bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of invasive group A streptococcal puerperal sepsis in Calgary, Alberta: clinical consequences and policy implications
Authors: Qaddoura Amro , McQuiston Megan , Tyrrell Gregory , Croxen Matthew , Li Vincent , Demarco Rhonda , Pinfield Suzanne , Ramazanova Ruziyya , Hope Karen , Cairns Edith-Rose , MacDonald Judy , Hu Jia , Larios Oscar , Kim Joseph , Missaghi Bayan , Vayalumkal Joseph , Martin Irene , Marsten Valerie , Soucie Jennifer , Wilson Robert Douglas , Birch Colin , Conly John 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe analyzed invasive group A streptococcal puerperal sepsis cases in a large health zone in Alberta, Canada between 2013 and 2022. Of the 21 cases, 85.7% were adjudicated as hospital/delivery-acquired, with 2 clusters having identical isolates found through whole genome sequencing. We implemented policy interventions across Alberta aimed at preventing future infections.
How surface modifications enhance vertical falling film evaporation
Authors: Hidman Niklas , Åkesjö Anders , Gourdon Mathias , Jongsma Alfred , Ström Henrik , Sardina Gaetano , Sasic Srdjan 
Published: October 2024

We use multiphase direct numerical simulations to identify, analyse and quantify components of wall-normal heat flux distributions in evaporative vertical falling films with surface modifications at industrially relevant conditions. Previous experiments showed a potential increase of the heat transfer rate through the film by up to 100 % using various types of modifications. We show that the modifications induce significant advective heat transport and hypothesise that four synergistic mixing mechanisms are behind the heat transfer rate improvement. Additionally, we examine how the important surface topology parameters, pitch

$\hat {p}$

(distance between modifications), height

$\hat {h}$

and the liquid Prandtl number

$\mathit {Pr}_l$

, influence the mode of heat transport and the Nusselt number

$\mathit {Nu}$

. We show that

$\hat {p}/\hat {h} \approx 10$

maximises

$\mathit {Nu}$

and that the optimal pitch is related to the recirculation zone length

$L_r$

behind the modification. We find that

$L_r/\hat {h} \approx 3.5$

and that

$\mathit {Nu} \propto \mathit {Pr}_l^{0.42}$

in the investigated parameter ranges. We also show that all our cases on both smooth and modified surfaces have

$\mathit {Pe}_l \gg 1$

and collapse well on a line

$\mathit {Nu} \propto (\mathit {Pe}_l/\mathit {Re})^{0.35}$

. This relation suggests that

$\mathit {Nu}$

is governed by the balance of film mixing, thermal resistance and diffusivity, and that the ratio

