bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of mortality and functional outcome from status epilepticus and independent external validation of STESS and EMSE scores
Authors: Kang Bong Su , Kim Dong Wook , Kim Kwang Ki , Moon Hye Jin , Kim Young-Soo , Kim Hyun Kyung , Lee Seo-Young , Koo Yong Seo , Shin Jung-Won , Moon Jangsup , Sunwoo Jun-Sang , Byun Jung-Ick , Cho Yong Won , Jung Ki-Young , Chu Kon , Lee Sang Kun 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Background
Two clinical scoring systems, the status epilepticus severity score (STESS) and the epidemiology-based mortality score in status epilepticus (EMSE), are used to predict mortality in patients with status epilepticus (SE). The aim of this study was to compare the outcome-prediction function of the two scoring systems regarding in-hospital mortality using a multicenter large cohort of adult patients with SE. Moreover, we studied the potential role of these two scoring systems in predicting the functional outcome in patients with SE.

Methods
The SE cohort consisted of patients from the epilepsy centers of eight academic tertiary medical centers in South Korea. The clinical and electroencephalography data for all adult patients with SE from January 2013 to December 2014 were derived from a prospective SE database. The primary outcome variable was defined as in-hospital death. The secondary outcome variable was defined as a poor functional outcome, i.e., a score of 1–3 on the Glasgow Outcome Scale, at discharge.

Results
Among the 120 non-hypoxic patients with SE recruited into the study, 16 (13.3 %) died in the hospital and 64 (53.3 %) were discharged with a poor functional outcome. The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve for prediction of in-hospital death based on the STESS had an area under the curve of 0.673 with an optimal cutoff value for discrimination (best match for both sensitivity (0.56) and specificity (0.70)) that was ≥4 points. The two combinations of elements of the EMSE system (EMSE-ALDEg and EMSE-ECLEg) predicted not only in-hospital mortality with the best match for sensitivity (more than 0.6) and specificity (more than 0.6), but also a poor functional outcome with the best match for both sensitivity (>0.7) and specificity (>0.6). STESS did not predict a poor functional outcome (area under the ROC, 0.581; P = 0.23).

Conclusion
Although the EMSE is a clinical scoring system that focuses on individual mortality, we did not find differences between the EMSE and STESS in the prediction of in-hospital death. The EMSE was useful in predicting poor functional outcome, as it was significantly better than STESS.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Children: Does Modified Platinum- and Doxorubicin-Based Chemotherapy Increase Tumor Resectability and Change Outcome? Lessons Learned From the SIOPEL 2 and 3 Studies
Authors: Murawski Maciej , Weeda Víola B. , Maibach Rudolf , Morland Bruce , Roebuck Derek J. , Zimmerman Arthur , Casanova Michela , Perilongo Giorgio , Laithier Veronique , Kebudi Rejin , Scopinaro Marcelo J. , Shun Albert , Brichard Benedicte , de Camargo Beatriz , Childs Margaret , Aronson Daniel C. , Czauderna Piotr 
Published: January 2016

