bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A smooth filament origin for prolate galaxies "going bananas" in deep JWST images
Authors: Pozo Alvaro , Broadhurst Thomas , Emami Razieh , Mocz Philip , Vogelsberger Mark , Hernquist Lars , Conselice Christopher , Luu Hoang Nhan , III George Smoot , Windhorst Rogier 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

We compare the abundant prolate shaped galaxies reported in deep JWST surveys, with the predicted stellar appearance of young galaxies in detailed hydro-simulations of three main dark matter contenders: Cold (CDM), Wave/Fuzzy ($\psi$DM) and Warm Dark Matter (WDM). The observed galaxy images closely resemble the elongated stellar appearance of young galaxies predicted by $\psi$DM and WDM, during the first $\simeq$ 500Myr when material steadily accretes along smooth filaments. The dark matter halos of WDM and $\psi$DM also have pronounced, prolate elongation similar to the stars, indicating a shared, highly triaxial equilibrium. This is unlike CDM where the early stellar morphology is mainly spheroidal, formed from fragmented filaments with frequent merging, resulting in modest triaxiality. Quantitatively, the excess of prolate galaxies observed by JWST matches well WDM and $\psi$DM for particle masses of 1.4 keV and $2.5\times 10^{-22}$ eV respectively. For CDM, several visible subhalos are typically predicted to orbit within the virial radius of each galaxy, whereas sub-halos are absent for WDM and $\psi$DM, as early merging is rare. We also find that $\psi$DM is distinguishable from WDM by the form of the core, which is predicted to be smooth and centered for WDM but is a dense soliton for $\psi$DM and typically offset from the galaxy center by wave perturbations. We emphasise the long, smooth filaments of $\psi$DM and WDM may be detectable with JWST, traced by stars and gas with comoving lengths of 150kpc predicted at z$\simeq$10, depending on the DM particle mass.
Emotions in speaking up during rounds: A qualitative interview study of medical residents
Authors: Gribben Jeanie , Choi Justin J. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Speaking up during inpatient medical rounds involves medical trainees voicing ideas, concerns, or information when unprompted for the benefit of patient care and education. Medical residents encounter a unique set of considerations regarding the decision to speak up during rounds. However, little is known about the role of trainees’ emotions in speaking up in this context. The objective of this study was to explore the role of emotions in speaking up behaviours among medical residents during inpatient medical rounds. We conducted interviews with 21 medical residents inquiring about perspectives on speaking up. We developed a framework for classifying emotions, which consisted of valence (positive or negative), moral emotions (condemning, self-conscious, suffering, or praising), and non-moral emotions (fear, love, schadenfreude). Interview transcripts were deductively coded and analyzed to identify patterns of emotions and their drivers in the context of speaking up during rounds. Medical residents shared a range of positively- and negatively-valenced emotions in association with speaking up during rounds. We identified five types of emotions in speaking up during rounds that were commonly experienced by residents: praising emotions, self-conscious emotions, condemning emotions, suffering emotions, and fear. Specific drivers of these emotions were identified and classified into workplace, relational, patient-related, or personal factors. Ultimately, we found that medical residents experience both positive and negative emotions that influence speaking up behaviours during inpatient rounds. Further exploration into the role that emotions play in speaking up on inpatient medical rounds may provide valuable insights for medical education research and teaching practices.
