bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laboratory Experiments on the Effects of a Variable Current Field on the Spectral Geometry of Water Waves
Authors: Rapizo Henrique , Waseda Takuji , Babanin Alexander V. , Toffoli Alessandro 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLaboratory experiments were performed to investigate the effects of a coflowing current field on the spectral shape of water waves. The results indicate that refraction is the main factor in modulating wave height and overall wave energy. Although the structure of the current field varies considerably, some current-induced patterns in the wave spectrum are observed. In high frequencies, the energy cascading generated by nonlinear interactions is suppressed, and the development of a spectral tail is disturbed, as a consequence of the detuning of the four-wave resonance conditions. Furthermore, the presence of currents slows the downshifting of the spectral peak. The suppression of the high-frequency energy under the influence of currents is more prominent as the spectral steepness increases. The energy suppression is also more accentuated and long-standing along the fetch when the directional spreading of waves is sufficiently broad. This result indicates that the current-induced detuning of resonant conditions is more effective when exact resonances are the primary mechanism of nonlinear interactions than when quasi resonances prevail (directionally narrow cases). Additionally, the directional analysis shows that the highly variable currents broaden the directional spreading of waves. The broadening is suggested to be related to random refraction and scattering of wave rays. The random disturbance of wavenumbers alters the nonlinear interaction conditions and weakens the energy exchanges among wave components, which is expressed in the suppression of the high-frequency energy.
Borrowing legitimacy as English learner (EL) leaders: Indiana’s 14-year history with English language proficiency standards
Authors: Morita-Mullaney Trish 
Published: June 2016

English language proficiency or English language development (ELP/D) standards guide how content-specific instruction and assessment is practiced by teachers and how English learners (ELs) at varying levels of English proficiency can perform grade-level-specific academic standards in K–12 US schools. With the transition from the state-developed Indiana ELP/D standards adopted in 2003 to the World Class Instructional Design and Assessment (WIDA) English language development standards adopted in 2013, this paper explores Indiana’s ELP/D standard’s 14-year history and how its district EL/Bilingual district leaders have interpreted and implemented these two sets of standards between the school years 2002–03 and 2015–16. Using critical leadership and feminism within a narrative design, EL/Bilingual leaders illuminate distinct leadership logics as they mediate and implement ELP/D standards in their districts. Academic content standards are regarded with greater privilege, complicating how EL/Bilingual leaders can position ELP/D standards. Restricted by this standards hierarchy, EL/Bilingual leaders found limited educational venues in which to discuss the performance-based nature of ELP/D standards. Implications for assessment, policy, and leadership preparation are discussed.
Relationship between platelet parameters and hepatic pathology in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection – a retrospective cohort study of 677 patients
Authors: Pan Ye , Muheremu Aikeremujiang , Wu Xiaolu , Liu Jiajun 
Published: June 2016

Objective A retrospective study to determine the relationships between platelet parameters and inflammation and fibrosis of the liver in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHB). Methods Patients with liver biopsy-confirmed CHB were included in the study. Liver fibrosis and inflammation were assessed by histopathology of biopsied liver tissue. Platelet count (PLT), platelet distribution width (PDW) and mean platelet volume (MPV) were determined as part of routine blood tests. The relationship between inflammation and fibrosis and platelet parameters were analysed by multiple linear regression. Results The study included 677 patients. PLT and PDW accounted for 20.5% of liver inflammation. PLT and PDW accounted for 18.4% of liver fibrosis. Conclusion Platelet parameters can provide valuable information for the assessment of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis.
