bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal Parameters are not Substantially Influenced by Load Carriage or Inclination During Treadmill and Overground Walking
Authors: Fellin Rebecca E. , Seay Joseph F. , Gregorczyk Karen N. , Hasselquist Leif 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Influences of load carriage and inclination on spatiotemporal parameters were examined during treadmill and overground walking. Ten soldiers walked on a treadmill and overground with three load conditions (00 kg, 20 kg, 40 kg) during level, uphill (6% grade) and downhill (-6% grade) inclinations at self-selected speed, which was constant across conditions. Mean values and standard deviations for double support percentage, stride length and a step rate were compared across conditions. Double support percentage increased with load and inclination change from uphill to level walking, with a 0.4% stance greater increase at the 20 kg condition compared to 00 kg. As inclination changed from uphill to downhill, the step rate increased more overground (4.3 ± 3.5 steps/min) than during treadmill walking (1.7 ± 2.3 steps/min). For the 40 kg condition, the standard deviations were larger than the 00 kg condition for both the step rate and double support percentage. There was no change between modes for step rate standard deviation. For overground compared to treadmill walking, standard deviation for stride length and double support percentage increased and decreased, respectively. Changes in the load of up to 40 kg, inclination of 6% grade away from the level (i.e., uphill or downhill) and mode (treadmill and overground) produced small, yet statistically significant changes in spatiotemporal parameters. Variability, as assessed by standard deviation, was not systematically lower during treadmill walking compared to overground walking. Due to the small magnitude of changes, treadmill walking appears to replicate the spatiotemporal parameters of overground walking.
Three-Dimensional Motion Analysis of Lumbopelvic Rhythm During Trunk Extension
Authors: Tojima Michio , Ogata Naoshi , Nakahara Yasuo , Haga Nobuhiko 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Hip–spine coordination, known as the lumbopelvic rhythm, can be expressed as the lumbar–hip ratio. The lumbopelvic rhythm and lumbar–hip ratio can be used to assess lower limb function. We clarified the lumbopelvic rhythm and lumbar–hip ratio during trunk extension. We established a novel set of marker positions for three-dimensional motion analysis to assess the lumbar spinal angle. The original markers were placed on both paravertebral muscle groups at the 11th thoracic spinous process level, the 10th and 12th thoracic spinous processes, and the pelvis. We measured angle data during trunk extension using three-dimensional motion analysis, and the data for eight healthy male subjects were categorized into backward and forward phases. The lumbar–hip ratio increased significantly from 1.2 to 1.9 (mean, 1.6) in the backward phase, indicating considerable movement of the lumbar spine compared with hip movement in the latter phase. In the forward phase, the ratio decreased significantly from 1.9 to 0.5 (mean, 1.5). After completion of 80% of the forward phase, the lumbar–hip ratio decreased to <1.0. The lumbopelvic rhythm for trunk extension was better expressed by a cubic or quadratic function than a linear function. According to a linear function, when the hip extends by 1°, lumbar spine extends by 1.9°. Therefore, lumbar spinal movement was greater than hip movement in the sagittal plane. The implication of the curved line would indicate lumbar extension instead of the limitation of hip extension.
Within-Session Stability of Short-Term Heart Rate Variability Measurement
Authors: Cipryan Lukas 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The primary aim of this study was to assess the retest stability of the short-term heart rate variability (HRV) measurement performed within one session and without the use of any intervention. Additionally, a precise investigation of the possible impact of intrinsic biological variation on HRV reliability was also performed. First, a single test-retest HRV measurement was conducted with 20-30 min apart from one another. Second, the HRV measurement was repeated in ten non-interrupted consecutive intervals. The lowest typical error (CV = 21.1%) was found for the square root of the mean squared differences of successive RR intervals (rMSSD) and the highest for the low frequency power (PLF) (CV = 93.9%). The standardized changes in the mean were trivial to small. The correlation analysis revealed the highest level for ln rMSSD (ICC = 0.87), while ln PLF represented the worst case (ICC = 0.59). The reliability indices for ln rMSSD in 10 consecutive intervals improved (CV = 9.9%; trivial standardized changes in the mean; ICC = 0.96). In conclusion, major differences were found in the reliability level between the HRV indices. The rMSSD demonstrated the highest reliability level. No substantial influence of intrinsic biological variation on the HRV reliability was observed.
Influence of Physiological Loading on the Lumbar Spine of National Level Athletes in Different Sports
