bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Usefulness of Ret‐Cam imaging in diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of retinoblastoma
Authors: Romanowska Dixon B. , Morawski K. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeTo present a group of children with retinoblastoma whose diagnostic, therapeutic and monitoring decisions were made using Ret‐CamMethodsChildren treated in the Department of Ophthalmology and Ophthalmic Oncology for retinoblastoma in the 1900s. Diagnosis was made after ophthalmic examination under general anesthesia with Ret‐Cam and ultrasonography. Treatment was performed with VEC chemoreduction, iodine and ruthenium brachytherapy, cryotherapy, and transpupillary thermotherapy.ResultsThe results of treatment and control were documented on a Ret‐Cam camera. Photographs of intraocular tumors have been made prior to treatment, after chemoreduction, after local treatment and during the follow‐up. Tumors regression, vitreous seeds and possible radiation retinopathy were monitored.ConclusionsPhotographic documentation using the Ret‐Cam is very useful in treating retinoblastoma. The biggest advantage is the objective possibility to compare and evaluate the results of treatment and control
Macular thickness changes using spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography automated layer segmentation in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Barata A. , Leal I. , Sousa F. , Teixeira F. , Henriques J. , Pinto F. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeWe aim to study the role of automated layer segmentation in MS patients’ management.MethodsRetrospective study that included 39 patients (78 eyes) with confirmed diagnosis of MS and 35 healthy age‐matched controls. Macular spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography scans (SD‐OCT, Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) were obtained followed by automated retinal layer segmentation at the center of fovea and at a radius of 3–6 mm from the superior, inferior, temporal and nasal sectors (ETDRS grid). Patients with MS were subdivided into two groups: (1) with known previous ON, (2) not known previous ON. Statistical analysis using two sample t‐test was made to calculate significant results between groups with 95% confidence interval.ResultsTotal central and inner layers macular thickness was significantly reduced in MS patients compared to control group (p < 0.05) predominantly due to retinal nerve fibre (RNFL), ganglion cell (GCL) and inner plexiform layers (IPL) reduction in foveal, parafoveal and perifoveal sectors with exception of RFNL temporal sector. GCL and IPL were significantly reduced in foveal and parafoveal sectors between group 1 and 2 (p < 0.05) while no significant RNFL reduction was observed between these groups.ConclusionsReductions in total central and inner layers macular thickness can be detected in MS eyes with or without a previous history of known ON. As many ON episodes are not clinically detected, OCT may act as CNS imaging tool documenting neuronal degeneration in MS patients.
An assessment of pregnant women's knowledge and use of the Internet for medication safety information and purchase
Authors: Sinclair Marlene , Lagan B.M. , Dolk Helen , McCullough Julie E. M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to assess pregnant women's Internet searching activity about medication safety, knowledge and perceptions of medication risk and willingness to take prescribed and non‐prescribed medication or make online medication purchases.BackgroundOnline medication advice for pregnant women is complex. The quality and veracity of this data is increasingly important as more midwives report women are bringing retrieved online information to clinical appointments. Pregnant women's use of the Internet for seeking medication advice and purchasing medications has not yet been fully investigated.DesignOnline survey conducted from January ‐ March 2013.FindingsOf the 284 respondents, 39% were taking a medication when they became pregnant and 76% had searched the Internet for medication safety information. Analgesics were the most commonly searched category (41%). Health service sites were the most common online source and regarded as the most helpful and trusted. Regardless of age and education level, 90% of women agreed that if trying to become pregnant they would reconsider taking any medications because of the potential risk to their unborn baby. Forty‐six percent of women with higher levels of education consider buying medication online as safe, a greater proportion than those of lower education. Five percent of women reported buying medication online.ConclusionThe lack of specific recommendations for medication use during pregnancy is challenging for healthcare staff and pregnant women who need robust evidence to make informed treatment decisions. The Internet is a recognized, commonly accessed, source of medication information for pregnant women.
