bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nursing Students’ Willingness to Care for Older Adults in Taiwan
Authors: Chi Mei‐Ju , Shyu Meei‐Ling , Wang Shou‐Yu , Chuang Hsiu‐Ching , Chuang Yeu‐Hui 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackground: The possibilities that nurses will take care of persons 65 years of age or older in hospitals and communities are increasing due to a growing aged population. Nursing students should be prepared to face the challenges of their future practice. Therefore, factors associated with nursing students’ willingness to care for older adults need to be identified.Aim: This study aimed to explore Taiwanese nursing students’ willingness to work with older persons and factors associated with this.Methods: A cross‐sectional research design was used. Stratified sampling was applied to recruit participants from seven nursing schools in northern, central, southern, and eastern areas of Taiwan. There were 612 nursing students who successful completed the questionnaire including demographic data, the Attitudes Toward the Elderly Scale, and the Willingness Toward the Elderly Care Scale. Data were collected between November 2012 and January 2013. A stepwise regression analysis was conducted to identify predictors of nursing students’ willingness to care for older adults.Findings: The mean score of nursing students’ attitudes toward older people was 73.86 (SD = 8.9), with a range of 44–106. The mean score on the willingness to care for older adults was 55.01 (SD = 6.4), with a range of 36–75. The length of time with older adults per week (r = 0.12, p = .003) and grandparents having served as caregivers during the students’ childhood (t = –2.147, β = .032) were both positively associated with the willingness to care for older adults. The best predictors of nursing students’ willingness to care for older adults were students’ attitudes toward older adults (β = 0.38, p < .001), paying attention to issues related to older adults (β = 0.24, p < .001), and having the experience of being a volunteer who served older people (β = 0.10, p = .005), which explained 26.8% of the total variance.Conclusions: Taiwanese undergraduate nursing students had neutral to slightly favorable attitudes toward working with older adults. Nursing students’ positive attitudes about older adults, paying attention to issues related to older adults, and having been a volunteer that served older people were predictors of their willingness to care for older persons. Appropriate and practical strategies should be developed for students in order to increase their preference for caring for older people.Clinical Relevance: The findings of this study can provide information for faculty members and clinical preceptors for designing curricula and related activities or arranging practicum in the future.
Diaphragm degeneration and cardiac structure in mdx mouse: potential clinical implications for Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Barbin Isabel Cristina Chagas , Pereira Juliano Alves , Bersan Rovere Matheus , de Oliveira Moreira Drielen , Marques Maria Julia , Santo Neto Humberto 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe examined the effects of exercise on diaphragm degeneration and cardiomyopathy in dystrophin‐deficient mdx mice. Mdx mice (11 months of age) were exercised (swimming) for 2 months to worsen diaphragm degeneration. Control mdx mice were kept sedentary. Morphological evaluation demonstrated increased fibrosis in the diaphragm of exercised mdx mice (33.3 ± 6.0% area of fibrosis) compared with control mdx mice (20.9 ± 1.7% area of fibrosis). Increased (26%) activity of MMP‐2, a marker of fibrosis, was detected in the diaphragms from exercised mdx mice. Morphological evaluation of the heart demonstrated a 45% increase in fibrosis in the right ventricle (8.3 ± 0.6% in sedentary vs. 12.0 ± 0.6% of fibrosis in exercised) and in the left ventricle (35% increase) in the exercised mdx mice. The density of inflammatory cells–degenerating cardiomyocytes increased 95% in the right ventricle (2.3 ± 0.6 in sedentary vs. 4.5 ± 0.8 in exercised) and 71% in the left ventricle (1.4 ± 0.6 sedentary vs. 2.4 ± 0.5 exercised). The levels of both active MMP‐2 and the pro‐fibrotic factor transforming growth factor beta were elevated in the hearts of exercised compared with sedentary mdx mice. The wall thickness to lumen diameter ratio of the pulmonary trunk was significantly increased in the exercised mdx mice (0.11 ± 0.04 in sedentary vs. 0.28 ± 0.12 in exercised), as was the thickness of the right ventricle wall, which suggests the occurrence of pulmonary hypertension in those animals. It is suggested that diaphragm degeneration is a main contributor to right ventricle dystrophic pathology. These findings may be relevant for future interventional studies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy‐associated cardiomyopathy.
