bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted Indoles by NBS/CuCl Mediated Oxidative Cyclization of N‐Aryl Enamines
Authors: Hu Fang‐Zhi , Zhao Si‐Han , Chen Hui , Yu Shuo‐Wen , Xu Xiao‐Ying , Yuan Wei‐Cheng , Zhang Xiao‐Mei 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA one‐pot synthesis of 2,3‐disubstituted indoles has been accomplished through a facile, mild and efficient oxidative cyclization of N‐aryl enamines mediated by N‐bromosuccinimide (NBS)/copper chloride (CuCl). This method is applicable to a series of N‐aryl β‐enaminoesters and N‐aryl β‐amino nitroolefins containing different substituents such as halides, alkyls, heterocycles, etc. A variety of 2‐aryl‐3‐carboxylate indoles and 2‐aryl‐3‐nitro indoles have been prepared with moderate to quantitative yields in only 20 minutes to 2 hours in refluxing ethanol. Moreover, in order to demonstrate the synthetic utility of this transformation, 2‐phenyl‐3‐nitro indole was subjected in reduction and reduction‐alkylation to generate 2‐phenyl‐3‐amino indole and N,N‐diethyl‐2‐phenyl‐3‐amino indole respectively.
“They Just Want to Know” ‐ Genetic Health Professionals' Beliefs About Why Parents Want to Know their Child's Carrier Status
Authors: Vears Danya F. , Delany Clare , Massie John , Gillam Lynn 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn the context of a child being diagnosed with a genetic condition, reports from both parents and health professionals suggest many genetic health professionals are reluctant to provide carrier testing for unaffected siblings, despite the lack of evidence of harm. We propose that genetic health professionals’ understandings of why parents want to have their children tested may contribute to their reluctance to test. We draw on interviews with 17 genetic health professionals, reporting their beliefs about parents’ motivations for testing and their intentions to communicate results to their children. Data were analyzed using inductive content analysis. Genetic health professionals reported attributions that contrasted with reasons parents actually report. These disparities fall into two categories: 1) attributing reasons that parents do not themselves report (i.e. for reassurance about their child's health), and 2) not recognizing the reasons that parents actually do report for wanting testing (i.e. to communicate the information to their child). By identifying that genetic health professionals may be misattributing reasons to parents for desiring their child”s carrier status, they may be missing an opportunity to assist parents to make decisions that are in line with their values and the best interests of the family.
Spatial pattern of soil nitrogen availability and its relationship to stand structure in a coniferous‐broadleaved mixed forest with a dense dwarf bamboo understory in northern Japan
Authors: Inoue Takahiro , Fukuzawa Karibu , Watanabe Tsunehiro , Yoshida Toshiya , Shibata Hideaki 
Published: February 2017

