bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing nitrogen fertilizer usage coupled with organic substitution improves soil quality and boosts tea yield and quality in tea plantations
Authors: Wang Biao , Wang Shang , Li Guangyun , Fu Libo , Chen Hua , Yin Mei , Chen Jianfeng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe utilization of chemical fertilizers is a key measure for maintaining tea yield and quality, but excessive use has negative environmental impacts. The substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer has been promoted to sustain crop yield and soil quality. However, knowledge gaps regarding the effects of organic substitution on soil quality and tea yield in tea plantations still exist.RESULTSA field experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of organic substitution treatments (i.e. 25% partial substitution: biogas slurry + green manure + formula fertilizer, BFG; sheep manure + formula fertilizer, OFF; 100% complete substitution: sheep manure + green manure, OG) on the soil quality, tea yield and quality, and nitrogen utilization efficiency in southwestern China. Results showed that all organic substitution treatments slightly increased soil pH, and significantly increased soil organic matter by 13.22–14.88% compared to conventional fertilization (CF). The BFG treatment was the most effective in enhancing the soil quality index, showing increases of 16.80%, 8.37% and 24.87% higher than the CF, OFF and OG treatments, respectively. Tea yield significantly increased under the BFG, OFF and OG treatments by 11.97%, 13.58% and 5.90% compared to CF, respectively. The BFG treatment increased the amino acid content by 7.78% and decreased the tea polyphenol/amino acid ratio by 6.87%. Additionally, the BFG, OFF and OG treatments greatly increased the nitrogen utilization efficiency of young sprouts by 70.71%, 82.54% and 34.28%, respectively.CONCLUSIONOverall, partial organic substitution could effectively improve soil quality while maintaining tea yield. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
The Impact of Environmental Health Determinants in Surgical Oncology
Authors: Johnson Shaneeta , Corbin Sasha , South Chevar , Cawich Shamir 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTEnvironmental determinants of health refer to external factors in our surroundings that influence health outcomes. It is estimated that healthier environments could prevent almost one‐quarter of the global burden of disease. Additionally, environmental factors, including lifestyle factors, air pollution, chemical exposures, and natural exposures, are responsible for a significant incidence of cancers and premature cancer deaths. Minority populations, low‐income populations, children, and older adults are at increased risk for oncologic risks secondary to environmental factors.
Safety and Efficacy of Salvage Surgery after Treatment With Immune‐Checkpoint Adjuvant Inhibitors for Advanced Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Multicentric Study
Authors: Schiavon Marco , Cannone Giorgio , Bertolaccini Luca , Gallina Filippo Tommaso , Pezzuto Federica , Lorenzoni Giulia , Facciolo Francesco , Spaggiari Lorenzo , Calabrese Fiorella , Rea Federico , Pasello Giulia ,   The Lung Oncology Group
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveIn advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), immune‐checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can achieve significant clinical responses. This raises the question of whether to consider salvage surgery as a curative treatment option. Few case series reported encouraging results in terms of pathological response. However, intraoperative risk and postoperative morbidity have been highlighted. This study aims to assess the safety and feasibility of surgery after ICIs administration and to evaluate its effectiveness on the final pathological examination.MethodsWe retrospectively identified stages III–IVA NSCLC consecutive patients who underwent surgery with radical intent after ICIs at three National Centers (2016–2022). Before treatment, all patients were considered unresectable by a multidisciplinary discussion. After surgery, pathological response was evaluated according to the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) recommendation.ResultsThirty‐one patients were included; pretreatment clinical stage was: IIIA in 4 patients (10%), IIIB in 13 (42%), IIIC in 3 (13%), and IVA in 11 (35%). Median treatment duration was four cycles. Only anatomical resections were performed, with lobectomy that represent the main type of resection (22 patients, 74%). A minimally invasive approach was performed in 10 patients (32%), with a conversion rate of 0%. Postoperative complications were observed in eight patients (25%). Complete pathologic response (CPR) and major pathologic response (MPR) were 48% and 16%, respectively. Two and 3‐years survival were 88%.ConclusionsBased on our experience, salvage surgery of advanced NSCLC treated with ICIs confirm his feasibility and safety in responder patients. Moreover, it is associated with low morbidity, high CPR rate, and satisfying medium‐term survival.
The Effect of Social Presence on User's Participation Willingness Under Tourism Live Streaming
Authors: Shen Yulan , Du Jian , Liu Yutong , Peng Jiayin 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTTourism live streaming, as a powerful online platform connecting destinations and users, has promoted the recovery of tourism in the post‐epidemic era. This study uses the stimulus‐organism‐response (SOR) framework to investigate the connections among social presence, perceived value, and user's participation willingness in tourism activities. Through analyzing 383 responses collected from Douyin users, it is confirmed that social presence and emotional social presence will positively affect users' participation willingness. In addition, perceived functional value and perceived affective value play a partial positive mediating role, and user innovativeness positively moderates the connection between perceived value and users' participation willingness. This study is helpful for anchors and platforms to achieve better tourism live broadcast operation and management and is helpful for the tourism service industry to expand product influence and business performance.
