bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HBsAg positivity during pregnancy and adverse maternal outcomes: a retrospective cohort analysis
Authors: Tan J. , Liu X. , Mao X. , Yu J. , Chen M. , Li Y. , Sun X. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryHepatitis B virus infection characterized by HBsAg positivity during pregnancy is a well‐recognized issue in developing countries, but the association between HBsAg positivity and adverse maternal outcomes remains uncertain. To examine the association between HBsAg positivity during pregnancy and adverse maternal outcomes, a retrospective cohort study was conducted in Sichuan province, China. Deliveries were recorded from six hospitals between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2010. Pre‐eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), postpartum haemorrhage (PPH), intrahepatic cholestasis, Caesarean section and placenta previa were prespecified adverse maternal outcomes. We used two multivariate logistic regression models to assess the association between HBsAg positivity and adverse maternal outcomes. In total, 948 (4.2%) pregnant women were HBsAg positive from 22 374 deliveries. Pregnant women with positive HBsAg had higher risk of GDM (aOR1.41, 95%CI 1.15–1.74), PPH (1.44, 1.13–1.83), intrahepatic cholestasis (1.74, 1.40–2.16) and Caesarean section (1.24, 1.06–1.45). No statistical associations were found between HBsAg positivity and pre‐eclampsia (1.36, 0.94–1.97), and placenta previa (1.21, 0.87–1.67). HBsAg positivity during pregnancy was associated with higher risk of multiple adverse maternal outcomes. Although the causality has yet to be established, efforts may be warranted in routine care, particularly in those with high risk for adverse maternal outcomes, given the volume population infected with HBsAg. Future studies are needed to establish causality and examine the impact of HBeAg on the adverse outcomes.
Intratesticular Bradykinin Involvement in Rat Testicular Pain Models
Authors: FUJIMOTO Kenichiro , YOSHINO Taiji , YOSHIOKA Katsuro , YUYAMA Hironori , MASUDA Noriyuki , TAKEDA Masahiro 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo clarify the role of bradykinin in urogenital pain, we investigated bradykinin involvement in rat models of testicular pain.MethodsBradykinin (0.1, 0.3, 1, 3 and 10 mmol/L) or distilled water was injected into the testes of male Wistar rats, and induced pain behaviors in conscious rats were evaluated. The effect of pretreatment with bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist FK3657 on bradykinin‐induced pain behavior was then examined. We also evaluated the analgesic effect of FK3657 in a rat acetic acid‐induced testicular pain as well as changes in the intratesticular bradykinin concentration after testicular injection of acetic acid.ResultsAn injection of bradykinin into the testes of conscious rats induced pain behaviors that were dose‐proportionally reduced by prior administration of FK3657. In addition, FK3657 dose‐dependently inhibited the pain responses induced by testicular injection of 1% acetic acid. An increase in intratesticular bradykinin concentration was detected after the testicular injection of 1% acetic acid.ConclusionsHere, we found that intratesticular bradykinin evokes pain behavior via stimulation of bradykinin B2 receptors and that intratesticular acetic acid injection induces intratesticular bradykinin synthesis, consequently leading to pain behavior. These findings suggest that the potential utility of bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists as a novel target for treating urogenital pain.
Multiparameter analysis of naevi and primary melanomas identifies a subset of naevi with elevated markers of transformation
Authors: Fox Carly , Lambie Duncan , Wilmott James S. , Pinder Alex , Pavey Sandra , Lê Cao Kim‐Anh , Akalin Taner , Karaarslan Isil Kilinc , Ozdemir Fezal , Scolyer Richard A. , Yamada Miko , Soyer H Peter , Schaider Helmut , Gabrielli Brian 
Published: May 2016

