bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research with Pregnant Women: New Insights on Legal Decision‐Making
Authors: Mastroianni Anna C. , Henry Leslie Meltzer , Robinson David , Bailey Theodore , Faden Ruth R. , Little Margaret O. , Lyerly Anne Drapkin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractU.S. researchers and scholars often point to two legal factors as significant obstacles to the inclusion of pregnant women in clinical research: the Department of Health and Human Services’ regulatory limitations specific to pregnant women's research participation and the fear of liability for potential harm to children born following a pregnant woman's research participation. This article offers a more nuanced view of the potential legal complexities that can impede research with pregnant women than has previously been reflected in the literature. It reveals new insights into the role of legal professionals throughout the research pathway, from product conception to market, and it highlights a variety of legal factors influencing decision‐making that may slow or halt research involving pregnant women. Our conclusion is that closing the evidence gap created by the underrepresentation and exclusion of pregnant women in research will require targeted attention to the role of legal professionals and the legal factors that influence their decisions.
Flu, Floods, and Fire: Ethical Public Health Preparedness
Authors: Phelan Alexandra L. , Gostin Lawrence O. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractEven as public health ethics was developing as a field, major incidents such as 9/11 and the SARS epidemic propelled discourse around public health emergency preparedness and response. Policy and practice shifted to a multidisciplinary approach, recognizing the broad range of potential threats to public health, including biological, physical, radiological, and chemical threats. This propelled the development of surveillance systems to detect incidents, laboratory capacities to rapidly test for potential threats, and therapeutic and social countermeasures to prepare for and respond to a range of hazards. In bringing public health ethics and emergency preparedness together, Emergency Ethics: Public Health Preparedness and Response adds depth and complexity to both fields. As global threats continue to emerge, the book, edited by Bruce Jennings, John D. Arras, Drue H. Barrett, and Barbara A. Ellis, will offer a vital compass.
Somatostatin depresses the excitability of subicular bursting cells: Roles of inward rectifier K+ channels, KCNQ channels and Epac
Authors: Hu Binqi , Cilz Nicholas I. , Lei Saobo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe hippocampus is a crucial component for cognitive and emotional processing. The subiculum provides much of the output for this structure but the modulation and function of this region is surprisingly under‐studied. The neuromodulator somatostatin (SST) interacts with five subtypes of SST receptors (sst1 to sst5) and each of these SST receptor subtypes is coupled to Gi proteins resulting in inhibition of adenylyl cyclase (AC) and decreased level of intracellular cAMP. SST modulates many physiological functions including cognition, emotion, autonomic responses and locomotion. Whereas SST has been shown to depress neuronal excitability in the subiculum, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms have not yet been determined. Here, we show that SST hyperpolarized two classes of subicular neurons with a calculated EC50 of 0.1 μM. Application of SST (1 μM) induced outward holding currents by primarily activating K+ channels including the G‐protein‐activated inwardly‐rectifying potassium channels (GIRK) and KCNQ (M) channels, although inhibition of cation channels in some cells may also be implicated. SST‐elicited hyperpolarization was mediated by activation of sst2 receptors and required the function of G proteins. The SST‐induced hyperpolarization resulted from decreased activity of AC and reduced levels of cAMP but did not require the activity of either PKA or PKC. Inhibition of Epac2, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor, partially blocked SST‐mediated hyperpolarization of subicular neurons. Furthermore, application of SST resulted in a robust depression of subicular action potential firing and the SST‐induced hyperpolarization was responsible for its inhibitory action on LTP at the CA1‐subicilum synapses. Our results provide a novel cellular and molecular mechanism that may explain the roles of SST in modulation of subicular function and be relevant to SST‐related physiological functions.
