bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scope, Scale, and Dose of the World’s Largest School-Based Mental Health Programs
Authors: Murphy J. Michael , Abel Madelaine R. , Hoover Sharon , Jellinek Michael , Fazel Mina 
Published: August 2017

AbstractUntreated mental health problems are among the most disabling, persistent, and costly health conditions. Because they often begin in childhood and continue into adulthood, there has been growing interest in preventive mental health programs for children. In recent years, several such programs have been implemented at regional, state, or national scale, and although many experimental studies have documented positive outcomes of individual programs, this article represents the first attempt to systematically compare the largest programs in terms of scope, scale, and dose. The school-based mental health programs discussed in this review appear to have reached more than 27 million children over the last decade, and many of these programs have collected systematic outcomes data. The role that such programs can play in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is a secondary focus of this article. Until recently, wide-scaled, preventive, mental health interventions for children have been studied almost exclusively in high-income countries even though around 80% of the global population of children reside in LMICs. Since a number of programs are now operating on a large scale in LMICs, it has become possible to consider child mental health programs from a more global perspective. With both the increasing diversity of countries represented and the growing scale of programs, data sets of increasing quality and size are opening up new opportunities to assess the degree to which preventive interventions for child mental health, delivered at scale, can play a role in improving health and other life outcomes.
A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial of Lactobacillus acidophilus for the Treatment of Acute Watery Diarrhea in Vietnamese Children
Authors: Hong Chau Tran Thi , Minh Chau Nguyen Ngoc , Hoang Le Nhat Thanh , Chung The Hao , Voong Vinh Phat , Nguyen To Nguyen Thi , Ngoc Nguyen Minh , Tuan Ha Manh , Chau Ngoc Tang Le , Kolader Marion-Eliette , Farrar Jeremy J. , Wolbers Marcel , Thwaites Guy E. , Baker Stephen 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Probiotics are the most frequently prescribed treatment for children hospitalized with diarrhea in Vietnam. We were uncertain of the benefits of probiotics for the treatment of acute watery diarrhea in Vietnamese children.

Methods:
We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of children hospitalized with acute watery diarrhea in Vietnam. Children meeting the inclusion criteria (acute watery diarrhea) were randomized to receive either 2 daily oral doses of 2 × 108 CFUs of a local probiotic containing Lactobacillus acidophilus or placebo for 5 days as an adjunct to standard of care. The primary end point was time from the first dose of study medication to the start of the first 24-hour period without diarrhea. Secondary outcomes included the total duration of diarrhea and hospitalization, daily stool frequency, treatment failure, daily fecal concentrations of rotavirus and norovirus, and Lactobacillus colonization.

Results:
One hundred and fifty children were randomized into each study group. The median time from the first dose of study medication to the start of the first 24-hour diarrhea-free period was 43 hours (interquartile range, 15–66 hours) in the placebo group and 35 hours (interquartile range, 20–68 hours) in the probiotic group (acceleration factor 1.09 [95% confidence interval, 0.78–1.51]; P = 0.62). There was also no evidence that probiotic treatment was efficacious in any of the predefined subgroups nor significantly associated with any secondary end point.

Conclusions:
This was a large double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in which the probiotic underwent longitudinal quality control. We found under these conditions that L. acidophilus was not beneficial in treating children with acute watery diarrhea.
Rotavirus Infection in Pediatric Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients
Authors: Flerlage Tim , Hayden Randall , Cross Shane J. , Dallas Ronald , Srinivasan Ashok , Tang Li , Sun Yilun , Maron Gabriela 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Rotaviruses may produce prolonged and severe disease in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients. Nitazoxanide and enterally administered human immunoglobulins are potential therapeutic options. This retrospective study describes the clinical course of rotavirus infection in pediatric allogeneic HCT recipients and a single-center experience with nitazoxanide and oral immunoglobulins as potential treatment options.

