bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deadly falls: operative versus nonoperative management of Type II odontoid process fracture in octogenarians
Authors: Graffeo Christopher S. , Perry Avital , Puffer Ross C. , Carlstrom Lucas P. , Chang Wendy , Mallory Grant W. , Clarke Michelle J. 
Published: August 2016

OBJECTIVE
Type II odontoid fracture is a common injury among elderly patients, particularly given their predisposition toward low-energy falls. Previous studies have demonstrated a survival advantage following early surgery among patients older than 65 years, yet octogenarians represent a medically distinct and rapidly growing population. The authors compared operative and nonoperative management in patients older than 79 years.

METHODS
A single-center prospectively maintained trauma database was reviewed using ICD-9 codes to identify octogenarians with C-2 cervical fractures between 1998 and 2014. Cervical CT images were independently reviewed by blinded neurosurgeons to confirm a Type II fracture pattern. Prospectively recorded outcomes included Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) score, Injury Severity Score (ISS), additional cervical fracture, and cord injury. Primary end points were mortality at 30 days and at 1 year. Statistical tests included the Student t-test, chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, Kaplan-Meier test, and Cox proportional hazard.

RESULTS
A total of 111 patients met inclusion criteria (94 nonoperative and 17 operative [15 posterior and 2 anterior]). Mortality data were available for 100% of patients. The mean age was 87 years (range 80–104 years). Additional cervical fracture, spinal cord injury, GCS score, AIS score, and ISS were not associated with either management strategy at the time of presentation. The mean time to death or last follow-up was 22 months (range 0–129 months) and was nonsignificant between operative and nonoperative groups (p = 0.3). Overall mortality was 13% in-hospital, 26% at 30 days, and 41% at 1 year. Nonoperative and operative mortality rates were not significant at any time point (12% vs 18%, p = 0.5 [in-hospital]; 27% vs 24%, p = 0.8 [30-day]; and 41% vs 41%, p = 1.0 [1-year]). Kaplan-Meier analysis did not demonstrate a survival advantage for either management strategy. Spinal cord injury, GCS score, AIS score, and ISS were significantly associated with 30-day and 1-year mortality; however, Cox modeling was not significant for any variable. Additional cervical fracture was not associated with increased mortality. The rate of nonhome disposition was not significant between the groups.

CONCLUSIONS
Type II odontoid fracture is associated with high morbidity among octogenarians, with 41% 1-year mortality independent of intervention—a dramatic decrease from actuarial survival rates for all 80-, 90-, and 100-year-old Americans. Poor outcome is associated with spinal cord injury, GCS score, AIS score, and ISS.
Age of language acquisition and cortical language organization in multilingual patients undergoing awake brain mapping
Authors: Fernández-Coello Alejandro , Havas Viktória , Juncadella Montserrat , Sierpowska Joanna , Rodríguez-Fornells Antoni , Gabarrós Andreu 
Published: August 2016

OBJECTIVEMost knowledge regarding the anatomical organization of multilingualism is based on aphasiology and functional imaging studies. However, the results have still to be validated by the gold standard approach, namely electrical stimulation mapping (ESM) during awake neurosurgical procedures. In this ESM study the authors describe language representation in a highly specific group of 13 multilingual individuals, focusing on how age of acquisition may influence the cortical organization of language.METHODSThirteen patients who had a high degree of proficiency in multiple languages and were harboring lesions within the dominant, left hemisphere underwent ESM while being operated on under awake conditions. Demographic and language data were recorded in relation to age of language acquisition (for native languages and early- and late-acquired languages), neuropsychological pre- and postoperative language testing, the number and location of language sites, and overlapping distribution in terms of language acquisition time. Lesion growth patterns and histopathological characteristics, location, and size were also recorded. The distribution of language sites was analyzed with respect to age of acquisition and overlap.RESULTSThe functional language-related sites were distributed in the frontal (55%), temporal (29%), and parietal lobes (16%). The total number of native language sites was 47. Early-acquired languages (including native languages) were represented in 97 sites (55 overlapped) and late-acquired languages in 70 sites (45 overlapped). The overlapping distribution was 20% for early-early, 71% for early-late, and 9% for late-late. The average lesion size (maximum diameter) was 3.3 cm. There were 5 fast-growing and 7 slow-growing lesions.CONCLUSIONSCortical language distribution in multilingual patients is not homogeneous, and it is influenced by age of acquisition. Early-acquired languages have a greater cortical representation than languages acquired later. The prevalent native and early-acquired languages are largely represented within the perisylvian left hemisphere frontoparietotemporal areas, and the less prevalent late-acquired languages are mostly overlapped with them.
A prospective randomized trial of the optimal dose of mannitol for intraoperative brain relaxation in patients undergoing craniotomy for supratentorial brain tumor resection
Authors: Seo Hyungseok , Kim Eugene , Jung Haesun , Lim Young-Jin , Kim Jin Wook , Park Chul-Kee , Se Young-Bem , Jeon Young-Tae , Hwang Jung-Won , Park Hee-Pyoung 
Published: August 2016

