bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a predictive scoring system for hypoglycaemic agents for optimal control of blood glucose during glucocorticoid therapy
Authors: Kato Ayaka , Fuwa Masayuki , Asano Motochika , Mori Ichiro , Iida Saori , Okada Hideyuki , Uno Yoshihiro , Fujioka Kei , Morita Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundGlucocorticoid (GC) treatments are often used. There is limited information on the prediction of hyperglycaemia after GC administration.AimsThis study aimed to identify the risk factors for hyperglycaemia after glucocorticoid (GC) administration and the need for hypoglycaemic agents to correct it and to develop and validate a novel scoring system for predicting GC‐induced hyperglycaemia.MethodsIn a development set, 508 adults receiving prednisolone (PSL) for the first time were divided into two groups based on treatment with or without hypoglycaemic agents. Clinical and laboratory parameters were compared, and risk factors were identified using logistic regression analysis after performing univariate analyses between the two groups. A point‐addition scoring system with several categories and coefficients for each risk factor was constructed to predict the need for hypoglycaemic agents. The scoring system was then applied and validated on two validation sets: A and B.ResultsOlder age, higher glycated haemoglobin percentage, body mass index and initial PSL dosage were identified as risk factors. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the scoring system were 70.6%, 81.9% and 77.1% in the development set; 75.8%, 78.4% and 77.4% in validation set A; and 79.4%, 73.9% and 75.3% in validation set B respectively. By fitting the total score in the development set and the probability of hyperglycaemia to a logistic curve, a figure was created to show the probability of GC‐induced hyperglycaemia in patients scheduled to receive GC.ConclusionThis scoring system is a novel, valid and reliable tool for predicting GC‐induced hyperglycaemia and the need for hypoglycaemic agents to correct it.
Ant‐Pollination: Conditional Outcomes Depending on Environmental Features and Species Interactions
Authors: Torezan‐Silingardi Helena Maura , Del‐Claro Kleber 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe intricate web of interactions in nature has led to unexpected partnerships between plants and animals, greatly influencing ecosystem dynamics. In this discussion, we'll explore the Pollination Syndrome Hypothesis and consider a scenario where a partnership with unexpected pollinators emerges. We suggest that ant pollination has been largely overlooked, but ants can surprisingly play a crucial role and have a history of success in pollinating dry system plants. We will present both negative and positive aspects that must be observed in ant‐pollination syndrome. Additionally, we aim to explore the often‐underestimated phenomenon of ant pollination and the overlooked tiny, discreet, unnoticed flowers found in our fields and forests, especially in dry ecosystems, savannas and mountain fields, which may hold numerous undiscovered secrets about these interactions. We encourage young biologists to engage in natural history observations and to perform manipulative experiments directly in the field to understand the true nature of these successful ant‐pollinations.
Findings from the ‘Ask Me About PrEP’ HIV Pre‐Exposure Prophylaxis Awareness Programme in England
Authors: Edwards Jonny , Paparini Sara , Nutland Will , Thompson Marc , Samba Phil 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRationaleHIV incidence has decreased in England by over a third since 2019. Despite the early success of HIV Pre‐Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) in reducing HIV transmission in the United Kingdom, many people who could benefit from HIV PrEP do not yet know about it, or know how to access it.Aims and ObjectivesThis paper presents the findings of the first England‐wide national peer‐to‐peer based diffusion model to disseminate information about PrEP. Ask Me About PrEP (AMAP) was a 5‐month pilot programme which commenced in November 2021. Volunteer mobilisers were encouraged to use their existing knowledge of their communities and geographical areas to assist them in discussing PrEP with their peers.Method12 enrolled mobilisers took part in three project evaluation focus groups between November 2021 and March 2022, and five AMAP project staff took part in one focus group in March 2022. Additionally, descriptive statistical analysis explored volunteer mobiliser recruitment to the AMAP project, demographical data of project staff and volunteer mobilisers, volunteer mobiliser attrition rates, and the project's impact.Results96 volunteers enrolled, completed training and volunteered as mobilisers. Thoroughout the project, mobilisers engaged their peers in 11,889 conversations about PrEP through individual conversations, online group conversations, online workplace educational events, and social media. The focus groups enabled key stakeholders to reflect on their experiences of the pilot programme. Four key themes were identified during the focus groups: motivations to mobilise and recruitment experiences; training, learning, and materials; mobilisation activity; and support and social networking.ConclusionOur evaluation demonstrates that peer‐to‐peer diffusion models used to increase awareness of HIV PrEP in key unreached groups, offer an acceptable public health intervention model for volunteers and project staff.
