bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histochemical Changes Liver and Kidney of Mice Exposed to Mercury and Recovery with Nanogold
Authors: Taufikurohmah Titik , Sanjaya I Gusti Made , Baktir Afaf , Syahrani Achmad 
Published: May 2016

The background of this research is the circulation cosmetic with mercury that occur today in society. The problem of the research is that occur histochemical’s damage liver and kidney after exposure to mercury, and is that nanogold can recovery that damage. The pre-clinical study needed 24 mice (Mus muscullus) were divided into 6 groups, the control is A group, B group was exposed to mercury, Groups C, D, E and F after being exposed to mercury, than recovery by nanogold with concentration each of 5, 10, 15 and 20 ppm. Exposure was performed 1 week and 4 weeks of recovery. Necropsy of mice doing after treatment, liver and kidneys are processed into preparations by blocking with paraffin embedding method. Histochemical staining of liver and kidney tissue with Hematoxylin eosin (HE) to determine changes of cell constituent and staining Van Geyson to determine the structure of collagen constituent. Statistics Manova showed different results between treatment groups. Tissue damage, lysis cell and destruction of collagen can be observed from histochemical techniques for mercury-exposed group compared to the control group. Tissue and collagen recovery process can be observed from group C, D, E and F. The conclusion that the effects of mercury one week exposed through skin give effect to collagen tissue damage at liver and kidneys of mice. 20 ppm of Nanogold can recovery damaged cells and collagen tissue from the liver and kidneys of mice after four weeks of recovery.
Identification of Secondary Metabolites Compounds and Antibacterial Activities on The Extract of Soursop Leaf
Authors: Ningsih Dian Riana , Zusfahair Zusfahair , Kartika Dwi 
Published: May 2016

Treatment of bacterial infectious diseases using semi-synthetic antibiotics can lead to resistance, so as to overcome it necessary to search for natural ingredients from plant extracts that has potential as an antibacterial, one of which is the leaf extract of soursop (Annona muricata L.). This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of soursop leaf against E. coli and identify groups most active chemical compounds from the extracts. Soursop leaves extracted by maceration using n-hexane, chloroform and methanol. The extracts were tested for antibacterial activity using the diffusion method. Extract with the highest activity determined the minimum inhibitory concentrations grow (MIC) and tested the content of secondary metabolites with phytochemical test, subsequently identified using IR spectrophotometer. Soursop leaves with extraction solvent n-hexane, chloroform and methanol to produce n-hexane extract (E1), the chloroform extract (E2), and the methanol extract (E3) with a yield respectively 0.82%; 5.21%; 8.2% and produce antibacterial activity with consecutive inhibition zone of 3.52 mm; 8.34 mm; 3.00 mm. MIC of soursop leaf chloroform extract of the E. coli bacteria that is at a concentration of 1 ppm with inhibition zone of 3.23 mm. Based on the test results phytochemical soursop leaf chloroform extract showed the presence of compounds alkaloids, steroids, saponins and tannins. IR spectrophotometer identification results showed that the chloroform extract of the leaves of the soursop has functional groups OH, aliphatic C-H, C = O, C = C aromatic, CH3, C-O ether and C-H outside the field.
Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Analysis of Xanthone Derivates as Cytotoxic Agents in Liver Cancer Cell Line HepG2
Authors: Miladiyah Isnatin , Tahir Iqmal , Jumina Jumina , Mubarika Sofia , Mustofa Mustofa 
Published: May 2016

