bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A generalized quantitative interpretation of dark-field contrast for highly concentrated microsphere suspensions
Authors: Gkoumas Spyridon , Villanueva-Perez Pablo , Wang Zhentian , Romano Lucia , Abis Matteo , Stampanoni Marco 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn X-ray grating interferometry, dark-field contrast arises due to partial extinction of the detected interference fringes. This is also called visibility reduction and is attributed to small-angle scattering from unresolved structures in the imaged object. In recent years, analytical quantitative frameworks of dark-field contrast have been developed for highly diluted monodisperse microsphere suspensions with maximum 6% volume fraction. These frameworks assume that scattering particles are separated by large enough distances, which make any interparticle scattering interference negligible. In this paper, we start from the small-angle scattering intensity equation and, by linking Fourier and real-space, we introduce the structure factor and thus extend the analytical and experimental quantitative interpretation of dark-field contrast, for a range of suspensions with volume fractions reaching 40%. The structure factor accounts for interparticle scattering interference. Without introducing any additional fitting parameters, we successfully predict the experimental values measured at the TOMCAT beamline, Swiss Light Source. Finally, we apply this theoretical framework to an experiment probing a range of system correlation lengths by acquiring dark-field images at different energies. This proposed method has the potential to be applied in single-shot-mode using a polychromatic X-ray tube setup and a single-photon-counting energy-resolving detector.
Nanoscale solely amorphous layer in silicon wafers induced by a newly developed diamond wheel
Authors: Zhang Zhenyu , Guo Liangchao , Cui Junfeng , Wang Bo , Kang Renke , Guo Dongming 
Published: October 2016

AbstractNanoscale solely amorphous layer is achieved in silicon (Si) wafers, using a developed diamond wheel with ceria, which is confirmed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). This is different from previous reports of ultraprecision grinding, nanoindentation and nanoscratch, in which an amorphous layer at the top, followed by a crystalline damaged layer beneath. The thicknesses of amorphous layer are 43 and 48 nm at infeed rates of 8 and 15 μm/min, respectively, which is verified using HRTEM. Diamond-cubic Si-I phase is verified in Si wafers using selected area electron diffraction patterns, indicating the absence of high pressure phases. Ceria plays an important role in the diamond wheel for achieving ultrasmooth and bright surfaces using ultraprecision grinding.
Comparison of overall survival in patients with unresectable hepatic metastases with or without transarterial chemoembolization: A Propensity Score Matching Study
Authors: Wang F. Y. , Meng W. , Li Y. , Li T. , Qin C. Y. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTransarterial chemoembolization (TACE) has mostly been used in hypervascular tumours such as hepatocellular carcinoma, and may be an effective palliative treatment in patients with metastatic liver cancer. Our goal is to determine whether TACE increases overall survival (OS) of in patients with liver metastases. The retrospective cohort study included 171 patients with liver metastases diagnosed between 2001 and 2015. OS was compared between the TACE and non-TACE groups after propensity score matching to reduce the effects of selection bias and potential confounders. Multivariate analysis was conducted to confirm the confounding factors with OS. After excluding 43 patients, 128 patients were analysed and among thses 64 patients (50%) were included in the TACE group. In the propensity score matched cohort (42 pairs), the OS was non-significantly longer in the TACE group than in the non-TACE group (p = 0.789). Multivariate analysis revealed that international normalized ratio (INR) (HR 0.058, 95%CI: [0.005, 0.681]; p = 0.023) and Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) (HR 3.054, 95%CI: [1.418, 6.579]; p = 0.004) were independent risk factors for OS in patients with unresectable liver metastases. There were no significant differences in patients with unresectable liver metastases with or without TACE. INR and RFA can significantly affect OS in patients with unresectable liver metastases.
Pharmacotherapy in Psychiatric Disorders of Children: Current Evidence and Trends
Authors: Kölch M. , Plener P. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPharmacotherapeutic interventions are available for most psychiatric disorders in children. Evidence for these interventions varies, depending on the targeted disorders. For attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, a sound database on efficacy and safety of medication exists. For other common disorders or psychopathological phenomena like disruptive behavior, anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, or autism, data on efficacy and safety are much scarcer. This selective review aims to provide an overview about current psychopharmacological interventions in child and adolescent psychiatry. The literature indicates either a lower efficacy than other interventions or less beneficial effects compared to possible adverse events in these cases. Most guidelines recommend psychopharmacotherapy in children to be embedded in a psychosocial or therapeutic intervention plan. Decision for medication depends on the severity of symptoms, chronicity, and, most important, impairment of the child in academic performance, family relationships, and everyday life. The high rates of off-label use in the age group of children are often due to a lack of market authorization studies less indicative of low efficacy. As adverse events need to be monitored closely, pharmacotherapy should mainly be restricted to experienced mental health care providers.
Prevalence of Endometriosis During Abdominal or Laparoscopic Hysterectomy for Chronic Pelvic Pain
Authors: Mowers Erika L. , Lim Courtney S. , Skinner Bethany , Mahnert Nichole , Kamdar Neil , Morgan Daniel M. , As-Sanie Sawsan 
Published: October 2016

