bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of low-velocity impact behavior of FML structures at different environmental temperatures using Taguchi method and grey relational analysis
Authors: DÜNDAR Mustafa , Uygur İlyas , EKİCİ Ergün 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Carbon fiber-reinforced Aluminum Laminate(CARALL) materials are a relatively new generation of Fibre Metal Laminate(FML) materials that have attracted interest due to their superior properties. This study investigates the low-velocity impact behavior of CARALL structures at different environmental temperatures(-40°C, 23°C and 80°C). Two different groups of CARALL composite structures with varying fiber orientations were produced by hot pressing in a 3/2 arrangement: C1(Al/0°90°/Al/90°0°/Al) and C2(Al/0°0°/Al/0°0°/Al/0°0°/Al). Low-velocity impact tests were conducted at 23J, 33J, and 48J energy levels using a Ø20 mm spherical impactor tip. The area of damage was detected by ultrasonic C-Scan. In addition, analysis of variance(ANOVA) was applied to reveal the influential parameters and their effect levels. After conducting experiments using the Taguchi L18 test set, it was observed that the C2-coded specimen yielded better results in terms of maximum peak load, maximum displacement, and damage area. While the decrease in temperature increased the damage and maximum peak load, the increase in temperature did not cause a significant change in the maximum peak load. The primary damage mechanisms observed in damage investigations were matrix cracks and delamination between composite layers. Although delamination is present between the Al/CFRP layer, it is not significant. This result highlights the success and importance of the Phospho-Sulphuric Anodizing(PSA) pre-surface treatment applied to the aluminum plates. In all experiments, the most effective parameter was the impact energy. The optimal experimental conditions (23°C temperature and 23J impact energy with the C1-coded sample) were determined using grey relational analysis based on principal component analysis.
Factors influencing primary care access for common mental health conditions among adults in West Africa: A scoping review
Authors: Adjei-Banuah Nhyira Yaw , Reichenberger Veronika , Ayiku Roberta Naa Barkey , Bondzie Eugene Paa Kofi , Amarteyfio Kezia Naa Amerley Akosua , Agyekum Mary Pomaa , Mirzoev Tolib , Murphy Adrianna , Ohene Sammy , Antwi Edward , Agyepong Irene A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Mental health conditions are a significant threat to global health and have recently seen increased efforts to tackle them. Despite these efforts, common mental health conditions like stress, anxiety disorders, depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and substance use disorder continue to affect many people worldwide. In West Africa, the situation is worse because of the many factors that hinder access to primary care for these conditions. Our scoping review explored the factors that influence primary care access for common mental health conditions among adults in West Africa.
Methods
Using the approach for the conduct of scoping reviews described by Arksey and O’Malley in 2005, five electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, CAIRN INFO, and Google Scholar), were searched for articles published between 1st January 2002 and 31st January 2024. Papers were screened by two independent reviewers and selected based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. This review adheres to the requirements of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, extension for scoping reviews.
Results
After removing duplicate records titles and abstracts were screened for 1736 articles resulting in 39 articles eligible for full-text screening. After full-text screening, 28 articles were included in the review. Our review revealed that the factors that influence primary care access for common mental health conditions in West Africa act either at the level of the patient, the primary healthcare facility, or outside these two levels at the contextual level. Contextual factors include social norms, cultural beliefs, traditions, and socio-economic status. They influence primary care access for mental health by affecting the patient level and healthcare facility-level factors. Furthermore, the domains of influence at the patient level and facility level are interrelated.
Conclusion
Factors influencing primary care access for common mental health conditions among adults in West Africa are multiple, complex, and interrelated. Effective Interventions to improve primary care access for mental health need to be multi-faceted addressing individual, facility and systems, as well as contextual factors.
Breast cancer therapy by both of laser and ultrasound irradiation with the aid of gold nanoparticles injection
Authors: Siyanaki Heliya sadat Kazemi , Rezaei Fatemeh , Kabiri Saeedeh , Ashrafkhani Behnam 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Breast cancer is a disease in which cells in the breast grow out of control. After surgery, chemotherapy, and other invasive treatments, hyperthermia is a suitable choice with minimal side effects. This paper investigates the treatment of breast cancer using a combination of laser and ultrasound irradiation in the presence of gold nanoparticles. In the simulations, the breast tissue is represented as a multilayer structure, and the tumor is supposed to consist of two parts: a superficial section and a deeper region. In the initial stage, the superficial parts of the tumor, which also contain gold nanoparticles, are exposed to a continuous laser for 50 seconds, followed by a cooling period of 20 seconds. Then, for deeper sections, ultrasound irradiation is utilized. The results indicated that the application of nanoparticles enhanced the tissue necrosis volume. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the combinational application of laser and ultrasound irradiation could eradicate both the superficial parts of the tumor and the deep parts.