Network Analysis of Women in Otolaryngology and Demographic Trends
Authors: Cheng Tracy Z. , Reddy Pooja D. , Robertson Dawn C. , Magaña Linda C. , Gardiner Lauren A. , Tang Anthony J. , Rahman Amaan Z. , Pollack Ian M. , Garg Meera M. , Wang Vivian L. , Olson Caitlin , McCarty E.B. , Carley Kathleen M. , Stinnett Sandra , Snyderman Carl H. 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveThis study analyzes gender disparities between men and women otolaryngology faculty in the top 20 otolaryngology departments ranked by research output and discusses the implications of these disparities.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study of all articles published by faculty from January 2020 to December 2021 at the top 20 otolaryngology departments as ranked by Doximity's 2022 research output report. Integrated data from Web of Science, faculty directories, and NIH RePORT were used to collect data on faculty. Social network analysis was performed using ORA‐LITE. Student's and Welch's t‐tests and Pearson chi‐squared tests were used to evaluate gender differences in academic metrics.ResultsThe findings revealed significant gender disparities, with men holding higher academic positions (men = 3.16, women = 2.69, p < 0.0001), higher H‐indices (22.4, 13.8, p < 0.0001), more NIH grants (0.15, 0.07, p = 0.0032), and greater total degree centrality (3.98E‐4, 2.4E‐4, p < 0.0001) and betweenness centrality (4.47E‐3, 3.00E‐3, p = 0.0021). Men also had more publications (9.8, 6.8, p < 0.0001) with more distinct co‐authors, both within (4, 3.1, p = 0.0074) and across (38.1, 25.8, p < 0.0001) institutions. Disparities persisted after accounting for career length. Notably, total degree centrality differences between men and women were statistically significant from 1991 to 2017 (p < 0.0001), but not from 2018 to 2022 (p = 0.83).ConclusionsThis study highlights gender inequities in otolaryngology, encouraging mentors to foster new collaborations with female peers. Importantly, it identifies a trend toward narrowing the gender gap within the specialty, particularly over the past 5 years, emphasizing the need to sustain these positive changes for enhanced gender equity.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 135:1039–1045, 2025
Sustainable Lignin Extraction Using a Mild Acidic γ‐Valerolactone Process for the Identification of White and Red Oaks
Authors: Liu Xiujuan , Dichiara Anthony , Wang Mei , Xu Xinwu , Liu Nanqing , Zhou Bingliang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCurrent wood identification struggles to differentiate white and red oak (Quercus alba and Quercus rubra) due to highly similar microstructures, as demonstrated by morphological microscope analysis. The present research explores lignin composition as a potential discriminating factor. Here, a rapid and sustainable method for extracting high‐quality lignin from oak samples using acidic γ‐valerolactone (GVL) under mild conditions is described. As‐extracted lignin is thoroughly characterized using various analytical methods, and results reveal a distinct structural difference between the lignin from the two species. White oak lignin possesses a unique “Hibbert ketone” unit detectable by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), which is absent in red oak lignin. In addition, infrared spectroscopy differentiates the species based on specific carbonyl groups present in their lignin. These findings suggest that identifying the presence of the Hibbert ketone unit in lignin may offer a highly efficient and reliable method for differentiating white and red oak, opening new avenues for wood identification.
A novel high‐isolation dual‐polarized air‐patch antenna based on composite decoupling structure
Authors: Li Fuwang , Cheng Yi‐Feng , Xu Kuiwen , Wang Gaofeng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a novel wideband dual‐polarized air‐patch antenna with enhanced port isolation. The proposed design consists of a suspended metal patch, two feeding slots, and novel composite decoupling structures (CDS). The CDS is composed of two reactive loads (RLs), an additional square slot (ASS), and two neutralizing lines (NLs). The reactive loads and one NL are connected to the feeding slots. The other NL is connected to the ASS. The CDS plays a critical role in achieving wideband high port isolation. The decoupling principles are illustrated by using a circuit model and through rigorous mathematical derivation. Design evolution of the proposed antenna (Ant 1–5) was carefully explained. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed antenna has a −15 dB refection coefficient bandwidth covering the frequency range of 3.32–3.67 GHz. Additionally, it exhibits high port isolation (>35 dB), low cross polarization, high gain, and excellent total efficiency (>85%).
