bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovery of a resting stage in the harmful, brown‐tide‐causing pelagophyte, Aureoumbra lagunensis: a mechanism potentially facilitating recurrent blooms and geographic expansion
Authors: Kang Yoonja , Tang Ying‐Zhong , Taylor Gordon T. , Gobler Christopher J. 
Published: October 2016

To date, the life stages of pelagophytes have been poorly described. This study describes the ability of Aureoumbra lagunensis to enter a resting stage in response to environmental stressors including high temperature, nutrient depletion, and darkness as well as their ability to revert from resting cells back to vegetative cells after exposure to optimal light, temperature, and nutrient conditions. Resting cells became round in shape and larger in size, filled with red accumulation bodies, had smaller and fewer plastids, more vacuolar space, contained lower concentrations of chl a and RNA, displayed reduced photosynthetic efficiency, and lower respiration rates relative to vegetative cells. Analysis of vegetative and resting cells using Raman microspectrometry indicated resting cells were enriched in sterols within red accumulation bodies and were depleted in pigments relative to vegetative cells. Upon reverting to vegetative cells, cells increased their chl a content, photosynthetic efficiency, respiration rate, and growth rate and lost accumulation bodies as they became smaller. The time required for resting cells to resume vegetative growth was proportional to both the duration and temperature of dark storage, possibly due to higher metabolic demands on stored energy (sterols) reserves during longer period of storage and/or storage at higher temperature (20°C vs. 10°C). Resting cells kept in the dark at 10°C for 7 months readily reverted back to vegetative cells when transferred to optimal conditions. Thus, the ability of Aureoumbra to form a resting stage likely enables them to form annual blooms within subtropic ecosystems, resist temperature extremes, and may facilitate geographic expansion via anthropogenic transport.
Antithrombotic treatment with direct‐acting oral anticoagulants in patients with splanchnic vein thrombosis and cirrhosis
Authors: De Gottardi Andrea , Trebicka Jonel , Klinger Christoph , Plessier Aurélie , Seijo Susana , Terziroli Benedetta , Magenta Lorenzo , Semela David , Buscarini Elisabetta , Langlet Philippe , Görtzen Jan , Puente Angela , Müllhaupt Beat , Navascuès Carmen , Nery Filipe , Deltenre Pierre , Turon Fanny , Engelmann Cornelius , Arya Rupen , Caca Karel , Peck‐Radosavljevic Markus , Leebeek Frank W. G. , Valla Dominique , Garcia‐Pagan Juan Carlos ,   the VALDIG Investigators
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundDirect‐acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are used in patients with splanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT) and cirrhosis, but evidence for safety and efficacy in this setting is limited. Our aim was to identify indications and reasons for starting or switching to DOACs and to report adverse effects, complications and short‐term outcome.MethodsData collection including demographic information, laboratory values, treatment and complications through the Vascular Liver Disease Interest Group Consortium.ResultsForty‐five centres (90%) of the consortium completed the initial eCRF. We report here a series of 94 patients from 17 centres. Thirty‐six patients (38%) had cirrhosis. Child‐Pugh score was 6 (range 5‐8), and MELD score 10.2 (range 6‐19). Indications for anticoagulation were splanchnic vein thrombosis (75%), deep vein thrombosis (5%), atrial fibrillation (14%) and others (6%). DOACs used were rivaroxaban (83%), dabigatran (11%) and apixaban (6%). Patients were followed up for a median duration of 15 months (cirrhotic) and 26.5 months (non‐cirrhotic). Adverse events occurred in 17% of patients and included one case of recurrent portal vein thrombosis and five cases of bleeding. Treatment with DOACs was stopped in three cases. The major reasons for choosing DOACs were no need for monitoring or inadequacy of INR to guide anticoagulation in cirrhotic patients. Renal and liver function did not change during treatment.ConclusionsA consistent number of patients with SVT and/or cirrhosis are currently treated with DOACs, which seem to be effective and safe. These data provide a basis for performing randomized clinical trials of DOACs vs. low molecular weight heparin or vitamin K antagonists.
