bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rates of Early Recovery Following Thumb Carpometacarpal Arthroplasty: Comparing Ligament Reconstruction and Tendon Interposition, Abductor Pollicis Longus Suspensionplasty, and Suture Button Suspensionplasty
Authors: Lin Lawrence J. , Sobba Walter , Jacobi Sophia , Paksima Nader , Yang S. Steven 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background Several techniques have been previously described for the treatment of thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) arthritis, including trapeziectomy with ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition (LRTI), abductor pollicis longus suspensionplasty (APLS), or suture button suspensionplasty (SBS). It remains unclear whether a specific method produces faster recovery and more rapid return to function. The purpose of this study was to evaluate early clinical outcomes in patients undergoing thumb CMC arthroplasty stratified by method of treatment.
Methods This study was conducted using a registry of patients undergoing thumb CMC arthroplasty using LRTI, APLS, or SBS. Patients were grouped by technique for comparison. Patient-reported outcomes were measured using Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Upper Extremity, Pain Interference, and Pain Intensity scores and compared across cohorts using analysis of variance. Regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with early clinical outcomes.
Results Note that 150 out of 201 patients met inclusion criteria for this study. Univariate regression demonstrated no difference between technique and achievement of minimal clinically important difference (MCID) by 1 year or ∆PROMIS scores at 1 and 3 months postoperatively. Stepwise multivariate regression analysis also found that technique did not contribute significantly to postoperative outcomes. Increased baseline PROMIS Upper Extremity scores were associated with lower odds of achieving MCID (odds ratio 0.80, p < 0.001). Baseline PROMIS scores were also associated with ∆PROMIS scores at 1 and 3 months postoperatively.
Conclusion Patients undergoing thumb CMC arthroplasty via LRTI, APLS, or SBS can expect to experience similar improvements from baseline in the early postoperative period regardless of technique choice.
The international politics of development for LGBT+ inclusion: how the UK’s Johnson government used crisis as a political opportunity
Authors: Waites Matthew 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article analyses the international queer politics of development by examining UK aid addressing lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans, plus (LGBT+) inclusion in the context of COVID-19 and right-wing government—using this case to propose a multi-dimensional critical framework for understanding when states fund LGBT+ development. The UK’s first LGBT+ themed international development project was Strong in Diversity—Bold on Inclusion, from 2019, planned to work in five African cities. Partner organisations included HIVOS, Coalition of African Lesbians, AMSHeR, Kaleidoscope Trust, Article 19, Synergia, Workplace Pride and three universities. Drawing on the author’s participation, the article analyses changing government policy regarding the project. In the context of Brexit and COVID-19, the ‘co-creation’ phase ended without phase 2 funding. Suggesting a gap between perspectives emphasising homonationalism (or homocapitalism) and inconsistent transnational resourcing for LGBT+ development, the article advocates a multi-dimensional critical framework engaging risk, governmentality, crisis and authoritarian populism.
A special eigenmode to induce bandgap and attenuate low-frequency seismic surface waves
Authors: Liao Yiwen , Bai Yongtao , Zhou Xuhong , Li Xiaohua , Li Xiaolei 
Published: October 2024

Controlling low-frequency surface waves by subwavelength seismic metamaterials has gained wide attention in engineering and science. By comparing the mode deformation distribution of the surface wave bandgap and passband, this study proposes a collectivization eigenmode that could induce a novel low-frequency surface wave bandgap while maintaining extreme subwavelength. We analytically demonstrate the attenuation mechanism of the collectivization eigenmode, which is compared with the traditional surface wave bandgaps, and design a subwavelength seismic metamaterial using regular building materials with a height 0.525 m. Through eigenmode analysis, we confirm the existence of the collectivization eigenmode within the designed seismic metamaterials. Furthermore, we prove that the designed seismic metamaterials generate a low-frequency surface wave bandgap in dispersion curves. Parameter analysis reveals the significant role of resonators in determining the bandgap frequency and width. To verify the surface wave attenuation, we conduct both frequency domain and time domain analyses. Results from the frequency domain shows that there is a significant attenuation at the bandgap frequency, which agrees with the dispersion curves. Finally, we conduct an in situ full-scale experiment and test the dynamic response of the seismic metamaterial to validate the effectiveness of our study. In addition, the designed seismic metamaterials show promise for controlling noise and elastic waves.
Multi-criteria decision making-based optimization of thermal modeling of electric discharge machining
Authors: Arif Umair , Khan Imtiaz Ali , Hasan Faisal 
Published: October 2024

