bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing fishery and ecological consequences of alternate management options for multispecies fisheries
Authors: Thorpe Robert Brian , Dolder Paul James , Reeves Stuart , Robinson Peter , Jennings Simon 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDemands for management advice on mixed and multispecies fisheries pose many challenges, further complicated by corresponding requests for advice on the environmental impacts of alternate management options. Here, we develop, and apply to North Sea fisheries, a method for collectively assessing the effects of, and interplay between, technical interactions, multispecies interactions, and the environmental effects of fishing. Ecological interactions involving 21 species are characterized with an ensemble of 188 plausible parameterizations of size-based multispecies models, and four fleets (beam trawl, otter trawl, industrial, and pelagic) characterized with catch composition data. We use the method to evaluate biomass and economic yields, alongside the risk of stock depletion and changes in the value of community indicators, for 10 000 alternate fishing scenarios (combinations of rates of fishing mortality F and fleet configuration) and present the risk vs. reward trade-offs. Technical and multispecies interactions linked to the beam and otter trawl fleets were predicted to have the strongest effects on fisheries yield and value, risk of stock collapse and fish community indicators. Increasing beam trawl effort led to greater increases in beam trawl yield when otter trawl effort was low. If otter trawl effort was high, increases in beam trawl effort led to reduced overall yield. Given the high value of demersal species, permutations of fleet effort leading to high total yield (generated primarily by pelagic species) were not the same as permutations leading to high catch values. A transition from F for 1990 to 2010 to FMSY, but without changes in fleet configuration, reduced risk of stock collapse without affecting long-term weight or value of yield. Our approach directly addresses the need for assessment methods that treat mixed and multispecies issues collectively, address uncertainty, and take account of trade-offs between weight and value of yield, state of stocks and state of the environment.
Discovery of periodic and alternating flares of the methanol and water masers in G107.298+5.639
Authors: Szymczak M. , Olech M. , Wolak P. , Bartkiewicz A. , Gawroński M. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Methanol and water vapour masers are signposts of early stages of high-mass star formation but it is generally thought that due to different excitation processes they probe distinct parts of stellar environments. Here we present observations of the intermediate-mass young stellar object G107.298+5.639, revealing for the first time that 34.4 d flares of the 6.7 GHz methanol maser emission alternate with flares of individual features of the 22 GHz water maser. High angular resolution data reveal that a few components of both maser species showing periodic behaviour coincide in position and velocity and all the periodic water maser components appear in the methanol maser region of size of 360 au. The maser flares could be caused by variations in the infrared radiation field induced by cyclic accretion instabilities in a circumstellar or protobinary disc. The observations do not support either the stellar pulsations or the seed photon flux variations as the underlying mechanisms of the periodicity in the source.
Trends in long-term opioid prescribing in primary care patients with musculoskeletal conditions: an observational database study
Authors: Bedson John , Chen Ying , Hayward Richard A. , Ashworth Julie , Walters Kate , Dunn Kate M. , Jordan Kelvin P. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Long-term opioids may benefit patients with chronic pain but have also been linked to harmful outcomes. In the United Kingdom, the predominant source of opioids is primary care prescription. The objective was to examine changes in the incidence, length, and opioid potency of long-term prescribing episodes for musculoskeletal conditions in UK primary care (2002-2013). This was an observational database study (Clinical Practice Research Datalink, 190 practices). Participants (≥18 years) were prescribed an opioid for a musculoskeletal condition (no opioid prescribed in previous 6 months), and issued ≥2 opioid prescriptions within 90 days (long-term episode). Opioids were divided into short- and long-acting noncontrolled and controlled drugs. Annual incidence of long-term opioid episodes was determined, and for those still in a long-term episode, the percentage of patients prescribed each type 1 to 2 years, and >2 years after initiation. Annual denominator population varied from 1.25 to 1.38 m. A total of 76,416 patients started 1 long-term episode. Annual long-term episode incidence increased (2002-2009) by 38% (42.4-58.3 per 10,000 person-years), remaining stable to 2011, then decreasing slightly to 55.8/10,000 (2013). Patients prescribed long-acting controlled opioids within the first 90 days of long-term use increased from 2002 to 2013 (2.3%-9.9%). In those still in a long-term opioid episode (>2 years), long-acting controlled opioid prescribing increased from 3.5% to 22.6%. This study has uniquely shown an increase in prescribing long-term opioids to 2009, gradually decreasing from 2011 in the United Kingdom. The trend was towards increased prescribing of controlled long-acting opioids and earlier use. Further research into the risks and benefits of opioids is required.
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and dental erosions in adults: influence of acidified food intake and impact on quality of life
Authors: Milani Daiane C. , Venturini Ana Paula C. , Callegari-Jacques Sidia M. , Fornari Fernando 
Published: March 2016

