bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symposium report: Inaugural Australian Coastal Restoration Symposium
Authors: McLeod Ian M. , Purandare Jemma , Gillies Chris , Smith Adam , Burrows Damien 
Published: January 2018

SummaryGlobally, coastal habitat restoration is growing in recognition as a viable management tool to repair and reinstate valuable coastal habitats and species, such as mangrove and macroalgae forests, salt marshes, seagrass meadows, shellfish and coral reefs (Aronson & Alexander (), Restoration Ecology, 293; Anthony et al. () Nature Ecology and Evolution, 1420; TNC () Caribbean: A revolution to save coral reefs in the Caribbean and beyond). In Australia, there is increasing interest and investment in coastal restoration and habitat conservation, particularly with respect to growing national concerns around habitat loss, coastal inundation and erosion, loss of fisheries and climate change (Maggini et al. () Protecting and restoring habitat to help Australia's threatened species adapt to climate change; GBRMPA () Reef summit sets new course of action for the Great Barrier Reef). This has led to new community of practices being formed for shellfish reef restoration (Shellfish Reef Restoration Network shellfishrestoration.org.au), seagrass restoration (Seagrass Restoration Network seagrassrestoration.net), and saltmarsh and mangrove (Saltmarsh and Mangrove Network, amsn.net.au) conservation. However, despite this interest, there has been no national coordination, network or society with coastal restoration as a primary focus. The inaugural Australian Coastal Restoration Symposium brought together 60 Australian restoration practitioners, researchers and managers at James Cook University, Townsville for three days from the 31st of August 2017. The symposium goals were to enhance collaboration and national coordination amongst coastal restoration projects and practitioners, as well as to connect researchers and practitioners working in the restoration space with one another. Three international keynote speakers shared their experiences and advice. Delegates were enthusiastic about continuing to meet at future symposiu, meetings and workshops, and noted the value of being able to connect, share project experiences and learnings, and collaborate. The Australian Coastal Restoration Network has been formed with the goal of meeting annually to continue to share knowledge and improve collaboration. View a video about the symposium by following this link – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lukSpo3mM-4
The divergence of traditional Aboriginal and contemporary fire management practices on Wik traditional lands, Cape York Peninsula, Northern Australia
Authors: Perry Justin J. , Sinclair Melissa , Wikmunea Horace , Wolmby Sidney , Martin David , Martin Bruce 
Published: January 2018

SummaryFire has been a critical component of Aboriginal culture and natural resource management in Australia for millennia. Aboriginal fire management in Northern Australia is widespread and, in some more remote areas, has continued relatively undisrupted despite widespread changes in tenure and land use. For the Wik people of Western Cape York, there has been a continued connection to their culture and traditional lands. Recently, Wik traditional owners have formed a ranger program which has secured funding to manage contemporary land management issues. This includes the landscape‐scale management of fire for biodiversity conservation and greenhouse gas abatement. Because the work is being conducted by Aboriginal people, with consent from traditional owners and on their traditional lands, there is an assumption that the activities are compatible with historical traditional land management and cultural practices. In this study, we use participatory action research to compare contemporary fire management with the current understanding of traditional Aboriginal fire management to assess objectively the compatibility of these two paradigms. We do this by combining the experience and understanding of traditional owners with anthropological and ecological perspectives. We find that contemporary fire management is applied across traditional cultural boundaries using methods such as aerial incendiaries. Financial incentives and contractual obligations associated with fire management are externally driven or include modern considerations such as the protection of infrastructure. In contrast, traditional fire management was the prerogative of traditional owners and was applied at fine scales for specific outcomes. Fire management was governed by rules that determined how people moved across the landscape and how resources were partitioned and shared. Supporting the implementation of Aboriginal burning alongside current fire management practices could lead to significant community engagement in such activities and is likely to have much better biodiversity and social outcomes.
