bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
03.09: Performance assessment and design methodology of free from damage moment resisting frames
Authors: Zimbru Mariana , D'Aniello Mario , Cabrera Eliana Inca , Landolfo Raffaele , De Martino Attilio 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThe seismic design strategy implemented in current codes is based on the capacity design principle that allows the formation of plastic hinges into predefined parts of the structure. Therefore, significant damage is expected at ultimate limit state, to which high repair costs are associated.Recently, new design strategies have been proposed in order to avoid the damage of the structure. The most of them are grouped into two categories, namely i) using special damping devices introduced in the structure as additional resisting element; ii) changing the dissipation mechanism of the structure by means of friction‐based dissipative joints. The second possibility is really promising and effective because it guarantees low forces transferred to the foundations and no architectural interference, if adopted for moment‐resisting frames (MRFs).The novelty of free from damage joints lays in the fact that the energy is dissipated by friction at the interface between plates in contact instead of the classical plastic deformation energy dissipation mechanism.The performance of MRFs equipped with free from damage joints differs from that of conventional MRFs. This implies the need to update the current EC8 rules to free from damage MRFs. Therefore, in this paper new design criteria have been proposed. The effectiveness of the new rules has been verified by means of a comprehensive set of numerical analyses, by comparing the seismic performance of two sets of frames having geometrical configurations that are typical for current European practice: a set of traditional MRF structures (EC8 compliant) and another set of MRFs equipped with friction joints.
03.11: Experimental investigation of the creep effect on prestressed bolts used in innovative friction connections
Authors: D'Antimo Marina , Demonceau Jean‐François , Latour Massimo , Rizzano Gianvittorio , Jaspart Jean‐Pierre 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTIn the framework of a RFCS project entitled “FREEDAM ‐Free From Damage Connections”, innovative friction connections activated as dissipative zones in case of seismic actions are studied, with the objective to avoid any damage in the structures not only for frequent and occasional seismic events, but also for destructive earthquakes. These friction connections are made of stainless steel plates with specific coatings fastened with preloaded bolts placed in long slotted holes allowing significant displacement of the plates when the friction resistance is reached and so allowing significant dissipation of energy.As a partner of this project, The University of Liege is in charge of proposing analytical design procedures for these innovative joints and in particular of investigating the evolution of the prestressing in the bolts according to time, a key parameter when it is intended to dissipate energy through the activation of friction.This paper presents first preliminary results obtained through long term tests (5 months) performed on steel plates with particular coatings fastened with M20 Bolts. The main parameters registered during these tests were the relative displacements between the connected plates and the evolution of the prestressing in the bolts. The tests were performed according to EN 1090‐2, in order to assess the loss of preloading over time and the creep of the plate. The final objective of the conducted studies is to propose a methodology to predict the prestressing loss in order to ensure that a minimum level of prestressing is kept over the full life of the structures, i.e. at least 50 years.