OBJECTIVEMannitol is used intraoperatively to induce brain relaxation in patients undergoing supratentorial brain tumor resection. The authors sought to determine the dose of mannitol that provides adequate brain relaxation with the fewest adverse effects.METHODSA total of 124 patients were randomized to receive mannitol at 0.25 g/kg (Group A), 0.5 g/kg (Group B), 1.0 g/kg (Group C), and 1.5 g/kg (Group D). The degree of brain relaxation was classified according to a 4-point scale (1, bulging; 2, firm; 3, adequate; and 4, perfectly relaxed) by neurosurgeons; Classes 3 and 4 were considered to indicate satisfactory brain relaxation. The osmolality gap (OG) and serum electrolytes were measured before and after mannitol administration.RESULTSThe brain relaxation score showed an increasing trend in patients receiving higher doses of mannitol (p = 0.005). The incidence of satisfactory brain relaxation was higher in Groups C and D than in Group A (67.7% and 64.5% vs 32.2%, p = 0.011 and 0.022, respectively). The incidence of OG greater than 10 mOsm/kg was also higher in Groups C and D than in Group A (100.0% in both groups vs 77.4%, p = 0.011 for both). The incidence of moderate hyponatremia (125 mmol/L ≤ Na+ < 130 mmol/L) was significantly higher in Group D than in other groups (38.7% vs 0.0%, 9.7%, and 12.9% in Groups A, B, and C; p < 0.001, p = 0.008, and p = 0.020, respectively). Hyperkalemia (K+ > 5.0 mmol/L) was observed in 12.9% of patients in Group D only.CONCLUSIONSThe higher doses of mannitol provided better brain relaxation but were associated with more adverse effects. Considering the balance between the benefits and risks of mannitol, the authors suggest the use of 1.0 g/kg of intraoperative mannitol for satisfactory brain relaxation with the fewest adverse effects.Clinical trial registration no.: NCT02168075 (clinicaltrials.gov)
On the Complexity of L-reachability
Authors: Komarath Balagopal , Sarma Jayalal , Sunil K.S. 
Published: August 2016

We initiate a complexity theoretic study of the language based graph reachability problem (L–REACH) : Fix a language L. Given a graph whose edges are labelled with alphabet symbols of the language L and two special vertices s and t, test if there is path P from s to t in the graph such that the concatenation of the symbols seen from s to t in the path P forms a string in the language L. We study variants of this problem with different graph classes and different language classes and obtain complexity theoretic characterizations for all of them. Our main results are the following: Restricting the language using formal language theory we show that the complexity of L–REACH increases with the power of the formal language class. We show that there is a regular language for which the L–REACH is NL-complete even for undirected graphs. In the case of linear languages, the complexity of L–REACH does not go beyond the complexity of L itself. Further, there is a deterministic context-free language L for which L–DAGREACH is LogCFL-complete. We use L–REACH as a lens to study structural complexity. In this direction we show that there is a language A in TC0 for which A–DAGREACH is NP-complete. Using this we show that P vs NP question is equivalent to P vs DAGREACH−1(P) 1 question. This leads to the intriguing possibility that by proving DAGREACH−1(P) is contained in some subclass of P, we can prove an upward translation of separation of complexity classes. Note that we do not know a way to upward translate the separation of complexity classes.
A multistressor, multitrait approach to assessing the effects of wind and dust on Eucalyptus tereticornis
Authors: Leonard Ryan J. , McArthur Clare , Hochuli Dieter F. 
Published: August 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Plants are routinely subjected to multiple environmental stressors, and the ability to respond to these stressors determines species survival and ecological breadth. Despite stressors such as wind and dust significantly influencing plant development, morphology, and chemistry, the combined influence of these factors is yet to be investigated.METHODS:We used a manipulative glasshouse approach to compare the morphological, physiological, and biomechanical responses of Eucalyptus tereticornis to the independent and combined effects of wind and dust.KEY RESULTS:Wind decreased both E. tereticornis height and stem flexural stiffness. Additionally, wind had no effect on leaf physiology, nor did dust have any significant effect on any of the traits measured.CONCLUSIONS:Our results suggest that wind and dust in combination may have an additive effect on several plant traits and provide new insight into the effects and importance of studying wind, dust, and different stress combinations.
Electrical capacitance as a predictor of root dry weight in shrub willow (Salix; Salicaceae) parents and progeny
Authors: Carlson Craig H. , Smart Lawrence B. 
Published: August 2016

