bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
POTENSI EKSTRAK GAMBIR, SIRIH-SIRIHAN DAN SAMBILOTO UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN Aphis schneideri PADA TANAMAN Klausena
Authors: Idris Herwita , Nurmansyah NFN 
Published: April 2017

<p class="IsiabstrakIndonesia">Pestisida yang berasal dari tanaman relatif aman terhadap organisme bukan sasaran dan ramah lingkungan dibandingkan dengan pestisida berbahan aktif kimia sintetik. Gambir, sirih-sirihan dan sambiloto merupakan tanaman potensial sebagai sumber pestisida nabati. Tanaman-tanaman tersebut mengandung senyawa fenolik, minyak atsiri dan metabolit lainnya yang belum dieksplorasi pemanfaatannya. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengobservasi potensi ekstrak tanaman gambir, sirih-sirihan, dan sambiloto dalam menanggulangi serangga hama <em>Aphis schneideri </em>yang sering menyerang tanaman<em> </em>klausena. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap, empat ulangan. Perlakuan yang diuji terdiri dari ekstrak gambir, sambiloto, dan sirih-sirihan, masing-masing dengan tingkat konsentrasi yang berbeda (8, 12, dan 16 ml l<sup>-l</sup>) serta kontrol (tanpa perlakuan). Penelitian dilaksanakan di Rumah Kaca Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat Laing, Solok dari Februari sampai Agustus 2015. Parameter yang diamati adalah persentase kematian (mortalitas) nimfa dan imago. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak tanaman gambir, sirih-sirihan, dan sambiloto bersifat insektisidal terhadap serangga hama <em>A. schneideri</em>. Ekstrak gambir pada konsentrasi 16 ml l<sup>-l</sup> mampu mengendalikan nimfa dan imago <em>A. schneideri</em> 100% pada 6 jam setelah aplikasi, sedangkan ekstrak sambiloto pada tingkat konsentrasi yang sama dengan gambir memerlukan waktu 36 jam setelah aplikasi untuk mencapai mortalitas 100%. Ekstrak sirih-sirihan memiliki efikasi terendah dibanding gambir dan sambiloto dengan tingkat mortalitas hanya mencapai 63,83% (nimfa) dan 65,44% (imago) pada 36 jam setelah aplikasi. Ekstrak gambir paling potensial sebagai pestisida nabati untuk mengedalikan <em>A. schneideri</em> dibandingkan dengan ekstrak sirih-sirihan dan sambiloto. Perlu pengujian lapangan untuk mengetahui keefektifan ekstrak gambir dalam mengendalikan serangan hama<em> A. schneideri </em>pada tanaman klausena.</p>
Soil Organic Carbon Changes to Increasing Cropping Intensity and No‐Till in a Semiarid Climate
Authors: Engel Richard E. , Miller Perry R. , McConkey Brian G. , Wallander Roseann 
Published: April 2017

Core Ideas
After 10‐yr, NT annual cropping systems resulted in greater soil organic C mass relative to tilled fallow‐wheat.
Cropping system intensity was more important to SOC mass than tillage.
Changes in SOC mass were directly related to NPP and total C inputs.
Annual cropping with NT management resulted in greater SOC mass (0–30 cm) than F‐W systems.
SOC accretion was greatest in the CRP system.
Soil organic C (SOC) in the semiarid Northern Great Plains (NGP) can benefit from increasing cropping intensity. We evaluated the effect of annual cropping on stocks of SOC adjusted for equivalent mass (SOCEM; 0–30 cm) and the change in SOC adjusted for equivalent mass (ΔSOCEM) over 10‐yr at a field site (45°40′N, 111°09′ W) near Bozeman, MT. The experiment consisted of two fallow‐wheat (Triticum aestivum L.; F‐W) rotations under till and no‐till (NT), and five annual cropping systems under NT factored with two N levels (moderate and high), and alfalfa–perennial grass system (Conservation Reserve Program, CRP). After 10‐yr, we found SOCEM of five NT annual cropping ( = 37.4 Mg ha–1) was significantly (P < 0.01) greater than NT F‐W (35.1 Mg ha–1), and till F‐W (33.7 Mg ha–1). The greatest SOCEM was found in CRP (39.9 Mg ha–1). Accretion of SOCEM was observed in three systems with the largest gains occurring in the CRP (0.24 Mg ha–1 yr–1), followed by NT continuous wheat (0.13 Mg ha–1 yr–1) and NT pea (Pisum sativum L.)/oil seed–wheat (0.09 Mg ha–1 yr–1). Soil organic C loss was observed in all other systems with the largest loss in the till F‐W (–0.29 Mg ha–1 yr–1). Among the cropping systems, ∆SOCEM was directly related to net primary productivity (NPP; r2 = 0.73) and total C (TC; shoot + root + rhizodeposit) inputs (r2 = 0.86). We found SOCEM was maintained at 7.0 Mg ha–1 yr–1 of net primary productivity (NPP) and 2.6 Mg ha–1 yr–1 of TC inputs with accretion and loss occurring above and below these thresholds.
