bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anidulafungin for the treatment of candidaemia caused byCandida parapsilosis: Analysis of pooled data from six prospective clinical studies
Authors: Kontoyiannis Dimitrios P. , Bassetti Matteo , Nucci Marcio , Capparella Maria Rita , Yan Jean L. , Aram Jalal , Hogan Patricia A. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryConcerns with echinocandin use for infections caused byCandida parapsilosiscomplex species have driven the need for data to support echinocandin clinical efficacy in such patients. Data from six prospective studies were pooled to assess efficacy and safety of anidulafungin in patients with candidaemia caused byC. parapsilosis. Patient‐level data were pooled from patients with microbiologically confirmed candidaemia due toC. parapsilosistreated with anidulafungin. Patients received a 200 mg intravenous (IV) loading dose of anidulafungin (day 1) and 100 mg daily thereafter.IVtreatment could be switched to oral azole therapy after ≥5 or ≥10 days. Primary endpoint was global response at end ofIVtherapy (EOIVT). Seventy patients had candidaemia caused byC. parapsilosis. Global response was 77.1% (95%CI: 67.3, 87.0) atEOIVTand 70.0% (95%CI: 59.3, 80.7) at end of treatment. Three of 55 isolates (withMICs available) were resistant to anidulafungin (MIC≥8 mg/L). All‐cause mortality was 5.7% (n=4/70) by day 14 and 14.3% (n=10/70) by day 28.IVanidulafungin was effective for the treatment ofC. parapsilosiscandidaemia in this population, consistent with efficacy previously demonstrated for otherCandidaspecies. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers:NCT00496197,NCT00548262,NCT00537329,NCT00689338,NCT00806351,NCT00805740).
3D Printing Technology in Planning Thumb Reconstructions with Second Toe Transplant
Authors: Zang Cheng‐wu , Zhang Jian‐lei , Meng Ze‐zu , Liu Lin‐feng , Zhang Wen‐zhi , Chen Yong‐xiang , Cong Rui 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveTo report preoperative planning using 3D printing to plan thumb reconstructions with second toe transplant.MethodsBetween December 2013 and October 2015, the thumbs of five patients with grade 3 thumb defects were reconstructed using a wrap‐around flap and second toe transplant aided by 3D printing technology. CT scans of hands and feet were analyzed using Boholo surgical simulator software (www.boholo.com). This allowed for the creation of a mirror image of the healthy thumb using the uninjured thumb. Using 3D images of the reconstructed thumb, a model of the big toe and the second toe was created to understand the dimensions of the donor site. This model was also used to repair the donor site defect by designing appropriate iliac bone and superficial circumflex iliac artery flaps. The polylactic acid model of the donor toes and reconstructed thumb was produced using 3D printing. Surgically, the wrap‐around flap of the first dorsal metatarsal artery and vein combined with the joint and bone of the second toe was based upon the model donor site. Sensation was reconstructed by anastomosing the dorsal nerve of the foot and the plantar digital nerve of the great toe. Patients commenced exercises 2 weeks after surgery.ResultsAll reconstructed thumbs survived, although partial flap necrosis occurred in one case. This was managed with regular dressing changes. Patients were followed up for 3–15 months. The lengths of the reconstructed thumbs are 34–49 mm. The widths of the thumb nail beds are 16–19 mm, and the thickness of the digital pulp is 16–20 mm. The thumb opposition function was 0–1.5 cm; the extension angle was 5°–20° (mean, 16°), and the angle of flexion was 38°–55° (mean, 47°). Two‐point discrimination was 9–11 mm (mean, 9.6 mm). The reconstructed thumbs had good appearance, function and sensation. Based on the criteria set forth by the Standard on Approval of Reconstructed Thumb and Finger Functional Assessment of the Chinese Medical Association, the results were considered excellent for four cases and good for one case. The success rate was 100%.ConclusionsWhen planning a wrap‐around flap and second toe transplant to reconstruct a thumb, both the donor and recipient sites can be modeled using 3D printing. This can shorten the operative time by supplying digital and accurate schematics for the operation. It can also optimize the function and appearance of the reconstructed thumb while minimizing damage to the donor site.
