bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Debates to Mimic Clinical Discussion in Experiential Education
Authors: Nisly Sarah A. , Kingdon Lisa K. , Janzen Kristin M. , Dy-Boarman Eliza A. 
Published: January 2018

Critical thinking and application of knowledge to an ambiguous patient care scenario are often difficult skills to cultivate in learners. Use of traditional teaching techniques (e.g. topic discussions and journal clubs) helps to develop these competencies within learners. However, alternative teaching strategies may help develop critical thinking and direct application. Debates have been used in healthcare education for decades with positive results. This paper provides supporting evidence for use of debates in pharmacy education and is designed to serve as a general guide for preceptors interested in implementing debates into the experiential setting. Specifically, the objectives are to: 1) highlight the pedagogical outcomes as reported in the literature, 2) offer practical considerations to implement debates as a teaching tool in experiential education, and 3) encourage future research and scholarship in this area.

Type: Idea Paper
The Path Forward
Authors: Sund Sharon 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We in America all care about our democracy and want the best possible outcome for our nation. But how do we get there? What is your role and mine? Can we really make a difference? The American political system is facilitating the election of candidates whom citizens feel do not represent them. My personal experience living in Germany as the country was rebuilding after World War II, then living in Mississippi during school desegregation, and later in corporate America, and finally as a candidate for the U.S. Congress, showed me that good people can wait too long to act. This article is written to save people from regretting that they didn’t do something when they had a chance. I show ways to advance ideals to help create a world we are happy to leave to the next generation. This article will empower readers to take action.
One World, One Standard for Burn Care: Nursing's Role in Global Health
Authors: Ramstad Sheryl A , Potter Teddie M 
Published: January 2018

In 1978, a landmark United Nations conference in Alma-Ata declared the goal of health for all by the year 2000 (WHO, 1978). Yet, today significant disparities exist between the health care afforded individuals in resource-limited countries and those in the industrialized world. Nursing, as a global profession, can become a powerful force for change so that better health is universally achieved.
Problem/Background: This project started with a partnership between a burn center in the United States and a pediatric burn center (Burn Center) in Peru, a country in which it is estimated that 15,000 children endure burn injuries each year (Huby-Vidaurre, 2016). Most are under the age of five, and suffer scald burns from pots with hot liquids left to cool on the floors of their homes. Pressure garment therapy (PGT) is a major treatment to reduce scarring for pediatric burn survivors in the United States since the early 1970s, but is unavailable in Peru.
Strategy: The Doctor of Nursing Practice project leader worked with the Burn Center team to develop a plan to use PGT as an intervention to address disfiguring scarring among pediatric burn survivors, utilizing the twinning approach.
Methods: This quality improvement project involved interdisciplinary collaboration and international partnerships between resource-rich and resource-challenged nations. Obtaining supplies needed to promote PGT in Peru required cultivating relationships with many people in the United States, including translators and interpreters to assist in overcoming language barriers among the participants, manufacturers and distributors of pressure garments to donate fabrics, and people regularly traveling to Peru who transported the donated PGT materials. It also involved working closely with the Burn Center team on developing a culture conducive to conforming to an international standard of practice.
Results: Resources were successfully leveraged to build a sustainable PGT program for all pediatric burn survivors in Peru.
Conclusion: Forging partnerships between the U.S. and Peru utilizing the twinning approach led to implementation of PGT, allowing for a best practice standard of care in the treatment of pediatric burns.
The 2016 National Matriculation and General Certificate of Secondary Education English Test: a Challenge to the Goal of Foreign Languages Education in Vietnamese Schools
Authors: Van Hoang Van 
Published: January 2018

Every year in Vietnam there are nearly a million Vietnamese 12 graders taking as compulsory the national general certificate of secondary education English testto be eligible to receive general certificate of secondary school education. Since 2015, the English test has been used for students to achieve two goals: (1) to receive general certificate of secondary school education and (2) to gain entrance to Vietnamese universities and colleges. The test is referred to as “the national matriculation and general certificate of secondary education English test”. It has a clear format, clearly specified contents, a clear and detailed scoring scheme, and is made public in the Vietnamese mass media. However, looked at from both theoretical and practical levels, there are still problems with the test that need to be examined and discussed. This is the purpose of this paper. As a way of start, the paper will provide a description of the test. Then, it will examine some of its key qualities, and present its washback and impact on the Vietnamese general school foreign language education. In the conclusion, after summarizing the strengths and weaknesses of the test, the paper will conclude that due to its weaknesses in both content and format,and its long-term negative washback, the 2016 national matriculation and general certificate of secondary education English test presents a big challenge to the communication goal of the Vietnamese general foreign language education. The paper recommends that for the quality of foreign language teaching and learning in Vietnamese schools to be improved andfor the foreign language education in Vietnamese schools to meet the requirements of globalization in Vietnam, a radical renovation in both test format and test administration should be exercised.
