bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An investigation into the nutritional composition and cost of gluten‐free versus regular food products in the UK
Authors: Fry L. , Madden A. M. , Fallaize R. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe gluten‐free (GF) food market has expanded considerably, although there is limited comparative evidence for the nutritional quality and cost of GF food products. The present study aims to compare the nutrient composition and cost of GF and gluten‐containing (regular) foods across 10 food categories in the UK.MethodsNutritional information and the cost of GF foods available in the UK (n = 679) and comparable regular foods (n = 1045) were systematically collected from manufacturer and supermarket websites. Foods were classified using UK front‐of‐pack labelling for content of fat, saturated fat, sugar and salt and nutrient content, and cost per 100 g were identified and compared between GF and regular foods.ResultsOverall, more GF foods were classified as containing high and medium fat, saturated fat, sugar and salt than regular foods, although this was not universally consistent. More GF bread and flour products contained high fat and sugar, whereas fewer GF crackers contained high fat and sugar compared to regular foods. High salt content was found more frequently in GF than regular products. On average, GF products were 159% more expensive than regular (£0.44/100 g versus £1.14/100 g). GF items were also more likely to be lower in fibre and protein content than regular foods.ConclusionsDifferences exist in the nutritional composition of GF and regular food. GF food is unlikely to offer healthier alternatives to regular foods, except for those who require a GF diet for medically diagnosed conditions, and it is associated with higher costs.
Depressive symptoms account for differences between self‐reported versus polysomnographic assessment of sleep quality in women with myofascial TMD
Authors: Dubrovsky B. , Janal M. N. , Lavigne G. J. , Sirois D. A. , Wigren P. E. , Nemelivsky L. , Krieger A. C. , Raphael K. G. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryPatients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) report poor sleep quality on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). However, polysomnographic (PSG) studies show meagre evidence of sleep disturbance on standard physiological measures. The present aim was to analyse self‐reported sleep quality in TMD as a function of myofascial pain, PSG parameters and depressive symptomatology. PSQI scores from 124 women with myofascial TMD and 46 matched controls were hierarchically regressed onto TMD presence, ratings of pain intensity and pain‐related disability, in‐laboratory PSG variables and depressive symptoms (Symptoms Checklist‐90). Relative to controls, TMD cases had higher PSQI scores, representing poorer subjective sleep and more depressive symptoms (both P < 0·001). Higher PSQI scores were strongly predicted by more depressive symptoms (P < 0·001, R2 = 26%). Of 19 PSG variables, two had modest contributions to higher PSQI scores: longer rapid eye movement latency in TMD cases (P = 0·01, R2 = 3%) and more awakenings in all participants (P = 0·03, R2 = 2%). After accounting for these factors, TMD presence and pain ratings were not significantly related to PSQI scores. These results show that reported poor sleep quality in TMD is better explained by depressive symptoms than by PSG‐assessed sleep disturbances or myofascial pain. As TMD cases lacked typical PSG features of clinical depression, the results suggest a negative cognitive bias in TMD and caution against interpreting self‐report sleep measures as accurate indicators of PSG sleep disturbance. Future investigations should take account of depressive symptomatology when interpreting reports of poor sleep.
Ursodeoxycholic acid: Effects on hepatic unfolded protein response, apoptosis and oxidative stress in morbidly obese patients
Authors: Mueller Michaela , Castro Rui E. , Thorell Anders , Marschall Hanns‐Ulrich , Auer Nicole , Herac Merima , Rodrigues Cecilia M.P. , Trauner Michael 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackground & AimsUrsodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a secondary hydrophilic bile acid (BA) used as therapy for a range of hepatobiliary diseases. Its efficacy in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is still under debate. Here, we aimed to decipher molecular mechanisms of UDCA in regulating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis, apoptosis and oxidative stress in morbidly obese patients.MethodsIn this randomized controlled pharmacodynamic study, liver and serum samples from 40 well‐matched morbidly obese NAFLD‐patients were analysed. Patients received UDCA (20 mg/kg/d) or no treatment 3 weeks before samples were obtained during bariatric surgery.ResultsPatients treated with UDCA displayed higher scoring of steatosis (S), activity (A) and fibrosis (F), the so called SAF‐scoring. UDCA partially disrupted ER homeostasis by inducing the expression of the ER stress markers CHOP and GRP78. However, ERDJ4 and sXBP1 levels were unaffected. Enhanced CHOP expression, a suggested pro‐apoptotic trigger, failed to induce apoptosis via BAK and BAX in the UDCA treated group. Potentially pro‐apoptotic miR‐34a was reduced in the vesicle‐free fraction in serum but not in liver after UDCA treatment. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, 4‐hydroxynonenal and mRNA levels of several oxidative stress indicators remained unchanged after UDCA treatment.ConclusionOur data suggest that UDCA treatment has ambivalent effects in NAFLD patients. While increased SAF‐scores and elevated CHOP levels may be disadvantageous in the UDCA treated cohort, UDCA's cytoprotective properties potentially changed the apoptotic threshold as reflected by absent induction of pro‐apoptotic triggers. UDCA treatment failed to improve the oxidative stress status in NAFLD patients.
Contextualizing language attitudes: An interactional perspective
Authors: Liebscher Grit , Dailey‐O'Cain Jennifer 
Published: August 2017