Premise of the study:Root biomass is an important trait often disregarded in woody perennial selection due to the challenge and expense of accurately and efficiently measuring large populations. In this study, we aim to develop a simple method that can predict root dry weight within a diverse shrub willow (Salix) breeding population representing species hybrids and their parents using root electrical capacitance (REC).Methods:The REC method was tested on plants started from cuttings and grown in pots with potting mix in the greenhouse for 11 wk to assess the relationship of REC with 24 biomass traits and its usefulness in allometric models for root and stem dry biomass.Results:Strong linear and positive correlations were found between REC and root dry biomass (r = 0.88). The total proportion of variance of root and stem dry biomass explained by predictors in multiple regression was 85% and 69%, respectively. The relative importance of predictor variables in allometric models was dominated by the contribution of REC.Discussion:This work provides an efficient and nondestructive technique to indirectly quantify root biomass of genetically diverse shrub willow progeny, which has great promise for selection of genotypes with varying root biomass and for the accurate estimation of belowground carbon sequestration.
EMPIRICALLY CONSTRAINED PREDICTIONS FOR METAL-LINE EMISSION FROM THE CIRCUMGALACTIC MEDIUM
Authors: Corlies Lauren , Schiminovich David 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
The circumgalactic medium (CGM) is one of the remaining least constrained components of galaxies and as such has significant potential for advancing galaxy formation theories. In this work, we vary the extragalactic ultraviolet background for a high-resolution cosmological simulation of a Milky-Way-like galaxy and examine the effect on the absorption and emission properties of metals in the CGM. We find that a reduced quasar background brings the column density predictions into better agreement with recent data. Similarly, when the observationally derived physical properties of the gas are compared to the simulation, we find that the simulation gas is always at temperatures approximately 0.5 dex higher. Thus, similar column densities can be produced from fundamentally different gas. However, emission maps can provide complementary information to the line-of-sight column densities to better derive gas properties. From the simulations, we find that the brightest emission is less sensitive to the extragalactic background and that it closely follows the fundamental filamentary structure of the halo. This becomes increasingly true as the galaxy evolves from z = 1 to z = 0 and the majority of the gas transitions to a hotter, more diffuse phase. For the brightest ions (C iii, C iv, O vi), detectable emission can extend as far as 120 kpc at z = 0. Finally, resolution is a limiting factor for the conclusions we can draw from emission observations, but with moderate resolution and reasonable detection limits, upcoming instrumentation should place constraints on the physical properties of the CGM.
TIDALLY INDUCED OFFSET DISKS IN MAGELLANIC SPIRAL GALAXIES
Authors: Pardy Stephen A. , D’Onghia Elena , Athanassoula E. , Wilcots Eric M. , Sheth Kartik 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Magellanic spiral galaxies are a class of one-armed systems that often exhibit an offset stellar bar and are rarely found around massive spiral galaxies. Using a set of N-body and hydrodynamic simulations, we consider a dwarf–dwarf galaxy interaction as the driving mechanism for the formation of this peculiar class of systems. We investigate here the relation between the dynamical, stellar, and gaseous disk center and the bar. In all our simulations the bar center always coincides with the dynamical center, while the stellar disk becomes highly asymmetric during the encounter, causing the photometric center of the Magellanic galaxy disk to become mismatched with both the bar and the dynamical center. The disk asymmetries persist for almost 2 Gyr, the time that it takes for the disk to be recentered with the bar, and well after the companion has passed. This explains the nature of the offset bar found in many Magellanic-type galaxies, including the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and NGC 3906. In particular, these results, once applied to the LMC, suggest that the dynamical center should reside in the bar center instead of the H i center as previously assumed, pointing to a variation in the current estimate of the north component of the LMC proper motion.
The South American monsoon variability over the last millennium in climate
models
Authors: Rojas Maisa , Arias Paola A. , Flores-Aqueveque Valentina , Seth Anji , Vuille Mathias 
Published: August 2016

