bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research Foci, Methodologies, and Theories Used in Addressing E-Government Accessibility for Persons with Disabilities in Developing Countries
Authors: Agangiba Millicent , Kabanda salah 
Published: October 2017

Aim/Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the key research foci, methodologies, and theoretical perspectives adopted by researchers when studying E-government accessibility for persons with disabilities (PWDs), particularly in developing countries. The study aims to develop a conceptual framework for designing accessible E-government for PWDs in developing countries.

Background:	Studies on E-government accessibility for persons with disabilities in developing countries have been minimal. The few studies conducted until now have failed to integrate PWDs, a population already marginalized, into the digital society. Accessibility has been identified by researchers as a major hindrance to PWDs participating in E-government. It is imperative therefore to examine the manner in which researchers investigate and acquire knowledge about this phenomenon.

Methodology	: The study synthesizes literature from top IS journals following a systematic literature review approach. The data synthesis focuses on identifying key concepts relating to E-government accessibility for PWDs.

Contribution: The study contributes to the field of E-government, with a focus on how E-government services can be made accessible to PWDs. The study calls on researchers to reflect on their epistemological and ontological paradigms when examining accessibility of E-government services in developing countries.

Findings: The findings show that most researchers focus on the evaluation of E-government websites and predominantly adopt quantitative methods. The study also reveals that the use of technological determinism as a theoretical lens is high among researchers.

Recommendations for Practitioners	: The study recommends that E-government web developers and policy makers involve PWDs from design to evaluation in the development of E-government applications.

Recommendation for Researchers: The study advocates the need to conduct studies on E-government accessibility by employing more qualitative and mixed approaches to gain in-depth and better understanding of the phenomenon.

Impact on Society	: This study creates greater awareness and points out inadequacies that society needs to address to make E-government more inclusive of and participatory for PWDs.

Future Research: Further empirical work is required in order to refine the relevance and applicability of various constructs in EADM so as to arrive at a framework for addressing E-government accessibility for PWDs in developing countries.
Adam Smith and the Social Foundation of Agreement: Walford v Miles as a Relational Contract
Authors: Campbell David 
Published: October 2017

That the reception in subsequent case law of Leggatt J's outstanding discussion of good faith in Yam Seng Pte Ltd v International Trade Corporation Ltd has been disappointing demonstrates the continuing failure to appreciate the normative constitution of economic exchange and the law of contract. This paper re-examines the concept of economic exchange which may be derived from the work of Adam Smith in order to show that Smith did not conceive of exchange as a system of solipsistic self-interest but as self-interest which is formed on the basis of the mutual respect of the parties to the exchange. The significance of Smith's views for the law of contract will be demonstrated by a re-examination of the rejection of good faith in Walford v Miles in light of those views. Whilst it is moot whether the law of contract should recognise a general doctrine of good faith, that law must become self-conscious of the mutual respect it requires of parties to a contract which is indicated in the concept of good faith.
Constraining the Dust Opacity Law in Three Small and Isolated Molecular Clouds
Authors: Webb K. A. , Di Francesco J. , Sadavoy S. , Thanjavur K. , Launhardt R. , Shirley Y. , Stutz A. , Vicente J. Abreu , Kainulainen J. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Density profiles of isolated cores derived from thermal dust continuum emission rely on models of dust properties, such as mass opacity, that are poorly constrained. With complementary measures from near-infrared extinction maps, we can assess the reliability of commonly used dust models. In this work, we compare Herschel-derived maps of the optical depth with equivalent maps derived from CFHT WIRCAM near-infrared observations for three isolated cores: CB 68, L 429, and L 1552. We assess the dust opacities provided from four models: OH1a, OH5a, Orm1, and Orm4. Although the consistency of the models differs between the three sources, the results suggest that the optical properties of dust in the envelopes of the cores are best described by either silicate and bare graphite grains (e.g., Orm1) or carbonaceous grains with some coagulation and either thin or no ice mantles (e.g., OH5a). None of the models, however, individually produced the most consistent optical depth maps for every source. The results suggest that either the dust in the cores is not well-described by any one dust property model, the application of the dust models cannot be extended beyond the very center of the cores, or more complex SED fitting functions are necessary.
Toward Rapid Transient Identification and Characterization of Kilonovae
Authors: Coughlin Michael , Dietrich Tim , Kawaguchi Kyohei , Smartt Stephen , Stubbs Christopher , Ujevic Maximiliano 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
With the increasing sensitivity of advanced gravitational-wave (GW) detectors, the first joint detection of an electromagnetic and GW signal from a compact binary merger will hopefully happen within this decade. However, current GW likelihood sky areas span

