bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incarceration of the Gravid Uterus
Authors: Shnaekel Kelsey L. , Wendel Michael P. , Rabie Nader Z. , Magann Everett F. 
Published: October 2016

Objective
The aim of this review was to describe the risk factors, clinical and radiographic criteria, and management of this rare complication of pregnancy.

Methods
A PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL search was undertaken with no limitations on the number of years searched.

Results
There were 60 articles identified, with 53 articles being the basis of this review. Multiple risk factors have been suggested in the literature including retroverted uterus in the first trimester, deep sacral concavity with an overlying sacral promontory, endometriosis, previous abdominal or pelvic surgery, pelvic or uterine adhesions, ovarian cysts, leiomyomas, multifetal gestation, uterine anomalies, uterine prolapse, and uterine incarceration in a prior pregnancy. The diagnosis is difficult to make owing to the nonspecific presenting symptoms. The diagnosis is clinical and confirmed by imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging is superior to ultrasound to accurately diagnose and elucidate the distorted maternal anatomy. Treatment is dictated by gestational age at diagnosis based on risks and benefits. The recommended route of delivery is cesarean delivery when uterine polarity cannot be corrected.

Conclusions
Incarceration of the gravid uterus is a rare but serious complication of pregnancy. The diagnosis is clinical and confirmed with imaging, with magnetic resonance imaging being superior to delineate the distorted maternal anatomy. Reduction of the incarcerated uterus should be attempted to restore polarity and avoid unnecessary cesarean delivery.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians

Learning Objectives
After completing this activity, the learner should be better able to evaluate the published literature regarding incarceration of the gravid uterus and associated outcomes, differentiate normal and pathologic anatomy on various imaging modalities, determine the most beneficial treatment strategy based on gestational age, and review recommendations regarding management of subsequent pregnancies.
Evidence for a Teratogenic Risk in the Offspring of Health Personnel Exposed to Ionizing Radiation?!
Authors: Wiesel Awi , Stolz Gabriela , Queisser-Wahrendorf Annette 
Published: October 2016

(Abstracted from Birth Defects Res A 2016;106:475–479)
The adverse effects of ionizing radiation are known through studies on animal models, and further investigations are required to evaluate teratogenic effects and to develop effective protection measures. An exploratory finding from a study undertaken in 2011 revealed teratogenic effects on the infants of mothers working in the medical field, wearing a dosimeter, and potentially exposed to ionizing radiation.
Predictability of Biometry in Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery
Authors: Sorkin Nir , Rosenblatt Amir , Barequet Irina S. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To compare measurements of axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), keratometry (K), and the refractive predictability of the Aladdin and IOLMaster biometry devices in cataract surgery patients.

Methods
A retrospective observational study of eyes undergoing cataract surgery. Data were retrieved on AL, ACD, and K measurements obtained by the Aladdin and the IOLMaster. Furthermore, the postoperative refractive prediction errors were compared between the devices.

Results
The study included 127 consecutive eyes of 127 patients undergoing cataract surgery. Mean measurements of AL were not significantly different between the Aladdin (24.18 ± 1.89 mm) and IOLMaster (24.18 ± 1.89 mm) (p = 0.792). Mean K measurements were different between Aladdin (43.84 ± 1.56 D) and IOLMaster (43.97 ± 1.61 D) (p < 0.001). For AL, Aladdin measurements correlated strongly with IOLMaster measurements (r = 0.9997). For K, Aladdin measurements correlated strongly with IOLMaster measurements (r = 0.9912). Fifty-eight of the 127 eyes underwent cataract surgery with a monofocal intraocular lens. For these, mean absolute error (MAE) in predicting refraction relative to the measured postoperative refraction differed between Aladdin (MAE = 0.54 ± 0.40D) and IOLMaster (MAE = 0.49 ± 0.41D) (p = 0.001). After adjustment for the systematic difference in K measurements, the difference in MAE was no longer significant (p = 0.601). The ACD measurements did not differ significantly (p = 0.873) and were well correlated (r = 0.8327).

