bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Changes in Facial Profile Following Structured Filler Rhinoplasty: An Anthropometric Analysis Using a 3-Dimensional Imaging System
Authors: Rho Nark Kyoung , Park Je Young , Youn Choon Shik , Lee Soo-Keun , Kim Hei Sung 
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND
Quantitative measurements are important for objective evaluation of postprocedural outcomes. Three-dimensional (3D) imaging is known as an objective, accurate, and reliable system for quantifying the soft tissue dimensions of the face.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the preprocedural and acute postprocedural nasofrontal, nasofacial, nasolabial, and nasomental angles, early changes in the height and length of the nose, and nasal volume using a 3D surface imaging with a light-emitting diode.

METHODS
The 3D imaging analysis of 40 Korean women who underwent structured nonsurgical rhinoplasty was conducted. The 3D assessment was performed before, immediately after, 1 day, and 2 weeks after filler rhinoplasty with a Morpheus 3D scanner (Morpheus Co., Seoul, Korea).

RESULTS
There were significant early changes in facial profile following nonsurgical rhinoplasty with a hyaluronic acid filler. An average increase of 6.03° in the nasofrontal angle, an increase of 3.79° in the nasolabial angle, increase of 0.88° in the nasomental angle, and a reduction of 0.83° in the nasofacial angle was observed at 2 weeks of follow-up. Increment in nasal volume and nose height was also found after 2 weeks. Side effects, such as hematoma, nodules, and skin necrosis, were not observed.

CONCLUSION
The 3D surface imaging quantitatively demonstrated the early changes in facial profile after structured filler rhinoplasty. The study results describe significant acute spatial changes in nose shape following treatment.
Reconstructive Surgery for Bronchopleural Fistula and Empyema: New Application of Free Fascial Patch Graft Combined with Free Flap
Authors: Sakuraba Minoru , Umezawa Hiroki , Miyamoto Shimpei , Fujiki Masahide , Higashino Takuya , Oshima Azusa , Tsuboi Masahiro 
Published: January 2017

Background:
Postoperative bronchopleural fistula (BPF) and empyema are not uncommon after lung cancer surgery. Some patients require reconstructive surgery to achieve wound healing. In this report, we describe a novel method of reconstructive surgery for BPF and empyema.

Methods:
From 1996 through 2014, we performed reconstructive surgery for the treatment of BPF and empyema in 13 cases. BPF or a pulmonary fistula was present in 11 patients at the time of reconstruction. Of these, a free fascial patch graft combined with a free soft tissue flap was used to close the fistula in 6 cases. In the other 5 cases, primary fistula closure or direct coverage of the fistula with a transferred flap was performed. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed, and postoperative results were compared for these methods.

Results:
All the flaps were transferred successfully except in 1 case. Although postoperative air leakage was observed in 5 cases, most of these healed with conservative management. Of 11 fistulas, 8 were successfully controlled. Although differences were not statistically significant, a higher success rate of fistula closure was obtained in patients with a fascial patch graft (100% vs 40%). As a result, 9 patients could be discharged from the hospital, but 4 died during their hospital stay.

Conclusion:
Although the incidence of in-hospital mortality was high, fistula closure with a fascial patch graft combined with free flap transfer was effective for the treatment of BPF and empyema, compared with other procedures.
FUNDUS AUTOFLUORESCENCE LIFETIMES AND CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY
Authors: Dysli Chantal , Berger Lieselotte , Wolf Sebastian , Zinkernagel Martin S. 
Published: January 2017

Purpose:
To quantify retinal fluorescence lifetimes in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and to identify disease specific lifetime characteristics over the course of disease.

Methods:
Forty-seven participants were included in this study. Patients with central serous chorioretinopathy were imaged with fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence, optical coherence tomography, and fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy (FLIO) and compared with age-matched controls. Retinal autofluorescence was excited using a 473-nm blue laser light and emitted fluorescence light was detected in 2 distinct wavelengths channels (498–560 nm and 560–720 nm). Clinical features, mean retinal autofluorescence lifetimes, autofluorescence intensity, and corresponding optical coherence tomography (OCT) images were further analyzed.