Methods:
We identified 36 patients who had positive stool rotavirus antigen assays after allogeneic HCT from May 30, 2012, to July 31, 2015. Clinical, microbiologic and treatment data were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results:
Forty-nine discrete episodes of rotavirus infection were identified among these 36 patients for a cumulative incidence of 19.7%. For these 49 episodes, the median day to infection after HCT was day 82, and the median duration of diarrhea was 17.5 days (range 4–122). Nitazoxanide and enteral immunoglobulins were prescribed for 41 episodes. The median duration of clinical symptoms after initiation of nitazoxanide was 11 days (range 2–85), 23 days (range 10–107) after enteral immunoglobulins and 26 days (range 6–90) after a combination of nitazoxanide and enteral immunoglobulins (P = 0.1). No adverse effects of either treatment were documented, but efficacy could not be assessed in this patient population.

Conclusions:
In pediatric HCT recipients, the clinical illness produced by rotaviruses is prolonged compared with otherwise healthy children. Nitazoxanide appears safe, but its efficacy for this indication requires further study.
Determinants of Pharmacological Treatment Initiation and Persistence in Publicly Insured Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Li Yan , Liu Wei , Zhu Yanmin , Liu Xinyue , Winterstein Almut Gertrud 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Objectives
The objectives of this study were to describe the longitudinal trends of pharmacological treatment initiation and persistence in adult patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to explore how patients' sociodemographic and clinical characteristics affect these patterns.

Methods
A retrospective cohort of 23,747 adult patients with new ADHD episodes was assembled using Medicaid extract files of 29 US states from 1999 and 2010. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of treatment initiators and noninitiators, and treatment persistent and nonpersistent patients were compared using multivariable logistic regression.

Results
The overall treatment initiation and 1-year persistence rate was 22.5% and 34.2%, respectively. After adjustment, the propensity of initiating pharmacotherapy and being persistent tripled (2010 vs 2000; odds ratio, 3.25; 95% confidence interval, 2.61–4.04) and almost doubled (2009 vs 2000; odds ratio, 1.86; 95% confidence interval, 1.20–2.90) over the study period. Male, racial and ethnic minorities, and younger age groups had a decreased propensity for treatment initiation and persistence. The likelihood of initiating treatment was similar for rural and urban residents but varied among different US states. Severe mental comorbidities and, concordantly, use of antipsychotics or mood stabilizers reduced the propensity of treatment initiation but had little effect on persistence. Patients filling sustained release stimulants were most likely to be persistent. Finally, preexisting cardiovascular conditions reduced the likelihood of receiving treatment but were not associated with persistence.

Conclusions
The propensity to initiate and persist on pharmacological treatment in adults with ADHD has increased in the last decade but remains low. Treatment patterns were closely related to several sociodemographic and clinical determinants. Our findings provide valuable information to ensure appropriate treatment choices for these patients.
Albumin Use in Patients With Cirrhosis in France: Results of the “ALBU-LIVE” Survey
Authors: Garioud Armand , Cadranel Jean-François , Pauwels Arnaud , Nousbaum Jean-Baptiste , Thévenot Thierry , Dao Thong , Louvet Alexandre , Sogni Philippe , Talbodec Nathalie , Antonini Teresa M. , Bureau Christophe , Thabut Dominique , Elkrief Laure , Jouannaud Vincent , Macaigne Gilles , Bernard-Chabert Brigitte , Lison Hortensia , Alric Laurent , Carbonell Nicolas , Labadie Héléne , Amiot Xavier , Abergel Armand , Hanslik Bertrand , Leroy Vincent , De Lédinghen Victor , Denis Jacques 
Published: August 2017

Introduction:
The use of human albumin for the management of cirrhosis has increased. Recommendations have been published for therapeutic paracentesis (TP), spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), and type 1 hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). The goal of this survey was to assess the prescription practices of French hepatogastroenterologists.

Methods:
All hepatogastroenterologists were contacted. The questionnaire evaluated (1) the use of albumin in validated indications and (2) the prescription of albumin for nonvalidated clinical situations.

