bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Article Errors in the English Writing of Saudi EFL Preparatory Year Students
Authors: Alhaisoni Eid , Ram Gaudel Daya , M. Al-Zuoud Khalid 
Published: January 2017

This study aims at providing a comprehensive account of the types of errors produced by Saudi EFL students enrolled in the preparatory year programe in their use of articles, based on the Surface Structure Taxonomies (SST) of errors. The study describes the types, frequency and sources of the definite and indefinite article errors in writing compositions. Data were collected from written samples of 150 students. They were given one-and-a-half hours to write on one of four different descriptive topics. Analysis of inter-lingual and intra-lingual sources of article errors revealed that the frequency of eliminating both the indefinite articles and the definite article was higher than the frequency of inserting and substituting one article with the other. The study also shows that errors of using ‘a’ were more common than errors of using ‘an’ and ‘the’ in the writing texts. This result also indicates that L1 interference strongly influences the process of second language acquisition of the articles, having a negative effect on the learning process Pedagogical practices including comparison of article use in learners’ both language systems may improve learners’ ability to use the articles correctly in writing and the other language skills.
Nurettin Şazi Kösemihal'in Sosyoloji Anlayışı / The sociological viewpoint of Nurettin Shazi Kosemihal
Authors: Zavalsız Yusuf Sinan 
Published: January 2017

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>In this article, we studied the sociological viewpoint of Nurettin Shazi Kosemihal who is one of the prominent scholars in the last term of Ottoman Empire and the early period of the Republic of Turkey and he bore witness to that time. At the very beginning, Kosemihal criticized Durkheim, then he mentioned the differences between the European and the American schools of sociologies. We tried to determine that which approach he supported from them. After we compared different methods, we found that he was in favour of the pluralist method. In this context, we also dealt with Gurvitch’s method that Kösemihal’s sociological viewpoint relies on and the sociometry of Moreno that Kosemihal had a pioneering role to introduce it to Turkey.</p><p><strong>Öz</strong></p><p>Bu makalede, imparatorluğun son dönemi ile cumhuriyetin ilk dönemine yakından tanıklık eden, Türk Sosyoloji Tarihi’nin önemli simalarından birisi olan Nurettin Şazi Kösemihal’in sosyoloji anlayışı üzerinde durulmuştur. İşe Durkheim’i eleştirmekle başlayan, daha sonra Avrupa ve Amerikan sosyoloji ekolleri arasındaki farklardan bahseden Kösemihal’in ağırlıklı olarak hangi tarafı tercih ettiği belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Simplist yöntem ile plüralist yöntemin mukayesesinden sonra Kösemihal’in tamamen plüralist yöntem tarafında durduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Bu bağlamda Kösemihal’in, plüralist yönteme dayanan, sosyoloji anlayışını oturttuğu Gurvitch metodu ile Türkiye’ye girmesine önayak olduğu Moreno’nun sosyometrisinden bahsedilmiştir. </p><p> </p><p> </p>
A large-scale perspective for managing prairie avifauna assemblages across the western US: influences of habitat, land ownership and latitude
Authors: Dreitz Victoria J. , Stinson Lani T. , Hahn Beth A. , Tack Jason D. , Lukacs Paul M. 
Published: January 2017

Future demands for increased food production are expected to have severe impacts on prairie biodiversity and ecosystem integrity. Prairie avifauna of North America have experienced drastic population declines, prompting numerous conservation efforts, which have been informed primarily by small-scale studies. We applied a large-scale perspective that integrates scale dependency in avian responses by analyzing observations of 20 prairie bird species (17 grassland obligates and three sagebrush obligate species) from 2009–2012 in the western prairie region of the United States. We employed a multi-species model approach to examine the relationship of land ownership, habitat, and latitude to landscape-scale species richness. Our findings suggest that patterns and processes influencing avian assemblages at the focal-scale (e.g., inference at the sampling unit) may not function at the landscape-scale (e.g., inference amongst sampling units). Individual species responses to land ownership, habitat and latitude were highly variable. The broad spatial extent of our study demonstrates the need to include lands in private ownership to assess biodiversity and the importance of maintaining habitat diversity to support avian assemblages. Lastly, focal-scale information can document species presence within a study area, but landscape-scale information provides an essential complement to inform conservation actions and policies by placing local biodiversity in the context of an entire region, landscape or ecosystem.
