bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A prospective, cohort evaluation of major and minor airway management complications during routine anaesthetic care at an academic medical centre
Authors: Huitink J. M. , Lie P. P. , Heideman I. , Jansma E. P. , Greif R. , van Schagen N. , Schauer A. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryThe aim of this study was to develop an audit tool to identify prospectively all peri‐operative adverse events during airway management in a cost‐effective and reproducible way. All patients at VU University Medical Center who required general anaesthesia for elective and emergency surgical procedures were included during a period of 8 weeks. Daily questionnaires and interviews were taken from anaesthesia trainees and anaesthetic department staff members. A total of 2803 patients underwent general anaesthesia, 1384 men and 1419 women, including 2232 elective patients and 571 emergency procedures, 697 paediatric and 2106 adult surgical procedures. A total of 168 airway‐related events were reported. The incidence of severe airway management‐related events was 24/2803 (0.86%). There were 12 (0.42%) unanticipated ICU admissions, two patients (0.07%) required a surgical airway. There was one (0.04%) death, one cannot intubate cannot oxygenate (0.04%), one aspiration (0.04%) and eight (0.29%) severe desaturations < SpO2 50%. We suggest that our method to determine and investigate airway management‐related adverse events could be adopted by other hospitals.
Microvascular reactivity and endothelial glycocalyx degradation when administering hydroxyethyl starch or crystalloid during off‐pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a randomised trial
Authors: Kim T. K. , Nam K. , Cho Y. J. , Min J. J. , Hong Y. J. , Park K. U. , Hong D. M. , Jeon Y. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryThe infusion of fluids to patients may affect tissue microcirculation and the endothelial glycocalyx. However, the effects of hydroxyethyl starch and crystalloid on endothelial glycocalyx degradation and microvascular reactivity have not been evaluated in detail. We hypothesised that hydroxyethyl starch may cause less endothelial glycocalyx degradation and better microvascular reactivity than that caused by crystalloid. We randomly allocated 120 patients undergoing off‐pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery to receive up to 20 ml.kg−1 of either hydroxyethyl starch 670/0.75 or crystalloid for intra‐operative fluid resuscitation. Crystalloid was then infused to meet ongoing fluid requirements. During the peri‐operative period, vascular occlusion tests were performed to assess microvascular reactivity, and serum syndecan‐1 was measured as an index of endothelial glycocalyx degradation. The median (IQR [range]) fluid infused during surgery was significantly less in the hydroxyethyl starch group than the crystalloid group; 2800 (2150–3550 [1400–7300]) vs. 3925 (3100–4725 [1900–6700]) ml, respectively, p < 0.001. Vascular occlusion test parameters, including tissue oxygen saturation, occlusion and recovery slope did not differ significantly between the groups. Peri‐operative changes in syndecan‐1 were not significantly different between the groups. We conclude that, in patients undergoing off‐pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery, compared with crystalloid, the use of hydroxyethyl starch 670/0.75 did not result in significant differences in microvascular reactivity or endothelial glycocalyx degradation.
Intelligence quotient scores at the age of 6 years in children anaesthetised before the age of 5 years
Authors: de Heer I. J. , Tiemeier H. , Hoeks S. E. , Weber F. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryWe analysed the association of independent variables with non‐verbal cognition at 6 years in children with complete data (3441 from a cohort of 9901), of whom 415 were anaesthetised before the age of 5 years. Using multivariable regression, cognition was reduced by a mean (95% CI) score for children: anaesthetised before the age of 5 years, 2.1 (0.7–3.5), p = 0.004; born prematurely, 9.8 (4.1–15.4), p = 0.001; whose mothers smoked while pregnant, 2.3 (0.8–3.8), p = 0.004; whose mothers had lower IQ scores, 0.3 (0.2–0.3) for each unit reduction in maternal IQ, p < 0.0001. The association of child IQ with exposure to anaesthetic drugs was sensitive to missing data.
