bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between timing of elective cesarean delivery and adverse outcomes among women with at least two previous cesareans
Authors: Hamadneh Jehan , Alchalabi Haifaa , Hamadneh Shereen , Amarin Zouhair , Khader Yousef S. , Kassab Manal , Bani‐Hani Mahmoud 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the impact of delivery at 37 weeks of pregnancy versus 38 weeks or later on maternal and neonatal outcomes among women with multiple previous cesareans.MethodsIn a retrospective study, data were assessed from women with at least two previous cesareans who delivered by cesarean at 37 weeks of pregnancy or later at a tertiary referral hospital in Jordan between January 2013 and November 2015.ResultsAmong 886 eligible women, 505 (57.0%) delivered at 37 weeks (group 1) and 381 (43.0%) delivered at 38 weeks or later (group 2). There was no difference in intraoperative or postoperative complications between the two groups. In multivariate analysis, women in group 2 had lower odds of delivering neonates with respiratory distress syndrome than did those in group 1 (adjusted odds ratio 0.3, 95% confidence interval 0.2–0.5; P=0.046). However, neonatal jaundice was more common in group 2 (adjusted odds ratio 2.1, 95% confidence interval 1.7–2.7; P=0.035).ConclusionAmong women with multiple cesareans, delivery at 37 weeks was associated with increased risk of neonatal respiratory morbidity and decreased risk of neonatal jaundice, but not with a reduction in maternal complications, as compared with delivery at 38 weeks or later.
Phosphorus recovery from simulated municipal wastewater (SMW) through the crystallization of magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate (MAP)
Authors: Mpountas Ioannis , Papadakis Emmanuel , Koutsoukos Petros 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhosphorus and nitrogen recovery from municipal and/or industrial wastewater treatment plants in the form of magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate (MgNH4PO4·6H2O, MAP, Struvite) is an attractive alternative for the valorization of wastes. Although efforts have been focused on the recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients from wastewater at alkaline pH, removal of these nutrients in weakly acid pH is still challenging. The advantage of acid pH is that the precipitation of heavy metals in the form of insoluble hydroxides is avoided provided that their concentrations are relatively low.RESULTSThe metastable zone width of solutions, supersaturated with respect to MAP at pH 6.50 was investigated. The kinetics of MAP formation both in unseeded and in seeded solutions was investigated in batch reactors at constant supersaturation. The rates of crystal growth of MAP on seed crystals showed a parabolic dependence on the relative supersaturation. The concentration of the inoculating seed crystals affected the rates of crystal growth.CONCLUSIONSIt is possible to crystallize MAP at pH values of 6.50 provided that the supersaturation is sufficient. From the rate dependence on relative supersaturation (parabolic) it was concluded that the crystal growth mechanism was surface diffusion controlled for the integration of the growth units at the active crystal growth sites. Secondary nucleation, depending on the solution supersaturation, was observed within the stable domain of the metastable zone. The morphology of MAP seed crystals remained unchanged, while the mean particle size increased reaching comparable sizes irrespective of the degree of supersaturation. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Lay perceptions of interrogation techniques: Identifying the role of Belief in a Just World and Right Wing Authoritarianism
Authors: Jones Angela M. , Brimbal Laure 
Published: January 2017

AbstractFalse confessions due to overtly coercive interrogation techniques have led to the development of more ethically‐minded alternative techniques. Several studies have surveyed the public about their perceptions of confession‐oriented techniques (e.g., Leo & Liu, ), although none have examined the use of information gathering and strategic interviewing techniques or individual differences in such perceptions. Thus, the current study assessed public perceptions of a wide variety of techniques by recruiting a total of 332 participants. Results indicated that our participants would rather risk releasing a guilty person than convicting an innocent. Overall, confession‐oriented techniques were rated the least acceptable and effective across participants. However, perceptions of these techniques varied as a function of Belief in a Just World (BJW; Lipkus, ) and Right Wing Authoritarianism (RWA; Zakrisson, ). Specifically, those higher in these two individual differences found confession‐oriented techniques to be both more acceptable and effective than those scoring lower on these measures. The results speak to the importance of individual differences and the potential for such differences to bias juror decision‐making when interrogation evidence is at stake.
