bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How do financial constraints and financing costs affect inventories? An empirical supply chain perspective
Authors: Hoberg Kai , Protopappa-Sieke Margarita , Steinker Sebastian 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify the interplay between a firm’s financial situation and its inventory ownership in a single-firm and a two-firm perspective.

Design/methodology/approach
The analysis uses different secondary data sources to quantify the effect of both financial constraints and cost of capital on inventory holdings of public US firms. The authors first adopt a single-firm perspective and analyze whether financial constraints and cost of capital do generally affect the amount of inventory held. Next, the authors adopt a two-firm perspective and analyze the inventory ownership in customer-supplier relationships.

Findings
Inventory levels are affected by financial constraints and cost of capital. Results indicate that higher costs of capital are weakly associated with lower inventories. However, contrary to the authors’ expectations, firms that are less financially constrained hold less inventories than firms that are more financially constrained. Finally, the authors find that customers hold the larger fraction of supply chain inventory in supplier-customer dyads.

Practical implications
The authors’ results indicate that financial considerations generally play a role in inventory management. However, inventory holdings seem to be influenced only slightly by financing costs and inventory holdings between supplier and customer seem to be less than optimal from a financial perspective. Considering those financial aspects can lead to relevant financial advantages.

Originality/value
In contrast to other recent research, the authors study how the financial situation of a firm affects its inventory levels (not vice versa) and also consider inventories from a two-firm perspective.
Maternal food availability affects offspring performance and survival in a viviparous lizard
Authors: Wang Yang , Li Shu‐Ran , Zeng Zhi‐Gao , Liang Liang , Du Wei‐Guo 
Published: May 2017

SummaryWhether maternal effects are adaptive or not has been a long‐standing topic of discussion in evolutionary ecology. The effects of maternal diet on offspring have been addressed by several studies on diverse organisms, but results are typically conflicting or inconclusive.In this study, we conducted food manipulation experiments with a factorial design (high and low maternal food conditions × high and low offspring food conditions) in a viviparous lacertid lizard (Eremias multiocellata) to test four competing hypotheses on the evolutionary significance of maternal effects: environmental matching hypothesis, low‐food compensation hypothesis, low‐food pathology hypothesis and no‐compensation hypothesis.We found that offspring under the maternal low‐food treatment had higher growth and survival rates than those under the maternal high‐food treatment, supporting the low‐food compensation hypothesis rather than the environmental matching hypothesis, which has been widely accepted as an explanation for the adaptive significance of maternal effects.Our study highlights the importance of testing multiple competing hypotheses that involve both adaptive and non‐adaptive explanations when studying the evolutionary significance of phenotypic plasticity.Alay summaryis available for this article.
Resource stoichiometry and availability modulate species richness and biomass of tropical litter macro‐invertebrates
Authors: Jochum Malte , Barnes Andrew D. , Weigelt Patrick , Ott David , Rembold Katja , Farajallah Achmad , Brose Ulrich 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

High biodiversity and biomass of soil communities are crucial for litter decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems such as tropical forests. However, the leaf litter that these communities consume is of particularly poor quality as indicated by elemental stoichiometry. The impact of resource quantity, quality and other habitat parameters on species richness and biomass of consumer communities is often studied in isolation, although much can be learned from simultaneously studying both community characteristics.

Using a dataset of 780 macro‐invertebrate consumer species across 32 sites in tropical lowland rain forest and agricultural systems on Sumatra, Indonesia, we investigated the effects of basal resource stoichiometry (C:X ratios of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, S in local leaf litter), litter mass (basal resource quantity and habitat space), plant species richness (surrogate for litter habitat heterogeneity), and soil pH (acidity) on consumer species richness and biomass across different consumer groups (i.e. 3 feeding guilds and 10 selected taxonomic groups).

In order to distinguish the most important predictors of consumer species richness and biomass, we applied a standardised model averaging approach investigating the effects of basal resource stoichiometry, litter mass, plant species richness and soil pH on both consumer community characteristics. This standardised approach enabled us to identify differences and similarities in the magnitude and importance of such effects on consumer species richness and biomass.

Across consumer groups, we found litter mass to be the most important predictor of both species richness and biomass. Resource stoichiometry had a more pronounced impact on consumer species richness than on their biomass. As expected, taxonomic groups differed in which resource and habitat parameters (basal resource stoichiometry, litter mass, plant species richness and pH) were most important for modulating their community characteristics.

