bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ontogenetic shift in Daphnia‐algae interaction strength altered by stressors: revisiting Jensen's inequality
Authors: Ramos‐Jiliberto Rodrigo , Heine‐Fuster Inger , Reyes Claudio A. , González‐Barrientos Javier 
Published: September 2016

AbstractInteraction strength among species plays a crucial role in shaping the functioning of ecological communities, but it is often assumed to be insensitive to inter‐individual variation in underlying parameters such as attack rates or handling time. Ecological factors including stressors exert age/size‐dependent effects on such behavioral parameters, promoting shifts in the distribution of parameter values over ages. Here we analyze the effects of the pesticide methamidophos on the Daphnia‐microalga interaction strength. We first analyze age‐dependent effects of the pesticide on the Daphnia functional response, and then decompose the population‐level effects of the stressor into contributions of shifts in elevation (i.e., vertical effect) versus shifts in nonlinearity (i.e., nonlinear effect) of the response of interaction strength over consumer age. Our results show that (1) Rogers and Holling type II functional response models best fitted the empirical functional responses of Daphnia of different ages, (2) attack rate and handling time were affected by the pesticide, (3) these effects were age‐specific, shifting the average attack rate and both the mean and coefficient of variation of handling time of different age classes, (4) population level interaction strength was affected by pesticide exposure by variation in both elevation and nonlinearity of its response over consumer age. We show that both vertical and nonlinear effects were important in magnitude but opposite in sign. The consequences of factors that exert age/size dependent effects can only be evaluated through properly considering inter‐individual variation.
Scintillation Proximity Assay to Detect the Changes in Cellular Dihydrosphingosine 1‐Phosphate Levels
Authors: Ohtoyo Mamoru , Tamura Masakazu , Machinaga Nobuo , Muro Fumihito , Hashimoto Ryuji 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCompounds that modulate the activity of sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P)‐metabolizing enzymes are expected to be potential therapeutic agents for various diseases. Investigation of their potencies requires not only cell‐free but also cell‐based assays in which intracellular accumulation/depletion of S1P could be monitored. However, conventional methods have limitations to their simplicity, mainly due to the necessity of a separation process that separates S1P from its related substances. Here, we describe a method utilizing a scintillation proximity assay (SPA) for semi‐quantifying intracellular [3H]‐labeled dihydroS1P ([3H]dhS1P), which is also a substrate for S1P‐metabolizing enzymes. We found that uncoated yttrium silicate SPA beads could selectively bind to and detect [3H]dhS1P rather than [3H]dihydrosphingosine (the non‐phosphorylated form of [3H]dhS1P). Based on this, we developed a novel cell‐based assay system which does not require any organic solvent extraction or chromatographic separation, and confirmed its practicality by using siRNA targeting S1P lyase (S1PL) and known S1PL inhibitors as models. Our results demonstrated that this assay is useful for rapid and easy evaluation of S1PL inhibitors, and could be potentially applicable for all compounds that modulate the activity of S1P‐metabolizing enzymes.
Replacement of Marine Fish Oil with de novo Omega‐3 Oils from Transgenic Camelina sativa in Feeds for Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata L.)
Authors: Betancor Mónica B. , Sprague M. , Montero D. , Usher S. , Sayanova O. , Campbell P. J. , Napier J. A. , Caballero M. J. , Izquierdo M. , Tocher D. R. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractOmega‐3 (n‐3) long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC‐PUFA) are essential components of the diet of all vertebrates. The major dietary source of n‐3 LC‐PUFA for humans has been fish and seafood but, paradoxically, farmed fish are also reliant on marine fisheries for fish meal and fish oil (FO), traditionally major ingredients of aquafeeds. Currently, the only sustainable alternatives to FO are vegetable oils, which are rich in C18 PUFA, but devoid of the eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) abundant in FO. Two new n‐3 LC‐PUFA sources obtained from genetically modified (GM) Camelina sativa containing either EPA alone (ECO) or EPA and DHA (DCO) were compared to FO and wild‐type camelina oil (WCO) in juvenile sea bream. Neither ECO nor DCO had any detrimental effects on fish performance, although final weight of ECO‐fed fish (117 g) was slightly lower than that of FO‐ and DCO‐fed fish (130 and 127 g, respectively). Inclusion of the GM‐derived oils enhanced the n‐3 LC‐PUFA content in fish tissues compared to WCO, although limited biosynthesis was observed indicating accumulation of dietary fatty acids. The expression of genes involved in several lipid metabolic processes, as well as fish health and immune response, in both liver and anterior intestine were altered in fish fed the GM‐derived oils. This showed a similar pattern to that observed in WCO‐fed fish reflecting the hybrid fatty acid profile of the new oils. Overall the data indicated that the GM‐derived oils could be suitable alternatives to dietary FO in sea bream.
