bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple-Pregnancy Complications
Authors: Skalba H. , Osuch-Jaczewska R. , Lempart O. , Ochabska Z. 
Published: July 2016

The material covers 332 twin pregnancies (including 5 of triplets) of which 208 (62.7%) were premature deliveries and 124 (37.3%) deliveries at term.Of the twin pregnancies included in the group examined 15.7% developed complications (gestosis and eclampsia, kidney and heart diseases, anemia, hydramnios). Spontaneous deliveries were 66.7%, operative deliveries 33.3%. A high mortality of the second twin (13.1%) is noticeable and it increases to 21.4% when operative procedures are applied to the first twin.
The Course of Puerperium after Twin Labor
Authors: Lysikiewicz A. , Sternadel Z. 
Published: July 2016

Seventy-six cases of puerperium following twin pregnancy were studied. The most frequent complication occurring during puerperium was represented by febrile states, the etiology of which was difficult to explain and which required administration of antibiotics. They were observed on 28% of cases. The most important causes of frequent infections in puerperium seem to be a high frequency of obstetric procedures during twin delivery and much slower involution of the uterus after labor. This was reported for fetuses delivered at term as well as for premature labors.Complication in the form of puerperal anemia requiring blood transfusions were observed in 10% of cases. Puerperal eclampsia, bleedings, thrombophlebitis, mastitis, accounted jointly for 7% of puerperal complications. The total percentage of puerperal complications following twin delivery was 45%. This fact indicates the need for careful observation of women in puerperium, broad prophylactic measures, and effective management of possible complications of puerperium in women for whom twin pregnancy and twin delivery per se are a considerable biological stress.
Psychomotor Development of Twins in the First Six Months of Life
Authors: Chrzanowska D. , Zdanska-Brincken M. 
Published: July 2016

Preliminary investigations on the psychomotor development of infants from multiple pregnancies have been carried out.The psychomotor development in the first six months of life appears to he more similar in MZ than DZ twin partners. It further appears to be rather connected with birth weight than with birth order. The psychomotor development of twins with a birth weight exceeding 2300 g attains, as early as in the first six months of life, a level concordant with the standards established for singletons.
Psychomotor Development of the Danzig Quintuplets in Their First Year of Life. A Psychological Evaluation
Authors: Bogdanowicz M. 
Published: July 2016

A psychological follow-up, based on the Brunet-Lézine Scale, showed a constant progress in the development of the quintuplets, the pace being quite proper from the 5th month on.The children differed from each other: the best pace of psychomotor development was observed in Adam and Ewa, the worst in Piotr.In all children, control of body posture showed the highest rate of development, exceeding the presumed norms. Some delay was observed in speech. The results of the examinations made by the Psyche-Cattell Intelligence Scale agree with those obtained by the Brunet-Lézine Scale.Besides the differences in physical appearance, the children showed differences in personality features.
Multiple Pregnancy Induced by Ovary Hyperstimulation
Authors: Konefka H. 
Published: July 2016

According to the data from the Danzig Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, among 69,100 deliveries in the years 1953-1972 there were 619 twins, 6 triplets, and 1 case of quintuplets. No multiple pregnancy was the result of hyperstimulation.In the case of 100 women with primary sterility, treated also with clomiphene and gonadotropine, 67 pregnancies appeared and no case of multiple pregnancy was observed. No multiple pregnancy was observed in a sample of 50 women after discontinuing administration of hormonal contraceptives.
Multiple Births in Poland in 1949-1971
Authors: Rola-Janicki A. 
Published: July 2016

A statistical analysis has been carried out on the frequency of twin and triplet births in Poland in the years 1949-1971.These frequencies appear to be higher than expected on the basis of Hellin's rule, there being 1 twin birth in 87 single births and 1 triplet birth in 118 twin births.The share of MZ vs. DZ twins having been assessed through Weinberg's method, an analysis is carried out on maternal age, parity, and urban vs. rural environment. It is concluded that the frequency of polyovulation increases with parity, whereas it becomes reduced with age on account of menopause effect already at age 40.
I Gemelli in Bulgaria
Authors: Ikonomov G. , Ikonomova M. 
Published: July 2016

