bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the abrasive wear behavior of an aluminum alloy and its Al2O3 particle reinforced composite by statistical analysis
Authors: Basavarajappa S. , Manjunath Yadav S. , Chandrakumar Chakrasali , Arun K. V. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This experimental investigation deals with the evaluation of abrasive wear behavior of Al alloy and Al2O3 particle reinforced Al alloy metal matrix composites on a pin-on-disc test rig, where the specimens were slided against a 600 grade SiCP emery paper. The specimen preparation and experimentation have been carried out according to the ASTM G-99 standard. A plan of experiments based on the Taguchi design of experiments was developed to acquire data in controlled way. An orthogonal array and the analysis of variance were employed to investigate the percentage of contribution of various process parameters like sliding speed, applied load, sliding distance and their interactions affecting the abrasive wear volume loss of the materials. The correlations between the various factors affecting the abrasive wear behavior of composites were obtained by using multiple linear regression equations. The experimental results showed that the sliding distance has more contribution on the abrasive wear followed by applied load for both materials. The predicted volume loss of the specimens was found to lie close to that of the experimentally observed ones.
Effects of machining parameters and reinforcement content on thrust force during drilling of hybrid composites
Authors: Aldaş Kemal , Özkul İskender , Hayajneh Mohammed T. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
In this study, aluminum metal matrix composites were fabricated using the powder metallurgy technique with different ratios of alumina (Al2O3) and graphite as reinforcing elements. The obtained workpieces were then drilled using different machining parameters and the thrust force was measured using a force dynamometer. The thrust force data were modeled using a gene programming soft-computing technique and a function was obtained using the input parameters.
Less-aggressive surgical management and long-term outcomes of jugular foramen paragangliomas: a neurosurgical perspective
Authors: Li Da , Zeng Xiao-Jun , Hao Shu-Yu , Wang Liang , Tang Jie , Xiao Xin-Ru , Meng Guo-Lu , Jia Gui-Jun , Zhang Li-Wei , Wu Zhen , Zhang Jun-Ting 
Published: February 2016

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to analyze the neurological functional outcome and recurrent risks in surgically treated jugular foramen paragangliomas (JFPs) and to propose an individualized therapeutic strategy.

METHODS
Clinical charts and radiological information were reviewed retrospectively in 51 consecutive cases of JFPs. Less-aggressive surgical interventions were adopted with the goal of preserving neurovascular structures. Scheduled follow-up was performed.

RESULTS
The mean age of the patients in the cases reviewed was 41.6 years, and the group included 27 females (52.9%). The mean preoperative Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score was 78.4. The mean lesion size was 3.8 cm. Forty-three cases (84.3%) were Fisch Type D, including 37 cases (72.5%) of Type Di1 and Di2. Thirty-seven cases (72.5%) were Glasscock-Jackson Type III–IV. Gross-total resection and subtotal resection were achieved in 26 (51.0%) and 22 (43.1%) cases, respectively. Surgical morbidities occurred in 23 patients (45.1%), without surgery-related mortality after the first operation. The mean postoperative KPS scores at discharge, 3 months, 1 year, and most recent evaluation were 71.8, 77.2, 83.2, and 79.6, respectively. The mean follow-up duration was 85.7 months. The tumor recurrence/regrowth (R/R) rate was 11.8%. Compared with preoperative status, swallowing function improved or stabilized in 96.1% and facial function improved or stabilized in 94.1% of patients. A House-Brackmann scale Grade I/II was achieved in 43 patients (84.3%). Overall neurological status improved or stabilized in 90.0% of patients. Pathological mitosis (HR 10.640, p = 0.009) was the most significant risk for tumor R/R. A 1-year increase in age (OR 1.115, p = 0.037) and preoperative KPS score < 80 (OR 11.071, p = 0.018) indicated a risk for recent poor neurological function (KPS < 80). Overall R/R-free survival, symptom progression–free survival, and overall survival at 15 years were 78.9%, 86.8%, and 80.6%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Surgical outcomes for JFPs were acceptable using a less-aggressive surgical strategy. Most patients could adapt to surgical morbidities and carry out normal life activities. Preserving neurological function was a priority, and maximal decompression with or without radiotherapy was desirable to preserve a patient's quality of life when radical resection was not warranted. Early surgery plus preoperative devascularization was proposed, and radiotherapy was mandatory for lesions with pathological mitosis.
Longitudinal measurements of syrinx size in a rat model of posttraumatic syringomyelia
Authors: Najafi Elmira , Bilston Lynne E. , Song Xin , Bongers Andre , Stoodley Marcus A , Cheng Shaokoon , Hemley Sarah J. 
Published: February 2016