Pilot study demonstrates that salivary oxytocin can be measured unobtrusively in preterm infants
Authors: Kommers DR , Broeren MAC , Andriessen P , Oei SG , Feijs L , Bambang Oetomo S 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimThis study assessed the feasibility and obtrusiveness of measuring salivary oxytocin in preterm infants receiving Kangaroo care, because this is a period of maximal bonding or co‐regulation. We also analysed possible influential determinants, including maternal oxytocin.MethodsThe saliva of preterm infants and their mothers was collected prior to, and during, Kangaroo care using cotton swabs and pooled into vials until sufficient volumes were obtained to measure oxytocin levels using a radioimmunoassay. The obtrusiveness of the infants’ collections was measured with a Likert scale.ResultsSaliva was collected unobtrusively prior to, and during, 30 Kangaroo care sessions in 21 preterm infants. This resulted in three vials with sufficient volumes of before‐Kangaroo care saliva and three with during‐Kangaroo care saliva. Oxytocin was detectable in all six vials. The Kangaroo care duration and the intensity of the mother–infant interaction before and during Kangaroo care seemed to be the most important determinants, and these should preferably be standardised in any future trials.ConclusionOxytocin was measured unobtrusively in the pooled saliva of preterm infants both before and during Kangaroo care and could therefore be investigated as a biomarker in future studies.
Successful laparoscopic ligation for massive chylous ascites after rectal cancer surgery
Authors: Fukui Yudai , Shindoh Junichi , Matoba Shuichiro , Tomizawa Kenji , Hanaoka Yutaka , Toda Shigeo , Moriyama Jin , Kuroyanagi Hiroya 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA 53‐year‐old man was readmitted with abdominal distention 2 weeks after undergoing laparoscopic low anterior resection with para‐aortic lymphadenectomy for advanced rectal cancer (T4aN1M0, Stage IIIb). Ultrasound revealed massive ascites, and paracentesis revealed chylous fluid with a markedly elevated triglyceride level (1762 mg/dL). Despite conservative management, the fistula remained on postoperative day 120. On percutaneous lymphangiography, the chylous leakage point was clearly visualized at the para‐aortic site, and surgical intervention was planned. The abdominal cavity was carefully explored with laparoscopy, and the lymphatic leakage point was detected at the site of previous lymphadenectomy. Leakage was stopped with direct suture ligation and fibrin glue, and the patient was discharged 2 weeks later with no recurrence of the chylous fistula. Surgical intervention can be effective in select patients with a major chylous fistula that persists despite conservative therapy. When the leakage point is localized and detectable on percutaneous lymphangiography, the laparoscopic approach may be feasible.
What Justifies a Future with Humans in It?
Authors: Murphy Timothy F. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAntinatalist commentators recommend that humanity bring itself to a close, on the theory that pain and suffering override the value of any possible life. Other commentators do not require the voluntary extinction of human beings, but they defend that outcome if people were to choose against having children. Against such views, Richard Kraut has defended a general moral obligation to people the future with human beings until the workings of the universe render such efforts impossible. Kraut advances this view on the grounds that we are obliged to exercise beneficence toward others and on the grounds that the goods available in human lives are morally compelling. This account ultimately succeeds in making no more than a prima facie defense of human perpetuation because considerations of beneficence could override – in some cases probably should – override any duty to perpetuate human beings. While the goods of human life may be distinctive, they cannot serve as reason‐giving in regard to their own perpetuation. Ironically, the exercise of beneficence may authorize the extinction of human beings, if it becomes possible to enhance the goods available to human descendants in a way that moves them away from human nature as now given. The defense of a morally obligatory and strictly human future remains elusive, even as it becomes morally desirable to work against Fateful Catastrophes, those human‐caused events that threaten to extinguish existing lives already good and enriching for their bearers.
