bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of stress and burnout management training for employees of an industrial company
Authors: Salehe P. , Khademi Ashkzari M. , Mohebbi M. , Ezzat K. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionBurnout is a state of physical and emotional exhaustion. It can occur when people experience long-term stress in job, or when they have worked in a physically or emotionally draining role for a long time. There have been numerous studies done showing the results of stress and burnout in the employee's profession across many areas of health care.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of stress and burnout management training on employees using experimental method to help employees to understand available resources and help them find better ways to manage stress in the workplace.AimsThis study aims to discusses how organizations can assist in combating stress in ways that benefit both the employees involved and the organization itself.MethodA curriculum-based intervention was developed to provide education in a classroom setting. The sample included 14 nurses with various nursing backgrounds who were selected randomly and were assigned randomly in two experimental and control groups, which contained 7 employees in each group. The experimental group received the training while the control group was in waiting list. The instruments were the General Health Questionnaire and Burnout Checklist, and demographic questionnaire. Data was analyzed by covariance analysis method.ResultsResult indicated that stress and burnout management training was efficient on reducing stress and burnout symptoms in employee.ConclusionIt is concluded that stress and burnout management training is an effective group intervening method for reducing the dysfunctional effects of stress and job burnout in employees.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Psychopathology of depersonalization and de-realization. What is the limit between normal and pathological?
Authors: Hernandez Santillan G. 
Published: June 2017

A 21-year-old woman, distance-learning psychologist with a history of parent violence during her early childhood in the context of her father's alcohol poisoning, describes experiences of depersonalization and de-realization, of which she is aware since the age of five years, in situations of stress or out, for example, when looking in the mirror or even playing. She consulted to psychiatry, seven months after his father died of lung cancer, he frequently smoked tobacco and cannabis at home, had been diagnosed a year before his death. The patient described increased anxiety symptoms, with panic attacks, hypnopompic and hypnagogic hallucinations, and increased depersonalization and de-realization phenomena. She denies the use of psychoactive substances in addition to tobacco and alcohol, occasionally. Likewise, the depressive symptomatology was objectified in relation to the grief for the loss of his father. She received treatment with SSRIs and two months later, referred partial remission of symptoms, with persistence of dissociative symptoms. In addition, she presents emotional instability, feelings of emptiness, self-defeating ideas without structured suicide ideation. In recent months, he has presented avoidant behaviors and isolation with affectation in his habitual functioning. Now, in this case: are depersonalization and de-realization normal, part of the anxiety crisis, a sign of a high-risk mental state, or a prelude to a serious mental illness?Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
Behavioral addictions and the associated mental health issues and psychopathology
Authors: Starcevic V. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionBehavioral addictions are conceptually controversial and their relationship with mental health problems and psychopathology is poorly understood.ObjectivesTo review the relationships between personality traits, mental health issues and mental disorders on one hand and several behavioral addictions on the other. The latter include problematic Internet use, Internet gaming disorder, hypersexual disorder/compulsive sexual behavior disorder, compulsive buying and exercise addiction.MethodsLiterature review and conceptual synthesis.ResultsMental health issues, personality dimensions and mental disorders are commonly associated with behavioral addictions. Although some relatively specific associations were found (e.g., between Internet gaming disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, between compulsive buying and pathological hoarding and between exercise addiction and eating disorders), the specificity of most associations was low. Most studies were cross-sectional and the direction of causality, if any, was uncertain. Therefore, it is unknown under what circumstances certain mental health issues predispose to the particular behavioral addiction or represent a primary problem and when they are a consequence of behavioral addictions. This review also underscores the importance of distinguishing between certain behavioral addictions and overlapping conditions, e.g., between compulsive buying and bipolar disorder (mania/hypomania).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that proper conceptualization of behavioral addictions as distinct conditions or a manifestation of an underlying psychopathology will have to await results of the prospective studies. In the meantime, there are implications for treatment in terms of the importance of identifying and addressing the underlying or associated mental health problems in individuals with behavioral addictions.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
Lithium and EKG abnormalities. A review
Authors: Ballesteros A. , Rosero Á.S. , Sáiz H. , García-Parreño E. , Carlos G. , Manrique E. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe literature concerning possible cardio-toxic effects of lithium therapy in man is reviewed.MethodologyA review was conducted to clarify the mechanisms associated with the occurrence of conducting abnormalities when using lithium and investigating (if so) whether these alterations depend on the dose. The literature search was conducted in PubMed data reviewing articles between 1982 and 2015.Results(1) Related to pathopsychiology/risk factors: reports indicate T wave morphology changes with lithium therapy. Of particular concern are cases of sinus mode dysfunction or sinoatrial block and the appearance or aggravation of ventricular irritability. The incidence of cardiac complications, in general terms, may increase with age. Recent findings (a retrospective study of bipolar patients) of lithium-associated hypocalcaemia showed that hypocalcaemia resulting from medical diseases and bipolar patients with lithium-associated hypocalcaemia had significantly higher frequencies of conduction defects. (2) Related/unrelated to dose: therapeutic and toxic levels of lithium have infrequently been associated with serious cardiac dysfunction. Several case reports demonstrate two important points about Brugada syndrome unmasking: electrocardiograph abnormality severity may correspond to lithium levels and unmasking may occur in the therapeutic range of lithium. Other report shows a case of lithium induced sinus-node dysfunction in a patient with serum lithium levels in therapeutic range.ConclusionsLithium abnormalities are rare and mostly not related to dose. Conducting heart anomalies may occur, especially when several factors are present (such as age or co-morbid illnesses that affect calcium serum levels).Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Anti-psychotics: To withdraw or not to withdraw?
