bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MED12 mutations and NOTCH signalling in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: Wu Bian , Słabicki Mikołaj , Sellner Leopold , Dietrich Sascha , Liu Xiyang , Jethwa Alexander , Hüllein Jennifer , Walther Tatjana , Wagner Lena , Huang Zhiqin , Zapatka Marc , Zenz Thorsten 
Published: August 2017

SummaryMutations in the N‐terminus of MED12 protein occur at high frequency in uterine leiomyomas and breast fibroepithelial tumours, and are frequently found in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). MED12 mutations have been previously linked to aberrant Cyclin C‐CDK8 kinase activity, but the exact oncogenic function in CLL is unknown. Here, we characterized MED12 mutations in CLL and identified recurrent mutations in 13 out of 188 CLL patients (6·9%), which clustered in the N‐terminus. MED12 mutations were associated with unmutated IGHV (P = 0·024). Protein analysis of NOTCH1 in primary CLL samples revealed increased levels of NOTCH1 intracellular domain (NICD), the active form of NOTCH1, in the context of MED12 mutations. We found evidence that NICD is the target of Cyclin C‐CDK8 kinase using a specific CDK8 inhibitor. In line with these findings, MED12 mutations were mutually exclusive to mutations in NOTCH1 in CLL, based on a meta‐analysis of 1429 CLL patients (P = 0·011). Our results suggest that MED12 mutations may contribute to CLL pathogenesis by activating NOTCH signalling.
L'Arche, Learning Disability, and Domestic Citizenship: Dependent Political Belonging in a Contemporary British City
Authors: MCKEARNEY PATRICK 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper compares two ways of providing care for adults with learning disabilities in a British city. It explores how different ways of supporting those who are particularly dependent affect the kind of political belonging these individuals can achieve. Most care providers in Endsleigh see caring relationships as merely instrumental to enabling people with learning disabilities to be independent in their local ‘community’. In this respect, they see the relationship between bodily needs and political belonging similarly to Hannah Arendt, who argues that citizenship is achieved by mastering dependence. As a counterpoint to this mode of care, I delineate ethnographically a contrasting form of urban citizenship enabled by a Christian care provider called L'Arche. L'Arche builds a religious sociality around and in the care home. In doing so, it creates an urban community in which dependence on others is not an obstacle to, but a vehicle of political recognition. I argue that this alternative form of care challenges us to reconsider the relation between domestic dependence and public political belonging, and to investigate the diverse forms of urban citizenship that disability, dependence, and cognitive conditions require and enable.
At Home on the Margins: Care Giving and the ‘Un‐homely’ among Casablanca's Working Poor
Authors: STRAVA CRISTIANA 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this article I examine some of the ways in which giving and receiving care on the margins of Casablanca become ambivalently constituted acts inscribed in a context of historical trauma and growing economic insecurity. Within this context I explore the usefulness of “un‐homely” as a conceptual tool for discussing forms of domestic care on the margins of a growing urban center. Drawing on fieldwork material gathered during 2013–2014 in a marginalized and criminalized neighborhood in Casablanca, I use an ethno‐historical approach to unpack the production of marginalization and poverty, and explore which forms of care are available to urban lower class women in particular. With the help of my closest interlocutor, Amina, I offer a discussion on the labor of caring, for oneself and of others, as well as the particular affect associated with this labor. I suggest that such skilled routines of caregiving do not only function as a coping mechanism for women in precarious situations, but they reproduce affects of un‐homeliness as much as they contain them. I argue that it is this ambivalent weaving, between containment and acceptance, that ultimately serves to help make precarious homes and uncertain futures livable.