A Bayesian Integrative Approach for Multi-Platform Genomic Data: A Kidney Cancer Case Study
Authors: Chekouo Thierry , Stingo Francesco C. , Doecke James D. , Do Kim-Anh 
Published: September 2016

SummaryIntegration of genomic data from multiple platforms has the capability to increase precision, accuracy, and statistical power in the identification of prognostic biomarkers. A fundamental problem faced in many multi-platform studies is unbalanced sample sizes due to the inability to obtain measurements from all the platforms for all the patients in the study. We have developed a novel Bayesian approach that integrates multi-regression models to identify a small set of biomarkers that can accurately predict time-to-event outcomes. This method fully exploits the amount of available information across platforms and does not exclude any of the subjects from the analysis. Through simulations, we demonstrate the utility of our method and compare its performance to that of methods that do not borrow information across regression models. Motivated by The Cancer Genome Atlas kidney renal cell carcinoma dataset, our methodology provides novel insights missed by non-integrative models.
Testing Violations of the Exponential Assumption in Cancer Clinical Trials with Survival Endpoints
Authors: Han Gang , Schell Michael J. , Zhang Heping , Zelterman Daniel , Pusztai Lajos , Adelson Kerin , Hatzis Christos 
Published: September 2016

Summary
Personalized cancer therapy requires clinical trials with smaller sample sizes compared to trials involving unselected populations that have not been divided into biomarker subgroups. The use of exponential survival modeling for survival endpoints has the potential of gaining 35% efficiency or saving 28% required sample size (Miller, 1983), making personalized therapy trials more feasible. However, the use of exponential survival has not been fully accepted in cancer research practice due to uncertainty about whether or not the exponential assumption holds. We propose a test for identifying violations of the exponential assumption using a reduced piecewise exponential approach. Compared with an alternative goodness-of-fit test, which suffers from inflation of type I error rate under various censoring mechanisms, the proposed test maintains the correct type I error rate. We conduct power analysis using simulated data based on different types of cancer survival distribution in the SEER registry database, and demonstrate the implementation of this approach in existing cancer clinical trials.
Structure–activity relationship of caffeic acid phenethyl ester analogs as new 5‐lipoxygenase inhibitors
Authors: Doiron Jérémie A. , Leblanc Luc M. , Hébert Martin J. G. , Levesque Natalie A. , Paré Aurélie F. , Jean‐François Jacques , Cormier Marc , Surette Marc E. , Touaibia Mohamed 
Published: September 2016

Leukotrienes (LTs) are a class of lipid mediators implicated in numerous inflammatory disorders. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) possesses potent anti‐LTs activity through the inhibition of 5‐lipoxygenase (5‐LO), the key enzyme in the biosynthesis of LTs. In this study, we describe the design and synthesis of CAPE analogs as radical scavengers and 5‐LO inhibitors. Caffeic esters bearing propargyl and allyl linkers between the caffeoyl and aryl moieties (4a–i and 5a–i, respectively) were synthesized by Sonogashira and Heck cross‐coupling reactions to probe the effects of flexibility and aryl substitution on 5‐LO inhibition. Caffeoyl alcohol and ethers (6, 7a–b) as well as caffeoyl aldehyde and ketones (8a–e) were synthesized to elucidate the importance of the ester linkage for inhibitory activity. All tested compounds proved to be good radical scavengers (IC50 of 10–30 μm). After preliminary anti‐LTs activity screening in HEK293 cell models, 5‐LO inhibition potential of selected compounds was determined in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL). Most screened compounds outperformed CAPE 3 in concentration‐dependent assays on PMNL, with ester dimers 4i and 5i along with caffeoyl ethers 7a–b being roughly eight‐, seven‐, and 16‐fold more potent than Zileuton, with IC50 values of 0.36, 0.43, and 0.18 μm, respectively.