Substance‐related psychopathology and aggressiveness in a nightlife holiday resort: Results from a pilot study in a psychiatric inpatient unit in Ibiza
Authors: Martinotti Giovanni , Cinosi Eduardo , Santacroce Rita , Papanti Duccio , Pasquini Anna , Mancini Valerio , Corbo Mariangela , Fiori Federica , Sarchione Fabiola , Marchetti Daniela , Verrocchio Maria Cristina , Di Giannantonio Massimo , Torrens Marta , Schifano Fabrizio , Morlan Coarasa Maria Jose , Merino del Villar Cristina 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to describe a sample of subjects admitted to a psychiatric unit after the intake of psychoactive substances for recreational purposes.MethodsBetween June and September 2015, 49 subjects were included. Sociodemographic characteristics and psychopathological aspects were investigated, and urine samples for further analysis were collected. Three subgroups (cannabinoids, stimulants, and depressors users) were identified, according to the structured interview regarding substance use and urinalysis.ResultsLevel of aggressiveness was found to be significantly higher (p < .05) in the cannabinoids subgroup. Self‐reported symptom severity was comparable among groups, but trends could be identified: SCL‐90 results showed a prevalence of anxiety symptoms among depressors users, hostility or aggression in the tetrahydrocannabinol subgroup, and psychoticism in the stimulants subgroup.ConclusionsThe use of psychoactive substances was be characterised by poly‐use of both traditional and novel substances. The presence of aggressiveness emerged as a main feature associated with the use of cannabis and other cannabinoids. Binge drinking and sleep deprivation also represented a relevant component in almost all the evaluated subjects.
Combining density forecasts using focused scoring rules
Authors: Opschoor Anne , van Dijk Dick , van der Wel Michel 
Published: May 2017

SummaryWe investigate the added value of combining density forecasts focused on a specific region of support. We develop forecast combination schemes that assign weights to individual predictive densities based on the censored likelihood scoring rule and the continuous ranked probability scoring rule (CRPS) and compare these to weighting schemes based on the log score and the equally weighted scheme. We apply this approach in the context of measuring downside risk in equity markets using recently developed volatility models, including HEAVY, realized GARCH and GAS models, applied to daily returns on the S&P 500, DJIA, FTSE and Nikkei indexes from 2000 until 2013. The results show that combined density forecasts based on optimizing the censored likelihood scoring rule significantly outperform pooling based on equal weights, optimizing the CRPS or log scoring rule. In addition, 99% Value‐at‐Risk estimates improve when weights are based on the censored likelihood scoring rule.
Comparison of manual and automatic processing of biological samples for electron microscopy
Authors: Yang Rui , Wang Shuai , Wang Jianli , Luo Xi , Zhao Wenchao , Zhang Qing , Nan Zhangjie , Yang Liu , Wang Shaohui 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe ultrastructure of a sample can be observed by electron microscopy (EM), which has become an indispensable research tool in morphological studies. However, EM sample preparation techniques are complicated and time‐consuming, with a high labor cost. The current study was conducted to compare the conventional manual and automated methods for sample processing and post‐staining for electron microscopy. Automated sample processing reduces OsO4 contamination, improves the efficiency of sample preparation and is easy to use. Therefore, the results of their study provide a practical and feasible method for the preparation of biological samples for electron microscopy.
Wind waves climatology of the Southeast Pacific Ocean
Authors: Aguirre Catalina , Rutllant José A. , Falvey Mark 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTThe climatology of wind waves over the Southeast Pacific is analysed using a 32‐year hindcast from the WaveWatch III model, complemented by satellite‐derived significant wave height (SWH) and buoy measurements for validation. Using partitioned spectral data, a regional climatology of wind sea and swell parameters was constructed. In general, the simulated SWH shows a good agreement with satellite and in situ SWH measurements, although the model appears to have a spatially uniform bias of approximately 0.3 m. The spatial pattern of SWH is clearly influenced by the meridional variation of mean surface wind speed, where the stronger winds over the Southern Ocean play a significant role generating higher waves at higher latitudes. Nevertheless, regional features are observed in the annual variability of SWH, which are associated with the existence of atmospheric coastal low‐level jets off the coast of Peru and central Chile. In particular, the seasonal variation of these synoptic scale jets shows a direct relationship with the annual variability of SWH and with the probability of occurrence of wind sea conditions. Off the coast of Peru at approximately 15°S the coastal low‐level jet is strongest during austral winter, increasing the wind sea SWH. In contrast, off central Chile, there is an important increase of wind sea SWH during summer. The seasonal variation of the wind sea component leads to a contrasting seasonal variation of the total SWH at these locations: off Peru the coastal jet amplifies the annual variability of SWH, while off Central Chile the annual variability of SWH is suppressed by the presence of the coastal jet. Although the general conclusions of this research are considered to be robust, we discuss the limitations of the spectral partitioning method used to distinguish wind sea and swell‐sea states.
