bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Azimuthal and Radial Variation of Wind-Generated Surface Waves inside Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Hwang Paul A. , Walsh Edward J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractFor wind-generated waves, the wind-wave triplets (reference wind speed, significant wave height, and spectral peak wave period) are intimately connected through the fetch- or duration-limited wave growth functions. The full set of the triplets can be obtained knowing only one of the three, together with the input of fetch (duration) information using the pair of fetch-limited (duration limited) wave growth functions. The air–sea energy and momentum exchanges are functions of the wind-wave triplets, and they can be quantified with the wind-wave growth functions. Previous studies have shown that the wave development inside hurricanes follows essentially the same growth functions established for steady wind forcing conditions. This paper presents the analysis of wind-wave triplets collected inside Hurricane Bonnie 1998 at category 2 stage along 10 transects radiating from the hurricane center. A fetch model is formulated for any location inside the hurricane. Applying the fetch model to the 2D hurricane wind field, the detailed spatial distribution of the wave field and the associated energy and momentum exchanges inside the hurricane are investigated. For the case studied, the energy and momentum exchanges display two local maxima resulting from different weightings of wave age and wind speed. Referenced to the hurricane heading, the exchanges on the right half plane of the hurricane are much stronger than those on the left half plane. Integrated over the hurricane coverage area, the right-to-left ratio is about 3:1 for both energy and momentum exchanges. Computed exchange rates with and without considering wave properties differ significantly.
Sexuality education in South African schools: The challenge for civil society organisations
Authors: Adams Tucker Leigh , George Gavin , Reardon Candice , Panday Saadhna 
Published: June 2016

Objective: Drawing on the perceptions of various key stakeholders, the paper explores the strengths and limitations of involving civil society organisations in the delivery of HIV and AIDS and sexuality education in South African schools. Design: Qualitative study with a cross-sectional design. Setting: Research was conducted at 16 public secondary schools in KwaZulu-Natal, Gauteng and Mpumalanga provinces in South Africa. Methods: Focus group discussions were held with Grade 9 and 11 learners, aged 14–18 years, and interviews with Life Orientation educators, Heads of Department and local civil society organisations. Results: School engagement with civil society organisations may include (1) the delivery of life skills programmes and talks, (2) assisting learners with accessing support services, and (3) the provision of teaching resources for Life Orientation educators and schools. The involvement of external organisations was often favoured for the youthful age of facilitators, shared personal experiences, novel learning activities and the overall separateness from schooling structures whereby personal disclosure or the provision of services were unlikely to influence school functioning. On-site Life Orientation educators were favoured for their consistent availability and familiarity, discipline, teaching experience and classroom management skills. Conclusion: Opportunities exist for collaboration between Life Orientation educators and civil society organisations in the future delivery of sexuality education. Potential partnerships may allow mutual expertise to be harnessed and alleviation of time and resource pressures. However, collaboration requires dialogue to clarify roles and to minimise resistance in schools. Effective monitoring and evaluation at a national or provincial level is also needed to help schools assessing the suitability of particular civil society organisations.
Developing a mind–body exercise programme for stressed children
Authors: Wang Claudia , Seo Dong-Chul , Geib Roy W 
Published: June 2016

Objective: To describe the process of developing a Health Qigong programme for stressed children using a formative evaluation approach. Methods: A multi-step formative evaluation method was utilised. These steps included (1) identifying programme content and drafting the curriculum, (2) synthesising effective and age-appropriate pedagogies, (3) consulting an expert panel, (4) teaching pilot lessons and soliciting feedback from students and (5) revising and finalising the programme. Results: A total of 16 theme-based lessons were generated in order to help children manage stress by imitating interesting plants and animals, such as sunflowers, pine trees, white cranes, tigers, sleeping lions and deer. Five age-appropriate teaching strategies were synthesised to make the programme fun and enjoyable for children. These included (1) using theme-based lesson plans, (2) building mind–body connections, (3) balancing repetition and creativity, (4) interweaving pictures, stories, volunteers and teamwork and (5) involving parents and school teachers. Modifications based on feedback from the expert panel and students were incorporated to make the programme relevant to elementary school settings. Conclusion: This Health Qigong for Stressed Children programme appears effective in reducing stress over a 16-week period. Future studies should explore the efficacy and wider applicability of the programme with a larger and more diverse population of children.
Improving the practice of the World Health Organisation’s surgical pause checklist at a tertiary paediatric surgical unit
Authors: Montgomery Kieran , Khan Imran , Thomson Kathleen , Wynne David 
Published: June 2016

