bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cooperation or resistance? Representing workers' health and safety in a hazardous industry
Authors: Walters David , Quinlan Michael , Johnstone Richard , Wadsworth Emma 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis study considers the actions of worker health and safety representatives in coalmines in Queensland, where there is little evidence of the facilitating role of management previous studies have associated with the successful operation of worker representation in occupational health and safety. It examines how worker representatives deliver their pluralist representational role in a context characterised by essentially unitary thinking amongst their employers and the effectiveness of the strategies they use.
Disparities in Unmet Service Needs Among Adults with Intellectual and Other Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Burke Meghan M. , Heller Tamar 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundDue to long waiting lists for services, many adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities in the United States have unmet service needs. Little research, however, has identified the characteristics of caregivers and individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities that relate to the unmet service needs among individuals who are waiting for services.MethodThe present authors conducted a statewide mail survey of 234 caregivers of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities who were waiting for services. The present authors identified which parent and individual with intellectual and developmental disability characteristics were significantly associated with the number of unmet service needs.ResultsIndividuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities who were in poor health, from minority backgrounds and non‐verbal were significantly more likely to have a greater number of unmet service needs. Additionally, individuals with younger caregivers and individuals with caregivers from low‐income backgrounds were significantly more likely to report a greater number of unmet service needs.DiscussionImplications for research and policy are discussed.
When and how should biotic interactions be considered in models of species niches and distributions?
Authors: Anderson Robert P. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBiotic interactions can influence the ranges and abundances of species, but no clear guidelines exist for integrating them into correlative models of niches and distributions. Niche/distributional models characterize environmental/habitat suitability or species presence using predictor variables unaffected by (= unlinked to) the population of the focal species. Such variables (termed ‘scenopoetic’) typically have been considered to include only abiotic factors. In contrast, population–demographic approaches model the abundance of the focal species by including linked predictor variables, which frequently are biotic interactors. Nevertheless, a focal species might hold no, or negligible, population‐level effects on its biotic interactors. Hence, contrary to current theory, such interactors would represent unlinked variables valid and potentially very useful for niche/distributional models. Consideration of population‐level effects indicates that facilitators and affecting amensals (species that negatively affect another species but are not affected by it) constitute unlinked variables, but commensals and affected amensals do not. For competitors, mutualists, predators/prey, consumers/resources, and parasites/hosts, additional information is necessary. Specifically, available ecological/natural history information for the particular species involved (e.g. regarding specificity) and theory regarding ecological networks can allow identification of interactors that are likely to be unlinked or nearly so. Including an unlinked biotic interactor as a predictor variable in a niche/distributional model should improve predictions when the effects of the biotic interactor vary across the study region, or in another place or time period. Other relevant interactors must be taken into account by post‐processing a niche/distributional model, or via population–demographic models that require abundance data over time. This framework should improve current correlative models and highlights areas requiring progress.
Historical biogeography of Boraginales: West Gondwanan vicariance followed by long‐distance dispersal?
Authors: Luebert Federico , Couvreur Thomas L. P. , Gottschling Marc , Hilger Hartmut H. , Miller James S. , Weigend Maximilian 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimTo examine the historical biogeography of the Boraginales using molecular dating and ancestral area reconstruction.LocationWorld‐wide.MethodsWe constructed data sets that included all major clades of Boraginales and all orders of asterids using previously published sequences of four plastid markers (trnL‐trnF, rps16, ndhF, rbcL). We estimated divergence times using a Bayesian uncorrelated, lognormal relaxed clock approach with four different fossil calibration schemes. Ancestral areas were reconstructed using maximum likelihood methods (Dispersal‐Extinction‐Cladogenesis).ResultsBoraginales originated during the Early to Late Cretaceous and started its diversification in the Late Cretaceous. The inferred ancestral area of Boraginales includes the Americas and Africa. The two major clades of Boraginales diversified during the Early Paleogene from African and American ancestors respectively. Early branching families in both clades (Codonaceae and Wellstediaceae in one clade and Hydrophyllacee and Namaceae in the other) may have remained restricted to their areas of origin. The other families started diversifying in several regions of the world during the Eocene (Boraginaceae s.str., Heliotropiaceae, Ehretiaceae) or later (Cordiaceae).Main conclusionsMolecular dating and ancestral area reconstruction may be broadly consistent with the idea of a vicariant origin of the two major clades of Boraginales after the break‐up of West Gondwana, followed by several independent trans‐oceanic dispersal events into most areas of the world. However, uncertainty in both divergence times and ancestral area reconstruction do not rule out the possibility of an origin involving long‐distance dispersal.
Phase 3, open‐label, randomized study of the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of ixekizumab following subcutaneous administration using a prefilled syringe or an autoinjector in patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis (UNCOVER‐A)
Authors: Callis Duffin K. , Bagel J. , Bukhalo M. , Mercado Clement I.J. , Choi S.L. , Zhao F. , Gill A. , Pangallo B. , Shuler C. , Mallbris L. , Jackson K. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe efficacy of ixekizumab, an anti‐interleukin‐17A (anti‐IL‐17A) monoclonal IgG4 antibody, was demonstrated in moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis patients when administered via prefilled syringe (PFS).ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of two drug delivery devices on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of ixekizumab as well as efficacy and safety with both devices.MethodsIn the first 12 weeks of an open‐label, phase 3 study, moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis patients were randomized to ixekizumab delivery via PFS or autoinjector device. Randomization was stratified by weight (<80 kg, 80–100 kg, >100 kg), injection assistance (yes/no) and injection site (arm, thigh or abdomen). Following a 160‐mg initial dose at week 0, patients received subcutaneous 80‐mg ixekizumab as a single injection every 2 weeks for 12 weeks. Blood samples were collected following the initial 160‐mg dose on days 2, 4, 7, 10 and 14 for PK analysis. Primary PK parameters were maximum concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUC0‐tlast) where tlast is the time of last sample (14 days ± 24 h). Efficacy was assessed by percent improvement on the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) at week 12. Adverse event reporting, vital signs and clinical laboratory data were used to evaluate safety.ResultsOf 204 randomized patients, 192 were included in the PK analysis (PFS: 94; autoinjector: 98). The PFS and autoinjector showed similar geometric mean Cmax (90% CI) [15.0 μg/mL (13.9–16.1) vs. 14.8 μg/mL (13.8–15.9)] and geometric mean AUC0‐tlast (90% CI) [157 μg × day/mL (147–168) vs. 154 μg × day/mL (144–165)]. When comparing Cmax and AUC0‐tlast of the autoinjector to PFS, the geometric LS mean ratios were 0.97. At week 12, mean percent PASI improvement (via modified baseline observation carried forward) was similar with the PFS (89.3%) and autoinjector (86.9%). Both devices had safety results that were consistent with the known safety profile of ixekizumab.ConclusionThe PK, efficacy and safety of ixekizumab administered subcutaneously by PFS and autoinjector were similar.Clinicaltrials.gov number: NCT01777191 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01777191
Disruption of host‐seeking behaviour by the salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, using botanically derived repellents
Authors: O'Shea B , Wadsworth S , Pino Marambio J , Birkett M A , Pickett J A , Mordue (Luntz) A J 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe potential for developing botanically derived natural products as novel feed‐through repellents for disrupting settlement of the salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Caligidae) upon farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, was investigated using an established laboratory vertical Y‐tube behavioural bioassay for assessing copepodid behaviour. Responses to artificial sea water conditioned with the odour of salmon, or to the known salmon‐derived kairomone component, α‐isophorone, in admixture with selected botanical materials previously known to interfere with invertebrate arthropod host location were recorded. Materials included oils extracted from garlic, Allium sativum (Amaryllidaceae), rosemary, Rosmarinus officinalis (Lamiaceae), lavender, Lavandula angustifolia (Lamiaceae), and bog myrtle, Myrica gale (Myricaceae), and individual components (diallyl sulphide and diallyl disulphide from garlic; allyl, propyl, butyl, 4‐pentenyl and 2‐phenylethyl isothiocyanate from plants in the Brassica genus). Removal of attraction to salmon‐conditioned water (SCW) or α‐isophorone was observed when listed materials were presented at extremely low parts per trillion (ppt), that is picograms per litre or 10−12 level. Significant masking of attraction to SCW was observed at a level of 10 ppt for diallyl disulphide and diallyl sulphide, and allyl isothiocyanate and butyl isothiocyanate. The potential of very low concentrations of masking compounds to disrupt Le. salmonis copepodid settlement on a host fish has been demonstrated in vitro.
Effectiveness of community‐based exercise intervention programme in obese adults with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Chang Shu‐Hung , Chen Miao‐Chuan , Chien Nai‐Hui , Lin Hsih‐Fong 
Published: August 2016

