bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Training, work, and lifestyle of transplant physicians and surgeons in Germany
Authors: Hoyer Dieter P. , Kaiser Gernot M. , Cicinnati Vito , Radunz Sonia , Braun Felix , Greif‐Higer Gertrud , Schulze Maren , Schmidt Hartmut J. , Paul Andreas , Beckebaum Susanne 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundInternational data on training, work, and lifestyle of transplant physicians and surgeons are scarce. Such data might help in development of uniform education paths and provide insights for young clinicians interested in this field. This study aimed at the evaluation of these data in all transplant‐associated medical disciplines.MethodsA survey on professional and academic training, workload, and lifestyle was generated. The questionnaire was distributed to all members of the German Transplant Association (DTG), utilizing the tool SurveyMonkey®.ResultsA total of 127 members of the DTG responded (male/female 66.1%/33.9%, 45.8±10.3 years). The majority had been working in transplant medicine for more than 10 years (61.9%). Fifteen respondents (11.8%) obtained an official European certification (European Union of Medical Specialists). A total of 57 (48.3%) respondents worked full time on research during training. The research focus was clinical for most respondents (n=72, 61.5%). An average working time of 62±1.5 h/wk was reported. Fifty‐eight percent of all respondents complained of inadequate remuneration and 50% reported inadequate acknowledgment of their professional performance.ConclusionThis is the first study reporting characteristics of training, work, and lifestyle in an interdisciplinary cohort of German transplant physicians and surgeons. Enormous efforts in clinical and research work were reported, associated with high rates of professional and financial dissatisfaction.
Development of the Assisting Hand Assessment for adolescents (Ad‐AHA) and validation of the AHA from 18 months to 18 years
Authors: Louwers Annoek , Beelen Anita , Holmefur Marie , Krumlinde‐Sundholm Lena 
Published: June 2016

AimTo develop and evaluate a test activity from which bimanual performance in adolescents with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP) can be observed and scored with the Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA), and to evaluate the construct validity of the AHA test items for the extended age range 18 months to 18 years.MethodA new test activity was developed and evaluated for its ability to elicit bimanual actions in adolescents with (n=20) and without (n=10) unilateral CP. The AHA scores of 126 adolescents (mean age 14y 3mo, SD 2y 6mo; 71 males, 55 females) and 157 children with unilateral CP (mean age 6y 1mo, SD 2y 10mo; 102 males, 55 females) were analysed using the Rasch measurement model.ResultsThe test activity elicited bimanual actions in 100% of typically developing adolescents and in 96.8% and 57.9% of adolescents with unilateral CP (moderately and severely limited hand function respectively). The scale demonstrated good construct validity; thus the same scoring criteria can be used for the age range studied.InterpretationThe new Assisting Hand Assessment for adolescents (Ad‐AHA) activity is valid for use with 13‐ to 18‐year‐olds to elicit bimanual performance in adolescents with unilateral CP. The same AHA scoring criteria can be used both for children and for adolescents within the age range 18 months to 18 years.
Subclinical temporal EEG seizure pattern in LGI1‐antibody–mediated encephalitis
Authors: Steriade Claude , Mirsattari Seyed M. , Murray Brian J. , Wennberg Richard 
Published: June 2016

SummaryLeucine‐rich glioma inactived‐1 (LGI1) antibodies are associated with limbic encephalitis and distinctive seizure types, which are typically immunotherapy‐responsive. Although nonspecific electroencephalography (EEG) abnormalities are commonly seen, specific EEG characteristics are not currently understood to be useful for suspecting the clinical diagnosis. Based on initial observations in two patients, we analyzed the clinical features and EEG recordings in a larger series of patients (n = 9) and describe a novel ictal pattern that can suggest the diagnosis of LGI1‐antibody–mediated encephalitis, even in the absence of typical clinical features. As expected, psychiatric and cognitive symptoms were common, as were tonic seizures associated with EEG electrodecremental events (often with the so‐called faciobrachial dystonic semiology). Remarkably, in five patients, a near absence of interictal epileptiform discharges contrasted with frequent subclinical temporal lobe seizures, at times triggered by hyperventilation. This latter EEG pattern may facilitate early diagnosis of this serious but potentially treatable condition.