AbstractLanguage attitudes research has had a history spanning several decades largely influenced by quantitative approaches. More recently, interactional perspectives have added new impetus to the field. This article provides an overview of interactional approaches to language attitudes, which are divided into three main groups: (a) discursive psychology, (b) approaches that draw on conversational analysis and interactional sociolinguistics, and (c) approaches based in the theory of motivated information management. The authors argue that these approaches can instigate new questions and yield new insights into our understanding of language attitudes. In positioning qualitative, largely interactional, approaches with respect to one another (and, briefly, to language attitude study more broadly), this article also re‐evaluates some terminological inconsistencies across the field and touches on areas that ought to be considered in future research addressing language attitudes.
Evaluation of discharge documentation after hospitalization for stroke patients discharged home in Australia: A cross‐sectional, pilot study
Authors: Kable Ashley , Pond Dimity , Baker Amanda , Turner Alyna , Levi Christopher 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this cross‐sectional study, we evaluated the quality of discharge documentation for stroke patients discharged home. Participants were stroke patients discharged from a regional tertiary acute and rehabilitation hospital in Australia from 2014 to 2015. Compliance with expected discharge documentation and its relationship with readmission was measured using an audit instrument for stroke patients (n = 54), and a post‐discharge survey of carers was conducted. There were deficits in the documentation of the mechanism of stroke (70%), functional assessments (58%), pending test results (39%), types of support services required after discharge (35%), and patient/carer meetings with the multi‐disciplinary stroke team (20%). Readmission was associated with lower compliance scores for information provided to patients or their carer. The survey results suggested that carer burden was high for carers of stroke patients discharged home. Documentation of carer/family meetings with the stroke team, functional assessments, medications, and adequate support services needs to be improved. General practitioners and carers need this information, so that they can address the post‐discharge needs of these vulnerable patients.
Survey of factors influencing learner engagement with simulation debriefing among nursing students
Authors: Roh Young Sook , Jang Kie In 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSimulation‐based education has escalated worldwide, yet few studies have rigorously explored predictors of learner engagement with simulation debriefing. The purpose of this cross‐sectional, descriptive survey was to identify factors that determine learner engagement with simulation debriefing among nursing students. A convenience sample of 296 Korean nursing students enrolled in the simulation‐based course completed the survey. A total of five instruments were used: (i) Characteristics of Debriefing; (ii) Debriefing Assessment for Simulation in Healthcare – Student Version; (iii) The Korean version of the Simulation Design Scale; (iv) Communication Skills Scale; and (v) Clinical‐Based Stress Scale. Multiple regression analysis was performed using the variables to investigate the influencing factors. The results indicated that influencing factors of learning engagement with simulation debriefing were simulation design, confidentiality, stress, and number of students. Simulation design was the most important factor. Video‐assisted debriefing was not a significant factor affecting learner engagement. Educators should organize and conduct debriefing activities while considering these factors to effectively induce learner engagement. Further study is needed to identify the effects of debriefing sessions targeting learners' needs and considering situational factors on learning outcomes.
Colonic immune cells in irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bashashati M. , Moossavi S. , Cremon C. , Barbaro M. R. , Moraveji S. , Talmon G. , Rezaei N. , Hughes P. A. , Bian Z. X. , Choi C. H. , Lee O. Y. , Coëffier M. , Chang L. , Ohman L. , Schmulson M. J. , McCallum R. W. , Simren M. , Sharkey K. A. , Barbara G. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackground & AimsIncreases in mucosal immune cells have frequently been observed in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients. However, this finding is not completely consistent between studies, possibly due to a combination of methodological variability, population differences and small sample sizes. We performed a meta‐analysis of case–control studies that compared immune cell counts in colonic biopsies of IBS patients and controls.MethodsPubMed and Embase were searched in February 2017. Results were pooled using standardized mean difference (SMD) and were considered significant when zero was not within the 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity was assessed based on I2 statistics where I2 ≤ 50% and I2 > 50% indicated fixed and random effect models, respectively.Key ResultsTwenty‐two studies on 706 IBS patients and 401 controls were included. Mast cells were increased in the rectosigmoid (SMD: 0.38 [95% CI: 0.06‐0.71]; P = .02) and descending colon (SMD: 1.69 [95% CI: 0.65‐2.73]; P = .001) of IBS patients. Increased mast cells were observed in both constipation (IBS‐C) and diarrhea predominant IBS (IBS‐D). CD3+ T cells were increased in the rectosigmoid (SMD: 0.53 [95% CI: 0.21‐0.85]; P = .001) and the descending colon of the IBS patients (SMD: 0.79, 95% CI [0.28‐1.30]; P = .002). This was possibly in relation to higher CD4+ T cells in IBS (SMD: 0.33 [95% CI: 0.01‐0.65]; P = .04) as there were no differences in CD8+ T cells.Conclusions & InferencesMast cells and CD3+ T cells are increased in colonic biopsies of patients with IBS vs non‐inflamed controls. These changes are segmental and sometimes IBS‐subtype dependent. The diagnostic value of the quantification of colonic mucosal cells in IBS requires further investigation.
The Arabidopsis CPSF30‐L gene plays an essential role in nitrate signaling and regulates the nitrate transceptor gene NRT1.1
Authors: Li Zehui , Wang Rongchen , Gao Yangyang , Wang Chao , Zhao Lufei , Xu Na , Chen Kuo‐En , Qi Shengdong , Zhang Min , Tsay Yi‐Fang , Crawford Nigel M. , Wang Yong 
Published: August 2017