Using the PRIDE Database and ProteomeXchange for Submitting and Accessing Public Proteomics Datasets
Authors: Jarnuczak Andrew F. , Vizcaíno Juan Antonio 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe ProteomeXchange (PX) Consortium is the unifying framework for world‐leading mass spectrometry (MS)–based proteomics repositories. Current members include the PRIDE database (U.K.), PeptideAtlas/PASSEL, and MassIVE (U.S.A.), and jPOST (Japan). The Consortium standardizes submission and dissemination of public proteomics data worldwide. This is achieved through implementing common data submission guidelines and enforcing metadata requirements by each of the members. Furthermore, the members use a common identifier space. Each dataset receives a unique (PXD) accession number and is publicly accessible as soon as the associated scientific publications are released. The two basic protocols provide a step‐by‐step guide on how to submit data to the PRIDE database, and describe how to access the PX portal (called ProteomeCentral), which can be used to search datasets available in any of the PX members. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Survey design for precise fire management conservation targets
Authors: Sitters Holly , Di Stefano Julian , Wills Timothy , Swan Matthew , York Alan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCommon goals of ecological fire management are to sustain biodiversity and minimize extinction risk. A novel approach to achieving these goals determines the relative proportions of vegetation growth stages (equivalent to successional stages, which are categorical representations of time since fire) that maximize a biodiversity index. The method combines data describing species abundances in each growth stage with numerical optimization to define an optimal growth‐stage structure that provides a conservation‐based operational target for managers. However, conservation targets derived from growth‐stage optimization are likely to depend critically on choices regarding input data. There is growing interest in the use of growth‐stage optimization as a basis for fire management, thus understanding of how input data influence the outputs is crucial. Simulated data sets provide a flexible platform for systematically varying aspects of survey design and species inclusions. We used artificial data with known properties, and a case‐study data set from southeastern Australia, to examine the influence of (1) survey design (total number of sites and their distribution among growth stages) and (2) species inclusions (total number of species and their level of specialization) on the precision of conservation targets. Based on our findings, we recommend that survey designs for precise estimates would ideally involve at least 80 sites, and include at least 80 species. Greater numbers of sites and species will yield increasingly reliable results, but fewer might be sufficient in some circumstances. An even distribution of sites among growth stages was less important than the total number of sites, and omission of species is unlikely to have a major influence on results as long as several species specialize on each growth stage. We highlight the importance of examining the responses of individual species to growth stage before feeding survey data into the growth‐stage optimization black box, and advocate use of a resampling procedure to determine the precision of results. Collectively, our findings form a reproducible guide to designing ecological surveys that yield precise conservation targets through growth‐stage optimization, and ultimately help sustain biodiversity in fire‐prone systems.
Human–animal agency in reindeer management: Sámi herders’ perspectives on vegetation dynamics under climate change
Authors: Horstkotte T. , Utsi T. Aa. , Larsson‐Blind Å. , Burgess P. , Johansen B. , Käyhkö J. , Oksanen L. , Forbes B. C. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMany primary livelihoods in Arctic and sub‐Arctic regions experience accelerating effects of environmental change. The often close connection between indigenous peoples and their respective territories allows them to make detailed observations of how these changes transform the landscapes where they practice their daily activities. Here, we report Sámi reindeer herders’ observations based on their long‐term inhabitance and use of contrasting pastoral landscapes in northern Fennoscandia. In particular, we focus on the capacity for various herd management regimes to prevent a potential transformation of open tundra vegetation to shrubland or woodland. Sámi herders did not confirm a substantial, rapid, or large‐scale transformation of treeless tundra areas into shrub‐ and/or woodlands. However, where they observe encroachment of open tundra landscapes, a range of factors was deemed responsible. These included abiotic conditions, anthropogenic influences, and the direct and indirect effects of reindeer. The advance of the mountain birch tree line was in some cases associated with reduced or discontinued grazing and firewood cutting, depending on the seasonal significance of these particular areas. Where the tree line has risen in elevation and/or latitude, herding practices have by necessity adapted to these changes. Exploiting the capacity of reindeer impacts on vegetation as a conservation tool offers time‐tested adaptive strategies of ecosystem management to counteract a potential encroachment of the tundra by woody plants. However, novel solutions in environmental governance involve difficult trade‐offs for ecologically sustainable, economically viable, and socially desirable management strategies.
