bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social and quality of life impact using a voice prosthesis after laryngectomy
Authors: Summers Lizz 
Published: March 2017

Purpose of review
This review is intended to give an up-to-date overview of key developments in the evidence base relating specifically to the social and quality of life (QOL) impact of using a voice prosthesis, with reflections on the impact on clinical practice.

Recent findings
Recent studies have shed light on the role of social support on psychological adjustment after laryngectomy, developing the existing evidence base on psychological sequelae. Investigations into the relationship between voice intensity/intelligibility and voice handicap/QOL may suggest a relationship for some patients, and current tools for measuring these constructs are evaluated. Recent qualitative research on the lived experience and social impact of using a voice prosthesis is presented.

Summary
Little research is currently available exploring the impact of using a voice prosthesis on social participation, which is reflected in the dearth of participation-focused interventions for laryngectomy patients. Further research on the lived experience of tracheoesophageal speech is required to understand this phenomenon and develop appropriate interventions for enhancing communication, participation and QOL with a voice prosthesis after laryngectomy.
Community Primary Care Provider Preferences for Emergency Department Follow-up Recommendations
Authors: Hendrickson Marissa A. , Obeya Eta , Wey Andrew R. , Gaillard Philippe R. 
Published: March 2017

Background
Children who present to emergency departments (EDs) for care are frequently advised to follow up with their primary care providers (PCPs) after discharge; little is known about whether PCPs agree that follow-up advised by EDs is appropriate for their patients.

Objectives
The aims of this study were to determine PCP preferences for follow-up recommendations given to their pediatric patients at the time of ED visits and to compare these preferences to reported emergency medicine provider (EMP) practice.

Methods
This was an online survey of PCPs and EMPs in a regional health system assessing preferred timing for ED follow-up recommendations for 15 common pediatric conditions and whether the follow-up should be definite or contingent.

Results
Ninety PCPs and 36 EMPs responded to the survey. In patients with community-acquired pneumonia, probability of recommending follow-up after 5 or more days was 33% in PCPs and 8% in EMPs (P = 0.001). In all conditions with significant differences, PCPs favored longer follow-up. In upper respiratory tract infection and acute otitis media, PCPs had a higher probability than EMPs of selecting as-needed versus definite follow-up (P = 0.0002 and P = 0.01, respectively). In asthma, concussion, and pneumonia, PCPs had a significantly lower probability of selecting as-needed follow-up than EMPs.

Conclusions
In this regional survey, PCPs preferred longer times between ED visit and follow-up than EMPs for a number of conditions. Differences were also found in preference for as-needed or definite follow-up, varying by condition. These discrepancies could result in overuse or underuse of clinic resources, suggesting a possible quality improvement target for emergency medicine practice.
Implementation of an Electronic Clinical Decision Support Tool for Pediatric Appendicitis Within a Hospital Network
Authors: Hendrickson Marissa A. , Wey Andrew R. , Gaillard Philippe R. , Kharbanda Anupam B. 
Published: March 2017

Objectives
Computed tomography (CT) has been widely used in the evaluation of children with suspected appendicitis, but concerns about ionizing radiation have increased interest in ultrasound for these patients. We sought to assess the effectiveness of an appendicitis electronic clinical decision support (E-CDS) system in increasing ultrasound and decreasing CT use in children evaluated in emergency departments (EDs) for suspected appendicitis.

Methods
This was a preintervention and postintervention analysis of an E-CDS implemented into an electronic health record system shared by an academic, tertiary-care children’s hospital and a community hospital. The tool consisted of a structured order set with embedded clinical advice and a link to a Web site. Emergency department patients aged 3 to 18 years with suspected appendicitis were reviewed retrospectively. Imaging use was assessed 3 months before and 6 months after implementation of the intervention.

