bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intact hemisphere and corpus callosum compensate for visuomotor functions after early visual cortex damage
Authors: Celeghin Alessia , Diano Matteo , de Gelder Beatrice , Weiskrantz Lawrence , Marzi Carlo A. , Tamietto Marco 
Published: November 2017

SignificanceThe brain is resilient to injury and the possibility to promote recovery rests with our ability to understand the nature of postlesional plasticity. After damage to the visual cortex some patients with clinical blindness still react to unseen stimuli with appropriate motor responses, a phenomenon known as “blindsight.” Our findings in one patient with early primary visual cortex damage suggest that this nonconscious visuomotor ability depends partly on the compensatory activity of the intact hemisphere, which can be dynamically recruited through the corpus callosum. Functional interactions between the damaged and intact hemisphere are subserved by changes in the underlying anatomical connections. These observations provide a framework for future investigations of functional recovery after brain damage and on mechanisms that mediate nonconscious abilities.
Human resistin protects against endotoxic shock by blocking LPS–TLR4 interaction
Authors: Jang Jessica C. , Li Jiang , Gambini Luca , Batugedara Hashini M. , Sati Sandeep , Lazar Mitchell A. , Fan Li , Pellecchia Maurizio , Nair Meera G. 
Published: November 2017

Significance
Gram-negative bacterial sepsis is a life-threatening disease that is exacerbated by an uncontrolled immune response to the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Human resistin is a highly expressed cytokine in sepsis, where it is hypothesized to exacerbate inflammation. We identify an unexpected protective role for resistin in endotoxic shock. We use human resistin-expressing transgenic mice and human immune cell assays to show that resistin prevents LPS-induced mortality by blocking LPS binding to its receptor Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and by promoting anti-inflammatory signaling. Helminth infection-induced resistin and treatment with recombinant resistin or resistin N-terminal peptides also inhibited LPS function. These studies report a protective function for resistin and identify the therapeutic potential of resistin-mediated anti-inflammatory pathways or resistin-based reagents in sepsis.
Assessing the present and future probability of Hurricane Harvey’s rainfall
Authors: Emanuel Kerry 
Published: November 2017

Significance
Natural disasters such as the recent Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria highlight the need for quantitative estimates of the risk of such disasters. Statistically based risk assessment suffers from short records of often poor quality, and in the case of meteorological hazards, from the fact that the underlying climate is changing. This study shows how a recently developed physics-based risk assessment method can be applied to assessing the probabilities of extreme hurricane rainfall, allowing for quantitative assessment of hurricane flooding risks in all locations affected by such storms, regardless of the presence or quality of historical hurricane records.
cTAGE5 deletion in pancreatic β cells impairs proinsulin trafficking and insulin biogenesis in mice
Authors: Fan Junwan , Wang Yaqing , Liu Liang , Zhang Hongsheng , Zhang Feng , Shi Lei , Yu Mei , Gao Fei , Xu Zhiheng 
Published: November 2017

Proinsulin is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in pancreatic β cells and transported to the Golgi apparatus for proper processing and secretion into plasma. Defects in insulin biogenesis may cause diabetes. However, the underlying mechanisms for proinsulin transport are still not fully understood. We show that β cell–specific deletion of cTAGE5, also known as Mea6, leads to increased ER stress, reduced insulin biogenesis in the pancreas, and severe glucose intolerance in mice. We reveal that cTAGE5/MEA6 interacts with vesicle membrane soluble N-ethyl-maleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptor Sec22b. Sec22b and its interaction with cTAGE5/MEA6 are essential for proinsulin processing. cTAGE5/MEA6 may coordinate with Sec22b to control the release of COPII vesicles from the ER, and thereby the ER-to-Golgi trafficking of proinsulin. Importantly, transgenic expression of human cTAGE5/MEA6 in β cells can rescue not only the defect in islet structure, but also dysfunctional insulin biogenesis and glucose intolerance on cTAGE5/Mea6 conditional knockout background. Together our data provide more insight into the underlying mechanism of the proinsulin trafficking pathway.