$\mathit {Pe}_l/\mathit {Re}$

can be used to estimate

$\mathit {Nu}$

. Our methodology and findings extend the knowledge concerning the mechanisms behind the heat transfer improvement due to surface modifications and facilitate guidelines for designing more efficient modified surfaces in industrial evaporators.
Early acquisition of figurative meanings in polysemous nouns and verbs
Authors: Horvat Ana Werkmann , Štrkalj Despot Kristina , Hržica Gordana 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEarly research on the first language acquisition of figurative language indicated that figurative language comprehension and production skills develop relatively late, while recent studies contest this view. This study explores early production of metaphorical (e.g., shark meaning a rapacious crafty person) and metonymic (e.g., house meaning an organisation) meanings in English polysemous nouns and verbs by using the Braunwald corpus, which tracks a single child’s speech from the age of 1 year, 5 months to 7 years. We explore the initial production of these meanings, with respect to the age, order of acquisition and part of speech (noun vs. verb). Our study shows that children start using figurative meanings at a much earlier age than previously thought. In this early stage, metonymic meanings emerge earlier, while metaphorical meanings come a few months later. These findings challenge prior beliefs that children only develop figurative language skills at 3 years of age and show that it is not only the pre-figurative skills that develop early but also the production of very conventional types of figurative meaning, which might not necessarily require the completed development of the complex set of cognitive skills necessary for cross-domain comparison.
The Culprit-Hypothesis: how blame attribution influences the interpretation of expressive adjectives
Authors: Glauch Kalle 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFrazier and colleagues, in 2015, proposed the speech-act hypothesis as an inferentially rich pragmatic account for the interpretational flexibility of expressive adjectives (EAs) (e.g., damn, frigging). One pragmatic cue in EA interpretation proposed by Frazier and colleagues is the Culprit-Hypothesis, which predicts that the likelihood of EAs targeting the subject-referent of an utterance increases with the degree of its perceived culpability or blameworthiness in negative events. This article aims to refine the Culprit-Hypothesis by embedding it in a robust theoretical framework based on the psychological models of blame attribution and providing reliable empirical validation. Focusing on the role of intentionality, one of the major components of blame attribution, this article reports a forced-choice study investigating the influence of blameworthiness on EA interpretation. The study followed a 2$ \times $3 within-subject repeated measures design, with sentences manipulated by the factors intentionality (intentional versus unintentional versus underspecified) and EA placement (subject-internal versus object-internal) (The [damn] NOUN1 [intentionally$ \mid $unintentionally$ \mid $ϕ] verbs the [damn] NOUN2). Participants (n = 100) read the sentences and selected their preferred interpretation of the EA among the subject-referent, the object-referent and the event-referent. A generalized linear mixed effects model fitted to the data reveals that intentional actions are significantly more likely to result in subject-readings compared to unintentional actions, thus corroborating the Culprit-Hypothesis.
Evolution of cooperation in networks with well-connected cooperators
Authors: Brask Josefine Bohr , Brask Jonatan Bohr 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCooperative behavior constitutes a key aspect of human society and non-human animal systems, but explaining how cooperation evolves represents a major scientific challenge. It is now well established that social network structure plays a central role for the viability of cooperation. However, not much is known about the importance of the positions of cooperators in the networks for the evolution of cooperation. Here, we investigate how the spread of cooperation is affected by correlations between cooperativeness and individual social connectedness (such that cooperators occupy well-connected network positions). Using simulation models, we find that these correlations enhance cooperation in standard scale-free networks but not in standard Poisson networks. In contrast, when degree assortativity is increased such that individuals cluster with others of similar social connectedness, we find that Poisson networks can maintain high levels of cooperation, which can even exceed those of scale-free networks. We show that this is due to dynamics where bridge areas between social clusters act as barriers to the spread of defection. We also find that this positive effect on cooperation is sensitive to the presence of Trojan horses (defectors placed within cooperator clusters), which allow defection to invade. The results provide new knowledge about the conditions under which cooperation may evolve, and are also relevant to consider in regard to the design of cooperation studies.