Association Between Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index and Mortality Outcomes in Elderly Cancer Survivors in the United States
Authors: Li Jingyi , Su Bo , Chen Fangfang , Tang Min 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Cancer poses a significant global health burden, with increasing incidence and mortality rates, particularly among elderly populations. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and mortality outcomes (all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease) among elderly cancer survivors in the United States.Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed.
Methods
Participants were categorized into well-nourished, mildly malnourished, and moderately to severely malnourished groups. Weighted multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for mortality outcomes.
Results
The analysis included 2,582 elderly cancer survivors. Compared to the well-nourished group, the malnourished groups had higher proportions of older individuals, males, widowed or divorced individuals, current smokers, and deaths. Lower GNRI was associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.67–3.48), cancer mortality (HR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.32–3.80), and cardiovascular mortality (HR: 2.72, 95% CI: 1.41–5.25).
Conclusions
Assessing the nutritional status of elderly cancer survivors using GNRI can help determine their prognosis and guide interventions to improve long-term outcomes.
Role of the rostral anterior cingulate cortex in emotion processing in Treatment Resistant Depression
Authors: Barreiros Ana , Breukelaar Isabella , Mayur Prashanth , Andepalli Jagadeesh , Tomimatsu Yoshiro , Funayama Kenta , Foster Sheryl , Harris Anthony , Korgaonkar Mayuresh 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) has been identified as a key region in treatment-resistant depression (TRD), potentially influencing the adaptive interplay between the default mode network and other critical neural networks. This study aims to further uncover the role of the rACC in TRD by investigating its differential connectivity during tasks that evoke conscious and non-conscious emotional responses. Thirty-nine TRD patients, 35 treatment-sensitive depression (TSD) patients, and 38 healthy controls (HC) underwent 3T fMRI while performing tasks designed to elicit emotional responses to facial expressions under supraliminal and subliminal conditions. Connectivity patterns of the rACC were analyzed using seed-based and region-of-interest (ROI) approaches. During the processing of positive emotions in the subliminal task, TRD patients showed increased rACC connectivity to the cerebellum and middle temporal gyrus, compared to HC and TSD. Furthermore, significant hypoconnectivity between the rACC and hippocampus was found in the TRD, during the supraliminal processing of positive emotions, compared to TSD and HC. Altered neural connectivity to both subliminal and supraliminal processing of positive facial emotion distinguishes TRD from healthy individuals and patients who respond to depression treatments. This observation fits with anhedonia symptoms that persist in TRD and our findings identify that the underlying mechanism for this inability to process positive emotions is via altered connectivity of the rACC to regions involved in regulating or contextualising emotions.
Early Treatment-related Changes in Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Activity and Functional Connectivity as Potential Biomarkers for Antidepressant Response in Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Yang Yuan , Zhang Han , Li Cun , Shi Ke , Xia Ye , Song Yanhui , Feng Jie , Wang Ziwei , Wang Kai 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Previous research has demonstrated that patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) exhibit cognitive deficits. As a crucial region within the executive control network, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) activity and its functional connectivity (FC) may serve as potential indicators of antidepressant response. This prospective cohort study recruited 115 MDD patients and 43 healthy controls. Psychological assessments, electroencephalogram and event-related potential recordings were performed at baseline and 1 week after venlafaxine treatment, with a 12-week follow-up. Group differences were analyzed using independent sample t-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests, while linear mixed-effects models and logistic regression evaluated associations between DLPFC activity/FC changes and clinical outcomes. The MDD group showed significantly reduced right DLPFC current density during the N2 time window evoked by oddball stimuli (p = 0.028), which negatively correlated with 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-21) scores (p = 0.041) (n = 46). Furthermore, an early increase predicted remission at week 12 (p = 0.005). Decreased beta-band FC between the left DLPFC and both the left posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) (p = 0.003) and right PCC (p = 0.004) predicted lower HAMD-21 scores (n = 71). Moreover, an early reduction in these connectivity measures (left: odds ratio (OR) = 0.534, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.297–0.972, p = 0.036; right: OR = 0.533, 95% CI: 0.299–0.950, p = 0.033) predicted remission at week 12. Early changes in DLPFC activity and FC may serve as biomarkers for monitoring treatment efficacy and predicting clinical outcomes, informing personalized treatment approaches.
The Association of the Second to the Fourth Digit Ratio with Prostate Cancer Diagnosed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Transrectal Ultrasound Fusion Biopsy: A Comperative Analytical Cross-Sectional Analysis of Prospectively Recorded Data
Authors: Erbin Akif , Dizdaroglu Caglar , Erdal Feyzi Sinan , Sekkeli Sami , Meric Arda , Turkay Rustu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: Only a few studies that employed conventional transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) biopsy have investigated the connection between the second digit (2D)-to-fourth digit (4D) ratio and prostate cancer, and their findings have been conflicting. We aimed to investigate the correlation between the 2D:4D ratio and prostate cancer, identified through a multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI)-TRUS fusion biopsy, and its association with clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa).
