bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissociable corticostriatal circuits underlie goal‐directed vs. cue‐elicited habitual food seeking after satiation: evidence from a multimodal MRI study
Authors: van Steenbergen Henk , Watson Poppy , Wiers Reinout W. , Hommel Bernhard , de Wit Sanne 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe present multimodal MRI study advances our understanding of the corticostriatal circuits underlying goal‐directed vs. cue‐driven, habitual food seeking. To this end, we employed a computerized Pavlovian‐instrumental transfer paradigm. During the test phase, participants were free to perform learned instrumental responses (left and right key presses) for popcorn and Smarties outcomes. Importantly, prior to this test half of the participants had been sated on popcorn and the other half on Smarties – resulting in a reduced desirability of those outcomes. Furthermore, during a proportion of the test trials, food‐associated Pavlovian cues were presented in the background. In line with previous studies, we found that participants were able to perform in a goal‐directed manner in the absence of Pavlovian cues, meaning that specific satiation selectively reduced responding for that food. However, presentation of Pavlovian cues biased choice toward the associated food reward regardless of satiation. Functional MRI analyses revealed that, in the absence of Pavlovian cues, posterior ventromedial prefrontal cortex tracked outcome value. In contrast, during cued trials, the BOLD signal in the posterior putamen differentiated between responses compatible and incompatible with the cue‐associated outcome. Furthermore, we identified a region in ventral amygdala showing relatively strong functional connectivity with posterior putamen during the cued trials. Structural MRI analyses provided converging evidence for the involvement of corticostriatal circuits: diffusion tensor imaging data revealed that connectivity of caudate‐seeded white‐matter tracts to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex predicted responding for still‐valuable outcomes; and gray matter integrity in the premotor cortex predicted individual Pavlovian cueing effects.
How Kant Justifies Freedom of Agency (without Transcendental Idealism)
Authors: Westphal Kenneth R. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis paper argues that the problem of the apparent conflict between freedom of action and natural causal determinism has not been properly framed, because the key premiss—the thesis of universal causal determinism—is, in the domain of human behaviour, an unjustified conjecture based on over‐simplified, under‐informed explanatory models. Kant's semantics of singular cognitive reference (explained herein), which stands independently of his Transcendental Idealism, justifies and emphasises a quadruple distinction between causal description, causal ascription (predication), (approximately) true causal ascription (accurate predication) and cognitively justified causal ascription. Contemporary causal theories of mind, of action or of meaning do not suffice for causal ascription, and so cannot suffice for causal predication, and hence cannot justify causal determinism about human behaviour. More generally, the principle of universal causal determinism is a regulative principle governing causal inquiry and was so formulated by LaPlace. Only successful, sufficient causal explanation of particular events provides for causal knowledge of those events. Such knowledge we lack in the domain of human behaviour. Rational belief, including scientific belief, requires apportioning belief to justifying evidence; all else is conjecture or speculation, which do not justify premises of sound proofs. Causal determinism about human behaviour remains unjustified speculation, for sound Critical reasons Kant provided us in the Kritik der reinen Vernunft. In these regards, contemporary debates about these issues remain decidedly pre‐Critical.