(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol 2016;127:1045–1053)
Chronic pelvic pain is common in reproductive-aged women. A large number of women with chronic pelvic pain or endometriosis undergo hysterectomy: 10% to 32% for chronic pelvic pain and 5% to 19% for endometriosis.
“The More the Better” Paradox of Antenatal Ultrasound Examinations in Low-Risk Pregnancy
Authors: Chiossi Giuseppe , Palomba Stefano , Balduzzi Sara , Costantine Maged M. , Falbo Angela I. , La Sala Giovanni B. 
Published: October 2016

(Abstracted from Am J Perinatol 2016;33:646–657)
The increasing rates of cesarean delivery (CD) worldwide have caused concern regarding maternal risks in subsequent pregnancies, higher neonatal and childhood morbidity, and increased health care costs. The identification of modifiable risk factors for CD and operative vaginal deliveries has therefore assumed importance.
Unconditional Prenatal Income Supplement and Birth Outcomes
Authors: Brownell Marni D. , Chartier Mariette J. , Nickel Nathan C. , Chateau Dan , Martens Patricia J. , Sarkar Joykrishna , Burland Elaine , Jutte Douglas P. , Taylor Carole , Santos Robert G. , Katz Alan 
Published: October 2016

(Abstracted from Pediatrics 2016;137(6):e20152992)
The prenatal period is an important period that impacts newborn and lifelong health; exposure to stress, poor nutrition, or substance abuse during this period leads to adverse birth outcomes, including low birth weight and preterm birth. Several initiatives across the world that utilize conditional cash or food transfer include Oportunidades (Mexico), Bolsa Familia Program (Brazil), and the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC, United States) have been undertaken to improve prenatal health and birth outcomes.
Patent Ductus Arteriosus in the Preterm Infant
Authors: Prescott Stephanie , Keim-Malpass Jessica 
Published: October 2016

Background:
The incidence of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) increases with decreasing gestational age and is associated with many common morbidities of extreme prematurity. Controversies remain surrounding the definition of hsPDA, the population of infants requiring treatment, the appropriate timing and method of treatment, and the outcomes associated with PDA and its therapies.

Purpose:
This integrative literature review focuses on diagnostic and treatment recommendations derived from the highest levels of evidence.

Search Strategy:
PubMed and CINAHL were searched using key words “neonatal” and “patent ductus arteriosus” to discover the highest levels of evidence surrounding diagnosis, treatment methods, and outcomes.

Findings/Results:
The lack of consensus surrounding the diagnosis and clinical significance of PDA hinders meta-analysis across studies and confounds understanding of appropriate management strategies. Novel biomarkers, pharmaceutical choices, and transcatheter closure methods are expanding diagnostic and treatment options.