Liquid Biopsies
Authors: Speicher Michael R. , Gerger Armin , Hoefler Gerald 
Published: September 2016

Zusammenfassung
„Liquid Biopsy“ bezieht sich in der Onkologie auf die Untersuchung von zirkulierenden Tumorzellen (engl.: circulating tumor cells [CTCs]) oder zirkulierender Tumor-DNA (engl.: circulating tumor DNA [ctDNA]), um nicht invasiv aus dem peripheren Blut Charakteristika über das Tumorgenom von Krebspatienten zu erfassen. Den Liquid Biopsies wird ein immenses Potenzial für zukünftige Entwicklungen in der personalisierten Medizin und dem Einsatz zielgerichteter Therapien eingeräumt. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit zeigen wir, dass aber noch viele offene Fragen angegangen werden müssen, bevor Liquid Biopsies für die klinische Routine eingesetzt werden können. Eine besondere Herausforderung liegt darin, dass Ergebnisse je nach gewähltem Untersuchungsverfahren eine Tragweite haben können, die weit über die ursprünglich beabsichtigte Untersuchung des Tumorgenoms hinausgeht. All diese Fragen können nur in einem interdisziplinären Ansatz unter Beteiligung der Humangenetik, Onkologie, Pathologie, Bioinformatik und Bioethik angegangen und beantwortet werden.
An alternative technique for Fontan completion in patients with widely separated connections of the inferior systemic veins to the atrial mass
Authors: Pomè Giuseppe , Ghedira Faker , Keizman Eitan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSeveral surgical approaches for completion of a total cavopulmonary connection have been established for patients with anomalies of systemic venous connection in association with a functionally univentricular heart. We report an alternative technique designed to address the problem of widely separated inferior systemic veins, in which two extracardiac conduits were used. This technique was performed on three patients and yielded excellent short-term results, allowing us to operate on a beating heart with no need for cardioplegic arrest and aortic cross-clamping.
Vascular microRNA-204 is remotely governed by the microbiome and impairs endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation by downregulating Sirtuin1
Authors: Vikram Ajit , Kim Young-Rae , Kumar Santosh , Li Qiuxia , Kassan Modar , Jacobs Julia S. , Irani Kaikobad 
Published: September 2016

AbstractGut microbiota promotes atherosclerosis, and vascular endothelial dysfunction, signalled by impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, is an early marker of atherosclerosis. Here we show that vascular microRNA-204 (miR-204) expression is remotely regulated by the microbiome, and impairs endothelial function by targeting the Sirtuin1 lysine deacetylase (Sirt1). MiR-204 is downregulated, while Sirt1 is upregulated, in aortas of germ-free mice. Suppression of gut microbiome with broad-spectrum antibiotics decreases miR-204, increases Sirt1 and bioavailable vascular nitric oxide, and improves endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in mouse aortas. Antibiotics curtail aortic miR-204 upregulation, and rescue decline of aortic Sirt1 and endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, triggered by high-fat diet feeding. Improvement of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation by antibiotics is lost in mice lacking endothelial Sirt1. Systemic antagonism of miR-204 rescues impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation and vascular Sirt1, and decreases vascular inflammation induced by high-fat diet. These findings reveal a gut microbe-vascular microRNA–Sirtuin1 nexus that leads to endothelial dysfunction.