Improving the use of early timber inventories in reconstructing historical dry forests and fire in the western United States
Authors: Baker William L. , Hanson Chad T. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractEarly timber inventories in dry forests of the western United States offer detailed data sets that might provide historical information to guide restoration and preparation for future forests, but inventories have errors, biases, and limitations. We reviewed early documentation of errors and estimated errors by comparing inventory estimates to nearby tree‐ring and plot estimates. In a case study in the Greenhorn Mountains, southern Sierra Nevada, California, we studied how selection and use of evidence affects findings and compared timber‐inventory, land‐survey, and other early evidence about historical forests and fire. Early documents showed inventories were unreliable, often with large underestimation errors from poor visual estimates, requiring correction multipliers of 2.0–2.5. Comparing inventory estimates to tree‐ring estimates, we found commonly used two‐chain‐wide inventories required correction multipliers of about 1.4–3.2, consistent with, but wider than the 2.0–2.5 range. These needed corrections were not applied in any study. The case study showed (1) tree‐density estimates from narrower one‐chain‐wide inventories could be more accurate, (2) data are often available, but unused, that provide quantitative evidence about historical high‐severity fires consistent with nearby historical reports, and (3) differences in forest structure between inventories and land surveys may be explained by tree growth, stand development, and especially a significant fire. Our review also documented biased placement of inventories in merchantable timber, often excluding younger forests, chaparral, and other indicators of preceding mixed/high‐severity fires. We found added significant bias introduced by omitting areas burned in mixed/high‐severity fires, or by missing evidence of these fires on parts of forms or associated archival materials. Use of early timber inventories could be improved by (1) avoiding use of unreliable two‐chain‐wide inventories or applying correction multipliers to inventory estimates, (2) completing an accuracy test of one‐chain‐wide inventories, (3) locating and using notes, maps, and other data about small trees and high‐severity fires often available in inventory archives, or omitting conclusions about these, (4) deriving an envelope model of inference space for inventories, and (5) specifying a large area, then including all available inventory data within it, or using unbiased selection criteria. These improvements could help bring timber‐inventory data into congruence with other historical sources.
Quantity and quality limit detritivore growth: mechanisms revealed by ecological stoichiometry and co‐limitation theory
Authors: Halvorson Halvor M. , Sperfeld Erik , Evans‐White Michelle A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractResource quantity and quality are fundamental bottom‐up constraints on consumers. Best understood in autotroph‐based systems, co‐occurrence of these constraints may be common but remains poorly studied in detrital‐based systems. Here, we used a laboratory growth experiment to test limitation of the detritivorous caddisfly larvae Pycnopsyche lepida across a concurrent gradient of oak litter quantity (food supply) and quality (phosphorus : carbon [P:C ratios]). Growth increased simultaneously with quantity and quality, indicating co‐limitation across the resource gradients. We merged approaches of ecological stoichiometry and co‐limitation theory, showing how co‐limitation reflected shifts in C and P acquisition throughout homeostatic regulation. Increased growth was best explained by elevated consumption rates and improved P assimilation, which both increased with elevated quantity and quality. Notably, C assimilation efficiencies remained unchanged and achieved maximum 18% at low quantity despite pronounced C limitation. Detrital C recalcitrance and substantive post‐assimilatory C losses probably set a minimum quantity threshold to achieve positive C balance. Above this threshold, greater quality enhanced larval growth probably by improving P assimilation toward P‐intensive growth. We suggest this interplay of C and P acquisition contributes to detritivore co‐limitation, highlighting quantity and quality as potential simultaneous bottom‐up controls in detrital‐based ecosystems, including under anthropogenic change like nutrient enrichment.
Sustainable Design for the Direct Fabrication and Highly Versatile Functionalization of Nanocelluloses
Authors: Afewerki Samson , Alimohammadzadeh Rana , Osong Sinke H. , Tai Cheuk‐Wai , Engstrand Per , Córdova Armando 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis study describes a novel sustainable concept for the scalable direct fabrication and functionalization of nanocellulose from wood pulp with reduced energy consumption. A central concept is the use of metal‐free small organic molecules as mediators and catalysts for the production and subsequent versatile surface engineering of the cellulosic nanomaterials via organocatalysis and click chemistry. Here, “organoclick” chemistry enables the selective functionalization of nanocelluloses with different organic molecules as well as the binding of palladium ions or nanoparticles. The nanocellulosic material is also shown to function as a sustainable support for heterogeneous catalysis in modern organic synthesis (e.g., Suzuki cross‐coupling transformations in water). The reported strategy not only addresses obstacles and challenges for the future utilization of nanocellulose (e.g., low moisture resistance, the need for green chemistry, and energy‐intensive production) but also enables new applications for nanocellulosic materials in different areas.