Summary

Plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to adapt to fluctuating environmental nitrogen availability. However, more underlying genes regulating the response to nitrate have yet to be characterized.

We report here the identification of a nitrate regulatory mutant whose mutation mapped to the Cleavage and Polyadenylation Specificity Factor 30 gene (CPSF30‐L). In the mutant, induction of nitrate‐responsive genes was inhibited independent of the ammonium conditions and was restored by expression of the wild‐type 65 kDa encoded by CPSF30‐L.

Molecular and genetic evidence suggests that CPSF30‐L works upstream of NRT1.1 and independently of NLP7 in response to nitrate. Analysis of the 3′‐UTR of NRT1.1 showed that the pattern of polyadenylation sites was altered in the cpsf30 mutant. Transcriptome analysis revealed that four nitrogen‐related clusters were enriched in the differentially expressed genes of the cpsf30 mutant. Nitrate uptake was decreased in the mutant along with reduced expression of the nitrate transporter/sensor gene NRT1.1, while nitrate reduction and amino acid content were enhanced in roots along with increased expression of several nitrate assimilatory genes.

These findings indicate that the 65 kDa protein encoded by CPSF30‐L mediates nitrate signaling in part by regulating NRT1.1 expression, thus adding an important component to the nitrate signaling network.
Triggering a false alarm: wounding mimics prey capture in the carnivorous Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula)
Authors: Pavlovič Andrej , Jakšová Jana , Novák Ondřej 
Published: August 2017

Summary

In the carnivorous plant Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula), the sequence of events after prey capture resembles the well‐known plant defence signalling pathway in response to pathogen or herbivore attack. Here, we used wounding to mimic prey capture to show the similarities and differences between botanical carnivory and plant defence mechanisms.
We monitored movement, electrical signalling, jasmonate accumulation and digestive enzyme secretion in local and distal (systemic) traps in response to prey capture, the mechanical stimulation of trigger hairs and wounding.
The Venus flytrap cannot discriminate between wounding and mechanical trigger hair stimulation. Both induced the same action potentials, rapid trap closure, hermetic trap sealing, the accumulation of jasmonic acid (JA) and its isoleucine conjugate (JA‐Ile), and the secretion of proteases (aspartic and cysteine proteases), phosphatases and type I chitinase. The jasmonate accumulation and enzyme secretion were confined to the local traps, to which the stimulus was applied, which correlates with the propagation of electrical signals and the absence of a systemic response in the Venus flytrap.
In contrast to plant defence mechanisms, the absence of a systemic response in carnivorous plant may represent a resource‐saving strategy. During prey capture, it could be quite expensive to produce digestive enzymes in the traps on the plant without prey.
Does stress influence sleep patterns, food intake, weight gain, abdominal obesity and weight loss interventions and vice versa?
Authors: Geiker N. R. W. , Astrup A. , Hjorth M. F. , Sjödin A. , Pijls L. , Markus C. Rob 
Published: August 2017