Implementation of SOGI-EPLL for DVR Control under Unbalanced and Distorted Grid Condition
Authors: Panchal Abhishek , Jaglan Ashish , Saroha Sumit , Singla Pardeep , Maitra Ramphal 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Currently, electricity supply network is likely to encounter significant voltage distortions due to the extensive penetration of nonlinear loads into the grid. For safeguarding sensitive loads from these distortions and unbalanced grid conditions, a commonly employed solution is dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) with battery storage. For effective control over DVR, there is requirement of robust control algorithms which must include a precise controller capable of extracting accurate grid’s phase angle, frequency, and voltage magnitude which ensures that the reference DVR voltage is correctly determined. Therefore, a newly designed second-order generalized integrator (SOGI) based Enhanced Phase Locked Loop (EPLL) is proposed as the commonly used synchronous reference frame based phased locked loop (SRF-PLL) which fails to extract phase angle and frequency accurately. In order to check the effectiveness of proposed technique in terms of performance, the obtained results through MATLAB simulation are compared with SRF-PLL, SOGI PLL, Dual SOGI PLL and EPLL on various six cases of unbalanced grid conditions like: voltage sag, swell, harmonics and variation in fundamental frequency to mitigate the nonlinearities. Among the above techniques, proposed technique has shown its superiority under unbalanced grid conditions with lowest frequency overshoot of (50.13-50.27 Hz) and fastest settling time (10-30 ms).
Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome predicted the risks of geriatric syndromes and mortality of major chronic diseases
Authors: Hao Meng , Zhang Hui , Li Yi , Wu Jingyi , Hu Zixin , Jiang Shuai , Sun Aijun , Jin Li , Wang Xiaofeng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The American Heart Association (AHA) has introduced the cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome as a systemic health disorder affecting nearly all organ systems. However, evidence supporting CKM syndrome health-related effects remains scarce, and its effects beyond its components are not studied.
Methods
Here, we used data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) to investigate the associations of CKM syndrome with adverse health outcomes, including functional disability, physical frailty, falls, hospitalization and mortality. Then, we examined the associations between CKM syndrome and all-cause and cause-specific mortalityusing data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
Results
CKM syndrome stages were independently associated with incident geriatric syndromes, including incident disability (OR, 1.2, [95% CI, 1.11-1.29]), frailty (OR, 1.28, [95% CI, 1.15-1.42]), falls (OR, 1.11, [95% CI, 1.06-1.17]), and hospitalization (OR, 1.19, [95% CI, 1.14-1.25]). Moreover, CKM syndrome stages independently predicted all-cause mortality (CHARLS: HR, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.06-1.18]; NHANES: HR, 1.34 [95% CI, 1.29-1.40]), and cause-specific mortality, including CVD (HR, 1.62, [95% CI, 1.50-1.75]), malignant neoplasm (HR, 1.20, [95% CI, 1.10-1.30]), respiratory disease (HR, 1.26, [95% CI, 1.07-1.49]). After adjusting for CKM components, the positive associations of CKM syndrome with geriatric syndrome and mortality were persisted, indicating that CKM syndrome has health implications beyond those of its component disorders. There were dose-effect relationships between CKM stages and risks of geriatric syndromes and mortality. Especially, advanced CKM syndrome (stage 3-4) exhibited higher risks of adverse outcomes along the CKM staging spectrum.
Conclusion
The findings revealed that CKM syndrome significantly impacted the overall health among middle-aged and older adults, advocating its application from CVD to geriatric community and multidiscipline clinical settings. It suggested the need for CKM syndrome assessment to predict and prevent geriatric syndromes and major chronic conditions, thereby reducing social and healthcare burdens. Moreover, these results provided empirical evidence for the validity and robustness of the CKM staging classification.
A growth model for citations networks
Authors: Castillo-Castillo Pedro , Stevens-Navarro Enrique , Pineda-Rico Ulises , Garcia-Barrientos Abel , Castillo-Soria Francisco R. , Acosta-Elias Jesus 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Complex networks can exhibit different behaviors, there can be networks where the nodes, after being created, can continue to increase or decrease the number of their incoming and/or outgoing links. An example of these networks is the WWW, where the webmaster can add or delete hyperlinks on the web pages under their responsibility at any time. There are also networks where this can not happen. For example, in citation networks of scientific articles, after an article has been published, it will start gaining incoming links as it is cited, but the outgoing links will remain unchanged. Although articles are published with a fixed number of references, the distribution of their outgoing links follows a power law, as if they were the result of a preferential process. So how can we explain that the number of references an author includes in a scientific article is not purely random? In this work, a growth model of this type of complex network is presented, where it is proposed that the distribution of outgoing links can be shaped by the presence of communities.