Exact synthesis of couple‐line based wideband four‐way filtering power divider with unequal power division
Authors: Chen Shuyi , Liu Hongmei , Wang Zhongbao , Fang Shaojun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a coupled‐line‐based wideband four‐way filtering power divider (FPD) with unequal power division is presented. It is composed of three groups of coupled lines (CLs), four types of open‐ended stubs, and three kinds of resistors. By setting the CLs in each group with different parameters, unequal power distribution is obtained. Besides, open‐ended stubs with different characteristic impedances are inserted to each output port to generate two extra transmission zeros, at the same time maintaining good impedance matchings. Resistors are inserted to each group of the CLs to improve the isolations. By applying twice parity mode analysis, the exact synthesis of the proposed FPD is first derived. For demonstration, a prototype with power division ratio of 1:1.2:1.5:1.8 is designed and manufactured. Measurement results verified that more than 60% fractional bandwidth (FBW) is obtained under the criterion of 10 dB return loss and 10 dB isolation. Besides, the 3 dB passband FBWs for the four outputs reach 70% with high frequency selectivity and low insertion loss. And more than 15 dB out‐of‐band rejections are achieved for both the lower and upper stopbands.
A dual mode circular waveguide cavity resonator based frequency tunable band pass filter using a single tuning element
Authors: Patnaik Kalyan Mohan , Basavarajappa Gowrish , Mansour Raafat R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this letter, we present a tunable band pass filter (BPF) using a dual‐mode circular waveguide cavity resonator using a single tuning element. For the proof of the concept, a 2nd order tunable BPF has been designed and developed over a tuning range from 4.92 to 6.1 GHz (21.4%). The measured bandwidth is 85 ± 10 MHz over the entire tuning range. The peak insertion loss is within 1.3 dB and return loss is better than 15 dB. The tunable filter is proposed to be used in high Q reconfigurable radio systems.
Using 3D facial information to predict malnutrition and consequent complications
Authors: Wang Xue , Wang Weijia , Chen Moxi , Han Meifen , Rong Zhiqin , Fu Jin , Chong Yuming , Yu Nanze , Long Xiao , Cheng Zhitao , Tang Yong , Chen Wei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundPhase angle (PhA) correlates with body composition and could predict the nutrition status of patients and disease prognosis. We aimed to explore the feasibility of predicting PhA‐diagnosed malnutrition using facial image information based on deep learning (DL).MethodsFrom August 2021 to April 2022, inpatients were enrolled from surgery, gastroenterology, and oncology departments in a tertiary hospital. Subjective global assessment was used as the gold standard of malnutrition diagnosis. The highest Youden index value was selected as the PhA cutoff point. We developed a multimodal DL framework to automatically analyze the three‐dimensional (3D) facial data and accurately determine patients’ PhA categories. The framework was trained and validated using a cross‐validation approach and tested on an independent dataset.ResultsFour hundred eighty‐two patients were included in the final dataset, including 176 with malnourishment. In male patients, the PhA value with the highest Youden index was 5.55°, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 0.68; in female patients, the PhA value with the highest Youden index was 4.88°, and AUC = 0.69. Inpatients with low PhA had higher incidence of infectious complications during the hospital stay (P = 0.003). The DL model trained with 4096 points extracted from 3D facial data had the best performance. The algorithm showed fair performance in predicting PhA, with an AUC of 0.77 and an accuracy of 0.74.ConclusionPredicting the PhA of inpatients from facial images is feasible and can be used for malnutrition assessment and prognostic prediction.
Implementation of standardized feeding pathways for infants with gastroschisis to improve patient outcomes: A quality improvement project in a level IV surgical NICU
Authors: Adler Andrea , Radhakrishnan Kadakkal , Yeaney Natalie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGastroschisis is a leading cause of pediatric intestinal failure. Feeding guidelines may lead to improved patient outcomes including decreased time to reach full feeds, a reduction in the duration of parenteral nutrition, and reduced length of stay. However, there is limited evidence on what the ideal feeding guidelines are for this complex gastrointestinal diagnosis. In this quality improvement project, after completing a literature review, we created three pathways based on the complexity of the gastroschisis. We reviewed historical data without a defined feeding pathway/guideline to our newly created pathways in the intervention group. The study included 35 patients with varying degrees of gastroschisis complexity, consisting of 9 current patients (October 2021–December 2022) who were provided with defined feeding pathways and 26 historical patients before the protocol was implemented (January 2015–August 2021). There were no significant differences in the number of days required for full feeds between the two groups. However, the mean duration of parenteral nutrition was 18.9 days (95% CI, –31.8 to −7.0) shorter in the intervention group. Although not statistically significant, the patients in the intervention group had a mean length of stay that was 13.1 days (95% CI, −50.0 to 25.4) shorter than the historical group. The creation of standardized feeding guidelines for the gastroschisis population resulted in a statistically nonsignificant decrease in time to reach full enteral feeds, a statistically significant reduced duration of parenteral nutrition, and a statistically nonsignifiant decreased length of stay.