Role of Contrast‐Enhanced Sonography in the Evaluation of Axillary Lymph Nodes in Breast Carcinoma: A Monocentric Study
Authors: Agliata Giacomo , Valeri Gianluca , Argalia Giulio , Tarabelli Elisa , Giuseppetti Gian Marco 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesTo evaluate the diagnostic performance of contrast‐enhanced sonography for characterization of the lymph node status (metastatic or not) in patients with breast carcinomas by comparison with sentinel lymph node biopsy.MethodsFrom January to August 2015, 50 female patients with a histologic diagnosis of invasive breast carcinoma were prospectively examined by ipsilateral axillary contrast‐enhanced sonography. The test was performed by a single radiologist using an ultrasound system with a broadband 8–12‐MHz, 38‐mm high‐resolution linear transducer. For the target lymph node, we chose a node with a sonographic pattern that was suspicious for malignancy: ie, a longitudinal‐to‐transverse diameter ratio of less than 2, absence of a central hyperechogenic hilum, or both. In cases with a lack of sonographic signs of malignancy, we evaluated the node with the maximal transverse diameter. Nodes were considered malignant in cases with total absence of contrast enhancement and in those with enhancement alterations. Within 1 week, all patients underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy, followed by a histologic test.ResultsThe histologic test showed benignity in 22 of 50 sentinel lymph nodes, whereas 28 were metastatic. Among the 22 patients with negative biopsy results, contrast‐enhanced sonography showed 18 concordances and 4 false‐positives results; among the 28 with positive biopsy results, contrast‐enhanced sonography obtained 100% correct characterizations of the axillary status. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 100%, 82%, and 92%, respectively.ConclusionsContrast‐enhanced sonography appears to be a method with high accuracy for characterization of axillary lymph nodes, very close to the reference‐standard sentinel lymph node biopsy. This technique seems to have overall high sensitivity.
Social Risks and Health Care Use in Medically Complex Patients
Authors: Tucher Emma L. , Steele Allison L. , Uratsu Connie S. , McCloskey Jodi K. , Grant Richard W. 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceIntegrated health care systems have initiated major investments to identify and address social risks, particularly for patients with multiple medical conditions.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of social risks with health care use among patients with complex multimorbidity.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis longitudinal cohort study assessed Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) patients with (1) moderate medical complexity (defined by high comorbidity score, high risk of hospitalization, and/or prior emergency department [ED] admissions) and (2) high medical complexity (eg, meeting additional criteria, such as ≥7 medications and laboratory evidence of poor disease control).ExposureSocial risks (eg, requiring medical financial assistance and self-reported social barriers to care).Main Outcomes and MeasuresInpatient and outpatient health care use during 12 months of follow-up (January 15, 2023, to January 14, 2024).ResultsThe sample included 97 252 KPNC patients (mean [SD] age, 69.5 [16] years; 52.1% female; 10.6% Asian, 11.1% Black, 18.3% Hispanic, 54.6% White, and 5.5% other race or ethnicity [eg, American Indian or Alaskan Native, Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, multiracial, or unknown race]; and 8.8% insured by Medicaid), including 27 827 with moderate medical complexity (5074 [18.2%] with social risks) and 69 425 with high medical complexity (17 343 [25.0%] with social risks). In fully adjusted models, for moderate medical complexity, social risks were associated with higher odds of inpatient admissions (odds ratio [OR], 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1-1.4), ED visits (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1-1.3), and mental health visits (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1-1.3) vs individuals without social risks. Among individuals with high medical complexity, social risks were associated with higher odds of inpatient admissions (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1-1.2), ED visits (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1-1.2), and 30-day readmissions (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1-1.3) and higher odds of mental health visits (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.2-1.3) vs individuals without social risks.Conclusions and relevanceIn this cohort study of individuals with medical complexity, coexisting social risks were associated with substantial downstream health care use. Efforts to reduce use in individuals with complex medical comorbidity could include concurrent efforts to identify and reduce social risks.
