bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sistem Monitoring Pendeteksi Kebocoran LPG berbasis Mikrokontroller ATmega16 menggunakan RF APC220
Authors: SUSANA RATNA , NATALIANA DECY , ATIAH UMMI 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRAKPenggunaan LPG sebagai bahan bakar alternatif pengganti bahan bakar minyak dirasakan lebih efektif dan praktis. Namun kandungan senyawa di dalamnya memiliki efek yang negatif jika menguap di udara bebas. Sistem detektor gas LPG dapat menjadi salah satu solusi untuk mengetahui lebih dini terjadinya kebocoran gas. Implementasi sistem detektor gas LPG pada penelitian ini berupa sistem monitoring nirkabel yang dilengkapi alarm sebagai indikasi jika terjadi kebocoran gas. Sistem terdiri dari bagian Remote Controller dan Master Controller. Remote Controller menggunakan mikrokontroler ATMega16 yang terintegrasi dengan sensor MQ5, LCD dan transceiver RF APC220. Sedangkan Master Controller berupa komputer (PC) yang dapat menampilkan kondisi ruangan yang dideteksi oleh bagian Remote Controller. Sistem berhasil mendeteksi gas LPG dan menampilkan kadar konsentrasinya dalam rentang 200 sampai dengan 1000 ppm. Ketika kadar konsentrasi gas mencapai 5000 ppm, alarm aktif secara otomatis dan memberikan status waspada. Pengiriman data secara nirkabel dengan adanya sejumlah penghalang berhasil dilakukan sampai jarak 200 m.Kata kunci: Sistem Monitoring, Remote Controller, Master Controller, LPG, RF APC220 ABSTRACTThe use of LPG as a fuel alternative to fossil fuels may be more effective and practical. Neverfluless its compound has a negative effect if it evaporates to the air. LPG gas detector system may be one solution to determine the early occurrence of gas leak. The detector system implementation in this study was a wireless monitoring system that had alarm to indicate if there was the gas leak. The system consisted of the Remote Controller and the Master Controller. Remote Controller used ATmega16 microcontroller integrated with MQ5 sensor, LCD and RF transceiver APC220. While the Master Controller in the form of a computer (PC) that could display a room condition was detected by the Remote Controller section. LPG gas system successfully detected and displayed the levels of concentration in 200 up to 1000 range ppm. When the concentration of gas reached 5000 ppm, the alarm activated automatically and provided alert status. The wirelless sending data with a number of barriers was carried out successfully up to a distance of 200 m.Keywords: Monitoring System, Remote Controller, Master Controller, LPG, RF APC220
Implementasi Prototype Sistem Home security dengan Pemanfaatan Kode Akses berbasis Arduino Mega
Authors: NATALIANA DECY , ANWARI SABAT , AKBAR MUHAMMAD SYAHRUL 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRAKSistem home security adalah suatu sistem yang dirancang sedemikian rupa yang digunakan untuk mengamankan sebuah perangkat hardware atau software. Home security yang dirancang ini berupa prototype yang terdiri dari input dan output. Input terdiri dari limit switch, motion sensor, Keypad 3x4. Output yang dirancang terdiri dari hardware dan software. Hardware berupa Lcd 16x2, LED, buzzer dan motor servo, sedangkan untuk software memberikan perintah ataupun program ke arduino mega yang untuk ditampilkan ke PC. Sistem home security yang telah direalisasikan mampu mengaktifkan buzzer yang berfungsi sebagai alarm rumah ketika melakukan kesalahan dalam memasukkan akses kode, dan akan menonaktifkan buzzer dan limit switch ketika akses kode yang dimasukkan benar. Saat berada didalam ruangan motion sensor detection akan langsung membaca pergerakan sehingga lampu yang berupa led akan menyala kemudian motor servo akan bergerak kearah masing-masing ruangan dan kamera merekam yang terjadi pada masing-masing ruangan dengan mengikuti arah motor servo yang telah di program 0o,90o dan 180o.Kata kunci: Security Sistem, Arduino Mega, Motion Detection, Limit Switch, Motor Servo.ABSTRACTHome security sistem is a sistem that is designed in a way that is used to secure a piece of hardware or software. Home security is a prototype designed consisting of input and output. Input consists of a limit switch, motion sensor, 3x4 Keypad. Output designed consists of hardware and software. Hardware such as Lcd 16x2, LED, buzzer and servo motors, while the software gives the command or program to arduino mega were to be shown to the PC. Home security sistem that has been realized is able to activate an alarm buzzer which serves as the home when it made a mistake in entering the access code, and will disable the buzzer and the limit switch when access code is entered correctly. When being in the room sensor motion detection will directly read the movement so that the lights in the form of LED will light then the servo motor will move toward each room and a kamera to record what happened in each room to follow the direction of servo motors that have been in the program 0o, 90o and 180o.Keywords: Security Sistem, Arduino Mega, Motion Detection, Limit Switch, Servo Motor
A Meta-Analysis of Laninamivir Octanoate for Treatment and Prophylaxis of Influenza
Authors: Higashiguchi Masayoshi , Matsumoto Tomoshige , Fujii Takashi 
Published: September 2017

