bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sagittal Subtalar and Talocrural Joint Assessment During Ambulation With Controlled Ankle Movement (CAM) Boots
Authors: McHenry Benjamin D. , Exten Emily L. , Cross Janelle A. , Kruger Karen M. , Law Brian , Fritz Jessica M. , Harris Gerald 
Published: August 2017

Background: The purpose of the current study was to determine sagittal plane talocrural and subtalar kinematic differences between barefoot and controlled ankle movement (CAM) boot walking. This study used fluoroscopic images to determine talar motion relative to tibia and calcaneal motion relative to talus. Methods: Fourteen male subjects (mean age 24.1 ± 3.5 years) screened for normal gait were tested. A fluoroscopy unit was used to collect images at 200 Hz during stance. Sagittal motion of the talocrural and subtalar joints were analyzed barefoot and within short and tall CAM boots. Results: Barefoot talocrural mean maximum plantar and dorsiflexion were 9.2 ± 5.4 degrees and −7.5 ± 7.4 degrees, respectively; short CAM boot mean maximum plantar and dorsiflexion were 3.2 ± 4.0 degrees and −4.8 ± 10.2 degrees, respectively; and tall CAM boot mean maximum plantar and dorsiflexion were −0.2 ± 3.5 degrees and −2.4 ± 5.1 degrees, respectively. Talocrural mean range of motion (ROM) decreased from barefoot (16.7 ± 5.1 degrees) to short CAM boot (8.0 ± 4.9 degrees) to tall CAM boot (2.2 ± 2.5 degrees). Subtalar mean maximum plantarflexion angles were 5.3 ± 5.6 degrees for barefoot walking, 4.1 ± 5.9 degrees for short CAM boot walking, and 3.0 ± 4.7 degrees for tall CAM boot walking. Mean minimum subtalar plantarflexion angles were 0.7 ± 3.2 degrees for barefoot walking, 0.7 ± 2.9 degrees for short CAM boot walking, and 0.1 ± 4.8 degrees for tall CAM boot walking. Subtalar mean ROM decreased from barefoot (4.6 ± 3.9 degrees) to short CAM boot (3.4 ± 3.8 degrees) to tall CAM boot (2.9 ± 2.6 degrees). Conclusion: Tall and short CAM boot intervention was shown to limit both talocrural and subtalar motion in the sagittal plane during ambulation. The greatest reductions were seen with the tall CAM boot, which limited talocrural motion by 86.8% and subtalar motion by 37.0% compared to barefoot. Short CAM boot intervention reduced talocrural motion by 52.1% and subtalar motion by 26.1% compared to barefoot. Clinical Relevance: Both short and tall CAM boots reduced talocrural and subtalar motion during gait. The short CAM boot was more convenient to use, whereas the tall CAM boot more effectively reduced motion. In treatments requiring greater immobilization of the talocrural and subtalar joints, the tall CAM boot should be considered.
Frontline Science: Macrophage-derived exosomes promote neutrophil necroptosis following hemorrhagic shock
Authors: Jiao Yang , Li Zhigang , Loughran Patricia A , Fan Erica K , Scott Melanie J , Li Yuehua , Billiar Timothy R , Wilson Mark A , Shi Xueyin , Fan Jie 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Hemorrhagic shock (HS) renders patients susceptible to development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) through mechanisms that are, as yet, unclear. Cell necroptosis, a form of regulated inflammatory cell death, is one of the mechanisms that controls cell release of inflammatory mediators from innate immune cells, such as polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), and critically regulates the progress of inflammation. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of alveolar macrophage (AMϕ) effects on PMN necroptosis following HS. With the use of in vivo and ex vivo HS models, we reveal a novel function of shock-activated AMϕ in promoting PMN necroptosis. We demonstrate that exosomes released from HS-activated AMϕ induce mainly NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) production inside PMNs and subsequent promotion of necroptosis. These findings explore a previously unidentified pathway of AMϕ–PMN cross-talk, which causes enhanced PMN necroptosis and subsequent exaggerated post-HS lung inflammation. The targeting of this PMN death pathway may serve as a new therapeutic strategy for treatment of post-HS SIRS.
Chronic Pain and Associated Factors in India and Nepal: A Pilot Study of the Vanderbilt Global Pain Survey
Authors: Walters Jenna L. , Baxter Kelly , Chapman Hannah , Jackson Tracy , Sethuramachandran Adinarayanan , Couldridge Marcus , Joshi Hem Raj , Kundra Pankaj , Liu Xulei , Nair Divya , Sullivan Bonnie , Shotwell Matthew S. , Jense Ryan J. , Kassebaum Nicholas J. , McQueen K. A. Kelly 
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND:
Evaluation and treatment of chronic pain worldwide are limited by the lack of standardized assessment tools incorporating consistent definitions of pain chronicity and specific queries of known social and psychological risk factors for chronic pain. The Vanderbilt Global Pain Survey (VGPS) was developed as a tool to address these concerns, specifically in the low- and middle-income countries where global burden is highest.

