bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Struggle and failure on clinical placement: a critical narrative review
Authors: Davenport Rachel , Hewat Sally , Ferguson Alison , McAllister Sue , Lincoln Michelle 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundClinical placements are crucial to the development of skills and competencies in speech–language pathology (SLP) education and, more generally, a requirement of all health professional training programmes. Literature from medical education provides a context for understanding how the environment can be vital to all students’ learning. Given the increasing costs of education and demands on health services, students who struggle or fail on clinical placement place an additional burden on educators. Therefore, if more is known or understood about these students and their experience in relation to the clinical learning environment, appropriate strategies and support can be provided to reduce the burden. However, this literature does not specifically explore marginal or failing students and their experience.AimsTo review existing research that has explored failing and struggling health professional students undertaking clinical placements and, in particular, SLP students.Methods & ProceduresA critical narrative review was undertaken. Three electronic databases, ProQuest, CINAHL and OVID (Medline 1948–), were searched for papers exploring marginal and failing students in clinical placement contexts across all health professions, published between 1988 and 2017. Data were extracted and examined to determine the breadth of the existing research, and publications were critically appraised and major research themes identified.Main ContributionSixty‐nine papers were included in the review. The majority came from medicine and nursing in the United States and United Kingdom, with other allied health disciplines less well represented. The review identified key themes with the majority of papers focused on identification of at risk students and support and remediation. The review also highlighted the absence of literature relating to the student voice and in the allied health professions.Conclusions & ImplicationsThis review highlighted the limited research related to failing/struggling student learning in clinical contexts, and only a handful of papers have specifically addressed marginal or failing students in allied health professions. The complexity of interrelated factors in this field has been highlighted in this review. Further research needs to include the student's voice to develop greater understanding and insights of struggle and failure in clinical contexts.
Interrogating marine virus‐host interactions and elemental transfer with BONCAT and nanoSIMS‐based methods
Authors: Pasulka Alexis L. , Thamatrakoln Kimberlee , Kopf Sebastian H. , Guan Yunbin , Poulos Bonnie , Moradian Annie , Sweredoski Michael J. , Hess Sonja , Sullivan Mathew B. , Bidle Kay D. , Orphan Victoria J. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryWhile the collective impact of marine viruses has become more apparent over the last decade, a deeper understanding of virus‐host dynamics and the role of viruses in nutrient cycling would benefit from direct observations at the single‐virus level. We describe two new complementary approaches – stable isotope probing coupled with nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (nanoSIMS) and fluorescence‐based biorthogonal non‐canonical amino acid tagging (BONCAT) – for studying the activity and biogeochemical influence of marine viruses. These tools were developed and tested using several ecologically relevant model systems (Emiliania huxleyi/EhV207, Synechococcus sp. WH8101/Syn1 and Escherichia coli/T7). By resolving carbon and nitrogen enrichment in viral particles, we demonstrate the power of nanoSIMS tracer experiments in obtaining quantitative estimates for the total number of viruses produced directly from a particular production pathway (by isotopically labelling host substrates). Additionally, we show through laboratory experiments and a pilot field study that BONCAT can be used to directly quantify viral production (via epifluorescence microscopy) with minor sample manipulation and no dependency on conversion factors. This technique can also be used to detect newly synthesized viral proteins. Together these tools will help fill critical gaps in our understanding of the biogeochemical impact of viruses in the ocean.
