bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of quantitative polymerase chain reaction for equine herpesvirus‐5 in blood, nasal secretions and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for the laboratory diagnosis of equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Pusterla N. , Magdesian K. G. , Mapes S. M. , Zavodovskaya R. , Kass P. H. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryReasons for performing studyThe ante mortem diagnosis of equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis (EMPF) relies on histopathological results and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐positive equine herpesvirus (EHV)‐5 testing of lung tissue. Polymerase chain reaction detection of EHV‐5 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) is commonly used to support a diagnosis of EMPF. However, the diagnostic power of EHV‐5 testing on BALF and other biological samples such as blood and nasal secretions has yet to be shown to support a diagnosis of EMPF.ObjectivesTo determine the frequency of detection and the viral loads of EHV‐5 by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in blood, nasal secretions and BALF from horses confirmed with EMPF, healthy horses and horses with non‐EMPF pulmonary diseases.Study designProspective study.MethodsThe study population consisted of 70 adult horses divided into 4 groups based on a combination of clinical findings, cytology of BALF, imaging studies of the thoracic cavity and histopathology of pulmonary tissue: control group (n = 14), EMPF group (n = 11); inflammatory airway disease group (n = 32); and non‐EMPF interstitial lung disease group (n = 13). For each horse, whole blood, nasal secretions and BALF were available for EHV‐5 qPCR testing. Sensitivities, specificities and their respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated for viral loads from blood, nasal secretions and BALF. In addition, these measures were calculated for combined use of blood and nasal secretions.ResultsThe detection of EHV‐5 in BALF was strongly associated with EMPF (sensitivity 91%, specificity 98.3%). Detection of EHV‐5 in blood was, independent of the viral loads, strongly associated with EMPF with a sensitivity of 91% and specificity of 83.1%. The detection of EHV‐5 in nasal secretions displayed the highest sensitivity (72.7%) and specificity (83.1%) at a level of >245,890 glycoprotein B target genes/million cells to support a diagnosis of EMPF. Dually positive blood and nasal secretions at any viral loads in support of EMPF yielded a sensitivity and specificity of 90% and 89.8%, respectively.ConclusionsAlthough histopathological confirmation (lung biopsy) is considered the gold standard for EMPF diagnosis, results of qPCR testing of BALF or a combination of whole blood and nasal secretions should be regarded as clinically useful in support of this diagnosis. The latter testing may be relevant when dealing with horses in respiratory distress, for which invasive procedures such as BALF collection or lung biopsies may be detrimental to their health.
Other‐Orientation in Nonnative Spanish and Its Effect on Direct Objects
Authors: Peace Meghann M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractOther‐orientation (Linell, 2009) is an essential element of language in that all speakers dialogue with an “other” when communicating. They take into consideration the other's assumed perspective, knowledge, and needs, and manipulate their language in response to these assumptions. This study investigated the extent to which other‐orientation was present in second language (L2) Spanish learners and, if so, how it affected L2 learners' production of direct object nominal, pronominal, and null expressions. The results indicated that L2 Spanish learners were sensitive to their interlocutors' perspective. However, the actual effect that other‐orientation had on direct object expressions was constrained by the limits of the learners' interlanguage in that only higher‐level learners were capable of manipulating direct object expressions in accordance with the assumed accessibility of the referents. The results support Bardovi‐Harlig's (1999) argument that grammatical competence is a necessary condition of pragmatic competence.