METHODS:
The VGPS was developed using standardized and cross-culturally validated metrics, including the Brief Pain Inventory and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Scale, as well as the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, the Fibromyalgia Survey Questionnaire along with queries about pain attitudes to assess the prevalence of chronic pain and disability along with its psychosocial and emotional associations. The VGPS was piloted in both Nepal and India over a 1-month period in 2014, allowing for evaluation of this tool in 2 distinctly diverse cultures.

RESULTS:
Prevalence of chronic pain in Nepal and India was consistent with published data. The Nepali cohort displayed a pain point prevalence of 48%–50% along with some form of disability present in approximately one third of the past 30 days. Additionally, 11% of Nepalis recorded pain in 2 somatic sites and 39% of those surveyed documented a history of a traumatic event. In the Indian cohort, pain point prevalence was approximately 24% to 41% based on the question phrasing, and any form of disability was present in 6 of the last 30 days. Of the Indians surveyed, 11% reported pain in 2 somatic sites, with only 4% reporting a previous traumatic event. Overall, Nepal had significantly higher chronic pain prevalence, symptom severity, widespread pain, and self-reported previous traumatic events, yet lower reported pain severity.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our findings confirm prevalent chronic pain, while revealing pertinent cultural differences and survey limitations that will inform future assessment strategies. Specific areas for improvement identified in this VGPS pilot study included survey translation methodology, redundancy of embedded metrics and cultural limitations in representative sampling and in detecting the prevalence of mental health illness, catastrophizing behavior, and previous traumatic events. International expert consensus is needed.
The Opiorphin Analog STR-324 Decreases Sensory Hypersensitivity in a Rat Model of Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Van Elstraete Alain , Sitbon Philippe , Hamdi Leila , Juarez-Perez Victor , Mazoit Jean-Xavier , Benhamou Dan , Rougeot Catherine 
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND:
Neuropathic pain represents a therapeutic challenge, and treatments with increased efficacy and tolerability still need to be developed. Opiorphin protects endogenous enkephalins from degradation, potentiating enkephalin-dependent analgesia via the activation of opioid pathways. Enkephalins are natural ligands of opioid receptors, with strong affinity for δ-opioid receptors. Expression of functional δ-opioid receptors increases in sensory neurons after peripheral nerve injury in neuropathic pain models. In a postoperative pain model, opiorphin and its stable analog STR-324 have an analgesic potency comparable to that of morphine, but without adverse opioid-related side effects. Consequently, administration of endogenous opiorphin peptides or STR-324 might be effective in managing peripheral neuropathic pain.

METHODS:
In this study, STR-324 was administered intravenously over the course of 7 days to rats with mononeuropathy induced by L5–L6 spinal nerve root ligation. The rats exhibited mechanical allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia, and spontaneous pain-related behavior throughout the testing period.

RESULTS:
Here, we report that the continuous administration of STR-324 significantly reduced mechanical allodynia and spontaneous pain-related behavior from day 2 to day 7 in animals that received 10 or 50 µg/h of STR-324 as compared to placebo-treated animals (P < .00001 and P < .0011, respectively, for mechanical allodynia; P = .028 and P = .0049, respectively, for spontaneous pain-related behavior). In addition, STR-324 reduced the pain-evoked expression of spinal c-Fos in this model, demonstrating that it acts at least in part through inhibition of endogenous nociceptive pathways.