In Bulgaria, in un periodo di 88 anni, sono nati circa 12 500 000 bambini, di cui circa 300 000 gemelli, 4000 trigemini e 100 quadrigemini. Si è dunque avuta una frequenza di 1/80 per i parti gemellari, 1/6 000 per quelli trigemini, e 1/500 000 per quelli quadrigemini. In 69 anni (1894-1962) si sono verificati 23 parti quadrigemini, cioè, uno ogni tre anni.Fino al 1912, la frequenza dei parti gemellari è stata dell'1.5%; 50 anni più tardi (1962), tale frequenza diminuisce della metà. Dal 1904 al 1912, su una popolazione di 60 00 000 di abitanti, sono nati 168 000-186 000 bambini all'anno; dal 1954 al 1962, su una popolazione di 8 000 000 di abitanti, ne sono nati 135 000-150 000.La brusca diminuzione della natalità gemellare nel paese è più indicativa se si fa il confronto su 10 000 nati. Per i maschi, la frequenza cade da 221/10 000 a 165/10 000; per le femmine, da 234/10 000 a 170/10 000.
The Inheritance of DZ Twinning A study of 18737 maternities in Ibadan, Western Nigeria
Authors: Nylander P. P. S. 
Published: July 2016

Twinning is regarded as a very important phenomenon among the Yorubas in Western Nigeria. In this population, special ceremonies are performed to mark twin deliveries, and twin babies and their parents are given special names. Twins are therefore more readily identified, and data relating to twinning in families are likely to be fairly accurate.Furthermore, the practice of polygamy in Western Nigeria provides a good opportunity for studying both maternal and paternal factors in the inheritance of twinning. The high incidence of twinning in the population (45‰: Nylander, 1969) is also an additional advantage, since it allows a large number of twin maternities to be studied in a short space of time.Among 18 737 deliveries in the three major hospitals in Ibadan, Western Nigeria, between October 1967 and June 1969, there were 977 twin maternities. Every mother was interrogated immediately after delivery to find out whether she or her husband was a twin or had twins previously (including those delivered by the husband's other wives), and whether she or her husband had twin siblings. Obstetric data, including maternal age and parity, were collected for each patient, and zygosity of the newborn twins was determined by sex, placentation, blood groups, placental enzymes, haemoglobin types, and G6PD electro-phoretic studies, as will be described in a subsequent paper.
L'Importance des Études Cytogénétiques pour la Concordance ou la Discordance des Jumeaux
Authors: Koch G. , Schwanitz G. , Rott H.-D. 
Published: July 2016

Nos explications ont pour but de faciliter la compréhension de la concordance et surtout la discordance des jumeaux MZ et DZ moyennant les analyses chromosomiques. Dans les dernières années tout un nombre d'études concernant les jumeaux ont été publiées où chaque jumeau accusait le même phénotype et caryotype. Il s'agit de jumeaux MZ avec les syndromes de Down (Mikkelsen et Melchior, 1962), de Klinefelter (Bertrand et al, 1966; Holub et al, 1958; Nowakowski et al, 1963; Vague et al, 1968) et de Turner (Decourt et al. 1964; Frasier et al, 1961; Nance et Uchida, 1964; Turner et Zanartu, 1962); aneuploïdies doubles (Hustinx et al, 1961; Turpin et al, 1964); mosaïques gonosomiques (Mikkelsen et al, 1963) et caryotype XYY (Rainer et al, 1969).Le problème de la discordance des jumeaux MZ nous préoccupe davantage que celui de la concordance, car en effet la discordance a été l'objet de maintes études. Le résultat n'est pas satisfaisant pour tous les jumeaux étudiés (Nielsen, 1967; v. Verschuer, 1927). À ce sujet, je tiens à rappeler la discussion qui a eu lieu dans l'Institut Mendel, au cours du Premier Symposium International de Génétique Médicale du 6 au 7 septembre 1953, entre Kallmann et v. Verschuer. Parmi les premiers savants il faudrait citer Meirowsky (1926) qui expliquait les causes de la discordance par un partage inégal du plasma lors du clivage du disque embryonnaire.
Chronological Development of Bones and Teeth A twin study
Authors: Gedda L. , Brenci G. 
Published: July 2016