Results:
Responses were analyzed from 451 (50.1%) practitioners. The mean age was 40 years (range, 24 to 67 y). Physicians practiced in a university hospital (47.7%) or a general hospital (45.8%). There were 56.7% senior practitioners. Overall 99.6% of the practitioners compensated for TP. Albumin was used by 87.8% of the physicians, with a fixed dose being used by 84.6%. For SBP, 94% of the physicians used albumin concomitantly with antibiotics. The recommended protocol was followed by 56.2% of the practitioners: more often by senior university hospital practitioners than by senior general hospital practitioners (P=0.015). About 66.5% used albumin infusion for the diagnosis of HRS: used more often by senior university hospital practitioners (P=0.0006). Albumin was used concomitantly with vasopressor treatment by 84%; the dose and the duration varied considerably. About 23.5% used albumin for severe bacterial infection, 47.9% for severe hyponatremia, 43.9% for severe hypoalbuminemia, and 65.9% for hydrothorax.

Conclusions:
In this large French survey, albumin is only prescribed in accordance with recommendations for TP. The schedule for SBP is followed by only 56% of the practitioners. The use of albumin for HRS is not adapted to recommendations, which are not well known, suggesting that they should be more diffused.
Changes in Adenoma Detection Rate With Implementation of Full-spectrum Endoscopy
Authors: Nulsen Benjamin , Ungaro Ryan C. , Davis Natalie , Turvall Elliot , Deutsch Lisa , Lewis Blair 
Published: August 2017

Goals:
To investigate the effect of implementing full-spectrum endoscopy (Fuse) on adenoma detection rate (ADR) at an ambulatory surgical center (ASC).

Background:
Traditional forward viewing (TFV) endoscopes have 1 camera and provide an angle of view of 140 to 170 degrees, whereas Fuse provides a 330 degrees view through the addition of 2 side cameras. Although randomized studies have shown that Fuse decreases adenoma miss rates, its impact on ADR in a screening population is currently unknown.

Study:
We conducted a retrospective analysis of data from average risk screening colonoscopies at a 5-room ASC. This ASC transitioned from TFV to Fuse in April 2014. The primary outcome was ADR defined as the percentage of patients who underwent screening colonoscopy and were found to have at least 1 adenomatous polyp.

Results:
A total of 1696 screening colonoscopies were performed with TFV and 2302 with Fuse. Overall ADR was 23.7% with TFV and 29.0% with Fuse (P<0.01), an absolute increase of 5.3%. ADR for the proximal colon increased from 13.0% with TFV to 16.7% with Fuse (3.8% increase, P<0.01). ADR for advanced adenomas improved from 3.8% with TFV to 6.0% with Fuse (2.2% increase; P<0.01). The mean number of adenomas detected per colonoscopy increased from 0.32 to 0.41 (P<0.01). In multivariate analysis, the adjusted odds ratio for detecting an adenoma with Fuse versus TFV was 1.30 (P<0.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.11-1.51).

Conclusions:
ADR significantly increased after adopting Fuse endoscopes at an ASC. Further studies are warranted to further understand the effects of Fuse on ADR in real-world settings.
An Adjusted Level of Adenoma Detection Rate is Necessary for Adults Below 50 Years Old
Authors: Yoon Jin Young , Cha Jae Myung , Shin Jeong Eun , Kim Kyeong Ok , Yang Hyo-Joon , Kim Hyun Gun , Cho Young-Seok , Boo Sun-Jin , Lee Jun , Jung Yunho , Lee Hyun Jung , Koo Hoon Sup , Joo Young-Eun 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Although adenoma prevalence is lower in younger people compared with screening-aged adults 50 years old and above, there is no adjustment recommendation for the target adenoma detection rate (ADR) in young people. Herein, we estimated a different target ADR for adults below 50 years old based on screening colonoscopy findings.

Materials and Methods:
Asymptomatic, average-risk adults below 50 years old who underwent screening colonoscopy were enrolled at 12 endoscopy centers in Korea between February 2006 and March 2012. Screening colonoscopies were stratified into low or high ADR groups with ADR levels of 20% and 25%, respectively.

Results:
The ADRs from 12 endoscopy centers ranged from 12.1% to 43.8% (median ADR, 24.1%) based on 5272 young adults receiving screening colonoscopies. Using 20% as an ADR level, the risks for metachronous adenoma and advanced adenoma were significantly higher in the low ADR group than the high ADR group (35.4% vs. 25.7%, P<0.001; 8.3% vs. 3.7%, P=0.001, respectively). However, using ADR level of 25%, the risk for metachronous neoplasia was similar in the high and low ADR groups in young adults according to screening colonoscopy. In subgroup analysis, similar findings were found in males, but not in females.

