bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Congenital Anatomical Variant of the Clavicle
Authors: Viciano Joan , Urbani Vincenzo , D'Anastasio Ruggero 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study is to present a rare abnormality of the clavicle (Code: SGS01) that was discovered in an ossuary in the Church of San Gaetano (Sulmona, central Italy; XVII–XIX centuries CE). In the middle third, the clavicle had three areas with losses of substance in the form of oval‐shaped foramina with maximum diameters of 1–2 cm that were located in the anterior and superior surfaces of the diaphysis. The margins of these foramina were well defined and rounded, and the surfaces of the canal walls were smooth. Additionally, there were no zones of bony activity or reactive changes around the foramina. This new congenital anomaly of the clavicle and blood vessels is consistent with a variant that might have originated during fetal growth in which the subclavian vein or artery remained included during the process of ossification of the clavicle. Anat Rec, 300:1401–1408, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Comprehensive Study of Palate Development in Miniature Pig
Authors: Sun Lindong , Wang Jiangyi , Liu Huina , Fan Zhipeng , Wang Songlin , Du Juan 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTPalate development is an important morphogenetic event in facial development, including the fusion of the lateral and medial nasal portions of the frontonasal process and maxilla. Derailments of any of these events may result in cleft palate, the most frequent congenital craniofacial abnormality. Recent research has shown that the microanatomy of the miniature pig oral maxillofacial region is quite similar to that of humans, and the use of miniature pigs as a large animal model for dental and orofacial research is increasing. Little information is available, however, about the development of the miniature pig palate. Here, using histological and ultrastructural methods, we describe the developmental stages of the palate in miniature pigs. Sections from E26, E30, E35, E40, E45, and E50 embryos were stained with hematoxylin–eosin, and selected specimens were also processed for electron microscopy. The development of the miniature pig palate can be divided into four stages: growth of the bilateral palatal shelves alongside the tongue at E30; elevation of the horizontal position above the tongue at E35; establishment of bilateral shelf contact at the midline from E35–50; and a final fusion step at E50, similar to the mouse and human. The histological characteristics of the miniature pig palate at different developmental stages were synchronously verified at the ultrastructural level. Our study provides a piece of first‐hand data regarding palate morphological organogenesis in the miniature pig and a foundation for further research with this model to explore mechanisms of cleft palate development. Anat Rec, 300:1409–1419, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In situ esterification and extractive fermentation for butyl butyrate production with Clostridium tyrobutyricum
Authors: Zhang Zhong‐Tian , Taylor Steven , Wang Yi 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTButyl butyrate (BB) is a valuable chemical that can be used as flavor, fragrance, extractant, and so on in various industries. Meanwhile, BB can also be used as a fuel source with excellent compatibility as gasoline, aviation kerosene, and diesel components. The conventional industrial production of BB is highly energy‐consuming and generates various environmental pollutants. Recently, there have been tremendous interests in producing BB from renewable resources through biological routes. In this study, based on the fermentation using the hyper‐butyrate producing strain Clostridium tyrobutyricum ATCC 25755, efficient BB production through in situ esterification was achieved by supplementation of lipase and butanol into the fermentation. Three commercially available lipases were assessed and the one from Candida sp. (recombinant, expressed in Aspergillus niger) was identified with highest catalytic activity for BB production. Various conditions that might affect BB production in the fermentation have been further evaluated, including the extractant type, enzyme loading, agitation, pH, and butanol supplementation strategy. Under the optimized conditions (5.0 g L−1 of enzyme loading, pH at 5.5, butanol kept at 10.0 g L−1), 34.7 g L−1 BB was obtained with complete consumption of 50 g L−1 glucose as the starting substrate. To our best knowledge, the BB production achieved in this study is the highest among the ever reported from the batch fermentation process. Our results demonstrated an excellent biological platform for renewable BB production from low‐value carbon sources. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1428–1437. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of two public genome references for chinese hamster ovary cells in the context of rna‐seq based gene expression analysis
