bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectral properties and geology of bright and dark material on dwarf planet Ceres
Authors: Thangjam G. , Nathues A. , Platz T. , Hoffmann M. , Cloutis E. A. , Mengel K. , Izawa M. R. M. , Applin D. M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractVariations and spatial distributions of bright and dark material on dwarf planet Ceres play a key role in understanding the processes that have led to its present surface composition. We define limits for “bright” and “dark” material in order to distinguish them consistently, based on the reflectance of the average surface using Dawn Framing Camera data. A systematic classification of four types of bright material is presented based on their spectral properties, composition, spatial distribution, and association with specific geomorphological features. We found obvious correlations of reflectance with spectral shape (slopes) and age; however, this is not unique throughout the bright spots. Although impact features show generally more extreme reflectance variations, several areas can only be understood in terms of inhomogeneous distribution of composition as inferred from Dawn Visible and Infrared Spectrometer data. Additional material with anomalous composition and spectral properties are rare. The identification of the composition and origin of the dark, particularly the darkest material, remains to be explored. The spectral properties and the morphology of the dark sites suggest an endogenic origin, but it is not clear whether they are more or less primitive surficial exposures or excavated subsurface but localized material. The reflectance, spectral properties, inferred composition, and geologic context collectively suggest that the bright and dark material tends to gradually change toward the average surface over time. This could be because of multiple processes, i.e., impact gardening/space weathering, and lateral mixing, including thermal and aqueous alteration, accompanied by changes in composition and physical properties such as grain size, surface temperature, and porosity (compaction).
Mother and child nutrition among the Chakhesang tribe in the state of Nagaland, North‐East India
Authors: Longvah Thingnganing , Khutsoh Bewe , Meshram Indrapal Ishwarji , Krishna Sreerama , Kodali Venkaiah , Roy Phrang , Kuhnlein Harriet V. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDespite the importance of the nutritional status and food systems of Indigenous Peoples, the subject has received very little attention, especially in North‐East India. Therefore, a community‐based cross‐sectional descriptive study was carried out among Chakhesang mothers with children under 5 years of age to evaluate their nutritional status and prevalence of chronic diseases in the context of their dietary habits. From 558 households (HHs), 661 children and 540 mothers were covered using standard anthropometric measurements as well as blood collection for haemoglobin and vitamin A. Data were collected from mothers on HH socio‐demographic particulars and infant and young child feeding practices. The results showed that the prevalence of underweight, stunting, and wasting among children <5 years of age was 14%, 22%, and 7%, respectively. The prevalence of anaemia and vitamin A deficiency was 26% and 33% among children <5 years, whereas it was 33% and 26%, respectively, among mothers. Hypertension was observed in 16% of women, whereas diabetes was seen in 0.8%. Approximately 35% and 24% of HHs suffered mild or moderate food insecurity, respectively, which was associated with literacy of the parents, per capita income, and family size. Utilization of the rich agrobiodiversity and wild foods by the Chakhesangs appears to be a strong reason for their better nutritional and health status as compared to the rest of India. Therefore, this Indigenous knowledge and food system must be documented and kept vital, especially in policies and intervention programmes addressing food and nutrition security among the Chakhesangs.
First demographic insights on historically harvested and poorly known male sperm whale populations off the Crozet and Kerguelen Islands (Southern Ocean)
Authors: Labadie Guillemette , Tixier Paul , Barbraud Christophe , Fay Rémi , Gasco Nicolas , Duhamel Guy , Guinet Christophe 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAge and sex dependent spatial segregation has resulted in limited knowledge of the ecology and demography of sperm whale adult males feeding seasonally in high latitudes. This study focused on adult males interacting with the Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) fishery operating off the Kerguelen and Crozet Archipelagos. Demographic parameters were estimated using a 10‐yr‐long photo‐identification data set paired with multistate closed robust design capture‐mark‐recapture models. The examination of a set of 29,078 photographs taken from fishing vessels during sperm whale depredation events resulted in identification of 295 individuals with nine visiting both study areas. Dispersal between both study regions was estimated to be 1% per year. The mean annual number of interacting sperm whales was estimated to n = 82 (95% CI 58–141) in Crozet and n = 106 (95% CI 76–174) in Kerguelen. Transient proportions were 13% in Crozet and 26% in Kerguelen. Corrected for transience, apparent survival estimates were 0.953 (95% CI 0.890–0.993) in Crozet, and 0.911 (95% CI 0.804–0.986) in Kerguelen. These survival and population size estimates are the first for depredating adult males in high latitudes, and can be used in evaluating the current conservation status of this historically harvested stock and to investigate depredation trends in 35 both Crozet and Kerguelen Islands.