SummaryDecades of research have reported only weak associations between the intakes of specific foods or drinks and weight gain and obesity. Randomized controlled dietary intervention trials have only shown very modest effects of changes in nutrient intake and diet composition on body weight in obese subjects. This review summarizes the scientific evidence on the role mental stress (either in or not in association with impaired sleep) may play in poor sleep, enhanced appetite, cravings and decreased motivation for physical activity. All these factors contribute to weight gain and obesity, possibly via decreasing the efficacy of weight loss interventions. We also review evidence for the role that lifestyle and stress management may play in achieving weight loss in stress‐vulnerable individuals with overweight.
Measurement Properties of the Central Sensitization Inventory: A Systematic Review
Authors: Scerbo Thomas , Colasurdo Joseph , Dunn Sally , Unger Jacob , Nijs Jo , Cook Chad 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackground and objectiveCentral sensitization (CS) is a phenomenon associated with several medical diagnoses, including postcancer pain, low back pain, osteoarthritis, whiplash, and fibromyalgia. CS involves an amplification of neural signaling within the central nervous system that results in pain hypersensitivity. The purpose of this systematic review was to gather published studies of a widely used outcome measure (the Central Sensitization Inventory [CSI]), determine the quality of evidence these publications reported, and examine the measurement properties of the CSI.Databases and data treatmentFour databases were searched for publications from 2011 (when the CSI was developed) to July 2017. The Consensus‐Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist was applied to evaluate methodological quality and risk of bias. In instances when COSMIN did not offer a scoring system for measurement properties, qualitative analyses were performed.ResultsFourteen studies met inclusion criteria. Quality of evidence examined with the COSMIN checklist was determined to be good to excellent for all studies for their respective measurement property reports. Interpretability measures were consistent when publications were analyzed qualitatively, and construct validity was strong when examined alongside other validated measures relating to CS.ConclusionsAn assessment of the published measurement studies of the CSI suggest the tool generates reliable and valid data that quantify the severity of several symptoms of CS.
Root characteristic system improves drought tolerance in orchardgrass
Authors: Abtahi Mozhgan , Majidi Mohammad Mahdi , Mirlohi Aghafakhr 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPlant genotypes with higher drought tolerance through improved root characteristics are poorly studied in orchardgrass. In the current research, 30 orchardgrass genotypes were polycrossed and the resulting half‐sib families evaluated under both normal and water stress environments. Under water stress conditions, values for most root traits decreased at 0–30 cm soil depth, while at 30–60 cm depths, the root length (RL), root area (RA), root volume, percentage of root dry weight (RDW) and the ratio of root to shoot were increased. We identified drought‐tolerant genotypes with a high combining ability for root characteristics and a high yield potential. High estimates of heritability as well as genetic variation for root traits indicated that phenotypic selection would be successful in order to achieve genetic progress. Indirect selection to improve dry matter yield was most efficient when selecting for RL and RDW under water stress conditions. Significant associations between a drought tolerance index and RL, RA and root volume confirmed the importance of these traits in conferring drought tolerance of orchardgrass.
Median canaliform dystrophy of Heller after cryotherapy