Prevalence and determinants of healthy and balanced diet among office workers in Southern Sri Lanka
Authors: Godevithana Janaka , Wijesinghe Champa Jayalakshmie , Wijesinghe Millawage Supun Dilara 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
An unhealthy diet is a key risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCD), which account for a significant number of premature deaths and disability adjusted life years worldwide. Office workers are reported to have unhealthy and unbalanced diets, while being sedentary due to the nature of their work, placing them at a greater risk of NCD. This study aimed to determine dietary intake and associated factors among office workers in Southern Sri Lanka.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 518 clerical workers in 20 offices in the Galle district. Socio-demographic, health, and work-related data with details on dietary practices were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Twenty-four-hour dietary recall was used to assess dietary intake, which was converted into the number of servings of each food group. Healthy dietary intake was defined as ‘adherence to the numbers of servings recommended in Food Based Dietary Guidelines for Sri Lankan for more than three food groups including cereal and cereal-based foods, fruits, and vegetables, with the consumption of one or no unhealthy food per day’.
Results
Only 4.6% (n = 24) of the participants consumed a healthy diet, while a considerable proportion had the recommended intake of cereal-based foods, vegetables and fish, meat and pulses (65.3%, 65.8% and 50.8%, respectively). Fruit, dairy product, nut and seed intake was low among the participants. Meal skipping and group eating were significantly associated with an overall unhealthy diet. Stratified analysis showed sex as an effect modification for the association between group eating and unhealthy diet. In multivariate analysis none of the factors showed significant association with healthy dietary intake.
Conclusions
Dietary intake was suboptimal among Sri Lankan office workers, and selected eating behaviours are associated with an unhealthy dietary intake. This study recommends introducing health-promoting interventions for office workers to control dietary risk factors.
Genomic analyses revealed low genetic variation in the intron-exon boundary of the doublesex gene within the natural populations of An. gambiae s.l. in Burkina Faso
Authors: Kientega Mahamadi , Morianou Ioanna , Traoré Nouhoun , Kranjc Nace , Kaboré Honorine , Zongo Odette N , Millogo Abdoul-Azize , Epopa Patric Stephane , Yao Franck A. , Belem Adrien M G , Burt Austin , Diabaté Abdoulaye 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The recent success of a population control gene drive targeting the doublesex gene in Anopheles gambiae paved the way for development of self-sustaining and self-limiting genetic control strategies targeting the sex determination pathway to reduce and/or distort the reproductive capacity of insect vectors. However, targeting these genes for genetic control purposes requires a better understanding of their genetic variation in natural populations to ensure effective gene drive spread. Using whole genome sequencing data from the Ag1000G project (Ag3.0, 3.4 and 3.8), and Illumina pooled amplicon sequencing, we investigated the genetic polymorphism of the intron-4–exon-5 boundary of the doublesex gene in the natural populations of An. gambiae s.l.
Results
The analyses showed a very low variant density at the gRNA target sequence of the Ag(QFS)1 gene drive (previously called dsxFCRISPRh) within the populations of West and East Africa. However, populations from the forest area in Central Africa exhibited four SNP at frequencies ranging from 0.011 to 0.26. The SNP (2R:48714641[C > T]) at high frequencies, i.e. 0.26 is identified within the An. coluzzii population form Angola. The analyses also identified 90 low frequency (1% − 5%) SNPs in the genomic region around the gRNA target sequence (intron-4–exon-5 boundary). Three of these SNPs (2R:48714472 A > T; 2R:48714486 C > A; 2R:48714516 C > T) were observed at frequencies higher than 5% in the UTR region of the doublesex gene. The results also showed a very low variant density and constant nucleotide diversity over a five-year survey in natural An. gambiae s.l. populations of Burkina Faso.
