bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional assessment of curvature, torsion, and canal flare index of the humerus of skeletally mature nonchondrodystrophic dogs
Authors: Smith Emily J. , Marcellin-Little Denis J. , Harrysson Ola L. A. , Griffith Emily H. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess 3-D geometry of the humerus of dogs and determine whether the craniocaudal canal flare index (CFI) is associated with specific geometric features.
SAMPLE CT images (n = 40) and radiographs (38) for 2 groups of skeletally mature nonchondrodystrophic dogs.
PROCEDURES General dimensions (length, CFI, cortical thickness, and humeral head offset), curvature (shaft, humeral head, and glenoid cavity), version (humeral head and greater tubercle), and torsion were evaluated on CT images. Dogs were allocated into 3 groups on the basis of the craniocaudal CFI, and results were compared among these 3 groups. The CT measurements were compared with radiographic measurements obtained for another group of dogs.
RESULTS Mean ± SD humeral head version was −75.9 ± 9.6° (range, −100.7° to −59.4°). Mean mechanical lateral distal humeral angle, mechanical caudal proximal humeral angle, and mechanical cranial distal humeral angle were 89.5 ± 3.5°, 50.2 ± 4.5°, and 72.9 ± 7.8°, respectively, and did not differ from corresponding radiographic measurements. Mean humeral curvature was 20.4 ± 4.4° (range, 9.6° to 30.5°). Mean craniocaudal CFI was 1.74 ± 0.18 (range, 1.37 to 2.10). Dogs with a high craniocaudal CFI had thicker cranial and medial cortices than dogs with a low craniocaudal CFI. Increased body weight was associated with a lower craniocaudal CFI. Radiographic and CT measurements of craniocaudal CFI and curvature differed significantly.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE CT-based 3-D reconstructions allowed the assessment of shaft angulation, torsion, and CFI. Radiographic and CT measurements of shaft curvature and CFI may differ.
Dual-energy computed tomography of canine uroliths
Authors: Nykamp Stephanie G. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether dual-energy CT (DECT) could accurately differentiate the composition of common canine uroliths in a phantom model.
SAMPLE 30 canine uroliths with pure compositions.
PROCEDURES Each urolith was composed of ≥ 70% struvite (n = 10), urate (8), cystine (5), calcium oxalate (4), or brushite (3) as determined by standard laboratory methods performed at the Canadian Veterinary Urolith Centre. Uroliths were suspended in an agar phantom, and DECT was performed at low (80 kV) and high (140 kV) energies. The ability of low- and high-energy CT numbers, DECT number, and DECT ratio to distinguish uroliths on the basis of composition was assessed with multivariate ANOVA.
RESULTS No single DECT measure differentiated all urolith types. The DECT ratio differentiated urate uroliths from all other types of uroliths. The DECT and low-energy CT numbers were able to differentiate between 8 and 7 pairs of urolith types, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that DECT was unable to differentiate common types of canine uroliths in an in vitro model; therefore, it is unlikely to be clinically useful for determining urolith composition in vivo. Given that the primary reasons for determining urolith composition in vivo are to predict response to shock wave lithotripsy and develop a treatment plan, future research should focus on the correlation between DECT measurements and urolith fragility rather than urolith composition.
Pharmacokinetics and selected pharmacodynamics of trazodone following intravenous and oral administration to horses undergoing fitness training
Authors: Knych Heather K. , Mama Khursheed R. , Steffey Eugene P. , Stanley Scott D. , Kass Philip H. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure concentrations of trazodone and its major metabolite in plasma and urine after administration to healthy horses and concurrently assess selected physiologic and behavioral effects of the drug.
ANIMALS 11 Thoroughbred horses enrolled in a fitness training program.
PROCEDURES In a pilot investigation, 4 horses received trazodone IV (n = 2) or orally (2) to select a dose for the full study; 1 horse received a vehicle control treatment IV. For the full study, trazodone was initially administered IV (1.5 mg/kg) to 6 horses and subsequently given orally (4 mg/kg), with a 5-week washout period between treatments. Blood and urine samples were collected prior to drug administration and at multiple time points up to 48 hours afterward. Samples were analyzed for trazodone and metabolite concentrations, and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined; plasma drug concentrations following IV administration best fit a 3-compartment model. Behavioral and physiologic effects were assessed.
