bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Completion in vocational and academic upper secondary school: The importance of school motivation, self‐efficacy, and individual characteristics
Authors: Dæhlen Marianne 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA vast amount of research is devoted to identifying factors that predict early school leaving. However, there is no simple explanation because the results show that young people leave education prematurely for various reasons, such as their level of school involvement, their background characteristics and different school systems. This article investigates the importance of school motivation, self‐efficacy and the characteristics of students and their families for completing school and examines students in the vocational and academic tracks separately. With a focus on school completion, this study is guided by the following research question: Do students who obtain an upper secondary diploma have greater motivation and stronger beliefs about their abilities than those who choose to leave early? When adjusting for background characteristics, the results indicated no, or a relatively low, relationship between school motivation/self‐efficacy and completion. The most predictable variable is prior school performances, particularly for students in the vocational track.
Synthesis and oxidation resistance of V2AlC powders by molten salt method
Authors: Wang Bingxin , Zhou Aiguo , Hu Qianku , Wang Libo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHerein, ternary carbide V2AlC was synthesized by molten salt method from elemental powders with molar ratio of V:Al:C=2:1.2:1 and same mass of NaCl. According to thermal analysis of the starting mixture, at 800°C, NaCl melts to form ionic liquid environment for the formation reaction of V2AlC, which starts at the temperature above 1050°C. The existence of NaCl in starting mixture results in the synthesis of V2AlC at 1050°C. And following annealing at 1400°C can remove the impurities of Al23V4 and C to synthesize pure V2AlC. Without NaCl, V2AlC cannot be synthesized at 1050°C and V2AlC synthesized at 1400°C is not pure. For the purpose to measure oxidation resistance of V2AlC samples, as‐synthesized V2AlC powders were pressed to cylinder shape (Φ10 mm×2 mm) and the cylinders (relative density of 82.7%) were heated in air. At temperature below 400°C, the oxidation was not obvious. At 650°C, a rough film composed of V2O5 and Al2O3 was formed and cover the surface of V2AlC. The film resulted in good oxidation resistance of V2AlC. At 800°C, the rough film transformed to needle‐like crystals, which were mainly composed of V2O5. The oxidation resistance became very bad. V2AlC can be completely oxidized to form V2O5 and Al2O3.
Patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) in chronic urticaria
Authors: Moestrup Kristian , Ghazanfar Misbah N. , Thomsen Simon F. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractChronic urticaria is an itching skin disease which persists for more than 6 weeks. Chronic urticaria has great impact on the daily life of the patient, and the fluctuating nature of the symptoms complicates the monitoring and treatment of the disease. Currently, there are no reliable biomarkers to identify and measure disease activity in chronic spontaneous urticaria. Consequently, use of patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) is crucial when evaluating and monitoring different aspects of chronic urticaria such as disease activity/severity, disease control, and quality of life. We present an overview of seven different PROs used in chronic urticaria and highlight their strengths, limitations, and use in clinical practice and research.
Role of poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase activation in the pathogenesis of periodontitis in diabetes
Authors: Adachi Kei , Miyajima Shin‐ichi , Nakamura Nobuhisa , Miyabe Megumi , Kobayashi Yasuko , Nishikawa Toru , Suzuki Yuki , Kikuchi Takeshi , Kobayashi Shuichiro , Saiki Tomokazu , Mizutani Makoto , Ohno Norikazu , Noguchi Toshihide , Mitani Akio , Matsubara Tatsuaki , Naruse Keiko 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimThe aetiology of progressive periodontitis in diabetes has not yet been elucidated. We previously demonstrated that nitrosative stress is increased in diabetic rats with periodontitis. Nitrosative stress induces poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) activation. Here, we demonstrated the involvement of PARP activation in diabetic periodontitis and detailed the therapeutic effects of PARP inhibitor.Materials and MethodsExperimental periodontitis was induced by placing a nylon thread ligature. Half of the normal and diabetic rats received the PARP inhibitor, 1,5‐isoquinolinediol, for 2 weeks. Gingival PARP activation was detected by immunostaining for poly(ADP‐ribose). Periodontitis was evaluated by gingival inflammatory cell infiltration, inflammatory gene expressions and micro‐CT analyses.ResultsAlthough both periodontitis and the presence of diabetes increased PARP activation in the gingiva, diabetic rats with periodontitis had the highest activation of PARP. Diabetic rats with periodontitis also showed significant increases in monocyte/macrophage invasion into the gingiva, inflammatory gene expressions, nitrotyrosine‐positive cells in the gingiva and alveolar bone loss, all of which were suppressed by treatment with the PARP inhibitor.ConclusionsThese results indicate the involvement of PARP activation in the pathogenesis and aggravation of periodontal disease in diabetes and suggest the therapeutic potential of PARP inhibition for treating periodontal disease, especially in patients with diabetes.
