bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived Community Environmental Factors and Risk of Five‐Year Participation Restriction Among Older Adults With or at Risk of Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Vaughan Molly W. , Felson David T. , LaValley Michael P. , Orsmond Gael I. , Niu Jingbo , Lewis Cora E. , Segal Neil A. , Nevitt Michael C. , Keysor Julie J. 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveOlder adults with knee osteoarthritis (OA) who live in environments with mobility barriers may be at greater risk of developing participation restrictions, defined as difficulties in engagement in life situations. We investigated the risk of participation restriction over 5 years due to self‐reported environmental features among older adults with knee OA.MethodsParticipants from the Multicenter Osteoarthritis (MOST) Study self‐reported participation at baseline, 30 months, and 60 months using the instrumental role subscale of the Late Life Disability Index (LLDI). Data on self‐reported environmental features were from the Home and Community Environment questionnaire administered in the MOST Knee Pain and Disability study, an ancillary study of MOST. The relative risks (RRs) of developing participation restriction at 60 months, indicated by an LLDI score <67.6 out of a possible 100, due to reported high community mobility barriers and high transportation facilitators, were calculated using robust Poisson regression, adjusting for covariates.ResultsSixty‐nine of the 322 participants (27%) developed participation restriction by 60 months. Participants reporting high community mobility barriers at baseline had 1.8 times the risk (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.2–2.7) of participation restriction at 60 months, after adjusting for covariates. Self‐report of high transportation facilitators at baseline resulted in a reduced but statistically nonsignificant risk of participation restriction at 60 months (RR 0.7, 95% CI 0.4–1.1).ConclusionHigher perceived environmental barriers impact the risk of long‐term participation restriction among older adults with or at risk of knee OA. Approaches aimed at reducing the development of participation restrictions in this population should consider decreasing environmental barriers.
Association of Chondrocalcinosis in Knee Joints With Pain and Synovitis: Data From the Osteoarthritis Initiative
Authors: Han Bobby Kwanghoon , Kim Woojin , Niu Jingbo , Basnyat Shristi , Barshay Veniamin , Gaughan John P. , Williams Charlene , Kolasinski Sharon L. , Felson David T. 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between chondrocalcinosis and pain or synovitis in knee joints by examining data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI).MethodsData were obtained from the OAI public‐use data sets. The relationship between chondrocalcinosis on baseline knee radiograph and pain at baseline and at 4 years was examined. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and Kellgren‐Lawrence (K/L) grade and the correlation between 2 knees in a subject was controlled using generalized estimating equations. The relationship between chondrocalcinosis and synovitis on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was examined by comparing knees with chondrocalcinosis at baseline and age, sex, and K/L grade–matched knees with no chondrocalcinosis. We read MRIs of a subset of knees for synovitis using the MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Score (MOAKS) on baseline and 4‐year MRI.ResultsKnees with chondrocalcinosis (n = 162) more often had pain compared to knees without chondrocalcinosis (n = 2,030) at baseline and had higher Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index pain scores, both at baseline (mean 2.4 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.9, 2.9]) versus mean 1.8 [95% CI 1.7, 1.9]) and at 4 years (mean 2.5 [95% CI 1.9, 3.1] versus mean 1.6 [95% CI 1.5, 1.8]), as well as higher Intermittent and Constant Osteoarthritis Pain intermittent pain scores at 4 years. There was no difference in MOAKS synovitis scores at baseline and at 4 years between the chondrocalcinosis group (n = 102) and the control group (n = 99).ConclusionKnees with chondrocalcinosis had increased pain and did not have higher synovitis scores on MRI compared to knees without chondrocalcinosis. The mechanisms by which chondrocalcinosis is associated with increased pain remain to be determined.
