bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic underpinnings of dehydration stress in the American dog tick revealed through RNA-Seq and metabolomics
Authors: Rosendale Andrew J. , Romick-Rosendale Lindsey E. , Watanabe Miki , Dunlevy Megan E. , Benoit Joshua B. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTTicks are obligate blood feeders but spend the majority of their lifetime off-host where they must contend with a multitude of environmental stresses. Survival under desiccating conditions is a determinant for habitats where ticks can become established, and water-balance characteristics of ticks have been extensively studied. However, little is known about the underlying aspects associated with dehydration stress in ticks. In this study, we examined the response of male American dog ticks, Dermacentor variabilis, to dehydration using a combined transcriptomics and metabolomics approach. During dehydration, 497 genes were differentially expressed, including an up-regulation of stress-response and protein-catabolism genes and concurrent down-regulation of several energetically expensive biological processes. Accumulation of several metabolites, including specific amino acids, glycerol and gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), and transcript shifts in the associated pathways for generating these metabolites indicated congruence between changes in the metabolome and gene expression. Ticks treated with exogenous glycerol and GABA demonstrated altered water-balance characteristics; specifically, increased water absorption at high relative humidity. Finally, we observed changes in locomotor activity in response to dehydration, but this change was not influenced by the accumulation of GABA. Overall, the responses to dehydration by these ticks were similar to those observed in other dehydration-tolerant arthropods, but several molecular and behavioral responses are distinct from those associated with other taxa.
Physiological and microbial adjustments to diet quality permit facultative herbivory in an omnivorous lizard
Authors: Kohl Kevin D. , Brun Antonio , Magallanes Melisa , Brinkerhoff Joshua , Laspiur Alejandro , Acosta Juan Carlos , Bordenstein Seth R. , Caviedes-Vidal Enrique 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
While herbivory is a common feeding strategy in a number of vertebrate classes, less than 4% of squamate reptiles feed primarily on plant material. It has been hypothesized that physiological or microbial limitations may constrain the evolution of herbivory in lizards. Herbivorous lizards exhibit adaptations in digestive morphology and function that allow them to better assimilate plant material. However, it is unknown whether these traits are fixed or perhaps phenotypically flexible as a result of diet. Here, we maintained a naturally omnivorous lizard, Liolaemus ruibali, on a mixed diet of 50% insects and 50% plant material, or a plant-rich diet of 90% plant material. We compared parameters of digestive performance, gut morphology and function, and gut microbial community structure between the two groups. We found that lizards fed the plant-rich diet maintained nitrogen balance and exhibited low minimum nitrogen requirements. Additionally, lizards fed the plant-rich diet exhibited significantly longer small intestines and larger hindguts, demonstrating that gut morphology is phenotypically flexible. Lizards fed the plant-rich diet harbored small intestinal communities that were more diverse and enriched in Melainabacteria and Oscillospira compared with mixed diet-fed lizards. Additionally, the relative abundance of sulfate-reducing bacteria in the small intestine significantly correlated with whole-animal fiber digestibility. Thus, we suggest that physiological and microbial limitations do not sensu stricto constrain the evolution of herbivory in lizards. Rather, ecological context and fitness consequences may be more important in driving the evolution of this feeding strategy.
Improvement of the Methods of Disclosure of Financial Results in the Financial Statements of Construction Companies
Authors: Гаджиева  , Gadzhieva P. 
Published: June 2016

Th e article considers the main problems of formation of fi nancial results of realization of construction products
(construction projects, construction works) in fi nancial accounting and reporting. Th e article proposes a methodology for
the disclosure of such information in fi nancial statements using the sub-accounts, accounting records and performance.
The pathways of Lisbon metropolization: Focusing on residential trajectories
Authors: Pereira Sandra Marques , Ferreira Ana Cristina 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Metropolization has been studied essentially through census analysis. Despite its incontestable interest, it presents an ‘interrupted’ portrait of reality that omits the continuous aspect of metropolitan development. Moreover, the focus is placed predominantly on territories and their demographic evolution rather than on households. To overcome these shortcomings, the project ‘Residential Trajectories and Metropolization: Continuities and Changes in Lisbon Metropolitan Area’ focuses on households as the main protagonists of spatial structuring processes. It aims to reconstitute the trajectories of Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA) inhabitants (born between 1945 and 1975) by means of a life course approach. Housing stability is an important finding, but should not be understood as a Portuguese peculiarity. Moreover, it is important to underline the great heterogeneity of each trajectory, both in terms of their protagonists and their meanings. Either within ‘centrifugal’ and ‘province’ trajectories we found four ‘similar’ sub-groups: pioneers, modern families, the established and the socially vulnerable. Their similarities are, however, essentially formal and their distribution is quite different concerning the two trajectories.
