bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Buoyant AGN Bubbles in the Quasi-isothermal Potential of NGC 1399
Authors: Su Yuanyuan , Nulsen Paul E. J. , Kraft Ralph P. , Forman William R. , Jones Christine , Irwin Jimmy A. , Randall Scott W. , Churazov Eugene 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The Fornax Cluster is a low-mass cool-core galaxy cluster. We present a deep Chandra study of NGC 1399, the central dominant elliptical galaxy of Fornax. The cluster center harbors two symmetric X-ray cavities coincident with a pair of radio lobes fed by two collimated jets along a north–south axis. A temperature map reveals that the active galactic nucleus (AGN) outburst has created a channel filled with cooler gas out to a radius of 10 kpc. The cavities are surrounded by cool bright rims and filaments that may have been lifted from smaller radii by the buoyant bubbles. X-ray imaging suggests a potential ghost bubble of ≳5 kpc diameter to the northwest. We find that the amount of gas lifted by AGN bubbles is comparable to that which would otherwise cool, demonstrating that AGN-driven outflow is effective in offsetting cooling in low-mass clusters. The cluster cooling timescale is

times longer than the dynamical timescale, which is consistent with the lack of cold molecular gas at the cluster center. The X-ray hydrostatic mass is consistent within 10%, with the total mass derived from the optical data. The observed entropy profile rises linearly, following a steeper slope than that observed at the centers of massive clusters; gas shed by stars in NGC 1399 may be incorporated in the hot phase. However, it is far-fetched for supernova-driven outflow to produce and maintain the thermal distribution in NGC 1399, and it is in tension with the metal content in the hot gas.
H3K27 Methylation Dynamics during CD4 T Cell Activation: Regulation of JAK/STAT and IL12RB2 Expression by JMJD3
Authors: LaMere Sarah A. , Thompson Ryan C. , Meng Xiangzhi , Komori H. Kiyomi , Mark Adam , Salomon Daniel R. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe changes to the epigenetic landscape in response to Ag during CD4 T cell activation have not been well characterized. Although CD4 T cell subsets have been mapped globally for numerous epigenetic marks, little has been done to study their dynamics early after activation. We have studied changes to promoter H3K27me3 during activation of human naive and memory CD4 T cells. Our results show that these changes occur relatively early (1 d) after activation of naive and memory cells and that demethylation is the predominant change to H3K27me3 at this time point, reinforcing high expression of target genes. Additionally, inhibition of the H3K27 demethylase JMJD3 in naive CD4 T cells demonstrates how critically important molecules required for T cell differentiation, such as JAK2 and IL12RB2, are regulated by H3K27me3. Our results show that H3K27me3 is a dynamic and important epigenetic modification during CD4 T cell activation and that JMJD3-driven H3K27 demethylation is critical for CD4 T cell function.
Diseño de un Experimento de Optimización del Proceso de Coagulación-Floculación de Aguas en el Laboratorio de Química
Authors: Devesa-Rey Rosa , Rodríguez Rodríguez Francisco Javier , Urréjola Madriñan Santiago 
Published: September 2017

<p>La aplicación de conceptos matemáticos y la generación de soluciones matemáticas a problemas de ingeniería son esenciales para la enseñanza de todos los estudiantes de grado de ingeniería. Como la ingeniería es una profesión de carácter eminentemente práctico, los enfoques multidisciplinares para experimentación de laboratorio pueden conducir a un mejor aprendizaje para los alumnos. En este trabajo se descríbela aplicación de metodologías de superficie de respuesta (RSM) para un curso de Ingeniería Química. En particular, el documento considera la aplicación de un diseño experimental empleando software científico como Statgraphics para simular la gestión de efluentes contaminados procedentes de las industrias, para que los estudiantes relacionen el “mundo real” con los conceptos más teóricos impartidos en el aula. Las principales competencias de laboratorio desarrolladas en este curso serán el trabajo por proyectos y la propuesta de soluciones, la comunicación y el trabajo en equipo.</p><p class="Abstract"> </p>
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux: Is It the Real Culprit in Patients with Laryngeal Complaints?
