bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: Case‐control study and meta‐analysis
Authors: Knoll Brianna , Simonett Joseph , Volpe Nicholas J. , Farsiu Sina , Ward Mallory , Rademaker Alfred , Weintraub Sandra , Fawzi Amani A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIntroductionRetinal structural changes in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) remain a subject of controversy.MethodsWe investigated the correlation between optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the retinal sublayers, including the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and cognitive function in subjects with amnestic MCI and compared the OCT findings with matched controls. We also performed a meta‐analysis of the world literature using a random‐effects model.ResultsWe found no statistically significant differences in OCT between amnestic MCI (aMCI) and controls. In aMCI subjects, we found an inverse relationship between RNFL thickness and two cognitive tests (delayed story recall and a word‐list learning test and the word‐list test). The meta‐analysis revealed a statistically significant decrease in RNFL thickness in MCI subjects.DiscussionThe inverse relationship between cognitive testing and RNFL thickness suggests that retinal involvement may include paradoxically increased thickness of the RNFL, which could suggest gliotic reactive changes.
Cognitive impairment among World Trade Center responders: Long‐term implications of re‐experiencing the 9/11 terrorist attacks
Authors: Clouston Sean A.P. , Kotov Roman , Pietrzak Robert H. , Luft Benjamin J. , Gonzalez Adam , Richards Marcus , Ruggero Camilo J. , Spiro Avron , Bromet Evelyn J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIntroductionDuring the World Trade Center (WTC) attacks, responders who helped in search, rescue, and recovery endured multiple traumatic and toxic exposures. One‐fifth subsequently developed post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD has been linked to dementia in veterans. This study examined the association between WTC‐related PTSD and cognitive impairment (CI) in WTC responders.MethodsA one‐third sample of responders (N = 818) reporting for annual monitoring visits were screened for cognitive impairment and dementia using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment from January 2014–April 2015. Concurrent diagnoses of PTSD and major depressive disorder (MDD), as well as serial PTSD and depressive symptom inventories, collected since 2002, were examined in relation to current CI.ResultsApproximately 12.8% and 1.2% of responders in this sample respectively had scores indicative of CI and possible dementia. Current PTSD and MDD were associated with CI. Longitudinal results revealed that re‐experiencing symptoms were consistently associated with CI (aRR = 2.88, 95% confidence interval = 1.35–6.22), whereas longitudinal increases in other PTSD and depressive symptoms in the years before screening were evident only among those with CI.ConclusionsAnalyses replicated results from Veterans studies and further highlighted the importance of re‐experiencing symptoms, a major component of PTSD that was consistently predictive of CI 14 years later. Clinicians should monitor CI when treating individuals with chronic PTSD.
Determinants of Falls and Fear of Falling in Ambulatory Persons With Late Effects of Polio
Authors: Brogårdh Christina , Flansbjer Ulla‐Britt , Lexell Jan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundFalls and fear of falling (FOF) are common in persons with late effects of polio, but there is limited knowledge of associated factors.ObjectiveTo determine how knee muscle strength, dynamic balance, and gait performance (adjusted for gender, age, and body mass index) are associated with falls and FOF in persons with late effects of polio.DesignA cross‐sectional study.SettingA university hospital outpatient clinic.ParticipantsEighty‐one ambulatory persons with verified late effects of polio (43 men; mean age 67 years).Main Outcome MeasurementsNumber of falls the past year, Falls Efficacy Scale–International to assess FOF, a Biodex dynamometer to measure knee muscle strength, the Timed Up & Go test to assess dynamic balance, and the 6‐Minute Walk test to assess gait performance. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used for falls (categorical data) and linear regression analyses for FOF (continuous data) as dependent variables.ResultsFifty‐nine percent reported at least 1 fall during the past year, and 79% experienced FOF. Reduced knee muscle strength in the more affected limb and gait performance were determinants of falls. An increase of 10 Nm in knee flexor and knee extensor strength reduced the odds ratio between 0.70 and 0.83 (P = .01), and an increase of 100 m in 6‐Minute Walk test reduced the odds ratio to 0.41 (P = .001). All factors were determinants of FOF; reduced knee muscle strength in the more and less affected limbs explained 17%‐25% of the variance in FOF, dynamic balance 30%, and gait performance 41%. Gender, age, and body mass index only marginally influenced the results.ConclusionsReduced gait performance, knee muscle strength, and dynamic balance are to a varying degree determinants of falls and FOF in ambulatory persons with late effects of polio. Future studies need to evaluate whether rehabilitation programs targeting these factors can reduce falls and FOF in this population.Level of EvidenceIV