The study of xanthone derivatives as cytotoxic agents in cancer is increasing. This study was conducted to explore the Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) of xanthones as cytotoxic agents in HepG2 cells, to find compounds with better potency. The data set were taken from the previous study, involving 26 xanthone derivates and their cytotoxic activities in Inhibitory Concentration 50% (IC50). The parameters (descriptors) were obtained from quantum mechanics calculation using semiempirical AM1 method and QSAR models determined with principle component regression, with log (1/IC50) as a dependent variable and five latent variables as independent variables. From the 26 main descriptors, PCR reduced them to five latent variables (1st– 5th LV). The QSAR analysis gave the best model as follows: log (1/IC50) = 4.592 – 0.204 LV1 + 0.295 LV2 + 0.028 LV3 (n = 26, r = 0.571, SE = 0.234, Fcount/Ftable ratio = 1.165, PRESS value = 3.766). The study concluded that the descriptors contributed to anticancer activity were volume, mass, surface area, log P, dipole moment, HOMO energy, LUMO energy, and atomic net charge of some atoms. Modifications of substitution that would contribute to cytotoxic activity can be performed at phenyl ring A and C, but not at B.
A New Class of Production Function Model and Its Application
Authors: Cheng Maolin , Jiang Zedi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractUnder some circumstances, the studies on economic growth theory can be translated into the researches on production function which will beneficial for the government to analyze the pattern of economic growth and then make reasonable policies. The commonly used production functions include C-D production function, CES production function, VES production function with different elasticity of substitution. This paper will put forward to a new class of production function which elasticity of substitutionσis a non-linear function ofK/L. With this new model, a calculation formula for accurately measure the influence rates of various factors to economic growth will be derived, which is significant for in-depth studies on functions and scientific measurement. The empirical analysis on the influence rates of China’s economic growth factors and its good results will be presented in the end of this paper.
A Review on Fracture-Initiation and -Propagation Pressures for Lost Circulation and Wellbore Strengthening
Authors: Feng Yongcun , Jones John F. , Gray K. E. 
Published: May 2016

Summary
Fracture-initiation pressure (FIP) and fracture-propagation pressure (FPP) are both important considerations for preventing and mitigating lost circulation. For significant fluid loss to occur, a fracture must initiate on an intact wellbore or reopen on a wellbore with pre-existing fractures, and then propagate into the far-field region. Wellbore-strengthening operations are designed to increase one or both of these two pressures to combat lost circulation. Currently, some theoretical models assume that FIPs and FPPs are only functions of in-situ stress and rock-mechanical properties. However, as demonstrated by numerous field and laboratory observations, they are also highly related to drilling-fluid properties and to interactions between the drilling fluid and formation rock.
This paper discusses the mechanisms of lost circulation and wellbore strengthening, with an emphasis on factors that can affect FIP and FPP. These factors include microfractures on the wellbore wall, in-situ-stress anisotropy, pore pressure, fracture toughness, filter-cake development, fracture bridging/plugging, bridge location, fluid leakoff, rock permeability, pore size of rock, mud type, mud solid concentration, and critical capillary pressure. The conclusions of this paper include information seldom considered in lost-circulation studies, such as the effect of microfractures on FIP and the effect of capillary forces on FPP. Research results described in this paper may be useful for lost-circulation mitigation and wellbore-strengthening design, as well as hydraulic-fracturing design and leakoff-test (LOT) interpretation.
Retraction Notice: Conversion of Sugar to Aldonic Acids: An Important Industrial Precursor
Authors: Arya Kapil , Masram Dhanraj T. 
Published: May 2016

The following article has been retracted on the request of the Authors Dr. Kapil Arya and Dr. Dhanraj T. Masram entitled “Conversion of Sugar to Aldonic Acids: An Important Industrial Precursor”; published in Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry, vol.13, no. 3; Pp. 198-205”.

The above article contains a graphical abstract which was used by the authors without soliciting per-mission from the License Compliance UAE, which represents a copyright violation. Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for not detecting this omission during the publishing process. We thank Mr. Ameer Alian for bringing this breach of conduct to our attention.

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Direction to an Internet Support Group Compared With Online Expressive Writing for People With Depression and Anxiety: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Dean Jeremy , Potts Henry WW , Barker Chris 
Published: May 2016

Background
Depression and anxiety are common, often comorbid, conditions, and Internet support groups for them are well used. However, little rigorous research has been conducted on the outcome of these groups.

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of an Internet support group in reducing depression and anxiety, and increasing social support and life satisfaction.

Methods
A randomized trial compared direction to an existing Internet support group for depression and anxiety with an online expressive writing condition. A total of 863 (628 female) United Kingdom, United States, and Canadian volunteers were recruited via the Internet. Online, self-report measures of depression, anxiety, social support, and satisfaction with life were administered at baseline, 3, and 6 months.