Experiences of registered nurses who supervise international nursing students in the clinical and classroom setting: an integrative literature review
Authors: Newton Louise , Pront Leeanne , Giles Tracey M 
Published: January 2016

Aims and objectivesTo examine the literature reporting the experiences and perceptions of registered nurses who supervise international nursing students in the clinical and classroom setting.BackgroundNursing education relies on clinical experts to supervise students during classroom and clinical education, and the quality of that supervision has a significant impact on student development and learning. Global migration and internationalisation of nursing education have led to increasing numbers of registered nurses supervising international nursing students. However, a paucity of relevant literature limits our understanding of these experiences.DesignAn integrative literature review.MethodsComprehensive database searches of CINAHL, Informit, PubMed, Journals@Ovid, Findit@flinders and Medline were undertaken. Screening of 179 articles resulted in 10 included for review. Appraisal and analysis using Whittemore and Knafl's (Journal of Advanced Nursing, 52, 2005, 546) five stage integrative review recommendations was undertaken.ResultsThis review highlighted some unique challenges for registered nurses supervising international nursing students. Identified issues were, a heightened sense of responsibility, additional pastoral care challenges, considerable time investments, communication challenges and cultural differences between teaching and learning styles.ConclusionIt is possible that these unique challenges could be minimised by implementing role preparation programmes specific to international nursing student supervision. Further research is needed to provide an in‐depth exploration of current levels of preparation and support to make recommendations for future practice, education and policy development.Relevance to clinical practiceAn awareness of the specific cultural learning needs of international nursing students is an important first step to the provision of culturally competent supervision for this cohort of students. There is an urgent need for education and role preparation for all registered nurses supervising international nursing students, along with adequate recognition of the additional time required to effectively supervise these students.
Thrombin‐Induced Platelet‐Fibrin Clot Strength Identified by Thrombelastography
Authors: Bliden Kevin P. , Tantry Udaya S. , Gesheff Martin G. , Franzese Christopher J. , Pandya Shachi , Toth Peter P. , Mathew Denny P. , Chaudhary Rahul , Gurbel Paul A. 
Published: January 2016

Background and ObjectiveIn‐stent restenosis (ISR) is a limitation of percutaneous coronary intervention and has been linked to specific clinical and angiographic variables. We aimed to simultaneously assess thrombosis biomarkers and lipid levels in patients with and without ISR.MethodsConsecutive patients (n = 170) with a history of coronary stenting undergoing elective angiography were studied. Blood samples for thrombelastography, light transmittance aggregometry, and lipid levels were obtained prior to cardiac catheterization.ResultsSixty‐nine patients (41%) had ISR (>50% luminal diameter stenosis). Among patients with ISR, 40 (58%) had ISR in more than one stent bed. Patients with ISR were more often female (37.7% vs. 21.8%, P = 0.04), had higher thrombin‐induced platelet‐fibrin clot strength (TIP‐FCS) (69.9 mm vs. 65.6 mm, P < 0.001), and a higher ApoB/A1 ratio (0.65 vs. 0.59, P = 0.03). In patients on dual antiplatelet therapy (n = 86), there were no differences in ADP‐, arachidonic acid‐, and collagen‐induced platelet aggregation between groups. The frequency of patients with ISR increased with TIP‐FCS quartiles and by ROC analysis, TIP‐FCS = 67.0 mm was the cutpoint for identification of ISR (AUC = 0.80 (95%CI 0.73–0.87, P < 0.0001). By multivariate analysis, TIP‐FCS ≥67.0 mm strongly associated with ISR (OR = 7.3, P = 0.004).ConclusionPatients with ISR identified at the time of cardiac catheterization have a prothrombotic phenotype indicated by high TIP‐FCS, a novel marker. Studies to confirm the prognostic utility of high TIP‐FCS for the development of ISR are ongoing. (J Interven Cardiol 2016;29:168–178)
Odontogenic myxoma: a clinicopathological study in a South African population
