bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acid Sphingomyelinase–Derived Ceramide Regulates ICAM-1 Function during T Cell Transmigration across Brain Endothelial Cells
Authors: Lopes Pinheiro Melissa A. , Kroon Jeffrey , Hoogenboezem Mark , Geerts Dirk , van het Hof Bert , van der Pol Susanne M. A. , van Buul Jaap D. , de Vries Helga E. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disorder of the CNS characterized by immune cell infiltration across the brain vasculature into the brain, a process not yet fully understood. We previously demonstrated that the sphingolipid metabolism is altered in MS lesions. In particular, acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), a critical enzyme in the production of the bioactive lipid ceramide, is involved in the pathogenesis of MS; however, its role in the brain vasculature remains unknown. Transmigration of T lymphocytes is highly dependent on adhesion molecules in the vasculature such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). In this article, we hypothesize that ASM controls T cell migration by regulating ICAM-1 function. To study the role of endothelial ASM in transmigration, we generated brain endothelial cells lacking ASM activity using a lentiviral shRNA approach. Interestingly, although ICAM-1 expression was increased in cells lacking ASM activity, we measured a significant decrease in T lymphocyte adhesion and consequently transmigration both in static and under flow conditions. As an underlying mechanism, we revealed that upon lack of endothelial ASM activity, the phosphorylation of ezrin was perturbed as well as the interaction between filamin and ICAM-1 upon ICAM-1 clustering. Functionally this resulted in reduced microvilli formation and impaired transendothelial migration of T cells. In conclusion, in this article, we show that ASM coordinates ICAM-1 function in brain endothelial cells by regulating its interaction with filamin and phosphorylation of ezrin. The understanding of these underlying mechanisms of T lymphocyte transmigration is of great value to develop new strategies against MS lesion formation.
IL-21 Is Important for Induction of KLRG1+ Effector CD8 T Cells during Acute Intracellular Infection
Authors: Moretto Magali M. , Khan Imtiaz A. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Microsporidia, a latent opportunistic infection associated with mild inflammation, is characterized by a strong CD8 T cell response, which has been shown to be CD4 T cell dependent. In this manuscript, we demonstrate that CD4 help is provided via IL-21 production, a common γ-chain cytokine closely related to IL-2. The peak of IL-21 expression, observed during the acute infection, is associated with an elevated IL-21+ CD4 T subset, and these cells bear a phenotypic resemblance to T follicular helper cells. We observed that, during per-oral microsporidial infection, IL-21 was critical for the generation of an optimal effector CD8 T cell immunity. Sharply decreased effector KLRG1+ CD8 response was observed in IL-21R knockout mice, and although these cells exhibited reduced functional properties, they retained the ability to proliferate. The role of IL-21 in the generation of CD8 effectors was cell intrinsic, as stronger defects were observed in the IL-21–deficient compartment from the bone marrow chimeric mice (IL-21R knockout/wild-type). These findings are different from those reported for viral infections in which IL-21 has been primarily associated with the generation and maintenance of CD8 memory response. To the best of our knowledge, this report demonstrates a critical role for IL-21 in the generation of a primary effector CD8 T cell response to an infectious disease model.
BCB-Based Dry Film low k Permanent Polymer with sub 4-μm Vias for Advanced WLP and FO-WLP Applications
Authors: Toepper Michael , Braun Tanja , Gernhardt Robert , Wilke Martin , Mackowiak Piotr , Lang Klaus-Dieter , O'Connor Corey , Barr Robert , Aoude Tina , Calvert Jeffrey , Gallagher Michael , Kim Jong-Uk , Politis Andrew , Iagodkine Ellisei 
Published: November 2015

There is a strong demand to increase the routing density of the RDL to match the requirements for future microelectronic systems which are mainly miniaturization and performance. Photo-resists for structuring the metallization or acting as a mold for electroplating are common for very fine lines and spaces due to the developments in the front-end processing. For example chemical amplified Photo-resists are now moving in the back-end and wafer level packaging process. The results are mainly governed by the performance of the equipment i.e. the photo-tool. This is different for the permanent dielectric polymer material. The major difference in photo-resists and dielectric photo-polymer are the different functions of the material systems. Photo-resists are only temporary masks for subsequent process steps like etching and plating. This is different for the photo-polymers which are a permanent part of the future systems.
In this paper a new technology is discussed which uses a laser scanning ablation process and BCB-Based Dry Film low k Permanent Polymer. Laser ablation of polymers is in principle not a new technology. Low speed and high cost was the major barrier. But the combination of a scanning technology together with quartz masks has opened this technology to overcome the limitation of the current photo-polymer process. The new technology is described in detail and the results of structuring BCB-Based Films down to less than 4 μm via diameter in a 15 μm thick film has been shown. The via side wall can be controlled by the fluence of the laser pulse. Test structures have been designed and fabricated to demonstrate the excellent electrical resistivity of the vias using a two-layer metallization process.
Generalized derivations in prime and semiprime
Authors: Huang Shuliang , Rehman Nadeem Ur 
Published: November 2015

