bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Capital in E‐services Adoption
Authors: Rey‐Moreno Manuel , Medina‐Molina Cayetano 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTSeveral studies acknowledge social network use's effect on university students’ learning process and that effect's moderating role in e‐learning platform adoption. In line with Social Capital Theory, this study analyzes the differences in e‐learning platform adoption between users of a generic social network, linked to bridging social capital, and users of a study‐specific network, connected to the development of bonding social capital. The results show that a studies‐linked social network has a more significant moderating effect on the relation between some antecedents of intention to use and effective use of e‐learning platforms. Thus, this study advocates for the development and use of studies‐linked social networks as a factor favoring the adoption of e‐learning platforms.
Toward a Taxonomy of Virtual Communities from a Value Cocreation Perspective
Authors: Rodríguez‐López Nuria , Diz‐Comesaña M. Eva 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThe enormous growth that social networks have experienced in recent years has caused firms to begin to view social networks as enabling environments for supplier–customer interactions. It has been argued that company behavior influences customer participation; however, this notion has rarely been investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this research is twofold as follows: to determine if there are differences among virtual communities regarding customer participation and define the main factors that can cause differences in cocreated value. We used the perspective of grounded theory to analyze seven communities on Facebook that focus on a single product. Our results confirmed the existence of four types of communities. Additionally, community structures and goals were highlighted as the key factors that differentiate communities and affect customer interactions.
Step Transfer‐Addition and Radical‐Termination (START) Polymerization of α,ω‐Unconjugated Dienes under Irradiation of Blue LED Light
Authors: Xu Tianchi , Yin Hongnan , Li Xiaohong , Zhang Lifen , Cheng Zhenping , Zhu Xiulin 
Published: November 2016

A new polymerization method, termed as step transfer‐addition and radical‐termination, is developed for the step‐growth radical polymerization of α,ω‐unconjugated dienes under irradiation of visible light at room temperature (25 °C) for the first time. α,ω‐Diiodoperfluoroalkane monomers (signified as A) are added onto α,ω‐unconjugated dienes (signified as B) alternatively and efficiently with the generation of perfluorocarbon‐containing alternating copolymers (AB)n. Based on the combined analyses of polymerization kinetics and NMR spectra (1H and 19F), the mechanism of the novel polymerization method, including the side reaction, is proposed. This novel polymerization method provides a new strategy not only for the step‐growth radical polymerization of α,ω‐unconjugated dienes but also for the construction of high molecular weight perfluorocarbon‐containing alternating copolymers.
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Profile of cognitive impairment and underlying pathology in multiple system atrophy
Authors: Koga Shunsuke , Parks Adam , Uitti Ryan J. , van Gerpen Jay A. , Cheshire William P. , Wszolek Zbigniew K. , Dickson Dennis W. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe objectives of this study were to elucidate any potential association between α‐synuclein pathology and cognitive impairment and to determine the profile of cognitive impairment in multiple system atrophy (MSA) patients. To do this, we analyzed the clinical and pathologic features in autopsy‐confirmed MSA patients.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed medical records, including neuropsychological test data, in 102 patients with autopsy‐confirmed MSA in the Mayo Clinic brain bank. The burden of glial cytoplasmic inclusions and neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions were semiquantitatively scored in the limbic regions and middle frontal gyrus. We also assessed concurrent pathologies potentially causing dementia including Alzheimer's disease, hippocampal sclerosis, and cerebrovascular pathology.ResultsOf 102 patients, 33 (32%) were documented to have cognitive impairment. Those that received objective testing, deficits primarily in processing speed and attention/executive functions were identified, which suggests a frontal‐subcortical pattern of dysfunction. Of these 33 patients with cognitive impairment, 8 patients had concurrent pathologies of dementia. MSA patients with cognitive impairment had a greater burden of neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions in the dentate gyrus than patients without cognitive impairment, both including and excluding patients with concurrent pathologies of dementia.ConclusionsThe cognitive deficits observed in this study were more evident on neuropsychological assessment than with cognitive screens. Based on these findings, we recommend that clinicians consider more in‐depth neuropsychological assessments if patients with MSA present with cognitive complaints. Although we did not identify the correlation between cognitive deficits and responsible neuroanatomical regions, a greater burden of neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions in the limbic regions was associated with cognitive impairment in MSA. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Nanotechnology in Glycomics: Applications in Diagnostics, Therapy, Imaging, and Separation Processes