POR UMA TANATOLOGIA RELIGIOSA A PARTIR DAS MÚLTIPLAS PERSPECTIVAS DA MORTE E DO MORRER
Authors: Henriques Ana Candida Vieira , Gnerre Maria Lúcia Abaurre 
Published: January 2018

Este artigo tem o propósito de destacar as particularidades de três termos usualmente empregados para designar respectivamente, o morrer, a morte e o fim. A tanatologia, a escatologia e a teleologia aristotélica, chamada cósmica, são campos de estudo diferenciados, onde a morte ou o fim, enquanto propósito, é o centro de todas as especulações. Devemos lembrar que neste contexto, quando nos referirmos à morte, estaremos limitando-a apenas ao universo fenomênico religioso, visto sua grande amplitude no universo dos fenômenos. Desta forma, a partir dos esclarecimentos sobre a tanatologia, achamos pertinente e oportuno neste estudo, a introdução de um novo termo que criamos com o intuito de abarcar e expressar todos os aspectos espirituais, religiosos e transcendentais que repousam no processo de morte, a Tanatologia Religiosa. Com base em nosso objetivo central, o percurso metodológico adotado será a análise explicativa, pois que apenas temos o intuíto de esclarecer tais campos de estudo quanto aos seus fundamentos, objetivos e abrangência. Palavras-chave: Morte; Morrer; Tanatologia; Escatologia; Teleologia
Rauheitsanforderungen für die mobile Härteprüfung metallischer Werkstoffe
Authors: Schnapp Jürgen Dieter , Herold Volker , Reuschel Janine 
Published: January 2018

Kurzfassung
Der Einfluss der Oberflächenrauheit und die Anzahl der Messungen auf die Zuverlässigkeit und Streuung der Ergebnisse der mobilen Härteprüfung metallischer Werkstoffe wird kritisch untersucht. Dafür werden die häufigsten mobilen Härteprüfverfahren, UCI, Leeb und TIV an vier gängigen Stahlwerkstoffen mit abgestuften Rauheitswerten eingesetzt. Da die meisten Verfahren „blind“, d. h. ohne optische Kontrolle der Eindrücke arbeiten, ist die Zuverlässigkeit der Ergebnisse hier nur über die Streuung der Einzelmessungen kontrollierbar. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Rauheitsanforderungen gültiger Normen und Richtlinien oft unterschritten werden können. Dagegen sollte zur Sicherstellung einer hohen Messgenauigkeit, insbesondere bei großen Rauheiten, die Anzahl der Messungen jedoch erhöht werden.
Corrosion fatigue assessment of extruded magnesium alloys AZ31 and ME20
Authors: Klein Martin , Wittke Philipp , Hoppe Roland , Letzig Dietmar , Walther Frank 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The corrosion fatigue behavior of extruded magnesium alloys AZ31 and ME20 was characterized by means of load increase tests in 5 wt.-% NaCl solution. The results were correlated with the respective corrosion behaviors investigated in immersion tests and by means of microstructural investigations after precorrosion. ME20 exhibited a superior corrosion resistance compared to AZ31, probably as a result of an enhanced passivation tendency due to grain refinement because of the presence of rare earth alloying elements. Accordingly, no differences in the cyclic deformation behaviors of ME20 in air and 5 wt.-% NaCl solution were observed in the load increase tests, while AZ31 exhibited a reduction of the estimated fatigue strengths as well as signs of embrittlement due to the mechanical-medial load.
Gaussian filtering algorithm describing the topography of temper rolled strip and related edge effect
Authors: Xia Chunyu , Li Hongbo , Zhang Jie , Zhang Xin , Jia Shenghui 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The surface topography of temper rolled strip consists of a range of spatial wavelengths with approximate normal distribution in height. Gaussian filtering methods can be applied in measuring and characterizing the topography of temper rolled strip. In this study, three Gaussian filtering algorithms, namely convolution algorithm, fast Fourier transform algorithm and fast recursive algorithm, are compared, in order to find out the most suitable one for the topography of temper rolled strip. A similar profile extension method based on the distribution of the topography of strip is proposed to eliminate the edge effect. The results show that the convolution algorithm is obviously beneficial for the computational efficiency. It is also found that the similar profile extension method can effectively eliminate the edge effect and improve the reliability of edge data. The Gaussian convolution algorithm, combined with the similar profile extension method, is able to effectively assess the surface topography of temper rolled strip.