High-mass star formation possibly triggered by cloud–cloud collision in the H ii region RCW 34
Authors: Hayashi Katsuhiro , Sano Hidetoshi , Enokiya Rei , Torii Kazufumi , Hattori Yusuke , Kohno Mikito , Fujita Shinji , Nishimura Atsushi , Ohama Akio , Yamamoto Hiroaki , Tachihara Kengo , Hasegawa Yutaka , Kimura Kimihiro , Ogawa Hideo , Fukui Yasuo 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We report on the possibility that the high-mass star located in the H ii region RCW 34 was formed by a triggering induced by a collision of molecular clouds. Molecular gas distributions of the 12CO and 13CO J = 2–1 and 12CO J = 3–2 lines in the direction of RCW 34 were measured using the NANTEN2 and ASTE telescopes. We found two clouds with velocity ranges of 0–10 km s−1 and 10–14 km s−1. Whereas the former cloud is as massive as ∼1.4 × 104 M⊙ and has a morphology similar to the ring-like structure observed in the infrared wavelengths, the latter cloud, with a mass of ∼600 M⊙, which has not been recognized by previous observations, is distributed to just cover the bubble enclosed by the other cloud. The high-mass star with a spectral type of O8.5V is located near the boundary of the two clouds. The line intensity ratio of 12CO J = 3–2/J = 2–1 yields high values (≳1.0), suggesting that these clouds are associated with the massive star. We also confirm that the obtained position–velocity diagram shows a similar distribution to that derived by a numerical simulation of the supersonic collision of two clouds. Using the relative velocity between the two clouds (∼5 km s−1), the collisional time scale is estimated to be ∼0.2 Myr with the assumption of a distance of 2.5 kpc. These results suggest that the high-mass star in RCW 34 was formed rapidly within a time scale of ∼0.2 Myr via a triggering of a cloud–cloud collision.
Drug-induced anaphylaxis: is it an epidemic?
Authors: Giavina-Bianchi Pedro , Aun Marcelo V. , Kalil Jorge 
Published: November 2017

Purpose of reviewThe present review addresses the epidemiology, analyzes the current data and promotes global awareness of drug-induced anaphylaxis.Recent findingsAnaphylaxis is a medical emergency that may cause death! In the last decade, studies have shown an increasing incidence and prevalence of anaphylaxis.SummaryDrug-induced anaphylaxis fatalities have increased, and this syndrome remains underdiagnosed and undertreated.
Informal learning of women small business owners
Authors: Sharafizad Jalleh 
Published: November 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate women small business owners’ informal learning behaviour. There is limited qualitative research that examines women small business owners’ learning process and this study aims to address this gap. The study was driven by the following research questions: “Do women small business owners prefer informal learning to formal training?” and if so, “Why do women small business owners prefer informal learning to formal training?” and “If informal learning is preferred, what role do networking and mentoring play in this learning process?”Design/methodology/approachSemi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 Western Australian women small business owners who were recruited through purposive sampling methods.FindingsThe small business owners had a strong preference for informal learning. Participants used their own work experience and knowledge to start-up their businesses. A low uptake of formal training was found due to time and resource constraints and personal preferences. Participants relied on contacts within their networks to acquire knowledge or they hired others who possessed the requisite knowledge or skill. Only a small portion of participants had mentors or acted as a mentor.Research limitations/implicationsThis study has limitations that tend to be commonly found in exploratory studies, such as a small sample size.Practical implicationsThe research has implications for recognised training institutions that are engaged in entrepreneurship education. By gaining greater understanding of the nature of learning in small business, they may be able to offer more affordable and flexible informal courses that specifically target women small business owners, incorporate mentorship programs within their business courses by engaging with industry partners, or appoint instructors with industry contacts and experience, to provide mentoring support for these business owners.Originality/valueThis research responds to calls for studies aimed at developing a more nuanced understanding of the learning behaviour of women small business owners.
“Can we borrow your phone? Employee privacy in the BYOD era”
Authors: Smith William P. 