Pharmacokinetics and analgesic effectiveness of intravenous parecoxib for tonsillectomy ± adenoidectomy
Authors: Tan Lena , Taylor Elsa , Hannam Jacqueline A. , Salkeld Lesley , Salman Sam , Anderson Brian J. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryBackgroundFew pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) data exist for COX‐2 selective inhibitors in children. We wished to characterize the PKPD of parecoxib and its active metabolite, valdecoxib, in this population.MethodsChildren (n = 59) were randomized to parecoxib 0.25 mg·kg−1, 1 mg·kg−1, and 2 mg·kg−1 during tonsillectomy ± adenoidectomy. Samples (4–6 per child) were obtained from indwelling cannula over 6 h. A second group of inpatient children (n = 15) given 1 mg·kg−1 contributed PK data from 6 to 24 h. Pain scores and rescue medication for the first group were recorded postoperatively for up to 24 h. PK data were pooled with those (10 samples/24 h) from a published study of children (n = 38) who underwent surgery. A three‐compartment parent and one‐compartment metabolite model with first‐order elimination was used to describe data using nonlinear mixed effects models. An EMAX model described the relationship between dose and rescue morphine equivalents during recovery.ResultsParecoxib PK parameter estimates were CLPARECOXIB 19.1 L·h−1·70 kg−1, V1PARECOXIB 4.2 L·70 kg−1, Q2PARECOXIB 6.29 L·h−1·70 kg−1, V2PARECOXIB 130 L·70 kg−1, Q3PARECOXIB 6.02 L·h−1·70 kg−1, and V3PARECOXIB 2.03 L·70 kg−1. We assumed all parecoxib was metabolized to valdecoxib with CLVALDECOXIB 9.53 L·h−1·70 kg−1 and VVALDECOXIB 51 L·70 kg−1. There was no maturation of clearance over the age span studied. There were no differences in pain scores between groups on waking, discharge, 12 h, or 24 h. There were no differences in analgesia consumption over 24 h between groups for tramadol, fentanyl, and morphine rescue use. Fentanyl and morphine consumption, expressed as morphine equivalents (0.13 mg·kg−1) in the 0.25 mg·kg−1 group, was greater than that observed in the 1 or 2 mg·kg−1 groups (0.095 mg·kg−1) in PACU.ConclusionsParecoxib 0.9 mg·kg−1 in a 2‐year‐old, 0.75 mg·kg−1 in a 7‐year‐old, and 0.65 mg·kg−1 in a 12‐year‐old child achieves dose equivalence of 40 mg in a standard 70 kg person. Clearance maturation may occur in infants younger than the current cohort. Parecoxib doses above 1 mg·kg−1 add no additional analgesia.
Adrenal insufficiency in neonates after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Crawford Jack H. , Hull Matthew S. , Borasino Santiago , Steenwyk Brad L. , Hock Kristal M. , Wall Kevin , Alten Jeffrey A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundCardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) may lead to adrenal insufficiency (AI). Emerging evidence supports association of AI with morbidity after cardiac surgery.AimsThe aim of this study was to define AI incidence in neonates undergoing complex cardiac surgery with CPB and its association with intraoperative post‐CPB outcomes.MethodsForty subjects enrolled in a prior randomized control trial who received preoperative methylprednisolone as part of our institutional neonatal bypass protocol were included. No intraoperative steroids were given. ACTH stimulation tests were performed: preoperatively and 1 h after separation from CPB. AI was defined as <9 μg·ml−1 increase in cortisol at 30 min post cosyntropin 1 mcg. Clinical outcomes were collected up to 90 min after CPB.Results2/40 (5%) subjects had preoperative AI vs 13/40 (32.5%) post‐CPB AI, P ≤ 0.001. No significant difference was observed in age, gestational age, weight, CPB time, circulatory arrest, or STAT category between subjects with or without post‐CPB AI. ACTH decreased from preoperative values 127.3 vs 35 pcg·ml−1 [median difference = 81.8, 95% CI = 22.7–127.3], while cortisol increased from 18.9 vs 75 μg·dl−1 [median difference = 52.2, 95% CI = 36.3–70.9]. Post‐CPB AI was associated with increased median colloid resuscitation, 275 vs 119 ml·kg−1 [median difference = 97.8, 95% CI = 7.1–202.2]; higher median peak lactate, 9.4 vs 6.9 mg·dl−1 [median difference = 3.2, 95% CI = 0.04–6.7]; median post‐CPB lactate, 7.9 vs 4.3 mg·dl−1, [median difference 3.6, 95% CI = 2.1–4.7], and median lactate on admission to CICU, 9.4 vs 6.0 mg·dl−1 [median difference = 3, 95% CI = 1.1–4.9]. No difference was observed in blood pressure or vasoactive inotrope score at any time point measured in operating room (OR). Higher initial post‐CPB cortisol correlated with decreased cosyntropin response.ConclusionsNeonatal cardiac surgery with CPB and preoperative methylprednisolone leads to AI as determined by low‐dose ACTH stimulation test in one‐third of patients. AI is associated with increased serum lactate and colloid resuscitation in OR. Impact of preoperative methylprednisolone on results is not defined. Benefit of postoperative steroid administration in neonates with post‐CPB AI warrants further investigation.