Late Triassic siliceous-volcano-terrigenous deposits of the Chukchi Peninsula: composition of igneous rocks, U–Pb age of zircons, and geodynamic interpretations
Authors: Ledneva G.V. , Pease V.L. , Bazylev B.A. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Study of Late Triassic volcanic, subvolcanic, and volcanosedimentary rocks of the Chukchi Peninsula (Vel’may terrane) has shown their different geochemical types. Basalts, dolerites, and tuffs of the lower–middle strata of the Upper Triassic section bear evidence for their formation in suprasubductional geodynamic setting. Basalts and dolerites of the upper strata of this section correspond in composition to within-plate rocks and are similar to Middle–Late Triassic oceanic-plateau basalts and dolerites. U–Pb dating of magmatic zircons from tuffs of the lower–middle strata and from dolerites of the upper strata shows the almost synchronous magmatic activity in the suprasubductional (206 ± 5 Ma) and within-plate (212 ± 4 Ma) geodynamic settings.
Identification and expression patterns of Halloween genes encoding cytochrome P450s involved in ecdysteroid biosynthesis in the cotton bollwormHelicoverpa armigera
Authors: Zheng J. , Tian K. , Yuan Y. , Li M. , Qiu X. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract20-Hydroxyecdysone (20E) is a key hormone which regulates growth, development and reproduction in insects. Although cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s) participating in the ecdysteroid biosynthesis of 20E have been characterized in a few model insects, no work has been published on the molecular entity of their orthologs in the cotton bollwormHelicoverpa armigera, a major pest insect in agriculture worldwide. In this study, four cytochrome P450 homologs, namelyHarmCYP302A1, HarmCYP306A1, HarmCYP314A1andHarmCYP315A1fromH. armigera, were identified and evolutional conservation of these Halloween genes were revealed among lepidopteran. Expression analyses showed thatHarmCYP302A1andHarmCYP315A1were predominantly expressed in larval prothoracic glands, whereas this predominance was not always observed forHarmCYP306A1andCYP314A1. The expression patterns of Halloween genes indicate that the fat bodies may play an important role in the conversion of ecdysone into 20E in larval–larval molt and in larval–pupal metamorphosis, and raise the possibility thatHarmCYP315A1plays a role in tissue-specific regulation in the steroid biosynthesis inH. armigera.These findings represent the first identification and expression characterization of four steriodogenic P450 genes and provide the groundwork for future functional and evolutionary study of steroid biosynthesis in this agriculturally important pest.
Assessment of beetle diversity, community composition and potential threats to forestry using kairomone-baited traps
Authors: Olivier-Espejel S. , Hurley B.P. , Garnas J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTraps designed to capture insects during normal movement/dispersal, or via attraction to non-specific (plant) volatile lures, yield by-catch that carries valuable information about patterns of community diversity and composition. In order to identify potential native/introduced pests and detect predictors of colonization of non-native pines, we examined beetle assemblages captured in intercept panel traps baited with kairomone lures used during a national monitoring of the woodwasp,Sirex noctilio,in Southern Africa. We identified 50 families and 436 morphospecies of beetles from nine sites sampled in both 2008 and 2009 and six areas in 2007 (trap catch pooled by region) across a latitudinal and elevational gradient. The most diverse groups were mainly those strongly associated with trees, known to include damaging pests. While native species dominated the samples in terms of richness, the dominant species was the introduced bark beetleOrthotomicus erosus(Curculionidae: Scolytinae) (22 ± 34 individuals/site). Four Scolytinae species without previous records in South Africa, namelyCoccotrypes niger, Hypocryphalus robustus(formerlyHypocryphalus mangiferae),Hypothenemus birmanusandXyleborus perforans,were captured in low abundances. Communities showed temporal stability within sites and strong biogeographic patterns across the landscape. The strongest single predictors of community composition were potential evaporation, latitude and maximum relative humidity, while the strongest multifactor model contained elevation, potential evaporation and maximum relative humidity. Temperature, land use variables and distance to natural areas did not significantly correlate with community composition. Non-phytophagous beetles were also captured and were highly diverse (32 families) perhaps representing important beneficial insects.
