bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Signaling and Extracellular Matrix in Uterine Fibroids
Authors: Rafique Saima , Segars James , Leppert Phyllis 
Published: November 2017

AbstractFibroids (uterine leiomyomas) are the most common benign tumors of the female reproductive tract. Steroid hormones, growth factors, and cytokines have long been implicated in fibroid growth; however, research suggests that changes in the extracellular matrix and mechanical signaling play a critical role in fibroid growth and differentiation. Studies have shown that growth of fibroids is related to the change in the volume and composition of extracellular matrix with increased deposition of abnormal collagen, glycoproteins, laminins, fibronectins, and an increased osmotic stress. These changes generate mechanical stress which is converted to chemical signals in the cells through mechanotransduction and eventually affects gene expression and protein synthesis. Current studies also suggest that mechanical signaling in fibroid cells is abnormal as evidenced by decreased apoptosis of abnormal cells and deposition of a stiff extracellular matrix promoting fibrosis. Understanding and defining these mechanisms could help design new therapies for the treatment of fibroids.
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt-Associated Vancomycin-Resistant Meningitis Complicating a Patient Undergoing Plasmapheresis for Presumed Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-Associated Transverse Myelitis
Authors: Covach Adam , Rose William 
Published: November 2017

Objectives We report a patient who had a working diagnosis of transverse myelitis secondary to a lupus exacerbation. As his clinical course evolved, continued vigilance clarified that he was in fact suffering from a nosocomial infection caused by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE).
Methods We performed a retrospective review of the patient's medical record.
Results Despite radiographic improvement, he did not improve clinically following immunosuppressive therapy including plasma exchange. Once meningitis was diagnosed and treated, he improved rapidly.
Conclusion The prospect of transverse myelitis may confound the diagnosis of VRE meningitis, a uniquely treated and potentially deadly infection.
The Effect of Uterine Fibroids on Infertility: A Systematic Review
Authors: Whynott Rachel , Vaught Kamaria , Segars James 
Published: November 2017

AbstractFibroids are present in up to 27% of patients seeking reproductive assistance, and can affect fertility through cavity distortion, alteration of endometrial receptivity, and sexual function. Surgical, noninvasive, and medical approaches have been developed to manage fibroids, but evidence-based data regarding their safety and efficacy for the treatment of infertility and the effects on pregnancy outcome are limited. Myomectomy, through minimally invasive techniques, is the most evidence-based approach to fibroids in women planning conception, and increases pregnancy rates by up to 68% in previously infertile patients. Laparoscopic uterine artery occlusion is under investigation as an alternative and simpler surgical approach to decrease fibroid size. Uterine artery embolization is not recommended for women intending future pregnancy, as the rate of spontaneous abortion (SAB) is up to 64% and the rate of abnormal placentation is 12.5%. Magnetic resonance imaging–guided focused ultrasound surgery is gaining interest as a noninvasive procedure with positive preliminary pregnancy outcomes, but appears to have an SAB rate of 20.6%. Selective progesterone receptor modulators, aromatase inhibitors, and vitamin D supplementation are under investigation to improve uterine conditions for pregnancy. Submucosal and intramural fibroids affect fertility and pregnancy outcomes and should be addressed during infertility workup.
Resultados del tratamiento del nervio radial e influencia de factores pronósticos
Authors: Villén Gregorio , Alcober Sami , Malfey Rafael 
Published: November 2017