A retrospective comparison of propofol alone to propofol in combination with dexmedetomidine for pediatric 3T MRI sedation
Authors: Boriosi Juan P. , Eickhoff Jens C. , Klein Kristi B. , Hollman Gregory A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackground and aimBoth propofol and dexmedetomidine have been found to be safe and effective sedation for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Our program experienced an increase in patients arousing and experiencing an adverse airway event during propofol sedation for MRI in the first months of using a new 3T (Tesla) MRI scanner that was found to have a longer reverberation time compared to the previous 1.5 T MRI. In an effort to decrease patient arousal and adverse airway events during MRI, we administered a dexmedetomidine load prior to our standard propofol protocol. The objective was to compare adverse events and other outcome measures of patients sedated with propofol alone (Pro) and propofol preceded by a dexmedetomidine load (D+P).MethodsWe reviewed a sedation database and medical records for all children undergoing 3T MRI studies while sedated with propofol alone or propofol preceded by a dexmedetomidine load in 2014.ResultsTwo hundred and fifty‐six sedations were performed for MRI (87 Pro and 169 D+P). The two groups were comparable with regard to age, weight, gender, and American Society of Anesthesiologists status. Subjects in the D+P cohort had significantly fewer adverse events (10/169 patients (5.9%) vs 23/87 patients (26.4%) [OR 0.18, 95% CI: 0.08–0.39, P < 0.001]), particularly upper airway obstruction. Mean discharge time was longer in the D+P cohort compared to the Pro cohort (87.1, SD 26.3 min vs 69.7, SD 23.6; [mean difference 17.7 min, 95% CI: 10.6–24.8, P < 0.001]).ConclusionsThe addition of a dexmedetomidine infusion prior to our propofol MRI sedation protocol resulted in fewer sedation‐related adverse events, particularly upper airway obstruction. Further studies are needed to evaluate the potential for a reduction on adverse events with this drug combination.
Development of Japanese version of King's Stigma Scale and its short version: Psychometric properties of a self‐stigma measure
Authors: Mizuno Masashi , Yamaguchi Sosei , Taneda Ayano , Hori Hiroaki , Aikawa Ayako , Fujii Chiyo 
Published: October 2016

AimThe study aimed to develop two Japanese versions of King's Stigma Scale, a full version (KSS‐J‐1) and a short version (KSS‐J‐2), through psychometric property testing.MethodsThe sample included 112 people with mental illness. We tested the constructs of the scales using both confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses. Internal consistency and test–retest reliability were tested. We examined convergent validity with self‐esteem or perceived stigma, and different group validity, using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6).ResultsWhereas a relatively weak model fit (comparative fit index = 0.66, Tucker–Lewis index = 0.63, root mean square error of approximation = 0.097) of KSS‐J‐1 (full version: 28 items) was found, KSS‐J‐2 (short version: 17 items), produced by exploratory factor analysis, had a moderate model fit (comparative fit index = 0.90, Tucker–Lewis index = 0.89, root mean square error of approximation = 0.063). High internal consistency (KSS‐J‐1, ω = 0.82–0.89; KSS‐J‐2, ω = 0.86–0.89) and moderate test–retest reliability (KSS‐J‐1, interclass correlation = 0.56–0.88; KSS‐J‐2, interclass correlation = 0.45–0.85) were reported. Some subscales and the entire scale of KSS‐J‐1 were significantly correlated with self‐esteem and perceived stigma. Conversely, only two subscales in KSS‐J‐2 were significantly correlated with self‐esteem. The scores of each subscale and the entire score for both KSS‐J‐1 and KSS‐J‐2 in the high psychological distress group were higher than the low group (KSS‐J‐1, d = 0.61–0.83; KSS‐J‐2, d = 0.47–0.70), except for the Discrimination subscale in KSS‐J‐2.ConclusionBoth Japanese versions of King's Stigma Scale can be utilized depending on their intended use.