The Ordovician genusPygodus(conodont) in the Cuyania Terrane, Argentina
Authors: HEREDIA SUSANA , MESTRE ANA , SORIA TATIANA , KAUFMANN CINTIA 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis contribution deals with the record of the Ordovician genusPygodusin Cuyania, Argentina. Several classical sections have been sampled for conodonts in the Precordillera and the San Rafael Block, involving diverse sedimentary deposits: coarse clastic rocks with carbonate cement, carbonate beds intercalated in fine clastic deposits, green shale, and black carbonate deposits. The recovered species of this genus arePygodus lunnensisZhang,P. anitaeBergström,P. serra(Hadding),P. protoanserinusZhang andP. anserinusLamont & Lindström. These key conodonts indicate middle to upper Darriwilian – lower Sandbian age for the bearing strata. The speciesP. protoanserinusis recorded for the first time from the Precordillera. Detailed observations were made on specimens ofP. anitae,P. lunnensisandP. protoanserinus; the two last species are described for the first time from Cuyania.
Collision-free workspace of parallel mechanisms based on an interval analysis approach
Authors: FarzanehKaloorazi MohammadHadi , Masouleh Mehdi Tale , Caro Stéphane 
Published: August 2016

SUMMARYThis paper proposes an interval-based approach in order to obtain the obstacle-free workspace of parallel mechanisms containing one prismatic actuated joint per limb, which connects the base to the end-effector. This approach is represented through two cases studies, namely a 3-RPR planar parallel mechanism and the so-called 6-DOF Gough–Stewart platform. Three main features of the obstacle-free workspace are taken into account: mechanical stroke of actuators, collision between limbs and obstacles and limb interference. In this paper, a circle(planar case)/spherical(spatial case) shaped obstacle is considered and its mechanical interference with limbs and edges of the end-effector is analyzed. It should be noted that considering a circle/spherical shape would not degrade the generality of the problem, since any kind of obstacle could be replaced by its circumscribed circle/sphere. Two illustrative examples are given to highlight the contributions of the paper.
Epidemiological investigation of a tap water-mediated hepatitis E virus genotype 4 outbreak in Zhejiang Province, China
Authors: CHEN Y. J. , CAO N. X. , XIE R. H. , DING C. X. , CHEN E. F. , ZHU H. P. , SUN J. M. , SHANG X. P. , WANG X. X. , MIAO Z. P. 
Published: August 2016

SUMMARYAn outbreak of acute hepatitis recently occurred in a nursing home in Zhejiang Province, China. The objectives of this study were to confirm the outbreak and identify the aetiology, source and transmission patterns. All residents and staff in or near the nursing home during the period from 1 October 2014 to 21 May 2015 were investigated regarding hygiene and for epidemiological information including water and food (eating meat especially pork products). Serum and stool specimens were collected for detection of hepatitis E virus (HEV) antibodies using ELISA and RNA using RT–PCR. Samples that were RNA positive were genotyped. Of 185 senior residents and 24 staff in the nursing home, there were 37 laboratory-confirmed cases during the outbreak. Of these cases, 12 patients (three deaths) were symptomatic with jaundice, a common clinical symptom for hepatitis E infection. HEV strains were isolated from three cases and they formed a single cluster within genotype 4d. A case-control study was conducted to investigate potential risk factors for the outbreak and the results revealed that cases more often washed their dishes and rinsed their mouths using tap water than the controls (P < 0·05). Based on hygiene investigation and meteorological information, it is likely that HEV-infected sewage and faeces contaminated the water network on rainy days. Collectively, these results suggest that the outbreak of HEV genotype 4 infection was most likely caused by contaminated tap water rather than food.