Equine atypical myopathy in the UK: Epidemiological characteristics of cases reported from 2011 to 2015 and factors associated with survival
Authors: González‐Medina S. , Ireland J. L. , Piercy R. J. , Newton J. R. , Votion D. M. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryBackgroundEquine atypical myopathy (AM) is a toxic rhabdomyolysis associated with ingestion of hypoglycin A, derived typically in Europe, from Acer pseudoplatanus tree. Despite the wide distribution of this tree species in the UK, the number of cases reported annually varies, and there has been an apparent increase in prevalence in recent years. Although AM was first recognised in the UK, epidemiological studies have never been conducted focused solely on this country.ObjectivesTo describe the spatiotemporal distribution, presentation, treatment and outcome of AM cases reported in the UK.Study designRetrospective case series.MethodsBritish AM cases reported to the atypical myopathy alert website, between 2011 and 2015 were included (n = 224). Data were obtained via standardised epidemiological questionnaires from owners and veterinarians. Factors associated with survival were assessed using logistic regression.ResultsMost cases reported were from England (87.9%). Survival was 38.6% (n = 73/189). Clinical factors associated with reduced odds of survival included, hypothermia (odds ratio [OR] 0.18; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.06–0.57; P = 0.01), bladder distension (OR 0.11; CI 0.02–0.59; P = 0.01), tachycardia (OR 0.97; CI 0.94–0.99; P = 0.04) and serum creatine kinase activity >100,000 IU/L (OR 0.17; CI 0.04–0.68; P = 0.01) in the univariable analysis as well as recumbency. The latter was the only sign retained in multivariable analysis (OR = 0.19; CI 0.06–0.62; P = 0.006). Administration of vitamins during the disease was associated with survival (OR 3.75; CI 1.21–11.57; P = 0.02).Main limitationsReporting cases to the Atypical Myopathy Alert Group is voluntary; therefore, under‐reporting will result in underestimation of AM cases; furthermore, direct owner‐reporting could have introduced misdiagnosis bias.ConclusionSome areas of the UK reported AM cases more commonly. Clinical signs such as recumbency, rectal temperature, distended bladder and serum creatine kinase activity might be useful prognostic indicators though should be considered in the context of the clinical picture. Treatment with vitamins increases odds of survival.
Depositional age of the Himenoura Group on the Amakusa‐Kamishima area, Kyushu, southwest Japan: Using zircon U–Pb dating of the acidic tuffs
Authors: Tsutsumi Yukiyasu , Miyake Yuka , Komatsu Toshifumi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe Upper Cretaceous Himenoura Group in the Amakusa‐Kamishima Island area, southwest Japan is subdivided into the Hinoshima and Amura Formations. In order to determine the numerical depositional age of the formations, zircon U–Pb ages were investigated using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA–ICP–MS) for acidic tuff samples from the lower part of the Hinoshima Formation and the upper part of the Amura Formation. Although the two samples contain some accidental zircons, the samples have a definite youngest age cluster and their weighted mean ages are 85.4 ± 1.3 and 81.5 ± 1.1 Ma, respectively (errors are 95 % confidence interval). These age data indicate that the Himenoura Group in the Amakusa‐Kamishima Island area was deposited mainly in the early Santonian to early Campanian which is consistent with biostratigraphic ages. Additionally, zircon age distributions of the two tuff samples from the upper part of the Hinoshima Formation do not show a distinct youngest peak of eruption age but characteristics of detrital zircons suggestive of maximum depositional age of the host sediments. These results demonstrate that the mean age of the youngest zircon age cluster of a tuff sample does not always indicate depositional age of the tuff, and statistical evaluation of age data is effective to determine depositional age of a tuff bed using zircon U–Pb ages.
Dispersal capacity shapes responses of river island invertebrate assemblages to vegetation structure, island area, and flooding
Authors: Vanbergen Adam J. , Woodcock Ben A. , Gray Alan , Andrews Christopher , Ives Stephen , Kjeldsen Thomas R. , Laize Cedric L. R. , Chapman Daniel S. , Butler Adam , O'Hare Matthew T. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Riparian invertebrate communities occupy a dynamic ecotone where hydrogeomorphological (e.g. river flows) and ecological (e.g. succession) processes may govern assemblage structure by filtering species according to their traits (e.g. dispersal capacity, niche).

We surveyed terrestrial invertebrate assemblages (millipedes, carabid beetles, spiders) in 28 river islands across four river catchments over 2 years. We predicted that distinct ecological niches would produce taxon‐specific responses of abundance and species richness to: (i) disturbance from episodic floods, (ii) island area, (iii) island vegetation structure, and (iv) landscape structure. We also predicted that responses would differ according to species’ dispersal ability (aerial vs. terrestrial only), indicating migration was sustaining community structure.