SummaryHere we have carried out a multiparameter analysis using a panel of 28 immunohistochemical markers to identify markers of transformation from benign and dysplastic naevus to primary melanoma in three separate cohorts totalling 279 lesions. We have identified a set of eight markers that distinguish naevi from melanoma. None of markers or parameters assessed differentiated benign from dysplastic naevi. Indeed, the naevi clustered tightly in terms of their immunostaining patterns whereas primary melanomas showed more diverse staining patterns. A small subset of histopathologically benign lesions had elevated levels of multiple markers associated with melanoma, suggesting that these represent naevi with an increased potential for transformation to melanoma.
What is Good Reasoning?
Authors: McHugh Conor , Way Jonathan 
Published: May 2016

What makes the difference between good and bad reasoning? In this paper we defend a novel account of good reasoning—both theoretical and practical—according to which it preserves fittingness or correctness: good reasoning is reasoning which is such as to take you from fitting attitudes to further fitting attitudes, other things equal. This account, we argue, is preferable to two others that feature in the recent literature. The first, which has been made prominent by John Broome, holds that the standards of good reasoning derive from rational requirements. The second holds that these standards derive from reasons. We argue that these accounts face serious difficulties in correctly distinguishing good from bad reasoning, and in explaining what's worthwhile about good reasoning. We then propose our alternative account and argue that it performs better on these counts. In the final section, we develop certain elements of the account in response to some possible objections.
Assessment of Analytical Models of Pure Bending of Sheet Materials Using the Digital Image Correlation Method
Authors: Govindasamy G. , Jain M. K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBending of sheet materials is a common forming mode for shaping sheet components. Although many numerical models of bending, both analytical and numerical simulations based, are available in the literature, extensive experimental validations have been rather limited. A new bend test method and complementary three‐dimensional finite element (FE) simulation of the experiments are employed to assess the predictions from an advanced analytical and FE model of pure bending of aluminium sheet materials. The experimental set‐up developed and utilised is an open concept design that allows access to the tensile surface and through‐thickness region in the vicinity of the specimen bend line to continuously record images of the deforming specimen with two cameras. The specimen images are analysed for strains using an online strain mapping system based on digital image correction method. Tangential strain distribution results from the models in terms of material thinning in the bend region are compared with those from the experiments on AA2024 aluminium sheet material by considering the responses from the specimen edges and mid‐width regions at the bend line. Furthermore, the tangential and radial stress distributions on the through‐thickness section of the specimen from the analytical model are compared with those from the FE model. The results from experiments, FE model and analytical model are compared and discussed in the light of the experimental data and the assumptions involved in the development of the models.
Comparison of Compliance and Intervention Outcomes Between Hip- and Wrist-Worn Accelerometers During a Randomized Crossover Trial of an Active Video Games Intervention in Children
Authors: Howie Erin K. , McVeigh Joanne A. , Straker Leon M. 
Published: May 2016

Background:There are several practical issues when considering the use of hip-worn or wrist-worn accelerometers. This study compared compliance and outcomes between hip- and wrist-worn accelerometers worn simultaneously by children during an active video games intervention.Methods:As part of a larger randomized crossover trial, participants (n = 73, age 10 to 12 years) wore 2 Actical accelerometers simultaneously during waking hours for 7 days, on the hip and wrist. Measurements were repeated at 4 timepoints: 1) at baseline, 2) during traditional video games condition, 3) during active video games condition, 4) during no video games condition. Compliance and intervention effects were compared between hip and wrist.Results:There were no statistically significant differences at any timepoint in percentage compliance between hip (77% to 87%) and wrist (79% to 89%). Wrist-measured counts (difference of 64.3 counts per minute, 95% CI 4.4–124.3) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (12 min/day, 95% CI 0.3–23.7) were higher during the no video games condition compared with the traditional video games condition. There were no differences in hip-measured counts per minute or MVPA between conditions or sedentary time for hip or wrist.Conclusions:There were no differences in compliance between hip- and wrist-worn accelerometers during an intervention trial, however, intervention findings differed between hip and wrist.
Physical Activity Levels Among Adults in Uganda: Findings From a Countrywide Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Guwatudde David , Kirunda Barbara E. , Wesonga Ronald , Mutungi Gerald , Kajjura Richard , Kasule Hafisa , Muwonge James , Bahendeka Silver K. 
Published: May 2016

