bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Consequences of Delayed Gastric Emptying With GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Tirzepatide
Authors: Jalleh Ryan J , Plummer Mark P , Marathe Chinmay S , Umapathysivam Mahesh M , Quast Daniel R , Rayner Christopher K , Jones Karen L , Wu Tongzhi , Horowitz Michael , Nauck Michael A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Context
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (RAs) are established therapeutics for type 2 diabetes and obesity. Among other mechanisms, they slow gastric emptying and motility of the small intestine. This helps to limit postprandial glycemic excursions and reduce chylomicron formation and triglyceride absorption. Conversely, motility effects may have detrimental consequences, eg, retained gastric contents at endoscopy or general anesthesia, potentially complicated by pulmonary aspiration or bowel obstruction.

Data Acquisition
We searched the PubMed database for studies involving GLP-1RA therapy and adverse gastrointestinal/biliary events.

Data Synthesis
Retained gastric contents at the time of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy are found more frequently with GLP-1 RAs but rarely are associated with pulmonary aspiration. Well-justified recommendations for the periprocedural management of GLP-1RAs (eg, whether to withhold these medications and for how long) are compromised by limited evidence. Important aspects to be considered are (1) their long half-lives, (2) the capacity of GLP-1 receptor agonism to slow gastric emptying even at physiological GLP-1 concentrations, (c) tachyphylaxis observed with prolonged treatment, and (d) the limited effect on gastric emptying in individuals with slow gastric emptying before initiating treatment. Little information is available on the influence of diabetes mellitus itself (ie, in the absence of GLP-1 RA treatment) on retained gastric contents and pulmonary aspiration.

Conclusion
Prolonged fasting periods regarding solid meal components, point-of-care ultrasound examination for retained gastric content, and the use of prokinetic medications like erythromycin may prove helpful and represent an important area needing further study to increase patient safety for those treated with GLP-1 RAs.
Predictive Power of the Fried Phenotype in Assessing Postoperative Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Craniotomy for Tumor Resection
Authors: Windermere Sonora Andromeda , Melnick Kaitlyn , Yan Sandra C. , Michel Michelot , Munoz Jonathan , Ebrahim Ghaidaa , Greene Hayden , Hey Grace , Chowdhury Muhammad Abdul Baker , Ghiaseddin Ashley P. , Mohamed Basma , Rahman Maryam 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Compared with the modified Frailty Index-11 (mFI-11) frailty tool, reflective of patient comorbidities, the Fried phenotype weighs functional patient variables. This study examined using the Fried phenotype in predicting postoperative outcomes in craniotomy for patients with tumor.

METHODS:
This retrospective cohort analysis included patients with Current Procedural Terminology codes for supratentorial/infratentorial tumor resections and preoperative frailty scores. Chart review collected the remaining variables for the primary outcome, length of stay (LOS), and secondary outcomes, discharge disposition and postoperative complications. Basic descriptive statistics summarized patient demographics, clinical parameters, and postoperative outcomes. χ2 tests, t-tests, and ANOVA examined associations and mean differences. Logistic and Poisson regressions explored predictor-outcome relationships.

RESULTS:
Over 7 years, these 153 patients underwent Fried assessments. The Fried score was biased toward females being more frail (nonfrail 38.0% female, prefrail 50.0% female and frail 65.6% female, P = .027) but not by age, body mass index, or tumor type. The mFI-11 was biased by age (nonfrail 67.8 years vs frail 72.3 years, P < .001) and body mass index (nonfrail 27.5 vs frail 30.8, P < .001) but not sex or tumor type. The Fried score was significantly correlated with increased LOS's (odds ratio [OR] = 5.92, 95% CI = 1.66-21.13, P < .001) but the mFI-11 was not (OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.35-1.93, P = .64). The Fried phenotype was significantly correlated with discharge disposition location (P = .016), whereas the mFI-11 was not (P = .749). The Fried score was significantly correlated with postoperative complications (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.08-1.71, P = .01), whereas the mFI-11 was not (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.86-1.41, P = .44).