Identification of Syntrophobacteraceae as major acetate‐degrading sulfate reducing bacteria in Italian paddy soil
Authors: Liu Pengfei , Pommerenke Bianca , Conrad Ralf 
Published: November 2017

SummaryMethane is an important greenhouse gas and acetate is the most important intermediate (average 70%) of the carbon flow to CH4 in paddy fields. Sulfate (e.g., gypsum) application can reduce CH4 emissions up to 70%. However, the effect of gypsum application on acetate degradation and the microbial communities involved are unclear. Therefore, we studied acetate‐dependent sulfate reduction in anoxic microcosms of Italian rice paddy soil, combining profiling of 16S rRNA and dissimilatory sulfite reductase (dsrB) genes and transcripts and rRNA based stable isotope probing (SIP) analysis. Methane production was completely inhibited by gypsum in the absence of exogenous acetate. Amended acetate (either 13C labelled or non‐labelled) was stoichiometrically coupled to sulfate reduction or CH4 production. With methyl fluoride in the presence of sulfate, added propionate and butyrate were incompletely oxidized to acetate, which transiently accumulated. After the depletion of propionate and butyrate the accumulated acetate was rapidly consumed. The relative abundance of dsrB and 16S rRNA genes and transcripts from Syntrophobacteraceae (Desulfovirga spp., Syntrophobacter spp. and unclassified Syntrophobacteraceae) increased upon addition of gypsum and acetate. Simultaneously, Syntrophobacteraceae affiliated species were significantly labelled with 13C. In addition, minor groups like Desulforhabdus spp., Desulfobacca spp. and Desulfotomaculum spp. substantially incorporated 13C into their nucleic acids. The relative abundance of Desulfovibrio spp. slightly increased upon gypsum amendments. However, 13C labelling of Desulfovibrio spp. was only moderate. In summary, Syntrophobacteraceae affiliated species were identified as the major acetotrophic sulfate reducers (SRB) in Italian paddy soil. The identification of these SRB as dominant acetate degraders well explained the scenarios of competition between SRB and acetoclastic methanogens as observed in rice paddy soil.
Farmers’ Preferences For Bluetongue Vaccination Scheme Attributes: An Integrated Choice and Latent Variable Approach
Authors: Sok Jaap , van der Lans Ivo A. , Hogeveen Henk , Elbers Armin R. W. , Oude Lansink Alfons G. J. M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRe‐emergence of the bluetongue disease in Europe poses a continuous threat to European livestock production. Large‐scale vaccination is the most effective intervention to control virus spread. Compared to command‐and‐control approaches, voluntary vaccination approaches can be effective at lower costs, provided that farmers are willing to participate. We use a discrete choice experiment to estimate the preferences for vaccination scheme attributes, accounting for preference heterogeneity via an integrated choice and latent variable approach. In designing livestock disease control schemes, it is often argued that governments should use financial, incentive‐based policy instruments to compensate farmers for externalities, assuming they act in rational self‐interest. Our results suggest that in addition to economic motives, farmers can have intrinsic or social motives to invest in livestock disease control. Implications for the effectiveness of providing subsidy or information to motivate voluntary participation are discussed.
Mechanical colon cleansing for screening colonoscopy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ayub Kamran , Ketwaroo Gyanprakash , Abudayyeh Suhaib , Ibrahim Abeer , Cole Rhonda A , Brumfield‐Brown Rosetta , Qureshi Waqar A , Rabeneck Linda , Graham David Y 
Published: November 2017

OBJECTIVEEffective screening colonoscopy depends on the quality of colon preparation. This study aimed to compare pulsed irrigation evacuation (PIE), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and sodium phosphate colon preparations.METHODSOutpatients at a VA hospital were randomized using sealed envelopes. Preparations consisted of polyethylene glycol 4L, Fleet sodium phosphate 90 mL with four to six glasses water twice daily and 296 mL of magnesium citrate in the evening with PIE prior to colonoscopy. Colon cleansing was assessed blindly using a five‐point scale: 0 (very poor) to 4 (excellent).RESULTSAltogether 391 patients participated in the study (129 in the PEG group, 127 in the sodium phosphate and 135 in the PIE group), with a mean age of 62 years, of whom 75% were men. PIE and sodium phosphate were superior to PEG: median cleansing scored 4 (excellent) versus 3 with PEG (P < 0.01). Inadequate preparations were more common with PEG than PIE (18% vs 5%) (P < 0.01). Side‐effects included vomiting: 37% in the sodium phosphate group versus 5% in the PEG and 2% in the PIE groups (P < 0.01). The three preparations were judged intolerable in ≤ 5%.CONCLUSIONSPIE and sodium phosphate are superior to PEG for colon preparations. PIE is the preferred preparation for those at high risk of unsatisfactory preparations or with unsatisfactory traditional preparations.