Physical fitness in preschool children: association with sex, age and weight status
Authors: Latorre Román P. Á. , Moreno del Castillo R. , Lucena Zurita M. , Salas Sánchez J. , García‐Pinillos F. , Mora López D. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundBecause fitness level is a potent biomarker of health from an early age, the improvements of physical fitness performance through the promotion of physical activity could be important for the health of preschool children, particularly in obesity prevention.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to determine the physical fitness in children aged 3–6 years, discriminating performance by sex, age and body mass index (BMI).MethodA total of 3868 children from 3 to 6 years agreed voluntarily to participate. Demographic characteristics revealed that 1961 children were male (age: 55.71 ± 11.11 months old, BMI = 16.03 ± 1.93 kg/m2), and 1907 were female (age 56.16 ± 0.97 months old, BMI = 15.85 ± 1.89 kg/m2), and they were selected from 51 schools in southern Spain.ResultsSignificant differences were found between sexes: boys showed a greater performance on cardio respiratory endurance, reaction time, strength and running speed. We found significant differences by sex in the different age groups (3, 4, 5 and 6 years old).ConclusionsSex differences in physical fitness are evident at an early age; in addition, the relationship between physical fitness and BMI is inconsistent in preschool children. The improvements of physical fitness performance and its association with physical activity could be important for the health of children, particularly in obesity prevention.
Birth and Adoptive Parent Antisocial Behavior and Parenting: A Study of Evocative Gene–Environment Correlation
Authors: Klahr Ashlea M. , Burt S. Alexandra , Leve Leslie D. , Shaw Daniel S. , Ganiban Jody M. , Reiss David , Neiderhiser Jenae M. 
Published: September 2016

Negative parenting is shaped by the genetically influenced characteristics of children (via evocative rGE) and by parental antisocial behavior; however, it is unclear how these factors jointly impact parenting. This study examined the effects of birth parent and adoptive parent antisocial behavior on negative parenting. Participants included 546 families within a prospective adoption study. Adoptive parent antisocial behavior emerged as a small but significant predictor of negative parenting at 18 months and of change in parenting from 18 to 27 months. Birth parent antisocial behavior predicted change in adoptive father's (but not mother's) parenting over time. These findings highlight the role of parent characteristics and suggest that evocative rGE effects on parenting may be small in magnitude in early childhood.
Implant Stability Quotients of Osteotome Bone Expansion and Conventional Drilling Technique for 4.1 mm Diameter Implant at Posterior Mandible
Authors: Hong Hsiang‐Hsi , Hong Adrienne , Yang Lan‐Yan , Chang Wei‐Yang , Huang Yi‐Fang , Lin Yen‐Ting 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundClinical conclusions in studying the stability and osseointegration of mandibular implants positioned using the bone expansion techniques are conflicting and limited.PurposeThe objective was to examine the implant stability quotient (ISQ) values of mandibular posterior dental implants with 4.1 mm diameter that inserted with osteotome bone expansion technique versus conventional drilling technique during a 12‐week observation period.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐four implants with 4.1mm diameter in 18 patients were included. Twelve implants in 10 patients were positioned using osteotome bone expansion technique, and 12 fixtures in 9 patients were installed using the conventional drilling technique. The ISQ values of a 3.3 mm diameter implant was measured at recipient sites (ISQb) before final drilling or expansion technique to standardize the increased ISQ value of 4.1 mm diameter implants. The ISQ values at Weeks 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 post‐surgery were recorded. Data were analyzed by Wilcoxon rank sum test, repeated measure ANOVA, and Fisher Lest Significant Difference test.ResultsCalibrated according to a 3.3‐mm‐diameter implant, bone expansion technique was adopted for the sites with ISQ≦65 bone density, and the areas with ISQ >65 bone condition were treated with conventional drilling technique (p =.038). Both groups presented a similar healing pattern and a comparable ISQ reading from Week 0 to Week 12 (p > .05) for 4.1 mm diameter implants. However, bone expansion technique could enhance more stability when the ISQ values were calibrated by 3.3 mm diameter implant (p < .05).ConclusionsBone expansion technique substantially increased more ISQ values from primary stability and achieved comparable primary and secondary stabilities with the conventional technique. Both groups reached a stability plateaus at Week 10.
