bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uptake and translocation of nanoplastics in mono and dicot vegetables
Authors: Zytowski Eric , Mollavali Mohanna , Baldermann Susanne 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe excessive production and use of plastics increase the release of micro‐ and nanoplastics (MNPs) into the environment. In recent years, research has focused on the occurrence of MNPs in air, soil and water. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of knowledge regarding MNPs in plants. To determine the load, translocation of MNPs and their effects on metabolism, pak choi, tomato, radish and asparagus have been exposed with fluorescent‐labelled poly(methyl methacrylate) or polystyrene (PS) MNPs. The entry of nanoparticles (NPs) of various sizes (100–500 nm) and surface modifications (unmodified, COOH or NH2) into plants has been demonstrated using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The translocalization from root to shoot and the accumulation of NP in the intercellular spaces were regardless of the surface modification. In addition, metabolomics was used to evaluate metabolic changes induced by MNPs in pak choi. Changes in phenolic compounds, phytohormone derivatives and other classes of compounds known to be triggered by various environmental stresses have been identified. The present study demonstrates the uptake and translocalization of MNPs in edible parts of vegetables and may pose a hazard for humans.
Concurrent Measurement of O2 Production and Isoprene Emission During Photosynthesis: Pros, Cons and Metabolic Implications of Responses to Light, CO2 and Temperature
Authors: Jardine Kolby Jeremiah , Som Suman , Gallo Luiza Beraldi , Demus Jilian , Domingues Tomas Ferreira , Wistrom Christina Marie , Gu Lianhong , Tcherkez Guillaume , Niinemets Ülo 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTTraditional leaf gas exchange experiments have focused on net CO2 exchange (Anet). Here, using California poplar (Populus trichocarpa), we coupled measurements of net oxygen production (NOP), isoprene emissions and δ18O in O2 to traditional CO2/H2O gas exchange with chlorophyll fluorescence, and measured light, CO2 and temperature response curves. This allowed us to obtain a comprehensive picture of the photosynthetic redox budget including electron transport rate (ETR) and estimates of the mean assimilatory quotient (AQ = Anet/NOP). We found that Anet and NOP were linearly correlated across environmental gradients with similar observed AQ values during light (1.25 ± 0.05) and CO2 responses (1.23 ± 0.07). In contrast, AQ was suppressed during leaf temperature responses in the light (0.87 ± 0.28), potentially due to the acceleration of alternative ETR sinks like lipid synthesis. Anet and NOP had an optimum temperature (Topt) of 31°C, while ETR and δ18O in O2 (35°C) and isoprene emissions (39°C) had distinctly higher Topt. The results confirm a tight connection between water oxidation and ETR and support a view of light‐dependent lipid synthesis primarily driven by photosynthetic ATP/NADPH not consumed by the Calvin–Benson cycle, as an important thermotolerance mechanism linked with high rates of (photo)respiration and CO2/O2 recycling.
Temporal Gene Expression Profiles From Pollination to Seed Maturity in Sorghum Provide Core Candidates for Engineering Seed Traits
Authors: Jain Rubi , Dhaka Namrata , Krishnan Kushagra , Yadav Garima , Priyam Prachi , Sharma Manoj Kumar , Sharma Rita A. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTSorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is a highly nutritional multipurpose millet crop. However, the genetic and molecular regulatory mechanisms governing sorghum grain development and the associated agronomic traits remain unexplored. In this study, we performed a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of pistils collected 1–2 days before pollination, and developing seeds collected –2, 10, 20 and 30 days after pollination of S. bicolor variety M35‐1. Out of 31 337 genes expressed in these stages, 12 804 were differentially expressed in the consecutive stages of seed development. These exhibited 10 dominant expression patterns correlated with the distinct pathways and gene functions. Functional analysis, based on the pathway mapping, transcription factor enrichment and orthology, delineated the key patterns associated with pollination, fertilization, early seed development, grain filling and seed maturation. Furthermore, colocalization with previously reported quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for grain weight/size revealed 48 differentially expressed genes mapping to these QTL regions. Comprehensive literature mining integrated with QTL mapping and expression data shortlisted 25, 17 and 8 core candidates for engineering grain size, starch and protein content, respectively.
