bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Institutionalization and Depoliticization of the Right to the City: Changing Scenarios for Radical Social Movements
Authors: Belda‐Miquel Sergio , Peris Blanes Jordi , Frediani Alexandre 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe right to the city, a concept previously associated with radical social movements, has been accepted by several governments and has inspired new public policies. However, some authors see this process of institutionalization as involving a loss of a significant part of the radical origins of the concept. This article approaches this process and the new opportunities and limitations it may entail for social movement organizations with a more radical perspective on the right to the city. We explore the paradigmatic case of Brazil and the action of a particular organization, the Movimento dos Sem Teto da Bahia (MSTB, or Homeless Movement of Bahia) in the city of Salvador. We draw on the discussion of the politics of the right to the city and on an original combination of social movement theories and critical discourse analysis in order to analyse political‐institutional and discursive changes in urban reform in Brazil and Salvador. We then analyse how the MSTB moves within this new context, navigating its tensions and contradictions while advancing a radical project of transformation of urban reality within a reformist context. We also reflect on the relevance of Lefebvrian ideas for understanding and inspiring contemporary struggles for the right to the city.
Effects of Microwave and Ultrasound Assisted Extraction on the Recovery of Soy Proteins for Soy Allergen Detection
Authors: Amponsah Amma , Nayak Balunkeswar 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe extraction of soy proteins for soy allergen detections is conventionally achieved with PBS buffer for at least 2 h at room temperature or 4 °C. This method has been reported to be inefficient due to time consumption and inadequate protein extraction resulting in false negative allergen detection and mislabeling of foods containing allergenic proteins. This study investigated the application of microwave (MAE) and ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) techniques to extract and improve recovery of allergens from various soy matrices. Soy proteins were extracted from raw soy flour, soy protein isolate (SPI) and soy milk using MAE at 60, 70, and 100 °C for 5 and 10 min and UAE at 4 and 23 °C for extraction times of 1, 5, and 10 min with PBS, Laemmli and urea buffers. Extracts were analyzed for total proteins, protein profile, and antibody‐based detection (ELISA) of soy proteins. Conventional extraction with each of the buffers was used as controls. Overall, proteins recovered from MAE and UAE samples were higher than recoveries from the controls in all soy matrices. Under all extraction conditions, Laemmli and urea buffer recovered more proteins than PBS. Electrophoresis analysis of protein showed bands around 75, 50, and 33 kDa indicating the presence of soy allergenic proteins β‐conglycinin and glycinin, in all samples. Using sandwich ELISA, control and UAE extracts resulted in high soy protein detection but this reduced in MAE extracts.
skelesim: an extensible, general framework for population genetic simulation in R
Authors: Parobek Christian M. , Archer Frederick I. , DePrenger‐Levin Michelle E. , Hoban Sean M. , Liggins Libby , Strand Allan E. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSimulations are a key tool in molecular ecology for inference and forecasting, as well as for evaluating new methods. Due to growing computational power and a diversity of software with different capabilities, simulations are becoming increasingly powerful and useful. However, the widespread use of simulations by geneticists and ecologists is hindered by difficulties in understanding these softwares' complex capabilities, composing code and input files, a daunting bioinformatics barrier and a steep conceptual learning curve. skelesim (an R package) guides users in choosing appropriate simulations, setting parameters, calculating genetic summary statistics and organizing data output, in a reproducible pipeline within the R environment. skelesim is designed to be an extensible framework that can ‘wrap’ around any simulation software (inside or outside the R environment) and be extended to calculate and graph any genetic summary statistics. Currently, skelesim implements coalescent and forward‐time models available in the fastsimcoal2 and rmetasim simulation engines to produce null distributions for multiple population genetic statistics and marker types, under a variety of demographic conditions. skelesim is intended to make simulations easier while still allowing full model complexity to ensure that simulations play a fundamental role in molecular ecology investigations. skelesim can also serve as a teaching tool: demonstrating the outcomes of stochastic population genetic processes; teaching general concepts of simulations; and providing an introduction to the R environment with a user‐friendly graphical user interface (using shiny).
