bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pemanfaatan Daun Sendok (Plantago Major L.) Untuk Pengobatan Asam Urat Masyarakat Jalan Tirtasari 1 Kelurahan Margasari Kecamatan Buahbatu
Authors: Fadhila Rahma Irawan  , Tri Cahyanto  
Published: September 2024

One of the potential plants that can be utilized as traditional medicine is spoon leaves. broadleaf plantain (Plantago major L.) are included in the category of wild plants or wild medicinal plants. This study aims to examine the use of broadleaf plantain or ki urat leaves as a treatment for gout arthritis in the Tirtasari community, Margasari village, Buahbatu sub-district. The method used in this study is an observation technique, namely interviews with a sampling of 15 selected through pursive sampling techniques and documentation and literature study approaches. The broadleaf plantain in the Tirtasari community this plant is called ki urat leaf can be found in a variety of habitats, including in fields, roadsides, gardens, and other open areas. The results of this research found that the Tirtasari community has two ways of using this broadleaf plantain for alternative treatment of gout arthritis, namely 9 samples using direct rubbing and 6 samples using the results of mashed spoon leaves that are rubbed on the body that feels sore. These two ways of use have the same treatment effect but differ in texture and absorbency. This broadleaf plantain has many compounds that are beneficial to the health of the body, namely anti-inflammatory, diuretic, and antioxidant compounds.
KẾT QUẢ KIỂM SOÁT NHIỄM KHUẨN TRONG PHẪU THUẬT TUYẾN GIÁP KHÔNG SỬ DỤNG KHÁNG SINH DỰ PHÒNG TẠI BỆNH VIỆN TRUNG ƯƠNG QUÂN ĐỘI 108
Authors: Ngô Vi Hải , Lê Hải Sơn , Nguyễn Văn Xuân Hà , Bùi Ngọc Huệ , Trần Đức Tuấn , Ngô Thị Bích Thanh , Nguyễn Thị Thu Hiền , Pham Ngọc Sơn , Nguyễn Viết Thanh , Đặng Trung Dũng 
Published: September 2024

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá kết quả kiểm soát nhiễm khuẩn vết mổ trong phẫu thuật tuyến giáp không sử dụng kháng sinh dự phòng tại Bệnh viện Trung ương Quân đội 108. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu tiến cứu 396 bệnh nhân được phẫu thuật tuyến giáp không sử dụng kháng sinh dự phòng từ 01/2022 – 06/2023 tại khoa Ngoại Lồng ngực – Bệnh viện Trung ương Quân đội 108. Kết quả: Có 396 bệnh nhân phẫu thuật tuyến giáp không sử dụng kháng sinh dự phòng, trong đó 339 nữ và 52 nam, tỷ lệ nữ/nam là 6,6/1. Tuổi trung bình của nhóm nghiên cứu là 44,7 ± 14,3. Bệnh lý ung thư tuyến giáp chiếm tỷ lệ cao nhất 82,3%. Tỷ lệ cắt toàn bộ tuyến giáp ± vét hạch cổ trung tâm là cao nhất (43,9%). Thời gian phẫu thuật trung bình là 87,3 ± 19,4 phút, thời gian hậu phẫu trung bình là 2,3 ± 1,7 ngày. Có 11 bệnh nhân chuyển kháng sinh điều trị sau phẫu thuật. Vết mổ liền kỳ đầu bình thường là 92,9%. Có 2 bệnh nhân nhiễm khuẩn vết mổ phải điều trị kháng sinh (0,51%). Kết luận: Phẫu thuật tuyến giáp không sử dụng kháng sinh dự phòng có kết quả tốt trong việc ngăn ngừa nhiễm trùng vết mổ, giúp giảm chi phí và giảm tỷ lệ kháng kháng sinh trong bệnh viện.
ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG VÀ KẾT QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ PHẪU THUẬT UNG THƯ DẠ DÀY THỦNG VÀ THỦNG Ổ LOÉT DẠ DÀY - TÁ TRÀNG TRÊN BỆNH NHÂN ĐANG ĐIỀU TRỊ BỆNH LÝ UNG THƯ
Authors: Thái Nguyên Hưng , Mai Văn Hạnh 
Published: September 2024

Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: 1. Mô tả đặc điểm lâm sàng (LS), cận lâm sàng (CLS) của thủng ung thư dạ dày (UTDD) và thủng ổ loét dạ dày-tá tràng (DD-TT)/ bệnh nhân đang điều trị bệnh lý ung thư. 2. Đánh giá kết quả phẫu thuật thủng UTDD và thủng ổ loét DD-TT. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu (NC): + Phương pháp NC: mô tả hồi cứu. + Đối tương NC: BN không phân biệt tuổi, giới, được chẩn đoán và phẫu thuật thủng UTDD hoặc thủng ổ loét DD-TT/ BN đang điều trị các bệnh lý ung thư (UT) tại BV K. Kết quả NC: 46 BN; Nam 42 BN (91,3%), nữ 4 BN (8,7%). Tuổi TB 59,71T. Nhóm BN thủng UTDD (n = 26) Tuổi TB 60, 68T; Nhóm BN thủng ổ loét DD-TT (n = 20) Tuổi TB 58,7 T. Triệu chứng: 35 BN (76%) đau bụng dữ dội, bụng co cứng, 4 BN (8,7%) thủng/ xuất huyết tiêu hóa (XHTH). Chụp bụng đứng: 76% có liềm hơi. CLVT 76% có dịch, khí OB; 1 BN có ổ apxe (dịch, khí) cạnh bờ cong lớn, 22 BN (84,6%) dày thành dạ dày (DD) và hạch ổ bụng (OB). Nội soi dạ dày (NSDD) 42,3% phát hiện UTDD. Kết quả phẫu thuật (PT): + 26 BN thủng UTDD: 23 BN cắt gần toàn bộ dạ dày (GTBDD) vét hạch 1 thì, 1 BN cắt toàn bộ dạ dày (TBDD), lách, thân đuôi tụy; 1 BN khâu thủng UTDD, 1BN PT Newmann ++ 88,5% UT phần xa DD. Số hạch nạo vét TB 12,88 hạch / BN; 65,4% UTDD thủng GĐ III-IV. + 20 BN thủng DD-TT: 6 BN thủng loét DD, 10 BN thủng loét tá tràng, 4 BN thủng loét kising ulcer mặt sau tá tràng vào đầu tụy và động mạch vị tá tràng, đường mật; 6 BN được PTNS khâu thủng (5 BN loét tá tràng,1BN loét thân vị), 1 BN cắt 2/3 DD; 4 BN thủng/ XHTH (Kissing ulcer) cắt 2/3 DD, DL mỏm tá tràng (1 DL kehr). Tử vong (TV) và biến chứng: + 1 BN tử vong; + Biến chứng: 8,6%; 1BN apxe tồn dư điều trị nội, 1 BN rò mật điều trị nội, 1 BN tắc ruột do dính (mổ lại), 1 BN chảy máu (< 24 h) mổ lại. (nhóm UTDD 3/26 BN U↔ 11,5%; nhóm thủng loét DD-TT 1/20 BN ↔ 5%). Kết luận: - UTDD thủng nên mổ 2 thì để đạt được diện cắt R0 với tỷ lệ cao, tăng số hạch nạo vét được, giảm tỷ lệ tử vong và biến chứng, có thể đạt được thời gian sống 5 năm cao (50%). + Thì 1: Khâu lỗ thủng, làm sạch ổ bụng qua PTNS hay mổ mở. + Thì 2: Mổ cắt DD triệt căn, nạo vét hạch D2. Không nên cắt dạ dày không triệt căn hay palliative trong điều kiện viêm phúc mạc. Mổ khâu lỗ thủng hay cắt DD (diện cắt R1-R2) có thời gian sống thêm ngắn. - Thủng loét DD-TT/ BN đang điều trị ung thư nên PTNS khâu thủng, hút rửa bụng (có thể cắt TK X, nối vị tràng). Trường hợp ổ loét mặt sau tá tràng (kissing ulcer) thủng vào thủng vào đầu tụy, ĐM. vị tá tràng hay đường mật nên cắt đoạn DD/ lấy hoặc loại trừ ổ loét thủng ra khỏi đường tiêu hóa, DL mỏm tá tràng (DL đường mật).
ĐÁNH GIÁ HIỆU QUẢ DỰ PHÒNG BUỒN NÔN, NÔN SAU PHẪU THUẬT CẮT RUỘT THỪA NỘI SOI CỦA ONDANSETRON PHỐI HỢP DEXAMETHASONE
Authors: Nguyễn Tiến Đức , Phan Quốc Thành 
Published: September 2024

