bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heidegger's argument for fascism
Authors: Sinhababu Neil 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHeidegger's ontological theories, his observations about liberalism and fascism, and his evaluation of Being are three premises of an argument for fascism. The ontological premise is that integrated wholes and instruments or objects of will are ontologically superior, as Being and Time suggests in discussing Being‐a‐whole and using tools. The social premise is that fascist societies are wholes integrated by dictatorial will, while liberal societies are looser aggregates of free individuals, as Heidegger describes in his 1930s seminars. The evaluative premise, shared with the medieval tradition and expressed in his notebook remarks about war, is that ontological superiority makes things better. The conclusion that fascism is better than liberalism should be rejected along with the evaluative premise.
Elsinoe species: The rise of scab diseases
Authors: Pham Nam Q. , Wingfield Brenda D. , Barnes Irene , Gazis Romina , Wingfield Michael J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe genus Elsinoe contains many aggressive pathogens of a wide range of plants, many of which are economically important. These fungal pathogens cause serious scab diseases affecting various plant parts, impacting plant vigour, yield and market value. While studies on Elsinoe species have predominantly focused on their taxonomy, there is a conspicuous gap in knowledge of these fungi from a plant pathology perspective. In this review, we draw together and critically evaluate the existing, but rather fragmented, research on the taxonomic status, phylogenetic relationships, host range, as well as the biology and epidemiology of Elsinoe species. Our aim is primarily to augment the existing understanding of the global significance of Elsinoe species, and furthermore, to shed light on the escalating prominence of scab diseases caused by species in a fungal genus that has been known for over 100 years but remains relatively poorly understood and somewhat enigmatic.
A fungal endophyte increases plant resilience to low nutrient availabilities: a case of Fe acquisition in legumes
Authors: Avramidou Marianna , Balaktsis Vasileios , Tsiouri Olga , Maghrebi Moez , Vigani Gianpiero , Sergiou Antonios , Ntelkis Nikolaos , Ehaliotis Constantinos , Papadopoulou Kalliope K. 
Published: October 2024

