bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Night Vision Goggles and In-Flight Evaluation of the Inside/Outside Refocusing Problems in a UH-1H Helicopter
Authors: Stone Lewis W. , Sanders Michael G. , Glick David D. , Wiley Roger W. , Kimball Kent A. 
Published: July 2017

Rotary wing aircraft are being tactically flown closer and closer to the ground in an effort to take maximum advantage of concealment and protection afforded by trees, man-made structures and terrain features. In recent years, night vision goggles have been used to aid the pilot in his/her flight duties. It has been noted, however, that visual transition from the outside environment into the cockpit (and vice versa) requires manual refocusing of the goggles. This requires the pilot to remove his hand from one or the other of the controls, thus compromising safe flight. In this study, eight U.S. Army aviators hovered an instrumented Army JUH-1H helicopter ten feet above the ground at night under four visual conditions using the unaided eye (normal night vision) and three configurations of the AN/PVS-5 night vision goggles (NVG). The NVG configurations included: (1) 40° field-of-view piano tubes focused at infinity; (2) a bifocal arrangement in which the bottom 14% of the field was focused at approximately 22 inches; and (3) a bifocal arrangement with the bottom 24% focused at 22 inches. Aircraft status and control position monitors were scanned at a rate of 20 times per second and recorded on a seven-track magnetic tape via the helicopter in-flight monitoring system (HIMS). Subsequent review and analysis of these data indicate no significant difference between configurations in terms of control movements. In terms of aircraft status variables, radio measured altitude indicated a large variability under the 40° piano NVG. However, hover behavior stabilized significantly in the bifocal condition. Subjective pilot responses supported these observations.
Utilization of Energy Maneuverability Data in Improving In-Flight Performance and Performance in Air Combat Maneuvering
Authors: Moroney W. F. , Pruitt R. , Lau C. 
Published: July 2017

Energy maneuverability (EM) has been defined as the ability to perform a change, or a combination of changes, in direction, altitude and airspeed expresssed in terms of energy and energy rate. This paper describes two situations in which EM data have been presented to pilots in an effort to improve their ability to maximize the performance capability of their aircraft. In the first situation, EM information (in terms of “g” and calibrated airspeed, CAS) was presented in analog format on a helmet-mounted display (HMD). In preliminary testing, one USAF pilot was trained with the HMD, while another served as a control. Both pilots flew the T-38 through 12 EM related maneuvers. On a comparison flight (during which the display was not utilized) the HMD trained pilot outperformed his non-HMD trained counterpart. Additionally, after a one week interval both pilots reflew the flight test profile and the HMD trained pilot again out-performed the non-HMD trained pilot. Because of the surprising ease with which pilots could use the display, a comparison was also made between two pilots (who were trained with the display and had less than 100 flight hours in the T-38) and an instructor pilot with approximately 1000 hours in T-38s. On their second flight with the HMD, the subject pilots flew the required maneuvers as well as the more experienced pilot. On the basis of the above, it was concluded that the display could be used to present EM information to pilots in a usable fashion; however, more complete data are needed regarding utilizing the display with student pilots. In the second situation, energy maneuverability data were again presented in an analog format (turn rate vs. CAS) as a debriefing aid for use on the Air Combat Maneuvering Range (ACMR). The ACMR gathers in-flight data from aircraft while they are engaged in air combat maneuvering. Upon returning from the ACMR aircrew are presented with 1) a pictorial display of the engagement, and 2) a digital printout of selected encounter parameters (e.g. velocity, “g”, altitude of each aircraft, range between aircraft). The display integrates these relevant energy maneuverability data into an analog format, thus providing an immediate comparison of the performance of each aircraft with respect to the maneuvering envelope of that aircraft and that of the opponent. The display also allows the aircrew to recognize very rapidly whether they are gaining or losing energy and the rate of gain or loss. It is expected that this new format 1) will provide a better means for pilots to determine how well they have maximized the performance of their aircraft, and 2) may serve as an aid in tactics development.
Psychophysiological Effects of Paced and Self-Paced Work in Relation to Motivational, External and Internal Attentional Requirements of a Task
Authors: Sharit Joe , Salvendy Gavriel , Deisenroth Michael P. 
Published: July 2017

This paper presents a design by which psychophysiological and behavioral responses in laboratory-controlled paced/self-paced work are evaluated by manipulating both the attentional environment so that the task is either predominantly perceptual in nature (external attention) or, alternatively, characterized primarily by mental operations (internal attention) as well as the level of attention through the use of incentives in an attempt to identify and rationalize possible differences in paced/self-paced work. It is argued that when basic methodological issues intrinsic to psychophysiological and paced/self-paced studies in general are considered, along with an analysis in terms of both short-(trial-by-trial as well as trial components) term and long-term (entire task) psychophysiological and behavioral responses, the task of locating and evaluating stress within the paced/self-paced work environment becomes less elusive. (b) Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
Non-Work Related Movements in Machine Paced and in Self-Paced Work
Authors: Basila B. , Suominen S. , Salvendy G. , McCabe G.P. 
Published: July 2017