Mechanical and barrier properties of maize starch–gelatin composite films: effects of amylose content
Authors: Wang Kun , Wang Wenhang , Ye Ran , Xiao Jingdong , Liu Yaowei , Ding Junsheng , Zhang Shaojing , Liu Anjun 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn order to obtain new reinforcing bio‐fillers to improve the physicochemical properties of gelatin‐based films, three types of maize starch, waxy maize starch (Ap), normal starch (Ns) and high‐amylose starch (Al), were incorporated into gelatin film and the resulting film properties were investigated, focusing on the impact of amylose content.RESULTSThe thickness, opacity and roughness of gelatin film increased depending on the amylose content along with the starch concentration. The effects of the three starches on the mechanical properties of gelatin film were governed by amylose content, starch concentration as well as environmental relative humidity (RH). At 75% RH, the presence of Al and Ns in the gelatin matrix increased the film strength but decreased its elongation, while Ap exhibited an inverse effect. Starch addition decreased the oxygen permeability of the film, with the lowest value at 20% Al and Ns. All starches, notably at 30% content, led to a decrease in the water vapor permeability of the film at 90% RH, especially Ns starch. Furthermore, the starches improved the thermal stability of the film to some extent. Fourier transform infrared spectra indicated that some weak intermolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonding occurred between gelatin and starch. Moreover, a high degree of B‐type crystallinity of starch was characterized in Gel‐Al film by X‐ray diffraction.CONCLUSIONTailoring the properties of gelatin film by the incorporation of different types of maize starch provides the potential to extend its applications in edible food packaging. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Stochastic quasilinear evolution equations in UMD Banach spaces
Authors: Mohan Manil T. , Sritharan Sivaguru S. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this work we prove the existence and uniqueness up to a stopping time for the stochastic counterpart of Tosio Kato's quasilinear evolutions in UMD Banach spaces. These class of evolutions are known to cover a large class of physically important nonlinear partial differential equations. Existence of a unique maximal solution as well as an estimate on the probability of positivity of stopping time is obtained. An example of stochastic Euler and Navier–Stokes equation is also given as an application of abstract theory to concrete models.
Dietary α‐cyclodextrin reduces atherosclerosis and modifies gut flora in apolipoprotein E‐deficient mice
Authors: Sakurai Toshihiro , Sakurai Akiko , Chen Ye , Vaisman Boris L. , Amar Marcelo J. , Pryor Milton , Thacker Seth G. , Zhang Xue , Wang Xujing , Zhang Yubo , Zhu Jun , Yang Zhi‐Hong , Freeman Lita A. , Remaley Alan T. 
Published: January 2017

Scopeα‐Cyclodextrin (α‐CD), a cyclic polymer of glucose, has been shown to lower plasma cholesterol in animals and humans; however, its effect on atherosclerosis has not been previously described.Methods and resultsapoE‐knockout mice were fed either low‐fat diet (LFD; 5.2% fat, w/w), or Western high fat diet (21.2% fat) containing either no additions (WD), 1.5% α‐CD (WDA); 1.5% β‐CD (WDB); or 1.5% oligofructose‐enriched inulin (WDI). Although plasma lipids were similar after 11 weeks on the WD vs. WDA diets, aortic atherosclerotic lesions were 65% less in mice on WDA compared to WD (P < 0.05), and similar to mice fed the LFD. No effect on atherosclerosis was observed for the other WD supplemented diets. By RNA‐seq analysis of 16S rRNA, addition of α‐CD to the WD resulted in significantly decreased cecal bacterial counts in genera Clostridium and Turicibacterium, and significantly increased Dehalobacteriaceae. At family level, Comamonadaceae significantly increased and Peptostreptococcaceae showed a negative trend. Several of these bacterial count changes correlated negatively with % atherosclerotic lesion and were associated with increased cecum weight and decreased plasma cholesterol levels.ConclusionAddition of α‐CD to the diet of apoE‐knockout mice decreases atherosclerosis and is associated with changes in the gut flora.
Quantitative impact of changes in marrow cellularity, skeletal size, and bone mineral density on active marrow dosimetry based upon a reference model
Authors: Geyer Amy M. , Schwarz Bryan C. , Hobbs Robert F. , Sgouros George , Bolch Wesley E. 