Mục tiêu: So sánh hiệu quả dự phòng nôn, buồn nôn sau phẫu thuật cắt ruột thừa nội soi của ondansetron và ondansetron phối hợp dexamethasone, tại Bệnh viện Quân y 175, từ tháng 01/2021 đến tháng 05/2022. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu tiến cứu, mô tả, so sánh 2 nhóm. Nhóm O: sử dụng ondansetron 4mg và Nhóm OD: sử dụng ondansetron 4mg phối hợp dexamethasone 4mg. Kết quả: Tỉ lệ buồn nôn sau phẫu thuật nhóm O là 6,1%; nhóm OD là 6,1%; Tỉ lệ nôn sau phẫu thuật nhóm O là 6,1%; nhóm OD là 4,1%, khác biệt không có ý nghĩa thống kê. Có 2,1% bệnh nhân thuộc nhóm OD phải “giải cứu nôn”, không có bệnh nhân nào thuộc nhóm O phải “giải cứu nôn”, sự khác biệt không có ý nghĩa thống kê. Kết luận: Không có sự khác biệt rõ ràng về hiệu quả dự phòng buồn nôn, nôn của ondansetron phối hợp dexamethasone so với sử dụng ondansetron đơn thuần.
ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG BỆNH VIÊM DẠ DÀY RUỘT TĂNG BẠCH CẦU ÁI TOAN Ở TRẺ EM
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Thu Hiền , Nguyễn Lợi , Nguyễn Thị Việt Hà 
Published: September 2024

Viêm dạ dày ruột tăng bạch cầu ái toan là bệnh viêm mạn tính có thâm nhiễm bạch cầu ái toan ở đường tiêu hóa. Mục tiêu: Mô tả đặc điểm lâm sàng, cận lâm sàng bệnh viêm dạ dày ruột tăng bạch cầu ái toan ở trẻ em. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả loạt ca bệnh được tiến hành trên 61 trẻ em mắc viêm dạ dày ruột tăng bạch cầu ái toan tại Bệnh viện Nhi Trung ương từ 01/07/2023 đến 31/03/2024. Kết quả: Các triệu chứng lâm sàng thường gặp nhất là đau bụng (75,4%), thay đổi tính chất phân (49,2%) và sụt cân (39,3%). Tỷ lệ các biến chứng xuất huyết tiêu hóa và thủng ruột lần lượt là 16,4% và 6,6%. Tổn thương trên nội soi thường gặp là xung huyết, lần sần hạt, đốm đỏ và loét. Tăng bạch cầu ái toan máu ngoại vi được quan sát thấy ở 31 bệnh nhân (50,8%). Tăng IgE máu và calprotectin phân chiếm tỷ lệ lần lượt là 56,8% và 24,1%. 8,6% có hình ảnh nội soi bình thường nhưng thâm nhiễm bạch cầu ái toan trên mô bệnh học. 13% bệnh nhân viêm thâm nhiễm bạch cầu ái toan đồng thời nhiều vị trí trên đường tiêu hóa
Clinical predictors of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections: A healthcare system analysis
Authors: Singh Harjinder , Sheth Radhika , Bhatia Mehakmeet , Muhammad Abdullah , Bachour Candi , Metcalf David , Kak Vivek 
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCTION This study was performed to identify patient factors associated with hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (HABSI) to guide blood culture collection and empiric antibiotic therapy. METHODS A retrospective case-control study reviewed the medical records of 350 patients admitted to our health system from September 2017 to April 2020. The patients were 18 years and older and had at least one set of new positive non-contaminant blood cultures collected after 48 hours of admission, defined as HABSI. We developed clinical variables through a literature review associated with it. Univariate relationships between each variable and bacteremia were evaluated by chi-square test. A predictive model was developed through stepwise multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS The univariate analysis and stepwise regression analysis showed that temperature >100.4° F (OR: 1.9, CI 1.1 to 3.4), male sex (OR: 1.8, CI 1.0 to 3.0), and platelet count <150,000/µL (OR: 1.8, CI 1.0 to 3.2) were statistically associated with a positive blood culture. CONCLUSIONS This model helps identify patients with clinical characteristics associated with the likelihood of HABSI. This model can help guide the appropriate initiation of empiric antibiotics in clinical situations and assist with antibiotic stewardship.
Large structure simulation for landscape evolution models
Authors: Coatléven Julien , Chauveau Benoit 
Published: September 2024