Background Laninamivir octanoate is a recently developed inhaled neuraminidase inhibitor for treating influenza virus infection. We performed meta-analyses to clarify the efficacy of laninamivir octanoate on influenza treatment and prevention. Methods MEDLINE and CENTRAL were searched to identify eligible studies. The log median time to event ratios (logMRs) and log odds ratios (logORs) were combined with meta-analysis. Results Nine studies in treatment settings and three studies in prophylaxis settings were eligible for this meta-analysis. There was no significant difference between laninamivir octanoate and oseltamivir (8 studies, logMR 0.04, 95% CI [-0.05, 0.14]; P=0.36) or zanamivir (4 studies, logMR -0.01, 95% CI [-0.12, 0.11]; P=0.93) in alleviating fever. However, laninamivir octanoate was associated with significantly longer fever duration in treating H3N2 influenza as compared to oseltamivir (4 studies, logMR 0.29, 95% CI [0.00, 0.59]; P=0.047). Laninamivir octanoate was associated with significantly longer duration of fever as compared to peramivir (4 studies, logMR 0.46, 95% CI [0.14, 0.77]; P=0.004). Laninamivir octanoate significantly reduced the incidence of clinical influenza in post-exposure settings (3 studies, logOR -1.17, 95% CI [-1.72, -0.62]; P<0.001). Conclusions Overall, the efficacy of laninamivir octanoate in treating influenza was comparable to that of oseltamivir or zanamivir, but it should be noted that laninamivir octanoate was associated with significantly longer fever duration in treating influenza H3N2 as compared to oseltamivir and oseltamivir-resistant mutations in seasonal influenza H1N1 might have affected the results. Peramivir may be superior to laninamivir in treating influenza. Laninamivir octanoate is effective in preventing influenza in post-exposure settings as compared to placebo.
Rabearivelo : « Yo fui negro y vierto la luz »
Authors: Luce Xavier 
Published: September 2017

Cet article propose de lire le manuscrit d’une nouvelle inédite de Jean-Joseph Rabearivelo comme une fable de l’Histoire dans laquelle se condenserait, d’une part, une veine ethno-nationale marquée par l’État centralisateur précolonial (le royaume de l’Imerina) irriguée par les mouvements régionalistes français ; et, d’autre part, une conscience d’intellectuel colonisé qui emprunte autant aux théories raciales des années folles qu’elle articule un discours critique sur la présence française à Madagascar.
Determination of Heat and Flow Characteristics in Spray Cooling with Rectangular Finned Heat Sink
Authors: Karabey Altuğ , Yakut Kenan 
Published: September 2017