Experience of the waiting area as perceived by haemodialysis patients and family carers
Authors: Kim Yoonsoo , Kim Miyoung , Bhandari Pratibha , Choi Sujin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimTo identify the meaning of the waiting area based on the experiences of haemodialysis patients and their carers and to develop an optimal social environment for meaningful nursing care.BackgroundHaemodialysis patients require treatment three times a week and they and their carers spend much of their time in waiting areas, where they experience a unique culture. Limited qualitative research has focused on the culture of the waiting area among haemodialysis patients in South Korea.DesignA qualitative study using an ethnographic approach.MethodsEighteen participants were recruited in a hospital waiting area. The data were collected via participant observations and interviews from 24 November 2015–21 April 2016. Spradley's research sequence was employed to analyse the data.ResultsThree themes were identified that describe the unique characteristics of the waiting area: sharing information and consoling, inhabiting a separate area of ease and discomfort and experiencing vigilance and unsure stillness. The overarching theme was a boundary space that presented antithetical and dynamic patterns.ConclusionsThis study contributes to a better understanding of the distinct culture experienced by haemodialysis patients in the waiting area and the findings can help nurses deliver more meaningful care. Nursing interventions germane to psychological and emotional support and applicable nursing education should be seriously considered for haemodialysis waiting rooms.
ABayesian CUSUMplot: Diagnosing quality of treatment
Authors: Rosthøj Steen , Jacobsen Rikke‐Line 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo present a CUSUM plot based on Bayesian diagnostic reasoning displaying evidence in favour of “healthy” rather than “sick” quality of treatment (QOT), and to demonstrate a technique using Kaplan‐Meier survival curves permitting application to case series with ongoing follow‐up.MethodsFor a case series with known final outcomes: Consider each case a diagnostic test of good versus poor QOT (expected vs. increased failure rates), determine the likelihood ratio (LR) of the observed outcome, convert LR to weight taking log to base 2, and add up weights sequentially in a plot showing how many times odds in favour of good QOT have been doubled. For a series with observed survival times and an expected survival curve: Divide the curve into time intervals, determine “healthy” and specify “sick” risks of failure in each interval, construct a “sick” survival curve, determine the LR of survival or failure at the given observation times, convert to weights, and add up.ResultsThe Bayesian plot was applied retrospectively to 39 children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with completed follow‐up, using Nordic collaborative results as reference, showing equal odds between good and poor QOT. In the ongoing treatment trial, with 22 of 37 children still at risk for event, QOT has been monitored with average survival curves as reference, odds so far favoring good QOT 2:1.ConclusionQOT in small patient series can be assessed with a Bayesian CUSUM plot, retrospectively when all treatment outcomes are known, but also in ongoing series with unfinished follow‐up.
ProSAAS‐derived peptides are regulated by cocaine and are required for sensitization to the locomotor effects of cocaine
Authors: Berezniuk Iryna , Rodriguiz Ramona M. , Zee Michael L. , Marcus David J. , Pintar John , Morgan Daniel J. , Wetsel William C. , Fricker Lloyd D. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTo identify neuropeptides that are regulated by cocaine, we used a quantitative peptidomic technique to examine the relative levels of neuropeptides in several regions of mouse brain following daily intraperitoneal administration of 10 mg/kg cocaine or saline for 7 days. A total of 102 distinct peptides were identified in one or more of the following brain regions: nucleus accumbens, caudate putamen, frontal cortex, and ventral tegmental area. None of the peptides detected in the caudate putamen or frontal cortex were altered by cocaine administration. Three peptides in the nucleus accumbens and seven peptides in the ventral tegmental area were significantly decreased in cocaine‐treated mice. Five of these ten peptides are derived from proSAAS, a secretory pathway protein and neuropeptide precursor. To investigate whether proSAAS peptides contribute to the physiological effects of psychostimulants, we examined acute responses to cocaine and amphetamine in the open field with wild‐type (WT) and proSAAS knockout (KO) mice. Locomotion was stimulated more robustly in the WT compared to mutant mice for both psychostimulants. Behavioral sensitization to amphetamine was not maintained in proSAAS KO mice and these mutants failed to sensitize to cocaine. To determine whether the rewarding effects of cocaine were altered, mice were tested in conditioned place preference (CPP). Both WT and proSAAS KO mice showed dose‐dependent CPP to cocaine that was not distinguished by genotype. Taken together, these results suggest that proSAAS‐derived peptides contribute differentially to the behavioral sensitization to psychostimulants, while the rewarding effects of cocaine appear intact in mice lacking proSAAS.
