flight factors on the interaction of a bacteriophage with a host bacterium have been obtained. The research was carried out on the Russian segment of the ISS using the E. coli—bacteriophage T7 model system. It was found that the lysis of cells by bacteriophage in space experiments, which were carried out in the first 2 days of exposure to microgravity on microorganisms, was 1.5 times faster than in terrestrial ones. With a longer exposure to microgravity on E coli, they acquired resistance to bacteriophage T7, which persisted for 2 days after returning to Earth. Sensitivity to the bacteriophage was fully restored by 4–5 days after the return of cells from the ISS.
Engineering of Recombinant Endolysin LysSi3 to Increase its Antibacterial Properties
Authors: Antonova N. P. , Grigoriev I. V. , Lendel A. M. , Usacheva O. V. , Klimova A. A. , Usachev E. V. , Gushchin V. A. , Vasina D. V. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The potential of new genetically modified recombinant endolysins as antimicrobial agents against Gram-negative bacteria was investigated. A series of enzymes based on LysSi3 lysozyme-like muramidase was obtained by modifying its sequence with antimicrobial peptides of different families, and recombinant expression in E. coli was demonstrated. Modification of LysSi3 resulted in increased bacteriolytic activity against the model isolate of A. baumannii and a higher kinetics rate compared to the native enzyme. The cytotoxic properties of the newly engineered lysins were investigated with the HEK293 and HaCaT cell lines, and it was shown that modification of LysSi3 with antimicrobial peptides does not significantly increase the toxic properties in vitro.
Development of a Bio-Selecting Agent Based on Immobilized Bacterial Cells with Amidase Activity for Bio-Detection of Acrylamide
Authors: Protasova E. M. , Maksimova Yu. G. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Actinobacteria cells Rhodococcus erythropolis 4-1 and Rhodococcus erythropolis 11-2 and Proteobacteria Alcaligenes faecalis 2, which have amidase activity, were immobilized by entrapping barium alginate and agarose into the gel structure, as well as by obtaining biofilms on thermally expanded graphite (TEG). The operational stability of such immobilized biocatalysts after storage in frozen and dehydrated form was determined, and a prototype of a conductometric acrylamide biosensor based on such a bioselective agent was developed. The most preferred method for storing immobilized cells was freezing at temperatures from –20 to –80°C; long-term storage is also possible wet at 4–25°C. It was shown that these cells were most preferable for the biodetection of acrylamide A. faecalis 2, immobilized in an agarose gel structure. An agarose gel with bacterial cells immobilized in its structure had greater mechanical strength and stability during successive cycles of conversion of acrylamide into acrylic acid compared to barium alginate gel. The mechanical strength of barium alginate gel can be enhanced by the addition of carbon nanomaterials during cell immobilization. Growing biofilms on carbon materials used for manufacturing electrodes is also promising. Biofilms of R. erythropolis 11-2 on TEG are capable of converting acrylamide into acrylic acid in more than 20 reaction cycles while maintaining at least 50% amidase activity.
An Inducible Whole-Cell Biosensor for Detection of Formate Ions
Authors: Cherenkova A. A. , Yuzbashev T. V. , Melkina O. E. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Ten strains of the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica were constructed, the genomes of which contain the hrGFP gene under regulation of the formate dehydrogenase promoters. The resulting strains can act as whole-cell biosensors for the detection of formate ions in various media. By visual assessment of the biomass fluorescence, we selected the three most promising yeast strains. The main biosensor characteristics (threshold sensitivity, amplitude, and response time) of the selected strains were measured. As a result, in terms of characteristics, the B26 strain was recognized as the most suitable for the detection of formate ions. A carbon source for the nutrient medium that does not reduce the activation of the biosensor was selected. Furthermore, we showed that unlike formate and formaldehyde, methanol practically does not induce the biosensor fluorescence response.
Short-Range Order in Gallium Solid Solutions in α-Iron
Authors: Ershov N. V. , Kleinerman N. M. , Gornostyrev Yu. N. , Lukshina V. A. , Shishkin D. A. , Timofeeva A. V. , Naumov S. P. , Svirid A. E. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Short-range order in soft magnetic FeGa alloys containing from 3 to 25 at % Ga was studied using nuclear gamma resonance (Mössbauer) spectroscopy. The Mössbauer spectra were analyzed via fitting with subspectra corresponding to different configurations of the neighborhoods of the Fe atoms with Ga in the first and second coordination shells. It has been shown that in samples of alloys containing from 3 to 17 at % gallium, the short-range order is almost independent of the heat treatment conditions (quenching from a paramagnetic state or exposure in a ferromagnetic state) and is characterized by the presence of pairs of Ga atoms in the position of the second neighbors (B2-type clusters). At a Ga content of 17 to 21 at %, the portion of B2 clusters turns out to be significantly higher after quenching than after annealing, which correlates with the observed effect of heat treatment on the magnitude of magnetostriction. As the Ga concentration (21–25 at %) further increases, the observed features in the distribution of Ga atoms indicate the appearance and growth of D03 phase regions.
Wigner Function Method for Describing Electromagnetic Field in Plasma-Like Media with Spatial Dispersion and Resonant Dissipation
Authors: Gospodchikov E. D. , Balakin A. A. , Shalashov A. G. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The paper gives a systematic presentation of the Wigner function method (Weyl formalism) for modeling the propagation and absorption of electromagnetic waves in anisotropic and gyrotropic dissipative media with spatial dispersion. A general kinetic equation for the Wigner function (tensor) is formulated, and its asymptotic expansion up to the second order for smoothly inhomogeneous and weakly dissipative media is constructed. As a result, a modification of the method of the kinetic equation for rays is proposed, based on the stochastic description of rays, making it possible to increase the accuracy of numerical modeling of wave problems with strong transverse inhomogeneity of the absorption coefficient without increasing the amount of calculations. The technique developed can be used to describe the propagation, absorption, and scattering of electron-cyclotron waves in high-temperature plasma of magnetic traps for controlled fusion in cases where standard modeling methods do not provide the necessary accuracy.
Comparative Results of Staged and Simultaneous Bilateral Carotid Endarterectomy: A Clinical Study and Surgical Treatment
Authors: Dimakakos Panos B. , Kotsis Thomas E. , Tsiligiris Basil , Antoniou Aris , Mourikis Dimitris 
Published: September 2024

