bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paired High-Content Analysis of Prostate Cancer Cells in Bone Marrow and Blood Characterizes Increased Androgen Receptor Expression in Tumor Cell Clusters
Authors: Carlsson Anders , Kuhn Peter , Luttgen Madelyn S. , Keomanee-Dizon Kevin , Troncoso Patricia , Corn Paul G. , Kolatkar Anand , Hicks James B. , Logothetis Christopher J. , Zurita Amado J. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Purpose:
Recent studies demonstrate that prostate cancer clones from different metastatic sites are dynamically represented in the blood of patients over time, suggesting that the paired evaluation of tumor cells in circulation and bone marrow, the primary target for prostate cancer metastasis, may provide complementary information.

Experimental Design:
We adapted our single-cell high-content liquid biopsy platform to bone marrow aspirates (BMA) to concurrently identify and characterize prostate cancer cells in patients' blood and bone and thus discern features associated to tumorigenicity and dynamics of metastatic progression.

Results:
The incidence of tumor cells in BMAs increased as the disease advanced: 0% in biochemically recurrent (n = 52), 26% in newly diagnosed metastatic hormone-naïve (n = 26), and 39% in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC; n = 63) patients, and their number was often higher than in paired blood. Tumor cell detection in metastatic patients' BMAs was concordant but 45% more sensitive than using traditional histopathologic interpretation of core bone marrow biopsies. Tumor cell clusters were more prevalent and bigger in BMAs than in blood, expressed higher levels of the androgen receptor protein per tumor cell, and were prognostic in mCRPC. Moreover, the patterns of genomic copy number variation in single tumor cells in paired blood and BMAs showed significant inter- and intrapatient heterogeneity.

Conclusions:
Paired analysis of single prostate cancer cells in blood and bone shows promise for clinical application and provides complementary information. The high prevalence and prognostic significance of tumor cell clusters, particularly in BMAs, suggest that these structures are key mediators of prostate cancer's metastatic progression. Clin Cancer Res; 23(7); 1722–32. ©2016 AACR.
Especificidades da tradução de histórias em quadrinhos: abordagem inicial
Authors: Assis Érico Gonçalves de 
Published: October 2016

A tradução de histórias em quadrinhos (HQs) constitui um campo dosEstudos da Tradução ainda pouco explorado, de forma que não há um fundamento teórico específico relacionado à prática. A produção mundial recente de quadrinhos – particularmente das chamadas graphics novels ou novelas gráficas –, contudo, promove um status à mídia comparável ao da literatura, o que gera sua maior aceitabilidade como produto cultural relevante e objeto de estudo acadêmico. Dado deste contexto, o artigo almeja construir linhas-guia para entendimento específico da tradução de HQs no que esta difere da tradução de outras mídias. Para isto, propõe cinco especificidades desta modalidade de tradução: (1) ingerência do tradutor reduzida às unidades de material linguístico; (2) indissolubilidade da mancha gráfica; (3) indissolubilidade das quebras verbais; (4) documento de tradução = roteiro para letreirista; (5) o letreirista como cotradutor.
Ta Non Referentiel
Authors: Dan Xu 
Published: October 2016

This article purports that non-referential TA could have come from referential ta. Different dialects seem to prove this point. Two types of construction with non-referential, TA are studied :1. V+TA+Num+Cl,2. V+TA+GE+SV/SAIn Type 1, the constituent "Num+Cl" always refers to a frequency of action. For type 2, it is claimed that the original construction was probably "V+GE+SV/SA" and TA must have been inserted later.
Subjective Temporalities at Play
Authors: Gandolfi Enrico 
Published: October 2016