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Specific rescue by ortho‐hydroxy atorvastatin of cortical GABAergic neurons from previous oxygen/glucose deprivation: role of pCREB
Authors: Guirao Verónica , Martí‐Sistac Octavi , DeGregorio‐Rocasolano Núria , Ponce Jovita , Dávalos Antoni , Gasull Teresa 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe statin atorvastatin (ATV) given as a post‐treatment has been reported beneficial in stroke, although the mechanisms involved are not well understood so far. Here, we investigated in vitro the effect of post‐treatment with ATV and its main bioactive metabolite ortho‐hydroxy ATV (o‐ATV) on neuroprotection after oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD), and the role of the pro‐survival cAMP response element‐binding protein (CREB). Post‐OGD treatment of primary cultures of rat cortical neurons with o‐ATV, but not ATV, provided neuroprotection to a specific subset of cortical neurons that were large and positive for glutamic acid decarboxylase (large‐GAD(+) neurons, GABAergic). Significantly, only these GABAergic neurons showed an increase in phosphorylated CREB (pCREB) early after neuronal cultures were treated post‐OGD with o‐ATV. We found that o‐ATV, but not ATV, increased the neuronal uptake of glutamate from the medium; this provides a rationale for the specific effect of o‐ATV on pCREB in large‐GABAergic neurons, which have a higher ratio of synaptic (pCREB‐promoting) vs extrasynaptic (pCREB‐reducing) N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors (NMDAR) than that of small‐non‐GABAergic neurons. When we pharmacologically increased pCREB levels post‐OGD in non‐GABAergic neurons, through the selective activation of synaptic NMDAR, we observed as well long‐lasting neuronal survival. We propose that the statin metabolite o‐ATV given post‐OGD boosts the intrinsic pro‐survival factor pCREB in large‐GABAergic cortical neurons in vitro, this contributing to protect them from OGD.
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Variation in job titles within the nursing workforce
Authors: Leary Alison , Maclaine Katrina , Trevatt Paul , Radford Mark , Punshon Geoffrey 
Published: September 2017

Aims and objectives/backgroundThe work of specialist nursing has been under scrutiny for many years in the UK due to a perception that it is not cost‐effective. A common issue is the lack of consistency of job titles, which causes confusion to the public, employing organisations, colleagues and commissioners of services. Lack of consistency has implications for the wider perception of advanced specialist practice in the worldwide community and the workforce more generally. This study aims to understand the variation in job titles in the UK population.MethodsA pre‐existing data set of accrued studies into the work of nurses working in specialisms was mined for insight (N = 17,960). This study used knowledge discovery through data and descriptive statistics to perform secondary analysis.ResultsMining these data revealed 595 job titles in use in 17,960 specialist posts once the specialism had been removed. The most commonly used titles were Clinical Nurse Specialist, Nurse Specialist/Specialist Nurse, Advanced Nurse Practitioner and Nurse Practitioner. There were three other primary groupings. These were variants with a specialist or technical prefix of suffix, for example Nurse Endoscopist, variants of seniority such as trainee, senior nurse for [specialism] or variants of function such as Nurse Prescriber. The clustering was driven primarily by pay band.A total of 323 posts were recorded as holding titles such as Advanced Nurse Practitioner or Specialist Nurse who were not registered with the Nursing & Midwifery Council.Relevance to clinical practiceIn this data set, there is a large array of titles, which appear to have little relationship with other factors like education. This is confusing to the public, employers and those commissioning services. It also demonstrates that the previous assumptions by Council for Healthcare Regulatory Excellence that advanced practice labels are associated with career progression are unsound and should be addressed by the regulator.