Anxiety disorders, gender nonconformity, bullying and self‐esteem in sexual minority adolescents: prospective birth cohort study
Authors: Jones Abbeygail , Robinson Emily , Oginni Olakunle , Rahman Qazi , Rimes Katharine A. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundSexual minority adolescents (i.e. youth not exclusively heterosexual) report more anxiety than heterosexual youth on symptom questionnaires but no research has used standardised diagnostic tools to investigate anxiety disorder risk. This study uses a UK birth cohort to investigate the risk of anxiety disorders in sexual minority and heterosexual youth using a computerised structured clinical interview and explores the influence of gender nonconformity, bullying and self‐esteem.MethodsParticipants were 4,564 adolescents (2,567 girls and 1,996 boys) from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the association between sexual orientation at 15.5 years and the presence of an anxiety disorder at 17.5 years. Covariates including maternal occupation, ethnicity, mother‐reported childhood gender nonconformity at 30, 42 and 57 months, child‐reported gender nonconformity at 8 years, child‐reported bullying between 12 and 16 years and self‐esteem at 17.5 years were added sequentially to regression models.ResultsSexual minority adolescents (i.e. those not exclusively heterosexual) had higher early childhood gender nonconformity (CGN), lower self‐esteem and reported more bullying than adolescents identifying as 100% heterosexual. Minority sexual orientation at 15.5 years was associated with increased risk of an anxiety disorder at 17.5 years for girls (OR 2.55, CI 1.85–3.52) and boys (OR 2.48, CI 1.40–4.39). Adjusting for ethnicity, maternal occupation, mother‐reported and child‐reported CGN had minimal impact on this association. Adjusting for bullying between 12 and 16 years and self‐esteem at 17.5 years reduced the strength of the associations, although the overall association remained significant for both sexes (girls OR 2.14 and boys OR 1.93).ConclusionsSexual minority youth are at increased risk of anxiety disorders relative to heterosexual youth at 17.5 years. Bullying between 12–16 years and lower self‐esteem may contribute to this risk.
Dream emotions: a comparison of home dream reports with laboratory early and late REM dream reports
Authors: Sikka Pilleriin , Revonsuo Antti , Sandman Nils , Tuominen Jarno , Valli Katja 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThe aim of this study was to compare the emotional content of dream reports collected at home upon morning awakenings with those collected in the laboratory upon early and late rapid eye movement (REM) sleep awakenings. Eighteen adults (11 women, seven men; mean age = 25.89 ± 4.85) wrote down their home dreams every morning immediately upon awakening during a 7‐day period. Participants also spent two non‐consecutive nights in the sleep laboratory where they were awoken 5 min into each continuous REM sleep stage, upon which they gave a verbal dream report. The content of a total of 151 home and 120 laboratory dream reports was analysed by two blind judges using the modified Differential Emotions Scale. It was found that: (1) home dream reports were more emotional than laboratory early REM dream reports, but not more emotional than laboratory late REM dream reports; (2) home dream reports contained a higher density of emotions than laboratory (early or late REM) dream reports; and (3) home dream reports were more negative than laboratory dream reports, but differences between home and early REM reports were larger than those between home and late REM reports. The results suggest that differences between home and laboratory dream reports in overall emotionality may be due to the time of night effect. Whether differences in the density of emotions and negative emotionality are due to sleep environment or due to different reporting procedures and time spent in a sleep stage, respectively, remains to be determined in future studies.
