bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progress in the Synthesis of Zwitterionic Gemini Surfactants
Authors: Zhou Ming , Li Sisi , Zhang Ze , Wang Chengwen , Luo Gang , Zhao Jinzhou 
Published: September 2017

AbstractZwitterionic gemini surfactants have hydrophilic head groups consisting of two polar groups with different charges. Species synthesized to date can be classed as anionic–cationic, anionic–nonionic, and cationic‐nonionic. These surfactants not only have a small repulsion between the hydrophilic head groups, but also have a more compact arrangement at the interface, which greatly reduces the surface and interfacial tensions. In addition, owing to the existence of zwitterions, they are endowed with a unique aggregation morphology and unique rheology in solution, so they has the potential for a number of applications. The present research situation and potential research directions of the synthesis methods of the three types of zwitterionic gemini surfactants are discussed in this paper.
Experiments on, and discrete and continuum simulations of, the discharge of granular media from silos with a lateral orifice
Authors: Zhou Y. , Lagrée P.-Y. , Popinet S. , Ruyer P. , Aussillous P. 
Published: September 2017

We compare laboratory experiments, contact dynamics simulations and continuum Navier–Stokes simulations with a $\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}(I)$ visco-plastic rheology, of the discharge of granular media from a silo with a lateral orifice. We consider a rectangular silo with an orifice of height $D$ which spans the silo width $W$, and we observe two regimes. For small enough aperture aspect ratio ${\mathcal{A}}=D/W$, the Hagen–Beverloo relation is obtained. For thin enough silos, ${\mathcal{A}}\gg {\mathcal{A}}_{c}$, we observe a second regime where the outlet velocity varies with $\sqrt{W}$. This new regime is also obtained in the continuum simulations when the friction on side walls is taken into account in a thickness-averaged version of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}(I)$ $+$ Navier–Stokes (in the spirit of Hele-Shaw flows). Moreover most of the internal details of the flow field observed experimentally are reproduced when considering this lateral friction. These two regimes are recovered experimentally for a cylindrical silo with a lateral rectangular orifice of height $D$ and arc length $W$. The dependency of the flow rate on the particle diameter is found to be reasonably described experimentally using two geometrical functions that depend respectively on the number of beads through the two aperture dimensions. This is consistent with two-dimensional discrete simulation results: at the outlet, the volume fraction and the velocities depend on the particle diameter and this behaviour is correctly described by those geometrical functions. A similar dependency is observed in the two-dimensional continuum simulations.
The Buzzword ‘New Culture Movement’: Intellectual marketing strategies in China in the 1910s and 1920s
Authors: FORSTER ELISABETH 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis article argues that China's New Culture Movement was not a movement, but a buzzword. It was coined by little-known intellectuals in the summer of 1919 and then used by them to sell their own, long-standing agendas. Even though they declared famous intellectuals such as Hu Shi and Chen Duxiu to be the movement's ‘centre’ and inspiration, some of them were as, if not more, important in shaping the discourses surrounding the expression ‘New Culture Movement’. Drawing upon newspapers, journals, and conference reports, this article shows this using the example of two case studies, both of which marketed their agendas as ‘New Culture Movement’: the Jiangsu Educational Association, which was a political-educational group in Jiangsu; and Chinese Christian intellectuals around the Apologetic Group in Beijing.Regarding the New Culture Movement as a buzzword addresses some puzzles about it. It explains why it has proven difficult to agree on a starting and endpoint for the New Culture Movement. It also illustrates why such a huge variety of ideas, whose complexity has become ever more evident in recent scholarship, was subsumed under the one headline of ‘New Culture Movement’.
Challenging Linguistic Purism in Dual Language Bilingual Education: A Case Study of Hebrew in a New York City Public Middle School
Authors: Menken Kate , Avni Sharon 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTDual language bilingual education (DLBE) programs, in which students are taught language and academic content in English and a partner language, have dramatically grown in popularity in U.S. schools. Moving beyond the teaching of Spanish and Chinese, DLBE programs are now being offered in less commonly taught languages and attracting new student populations. Based on qualitative research conducted in a New York City public middle school that recently began a Hebrew DLBE program, we found that this program, in its inception and design, challenges traditional definitions of DLBE and offers new understandings about bilingual education for the 21st century. We argue that the policies and guidelines for the provision of DLBE and the scholarship upon which they are based are rooted in notions of linguistic purism that fail to consider or meet the needs of communities enrolling in bilingual education programs today.
Assessing and Exploring the Oral Proficiency of Young Mandarin Immersion Learners
Authors: Fortune Tara W. , Ju Zhongkui 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThis article presents original empirical research carried out in the early total Mandarin language immersion context. The study involves K–5 learners from three early total Mandarin immersion programs whose home language is English. We examined students’ second language (L2) oral proficiency in Mandarin in two ways: (a) a statistical comparative analysis of cross-sectional assessment data for kindergarten, Grade 2, and Grade 5 students and (b) a detailed linguistic complexity analysis comparing immersion students’ speech samples (one per grade level) produced during the assessment interview. Results indicate significant differences in median scores between kindergarten and Grade 2 in all domains; however, no median score differences were found between Grades 2 and 5. An exploratory complexity analysis of three speech samples revealed increasingly higher levels of grammatical complexity across grades. Measures of lexical complexity for the Grade 5 sample, while higher than those in kindergarten, were lower than those of Grade 2. Study findings question the efficacy of existing proficiency assessments at capturing the multidimensionality of oral proficiency in the intermediate and pre-advanced range. They also highlight the important role finely grained complexity measures can play in informing curriculum, instruction, and assessment practices.
Meat consumption and nutrition transition in Barcelona, 1709–1935
Authors: GUÀRDIA MANEL , OYÓN JOSÉ LUIS , GARRIGA SERGI , FAVA NADIA 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT:Meat consumption increase since the nineteenth century is a good indicator of the key stage of the so-called nutrition transition. This article is based on primary sources, predominantly municipal slaughterhouse bookkeeping data, and examines the changing patterns of supply, distribution and consumption of different types of meat, in order to avoid the risk of an over-simplified historical view. Long-term analysis shows that between 1740 and 1840, a period of economic and demographic growth, meat consumption levels dropped dramatically. After that time, the liberalization of agriculture and the new rail network boosted the supply of meat. Other sources and spatial analysis help us examine the ways that the city was supplied with meat, the meat retail distribution within it and the changing diet of the different urban social strata.
Employment status and temporal patterns of energy intake: Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan, 2005–2008
Authors: Chau Chun-An , Pan Wen-Harn , Chen Hsin-Jen 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo (i) identify the major temporal patterns of energy intake among adults; (ii) examine the association between employment status and the patterns; and (iii) examine the association between dietary quality and the patterns.DesignSecondary analysis based on the cross-sectional population-based nutrition survey in Taiwan, 2005–2008. Based on energy intake levels at six time intervals of a day derived from 24 h recall data, we applied cluster analysis to identify major temporal patterns of energy intake. Self-reported employment status was categorized into six groups: full-time, part-time, no job, student, homemaker and retired. Multinomial logistic regression models were fitted to test the association between temporal patterns of energy intake and employment groups.SettingNon-institutionalized community dwellers.SubjectsNon-pregnant adults (≥19 years old) with total energy intake between 2092 and 20920 kJ/d (500 and 5000 kcal/d; n 4508).ResultsFive major patterns were identified, which can be seen as the traditional meal pattern and its variants. About 20 % of adults had the traditional pattern. The most prevalent pattern was the delayed morning meal pattern (33 %), which had lower Ca and P intakes than the traditional pattern. About 14 % of adults had the delayed lunchtime pattern, which had lower protein, PUFA, fibre, Ca, P, vitamin D and vitamin E intakes than the traditional. Adjusted prevalence of the delayed lunchtime pattern was highest among full-time students (34 %), followed by part-time workers (24 %), and was lower in retired (8 %), homemakers (11 %) and full-time employed adults (12 %).ConclusionAdults’ temporal patterns of energy intake, which varied with their employment status, affected their dietary quality.
Human hepatic gene expression signature of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression, a meta-analysis
Authors: Ryaboshapkina Maria , Hammar Mårten 
Published: September 2017

AbstractNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a wide-spread chronic liver condition that places patients at risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and may progress to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma if untreated. Challenges in clinical and basic research are caused by poor understanding of NAFLD mechanisms. The purpose of current study is to describe molecular changes occurring in human liver during NAFLD progression by defining a reproducible gene expression signature. We conduct a systematic meta-analysis of published human gene expression studies on liver biopsies and bariatric surgery samples of NAFLD patients. We relate gene expression levels with histology scores using regression models and identify a set of genes showing consistent-sign associations with NAFLD progression that are replicated in at least three independent studies. The analysis reveals genes that have not been previously characterized in the context of NAFLD such as HORMAD2 and LINC01554. In addition, we highlight biomarker opportunities for risk stratification and known drugs that could be used as tool compounds to study NAFLD in model systems. We identify gaps in current knowledge of molecular mechanisms of NAFLD progression and discuss ways to address them. Finally, we provide an extensive data supplement containing meta-analysis results in a computer-readable format.
Similarity-Based Segmentation of Multi-Dimensional Signals
Authors: Machné Rainer , Murray Douglas B. , Stadler Peter F. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe segmentation of time series and genomic data is a common problem in computational biology. With increasingly complex measurement procedures individual data points are often not just numbers or simple vectors in which all components are of the same kind. Analysis methods that capitalize on slopes in a single real-valued data track or that make explicit use of the vectorial nature of the data are not applicable in such scenaria. We develop here a framework for segmentation in arbitrary data domains that only requires a minimal notion of similarity. Using unsupervised clustering of (a sample of) the input yields an approximate segmentation algorithm that is efficient enough for genome-wide applications. As a showcase application we segment a time-series of transcriptome sequencing data from budding yeast, in high temporal resolution over ca. 2.5 cycles of the short-period respiratory oscillation. The algorithm is used with a similarity measure focussing on periodic expression profiles across the metabolic cycle rather than coverage per time point.
A Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo Triage Clinic
Authors: Riska Kristal M. , Akin Faith W. , Williams Laura , Rouse Stephanie B. , Murnane Owen D. 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of triaging patients with motion-provoked dizziness into a benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) clinic.

