bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modified ideal observer model (MIOM) for high‐contrast and high‐spatial resolution CT imaging tasks
Authors: Cruz‐Bastida Juan P. , Gomez‐Cardona Daniel , Garrett John , Szczykutowicz Timothy , Chen Guang‐Hong , Li Ke 
Published: June 2017

PurposeAlthough a variety of mathematical observer models have been developed to predict human observer performance for low contrast lesion detection tasks, their predictive power for high contrast and high spatial resolution discrimination imaging tasks, including those in CT bone imaging, could be limited. The purpose of this work was to develop a modified observer model that has improved correlation with human observer performance for these tasks.MethodsThe proposed observer model, referred to as the modified ideal observer model (MIOM), uses a weight function to penalize components in the task function that have less contribution to the actual human observer performance for high contrast and high spatial resolution discrimination tasks. To validate MIOM, both human observer and observer model studies were performed, each using exactly the same CT imaging task [discrimination of a connected component in a high contrast (1000 HU) high spatial resolution bone fracture model (0.3 mm)] and experimental CT image data. For the human observer studies, three physicist observers rated the connectivity of the fracture model using a five‐point Likert scale; for the observer model studies, a total of five observer models, including both conventional models and the proposed MIOM, were used to calculate the discrimination capability of the CT images in resolving the connected component. Images used in the studies encompassed nine different reconstruction kernels. Correlation between human and observer model performance for these kernels were quantified using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient (ρ). After the validation study, an example application of MIOM was presented, in which the observer model was used to select the optimal reconstruction kernel for a High‐Resolution (Hi‐Res, GE Healthcare) CT scan technique.ResultsThe performance of the proposed MIOM correlated well with that of the human observers with a Spearman rank correlation coefficient ρ of 0.88 (P = 0.003). In comparison, the value of ρ was 0.05 (P = 0.904) for the ideal observer, 0.05 (P = 0.904) for the non‐prewhitening observer, −0.18 (P = 0.634) for the non‐prewhitening observer with eye filter and internal noise, and 0.30 (P = 0.427) for the prewhitening observer with eye filter and internal noise. Using the validated MIOM, the optimal reconstruction kernel for the Hi‐Res mode to perform high spatial resolution and high contrast discrimination imaging tasks was determined to be the HD Ultra kernel at the center of the scan field of view (SFOV), or the Lung kernel at the peripheral region of the SFOV. This result was consistent with visual observations of nasal CT images of an in vivo canine subject.ConclusionCompared with other observer models, the proposed modified ideal observer model provides significantly improved correlation with human observers for high contrast and high spatial resolution CT imaging tasks.
On the accuracy factors and computational cost of the GIAO–DFT calculation of 15N NMR chemical shifts of amides
Authors: Samultsev Dmitry O. , Semenov Valentin A. , Krivdin Leonid B. 
Published: June 2017

The main factors affecting the accuracy and computational cost of Gauge‐independent Atomic Orbital–density functional theory (GIAO–DFT) calculation of 15N NMR chemical shifts in the benchmark series of 16 amides are considered. Among those are the choice of the DFT functional and basis set, solvent effects, internal reference conversion factor and applicability of the locally dense basis set (LDBS) scheme. Solvent effects are treated within the polarizable continuum model (PCM) scheme as well as at supermolecular level with solvent molecules considered in explicit way. The best result is found for Keal and Tozer's KT3 functional used in combination with Jensen's pcS‐3 basis set with taking into account solvent effects within the polarizable continuum model. The proposed LDBS scheme implies pcS‐3 on nitrogen and pc‐2 elsewhere in the molecule. The resulting mean average error for the calculated 15N NMR chemical shifts is about 6 ppm. The application of the LDBS approach tested in a series of 16 amides results in a dramatic decrease in computational cost (more than an order of magnitude in time scale) with insignificant loss of accuracy.
Rates and predictors of psychotherapy utilization after psychosocial evaluation for stem cell transplant
Authors: Penalba Valentina , Asvat Yasmin , Deshields Teresa L. , Vanderlan Jessica R. , Chol Nyadow 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveAlthough standard of care prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) includes a psychosocial evaluation, little is known about the rate and predictors of psychotherapy utilization among patients presenting for pre‐HSCT evaluations. This study aimed to examine the proportion of patients undergoing pre‐HSCT evaluations who subsequently utilize psychotherapy services and to explore predictive factors, including distress, anxiety, depression, and quality of life (QoL).MethodsParticipants were a cross‐sectional sample of 351 HSCT candidates at an NCI‐designated comprehensive cancer center. Questionnaires assessing distress, anxiety, depression, and QoL were administered using validated instruments.ResultsA subset of patients, representing 14% of the sample, utilized psychotherapy services. Relative to patients who did not utilize psychological services, patients who followed‐up with psychotherapy reported significantly more depressive and anxious symptoms (P < .001) and endorsed worse QoL on the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy—General. (P = .04). Of note, a subset of patients who utilized psychotherapy services reported low levels of distress (67%), depression (13%), or anxiety (13%); on the other hand, a subset of patients reported moderate‐to‐high levels of distress (25%), depression (71%), or anxiety (60%) but did not utilize services.ConclusionsResults indicate that only a small subset of patients presenting for pre‐HSCT psychosocial evaluation subsequently utilized psychotherapy services. Most patients who reported psychosocial concerns and who could potentially benefit from intervention did not use psychotherapy services. Further research is necessary to help clarify barriers to psychotherapy service utilization among HSCT patients and to help improve uptake among high‐need patients.
