bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gendering the extraverted state: the politics of the Kenyan sex workers’ movement
Authors: Česnulytė Eglė 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
The Kenyan sex worker movement occupies a peculiar place in Kenyan politics – it is an important partner in different programmes and policies in the health sector, but individuals selling sex still disproportionately suffer from different forms of state and public violence and are often marginalised. This article argues that due to the gendered nature of the Kenyan state’s extraversion processes and the resulting dual accountability to national and foreign sovereigns, the Kenyan state’s approach to gender issues is inconsistent and thus produces a situation where social movements with a gender rights agenda can be both included and excluded from the national political scene. The article also explores how the sex worker movement builds on this duality of the Kenyan state when making its strategic choices about engagement with national policy bodies.
Accurate prediction of personalized olfactory perception from large-scale chemoinformatic features
Authors: Li Hongyang , Panwar Bharat , Omenn Gilbert S , Guan Yuanfang 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Background
The olfactory stimulus-percept problem has been studied for more than a century, yet it is still hard to precisely predict the odor given the large-scale chemoinformatic features of an odorant molecule. A major challenge is that the perceived qualities vary greatly among individuals due to different genetic and cultural backgrounds. Moreover, the combinatorial interactions between multiple odorant receptors and diverse molecules significantly complicate the olfaction prediction. Many attempts have been made to establish structure-odor relationships for intensity and pleasantness, but no models are available to predict the personalized multi-odor attributes of molecules. In this study, we describe our winning algorithm for predicting individual and population perceptual responses to various odorants in the DREAM Olfaction Prediction Challenge.

Results
We find that random forest model consisting of multiple decision trees is well suited to this prediction problem, given the large feature spaces and high variability of perceptual ratings among individuals. Integrating both population and individual perceptions into our model effectively reduces the influence of noise and outliers. By analyzing the importance of each chemical feature, we find that a small set of low- and nondegenerative features is sufficient for accurate prediction.

Conclusions
Our random forest model successfully predicts personalized odor attributes of structurally diverse molecules. This model together with the top discriminative features has the potential to extend our understanding of olfactory perception mechanisms and provide an alternative for rational odorant design.
Hybrid-denovo: a de novo OTU-picking pipeline integrating single-end and paired-end 16S sequence tags
Authors: Chen Xianfeng , Johnson Stephen , Jeraldo Patricio , Wang Junwen , Chia Nicholas , Kocher Jean-Pierre A , Chen Jun 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Background
Illumina paired-end sequencing has been increasingly popular for 16S rRNA gene-based microbiota profiling. It provides higher phylogenetic resolution than single-end reads due to a longer read length. However, the reverse read (R2) often has significant low base quality, and a large proportion of R2s will be discarded after quality control, resulting in a mixture of paired-end and single-end reads. A typical 16S analysis pipeline usually processes either paired-end or single-end reads but not a mixture. Thus, the quantification accuracy and statistical power will be reduced due to the loss of a large amount of reads. As a result, rare taxa may not be detectable with the paired-end approach, or low taxonomic resolution will result in a single-end approach.

Results
To have both the higher phylogenetic resolution provided by paired-end reads and the higher sequence coverage by single-end reads, we propose a novel OTU-picking pipeline, hybrid-denovo, that can process a hybrid of single-end and paired-end reads. Using high-quality paired-end reads as a gold standard, we show that hybrid-denovo achieved the highest correlation with the gold standard and performed better than the approaches based on paired-end or single-end reads in terms of quantifying the microbial diversity and taxonomic abundances. By applying our method to a rheumatoid arthritis (RA) data set, we demonstrated that hybrid-denovo captured more microbial diversity and identified more RA-associated taxa than a paired-end or single-end approach.

Conclusions
Hybrid-denovo utilizes both paired-end and single-end 16S sequencing reads and is recommended for 16S rRNA gene targeted paired-end sequencing data.
OPTICAL DENSITY RATIO OF THE SUBRETINAL FLUID IN CHOROIDAL MELANOMA AND METASTASIS
Authors: Leshno Ari , Vishnevskia-Dai Vicktoria , Barak Adiel , Zur Dinah , Gabai Shiran , Moroz Iris , Neudorfer Meira 
Published: December 2017

Purpose:
To investigate the optical density (OD) characteristics and clinical relevance of subretinal fluid in choroidal melanoma and choroidal metastasis.

Methods:
Medical records of patients with choroidal melanoma and choroidal metastasis who underwent optical coherence tomography examinations at diagnosis before any intervention and whose optical coherence tomography scans showed sufficient subretinal fluid for sampling were reviewed. The highest quality B-scan containing subretinal fluid was analyzed. Optical density measurements obtained using ImageJ and optical density ratios (ODRs) were calculated as subretinal fluid OD divided by vitreous OD. Patient details and diagnosis were masked during measurements. Nonparametric tests for independent samples were used to detect differences in ODR between groups.