Examination of the relationship between nurses’ adherence to medication administration principles and their attitudes toward patient safety
Authors: Yilmaz Coşkun Ela , Özsaban Aysel , Üzen Cura Şengül 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundPreventing errors associated with medication administration is achievable through nurses’ adherence to correct principles.ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the relationship between nurses’ adherence to medication administration principles and their attitudes toward patient safety.MethodThis study adopts a descriptive and relationship‐seeking research design. A total of 310 nurses who met the inclusion criteria participated in the study. Data collection tools included the “Nurse Information Form,” “Medication Administration Principles Adherence Form,” and “Patient Safety Attitude Scale”.ResultsAmong the participating nurses, 32.9% (n = 102) reported experiencing a medication administration error, and 77.7% (n = 241) witnessed such an error. The study revealed a statistically significant positive relationship between nurses’ adherence to medication administration principles and their attitudes toward patient safety (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThis study underscores the importance of nurses’ adherence to medication administration principles in ensuring patient safety.
Immune Response of Silver Pomfret (Pampus argenteus) CC Chemokine Ligand Gene Family to Photobacterium damselae Subsp. Damselae and Nocardia seriolae Infections
Authors: Yan Kaiheng , Zhang Youyi , Li Yuanbo , Tang Mengke , Xu Yifan , Yan Xiaojun , Hu Jiabao , Wang Yajun 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTChemokines play a crucial role in immune responses by facilitating the migration of cells expressing corresponding chemokine receptors along concentration gradients. Photobacterium damselae subsp. Damselae (PDD) and Nocardia seriolae (NS) are known to induce substantial mortality in silver pomfret populations, yet there exists a dearth of research regarding the immune response of CCLs in PDD‐ or NS‐infected silver pomfret. In our investigation, we identified 10 PaCCLs, which include one fish‐specific CCL (PaCCL44). Phylogenetic analysis revealed considerable diversity in CCL types and copy numbers among various teleost fishes. Notably, silver pomfret lacks specific CCL genes, with most PaCCLs exhibiting heightened expression levels in immune‐related organs such as the spleen and kidney, and some being expressed in mucosal immune‐related organs like the skin and gills. Transcriptome analysis conducted on silver pomfret infected with NS and PDD elucidated that the expression changes of PaCCLs primarily manifested in the spleen during the initial stages of NS infection, shifting to the kidney in later stages. Conversely, the expression changes of PaCCLs following PDD infection predominantly occurred in the kidney. In vitro studies using silver pomfret spleen cell lines demonstrated an early peak in PaCCLs expression during infection, followed by gradual decline with NS treatment and rapid diminishment with PDD treatment. These findings suggest that PaCCLs primarily support the innate immunity of silver pomfret, potentially exhibiting chemotactic effects in the early infection stages, such as the synergistic action of PaCCL4 and PaCCL25, and later serving as direct antibacterial agents. NS invasion is characterised by a chronic infection affecting multiple organs, whereas PDD primarily inflicts severe damage to the kidney. PaCCL19a and PaCCL19b are specific to PDD, and their expression levels may decrease in the later stages of infection due to PDD immune escape. These data offer initial insights into understanding the mechanism underlying the innate immune response of the CCL gene family in silver pomfret and provide theoretical underpinnings for fish culture practices.