Authors: Titinchi Fadi , Hassan Bassam A. , Morkel Jean A. , Nortje Christoffel 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundOdontogenic myxoma is a benign, locally aggressive neoplasm of the jaws. Prevalence rates range between 0.5% and 17.7% of odontogenic tumours. There are few reports in the literature on this lesion in African populations, and therefore, this study aimed to report on odontogenic myxoma in a South African population over a 40‐year period.MethodsThe clinical records and orthopantomograms of 29 histopathologically diagnosed odontogenic myxoma were retrospectively analysed. Details of age, gender, ethnic origin and clinical, histological as well as radiological features were recorded.ResultsThe ages of patients ranged from 7 to 44 years with a mean of 21.3 years. The male‐to‐female ratio was 1:2.6 with the majority of patients being of mixed race and Africans. Clinically, 31% complained of pain while 58.6% had a history of swelling. The majority of odongenic myxomas (62.1%) were located in the mandible with the posterior region being most commonly affected. Multilocular lesions (69.2%) were more common and were significantly larger than unilocular lesions (P < 0.05). The outline of these tumours was mostly well‐defined (84.6%) with different degrees of cortication. Only one tumour caused tooth resorption, while 20 cases (76.9%) caused tooth displacement. Six tumours expanded into the maxillary sinus, and 14 tumours caused expansion of the mandible.ConclusionsOdontogenic myxomas have variable clinical, radiological and histological features. Most of these features in this population were similar to other populations. It is mandatory to use conventional radiographs along with histopathological examination to aid in arriving at an accurate diagnosis.
Biotic homogenization of urban floras by alien species: the role of species turnover and richness differences
Authors: Lososová Zdeňka , Chytrý Milan , Danihelka Jiří , Tichý Lubomír , Ricotta Carlo 
Published: January 2016

AbstractQuestionThe spread of alien species has been changing the diversity of plant communities all over the world, perhaps most notably in urban habitats. It has been shown that alien species with different residence times have different impacts on the β‐diversity of urban plant communities: archaeophytes tend to contribute to homogenization, while neophytes tend to increase differentiation among sites. However, it has not been determined whether these processes result from changes in species turnover or from differences in species richness. Here, we use an additive partitioning framework to disentangle the contribution of species turnover and richness difference to β‐diversity patterns in invaded urban plant communities.LocationThirty‐two cities in ten countries of Central Europe and Benelux.MethodsWe analysed the effects of alien species on β‐diversity of urban plant communities separately for archaeophytes and neophytes to assess whether the observed patterns differ between these two groups of species with different residence times in the invaded region. We used additive as well as non‐additive measures of species turnover and richness difference. For this purpose, we proposed a new index that complements the recently proposed Podani‐Schmera index of richness difference.ResultsWe confirmed the results of earlier studies that neophytes tend to differentiate the urban plant communities, while archaeophytes tend to homogenize, although in some specific habitats they can also contribute to differentiation. The observed changes in β‐diversity were related to the turnover component of β‐diversity in most cases, especially for neophytes. In contrast, the richness difference component was not significantly different between neophytes and native species. The trends for archaeophytes were less consistent, but in most habitats their turnover and richness difference were not significantly different from native species.ConclusionsChanges in β‐diversity of urban plant communities induced by the establishment of alien species reflect mainly species turnover, whereas the richness difference component has small effects restricted to certain habitats only.
Understanding trends in biological invasions by introduced mammals in southern South America: a review of research and management
Authors: Ballari Sebastián A. , Anderson Christopher B. , Valenzuela Alejandro E. J. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Invasive introduced mammals (IIMs) have ecological and social dimensions that require holistic research to integrate academic disciplines with basic and applied sciences.
We assessed current knowledge of IIMs to determine trends in their study and management in southern South America.
