bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in extraction, utilization, and development of chitin/chitosan and its derivatives from shrimp shell waste
Authors: Gao Mingyue , Tang Hanqi , Zhu Hongguang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractShrimp consumption is in great demand among the seafood used globally. However, this expansion has resulted in the substantial generation and disposal of shrimp shell waste. Through literature search, it has been observed that since 2020, global scholars have shown unprecedented interest in shrimp shell waste and its chitin/chitosan. However, these new insights lack corresponding and comprehensive summarization and analysis. Therefore, this article provides a detailed review of the extraction methods, applications, and the latest research developments on chitin/chitosan from shrimp shells, including micro‐nano derivatives, from 2020 to the present. The results indicate that chemical extraction remains the primary technique for the extraction and preparation of chitin/chitosan from shrimp shells. With further refinement and development, adjusting parameters in the chemical extraction process or employing auxiliary techniques such as microwave and radiation enable the customization of target products with different characteristics (e.g., deacetylation degree, molecular weight, and degree of acetylation) according to specific needs. Additionally, in pursuit of environmentally friendly, efficient, and gentle extraction processes, recent research has shifted toward microbial fermentation and green solvent methods for chitin/chitosan extraction. Beyond the traditional antibacterial, film‐forming, and encapsulation functionalities, research into the applications of chitosan in biomedical, food processing, new materials, water treatment, and adsorption fields is gradually deepening. Chitin/chitosan derivatives and their modified products have also been a focal point of research in recent years. However, with the rapid expansion, the future development of chitin/chitosan and its derivatives still faces challenges related to the unclear mechanism of action and the complexities associated with industrial scale‐up.
A nondestructive technique for the sex identification of third instar Cochliomyia macellaria larvae
Authors: Holman Aidan P. , Pickett Davis N. , Orr Abigail E. , Tarone Aaron M. , Kurouski Dmitry 
Published: September 2024

AbstractForensic entomology plays an important role in medicolegal investigations by using insects, primarily flies, to estimate the time of colonization. This estimation relies on the development of the flies found at the (death) scene and can be affected (and sometimes corrected) by external factors, such as temperature and humidity, and internal factors, such as species and sex. This study leverages infrared (IR) spectroscopy combined with machine learning models—Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS‐DA) and eXtreme Gradient Boosting trees Discriminant Analysis (XGBDA)—to differentiate between male and female Cochliomyia macellaria larvae, commonly found on human remains. Significant vibrational differences were detected in the infrared spectra of third instar C. macellaria larvae, with distinct peaks showing variations in relative absorbance between sexes, suggesting differences in biochemical compositions such as cuticular proteins and lipids. The application of PLS‐DA and XGBDA yielded high classification accuracies of about 94% and 96%, respectively, with female spectra consistently having higher sensitivity than males. This non‐destructive approach offers the potential to refine supplemental post‐mortem interval estimations significantly, enhancing the accuracy of forensic analyses.
Fkbp5 gene deletion: Circadian rhythm profile and brain proteomics in aged mice
Authors: Gebru Niat T. , Guergues Jennifer , Verdina Laura A. , Wohlfahrt Jessica , Wang Shuai , Armendariz Debra S. , Gray Marsilla , Beaulieu‐Abdelahad David , Stevens Stanley M. , Gulick Danielle , Blair Laura J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFKBP51, also known as FK506‐binding protein 51, is a molecular chaperone and scaffolding protein with significant roles in regulating hormone signaling and responding to stress. Genetic variants in FKBP5, which encodes FKBP51, have been implicated in a growing number of neuropsychiatric disorders, which has spurred efforts to target FKBP51 therapeutically. However, the molecular mechanisms and sub‐anatomical regions influenced by FKBP51 in these disorders are not fully understood. In this study, we aimed to examine the impact of Fkbp5 ablation using circadian phenotyping and molecular analyses. Our findings revealed that the lack of FKBP51 did not significantly alter circadian rhythms, as detected by wheel‐running activity, but did offer protection against stress‐mediated disruptions in rhythmicity in a sex‐dependent manner. Protein changes in Fkbp5 KO mice, as measured by histology and proteomics, revealed alterations in a brain region‐ and sex‐dependent manner. Notably, regardless of sex, aged Fkbp5 KOs showed elevated MYCBP2, FBXO45, and SPRYD3 levels, which are associated with neuronal‐cell adhesion and synaptic integrity. Additionally, pathways such as serotonin receptor signaling and S100 family signaling were differentially regulated in Fkbp5 KO mice. Weighted protein correlation network analysis identified protein networks linked with synaptic transmission and neuroinflammation. The information generated by this work can be used to better understand the molecular changes in the brain during aging and in the absence of Fkbp5, which has implications for the continued development of FKBP51‐focused therapeutics for stress‐related disorders.