Objetivo Analizar la respuesta de las lesiones del nervio radial y de sus ramas al tratamiento y la influencia de factores asociados dependientes del tipo de daño y de paciente.
Material y Método Sesenta y seis pacientes con lesiones del nervio radial o de sus ramas terminales fueron sometidos a tratamiento conservador, reconstrucción nerviosa, exoneurólis, recolocación nerviosa, cobertura con colgajo graso o transferencia tenomuscular. Hubo 39 hombres y 27 mujeres con una edad media de 45 años. Valoramos la situación motora antes y después del tratamiento con la escala del Louisiana State University Health Sciences Centre (G0 a G5). En las lesiones de la rama superficial del nervio radial fueron recogidas las alteraciones sensitivas y el dolor. La edad, el momento de la cirugía, el tipo de lesión, su nivel y tratamiento, el tiempo de seguimiento y el momento aproximado de la recuperación nerviosa, fueron analizados y relacionados con los resultados.
Resultados Hubo 37 lesiones del nervio radial entre la axila y el codo, 12 del nervio interóseo posterior y 17 de la rama sensitiva superficial. En 10 pacientes observamos recuperación espontánea. En el 82,3% de los casos de reconstrucción del nervio radial el resultado fue bueno o excelente, siendo desfavorable en el 17,7%. Todos los pacientes con reconstrucción del nervio interóseo posterior tuvieron resultado excelente. Las lesiones nerviosas en continuidad tuvieron un 20% más de resultados G4 y G5 que las neurotmesis. Entre los pacientes con lesión de la rama sensitiva superficial, seis quedaron asintomáticos y 11 sintomáticos después del tratamiento. Los pacientes de mayor edad, los grandes defectos nerviosos injertados en las zonas más proximas de la extremidad superior, o con mayor tiempo transcurrido entre la lesión y la reparación evolucionaron peor.
Conclusión El nervio radial es un nervio agradecido al tratamiento.
Die Sehne im Sport
Authors: Wiesinger Hans-Peter , Kösters Alexander 
Published: November 2017

Zusammenfassung
SEHNENADAPTATION UND DEREN STRUKTURELLE/FUNKTIONELLE BEDEUTUNG Sehnen sind
essenziell für jede Bewegung – Bewegung ist jedoch auch essenziell für jede
Sehne: Die Forschung der letzten Jahrzehnte offenbart die enge Beziehung
zwischen mechanischen Stimuli einerseits sowie der Struktur und Funktion –
beziehungsweise Verletzungsanfälligkeit – der Sehne andererseits. Besonders gut
erforscht ist inzwischen die belastungsabhängige Anpassungsfähigkeit von
Patellar- und Achillessehne an mechanische Belastungen.
Jumpers Knee im Volleyball
Authors: Visnes Håvard , Bahr Roald , Couppé Christian 
Published: November 2017

Zusammenfassung
RISIKOFAKTOREN UND VERLETZUNGSPRÄVENTION Bei Sprüngen und nachfolgender Landung wirken extreme Kräfte auf das Kniegelenk ein. Kommt es
aufgrund von Überlastung zu chronischen Schmerzen am unteren Pol der Kniescheibe, der Patellaspitze, wird dies als Patellaspitzen-Syndrom
oder Jumpers Knee bezeichnet. Damit den Spitzensportlern nicht langfristige Trainings- und Wettkampfpausen drohen, sollten Trainer, Sportler
und Sportphysios die Risikofaktoren kennen und präventiv mit dem richtigen Training die Sehne an die steigende Belastung gewöhnen.
Ibuprofen, Pseudoephedrin & Co
Authors: Schmidt Simone 
Published: November 2017