The Otology Questionnaire Amsterdam: a generic patient reported outcome measure about the severity and impact of ear complaints. A cross‐sectional study on the development of this questionnaire
Authors: Bruinewoud E.M. , Kraak J.T. , van Leeuwen L.M. , Kramer S.E. , Merkus P. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveDevelopment of the ‘Otology Questionnaire Amsterdam’ (OQUA), a patient reported outcome measure (PROM), measuring the severity and impact of ear complaints of patients visiting an ENT surgeon.DesignMulticenter, cross‐sectional study. Phase 1: qualitative research. In‐depth interviews (N = 16) to identify relevant types of ear complaints and to formulate items. Pilot study of the first and second draft of the OQUA (N = 32, N = 39). Phase 2: quantitative research. Field‐testing of the OQUA (N = 352). Item reduction based on inter‐item correlation, factor analysis and expert opinion.SettingTwo secondary and two tertiary ENT clinics.ParticipantsPatients over the age of sixteen visiting an ENT surgeon with an ear complaint.Main outcome measuresPhase 1: meaning units and frequency of selected descriptions. Phase 2: inter‐item correlation, factor loading and Cronbach's Alpha (α).ResultsPhase 1: eight relevant types of ear complaints were identified: earache, pressure in ear, hearing loss, tinnitus, otorrhoea, itch, dizziness and loss of taste. Phase 2: factor analysis generated a factor ‘impact’ (α = 0.913). The current version of the OQUA consists of 34 items, covers eight types of ear complaints and consists of two constructs: complaints and impact.ConclusionThe OQUA is a generic, otologic PROM designed to evaluate the severity of ear complaints and their impact on patients lives.
Diffusion kurtosis imaging in identifying the malignancy of lymph nodes during the primary staging of rectal cancer
Authors: Yu J. , Dai X. , Zou H.‐H. , Song J.‐C. , Li Y. , Shi H.‐B. , Xu Q. , Shen H. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimThe aim was to assess the diagnostic value of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) for discriminating between benign and malignant lymph nodes in patients with rectal carcinoma.Methodighty‐five patients with rectal adenocarcinoma who underwent total mesorectal excision of the rectum were studied. A total of 273 lymph nodes were harvested and subjected to histological analysis. Quantitative parameters [apparent diffusion parameter Dapp of the Gaussian distribution, apparent kurtosis coefficient Kapp and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)] of lymph nodes were derived from DKI. Differences and the diagnostic performance of these parameters were calculated by using the independent‐samples t test and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses.ResultsThe median Dapp and ADC values of metastatic lymph nodes were significantly greater than those of benign lymph nodes, whereas the median Kapp of metastatic lymph nodes was statistically less than that of normal lymph nodes. Dapp had the relatively highest area under the curve of 0.774. When 1126.15 × 10−6 mm2/s was used as a Dapp threshold value, the sensitivity and specificity were 96.97% and 41.82%, respectively.ConclusionDKI can help differentiate metastatic vs benign lymph nodes during the primary staging of rectal cancer.
A New Opportunity to Recover Native Forests in China
Authors: Hua Fangyuan , Xu Jianchu , Wilcove David S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDespite unprecedented efforts at reforestation in recent decades, China's native forests continue to be displaced by plantations. Collective forest land (CFL)—land owned by rural households/communities—accounts for 60% of China's total forest land and harbors nearly half of its remaining native forests. However, China's existing policy structure for native forests suffers from considerable deficiencies with regard to CFL, most notably because policies provide no mechanism for restoring native forests on CFL. Rectifying these deficiencies requires that China's management approach toward CFL forests recognize the value of forests, especially native forests, for things other than tree crop production. In particular, policies must account for biodiversity in assessing the ecological conditions and values of forests and must provide incentives to protect and restore native forests. An opportunity has arisen to incentivize native forest recovery on CFL through the newly announced “mechanism of compensation for ecological protection” (MCEP), introduced in May 2016 and on track to become China's umbrella policy for ecosystem protection. Currently, however, MCEP does not explicitly target CFL, and it contains no incentives for restoring native forests. Adding these elements to MCEP could herald a renaissance for China's diminishing native forests and associated biodiversity. The Chinese government should not let this opportunity slip away.