Parental professional help‐seeking for infant sleep
Authors: Hsu Pei‐Wen , Wu Wei‐Wen , Tung Yi‐Ching , Thomas Karen A. , Tsai Shao‐Yu 
Published: September 2017

Aims and objectivesTo explore the perceptions and experiences of parental professional help‐seeking for infant sleep and sleep‐related concerns.BackgroundInfant sleep is a frequent concern for parents. However, very little is known about the reasons parents seek, do not seek or delay seeking professional attention about their concerns related to infant sleep.Design and methodsA qualitative study design was used. Twenty audio‐taped interviews with parents of healthy 12‐month‐old infants were conducted at a university‐affiliated hospital or parents’ homes depending on where parents felt more comfortable discussing their personal views and medical help‐seeking experiences. Thematic content analysis was performed to determine specific patterns and similarities within and between interview data.FindingsThree main themes developed from the interviews were as follows: (i) uncertainty about infant sleep; (ii) I can handle infant sleep; and (iii) I am not satisfied with the professional services provided for infant sleep. Overall, parents knew little about or misunderstood infant sleep behaviours. Lack of proper information and knowledge about infant sleep influenced parents’ motivation for professional help‐seeking and help‐receiving. Parents who have consulted a healthcare professional but received unsatisfactory responses, such as an ambivalent attitude or insufficient assessment, reported being less motivated or unwilling to seek medical help again.ConclusionOur study demonstrates the complexity of parental professional help‐seeking and receiving for infant sleep. Findings suggest that parents perceive a wide range of barriers that influence the likelihood that they will seek professional advice for infant sleep.Relevance to clinical practiceReducing knowledge barriers and providing adequate attention at all well‐infant visits would facilitate parental use of healthcare services to manage problematic infant sleep behaviours.
The experience of dementia: a review of the literature and implications for nursing practice
Authors: KEADY JOHN 
Published: September 2017

SUMMARY
This paper explores the early experience of dementia when the veil of uncertainty that surrounds the diagnosis of this condition is lifted. Consideration will also be given to the impact of dementia on carers and the service demands that are created.
In the UK alone there are estimated to be 636 000 people living with dementia, with this figure rising to just under 900000 by the year 2021. In the USA the projected number of people with Alzheimer's disease is expected to be 9000000 by the year 2040.
Despite a wealth of social and gerontological research on the impact of dementia upon family carers, service responses and policy initiatives are fragmented because dementia is excluded from some important recent initiatives, such as the Mental Health Task Force.
Current services and interventions focus predominantly on the later stages of dementia, when a meaningful perspective of the person with dementia is difficult to obtain.
Nursing has a relatively long history of caring for people with dementia and their family carers. The paper will also consider the contribution of nursing and nursing research to the field and explore additional avenues for service intervention and education.
Home monitoring of infants at increased risk of sudden death
Authors: NOYES JANE , STEBBENS VALERIE , SOBHAN GULSHAN , SAMUELS MARTIN , SOUTHALL DAVID 
Published: September 2017

SUMMARY
Home apnoea and cardiorespiratory monitors are commonly used in the UK, the rest of Europe and USA in infants at increased risk of ‘sudden infant death’.
The efficacy of apnoea and cardiorespiratory monitors remains unknown.
The use of transcutaneous oxygen monitoring is presented as an alternative method of home monitoring.
Recommendations are proposed regarding nursing practice and the future of home monitoring in infants at increased risk of sudden death.
