bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The spectrum of rippling muscle disease
Authors: Rashed Hebatallah R. , Milone Margherita 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRippling muscle disease (RMD) is a rare disorder of muscle hyperexcitability. It is characterized by rippling wave‐like muscle contractions induced by mechanical stretch or voluntary contraction followed by sudden stretch, painful muscle stiffness, percussion‐induced rapid muscle contraction (PIRC), and percussion‐induced muscle mounding (PIMM). RMD can be hereditary (hRMD) or immune‐mediated (iRMD). hRMD is caused by pathogenic variants in caveolin‐3 (CAV3) or caveolae‐associated protein 1/ polymerase I and transcript release factor (CAVIN1/PTRF). CAV3 pathogenic variants are autosomal dominant or less frequently recessive while CAVIN1/PTRF pathogenic variants are autosomal recessive. CAV3‐RMD manifests with a wide spectrum of clinical phenotypes, ranging from asymptomatic creatine kinase elevation to severe muscle weakness. Overlapping phenotypes are common. Muscle caveolin‐3 immunoreactivity is often absent or diffusely reduced in CAV3‐RMD. CAVIN1/PTRF‐RMD is characterized by congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL, type 4) and often accompanied by several extra‐skeletal muscle manifestations. Muscle cavin‐1/PTRF immunoreactivity is absent or reduced while caveolin‐3 immunoreactivity is reduced, often in a patchy way, in CAVIN1/PTRF‐RMD. iRMD is often accompanied by other autoimmune disorders, including myasthenia gravis. Anti‐cavin‐4 antibodies are the serological marker while the mosaic expression of caveolin‐3 and cavin‐4 is the pathological feature of iRMD. Most patients with iRMD respond to immunotherapy. Rippling, PIRC, and PIMM are usually electrically silent. Different pathogenic mechanisms have been postulated to explain the disease mechanisms. In this article, we review the spectrum of hRMD and iRMD, including clinical phenotypes, electrophysiological characteristics, myopathological findings, and pathogenesis.
UroARC: A novel surgical risk calculator for older adults undergoing pelvic organ prolapse and stress urinary incontinence surgery
Authors: Nik‐Ahd Farnoosh , Zhao Shoujun , Wang Lufan , Boscardin W. John , Covinsky Kenneth , Suskind Anne M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionSurgeries for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI) are commonly performed in older adults, many of whom are also frail. A surgical risk calculator for older adults undergoing POP/SUI surgeries that incorporates frailty, a factor known to increase the risk of surgical complications, would be helpful for preoperative counseling but currently does not exist.Materials and MethodsMedicare Carrier, Outpatient, and MedPAR files were examined for beneficiaries undergoing POP and SUI surgery between 2014 and 2016. A total of 15 POP/SUI categories were examined. The Claims‐Based Frailty Index (CFI), a validated measure of frailty in Medicare data, and Charlson Comorbidity Index were deconstructed into their individual variables, and individual variables were entered into stepwise logistic regression models to determine which variables were most highly predictive of 30‐day complications and 1‐year mortality. To verify the prognostic accuracy for each model for surgical complications of interest, calibration curves and tests of model fit, including C‐statistic, Brier scores, and Spiegelhalter p values, were determined.ResultsIn total, 108 479 beneficiaries were included. Among these, 4.7% had CFI scores consistent with mild to severe frailty (CFI≥0.25). A total of 13 prognostic variable categories were found to be most highly predictive of postoperative complications. Calibration curves for each outcome of interest showed models were well‐fit. Most models demonstrated high c‐statistic values (≥0.7) and high Spiegelhalter p values (≥0.9), indicating good model calibration and excellent discrimination, and low Brier scores (<0.02), indicating high model accuracy.ConclusionsUrologic surgery for older Adults Risk Calculator serves as a novel surgical risk calculator that is readily accessible to both patients and clinicians that specifically factors in components of frailty. Furthermore, this calculator accounts for the heterogeneity of an aging population and can assist in individualized surgical decision‐making for these common procedures.