Calibration and validation of optical chlorophyll‐measuring devices for use in predicting crude protein concentration in tropical grass herbage
Authors: Hughes M. P. , Lallo C. H. O. , Mlambo V. , Jennings P. G. A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe objective of this experiment was to evaluate the Fieldscout CM 1000 NDVI and Yara N‐Tester as easy‐to‐use and cost‐effective tools for predicting foliar chlorophylls (a, b and total) and crude protein (CP) concentrations in herbage from three tropical grass species. Optical chlorophyll measurements were taken at three stages (4, 8 and 12 weeks) of regrowth maturity in Guinea grass (Panicum maximum) and Mulato II (Brachiaria hybrid) and at 6 and 12 weeks maturity in Paspalum spp (Paspalum atratum). Grass samples were harvested subsequent to optical measurements for laboratory analysis to determine CP and solvent‐extractable chlorophylls (a, b and total) concentrations. Optical chlorophyll measurements and CP concentrations were highly correlated (Yara N‐Tester: r2 = 0·77–0·89; Fieldscout CM 1000 NDVI: r2 = 0·52–0·84). Crude protein prediction models from the Yara N‐Tester and Fieldscout CM 1000 NDVI accounted for 70–89% and 44–73% CP variability, respectively, in Mulato II and Guinea grass. The Yara N‐tester produced more accurate and reliable CP estimates based on very high concordance correlation coefficient [CCC (0·73–0·91)] and low rMSPE, mean and regression bias. It is concluded that the Yara N‐Tester produces more accurate and reliable CP estimates of tropical pastures.
Biomass yield and nutrient content of a tropical mulberry forage bank: effects of season, harvest frequency and fertilization rate
Authors: González‐García E. , Martín Martín G. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractEffects of season (SEAS), organic fertilization with laying hen manure (N) and harvest frequency (FREQ) on forage yield and composition were evaluated in a high‐density mulberry forage bank, established under low‐input tropical farming conditions. The experiment, replicated over two consecutive years, was arranged in 18 treatments resulting from a 3 × 3×2 factorial design which combined three FREQ (60, 90 and 120 d), 3 N rates (100, 300 and 500 kg N ha−1 year−1) and the two seasons (RAIN and DRY). Forage yield, leaf‐to‐stem ratio, the edible fraction (EDIB, %), nutrient content and the maturity indexes were monitored. Either forage yield or qualities by plant fraction were strongly affected by SEAS, FREQ, N rate and by their interactions. Effects of FREQ and N were modulated by SEAS. Increasing FREQ during RAIN negatively affected EDIB yield and quality after 90 d, while increasing ligneous fraction. During DRY, longer FREQ allowed higher total forage and EDIB yields. Leaves were more abundant in RAIN, and its yield was increased with fertilization but only during this season. Maturity indexes were higher in DRY than in RAIN. Under the conditions of this experiment, harvesting at 60 and 90 d in RAIN and DRY, respectively, with an N rate of 300 kg N ha−1 year−1 seems the best agronomic choice for an optimal compromise between forage yield and nutritive value.
Impact of Accessibility and Knowledge Creation on Local and Regional Development in Turkey
Authors: Ersoy Aksel 
Published: June 2016

AbstractOne of the fundamental aspects of the economic and social viability of the local and regional areas of Turkey is the degree to which they have access to the wider national economic and social system. Accessibility is, therefore, of major social, economic and political significance in Turkey and it directly affects Turkey's regional growth and the quality of life in local communities. However, the importance of the economic and social viability of the communities is increasingly complicated in the face of rapid global economic recession. It is argued that countries need to develop knowledge economies to compete successfully as knowledge is a critical factor for growth. This paper integrates accessibility and the importance of knowledge creation in understanding local and regional economic development. This empirical study has shown that although there is a high correlation between the accessibility index and the population figures of Turkey, accessibility to knowledge differs across Turkish provinces.