The importance of litter mass for both species richness and biomass indicates that these tropical consumers strongly depend on habitat space and resource availability. Our study supports previous theoretical work indicating that consumer species richness is jointly influenced by resource availability and the balanced supply of multiple chemical elements in their resources.
An investigation of the anti‐inflammatory effects and a potential biomarker of PI3Kδ inhibition in COPD T cells
Authors: Khan Abid , Southworth Thomas , Worsley Sally , Sriskantharajah Srividya , Amour Augustin , Hessel Edith M , Singh Dave 
Published: May 2017

SummaryLymphocyte numbers are increased in the lungs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase delta (PI3Kδ) is involved in lymphocyte activation. We investigated the effect of PI3Kδ inhibition on cytokine release from COPD lymphocytes. We also evaluated phosphorylated ribosomal S6 protein (rS6) as a potential biomarker of PI3Kδ activation. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells isolated from healthy never smokers (HNS), smokers (S) and COPD patients were stimulated to induce a T cell receptor response. The effects of a PI3Kδ specific inhibitor (GSK045) on cytokine release and rS6 phosphorylation were measured by Luminex and flow cytometry respectively. The effects of GSK045 on cytokine production from PHA stimulated chopped lung samples were investigated. GSK045 reduced cytokine release from PBMCs, BAL cells and chopped lung. Inhibition was greatest in the chopped lung model, with approximately 80% inhibition of interferon (IFN) γ, interleukin (IL)‐2, IL‐17 and IL‐10. PI3Kδ inhibition suppressed rS6 phosphorylation in unstimulated airway T‐lymphocytes by up to 60%. Inhibition of PI3Kδ suppressed T cell cytokine production in COPD patients. rS6 phosphorylation shows potential as a biomarker to assess PI3Kδ activity.
Advances in functional brain imaging technology and developmental neuro‐psychology: their applications in the Jungian analytic domain
Authors: Petchkovsky Leon 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAnalytical psychology shares with many other psychotherapies the important task of repairing the consequences of developmental trauma. The majority of analytic patients come from compromised early developmental backgrounds: they may have experienced neglect, abuse, or failures of empathic resonance from their carers.Functional brain imagery techniques including Quantitative Electroencephalogram (QEEG), and functional Magnetic Resonance Imagery (fMRI), allow us to track mental processes in ways beyond verbal reportage and introspection. This independent perspective is useful for developing new psychodynamic hypotheses, testing current ones, providing diagnostic markers, and monitoring treatment progress. Jung, with the Word Association Test, grasped these principles 100 years ago.Brain imaging techniques have contributed to powerful recent advances in our understanding of neurodevelopmental processes in the first three years of life. If adequate nurturance is compromised, a range of difficulties may emerge. This has important implications for how we understand and treat our psychotherapy clients.The paper provides an overview of functional brain imaging and advances in developmental neuropsychology, and looks at applications of some of these findings (including neurofeedback) in the Jungian psychotherapy domain.
Hysteroscopic resection of a uterine caesarean scar defect (niche) in women with postmenstrual spotting: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Vervoort AJMW , van der Voet LF , Hehenkamp WJK , Thurkow AL , van Kesteren PJM , Quartero H , Kuchenbecker W , Bongers M , Geomini P , de Vleeschouwer LHM , van Hooff MHA , van Vliet H , Veersema S , Renes WB , Oude Rengerink K , Zwolsman SE , Brölmann HAM , Mol BWJ , Huirne JAF 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness of a hysteroscopic niche resection versus no treatment in women with postmenstrual spotting and a uterine caesarean scar defect.DesignMulticentre randomised controlled trial.SettingEleven hospitals collaborating in a consortium for women's health research in the Netherlands.PopulationWomen reporting postmenstrual spotting after a caesarean section who had a niche with a residual myometrium of ≥3 mm, measured during sonohysterography.MethodsWomen were randomly allocated to hysteroscopic niche resection or expectant management for 6 months.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the number of days of postmenstrual spotting 6 months after randomisation. Secondary outcomes were spotting at the end of menstruation, intermenstrual spotting, dysuria, sonographic niche measurements, surgical parameters, quality of life, women's satisfaction, sexual function, and additional therapy. Outcomes were measured at 3 months and, except for niche measurements, also at 6 months after randomisation.ResultsWe randomised 52 women to hysteroscopic niche resection and 51 women to expectant management. The median number of days of postmenstrual spotting at baseline was 8 days in both groups. At 6 months after randomisation, the median number of days of postmenstrual spotting was 4 days (interquartile range, IQR 2–7 days) in the intervention group and 7 days (IQR 3–10 days) in the control group (P = 0.04); on a scale of 0–10, discomfort as a result of spotting had a median score of 2 (IQR 0–7) in the intervention group, compared with 7 (IQR 0–8) in the control group (P = 0.02).ConclusionsIn women with a niche with a residual myometrium of ≥3 mm, hysteroscopic niche resection reduced postmenstrual spotting and spotting‐related discomfort.Tweetable abstractA hysteroscopic niche resection is an effective treatment to reduce niche‐related spotting.
How Advanced Efficiency Techniques Can Support Production Disease Control Decisions on Dairy Farms
Authors: van der Voort Mariska , Van Meensel Jef , Charlier Johannes , Van Huylenbroeck Guido , Lauwers Ludwig 
Published: May 2017