Factors Influencing the Prevalence of Hyperpigmented Melanistic Lesions in Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu in the Susquehanna River Basin, Pennsylvania
Authors: Schall Megan K. , Smith Geoffrey D. , Blazer Vicki S. , Walsh Heather L. , Wagner Tyler 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTHyperpigmented melanistic lesions (HPMLs) are a visual anomaly documented on the skin of smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu in the Susquehanna River Basin, Pennsylvania and in numerous other geographical locations. Currently, there is a lack of information on environmental and fish characteristics that may influence the prevalence of HPMLs associated with a recently described Adomavirus. The goal of this study was to understand potential drivers associated with HPMLs in socioeconomically and ecologically important riverine smallmouth bass populations. A total of 16,220 smallmouth bass were collected and examined for HPMLs between 2012 and 2022 in the Susquehanna River Basin. Overall, HPMLs were documented on 2.9% of fish collected. The interaction between temperature and fish size suggested differing relationships between shorter and longer fish with respect to temperature. Predicted probability of HPML prevalence ranged from 1.1% (95% CI = 0.3, 3.2) at 4°C to 0.01% (CI = 0.00, 0.04) at 26°C for an age‐0 (125 mm) fish. In contrast, predicted probability of HPML prevalence ranged from 10.5% (95% CI = 5.8, 18.9) at 4°C to 0.8% (CI = 0.4, 1.5) at 26°C for an adult (322 mm) fish. Overall, HPMLs were more common in longer fish during cooler temperature periods which also corresponds to key life history periods for smallmouth bass (e.g., pre‐spawn and overwintering) and could represent different exposure histories for juvenile and adult fish.
Detection of walnut internal quality via improved YOLOv5 and x‐ray imaging
Authors: Lei Jiale , Zheng Weiqiang , Zhang Liping , Lv Wentao , Li Yihao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study proposes a walnut target detection algorithm based on improved YOLOv5 and x‐ray imaging to meet the demand for internal quality detection and removal in the Xinjiang walnut industry. By replacing the C3 module in the backbone layer with the C2f module and the couple‐head in the head layer with the decouple‐head, the algorithm reduces computational complexity, enhances robustness and generalizability, and retains more spatial information, thereby improving the performance of multicategory small target detection. In addition, this paper replaces the original CIOU loss function with the EIOU loss function to improve the convergence speed of the algorithm's accuracy and boundary aspect ratio. Compared with the original model, the improved model, improved YOLOv5, maintains the same average precision for normal walnuts while increasing the average precision for shriveled walnuts and empty‐shell walnuts by 8.2% and 0.4%, respectively. Compared with other mainstream models, such as VGG16, ResNet50, YOLOv5s, YOLOv7, YOLOv8s, YOLOv9s, and YOLOv10s, this model achieves the highest detection accuracy and good detection performance, with a single‐image detection time of 11.9 ms, meeting the requirements for real‐time detection. This work lays a foundation for automatic robot detection of the internal quality and removal of walnuts, showing practical application potential.Practical applicationsXinjiang stands as a prominent producer of walnuts; however, due to the decentralized nature of its cultivation and management processes, a notable prevalence of internal empty shells and shrinkage is observed, which substantially diminishes their commercial value. The integration of YOLOv5 with x‐ray imaging technology promises to enhance the precision of internal quality assessments of walnuts. The improved YOLOv5 model, as delineated in this study, exhibits the highest detection accuracy when benchmarked against a multitude of other models. It achieves a detection latency of merely 11.9 ms per image, thereby satisfying the stringent demands for real‐time detection applications. This model is designed for integration into x‐ray systems with an adjunctive sorting mechanism, which facilitates the inspection and exclusion of defective walnuts on conveyor belts.