Risk factors for vertical transmission of hepatitis E virus infection
Authors: Sharma S. , Kumar A. , Kar P. , Agarwal S. , Ramji S. , Husain S. A. , Prasad S. , Sharma S. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryHepatitis E virus (HEV) infection can be vertically transmitted, but the factors that transmit the disease to foetuses are still unclear. We studied a total of 144 pregnant women with HEV infection. Cord blood and newborn samples were taken for analysis. Nutritional factors were evaluated on the basis of anthropometric parameters and biochemical factors, and HEV viral load was quantified by real‐time PCR. Sequencing of HEV‐positive samples was performed. Approximately 14.63% (6/41) of pregnant patients with acute liver failure (ALF) died before delivery. Vertical transmission was observed in 46.09% (59/128) of HEV‐IgM‐positive mothers. Approximately 23.80% (10/42) of newborns in the acute viral hepatitis group and 29.41% (5/17) in the ALF group were positive for HEV‐RNA. No significant difference was observed in the occurrence of vertical transmission in HEV groups. Viral load was found to be a significant predictor for vertical transmission of HEV infection adjusted with haemoglobin and folate in derivation cohort group. Incorporating these variables, a new score predicting vertical transmission of HEV was derived. Using these significant predictors, the probability for vertical transmission of HEV was well stratified in the validation group (P>.05). In conclusion, viral load was associated with vertical transmission of HEV infection. A valid prediction score model was generated that was verified in a validation cohort group.
Local governance of Gunao Lake, Tikub Lake and Dagatan Lake: Small lakes of the Mount Banahaw–San Cristobal–Malepunyo Corridor, Philippines
Authors: Brillo B. B. C. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAlthough many lakes in the Philippines are threatened, the effectiveness of their governance has not received sufficient attention to date. This predicament is most severe in regard to small lakes as their localized governance has least been given consideration over the years. Predicated on this observation, this study explores the local governance of three small lakes (Gunao Lake; Tikub Lake; Dagatan Lake) situated between the Mount Banahaw–San Cristobal and Mount Malepunyo area. Specifically, it analyses the role of local governments in managing and developing the small lakes. Using data from interviews, observations and the few existing documents on these lakes, this study contends that the main feature of governance regarding the three lakes is the Municipal Governments’ commitment and determination, which is consequential in their development over time. For Gunao Lake, the failure of the Municipal Government of Dolores to link the development of the lake with the tourism agenda in the Mount Banahaw area has resulted in its lack of tourism development. For Tikub Lake, the consistent push of the Municipal Government of Tiaong for its tourism agenda is key in the incremental improvement and preservation of the lake. For Dagatan Lake, the persistence of the Municipal Government of San Antonio in pursuing the restoration project and searching for a patron to finance the endeavour is crucial in the revival of the lake. Overall, this study highlights the distinct praxis of local governance regarding each of these small lakes, extends scholarship in regard to lake governance and offers a broad template for managing the many existing small lakes in the country.
Divergent taxonomic and functional responses of microbial communities to field simulation of aeolian soil erosion and deposition
Authors: Ma Xingyu , Zhao Cancan , Gao Ying , Liu Bin , Wang Tengxu , Yuan Tong , Hale Lauren , Nostrand Joy D. Van , Wan Shiqiang , Zhou Jizhong , Yang Yunfeng 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAeolian soil erosion and deposition have worldwide impacts on agriculture, air quality and public health. However, ecosystem responses to soil erosion and deposition remain largely unclear in regard to microorganisms, which are the crucial drivers of biogeochemical cycles. Using integrated metagenomics technologies, we analysed microbial communities subjected to simulated soil erosion and deposition in a semiarid grassland of Inner Mongolia, China. As expected, soil total organic carbon and plant coverage were decreased by soil erosion, and soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was increased by soil deposition, demonstrating that field simulation was reliable. Soil microbial communities were altered (p < .039) by both soil erosion and deposition, with dramatic increase in Cyanobacteria related to increased stability in soil aggregates. amyA genes encoding α‐amylases were specifically increased (p = .01) by soil deposition and positively correlated (p = .02) to DOC, which likely explained changes in DOC. Surprisingly, most of microbial functional genes associated with carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium cycling were decreased or unaltered by both erosion and deposition, probably arising from acceleration of organic matter mineralization. These divergent responses support the necessity to include microbial components in evaluating ecological consequences. Furthermore, Mantel tests showed strong, significant correlations between soil nutrients and functional structure but not taxonomic structure, demonstrating close relevance of microbial function traits to nutrient cycling.