RESULTS After IV administration, total clearance of trazodone was 6.85 ± 2.80 mL/min/kg, volume of distribution at steady state was 1.06 ± 0.07 L/kg, and elimination half-life was 8.58 ± 1.88 hours. Terminal phase half-life was 7.11 ± 1.70 hours after oral administration. Horses had signs of aggression and excitation, tremors, and ataxia at the highest IV dose (2 mg/kg) in the pilot investigation. After IV drug administration in the full study (1.5 mg/kg), horses were ataxic and had tremors; sedation was evident after oral administration.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Administration of trazodone to horses elicited a wide range of effects. Additional study is warranted before clinical use of trazodone in horses can be recommended.
Pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of metformin hydrochloride in healthy mixed-breed dogs
Authors: Johnston Charlotte A. , Dickinson Valerie S. MacDonald , Alcorn Jane , Gaunt M. Casey 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the pharmacokinetics of metformin hydrochloride in healthy dogs after IV and oral bolus administrations and determine the oral dose of metformin that yields serum concentrations equivalent to those thought to be effective in humans.
ANIMALS 7 healthy adult mixed-breed dogs.
PROCEDURES Each dog was given a single dose of metformin IV (mean ± SD dose, 24.77 ± 0.60 mg/kg) or PO (mean dose, 19.14 ± 2.78 mg/kg) with a 1-week washout period between treatments. For each treatment, blood samples were collected before and at intervals up to 72 hours after metformin administration. Seventy-two hours after the crossover study, each dog was administered metformin (mean dose, 13.57 ± 0.55 mg/kg), PO, twice daily for 7 days. Blood samples were taken before treatment initiation on day 0 and immediately before the morning drug administration on days 2, 4, 6, and 7. Serum metformin concentrations were determined by means of a validated flow injection analysis–tandem mass spectrometry method.
RESULTS After IV or oral administration to the 7 dogs, there was high interindividual variability in mean serum metformin concentrations over time. Mean ± SD half-life of metformin following IV administration was 20.4 ± 4.1 hours. The mean time to maximum serum concentration was 2.5 ± 0.4 hours. Mean systemic clearance and volume of distribution were 24.1 ± 7.8 mL/min/kg and 44.8 ± 23.5 L/kg, respectively. The mean oral bioavailability was 31%.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The study data indicated that the general disposition pattern and bioavailability of metformin in dogs are similar to those reported for cats and humans.
Comparison of insertion characteristics of tapered and cylindrical transfixation pins in third metacarpal bones of equine cadavers
Authors: Adams Mackenzie K. , Lescun Timothy B. , Mechem Alexis S. , Johnson Whitney R. , Griffin T. Hall , Main Russell P. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare heat generation and mechanical bone damage for tapered and cylindrical transfixation pins during drilling, tapping, and pin insertion in equine third metacarpal bones.
SAMPLE 16 pairs of cadaveric equine third metacarpal bones.
PROCEDURES For cylindrical pin insertion, a 6.2-mm hole was drilled and tapped with a cylindrical tap, and then a standard 6.3-mm pin was inserted. For tapered pin insertion, a 6.0-mm hole was drilled, reamed with a tapered reamer, and tapped with a tapered tap, and then a 6.3-mm tapered pin was inserted. Paired t tests and 1-way ANOVAs were used to compare heat generation (measured by use of thermocouples and thermography), macrodamage (assessed by use of stereomicroscopy), and microdamage (assessed by examination of basic fuchsin–stained histologic specimens) between cylindrical and tapered pins and between tapered pins inserted to various insertion torques.
RESULTS Tapered pin insertion generated less heat but resulted in more bone damage than did cylindrical pin insertion when pins were inserted to the same insertion torque. Insertion of tapered pins to increasing insertion torques up to 16 N•m resulted in increased heat generation and bone damage.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Tapered pin insertion resulted in lower heat production than did cylindrical pin insertion. However, tapered pin insertion resulted in greater bone damage, which likely was attributable to differences in the tapered and cylindrical taps. A tapered pin may be preferable to a cylindrical pin for insertion in equine cortical bone provided that improvements in tap design can reduce bone damage during insertion.