Abstract. In this paper we assess South American monsoon system (SAMS) variability in the last millennium as depicted by global coupled climate model simulations. High-resolution proxy records for the South American monsoon over this period show a coherent regional picture of a weak monsoon during the Medieval Climate Anomaly and a stronger monsoon during the Little Ice Age (LIA). Due to the small external forcing during the past 1000 years, model simulations do not show very strong temperature anomalies over these two specific periods, which in turn do not translate into clear precipitation anomalies, in contrast with the rainfall reconstructions in South America. Therefore, we used an ad hoc definition of these two periods for each model simulation in order to account for model-specific signals. Thereby, several coherent large-scale atmospheric circulation anomalies are identified. The models feature a stronger monsoon during the LIA associated with (i) an enhancement of the rising motion in the SAMS domain in austral summer; (ii) a stronger monsoon-related upper-tropospheric anticyclone; (iii) activation of the South American dipole, which results in a poleward shift of the South Atlantic Convergence Zone; and (iv) a weaker upper-level subtropical jet over South America. The diagnosed changes provide important insights into the mechanisms of these climate anomalies over South America during the past millennium.
Escritas, leituras, visualidades: povoamentos para pensar a aula (ou a docência) como zona de pesquisa
Authors: Poletti Mossi Cristian 
Published: August 2016

A escrita deste texto insurge de uma zona entre dois projetos de pesquisa coordenados pelo seu autor, um já finalizado em dezembro do ano de 2015 e um iniciando suas atividades. Ambas as ações investigativas propõem aula, docência e pesquisa como instâncias de produção e criação que se cruzam e se de-formam (TADEU, 2000) entre escritas, leituras e visualidades. Nesse sentido, o texto é composto por três notas. A Nota 1 trata da aula como zona que possibilita o aparecimento, ou presentificação de docências. A Nota 2 inter-relaciona docência e pesquisa como zonas inseparáveis. E a Nota 3, compreendida no texto como uma nota transversal às duas anteriores, problematiza escrita, leitura e visualidades como potências para o pensamento enquanto inauguração do novo e não como mera recognição (DELEUZE, 2003a, 2003b, 2006). Enviado em: 30 de maio de 2016.Aprovado em: 01 de agosto de 2016.
Ensaiar a escrileiturartista na universidade
Authors: Maria Dreher Heuser Ester , Mara Corazza Sandra 
Published: August 2016

Práticas, experimentamos e ensaiamos a leitura e a escritura na universidade. Acabando com a saturação do silogístico, introduzimos a dissonância textual. Convocando recursos sutis e o valor inovador da tradição, usamos a lógica da imaginação para estudá-la. Por meio da arte, recuperamos a vida dos signos porque não temos como não fazê-lo, desde que a nossa tarefa é criar a escrileiturartística de uma Filosofia-Educação da Diferença e não ensiná-la. Assim, em vez do Ensino-da-Filosofia-Verdadeiramente-Verdadeira e da Educação-Que-Todo-Mundo-Já-Sabe-E-Ninguém-Mais-Quer-Saber-Porque-Não-Aguenta-Mais, inventamos uma Filosofia-Experimentação e uma Educação-Da-Filosofia-Criadora. Desse modo, como professoras-pesquisadoras, respondemos positivamente à indagação de Flaubert (apud CAMPOS, 1986, p.5): “Quando é que seremos artistas, nada mais do que artistas, mas realmente artistas”? Enviado em: 30 de maio de 2016.Aprovado em: 01 de agosto de 2016.
Aporias literárias: questões borgeanas na educação
Authors: Daniel Lamela Adó Máximo 
Published: August 2016