Application of Response Surface Methodology for the Optimization of Operating Conditions of a Self‐Pulsing Discharge (SPD) Plasma Reactor for the Degradation of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) in Water
Authors: Ulucan‐Altuntas Kubra , Foglia Simone , Saleem Mubbshir , Tomei Giulia , Ceriani Elisa , Carmagnani Massimo , Marotta Ester , Paradisi Cristina 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThis study explores atmospheric plasma as a novel approach for the degradation of persistent per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in contaminated waters. Using response surface methodology and Box–Behnken design, the performance of the self‐pulsing discharge (SPD) reactor was optimized by adjusting the following independent factors: input power, plasma area‐to‐liquid volume ratio, and argon bubbling time. Optimization was assessed using four specific indicators: kPFOA and G50, for the process velocity and energy efficiency, respectively; kPFOA/kPFHpA and ΣPFAS/C0, both for the presence of PFAS in the treated water for the process products. Under the optimized operating conditions, residual PFAS summed up to only 2.4% of the carbon initially present as PFOA, and a remarkable G50 value of (523 ± 10) mg/kWh was obtained.
Deposition of Thin Films From HMDSO Utilizing the Vacuum UV Radiation From an Atmospheric Plasma
Authors: Winzer Tristan , Benedikt Jan 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThis study presents a source for studying thin‐film deposition utilizing vacuum UV (VUV) radiation from a remote argon or helium atmospheric plasma to initiate photochemistry in the precursor gas. We aim to assess how this radiation affects the deposition process and film structure while avoiding deposition inside the plasma source or particle formation. Deposition occurs where radiation interacts with the precursor and the growing film, as well as further downstream. The measured film properties clearly show that photon interaction with the film has a significant effect. Using hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) as a precursor, we achieved nearly carbon‐free silicon dioxide () film growth due to photodesorption of hydrocarbons from the growing film, as confirmed by infrared spectra and positive ion mass spectrometry.
Beyond 4 × 4: Paramotoring a novel approach to accelerate plant exploration in challenging environments
Authors: Moat Justin , Tovar Carolina , Lewis Gwilym , Orellana‐Garcia Alfonso , Bailetti Miguel , Capcha‐Ramos Jean , Quispe‐Delgado Yannet , Arteaga Mary Carmen , Campbell‐Jones Mike , Júnior Márcio Aita , Gomes Leonardo , Laurido Senderson , Hechenleitner Paulina , Whaley Oliver 
Published: September 2024

Societal Impact StatementAddressing the burning environmental crisis, we explore how the ‘extreme sport’ of paramotoring can enhance and accelerate scientific exploration with minimal environmental impact compared to off‐road vehicles. Our study demonstrates the scientific potential of paramotoring to access fragile desert ecosystems and investigate unrecorded habitats and species. Comparisons with 4 × 4s showed significant reductions in CO2‐eq emissions for longer missions and ninefold faster travel times. Unlike off‐road vehicles, which can damage the equivalent of over one football pitch in area per linear kilometre driven, paramotors cause minimal damage. Integrating extreme sports and science can accelerate data and specimen collection for more effective habitat conservation. This has the potential to spark discoveries and engagement across diverse communities.Summary

In the face of an urgent climate and environmental crisis, we explore the potential of paramotoring to expand scientific reach and collection capability without the environmental harm associated with off‐road vehicles.
In Peru's fog oasis desert, we brought together paramotor experts and scientists to conduct missions involving monitoring, plant sampling, surveying, sensor placement and transportation. We compared the environmental impact and time taken by paramotoring with surveys conducted using off‐road vehicles and walking.
Shorter paramotor missions showed small differences in CO2 equivalents and time efficiency compared to off‐road vehicles. However, longer missions (28 km from base camp) revealed up to nine times faster travel and two thirds less CO2 equivalent emissions. Notably, off‐road vehicles left a substantial environmental footprint (700 to 8000 m2 per km), whilst paramotors had a minimal impact, with a tiny surface ‘footprint’ of just a few square metres, representing orders of magnitude (1000 to 10,000) less environmental impact. With basic training in identification and sampling, paramotorists collected plant specimens that are invaluable for ongoing and future scientific study.
Whilst logistical and safety challenges in transporting scientists via paramotors need further investigation, the benefits, especially compared to surface travel, are evident. Integrating extreme sports into scientific endeavour promises wider and more comprehensive exploration, new discoveries and increased engagement across diverse communities—and in summary—offers significant potential to address urgent environmental challenges.