Authors: Chen Chun , Le Huong , Goudar Chetan T. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTRNA‐Seq is a powerful transcriptomics tool for mammalian cell culture process development. Successful RNA‐Seq data analysis requires a high quality reference for read mapping and gene expression quantification. Currently, there are two public genome references for Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, the predominant mammalian cell line in the biopharmaceutical industry. In this study, we compared these two references by analyzing 60 RNA‐Seq samples from a variety of CHO cell culture conditions. Among the 20,891 common genes in both references, we observed that 31.5% have more than 7.1% quantification differences, implying gene definition differences in the two references. We propose a framework to quantify this difference using two metrics, Consistency and Stringency, which account for the average quantification difference between the two references over all samples, and the sample‐specific effect on the quantification result, respectively. These two metrics can be used to identify potential genes for future gene model improvement and to understand the reliability of differentially expressed genes identified by RNA‐Seq data analysis. Before a more comprehensive genome reference for CHO cells emerges, the strategy proposed in this study can enable more robust transcriptome analysis from CHO cell RNA‐Seq data. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1603–1613. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel sugar analog enhances sialic acid production and biotherapeutic sialylation in CHO cells
Authors: Yin Bojiao , Wang Qiong , Chung Cheng‐Yu , Bhattacharya Rahul , Ren Xiaozhi , Tang Juechun , Yarema Kevin J. , Betenbaugh Michael J. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTA desirable feature of many therapeutic glycoprotein production processes is to maximize the final sialic acid content. In this study, the effect of applying a novel chemical analog of the sialic acid precursor N‐acetylmannosamine (ManNAc) on the sialic acid content of cellular proteins and a model recombinant glycoprotein, erythropoietin (EPO), was investigated in CHO‐K1 cells. By introducing the 1,3,4‐O‐Bu3ManNAc analog at 200–300 µM into cell culture media, the intracellular sialic acid content of EPO‐expressing cells increased ∼8‐fold over untreated controls while the level of cellular sialylated glycoconjugates increased significantly as well. For example, addition of 200–300 µM 1,3,4‐O‐Bu3ManNAc resulted in >40% increase in final sialic acid content of recombinant EPO, while natural ManNAc at ∼100 times higher concentration of 20 mM produced a less profound change in EPO sialylation. Collectively, these results indicate that butyrate‐derivatization of ManNAc improves the capacity of cells to incorporate exogenous ManNAc into the sialic acid biosynthetic pathway and thereby increase sialylation of recombinant EPO and other glycoproteins. This study establishes 1,3,4‐O‐Bu3ManNAc as a novel chemical supplement to improve glycoprotein quality and sialylation levels at concentrations orders of magnitude lower than alternative approaches. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1899–1902. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Matrine regulates Th1/Th2 cytokine responses in rheumatoid arthritis by attenuating the NF‐κB signaling
Authors: Niu Yaojie , Dong Qiumei , Li Rongheng 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTo investigate the efficacy and mechanisms of matrine, a component derived from Sophora flavescens in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a rat model of RA was established. Compared to control rats, matrine significantly mitigated inflammation and severity of RA (paw volume and articular index (AI) score). Using either mice splenic T cells stimulated with PMA/ionomycin or rat splenic T cells, the levels of Th1 and Th2 responses were determined by flow cytometry, quantitative RT‐PCR, and ELISA. Furthermore, the levels of NF‐κBp65 (RelA), IκBα, and phosphor‐IκBα in T cells were determined by Western blot. Our study found that matrine modulated the imbalance of Th1 and Th2 cytokine responses in rats with RA by reducing the levels of Th1 cytokines (IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, IL‐1β), but increasing Th2 cytokine (IL‐4 and IL‐10) through attenuating the NF‐κB signaling in T cells, suggesting matrine as a promising drug for intervention of RA.