, and thus it is a challenging task to identify which, if any, transient corresponds to the GW event. In this study, we make a comparison between recent kilonova/macronova light-curve models for the purpose of assessing potential light-curve templates for counterpart identification. We show that recent analytical and parameterized models for these counterparts result in qualitative agreement with more complicated radiative transfer simulations. Our analysis suggests that with improved light-curve models with smaller uncertainties it will become possible to extract information about ejecta properties and binary parameters directly from the light-curve measurement. Even tighter constraints are obtained in cases for which GW and kilonova parameter estimation results are combined. It will therefore be important to make comparisons and potentially combine parameter estimation with the kilonova and GW results. However, to be prepared for upcoming detections, more realistic kilonova models are needed. These will require numerical relativity with more detailed microphysics, better radiative transfer simulations, and a better understanding of the underlying nuclear physics.
Linagliptin Has Wide-Ranging Anti-Inflammatory Points of Action in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
Authors: Nakamura Yuya , Inagaki Masahiro , Tsuji Mayumi , Gocho Toshihiko , Handa Kazuaki , Hasegawa Hitomi , Yura Akihiko , Kawakami Tomoko , Ohsawa Isao , Goto Yoshikazu , Gotoh Hiromichi , Kiuchi Yuji 
Published: October 2017

Background Because of the potential anti-inflammatory effects, linagliptin, a therapeutic dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, is used as an effective drug for diabetic patients for whom inflammation is a prognosis-related factor. We investigated the anti-inflammatory mechanism of linagliptin using seven markers. Methods We pretreated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), with linagliptin and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The cytosolic fractions were evaluated for protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase B (PKB), protein kinase C (PKC), ratio of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), activator protein 1 (AP-1), and adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP). Results Linagliptin increased the PKA and PKC activities and the cAMP levels in LPS-treated cells. However, it inhibited LPS-induced PKB phosphorylation, ratio of ROS and Cu/Zn SOD, and LPS-stimulated AP-1 nuclear translocation. Conclusion We reaffirmed the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of linagliptin. These effects might be related to the three protein kinases. Our findings suggest that linagliptin has a wide range of anti-inflammatory effects.
The Voice of the People Compromised and Accountability Denied
Authors: Gizaw Tassew Shiferaw 
Published: October 2017

The study examines the impact of determinants of democratic governance on political rights and public policy in the sub-Saharan African countries. The study follows the quantitative research tradition using a linear regression model. Together with one trend variable, seven independent variables representing determinants of governance, as well as one dependent variable (political rights/the voice of the people), have been applied into the equation. The computation yielded statistical results that could guide meaningful analysis about the theme under study. The study shows that the lack of democratic governance has negatively affected the status of political rights, and human rights as well as accountability. Thus, the voice of the people in matters that influence public policy has been constrained in the 32 sub-Saharan African countries.
Combatendo a “cáfila vagabunda” e o “gado mal-havido”: o controle sobre a propriedade de gado na fronteira (Uruguaiana, c. 1880 – c. 1916)
Authors: Tlaija Leipnitz Guinter 
Published: October 2017

Na região da fronteira entre Brasil, Argentina e Uruguai, o roubo de gado é uma realidade bastante antiga, que começou a intensificar-se nas queixas das autoridades em fins do século XIX. O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar como, no município de Uruguaiana, neste período, o longo processo de controle sobre a propriedade de gado foi marcado pela normatização e regulação, por meio das Posturas Rurais, da detenção, da produção e do comércio dos rebanhos, em especial de origem bovina. Com a
pretensão de combater o abigeato, bem como outras práticas ilegais envolvendo o transporte e o comércio das reses, esses dispositivos legais poderiam chocar-se com interesses dos criadores em geral.
På vei mot en ny forståelse av mobbing i et folkehelseperspektiv
Authors: Lund Ingrid , Helgeland Anne , Kovac Velibor Bobo 
Published: October 2017

Helse og utdanning er flettet sammen. God helse fremmer læring og utvikling, og utdanning er viktig for fremtidsutsikter, sosial posisjon og helse som voksen. For at barn og unge skal erfare skolekonteksten som en helsefremmende kontekst, er det avgjørende at læringsmiljøet er inkluderende. Mobbing er en av de sterkeste indikatorene på manglende inkludering. Artikkelens hensikt er tredelt: 1) Rette et kritisk søkelys mot den etablerte forståelsen av mobbing, der aggresjon, intensjonalitet, tid og makt er sentrale faktorer, 2) løfte frem nyere perspektiver, med vekt på mobbing som sammensatte sosiale prosesser, der voksne er de ansvarlige og betydningen av å høre til og medvirke i et fellesskap er det sentrale, 3) beskrive de praktiske implikasjoner som denne forståelsen av mobbing kan føre til i skolen, sett i et folkehelseperspektiv.Nøkkelord: inkluderende læringsmiljø, mobbing, skolekultur, ledelse. The work fighting bullying from a public health perspectiveAbstractHealth and education are intertwined in the sense that good health promotes learning and development, whilst education is also important for future prospects, social position, and health in adulthood. In order that children and young people perceive their school context as health promoting, it is crucial that the learning environment is inclusive. Bullying is one of the strongest possible indicators that there is a lack of inclusion. This article’s purpose has three aspects: 1) Directing a critical focus towards the established understanding of bullying, in which aggression, intentionality, time, and power are central factors, and where the point of departure is that this understanding can hinder the mastery of life, 2) Highlighting recent perspectives with an emphasis on bullying as complex social processes where the adults are responsible and the significance of listening to – and taking part in – fellowship is central, and 3) Describing the practical implications which this understanding of bullying might lead to in schools from a public health perspective.Key words: inclusive learning environment; bullying; school culture; leadership.
Chancen und Perspektiven eines neuen Wörterbuchtyps: Das zweisprachige Lernerwörterbuch für Fachsprachen
Authors: Fata Ildikó 
Published: October 2017