A cooperação federativa em recursos hídricos: diagnóstico da Bacia do Rio Tramandaí
Authors: GOVONI Bruna , OLIVEIRA Celmar Corrêa de 
Published: April 2017

<span>A água é um bem circulante, fazendo perceptível a interdependência hidrológica, de tal forma que o uso indevido a montante prejudica os usuários a jusante de um corpo hídrico. A gestão dos recursos hídricos alinhada às normas constitucionais e integrada à gestão ambiental tem como foco resolver as questões de escassez relativa desses recursos e assegurar a oferta de água com qualidade à população compatibilizando as demandas qualitativas e quantitativas com os limites da disponibilidade hídrica e preservando as funções dos ecossistemas. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar como o emprego da cooperação na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Tramandaí pode contribuir na minimização de impactos ambientais e equacionar as questões de escassez desses recursos. Na pesquisa, optou-se por desenvolver um estudo qualitativo, partindo da hipótese de que a cooperação institucional é subutilizada na área de recursos hídricos, sendo possível considerar o emprego de novas formas de gestão. Adotou-se como referência a metodologia proposta em “Gestão dos Recursos Hídricos Transfronteiriços” (WATKINS, 2006), em especial, os critérios utilizados para identificar a interdependência hidrológica e os requisitos necessários para a cooperação. Como resultados foram identificados dois problemas: a singularidade negativa do balanço hídrico quantitativo nos meses de dezembro a março e a poluição da Lagoa do Marcelino Ramos. Com a aplicação do método, a cooperação mediante consórcio público e convênio de cooperação mostrou uma relação custo-benefício desfavorável. Ações dos Órgãos ambientais de fiscalização mostram-se necessárias para que obras de tratamento do esgoto doméstico e a despoluição da Lagoa do Marcelino sejam realizadas.</span>
Administrative mass data linking minimal/zero false positives
Authors: Povey Chris 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
ObjectivesPart of eHealth project in Scotland to assign a health index to all electronic patient records. One off extracts from live and historical records were posted to a record linkage department where deterministic and Newcombe probability mass matching was performed to assign the Scottish GP registration (CHI) number. These were real world administrative matches with emphasis on minimal false positives rather than maximum acceptable match rates.
ApproachEarly investigations examined the causes of false positive matching. A running window of incomer match scores, instead of only the highest pair score indicated that highest pair Binit scores, even well above acceptance threshold yielded spurious matches and that lower scoring pair matches for the same incomer were more acceptable. A single threshold would not work. The customers were invited to clerically check the matches; their heuristic strategies were observed and incorporated into an automated partitioning exercise.
ResultsDeterministic match rates below 70% were considered very poor. 70-80% poor, 80-85% average, 85-90% good, >90% excellent. The residual unmatched incomers were processed using Newcombe methods, then through the partitioning exercise. 90-95% (deterministic+residual) match rates were viewed as average, 95-98 % as good, 98-100% as excellent. Several deterministic match runs were passed through the residue process early in the exercise, any false positive thrown up by this caused a change in the deterministic process to eradicate errors. Roughly 1000 linkage exercises were done for the eHealth project.
ConclusionsThis was a joint exercise where the linkage department delivered potential match pairs to the customer. The customer then decided on the partitions they were willing to accept. All the potential pairs were sent with a checking engine to view the outcome. Most elected to accept only deterministic matches. Some accepted linkage department advice; often the linkers would clerically flag accepted and rejected pair matches for the customers to review. There was a pilot administrative matching project to assign the health index to social service data in Scotland called eCare which started after the eHealth exercise; in both, the customers were requested to alert us with any false positives - no alerts were received. The same methods were used in the recent exercise to de-duplicate and merge all Glasgow's hospital records; the customer was very used to the methodology, so more checking work by the linker was accepted to achieve higher match rates. A method to estimate false positive rates is proposed.
New Zealand’s Integrated Data Infrastructure (IDI): Value to date and future opportunities
Authors: Atkinson June , Blakely Tony 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
ObjectivesStatistics New Zealand, the official statistics agency of the New Zealand (NZ) Government, has developed an Integrated Data Infrastructure (IDI). We aimed to review the value of the IDI to date from a research perspective and to consider the opportunities it provides.
ApproachWe considered recent projects in which we have been involved: the New Zealand Census-Mortality and CancerTrends studies (NZCMS/CT), a Suicide Mortality Review Committee (SuMRC) feasibility trial, and a study on cardiovascular disease costs in NZ. We also considered IDI-related work published by other agencies and the views expressed at IDI meetings involving health and social sector personnel.