Authors: Dosekova Erika , Filip Jaroslav , Bertok Tomas , Both Peter , Kasak Peter , Tkac Jan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis review comprehensively covers the most recent achievements (from 2013) in the successful integration of nanomaterials in the field of glycomics. The first part of the paper addresses the beneficial properties of nanomaterials for the construction of biosensors, bioanalytical devices, and protocols for the detection of various analytes, including viruses and whole cells, together with their key characteristics. The second part of the review focuses on the application of nanomaterials integrated with glycans for various biomedical applications, that is, vaccines against viral and bacterial infections and cancer cells, as therapeutic agents, for in vivo imaging and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, and for selective drug delivery. The final part of the review describes various ways in which glycan enrichment can be effectively done using nanomaterials, molecularly imprinted polymers with polymer thickness controlled at the nanoscale, with a subsequent analysis of glycans by mass spectrometry. A short section describing an active glycoprofiling by microengines (microrockets) is covered as well.
hg19K: addressing a significant lacuna in hg19‐based variant calling
Authors: Karthikeyan Savita , Bawa Pushpinder S. , Srinivasan Subhashini 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe hg19 assembly of the human genome is the most heavily annotated and most commonly used reference to make variant calls for individual genomes. Based on the phase 3 report of the 1000 genomes project (1000G), it is now well known that many positions in the hg19 genome represent minor alleles. Since commonly used variant call methods are developed under the assumption that hg19 reference harbors major alleles at all the ~3 billion positions, these methods mask the calls whenever an individual is homozygous to the minor allele at the respective positions. Hence, it is important to address the extent and impact of these minor alleles in hg19 from the point of view of individual genomes.MethodWe have created a reference genome, hg19K, in which all the positions in hg19 reference harboring minor allele were replaced by those from the phase 3 report of the 1000 genomes project. The genomes of five individuals, downloaded from the public repository, were analyzed using both hg19 and hg19K and compared.ResultsOut of the 81 million SNPs in phase 3 report from the 1000 genomes project, 1.9 million positions were found to be major alleles compared to hg19 with many having an allele frequency of >0.9. We observed that ~30% of the SNVs found in individual genomes are confined to the 1.9 million positions. Also, there are ~8% unique SNVs predicted using hg19K‐based approach, which are also confined to the 1.9 million positions.ConclusionWe report that the presence of minor alleles in hg19 alone results in ~8% false negatives and ~30% false positives during variant calls. Also, among the variant calls unique to hg19K‐based methods, which are missed in individuals homozygous to the minor alleles in hg19‐based prediction, some are deleterious missense mutations at sites conserved across diverse species.
Proteochemometric Modeling of the Interaction Space of Carbonic Anhydrase and its Inhibitors: An Assessment of Structure‐based and Sequence‐based Descriptors
Authors: Rasti Behnam , Namazi Mohsen , Karimi‐Jafari M. H. , Ghasemi Jahan B. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDue to its physiological and clinical roles, carbonic anhydrase (CA) is one of the most interesting case studies. There are different classes of CAinhibitors including sulfonamides, polyamines, coumarins and dithiocarbamates (DTCs). However, many of them hardly act as a selective inhibitor against a specific isoform. Therefore, finding highly selective inhibitors for different isoforms of CA is still an ongoing project. Proteochemometrics modeling (PCM) is able to model the bioactivity of multiple compounds against different isoforms of a protein. Therefore, it would be extremely applicable when investigating the selectivity of different ligands towards different receptors. Given the facts, we applied PCM to investigate the interaction space and structural properties that lead to the selective inhibition of CA isoforms by some dithiocarbamates. Our models have provided interesting structural information that can be considered to design compounds capable of inhibiting different isoforms of CA in an improved selective manner. Validity and predictivity of the models were confirmed by both internal and external validation methods; while Y‐scrambling approach was applied to assess the robustness of the models. To prove the reliability and the applicability of our findings, we showed how ligands‐receptors selectivity can be affected by removing any of these critical findings from the modeling process.