Is It Possible to Regenerate the Underactive Detrusor? Part 1 Molecular and Stem Cell Therapies Targeting the Urinary Bladder and Neural Axis ICI‐RS 2024
Authors: Sinha Sanjay , Cruz Francisco , Cuenca Esther Martinez , Przydacz Mikolaj , Kheir George Bou , Kanai Anthony J. , Van Huele Andries , Gajewski Jerzy B. , Tarcan Tufan , Lazar Jason M. , Weiss Jeffrey P. , Tyagi Pradeep , Abrams Paul , Wein Alan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionDetrusor muscle weakness is commonly noted on urodynamics in patients with refractory voiding difficulty. No approved therapies have been proven to augment the strength of a detrusor voiding contraction.MethodsThis subject was discussed by a think‐tank at the International Consultation on Incontinence‐ Research Society (ICI‐RS) meeting held in Bristol, June 2024. The discussions of the think‐tank are being published in two parts. This first part discusses molecular and stem cell therapies targeting the urinary bladder and the neural axis.ResultsSenescence of the urothelium and extracellular ATP acting through P2X3 receptors might be important in detrusor underactivity. Several molecules such as parasympathomimetics, acotiamide, ASP8302, neurokinin‐2 agonists have been explored but none has shown unequivocal clinical benefit. Different stem cell therapy approaches have been used, chiefly in neurogenic dysfunction, with some studies showing benefit. Molecular targets for the neural axis have included TRPV‐4, Bombesin, and serotoninergic receptors and TAC‐302 which induces neurite growth.ConclusionsSeveral options are currently being pursued in the search for an elusive molecular or stem cell option for enhancing the power of the detrusor muscle. These encompass a wide range of approaches that target each aspect of the contraction mechanism including the urothelium of bladder and urethra, myocyte, and neural pathways. While none of these have shown unequivocal clinical utility, some appear promising. Lessons from other fields of medicine might prove instructive.Clinical Trial RegistrationNot necessary. Not a clinical trial.
Association of continuous BMI with health‐related quality of life in the United States by age and sex
Authors: Ward Zachary J. , Dupuis Roxanne , Long Michael W. , Gortmaker Steven L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study is to estimate health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) by continuous BMI by age, sex, and demographic group in the United States.MethodsWe estimated HRQoL (overall and by domain) by continuous BMI using SF‐6D (Short‐Form Six‐Dimension) data from 182,778 respondents ages 18 years and older from the repeated cross‐sectional Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) 2008 to 2016. We adjusted for BMI self‐report bias and for potential confounding between BMI and HRQoL.ResultsWe found an inverse J‐shaped curve of HRQoL by BMI, with lower values for female individuals and the highest health utilities occurring at BMI of 20.4 kg/m2 (95% CI: 20.32–20.48) for female individuals and 26.5 kg/m2 (95% CI: 26.45–26.55) for male individuals. By BMI category, excess weight contributed to HRQoL loss of 0.0349 for obesity overall, rising to 0.0724 for class III obesity. By domain, pain was the largest cause of HRQoL loss for obesity (26%), followed by role limitations (22%).ConclusionsHRQoL is lower for people with excess body weight across a broad range of ages and BMI levels, especially at high levels of BMI, with pain being the largest driver of HRQoL loss. These findings highlight the importance of promoting a healthy weight for the entire population while also targeting efforts to prevent extreme weight gain over the life course.
