bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chiropractic intern attitudes, beliefs, and future practice intentions with regard to health promotion, wellness, and preventive services
Authors: Grand Stephen , Morehouse-Grand Kenice , Carter Shane 
Published: June 2016

Objective: This pilot study explored the attitudes, beliefs, and intentions of a group of chiropractic interns concerning health promotion, wellness, and preventive services before and after a series of brief educational interventions.
Methods: Interns completed a survey before (n = 37) and after (n = 22) the interventions. The survey included 12 Likert scale questions about attitudes and intentions toward wellness and health promotion models. The interventions consisted of classroom lectures, clinical training, and online information pertaining to health promotion and wellness.
Results: The interns initially favored wellness models, perceived a need for them, and felt partially prepared to administer them, with mean Likert scores 4 or greater on a 1 to 5 scale. Afterward, the average scores were higher and the interns reported some benefit from this short course of training.
Conclusion: The initial survey demonstrated that interns had some understanding of wellness, health promotion, and preventive services, and favored utilization of these services. The follow-up survey suggested that a short educational intervention could have a positive impact on these attitudes and future utilization of wellness procedures in their practices.
Effect of chaperone‐adhesin complex on plug release by the PapC usher
Authors: Pham Thieng , Werneburg Glenn T. , Henderson Nadine S. , Thanassi David G. , Delcour Anne H. 
Published: June 2016

The P pilus of uropathogenic Escherichia coli is a multisubunit fiber assembled at the outer membrane in a defined sequence by a chaperone/usher secretion system, comprising a periplasmic chaperone and a beta‐barrel outer membrane protein, the PapC usher. To gain insight into the pilus biogenesis mechanism, we used patch clamp electrophysiology to investigate the effect of the initiating adhesin subunit, as it is delivered to PapC in a complex with the chaperone. We show that the chaperone‐adhesin complex facilitates opening of the PapC pore and appears to engage within the PapC lumen, in agreement with prior biochemical and structural data.
From urban to national heat island: The effect of anthropogenic heat output on climate change in high population industrial countries
Authors: Murray John , Heggie Douglas 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe project presented here sought to determine whether changes in anthropogenic thermal emission can have a measurable effect on temperature at the national level, taking Japan and Great Britain as type examples. Using energy consumption as a proxy for thermal emission, strong correlations (mean r2 = 0.90 and 0.89, respectively) are found between national equivalent heat output (HO) and temperature above background levels Δt averaged over 5‐ to 8‐yr periods between 1965 and 2013, as opposed to weaker correlations for CMIP5 model temperatures above background levels Δmt (mean r2 = 0.52 and 0.10). It is clear that the fluctuations in Δt are better explained by energy consumption than by present climate models, and that energy consumption can contribute to climate change at the national level on these timescales.
The last 2 Myr of accretionary wedge construction in the central Hikurangi margin (North Island, New Zealand): Insights from structural modeling
Authors: Ghisetti Francesca C. , Barnes Philip M. , Ellis Susan , Plaza‐Faverola Andreia A. , Barker Daniel H. N. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThree depth‐converted and geologically interpreted seismic profiles provide a clear image of the offshore outer accretionary wedge associated with oblique subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the central Hikurangi margin. Plio‐Quaternary turbidites deposited over the pelagic cover sequence of the Hikurangi Plateau have been accreted to the margin by imbrication along E‐verging thrust faults that propagated up‐section from the plate boundary décollement. Growth stratigraphy of piggy‐back basins and thrusting of progressively younger horizons trace the eastward advance of the leading thrust front over ∼60 km in the last 2 Myr. Moderate internal shortening of fault‐bounded blocks typically 4–8 km wide reflects rapid creation of thrust faults, with some early formed faults undergoing out‐of‐sequence reactivation to maintain critical wedge taper. Multistage structural restorations show that forward progression of shortening involves: (1) initial development of a ∼10–25 km wide “proto‐thrust” zone, comprising conjugate sets of moderately to steeply dipping low‐displacement (∼10–100 m) reverse faults; and (2) growth of thrust faults that exploit some of the early proto‐thrust faults and propagate up‐section with progressive break‐through of folds localized above the fault tips. The youngest, still unbreached folds deform the present‐day seafloor. Progressive retro‐deformations show that macroscopic thrust faults and folds account for less than 50% of the margin‐perpendicular shortening imposed by plate convergence. Arguably, significant fractions of the missing components can be attributed to mesoscopic and microscopic scale layer‐parallel shortening within the wedge, in the proto‐thrust zones, and in the outer décollement zone.