Results:
Thirty-five central serous chorioretinopathy patients with a mean visual acuity of 78 ETDRS letters (range, 50–90; mean Snellen equivalent: 20/32) and 12 age-matched controls were included. In the acute stage of central serous chorioretinopathy, retinal fluorescence lifetimes were shortened by 15% and 17% in the respective wavelength channels. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that fluorescence lifetimes were significantly influenced by the disease duration (P < 0.001) and accumulation of photoreceptor outer segments (P = 0.03) but independent of the presence or absence of subretinal fluid. Prolonged central macular autofluorescence lifetimes, particularly in eyes with retinal pigment epithelial atrophy, were associated with poor visual acuity.

Conclusion:
This study establishes that autofluorescence lifetime changes occurring in central serous chorioretinopathy exhibit explicit patterns which can be used to estimate perturbations of the outer retinal layers with a high degree of statistical significance.
LOW ENDOPHTHALMITIS RATES AFTER INTRAVITREAL ANTI-VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR INJECTIONS IN AN OPERATION ROOM
Authors: Freiberg Florentina J. , Brynskov Troels , Munk Marion R. , Sørensen Torben L. , Wolf Sebastian , Wirth Magdalena A. , Becker Matthias , Michels Stephan 
Published: January 2017

Purpose:
To evaluate the rate of presumed endophthalmitis (EO) after intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections in three European hospitals performed in an operation room (OR) under sterile conditions.

Methods:
A retrospective multicenter study between 2003 and 2016 at three European sites, City Hospital Triemli Zurich, Switzerland (CHT), Zealand University Hospital Roskilde, Denmark (ZUH) and University Clinic Bern, Switzerland (UCB). Intravitreal injection (IVI) database of each department was reviewed. All anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections were performed using a standardized sterile technique in an operation room. Injection protocols were similar between the three sites. No preinjection antibiotics were given. Postoperative antibiotics varied among sites.

Results:
A total of 134,701 intravitreal injections were performed at the 3 sites between 2003 and 2016. Ten cases of presumed endophthalmitis were documented: 4 in 50,721 at CHT (95% CI: 0.0071–0.0087%), 2 in 44,666 at ZUH (95% CI: 0.0039–0.0051%), and 4 in 39,314 at UCB (95% CI: 0.0092–0.011%). This results in one case in 13,470 intravitreal injections and a combined incidence of 0.0074% per injection (95% CI: 0.0070–0.0078%). Positive cultures were found in 4 out of 10 presumed endophthalmitis cases.

Conclusion:
The standardized sterile technique in an operation room with laminar airflow showed very low rates of endophthalmitis at three European sites.
Totally Endoscopic Robotic Left Atrial Appendage Closure Demonstrates High Success Rate
Authors: Ward Alison F. , Applebaum Robert M. , Toyoda Nana , Fakiha Ans , Neuburger Peter J. , Ngai Jennie , Nampiaparampil Robert G. , Yaffee David W. , Loulmet Didier F. , Grossi Eugene A. 
Published: January 2017

Objective In patients with atrial fibrillation, 90% of embolic strokes originate from the left atrial appendage (LAA). Successful exclusion of the LAA is associated with a lower stroke rate in patients with atrial fibrillation. Surgical oversewing of the LAA is often incomplete when evaluated with transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE). External closure techniques of suturing and stapling have also demonstrated high failure rates with persistent flow and large stumps. We hypothesized that the precise visualization of a robotic LAA closure (RLAAC) would result in superior closure rates. Methods Before robotic mitral repair, patients underwent RLAAC; the base of the LAA was oversewn using a running 4–0 polytetrafluoroethylene suture in two layers. Postoperatively, the LAA was interrogated in multiple TEE views. Incomplete closure was defined as any flow across the LAA suture line or a residual stump of greater than 1 cm. Results Seventy-nine consecutive patients underwent RLAAC; no injuries occurred. On postrepair TEE, 73 of 79 patients had LAAs visualized well enough to thoroughly evaluate. Successful ligation was confirmed in 64 (87.7%) of 73 patients. Seven patients (9.6%) had small jet flow into the LAA; no residual stumps were noted. Two patients (2.7%) had undetermined flow. Conclusions We have demonstrated excellent success with RLAAC; we postulate that this may be due to improved intracardiac visualization. Robotic LAA closure was more successful (87.7%) than previously reported results from the Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Study for suture exclusion (45.5%) and staple closure (72.7%). With success rates equivalent to transcatheter device closures, RLAAC should be considered for robotic mitral valve surgical patients.
Reliability and Validity of Athletes Disability Index Questionnaire
Authors: Noormohammadpour Pardis , Hosseini Khezri Alireza , Farahbakhsh Farzin , Mansournia Mohammad Ali , Smuck Matthew , Kordi Ramin 
Published: January 2017

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate validity and reliability of a new proposed questionnaire for assessment of functional disability in athletes with low back pain (LBP).