Multiple ABC glucoside transporters mediate sugar‐stimulated growth in the heterocyst‐forming cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120
Authors: Nieves‐Morión Mercedes , Flores Enrique 
Published: November 2017

SummaryCyanobacteria are generally capable of photoautotrophic growth and are widely distributed on Earth. The model filamentous, heterocyst‐forming strain Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 has long been considered as a strict photoautotroph but is now known to be able to assimilate fructose. We have previously described two components of ABC glucoside uptake transporters from Anabaena that are involved in uptake of the sucrose analog esculin: GlsC [a nucleotide‐binding domain subunit (NBD)] and GlsP [a transmembrane component (TMD)]. Here, we created Anabaena mutants of genes encoding three further ABC transporter components needed for esculin uptake: GlsD (NBD), GlsQ (TMD) and GlsR (periplasmic substrate‐binding protein). Phototrophic growth of Anabaena was significantly stimulated by sucrose, fructose and glucose. Whereas the glsC and glsD mutants were drastically hampered in sucrose‐stimulated growth, the different gls mutants were generally impaired in sugar‐dependent growth. Our results suggest the participation of Gls and other ABC transporters encoded in the Anabaena genome in sugar‐stimulated growth. Additionally, Gls transporter components influence the function of septal junctions in the Anabaena filament. We suggest that mixotrophic growth is important in cyanobacterial physiology and may be relevant for the wide success of these organisms in diverse environments.
p100 functions as a metastasis activator and is targeted by tumor suppressing microRNA‐320a in lung cancer
Authors: Xing Aimin , Pan Li , Gao Jingzhen 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundLung cancer is among the most frequently diagnosed types of cancer worldwide, with high morbidity and mortality. Metastasis accounts for the deadliest and most poorly understood feature of lung cancer. Herein, we demonstrate that SND1 (also known as p100) acts as a candidate metastasis activator and is targeted by microRNA‐320a (miR‐320a) in lung cancer cells.Methodsp100 expression in lung cancer cell lines and tissues was determined by quantitative real time‐PCR and Western blot. RNA interference was applied to investigate the functions of p100 in lung cancer cell migration, reflected by wound healing and transwell assays. Luciferase reporter assay, quantitative real time‐PCR, and Western blot were finally used to examine miR‐320a targeting of p100 in lung cancer cells.Resultsp100 expression was significantly higher in lung cancer cell lines and tissues compared to normal human bronchial epithelial cells and matched normal lung tissues. Downregulation of p100 by RNA interference obviously inhibited lung cancer cell migration in vitro. Moreover, we validated p100 as a direct target of miR‐320a, a tumor suppressing microRNA repressing lung cancer cell migration. Finally, we showed an inversely expressed correlation between p100 and miR‐320a in tested lung cancer tissues and cell lines, both of which acted as important prognostic factors in lung cancer.ConclusionOur findings identify that p100, targeted by tumor suppressing miR‐320a, is a key metastasis activator in lung cancer, and both p100 and miR‐320a could be considered as biomarkers for prognosis of lung cancer patients.
A Randomized Double Blind Trial of Needle‐free Injected Lidocaine Versus Topical Anesthesia for Infant Lumbar Puncture
Authors: Caltagirone Ryan , Raghavan Vidya R. , Adelgais Kathleen , Roosevelt Genie E. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectivesLumbar punctures (LPs) are commonly performed in febrile infants to evaluate for meningitis, and local anesthesia increases the likelihood of LP success. Traditional methods of local anesthesia require injection that may be painful or topical application that is not effective immediately. Recent advances in needle‐free jet injection may offer a rapid alternative to these modalities. We compared a needle‐free jet‐injection system (J‐Tip) with 1% buffered lidocaine to topical anesthetic (TA) cream for local anesthesia in infant LPs.MethodsThis was a single‐center randomized double‐blind trial of J‐Tip versus TA for infant LPs in an urban tertiary care children's hospital emergency department. A computer randomization model was used to allocate patients to either intervention. Patients aged 0 to 4 months were randomized to J‐Tip syringe containing 1% lidocaine and a placebo TA cream or J‐Tip syringe containing saline and TA. The primary outcome was the difference between the Neonatal Faces Coding Scale (NFCS) before the procedure and during LP needle insertion. Secondary outcomes included changes in heart rate (HR) and NFCS throughout the procedure, difficulty with LP, number of LP attempts, provider impression of pain control, additional use of lidocaine, skin changes at LP site, and LP success.ResultsWe enrolled 66 subjects; 32 were randomized to J‐Tip with lidocaine and 34 to EMLA. Six participants were excluded from the final analysis due to age greater than 4 months, and the remaining 58 were analyzed in their respective groups (32 J‐Tip, 34 TA). There was no difference detected in NFCS between the two treatment groups before the procedure and during needle insertion for the LP (p = 0.58, p = 0.37). Neither HR nor NCFS differed among the groups throughout the procedure. Median perception of pain control by the provider and the need for additional lidocaine were comparable across groups. LPs performed with a J‐Tip were twice as likely to be successful compared to those performed using TA (relative risk = 2.0; 95% confidence interval = 1.01–3.93; p = 0.04) with no difference in level of training or number of prior LPs performed by providers.ConclusionsIn a randomized controlled trial of two modalities for local anesthesia in infant LPs, J‐Tip was not superior to TA cream as measured by pain control or physiologic changes. Infant LPs performed with J‐Tip were twice as likely to be successful.