ΑbstractMicrobial inocula are considered a promising and effective alternative solution to the use of chemical fertilizers to support plant growth and productivity since they play a key role in the availability and uptake of nutrients. Here, the effect of a beneficial of a fungal root endophyte, Fusarium solani strain K (FsK), on nutrient acquisition efficiency of the legume Lotus japonicus was studied, and putative mode‐of‐action of the endophyte at a molecular level was determined. Plant colonization with the endophyte resulted in increased shoot and root fresh weight under Fe deficiency compared to control nutrient conditions. Plant inoculation with FsK was associated with a significant increase in macro‐ and micronutrient concentration in leaves at an early stage of endophyte inoculation and a replenishment of Fe content under prolonged iron starvation. The mechanistic basis of the plant growth promotion capabilities of the endophyte is exerted at the transcriptional level since we recorded changes in the expression levels of genes related to iron uptake in FsK‐colonized plants under stress conditions compared to uninoculated plants. In addition, the observed changes in the ethylene biosynthesis‐related genes suggest a possible implication of ethylene in the mode of action used by FsK to enhance plant response to nutrient stress conditions. Finally, we demonstrated that the endophyte possesses a reductive high‐affinity Fe uptake system and identified a ferric reductase that was induced in planta under Fe deficiency conditions, indicating that this fungal Fe homeostasis mechanism may result in a benefit in nutrient acquisition for the plant as well.
Tracking Well‐Being: A Comprehensive Analysis of Physical Activity and Mental Health in College Students Across COVID‐19 Phases Using Ecological Momentary Assessment
Authors: Bai Yang , Burns Ryan , Ma Conrad , Curl Azilee , Hudziak Jim , Copeland William E. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPhysical activity (PA) is a critical factor in maintaining mental health, particularly among college students who are vulnerable to stress, anxiety, and mood disturbances. The COVID‐19 pandemic introduced unprecedented disruptions to daily routines. The purpose of this cohort study was to examine the longitudinal PA behaviors before and during COVID‐19 using device‐based assessment in a sample of college students. The participants were a convenience sample of 1‐year college students from the University of Vermont Wellness Environment study. A daily survey was distributed to the participants every night on a study app measured three mental health outcomes of mood, anxiety, and stress for 16 weeks. Participants wore Apple Watches to monitor PA. A total of 167 participants completed at least 50% of daily surveys and had 20 days of valid Apple Watch data, which resulted in 11 387 participant‐days' of observations. Changes in average daily moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and step counts were examined week‐over‐week from an 8‐week period before COVID to an 8‐week period during COVID using cluster‐robust piecewise regression (16‐weeks total). Linear mixed models examined the association between PA and mental health outcomes, while also examining the moderating influence of COVID phase. Significantly lower MVPA was observed from the end of pre‐COVID to start of COVID by −18.2 min/day (p < 0.001) and significantly fewer steps/day was observed from end of pre‐COVID to start of COVID by −3277 steps/day (p < 0.001). An MVPA “catch‐up” effect was observed as there were small but positive week‐over‐week improvements during COVID for MVPA (b = 1.32 min/day, p < 0.001). The influence of COVID‐19 phases had a notable impact on the relationships between PA/exercise and mental health outcomes. A discernible trend emerged, indicating stronger connections during the COVID period for anxiety and stress compared to the pre‐COVID era. Interestingly, the moderating effect of COVID was opposite for mood and exercise. The COVID‐19 pandemic led to a dramatic decline in PA among college students, coinciding with a period of heightened stress and anxiety. Despite a slight recovery in PA levels during the pandemic, the strengthened association between exercise and anxiety/stress during this time underscores the vital role of PA in promoting mental health. These findings highlight the importance of implementing behavior change strategies to maintain and promote student wellbeing.
Inferring the Accurate Locations of Noise Records in Mobile Phone Location Data
Authors: Song Xiaoqing , Lu Yi , Jiang Shumei , Jiang Wei , Wu Yue , Long Yi 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe positioning uncertainty of mobile phone location (MPL) data greatly influences location services and crowd behavior analysis. Although many achievements have been made in controlling its main sources (signal drift and ping‐pong effects), several problems, such as single‐oscillation patterns, insufficient position optimization, and a lack of effective evaluation, remain. In this study, a set of MPL data quality optimization methods are proposed. First, the characteristics of drift records and the oscillation patterns of ping‐pong records are discussed. The quality of the MPL data is subsequently controlled with the proposed feature‐based drift‐record detection method, complex oscillation pattern‐based ping‐pong‐record detection method, and cumulative duration weighting‐based ping‐pong‐record optimization method. These methods are applied to the MPL dataset of a major operator in Nanjing city, and the optimization effect is evaluated with GPS data collected synchronously. The results show that the proposed detection and optimization methods can effectively improve the accuracy of MPL data.
Desynchronization Attacks Resistant Watermarking for Remote Sensing Images Based on DWT‐SVD and Normalized Feature Domain
Authors: Xi Xu , Zhang Jie , Du Jinglong , Yang Zihao 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTMost existing remote sensing image watermarking algorithms concentrate on excavation of particular embedding templates, image features, or geometric invariant domains, which present challenges in terms of resistance to desynchronization attacks, embedding domain repetition, and insufficient algorithm versatility. To address these issues, this study proposes a watermarking algorithm that is robust to desynchronization attacks and can adapt to different types of remote sensing images using the geometric invariant domain and hybrid frequency domain. The algorithm uses the multi‐scale SIFT to identify feature points in remote sensing images, then creates a Delaunay triangulation network (DTN) based on these feature points, extracts the tangent circles of triangles, and normalizes these tangent circles using image moment and affine transformation, and the feature domains with geometric invariance are constructed. On this basis, the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) transforms the feature domain to the frequency decomposition state, and the singular value decomposition (SVD) further mines the watermark embedding domain, ensuring the stability of the watermark transforming back and forth in the embedding domain and improving the overall invisibility of the watermarking algorithm. The experimental results indicate that, compared to related algorithms, the proposed watermarking algorithm not only adapts better to remote sensing images with different bands and bit depths but also provides superior invisibility and demonstrates strong robustness against various desynchronization attacks such as splicing, panning, rotating, as well as image processing like noise addition, filtering, and compression.
Pitfalls of reasoning in hospital‐based transfusion medicine
Authors: Raza Sheharyar , Jacobs Jeremy W. , Booth Garrett S. , Callum Jeannie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionHospital‐based transfusion involves hundreds of daily medical decisions. Medical decision‐making under uncertainty is susceptible to cognitive biases which can lead to systematic errors of reasoning and suboptimal patient care. Here we review common cognitive biases that may be relevant for transfusion practice.Materials and MethodsBiases were selected based on categorical diversity, evidence from healthcare contexts, and relevance for transfusion medicine. For each bias, we provide background psychology literature, representative clinical examples, considerations for transfusion medicine, and strategies for mitigation.ResultsWe report seven cognitive biases relating to memory (availability heuristic, limited memory), interpretation (framing effects, anchoring bias), and incentives (search satisficing, sunk cost fallacy, feedback sanction).ConclusionPitfalls of reasoning due to cognitive biases are prominent in medical decision making and relevant for hospital transfusion medicine. An awareness of these phenomena might stimulate further research, encourage corrective measures, and motivate nudge‐based interventions to improve transfusion practice.
Wind speed affects the rate and kinetics of stomatal conductance
Authors: Shapira Or , Hochberg Uri , Joseph Ariel , McAdam Scott , Azoulay‐Shemer Tamar , Brodersen Craig R. , Holbrook Noel Michelle , Zait Yotam 
Published: October 2024