Honey bees: the queens of mass media, despite minority rule among insect pollinators
Authors: Smith Tobias J. , Saunders Manu E. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Pollination is a critical ecosystem function with high ecological and economic value. Conservation initiatives aimed at protecting diverse pollinator communities in natural and agricultural habitats are essential, but the implementation and success of such initiatives often depends on public support.

Mass media play an important role in building public awareness around environmental issues, and biased coverage can have damaging effects. Here, we present the first analysis of how Australian mainstream media present the ‘pollinator’ paradigm. We gathered insect pollinator and pollination related articles from major Australian online newspapers published over a period of 9 years, and performed a qualitative content analysis using deductive coding to record information on the pollinator species or groups discussed in the story.

We found 151 stories, and demonstrate that within these, there was a disproportionate focus on introduced European honey bees as the most important, or only, pollinator insect relevant to Australia. Only 15% of stories mentioned native bees as pollinators and 17% mentioned non‐bee pollinators.

There is potential that the trend we report here for pollinators may be indicative of a larger overall simplification and neglect of biodiversity concepts in mainstream media, both in Australia and globally. As public awareness of science and environmental issues partly depend on disseminating accurate information beyond the scholar network, it is imperative that the broader effects of inaccurate science communication are fully understood.
New toothpaste to deal with dentine hypersensitivity: double‐blind randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Katanec T , Majstorovic M , Negovetic Vranic D , Ivic Kardum M , Marks LA 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose was to evaluate a combined effect of active ingredients contained in new toothpaste in reducing dentine hypersensitivity.MethodsThe tested toothpaste contained active ingredients potassium nitrate (5.00%) and zinc citrate (0.50%). Pain to water stimulus and blowing air was reported on hypersensitive teeth and measured using the VAS (Visual Analogue Scale). The degree of pain to water stimulus was detected after each subject drank a few sips of water which was boiled to the room temperature. Data were collected on each subject's dental history.ResultsA significant reduction in dentine hypersensitivity (26–29% after 2 weeks versus 40% after 4 weeks) was detected in the tested group. The controls also showed significant reduction to both stimuli, but at lower rate. A statistically significant difference to blowing air and water stimuli showed the highest impact for the tested group after 4 weeks (P = 0.033, P = 0.006).ConclusionThis study supports the efficacy of the tested toothpaste in reducing the phenomenon of dentine hypersensitivity after 4 weeks of usage.
Correlation between liver cell necrosis and circulating alanine aminotransferase after ischaemia/reperfusion injuries in the rat liver
Authors: Knudsen Anders R. , Andersen Kasper J. , Hamilton‐Dutoit Stephen , Nyengaard Jens R. , Mortensen Frank V. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryCirculating liver enzymes such as alanine transaminase are often used as markers of hepatocellular damage. Ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is an inevitable consequence of prolonged liver ischaemia. The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between liver enzymes and volume of liver cell necrosis after ischaemia/reperfusion injuries, using design‐unbiased stereological methods. Forty‐seven male Wistar rats were subjected to 1 h of partial liver ischaemia, followed by either 4 or 24 h of reperfusion. Within each group, one‐third of animals were subjected to ischaemic preconditioning and one‐third to ischaemic postconditioning. At the end of reperfusion, blood and liver samples were collected for analysis. The volume of necrotic liver tissue was subsequently correlated to circulating markers of I/R injury. Correlation between histological findings and circulating markers was performed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Alanine transferase peaked after 4 h of reperfusion; however, at this time‐point, only mild necrosis was observed, with a Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.663 (P = 0.001). After 24 h of reperfusion, alanine aminotransferase was found to be highly correlated to the degree of hepatocellular necrosis R = 0.836 (P = 0.000). Furthermore, alkaline phosphatase (R = 0.806) and α‐2‐macroglobulin (R = 0.655) levels were also correlated with the degree of necrosis. We show for the first time that there is a close correlation between the volume of hepatocellular necrosis and alanine aminotransferase levels in a model of I/R injury. This is especially apparent after 24 h of reperfusion. Similarly, increased levels of alkaline phosphatase and α‐2‐macroglobulin are correlated to the volume of liver necrosis.