Background:Being physically active is associated with lower risk of many noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). We analyzed physical activity (PA) data collected as part of Uganda’s countrywide NCD risk factor survey conducted in 2014, to describe PA levels in Uganda.Methods:PA data were collected on the domains of work, travel and leisure. We calculated the percentage of participants meeting the World Health Organization (WHO) PA recommendations, and the types of intense-specific duration of PA. Prevalence ratios (PR) were used to identify factors associated with meeting WHO PA recommendations.Results:Of the 3987 participants, 3758 (94.3%) met the WHO PA recommendations. Work-related PA of moderate intensity, and travel-related PA contributed most to participants’ overall weekly duration of PA, each contributing 49.6% and 25.2% respectively. The median weekly duration of all moderate-intensity PA was 1470 minutes (interquartile range [IQR] = 540 to 2460). Weekly duration of all vigorous-intensity PA was low with a median of 0 minutes (IQR = 0 to 1080). The median daily sedentary time was 120 minutes (IQR = 60 to 240). Factors significantly associated with meeting WHO PA recommendations were body mass index and level of education.Conclusions:PA levels in Uganda are high, mostly achieved through travel and work-related activities of moderate intensity.
An observational study of type, timing, and severity of childhood maltreatment and preterm birth
Authors: Selk Sabrina C , Rich-Edwards Janet W , Koenen Karestan , Kubzansky Laura D 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundChildhood maltreatment has been linked to preterm birth (<37 weeks gestation) in some studies, but these findings have been inconsistent, and it remains unclear whether type, timing or severity of maltreatment are associated with risk of preterm birth. The aim of this observational study was to explore type of maltreatment (child and adolescent physical and sexual abuse and harsh parenting) as risk factors for preterm birth.MethodsWe examined these associations in a cross-sectional analysis of the Nurses’ Health Study II cohort of female nurses. Women completed a questionnaire about experiences of sexual abuse, physical abuse or harsh parenting, along with pregnancy outcomes. Logistic regression models adjusted for relevant covariates including age, race, alcohol and cigarette use during pregnancy, age at menarche, marital status, adult income, body mass index (kg/m2) at age 18, physical abuse in pregnancy, and childhood socioeconomic position.ResultsAmong 51 434 first births, 4110 were preterm (8% of births). Forced sexual activity in childhood or adolescence was associated with a 22% increased odds of preterm birth (OR=1.22, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.35). Maltreatment involving sexual touch, physical abuse or harsh parenting was not associated with preterm birth in this sample.ConclusionsWomen who experience forced sexual activity in childhood or adolescence may have an increased likelihood of delivering preterm in adulthood.
Testing the suitability of thermal time models for forecasting spring wheat phenological development in western Canada
Authors: Mkhabela Manasah , Ash Guy , Grenier Mike , Bullock Paul 
Published: May 2016

Predicting crop development stages is fundamental to many aspects of agronomy (e.g., pesticides and fertilizer applications). Temperature is the main factor affecting plant development and its impact on crop development is often measured using thermal-time. We compared different thermal-time models to identify the best model for simulating spring wheat development in western Canada. Models compared include (i) North-Dakota growing-degree-day (NDGDD), (ii) growing-degree-day base-temperature zero (GDD0), (iii) growing-degree-day base-temperature five (GDD5), (iv) beta-function (BF), and (v) modified-beta-function (MBF). We utilised agro-meteorological data collected across western Canada from 2009–2011. Results showed that accumulated heat units/daily growth rates from the different models correlated well with spring wheat phenology with R2 ≥ 0.91 and P < 0.001. However, when the developed models were used to predict time (calendar-days) from planting to anthesis for cultivar AC-Barrie, the BF and MBF models performed poorly. Average predicted times from planting to anthesis by NDGDD, GDD0, GDD5, BF, and MBF models were 63, 63, 62, 65, and 64 d, respectively; while the actual observed time was 60 d. Root-mean-square error (RMSE) for NDGDD was 4 d, 5 d for GDD0 and GDD5, and 6 d for BF and MBF. These findings suggest that simple GDD-based models performed better than more complex BF-based models.
Holographic superconductors with the general RF2-type couplings
Authors: Sert Özcan 
Published: May 2016