Ward nurses' experiences of the discharge process between intensive care unit and general ward
Authors: Kauppi Wivica , Proos Matilda , Olausson Sepideh 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundIntensive care unit (ICU) discharges are challenging practices that carry risks for patients. Despite the existing body of knowledge, there are still difficulties in clinical practice concerning unplanned ICU discharges, specifically where there is no step‐down unit.Aims and objectivesThe aim of this study was to explore general ward nurses' experiences of caring for patients being discharged from an ICU.Design and methodsData were collected from focus groups and in‐depth interviews with a total of 16 nurses from three different hospitals in Sweden. An inductive qualitative design was chosen.FindingsThe analysis revealed three themes that reflect the challenges in nursing former ICU patients: a vulnerable patient, nurses' powerlessness and organizational structure. The nurses described the challenge of nursing a fragile patient based on several aspects. They expressed feeling unrealistic demands when caring for a fragile former ICU patient. The demands were related to their own profession and knowledge regarding how to care for this group of patients. The organizational structure had an impact on how the nurses' caring practice could be realized. This evoked ethical concerns that the nurses had to cope with as the organization's care guidelines did not always favour the patients.ConclusionsThe structure of the organization and its leadership appear to have a significant impact on the nurses' ability to offer patients the care they need.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study sheds light on the need for extended outreach services and intermediate care in order to meet the needs of patients after the intensive care period.
Ultrasound‐guided lumbar plexus block in children and adolescents using a transverse lumbar paravertebral sonogram: Initial experience
Authors: Boretsky Karen , Hernandez Maria A. , Eastburn Elizabeth , Sullivan Cornelius 
Published: January 2018

SummaryBackgroundThe clinical reliability and reproducibility of ultrasound‐guided lumbar plexus blocks is not established in pediatric populations. We present the results of a combined nerve stimulation ultrasound‐guided lumbar plexus block using the vertebral body, transverse process, and psoas muscle as landmarks on a transverse lumbar paravertebral sonogram with mid‐axillary transducer placement, “shamrock method,” in children and adolescents.AimsOur primary objective was to determine the rate of achieving sensory changes in the lumbar plexus distribution. Secondary outcomes were performance time, reliability of echo‐landmarks, measures of patient comfort, and complications.MethodsWe reviewed prospectively collected quality assurance data and electronic medical records of 21 patients having major orthopedic surgery with lumbar plexus block catheter for postoperative analgesia.ResultsTwenty‐one patients were studied with mean age and weight (SD, range) of 13.6 years (3.8, 6‐18) and 49.3 kg (18.6, 19.2‐87.6). Surgical procedures included periacetabular osteotomy, pelvic osteotomy, and proximal femoral osteotomy. Mean volume of 0.5 mL/kg (0.05) 0.2% ropivacaine produced thermal sensory changes to femoral and lateral femoral cutaneous nerves in 20/21 (95% CI 0.76 to >0.99) and 19/21 (95% CI 0.70‐0.99) patients. Identification of transverse process (TP), vertebral body (VB), and psoas muscle (PM): 21/21 (95% CI 0.86‐1.0). Average block performance time was 9:08 minutes (2:09, 2‐13). Average opioid consumption (SD) in operating room, postanesthesia care unit, 0‐12 and 12‐24‐hour periods were 0.17 mg/kg (0.08), 0.08 mg/kg (0.06), 0.06 mg/kg (0.06), and 0.06 mg/kg (0.05). Median pain score by severity category in postanesthesia care unit: (0‐3) 66.7%, (4‐6) 28.5%, (>7) 4.8%; 0‐12 hours: (0‐3) 76.2%, (4‐6) 19.0%, (>7) 4.8%; 12‐24 hours: (0‐3) 57.2%, (4‐6) 42.8%, (>7) 0%. No complications were recorded.ConclusionUltrasound guidance using lateral imaging of transverse process, vertebral body, and psoas muscle allows practitioners to reach the nerves of the lumbar plexus and achieve sensory block in pediatric patients with a high success rate.