Temporal Changes in Cellular Repopulation and Collagen Fibril Remodeling and Regeneration After Allograft Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Takeuchi Hiroki , Niki Yasuo , Matsunari Hitomi , Umeyama Kazuhiro , Nagashima Hiroshi , Enomoto Hiroyuki , Toyama Yoshiaki , Matsumoto Morio , Nakamura Masaya 
Published: June 2016

Background: Distinguishing recipient cells from donor ligament cells is difficult in the early graft-healing phase after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The ability to track the distribution and differentiation of recipient cells using genetically engineered transgenic (Tg) animals would have significant clinical and research effects on graft healing after ACL reconstruction. Hypothesis: Kusabira-Orange Tg pigs may allow the tracking of recipient cells infiltrating the graft after ACL reconstruction. The repopulation of recipient cells within the graft would be apparent even in the early graft-healing phase when necrotic donor cells are still present. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: In 17 genetically engineered Tg pigs, which carried the red fluorescent protein Kusabira-Orange, ACL reconstruction was performed on the right knee using a digital flexor tendon harvested from wild-type pigs. Tissue samples harvested at different time points were subjected to histological, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic analyses. Results: At 3 weeks postoperatively, recipient cells expressing red fluorescence embraced the graft and were infiltrating the central part of the graft. These cells with oval nuclei gradually infiltrated the gap of collagen fibers, losing their regular orientation. At 6 weeks, cellularity within the graft had doubled to match that of the native ACL, while acellular necrotic regions still existed centrally. Ubiquitous cellular distributions resembling the native ACL were observed at 24 weeks. Electron microscopic analysis showed that the mean collagen fibril diameter and density gradually decreased over 24 weeks. Conclusion: Genetically engineered pigs carrying the Kusabira-Orange gene were useful animal models for analyzing intrinsic and extrinsic cellular dynamics during the course of graft healing after ACL reconstruction. Cellular repopulation by recipient cells occurred in the very early stage, and the cellular distribution within the graft resembled that in the native ACL by 24 weeks, but the reconstructed graft had not restored the ultrastructure of the native ACL by that stage. Clinical Relevance: In allograft ACL reconstruction in a pig model, cellular repopulation was completed by 24 weeks after surgery, but the collagen matrix had not resumed the ultrastructure of the native ACL. Surgeons should be aware that risks may remain with returning to sports activities at 24 weeks after surgery.
Social Work With Groups’ Practice Ethics and Standards
Authors: Lee Cheryl D. 
Published: June 2016

Objective: The purpose of this research was to (a) learn how confident social work students were with social work with groups’ ethics and standards, (b) explore strengths and challenges, (c) examine if group work experience impacts results, and (d) discover if confidence improved when the International Association of Social Work with Groups (IASWG) Standards became required class reading. Method: Social work students ( n = 234) were given the Inventory of Foundation Competencies in Social Work with Groups (IC-SWG) at the beginning and end of 15-week group work classes. Descriptive statistics, analyses of variance, and t tests were conducted. Results: Students’ scores improved from pretest to posttest ( p = .000). They were confident in their ability to respect and highly value diversity (mean = 3.5/4) but were challenged employing special skills with and understanding dynamics of mandated clients (2.99/4). Conclusion: Incorporation of the IASWG Standards and group work experience were associated with greater competencies. The IC-SWG identified challenges that can be addressed in classrooms, field internships, and group work practice settings.
Further observations on the behavioral and neural effects of bone marrow stromal cells in rodent pain models
Authors: Guo Wei , Chu Yu-Xia , Imai Satoshi , Yang Jia-Le , Zou Shiping , Mohammad Zaid , Wei Feng , Dubner Ronald , Ren Ke 
Published: June 2016

Background Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) have shown potential to treat chronic pain, although much still needs to be learned about their efficacy and mechanisms of action under different pain conditions. Here, we provide further convergent evidence on the effects of BMSCs in rodent pain models. Results In an orofacial pain model involving injury of a tendon of the masseter muscle, BMSCs attenuated behavioral pain conditions assessed by von Frey filaments and a conditioned place avoidance test in female Sprague-Dawley rats. The antihyperalgesia of BMSCs in females lasted for <8 weeks, which is shorter than that seen in males. To relate preclinical findings to human clinical conditions, we used human BMSCs. Human BMSCs (1.5 M cells, i.v.) attenuated mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia induced by spinal nerve ligation and suppressed spinal nerve ligation-induced aversive behavior, and the effect persisted through the 8-week observation period. In a trigeminal slice preparation, BMSC-treated and nerve-injured C57B/L mice showed reduced amplitude and frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents, as well as excitatory synaptic currents evoked by electrical stimulation of the trigeminal nerve root, suggesting inhibition of trigeminal neuronal hyperexcitability and primary afferent input by BMSCs. Finally, we observed that GluN2A (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 2A) tyrosine phosphorylation and protein kinase Cgamma (PKCγ) immunoreactivity in rostral ventromedial medulla was suppressed at 8 weeks after BMSC in tendon-injured rats. Conclusions Collectively, the present work adds convergent evidence supporting the use of BMSCs in pain control. As PKCγ activity related to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation is critical in opioid tolerance, these results help to understand the mechanisms of BMSC-produced long-term antihyperalgesia, which requires opioid receptors in rostral ventromedial medulla and apparently lacks the development of tolerance.