OBJECTIVE
Syringomyelia pathophysiology is commonly studied using rodent models. However, in vivo studies of posttraumatic syringomyelia have been limited by the size of animals and lack of reliable noninvasive evaluation techniques. Imaging the rat spinal cord is particularly challenging because the spinal cord diameter is approximately 1–3 mm, and pathological lesions within the spinal cord parenchyma are even smaller. The standard technique has been histological evaluation, but this has its limitations. The aim of the present study was to determine whether syrinx size could be reliably measured using a preclinical high-field MRI animal system in a rat model of posttraumatic syringomyelia.

METHODS
The authors used an existing rat model of posttraumatic syringomyelia, which was created using a controlled pneumatic compression device to produce the initial spinal cord injury, followed by a subarachnoid injection of kaolin to produce arachnoiditis. T2-weighted MRI was performed on each animal using a 9.4-T scanner at 7, 10, and 13 weeks after injury. Animals were killed and syrinx sizes were calculated from in vivo MRI and histological studies.

RESULTS
MRI measurements of syrinx volume and length were closely correlated to histological measurements across all time points (Pearson product moment correlation coefficient r = ± 0.93 and 0.79, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates that high-field T2-weighted MRI can be used to measure syrinx size, and data correlate well with syrinx size measured using histological methods. Preclinical MRI may be a valuable noninvasive technique for tracking syrinx formation and enlargement in animal models of syringomyelia.
The impact of hybrid neurosurgeons on the outcomes of endovascular coiling for unruptured cerebral aneurysms
Authors: Bekelis Kimon , Gottlieb Dan , Labropoulos Nicos , Su Yin , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula , Jabbour Pascal , MacKenzie Todd A. 
Published: February 2016

OBJECTIVE
The impact of combined practices on the outcomes of unruptured cerebral aneurysm coiling remains an issue of debate. The authors investigated the association of combined open and endovascular expertise with the outcomes of unruptured cerebral aneurysm coiling.

METHODS
The authors performed a cohort study of 100% of Medicare fee-for-service claims data for elderly patients who underwent endovascular coiling for unruptured cerebral aneurysms between 2007 and 2012. To control for confounding, the authors used propensity score conditioning, with mixed effects to account for clustering at the hospital referral region level.

RESULTS
During the study period, there were 11,716 patients who underwent endovascular coiling for unruptured cerebral aneurysms and met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 1186 (10.1%) underwent treatment performed by hybrid neurosurgeons, and 10,530 (89.9%) by proceduralists who performed only endovascular coiling. Multivariable regression analysis with propensity score adjustment demonstrated a lack of association of combined practice with 1-year postoperative mortality (OR 0.84; 95% CI 0.58–1.23), discharge to rehabilitation (OR 1.0; 95% CI 0.66–1.51), 30-day readmission rate (OR 1.07; 95% CI 0.83–1.38), and length of stay (adjusted difference, 0.41; 95% CI −0.26 to 1.09). Higher procedural volume was independently associated with improved outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS
In a cohort of Medicare patients, the authors did not demonstrate a difference in mortality, discharge to rehabilitation, readmission rate, and LOS between hybrid neurosurgeons and proceduralists performing only endovascular coiling.
MicroRNA and gene expression changes in unruptured human cerebral aneurysms
Authors: Bekelis Kimon , Kerley-Hamilton Joanna S. , Teegarden Amy , Tomlinson Craig R. , Kuintzle Rachael , Simmons Nathan , Singer Robert J. , Roberts David W. , Kellis Manolis , Hendrix David A. 
Published: February 2016

OBJECTIVE
The molecular mechanisms behind cerebral aneurysm formation and rupture remain poorly understood. In the past decade, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to be key regulators in a host of biological processes. They are noncoding RNA molecules, approximately 21 nucleotides long, that posttranscriptionally inhibit mRNAs by attenuating protein translation and promoting mRNA degradation. The miRNA and mRNA interactions and expression levels in cerebral aneurysm tissue from human subjects were profiled.