Previous exposure to chronic intermittent hypoxia blunts the development of one‐kidney, one‐clip hypertension in rats
Authors: Perim Raphael R. , Amorim Mateus R. , Bonagamba The Late Leni G. H. , Machado Benedito H. 
Published: January 2018

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) and one‐kidney, one‐clip experimental models lead to sympathetic overactivity and hypertension. The present study explored the impact of previous exposure to CIH on one‐kidney, one‐clip renal hypertension; we hypothesized that CIH potentiates its development.

What is the main finding and its importance?
The development of one‐kidney, one‐clip renal hypertension was attenuated by previous exposure to CIH, and this protective effect was eliminated by carotid body denervation. These findings indicate that inputs from peripheral chemoreceptors in CIH‐preconditioned rats play a role in preventing the increase in sympathetic activity and arterial pressure induced by one‐kidney, one‐clip renal hypertension.

AbstractChronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) and one‐kidney, one‐clip (1K, 1C) experimental models lead to sympathetic overactivity and hypertension. We hypothesized that previous exposure to CIH potentiates the development of 1K, 1C renal hypertension. Male rats were divided into the following four groups: Control‐1K, 1C, maintained under normoxia followed by 1K, 1C surgery (n = 19); Control‐Sham, maintained under normoxia, followed by sham surgery (n = 19); CIH‐1K, 1C, exposed to CIH (10 days) and 1K, 1C surgery (n = 19); and CIH‐Sham, exposed to CIH and sham surgery (n = 18). Animals were catheterized 8 days after 1K, 1C or Sham surgeries and cardiovascular and respiratory parameters recorded on the following day. Baseline mean arterial pressure was higher in Control‐1K, 1C than in Control‐Sham rats (P < 0.05) and was higher in CIH‐1K, 1C than in CIH‐Sham rats (P < 0.05). However, the increase in mean arterial pressure in CIH‐1K, 1C animals was significantly blunted in comparison to Con‐1K, 1C rats (P < 0.05), indicating that previous exposure to CIH attenuates the development of renal hypertension. Systemic administration of hexamethonium, a ganglionic blocker, promoted a larger hypotensive response in Con‐1K, 1C compared with CIH‐1K, 1C rats (P < 0.05), suggesting that sympathetic activity was attenuated in rats previously exposed to the CIH protocol. In addition, removal of the carotid bodies before 1K, 1C renal hypertension eliminated the protective effect of CIH preconditioning on the development of the 1K, 1C hypertension. We conclude that previous exposure to CIH attenuates the development of renal hypertension via a carotid body‐dependent mechanism.
An Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Spot Assay Measuring Borrelia burgdorferi B31-Specific Interferon Gamma-Secreting T Cells Cannot Discriminate Active Lyme Neuroborreliosis from Past Lyme Borreliosis: a Prospective Study in the Netherlands
Authors: van Gorkom T. , Sankatsing S. U. C. , Voet W. , Ismail D. M. , Muilwijk R. H. , Salomons M. , Vlaminckx B. J. M. , Bossink A. W. J. , Notermans D. W. , Bouwman J. J. M. , Kremer K. , Thijsen S. F. T. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTTwo-tier serology testing is most frequently used for the diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis (LB); however, a positive result is no proof of active disease. To establish a diagnosis of active LB, better diagnostics are needed. Tests investigating the cellular immune system are available, but studies evaluating the utility of these tests on well-defined patient populations are lacking. Therefore, we investigated the utility of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot) assay to diagnose active Lyme neuroborreliosis. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of various study groups were stimulated by usingBorrelia burgdorferistrain B31 and various recombinant antigens, and subsequently, the number ofBorrelia-specific interferon gamma (IFN-γ)-secreting T cells was measured. We included 33 active and 37 treated Lyme neuroborreliosis patients, 28 healthy individuals treated for an early manifestation of LB in the past, and 145 untreated healthy individuals. The median numbers ofB. burgdorferiB31-specific IFN-γ-secreting T cells/2.5 × 105PBMCs did not differ between active Lyme neuroborreliosis patients (6.0; interquartile range [IQR], 0.5 to 14.0), treated Lyme neuroborreliosis patients (4.5; IQR, 2.0 to 18.6), and treated healthy individuals (7.4; IQR, 2.3 to 14.9) (P= 1.000); however, the median number ofB. burgdorferiB31-specific IFN-γ-secreting T cells/2.5 × 105PBMCs among untreated healthy individuals was lower (2.0; IQR, 0.5 to 3.9) (P≤ 0.016). We conclude that theBorreliaELISpot assay, measuring the number ofB. burgdorferiB31-specific IFN-γ-secreting T cells/2.5 × 105PBMCs, correlates with exposure to theBorreliabacterium but cannot be used for the diagnosis of active Lyme neuroborreliosis.
