bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between active brown adipose tissue and coronary artery calcification in healthy men
Authors: Nam Hyun-Yeol , Jun Sungmin 
Published: August 2017

Summary
Aim: We compared various clinical factors between persons with active brown adipose tissue (ABAT) and matched controls, and investigated the relationship between the presence of ABAT and coronary artery calcification (CAC) with respect to arterial inflammation.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed fluorine-18-labeled fluoro- 2-deoxy-D-glucose (F-18 FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) data from men who underwent general health check-ups. Sixty-seven men with ABAT were identified and were matched with controls at a 1:1 ratio. Peripheral blood samples were obtained and the levels of various laboratory parameters were measured just before FDG PET/CT studies. Arterial inflammation was measured in the ascending aorta, venous mean standardized uptake value (SUV) was collected from the superior vena cava as FDG uptake on PET, and background-corrected SUV was calculated as the target-to-background ratio (TBR) and blood- subtracted SUVmax (bsSUVmax). CAC was as-sessed using CT images acquired from a PET/ CT scanner.Results: The prevalence of fatty liver (p = 0.048) and CAC (p = 0.026) was lower in men with ABAT compared to matched controls. Arterial SUVmax (1.72 ± 0.23 vs. 1.88 ± 0.23, p < 0.001), TBR (1.18 ± 0.14 vs. 1.29 ± 0.13, p < 0.001), and bsSUVmax (0.25 ± 0.18 vs. 0.41 ± 0.16, p < 0.001) were significantly lower in men with ABAT. ABAT (odds ratio [OR] = 0.19, p=0.024) and high- density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR = 0.95, p = 0.037) were independent factors associated with CAC according to multiple logistic regression analysis.Conclusion: ABAT is associated with down-regulated arterial inflammation and may exert a protective effect against the development of atherosclerosis.
Discovery of an H i-rich Gas Reservoir in the Outskirts of SZ-effect-selected Clusters
Authors: Muzahid Sowgat , Charlton Jane , Nagai Daisuke , Schaye Joop , Srianand Raghunathan 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We report on the detection of three strong H i absorbers originating in the outskirts (i.e., impact parameter,

(1.6–4.7)r
500) of three massive (

M
⊙) clusters of galaxies at redshift

, in the Hubble Space Telescope Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (HST/COS) spectra of three background UV-bright quasars. These clusters were discovered by the 2500 deg2 South Pole Telescope Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) effect survey. All three COS spectra show a partial Lyman limit absorber with N(H i) > 1016.5 cm−2 near the photometric redshifts (

) of the clusters. The compound probability of the random occurrence of all three absorbers is <0.02%, indicating that the absorbers are most likely related to the targeted clusters. We find that the outskirts of these SZ-selected clusters are remarkably rich in cool gas compared to existing observations of other clusters in the literature. The effective Doppler parameters of the Lyman series lines, obtained using a single-cloud curve-of-growth (COG) analysis, suggest a nonthermal/turbulent velocity of a few×10 km s−1 in the absorbing gas. We emphasize the need for uniform galaxy surveys around these fields and for more UV observations of quasar–cluster pairs in general in order to improve the statistics and gain further insights into the unexplored territory of the largest collapsed cosmic structures.
Electric-current Neutralization, Magnetic Shear, and Eruptive Activity in Solar Active Regions
Authors: Liu Yang , Sun Xudong , Török Tibor , Titov Viacheslav S. , Leake James E. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The physical conditions that determine whether or not solar active regions (ARs) produce strong flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are not yet well understood. Here, we investigate the association between electric-current neutralization, magnetic shear along polarity inversion lines (PILs), and eruptive activity in four ARs: two emerging and two well-developed ones. We find that the CME-producing ARs are characterized by a strongly non-neutralized total current, while the total current in the ARs that did not produce CMEs is almost perfectly neutralized. The difference in the PIL shear between these two groups is much less pronounced, which suggests that the degree of current neutralization may serve as a better proxy for assessing the ability of ARs to produce CMEs.
L’export du nickel au cœur du débat politique néo-calédonien
Authors: Demmer Christine 
Published: August 2017