Prediction of Edge Displacement due to Image Contrast
Authors: Seo Suyoung 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis study proposes a method to predict the amount of edge displacement (ED) caused by brightness difference in imaging. ED is a measure of the deviation of imaged edges from their true edge locations in the real world. A set of target sheets were designed to obtain reference lines and collect edge profiles for a given image contrast. A total of 330 target‐sheet images of varying contrast and camera‐to‐object distances were used, with their EDs estimated using a Gaussian function. The EDs and pixel values of dark and light areas either side of an edge were then used as observations to predict EDs at a regular grid of pixel values using kriging, which is shown to be an effective method to fit the ED observations to a surface with high prediction accuracy. In addition, simulations indicate the need to correct EDs for accurate space intersection.
Automatic Measurement of Control Points for Aerial Image Orientation
Authors: Berveglieri Adilson , Tommaselli Antonio M. G. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis paper presents an automatic workflow for measuring natural ground control points (GCPs) in aerial images. The approach is based on the acquisition of multi‐scale fisheye vertical terrestrial images over distinguishable areas to automatically generate georeferenced image patches. These are matched with aerial images using correspondence techniques and then used as ground control. The technique was assessed using a bundle block adjustment, indicating an accuracy based on check points of approximately 1/5 of the ground sample distance (GSD) in planimetry and 1 GSD in elevation. Automatic GCP measurements thus improved the final accuracy in comparison with manual measurement.
Safety of the use of group A plasma in trauma: the STAT study
Authors: Dunbar Nancy M. , Yazer Mark H. ,   on behalf of the Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusion (BEST) Collaborative and the STAT Study Investigators
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUNDUse of universally ABO‐compatible group AB plasma for trauma resuscitation can be challenging due to supply limitations. Many centers are now using group A plasma during the initial resuscitation of traumatically injured patients. This study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of this practice on mortality and hospital length of stay (LOS).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSSeventeen trauma centers using group A plasma in trauma patients of unknown ABO group participated in this study. Eligible patients were group A, B, and AB trauma patients who received at least 1 unit of group A plasma. Data collected included patient sex, age, mechanism of injury, Trauma Injury Severity Score (TRISS) probability of survival, and number of blood products transfused. The main outcome of this study was in‐hospital mortality differences between group B and AB patients compared to group A patients. Data on early mortality (≤24 hr) and hospital LOS were also collected.RESULTSThere were 354 B and AB patients and 809 A patients. The two study groups were comparable in terms of age, sex, TRISS probability of survival, and total number of blood products transfused. The use of group A plasma during the initial resuscitation of traumatically injured patients of unknown ABO group was not associated with increased in‐hospital mortality, early mortality, or hospital LOS for group B and AB patients compared to group A patients.CONCLUSIONThese results support the practice of issuing thawed group A plasma for the initial resuscitation of trauma patients of unknown ABO group.
Comparison of haemostatic function of PAS‐C–platelets vs. plasma–platelets in reconstituted whole blood using impedance aggregometry and thromboelastography
Authors: van Hout F. M. A. , Bontekoe I. J. , de Laleijne L. A. E. , Kerkhoffs J.‐L. , de Korte D. , Eikenboom J. , van der Bom J. G. , van der Meer P. F. 
Published: June 2017

Background and ObjectivesThere are concerns about the haemostatic function of platelets stored in platelet additive solution (PAS). Aim of this study was to compare the haemostatic function of PAS‐C–platelets to plasma–platelets in reconstituted whole blood.Materials and MethodsIn our experiment, whole blood was reconstituted with red blood cells, solvent–detergent (SD) plasma and either PAS‐C–platelets or plasma–platelets (n = 7) in a physiological ratio. On storage days 2, 5, 8 and 13, the agonist‐induced aggregation (multiple electrode aggregometry), clot formation (thromboelastography) and agonist‐induced CD62P responsiveness (flow cytometry) were measured.ResultsSamples with PAS‐C–platelets showed significantly lower aggregation than plasma–platelets when induced with adenosine diphosphate, −6 U (95% confidence interval: −8; −4) or thrombin receptor‐activating protein, −15 U (−19; −10). Also when activated with collagen and ristocetin, the PAS‐C–platelets showed less aggregation, although not statistically significant. All samples with PAS‐C–platelets showed significantly lower agonist‐induced CD62P responsiveness than samples with plasma–platelets. However, there was no difference regarding all TEG parameters.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate that the function – aggregation and CD62P responsiveness – of PAS‐C–platelets in reconstituted whole blood is inferior to that of plasma–platelets, which may have implications in the setting of massive transfusions.