A thermal model was developed based on finite element modeling analysis using the Transient Thermal module of Ansys. The objective of this study was to develop a thermal model for electrical discharge machining to address the discrepancies observed in the model proposed by Ming et al., which failed to accurately estimate Material Removal Rate (MRR) values for discharge powers exceeding 100 mJ. The MRR ratios derived from the model under consideration were observed to be within the range of 3.568–0.639. In comparison, the MRR ratios obtained from the models proposed by Ming et al. and Joshi et al. were found to be within the range of 3.566–1.186 and 40.433–0.652, respectively. Thus, the thermal model presented in this study demonstrates exceptional precision in predicting the MRR and surface roughness (SR) when compared to previously established models. The optimization of the readings was carried out through the application of Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution. The results indicated that an optimized MRR and SR were achieved at a pulse current (I) of 58 amps, pulse on time (Ton) of 420 μs, pulse off time (Toff) of 7.5 μs, and discharge power of 609 mJ.
Development of a method to use standard hospital gamma cameras as triage whole body monitors in UK emergencies
Authors: Simpson Matthew , Scott Julie , Bonney Lara , Clitheroe Rachael , McGowan Daniel R 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper outlines the process to develop a protocol, written by the UK National Health Service, on how to use a gamma camera to triage for internal radioactive contamination. The aim of the paper is to ensure that the underlying reasoning and calculations are valid. While hospital based gamma cameras are able to detect photopeaks, they are often limited to an energy range of 40–540 keV. However, radionuclides with photopeak energies above 540 keV can still be detected as the partial collection of photon energy increases the count rate at lower energies. By combining extensive mathematical modelling with empirical calibration of multiple gamma cameras it is possible to develop a linear correlation between the efficiency of counting point sources and the overall counting efficiency for the camera. Once established, a simple protocol can be used to characterise any gamma camera, using optimal system settings, and hence generate a system efficiency with sufficient accuracy to allow the camera to be used in a triage process to committed effective doses of 2 mSv.
Passivating and low damaging plasma etching of GaN using Cl2 and SiCl4 for recessed gate MOSc-HEMT devices
Authors: Cascales David , Pimenta Barros Patricia , Martinez Eugenie , Ben Abbes Riadh , Salem Bassem 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Plasma etching steps are critical for metal–oxide–semiconductor channel high electron mobility transistors gate fabrication as they can deteriorate electrical performances due to gallium nitride degradation. Adding SiCl4 to a low bias Cl2 plasma in presence of a SiN hard mask environment forms a silicon-based passivation layer that protects GaN from nitrogen depletion (N/Ga = 1) as extracted from X-ray photoelecron spectroscopy measurements. The deposited layer is not removed by subsequent surface treatments that precede the gate dielectric deposition such as O2 plasma and HCl. This nitrogen preservation as well as the passivation’s presence result in a higher flat band voltage (V
FB) due to less positive charge generation at the GaN/dielectric interface. This SiCl4-based etching process could then be used as a 20 nm plasma etching finishing step in order to recover GaN surface after a fast and damaging trench formation process.
Dual planer PCF-SPR sensor based on Au-TiO2 composite nanostructure
Authors: Wu Xuan , Gu Hong , Li Mengqi , Li Xiaotong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A novel dual planer type PCF-SPR sensor based on Au-TiO2 composite nanostructure is proposed for the first time. In this sensor, a novel PCF structure was designed. The structure is composed of air holes of various diameters. A layer of nanogold film was platted on TiO2 nanopillar to form Au-TiO2 composite nanopillar. Then the Au-TiO2 composite nanopillar was embedded into the PCF. The geometrical parameters such as PCF air hole diameters, gold layer thickness, and TiO2 cylinder diameter were optimized, utilizing the finite-element method(FEM), and the performance of the optimized sensor was significantly improved. The maximum sensitivity was 30,000 nm RIU−1 in the refractive index range of 1.37–1.41. Unlike traditional array and planar structures, we have achieved high sensitivity refractive index sensing in PCF by using a single composite nanopillar. Due to its high sensitivity, the proposed PCF-SPR sensor is expected to find applications in biomolecular detection and chemical quantity detection.
Monte Carlo calculations taking into account the DLP theory to study multilayer adsorption of C2H4 and CF4 on graphite
Authors: Bouali I W , Gallouze M , Drir M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Physisorption potentials are useful for deducing the properties of adsorption systems. The adsorption behavior is a consequence of the actual potential that describes the interactions among the adsorption system. Determining the actual isotherm is a test for the correctness of a calculated adsorption potential. The physisorption interactions decrease with the film thickness, d, according to a power law as

