bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression and clinical value of EGFR in human meningiomas
Authors: Arnli Magnus B. , Backer-Grøndahl Thomas , Ytterhus Borgny , Granli Unn S. , Lydersen Stian , Gulati Sasha , Torp Sverre H. 
Published: March 2017

Background
Meningiomas are common intracranial tumors in humans that frequently recur despite having a predominantly benign nature. Even though these tumors have been shown to commonly express EGFR/c-erbB1 (epidermal growth factor receptor), results from previous studies are uncertain regarding the expression of either intracellular or extracellular domains, cellular localization, activation state, relations to malignancy grade, and prognosis.

Aims
This study was designed to investigate the expression of the intracellular and extracellular domains of EGFR and of the activated receptor as well as its ligands EGF and TGFα in a large series of meningiomas with long follow-up data, and investigate if there exists an association between antibody expression and clinical and histological data.

Methods
A series of 186 meningiomas consecutively operated within a 10-year period was included. Tissue microarrays were constructed and immunohistochemically analyzed with antibodies targeting intracellular and extracellular domains of EGFR, phosphorylated receptor, and EGF and TGFα. Expression levels were recorded as a staining index (SI).

Results
Positive immunoreactivity was observed for all antibodies in most cases. There was in general high SIs for the intracellular domain of EGFR, phosphorylated EGFR, EGF, and TGFα but lower for the extracellular domain. Normal meninges were negative for all antibodies. Higher SIs for the phosphorylated EGFR were observed in grade II tumors compared with grade I (p = 0.018). Survival or recurrence was significantly decreased in the time to recurrence analysis (TTR) with high SI-scores of the extracellular domain in a univariable survival analysis (HR 1.152, CI (1.036–1.280, p = 0.009)). This was not significant in a multivariable analysis. Expression of the other antigens did not affect survival.

Conclusion
EGFR is overexpressed and in an activated state in human meningiomas. High levels of ligands also support this growth factor receptor system to be involved in meningioma tumorigenesis. EGFR may be a potential candidate for targeted therapy.
Low stress drops observed for aftershocks of the 2011 Mw 5.7 Prague, Oklahoma, earthquake
Authors: Sumy Danielle F. , Neighbors Corrie J. , Cochran Elizabeth S. , Keranen Katie M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn November 2011, three Mw ≥ 4.8 earthquakes and thousands of aftershocks occurred along the structurally complex Wilzetta fault system near Prague, Oklahoma. Previous studies suggest that wastewater injection induced a Mw 4.8 foreshock, which subsequently triggered a Mw 5.7 mainshock. We examine source properties of aftershocks with a standard Brune‐type spectral model and jointly solve for seismic moment (M0), corner frequency (f0), and kappa (κ) with an iterative Gauss‐Newton global downhill optimization method. We examine 934 earthquakes with initial moment magnitudes (Mw) between 0.33 and 4.99 based on the pseudospectral acceleration and recover reasonable M0, f0, and κ for 87 earthquakes with Mw 1.83–3.51 determined by spectral fit. We use M0 and f0 to estimate the Brune‐type stress drop, assuming a circular fault and shear‐wave velocity at the hypocentral depth of the event. Our observations suggest that stress drops range between 0.005 and 4.8 MPa with a median of 0.2 MPa (0.03–26.4 MPa with a median of 1.1 MPa for Madariaga‐type), which is significantly lower than typical eastern United States intraplate events (>10 MPa). We find that stress drops correlate weakly with hypocentral depth and magnitude. Additionally, we find the stress drops increase with time after the mainshock, although temporal variation in stress drop is difficult to separate from spatial heterogeneity and changing event locations. The overall low median stress drop suggests that the fault segments may have been primed to fail as a result of high pore fluid pressures, likely related to nearby wastewater injection.