Intergenerational Chain of Violence, Adverse Childhood Experiences, and Elder Abuse Perpetration
Authors: Koga Chie , Tsuji Taishi , Hanazato Masamichi , Nakagomi Atsushi , Tabuchi Takahiro 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceIt is widely known that individuals with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have an increased risk of abusing their own children, thereby perpetuating the cycle of violence. However, the association between ACEs and elder abuse perpetration has not been fully examined.ObjectiveTo examine the association between ACEs and elder abuse and the mediating factors.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used data collected via the self-administered Japan COVID-19 and Society Internet Survey from September 12 to October 19, 2022. Men and women aged 20 to 64 years who responded to related questions were included. Data were analyzed from July 2023 to April 2024.ExposuresACEs, defined as the experience of any of 7 items—interpersonal loss (parental loss and parental divorce), family psychopathology (parental mental disease and violence in family), abuse (physical and psychological abuse), and neglect—before the age of 18 years.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the perpetration of physical and/or psychological abuse against an older person (aged ≥65 years) self-reported via questionnaire. The direct and indirect effect estimates were determined using logistic regression analyses.ResultsOf a total of 13 318 participants (mean [SD] age, 41.1 [12.1] years; 6634 female [49.8%]), 1133 (8.5%) reported perpetrating violence against older adults. Compared with individuals without ACEs, the odds ratios (ORs) for perpetrating violence were 3.22 (95% CI, 2.74-3.79) for those with 1 ACE and 7.65 (95% CI, 6.41-9.13) for those with 2 or more ACEs. In the mediation analysis, factors with large indirect effect estimates included depression (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.11-1.14; proportion mediated [PM], 18.6%), mental illness other than depression (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.10-1.14; PM, 17.3%), and self-rated health (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.03-1.05; PM, 6.0%).Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that intergenerational cycles of violence may extend to any vulnerable group, not only children but also older adults. Further research into the prevention of ACEs and breaking these cycles of violence is warranted.
ENL mutation and AML: a new model that reveals oncogenic condensate's function in leukemogenesis
Authors: Fan Zhong , Jiang Yanan , Zhang Xiaotian 
Published: September 2024

Precise regulation of gene expression is essential for proper development and the maintenance of homeostasis in organisms. Studies have shown that some transcriptional regulatory proteins influence gene expression through the formation of dynamic, locally concentrated assemblies known as condensates, while dysregulation of transcriptional condensates was associated with several cancers, such as Ewing sarcoma and AML [Wang Y et al. (2023) Nat Chem Biol 19, 1223–1234; Chandra B et al. (2022) Cancer Discov 12, 1152–1169]. Mutations in the histone acetylation “reader” eleven‐nineteen‐leukemia (ENL) have been shown to form discrete condensates at endogenous genomic targets, but it remains unclear how ENL mutations drive tumorigenesis and whether it is correlated with their condensate formation property. Liu et al. now show, using a conditional knock‐in mouse model, that ENL YEATS domain mutation is a bona fide oncogenic driver for AML. This mutant ENL forms condensates in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells at the genomic loci of key leukemogenic genes, including Meis1 and Hoxa cluster genes, and disrupting condensate formation via mutagenesis impairs its chromatin and oncogenic function. Furthermore, they show that small‐molecule inhibition of the acetyl‐binding activity displaces ENL mutant condensates from oncogenic target loci, and this inhibitor significantly impairs the onset and progression of AML driven by mutant ENL in vivo.