The hereditary component of the chronological development of bones and teeth has been studied, in 40 twin pairs aged 5-7 years, through dental age (defined on account of the mineralization of the permanent dentition's dental buds) and bone age (denned on account of the presence and form of the hand ossification nuclei).The statistical analysis shows a correlation coefficient of 0.95 in MZ and 0.84 in DZ twins for dental age; and of 0.94 in MZ and 0.81 in DZ twins for bone age.The following are therefore the estimates of the hereditary component (based on Holzinger's formula) for the two parameters studied:
Twin Studies in Sport and Physical Performance
Authors: Venerando A. , Milani-Comparetti M. 
Published: July 2016

In his recent book Dr. Roy J. Schepherd states that:“Further information of genetic effects is likely to be derived from comparisons of identical (monozygotic) and fraternal (dizygotic) twins. Gedda (1961) has already shown that identical twins are more likely to have a similar interest in sports than are fraternal twins. It would be interesting to carry out comparisons of maximum oxygen intake and other objective measurements of endurance fitness on the two classes of twins, but this crucial experiment has yet to be completed”.We are very glad to be able to announce here that Dr. Schepherd's wish is being fulfilled within the scope of a wider research project undertaken jointly by the Gregor Mendel Institute for Medical Genetics and Twin Research and the Italian Olympic Committee's Institute of Sports Medicine under the auspices of the Italian Sports Medicine Federation.The studies we have undertaken aim to assess the respective roles of genetic and environmental factors as related to selection and training in sports and physical education.The twin method affords, through a comparison of MZ and DZ within-pair concordances, an assessment of the degree of genetic conditioning in any individual trait.It is quite obvious that the possible influence of training on any given trait is inversely proportional to the degree of genetic conditioning of the same trait.If a given trait, required for a certain type of activity, is completely or almost completely conditioned by the genotype, we should seek those who have inherited it from their parents without wasting time and effort in useless training sessions.As we can see, the scientific information we are seeking has great practical importance in the selection and training of athletes in every single field of sports and physical education.
Three Serum Enzymes in Twins
Authors: Hosenfeld D. , Drössier E. 
Published: July 2016

In a previous study (Hosenfeld and Schröter, 1970) we were able to demonstrate the activity of three serum enzymes, Cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8), ceruloplasmin (EC 1.10.3.2.) and alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) as individual characteristics which in healthy adults remain fairly constant for several months. For the purpose of investigating whether these quantitative features are genetically determined, we carried out similar studies on twins.The twins were traced in the Birth Register of Kiel. A certain amount of selection could have been caused by the willingness to have blood samples taken and by the interest in obtaining Accident Cards. We examined 30 MZ and 30 same-sexed DZ twin pairs, aged 8-20 years. The average age of the two groups of twins was about 15 years. Among the MZ 15 pairs were female; among the DZ, 11 pairs.Zygosity was established by polysymptomatic comparison of similarity. For documentation, color slides were made. ABO and Rh blood groups of all twins were determined, and in most cases further erythrocytic and serum properties. Blood samples were usually obtained in the afternoon about three to four hours after the last meal. The serum was centrifuged off and frozen. Enzyme determination was carried out during the next one to three weeks. Following substrates were used for estimation of the three enzymes: benzoylcholine, paraphenylendiamine and paranitrophenylphosphate. Acording to the methods of Richterich (1968), all measurements were carried out kinetically, employing a recording spectrophotometer (Beckman DB).
La Double Fécondation chez l'Homme
Authors: Lamy M. , de Grouchy J. , Josso N. 
Published: July 2016

L'hermaphrodisme vrai est une forme relativement rare d'état intersexué.L'étude chromosomique, dans les cas de ce genre, montre habituellement soit des caryotypes normaux XX ou XY, soit des mosaïques chromosomiques, par exemple XX/XO. Ces mosaïques sont explicables d'une façon simple par les mécanismes généralement invoqués: non-disjonction gamétique, ou bien perte et non-disjonction chromatidienne, lors des premières mitoses du zygote.Nous avons eu l'occasion d'observer un sujet de 20 ans atteint d'un hermaphrodisme vrai. Elevé comme un garçon, son aspect était ambigu: les poils du visage étaient rares, la pilosité pubienne de type féminin, la forme du bassin féminine, elle aussi; il existait une gynécomastie, la verge était de très petite dimension et les bourses étaient vides.Une laparotomie exploratrice a montré la présence de tissu testiculaire et ovarien dans les gonades, ce qu'ont démontré les examens histologiques (Prof. Nezelof). A gauche, la gonade était constituée exclusivement de tissu ovarien. A droite, il s'agissait d'une glande mixte, d'un ovotestis. Les coupes histologiques ont décelé, en effet, à côté de tissu ovarien et de formations annexielles, des tubes séminifères et une formation épididymaire.L'examen des frottis buccaux a montré l'existence de masses chromatiniennes dans 20% des noyaux cellulaires.
Monozygotisme Hétérocaryote
Authors: Turpin Raymond 
Published: July 2016