Evaluation of satellite rainfall climatology using CMORPH, PERSIANN‐CDR, PERSIANN, TRMM, MSWEP over Iran
Authors: Alijanian Mohammadali , Rakhshandehroo Gholam Reza , Mishra Ashok K. , Dehghani Maryam 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTIn situ rainfall data observed by gauges is the most important data in water resources management. However, these data have some limitations both spatially and temporally. With the advancements in satellite rainfall products, it is now possible to evaluate whether these products can capture the climatology of known rainfall characteristics. In this study, five satellite rainfall estimates (SREs) were evaluated against gauge data based on different rainfall regimes over Iran. The evaluated SREs are Climate Prediction Center Morphing Technique, Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN) and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), PERSIANN Climate Data Record (PERSIANN‐CDR) and the most recently available Multi‐Source Weighted‐Ensemble Precipitation (MSWEP) data. The performance of these five SREs is evaluated with respect to gauge data (total: 958 stations) in eight different climatic zones at daily, monthly, and wet/dry spells during a ten‐year period (2003–2012). Performance of SREs was evaluated using metrics of comparison based on correlation coefficient (CC), root mean square error, and relative error. The study shows that MSWEP has the highest CC (0.72) followed by TRMM (0.46) and PERSIANN‐CDR (0.43) at daily time scale. The performance of SREs varies with respect to climatic regimes, for example, the best correlation was observed in the south, the shore of Persian Gulf with ‘very hot and humid’ climate with CC values of 0.72, 0.70, and 0.82 for MSWEP, TRMM and PERSIANN‐CDR, respectively. Further, the performance of SREs was evaluated using the categorical statistics to capture the rainfall pattern based on different groups (e.g. light, moderate and heavy rainfall events). Results show that MSWEP, PERSIANN‐CDR, and TRMM performed well to distinguish rain from no‐rain condition, whereas for higher rainfall rates, PERSIANN‐CDR outperforms the other SREs.
Improving ENSO prediction in CFSv2 with an analogue‐based correction method
Authors: Liu Ying , Ren Hong‐Li 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTThis study focuses on improving the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) prediction in Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction through the development and application of an analogue‐based correction method. We show that errors in sea surface temperature (SST) forecasts in CFSv2 in the tropical Pacific are strongly correlated with the observed SST anomaly index in the Niño3.4 region at the forecast initiation time, indicating that SST forecast errors in CFSv2 is similar in cases in which the corresponding initial SST states are also similar. Therefore, the analogue‐based correction method is developed, in which SST forecast errors in CFSv2 can be corrected empirically using historical forecast errors, which are calculated by the same model, initiated from states that are analogues of the present initial state. Results show that the corrected SST anomaly forecasts have improved skills, as measured by the temporal correlation coefficient and root‐mean‐square error, compared with uncorrected forecasts. This is true for several different Niño SST indices, at most of lead months, and for most of initiation calendar months. Particular improvement is found for forecasts of the SST anomaly indices that are specially used to depict the two different ENSO flavours/types. With regard to the Niño3.4 index, the analogue‐based correction method also predicted the 2014/2016 El Niño event relatively successfully. The results indicate that the analogue‐based correction method provides an effective means of empirically improving ENSO prediction in CFSv2.