Introduction The aim of this article is to present an experience of two prospective studies from the International Childhood Liver Tumor Strategy Group (SIOPEL 2 [S2] and SIOPEL [S3]) trials and to evaluate whether modified platinum- and doxorubicin-based chemotherapy is capable of increasing tumor resectability and changing patient outcomes. Methods Between 1995 and 2006, 20 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were included in the S2 trial and 70 were included in the S3 trial. Eighty-five patients remained evaluable. Results Response to preoperative chemotherapy was observed in 29 of 72 patients (40%) who did not have primary surgery, whereas 13 patients underwent upfront surgery. Thirty-three patients had a delayed resection. Thirty-nine tumors never became resectable. Complete tumor resection was achieved in 34 patients (40%), including seven of those treated with liver transplantation (LTX). After a median follow-up period of 75 months, 63 patients (74%) had an event (a progression during treatment, a relapse after treatment, or death from any cause). Sixty patients died. Twenty-three of 46 patients (50%) who underwent tumor resection died. Eighteen of 27 patients (63%) with complete tumor resection (without LTX) and 20 of 34 patients (59%) with LTX survived. Only one of seven patients (14%) with microscopically involved margins survived. Overall survival at 5 years was 22%. Conclusion Survival in pediatric HCC is more likely when complete tumor resection can be achieved. Intensification of platinum agents in the S2 and S3 trials has not resulted in improved survival. New treatment approaches in pediatric HCC should be postulated.
Where was the Magura Ocean?
Authors: Oszczypko Nestor , Ślączka Andrzej , Oszczypko-Clowes Marta , Olszewska Barbara 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
In the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous palaeogeography of the Alpine Tethys the term Ocean is used for different parts of these sedimentary areas: eg. Ligurian – Piedmont and Penninic, Magura, Pieniny, Valais and Ceahlau-Severins oceans. The Magura Ocean occupied the more northern position in the Alpine-Carpathian arc. During the Late Cretaceous–Paleogene tectono-sedimentary evolution the Magura Ocean was transformed into several (Magura, Dukla, Silesian, sub-Silesian and Skole) basins and intrabasinal source area ridges now incorporated into the Outer Western Carpathians.
Compaction of lignite: a review of methods and results
Authors: Widera Marek 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe published peat:coal compaction ratios range from 1.1:1 to 60:1 and from 1.1:1 to 11:1 for lignites. These probably represent realistic end-member values for the degree of compaction during the transformation of peat into lignite and then to coal. Hence, in many cases, the obtained values of the compaction ratio are under- or overestimated with reference to the entire coal seam.This study focuses on the changes of thickness between a peat bed and the resulting lignite seam. The fundamental question is how many times the thickness of the peat bed, prior to covering the mire by the overburden, was greater than the present-day thickness of the lignite seam.The majority of methods reported in this paper cannot be used directly to quantify the amount of compaction of the lignite seam. In this context, the only category of methods which allow a direct estimation of the peat:lignite compaction ratio are the so-called stratigraphic methods. Therefore, based on comparison of the initial peat bed thickness with lignite seam thickness, the most accurate peat:lignite compaction ratio ranges from 2:1 to 4:1.
Application of the Handysurf E-35B electronic profilometer for the study of weathering micro-relief in glacier forelands in SE Iceland
Authors: Dąbski Maciej 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis article presents the results of weathering micro-roughness measurements performed with the use of a Handy-surf E-35B electronic profilometer, a new tool in geomorphological studies. Measurements were performed on glacially abraded basaltic surfaces within the Little Ice Age (LIA) glacial forelands of Hoffelsjökull, Fláajökull, Skálafellsjökull and Virkisjökull in Iceland. Results show a statistical increase in micro-roughness in a direction from the glacial termini to LIA moraines. However, a major change in the micro-roughness of basaltic surfaces only occurs during the first 80 to 100 years since the onset of subaerial weathering. Increase in rock surface micro-roughness is accompanied by an increase in weathering rind thickness and a decrease in Schmidt hammer R-values. Micro-roughness measurements with the use of the Handysurf E-35B can provide insights into initial rates of rock surface micro-relief development. The use of this instrument as a relative dating technique is limited to fine-grained rocks and decadal time-scales of weathering because of the limited range of measureable micro-relief amplitude.
Effect of pH, ultrasound frequency and power density on the release of calcein from stealth liposomes
Authors: Ahmed Salma E. , Moussa Hesham G. , Martins Ana M. , Al-Sayah Mohammad H. , Husseini Ghaleb A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe use of liposomes as carriers for chemotherapeutic agents in combination with ultrasound as a stimulus to control the time and space of the drug release is a promising approach for cancer treatment, as it can reduce the side effects caused by conventional chemotherapy. This in vitro study investigated the triggered release of calcein from stealth (PEGylated) and non-stealth (non-PEGylated) liposomes, using ultrasound at low (20 kHz) and high (1 and 3 MHz) frequencies, and at different power densities. Release was monitored by the increase in fluorescence due to relieving of calcein’s self-quenching upon dilution when the model drug leaks out of the liposomes. The results showed that, independent of the power density, the release was highest at 20 kHz. For the same frequency, release usually increased with increasing power densities. Additionally, for release at 20 kHz, a comparison was done for PEGylated and non-PEGylated liposomes, at two pH values: 5.2 and 7.4. The results were then compared to previously published studies. In all cases, the mechanism of release seems to involve cavitation events that either pierce a hole in or shear open the liposomes, as all the determined power densities are above the transient cavitation threshold.
New mutations in SERPING1 gene of Brazilian patients with hereditary angioedema
Authors: Cagini Nathália , Veronez C.L. , Constantino-Silva R.N. , Buzolin Márcia , Martin Renan Paulo , Grumach A.S. , Velloso Lício Augusto , Mansour Eli , Pesquero João Bosco 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Hereditary Angioedema is an autosomal dominant inherited disease leading to oedema attacks with variable severity and localization predominantly caused by C1-INH deficit. More than 400 mutations have been already identified, however no genetic analysis of a Brazilian cohort of HAE patients with C1-INH deficiency has been published. Our aim was to perform genetic analysis of C1-INH gene (SERPING1) in Brazilian HAE patients. We screened the whole SERPING1 coding region from 30 subjects out of 16 unrelated families with confirmed diagnosis of HAE due to C1-INH deficiency. Clinical diagnosis was based on symptoms and quantitative and/or functional analysis of C1-INH. We identified fifteen different mutations among which eight were not previously described according to databases. We found five small deletions (c.97_115del19; c.553delG; c.776_782del7; c.1075_1089del15 and c.1353_1354delGA), producing frameshifts leading to premature stop codons; seven missense mutations (c.498C>A; c.550G>C; c.752T>C; c.889G>A; c.1376C>A; c.1396C>T; c.1431C>A); one nonsense mutation (c.1480C>T), and two intronic alterations (c.51+1G>T; c.51+2T>C). Despite the small number of participants in this study, our results show mutations not previously identified in SERPING1 gene. This study represents the first Brazilian HAE cohort evaluated for mutations and it introduces the possibility to perform genetic analysis in case of need for differential diagnosis.