DELLA-mediated gibberellin signalling regulates Nod factor signalling and rhizobial infection
Authors: Fonouni-Farde Camille , Tan Sovanna , Baudin Maël , Brault Mathias , Wen Jiangqi , Mysore Kirankumar S. , Niebel Andreas , Frugier Florian , Diet Anouck 
Published: September 2016

AbstractLegumes develop symbiotic interactions with rhizobial bacteria to form nitrogen-fixing nodules. Bacterial Nod factors (NFs) and plant regulatory pathways modulating NF signalling control rhizobial infections and nodulation efficiency. Here we show that gibberellin (GA) signalling mediated by DELLA proteins inhibits rhizobial infections and controls the NF induction of the infection marker ENOD11 in Medicago truncatula. Ectopic expression of a constitutively active DELLA protein in the epidermis is sufficient to promote ENOD11 expression in the absence of symbiotic signals. We show using heterologous systems that DELLA proteins can interact with the nodulation signalling pathway 2 (NSP2) and nuclear factor-YA1 (NF-YA1) transcription factors that are essential for the activation of NF responses. Furthermore, MtDELLA1 can bind the ERN1 (ERF required for nodulation 1) promoter and positively transactivate its expression. Overall, we propose that GA-dependent action of DELLA proteins may directly regulate the NSP1/NSP2 and NF-YA1 activation of ERN1 transcription to regulate rhizobial infections.
Study of Gas Flow Characteristics in Tight Porous Media with a Microscale Lattice Boltzmann Model
Authors: Zhao Jianlin , Yao Jun , Zhang Min , Zhang Lei , Yang Yongfei , Sun Hai , An Senyou , Li Aifen 
Published: September 2016

AbstractTo investigate the gas flow characteristics in tight porous media, a microscale lattice Boltzmann (LB) model with the regularization procedure is firstly adopted to simulate gas flow in three-dimensional (3D) digital rocks. A shale digital rock and a sandstone digital rock are reconstructed to study the effects of pressure, temperature and pore size on microscale gas flow. The simulation results show that because of the microscale effect in tight porous media, the apparent permeability is always higher than the intrinsic permeability and with the decrease of pressure or pore size, or with the increase of temperature, the difference between apparent permeability and intrinsic permeability increases. In addition, the Knudsen numbers under different conditions are calculated and the results show that gas flow characteristics in the digital rocks under different Knudsen numbers are quite different. With the increase of Knudsen number, gas flow in the digital rocks becomes more uniform and the effect of heterogeneity of the porous media on gas flow decreases. Finally, two commonly used apparent permeability calculation models are evaluated by the simulation results and the Klinkenberg model shows better accuracy. In addition, a better proportionality factor in Klinkenberg model is proposed according to the simulation results.
Structural insights into the IgE mediated responses induced by the allergens Hev b 8 and Zea m 12 in their dimeric forms
Authors: Mares-Mejía Israel , Martínez-Caballero Siseth , Garay-Canales Claudia , Cano-Sánchez Patricia , Torres-Larios Alfredo , Lara-González Samuel , Ortega Enrique , Rodríguez-Romero Adela 
Published: September 2016

AbstractOligomerization of allergens plays an important role in IgE-mediated reactions, as effective crosslinking of IgE- FcεRI complexes on the cell membrane is dependent on the number of exposed B-cell epitopes in a single allergen molecule or on the occurrence of identical epitopes in a symmetrical arrangement. Few studies have attempted to experimentally demonstrate the connection between allergen dimerization and the ability to trigger allergic reactions. Here we studied plant allergenic profilins rHev b 8 (rubber tree) and rZea m 12 (maize) because they represent an important example of cross-reactivity in the latex-pollen-food syndrome. Both allergens in their monomeric and dimeric states were isolated and characterized by exclusion chromatography and mass spectrometry and were used in immunological in vitro experiments. Their crystal structures were solved, and for Hev b 8 a disulfide-linked homodimer was found. Comparing the structures we established that the longest loop is relevant for recognition by IgE antibodies, whereas the conserved regions are important for cross-reactivity. We produced a novel monoclonal murine IgE (mAb 2F5), specific for rHev b 8, which was useful to provide evidence that profilin dimerization considerably increases the IgE-mediated degranulation in rat basophilic leukemia cells.