Authors: Vishwakarma Rajesh , Shah Ruta V 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
Aim
The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) in patients with laryngeal complaints and study the correlation between reflux symptom index (RSI) and reflux finding score (RFS).

Materials and methods
This is a study of 104 patients, who presented in the ear, nose, and throat outpatient department at the Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, India, from April 2015 to April 2016, with complaints like change of voice, chronic cough, foreign body sensation, throat clearing, difficulty swallowing, and regurgitation.
All the patients were examined with 90° endoscope by a single examiner, and an RSI ≥13 was considered as indicative of reflux.

Observation and discussion
The mean age of the 104 patients was 47.2 years. The male-female ratio was 1:1.8. The RSI ranged from 5 to 44, with a mean of 22.99 and standard deviation (SD) of 7.43. The RFS ranged from 4 to 22, with a mean of 11.04 and SD of 3.07. Both the parameters showed high correlation (correlation coefficient 0.98).

Conclusion
The LPR plays an important contributory role in patients with laryngeal complaints. The RFS and RSI can be used as routine parameters in establishing the diagnosis of reflux.

How to cite this article
Shah RV, Vishwakarma R. Laryngopharyngeal Reflux: Is It the Real Culprit in Patients with Laryngeal Complaints? Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2017; 7(1):6-9.
Atypical Spindle Cell Lesion of Larynx: A Rare Benign Condition mimicking Malignancy
Authors: Dandala Sridhar R , Panuganti Achyuth , Kumuda Pindicura 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
Atypical spindle cell lesion of larynx is a very rare condition usually misdiagnosed as malignant spindle cell tumor, requiring immunohistochemical (IHC) studies for reaching a correct diagnosis. We present a case of a 75-year-old male patient, who presented to the ear, nose, and throat casualty in stridor, and was tracheostomized. Videolaryngoscopy revealed a huge irregular growth filling the supraglottis. Biopsy of the growth suggested a reactive fibroblastic proliferation with atypia. The patient was again subjected to biopsy and it revealed well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Total laryngectomy was done. The specimen on histopathological examination revealed atypical spindle cell lesion, and on IHC revealed a benign inflammatory spindle cell neoplasm. Here, we discuss the difficulty in making a decision on definitive treatment for such a condition and the importance of histopathological diagnosis of this condition for better understanding of its management.
How to cite this article
Dandala SR, Panuganti A, Kumuda P. Atypical Spindle Cell Lesion of Larynx: A Rare Benign Condition mimicking Malignancy. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2017;7(1):31-35.
Inflammatory responses to secondary organic aerosols (SOA) generated from biogenic and anthropogenic precursors
Authors: Tuet Wing Y. , Chen Yunle , Fok Shierly , Champion Julie A. , Ng Nga L. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Cardiopulmonary health implications resulting from exposure to secondary organic aerosols (SOA), which comprise a significant fraction of ambient particulate matter (PM), have received increasing interest in recent years. In this study, alveolar macrophages were exposed to SOA generated from the photooxidation of biogenic and anthropogenic precursors (isoprene, α-pinene, β-caryophyllene, pentadecane, m-xylene, and naphthalene) under different formation conditions (RO2 + HO2 vs. RO2 + NO dominant, dry vs. humid). Various cellular responses were measured, including reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) production and secreted levels of cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). SOA precursor identity and formation condition affected all measured responses in a hydrocarbon-specific manner. With the exception of naphthalene SOA, cellular responses followed a trend where TNF-α levels reached a plateau with increasing IL-6 levels. ROS/RNS levels were consistent with relative levels of TNF-α and IL-6, due to their respective inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Exposure to naphthalene SOA, whose aromatic-ring-containing products may trigger different cellular pathways, induced higher levels of TNF-α and ROS/RNS than suggested by the trend. Distinct cellular response patterns were identified for hydrocarbons whose photooxidation products shared similar chemical functionalities and structures, which suggests that the chemical structure (carbon chain length and functionalities) of photooxidation products may be important for determining cellular effects. A positive nonlinear correlation was also detected between ROS/RNS levels and previously measured DTT (dithiothreitol) activities for SOA samples. In the context of ambient samples collected during summer and winter in the greater Atlanta area, all laboratory-generated SOA produced similar or higher levels of ROS/RNS and DTT activities. These results suggest that the health effects of SOA are important considerations for understanding the health implications of ambient aerosols.
Canopy uptake dominates nighttime carbonyl sulfide fluxes in a boreal forest
Authors: Kooijmans Linda M. J. , Maseyk Kadmiel , Seibt Ulli , Sun Wu , Vesala Timo , Mammarella Ivan , Kolari Pasi , Aalto Juho , Franchin Alessandro , Vecchi Roberta , Valli Gianluigi , Chen Huilin 
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Nighttime vegetative uptake of carbonyl sulfide (COS) can exist due to the incomplete closure of stomata and the light independence of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, which complicates the use of COS as a tracer for gross primary productivity (GPP). In this study we derived nighttime COS fluxes in a boreal forest (the SMEAR II station in Hyytiälä, Finland; 61°51′ N, 24°17′ E; 181 m a.s.l.) from June to November 2015 using two different methods: eddy-covariance (EC) measurements (FCOS-EC) and the radon-tracer method (FCOS-Rn). The total nighttime COS fluxes averaged over the whole measurement period were −6.8 ± 2.2 and −7.9 ± 3.8 pmol m−2 s−1 for FCOS-Rn and FCOS-EC, respectively, which is 33–38 % of the average daytime fluxes and 21 % of the total daily COS uptake. The correlation of 222Rn (of which the source is the soil) with COS (average R2  =  0.58) was lower than with CO2 (0.70), suggesting that the main sink of COS is not located at the ground. These observations are supported by soil chamber measurements that show that soil contributes to only 34–40 % of the total nighttime COS uptake. We found a decrease in COS uptake with decreasing nighttime stomatal conductance and increasing vapor-pressure deficit and air temperature, driven by stomatal closure in response to a warm and dry period in August. We also discuss the effect that canopy layer mixing can have on the radon-tracer method and the sensitivity of (FCOS-EC) to atmospheric turbulence. Our results suggest that the nighttime uptake of COS is mainly driven by the tree foliage and is significant in a boreal forest, such that it needs to be taken into account when using COS as a tracer for GPP.
Impact of different fertilizers on carbonate weathering in a typical karst area, Southwest China: a field column experiment
Authors: Song Chao , Liu Changli , Han Guilin , Liu Congqiang 
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Carbonate weathering, as a significant vector for the movement of carbon both between and within ecosystems, is strongly influenced by agricultural fertilization, since the addition of fertilizers tends to change the chemical characteristics of soil such as the pH. Different fertilizers may exert a different impact on carbonate weathering, but these discrepancies are as yet not well-known. In this study, a field column experiment was conducted to explore the response of carbonate weathering to the addition of different fertilizers. We compared 11 different treatments, including a control treatment, using three replicates per treatment. Carbonate weathering was assessed by measuring the weight loss of limestone and dolostone tablets buried at the bottom of soil-filled columns. The results show that the addition of urea, NH4NO3, NH4HCO3, NH4Cl and (NH4)2CO3 distinctly increased carbonate weathering, which was attributed to the nitrification of NH4+. The addition of Ca3(PO4)2, Ca–Mg–P and K2CO3 induced carbonate precipitation due to the common ion effect. The addition of (NH4)3PO4 and NaNO3 had a relatively small impact on carbonate weathering in comparison to those five NH4-based fertilizers above. The results of NaNO3 treatment raise a new question: the negligible impact of nitrate on carbonate weathering may result in an overestimation of the impact of N fertilizer on CO2 consumption by carbonate weathering on the regional/global scale if the effects of NO3 and NH4 are not distinguished.