Let $R$ be a prime ring, $I$ a nonzero ideal of $R$ and $m, n$ fixed positive integers. If $R$ admits a generalized derivation $F$ associated with a nonzero derivation $d$ such that $(F([x,y])^{m}=[x,y]_{n}$ for all $x,y\in I$, then $R$ is commutative. Moreover we also examine the case when $R$ is a semiprime ring.
Smarandache Curves In Terms of Sabban Frame of Fixed Pole Curve
Authors: Şenyurt Süleyman , Çalişkan Abdussamet 
Published: November 2015

In this paper, we study the special Smarandache curve interms of Sabban frame of Fixed Pole curve and we give some characterization of Smarandache curves. Besides, we illustrate examples of our results.
On some metabelian 2-group and applications II
Authors: Azizi Abdelmalek , Zekhnini Abdelkader , Taous Mohammed 
Published: November 2015

Let G be some metabelian 2-group satisfying the condition G/G' is of type (2, 2, 2). In this paper, we construct all the subgroups of G of index 2 or 4, we give the abelianization types of these subgroups and we compute the kernel of the transfer map. Then we apply these results to study the capitulation problem of the 2-ideal classes of some fields k satisfying the condition Gal(k_2^{(2)}/k) is isomorphic to G, where k_2^{(2)} is the second Hilbert 2-class field of k.
Peirce, Immediate Perception, and the “New” Unconscious: Neuroscience and Empirical Psychology in Support of a “Well-Known Doctrine”
Authors: Sorrell Kory 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT
This article defends Charles Peirce's “doctrine of immediate perception.” This realistic view holds that conscious agents, due to the work of unconscious mind, directly perceive the world and often know objects, events, and persons as they truly are, independently of how we might prefer to think of them (what is known as our realist intuition). The doctrine provides a promising alternative to more recent views insisting that all experience of the world and other persons is ineluctably mediated by language, along with the categories and biases language inevitably imposes. Peirce's view is further explicated in terms of what neuroscientists now call the “new” unconscious (but to which Peirce contributed to earlier) and supported by recent work in both neuroscience and empirical psychology, especially experiments involving infants. The article supports the conclusion that, while much experience is mediated by language (often helpfully so), direct (and desirable) access to a world that informs and often surprises us persists throughout conscious experience.
Literature, Art, and Sacred Silence in Whitehead's Poetics of Philosophy
Authors: Caranfa Angelo 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT
This article attempts to trace the influence of the Romantic poets Wordsworth and Shelley and of art on Alfred North Whitehead's philosophy of organism. This influence consists of an imaginative structure as to Whitehead's understanding of nature and of content as to the aesthetic values of beauty, truth, and the good.
Bats? Again? William James, Consciousness, and Our Insipid Existence
Authors: Bearn Gordon 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT
It is easy to think of consciousness as a medium, with two teams of philosophers disagreeing over whether the medium is transparent (Qualia do not exist) or translucent (Qualia exist). G. E. Moore's “Refutation of Idealism” is still enlisted in defense of transparence, and Thomas Nagel's “What Is It Like to Be a Bat?” is still used to motivate translucency. I argue against both of these familiar interpretations of these articles and proceed to defend the very first response to Moore's article: James's insistence that consciousness, construed as a transparent or translucent medium, just does not exist. Finally, and quite surprisingly, by refusing to treat consciousness as any sort of medium, James is able to account for how easy it is, and yet how difficult it is, to escape our insipid existence.
Baptism and Conversion Narratives in Eighteenth-Century Methodism: A Norfolk Case Study
Authors: Hart David 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT
This article explores the relationship between baptism and conversion in eighteenth-century Methodism through a case study based on sermons and tracts written between 1757 and 1760. Beginning with a sermon preached in 1757 in Norfolk which was deeply critical of John Wesley, the print debate that followed is explored in the wider context of Wesley's writing on baptism up to 1760. The article examines the theological issues posed in early Methodism as it sought to understand orthodox doctrine of baptism in the light of its emphasis on the new birth and conversion. It also offers an interpretation of Wesley's claim to be loyal to the Church of England while developing a network of religious societies that, arguably, observed initiatory practices of its own.
De Europese erfrechtverklaring, een vogel met een vreemd pluimage
Authors: Heijning S.H. 
Published: November 2015