Published: November 2017

PurposeThis paper aims to (a) summarize the legal and ethical foundations of privacy with connections to workplace emails and text messages, (b) describe trends and challenges related to “Bring Your Own Device” (BYOD), and (c) propose legal and nonlegal questions these trends will raise in the foreseeable future.Design/methodology/approachBased on a review of legal cases and scholarship related to workplace privacy, implications for BYOD practices are proposed.FindingsPrimarily due to property rights, employers in the USA have heretofore been granted wide latitude in monitoring employee communications. The BYOD trend has the potential to challenge this status quo.Originality valueBYOD programs present discernable threats to employee privacy. Attention is also directed toward contributing elements such as wearable technology, cloud computing and company cultures.
Extent and consequences of inadequate disease control among adults with a history of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis
Authors: Wei Wenhui , Anderson Peter , Gadkari Abhijit , Blackburn Stuart , Moon Rachel , Piercy James , Shinde Shashank , Gomez Jorge , Ghorayeb Eric 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSince control of atopic dermatitis (AD) remains challenging but has not been adequately characterized, the objective of this study was to characterize disease control among patients with a history of moderate to severe AD. Data were from the 2014 Adelphi US AD Disease Specific Programme, a cross‐sectional survey of physicians (n = 202) and their patients with history of moderate to severe AD (n = 1064, 54% female, 75% white, mean age 40 years). Inadequately controlled AD as rated by the physician was defined as currently flaring; deteriorating/changeable AD; or physician dissatisfaction with current control. The overall inadequate control rate was 58.7% (n = 625), which increased with current AD severity and was observed in 53.4% and 83.4% of patients receiving immunosuppressants and systemic corticosteroids, respectively. Relative to controls, inadequately controlled patients had poorer disease‐specific quality of life, higher level of work impairment, greater itch and sleep interference with daily living (all P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed factors significantly associated with inadequate control (all P < 0.05), including Hispanic race, symptoms on the head/neck or lower limbs, itch and sleep interference with daily living. A limitation of the study was reliance on accuracy of reporting, potential selection bias and cross‐sectional study design. In summary, there was a high rate and substantial impact of physician‐rated inadequately controlled disease among patients with a history of moderate to severe AD, suggesting the need for more effective therapies.
School‐Based Influenza Vaccination: Health and Economic Impact of Maine's 2009 Influenza Vaccination Program
Authors: Basurto‐Dávila Ricardo , Meltzer Martin I. , Mills Dora A. , Beeler Asay Garrett R. , Cho Bo‐Hyun , Graitcer Samuel B. , Dube Nancy L. , Thompson Mark G. , Patel Suchita A. , Peasah Samuel K. , Ferdinands Jill M. , Gargiullo Paul , Messonnier Mark , Shay David K. 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveTo estimate the societal economic and health impacts of Maine's school‐based influenza vaccination (SIV) program during the 2009 A(H1N1) influenza pandemic.Data SourcesPrimary and secondary data covering the 2008–09 and 2009–10 influenza seasons.Study DesignWe estimated weekly monovalent influenza vaccine uptake in Maine and 15 other states, using difference‐in‐difference‐in‐differences analysis to assess the program's impact on immunization among six age groups. We also developed a health and economic Markov microsimulation model and conducted Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis.Data CollectionWe used national survey data to estimate the impact of the SIV program on vaccine coverage. We used primary data and published studies to develop the microsimulation model.Principal FindingsThe program was associated with higher immunization among children and lower immunization among adults aged 18–49 years and 65 and older. The program prevented 4,600 influenza infections and generated $4.9 million in net economic benefits. Cost savings from lower adult vaccination accounted for 54 percent of the economic gain. Economic benefits were positive in 98 percent of Monte Carlo simulations.ConclusionsSIV may be a cost‐beneficial approach to increase immunization during pandemics, but programs should be designed to prevent lower immunization among nontargeted groups.