Dampak Masuknya Low-cost Carrier Terhadap Pergerakan Penumpang Internasional pada Bandar Udara Internasional di Asia
Authors: Purwandono Putut , Yoshida Yuichiro , Kawata Keisuke 
Published: September 2017

Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah mempelajari dampak dari masuknya maskapai berbiaya murah (LCC) terhadap perubahan pergerakan penumpang internasional di 30 bandar udara internasional di wilayah Asia Timur dan Asia Tenggara. Hasil estimasi menggunakan model fixed-effect yang kami peroleh menunjukkan bukti kuat bahwa masuknya LCC menyebabkan naiknya jumlah penumpang internasional secara signifikan. Namun demikian, dampak ini akan menurun ketika jarak antara bandar udara asal dan tujuan semakin jauh dan maskapai non-LCC melayani rute yang sama. Penambahan jumlah LCC yang terus menerus akan memberikan tingkat kenaikan yang semakin menurun. Hasil studi kami mampu menyimpulkan dampak dari masuknya LCC pada rute internasional dan dapat menjelaskan pada kondisi apa masuknya LCC mampu menghasilkan dampak positif yang signifikan.
[Impact of Low-cost Carrier Entry on International Air Passenger Movements at International Airports in Asia] This paper primarily studies the impact of low-cost carrier (LCC) entry on the change of international passenger movement at 30 international airports in Northeast and Southeast Asia. Our fixed-effect estimation found enough evidence to claim that LCC entry at international route causes number of passenger to increase significantly. Nevertheless, the positive impact of LCC entry diminishes as distance between origin and final destination airport gets longer and full service carrier (FSC) service exists. Moreover, additional LCC companies brings about lower increase rate in number of international passengers. Our findings justify the positive impact of having LCC entry for international route and explain the condition under which LCC entry gives positive and significant result.
Evaluasi Kinerja Pelayanan Penumpang di Bandar Udara Sultan Thaha Jambi
Authors: Yarlina Lita 
Published: September 2017

Bandar udara Sultan Thaha adalah bandar udara yang terletak di Kota Jambi dikelola oleh PT. Angkasa Pura II, tanggal 27 Desember 2015 Terminal Bandara Baru Bandara Sultan Thaha baru dioperasikan seluas 9.801 m2 dapat menampung 1,8 juta penumpang per tahun. Pergerakan Penumpang mengalami kenaikan sebesar 2,66%, pada tahun 2014 menjadi 1.316.379 penumpang. Oleh karena itu, pengelola bandara dapat meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan sesuai dengan standar pelayanan pengguna jasa bandar udara agar dapat memberikan kepuasan terhadap penumpang. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) . Hasil yang diperoleh terhadap 24 indikator kinerja pelayanan terhadap kepuasan penumpang sebesar 79,85, hal ini menunjukan bahwa Bandar udara Sultan Thaha Jambi sudah memberikan pelayanan yang memuaskan terhadap penumpang. Berdasarkan Standar pelayanan pengguna jasa bandar udara penilaian terhadap fasilitas proses keberangkatan dan kedatangan penumpang di bandar udara ini dengan nilai 90 yaitu A (istimewa), fasilitas yang memberikan kenyaman dengan nilai 85 yaitu B (baik sekali), dan fasilitas yang memberikan nilai tambah dengan nilai 50 yaitu B (baik sekali). Berdasarkan standar pelayanan nilai tambah Bandar udara Sultan Thaha Jambi belum memiliki ruang bermain anak dan fasilitas air minum, sebagai bahan pertimbangan untuk meningkatkan kualitas layanan pengelola Bandar udara Sultan Thaha agar menyediakan kedua fasilitas tersebut agar standar pelayanan penguna jasa bandar udara terpenuhi.