A physiological perspective on fisheries‐induced evolution
Authors: Hollins Jack , Thambithurai Davide , Koeck Barbara , Crespel Amelie , Bailey David M. , Cooke Steven J. , Lindström Jan , Parsons Kevin J. , Killen Shaun S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that intense fishing pressure is not only depleting fish stocks but also causing evolutionary changes to fish populations. In particular, body size and fecundity in wild fish populations may be altered in response to the high and often size‐selective mortality exerted by fisheries. While these effects can have serious consequences for the viability of fish populations, there are also a range of traits not directly related to body size which could also affect susceptibility to capture by fishing gears—and therefore fisheries‐induced evolution (FIE)—but which have to date been ignored. For example, overlooked within the context of FIE is the likelihood that variation in physiological traits could make some individuals within species more vulnerable to capture. Specifically, traits related to energy balance (e.g., metabolic rate), swimming performance (e.g., aerobic scope), neuroendocrinology (e.g., stress responsiveness) and sensory physiology (e.g., visual acuity) are especially likely to influence vulnerability to capture through a variety of mechanisms. Selection on these traits could produce major shifts in the physiological traits within populations in response to fishing pressure that are yet to be considered but which could influence population resource requirements, resilience, species’ distributions and responses to environmental change.
Epistasis confers resistance to Bt toxin Cry1Ac in the cotton bollworm
Authors: Gao Meijing , Wang Ximeng , Yang Yihua , Tabashnik Bruce E. , Wu Yidong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEvolution of resistance by insect pests reduces the benefits of extensively cultivated transgenic crops that produce insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Previous work showed that resistance to Bt toxin Cry1Ac, which is produced by transgenic cotton, can be conferred by mutations disrupting a cadherin protein that binds this Bt toxin in the larval midgut. However, the potential for epistatic interactions between the cadherin gene and other genes has received little attention. Here, we report evidence of epistasis conferring resistance to Cry1Ac in the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, one of the world's most devastating crop pests. Resistance to Cry1Ac in strain LF256 originated from a field‐captured male and was autosomal, recessive, and 220‐fold relative to susceptible strain SCD. We conducted complementation tests for allelism by crossing LF256 with a strain in which resistance to Cry1Ac is conferred by a recessive allele at the cadherin locus HaCad. The resulting F1 offspring were resistant, suggesting that resistance to Cry1Ac in LF256 is also conferred by resistance alleles at this locus. However, the HaCad amino acid sequence in LF256 lacked insertions and deletions, and did not differ consistently between LF256 and a susceptible strain. In addition, most of the cadherin alleles in LF256 were not derived from the field‐captured male. Moreover, Cry1Ac resistance was not genetically linked with the HaCad locus in LF256. Furthermore, LF256 and the susceptible strain were similar in levels of HaCad transcript, cadherin protein, and binding of Cry1Ac to cadherin. Overall, the results imply that epistasis between HaCad and an unknown second locus in LF256 yielded the observed resistance in the F1 progeny from the complementation test. The observed epistasis has important implications for interpreting results of the F1 screen used widely to monitor and analyze resistance, as well as the potential to accelerate evolution of resistance.
Motivating influences and ability‐based outcomes of dental hygiene baccalaureate education in Canada
Authors: Kanji Z , Laronde DM 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundThere is a scarcity of studies on Canadian baccalaureate dental hygienists. As discussions about baccalaureate education for dental hygiene continue on a national level, examining outcomes of earning a dental hygiene degree is paramount.ObjectiveTo investigate the motivating reasons and ability‐based outcomes of earning a Bachelor of Dental Science in Dental Hygiene (BDSc) degree from the University of British Columbia (UBC), Canada.MethodsUBC dental hygiene entry‐to‐practice (ETP) and degree‐completion (DC) graduates (n = 116; 32%) from 1994 to 2016 participated in an online mixed‐methods survey. Survey questions explored motivating reasons for pursuing dental hygiene degree education and abilities gained during their degree.ResultsPrimary reasons for pursuing a degree were personal satisfaction (82%), increasing knowledge base (82%), increasing employment opportunities (78%), status/recognition of a degree (76%), accessing graduate education (68%) and improving critical thinking abilities (61%). For DC graduates, abilities strengthened included enhanced skills for appraising research (92%), enhanced critical thinking and problem‐solving skills (90%), enhanced skills for retrieving scientific information (88%) and increased value for lifelong learning (84%). Enhanced abilities positively influenced client care in the areas of evidence‐based decision‐making, communicating information to clients, and collaborating with other professionals. Overall, 93% of respondents believe a baccalaureate degree should be the ETP credential for dental hygiene because it enhances critical thinking and better prepares graduates for diverse roles in society with more complex populations.ConclusionThe results highlight the impact of baccalaureate education on dental hygiene practice in Canada.