Authors: Rozan Mansoorehossadat , Rouhollahi Vahid , Rastogi Amit , Dureha Dilip Kumar 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The lumbar spine is subjected to considerable stress during many athletic efforts. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of physiological loading on the lumbar spine in national male players of different games, which may be predictive of the future development of low back pain and injury symptoms. Thirty-four national players (12 cricket players, 12 field hockey players, and 10 basketball players) underwent magnetic resonance imaging, and selected geometric variables including intervertebral disc angles, the Farfan ratio, the lumbar body index, the compression deformity ratio, the biconcave deformity ratio and the anterior wedge deformity ratio were measured using KINOVEA-0.8.15 software and syngo fast view software and calculated using specific formulas. The results indicated a significant difference in the intervertebral disc angle between the three groups at the L2/3, L3/4 and L4/5 levels. In relation to the lumbar vertebral body shape and size, significant differences were found in the lumbar index at the L2 level, in the biconcave deformity at the L1 and L2 levels and in relation to the anterior wedge deformity at L2 between the three selected groups. Our data suggest that the different physiological loadings in the selected sports play an important role in the development of degenerative changes of the lumbar spine, which may be considered a risk factor for future injury and/or low back pain in each specific sport because of the unique demands of each discipline.
Preseason Strategies of Italian First League Soccer Clubs in Relation to their Championship Ranking: A Five-Year Analysis
Authors: Francioni Fabio Massimo , Figueiredo Antonio Jose , Lupo Corrado , Conte Daniele , Capranica Laura , Tessitore Antonio 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This study is focused on the strategies adopted by Italian ‘Serie A’ soccer clubs during the non-competitive period. Thus, duration (i.e., number of days) of the specific non-competitive periods (i.e., off- plus pre-season, off-season, pre-season, summer camp), the number of games (i.e., friendly, official and polled games) and days between games (i.e., ≤ 3, 4-5, or ≥ 6 days between two consecutive games) of the entire non-competitive period were recorded and compared by clubs participating in the European Championships (EU), only ‘Serie A’ (A) and promoted from ‘Serie B’ (B) during five and single seasons (i.e., 2009/10-2013/14). Due to the short B off-season duration (2009/10-2013/14, 2010/11, 2011/12, 2012/13, 2013/14, p≤.001), effects between clubs emerged also for the off- plus preseason (2009/10-2013/14, EU vs A, p≤.01, EU vs B, p≤.01, A vs B, p≤.001; 2011/12, 2012/13, 2013/14, p≤.001). Nevertheless, no difference between clubs resulted for the pre-season. Reduced duration of summer camps was reported by the EU (i.e., 2009/10-2013/14, 2009/10, 2013/14, p≤.001). A higher number of official games were played by EU than A (i.e., 2009/10-2013/14, p≤.001; 2010/11, p≤.01). No effect emerged for the days between games. Therefore, despite the longer ‘Serie B’ schedule and EU preliminary UEFA games that determined the off-season restriction, clubs demonstrated the tendency to guarantee satisfactory pre-season duration.
Investigating the Effects of Typical Rowing Strength Training Practices on Strength and Power Development and 2,000 m Rowing Performance
Authors: Ian Gee Thomas , Caplan Nicholas , Christian Gibbon Karl , Howatson Glyn , Grant Thompson Kevin 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effects of a short-term, strength training intervention, typically undertaken by club-standard rowers, on 2,000 m rowing performance and strength and power development. Twenty-eight male rowers were randomly assigned to intervention or control groups. All participants performed baseline testing involving assessments of muscle soreness, creatine kinase activity (CK), maximal voluntary contraction (leg-extensors) (MVC), static-squat jumps (SSJ), counter-movement jumps (CMJ), maximal rowing power strokes (PS) and a 2,000 m rowing ergometer time-trial (2,000 m) with accompanying respiratory-exchange and electromyography (EMG) analysis. Intervention group participants subsequently performed three identical strength training (ST) sessions, in the space of five days, repeating all assessments 24 h following the final ST. The control group completed the same testing procedure but with no ST. Following ST, the intervention group experienced significant elevations in soreness and CK activity, and decrements in MVC, SSJ, CMJ and PS (p < 0.01). However, 2,000 m rowing performance, pacing strategy and gas exchange were unchanged across trials in either condition. Following ST, significant increases occurred for EMG (p < 0.05), and there were non-significant trends for decreased blood lactate and anaerobic energy liberation (p = 0.063 – 0.086). In summary, club-standard rowers, following an intensive period of strength training, maintained their 2,000 m rowing performance despite suffering symptoms of muscle damage and disruption to muscle function. This disruption likely reflected the presence of acute residual fatigue, potentially in type II muscle fibres as strength and power development were affected.
Indirect Methods of Assessing Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Rowers: Practical Implications for Evaluating Physical Fitness in a Training Cycle