AbstractNatural disturbances create spatial patterns of the ecosystem processes and functions in natural forests. However, how dynamics and the spatial structure of forests relate to soil nitrogen dynamics is not well understood. We examined the spatial relationship between the distributions of canopy and understory species, and soil nitrogen dynamics in a natural coniferous‐broadleaved mixed forest with a dense understory of Sasa dwarf bamboo in northern Japan. The O horizon was thick where coniferous litter predominated, and it was thin where broadleaved litter predominated. The soil water content was low in areas with a thick O horizon and a high abundance of coniferous trees. The soil nitrate content was low where the soil water content was low, and the soil nitrate content increased linearly with increasing net nitrification potential. These results suggest that the soil nitrate content under the coniferous canopy was lower because of the low nitrification potential of soil microbes in soils with low water contents. The soil nitrate content and nitrification potential were higher in the canopy gap than under the canopy. Our results suggest that forest structure, specifically the thickness of the forest floor, significantly affects the spatial pattern of the soil water content, thereby creating a spatial pattern of soil nitrogen availability at a relatively small scale with flat topography. The higher nitrification potential under the canopy gap could pose a long‐term risk of nitrate leaching because of the suppression of the natural regeneration of canopy species by dense Sasa dwarf bamboo in this forest ecosystem.
Associations between alcohol‐use and depression symptoms in adolescence: Examining gender differences and pathways over time
Authors: Danzo Sarah , Connell Arin M. , Stormshak Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTSeveral studies examining alcohol use and depression in youth have focused on documenting prevalence of overlap, or temporal ordering in longitudinal samples. Fewer studies have examined pathways connecting alcohol use and depression over time. This study examined gender differences between depression and alcohol use across adolescence while examining peer and family pathways as possible mediators of effects. Data was collected longitudinally from 593 families from three urban public middle schools in the United States. Participants were recruited in 6th grade and followed through 9th grade. We examined gender differences using a nested model comparison approach. Results indicated the association between depression and alcohol use differs by gender. For males, depression and alcohol use were independent across adolescence, and no significant indirect pathways were observed. For females, bidirectional effects were found between alcohol use and depression, as well as an indirect effect from depression to alcohol use via peer deviance.
Colovesical fistula secondary to hernia mesh migration: an unusual incident
Authors: Ramanathan Sabarinathan , Krishnamoorthy Veeraraghavan , Ratnakar Kini , Thangavel Pugazhendhi , Sundarraj Raju 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe evaluated a 27-year old male with pneumaturia and fecaluria with a past history of right inguinal hernia repair. Though, cystoscopy and contrast enhanced computed tomography did not furnish any evidence to arrive at a diagnosis, interestingly, colonoscopy revealed a mesh in the sigmoid colon making apparent the diagnosis of colovesical fistula secondary to mesh migration. Later, surgical removal of the mesh from the sigmoid colon with rent closure of the fistulous opening was done successfully. Our case thus, highlights the vital role of common diagnostic tool like colonoscopy in making an uncommon diagnosis.
High‐resolution mapping and ablation of recurrent left lateral accessory pathway conduction
Authors: Solimene Francesco , Schillaci Vincenzo , Shopova Gergana , Maddaluno Francesco , Malacrida Maurizio , Stabile Giuseppe 
Published: February 2017

AbstractProper localization of the anatomical target during ablation of the accessory pathways (AP) and the ability to detect clear AP potentials on the ablation catheter are crucial for successful AP ablation. We report a case of recurring AP conduction that was finally eliminated using a novel ablation catheter equipped with high‐resolution mini‐electrodes. Smaller and closer electrodes result in high mapping resolution with less signal averaging and cancellation effects. Owing to improved sensitivity, the new catheter seems effective in detecting fragmented and high frequency signals, thus allowing more effective radiofrequency application and improving ablation success.
Isoperimetric inequalities for quermassintegrals
Authors: Trudinger Neil S. 
Published: February 2017

The isoperimetric inequalities of Aleksandrov and Fenchel for
quermassintegrals
(cross sectional measures) of convex domains in Euclidean space are established for non-convex domains, subject to natural curvature conditions. The techniques are new and draw upon the theory of Monge–Ampère type equations related to previous work of the author on equations of prescribed curvature.

Résumé

Les inégalités isopérimétriques d’Aleksandrov et Frenchel pour les
quermassintegrals
dans le cas de domaines convexes d’espaces euclidiens sont établies pour un domaine non convexe vérifiant des conditions naturelles de courbure. Les techniques sont neuves et reposent sur des équations de type Monge–Ampère reliées à un travail antérieur de l’auteur sur des équations à courbure prescrite.
Étude qualitative des solutions réelles d’une équation différentielle liée à l’équation de Ginzburg-Landau
Authors: Hervé Rose-Marie , Hervé Michel 
Published: February 2017

We consider the ordinary differential equation satisfied by the real functions

f (r)

such that the

u(re^{iθ}) = f (r)e^{iqθ}

(

q\in Ν^*

) are solutions of the Ginzburg–Landau equation

−\mathrm{\Delta }u = u(1−|u|^{2})

. We show: that such a function

f (r)

, if defined on a neighbourhood of

0

, is analytic and uniquely determined by the number

a= f(q) (0)/q!