Development of a web‐based application and multicountry analysis framework for assessing interdicted infections and cost‐utility of screening donated blood for HIV, HCV and HBV
Authors: Custer B. , Janssen M. P. , Hubben G. , Vermeulen M. , van Hulst M. 
Published: June 2017

Background and ObjectivesMost countries test donations for HIV, HCV and HBV using serology with or without nucleic acid testing (NAT). Cost‐utility analyses provide information on the relative value of different screening options. The aim of this project was to develop an open access risk assessment and cost‐utility analysis web‐tool for assessing HIV, HCV and HBV screening options (http://www.isbtweb.org/working-parties/transfusion-transmitted-infectious-diseases/). An analysis for six countries (Brazil, Ghana, the Netherlands, South Africa, Thailand and USA) was conducted.Materials and MethodsFour strategies; (1) antibody assays (Abs) for HIV and HCV + HBsAg, (2) antibody assays that include antigens for HIV and HCV (Combo) + HBsAg, (3) NAT in minipools of variable size (MP NAT) and (4) individual donation (ID) NAT can be evaluated using the tool. Country‐specific data on donors, donation testing results, recipient outcomes and costs are entered using the online interface. Results obtained include the number infections interdicted using each screening options, and the (incremental and average) cost‐utility of the options.ResultsIn each of the six countries evaluated, the use of antibody assays is cost effective or even cost saving. NAT has varying cost‐utility depending on the setting, and where adopted, the incremental cost‐utility exceeds any previously defined or proposed threshold in each country.ConclusionThe web‐tool allows an assessment of infectious units interdicted and value for money of different testing strategies. Regardless of gross national income (GNI) per capita, countries appear willing to dedicate healthcare resources to blood supply safety in excess of that for other sectors of health care.
Lack of linear correlation between dynamic and steady‐state cerebral autoregulation
Authors: de Jong Daan L. K. , Tarumi Takashi , Liu Jie , Zhang Rong , Claassen Jurgen A. H. R. 
Published: June 2017

Key points
For correct application and interpretation of cerebral autoregulation (CA) measurements in research and in clinical care, it is essential to understand differences and similarities between dynamic and steady‐state CA.
The present study found no correlation between dynamic and steady‐state CA indices in healthy older adults.
There was variability between individuals in all (steady‐state and dynamic) autoregulatory indices, ranging from low (almost absent) to highly efficient CA in this healthy population.
These findings challenge the assumption that assessment of a single CA parameter or a single set of parameters can be generalized to overall CA functioning. Therefore, depending on specific research purposes, the choice for either steady‐state or dynamic measures or both should be weighed carefully.
AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate the relationship between dynamic (dCA) and steady‐state cerebral autoregulation (sCA). In 28 healthy older adults, sCA was quantified by a linear regression slope of proportionate (%) changes in cerebrovascular resistance (CVR) in response to proportionate (%) changes in mean blood pressure (BP) induced by stepwise sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and phenylephrine (PhE) infusion. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured at the internal carotid artery (ICA) and vertebral artery (VA) and CBF velocity at the middle cerebral artery (MCA). With CVR = BP/CBF, Slope‐CVRICA, Slope‐CVRVA and Slope‐CVRiMCA were derived. dCA was assessed (i) in supine rest, analysed with transfer function analysis (gain and phase) and autoregulatory index (ARI) fit from spontaneous oscillations (ARIBaseline), and (ii) with transient changes in BP using a bolus injection of SNP (ARISNP) and PhE (ARIPhE). Comparison of sCA and dCA parameters (using Pearson's r for continuous and Spearman's ρ for ordinal parameters) demonstrated a lack of linear correlations between sCA and dCA measures. However, comparisons of parameters within dCA and within sCA were correlated. For sCA slope‐CVRVA with Slope‐CVRiMCA (r = 0.45, P < 0.03); for dCA ARISNP with ARIPhE (ρ = 0.50, P = 0.03), ARIBaseline (ρ = 0.57, P = 0.03) and PhaseLF (ρ = 0.48, P = 0.03); and for GainVLF with GainLF (r = 0.51, P = 0.01). By contrast to the commonly held assumption based on an earlier study, there were no linear correlations between sCA and dCA. As an additional observation, there was strong inter‐individual variability, both in dCA and sCA, in this healthy group of elderly, in a range from low to high CA efficiency.