Impression creep behavior of magnesium alloy ZK60
Authors: Liao Huimin , Zeng Ming , Chen Hong 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Creep behavior of the ZK60 magnesium alloy was investigated using impression creep technique. The tests were carried out under constant punching stress at high temperatures (175, 200 and 225 °C) under low stresses (25, 50, 75 and 100 MPa) and at low temperatures (100, 125 and 150 °C) under high stresses (100, 125, 150 and 175 MPa). The creep mechanism of the extruded ZK60 magnesium alloy is grain boundary sliding by dislocation climbing obtained at low temperature and high pressure. At high temperature and under low pressure, the creep mechanism of the extruded ZK60 magnesium alloy is grain boundary diffusion by grain boundary sliding. The initial microstructure of the extruded ZK60 magnesium alloy was composed of mainly Mg phase and a little MgZn phase. Under the conditions of low temperature and high pressure, MgZn2 phase precipitated during creep deformation. Under the conditions of high temperature and low pressure, MgZn2 phase and a small amount of Zr-Zn phase precipitated during creep deformation. The creep resistance of magnesium alloy ZK60 under the conditions of low temperature and high pressure is better than under the conditions of high temperature and low pressure.
Low heat input welding of nickel superalloy GTD-111 with Inconel 625 filler metal
Authors: Athiroj Athittaya , Wangyao Panyawat , Hartung Fritz , Lothongkum Gobboon 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
GTD-111 precipitation-strengthened nickel-based superalloy is widely used in blades of gas turbine engines which operate at high temperature and in a hot localized corrosion atmosphere. After long-term exposure to high temperature, γ' precipitate is known to exhibit catastrophic changes in size and distribution which cause deterioration of its properties and failure of the component. In this study, a damaged blade removed froma land-based gas turbine generator was subjected to nonpre-heat-treated GTAW and laser welding repair with various welding powers in the range of 135 to 295 J × mm−1, followed by post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) at 1473 K for 7200 s and strain aging at 1118 K for 86 400 s. Results show no significant relationship between welding powers, size and area fraction of the γ' precipitate in the fcc γ matrix in both GTAW and laser-welded specimens. The final γ' precipitate size and distribution depend mainly on PWHT parameters as γ' precipitates in all GTAW and laser welded specimens showed similar size and area fraction independently of the heat input from welding. Unmixed zones are observed in all laser welding specimens which may cause preferential weld corrosion during service. Microcrack occurrence due to welding and PWHT processes is also discussed.
Prospective, randomized multicenter study of cervical arthroplasty versus anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: 5-year results with a metal-on-metal artificial disc
Authors: Coric Domagoj , Guyer Richard D. , Nunley Pierce D. , Musante David , Carmody Cameron , Gordon Charles , Lauryssen Carl , Boltes Margaret O. , Ohnmeiss Donna D. 
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVESeven cervical total disc replacement (TDR) devices have received FDA approval since 2006. These devices represent a heterogeneous assortment of implants made from various biomaterials with different biomechanical properties. The majority of these devices are composed of metallic endplates with a polymer core. In this prospective, randomized multicenter study, the authors evaluate the safety and efficacy of a metal-on-metal (MoM) TDR (Kineflex|C) versus anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) in the treatment of single-level spondylosis with radiculopathy through a long-term (5-year) follow-up.METHODSAn FDA-regulated investigational device exemption (IDE) pivotal trial was conducted at 21 centers across the United States. Standard validated outcome measures including the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and visual analog scale (VAS) for assessing pain were used. Patients were randomized to undergo TDR using the Kineflex|C cervical artificial disc or anterior cervical fusion using structural allograft and an anterior plate. Patients were evaluated preoperatively and at 6 weeks and 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months after surgery. Serum ion analysis was performed on a subset of patients randomized to receive the MoM TDR.RESULTSA total of 269 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to undergo either TDR (136 patients) or ACDF (133 patients). There were no significant differences between the TDR and ACDF groups in terms of operative time, blood loss, or length of hospital stay. In both groups, the mean NDI scores improved significantly by 6 weeks after surgery and remained significantly improved throughout the 60-month follow-up (both p < 0.01). Similarly, VAS pain scores improved significantly by 6 weeks and remained significantly improved through the 60-month follow-up (both p < 0.01). There were no significant changes in outcomes between the 24- and 60-month follow-ups in either group. Range of motion in the TDR group decreased at 3 months but was significantly greater than the preoperative mean value at the 12- and 24-month follow-ups and remained significantly improved through the 60-month period. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of reoperation/revision surgery or device-/surgery-related adverse events. The serum ion analysis revealed cobalt and chromium levels significantly lower than the levels that merit monitoring.CONCLUSIONSCervical TDR with an MoM device is safe and efficacious at the 5-year follow-up. These results from a prospective randomized study support that Kineflex|C TDR as a viable alternative to ACDF in appropriately selected patients with cervical radiculopathy.Clinical trial registration no.: NCT00374413 (clinicaltrials.gov)
The relationship between repeat resection and overall survival in patients with glioblastoma: a time-dependent analysis
Authors: Goldman Debra A. , Hovinga Koos , Reiner Anne S. , Esquenazi Yoshua , Tabar Viviane , Panageas Katherine S. 