Zusammenfassung
ARZNEIMITTELMISSBRAUCH IM SPORT Missbrauch von Arzneimitteln im
Leistungssport – ein altbekanntes Problem. Dagegen – und zum Schutz der Sportler
erließ die Regierung in Deutschland Ende 2015 erstmals ein Antidopinggesetz,
welches die vorherigen Regelungen des Arzneimittelgesetzes ablöste. Doping ist
jedoch nicht allein ein Problem des Spitzensports – auch im Breitensport haben
leistungssteigernde Substanzen Einzug gehalten. Riskanterweise fehlt hier die
engmaschige medizinische Überwachung, so wie es im Spitzensport üblich ist.
Microwave Mediated Synthesis and Analytical Method Development for the Estimation of Novel 1,4-Dihydropyridines in Bulk by RP-HPLC
Authors: Kaur Anupreet , Kaur Jaspreet , Bansal Ranju 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe present work describes a rapid and green microwave mediated method for the synthesis and a simple and precise isocratic reverse phase HPLC method for the estimation of the biologically significant dihydropyridines. The conventional synthesis of these dihydropyridines has been previously reported from our lab. The analysis of a standard solution (1 mg/ml) was accomplished on a symmetry (4.6 mm I.D x 250 mm) C-18 column using mobile phase acetonitrile:water:triethylamine (TEA) (70:30:0.1 v/v/v) at a flow rate of 0.7 ml/min. Detection was monitored at 354 nm. The retention time for all the compounds was accomplished as less than 10 min. The compounds showed the linear response over the concentration range 10–100 µg/ml. The study is aimed to develop a rapid method for the quantification of these potent molecules. Various parameters like linearity (10–100 µg/ml), USP tailing and plate count were found to be satisfactory. The investigated parameters were studied with the freshly prepared solutions.
Aspectual interpretation and mass/count knowledge in Chinese-English bilinguals
Authors: Yin Bin , O’Brien Beth Ann 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Given recent interest in interface properties in bilingual acquisition, this study examined Chinese-English adolescent bilinguals' acquisition of English telicity – a property whose semantic interpretation (aspectual completion versus incompletion) is influenced by morphosyntax (mass/count distinction). Differences between Chinese and English exist in both mass/count (Chierchia, 1998) and telicity (Soh & Kuo, 2005). Despite existing L2 literature on telicity and mass/count, the relationship between these two areas in learning has not been adequately addressed. A naturalness rating task (on telicity) and a grammaticality judgment task (on mass/count) were administered on 120 bilingual participants (11 and 14 year olds). Our results overall show that mass/count knowledge was acquirable whereas telicity was only partially so. There was a small correlation between these two areas of knowledge. We discuss our results in terms of the role of linguistic input, interface variation, methodological issues, and the nature of telicity marking in Chinese.
The essive in South Saami
Authors: Siegl Florian 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This chapter presents an empirical study of the distribution of a marker referred to as the ‘essive’ in South Saami. The description of the properties of this marker follows the linguistic questionnaire that captures the contexts in which essive and/or translative markers may occur in the Uralic languages. The study specifically investigates the opposition between permanent and impermanent state in non-verbal predications. The linguistic domains involved are non-verbal main predication, secondary predication, complementation, and manner, temporal, and circumstantial adverbial phrases. The use of the marker in the essive sense (associated with state) is contrasted with its use in expressing the translative sense (associated with change). Finally, the syntactic position of elements marked by this form is discussed in relation to the position of focus constituents.
The Mari essive and its functional counterparts
Authors: Saarinen Sirkka 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This chapter presents an empirical study of forms and constructions in Mari, a language without an essive or translative case marker, where other Uralic languages may use the essive or translative. The description of the properties of these forms and constructions follows the linguistic questionnaire that captures the contexts in which essive and/or translative markers may occur in the Uralic languages. The study specifically investigates the opposition between permanent and impermanent state in non-verbal predications. The linguistic domains involved are non-verbal main predication, secondary predication, complementation, and manner, temporal, and circumstantial adverbial phrases. Finally, the syntactic position of elements marked by this form is discussed in relation to the position of focus constituents.
The essive-translative in the Enets languages
Authors: Siegl Florian 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This chapter presents an empirical study of the distribution of a marker referred to as the ‘essive-translative’ in the Enets languages. The description of the properties of this marker follows the linguistic questionnaire that captures the contexts in which essive and/or translative markers may occur in the Uralic languages. The study specifically investigates the opposition between permanent and impermanent state in non-verbal predications. The linguistic domains involved are non-verbal main predication, secondary predication, complementation, and manner, temporal, and circumstantial adverbial phrases. The use of the marker in the essive sense (associated with state) is contrasted with its use in expressing the translative sense (associated with change). Finally, the syntactic position of elements marked by this form is discussed in relation to the position of focus constituents.
A Parabolic Monge–Ampère Type Equation of Gauduchon Metrics
Authors: Zheng Tao 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We prove the long time existence and uniqueness of solution to a parabolic Monge–Ampère type equation on compact Hermitian manifolds. We also show that the normalization of the solution converges to a smooth function in the smooth topology as $t$ approaches infinity which, up to scaling, is the solution to a Monge–Ampère type equation. This gives a parabolic proof of the Gauduchon conjecture based on the solution of Székelyhidi, Tosatti, and Weinkove to this conjecture.
A Propensity-Matched Analysis Between Standard Versus Tapered Oral Vancomycin Courses for the Management of Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection
Authors: Gentry Chris A , Giancola Stephanie E , Thind Sharanjeet , Kurdgelashvili George , Skrepnek Grant H , Williams Riley J 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Background
This study was conducted to compare clinical outcomes of oral vancomycin courses without taper versus oral vancomycin courses with taper for treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI).