Background. Despite the increasing attention given by scholars and designers to time as a game variable, an overlooked topic is subjective temporality in play. Aim. This article addresses the issue of subjective temporality in play, with a focus on gaming simulations. The purpose of this article is to shed light on how different ludic elements can influence players’ diachronic identities. Method. The related concepts of sameness and selfhood are applied in analyzing CITIES: SKYLINES, EUROPA UNIVERSALIS IV and PILLARS OF ETERNITY. A quantitative survey was distributed online among users of the three case studies (n:387 participants). Instrument items included playing habits, sameness and selfhood and the triggering gaming traits. Results. Specific categories of features are able to foster selfhood and sameness experiences with various outcomes in terms of the subjects’ satisfaction, interpretation and autonomy. Conclusions. Implications of the study are noteworthy for a) practitioners interested in deepening time routines in games through an audiences’ lens and b) researchers, who may take inspiration to stress and expand the topic with further focuses and research designs.
Development of a Control Method for Conduction and Magnetism in Molecular Crystals
Authors: Naito Toshio 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis study concerns development of a non-destructive method to control conduction and magnetism of molecular solids such as single crystals of charge-transfer complexes. The method is named “optical doping”, where appropriate irradiation is utilized under ambient conditions. Owing to this feature, it can be applied to a wide range of substances while measuring the properties during the control. In addition, the method adds unique conduction and magnetic properties to common insulators. Unlike other doping methods, optical doping only affects the properties and/or structures of the irradiated part of a sample while leaving the rest of the sample unchanged. There are two patterns in the optical doping. Irreversible optical doping produces junction-structures on the single molecular crystals, which exhibit characteristic behavior of semiconductor devices such as diodes and varistors. Reversible optical doping produces “giant photoconductors” and “photomagnetic conductors” by realizing unprecedented metallic photoconduction. In the latter case, localized spins are also excited to produce a Kondo system, where carriers and localized spins interact with each other. Not only the control of conduction and magnetism, the optical doping has realized the observation of physical properties in molecular crystals hardly observed under any thermodynamic condition.
Diurnal Rhythm of Cardiac Troponin: Consequences for the Diagnosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Klinkenberg Lieke J J , Wildi Karin , van der Linden Noreen , Kouw Imre W K , Niens Marijke , Twerenbold Raphael , Rubini Gimenez Maria , Puelacher Christian , Daniel Neuhaus Jean , Hillinger Petra , Nestelberger Thomas , Boeddinghaus Jasper , Grimm Karin , Sabti Zaid , Bons Judith A P , van Suijlen Jeroen D E , Tan Frans E S , ten Kate Joop , Bekers Otto , van Loon Luc J C , van Dieijen-Visser Marja P , Mueller Christian , Meex Steven J R 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Interpretation of serial high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) measurements for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) assumes random fluctuation of hs-cTn around an individual's homeostatic set point. The aim of this study was to challenge this diagnostic concept.

METHODS
Study 1 examined the presence of a diurnal hs-cTn rhythm by hourly blood sampling, day and night, in 24 individuals without a recent history of AMI. Study 2 assessed morning vs evening diagnostic accuracy of hs-cTnT and hs-cTnI in a prospective multicenter diagnostic study of 2782 unselected patients, presenting to the emergency department with acute chest pain.

RESULTS
In study 1, hs-cTnT, but not hs-cTnI, exhibited a diurnal rhythm, characterized by gradually decreasing concentrations throughout daytime, rising concentrations during nighttime, to peak concentrations in the morning (mean 16.2 ng/L at 8:30 AM and 12.1 ng/L at 7:30 PM). In study 2, the hs-cTnT rhythm was confirmed by higher hs-cTnT concentrations in early-morning presenters compared to evening presenters with an adjudicated diagnosis of noncardiac disease. The diagnostic accuracy [area under the receiver-operation characteristics curve (AUC)] of hs-cTnT at presentation, 1 h, and for the combination of absolute changes with presenting concentration, were very high and comparable among patients presenting early morning as compared to evening (all AUC &gt;0.93). hs-cTnI exhibited no diurnal rhythm with no differences in AUC among early-morning and evening presenters.

CONCLUSIONS
Rhythmic diurnal variation of hs-cTnT is a general phenomenon that is not seen with hs-cTnI. While the diurnal hs-cTnT rhythm does not seem to affect the diagnostic accuracy of hs-cTnT for AMI, it should be considered when using hs-cTnT for screening purposes.