The connection between natural gas hydrate and bottom‐simulating reflectors
Authors: Majumdar Urmi , Cook Ann E. , Shedd William , Frye Matthew 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBottom‐simulating reflectors (BSRs) on marine seismic data are commonly used to identify the presence of natural gas hydrate in marine sediments, although the exact relationship between gas hydrate and BSRs is undefined. To clarify this relationship we compile a data set of probable gas hydrate occurrence as appraised from well logs of 788 industry wells in the northern Gulf of Mexico. We combine the well log data set with a data set of BSR distribution in the same area identified from 3‐D seismic data. We find that a BSR increases the chances of finding gas hydrate by 2.6 times as opposed to drilling outside a BSR and that the wells within a BSR also contain thicker and higher resistivity hydrate accumulations. Even so, over half of the wells drilled through BSRs have no detectable gas hydrate accumulations and gas hydrate occurrences and BSRs do not coincide in most cases.
Near‐Earth heliospheric magnetic field intensity since 1750: 2. Cosmogenic radionuclide reconstructions
Authors: Owens M. J. , Cliver E. , McCracken K. G. , Beer J. , Barnard L. , Lockwood M. , Rouillard A. , Passos D. , Riley P. , Usoskin I. , Wang Y.‐M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis is Part 2 of a study of the near‐Earth heliospheric magnetic field strength, B, since 1750. Part 1 produced composite estimates of B from geomagnetic and sunspot data over the period 1750–2013. Sunspot‐based reconstructions can be extended back to 1610, but the paleocosmic ray (PCR) record is the only data set capable of providing a record of solar activity on millennial timescales. The process for converting 10Be concentrations measured in ice cores to B is more complex than with geomagnetic and sunspot data, and the uncertainties in B derived from cosmogenic nuclides (~20% for any individual year) are much larger. Within this level of uncertainty, we find reasonable overall agreement between PCR‐based B and the geomagnetic‐ and sunspot number‐based series. This agreement was enhanced by excising low values in PCR‐based B attributed to high‐energy solar proton events. Other discordant intervals, with as yet unspecified causes remain included in our analysis. Comparison of 3 year averages centered on sunspot minimum yields reasonable agreement between the three estimates, providing a means to investigate the long‐term changes in the heliospheric magnetic field into the past even without a means to remove solar proton events from the records.
Rocket‐borne measurements of electron temperature and density with the Electron Retarding Potential Analyzer instrument
Authors: Cohen I. J. , Widholm M. , Lessard M. R. , Riley P. , Heavisides J. , Moen J. I. , Clausen L. B. N. , Bekkeng T. A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDetermining electron temperature in the ionosphere is a fundamentally important measurement for space science. Obtaining measurements of electron temperatures at high altitudes (>700 km) is difficult because of limitations on ground‐based radar and classic spacecraft instrumentation. In light of these limitations, the rocket‐borne Electron Retarding Potential Analyzer (ERPA) was developed to allow for accurate in situ measurement of ionospheric electron temperature with a simple and low‐resource instrument. The compact ERPA, a traditional retarding potential analyzer with multiple baffle collimators, allows for a straightforward calculation of electron temperature. Since its first mission in 2004, it has amassed significant flight heritage and obtained data used in multiple studies investigating a myriad of phenomena related to magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling. In addition to highlighting the scientific contributions of the ERPA instrument, this paper outlines its theory and operation, the methodology used to obtain electron temperature measurements, and a comparative study suggesting that the ERPA can also provide electron density measurements.