METHODS
A prospective case-control study was performed on human subjects to characterize the differential expression of mRNA and miRNA in unruptured cerebral aneurysms in comparison with control tissue (healthy superficial temporal arteries [STA]). Ion Torrent was used for deep RNA sequencing. Affymetrix miRNA microarrays were used to analyze miRNA expression, whereas NanoString nCounter technology was used for validation of the identified targets.

RESULTS
Overall, 7 unruptured cerebral aneurysm and 10 STA specimens were collected. Several differentially expressed genes were identified in aneurysm tissue, with MMP-13 (fold change 7.21) and various collagen genes (COL1A1, COL5A1, COL5A2) being among the most upregulated. In addition, multiple miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed, with miR-21 (fold change 16.97) being the most upregulated, and miR-143–5p (fold change −11.14) being the most downregulated. From these, miR-21, miR-143, and miR-145 had several significantly anticorrelated target genes in the cohort that are associated with smooth muscle cell function, extracellular matrix remodeling, inflammation signaling, and lipid accumulation. All these processes are crucial to the pathophysiology of cerebral aneurysms.

CONCLUSIONS
This analysis identified differentially expressed genes and miRNAs in unruptured human cerebral aneurysms, suggesting the possibility of a role for miRNAs in aneurysm formation. Further investigation for their importance as therapeutic targets is needed.
Comparison of diffusion tensor imaging and 11C-methionine positron emission tomography for reliable prediction of tumor cell density in gliomas
Authors: Kinoshita Manabu , Arita Hideyuki , Okita Yoshiko , Kagawa Naoki , Kishima Haruhiko , Hashimoto Naoya , Tanaka Hisashi , Watanabe Yoshiyuki , Shimosegawa Eku , Hatazawa Jun , Fujimoto Yasunori , Yoshimine Toshiki 
Published: February 2016

OBJECTIVE
Diffusion MRI is attracting increasing interest for tissue characterization of gliomas, especially after the introduction of antiangiogenic therapy to treat malignant gliomas. The goal of the current study is to elucidate the actual magnitude of the correlation between diffusion MRI and cell density within the tissue. The obtained results were further extended and compared with metabolic imaging with 11C-methionine (MET) PET.

METHODS
Ninety-eight tissue samples from 37 patients were stereotactically obtained via an intraoperative neuronavigation system. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and MET PET were performed as routine presurgical imaging studies for these patients. DTI was converted into fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps, and MET PET images were registered to Gd-administered T1-weighted images that were used for navigation. Metrics of FA, ADC, and tumor-to-normal tissue ratio of MET PET along with relative values of FA (rFA) and ADC (rADC) compared with normal-appearing white matter were correlated with cell density of the stereotactically obtained tissues.

RESULTS
rADC was significantly lower in lesions obtained from Gd-enhancing lesions than from nonenhancing lesions. Although rADC showed a moderate but statistically significant negative correlation with cell density (p = 0.010), MET PET showed a superb positive correlation with cell density (p < 0.0001). On the other hand, rFA showed little correlation with cell density.

CONCLUSIONS
The presented data validated the use of rADC for estimating the treatment response of gliomas but also caution against overestimating its limited accuracy compared with MET PET.
Presentation and management of lateral sinus thrombosis following posterior fossa surgery
Authors: Apra Caroline , Kotbi Owais , Turc Guillaume , Corns Robert , Pagès Mélanie , Souillard-Scémama Raphaëlle , Dezamis Edouard , Parraga Eduardo , Meder Jean-François , Sauvageon Xavier , Devaux Bertrand , Oppenheim Catherine , Pallud Johan 
Published: February 2016

OBJECTIVE
There are no guidelines for the management of postoperative lateral sinus thrombosis following posterior fossa surgery. Introducing treatment-dose anticoagulant therapy during the immediate postoperative period increases the risk of intracranial bleeding. This study assessed the incidence of and risk factors associated with postoperative lateral sinus thrombosis and the complications related to thrombosis and/or anticoagulation.