−
γ

/

d

3

,

where γ is the Van der Waals coefficient. In the Dzyaloshinskii, Lifshitz, and Pitaevskii (DLP) theory, γ is a function of d where

γ
(
d
)

decreases with d. In the present work, the general theory of Van der Waals forces, given by DLP, is used to derive a more exact treatment of interactions among the physisorbed systems. The Monte Carlo method is used to investigate multilayer films using a lattice gas model adsorption isotherm. Critical temperatures are determined for ethylene (C2H4) and tetrafluoromethane (CF4) on graphite. These systems exhibit comparable behavior. Unlike the findings of mean field theory, our data shows that the critical temperature rises gradually as the layer number increases. On the other hand, the comparison with experimental results and measurements has shown that our calculations are more reliable and provide a better approximation in predicting film thickness. Our isotherms appear to be in better agreement with the experimental ones.
Optimization of FeMn-MOF doped with silver nanoparticles for high-performance supercapattery devices
Authors: Ali Qaisar Mehmood , Malik Rizwan Ahmed , Iqbal M Waqas , Alrobei Hussein 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Supercapacitors are demanded by energy storage devices for both fast charging and discharging performance as well as extended life cycles. The design and manufacture of higher supercapacitor electrodes help a device to function much better. Ag nanoparticles were produced on Fe-MOF and Mn-MOF using the hydrothermal synthesis technique to synthesize unique composite material called FeMn-MOF/Ag (NPs). These refined composites find use in supercapacitors, hydrogen evolution reactions (HER), and electrochemical sensors. Highly conductive silver nanoparticles were added to FeMn-MOF with high rate capability. Apart from their inherent benefits of metal–organic frameworks, the as-made FeMn-MOF/Ag nanoparticles also improved electrical conductivity. When the scan rate was 3 mV s−1, the FeMn-MOF/Ag (NPs) showed a specific capacity (CV) of 1417 C g−1. Similarly, when the applied current density was 2 A g−1, it displayed a specific capacity (GCD) of 2346 C g−1. The FeMn-MOF/Ag (NPs)//AC asymmetric supercapacitor exhibited an energy density of 13 (Wh/kg) and a power density of 1685 (W/kg). For the hydrogen evolution process, the material exhibited an overpotential of 90.22 mV and a Tafel slope of 58.4 mV dec−1. Furthermore, it exhibited exceptional durability in cycling, maintaining 93.3% of its capacitance after undergoing 12,000 cycles. Therefore, these results offer crucial insights into the progress of different electrode materials. The results suggest that FeMn-MOF/Ag nanoparticles possess advantageous characteristics suitable for utilization as electrodes in supercapattery and HER (hydrogen evolution reaction) applications.
Modification of solar energy and photoelectrochemical water splitting properties: using FTO/Er-TiO2/MAPbI3/CuPc/Au as modified photoelectrode
Authors: Mahdipour Motahareh , Esmaeili-Zare Mahdiyeh , Hamadanian Masood 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the past decades, converting solar energy into hydrogen through photoelectrochemical water splitting has been attracted. Here, we designed a new FTO/Er-TiO2/MAPbI3/CuPc/Au photoanode with n-i-p structure for using in solar water splitting. Accourding to obtained PEC results, the FTO/Er-TiO2/MAPbI3/CuPc/Au photoanode has a photocurrent density of ∼9.8 mA cm−2 ( under a visible lamp with intensity of 100 mW cm−2 