bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffusion tensor imaging of white matter and correlates to eye movement control and psychometric testing in children with prenatal alcohol exposure
Authors: Paolozza Angelina , Treit Sarah , Beaulieu Christian , Reynolds James N. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPrenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) can cause central nervous system dysfunction and widespread structural anomalies as detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study focused on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of white matter in a large sample of PAE participants that allowed us to examine correlations with behavioral outcomes. Participants were confirmed PAE (n = 69, mean age = 12.5 ± 3.2 years) or typically developing control children (n = 67, mean age = 12.1 ± 3.2 years) who underwent brain MRI, eye movement tasks, and psychometric tests. A semi‐automated tractography method extracted fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) values from 15 white matter tracts. The PAE group displayed decreased FA compared with controls in multiple tracts including 3 corpus callosum regions, right corticospinal tract, and 3 left hemisphere tracts connecting to the frontal lobe (cingulum, uncinate fasciculus, and superior longitudinal fasciculus). Significant group by sex interactions were found for the genu, left superior longitudinal fasciculus, and the left uncinate, with females in the PAE group exhibiting lower FA compared with control females. Correlations were found between DTI and eye movement measures in the control group, but these same relationships were absent in the PAE group. In contrast, no correlations were found between DTI and any of the psychometric tests used in this study. These findings support the hypothesis that measures of eye movement control may be valuable functional biomarkers of the brain injury induced by PAE as these tasks reveal group differences that appear to be linked to deficits in white matter integrity in the brain. Hum Brain Mapp 38:444–456, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis of Heat Dissipation Performance between a Horizontal and Longitudinal Battery Pack Based on Forced Air Cooling
Authors: Jiang Fuping , Xu Xiaoming , Hu Donghai 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA battery pack is the main energy storage element, and directly affects the performance of an electric vehicle. Battery thermal management system research and its development for a modern electric vehicle is required. This paper selects the forced air cooling of battery pack as the research object, and uses simulation methods to research the heat dissipation performance with different structures of battery packs. The results indicate that according to the four types of transient state conditions, the rising temperature of both battery packs are significantly higher than the temperature difference, the maximum temperature rise and temperature difference of a horizontal battery pack are lower than a longitudinal battery pack. When an electric vehicle begins to decrease speed, the curves of temperature rising and temperature difference increase. This shows the internal heat is continuously rising, so even in a electric vehicle beginning to decrease speed, the fan must work. The reference basis for choosing battery pack type and an analysis of heat flow field characteristics, including fan run‐time control, are offered.
Experimental Study on Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer from a Rectangular Prism Approaching the Wall of a Wind Tunnel
Authors: Chakrabarty Dipes , Patil Pravin , Sharma Kapil 
Published: September 2016

AbstractExperimental investigations in fluid flow and heat transfer have been carried out to study the effect of wall proximity due to flow separation around rectangular prisms. Experiments have been carried out for the Reynolds number 2.6 × 104, blockage ratios are 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4, aspect ratios (d/c) are 1.5, 1.33, 0.667, and 0.333, with different height‐ratios and various angles of attack. The static pressure distribution has been measured on all faces of the rectangular prisms. The results have been presented in the form of pressure coefficient, drag coefficient for various height‐ratios and blockage ratios. The pressure distribution shows positive values on the front face whereas on the rear face negative values of the pressure coefficient have been observed. The drag coefficient decreases with the increase in angle of attack as the height‐ratio decreases. The heat transfer experiments have been carried out under constant heat flux conditions. Heat transfer coefficients are determined from the measured wall temperature and ambient temperature and presented in the form of a Nusselt number. Both local and average Nusselt numbers have been presented for various height‐ratios. The variation of the local Nusselt number has been shown with nondimensional distance for different angles of attack and blockage ratios. The variation of the average Nusselt number has also been shown with different angles of attack for blockage ratios. The local as well as average Nusselt number decreases as the height‐ratio decreases for all nondimensional distances and angles of attack, respectively, for rectangular prisms. Empirical correlations for the average Nusselt number have been presented for a rectangular prism as a function of the Reynolds number, Prandtl number and relevant nondimensional parameters.
Delta Rhapsody
Authors: Berreteaga Oskar , Sagardui Goiuria , Etxeberria Leire , Markiegi Urtzi , Perez Xabier 
Published: September 2016