Demographic and socio-economic influences on community-based care and caregivers of people with dementia in China
Authors: Chen Ruoling , Lang Linda , Clifford Angela , Chen Yang , Hu Zhi , Han Thang S 
Published: June 2016

Background Dementia is a major public health challenge and China has the largest population with dementia in the world. However, dementia care and caregivers for Chinese are less investigated. Objectives and design To evaluate demographic and socio-economic influences on dementia care, management patterns and caregiver burden in a household community-dwelling-based survey, using participants’ care receipts and Zarit scale. Setting and participants Rural and urban communities across six provinces of China comprising 4837 residents aged ≥60 years, in whom 398 had dementia and 1312 non-dementia diseases. Results People with dementia were less likely to receive care if they were living in rural compared to urban areas (Odd ratio (OR) = 0.20; 95%CI: 0.10–0.41), having education level below compared to above secondary school (OR = 0.24; 95%CI: 0.08–0.70), manual labourer compared to non-manual workers (OR = 0.27; 95%CI: 0.13–0.55), having personal annual income below RMB 10,000 yuan (£1000) compared to above (OR = 0.37; 95%CI: 0.13–0.74) or having four or more than compared to less four children (OR = 0.52; 95%CI: 0.27–1.00). Caregivers for dementia compared with those for non-dementia diseases were younger and more likely to be patients’ children or children in-law, had lower education and spent more caring time. Caregiver burden increased with low education, cutback on work and caring for patients who were younger or living in rural areas, and this caregiver burden was three-fold greater than that for non-dementia diseases. Conclusions There are a number of inequalities in dementia care and caregiver burden in China. Reducing the socio-economic gap and increasing education may improve community care for people with dementia and preserve caregivers’ well-being.
A storm surge forecasting system for the Singapore Strait
Authors: Luu Quang-Hung , Tkalich Pavel , Choo Heng Kek , Wang Jiqin , Thompson Bijoy 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBeing a small low-lying island nation, Singapore has a high density population, recreational and industrial facilities along the coast. It is thus highly vulnerable to weather extremes including storm surges. Strong sea level surges due to the northeast monsoon when coinciding with spring tides may lead to coastal floods in the southwest regions of the South China Sea including Singapore Strait, with the heights of about 0.3-0.5 m observed from tidal records and satellite altimetry. We developed an operational system codenamed “Stormy” to provide storm surge forecasts for the Sunda Shelf with focus on the Singapore Strait for a lead time of 6–7 days. Stormy has been working operationally since February 2013, successfully capturing storm surge events on 19–30 December 2013 and 14–23 February 2014. Stormy’s web-based portal has an intuitive visual user interface which conveniently offers forecast products, including evolutional plan-view and time-series of storm surge heights compared with historical anomalies.
