bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Mortality in End‐Stage Renal Disease Due to Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Wegener's) From 1995 to 2014: Data From the United States Renal Data System
Authors: Wallace Zachary S. , Zhang Yuqing , Lu Na , Stone John H. , Choi Hyon K. 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveTo examine temporal trends in mortality rates in a large nationwide cohort of patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) due to granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's) (GPA‐ESRD).MethodsWe identified cases of GPA‐ESRD reported in the US Renal Data System between 1995 and 2014, using coding by nephrologists for the cause of ESRD. The cohort was divided into four 5‐year subcohorts based on the year of onset of ESRD (1995–1999, 2000–2004, 2005–2009, and 2010–2014) to assess trends in mortality rates and hazard ratios (HRs) for overall death and cause‐specific death, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsBetween 1995 and 2014, there were 5,929 incident cases of GPA‐ESRD. The mortality rate (incidence per 100 patient‐years) declined from 19.0 in 1995–1999 to 15.3 in 2010–2014 (P for trend = 0.01). The multivariable‐adjusted HR for mortality in the 2010–2014 cohort was 0.77 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.66–0.90) (P for trend < 0.001 versus the 1995–1999 cohort). The corresponding cause‐specific HRs for mortality, after accounting for competing risk, were 0.61 (95% CI 0.47–0.80) for CVD‐related death and 0.42 (95% CI 0.28–0.63) for death due to infection (P for trend < 0.001).ConclusionIn this study of nearly all patients in whom GPA‐ESRD developed in the US over 2 decades, we observed significant improvements in mortality among GPA‐ESRD patients. The number of cause‐specific deaths due to CVD and the number due to infections declined significantly during the study period. These findings are encouraging and likely reflect improved management of both GPA and ESRD.
Terahertz Emission from Hybrid Perovskites Driven by Ultrafast Charge Separation and Strong Electron–Phonon Coupling
Authors: Guzelturk Burak , Belisle Rebecca A. , Smith Matthew D. , Bruening Karsten , Prasanna Rohit , Yuan Yakun , Gopalan Venkatraman , Tassone Christopher J. , Karunadasa Hemamala I. , McGehee Michael D. , Lindenberg Aaron M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractUnusual photophysical properties of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites have not only enabled exceptional performance in optoelectronic devices, but also led to debates on the nature of charge carriers in these materials. This study makes the first observation of intense terahertz (THz) emission from the hybrid perovskite methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) following photoexcitation, enabling an ultrafast probe of charge separation, hot‐carrier transport, and carrier–lattice coupling under 1‐sun‐equivalent illumination conditions. Using this approach, the initial charge separation/transport in the hybrid perovskites is shown to be driven by diffusion and not by surface fields or intrinsic ferroelectricity. Diffusivities of the hot and band‐edge carriers along the surface normal direction are calculated by analyzing the emitted THz transients, with direct implications for hot‐carrier device applications. Furthermore, photogenerated carriers are found to drive coherent terahertz‐frequency lattice distortions, associated with reorganizations of the lead‐iodide octahedra as well as coupled vibrations of the organic and inorganic sublattices. This strong and coherent carrier–lattice coupling is resolved on femtosecond timescales and found to be important both for resonant and far‐above‐gap photoexcitation. This study indicates that ultrafast lattice distortions play a key role in the initial processes associated with charge transport.