Carboxytherapy for treatment of localized chronic plaque psoriasis: Clinical and histopathologic evaluation
Authors: Kamel Abeer Mostafa , Abdelghani Rania 
Published: January 2018

SummaryBackgroundMultiple treatment options are introduced in treatment of chronic localized plaque psoriasis but with poor adherence and poor patients' satisfaction resulting in poor treatment outcome.ObjectiveIn this pilot study, we investigated the safety and efficacy of carboxytherapy in treatment of chronic localized plaque psoriasis.MethodsThirty adult patients with chronic localized plaque psoriasis were enrolled in this study. The patients received carboxytherapy injection once/week for 8 weeks. Patients were clinically and histpathologically evaluated 2 weeks after the last treatment. Clinical response was evaluated by investigator's global assessment, total sign score, and 5‐point scale for perilesional erythema. We performed 10‐point visual analog scale for patient's satisfaction, and side effects. Three months after the last session we evaluate recurrence using 10‐point scale.ResultsCarboxytherapy achieved treatment success in 26.6% according to investigator's global assessment and total sign score and 70% of the patients demonstrated absence of perilesional erythema. Patients were satisfied with no reported side effects. Recurrence area was within 1% ‐10% of the baseline area in 83.3% of the improved patients.
Global Cerebral Atrophy Detected by Routine Imaging: Relationship with Age, Hippocampal Atrophy, and White Matter Hyperintensities
Authors: Al‐Janabi Omar M. , Panuganti Pradeep , Abner Erin L. , Bahrani Ahmed A. , Murphy Ronan , Bardach Shoshana H. , Caban‐Holt Allison , Nelson Peter T. , Gold Brian T. , Smith Charles D. , Wilcock Donna M. , Jicha Gregory A. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEInterpreting the clinical significance of moderate‐to‐severe global cerebral atrophy (GCA) is a conundrum for many clinicians, who visually interpret brain imaging studies in routine clinical practice. GCA may be attributed to normal aging, Alzheimer's disease (AD), or cerebrovascular disease (CVD). Understanding the relationships of GCA with aging, AD, and CVD is important for accurate diagnosis and treatment decisions for cognitive complaints.METHODSTo elucidate the relative associations of age, moderate‐to‐severe white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), and moderate‐to‐severe medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA), with moderate‐to‐severe GCA, we visually rated clinical brain imaging studies of 325 participants from a community based sample. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the relations of GCA with age, WMH, and MTA.RESULTSThe mean age was 76.2 (±9.6) years, 40.6% were male, and the mean educational attainment was 15.1 (±3.7) years. Logistic regression results demonstrated that while a 1‐year increase in age was associated with GCA (OR = 1.04; P = .04), MTA (OR = 3.7; P < .001), and WMH (OR = 8.80; P < .001) were strongly associated with GCA in our study population. Partial correlation analysis showed that the variance of GCA explained by age is less than the variance attributed to MTA and WMH (r = .13, .21, and .43, respectively).CONCLUSIONSModerate‐to‐severe GCA is most likely to occur in the presence of AD or CVD and should not be solely attributed to age when evaluating clinical imaging findings in the workup of cognitive complaints. Developing optimal diagnostic and treatment strategies for cognitive decline in the setting of GCA requires an understanding of its risk factors in the aging population.
Low crater frequencies and low model ages in lunar maria: Recent endogenic activity or degradation effects?