Tsunami‐driven gravity waves in the presence of vertically varying background and tidal wind structures
Authors: Laughman B. , Fritts D. C. , Lund T. S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMany characteristics of tsunami‐driven gravity waves (TDGWs) enable them to easily propagate into the thermosphere and ionosphere with appreciable amplitudes capable of producing detectable perturbations in electron densities and total electron content. The impact of vertically varying background and tidal wind structures on TDGW propagation is investigated with a series of idealized background wind profiles to assess the relative importance of wave reflection, critical‐level approach, and dissipation. These numerical simulations employ a 2‐D nonlinear anelastic finite‐volume neutral atmosphere model which accounts for effects accompanying vertical gravity wave (GW) propagation such as amplitude growth with altitude. The GWs are excited by an idealized tsunami forcing with a 50 cm sea surface displacement, a 400 km horizontal wavelength, and a phase speed of 200 ms−1 consistent with previous studies of the tsunami generated by the 26 December 2004 Sumatra earthquake. Results indicate that rather than partial reflection and trapping, the dominant process governing TDGW propagation to thermospheric altitudes is refraction to larger and smaller vertical scales, resulting in respectively larger and smaller vertical group velocities and respectively reduced and increased viscous dissipation. Under all considered background wind profiles, TDGWs were able to attain ionospheric altitudes with appreciable amplitudes. Finally, evidence of nonlinear effects is observed and the conditions leading to their formation is discussed.
Temperature changes in Three Gorges Reservoir Area and linkage with Three Gorges Project
Authors: Song Zhen , Liang Shunlin , Feng Lian , He Tao , Song Xiao‐Peng , Zhang Lei 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe Three Gorges Project (TGP) is one of the largest hydroelectric projects throughout the world. It has brought many benefits to the society but also led to endless debates about its environmental and climatic impacts. Monitoring the spatiotemporal variations of temperature in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA) is important for understanding the climatic impacts of the TGP. In this study, we used remote sensing‐based land surface temperature (LST) and ground‐measured air temperature data to investigate temperature changes in the TGRA. Results showed that during the daytime in summer, LST exhibited significant cooling (1–5°C) in the downstream region of the reservoir, whereas LST during the nighttime in winter exhibited significant warming (1–5°C) across the entire reservoir. However, these cooling and warming effects were both locally constrained within 5 km buffer along the reservoir. The changes in air temperature were consistent with those in LST, with 0.67°C cooling in summer and 0.33°C warming in winter. The temperature changes along the reservoir not only resulted from the land‐water conversion induced by the dam impounding but were also related to the increase of vegetation cover caused by the ecological restoration projects. Significant warming trends were also found in the upstream of TGRA, especially during the daytime in summer, with up to 5°C for LST and 0.52°C for air temperature. The warming was caused mainly by urban expansion, which was driven in part by the population resettlement of TGP. Based on satellite observations, we investigated the comprehensive climatic impacts of TGP caused by multiple factors.
Summertime upper tropospheric nitrous oxide over the Mediterranean as a footprint of Asian emissions
Authors: Kangah Yannick , Ricaud Philippe , Attié Jean‐Luc , Saitoh Naoko , Hauglustaine Didier A. , Wang Rong , El Amraoui Laaziz , Zbinden Régina , Delon Claire 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to study the transport of nitrous oxide (N2O) from the Asian surface to the eastern Mediterranean Basin (MB). We used measurements from the spectrometer Thermal and Near infrared Sensor for carbon Observation Fourier transform spectrometer on board the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) over the period of 2010–2013. We also used the outputs from the chemical transport model LMDz‐OR‐INCA over the same period. By comparing GOSAT upper tropospheric retrievals to aircraft measurements from the High‐performance Instrumented Airborne Platform for Environmental Research Pole‐to‐Pole Observations, we calculated a GOSAT High‐performance Instrumented Airborne Platform for Environmental Research standard deviation (SD error) of ~2.0 ppbv for a single pixel and a mean bias of approximately −1.3 ppbv (approximately −0.4%). This SD error is reduced to ~0.1 ppbv when we average the pixels regionally and monthly over the MB. The use of nitrogen fertilizer coupled with high soil humidity during the summer Asian monsoon produces high N2O emissions, which are transported from Asian surfaces to the eastern MB. This summertime enrichment over the eastern MB produces a maximum in the difference between the eastern and the western MB upper tropospheric N2O (east‐west difference) in July in both the measurements and the model. N2O over the eastern MB can therefore be considered as a footprint of Asian summertime emissions. However, the peak‐to‐peak amplitude of the east‐west difference observed by GOSAT (~1.4 ± 0.3 ppbv) is larger than that calculated by LMDz‐OR‐INCA (~0.8 ppbv). This is due to an underestimation of N2O emissions in the model and to a relatively coarse spatial resolution of the model that tends to underestimate the N2O accumulation into the Asian monsoon anticyclone.
