bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Footwear characteristics in people with inflammatory arthritis in Singapore
Authors: Carter K. , Lahiri M. , Cheung P. P. , Santosa A. , Rome K. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundFoot problems are common in people with inflammatory arthritis. Despite suitable footwear having the potential to alleviate pain, improve mobility and maintain independence, previous studies have found many people with inflammatory arthritis wearing poorly fitting and inappropriate footwear. Footwear styles and characteristics have not been reported in a Singapore inflammatory arthritis population. The objective of this study was to identify current footwear styles and characteristics of footwear worn by people with inflammatory arthritis in Singapore.MethodsOne‐hundred‐and‐one participants with inflammatory arthritis were recruited from the rheumatology outpatient clinic of a large public hospital in Singapore. Disease and clinical characteristics were recorded. A patient‐reported outcome included current foot pain. An objective footwear assessment of style, age of shoe, fit and construction was conducted.ResultsThe majority of participants were Chinese women with a mean (SD) age was 52.0 (15.0) years old and a mean (SD) disease duration of 9.3 (0.3) years. We found 50 % of participants (n = 51) reported footwear problems. Sandals (n = 27, 26 %), flip‐flops (n = 19, 19 %) and moccasin type (n = 19, 19 %) was the most common footwear choice. Evaluation of footwear characteristics found that there was a lack of motion control features. Only 32 (32 %) participants had correctly fitting footwear with regard to length, width and depth. No participant was wearing therapeutic footwear.ConclusionThis study provides the first insight into footwear preferences of people with inflammatory arthritis in Singapore. Use of slip‐on and poorly fitting footwear was found to be common in people with inflammatory arthritis. Further research on footwear preferences in Southeast‐Asian communities needs to take into account cultural habit and preference, socio‐economic status, footwear options and affordability.
In vivo functional analysis of Drosophila Robo1 immunoglobulin-like domains
Authors: Reichert Marie C. , Brown Haley E. , Evans Timothy A. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Background
In animals with bilateral symmetry, midline crossing of axons in the developing central nervous system is regulated by Slit ligands and their neuronal Roundabout (Robo) receptors. Multiple structural domains are present in an evolutionarily conserved arrangement in Robo family proteins, but our understanding of the functional importance of individual domains for midline repulsive signaling is limited.

Methods
We have examined the functional importance of each of the five conserved immunoglobulin-like (Ig) domains within the Drosophila Robo1 receptor. We generated a series of Robo1 variants, each lacking one of the five Ig domains (Ig1-5), and tested each for their ability to bind Slit when expressed in cultured Drosophila cells. We used a transgenic approach to express each variant in robo1’s normal expression pattern in wild-type and robo1 mutant embryos, and examined the effects of deleting each domain on receptor expression, axonal localization, regulation, and midline repulsive signaling in vivo.

Results
We show that individual deletion of Ig domains 2–5 does not interfere with Robo1’s ability to bind Slit, while deletion of Ig1 strongly disrupts Slit binding. None of the five Ig domains (Ig1-5) are individually required for proper expression of Robo1 in embryonic neurons, for exclusion from commissural axon segments in wild-type embryos, or for downregulation by Commissureless (Comm), a negative regulator of Slit-Robo repulsion in Drosophila. Each of the Robo1 Ig deletion variants (with the exception of Robo1∆Ig1) were able to restore midline crossing in robo1 mutant embryos to nearly the same extent as full-length Robo1, indicating that Ig domains 2–5 are individually dispensable for midline repulsive signaling in vivo.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that four of the five Ig domains within Drosophila Robo1 are dispensable for its role in midline repulsion, despite their strong evolutionary conservation, and highlight a unique requirement for the Slit-binding Ig1 domain in the regulation of midline crossing.
Periodic and fixed points of the Leader-type contractions in quasi-triangular spaces
Authors: Włodarczyk Kazimierz 
Published: August 2016

AbstractLet $C=\{C_{\alpha}\}_{\alpha\in\mathcal{A}}\in[1;\infty)^{\mathcal{A}}$
C
=

{

C
α

}

α
∈
A

∈
[
1
;
∞

)
A

with index set $\mathcal{A}$
A
. A quasi-triangular space $(X,\mathcal{P}_{C;\mathcal{A}})$
(
X
,

P

C
;
A

)
is a set X with family $\mathcal{P}_{C;\mathcal{A}}=\{p_{\alpha}:X^{2}\rightarrow[0,\infty),\alpha \in \mathcal{A}\}$