Method
A retrospective chart review was performed of veterans who were tested and treated for BPPV in a triaged BPPV clinic and veterans who were tested and treated for BPPV in a traditional vestibular clinic.

Results
The BPPV triage clinic had a hit rate of 39%. On average, the triaged BPPV clinic reduced patient wait times by 23 days relative to the wait times for the traditional vestibular clinic while also reducing patient costs.

Conclusion
Triaging patients with BPPV is one method to improve access to evaluation and treatment and a mechanism for the effective use of clinic time and resources.
The Effects of External Jugular Compression Applied during High Intensity Power, Strength and Postural Control Tasks
Authors: DiCesare Christopher , Barber Foss Kim , Thomas Staci , Schneider Daniel , Edwards Nicholas , Myer Gregory 
Published: September 2017

Introduction Current strategies focused on mitigating concussion in sport have demonstrated limited effectiveness. There is a paucity of research on the optimization of intracranial brain dynamics to mitigate concussion; in the present study, we investigate a novel device that provides mild jugular vein compression and may provide adjunctive protection to protect the brain internally from concussive and sub-concussive impacts. The purpose of this study was to assess the tolerance and acceptance of this device in a population of normal, healthy adults undergoing exertion similar to that is experienced while participating in sports-related competition, while monitoring changes in their biomechanical, strength, power, and postural stability capabilities.
Material and Methods A total 18 participants (8 females, 10 males) were tested and included in the final analysis. Laboratory data collection consisted of two separate testing sessions for all participants. During the first testing session, participants were tested while wearing either the mild jugular vein compression neck device or a sham arm device (Sham) that was worn on the upper arm and did not alter venous return; participants exchanged devices for the second session. Participants underwent a battery of physical and neurological tests that included three-dimensional (3-D) biomechanical analysis, dynamic postural control testing using a stabilometer, isokinetic strength testing using a dynamometer, and a maximum vertical jump test.
Results Evaluation of vital biomechanics, postural control and dynamic stabilization, isokinetic strength, and power in this population showed no statistically significant effect of wearing a mild jugular vein compression neck device compared with a Sham armband.
Conclusions The data evaluated in the current project indicate that the device is safe during high intensity and dynamic postural stabilization exercise and does not alter normal physical or neuromuscular capabilities during physical activity.
Ratings of Perceived Exertion and Physiological Responses in Children During Exercise
Authors: Erichsen Jennifer , Dykstra Brandon , Hidde Mary , Mahon Anthony 
Published: September 2017