Balancing barriers and strategies – Nurses’ experiences of conducting lifestyle counseling
Authors: Behm Lina , Brånhage Maja , Jönsson Sofie , Rask Marie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivesOver 70% of the disease burden in Europe is the result of chronic diseases caused by lifestyle. Lifestyle counseling can improve lifestyle habits and thereby health. However, according to research, there are several barriers to healthcare personnel carrying out counseling. The aim of this study was to explore nurses’ experiences of conducting lifestyle counseling.DesignA qualitative descriptive study was conducted in southern Sweden between August 2021 and December 2021.SampleEleven nurses were recruited from both inpatient and outpatient care in northeastern Sweden through a combination of purposive and snowball sampling.MeasurementsIndividual semistructured interviews were performed digitally using an interview guide. The interviews were analyzed via qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe nurses experienced several challenges in performing lifestyle counseling. However, knowledge gaps, sensitive topics, organizational dynamics, and time constraints were balanced using strategies. The theme of their responses can be explained by the following categories: “Collaboration with patients is key,” “From self‐interest to teamwork,” and “The organization can assist or hinder.”ConclusionsLifestyle counseling needs to be prioritized within healthcare. Nurses need tools and knowledge to be able to feel comfortable with the task. All healthcare organizations need to work with lifestyle counseling in a structured way according to national guidelines.
Unravelling soybean responses to early and late Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) infestation
Authors: Ruffatto K. , da Silva L. C. O. , Neves C. d. O. , Kuntzler S. G. , de Lima J. C. , Almeida F. A. , Silveira V. , Corrêa F. M. , Minello L. V. P. , Johann L. , Sperotto R. A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Soybean is a crucial source of food, protein, and oil worldwide that is facing challenges from biotic stresses. Infestation of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) stands out as detrimentally affecting plant growth and grain production. Understanding soybean responses to T. urticae infestation is pivotal for unravelling the dynamics of mite–plant interactions. We evaluated the physiological and molecular responses of soybean plants to mite infestation after 5 and 21 days.
We employed visual/microscopy observations of leaf damage, H2O2 accumulation, and lipid peroxidation. Additionally, the impact of mite infestation on shoot length/dry weight, chlorophyll concentration, and development stages was analysed. Proteomic analysis identified differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) after early (5 days) and late (21 days) infestation. Furthermore, GO, KEGG, and protein–protein interaction analyses were performed to understand effects on metabolic pathways.
Throughout the analysed period, symptoms of leaf damage, H2O2 accumulation, and lipid peroxidation consistently increased. Mite infestation reduced shoot length/dry weight, chlorophyll concentration, and development stage duration. Proteomics revealed 185 and 266 DAPs after early and late mite infestation, respectively, indicating a complex remodelling of metabolic pathways. Photorespiration, chlorophyll synthesis, amino acid metabolism, and Krebs cycle/energy production were impacted after both early and late infestation. Additionally, specific metabolic pathways were modified only after early or late infestation.
This study underscores the detrimental effects of mite infestation on soybean physiology and metabolism. DAPs offer potential in breeding programs for enhanced resistance. Overall, this research highlights the complex nature of soybean response to mite infestation, providing insights for intervention and breeding strategies.