Faster estimation of Bayesian models in ecology using Hamiltonian Monte Carlo
Authors: Monnahan Cole C. , Thorson James T. , Branch Trevor A. 
Published: October 2016

Summary

Bayesian inference is a powerful tool to better understand ecological processes across varied subfields in ecology, and is often implemented in generic and flexible software packages such as the widely used BUGS family (BUGS, WinBUGS, OpenBUGS and JAGS). However, some models have prohibitively long run times when implemented in BUGS. A relatively new software platform called Stan uses Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC), a family of Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms which promise improved efficiency and faster inference relative to those used by BUGS. Stan is gaining traction in many fields as an alternative to BUGS, but adoption has been slow in ecology, likely due in part to the complex nature of HMC.

Here, we provide an intuitive illustration of the principles of HMC on a set of simple models. We then compared the relative efficiency of BUGS and Stan using population ecology models that vary in size and complexity. For hierarchical models, we also investigated the effect of an alternative parameterization of random effects, known as non‐centering.

For small, simple models there is little practical difference between the two platforms, but Stan outperforms BUGS as model size and complexity grows. Stan also performs well for hierarchical models, but is more sensitive to model parameterization than BUGS. Stan may also be more robust to biased inference caused by pathologies, because it produces diagnostic warnings where BUGS provides none. Disadvantages of Stan include an inability to use discrete parameters, more complex diagnostics and a greater requirement for hands‐on tuning.

Given these results, Stan is a valuable tool for many ecologists utilizing Bayesian inference, particularly for problems where BUGS is prohibitively slow. As such, Stan can extend the boundaries of feasible models for applied problems, leading to better understanding of ecological processes. Fields that would likely benefit include estimation of individual and population growth rates, meta‐analyses and cross‐system comparisons and spatiotemporal models.
Lidocaine Pretreatment Reduces the Discomfort of Intranasal Midazolam Administration: A Randomized, Double‐blind, Placebo‐controlled Trial
Authors: Smith David , Cheek Hugh , Denson Brenda , Pruitt Christopher M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectiveIntranasal (IN) midazolam is a commonly prescribed medication for pediatric sedation and anxiolysis. One of its most frequently encountered adverse effects is discomfort with administration. While it has been proposed that premedicating with lidocaine reduces this undesirable consequence, this combination has not been thoroughly researched. The objective of our study was to assess whether topical lidocaine lessens the discomfort associated with IN midazolam administration.MethodsThis was a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial performed in an urban, academic pediatric emergency department. Children 6–12 years of age who were receiving IN midazolam for procedural sedation received either 4% lidocaine or 0.9% saline (placebo) via mucosal atomizer. Subjects were subsequently given IN midazolam in a similar fashion and then rated their discomfort using the Wong‐Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale (WBS). The primary endpoint of WBS score was analyzed with a two‐tailed Mann‐Whitney U‐test, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant.ResultsSeventy‐seven patients were enrolled over a consecutive 8‐month period. One child was excluded from analysis due to a discrepancy in recording the drug identification number. Study groups were similar in regard to demographic information and indication for sedation. Subjects who received IN lidocaine reported less discomfort with IN midazolam administration (median WBS = 3, interquartile range [IQR] = 0–6) than those who received placebo (median WBS = 8, IQR = 2–9; p = 0.006).ConclusionsPremedication with topical lidocaine reduces the discomfort associated with administration of IN midazolam (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02396537).