irradiation) compared to FTO/Er-TiO2/Au and FTO/Er-TiO2/MAPbI3/Au photoanodes with photocurrent density of 0.7 and 6.12 mA cm−2, respectively. This important enhancement is refered to the light absorption feature of Er-TiO2/MAPbI3 and a fast electron and hole transfer process in the Er-TiO2 and CuPc, respectively. The photoelectrochemical action of the photoelectrode is increased using erbium doping due to creation of oxygen vacancies and titanium (III) ions. Furthermore, in this research, we studided the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of FTO/Er-TiO2/MAPbI3/Au and FTO/Er-TiO2/MAPbI3/CuPc/Au solar cells. The results shown that the significant enhancement in photovoltaic properties can be observed by utilizing spin-coated CuPc nanoparticles (as hole transport layer) at least by 1.39% compared to the FTO/Er-TiO2/MAPbI3 perovskite solar cell.
Extracting traveling wave solutions for two nonlinear models of NPDEs in mathematical physics
Authors: Alsubhi Mohammed , Alsharif Faisal 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this work, we apply the Riccati-Bernoulli (RB) sub-ODE approach to provide some vital solitary wave solutions for the nonlinear dispersive modified Benjamin-Bona-Mahony (DMBBM) equation and the Klein-Gordan (KG) equation. The solutions that are provided here are helpful in describing several physical phenomena in inharmonic crystals, cold plasma, compressible fluids and quantum mechanics. The proposed approach is effective and easy, resulting in new generalised solitonic wave profiles. For suitable free parameter values, two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) graphs are depicted to show the shape of the obtained solutions. We also show the effect of the physical parameters on the behaviour of the solutions. Finally, the suggested approach may be extended to different equations appearing in mathematical physics.
Axion star condensation around primordial black holes and microlensing limits
Authors: Yin Ziwen , Visinelli Luca 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe present novel findings concerning the parameter space of axion stars, extended object forming in dense dark matter environments through gravitational condensation. We emphasize their formation within the dense minihalos that potentially surround primordial black holes and in axion miniclusters. Our study investigates the relation between the radius and mass of an axion star in these dense surroundings, revealing distinct morphological characteristics compared to isolated scenarios. We explore the implications of these results when applied to the bound state between a primordial black hole and an axion star and the gravitational microlensing from extended objects, leading to insights on the observational constraints from such “halo” axion stars. We provide a constraint on the fraction of the galactic population of axion stars from their contribution to the microlensing events from the EROS-2 survey, using the numerical resolution of the Schrödinger-Poisson equation.
Time-machines construct in f(ℛ, 𝒜, Aμν
Aμν
) and f(ℛ) modified gravity theories
Authors: Ahmed F. , de Souza J.C.R. , Santos A.F. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper, our objective is to explore a time-machine space-time formulated in general relativity, as introduced by Li (Phys. Rev. D 59, 084016 (1999)), within the context of modified gravity theories. We consider Ricci-inverse gravity of all Classes of models, i.e., (i) Class-I: f(ℛ, 𝒜) = (ℛ + κℛ2 + β 𝒜), (ii) Class-II: f(ℛ, Aμν