Le nickel calédonien représentait en 2014 15 % des réserves mondiales. Sa maîtrise a été d’emblée un enjeu majeur du combat indépendantiste kanak, comme symbole de l’exploitation coloniale à reconquérir et comme condition de l’autonomie économique. Or, en août 2015, un conflit de « rouleurs » (transporteurs du minerai vert) a montré la possibilité de rapprochements entre indépendantistes du FLNKS et non-indépendantistes : l’Union Calédonienne a défendu officiellement la libre exportation du nickel aux côtés des Républicains, quand les autonomistes de Calédonie Ensemble (centre droit) ont défendu son contrôle aux côtés de l’Union Nationale pour l’Indépendance et d’une frange de l’UC. Ce conflit révèle ainsi, outre des divisions internes au FLNKS, que le nickel, jusque-là vecteur de l’émancipation économique des Kanak, peut fonctionner également comme un symbole de l’émancipation du pays tout entier.
Échec des mouvements unionistes et indépendantistes à Mayotte : de leur formation à leur négation (1958-2011)
Authors: Idriss Mamaye 
Published: August 2017

De leur genèse dans les années 1950 à leur quasi disparition jusqu’à la départementalisation en 2011, les mouvements indépendantistes à Mayotte se caractérisent par leur polymorphisme. Ils s’opposent en effet à deux centralités : la métropole et l’archipel des Comores. La revendication départementaliste, dominante, a été le plus souvent associée à la volonté d’affranchissement vis-à-vis des Comores. Les mouvements indépendantistes ont quant à eux souvent promu un rapprochement avec les autres îles de l’archipel en vue d’une indépendance commune vis-à-vis de la France. Cette complexité est accentuée par le travail de répression et d’occultation des mobilisations indépendantistes qu’a mené le Mouvement populaire mahorais (MPM), parti départementaliste dominant depuis plus de soixante ans. Le destin de Mayotte montre que l’indépendantisme dans les colonies françaises se comprend non seulement dans la relation à la métropole mais aussi dans le contexte politique et social spécifique à chaque territoire.
La carrière de Simon Festu : un clerc au service de l’État monarchique sous le règne de Philippe le Bel
Authors: Provost Alain 
Published: August 2017