Synthesis and Structure of an Iron-Bromoalumanyl Complex with a Tri-Coordinated Aluminum Center
Authors: Agou Tomohiro , Yanagisawa Tatsuya , Sasamori Takahiro , Tokitoh Norihiro 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
An iron-bromoalumanyl complex with a tri-coordinated aluminum was synthesized. Its CO-stretching frequencies are shifted to lower-frequency region compared to those of the related boryl and gallyl complexes. Theoretical investigations suggested the importance of the Br–Al mesomeric effect on the stability of the alumanyl complex.
Field Measurements of Moisture Content in Black Spruce Logs with Unilateral Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Lamason Clevan , MacMillan Bryce , Balcom Bruce , Leblon Brigitte , Pirouz Zarin 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The development of portable unilateral magnetic resonance (UMR) devices permits nondestructive characterization of wood moisture content (MC) in the field. In this study, six Picea mariana Mill. logs were measured. UMR measurements of MC were taken in four different spots displaced 15 cm from the end of each log. UMR measurements were also taken at the midpoint longitudinally for three of the six logs.
The end goal of this study was to demonstrate a viable approach to estimating the whole-sample MC in the field. In the case of the species studied, there is a significant difference in MC between sapwood and heartwood regions. The sapwood MC is approximately three times greater than the heartwood MC. However, the volume of heartwood is greater than sapwood in wood logs. The sapwood region contains most of the water; therefore a measurement in the sapwood, coupled with sapwood-to-heartwood volume proportions and an estimate of heartwood MC, provide a viable estimate of bulk MC of logs.
Results indicate that both measurement spots (15 cm displaced from the end and at the midpoint longitudinally) give good predictions of log MC. The UMR measurement signal-to-noise ratio decreases and variability in the total sapwood signal of the four spots, displaced 15 cm from the end, increases as drying progresses. The increase in variability is because of the appearance of a drying front at some measurement spots. The UMR device and technique provide a good tool to measure MC of logs in the field.
An updated checklist of Pteridophytes of district Mansehra, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa-Pakistan
Authors: Gul Alia , Alam Jan , Ahmad Habib , Irfan Muhammad 
Published: June 2016

Critical examination of the pteridophytes of District Mansehra based on our own field surveys and previous literature as well revealed the occurrence of total 130 taxa distributed in 34 genera and 17 families. Of these, 23taxa are new records for the study area, while Polystichum obliquum (D. Don) T. Moore is reported for the first time for Pakistan. Nomenclatural reassessment of previously reported taxa suggests that 23 taxa are now synonyms. Habitat-wise, 68 taxa are terrestrial, while 54 are epilithic, 5exist as epiphytes and the remaining 3 are aquatic.
Characteristics of TlBr single crystals grown using the vertical Bridgman-Stockbarger method for semiconductor-based radiation detector applications
Authors: Jin Kim Dong , Oh Joon-Ho , Soo Kim Han , Soo Kim Young , Jeong Manhee , Goo Kang Chang , Jin Jo Woo , Choi Hyojeong , Guk Kim Jong , Hee Lee Seung , Ho Ha Jang 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTlBr single crystals grown using the vertical Bridgman-Stockbarger method were characterized for semiconductor based radiation detector applications. It has been shown that the vertical Bridgman-Stockbarger method is effective to grow high-quality single crystalline ingots of TlBr. The TlBr single crystalline sample, which was located 6 cm from the tip of the ingot, exhibited lower impurity concentration, higher crystalline quality, high enough bandgap (>2.7 eV), and higher resistivity (2.5 × 1011Ω·cm) which enables using the fabricated samples from the middle part of the TlBr ingot for fabricating high performance semiconductor radiation detectors.
Influence of ion irradiation on temperature dependent electrical transport behavior of thin graphite flakes
Authors: Khamaj Jabril A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this article, the influence of ion irradiation on temperature dependent electrical transport characteristics of thin graphite flakes was investigated. Thin graphite flakes were exfoliated by mechanical exfoliation method. Scanning electron microscopy was used to study surface morphology of the graphite flakes. The resistance versus temperature studies revealed that the graphite flake not subjected to Ga+ion-irradiation showed a perfect metallic behavior, while the graphite flake after ion-irradiation showed a semiconducting behavior. The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of bare and ion-irradiated graphite flakes were investigated. The bare graphite flake showed an ohmic-type I-V characteristics representing metallic behavior, while the ion-irradiated graphite flake showed a non-linear type diode-like characteristics. The temperature-dependent conductance measurements of ion-irradiated graphite flake were also performed and discussed in detail. The effect of Ga+ions on the electronic transport behavior of thin graphite flakes has been discussed based on the investigation results.