The contributions of the Iranian health‐care system in the crisismanship of COVID‐19: A qualitative study
Authors: Farazmand Ali , Danaeefard Hassan , Ghanbary Vanani Raziyeh 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study aims to comprehend the contributions of Iran's health‐care system (HCS) in the “crisismanship” of the coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic from the perspectives of citizens, policy makers, managers, and public sector employees. The primary question is what have been the contributions of Iran's HCS in the crisismanship of COVID‐19? The study was designed and conducted using a qualitative strategy. It is reported that three core contributions were made: (1) the leadership of “a whole of crisis governance,” (2) the leading “a whole of crisis management,” and (3) conducting “a whole of operational activities during the COVID‐19.” Through this empirical study, we hope to fill a gap by examining the leadership contributions of the Iranian HCS in fighting COVID‐19. The findings of this study can provide researchers and thinkers with insights into policy and strategy making in times of crises such as those surrounding COVID‐19.Related ArticlesKasseeah, Harshana, and Susan Opp. 2023. “Wicked policy problems and COVID‐19 in small island developing states: The cases of Mauritius and Seychelles.” Politics & Policy 51(6): 1008–27. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12565.Onyango, Gedion, and Japheth Otieno Ondiek. 2022. “Open Innovation during the COVID‐19 Pandemic Policy Responses in South Africa and Kenya.” Politics & Policy 50(5): 1008–31. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12490.Vince, Joanna. 2023. “A Creeping Crisis When an Urgent Crisis Arises: The Reprioritization of Plastic Pollution Issues during COVID‐19.” Politics & Policy 51(1): 26–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12512.
Gray Matter Volumes Mediate the Relationship Between Disease Duration and Balance Control Performance in Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Xu Zhen , Xiao Songlin , Shen Bin , Zhang Chuyi , Zhan Jianglong , Li Jun , Li Jingjing , Zhou Junhong , Fu Weijie 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe relationship between structural changes in the cerebral gray matter and diminished balance control performance in patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI) has remained unclear. This paper aimed to assess the difference in gray matter volume (GMV) between participants with CAI and healthy controls (HC) and to characterize the role of GMV in the relationship between disease duration and balance performance in CAI. 42 participants with CAI and 33 HC completed the structural brain MRI scans, one‐legged standing test, and Y‐balance test. Regional GMV was measured by applying voxel‐based morphometry methods. The result showed that, compared with HC, participants with CAI exhibited lower GMV in multiple brain regions (familywise error [FWE] corrected p < 0.021). Within CAI only, but not in HC, lower GMV in the thalamus (β = −0.53, p = 0.003) and hippocampus (β = −0.57, p = 0.001) was associated with faster sway velocity of the center of pressure (CoP) in eyes closed condition (i.e., worse balance control performance). The GMV in the thalamus (percentage mediated [PM] = 32.02%; indirect effect β = 0.119, 95% CI = 0.003 to 0.282) and hippocampus (PM = 33.71%; indirect effect β = 0.122, 95% CI = 0.005 to 0.278) significantly mediated the association between the disease duration and balance performance. These findings suggest that the structural characteristics of the supraspinal elements is critical to the maintenance of balance control performance in individuals suffering from CAI, which deserve careful consideration in the management and rehabilitation programs in this population.
Serial Metamorphic Manipulator Dynamics Formulation Implementing Screw Theory Tools
Authors: Stravopodis N. , Moulianitis V. C. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this work, a framework is proposed for the analytical formulation of dynamic equations for serial metamorphic manipulators using screw theory tools. The integration of structure reconfiguration is achieved in a compact and comprehensive manner. Based on the previously proposed modular structure representation, additional statements are provided to strictly define the metamorphic structure assembly. To validate the precision of the extracted dynamics, two simulations are performed for paths defined in Cartesian space. The generated trajectory is evaluated by comparing the dynamic matrices produced by the proposed method with those from an established dynamic modeling algorithm. Additionally, the trajectory is simulated in an open-source simulator, and the torques extracted from system dynamics are compared with the corresponding simulator torques under the same kinematic constraints.
Immersion and Invariance Adaptive Control Through Polynomial Adaptation
Authors: Zhou Xingyu , Ahn Hyunjin , Shen Heran , Kung Yung-Chi , Wang Junmin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In conventional immersion and invariance (I&I) adaptive control design, control parameter adaptation is typically linear with respect to the parameter error-induced perturbation, resulting in quadratic rate dissipation of energy associated with the off-the-manifold variable. Departing from such a convention, this article contributes a novel strategy—polynomial adaptation. As the name suggests, control parameter adaptation in this approach takes the form of a general polynomial in relation to the perturbation. Accordingly, this new design induces polynomial rate energy dissipation, which is faster than the quadratic one in the conventional scheme, thereby enhancing closed-loop control performance. The theoretical underpinnings of the new approach are demonstrated through the design of an I&I adaptive tracking control law for a general nth-order, single-input–single-output, parametrically uncertain, nonlinear system in the controllable canonical form. In addition, a numerical study of the proposed method on the second-order forced Duffing oscillator shows its improved transient performance in comparison to a baseline controller developed with the standard I&I adaptive control technique.