Adverse drug reactions reporting: a questionnaire‐based study on Egyptian pharmacists’ attitudes following an awareness workshop
Authors: Alraie Nehal A , Saad Amr A , Sabry Nirmeen A , Farid Samar F 
Published: December 2015

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesHospital pharmacists can promote medication safety through spontaneous reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). However, different educational interventions and different factors (socio‐demographic and professional) have been implicated to influence the reporting process. The aims of this study were to assess the impact of pharmacovigilance awareness workshop on knowledge of hospital pharmacists; and to identify the main factors and barriers that influence ADRs reporting.MethodsTwo validated self‐administered questionnaires were distributed to pharmacists attending an awareness workshop (pre and post); and a telephone survey was completed three months after the workshop. ADR reports (yellow cards) received from participating pharmacists were monitored for six months, and analysed for quality (validity and seriousness) and reporter demographic and professional factors.ResultsTwo hundred and eighty‐one pharmacists (95.25%) and 270 pharmacists (91.52%) completed pre‐ and post‐workshop questionnaires respectively. A comparison of their knowledge of ADRs to report before and after the workshop showed significant difference (Wilcoxon test P < 0.05). Two hundred and four pharmacists (72.6%) completed the follow‐up questionnaire, with lack of time, administrative barriers and inability to complete patient details being the most frequent reasons for not reporting. A total of 163 yellow cards were received from 49 pharmacists (17.44%) over 6 months, of which 126 reports (77.3%) were serious ADRs. Demographics of reporting pharmacists showed significance for completion of post‐graduate studies, ministry of health hospitals and pharmacist post in hospital.ConclusionDespite pharmacists’ adequate knowledge after the workshop, they failed to maintain consistent reporting. Addressing the barriers to reporting and the personal factors influencing the process may be needed.
Interprofessional Education: A Summary of Reports and Barriers to Recommendations
Authors: Meleis Afaf I. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPurposeEffective, quality care to achieve the newly developed sustainable development goals requires the development of collaborative teams and is predicated on implementing transformative interprofessional education and on team members who are equally empowered. This is a report on The Lancet commission on transformative education for health professionals and the National Academy of Medicine's dialogues on developing and implementing innovations to enhance collaborations and to facilitate the effectiveness of healthcare teams.MethodsUsing postcolonial feminist theory for critical analysis and integrations of findings from both reports, as well as for identification of barriers to achieving equity in team functioning.FindingsThe global Lancet commission and the National Academy of Medicine/Institute of Medicine forum developed frameworks that could be used to educate the next generation of professionals based on identifying the local needs of communities within a global context. Recommendations included breaking down silos that exists between schools and using an equity and justice framework in developing educational programs; utilizing contemporary innovations in teaching that correspond with innovations in healthcare systems; and insuring investments in time, energy, and resources in interprofessional education. However, without addressing the silos created through professional identities and power differentials, goals of interprofessional education and collaborative practice may not be achieved.ConclusionsWhile a great deal has been written about interprofessional education, it is imperative for faculty in the different professional schools and for members of healthcare teams to engage in dialogues that address the fundamental and most obstinate barriers to forming equitable teams, which is the consistent narrative of medical privilege and centrism.Clinical RelevanceThe dialogues about medical privilege and physician centrism in education and health care could drive the development of programmatic approaches to enhancing interprofessional education and teamwork based on justice and equity frameworks.
Mary Robinson and the Idiot's Guide to Sensibility and Oblivion
Authors: Singer Kate 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMary Robinson's now infamous depiction of Sappho's leap into the Leucadian deep at the end of her sonnet sequence Sappho and Phaon has been most often read as the poet's celebration or critique of the poetics of sensibility. Understanding this and other moments from her work as arising from the discourse of suicide reveals Robinson working not simply with or against feeling but rather thinking through epistemology more broadly. Beginning with her earliest poems, Robinson repeatedly depicts moments of oblivion that evacuate the ecstasy of sensation and sensibility, or feeling built on empiricist sensation. Sappho, after she becomes stuck singing the same songs of sickly feeling about Phaon, plots her final leap as an exit from an empiricist idiocy – the constant sensing, emoting, and embodying required of the feeling female poet schooled in empiricist epistemology. Placing herself in conversation with friends and philosophers William Godwin and Mary Wollstonecraft, Robinson skirts both contemporary notions of sentimental and rational suicide. Drawing instead on John Locke's discussion of liberty as the choice to think and forbear to think, exemplified in both Locke and Robinson by cliff leaping, Robinson theorizes suicide as a perverse kind of freedom. Sappho's self‐destruction in the oceanic void figures a radical turn past Enlightenment forms of knowing – particularly those dependent on sensation and passion – to a new epistemological horizon.