In studying the non-work related movements (NRM) on 10 experienced industrial workers performing similar light repetitive work, the following is concluded: 1) on the average there is 54% more NRM in machine paced than in self-paced operations (1300 NRM for self-paced work compared to 2000 NRM per 8 hours for paced work), 2) the older workers have significantly less NRM than the younger workers, and 3) the NRM were most frequent in the upper than in the lower extremities. These differences are discussed in terms of differences in task complexity and stringency of pacing.
Physiological Basis of Machine-Paced and Self-Paced Work
Authors: Salvendy Gavriel , Knight James L. 
Published: July 2017

Currently, the majority of the machine-paced jobs in industry are manned by younger workers while older workers are predominantly working on self-paced work. Laboratory research suggests the hypothesis that the above policy of allocating people to jobs results in lower physiological efficiency of the human body than may be possible to achieve through new policies of job design and manpower allocation procedures. Hence, this study is proposed to test the above hypothesis in industrial work situations. In a statistically balanced, designed experiment 33 female operators, representing the age range of 28 to 64 years, performed in industry the same task at both machine-paced and self-paced performance for a total duration of four weeks. During the period of this experimentation, data was collected and analyzed on physiological costs (sinus arrhythmia, mean heart rate, blood pressure and rate of breathing) associated with the machine-paced and self-paced operation. Results are discussed for the following: (1) comparisons between the stress levels associated with machine-paced and self-paced work for the younger and the older subjects, and (2) changes, over the working day, in work capabilities of operators which significantly effect the stress levels in work situations. Methodologies are proposed, the implementation of which may result in reduction of stress at work.
The Concept and Evaluation of the Human Resources Test and Evaluation System (HRTES)
Authors: Kaplan Jonathan D. , Crooks William H. 
Published: July 2017

Meaningful operational testing requires: a test plan which will lead to the measurement of critical human performance in a methodologically sound manner; an evaluation of the acceptability of the resulting measured performance; and a diagnosis of the causes of inadequate human performance. The Human Resources Test and Evaluation System (HRTES) is a method for aiding test planners and evaluators in the production of test plans, evaluations, and diagnoses which include a consideration of human performance. This paper consists of general descriptions of the problems of operational testing, the HRTES concepts for solving these problems, and the method for a formative evaluation of HRTES, itself.
Modification of Driver Behavior by Use of Novel Roadway Delineation Systems
Authors: Hungerford John C. , Rockwell Thomas H. 
Published: July 2017

The paper describes the results of a study that has as its major objective the modification of driver behavior on high accident horizontal curves through the use of novel delineation systems. Delineation systems are systems of roadway markers that provide the driver with information about the path and demands of the road. A delineation system includes the following elements: (1) delineator type, (2) delineator characteristics such as size, shape, color, message content, and type of reflective material, and (3) delineator system geometry which includes the number of delineators, height of placement, and lateral placement from the road's edge. An extremely large number of different delineation systems can be obtained by changing any of the elements of the delineation system. This research studied three types of delineators: (1) post delineators, (2) raised pavement markers, and (3) transverse stripe pavement markings. Several variations of delineator geometry and delineator characteristics were studied. The hypothesis that was tested was that delineators could be arranged into systems that induce perceptual illusions in drivers concerning a curve's speed and path requirements. The mismatch between actual demands and perceptual demands would result in reduced speeds and lateral placement variability. The research consisted of several phases: (1) static and dynamic psychophysical laboratory testing in a simulated environment, (2) field testing using jury techniques, (3) field testing of road users, and (4) exploratory testing using an instrumented vehicle to collect eye movement and control data. Early phases of the research focused on reducing the large numbers of possible delineation systems to a candidate set of systems that could be evaluated in a field setting. Five different delineations systems were installed at different field sites and evaluated. The conclusion of the study was that delineation systems could be used to modify driver behavior on high accident rural curves in a positive way.
Ergonomics in the British Coal Industry
Authors: Leamon T B 
Published: July 2017

The National Coal Board established an Ergonomics Branch in the Institute of Occupational Medicine in 1975. The current Branch contains over twenty human-scientists and a full technical support facility. The structure of the team, the relationship with the coal mining industry (including production, engineering and trades union aspects), and the programme are outlined. A brief description of the role of the E.E.C. in the development of ergonomics in the coal and steel industries is included.
Subjective Scaling of Digital Imagery
Authors: Shedivy David I. , Snyder Harry L. 
Published: July 2017