Abstract. The aim of this paper is to discuss the efficiency of a new methodology to maintain the accuracy of numerical solutions obtained from our landscape evolution model (LEM). As in every LEM, the tricky part is the coupling between water and sediment flows that drives the nonlinear self-amplification mechanisms. But this coupling is also responsible for the emergence and amplification of numerical errors, as we illustrate here. These numerical instabilities being strongly reminiscent of turbulence-induced instabilities in computational fluid dynamics (CFD), we introduce a “large structure simulation” (LSS) approach for LEM, mimicking the large eddy simulation (LESs) used for turbulent CFD. In practice, this treatment consists in a filtering strategy that controls small-scale perturbations in the solution. We demonstrate the accuracy of the LSS approach in the context of our LEM.
Karst aquifer discharge response to rainfall interpreted as anomalous transport
Authors: Elhanati Dan , Goeppert Nadine , Berkowitz Brian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract. The discharge measured in karst springs is known to exhibit distinctive long tails during recession times following distinct short-duration discharge peaks. The long-tailed behavior is generally attributed to the occurrence of tortuous, ramified flow paths that develop in the underground structure of karst systems. Modeling the discharge behavior poses unique difficulties because of the poorly delineated flow path geometry and generally scarce information on the hydraulic properties of catchment-scale systems. In a different context, modeling of long-tailed behavior has been addressed in studies of chemical transport. Here, an adaptation of a continuous time random walk–particle tracking (CTRW-PT) framework for anomalous transport is proposed, which offers a robust means to quantify long-tailed breakthrough curves that often arise during the transport of chemical species under various flow scenarios. A theoretical analogy is first established between partially water-saturated karst flow, characterized by temporally varying water storage, and chemical transport involving the accumulation and release of a chemical tracer. This analogy is then used to develop and implement a CTRW-PT model. Application of this numerical model to the examination of 3 years of summer rainfall and discharge data from a karst aquifer system – the Disnergschroef high-alpine site in the Austrian Alps – is shown to yield robust fits between modeled and measured discharge values. In particular, the analysis underscores the predominance of slow diffusive flow over rapid conduit flow. The study affirms the analogy between partially saturated karst flow and chemical transport, exemplifying the compatibility of the CTRW-PT model for this purpose. Within the specific context of the Disnergschroef karst system, these findings highlight the predominance of slow diffusive flow over rapid conduit flow. The agreement between measured and simulated data supports the proposed analogy between partially saturated karst flow and chemical transport; it also highlights the potential ability of the anomalous transport framework to further enhance modeling of flow and transport in karst systems.
The 2020 European Seismic Hazard Model: overview and results
Authors: Danciu Laurentiu , Giardini Domenico , Weatherill Graeme , Basili Roberto , Nandan Shyam , Rovida Andrea , Beauval Céline , Bard Pierre-Yves , Pagani Marco , Reyes Celso G. , Sesetyan Karin , Vilanova Susana , Cotton Fabrice , Wiemer Stefan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract. The 2020 update of the European Seismic Hazard Model (ESHM20) is the most recent and up-to-date assessment of seismic hazard for the Euro-Mediterranean region. The new model, publicly released in May 2022, incorporates refined and cross-border harmonized earthquake catalogues, homogeneous tectonic zonation, updated active fault datasets and geological information, complex subduction sources, updated area source models, a smoothed seismicity model with an adaptive kernel optimized within each tectonic region, and a novel ground motion characteristic model. ESHM20 supersedes the 2013 European Seismic Hazard Model (ESHM13; Woessner et al., 2015) and provides full sets of hazard outputs such as hazard curves, maps, and uniform hazard spectra for the Euro-Mediterranean region. The model provides two informative hazard maps that will serve as a reference for the forthcoming revision of the European Seismic Design Code (CEN EC8) and provides input to the first earthquake risk model for Europe (Crowley et al., 2021). ESHM20 will continue to evolve and act as a key resource for supporting earthquake preparedness and resilience throughout the Euro-Mediterranean region under the umbrella of the European Facilities for Seismic Hazard and Risk consortium (EFEHR Consortium).
TEXT Reviews October 2020
Authors: Cannell Chloe , Cowley Nicholas , Ghosh Roy Sutanuka , Gist Christopher , Magner Brigid , Pharès Claudia , Symes Dominic , Walker Amelia , Webster Mags , White Jessica 
Published: September 2024