Comparative study of five current reanalyses in characterizing total cloud fraction and top‐of‐the‐atmosphere cloud radiative effects over the Asian monsoon region
Authors: Li Jiandong , Mao Jiangyu , Wang Fang 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTThis study evaluates total cloud fraction (TCF) and top‐of‐the‐atmosphere cloud radiative effects (CREs) in five widely used reanalyses (CFSR, ERA‐Interim, JRA55, MERRA2, and NCEP1) using satellite‐based observations for the period 2001–2014, with the emphasis on the Asian monsoon region (AMR) including East Asia (EA) and South Asia (SA). The results indicate that despite certain biases, most reanalyses (especially CFSR and ERA‐Interim) broadly capture global spatial patterns of TCF and CREs, with pattern correlations with the observations being greater than 0.7, and also generally reproduce the pronounced contrast of the winter and summer means over EA and SA. In contrast, biases and differences in TCF and CREs in reanalyses are significantly larger over the AMR, particularly in summer. Over EA, the reanalyses underestimate annual and winter mean TCF, shortwave CRE (SWCRE), and net CRE (NCRE), with negative biases of 0–40%. Over SA, the reanalyses broadly reproduce the observed annual cycles of each CRE component, but most of them have considerable biases in magnitude, with an overestimation of NCRE by up to 90%, and an unrealistic ratio of longwave (LWCRE) to SWCRE. Such an unrealistic relationship between LWCRE and SWCRE in some reanalyses may produce an unrealistic annual mean state, annual cycle, and inter‐annual variation of NCRE over SA. Comparatively, ERA‐Interim and JRA55 give better performance in the annual cycle and inter‐annual variations of CREs over EA. The inter‐annual biases of TCF and NCRE in CFSR are substantially larger over SA while its TCF reproducibility over EA is the best of the reanalyses. The examination of TCF in MERRA2 with the satellite simulator shows that larger TCF biases occur over the AMR region relative to original satellite and MERRA2 products. It requires more quantitative comparison among reanalyzed and satellite‐retrieved cloud properties to identify and improve cloud parameterization.
Recurrence patterns of retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma and impact of salvage surgery
Authors: Ikoma Naruhiko , Torres Keila E. , Lin Heather Y. , Ravi Vinod , Roland Christina L. , Mann Gary N. , Hunt Kelly K. , Cormier Janice N. , Feig Barry W. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundOptimal treatment strategies for retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma (RPLMS), particularly recurrent disease, are unknown.MethodsWe searched the tumor registry at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) to identify patients with RPLMS treated between 1994 and 2013.ResultsWe identified 172 patients with a diagnosis of a RPLMS. Among the 85 patients who underwent complete resection included in the survival analysis, the median overall survival (OS) was 8.3 years (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.7‐12.3), 5‐year local recurrence rate was 21%, and 5‐year distant metastasis rate was 47%. Among 114 patients who experienced recurrence, patients who underwent salvage surgery for recurrent disease had longer OS after recurrence than patients who did not undergo salvage surgery (median survival after recurrence 5.6 vs 3.3 years, 3‐year OS rates after recurrence 72.6% vs 58.1%, HR 0.402 [95%CI, 0.243‐0.666]; P = 0.0004). Whether salvage surgery was performed for local or distant recurrence was not associated with OS. Patients who had a longer disease‐free interval (≥12 months) had better progression‐free survival after salvage surgery than those who had a shorter interval (HR, 0.437 [95%CI, 0.244‐0.783]; P = 0.0055).ConclusionsWe recommend that salvage surgery be considered for selected patients with local or distant recurrence of RP LMS.
Recruitment of benthic invertebrates in high Arctic fjords: Relation to temperature, depth, and season
Authors: Meyer Kirstin S. , Sweetman Andrew K. , Kuklinski Piotr , Leopold Peter , Vogedes Daniel , Berge Jørgen , Griffiths Colin , Young Craig M. , Renaud Paul E. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn the high Arctic, recruitment of hard‐bottom benthic organisms has been studied at single locations, but little is known about how it varies spatially or temporally, or how it is influenced by abiotic factors. In this study, settlement plates were simultaneously deployed at five locations in three Svalbard (Norway) fjords at depths ranging from 7 m to 215 m. Recruitment was significantly different among fjords and among locations within a fjord. Recruits at each site co‐occurred randomly even though interspecific overgrowth was observed. This finding provides further evidence that there is not necessarily a relationship between non‐random co‐occurrence and interspecific competition, such as is traditionally assumed for other isolated, island‐like habitats. We found significantly lower recruitment in an Arctic‐influenced fjord than in more Atlantic‐influenced fjords. The abundance and richness of recruits was significantly lower in fall‐winter than in spring‐summer, but the spirorbid Circeis armoricana recruited in high abundance in fall‐winter. Both the abundance and taxonomic richness of recruits declined exponentially with depth, with the hydroid Stegopoma plicatile dominating at 215 m in an Atlantic‐influenced fjord. The most abundant recruiting taxa (C. armoricana, Semibalanus balanoides, Harmeria scutulata, Celleporella hyalina) can be described as pioneer (early‐succession) species. Crustose coralline algae, a slow‐growing superior competitor, also recruited at one location. Recruitment in Svalbard is highly variable, both spatially and temporally, and our results show the influence of local factors such as adult species composition.