Conclusion
These findings will guide the implementation of doublesex-targeted gene drives to support the current control tools in malaria elimination efforts. Our methods can be applied to efficiently monitor the evolution of any sequence of interest in a natural population via pooled amplicon sequencing, surpassing the need of WGS.
Radiotherapy and Inflammaging: The Influence of Prostate Cancer Radiotherapy on Systemic Inflammation
Authors: Paal Katarzyna , Stranz Bettina , Thurner Eva-Maria , Niedrist Tobias , Renner Wilfried , Langsenlehner Tanja 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose: The present study was performed to investigate the association of prostate cancer radiotherapy with inflammaging, a condition characterized by the elevation of inflammatory blood parameters that significantly increases the susceptibility to the occurrence or progression of age-related conditions.
Patients and Methods: A total of 306 patients treated with curative radiotherapy (RT) for prostate cancer were enrolled into the prospective study. Aging-related inflammatory parameters including C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, fibrinogen, cholesterol, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were analyzed before and at the end of RT, and 3 and 15 months after completion of the RT. Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric variance analysis.
Results: Overall variance analysis showed a significant influence of RT on all inflammatory parameters (p<0.001) with the exception of CRP (p=0.498). Pairwise analysis revealed a significant elevation of fibrinogen (p=0.041), NLR (p<0.001), and PLR levels (p<0.001) as well as a significant decrease of albumin (p<0.001) and cholesterol levels (p<0.001) during the RT course. After completion of RT, a significant recovery was detected for NLR, PLR, albumin and cholesterol. However, 15 months after RT, PLR, fibrinogen, and cholesterol remained significantly lower when compared to the baseline (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Our results indicate that radiation therapy triggers chronic inflammatory processes that could contribute to the development, acceleration or worsening of age-related alterations and conditions. Further investigations to estimate the long-term consequences of curative radiation therapy on clinical manifestations of aging are warranted.
The impact of health literacy on health behaviors in individuals with diabetes: findings from a population-based survey in South Korea
Authors: Lee JinWook , Kim Bomgyeol , Choi Soo Hyeok , Kim Do Hee , Kim Tae Hyun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Diabetes management requires strict self-care and education, but patients with low health literacy may find it difficult to follow numerous lifestyle recommendations, leading to poor blood sugar control, increased risk of complications, and higher treatment costs. By maintaining a healthy lifestyle, patients with diabetes can prevent or delay adverse health outcomes. Therefore, it is important to identify individuals with low health literacy and seek ways to help them easily understand and use the information they need.
Methods
This study utilized data from the 2021 Korea Community Health Survey, focusing on 23,262 individuals aged ≥ 30 years with diabetes. Health literacy was defined using two variables: "Understanding Health Communication" and "Understanding Written Health Information." Health behaviors were defined meeting three criteria: non-smoking, not engaging in high-risk alcohol consumption, and regular walking. Covariates included sex, age, household income, education level, region, and self-reported health status Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the impact of health literacy on health behaviors. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.
Results
After adjusting for all variables, individuals who found it difficult to understand health communication had an OR for engaging health behaviors of 0.91 (95% CI = 0.83–0.99) compared to those who found it easy. Similarly, those who struggled to understand written health information had an OR for health behaviors of 0.87 (95% CI = 0.79–0.96), while individuals who did not pay attention to it had an OR of 0.83 (95% CI = 0.75–0.91).
Conclusions
This study revealed that low health literacy and not paying attention to health information act as obstacles to practicing health behaviors. This emphasizes the need for preventive interventions such as clear communication by healthcare professionals, the use of simple language, maintaining considerate attitudes, and utilizing visual aids in printed materials.