Methods: Patients who underwent mp-MRI/TRUS fusion biopsy due to the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System 3/4/5 lesions between 2020 and 2024 were included in the study (n = 616). After applying the exclusion criteria, the patients were divided into three groups: Study group (n = 168): prostate cancer; study subgroup:csPCa (n = 95); and control group (n = 360): non-cancer. The groups were compared in terms of demographic data, patient characteristics, MRI characteristics, pathological features, cancer stages, and the right hand 2D:4D ratio.
Results: There was a significant difference between the study and control groups for total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, the rate of positive digital rectal examination findings, PSA density, and prostate volume, all favoring the study group (<,001, <,001, <,001, and <,001, respectively). The study and control groups did not show any difference in terms of the right-hand 2D:4D ratio. Similarly, no difference was observed between the study subgroup and control group when the study group was evaluated specifically for csPCa.
Conclusions: The right hand 2D:4D ratio is not a dependable predictor for both overall prostate cancer and csPCa risk.
An Integrated Approach for Studying Exposure, Metabolism, and Disposition of Traditional Chinese Medicine using PATBS and MDRB Tools: A Case Study of Semen Armeniacae Amarum
Authors: Zhang Dandan , Zhang Junyu , Chen Simian , Zhang Hairong , Yang Yuexin , Jiang Shan , Hong Yun , Zhu Mingshe , Xie Qiang , Wu Caisheng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in vivoprocess research is crucial for the development of TCM pharmacodynamic substances and new drugs. Exposure, metabolism, and disposition are always the difficulties and topical issues in TCM study, due to the complexity and diversity of its components. In recent years, a number of non-targeted smart mass-spectrometry (MS) techniques, such as precise-and-thorough background-subtraction (PATBS) and metabolomics, have realized the intelligent identification of in vivo components of TCM. However, the characterization of metabolites still mainly relies on manual identification in combination with online databases.
Results: We design a scoring approach, based on the structural similarity as well as the small difference in mass defect between metabolites and prototypes. In details, it was based on the three dimensions of mass spectral data: the m/z, the mass defect of MS1 and MS2, and the similarity of MS2 fragments, where R language editing algorithms were utilized to develop a novel mass dataset relevance bridging (MDRB) data post-processing technique. MDRB technology can realize the construction of component relationship network of TCM, which can effectively enhance the identification efficiency of metabolites and help the mapping of translational metabolic pathways. A non-targeted identification technology has been developed with the combination of MDRB and PATBS, to construct a complete strategy for identification, characterization and bridging analysis of metabolite in vivo. Based on this proposed strategy, we take Semen Armeniacae Amarum (CKXR) as an example to conduct its whole process study of exposure, metabolism, and disposition in mice.
Significance: The previously described analytical approach is universally applicable and demonstrates its effectiveness in analyzing complex components of TCMs in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, bridging the correlation between them can also be realized, and the metabolic transformation relationship of components with the same parent nucleus structure can be explored in depth. Last but not least, the code for the MDRB algorithmic strategy has been uploaded to the platform (https://github.com/933ZhangDD/MDRB) and is publicly available.
The Novara Cohort Study: Rationale, Objective and Preliminary Findings From an Italian Ageing Cohort Study
Authors: Aleni Chiara , Cracas Silvia , Garro Giulia , Antona Annamaria , Venetucci Jacopo , Bettio Valentina , Varalda Marco , Scotti Lorenza , Ferrante Daniela , Rolla Roberta , Faggiano Fabrizio , Capello Daniela 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The Novara Cohort Study (NCS) is the first multidisciplinary cohort study on aging in Northern Italy. It is designed to explore aging trajectories and health outcomes in the general population. This study involves the collection of biological samples and extensive data, including socioeconomic, medical history, lifestyle habits, quality of life and physical function.
Objective
This paper outlines the rationale, objectives, and preliminary findings of the NCS pilot phase. It discusses the baseline characteristics, initial biological characterization, and identifies key areas for improvement to ensure the successful implementation of the full-scale study.
Methods
The NCS pilot phase enrolled participants aged 35 and older residing in Novara, Italy. The study involved the collection of biological samples, medical examinations, questionnaires and functional tests. Data were collected included demographic information, physical activity, sleep quality, diet, quality of life, mental health, medical history, and medication use. Key blood parameters were analyzed alongside clinical data.
Results
The pilot phase enrolled 123 participants, 68 (55.3%) females and 55 (44.7%) males with a median age of 65 years old. The NCS pilot participants had higher education levels, lower smoking rates, and higher physical activity levels than the general population. Blood biomarker profiling showed significant variability across participants, providing a solid foundation for effectively analyzing aging trajectories.