SummaryProduction diseases in dairy cows can have significant effects on farm business performance. Decisions about controlling production diseases are mainly based on veterinary advice. However, from an economic perspective, mere diagnosis of disease does not provide enough information for intervention decisions. Well‐founded decisions are based on knowledge of the economic effects of production diseases and their control measures. One challenge for dairy farmers and advisors is to access farm‐specific tools that can determine the effect of a disease on farm business performance. Efficiency analysis facilitates a more integrated economic‐epidemiological view by considering the aggregate transformation of inputs into outputs; it also enables advanced benchmarking within a set of farms. With efficiency analysis, the effect of diseases on economic performance can be studied and farm‐specific economic‐epidemiological win–win scenarios can be identified. Additionally, the contribution of disease control in moving farms closer to performance benchmarks can be determined. The main challenges for practical application of these techniques are the linking of animal disease metrics with farm accountancy information and integrating farm‐economic principles into veterinary advice.
Diabetes among Māori women with self‐reported past gestational diabetes mellitus in a New Zealand Māori community
Authors: Simmons David , Kumar Shejil , Crook Nic , Rush Elaine 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a risk factor for subsequent development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We have investigated the extent of this risk among Māori women without known diabetes.Materials and methodsWe recruited 2786 Māori women aged 28–86 years between 2004 and 2006, without diagnosed diabetes from the Waikato and Southern Lakes regions, via media, community and general practitioner channels, and invited them for an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).ResultsFifty (1.8%) women reported previous GDM (pGDM). The prevalence decreased significantly with age (P = 0.009). Women aged <50 years with pGDM had higher body mass index (35.6 ± 6.7 vs 32.4 ± 7.7 kg/m2, P < 0.01), waist circumference (105.3 ± 18.8 vs 96.9 ± 16.6 cm, P < 0.01), fasting blood glucose (5.5 ± 1.0 vs 5.1 ± 0.8 mmol/L, P ≤ 0.01), two‐hour post‐prandial blood glucose (6.6 ± 3.0 vs 5.6 ± 2.1 mmol/L, P < 0.01) and HbA1c (6.0 ± 0.8 vs 5.8 ± 0.6%, P < 0.05) than women without pGDM. PGDM was a significant risk factor for undiagnosed diabetes (odds ratio 4.0; (5% confidence interval 1.67–9.71). Undiagnosed diabetes was significantly more prevalent among women with than without pGDM aged <40 years (20.0% vs 1.5%).ConclusionSelf‐reported past GDM was a significant risk factor for undiagnosed diabetes in this Māori population, particularly among women aged <40 years, highlighting the importance of targeting this group for more intensive screening.
The volume, cost and outcomes of pancreatic resection in a regional centre in New Zealand
Authors: Wylie Neil , Hider Phillip , Armstrong Delwyn , Srinivasa Sanket , Rodgers Michael , Brown Anna , Koea Jonathan 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundThe frequency, costs and outcome of pancreatic resection (both pancreaticoduodenectomy and distal pancreatectomy) were reviewed in our own institution and correlated with regional population growth as well as national resection rates and locations.MethodsDemographic, pathological and outcome data on pancreaticoduodenectomy and distal pancreatectomy were obtained from a prospectively maintained database for the years 2005–2009 and 2010–2014. During this period, the catchment population grew from 460 000 to 567 000. Costing information was obtained from the hospital‐independent costing and coding committee, and the locations and rates of pancreatic resection were obtained by interrogating the national minimum dataset.ResultsA total of 41 pancreatectomies (29 pancreaticoduodenectomy, 12 distal pancreatectomy) were performed between 2005 and 2009, increasing to 84 pancreatectomies (55 pancreaticoduodenectomies, 27 distal pancreatectomies and two total pancreatectomies) between 2010 and 2014. This constituted one sixth of the national volume of pancreatic resections. There was no difference in patient demographics or indications for resection between the two time periods; however, portal vein resection was used more frequently in the second period. Margin positivity rate decreased (7 of 41 versus 8 of 84) and lymph node harvest increased (median 8 nodes versus median 15 nodes) between the two time periods. Overall 30‐day mortality was 1.6%.ConclusionIn New Zealand, regional rates of pancreatic resection reflect regional population demands, and institutional growth is driven by local population requirements. Institutional growth can be achieved with the maintenance of internationally accepted outcomes and quality indicators.
Editorial: visceral fat as a predictor of post‐operative recurrence of Crohn's disease
Authors: Stidham R. W. , Waljee A. K. 
Published: May 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Holt et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14018 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14102.
Letter: hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients with chronic hepatitis C during direct‐acting anti‐viral therapy
Authors: Huang R. , Yan X. , Xia J. , Wang J. , Wu C. 
Published: May 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Londoño et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13985 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14104.
Thirty years of interferon‐tau research; Past, present and future perspective