Cutaneous and Systemic Findings Associated With Nuclear Matrix Protein 2 Antibodies in Adult Dermatomyositis Patients
Authors: Rogers Anna , Chung Lorinda , Li Shufeng , Casciola‐Rosen Livia , Fiorentino David F. 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveTo characterize the cutaneous and systemic clinical phenotype of dermatomyositis patients with antinuclear matrix protein 2 (anti–NXP‐2) antibodies.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of 178 dermatomyositis patients seen at the Stanford University Clinic. An electronic chart review employing a keyword search strategy was performed to collect clinical and laboratory data. Anti–NXP‐2 antibodies were assayed by immunoprecipitation using NXP‐2 produced by in vitro transcription/translation.ResultsAntibodies to NXP‐2 were detected in 20 of the 178 patients (11%). Anti–NXP‐2 antibodies were associated with male sex (50% versus 25%; P = 0.02), dysphagia (74% versus 39%; P = 0.006), myalgia (89% versus 52%; P = 0.002), peripheral edema (35% versus 11%; P = 0.016), and calcinosis (37% versus 11%; P = 0.007). These patients were less likely to be clinically amyopathic (5% versus 23%; P = 0.08). Five of the 20 patients with anti–NXP‐2 antibodies (25%) had an associated internal malignancy. No other cutaneous characteristics were associated with anti–NXP‐2 antibodies, except a decreased frequency of Gottron's sign (44% versus 75%; P = 0.012) and a greater likelihood of having mild skin disease.ConclusionDermatomyositis patients with anti–NXP‐2 antibodies have a distinct and often severe systemic phenotype that includes myalgia, peripheral edema, and significant dysphagia, despite having milder inflammatory skin disease.
The historical spread of Arabian Pastoralists to the eastern African Sahel evidenced by the lactase persistence −13,915*G allele and mitochondrial DNA
Authors: Priehodová Edita , Austerlitz Frédéric , Čížková Martina , Mokhtar Mohammed G. , Poloni Estella S. , Černý Viktor 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectivesThanks to the ability to digest lactose, Arabian nomads had become less dependent upon their sedentary neighbors and some of these populations spread to Africa. When and by which route they migrated to their current locations have previously been addressed only by historical and archaeological data.MethodsTo address the question of Arab expansion into Africa, we collected samples from several Arabic populations, especially the Baggara in Chad and Sudan. We analyzed mutations associated with lactase persistence and reconstructed the surrounding haplotypes defined by SNP polymorphisms. We also sequenced their mitochondrial DNA to investigate relative proportions of sub‐Saharan and Eurasian origins.ResultsWe estimated the expansion age of the −13,915*G mutation in four different Arabian datasets. The oldest age was identified in Yemen (1,356–1,799 ya) and the youngest in a Sudanese group of Rashaayda Arabs (219–312 ya). We also found a negative correlation between the frequency of the −13,915*G allele and the frequency of sub‐Saharan mtDNA haplotypes.ConclusionsEven if the age of the most recent common ancestor of −13,915*G is ∼4 ka as shown in a previous study, our results suggest that its spread to Africa was more recent, which is consistent with the migrations of Arabic tribes. Because the incidence of sub‐Saharan mtDNA haplotypes is negatively correlated with the occurrence of −13,915*G, we suggest that the decrease of its frequency in Africa has been caused by progressive admixture of the Arabian nomads with sub‐Saharan populations.
Effects of combined exposure to metals, solvents, and noise on permanent threshold shifts
Authors: Schaal Nicholas , Slagley Jeremy , Zreiqat Majed , Paschold Helmut 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundStudies suggest metal and solvent exposure may damage hearing. This study evaluated the association between exposures classified as high for metals, solvents, and noise on permanent threshold shift (PTS) development.MethodsA total of 1,546 personnel at an industrial shipyard were divided into five exposure groups based on level of concentration: high noise, high metals/solvents, high metals/noise, high metals/solvents/noise, and a low metals/solvents/noise reference group. Hearing threshold changes were analyzed to identify development of a PTS.ResultsLogistic regression indicated high metals/solvents and high metals/solvent/noise groups had significantly greater odds ratios of 2.4; 95%CI [1.02, 2.85] and 1.7; 95%CI [1.46, 3.94], respectively, compared to a reference group. Both groups were associated with PTSs while controlling for age, gender, and exposure duration.ConclusionsSimultaneous exposures classified as high for metals and solvents may damage hearing. Results suggest the need for expanding hearing conservation programs to consider combinations of exposures to metals, solvents, and noise. Am. J. Ind. Med. 60:227–238, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evolution of the hominoid scapula and its implications for earliest hominid locomotion
Authors: Selby Michael S. , Lovejoy C. Owen 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe higher primate scapula has been subject to many explanations of the putative “adaptive value” of its individual traits. However, the shift from the bone's position in above branch quadrupeds to its more posterolateral position in recent hominoids obviously required fundamental changes to its general form. We hypothesize that most features argued to be individually adaptive are more likely secondary consequences of changes in its fundamental bauplan, a view more consistent with modern developmental biology.Materials and MethodsWe tested this hypothesis with scapular metrics and angles from a broad anthropoid sample.ResultsOur results support our hypothesis. Contrary to earlier predictions, vertebral border length differs little relative to body size in anthropoids, inferior angle position primarily reflects mediolateral scapular breadth, and supraspinous and infraspinous fossa sizes largely reflect scapular spine orientation. Suspensory taxa have cranially oriented glenoids, whereas slow clamberers and humans do not. Australopithecus most closely resembles the latter.DiscussionMost scapular features can be explained by only two primary changes: (1) reduction in mediolateral breadth and (2) change in the glenoid position relative to the vertebral border with increased reliance on suspension, which led to a more cranially angled scapular spine. Virtually all other scapular traits appear to be byproducts of these two changes. Based on fossil morphology, hominids1 were derived from a last common ancestor primarily adapted for clambering and not for suspension. Scapular form in early hominids such as Australopithecus is therefore primitive and largely reflects the genus's general clambering heritage.