MoxRe(1−x)S2‐Based Optoelectronic Synapse for Artificial Neural Visual System Application
Authors: Sun Xiaona , Wang Zhengjie , Si Chen , Jiang Chengbao , Yang Shengxue 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOptoelectronic synapses, constructed from 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with atomic‐scale thickness, offer substantial benefits for the development of high‐density integrated artificial neural visual systems (ANVSs). Effective charge capture and retention are essential for realizing synaptic memory function. Although charge trapping is realized by gate‐voltage‐regulated three‐terminal devices or interface‐modulated heterostructures, they involve high energy consumption and complex device structures. Another approach is to introduce material defects by post‐processing methods to trap carriers, but this method inevitably damages the pristine materials and requires intricate fabrication processes. In this study, the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method is employed to directly introduce Re atoms as point defects into MoS2, which act as trap centers for capturing carriers, eliminating the need for complex device structures or post‐processing procedures. The resultant MoxRe(1−x)S2 nanofilms and nanoribbons exhibit excellent optoelectronic synaptic properties and broadband photoresponse characteristics respectively, due to varying doping concentrations. The optoelectronic synapses based on MoxRe(1−x)S2 nanofilms can simulate human color recognition, attributed to their differential response to varying light wavelengths, and possess image preprocessing capabilities for noise reduction and contrast enhancement. The study provides a simple approach for fabricating optoelectronic synapses, thereby facilitating the integration of 2D TMDs into ANVSs.
Stochastic Nature of Large‐Scale Contact Printed ZnO Nanowires Based Transistors
Authors: Liu Fengyuan , Christou Adamos , Chirila Radu , De Pamphilis Luca , Dahiya Ravinder 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPrinting technology holds great potential for resource‐efficient development of electronic devices and circuits. However, even after decades of research, achieving uniformly responding nanowires (NWs) based printed devices is still a challenge. To date, there is no design rule that clearly guides the fabrication of NW ensemble‐based field‐effect transistors (FETs) and the variables that influence device‐level uniformity remain unclear. The lack of fundamental understanding severely limits the large‐scale and very large‐scale integration (LSI and VLSI). Herein this longstanding issue is addressed with a holistic approach that starts with optimization of the synthesis of ZnO NWs, their printing, and further processing to fabricate transistors with uniform responses (e.g., on‐state current, threshold voltage). Monte Carlo simulation based on statistical analysis of printed ZnO NWs is carried out to develop a probabilistic framework that can predict the large‐scale performance of FETs. As a proof of concept, inverter circuits have been developed using printed ZnO NWs based FETs. This work provides a valuable toolkit to handle the stochastic nature of FETs based on printed ZnO NW ensemble, which can be used for neuromorphic integrated circuit in the future.
Interface Switchable Bonding Tailored Ruthenium Sites Unveil Ultralow Overpotentials for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Hou Yuxi , Hong Zhensheng , Lin Yingbin , Huang Yiyin , Wang Yaobing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractControlling the electronic structure based on the valence state is key for effective electrocatalysis, and the challenge lies in attaining the optimal metal valence states. Here, a new approach called valence‐elastic control is introduced to create intermediate‐valence Ru species within a‐RuOx/C catalyst matrices. By utilizing hetero‐interfaces between RuOx and C, pathways for efficient electron transfer and precise valence adjustment are activated through switchable bonding at the interfaces. The catalyst demonstrates exceptional performance in hydrogen evolution reaction with an unprecedentedly low overpotential of 4.1 mV in KOH + seawater electrolytes at 10 mA cm−2. Furthermore, the two‐electrode electrolyzer demonstrates improved stability and voltage efficiency compared to the commercial Pt/C‐based system. The in situ tests combined with theoretical analysis reveal the water dissociation and *H adsorption are optimized by the switchable interface bonding of the tailored Ru species. This study showcases a transformative design framework for next‐generation high‐efficiency metal catalysts with variable valence.