SUMMARYUnderstanding the relationship between wind speed and gas exchange in plants is a longstanding challenge. Our aim was to investigate the impact of wind speed on maximum rates of gas exchange and the kinetics of stomatal responses. We conducted experiments in different angiosperm and fern species using an infrared gas analyzer equipped with a controlled leaf fan, enabling precise control of the boundary layer conductance. We first showed that the chamber was adequately mixed even at extremely low wind speed (<0.005 m s−1) and evaluated the link between fan speed, wind speed, and boundary layer conductance. We observed that higher wind speeds led to increased gas exchange of both water vapor and CO₂, primarily due to the increase in boundary layer conductance. This increase in transpiration subsequently reduced epidermal pressure, leading to stomatal opening. We documented that stomatal opening in response to light was 2.5 times faster at a wind speed of 2 m s−1 compared to minimal wind speed in Vicia faba, while epidermal peels in a buffer with no transpiration exhibited a similar opening rate. The increase in stomatal conductance under high wind was also observed in four angiosperm species under field conditions, but it was not observed in Boston fern (Nephrolepis exaltata), which lacks epidermal mechanical advantage. Our findings highlight the significant impact of boundary layer conductance on determining gas exchange rates and the kinetics of gas exchange responses to environmental changes.
Subdural fluid accumulation with two meningiomas in a cat
Authors: Iqbal Mohammad Momin , Lampe Rachel , Hecht Silke , Vieson Miranda 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA case of two separate meningiomas with concurrent subdural fluid accumulation is presented. A 13‐year‐old, male neutered domestic shorthair cat presented with behavior change and progressive neurologic signs localizing to the forebrain. Two extra‐axial masses were seen along with a large subdural fluid collection on advanced imaging of the brain. Histology of the lesions was consistent with multiple meningiomas, while analysis of the subdural fluid was consistent with cerebrospinal fluid. A case of multiple feline meningiomas with peritumoral subdural fluid accumulation has not previously been reported.
Semistable torsion classes and canonical decompositions in Grothendieck groups
Authors: Asai Sota , Iyama Osamu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe study two classes of torsion classes that generalize functorially finite torsion classes, that is, semistable torsion classes and morphism torsion classes. Semistable torsion classes are parametrized by the elements in the real Grothendieck group up to TF equivalence. We give a close connection between TF equivalence classes and the cones given by canonical decompositions of the spaces of projective presentations due to Derksen–Fei. More strongly, for ‐tame algebras and hereditary algebras, we prove that TF equivalence classes containing lattice points are exactly the cones given by canonical decompositions. One of the key steps in our proof is a general description of semistable torsion classes in terms of morphism torsion classes. We also answer a question by Derksen–Fei negatively by giving examples of algebras that do not satisfy the ray condition. As an application of our results, we give an explicit description of TF equivalence classes of preprojective algebras of type .
Solubilization of K and P nutrients from coal gangue by
Bacillus velezensis
Authors: Wang Zhigang , Liu Mingwu , Liu Xiangrong , Bao Yuan , Wang Yaya 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Accumulation of coal gangue (CG) poses significant risks to both human health and ecological systems, underscoring the urgent need for sustainable methods to utilize this abundant waste material effectively. In this study, we successfully screened and isolated the
Bacillus velezensis
bacterial strain to enhance the solubilization of potassium (K) and phosphorus (P) nutrients from CG. The study employed XRD, FTIR, SEM, and HPLC techniques to investigate the underlying mechanisms of CG solubilization. Various parameters such as CG particle size, incubation time, initial inoculation ratio, concentration of CG, pH, and temperature were optimized to maximize solubilization efficiency. The
Bacillus velezensis
bacterium can dissolve minerals of CG by adhering to its surface and secreting various kinds of organic acids, particularly succinic acid. Pot experiments further demonstrated that
Bacillus velezensis
, in conjunction with CG, promotes alfalfa growth. These combined findings suggest that
Bacillus velezensis
and coal gangue hold promising potential as mineral soil conditioners, effectively enhancing plant growth. This approach presents a viable alternative for the environmentally responsible utilization of CG, addressing both ecological concerns and agricultural sustainability.