Exploring Cognitive Relations Between Prediction in Language and Music
Authors: Patel Aniruddh D. , Morgan Emily 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe online processing of both music and language involves making predictions about upcoming material, but the relationship between prediction in these two domains is not well understood. Electrophysiological methods for studying individual differences in prediction in language processing have opened the door to new questions. Specifically, we ask whether individuals with musical training predict upcoming linguistic material more strongly and/or more accurately than non‐musicians. We propose two reasons why prediction in these two domains might be linked: (a) Musicians may have greater verbal short‐term/working memory; (b) music may specifically reward predictions based on hierarchical structure. We provide suggestions as to how to expand upon recent work on individual differences in language processing to test these hypotheses.
The Pursuit of Word Meanings
Authors: Stevens Jon Scott , Gleitman Lila R. , Trueswell John C. , Yang Charles 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe evaluate here the performance of four models of cross‐situational word learning: two global models, which extract and retain multiple referential alternatives from each word occurrence; and two local models, which extract just a single referent from each occurrence. One of these local models, dubbedPursuit, uses an associative learning mechanism to estimate word‐referent probability but pursues and tests the best referent‐meaning at any given time.Pursuitis found to perform as well as global models under many conditions extracted from naturalistic corpora of parent‐child interactions, even though the model maintains far less information than global models. Moreover,Pursuitis found to best capture human experimental findings from several relevant cross‐situational word‐learning experiments, including those of Yu and Smith (), the paradigm example of a finding believed to support fully global cross‐situational models. Implications and limitations of these results are discussed, most notably that the model characterizes only the earliest stages of word learning, when reliance on the co‐occurring referent world is at its greatest.
Effect of GLP‐1 receptor agonist treatment on body weight in obese antipsychotic‐treated patients with schizophrenia: a randomized, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Ishøy Pelle L. , Knop Filip K. , Broberg Brian V. , Bak Nikolaj , Andersen Ulrik B. , Jørgensen Niklas R. , Holst Jens J. , Glenthøj Birte Y. , Ebdrup Bjørn H. 
Published: September 2016

AimsSchizophrenia is associated with cardiovascular co‐morbidity and a reduced life‐expectancy of up to 20 years. Antipsychotics are dopamine D2
receptor antagonists and are the standard of medical care in schizophrenia, but the drugs are associated with severe metabolic side effects such as obesity and diabetes. Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) are registered for treatment of both obesity and type 2 diabetes. We investigated metabolic effects of the GLP‐1RA, exenatide once‐weekly, in non‐diabetic, antipsychotic‐treated, obese patients with schizophrenia.Material and methodsAntipsychotic‐treated, obese, non‐diabetic, schizophrenia spectrum patients were randomized to double‐blinded adjunctive treatment with once‐weekly subcutaneous exenatide (n = 23) or placebo (n = 22) injections for 3 months. The primary outcome was loss of body weight after treatment and repeated measures analysis of variance was used as statistical analysis.ResultsBetween March 2013 and June 2015, 40 patients completed the trial. At baseline, mean body weight was 118.3 ± 16.0 kg in the exenatide group and 111.7 ± 18.0 kg in the placebo group, with no group differences (
P
= .23). The exenatide and placebo groups experienced significant (
P
= .004), however similar (
P
= .98), weight losses of 2.24 ± 3.3 and 2.23 ± 4.4 kg, respectively, after 3 months of treatment.ConclusionsTreatment with exenatide once‐weekly did not promote weight loss in obese, antipsychotic‐treated patients with schizophrenia compared to placebo. Our results could suggest that the body weight‐lowering effect of GLP‐1RAs involves dopaminergic signaling, but blockade of other receptor systems may also play a role. Nevertheless, anti‐obesity regimens effective in the general population may not be readily implemented in antipsychotic‐treated patients with schizophrenia.