P

C
;
A

=
{

p
α

:

X
2

→
[
0
,
∞
)
,
α
∈
A
}
satisfying $\forall_{\alpha\in\mathcal{A}}\forall _{u,v,w\in X}\{p_{\alpha}(u,w)\leq C_{\alpha}[p_{\alpha }(u,v)+p_{\alpha }(v,w)]\}$

∀

α
∈
A

∀

u
,
v
,
w
∈
X

{

p
α

(
u
,
w
)
≤

C
α

[

p
α

(
u
,
v
)
+

p
α

(
v
,
w
)
]
}
. In $(X,\mathcal{P}_{C;\mathcal{A}})$
(
X
,

P

C
;
A

)
, using the left (right) families $\mathcal{J}_{C;\mathcal{A}}$

J

C
;
A

generated by $\mathcal {P}_{C;\mathcal{A}}$

P

C
;
A

($\mathcal{P}_{C;\mathcal{A}}$

P

C
;
A

is a particular case of $\mathcal {J}_{C;\mathcal{A}}$

J

C
;
A

), we establish theorems concerning left (right) $\mathcal {P}_{C;\mathcal{A}}$

P

C
;
A

-convergence, existence, periodic point, fixed point, and (when $(X,\mathcal{P}_{C;\mathcal{A}})$
(
X
,

P

C
;
A

)
is separable) uniqueness for $\mathcal{J}_{C;\mathcal{A}}$

J

C
;
A

-contractions and weak $\mathcal {J}_{C;\mathcal{A}}$

J

C
;
A

-contractions $T:X\rightarrow X$
T
:
X
→
X
satisfying $\forall_{x,y\in X}\forall _{\alpha\in\mathcal{A}}\forall_{\varepsilon>0}\exists_{\eta >0}\exists _{r\in\mathbb{N}}\forall_{s,l\in\mathbb{N}}\{J_{\alpha }(T^{[s]}(x),T^{[l]}(y)) < \eta+\varepsilon \Rightarrow C_{\alpha }J_{\alpha}(T^{[s+r]}(x),T^{[l+r]}(y))<\varepsilon\}$

∀

x
,
y
∈
X

∀

α
∈
A

∀

ε
>
0

∃

η
>
0

∃

r
∈
N

∀

s
,
l
∈
N

{

J
α

(

T

[
s
]

(
x
)
,

T

[
l
]

(
y
)
)
<
η
+
ε
⇒

C
α

J
α

(

T

[
s
+
r
]

(
x
)
,

T

[
l
+
r
]

(
y
)
)
<
ε
}
and $\exists _{w^{0}\in X}\forall_{\alpha\in\mathcal{A}}\forall_{\varepsilon >0}\exists_{\eta>0}\exists_{r\in\mathbb{N}} \forall_{s,l\in \mathbb{N}}\{J_{\alpha}(T^{[s]}(w^{0}), T^{[l]}(w^{0}))<\eta+\varepsilon \Rightarrow C_{\alpha}J_{\alpha }(T^{[s+r]}(w^{0}),T^{[l+r]}(w^{0}))<\varepsilon\}$

∃

w
0

∈
X

∀

α
∈
A

∀

ε
>
0

∃

η
>
0

∃

r
∈
N

∀

s
,
l
∈
N

{

J
α

(

T

[
s
]

(

w
0

)
,

T

[
l
]

(

w
0

)
)
<
η
+
ε
⇒

C
α

J
α

(

T

[
s
+
r
]

(

w
0

)
,

T

[
l
+
r
]