Introduction: Romanticism and Suicide
Authors: Faubert Michelle , Reynolds Nicole 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis essay introduces the issue ofLiterature Compassthat explores the topic of female suicide and Romantic literature, culture, and criticism. Although little critical work has been published on suicide and Romanticism to date, the subject addresses concerns that several major recent works on Romanticism have studied, such as the body and medicine, psychology, violence, and protest against political and domestic tyranny. Historically, too, the topic of Romanticism and suicide appears tangentially in well‐known scholarship about melancholy, madness, genius, the sublime, and the transcendental. As the articles in this issue make clear, female suicide in the Romantic era emerges as a powerful trope through which a range of discourses – aesthetic, scientific, religious, philosophical, and political – converge to manage the culture's most unknowable, recalcitrant subjects and bodies, women and subalterns chief among these. By exploring the ways in which current and established criticism has touched on issues related to Romanticism and suicide, and in particular female suicide, this introduction argues for the timely relevance of the topic and highlights new directions for further inquiry.
Annealing of radiation damage in zircons from Apollo 14 impact breccia 14311: Implications for the thermal history of the breccia
Authors: Pidgeon R. T. , Merle R. E. , Grange M. L. , Nemchin A. A. , Whitehouse M. J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractImpact breccia 14311, was collected from the Apollo 14 landing site as a potential sample of the underlying Fra Mauro Formation. Published zircon U‐Pb ages of >4000 Ma date the source material of the breccia and the apatite U‐Pb age of ~3940 Ma is interpreted as dating thermal resetting of the apatite U‐Pb systems. In this contribution we present new age information on the late stage thermal history of the breccia based on the annealing of radiation damage in the zircons. From Raman spectroscopic determination of the radiation damage within SIMS analytical spots on the zircons and the U and Th concentrations determined on these spots, we demonstrate that the radiation damage in the zircons has been annealed and we estimate the age of annealing at 3410 ± 80 Ma. This age is interpreted as a cooling age following heating of the breccia to above the annealing temperature of ~230 °C for stage 1 radiation damage in zircon, but below the temperature needed to reset the U‐Pb system of apatite (~500 °C). It is proposed that this thermal event was associated with the prolonged period of Mare volcanism, from 3150 to 3750 Ma, that generated massive basalt flows in the vicinity of the sample location.
Petrology and provenance of a very‐low‐titanium picrite clast in lunar highland regolith breccia 15295
Authors: Sonzogni Yann , Kramer Georgiana Y. , Treiman Allan H. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractClast 100 in regolith breccia 15295 could be a key to resolving the relationship(s) between mare basalts and lunar picritic glasses. The clast is basaltic, with texture, mineralogy, mineral compositions, and calculated bulk composition suggesting that it crystallized in a thick lava flow or shallow intrusive body from a very‐low‐titanium (VLT) basaltic magma. The estimated bulk composition of clast 15295,100 is primitive (i.e., magnesian) compared to those of known VLT basalts, and is very close to those of VLT picritic green glasses, especially the Apollo 14 A green glass. From these similarities, we infer that clast 15295,100 is a crystalline product of a picritic magma similar to the Apollo 14 A glass. Clementine and M3 remotely sensed data of the lunar surface were used to find areas that have chemical compositions consistent with those of clast 15295,100, not only near the Apollo 15 site, but in a broad region surrounding the site. Two regions are consistent with clast's 15295,100 compositional data. The larger region is in southern Mare Imbrium, and a smaller region is in the eastern half of Sinus Aestuum. These locations should be considered as candidates for future missions focusing on sample science.