Implications for Practice:
Infants weighing less than 1000 g are at highest risk. Prophylactic closure is no longer recommended, although early asymptomatic therapy is still preferred by some to avoid prolonged pulmonary overcirculation or decreased renal and gut perfusion. Conservative treatment measures such as fluid restriction and diuretic administration have not consistently proven effective and are in some instances detrimental. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors are effective but have adverse renal and mesenteric effects. Oral ibuprofen is associated with lower instance of necrotizing enterocolitis.

Implications for Research:
Well-defined staging criteria would aid in comparison and meta-analysis. Trials that include a control group that receives no therapy may help separate the outcomes associated with prematurity from those associated with PDA.
Molecular Predictors of Response to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation for Rectal Cancer
Authors: Kundel Yulia , Nasser Nicola J. , Rath-Wolfson Lea , Purim Ofer , Yanichkin Natalia , Brenner Ronen , Zehavi Tanya , Nardi Yuval , Fenig Eyal , Sulkes Aaron , Brenner Baruch 
Published: October 2016

Objectives:
To determine whether the expression of specific molecular markers in the rectal cancer biopsies prior to treatment, can correlate with complete tumor response to chemoradiotherapy (CRT) as determined by the pathology of the surgical specimen.

Methods:
We retrospectively examined pretreatment rectal biopsies of patients aged 18 years or older with locally advanced rectal cancer who had been treated with neoadjuvant CRT and surgical resection in our tertiary-care, university-affiliated medical center, between January 2001 and December 2011. Samples were analyzed for expression of B-cell lymphoma 2, P53, Ki67, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, and the tumor regression grade after CRT and radical surgery.

Results:
Forty-seven patients were included in the final analysis. Main outcome measures were the correlation between the expression of the molecular markers tested in the pretreatment biopsy, and complete tumor response. Complete pathologic response after CRT was attained in 27% of the patients. Percentage of cells expressing EGFR in the pretreated biopsies of patients having complete pathologic response after CRT and surgery was 33.08±7.87% compared to 19±15.36% (P=0.38), 6.66±2.83% (P<0.003), and 12.5±4.93% (P=0.033) in patients with partial response and tumor regression grades of 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The other molecular markers tested in the pretreatment biopsy did not corresponded with complete pathologic response.

Conclusions:
EGFR expression pattern in the pretreatment biopsies of rectal tumors can assist in identifying patients who will benefit from neoadjuvant CRT.
Higher quality of life after metal stent placement compared with plastic stent placement for malignant extrahepatic bile duct obstruction: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Walter Daisy , van Boeckel Petra G.A. , Groenen Marcel J.M. , Weusten Bas L.A.M. , Witteman Ben J. , Tan Gi , Brink Menno A. , Nicolai Jan , Tan Adriaan C. , Alderliesten Joyce , Venneman Niels G. , Laleman Wim , Jansen Jeroen M. , Bodelier Alexander , Wolters Frank L. , van der Waaij Laurens A. , Breumelhof Ronald , Peters Frans T.M. , Scheffer Robbert C.H. , Steyerberg Ewout W. , May Anne M. , Leenders Max , Hirdes Meike M.C. , Vleggaar Frank P. , Siersema Peter D. 
Published: October 2016

Objective
For palliation of extrahepatic bile duct obstruction, self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) are superior to plastic stents in terms of stent patency and occurrence of stent dysfunction. We assessed health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after stent placement to investigate whether this also results in a difference in HRQoL between patients treated with a plastic stent or SEMS.

Patients and methods
This randomized multicenter trial included 219 patients who were randomized to receive plastic stent (n=73) or SEMS [uncovered (n=75) and covered (n=71); n=146] placement. HRQoL was assessed with two general questionnaires (EQ-5D-3L and QLQ-C30) and one disease-specific questionnaire (PAN-26). Scores were analyzed using linear mixed model regression and included all patients with baseline and at least one follow-up measurement.