Glucose‐lowering medication associated with weight loss may limit the progression of diabetic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Ponirakis Georgios , Al‐Janahi Ibrahim , Elgassim Einas , Hussein Rawan , Petropoulos Ioannis N. , Gad Hoda , Khan Adnan , Zaghloul Hadeel B. , Siddique Mashhood A. , Ali Hamda , Mohamed Fatima F. S. , Ahmed Lina H. M. , Dakroury Youssra , El Shewehy Abeer M. M. , Saeid Ruba , Mahjoub Fadwa , Al‐Thani Shaikha N. , Ahmed Farheen , Homssi Moayad , Mahmoud Salah , Hadid Nebras H. , Obaidan Aisha Al , Salivon Iuliia , Mahfoud Ziyad R. , Zirie Mahmoud A. , Al‐Ansari Yousuf , Atkin Stephen L. , Malik Rayaz A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimObesity is a major risk factor for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study investigated the effect of glucose lowering medication associated with weight change on DPN.MethodsParticipants with T2D were grouped based on whether their glucose lowering medications were associated with weight gain (WG) or weight loss (WL). They underwent clinical, metabolic testing and assessment of neuropathic symptoms, vibration perception threshold (VPT), sudomotor function and corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) at baseline and follow‐up between 4 and 7 years.ResultsOf 76 participants, 69.7% were on glucose lowering medication associated with WG, and 30.3% were on glucose lowering medication associated with WL. At baseline, participants in the WG group had a significantly longer duration of diabetes (p < .01), higher douleur neuropathique en 4 (DN4) score (p < .0001) and VPT (p = .01) compared with those in the WL group. Over a 56‐month period, participants in the WG group showed no significant change in body weight (p = .11), HbA1c (p = .18), triglycerides (p = .42), DN4 (p = .11), VPT (p = .15) or Sudoscan (p = .43), but showed a decline in corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD), corneal nerve branch density (CNBD) and corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL) (p < .0001). Participants in the WL group showed a reduction in weight (p = .01) and triglycerides (p < .05), no change in DN4 (p = .30), VPT (p = .31) or Sudoscan (p = .17) and a decline in the corneal nerve branch density (p < .01).ConclusionsParticipants treated with glucose lowering medication associated with weight gain had worse neuropathy and greater loss of corneal nerves during follow‐up, compared to patients treated with medication associated with weight loss.
Making green cocoa: Deforestation, the legacy of war, and agrarian capitalism in Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Grajales Jacobo , Toukpo Oscar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article examines the legacy of war on environmental policy, contributing to recent literature on the linkages between armed violence, conservation, rural livelihoods and global value chains. It argues that environmental norms reshape agricultural practices, but also the means by which people claim control over land and labour. Using the case of cocoa in Côte d'Ivoire, this paper examines the impact of ‘zero‐deforestation’ policies on the country's last agricultural frontier: its western forestlands, where migration and deforestation have driven the development of the cocoa economy for years. The region is now feeling the effects of global trade policies such as the European Deforestation‐Free Regulation (EUDR), competition for the last remaining forests and social fault lines inherited from the war. This article traces the origins of the zero‐deforestation policy, its national and local impact and its implications for social struggles over the control of land and labour.
Closer to the people? Determinants of citizen–MP contact in Africa
Authors: Demarest Leila , Veenendaal Wouter 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the determinants of contact between citizens and Members of Parliament (MPs) in Africa by combining theories of contact developed in advanced Western democracies with theories of clientelism developed in the Global South. Based on Afrobarometer data matched with constituency‐level electoral data, we provide a first analysis of the determinants of citizen–MP contact in 32 African countries, encompassing a broad range of regime types. We find that smaller districts and single‐member districts strengthen contact across regime types, while electoral competitiveness is only positively associated with contact in more democratic settings. In line with clientelist theories of public resource access, district links to national ruling coalitions are positively associated with contact, but we find little evidence of partisan bias. Overall, we find that contact theories travel remarkably well across regions and regime types, and we caution against interpreting clientelistic contacts as harmful for democracy.
Movement Awareness Therapies in Eating Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Bravo Cristina , Hernández‐García Didier , Trinidad‐Fernández Manuel , Badia Gina , Solé Silvia , Serrano José 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTGiven the rising prevalence and complexity of eating disorders, a comprehensive multidisciplinary holistic approach is necessary. This work aimed to assess the effectiveness of body and movement awareness therapies in patients with eating disorders. Search strategy was undertaken using several scientific health databases. Articles were eligible if they were randomized controlled trials analyzing the effects of movement and body awareness therapies in eating disorders. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) statement for systematic reviews was followed and the risk of bias was assessed using the “Cochrane Collaboration Tool to assess the risk of bias.” 11 articles met the inclusion criteria, including 437 patients. No high‐quality randomized controlled trials were found. Forest plot analysis of the Eating Disorder Examination scale showed a difference favors to body awareness therapies but not significantly neither homogeneous. The interventions analyzed included yoga, body awareness therapy, dance, and psychomotor therapy. Body awareness therapies provide some additional benefits for eating disorder symptoms, such as emotion regulation, self‐criticism, self‐confidence, self‐compassion, anxiety, body attitude, eating disorder symptoms, and quality of life.