Authors: Klusiewicz Andrzej , Borkowski Lech , Sitkowski Dariusz , Burkhard-Jagodzińska Krystyna , Szczepańska Beata , Ładyga Maria 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of indirect methods of assessment of VO2max for estimation of physical capacity of trained male and female rowers during a training cycle. A group of 8 female and 14 male rowers performed the maximal intensity test simulating the regatta distance (a 2 km test) and a submaximal incremental exercise test on a rowing ergometer. The suitability of the indirect methods of predicting VO2max during the training cycle was evaluated by performing the tests twice: in females at an interval of five months and in males at an interval of seven months. To indirectly estimate VO2max, regression formulas obtained for the linear relationship between the examined effort indices were utilized based on 1) mean power obtained in the 2 km test, and 2) submaximal exercises after the estimation of PWC170. Although the suitability of the two indirect methods of assessment of VO2max was statisticaly confirmed, their usefulness for estimation of changes in physical fitness of trained rowers during the training cycle was rather low. Such an opinion stems from the fact that the total error of these methods (range between 4.2-7.7% in female and 5.1-7.4% in male rowers) was higher than the real differences in VO2max values determined in direct measurements (between the first and the second examination maximal oxygen uptake rose by 3.0% in female rowers and decreased by 4.3% in male rowers).
The Impact of a Good Season Start on Team Performance in Elite Handball
Authors: Lago-Peñas Carlos , Fernández-Villarino María A. , González-García Iván , Sánchez-Fernández Patricio , Sampaio Jaime 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The aim of the current study was (i) to identify how important was a good season start in relation to elite handball teams’ performance, and (ii) to examine if this impact was related to the clubs’ financial budget. The match performances and annual budgets of all teams were collected from the Spanish Professional Handball League during ten seasons. The dependent variable was the difference between the ranking of each team in accordance to the annual budget and the ranking of each team at the end of the season. A k-means cluster analysis classified the clubs according to their budget as High Range Budget Clubs (HRBC), Upper-Mid Range Budget Clubs (UMRBC), Lower-Mid Range Budget Clubs (LMRBC) and Low Range Budget Clubs (LRBC). Data were examined through linear regression models. Overall, the results suggested that the better the team performance at the beginning of the season, the better the ranking at the end of the season. Each position in the ranking above expected in accordance to the budget of the teams in Rounds 3, 4 or 5 improved by 0.47, 0.50 or 0.49, respectively, in the ranking at the end of the season (p<0.05). However, the impact of the effect depended on the clubs’ annual budget. For UMRBC, LMRBC and LRBC a good start to the season had a positive effect on the final outcome (p<0.05). Nevertheless, for HRBC, a good or a bad start of the season did not explain their final position. These variables can be used to develop accurate models to estimate final rankings. UMRBC, LMRBC and LRBC can benefit from fine-tuning preseason planning in order to accelerate the acquisition of optimal performances.
Muscle Strength and Speed Performance in Youth Soccer Players
Authors: Peñailillo Luis , Espíldora Francisco , Jannas-Vela Sebastián , Mujika Iñigo , Zbinden-Foncea Hermann 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This study aimed to examine the relationship between maximum leg extension strength and sprinting performance in youth elite male soccer players. Sixty-three youth players (12.5 ± 1.3 years) performed 5 m, flying 15 m and 20 m sprint tests and a zigzag agility test on a grass field using timing gates. Two days later, subjects performed a one-repetition maximum leg extension test (79.3 ± 26.9 kg). Weak to strong correlations were found between leg extension strength and the time to perform 5 m (r = -0.39, p = 0.001), flying 15 m (r = -0.72, p < 0.001) and 20 m (r = -0.67, p < 0.001) sprints; between body mass and 5 m (r = -0.43, p < 0.001), flying 15 m (r = -0.75, p < 0.001), 20 m (r = -0.65, p < 0.001) sprints and agility (r =-0.29, p < 0.001); and between height and 5 m (r = -0.33, p < 0.01) and flying 15 m (r = -0.74, p < 0.001) sprints. Our results show that leg muscle strength and anthropometric variables strongly correlate with sprinting ability. This suggests that anthropometric characteristics should be considered to compare among youth players, and that youth players should undergo strength training to improve running speed.
A Systematic Review of Psychological Studies Applied to Futsal
Authors: Yeemin Wichai , Dias Cláudia Salomé , Fonseca António Manuel 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This study presents a systematic review of psychological studies applied to futsal. A total of 23 studies were analyzed within five sections: a year overview and the name of journals, research designs, data collection, sample characteristics, and a focus category. This study found that the first psychological articles that were applied to futsal were published in 2008, and the number of publications gradually increased since then. The majority of examined studies were cross-sectional designs and conducted at the elite level in European and Asian countries. Most studies did not use mixed methods and did not specify the age of the subjects. Psychological research applied to futsal focused on athletes, non-athletes and several psychological factors. Critical and innovative reflections were made to highlight research gaps and present suggestions for further research.
Size corrected Significance Tests in Seemingly Unrelated Regressions with Autocorrelated Errors
Authors: Symeonides Spyridon D. , Karavias Yiannis , Tzavalis Elias 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Refined asymptotic methods are used to produce degrees-of-freedom- adjusted Edgeworth and Cornish-Fisher size corrections of the t and F testing procedures for the parameters of a S.U.R. model with serially correlated errors. The corrected tests follow the Student-t and F distributions, respectively, with an approximation error of order