Invertebrate abundance and richness was affected by different combinations of vegetation structure, island area, and flood disturbance according to species’ dispersal capacity. Carabid abundance related negatively to episodic floods, particularly for flightless species, but the other taxa were insensitive to this disturbance. Larger islands supported greater abundance of carabids and all invertebrates able to disperse aerially. Vegetation structure, particularly tree canopy density and plant richness, related positively to invertebrate abundance across all taxa and aerial dispersers, whereas terrestrial disperser richness related positively to tree cover. Landscape structure did not influence richness or abundance.

Multiple ecological processes govern riparian invertebrate assemblages. Overall insensitivity to flood disturbance and responses contingent on dispersal mode imply that spatial dynamics subsidise the communities through immigration. Particular habitat features (e.g. trees, speciose vegetation) may provide refuges from disturbance and concentration of niches and food resources.
Saving costs through a coordinated care model for patients with hepatocellular cancer
Authors: Ow Tsai‐Wing , Ralton Lucy , Tse Edmund 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundIn keeping with recent trends, patients with hepatocellular cancer have had their care managed by a dedicated Nurse Coordinator at our tertiary Australian hospital since 2010. To date, there are few data to justify the cost‐effectiveness of this approach.AimsTo quantify the potential cost saved through the employment of a Nurse Coordinator in the management of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma at a single tertiary‐level Australian hospital.MethodsA retrospective audit of patients managed by the Nurse Coordinator between 2010 and 2015 was conducted. Consensus reports from previous meetings were reviewed, and nurse‐initiated radiological procedures and encounters were identified. Clinical activities were prospectively evaluated over a 1‐month period in July–August 2015. The equivalent annual number of outpatient medical encounters spared was calculated. Using the national average cost of each gastroenterology outpatient encounter, a total annual cost was determined and was compared against the cost of funding the position.ResultsThe activity of the Nurse Coordinator resulted in an equivalent of at least 175 outpatient encounters being spared per year, with a minimum annual cost saving of $85 750. A total of 113 encounters resulted from the independent delivery and initiation of multidisciplinary team meeting plans; 10 were attributed to nurse‐led patient education, and 52 were equated to weekly clinical activities. This represented a net annual saving of $17 050.ConclusionThe incorporation of the Nurse Coordinator in the care pathway of patients with hepatocellular cancer is associated with a reduction in medical outpatient load and, consequently, a significant annual cost saving.
Who takes workplace case‐study methods seriously? The influence of gender, academic rank and PhD training
Authors: McGovern Patrick , Alburez‐Gutierrez Diego 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe examine whether differences in the reporting of workplace case‐study research methods are associated with gender, experience, academic rank and PhD training. Using a random sample of published articles, we find that women take more care reporting their research methods in the context of a general increase in methods reporting.
A model for solving incompatible fuzzy goal programming: an application to portfolio selection
Authors: Jiménez Mariano , Bilbao‐Terol Amelia , Arenas‐Parra Mar 
Published: April 2017

AbstractFor many fuzzy goal programming (GP) approaches, in order to build the membership functions of fuzzy aspiration levels, a tolerance threshold for each one of them should be determined. In this paper, we address the case in which the decision maker proposes incompatible thresholds, which could lead to an infeasible problem. We propose an alternative algebraic formulation of the membership functions, which allows us to formulate models capable of providing solutions, although some tolerance thresholds are surpassed. The objective values that do not violate their corresponding threshold are evaluated positively according to the degree of achievement to their fuzzy target, and in turn those who violate the threshold are penalized according to their unwanted deviation with respect to the threshold. Thus, our model jointly uses the fuzzy GP approach and the standard GP approach, which also allows incorporating fuzzy and crisp targets into the same problem. The proposed procedure is applied to socially responsible portfolio selection problems.