Results
HRQoL data were available in 140 of 219 patients (64%); 71 patients (32%) declined participation and in eight patients (4%) only baseline questionnaires were available. On the QLQ-C30, the interaction between follow-up time and type of stent was significantly different on two of five functional scales [physical functioning (P=0.004) and emotional functioning (P=0.01)] in favor of patients with a SEMS. In addition, patients with SEMS reported significantly less frequent symptoms of fatigue (P=0.01), loss of appetite (P=0.02), and nausea and vomiting (0.04) over time. The EQ-VAS score decreased with time in both treatment groups, indicating a statistically significant decrease in HRQoL over time.

Conclusion
In patients with inoperable malignant extrahepatic bile duct obstruction, SEMS placement results in better scores for general and disease-specific HRQoL over time compared with plastic stent placement.
Cell-Free DNA vs Sequential Screening for the Detection of Fetal Chromosomal Abnormalities
Authors: Norton Mary E. , Baer Rebecca J. , Wapner Ronald J. , Kuppermann Miriam , Jelliffe-Pawlowski Laura L. , Currier Robert J. 
Published: October 2016

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016;214:727.e1–727.e6)
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) screening has shown high sensitivities and specificities for trisomy 21 and other common aneuploidies, thereby leading to a consideration for its use as a primary screening test. However, it has limitations, including the limited range of targeted aneuploidies and the failure to always provide a result.
Using the Price equation to analyze multi-level selection on the reproductive policing mechanism of bacterial plasmids
Authors: Kentzoglanakis Kyriakos , Brown Sam P. , Goldstein Richard A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe replication control system of non-conjugative bacterial plasmids constitutes a simple and elegant example of a reproductive policing mechanism that moderates competition in the intra-cellular replication pool and establishes a mutually beneficial partnership among plasmids within a bacterial host and between plasmids and their hosts. The emergence of these partnerships is a product of the conflict between the evolutionary interests of hosts, who seek to maximize their growth rates within the population, and plasmids, who seek to maximize their growth rates within hosts. We employ a multi-scale computational model describing the growth, division and death of hosts, as well as the independent replication of plasmids within hosts, in order to investigate the implications of this conflict for the evolution of the plasmid replication parameters. We apply the multi-level form of the Price equation in order to quantify and elucidate the various selective pressures that drive the evolution of plasmid replication control. Our analysis shows how the evolution of the constituent components of the plasmid replication control system are shaped by selection acting at the level of hosts and the level of plasmids. In addition, we calculate finer-grained selective pressures that are attributed to atomic plasmid-related events (such as intra-cellular replication and plasmid loss due to host death) and demonstrate their special role at the early stages of the evolution of policing. Our approach constitutes a novel application of the Price equation for discerning and discussing the synergies between the levels of selection given the availability of a mechanistic model for the generation of the system’s dynamics. We show how the Price equation, particularly in its multi-level form, can provide significant insight by quantifying the relative importance of the various selective forces that shape the evolution of policing in bacterial plasmids.
Temporal and spatial localization of prediction-error signals in the visual brain
Authors: Johnston Patrick , Robinson Jonathan , Kokkinakis Athanasios , Ridgeway Samuel , Simpson Michael , Johnson Sam , Young Andrew W. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIt has been suggested that the brain pre-empts changes in the visual environment through generating predictions, although real-time eletrophysiological evidence of prediction violations remains elusive. In a series of experiments we showed participants sequences of images that followed a predictable implied sequence or whose final image violated the implied sequence. Through careful design we were able to use the same final image transitions across predictable and unpredictable conditions, ensuring that any differences in neural responses were due only to preceding context and not to the images themselves. EEG and MEG recordings showed that early/mid-latency visual evoked potentials were robustly modulated by images that violated the implied sequence across a range of types of image change (expression deformations, rigid-rotations and visual field location). This modulation occurred irrespective of stimulus object category. Although the stimuli were static images, MEG source reconstruction of the early latency signal (N/M170) localised expectancy violation signals to brain areas associated with motion perception. Our findings suggest that the N/M170 can index mismatches between predicted and actual visual inputs in a system that predicts trajectories based on ongoing context. This has important implications for understanding the N/M170 and investigating how the brain represents context to generate perceptual predictions.
Lysine as a potential low molecular weight angiogen: its clinical, experimental and in-silico validation- A brief study
Authors: Datta Debatosh , Verma Priyanshu , Banerjee Anindita , Kar Sujoy , Sengupta Tanima , Sengupta Nalinava , Samanta Sujoy Kumar , Khan Enam Murshed 
Published: October 2016

