bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of recyclable carbonized asphalt‐melamine sponges with high oil‐absorption capability
Authors: Yao Qian , Zhao Pinhui , Li Ru , Li Chenze , Luo Yi , Zhou Guizhong , Yang Menglong 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDSelective absorption of oils by macroporous solid absorbents has been regarded as an easy, environment‐friendly and economical way to gather oils for oil–water separation, oil contamination cleanup and easy transport/storage. Cheap absorbent material with high oil‐absorption performance is a key factor to promote its large‐scale application.RESULTSHighly oil‐absorptive and water‐repellent carbonized asphalt‐melamine sponges (AMS) have been prepared via a dip‐coated sponge carbonization process, using deoiled asphalt (DOA) as dip‐coating reagent and melamine sponge (MS) as template. By the combination of DOA‐derived surface modification and mild carbonization at 600°C, the AMS products obtained such key properties as low density, highly selective absorption of oils against water, flexibility, good fire‐resistance and thermal stability, and good recyclability.CONCLUSIONThese findings indicate that AMS can be a promising oil‐absorbent material applicable to oil pollution control on a water surface. Benefiting from both cheap raw materials and facile economical manufacturing process, the approach proposed can contribute to the mass manufacturing of cheap oil‐absorbent products with high oil‐absorption performance. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Engineering Literacy and Engagement in Kindergarten Classrooms
Authors: Aguirre‐Muñoz Zenaida , Pantoya Michelle L. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundLittle is understood about how kindergarten students respond to literacy‐enriched engineering activities and how engineering‐centered literature (picture and story books) can be used to support engineering engagement and content understanding.PurposeThis study sought to understand the effect of engineering‐centered literature and academic conversations to enhance linguistically diverse kindergarten students' engagement with engineering content.Design/MethodA withdrawal single‐case study with multiple measures was conducted to document the effects of the literacy‐enriched engineering intervention program. The frequencies of three types of engagement were recorded: behavioral, affective, and cognitive engagement. Participation in discussions was also recorded to monitor academic conversations. Six female kindergarten students whose first language was not English, representing three ability levels, were targeted for data collection.ResultsThe relative value of the types of engagement and discussion participation increased. These increases generally declined when the intervention was withdrawn. All ability levels showed significant increase during intervention. Engagement peaked during hands‐on engineering design activities for all students. A second peak occurred during the engineering picture book read‐aloud with active engagement activities.ConclusionThe combination of activities in the intervention is effective for English language learners and can improve engagement for all ability levels. Academic conversations enhanced all lessons by increasing discussion participation. Results show a functional relationship between enjoying the learning activities and being motivated to participate in discussion. Taken together, engineering‐centered literature and academic conversations are effective tools for broadening meaningful participation in engineering education.
Mycoestrogen determination in cow milk: Magnetic solid‐phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry analysis
Authors: Capriotti Anna Laura , Cavaliere Chiara , Foglia Patrizia , La Barbera Giorgia , Samperi Roberto , Ventura Salvatore , Laganà Aldo 
Published: October 2016

Recently, magnetic solid‐phase extraction has gained interest because it presents various operational advantages over classical solid‐phase extraction. Furthermore, magnetic nanoparticles are easy to prepare, and various materials can be used in their synthesis.In the literature, there are only few studies on the determination of mycoestrogens in milk, although their carryover in milk has occurred. In this work, we wanted to develop the first (to the best of our knowledge) magnetic solid‐phase extraction protocol for six mycoestrogens from milk, followed by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Magnetic graphitized carbon black was chosen as the adsorbent, as this carbonaceous material, which is very different from the most diffuse graphene and carbon nanotubes, had already shown selectivity towards estrogenic compounds in milk. The graphitized carbon black was decorated with Fe3O4, which was confirmed by the characterization analyses. A milk deproteinization step was avoided, using only a suitable dilution in phosphate buffer as sample pretreatment. The overall process efficiency ranged between 52 and 102%, whereas the matrix effect considered as signal suppression was below 33% for all the analytes even at the lowest spiking level. The obtained method limits of quantification were below those of other published methods that employ classical solid‐phase extraction protocols.
Enantioselective comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography of lavender essential oil
Authors: Krupčík Ján , Gorovenko Roman , Špánik Ivan , Armstrong Daniel W. , Sandra Pat 
Published: October 2016

The enantiomeric composition of several chiral markers in lavender essential oil was studied by flow modulated comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography operated in the reverse flow mode and hyphenated to flame ionization and quadrupole mass spectrometric detection. Two capillary column series were used in this study, 2,3‐di‐O‐ethyl‐6‐O‐tert‐butyldimethylsilyl‐β‐cyclodextrin or 2,3,6‐tri‐O‐methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin, as the chiral column in the first dimension and α polyethylene glycol column in the second dimension.Combining the chromatographic data obtained on these column series, the enantiomeric and excess ratios for α‐pinene, β‐pinene, camphor, lavandulol, borneol, and terpinen‐4‐ol were determined. This maybe a possible route to assess the authenticity of lavender essential oil.