Published: January 2017

PurposeThe hematopoietically active tissues of skeletal bone marrow are a prime target for computational dosimetry given potential risks of leukemia and, at higher dose levels, acute marrow toxicity. The complex three‐dimensional geometry of trabecular spongiosa, however, complicates schema for dose assessment in such a way that only a few reference skeletal models have been developed to date, and which are based upon microimaging of a limited number of cadaveric bone spongiosa cores. The question then arises as to what degree of accuracy is achievable from reference skeletal dose models when applied to individual patients or specific exposed populations?MethodsPatient variability in marrow dosimetry were quantified for three skeletal sites — the ribs, lumbar vertebrae, and cranium — for the beta‐emitters 45Ca, 153Sm, and 90Y, and the alpha‐particle emitters 223Ra, 219Rn, and 215Po, the latter two being the immediate progeny of the former. For each radionuclide and bone site, three patient parameters were altered from their values in the reference model: (1) bone size as a surrogate for patient stature, (2) marrow cellularity as a surrogate for age‐ or disease‐related changes in marrow adiposity, and (3) the trabecular bone volume fraction as a surrogate for bone mineral density. Marrow dose variability is expressed as percent differences in the radionuclide S value given by the reference model and the patient‐parameterized model. The impact of radionuclide biokinetics on marrow dosimetry was not considered.ResultsVariations in overall bone size play a very minor role in active marrow dose variability. Marrow cellularity is a significant factor in dose variability for active marrow self‐irradiation, but it plays no role for radionuclides localized to the trabecular bone matrix. Variations in trabecular bone volume fractions impact the active marrow dose variability for short‐range particle emitters 45Ca, 223Ra, 219Rn, and 215Po in the vertebrae and ribs, skeletal sites with small spongiosa proportions of trabecular bone. In the cranium, with its relative high proportion of trabecular bone, significant differences in marrow dosimetry from the reference model were noted for all radionuclides.ConclusionsSkeletal models of active marrow dosimetry should be more fully parameterized to permit closer matching to patient bone density and marrow cellularity, particularly when considering short‐range particle emitters localized to either the bone trabeculae or active marrow, respectively.
Use of parallel‐plate ionization chambers in reference dosimetry of NOVAC and LIAC® mobile electron linear accelerators for intraoperative radiotherapy: a multi‐center survey
Authors: Scalchi Paolo , Ciccotelli Alessia , Felici Giuseppe , Petrucci Assunta , Massafra Raffaella , Piazzi Valeria , D'Avenia Paola , Cavagnetto Francesca , Cattani Federica , Romagnoli Raffaella , Soriani Antonella 
Published: January 2017

PurposeLIAC® and NOVAC are two mobile linear accelerators dedicated to intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT), generating electron beams in the energy range of 3–12 MeV. Due to high dose‐per‐pulse (up to 70 mGy per pulse), in 2003 the Italian National Institute of Health (ISS) stated that “for the measure of dose to water in reference conditions, ionization chambers cannot be employed and no published dosimetry protocol can be used”. As a consequence, ferrous sulphate (or, alternatively alanine) dosimetry was recommended. Based on a retrospective multi‐center survey, a comparison with ferrous sulphate dosimetry is now used to validate the parallel‐plate ionization chambers for reference dosimetry of NOVAC and LIAC.MethodsThe IAEA TRS‐398 dosimetry protocol was applied except for the reference irradiation setup and the determination of the ion‐recombination correction factor ks. Moreover the depth of maximum dose (R100) instead of zref as measurement depth was chosen by the majority of centers, thus implying a renormalization of the beam‐quality correction factor kQ,Qo, based on water‐air stopping power ratios. Regarding the ks determination, a previously published method, independent of ferrous sulphate dosimetry, was adopted. All the centers participating in this study had used both ferrous sulphate dosimeters and ionization chambers in water phantoms for dosimetry under reference conditions.ResultsThe mean percentage difference between ionization chambers and ferrous sulphate dosimetry was −0.5% with a dispersion of 3.9% (2σ). Moreover, the uncertainty analysis allowed the agreement between ionization chambers and ferrous sulphate dosimetry to be verified. These results did not show any significant dependence on electron energy, thus indirectly confirming kQ,Qo renormalization. The results from the centers using zref as the measurement depth were similar to the other data, but further focused studies could aim at investigating possible dependences of the dose differences on the chosen reference depth.ConclusionThe present study confirms that parallel‐plate ionization chambers can properly and accurately substitute ferrous sulphate detectors in reference dosimetry of LIAC and NOVAC mobile linear accelerators. Therefore, we hope that the most commonly used protocols for reference dosimetry in external‐beam radiotherapy will be updated in order to provide guidance in the calibration of electron beams from linear accelerators dedicated to IORT, so that users may benefit from specific, authoritative and up‐to‐date recommendations.