Complete Genome of
Avian coronavirus
Vaccine Strains Ma5 and BR-I
Authors: Brandão Paulo E. , Taniwaki Sueli A. , Berg Mikael , Hora Aline S. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Avian coronavirus
(AvCoV) is a ubiquitous multiple-serotype pathogen of poultry, and its control is mainly based on the use of vaccines. We report here the previously unknown full genomes of the Ma5 (27,652 nucleotides [nt]) and BR-I (27,618 nt) AvCoV vaccine strains of the GI-1 (Massachusetts) and GI-11 (Brazil) types.
Fourteen Draft Genome Sequences for the First Reported Cases of Azithromycin-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Ireland
Authors: Mac Aogáin Micheál , Fennelly Nicholas , Walsh Anne , Lynagh Yvonne , Bekaert Michaël , Lawlor Brendan , Walsh Paul , Kelly Brian , Rogers Thomas R. , Crowley Brendan 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the draft genome assemblies of 14 azithromycin-resistant
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
clinical isolates, representing the first such strains identified in Ireland. Among these isolates are the first reported highly resistant strains (MIC >256 mg/liter), which both belonged to the ST1580 sequence type.
Genome Sequence of
Geothermobacter
sp. Strain EPR-M, a Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Iron Reducer
Authors: Tully Benjamin , Savalia Pratixaben , Abuyen Karla , Baughan Christina , Romero Eric , Ronkowski Cynthia , Torres Brandon , Tremblay Jason , Trujillo Anthony , Tyler Madeline , Pérez-Rodríguez Ileana , Amend Jan 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Geothermobacter
sp. strain EPR-M was isolated from a hydrothermal vent on the East Pacific Rise and has been shown to participate in the reduction of Fe(III) oxides. Here, we report its 3.73-Mb draft genome sequence.
Whole-Genome Sequence of Coxiella burnetii Nine Mile RSA439 (Phase II, Clone 4), a Laboratory Workhorse Strain
Authors: Millar Jess A. , Beare Paul A. , Moses Abraham S. , Martens Craig A. , Heinzen Robert A. , Raghavan Rahul 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the whole-genome sequence of
Coxiella burnetii
Nine Mile RSA439 (phase II, clone 4), a laboratory strain used extensively to investigate the biology of this intracellular bacterial pathogen. The genome consists of a 1.97-Mb chromosome and a 37.32-kb plasmid.
Draft Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas chlororaphis ATCC 9446, a Nonpathogenic Bacterium with Bioremediation and Industrial Potential
Authors: Moreno-Avitia Fabian , Lozano Luis , Utrilla Jose , Bolívar Francisco , Escalante Adelfo 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas chlororaphis
strain ATCC 9446 is a biocontrol-related organism. We report here its draft genome sequence assembled into 35 contigs consisting of 6,783,030 bp. Genome annotation predicted a total of 6,200 genes, 6,128 coding sequences, 81 pseudogenes, 58 tRNAs, 4 noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), and 41 frameshifted genes.
Complete Genome Sequence of Burkholderia cenocepacia CR318, a Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacterium Isolated from Corn Root
Authors: Zekic Filip , Weselowski Brian , Yuan Ze-Chun 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the complete genome sequence of the phosphate-solubilizing bacterium
Burkholderia cenocepacia
CR318, consisting of three circular chromosomes of 3,511,146 bp, 3,097,552 bp, and 1,056,069 bp. The data presented will facilitate further insight into the mechanisms of phosphate solubilization and its application for agricultural and ecological sustainability.