; that one value of a only, say

A

, yields a strictly increasing function

f (r)

running from

0

to

1

as

r

runs from

0

to

+∞

, of which we give an asymptotic expansion for

r → +∞

. We also prove that any

a \in ] – A, A [\setminus \{0\}

yields an indefinitely oscillating function

f (r)

, and that the length of the interval between two consecutive zeroes has

π

as its limit.

Résumé

Nous étudions l’équation différentielle satisfaite par les fonctions réelles

f (r)

telles que

u (re^{iθ}) = f (r) e^{iqθ}

(

q\in N^*

) soit solution de l’équation de Ginzburg–Landau

−\mathrm{\Delta }u = u(1−|u|^{2})

. Nous montrons: qu’une telle fonction

f (r)

, si elle est définie sur un voisinage de

0

, est analytique et parfaitement déterminée par le nombre

a = f(q) (0)/q!

; qu’une seule valeur de

a

, soit

A

, donne une fonction

f (r)

croissant strictement de

0

à

1

quand

r

croît de

0

à

+∞

, et dont nous donnons un développement asymptotique pour

r → +∞

. Nous montrons aussi que toute valeur

a\in ] – A, A [\setminus \{0\}

donne une fonction

f (r)

oscillant indéfiniment, et que l’écart entre deux zéros consécutifs a pour limite

π

.
New Inequalities for the Jacobian
Authors: Iwaniec T. , Greco L. 
Published: February 2017

We derive integral estimates for the Jacobian by using the Rochberg–Weiss theory of nonlinear commutators. A refinement of Müller’s result is obtained. We demonstrate how local estimates can be used to improve the degree of integrability of the Jacobian.

Résumé
On établit des estimations intégrales pour le jacobien au moyen de la théorie des commutateurs non linéaires par Rochberg–Weiss. On obtient ainsi un raffinement du résultat de Müller. On démontre comment l’emploi des estimations locales permit d’améliorer le degré d’intégrabilité du jacobien.
Multiple solutions of a semilinear elliptic equation in ℝN
Authors: Cao Dao-Min 
Published: February 2017

In this paper, we are concerned with the existence of multiple solutions of

−\mathrm{\Delta }u + u = \mathrm{\lambda }b(x)\left|u\right|^{p−1}u + c(x)\left|u\right|^{q−1}u

where

1 < p

,

q < \frac{\mathrm{N} + 2}{\mathrm{N}−2}

if

N ≧ 3

,

1 < p

,

q < + ∞

if

N = 2

,

λ > 0

.

We obtain the existence of multiple solutions by using concentrations-compactness method and dual variational principle to establish the corresponding existence of critical points.

Résumé
Nous obtenons dans cet article un résultat d’existence et de multiplicité de solutions de

−\mathrm{\Delta }u + u = \mathrm{\lambda }b(x)\left|u\right|^{p−1}u + c(x)\left|u\right|^{q−1}u

où

1 < p

,

q < \frac{\mathrm{N} + 2}{\mathrm{N}−2}

,

N ≧ 3

,

1 < p

,

q < + ∞

si

N = 2

,

λ > 0

.

Ces résultats sont prouvés à l’aide de la méthode de concentration-compacité et de principes variationnels duaux pour obtenir l’existence des points critiques correspondants.
The minimal period problem of classical Hamiltonian systems with even potentials
Authors: Long Yiming 
Published: February 2017

In this paper, we study the existence of periodic solutions with prescribed minimal period for even superquadratic autonomous second order Hamiltonian systems defined on

\mathbf R^n

with no convexity assumptions. We use a direct variational approach for this problem on a

W^{1, 2}

space of functions invariant under the action of a transformation group isomorphic to the Klein Fourgroup

\mathbf V_4 = \mathbf Z_2 \oplus \mathbf Z_2

to find symmetric periodic solutions, and prove a new iteration inequality on the Morse index by iterating such functions properly. Using these tools and the Mountain-pass theorem, we show that for every

T > 0

, the above mentioned system possesses a

T

-periodic solution

x(t)

with minimal period

T

or

T/3

, and this solution is even about

t = 0, T/2

and odd about

t = T/4, 3 T/4

.