Conclusions:
Optimal target ADR may be different between younger and older populations, and the adoption of a 20% target ADR could be used as a performance indicator for young populations.
Role of Esophageal Motility, Acid Reflux, and of Acid Suppression in Nonobstructive Dysphagia
Authors: Ribolsi Mentore , Biasutto Dario , Giordano Antonio , Balestrieri Paola , Cicala Michele 
Published: August 2017

Goals:
The present study was aimed at evaluating, in dysphagic patients, the role of high-resolution manometry (HRM) findings, presence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy on dysphagia perception.

Background:
A relevant proportion of patients with nonobstructive dysphagia present normal esophageal HRM findings. Patients with GERD often complain of dysphagia and factors, such as hypersensitivity, might be involved in its occurrence.

Study:
In total, 37 nonerosive reflux disease (NERD) patients with only dysphagia (group 1) and 52 patients with both dysphagia and typical GERD symptoms (group 2) were evaluated with symptom scores, HRM combined with impedance and 24 hours impedance-pH monitoring. In total, 44 NERD patients, not presenting dysphagia, underwent the same protocol. A total of 22/37 group 1 patients [11 with pathologic acid exposure time (AET)] were treated with esomeprazole 40 mg oid for 4 weeks and were reassessed during the last week of therapy.

Results:
A total of 15/37 group 1 patients (40%), 27/52 group 2 patients (52%), and 19/44 (43%) NERD patients presented pathologic AET [P=not significant (NS)]. Group 1 patients with a pathologic AET showed a significantly lower mean distal contractile integral (DCI) and a significant correlation (ρ=−0.71) between individual DCI and total bolus transit time values. During PPI therapy, in group 1 patients with pathologic AET, the mean dysphagia score value decreased significantly [7.5 (range, 3 to 9) before, 4 (range, 2 to 6) during PPI; P<0.01)] and mean DCI value increased significantly.

Conclusions:
In total, 40% of dysphagic patients show a pathologic AET and reduced peristaltic vigor. In these patients, an adequate PPI therapy significantly decreases dysphagia frequency and severity and improves the esophageal peristaltic force.
Time Trends and Predictors of Acute Gastroenteritis in the United States
Authors: Kim Hyun S. , Rotundo Laura , Nasereddin Thayer , Ike Adaugo , Song David , Babar Arooj , Feurdean Mirela , Demyen Michael F. , Ahlawat Sushil K. 
Published: August 2017

Goals:
To investigate the time trends of the prevalence and predictors of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in the United States from 2005 to 2014 using nationally representative data.

Background:
AGE results in numerous visits to emergency departments and outpatient clinics annually in the United States with the estimated attributable cost to the US economy up to $145 billion dollars. However, time trends and predictors of AGE are not fully understood.

Methods:
Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) 2005 to 2014, a nationally representative health survey. AGE was defined by a medical question (Do you have a stomach or intestinal illness with vomiting or diarrhea that started during last 30 d?). Prevalence of AGE was estimated in the total population as well as by selected demographic variables. Predictors of AGE and time trends of prevalence over survey periods were also investigated.

Results:
Overall monthly prevalence of AGE was 8.31% (95% confidence interval, 7.81-8.81), corresponding to 22.8 million people. AGE was associated with a younger age group, the highest in ages 0 to 9 years old, females, winter to early spring season, US born, divorced/separated/widowed individuals, current smokers, heavy alcohol users, and low household income. In the trends analyses, the prevalence of AGE significantly decreased over the study periods: 10.23% in 2005 to 2006, 9.89% in 2007 to 2008, 7.58% in 2009 to 2010, 6.44% in 2011 to 2012, and 7.47% in 2013 to 2014 (trend P<0.001).