ResultsSince 1993 in NZ, it has been possible to link all official health datasets using the National Health Index (NHI) number. However it was much more difficult to link health data with data from other sources. Studies often involved much ad hoc data linkage, with different versions of the same data being stored in multiple sites resulting in data integrity and security issues. The IDI provides one place to securely link the various data sources then make the anonymised data available for research for public good.
The IDI provides the following advantages:

Administrative data sources are available in one place nationally rather than many data silos.
Health data can be linked with other administrative data eg, tax, education, crime, migration, welfare, housing, population census.
It facilitates collaboration between agencies and the sharing of code and associated documentation.
Increased use of these data means there is more feedback to the source government agencies around data collection standards and data quality issues.
It allows for nationally-standardised processes for ensuring that only responsible and capable researchers with appropriate research questions have access to the relevant anonymised data.
Perhaps the greatest long-term research potential is with the repeated measures data, allowing analyses with greater potential causal inference than previously available.
All the above reduce the cost of doing research as well as assisting government departments with evaluation and costing studies.

ConclusionsNZ is making good progress with integration of administrative data from the health and social sectors. The IDI is a valuable tool for advancing research that provides government departments and academic researchers with new insights into complex social issues such as crime and vulnerable children. It allows government to target limited resources to those areas where the greatest long-term benefit might be made.
Zone design for statistical disclosure control in administrative and linked microdata
Authors: Robards James , Martin David , Gale Chris 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
ObjectivesTo explore the application of automated zone design tools to protect record-level datasets with attribute detail and a large data volume in a way that might be implemented by a data provider (e.g. National Statistical Organisation/Health Service Provider), initially using a synthetic microdataset. Successful implementation could facilitate the release of rich linked record datasets to researchers so as to preserve small area geographical associations, while not revealing actual locations which are currently lost due to the high level of geographical coding required by data providers prior to release to researchers. Data perturbation is undesirable because of the need for detailed information on certain spatial attributes (e.g. distance to a medical practitioner, exposure to local environment) which has driven demand for new linked administrative datasets, along with provision of suitable research environments. The outcome is a bespoke aggregation of the microdata that meets a set of design constraints but the exact configuration of which is never revealed. Researchers are provided with detailed data and suitable geographies, yet with appropriately reduced disclosure risk.
ApproachUsing a synthetic flat file microdataset of individual records with locality-level (MSOA) geography codes for England and Wales (variables: age, gender, economic activity, marital status, occupation, number of hours worked and general health), we synthesize address-level locations within MSOAs using 2011 Census headcount data. These synthetic locations are then associated with a range of spatial measures and indicators such as distance to a medical practitioner. Implementation of the AZTool zone design software enables a bespoke, non-disclosive zone design solution, providing area codes that can be added to the research data without revealing their true locations to the researcher.
ResultsTwo sets of results will be presented. Firstly, we will explain the spatial characteristics of the new synthetic dataset which we propose may have broader utility. Secondly, we will present results showing changing risk of disclosure and utility when coding to spatial units from different scales and aggregations. Using the synthetic dataset will therefore demonstrate the utility of the approach for a variety of linked and administrative data without any actual disclosure risk.
ConclusionsThis approach is applicable to a variety of datasets. The ability to quantify the zone design solution and security in relation to statistical disclosure control will be discussed. Provision of parameters from the zone design process to the data user and the implications of this for security and data users will be considered.
Evaluating the Completness of Physician Billing Claims: A Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Lix Lisa , Kuwornu John Paul , Kephart George , Sikdar Khokan , Smith Mark , Kroeker Kristine , Quan Hude 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectivesAn increasing number of physicians are remunerated by alternative forms of payment, instead of conventional fee-for-service (FFS) payments. Changes in physician remuneration methods can to influence the completeness of physician billing claims databases, because physicians on alternative payments may not consistently complete billing records. However, there is no established technique to estimate the magnitude of data loss. This proof-of-concept study estimated completeness of physician claims by comparing them with prescription drug records. We applied the method to estimate completeness of non-fee-for-service (NFFS) and FFS physician claims data over time in Manitoba, Canada.
ApproachOur method uses information on the date of patient initiation of a new prescription medication, payment method of the prescribing physician, and presence/absence of a physician billing claim prior to the medication initiation date. A billing claim within 7 days of the medication initiation date was defined as a captured claim; if there was no claim in this observation window, it was classified as missed. Our method was applied to annual patient cohorts who initiated a common prescription medication (i.e., anti-hypertensives) between fiscal years 1998/99 and 2012/13. A sensitivity analysis used a 21-day observation window to identify captured/missing claims. Multivariable hierarchical logistic regression models tested patient and prescriber characteristics associated with missing claims.