Comparative transcriptome analysis of unripe and mid-ripe fruit of Mangifera indica (var. “Dashehari”) unravels ripening associated genes
Authors: Srivastava Smriti , Singh Rajesh K. , Pathak Garima , Goel Ridhi , Asif Mehar Hasan , Sane Aniruddha P. , Sane Vidhu A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractRipening in mango is under a complex control of ethylene. In an effort to understand the complex spatio-temporal control of ripening we have made use of a popular N. Indian variety “Dashehari” This variety ripens from the stone inside towards the peel outside and forms jelly in the pulp in ripe fruits. Through a combination of 454 and Illumina sequencing, a transcriptomic analysis of gene expression from unripe and midripe stages have been performed in triplicates. Overall 74,312 unique transcripts with ≥1 FPKM were obtained. The transcripts related to 127 pathways were identified in “Dashehari” mango transcriptome by the KEGG analysis. These pathways ranged from detoxification, ethylene biosynthesis, carbon metabolism and aromatic amino acid degradation. The transcriptome study reveals differences not only in expression of softening associated genes but also those that govern ethylene biosynthesis and other nutritional characteristics. This study could help to develop ripening related markers for selective breeding to reduce the problems of excess jelly formation during softening in the “Dashehari” variety.
Direct Observation of Interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction from Asymmetric Spin-wave Propagation in W/CoFeB/SiO2 Heterostructures Down to Sub-nanometer CoFeB Thickness
Authors: Chaurasiya Avinash Kumar , Banerjee Chandrima , Pan Santanu , Sahoo Sourav , Choudhury Samiran , Sinha Jaivardhan , Barman Anjan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractInterfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (IDMI) is important for its roles in stabilizing the skyrmionic lattice as well as soliton-like domain wall motion leading towards new generation spintronic devices. However, achievement and detection of IDMI is often hindered by various spurious effects. Here, we demonstrate the occurrence of IDMI originating primarily from W/CoFeB interface in technologically important W/CoFeB/SiO2 heterostructures using Brillouin light scattering technique. Due to the presence of IDMI, we observe asymmetry in the peak frequency and linewidth of the spin-wave spectra in the Damon-Eshbach (DE) geometry at finite k wave-vectors. The DMI constant is found to scale as the inverse of CoFeB thickness, over the whole studied thickness range, confirming the presence of IDMI in our system without any extrinsic effects. Importantly, the W/CoFeB interface shows no degradation down to sub-nanometer CoFeB thickness, which would be useful for devices that aim to use pronounced interface effects.
Deficits in attentional processing of fearful facial expressions in schizophrenic patients
Authors: Liu Yunzhe , Zhang Dandan , Zhao Yanli , Tan Shuping , Luo Yuejia 
Published: September 2016

AbstractImpaired attentional processing of negative facial expressions is prominent in schizophrenia and has been shown to be associated with patients’ social dysfunctions. However, little is known about when and which specific attention deficits influence social functions. Given the dynamic feature of attention, it is necessary to investigate the attention deficits in negative emotional processing unfolding in time. The current study used event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate the temporal dynamics of attention deficits in emotion perception and their potential relationship with emotional/social impairments in neuroleptic naive schizophrenic patients. Two specific attention deficits were identified and were found to be associated with emotional/social impairments. More specifically, the deficit in orienting attention (evidenced with the reduced P1 amplitude) was correlated with expressive deficits, while the deficit in executive control of attention (evidenced with the reduced P3 amplitude) was correlated with avolition/asociality. Together, these findings may provide novel insights into the core pathophysiological processes and offer objective biomarkers for specific emotional/social impairments in schizophrenia. It is also hoped that this study helps to bridge the gap between basic cognitive deficits and relative high-level social dysfunctions in schizophrenic patients.
Enhanced pinocembrin production in Escherichia coli by regulating cinnamic acid metabolism
Authors: Cao Weijia , Ma Weichao , Wang Xin , Zhang Bowen , Cao Xun , Chen Kequan , Li Yan , Ouyang Pingkai 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMicrobial biosynthesis of pinocembrin is of great interest in the area of drug research and human healthcare. Here we found that the accumulation of the pathway intermediate cinnamic acid adversely affected pinocembrin production. Hence, a stepwise metabolic engineering strategy was carried out aimed at eliminating this pathway bottleneck and increasing pinocembrin production. The screening of gene source and the optimization of gene expression was first employed to regulate the synthetic pathway of cinnamic acid, which showed a 3.53-fold increase in pinocembrin production (7.76 mg/L) occurred with the alleviation of cinnamic acid accumulation in the engineered E. coli. Then, the downstream pathway that consuming cinnamic acid was optimized by the site-directed mutagenesis of chalcone synthase and cofactor engineering. S165M mutant of chalcone synthase could efficiently improve the pinocembrin production, and allowed the product titer of pinocembrin increased to 40.05 mg/L coupled with the malonyl-CoA engineering. With a two-phase pH fermentation strategy, the cultivation of the optimized strain resulted in a final pinocembrin titer of 67.81 mg/L. The results and engineering strategies demonstrated here would hold promise for the titer improvement of other flavonoids.