Unacylated Ghrelin Protects Against Age‐Related Loss of Muscle Mass and Contractile Dysfunction in Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Kim Hyunyoung , Ranjit Rojina , Claflin Dennis R. , Georgescu Constantin , Wren Jonathan D. , Brooks Susan V. , Miller Benjamin F. , Ahn Bumsoo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSarcopenia, the progressive loss of muscle mass and function, universally affects older adults and is closely associated with frailty and reduced quality of life. Despite the inevitable consequences of sarcopenia and its relevance to healthspan, no pharmacological therapies are currently available. Ghrelin is a gut‐released hormone that increases appetite and body weight through acylation. Acylated ghrelin activates its receptor, growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHSR1a), in the brain by binding to it. Studies have demonstrated that acyl and unacylated ghrelin (UnAG) both have protective effects against acute pathological conditions independent of receptor activation. Here, we investigated the long‐term effects of UnAG in age‐associated muscle atrophy and contractile dysfunction in mice. Four‐month‐old and 18‐month‐old mice were subjected to either UnAG or control treatment for 10 months. UnAG did not affect food consumption or body weight. Gastrocnemius and quadriceps muscle weights were reduced by 20%–30% with age, which was partially protected against by UnAG. Specific force, force per cross‐sectional area, measured in isolated extensor digitorum longus muscle was diminished by 30% in old mice; however, UnAG prevented the loss of specific force. UnAG also protected from decreases in mitochondrial respiration and increases in hydrogen peroxide generation of skeletal muscle of old mice. Results of bulk mRNA‐seq analysis and our contractile function data show that UnAG reversed neuromuscular junction impairment that occurs with age. Collectively, our data revealed the direct role of UnAG in mitigating sarcopenia in mice, independent of food consumption or body weight, implicating UnAG treatment as a potential therapy against sarcopenia.
Rapamycin's lifespan effect is modulated by mito‐nuclear epistasis in Drosophila
Authors: Ibrahim Rita , Bahilo Martinez Maria , Dobson Adam J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe macrolide drug rapamycin is a benchmark anti‐ageing drug, which robustly extends lifespan of diverse organisms. For any health intervention, it is paramount to establish whether benefits are distributed equitably among individuals and populations, and ideally to match intervention to recipients' needs. However, how responses to rapamycin vary is surprisingly understudied. Here we investigate how among‐population variation in both mitochondrial and nuclear genetics shapes rapamycin's effects on lifespan. We show that epistatic “mito‐nuclear” interactions, between mitochondria and nuclei, modulate the response to rapamycin treatment. Differences manifest as differential demographic effects of rapamycin, with altered age‐specific mortality rate. However, a fitness cost of rapamycin early in life does not show a correlated response, suggesting that mito‐nuclear epistasis can decouple costs and benefits of treatment. These findings suggest that a deeper understanding of how variation in mitochondrial and nuclear genomes shapes physiology may facilitate tailoring of anti‐ageing therapy to individual need.
Does Bold Forecast After Job Change Improve Forecast Accuracy? Evidence From Korean Sell‐Side Analysts
Authors: Park Sohee 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates how incentives generated by intrafirm tournaments affect the informativeness of bold forecasts issued by sell‐side analysts who have recently switched employers. Prior literature suggests that bold forecasts may lose accuracy when they are influenced by tournament‐induced incentives. Extending this literature, I find that bold forecasts from transitioning analysts tend to result in decreased forecast accuracy. This negative effect is mitigated when analysts are less concerned about their disadvantages in the new intrafirm tournament—specifically, when they are more experienced, more competent, or have moved to more prosperous brokerage houses. These findings suggest that bold forecasts by transitioning analysts are partly influenced by intrafirm tournament‐induced risk‐taking, which can deteriorate performance quality.
Weeping womb (uretero‐uterine fistula) after cesarean section managed with robotic surgery
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Deshpande Rohit Sanjay , Chandramouli Sivaraman 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSince the last decade, iatrogenic injuries of ureter are increasingly common. We describe a case of 36‐year‐old young female, who underwent emergency cesarean section, presented to us after 3 weeks, with clear vaginal discharge. After evaluated with clinical examination and radiological investigations, she was found to have left uretero‐uterine fistula and was successfully treated with robotic‐assisted left uretero‐uterine fistula repair by Lich‐Gregoir technique.