Effects of Extrusion–Shear Process Conditions on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Hu H.J. , Li Y.Y. , Wang X. , Zhang D.F. , Yang M.B. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn this paper, the effects of extrusion–shear (ES) on the microstructures and mechanical properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy has been studied, which has been achieved by conducting a lot of experiments and tests, including ES process, direct extrusion with different billet temperatures, microstructure analysis, hardness test, tensile & compression tests. The results show that the ES-processed rods has higher strengths (yield strength and tensile strength) than the direct extrusion ones with the same billet temperature, which contributed to their lower averaged grain size obtained from microstructure analysis according to Hall–Petch relation. Besides, the hardness of ES-processed AZ31 magnesium alloy decreases with the increasing of billet temperature. By comparing the two processes, it can be seen that the ES process could refine the microstructure and improve the mechanical properties of magnesium alloy.
Mission Creep The Emerging Role of International Investment Agreements in Sovereign Debt Restructuring
Authors: Thrasher Rachel D. , Gallagher Kevin P. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe global community still lacks a regime for sovereign debt restructuring (SDR). However, the recent financial crisis has spawned numerous efforts to fill this glaring gap in global economic governance. At the same time however, there is increasing concern that international investment agreements (IIAs) have already begun to expand their reach into the realm of SDR. Indeed, private investors have attempted to use IIAs to recoup the full value of their bonds in order to circumvent debt restructurings in Argentina and Greece. In this paper we examine the extent to which IIAs are becoming tools for creditors to circumvent debt restructurings and whether new IIAs such as the Trans-Pacific Partnership and the Trans-Atlantic Trade and Investment Partnership will further advance the ability of creditors to do so. We find that contemporary IIAs are increasingly interpreting sovereign bonds as being under their jurisdiction. Thus, debt restructurings may be increasingly subject to claims filed by holdout creditors wishing to recoup the full value of their bonds through private tribunals under IIAs. That said, we also find that some treaties have begun to provide exceptions for certain types of debt restructurings. While such safeguards are a step in the right direction, they will need to become broader in scope and more widespread in application in order to not interfere with the orderly workout of debt problems in the world economy.
The new realist ontology
Authors: Flögel Franz 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Financial geographers utilise realist economic and rather anti-realist sociologic theories. Yet, theories from both traditions seem to contradict each other metatheoretically. The new realist ontology promises to settle this metatheoretical contradiction by preserving the realist claim on trueness with the concept of fields of sense without rejecting the plurality of human perspectives. This paper exemplarily demonstrates that realist and rather anti-realist theories accord with the new realist ontology. Further, using an empirical example of bank-based small-firm lending it illustrates that the combined use of theories from both traditions advances our understanding of modern finance.
Synthesis and characterization of Cu(II)-halide 1-methylimidazole complexes
Authors: Hörmannsdorfer Michael , Kahl Ulrike , Nilges Tom 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Three new complexes of Cu(II) halides (Cl, Br) with 1-methylimidazole (MIm), [Cu(MIm)4]Br2 (1), [Cu(MIm)4Br]Br · H2O (2), and [Cu(MIm)6]Cl2 · 2H2O (3) have been synthesized in ethanol. Their crystal structures have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. FT-IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and thermal analyses were applied to characterize the compounds.
Combinatorial Cis-regulation in Saccharomyces Species
Authors: Spivak Aaron T , Stormo Gary D 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Transcriptional control of gene expression requires interactions between the cis-regulatory elements (CREs) controlling gene promoters. We developed a sensitive computational method to identify CRE combinations with conserved spacing that does not require genome alignments. When applied to seven sensu stricto and sensu lato Saccharomyces species, 80% of the predicted interactions displayed some evidence of combinatorial transcriptional behavior in several existing datasets including: (1) chromatin immunoprecipitation data for colocalization of transcription factors, (2) gene expression data for coexpression of predicted regulatory targets, and (3) gene ontology databases for common pathway membership of predicted regulatory targets. We tested several predicted CRE interactions with chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments in a wild-type strain and strains in which a predicted cofactor was deleted. Our experiments confirmed that transcription factor (TF) occupancy at the promoters of the CRE combination target genes depends on the predicted cofactor while occupancy of other promoters is independent of the predicted cofactor. Our method has the additional advantage of identifying regulatory differences between species. By analyzing the S. cerevisiae and S. bayanus genomes, we identified differences in combinatorial cis-regulation between the species and showed that the predicted changes in gene regulation explain several of the species-specific differences seen in gene expression datasets. In some instances, the same CRE combinations appear to regulate genes involved in distinct biological processes in the two different species. The results of this research demonstrate that (1) combinatorial cis-regulation can be inferred by multi-genome analysis and (2) combinatorial cis-regulation can explain differences in gene expression between species.
Repair of dentin defects from DSPP knockout mice by PILP mineralization
Authors: Nurrohman Hamid , Saeki Kunkio , Carneiro Karina M.M. , Chien Yung-Ching , Djomehri Sabra , Ho Sunita P. , Qin Chunlin , Gower Laurie B. , Marshall Sally J. , Marshall Grayson W. , Habelitz Stefan 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The Potential Role of Lysosomal Sequestration in Sunitinib Resistance of Renal Cell Cancer
Authors: Azijli Kaamar , Gotink Kristy J. , Verheul Henk M.W. 
Published: January 2016