Sesamol supplementation prevents systemic inflammation‐induced memory impairment and amyloidogenesis via inhibition of nuclear factor kappaB
Authors: Liu Zhigang , Chen Yuwei , Qiao Qinglian , Sun Yali , Liu Qian , Ren Bo , Liu Xuebo 
Published: November 2016

ScopeThe aim of the present study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of sesamol, a phenolic lignan from sesame, on the systemic inflammation‐induced neuroinflammation and amyloidogenesis as well as memory impairment.Methods and resultsC57BL/6J mice were treated with 0.05% sesamol (w/v) in the drinking water for 7 weeks, and then the mice were treated by intraperitoneal injection of LPS (0.25 mg/kg) for 9 days. Sesamol supplementation significantly improved (by 36.9%) LPS‐induced decreased spontaneous alteration in Y‐maze test, as well as significantly restored LPS‐elicited mice cognitive deficits through restoring performances such as escape distance in Morris water maze test. Moreover, sesamol prevented LPS‐induced increases in Aβ1‐42 formation, levels of amyloid precursor protein, and neuronal β‐secretase 1 (BACE1) in the brain. Sesamol reduced LPS‐induced glial over‐activation by inhibiting MAPK and NFκB pathway as well as expressions of inflammatory mediators such as IL‐1β and TNFα. Furthermore, LPS‐induced transcriptional factor NFκB DNA binding activity was also inhibited by sesamol as examined by the electrophoretic mobility shift assay and molecular modeling.ConclusionThese results indicated that sesamol mitigated LPS‐induced amyloidogenesis and memory impairment via inhibiting NFκB signal pathway, suggesting that the compound might be plausible therapeutic intervention for neuroinflammation‐related diseases such as AD.
Chain‐by‐Chain Monte Carlo Simulation: A Novel Hybrid Method for Modeling Polymerization. Part I. Linear Controlled Radical Polymerization Systems
Authors: Demirel Özçam Derya , Teymour Fouad 
Published: November 2016

Kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulation is available for simulating microstructure of polymer chains with as much detail as one seeks at the expense of convergence tests and computational costs. A new hybrid deterministic–probabilistic method is developed as an alternative to kMC that builds chains one‐by‐one or chain‐by‐chain and it is named “Chain‐by‐Chain Monte Carlo” method (CBC‐MC). The CBC‐MC algorithm is tested on the synthesis of styrene/methyl methacrylate linear gradient copolymers via nitroxide‐mediated polymerization and methyl methacrylate/methyl acrylate linear hyperbolic gradient copolymers via atom transfer radical polymerization. Results are compared with kMC and method of moments and confirm that if applicable, full information regarding the microstructure of chains can be obtained using CBC‐MC method with reduced simulation times and smaller sample sizes.