Conclusions
A very good correlation was found in AL, K, and ACD measurements between the Aladdin biometer and the IOLMaster. Minimal adjustment for the constant difference in keratometry measurements matched the refractive predictability of both devices.
Vision Recovery Despite Retinal Ganglion Cell Loss in Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Webber Ann L. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To report vision recovery in a single case of Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) (mtDNA14484/ND6 mutation) with longitudinal documentation of retinal ganglion cell layer by ocular coherence tomography (OCT) that includes the pre-onset, acute, and chronic stages of vision loss.

Case Report
We report LHON in a 16-year-old male patient with Type 1 diabetes and known and documented family history of LHON. The patient presented with best-corrected visual acuities of right eye 20/150 and left eye 20/25−. His retinal nerve fiber layer had thickened compared with baseline measures obtained 19 months before the onset of vision loss. Vision rapidly reduced to “hand movements” vision in each eye over the following 2 months. Despite OCT-documented significant recalcitrant loss of ganglion cell layer, visual acuity remarkably recovered to right eye 20/40+ left eye 20/50+ 16 months after onset of neuropathy.

Conclusions
A selective loss of ganglion cells and nerve fiber layer can be documented in LHON. Significant recovery of visual acuity can occur without apparent structural recovery.
A Novel Method for Anti-HLA Antibody Detection Using Personalized Peptide Arrays
Authors: Liu Pan , Souma Tomokazu , Wei Andrew Zu-Sern , Xie Xueying , Luo Xunrong , Jin Jing 
Published: October 2016

Background
HLA mismatches are the primary cause of alloantibody-mediated rejection (AMR) in organ transplantation. To delineate antigenic and immunogenic potentials among individual HLA mismatches, information regarding antibody specificity at the epitope level, instead of the allelic level, is needed.

Methods
This study explores a direct screening method for HLA linear epitopes in kidney transplant patients. We custom synthesized a large panel of 15-residue HLA peptides in an array format and measured alloantibody reactivity to these peptides from the sera of post and/or pretransplant patients. Two design concepts for the arrays were followed: a standard array of a fixed panel of peptides or personalized arrays. The standard array contains 420 peptides derived from a predetermined set of HLA-DQ allelic antigens based on templates also used in the single-antigen beads assay.

Results
The array detected distinct antiserum patterns among transplant subjects and revealed epitope levels of specificity largely in accordance with the single-antigen results. Two personalized arrays that each included donor-derived peptides of HLA-A, -B, -C, -DQ, and -DR sequences were separately designed for 2 transplant subjects. The personalized arrays detected de novo antibodies following transplantation. The new method also showed superior sensitivity to a single-antigen assay in one of the cases whose pathological diagnosis of AMR occurred before single-antigen assay could detect antibodies.