Results
Three hundred twenty-seven patients were identified, 211 at postintervention; 80% were seen in the community ED. Among community ED patients with imaging, ultrasound use increased (36%–51%, P = 0.049), and CT scan use decreased (81%–66%, P = 0.044) in the postintervention period, with no change in complications or safety outcomes. No difference was found in ultrasound rate (100%–97%, P = 1.000) or CT scan rate (13%–10%, P = 1.000) among children’s ED patients with imaging.

Conclusions
An E-CDS can effectively decrease CT scanning and increase use of ultrasound in children with suspected appendicitis in a community hospital ED. Electronic clinical decision support may be an effective method of disseminating pediatric best practices from a children’s hospital to affiliated community EDs.
Epidemic Adolescent Binge Drinking at Lollapalooza, A Music Festival in Chicago
Authors: McAndrew Sarah E. , Smith Tracie L. , Groothuis Elizabeth , Koressel Lindsay R. , Unti Sharon M. , Powell Elizabeth C. , Tanz Robert R. 
Published: March 2017

Objectives
Lollapalooza (LP) is an annual 3-day outdoor music festival in Chicago. Underage drinking and drug use are believed to be common, but the burden on emergency departments (EDs) has not been documented. We assessed the burden on health care resources associated with this music festival.

Methods
We performed a retrospective chart review of adolescent (aged 11–20 years) ED visits during LP weekend and 4 summer comparison weekends at Lurie Children’s Hospital in Chicago, Ill, in 2014 (n = 356). We then analyzed adolescent alcohol- and drug-related hospital visits to all Chicago hospitals for each weekend in 2014 0 using Illinois hospital discharge data.

Results
Adolescents accounted for a greater proportion of our ED visits during LP weekend than comparison weekends (25% vs 19%, P < 0.02). Lollapalooza weekend patients were more likely female (P = 0.025), older (P = 0.0067), more often unsupervised (P < 0.0001), and less likely to live in the city (P < 0.001) than adolescents seen during comparison weekends. Thirty-one underage adolescents who attended LP were treated in our ED; 84% were intoxicated (blood alcohol content, 88–328 mg/dL). Citywide there was an 11-fold increase in adolescent alcohol-related hospital visits during LP weekend compared with an average weekend. Drug intoxication was much less common.

Conclusions
Adolescents seen in our ED the weekend of LP were older, more often female, frequently unsupervised, and less likely to be city residents than those seen during comparison weekends. Those who attended LP had high rates of alcohol intoxication. This surge of intoxicated adolescent patients affected numerous EDs in the city.
A Treat-to-Target Strategy Preserves Work Capacity in a Rheumatoid Arthritis Inception Cohort Treated With Combination Conventional DMARD Therapy
Authors: Wechalekar Mihir D. , Quinn Stephen , Lester Susan , Metcalf Robert G. , Shanahan Ella , Walker Jennifer G. , Smith Malcolm D. , Hill Catherine L. , Shanahan E. Michael , Proudman Susanna M. 
Published: March 2017

Objectives
Quantification of work disability in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) receiving conventional DMARDs according to a treat-to-target strategy.

Methods
This is a retrospective cohort analysis of RA patients who received combination conventional DMARDs, escalated to achieve DAS28(ESR) remission and completed an annual work and arthritis questionnaire. Random effect mixed modeling was used to assess associations between average hours worked per week (HWPW), and baseline prognostic factors. HWPW were compared with matched population averages. Cox proportional hazards modeling was employed to evaluate associations between permanent loss of employment and treatment response, disease and demographic factors.

Results
Work data from 135 patients working at baseline and 137 working at any point followed for up to 14 years (range 1–14) were available for analysis. The mean age was 45 years, 70% were female, and 70% and 68% were seropositive for rheumatoid factor and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP), respectively. Men worked more hours than women; there was a highly significant association between working hours lost and increasing age (0.28 hours, P = 0.04) and female gender (11.92 hours, P < 0.001). HWPW were maintained over the study time comparable to the general population (loss of 0.78 vs. 0.24 HWPW). EULAR good responders at 6 months were more likely to be working at 10 years compared to those with moderate/no response. Permanent loss of employment and baseline age were strongly associated for anti-CCP positive participants (P = 0.04).