METHODS
This study was a retrospective monocentric analysis of adult patients who underwent surgical removal of a posterior fossa space-occupying lesion with available postoperative imaging. Postoperative lateral sinus thrombosis was defined as a T2* hypointensity within the venous sinus and/or a filling defect on postcontrast MRI or CT scan.

RESULTS
Among 180 patients, 12 (6.7%; 95% CI 3.0–10.4) were found to have lateral sinus thrombosis on postoperative imaging, none of whom were symptomatic. Unadjusted risk factors for postoperative lateral sinus thrombosis were a history of deep venous thrombosis (p = 0.016), oral contraceptive pill (p = 0.004), midline surgical approach (p = 0.035), and surgical exposure of the sinus (p < 0.001). Seven of the patients (58.3%) with a postoperative lateral sinus thrombosis received immediate treatment-dose anticoagulant therapy. Lateral sinus recanalization occurred radiologically at a mean time of 272 ± 23 days in 85.7% of patients (6 of 7) undergoing treatment-dose anticoagulant therapy and in 20% of patients (1 of 5) not receiving treatment-dose anticoagulant therapy. Postoperative complications occurred in 56.2% of patients (9 of 16) who received treatment-dose curative anticoagulant therapy and in 27% of patients (45 of 164) who did not.

CONCLUSIONS
Incidental radiological lateral sinus thrombosis following posterior fossa surgery has an incidence of 6.7%. To further define the benefit-to-risk ratio of a treatment-dose anticoagulant therapy, a prospective trial should be considered.
Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring during resection of infratentorial lesions: the surgeon's view
Authors: Slotty Philipp J. , Abdulazim Amr , Kodama Kunihiko , Javadi Mani , Hänggi Daniel , Seifert Volker , Szelényi Andrea 
Published: February 2016

OBJECTIVE
Methods of choice for neurophysiological intraoperative monitoring (IOM) within the infratentorial compartment mostly include early brainstem auditory evoked potentials, free-running electromyography, and direct cranial nerve (CN) stimulation. Long-tract monitoring with somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) is rarely used. This study investigated the incidence of IOM alterations during posterior fossa surgery stratified for lesion location.

METHODS
Standardized CN and SEP/MEP IOM was performed in 305 patients being treated for various posterior fossa pathologies. The IOM data were correlated with lesion locations and histopathological types as well as other possible confounding factors.

RESULTS
Alterations in IOM were observed in 158 of 305 cases (51.8%) (CN IOM alterations in 130 of 305 [42.6%], SEP/MEP IOM alterations in 43 of 305 [14.0%]). In 15 cases (4.9%), simultaneous changes in long tracts and CNs were observed. The IOM alterations were followed by neurological sequelae in 98 of 305 cases (32.1%); 62% of IOM alterations resulted in neurological deficits. Sensitivity and specificity for detection of CN deficits were 98% and 77%, respectively, and 95% and 85%, respectively, for long-tract deficits. Regarding location, brainstem and petroclival lesions were closely associated with concurrent CN IOM and SEP/MEP alterations.

CONCLUSIONS
The incidence of IOM alterations during surgery in the posterior fossa varied widely between different lesion locations and histopathological types. This analysis provides crucial information on the necessity of IOM in different surgical settings. Because MEP/SEP and CN IOM alterations were commonly observed during posterior fossa surgery, the authors recommend the simultaneous use of both modalities based on lesion location.
Postconcussion syndrome: demographics and predictors in 221 patients
Authors: Tator Charles H. , Davis Hannah S. , Dufort Paul A. , Tartaglia Maria Carmella , Davis Karen D. , Ebraheem Ahmed , Hiploylee Carmen 
Published: February 2016

OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to determine the demographics and predictors of postconcussion syndrome (PCS) in a large series of patients using a novel definition of PCS.

METHODS
The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study of 284 consecutive concussed patients, 221 of whom had PCS on the basis of at least 3 symptoms persisting at least 1 month. This definition of PCS was uniformly employed and is unique in accepting an expanded list of symptoms, in shortening the postconcussion interval to 1 month from 3 months, and in excluding those with focal injuries such as hemorrhages and contusions.