Hard-copy digital imagery was studied with respect to subjective image quality. Trained Air Force photo-interpreters judged the interpretability of 250 military images. The images varied in noise, blur, and scene content. Other analyses performed on the data showed that at least 62 categories should be used to scale interpretability, the correlation between information extraction performance and scale values for digital imagery is high, and multidimensional scaling can be used with questionable utility in studying image quality.
U.S. Bureau of Mines Training and Evaluation Research: Overview of the Present and the Future
Authors: Bernard Jeanne T. 
Published: July 2017

In order to assist the mining community in its effort to reduce human-error type accidents, the Bureau of Mines has directed part of its training research efforts to the development of performance-based methods of evaluating employee training. Additional training research efforts have been in (1) developing a base of content material, (2) designing methods for structuring and evaluating health and safety training, and (3) the continuing investigation/application of current learning technology. The results of this ongoing research will significantly enhance the effectiveness of the training opportunities available to the mining population today. This presentation will focus on the development of innovative training methodologies and evaluation techniques designed to assist the trainers in assessing and improving their health and safety and occupational training. A brief overview of current human factors (ergonomics) research will demonstrate the complementary objectives that ergonomics and training serve to enhance mine safety. A discussion of the systematic approach on the analysis and use of a needs-assessment, the specification of instructional objectives, the use of controlled training experiences (both classroom and on-the-job training) and the identification of a performance-criteria will be highlighted. Once evaluation procedures are established, the resultant findings can be used to improve the training process. To better disseminate this resultant information to aid in upgrading miner training, it is imperative that data-collection methods and analysis procedures be improved for evaluating health and safety and occupational skills training. The Bureau's current efforts in developing such a management-information system for the collection and cataloging of human factors and training data, and the development of methods of evaluating and focusing health and safety investments at the mines will also be addressed.
Training in the use of the Continuous Miner
Authors: Morris C. W. 
Published: July 2017

A training system has been developed to help coal companies structure a continuous miner operator training course. The system includes an instructor guide, supporting audio-visual materials, and an optional continuous miner part-task procedures trainer. The instructor guide identifies company specific information about the machine and mining conditions, and operator tasks that must be collected for the course and a recommended procedure for teaching the material. A part-task continuous miner procedures trainer has been developed to teach control familiarization, machine responses, and safe operating procedures that are applicable to room and pillar mining. The trainer consists of a cab with typical operating controls and a computer-generated graphics display that depicts a plan and elevation view of the miner as it maneuvers through a stylized mine. A continuous miner's sounds and maneuvers are produced in response to the trainee's manipulation of the controls.
Articles on Mass Communications in American Magazines
Authors: Higbie Charles E. 
Published: July 2017

The first quarter of 1952 brought no spectacular events within the field of journalism. Neither were there material changes in the status of controversies which developed in the preceding quarter. The decision in the case of five Louisiana newsmen accused of defamation by gamblers at Lake Charles had not yet been handed down. William Oatis of the AP remained in a Czechoslovakian prison. Debate over the governmental security order continued in a more restrained way while an interdepartmental security classification board began operation to put President Truman's executive order into effect. Additional areas of news blackout were being pointed out in state and local government and in private business by some observers to be debated along with federal news restrictions. Increased administrative control of campus newspapers was reported from several localities. Great interest was evidenced in new technical developments in mass media, including the impending “thaw” of the television freeze and the effect of teletype-setter circuits on subscribing dailies.
Articles on Mass Communications in American Magazines
Authors: Higbie Charles E. 
Published: July 2017

The event that produced the greatest amount of controversial wordage concerning newspapers and journalism during the second quarter of 1952 was undoubtedly President Truman's offhand reply to a question seeking to link the governmental seizure of steel plants to a possible seizure of newspapers. The President's remark, made at a press conference with the American Society of Newspaper Editors, was debated as to meaning and intent for several weeks despite attempted clarification by the White House. More definite was the exoneration of five Lake Charles, La. newsmen accused of defamation by local officials. The Louisiana state judge, in giving his decision, read a ringing assertion of the right of newspapers to inquire into local affairs and to comment upon the action of local officials. Other controversial incidents included the filing of a suit by the Las Vegas, Nev. Sun to break up an alleged advertising boycott inspired by Senator Pat McCarran. In the suit's first test, a federal district judge ordered the return of advertising to the newspaper. According to Time magazine, Senator Joseph McCarthy sent letters to advertisers of Time asking them to cease patronizing the magazine because of stories printed about the senator. Economic developments in the field of communications involved the ending of the television channel allocation “freeze” and the announcement of the policy and order of the awarding of channels throughout the United States. The price of newsprint was jumped $10 a ton by all major Canadian pulp manufacturers during the period.
A Selected Bibliography from Foreign Journals
Authors: Gerald J. Edward ,   Assisted, Mitchell V. Charnley , Hage George S. , Schneider Maarten 
Published: July 2017