Changes in symptom content from a clinical high‐risk state to conversion to psychosis
Authors: Marshall Catherine , Lu Yun , Lyngberg Kristina , Deighton Stephanie , Cadenhead Kristin S. , Cannon Tyrone D. , Cornblatt Barbara A. , McGlashan Thomas H. , Perkins Diana O. , Seidman Larry J. , Tsuang Ming T. , Walker Elaine F. , Woods Scott W. , Bearden Carrie E. , Mathalon Daniel , Addington Jean 
Published: August 2017

AimThere is an interest in the transition to psychosis for those at clinical high risk of developing psychosis. This transition is typically determined by a change in severity of the attenuated symptoms as they reach a psychotic level. However, any concomitant change in the content of such symptoms has not been examined. The current study aimed to examine potential qualitative changes in the symptom content from a clinical high‐risk state to a first episode of psychosis.MethodsSixty‐seven individuals, who had been identified as meeting the attenuated psychotic syndrome based on the Structured Interview of Psychosis‐Risk Syndromes and who later developed a full‐blown psychosis were included in the study. Comprehensive clinical vignettes were written and raters were trained using the Content of Attenuated Psychotic Symptoms codebook to code for the presence of specific symptom content found within the attenuated psychotic symptoms of unusual thought content, suspicious ideas, grandiose ideas and perceptual abnormalities.ResultsTwo main changes in symptom content from baseline to conversion were observed. First, content that was vague and lacked intensity progressed to being more specific, concrete and severe. Second, new symptoms appeared whose onset occurred for the first time at conversion.ConclusionA change in symptom content should be monitored by clinicians, as changes in content may be indications of a possible transition to psychosis.
The effects of multiple anaesthetic episodes on equine recovery quality
Authors: Platt J. P. , Simon B. T. , Coleman M. , Martinez E. A. , Lepiz M. A. , Watts A. E. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryBackgroundAlthough rare, 70% of equine fatalities during recovery from general anaesthesia (GA) are due to catastrophic fractures from poor recovery quality.ObjectiveTo determine the effect of repeatedGArecovery onGArecovery quality.Study designExperimental blinded trial.MethodsEight adult horses underwent sixGAevents on sevoflurane for distal limbMRIexamination over a 14‐week period. Prior toGArecovery, xylazine was administered. Randomly ordered video‐recordedGArecoveries were scored by three blinded board certified veterinary anaesthesiologists, unaware of patient identity orGAevent number, for nine parameters using a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS) where 0 = worst and 100 = best. The number of attempts to stand, duration of lateral and sternal recumbency, total recovery duration and physiologic parameters during eachGAevent were recorded. Repeated measuresANOVAwere used to detect differences. Agreement between observerVASscores was determined via inter‐rater reliability using an intraclass correlation.ResultsWithGArecovery experience,VASscores for balance and coordination, knuckling, and overall quality of recovery were improved and the duration of lateral recumbency was increased. There were no differences in total recovery duration, number of attempts to stand, physiologic parameters other than heart rate duringGA, orVASscores for activity in lateral recumbency, move to sternal, move to stand, or strength.Main limitationsEachGAevent was relatively short and there was no surgical stimulation. The same results may not occur if there was surgical stimulation and pain during eachGAevent.ConclusionRecovery fromGAimproves with multiple anaesthetic episodes in horses. Clinicians can advise clients that horses are likely to have betterGArecovery on repeatedGArecovery due to improved balance and coordination and reduced knuckling. Additionally, there is no change in anaesthetic morbidity with six repeatedGAevents over a 14‐week period.
Prevalence and determinants of frailty and associated comorbidities among older Gurkha welfare pensioners in Nepal
Authors: Devkota Sirjana , Anderson Bruce , Soiza Roy L. , Myint Phyo K. 
Published: August 2017

AimPopulation aging is increasing in low‐income countries. Despite this, there is distinct lack of knowledge about the prevalence of comorbidities and determinants of frailty among older people in these countries.MethodsWe examined data from “Health and Social Care Needs Assessment Survey of the Gurkha Welfare Pensioners” carried out in 2014. Participants were aged ≥60 years from the Gorakha, Lamjung and Tanahu districts of Nepal. Face‐to‐face interviews were carried out using validated questionnaires. Demographic data, socioeconomic status, and self‐reported symptoms and illnesses were collected. Frailty was assessed using the Canadian Study of Health and Aging scale. Univariable and multivariable regression models were constructed to identify the determinants of frailty defined as Canadian Study of Health and Aging scale ≥4.ResultsA total of 253 participants (32.0% men) were included in the present study. Most (82.2%) participants were from the Janajati ethnic background. Men who were ex‐servicemen had higher educational attainment than women, most of whom (95.3%) were widows of ex‐servicemen (P < 0.01). A total of 48.5% of women lived with their sons, whereas 43% of the male participants lived with their wives. Women reported a higher prevalence of mental health issues, such as anxiety and insomnia, compared with men. The prevalence of frailty was 46.2% (46.3% in men and 46.1% in women). In this population, frailty was significantly associated with older age, smoking, living with son, breathing problems, unspecified pain and fatigue, poor dental health, and history of falls and fracture (P < 0.001 for all) after controlling for potential confounders.ConclusionsThe present study highlights the growing nature of the comorbidity burden, and frailty and its determinants in a low‐income setting. Concerted efforts should be made with regard to how best to tackle this globally. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2493–2499.