Contact Alopecia: Improvement of Alopecia with Discontinuation of Fluocinolone Oil in Individuals Allergic to Balsam Fragrance
Authors: Admani Shehla , Goldenberg Alina , Jacob Sharon E. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractInflammatory scalp dermatoses can be associated with alopecia, which is nonscarring and reversible in its early stages. This association has been described in seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis. We describe three girls with alopecia aggravated by contact allergy to balsam fragrances. All three had complete resolution with avoidance of balsam of Peru and other balsam derivatives (including discontinuation of fluocinolone oil, which contains balsam of pine).
Case of Pediatric Bullous Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Treated with Intravenous Immunoglobulin
Authors: Juhász Margit , Rogge Megan , Chen Mary , Czernik Annette , Jung Kim Soo , Geller Lauren 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis is a case report of a 16‐year‐old girl recently diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who presented with multiple blisters on the face, hands, arms, legs, trunk, and vaginal and oral mucosa. Skin biopsy was consistent with bullous SLE (BSLE). Dapsone is often the first‐line treatment option for BSLE, but the patient's history of anemia and leukopenia and long‐term immunosuppression requirement for her systemic symptoms raised concerns about dapsone and bone marrow toxicity, especially hemolytic anemia and agranulocytosis. She was started on intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), 2 g/kg divided over 3 days, with significant improvement in her cutaneous symptoms. IVIG is a treatment option for BSLE patients in whom agents such as dapsone are contraindicated.
Beckwith–Wiedemann Syndrome and Primary Lymphedema of the Lower Extremity
Authors: Beijnen Usha E. A. , Maclellan Reid A. , Goss Jeremy A. , Couto Javier A. , Konczyk Dennis J. , Greene Arin K. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBeckwith–Wiedemann syndrome is the most common genetic overgrowth syndrome. Patients with Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome may have hemihypertrophy, but their lymphatic vasculature is intact. We present a child with Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome and lower extremity enlargement thought to be due to hemihypertrophy that was instead diagnosed with primary lymphedema. There are many causes of leg overgrowth in the pediatric population and misdiagnosis is common. While extremity enlargement secondary to hemihypertrophy may occur in 15% of patients with Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome, progression and pitting edema only occur in primary lymphedema. This report highlights the importance of ensuring an accurate diagnosis so that patients are managed appropriately.
Forcible Stops: Police and Citizens Speak Out
Authors: Eterno John A. , Barrow Christine S. , Silverman Eli B. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA recent federal district court decision found that the New York City Police Department engaged in unconstitutional policing. Officers stopped millions of minority young men over the span of several years. Most of those stopped were innocent of any wrongdoing. This article uses qualitative and quantitative research methods to investigate these inequities, examining the views of both the police and those who were stopped. The authors find that pressure on officers emanating from headquarters was responsible for much of the illegal behavior by lower‐level officers. Additionally, youth in minority neighborhoods felt mistreated by the police; this led to distrust in the police. The authors suggest solutions to ameliorate this painful episode in police practice. The article concludes with specific recommendations such as reducing management pressure on officers and police developing community partnerships.