Funktionelle Isoeugenol‐modifizierte Nanogel‐Beschichtungen für biologische Grenzflächen
Authors: Kather Michael , Skischus Merle , Kandt Pierre , Pich Andrij , Conrads Georg , Neuss Sabine 
Published: January 2017

AbstractEs wurde eine neue Route zur Synthese funktioneller wässriger Nanogele mit kontrollierter Isoeugenol‐Oberflächenbeladung entwickelt. Die so erhaltenen Nanogele haben zwei Schlüsselfunktionen: a) antibakterielle Aktivität gegen diverse orale Krankheitserreger sowie b) zelladhäsive und zellwachstumsfördernde Eigenschaften. Diese funktionellen Nanogele sind potenzielle Bausteine für bioaktive Beschichtungen auf verschiedenen Implantaten, die zur Verhinderung von Infektionen und zur Förderung von Zellwachstum genutzt werden können.
Protonendetektierte Festkörper‐NMR‐Spektroskopie an einem Zinktransporter‐Membranprotein in nativen Nanoscheiben
Authors: Bersch Beate , Dörr Jonas M. , Hessel Audrey , Killian J. Antoinette , Schanda Paul 
Published: January 2017

AbstractStruktur, Dynamik und Funktion von Membranproteinen sind eng verknüpft mit den Eigenschaften der Membranumgebung, in die sie eingebettet sind. Im Allgemeinen müssen Membranproteine für strukturelle und biophysikalische Untersuchungen aber aus der Membran extrahiert und in einem geeigneten Membranmimetikum rekonstituiert werden. Ob die funktionelle und strukturelle Integrität in solchen künstlichen Umgebungen erhalten bleibt, ist oft nicht leicht zu evaluieren, aber für die Interpretation von höchster Wichtigkeit. Das Styrol‐Maleinsäure‐Copolymer ermöglicht es, Membranproteine mit den umgebenden Lipiden direkt aus nativen Membranen zu extrahieren. Die resultierenden scheibenförmigen Proteolipid‐Partikel werden auch native Nanoscheiben genannt. Wir zeigen hier, am Beispiel des 2×34 kDa großen bakteriellen Kationendiffusionsunterstützers CzcD, dass hochaufgelöste Festkörper‐NMR‐Spektren von integralen Membranproteinen in nativen Nanoscheiben erhalten werden können.
The Role of Holes in Borophenes: An Ab Initio Study of Their Structure and Stability with and without Metal Templates
Authors: Karmodak Naiwrit , Jemmis Eluvathingal D. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAn electron‐counting strategy starting from magnesium boride was used to show the inevitability of hexagonal holes in 2D borophene. The number (hole density, HD) and distribution of the hexagonal holes determine the binding energy per boron atom in monolayer borophenes. The relationship between binding energy and HD changes dramatically when the borophene is placed on a Ag(111) surface. The distribution of holes in borophenes on Ag(111) surfaces depends on the temperature. DFT calculations show that aside from the previously reported S1 and S2 borophene phases, other polymorphs may also be competitive. Plots of the electron density distribution of the boron sheets suggest that the observed STM image of an S2 phase corresponds to a sheet with a HD of 2/15 instead of a sheet with a HD of 1/5. The hole density and the hole distribution echo the distribution of vacancies and extra occupancies in complex β‐rhombohedral boron.