Intra-ethnic divisions and disagreement over self-determination demands in ethnic movements
Authors: Gremler Frederik , Vogt Manuel , Weidmann Nils B. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Ethnic movements continue to challenge state governments globally, with many ethnic conflicts revolving around the status of groups’ territories. Yet, politically mobilized ethnic groups vary considerably in their territorial demands: some press for increased autonomy or even outright secession, while others do not make such demands at all and prefer integration in the existing state. What explains this divergence in ethnic group demands with respect to the group's territorial status? We argue that the expected benefits of ethno-regional autonomy or secession compared to integration in a centralized state differ across distinct segments within the group as a function of three structural factors: heterogeneity in the group's income sources, cultural divisions, and territorial fragmentation, leading to disagreement over self-determination demands between different political organizations representing the same ethnic group. We test our argument using an expanded version of the Ethnic Power Relations–Organizations (EPR-O) dataset. Our pre-registered study finds support for one of our hypotheses: heterogeneity in groups’ income sources increases disagreement over self-determination demands. This finding sheds new light on the structural sources of internal divisions within ethno-political movements.
A novel morphing soft robot design to minimize deviations
Authors: Ferrandy Varell , Garriga-Casanovas Arnau , Franco Enrico , Indrawanto  , Rodriguez y Baena Ferdinando , Mahyuddin Andi Isra , Virdyawan Vani 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSoft robotics is rapidly advancing, particularly in medical device applications. A particular miniaturized manipulator design that offers high dexterity, multiple degrees-of-freedom, and better lateral force rendering than competing designs, has great potential for minimally invasive surgery. However, it faces challenges such as the tendency to suddenly and unpredictably deviate in bending plane orientation at higher pressures. In this work, we identified the cause of this deviation as the buckling of the partition wall and proposed design alternatives along with their manufacturing process to address the problem without compromising the original design features. In both simulation and experiment, the novel design managed to achieve a better bending performance in terms of stiffness and reduced deviation of the bending plane. We also developed an artificial neural network-based inverse kinematics model to further improve the performance of the prototype during vectorization. This approach yielded mean absolute errors in orientation of the bending plane below
$5^{\circ }$
.
Approximation of subgraph counts in the uniform attachment model
Authors: Björklund Johan , Holmgren Cecilia , Janson Svante , Lo Tiffany Y. Y. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe use Stein’s method to obtain distributional approximations of subgraph counts in the uniform attachment model or random directed acyclic graph; we provide also estimates of rates of convergence. In particular, we give uni- and multi-variate Poisson approximations to the counts of cycles and normal approximations to the counts of unicyclic subgraphs; we also give a partial result for the counts of trees. We further find a class of multicyclic graphs whose subgraph counts are a.s. bounded as
$n\to \infty$
.
Lymphatic magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in children with repaired tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Holm-Weber Thomas , Mohanakumar Sheyanth , Helt Thora Wesenberg , Borgwardt Lotte , Borgwardt Lise , Juul Klaus , Christensen Vibeke B. , Hjortdal Vibeke E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroduction:Tetralogy of Fallot patients face an elevated risk of developing chylothorax and pleural effusions post-surgery. This patient group exhibits risk factors known to compromise the lymphatic system, such as elevated central venous pressure, pulmonary flow changes, and hypoxia. This study investigates the morphology and function of the lymphatic system in tetralogy of Fallot patients through lymphatic magnetic resonance imaging and near-infrared fluorescence imaging, respectively.Methods:Post-repair tetralogy of Fallot patients aged 6–18 years were recruited, along with age and gender-matched controls. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess the morphology of the thoracic lymphatic vessels and the thoracic, while near-infrared fluorescence imaging was used to assess lymphatic activity utilising lymph rate, velocity, and pressure.Results:Nine patients and 10 controls were included. Echocardiography revealed that 2/3 of the patients had moderate-severe pulmonary regurgitation, while none displayed signs of elevated central venous pressure. Magnetic resonance imaging identified three patients with type 3 (out of 4 types) lymphatic abnormalities, while controls had none. The thoracic ducts showed severe (one patient) and moderate (one patient) tortuosity. Mean thoracic duct diameters were 3.3 mm ±1.1 in patients and 3.0 mm ± 0.8 in controls (p-value = 0.53). Near-infrared fluorescence imaging revealed no anomalous patterns.Conclusion:Despite no presence of clinical lymphatic disease, 3/9 of the repaired tetralogy of Fallot patients exhibited lymphatic morphological abnormalities. The significance of these anomalies remains uncertain currently. Further research is needed to determine whether these lymphatic alterations in this patient cohort are a result of congenital malformations, haemodynamic shifts, or prenatal and early-life saturation levels.