Conclusions
Treat-to-target combination conventional DMARD therapy maintains work capacity, particularly in good responders, comparable to the general population. Improving treatment response in moderate/no responders early in disease may increase work retention.
Correlation Between Transperineal 3-Dimensional Ultrasound Measurements of Levator Hiatus and Female Sexual Function
Authors: Aydin Serdar , Bakar Rabia Zehra , Arioğlu Aydin Çağri , Ateş Seda 
Published: March 2017

Objective
The aim of this study is to investigate the association of sexual functions with levator hiatus biometry measurements and levator ani muscle defect.

Methods
In 62 heterosexual, sexually active premenopausal women without pelvic floor disorders or urinary incontinence, 3-dimensional transperineal ultrasound imaging was used. Two 3-dimensional volumes were recorded, one at rest and one on Valsalva maneuver. Levator biometry measurements and levator defect were evaluated in an axial plane. Sexual function was assessed by a validated questionnaire, Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). The primary outcome measure was correlation of sexual functions with the levator hiatus area, transverse and anteroposterior diameters, levator ani muscle thickness, vaginal length, and changes in measurements with Valsalva and levator defect.

Results
Forty-two women (67.7%) had low total FSFI scores (<26.55). Levator defect rates were similar in female sexual dysfunction (7/42, 16.7%) and women without female sexual dysfunction (5/20, 25%). The FSFI was negatively and weakly correlated with Δhiatal anteroposterior diameter (r = −0.33, P < 0.009) in the study population. There was a weak and inverse correlation between Δhiatal anteroposterior diameter and arousal (r = −0.35, P < 0.002), desire (r = −0.38, P < 0.001), and orgasm (r = −0.33, P < 0.007). Pain and lubrication did not correlate with any measurement.

Conclusions
Hiatal area and diameters at rest are not related to sexual functions. Changes in anteroposterior diameter of the levator hiatus during Valsalva, which may be a sign of pelvic floor laxity or levator muscle weakness, are weakly associated with sexual functions, particularly desire, arousal, and orgasm domains.
Divergence Palsy due to Divalproex and Oxcarbazepine
Authors: Bouffard Marc Albert , Caplan Louis R. , Torun Nurhan 
Published: March 2017

Objective
This case series is the first to describe divergence palsy as an adverse effect of antiepileptic drug use. Diplopia is a common adverse effect of antiepileptic drugs, but no explanatory motility deficit has ever been reported.

Methods
We present 2 patients, 1 on oxcarbazepine and 1 on divalproex, each with a normal examination result between spells and divergency palsy when symptomatic.

Results
Discontinuation of the antiepileptic medication led to resolution of the episodes in both cases. Rechallenge with the offending agent after washout in one patient resulted in recurrence of diplopia and divergence palsy, both resolving after subsequent withdrawal of the antiepileptic.

Conclusions
Antiepileptic drugs may cause divergence palsy.
Thrombolytic Therapy in Wake-Up Stroke Patients
Authors: Stern Gretchen M. , Van Hise Nicholas , Urben Lindsay M. , Korobey Matthew J. , Pitlick Jamie M. , Crannage Andrew J. 
Published: March 2017

Objective
The aim of the study is to review existing and ongoing trial data on wake-up stroke (WUS) patients for thrombolytic therapy.

Methods
A literature search was conducted in PubMed (conception–October 2016) using the terms wake-up stroke, acute ischemic stroke, wake-up thrombolysis, computed tomography imaging in wake-up stroke, and magnetic resonance imaging in wake-up stroke. Ongoing trials were found using the ClinicalTrials.gov website.