Authors: Valantinas A. , Kinch K. M. , Bridžius A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRecently a number of studies have identified small lunar geologic structures to be <100 Ma in age using standard remote sensing techniques. Here we present new crater size frequency distributions (CSFDs) and model ages using craters D > 10 m for five small target units: one irregular mare patch (IMP) in Mare Nubium and four regions located on lunar wrinkle ridges in Mare Humorum. For comparison we also date another IMP found in a recent study in Mare Tranquillitatis (Braden et al. ). Absolute model age (AMA) derivation corresponds to 46 ± 5 Ma and 22 ± 1 Ma for Nubium and Sosigenes IMP, respectively. We show that for IMPs and in nearby control mare regions, similar production‐like cumulative log–log SFD slopes of −3 are observed. In contrast, control mare regions in Mare Humorum exhibit shallower equilibrium slopes from −1.83 to −2. Three out of four wrinkle ridges appear to be in equilibrium but with crater lifetimes lower than on the corresponding maria. Low crater frequencies on one wrinkle ridge result in an age of 8.6 ± 1 Ma. This study region contains 80% fresh craters, which suggests that the crater population is still in production indicative of a recent resurfacing event.
Effect of enhanced homestead food production and aquaculture on dietary intakes of women and children in rural Cambodia: A cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Verbowski Vashti , Talukder Zaman , Hou Kroeun , Sok Hoing Ly , Michaux Kristina , Anderson Victoria , Gibson Rosalind , Li Kathy H. , Lynd Larry D. , McLean Judy , Green Tim J. , Barr Susan I. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe Cambodian diet is low in nutrient‐dense animal‐source foods. Enhanced homestead food production (EHFP) and aquaculture, which increase availability of nutrient‐dense foods, are promising interventions to improve dietary intake. This study examined the effect of EHFP with or without aquaculture on dietary intake and prevalence of inadequate intake of select nutrients among women and children living in rural Cambodia, compared to controls. In a registered, cluster randomized controlled trial in Prey Veng, Cambodia, 10 households in each of 90 villages (n = 900) were randomized by village to receive EHFP, EHFP plus aquaculture, or control. After 22‐month intervention, 24‐hr dietary recalls (24HRs) were collected from mothers aged 18–50 years (n = 429) and their children aged 6 months–7 years (n = 421), reported by their mothers. Usual intake distributions (generated using 24HRs and repeat 24HRs on a subsample) were used to estimate prevalence of inadequate intake. Compared to controls, women in the EHFP group had significantly higher zinc (+1.0 mg/d) and Vitamin A (+139 retinol activity equivalents/d) intakes, and women in the EHFP plus aquaculture group had significantly higher iron (+2.7 mg/d), Vitamin A (+191 retinol activity equivalents/d), and riboflavin (+0.17 mg/d) intakes. Women in the EHFP plus aquaculture group also had significantly lower prevalence of inadequate iron (−7%, at 10% bioavailability), Vitamin A (−19%), and riboflavin (−17%) intakes, compared to controls. No significant differences in intakes or nutrient adequacy were observed among children or between EHFP and EHFP plus aquaculture groups. The biological importance of the small differences in nutrient intakes among women remains to be established.
Assessing the abundance of Bristol Bay belugas with genetic mark‐recapture methods
Authors: Citta John J. , O'Corry‐Crowe Gregory , Quakenbush Lori T. , Bryan Anna L. , Ferrer Tatiana , Olson Myra J. , Hobbs Roderick C. , Potgieter Brooke 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe Bristol Bay stock of beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) is genetically distinct and resides in Bristol Bay year‐round. We estimated the abundance of this population using genetic mark‐recapture, whereby genetic markers from skin biopsies, collected between 2002 and 2011, were used to identify individuals. We identified 516 individual belugas in two inner bays, 468 from Kvichak Bay and 48 from Nushagak Bay, and recaptured 75 belugas in separate years. Using a POPAN Jolly‐Seber model, abundance was estimated at 1,928 belugas (95% CI = 1,611–2,337), not including calves, which were not sampled. Most belugas were sampled in Kvichak Bay at a time when belugas are also known to occur in Nushagak Bay. The pattern of genetic recaptures and data from belugas with satellite transmitters suggested that belugas in the two bays regularly mix. Hence, the estimate of abundance likely applies to all belugas within Bristol Bay. Simulations suggested that POPAN estimates of abundance are robust to most forms of emigration, but that emigration causes negative bias in both capture and survival probabilities. Because it is likely that some belugas do not enter the sampling area during sampling, our estimate of abundance is best considered a minimum population size.