ResultsThe cohort consisted of 274, 462 individuals with a new anti-hypertensive prescription medication. A total of 9.2% of the cohort had a NFFS prescribing physician in 1998/99; this increased to 20.2% in 2012/13 (linear trend p-value < .0001). The percentage of NFFS prescribers almost doubled, from 10.0% to 17.8%. The percentage of the annual cohorts with a FFS prescribing physician and a missing claim remained close to 13.0%. However, the percentage of the annual cohorts with a NFFS prescribing physician and a missing claim increased from 15.6% to 23.3% (linear trend p-value < .0001), and was always higher than the FFS percentage. Patient age, sex, and comorbidity and physician specialty and practice location were associated with the odds of a missing claim.
ConclusionThe percentage of missing claims was higher for patients with NFFS than FFS prescribing physicians, demonstrating the impact of physician remuneration on database completeness. The trend of greater data loss in later than earlier years suggests that completeness of physician billing claims data may be decreasing. Our method can be applied across jurisdictions to compare the impact of physician payment methods on data quality.
Effect of an Intensive Multi-Modal Intervention for Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) on Equity in Children’s Health and Educational Outcomes
Authors: Smith Mark , Chateau Dan , Enns Jennifer , Randall Jason , Bolton James , Katz Laurence , Burland Elaine , Katz Alan , Brownell Marni , Raymond Collette 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo determine whether an intensive multi-modal ADHD intervention for children and teens resulted in improved long-term health and educational outcomes and in reduced inequity in these outcomes across the socioeconomic gradient.
ApproachWe used administrative data from the healthcare and education sectors in the Population Health Data Repository at the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy. We identified children and teens aged 5-17 who had 3+ visits to the ADHD intervention program between 2007 and 2012. A matched control group was constructed, and confounders were controlled using inverse probability of treatment weights. We examined rates of hospital episodes, emergency department visits, psychostimulant use and adherence, contact with child and family services, and whether the children were in the school grade appropriate to their age. We calculated concentration indices to measure changes in inequity.
ResultsThere were 485 children in the ADHD intervention group and 1,884 controls. Children who received the intervention were more likely to be prescribed medication (patients with 1+ prescription(s), rate ratio [RR] 1.21, 95% CI 1.08-1.36) and be adherent to their medication (RR 1.42, 95% CI 1.03-1.96). They were also more likely to be in their age-appropriate grade (RR 1.33, 95% CI 1.09-1.63) compared to controls. Moreover, the intervention was associated with reduced inequity in these outcomes across income deciles. No difference in the rates of hospital episodes or emergency department visits was found, nor in rates of contact with child and family services.
ConclusionsA multi-modal ADHD intervention program was associated with increased use and adherence to medication, and may boost academic achievement for vulnerable children and teens. It contributed to closing the equity gap between children from low- and high-income families. ADHD interventions that combine approaches may be more effective than medication alone.
Using administrative and claims data in the GNC-study – how to overcome legal restrictions
Authors: Powietzka Janett , Stallmann Christoph , Swart Enno 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
ObjectivesThe German GNC-Health Study (GNC) will have duration of at least ten years and will compile medical examinations, biomaterials and computer assisted interviews of intended 200.000 participants (funding code: 01ER1301A). For the first time, this data collection will be supplemented with a multitude of administrative and claims data such as data of statutory health insurance funds, statutory pension funds as well as the Federal Employment Agency. The GNC extends this field of research to private health insurance funds, epidemiologic and clinical cancer and mortality registers. This supplementary use of claims data is strictly regulated by legal requirements. The challenges and solutions for scientific use of such data in Germany will be described.
ApproachThe Social Security Code and data protection rules govern the scientific use of administrative data. These rules include requirements for the wording of important documents such as informed consent, release from confidentiality, participants’ information, data protection concept etc. and often an authorization process by the supervisory authority of the data owner. These complex tasks, which are time consuming costly and labour intensive, are tied into the GNC-Competence Network for secondary and registry data (CNSRD).
ResultsThe GNC-CNSRD has helped to formulate legal informed consent for each data source, which describes the use of the information provided by the participants, as well as the period and limitation of its retro- and prospective use. Furthermore, only the GNC-trust agency is allowed to save the social security number but not the local study center. The modular consent process and the IT- and data protection concept of the GNC is a prototype to enable the large scale use of administrative and claims data of future epidemiologic studies in Germany.
ConclusionUnfortunately, one of the biggest obstacles for the scientific use of administrative and claims data still remains unsolved. The application for data use at the local supervisory authority of the data owner requires the description and limitation of the research question and the period of use of this data. This is in conflict with the modern longitudinal design of GNC because it wants to establish a research structure and data base in order to answer a variety of future and unspecified research questions. Hence, current legal requirements in Germany prevent the full utilization of the potential of administrative and claims data. Therefore, the German Federal Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information recommended an amendment to the social law.