The Impact of State Medical Malpractice Reform on Individual‐Level Health Care Expenditures
Authors: Yu Hao , Greenberg Michael , Haviland Amelia 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundPast studies of the impact of state‐level medical malpractice reforms on health spending produced mixed findings. Particularly salient is the evidence gap concerning the effect of different types of malpractice reform. This study aims to fill the gap. It extends the literature by examining the general population, not a subgroup or a specific health condition, and controlling for individual‐level sociodemographic and health status.MethodsWe merged the Database of State Tort Law Reforms with the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey between 1996 and 2012. We took a difference‐in‐differences approach to specify a two‐part model for analyzing individual‐level health spending. We applied the recycled prediction method and the bootstrapping technique to examining the difference in health spending growth between states with and without a reform. All expenditures were converted to 2010 U.S. dollars.ResultsOnly two of the 10 major state‐level malpractice reforms had significant impacts on the growth of individual‐level health expenditures. The average annual expenditures in states with caps on attorney contingency fees increased less than that in states without the reform (p < .05). Compared with states with traditional contributory negligence rule, the average annual expenditures increased more in both states with a pure comparative fault reform (p < .05) and states with a comparative fault reform that barred recovery if the plaintiff's fault was equal to or greater than the defendant's (p < .05).ConclusionsA few state‐level malpractice reforms had significantly affected the growth of individual‐level health spending, and the direction and magnitude of the effects differed by type of reform.
Advanced Imaging Reduces Cost Compared to Standard of Care in Emergency Department of Triage of Acute Chest Pain
Authors: Noack Pamela S. , Moore Jhanna A. , Poon Michael 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate medical costs of novel therapies in complex medical settings using registry data.Data Source/Study SettingPrimary data, from 2008 to 2010. We used patient registry data to evaluate cost and quality performance of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in triaging chest pain patients in our tertiary care emergency department and to model financial performance under Medicare's two midnight rule.Study DesignUsing generalized linear modeling, we retrospectively compared estimated expenditures for evaluation of low‐to‐intermediate‐risk chest pain for demographic and medically risk matched samples of 894 patients each, triaged with CCTA or local standard of care (SOC) using Medicare reimbursement as a proxy.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsPredefined data elements were downloaded from the hospital mainframe into the CCTA registry, where they were validated and maintained electronically.Principle FindingsWe found that predicted standard of care costs were 2.5 times higher on the initial visit and 1.98 times higher over 30 days (p < .001) than those using CCTA. Predicted cost was 1.6 times higher when we applied our two midnight rule model (p < .001).ConclusionRapid assessment of treatment using registry data is a promising means of analyzing cost performance in complex health care environments.
Non‐invasive ventilation use in status asthmaticus: 16 years of experience in a tertiary intensive care
Authors: Bond Kirsten RL , Horsley Carl AE , Williams Anthony B 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the use of non‐invasive ventilation (NIV) in adults presenting with status asthmaticus to Middlemore Hospital Critical Care Complex (CCC, South Auckland, New Zealand) from 2000 to 2015.MethodRetrospective review of all adult asthma admissions to the Hospital CCC between 2000 and 2015. Demographic, physiological, treatment data and blood gas results were recorded.ResultsThere were 265 asthma admissions to Middlemore Hospital CCC during the study period. The median age was 34 years; 64% were female. NIV was used in 186 admissions, of which eight went on to require intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Twenty‐three other admissions received IMV without a trial of NIV and a further 58 were managed with medical care only. The average pH for all admissions was 7.23 and the IMV group had an average pH of 6.99. Forty‐five admissions presented with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of ≤10. Twenty‐five of these were managed with NIV with only one requiring subsequent intubation. The mean duration of NIV in this group was 5 h (range 1–17 h) with a mean ICU and hospital length of stay of 17 h and 3.5 days, respectively. All patients in this group effectively lowered the pCO2 over a 2 h period with NIV having an average drop of 5.9 kPa and IMV 3.4 kPa.ConclusionThe use of NIV appears to be safe and effective in patients with severe asthma, including selected patients with an altered level of consciousness. NIV was well tolerated with a low need for subsequent intubation.
