bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wind turbine power production and annual energy production depend on atmospheric stability and turbulence
Authors: St. Martin Clara M. , Lundquist Julie K. , Clifton Andrew , Poulos Gregory S. , Schreck Scott J. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Using detailed upwind and nacelle-based measurements from a General Electric (GE) 1.5sle model with a 77 m rotor diameter, we calculate power curves and annual energy production (AEP) and explore their sensitivity to different atmospheric parameters to provide guidelines for the use of stability and turbulence filters in segregating power curves. The wind measurements upwind of the turbine include anemometers mounted on a 135 m meteorological tower as well as profiles from a lidar. We calculate power curves for different regimes based on turbulence parameters such as turbulence intensity (TI) as well as atmospheric stability parameters such as the bulk Richardson number (RB). We also calculate AEP with and without these atmospheric filters and highlight differences between the results of these calculations. The power curves for different TI regimes reveal that increased TI undermines power production at wind speeds near rated, but TI increases power production at lower wind speeds at this site, the US Department of Energy (DOE) National Wind Technology Center (NWTC). Similarly, power curves for different RB regimes reveal that periods of stable conditions produce more power at wind speeds near rated and periods of unstable conditions produce more power at lower wind speeds. AEP results suggest that calculations without filtering for these atmospheric regimes may overestimate the AEP. Because of statistically significant differences between power curves and AEP calculated with these turbulence and stability filters for this turbine at this site, we suggest implementing an additional step in analyzing power performance data to incorporate effects of atmospheric stability and turbulence across the rotor disk.
Velikost a reprezentativita výběrového souboru v kvantitativně orientovaném pedagogickém výzkumu
Authors: Soukup Petr , Kočvarová Ilona 
Published: November 2016

Metodologicky orientovaná studie syntetizuje základní požadavky na velikost a reprezentativitu výběrového souboru v kvantitativně orientovaném pedagogickém výzkumu. Prezentuje základní výběrové postupy, jejich parametry a dopad na požadovanou velikost výběru a také dopad na možnosti zobecnění výsledků. Kromě standardních designů náhodného výběru (prostý, vícestupňový, skupinkový a stratifikovaný) je pojednán i dopad velikosti pro nenáhodné výběry. Studie uvádí postupy pro stanovení síly testu a shrnuje základní doporučení statistiků pro velikost výběru s ohledem na sílu testu. Pozornost je věnována také otázce reprezentativity výběru. Součástí studie jsou příklady dobré i špatné praxe z oblasti mezinárodních pedagogických výzkumů.
Faculty Development Directed at Curricular Reforms Designed to Improve Patient Outcomes
Authors: Papa Frank J. , D’Agostino Darrin 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Three initiatives involving quality of patient outcomes that evolved in the late 1990s must be considered in the design of 21st century undergraduate medical curricula. They involve (1) the question of how to best teach and assess medical competencies, (2) growing concerns regarding the frequency and severity of error in medical care, and (3) the role physicians might play in weaving together the overlapping elements of population-, community-, and systems-based practice into a codified approach to medical care. With these initiatives in mind, the University of North Texas Health Science Center Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine has formed an Academy of Medical Educators whose goal is to develop faculty programs intended to expedite curricular modifications and reforms.
Enhanced photovoltaic performance of planar perovskite solar cells fabricated in ambient air by solvent annealing treatment method
Authors: Eze Vincent Obiozo , Mori Tatsuo 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
In this paper, we report on planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs) fabricated by a simple one-step solution process and an antisolvent bath (ASB) method in ambient air. The ASB method enabled the efficient extraction of the precursor solvent and induced the swift crystallization of uniform and highly smooth perovskite films with an average grain size of about 0.34 µm. The morphology and grain growth of the resultant perovskite film were further improved by solvent annealing (SA) under dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) vapor atmosphere at 150 °C for 10 min and thus an average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.20% and a maximum efficiency of 16.77% were achieved. This work highlights the importance of solvent annealing for perovskite prepared by a one-step solution process and an ASB method, and offers a facile and attractive way to fabricate high-performance perovskite solar cells.