Reversal of intramyocellular lipid accumulation by lipophagy and a p62-mediated pathway
Authors: Lam T , Harmancey R , Vasquez H , Gilbert B , Patel N , Hariharan V , Lee A , Covey M , Taegtmeyer H 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe have previously observed the reversal of lipid droplet deposition in skeletal muscle of morbidly obese patients following bariatric surgery. We now investigated whether activation of autophagy is the mechanism underlying this observation. For this purpose, we incubated rat L6 myocytes over a period of 6 days with long-chain fatty acids (an equimolar, 1.0 mM, mixture of oleate and palmitate in the incubation medium). At day 6, the autophagic inhibitor (bafilomycin A1, 200 nM) and the autophagic activator (rapamycin, 1 μM) were added separately or in combination for 48 h. Intracellular triglyceride (TG) accumulation was visualized and quantified colorimetrically. Protein markers of autophagic flux (LC3 and p62) and cell death (caspase-3 cleavage) were measured by immunoblotting. Inhibition of autophagy by bafilomycin increased TG accumulation and also increased lipid-mediated cell death. Conversely, activation of autophagy by rapamycin reduced both intracellular lipid accumulation and cell death. Unexpectedly, treatment with both drugs added simultaneously resulted in decreased lipid accumulation. In this treatment group, immunoblotting revealed p62 degradation (autophagic flux), immunofluorescence revealed the colocalization of p62 with lipid droplets, and co-immunoprecipitation confirmed the interaction of p62 with ADRP (adipose differentiation-related protein), a lipid droplet membrane protein. Thus the association of p62 with lipid droplet turnover suggests a novel pathway for the breakdown of lipid droplets in muscle cells. In addition, treatment with rapamycin and bafilomycin together also suggested the export of TG into the extracellular space. We conclude that lipophagy promotes the clearance of lipids from myocytes and switches to an alternative, p62-mediated, lysosomal-independent pathway in the context of chronic lipid overload (*P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001, ****P<0.0001).
Protein S-sulfenylation is a fleeting molecular switch that regulates non-enzymatic oxidative folding
Authors: Beedle Amy E. M. , Lynham Steven , Garcia-Manyes Sergi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe post-translational modification S-sulfenylation functions as a key sensor of oxidative stress. Yet the dynamics of sulfenic acid in proteins remains largely elusive due to its fleeting nature. Here we use single-molecule force-clamp spectroscopy and mass spectrometry to directly capture the reactivity of an individual sulfenic acid embedded within the core of a single Ig domain of the titin protein. Our results demonstrate that sulfenic acid is a crucial short-lived intermediate that dictates the protein’s fate in a conformation-dependent manner. When exposed to the solution, sulfenic acid rapidly undergoes further chemical modification, leading to irreversible protein misfolding; when cryptic in the protein’s microenvironment, it readily condenses with a neighbouring thiol to create a protective disulfide bond, which assists the functional folding of the protein. This mechanism for non-enzymatic oxidative folding provides a plausible explanation for redox-modulated stiffness of proteins that are physiologically exposed to mechanical forces, such as cardiac titin.
Draft genome sequence of subterranean clover, a reference for genus Trifolium
Authors: Hirakawa Hideki , Kaur Parwinder , Shirasawa Kenta , Nichols Phillip , Nagano Soichiro , Appels Rudi , Erskine William , Isobe Sachiko N. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractClovers (genus Trifolium) are widely cultivated across the world as forage legumes and make a large contribution to livestock feed production and soil improvement. Subterranean clover (T. subterraneum L.) is well suited for genomic and genetic studies as a reference species in the Trifolium genus, because it is an annual with a simple genome structure (autogamous and diploid), unlike the other economically important perennial forage clovers, red clover (T. pratense) and white clover (T. repens). This report represents the first draft genome sequence of subterranean clover. The 471.8 Mb assembled sequence covers 85.4% of the subterranean clover genome and contains 42,706 genes. Eight pseudomolecules of 401.1 Mb in length were constructed, based on a linkage map consisting of 35,341 SNPs. The comparative genomic analysis revealed that different clover chromosomes showed different degrees of conservation with other Papilionoideae species. These results provide a reference for genetic and genomic analyses in the genus Trifolium and new insights into evolutionary divergence in Papilionoideae species.