Two alternatives versus the standard Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) summary of findings (SoF) tables to improve understanding in the presentation of systematic review results: a three-arm, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial
Authors: Yepes-Nuñez Juan José , Morgan Rebecca L , Mbuagbaw Lawrence , Carrasco-Labra Alonso , Chang Stephanie , Hempel Susanne , Shekelle Paul , Helfand Mark , Baldeh Tejan , Schünemann Holger J 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveSummary of findings (SoF) tables present results of systematic reviews in a concise and explicit format. Adopted by many review groups including the Cochrane Collaboration and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), optimal understanding of SoF table may be influenced by the type of information being conveyed and objectives or preferences of the end user. This study aims to compare three SoF table formats in terms of understanding, accessibility, satisfaction and preference with systematic review users.MethodsThe primary objective of this three-arm randomised controlled non-inferiority trial is to investigate whether an alternative Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) SoF table or Evidence-based Practice Center SoF table is non-inferior to the current GRADE SoF table in the understanding of the information presented to systematic review users, particularly for descriptive findings. Researchers, clinical practice guideline developers, policy-makers or knowledge transfer professionals will be recruited. Data will be collected electronically at baseline and after randomisation. Non-inferiority would be declared if the difference in the proportion of participants who understand the information displayed in the alternative SoF table is 10% or less.Ethics and disseminationThe Hamilton Integrated Research Ethics Board reviewed this protocol. The findings from this study will be disseminated through a publication in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberNCT02813941.
Impact of early palliative care on overall survival of patients with metastatic upper gastrointestinal cancers treated with first-line chemotherapy: a randomised phase III trial
Authors: Hutt Emilie , Da Silva Arlette , Bogart Emilie , Le Lay-Diomande Sara , Pannier Diane , Delaine-Clisant Stéphanie , Le Deley Marie-Cécile , Adenis Antoine 
Published: January 2018

IntroductionPalliative care (PC) has usually been offered at the end-of-life stage, although the WHO recommends providing PC as early as possible in the course of the disease. A recent study has shown that early PC (EPC) provides a more meaningful effect on quality of life and, surprisingly, on overall survival (OS) than standard treatment for patients with metastatic lung cancer. Whether EPC benefits also apply to patients with metastatic upper gastrointestinal (GI) cancers is unknown.Methods and analysisEPIC is a randomised phase III trial comparing EPC plus standard oncologic care versus standard oncologic care in patients with metastatic upper GI cancers. Its primary objective is to evaluate the efficacy of EPC in terms of OS. Its secondary objectives are to assess the effects of EPC on patient-reported outcomes (quality of life, depression and anxiety) and the effect of EPC on the number of patients receiving chemotherapy in their last 30 days of life. Assuming an exponential distribution of survival time, 381 deaths are required to ensure an 80% power for an absolute difference of 10% in 1 year OS rates (40% vs 50.3%, HR=0.75; log rank test two-sided alpha=5%), leading to a planned sample size of 480 patients enrolled over 3 years and a final analysis at 4 years. The main analysis will be performed on the intent-to-treat dataset.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the ‘Comité de Protection des Personnes Nord-Ouest I’ (4 April 2016), complies with the Helsinki declaration and French laws and regulations and follows the International Conference on Harmonisation E6 (R1) Guideline for Good Clinical Practice. The trial results, even if they are inconclusive, will be presented at international oncology congresses and published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numbersEudraCT: 2015-A01943-46; Pre-results.NCT02853474.