Results
The search yielded 61 articles in PubMed and 7 ongoing trials. After removing duplicate/irrelevant articles, 33 articles and relevant references were reviewed; of these, 6 articles and 3 ongoing trials were included. Two retrospective studies evaluating the characteristics between WUS and known-onset stroke were identified; the only significant difference between groups was the ability to receive treatment with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). One study suggested that perfusion brain imaging may be useful to identify patients that may benefit from tPA. In addition, 3 studies have evaluated WUS treatment; all used different methods to identify potential patients. Two of 3 studies showed that treatment with tPA is associated with better outcomes when controlling for baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. No difference in safety outcomes was seen between groups for all 3 studies.

Conclusions
Available data suggest promising strategies to identify WUS patients who may benefit from thrombolysis. Once on-going trials are complete, there may be sufficient information to redefine tPA eligibility for previously excluded patients.
Fast and Robust Inference of Phylogenetic Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Models Using Parallel Likelihood Calculation
Authors: Mitov Venelin , Stadler Tanja 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPhylogenetic comparative methods have been used to model trait evolution, to test selection versus neutral hypotheses, to estimate optimal trait-values, and to quantify the rate of adaptation towards these optima. Several authors have proposed algorithms calculating the likelihood for trait evolution models, such as the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) process, in time proportional to the number of tips in the tree. Combined with gradient-based optimization, these algorithms enable maximum likelihood (ML) inference within seconds, even for trees exceeding 10,000 tips. Despite its useful statistical properties, ML has been criticised for being a point estimator prone to getting stuck in local optima. As an elegant alternative, Bayesian inference explores the entire information in the data and compares it to prior knowledge but, usually, runs in much longer time, even for small trees. Here, we propose an approach to use the full potential of ML and Bayesian inference, while keeping the runtime within minutes. Our approach combines (i) a new algorithm for parallel likelihood calculation; (ii) a previously published method for adaptive Metropolis sampling. In principle, the strategy of (i) and (ii) can be applied to any likelihood calculation on a tree which proceeds in a pruning-like fashion leading to enormous speed improvements. As a showcase, we implement the phylogenetic Ornstein-Uhlenbeck mixed model (POUMM) in the form of an easy-to-use and highly configurable R-package. In addition to the above-mentioned usage of comparative methods, the POUMM allows to estimate non-heritable variance and phylogenetic heritability. Using simulations and empirical data from 487 mammal species, we show that the POUMM is far more reliable in terms of unbiased estimates and false positive rate for stabilizing selection, compared to its alternative - the non-mixed Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model, which assumes a fully heritable and perfectly measurable trait. Further, our analysis reveals that the phylogenetic mixed model (PMM), which assumes neutral evolution (Brownian motion) can be a very unstable estimator of phylogenetic heritability, even if the Brownian motion assumption is only weakly violated. Our results prove the need for a simultaneous account for selection and non-heritable variance in phylogenetic evolutionary models and challenge stabilizing selection hypotheses stated in numerous macro-evolutionary studies.
Entrepreneurial path: decoupling the complexity of entrepreneurial process
Authors: Galanakis Kostas , Giourka Paraskevi 
Published: March 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to synthesise the socioeconomic context, personality, knowledge and social capital into a systemic framework, named the “entrepreneurial path” that demonstrates the process of transforming initial entrepreneurial intentions to a growing venture. This systemic framework decouples the overall complexity of the entrepreneurial realisation to three main subsystems: entrepreneurial intentions and venture idea formation; barriers of transition from nascent to active entrepreneur; and active and growing ventures.Design/methodology/approachThe paper employs a systemic thinking approach to decouple the complexity of the subject. Survey techniques and digital social network discussion forums were used for the collection of primary qualitative data from multiple stakeholders.FindingsThe conceptual framework, named the entrepreneurial path, highlights the importance of different factors at each stage of the entrepreneurial realisation. Especially the importance of factors such as perceived desirability, feasibility, self-efficacy, network ties and social capital has been identified as central. Needs for managerial skills and resources for the new venture come to play only on the later stage. Each of those factors though, plays a distinctive role in the different stages of the realisation and in dependence to the maturity of the entrepreneurial context.Research limitations/implicationsFurther research may examine whether these factors that have been identified by successful entrepreneurs and stakeholders are reflecting the experience for those who have not been successful in their effort to create their venture.Practical implicationsThe entrepreneurial path provides a supportive tool for: academics designing focussed entrepreneurship education programmes and research; managers in intermediate structures to identify the specific needs of nascent and early-stage entrepreneurs in comparison to the needs of entrepreneurs in the growth stage; and for policy makers prioritising on supportive structures and institutions directing their actions to specific stages or barriers of the process or creating holistic and evolving structures based on the maturity of the entrepreneurial context.Originality/valueThe decoupling of the process of transforming initial entrepreneurial intentions to a growing venture demonstrates that different approaches are required in order to foster each one of the factors identified. Focussing on activities and resources on one stage at the time, or presenting parallel activities that reflect the different level of maturity of regions, institutions, individuals and societal perceptions may provide better service to nascent and active entrepreneurs, than considering treating entrepreneurial intentions as a unified process.
Robot programming by demonstration using teleoperation through imitation
Authors: Jha Abhishek , Chiddarwar Shital S. 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to present a new learning from demonstration-based trajectory planner that generalizes and extracts relevant features of the desired motion for an industrial robot.