Spray cooling process has many parameters such as extended surface, angle of inclination, effect of gravity, diameter of nozzle, angle of spray, mass flux, geometry of cooled surface, thermal performance and critical heat flux of spray etc. Many effective parameters to carry out the experiments with conventional test methods are both expensive and time consuming. As a solution in these circumstances, Taguchi method, which is one of the modern experimental design and optimization methods and very effective in solving such problems, was used in this study. Taguchi method, as well as being in effective to improve the quality of products, also gives the opportunity to achieve better results with much less experiment. Using Taguchi method, as well as to reach the target value exactly, the sensitivity of the design against uncontrollable factors is reduced to a minimum. Thus, the optimum tolerance range in cost and quality factors is determined. When compared to conventional experimental design methods, Taguchi method has many advantages. One of them is that the test costs are minimized and the deviation around the target is kept to a minimum while in bringing targeted level of the average value of performance. Another advantage is that the obtained results in the laboratory can be obtained in the real production environment and also saved a time of production. Nowadays, the planning of the multi-factorial experiments can be provided with great flexibility and simplicity by Taguchi method. In these experiments with using rectangular pin fin heat sinks, the effects of the longitudinal and lateral distances of the consecutively arranged nozzle or diffuser-like fin pairs, widths of the fins, angle of fins, heights of fins, spraying time, air flow rate, liquid flow rate (ALR, the ratio of air-liquid flow rate) and the ratio of the nozzle-heat sink distance to the nozzle diameter (h/d) on heat and flow characteristics have been investigated by using Taguchi experimental design method. For this reason, characteristics of flow and heat transfer are considered separately. Nusselt number considered as performance statistic, L27(311) orthogonal array has been selected as an experimental design plan for the eleven parameters mentioned above. The Nusselt number was calculated by taking into account the characteristic length of heat sink and the optimized results were found to be fin width of 45 mm, fin angle of 45o, fin height of 15 mm, x direction distance between fins of 20 mm, y direction distance between fins of 20 mm, x direction distance between slices of 15 mm, y direction distances between slices of 20 mm, air flow rate of 10-3 m3/s, liquid flow rate of 5,83*10-6 m3/s, spraying time of 5 s and the ratio of the nozzle-heat sink distance to the nozzle diameter (h/d) of 667.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4596
Zooming into primary breakup mechanisms of high-pressure automotive sprays
Authors: Kirsch Valeri , Reddemann Manuel A. , Palmer Johannes , Kneer Reinhold 
Published: September 2017

In-cylinder mixture formation and combustion are highly influenced by primary breakup of injected fuel. Experimentalinvestigation of this phenomenon directly at the outlet of a diesel injector requires a specialized transmitted light microscopy technique combined with a constant-pressure flow microscopy vessel. The method allows verification of the existence of an intact jet core for various states of injection and different fuels. The jet core is dominated by axisymmetric surface waves during the initial injection phase. By quantification of the wavelengths and comparison with existing breakup theories, boundary layer instabilities are identified as origin of surface waves. Boundary layer wavelengths are found to be larger for a higher fuel viscosity. An occasionally appearing non-cylindrical helical jet shape is visible during the injector’s opening and closing phase. The helical jet shape is directly resulting from the nozzle outlet flow. Inner nozzle effects are found to be responsible for generation of the helical structure. A fuel dependence of the helical structure formation and its breakup could not be proved. Results also prove that fuel is exiting the nozzle even after the injector needle is closed, while air is simultaneously moving into the nozzle orifice.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4603
Experimental Characterization of Spray generated by a Rotary Atomizer Wheel
Authors: Kuhnhenn Maximilian , Luh Max Frederik , Joensen Tórstein Vincent , Roisman Ilia V. , Tropea Cameron 
Published: September 2017

Rotary atomizers are widely used for spray drying processes to produce powders in various industrial applications.The atomization regime and therefore the droplet size distribution have a substantial impact on the process outcome. Depending on the intended use of the dried powder particles, various droplet size distributions are desired, which should be adjustable by the main operating parameters (e.g. mass flow rate and wheel speed). In this study the spray of a rotary atomizer wheel, operated under normal ambient conditions, is characterized for different mass flow rates, wheel speeds and viscosities with the help of a phase Doppler measurement system. Visual investigations of the spray with a high resolution camera system help to get a better understanding of the atomization process, aswell as the thickness of the liquid jets exiting the atomizer.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4610
Mechanisms of Liquid Stream Breakup: Vorticity and Time and Length Scales
Authors: Sirignano William A , Zandian Arash , Hussain Fazle 
Published: September 2017