Rhetoric versus reality: The role of research in deconstructing concepts of caring
Authors: Freshwater Dawn , Cahill Jane , Esterhuizen Philip , Muncey Tessa , Smith Helen 
Published: June 2017

AbstractOur aim was to employ a critical analytic lens to explicate the role of nursing research in supporting the notion of caring realities. To do this, we used case exemplars to illustrate the infusion of such discourses. The first exemplar examines the fundamental concept of caring: using Florence Nightingale's Notes on Nursing, the case study surfaces caring as originally grounded in ritualized practice and subsequently describes its transmutation, via competing discourses, to a more holistic concept. It is argued that in the many and varied attempts to define the dynamic concept of care, caring has now become paradoxically, a more fragmented concept despite attempts to render it more holistic and inclusive. In the second exemplar, one of the authors draws on her personal experience of the gap between theory and practice, so pronounced that it pushed the author to revisit the concept of evidence‐based practice and nursing education. In our third and final exemplar, we refer to the absence of knowledge and practice generated through natural enquiry and curiosity, an absence which has led to production of corporate led rhetoric. Drawing together the central arguments of the three exemplars, we reflect on the influential role of nursing research in enabling the deconstruction of taken for granted assumptions such as caring, evidence‐based practice and empowerment; assumptions which have been generated by discourses riddled with confusion and alienation from the reality of practice and the natural spirit of professional enquiry.
Maternal Humoral Immune Correlates of Peripartum Transmission of Clade C HIV-1 in the Setting of Peripartum Antiretrovirals
Authors: Mutucumarana Charmaine P. , Eudailey Joshua , McGuire Erin P. , Vandergrift Nathan , Tegha Gerald , Chasela Charles , Ellington Sascha , van der Horst Charles , Kourtis Athena P. , Permar Sallie R. , Fouda Genevieve G. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Despite the widespread use of antiretrovirals (ARV), more than 150,000 pediatric HIV-1 infections continue to occur annually. Supplemental strategies are necessary to eliminate pediatric HIV infections. We previously reported that maternal HIV envelope-specific anti-V3 IgG and CD4 binding site-directed antibodies, as well as tier 1 virus neutralization, predicted a reduced risk of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1 in the pre-ARV era U.S.-based Women and Infants Transmission Study (WITS) cohort. As the majority of ongoing pediatric HIV infections occur in sub-Saharan Africa, we sought to determine if the same maternal humoral immune correlates predicted MTCT in a subset of the Malawian Breastfeeding, Antiretrovirals, and Nutrition (BAN) cohort of HIV-infected mothers (
n
= 88, with 45 transmitting and 43 nontransmitting). Women and infants received ARV at delivery; thus, the majority of MTCT was
in utero
(91%). In a multivariable logistic regression model, neither maternal anti-V3 IgG nor clade C tier 1 virus neutralization was associated with MTCT. Unexpectedly, maternal CD4 binding-site antibodies and anti-variable loop 1 and 2 (V1V2) IgG were associated with increased MTCT, independent of maternal viral load. Neither infant envelope (Env)-specific IgG levels nor maternal IgG transplacental transfer efficiency was associated with transmission. Distinct humoral immune correlates of MTCT in the BAN and WITS cohorts could be due to differences between transmission modes, virus clades, or maternal antiretroviral use. The association between specific maternal antibody responses and
in utero
transmission, which is distinct from potentially protective maternal antibodies in the WITS cohort, underlines the importance of investigating additional cohorts with well-defined transmission modes to understand the role of antibodies during HIV-1 MTCT.