Incidence and predictors of early and late target lesion revascularization after everolimus‐eluting stent implantation in unselected patients in japan
Authors: Kurihara Ken , Ashikaga Takashi , Sasaoka Taro , Yoshikawa Shunji , Isobe Mitsuaki ,   Tokyo‐MD PCI Study Investigators
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to clarify the incidence and predictors of early and late target lesion revascularization (TLR) after everolimus‐eluting stent (EES) implantation in actual clinical practice.BackgroundSeveral clinical studies have reported the incidence and predictors of TLR after EES implantation. However, detailed features of early and late TLR are unknown.MethodsWe analyzed the clinical data of patients who underwent EES implantation between January 2010 and December 2011 at 22 institutions in Japan (Tokyo‐MD PCI study). Patients who underwent ischemia‐driven TLR (ID‐TLR) were grouped according to the number of years elapsed since stent placement, and incidence and correlations between clinical factors were analyzed.ResultsStatistical analysis was performed for 1,899 patients and 2,305 lesions. The mean age was 70.0 ± 9.9 years, and the median follow‐up period was 1,281 days (IQR: 762–1,440 days). The incidence of ID‐TLR was 2.7% at 1 year and 5.4% at 4 years. After 2 years, the ID‐TLR rates plateaued. The independent predictors of ID‐TLR occurring within 2 years were hemodialysis, triple vessel disease, restenotic lesion, and ostial lesions. The independent predictors of ID‐TLR between 2 and 4 years were diabetes mellitus and peripheral artery disease.ConclusionThe ID‐TLR rates leveled off after 2 years. Furthermore, the predictors of ID‐TLR that occurred within 2 years of EES implantation differed from those that occurred later than 2 years. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Role of residual acute stent malapposition in percutaneous coronary interventions
Authors: Romagnoli Enrico , Gatto Laura , La Manna Alessio , Burzotta Francesco , Taglieri Nevio , Saia Francesco , Amico Francesco , Marco Valeria , Ramazzotti Vito , Di Giorgio Alessandro , Di Vito Luca , Boi Alberto , Contarini Marco , Castriota Fausto , Mintz Gary S. , Prati Francesco 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesAssess clinical consequences of acute stent malapposition (ASM) in the context of the multicenter Centro per la Lotta Contro l'Infarto‐Optimization of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (CLI‐OPCI) registry.BackgroundASM as important determinant of stent thrombosis (ST) risk remains controversial.MethodsFrom 2009 to 2013, we retrospectively analyzed postprocedural optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings in 864 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, assessing prevalence and magnitude of ASM and exploring correlation with outcome, especially ST.ResultsPostprocedural OCT revealed a variable grade of ASM in 72.3% of stents without correlation between maximal strut‐vessel distance and longitudinal extension (R = 0.164, P < 0.01). At a median follow up of 302 (IQ 127–567) days, ASM did not affect risk of following major cardiac adverse events (MACE); residual ASM was comparable in terms of thickness (median [quartiles] 0.21[IQ 0.1–0.4] vs. 0.20[IQ 0.0–0.3], P = 0.397) and length (2.0[IQ 0.5–4.1] vs. 2.2[IQ 0.0–5.2], P = 0.640) in patients with versus without MACE. The predictive accuracy for outcome was low (C‐statistic 0.52, CI 95% 0.47–0.58, P = 0.394) as well for target lesion revascularization (HR 0.80, CI 95% 0.5–1.4) and ST (HR 0.71, CI 95% 0.3–1.5). Likewise, timing to MACE was not influenced by presence of such an ASM with similar rate of acute‐subacute (HR 1.09, CI 95% 0.6–1.9), late (HR 0.91, CI 95% 0.5–1.8), and very late (HR 1.23, CI 95% 0.5–2.9) events.ConclusionsLimited ASM was a common finding after stent implantation, but was not associated to increased risk of stent failure or ST during mid‐term follow‐up. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Direct percutaneous transaxillary implantation of a novel self‐expandable transcatheter heart valve for aortic stenosis