Results
All four outcomes – depression, anxiety, social support, and satisfaction with life – improved over the 6 months of the study (all P<.001). There was no difference in outcome between the two conditions: participants responded similarly to the expressive writing and the Internet support group. Engagement with the Internet support group was low, it had high 6-month attrition (692/795, 87%) and low adherence, and it received mixed and often negative feedback. The main problems reported were a lack of comfort and connection with others, negative social comparisons, and the potential for receiving bad advice. Expressive writing had lower attrition (194/295, 65%) and participants reported that it was more acceptable.

Conclusions
Until further evidence accumulates, directing people with depression and anxiety to Internet support groups cannot be recommended. On the other hand, online expressive writing seems to have potential, and its use for people with depression and anxiety warrants further investigation.

Trial Registration

Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01149265; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01149265 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6hYISlNFT)
L'Histoire et le pouvoir au XVIIIe siècles. Le discours politique provincial
Authors: Grevet René 
Published: May 2016

Les pouvoirs provinciaux artésiens ont produit ou fait produire un discours historico-juridique et historiographique propre à alimenter une attitude patriotique. Il s'agissait pour eux de s'opposer aux tentatives d'uniformisation administrative de la monarchie. Cette résistance fut, selon les circonstances et les intérêts, plus ou moins vigoureuse, plus ou moins fictive.
L'attitude pour le moins ambiguë des oligarchies dirigeantes s'expliquait également par la nécessité de trouver auprès du pouvoir royal un appui pour freiner les ambitions impatientes d'un tiers état urbain trop souvent laissé pour compte dans la répartition des responsabilités échevinales. Par son contenu sémantique, le discours historico-patriotique des élites dirigeantes artésiennes a préparé les esprits à l'intégration provinciale dans l'espace français et à l'acceptation d'une souveraineté nationale et indivisible. D'autre part, assimilé à une défense des privilèges nobiliaires et ecclésiastiques, il a suscité en réaction l'adhésion de la bourgeoisie et d'une frange de la noblesse, à un patriotisme national.
De la citoyenneté proclamée à la citoyenneté appliquée : l'exercice du droit de vote dans le district d'Arras en 1790
Authors: Jessenne Jean-Pierre 
Published: May 2016

The property-based electoral system ordered by the Constituent Assembly aims both at involving the citizen into responsibilities and the new socio-political order, and at restricting the access to actual responsibilities to those whose success qualifies as the most capable of managing public affairs.
The comparison of the list of active and eligible citizens, of the ballot reports, etc., shows that, in the district of Arras, about three quarters of the male citizens aged 25 and more qualify as active ; this global proportion conceals noticeable local variations but basically it is enough mto pursue a non-domestic activity to have a right to vote. On the other hand the eligibility income criterion, from the moment when it is more rigorously applied bars from the access to elective functions half the active citizens : its leaves aside, in particular, the majority of those who are economically dependent.
Beyond the legal definition of citizenship, the variation of participation in the many ballots of 1790 (high rural participation rate and urban abstention to municipal elections, neglect of the May 1790 primary assemblies mostly composed of eligible citizens), as well as the recruiting of the elected reveal a complex dynamics of commitment to or, on the contrary, of non-implication in the process of power devolution through voting. Earlier practices in matters of collective decision-making and the exercising of local power account, partly the problem of the stabilization of a regime which proclaims an equal right to citizenship for everybody but reserves the actual exercise of this right only to a minority.
La reconstruction d'Arras au lendemain de la Première Guerre mondiale
Authors: Bourgeois Jean-Christophe 
Published: May 2016

In november 1918 werd Atrecht bevrijd van de Duitse dreiging : na vier jaar bombardementen was de stad, de draaischijf van het noordelijke front, voor 73% verwoest en verlaten dor de bevolking.
Reeds tijdens de oorlog had het stadsbetuur bijgestaan door een commissie met tien specialisten de grote lijnen van de heropstanding van de stad bepaald. De staat moest financieel instaan voor een snelle heropbouw wat niet uitsloot dat men de totale verwoesting van sommige wijken aangreep om die op een andere manier op te bouwen.
Het nieuwe stadsbestuur werd in december 1919 met dit programma verkozen, het ter rein werd voorbereid oor een actieve en invloedrijke vereniging «Association de Défense des Intérêts d' Arras et de son arrondissement». In 1926 was het grootste deel van de stad heropgebouwd. Men kon dan vaststellen dat het stadsbestuur wel grote inspanningen had geleverd als het opstellen van een plan van aanleg in 1923, in samenwerking met de staat, er toch niet in geslaagd was de heropbouw volledig onder contrôle te houden en dat die heropbouw minder vernieuwend was dan men wenste.
L'architecture civile à Saint-Omer au XIXe siècle
Authors: Dutboy Jean-Jacques 
Published: May 2016