Evaluation of Euroimmun Anti-Zika Virus IgM and IgG Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays for Zika Virus Serologic Testing
Authors: L'Huillier Arnaud G. , Hamid-Allie Anne , Kristjanson Erik , Papageorgiou Louis , Hung Sam , Wong Chun Fai , Stein Derek R. , Olsha Romy , Goneau Lee W. , Dimitrova Kristina , Drebot Mike , Safronetz David , Gubbay Jonathan B. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
With the emerging Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic, serologic diagnosis relies on a labor-intensive IgM antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA) and confirmation by a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). To streamline serologic testing, several commercial assays have been developed. Our aim was to compare the commercial Euroimmun anti-ZIKV IgM and IgG assays to the reference MAC-ELISA and PRNT currently in use. Serum specimens submitted to Public Health Ontario Laboratory, Canada, were tested for IgM and IgG using the Euroimmun assays and the results were compared with those from MAC-ELISA. The PRNT was performed on positive or equivocal specimens using either MAC-ELISA or Euroimmun assays, MAC-ELISA-inconclusive specimens, and a convenience sample of specimens negative by both assays (cohort 1). Another set of specimens selected on the basis of PRNT results was subsequently tested by the Euroimmun assays (cohort 2). MAC-ELISA was positive, equivocal, negative, and inconclusive in 57/223, 15/223, 147/223, and 4/223 specimens, respectively. Among the 76 specimens that were MAC-ELISA positive, equivocal, or inconclusive, 30 (39.5%) were Euroimmun IgM and/or IgG positive or equivocal. Among the 147 MAC-ELISA-negative specimens, 136 (92.5%) were Euroimmun IgM and IgG negative. The sensitivity of the combined Euroimmun IgM/IgG against the PRNT was 83% (cohort 1) and 92% (cohort 2), whereas the specificity was 81% (cohort 1) and 65% (cohort 2). The combined Euroimmun IgM/IgG showed good specificity (92.5%) but suboptimal sensitivity (39.5%) compared with that of the MAC-ELISA. However, the sensitivity of the combined Euroimmun IgM/IgG against the PRNT was significantly higher (83 to 92%). More studies are needed before commercial assays are implemented for routine ZIKV serologic diagnosis.
T2 Magnetic Resonance Assay-Based Direct Detection of Three Lyme Disease-Related Borrelia Species in Whole-Blood Samples
Authors: Snyder Jessica L. , Giese Heidi , Bandoski-Gralinski Cheryl , Townsend Jessica , Jacobson Beck E. , Shivers Robert , Schotthoefer Anna M. , Fritsche Thomas R. , Green Clayton , Callister Steven M. , Branda John A. , Lowery Thomas J. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

In early Lyme disease (LD), serologic testing is insensitive and seroreactivity may reflect active or past infection. In this study, we evaluated a novel assay for the direct detection of three species of
Borrelia
spirochetes in whole blood. The T2 magnetic resonance (T2MR) assay platform was used to amplify
Borrelia
DNA released from intact spirochetes and to detect amplicon. Analytical sensitivity was determined from blood spiked with known concentrations of spirochetes, and the assay's limit of detection was found to be in the single-cell-per-milliliter range: 5 cells/ml for
B. afzelii
and 8 cells/ml for
Borrelia burgdorferi
and
Borrelia garinii
. Clinical samples (
n
= 66) from confirmed or suspected early LD patients were also analyzed.
B. burgdorferi
was detected using T2MR in 2/2 (100%) of blood samples from patients with confirmed early LD, based on the presence of erythema migrans and documentation of seroconversion or a positive real-time blood PCR. T2MR detected
B. burgdorferi
in blood samples from 17/54 (31%) of patients with probable LD, based on the presence of erythema migrans without documented seroconversion or of documented seroconversion in patients with a compatible clinical syndrome but without erythema migrans. Out of 21 clinical samples tested by real-time PCR, only 1 was positive and 13 were negative with agreement with T2MR. An additional 7 samples that were negative by real-time PCR were positive with T2MR. Therefore, T2MR enables a low limit of detection (LoD) for
Borrelia
spp. in whole blood samples and is able to detect
B. burgdorferi
in clinical samples.