Hydrogen‐Atom Transfer Oxidation with H2O2 Catalyzed by [FeII(1,2‐bis(2,2′‐bipyridyl‐6‐yl)ethane(H2O)2]2+: Likely Involvement of a (μ‐Hydroxo)(μ‐1,2‐peroxo)diiron(III) Intermediate
Authors: Khenkin Alexander M. , Vedichi Madhu , Shimon Linda J. W. , Cranswick Matthew A. , Klein Johannes E. M. N. , Que Lawrence , Neumann Ronny 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe iron(II) triflate complex (1) of 1,2‐bis(2,2′‐bipyridyl‐6‐yl)ethane, with two bipyridine moieties connected by an ethane bridge, was prepared. Addition of aqueous 30 % H2O2 to an acetonitrile solution of 1 yielded 2, a green compound with λmax=710 nm. Moessbauer measurements on 2 showed a doublet with an isomer shift (δ) of 0.35 mm/s and a quadrupole splitting (ΔEQ) of 0.86 mm/s, indicative of an antiferromagnetically coupled diferric complex. Resonance Raman spectra showed peaks at 883, 556 and 451 cm−1 that downshifted to 832, 540 and 441 cm−1 when 1 was treated with H218O2. All the spectroscopic data support the initial formation of a (μ‐hydroxo)(μ‐1,2‐peroxo)diiron(III) complex that oxidizes carbon‐hydrogen bonds. At 0 °C 2 reacted with cyclohexene to yield allylic oxidation products but not epoxide. Weak benzylic C−H bonds of alkylarenes were also oxidized. A plot of the logarithms of the second order rate constants versus the bond dissociation energies of the cleaved C−H bond showed an excellent linear correlation. Along with the observation that oxidation of the probe substrate 2,2‐dimethyl‐1‐phenylpropan‐1‐ol yielded the corresponding ketone but no benzaldehyde, and the kinetic isotope effect, kH/kD, of 2.8 found for the oxidation of xanthene, the results support the hypothesis for a metal‐based H‐atom abstraction mechanism. Complex 2 is a rare example of a (μ‐hydroxo)(μ‐1,2‐peroxo)diiron(III) complex that can elicit the oxidation of carbon‐hydrogen bonds.
Safety and efficacy of hydroxyapatite scaffold in the prevention of jaw osteonecrosis in vivo
Authors: de Almeida Adriana Duarte , Leite Fernanda Gomes , Chaud Marco Vinícius , Rebelo Márcia de Araújo , Borges Liliane Cristine Ferreira de Souza , Viroel Fabia Judice Marques , Hataka Alessandre , Grotto Denise 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTwo scaffolds of chitosan/sodium alginate/hydroxyapatite (Ch/NaAlg/Hap) 1:1:0.2 and 1:1:0.6 were evaluated in the prevention of bisphosphonate‐induced jaw osteonecrosis. Two groups of rats (n = 24, according to the euthanasia time: 15 or 30 days after the last Zoledronic acid (ZA) administration) were subdivided in four subgroups (n = 6): I – Control (saline + teeth extraction); II – ZA 0.6 mg/kg + teeth extraction; III – ZA + teeth extraction + scaffold 1:1:0.2; IV – ZA + teeth extraction + scaffold 1:1:0.6. Jaws were evaluated histologically and blood was evaluated for hematological and biochemical parameters. Histopathology showed significant osteonecrosis in AZ group. The scaffold's implantation, despite the inflammatory process, were able to prevent the osteonecrosis. In the 15‐day euthanasia group, an increase in red blood cells and platelets was observed in the subgroup II. Hemoglobin and hematocrit decreased in subgroup IV compared to II. Hepatic transaminases and creatinine concentration increased significantly in subgroup II. Calcium concentration increased in subgroup IV compared to II. In the 30‐day euthanasia group, no differences among the groups were observed for any parameter. Scaffolds proved to be efficient and safe to liver and kidney function. Some hematological parameters were altered by the scaffold, but returned to normal concentrations over time. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1799–1808, 2018.