Objective: Bilateral carotid stenoses are actually managed by staged endarterectomy. The present study compares the results of the above surgical procedure with simultaneous bilateral carotid endarterectomy. Methods: Sixty-four carotid endarterectomies were carried out on two groups of thirty-two patients with bilateral carotid stenoses. Fifteen patients (group A) were subjected to staged and 17 patients (group B) who were subjected to simultaneous bilateral carotid endarterectomies. Results: The mortality rate was zero in both groups; no statistically significant difference was found concerning complications related to the heart, neurological deficit and postoperative hypertension. Conclusions: Simultaneous carotid endarterectomy is a challenging and technically demanding operation but with limited indications in strictly selected patients. The development of methods of more effective monitoring and protection of the cerebral cells might broaden the indications of such a surgical tactic in the future. Staged carotid endarterectomy, however, remains the method of choice for the management of bilateral carotid occlusive disease.
The Effect of Intraoperative Autotransfusion on Antibiotic Pharmacokinetics during Elective Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair
Authors: Aiono S. , Stacey A. , Magee T. R. , Galland R. B. 
Published: September 2024

Aim: Blood loss during aortic surgery has been reduced by the use of cell-salvage techniques (CS). Antibiotics are used routinely to prevent prosthetic graft infection. The influence of CS on antibiotic levels is unknown. This study measured antibiotic levels in serum and cell-salvage fluid during aortic reconstruction. Methods: Teicoplanin, a glycopeptide with activity against Gram positive bacteria was the antibiotic studied. Serial blood levels were measured after a single intravenous dose (400 mg) in five patients undergoing elective aortic aneurysm repair. Patient ages ranged from 67 to 82 yr. Cell-salvage (Dideco compact A75171) fluid was also assayed. Setting: District General Hospital Results: Serum teicoplanin levels peaked at mean 67.8 mg/l (SD 8.9 mg/l) 5 min after administration, and fell to mean 2.88 mg/l (SD 0.4 mg/l) at 720 min. This is less than levels in healthy volunteers but above the MIC90 for most Gram positive bacterial pathogens encountered in aortic surgery. Teicoplanin levels in discarded CS fluid at the end of the procedure were 0.56 mg/l (SD 0.71 mg/l). Conclusions: Teicoplanin blood levels are reduced during aortic surgery. Levels remain adequate for antibacterial prophylaxis for 12 h postoperatively other than for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE). Compared with patients undergoing arterial reconstruction without the use of a cell-salvage device there is no significant loss due to CS use.
Impact of Malignant Hematological Disorders on Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Christiansen S. , Schmid C. , Löher A. , Scheld H. H. 
Published: September 2024

Background: Patients suffering from malignant hematological disorders may be at increased risk, when undergoing cardiac surgery. We report on our experiences with ten cardiac procedures in nine patients (3 males, 6 females. 19–85 yr old, mean age 61 yr). Methods and Results: There were two patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma and one patient each with Waldenström's syndrome, multiple myeloma, polycythemia, myelodysplasia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and idiopathic aplastic anemia. Cardiac diseases included coronary artery disease in six, aortic stenosis in two, and mitral insufficiency in one patient. Consecutively, cardiac procedures were coronary artery bypass grafting in six, aortic valve replacement in two, and mitral valve replacement in one patient. No patient died. Postoperatively, one patient suffered from a pericardial tamponade requiring surgical removal and 5 months later from a prosthetic endocarditis necessitating change of the bioprosthesis. One patient developed a superficial wound infection, which was treated conservatively. Four patients received no blood products. Altogether, we transfused 32 packed red blood cells, seven units of fresh frozen plasma and 16 platelet concentrates. Total drainage loss was 883 ml (250–1510 ml). Conclusions: Cardiac surgery in patients suffering from malignant hematological disorders may be performed, but carries an increased morbidity. Therefore, indications for cardiac procedures must be carefully considered.
Congenital Division of the Left Atrium: The Influence of Associated Congenital Lesions on the Timing and Mode of Presentation
Authors: Alkhulaifi Abdul M. , Serraf Alain , Lacour-Gayet François , Belli Emre , Planché Claude 
Published: September 2024

Purpose of study: Congenital division of an atrium is commonly associated with other cardiac malformations, which may influence presentation. Basic methods: Cases diagnosed at our institution between 1980 and 1997 were reviewed, to determine whether associated lesions influence presentation. Principle findings: 52 patients were diagnosed with atrial division (49 left. 3 right), mean age 4.8 yr. Patients could be divided according to age at diagnosis. Group 1: 32 patients aged ≤ 1 yr. 14 patients had associated cardiac malformations other than atrial septat defect (ASD). Presentation was with pulmonary oedema. Group 2: 20 patients > 1 yr. 5 patients had associated major malformations other than ASD Commonest presentation — Isolated shortness of breath. Fifty patients underwent membrane resection and correction of associated anomalies (4% mortality) At follow-up (mean 12 yr) all patients were in NYHA class 1 or 11. Conclusions: Patients with division of the atrium present early in infancy and with more severe symptoms when associated with other cardiac malformations.