Authors: Damevska Katerina , Duma Silvija , Pollozhani Nora 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCryotherapy, widely used in the treatment of common warts, can cause long‐term side effects when used in the treatment of warts near the nail bed. Here we present the case of a 11‐year‐old girl who developed canaliform dystrophy and long‐term hypopigmentation following cryotherapy of warts on the proximal nail folds.
Bullous systemic lupus erythematosus in a 6‐year‐old boy
Authors: Li Alvin W. , Weed Jason G. , Stamey Christopher R. , Subtil Antonio , Tomayko Mary M. , Antaya Richard J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBullous systemic lupus erythematosus (BSLE) is a rare subepidermal blistering disorder characterized by an acute vesiculobullous eruption in a subset of individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus. BSLE most commonly affects young women and only rarely affects children. Herein we report a rare case of BSLE in a 6‐year‐old boy.
Recent controversies about MDR and XDR‐TB: Global implementation of the WHO shorter MDR‐TB regimen and bedaquiline for all with MDR‐TB?
Authors: Dheda Keertan , Cox Helen , Esmail Aliasgar , Wasserman Sean , Chang Kwok Chiu , Lange Christoph 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTTuberculosis (TB) is now the biggest infectious disease killer worldwide. Although the estimated incidence of TB has marginally declined over several years, it is out of control in some regions including in Africa. The advent of multidrug‐resistant TB (MDR‐TB) and extensively drug‐resistant TB (XDR‐TB) threatens to further destabilize control in several regions of the world. Drug‐resistant TB constitutes a significant threat because it underpins almost 25% of global TB mortality, is associated with high morbidity, is a threat to healthcare workers and is unsustainably costly to treat. The advent of highly resistant TB with emerging bacillary resistance to newer drugs has raised further concern. Encouragingly, in addition to preventative strategies, several interventions have recently been introduced to curb the drug‐resistant TB epidemic, including newer molecular diagnostic tools, new (bedaquiline and delamanid) and repurposed (linezolid and clofazimine) drugs and shorter and individualized treatment regimens. However, there are several controversies that surround the use of new drugs and regimens, including whether, how and to what extent they should be used, and who specifically should be treated so that outcomes are optimally improved without amplifying the burden of drug resistance, and other potential drawbacks, thus sustaining effectiveness of the new drugs. The equipoise surrounding these controversies is discussed and some recommendations are provided.
Charles V's universal empire in the Compendio of Antonio Doria
Authors: Salonia Matteo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHabsburg intellectuals claimed that Charles V (1500–1558) was chosen by God to coordinate the defence of Christendom against the Ottoman Empire and to take care of the spiritual wellbeing of all Christians by fighting heresy. The Genoese captain Antonio Doria (c.1495–1577) was among the writers describing Charles as a pious and benevolent universal monarch and endorsing his military and political project. In the work entitled ‘Compendio’ (1571), Doria gives an account of the events taking place in the world during Charles's reign. This document is significant not only because Doria (with his more famous cousin Andrea) took part in several of the military episodes here recounted, but also because Genoa had joined the empire without losing its independence. Therefore, Antonio Doria's ‘Compendio’ represents an important source if we want to understand the reception of (and contribution to) sixteenth‐century imperial propaganda in the Italian context. After briefly presenting Doria's career and Genoa's republican culture, this article shows the global perspective of the text and argues that we can find in it an endorsement of Habsburg governance and an attempt to (re)order recent events within a universal, supranational framework. The final section briefly compares the ‘Compendio’ with two contemporary histories.