Authors: Ferreira C. , Alves S. , Oliveira C. , Avelino M.J. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAnti-psychotics constitute a class of psychotropic drugs used for the treatment and prophylaxis of several disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and psychotic depression. Frequently, clinicians are asked by their patients to withdraw this medication. In some cases, that may be related to notable side effects. However, it may actually indicate an inadequate control of the psychiatric disorder with poor insight.AimsThe goal of this work is to systematically review the scientific literature in order to understand if there are consistent data that support anti-psychotics withdraw in specific clinical situations.MethodsThe literature was reviewed by online searching using PubMed®. The authors selected scientific papers with the words “anti-psychotics” and “withdraw” in the title and/or abstract, published in English.Results and discussionAnti-psychotics improve prognosis and enhance patients’ quality of life. There are few data in the literature regarding recommendations that support anti-psychotic withdraw in psychiatric patients. Very specific conditions must exist for withdrawing anti-psychotics, like neuroleptic malignant syndrome, cardiac side effects, and change of diagnosis or prolonged remission after a first and single psychotic event. When that decision is made, it should be done slowly and carefully and both the patient and his family should be involved.ConclusionsThere is no evidence in the literature that supports withdraw of anti-psychotics for the majority of psychiatric situations. When specific conditions are present that possibility must then be considered, however, with careful consideration and after discussion with the patient and parties involved in patient's care.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, anti-psychotics and metabolic risk factors in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
Authors: Fjukstad K.K. , Engum A. , Lydersen S. , Dieset I. , Steen N.E. , Andreassen O. , Spigset O. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between metabolic factors and use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) combined with olanzapine, quetiapine or risperidone.MethodData from a cross-sectional study on 1301 patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder were analyzed. The main outcome variables were levels of total cholesterol, low – and high-density lipoprotein (LDL and HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose.ResultsOne defined daily dose (DDD) per day of an SSRI in addition to olanzapine was associated with an increase in total cholesterol of 0.16 (CI: 0.01 to 0.32) mmol/L (P = 0.042) and an increase in LDL–cholesterol of 0.17 (CI: 0.02 to 0.31) mmol/L (P = 0.022). An SSRI serum concentration in the middle of the reference interval in addition to quetiapine was associated with an increase in total cholesterol of 0.39 (CI: 0.10 to 0.68) mmol/L (P = 0.011) and an increase in LDL-cholesterol of 0.29 (0.02 to 0.56) mmol/L (P = 0.037). When combined with risperidone, no such effects were revealed. No clear-cut effects were seen for HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose.ConclusionThe findings indicate only minor deteriorations of metabolic variables associated with treatment with an SSRI in addition to olanzapine and quetiapine, but not risperidone. These results provide new insight in the cardiovascular risk profile associated with concomitant drug treatment in patients with severe mental illness, and suggest that SSRIs can be combined with anti-psychotics without a clinically significant increase of adverse metabolic effects.Disclosure of interestCo-author Dr. Ole Andreassen has received speakers’ honoraria from GSK, Lundbeck and Otsuka.