Follow‐up on the characterization of peptidic markers in hair and fur for the identification of common North American species
Authors: Solazzo Caroline 
Published: June 2017

RationaleSpecies identification of hair is routinely done by microscopic analysis. Following previous studies that used protein analysis to characterize species markers in hair and wool, the present work aims at covering a larger number of species and to ultimately offer a method for rapid hair identification in forensics and archaeology.MethodsHair is mostly made of alpha‐keratins; these proteins have only been sequenced in a handful of species and most animal families are under‐represented. Using a methodology developed for the characterization of peptidic markers in tissues such as bone (peptide mass fingerprinting or PMF) and commonly applied on collagen, hair from common North American fur‐bearing species was analyzed by MALDI‐TOF‐MS to obtain peptidic profiles.ResultsAlpha‐keratin peptides that are typically dominant on peptide mass profiles of hair were chosen as markers. Matching peaks were identified for each species tested and compared to known sequences from related organisms whenever possible. The markers were used to create a flowchart to narrow down identification to the family level.ConclusionsThe methodology was developed on a limited numbers of markers chosen for their variability and reliability on the peptide mass fingerprint. In the absence of genetic sequences, this strategy is a quick way to compare species from a common geographic origin. The work presented here was focused on North American species but could be applied to other animal families.
Real‐time hybrid control of electrohydraulic active suspension
Authors: Shaer Bassel , Kenné Jean‐Pierre , Kaddissi Claude , Mintsa Honorine Angue 
Published: June 2017

SummaryElectrohydraulic actuators are an attractive choice for active suspension, because these systems provide a high power‐to‐weight ratio. However, their dynamics are highly nonlinear. In addition, the use of one simple controller for both position and force is complicated, because there is a compromise between them in the case of active suspension. Most existing controllers do not efficiently fulfill the requirements, because only one state variable is considered.In this paper, we address these problems by developing a new hybrid controller for both position and force and implementing it in a real‐time test bench. Our goal is to control the vertical position of the passenger seat while tracking the force transmitted to passengers and keeping it within tolerable and comfortable limits. Therefore, the proposed controller is a combination of two controllers. Its flexible structure redirects the control signal to control the proper controlled state variable. The real‐time results of the newly designed hybrid controller are compared with those obtained using a classical proportional integral derivative controller, because this is the most widely used controller in the industry. As expected, the proposed controller demonstrates better performance in real‐time operation. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cognitive and Motivational Challenges in Writing: Studying the Relation With Writing Performance Across Students' Gender and Achievement Level
Authors: De Smedt Fien , Merchie Emmelien , Barendse Mariska , Rosseel Yves , De Naeghel Jessie , Van Keer Hilde 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn the past, several assessment reports on writing repeatedly showed that elementary school students do not develop the essential writing skills to be successful in school. In this respect, prior research has pointed to the fact that cognitive and motivational challenges are at the root of the rather basic level of elementary students' writing performance. Additionally, previous research has revealed gender and achievement‐level differences in elementary students' writing. In view of providing effective writing instruction for all students to overcome writing difficulties, the present study provides more in‐depth insight into (a) how cognitive and motivational challenges mediate and correlate with students' writing performance and (b) whether and how these relations vary for boys and girls and for writers of different achievement levels. In the present study, 1,577 fifth‐ and sixth‐grade students completed questionnaires regarding their writing self‐efficacy, writing motivation, and writing strategies. In addition, half of the students completed two writing tests, respectively focusing on the informational or narrative text genre. Based on multiple group structural equation modeling (MG‐SEM), we put forward two models: a MG‐SEM model for boys and girls and a MG‐SEM model for low, average, and high achievers. The results underline the importance of studying writing models for different groups of students in order to gain more refined insight into the complex interplay between motivational and cognitive challenges related to students' writing performance.