Clinical Trial Registration
1. Circadian Variation of Cardiac Troponin, NCT02091427, www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02091427. 2. Advantageous Predictors of Acute Coronary Syndrome Evaluation (APACE) Study, NCT00470587, www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00470587.
Characterization of the adsorption properties of a phosphorylated kraft lignin-based polymer at the solid/liquid interface by the QCM-D approach
Authors: Xiong Wenlong , Qiu Xueqing , Zhong Ruisheng , Yang Dongjie 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPhosphorylated kraft lignin (PKL), a novel lignin polymer, has potential application in the preparation and modification of inorganic materials. In this article, the adsorption characteristics of PKL at the solid/liquid interface were investigated under different pH conditions. Quartz crystal microbalance combined with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D), UV spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were applied for monitoring the adsorption. The adsorbed amount of PKL gradually decreased as a function of pH increment on the gold covered QCM-D crystals, which were pretreated with an adsorbed layer of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDAC). This was also the case for quartz slide substrates pretreated with PKL/PDAC multilayers by the method relying on the layer-by-layer (LBL) electrostatic self-assembly. The hydrophobicity of adsorbed PKL films increased with increasing pH from 3 to 12. In the course of this process, the adsorption morphology changed from a compact rigid state to a less compact soft state. Under acidic conditions, the adsorption is governed mainly by cation-π interaction between PKL and PDAC, and the adsorption configuration is mushroom-like. Under neutral and alkaline conditions, the cation-π interaction is less relevant owing to the longer distances between the anionic groups in PKL and the cation in PDAC. This causes stretching of the molecular chains in PKL, while the adsorption configuration changes to a planar pancake structure so that the electrostatic interaction dominates. The knowledge on adsorption characteristics of PKL at different pH values is helpful to prepare some lignin-based composite materials.
Health Advocacy Project: Evaluating the Benefits of Service Learning to Nursing Students and Low Income Individuals Involved in a Community-Based Mental Health Promotion Project
Authors: Samuels-Dennis Joan , Xia Liudi , Secord Sandra , Raiger Amelia 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPoverty, along with other factors such as unemployment, work and life stressors, interpersonal violence, and lack of access to high quality health and/or social services all play a role in determining who develops a mental illness and for whom those symptoms persist or worsen. Senior nursing student preparing to enter the field and working in a service learning capacity may be able to influence early recovery and symptom abatement among those most vulnerable to mental illness. A consortium of community stakeholders and researchers collaboratively designed a 10-week mental health promotion project called the Health Advocacy Project (HAP). The project combines case management and system navigation support delivered by trained and highly supervised nursing students to individuals experiencing major depressive disorder (MDD) and/or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In this article, we present the findings of a qualitative fidelity evaluation that examines the effectiveness of nursing students in delivering the health advocacy intervention at the level and with the intensity originally intended. The findings demonstrate how the services of senior nursing students may be optimized to benefit our healthcare system and populations most at risk for developing MDD and PTSD.
Low-Cost High-Tech Robotics for Ambient Assisted Living: From Experiments to a Methodology
Authors: Vareille Jean , Espes David , Autret Yvon , Le Parc Philippe 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAging of the population in developed countries is an important challenge to overcome. Robots have a role to play to offer solutions to old and dependent persons and also to their families and carers. We investigated low-cost high-tech robotics in order to offer affordable mobile robots that could be used in the context of ambient assisted living (AAL). We used a bottom–up approach and tried different technical solutions in order to propose an efficient prototype. Results of this experimental work are presented in the first part of this paper. From the different experiments we carried out, we felt the need to use a top–down approach that could be used to develop such robots and also any system that requires the use of mechanical, electronic, and software components. In the second part of this paper, we present the X-methodology and try to show its use in our AAL context.
Processing linguistic variation through dual mechanisms of cognitive control
Authors: Berry Grant M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWhile rarely difficult for the average speaker/listener, the ubiquity of variation at all levels of linguistic production is a challenge for modern psycholinguistic models of language processing. Variation is perhaps most extreme at the levels of phonetics and phonology, but many models of language processing all but eschew these levels altogether. The current paper posits that cognitive control mechanisms, when divided into proactive and reactive control via a dual mechanisms framework may effectively describe the strategies individuals use to process linguistic variation and, when incorporated into language processing models, can generate novel, testable predictions regarding the origin and propagation of individual differences. By means of example, I illustrate how dual mechanisms of control could be incorporated into a connectionist model of language production. I then describe how dual mechanisms of cognitive control might be relevant for the Adaptive Control Hypothesis and how individual differences in processing strategies may modulate participation in language changes-in-progress.
T394A Mutation at the μ Opioid Receptor Blocks Opioid Tolerance and Increases Vulnerability to Heroin Self-Administration in Mice
Authors: Wang Xiao-Fei , Barbier Elisabeth , Chiu Yi-Ting , He Yi , Zhan Jia , Bi Guo-Hua , Zhang Hai-Ying , Feng Bo , Liu-Chen Lee-Yuan , Wang Jia Bei , Xi Zheng-Xiong 
Published: October 2016

The etiology and pathophysiology underlying opioid tolerance and dependence are still unknown. Because mu opioid receptor (MOR) plays an essential role in opioid action, many vulnerability-related studies have focused on single nucleotide polymorphisms of MOR, particularly on A118G. In this study, we found that a single-point mutation at the MOR T394 phosphorylation site could be another important susceptive factor in the development of opioid tolerance and dependence in mice. T394A mutation, in which a threonine at 394 was replaced by an alanine, did not alter agonist binding to MOR and opioid analgesia, but resulted in loss of etorphine-induced MOR internalization in spinal dorsal horn neurons and opioid analgesic tolerance induced by either morphine or etorphine. In addition, this mutation also caused an increase in intravenous heroin self-administration and in nucleus accumbens dopamine response to heroin. These findings suggest that T394 phosphorylation following MOR activation causes MOR internalization and desensitization, which subsequently contributes to the development of tolerance in both opioid analgesia and opioid reward. Accordingly, T394A mutation blocks opioid tolerance and leads to an increase in brain dopamine response to opioids and in opioid-taking behavior. Thus, the T394 may serve as a new drug target for modulating opioid tolerance and the development of opioid abuse and addiction.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe mechanisms underlying opioid tolerance and susceptibility to opioid addiction remain unclear. The present studies demonstrate that a single-point mutation at the T394 phosphorylation site in the C-terminal of mu opioid receptor (MOR) results in loss of opioid tolerance and enhanced vulnerability to heroin self-administration. These findings suggest that modulation of the MOR-T394 phosphorylation or dephosphorylation status may have therapeutic potential in management of pain, opioid tolerance, and opioid abuse and addiction. Accordingly, MOR-T394 mutation or polymorphisms could be a risk factor in developing opioid abuse and addiction and therefore be used as a new biomarker in prediction and prevention of opioid abuse and addiction.
Predictions Shape Confidence in Right Inferior Frontal Gyrus
Authors: Sherman Maxine T. , Seth Anil K. , Kanai Ryota 
Published: October 2016