IMPORTANCE
Coal gangue piles not only occupy significant amounts of arable land but also cause serious environmental pollution. Therefore, finding sustainable methods for the clean utilization of CG is imperative. Although previous studies have shown that bacteria can promote the solubilization of available phosphorus and available potassium from CG, their impact on promoting plant growth remains understudied. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate the potential of Bacillus velezensis in enhancing the effectiveness of CG as a mineral fertilizer to support alfalfa growth. The evidence presented in this study provides an ecological strategy for the utilization of CG.
An accumulated mutation gained in mosquito cells enhances Zika virus virulence and fitness in mice
Authors: Fan Xiao-Xuan , Li Rui-Ting , Zhu Yi-Bin , Chen Qi , Li Xiao-Feng , Cao Tian-Shu , Zhao Hui , Cheng Gong , Qin Cheng-Feng 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Zika virus (ZIKV) remains a significant public health threat worldwide. A number of adaptive mutations have accumulated within the genome of ZIKV during global transmission, some of which have been linked to specific phenotypes. ZIKV maintains an alternating cycle of replication between mosquitoes and vertebrate hosts, but the role of mosquito-specific adaptive mutations in ZIKV has not been well investigated. In this study, we demonstrated that serial passaging of ZIKV in mosquito Aag2 cells led to the emergence of critical amino acid substitutions, including A94V in the prM protein and V153D and H401Y in the E protein. Further characterization via reverse genetics revealed that the H401Y substitution in the E protein did not augment viral replication in mosquitoes but significantly enhanced neurovirulence and lethality compared with those of the wild-type (WT) virus in mice. More importantly, the H401Y mutant maintained its virulence phenotype in mice after propagation in mosquitoes in mosquito-mouse cycle model. In particular, recombinant ZIKV harboring the H401Y substitution showed enhanced competitive fitness over WT ZIKV in various mammalian cells and mouse brains, but not in mosquito cells. Notably, the H401Y substitution in the ZIKV E protein has been detected in recent isolates derived from both mosquitoes and humans in Asia and the Americas. In summary, our findings not only identify a novel virulence determinant of ZIKV but also highlight the complexity of the relationship between the evolution of vector-borne viruses and their clinical outcome in nature.