Thermo‐Responsive Brush Copolymers by “Grafting Through” Strategy Implemented on the Surface of the Macromonomer Micelles and Their High Emulsifying Performance
Authors: Li Heng , Liu Pin , Yuan Jun , Si Jiaqing , Liu Yijiang , Li Huaming , Gao Yong 
Published: May 2017

In the present study, the synthesis of water‐soluble thermo‐responsive brush copolymers via “graft through” strategy that is conducted on the surfaces of macromonomer micelles and their application as emulsifiers for thermo‐responsive emulsions are reported. Water‐soluble poly(N,N‐dimethylacrylmide)‐block‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylmide) (PDMA‐b‐PNIPAM) diblock copolymers carrying a hydrophobic polymerizable vinyl group at the end of the PDMA block are synthesized by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and click functionalization. Increasing the temperature to above the low critical solution temperature of the PNIPAM block, the macromonomers self‐assemble to core–shell structure micelles with the polymerizable vinyl terminals on the surface of the micelles. Instead of being directly and freely exposed in the bulk water as the hydrophilic group, the hydrophobic vinyl terminals are protected by the partially looped PDMA segments. PMA‐g‐(PDMA‐b‐PNIPAM) brush copolymers with a high molecular weight and a narrow distribution are obtained by radical polymerization of the macromonomers using the potassium peroxydisulfate as initiator. The radical polymerization only proceeds within the single micelle, and intermicellar propagation and/or termination reactions are totally excluded. These brush copolymers feature the thermo‐responsive conformation transition property and high emulsifying performances for the formation of thermo‐responsive emulsion.
image
A novel dual‐band RF energy harvesting circuit with power management unit for low power applications
Authors: Jeong Junhyung , Jeong Yongchae 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this letter, a novel dual‐band RF energy harvesting circuit (EHC) with power management unit (PMU) for low power applications is proposed, that can operate BQ25504 PMU of Texas Instruments for low input power applications. The proposed RF EHC has been investigated by mathematical analysis and optimization of variable conditions, such as the number of stages and load resistance for the low input power operation. Additionally, BQ25504 is used to boost the output voltage of RF EHC and battery charging. To verify the analysis, a novel dual‐band RF EHC is designed and fabricated at 0.88 and 2.44 GHz. The measurement results show RF‐DC conversion efficiency and output voltage of only dual‐band RF EHC of 15% and 285 mV at −20 dBm/tone, respectively. Finally, the dual‐band RF EHC connected BQ25504 achieves 3.2 V output voltage and 11% efficiency at −13 dBm/tone.
A compact frequency‐reconfigurable fractal UWB antenna using reconfigurable ground plane
Authors: Tripathi Shrivishal , Mohan Akhilesh , Yadav Sandeep 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this article, a compact frequency reconfigurable ultrawideband (UWB) antenna having switchable multiple bands is presented. The reconfigurable multiple bands include UWB band, lower UWB band, middle UWB band, and one dual band having lower and upper UWB bands. Multiple p‐i‐n diodes are used in the slotted ground plane which helps to achieve frequency reconfigurability. The desired compactness and wider operational bandwidth is obtained in the antenna design with the help of Sierpinski fractal geometry. Moreover, it helps in enhancement of the radiation characteristics that assist us to get omnidirectional radiation pattern. It has a compact size of 24.5 mm × 20 mm.