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a highly vascularized tumor type, which is often associated with inactivated mutations in the von Hippel-Lindau gene that drives proangiogenic signaling pathways. As such, new therapies for the treatment of RCC have largely been focused on blocking angiogenesis. Sunitinib, an antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is the most frequently used first-line drug for the treatment of RCC. Although treatment with sunitinib improves patient outcome considerably, acquired resistance will emerge in all cases. The molecular mechanisms of resistance to sunitinib are poorly understood, but in the past decade, several of these have been proposed. Lysosomal sequestration of sunitinib was reported as a potential resistance mechanism to sunitinib. In this review, the underlying molecular mechanisms of lysosomal sunitinib sequestration and the potential strategies to overcome this resistance are discussed to be able to further improve the treatment of RCC.
CRACK, CRACK, CRACK: O CRAQUELAR DO SUJEITO EM MEIO A UMA SOCIEDADE PROIBICIONISTA E MORALIZANTE
Authors: Peixoto Rafael Nunes , Lopes da Fonsêca Ludmilla 
Published: January 2016

Este artigo traz algumas reflexões sobre o histórico do consumo de substâncias psicoativas no Brasil, dando ênfase ao Crack. Fazendo uma revisão teórica acerca das legislações brasileiras que versaram sobre o usuário de drogas, analisa o sujeito que consome, e é consumido pelas substâncias psicoativas, através da lógica psicanalítica, utilizando extratos de falas de alguns usuários para bordejar essa análise. Por fim, traz a concepção da política de redução de danos que expressam tendências que vão se constituindo no Brasil como respostas aos problemas relacionados ao complexo fenômeno do consumo de drogas, que para ser implementado precisa do envolvimento e intervenção de uma equipe multiprofissional junto com a ampliação do debate teórico do tema perante a sociedade.
La disputa por México. Gran Bretaña ante los proyectos para establecer un protectorado de Estados Unidos al sur del Bravo
Authors: Terrazas y Basante Marcela 
Published: January 2016