RESULTS
The 221 cases showed considerable heterogeneity in clinical features of PCS. They averaged 3.3 concussions, with a range of 0 to 12 or more concussions, and 62.4% occurred during sports and recreation. The median duration of PCS was 7 months at the time of examination, with 11.8% lasting more than 2 years, and 23.1% with PCS had only 1 concussion. The average patient age was 27 years (range 10–74 years). The average number of persistent symptoms was 8.1; 26.2% had a previous psychiatric condition, attention-deficit disorder/attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, a learning disability, or previous migraine headaches. The prevalence of arachnoid cysts and Chiari malformation in PCS exceeded the general population. Additionally, involvement in litigation, presence of extracranial injuries, amnesia and/or loss of consciousness, and female sex were predictive of reporting a high number of symptoms. A prior history of psychiatric conditions or migraines, cause of injury, number of previous concussions, and age did not significantly predict symptom number. Only the number of symptoms reported predicted the duration of PCS. To predict the number of symptoms for those who fulfilled PCS criteria according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10), and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV), the number of previous concussions was significant.

CONCLUSIONS
PCS is commonly associated with multiple concussions, but 23.1% in the present series occurred after only 1 concussion. Most patients with PCS had multiple symptoms persisting for months or years. The median duration of PCS was 7 months, with a range up to 26 years. In only 11.3%, the PCS had ended at the time of consultation. Not all predictors commonly cited in the literature align with the findings in this study. This is likely due to differences in the definitions of PCS used in research. These results suggest that the use of ICD-10 and DSM-IV to diagnose PCS may be biased toward those who are vulnerable to concussions or with more severe forms of PCS. It is thus important to redefine PCS based on evidence-based medicine.
De la dentelle sioniste. Une entreprise ethno-religieuse et féminine à la Belle Époque en Palestine
Authors: Vilmain Vincent 
Published: February 2016

Après avoir expérimenté sans succès la mixité politique, le sionisme politique féminin est refondé selon le principe d’une action sexuellement différenciée. Les femmes laissent la politique aux hommes et s’arrogent la culture, se donnant pour objectif d’ancrer les ferments de la renaissance nationale dans les esprits juifs à travers deux symboles principaux, la langue : l’hébreu et la terre : la Palestine. C’est en ce sens qu’est créé le Verband Jüdischer Frauen für Kulturarbeit in Palästina (Association des femmes juives pour un travail culturel en Palestine). A côté d’autres activités, ce sont les ateliers de dentelle qui vont rapidement occuper le devant de la scène. Fondés en partie sur les subventions de l’association, les ateliers peinent à trouver des débouchés à leurs produits dans un contexte de forte concurrence sur le marché de la dentelle orientale en Europe.
Des moines entrepreneurs. Coûts et avantages de la structure religieuse pour l’activité économique
Authors: Jonveaux Isabelle 
Published: February 2016

Les moines sont connus en France pour leurs produits gastronomiques séculaires : vin, fromage et bière qui font partie du patrimoine national. Cependant la vie monastique n’a pas pour but premier de développer des entreprises économiques et vise au contraire à se retirer du monde pour se consacrer pleinement à Dieu. Comment se fait-il donc que les monastères aient développé des activités économiques particulièrement performantes ? L’indépendance de la société a pour conséquence que les communautés doivent elles-mêmes trouver le moyen de subvenir à leurs besoins. Cet article vise à étudier comment les moines allient vie économique et vie contemplative, quelles stratégies ils développent pour intégrer les activités économiques dans la vie religieuse sans altérer cette dernière. Grâce à des enquêtes de terrain menées dans cinq pays d’Europe dans des monastères essentiellement de la famille bénédictine, l’article montre comment les moines aujourd’hui tentent de construire une économie alternative répondant aux valeurs de la vie monastique.
Le deuxième temps de l’adolescence
Authors: Vanier Alain 
Published: February 2016

À partir de considérations sur l’adolescence, en particulier celles de Winnicott, ainsi que de l’enseignement de Lacan et d’un cas clinique, plusieurs propositions sont avancées sur la relation entre l’adolescence et le temps. Les conséquences de cette relation sont alors situées en référence à la métaphore paternelle (Lacan).