The purpose of the present paper is twofold: on the one hand it aims to outline a new type of dictionaries, the LSP dictionary for learners, and distinguish it from other dictionary types; on the other hand the study presents the multifunctional information structure of this type of dictionary through the example of two dictionaries.First the paper examines some formerly suggested names of the new type of dictionary in three languages (Hungarian/German/English). Then the author proposes a new name (chapter 2.1.), this is followed (chapter 2.2.) by the analysis of the more speciﬁc literature on the requirements against multifunctional and user-friendly LSP dictionaries for learners (see Fuertes-Olivera (2005), Tarp (2005), and Fata (2009a)). Finally the author distinguishes this type of dictionaries from other dictionary types and gives a deﬁnition (chapter 2.3.). Since the study is based on the ﬁndings of the modern Danish functional lexicographic theory, the paper applies its concepts: in the ﬁnal section of the theoretical part of the paper the author describes the possible types of users of LSP dictionaries for learners, the potential types of user situations (chapter 2.4.) and the potencial dictionary functions (chapter 2.5.).In the practical part of the study the author presents the macro-, micro- and hyperstructures chosen in relation to the given special subject ﬁeld and LSP in order to make working with learners’ dictionaries easy and enjoyable for the primary target group of the dictionaries: for those who study LSP in a foreign language.
Crystal structures of OrfX2 and P47 from a Botulinum neurotoxin OrfX‐type gene cluster
Authors: Gustafsson Robert , Berntsson Ronnie P‐A , Martínez‐Carranza Markel , El Tekle Geniver , Odegrip Richard , Johnson Eric A. , Stenmark Pål 
Published: October 2017