Le monozygotisme hétérocaryote est une gémellité pathologique par trouble de la ségrégation chromosomique. Elle fut découverte en 1961 (Turpin et al, 1961), quand l'analyse d'un couple, garçon normal — fille typique de syndrome de Turner, prouva que ces jumeaux, malgré leurs caryotypes différents et leurs dissemblances consécutives, étaient MZ. Depuis, de nouveaux exemples de monozygotisme pathologique ont été publiés, caractéristiques de types nouveaux.Le couple qui révéla ce monozygotisme anormal, jusqu'alors insoupçonné, était composé d'un garçon et d'une fille âgés de 17 ans et issus d'une grossesse monochoriale, d'après l'aspect macroscopique du placenta.Le garçon était normal: 56 kg; 165 cm; QI 125.La fille était anormale: 40 kg; 142 cm; QI 106 (difficultés scolaires).En dépit de son âge, elle n'avait jamais été réglée. Allant de pair avec cette aménorrhée, l'on notait l'absence des caractères sexuels secondaires sans malformations des organes génitaux externes. Par contre, certaines dystrophies évoquaient un syndrome de Turner: pterygium colli, cubitus valgus. Une laparotomie révéla un développement utéro-tubaire normal, mais l'absence des gonades droite et gauche. Le taux des gonadostimulines dépassait 100 u S/24h. L'étude de cellules jugales ou de culture (fascia lata) en interphase, ne décela aucun corpuscule chromatinien nucléaire.Deux cousines au 4ème degré de la mère de ce couple avaient eu elles aussi des jumeaux, l'une garçon et fille, l'autre de type ignoré.
Il Fenomeno Gemellare nelle Famiglie di Pazienti Affetti da Disgenesia Gonadica con Fenotipo Femminile
Authors: Bigozzi U. , Montali E. , Salti F. 
Published: July 2016

È stato più volte segnalato che nelle fratrie di pazienti affette da disgenesia gonadica si verificano parti multipli in numero più elevato del normale. Nelle casistiche riportate (Boyer et al, 1961; Lindsten, 1963; Nance e Uchida, 1964), l'incidenza dei parti gemellari oscilla dal 25% al 63%; considerando globalmente tutti i casi degli autori citati (524 nascite), la frequenza risulta del 32%. Un'elevata incidenza di parti gemellari è segnalata anche fra ascendenti e collaterali delle pazienti.Il fenomeno viene attribuito a fattori, probabilmente in parte ereditari, che possano provocare un'instabilità nei meccanismi che regolano le divisioni cellulari, tan to nella gametogenesi che nell'embriogenesi (Root et al, 1964). Si deve tuttavia segnalare che nelle fratrie dei pazienti con sindrome di Down, nonostante un errore meiotico nell'ovogenesi e l'età materna più elevata della media, non si osserva un numero di gemelli superiore al normale (∅ster, 1953; Allen e Baroff, 1955).il quadro clinico e quello cariologico delle disgenesie gonadiche con fenotipo femminile sono alquanto variabili (Giusti et al, 1966). Si possono distinguere: (1) sindrome di Turner tipica, con bassa statura, quadro malformativo completo, compreso il tipico pterigium colli; (2) sindrome di Turner attenuata, con quadro malformativo attenuato, generalmente senza pterigium; (3) casi senza alcuna malformazione, eccettuata la bassa statura; (4) casi con disgenesia gonadica pura che presentano un aspetto somatico completamente regolare, salvo Pinfantilismo. Nella sindrome di Turner tipica il cariogramma rivela quasi sempre il caratteristico ipoploidismo XO; nei casi di disgenesia gonadica pura il cariotipo è molto spesso normale; negli altri casi il quadro è variabile: fra i soggetti con mosaicismo di tipo XO/XX prevalgono quadri di sindrome di Turner attenuata; fra quelli di tipo XO/XY sono abbastanza frequenti le neoplasie gonadiche del tipo del gonadoblastoma.
Conjoined Twins — A Genealogical Study
Authors: Callahan George B. , Mitchell Roy C. 
Published: July 2016

