bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contradictory hydrological impacts of afforestation in the humid tropics
evidenced by long-term field monitoring and simulation modelling
Authors: Lacombe Guillaume , Ribolzi Olivier , de Rouw Anneke , Pierret Alain , Latsachak Keoudone , Silvera Norbert , Pham Dinh Rinh , Orange Didier , Janeau Jean-Louis , Soulileuth Bounsamai , Robain Henri , Taccoen Adrien , Sengphaathith Phouthamaly , Mouche Emmanuel , Sengtaheuanghoung Oloth , Tran Duc Toan , Valentin Christian 
Published: July 2016

Abstract. The humid tropics are exposed to an unprecedented modernisation of agriculture involving rapid and mixed land-use changes with contrasted environmental impacts. Afforestation is often mentioned as an unambiguous solution for restoring ecosystem services and enhancing biodiversity. One consequence of afforestation is the alteration of streamflow variability which controls habitats, water resources, and flood risks. We demonstrate that afforestation by tree planting or by natural forest regeneration can induce opposite hydrological changes. An observatory including long-term field measurements of fine-scale land-use mosaics and of hydrometeorological variables has been operating in several headwater catchments in tropical southeast Asia since 2000. The GR2M water balance model, repeatedly calibrated over successive 1-year periods and used in simulation mode with the same year of rainfall input, allowed the hydrological effect of land-use change to be isolated from that of rainfall variability in two of these catchments in Laos and Vietnam. Visual inspection of hydrographs, correlation analyses, and trend detection tests allowed causality between land-use changes and changes in seasonal streamflow to be ascertained. In Laos, the combination of shifting cultivation system (alternation of rice and fallow) and the gradual increase of teak tree plantations replacing fallow led to intricate streamflow patterns: pluri-annual streamflow cycles induced by the shifting system, on top of a gradual streamflow increase over years caused by the spread of the plantations. In Vietnam, the abandonment of continuously cropped areas combined with patches of mix-trees plantations led to the natural re-growth of forest communities followed by a gradual drop in streamflow. Soil infiltrability controlled by surface crusting is the predominant process explaining why two modes of afforestation (natural regeneration vs. planting) led to opposite changes in streamflow regime. Given that commercial tree plantations will continue to expand in the humid tropics, careful consideration is needed before attributing to them positive effects on water and soil conservation.
Two years with extreme and little snowfall: effects on energy partitioning and surface energy exchange in a high-Arctic tundra ecosystem
Authors: Stiegler Christian , Lund Magnus , Christensen Torben Røjle , Mastepanov Mikhail , Lindroth Anders 
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Snow cover is one of the key factors controlling Arctic ecosystem functioning and productivity. In this study we assess the impact of strong variability in snow accumulation during 2 subsequent years (2013–2014) on the land–atmosphere interactions and surface energy exchange in two high-Arctic tundra ecosystems (wet fen and dry heath) in Zackenberg, Northeast Greenland. We observed that record-low snow cover during the winter 2012/2013 resulted in a strong response of the heath ecosystem towards low evaporative capacity and substantial surface heat loss by sensible heat fluxes (H) during the subsequent snowmelt period and growing season. Above-average snow accumulation during the winter 2013/2014 promoted summertime ground heat fluxes (G) and latent heat fluxes (LE) at the cost of H. At the fen ecosystem a more muted response of LE, H and G was observed in response to the variability in snow accumulation. Overall, the differences in flux partitioning and in the length of the snowmelt periods and growing seasons during the 2 years had a strong impact on the total accumulation of the surface energy balance components. We suggest that in a changing climate with higher temperature and more precipitation the surface energy balance of this high-Arctic tundra ecosystem may experience a further increase in the variability of energy accumulation, partitioning and redistribution.
Spiller kostholdet en rolle i utviklingen av type 1 diabetes?
Authors: Stene Lars Christian , Joner Geir 
Published: July 2016