Engineering the novel azobenzene‐based molecular photoswitches for suppressing bacterial infection through dynamic regulation of biofilm formation
Authors: Zhang Tai‐Hong , Yang Yi‐Ke , Feng Yu‐Mei , Luo Zhi‐Jun , Wang Ming‐Wei , Qi Pu‐Ying , Zeng Dan , Liu Hong‐Wu , Liao Yan‐Mei , Meng Jiao , Zhou Xiang , Liu Li‐Wei , Yang Song 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDBacterial biofilm is a strong fortress for bacteria to resist harsh external environments, which can enhance their tolerance and exacerbate the drug/pesticide resistance risk. Currently, photopharmacology provides an advanced approach via precise spatiotemporal control for regulating biological activities by light‐controlling the molecular configurations, thereby having enormous potential in the development of drug/pesticides.RESULTSTo further expand the photopharmacology application for discovering new antibiofilm agents, we prepared a series of light‐controlled azo‐active molecules and explored their photo isomerization, fatigue resistance, and anti‐biofilm performance. Furthermore, their mechanisms of inhibiting biofilm formation were systematically investigated. Overall, designed azo‐derivative A11 featured excellent anti‐Xoo activity with an half‐maximal effective concentration (EC50) value of 5.45 μg mL−1, and the EC50 value could be further elevated to 2.19 μg mL−1 after ultraviolet irradiation (converted as cis‐configuration). The photo‐switching behavior showed that A11 had outstanding anti‐fatigue properties. An in‐depth analysis of the action mechanism showed that A11 could effectively inhibit biofilm formation and the expression of relevant virulence factors. This performance could be dynamically regulated via loading with private light‐switch property.CONCLUSIONIn this work, designed light‐controlled azo molecules provide a new model for resisting bacterial infection via dynamic regulation of bacterial biofilm formation. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Occurrence of a population of the root‐knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, with low sensitivity to two major nematicides, fosthiazate and fluopyram, in Japan
Authors: Fujikawa Aoto , Perry Roland N. , Toyota Koki 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe root‐knot nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne incognita, affects food production globally and nematicides, such as fosthiazate and fluopyram, are frequently used in Japan to control damage caused by RKN. In aboveground pests, the emergence of a population with developed resistance is frequently found after the continuous use of the same pesticides; however, there are few studies on changes in the sensitivity of plant‐parasitic nematodes, including RKN, to nematicides.RESULTSWe compared the sensitivity of two populations of M. incognita to fosthiazate and fluopyram, one population with a history of exposure to fosthiazate and 1,3‐dichloropropene (Ibaraki population) and the other without nematicide use for decades (Aichi population). A concentration of fosthiazate and fluopyram causing 50% mortality at 24 h post‐treatment (LC50) was markedly higher in the Ibaraki population (5.4 and 2.3 mg L−1) than in the Aichi population (0.024 and 0.011 mg L−1 in fosthiazate and fluopyram, respectively), indicating the low sensitivity of the Ibaraki population to fosthiazate and fluopyram. Experiments using different enzyme inhibitors indicated the involvement of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which is the target of fosthiazate, and glutathione S‐transferase (GST), a typical enzyme related to detoxification, in the low sensitivity mechanism. The activity of AChE was 33‐fold higher in the Ibaraki population than in the Aichi population and there were many differences in their nucleotide sequences. In addition, the gene expression level of GST was 239‐fold higher in the Ibaraki population than in the Aichi population.CONCLUSIONThese results revealed differences in the sensitivity to nematicides among RKN populations. Two factors were identified as related to the mechanism of low sensitivity in the Ibaraki population. This is the first report showing the difference in the sensitivity to fluopyram between populations of M. incognita. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Disenchanted comradery: The social process of persistent mistrust among North Korean refugees in the United Kingdom
Authors: Shin Hwajin , Son Inseo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPrevious research on refugees demonstrates that low interpersonal trust impedes their social adaptation in host countries. However, a pervasive sense of low trust among refugees, particularly within their own communities, remains less understood. Using survey and interview data from North Korean refugees in London, United Kingdom, this study probes the social processes that foster mistrust towards their in‐group peers. The quantitative findings show that refugees have created a close‐knit, in‐group community bounded by strong emotional bonds that, counterintuitively, do not necessarily develop into mutual trust. The interviews show that the asylum‐seeking experiences and the cultural norms they bring from North Korea continue to shape how they perceive in‐group contacts as potential threats. Additionally, interactions with locals, especially South Korean immigrants, amplify perceptions of inferiority and mistrust towards in‐group members. These findings illuminate the complex social process through which mutual mistrust continues to persist among refugees, offering insights into the multifaceted challenges refugees face in resettlement.