CONCLUSIONS:
These observations suggested that STR-324 may be an effective addition to the multimodal approach for treating clinical neuropathic pain.
Statewide Payment and Delivery Reform: Do States Have What It Takes?
Authors: Feder Judy , Weil Alan R. , Berenson Robert , Dolan Rachel , Lallemand Nicole , Hayes Emily 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
States' role in payment as well as coverage will be subject to debate as the administration and the Congress decide how to address the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and otherwise reshape the nation's health policies. Acting as stewards of health care for the entire state population and stimulated by concern about rising costs and federal support under the ACA, the elected and administrative leaders of some states have been using their political influence and authority to improve their state's overall systems of care regardless of who pays the bill. In early 2015 we conducted on-site interviews with key stakeholders in five states to explore their strategies for payment and delivery reform. We found that despite these states' similar goals, differences in their statutory authority and purchasing power, along with their leaders' willingness to use them, significantly influence a state's ability to achieve reform objectives. We caution federal and state policy makers to recognize the reality that state leaders' political desire to exercise stewardship may not be enough to achieve it.
Intra-articular fractures of the distal tibia
Authors: Sitnik Alexandre , Beletsky Aleksander , Schelkun Steven 
Published: August 2017

Results of the treatment of intra-articular fractures of the distal tibia have improved significantly during the last two decades. Recognition of the role of soft tissues has led to the development of a staged treatment strategy. At the first stage, joint-bridging external fixation and fibular fixation are performed. This leads to partial reduction of the distal tibial fracture and allows time for the healing of soft tissues and detailed surgical planning. Definitive open reduction and internal fixation of the tibial fracture is performed at a second stage, when the condition of the soft tissues is safe. The preferred surgical approach(es) is chosen based on the fracture morphology as determined from standard radiographic views and computed tomography. Meticulous atraumatic soft-tissue handling and the use of modern fixation techniques for the metaphyseal component such as minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis further facilitate healing. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2017;2:352-361. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.2.150047
Existence for Willmore surfaces of revolution satisfying non-symmetric Dirichlet boundary conditions
Authors: Eichmann Sascha , Grunau Hans-Christoph 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this paper, existence for Willmore surfaces of revolution is shown, which satisfy non-symmetric Dirichlet boundary conditions,
if the infimum of the Willmore energy in the admissible class is strictly below {4\pi}. Under a more restrictive but still
explicit geometric smallness condition we obtain a quite interesting additional geometric information: The profile curve of this solution can be parameterised as a graph over the x-axis. By working below the energy threshold of {4\pi} and reformulating the problem in the Poincaré half plane, compactness of a minimising sequence is guaranteed, of which the limit is indeed smooth. The last step consists of two main ingredients: We analyse the Euler–Lagrange equation by an order reduction argument by Langer and Singer and modify, when necessary, our solution with the help of suitable parts of catenoids and circles.
Response time of indirectly accessed gas exchange depends on measurement method
Authors: Rafl Jakub , Kulhanek Filip , Kudrna Petr , Ort Vaclav , Roubik Karel 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Noninvasive techniques are routinely used for assessment of tissue effects of lung ventilation. However, comprehensive studies of the response time of the methods are scarce. The aim of this study was to compare the response time of noninvasive methods for monitoring of gas exchange to sudden changes in the composition of the inspired gas. A prospective experimental study with 16 healthy volunteers was conducted. A ventilation circuit was designed that enabled a fast change in the composition of the inspiratory gas mixture while allowing spontaneous breathing. The volunteers inhaled a hypoxic mixture, then a hypercapnic mixture, a hyperoxic mixture and finally a 0.3% CO mixture. The parameters with the fastest response to the sudden change of O2 in inhaled gas were peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2) and regional tissue oxygenation (rSO2). Transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure (tcpO2) had almost the same time of reaction, but its time of relaxation was 2–3 times longer. End-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) response time to change of CO2 concentration in inhaled gas was less than half in comparison with transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure (tcpCO2). All the examined parameters and devices reacted adequately to changes in gas concentration in the inspiratory gas mixture.