A modeling study of secondary organic aerosol formation from sesquiterpenes using the STOCHEM global chemistry and transport model
Authors: Khan M. A. H. , Jenkin M. E. , Foulds A. , Derwent R. G. , Percival C. J. , Shallcross D. E. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSesquiterpenes are one of the precursors of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) which can be an important global sources of organic aerosol (OA). Updating the chemistry scheme in the global chemistry transport model by incorporating an oxidation mechanism for β‐caryophyllene (representing all sesquiterpenes), adding global sesquiterpene emissions of 29 Tg/yr, and revising global monoterpene emissions up to 162 Tg/yr [Guenther et al., 2012] led to an increase of SOA burden by 95% and SOA production rate by 106% relative to the base case described in Utembe et al. [2011]. Including the emissions of sesquiterpenes resulted in increase of SOA burden of 0.11 Tg and SOA production rate of 12.9 Tg/yr relative to the base case. The highest concentrations of sesquiterpene‐derived SOA (by up to 1.2 μg/m3) were found over central Africa and South America, the regions having high levels of biogenic emissions with significant biomass burning. In the updated model simulation, the multigeneration oxidation products from sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes transported above the boundary layer and condensed to the aerosol phase at higher altitude led to an increase of OA by up to 30% over the tropics and northern midlatitude to higher altitude. The model evaluation showed an underestimation of model OA mostly for the campaigns dominated by regional anthropogenic pollution. The increase of SOA production from sesquiterpenes reduced the discrepancies between modeled and observed OA concentrations over the remote and rural areas. The increase of SOA concentrations by up to 200% from preindustrial to present scenarios was found over the tropical oceans.
Continental crust anisotropy measurements from tectonic tremor in Cascadia
Authors: Huesca‐Pérez Eduardo , Ortega Roberto , Valenzuela Raúl W. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe present new observations of crustal anisotropy in the southern Cascadia fore arc from tectonic tremor. The abundance of tremor activity in Oregon and northern California during slow‐slip events offers an enormous amount of information with which to measure and analyze anisotropy in the upper brittle continental crust. To accomplish this, we performed analyses of wave polarization and shear wave splitting of tectonic tremor signals by using three component broadband seismic stations. The splitting times range between 0.11 and 0.32 s and are consistent with typical values observed in the continental crust. Fast polarization azimuths are, in general, margin parallel and trend N‐S, which parallels the azimuths of the maximum compressive stresses observed in this region. This pattern is likely to be controlled by the stress field. Comparatively, the anisotropic structure of fast directions observed in the northern section of the Cascadia margin is oblique with respect to the southern section of Cascadia, which, in general, trends E‐W and is mainly controlled by active faulting and geological structures. Source distribution analysis using a bivariate normal distribution that expresses the distribution of tremors in a preferred direction shows that in northern California and Oregon, the population of tremors tends to distribute parallel to fast polarization azimuths and maximum compressive stresses, suggesting that both tremor propagation and anisotropy are influenced by the stress field. Results show that the anisotropy reflects an active tectonic process that involves the northward movement of the Oregon Block, which is rotating as a rigid body. In northern Cascadia, previous results of anisotropy show that the crust is undergoing a shortening process due to velocity differences between the Oregon Block and the North America plate, which is moving more slowly with respect to the Oregon Block, making it clash against Vancouver Island.
Uncertainty quantification and predictability of wind speed over the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Fernández‐González S. , Martín M. L. , Merino A. , Sánchez J. L. , Valero F. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDuring recent decades, the use of probabilistic forecasting methods has increased markedly. However, these predictions still need improvement in uncertainty quantification and predictability analysis. For this reason, the main aim of this paper is to develop tools for quantifying uncertainty and predictability of wind speed over the Iberian Peninsula. To achieve this goal, several spread indexes extracted from an ensemble prediction system are defined in this paper. Subsequently, these indexes were evaluated with the aim of selecting the most appropriate for the characterization of uncertainty associated to the forecasting. Selection is based on comparison of the average magnitude of ensemble spread (ES) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). MAPE is estimated by comparing the ensemble mean with wind speed values from different databases. Later, correlation between MAPE and ES was evaluated. Furthermore, probability distribution functions (PDFs) of spread indexes are analyzed to select the index with greater similarity to MAPE PDFs. Then, the spread index selected as optimal is used to carry out a spatiotemporal analysis of model uncertainty in wind forecasting. The results indicate that mountainous regions and the Mediterranean coast are characterized by strong uncertainty, and the spread increases more rapidly in areas affected by strong winds. Finally, a predictability index is proposed for obtaining a tool capable of providing information on whether the predictability is higher or lower than average. The applications developed may be useful in the forecasting of wind potential several days in advance, with substantial importance for estimating wind energy production.