A potential third Manta Ray species near the Yucatán Peninsula? Evidence for a recently diverged and novel geneticMantagroup from the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Hinojosa-Alvarez Silvia , Walter Ryan P. , Diaz-Jaimes Pindaro , Galván-Magaña Felipe , Paig-Tran E. Misty 
Published: November 2016

We present genetic and morphometric support for a third, distinct, and recently diverged group of Manta ray that appears resident to the Yucatán coastal waters of the Gulf of Mexico. Individuals of the genusMantafrom Isla Holbox are markedly different from the other described manta rays in their morphology, habitat preference, and genetic makeup. Herein referred to as the Yucatán Manta Ray, these individuals form two genetically distinct groups: (1) a group of mtDNA haplotypes divergent (0.78%) from the currently recognizedManta birostrisandM. alfredispecies, and (2) a group possessing mtDNA haplotypes ofM. birostrisand highly similar haplotypes. The latter suggests the potential for either introgressive hybridization between Yucatán Manta Rays andM. birostris, or the retention of ancestralM. birostrissignatures among Yucatán Manta Rays. Divergence of the genetically distinct Yucatán Manta Ray fromM. birostrisappears quite recent (<100,000 YBP) following fit to an Isolation-with-Migration model, with additional support for asymmetrical gene flow fromM. birostrisinto the Yucatán Manta Ray. Formal naming of the Yucatán Manta Ray cannot yet be assigned until an in-depth taxonomic study and further confirmation of the genetic identity of existing type specimens has been performed.
An objective frequency domain method for quantifying confined aquifer compressible storage using Earth and atmospheric tides
Authors: Acworth R. Ian , Halloran Landon J. S. , Rau Gabriel C. , Cuthbert Mark O. , Bernardi Tony L. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe groundwater hydraulic head response to the worldwide and ubiquitous atmospheric tide at 2 cycles per day (cpd) is a direct function of confined aquifer compressible storage. The ratio of the responses of hydraulic head to the atmospheric pressure change is a measure of aquifer barometric efficiency, from which formation compressibility and aquifer specific storage can be determined in situ rather than resorting to laboratory or aquifer pumping tests. The Earth tide also impacts the hydraulic head response at the same frequency, and a method is developed here to quantify and remove this interference. As a result, the barometric efficiency can be routinely calculated from 6‐hourly hydraulic head, atmospheric pressure, and modeled Earth tide records where available for a minimum of 15 days duration. This new approach will be of critical importance in assessing worldwide problems of land subsidence or groundwater resource evaluation that both occur due to groundwater abstraction.
Testing reanalysis data sets in Antarctica: Trends, persistence properties, and trend significance
Authors: Wang Yang , Zhou Dong , Bunde Armin , Havlin Shlomo 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe reanalysis data sets provide important sources for investigating the climate in Antarctica where stations are sparse. In this paper, we compare the 2 m near‐surface temperature data from five major reanalysis data sets with observational Antarctic stations data over the last 36 years: (i) the National Centers for Environmental Prediction and the National Center for Atmospheric Research Reanalysis (NCEP1), (ii) NCEP‐DOE Reanalysis 2 (NCEP2), (iii) the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Interim Reanalysis (ERA‐Interim), (iv) the Japanese 55 year Reanalysis (JRA‐55), and (v) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Modern‐Era Retrospective‐analysis for Research and Applications. In our assessment, we compare (a) the annual and seasonal trends obtained by linear regression analysis, (b) the standard deviation around the annual trends, (c) the detrended lag‐1‐autocorrelation C(1), (d) the Hurst exponent α that characterizes the long‐term memory in a record, and (e) the significance levels of the warming/cooling trends. We find that all five reanalysis data sets are able to reproduce quite well the long‐term memory in the instrumental data. In contrast, C(1), which is needed as input for the conventional significance analysis, shows fully erratic behavior. The observational warming/cooling trends in East and West Antarctica are not reproduced well by all reanalysis data sets, in particular, NCEP1, NCEP2, and JRA‐55 show spurious warming trends in many parts of East Antarctica, even in those parts where cooling has been observed. In contrast, the standard deviation around the trends is quite well reproduced by all reanalysis data sets. In the peninsula where the station density is quite high, the performance of the reanalysis data is considerably better. It is remarkable that all reanalysis data sets as well as the observational data show (under the assumption of a long‐term persistent process) that in the considered time period since 1979 the warming in the peninsula is not significant with p values well above 0.1.
The Four Preconditions Model
Authors: Finkelhor David , Cuevas Carlos A. , Drawbridge Dara 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe Four Preconditions Model asserted that four preconditions needed to be met in order for child sexual abuse to occur: (1) an offender with a predisposition to sexually abuse a child; (2) the ability overcome any internal inhibitions against acting on that predisposition; (3) the ability to overcome external barriers, such as lack of access to the child or supervision of the child by others; and (4) the ability to overcome any resistance or reluctance on the part of the child. The offender predisposition was itself conceptualized as comprising three components, which were also to some extent preconditions: someemotional congruenceto the act of sexual abuse with this particular child, the capacity forsexual arousalto this child and this activity, and someblockageof his ability to get his emotional and sexual needs met in another way that would not involve a criminal activity. This chapter tries to make an assessment of the current status of the model based on research evidence and clinical practice.