Methods
This investigation was a multicenter, retrospective, propensity score-matched analysis study using a Veterans Health Administration national clinical administrative database. Adult patients who were treated for recurrent CDI from any Veterans Affairs Medical Center between June 1, 2011 and October 31, 2016 were included if they were treated with oral vancomycin with or without a tapering regimen. The 2 groups were matched by next-nearest approach from a propensity score formula derived from independent variables associated with the selection of a taper regimen.

Results
Propensity score matching resulted in 2 well-matched groups consisting of 226 episodes of patients treated with a vancomycin taper regimen and 678 episodes treated by vancomycin regimen without taper. No difference was found for the primary outcome of 180-day recurrence (59 of 226 [26.1%] for taper regimens versus 161 of 678 [23.8%], P = .48). A secondary outcome of 90-day all-cause mortality met statistical significance, favoring a taper regimen (5.31% vs 9.29%, P = .049); however, secondary outcomes of 90-day recurrence and 180-day all-cause mortality were not different.

Conclusions
Vancomycin taper regimens did not provide benefit over vancomycin regimens without taper in preventing additional CDI recurrence in patients with first or second recurrent episodes in this propensity score-matched analysis.
Influence of Renal Function on Pharmacokinetics of Antiepileptic Drugs Metabolized by CYP3A4 in a Patient With Renal Impairment
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshiaki , Usui Naotaka , Nishida Takuji , Mori Miho , Takahashi Yukitoshi , Imai Katsumi , Kagawa Yoshiyuki , Inoue Yushi 
Published: November 2017

Background:
Several studies have demonstrated that renal impairment not only decreases renal clearance but also hepatic clearance of medications that are CYP3A4 substrates. We evaluated the influence of renal function on the pharmacokinetics of antiepileptic drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.

Methods:
We retrospectively calculated the concentration/dose ratio (CD ratio) for topiramate and clobazam in an epilepsy patient with renal impairment. In addition, we determined the CD ratio of perampanel in 17 patients with normal renal function and compared it with that in the patient with renal impairment.

Results:
A patient with frontal lobe epilepsy and mild renal impairment [creatinine clearance (CCr): 67.7 mL/min] was taking phenytoin and 3 CYP3A4 substrates (topiramate, clobazam, and perampanel). With progression of renal impairment (CCr: 28.1 mL/min), the CD ratios of topiramate and clobazam increased by about 2-fold. The mean CD ratio of perampanel was 1740 ± 966 ng·mL−1·mg−1·kg−1 in the 17 patients with normal renal function using phenytoin. By contrast, the CD ratio of perampanel was markedly higher (range: 5327–9113 ng·mL−1·mg−1·kg−1) in the patient with renal impairment (CCr: <20 mL/min).

Conclusions:
These findings suggest that dose adjustment based on therapeutic drug monitoring is probably necessary when topiramate, clobazam, or perampanel is prescribed for patients with moderate-to-severe renal impairment.
The Optic Disc Drusen Studies Consortium Recommendations for Diagnosis of Optic Disc Drusen Using Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Malmqvist Lasse , Bursztyn Lulu , Costello Fiona , Digre Kathleen , Fraser J. Alexander , Fraser Clare , Katz Bradley , Lawlor Mitchell , Petzold Axel , Sibony Patrick , Warner Judith , Wegener Marianne , Wong Sui , Hamann Steffen 
Published: November 2017

Background:
Making an accurate diagnosis of optic disc drusen (ODD) is important as part of the work-up for possible life-threatening optic disc edema. It also is important to follow the slowly progressive visual field defects many patients with ODD experience. The introduction of enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) has improved the visualization of more deeply buried ODD. There is, however, no consensus regarding the diagnosis of ODD using OCT. The purpose of this study was to develop a consensus recommendation for diagnosing ODD using OCT.

Methods:
The members of the Optic Disc Drusen Studies (ODDS) Consortium are either fellowship trained neuro-ophthalmologists with an interest in ODD, or researchers with an interest in ODD. Four standardization steps were performed by the consortium members with a focus on both image acquisition and diagnosis of ODD.

Results:
Based on prior knowledge and experiences from the standardization steps, the ODDS Consortium reached a consensus regarding OCT acquisition and diagnosis of ODD. The recommendations from the ODDS Consortium include scanning protocol, data selection, data analysis, and nomenclature.