AbstractModel Based System Engineering (MBSE) has become the pre‐eminent paradigm used to improve the development of complex systems. Additionally, Delta Modelling provides an incremental approach to the design and maintenance of models when there is variability in the system. In this context, the market leading IBM Rhapsody® provides a professional and wide range of functionalities. Nevertheless, there is not support for Delta Modelling in IBM Rhapsody®. To meet this need, the Delta Rhapsody solution has been developed. With the tool a new variant model can be automatically generated applying deltas to a core model. The application of the solution in an industrial case study has been undertaken. From this, it was concluded that the Delta Rhapsody solution notably reduces the required time to develop a variant model. To further improve the Delta Rhapsody solution, some future works have also been identified.
Bringing Operational Perspectives into the Analysis of Engineered Resilient Systems
Authors: Sitterle Valerie B. , Brimhall Erika L. , Freeman Dane F. , Balestrini‐Robinson Santiago , Ender Tommer R. , Goerger Simon R. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractEngineered Resilient Systems (ERS) is a Department of Defense (DoD) program focusing on the effective and efficient design and development of complex engineered systems across their lifecycle. An important area of focus is the evaluation of early‐stage design alternatives in terms of their modeled operational performance and characteristics. The work in this paper ties together differentiated operational needs with requirements specification and maturation of previous analytical constructs toward a more operationally relevant viewpoint. The concept of Broad Utility as a high‐level aggregated measure of robustness of fielded system capabilities with respect to operational requirements is expanded upon. The relation to requirements is more explicit and systems failing to achieve threshold requirements are penalized. The impact of this approach and how it offers a foundation from which to more fully explore sensitivity to Pre‐Milestone A requirements is discussed.
Comprehensive Approach to Systems Engineering Capability Development in GE Healthcare
Authors: Unger Chris 
Published: September 2016

AbstractGE Healthcare has implemented a comprehensive approach to the SE Development process described in the new INCOSE SE Handbook (Figure 2.9, Walden, et al. 2015). The goal is a unified approach to individual professional development, process improvement and overall SE effectiveness. Since this is conceived as a ‘system’ (a closed loop), we have applied a breadth first approach: implementing at least a stub for each element of the loop, and building out depth at each element. We have found a simplified implementation of each step can be quite effective, even as a starting point.
Maintenance Scheduling Using Systems Engineering Integration
Authors: Langford Gary O. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMaintenance scheduling for the United States Air Force F‐15D Fighting Falcon aircraft is mapped through a general loss function and weighted by the operational and maintenance costs incurred by maintenance organizations. Scheduling of maintenance work is found to correlate with simple functions that are then mapped to an adaptive loss function. A new technique is proposed for scheduling maintenance personnel based on the minimum economic losses to program and functional managers in a matrix organization.
Integrated Community Resilience, A Model Based Systems Engineering Approach
Authors: McDermott Tom , Nadolski Molly 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis paper presents a model‐based systems engineering framework used to integrate physical, socio‐ecological, and psychological factors of community resilience in urban areas. The research results represent the first year of a multi‐year project. However, both the modeling methodology and our approach to model social factors of community resilience are novel. We first applied a sociotechnical‐modeling framework to capture social factors of community sustainability and resilience in the context of urban infrastructure renewal. Two system constructs, standard of living and subjective well‐being, were linked to environmental, infrastructure, economic, and institutional factors to represent the human capital aspects of community resilience at multiple scales. The framework produced a system metamodel that was used to identify causal relationships between individual micro‐scale indicators of both infrastructure and social program development and the aggregate effects of human capital development. The system metamodel was then used to define an initial data model that will be used to structure an executable metamodel in later phases of research. The executable metamodel will support cross‐disciplinary modeling of the socio‐ecological (objective) and psychological (subjective) factors of community resilience. The long‐term goal is to define a full set of evaluation factors and computer based decision analysis tools that support macro‐scale decision criteria for social, behavioral, and economic decision‐making in complex urban infrastructures.
Selling Systems Engineering by Searching for the Sweet Spot
Authors: Beasley Richard , O'Neil Anne 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSystems Engineering has the potential to be a ubiquitous discipline, adding value in a multitude of domains and organizations. However, there are problems in application and take‐up in any area where it is not already explicit. Part of the reason for this is the way INCOSE and others present Systems Engineering. From the outside it appears a rigid, process‐heavy approach with a strange terminology and a significant investment burden – rather than a liberating, thoughtful (applied Systems Thinking) approach to yield clearer problem understanding that leads to more successful outcomes.In this paper, based on case study evidence of the application of Systems Engineering in a number of domains, it is suggested a more flexible approach to Systems Engineering is needed to introduce it. The introduction occurs largely within organizations. The approach requires a balance between the type / variant of Systems Engineering required by the problem situation, and the level / potential of Systems Engineering capability in the organization – targeting the “sweet spot” is seeking to optimize these two elements. The implementation of Systems Engineering should be seen and planned as a journey rather than a “big bang” implementation.A flexible approach to implementing Systems Engineering will produce a far greater probability of successful take‐up and application. INCOSE must recognize this and generate guidance to organizations (beyond what it has produced for individuals) to establish capability in (an appropriate style of) Systems Engineering. If this is done, INCOSE can have the impact it desires, with the appropriate application of Systems Engineering leading to more successful projects, and the generation of solutions to the increasing difficult problems and challenges facing the world.
From Agile Systems Engineering to Agile Safety Engineering
Authors: Lawson James R. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAs an alternative to the more traditional v‐model, the application of the principles of agile systems engineering to safety engineering is investigated. Objectives for agile safety engineering are derived from the agile manifesto. A framework combined with a selection of techniques is proposed to satisfy these objectives. The framework is supported by multiple entry points which facilitate the rapid assessment of the safety of a safety critical system with respect to probability budgets and the rapid reassessment as necessary to remove conservatism. A hybrid approach which combines the virtues of a piece‐part and functional FMEA and eliminates unnecessary effort is described.It is concluded that an iterative step‐by‐step approach to safety engineering is possible. Also, it is proposed that the information resulting from an iterative approach and its availability early to guide the product development of the safety critical system is likely to result in the system being safer.
Steel‐making Plant Engineering Guide Development Based on Systems Engineering Standards: Feasibility Study and Concept Design
Authors: Lee Taekyong , Salim Shelly , Lee Joongyoon 
Published: September 2016