Background and aim
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) and dental erosions (DE) have an established association. We assessed whether GORD is associated with DE controlling for acidified food intake and their relationships with quality of life (QOL).

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, 419 adult patients who sought dentistry consultation were considered eligible. Patients responded to questionnaires for GORD symptoms, acidified food ingestion and World Health Organization quality of life (WHOQOL Bref), followed by an oral examination, in which DE were characterized according to the Smith & Knight criteria.

Results
A total of 417 patients were included (43.8±13.7 years; 68.8% women). There were 143 patients with GORD (34.3%) and 274 controls without GORD. The prevalence of DE was higher in GORD patients compared with the controls (25.9 vs. 17.2%; P=0.041). GORD was associated with DE after adjusting for acidified food intake (P=0.035), with a prevalence ratio of 1.52 (0.95 confidence interval 1.03–2.22). The WHOQOL Bref score was significantly lower in the presence of GORD [median 17.2 (GORD−DE−) vs. 15.4 (GORD+DE+); P<0.01], irrespective of DE.

Conclusion
In adults examined in a referential dentistry centre in South America, DE were prevalent and significantly associated with GORD. This association was independent of the intake of acidified food in our study. Impairment in QOL was observed in GORD patients irrespective of the presence of DE.
Characteristics and outcome of patients presenting to the emergency department after autologous/allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Spoerl Silvia , Hendlmeier Claudia , Hapfelmeier Alexander , Wildgruber Moritz , Schmid Roland M. , Peschel Christian , Saugel Bernd 
Published: March 2016

Introduction
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantations are still associated with a high risk of complications. Here, we characterize patients after autologous or allogeneic transplantation presenting to the emergency department and investigate factors associated with patients’ outcome after hospitalization.

Methods
Patients who had previously undergone autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplantation were included in this study and data were collected retrospectively. We analyzed patients’ characteristics and outcome, and identified factors associated with outcome.

Results
A total of 35% of presenting autologous and 52% of allogeneic patients were hospitalized for more than 7 days. In-hospital mortality was 4% (autologous) and 11% (allogeneic patients). In patients with a history of autologous transplantation, multivariate analysis indicated radiologic signs of pneumonia as an independent factor associated with the endpoint ‘hospitalization of more than 7 days’ (P<0.001). Furthermore, in multivariate analysis, C-reactive protein levels greater than 5 mg/l (P=0.006), low hemoglobin (P=0.002), and radiologic signs of pneumonia (P=0.004) were associated independently with an increase in the endpoint ‘total duration of hospitalization’. In patients with a history of allogeneic transplantation, multivariate analysis indicated radiologic signs of pneumonia (P<0.001) and graft-versus-host-disease (P=0.006) to be associated independently with the endpoint ‘hospitalization of more than 7 days’. Furthermore, radiologic signs of pneumonia were associated independently with the endpoints ‘ICU treatment’ (P<0.001), the ‘total duration of hospitalization’ (P<0.001), and ‘in-hospital mortality’ (P=0.002). A low platelet count was associated independently with an increase in the endpoint ‘duration of hospitalization’ (P=0.001).