Lessons learned from the management of adults who have undergone augmentation for spina bifida and bladder exstrophy: Incidence and management of the non‐lethal complications of bladder augmentation
Authors: Husmann Douglas A 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe present review provides clinical insights and makes recommendations regarding patient management garnered by the long‐term follow up of patients undergoing enteric bladder augmentation for the management of congenital anomalies. A prospectively maintained database on 385 patients that have experienced an enteric bladder augmentation, using either the ileum or colon, was reviewed. Evaluations included methods used to prevent bladder calculi formation and recurrence, the incidence and etiology of renal calculi development, the incidence and treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency, and the complications and need for surgical revisions for continent catheterizable stomas. A significantly increased risk for continent catheterizable stomal complications occurred after Monti–Yang tube formation, 70% (21/30 patients), compared with appendicovesicostomy, 41% (27/66 patients), P = 0.008. Both procedures had significantly more complications than continent catheterizable stomas using tapered ileum with a reinforced ileal–cecal valve, 21% (13/63 patients), P < 0.0001 and P < 0.013, respectively. Approximately 50% of the patient population developed a body mass index ≥30 during adulthood. The onset of obesity resulted in significantly more complications developing in patients with a Monti–Yang tube (87%; 13/15 patients) or appendicovesicostomy (55%; 18/33 patients) compared with a tapered ileum with a reinforced ileal‐cecal valve (27%, 8/30 patients), P < 0.00015 and P < 0.025, respectively, with a median follow‐up interval of 16 years, range 10–25 years. Long‐term follow‐up evaluations on patients undergoing an enteric bladder augmentation are necessary to prevent the long‐term sequela of this procedure. The key to improving patient prognosis is the nutritional management of the patient as they mature, especially if a continent abdominal stoma is going to be carried out.
Selected signalling proteins recruited to the T‐cell receptor–CD3 complex
Authors: Ngoenkam Jatuporn , Schamel Wolfgang W. , Pongcharoen Sutatip 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThe T‐cell receptor (TCR)–CD3 complex, expressed on T cells, determines the outcome of a T‐cell response. It consists of the TCR‐αβ heterodimer and the non‐covalently associated signalling dimers of CD3εγ, CD3εδ and CD3ζζ. TCR‐αβ binds specifically to a cognate peptide antigen bound to an MHC molecule, whereas the CD3 subunits transmit the signal into the cytosol to activate signalling events. Recruitment of proteins to specialized localizations is one mechanism to regulate activation and termination of signalling. In the last 25 years a large number of signalling molecules recruited to the TCR–CD3 complex upon antigen binding to TCR‐αβ have been described. Here, we review knowledge about five of those interaction partners: Lck, ZAP‐70, Nck, WASP and Numb. Some of these proteins have been targeted in the development of immunomodulatory drugs aiming to treat patients with autoimmune diseases and organ transplants.
Mental health nurse prescribing: A qualitative, systematic review
Authors: Cleary Michelle , Kornhaber Rachel , Sayers Jan , Gray Richard 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe aim of the present qualitative, systematic review was to identify and summarize qualitative research that focussed on mental health nurse prescribing, synthesize findings, and outline key themes discerned. In November 2016, a systematic search was conducted for primary studies of the electronic databases PubMed, Excerpta Medica, (Embase), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, and PsycINFO. Of the 101 papers identified through the search strategy, 12 qualitative studies met the review inclusion criteria. These studies included perspectives from nurses, doctors, and patients/clients regarding their attitudes about, and experiences of, nurse prescribing. Three themes emerged from the review: (i) patient‐centred care; (ii) professional role; and (iii) professional support. Nurse prescribers embrace a patient‐centred approach, providing timely and effective medication management. Adequate education and continuing professional development inclusive of clinical supervision enable competency development in nurse prescribing, supportive professional relationships, and patient safety. Further research is necessary to establish safety and demonstrate enhanced clinical outcomes from mental health nurse prescribing.