Results:
Of the 39 cases of choroidal tumors that met the inclusion criteria, 14 were diagnosed as metastases and 25 as malignant melanoma. There were no significant differences between the groups in age, optical coherence tomography acquisition and parameters of quality, and vitreous OD. Optical density ratio values were significantly lower in metastases cases (mean 0.68, SD ±0.18) than in melanoma cases (0.95 ± 0.33, P = 0.006). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis yielded an optimal cutoff of ODR = 0.771 (sensitivity = 78.6%, specificity = 72.0%).

Conclusion:
Optical density ratio can serve as an additional test to differentiate between choroidal melanoma and choroidal metastases.
TRAFFIC ACCIDENT–RELATED OPEN GLOBE INJURIES
Authors: Okamoto Yoshifumi , Morikawa Shohei , Okamoto Fumiki , Mitamura Yoshinori , Ishikawa Hiroto , Ueda Tetsuo , Sakamoto Taiji , Sugitani Kazuhiko , Sawada Osamu , Mori Junya , Takamura Yoshihiro , Oshika Tetsuro 
Published: December 2017

Purpose:
To evaluate the clinical characteristics and visual outcomes of patients with traffic accident-related open globe injuries, and to examine preoperative factors influencing the visual prognosis after pars plana vitrectomy, as compared with common open globe injuries.

Methods:
Patients with open globe injuries, who underwent pars plana vitrectomy, were identified. Patients' demographic and clinical data were entered into a computerized database for review and analysis; data included age, sex, initial visual acuity, duration between onset of injury and surgery, information about the type and cause of injury, wound location and length, presence of ocular complications, and final visual acuity.

Results:
Of the 355 open globe injuries, 14 were sustained during a traffic-related accident; the average age was 50.4 years (range: 20–85) and most (78.6%) were men. Of these 14 patients, 9 (64.3%) presented with rupture and 5 (35.7%) with laceration. Injuries were caused while driving (6 eyes; 42.9%), riding a bicycle (5 eyes; 35.7%), involved in car accident while walking (2 eyes; 14.3%), and riding a motorbike (1 eye; 7.1%). Initial visual acuity was significantly related to final visual acuity (P = 0.003, R2 = 0.80). The final visual acuity in patients with traffic accident–related open globe injuries was significantly better than that of the total group (P = 0.01).

Conclusion:
Traffic accident–related open globe injuries had better visual outcomes than common open globe injuries. Visual outcomes in patients with traffic accident–related open globe injuries were related to the initial visual acuity. No eyes developed endophthalmitis in patients with traffic accident–related open globe injuries.
Perioperative Fluid Accumulation Impairs Intestinal Contractility to a Similar Extent as Peritonitis and Endotoxemia
Authors: Gorrasi José , Jakob Stephan M. , Tovar Luis , Balsiger Bruno , Brandt Sebastian , Bruegger Lukas E. , Bracht Hendrik , Takala Jukka 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

Background:
Perioperative resuscitation with large amounts of fluid may cause tissue edema, especially in the gut, and thereby impairing its functions. This is especially relevant in sepsis where capillaries become leaky and fluid rapidly escapes to the pericapillary tissue. We assessed the effects of endotoxemia and peritonitis, and the use of high and moderate volume fluid resuscitation on jejunal contractility. We hypothesized that both endotoxemia and peritonitis impair jejunum contractility and relaxation, and that this effect is aggravated in peritonitis and with high fluid administration.

Methods:
Pigs were randomized to endotoxin (n = 16), peritonitis (n = 16), or sham operation (n = 16), and either high (20 mL/kg/h) or moderate volume (10 mL/kg/h) fluid resuscitation for 24 h or until death. At the end of the experiment, jejunal contractility and relaxation were measured in vitro using acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside reactivity, and the effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibition (NOS-I) was assessed.

Results:
Mortality in the respective groups was 88% (peritonitis high), 75% (endotoxemia high), 50% (peritonitis moderate), 13% (endotoxemia moderate and sham operation high), and 0% (sham operation moderate volume resuscitation). Although gut perfusion was preserved in all groups, jejunal contractility was impaired in the two peritonitis and two endotoxemia groups, and similarly also in the sham operation group treated with high but not with moderate volume fluid resuscitation (model-fluid-contraction-interaction, P = 0.036; maximal contractility 136 ± 28% [average of both peritonitis, both endotoxemia and sham operation high-volume groups) vs. 170 ± 74% of baseline [sham operation moderate-volume group]). NOS-I reduced contractility (contraction-inhibition-interaction, P = 0.011) without significant differences between groups and relaxation was affected neither by peritonitis and endotoxemia nor by the fluid regimen.