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Understanding the continuum of radionecrosis and vascular disorders in the brain following gamma knife irradiation: An MRI study
Authors: Constanzo Julie , Masson‐Côté Laurence , Tremblay Luc , Fouquet Jérémie P. , Sarret Philippe , Geha Sameh , Whittingstall Kevin , Paquette Benoit , Lepage Martin 
Published: November 2016

PurposeThe radiation dose delivered to brain tumors is limited by the possibility to induce vascular damage and necrosis in surrounding healthy tissue. In the present study, we assessed the ability of MRI to monitor the cascade of events occurring in the healthy rat brain after stereotactic radiosurgery, which could be used to optimize the radiation treatment planning.MethodsThe primary somatosensory forelimb area (S1FL) and the primary motor cortex in the right hemisphere of Fischer rats (n = 6) were irradiated with a single dose of Gamma Knife radiation (Leksell Perfexion, Elekta AG, Stockholm, Sweden). Rats were scanned with a small‐animal 7 Tesla MRI scanner before treatment and 16, 21, 54, 82, and 110 days following irradiation. At every imaging session, T2‐weighted (T2w), Gd‐DTPA dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI), and
‐weighted (
w) images were acquired to measure changes in fluid content, blood vessel permeability, and structure, respectively. At days 10, 110, and 140, histopathology was performed on brain sections. Locomotion and spatial memory ability were assessed longitudinally by behavioral tests.ResultsNo vascular changes were initially observed. After 54 days, a small necrotic volume in the white matter below the S1FL, surrounded by an area presenting significant vascular permeability, was revealed. Between 54 and 110 days, the necrotic volume increased and was accompanied by the formation of a ring‐like region, where a mixture of necrosis and permeable blood vessels were observed, as confirmed by histology. Behavioral changes were only observed after day 82.ConclusionTogether, DCE‐MRI and
w images supported by histology provided a coherent picture of the phenomena involved in the formation of new, leaky blood vessels, which was followed by the detection of radionecrosis in a preclinical model of brain irradiation. Magn Reson Med 78:1420–1431, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Unusual presentation Of Sjögren‐associated neuropathy with plasma cell‐rich infiltrate
Authors: Naddaf Elie , Berini Sarah E. , B. Dyck P. James , Laughlin Ruple S. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionSjögren syndrome is thought to be a lymphocyte‐driven process. Peripheral nervous system involvement occurs in about 20%–25% of patients. A sensory‐predominant, large‐fiber peripheral neuropathy is most common, and it is usually associated with a subacute to chronic presentation.MethodsWe report a rare case of an acute Sjögren‐associated, sensory predominant, length‐dependent peripheral neuropathy mimicking Guillain–Barré syndrome. The patient presented with sensory ataxia preceded by fever and polyarthralgia. She gave a history of years of dry eyes and dry mouth.ResultsShe had a positive Shirmer test, abnormal salivary gland scan, and positive SS‐A and SS‐B antibodies. A sural nerve biopsy showed an unusual, dense, non‐IgG4, polyclonal, plasma‐cell perivascular infiltrate. The patient responded to treatment with weekly pulse intravenous methylprednisolone.ConclusionsSjögren syndrome can present with acute‐onset, sensory predominant peripheral neuropathy. The role of plasma cells in Sjögren syndrome is unexplored and deserves further study. Muscle Nerve 55: 605–608, 2017
Peripheral nerve ultrasound in cerebellar ataxia neuropathy vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS)
Authors: Pelosi Luciana , Leadbetter Ruth , Mulroy Eoin , Chancellor Andrew M. , Mossman Stuart , Roxburgh Richard 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionWe report preliminary findings of nerve ultrasound in patients with cerebellar ataxia neuropathy vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS) who have sensory impairment due to dorsal root ganglionopathy.MethodsThe ultrasound cross‐sectional area (CSA) of median and ulnar nerves of 7 CANVAS patients was compared with 7 age‐ and gender‐matched controls and with the mean CSA of our reference population.ResultsThe nerve CSA of CANVAS patients was significantly smaller than that of controls at all sites (P < 0.01). All but 1 individual measurement of CSA at the mid‐forearm level in the CANVAS patients fell outside the normal control range and was >2 standard deviations below the reference mean.ConclusionsThe small nerves in CANVAS probably reflect nerve thinning from axonal loss secondary to ganglion cell loss. Our data show a role for ultrasound in the diagnosis of CANVAS ganglionopathy. This may also be applicable to ganglionopathy from other causes. Muscle Nerve 56: 160–162, 2017.