IMPORTANCE
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an important arbovirus with a global impact. Experimental evolution by serial passaging of ZIKV in susceptible cells has led to the identification of a panel of critical amino acid substitutions with specific functions. Herein, we identified a mosquito cell-derived substitution, H401Y, in the ZIKV E protein via experimental evolution. The H401Y substitution significantly enhanced viral virulence and fitness in mammal cells and mice. Notably, the H401Y substitution has been detected in recent mosquito and human isolates from regions spanning Asia to the Americas. Our work elucidates unrecognized virulence determinant in the ZIKV genome that warrants urgent attention. Moreover, the findings underscore the critical need for extensive molecular surveillance and rigorous clinical observation to establish the potential impact in natural circulation. These endeavors are crucial for unraveling the potential of mutation to act as a catalyst for future epidemics, thereby preempting the public health challenges it may pose.
Monitoring of Amplitude Spectra of Betatron Oscillations in the JINR Booster Synchrotron
Authors: Zhabitsky V. M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Methods of processing a digital signal obtained from a four-electrode transverse position sensor of ion bunches during acceleration in a synchrotron are discussed. A technique has been developed for reconstructing the amplitude spectrum of betatron oscillations of an ion bunch in the case of a sensor displacement relative to the initial position determined during calibration. The results obtained are used to reconstruct the amplitude spectrum of betatron oscillations of a bunch after injection of xenon ions into the JINR booster synchrotron.
Prioritising primary care patients with unexpected weight loss for cancer investigation: diagnostic accuracy study (update)
Authors: Nicholson Brian D , Virdee Pradeep , Aveyard Paul , Price Sarah J , Hobbs F D Richard , Koshiaris Constantinos , Hamilton Willie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
To quantify the predictive value of unexpected weight loss for cancer according to patient’s age, sex, smoking status, and concurrent clinical features (symptoms, signs, and abnormal blood test results).

Design
Diagnostic accuracy study (update).

Setting
Data from Clinical Practice Research Datalink electronic health records linked to the National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service in primary care, England.

Participants
326 240 adults (≥18 years) with a code for unexpected weight loss from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2019.

Main outcome measures
Cancer diagnosis in the six months after the earliest weight loss code (index date). Codes for additional clinical features were identified in the three months before to one month after the index date. Diagnostic accuracy measures included positive and negative likelihood ratios, positive predictive values, and diagnostic odds ratios.

Results
Of 326 240 adults with unexpected weight loss, 184 270 (56.5%) were women, 176 508 (54.1%) were aged ≥60 years, and 176 053 (54.0%) were ever smokers. 15 624 (4.8%) had a diagnosis of cancer within six months of the index date, of whom 15 051 (96.3%) were aged ≥50 years. The positive predictive value for cancer was above the 3% threshold recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence for urgent investigation in men aged ≥50 years and women aged ≥60 years. 17 additional clinical features were associated with cancer in younger men with unexpected weight loss, and eight in women. Positive likelihood ratios in men ranged from 1.43 (95% confidence interval 1.30 to 1.58) for fatigue to 21.00 (8.59 to 51.37) for rectal mass, and in women from 1.28 (1.16 to 1.41) for back pain to 19.46 (12.69 to 29.85) for pelvic mass. Abnormal blood test results associated with cancer included low albumin (positive likelihood ratio 3.24, 3.13 to 3.35) and raised platelets (3.48, 3.35 to 3.62), total white cell count (3.01, 2.89 to 3.14), and C reactive protein (3.13, 3.05 to 3.20). However, no normal blood test result in isolation ruled out cancer. Clinical features co-occurring with unexpected weight loss were associated with multiple cancer sites.

Conclusion
The risk of cancer in younger adults with unexpected weight loss presenting to primary care is <3% and does not merit investigation under current UK guidelines. However, in men aged ≥50 years, women aged ≥60 years, and younger patients with concurrent clinical features, the risk of cancer warrants referral for invasive investigation. Clinical features typically associated with specific cancer sites are markers of several cancer types when they occur with unexpected weight loss.

Readers’ note
This article is an updated version of a previously published BMJ paper that has since been retracted.