Into and out of the tropics: global diversification patterns in a hyperdiverse clade of ectomycorrhizal fungi
Authors: Looney Brian P. , Ryberg Martin , Hampe Felix , Sánchez‐García Marisol , Matheny P. Brandon 
Published: December 2015

AbstractEctomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, symbiotic mutualists of many dominant tree and shrub species, exhibit a biogeographic pattern counter to the established latitudinal diversity gradient of most macroflora and fauna. However, an evolutionary basis for this pattern has not been explicitly tested in a diverse lineage. In this study, we reconstructed a mega‐phylogeny of a cosmopolitan and hyperdiverse genus of ECM fungi, Russula, sampling from annotated collections and utilizing publically available sequences deposited in GenBank. Metadata from molecular operational taxonomic unit cluster sets were examined to infer the distribution and plant association of the genus. This allowed us to test for differences in patterns of diversification between tropical and extratropical taxa, as well as how their associations with different plant lineages may be a driver of diversification. Results show that Russula is most species‐rich at temperate latitudes and ancestral state reconstruction shows that the genus initially diversified in temperate areas. Migration into and out of the tropics characterizes the early evolution of the genus, and these transitions have been frequent since this time. We propose the ‘generalized diversification rate’ hypothesis to explain the reversed latitudinal diversity gradient pattern in Russula as we detect a higher net diversification rate in extratropical lineages. Patterns of diversification with plant associates support host switching and host expansion as driving diversification, with a higher diversification rate in lineages associated with Pinaceae and frequent transitions to association with angiosperms.
Improvement of water and light availability after thinning at a xeric site: which matters more? A dual isotope approach
Authors: Giuggiola Arnaud , Ogée Jérôme , Rigling Andreas , Gessler Arthur , Bugmann Harald , Treydte Kerstin 
Published: December 2015

SummaryThinning fosters individual tree growth by increasing the availability of water, light and nutrients. At sites where water rather than light is limiting, thinning also enhances soil evaporation and might not be beneficial. Detailed knowledge of the short‐ to long‐term physiological response underlying the growth responses to thinning is crucial for the management of forests already suffering from recurrent drought‐induced dieback.We applied a dual isotope approach together with mechanistic isotope models to study the physiological processes underlying long‐term growth enhancement of heavily thinnedPinus sylvestrisin a xeric forest in Switzerland. This approach allowed us to identify and disentangle thinning‐induced changes in stomatal conductance and assimilation rate.At our xeric study site, the increase in stomatal conductance far outweighed the increase in assimilation, implying that growth release in heavily thinned trees is primarily driven by enhanced water availability rather than increased light availability.We conclude that in forests with relatively isohydric species (drought avoiders) that are growing close to their physiological limits, thinning is recommended to maintain a less negative water balance and thus foster tree growth, and ultimately the survival of forest trees under drought.
La armonización territorial: su incorporación en la planificación y gestión administrativa mediante la gestión del riesgo
Authors: Villegas Rodríguez Ernesto 
Published: December 2015

A lo largo del artículo emergen varios elementos con los cuales se puede establecer la incidencia de las políticas públicas en las tomas de decisión en el territorio, sobre todo en la utilización de tres instrumentos de planificación y de gestión territorial como el Plan de Desarrollo (PD), el Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial (POT) y los Planes de Manejo Integral de Cuencas Hidrográficas (Pomca), estructurados por medio de las Unidades de Planificación y de Gestión Territorial (UPGT). Estos permiten articular el desarrollo de programas y proyectos en un territorio asociado en municipios y departamentos, con el motivo de invertir y localizar infraestructuras que reduzcan la vulnerabilidad y amenaza en áreas que han sido objeto de deslizamientos e inundaciones e intervenidas por el Gobierno nacional mediante la Ley 1523 de 2012 de Gestión del Riesgo y complementadas por otras normas que fortalecen la dimensión ambiental, social, económica y administrativa que coadyuvan a un ordenamiento territorial más integral. La participación de actores y sectores públicos y privados y la sociedad civil son coordinados con la puesta en marcha de los Comités de Integración Territorial (CIT), que jalonan los procesos administrativos alrededor del riesgo y de los desastres naturales asociados, en muchos casos, con las actividades humanas