The summer passed quietly on the international press scene, though the undertone of restlessness and economic perplexity continued in the United Kingdom and Western Europe. The promise of more paper found British daily publishers wondering if they were not bound in the pattern of operations based on scarcity of newsprint so long as the price of paper continued around 55 £ a ton. A rewritten defamation law passed the British House of Commons. L'Echo of Paris continued its valuable series on the experiences of individual newspapers since the Liberation. The editor of World's Press News, Mr. Arthur J. Heighway, whose work had greatly improved the journal and set the pace in London, left his post in a disagreement with the management. I. P. I. Report continued its superb coverage of international journalism.
Radioisotope-Guided Surgical Biopsy of Costal Metastases in Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Axelsson C. K. , Nielsen B. P. , Graff J. 
Published: July 2017

Radioisotope bone scanning is a sensitive indicator of metastatic disease. Localization of the hot spot for biopsy is difficult. Today, a hand-held gamma probe enables the surgeon intraoperatively to accomplish the localization procedure easily. As this technique is described in American literature exclusively, more recent European findings is presented here. During one month two patients were diagnosed with breast cancer. Bone scanning disclosed minor hot spots in the ribs. On the day of surgical biopsy the localization of the hot spots was guided by a gamma probe. For the biopsy a dermal punch biopsy needle was employed, and fine needle aspiration biopsies were also taken. The procedures were easy and completed within a few minutes. The post-operative courses were uneventful. In one patient, final histology showed malignancy in both biopsies. In the other patient, only the fine needle aspiration biopsy was malignant. The punch biopsy was abnormal, but did not contain malignant tissue. The gamma probe is an important tool in the performance of rib biopsies of nonpalpable lesions. The punch biopsy technique is simple and combined with fine needle aspiration biopsy the method has proven to be sensitive and accurate. The punch biopsy technique furthermore reduces the risk of postoperative pneumothorax.
Feasibility of Predicting the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation after Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery with Logistic Regression Model
Authors: Hakala T. , Pitkänen O. , Hippeläinen M. 
Published: July 2017

Background and Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors of postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) after coronary artery bypass grafting and to create predictive model and to evaluate the effects of AF on patients outcome. Material and Methods: Data of 3,676 consecutive patients were analysed to identify the predictors of AF. Multivariate logistic regression model was validated prospectively in 1,107 patients. Results: Increasing age (p < 0.001), preoperative use of digoxin (p = 003), need of intra-aortic balloon pump or inotropic medication in the weaning off cardiopulmonary by pass or during the first 24 hours postoperatively (p = 0.013), increasing body surface area (p = 0.006) and lower ejection fraction (p = 0.048) were independent risk factors for postoperative AF. The predictive model gave area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve 0.682, 95 % confidence interval 0.663–0.701, and p < 0.001. The patients with AF incidence had more postoperative stroke (p = 0.008), confusion (p < 0.001) severe gastrointestinal complications (p = 0.005), readmission to ICU (p < 0.001), longer ICU (p < 0.001) and hospital stay (p < 0.001) when compared with the patients who remained in sinus rhythm. Conclusion: Logistic regression model with the parameters used was not accurate enough for clinical purposes. Postoperative AF is associated with postoperative stroke, severe gastrointestinal complications, readmission to ICU, and longer ICU and hospital stay.
The Long-Term Results of Lubinus Interplanta Hemiarthroplasty in 228 Acute Femoral Neck Fractures. A Retrospective Six-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Isotalo K. , Rantanen J. , Äärimaa V. , Gullichsen E. 
Published: July 2017

Background and Aims: We retrospectively studied survival of patients treated with Lubinus interplanta (IP) semiendoprosthesis in acute hip fracture. Materials and Methods: The long-term results of Lubinus interplanta (IP) hemiarthroplasty in 228 acute medial fractures of the femoral neck in 222 patients were reviewed. Results and Conclusions: The mean age of the patients was 80.3 years. The mean duration of post-operative follow-up was 6.3 years (range 5–8 years). There were 12 reoperations (5.3 %), of which 8 were revisions (3.5 %). Dislocation rate was 3.5 %. Survival was 93 % at three years and 88 % at six years (Kaplan-Meier-survival analysis). Conclusions: These results surpass those previously published after Thompson and Moore hemiarthroplasties. The Lubinus prosthesis has a greater CCD (caput, collum, diaphyse) angle and a longer stem compared to Thompson and Moore implants. The need for resection of calcar cortex is also limited. These biomechanical facts may explain the good long-term results of Lubinus hemiarthroplasty.