Evidence for GABA‐A receptor dysregulation in gambling disorder: correlation with impulsivity
Authors: Mick Inge , Ramos Anna C. , Myers Jim , Stokes Paul R. , Chandrasekera Samantha , Erritzoe David , Mendez Maria A. , Gunn Roger N. , Rabiner Eugenii A. , Searle Graham E. , Galduróz José C. F. , Waldman Adam D. , Bowden‐Jones Henrietta , Clark Luke , Nutt David J. , Lingford‐Hughes Anne R. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAs a behavioural addiction, gambling disorder (GD) provides an opportunity to characterize addictive processes without the potentially confounding effects of chronic excessive drug and alcohol exposure. Impulsivity is an established precursor to such addictive behaviours, and GD is associated with greater impulsivity. There is also evidence of GABAergic dysregulation in substance addiction and in impulsivity. This study therefore investigated GABAA receptor availability in 15 individuals with GD and 19 healthy volunteers (HV) using [11C]Ro15‐4513, a relatively selective α5 benzodiazepine receptor PET tracer and its relationship with impulsivity. We found significantly higher [11C]Ro15‐4513 total distribution volume (VT) in the right hippocampus in the GD group compared with HV. We found higher levels of the ‘Negative Urgency’ construct of impulsivity in GD, and these were positively associated with higher [11C]Ro15‐4513 VT in the amygdala in the GD group; no such significant correlations were evident in the HV group. These results contrast with reduced binding of GABAergic PET ligands described previously in alcohol and opiate addiction and add to growing evidence for distinctions in the neuropharmacology between substance and behavioural addictions. These results provide the first characterization of GABAA receptors in GD with [11C]Ro15‐4513 PET and show greater α5 receptor availability and positive correlations with trait impulsivity. This GABAergic dysregulation is potential target for treatment.
Progressive white matter impairment as a predictor of outcome in a cohort of opioid‐dependent patient's post‐detoxification
Authors: Ivers Jo‐Hanna , Fitzgerald Jacqueline , Whelan Christopher , Sweeney Brion , Keenan Eamon , Fagan Andrew , McMarrow Jason , Meany Jim , Barry Joe , Frodl Thomas 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWhite matter impairment is associated with opioid dependence. However, the specific neuropathology related to opioid dependence is still not fully understood. The main aims of this study were to: (1) assess the association between white matter impairment and duration of dependence; (2) examine whether this impairment correlates with treatment outcome measures in opioid‐dependent patients post‐detoxification. Fifty‐eight opioid‐dependent patients participated, 20 females and 38 males, across three groups: less than 10 years use (n = 18), 10–15 years use (n = 26) and 16–25+ years use (n = 14). Diffusion tensor imaging was used to assess white matter impairment; whole brain voxel‐wise analysis of fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD) were performed by Tract‐Based‐Spatial‐Statistics to pinpoint abnormalities in white matter. The longer the subjects were dependent on opioids, the more widespread and severely the white‐matter integrity was disrupted. A general linear model was used to examine patients who relapsed compared to those who were abstinent at follow‐up. No statistical difference was found between groups (p > 0.05). Partial correlations were performed to investigate the relationship between clinical outcome measures (physical health, psychological well being and quality of life and hope for the future) and white‐matter microstructural differences. Significant correlations were found between AD in the posterior corona radiata (L) and MD in the superior longitudinal fasciculus and a clinical measure for HOPE at 9‐month follow‐up. Nevertheless, it must be noted that the calculation of numerous correlations raises the possibility of a type I error, namely; to incorrectly conclude the occurrence of a significant correlation. The ability to investigate the structure–clinical relationship may improve our understanding of the pathological abnormalities associated with opioid dependence and has promise for use in evaluating future therapeutic outcomes in this population.
HSFY and ZNF280BY show copy number variations within 17 water buffalo populations
Authors: Zhang X. , Han H. , Zhang T. , Sun T. , Xi Y. , Chen N. , Huang Y. , Dang R. , Lan X. , Chen H. , Lei C. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryRecent transcriptomic analysis of the bovine Y chromosome revealed abundant presence of multi‐copy protein coding gene families on the male‐specific region of the Y chromosome (MSY). Copy number variations (CNVs) of several MSY genes are closely related to semen quality and male reproduction in cattle. However, the CNVs of MSY genes in water buffalo are largely unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the CNVs of HSFY and ZNF280BY of 298 buffaloes from 17 populations distributed in China, Vietnam and Laos using quantitative PCR. Our results revealed that the median copy numbers of the HSFY and ZNF280BY genes were 47 (ranging from 20 to 145) and 269 (ranging from 73 to 974) respectively. In conclusion, this study indicated that HSFY and ZNF280BY showed abundant CNVs within swamp buffalo populations.