Design/methodology/approach
The proposed trajectory planner is based on the concept of human arm motion imitation by the robot end-effector. The teleoperation-based real-time control architecture is used for direct and effective imitation learning. Using this architecture, a self-sufficient trajectory planner is designed which has inbuilt mapping strategy and direct learning ability. The proposed approach is also compared with the conventional robot programming approach.

Findings
The developed planner was implemented on the 5 degrees-of-freedom industrial robot SCORBOT ER-4u for an object manipulation task. The experimental results revealed that despite morphological differences, the robot imitated the demonstrated trajectory with more than 90 per cent geometric similarity and 60 per cent of the demonstrations were successfully learned by the robot with good positioning accuracy. The proposed planner shows an upper hand over the existing approach in robustness and operational ease.

Research limitations/implications
The approach assumes that the human demonstrator has the requisite expertise of the task demonstration and robot teleoperation. Moreover, the kinematic capabilities and the workspace conditions of the robot are known a priori.

Practical implications
The real-time implementation of the proposed methodology is possible and can be successfully used for industrial automation with very little knowledge of robot programming. The proposed approach reduces the complexities involved in robot programming by direct learning of the task from the demonstration given by the teacher.

Originality/value
This paper discusses a new framework blended with teleoperation and kinematic considerations of the Cartesian space, as well joint space of human and industrial robot and optimization for the robot programming by demonstration.
Culture and gender’s role in apparel purchasing patterns
Authors: Nieves-Rodriguez Elsa , Perez-Rivera Myra Mabel , Longobardi Teresa , Davis-Pellot Jose A. 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
Scholars recognize that international marketing effectiveness requires adapting to cultural values, and at the same time, paradoxically, acknowledge the possibility of cultural convergence. The purpose of this paper is to take the context of Puerto Rico as a US territory to reconcile these two propositions by analyzing culture and gender’s influence on apparel purchase.

Design/methodology/approach
Via multiple regression analysis, the study considers seasonality as a factor of apparel purchase patterns, developing a consumer behavior model for the apparel industry.

Findings
Results confirm that culture influences purchase behavior, an influence moderated by gender. Additionally, they show that seasons and special occasions are strong predictors of apparel purchase patterns.

Research limitations/implications
The findings assert the claims of cultural convergence, yet preserve the notion that cultural values are reflected in patterns of consumer behavior in the case of apparel.

Practical implications
The study develops highly explanatory models indicating that Puerto Rico expenditure reflects cultural patterns of special occasions, but overshoots expectations for its US counterpart.

Originality/value
The results show that Puerto Rico has appropriated several US cultural aspects (e.g. special holidays), which are expressed differently as reflected by apparel purchase behavior, supporting the notion that Puerto Rico should be treated as an international market. The study demonstrates that cross-cultural studies may be robust in absence of available Hofstede’s dimensions for a country.