Effect of Aluminum Addition on the Mechanical and Thermal Behavior of Unsaturated Polyester/Jute Composites
Authors: Biswas Bhabatosh , Chabri Sumit , Sawai Pravin , Mitra Bhairab Chandra , Das Kunal , Sinha Arijit 
Published: June 2016

AbstractJute fiber along with Al particle‐reinforced unsaturated polyester composites having different filler (Jute and Al) loading viz. 2, 5, 10, and 15 wt.% were fabricated by compression molding technique. In the present investigation, it was observed that with fillers incorporation, the microhardness increases and becomes optimum at 10 wt.% filler content followed by slight deterioration at 15 wt.%. Scanning electron microscopy confirms the dispersion of the fillers. An improvement of crystallinity with filler addition was observed from X‐ray diffraction pattern. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy pattern ensured the bonding between filler and matrix. Flexural and Izod impact tests show that the strength and modulus increase monotonically up to 10 wt.% filler addition followed by slight decreases at 15 wt.%. Thermogravimetric analysis and Differential Thermogravimetric analysis show that the thermal stability, degradation temperature, and residual mass significantly increase with fillers addition. The thermal insulation of the composites decreases, whereas the electrical conductivity of the composites increases with the addition of the filler. The water absorption at room and boiling temperature suggests swelling and deterioration in strength of the swelled composites.
Behavioral and functional strategies during tool use tasks in bonobos
Authors: Bardo Ameline , Borel Antony , Meunier Hélène , Guéry Jean‐Pascal , Pouydebat Emmanuelle 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDifferent primate species have developed extensive capacities for grasping and manipulating objects. However, the manual abilities of primates remain poorly known from a dynamic point of view. The aim of the present study was to quantify the functional and behavioral strategies used by captive bonobos (Pan paniscus) during tool use tasks. The study was conducted on eight captive bonobos which we observed during two tool use tasks: food extraction from a large piece of wood and food recovery from a maze. We focused on grasping postures, in‐hand movements, the sequences of grasp postures used that have not been studied in bonobos, and the kind of tools selected. Bonobos used a great variety of grasping postures during both tool use tasks. They were capable of in‐hand movement, demonstrated complex sequences of contacts, and showed more dynamic manipulation during the maze task than during the extraction task. They arrived on the location of the task with the tool already modified and used different kinds of tools according to the task. We also observed individual manual strategies. Bonobos were thus able to develop in‐hand movements similar to humans and chimpanzees, demonstrated dynamic manipulation, and they responded to task constraints by selecting and modifying tools appropriately, usually before they started the tasks. These results show the necessity to quantify object manipulation in different species to better understand their real manual specificities, which is essential to reconstruct the evolution of primate manual abilities.
Better together: Thinking anthropologically about genetics
Authors: Algee‐Hewitt Bridget F. B. , Goldberg Amy 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWhat are the effects that genetics has had on Anthropological research and how can we think anthropologically about Genetics? Just as genetic data have encouraged new hypotheses about human phenotypic variation, evolutionary history, population interaction, and environmental effects, so too has Anthropology offered to genetic studies a new interpretive locus in its history and perspective. This introduction examines how the fields of Anthropology and Genetics have arrived at a crucial moment at which their interaction requires careful examination and critical reflection. The papers discussed here exemplify how we may engage in such a trans‐disciplinary conversation. They speak to the future of thoughtful interaction between genetic and anthropological literature and seek a new integration that embodies the holism of the human biological sciences.
Efficient Reduction of CO2 into Formic Acid on a Lead or Tin Electrode using an Ionic Liquid Catholyte Mixture
Authors: Zhu Qinggong , Ma Jun , Kang Xinchen , Sun Xiaofu , Liu Huizhen , Hu Jiayin , Liu Zhimin , Han Buxing 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHighly efficient electrochemical reduction of CO2 into value‐added chemicals using cheap and easily prepared electrodes is environmentally and economically compelling. The first work on the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 in ternary electrolytes containing ionic liquid, organic solvent, and H2O is described. Addition of a small amount of H2O to an ionic liquid/acetonitrile electrolyte mixture significantly enhanced the efficiency of the electrochemical reduction of CO2 into formic acid (HCOOH) on a Pb or Sn electrode, and the efficiency was extremely high using an ionic liquid/acetonitrile/H2O ternary mixture. The partial current density for HCOOH reached 37.6 mA cm−2 at a Faradaic efficiency of 91.6 %, which is much higher than all values reported to date for this reaction, including those using homogeneous and noble metal electrocatalysts. The reasons for such high efficiency were investigated using controlled experiments.