Aims and objectivesThe objective of this study was to change the anthropometric, clinical, biochemical indicators and the rate of metabolic syndrome among obese adults in community.BackgroundObesity is an indicator of metabolic syndrome and cardiometabolic diseases. Obesity increases national health care expenditure in Taiwan. The high prevalence of obesity is not only a public health issue but also an economic problem. Changes in lifestyle can help to prevent metabolic syndrome for individuals with obesity.DesignA randomised controlled trial was applied.MethodsIn this randomised controlled trial by location, 136 metabolically abnormal obese individuals were included. The related indicators with metabolic syndrome were measured at baseline and after six months. The experimental group participated in a six‐month community‐based programme including provided exercise environments, exercise skills and volunteers' reminding. The control group was only provided environment and skills.ResultsOne hundred and thirty‐one participants completed this trail. In comparison with the baseline, the intervention group showed a significant increase in high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (2·34 mg/dl), and decrease in body weight (1·09 kg), waist circumference (3·63 cm), systolic blood pressure (10·52 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (5·21 mmHg), fasting blood glucose (5·84 mg/dl) and body mass index (0·74 kg/m2). In the control group, significant decrease in body mass index and waist circumference were discovered. Compared to the changes between the two groups, the results showed there were significant differences in waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol.ConclusionsThe community‐based intervention could help to improve high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, reduce body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure and fasting blood glucose in metabolically abnormal obese.Relevance to clinical practiceThis community‐based programme helped metabolically abnormal obese individuals become metabolically healthy. In the future, community nurses will work with village heads and volunteers. They can encourage residents in the communities to have healthy lifestyle. As a result, the goal of this programme will be successfully achieved with less time and effort.
The Intergenerational Consequences of Parental Health Limitations
Authors: Hardie Jessica Halliday , Turney Kristin 
Published: August 2016