Anti‐inflammatory therapies in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Heratizadeh A. , Werfel T. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) is multifactorial and complex. Consequently, clinical signs and symptoms vary strongly depending on individually relevant trigger factors and the stage of the disease. So far, treatment of AD was commonly limited to topical treatment or, in more severe cases, to systemic drugs mostly approved for other indications than AD. However, emerging data on new anti‐inflammatory agents have been published in the recent years. As these new substances specifically focus on immune responses in AD, these are partially considered as possible ‘breakthrough’ in the treatment of AD. Therapeutic strategies of the future appear to be ‘customized’ for inflammation in AD as they target pro‐inflammatory, highly relevant cytokines and cytokine receptors, such as IL‐4Rα, IL‐13, IL‐31, and IL‐17. Further innovative therapeutic approaches aim to block the function of relevant molecules such as thymic stromal lymphopoietin, chemoattractant‐receptor homologous molecule expressed on Th2 lymphocytes (CRTh2), and phosphodiesterase (PDE)‐4 inhibitors. Recently, anti‐inflammatory effects in AD by antagonizing the histamine (H)‐4 receptor have also been detected. Finally, specific immunotherapy is under further investigation as treatment option for AD patients with clinically relevant sensitization.
Latent class analysis shows that paediatricians' opinions about the advanced resuscitation of extremely preterm infants were diverse and influenced by personal beliefs
Authors: Ambrósio Cristiane Ribeiro , Sanudo Adriana , de Almeida Maria Fernanda Branco , Guinsburg Ruth 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to survey paediatricians, who taught neonatal resuscitation in Brazil, about when they would apply advanced resuscitation in the delivery room for newborn infants born at 23–26 weeks of gestational age.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study focused on an electronic questionnaire that was sent to paediatricians who acted as instructors for the Brazilian Neonatal Resuscitation Program from December 2011 to September 2013. The primary outcome was the gestational age at which the respondent would apply advanced resuscitation in the delivery room. Latent class analysis identified the profiles of the instructors, and logistic regression identified the variables associated with belonging to one of the derived classes.ResultsThe 560 (82%) instructors who agreed to participate fell into three latent classes: pro‐resuscitation, intermediate and pro‐limitation, with high, intermediate and low probabilities of performing advanced resuscitation in neonates born at 23–26 weeks. In the multivariate model, group membership was associated with the paediatrician's age, years of practice and personal importance of religion and the patient's birthweight, future quality of life and probability of death.ConclusionThe opinions of paediatricians performing advanced resuscitation on extremely preterm infants in the delivery room were diverse and influenced by personal beliefs.
Striated muscle activator of Rho signalling (STARS) is reduced in ageing human skeletal muscle and targeted by miR‐628‐5p
Authors: Russell A. P. , Wallace M. A. , Kalanon M. , Zacharewicz E. , Della Gatta P. A. , Garnham A. , Lamon S. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimThe striated muscle activator of Rho signalling (STARS) is a muscle‐specific actin‐binding protein. The STARS signalling pathway is activated by resistance exercise and is anticipated to play a role in signal mechanotransduction. Animal studies have reported a negative regulation of STARS signalling with age, but such regulation has not been investigated in humans.MethodsTen young (18–30 years) and 10 older (60–75 years) subjects completed an acute bout of resistance exercise. Gene and protein expression of members of the STARS signalling pathway and miRNA expression of a subset of miRNAs, predicted or known to target members of STARS signalling pathway, were measured in muscle biopsies collected pre‐exercise and 2 h post‐exercise.ResultsFor the first time, we report a significant downregulation of the STARS protein in older subjects. However, there was no effect of age on the magnitude of STARS activation in response to an acute bout of exercise. Finally, we established that miR‐628‐5p, a miRNA regulated by age and exercise, binds to the STARS 3’UTR to directly downregulate its transcription.ConclusionThis study describes for the first time the resistance exercise‐induced regulation of STARS signalling in skeletal muscle from older humans and identifies a new miRNA involved in the transcriptional control of STARS.