Au-delà des propriétés d’une trajectoire individuelle, le cas de Simon Festu, dont la carrière ecclésiastique s’est achevée sur le siège épiscopal de Meaux, qu’il a occupé de 1308 à 1317, permet d’aborder les questions relatives à la constitution du champ administratif, aux logiques de pouvoir, et aux pratiques institutionnelles dans le contexte du règne de Philippe le Bel. Simon Festu, en effet, a pris part à l’administration et au gouvernement royal, ce qui l’a conduit relativement haut dans la hiérarchie de l’entourage monarchique, sans qu’il apparaisse toutefois au premier rang. L’ascension sociale de Simon, qui appartient à la catégorie des « hommes nouveaux », répond à un schéma classique où la proximité du roi est au fondement de la faveur et de la fortune. Antérieurement à sa promotion à l’épiscopat, titulaire de ses premiers bénéfices, il exerce conjointement diverses fonctions au service du roi, d’ordre financier principalement. Conseiller de la reine Jeanne de Navarre et de son fils, le futur Louis X, il participe activement, comme exécuteur testamentaire de la reine, à la fondation du collège de Navarre. En outre, Simon s’est trouvé mêlé au procès de l’évêque Guichard de Troyes, l’une des affaires « politico-religieuses » du règne : l’antagonisme avec Guichard lui a peut-être permis de consolider sa propre position. L’analyse de la trajectoire de Simon Festu montre de manière concrète les liens qui s’établissent entre le gouvernement des hommes et le gouvernement des âmes. La caractérisation de son profil social est indissociable de la question de la composition du groupe auquel il appartient, dont la formation et la reproduction sont orientées par le service de l’État, aux structures duquel elles contribuent à donner consistance.
Dual-Specificity Phosphatase 3 Deletion Protects Female, but Not Male, Mice from Endotoxemia-Induced and Polymicrobial-Induced Septic Shock
Authors: Vandereyken Maud M. , Singh Pratibha , Wathieu Caroline P. , Jacques Sophie , Zurashvilli Tinatin , Dejager Lien , Amand Mathieu , Musumeci Lucia , Singh Maneesh , Moutschen Michel P. , Libert Claude R. F. , Rahmouni Souad 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Dual-specificity phosphatase 3 (DUSP3) is a small phosphatase with poorly known physiological functions and for which only a few substrates are known. Using knockout mice, we recently reported that DUSP3 deficiency confers resistance to endotoxin- and polymicrobial-induced septic shock. We showed that this protection was macrophage dependent. In this study, we further investigated the role of DUSP3 in sepsis tolerance and showed that the resistance is sex dependent. Using adoptive-transfer experiments and ovariectomized mice, we highlighted the role of female sex hormones in the phenotype. Indeed, in ovariectomized females and in male mice, the dominance of M2-like macrophages observed in DUSP3−/− female mice was reduced, suggesting a role for this cell subset in sepsis tolerance. At the molecular level, DUSP3 deletion was associated with estrogen-dependent decreased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt in peritoneal macrophages stimulated ex vivo by LPS. Our results demonstrate that estrogens may modulate M2-like responses during endotoxemia in a DUSP3-dependent manner.
TIM-4 Identifies IFN-γ–Expressing Proinflammatory B Effector 1 Cells That Promote Tumor and Allograft Rejection
Authors: Ding Qing , Mohib Kanishka , Kuchroo Vijay K. , Rothstein David M. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
B cells give rise to polarized subsets, including B effector 1 (Be1) cells and regulatory B cells, which can promote or inhibit immune responses through expression of IFN-γ and IL-10, respectively. Such subsets likely explain why B cell depletion can either ameliorate or exacerbate inflammatory diseases; however, these cells remain poorly understood because of the absence of specific markers. Although T cell Ig and mucin domain-containing molecule (TIM)-1 broadly identifies IL-10+ regulatory B cells, no similar markers for Be1 cells have been described. We now show that TIM-4 is expressed by a subset of B cells distinct from those expressing TIM-1. Although TIM-1+ B cells are enriched for IL-10, TIM-4+ B cells are enriched for IFN-γ. TIM-1+ B cells enhanced the growth of B16-F10 melanoma. In contrast, TIM-4+ B cells decreased B16-F10 metastasis and s.c. tumor growth, and this was IFN-γ dependent. TIM-1+ B cells prolonged islet allograft survival in B-deficient mice, whereas TIM-4+ B cells accelerated rejection in an IFN-γ–dependent manner. Moreover, TIM-4+ B cells promoted proinflammatory Th differentiation in vivo, increasing IFN-γ while decreasing IL-4, IL-10, and Foxp3 expression by CD4+ T cells—effects that are opposite from those of TIM-1+ B cells. Importantly, a monoclonal anti–TIM-4 Ab promoted allograft tolerance, and this was dependent on B cell expression of TIM-4. Anti–TIM-4 downregulated T-bet and IFN-γ expression by TIM-4+ B cells and indirectly increased IL-10 expression by TIM-1+ B cells. Thus, TIM-4+ B cells are enriched for IFN-γ–producing proinflammatory Be1 cells that enhance immune responsiveness and can be specifically targeted with anti–TIM-4.
Review: Radiation Heat Transfer Through Fire Fighter Protective Clothing
Authors: Naeem Jawad , Mazari Adnan Ahmed , Havelka Antonin 
Published: August 2017

A fire fighter garment is multilayer protective clothing with an outer shell, moisture barrier and thermal barrier, respectively. Fire fighters encounter different levels of radiant heat flux while performing their duties. This review study acknowledges the importance and performance of fire fighter protective clothing when subjected to a low level of radiation heat flux as well as the influence of air gaps and their respective position on the thermal insulation behaviour of multilayer protective clothing. Thermal insulation plays a vital role in the thermal comfort and protective performance of fire fighter protective clothing (FFPC). The main emphasis of this study was to analyse the performance of FFPC under different levels of radiant heat flux and how the exposure time of fire fighters can be enhanced before acquiring burn injuries. The preliminary portion of this study deals with the modes of heat transportation within textile fabrics, the mechanism of thermal equilibrium of the human body and the thermal protective performance of firefighter protective clothing. The middle portion is concerned with thermal insulation and prediction of the physiological load of FFPC. The last section deals with numerical models of heat transmission through firefighter protective clothing assemblies and possible utility of aerogels and Phase Change Materials (PCMs) for enhancing the thermal protective performance of FFPC.
Chondroitin Sulfate: A Critical Review of Generic and Specific Problems in Its Characterization and Determination—An Exemplar of a Material with an Unknown or Variable Composition (UVCB)
Authors: Burns Duncan Thorburn , Walker Michael John , Mussell Christopher 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
This review discusses the criteria for the selection of appropriate reference samples of chondroitin sulfate (CS) and the properties and specific problems of analytical methods for CS, namely titration with cetylpyridinium chloride; various separations; and UV-Vis, NMR, MS, and IR spectroscopies. Suggestions are put forward with regard to acceptable protocols for manufactures’ and for official/referee analysts for the analysis of CS in products.
CATALYTIC LIQUID-PHASE OXIDATION OF PHENOL IN WATER MEDIA USING CARBON FIBER/(IRON, IRON OXIDE) CATALYST
Authors: Artemyanov Andrey P. , Zemskova Larisa A. , Ivanov Vladimir V. 
Published: August 2017