Conclusions:
The ODDS Consortium recommendations are important in the process of establishing a reliable and consistent diagnosis of ODD using OCT for both clinicians and researchers.
Voltage-dependent inward currents in smooth muscle cells of skeletal muscle arterioles
Authors: Ulyanova Alexandra V. , Shirokov Roman E. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractVoltage-dependent inward currents responsible for the depolarizing phase of action potentials were characterized in smooth muscle cells of 4thorder arterioles in mouse skeletal muscle. Currents through L-type Ca2+channels were expected to be dominant; however, action potentials were not eliminated in nominally Ca2+-free bathing solution or by addition of L-type Ca2+channel blocker nifedipine (10 μM). Instead, Na+channel blocker tetrodotoxin (TTX, 1 μM) reduced the maximal velocity of the upstroke at low, but not at normal (2 mM), Ca2+in the bath. The magnitude of TTX-sensitive currents recorded with 140 mM Na+was about 20 pA/pF. TTX-sensitive currents decreased five-fold when Ca2+increased from 2 to 10 mM. The currents reduced three-fold in the presence of 10 mM caffeine, but remained unaltered by 1 mM of isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX). In addition to L-type Ca2+currents (15 pA/pF in 20 mM Ca2+), we also found Ca2+currents that are resistant to 10 μM nifedipine (5 pA/pF in 20 mM Ca2+). Based on their biophysical properties, these Ca2+currents are likely to be through voltage-gated T-type Ca2+channels. Our results suggest that Na+and at least two types (T- and L-) of Ca2+voltage-gated channels contribute to depolarization of smooth muscle cells in skeletal muscle arterioles. Voltage-gated Na+channels appear to be under a tight control by Ca2+signaling.
Within-infection diversity ofPlasmodium falciparumantigens reflects host-mediated selection
Authors: Early Angela M. , Lievens Marc , MacInnis Bronwyn , Ockenhouse Christian F. , Volkman Sarah K. ,   RTS,S Clinical Trial Partnership Committee of Investigators,, Wirth Dyann F. , Neafsey Daniel E. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHost immunity exerts strong selection on pathogens, but it does not act in a uniform manner across individual hosts. By providing a direct approach for understanding host-specific selection pressures, patterns of intra-host pathogen diversity complement population genetic analyses performed on broad geographic scales. Here, we perform a combined analysis of inter- and intra-host diversity for the malaria parasitePlasmodium falciparumwith haplotype sequences of three antigens sampled from over 4,500 natural infections in sub-Saharan Africa using targeted deep sequencing. We find that multi-strain infections in young children contain non-random combinations of parasite genotypes, and identify individual amino acid positions that may contribute to strain-specific blocking of infections. These results demonstrate for the first time that natural host defenses toPlasmodiumdetectably impact which infections proceed to the blood stage within a given host. This selection partially explains the extreme amino acid diversity observed at many parasite antigens and suggests that vaccines targeting such proteins should account for the impact of allele-specific immunity.
Scalable Bayesian inference for high-dimensional neural receptive fields
Authors: Aoi Mikio C. , Pillow Jonathan W. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe examine the problem of rapidly and efficiently estimating a neuron’s linear receptive field (RF) from responses to high-dimensional stimuli. This problem poses important statistical and computational challenges. Statistical challenges arise from the need for strong regularization when using correlated stimuli in high-dimensional parameter spaces, while computational challenges arise from extensive time and memory costs associated with evidence-optimization and inference in high-dimensional settings. Here we focus on novel methods for scaling up automatic smoothness determination (ASD), an empirical Bayesian method for RF estimation, to high-dimensional settings. First, we show that using a zero-padded Fourier domain representation and a “coarse-to-fine” evidence optimization strategy gives substantial improvements in speed and memory, while maintaining exact numerical accuracy. We then introduce a suite of scalable approximate methods that exploit Kronecker and Toeplitz structure in the stimulus autocovariance, which can be related to the method of expected log-likelihoods [1]. When applied together, these methods reduce the cost of estimating an RF with tensor order D and d coefficients per tensor dimension from O(d3D) time and O(d2D) space for standard ASD to O(Dd log d) time and O(Dd) space. We show that evidence optimization for a linear RF with 160K coefficients using 5K samples of data can be carried out on a laptop in < 2s.