An Innovative Freeze‐Dried Reduced Graphene Oxide Supported SnS2 Cathode Active Material for Aluminum‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hu Yuxiang , Luo Bin , Ye Delai , Zhu Xiaobo , Lyu Miaoqiang , Wang Lianzhou 
Published: March 2017

AbstractRechargeable aluminum‐ion batteries (AIBs) are attractive new generation energy storage devices due to its low cost, high specific capacity, and good safety. However, the lack of suitable electrode materials with high capacity and enhanced rate performance makes it difficult for real applications. Herein, the preparation of 3D reduced graphene oxide‐supported SnS2 nanosheets hybrid is reported as a new type of cathode material for AIBs. The resultant material demonstrates one of the highest capacities of 392 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 and good cycling stability. It is revealed that the layered SnS2 nanosheets anchored on 3D reduced graphene oxide network endows the composite not only high electronic conductivity but also fast kinetic diffusion pathway. As a result, the hybrid material exhibits high rate performance (112 mAh g−1 at 1000 mA g−1). The detailed characterization also verifies the intercalation and deintercalation of relatively large chloroaluminate anions into the layered SnS2 during the charge–discharge process, which is important for better understanding of the electrochemical process of AIBs.
Cyanotrifluoromethylthiolation of Unactivated Olefins through Intramolecular Cyano Migration
Authors: Ji Meishan , Wu Zhen , Yu Jiajia , Wan Xiaobing , Zhu Chen 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA new protocol for the elusive cyanotrifluoromethylthiolation of unactivated olefins is described. A broad range of vicinal CF3S‐substituted alkyl nitriles are furnished in good yields under mild reaction conditions. The intramolecular cyano migration strategy is harnessed for the trifluoromethylthiolation of alkenes for the first time, thus offering an efficient tool for the construction of alkyl trifluoromethylthioethers.magnified image
Clinical presentation and outcomes of patients with type 1 monoclonal cryoglobulinemia
Authors: Sidana Surbhi , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Dispenzieri Angela , Lacy Martha Q. , Gertz Morie A. , Buadi Francis K. , Hayman Suzanne R. , Dingli David , Kapoor Prashant , Gonsalves Wilson I. , Go Ronald S. , Hwa Yi Lisa , Leung Nelson , Fonder Amie L. , Hobbs Miriam A. , Zeldenrust Steven R. , Russell Stephen J. , Lust John A. , Kyle Robert A. , Kumar Shaji K. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe describe a series of 102 patients diagnosed from January 1, 1990 to December 31, 2015 with Type 1 monoclonal cryoglobulinemia (MoC). Symptoms were seen in 89 (87%) patients, including: cutaneous symptoms in 64 (63%) patients, with purpura (n = 43, 42%) and ulcers/gangrene (n = 35, 34%) being most common; neurological findings in 33 (32%) patients, most frequently sensory neuropathy (n = 24, 24%); vasomotor symptoms, mainly Raynaud's phenomenon in 25 (25%); arthralgias in 24 (24%); and renal manifestations, primarily glomerulonephritis in 14 (14%) patients. An underlying lymphoproliferative disorder was identified in 94 (92%) subjects; MGUS—39, myeloma—20, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma—21 and others—14. Treatment was initiated in 73 (72%) patients, primarily for cryoglobulinemia‐related symptoms in 57. Treatment regimens consisted of: steroids ± alkylating agents in 29 (40%), novel myeloma therapies in 16 (22%), rituximab with alkylating agents in 12 (16%) and rituximab ± steroids in 11 (15%) patients; 22 patients received plasmapheresis. Six patients underwent autologous stem cell transplant. Cryocrit at treatment initiation, change in cryocrit and time to nadir cryocrit were predictive of symptom improvement. Treatment directed toward the underlying clonal disorder resulted in improvement (n = 47) or stabilization (n = 16) of symptoms in the majority of patients and disappearance of cryoglobulin in over one‐half.