Aggregation‐induced changes in the chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) signals of proteins
Authors: Goerke Steffen , Milde Katharina S. , Bukowiecki Raul , Kunz Patrick , Klika Karel D. , Wiglenda Thomas , Mogk Axel , Wanker Erich E. , Bukau Bernd , Ladd Mark E. , Bachert Peter , Zaiss Moritz 
Published: November 2016

AbstractChemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) is an MRI technique that allows mapping of biomolecules (small metabolites, proteins) with nearly the sensitivity of conventional water proton MRI. In living organisms, several tissue‐specific CEST effects have been observed and successfully applied to diagnostic imaging. In these studies, particularly the signals of proteins showed a distinct correlation with pathological changes. However, as CEST effects depend on various properties that determine and affect the chemical exchange processes, the origins of the observed signal changes remain to be understood. In this study, protein aggregation was identified as an additional process that is encoded in the CEST signals of proteins. Investigation of distinct proteins that are involved in pathological disorders, namely amyloid beta and huntingtin, revealed a significant decrease of all protein CEST signals upon controlled aggregation. This finding is of particular interest with regard to diagnostic imaging of patients with neurodegenerative diseases that involve amyloidogenesis, such as Alzheimer's or Huntington's disease. To investigate whether the observed CEST signal decrease also occurs in heterogeneous mixtures of aggregated cellular proteins, and thus prospectively in tissue, heat‐shocked yeast cell lysates were employed. Additionally, investigation of different cell compartments verified the assignment of the protein CEST signals to the soluble part of the proteome. The results of in vitro experiments demonstrate that aggregation affects the CEST signals of proteins. This observation can enable hypotheses for CEST imaging as a non‐invasive diagnostic tool for monitoring pathological alterations of the proteome in vivo.
The Caregiver Contribution to Heart Failure Self‐Care (CACHS): Further Psychometric Testing of a Novel Instrument
Authors: Buck Harleah G. , Harkness Karen , Ali Muhammad Usman , Carroll Sandra L. , Kryworuchko Jennifer , McGillion Michael 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCaregivers (CGs) contribute important assistance with heart failure (HF) self‐care, including daily maintenance, symptom monitoring, and management. Until CGs’ contributions to self‐care can be quantified, it is impossible to characterize it, account for its impact on patient outcomes, or perform meaningful cost analyses. The purpose of this study was to conduct psychometric testing and item reduction on the recently developed 34‐item Caregiver Contribution to Heart Failure Self‐care (CACHS) instrument using classical and item response theory methods. Fifty CGs (mean age 63 years ±12.84; 70% female) recruited from a HF clinic completed the CACHS in 2014 and results evaluated using classical test theory and item response theory. Items would be deleted for low (<.05) or high (>.95) endorsement, low (<.3) or high (>.7) corrected item‐total correlations, significant pairwise correlation coefficients, floor or ceiling effects, relatively low latent trait and item information function levels (<1.5 and p > .5), and differential item functioning. After analysis, 14 items were excluded, resulting in a 20‐item instrument (self‐care maintenance eight items; monitoring seven items; and management five items). Most items demonstrated moderate to high discrimination (median 2.13, minimum .77, maximum 5.05), and appropriate item difficulty (−2.7 to 1.4). Internal consistency reliability was excellent (Cronbach α = .94, average inter‐item correlation = .41) with no ceiling effects. The newly developed 20‐item version of the CACHS is supported by rigorous instrument development and represents a novel instrument to measure CGs’ contribution to HF self‐care. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Insulin resistance and its association with catch‐up growth in Chinese children born small for gestational age
Authors: Liu Chunhua , Wu Baiyan , Lin Niyang , Fang Xiaoyi 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveTo assess insulin resistance and β‐cell function from birth to age 4 years and to examine their associations with catch‐up growth (CUG) in Chinese small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) children.MethodsWeight and height were measured yearly from birth to age 4 years, and transformed into age‐ and gender‐adjusted SD scores. Fasting serum insulin and glucose were measured, and fasting insulin resistance and β‐cell function were estimated using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA).ResultsThe mean HOMA‐IR of the SGA group was significantly lower than that of the appropriate‐for‐gestational‐age (AGA) group at ages 2 and 3 years old, and the mean HOMA% of the SGA group was significantly lower than that of the AGA group at age 4 years old. At 4 years of age, HOMA for insulin resistance was positively correlated with the height gain and SD of height gain between 0 and 5 months, and HOMA% was positively correlated with the weight gain and SD of weight gain between 6 and 12 months in SGA children.ConclusionsSGA children with CUG show a greater propensity to develop insulin resistance than AGA children between ages 2 and 4 years old. HOMA parameters are related to CUG in the first year of life.