It is clear that prior expectations shape perceptual decision-making, yet their contribution to the construction of subjective decision confidence remains largely unexplored. We recorded fMRI data while participants made perceptual decisions and confidence judgments, manipulating perceptual prior expectations while controlling for potential confounds of attention. Results show that subjective confidence increases as expectations increasingly support the decision, and that this relationship is associated with BOLD activity in right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG). Specifically, rIFG is sensitive to the discrepancy between expectation and decision (mismatch), and higher mismatch responses are associated with lower decision confidence. Connectivity analyses revealed expectancy information to be represented in bilateral orbitofrontal cortex and sensory signals to be represented in intracalcarine sulcus. Together, our results indicate that predictive information is integrated into subjective confidence in rIFG, and reveal an occipital-frontal network that constructs confidence from top-down and bottom-up signals. This interpretation was further supported by exploratory findings that the white matter density of right orbitofrontal cortex negatively predicted its respective contribution to the construction of confidence. Our findings advance our understanding of the neural basis of subjective perceptual processes by revealing an occipitofrontal functional network that integrates prior beliefs into the construction of confidence.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPerceptual decision-making is typically conceived as an integration of bottom-up and top-down influences. However, perceptual decisions are accompanied by a sense of confidence. Confidence is an important facet of perceptual consciousness yet remains poorly understood. Here we implicate right inferior frontal gyrus in constructing confidence from the discrepancy between perceptual judgment and its prior probability. Furthermore, we place right inferior frontal gyrus within an occipitofrontal network, consisting of orbitofrontal cortex and intracalcarine sulcus, which represents and communicates relevant top-down and bottom-up signals. Together, our data reveal a role of frontal regions in the top-down processes enabling perceptual decisions to become available for conscious report.
Role of Prefrontal Cortex in Learning and Generalizing Hierarchical Rules in 8-Month-Old Infants
Authors: Werchan Denise M. , Collins Anne G.E. , Frank Michael J. , Amso Dima 
Published: October 2016

Recent research indicates that adults and infants spontaneously create and generalize hierarchical rule sets during incidental learning. Computational models and empirical data suggest that, in adults, this process is supported by circuits linking prefrontal cortex (PFC) with striatum and their modulation by dopamine, but the neural circuits supporting this form of learning in infants are largely unknown. We used near-infrared spectroscopy to record PFC activity in 8-month-old human infants during a simple audiovisual hierarchical-rule-learning task. Behavioral results confirmed that infants adopted hierarchical rule sets to learn and generalize spoken object–label mappings across different speaker contexts. Infants had increased activity over right dorsal lateral PFC when rule sets switched from one trial to the next, a neural marker related to updating rule sets into working memory in the adult literature. Infants' eye blink rate, a possible physiological correlate of striatal dopamine activity, also increased when rule sets switched from one trial to the next. Moreover, the increase in right dorsolateral PFC activity in conjunction with eye blink rate also predicted infants' generalization ability, providing exploratory evidence for frontostriatal involvement during learning. These findings provide evidence that PFC is involved in rudimentary hierarchical rule learning in 8-month-old infants, an ability that was previously thought to emerge later in life in concert with PFC maturation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHierarchical rule learning is a powerful learning mechanism that allows rules to be selected in a context-appropriate fashion and transferred or reused in novel contexts. Data from computational models and adults suggests that this learning mechanism is supported by dopamine-innervated interactions between prefrontal cortex (PFC) and striatum. Here, we provide evidence that PFC also supports hierarchical rule learning during infancy, challenging the current dogma that PFC is an underdeveloped brain system until adolescence. These results add new insights into the neurobiological mechanisms available to support learning and generalization in very early postnatal life, providing evidence that PFC and the frontostriatal circuitry are involved in organizing learning and behavior earlier in life than previously known.