Background and aims The World Health Organisation (WHO) surgical checklist acts as a safety check before surgery. The three components are: sign in, surgical pause and sign out. This study aims to assess and improve the surgical pause at a tertiary paediatric surgical unit. Methods and results Theatre nurses used as a standardised tool to record how the pause was carried out. All other theatre staff were blinded. Presentation of these data at departmental meetings allowed creation of a checklist poster which was placed in every theatre. Data collection was repeated five months later. Data on 114 operations were initially collected. Fifty-one per cent of operations completed all four steps to guideline. Introduction step met guideline in 61% of operations, identity and procedure in 90%, checklist in 98% and concerns in 71%. Following intervention, data were collected from 39 operations; 77% of operations completed all four steps to guideline. Introduction step met guideline in 87% of operations, identity and procedure in 100%, checklist in 100% and concerns in 90%. Conclusions This study shows that by engaging with theatre staff to create an acceptable checklist poster, better standard of patient safety in the operating theatre can be achieved.
Mini-aortic surgery with percutaneous cannulation and rapid-deployment valve
Authors: Bruno Piergiorgio , Farina Piero , Cammertoni Federico , Biondi Raoul , Perri Gianluigi , Di Cesare Alessandro , Crea Filippo , Massetti Massimo 
Published: June 2016

Background We aimed to evaluate the results of the combined use of rapid-deployment valves, percutaneous cardioplegia delivery and left heart venting during minimally invasive aortic valve replacement surgery. Methods We identified 2 propensity-matched cohorts of patients who underwent primary elective isolated minimally invasive aortic valve surgery at our center over a 3-years period: 30 patients in group A had a conventional valve prosthesis and 30 patients in group B received a rapid-deployment valve using percutaneous cardioplegia delivery and percutaneous left heart venting. Skin incision length, intraoperative times, postoperative hospital outcomes, and 30-day echocardiographic results were compared between the 2 groups. Results Patients in group B had significantly shorter operative times and shorter skin incisions compared to group A (total operative time 196.0 ± 40.6 vs. 225.1 ± 30.8 min, respectively, p < 0.003; cardiopulmonary bypass time 79.9 ± 10.6 vs. 92.9 ± 17.2 min respectively, p < 0.001; crossclamp time 52.3 ± 9.6 vs. 74.9 ± 10.2 min, respectively, p < 0.001; incision length 3.6 ± 0.5 vs. 6.0 ± 0.6 cm, respectively, p < 0.001). Postoperative hospital outcomes and echocardiographic evaluation showed no significant differences. Conclusions The combined use of rapid-deployment valves, percutaneous cardioplegia, and left heart venting is safe and effective and allows a significant reduction of the skin incision together with a significant reduction of intraoperative times without affecting hospital outcomes or hemodynamic performance of the prosthetic valves.
Feasibility study of reduced field of view diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in head and neck tumors
Authors: Vidiri Antonello , Minosse Silvia , Piludu Francesca , Curione Davide , Pichi Barbara , Spriano Giuseppe , Marzi Simona 
Published: June 2016

Background Reduced field of view (rFOV) imaging may be used to improve the quality of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the head and neck (HN) region. Purpose To evaluate the feasibility of rFOV-DWI in patients affected by HN tumors, through a comparison with conventional full FOV (fFOV) DWI. Material and Methods Twenty-two patients with histologically-proven malignant or benign tumors of the head and neck were included in a retrospective study. All patients underwent pre-treatment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies including rFOV-DWI and fFOV-DWI. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value distributions inside tumor and muscle were derived and the mean, standard deviation (SD), and kurtosis were calculated. Image distortion was quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated, as well as the capability of lesion identification. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare all variables. Agreements between the ADC estimations were assessed by Bland–Altman plots. Results Image distortion and lesion identification scores were both higher for rFOV-DWI compared to fFOV-DWI. A reduction in ADC values with rFOV-DWI emerged for both lesion and muscle, with a mean percentage difference in ADC of 6.2% in the lesions and 24.9% in the muscle. The difference in SD of ADC was statistically significant in the lesions, indicating a higher ADC homogeneity for rFOV DWI ( P = 0.005). Conclusion The application of rFOV DWI in patients affected by HN tumors is feasible and promising, based on both qualitative and quantitative analyses. This technique has potential for improving the diagnostic accuracy of fFOV-DWI for the study of specific tumoral areas.
Greater occipital nerve block for the acute treatment of prolonged or persistent migraine aura
Authors: Cuadrado María L , Aledo-Serrano Ángel , López-Ruiz Pedro , Gutiérrez-Viedma Álvaro , Fernández Cristina , Orviz Aida , Arias José A 
Published: June 2016