The Effect of Heterogeneous Natural Gas–Hydrogen Input Into F-Class Gas Turbine Combustor As a Combustion Optimization Method
Authors: Park Jungkeuk , Shin Jugon , Park Seik , Lee Sanghyup , Choi Nakjeong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The global push to combat climate change by transitioning to clean power generation is accelerating. One promising avenue involves using hydrogen in place of natural gas in gas turbine-based power plants. While the development of new hydrogen combustors shows potential, advancements in operational technologies are needed to ensure higher hydrogen cofiring with existing combustion systems. In our study, we propose a novel approach called heterogeneous natural gas–hydrogen input: varying hydrogen content between different nozzle groups in gas turbine combustors. Using a full-scale combustor of an F-class gas turbine model, we experimentally investigated the impact of heterogeneous hydrogen concentrations at the center and outer nozzles on combustion dynamics and emissions, comparing these with homogeneous fuel supply cases of 100% natural gas and natural gas–hydrogen mixtures. While hydrogen cofiring did not change the maximum amplitude of combustion dynamic pressure across the total frequency range, peak amplitudes in the 125–245 Hz domain were linearly proportional to the hydrogen cofiring ratio, with a 41.2% increase at 30% cofiring identified as a possible limiting factor. Our findings revealed a significant correlation between NOx emissions and combustion stability under varying levels of heterogeneity. Higher heterogeneity with intensive hydrogen input into the center nozzle improved cofiring performance, reducing the peak amplitude in the limiting frequency domain by 22% for a 25% cofiring ratio, potentially extending the critical hydrogen cofiring ratio. Implementing heterogeneous natural gas-hydrogen inputs emerges as a promising method to enhance combustion stability and enable effective hydrogen cofiring.
A Large Eddy Simulation Study on Hydrogen Microjets in Hot Vitiated Crossflow
Authors: Broumand Mohsen , Yun Sean , Hong Zekai 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the results of a large eddy simulation (LES) study on hydrogen microjets (dj ∼ 0.5 mm) injected into a hot (1600 K) vitiated crossflow at different angles, namely, normal (90 deg) and inclined jet (30 deg), are presented. The goal is to explore the effects of injection angle on coherent turbulent structure formations, flame–vortex interactions, and wall heat flux contributions. The LES identifies the presence of the horseshoe vortex, the shear layer vortices (SLV), and the counter-rotating vortex pair (CVP), along with the shedding of spanwise-symmetry hairpin vortices in both the normal and inclined jets. The structures in the latter, however, appear more convoluted. In the near field, the SLV-induced flow is found to play a key role in the mixing and flame propagation in the windward side of the jet that is stabilized through the auto-ignition process along the front edge of both the normal and inclined jets close to their exits. The flame-shear layer offset phenomenon is also noticed on the windward side of the jets. In the far field, the CVP is found to be the dominating mechanism in the entrainment of the hot vitiated crossflow by the reacting jet and large-scale mixing. Its induced counter-rotating flow field give rises to the flame propagation and the heat and species transfer from the windward to the leeward side of the jet near the injection wall. In the wake region, the combustion and its byproducts persist in closer proximity to the jet exit of the normal case because of the presence of a much stronger recirculation zone behind the jet. Accordingly, higher wall heat fluxes are obtained in this region for the normal jet. The mean wall heat flux values of both the normal and inclined jets decrease and approach each other with moving away from the jet exit in the streamwise direction. The findings indicate that the CVP-induced flow drastically increases heat transfer to the near wall region, resulting in a spanwise-symmetry heat flux profile with double peaks in downstream. The results of the present LES study are compared to the experimental data available in the literature by considering instantaneous hydroxide (OH) fields and mean wall heat fluxes.