The 3D, temporal instabilities on a planar liquid jet are studied using DNS with level-set and VoF interface-capturingmethods. The λ2 method has been used to relate the vortex dynamics to the surface dynamics at different stages of the jet breakup. The breakup character depends on the Ohnesorge number (Oh) and gas-to-liquid density ratio. At high Reynolds number (Re) and high Oh, hairpin vortices form on the braid and overlap with the lobe hairpins, thinning the lobes, which then puncture creating holes and bridges. The bridges break, creating ligaments that stretch and break into droplets by capillary action. At low Oh and high Re, lobe stretching and thinning is hindered by high surface tension and splitting of the original Kelvin-Helmholtz vortex, preventing early hole formation. Corru- gations form on the lobe edges, influenced by the split vortices, and stretch to form ligaments. Both mechanisms are present in a transitional region in the We-Re map. At lower Re and not-too-large Weber number (We), lobe stretching occurs but with longer and larger ligaments in this third domain which has a hyperbolic transition to the hole formation domain as We increases. The three domains with differing breakup behaviors each occupy distinct portions of a plot of We based on gas density versus Re based on liquid properties. Characteristic times for the hole formation, as well as the lobe and ligament stretching are different - the former depending on the surface tensionand the latter on liquid viscosity. In the transitional region, both times are of the same order.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4616
Coupled study of film and spray on a basic annular prefiming airblast atomizer
Authors: Gosselin Valentin , Ferret Bernard , Bazile Rudy 
Published: September 2017

One way to increase efficiency and reduce pollution in transport and energetic domain is designing fuel injectorswith better atomization. In this work, experiments were performed on a prefilming airblast atomizer often used in gas turbine engines. For this purpose, a new injector was designed to visualize the prefilming zone and the primary atomization together. The flow configuration corresponds to an annular liquid film sheared by inner high velocity airflows. High speed Shadowgraphy was used to observe film and spray, liquid film frequency, wave velocity and wave deformation, primary breakup regime. Finally, a link between liquid film and the primaryatomization are shown first qualitatively and after quantitatively.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4626
Numerical simulation of compressible cavitating two-phase flows with a pressure-based solver
Authors: Cristofaro Marco , Edelbauer Wilfried , Gavaises Manolis , Koukouvinis Phoevos 
Published: September 2017

This work intends to study the effect of compressibility on throttle flow simulations with a pressure–based solver.The simple micro throttle geometry allows easier access for obtaining experimental data compared to a real injector, but still maintaining the main flow features. For this reasons it represents a meaningful and well reported benchmark for validation of numerical methods developed for cavitating injector flows.An implicit pressure–based compressible solver is used on the filtered Navier–Stokes equations. Thus, no stability limitation is applied on the time step. A common pressure field is computed for all phases, but different velocity fields are solved for each phase, following the multi–fluid approach. The liquid evaporation rate is evaluated with a Rayleigh–Plesset equation based cavitation model and the Coherent Structure Model is adopted as closure for the sub–grid scales in the momentum equation.The aim of this study is to show the capabilities of the pressure–based solver to deal with both vapor and liquid phases considered compressible. A comparison between experimental results and compressible simulations is presented. Time–averaged vapor distribution and velocity profiles are reported and discussed. The distribution of pressure maxima on the surface and the results from a semi–empirical erosion model are in good agreement with the erosion locations observed in the experiments. This test case aims to represent a benchmark for furtherapplication of the methodology to industrial relevant cases.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4629
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Dispersed and Continuous Liquid Film under Boiling conditions
Authors: Habchi Chaouki , Lamarque Nicolas , Helie Jerome , Jay Stéphane 
Published: September 2017