Dosimetric impact of Lipiodol in stereotactic body radiation therapy on liver after trans‐arterial chemoembolization
Authors: Kawahara Daisuke , Ozawa Shuichi , Saito Akito , Nishio Teiji , Kimura Tomoki , Suzuki Tatsuhiko , Hioki Kazunari , Nakashima Takeo , Ohno Yoshimi , Murakami Yuji , Nagata Yasushi 
Published: January 2017

PurposeStereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) combining trans‐arterial chemoembolization (TACE) with Lipiodol is expected to improve local control. This study is aimed to estimate the dose enhancement in Lipiodol's proximity and to evaluate the dose calculation accuracy of the Acuros XB (AXB) algorithm and anisotropic analytical algorithm (AAA) in the Eclipse treatment planning system (TPS) (ver. 11, Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, USA), compared with that of the Monte Carlo (MC) calculation (using BEAMnrc/DOSXYZnrc code) for a virtual phantom and a treatment plan for liver SBRT after TACE.MethodsThe MC calculation accuracy was validated by comparing its results with the percent depth dose (PDD) and the off‐axis ratio (OAR) measured using a water‐equivalent phantom containing Lipiodol. The dose difference in Lipiodol's proximity and the inhomogeneity correction accuracies of the AAA, AXB algorithm, and MC calculation were evaluated by calculating the PDDs and OARs for the virtual phantom with Lipiodol and the lateral profile for the clinical plan data.ResultsThe measured data and the MC results agreed within 3%. The average dose in the Lipiodol uptake region was higher by 8.1% for the virtual phantom and 6.0% for the clinical case compared to that in regions without Lipiodol uptake. For the virtual phantom, compared with the MC calculation, the AAA and the AXB algorithm underestimated the doses immediately upstream of the Lipiodol region by 5.0% and 4.2%, in the Lipiodol region by 7.4% and 9.8%, and downstream of the Lipiodol region by 5.5% and 3.9% respectively. These discrepancy between the AXB and MC calculations were due to the incorrect assignment of Lipiodol material properties. Namely, the bone material was assigned automatically by the AXB algorithm as the materials for the AXB algorithm do not contain iodine, which is the main constituent of Lipiodol.ConclusionsThe MC calculation indicated a larger and more accurate dose increase in Lipiodol compared with the TPS algorithms. The observed dose enhancement in the tumor area could be clinically significant.
A Safety Strategy for Producing Poly(Acrylic Acid) of Low Molar Mass
Authors: Montenegro Gerardo Cáceres , Gutierrez Carolina G. , Vaillard Santiago E. , Minari Roque J. , Vega Jorge R. , Gugliotta Luis M. 
Published: January 2017

The synthesis of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) of low molar mass under safe conditions is difficult due to the high polymerization rate of acrylic acid (AA) and the fast heat generation. The aqueous‐solution “semibatch” polymerization of non‐ionized AA in almost starved conditions involves high initiator loads when low molar masses are required. This article proposes the simultaneous feeding of AA and nonconventional chain transfer agents (CTA) as a strategy aimed at controlling both the molar masses and the generated heat rate. Three CTAs are investigated: 2‐mercaptoethanol, thioglycolic acid, and isopropyl alcohol. Even when PAA of relatively low molar mass can be produced by adequately selecting the flow rates and concentrations of both AA and CTA, it is found that the nature of CTA can have a significant effect on the polymerizations kinetics. The mechanisms responsible for these effects are discussed with the help of a representative mathematical model.
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Pulmonary benign metastasizing leiomyoma presented as acute respiratory distress
Authors: Pastré Jean , Juvin Karine , Grand Bertrand , Gibault Laure , Valcke Judith , Israël‐Biet Dominique 
Published: January 2017

Benign metastasizing leiomyoma (BML) is a very rare condition and is characterized by the presence of benign smooth muscle tumours in organs distant from the uterus, most commonly the lung. It generally affects women of reproductive age and prognostic is usually excellent. However, the course of the disease is unpredictable. We report here the case of a 76‐year‐old woman with a previous medical history of uterine benign leiomyomas in whom BML was acutely revealed by a respiratory distress due to voluminous pulmonary and pleural leiomyomas requiring surgical extraction. Clinical evolution was remarkable by resistance to medical treatment and development of rare bone localization.