AbstractEngineering industry is considered as a key industry which will drive the future of Korea. However, Korean engineering companies have recently made a huge loss and the lack of engineering capability is pointed out as a main cause of this situation. Unlike Korean engineering companies, world leading engineering companies have their own systems Engineering Standards/Guides ensuring successful fulfillments of the feasibility study, concept design and basic design processes.An Engineering standard for an organization is an essential means to shorten the time for engineering design, to maintain the engineering quality and to secure the engineering efficiency in the development of the complex system. One of the main reasons of Korean Engineering companies' lack of engineering capability is the absence of the Engineering standard.In the paper, we have developed a steel‐making plant Engineering standard based on a systems engineering standard. We used both ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288 and NASA SE Handbook as main reference standards. First, we have introduced a lifecycle definition and a product breakdown structure of a general steel‐making plant. Then we have introduced detailed engineering processes of feasibility study and concept design phase. Finally we have introduced exit criteria for outputs of feasibility study and concept design phase to assess the degree of achievement.
Technology Readiness Level as an Exit Criteria of Early Life Cycle Phases for Steel‐making Plant
Authors: Salim Shelly , Lee Taekyong , Lee Joongyoon 
Published: September 2016

AbstractProjects on steel‐making plant follow the stages of steel‐making plant system life cycle. In each life cycle stage, there are exit criteria to be fulfilled before a project can continue to the next stage. Among the exit criteria, we focus on one of the technical exit criteria, that is, the technology maturity. Technology maturity is measured using technical readiness level (TRL) and TRL concept has been largely adopted by numerous organizations and industry. However, the assignment of a certain TRL as one of the exit criteria of life cycle stages are not well adapted. In other words, TRL is not considered as a critical exit criteria of a system life cycle stages. In this paper, we would like to propose that the TRL should be one of the exit criteria of each life cycle stage. In this research, we propose a steel‐making plant system life cycle, define the technical readiness level for a steel‐making plant, and assign a target TRL for each life cycle stage as an exit criteria of that stage. The benefits of target TRL assignment to the life cycle stages are as follows: (1) the technical risk of developing/inserting a technology can be controlled on each life cycle stage, (2) the cost incurred if the technology to be developed/inserted is failed can be analyzed in each life cycle stage, and (3) as a standardization effort of technology readiness at each industrial plant life cycle stage. By directly assigning target TRL for each life cycle stages, we look forward to a more coordinated (in terms of exit criteria) and highly effective (in terms of technical risks identification and eventually project failure prevention) technology development and assessment processes.
Integration of SE Design Principles in a Capstone Design Course: Airborne Birdstrike Countermeasure
Authors: Newcamp Jeffrey M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis paper describes a Systems Engineering capstone design course at the United States Air Force Academy that evaluated aural and visual birdstrike mitigation technologies and their feasibility for integration onto aircraft. The course sought to solve a real‐world problem for an actual customer using a multidisciplinary team that followed a structured Systems Engineering approach. It is shown that an undergraduate team can produce a patent pending technology given proper motivation, resources and guidance. This project's principal requirement was to thwart birdstrikes up to 10,000 feet above ground level and below 250 knots calibrated airspeed. The chosen solution technology combined a speaker system capable of producing a sound pressure level of 135 dBA and utilized existing aircraft landing lights pulsed at a rate of 0.75 Hertz.
“Fifty Shades of Agile”: AN ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES OF AGILE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