[The Evaluation of Passenger Services Performance in Sultan Thaha Airport - Jambi] Sultan Thaha Airport which is located at Jambi is one of airports managed by PT Angkasa Pura II (Persero). At December 27, 2015, the new terminal of Sultan Thaha Airport officially operated with building area of 9,801 m2 and can accommodate up to 1.8 million passengers per year. In the year of 2014, the airport experienced the increase of passenger movement by 2.66% which made the total amount of 1,316,379 passengers. Therefore, the airport operator needs to improve the services quality in accordance with the standard of the airport user services in order to maintain the customer satisfaction. The analytical method that is used in this study is Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI). The results assign the satisfaction score of 79.85 for 24 service performance indicators which means Sultan Thaha Airport provide satisfactory services for its users. In regard of the airport user services standard, the rank of those services indicators is as follows the departure and arrival facilities indicator receives the score of 90 which is equal to A (exceptional), facilities that provide comfort indicator receives the score of 85 which is equal to B (excellent), and facilities that provide added value indicator receives the score of 50 which is equal to B (excellent). However, Sultan Thaha Airport is still lack of kids playground and tap water facilities that can be proposed as consideration for the improvement of the airport service quality.
Faktor Penyebab Kelelahan dan Stres Kerja Terhadap Personel Air Traffic Controller (ATC) di Bandar Udara “X”
Authors: Susanti Susanti 
Published: September 2017

Sebagai upaya dalam meningkatkan keselamatan penerbangan khususnya di bandar udara, maka perlu dilakukan kajian tentang fatigue dan Job Stress ATC yang memegang peranan penting dalam menjaga keselamatan khususnya penanganan terhadap pesawat. Maksud kajian adalah untuk mengevaluasi bagaimana peran kelelahan dan stres kerja ATC dapat diantisipasi untuk mencegah faktor human error. Tujuan kajian ini adalah memberikan bahan masukan kepada penyelenggara jasa angkutan udara dan instansi terkait untuk mencegah fatigue dan job stress dengan melakukan upaya-upaya yang maksimal. Hasil kajian ini mengindikasikan beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi stres kerja, yang paling besar memberikan pengaruh adalah faktor beban kerja (workload) yang memberikan kontribusi sebesar 3.24, kemudian disusul oleh hubungan kerja (human relationship) sebesar 2.53, lingkungan kerja (working environment) sebesar 2.11 dan konfilk peran (role conflict) sebesar 2.12.
[Air Traffic Controllers Fatigue and Job Stress at X Airport ] In the effort to improve aviation safety, particularly at the airports, it is necessary to conduct the research concerning on the fatigue and job stress of the Air Traffic Controller (ATC) whom have an important role in maintaining aviation safety particularly in the aircrafts control and guidance. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the fatigue and job stress of the ATC so that it can be anticipated to prevent the occurrence of any human errors. The aim of this study is to provide the recommendation for aviation service operator and other related stakeholders in order to reduce the fatigue and job stress. From the conclusion, it is indicated that several factors affect the fatigue and job stress in which the most important factors (in descending order) are the workload (score 3.24), human relationship (score 2.53), the working environment (score 2.11) and role conflict (score 2.12).
Penerapan Skema Badan Layanan Umum Dalam Pengelolaan Keuangan Bandar Udara Internasional Jawa Barat
Authors: Zulaichah Zulaichah 
Published: September 2017

Bandara Internasional Jawa barat (BIJB) merupakan salah satu bandar udara di provinsi Jawa Barat. Bandara ini dibangun dalam rangka mendorong pengembangan wilayah pembangunan Ciayumajakuning (Cirebon-Indramayu-Majalengka-Kuningan). Presiden Republik Indonesia menerbitkan kebijakan pengalihan pembangunan dan pengoperasian BIJB dari Pemerintah Daerah Provinsi Jawa Barat ke Kementerian Perhubungan (pemerintah pusat). Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah skema Badan Layanan Umum (BLU) dapat diterapkan pada pengelolaan keuangan Bandar Udara Internasional Jawa Barat. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengkajian adalah analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Ditinjau dari persyaratan pengusulan BLU, BIJB telah memenuhi persyaratan substantif namun persyaratan teknis dan administratif belum terpenuhi. Jika persyaratan substantif dan teknis telah terpenuhi maka BIJB dapat diusulkan menjadi satuan kerja yang menerapkan PPK BLU bertahap. Aset BIJB masih terdiri dari 2 kepemilikan dimana lahan dan fasilitas sisi darat (terminal penumpang) merupakan aset milik Pemerintah Daerah Jawa Barat sedangkan fasilitas sisi udara (runway, apron, taxiway) merupakan aset milik Kementerian Perhubungan. Pengalihan kepemilikan aset dari Pemerintah Daerah Jawa Barat ke Kementerian Perhubungan harus diselesaikan sebelum BIJB diusulkan menjadi satuan kerja pemerintah yang menerapkan pengelolaan keuangan Badan Layanan Umum (PPK BLU)