O

τ
3

$$O\left({{\tau ^3}} \right)$$

, where

τ
=
1

/

T

$$\tau = 1/\sqrt T $$

and T is the number of time observations. Monte Carlo simulations provide evidence that the size corrections suggested hereby have better finite sample properties, compared to the asymptotic testing procedures (either standard or Edgeworth corrected), which do not adjust for the degrees of freedom.
Spanish participios activos are adjectival antipassives
Authors: Armstrong Grant 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
In many languages a set of adjectives are characterized by their “past/passive” participial morphology. Lexicalist and syntactic approaches to word formation converge on the claim that such adjectives can be derived from verbal inputs with no external argument but never from verbal inputs with an external argument. That is, there are “adjectival passives” but no “adjectival antipassives” marked with the same morphology. I argue that a sub-class of adjectives marked with the “past/passive” participial morpheme –do in Spanish, labeled participios activos in descriptive grammars, should be treated as adjectival antipassives in precisely this sense. I propose that Spanish has an Asp head that (i) is spelled out with “past/passive” participial morphology and (ii) selects an unergative verbal input creating a state/property whose argument corresponds to the external argument of that verbal source. If on the right track, the proposal supports the existence of a typology of adjectivizing heads that are spelled out uniformly with “past/passive” participial morphology but must be distinguished in terms of selectional and semantic properties (Bruening 2014, Word formation is syntactic: Adjectival passives in English. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 32. 363–422; Embick 2004, On the structure of resultative participles in English. Linguistic Inquiry 35. 355–392). It differs from previous approaches in claiming that such a typology must include root-derived adjectives, as well as ‘active (=unergative)’ and ‘passive’ deverbal adjectives.
Liberale Flügelkämpfe
Authors: Eder Jacob S. 
Published: April 2016

Vorspann
Jung, weiblich, elegant, gebildet und eine entschiedene Streiterin für die Liberalisierung Nachkriegsdeutschlands: Hildegard Hamm-Brücher erregte schon früh in ihrer Karriere als FDP-Politikerin Aufsehen. Doch die Partei war vielfach durchsetzt mit Deutschnationalen oder gar wenig geläuterten Nationalsozialisten. Entsprechende Kräfte im bayerischen Landesverband versuchten 1962 im Vorfeld der bayerischen Landtagswahlen, der politischen Laufbahn von Hamm-Brücher ein Ende zu setzen. Wie und warum dieser Versuch letztlich scheiterte und die Politikerin als Symbolfigur für einen zukunftsorientierten Liberalismus aus dem Streit hervorging, analysiert Jacob Eder in seinem Beitrag.
Género y antiimperialismo en Ancho Mar de los Sargazos de Jean Rhys
Authors: Chacón-Castellanos Aida 
Published: April 2016