Conclusion:
In the United States from 2005 to 2014, the monthly prevalence of AGE was 8.31% and has been significantly decreasing over time.
Validation of Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte Ratio as a Prognostic Factor in Advanced Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Xue Peng , Hang Junjie , Huang Weiyi , Li Shaobo , Li Ning , Kodama Yuzo , Matsumoto Shigemi , Takaori Kyoichi , Zhu Lifei , Kanai Masashi 
Published: August 2017

Objectives
Although the prognostic value of lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) has been recently demonstrated in solid tumors, little is known of its impact on advanced pancreatic cancer (APC). This study evaluates and validates the cutoff value of LMR for predicting palliative chemotherapy outcome using a transnational cohort of APC patients.

Methods
A total of 405 APC patients receiving first-line palliative chemotherapy were retrospectively reviewed. Of these, 153 patients were from Shanghai General Hospital (training set) and 252 patients were from Kyoto University Hospital (validation set). The optimal cutoff value of LMR was determined by a generating receiver operating characteristic curve for the training set. The association between LMR and survival was evaluated using log-rank tests, and a Cox regression model was used to validate the independent prognostic significance of LMR in APC patients.

Results
The optimal cutoff value of LMR was 2.8. Overall survival was significantly longer in patients with LMR of 2.8 or greater than those with LMR of less than 2.8 (P < 0.001). Cox regression analysis showed that LMR was an independent prognostic factor. The impact of LMR was widely observed in all subgroups except the performance status 2 subgroup.

Conclusions
Lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio may be considered as a promising prognostic marker for APC patients receiving palliative chemotherapy.
Increased Circulating CD4+CD25+CD127low/neg Regulatory T-cells as a Prognostic Biomarker in Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Minkov Georgi A. , Yovtchev Yovcho P. , Halacheva Krasimira S. 
Published: August 2017

Objective
Early detection of severe forms with unfavorable outcome is the cornerstone that could provide reduction of morbidity and mortality in acute pancreatitis (AP).

Methods
The percentage of circulating CD4+CD25+CD127low/neg regulatory T-cells (Tregs) was determined at admission, on the 48th hour, and on the fifth day in 72 patients with AP. We divided patients in 2 groups—Sev1, which includes 19 patients (26.4%) with moderate AP and 39 patients (54.2%) with mild disease, and Sev2, which includes 14 patients (19.4%) with severe AP. Seven patients (9.7%) developed septic complications. The mortality in our group was 9.7%.

Results
The patients in Sev2 had higher percentage of Tregs at admission and on the fifth day compared with patients in Sev1 (P = 0.007 and P = 0.033, respectively). There was no significant difference in percentage of Tregs at admission, on the 48th hour, and on the fifth day in patients who developed and did not develop infected necrosis (P = 0.50, P = 0.72, and P = 0.92, respectively). Patients with poor outcome had elevated percentage of Tregs on the fifth day (P = 0.045).

Conclusions
The percentage of circulating Tregs may be implicated in the development of early immune suppression in AP. Elevated percentage of circulating Tregs at admission in AP is an independent prognostic biomarker for severe disease.
Anticancer Effects of Baicalein in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Tian Ye , Zhen Liang , Bai Jian’an , Mei Yumei , Li Zheng , Lin Aihua , Li Xueliang 
Published: August 2017

Objectives
Baicalein is a Chinese traditional medicine that inhibits tumor migration and growth. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) have a high incidence in China, but there are still no effective treatments. The aim of our study was to investigate whether baicalein could inhibit pNETs.

Methods
In vitro, we used BON1—a cell line of pNETs—to analyze the apoptosis and migration and invasion after baicalein treatment via flow cytometry and Western blot. In vivo, we used a xenograft tumors model to evaluate the size of tumors after baicalein treatment. Western blot was used to analyze the expression of apoptosis and migration-related protein.

Results
In vitro, the Cell Counting Kit 8 assay showed that baicalein decreased BON1 viability, and flow cytometry demonstrated that baicalein induced BON1 apoptosis and protein changes. In addition, baicalein inhibited BON1 migration and invasion as shown via a Transwell assay. In vivo, baicalein inhibited tumor growth and migration and also increased apoptosis-related protein expression.

Conclusions
Baicalein could increase caspase-3 and Bax expression and decrease survivin and Bcl-2 to induce apoptosis. It inhibits migration and invasion by decreasing expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9.