Design:
Validity and reliability study.

Setting:
Elite athletes participating in different fields of sports.

Participants:
Participants were 165 male and female athletes (between 12 and 50 years old) with LBP.

Interventions:
Athlete Disability Index (ADI) Questionnaire which is developed by the authors for assessing LBP-related disability in athletes, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RDQ).

Main Outcome Measures:
Self-reported responses were collected regarding LBP-related disability through ADI, ODI, and RDQ.

Results:
The test–retest reliability was strong, and intraclass correlation value ranged between 0.74 and 0.94. The Cronbach alpha coefficient value of 0.91 (P < 0.001) demonstrated excellent internal consistency of the questionnaire. The correlation coefficient between ADI and ODI was r = 0.918 (P < 0.0001), between ADI and RDQ was r = 0.669 (P < 0.0001), and between ADI and visual analog scale was r = 0.626 (P < 0.001). According to ODI and RDQ, disability levels were mild in the large majority of subjects (91.5% and 86.0%, respectively). Alternatively, disability assessments by the ADI did not cluster at the mild level and ranged more broadly from mild to very high.

Conclusion:
The ADI is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing disability in athletes with LBP. Compared with the available LBP disability questionnaires used in the general population, ADI can more precisely stratify the disability levels of athletes due to LBP.
The HDL cholesterol/apolipoprotein A-I ratio: an indicator of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Rhee Eun-Jung , Byrne Christopher D. , Sung Ki-Chul 
Published: January 2017

Purpose of reviewIn multiple studies, the HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration has been shown to be inversely associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CVD risk. Based on this observation, increasing the plasma HDL-C concentration is thought to be a desirable strategy, in the 21st century, for decreasing the burden of CVD.Recent findingsRecent studies have shown that powerful HDL-C concentration-increasing drugs are ineffective for decreasing CVD. Increasing evidence now shows that HDL is an unstable and heterogeneous particle, and that ‘HDL particle functionality’ is far more important in atheroprotection than is the HDL-C level, alone. Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) is the major protein component of HDL, and increasing evidence suggests that the ratio of HDL-C to apoA-I may give additional insight as a risk marker not just for CVD but also for all-cause and cancer mortality.SummaryIn this review, we discuss the importance of HDL composition, apoA-I levels, and the HDL-C/apoA-I ratio for predicting CVD and mortality outcomes.
Could high-density lipoprotein cholesterol predict increased cardiovascular risk?
Authors: Chang Tae Ik , Streja Elani , Moradi Hamid 
Published: January 2017

Purpose of review
Serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is considered to be protective against cardiovascular disease. However, there is emerging evidence that under certain conditions the HDL molecule can become dysfunctional and proinflammatory, paradoxically leading to increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This review will provide a brief outline of the potential mechanisms by which HDL can become atherogenic and summarize some of the clinical evidence on this topic.

Recent findings
HDL metabolism, structure, and function in addition to its level can be profoundly altered under conditions of marked oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. These abnormalities, in turn, lead to impaired reverse cholesterol transport, increased systemic oxidative stress/inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction that subsequently may contribute to atherogenesis and progression of cardiovascular disease.

Summary
Association of serum HDL cholesterol level with outcomes is not only dependent on its serum concentration but also on the qualities/properties of this lipoprotein at a given point in time. Hence, it is essential that future studies examining association of HDL with risk of cardiovascular disease take into account the complexities of HDL metabolism and function and address the impact of the HDL particle as a whole (quantity as well as various properties) on atherosclerosis and cardiovascular outcomes.
Is a β cell a β cell?
Authors: Yang Chaoxing , Galivo Feorillo , Dorrell Craig 
Published: January 2017

Purpose of review
This report examines recent publications identifying phenotypic and functional heterogeneity among pancreatic β cells and investigating their potential roles in normal and abnormal islet function. The development of new methods and tools for the study of individual islet cells has produced a surge of interest in this topic.