Este texto escolhe abordar certo universo da literatura borgeana a partir de três pontos desdobrados em temáticas da Educação. Trata-se de sinalizações que procuram indicar ao leitor uma ênfase nos modos de ler como precursores ativos de uma política da imaginação na Educação. Essa política faz da literatura um dispositivo que compõe, com o ato leitor, um estado de humor poético que arrasta os ímpetos classificatórios ao campo das potências do imaginário. Tal ênfase nos modos de ler procura ser evidenciada nos seguintes pontos: 1) A invenção de Borges (a subjetivação como um efeito de variação); 2) O conhecimento como fabulação (a erosão da verdade como essência) e 3) O anacronismo como procedimento didático (uma didática dos modos de ler). Enviado em: 30 de maio de 2016.Aprovado em: 01 de agosto de 2016.
Margens de leitura e escrita
Authors: Borges Monteiro Silas 
Published: August 2016

O gesto de ler-escrever é tomado aqui como objeto e problema. É analisado pelos conjuntos conceituais: 1) a arquiescritura deste duplo ler-escrever encontra no termo escrileitura sua melhor operação: aqui, apresentado e experimentado; 2) com a noção de margens, o gesto de ler-escrever é mostrado em sua estruturalidade - uma estrutura sem centro, sem origem, disponível à disseminação de sentidos -, suplementaridade - como o remetimento de um signo ao outro, como crítica à noção de complementação de sentido, contra a ideia de uma identidade textual - e iterabilidade - pois um texto é sempre o nascimento do novo, assim como sua leitura, fazendo com que a escrileitura seja esse gesto de criação, que se dá sempre pela segunda vez -; 3) os indecidíveis são entendidos como operadores que respondem às questões próprias do espaço, onde o ler-escrever se movimentam, argumentando que a lógica da suplementaridade atua aditivamente e não por exclusão. Enviado em: 30 de maio de 2016.Aprovado em: 01 de agosto de 2016.
Mise à l’essai d’un manuel scolaire adapté : différenciation et incapacités intellectuelles
Authors: Beaulieu Judith 
Published: August 2016

Au 2ecycle du primaire, près du tiers des élèves ont un retard d’apprentissage de la lecture et 80 % d’entre eux sont inclus au régulier. Les enseignants du régulier différencieraient peu leurs enseignements. Notre analyse des guides du maitre des manuels scolaires de 3eannée pointe deux manuels scolaires, se démarquant par leur application du cadre conceptuel de la différenciation pédagogique. L’objet de cet article est de présenter une étude évaluant la mise à l’essai du matérielSignet adapté, afin d’enrichir le cadre conceptuel de la différenciation pédagogique, en rendant compte de ses effets (apprentissage de la lecture, motivation et différenciation pédagogique), lorsqu’il est appliqué à l’utilisation d’un outil pédagogique. Il s’agit d’une recherche exploratoire s’étant déroulée sur 6 mois auprès de 4 enseignants et 32 élèves.
Un changement de paradigme : le travail comme activité
Authors: Bernoux Philippe 
Published: August 2016

Considérer le travail comme activité, c’est regarder ce que fait l’individu au travail, son activité concrète et non plus seulement l’environnement de ce travail, conditions de travail, salaire, organisation, relations hiérarchiques, etc. C’est regarder le « faire », observer avec précision ce que fait le travailleur dans son milieu de travail, le laisser parler de son travail concret. Privilégier l’observation précise et donner la parole aux exécutants permet de quitter les interprétations du travail les plus répandues, pour restituer l’ensemble des significations données par les travailleurs sur leur travail. C’est dans les descriptions précises du travail et dans ce que les exécutants en disent, qu’il faut chercher ces significations. Récemment, sans doute surtout sous l’influence des psychologues et des ergonomes du travail, on est passé progressivement des anciennes approches du travail à une approche de l’activité, de ce que fait l’homme au travail. Ces nouvelles approches montrent qu’il peut inventer et qu’il invente d’autres manières de faire, qu’il peut innover dans son travail, qu’il n’est plus simplement soumis à une organisation mais qu’il est capable et disposé à être, à son niveau, un inventeur, qu’il donne aussi à son travail une foule d’autres significations. Considérer et analyser le travail comme activité permet alors de mieux comprendre les évolutions actuelles dans le monde du travail.