Allogeneic MSCs and Recycled Autologous Chondrons Mixed in a One-Stage Cartilage Cell Transplantion: A First-in-Man Trial in 35 Patients
Authors: de Windt Tommy S. , Vonk Lucienne A. , Slaper-Cortenbach Ineke C. M. , Nizak Razmara , van Rijen Mattie H. P. , Saris Daniel B. F. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMSCs are known as multipotent mesenchymal stem cells that have been found capable of differentiating into various lineages including cartilage. However, recent studies suggest MSCs are pericytes that stimulate tissue repair through trophic signaling. Aimed at articular cartilage repair in a one-stage cell transplantation, this study provides first clinical evidence that MSCs stimulate autologous cartilage repair in the knee without engrafting in the host tissue. A phase I (first-in-man) clinical trial studied the one-stage application of allogeneic MSCs mixed with 10% or 20% recycled defect derived autologous chondrons for the treatment of cartilage defects in 35 patients. No treatment-related serious adverse events were found and statistically significant improvement in clinical outcome shown. Magnetic resonance imaging and second-look arthroscopies showed consistent newly formed cartilage tissue. A biopsy taken from the center of the repair tissue was found to have hyaline-like features with a high concentration of proteoglycans and type II collagen. DNA short tandem repeat analysis delivered unique proof that the regenerated tissue contained patient-DNA only. These findings support the hypothesis that allogeneic MSCs stimulate a regenerative host response. This first-in-man trial supports a paradigm shift in which MSCs are applied as augmentations or “signaling cells” rather than differentiating stem cells and opens doors for other applications.
Species distributions models in wildlife planning: agricultural policy and wildlife management in the great plains
Authors: Fontaine Joseph J. , Jorgensen Christopher F. , Stuber Erica F. , Gruber Lutz F. , Bishop Andrew A. , Lusk Jeffrey J. , Zach Eric S. , Decker Karie L. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTWe know economic and social policy has implications for ecosystems at large, but the consequences for a given geographic area or specific wildlife population are more difficult to conceptualize and communicate. Species distribution models, which extrapolate species‐habitat relationships across ecological scales, are capable of predicting population changes in distribution and abundance in response to management and policy, and thus, are an ideal means for facilitating proactive management within a larger policy framework. To illustrate the capabilities of species distribution modeling in scenario planning for wildlife populations, we projected an existing distribution model for ring‐necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) onto a series of alternative future landscape scenarios for Nebraska, USA. Based on our scenarios, we qualitatively and quantitatively estimated the effects of agricultural policy decisions on pheasant populations across Nebraska, in specific management regions, and at wildlife management areas. Published 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
The Genetics Journey: A Case Report of a Genetic Diagnosis Made 30 Years Later
Authors: Williams Linford A. , Quinonez Shane C. , Uhlmann Wendy R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMandibulofacial dysostosis with microcephaly (MFDM) is a rare autosomal dominant condition that was first described in 2006. The causative gene, EFTUD2, identified in 2012. We report on a family that initially presented to a pediatric genetics clinic in the 1980s for evaluation of multiple congenital anomalies. Re‐evaluation of one member thirty years later resulted in a phenotypic and molecularly confirmed diagnosis of MFDM. This family's clinical histories and the novel EFTUD2 variant identified, c.1297_1298delAT (p.Met433Valfs*17), add to the literature about MFDM. This case presented several genetic counseling challenges and highlights that “the patient” can be multiple family members. We discuss testing considerations for an unknown disorder complicated by the time constraint of the patient's daughter's pregnancy and how the diagnosis changed previously provided recurrence risks. Of note, 1) the 1980s clinic visit letters provided critical information about affected family members and 2) the patient's husband's internet search of his wife's clinical features also yielded the MFDM diagnosis, illustrating the power of the internet in the hands of patients. Ultimately, this case emphasizes the importance of re‐evaluation given advances in genetics and the value of a genetic diagnosis for both patient care and risk determination for family members.
Up to 21 Different Sulfur‐Heterocyclic Fatty Acids in Rapeseed and Mustard Oil
Authors: Eibler Dorothee , Hammerschick Tim , Buck Leonie , Vetter Walter 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThree sulfur‐heterocyclic fatty acids (SHFA) had been tentatively identified in rapeseed oil in the late 1980s. In this study we aimed to enrich and verify the presence of potential SHFA in one sample of native rapeseed oil, refined rapeseed oil and mustard seed oil. Fifty‐gram samples of the three oils were individually saponified and converted into methyl esters. The resulting samples were hydrogenated and subjected three times to urea complexation. The resulting extracts of native rapeseed oil and mustard oil contained 21 different SHFA with 18, 20, 22 or 24 carbons. The refined rapeseed oil contained only nine C18‐SHFA. Structure investigation of the SHFA was performed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) using methyl esters and also 3‐pyridylcarbinol esters. A direct screening of non‐enriched samples by GC/MS in the selected ion monitoring mode and by GC with flame photometric detector (sulfur‐selective) verified that the SHFA were native compounds of the oils and no artefacts of the sample preparation. Similar abundances of the four isomer groups of SHFA with monoenoic fatty acids of the same carbon number in these and five further rapeseed and mustard samples indicated that these could be the precursors of the SHFA.