An Experimental Approach for the Quantitative Assessment of Downstream Swimming Fish Behavior
Authors: Roth Márcio S. , Wagner Falko , Roessger Tom , Kopecki Ianina , Powalla Dennis , Stamm Juergen 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBehavior of fish influences the mortality risk during turbine and pump passages. Knowledge about species‐specific behavior and its triggers is necessary for improving numerical models and the development of autonomous sensor probes to estimate fish mortality in turbines and pumps. A primary objective of the RETERO project is the study of fish behavior in hydraulic conditions similar to turbine and pump intakes in controlled conditions. For this purpose, an experimental conduit was constructed at the Hubert‐Engels Laboratory of the TUD Dresden University of Technology (Germany) equipped with a 3D camera infrared tracking system. The conduit was designed to model hydraulic conditions typical for turbine and pump intakes. In the experimental setup, the effects of flow velocities exceeding the maximum swim speed of fish, as well as spatial velocity gradients and illumination conditions on the fish behavior are studied. The data from brown trout (Salmo trutta) allow for an analysis of how these fish react to flow accelerations and velocities surpassing their sprint speed, using quantitative metrics for movement and activity. An initial evaluation of these experiments highlights the potential of this approach for further research.
Hydroxyl Defects‐Mediated Hydrolytic Activation of Peroxydisulfate Under Nanoconfinement: Role of Lewis Basic Sites for Altering the Photosensitized Species and Pathways
Authors: Tang Xiaofeng , Wang Yashuang , Zhu Yi , Jin Sijia , Bao Yingjian , Dong Feilong , Song Shuang , Zhang Haiyan , Zeng Tao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHerein, the pivotal mechanism of defect engineering‐mediated triazine‐based conjugated polymers (TCPs) is comprehensively elucidated for photosensitized activation of peroxydisulfate (PDS) under nanoconfinement by encapsulating the defective polymer framework into the nanochannel of SBA‐15 (d‐TCPs@SBA‐15). The incorporated hydroxyl defects (‐OH defects) substantially accelerate the accumulation of electrons at ‐OH defects, forming the Lewis basic sites. Due to the facilitated elongation of the S─O bond and reduced energy barrier of SO5* generation, the captured PDS undergo prehydrolysis process, oxidized into O2− and 1O2 by surrounding h+, thereby setting apart from the conventional reductive activation of SO4−/•OH generation occurred in pristine TCPs (p‐TCPs). Crucially, this work represents a pioneering effort in exploring the PDS activation pathway upon the defective polymer under the nanoconfinement to leverage kinetic merits of slow photon effect and reactive oxygen species (ROSs) enrichment, and the novel prehydrolysis activation mechanism involved may catalyze the rational design of photocatalysts featuring Lewis‐acid/base centers.
Preparation of Pressure‐Resistant and Mechanically Durable Superhydrophobic Coatings via Non‐Solvent Induced Phase Separation for Anti‐Icing
Authors: Li Bucheng , Liang Weidong , Zhang Jiaren , Wei Jinfei , Mao Mingyuan , Zhang Junping 
Published: October 2024

AbstractInspired by the lotus leaf effect, superhydrophobic coatings have significant potential in various fields, However, their poor pressure resistance, weak mechanical durability, and complex preparation processes severely limit practical applications. Here, a method for preparing pressure‐resistant and durable superhydrophobic coatings by simply spray‐coating a phase separation suspension containing fluorinated silica nanoparticles and polyolefin adhesive onto substrates is introduced, which forms superhydrophobic coatings with a porous and hierarchical micro‐/nanostructure. The resulting superhydrophobic coatings exhibit outstanding pressure resistance, maintaining a Cassie‐Baxte state after 18 days of submersion in 1 m of water. Furthermore, the coatings demonstrate remarkable mechanical durability, withstanding 200 cycles of Taber abrasion, 100 cycles of tape‐peeling, and 750 g of sand abrasion. The coatings also show excellent chemical stability, enduring long‐term immersion in corrosive liquids and 120 d of outdoor exposure. Additionally, the coatings display excellent anti‐icing properties and can be applied to various substrate surfaces. This approach improves on the limitations of conventional superhydrophobic coatings and accelerates the application of superhydrophobic coatings in real‐world environments.
