bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cefepime: A Fourth-Generation Parenteral Cephalosporin
Authors: Wynd Michael A , Paladino Joseph A 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE: To review the chemistry, microbiology, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic efficacy, adverse effect profile, drug interactions, dosing, and administration of cefepime, a new fourth-generation parenteral cephalosporin. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search of the available literature, including clinical trials and reviews, was performed. Abstracts presented at recent scientific conferences and current publications were also reviewed. DATA SELECTION: In vitro and preclinical data were included, as well as data from Phase II and III clinical trials. DATA SYNTHESIS: Cefepime is an extended-spectrum parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic active in vitro against a broad spectrum of gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic bacteria. The gram-positive spectrum is similar to that of cefotaxime, the gram-negative spectrum is similar to that of ceftazidime, and many, though not all, organisms resistant to these two agents remain susceptible to cefepime, prompting the fourth-generation designation. Cefepime has a high affinity for penicillin-binding proteins and, due to its zwitterionic configuration, rapidly penetrates outer-membrane porin channels of bacteria. Beta-lactamases appear to have a low affinity for the drug. Cefepime has a decreased propensity to induce beta-lactamases compared with other beta-lactam antibiotics. Cefepime has a pharmacokinetic disposition similar to that of other renally eliminated cephalosporins, with a half-life of approximately 2 hours. Cefepime has demonstrated clinical efficacy against a variety of infections, including urinary tract infections, pneumonia, and skin and skin structure infections. Cefepime is generally well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: Cefepime may have several chemical and pharmacologic advantages over currently available third-generation cephalosporins. In vitro data indicate that cefepime retains activity against some, but not all, gram-negative bacteria resistant to third-generation cephalosporins; however, clinical efficacy against infections due to resistant pathogens remains to be established. Cefepime was at least as effective as comparators during clinical trials, and may prove to be a viable alternative to other currently available agents.
Clinical Implications of Antidepressant Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacogenetics
Authors: Cohen Lawrence J , DeVane C Lindsay 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE: To review available data on pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic influences on the response to antidepressant therapy, analyze the mechanisms for and clinical significance of pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic differences, and explain the implications of pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics for patient care. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search of English-language clinical studies, abstracts, and review articles on antidepressant pharmacokinetics, pharmacogenetics, and drug interactions was used to identify pertinent literature. DATA SYNTHESIS: The pharmacokinetic profiles of selected antidepressants are reviewed and the impact of hepatic microsomal enzymes on antidepressant metabolism is considered. How phenotypic differences influence the metabolism of antidepressant drug therapy is addressed. To evaluate the clinical implications of these pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic considerations, the findings of studies designed to elucidate drug interactions involving antidepressant agents are discussed. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in antidepressant plasma concentrations, and possibly safety, are caused by polymorphism in the genes that encode some of the cytochrome P450 isoenzymes that metabolize antidepressants. The isoenzymes 1A2, 2C9/19, 2D6, and 3A4 are the major enzymes that catalyze antidepressant metabolic reactions. Antidepressants can be either substrates or inhibitors of these enzymes, which also metabolize many other pharmacologic agents. Although the cytochrome enzymes that metabolize antidepressants have not been fully characterized, interaction profiles of the newer antidepressants are becoming more clearly defined. Determining patient phenotypes is not practical in the clinical setting, but an awareness of the possibility of genetic polymorphism in antidepressant metabolism may help explain therapeutic failure or toxicity, help predict the likelihood of drug interactions, and help clinicians better manage antidepressant drug therapy.
Heated intravenous fluids alone fail to prevent hypothermia in cats under general anaesthesia
Authors: Jourdan Geraldine , Didier Caroline , Chotard Erwan , Jacques Sandra , Verwaerde Patrick 
Published: January 2017