We explore the effects of the general non-minimally coupled [Formula: see text]-type couplings on the holographic s-wave superconductors numerically in the Schwarzschild-anti-de Sitter (AdS) background. We calculate the condensation and conductivity of the model for the coupling parameters a1 and [Formula: see text]. We obtain that the bigger deviations of the parameter a1 from the minimal case lead to the larger deviations of the gap frequency from the universal value [Formula: see text]. Moreover, the smaller [Formula: see text] and a1 cause to gradually stronger and narrower coherence peak.
Morphological characteristics and optical properties of hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin films
Authors: Tang Haihua , Liu Shuang , Zhou Xiang , Liu Yunfei , Chen Dejun , Liu Yong , Zhong Zhiyong 
Published: May 2016

Hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin films were prepared by radio frequency (RF) plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF-PECVD) technique with silane (SiH[Formula: see text] as reactive gas. The influence of process parameters on the morphological characteristics and optical properties of a-Si:H thin films were systematically investigated. When the RF power density was taken as the only variable, it firstly improves the smoothness of the surface with increasing the RF power density below the value of 0.17 W/cm2, and then exhibits an obvious degradation at further power density. The refractive index, extinction coefficient, optical energy gap initially increase and reach a maximum at 0.17 W/cm2, followed by a significant decrease with further RF power density. When the RF power density was taken as the only variable, the surface of a-Si:H thin films become smoother by increasing the reaction pressure in the investigated range (from 50 Pa to 140 Pa), and the refractive index, extinction coefficient, optical energy gap increase with increasing of reaction pressure. The effect of RF power density and the reaction pressure on the morphological characteristics and optical properties of a-Si:H thin films was obtained, contributing to the further studies of the performance and applications of a-Si:H thin films.
Revascularization Trends in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus and Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease Presenting With Non–ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Pandey Ambarish , McGuire Darren K. , de Lemos James A. , Das Sandeep R. , Berry Jarett D. , Brilakis Emmanouil S. , Banerjee Subhash , Marso Steven P. , Barsness Gregory W. , Simon DaJuanicia N. , Roe Matthew , Goyal Abhinav , Kosiborod Mikhail , Amsterdam Ezra A. , Kumbhani Dharam J. 
Published: May 2016

Background—
Current guidelines recommend surgical revascularization (coronary artery bypass graft [CABG]) over percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with diabetes mellitus and multivessel coronary artery disease. Few data are available describing revascularization patterns among these patients in the setting of non–ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction.

Methods and Results—

Using Acute Coronary Treatment and Intervention Outcomes Network Registry–Get with the Guidelines (ACTION Registry–GWTG), we compared the in-hospital use of different revascularization strategies (PCI versus CABG versus no revascularization) in diabetes mellitus patients with non–ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction who had angiography, demonstrating multivessel coronary artery disease between July 2008 and December 2014. Factors associated with use of CABG versus PCI were identified using logistic multivariable regression analyses. A total of 29 769 patients from 539 hospitals were included in the study, of which 10 852 (36.4%) were treated with CABG, 13 760 (46.2%) were treated with PCI, and 5157 (17.3%) were treated without revascularization. The overall use of revascularization increased over the study period with an increase in the proportion undergoing PCI (45% to 48.9%;
P
trend
=0.0002) and no change in the proportion undergoing CABG (36.1% to 34.7%; p
trend
=0.88). There was significant variability between participating hospitals in the use of PCI and CABG (range: 22%–100%; 0%–78%, respectively;
P
value <0.0001 for both). Patient-level, but not hospital-level, characteristics were statistically associated with the use of PCI versus CABG, including anatomic severity of the disease, early treatment of adenosine diphosphate receptor antagonists at presentation, older age, female sex, and history of heart failure.