Evaluating the effectiveness of home exercise programmes using an online exercise prescription tool in children with cerebral palsy: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Johnson Rowan W , Williams Sian A , Gucciardi Daniel F , Bear Natasha , Gibson Noula 
Published: January 2018

IntroductionChildren with cerebral palsy (CP) and other neurodevelopmental disabilities often receive a home programme of exercises to assist in reaching their therapy goals. Adherence to exercise programmes is necessary to attain the level of practice required to achieve goals; however, adherence can be difficult to accomplish. In this paper, we describe the protocol for a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of delivering a home exercise programme to school-age children with disabilities using Physitrack, an online exercise prescription tool with a website or app interface.Methods and analysisParticipants aged 6–17 years, with CP or other neurodevelopmental disabilities, receiving community physiotherapy services in Western Australia, will be recruited. Participants will be stratified by age and functional mobility and randomised to either the intervention group, who will complete an 8-week home exercise programme using Physitrack, or the control group, who will complete an 8-week exercise programme without Physitrack. Researcher blinding to group allocation, and participant blinding to outcome, will be maintained. The primary outcome measures are adherence to the home exercise programme with weekly collection of home exercise logs; achievement of individualised goals by phone interview before and after intervention; and correctness of exercise performance by collection and analysis of videos of participants performing home exercises. Secondary outcome measures include enjoyment of physical activity, confidence to complete exercise programme, preferred method of delivery of programme and usability of Physitrack. A sample size of 58 participants will be necessary to see an effect on home programme adherence. Data will be analysed using the intention-to-treat principle.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from Curtin University Human Research Ethics Committee in July 2016 (10391). Outcomes will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at scientific conferences.Trial registration numberACTRN12616000743460; Pre-results.
What fluids are given during air ambulance treatment of patients with trauma in the UK, and what might this mean for the future? Results from the RESCUER observational cohort study
Authors: Naumann David N , Hancox James M , Raitt James , Smith Iain M , Crombie Nicholas , Doughty Heidi , Perkins Gavin D , Midwinter Mark J 
Published: January 2018

ObjectivesWe investigated how often intravenous fluids have been delivered during physician-led prehospital treatment of patients with hypotensive trauma in the UK and which fluids were given. These data were used to estimate the potential national requirement for prehospital blood products (PHBP) if evidence from ongoing trials were to report clinical superiority.SettingThe Regional Exploration of Standard Care during Evacuation Resuscitation (RESCUER) retrospective observational study was a collaboration between 11 UK air ambulance services. Each was invited to provide up to 5 years of data and total number of taskings during the same period.ParticipantsPatients with hypotensive trauma (systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg or absent radial pulse) attended by a doctor.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the number of patients with hypotensive trauma given prehospital fluids. Secondary outcomes were types and volumes of fluids. These data were combined with published data to estimate potential national eligibility for PHBP.ResultsOf 29 037 taskings, 729 (2.5%) were for patients with hypotensive trauma attended by a physician. Half were aged 21–50 years; 73.4% were male. A total of 537 out of 729 (73.7%) were given fluids. Five hundred and ten patients were given a single type of fluid; 27 received >1 type. The most common fluid was 0.9% saline, given to 486/537 (90.5%) of patients who received fluids, at a median volume of 750 (IQR 300–1500) mL. Three per cent of patients received PHBP. Estimated projections for patients eligible for PHBP at these 11 services and in the whole UK were 313 and 794 patients per year, respectively.ConclusionsOne in 40 air ambulance taskings were manned by physicians to retrievepatients with hypotensive trauma. The most common fluid delivered was 0.9% saline. If evidence justifies universal provision of PHBP, approximately 800 patients/year would be eligible in the UK, based on our data combined with others published. Prospective investigations are required to confirm or adjust these estimations.