Reproductive phenology of two Mimusops species in relation to climate, tree diameter and canopy position in Benin (West Africa)
Authors: Sinasson Sanni Gisèle K. , Shackleton Charlie M. , Sinsin Brice 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAssessing species phenology provides useful understanding about their autecology, to contribute to management strategies. We monitored reproductive phenology of Mimusops andongensis and Mimusops kummel, and its relationship with climate, tree diameter and canopy position. We sampled trees in six diameter classes and noted their canopy position. For both species flowering began in the dry season through to the rainy season, but peaked in the dry season, whilst fruiting occurred in the rainy season and peaked during the most humid period. Flowering was positively correlated with temperature. Conversely, fruiting was negatively correlated with temperature and positively with rainfall, only in the Guineo‐Sudanian zone. For M. andongensis, flowering and fruiting prevalences were positively linked to stem diameter, while only flowering was significantly related to canopy position. For M. kummel, the relationship with stem diameter was significant for flowering prevalence only and in the Guineo‐Sudanian zone. Results suggest that phylogenetic membership is an important factor restricting Mimusops species phenology. Flowering and fruiting of both species are influenced by climate, and consequently climate change might shift their phenological patterns. Long‐term investigations, considering flowering and fruiting abortion, will help to better understand the species phenology and perhaps predict demographic dynamics.
Control and Abandonment: The Power of Surveillance on Refugees in Italy, During and After the Mare Nostrum Operation
Authors: Pinelli Barbara 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMigrants' daily arrivals to Italy's southern coasts and continuous shipwrecks in the Mediterranean have captured international media attention, producing a fixation on the scene of landing and a deliberate marginalization of what happens to migrants and refugees after the moment of landing. This paper aims to refocus analytical attention on the lives of asylum seekers after landing in Europe, breaking through the institutional silence that is cast upon the infrastructure of the camp, the logic of assistance and the bureaucratic waiting zone asylum seekers are stuck in. By documenting political changes in European and national policies, the paper reflects on the forms of institutional control and abandonment refugees are subjected to once they land in Italy, and are housed in the governmental camps and extraordinary structures which arose at the time of the Mare Nostrum Operation where strict discipline, carelessness, uncertainty and confusion intertwine.