Margaret McAllister and Donna Lee Brien, Paradoxes in Nurses’ Identity, Culture and Image: The Shadow Side of Nursing, reviewed by Amelia Walker Ali Alizadeh, Marx and Art, reviewed by Nicholas Cowley Miles Merrill & Narcisa Nozica, Slam Your Poetry: Write a Revolution, reviewed by Dominic Symes Diane Comer, The Braided River: Migration and the Personal Essay, reviewed by Jessica White Paul Hetherington, Moonlight on Oleander: Prose Poems, reviewed by Mags Webster Michael Earp (ed), Kindred: 12 Queer #LoveOzYA Stories, reviewed by Chloe Cannell Gay Lynch, Unsettled, reviewed by Brigid Magner Michael Noble, Nicholas Culpeper and the Mystery of the Philosopher’s Stone, reviewed by Christopher Gist Rob Maddox-Harle & Jaydeep Sarangi (eds), Dancing the Light: Poems from Australia and India, reviewed by Sutanuka Ghosh Roy Zinia Mitra (ed), The Concept of Motherhood in India: Myths, Theories and Realities, reviewed by Claudia Pharès
TEXT Reviews April 2019
Authors: Owen Bullock Owen , Burns Helen , Carzo Josephine , Costello Moya , Guilar Liam , Hecq Dominique , Muslera Pablo , Sutherland Emily , Telford Simon-Peter , Varatharajan Prithvi , Walker Amelia , Walsh Toni 
Published: September 2024

Reviews of new books relevant to creative writing studies, including: Dominique Hecq and Julian Novitz (eds), Critical Writing with Critical Theory: Inhabitation review by Simon-Peter Telford Carol Lefevre, The Happiness Glass; Marion May Campbell, The Man on the Mantlepiece: A Memoir review by Moya Costello Jo Jones, Falling Backwards: Australian Historical Fiction and the History Wars review by Emily Sutherland Jane Joritz-Nakagawa (ed), women: poetry: migration [an anthology] review by Dominique Hecq Rod Mengham, Grimspound and Inhabiting Art review by Pablo Muslera Philip Nielsen, Wildlife of Berlin review by Toni Walsh Michele Leggott, Vanishing Points review by Owen Bullock Eugen Bacon, loveSTRUCK review by Josephine Carzo John Kinsella, Open Door; Steve Armstrong, Broken Ground; Chris Wallace-Crabbe, Rondo review by Amelia Walker Sreedhevi Iyer, Jungle Without Water review by Helen Burns Michael Aiken, Satan Repentant; James Harpur, The White Silhouette review by Liam Guilar Jessica L Wilkinson and Simon Charles, Marionette: A biography of Miss Marion Davies (CD) review by Prithvi Varatharajan
Assessment of Bioenergy Potential in Vindhya Plateau, Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Pushpraj Diwan Pushpraj Diwan , Dr. SANDIP GANGIL  , Dr. Vinod Kumar Bhargav  , Manish Kumar  
Published: September 2024

Evaluating agricultural residue availability is crucial for assessing sustainable biomass energy production. Crop waste, a byproduct of agricultural production, can be used for soil amendment, animal feed, and energy generation. A survey in seven districts of central India (Bhopal, Damoh, Guna, Raisen, Sagar, Sehore, and Vidisha) was conducted to assess the availability of agricultural residue in the Vindhya Plateau, which comprises about 16% of Madhya Pradesh's geographical area. Agricultural residue availability was determined by selecting a crop, gathering data on yield and generated biomass (including surplus), and estimating the bioenergy potential. The cultivable areas in the selected districts have bioenergy potentials of 19.91, 15.19, 7.88, 21.89, 13.71, 15.09, and 17.21 kJ ha-1 for crops like soybean, rice, wheat, gram, and maize, respectively. The total residue potential, surplus residue potential, and bioenergy potential of the Vindhya Plateau were assessed as 6.08 MT, 2.42 MT, and 40 GJ, respectively. Vindhya Plateau's Raisen district offers the highest biomass potential, making it ideal for bioenergy development and fuel production from biomass.
Investigation of antibiotic resistome in hospital wastewater during the COVID-19 pandemic: Is the Initial Phase of the Pandemic Contributing to Antimicrobial Resistance?
Authors: Wang Changzhi 
Published: September 2024