Objectives The objective was to evaluate the clinical efficiacy of a constant rate infusion of heated fluid as the sole means of preventing intraoperative hypothermia in cats. Methods This randomised, prospective, clinical study was conducted at a university teaching veterinary hospital. Female cats (American Society of Anesthesiologists [ASA] grade I) undergoing elective surgery by laparotomy under general anaesthesia (acepromazine 0.05 mg/kg SC; morphine 0.2 mg/kg IV; propofol IV titrated, isoflurane 2% in 100% oxygen) were randomised in two groups. Both groups were infused with fluid (NaCl 0.9%, 5 ml/kg/h) either at room temperature (control group) or prewarmed at 43°C (warmed group) using an Astoflo Plus eco (Stihler Electronic) fluid heating device. No other heating device was used. Temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate and SpO2 were evaluated after induction (T0) and every 15 mins for 1 h (T15, T30, T45, T60). Mean arterial blood pressure was recorded every 30 mins (T0, T30 and T60). Results Thirty-four female cats (ASA grade I) were enrolled in the study. There was no difference in age, weight, propofol dose or room temperature (22.4 ± 1.1°C vs 22.0 ± 1.5°C; P = 0.363) between control and warmed groups, respectively. In both groups, oesophageal temperature significantly decreased during anaesthesia ( P <0.0001). The temperature decrease after 1 h was −3.6 ± 0.7°C in the warmed group and was not significantly different from the control group (−3.4 ± 0.7°C; P = 0.307). The slopes of the temperature decrease did not significantly differ between the two groups (–0.058 ± 0.013°C/min vs −0.060 ± 0.010°C/min for the control and warmed groups, respectively; P = 0.624). Conclusions and relevance This study provides clinical evidence that a constant rate infusion of heated fluid alone fails to prevent intraoperative hypothermia in cats. The low infusion rate (5 ml/kg/h) could partly explain the ineffectiveness of this active warming device in minimising or delaying the onset of intraoperative hypothermia.
Percutaneous cholecystocentesis in cats with suspected hepatobiliary disease
Authors: Byfield Victoria L , Callahan Clark Julie E , Turek Bradley J , Bradley Charles W , Rondeau Mark P 
Published: January 2017

Objectives The objective was to evaluate the safety and diagnostic utility of percutaneous ultrasound-guided cholecystocentesis (PUC) in cats with suspected hepatobiliary disease. Methods Medical records of 83 cats with suspected hepatobiliary disease that underwent PUC were retrospectively reviewed. Results At the time of PUC, at least one additional procedure was performed in 79/83 cats, including hepatic aspiration and/or biopsy (n = 75) and splenic aspiration (n = 18). Complications were noted in 14/83 cases, including increased abdominal fluid (n = 11), needle-tip occlusion (n = 1), failed first attempt to penetrate the gall bladder wall (n = 1) and pneumoperitoneum (n = 1). There were no reports of gall bladder rupture, bile peritonitis or hypotension necessitating treatment with vasopressor medication. Blood products were administered to 7/83 (8%) cats. Seventy-two cats (87%) survived to discharge. Of the cats that were euthanized (9/83) or died (2/83), none were reported as a definitive consequence of PUC. Bacteria were identified cytologically in 10/71 samples (14%); all 10 had a positive aerobic bacterial culture. Bile culture was positive in 11/80 samples (14%). Of the cases with a positive bile culture, cytological description of bacteria corresponded to the organism cultured in fewer than 50% of cases. The most common cytologic diagnosis was hepatic lipidosis (49/66). The most common histopathologic diagnosis was cholangitis (10/21). Conclusions and relevance PUC was safe in this group of cats with suspected hepatobiliary disease. Complications were likely associated with ancillary procedures performed at the time of PUC. Bile analysis yielded an abnormal result in nearly one-third of cats with suspected hepatobiliary disease. Complete agreement between bile cytology and culture was lacking. Further evaluation of the correlation between bile cytology and bile culture is warranted.
Data accuracy in the Victorian Perinatal Data Collection: Results of a validation study of 2011 data
Authors: Flood Margaret M , McDonald Susan J , Pollock Wendy E , Davey Mary-Ann 
Published: January 2017

Objective: Public health data sets such as the Victorian Perinatal Data Collection (VPDC) provide an important source for health planning, monitoring, policy, research and reporting purposes. Data quality is paramount, requiring periodic assessment of data accuracy. This article describes the conduct and findings of a validation study of data on births in 2011 extracted from the VPDC. Method: Data from a random sample of one percent of births in Victoria in 2011 were extracted from original medical records at the birth hospital and compared with data held in the VPDC. Accuracy was determined for 93 variables. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated for dichotomous items. Results: Accuracy of 17 data items was 99% or more, the majority being neonatal and intrapartum items, and 95% or more for 46 items. Episodes of care with the highest proportion of items with accuracy of 95% or more were neonatal and postnatal items at 80 and 64%, respectively. Accuracy was below 80% for nine items introduced in 2009. Agreement between medical records and VPDC data ranged from 48% to 100%, the exception being two highly inaccurate smoking-related items. Reasons for discrepancies between VPDC data and medical records included miscoding, missing and inconsistent information. Conclusion: This study found high levels of accuracy for data reported to the VPDC for births in 2011; however, some data items introduced in 2009 and not previously validated were less accurate. Data may be used with confidence overall and with awareness of limitations for some new items.
Post-Occupancy Evaluation of a Mental Healthcare Facility Based on Staff Perceptions of Design Innovations
Authors: Kalantari Saleh , Snell Robin 
Published: January 2017