Conclusion
Radiologic signs of pneumonia were associated independently with worse clinical outcomes including hospitalization, the need for ICU treatment, and death.
The Abbreviated Mental Test 4 for cognitive screening of older adults presenting to the Emergency Department
Authors: Dyer Adam H. , Briggs Robert , Nabeel Shamis , O’Neill Desmond , Kennelly Sean P. 
Published: March 2016

Objectives
A commonly cited reason for the infrequent detection of cognitive impairment in the Emergency Department (ED) is the lack of an appropriate screening tool. The Abbreviated Mental Test 4 (AMT4) is a brief instrument recommended for cognitive screening of older adults in the ED. However, its exact utility in the detection of altered mental status in the ED is yet to be fully determined.

Methods
The present study evaluated the ability of the AMT4 to identify impaired mental status in the ED, defined as positive scores on either the Confusion Assessment Method-ICU for delirium, the standardized Mini Mental State Examination as a general cognitive screener or the Eight-item Interview to Differentiate Aging and Dementia for dementia.

Results
Of 196 adults at least 70 years of age (mean: 78.5±5.9), the AMT4 had a sensitivity of 0.53 (0.42–0.63) and a specificity of 0.96 (0.89–0.99) for impaired mental status in the ED. The AMT4 was positive in almost all patients (92%; 24/26) screening positive for delirium, but less than half (47.8%; 22/46) of those screening positive for probable dementia, and less than a quarter (22.2%; 6/27) of those screening positive for probable cognitive impairment.

Conclusion
The present study found that the limited sensitivity of the AMT4 in identifying the majority of cognitively impaired persons restricts its use in isolation as a general cognitive screener in the ED.
Notions of similarity for computational biology models
Authors: Henkel Ron , Hoehndorf Robert , Kacprowski Tim , Knüpfer Christian , Liebermeister Wolfram , Waltemath Dagmar 
Published: March 2016