BML is a contradictory entity characterized by benign histological features but with metastatic potential. Pulmonologists as well as oncologists in charge of patients with multiple pulmonary nodules and a history of uterine leiomyoma should be aware of this potential diagnosis in order to implement appropriate diagnostic procedures for this benign tumour.
Semi‐automated detection of eagle nests: an application of very high‐resolution image data and advanced image analyses to wildlife surveys
Authors: Andrew Margaret E. , Shephard Jill M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractVery high‐resolution (VHR) image data, including from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platforms, are increasingly acquired for wildlife surveys. Animals or structures they build (e.g. nests) can be photointerpreted from these images, however, automated detection is required for more efficient surveys. We developed semi‐automated analyses to map white‐bellied sea eagle (Haliaeetus leucogaster) nests in VHR aerial photographs of the Houtman Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia, an important breeding site for many seabird species. Nest detection is complicated by high environmental heterogeneity at the scale of nests (~1–2 m), the presence of many features that resemble nests and the variability of nest size, shape and context. Finally, the rarity of nests limits the availability of training data. These challenges are not unique to wildlife surveys and we show how they can be overcome by an innovative integration of object‐based image analyses (OBIA) and the powerful machine learning one‐class classifier Maxent. Maxent classifications using features characterizing object texture, geometry and neighborhood, along with limited object color information, successfully identified over 90% of high quality nests (most weathered and unusually shaped nests were also detected, but at a slightly lower rate) and labeled <2% of objects as candidate nests. Although this overestimates the occurrence of nests, the results can be visually screened to rule out all but the most likely nests in a process that is simpler and more efficient than manual photointerpretation of the full image. Our study shows that semi‐automated image analyses for wildlife surveys are achievable. Furthermore, the developed strategies have broad relevance to image processing applications that seek to detect rare features differing only subtly from a heterogeneous background, including remote sensing of archeological remains. We also highlight solutions to maximize the use of imperfect or uncalibrated image data, such as some UAV‐based imagery and the growing body of VHR imagery available in Google Earth and other virtual globes.
Imaging in gynecological disease (12): clinical and ultrasound features of invasive and non‐invasive malignant serous ovarian tumors
Authors: Moro F. , Baima Poma C. , Zannoni G. F. , Vidal Urbinati A. , Pasciuto T. , Ludovisi M. , Moruzzi M. C. , Carinelli S. , Franchi D. , Scambia G. , Testa A. C. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo describe clinical and ultrasound features of different subclasses of malignant serous ovarian tumors according to the World Health Organization 2014 classification.MethodsPatients with a histological diagnosis of borderline tumor (BOT), non‐invasive and invasive low‐grade serous carcinoma (LGSC) and high‐grade serous carcinoma (HGSC), who had undergone preoperative ultrasound examination, were retrospectively identified from two ultrasound centers. The masses were described using the terms of the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis Group.ResultsSixty‐four (15.8%) women had a serous BOT, 11 (2.7%) a non‐invasive LGSC, 31 (7.6%) an invasive LGSC and 300 (73.9%) had a HGSC. The vast majority of BOTs (82.3%) and non‐invasive LGSCs (90.9%) were Stage I according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) classification scheme, whereas most invasive LGSCs (74.2%) and HGSCs (74.0%) were FIGO Stage III. On ultrasound examination, most borderline lesions were described as unilocular‐solid (54.7%) or as multilocular‐solid (29.7%) cysts. Papillary projections were present in 52 (81.3%) BOTs. Most non‐invasive LGSCs (63.6%) were multilocular‐solid cysts and 81.8% had papillary projections. Invasive LGSCs were multilocular‐solid cysts in 54.8% of cases, and papillary projections were present in 32.3% of lesions. HGSCs were multilocular‐solid (32.7%) or solid (64.0%) masses, with papillary projections in only 7% of cases.ConclusionsPapillary projections were the most typical ultrasound feature of non‐invasive (borderline and low‐grade) malignant serous tumors, while the presence of solid components but few, if any, papillations was the most representative feature of invasive (low‐grade and high‐grade) serous tumors. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.