Proton Ion Exchange Reaction in Li3IrO4: A Way to New H3+xIrO4 Phases Electrochemically Active in Both Aqueous and Nonaqueous Electrolytes
Authors: Perez Arnaud J. , Beer Robin , Lin Zifeng , Salager Elodie , Taberna Pierre‐Louis , Abakumov Artem M. , Simon Patrice , Tarascon Jean‐Marie 
Published: January 2018

AbstractProgress over the past decade in Li‐insertion compounds has led to a new class of Li‐rich layered oxide electrodes cumulating both cationic and anionic redox processes. Pertaining to this new class of materials are the Li/Na iridate phases, which present a rich crystal chemistry. This work reports on a new protonic iridate phase H3+xIrO4 having a layered structure obtained by room temperature acid‐leaching of Li3IrO4. This new phase shows reversible charge storage properties of 1.5 e− per Ir atom with high rate capabilities in both nonaqueous (vs Li+/Li) and aqueous (vs capacitive carbon) media. It is demonstrated that Li‐insertion in carbonate LiPF6‐based electrolyte occurs through a classical reduction process (Ir5+ ↔ Ir3+), which is accompanied by a well‐defined structural transition. In concentrated H2SO4 electrolyte, this work provides evidence that the overall capacity of 1.7 H+ per Ir results from two additive redox processes with the low potential one showing ohmic limitations. Altogether, the room temperature protonation approach, which can be generalized to various Li‐rich phases containing either 3d, 4d or 5d metals, offers great opportunities for the judicious design of attractive electrode materials.
All Pseudocapacitive MXene‐RuO2 Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Jiang Qiu , Kurra Narendra , Alhabeb Mohamed , Gogotsi Yury , Alshareef Husam N. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract2D transition metal carbides and nitrides, known as MXenes, are an emerging class of 2D materials with a wide spectrum of potential applications, in particular in electrochemical energy storage. The hydrophilicity of MXenes combined with their metallic conductivity and surface redox reactions is the key for high‐rate pseudocapacitive energy storage in MXene electrodes. However, symmetric MXene supercapacitors have a limited voltage window of around 0.6 V due to possible oxidation at high anodic potentials. In this study, the fact that titanium carbide MXene (Ti3C2Tx) can operate at negative potentials in acidic electrolyte is exploited, to design an all‐pseudocapacitive asymmetric device by combining it with a ruthenium oxide (RuO2) positive electrode. This asymmetric device operates at a voltage window of 1.5 V, which is about two times wider than the operating voltage window of symmetric MXene supercapacitors, and is the widest voltage window reported to date for MXene‐based supercapacitors. The complementary working potential windows of MXene and RuO2, along with proton‐induced pseudocapacitance, significantly enhance the device performance. As a result, the asymmetric devices can deliver an energy density of 37 µW h cm−2 at a power density of 40 mW cm−2, with 86% capacitance retention after 20 000 charge–discharge cycles. These results show that pseudocapacitive negative MXene electrodes can potentially replace carbon‐based materials in asymmetric electrochemical capacitors, leading to an increased energy density.
Photocatalytic activity and characterization of AgCl/Ag composite for Hg0removal under fluorescent light irradiation
Authors: Zhang Anchao , Li Chengwei , Xing Weibo , Song Jun , Su Sheng , Xiang Jun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA AgCl/Ag composite was synthesized via a facile precipitation method and applied to the photocatalytic oxidation removal of elemental mercury (Hg0) in a wet bubbling reactor under fluorescent light irradiation. The fresh photocatalyst and the used materials were characterized by N2physisorption, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electron spin resonance. The results showed that the AgCl/Ag photocatalyst and fluorescent light have a great synergistic effect on Hg0removal. A higher solution temperature was not favorable for Hg0removal. The presence of lower concentrations of SO2or NO showed little effect on Hg0removal, whereas the inhibition of SO2or NO on Hg0removal became more serious with the SO2or NO concentration increasing. Some amounts of Ag0were produced onto the AgCl/Ag surface during the process of Hg0removal in the absence and presence of SO2or NO. The trapping experiments confirmed that•O2−was the primary reactive species in the photocatalytic process.