“Molecular Activity Painting”: schaltbare, lichtgesteuerte Manipulation in lebenden Zellen
Authors: Chen Xi , Venkatachalapathy Muthukumaran , Kamps Dominic , Weigel Simone , Kumar Ravi , Orlich Michael , Garrecht Ruben , Hirtz Michael , Niemeyer Christof M. , Wu Yao‐Wen , Dehmelt Leif 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDie akute subzelluläre Rekrutierung von Proteinen ist eine leistungsfähige Methode zur Untersuchung biologischer Netzwerke. Hoch‐dynamische Signalprozesse an der Plasmamembran können bisher jedoch nur bedingt räumlich und zeitlich untersucht werden. Insbesondere durch laterale Diffusion an der Plasmamembran ist eine anhaltende lokale Steuerung molekularer Funktionen schwer zu realisieren. Hier wird die “Molekulare‐Aktivitäts‐Malerei” (Molecular Activity Painting, MAP) vorgestellt, eine neuartige Technik, die photoaktivierbare chemisch induzierte Dimerisierung (pCID) mit immobilisierten künstlichen Rezeptoren kombiniert. Die Immobilisierung der künstlichen Rezeptoren durch oberflächengebundene Antikörper hemmt die laterale Diffusion. Hierdurch wird schnelles und stabiles Malen (Painting) von Signalmolekülen und deren Aktivität an der Plasmamembran im Mikrometermaßstab ermöglicht. Stabiles Malen des RhoA‐Myosin‐Aktivators GEF‐H1 kann kontraktile Actomyosin‐Strukturen in lebenden Zellen induzieren.
Li47B3P14N42—A Lithium Nitridoborophosphate with [P3N9]12−, [P4N10]10−, and the Unprecedented [B3P3N13]15− Ion
Authors: Bertschler Eva‐Maria , Bräuniger Thomas , Dietrich Christian , Janek Jürgen , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: March 2017

AbstractLi47B3P14N42, the first lithium nitridoborophosphate, is synthesized by two different routes using a Li3N flux enabling a complete structure determination by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data. Li47B3P14N42 comprises three different complex anions: a cyclic [P3N9]12−, an adamantane‐like [P4N10]10−, and the novel anion [P3B3N13]15−. [P3B3N13]15− is the first species with condensed B/N and P/N substructures. Rietveld refinement, 6Li, 7Li, 11B, and 31P solid‐state NMR spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, EDX measurements, and elemental analyses correspond well with the structure model from single‐crystal XRD. To confirm the mobility of Li+ ions, their possible migration pathways were evaluated and the temperature‐dependent conductivity was determined by impedance spectroscopy. With the Li3N flux route we gained access to a new class of lithium nitridoborophosphates, which could have a great potential for unprecedented anion topologies with interesting properties.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Fluorosulfonylvinylation of Organic Iodides
Authors: Zha Gao‐Feng , Zheng Qinheng , Leng Jing , Wu Peng , Qin Hua‐Li , Sharpless K. Barry 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed fluorosulfonylvinylation reaction of organic iodides is described. Catalytic Pd(OAc)2 with a stoichiometric amount of silver(I) trifluoroacetate enables the coupling process between either an (hetero)aryl or alkenyl iodide with ethenesulfonyl fluoride (ESF). The method is demonstrated in the successful syntheses of eighty‐eight otherwise difficult to access compounds, in up to 99 % yields, including the unprecedented 2‐heteroarylethenesulfonyl fluorides and 1,3‐dienylsulfonyl fluorides.
Consensus Control of Fractional‐Order Systems Based on Delayed State Fractional Order Derivative
Authors: Liu Xueliang , Zhang Zhi , Liu Huazhu 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this paper, the delayed state fractional order derivative (DSFOD) is introduced into the existing traditional consensus protocol aiming to improve the robustness of fractional‐order multi‐agent systems against communication time delay. Both of communication channels with time‐delay and without time‐delay cases are considered. Based on the frequency‐domain analysis and algebraic graph theory, it is shown that properly choosing the intensity of DSFOD can improve the robustness of fractional‐order multi‐agent systems against communication delay. Finally, a simulated example with simulations is presented to confirm the correctness and effectiveness of the theoretical results.