SAMMENDRAGMålsetningen med denne artikkelen er å diskutere litteraturen om kosthold og risiko for utvikling avtype 1 diabetes mellitus, med vekt på epidemiologiske studier. Vi vil også presentere litt om forskningsaktivitetenpå dette området i Norge. Vi har et godt teoretisk grunnlag for å anta at kostholdsfaktorerkan være involvert i etiologien til type 1 diabetes, og en rekke studier har bidratt med holdepunkter forat en sammenheng eksisterer. Det er flest studier på amming og avvenningskost, men også andre spesifikkekomponenter i kostholdet har vært implisert, for eksempel planteproteiner, nitrat i drikkevann ogenkelte vitaminer. Det er foreløpig amming og kumelk som ser ut til å være de mest lovende faktorermed tanke på muligheten for å kunne forebygge type 1 diabetes, men det er etter vårt syn foreløpig ikkegrunnlag for å gå ut med anbefalinger om kostholdsendringer.Stene LC, Joner G. Does diet play a role in type 1 diabetes? Nor J Epidemiol 2000; 10 (1): 71-78. ENGLISH SUMMARYThe aim of this article is to discuss the literature on diet and the risk of developing type 1 diabetesmellitus, with emphasis on epidemiologic studies. We will also briefly present some of the researchactivity in this field in Norway. We have a good theoretical foundation for assuming that dietary factorsmay play a role in the etiology of type 1 diabetes, and several studies have provided evidence that arelationship exists. Most of these studies are on infant feeding practices, but other specific factors, suchas plant proteins, nitrate and vitamins have also been implicated. Breast-feeding and cow’s milk are themost promising factors to date, but there is in our view still not sufficient evidence to recommendmodification of feeding practices in order to prevent type 1 diabetes.
Kroppsmasseindeks og vektutvikling: Hvilke forskjeller er det mellom kjønnene?
Authors: Graff-Iversen Sidsel , Øien Henriette 
Published: July 2016

SAMMENDRAGDet er klare forskjeller mellom kvinner og menn når det gjelder gjennomsnittlig kroppsmasseindeks(KMI), forekomsten av fedme og undervekt og endring av dette med økende alder. Før 50-60 års alderer gjennomsnittlig KMI lavere hos kvinner enn hos menn og en lavere andel kvinner enn menn har KMI30 kg/m 2 eller mer (fedme), mens det i høyere alder er omvendt. I alle aldersgrupper er undervekt, slankingog ønske om vektreduksjon mer vanlig blant kvinner enn blant menn. Hos menn stiger gjennomsnittligKMI fram til 50 års alder, men blant kvinnene er det vist stigning helt fram til 60-70 års alder.Hvorfor er kjønnene ulike når det gjelder under- og overvekt? Selektiv tilvekst og tap av andre vev ennfett – styrt blant annet av kjønnshormoner – forklarer trolig en del. Men både norske data og internasjonaledata viser at gjennomsnittlig KMI og andelen som har fedme synker med økende utdanning. Detteer mest uttalt blant kvinner. Holder de ”flinke damene” seg slanke fordi de vet at en tynn kropp er særligviktig nettopp for dem, når det gjelder å være godt ansett og attraktiv i samfunnets høyere lag?Vektutviklingen var ulik for voksne kvinner og menn i en lang periode i dette århundre. Blant voksnemenn har gjennomsnittlig KMI steget jevnt fra 1960-årene fram til i dag. Hos kvinner lå vekten høyt i1960-årene, men avtok fram til 1975 for så å øke fra omkring 1980. Blant ungdom av begge kjønnfinner vi, i de data som foreligger, at gjennomsnittsvekten steg etter krigen, flatet ut i 1950 og gikk nedfra 1960 til 1975, for senere å stige. Hvilke forhold i etterkrigstiden har påvirket kjønnene spesifikt blantvoksne, men mer likt blant ungdom? Som mulige årsaker drøftes de ulike trendene for kvinner og mennnår det gjelder røyking og overgangen fra tungt til lettere fysisk arbeid.
Kartlegging av kreftrisiko og årsakspesifikk dødelighet blant ansatte i norsk offshorevirksomhet
Authors: Strand Leif Åge 
Published: July 2016