Beautiful and brilliant, content and capable, skillful and successful, these and multiple other adjectives may be used to describe persons on a family tree of Eng-Chang, the original Siamese twins (Fig. 1). These men chose the State of North Carolina for homes, and are considered among its most renowned citizens. They had some of the above characteristics and their descendants shared others.Data upon six generations of Eng-Chang families — some verified by their 1836 pamphlets, others as recent as 1969 court records in their county residence — are shown in the following table:Fig. 2 shows second and third generations in family groups made in the summer of 1865. Nine of Eng's 11 children are shown; 2 had died young. Likewise, 9 of Chang's 10 children are seen; one was born in 1868, as certified by Edinburgh's famous Prof. James Y. Simpson (1869). Two sets of twins, not joined, are recorded in their descendants. Though some members on this family tree are difficult to certify, the data available in these six generations are by far the most comprehensive found. Chromosome and other genetic studies are being initiated and pursued in anatomy departments of American and Thai Medical Schools.
Twins With Clefts
Authors: Pruzansky S. , Markovic M. , Buzdygan D. 
Published: July 2016

The concurrence of two experiments of nature, twins and congenital birth defects, provides a unique population for the elucidation of nature-nurture questions. Although the concurrence of twins with clefts is not common, their frequency in the aggregate of international reporting is sufficient to allow for meaningful studies.In a recent conference on the genetics of cleft lip and palate, Fraser (1968) summarized the state of knowledge regarding etiology. The following quotation from his report is pertinent to the present paper:1) In the majority of cases, cleft lip or cleft lip and palate [CL(P)] represents a quasi-continuous variant, or threshold character of multifactorial etiology. For cleft palate [CP] there is less convincing information;2) Observations on arch form, face shape, body asymmetries and developmental variables suggest that such variants may underly the predisposition to clefts;3) Twin studies may be useful in identifying the physiognomic factors predisposing to facial clefts.With these concepts in mind, we initiated an analysis of 19 twin pairs selected from the continuing longitudinal growth study which began at our Center in 1949 (Pruzansky and Lis, 1958).
The Genetic Control of Blood Pressure under Experimental Stress
Authors: Osborne R. H. 
Published: July 2016

Different forms of cardiovascular disease, including hypertension, give evidence that heredity is a predisposing factor. Yet, family and twin studies of blood pressure have consistently given inconclusive results. In earlier twin studies, Mathers et al (1961) and Osborne et al (1963) presented evidence that blood pressure liability rather than the measured levels of the blood pressure may constitute the critical manifestation of the genetic variable to be investigated.A twin study has been conducted in which blood pressure measurements were obtained under basal conditions and following experimental stress. The results of this study and comparisons to the earlier studies will be presented.
Blood Pressure and Personality Differences in MZ Twins
Authors: Torgersen Svenn , Kringlen Einar 
Published: July 2016

Our starting point was Franz Alexander's well-known hypothesis about the hypertensive personality. According to Alexander (1939), hypertensive patients are characterized by a neurotic conflict between passive dependent tendencies and over-compensatory, competitive, hostile impulses. Hypertensive patients seem to be anti-aggressive, submissive, polite, and reserved. At the same time, they show no direct neurotic symptoms such as anxiety, obsessive ideas, or conversion symptoms. Hypertension may be looked upon as a substitute for symptom neurosis. According to Alexander, hypertensive patients are unable to express freely aggressive impulses, and at the same time unable to repress or absorb the impulses through symptom formation. An accumulation of psychic energy takes place, which manifests itself in constant vasomotoric stimulation. In the long run, this development may be able to change the balance of the baroceptors and finally destroy the circulatory system.A sample of MZ twins is particularly suitable for studying the influence of inhibited aggression on blood pressure. In addition to the methodological advantages of controlling the genetic and external environmental factors of childhood, one frequently finds a casting of roles with one of the twins dominant and aggressive, and the other as a submissive and timid partner.