Residential mobility in the Barcelona Metropolitan Region during the present economic crisis
Authors: Pujadas Rúbies Isabel , López Villanueva Cristina , Bayona-I-Carrasco Jordi 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
These last few years, the Barcelona metropolitan region has had two main distinct residential mobility flows, each defining their own spatial patterns. On the one hand, there has been one made by Spanish people who, since the late 1970s, have been moving from the dense metropolitan centre towards its periphery where they can find medium-sized towns and small municipalities to which they are attracted. On the other hand, since the early twenty-first century there has also been that of foreigners moving from Barcelona to the neighbouring central cities. This article analyses recent intensity and spatial pattern changes due to the economic and housing market crises. Focusing on the 2009–2012 period, it compares two previous decades from 1988–2008. Our main hypothesis is that in recent years the flows have slightly diminished but they have had a stronger geographic impact as spatial trends existing before the economic crisis have blurred.
Cognitive load in intralingual and interlingual respeaking – a preliminary study
Authors: Szarkowska Agnieszka , Krejtz Krzysztof , Dutka Łukasz , Pilipczuk Olga 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this paper we present preliminary results of the study on the cognitive load in intralingual and interlingual respeaking. We tested 57 subjects from three groups: interpreters, translators and controls while respeaking 5-minute videos in two language combinations: Polish to Polish (intralingual) and English to Polish (interlingual). Using two measures of cognitive load: self-report and EEG (Emotiv), we found that in most cases cognitive load was higher in interlingual respeaking. Self-reported mental effort that the participants had to expend to complete the respeaking tasks was lower in the group of interpreters, suggesting some parallels between interpreting and respeaking competences. EEG measures showed significant differences between respeaking tasks and experimental groups in cognitive load over time.
The Endgame of Telecommunications Policy? A Survey
Authors: Vogelsang Ingo 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Telecommunications policy has come a long way from regulation of vertically integrated monopolies to the current state of competition. As competition becomes self-sustainable, will telecommunications policy in the form of industry-specific regulation go away or, if not, what form will it take? The economics literature suggests that the regulatory efficiency frontier is shifted by new technological and market developments, such as convergence of networks, fixed-mobile substitution (and integration) and next generation access networks. The frontier is also affected by the existing capital stock and other physical and institutional characteristics of a country. The insights from a review of the theoretical and empirical literature are applied to five policy areas. They are: (1) termination monopoly; (2) local bottleneck access; (3) net neutrality; (4) spectrum management; and (5) universal service. While in some of them, deregulation and a move to competition policy will soon be the efficient state of the art, regulation will remain efficient in others for some time. Deregulation will likely become efficient for one-way access and universal service, with the exception of some universal service policies in remote areas and for the poor. Termination will move to bill and keep with a duty to interconnect. In addition, some (more symmetric) regulation should persist for net neutrality in the form of transparency requirements, (quasi-) common carrier obligations and minimum quality standards. Also, spectrum management, while moving towards full-blown ownership rights, will continue to see regulators providing zoning and other services, particularly for unlicensed spectrum. All these assessments are premised on the success of making additional spectrum as the key resource available. They are also premised on the absence of a killer technology like P2P FTTH that potentially dominates all other technologies. What determines the endgame in telecommunications regulation? Although technical and market developments will dominantly shape the regulatory efficiency frontier, institutional and political economy factors have an additional and mostly slowing effect on policy changes.
Monetary policy and redistribution: information from central bank balance sheets in the Euro area and the US
Authors: Cour-Thimann Philippine 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The exceptional measures by central banks during the financial crisis have led to renewed interest in the redistributive effects of monetary policy. This paper adopts the perspective of central bank balance sheets to assess such effects. It uses information from the euro area National Central Banks and the US Federal Reserve Banks to analyse the regional and sectoral effects of monetary policy. Central bank balance sheets capture sustained imbalances in payment flows across the euro area countries that peaked at 10% of GDP in the so-called Target balances, and across the US districts that reached 5% of GDP in the equivalent Interdistrict Settlement Accounts. These imbalances, combined with accommodative central bank liquidity, shifted risks from the private financial sector to the public sector and among taxpayers - yet, mechanisms are in place to mitigate such risks and the associated redistributive effects. The liquidity injection, while directly channelled at the stressed regions or sectors, has indirectly supported the financial sector at large. In different institutional contexts, the financial centres in Germany and in the New York district have been strengthened. They have been net recipients of payment inflows from the rest of the respective currency areas, equivalent in amounts to a third of the liquidity injection during the crisis.