ENGLISH SUMMARYStrand LÅ. Cancer risk and cause-specific mortality among workers in the Norwegian offshoreoil industry. Nor J Epidemiol 2001; 11 (2): 137-142.The Cancer Registry of Norway has, in collaboration with the Norwegian oil industry association, started aproject investigating cancer risk and cause-specific mortality among workers in the Norwegian offshore oilindustry. The project started in 1996 by identifying the 61,300 present and former workers on the platformson the Norwegian continental shelf. The main contributors to the crew lists were oil companies, contractingcompanies, labour unions, safety training schools, and the national archives of Norway. In 1998 a selfadministeredquestionnaire was distributed by mail to the 57,000 workers alive and living in Norway. Thequestionnaire included questions on offshore job history, other occupations, leisure activities, and life-stylefactors such as smoking, alcohol consumption and nutrition.The study design of the project is a prospective cohort study, where cancer incidence and mortalityamong the exposed (the offshore workers) will be compared with the non-exposed (the general population).Factors known to cause cancer and other diseases in other industries are probably present in the offshorework environment. The offshore workers may also be exposed to harmful agents more or less specific forthe work on the platforms, such as crude oil, gas, and drilling mud. Intense work periods and long leaveperiods, a diet rich in fat and calories, cheap tobacco, a ban on alcohol consumption on the platform, andworry about helicopter flights and platform safety are also factors that may influence the workers' health.The overall response rate was 62%. The collected material will constitute a basis for research in thecoming decades. With regular intervals the cohort will be linked to the cancer database in the CancerRegistry and the Cause of Death Registry at Statistics Norway.Because they are a highly selected group, the offshore workers as a whole will probably be as healthy asthe general population, yet excesses in cancer incidence and certain causes of death among the most exposedworkers (i.e., maintenance workers, drilling personnel, welders, painters and cleaners) are expected.
Rectumcancerregisteret gir kvalitetsforbedring i kreftbehandlingen
Authors: Wibe Arne , Svensson Elisabeth , Bjerkeset Tormod , Carlsen Erik , Langmark Frøydis , Norstein Jarle , Wiig Johan N. , Søreide Odd 
Published: July 2016

SAMMENDRAGResultatene etter operasjon for kreft i endetarmen har vært preget av høy frekvens av lokalt residiv og deravlav overlevelse. Resultater blant kurativt opererte i Norge i perioden 1986-88 viste at 28% utviklet lokaltresidiv og bare 55% overlevde fem år. For å bedre prognosen ved endetarmskreft (rectumcancer) ble det i1993 startet et nasjonalt prosjekt, og hensikten med denne studien er å evaluere effekten av de tiltak som bleiverksatt for å heve kvaliteten av behandlingen. Prosjektet har fokusert på å optimalisere kirurgisk behandlingved å innføre operasjonsmetoden ”Total Mesorectal Excision” (TME). I tillegg har en lagt vekt på åstandardisere de patologisk anatomiske undersøkelsene. En rekke kurs er blitt arrangert for å lære kirurgeneden nye operasjonsteknikken, mens patologer har gjennomgått kurs for å sikre kvaliteten i vurderingen avoperasjonspreparatene. Et nasjonalt register for endetarmskreft, etablert og drevet av fagmiljøene, ble opprettetved Kreftregisteret. Fra dette sentrale Rectumcancerregisteret får alle kirurgiske avdelinger regelmessigetilbakemeldinger om sine egne resultater. Fra november 1993 til desember 1999 ble det diagnostisert5382 nye tilfeller av endetarmskreft i Norge. Blant de 3432 (64%) som ble kurativt operert var det 8% somutviklet lokalt residiv etter en median observasjonstid på 31 måneder, og av de under 75 år var den estimerte5-års overlevelsen 71%. I 1999 ble mer enn 95% av pasientene operert med TME teknikken. Det nasjonalesamarbeidsprosjektet for kreft i endetarmen har hittil redusert frekvensen av lokale residiver fra 28% til 8%og øket 5-års overlevelsen fra 55% til 71%. Spesialutdanning av kirurger og patologer, og etablering avRectumcancerregisteret har vært viktige kvalitetsforbedrende tiltak i norsk kreftbehandling.Wibe A, Svensson E, Bjerkeset T, Carlsen E, Langmark F, Norstein J, Wiig JN, Søreide O,on behalf of Norsk Rectum Cancer Gruppe. The Norwegian Rectal Cancer Registry entailsquality improvement in cancer treatment. Nor J Epidemiol 2001; 11 (2): 159-163. ENGLISH SUMMARYThe outcome following rectal cancer surgery has been characterised by high local recurrence rates and lowsurvival. In a Norwegian national audit, 28% of the patients developed local recurrence, and the 5-yearsurvival was 55% (patients
Lungekreft blant norske nikkelverksarbeidere: Nytt lys på en klassisk studie
Authors: Grimsrud Tom Kristian 
Published: July 2016