CONCLUSION:
The Fried phenotype more accurately correlates with postoperative outcomes including LOS, discharge disposition location, and complications than does the mFI-11 score. These findings can be used to guide preoperative planning, inform consent, and potentially identify patients who may benefit from functional optimization in the preoperative period to improve postoperative outcomes.
Anterior-posterior constraint on Hedgehog signaling by hhip in teleost fin elaboration
Authors: Tanaka Yoshitaka , Okayama Shun , Urakawa Kohei , Kudoh Hidehiro , Ansai Satoshi , Abe Gembu , Tamura Koji 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Pectoral fins, the anterior paired fins in fish, have enhanced maneuvering abilities due to morphological changes. Teleosts have fewer radial bones in their pectoral fins than basal species, resulting in more-elaborate fins. The mechanism behind this radial constraint change in teleosts is unclear. Here, we found that mutations in hhip, which encodes an antagonist of Hedgehog signaling, led to an increase in radial bones in a localized region. Expression of the Shh genes, encoding ligands of Hedgehog signaling, coincided with notable hhip expression specifically during early development. We suggest that a negative feedback effect of Hedgehog signaling by hhip regulates the constraint of the pectoral fin in zebrafish. Additionally, re-analysis of hhip-related gene expression data in zebrafish and basal species revealed that the notable hhip expression during early development is a characteristic of zebrafish that is not observed in basal species. Region-specific expression of Hox13 genes in the zebrafish pectoral fin indicated that the median region, analogous to the region with abundant radials in basal species, is expanded in hhip−/− zebrafish. These data underscore potential morphological evolution through constrained diversity.
Planar cell polarity zebrafish models of congenital scoliosis reveal underlying defects in notochord morphogenesis
Authors: Wang Mingqin , Zhao Sen , Shi Chenjun , Guyot Marie-Claude , Liao Meijiang , Tauer Josephine T. , Willie Bettina M. , Cobetto Nikita , Aubin Carl-Éric , Küster-Schöck Elke , Drapeau Pierre , Zhang Jitao , Wu Nan , Kibar Zoha 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Congenital scoliosis (CS) is a type of vertebral malformation for which the etiology remains elusive. The notochord is pivotal for vertebrae development, but its role in CS is still understudied. Here, we generated a zebrafish knockout of ptk7a, a planar cell polarity (PCP) gene that is essential for convergence and extension (C&E) of the notochord, and detected congenital scoliosis-like vertebral malformations (CVMs). Maternal zygotic ptk7a mutants displayed severe C&E defects of the notochord. Excessive apoptosis occurred in the malformed notochord, causing a significantly reduced number of vacuolated cells, and compromising the mechanical properties of the notochord. The latter manifested as a less-stiff extracellular matrix along with a significant reduction in the number of the caveolae and severely loosened intercellular junctions in the vacuolated region. These defects led to focal kinks, abnormal mineralization, and CVMs exclusively at the anterior spine. Loss of function of another PCP gene, vangl2, also revealed excessive apoptosis in the notochord associated with CVMs. This study suggests a new model for CS pathogenesis that is associated with defects in notochord C&E and highlights an essential role of PCP signaling in vertebrae development.
Assessment and the regulation of adaptive phenotypic plasticity
Authors: Hill Karl A. P. , Pfennig Karin S. , Pfennig David W. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Organisms can react to environmental variation by altering their phenotype, and such phenotypic plasticity is often adaptive. This plasticity contributes to the diversity of phenotypes across the tree of life. Generally, the production of these phenotypes must be preceded by assessment, where the individual acquires information about its environment and phenotype relative to that environment, and then determines if and how to respond with an alternative phenotype. The role of assessment in adaptive plasticity is, therefore, crucial. In this Review, we (1) highlight the need for explicitly considering the role of assessment in plasticity; (2) present two different models for how assessment and the facultative production of phenotypes are related; and (3) describe an overarching framework for how assessment evolves. In doing so, we articulate avenues of future work and suggest that explicitly considering the role of assessment in the evolution of plasticity is key to explaining how and when plasticity occurs. Moreover, we emphasize the need to understand the role of assessment in adaptive versus maladaptive plasticity, which is an issue that will become increasingly important in a rapidly changing world.
The role of fossils for reconstructing the evolution of plant development
Authors: Hetherington Alexander J. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Many of the developmental innovations that underpin the diversity of plant form alive today, such as those facilitating apical growth, branching, leaves, roots, wood and seeds, all evolved over 360 million years ago. Fossils, as our only direct record of plant form in the past, are thus essential for interpreting the origin and evolution of these innovations. The focus of this Spotlight is to showcase the rich plant fossil record open for developmental interpretation and to cement the role that fossils play at a time when increases in genome sequencing and new model species make tackling major questions in the area of plant evolution and development tractable for the first time.
role of sex hormones in physiological adaptation and athletic performance in women with hyperandrogenism: medical and ethical aspects
Authors: Kępczyńska Aleksandra , Górecki Kamil , Prokop Przemysław , Barszczewski Konrad , Korzonek Urszula 
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Hyperandrogenism in women's sports is a topic that has been controversial for years and has been discussed and debated internationally. It concerns the participation of women with elevated testosterone levels in sports competitions, especially in disciplines where physical strength and performance are crucial. Gender categorization in sports has a biological basis and stems from significant physiological differences between men and women.
The aim: To ensure fair competition and equal opportunities for all participants.
Materials and methods: A systematic review explored the link between androgen levels and athletic performance improvement. Google Scholar and PubMed were searched in polish and english language.
Results: The issue of hyperandrogenism in sports often arises in the context of controlling the fairness of competition. Many researchers and sports activists argue that high levels of testosterone can give an unfair advantage, especially in sports requiring strength and speed. Therefore, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and other sports organizations have introduced limits on testosterone levels in women competing in certain sports. It is also worth noting that hyperandrogenism is not always due to doping or unfair practices. Often it is a physiological condition that can result from individual genetic characteristics. The approach to this issue requires consideration of both aspects of fair competition and the rights of athletes to compete without discrimination based on their natural physiological characteristics.
Hierarchical Multilabel Classification for Fine-Level Event Extraction from Aviation Accident Reports
Authors: Zhao Xinyu , Yan Hao , Liu Yongming 
Published: October 2024