Performance Assessment of Bench‐Terraces Through 2‐D Modelling
Authors: Perlotto Chiara , D'Agostino Vincenzo 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe use of dry‐stone walls to build bench‐terraces has traditionally played a key role in the management of hilly and mountainous agricultural areas. They are typically built to increase suitable crop areas, provide safe working conditions and improve terrain stability during rainfall events. Because the mean gradient is greatly reduced by the presence of bench‐terraces, the hydrological response of a terraced slope should result in a reduction of peak runoff at the toe of a hillslope and a delay in the passage of peak flows. This research develops and quantifies this hypothesis. The FLO‐2D model is used to analyse the runoff propagation mechanism of a terraced slope (sequence of dry‐stone walls) by varying number and spacing of terraces and assuming two hydrological soil setting scenarios in terms of antecedent moisture conditions within the Soil Conservation Service‐Curve Number method. The model analysis shows that the majority of runoff modifications at the outlet of a terraced system result from topographical modifications rather than local hydrological variations at the dry‐stone wall zone. Repeated modelling applications show that, given a quite‐typical scenario of a 20°‐sloped hillslope and a reference intense rainstorm, the peak discharge reduction at the hillslope outlet depends on the percentage of the area managed with terraces. The reduction can be calculated with a logarithmic‐type function (for example, an increase of terraced area from 10% to 30% might bring to runoff peak reduction of almost 45%). This information can help determine where terrace additions are more effective in terms of hydrological benefit. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ice cover, winter circulation, and exchange in Saginaw Bay and Lake Huron
Authors: Nguyen Tuan D. , Hawley Nathan , Phanikumar Mantha S. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWinter circulation exerts a strong control on the release and timing of nutrients and contaminants from bays into the adjoining lakes. To estimate winter residence times of solutes in the presence of ice cover, we used an ice model coupled to hydrodynamic, thermal and solute transport models of Saginaw Bay and Lake Huron for two low (2010 and 2013) and two high (2009 and 2014) ice years. The models were tested using temperature data from thermistor chains and current data from ADCP moorings deployed during the wintertime. Simulated water temperatures compared favorably to lake‐wide average surface temperatures derived from NOAA's AVHRR satellite imagery. Simulated results of ice cover are in agreement with observed data from the Great Lakes Ice Atlas. Our results indicate that ice cover significantly dampens water movement producing almost stagnant conditions around February. Estimates of residence times for Saginaw Bay (defined as the e‐folding flushing time based on vertically integrated dye concentrations) show that the mean residence times in a low ice year (2013) are 2.2 months for the inner bay, and 3.5 months for the entire bay. The corresponding numbers for a high ice year (2014) are 4.9 and 5.3 months, respectively. Considering the entire bay, solutes stored in the bay can be expected to be released into the lake between March (low ice year) and April (high ice year). These results are expected to aid in understanding the behavior of contaminants in the Great Lakes during the winter months and in early spring.
Photoinhibition on natural ammonia oxidizers biofilm populations and implications for nitrogen uptake in stream biofilms
Authors: Merbt Stephanie N. , Bernal Susana , Proia Lorenzo , Martí Eugenia , Casamayor Emilio O. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe investigated photoinhibition on natural communities of ammonia oxidizing (AO) archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) embedded in complex stream biofilms, and its implications on nitrogen uptake at biofilm scale. Based on the strong photoinhibition previously exhibited by free living and cultured AOA and AOB, we expected AO activity to decrease in biofilms experimentally exposed to light, reducing the contribution of microbial nitrification to ammonium uptake. To test it, we conducted light manipulation experiments in mesocosms using biofilms naturally developed on stream cobbles sides both exposed to light (light‐side) and facing the sediment (dark‐side). We observed a strong AO photoinhibition in dark‐side biofilms, accompanied by either biofilm‐scale decreases in nitrification or increases in nitrogen uptake likely by heterotrophic activity. Conversely, in light‐side biofilms photoinhibition was not observed suggesting that photoautotrophic layers may protect AO in situ by a sunshade effect. Experimental light and dark alternation cycles stimulated AO, enhancing both nitrification and ammonium uptake. These results support photoinhibition effects on natural AO communities, especially in biofilms developed under ambient dark conditions, whereas this effect seems to be buffered in biofilms developed under light conditions. Therefore, the contribution of nitrification to ammonium uptake at biofilm scale should consider not only the physiological study of AOA and AOB, but also the environmental conditions and community structure at the habitat microscale, since they may counterbalance, among others, the damaging light effects under natural conditions.