A qualitative assessment of adolescents’ attitudes to health and seeking help for health-related problems
Authors: Dahli Mina Piiksi , Brekke Mette , Haavet Ole Rikard 
Published: September 2017

Background and Objectives: Adolescence is a time of substantial change, bringing about the transition from childhood into adulthood. Patterns for future health behaviors are developed and continue into adult life. Little is known about adolescents’ perceptions of health and help-seeking within healthcare services. The objective of this study was to explore adolescents’ attitudes to health and seeking help for health-related problems. Methods: A qualitative design was chosen. Interviews were conducted with 5 adolescents visiting a youth health clinic in Moss, Norway. The interviews were audiotaped, transcribed and analyzed according to systematic text condensation. Results: The participants were 2 boys and 3 girls, ranging from 17-19 years of age. We found that all adolescents incorporated psychological and social qualities in their view on health. Positive social connections with family and friends were the most important factors for good health for all participants. They all conveyed resistance to disclosing mental health issues, although this was recognized as the most important barrier for good health. Establishing a trusting relationship with a healthcare provider was necessary before disclosing mental health issues and receiving help. Conclusion: In our small qualitative assessment of adolescents’ attitudes to health and seeking help for health-related problems, we found that adolescents’ focus was on mental and social aspects of health and that a trusting relationship with healthcare providers was necessary for the adolescents to seek help within the healthcare system. Future research should be conducted to study more deeply what characterizes the relationship between adolescents and healthcare providers in order to provide the most effective and appropriate healthcare to patients during this particular period of life.
Defining elements of patient-centered care for therapeutic relationships: a literature review of common themes
Authors: Clarke Stephen , Ells Carolyn , Thombs Brett D , Clarke David 
Published: September 2017

Rationale and aims: Patient-centered care is a recognized clinical method and ideal for patient - health professional relationships. Many definitions have influenced its evolution. For this research, our aim was: (1) to assess definitions and descriptions of patient-centered care to draw out elements of patient-centered care that are considered to be important markers of successful patient-centered care in the patient - health professional relationship and (2) to propose a set of elements that collectively reflect the diversity of ‘patient-centered’ definitions that describe the patient-professional relationship in this literature. A secondary aim was (3) to provide elements that could be used for development of a quality assessment tool.Methods: We conducted a critical interpretive review of patient-centered care and patient-centered communication literature, beginning with a critical synthesis that yielded 12 articles that introduced new theoretical and definitional work on patient-centered care and patient-centered communication. We used an inductive and iterative analysis process to identify and group common themes. We used operational language to describe these themes. Results: We identified 6 elements (each with 2 or more sub-elements) of the patient - health professional relationship that are considered important markers of successful patient-centered care (as found in this literature). The 6 elements are: (1) Engaging the Patient as a Whole Person, (2) Recognizing and Responding to Emotions, (3) Fostering a Therapeutic Alliance, (4) Promoting an Exchange of Information, (5) Sharing Decision-Making and (6) Enabling Continuity of Care, Self-Management and Patient Navigation. Conclusions: Comparable fundamental elements were common among most authors within this literature: we found that variation in theory was typically a matter of degree and language. This work contributes analyses towards greater theoretical consistency for conceptions of patient-centered care. It also provides avenues for future development of quality assurance benchmarks.