Long‐term safety of adalimumab in clinical trials in adult patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis
Authors: Colombel J.‐F. , Sandborn W. J. , Reinisch W. , Peyrin‐Biroulet L. , Panaccione R. , Rutgeerts P. , Hanauer S. B. , Ghosh S. , Van Assche G. , Robinson A. M. , Lau W. , Maa J.‐F. , Huang B. , Pappalardo B. , Read H. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryBackgroundAdalimumab is used to treat moderate to severe Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) when conventional therapies fail.AimTo update long‐term adalimumab safety from CD and UC trials; the previous report was CD only, 3160 patients/3402 patient‐years (PYs).MethodsTreatment‐emergent adverse events (AEs; first dose to 70 days after last dose/December 31, 2015) in adults in phase 2/3 and 3/3b trials and open‐label extensions were coded using Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA‐v18.1). Rates were assessed as events/100 (E/100 PYs).ResultsThe database (16 trials; CD, N = 3606; UC, N = 1739) represented 4145 and 3397 PYs of exposure, respectively. For CD, incidences of any AEs with adalimumab were 60.8%‐65.1%, depending on dose, and 71.5% with placebo; for UC, the incidences were 53.5%‐54.8% and 56.1%, respectively. Rates of any AEs (CD, 605 E/100 PYs; UC, 361 E/100 PYs), serious AEs (CD, 36.1 E/100 PYs; UC, 18.9 E/100 PYs), and malignancies (CD, 1.2 E/100 PYs; UC, 1.0 E/100 PYs) were similar between current and prior analyses. Apparent rate of opportunistic infections was lowered to 0.3 and 0.2 E/100 PYs for CD and UC, respectively, by recent MedDRA changes excluding oral candidiasis and tuberculosis. Standardised incidence ratios for malignancies were similar to the general population (CD, 1.45 [95% CI, 0.90‐2.22]; UC, 1.36 [95% CI, 0.84‐2.07]). Demyelinating disorders were uncommon (CD, 0.1 E/100 PYs; UC, <0.1 E/100 PYs).ConclusionsPatients with moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis continued to experience acceptable safety with adalimumab, without new safety signals.
MicroRNA 26b promotes colorectal cancer metastasis by downregulating phosphatase and tensin homolog and wingless‐type MMTV integration site family member 5A
Authors: Fan Dejun , Lin Xutao , Zhang Feng , Zhong Weijie , Hu Jiancong , Chen Yufeng , Cai Zerong , Zou Yifeng , He Xiaowen , Chen Xiuting , Lan Ping , Wu Xiaojian 
Published: November 2017

Invasion and metastasis are crucially important factors in the survival of malignant tumors. Epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an early step in metastatic progression and the presence of cancer stem cells is closely related to tumor survival, proliferation, metastasis, and recurrence. Herein we report that ectopic overexpression of microRNA 26b (miR‐26b) in colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines promoted EMT and stem cell‐like phenotypes in vitro. Furthermore, miR‐26b directly targeted and suppressed multiple tumor suppressors, including phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and wingless‐type MMTV integration site family member 5A (WNT5A). Notably, miR‐26b is markedly upregulated in tumor samples from patients with lymphatic metastases. These results indicate that miR‐26b promotes CRC metastasis by downregulating PTEN and WNT5A, and may represent a therapeutic target for metastatic CRC.
Twin models of environmental and genetic influences on pubertal development, salivary testosterone, and estradiol in adolescence
Authors: Grotzinger Andrew D. , Mann Frank D. , Patterson Megan W. , Herzhoff Kathrin , Tackett Jennifer L. , Tucker‐Drob Elliot M. , Paige Harden K. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryObjectiveResearch on sources of variation in adolescent's gonadal hormone levels is limited. We sought to decompose individual differences in adolescent testosterone, estradiol, and pubertal status, into genetic and environmental components.DesignA sample of male and female adolescent twins from the greater Austin and Houston areas provided salivary samples, with a subset of participants providing longitudinal data at 2 waves.ParticipantsThe sample included 902 adolescent twins, 49% female, aged 13‐20 years (M = 15.91) from the Texas Twin Project. Thirty‐seven per cent of twin pairs were monozygotic; 30% were same‐sex dizygotic (DZ) pairs; and 33% were opposite‐sex DZ pairs.MeasurementsSaliva samples were assayed for testosterone and estradiol using chemiluminescence immunoassays. Pubertal status was assessed using self‐report. Biometric decompositions were performed using multivariate quantitative genetic models.ResultsGenetic factors contributed substantially to variation in testosterone in males and females in the follicular phase of their menstrual cycle (h2 = 60% and 51%, respectively). Estradiol was also genetically influenced in both sexes, but was predominately influenced by nonshared environmental factors. The correlation between testosterone and estradiol was mediated by a combination of genetic and environmental influences for males and females. Genetic and environmental influences on hormonal concentrations were only weakly correlated with self‐reported pubertal status, particularly for females.ConclusionsBetween‐person variability in adolescent gonadal hormones and their interrelationship reflects both genetic and environmental processes, with both testosterone and estradiol containing sizeable heritable components.