Conclusions:
Intestinal contractility is similarly impaired during peritonitis and during endotoxemia. Moreover, perioperative high-volume fluid resuscitation in sham-operated animals also decreases intestinal contractility. This may have consequences for postoperative recovery.
On the evolutionary ecology of multidrug resistance in bacteria
Authors: Lehtinen Sonja , Blanquart François , Lipsitch Marc , Fraser Christophe ,   The Maela Pneumococcal Collaboration
Published: December 2017

AbstractResistance against different antibiotics appears on the same bacterial strains more often than expected by chance, leading to high frequencies of multidrug resistance. There are multiple explanations for this observation, but these tend to be specific to subsets of antibiotics and/or bacterial species, whereas the trend is pervasive. Here, we consider the question in terms of strain ecology: explaining why resistance to different antibiotics is often seen on the same strain requires an understanding of the competition between strains with different resistance profiles. This work builds on models originally proposed to explain another aspect of strain competition: the stable coexistence of antibiotic sensitivity and resistance observed in a number of bacterial species. We first demonstrate a partial structural similarity in these models of coexistence. We then generalise this unified underlying model to multidrug resistance and show that models with this structure predict high levels of association between resistance to different drugs and high multidrug resistance frequencies. We test predictions from this model in six bacterial datasets and find them to be qualitatively consistent with observed trends. The higher than expected frequencies of multidrug resistance are often interpreted as evidence that these strains are out-competing strains with lower resistance multiplicity. Our work provides an alternative explanation that is compatible with long-term stability in resistance frequencies.Author summaryAntibiotic resistance is a serious public health concern, yet the ecology and evolution of drug resistance are not fully understood. This impacts our ability to design effective interventions to combat resistance. From a public health point of view, multidrug resistance is particularly problematic because resistance to different antibiotics is often seen on the same bacterial strains, which leads to high frequencies of multidrug resistance and limits treatment options. This work seeks to explain this trend in terms of strain ecology and the competition between strains with different resistance profiles. Building on recent work exploring why resistant bacteria are not out-competing sensitive bacteria, we show that models originally proposed to explain this observation also predict high multidrug resistance frequencies. These models are therefore a unifying explanation for two pervasive trends in resistance dynamics. In terms of public health, the implication of our results is that new resistances are likeliest to be found on already multidrug resistant strains and that changing patterns of prescription may not be enough to combat multidrug resistance.
Ultrasonic Neuromodulation Causes Widespread Cortical Activation via an Indirect Auditory Mechanism
Authors: Sato Tomokazu , Shapiro Mikhail G. , Tsao Doris Y. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTUltrasound has received widespread attention as an emerging technology for targeted, non-invasive neuromodulation based on its ability to evoke electrophysiological and motor responses in animals. However, little is known about the spatiotemporal pattern of ultrasound-induced brain activity that could drive these responses. Here, we address this question by combining focused ultrasound with wide-field optical imaging of calcium signals in transgenic mice. Surprisingly, we find cortical activity patterns consistent with indirect activation of auditory pathways rather than direct neuromodulation at the ultrasound focus. Ultrasound-induced activity is similar to that evoked by audible sound. Furthermore, both ultrasound and audible sound elicit motor responses consistent with a startle reflex, with both responses reduced by chemical deafening. These findings reveal an indirect auditory mechanism for ultrasound-induced cortical activity and movement requiring careful consideration in future development of ultrasonic neuromodulation as a tool in neuroscience research.
Generating disassembly tasks for selective disassembly using ontology-based disassembly knowledge representation
Authors: Jiang Hui , Yi Jianjun , Zhu Xiaomin , Li Zhao 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to develop methods for generating disassembly tasks for selective disassembly. The disassembly task contains the disassembly information, namely, disassembly direction, disassembly tool and selective disassembly sequence.

Design/methodology/approach
Ontology is adopted to represent the product, and ontology rules are used to represent the disassembly knowledge. A product ontology model (POM) is introduced on the basis of material, connection matrix and interference matrix. Two types of disassembly knowledge are taken into account, one is the disassembly knowledge of disassembly tool selection and the other is the disassembly knowledge of special connections. Based on the POM and the disassembly knowledge, decision support methods are designed to generate disassembly tasks.

Findings
A centrifugal pump is used to demonstrate the proposed methods, and the result shows that the methods work well.

Research limitations/implications
The methods developed in this study are fundamental approaches. The ontology and the ontology rules can be extended with more disassembly knowledge.