Authors: Kemp Duncan , Akroyd‐Wallis Kirsty , Mactaggart Ivan , Evans Rhianne , Harrison Kris , Woodcock Hazel 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAlthough Agile is well‐defined, and relatively widely‐used within the software engineering field, applying Agile to Systems Engineering (SE) is still under debate. While some feel that Agile SE offers potential to improve customer satisfaction and reduce cost, risk and time to market, it is unclear how well Agile approaches apply to SE.This paper explores diverse rationales for applying Agile SE, various types of systems it can be applied to, and different Agile SE approaches, showing that there is no single definition of Agile. Views range from: a high tempo approach to systems delivery analogous to Agile software, radical tailoring of conventional SE against fixed requirements, using agile software techniques to develop SE documents and models, to using Agile as a sales mechanism with no real understanding of chance of success. These perspectives are analysed against the 12 Agile software principles, Snowdon's Cynefin Framework and Ring's Value Cycle, concluding with 14 observations about Agile SE approaches.
Collaborative Model‐based Systems Engineering for Cyber‐Physical Systems, with a Building Automation Case Study
Authors: Fitzgerald John , Gamble Carl , Payne Richard , Larsen Peter Gorm , Basagiannis Stylianos , Mady Alie El‐Din 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe describe an approach to the model‐based engineering of cyber‐physical systems that permits the coupling of diverse discrete‐event and continuous‐time models and their simulators. A case study in the building automation domain demonstrates how such co‐models and co‐simulation can promote early cooperation between disciplines within a systems engineering process before the expensive commitment is made to integration in physical prototypes. We identify areas for future advances in foundations, methods and tools to realise the potential of a co‐modelling approach within established systems engineering processes.
Model Base Systems Engineering used in developing a Telescope Manager
Authors: le Roux Gerhard 
Published: September 2016

AbstractVarious tools, tutorials and examples exist about the idea of doing development based on models of information (MBSE) as apposed to the traditional document driven approach. Yet, the practical examples of achieving this are still relatively few. An unguided modelling approach can easily lead to “modelling for modelling's sake”, paying for expensive management tools – and creating diagrams that makes the project more complex instead of simpler.This paper is a case study on the efforts to move to a model based development for a large complex system by looking at early conceptual and preliminary design stages of the Telescope Manager project – particularly taking into consideration how it transforms from a functional to a physical design.The aim is to see if general principles and concepts can be derived upon which future Systems Engineers can make use, of before embarking on a similar venture.The study will define the problem area and scope of modelling required for the Telescope manager.Then the study will give a critical examination of various strategies and actions undertook regarding the use of MBSE for the Telescope Manager.The study will conclude with a derived set of concepts and principles based on the evaluation results that may be used in the future.Lastly the study will comment on what the future looks like for MBSE and give some recommendations in terms of preparing for what comes next.
Designing a Systems Engineering Process and Toolset for the Giant Magellan Telescope
Authors: Hardie Kayla , Trancho Gelys , Miles John W. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) Project has used Cognition Cockpit™ to facilitate and implement systems engineering processes such as operational concept development, requirements development and management, interface management, failure modes and effects analysis, hazard analysis, and verification. This paper discusses the structure of the GMT Systems Engineering process, the flowdown of requirements throughout this process, and how Cockpit features are utilized to ensure traceability within the project.
Implementing a Structured Verification Framework to Improve Verification Requirements Quality
Authors: Haskins Bill 
Published: September 2016

AbstractVerification is a process for developing evidence to show that the design satisfies the requirements. The verification process starts early in a development program and the verification requirements are defined in the verification text of a requirements document, as defined in MIL‐STD‐961, Defense and Program‐Unique Specifications Format and Content. Papers have been written to describe how to develop quality design requirements to ensure the requirements are unambiguous and verifiable, as required by ISO/IEC/IEEE 29148:2011 and related commercial and military standards, but few papers have been written to describe how to develop quality verification requirements for each design requirement. This paper describes a formal structured verification framework for developing consistent, high‐quality verification requirements, which includes using specific sentence structures to write the verification requirements with mandatory and optional elements.