SAMMENDRAGI 1973 ble det påvist økt risiko for lunge- og nese-/bihulekreft blant norske nikkelverksarbeidere i en epidemiologiskundersøkelse fra Kreftregisteret. Analysene var basert på 48 lungekrefttilfeller, og man fant atrisikoen var høyest i den gruppen som hadde lengst ansettelse i roste-, smelte- og elektrolyseavdelingene.Tilsvarende funn var tidligere gjort blant nikkelarbeidere i andre land, og undersøkelsen vakte oppsikt fordiforhøyet risiko også ble funnet blant ansatte i elektrolysen. Senere analyser med spesifikke eksponeringsdatahar vist at kreftfaren er nært knyttet til eksponering for vannløselige nikkelformer. Nye data er nå blitt samletinn i forbindelse med en pasient-kontroll-undersøkelse basert på 213 tilfeller av lungekreft og 525 kontrollpersoner.På bakgrunn av opplysningene er relativ risiko regnet ut ved hjelp av regresjonsmodeller derfølgende faktorer var inkludert: total varighet av ansettelse ved bedriften, eller varighet av ansettelse i ulikeavdelinger, tidspunkt for førsteansettelse og røykevaner. Resultatene fra pasient-kontroll-analysen bekreftetfunnene fra 1973 når disse ble regnet om til relativ risiko, og tydet på at konklusjonene fra den gang varvalide selv om analysene var basert på færre arbeidstakere, kortere observasjonstid, en forenklet inndelingav arbeidstakerene i henhold til deres avdelingshistorikk, og manglende opplysninger om røykevanene.Grimsrud TK. Lung cancer among Norwegian nickel-refinery workers: Reappraisial ofa classical study. Nor J Epidemiol 2001; 11 (2): 171-176. ENGLISH SUMMARYIn 1973, increased risk of cancer of the lung and nasal cavities was demonstrated among Norwegian nickelworkers in a study from The Cancer Registry of Norway (Kreftregisteret). The analyses were based on 48cases of lung cancer and the highest risk was found in workers with the longest employment in the electrolysis,roasting, and smelting departments. The study gave supportive evidence to epidemiological findingsfrom other countries and was the first to identify an elevated risk in electrolysis workers. Evaluations basedon specific exposure information have indicated a clear carcinogenic effect from water-soluble nickel compounds.New information has been collected for a case-control study including 213 cases of lung cancer and525 controls. Regression models were used to estimate the effect of the following variables: duration ofemployment at the refinery as a whole, or in three different department groups (electrolysis, roasting andsmelting, and maintenance), time of first employment at the refinery, and smoking. The results from thecase-control analyses were in agreement with most of the relative rates derived from the 1973 paper, andindicated that the conclusions in the oldest study were valid despite a much lower number of study subjects,a shorter follow-up, a simple categorisation of employees according to work history, and an absence of dataon smoking habits.
Kreftrisiko blant norske papir- og cellulosearbeidere
Authors: Langseth Hilde 
Published: July 2016