The Effects of Caring for Grandchildren on Health and Well‐Being of Grandparents: Evidence From Vietnam
Authors: Le Duc Dung , Giang Long Thanh 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTTo date, studies on the effects of grandparenting on grandparents' health and well‐being do not reach the same conclusion and most of them have been conducted in developed countries. We add to this literature by examining the causal relationship between grandparenting and grandparents' health and well‐being in Vietnam, where the social norm and reciprocal relationships between adult children and their older parents are strong. We used instrumental variable estimations to address the endogeneity issue of the decision to provide care. Using the national survey on older persons in Vietnam, we found that grandparenting care had positive effects on psychological well‐being, life satisfaction, and self‐rated health of grandparents. We also found that the effects were heterogenous by caregiver's gender, in which grandmothers were more beneficial from caregiving tasks than grandfathers. Further exploring the mechanisms underlying the effects revealed that improvements in memory and stronger social networks were potential channels through which grandparenting might improve the health and well‐being of grandparents. Our findings support the theory of role enhancement, suggesting that grandparents can have health and well‐being benefits from grandparenting. Policies aiming at strengthening old age protection and family relationships should be advocated to sustain the subjective well‐being of older adults.
A novel inhibitor of class IIa histone deacetylases attenuates collagen‐induced arthritis
Authors: Poon Eunice K. , Liu Ligong , Wu Kai‐Chen , Lim Junxian , Sweet Matthew J. , Lohman Rink‐Jan , Iyer Abishek , Fairlie David P. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeMost inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACs) are not selective and are cytotoxic. Some have anti‐inflammatory activity in disease models, but cytotoxicity prevents long‐term uses in non‐fatal diseases. Inhibitors selective for class IIa HDACs are much less cytotoxic and may have applications in management of chronic inflammatory diseases.Experimental ApproachLL87 is a novel HDAC inhibitor examined here for HDAC enzyme selectivity. It was also investigated in macrophages for cytotoxicity and for inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated cytokine secretion. In a rat model of collagen‐induced arthritis, LL87 was investigated for effects on joint inflammation in Dark Agouti rats. Histological, immunohistochemical, micro‐computed tomography and molecular analyses characterise developing arthritis and anti‐inflammatory efficacy.Key ResultsLL87 was significantly more inhibitory against class IIa than class I or IIb HDAC enzymes. In macrophages, LL87 was not cytotoxic and reduced both LPS‐induced secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and IL6‐induced class IIa HDAC activity. In rats, LL87 attenuated paw swelling and clinical signs of arthritis, reducing collagen loss and histological damage in ankle joints. LL87 decreased immune cell infiltration, especially pro‐inflammatory macrophages and osteoclasts, into synovial joints and significantly reduced expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and tissue‐degrading proteases.Conclusion and ImplicationsA novel inhibitor of class IIa HDACs has been shown to have an anti‐inflammatory and anti‐arthritic profile distinct from current therapies. It is efficacious in reducing macrophage infiltration and joint inflammation in a chronic model of rat arthritis.
Neural Dynamic Principles for an Intentional Embodied Agent
Authors: Tekülve Jan , Schöner Gregor 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHow situated embodied agents may achieve goals using knowledge is the classical question of natural and artificial intelligence. How organisms achieve this with their nervous systems is a central challenge for a neural theory of embodied cognition. To structure this challenge, we borrow terms from Searle's analysis of intentionality in its two directions of fit and six psychological modes (perception, memory, belief, intention‐in‐action, prior intention, desire). We postulate that intentional states are instantiated by neural activation patterns that are stabilized by neural interaction. Dynamic instabilities provide the neural mechanism for initiating and terminating intentional states and are critical to organizing sequences of intentional states. Beliefs represented by networks of concept nodes are autonomously learned and activated in response to desired outcomes. The neural dynamic principles of an intentional agent are demonstrated in a toy scenario in which a robotic agent explores an environment and paints objects in desired colors based on learned color transformation rules.
Photodynamic therapy in dermatology: established and new indications
Authors: Balakirski Galina , Lehmann Percy , Szeimies Rolf‐Markus , Hofmann Silke C. 
Published: September 2024

SummaryPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is internationally established as an approved treatment option for in situ forms of keratinocytic skin cancer (actinic keratoses, Bowen's disease, basal cell carcinoma). For these indications, there are standardized treatment protocols using narrow‐spectrum light sources or (artificial) daylight, the use of which is associated with successful healing, a low rate of lesion recurrence, and a very good cosmetic result.Daylight PDT is superior to conventional PDT in terms of significantly less pain and associated higher patient acceptance.Newer indications, for which no approval has yet been granted, but which nevertheless have sufficient evidence of efficacy according to the study situation, are inflammatory (lichen sclerosus, acne) and infectious dermatoses (viral warts, cutaneous leishmaniasis, atypical mycobacteriosis). In addition, PDT is increasingly being used in aesthetic dermatology with the aim of skin rejuvenation.