(

w
0

)
)
<
ε
}
, respectively. The spaces $(X,\mathcal{P}_{C;\mathcal{A}})$
(
X
,

P

C
;
A

)
, in particular, generalize metric, ultrametric, quasi-metric, ultra-quasi-metric, b-metric, partial metric, partial b-metric, pseudometric, quasi-pseudometric, ultra-quasi-pseudometric, partial quasi-pseudometric, topological, uniform, quasi-uniform, gauge, ultra gauge, partial gauge, quasi-gauge, ultra-quasi-gauge, and partial quasi-gauge spaces. Results are new in all these spaces. Examples are provided.
SiglecF+Gr1hi eosinophils are a distinct subpopulation within the lungs of allergen-challenged mice
Authors: Percopo Caroline M , Brenner Todd A , Ma Michelle , Kraemer Laura S , Hakeem Reem M A , Lee James J , Rosenberg Helene F 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Although eosinophils as a group are readily identified by their unique morphology and staining properties, flow cytometry provides an important means for identification of subgroups based on differential expression of distinct surface Ags. Here, we characterize an eosinophil subpopulation defined by high levels of expression of the neutrophil Ag Gr1 (CD45+CD11c−SiglecF+Gr1hi). SiglecF+Gr1hi eosinophils, distinct from the canonical SiglecF+Gr1− eosinophil population, were detected in allergen-challenged wild-type and granule protein-deficient (EPX−/− and MBP-1−/−) mice, but not in the eosinophil-deficient ΔdblGATA strain. In contrast to Gr1+ neutrophils, which express both cross-reacting Ags Ly6C and Ly6G, SiglecF+Gr1hi eosinophils from allergen-challenged lung tissue are uniquely Ly6G+. Although indistinguishable from the more-numerous SiglecF+Gr1− eosinophils under light microscopy, FACS-isolated populations revealed prominent differences in cytokine contents. The lymphocyte-targeting cytokines CXCL13 and IL-27 were identified only in the SiglecF+Gr1hi eosinophil population (at 3.9 and 4.8 pg/106 cells, respectively), as was the prominent proinflammatory mediator IL-13 (72 pg/106 cells). Interestingly, bone marrow-derived (SiglecF+), cultured eosinophils include a more substantial Gr1+ subpopulation (∼50%); Gr1+ bmEos includes primarily a single Ly6C+ and a smaller, double-positive (Ly6C+Ly6G+) population. Taken together, our findings characterize a distinct SiglecF+Gr1hi eosinophil subset in lungs of allergen-challenged, wild-type and granule protein-deficient mice. SiglecF+Gr1hi eosinophils from wild-type mice maintain a distinct subset of cytokines, including those active on B and T lymphocytes. These cytokines may facilitate eosinophil-mediated immunomodulatory responses in the allergen-challenged lung as well as in other distinct microenvironments.
Taking the STING out of TLR-driven autoimmune diseases: good, bad, or indifferent?
Authors: Pawaria Sudesh , Sharma Shruti , Baum Rebecca , Nündel Kerstin , Busto Patricia , Gravallese Ellen M , Fitzgerald Katherine A , Marshak-Rothstein Ann 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Both endosomal and cytosolic-nucleic acid–sensing receptors can detect endogenous ligands and promote autoimmunity and autoinflammation. These responses involve a complex interplay among and between the cytosolic and endosomal sensors involving both hematopoietic and radioresistant cells. Cytosolic sensors directly promote inflammatory responses through the production of type I IFNs and proinflammatory cytokines. Inflammation-associated tissue damage can further promote autoimmune responses indirectly, as receptor-mediated internalization of the resulting cell debris can activate endosomal Toll-like receptors (TLR). Both endosomal and cytosolic receptors can also negatively regulate inflammatory responses. A better understanding of the factors and pathways that promote and constrain autoimmune diseases will have important implications for the development of agonists and antagonists that modulate these pathways.
Differential effects of HIV transmission from monocyte-derived dendritic cells vs. monocytes to IL-17+CD4+ T cells
Authors: Mitsuki Yu-ya , Tuen Michael , Hioe Catarina E 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
HIV infection leads to CD4 helper T cell (Th) loss, but not all Th cells are equally depleted. The contribution of other immune cells in the Th depletion also remains unclear. This study investigates HIV transmission from monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) vs. monocytes to Th17 and Th1 cells using an allogeneic coculture model. The addition of HIV to MDDCs increased the expression of the negative regulatory molecule PD-L1 and decreased the expression of the activation markers HLA-DR and CD86, whereas the virus up-regulated HLA-DR and CD86, but not PD-L1, on monocytes. Coculturing of CD4+ T cells with MDDCs pretreated with HIV led to the decline of Th17, but not Th1, responses. In contrast, pretreatment of monocytes with HIV increased Th17 without affecting Th1 responses. The enhanced Th17 responses in the cocultures with HIV-treated monocytes were also accompanied by high numbers of virus-infected CD4+ T cells. The Th17 expansion arose from memory CD4+ T cells with minimal contribution from naïve CD4+ T cells. The Th17-enhancing activity was mediated by the HIV envelope and did not require productive virus infection. Comparison of MDDCs and monocytes further showed that, although HIV-treated MDDCs reduced Th proliferation and increased the activation of the apoptosis mediator caspase-3, HIV-treated monocytes enhanced Th proliferation without increasing the active caspase-3 levels. This study indicates the potential role of distinct myeloid cell populations in shaping Th17 responses during HIV infection.
Increased anticipatory but decreased consummatory brain responses to food in sisters of anorexia nervosa patients
Authors: Horndasch Stefanie , O'Keefe Sophie , Lamond Anneka , Brown Katie , McCabe Ciara 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundWe have previously shown increased anticipatory and consummatory neural responses to rewarding and aversive food stimuli in women recovered from anorexia nervosa (AN).AimsTo determine whether these differences are trait markers for AN, we examined the neural response in those with a familial history but no personal history of AN.MethodThirty-six volunteers were recruited: 15 who had a sister with anorexia nervosa (family history) and 21 control participants. Using fMRI we examined the neural response during an anticipatory phase (food cues, rewarding and aversive), an effort phase and a consummatory phase (rewarding and aversive tastes).ResultsFamily history (FH) volunteers showed increased activity in the caudate during the anticipation of both reward and aversive food and in the thalamus and amygdala during anticipation of aversive only. FH had decreased activity in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, the pallidum and the superior frontal gyrus during taste consumption.ConclusionsIncreased neural anticipatory but decreased consummatory responses to food might be a biomarker for AN. Interventions that could normalise these differences may help to prevent disorder onset.
Role of Versican in the Pathogenesis of Peritoneal Endometriosis
Authors: Tani Hirohiko , Sato Yukiyasu , Ueda Masashi , Miyazaki Yumiko , Suginami Koh , Horie Akihito , Konishi Ikuo , Shinomura Tamayuki 
Published: August 2016