Objectives: This study was a post-occupancy evaluation (POE) to examine the effectiveness of three specific design innovations in a mental healthcare facility. In addition to collecting data about the impact of these specific designs, the study provides a model for the broader implementation of POE approaches in the mental healthcare context. Background: POEs in general healthcare settings have been shown to lead to better work environments and better outcomes for patients. Despite growing evidence of the value provided by POE studies, the industry has been somewhat slow to adopt their regular use, in part due to unfamiliarity with the POE process. This is particularly true in mental healthcare contexts, where POE studies remain virtually nonexistent. Method: In-depth interviews and a widely distributed, anonymous survey were used to collect hospital staff perceptions and feedback regarding the impact of specific design features. Results: The hospital staff were quite enthusiastic about two of the design innovations studied here (a new wayfinding strategy and the use of vibrant colors in specific areas of the facility). The third innovation, open-style communication centers, elicited more mixed evaluations. The results include extensive hypothesis testing about the effects of each innovation as well as narrative discussions of their pros and cons. Conclusions: The study generated new knowledge about three specific mental healthcare design innovations and provides a model for the practical implementation of a POE approach in mental healthcare contexts. The results are particularly relevant for designers who are considering innovative strategies in future mental healthcare facilities.
Examining the Linearity of Customer Satisfaction: Return on Satisfaction as an Alternative
Authors: Devasagayam Raj , R. Stark Nicholas , Valestin Laura Spitz 
Published: January 2017

Past literature has suggested maximizing customer satisfaction as a strategic choice to increase customer loyalty and ensuring revenues. However, the relationship between increased customer satisfaction and resultant revenue has remained unexamined. This research focuses on optimizing customer satisfaction rather than maximizing it. This optimization of customer satisfaction is based on maximizing profitability. In aiming for higher customer satisfaction levels with no regard to profitability, a company runs the risk of self-annihilation. Based on conceptual foundations of prior research on Return on Quality (ROQ), we propose the construct of Return on Satisfaction (ROS). We review frameworks of customer satisfaction examined by scholars in marketing and then propose a conceptual ROS model. We use empirical data (n =1597) obtained from an institution of higher education to test the conceptual model we propose. Results indicate that the data demonstrates construct validity and points to promising directions for further research. We conclude by underscoring managerial implications as well as the scholarly contributions of this research.
Cost of Outpatient Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Among Commercially Insured Patients in the United States, 2005-2013
Authors: Herzog Mackenzie M. , Marshall Stephen W. , Lund Jennifer L. , Pate Virginia , Spang Jeffrey T. 
Published: January 2017

Background: Despite the significance of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, these conditions have been under-researched from a population-level perspective. It is important to determine the economic effect of these injuries in order to document the public health burden in the United States. Purpose: To describe the cost of outpatient arthroscopic ACL reconstruction and health care utilization among commercially insured beneficiaries in the United States. Study Design: Economic and decision analysis; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The study used the Truven Health Analytics MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters database, an administrative claims database that contains a large sample (approximately 148 million) of privately insured individuals aged <65 years and enrolled in employer-sponsored plans. All claims with Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code 29888 (arthroscopically aided ACL reconstruction or augmentation) from 2005 to 2013 were included. “Immediate procedure” cost was computed assuming a 3-day window of care centered on date of surgery. “Total health care utilization” cost was computed using a 9-month window of care (3 months preoperative and 6 months postoperative). Results: There were 229,446 outpatient arthroscopic ACL reconstructions performed over the 9-year study period. Median immediate procedure cost was $9399.49. Median total health care utilization cost was $13,403.38. Patients who underwent concomitant collateral ligament (medial [MCL], lateral [LCL]) repair or reconstruction had the highest costs for both immediate procedure ($12,473.24) and health care utilization ($17,006.34). For patients who had more than 1 reconstruction captured in the database, total health care utilization costs were higher for the second procedure than the first procedure ($16,238.43 vs $15,000.36), despite the fact that immediate procedure costs were lower for second procedures ($8685.73 vs $9445.26). Conclusion: These results provide a foundation for understanding the public health burden of ACL injuries in the United States. Our findings suggest that further research on the prevention and treatment of ACL injuries is necessary to reduce this burden.
Physical Activity Level and Sport Participation in Relation to Musculoskeletal Pain in a Population-Based Study of Adolescents
Authors: Guddal Maren Hjelle , Stensland Synne Øien , Småstuen Milada Cvancarova , Johnsen Marianne Bakke , Zwart John-Anker , Storheim Kjersti 
Published: January 2017