Authors: Deuschl Florian , Schofer Niklas , Seiffert Moritz , Hakmi Samer , Mizote Isamu , Schaefer Andreas , Schirmer Johannes , Reichenspurner Hermann , Blankenberg Stefan , Conradi Lenard , Schäfer Ulrich 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate safety, feasibility, and efficacy of transaxillary TAVI using a novel self‐expandable transcatheter heart valve (THV) via a direct percutaneous technique.MethodsThe analysis comprises 12 consecutive patients with severe aortic stenosis treated with the ACURATE Neo™ THV (Symetis) by direct percutaneous transaxillary access.ResultsPatients presented with a mean age of 79.9 ± 6.2 years and high calculated surgical risk (logEuroSCORE I: 19.55 ± 15.00%; STS PROM score: 5.42 ± 3.25%). Transaxillary TAVI was performed in 11/12 via the left and in 1/12 via the right‐sided axillary artery. Device success was achieved in all patients (12/12). Mortality rate at 30 days was 0% (0/12). No major and one minor access site complication (1/12) occurred. No major or life‐threatening access site‐related bleeding resulted. None of the patients suffered from postprocedural stroke/transient ischemic attack. There was no need for a permanent pacemaker. Mean effective orifice area post implantation was 2.1 ± 0.29 cm2 and mean aortic gradient 6.2 ± 1.5 mm Hg. In none of the patients, greater than moderate aortic regurgitation or paravalvular leakage was detected at discharge (0/12).ConclusionsOur study suggests that the implantation of the second‐generation self‐expandable ACURATE Neo™ via a transaxillary access is technically feasible and safe and yields excellent short‐term clinical results. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Accurate Bond Lengths to Hydrogen Atoms from Single‐Crystal X‐ray Diffraction by Including Estimated Hydrogen ADPs and Comparison to Neutron and QM/MM Benchmarks
Authors: Dittrich Birger , Lübben Jens , Mebs Stefan , Wagner Armin , Luger Peter , Flaig Ralf 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAmino acid structures are an ideal test set for method‐development studies in crystallography. High‐resolution X‐ray diffraction data for eight previously studied genetically encoding amino acids are provided, complemented by a non‐standard amino acid. Structures were re‐investigated to study a widely applicable treatment that permits accurate X−H bond lengths to hydrogen atoms to be obtained: this treatment combines refinement of positional hydrogen‐atom parameters with aspherical scattering factors with constrained “TLS+INV” estimated hydrogen anisotropic displacement parameters (H‐ADPs). Tabulated invariom scattering factors allow rapid modeling without further computations, and unconstrained Hirshfeld atom refinement provides a computationally demanding alternative when database entries are missing. Both should incorporate estimated H‐ADPs, as free refinement frequently leads to over‐parameterization and non‐positive definite H‐ADPs irrespective of the aspherical scattering model used. Using estimated H‐ADPs, both methods yield accurate and precise X−H distances in best quantitative agreement with neutron diffraction data (available for five of the test‐set molecules). This work thus solves the last remaining problem to obtain such results more frequently. Density functional theoretical QM/MM computations are able to play the role of an alternative benchmark to neutron diffraction.
Near‐Infrared Photoinduced Reactions Assisted by Upconverting Nanoparticles
Authors: Wu Si , Blinco James P. , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe majority of photoreactions reported in the literature rely on wavelengths within the UV and—to a lesser extent—visible regime for activation, either by directly triggering the reaction or by photocatalysis. However, photoreactions induced by near‐infrared (NIR) light are highly attractive for biomedical applications as NIR light can penetrate deeper into tissue and causes less damage to photosensitive biological systems. Recently, upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) have been employed by us and others to assist NIR photoinduced reactions. UCNPs convert NIR light to UV or visible light, which can trigger photoreactions of conventional UV or visible‐light‐sensitive compounds. In the current Concept article, we introduce the fundamentals of UCNP‐assisted photochemistry and highlight selected future applications and innovative potential for the field.