Recent findings
Studies of β cell maturation and pregnancy-induced proliferation have identified changes in serotonin and transcription factors SIX2/3 expression as markers of temporal heterogeneity. Structural and functional heterogeneity in the form of functionally distinct ‘hub’ and ‘follower’ β cells was found in mouse islets. Heterogeneous expression of Fltp (in mouse β cells) and ST8SIA1 and CD9 (in human β cells) were associated with distinct functional potential. Several impressive reports describing the transcriptomes of individual β cells were also published in recent months. Some of these reveal previously unknown β cell subpopulations.

Summary
A wealth of information on functional and phenotypic heterogeneity has been collected recently, including the transcriptomes of individual β cells and the identities of functionally distinct β cell subpopulations. Several studies suggest the existence of two broad categories: a more proliferative but less functional and a less proliferative but more functional β cell type. The identification of functionally distinct subpopulations and their association with type 2 diabetes underlines the potential clinical importance of these investigations.
Reliability of the revised Swiss Emergency Triage Scale: a computer simulation study
Authors: Rutschmann Olivier T. , Hugli Olivier W. , Marti Christophe , Grosgurin Olivier , Geissbuhler Antoine , Kossovsky Michel , Simon Josette , Sarasin François P. 
Published: January 2017

Background
The Swiss Emergency Triage Scale (SETS) is a four-level emergency scale that previously showed moderate reliability and high rates of undertriage due to a lack of standardization. It was revised to better standardize the measurement and interpretation of vital signs during the triage process.

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore the inter-rater and test–retest reliability, and the rate of correct triage of the revised SETS.

Patients and methods
Thirty clinical scenarios were evaluated twice at a 3-month interval using an interactive computerized triage simulator by 58 triage nurses at an urban teaching emergency department admitting 60 000 patients a year. Inter-rater and test–retest reliabilities were determined using κ statistics. Triage decisions were compared with a gold standard attributed by an expert panel. Rates of correct triage, undertriage, and overtriage were computed. A logistic regression model was used to identify the predictors of correct triage.

Results
A total of 3387 triage situations were analyzed. Inter-rater reliability showed substantial agreement [mean κ: 0.68; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.60–0.78] and test–retest almost perfect agreement (mean κ: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.84–0.88). The rate of correct triage was 84.1%, and rates of undertriage and overtriage were 7.2 and 8.7%, respectively. Vital sign measurement was an independent predictor of correct triage (odds ratios for correct triage: 1.29 for each additional vital sign measured, 95% CI: 1.20–1.39).

Conclusion
The revised SETS incorporating standardized vital sign measurement and interpretation during the triage process resulted in high reliability and low rates of mistriage.
Can any patients with chronic myeloid leukemia outside of a clinical trial have their tyrosine kinase inhibitor discontinued?
Authors: Mauro Michael J. 
Published: January 2017

Purpose of review
This article critically appraises the state of treatment-free remission as a strategy for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in deep remission after therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).

Recent findings
Approximately half of patients with CML defined fairly narrowly by trial criteria – TKI sensitive, in deep molecular remission for a defined period – can successfully maintain protective levels of response after TKI cessation. Those who cannot appear at very low risk of disease control loss and can promptly regain remission with TKI resumption. Increasing numbers of patients followed longer term in trials have proven as well as a lack of additional late relapse in either group and that ‘functional cure’ of CML is feasible. Both the definition of remission sufficient to attempt treatment-free remission and the trigger to resume treatment have been relaxed somewhat while outcomes have remained the same. Based on repeated confirmatory data, economic pressures, and pragmatism, the question of feasibility and safety of TKI cessation outside of clinical trials is at hand.