Résumé

Dans cet article, on étudie l’existence de solutions périodiques avec la période minimale prescrit pour les systèmes hamiltoniens pairs autonomes d’ordre secondaire à croissance super-quadratique, définis dans

\mathbf R^n

sans hypothèse de convexité. Pour trouver des solutions périodiques symétriques, on utilise une approche directe variationnelle pour ce problème dans

W^{1, 2}

, espace de fonctions invariantes sous l’action d’un groupe de transformation, qui est isomorphe avec le Quatre-groupe de Klein

\mathbf V_4 = \mathbf Z_2 \oplus \mathbf Z_2

, et prouve les nouvelles inégalités d’itération sur les indices de Morse pour l’itération propre de telles fonctions. En utilisant ces outils et le théorème de Col de Montagne, on montre que pour chaque

T > 0

le système ci-dessus possède une solution

T

-période

x(t)

avec la periode minimale

T

ou

T/3

, et que cette solution est paire sur

t = 0, T/2

et impaire sur

t = T/4, 3 T/4

.
Principles for circadian orchestration of metabolic pathways
Authors: Thurley Kevin , Herbst Christopher , Wesener Felix , Koller Barbara , Wallach Thomas , Maier Bert , Kramer Achim , Westermark Pål O 
Published: February 2017

Significance
Circadian (24-h) rhythms influence the behavior and physiology of many organisms. These rhythms are generated at the gene expression level, causing the waxing and waning of protein abundances. Metabolic enzymes are affected, but the principles for the propagation of enzyme rhythmicity to cellular metabolism as quantified by fluxes through metabolic pathways and metabolite concentrations are not understood. We used the mathematics of chemical kinetics to systematically investigate how rhythms in enzyme activity are propagated to pathway fluxes and concentrations. It turned out that rhythms are often optimally propagated when several enzyme activities are rhythmic but with different timing. We performed measurements of circadian enzyme activities in mouse muscle that confirmed such timing differences.
Differences in Functional Outcome Across Subtypes with Spetzler-Martin Grade II Arteriovenous Malformations
Authors: Hung Alice L. , Yang Wuyang , Westbroek Erick M. , Garzon-Muvdi Tomas , Caplan Justin M. , Braileanu Maria , Wang Joanna Y. , Colby Geoffrey P. , Coon Alexander L. , Tamargo Rafael J. , Huang Judy 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The Spetzler-Martin grading system for brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) is based on size (S), eloquence (E), and deep venous drainage (V). However, variation exists due to subgroup heterogeneity. While previous studies have demonstrated variations in outcomes within grade III AVMs, no studies have focused on grade II AVM subtypes.

OBJECTIVE: We aim to delineate how functional outcomes differ among patients with subtypes of grade II AVMs.

METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed patients with AVMs evaluated at our institution from 1990 to 2013. Grade II AVMs were divided into 3 subtypes: group 1 (S2V0E0), group 2 (S1V0E1), and group 3 (S1V1E0). Baseline characteristics were compared, and functional status was assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at pretreatment and last follow-up. Differences in mRS between the 2 time points were compared.

RESULTS: A total of 208 grade II patients (34.0%) were retrieved from 611 graded patients. After accounting for missing data, our cohort consisted of 137 patients. Mean age of all patients was 37.2 years, with 74 females (54.0%). No significant difference was observed across subgroups for pretreatment mRS (P = .096), treatment modalities (P = .943), follow-up durations (P = .125), and mRS at last follow-up (P = .716). In a subgroup analysis between group 1 and group 3, more patients with worsened mRS were observed in group 3 (P = .039). This distinction was further confirmed in surgically treated patients (P = .049), but not in patients treated with radiosurgery (P = .863).