De Europese Erfrechtverklaring, een vogel met een vreemd pluimage
De Europese Erfrechtverordening schept een nieuw instrument voor de afwikkeling van internationale nalatenschappen voor de Europese burgers: de Europese Erfrechtverklaring. In Nederland heeft de wetgever de notaris aangewezen die de verklaring gaat opstellen. In dit artikel wordt op de inhoud van de verklaring nader ingegaan aan de hand van een aantal vragen.
Archaeology in the Era of Powassan and Expanding Tick-Borne Infection
Authors: Singer Merrill , Bulled Nicola 
Published: November 2015

AbstractArchaeologists face a long list of job-related health risks. In recent decades, these health threats have increased because of the expanded ranges of various tick species, the growing number of human tick-borne diseases, the ability of ticks to harbor and simultaneously transmit multiple pathogens, and the spread to humans of zoonotic tick-borne diseases that have a high fatality rate, including the encephalitis-causing Powassan virus. This paper assesses the health risk that ticks pose to archaeologists working in infested areas, discusses the behaviors that put archaeologists at highest risk, and presents a set of recommendations for reducing potential harm.
Identifying Mimbres Artists
Authors: Russell Will G. , Hegmon Michelle 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPast researchers have identified individual styles of painting in Mimbres Black-on-white bowls, leading Steven LeBlanc to recently call for the development of quantitative methods to enable and assess such identifications. We propose such a methodology here. Through a process of pair-wise, micro-stylistic comparisons, bowls painted by a single artist or group of closely cooperating artists are analytically linked in chain-like fashion. Two bowls are attributed to the “same hands” if their similarity measure is at or above 70 percent. Similarity measures are determined by comparing minute details that reflect artistic decisions. The method takes into account diachronic development of artistic skill, subject matter diversity, and the transfer of style across generations. Results can contribute to an understanding of stylistic development, craft specialization, and the role of artists in traditional societies.
Collecting and Caring for Tree-Ring Samples in the Southwest
Authors: Towner Ronald H. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractDendrochronology is the most precise and accurate dating technique available to archaeologists, with resolution to the year and sometimes season. As biological specimens from human-produced contexts, dendroarchaeological samples inherently contain three kinds of information: chronological, behavioral, and environmental. The purpose of this short article is to educate archaeologists on how to avoid degrading any of these three types of information through improper sample selection, collection, preparation, or transportation techniques. Dendroarchaeology is not without limitations. First and foremost, it is dependent on the behaviors of people who built structures, made artifacts, and burned wood for fuel. If past people did not use wood, or used undateable tree species, dendrochronology will simply not be useful. In some cases, people used dateable species, but their selection criteria did not meet one of the four basic criteria necessary for successful dating. The second most important factor in successful tree-ring dating of archaeological materials is the behavior of archaeologists. Finally, preservation plays an important role in successful dating and the nature of the derived dates, but the paucity of long-lived old trees and degradation of “legacy” wood on the ground have hampered
the development of millennia-long chronologies in more mesic areas.
CLARINO language resource DSpace repository at the University of Bergen Library
Authors: Al Ruwehy Hemed Ali , Gjesdal Øyvind Liland , Kyrkjebø Rune 
Published: November 2015

CLARINO is a Norwegian infrastructure project jointly funded by the Research Council of Norway and a consortium of Norwegian universities and research institutions. Its goal is to implement the Norwegian part of CLARIN. Every CLARIN Centre type B is required to run a dedicated language resource data repository in accordance with certain criteria for good practice and compatibility in the CLARIN infrastructure. The University of Bergen Library (UBL) which participates in CLARINO was assigned the task of implementing and running a repository to primarily manage the resources at the University of Bergen. The repository is also open to other partners in CLARINO and to the whole CLARIN community.In 2013 the University of Bergen decided to use the open software application DSpace, as modified by the Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics at the Charles University in Prague for their CLARIN/LINDAT repository. This poster and demo presents the architecture of the CLARINO Bergen repository. We describe the motivation for using the LINDAT repository as a model. We describe the process of setting up in Bergen the required functions by adapting the LINDAT software where needed.UBL had some previous experience with DSpace for the implementation of the Bergen Open Research Archive. This experience showed that DSpace is a functional and stable platform which is open source and well maintained by an active user community. It provides long term storage and linking, suitable authentication mechanisms, handling of licenses for downloading of resources, and metadata can be harvested at an OAI-PMH endpoint.Our poster presents the Bergen CLARINO repository as a good example of sharing of technical solutions. We will show the main features which has been added in LINDAT in order adapt DSpace for use in CLARIN, namely CMDI metadata integration and a method for license handling which adds the possibility of signing licenses.We will point out remaining technical challenges. A major one has to do with the metadata flow. Our system is able to generate CMDI metadata, as required by CLARIN, from DSpace internal metadata fields. However, there are differences between the Norwegian (CLARINO) and Czech (LINDAT) metadata profiles. Furthermore, DSpace cannot accommodate arbitrary new CMDI profiles. A principal limitation is that DSpace local metadata are a flat structure while CMDI has a hierarchical structure with possible embedding of components in components.
Data modeling and processing as a library service for digital humanities research data management
Authors: Rydving Karin , Kyrkjebø Rune 
Published: November 2015