Effect of calcination temperature on the structural, optical and magnetic properties of pure and Fe-doped ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Pal Singh Raminder Preet , Hudiara I.S. , Bhushan Rana Shashi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn the present study, pure ZnO and Fe-doped ZnO (Zn0.97Fe0.03O) nanoparticles were synthesized by simple coprecipitation method with zinc acetate, ferric nitrate and sodium hydroxide precursors. Pure ZnO and Fe-doped ZnO were further calcined at 450 °C, 600 °C and 750 °C for 2 h. The structural, morphological and optical properties of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. The X-ray diffraction studies revealed that the as-synthesized pure and doped ZnO nanoparticles have hexagonal wurtzite structure. The average crystallite size was calculated using Debye-Scherrer’s formula. The particle size was found to be in nano range and increased with an increase in calcination temperature. SEM micrographs confirmed the formation of spherical nanoparticles. Elemental compositions of various elements in pure and doped ZnO nanoparticles were determined by EDX spectroscopy. UV-Vis absorption spectra showed red shift (decrease in band gap) with increasing calcination temperature. Effect of calcination on the magnetic properties of Fe-doped ZnO sample was also studied using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). M-H curves at room temperature revealed that coercivity and remanent polarization increase with an increase in calcination temperature from 450 °C to 750 °C, whereas reverse effect was observed for magnetization saturation.
Balancing neutrality and partiality in arbitration: discursive tensions in separate opinions
Authors: Breeze Ruth 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAlthough arbitration is increasingly being used to settle important disputes, particularly on an international level, little attention has focused on the language used by arbitrators. This article contains a qualitative analysis of the discursive moves and resources used in separate (dissenting and concurring) opinions published on the website of the International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes from 1987 to 2013. Arbitrators’ discursive practices in this forum are analyzed, with a particular focus on the tensions that arise between the need to sustain the arbitral system and maintain professional relations, on the one hand, and the equally pressing need to display commitment to the losing party’s cause, on the other. These tensions have parallels in other areas of legal practice and professional life, and can be understood as part of the way power systems operate and replicate through discourse.
A discursive analytical path of appellate court opinions: evaluation of ideological positioning in Bush v. Gore 2000
Authors: Chen Ruina , Liu Haitao 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAppellate court opinions are written records based on the debates and discussions on hard cases among nine Justices in the US Supreme Court. This important genre type resists any easy paradigm of examination due to its extreme complexity in both language and law. In this paper, we propose an analytical path built upon White’s framework (
Conceptualizing the economy as a living organism: vivification in Arab economic discourse
Authors: Domaradzki Mikolaj 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe present paper is a corpus-based inquiry into the importance of vivification for producing a systematic and persuasive Arab economic discourse. Thus, this article examines how and why the economy is metaphorically conceptualized in modern Arabic as a Living Organism that can be said to ‘grow’, ‘revive’, etc. Having analyzed the frequency with which the various instantiations of this generic metaphor appear in Arab economic discourse, the paper goes on to discuss the value judgments that they convey. The analogy between a living organism and an economy is shown to induce very specific evaluations of such conditions as ‘growing’ or ‘being revived’. Hence, vivification is demonstrated to play a vital role in providing Arab economic discourse with textual cohesion. Although this article argues for the universal bodily grounding of the Economy Is A Living Organism metaphor, it also shows this experiential basis to be subject to cultural interpretation. The analyses carried out here suggest that projecting such physical concepts as those of ‘growth’ or ‘revival’ onto the social domain of economics entails that they are interpreted in accordance with the particular social interests of a given community.