Finding the right connections: Peer support within a community‐based mental health service
Authors: Gray Mel , Davies Kate , Butcher Luke 
Published: June 2016

Gray M., Davies K., Butcher L. Finding the right connections: Peer support within a community‐based mental health serviceThis article reports on a qualitative study that examined the organisational enablers and barriers to implementing peer support work in an Australian, rural, community‐based mental health service. Interviews with 19 peer and non‐peer staff were conducted to identify attitudes towards peer support and whether there were organisational values, practices and strategies that might support the implementation of peer support. The findings revealed that peer support workers were valued for their ability to build trusting connections with clients and to accept client choice in a non‐judgemental way. However, peer support workers tended to ‘fill service gaps’ within intensive, administrative case‐management environments. These findings highlight the importance of an organisational‐wide approach to integrating peer support, where the responsibilities for adopting new ways of working fall to all staff, not just the peer support workers themselves.Key Practitioner Message: • Practitioners placed high value on the peer support workers on their teams due to their unique personalised engagement with clients; • The roles of peer support workers were poorly understood by team members; • Organisational integration of peer support principles could improve the way all staff engage with clients to reflect a recovery orientation.
Resilience of nurses who work in community mental health workplaces in Palestine
Authors: Marie Mohammad , Hannigan Ben , Jones Aled 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPeople in Palestine live and work in a significantly challenging environment. As a result of these challenges they have developed resilient responses which are embedded in their cultural context. ‘Sumud’, in particular, is a socio‐political concept which refers to ways of surviving in the context of occupation, chronic adversity, lack of resources and limited infrastructure. Nurses' work in Palestine is an under‐researched subject and very little is known about how nurses adjust to such challenging environments. To address this gap in the literature this study aimed to explore the resilience of community mental health nurses (CMHNs) who work in Palestine. An interpretive qualitative design was chosen. Fifteen face‐to‐face interviews were completed with participants. Thirty‐two hours of observations of the day‐to‐day working environment and workplace routines were conducted in two communities' mental health centres. Written documents relating to practical job‐related policies were also collected from various workplaces. Thematic analysis was used across all data sources resulting in four main themes, which describe the sources of resilience among CMHNs. These sources are ‘Sumud and Islamic cultures’, ‘Supportive relationships’, ‘Making use of the available resources’, and ‘Personal capacity’. The study concludes with a better understanding of resilience in nursing, which draws on wider cultural contexts and social ecological responses. The outcomes from this study will be used to develop the resilience of CMHNs in Palestine.
Conditions for the invasion of male‐haploidy in diploid populations
Authors: Kidner J. , Moritz R. F. A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMale‐haploidy has independently evolved several times in different phylogenetic groups and has led to various extant lineages in the insects, Arachnida and Rotifera. Although the stability of male‐haploidy as an evolutionary strategy is not well understood, various theories address the invasion of male‐haploidy in diploid populations. Here two of these theories: (i) the maternal transmission hypothesis (MTH) and (ii) the deleterious mutation hypothesis (DMH), are re‐investigated with an agent‐based model to understand the role of genetic drift as a mechanism facilitating the spread of male‐haploidy. These two hypotheses are analysed separately and comparatively, and the results suggest dominance of the MTH. In addition, comparison of the stochastic results to deterministic results using the same model structure shows how genetic drift can enhance the parameter space where male‐haploidy can be expected to invade.