AbstractComputational models used in biology are rapidly increasing in complexity, size, and numbers. To build such large models, researchers need to rely on software tools for model retrieval, model combination, and version control. These tools need to be able to quantify the differences and similarities between computational models. However, depending on the specific application, the notion of “similarity” may greatly vary. A general notion of model similarity, applicable to various types of models, is still missing. Here, we introduce a general notion of quantitative model similarities, survey the use of existing model comparison methods in model building and management, and discuss potential applications of model comparison. To frame model comparison as a general problem, we describe a theoretical approach to defining and computing similarities based on different model aspects. Potentially relevant aspects of a model comprise its references to biological entities, network structure, mathematical equations and parameters, and dynamic behaviour. Future similarity measures could combine these model aspects in flexible, problem-specific ways in order to mimic users’ intuition about model similarity, and to support complex model searches in databases.
CHITOSAN FROMPortunus PelagicusIN THE SYNTHESIS OF REDUCED GOLD NANOPARTICLE AS POTENTIAL CARRIER FOR THE DELIVERY OF ERYTHROPOIETIN
Authors: Duque Maria Angelica M. , Tiozon Rhowell N. , Nueva España Rebecca C. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractNanotechnology and its promises for clinical translation to targeted drug delivery with limited accompanying toxicity provide exciting research opportunities that demands multidisciplinary approaches. The colloidal metallic systems have been recently investigated in the area of nanomedicine. Gold nanoparticles have found themselves useful for diagnostics and drug delivery applications. In this study, we have reported a novel method for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles using natural, biocompatible and biodegradable chitosan which came from deacetylating chitin from Portunus Pelagicus. It serves many purposes, as a reducing agent, stabilizer and absorption and penetration enhancer.Erythropoietin would have high loading efficiency with chitosan reduced gold nanoparticles; the binding is predominantly through hydrogen bonding. Chitosan reduced gold nanoparticles improve the pharmacodynamics and cellular uptake of Erythropoietin across mucosal sites and have immunoadjuvant properties.There is almost 50 % shell waste in crustacean industry. It is resourceful if it would be bioconverted. The process of bioconversion is deproteination, demineralization and deacetylation to obtain chitosan. In synthesizing gold nanoparticles, 1.48 × 10−2M chloroauric acid will be reduced by heating for 15 minutes in 100mL chitosan solution prepared in 1% acetic acid to yield a ruby-red solution. Erythropoietin would be loaded into it and will undergo 13,000rpm of centrifuge followed by calculating the loading efficiency.
Whole Genome Analysis of 132Clinical Saccharomyces cerevisiaeStrains Reveals Extensive Ploidy Variation
Authors: Zhu Yuan O. , Sherlock Gavin , Petrov Dmitri A. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTBudding yeast has undergone several independent transitions from commercial to clinical lifestyles. The frequency of such transitions suggests that clinical yeast strains are derived from environmentally available yeast populations, including commercial sources. However, despite their important role in adaptive evolution, the prevalence of polyploidy and aneuploidy has not extensively analyzed in clinical strains. In this study, we have looked for patterns governing the transition to clinical invasion in the largest screen of clinical yeast isolates to date. In particular, we have focused on the hypothesis that ploidy changes have influenced adaptive processes. We sequenced 145 yeast strains, 132 of which are clinical isolates. We found pervasive large-scale genomic variation in both overall ploidy (34% of strains identified as 3n/4n) and individual chromosomal copy numbers (36% of strains identified as aneuploid). We also found evidence for the highly dynamic nature of yeasts genomes, with 35 strains showing partial chromosomal copy number changes and 8 strains showing multiple independent chromosomal events. Intriguingly, a lineage identified to be baker/commercial derived with a unique damaging mutation inNDC80was particularly prone to polyploidy, with 83% of its members being triploid or tetraploid. Polyploidy was in turn associated with a >2x increase in aneuploidy rates as compared to other lineages. This dataset provides a rich source of information of the genomics of clinical yeast strains and highlights the potential importance of large-scale genomic copy variation in yeast adaptation.
The personalization-privacy paradox: implications for new media
Authors: Aguirre Elizabeth , Roggeveen Anne L. , Grewal Dhruv , Wetzels Martin 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– This paper aims to investigate personalized communications through digital media, which include display, search, social and mobile communications.Design/methodology/approach– Drawing on the literature pertaining to different digital mediums, the authors explore how different factors influence consumers’ responses to personalized communications. The current study integrates and reviews prior literature related to personalization, seeking a richer understanding of when personalized communications improve or hinder customer–firm interactions.Findings– Personalization can both enhance and diminish consumer engagement with the firm: it may heighten privacy concerns because consumers worry about how their data are collected and used, and it can also benefit them in meaningful ways. Thus, firms must use the information that they collect in a strategic manner to balance this personalization-privacy paradox. This paper finds that the benefits of personalization may vary as a function of the medium through which the communication is conveyed. It suggests directions for research in each of these media and strategies firms can implement to mitigate privacy concerns.Originality/value– This investigation of emerging themes related to search, display, social and mobile communications provides a more comprehensive overview of current research, as well as a foundation for further research into personalization.
Integration of institutional repositories and e-learning platforms for supporting disabled students in the higher education context
Authors: Skourlas Christos , Tsolakidis Anastasios , Belsis Petros , Vassis Dimitris , Kampouraki Argyrw , Kakoulidis Panos , Giannakopoulos Georgios A. 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– Institutional repositories (IR) are usually used to archive and manage digital collections including research results, educational material, etc. Learning management systems (LMS) form a popular basis for e-learning and blended learning. This paper aims to study how to integrate IR and LMS to support accessibility of disabled students and students with learning difficulties (dyslexic students) in higher education. Customised ontologies focusing on disabled students can be used to facilitate indexing, and access of items in the repository.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors propose a simple methodological approach to establish an integrating system for supporting accessibility. First, the authors review research works related to adaptive learning environments (ALEs) and blended learning, and discuss issues of the interoperability of IR and LMS. Then, based on the review, the authors discuss the use of an integrated ALE for supporting disabled students in the domain of higher technological education. The integrated system is based on IR, LMS and assistive and adaptive technology. The open source software platform DSpace is used to build up the repository applications Use of the web ontology language (OWL) ontologies is also proposed for indexing and accessing the various, heterogeneous items stored in the repository. Various open source LMS (e.g. openeclass) could be used to build up the integrated system. Finally, the authors describe experimentation with a prototype implemented to provide the mentioned capabilities.