Our University Library (UBL) have seen the need and potential for strengthening the infrastructure for digital full text resources at the University of Bergen and we wanted better to establish the library’s role in this area.Five years ago, several research communities expressed concerns that it was becoming increasingly difficult to sustain the competence necessary to run and maintain both physical and digital research archives. More specifically a concrete need for supporting XML-based digital humanities text resources was voiced. We felt the UBL could meet this need by providing a new service.A combination of data modeling, data conversion and an active use of open data solutions has in our view shown itself to be an effective solution. We find that in-house data modeling and processing competence is essential in order to cope with tasks connected to digital text and image resources.Our poster will outline our digital service provision by giving selected references and examples.The Wittgenstein Archives at the University of Bergen (WAB) is one example of a recipient of UBL data services. WAB maintains a richly encoded XML version of the complete Nachlass of philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein.A library web resource building upon library data modeling and conversion is MARCUS, which shows how catalogue data and image data for the University Library’s own manuscript collections and photographic collections are currently digitized and interconnected using electronic representations of documents and Linked Data/RDF (Resource Description Format) metadata. MARCUS meets UBLs long felt need for a unified special collections digital system. This relates not only to document storage, display and dissemination, but also to the library workflow for the special collections. Both WAB and MARCUS benefits, strategically and day-to-day, from the same competencies within the library.We think that a sensible future-oriented solution entails that each institution, to a greater degree than before, works with modeling and conversion of its own data. Our view is that using Linked Data/RDF encoding will pave the way to connecting data sets in such a way that they enrich one another. Rather than functioning as system providers, we envision large institutions processing and sharing open datasets, as well as encouraging and enabling others to do the same.In line with LIBERs Ten recommendations for libraries to get started with research data management our view is that data modeling and data conversion, within the frame of an active use of open data solutions, are services that belongs within the portfolio of the research library. Presented by Irene Eikefjord, Senior Librarian, University of Bergen Library
Scholarly profiles, user preferences and impact scores
Authors: Mikki Susanne , Zygmuntowska Marta , Al Ruwehy Hemed Ali , Gjesdal Øyvind Liland 
Published: November 2015

See video of the presentation.We investigate the digital presence of scholars at different academic Web sites. With new technologies, creating profiles, disseminating and exchanging ideas is easily done, and scholars are more likely to attend the networks and impact their community.In our study we compare research profiles of employees at the University of Bergen at five different academic network sites. The sites are ResearchGate, Academia.edu, Google Scholar, ResearcherID and ORCID. CRIStin, the Current Research Information System in Norway (www.cristin.no), is used as a reference value. CRIStin is a national database which contains quality-assured data on scientific publications including supplementary author details such as age, gender, position and affiliation. All investigated sites have varying scopes (and degree of control), but also common features which are worth to investigate and compare.Data is collected using Web scraping applications developed at the University of Bergen Library by searching for the researchers that are affiliated with the University of Bergen. This was achieved by analyzing the Document Object Model (DOM) of every academic site and then building up a set of selectors and expressions, so that the DOM could be traversed programmatically and indicators extracted.Author recognition is then done by comparing names given in the services with names in CRIStin. After extensive data cleansing and deduplication we were able to compare the different services.Our first goal is to determine number of profiles and degree of overlap. The overlap tells us whether scholars are willing to maintain their profiles at several services. Preference of platform in regard to faculty affiliation, position and age is another aspect of our investigation.Further, we analyze extracted indicators in regard to traditional bibliometric and “altmetric” measures. Bibliometric measures are related to publications and citations, while “altmetric” indicators comprise different forms of Web activities such as followers, following, views and downloads. The indicators vary from service to service, and a correlation analysis tells us whether indicators are related to each other or not. We find that about 37% of researchers at the University of Bergen have at least one profile. They are reluctant to maintain several profiles and overlap was therefore relatively small. Age is a poor predictor of web site use, and women are underrepresented on the investigated platforms. The representation is highest at the Faculty of Psychology and the Faculty of Social Sciences (> 40%). Available indicators show high correlation within bibliometric indicators, but correlation is weak with social and activity indicators across platforms.