Large numbers of accident reports are recorded in the aviation domain, which greatly values improving aviation safety. To better use those reports, we must understand the most important events or impact factors according to the accident reports. However, the increasing number of accident reports requires large efforts from domain experts to label those reports. To make the labeling process more efficient, many researchers have started developing algorithms to automatically identify the underlying events from accident reports. This article argues that we can identify the events more accurately by leveraging the event taxonomy. More specifically, we consider the problem to be a hierarchical classification task, where we first identify the coarse-level information and then predict the fine-level information. We achieve this hierarchical classification process by incorporating a novel hierarchical attention module into the bidirectional encoder representations from transformers model. To further utilize the information from event taxonomy, we regularize the proposed model according to the relationship and distribution among labels. The effectiveness of our framework is evaluated using data collected by the National Transportation Safety Board. It has been shown that fine-level prediction accuracy is highly improved and that the regularization term can be beneficial to the rare event identification problem. History: Kwok-Leung Tsui served as the senior editor for this article. Funding: The research reported in this paper was supported by funds from NASA University Leadership Initiative program (Contract No. NNX17AJ86A, Project Officer: Dr. Anupa Bajwa, Principal Investigator: Dr. Yongming Liu) and NSF DMS 1830363. Data Ethics & Reproducibility Note: The code capsule is available on Code Ocean at https://codeocean.com/capsule/9128124/tree/v1 and in the e-Companion to this article (available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijds.2022.0032 ).
Digital stabilization of an I/Q modulator in the carrier suppressed single-sideband mode for atom interferometry
Authors: Ullah Arif , Legge Samuel , Close John D. , Haine Simon A. , Thomas Ryan J. 
Published: October 2024