Boosting Fast Charging of Lithium‐Metal Batteries via Weak Interactions Between Non‐Solvating Solvents and Anions in High‐Safety Eutectic Electrolytes
Authors: Xie Lin , Liang Yihong , Wang Jialin , Wu Wanbao , Zhang Jichuan , Zhang Jiaheng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractProper design of the solvation structure is crucial for the development of lithium metal batteries (LMBs). In this paper, the use of 1,2‐Dimethoxyethane (DME) as a non‐solvating cosolvent in amide‐based eutectic electrolytes is proposed to address challenges related to high viscosity, high polarization, and low conductivity, thus enhancing the compatibility with lithium metal anodes. Through physical characterization combined with simulation calculations the existence of a weak interaction between DME and anions is confirmed, which promotes the dissociation of lithium salts and increases the Li+ transference number and diffusion coefficient, thus improving the fast charging performance of eutectic electrolytes. In addition, stable SEI layer enriched with inorganic components is formed during the cycling process, resulting in uniform and dense lithium deposition. The fast charging performance of the cell can be effectively improved by utilizing the interaction between anions and solvents. The LiFePO4 (LFP)||Li cell has a capacity retention of 97% after 1200 cycles at 5 C and also performs well at high temperature of 50 °C. Overall, the use of a non‐solvating cosolvent in eutectic electrolytes presents a promising and innovative approach for enhancing electrolyte performance in LMBs.
Estimation of Expectile‐Based Marginal Expected Shortfall Under Asymptotic Independence
Authors: Zhang Tianyi , Chen Liujun , Ji Jingyu 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe expectile‐based marginal expected shortfall (XMES) is an analogue of the quantile‐based marginal expected shortfall (QMES). We study the asymptotic behaviour of XMES when the underlying random variables are asymptotically independent. We consider two different methods for the estimation of XMES: one based on least asymmetrically weighted squares and the other making use of the QMES. We establish the asymptotic theories for both estimators. Additionally, we investigate the finite sample performance of our methods through a simulation study and present a concrete application to financial data.
Development of a Starch‐Based Foam System With Oxygen‐Controlled Release
Authors: Zhan Jun , Cao Meng , Qu Xiaoqing , Peng Panpan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCalcium peroxide (CP) offers promising applications in the food industry due to its oxygen‐donating properties. However, the rapid release of oxygen by CP needs to be addressed for fruit preservation applications. In this paper, a starch‐based foam is prepared to embed CP to alleviate this problem. Results show that the starch foam extruded at 150 °C and 150 rpm shows a high foaming ratio of 19.28 and displays a high moisture adsorption capacity of 0.21 g water/g solids when stored at 97% relative humidity (RH), which effectively regulates the water accessibility to CP. The initial oxygen release rate of the embedded CP is reduced from 0.19 to 0.07 mmol L−1 h−1, and the release time is prolonged. The wet‐stored foam shows excellent cushioning ability, with a recovery ratio higher than 72%. The starch‐based active foam with a tunable release of oxygen and cushioning properties can be used as active packaging for fresh fruit transportation and preservation.
Navigating water policy implementation in Myanmar
Authors: Thein Khin Ni Ni 
Published: October 2024

Key Messages

Collaboration between people and decision makers is essential for effective water policy implementation: The article emphasizes the importance of both decision makers and the public in implementing water policies. Decision makers set frameworks and provide resources, while public involvement ensures practical application and sustainability. Effective implementation requires ongoing dialogue and cooperation between these groups, particularly in politically unstable contexts like Myanmar.
Challenges stem from weak governance and institutional fragmentation: The editorial highlights significant challenges in implementing water policies in Myanmar, such as weak institutional frameworks, poor governance, lack of political will, inadequate technical and human resources, and insufficient stakeholder engagement. These issues are compounded by a lack of coordination among government bodies, leading to overlapping responsibilities and competition, which stifle innovation and active participation.
A people‐centered, inclusive approach and spiritual transformation are needed: The article proposes that a new water management paradigm should integrate socio‐technology, system science, and spiritual transformation to address water issues effectively. It argues that promoting empathy, trust, and collaborative practices can help overcome historical mistrust and trauma among different groups in Myanmar. This approach aims to foster a more inclusive, adaptable, and sustainable water policy that aligns with cultural values and promotes fair water resource sharing.