Selected Cr(VI) replacement options for aluminum alloys: a literature survey
Authors: Mitton D. Bryce , Carangelo Anna , Acquesta Annalisa , Monetta Tullio , Curioni Michele , Bellucci Francesco 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThere is a significant move away from the use of hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), which is a mature, trusted, and relatively inexpensive treatment that has been used for many years by industry to reduce corrosion. Although Cr(VI) is effective at reducing corrosion, it poses a substantial health hazard. While there is a need to define a process that will be able to replace Cr(VI), the process must be able to provide the same level of corrosion protection currently provided by hexavalent treatments. In addition, it needs to do this without the associated environmental problems. This paper focuses mainly, but not exclusively, on the trivalent chromium pretreatment (TCP) and its commercially available variants. The TCP was developed by the Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) and is used by the US military. The rationale for the focus of this paper is that in the near term, the aeronautics industry needs to move away from Cr(VI) towards a more benign commercially available chemical treatment that can help protect the aluminum alloys used by that industry. TCPs are currently available commercially and have undergone numerous tests by multiple organizations to establish their effectiveness in reducing corrosion of both bare and painted aluminum alloys.
Poly(AN-co-PEGMA)/hBN/NaClO4 composite electrolytes for sodium ion battery
Authors: Hamisu Abubakar , Çelik Sevim Ü. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPolymer electrolytes composed of an acrylonitrile and polyethylene glycol methacrylate copolymer poly(AN-co-PEGMA) with addition of NaClO4 are studied by impedance spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) particles are having increasing interest owing to mechanical properties, thermal stability, chemical stability and good lubrication property. In this study, hBN was used as an inorganic filler. FTIR spectroscopy was used to examine the interactions between the host polymer and both NaClO4 salt and nano hBN particles. The thermal properties of the composites were studied using TGA and DSC tests. TGA results showed that all the composites membranes were thermally stable till 300°C with one step degradation. Surface morphology of the films was examined with SEM which also reveals the homogeneous dispersion of nano hBN in the polymer matrix. Ionic conductivity was studied with impedance spectroscopy, the results showed that the ionic conductivity increases with increasing PEGMA ratio. ANcoPEGMA 11 20Na (EO:Na ratio=20) sample showed maximum ion conductivity of approximately 3.6×10−4 S cm−1 at 100°C. This is because ANcoPEGMA 11 20Na has highest percentage of PEGMA and highest number of Na+ ion per EO groups.
Entrepreneurial Orientation
Authors: Mishra Chandra S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOur theory of competitive advantage, namely the theory of entrepreneurial rent, posits that the firm’s entrepreneurial orientation, their alertness, agility, absorptivity, and proactive adaptability, is a source of competitive advantage. The firm’s entrepreneurial orientation sustained by the entrepreneurial incentives continually updates and enriches the management logics that enhance the execution of the business model mechanism wherein lies the firm’s competitive advantage. The business model mechanism constituting the management logics, core resources, value opportunities, and value activities sustains the firm value creation and appropriation. Superior execution of the business model mechanism sustained by the firm’s entrepreneurial orientation provides a sustainable competitive advantage. The entrepreneurial incentives are at the heart of our theory of competitive advantage. The superior execution of the business model mechanism is sustained by the entrepreneurial incentives, in that the business model execution is enhanced by the management logics that are continually updated with the firm’s entrepreneurial orientation, and the firm’s entrepreneurial orientation is sustained by the entrepreneurial incentives.
From Freudenthal’s spectral theorem to projectable hulls of unital Archimedean lattice-groups, through compactifications of minimal spectra
Authors: Ball Richard N. , Marra Vincenzo , McNeill Daniel , Pedrini Andrea 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We use a landmark result in the theory of Riesz spaces – Freudenthal’s 1936 spectral theorem – to canonically represent any Archimedean lattice-ordered group G with a strong unit as a (non-separating) lattice-group of real-valued continuous functions on an appropriate G-indexed zero-dimensional compactification

w
G

⁢

Z
G

{w_{G}Z_{G}}

of its space

Z
G

{Z_{G}}

of minimal prime ideals.
The two further ingredients needed to establish this representation are the Yosida representation of G on its space