Which blood pressure measurement, systolic or diastolic, better predicts future hypertension in normotensive young adults?
Authors: Kanegae Hiroshi , Oikawa Takamitsu , Okawara Yukie , Hoshide Satoshi , Kario Kazuomi 
Published: April 2017

The impact of age‐related differences in blood pressure (BP) components on new‐onset hypertension is not known. A follow‐up examination of 93 303 normotensive individuals (mean age 41.1 years) who underwent a health checkup in 2005 was conducted every year for 8 years. The primary end point was new‐onset hypertension (systolic BP [SBP]/diastolic BP [DBP] ≥140/90 mm Hg and/or the initiation of antihypertensive medications with self‐reported hypertension). During the mean 4.9 years of follow‐up, 14 590 subjects developed hypertension. The impact of DBP on the risk of developing hypertension compared with optimal BP (SBP <120 mm Hg and DBP <80 mm Hg) was significantly greater than that of SBP in subjects younger than 50 years (hazard ratios, 17.5 for isolated diastolic high‐normal vs 10.5 for isolated systolic high‐normal [P<.001]; 8.0 for isolated diastolic normal vs 4.1 for isolated systolic normal [P<.001]). Among the subjects 50 years and older, the corresponding effects of DBP and SBP were similar. Regarding the risk of new‐onset hypertension, high DBP is more important than SBP in younger adults (<50 years) with normal or high‐normal BP.
Methylglyoxal‐induced apoptosis is dependent on the suppression of c‐FLIPL expression via down‐regulation of p65 in endothelial cells
Authors: Jang Ji Hoon , Kim Eun‐Ae , Park Hye‐Jin , Sung Eon‐Gi , Song In‐Hwan , Kim Joo‐Young , Woo Chang‐Hoon , Doh Kyung‐Oh , Kim Kook Hyun , Lee Tae‐Jin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMethylglyoxal (MGO) is a reactive dicarbonyl metabolite of glucose, and its plasma levels are elevated in patients with diabetes. Studies have shown that MGO combines with the amino and sulphhydryl groups of proteins to form stable advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are associated with vascular endothelial cell (EC) injury and may contribute to the progression of atherosclerosis. In this study, MGO induced apoptosis in a dose‐dependent manner in HUVECs, which was attenuated by pre‐treatment with z‐VAD, a pan caspase inhibitor. Treatment with MGO increased ROS levels, followed by dose‐dependent down‐regulation of c‐FLIPL. In addition, pre‐treatment with the ROS scavenger NAC prevented the MGO‐induced down‐regulation of p65 and c‐FLIPL, and the forced expression of c‐FLIPL attenuated MGO‐mediated apoptosis. Furthermore, MGO‐induced apoptotic cell death in endothelium isolated from mouse aortas. Finally, MGO was found to induce apoptosis by down‐regulating p65 expression at both the transcriptional and posttranslational levels, and thus, to inhibit c‐FLIPL mRNA expression by suppressing NF‐κB transcriptional activity. Collectively, this study showed that MGO‐induced apoptosis is dependent on c‐FLIPL down‐regulation via ROS‐mediated down‐regulation of p65 expression in endothelial cells.