Authors: Imakawa Kazuhiko , Bai Rulan , Nakamura Keigo , Kusama Kazuya 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe year 2017 marks the 30th year since the discovery was made of amino acid and complementary DNA sequences of ovine trophoblast protein‐1 (oTP‐1), later renamed as interferon‐tau (IFNτ). Ovine TP‐1 was originally found as a secretory product of sheep conceptuses that rescues maternal corpus luteum (CL) and in fact, the uterine infusion of oTP‐1 extended inter‐estrous intervals. Finding this signaling molecule as an IFN‐like sequence was surprising to the scientific community in reproduction because a homologous molecule in humans possesses anti‐viral and anti‐prolific activity and is often used in human medicines. However, since its discovery was made, large efforts have been made in the elucidation of transcriptional regulation and functions of bovine and ovine IFNτs, more importantly, the improvement of pregnancy rates in sheep and cattle, most of which resulted in unsuccessful outcomes. In this review, physiological, cellular and molecular events associated with continued secretion of progesterone, maternal recognition of pregnancy, identification, transcriptional regulation and function of IFNτ, and its future perspectives will be discussed.
Auditors’ Economic Incentives and the Sensitivity of Managerial Pay to Accounting Performance
Authors: Park Bum‐Jin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe use of managerial incentives to manage earnings in order to enhance accounting performance‐based compensation is greater when auditors have economic incentives to compromise their independence. Hence, compensation committees face more difficulties in determining cash compensation when earnings quality declines. This study investigates whether boards of directors can mitigate the agency problems between managers and shareholders by being aware of the opportunistic earnings management encouraged by auditors’ economic incentives and actively adjusting performance‐based compensation for the reduced earnings quality. To this end, it examines how auditors’ economic incentives affect the sensitivity of managerial pay to accounting performance. The findings show a negative association between the client's economic importance to the auditor and the sensitivity of managerial pay to accounting performance, with this association more pronounced for firms that opportunistically inflate earnings, suggesting that boards mitigate agency problems by actively intervening to modify performance‐based compensation schemes for the reduced earnings quality. Additional analyses show that board effectiveness in determining compensation depends on its characteristics. These results suggest the urgent need to oblige companies to establish compensation committees, particularly in countries that lack such a mandatory requirement or where few companies have such committees.
Do US Corporate Governance Standards Effectively Discourage Risk in the Emerging Markets?
Authors: Sayari Naz , Marcum Bill 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis study provides an examination of the effect of various corporate governance factors on the management of the risks inherent in business and the potential divergent impact of these factors on US firms and firms in emerging countries. In particular, the study scrutinises corporate governance and corporate risk‐taking behaviour across different political and socioeconomic environments. In a cross‐sectional time‐series setting, two‐step generalised least squares regression outcomes reveal that the impact of corporate governance on corporate risk taking demonstrates similar implications for US and emerging markets firms in several ways. Nonetheless, the findings also indicate that although some of the US governance standards are effective in the emerging markets, further strengthening of governance standards may be required. Specific governance aspects of the emerging markets, such as board and committee composition, are still lacking when compared to those of the US. Regardless of these differences, the outcomes reveal that those US governance standards adopted by the firms in the emerging markets strengthen governance structures and discourage corporate risk‐taking behaviour.
Communicating the Impact of the Global Financial Crisis in Annual Reports: A Study of Australian NGOs
Authors: Khanna Kshitij , Irvine Helen 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis paper analyses the extent and nature of communication by Australian non‐governmental organisations (NGOs) about the impact of the global financial crisis (GFC). NGOs need to balance their communications about financial need against news that could potentially reflect negatively on stakeholders’ impressions of their worthiness to receive funding. Recognising this, we content analyse the annual report narratives of 10 Australian NGOs for information about the impact of the GFC and their use of impression management (IM) techniques. All NGOs in the study experienced some financial impact from the GFC, with nine referring to it in their annual report narratives. However, the information was very limited, indicating a missed opportunity to communicate meaningfully with stakeholders. Further, of the nine NGOs providing disclosures about the GFC's impact, eight used at least one IM technique, indicating a lack of transparency that has potentially negative implications for trust‐building with their stakeholders. This study focuses on a limited number of NGOs, but further research could broaden this approach to examine organisations in the broader not‐for‐profit (NFP) sector, other modes of communication or communication patterns at other times of crisis, and currently, in an era of austerity.