Background Presently, there is no evidence to guide the acute treatment of migraine aura. We aimed to describe the effect of greater occipital nerve (GON) anaesthetic block as a symptomatic treatment for long-lasting (prolonged or persistent) migraine aura. Methods Patients who presented with migraine aura lasting > 2 hours were consecutively recruited during one year at the Headache Unit and the Emergency Department of a tertiary hospital. All patients underwent a bilateral GON block with bupivacaine 0.5%. Patients were followed up for 24 hours. Results A total of 22 auras were treated in 18 patients. Auras consisted of visual ( n = 13), visual and sensory ( n = 4) or sensory symptoms alone ( n = 5). Eleven episodes met diagnostic criteria for persistent aura (>1 week) without infarction. The response was complete without early recurrence in 11 cases (50%), complete with recurrence in < 24 hours in two cases (9.1%), and partial with ≥ 50% improvement in six cases (27.3%). Complete responses without recurrence were more common in cases with prolonged auras lasting < 1 week than in those with persistent auras (72.7% vs. 27.3%; p = 0.033). Conclusions GON block could be an effective symptomatic treatment for prolonged or persistent migraine aura. Randomised controlled trials are still required to confirm these results.
Re-reading Friedrich Hayek and Karl Polanyi in the Late-Modern Condition of Fragility
Authors: Cha Taesuh 
Published: June 2016

The cardinal role of complexity in Friedrich Hayek’s theory of the market has hardly gone unnoticed. Indeed, there is now a considerable corpus of literature that has established the importance of spontaneity as a central concept around which neoliberal economic theory revolves. However, as William Connolly analyzes, its closed conception of economic processes simplifies real economic volatilities and ignores both modes of self-organization and creativity found in democracy and social movements that periodically irrupt into market processes. This article builds upon this critique of neoliberalism and employs Karl Polanyi’s genealogy of modern capitalism to understand historical imbrications between the market and the social and their contribution to the fragility of capitalism. Polanyi’s notions of “(dis-)embeddedness” and the “double movement” not only show us a more “complex” view of modern political economy but also provide us with important lessons for political responses to the recent crisis of neoliberal capitalism. Connolly WE (2013) The Fragility of Things: Self-Organizing Processes, Neoliberal Fantasies, and Democratic Activism. Durham: Duke University Press. Hayek F (1973) Rules and Order. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Hayek F (1976) The Mirage of Social Justice. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Polanyi K (1944) The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time. Boston: Beacon Press.
Development and assessment of inter- and intra-rater reliability of a novel ultrasound tool for scoring tendon and sheath disease – A pilot study
Authors: Horton L , Emery P , Marshall P 
Published: June 2016

Background Tendon and synovial sheath disease is common. A method of monitoring the status of tendons and sheaths is important for both diagnosis of pathology and evaluation of the efficacy of treatments. For this study, an ultrasound scoring tool was developed and its reliability tested between raters. The tool is novel in that it scores tendons and sheaths separately, an important consideration since disorders of these structures are not necessarily concurrent. Methods Thirty diseased tendons and sheaths were included in this pilot cross-sectional study. Tendon and sheath measurements were taken and the semi-quantitative five-grade score was applied to assess tendon greyscale, tendon Doppler activity and sheath Doppler activity. Inter-rater and intra-rater agreement exercises were undertaken to test the reliability of the scoring tool. Results The Intra-class Correlation Coefficient values for both the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability tests showed excellent agreement for the tendon and sheath measurements. Unweighted kappa estimations for inter-rater scores showed excellent agreement for tendon Doppler; good agreement was shown for scoring sheath Doppler, while poor agreement was shown for tendon grey-scale scoring. The intra-rater reliability scores demonstrated similar results. Conclusion Overall, the study strongly supports the use of this scoring tool for the diagnosis and follow-up of tendon and sheath disorders. The results may be used as a starting point from which to base further work in this important area. Future studies should address the limitations found in this research with a strong focus on improving tendon grey-scale measurement accuracy and agreement.
Poor health knowledge and behaviour is a risk for the spread of antibiotic resistance: survey of higher secondary school students in Goa, India
Authors: Almeida Santimano Nerissa ML , Foxcroft David R 
Published: June 2016