LncRNA MALAT1 is dysregulated in diabetic nephropathy and involved in high glucose‐induced podocyte injury via its interplay with β‐catenin
Authors: Hu Mengsi , Wang Rong , Li Xiaobing , Fan Minghua , Lin Jiangong , Zhen Junhui , Chen Liqun , Lv Zhimei 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMetastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1(MALAT1) is a long non‐coding RNA, broadly expressed in mammalian tissues including kidney and up‐regulated in a variety of cancer cells. To date, its functions in podocytes are largely unknown. β‐catenin is a key mediator in the canonical and non‐canonical Wnt signalling pathway; its aberrant expression promotes podocyte malfunction and albuminuria, and contributes to kidney fibrosis. In this study, we found that MALAT1 levels were increased in kidney cortices from C57BL/6 mice with streptozocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic nephropathy, and dynamically regulated in cultured mouse podocytes stimulated with high glucose, which showed a trend from rise to decline. The decline of MALAT1 levels was accompanied with β‐catenin translocation to the nuclei and enhanced expression of serine/arginine splicing factor 1 (SRSF1), a MALAT1 RNA‐binding protein. Further we showed early interference with MALAT1 siRNA partially restored podocytes function and prohibited β‐catenin nuclear accumulation and SRSF1 overexpression. Intriguingly, we showed that β‐catenin was involved in MALAT1 transcription by binding to the promotor region of MALAT1; β‐catenin knock‐down also decreased MALAT1 levels, suggesting a novel feedback regulation between MALAT1 and β‐catenin. Notably, β‐catenin deletion had limited effects on SRSF1 expression, demonstrating β‐catenin might serve as a downstream signal of SRSF1. These findings provided evidence for a pivotal role of MALAT1 in diabetic nephropathy and high glucose‐induced podocyte damage.
Iranian clinical trials: An analysis of registered trials in International Clinical Trial Registry Platform (ICTRP)
Authors: Feizabadi Mansoureh , Fahimnia Fatima , Mosavi Jarrahi Alireza , Naghshineh Nader , Tofighi Shahram 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigated and analyzed Iranian clinical trials registered in the ICTRP portal by the end of 2015. The goal was to determine which diseases are currently being studied and whether these are diseases that carry the greatest burden of disease according to regional and WHO statistics.Materials and MethodsInformation on clinical trials carried out in Iran was downloaded from the portal of the International Clinical Trials Registry website. By the end of 2015, 10,341 studies were registered from Iran. After removing duplicate and observational studies, 10,211 studies remained for analysis. The 2016 edition of the International Classification of Diseases was used to classify the diseases.ResultsThe frequency of studies was found to be mental and behavioral disorders (10.44%), diseases of the genitourinary system (10.2%), and endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (10.01%). Gastrointestinal and dermatologic diseases made up more than 12% of studies, but bear only 0.84% of the burden of disease in Iran.ConclusionThe results showed that, despite an increase in registration of clinical trials in Iran, most studies registered were conducted on diseases, which form only a small percentage of the total disease burden of the country.
Fermentation Effect on the Properties of Sweet Potato Starch and its Noodle's Quality by Lactobacillus plantarum
Authors: Liao Luyan , Wu Weiguo 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe properties of sweet potato starch and its noodle qualities were investigated on fermentation day 0, 1, 2, 3, respectively, by using Lactobacillus plantarum. The pasting properties, water retention, expansion rate, starch granule and structure, starch noodles qualities (which include broken rate, hardness and extension) were revealed. It was found that the final viscosity and setback of sweet potato starch increased from 268.3 to 294.3 RVU, and 63 to 86.3 RVU, respectively, and the peak temperature increased from 79.25 to 82.5 °C after the first day of fermentation; the peak viscosity and the viscosity breakdown were decreased significantly. Both the water retention and the expansion rate of sweet potato starch increased after fermentation. The crystal structure of the fermented sweet potato starch was destroyed and the starch granule displayed corrosion. The starch noodles qualities for day 1 fermentation were improved significantly, with a decrease in the broken rate and a significant increase in the hardness and extension of the starch noodle.Practical ApplicationsLactic acid fermentation has been a practiced way to improve nutritional value and taste. Investigation of the changes in rice starch noodles taste has recently been considered. In this work, the degradation of sweet potato starch by Lactobacillus plantarum during fermentation could modify the properties of the starch. Information about these changed physicochemical properties is important to determine the usability of fermented sweet potato starch in various products. So the objective of this study is to study the effect of L. plantarum fermentation on physical properties of sweet potato starch and its noodle qualities, which can be used to develop a feasibility way in improving sweet potato starch noodle quality by lactic acid fermentation.