Application of composite catalyst carbon fiber modified with iron/iron oxides for heterogeneous catalytic wet peroxide oxidation of phenol is considered. Aspects of catalytic degradation of hydrogen peroxide resulting in formation of active species for CWPO in the presence of heterogeneous catalysts such as activated carbon and activated carbon with the phase of metal/metal oxides are overviewed. Phenol was degraded mostly by the attack of hydroxyl radicals formed from hydrogen peroxide in presence of iron(II) ions on the catalyst surface and in the bulk solution due to iron leaching. The efficiency of application of heterogeneous catalysts carbon fiber and composite carbon fiber/(iron, iron oxide) is determined by few factors such as pH and ratio of phenol : hydrogen peroxide at initial concentration of phenol of 0.182∙10-3 mol/L. In all experimental runs other parameters were kept constant and samples of solution were being withdrawn at regular intervals of time for the analysis on UV-spectrometer. The removal efficiency of phenol (%) was calculated as ratio of the change in the phenol concentration at reaction time to initial concentration of phenol. It was shown that optimal ratio of phenol: hydrogen peroxide and value of pH exists, at which high efficiency of degradation of organic pollutant is achieved. A solution pH 4 and ratio of phenol:hydrogen peroxide 1:6 appeared as the most favorable reaction conditions for achieving 88 % removal efficiency of phenol. At these conditions composite carbon fiber/(iron, iron oxide) acting as a heterogeneous catalyst in the Fenton-like process, demonstrates the high efficiency of degradation and removing organic pollutant from the water.Forcitation:Artemyanov A.P., Zemskova L.A., Ivanov V.V. Catalytic liquid-phase oxidation of phenol in water media using carbon fiber/(iron, iron oxide) catalyst. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 8. P. 88-95.
L’AGRESSIVITÉ EXCESSIVE CHEZ LE JEUNE ENFANT : ÉTUDE DES TROUBLES CLINIQUES ET DES ATTITUDES PARENTALES
Authors: Urbain-Gauthier Nadine , Wendland Jaqueline 
Published: August 2017

L’agressivité physique excessive chez les jeunes enfants est un problème important en santé mentale, entraînant des dysfonctionnements en famille et en collectivité, voire l’exclusion sociale précoce. Les objectifs de cette étude sont de : a) spécifier les troubles cliniques chez 60 jeunes enfants, âgés de moins de 5 ans, orientés pour de l’agressivité excessive ainsi que leur profil développemental; b) cerner les caractéristiques des attitudes parentales et les articuler avec les profils développementaux des enfants. Les résultats sont discutés en termes des stratégies thérapeutiques adaptées qui peuvent être proposées pour aider ces enfants et leurs parents.
Validation and description of two new north-western Australian Rainbow skinks with multispecies coalescent methods and morphology
Authors: Afonso Silva Ana C. , Santos Natali , Ogilvie Huw A. , Moritz Craig 
Published: August 2017

While methods for genetic species delimitation have noticeably improved in the last decade, this remains a work in progress. Ideally, model based approaches should be applied and considered jointly with other lines of evidence, primarily morphology and geography, in an integrative taxonomy framework. Deep phylogeographic divergences have been reported for several species ofCarliaskinks, but only for some eastern taxa have species boundaries been formally tested. The present study does this and revises the taxonomy for two species from northern Australia,Carlia johnstoneiandC. triacantha. We introduce an approach that is based on the recently published method StarBEAST2, which uses multilocus data to explore the support for alternative species delimitation hypotheses using Bayes Factors (BFD). We apply this method, jointly with two other multispecies coalescent methods, using an extensive (from 2,163 exons) data set along with measures of 11 morphological characters. We use this integrated approach to evaluate two new candidate species previously revealed in phylogeographic analyses of rainbow skinks (genusCarlia) in Western Australia. The results based on BFD StarBEAST2, BFD* SNAPP and BPP genetic delimitation, together with morphology, support each of the four recently identifiedCarlialineages as separate species. The BFD StarBEAST2 approach yielded results highly congruent with those from BFD* SNAPP and BPP. This supports use of the robust multilocus multispecies coalescent StarBEAST2 method for species delimitation, which does not requirea prioriresolved species or gene trees. Compared to the situation inC. triacantha, morphological divergence was greater between the two lineages within Kimberley endemicC. johnstonei, which also had deeper divergent histories. This congruence supports recognition of two species withinC. johnstonei. Nevertheless, the combined evidence also supports recognition of two taxa within the more widespreadC. triacantha. With this work, we describe two new species,Carlia insularissp. nov andCarlia isostriacanthasp. nov. in the northwest of Australia. This contributes to increasing recognition that this region of tropical Australia has a rich and unique fauna.
Racionalidades na Dinâmica da Produção Pesqueira: A Percepção dos Pescadores Artesanais da Grande Florianópolis diante do Quadro de Degradação Socioambiental do Litoral Catarinense
Authors: De Oliveira Menezes Elaine Cristina , Ronconi Luciana 
Published: August 2017

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;">O processo de urbanização desordenado do litoral catarinense e a degradação ambiental vêm trazendo inúmeros malefícios à vida sustentável dos pescadores e da própria pesca artesanal, principalmente na região da Grande Florianópolis. O presente artigo pretendeu avaliar o tipo de racionalidades presentes na dinâmica da produção pesqueira e a percepção dos pescadores artesanais quanto à sustentabilidade da sua atividade na região. A pesquisa valeu-se de uma abordagem qualitativa, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 25 atores-chave. Concluiu-se que a racionalidade predominante é a do cálculo utilitário, cujas consequências são a exploração abusiva dos recursos pesqueiros e a ausência de mecanismos de gestão compartilhada e negociada desses recursos. A racionalidade substantiva, embora presente nas dinâmicas produtivas da pesca artesanal, não tem tido impacto significativo sobre a gestão dos recursos pesqueiros locais. </p>
Prefrontal bore mixing
Authors: van Haren Hans , Duineveld Gerard , de Stigter Henko 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRainbow Ridge, a 1950 m deep upthrusted ultramafic block along the axis of the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge, has an active hydrothermal vent system at 2400 m on its western slope. However, within 1 km from the vent excessive temperatures are barely measurable, probably due to strong turbulent mixing. This mixing is studied here using a 400 m long high‐resolution temperature sensor array moored with a 600 m ranging 75 kHz acoustic Doppler current profiler. Rich internal wave turbulence was recorded, characterized by 100–200 m upshoots and >200 m large overturning in particular near the end of the warming phase of the up and down moving tide. These highly nonlinear internal waves of tides interacting with buoyancy frequency waves extend up to 400 m above the sloping bottom of the ridge. While a turbulent “bottom boundary layer” could barely be defined, the more intense turbulence higher up in the water column is suggested to lead to the strong dispersion of the hydrothermal plume.
Aeromagnetic, gravity, and Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar analyses reveal the causative fault of the 3 April 2017 Mw 6.5 Moiyabana, Botswana, earthquake
Authors: Kolawole F. , Atekwana E. A. , Malloy S. , Stamps D. S. , Grandin R. , Abdelsalam M. G. , Leseane K. , Shemang E. M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOn 3 April 2017, a Mw 6.5 earthquake struck Moiyabana, Botswana, nucleating at >20 km focal depth within the Paleoproterozoic Limpopo‐Shashe orogenic belt separating the Archean Zimbabwe and Kaapvaal Cratons. We investigate the lithospheric structures associated with this earthquake using high‐resolution aeromagnetic and gravity data integrated with Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) analysis. Here we present the first results that provide insights into the tectonic framework of the earthquake. The ruptured fault trace delineated by DInSAR aligns with a distinct NW striking and NE dipping magnetic lineament within the Precambrian basement. The fault plane solution and numerical modeling indicate that the cause of the earthquake was 1.8 m displacement along a NW striking and NE dipping normal fault, rupturing at 21–24 km depth. We suggest that this seismic event was due to extensional reactivation of a crustal‐scale Precambrian thrust splay within the Limpopo‐Shashe orogenic belt.