Conclusions
This pilot study proved the feasibility of using personalized peptide arrays to achieve detection of alloantibodies for linear HLA epitopes associated with distinct donor-recipient mismatches. Single or multiple reactive epitopes may occur on an individual HLA molecule, and donor-specific HLA-DQ-reactivity among 5 kidney transplant subjects revealed patterns of shared epitopes.
Single Cell Phenotyping Reveals Heterogeneity among Haematopoietic Stem Cells Following Infection
Authors: MacLean Adam L , Smith Maia A , Liepe Juliane , Sim Aaron , Khorshed Reema , Rashidi Narges M , Scherf Nico , Krinner Axel , Roeder Ingo , Celso Cristina Lo , Stumpf Michael PH 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche provides essential micro-environmental cues for the production and maintenance of HSCs within the bone marrow. During inflammation, haematopoietic dynamics are perturbed, but it is not known whether changes to the HSC-niche interaction occur as a result. We visualise HSCs directly in vivo, enabling detailed analysis of the 3D niche dynamics and migration patterns in murine bone marrow followingTrichinella spiralisinfection. Spatial statistical analysis of these HSC trajectories reveals two distinct modes of HSC behaviour: (i) a pattern of revisiting previously explored space, and (ii) a pattern of exploring new space. Whereas HSCs from control donors predominantly follow pattern (i), those from infected mice adopt both strategies. Using detailed computational analyses of cell migration tracks and life-history theory, we show that the increased motility of HSCs following infection can, perhaps counterintuitively, enable mice to cope better in deteriorating HSC-niche micro-environments following infection.Author SummaryHaematopoietic stem cells reside in the bone marrow where they are crucially maintained by an incompletely-determined set of niche factors. Recently it has been shown that chronic infection profoundly affects haematopoiesis by exhausting stem cell function, but these changes have not yet been resolved at the single cell level. Here we show that the stem cell–niche interactions triggered by infection are heterogeneous whereby cells exhibit different behavioural patterns: for some, movement is highly restricted, while others explore much larger regions of space over time. Overall, cells from infected mice display higher levels of persistence. This can be thought of as a search strategy: during infection the signals passed between stem cells and the niche may be blocked or inhibited. Resultantly, stem cells must choose to either ‘cling on’, or to leave in search of a better environment. The heterogeneity that these cells display has immediate consequences for translational therapies involving bone marrow transplant, and the effects that infection might have on these procedures.
Environmental turbulence: impact on UK SMEs’ manufacturing priorities
Authors: Sainidis Eustathios , Robson Andrew 
Published: October 2016

PurposeThis paper aims to assess the impact of 2008 recession (Great Recession)-led environmental turbulence on the manufacturing small and medium enterprise (SME) sector and its related competitive priorities.Design/methodology/approachA mixed methods research strategy, consisting of a survey of 104 manufacturing SMEs located in the UK, complemented by 17 in-depth interviews with senior management representatives from this survey group.FindingsSenior managers have prompted a realignment of competitive manufacturing priorities accounting for external financial and market conditions. Differing competitive priorities post-recession are given to various areas of manufacturing decision-making, the greatest impact being on manufacturing costs. Manufacturing flexibility, performance in meeting customer deliveries and enhancing supplier selection are merited to increase priority with relatively little change for process technology, quality and environmental practices.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample of survey participants was relatively small, therefore prohibiting an assessment of differences in competitive priorities by sub-sectors of manufacturing SMEs. This was offset by a healthy number of informative, in-depth interviews that provided a richness of examples and insight into the shifting priorities for the sector.Practical implicationsClear priorities have emerged around reducing manufacturing costs, being more flexible in manufacturing and improving outward performance relating to customers and suppliers.Originality/valueThis builds on established manufacturing strategy constructs and points to necessary competitive priority realignment focused on the performance areas listed above.
The effects of logic replacement in coal-mining disaster: the case of Soma
Authors: Kaya Cigdem , Kartaltepe Behram Nihal , Ataman Göksel 
Published: October 2016

PurposeDrawing from the institutional logics and organizational disaster literature, this paper aims to illustrate that the replacement of logics can be problematic in a high-risk industry such as coal mining by adding an institutional perspective to the understanding of disasters.Design/methodology/approachThis paper investigated the field of coal mining in Turkey historically from archival data resources. A comprehensive, qualitative inquiry of a single-case study was then conducted.FindingsThe findings suggest that a shift from social welfare logic to business logic in the coal-mining industry can lead to coal-mining disasters, resulting from changing practices through an increase in the number of private enterprises through royalty contracts, the use of an increased labor force instead of mechanical methods and systems and the maximization of profit by underestimating the effects of taking almost no occupational safety measures.Practical implicationsThe connection between institutional logics and organizational disasters could lead institutional actors to question their understanding of institutional logics.Originality/valueThis paper provides original research evidence for the relationship between industrial disasters and institutional logics.
Our love/hate relationship with meetings
Authors: Lehmann-Willenbrock Nale , Allen Joseph A. , Belyeu Dain 
Published: October 2016