Approved and Experimental Small‐Molecule Oncology Kinase Inhibitor Drugs: A Mid‐2016 Overview
Authors: Fischer Peter M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractKinase inhibitor research is a comparatively recent branch of medicinal chemistry and pharmacology and the first small‐molecule kinase inhibitor, imatinib, was approved for clinical use only 15 years ago. Since then, 33 more kinase inhibitor drugs have received regulatory approval for the treatment of a variety of cancers and the volume of reports on the discovery and development of kinase inhibitors has increased to an extent where it is now difficult—even for those working in the field—easily to keep an overview of the compounds that are being developed, as currently there are 231 such compounds, targeting 38 different protein and lipid kinases (not counting isoforms), in clinical use or under clinical investigation. The purpose of this review is thus to provide an overview of the biomedical rationales for the kinases being targeted on the one hand, and the design principles, as well as chemical, pharmacological, pharmaceutical, and toxicological kinase inhibitor properties, on the other hand. Two issues that are especially important in kinase inhibitor research, target selectivity and drug resistance, as well as the underlying structural concepts, are discussed in general terms and in the context of relevant kinases and their inhibitors.
Improved pocket control in immediate microsurgical breast reconstruction with simultaneous implant placement through the use of mesh
Authors: Momeni Arash , Kanchwala Suhail K. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundAutologous breast reconstruction is associated with long‐term patient satisfaction that is superior to implant‐based approaches. Occasionally, however, patients who desire autologous reconstruction present with inadequate donor‐site volume. A hybrid approach, combining free flap reconstruction with simultaneous implant placement, is a solution. We present our experience with the use of mesh for improved pocket control using this reconstructive modality.MethodsA retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database of patients undergoing autologous breast reconstruction was performed. Patients who underwent bilateral immediate breast reconstruction with free microsurgical abdominal tissue transfer with simultaneous implant placement were included for analysis.ResultsA total of 19 patients (38 breasts) with a mean age of 42.7 years (range, 31–57 years) and mean BMI of 26.3 (range, 23.6–30.8) were included in the study. No flap loss or implant‐related complications were encountered during a mean follow‐up of 14.2 months. The most common implant volume was 150 cc (N = 15; [78.9%]). No patient requested an implant change due to malposition or insufficient volume. Secondary fat grafting was performed in 5 patients (26.3%), 4 of which had undergone adjuvant radiotherapy. Three cases of red breast syndrome were observed following acellular dermal matrix placement. This prompted a transition to using polyglactin mesh thereafter without any untoward sequelae.ConclusionsAbdominal flap transfer with simultaneous implant placement is a safe reconstructive option in select patients. Improved implant pocket control is achieved through the use of mesh, thus, minimizing problems related to implant malposition. Adjuvant radiotherapy does not appear to put the reconstruction at risk with the occasional flap volume loss being easily remedied by secondary fat grafting.
Toward imaging the body at 10.5 tesla
Authors: Ertürk M. Arcan , Wu Xiaoping , Eryaman Yiğitcan , Van de Moortele Pierre‐François , Auerbach Edward J. , Lagore Russell L. , DelaBarre Lance , Vaughan J. Thomas , Uğurbil Kâmil , Adriany Gregor , Metzger Gregory J. 
Published: October 2016

PurposeTo explore the potential of performing body imaging at 10.5 Tesla (T) compared with 7.0T through evaluating the transmit/receive performance of similarly configured dipole antenna arrays.MethodsFractionated dipole antenna elements for 10.5T body imaging were designed and evaluated using numerical simulations. Transmit performance of antenna arrays inside the prostate, kidneys and heart were investigated and compared with those at 7.0T using both phase‐only radiofrequency (RF) shimming and multi‐spoke pulses. Signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) comparisons were also performed. A 10‐channel antenna array was constructed to image the abdomen of a swine at 10.5T. Numerical methods were validated with phantom studies at both field strengths.ResultsSimilar power efficiencies were observed inside target organs with phase‐only shimming, but RF nonuniformity was significantly higher at 10.5T. Spokes RF pulses allowed similar transmit performance with accompanying local specific absorption rate increases of 25–90% compared with 7.0T. Relative SNR gains inside the target anatomies were calculated to be >two‐fold higher at 10.5T, and 2.2‐fold SNR gain was measured in a phantom. Gradient echo and fast spin echo imaging demonstrated the feasibility of body imaging at 10.5T with the designed array.ConclusionWhile comparable power efficiencies can be achieved using dipole antenna arrays with static shimming at 10.5T; increasing RF nonuniformities underscore the need for efficient, robust, and safe parallel transmission methods. Magn Reson Med 77:434–443, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Single‐shot spiral imaging enabled by an expanded encoding model: Demonstration in diffusion MRI
Authors: Wilm Bertram J. , Barmet Christoph , Gross Simon , Kasper Lars , Vannesjo S. Johanna , Haeberlin Max , Dietrich Benjamin E. , Brunner David O. , Schmid Thomas , Pruessmann Klaas P. 