Validation of intracranial hemorrhage in the Norwegian Patient Registry
Authors: Øie Lise R. , Madsbu Mattis A. , Giannadakis Charalampis , Vorhaug Anders , Jensberg Heidi , Salvesen Øyvind , Gulati Sasha 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectivesAdministrative health registries need to have accurate diagnoses and sufficient coverage in the population they serve in order to be useful in research. In this study, we investigated the proportion of discharge diagnoses of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) that were coded correctly in the Norwegian Patient Registry (NPR).Materials and MethodsWe reviewed the electronic medical records and diagnostic imaging of all admissions to St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway, between January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2014, with a discharge diagnosis of ICH in the NPR, and estimated positive predictive values (PPVs) for primary and secondary diagnoses. Separate calculations were made for inpatient and outpatient admissions.ResultsIn total, 1,419 patients with 1,458 discharge diagnoses of ICH were included in our study. Overall, 1,333 (91.4%) discharge diagnoses were coded correctly. For inpatient admissions, the PPVs for primary discharge codes were 96.9% for hemorrhagic stroke, 95.3% for subarachnoid hemorrhage, and 97.9% for subdural hemorrhage. The most common cause of incorrect diagnosis was previous stroke that should have been coded as rehabilitation or sequela after stroke. There were more false‐positive diagnoses among outpatient consultations and secondary diagnoses.ConclusionCoding of ICH discharge diagnoses in the NPR is of high quality, showing that data from this registry can safely be used for medical research.
Serendipitous Observation of Liquid‐Phase Size Selectivity inside a Mesoporous Silica Nanoreactor in the Reaction of Chromene with Formic Acid
Authors: Das Paramita , Ray Suman , Bhanja Piyali , Bhaumik Asim , Mukhopadhyay Chhanda 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAn unprecedented product shape/size selectivity in the hydrolysis/decarboxylation reaction sequences of chromene with formic acid within MCM‐41 as a nanoreactor in the liquid phase is observed. Chromene is expected to form pyrimidine in the reaction with HCOOH. However, here, serendipitously, the product switches from pyrimidine to enol lactones and δ‐keto acids inside the nanoreactor. The shape/size selectivity in the liquid phase is a highly desired phenomenon in organic synthesis. We prepared four different varieties of porous silica materials to obtain this product selectivity. Very high yields of these biologically relevant compounds surpass that achieved by existing methodologies. Again, though there are few reports of coumarin‐fused enol lactones, this approach enables the easy synthesis of naphthalene‐fused enol lactones. Moreover, this is the first generalized synthesis of δ‐keto acids following a number of hydrolysis/decarboxylation/ring opening/tautomerization/decarboxylation steps.
Analytik mit Licht – Das Smartphone‐Photometer
Authors: Schäfer Matthias , Hauck Bernhard , Kuhn Jochen , Ulber Roland 
Published: January 2018

ZusammenfassungDas Smartphone‐Photometer eignet sich zur Untersuchung von Reaktionskinetiken und Konzentrationsmessungen im Bereich der Biologie und Chemie. Das einfache und trotzdem Leistungsstarke Design ermöglicht in Kombination mit der entsprechenden Photometerapp eine detaillierte Beschreibung von grundlegenden Zusammenhängen und die Herleitung der zugehörigen theoretischen Zusammenhänge.
Agreement between coding schemas used to identify bleeding‐related hospitalizations in claims analyses of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients
Authors: Coleman Craig I. , Vaitsiakhovich Tatsiana , Nguyen Elaine , Weeda Erin R. , Sood Nitesh A. , Bunz Thomas J. , Schaefer Bernhard , Meinecke Anna‐Katharina , Eriksson Daniel 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundSchemas to identify bleeding‐related hospitalizations in claims data differ in billing codes used and coding positions allowed. We assessed agreement across bleeding‐related hospitalization coding schemas for claims analyses of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients on oral anticoagulation (OAC).HypothesisWe hypothesized that prior coding schemas used to identify bleeding‐related hospitalizations in claim database studies would provide varying levels of agreement in incidence rates.MethodsWithin MarketScan data, we identified adults, newly started on OAC for NVAF from January 2012 to June 2015. Billing code schemas developed by Cunningham et al., the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Mini‐Sentinel program, and Yao et al. were used to identify bleeding‐related hospitalizations as a surrogate for major bleeding. Bleeds were subcategorized as intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), gastrointestinal (GI), or other. Schema agreement was assessed by comparing incidence, rates of events/100 person‐years (PYs), and Cohen's kappa statistic.ResultsWe identified 151 738 new‐users of OAC with NVAF (CHA2DS2‐VASc score = 3, [interquartile range = 2–4] and median HAS‐BLED score = 3 [interquartile range = 2–3]). The Cunningham, FDA Mini‐Sentinel, and Yao schemas identified any bleeding‐related hospitalizations in 1.87% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.81‐1.94), 2.65% (95% CI: 2.57‐2.74), and 4.66% (95% CI: 4.55‐4.76) of patients (corresponding rates = 3.45, 4.90, and 8.65 events/100 PYs). Kappa agreement across schemas was weak‐to‐moderate (κ = 0.47–0.66) for any bleeding hospitalization. Near‐perfect agreement (κ = 0.99) was observed with the FDA Mini‐Sentinel and Yao schemas for ICH‐related hospitalizations, but agreement was weak when comparing Cunningham to FDA Mini‐Sentinel or Yao (κ = 0.52–0.53). FDA Mini‐Sentinel and Yao agreement was moderate (κ = 0.62) for GI bleeding, but agreement was weak when comparing Cunningham to FDA Mini‐Sentinel or Yao (κ = 0.44–0.56). For other bleeds, agreement across schemas was minimal (κ = 0.14–0.38).ConclusionsWe observed varying levels of agreement among 3 bleeding‐related hospitalizations schemas in NVAF patients.
An Arrayed Micro‐glutamate Sensor Probe Integrated with On‐probe Ag/AgCl Reference and Counter Electrodes
Authors: Hoa Le Ngoc Quynh , Chen Hong‐Ru , Tseng Tina T.‐C. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractComplete all‐in‐one multi‐arrayed glutamate (Glut) sensors have been constructed on a silicon‐based micromachined probe composed of micro‐platinum (Pt) working electrodes, a micro‐silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) reference electrode (RE), and a micro‐Pt counter electrode (CE). The OCP shift of the electrodeposited Ag/AgCl on‐probe micro‐reference electrode compared with a Ag/AgCl wire is <0.1 mV/h. The composition ratio of Ag, Cl, and Pt on the electrodeposited on‐probe micro‐reference electrode is observed to be 1.00 : 0.48 : 0.02 analyzed by EDS. The miniaturized amperometric Glut biosensors were constructed on working electrode sites (electrode area: ∼8.5×10−5 cm2) of the microprobe modified with glutamate oxidase (GlutOx) enzyme layers for the selective, fast, and continuous detection of L‐glutamate. The sensor selectivity towards common electroactive interferents has been improved significantly by coating the electrode surface with perm‐selective polymer layers, overoxidized polypyrrole (PPY) and Nafion®. The sensitivity, detection range, and response time of the proposed all‐in‐one Glut biosensors are 204.7±5.8 nA μM−1 cm−2 (N=5), 4.99–109 μM, and 2.7±0.3 sec, respectively and no interferent signals of AA and DA were observed. The sensor can be reused over 19 times of continuous repetitive operation (total measurement time: ∼4 hours) and the sensor sensitivity can retain up to four weeks of storage.
Understanding and predicting the diffusivity of organic compounds in polydimethylsiloxane material for passive sampler applications using a simple quantitative structure–property relationship model
Authors: Belles Angel , Franke Christine , Alary Claire , Aminot Yann , Readman James W. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

The diffusivity of 145 compounds in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) material was determined in the laboratory using a film stacking technique. The results were pooled with available literature data, providing a final data set of 198 compounds with diffusivity (DPDMS) spanning over approximately 5 log units. The principal variables controlling the diffusivity of penetrants were investigated by comparing DPDMS within and between different homologous series. The dipole moment, molecular size, and flexibility of penetrants appear to be the most prevalent factors controlling a compound's diffusivity. A nonlinear quantitative structure–property relationship is proposed using as predicting variables the molecular volume, the number of rotatable bonds, the topological polar surface area, and the number of O and N atoms. The final relationship has a correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.81 and a mean absolute error of 0.26 m2 s−1 (log unit), approaching the average error for the experimentally determined values (0.12 m2 s−1). The model, based on a heuristic approach, is ready for use by analytical chemists with no specific background in theoretical chemistry (notably for passive sampler development). Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1291–1300. © 2018 SETAC
Taxonomic review of Allium senescens subsp. glaucum (Amaryllidaceae)
Authors: Sinitsyna Tatiana , Friesen Nikolai 
Published: January 2018

Molecular markers presented clear evidence that A. senescens subsp. glaucum is in the strict sense only distantly related to A. senescens and should be accepted at species rank. As the binomen A. glaucum refers to the A. schoenoprasum alliance, the name A. baicalense must be applied.