Fucoidan‐Modified Au Nanocups With Tumor Targeting Inhibits CD24‐Mediated Immune Escape and Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition Through Precise Controlled Release of Anti‐CD24 Antibodies
Authors: Xie Yulin , Jiang Tengfei , Li Lei , Wang Man , Chen Shuyu , Zhao Guanghui , Zhang Han , Gao Haidong , Li Chunxia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and inadequate immune response limit the therapy effectiveness of tumor metastasis. Epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), serving as the pivotal initial step in the formation of CTCs, plays a critical role in facilitating tumor metastasis. High expression of CD24 in tumor cells is strongly associated with EMT and immune evasion, but little work has been reported on the inhibitory effect of CD24 blockade on EMT. Here, a nanotherapeutic agent (Au/anti‐CD24@Fu) is fabricated through loading anti‐CD24 antibodies (anti‐CD24) onto Au nanocups, accompanied by surface modification with Fucoidan (Fu). Fu serves as a guide, while Au functions as a controller, jointly facilitating the precise delivery of anti‐CD24 to the tumor site and enabling controlled release. The synergistic collaboration between Fu and anti‐CD24 effectively eliminates the “don't eat me” signal mediated by CD24, thereby augmenting macrophage recognition and phagocytosis. Additionally, it simultaneously obstructs the EMT process facilitated by CD24‐P‐selectin from both ends, consequently impeding the formation of CTCs. Au/anti‐CD24@Fu displays favorable antitumor and anti‐metastasis effect in both 4T1‐bearing mice model and patient‐derived xenografts (PDX) model. This study validates the significance of CD24 blockade in augmenting the antitumor immune response and suppressing the EMT process.
Fatigue‐Resistant Mechanoresponsive Color‐Changing Hydrogels for Vision‐Based Tactile Robots
Authors: Liu Jiabin , Li Wei , She Yu , Blanchard Sean , Lin Shaoting 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMechanoresponsive color‐changing materials that can reversibly and resiliently change color in response to mechanical deformation are highly desirable for diverse modern technologies in optics, sensors, and robots; however, such materials are rarely achieved. Here, a fatigue‐resistant mechanoresponsive color‐changing hydrogel (FMCH) is reported that exhibits reversible, resilient, and predictable color changes under mechanical stress. At its undeformed state, the FMCH remains dark under a circular polariscope; upon uniaxial stretching of up to six times its initial length, it gradually shifts its color from black, to gray, yellow, and purple. Unlike traditional mechanoresponsive color‐changing materials, FMCH maintains its performance across various strain rates for up to 10 000 cycles. Moreover, FMCH demonstrates superior mechanical properties with fracture toughness of 3000 J m−2, stretchability of 6, and fatigue threshold up to 400 J m−2. These exceptional mechanical and optical features are attributed to FMCH's substantial molecular entanglements and desirable hygroscopic salts, which synergistically enhance its mechanical toughness while preserving its color‐changing performance. One application of this FMCH as a tactile sensoris then demonstrated for vision‐based tactile robots, enabling them to discern material stiffness, object shape, spatial location, and applied pressure by translating stress distribution on the contact surface into discernible images.
Polypyridiniums with Inherent Autophagy‐Inducing Activity for Atherosclerosis Treatment by Intracellularly Co‐Delivering Two Antioxidant Enzymes
Authors: Liang Mengxiao , Wang Qian , Zhang Song , Lan Qi , Wang Ruijue , Tan Echuan , Zhou Lei , Wang Changping , Wang Hui , Cheng Yiyun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAtherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial intima and is becoming the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. There is considerable evidence that defective autophagy and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are closely involved in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Here, a polymer is developed with the inherent autophagy‐inducing activity to treat atherosclerosis by co‐delivering antioxidant enzymes. The lead material P5c screened from a library of polypyridiniums shows robust efficacy in cytosolic protein delivery, and efficiently delivers superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) into macrophages to down‐regulate intracellular ROS. Moreover, P5c activates autophagy in macrophages and sufficiently inhibits foam cell formation. The P5c nanoparticle loaded with both SOD and CAT is further coated with neutrophil membranes to treat atherosclerosis in an ApoE−/− mice model. The treatment exhibits potent anti‐atherosclerosis effect via activating autophagy, decreasing the infiltration of senescent cells in atherosclerotic plaques, regulating the M2 polarization of macrophages, and restoring the structure and function of splenic corpuscles. The polymer offers a multifaceted approach to combat atherosclerosis, addressing both cellular dysfunction and the need for targeted protein delivery within affected cells.