We present an all-digital method for stabilizing the phase biases in an electro-optic I/Q modulator for carrier-suppressed single-sideband (CS-SSB) modulation. Using programmable logic on the Red Pitaya STEMlab 125-14 platform, we digitally generate and demodulate an auxiliary radio-frequency tone whose beat with the optical carrier probes the I/Q modulator’s phase imbalances. We implement a multiple-input, multiple-output integral feedback controller that accounts for unavoidable cross-couplings in the phase biases to lock the error signals at exactly zero, where optical power fluctuations have no impact on phase stability. We demonstrate >23dB suppression of the optical carrier relative to the desired sideband at +3.4GHz over a period of 15 h and over temperature variations of 20°C.
Metatranscriptomic insights into the dengue patient blood microbiome: Enhanced microbial diversity and metabolic activity in severe patients
Authors: Yadav Aanchal , Devi Priti , Kumari Pallawi , Shamim Uzma , Tarai Bansidhar , Budhiraja Sandeep , Pandey Rajesh 
Published: October 2024

Background
Dengue is the most re-emergent infection, with approximately 100 million new cases reported annually, yet no effective treatment or vaccine exists. Here, we aim to define the microbial community structure and their functional profiles in the dengue positive patients with varying disease severity.

Methodology/Principal findings
Hospital admitted 112 dengue-positive patients blood samples were analyzed by dual RNA-sequencing to simultaneously identify the transcriptionally active microbes (TAMs), their expressed genes and associated pathways. Results highlight that patients with severe dengue exhibited increased microbial diversity and presence of opportunistic species (unique and core) which includes Bacillus cereus, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Streptococcus suis, and Serratia marcescens. The functional profile analysis revealed enriched metabolic pathways such as protein degradation, nucleotide biosynthesis, ion transport, cell shape integrity, and ATP formation in severe cases, indicating the high energy demands and adaptability of these microbes.

Conclusion
Our metatranscriptomic approach provides a species-level characterization of blood microbiome composition and reveals a heightened diversity of TAMs in patients with severe dengue, underscoring the need for further research into the role of blood microbiota in disease progression. Comparing the microbial signatures across the severity classes early in the disease offers unique potential for convenient and early diagnosis of dengue infection.
Experiences and perceptions of patients with ankylosing spondylitis: A systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative studies
Authors: Li Yu , Ma Dongchi , Yang Lili 
Published: October 2024

Objectives
The systematic evaluation of relevant qualitative studies on the experiences of patients with ankylosing spondylitis provides a foundation for the clinical development of personalized disease management programs for this patient category.

Methods
Multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Scopus, CNKI, Wanfang, CBM, and VIP, were searched for qualitative research literature on the experiences of patients with ankylosing spondylitis from the inception of databases to March 2024. Eligible studies were included, and quality was assessed using the quality evaluation standard of qualitative research at the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), Australia (2016). The results were integrated using the meta-aggregation approach.

Results
A total of 11 papers were included in the review. Four themes and 10 subthemes were synthesized: (1) difficulties in diagnosis and treatment; (2) effects of disease symptoms; (3) maladjustment of social roles; and (4) lack of support for disease response.

Conclusion
Medical staff should leverage the advantages of the Internet to enhance knowledge and education on ankylosing spondylitis. They should focus on patients’ mental health, assist in active self-management, provide personalized interventions, promote recovery, and improve the quality of life for patients. Additionally, society should offer a diverse range of support.
Impact of SCN10A Polymorphism on Abdominal Pain Perception and Visceral Hypoalgesia in Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Coates Matthew D. , Walter Vonn , Stuart August , Small Jeffrey , Dalessio Shannon , Carkaci-Salli Nurgul , Ouyang Ann , Clarke Kofi , Tinsley Andrew , Williams Emmanuelle D. , Janicki Piotr , Ruiz-Velasco Victor , Vrana Kent E. 
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Hypoalgesic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may provide critical insights into human abdominal pain. This condition was previously associated with homozygosity for a polymorphism (rs6795970, A1073V; 1073val/val) related to Nav1.8, a voltage-gated sodium channel preferentially expressed on nociceptors. It was unclear whether this relationship existed for both Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). This study evaluated a larger, carefully phenotyped IBD cohort to investigate this question.

METHODS:
Allelic and genotypic frequencies of rs6795970 were compared among study cohorts characterized by concomitant assessment of intestinal inflammatory status and abdominal pain experience. Visceral sensory perception was performed in healthy individuals using rectal balloon distension.