Los inicios de la insustentabilidad: problemas urbanos e institucionalidad en la ciudad de Temuco, 1955-1970
Authors: Vergara-Erices Luis , Gola Muñoz Rodrigo , Huiliñir Curío Viviana 
Published: December 2015

Este trabajo explora los problemas urbanos que aquejaron a Temuco (Chile) entre 1955 y 1970 y la manera como la institucionalidad intentó resolverlos. Para reconstruir la historia del desarrollo urbano local, se acudió a fuentes primarias, archivos de prensa, registros de la intendencia regional y actas de los Concejos municipales. Los resultados indican que, en aquel entonces, la ciudad experimentó un fuerte crecimiento poblacional derivado de la migración campo-ciudad, generada por el modelo ISI, lo que originó una serie de inconvenientes como pavimentación, congestiónn vehicular, falta de servicios básicos y la carencia de viviendas. Se concluye que los esfuerzos institucionales centralizados provocaron soluciones lentas y poco adaptadas a la realidad local e intensificaron los efectos de los problemas y contribuyeron a desestabilizar el equilibrio entre las esferas de la sustentabilidad.
Previ: la tipología entre la fluidez de la vida y el rigor de la edificación
Authors: Gutiérrez Mozo María Elia , Pérez del Hoyo Raquel 
Published: December 2015

Hace diez años que el Proyecto Experimental de Vivienda (Previ), de Lima, a propósito de la convocatoria de investigación de la Bienal Iberoamericana de Arquitectura y Urbanismo celebrada en 2004 en esta ciudad, despertó un renovado interés en arquitectos jóvenes y comprometidos que se aproximaban a esta experiencia con la mirada atenta de quien desea aprender para construir vivienda social de irrenunciable vocación urbana. Asimismo, la asignatura pendiente de la industrialización en la vivienda de bajo coste ha propiciado el estudio de este caso. Después de plantear los aspectos básicos de Previ que nos permiten entenderlo y proyectarlo en su contexto, este artículo se acerca de nuevo a esa experiencia para leerla desde las claves proyectuales tipológicas que, a nuestro parecer, tienden un puente entre la vida que fluye (la utilitas) y el rigor que reclama la re edificatoria (la firmitas).
La Universidad de Antioquia como institución promotora de la salud (Medellín, Colombia, 2010-2013)
Authors: Gaviria Mendez Alba Emilse 
Published: December 2015

<p>La promoción de la salud en el ámbito universitario se concreta cuando en sus entornos se manifiesta la vida saludable de su comunidad educativa. El objetivo de este artículo es compartir la experiencia de la Universidad de Antioquia como universidad promotora de la salud. Este proceso se inició en Bienestar Universitario, al gestionar tres servicios: 1) Promoción de la Salud Sexual y la Afectividad, 2) Autocuidado en<br />Salud y 3) Programa para la Salud Psicofísica. En 2005 se formalizó la propuesta de Universidad Saludable, mediante la Resolución Rectoral 20535 de 2005. A partir de 2010 se introdujo el concepto de universidad promotora de la salud, con sus tres ejes: el de investigación, la transversalización del currículo y la participación de estudiantes. Estos ejes se materializaron en tres proyectos: el primero, Facultad Saludable y<br />Segura, de la Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, que permitió plantear estrategias de ambientes laborales saludables y de transversalización de la promoción de la salud en los currículos académicos e investigativo; el segundo, Promotores de Bienestar, que logró la participación de estudiantes para trabajar con sus pares en promoción de la salud, y el tercero, Universidad Libre de Humo, que llevó a que las facultades de Medicina y Odontología se declararan libres de humo. Finalmente, se concluye que la Universidad de Antioquia, como universidad promotora de la salud, se logró materializar a través de tres proyectos. La voluntad política institucional y de los actores comprometidos es un factor clave de éxito para garantizar su continuidad.</p>