[The Application of Badan Layanan Umum Scheme in The Financial Management of Jawa Barat International Airport] Jawa Barat International Airport (JBIA) is one of the airports in the West Java Province. This airport was built to boost the growth of Ciayumajakuning region (Cirebon, Indramayu, Majalengka and Kuningan). The President of Indonesia issued a policy that JBIA construction and operation transferred from the West Java Provincial Government to The Ministry of Transportation (as the Central Government). This research aims to determine whether the scheme of Badan Layanan Umum (BLU) can be applied in the financial management of JBIA. The method which is used in this research is qualitative descriptive analysis. Based on this research, JBIA has met the substantive requirement, but not yet in the technical and administrative requirements. If JBIA can fulfill the substantive and technical requirements, then JBIA can be proposed as government agency that applies BLU financial management gradually. JBIA assets are belong to two owners where the landside facilities (terminal building) are owned by the West Java Provincial Government while the airside facilities (runway, apron and taxiway) are owned by the Ministry Of Transportation. The transfer of the assets from the West Java Provincial Government to The Ministry of Transportation needs to be done before JBIA is proposed as government agency with BLU financial management.
O ACCOUNTABILITY, A TRANSPARÊNCIA PÚBLICA E O DIREITO HUMANO AO DESENVOLVIMENTO
Authors: Devides José Eduardo Costa , Da Silveira Daniel Barile 
Published: September 2017

Os direitos humanos representam todos os direitos inerentes à existência humana digna, sendo, um deles, o desenvolvimento. Salienta-se que este direito não possui apenas vertente econômica, pois engloba outros fatores como cultura, política, meio ambiente etc. Assim, este trabalho analisou o direito humano ao desenvolvimento e concluiu que o accountability e a transparência pública são meios que visam à promoção do seu fim. Para isto, a pesquisa foi desenvolvida com base no método indutivo a partir de investigações de cunho qualitativo.
FRAGILIDADES DAS DEMOCRACIAS NA AMÉRICA LATINA: UMA ANÁLISE EMPÍRICA
Authors: Albuquerque Armando 
Published: September 2017

A terceira onda de democratização repercutiu na América Latina e proporcionou uma série de mudanças nas suas instituições políticas. Este artigo visa tratar da democracia e as suas fragilidades na América Latina após a ‘terceira onda’. Para tanto, ele assume a definição empírica de democracia fornecida pela organização não governamental Freedom House e mensura a democracia a partir da categoria de liberdade e das suas duas dimensões: os direitos políticos e as liberdades civis. Finalmente, com base nos indicadores e índices fornecidos pelo relatório Freedom in the World (2014), passa-se à análise comparada da democracia em 18 países latino-americanos, apontando as suas principais fragilidades que contribuem fortemente para a não consolidação dos regimes democráticos na região.
The steady-state crystal size of deforming ice
Authors: Jacka T.H. , Jun Li 
Published: September 2017

Previous studies have established that, together with the development of a preferred crystal-orientation fabric in ice undergoing creep deformation to high strains, there also develops a tertiary equilibrium crystal size, i.e. the crystal size, rather than affecting the creep rate, is a result of the deformation to large strains.Equilibrium crystal size is considered here as a “balance” between crystal growth with time as a function of temperature and crystal change as a result of temperature dependent deformation. The temperature effects in these two processes (Arrhenius relation) are similar and consideration of the activation energies for the two processes indicates that it may be appropriate to cancel them, yielding a dependence of equilibrium crystal size on stress alone. The results from laboratory experiments of steady-state crystal size plotted as a function of stress support the above proposition.The possibility of using the relationships between steady-state crystal size and deviatoric stress as a polar ice-mass piezometer is discussed.