PurposeEmployees at all organizational levels spend large portions of their work lives in meetings, many of which are not effective. Previous process-analytical research has identified counterproductive communication patterns to help explain why many meetings go wrong. This study aims to illustrate the ways in which counterproductive – and productive – meeting behaviors are related to individual work engagement and emotional exhaustion.Design/methodology/approachThe authors built a new research-based survey tool for measuring counterproductive meeting behaviors. An online sample of working adults (N= 440) was recruited to test the factor structure of this new survey and to examine the relationships between both good and bad meeting behaviors and employee attitudes beyond the meeting context.FindingsUsing structural equation modeling, this study found that counterproductive meeting behaviors were linked to decreased employee engagement and increased emotional exhaustion, whereas good meeting behaviors were linked to increased engagement and decreased emotional exhaustion. These relationships were mediated via individual meeting satisfaction and perceived meeting effectiveness.Research limitations/implicationsThe study findings provide a nuanced view of meeting outcomes by showing that the behaviors that people observe in their meetings connect not only to meeting satisfaction and effectiveness but also to important workplace attitudes (i.e. employee engagement and emotional exhaustion). In other words, managers and meeting leaders need to be mindful of behavior in meetings, seek ways to mitigate poor behavior and seek opportunities to reward and encourage citizenship behavior.Originality/valueThis study shows how good and bad meeting behaviors relate to employee perceptions of meeting effectiveness and individual job attitudes. The authors develop a science-based, practitioner-friendly new survey tool for observing counterproductive meeting behavior and offer a juxtaposition of good and bad meeting behaviors in a single model.
Ecological intensification and arbuscular mycorrhizas: a meta‐analysis of tillage and cover crop effects
Authors: Bowles Timothy M. , Jackson Louise E. , Loeher Malina , Cavagnaro Timothy R. 
Published: October 2016

Summary

Reliance on ecosystem services instead of synthetic, non‐renewable inputs is increasingly seen as key to achieving food security in an environmentally sustainable way. This process, known as ecological intensification, will depend in large part on enhancing below‐ground biological interactions that facilitate resource use efficiency. Arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM), associations formed between the roots of most terrestrial plant species and a specialized group of soil fungi, provide valuable ecosystem services, but the full magnitude of these services may not be fully realized under conventional intensively managed annual agricultural systems.

Here, we use meta‐analysis to assess how reducing soil disturbance and periods without roots in agricultural systems affect the formation of AM and the diversity and community composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). We compiled data from 54 field studies across five continents that measured effects of tillage and/or cover cropping on AMF colonization and/or communities and assessed effects of management and environmental factors on these responses.

Less intensive tillage and winter cover cropping similarly increased AMF colonization of summer annual cash crop roots by ∼30%. The key variables influencing the change in AMF colonization were the type of cover crop or the type of alternative tillage, suggesting that farmers can optimize combinations of tillage and cover crops that most enhance AM formation, particularly with no‐till systems and legume cover crops.

Richness of AMF taxa increased by 11% in low‐intensity vs. conventional tillage regimes. Several studies showed changes in diversity and community composition of AMF with cover cropping, but these responses were not consistent.

Synthesis and applications. This meta‐analysis indicates that less intensive tillage and cover cropping are both viable strategies for enhancing root colonization from indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) across a wide range of soil types and cash crop species, and possibly also shifting AMF community structure, which could in turn increase biologically based resource use in agricultural systems.
Pulmonary vascular inflammation: effect of TLR signalling on angiopoietin/TIE regulation
Authors: Hilbert Tobias , Dornbusch Kathrin , Baumgarten Georg , Hoeft Andreas , Frede Stilla , Klaschik Sven 
Published: October 2016