AbstractScholars have theorized interrelationships between family members' health and well‐being. Though prior research demonstrates associations between parents' and children's health, less is known about the relationship between parental health limitations and children's behavioral and academic outcomes. This article uses data from the Fragile Families and Child Well being Study (N = 3,273) to estimate the relationship between parental health limitations and four aspects of children's well‐being. Findings reveal that mothers' health limitations, especially when they occur in middle childhood or chronically, are independently associated with greater internalizing and externalizing behaviors, lower verbal ability, and worse overall health at age 9. Fathers' health limitations are not associated with children's well‐being. Fathers exert influence in other ways, as the relationship between mothers' chronic health limitations and children's internalizing behaviors is concentrated among children not residing with their fathers. These findings support the development of policies and interventions aimed at families.
Identification of a combined biomarker for malignant transformation in oral submucous fibrosis
Authors: Bazarsad Shadavlonjid , Zhang Xianglan , Kim Ki‐Yeol , Illeperuma Rasika , Jayasinghe Ruwan D , Tilakaratne Wanninayake M , Kim Jin 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundOral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic progressive disease of the oral cavity that is considered a common potentially malignant disorder in South Asia. Areca nut chewing is the main etiological factor, but its carcinogenic mechanism has yet to be proven. The purpose of this study was to identify the useful biomarkers in predicting high‐risk patients with OSF.MethodsThirty‐six cases of OSF and six cases of normal oral mucosa (NOM) were used for this study. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for Ki67, cyclin D1, p16, p53, β‐catenin, c‐Jun, c‐Met, and insulin‐like growth factor II mRNA‐binding protein 3 (IMP3). The expression patterns of NOM served as guidelines for the scoring system.ResultsThe expression of Ki67, cyclin D1, c‐Met, IMP3, and β‐catenin showed a significant difference between OSF and NOM samples. The combined biomarkers of Ki67 and p16 showed significantly different expression between the transformation and non‐transformation groups. With discriminant analysis, we proposed a noble formula and cutoff value for predicting high‐risk patients with OSF.ConclusionThe notable biomarkers in our present study were Ki67 and p16 showing significantly different expression levels between the transformation and non‐transformation groups. With the identification of high‐risk patients with OSF, we can expect to develop more intensive treatment modalities, leading to the reduction in cancer transformation rate from OSF.
The Association Between Leaf Malondialdehyde and Lignin Content and Resistance to Spot Blotch in Wheat
Authors: Yusuf Comfort S. , Chand Ramesh , Mishra Vinod K. , Joshi Arun K. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSpot blotch (causative pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoem) is a common disease of wheat in the Eastern Gangetic Plains region of India. The association of leaf malondialdehyde and lignin contents with the severity of spot blotch disease was studied using a correlation analysis based on a population of recombinant inbred lines bred from the cross cvs. Yangmai 6 (resistant) × Sonalika (susceptible). The material was field‐tested over two consecutive years and inoculated artificially with a highly virulent strain of the pathogen. Disease severity was assessed at three growth stages around and after anthesis. Leaf lignin content tended to be higher in the more resistant RILs, while the opposite was the case for leaf malondialdehyde content. Lesion size showed a positive correlation with disease severity and leaf malondialdehyde content, while disease severity and leaf lignin content were negatively correlated with one another, as were leaf malondialdehyde and leaf lignin content. Leaf malondialdehyde and/or leaf lignin content could be informative as markers for selection for higher levels of resistance against spot blotch in wheat.
Evaluation of Cassava Cultivars for Resistance to Cassava Mosaic Disease and Yield Potential in Central African Republic
Authors: Zinga Innocent , Chiroleu Frédéric , Valam Zango Adonise , Ballot Christian Simplice Arnaud , Harimalala Mireille , Kosh Komba Ephrem , Yandia Prosper Simplice , Semballa Silla , Reynaud Bernard , Lefeuvre Pierre , Lett Jean‐Michel , Dintinger Jacques 
Published: August 2016