Botulinum neurotoxins are highly toxic substances and are all encoded together with one of two alternative gene clusters, the HA or the OrfX gene cluster. Very little is known about the function and structure of the proteins encoded in the OrfX gene cluster, which in addition to the toxin contains five proteins (OrfX1, OrfX2, OrfX3, P47, and NTNH). We here present the structures of OrfX2 and P47, solved to 2.1 and 1.8 Å, respectively. We show that they belong to the TULIP protein superfamily, which are often involved in lipid binding. OrfX1 and OrfX2 were both found to bind phosphatidylinositol lipids.
Thirty‐Three Years of Ocean Benthic Warming Along the U.S. Northeast Continental Shelf and Slope: Patterns, Drivers, and Ecological Consequences
Authors: Kavanaugh Maria T. , Rheuban Jennie E. , Luis Kelly M. A. , Doney Scott C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe U.S. Northeast Continental Shelf is experiencing rapid warming, with potentially profound consequences to marine ecosystems. While satellites document multiple scales of spatial and temporal variability on the surface, our understanding of the status, trends, and drivers of the benthic environmental change remains limited. We interpolated sparse benthic temperature data along the New England Shelf and upper Slope using a seasonally dynamic, regionally specific multiple linear regression model that merged in situ and remote sensing data. The statistical model predicted nearly 90% of the variability of the data, resulting in a synoptic time series spanning over three decades from 1982 to 2014. Benthic temperatures increased throughout the domain, including in the Gulf of Maine. Rates of benthic warming ranged from 0.1 to 0.4°C per decade, with fastest rates occurring in shallow, nearshore regions and on Georges Bank, the latter exceeding rates observed in the surface. Rates of benthic warming were up to 1.6 times faster in winter than the rest of the year in many regions, with important implications for disease occurrence and energetics of overwintering species. Drivers of warming varied over the domain. In southern New England and the mid‐Atlantic shallow Shelf regions, benthic warming was tightly coupled to changes in SST, whereas both regional and basin‐scale changes in ocean circulation affect temperatures in the Gulf of Maine, the Continental Shelf, and Georges Banks. These results highlight data gaps, the current feasibility of prediction from remotely sensed variables, and the need for improved understanding on how climate may affect seasonally specific ecological processes.
Regional Sea Level Variability and Trends, 1960–2007: A Comparison of Sea Level Reconstructions and Ocean Syntheses
Authors: Carson M. , Köhl A. , Stammer D. , Meyssignac B. , Church J. , Schröter J. , Wenzel M. , Hamlington B. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSeveral existing statistical and dynamical reconstructions of past regional sea level variability and trends are compared with each other and with tide gauges over the 48 year period 1960–2007, partially predating the satellite altimetry era. Evaluated statistical reconstructions were built from tide‐gauge data (TGR), and dynamical reconstructions from ocean data assimilation (ODA) approaches. Although most of the TGRs yield global‐mean time series of sea level with trends deviating within only ±0.1 mm yr−1, the spatial anomalies of the trends deviate substantially between the reconstructions over the period predating altimetry. In contrast, TGRs match observed regional trend patterns fairly well during the satellite altimetry era. TGRs match tide‐gauge data better than ODA results; however, they exhibit less variability in the open ocean compared to altimetric data. Over the prealtimetry period, all reconstructed regional sea level trend patterns deviate substantially from each other. In terms of detrended correlations in this earlier period, the reconstructions match tide gauges, and each other, much better in the Pacific than in the Atlantic. An ensemble of all TGR and ODA estimates provides some improvements in correlations and trends to both tide gauges and altimetry. Nevertheless, a lack of independent open ocean sea surface height data predating altimetry makes impossible the validation of the ensemble for prealtimetry open ocean sea level trends and variability. Estimating regional sea level changes prior to altimetry therefore remains an unsolved challenge.
Worsening of Heat Stress Due To Global Warming in South Korea Based on Multi‐RCM Ensemble Projections
Authors: Im Eun‐Soon , Choi Yeon‐Woo , Ahn Joong‐Bae 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis study assesses the future changes in summer (June–July–August; JJA) heat stress over South Korea under global warming. To better resolve the region‐specific changes in terms of geographical patterns and severity of heat stress in the Korean peninsula, four regional climate models (RCMs) are used for dynamical downscaling of Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model version 2—Atmosphere and Ocean global projections forced by two Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) scenarios. Dynamically downscaled simulations (horizontal resolution of 12.5 km and output interval of 3 h) facilitate in‐depth analysis of diurnal variation and extremes over South Korea, as well as focusing on the particular location, Daegu, that is characterized by high vulnerability to rising temperature. Both maximum temperature and heat stress indices such as wet bulb globe temperature and apparent temperature, which include the effect of humidity, are examined in order to comprehensively interpret the behaviors of heat stress in response to anthropogenic climate change. Ensemble projections reveal robust patterns of temperature and resultant humidity increases that are roughly constrained by the approximate 7%/K increase in the moisture holding capacity. The changes in temperature and humidity are directly transmitted to the heat stress indices, showing a significant increase. The heat stress is exacerbated in a differentiated way, with more intensification in diurnal variation at nighttime and in regional variation at low‐elevation basins. Both RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios project the statistical likelihood of a notable increase of extreme heat stress indices, much stronger and more extended heat waves, and the emergence of a long period of consecutive tropical nights.
The Optical, Chemical, and Molecular Dissolved Organic Matter Succession Along a Boreal Soil‐Stream‐River Continuum
Authors: Hutchins Ryan H. S. , Aukes Pieter , Schiff Sherry L. , Dittmar Thorsten , Prairie Yves T. , del Giorgio Paul A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSoils export large amounts of organic matter to rivers, and there are still major uncertainties concerning the composition and reactivity of this material and its fate within the fluvial network. Here we reconstructed the pattern of movement and processing of dissolved organic matter (DOM) along a soil‐stream‐river continuum under summer baseflow conditions in a boreal region of Québec (Canada), using a combination of fluorescence spectra, size exclusion chromatography and ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry. Our results show that there is a clear sequence of selective DOM degradation along the soil‐stream‐river continuum, which results in pronounced compositional shifts downstream. The soil‐stream interface was a hot spot of DOM degradation, where biopolymers and low molecular weight (LMW) compounds were selectively removed. In contrast, processing in the stream channel was dominated by the degradation of humic‐like aromatic DOM, likely driven by photolysis, with little further degradation of either biopolymers or LMW compounds. Overall, there was a high degree of coherence between the patterns observed in DOM chemical composition, optical properties, and molecular profiles, and none of these approaches pointed to measurable production of new DOM components, suggesting that the DOM pools removed during transit were likely mineralized to CO2. Our first order estimates suggest that rates of soil‐derived DOM mineralization could potentially sustain over half of the measured CO2 emissions from this stream network, with mineralization of biopolymers and humic substances contributing roughly equally to these fluvial emissions.