Microencapsulation of Lactobacillus acidophilus KLDS 1.0391 by Electrostatic Spray Increases Viability after In vitro Digestibility
Authors: Zhang Yifeng , Li Baoguo , Han Lu 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis study investigated the microencapsulation of Lactobacillus acidophilus KLDS 1.0391 (L. acidophilus) by electrostatic spray, and then it was studied in the imitative gastrointestinal environment. The L. acidophilus was encapsulated in alginate‐sodium (1.5%) and gelatin (1%) by the method of electrostatic spray. The results indicated that the mixture of alginate‐sodium and gelatin was non‐toxic to L. acidophilus. When the ratio between the core (L. acidophilus) and wall (mixture of alginate‐sodium and gelatin) was 1:2, the encapsulation efficiency (EE) was the highest for 96.3%. After the in vitro digestibility, samples had higher viability of L. acidophilus when subjected to the microencapsulation, from an initial 3.5 (control) to 6.6 log cfu/mL (microcapsules). This study demonstrated that the method of electrostatic spray was effective in preparing L. acidophilus microcapsules for a good acid resistance and enteric solubility.Practical ApplicationAlong with increased consumer demands on the fresh like appearance and taste of probiotics, microencapsulation as a new technology has been used for prolonging living of probiotics. This study investigated the microencapsulation of L. acidophilus KLDS 1.0391 by electrostatic spray, and then it was studied in an imitative gastrointestinal environment. Information generated from this study provided insights about the specific treatment conditions of process for prolonging living of L. acidophilus. Such information is valuable for developing industrial applications of microencapsulation processing technology in probiotics processing.
Describing the Sigmoidal Behavior of Roasted White Lupin (Lupinus albus) During Hydration
Authors: Augusto Pedro E.D. , Miano Alberto Claudio 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe hydration process is an important unit operation, being one of the first steps in dry foods processing. The hydration of grains is a complex phenomenon, whose exactly mechanisms are still unknown. In special, the sigmoidal hydration behavior of grains needs further studies. In fact, the behavior of many food products is inappropriately described in the literature due to an unsuitable evaluation. The present work evaluated the hydration of roasted white lupin (Lupinus albus) by reinterpreting previously published data. The new results shows that the white lupin grains hydration clearly showed a sigmoidal behavior, which was adequately modeled. As the temperature was increased, the model kinetic parameter increased, the lag phase decreased and the equilibrium moisture did not change. The model parameters were then modeled as a function of the temperature. The obtained results highlight the sigmoidal hydration behavior of the grains, as well as the need for further studies regarding the hydration of foods.Practical ApplicationsThe hydration is one of the first unit operations in dry products processing, such as grains. It is a discontinuous and time‐consuming step, thus limiting the industrial process. Furthermore, the hydration is a complex phenomenon, whose exactly mechanisms are still under study. Therefore, it is important to understand the hydration kinetics of different food products, as well as appropriately modeling the process. The present work described and modeled the sigmoidal behavior of roasted white lupin (Lupinus albus) grains, a product with a complex sigmoidal behavior. Therefore, the obtained results are useful for process design and optimization.
Adsorption of Red Pigment from Schisandra chinensis Extract Liquor
Authors: Sun Yuan‐Yuan , Xiao Qing‐Gui , Tang Hai‐Yan , Zhao Xiao‐Fei , Xu Hong‐Bin , Zhang Yi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSchisandra chinensis is used as a traditional Chinese medicine and Schisandra red pigment is an important antioxidant helpful in antiaging study. In this work, the Schisandra red pigment was extracted by adsorbing the water‐soaked liquor of S. chinensis fruit with resin. The kinetics, adsorption isotherms and thermodynamics for adsorption of red pigment from S. chinensis were investigated using HPD100 resin. The pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model correlated well to the experimental data. The equilibrium data were found to follow the Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The thermodynamic parameters including the changes of Gibbs free energy (ΔG), entropy (ΔS) and enthalpy (ΔH) demonstrated that the adsorption process of red pigment was spontaneous and endothermic. It was controlled by physical mechanism rather than chemical mechanism. The models of kinetics, adsorption isotherms and thermodynamics for adsorption of red pigment from S. chinensis can interpret the adsorption process. They also helped to gave guidance to the purification of red pigment of S. chinensis.Practical ApplicationsKinetics, adsorption isotherms and thermodynamics are helpful in the study of adsorption process. In this work, they were used to optimize the conditions of adsorption process and interpret the adsorption mechanism. The results provided references for the research on red pigment of Schisandra chinensis and other pigments, in addition, they were of great significance in further application of adsorption technique.