Gut microbiota and probiotics: novel immune system modulators in myasthenia gravis?
Authors: Rinaldi Elena , Consonni Alessandra , Guidesi Elena , Elli Marina , Mantegazza Renato , Baggi Fulvio 
Published: January 2018

AbstractGut microorganisms (microbiota) live in symbiosis with the host and influence human nutrition, metabolism, physiology, and immune development and function. The microbiota prevents pathogen infection to the host, and in turn the host provides a niche for survival. The alteration of gut bacteria composition (dysbiosis) could contribute to the development of immune‐mediated diseases by influencing the immune system activation and driving the pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory responses in order to promote or counteract immune reactions. Probiotics are nonpathogenic microorganisms able to interact with the gut microbiota and provide health benefits; their use has recently been exploited to dampen immunological response in several experimental models of autoimmune diseases. Here, we focus on the relationships among commensal bacteria, probiotics, and the gut, describing the main interactions occurring with the immune system and recent data supporting the clinical efficacy of probiotic administration in rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and myasthenia gravis (MG) animal models. The encouraging results suggest that selected strains of probiotics should be evaluated in clinical trials as adjuvant therapy to restore the disrupted tolerance in myasthenia gravis.
Pediatrics and donor‐derived disease transmission: The US OPTN experience
Authors: Green Michael , Covington Shandie , Taranto Sarah , Michaels Marian G. , Wolfe Cameron , Kaul Daniel R. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPDDTE are tracked by the OPTN Ad Hoc DTAC. Specific evaluation of potential transmissions from pediatric deceased donors or the impact of donor‐derived disease transmissions to pediatric organ recipients has not been previously undertaken. PDDTE reported to the DTAC between 2008 and 2013 were reviewed, characterized as proven, probable, possible, IWDT, unlikely, or excluded for both the whole event and each individual recipient. Pediatric donors and recipients were defined as being 0‐17 years of age. Analysis was undertaken to characterize potential disease transmission from pediatric donors to adult or pediatric recipients and also to evaluate potential transmission from all donors to pediatric recipients. P/P cases were further analyzed. A total of 5238 pediatric deceased US donors accounted for 17 456 organ transplants during the study period; 103 PDDTE reports arose from these donors (2.0%). PDDTE were characterized as P/P (15%), possible (13%), IWDT (9%), unlikely, and excluded (63%). Disease was transmitted to 22 of 54 potentially exposed (adult and pediatric) recipients with six attributable deaths. An infectious pathogen accounted for 13/15 of the P/P PDDTE associated with pediatric donors, affecting 19 of 50 potentially exposed recipients and resulting in five deaths. Four separate viral pathogens from six donors accounted for P/P transmissions to 11 recipients with the unanticipated transmission of CMV most common. No pediatric donor transmitted HIV, HBV, or HCV. Bacteria, fungi, and parasites accounted for three (all staphylococci), three (Zygomycetes and Histoplasma), and two (both Toxoplasma) P/P transmissions from seven donors, respectively. From the recipient side, 11/11,188 pediatric recipient deceased and living donor transplants during the study period were associated with a P/P PDDTE (<0.1%) with infectious pathogens accounting for 9/11 P/P events. Infections were split among pathogen categories (bacteria 2, viruses 3, parasites 3, and fungi 1). Reporting rates of PDDTE involving pediatric donors were very low and similar to rates from all donors, with resulting P/P transmissions occurring in only 0.1% of exposed recipients, but transmissions were associated with six deaths. Rates of P/P transmission to pediatric recipients from any donor (<0.1%) were also very low and similar to that of all recipients. Additional studies are needed to compare the pattern and outcome of donor‐derived disease transmission from and to pediatric and adult donor and recipients.