The Great Export Recovery in German Manufacturing Industries, 2009/2010
Authors: Wagner Joachim 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
This paper uses comprehensive high-quality panel data from official statistics for exporting enterprises to investigate the micro-structure of the recent export recovery in 2010 in manufacturing industries in Germany after the great recession of 2008/ 2009. Almost all of the increase in exports was due to positive changes of exports in firms that continue to export (i. e. at the so-called intensive margin) while the increase of exports due to export starters (at the so-called extensive margin) was tiny. It is shown that very large firms played a decisive role in shaping the export recovery. These findings are remarkably symmetric to the results from an analysis of the great export collapse of 2008/09.
Estimating Aggregate Capital Stocks Using the Perpetual Inventory Method
Authors: Berlemann Michael , Wesselhöft Jan-Erik 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Almost all attempts to construct capital stock data base on some variant of the Perpetual Inventory Method. While various countries employ this method to construct suitable proxies of national capital stocks, the implementation and the underlying assumptions differ considerably, thereby rendering the results internationally incomparable. Only a few attempts to construct internationally comparable capital stock data have yet been undertaken in the scientific literature. In this paper we outline the idea of the Perpetual Inventory Method and deliver a survey of previous implementations of the method. Based on a critical assessment of these implementations we propose a unified approach and construct estimations of aggregate capital stocks for the 1970 to 2010 period for 103 countries.
Ranking Economics and Econometrics ISI Journals by Quality Weighted Citations
Authors: Chang Chia-Lin , McAleer Michael 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The paper analyses academic journal quality and impact using quality weighted citations that are based on the widely-used Thomson Reuters ISI Web of Science citations database (ISI). A recently developed Index of Citations Quality (ICQ), based on quality weighted citations, is used to analyse the top 276 Economics and top 10 Econometrics journals in the ISI Economics category using alternative quantifiable Research Assessment Measures (RAMs). It is shown that ICQ is a useful additional measure to the 2-Year Impact Factor (2YIF) and other well known RAMs available in ISI for the purpose of evaluating journal impact and quality, as well as ranking, of Economics and Econometrics journals as it contains information that has very low correlations with the information contained in alternative well-known RAMs. Among other findings, the top Econometrics journals have some of the highest ICQ scores in the ISI category of Economics.
The Objections against Workfare Revised
Authors: Lohse Tim 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Opponents of work obligations in return for transfer payments argue that workfare can crowd out private sector work, that workfare harms the welfare of the poor and thereby reduces a society’s welfare in general. This paper analyzes these objections against workfare in a discrete optimal income tax model. Workfare productivity emerges to be the crucial determinant. We identify a productivity threshold. If workfare productivity exceeds this threshold, then crowding out indeed happens, but it is second-best. Crowding out occurs entirely in the sense that workfare and private sector employment are mutually exclusive. Welfare increases due to the fact that out of the three effects workfare entails, beyond the detected threshold, the output effect and the incentive effect dominate the negative utility effect. Numerical simulations calibrated on the distribution of gross hourly wages in Germany reveal that on an individual level, the poor may even be better off under a tax-transfer scheme with workfare rather than without workfare. This is due to the fact that a higher degree of redistribution can be achieved.
Confronting Climate-Related Disasters in Asia and the Pacific
Authors: Thomas Vinod 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The frequency of intense natural disasters has been on the rise worldwide over the past 40 years. Meanwhile, temperatures have risen on average, while both temperatures and precipitation have become more variable and more extreme. Their impacts are clearly visible in Asia and the Pacific region, which has seen some of the most damaging natural disasters.
Recent scientific evidence points to the link between rising greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere and climate variables such as temperature and precipitation that underlie floods, storms, droughts and heatwaves. Rising population exposure, greater population vulnerability, and increasing climate-related hazards are three main disaster risk factors behind the increased frequency of intense natural disasters. A study underlying this paper finds an association between more frequent climatological disasters (relating to droughts and heat waves) and rising temperatures; and between hydrometeorological disasters (relating to floods and storms) and people locating in harm’s way and precipitation anomalies.
These findings underpin the necessity of greater prevention of natural disasters, and of integrating climate adaptation and mitigation in reducing disaster risks. With no let-up in the increasing costs of disasters to lives and livelihood, homes and infrastructure - such preventive measures must be part of policy and planning.
A Note on the Granular Nature of Imports in German Manufacturing Industries
Authors: Wagner Joachim 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
This paper uses an approach recently suggested by Gabaix (Eonometrica 2011) to investigate for the first time the role of idiosyncratic shocks to the largest firms in the dynamics of imports by firms from manufacturing industries. For Germany we find evidence that imports are power-law distributed and that the distribution of imports in the industries can be characterised as fat-tailed. Results show that idiosyncratic shocks to very large firms are important for the import dynamics in 2010/2011 but not in 2009/2010.