Gedurende de 19e eeuw blijft Sint-Omaars trouw aan het klassicisme dat reeds de vorige eeuw in zijn greep hield : zowel de openbare als private gebouwen zijn sober en streng.
De bouw van het stadhuis, een mooi gebouw van Lefranc (1834-1840) bracht de heraanleg van de omgeving mee als een bewonderenswaardig ensemble in neoklassieke stijl, die het uitgangspunt had kunnen zijn van een groots stadsdecor. Maar dat werd niet uitgevoerd en de zeer grote markt kreeg geen uniform uitzicht.
In geheel de stad werd veel gebouwd : belangrijke scholen, culturele gebouwen (Ecole des Beaux- Arts, concertzaal, theater, bibliotheek), maar ook de stadsaanleg werd niet verwaarloosd : oprichting of verfraaiing van monumentale fonteinen, bronzen standbeeld van de hertog van Orléans, park op de versterkingen van Vau- ban. In 1904 werd het station ingewijd, een grote en sterke kompositie in Klassieke stijl.
La Picardie existe-t-elle dans l'Antiquité ?
Authors: Cadoux Jean-Louis 
Published: May 2016

Does Picardie Exist in Antiquity ?
Before the creation, in 1964, of a rather artificially delineated "Région Picardie", Picardie had never had a political existence of its own ; it was essensially based, and had been so since the Middle Ages, on linguistic differences. Yet, the Bellum Gallicum stresses the importance of a group called by Caesar the Belgium, composed of the Ambians, the Atrebates and the Bellovaques, together with some satellites. Several clues lead us to think that the Belgium was not only an ethnic, cultural and geographical group within the Gaule Belgique, but also a politically structured group, remote ancestor of a Picardie currently in the making. Caesar, indeed, insists on the specificity of the Belgians, depicted as warriors all the more frightening as they are closer to the Barbarians, more distant from the enervating effets of civilization : this cliché seems to conceal other realities, among which that of a force deriving from political cohesion around a nucleus, the Belgium.
Les élites urbaines et le pouvoir municipal : le "cas" de la bonne ville de Lille aux XIVe et XVe siècles.
Authors: Clauzel Denis 
Published: May 2016

La société politique lilloise reste, en dépit de nombreux travaux, encore mal connue. L'historiographie locale a très souvent loué les vertus d'un régime communal "équilibré" qui aurait, ici, interdit la formation d'un patriciat, parfois aussi dénoncé les agissements de quelques parentèles qui auraient accaparé le pouvoir. Un retour aux sources et une "relecture" du droit municipal nous obligent à réviser ces idées reçues. Juridiquement, rien n'interdit l'installation durable aux postes clés de la cité des strates dirigeantes de la société urbaine. Une étude prosopographique exhaustive des gens de l'échevinage, menée sur près de deux siècles, portant sur 5 700 postes édilitaires dont les titulaires ont été repérés, vient étayer cette affirmation. 832 individus appartenant à 323 familles différentes exercent le pouvoir à Lille. De fait, celle-ci est gouvernée par une étroite oligarchie.
Certes, aux grands lignages solidement implantés, s'opposent des familles qui accèdent à des postes de responsabilité pendant deux ou trois générations avant de s'éclipser, puis les individus qui ne parviennent pas à s'imposer durablement. Mais l'impression qui l'emporte est celle d'une société politique cohérente. La pérennité du système social s'explique à la fois par la diversité des activités exercées par les membres de ces familles et par les liens de solidarité tissés entre elles. Ceci permet de comprendre le "calme" relatif dont la ville bénéficie à la fin du Moyen Age. Parler de "patriciat" — malgré les critiques formulées à rencontre de ce concept — ne semble aucunement excessif. Et ranger Lille dans le cortège des "bonnes villes" du royaume de France paraît s'imposer.
Les villes picardes, citadelles du catholicisme.
Authors: Carpi Olivia 
Published: May 2016