Stress-strain analysis of aluminum alloy cone bottom cylindrical parts in double-sided hydro-mechanical deep drawing process
Authors: Junfeng Lin , Liu Longyu , Xu Zhao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This paper analyzes the forming mechanism of double-sided hydro-mechanical deep drawing process of the sheet. Based on numerical simulation and experimental research, the forming process of aluminum alloy cone bottom cylindrical parts was investigated, the development of plastic deformation and the wall thickness distribution law were analyzed, and the change of stress paths in the yield locus of the typical points was given. The optical measurement method based on the DIC(digital image correlation) technology is applied to analyze the strain distribution of parts in different forming stages. The relationship between the Lode parameter and the invariant line of wall thickness and the strain type is summarized. It lays the theoretical foundation and practical application experience for the application of the double-sided hydro-mechanical deep drawing method in the field of sheet metal. The results of strain analysis, numerical simulation, and experiment show that the distributions of wall thickness are consistent during the forming process, the minimum wall thickness is located at the cone bottom of the cylinder part and the maximum wall thickness is located at the flange.
Study on the technology of blasting to squeeze silt and build embankment in deep muddy soft soil under complex environment
Authors: Li Jianfeng , An Pengyuan , Wu Ronghan , Cao Qintao , Li Linbin , Wang Feilan , Luo Yong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Blasting mud displacement technology has always played a crucial role in reclamation projects. To further analyze the effectiveness and application of blasting dike construction technology in complex thick silt soft soil layers, this study first utilized the excellent linear classification and prediction capabilities of Support Vector Machines (SVM) to construct a prediction model for dike slope displacement. Additionally, the traditional blasting mud displacement process was optimized by proposing a full lateral blasting mud displacement technique aimed at achieving mud-rock displacement in thick silt soft soil layers. The full lateral blasting mud displacement technique eliminates the need for end blasting, instead using lateral fixed-point and dike widening blasting methods to accomplish the mud displacement task. In the experimental results analysis section, the performance of SVM prediction models with different kernel functions was tested. The results indicated that the SVM model with the RBF kernel had the best prediction performance, with mean squared error values for different measurement points not exceeding 0.35. By adjusting the blasting parameters at different blasting sites and comparing the settlement values at four blasting sites using the full lateral blasting mud displacement technique, it was found that the construction plan is feasible, with all settlement values remaining within reasonable ranges. This study provides a new approach for mud-rock displacement in thick silt layers using blasting mud displacement technology in dike construction.
Ewing and Ewing-like-sarcoma tumoroid biobank reveals distinct drug sensitivities: translocation makes the difference
Authors: Clevers Hans , Ringnalda Femke , Son Gijs van , Verweij Laurens , Amo-Addae Vicky , Flucke Uta , Hiemcke-Jiwa Laura , Langenberg Karin , Bramer Jos , Heimans Lotte , de Sande Michiel van , Houdt Winan van , Noesel Max Van , Kerstens Hindrik , Santoso Marcel , Merks Johannes , Molenaar Jan , Boxtel Ruben van , de Wetering Marc van , Sanders Karin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Ewing sarcoma (ES) and Ewing-like sarcomas (ELS) are highly aggressive tumors in soft tissues and bone of mostly children and young adults. Despite being different in many aspects, including genetics, possible cell-of-origin, and pathology, patients with any of these entities all receive the same therapeutic regimen. Currently, there is a lack of preclinical cell models that can predict drug response of these entities in vitro. Here, we describe a pediatric ES and ELS tumor organoid (tumoroid) biobank containing tumoroids with different translocations, including EWSR1::FLI1, EWSR1::ERG, CIC::DUX4, and BCOR-rearrangements. Using histology, whole genome sequencing and RNA sequencing, we demonstrate that these tumoroids retain key properties of their matching patient tumors. In addition, we traced tumor subclones in the tumoroids across patient-matched longitudinal samples, which showed that cellular heterogeneity was maintained. We subsequently performed drug screening on the tumoroid models, which unveiled entity-specific drug sensitivity to various cytotoxic compounds and targeted compounds, including MCL-1 inhibitors for CIC::DUX4 sarcomas. Taken together, this newly established ES and ELS patient-derived tumoroid biobank represents a promising source of material for future basic cancer research and drug-screening.