A retrospective study of drug – drug interactions in patients treated with pharmacotherapy in the biggest Slovenian correctional facility
Authors: Stuhec M. , Brunec S. , Svab V. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundDrug-drug interactions (DDIs) are known to lead to treatment failure.ObjectivesIn most European countries there are no data on DDIs in patients within correctional facilities.AimThe main aim of this paper is to present the most frequent DDIs in the biggest Slovenian male, Slovenian correctional facility Dob to avoid serious DDIs in future.MethodsA retrospective study was carried between September 2015 and June 2016 on 141 patients on substitution treatment (methadone, suboxone and buprenorphine) and 125 other prisoners with mental disorders in need for psychiatric treatment were included. All study data were extracted from the patients’ medical files of the psychiatric dispensary in the prison Dob. DDIs were determined by different interaction classes with Lexicomp Online™ 19.0 version and only X (major interactions and should be avoided) and D (minor interactions and avoid if it is possible) were included.ResultsTogether 220 patients were included. Number of patients with at least 1 interaction, were 139 (63.2%). Number of patients with at least 1 X interaction, were 59 (26.8%). Number of patients with more than one (1) X interactions was 15 (6.8%). More than half of the patients (56.4%) were treated by hypnotics and 38.4% with benzodiazepines. The most frequent X DDIs were: buprenorphine, methadone and sulpride with antipsychotics (clozapine and quetiapine) and antidepressants (e.g. escitalopram, fluoxetine).ConclusionsIn patients treated with methadone and buprenorphine there are frequent DDIs resulting in contraindications for prescribed combination of drugs. If an antidepressant is to be used in patients prescribed methadone and buprenorphine, sertraline is recommended.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Identification of a Long Lasting Stress Signatures Associated with Enhanced Vulnerability for Depression by Using ‘Omics and Cross Species Approaches
Authors: Cattaneo A. 
Published: June 2017

Depression results from the interplay of vulnerability genes with environmental factors, a phenomenon named as ‘gene-environment (GxE) interaction’. To date, GxE interaction studies have been limited to hypothesis-based candidate genes, since genome-wide (GWAS)-based GxE interaction studies would require enormous datasets with genetics, environmental and clinical variables. We used a novel, cross-species and cross-tissues “omics” approaches to identify genes predicting depression in response to stress in GxE interactions. We integrated the transcriptome and miRNome profiles from the hippocampus of adult rats exposed to prenatal stress (PNS) with transcriptome data obtained from blood mRNA of adult humans exposed to early life trauma, using a stringent statistical analyses pathway. Network analysis of the integrated gene lists identified the Forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1), Alpha-2-Macroglobulin (A2 M) and Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGFB1) as candidates to be tested for GxE interactions, in two GWAS samples of adults either with a range of childhood traumatic experiences (Grady Study Project, Atlanta, USA) or with childhood emotional abuse only (Helsinki Birth Cohort Study, Finland). Six FOXO1 SNPs showed significant GxE interactions with emotional abuse in the Grady Study that survived stringent permutation analyses and were all replicated in the Helsinki study. In addition, other SNPs in all the three genes showed significant GxE interactions with emotional, physical and sexual abuse in the Grady Study. We therefore provide a successful ‘hypothesis-free’ approach for the identification and prioritization of candidate genes for GxE interaction studies that can be investigated in GWAS datasets.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Association of behavioral “Theory of Mind” Test performance with neurophysiological and vegetative parameters in schizophrenia patients and healthy subjects
Authors: Garakh Z. , Zaytseva Y. , Morozova A. , Strelets V. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionTheory of Mind (ToM) deficit is investigated by psychological and neurobiological methods using a range of social cognitive tests, including the verbal test Hinting Task. However, it remains unclear whether there is a connection between ToM results and the physiological characteristics in norm and in pathology.ObjectivesWe performed the comparison of Hinting Task performance in patients with schizophrenia and healthy subjects; analysis of correlations between Hinting Task performance with physiological parameters; discriminant analysis in order to classify subject groups according to predictors, including psychological and physiological parameters.MethodsWe measured Hinting Task, spectral power of the EEG mu-rhythm (SP) and heart rate (HR) at rest and during a motion imagery task in 114 right-handed subjects, 1st episode patients with schizophrenia (SCH1) n = 29, chronically ill patients with schizophrenia, duration of illness more than 5 years, (SCH2) n = 23, and healthy subjects (НС) n = 62.ResultsHinting Task rate: HC > SCH2 (P < 0.01), HC ≥ SCH1 (P = 0.07), SCH1 = SCH2 (P = 0.3). Only SCH1 Hinting Task score was associated with a complex of physiological parameters in the resting state [Multiple R = 0.78, F (3.25) = 13.31, P < 0.0001]. Discriminant function analysis of HC and the combined SCH group [F (7.106) = 7.078, P < 0.0000]. The samples were classified at 89% and 71%, respectively, including HR (P < 0.000001), SP in the resting state in C4 (P < 0.001), C3 (P < 0.01), SP changes in C3 (P < 0.05) and Hinting Task (P = 0.2).ConclusionsHinting Task Hinting Task is a part of classification model of norm and schizophrenia. Patients with first episode and chronically ill patients with schizophrenia do not differ in the studied parameters.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