Aμν
) = (ℛ + κℛ2 + γ Aμν Aμν
) model, and (iii) Class-III: f(ℛ, 𝒜, Aμν

Aμν
) = (ℛ + κℛ2 + β𝒜 + δ𝒜2 + γ Aμν Aμν
) model, where Aμν
is the anti-curvature tensor, the reciprocal of the Ricci tensor, Rμν
, 𝒜 = gμν Aμν
is its scalar, and β, κ, γ, δ are the coupling constants. Moreover, we consider f(ℛ) modified gravity theory and investigate the same time-machine space-time. In fact, we show that Li time-machine space-time serve as valid solutions both in Ricci-inverse and f(ℛ) modified gravity theories. Thus, both theory allows the formation of closed time-like curves analogue to general relativity, thereby representing a possible time-machine model in these gravity theories theoretically.
Emission of high rovibrational hydrogen molecules under detached plasma conditions by recycling on the tungsten wall
Authors: Saito Seiki , Nakamura Hiroaki , Sawada Keiji , Hoshino Kazuo , Kojima Yuki , Doi Takeshi , Kobayashi Masahiro , Hasuo Masahiro , Homma Yuki , Yamoto Shohei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
It is well known that the rate coefficient of molecular-assisted recombination (MAR) varies by several orders of magnitude depending on the rovibrational states of the hydrogen molecules. A molecular dynamics simulation is performed to estimate the rovibrational states of recycled hydrogen molecules at the divertor in the JA-DEMO reactor under detached plasma conditions. The simulation results reveal that molecules in high rovibrational states are released even with low incident energy, which will be the dominant condition under detached plasma conditions. Molecules generated in this way can strongly affect the formation of the detached plasma via a molecular assisted-process such as MAR.
RCAN1.4 regulates tumor cell engraftment and invasion in a thyroid cancer to lung metastasis-on-a-chip microphysiological system
Authors: Nairon Kylie G , Nigam Akanksha , Khanal Tilak , Rodriguez Marco A , Rajan Neel , Anderson Sydney R , Ringel Matthew D , Skardal Aleksander 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Progressive metastasis is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths. It has been recognized that many cancers are characterized by long periods of stability followed by subsequent progression. Genes termed metastasis progression suppressors (MPS) are functional gatekeepers of this process, and their loss leads to late-stage progression. Previously, we identified regulator of calcineurin 1, isoform 4 (RCAN1.4) as a functional MPS for several cancers, including thyroid cancer, a tumor type prone to metastatic dormancy. RCAN1.4 knockdown increases expression of the cancer-promoting transcription factor NFE2-like bZIP transcription factor (NFE2L3), and through this mechanism increases cancer cell proliferation and invasion in in vitro and in vivo and promotes metastatic potential to lungs in tail vein models. However, the mechanisms by which RCAN 1.4 regulates specific metastatic steps is incompletely characterized. Studies of the metastatic cascade are limited in mouse systems due to high cost and long duration. Here, we have shown the creation of a thyroid-to-lung metastasis-on-a-chip (MOC) model to address these limitations, allowing invasion analysis and quantification on a single cell level. We then deployed the platform to investigate RCAN1.4 knockdown in fluorescently tagged hTh74 and FTC236 thyroid cancer cell lines. Cells were circulated through microfluidic channels, running parallel to lung hydrogel constructs allowing tumor cell-lung tissue interactions. Similar to studies in mouse models, RCAN1.4 knockdown increased NFE2L3 expression, globally increased invasion distance into lung constructs and had cell line and clonally dependent variations on bulk metastatic burden. In line with previous in vivo observations, RCAN1.4 knockdown had a greater impact on hTh74 metastatic propensity than FTC236. In summary, we have developed and validated a novel MOC system evaluate and quantify RCAN1.4-regulated thyroid cancer cell lung adherence and invasion. This system creates opportunities for more detailed and rapid mechanistic studies the metastatic cascade and creates opportunities for translational assay development.
Influence of concentration on thermophoresis of spherical aerosol particles within a Brinkman medium
Authors: Ayman Mai , Saad E I , Faltas M S 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We are examining the thermophoretic movement of a uniform mixture of spherical aerosol particles, all with the same properties, as they are situated within a porous material. These particles can have various thermal conductivity and surface characteristics. This analysis focuses on situations where the Péclet and Reynolds numbers are small. The influence of particle interactions is carefully considered by using a unit cell model, a well-established method known for its accurate predictions in the context of sedimentation for monodisperse suspensions of spherical particles. The porous medium is represented as a Brinkman fluid characterized by a Darcy permeability, which can be determined directly from experimental observations. This medium is considered to be uniform and isotropic, and the solid matrix is in thermal equilibrium with the fluid flowing through the voids of the medium. The Knudsen number is assumed to be low, enabling the description of fluid flow through the porous medium using a continuum model that includes temperature jump, thermal creep, frictional slip, and thermal stress slip at the aerosol particle’s surface. The conservation equations for energy and momentum are individually tackled within each cell. In this model, each cell represents a spherical particle enclosed by a concentric shell of surrounding fluid. The thermophoretic particle migration velocity is determined across different cases. We derive analytical expressions for this average particle velocity, expressing it in terms of the particle volume fraction. It is observed that different cell models yield somewhat varied results for particle velocity. Generally, with a fixed permeability parameter characterizing the porous medium, an increase in the thermal stress slip coefficient tends to decrease the normalized thermophoretic velocity across the different cell models. The results are in good agreement with the available data as documented in the existing literature. Additionally, a parallel examination of aerosol sphere sedimentation is provided.