<p>La rivalidad anglo-americana por dominar el hemisferio occidental entró en una nueva etapa en los años que siguieron a la guerra de 1847 . En este contexto, se hizo público el proyecto para establecer un protectorado estadunidense en México que habria puesto en entredicho las supuestas pretensiones de hegemonía británica en la zona. Aquí se investiga la reacción inglesa ante esos designios y se analiza cómo fueron alteradas las políticas de Inglaterra y de Estados Unidos hacia México, a causa de su disputa por el predominio continental</p>
Una mirada al expansionismo estadunidense. La legación francesa en México, 1853-1860
Authors: Duval H. Dolores 
Published: January 2016

<p>Este artículo plantea la percepción de la legación francesa en México sobre el expansionismo estadunidense durante el periodo de 1853 a 1860, y aborda particularmente aquellos aspectos de las relaciones mexicano-estadunidenses que,<br />segun la legación , favorecían el fortalecimiento de Estados Unidos y disminuían la preponderancia europea en América. Asimismo, presenta la visión francesa sobre México que antecedió a la intervención napoleónica</p>
Patrones, capataces y trabajadores en la industria gráfica. Un estudio de caso: Ortega y Radaelli, 1901-1921
Authors: Badoza María Silvia 
Published: January 2016

<p>En este estudio se aborda el tránsito de la pequeña producción al taller gráfico moder­no. El análisis esta dirigido a comprender los cambios en la industria y explicar, en ese contexto, las modificaciones en la composi­ción de la mano de obra y los efectos sabre la calificación y el lugar ocupado por los traba­jadores de oficio. Finalrnente se presentan algunas notas sabre el desarrollo de la estra­tegia sindical y el grado de negociación al­canzado con los empresarios en el modo de gestión del ingreso de los obreros.</p>
Derrotero mexicano por las Antillas : mar, islas puertos e intereses estratégicos
Authors: Muñoz Laura 
Published: January 2016

<p>El trabajo analiza la concepción del Golfo de México y del Caribe que ofrece el <em>Derrotero de las Antillas</em>, publicado originalmente en 1810. Este texto contiene las observaciones realizadas por distintos navegantes españoles en sus viajes por la región; en ellas ofrecen descripciones detalladas de corrientes, islas, bancos, bahías y demás puntos geográficos sobresalientes. Su reimpresión en 1825 coincidió con un momento de gran interés del gobierno mexicano por el Caribe debido a los intentos de reconquista de México por España y a la posible independencia de Cuba. En este periodo, al gobierno mexicano también le interesaba aumentar la recaudación de los ingresos aduanales.</p><p> </p>
El Real Fisco de la Inquisición durante la primera mitad del siglo XVIII en Nueva España
Authors: Ruiz Islas Alfredo 
Published: January 2016

<p>La Inquisición novohispana, además de desempeñar sus tareas propias de defensa de la pureza de la fe católica y guardiana de las costumbres, se dedicó, al igual que el resto de las corporaciones religiosas, a desempeñar tareas crediticias. Hasta el momento, los escasos artículos existentes han centrado su atención en las formas jurídicas que posibilitaban los préstamos por parte de las corporaciones y los individuos, olvidando la importancia que reviste el estudio de la estructura administrativa del Tribunal, así como el seguimiento específico de los individuos que pedían dinero al Santo Oficio. El artículo busca subsanar en parte estas deficiencias, así como hacer una revisión somera de la totalidad de las formas que la Inquisición tenía para allegarse de fondos y la manera en que de ellos disponía.</p><p> </p>