In this work, both experimental and numerical investigations have been carried out in order to improve the modelling of the vaporization of wall liquid-deposits in internal combustion engines. A comprehensive model is suggested for the vaporization of liquid films in the different boiling regimes, including nucleate boiling regime, the Leidenfrost boiling regime, as well as the transition boiling regime occurring between the two latter. This work extends the validity of the Liquid Film Boiling model (Habchi, Oil &amp; Gas Science and Technology – Rev. IFP, Vol. 65, No. 2, 2010) for dispersed liquid films that may be formed when a dilute spray impinges a wall. A sub-grid liquid film is indeed considered when the wetted-area is smaller than the wall cell-face area. A sessile droplet model is used to estimate the wall area wetted by the liquid film and whether it is resolved by the grid or located in the sub-grid scale (SGS). In addition, a novel Leidenfrost vaporization model is proposed for spray droplets located near a hot wall. The above vaporisation/boiling models has been implemented in the Large-Eddy simulation (LES) AVBP code. The validation has been carried out using two different experiments. First, the experimental lifetime curve of a sessile droplet (Stanglmaier et al., SAE paper 2002-01-0838) has been used for a quantitative validation in the different boiling regimes. Second, the wall impingement of a heptane spray from a typical gasoline injector from Continental Automotive, has been simulated. The numerical results obtained under boiling conditions, are compared to the liquid film footprints and lifetime provided by the Refractive Index Matching (RIM) experiment which is described in this article.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4632
Experimental Investigation of Droplet Injections in the Vicinity of the Critical Point: A comparison of different model approaches
Authors: Steinhausen Christoph , Lamanna Grazia , Weigand Bernhard , Stierle Rolf , Groß Joachim , Preusche Andreas , Dreizler Andreas 
Published: September 2017

The disintegration process of liquid fuel within combustion chambers is one of the most important parameters forefficient and stable combustion. Especially for high pressures exceeding the critical value of the injected fluids the mixing processes are not fully understood yet. Recently, different theoretical macroscopic models have been introduced to understand breakdown of the classical two phase regime and predict the transition from evaporation to a diffuse-mixing process. In order to gain deeper insight into the physical processes of this transition, a parametric study of free-falling n-pentane droplets in an inert nitrogen atmosphere is presented. Atmospheric conditions varied systematically from sub- to supercritical values with respect to the fluid properties. An overlay of a diffuse lighted image with a shadowgram directly in the optical setup (front lighted shadowgraphy) was applied to simultaneously detect the presence of a material surface of the droplet as well as changes in density gradients in the surrounding atmosphere. The experimental investigation illustrates, that the presence of a material surface cannot be shown by a direct shadowgram. However, reflections and refractions caused by diffuse ambient illumination are able to indicate the presence of a material surface. In case of the supercritical droplet injections in this study, front lighted shadowgraphy clearly revealed the presence of a material surface, even when the pre-heated droplets are released into a supercritical atmosphere. This detection of the droplet interface indicates, that the droplet remains subcritical in the region of interest, even though it is injected into a supercritical atmosphere. Based on the adiabatic mixing assumption recent Raman-scattering results in the wake of the droplet are re-evaluated to compute the temperature distribution. Presented experimental findings as well as the re-evaluation of recent Raman scattering results are compared to thermodynamic models to predict the onset of diffuse-mixing and supercritical disintegration of the droplet. Additionally, a one dimensional evaporation model is used to evaluate the validity of the adiabatic mixing assumption in the estimation of the droplet temperature. The presented findings contribute to the understanding of recent theoretical models for prediction of spray and droplet disintegration and the onset of diffuse-mixing processes.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4635
Experimental Investigation on the Early Stage Spray Characteristics with Biodiesel and Diesel
Authors: Yu Shenghao , Yin Bifeng , Wen Shuai , Li Xifeng , Jia Hekun , Yu Jianda 
Published: September 2017

The early stage spray characteristics have a great impact on the secondary atomization progress, and thus affectthe engine combustion and emission performances. The experimental investigation of the early stage spray behaviors with biodiesel and diesel was carried out by employing a laser-based Mie-scattering method. The results show that the spray tip penetration for biodiesel is higher than that for diesel at the early stage spray under the same injection pressure. Moreover, the early stage spray tip penetration can be longer under high injection pressures for two fuels. Besides, the early stage spray cone angle for biodiesel is narrower than that for diesel, and the spray cone angle is especially higher than biodiesel by 25.8% after start of injection time of 0.01ms. Furthermore, under the same injection condition, the difference of early stage spray area between diesel and biodiesel is not obvious, while the spray volume for biodiesel is larger than that for diesel, and also the sprayvolume can be enlarged by increasing injection pressure for both fuels.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4651