Background: Prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among adolescents is high, and pain in adolescence increases the risk of chronic pain in adulthood. Studies have shown conflicting evidence regarding associations between physical activity and musculoskeletal pain, and few have evaluated the potential impact of sport participation on musculoskeletal pain in adolescent population samples. Purpose: To examine the associations between physical activity level, sport participation, and musculoskeletal pain in the neck and shoulders, low back, and lower extremities in a population-based sample of adolescents. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence 4. Methods: Data from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (Young-HUNT3) were used. All 10,464 adolescents in the Nord-Trøndelag county of Norway were invited, of whom 74% participated. Participants were asked how often they had experienced pain, unrelated to any known disease or acute injury, in the neck and shoulders, low back, and lower extremities in the past 3 months. The associations between (1) physical activity level (low [reference], medium or high) or (2) sport participation (weekly compared with no/infrequent participation) and pain were evaluated using logistic regression analyses, stratified by sex, and adjusted for age, socioeconomic status, and psychological distress. Results: The analyses included 7596 adolescents (mean age, 15.8 years; SD, 1.7). Neck and shoulder pain was most prevalent (17%). A moderate level of physical activity was associated with reduced odds of neck and shoulder pain (OR = 0.79 [95% CI, 0.66-0.94]) and low back pain (OR = 0.75 [95% CI, 0.62-0.91]), whereas a high level of activity increased the odds of lower extremity pain (OR = 1.60 [95% CI, 1.29-1.99]). Participation in endurance sports was associated with lower odds of neck and shoulder pain (OR = 0.79 [95% CI, 0.68-0.92]) and low back pain (OR = 0.77 [95% CI, 0.65-0.92]), especially among girls. Participation in technical sports was associated with increased odds of low back pain, whereas team sports were associated with increased odds of lower extremity pain. Strength and extreme sports were related to pain in all regions. Conclusion: We found that a moderate physical activity level was associated with less neck and shoulder pain and low back pain, and that participation in endurance sports may be particularly beneficial. Our findings highlight the need for health care professionals to consider the types of sports adolescents participate in when evaluating their musculoskeletal pain.
The Utilization of Internet Resources by Foot and Ankle Patients
Authors: Rosenbaum Andrew J. , Jones Mackenzie T. , Marinescu Anca , Ellis Scott J. 
Published: January 2017

Background: It is critical for patients seeking foot and ankle care to have access to quality online resources, as the treatment of their conditions may involve the use of a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic modalities with which they are unfamiliar. This study was performed to enhance our understanding of if and why patients use Internet-based educational materials, to identify trends in utilization, and to delineate the patient-perceived attributes of quality resources. Methods: Questionnaires were distributed to 150 adult foot and ankle patients. The questionnaire consisted of demographic and Internet utilization questions. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the frequency of responses for each question and the relationship between demographics and Internet usage. Results: Younger patients were more likely to use the Internet ( P= .006). However, there were no other significant differences in demographic attributes between patients who did (76%) and did not (24%) utilize the Internet ( P <.05). Of the participants who didn’t search the Internet about their condition, the most commonly cited reason was they preferred to receive information directly from their physician (47%). Among Internet users, most found the quality of resources to be good or very good (75%). However, many patients were unsure of the specific websites they accessed (66%) and if materials were AOFAS sponsored (18%). When asked about the attributes of a reliable website, patients felt that physician and/or medical society endorsement were most important (52% and 46%, respectively). Conclusion: Although physician and medical society endorsement positively shape patients’ opinions of online education materials, patients often struggle in remembering the site they visited and if it was sponsored by a certain society. Despite this, patients are generally satisfied with online foot and ankle education resources. Future works must assess whether patient and physician perceptions of quality Internet resources are correlated. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.
Epiretinal Membrane Peeling in Patients With Good Preoperative Vision
Authors: Chinskey Nicholas D. , Shah Gaurav K. 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To evaluate the outcomes of patients undergoing removal of an epiretinal membrane (ERM) with good starting visual acuity. Design: Retrospective chart review. Participants: Forty eyes of 40 patients seen at a tertiary, referral-based private practice. Methods: All patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy with removal of an ERM by a single surgeon (G.K.S.) from the years 2012 to 2014 were evaluated. Patients who were phakic, had a baseline visual acuity of 20/50 or worse, and those who had surgery less than 6 months prior to data collection were excluded. Results: Of the 40 patients included, only 2 (5%) developed a serious postoperative complication. One had a vitreous hemorrhage that cleared without further surgical intervention, and another developed a macula on retinal detachment that required 1 additional procedure. Nineteen (47.5%) had improved best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), 10 (25%) maintained their initial BCVA, 7 (17.5%) lost 1 to 2 lines, and 4 (10%) lost 3 lines or greater at their last follow-up visit. When looking only at idiopathic ERMs in the group, the results were similar with 48% with improved vision, 29% maintained the initial BCVA, 16% lost 1 to 2 lines, and 6% lost 3 lines or greater. Discussion: Surgery to remove an ERM is a reasonable option for those with significant metamorphopsia and highly symptomatic blurring of central vision, even with good baseline visual acuity.