Conclusions—
Among patients with diabetes mellitus and multivessel coronary artery disease presenting with non–ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction, only one third undergo CABG during the index admission. Furthermore, the use of PCI, but not CABG, increased modestly over the past 6 years.
MicoRNA-425-5p is a potential prognostic biomarker for cervical cancer
Authors: Sun Liwei , Jiang Rong , Li Jinduo , Wang Bin , Ma Chunhua , Lv Yuan , Mu Ning 
Published: May 2016

Background MicroRNAs have been implicated in many biological pathways involved in tumourigenesis and can serve as prognostic biomarkers in many cancer types. The present study aims at evaluating the prognostic significance of miR-425-5p in cervical cancer. Methods Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to assess the expression levels of miR-425-5p in 35 pairs of cervical cancer tissues and their matched normal tissues as well as serum samples from 40 cervical cancer patients, 13 benign cervical disease patients and 32 healthy controls. The association between miR-425-5p expression levels in tissue and serum, and clinicopathological factors was examined. The correlation between serum miR-425-5p expression levels and overall survival of cervical cancer patients was assessed by Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards model. Results MiR-425-5p expression levels were significantly increased in cervical cancer tissues compared with matched non-cancerous tissues. Higher expression of miR-425-5p was positively associated with high tumour stage ( P = 0.0003) and positive lymph node metastasis ( P = 0.0107). Serum concentrations of miR-425-5p in cervical cancer patients were significantly higher compared with benign cervical disease and healthy controls. Moreover, the up-regulation of serum miR-425-5p occurred more frequently in cervical cancer patients with high TNM stage ( P = 0.0003) and positive lymph node metastasis ( P = 0.0037). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that high serum miR-425-5p expression levels predicted poor survival ( P = 0.0571). Cox proportional hazards risk analysis demonstrated that miR-425-5p was an independent prognostic factor for cervical cancer. Conclusion Our study suggests that miR-425-5p is up-regulated in cervical cancer and serum miR-425-5p may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker for cervical cancer.
Analysis of legal high materials by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with time of flight mass spectrometry as part of a toxicology vigilance system: what are the most popular novel psychoactive substances in the UK?
Authors: Ford Loretta T , Berg Jonathan D 
Published: May 2016

Introduction Legal highs also known as novel psychoactive substances mimic the effects of classic drugs of abuse. Challenges to developing screening services for novel psychoactive substances include identifying which novel psychoactive substances are available to target. Using new techniques such as exact mass time of flight can help identify common novel psychoactive substances to target for screening patient samples by routine methods such as tandem mass spectrometry. We demonstrate this strategy working in our own clinical toxicology laboratory after qualitative analysis of 98 suspect materials for novel psychoactive substances by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with time of flight mass spectrometry. Results From July 2014 to July 2015 we received 98 requests to test a range of different suspect materials for novel psychoactive substances including herbs, tobacco, liquids, pills and powders. Overall, 87% of the suspect materials tested positive for novel psychoactive substances, and 15% for controlled drugs. Three common novel psychoactive substances were present in 74% of the suspect materials: methiopropamine, a methamphetamine analogue; ethylphenidate, a cocaine mimic; and the third generation synthetic cannabinoid 5F-AKB-48. For the 55 branded products we tested only 24% of the stated contents matched exactly the compounds we detected. Conclusion Testing suspect materials using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with time of flight mass spectrometry has identified three common novel psychoactive substances in use in the UK, simplifying the development of a relevant novel psychoactive substances screening service to our population. By incorporating this into our routine liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry drugs of abuse screen, then offers a clinically relevant novel psychoactive substances service to our users. This strategy ensures our clinical toxicology service continues to remain effective to meet the challenges of the changing drug use in the UK.