Do the Poor Pay for Card Rewards of the Rich?
Authors: Krueger Malte 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Card payment systems are sometimes accused of taking from the poor and giving to the rich. The argument is as follows: High card fees are leading to higher retail prices for both, card users and cash users. However, high-income card holders are receiving rewards when purchasing by card. The result may be a net transfer of, mostly low-income, cash users to, mostly high-income, card users. In this article, models with product differentiation are used to show that rich card-holders may actually be paying for their card rewards themselves. In this case, there is no perverse distribution effect.
The Great Depression and the Great Recession in Interwar Greece and Today: A comparison
Authors: Lazaretou Sophia 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The past Greek crisis experience is more or less terra incognita. In all historical empirical studies Greece is systematically neglected or included only sporadically in their cross-country samples. In the national literature too there is little on this topic. In this paper we use the 1930s crisis as a useful testing ground to compare the two crises episodes, ‘then’ and ‘now’; to detect differences and similarities and discuss the policy facts with the ultimate aim to draw some ‘policy lessons’ from history. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to study the Greek crisis experience across the two historical episodes. Comparisons with the interwar period show that the recent economic downturn was faster, larger and more severe than during the early 1930s. More importantly, analysing the determinants of the two crises, we conclude that Greece’s problems arose from its inability to credibly adhere to a nominal anchor.
Elastic and Thermal Properties of Silicon Compounds from First-Principles Calculations
Authors: Hou Haijun , Zhu H.J. , Cheng W.H. , Xie L.H. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The structural and elastic properties of V-Si (V3Si, VSi2, V5Si3, and V6Si5) compounds are studied by using first-principles method. The calculated equilibrium lattice parameters and formation enthalpy are in good agreement with the available experimental data and other theoretical results. The calculated results indicate that the V-Si compounds are mechanically stable. Elastic properties including bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young’s modulus, and Poisson’s ratio are also obtained. The elastic anisotropies of V-Si compounds are investigated via the three-dimensional (3D) figures of directional dependences of reciprocals of Young’s modulus. Finally, based on the quasi-harmonic Debye model, the internal energy, Helmholtz free energy, entropy, heat capacity, thermal expansion coefficient, Grüneisen parameter, and Debye temperature of V-Si compounds have been calculated.
Validity of Newborn Clinical Assessment to Determine Gestational Age in Bangladesh
Authors: Lee Anne CC , Mullany Luke C. , Ladhani Karima , Uddin Jamal , Mitra Dipak , Ahmed Parvez , Christian Parul , Labrique Alain , DasGupta Sushil K. , Lokken R. Peter , Quaiyum Mohammed , Baqui Abdullah H ,   for the Projahnmo Study Group
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUND:
Gestational age (GA) is frequently unknown or inaccurate in pregnancies in low-income countries. Early identification of preterm infants may help link them to potentially life-saving interventions.

METHODS:
We conducted a validation study in a community-based birth cohort in rural Bangladesh. GA was determined by pregnancy ultrasound (&lt;20 weeks). Community health workers conducted home visits (&lt;72 hours) to assess physical/neuromuscular signs and measure anthropometrics. The distribution, agreement, and diagnostic accuracy of different clinical methods of GA assessment were determined compared with early ultrasound dating.

RESULTS:
In the live-born cohort (n = 1066), the mean ultrasound GA was 39.1 weeks (SD 2.0) and prevalence of preterm birth (&lt;37 weeks) was 11.4%. Among assessed newborns (n = 710), the mean ultrasound GA was 39.3 weeks (SD 1.6) (8.3% preterm) and by Ballard scoring the mean GA was 38.9 weeks (SD 1.7) (12.9% preterm). The average bias of the Ballard was –0.4 weeks; however, 95% limits of agreement were wide (–4.7 to 4.0 weeks) and the accuracy for identifying preterm infants was low (sensitivity 16%, specificity 87%). Simplified methods for GA assessment had poor diagnostic accuracy for identifying preterm births (community health worker prematurity scorecard [sensitivity/specificity: 70%/27%]; Capurro [5%/96%]; Eregie [75%/58%]; Bhagwat [18%/87%], foot length &lt;75 mm [64%/35%]; birth weight &lt;2500 g [54%/82%]). Neonatal anthropometrics had poor to fair performance for classifying preterm infants (areas under the receiver operating curve 0.52–0.80).

CONCLUSIONS:
Newborn clinical assessment of GA is challenging at the community level in low-resource settings. Anthropometrics are also inaccurate surrogate markers for GA in settings with high rates of fetal growth restriction.