Investigating the accuracy of FatNav‐derived estimates of temporal B0 changes and their application to retrospective correction of high‐resolution 3D GRE of the human brain at 7T
Authors: Gretsch Frédéric , Marques José P. , Gallichan Daniel 
Published: January 2018

PurposeTo investigate the precision of estimates of temporal variations of magnetic field achievable by double‐echo fat image navigators (FatNavs), and their potential application to retrospective correction of 3‐dimensional gradient echo–based sequences.MethodsBoth head motion and temporal changes of B0 were tracked using double‐echo highly accelerated 3‐dimensional FatNavs as navigators, allowing estimation of the temporal changes in low spatial‐order field coefficients. The accuracy of the method was determined by direct comparison to controlled offsets in the linear imaging gradients. Double‐echo FatNavs were also incorporated into a high‐resolution, 3‐dimensional gradient echo–based sequence to retrospectively correct for both motion and temporal changes in B0 during natural and deep breathing. The additional scan time was 5 min (a 40% increase). Correction was also investigated using only the first echo of the FatNav to explore the trade‐off in accuracy versus scan time.ResultsExcellent accuracy (0.27 Hz, 1.57–2.75 Hz/m) was achieved for tracking field changes, and no significant bias could be observed. Artifacts in the 3‐dimensional gradient echo–based images induced by temporal field changes, if present, were effectively reduced using either the field estimates from the double echo or the first echo only from the FatNavs.ConclusionThe FatNavs were shown to be an excellent candidate for accurate, fast, and precise estimation of global field variations for the tested patterns of respiration. Future work will investigate ways to increase the temporal sampling to increase robustness to variations in breathing patterns. Magn Reson Med 80:585–597, 2018. © 2018 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Proteome Profile of American Hybrid Grape cv. Blanc du Bois during Ripening Reveals Proteins Associated with Flavor Volatiles and Ethylene Production
Authors: Kambiranda Devaiah , Basha Sheikh M , Singh Rakesh , Snowden Janana , Mercer Roger 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe study of key control points in ripening is essential to improve grape wine quality. Molecular basis of ripening is still far from being understood from the Pierce's disease (PD)‐tolerant grapes predominantly grown in the southeastern United States. To identify proteins expressed during Blanc du Bois grape berry green and ripening stages, proteome analysis from five different stages revealed 1091, 1131, 1078, 1042, and 1066 proteins. Differential expression analysis revealed 551 common proteins across different stages of maturity that are involved in various biochemical and metabolic pathways. The proteins identified were associated with phenylpropanoids, isoquinoline alkaloids, fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids, and furanones. Our data provide the first step to understand the complex biochemical changes during ripening of PD‐tolerant American hybrid grapes that are popular for their aroma and flavor profile in the southeastern United States. Proteomics data are deposited to the ProteomeXchange PXD004157.
Signed‐For Delivery in the Mitochondrial Matrix: Confirming Uptake into Mitochondria
Authors: Hoogewijs Kurt , James Andrew M. , Murphy Michael P. , Lightowlers Robert N. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMitochondria are best known for their ability to provide energy in the form of an elevated ATP/ADP ratio to the cell via oxidative phosphorylation, and impairment of mitochondrial ATP production can lead to a variety of diseases. For many of these disorders, caused by mutations in the mtDNA, classical gene therapy or gene‐editing techniques are not possible due to the difficulty of importing nucleic acids into the mitochondrial matrix where the aberrant genes are transcribed. Technical progress in this field has been severely hampered by the inability to correctly determine whether uptake into the mitochondrial matrix of nucleic acids and related oligomers has occurred. Here, the methods that have been used to determine translocation of macromolecules into mitochondria in the past are described, and some recent developments in the field are discussed.