Measuring Children's Experience of Their Right to Participate in School and Community: A Rights‐Based Approach
Authors: Emerson Lesley , Lloyd Katrina 
Published: October 2016

This paper discusses the development of a children's rights‐based measure of participation and the findings from its use in a survey of 10‐ to 11‐year‐old children (n = 3773). The measure, which was developed in collaboration with a group of children, had a high reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.89). Findings suggest that children's positive experience of their participation rights is higher in school than in community, and higher for girls compared to boys. It is argued that involving children in the ‘measurement’ of their own lives has the potential to generate more authentic data on children's lived experiences.
Best practices in teaching echocardiography to cardiology fellows: a review of the evidence
Authors: Ruden Emily A. , Way David P. , Nagel Rollin W. , Cheek Fern , Auseon Alex J. 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundBest practices in the teaching of performance and interpretation of echocardiography to cardiology fellows are unknown, and thus, it has traditionally been performed through an apprenticeship model. This review summarizes the existing literature describing evidence‐based teaching of echocardiography.MethodsA comprehensive search of multiple scientific and educational databases included prospective studies describing an educational intervention for teaching echocardiography to physicians. A total of 288 articles were retrieved, and 10 articles were included in our review. The Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI), a validated rubric designed to measure the methodological quality of educational research, was used to assign a comprehensive score to each paper.ResultsThe articles were categorized by educational themes as follows: focused curriculum‐based training, simulation, and assessment of competency. Individual study MERSQI scores varied from 8 to 13 (mean 10.55) on a scale of 18 points. The distribution of each group's median score (focused curriculum‐based training 11.64; simulation 12.92; assessment of competency 9.39) was analyzed using boxplots with a 95% confidence interval. The median MERSQI score for the assessment of competency group was significantly lower than the others.ConclusionsA review of the data exploring best practices in teaching echocardiography shows only limited effects describing the curricular and assessment components of an overall educational system, rather than one‐on‐one clinical teaching. Future papers should explore application of point‐of‐care teaching and the impact of interventions on patient outcomes.
Interpreting measurements of cardiac function using vendor‐independent speckle tracking echocardiography in children: a prospective, blinded comparison with catheter‐derived measurements
Authors: Goudar Suma P. , Baker G. Hamilton , Chowdhury Shahryar M. , Reid Kimberly J. , Shirali Girish , Scheurer Mark A. 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundAdult studies demonstrate that echocardiographic measurements of cardiac function using speckle tracking correlate with invasive measurements, but such data in the pediatric population are sparse. Our aim was to compare speckle‐derived measures of cardiac function to measurements routinely obtained by cardiac catheterization in children.MethodsEchocardiograms were performed on the day of cardiac catheterization. Using Tomtec 2D Cardiac Performance Analysis, longitudinal strain (LS), longitudinal strain rate (LSR), early diastolic LSR, and ejection fraction (EF) for the right and left ventricle (RV and LV) were calculated via speckle tracking. Global LS and LSR were calculated for the LV. These results were compared to cardiac index, maximum ventricular dp/dt (max dp/dt), ventricular end‐diastolic pressure (EDP), and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) obtained by fluid‐filled catheters. A blinded observer performed all echo measurements.ResultsFifty studies were performed on 28 patients ages 4 months to 20 years old. Their diagnoses included cardiac transplant (48 studies), repaired AV septal defect (1), and dilated cardiomyopathy (1). RVEDP ranged from 2 to 22 mm Hg (median=6) and PCWP ranged from 6 to 32 mmHg (median 10). LV global LS and LV 2‐chamber LSR by speckle‐tracking negatively correlated with LV max dp/dt (LV global LS R=−.83, P=.001; LV 2‐chamber LSR R=−.69, P=.009). RV LS weakly correlated with max dp/dt (R=.363, P=.002). Early diastolic strain rate did not correlate with EDP in either ventricle.ConclusionSpeckle‐derived measurements of function in the LV have stronger correlation than the RV to catheter‐derived measures. LV global LS has the strongest correlation with invasive function measures in children.