Polypropylene/polystyrene blends prepared by diffusion and subsequent polymerization in polypropylene pellets after injection molding
Authors: Chen Fang , Guo Zhao‐Xia , Yu Jian 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTPP/PS quasi‐nanoblend pellets were synthesized by diffusion and subsequent polymerization of styrene in iPP pellets via a two‐step procedure and then processed by injection molding. The PS distributions along the thickness direction of the molded bars were investigated by Micro‐FTIR, showing almost homogeneous distribution no matter whether the PS distribution in the blend pellets is homogeneous. The morphology of the molded bars was investigated by FESEM, revealing two types of particles (small spherical and bigger irregular‐shaped complex aggregates) and good interfacial adhesion between particles and matrix. The particles are mainly in nano and submicron sizes, and only few particles approach 1 μm. The mechanical properties of the molded bars were evaluated by uniaxial tensile testing, showing a significant reinforcing effect without significantly loosing ductility. The yield strength of all the blends increase 20–27% compared to neat PP and the elongations at break are all over 300%. The remarkable mechanical properties of the molded bars were correlated with their morphology. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43983.
Mixed Event/Time‐Triggered Static Output Feedback L2‐Gain Control for Networked Control Systems
Authors: Yang Sheng‐Hsiung , Wu Jenq‐Lang 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis paper considers the design of mixed event/time‐triggered controllers for networked control systems (NCSs) under transmission delay and possible packet dropout. Assuming that a conventional delayed static output feedback L2‐gain controller exists, we propose an output‐based mixed event/time‐triggered communication scheme for reducing the network traffic in a NCS. Moreover, we show that a conventional delayed static output feedback L2‐gain controller can be obtained by solving a linear matrix inequality with a matrix equality constraint. A numerical example is proposed for demonstrating the theoretical results.
Cell‐to‐cell heterogeneity emerges as consequence of metabolic cooperation in a synthetic yeast community
Authors: Campbell Kate , Vowinckel Jakob , Ralser Markus 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCells that grow together respond heterogeneously to stress even when they are genetically similar. Metabolism, a key determinant of cellular stress tolerance, may be one source of this phenotypic heterogeneity, however, this relationship is largely unclear. We used self‐establishing metabolically cooperating (SeMeCo) yeast communities, in which metabolic cooperation can be followed on the basis of genotype, as a model to dissect the role of metabolic cooperation in single‐cell heterogeneity. Cells within SeMeCo communities showed to be highly heterogeneous in their stress tolerance, while the survival of each cell under heat or oxidative stress, was strongly determined by its metabolic specialization. This heterogeneity emerged for all metabolite exchange interactions studied (histidine, leucine, uracil, and methionine) as well as oxidant (H2O2, diamide) and heat stress treatments. In contrast, the SeMeCo community collectively showed to be similarly tolerant to stress as wild‐type populations. Moreover, stress heterogeneity did not establish as sole consequence of metabolic genotype (auxotrophic background) of the single cell, but was observed only for cells that cooperated according to their metabolic capacity. We therefore conclude that phenotypic heterogeneity and cell to cell differences in stress tolerance are emergent properties when cells cooperate in metabolism.
Recent advances in exploiting ionic liquids for biomolecules: Solubility, stability and applications
Authors: Sivapragasam Magaret , Moniruzzaman Muhammad , Goto Masahiro 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe technological utility of biomolecules (e.g. proteins, enzymes and DNA) can be significantly enhanced by combining them with ionic liquids (ILs) – potentially attractive ”green“ and ”designer“ solvents – rather than using in conventional organic solvents or water. In recent years, ILs have been used as solvents, cosolvents, and reagents for biocatalysis, biotransformation, protein preservation and stabilization, DNA solubilization and stabilization, and other biomolecule‐based applications. Using ILs can dramatically enhance the structural and chemical stability of proteins, DNA, and enzymes. This article reviews the recent technological developments of ILs in protein‐, enzyme‐, and DNA‐based applications. We discuss the different routes to increase biomolecule stability and activity in ILs, and the design of biomolecule‐friendly ILs that can dissolve biomolecules with minimum alteration to their structure. This information will be helpful to design IL‐based processes in biotechnology and the biological sciences that can serve as novel and selective processes for enzymatic reactions, protein and DNA stability, and other biomolecule‐based applications.