Summary
TKI cessation outside of clinical trials, if performed under strict guidelines, utilizing optimal monitoring techniques, with counsel available from experts in the field, and after full disclosure of the risks and benefits with the patient, may be safe (see video, supplemental digital content 1, which summarizes the abstract and offers the author's perspective,

http://links.lww.com/COH/A15
).
Anti–Müllerian Hormone Levels in Chinese Women Younger Than 30 Years and 30 Years or Older and Correlated Biochemical Indices
Authors: Zhu Jieping , Wang Jun , Chen Yu , Ji Yuqin , Xiong Miao 
Published: January 2017

Importance
Anti–müllerian hormone (AMH) is considered an important marker of ovarian reserve; however, the exact function of AMH has yet to be determined.

Objective
Our purpose was to investigate factors correlated with AMH levels in Chinese women.

Evidence Acquisition
Healthy women were divided into 2 groups: aged younger than 30 years and 30 years or older. Anti–müllerian hormone levels and biochemical indices were compared between the groups.

Results
Eighty women younger than 30 and 29 women 30 years or older were included. The mean AMH level in women younger than 30 years was 8.2 ± 4.4 ng/mL (range, 0.1–17.2 ng/mL), and in those 30 years or older was 5.2 ± 4.3 ng/mL (range, 0.1–13.3 ng/mL). Half of women younger than 30 years had an AMH level above a median of 8.0 ng/mL (interquartile range, 4.9–11.2 ng/mL), whereas the median in those 30 years or older was 4.6 ng/mL (interquartile range, 1.3–8.5 ng/mL). In women younger than 30 years, calcium was positively correlated (P = 0.014) and sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) was negatively correlated with AMH (P < 0.001). No correlations of calcium and SHBG with AMH were found in women 30 years or older, but a positive correlation between triglycerides and testosterone and AMH was noted (P = 0.020 and P = 0.007, respectively).

Conclusions and Relevance
Anti–müllerian hormone levels are positively or negatively correlated with testosterone, calcium, SHBG, and triglycerides in Chinese women.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians.

Learning Objectives
After completing this activity, the learner should be better able to investigate the factors that affect AMH level in Chinese women, the relation of age and AMH level in Chinese women, and the correlations between AMH level and other biochemical indices.
Utility of Postoperative Voiding Cystourethrogram After Lower Urinary Tract Repair
Authors: Bochenska Katarzyna , Zyczynski Halina M. 
Published: January 2017

(Abstracted from Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg 2016;22:369–372)
Prolonged use of indwelling catheters in women following lower urinary tract (LUT) surgery is uncomfortable, inhibits postoperative activity, and is the strongest risk factor for catheter-associated urinary tract infection. Voiding cystourethrograms (VCUGs) have been used postoperatively to confirm LUT integrity following surgical repair.
Prognostic Factors for Overall Survival in Elderly Patients With Advanced Ovarian Cancer Treated With Chemotherapy: Results of a Pooled Analysis of Three GINECO Phase II Trials
Authors: Tinquaut Fabien , Freyer Gilles , Chauvin Franck , Gane Nicolas , Pujade-Lauraine Eric , Falandry Claire 
Published: January 2017

(Abstracted from Gynecol Oncol 2016;143:22–26)
The high morbidity associated with epithelial ovarian cancer is due to its diagnosis in most patients at advanced stages (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics [FIGO] stages III/IV). Women 75 to 79 years old have the highest reported incidence and mortality from epithelial ovarian cancer.
A Dynamic Quality Assessment Tool for Laparoscopic Hysterectomy to Measure Surgical Outcomes
Authors: Driessen Sara R. C. , van Zwet Erik W. , Haazebroek Pascal , Sandberg Evelien M. , Blikkendaal Mathijs D. , Twijnstra Andries R. H. , Jansen Frank Willem 
Published: January 2017

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016;215:754.e1–754.e8)
Measuring health outcomes is essential to improve the quality of delivered care. In an attempt to differentiate between high- and low-quality health care, a large number of quality indicators have been developed.
A New Minimally Invasive Treatment for Cesarean Scar Pregnancy and Cervical Pregnancy
Authors: Timor-Tritsch Ilan E. , Monteagudo Ana , Bennett Terri-Ann , Foley Christine , Ramos Joanne , Kaelin Agten Andrea 
Published: January 2017

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016;215:351.e1–351.e8)
The occurrence of cesarean scar pregnancy and cervical pregnancy, unrelated forms of pathological pregnancies, present significant diagnostic and treatment challenges. A large number of treatments have been used with widely varying effectiveness and complication rates ranging from 10% to 62%.