Intimacy Deficits/Attachment Problems in Sexual Offenders
Authors: Beech Anthony R. , Mitchell Ian J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis chapter first reviews theories that have suggested that a large part of sexual offenders, problems are attachment issues, particularly Marshall's work (which is outlined in Chapter 1). We then outline the background to Ward and Beech's theory of sexual offending (updated in Chapter 6). We subsequently consider how disturbances in the neurobiological/neurochemical processes at a young age lead to these problematic attachment styles in later life, and which can potentiate the probability of sexual offending in the light of a preliminary neurological model by Mitchell and Beech.
Theories of Emotion Regulation
Authors: Gillespie Steven M. , Beech Anthony R. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractEmotions refer to mental states that are spontaneously generated, can be positive or negative, fleeting or more prolonged, and can be experienced at varying levels of intensity. Emotions are also under cognitive control, whereby strategies for emotion regulation mean that they may be experienced more or less intensely. A failure to regulate emotional states adequately has been linked with antisocial behaviour and sexual offending in particular. This chapter discusses the evidence for emotion regulation difficulties in sexual offenders and describes the ways in which mindfulness meditation and biofeedback techniques may be used to enhance the ability for emotion regulation in the treatment of sexual offenders. The use of these techniques has been shown to affect the functioning of the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala, the critical structures involved in emotion regulation, and has been linked with improved regulation of affective states in clinical studies.
Understanding Female Sexual Offenders
Authors: Cortoni Franca , Gannon Theresa A. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Although female and male sexual offenders appear to share some characteristics, important differences in their risk of offending indicate that a gender‐informed approach to the understanding of female sexual offenders is warranted. The term ‘gender‐informed’ refers to factors that are either unique to or that manifest themselves in unique ways among women offenders. This chapter reviews the latest theoretical and empirical knowledge regarding women who engage in sexually offending behaviour, highlights similarities and differences between male and female offending, and provides gender‐informed explanations of sexual offending by women. Within this context, the nature of female sexual offending is established, and typologies of female sexual offenders, research examining single‐factor explanations of female sexual offending, and research examining the offence process of these women are reviewed.
The Structured Professional Judgement Approach to Violence Risk Assessment
Authors: Hart Stephen D. , Douglas Kevin S. , Guy Laura S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe Structured Professional Judgement (SPJ) approach is an analytical method used to understand and mitigate the risk for interpersonal violence posed by individual people that is discretionary in essence but relies on evidence‐based guidelines to systematize the exercise of discretion. The first SPJ guidelines were published in late 1994 and early 1995, making 2015 the 20th anniversary of the birth of the SPJ approach. This chapter takes the opportunity to retrospect and reflect on the history of the SPJ approach. It begins by reviewing the task of violence risk assessment, then three major approaches to violence risk assessment, including the SPJ approach, are compared and contrasted. Next, important milestones in the evolution of the SPJ approach, including recent advances, are outlined, and its current status compared with alternative approaches to risk assessment is evaluated. Finally, the future of the SPJ approach is discussed.
Further Support for a Convergent Approach to Sex Offender Risk Assessment
Authors: Singer Jeffrey C. , Rettenberger Martin , Boer Douglas P. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe field of sex offender risk assessment is largely divided into two camps: the actuarial camp (e.g., Static‐99) and the structured professional judgement (SPJ) camp (e.g., the Sexual Violence Risk‐20). These two approaches to risk assessment are strikingly different in practice and philosophy. Actuarial tests provide group‐based numerical estimates of an offender's risk based on shared commonalities with a known group of recidivists and non‐recidivists. Such tests have reasonable predictive validity, but limited utility in the individual case in terms of specifying risk issues or risk management strategies. SPJ instruments structure clinical thinking about the individual case and establish a risk judgement based on the degree of intervention (i.e., treatment and supervision) needed by the individual being assessed. This chapter elucidates the benefits of these approaches to risk assessment and how the strengths of both methods can be used in a convergent approach to risk analysis and risk management.
Risk Assessment and Treatment Planning
Authors: Ware Jayson , Matsuo Danielle 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis chapter explores how the information gained from a comprehensive risk assessment can be used in treatment planning. This risk assessment ought to be based on a careful examination of both static or historical and dynamic risk factors, through the use of any of a number of validated risk measures. Static or historical risk factors will provide a valid predictor of long‐term risk and may also serve as useful markers of long‐term psychological issues. These factors assist the treatment provider to plan for how much treatment will be required and who should be prioritized into treatment when resources are scarce. Treatment providers also require information relating to dynamic or changeable risk factors. These are essentially the targets of treatment. The types of dynamic risk measures and their usefulness for treatment planning are outlined, and also the importance of an individualized formulation of the sexual offender. Finally, it is argued that treatment providers should also ensure that they are aware of and targeting the dynamic risk factors with the strongest empirical relationship to sexual recidivism.