AbstractEleven cassava genotypes were tested against cassava mosaic disease (CMD) and compared to a local susceptible cultivar in field conditions from June 2011 to July 2012 in Central African Republic (CAR) at two sites representative of the savanna (Damara) and forest (Pissa) zones of the country. The mean number of whiteflies observed on plants varied among genotypes within each site, but was found nearly three times higher at Damara than at Pissa, resulting in a CMD incidence nearly five times higher at Damara than at Pissa. However, no relation was observed between the number of insect on the plants and the level of susceptibility/resistance of the genotypes. The difference of disease pressure between the two sites revealed high level of resistance in several genotypes, while some other ones indicated rather only a partial resistance. Nevertheless, none of the genotypes tested was found immune, in the end, the virus being detected at least in one site in every genotype, including those ones presenting no symptoms in both sites. The impact of CMD on yield components was assessed on the local susceptible check and three partially resistant genotypes, showing that the disease has no significant effect on the tuberous roots number as well as their weight in both sites. The yield potential varied among different genotypes and between the two sites, the mean number of tuberous roots as well as their mean weight being higher in Damara than in Pissa. This study identified highly resistant genotypes such as ‘Gabon’ that performed well in both sites, and ‘91/02322’ that was symptomless and presented a yield potential equivalent to the local check. These genotypes could be distributed to growers with the main advantage to be resistant to CMD and, therefore, reducing the risk to spread sources of inoculum all over the cassava cropping areas in the country.
Validity and reliability of the Family Empowerment Scale for caregivers of adults with mental health issues
Authors: Kageyama M. , Nakamura Y. , Kobayashi S. , Yokoyama K. 
Published: August 2016

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

Empowerment of family caregivers of adults with mental health issues has received increasing attention among mental health nurses in Japan and has been recognized as a new goal of family interventions.

The Family Empowerment Scale (FES) was originally developed to measure the empowerment status of parents of children with emotional disorders. However, it was later applied to broader health issues.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

We developed a Japanese version of the FES for family caregivers of adults with mental health issues (FES‐AMJ) and examined the validity and reliability among parents. Results showed that the FES‐AMJ had acceptable concurrent validity and reliability; however, insufficient construct validity was found, especially for the subscale regarding the service system.

What are the implications for practice?

Further studies need to modify the scale. Clarification of ideal family empowerment status in the service system through discussion with mental health nurses and family caregivers may be important.

AbstractIntroductionThe Family Empowerment Scale (FES) was originally developed for parents of children with emotional disorders. In Japan, family empowerment is gaining increasing attention and may be one goal of nursing interventions.AimTo develop a Japanese version of the FES for family caregivers of adults with mental health issues and to study the validity and reliability of this scale among parents.MethodWe translated the FES into Japanese and administered this self‐report questionnaire to 275 parents.ResultsThe multitrait scaling analysis revealed acceptable convergent validity and insufficient discriminant validity among all subscales. In particular, all items of the Service system subscale had insufficient discriminant and/or convergent validity. Each subscale significantly correlated with the indicator of empowerment. The intraclass correlation coefficients of each subscale were .855–.917. Cronbach's alpha of each factor ranged from .867 to .895.DiscussionThe Service system subscale may not linearly reflect family empowerment, and instead may depend on unclear roles of family caregivers of adults, disorder severity or insufficient services.Implications for practiceFurther studies need to modify the scale. Clarification of ideal family empowerment status in the service system through discussion with mental health nurses and family caregivers may be important.