Originality/value
The main contribution of this research is the development of methods for representing disassembly knowledge based on ontology rules and the decision support methods for generating disassembly tasks.
Self-classification of assembly database using evolutionary method
Authors: Iwańkowicz Remigiusz Romuald , Taraska Michał 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The purpose of the paper is to develop a method of automatic classification of the components of the assembly units. The method is crucial for developing an automatic ship assembly planning tools. The proposed method takes into account the assumptions specific for shipbuilding technology processes: high complexity of structures, difficult expert-based classification of components, fixed priority relations between connections resulting from geometrical constraints and demands of welding processes.

Design/methodology/approach
The set of ex post determined liaisons and assembly sequences constitutes the database of structures which have been made-up earlier. The components classification problem is solved using matrix coding of graphs. Information in such form is stored in the database. The minimization of number of cycles in the graph of classes sequence and minimization of diversity of classes within all constructions has been proposed as criteria of optimization. The genetic algorithm has been proposed as a solution method.

Findings
The proposed method solves the problem of components’ classifications. It allows setting the pattern of priorities between classes of various connections. This gives a chance to determine the relationship constraints between the connections of new structures for which assembly sequences are not established.

Research limitations/implications
Mathematical formulation of the database is quite laborious. The possibility of partial automation of this process should be considered. Owing to the complexity of the problem, a relatively simple objective function has been proposed. During a ship hull assembly, additional criteria should be taken into account, what will be the direction of further research.

Practical implications
Automatic classification of components is dedicated for implementation in shipyards and similar assembly systems. Tests performed by the authors confirm efficiency of presented method in supporting management of the database and assembly of new structures planning. Suggested activity-oriented approach allows for easy conversion of any assembly unit structure to the form of a matrix.

Originality/value
The new approach for components classification according to its assembly features distinguishes the proposed method from others. The use of nilpotent matrix theory in an acyclicity of graphs analysis is also a unique achievement. Original crossover and mutation operators for assembly sequence were proposed in the article.
Factors affecting college students’ brand loyalty toward fast fashion
Authors: Su Jin , Chang Aihwa 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the factors affecting consumer’s fast fashion brand loyalty by examining US college students’ perceptions and loyalty toward fast fashion.

Design/methodology/approach
Using consumer-based brand equity approach, a research model which examines the factors affecting consumer’s brand loyalty in the fast fashion context was proposed. It was hypothesized that consumer’s perceptions of fast fashion, including brand awareness, perceived quality, perceived value, brand personality, organizational associations, and brand uniqueness, affect consumer brand loyalty. Based on the valid data from 419 US college students, this study employed structural equation modeling to investigate the factors affecting US college students’ brand loyalty toward fast fashion.

Findings
Results reveal that for the US college students, brand awareness, perceived value, organizational associations, and brand uniqueness are the contributing factors to generating consumer’s loyalty toward fast fashion brands.

Originality/value
Due to the fact that fast fashion has become a key feature of the global fashion industry over the last decade, there is phenomenal growth in the availability of fast fashion brands in the US markets. This study provides valuable insights about young consumers’ perceptions of fast fashion brands and the factors’ contributions to their brand loyalty.
What are the prospects for robots in the construction industry?
Authors: Bogue Robert 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to address the question posed in the title by considering the present uses and potential future role of robots in the construction industry.

Design/methodology/approach
Following a short introduction, this first considers developments involving the robotic automation of conventional building practices, notably bricklaying and glazing. This is followed by a discussion of the role of drones and developments in autonomous ground vehicles. It then provides examples of the rapidly growing use of robotic 3D printing of concrete structures and concludes with a discussion.

Findings
Many different classes of robots aimed at a diversity of uses in the construction industry exist or are at an advanced stage of development. While some seek to automate conventional building practices, others such as concrete printing robots underpin novel construction concepts. Their use has the potential to yield significant economic, operational, environmental and other benefits and many technologically advanced companies have recently been established which aim to exploit these opportunities. While the industry has traditionally been slow to adopt new technologies, robots are now exerting a real impact and will inevitably play a vital and growing role in the future.

Originality/value
The construction industry is under pressure to modernise and improve its efficiency, and this article illustrates the role that robots are playing in this process.
Communication evaluation and measurement: connecting research to practice
Authors: Buhmann Alexander , Likely Fraser , Geddes David 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the current state of communication evaluation and measurement (E&M) as a vital field connecting academics and practitioners in communication management.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors track recent developments in the field, address the ongoing struggle toward E&M standards, and propose six agenda points for the future E&M debate.

Findings
While the authors see an engaged, international interest community making considerable headway in important E&M issues, the conclusion is that several areas require further work: dynamics of standardization; going beyond the effectiveness-based view; internal services evaluation; addressing intervening variables; closer ties to related fields; and dissemination into the wider practice.

Originality/value
The paper gives a pointed reflection of the state of the field and also provides a comprehensive list of current resources for those who aim to further the E&M debate.