Eye‐Tracking and Assessing Sexual Interest in Forensic Contexts
Authors: Hogue Todd E. , Wesson Charlotte , Perkins Derek 
Published: November 2016

AbstractOver the past 30 years, within forensic contexts there has been increasing interest in the use of assessments based on behavioural and implicit assessment processes. Eye‐tracking, the ability to identify and track where an individual is looking, has increasingly been used to infer underlying cognitive processes related to observed behaviour. Within forensic contexts, the ability to monitor where an individual is looking, and by implication what they are interested in, is increasingly being seen as one potential way to gain objective information about offender cognitions. Eye‐tracking has been used to study general factors related to sexual interest within non‐offending samples and is increasingly being used to assess inappropriate or deviant sexual interest in offending populations. This chapter overviews the concept of eye‐tracking as a methodology, describes a number of different areas where it has been used, and then discusses in more detail how eye‐tracking is currently being used to assess normal and deviant sexual interest.
Assessment of Adolescents Who Have Sexually Offended
Authors: Worling James R. , Langton Calvin M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe heterogeneity that characterizes adolescents who sexually offend, as a group, requires highly individualized assessments. This chapter considers some of the main features of the assessment process, emphasizing that assessments are comprehensive, encompassing risk, need, responsivity, and strengths within a range of pertinent domains. Attention is drawn to some of the main challenges that the clinician faces when undertaking these assessments, and ideal conditions for assessments are contrasted with those that are highly problematic. Issues pertinent to interviewing the youth and parents are discussed, in addition to the use of documents, psychological testing, physiological testing, and finally the assessment of risk of reoffending and strengths that may be associated with desistance.
Assessing Unicorns
Authors: Aylwin A. Scott , Reddon John R. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The current status of the literature on sex offender assessment, risk prediction, and treatment would lead most readers to posit that there is significant heterogeneity between types of offenders. Incest offenders, in particular, are commonly thought to be much different from the rest. Intra‐familial offenders have generally been found to recidivate at lower rates than extra‐familial sex offenders and they are generally believed to pose little risk outside the family network. In contrast, three assertions are made in this chapter. First, the so‐called incest taboo is itself a myth. Second, the degree of victim category crossover is so substantial as to render the designation of incest offender of limited utility. Third, there is little empirical support for assessment considerations to differ substantially for incest offenders as opposed to other sex offenders that come to the attention of authorities and treatment providers.
Multisystemic Therapy for Youths with Problem Sexual Behaviours
Authors: Borduin Charles M. , Dopp Alex R. , Borduin Beverly J. , Munschy Richard J. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of our adaptation of multisystemic therapy (MST) to the treatment of youths with criminal and non‐criminal sexual behaviour problems, known as MST for Problem Sexual Behaviours (MST‐PSB). We begin with a brief description of the empirical underpinnings and theoretical foundations of the MST‐PSB approach. Next, we provide an overview of clinical interventions in MST‐PSB and describe how MST‐PSB is operationalized (i.e., specified) and delivered to youths and families (using a home‐based model of service delivery). We then summarize findings from randomized clinical trials that demonstrate the clinical and cost‐effectiveness of MST‐PSB, followed by a description of how MST‐PSB can be successfully transported to community‐based provider organizations using extensive quality assurance procedures. Finally, we highlight several challenging research issues that should be considered in the development of effective treatments for youths with problem sexual behaviours.
Self‐Regulation Targets
Authors: Fortune Clare‐Ann , Ward Tony 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the role of self‐regulation in sexual offending. A brief description of the Good Lives Model is provided, before going on to describe the Self‐Regulation Model (SRM), which proposes that deficits in self‐regulation increase the likelihood of an individual engaging in sexual offending. The contribution that the SRM can make to the area of sex offender rehabilitation, including considering the role of dynamic risk factors, is explored. It is concluded that the SRM, with its interest in understanding the motivations and pathways to sexual offending, (1) can provide a way in which to understand the developmental progression of sexual offending and (2) has clinical utility owing to its capacity to assist clinicians to identify and understand the self‐regulatory deficits of an individual offender.
Responsive Contexts and Therapeutic Processes
Authors: Frost Andrew 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA discussion of the qualities of the offender rehabilitation process, and contexts in which rehabilitative change occurs, involves consideration of treatment components that are distinct from, but supplementary to, issues of programmeme content and procedure. Another way of putting this is that in the endeavour to bring about rehabilitative change, in addition to the designated treatment targets and the procedures and techniques for implementing them, we must consider theconditionsthat are most favourable to therapeutic transformation. This nascent domain of the literature concerns not only the components of the therapeutic system but also how this system functions as an interacting whole; the process of therapy and dynamics of change. The intention of this chapter is to articulate these issues and to describe therapeutic processes. In doing so, it includes discussion of social therapies, and the roles of the agents and actors involved in the rehabilitation process.