RESULTS:
We analyzed 416 patients with IBD (261CD:155UC) and 142 healthy controls. In the IBD cohort, 84 individuals (43CD:41UC) were determined to have hypoalgesic disease. The allelic frequency of rs6795970 was significantly higher in patients with hypoalgesic IBD when compared with other patients with IBD and healthy controls. Patients with hypoalgesic IBD were also more likely to be homozygous for this polymorphism when compared with other patients with IBD and healthy controls. Hypoalgesic CD (30% vs 12%, P = 0.004) and hypoalgesic UC (32% vs 15%, P = 0.036) were each significantly more likely to be associated with homozygosity for the rs6795970 polymorphism. In a cohort of healthy individuals (n = 50), rs6795970 homozygotes (n = 11) also demonstrated reduced abdominal discomfort to rectal balloon distension.

DISCUSSION:
These findings indicate that Nav1.8 plays a key role in human visceral pain perception, and could serve as a novel diagnostic target in the management of hypoalgesic CD and UC, and potential therapeutic target for conditions associated with chronic abdominal pain.
Stanley N Graven MD: A visionary for the care of babies and families
Authors: Browne Joy V 
Published: October 2024

Several pioneering neonatologists laid the foundation for practice with sick and preterm babies in intensive care. Stanley Graven was one of them. His contributions to the field in the 1960s and 70s were not those of new surgical procedures, identification of new treatments, or technological advances. Instead, he was known for developing hospital systems that developed specialized neonatal units and resulted in decreased infant mortality. He further influenced care of babies and by showing that education for the then basic level hospitals in delivery room care, control of glucose and temperature as well as early recognition and support for respiratory distress could significantly change outcomes for babies.
Stadtbibliothek Magdeburg ab 2014: Profilschärfung als Bildungshaus und städtisches Veranstaltungszentrum
Authors: Poenicke Cornelia 
Published: October 2024

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag beschreibt die Entwicklung der Stadtbibliothek Magdeburg – größte Öffentliche Bibliothek in Sachsen-Anhalt – ab 2014, geht dabei insbesondere auf die Herausforderungen der digitalen Gesellschaft ein und skizziert Lösungen, die Magdeburg gefunden hat, um sich zukunftsfest aufzustellen in einer Zeit, in der Bibliotheken nicht mehr das alleinige Monopol zum Verleih von (gedruckten) Medien haben und andere Angebote relevanter werden.
Limit joint distribution of the statistics of «Monobit test», «Frequency Test within a Block» and «Test for the Longest Run of Ones in a Block»
Authors: Savelov Maksim P. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
For a sequence consisting of independent random variables having a Bernoulli distribution with the parameter p =

1
2

$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
\frac12
\end{array}$

the limit joint distribution of the statistics T
1, T
2, T
3 of the following three tests of the NIST package is obtained: «Monobit Test», «Frequency Test within a Block»and «Test for the Longest Run of Ones in a Block». It is proved that the covariance matrix C of the limit distribution of the vector (T
1, T
2, T
3) satisfies the relations C
12 = C
21 = C
13 = C
31 = 0, C
23 = C
32 ≥ 0. For arbitrary p necessary and sufficient conditions for asymptotic uncorrelatedness and/or asymptotic independence of these statistics are obtained. The limit behavior of the vector (T
1, T
2, T
3) is described for a wide class of values p ≠

1
2

$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
\frac12
\end{array}$

.
Resistance distance and Kirchhoff index of two kinds of double join operations on graphs
Authors: Wang Weizhong , Ma Tingyan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Let G be a connected graph. The resistance distance between any two vertices of G is defined to be the network effective resistance between them if each edge of G is replaced by a unit resistor. The Kirchhoff index of G is the sum of resistance distances between all pairs of vertices of G. In this paper, we determine the resistance distance and Kirchhoff index of the subdivision double join GS
∨ {G
1, G
2} and R-graph double join GR
∨ {G
1, G
2} for a regular graph G and two arbitrary graphs G
1, G
2, respectively.