Brief note: Applying developmental intergroup perspectives to the social ecologies of bullying: Lessons from developmental social psychology☆
Authors: Brenick Alaina , Halgunseth Linda C. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTOver the past decades, the field of bullying research has seen dramatic growth, notably with the integration of the social‐ecological approach to understanding bullying. Recently, researchers (Hymel et al., 2015; Hawley & Williford, 2015) have called for further extension of the field by incorporating constructs of group processes into our investigation of the social ecologies of bullying. This brief note details the critical connections between power, social identity, group norms, social and moral reasoning about discrimination and victimization, and experiences of, evaluations of, and responses to bullying. The authors highlight a parallel development in the bridging of developmental social‐ecological and social psychological perspectives utilized in the field of social exclusion that provides a roadmap for extending the larger field of bullying research.This article is part of a Special Issue entitled [VSI: Bullying] IG000050.
Brachial Plexus Injury in a 6‐Year‐Old Boy with 100% Displaced Proximal Humeral Metaphyseal Fracture: A Case Presentation
Authors: Jovanovich Elizabeth Nora , Howard James F. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPosttraumatic brachial plexopathies can occur following displaced proximal humeral fractures, causing profound functional deficits. Described here is an unusual case of a displaced proximal humeral metaphyseal fracture in a young child. The patient underwent closed reduction and serial casting, but hand weakness and forearm sensory loss persisted. Needle electromyography localized the injury to the mid/proximal arm near the fracture site, resulting in damage to the posterior and medial cords of the brachial plexus with profound involvement of the radial, ulnar, and median nerves and sparing of the axillary nerve. After months of occupational therapy, hand strength improved, with a nearly full return of function.Level of EvidenceV
Where Are the Women? The Underrepresentation of Women Physicians Among Recognition Award Recipients From Medical Specialty Societies
Authors: Silver Julie K. , Slocum Chloe S. , Bank Anna M. , Bhatnagar Saurabha , Blauwet Cheri A. , Poorman Julie A. , Villablanca Amparo , Parangi Sareh 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMembership in medical societies is associated with a number of benefits to members that may include professional education, opportunities to present research, scientific and/or leadership training, networking, and others. In this perspective article, the authors address the value that medical specialty society membership and inclusion have in the development of an academic physician's career and how underrepresentation of women may pose barriers to their career advancement. Because society membership itself is not likely sufficient to support the advancement of academic physicians, this report focuses on one key component of advancement that also can be used as a measure of inclusion in society activities—the representation of women physicians among recipients of recognition awards. Previous reports demonstrated underrepresentation of women physicians among recognition award recipients from 2 physical medicine and rehabilitation specialty organizations, including examples of zero or near‐zero results. This report investigated whether zero or near‐zero representation of women physicians among recognition award recipients from medical specialty societies extended beyond the field of physical medicine and rehabilitation. Examples of the underrepresentation of women physicians, as compared with their presence in the respective field, was found across a range of additional specialties, including dermatology, neurology, anesthesiology, orthopedic surgery, head and neck surgery, and plastic surgery. The authors propose a call for action across the entire spectrum of medical specialty societies to: (1) examine gender diversity and inclusion data through the lens of the organization's mission, values, and culture; (2) transparently report the results to members and other stakeholders including medical schools and academic medical centers; (3) investigate potential causes of less than proportionate representation of women; (4) implement strategies designed to improve inclusion; (5) track outcomes as a means to measure progress and inform future strategies; and (6) publish the results to engage community members in conversation about the equitable representation of women.
Transoral robotic surgery for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: Principles and technique
Authors: Vicini Claudio , Montevecchi Filippo , Gobbi Riccardo , De Vito Andrea , Meccariello Giuseppe 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveThe present study is a review of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea‐hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).MethodsThe review presents the experience of the robotic center that developed the technique with regards to patient selection, surgical method, and post‐operative care. In addition, the review provides results of a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the complications and clinical outcomes of TORS when applied in the management of OSAHS.ResultsThe rate of success, defined as 50% reduction of pre‐operative AHI and an overall AHI <20 events/h, is achieved in up to 76.6% of patients with a range between 53.8% and 83.3%. The safety of this approach is reasonable as the main complication (bleeding) affected 4.2% of patients (range 4.2%–5.3%). However, transient dysphagia (7.2%; range 5%–14%) does compromise the quality of life and must be discussed with patients preoperatively.ConclusionsTORS for the treatment of OSAHS appears to be a promising and safe procedure for patients seeking an alternative to traditional therapy. Appropriate patient selection remains an important consideration for successful implementation of this novel surgical approach requiring further research.