Fused Multifunctionalized Chromenes from Tetraynes and α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes
Authors: Meng Xiangzhen , Lv Shuang , Cheng Dong , Hu Qiong , Ma Jie , Liu Baohua , Hu Yimin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe synthesis of fused, highly substituted chromenes in a one‐pot‐three‐step cascade hexadehydro‐Diels–Alder reaction of tetraynes followed by an intermolecular α,β‐unsaturated aldehyde rearrangement is reported. The target compounds were prepared by the condensation of malonates with 3‐bromo‐1‐propyne, and the resulting 2,2‐di(1‐propyn‐3‐yl)malonates underwent cross‐coupling with phenylethynyl bromides to afford 2,2‐di(5‐phenyl‐2,4‐pentadiynyl)malonates, which underwent intramolecular cyclization to produce tricyclic chromenes. The overall transformation involves the formation of four new C−C bonds and one new C‐aryl−O−C‐aryl bond by both intramolecular cyclization and intermolecular rearrangement reactions. These constitute a key strategy for the construction of a highly substituted natural chromene core and a robust method for producing other chromenes.
Is there a prognostic relevance of electrophysiological studies in bundle branch block patients?
Authors: Bogossian Harilaos , Frommeyer Gerrit , Göbbert Kornelius , Hasan Fuad , Nguyen Quy Suu , Ninios Ilias , Mijic Dejan , Bandorski Dirk , Hoeltgen Reinhard , Seyfarth Melchior , Lemke Bernd , Eckardt Lars , Zarse Markus 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundThe present European guidelines suggest a diagnostic electrophysiological (EP) study to determine indication for cardiac pacing in patients with bundle branch block and unexplained syncope. We evaluated the prognostic relevance of an EP study for mortality and the development of permanent complete atrioventricular (AV) block in patients with symptomatic bifascicular block and first‐degree AV block.HypothesisThe HV interval is a poor prognostic marker to predict the development of permanent AV block in patients with symptomatic bifascicular block (BFB) and AV block I°.MethodsThirty consecutive patients (mean age, 74.8 ± 8.6 years; 25 males) with symptomatic BFB and first‐degree AV block underwent an EP study before device implantation, according to current guidelines. For 53 ± 31 months, patients underwent yearly follow‐up screening for syncope or higher‐degree AV block.ResultsThirty patients presented with prolonged HV interval during the EP study (mean, 82.2 ± 20.1 ms; range, 57–142 ms), classified into 3 groups: group 1, <70 ms (mean, 62 ± 4 ms; range, 57–67 ms; n = 7), group 2, >70 to ≤100 ms (mean, 80 ± 8 ms; range, 70–97 ms; n = 18), and group 3, >100 ms (mean, 119 ± 14 ms; range, 107–142 ms; n = 5). According to the guidelines, patients in groups 2 and 3 received a pacemaker. The length of the HV interval was not associated with the later development of third‐degree AV block or with increased mortality.ConclusionsOur present study suggests that an indication for pacemaker implantation based solely on a diagnostic EP study with prolongation of the HV interval is not justified.
Modified Fullerenes for Efficient Electron Transport Layer‐Free Perovskite/Fullerene Blend‐Based Solar Cells
Authors: Sandoval‐Torrientes Rafael , Pascual Jorge , García‐Benito Inés , Collavini Silvia , Kosta Ivet , Tena‐Zaera Ramón , Martín Nazario , Delgado Juan Luis 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA variety of novel chemically modified fullerenes, showing different electron‐accepting capabilities, has been synthesized and used to prepare electron transport layer (ETL)‐free solar cells based on perovskite/fullerene blends. In particular, isoxazolino[60] fullerenes are proven to be a good candidate for processing blend films with CH3NH3PbI3 and obtaining enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) ETL‐free perovskite solar cells (PSCs), improving the state‐of‐the‐art PCE (i.e., 14.3 %) for this simplified device architecture. A beneficial effect for pyrazolino and methano[60]fullerene derivatives versus pristine [60]/fullerene is also shown. Furthermore, a clear correlation between the LUMO energy level of the fullerene component and the open circuit voltage of the solar cells is found. Apart from the new knowledge on innovative fullerene derivatives for PSCs, the universality and versatility of perovskite/fullerene blend films to obtain efficient ETL‐free PSCs is demonstrated.