Since the COVID-19 pandemic started, there has been much speculation about how COVID-19 and antimicrobial resistance may be interconnected. In this study, untreated wastewater was sampled from Hospital A designated to treat COVID-19 patients during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic alongside Hospital B that did not receive any COVID-19 patients. Metagenomics was used to determine the relative abundance and mobile potential of antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs), prior to determining the correlation of ARGs with time/incidence of COVID-19. Our findings showed that ARGs resistant to macrolides, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines were positively correlated with time in Hospital A but not in Hospital B. Likewise, minor extended spectrum betalactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemases of classes B and D were positively correlated with time, suggesting the selection of rare and/or carbapenem-resistant genes in Hospital A. This study highlighted concerns related to the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) during the COVID-19 pandemic that may arise from antibiotic use and untreated hospital wastewater.Link to OA paper: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c01834
Gut microbiota of the threatened takahē: biogeographic patterns and conservation implications
Authors: West Annie 
Published: September 2024

The Aotearoa New Zealand takahē (Porphyrio hochstetteri), once thought to be extinct, is a nationally threatened flightless rail under intensive conservation management. While there has been previous research into disease-related microbes in takahē, little is known about the microbes present in the gastrointestinal tract. Given the importance of gut-associated microbes to herbivore nutrition and immunity, knowledge of these communities is likely to be of considerable conservation value. Here we examined the gut microbiotas of 57 takahē at eight separate locations across Aotearoa New Zealand. Faecal samples, taken as a proxy for the hindgut bacterial community, were subjected to 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing using Illumina MiSeq. Phylogenetic analysis of more than 2200 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) revealed nine main bacterial phyla (Acidobacteriota, Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, Campilobacterota, Firmicutes, Fusobacteriota, Planctomycetota, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobiota) that accounted for the majority of sequence reads. Location was a significant effect (p value lower than 0.001, 9999 permutations) that accounted for 32% of the observed microbiota variation. One ASV, classified as Lactobacillus aviarius, was present in all samples at an average relative abundance of 17% (SD = 23.20). There was strong evidence (p = 0.002) for a difference in the abundance of the genus Lactobacillus between locations. A common commensal bacterium previously described in takahē, Campylobacter spp., was also detected in most faecal samples. Location plays a pivotal role in the observed variation among takahē gut bacterial communities and is potentially due to factors such as supplemental feeding and medical treatment experienced by birds housed in captivity at one of the eight sampled sites. These data present a first glimpse of the previously unexplored takahē gut microbiota and provide a baseline for future microbiological studies and conservation efforts.Link to OA paper: https://animalmicrobiome.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s42523-021-00158-5#Abs1
A novel taurine-respiring murine gut bacterium contributes to colonization resistance against enteropathogens
Authors: Ye Huimin 
Published: September 2024

Taurine-respiring gut bacteria produce H2S with ambivalent impact on host health. We report the isolation and genomic-ecophysiological characterization of the first taurine-respiring mouse gut bacterium. Taurinivorans muris represents a new widespread species with protective capacity against pathogens and differs from the human gut sulfidogen Bilophila wadsworthia in its sulfur metabolism and host distribution. Despite alternative physiologies, taurine respiration was the main in vivo lifestyle of T. muris independent of mouse diet and genotype. In gnotobiotic mice, T. muris selectively enhanced the activity of a sulfur metabolism gene-encoding prophage and provided slightly increased colonization resistance against Salmonella Typhimurium, which showed reduced expression of galactonate catabolism genes. We identified T. muris as the dominant sulfidogen of a mouse microbiota that conferred H2S-mediated protection against Klebsiella pneumoniae in a previous study. Together, we revealed the realized physiological niche of a key murine gut sulfidogen and its impact on pathogen and phage gene expression.Link to OA paper: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.05.510937v1
Leveraging explainable AI for gut microbiome-based colorectal cancer classification
Authors: Rynazal Ryza 
Published: September 2024

Studies have shown a link between colorectal cancer (CRC) and gut microbiome compositions. In these studies, machine learning is used to infer CRC biomarkers using global explanation methods. While these methods allow the identification of bacteria generally correlated with CRC, they fail to recognize species that are only influential for some individuals. In this study, we investigate the potential of Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) for a more personalized CRC biomarker identification. Analyses of five independent datasets show that this method can even separate CRC subjects into subgroups with distinct CRC probabilities and bacterial biomarkers. Link to OA paper: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-023-02858-4