From hypomania to mania after correcting severe hypoglicemia: A case report to recall insulin shock therapy
Authors: Felgueiras J. , Freitas C. , Carvalho A.T. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionIn the early 20th century, shock therapies developed worldwide as the most effective means to treat severe mental illness. In 1927, Manfred Sakel introduced the newly discovered insulin as a means to treat opioid-addicted patients, by relieving withdrawal symptoms. After noticing that some psychotic patients notably recovered from their psychotic symptoms after accidental insulin comas, he extended this technique to schizophrenic patients, arguing that up to 70% of his patients improved with this therapy. Insulin shock therapy soon spread all-over the world and became one of the most important treatments for severe mental illness. Regardless of the high-rate complications, insulin shock therapy only declined after the introduction of anti-psychotic drugs.ObjectiveDescription of a clinical case.MethodsNon-systematic review of literature and case report.ResultsA 70-year-old female with type-1 bipolar disorder and type-2 diabetes was referred to a psychiatry emergency department (ED) for 2-week behavioral disorder, featuring restlessness, agitation, insomnia, verbiage and persecutory delusions. In the ED, she presented calm, cooperating, with a subtle humor elation and slight disinhibition. The speech was somewhat confusing, but with normal debit. Delusional thought or hallucinations were not evident. Severe hypoglycemia was first detected by capillary glucose measurement and confirmed by a blood test. After the blood glucose was corrected she became gradually more restless, talkative, disinhibited, with clear humor elation, compatible with a manic state.ConclusionWe discuss if this case might be explained by the severe hypoglycemia and its correction, linking it to insulin shock therapy, reviewing this procedure's history, controversies and current developments.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The Role of Psychotherapy in Improving the Quality of Life and Social Rehabilitation of Patients with Psoriasis
Authors: Bialuhina V. , Belugina I. , Azarova L. , Siatkovskaia N. , Siatkovski V. , Jagovdik N. 
Published: June 2017

Introduction.Psychotherapy can ease physical symptoms of patients with skin pathology.Objectives.To study features of social and psychological maladaptation and quality of life in patients with psoriasis.Aim.To study psychotherapy role in quality of life improvement and social rehabilitation of patients with psoriasis and their family members for the period 2000–2015 in the Belarusian population.Methods.One hundred and twenty four patients with cutaneous psoriasis, 12 patients with psoriatic arthritis and 42 healthy persons were studied. Quality of life, types of attitude towards the disease, level of social frustration, depression, level of social maladaptation, psychological defense mechanisms and patients attitudes towards psychotherapy were assessed.Results.There were detected among patients with psoriasis (especially with arthropathy form): social maladaptation, higher level of social frustration and depression (P < 0.05), decrease in quality of life (P < 0.001), the wider range of psychological defense mechanisms (negation, regression, substitution, reactive formation, P < 0.05). Maladaptive types of attitude towards the disease were presented in 24% patients with psoriasis and almost in 41% patients with arthropathy.Conclusions.Psychotherapy can have a high potential for social rehabilitation and quality of life improvement for patients with psoriasis. Obtained data in social maladaptation indicate family therapy as an important therapeutic part for patients with psoriasis. Moreover, knowledge about patients psychological defense mechanisms can help to choose a direction and methods of individual psychotherapy of social maladaptation. This research shows also that psychotherapeutic approach and family psychotherapy remains underestimated in Belarus.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Should I Save my Marriage?: Addressing Couple Relationships by Means of Art Therapy Intervention
Authors: Citak Tunc G. , Eren N. 
Published: June 2017

Objective.This study investigates the case of a female patient, who was experiencing marital problems and had separated from her spouse, with whom an art (drawing) therapy process was carried out.Aim.It was aimed to address the relationship of the couple by supporting the ego and increasing self-awareness skills by means of art materials (drawings) in the process of the situational crisis.Method.Case study.Result.With this case study, it was aimed to make emphasis on the impact of drawing sessions as a means of using art in therapeutic relationships for self-awareness and opportunity for development in a situational crisis during marriage.Conclusion.During the process of individual art therapy, nine sessions and eight drawing tasks were conducted. The case patient, OS, had been separated from her spouse for 2 months. In the first session, a personal history was taken, the scores of the state-trait anxiety scale was evaluated and a therapy plan was jointly developed. Each action was carried out by providing specific instructions. Each session was evaluated within the same week in a supervision meeting with an expert experienced in art therapy and the next session was planned. OS, who developed self-awareness as a result of the sessions, evaluated his/her expectations and boundaries in his/her relationship and discovered the connections with her own nuclear family. In a session with OS one year later, she gave the information that she had started to share a house with her spouse.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.