Chronic sleep reduction is associated with academic achievement and study concentration in higher education students
Authors: van der Heijden Kristiaan B. , Vermeulen Marije C. M. , Donjacour Claire E. H. M. , Gordijn Marijke C. M. , Hamburger Hans L. , Meijer Anne M. , van Rijn Karin J. , Vlak Monique , Weysen Tim 
Published: September 2017

SummaryInadequate sleep impairs cognitive function and has been associated with worse academic achievement in higher education students; however, studies that control for relevant background factors and include knowledge on sleep hygiene are scarce. This study examined the association of chronic sleep reduction (i.e. symptoms of chronic sleep reduction such as shortness of sleep, sleepiness and irritation), subjective sleep quality and sleep hygiene knowledge with academic achievement (grades and study credits) and study concentration among 1378 higher education students (71% female, mean age 21.73 years, SD = 3.22) in the Netherlands. Demographic, health, lifestyle and study behaviour characteristics were included as covariates in hierarchical regression analyses. After controlling for significant covariates, only chronic sleep reduction remained a significant predictor of lower grades (last exam, average in current academic year). Better sleep quality and sleep hygiene knowledge were associated with better academic achievement, but significance was lost after controlling for covariates, except for a remaining positive association between sleep hygiene beliefs and grades in the current academic year. Moreover, better sleep quality and lower scores on chronic sleep reduction were associated with better study concentration after controlling for significant covariates. To conclude, chronic sleep reduction is associated with academic achievement and study concentration in higher education students. Inadequate sleep hygiene knowledge is moderately associated with worse academic achievement. Future research should investigate whether sleep hygiene interventions improve academic achievement in students of higher education.
Individual healthcare plan for allergic children at school: Lessons from a 2015‐2016 school year survey
Authors: Pouessel Guillaume , Lejeune Stépanie , Dupond Marie‐Pierre , Renard Annie , Fallot Camille , Deschildre Antoine 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe individual healthcare plan (IHP) was implemented in schools in France in 2003 to improve management of allergic children. Our objectives were to assess the practical aspects of IHP (excluding asthma) and allergic reactions occurring at school.MethodsProspective study conducted in the North Department (France) during the 2015/2016 school year. Two questionnaires were developed: one for the school doctors (n = 67) and one for the school principals (n = 2372).ResultsData from 336 (25%) of the 1325 IHPs (0.24% of children) were collected (mean age: 8 years; food allergy [FA]: 94% [peanut = 44%, nuts = 54%], venom: 4%). Wide variations in emergency kit (EK) medications were observed: antihistamines (84%), oral corticosteroids (79%), adrenaline auto‐injectors (70%), and inhaled bronchodilators (65%). Six hundred and seventy (28%) school principals’ responses, representing 81% of all IHPs, were analyzed. A total of 1935 EKs were stored (mean: 2.8/school), one or more with adrenaline, by 213 (32%) schools: in the class room (33%), the nursery (14%), or the principal's office (10%). Sixty, mainly, mild‐to‐moderate allergic reactions (adrenaline injection: 2) occurred in 44 schools (0.09/school/year), in children with previously undocumented allergy in 50%. FA was highly suspected in 92%.ConclusionIndividual healthcare plan is mainly implemented for FA. Anaphylaxis remains rare in the school setting, and FA is often a suspected cause of reaction. Staff training should be improved. Application of the recommendations regarding the content and accessibility of EK and a widespread emergency action plan is needed.
Protease‐activated receptor 2 contributes to Toxoplasma gondii‐mediated gut inflammation
Authors: Bonnart C. , Feuillet G. , Vasseur V. , Cenac N. , Vergnolle N. , Blanchard N. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryToxoplasma gondii is a widespread intracellular parasite, which naturally enters the organism via the oral route and crosses the intestinal barrier to disseminate. In addition to neuronal and ocular pathologies, this pathogen also causes gut inflammation in a number of animals. This infection‐triggered inflammation has been extensively studied in the C57BL/6 mice, highlighting the importance of the immune cells and their mediators in the development of gut pathology. However, despite their importance in inflammation, the role of protease‐activated receptors (PAR) was never reported in the context of T.gondii‐mediated small intestine inflammation. Using genetically modified mice, we show that PAR2 plays a pathogenic role in the development of gut inflammatory lesions. We find that PAR2 controls the innate inflammatory mediators IL‐6, KC/CXCL1, PGE2 as well as neutrophil infiltration in T. gondii‐triggered gut damage. These results bring new knowledge on the mechanisms operating in the gut in response to T. gondii infection.