Herbarium specimens reveal a cryptic invasion of polyploid Centaurea stoebe in Europe
Authors: Rosche Christoph , Broennimann Olivier , Novikov Andriy , Mrázová Viera , Boiko Ganna V. , Danihelka Jiří , Gastner Michael T. , Guisan Antoine , Kožić Kevin , Lehnert Marcus , Müller‐Schärer Heinz , Nagy Dávid U. , Remelgado Ruben , Ronikier Michał , Selke Julian A. , Shiyan Natalia M. , Suchan Tomasz , Thoma Arpad E. , Zdvořák Pavel , Mráz Patrik 
Published: October 2024

Summary
Numerous plant species are expanding their native ranges due to anthropogenic environmental change. Because cytotypes of polyploid complexes often show similar morphologies, there may be unnoticed range expansions (i.e. cryptic invasions) of one cytotype into regions where only the other cytotype is native.
We critically revised herbarium specimens of diploid and tetraploid Centaurea stoebe, collected across Europe between 1790 and 2023. Based on their distribution in natural and relict habitats and phylogeographic data, we estimated the native ranges of both cytotypes.
Diploids are native across their entire European range, whereas tetraploids are native only to South‐Eastern Europe and have recently expanded their range toward Central Europe. The proportion of tetraploids has exponentially increased over time in their expanded but not in their native range. This cryptic invasion predominantly occurred in ruderal habitats and enlarged the climatic niche of tetraploids toward a more oceanic climate.
We conclude that spatio‐temporally explicit assessments of range shifts, habitat preferences and niche evolution can improve our understanding of cryptic invasions. We also emphasize the value of herbarium specimens for accurate estimation of species´ native ranges, with fundamental implications for the design of research studies and the assessment of biodiversity trends.
Contemporary Concise Review 2023: Interstitial lung disease
Authors: Moodley Yuben 
Published: October 2024

SUMMARY OF KEY POINTSIn this review, we have discussed several important developments in 2023 in Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD). The association of pollution with genetic predispositions increased the risk of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF). An interesting comorbidity of malnutrition was not adequately recognized in ILD. Novel genes have been identified in IPF involving predominantly short telomere length and surfactant protein production leading to alveolar epithelial cell dysfunction. Genetics also predicted progression in IPF. Crosstalk between vascular endothelial cells and fibroblasts in IPF mediated by bone morphogenic protein signalling may be important for remodelling of the lung. A novel modality for monitoring of disease included the 4‐min gait speed. New treatment modalities include inhaled pirfenidone, efzofitimod, for sarcoidosis, and earlier use of immunosuppression in connective tissue disease‐ILD.
Becoming ‘more like a Finn’: In‐visibility and the struggle for belonging in Finland
Authors: Lefort Bruno , Romashov Vadim 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNationalist practices and visionaries have a profound influence on those who are categorized as ‘foreign’ or ‘non‐belonging’ to the nation. Based on ethnographic explorations among Russian‐speakers and people with diverse Middle Eastern backgrounds in Finland, this article revisits the concept of in‐visibility as one possible avenue to expose the everyday struggles for belonging that these populations experience. We explore how dynamics of exclusion and inclusion at work in the wider society engender specific identification patterns that ultimately reproduce and reshuffle hierarchies between people. We argue that in their struggle for belonging, people categorized as ‘foreign’ in the nationalist imagination develop responsive tactics of becoming visible and invisible to cast themselves as full members of the society. However, in doing so, they find themselves tangled into hierarchies and power dynamics of exclusion at the core of strategies of visioning embedded into the social structures of the securitizing racial welfare state.