A keyword search was used to select indexed papers in the Web of Science. These were reviewed to assess each study's objective, methodology, country, publication year, and taxa. Unpublished ‘grey’ literature was added to evaluate further each species’ native range, year of introduction, the reason for its introduction, its distribution, dispersal pathways, impacts, and management.
Most of the 190 peer‐reviewed publications were focused on autecology and impacts of IIMs; less than 4% addressed management or social topics. Twenty‐three IIMs have been documented in the study area. The southern Magellanic subpolar forest was the most invaded ecoregion (17 spp.), and the most studied orders, from 440 records in 190 papers, were Artiodactyla (35%) and Rodentia (28%). Together, livestock and commensals brought during early European colonisation constituted 44% of this assemblage, but hunting was the major reason behind the introduction of IIMs (30%).
To enhance policies and institutional frameworks pertaining to biological invasions, we highlight the importance of: 1) recognising the presence and spread of IIMs in ‘pristine’ or protected areas; 2) improving controls to prevent new introductions and escapes; 3) including social and cultural aspects of biological invasions in research and management plans; 4) reinforcing hunting regulations; 5) establishing long‐term programmes to monitor distribution and dispersion; 6) creating mechanisms for scientists and managers to co‐produce research and policy programmes oriented towards applied issues; 7) developing pilot management projects in critical areas; 8) achieving societal involvement in management programmes to ensure public acceptance; and 9) developing prioritisation tools, as resources needed to manage IIMs are often limited.
Science Supports Education: The Behavioral Research Base for Psychology's Top 20 Principles for Enhancing Teaching and Learning
Authors: Lucariello Joan M. , Nastasi Bonnie K. , Anderman Eric M. , Dwyer Carol , Ormiston Heather , Skiba Russell 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTPsychological science has much to contribute to preK‐12 education because substantial psychological research exists on the processes of learning, teaching, motivation, classroom management, social interaction, communication, and assessment. This article details the psychological science that led to the identification, by the American Psychological Association's Coalition for Psychology in Schools and Education, of the “Top 20 Principles from Psychology for PreK‐12 Teaching and Learning.” Also noted are the major implications for educational practice that follow from the principles.
Examining the Role of Sphingosine Kinase‐2 in the Regulation of Endothelial Cell Barrier Integrity
Authors: Dimasi David P. , Pitson Stuart M. , Bonder Claudine S. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectiveA key mediator of vascular EC barrier integrity, S1P, is derived from phosphorylation of sphingosine by the SK‐1 and SK‐2. While previous work indicates that SK‐1 can regulate EC barrier integrity, whether SK‐2 has a similar role remains to be determined.MethodsA cell impedance assay was used to assess human umbilical vein EC and bone marrow EC barrier integrity in vitro, with application of the SK inhibitors ABC294640, PF543, SKi, and MP‐A08. In vivo studies were conducted using intravital microscopy to assess EC barrier integrity in SK‐1 (Sphk1−/−) and SK‐2 (Sphk2−/−) knock‐out mice.ResultsOnly ABC294640 and MP‐A08, which can both inhibit SK‐2, caused a decrease in EC barrier integrity in vitro in both cell types. Intravital microscopy revealed that Sphk1−/− mice had reduced EC barrier integrity compared to WT mice, whereas no change was evident in Sphk2−/− mice.ConclusionsOur data suggest that in vitro inhibition of SK‐2, can compromise the integrity of the EC monolayer, while SK‐1 exerts a more dominant control in vivo. These data may have clinical implications and could aid in the development of new treatments for disorders of vascular barrier function.