De Picardische steden, burchten van het catholicisme.
In het laatste derde van de XVIde eeuw was Picardie een van de meest Ligagezinde provincies in het koninkrijk. Wat ging er schull achter dit vroeg, massief en duurzaam engagement ? Mag er dan al sprake zijn van een complexe motivering, dan weegt de goldsdienst toch het zwaarst door. Om inder daad het algemeen verzet in dejaren 1580-1590 te begrijpen moet men nagaan hoe heftig de Picardische steden zeer vroeg gestreden hebben tegen de inplanting van de Hervorming binnen hun muren. De verschillende middelen die zij daarvoor aanwendden, vooral sedert 1560, waren zeer efficient want het protestantisme ging in het volgende decennium achteruit. Rekening houdend met de moeilijkheden die het protestantisme moest overwinnen om in de provincie door te dringen ook in weerwil van de lokale adel die een niet te verwaariozen roi speelde, net als sommige bestuurders, valt het op dat de defensieve reactie wat buiten proportie was. Er was natuurlijk de gehechtheid van van de meeste burgers aan de "godsdienst van de voorouders", maar daarnaast nog andere meer specifieke redenen die de hardnekkigheid tegen de protestanten verklaren. Het gaat om twe zaken : veiligheid en autonomie. Deze steden die de grens bewaken vrezen het gevaar van de troepen van de Hugenoten, rebellen tegen de koning, en een eventuele uitbreiding van de door de protestanten geleide opstand in de Nederlanden. Anderzijds willen de gemeentelijke magistraten die sterk hechten aan de privilégies, de garantie van een autonoom bes-tur van de stad, zo weinig mogelijk tussenkomsten van Hugenotenleiders of van agenten van de koning in het bestuur naar aanleiding van een godsdienstoorlog. Zo zijn er, lang voor 1576 en a fortiori 1588, al veel essentiele voor- waarden voor de Liga aanwezig in Picardie.
Le Sillon dans le diocèse d'Amiens.
Authors: Chaline Nadine-Josette 
Published: May 2016

The Sillon in the Amiens Diocese.
Picardie is concerned by the various movements that stir the Catholic world in the early years of the XXth century. That is how Marc Sangnier's movement, the Sillon, gets a foothold in the Amiens diocese. The Picardie Sillon benefits in its early days from the shelter of the one developing in the Nord department, under the leadership of Victor Diligent. From 1904 onwards, a Sillon group settles in the Picardie capital, rue des Trois-Cailloux, and a news bulletin, Entre nous, fosters links between the groups being created in Abbeville, Albert, Corbie, Languevoisin... Young Sillon militants from Picardie take part in the various national conventions and contribute to the spreading of Marc Sangnier's ideas.
Oublis et non-dits de l'histoire de la Grande Guerre.
Authors: Audoin-Rouzeau Stéphane 
Published: May 2016

Vergeten en verdringen over de geschiedenis van de Grote Oorlog.
De cultuurgeschiedenis van de Grote Oorlog staat nog in zijn kinderschoenen omdat de historici maar traag het begrip "oorlogscultuur" onderzoeken, die geen gevolg van het conflict is maar zijn echte matrijs. De geschiedschrijving heeft lange tijd de voorkeur gegeven aan een aseptische versie an verschillende centrale aspecten rond het lichaam, het geweld, het lijden. De professionele historici hebben in de strijders alleen de oorlogservaring gezocht en zo de grondbeginselen van de geschiedenis verwaarloosd.
L'aventure industrielle de l'entreprise "Baignol et Farjon".
Authors: Bigand Laurent 
Published: May 2016

The Industrial Adventure of the "Baignol et Farjon" Firm.
The industrial adventure of "Baignol et Farjon" stretches from the middle of the XIXth century to the end of the 1970s. A company producing writing instruments, "Baignol et Farjon" mastered steel manufacturing, to design metal nibs, penholders, propelling pencils, woodworking, wood being the basic raw material for graphite pencils and crayons, and plastic moulding to shape ballpoint pens and nylon points. Whatever the material used, the indépendance of the company rested all along on four major pillars : continuity in management, with a family lineage stretching over five generations, diversification of the catalogue, a policy of quality products, and a constant production-to-distribution control.