Repetitive Biomimetic Self-healing of Ca2+-Induced Nanocomposite Protein Hydrogels
Authors: Chen Jun , Dong Qiuchen , Ma Xiaoyu , Fan Tai-Hsi , Lei Yu 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSelf-healing is a capacity observed in most biological systems in which the healing processes are autonomously triggered after the damage. Inspired by this natural behavior, researchers believed that a synthetic material possessing similar self-recovery capability could also be developed. Albeit various intrinsic self-healing systems have been developed over the past few decades, restriction on the biocompatibility due to the required synthetic conditions under extreme pH and with poisonous cross-linker significantly limits their application in biomedical field. In this study, a highly biocompatible nanocomposite protein hydrogel with excellent biomimetic self-healing property is presented. The self-healing protein gel is made by inducing calcium ions into the mixture of heat-induced BSA nano-aggregates and pristine BSA molecules at room temperature and under physiological pH due to the ion-mediated protein-protein association and the bridging effect of divalent Ca2+ ions. The as-prepared protein hydrogel shows excellent repetitive self-healing properties without using any external stimuli at ambient condition. Such outstanding self-recovery performance was quantitatively evaluated/validated by both dynamic and oscillatory rheological analysis. Moreover, with the presence of calcium ions, the self-healing behavior can be significantly facilitated/enhanced. Finally, the superior biocompatibility demonstrated by in vitro cytotoxicity analysis suggests that it is a promising self-healing material well-suited for biomedical applications.
Localising the auditory N1m with event-related beamformers: localisation accuracy following bilateral and unilateral stimulation
Authors: Gascoyne Lauren , Furlong Paul L. , Hillebrand Arjan , Worthen Siân F. , Witton Caroline 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe auditory evoked N1m-P2m response complex presents a challenging case for MEG source-modelling, because symmetrical, phase-locked activity occurs in the hemispheres both contralateral and ipsilateral to stimulation. Beamformer methods, in particular, can be susceptible to localisation bias and spurious sources under these conditions. This study explored the accuracy and efficiency of event-related beamformer source models for auditory MEG data under typical experimental conditions: monaural and diotic stimulation; and whole-head beamformer analysis compared to a half-head analysis using only sensors from the hemisphere contralateral to stimulation. Event-related beamformer localisations were also compared with more traditional single-dipole models. At the group level, the event-related beamformer performed equally well as the single-dipole models in terms of accuracy for both the N1m and the P2m, and in terms of efficiency (number of successful source models) for the N1m. The results yielded by the half-head analysis did not differ significantly from those produced by the traditional whole-head analysis. Any localisation bias caused by the presence of correlated sources is minimal in the context of the inter-individual variability in source localisations. In conclusion, event-related beamformers provide a useful alternative to equivalent-current dipole models in localisation of auditory evoked responses.
Rainfall-enhanced blooming in typhoon wakes
Authors: Lin Y.-C. , Oey L.-Y. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractStrong phytoplankton blooming in tropical-cyclone (TC) wakes over the oligotrophic oceans potentially contributes to long-term changes in global biogeochemical cycles. Yet blooming has traditionally been discussed using anecdotal events and its biophysical mechanics remain poorly understood. Here we identify dominant blooming patterns using 16 years of ocean-color data in the wakes of 141 typhoons in western North Pacific. We observe right-side asymmetric blooming shortly after the storms, attributed previously to sub-mesoscale re-stratification, but thereafter a left-side asymmetry which coincides with the left-side preference in rainfall due to the large-scale wind shear. Biophysical model experiments and observations demonstrate that heavier rainfall freshens the near-surface water, leading to stronger stratification, decreased turbulence and enhanced blooming. Our results suggest that rainfall plays a previously unrecognized, critical role in TC-induced blooming, with potentially important implications for global biogeochemical cycles especially in view of the recent and projected increases in TC-intensity that harbingers stronger mixing and heavier rain under the storm.