X
G

{X_{G}}

of maximal ideals, and the well-known continuous surjection of

Z
G

{Z_{G}}

onto

X
G

{X_{G}}

.
We then establish our main result by showing that the inclusion-minimal extension of this representation of G that separates the points of

Z
G

{Z_{G}}

– namely, the sublattice subgroup of

C
⁡

(

Z
G

)

{\operatorname{C}(Z_{G})}

generated by the image of G along with all characteristic functions of clopen (closed and open) subsets of

Z
G

{Z_{G}}

which are determined by elements of G – is precisely the classical projectable hull of G.
Our main result thus reveals a fundamental relationship between projectable hulls and minimal spectra, and provides the most direct and explicit construction of projectable hulls to date. Our techniques do require the presence of a strong unit.
Consumer Over-Indebtedness, Credit Contracts and Responsible Lending
Authors: Cerini Diana Valentina 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe paper considers the position of overindebted persons in the national and comparative perspective. A specific focus is dedicated to the interference between credit contracts and responsible lending, with reference to the role of professional creditors (banks and other financial institutions) in setting both the cost of credit and the conditions for repayment. In addition, the experience of the Arbitro Bancario Finanziario – the ADR system in force in Italy – is examined with reference to the topic.
Moisture Transport Mechanism and Drying Kinetic of Fresh Harvested Red Onion Bulbs under Dehumidified Air
Authors: Asiah Nurul , Djaeni Mohamad , Hii Ching Lik 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Drying plays an important role in post-harvest handling of onion for prolonging storage time. This research focuses on the drying studies of red onion bulbs using dehumidified air. The works were carried out by observing the microscopic structure of red onion bulbs layer and followed by developing mass transfer model for moisture diffusion during drying. Moisture diffusivity was estimated from drying experiments conducted at various temperatures (40, 50 and 60 °C) using the unsteady state solutions of Fick’s second law model. The diffusivity values were used to predict the drying kinetics as well as effective drying time for different air relative humidity. Results showed that combination of low relative humidity and low drying temperature significantly improved drying rate and reduced drying time.
Independent-Living Senior Communities in Disaster: Self-Efficacy and Trust in Responding Agencies
Authors: Bonnan-White Jess 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Human security and vulnerability theoretical frameworks are utilized to examine willingness of seniors living in independent living centers (ILCs) in two counties of southern New Jersey (United States) to follow voluntary and mandatory evacuation orders from a number of sources. The sample, mostly White (73.3%) and female (81.8%) indicated the most willingness to follow both categories of orders when delivered by military, law enforcement, and/or fire officials. The least level of willingness was noted with orders delivered by neighbors, church leaders, and media (TV and radio) outlets. No significant difference was found based on county residency, level of preparedness, or previous evacuation experience. Those with previous disaster experience, however, indicated a significantly increased willingness to follow voluntary evacuation orders from military or National Guard, fire department, and the state governor. No significant association was found between willingness to evacuate and self-reported generalized self-efficacy. A human security framework is suggested to be beneficial for analysis given the potential for increased community frustration, anger, or anxiety based on physical, social, and economic vulnerabilities identified for senior communities.
Towards dynamic PET reconstruction under flow conditions: Parameter identification in a PDE model
Authors: Reips Louise , Burger Martin , Engbers Ralf 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to discuss potential advances in PET kinetic models and direct reconstruction of kinetic parameters. As a prominent example we focus on a typical task in perfusion imaging and derive a system of transport-reaction-diffusion equations, which is able to include macroscopic flow properties in addition to the usual exchange between arteries, veins, and tissues.
For this system we propose an inverse problem of estimating all relevant parameters from PET data. We interpret the parameter identification as a nonlinear inverse problem, for which we formulate and analyze variational regularization approaches.
For the numerical solution we employ gradient-based methods and appropriate splitting methods, which are used to investigate some test cases.