AbstractGlobally, the area of angiogenesis is dominated by investigations on anti-angiogenic agents and processes, due to its role in metastatic cancer treatment. Although, the area of ischemic tissue reperfusion is having much bigger demand and foot-mark. Following clinical failure of VEGF (Vascular endothelial growth factor) as a potential agent for induction of a controlled angiogenic response in ischemic tissues and organs, the progress is reasonably quiet as for new low molecular weight (LMW) angiogen molecules and their clinical applications are concerned. Basic amino acid Lysine has been observed to have profound angiogenic property in ischemic tissues, which is controlled, reproducible, time bound and without any accompanying reperfusion damage. In this study, the basic amino acid Lysine has been suggested as a LMW-angiogen, where it has been proposed to have a molecular binding property between VEGF and VEGF receptor (VEGFR). Here, the molecular adhesive hypothesis is being probed and confirmed both in the clinical and lab conditions through induced angiogenic response in tissue repair and in chick chorio allantoic membrane (CAM), respectively; and in dry-docking experiments (in-silico studies).
deSPI: efficient classification of metagenomic reads with lightweight de Bruijn graph-based reference indexing
Authors: Guan Dengfeng , Liu Bo , Wang Yadong 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSummaryIn metagenomic studies, fast and effective tools are on wide demand to implement taxonomy classification for upto billions of reads. Herein, we propose deSPI, a novel read classification method that classifies reads by recognizing and analyzing the matches between reads and reference with de Bruijn graph-based lightweight reference indexing. deSPI has faster speed with relatively small memory footprint, meanwhile, it can also achieve higher or similar sensitivity and accuracy.Availabilitythe C++ source code of deSPI is available athttps://github.com/hitbc/deSPIContactydwang@hit.edu.cnSupplementary informationSupplementary data are available atBioinformaticsonline.
Lactobacillus plantarumfavors the early emergence of fit and fertile adult Drosophila upon chronic undernutrition
Authors: Téfit Mélisandre A. , Leulier François 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAnimals are naturally surrounded by a variety of microorganisms with which they constantly interact. Among these microbes, some live closely associated with a host and form its microbiota. These communities are now extensively studied, owing to their contributions to shaping various aspects of animal physiology. One of these commensal species,Lactobacillus plantarum, and in particular theL.p.WJLstrain, has been shown to promote the growth of Drosophila larvae upon nutrient scarcity, allowing earlier metamorphosis and adult emergence compared to axenic individuals. As for many insects, conditions surrounding the post-embryonic development dictate key Drosophila adult life history traits, and adjusting developmental timing according to the environment is essential for adult fitness. The growth acceleration induced byL.p.WJLoccurs in a context of poor nutrition and we wondered if this could adversely impact the fitness of Drosophila adults. Here we show that theL.p.WJL- mediated acceleration of growth is not deleterious; adults emerging after an accelerated development are as fit as their axenic siblings. Additionally,L.p.WJL’s presence even leads to a lifespan extension in nutritionally challenged males. These results demonstrate thatL.p.WJLis a beneficial partner forDrosophila melanogasterthrough its entire life cycle. This commensal bacteria allows the earlier emergence and longer survival of fit and fertile individuals and might represent one of the factors contributing to the ecological success of Drosophila.Summary statementLactobacillus plantarumWJLis beneficial to Drosophila physiology along its entire life cycle. This bacteria triggers the early emergence and longer survival of fit and fertile adults.