Draft Genome Sequences of
Salmonella
Lysozyme Gene Knockout Mutants
Authors: Arabyan Narine , Huang Bihua C. , Weimer Bart C. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Lysozyme enzymes hydrolyze the β-1,4-glycosidic bond in oligosaccharides. These enzymes are part of a broad group of glucoside hydrolases that are poorly characterized; however, they are important for growth and are being recognized as emerging virulence factors. This is the release of four lysozyme-encoding-gene-deletion mutants in
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium LT2.
Therapeutic Opportunities in the Vaginal Microbiome
Authors: Reid Gregor 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

The reproductive tract of females lies at the core of humanity. The immensely complex process that leads to successful reproduction is miraculous yet invariably successful. Microorganisms have always been a cause for concern for their ability to infect this region, yet it is other, nonpathogenic microbial constituents now uncovered by sequencing technologies that offer hope for improving health. The universality of
Lactobacillus
species being associated with health is the basis for therapeutic opportunities, including through engineered strains. The manipulation of these and other beneficial constituents of the microbiota and their functionality, as well as their metabolites, forms the basis for new diagnostics and interventions. Within 20 years, we should see significant improvements in how cervicovaginal health is restored and maintained, thus providing relief to the countless women who suffer from microbiota-associated disorders.
Fungi that Infect Humans
Authors: Köhler Julia R. , Hube Bernhard , Puccia Rosana , Casadevall Arturo , Perfect John R. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTFungi must meet four criteria to infect humans: growth at human body temperatures, circumvention or penetration of surface barriers, lysis and absorption of tissue, and resistance to immune defenses, including elevated body temperatures. Morphogenesis between small round, detachable cells and long, connected cells is the mechanism by which fungi solve problems of locomotion around or through host barriers. Secretion of lytic enzymes, and uptake systems for the released nutrients, are necessary if a fungus is to nutritionally utilize human tissue. Last, the potent human immune system evolved in the interaction with potential fungal pathogens, so few fungi meet all four conditions for a healthy human host. Paradoxically, the advances of modern medicine have made millions of people newly susceptible to fungal infections by disrupting immune defenses. This article explores how different members of four fungal phyla use different strategies to fulfill the four criteria to infect humans: the Entomophthorales, the Mucorales, the Ascomycota, and the Basidiomycota. Unique traits confer human pathogenic potential on various important members of these phyla: pathogenic Onygenales comprising thermal dimorphs such asHistoplasmaandCoccidioides; theCryptococcusspp. that infect immunocompromised as well as healthy humans; and important pathogens of immunocompromised patients—Candida,Pneumocystis, andAspergillusspp. Also discussed are agents of neglected tropical diseases important in global health such as mycetoma and paracoccidiomycosis and common pathogens rarely implicated in serious illness such as dermatophytes. Commensalism is considered, as well as parasitism, in shaping genomes and physiological systems of hosts and fungi during evolution.
Made for Each Other: Ascomycete Yeasts and Insects
Authors: Blackwell Meredith 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTFungi and insects live together in the same habitats, and many species of both groups rely on each other for success. Insects, the most successful animals on Earth, cannot produce sterols, essential vitamins, and many enzymes; fungi, often yeast-like in growth form, make up for these deficits. Fungi, however, require constantly replenished substrates because they consume the previous ones, and insects, sometimes lured by volatile fungal compounds, carry fungi directly to a similar, but fresh, habitat. Yeasts associated with insects include Ascomycota (Saccharomycotina, Pezizomycotina) and a few Basidiomycota. Beetles, homopterans, and flies are important associates of fungi, and in turn the insects carry yeasts in pits, specialized external pouches, and modified gut pockets. Some yeasts undergo sexual reproduction within the insect gut, where the genetic diversity of the population is increased, while others, well suited to their stable environment, may never mate. The range of interactions extends from dispersal of yeasts on the surface of insects (e.g., cactus-Drosophila-yeast and ephemeral flower communities, ambrosia beetles, yeasts with holdfasts) to extremely specialized associations of organisms that can no longer exist independently, as in the case of yeast-like symbionts of planthoppers. In a few cases yeast-like fungus-insect associations threaten butterflies and other species with extinction. Technical advances improve discovery and identification of the fungi but also inform our understanding of the evolution of yeast-insect symbioses, although there is much more to learn.