Conclusions
The NCS pilot provided crucial insights into participant characteristics and identified areas for study protocol enhancement throughout all phases. These findings will guide refinements to optimize future study processes and outcomes, ultimately aimed at investigating the biological, social, and environmental determinants of aging in the Northern Italy area population.
The Nexus between Multilingualism and Criminality in Ghana, West Africa: A Qualitative Analysis through the Lens of Symbolic Interactionism Theory
Authors: Mensah Ronald Osei , Kingful Princess , Mensah Gifty Serwah 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This study focuses on multilingualism, and criminality, from the perspective of symbolic interactionism theory. The researchers adopted a qualitative approach, utilizing ethnographic research design, to, thus, explore the complex relationship between such communication symbolism and deviant behavior in the Ghanaian cultural context. Here, the researchers conducted semi-structured interviews with three categories of participants: 10 deviant individuals, or criminals, from Ankaful prisons, and in the communities, through non-participant observation, 8 community members, and 4 law enforcement officers. Actually, the researchers employed purposive sampling method to ensure that participants have relevant expertise in, and/or firsthand knowledge related to, communication symbolism in deviant subcultures. The findings of the study, primarily, showed that communication, through multilingualism, conveys identities and codes thinly, and it is an effective symbol of group connection. Interestingly, the complicated dynamics surrounding the stigmatization, and labelling, of communication symbolism of language is observed to have an impact on deviant people's self-esteem, and their interaction with law enforcement. Therefore, as a concrete method of identifying, and comprehending, such communication symbolism within deviant, and criminal, subcultures, policymakers, according to this study, may form a collaborative task force consisting of law enforcement officers, community leaders and cultural experts.
Diffusion Basis Spectrum Imaging of White Matter in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Mamah Daniel , Patel Aakash , Chen ShingShiun , Wang Yong , Wang Qing 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
Multiple studies point to the role of neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SCZ), however, there have been few in vivo tools for imaging brain inflammation. Diffusion basis spectrum imaging (DBSI) is an advanced diffusion-based MRI method developed to quantitatively assess microstructural alternations relating to neuroinflammation, axonal fiber, and other white matter (WM) pathologies.
Methods:
We acquired one-hour-long high-directional diffusion MRI data from young control (CON, n =27), schizophrenia (SCZ, n =21), and bipolar disorder (BPD, n =21) participants aged 18-30. We applied Tract-based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) to allow whole-brain WM analyses and compare DBSI-derived isotropic and anisotropic diffusion measures between groups. Clinical relationships of DBSI metrics with clinical symptoms were assessed across SCZ and control participants.
Results:
In SCZ participants, we found a generalized increase in DBSI-derived cellularity (a putative marker of neuroinflammation), a decrease in restricted fiber fraction (a putative marker of apparent axonal density), and an increase in extra-axonal water (a putative marker of vasogenic edema) across several WM tracts. There were only minimal WM abnormalities noted in BPD, mainly in regions of the corpus callosum (increase in DTI-derived RD and extra-axonal water). DBSI metrics showed significant partial correlations with psychosis and mood symptoms across groups.
Conclusion:
Ourfindings suggest that SCZ involves generalized white matter neuroinflammation, decreased fiber density, and demyelination, which is not seen in bipolar disorder. Larger studies are needed to identify medication-related effects. DBSI metrics could help identify high-risk groups requiring early interventions to prevent the onset of psychosis and improve outcomes.
Exosomes derived from SOX9 overexpressing human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate osteoarthritis by potentially activating autophagy
Authors: Qin Shangzhu , Zhang Aijie , Liu Haibo , Wang Fen , Liu Lianghua , Xu Peng , Duan Lian , Lin Fang , Zhao Mingcai 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The exosomes derived from modified mesenchymal stem cells are a promising treatment for osteoarthritis (OA). The aim of this study was to explore the therapeutic effects of SOX9-overexpressing human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs) exosomes on OA and their potential mechanisms. SOX9 was overexpressed in hucMSCs, and the exosomes derived from these modified hucMSCs were isolated (ExosSOX9). An IL-1β-stimulated OA chondrocytes model and a surgically induced OA rat model were established. These models were subsequently treated with the prepared exosomes. Western blot results indicated that the ExosSOX9 markedly enhanced the synthesis of cartilage extracellular matrix and inhibited its degradation in vitro. Histological, imaging, immunohistochemical, and chip analysis demonstrated that the ExosSOX9 markedly alleviated OA progression and decreased serum inflammatory markers in OA rats. Furthermore, the autophagy/Wnt signaling axis served as a potential target pathway for the ExosSOX9 in both in vivo and in vitro studies. Consequently, the ExosSOX9 may alleviate OA by simultaneously inhibiting the Wnt pathway and inducing autophagy. The findings indicate that the ExosSOX9 may represente a promising approach for cell-free therapy in OA.