Use of bacterial subcellular components as immunostimulants in fish aquaculture
Authors: Giri Sib Sankar , Chi Cheng , Jun Jin Woo , Park Se Chang 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAquaculture and fisheries products are expected to play a leading part in addressing the food necessities of the increasing human population. However, in intensive aquaculture, fish are exposed to stress conditions that deteriorate their immune systems, leading to increased disease vulnerability. These disease outbreaks have resulted in production losses and represent one of the key constraints in fish farming. Accordingly, aquaculture disease management efforts have concentrated on the establishment of environmental friendly and lasting methods. Recently, several studies have revealed that various bacteria (especially probiotics)‐derived cellular components might be used as promising immunostimulants in fish aquaculture. Such components curtail the risk concomitant with the use of antibiotics, chemotherapeutics, vaccines and probiotics. Among the various health advantages ascribed to bacterial cellular components, the modulation of specific and nonspecific immune responses, cytokine gene expression and anti‐pathogenic activities are most anticipated benefits. Their potential as vaccine adjuvants for fish culture has also been demonstrated. However, as an emerging practice, limited knowledge is available regarding the detailed interactions with fish immune systems. Therefore, the underlying mechanisms involved in fish immune cell activation need to be explored further. In this context, the present article aspires to review the available studies on the use of bacterial cellular components in fish culture and their biological effects on fish such as growth promotion, immunostimulation and anti‐pathogenic activities as well as to evaluate the factors that control the optimal induction of immune responses in fish. In addition, future issues that merit further investigation are suggested.
Eco‐evolutionary dynamics in restored communities and ecosystems
Authors: LaRue Elizabeth A. , Chambers Sally M. , Emery Nancy C. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractRecent ecological studies have revealed that rapid evolution within populations can have significant impacts on the ecological dynamics of communities and ecosystems. These eco‐evolutionary dynamics (EED) are likely to have substantial and quantifiable effects in restored habitats over timescales that are relevant for the conservation and restoration of small populations and threatened communities. Restored habitats may serve as “hotspots” for EED due to mismatches between transplanted genotypes and the restored environment, and novel interactions among lineages that do not share a coevolutionary history, both of which can generate strong selection for rapid evolutionary change that has immediate demographic consequences. Rapid evolution that influences population dynamics and community processes is likely to have particularly large effects during the establishment phase of restoration efforts. Finally, restoration activities and their associated long‐term monitoring programs provide outstanding opportunities for using eco‐evolutionary experimental approaches. Results from such studies will address questions about the effects of rapid evolutionary change on the ecological dynamics of populations and interacting species, while simultaneously providing critical, but currently overlooked, information for conservation practices.
Improving Hurricane Power Outage Prediction Models Through the Inclusion of Local Environmental Factors
Authors: McRoberts D. Brent , Quiring Steven M. , Guikema Seth D. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTropical cyclones can significantly damage the electrical power system, so an accurate spatiotemporal forecast of outages prior to landfall can help utilities to optimize the power restoration process. The purpose of this article is to enhance the predictive accuracy of the Spatially Generalized Hurricane Outage Prediction Model (SGHOPM) developed by Guikema et al. (2014). In this version of the SGHOPM, we introduce a new two‐step prediction procedure and increase the number of predictor variables. The first model step predicts whether or not outages will occur in each location and the second step predicts the number of outages. The SGHOPM environmental variables of Guikema et al. (2014) were limited to the wind characteristics (speed and duration of strong winds) of the tropical cyclones. This version of the model adds elevation, land cover, soil, precipitation, and vegetation characteristics in each location. Our results demonstrate that the use of a new two‐step outage prediction model and the inclusion of these additional environmental variables increase the overall accuracy of the SGHOPM by approximately 17%.
Role of monocyte recruitment in hemangiosarcoma metastasis in dogs
Authors: Regan D. P. , Escaffi A. , Coy J. , Kurihara J. , Dow S. W. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractCanine hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is a highly malignant tumour associated with short survival times because of early and widespread metastasis. In humans and rodents, monocytes play key roles in promoting tumour metastasis through stimulating tumour cell extravasation, seeding, growth and angiogenesis. Therefore, we investigated the potential association between monocyte infiltration and tumour metastasis in HSA and other common canine tumours. Immunohistochemistry was used to quantifyCD18+monocytes within metastases. We found that HSA metastases had significantly greater numbers ofCD18+monocytes compared with metastases from other tumour types. HSA cells were the highest producers of the monocyte chemokineCCL2, and stimulated canine monocyte migration in aCCL2dependent manner. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that overexpression ofCCL2and recruitment of large numbers of monocytes may explain in part the aggressive metastatic nature of canine HSA. Thus, therapies designed to block monocyte recruitment may be an effective adjuvant strategy for suppressing HSA metastasis in dogs.