Aims: We assessed antibiotic knowledge and practice among youth in India, where antibiotics are widely available without prescription. Methods: Randomly selected school questionnaire survey representing four regions in Goa, India, with students ( n = 773) aged 16–17. Results: Most students (67%) were unaware of the problem of antibiotic resistance, with around half (49%) mistakenly thinking that bacteria cause cold or flu. Around one-fifth (19%) said they frequently self-medicate with antibiotics, 57% would discontinue antibiotics when symptoms alleviated and 24% stored unused antibiotics at home. Generalised linear mixed models (GLMM) showed that females consistently had poorer antibiotic knowledge than males. Especially notable were the higher odds in females for reporting incorrectly that antibiotics kill harmful viruses (odds ratio (OR) = 1.93; 99.5% confidence interval (CI) = 1.09–3.41) and for reporting incorrectly that antibiotics do not kill harmless bacteria (OR = 2.02; 99.5% CI = 1.16–3.51). Poor antibiotic practice was not clearly differentiated between males and females. In terms of poor antibiotic practice, one model showed notable results for educational stream: both arts and commerce students were more likely than science students to say they would discontinue antibiotics when symptoms alleviated and before the antibiotic course of treatment was finished (arts: OR = 2.76; 99.5% CI = 1.58–4.82 and commerce: OR = 1.79; 99.5% CI = 1.06–3.04). Conclusion: Young adults in India had poor antibiotic knowledge and practice. Efforts to improve antibiotic health knowledge and safe practice are required to help prevent the spread of antibiotic resistance.
The Influence of Wait Time on Patient Satisfaction in the Orthopedic Clinic
Authors: Kreitz Tyler M , Winters Brian S , Pedowitz David I 
Published: June 2016

Introduction: Patient satisfaction is of increasing importance in the delivery of quality healthcare and may influence provider reimbursement. The purpose of this study is to examine how patient wait time relates to their level of satisfaction and likelihood to recommend an orthopedic clinic to others. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on standardized new patient survey data collected at a single orthopedic clinic from June 2011 through October 2014. Results: A total of 3125 and 3151 responses were collected for satisfaction and likelihood to recommend the practice. The mean wait time was 27.3 ± 11.3 minutes. The likelihood of obtaining an “excellent” (odds ratio [OR]: 0.86, P = .01081) or “excellent/very good” (OR: 0.82, P = .0199) satisfaction demonstrated significant correlation with wait time in 15-minute intervals. The likelihood of obtaining an “agree” (OR: 0.9, P = .10575) and “strongly agree/agree” (OR: 0.85, P = .139) response to recommend the practice demonstrated no correlation during the same interval. Conclusion: Minimizing wait times in the orthopedic clinic may improve patient satisfaction but may not affect their likelihood of recommending the practice to others.
JAK2 exon 12 mutant mice display isolated erythrocytosis and changes in iron metabolism favoring increased erythropoiesis
Authors: Grisouard Jean , Li Sai , Kubovcakova Lucia , Rao Tata Nageswara , Meyer Sara C. , Lundberg Pontus , Hao-Shen Hui , Romanet Vincent , Murakami Masato , Radimerski Thomas , Dirnhofer Stephan , Skoda Radek C. 
Published: June 2016

Key Points
Mice expressing a JAK2 exon 12 mutation display isolated erythrocytosis similar to the majority of patients with JAK2 exon 12 mutations. JAK2 exon 12 mutation induces changes in iron metabolism that increase iron availability to allow maximal production of red cells.
Classification of polyhedral shapes from individual anisotropically resolved cryo-electron tomography reconstructions
Authors: Bag Sukantadev , Prentice Michael B , Liang Mingzhi , Warren Martin J , Roy Choudhury Kingshuk 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Background
Cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) enables 3D imaging of macromolecular structures. Reconstructed cryo-ET images have a “missing wedge” of data loss due to limitations in rotation of the mounting stage. Most current approaches for structure determination improve cryo-ET resolution either by some form of sub-tomogram averaging or template matching, respectively precluding detection of shapes that vary across objects or are a priori unknown. Various macromolecular structures possess polyhedral structure. We propose a classification method for polyhedral shapes from incomplete individual cryo-ET reconstructions, based on topological features of an extracted polyhedral graph (PG).

Results
We outline a pipeline for extracting PG from 3-D cryo-ET reconstructions. For classification, we construct a reference library of regular polyhedra. Using geometric simulation, we construct a non-parametric estimate of the distribution of possible incomplete PGs. In studies with simulated data, a Bayes classifier constructed using these distributions has an average test set misclassification error of < 5 % with upto 30 % of the object missing, suggesting accurate polyhedral shape classification is possible from individual incomplete cryo-ET reconstructions. We also demonstrate how the method can be made robust to mis-specification of the PG using an SVM based classifier. The methodology is applied to cryo-ET reconstructions of 30 micro-compartments isolated from E. coli bacteria.

Conclusions
The predicted shapes aren’t unique, but all belong to the non-symmetric Johnson solid family, illustrating the potential of this approach to study variation in polyhedral macromolecular structures.