Published: October 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this work was to improve the quality of single‐shot spiral MRI and demonstrate its application for diffusion‐weighted imaging.MethodsImage formation is based on an expanded encoding model that accounts for dynamic magnetic fields up to third order in space, nonuniform static B0, and coil sensitivity encoding. The encoding model is determined by B0 mapping, sensitivity mapping, and concurrent field monitoring. Reconstruction is performed by iterative inversion of the expanded signal equations.Diffusion‐tensor imaging with single‐shot spiral readouts is performed in a phantom and in vivo, using a clinical 3T instrument. Image quality is assessed in terms of artefact levels, image congruence, and the influence of the different encoding factors.ResultsUsing the full encoding model, diffusion‐weighted single‐shot spiral imaging of high quality is accomplished both in vitro and in vivo. Accounting for actual field dynamics, including higher orders, is found to be critical to suppress blurring, aliasing, and distortion. Enhanced image congruence permitted data fusion and diffusion tensor analysis without coregistration.ConclusionUse of an expanded signal model largely overcomes the traditional vulnerability of spiral imaging with long readouts. It renders single‐shot spirals competitive with echo‐planar readouts and thus deploys shorter echo times and superior readout efficiency for diffusion imaging and further prospective applications. Magn Reson Med 77:83–91, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
MRI with phaseless encoding
Authors: Hennel Franciszek , Pruessmann Klaas P. 
Published: October 2016

PurposeFourier encoded MRI signal is complex and, therefore, sensitive to uncontrolled phase variations caused, e.g., by object motion. An alternative encoding is proposed which leads to phaseless (positive real) signals and allows the phase fluctuations to be removed by simple magnitude calculation before the Fourier transform.Theory and MethodsPhaseless encoding uses harmonic modulation of the longitudinal magnetization with different frequencies and phases before excitation. It can be combined with Fourier encoding of complementary dimensions to produce, e.g., a 3D version of echo planar imaging insensitive to intershot phase variations. It can also be mixed with Fourier encoding of the same dimension allowing a high‐resolution image to be obtained from magnitude‐reconstructed low‐resolution components. The latter is a generalization of the super‐resolution MRI with microscopic tagging proposed recently. Improved reconstruction for this technique was adopted from its optical analogue, harmonic excitation light microscopy (HELM).ResultsArtifact free images were obtained despite phase fluctuations caused by random receiver reference and object motion during diffusion weighting. Proposed reconstruction of mixed‐encoded data reaches higher resolution than the original super‐resolution method.ConclusionSpatial information can be encoded in the magnitude of the MR signal rendering the experiment insensitive to phase fluctuations. Magn Reson Med 78:1029–1037, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Autocalibrated wave‐CAIPI reconstruction; Joint optimization of k‐space trajectory and parallel imaging reconstruction
Authors: Cauley Stephen F. , Setsompop Kawin , Bilgic Berkin , Bhat Himanshu , Gagoski Borjan , Wald Lawrence L. 
Published: October 2016

PurposeFast MRI acquisitions often rely on efficient traversal of k‐space and hardware limitations, or other physical effects can cause the k‐space trajectory to deviate from a theoretical path in a manner dependent on the image prescription and protocol parameters. Additional measurements or generalized calibrations are typically needed to characterize the discrepancies. We propose an autocalibrated technique to determine these discrepancies.MethodsA joint optimization is used to estimate the trajectory simultaneously with the parallel imaging reconstruction, without the need for additional measurements. Model reduction is introduced to make this optimization computationally efficient, and to ensure final image quality.ResultsWe demonstrate our approach for the wave‐CAIPI fast acquisition method that uses a corkscrew k‐space path to efficiently encode k‐space and spread the voxel aliasing. Model reduction allows for the 3D trajectory to be automatically calculated in fewer than 30 s on standard vendor hardware. The method achieves equivalent accuracy to full‐gradient calibration scans.ConclusionsThe proposed method allows for high‐quality wave‐CAIPI reconstruction across wide ranges of protocol parameters, such as field of view (FOV) location/orientation, bandwidth, echo time (TE), resolution, and sinusoidal amplitude/frequency. Our framework should allow for the autocalibration of gradient trajectories from many other fast MRI techniques in clinically relevant time. Magn Reson Med 78:1093–1099, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine