bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered expression of four miRNA (miR‐1238‐3p, miR‐202‐3p, miR‐630 and miR‐766‐3p) and their potential targets in peripheral blood from vitiligo patients
Authors: Shang Zhiwei , Li Hongwen 
Published: May 2017

AbstractVitiligo is an acquired skin disease with pigmentary disorder. Autoimmune destruction of melanocytes is thought to be major factor in the etiology of vitiligo. miRNA‐based regulators of gene expression have been reported to play crucial roles in autoimmune disease. Therefore, we attempt to profile the miRNA expressions and predict their potential targets, assessing the biological functions of differentially expressed miRNA. Total RNA was extracted from peripheral blood of vitiligo (experimental group, n = 5) and non‐vitiligo (control group, n = 5) age‐matched patients. Samples were hybridized to a miRNA array. Box, scatter and principal component analysis plots were performed, followed by unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis to classify the samples. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) was conducted for validation of microarray data. Three different databases, TargetScan, PITA and microRNA.org, were used to predict the potential target genes. Gene ontology (GO) annotation and pathway analysis were performed to assess the potential functions of predicted genes of identified miRNA. A total of 100 (29 upregulated and 71 downregulated) miRNA were filtered by volcano plot analysis. Four miRNA were validated by quantitative RT–PCR as significantly downregulated in the vitiligo group. The functions of predicted target genes associated with differentially expressed miRNA were assessed by GO analysis, showing that the GO term with most significantly enriched target genes was axon guidance, and that the axon guidance pathway was most significantly correlated with these miRNA. In conclusion, we identified four downregulated miRNA in vitiligo and assessed the potential functions of target genes related to these differentially expressed miRNA.
Higher viral load and genetic diversity of HIV‐1 in seminal compartments than in blood of seven Chinese men who have sex with men and have early HIV‐1 infection
Authors: Jiao Yan‐Mei , Chen Guang‐Lei , Zhu Wei‐Jun , Huang Hui‐huang , Fu Jun‐liang , Chen Wei‐wei , Shi Ming , Zhang Tong , Wu Hao , Wang Fu‐Sheng 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTTo date, there have been no reports characterizing HIV‐1 in the semen of Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM) with early infection. In this study, genetic diversity and viral load of HIV‐1 in the seminal compartments and blood of Chinese MSM with early HIV‐1 infection were examined. Viral load and genetic diversity of HIV‐1 in paired samples of semen and blood were analyzed in seven MSM with early HIV‐1 infection. HIV‐1 RNA and DNA were quantitated by real‐time PCR assays. Through sequencing the C2‐V5 region of the HIV‐1 env gene, the HIV‐1 genotype and genetic diversity based on V3 loop amino acid sequences were determined by using Geno2pheno and PSSM programs co‐receptor usage. It was found that there was more HIV‐1 RNA in seminal plasma than in blood plasma and total, and more 2‐LTR circular and integrated HIV‐1 DNA in seminal cells than in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from all seven patients with early HIV‐infection. There was also greater HIV‐1 genetic diversity in seminal than in blood compartments. HIV‐1 in plasma displayed higher genetic diversity than in cells from the blood and semen. In addition, V3 loop central motifs, which present some key neutralizing antibody epitopes, varied between blood and semen. Thus, virological characteristics in semen may be more representative when evaluating risk of transmission in persons with early HIV infection.
Bordetella effector BopN is translocated into host cells via its N‐terminal residues
Authors: Abe Akio , Nishimura Ryutaro , Kuwae Asaomi 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTBordetella bronchiseptica infects a wide variety of mammals, and the type III secretion system (T3SS) is involved in long‐term colonization by Bordetella in the trachea and lung. T3SS translocates virulence factors (commonly referred to as effectors) into host cells, leading to alterations in the host's physiological function. The Bordetella effectors BopN and BteA are known to have roles in up‐regulation of IL‐10 and cytotoxicity, respectively. Nevertheless, the mechanism by which BopN is translocated into host cells has not been examined in sufficient detail. Therefore, to determine the precise mechanisms of the BopN translocation into host cells, we built truncated derivatives of BopN and evaluated the derivatives’ ability to translocation into host cells by adenylate cyclase‐mediated translocation assay. It was found that N‐terminal amino acid (aa) residues 1–200 of BopN are sufficient for its translocation into host cells. Interestingly, BopN translocation was completely blocked by deletion of the N‐terminal aa residues 6–50, indicating that the N‐terminal region is critical for BopN translocation. Furthermore, BopN appears to play an auxiliary role in BteA‐mediated cytotoxicity. Thus, BopN can apparently translocate into host cells and may facilitate activity of BteA.
Association Between Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia and Hospital Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients With Bloodstream Infection: A Multicenter Cohort From Japanese Tertiary Care Centers
Authors: Imaizumi Takahiro , Hasegawa Takeshi , Nomura Atsushi , Sasaki Sho , Nishiwaki Hiroki , Ozeki Takaya , Shimizu Hideaki , Minatoguchi Shun , Yamakawa Taishi , Yazawa Masahiko , Uchida Daisuke , Kawarazaki Hiroo , Miyamoto Masahito , Suzuki Tomo , Koitabashi Ken'ichiro , Furusho Masahide , Fujita Yoshiro 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMultiple studies have shown that Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) has been a major cause of death in hemodialysis patients. We examined whether SAB is a risk for mortality among chronic hemodialysis patients in Japan where the standard vascular access is arteriovenous fistula (AVF). This was a multicenter, retrospective study of maintenance hemodialysis patients with bloodstream infection (BSI) from 2011 to 2013 at tertiary care centers in Japan. The endpoint was hospital mortality. Our cohort contained 32 SAB cases (14 MRSA and 18 MSSA) and 42 non‐SAB cases. Hospital mortality was higher among SAB cases than non‐SAB cases (46.9% vs. 23.8%, P = 0.038). In patients with BSI, SAB was significantly associated with hospital mortality after adjustment for potential confounders, including type of vascular access (OR 3.26). S. aureus was the leading cause of BSI and hospital mortality among this cohort. Therefore, initial empiric treatment should cover for S. aureus.
Response of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) to extreme heat and dryness
Authors: Eben Astrid , Reifenrath Maria , Briem Felix , Pink Sebastian , Vogt Heidrun 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera) is a polyphagous herbivore native to East Asia that develops in cultivated and wild fruits. In 2011, it appeared in Germany. In 2012, economic damage was recorded and, in 2014, the harvest of stone and soft fruits was lost in some regions. By contrast, during 2015, populations remained lower. Record temperatures and dryness might have impeded population growth during that year.
To test this hypothesis, flies were exposed to a 4‐day simulation. We evaluated the effect of fluctuating temperature and humidity on mortality and reproduction of D. suzukii from three age classes (average age: class 1: 3 days; class 2: 11 days; class 3: 20 days). Maximum temperatures were 27, 33 and 39 °C. Relative humidity oscillated between 18% and 85%.
Fly mortality through heat stress ranged from 50% to 80%. Higher rates died of oldest flies and females. Offspring per female did not differ between heat stressed and control groups.
Flies of both sexes were not sterilized through heat and dryness. Prior acclimation reduced any negative effects.
We concluded that heat waves and extreme dryness during 2015 were one cause of the low population densities of D. suzukii observed under field conditions.
Telomere length and fetal programming: A review of recent scientific advances
Authors: Whiteman Valerie E. , Goswami Anjali , Salihu Hamisu M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe sought to synthesize a comprehensive literature review comprising recent research linking fetal programming to fetal telomere length. We also explored the potential effects fetal telomere length shortening has on fetal phenotypes. Utilizing the PubMed database as our primary search engine, we retrieved and reviewed 165 articles of published research. The inclusion criteria limited the articles to those that appeared within the last ten years, were pertinent to humans, and without restriction to language of publication. Our results showed that socio‐demographic factors like age, sex, genetic inheritance, and acquired disease impact telomere length. Further, we found several maternal characteristics to be associated with fetal telomere length shortening, and these include maternal chemical exposure (eg, tobacco smoke), maternal stress during pregnancy, maternal nutritional and sleeping disorders during pregnancy as well as maternal disease status. Due to paucity of data, our review could not synthesize evidence directly linking fetal phenotypes to telomere length shortening. Although the research summarized in this review shows some association between determinants of intrauterine programming and fetal telomere length, there is still significant work that needs to be done to delineate the direct relationship of telomere attrition with specific fetal phenotypes.
Analysis of National Pharmacovigilance Data Associated with Statin Use in Korea
Authors: Kim Hyunah , Kim Namhyo , Lee Da Hee , Kim Hun‐Sung 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate clinical manifestations, age distribution and risk factors of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of statins. Korean Adverse Event Reporting System (KAERS) database records (July 2009–June 2014) on statin‐treated adults were used. ADRs classified as ‘certain’, ‘probable’ and ‘possible’ based on the WHO‐Uppsala Monitoring Centre criteria were analysed. The frequency of ADRs was compared between adults (18–64 years) and older people (age ≥65 years) groups. In total, 2161 ADRs from 1690 patients (579, 34.3% older people) were included for analysis. Mean patient age and ADRs per patient were 60.46 ± 12.72 years and 1.28, respectively. ADRs were reported with atorvastatin (48.4%), rosuvastatin (23.0%), pitavastatin (10.4%) and simvastatin (9.1%). The frequent ADRs were gastrointestinal (421 events, 19.5%), musculoskeletal (331, 15.3%), skin (312, 14.4%) and hepatobiliary disorders (286, 13.2%). Skin disorders were significantly more frequent in adults compared to those in older patients (16.3% versus 12.4%, p = 0.021). Common clinical symptoms were myalgia (263 events, 12.2%), dyspepsia (133, 6.2%) and pruritus (103, 4.8%). Myalgia was more frequently reported in adults (12.7% versus 9.5%, p = 0.039) and dizziness was more frequent in older people (3.4% versus 5.8%, p = 0.015). According to KAERS data, leading statin ADRs were gastrointestinal and musculoskeletal disorders. Myalgia and dyspepsia were the common clinical symptoms.
Spatial Bayesian Latent Factor Regression Modeling of Coordinate-based Meta-analysis Data
Authors: Montagna Silvia , Wager Tor , Barrett Lisa Feldman , Johnson Timothy D. , Nichols Thomas E. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryNow over 20 years old, functional MRI (fMRI) has a large and growing literature that is best synthesised with meta-analytic tools. As most authors do not share image data, only the peak activation coordinates (foci) reported in the article are available for Coordinate-Based Meta-Analysis (CBMA). Neuroimaging meta-analysis is used to (i) identify areas of consistent activation; and (ii) build a predictive model of task type or cognitive process for new studies (reverse inference). To simultaneously address these aims, we propose a Bayesian point process hierarchical model for CBMA. We model the foci from each study as a doubly stochastic Poisson process, where the study-specific log intensity function is characterized as a linear combination of a high-dimensional basis set. A sparse representation of the intensities is guaranteed through latent factor modeling of the basis coefficients. Within our framework, it is also possible to account for the effect of study-level covariates (meta-regression), significantly expanding the capabilities of the current neuroimaging meta-analysis methods available. We apply our methodology to synthetic data and neuroimaging meta-analysis datasets.
Stimulation of autophagy prevents intestinal mucosal inflammation and ameliorates murine colitis
Authors: Macias‐Ceja Dulce C , Cosín‐Roger Jesús , Ortiz‐Masiá Dolores , Salvador Pedro , Hernández Carlos , Esplugues Juan V , Calatayud Sara , Barrachina María D 
Published: May 2017

Background and PurposeDefective autophagy contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease and there are interactions between autophagy and inflammation. Here we have analysed the effects of autophagy stimulators on murine colitis.Experimental ApproachMice were treated with intrarectal administration of 2,4,6‐trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) (3.5 mg·20 g−1) and body weight was measured daily. Histological damage was scored 2 or 4 days after treatment. Some mice received trehalose (3% in drinking water 3 weeks before TNBS administration) or a daily administration of rapamycin (1.25 mg·kg−1, i.p.), betanin (1 g·kg−1, i.p.) or betanin + 3‐methyladenine (3MA) (10 mg·kg−1, i.p.). Protein levels of p‐mTOR, p62, LC3, BCL10, NFκB, IκBα and p‐IκBα in mucosa were determined by Western blots and mRNA expression of TNFα, IL1β, IL6, IL10, COX2, CCR7, CD11c, inducible NOS and CD86 by qRT‐PCR.Key ResultsImpaired autophagy associated with body weight loss and intestinal damage was detected in the mucosa of TNBS‐treated mice. Administration of trehalose, rapamycin or betanin prevented the impaired autophagic flux induced by TNBS and decreased mucosal protein levels of BCL10, p‐IκBα and NFκB‐p65 and the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and M1 macrophage markers. Blockade of autophagosome formation by treatment with 3MA, prevented the reduction in protein levels of p62, BCL10, p‐IκBα and NFκB‐p65 induced by betanin in TNBS‐treated mice and weakened the protective effects of betanin on murine colitis.Conclusions and ImplicationsPharmacological stimulation of mucosal autophagy reduced intestinal inflammation and improved murine colitis.
Changing minds: Children's inferences about third party belief revision
Authors: Magid Rachel W. , Yan Phyllis , Siegel Max H. , Tenenbaum Joshua B. , Schulz Laura E. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBy the age of 5, children explicitly represent that agents can have both true and false beliefs based on epistemic access to information (e.g., Wellman, Cross, & Watson, 2001). Children also begin to understand that agents can view identical evidence and draw different inferences from it (e.g., Carpendale & Chandler, 1996). However, much less is known about when, and under what conditions, children expect other agents to change their minds. Here, inspired by formal ideal observer models of learning, we investigate children's expectations of the dynamics that underlie third parties’ belief revision. We introduce an agent who has prior beliefs about the location of a population of toys and then observes evidence that, from an ideal observer perspective, either does, or does not justify revising those beliefs. We show that children's inferences on behalf of third parties are consistent with the ideal observer perspective, but not with a number of alternative possibilities, including that children expect other agents to be influenced only by their prior beliefs, only by the sampling process, or only by the observed data. Rather, children integrate all three factors in determining how and when agents will update their beliefs from evidence.
BGG492 as an adjunctive treatment in patients with partial‐onset seizures: A 12‐week, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, phase II dose‐titration study with an open‐label extension
Authors: Elger Christian E. , Hong Seung Bong , Brandt Christian , Mancione Linda , Han Jackie , Strohmaier Christine 
Published: May 2017

SummaryObjectivesTo evaluate dose–response relationship of BGG492 as add‐on therapy to 1–3 antiepileptic drugs in patients with partial‐onset seizures and to investigate safety and tolerability of BGG492.MethodsThis was a 12‐week, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, phase II dose‐titration study (core study) with a 30‐week, flexible‐dose, open‐label extension. In the core study, patients were randomized (1:2) to placebo or BGG492 100 mg t.i.d. in cohort 1, and in cohort 2 patients were randomized (1:4) to placebo or BGG492 150 mg t.i.d. On completion of the core study, eligible patients entered the extension study. Primary outcome measures were total partial seizure frequency per 28 days (core study) and safety and tolerability (extension study).ResultsOverall, 93 patients were randomized (150 mg [n = 44]; 100 mg [n = 24]; placebo [n = 25]), and 81 (87.1%) completed the core study. Fifty‐one patients entered and 43 (84.3%) completed the extension study. In the core study, no statistically significant dose–response trend among the BGG492 treatment groups (100 and 150 mg) was observed at the 4‐week double‐blind maintenance period (weeks 7–10); however, there was higher percent reduction in total partial seizure frequency in the BGG492 150 mg over placebo groups (37.32%; 95% confidence interval [CI] −18.90, 66.95). Dizziness, somnolence, and fatigue were the most common adverse events (AEs), higher in the BGG492 150 mg group than in the 100 mg and placebo groups (dizziness: 14 [31.8%] vs. 3 [12.5%] and 1 [4.0%]; somnolence: 7 [15.9%] vs. 1 [4.2%] and 1 [4.0%]; fatigue: 5 [11.4%] vs. 1 [4.2%] and 1 [4.0%]). During the open‐label extension study, 39 (76.5%) patients on BGG492 had AEs, and the most commonly experienced AEs were dizziness (14 [27.5%]) and somnolence (9 [17.6%]).SignificanceThere was no significant dose–response trend in the BGG492 treatment groups (100 and 150 mg); however, higher percent reduction over placebo was observed in the BGG492 150 mg group. Safety and tolerability data were consistent with the known safety profile for BGG492, and no new safety risks were identified.
Inhibition of mast cell infiltration in an LL‐37‐induced rosacea mouse model using topical brimonidine tartrate 0.33% gel
Authors: Kim Miri , Kim Jongsic , Jeong Seo‐won , Jo Hyunmu , Woo Yu Ri , Park Hyun Jeong 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBrimonidine is a highly selective α2‐adrenergic receptor agonist approved by the FDA for the treatment of rosacea. Rosacea is a major clinical disease with vasodilatation and rash on the centre of the face, and that brimonidine as a vasoconstrictor can act as a remedy for rosacea. However, there is no study of how brimonidine has an effect on rosacea‐related immune cells or mechanisms in the skin to improve rosacea. In this study, we observed that clinical features of rosacea induced by LL‐37 in Balb/c mice were improved after the application of brimonidine gel, and we also showed a marked decrease in the number of inflammatory cells, especially mast cells (MCs) histologically. Furthermore, we confirmed that mRNA levels of MC enzymes increased by LL‐37 were reduced by brimonidine gel. To our knowledge, we first found that brimonidine has a mechanism of treating rosacea by reducing the number and mRNA levels of MC‐specific enzymes, an important immune cell in the pathogenesis of rosacea.
Large solitary oaks as keystone structures for saproxylic beetles in European agricultural landscapes
Authors: Parmain Guillem , Bouget Christophe 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Trees outside forests (TOFs) are declining in agricultural landscapes worldwide. Although they provide valuable habitats for saproxylic species, their relative contribution to saproxylic biodiversity with respect to forests is poorly known. Our aim was to investigate the conservation value of oak TOFs for saproxylic beetles in European agricultural landscapes.

In our design, plots pairing forest trees and TOFs were sampled in sites nested in two French regions. We studied local habitat conditions (deadwood, tree‐related microhabitats, openness) and saproxylic beetle assemblages. We measured significant environmental contrasts between forest trees and TOFs, and found that the latter hosted higher microhabitat density and diversity.

Species assemblages were strongly dissimilar between TOFs and forest trees. Even though α‐diversity and abundance were not significantly different in the two contexts, the between‐tree β‐diversity and the γ‐diversity of both all and rare species were higher outside than inside forests.

Furthermore, the potential key drivers of saproxylic beetle diversity were not consistent between forest trees and TOFs. Tree cavity was the only elementary microhabitat whose density significantly affected biodiversity metrics both inside and outside forests. Many more effects on beetle assemblages originating from surrounding conditions were observed in TOFs than in forest trees. We also confirmed that saproxylic beetle diversity is significantly associated to canopy openness.

Consistent with our results, environmentally friendly forestry practices should include the retention of sun‐exposed microhabitat‐bearing trees at final harvesting. In addition, environmental policies should favour TOFs as well as oak savanna‐like woodlands which are seriously threatened worldwide.
The clinical spectrum of xanthomatous lesions of the eyelids
Authors: Baykal Can , Polat Ekinci Algun , Yazganoglu Kurtulus D. , Buyukbabani Nesimi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractYellowish papules, nodules, or plaques, namely “xanthomatous” lesions, may be seen on the eyelids in the course of various disorders. The prototype is “xanthelasma palpebrarum” (XP) that is localized only to the eyelids and may be associated with hyperlipidemia. On the other hand, different types of normolipemic disorders may also cause xanthomatous eyelid lesions. Among these, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, diffuse normolipemic xanthoma, and non‐Langerhans cell histiocytoses (papular xanthoma, juvenile xanthogranuloma, xanthoma disseminatum, adult‐onset xanthogranuloma, adult‐onset asthma and periocular xanthogranuloma, necrobiotic xanthogranuloma, Erdheim‐Chester disease, Rosai‐Dorfman disease, and reticulohistiocytosis) can be listed. The eyelid findings of this heterogeneous group of disorders are challenging to differentiate from each other due to common clinical aspects that may even sometimes mimic XP. Nodularity, induration, ulceration, diffuse eyelid involvement, and extension from eyelids to the neighboring skin may represent the clinical features of xanthomatous lesions other than XP. It is necessary to obtain a thorough history and exclude XP and then perform detailed dermatological and systemic examination, biopsy for histopathologic confirmation, and appropriate specific imaging screens. As some of the conditions may be associated with other systemic disorders, especially malignancies, the differentiation of xanthomatous eyelid lesions has a critical importance, and clinical signs can be guiding.