Findings
– The technology is mature enough for building up integrated systems, combining capabilities of IR and LMS, for supporting disabled students. The use of ontologies focused on disabled students could facilitate the use of such integrated systems. Customisation and operation of a platform, for the selection and use of portions of OWL ontologies, could be based on the open source software Protégé. Such a platform forms a basis to create an appropriate ontology suitable for specific domains, e.g. the domain of technological education. Finally, the authors argue that the combined use of the OWL platform and the DSpace repository with open source LMS platforms could support domain experts for creating customised ontologies and facilitating searching.

Originality/value
– A new perception of the term integrated system for supporting disabled students in the higher education context is presented. This perception tries to combine the IR technology that supports the self-archiving approach of information, open LMS technology and the user-centred approach to support students and manage the “life of information”.
Dietary habit and other lifestyles and serum lipid profile of type 2 diabetes patients
Authors: Chikwere Prince , Annan Reginald Adjetey 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper was to review evidence spanning the relation of dietary habits and other lifestyles to the lipid profile of type 2 diabetes patients.

Design/methodology/approach
– Search was done in PubMed, Biomed, Cochrane and Nutrition and Metabolism databases from 20 to 29 June 2013 for studies published on dietary intakes and lifestyle effect on lipid profile of type 2 diabetes patients.

Findings
– A total of 54 studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. These included observational, randomized control trials, prospective, cross-sectional and retrospective studies. Studies obtained covered macronutrients, micronutrients, dietary pattern, specific foods and lifestyle (alcohol intake, smoking, physical activity level and fasting).

Research limitations/implications
– The review did not consider unpublished articles/findings, and only studies in the English language and on humans were considered.

Practical implications
– The results of the review evidenced limited data on the lifestyle pattern of type 2 diabetes patients.

Social implications
– Dietary habits and other lifestyle patterns for a good lipid profile among type 2 diabetes patients have not been established.

Originality/value
– The review demonstrates the need for studies in dietary pattern and other lifestyle patterns in relation to lipid profile of type 2 diabetes patients.
Extracts of red peppers: antioxidant activity and sensory evaluation
Authors: Jorge Neuza , Veronezi Carolina Médici , Pereira Danusa Cassiano 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– This study aims to deal with the evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of lyophilized hydroalcoholic extracts of red peppers in natura. Furthermore, preference was evaluated for the taste and color of soybean oil added red pepper extracts.

Design/methodology/approach
– The antioxidant capacity was determined by four methods. The content of phenolic compounds, carotenoids and ascorbic acid in the extracts was determined by chromatographic, spectrophotometric and titration methods, respectively.

Findings
– The results showed that the highest antioxidant capacity was found in Malagueta pepper extract through reducing power (FRAP) method. In this same extract, high amount of phenolic compounds was found. However, the extracts of Bode and Dedo-de-moça peppers had higher amounts of carotenoids and ascorbic acid, respectively. Sensorially, the oil added extracts were preferred.

Practical implications
– Red peppers are very popular and consumed worldwide, besides being constituted of important phytochemicals. Results showed high antioxidant activity in the extracts of peppers, and high content of phenolic compounds, carotenoids and ascorbic acid mainly in chili. This study highlights the importance of the extracts of red peppers, genus Capsicum, as a source of antioxidants, in addition to vegetable oils.

Originality/value
– It is important to check the acceptance of the application of extract in vegetable oil, so it can be marketed as a natural antioxidant. This study provides valuable information about the antioxidant capacity of extracts of red peppers and its acceptance.