SummaryIncreased pulmonary vascular resistance is a critical complication in sepsis. Toll‐like receptor (TLR) as well as angiopoietin (ANG) signalling both contribute to the emergence of pulmonary arterial hypertension. We hypothesized that TLR stimulation by bacterial ligands directly affects expression and secretion of ligands and receptors of the angiopoietin/TIE axis. Microvascular endothelial (HPMEC) and smooth muscle cells (SMC) of pulmonary origin were incubated with thrombin and with ligands for TLR2, ‐4, ‐5, and ‐9. Expression and secretion of ANG1, ‐2, TIE2 and IL‐8 were determined using quantitative real‐time PCR and ELISA. TLR stimulation had no impact either on the expression of ANG2 and TIE2 in HPMEC or on that of ANG1 in SMC. However, overall levels of both released ANG1 and ‐2 were halved upon stimulation with the TLR9 ligand CpG, and ANG2 release was significantly enhanced by TLR4 activation when initially provoked by sequentially performed stimulation. Furthermore, enhanced ANG2 activity increased endothelial permeability, as demonstrated in an in vitro transwell assay. We conclude that sole TLR stimulation by bacterial ligands plays no significant role for altered expression and secretion of ANG1, ‐2 and TIE2 in human pulmonary vascular cells. The interplay between various stimuli is required to induce imbalances between ANG1 and ‐2.
A 12‐week, randomized, parallel‐group, proof‐of‐concept study of tulobuterol patch and salmeterol inhaler as add‐on therapy in adult‐onset mild‐to‐moderate asthma
Authors: Inoue Hideki , Niimi Akio , Matsumoto Hisako , Ito Isao , Oguma Tsuyoshi , Otsuka Kojiro , Takeda Tomoshi , Nakaji Hitoshi , Tajiri Tomoko , Iwata Toshiyuki , Nagasaki Tadao , Mishima Michiaki 
Published: October 2016

SummaryPatch formulation of tulobuterol has been used in asthma treatment as a long‐acting β2‐agonist (LABA) through sustained skin absorption. Its treatment efficacy, especially in small airways, remains poorly understood. The study aim was to investigate LABA add‐on effects of tulobuterol patch (TP) and salmeterol inhaler (SA) on pulmonary function, asthma control and health status. Patients who had adult‐onset under‐control asthma, despite taking inhaled corticosteroids, were enrolled in a randomized, open‐label, parallel‐group, proof‐of‐concept study of 12‐week add‐on treatment with TP (n=16) or SA (n=17). Spirometry, impulse oscillometry (IOS), exhaled nitric oxide levels, and clinical questionnaires of asthma control, health status (St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire: SGRQ), and symptoms were evaluated every 4 weeks. Add‐on treatment of SA significantly improved the spirometric indices of small airway obstruction (forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of FVC: FEF25‐75, and maximum expiratory flow at 25% of FVC: MEF25) and IOS indices of whole respiratory resistance (resistance at 5 Hz) as compared to TP. In intra‐group comparisons, add‐on treatment of TP improved the scores of the asthma control test and the total SGRQ, as well as the symptom and impact components of the SGRQ. SA add‐on treatment improved FEV1 and IOS parameters of resistance at 20 Hz and reactance at 5 Hz. Neither of the treatments improved exhaled nitric oxide levels. In conclusion, add‐on treatment of TP improved asthma control and health status, whereas SA improved pulmonary function measures associated with large and small airway involvement among patients with adult‐onset mild‐to‐moderate asthma.
Isolation and molecular identification of yeasts in Greek kefir
Authors: Kalamaki Mary S , Angelidis Apostolos S 
Published: October 2016

The aim of this study was to enumerate and identify yeasts present in Greek kefir. Total yeast counts in kefir grains were 7.7 ± 0.5 log cfu/g, whereas in kefir drinks counts ranged from <0.4 to 6.7 log cfu/mL. Molecular identification tests revealed 14 different yeast species belonging to 10 genera (Candida spp., Debaryomyces spp., Galactomyces spp., Issatchenkia spp., Kazachstania spp., Kluyveromyces spp., Pichia spp., Saccharomyces spp., Wickerhamomyces spp., Yarrowia spp.). This study is the first to identify yeast species present in Greek kefirs and to isolate Pichia membranifaciens and Candida zeylanoides as part of the kefir microbiota.