Collateral state and the effect of endovascular reperfusion therapy on clinical outcome in ischemic stroke patients
Authors: Gerber Johannes C. , Petrova Marketa , Krukowski Pawel , Kuhn Matthias , Abramyuk Andrij , Bodechtel Ulf , Dzialowski Imanuel , Engellandt Kay , Kitzler Hagen , Pallesen Lars‐Peder , Schneider Hauke , von Kummer Ruediger , Puetz Volker , Linn Jennifer 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPurposeClinically successful endovascular therapy (EVT) in ischemic stroke requires reliable noninvasive pretherapeutic selection criteria. We investigated the association of imaging parameters including CT angiographic collaterals and degree of reperfusion with clinical outcome after EVT.MethodsIn our database, we identified 93 patients with large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation treated with EVT. Besides clinical data, we assessed the baseline Alberta Stroke Program Early CT score (ASPECTS) on noncontrast CT (NCCT) and CT angiography (CTA) source images, collaterals (CT‐CS) and clot burden score (CBS) on CTA and the degree of reperfusion after EVT on angiography. Three readers, blinded to clinical information, evaluated the images in consensus. Data‐driven multivariable ordinal regression analysis identified predictors of good outcome after 90 days as measured with the modified Rankin Scale.ResultsSuccessful angiographic reperfusion (OR 26.50; 95%‐CI 9.33–83.61) and good collaterals (OR 9.69; 95%‐CI 2.28–59.27) were independent predictors of favorable outcome along with female sex (OR 0.35; 95%‐CI 0.14–0.85), younger age (OR 0.88; 95%‐CI 0.83–0.92) and higher NCCT ASPECTS (OR 2.54; 95%‐CI 1.01–6.63). Outcome was best in patients with good collaterals and successful reperfusion, but there was no statistical interaction between collaterals and reperfusion.ConclusionsCTA‐collateral status was the strongest pretherapeutic predictor of favorable outcome in ischemic stroke patients treated with EVT. CTA‐collaterals are thus well suited for patient selection in EVT. However, the independent effect of reperfusion on outcome tended to be stronger than that of CTA‐collaterals.
Diabetic ketoacidosis in vanishing white matter
Authors: Alamri Hannadi , Al Mutairi Fuad , Alothman Johara , Alothaim Ali , Alfadhel Majid , Alfares Ahmed 
Published: June 2016

Key Clinical MessageClinicians should consider the EIF2B1 gene defect in any patient with diffuse white matter disease on an MRI of the brain and DKA.
Cesarean scar caseating granuloma: a case of vesicouterine fistula 30 years after cesarean section
Authors: Sato Toshiharu , Sato Naoki , Takahashi Kazue , Kito Masahiko , Sugawara Tae , Kato Aya , Makino Kenichi , Shimizu Dai , Terada Yukihiro 
Published: June 2016

Key Clinical MessageA mass developing in operating scar part with fistula should raise concern for caseating granuloma even if many years after operation.
Mechanochemical Synthesis of Active Magnetite Nanoparticles Supported on Charcoal for Facile Synthesis of Alkynyl Selenides by C−H Activation
Authors: Mohan Balaji , Park Ji Chan , Park Kang Hyun 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMagnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles supported on charcoal, graphene, or SBA‐15 were prepared by a simple solid‐state grinding technique and subsequent thermal treatment. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles supported on activated charcoal exhibited high catalytic activity and furnished good yields of the alkynyl selenide product in the cross‐coupling reaction of diphenyl diselenide and alkynes through activation of C−H and Se−Se bonds under ecofriendly conditions, surpassing traditional copper‐based catalysts to effect the same organic transformation.