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVEPrevious studies assessed the relationship between repeat resection and overall survival (OS) in patients with glioblastoma, but ignoring the timing of repeat resection may have led to biased conclusions. Statistical methods that take time into account are well established and applied consistently in other medical fields. The goal of this study was to illustrate the change in the effect of repeat resection on OS in patients with glioblastoma once timing of resection is incorporated.METHODSThe authors conducted a retrospective study of patients initially diagnosed with glioblastoma between January 2005 and December 2014 who were treated at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Patients underwent at least 1 craniotomy with both pre- and postoperative MRI data available. The effect of repeat resection on OS was assessed with time-dependent extended Cox regression controlling for extent of resection, initial Karnofsky Performance Scale score, sex, age, multifocal status, eloquent status, and postoperative treatment.RESULTSEighty-nine (55%) of 163 patients underwent repeat resection with a median time between resections of 7.7 months (range 0.5–50.8 months). Median OS was 18.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 16.3–20.5 months) from initial resection. When timing of repeat resection was ignored, repeat resection was associated with a lower risk of death (hazard ratio [HR] 0.62, 95% CI 0.43–0.90, p = 0.01); however, when timing was taken into account, repeat resection was associated with a higher risk of death (HR 2.19, 95% CI 1.47–3.28, p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSIn this study, accounting for timing of repeat resection reversed its protective effect on OS, suggesting repeat resection may not benefit OS in all patients. These findings establish a foundation for future work by accounting for timing of repeat resection using time-dependent methods in the evaluation of repeat resection on OS. Additional recommendations include improved data capture that includes mutational data, development of algorithms for determining eligibility for repeat resection, more rigorous statistical analyses, and the assessment of additional benefits of repeat resection, such as reduction of symptom burden and enhanced quality of life.
Analysis of clinical factors and PDGFR-β in predicting prognosis of patients with clival chordoma
Authors: Zhai Yixuan , Bai Jiwei , Wang Shuai , Gao Hua , Li Mingxuan , Li Chuzhong , Gui Songbai , Zhang Yazhuo 
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVEIn this study, the authors’ aim was to research clinical features and prognostic factors in patients harboring clival chordomas and explore the relationship between platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR-β) expression and tumor invasion and prognosis of clival chordoma.METHODSA total of 242 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical information, including extent of resection, Al-Mefty classification, postoperative complications, and postoperative radiotherapy, was reviewed. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate survival time. Immunohistochemical analysis, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting were used to measure the expression level of proteins or mRNA. Transwell assaying was performed to measure the invasive ability of the tumor cells.RESULTSAccording to the Al-Mefty classification, there were 37, 112, and 93 type I, II, and III tumors, respectively. Gross-total resection (GTR) was achieved in 86 cases (35.5%), subtotal resection (STR) in 63 cases (26.0%), and partial resection (PR) in 93 cases (38.4%). The 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates in the GTR group were significantly higher than those in the non–total resection (NTR; i.e., STR and PR) group (p < 0.001). The 5-year PFS and OS rates for patients with type I tumors were significantly higher than those for patients harboring types II and III tumors (p < 0.001). In the NTR group, the median PFS and OS of patients with lower PDGFR-β expression were significantly longer than those of patients with higher PDGFR-β expression. Reduction of PDGFR-β suppressed the invasion ability of cells in vitro. In addition, reduction of PDGFR-β can obviously downregulate the expression levels of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) or phospho-mTOR.CONCLUSIONSExtent of resection, Al-Mefty classification, primary tumor, postoperative radiotherapy, and PDGFR-β expression level are valuable prognostic factors in patients with clival chordomas. PDGFR-β could regulate invasion through the mTOR pathway in clival chordoma cells.