ZETA INVARIANTS OF MORSE FORMS
Authors: Álvarez López Jesús A. , Kordyukov Yuri A. , Leichtnam Eric 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLet
$\eta $
be [-11pc] [-7pc]a closed real 1-form on a closed Riemannian n-manifold
$(M,g)$
. Let
$d_z$
,
$\delta _z$
and
$\Delta _z$
be the induced Witten’s type perturbations of the de Rham derivative and coderivative and the Laplacian, parametrized by
$z=\mu +i\nu \in \mathbb C$
(
$\mu ,\nu \in \mathbb {R}$
,
$i=\sqrt {-1}$
). Let
$\zeta (s,z)$
be the zeta function of
$s\in \mathbb {C}$
, defined as the meromorphic extension of the function
$\zeta (s,z)=\operatorname {Str}({\eta \wedge }\,\delta _z\Delta _z^{-s})$
for
$\Re s\gg 0$
. We prove that
$\zeta (s,z)$
is smooth at
$s=1$
and establish a formula for
$\zeta (1,z)$
in terms of the associated heat semigroup. For a class of Morse forms,
$\zeta (1,z)$
converges to some
$\mathbf {z}\in \mathbb {R}$
as
$\mu \to +\infty $
, uniformly on
$\nu $
. We describe
$\mathbf {z}$
in terms of the instantons of an auxiliary Smale gradient-like vector field X and the Mathai–Quillen current on
$TM$
defined by g. Any real 1-cohomology class has a representative
$\eta $
satisfying the hypothesis. If n is even, we can prescribe any real value for
$\mathbf {z}$
by perturbing g,
$\eta $
and X and achieve the same limit as
$\mu \to -\infty $
. This is used to define and describe certain tempered distributions induced by g and
$\eta $
. These distributions appear in another publication as contributions from the preserved leaves in a trace formula for simple foliated flows, giving a solution to a problem stated by C. Deninger.
Plus tree selection of Casuarina equisetifolia L. in eastern coastal plain of Odisha
Authors: Mohapatra Sourav Ranjan , Pujari Rashmi Ranjan , M.N. Ashwath , Panda L. R. Lakshmikanta 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCasuarina equisetifolia L. commonly called whistling pine is an economically and industrially important tree species with global significance. Although species possess versatile importance worldwide, efforts imparted for selection and designing a robust model of selection index are inadequate. The selection process, based on quantitative and qualitative traits, identified 15 superior trees from the eastern coastal plain of Odisha. These superior trees showcased exceptional qualitative and quantitative attributes. Correlation analysis highlighted key similarities among various traits like volume and above ground biomass (AGB), volume and diameter at breast height (DBH), DBH and AGB, DBH and Tree Height (TH), crown length (CL), height, AGB and height. Principal component analysis emphasized substantial contributions of traits like DBH, height, CL, crown width, AGB and volume across different clusters. Furthermore, culmination resulted in a comprehensive selection index, integrating both qualitative and quantitative characters, reaching 52.04, signifying superior performance among specific accessions. The current study provides valuable insights into selection and designing optimal selection index of C. equisetifolia, guiding future decisions concerning optimal wood production and resource management.
New 3D Velocity Model (mTAB3D) for Absolute Hypocenter Location in Southern Iberia and the Westernmost Mediterranean
Authors: Sánchez‐Roldán José Luis , Álvarez‐Gómez José A. , Martínez‐Díaz José J. , Herrero‐Barbero Paula , Perea Hector , Cantavella Juan V. , Lozano Lucía 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Trans‐Alboran Shear Zone is one of the most seismically active areas in the westernmost Mediterranean, where a wide variety of tectonic domains have developed within the context of oblique convergence between Eurasia and Africa plates. In this region, earthquakes occur close to seismogenic structures, some of them large enough to cause damaging events. In addition, the diversity of tectonic domains implies a lateral variation of seismic wave propagation, which could affect the hypocenter reliability if not addressed during the location procedure. We present mTAB3D, a new 3D P‐wave velocity created after data collection, geometry modeling and velocity estimation in our study area. To test this model, we used arrival times from the Spanish Seismic Network catalog and performed two non‐linear absolute hypocenter inversions: the first comprises all the seismicity detected during 2018–2022 in the Eastern Betics Shear Zone; the second one consists of the earthquakes recorded during the Al‐Hoceima seismic sequence (2016). We compare our results against hypocenters computed with a 1D velocity model of the region (mIGN1D) and observe that mTAB3D achieves better clustering near active structures and lower epicentral uncertainties (up to 11% lower). Moreover, hypocenters obtained with mTAB3D show notable reliability even in scenarios of a low azimuthal gap, such as the 2016 Al‐Hoceima sequence. The new catalogs computed with our model help us to infer possible genetic relations between seismicity and source faults within our study area and can be used as an additional tool when looking into prior seismic sequences.