Context:
Sampson’s theory cannot explain why only some cycling women develop peritoneal endometriosis. Few studies have focused on the pelvic peritoneum, which receives regurgitated endometrial tissues. We hypothesized that molecular alterations in the peritoneum are involved in the development of peritoneal endometriosis and conducted a microarray analysis to compare macroscopically normal peritoneum sampled from women with peritoneal endometriosis (endometriotic peritoneum) and those without (non-endometriotic peritoneum). Versican, a major proteoglycan component of the extracellular matrix, is one of the molecules up-regulated in endometriotic peritoneum.

Objective:
To investigate the role of versican in peritoneal endometriosis.

Design, Patients, and Main Outcome Measure:
Endometriotic peritoneum and non-endometriotic peritoneum were subjected to RT-PCR, immunostaining, and Western blotting. The versican V1 isoform was stably transfected into Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-V1), and the effects of CHO-V1-derived conditioned medium (V1-CM) on primary human endometrial stromal cells were investigated with attachment, invasion, and proliferation assays. The effects of peritoneal fluid collected from endometriotic women (endometriotic PF) or cytokines/growth factors, which were shown to be elevated in endometriotic PF, on versican expression in a human peritoneal cell line (HMrSV5) were also examined.

Results:
Versican V1 expression levels were significantly higher in endometriotic peritoneum. In vitro, V1-CM promoted attachment to the HMrSV5 cell monolayer as well as the Matrigel invasion of endometrial stromal cells. Although versican V1 expression was up-regulated by TGF-β1 in HMrSV5 cells, it remained unchanged in endometriotic PF.

Conclusions:
Our results suggest the involvement of peritoneal versican in the development of peritoneal endometriosis.
Expiratory Flow Limitation as a Risk Factor for Pulmonary Complications After Major Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Spadaro Savino , Caramori Gaetano , Rizzuto Chiara , Mojoli Francesco , Zani Gianluca , Ragazzi Riccardo , Valpiani Giorgia , Dalla Corte Francesca , Marangoni Elisabetta , Volta Carlo Alberto 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND:
Postoperative pulmonary complications are major causes of postoperative morbidity and mortality. Although several risk factors have been associated with postoperative pulmonary complications, they are not consistent between studies and, even in those studies in which these factors were identified, the predictive power is low. We hypothesized that postoperative pulmonary complications would correlate with the presence of intraoperative expiratory flow limitation.

METHODS:
Candidates for this prospective observational study were patients undergoing general anesthesia for major abdominal surgery. Preoperative data collection included age, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists class, smoking and dyspnea history, and room air Po
2. Expiratory flow limitation was assessed intraoperatively using the positive end-expiratory pressure test. Postoperative data collection included the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications.