AbstractOMNI ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and physiological responses in children (n=7 boys, 8 girls, 11.1±1.0 years) were examined during estimation (graded exercise test [GXT] and steady-state) and production (steady-state) trials on a cycle ergometer. Peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) was determined via a GXT with RPE estimated every 30 s. Later, two 6-min trials were completed: Participants 1) estimated RPE at ~75% of VO2peak, 2) produced a level of exertion corresponding to their RPE at ~75% of VO2peak during the GXT. Data analysis included a one-way MANOVA and a paired t-test. The target intensity during the GXT corresponded to 74.2±2.5% of VO2peak; the steady-state estimation and production trials were performed at 76.5±2.7% and 68.5±14.1% of VO2peak, respectively (p>0.05). Mean RPE at ~75% of VO2peak during the GXT and production trial was 6.7±1.5; during the steady-state estimation trial RPE was 5.8±2.0 (p>0.05). There were no differences (p>0.05) in the physiological responses. Participants estimated RPE similarly at ~75% of VO2peak during both graded and steady-state exercise, but when asked to produce a given RPE, marked variability was observed in physiological responses. These findings may have implications in optimizing exercise prescriptions for children.
Stent placement for benign esophageal leaks, perforations, and fistulae: a clinical prediction rule for successful leakage control
Authors: van Halsema Emo , Kappelle Wouter , Weusten Bas , Lindeboom Robert , van Berge Henegouwen Mark , Fockens Paul , Vleggaar Frank , Spaander Manon , van Hooft Jeanin 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Background and study aims Sealing esophageal leaks by stent placement allows healing in 44 % – 94 % of patients. We aimed to develop a prediction rule to predict the chance of successful stent therapy.
Patients and methods In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, patients with benign upper gastrointestinal leakage treated with stent placement were included. We used logistic regression analysis including four known clinical predictors of stent therapy outcome. The model performance to predict successful stent therapy was evaluated in an independent validation sample.
Results We included etiology, location, C-reactive protein, and size of the leak as clinical predictors. The model was estimated from 145 patients (derivation sample), and 59 patients were included in the validation sample. Stent therapy was successful in 55.9 % and 67.8 % of cases, respectively. The predicted probability of successful stent therapy was significantly higher in success patients compared with failure patients in both the derivation (P < 0.001) and validation (P < 0.001) samples. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 74.1 % in the derivation sample and 84.7 % in the validation sample. When the model predicted ≥ 70 % chance of success, the positive predictive value was 79 % in the derivation sample and 87 % in the validation sample. When the model predicted ≤ 50 % chance of success, the negative predictive value was 64 % and 86 %, respectively.
Conclusions This prediction rule, consisting of four clinical predictors, could identify patients with esophageal leaks who were likely to benefit from or fail on stent therapy. The prediction rule can support clinical decision-making when the predicted probability of success is ≥ 70 % or ≤ 50 %.
Lipid topology and electrostatic interactions underpin lytic activity of linear cationic antimicrobial peptides in membranes
Authors: Paterson David J. , Tassieri Manlio , Reboud Julien , Wilson Rab , Cooper Jonathan M. 
Published: September 2017

Significance
We propose a mechanistic framework that explains the activity and selectivity of an important class of compounds known as linear cationic antimicrobial peptides. These molecules have the potential to be developed into highly potent and selective pharmaceuticals, as they are able to discriminate between mammalian and bacterial membranes, and so destroy pathogens. By comparing both selective and nonselective peptides, we show that their activity is governed by topological and electrostatic interactions between the membrane-bound peptide and the surrounding lipids. This framework could underpin strategies for the rational design of therapeutic agents that are potentially able to bypass the mechanisms of acquired bacterial drug resistance.
Modified harmony search
Authors: Mohamed Najihah , Amri Ramli Ahmad Lutfi , Abd Majid Ahmad , Mt Piah Abd Rahni 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
A metaheuristic algorithm, called Harmony Search is quite highly applied in optimizing parameters in many areas. HS is a derivative-free real parameter optimization algorithm, and draws an inspiration from the musical improvisation process of searching for a perfect state of harmony. Propose in this paper Modified Harmony Search for solving optimization problems, which employs a concept from genetic algorithm method and particle swarm optimization for generating new solution vectors that enhances the performance of HS algorithm. The performances of MHS and HS are investigated on ten benchmark optimization problems in order to make a comparison to reflect the efficiency of the MHS in terms of final accuracy, convergence speed and robustness.
Mirrors of Heaven or Worldly Theaters?
Authors: Glixon Jonathan E. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This book explores the musical world of the nuns of Venice and its lagoon, concentrating on the period from the sixteenth century to the fall of Venice around 1800. It looks at sacred music performed both by the nuns themselves and by professional musicians they employed. Following a historical introduction, the book considers the nuns as collective patrons, both of musical performances by professionals in their external churches, primarily for the annual feast of the patron saint, a notable attraction for both Venetians and foreign visitors, and of musical instruments, namely organs and bells. Next, the study examines the rituals and accompanying music for the transitions in a nun’s life, most importantly the ceremonies through which she moved from the outside world to the cloister. Then the book turns to liturgical music within the cloister, performed by the nuns themselves, from chant to simple polyphony, and to the rare occasions where more elaborate music can be documented. Two more chapters look at, respectively, the teaching of music to both nuns and girls resident in convents as boarding students, and at entertainment, musical and theatrical, by and for the nuns. Appendices include a calendar of musical events at Venetian nunneries, details on nunnery organs, lists of teachers, and inventories of musical and ceremonial books, both manuscript and printed. A companion website features editions of complete musical works, excerpts from which are included in the text as examples, along with sound files.
The Nuns of Venice and the Lagoon
Authors: Glixon Jonathan E. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This chapter provides a history of nuns in Venice and its lagoon, including a discussion of secular and ecclesiastical regulation of nuns by the designated magistracy, the Provveditori sopra Monasteri, and the Patriarch of Venice and Bishop of Torcello, the nuns’ relationship with the outside world, and efforts to reform their behavior. It explores the role of nuns in Venetian society, focusing on the significant majority who were from the ruling patrician class and the effects of this factor on their musical lives. The physical layout of nunneries is considered, as are internal governance, finances, and record-keeping. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the methodology the author developed for dealing with the large number of institutions over several centuries for which the archives are often very fragmentary.