Differential morphology and transcriptome profile between the incompletely fused carpels ovary and its wild-type in maize
Authors: Li Hongping , Wu Yufeng , Zhao Yali , Hu Xiuli , Chang Jianfeng , Wang Qun , Dong Pengfei , Zhang Moubiao , Li Chaohai 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe have isolated a new mutation in maize, incompletely fused carpels (ifc), which results in an open stylar canal on the ovary and an incomplete pericarp at the top of the kernel. The maize ovary derives from the fusion of three carpels; however, the molecular networks regulating maize carpel fusion remain largely unclear. In this study, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed on wild-type (WT) and ifc ovaries that were collected after carpel fusion defects could be morphologically distinguished. In total, 877 differentially expressed genes were identified. Functional analysis revealed overexpression of genes related to “DNA binding”, “transcription regulation”, “hormones”, and “stress responses”. Among the 88 differentially expressed transcription factor (TF) genes, five showed a high degree of conservation (77.7–88.0% amino acid identity) of their conserved domains with genes associated with carpel fusion deficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana, suggesting that these five genes might control carpel fusion in maize. In addition, 30 genes encoding components of hormone synthesis and signaling pathways were differentially expressed between ifc and WT ovaries, indicating complex hormonal regulation during carpel fusion. These results help elucidate the underlying mechanisms that regulate carpel fusion, supporting the functional analysis of genes involved in producing this phenotype.
Pseudo-time-reversal symmetry and topological edge states in two-dimensional acoustic crystals
Authors: Mei Jun , Chen Zeguo , Wu Ying 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe propose a simple two-dimensional acoustic crystal to realize topologically protected edge states for acoustic waves. The acoustic crystal is composed of a triangular array of core-shell cylinders embedded in a water host. By utilizing the point group symmetry of two doubly degenerate eigenstates at the Γ point, we can construct pseudo-time-reversal symmetry as well as pseudo-spin states in this classical system. We develop an effective Hamiltonian for the associated dispersion bands around the Brillouin zone center, and find the inherent link between the band inversion and the topological phase transition. With numerical simulations, we unambiguously demonstrate the unidirectional propagation of acoustic edge states along the interface between a topologically nontrivial acoustic crystal and a trivial one, and the robustness of the edge states against defects with sharp bends. Our work provides a new design paradigm for manipulating and transporting acoustic waves in a topologically protected manner. Technological applications and devices based on our design are expected in various frequency ranges of interest, spanning from infrasound to ultrasound.
Auditory Evoked Potential Mismatch Negativity in Normal-Hearing Adults
Authors: Schwade Laura , Didoné Dayane , Sleifer Pricila 
Published: September 2016

Introduction Mismatch Negativity (MMN) corresponds to a response of the central auditory nervous system.
Objective The objective of this study is to analyze MMN latencies and amplitudes in normal-hearing adults and compare the results between ears, gender and hand dominance.
Methods This is a cross-sectional study. Forty subjects participated, 20 women and 20 men, aged 18 to 29 years and having normal auditory thresholds. A frequency of 1000Hz (standard stimuli) and 2000Hz (deviant stimuli) was used to evoked the MMN.
Results Mean latencies in the right ear were 169.4ms and 175.3ms in the left ear, with mean amplitudes of 4.6µV in the right ear and 4.2µV in the left ear. There was no statistically significant difference between ears. The comparison of latencies between genders showed a statistically significant difference for the right ear, being higher in the men than in women. There was no significant statistical difference between ears for both right-handed and left-handed group. However, the results indicated that the latency of the right ear was significantly higher for the left handers than the right handers. We also found a significant result for the latency of the left ear, which was higher for the right handers.
Conclusion It was possible to obtain references of values for the MMN. There are no differences in the MMN latencies and amplitudes between the ears. Regarding gender, the male group presented higher latencies in relation to the female group in the right ear. Some results indicate that there is a significant statistical difference of the MMN between right- and left-handed individuals.