Modeling Periodic Asymmetric Light Transmitting Nanostructures for Luminescent Solar Concentrators Using COMSOL Multiphysics Wave Optics Module
Authors: Arnow Hannah , Oliveto Vincent , Smith Duncan , Hughes Michael , Borca-Tasciuc Diana-Andra 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPVs) have been developed to aid in meeting new net-zero legislation. BIPVs incorporating Luminescent Solar Concentrators (LSC) are actively investigated to improve utilization of solar cells on vertical walls. However, LSCs suffer from low efficiency due to escape cone losses. One way to increase LSC efficiency is by using Asymmetric Light Transmission (ALT) interfaces that prevent light from escaping the LSC at angles around normal incidence. ALT interfaces consisting of trapezoidal alumina pyramids have been shown effective at light trapping when added to the light-entering surface of a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-based LSC. However, the previous study overlooked the effect of azimuth angle of incidence. Given the geometry of the nanostructured interface, azimuth angle is anticipated to play a role in ALT interface performance. The goal of this paper is to investigate this aspect. Forward and backward transmission data and Poynting vector directional data were collected from COMSOLs Multiphysics Wave Optics Module for a trapezoidal pyramid ALT interface at varying azimuth angles. This data was then used with an in-house Monte Carlo Ray Tracing code to simulate light propagation within the LSC with the ALT interface and calculate the optical efficiency. Average transmission difference for increasing azimuth angles increased at lower polar angles yet decreased at higher polar angles. It was found that the optical efficiency for the ALT interface LSC improves in performance at higher azimuth angles compared to an LSC with a plain interface. This suggests that a horizontal orientation for the ALT interface LSC would be best for optimal performance.
Powering a TLUD Biomass Pyrolyzer Using its Own Waste Heat and Thermoelectric Devices
Authors: Nasef Ziad , Nugen Nathan , Leal-Quiros Edbertho , Diaz Gerardo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The escalating severity and frequency of climate change events, including prolonged droughts, extensive wildfire seasons, rising sea levels, and devastating floods, calls for urgent greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction policies. Waste heat utilization emerges as one potential strategy for climate change mitigation. Controlled thermochemical processes such as biomass pyrolysis offer a climate-friendly alternative approach in the face of biomass decay or open burning, which contribute to emissions of methane and other harmful pollutants to the environment. Biomass pyrolysis can also produce electric power or industrial heat without adding carbon to the atmosphere and providing a stable form of carbon sequestration in the form of biochar. In response to environmental concerns, California’s San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District is set to prohibit open burning of biomass starting in January 2025. This paper deals with the potential application of thermoelectric generators to harness waste heat from a Top-Lit Up-Draft (TLUD) biomass pyrolyzer. Thermoelectric generator plates were studied and characterized, where the amount of voltage generation and the effect of external cooling were investigated. The contribution of this paper is to use the thermoelectric generator plates to recover some of the waste heat that is lost during biomass pyrolysis. The electric power produced can be used to replace the external power source required in TLUD pyrolyzers.
4E Assessment on Heat Transfer and Optimization of a Novel Cooling-Heating- Power Cogeneration Brayton System
Authors: Wang Yiming , Xie Gongnan , Rowe Andrew 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
High-temperature gas-cooled fast reactors are fourth generation nuclear systems offering ultra-high heat source temperature and advanced safety features. When used in applications such as marine propulsion, delivery of cooling and hot water may be achieved by utilizing reactor heat rejection. The supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle is considered suitable for coupling with the fourth-generation nuclear systems due to the excellent thermophysical properties of supercritical CO2. In this study, a novel cooling-heating-power cogeneration Brayton system that can fully recover the reactor cooling heat is described. The prototype ALLEGRO demonstrator reactor operating conditions are used to design the supercritical CO2 combined cycle. The use of advanced, double-sided etched printed circuit heat exchanger with elliptical channel geometry is examined. Initially, the key thermodynamic and cost metrics are analyzed using energy, exergy, economy, and environment (4E) assessment. Subsequently, multi-objective optimization of the Brayton system is carried out using the 4E metrics. The results show that the economic and environment costs of the combined cycle can be reduced by 2.9% and 49.5%, respectively with respect to the base-case design.