CONCLUSION: Subtypes of grade II AVMs portend different posttreatment gains in functional outcome. Group 1 (S2V0E0) patients had the best functional outcome gain from treatment, while group 3 (S1V1E0) patients fared less well, particularly with surgical treatment.
A risk assessment framework for seed degeneration: Informing an integrated seed health strategy for vegetatively-propagated crops
Authors: Thomas-Sharma S. , Andrade-Piedra J. , Carvajal Yepes M. , Hernandez Nopsa J. F. , Jeger M. J. , Jones R. A. C. , Kromann P. , Legg J. P. , Yuen J. , Forbes G. A. , Garrett K. A. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTPathogen build-up in vegetative planting material, termed seed degeneration, is a major problem in many low-income countries. When smallholder farmers use seed produced on-farm or acquired outside certified programs, it is often infected. We introduce a risk assessment framework for seed degeneration, evaluating the relative performance of individual and combined components of an integrated seed health strategy. The frequency distribution of management performance outcomes was evaluated for models incorporating biological and environmental heterogeneity, with the following results. (1) On-farm seed selection can perform as well as certified seed, if the rate of success in selecting healthy plants for seed production is high; (2) When choosing among within-season management strategies, external inoculum can determine the relative usefulness of ‘incidence-altering management’ (affecting the proportion of diseased plants/seeds) and rate-altering management (affecting the rate of disease transmission in the field); (3) Under severe disease scenarios, where it is difficult to implement management components at high levels of effectiveness, combining management components can produce synergistic benefits and keep seed degeneration below a threshold; (4) Combining management components can also close the yield gap between average and worst-case scenarios. We also illustrate the potential for expert elicitation to provide parameter estimates when data are unavailable.
Spindle assembly checkpoint satisfaction occurs through end-on but not lateral kinetochore-microtubule interactions under tension
Authors: Kuhn Jonathan , Dumont Sophie 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTo ensure accurate chromosome segregation, the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) prevents anaphase until all kinetochores attach to the spindle. What signals the SAC monitors remains unclear. We do not know the contributions of different microtubule attachment features, or tension from biorientation, to SAC satisfaction in normal mitosis - or how these possible cues change during attachment. Here, we quantify concurrent Mad1 intensity, reporting on SAC silencing, and real-time attachment geometry, occupancy, and tension at individual mammalian kinetochores. We show that Mad1 loss from the kinetochore occurs in switch-like events with robust kinetics, and that metaphase-like tension across sister kinetochores is established just before Mad1 loss events at the first sister. We demonstrate that CenpE-mediated lateral attachment of the second sister can persistently generate this metaphase-like tension prior to biorientation, likely stabilizing sister end-on attachment, yet cannot induce Mad1 loss from that kinetochore. Instead, Mad1 loss begins after several end-on microtubules attach. Thus, end-on attachment provides geometry-specific molecular cues, or force on specific kinetochore linkages, that other attachment geometries cannot provide.SummaryThe spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) delays anaphase until kinetochores are properly attached to the spindle. The authors demonstrate that the SAC monitors geometry-specific molecular cues, or force on specific kinetochore linkages, that “end-on” but not “lateral” attachments generating persistent tension can provide.
Hybridization affects life-history traits and host specificity inDiorhabdaspp
Authors: Bitume E.V. , Bean D. , Stahlke A.R. , Hufbauer R.A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractHybridization is an influential evolutionary process that has been viewed alternatively as an evolutionary dead-end or as an important creative evolutionary force. In colonizing species, such as introduced biological control agents, hybridization can negate the effects of bottlenecks and genetic drift through increasing genetic variation. Such changes could be beneficial to a biological control program by increasing the chances of establishment success. However, hybridization can also lead to the emergence of transgressive phenotypes that could alter host specificity; an important consideration when assessing potential non-target impacts of planned agents. In a series of lab experiments, we investigated the effects of hybridization between three species ofDiorhabdareleased to control invasiveTamarix(saltcedar) on life history traits through two generations, and through the third generation for one cross. Depending on the cross, hybridization had either a positive or neutral impact on development time, adult mass, and fecundity. We evaluated preference for the target (saltcedar) relative to a non-target hostTamarixaphylla(athel), and found host specificity patterns varied in two of the three hybrids, demonstrating the possibility for hybridization to alter host preference. Importantly, the overall effects of hybridization were inconsistent by cross, leading to unpredictability in the outcome of using hybrids in biological control.