Scaling a waterfall: a meta‐ethnography of adolescent progression through the stages of HIV care in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Williams Shannon , Renju Jenny , Ghilardi Ludovica , Wringe Alison 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIntroduction: Observational studies have shown considerable attrition among adolescents living with HIV across the “cascade” of HIV care in sub‐Saharan Africa, leading to higher mortality rates compared to HIV‐infected adults or children. We synthesized evidence from qualitative studies on factors that promote or undermine engagement with HIV services among adolescents living with HIV in sub‐Saharan Africa.Methods: We systematically searched five databases for studies published between 2005 and 2016 that met pre‐defined inclusion criteria. We used a meta‐ethnographic approach to identify first, second and third order constructs from eligible studies, and applied a socio‐ecological framework to situate our results across different levels of influence, and in relation to each stage of the HIV cascade.Results and discussion: We identified 3089 citations, of which 24 articles were eligible for inclusion. Of these, 17 were from Southern Africa while 11 were from Eastern Africa. 6 explored issues related to HIV testing, 11 explored treatment adherence, and 7 covered multiple stages of the cascade. Twelve third‐order constructs emerged to explain adolescents' engagement in HIV care. Stigma was the most salient factor impeding adolescents' interactions with HIV care over the past decade. Self‐efficacy to adapt to life with HIV and support from family or social networks were critical enablers supporting uptake and retention in HIV care and treatment programmes. Provision of adolescent‐friendly services and health systems issues, such as the availability of efficient, confidential and comfortable services, were also reported to drive sustained care engagement. Individual‐level factors, including past illness experiences, identifying mechanisms to manage pill‐taking in social situations, financial (in)stability and the presence/absence of future aspirations also shaped adolescents HIV care engagement.Conclusions: Adolescents' initial and ongoing use of HIV care was frequently undermined by individual‐level issues; although family, community and health systems factors played important roles. Interventions should prioritise addressing psychosocial issues among adolescents to promote individual‐level engagement with HIV care, and ultimately reduce mortality. Further research should explore issues relating to care linkage and ART initiation in different settings, particularly as “test and treat” policies are scaled up.
Historical dynamics and current environmental effects explain the spatial distribution of species richness patterns of New World monkeys
Authors: Vallejos-Garrido Paulo , Rivera Reinaldo , Inostroza-Michael Oscar , Rodríguez-Serrano Enrique , Hernández Cristián E. 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundWhy biodiversity is not uniformly distributed on the Earth is a major research question of biogeography. One of the most striking patterns of disparity in species distribution are the biodiversity hotspots, which generally do not fit with the distribution of relevant components of the Neotropical biota. In this study, we assess the proximal causes of the species-richness pattern of one of the most conspicuous groups of Neotropical mammals, the New World monkeys the Platyrrhini. We test two complementary hypotheses: (1) there is a historical source-sink dynamic (addressed using macroevolutionary and macroecological approaches); (2) the large number of species in the Amazon basin is due to the constraints imposed by environmental variables occurring outside this area.MethodsWe first characterize spatial patterns of species richness and biodiversity hotspots using a new, objective protocol based on probabilities. Then we evaluate the source-sink hypothesis using BioGeoBEARS analysis and nestedness analysis of species richness patterns. Complementarily, to measure how often different species pairs appear in the same sites, we used null models to estimate the checkerboard score index (C-score). Finally, we evaluate the relationship between several climatic variables and species richness through ordinary least squares (OLS) and spatial autoregressive (SAR) models, and the potential environmental constraints on the pattern.ResultsWe found one significant cluster of high values for species richness in the Amazon basin. Most dispersal events occurred from the Amazonian subregion to other Neotropical areas. Temperature (T), discrepancy (BR), and NODF indexes show a significant nesting in the matrix ordered by species richness and available energy. TheC-score observed was significantly smaller than the null expectation for all sites in the Neotropics where there are records of platyrrhine species. Ten climatic variables comprised the best-fitting model that explains species richness. OLS and SAR models show that this set of variables explains 69.9% and 64.2% of species richness, respectively. Potential of evapotranspiration is the most important variable within this model, showing a linear positive relationship with species richness, and clear lower and upper limits to the species richness distribution.DiscussionWe suggest that New World monkeys historically migrated from their biodiversity hotspot (energetically optimal areas for most platyrrine species) to adjacent, energetically suboptimal areas, and that the different dispersal abilities of these species, the lack of competitive interactions at a macroecological scale, and environmental constraints (i.e., energy availability, seasonality) are key elements which explain the non-uniform pattern of species richness for this clade.