Universal target‐enrichment baits for anthozoan (Cnidaria) phylogenomics: New approaches to long‐standing problems
Authors: Quattrini Andrea M. , Faircloth Brant C. , Dueñas Luisa F. , Bridge Tom C. L. , Brugler Mercer R. , Calixto‐Botía Iván F. , DeLeo Danielle M. , Forêt Sylvain , Herrera Santiago , Lee Simon M. Y. , Miller David J. , Prada Carlos , Rádis‐Baptista Gandhi , Ramírez‐Portilla Catalina , Sánchez Juan A. , Rodríguez Estefanía , McFadden Catherine S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAnthozoans (e.g., corals, anemones) are an ecologically important and diverse group of marine metazoans that occur from shallow to deep waters worldwide. However, our understanding of the evolutionary relationships among the ~7,500 species within this class is hindered by the lack of phylogenetically informative markers that can be reliably sequenced across a diversity of taxa. We designed and tested 16,306 RNA baits to capture 720 ultraconserved element loci and 1,071 exon loci. Library preparation and target enrichment were performed on 33 taxa from all orders within the class Anthozoa. Following Illumina sequencing and Trinity assembly, we recovered 1,774 of 1,791 targeted loci. The mean number of loci recovered from each species was 638 ± 222, with more loci recovered from octocorals (783 ± 138 loci) than hexacorals (475 ± 187 loci). Parsimony informative sites ranged from 26 to 49% for alignments at differing hierarchical taxonomic levels (e.g., Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Hexacorallia). The per cent of variable sites within each of three genera (Acropora, Alcyonium, and Sinularia) for which multiple species were sequenced ranged from 4.7% to 30%. Maximum‐likelihood analyses recovered highly resolved trees with topologies matching those supported by other studies, including the monophyly of the order Scleractinia. Our results demonstrate the utility of this target‐enrichment approach to resolve phylogenetic relationships from relatively old to recent divergences. Redesigning the baits with improved affinities to capture loci within each subclass will provide a valuable toolset to address systematic questions, further our understanding of the timing of diversifications and help resolve long‐standing controversial relationships in the class Anthozoa.
Knowledge transfer and partial equity ownership
Authors: Ghosh Arghya , Morita Hodaka 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAn alliance often involves one firm acquiring an equity stake in its alliance partner. We explore oligopoly models that capture the link between knowledge transfer and partial equity ownership (PEO), where alliance partners can choose the level of PEO. PEO can increase the alliance partners' profitability by inducing knowledge transfer, but the PEO itself reduces their joint profit because it induces other firms to take more aggressive actions. This trade‐off endogenously determines the level of PEO, which can benefit consumers and/or improve welfare. Given the growing antitrust interest in PEO, we explore the antitrust implications of our analysis.
GRIK1 and GABRA2 Variants Have Distinct Effects on the Dose‐Related Subjective Response to Intravenous Alcohol in Healthy Social Drinkers
Authors: Yang Bao‐Zhu , Arias Albert J. , Feinn Richard , Krystal John H. , Gelernter Joel , Petrakis Ismene L. 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundThe heritable risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD) is expressed partly through alterations in subjective alcohol response. In this study, we investigated the effects of 2 AUD‐risk‐associated single nucleotide polymorphisms, GABRA2 rs279858 and GRIK1 rs2832407, on the subjective response to alcohol administered intravenously to healthy social drinkers in a laboratory setting.MethodsIn total, 93 self‐identified European American social drinkers underwent 3 blinded laboratory sessions in which they received intravenous infusions of ethanol at 3 target blood alcohol levels (0.00 mg%, 40 mg%, and 100 mg%) using a “clamp” procedure. The self‐reported Biphasic Alcohol Effects Scale (BAES) stimulation and sedation subscales were the primary outcome measures. We examined the effects of these 2 genetic variants on subjective response to alcohol.ResultsFor the BAES stimulation subscale scores, adjusting for age, baseline scores, and time effects, individuals with 2 copies of the GABRA2 rs279858 C “risk” allele for AUD exhibited the greatest stimulant responses to high‐dose alcohol compared to the other risk allele counts (dose‐by‐allele count interaction effect, p = 0.001, post hoc contrast for C‐allele, p = 0.012). For the BAES sedation subscale scores, adjusting for the same covariates, we detected a dose‐by‐allele count interaction effect (p = 0.0044) such that subjects with 2 copies of the GRIK1 C “risk” allele reported the greatest sedative response to the higher alcohol dose.ConclusionsThis study suggests that gene variants contributing to the risk for AUD may alter features of the alcohol dose–response relationship in specific ways. GABRA2 rs279858*C enhances stimulant responses to higher levels of alcohol, while the GRIK1 rs2832407*C‐allele increases sedative responses. In summary, GRIK1 and GABRA2 variants have distinct effects on the dose‐related subjective response to intravenous alcohol in humans.