Secondary Gravity Wave Propagation in Tropical Thermospheric Region: Role of Varying Kinematic Viscosity
Authors: Datta Soumen , Das Saurabh , Sunda Surendra 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe current study has investigated the thunderstorm induced atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs) over Indian region based on the perturbation signatures in ionospheric total electron content (TEC) measurement. Robust traveling ionospheric disturbance (TID) signature has been identified along the east side of the thunderstorm affected area. Neutral wind was found to have a favorable impact in this aspect for a certain time duration of the day by modulating the vertical wavelength. The role of temperature was analyzed in terms of kinematic viscosity which is a crucial component, especially over tropical region, for wave dissipation and reflection along its propagation path. Ray tracing algorithm is also applied with varying kinematic viscosity and thermal diffusivity for retrieval of possible ray paths and source location of observed waves. A statistical investigation has been carried out to identify the dissipation altitude of observed waves along the ray paths. It has been found that all waves dissipated at almost a constant altitude for a specific kinematic viscosity and above this altitude vertical wavelength was found to decrease. The ray paths interacted at a common point which was located at about 125 km altitude and was very close to the region of maximum lightning activity. It can also be noted that the observed phase velocities can't be achieved by a wave below the turbopause. It indicates that the observed waves were excited from a secondary source and not directly connected to convective system. The study provides an in‐depth analysis of mesoscale system induced gravity wave propagation and dissipation over tropical region.
Seasonal Variation of the Martian Dayside Ionosphere
Authors: Zhai Haohui , Ruan Haibing 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Martian ionosphere has many similarities and differences compared to Earth, attracting significant attention. This paper utilizes radio occultation data from the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS), Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution Mission (MAVEN), and ESA Mars Express mission (MEX), associated with the measurements from Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding (MARSIS) aboard MEX, to investigate the seasonal variation of the Martian dayside ionosphere. Data preprocessing is performed first to isolate the influence of solar zenith angle and solar radiation, the seasonal variation of the Martian dayside ionosphere explored in this study. The results suggest that the peak electron density reaches its minimum and maximum at LS = 70.2° and LS = 250.2°, respectively, with an amplitude of 16.5% concerning the average (LS is referred to as the solar longitude of Mars). The peak altitude experiences its minimum at LS = 78.4° and maximum at LS = 258.4°, and its relative amplitude is 12.1%. The outcomes suggest that the seasonal variations in the Martian ionosphere are primarily attributed to the Mars‐Sun distance change, which is different from the situation on Earth. This study will benefit both Martian ionosphere modeling and Earth’s ionosphere understanding in the future.
Machine Learning Predicts the Slip Duration and Friction Drop of Laboratory Earthquakes in Sheared Granular Fault
Authors: Wei Mengfan , Gao Ke 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPredicting laboratory earthquakes using machine learning has progressed markedly recently. Previous related studies mainly focus on predicting the occurrence time and shear stress of laboratory earthquakes using acoustic emission signals. Here, based on numerical simulations, we use machine learning to show that statistical features of plate motion signals contain information about the slip duration and friction drop of laboratory earthquakes. We find that the plate motion signals during the initial slip stage contain the precursor information about the slip duration of laboratory earthquakes. However, to accurately predict the friction drop, we need to incorporate the plate motion signals during the entire slip stage. The results demonstrate that the high‐order moment and variance of plate motion signals are respectively among the best predictors for the slip duration and friction drop of laboratory earthquakes. Our work provides new insights for future investigations into natural earthquake prediction through machine learning.