A phase‐field framework for stress corrosion cracking prediction in elastoplastic metallic materials
Authors: Wang Yuan‐Zuo , Liu Zi‐Han , Yang Lu , Du Xiu‐Li 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTo capture the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in metallic materials, a phase‐field framework considering localized plastic deformation and stress states is established. A new function of critical energy release rate is proposed to describe the degradation of cracking resistance of materials in the SCC process. This proposed framework can reproduce SCC results consistent with experimental observations in C‐ring steel SCC tests, especially capturing the directionally characteristic of the cracks. Furthermore, the influences of localized plastic deformation and stress states on the SCC process are studied. This novel phase‐field framework can capture (1) the influences of coupled electricity, mechanics to the SCC mechanisms; (2) the contribution of plastic strain energy as the driving force for the phase‐field; (3) the potential and preferential crack initiation and propagation morphology within the complex stress and strain domain; and (4) the dependence of SCC rate and propagation direction on stress state and localized plastic deformation.
A diffusion‐driven model for deposit removal during water rinse
Authors: Fan Mengyuan , Kim Woo‐Ju , Heldman Dennis R. 
Published: September 2024

SummaryThe objective of this study is to develop a model that is based on water diffusion for predicting the cleaning procedure during water rinse of Clean‐in‐Place operation. The kinetics of dairy foulant generated by using dairy product was analysed. The foulants removal with three different moisture contents (6.7%, 13.4%, and 39.3%) and four different wall shear stresses (WSS, 0.013, 0.39, 0.84, and 2.42 Pa) were evaluated. It was found that the lag time decreased with increase of WSS. In addition, the maximal removal and cleaning rate was found to increase along with the elevation of the wall shear stress. Moisture contents of the deposit determines the minimum magnitude of the wall shear stress to initiate the removal process. By combining the water diffusion and removal kinetics obtained from the experiment, a model to describe the removal of the deposits has been developed. Diffusion assuming 1‐D infinite plate was used to simulate the change in moisture content. The model confirms that the foulants with a higher initial moisture content is more rapidly removed. Furthermore, the foulant removal is affected by the permeation of water into foulants as well as the wall shear stress.
MitoAMPK inhibits the Warburg effect by MZF1–SIRT6 with glycosis related genes in NSCLC
Authors: Li Shangyu , He Jinyao , Zhang Lijie , Zhao Qiaojiajie , Zhao Shuqi , Jiang Shanshan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMitoAMPK was proved to inhibit the Warburg effect, but the specific mechanisms on non‐small‐cell lung cancer remain unclear. Here, we selected SIRT6 and MZF1 to clarify the mechanism. By western blotting, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, the CCK‐8 assay, and immunohistochemistry assays, we found SIRT6 expression was lower in NSCLC tissues and cell lines than normal tissues and cells. Moreover, SIRT6 could inhibit the Warburg effect by regulating glycolysis‐related genes of SLC2A2, SLC2A4 and PKM2. Finally, we demonstrated the interaction between SIRT6 and MZF1 using ChIP‐qPCR. In conclusion, mitoAMPK inhibits the Warburg effect by regulating the expression of the MZF1–SIRT6 complex.
Experimental Periodontitis Worsens Dopaminergic Neuronal Degeneration
Authors: Jacob Gabrielle , Milan Bruna A. , Antonieto Livia Rodrigues , Levi Yara , Ribeiro Marcela Costa , Nassar Raquel , de Sousa‐Neto Manoel Damião , Mazzi‐Chaves Jardel Francisco , Messora Michel Reis , Furlaneto Flavia Aparecida Chaves , Nascimento Glauce C. , Del‐Bel Elaine 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo investigate the hypothesis supporting the link between periodontitis and dopaminergic neuron degeneration.Materials and MethodsAdult male Wistar rats were used to induce dopaminergic neuronal injury with 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) neurotoxin and experimental periodontitis via ligature placement. Motor function assessments were conducted before and after periodontitis induction in controls and 6‐OHDA‐injury‐induced rats. Tissue samples from the striatum, jaw and blood were collected for molecular analyses, encompassing immunohistochemistry of tyrosine hydroxylase, microglia and astrocyte, as well as micro‐computed tomography, to assess alveolar bone loss and for the analysis of striatal oxidative stress and plasma inflammatory markers.ResultsThe results indicated motor impairment in 6‐OHDA‐injury‐induced rats exacerbated by periodontitis, worsening dopaminergic striatal degeneration. Periodontitis alone or in combination with 6‐OHDA‐induced lesion was able to increase striatal microglia, while astrocytes were increased by the combination only. Periodontitis increased striatal reactive oxygen species levels and plasma tumour necrosis factor‐alpha levels in rats with 6‐OHDA‐induced lesions and decreased the anti‐inflammatory interleukin‐10.ConclusionsThis study provides original insights into the association between periodontitis and a neurodegenerative condition. The increased inflammatory pathway associated with both 6‐OHDA‐induced dopaminergic neuron lesion and periodontal inflammatory processes corroborates that the periodontitis‐induced systemic inflammation may aggravate neuroinflammation in Parkinson's‐like disease, potentially hastening disease progression.