ENGLISH SUMMARYLangseth H. Cancer risk in Norwegian pulp and paper workers. Nor J Epidemiol 2001; 11 (2): 187-192.Results from a historical prospective cohort study on Norwegian pulp and paper workers showed a significantincrease in risk of lung cancer, pleural mesothelioma, colon cancer and malignant melanomas amongmen, compared to the Norwegian population. The risk of lung cancer was highest among sulphite millworkers. The risk of pleural mesothelioma was highest among maintenance workers with asbestos exposure.Most of the increased risk in lung cancer can be explained by a combination of smoking habits andasbestos use, although an effect of other work-related exposures (sulfur and chloride compounds, wooddust) cannot be excluded. Among the female part of the cohort we found a significant excess in risk ofovarian cancer. The risk was highest among those younger than 55 years, and mostly among those workingin paper departments. Relatively little is known about the causes of ovarian cancer, but it is howeverknown that 5-7% can be explained by hereditary factors. Furthermore, fertility pattern plays a role.Asbestos and talc, which both have been used in the pulp and paper industry, are occupational and environmentalagents, discussed as possible carcinogens for ovarian cancer.
Agreement and the structure of relative clauses
Authors: Arsenijević Boban , Gračanin-Yuksek Martina 
Published: July 2016

The paper proposes an account of asymmetries in agreement patterns that obtain in restrictive and non-restrictive relative clauses headed by hybrid agreement nouns d(j)eca ‘children’, braća ‘brothers’, and gospoda ‘gentry’ in Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian (BCS). We note that relative clauses headed by hybrid nouns display different possibilities of agreement morphology on the relative pronoun koji/a/e ‘which’, depending, on the one hand, on whether the relative clause is restrictive or non-restrictive and on the other, on the case of the relative pronoun. We argue that the observed differences are the result of a conspiracy of the following factors: (i) hybrid number-agreement nouns introduce a null plural pronoun unspecified for gender (Postal 1966; den Dikken 2001; Torrego and Laga 2015), (ii) all plural case forms of the relative pronoun except for nominative and accusative show full gender syncretism (Alsina and Arsenijević 2012b), and (iii) non-restrictive relative clauses involve a null definite pronoun and attach to the head noun higher than the restrictive relative clauses (Postal 1994; de Vries 2002; 2006). We maintain that the facts discussed in the paper argue against analyses which derive the differences between restrictive and non-restrictive relative clauses from their LF representations, rather than from their overt syntax.
APLICAÇÃO DE DIFERENTES DOSES DE SILÍCIO NA CULTURA DO CRAMBE
Authors: Guedes Vinicius Roberto , Morais Mourão Simonetti Ana Paula , Rosa Helton Aparecido 
Published: July 2016

The Crambe (Crambe abyssinica) is a brassicaceae from Ethiopia, and adapted in Mediterranean, its most important feature is about the production of vegetal oil. However, for being a culture recently widespread in Brazil, a few studies are found in literature about the effects and benefits of n in crambe’s culture. This work was conducted at the Farm School Assis Gurgacz College (FAG) in Cascavel - Paraná and aimed to evaluate the effect of silicon on productive aspects of crambe.. Was used the completely randomized desing, that the treatement was divide in: T1 – control; T2- syrup of silícon 0,10% with 2 aplications; T3 - syrup of silicon 0,15% with 3 aplications; T4 - silicon with inseticide and T5 - only inseticide, that was recomendaded for this culture, resulting 20 parcels. Were evaluated after the crop cycle parameters: plant height, root dry mass, number of grains per plant and weight of 100 grains. Statistical analysis consisted of analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the treatment means were compared by Tukey test at 5% significance with the help of ASSISTAT software. The use of silicon did not influence positively the production of crambe parameters, except for the number of grains.
REGENERAÇÃO IN VITRO DE CYRTOPODIUM PARANAENSE SCHLTR (ORCHIDACEAE) A PARTIR DE REGIÕES MERISTEMÁTICAS
Authors: Bellaver Larissa Aline , Kato Karina Mikie Miyake , Buttini Sabrina , Antonietti Daniela , Galli Susiane , Stefanello Suzana 
Published: July 2016