Concuerdo con Maricruz Castro (2009), quien señala que género es un concepto mediante el cual quedan manifiestas las construcciones culturales alrededor de la mujer y de lo femenino, así como también del hombre y lo masculino. Considero que la autora Jean Rhys puede brindar una visión de primera mano sobre el tema no solamente de lo femenino sino también del prejuicio racial y el discurso imperialista a partir del cual se construye la identidad del otro. Fundo mi acercamiento en <em>Wide Sargasso Sea</em>, <em>Ancho mar de los Sargazos</em>, de Rhys. La construcción de la figura femenina, ligada a la locura y el prejuicio racial, desde el punto de vista imperialista, son elementos que la autora trata de desvincular desde su muy particular narrativa.
Las danzas del huracán: visión enamorada de La Habana y Veracruz en los años treinta
Authors: Vasquez-Pérez Marlene 
Published: April 2016

Reseña. Véjar Pérez-Rubio, Carlos. (2013). Las danzas del huracán. Veracruz y La Habana en los años treinta. México: CONACULTA/UNAM
Derechos sociales y políticas sociales: en busca de la estabilidad y el equilibrio en América Latina
Authors: Montero-Cordero Fernando 
Published: April 2016

<p>Más allá de lo que pensamos y conocemos del Estado y sus funciones, las políticas sociales han sido pilar fundamental para el combate contra la pobreza y la desigualdad, en mayor o menor medida, según las condiciones que presenten las economías. Los derechos sociales otorgados a través del Estado de derecho, han permitido que países en desarrollo transformen su estructura socioeconómica en igualdad y bienestar común. La ocupación, la gerencia social, la estabilidad macroeconómica y la heterogeneidad estructural son factores comunes en el análisis y aplicación de las acciones propias del Estado. La combinación en el análisis de dichos factores nos da como resultado una gama de posibilidades de propuestas entorno al desarrollo y mejoramiento de la calidad de vida.</p>
Antiimperialismo latinoamericanista en la generación del Bicentenario
Authors: Mora-Ramírez Andrés 
Published: April 2016

<p>En este artículo sostengo la tesis de que uno de los componentes centrales del llamado cambio de época en América Latina, en el siglo XXI, corresponde a una vertiente antiimperialista que se expresa con claridad en dos dimensiones: el acento bolivariano-martiano y antiimperialista del discurso político de los exponentes de la <em>generación del Bicentenario</em>; y segundo, su concreción en la nueva arquitectura de la integración regional, de signo posneoliberal. Se argumenta que el proceso revolucionario, antiimperialista y nacional-popular latinoamericano del siglo XXI, fortaleció la autonomía de la región y su posición en el sistema internacional, desligando su política exterior del sometimiento tradicional a los Estados Unidos.</p>
El antiimperialismo en el arte yla literatura latinoamericanas Integrar para desintegrar: el macrocosmos mapuche
Authors: Burgos-Videla Sergio 
Published: April 2016

Propongo una interpretación crítica de algunos prolegómenos académicos usados en la primera década del siglo XXI en Chile que justifica la extracción y el uso de materiales sonoros que constituyen el devenir excéntrico del Pueblo mapuche. Esta apropiación de materiales sonoros y la fusión con elementos, procedimientos y estéticas que provienen del Occidente invasor, plantean una violenta transculturación y un evidente mestizaje en la creación de la llamada <em>M</em><em>úsica indigenista</em>. Se alude al pueblo mapuche excéntrico pero subyugado por una historia que es anterior a la configuración de Chile como Nación-Estado, producto de la invasión y colonización occidental. Dicha configuración comienza a producir y reproducir estrategias de carácter hegemónico que silencian, desintegran y ocultan la historia donde me pretendo situar para contemplar cómo es la creación de músicas circunscritas a la academia en Chile, por muchos llamadas "indigenistas", se observa el devenir occidental que niega el derecho a la autodeterminación, no solo del pueblo mapuche, sino a la de los pueblos originarios de América, creando imaginarios sociales constituyentes de una cultura que dentro de sus estrategias colonizadoras e invasoras, aplica la de integrar para desintegrar