Twofold triple systems with cyclic 2‐intersecting Gray codes
Authors: Erzurumluoğlu Aras , Pike David A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractGiven a combinatorial design with block set , the block‐intersection graph (BIG) of is the graph that has as its vertex set, where two vertices and are adjacent if and only if . The i‐block‐intersection graph (i‐BIG) of is the graph that has as its vertex set, where two vertices and are adjacent if and only if . In this paper, several constructions are obtained that start with twofold triple systems (TTSs) with Hamiltonian 2‐BIGs and result in larger TTSs that also have Hamiltonian 2‐BIGs. These constructions collectively enable us to determine the complete spectrum of TTSs with Hamiltonian 2‐BIGs (equivalently TTSs with cyclic 2‐intersecting Gray codes) as well as the complete spectrum for TTSs with 2‐BIGs that have Hamilton paths (i.e. for TTSs with 2‐intersecting Gray codes). In order to prove these spectrum results, we sometimes require ingredient TTSs that have large partial parallel classes; we prove lower bounds on the sizes of partial parallel classes in arbitrary TTSs, and then construct larger TTSs with both cyclic 2‐intersecting Gray codes and parallel classes.
Consistency‐based respiratory motion estimation in rotational angiography
Authors: Unberath Mathias , Aichert André , Achenbach Stephan , Maier Andreas 
Published: September 2017

PurposeRotational coronary angiography enables 3D reconstruction but suffers from intra‐scan cardiac and respiratory motion. While gating handles cardiac motion, respiratory motion requires compensation. State‐of‐the‐art algorithms rely on 3D‐2D registration that depends on initial reconstructions of sufficient quality. We propose a compensation method that is applied directly in projection domain. It overcomes the need for reconstruction and thus complements the state‐of‐the‐art.MethodsVirtual single‐frame background subtraction based on vessel segmentation and spectral deconvolution yields non‐truncated images of the contrasted lumen. This allows motion compensation based on data consistency conditions. We compensate craniocaudal shifts by optimizing epipolar consistency to (a) devise an image‐based surrogate for cardiac motion and (b) compensate for respiratory motion. We validate our approach in two numerical phantom studies and three clinical cases.ResultsCorrelation of the image‐based surrogate for cardiac motion with the ECG‐based ground truth was excellent yielding a Pearson correlation of 0.93 ± 0.04. Considering motion compensation, the target error measure decreased by 98% and 69%, respectively, for the phantom experiments while for the clinical cases the same figure of merit improved by 46 ± 21%.ConclusionsThe proposed method is entirely image‐based and accurately estimates craniocaudal shifts due to respiration and cardiac contraction. Future work will investigate experimental trajectories and possibilities for simplification of the single‐frame subtraction pipeline.
Technical Note: A model‐based sinogram correction for beam hardening artifact reduction in CT
Authors: Lee Sung Min , Seo Jin Keun , Chung Yong Eun , Baek Jongduk , Park Hyoung Suk 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThis study aims to propose a physics‐based method of reducing beam‐hardening artifacts induced by high‐attenuation materials such as metal stents or other metallic implants.MethodsThe proposed approach consists of deriving a sinogram inconsistency formula representing the energy dependence of the attenuation coefficient of high‐attenuation materials. This inconsistency formula more accurately represents the inconsistencies of the sinogram than that of a previously reported formula (called the MAC‐BC method). This is achieved by considering the properties of the high‐attenuation materials, which include the materials’ shapes and locations and their effects on the incident X‐ray spectrum, including their attenuation coefficients.ResultsNumerical simulation and phantom experiment demonstrate that the modeling error of MAC‐BC method are nearly completely removed by means of the proposed method.ConclusionThe proposed method reduces beam‐hardening artifacts arising from high‐attenuation materials by relaxing the assumptions of the MAC‐BC method. In doing so, it outperforms the original MAC‐BC method. Further research is required to address other potential sources of metal artifacts, such as photon starvation, scattering, and noise.