Devido a exploração irregular das orquídeas, muitas delas se encontram ameaçadas de extinção. Na tentativa de que a proliferação destas plantas seja garantida utilizam-se técnicas de cultivo in vitro. A utilização de regiões meristemáticas para a produção de protocormóides e posterior regeneração de plantas tem sido empregada com sucesso para diferentes espécies. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da utilização dos reguladores de crescimento ANA e BAP na formação de protocormóides a partir de ápices radiculares e segmentos foliares de Cyrtopodium paranaense. Os explantes foram seccionados e inoculados em meio de cultura MS suplementado com concentrações de ANA (0; 0,5 e 1 mg.L-1) e BAP (0; 0,5 e 1 mg.L-1) totalizando 9 tratamentos. Os meios de cultura foram acrescidos de sacarose (30 g. L-1), geleificados com ágar (6,5 g. L-1). O experimento foi inteiramente casualizado, a unidade experimental constou de um vidro contendo sete explantes, com quatro repetições. Após a inoculação os frascos foram levados para B.O.D. com temperatura de 24º ± 2ºC e fotoperíodo de 16 horas. Semanalmente avaliou-se o aparecimento de modificações morfológicas como formação de calos e protocormóides. Na segunda semana de cultivo foi observada a formação de calos friáveis e esbranquiçados na extremidade seccionada dos ápices radiculares em todos os tratamentos. Os ápices foliares não apresentaram respostas morfogenéticas e secaram progressivamente. Após 180 dias de cultivo o número médio de protocormóides por explante foi maior nos tratamentos com 0,5 mg.L-1 de BAP e 0,5 mg.L-1 de ANA e 1 mg.L-1 de BAP.
Genótipos de Carthamus tinctorius L. em cultivo irrigado e sob sequeiro¹
Authors: Santos Reginaldo Ferreira , Silva Marcelo De Almeida , Klar Antonio Evaldo , Galant Natasha Barchinski , De Oliveira Christian Valcir Kniphoff , Sampaio Marinez Carpiski , Santos Recieli Knöber 
Published: July 2016

Um estudo de campo foi realizado com objetivo de determinar o efeito da irrigação na fase inicial de crescimento do cártamo (Carthamus tinctorius L.) para semeadura de outono em São Paulo, Brasil. Os ensaios de campo foram realizados em Argisolo de textura arnosa B textural. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente cazualizado, com quatro repetições em esquema fatorial (2 x 4): dois níveis de água e quatro genótipos de cártamo (G1, G2, G3, G4, G5). Foi avaliado no período de estudo o comportamento de comprimento do caule (CC), comprimento de raiz (CR), massa de caule (MC) diâmetro de caule (DC) e diâmetro da raiz (DR), aos 30 dias após a emergência. A análise da variância e o teste de comparação de média foram realizados por Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Os resultados deste estudo mostram que o genótipo de cártamo foi significativamente afetado pela escassez de água no solo devido ao período de seca durante a fase vegetativa. Os rendimentos morfométrico mais elevados foram observados para as variáveis nos tratamentos sob irrigação. Houve interação significativa para as variáveis avaliadas. A irrigação aumentou significativamente CC,CR, MC, DC, e DR respectivamente em 55, 34, 485, 95, 108% em relação ao cultivo de sequeiro. Entre os genótipos estudados a diferenças também foram significativas, chegando a 372% entre o CC dos G4 e G5 e 172% entre as MC do G2 e G4.