Odontocete occurrence in relation to changes in oceanography at a remote equatorial Pacific seamount
Authors: Baumann‐Pickering Simone , Trickey Jennifer S. , Wiggins Sean M. , Oleson Erin M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSeamounts are considered hot spots of biodiversity and can aggregate pelagic predators and their prey. Passive acoustic monitoring was conducted over 3 mo in 2012 to document the occurrence of odontocetes near a seamount chain in the central equatorial Pacific in relation to oceanographic changes over time. Beaked whale echolocation signals were most frequently encountered. The main beaked whale signal was an unknown type, BW38, which resembled signals produced by Blainville's beaked whales. It had high occurrence during high sea surface temperature and low sea surface salinity. Cuvier's beaked whales were the second most detected. They had an opposite pattern and were encountered more often when sea surface temperature was low and net primary productivity was high. Risso's dolphins and short‐finned pilot whales had high acoustic densities, and echolocated predominantly at night. Risso's dolphins occurred more often during low sea surface height deviation. False killer whales were less frequently detected and mostly occurred during the day. Sperm whale detections were fewer than expected and associated with high chlorophyll a. Short duration Kogiidae encounters occurred on average every third day. These types of long‐term site studies are an informative tool to comparatively assess species composition, relative abundance, and relationship to oceanographic changes.
A transcription activator‐like effector from Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola elicits dose‐dependent resistance in rice
Authors: Hummel Aaron W. , Wilkins Katherine E. , Wang Li , Cernadas R. Andres , Bogdanove Adam J. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryXanthomonas spp. reduce crop yields and quality worldwide. During infection of their plant hosts, many strains secrete transcription activator‐like (TAL) effectors, which enter the host cell nucleus and activate specific corresponding host genes at effector binding elements (EBEs) in the promoter. TAL effectors may contribute to disease by activating the expression of susceptibility genes or trigger resistance associated with the hypersensitive reaction (HR) by activating an executor resistance (R) gene. The rice bacterial leaf streak pathogen X. oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) is known to suppress host resistance, and no host R gene has been identified against it, despite considerable effort. To further investigate Xoc suppression of host resistance, we conducted a screen of effectors from BLS256 and identified Tal2a as an HR elicitor in rice when delivered heterologously by a strain of the closely related rice bacterial blight pathogen X. oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) or by the soybean pathogen X. axonopodis pv. glycines. The HR required the Tal2a activation domain, suggesting an executor R gene. Tal2a activity was differentially distributed among geographically diverse Xoc isolates, being largely conserved among Asian isolates. We identified four genes induced by Tal2a in next‐generation RNA sequencing experiments and confirmed them using quantitative real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). However, neither individual nor collective activation of these genes by designer TAL effectors resulted in HR. A tal2a knockout mutant of BLS256 showed virulence comparable with the wild‐type, but plasmid‐based overexpression of tal2a at different levels in the wild‐type reduced virulence in a directly corresponding way. Overall, the results reveal that host resistance suppression by Xoc plays a critical role in pathogenesis. Further, the dose‐dependent avirulence activity of Tal2a and the apparent lack of a single canonical target that accounts for HR point to a novel, activation domain‐dependent mode of action, which might involve, for example, a non‐coding gene or a specific pattern of activation across multiple targets.
New Brunswick nurses' views on nursing research, and factors influencing their research activities in clinical practice
Authors: Robichaud‐Ekstrand Sylvie 
Published: January 2016

AbstractNew Brunswick became the first province in Canada to require a baccalaureate degree in nursing as the entry to practice, yet nursing research in hospital settings remains quite low. This study examined clinical nurses' views on nursing research, and identified some contributing factors to the research‐practice gap. This descriptive, cross‐sectional multicenter study involved 1081 nurses working in the Francophone Regional Health Authority in New Brunswick, Canada. Nurses were eager to identify nursing‐care problems to improve patient care (92.9%), and to be involved in collecting data for nursing research studies (95.2%). However, without research supervision, few had engaged in basic research activities, such as formulating or refining research questions (24.5%), presenting at research conferences (6.9%), or changing their practice based on research findings (27.2%). Younger, more educated nurses, nurse managers, and educators participated more readily in research. Sharing research and clinical expertise, as well as infrastructures between academic and clinical institutions is the key to enduring successful patient‐centered nursing research in clinical settings. Concrete actions are proposed to build clinical nursing research.