RESULTS:
Of the 330 patients we enrolled, 31% exhibited expiratory flow limitation. On univariate analysis, patients with expiratory flow limitation were more likely to have postoperative pneumonia (5% vs 0%, P < .001) and acute respiratory failure (11% vs 1%, P < .001) and a longer length of hospital stay (7 vs 9 days, P < .01). Multivariate analysis identified that expiratory flow limitation increased the risk of developing postoperative pulmonary complications by >50% (risk ratio, 2.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.7–4.2). Age and Medical Research Council dyspnea score were also significant multivariate risk factors for pulmonary complications.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our results show that intraoperative expiratory flow limitation correlates with that of postoperative pulmonary complication after major abdominal surgery. Further work is needed to better understand the relevance of expiratory flow limitation on postoperative pulmonary outcomes.
Prevention of Spinal Anesthesia-Induced Hypotension During Cesarean Delivery by 5-Hydroxytryptamine-3 Receptor Antagonists: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis and Meta-regression
Authors: Heesen Michael , Klimek Markus , Hoeks Sanne E. , Rossaint Rolf 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND:
Hypotension remains a frequent complication of spinal anesthesia, increasing the risk of nausea and vomiting, altered mental status, and aspiration. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine whether 5-hydroxytryptamine3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonists, administered before the initiation of spinal anesthesia, mitigate hypotension.

METHODS:
After a systematic literature search in various databases, randomized placebo-controlled double-blind trials studying the preventive effect of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists were included. A random-effects model was applied, risk ratio (RR, binary variables) or weighted mean difference (continuous variables) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. The primary outcome was the incidence of hypotension.

RESULTS:
Seventeen trials (8 obstetric, 9 non-obstetric) reporting on 1604 patients were identified. Ondansetron in doses from 2 to 12 mg was studied in 12 trials. Prophylactic 5-HT3 administration significantly reduced the risk of hypotension in the combined analysis of 17 trials, RR 0.54 (95% CI 0.36–0.81, I
2 = 79%). In obstetric trials, the RR was 0.52, 95% CI 0.30–0.88, I
2 = 87% (number needed to treat 4). In non-obstetric studies, the 95% CIs were wide and included a clinically relevant reduction in the risk of hypotension (RR 0.50, 95% CI 0.22–1.16; I
2 = 66%). Contour-enhanced funnel plots confirmed publication bias. Meta-regression showed a significant ondansetron dose response in non-obstetric patients (β = −0.355, P = .04). In the combined and in the obstetric-only analysis, the risk of bradycardia was significantly reduced as was the use of phenylephrine equivalents.

CONCLUSIONS:
5-HT3 antagonists are effective in reducing the incidence of hypotension and bradycardia; the effects are moderate and are only significant in the subgroup of patients undergoing cesarean delivery. The effects in the non-obstetric population are not significant.
(Population) Health Law in Theory
Authors: Gatter Robert 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis essay explores the viability of using the population health legal norm developed by Professor Wendy Parmet in her book Populations, Public Health, and the Law as a basis for theorizing health law. Based on the application of five criteria, the essay concludes that a population health legal norm has potential as a framework for theorizing health law, especially in comparison to other proposed health law theories. Yet, its potential turns on the ability of theorists to provide a detailed account of individual rights under a population health framework.
The LINC and NPC relationship – it's complicated!
Authors: Jahed Zeinab , Soheilypour Mohammad , Peyro Mohaddeseh , Mofrad Mohammad R. K. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
The genetic information of eukaryotic cells is enclosed within a double-layered nuclear envelope, which comprises an inner and outer nuclear membrane. Several transmembrane proteins locate to the nuclear envelope; however, only two integral protein complexes span the nuclear envelope and connect the inside of the nucleus to the cytoplasm. The nuclear pore complex (NPC) acts as a gateway for molecular exchange between the interior of the nucleus and the cytoplasm, whereas so-called LINC complexes physically link the nucleoskeleton and the cytoskeleton. In this Commentary, we will discuss recent studies that have established direct functional associations between these two complexes. The assembly of NPCs and their even distribution throughout the nuclear envelope is dependent on components of the LINC complex. Additionally, LINC complex formation is dependent on the successful localization of inner nuclear membrane components of LINC complexes and their transport through the NPC. Furthermore, the architecture of the nuclear envelope depends on both protein complexes. Finally, we will present recent evidence showing that LINC complexes can affect nucleo-cytoplasmic transport through the NPC, further highlighting the importance of understanding the associations of these essential complexes at the nuclear envelope.