Electronic traps for detection and population monitoring of adult fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Shaked B. , Amore A. , Ioannou C. , Valdés F. , Alorda B. , Papanastasiou S. , Goldshtein E. , Shenderey C. , Leza M. , Pontikakos C. , Perdikis D. , Tsiligiridis T. , Tabilio M. R. , Sciarretta A. , Barceló C. , Athanassiou C. , Miranda M. A. , Alchanatis V. , Papadopoulos N. , Nestel D. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDuring the last decades, the economic importance of tephritid fruit flies (FF) has increased worldwide because of recurrent invasions and expansions into new areas, and reduced control capabilities of current control systems. Efficient monitoring systems, thus, are required to provide fast information to act promptly. With this aim in mind, we developed two electronic trap (e‐trap) versions for adult FF: one with specific volatiles for male and female adult Ceratitis capitata, and the second, based on the attraction of adult FF to yellow colour, targeting Dacus ciliatus, Rhagoletis cerasi and Bactrocera oleae. In the case of B. oleae, the female pheromone and ammonium bicarbonate were added as synergists. In the two versions, attracted FF were retained in the trap on glued surfaces. Real‐time images of the surfaces were automatically taken and transmitted to a server. We tested the two e‐trap versions in insect‐proof cages, where flies were released and recaptured, and in commercial orchards throughout the Mediterranean: C. capitata in peach orchards in Italy; R. cerasi in cherry orchards in Greece; B. oleae in olive orchards in Spain and in Greece; and D. ciliatus in melons in plastic tunnels in Israel. The e‐trap showed excellent abilities to transmit real‐time images of trapped FF and a high specificity for trapping different FF species. The ability of the entomologist to correctly classify FF from images in the office was >88%. In addition, average number of flies/trap in e‐trap grids did not differ from numbers reported on grids of conventional traps that were operating simultaneously. The e‐traps developed and tested in this study provide the basis for the real‐time monitoring of FF were no olfactory attractants are available, and for the surveillance of alien FF incursions where generic, but not specific, olfactory attractants exists.
Efficacy of liquid nitrogen cryotherapy for Barrett's esophagus after endoscopic resection of intramucosal cancer: A multicenter study
Authors: Trindade Arvind J , Pleskow Douglas K , Sengupta Neil , Kothari Shivangi , Inamdar Sumant , Berkowitz Joshua , Kaul Vivek 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackground and AimLiquid nitrogen cryotherapy (LNC) allows increased depth of ablation compared with radiofrequency ablation in Barrett's esophagus (BE). Expert centers may use LNC over radiofrequency ablation to ablate Barrett's esophagus after endoscopic resection of intramucosal cancer (IMCA). The aim of our study was to (1) evaluate the safety and efficacy of LNC ablation in patients with BE and IMCA and (2) to evaluate the progression to invasive disease despite therapy.MethodsThis was a multicenter, retrospective study of consecutive patients with BE who received LNC following endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of IMCA. The outcomes evaluated were complete eradication of dysplasia and intestinal metaplasia and development of invasive cancer during follow up. The follow‐up period was at least 1 year from initial LNC.ResultsTwenty‐seven patients were identified. The median Prague score was C3M5 (range C0M1–C14M14). After EMR+LNC, the median Prague score was C0M1 (range C0M0–C9M10); 22/27 patients (82%) achieved complete eradication of dysplasia after cryotherapy, and 19/27 patients (70%) achieved complete eradication of intestinal metaplasia. One out of 27 patients (4%) developed invasive cancer (disease beyond IMCA) over the study period.ConclusionCryotherapy is an effective endoscopic tool for eradication of BE dysplasia after EMR for IMCA. Development of invasive cancer is low for this high‐risk group.