N‐Heterocyclic‐Carbene‐Catalyzed Umpolung of Imines
Authors: Patra Atanu , Mukherjee Subrata , Das Tamal Kanti , Jain Shailja , Gonnade Rajesh G. , Biju Akkattu T. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractN‐Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis has been widely used for the umpolung of aldehydes, and recently for the umpolung of Michael acceptors. Described herein is the umpolung of aldimines catalyzed by NHCs, and the reaction likely proceeds via aza‐Breslow intermediates. The NHC‐catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of aldimines bearing a Michael acceptor resulted in the formation of biologically important 2‐(hetero)aryl indole 3‐acetic‐acid derivatives in moderate to good yields. The carbene generated from the bicyclic triazolium salt was found to be efficient for this transformation.
Highly Multiplexed Single‐Cell In Situ Protein Analysis with Cleavable Fluorescent Antibodies
Authors: Mondal Manas , Liao Renjie , Xiao Lu , Eno Taylor , Guo Jia 
Published: January 2017

AbstractLimitations on the number of proteins that can be quantified in single cells in situ impede advances in our deep understanding of normal cell physiology and disease pathogenesis. Herein, we present a highly multiplexed single‐cell in situ protein analysis approach that is based on chemically cleavable fluorescent antibodies. In this method, antibodies tethered to fluorophores through a novel azide‐based cleavable linker are utilized to detect their protein targets. After fluorescence imaging and data storage, the fluorophores coupled to the antibodies are efficiently cleaved without loss of protein target antigenicity. Upon continuous cycles of target recognition, fluorescence imaging, and fluorophore cleavage, this approach has the potential to quantify over 100 different proteins in individual cells at optical resolution. This single‐cell in situ protein profiling technology will have wide applications in signaling network analysis, molecular diagnosis, and cellular targeted therapies.
Bio‐Inspired Fragmentations: Rapid Assembly of Indolones, 2‐Quinolinones, and (−)‐Goniomitine
Authors: Li Haokun , Cheng Peng , Jiang Long , Yang Jin‐Liang , Zu Liansuo 
Published: January 2017

AbstractInspired by the biogenetic origin of goniomitine, new synthetic bio‐inspired fragmentation strategies for the synthesis of functionalized 2‐quinolinones and indolones have been developed. Remarkable synthetic efficiency was achieved by telescoping several transformations into one‐pot reactions, allowing for the direct coupling of 2‐alkynyl‐anilines and diazo ketones. The synthetic utility was demonstrated by the 5‐step asymmetric total synthesis of (−)‐goniomitine from 2‐ethyl‐cyclopentanone.
An Electron Acceptor with Porphyrin and Perylene Bisimides for Efficient Non‐Fullerene Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Andong , Li Cheng , Yang Fan , Zhang Jianqi , Wang Zhaohui , Wei Zhixiang , Li Weiwei 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA star‐shaped electron acceptor based on porphyrin as a core and perylene bisimide as end groups was constructed for application in non‐fullerene organic solar cells. The new conjugated molecule exhibits aligned energy levels, good electron mobility, and complementary absorption with a donor polymer. These advantages facilitate a high power conversion efficiency of 7.4 % in non‐fullerene solar cells, which represents the highest photovoltaic performance based on porphyrin derivatives as the acceptor.
Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Lactams through Formal [4+2] Cycloaddition of Imines with Homophthalic Anhydride
Authors: Jarvis Claire L. , Hirschi Jennifer S. , Vetticatt Mathew J. , Seidel Daniel 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAn amide‐thiourea compound, operating through a novel ion pairing mechanism, is an efficient organocatalyst for the asymmetric reaction of homophthalic anhydride with imines. N‐aryl and N‐alkyl imines readily undergo formal [4+2] cycloaddition to provide lactams with high levels of enantio‐ and diastereoselectivity. The nature of the key chiral ion pair intermediate was elucidated by DFT calculations.
NHC‐Organocatalyzed CAr−O Bond Cleavage: Mild Access to 2‐Hydroxybenzophenones
Authors: Janssen‐Müller Daniel , Singha Santanu , Lied Fabian , Gottschalk Karin , Glorius Frank 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA Truce–Smiles rearrangement of acyl‐anion equivalents generated by N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis has been achieved. The developed method includes CAr−O, CAr−S, or CAr−N bond cleavage for the formation of a CAr−C bond and enables access to 2‐hydroxybenzophenones, an important structural motif that is present in several bioactive natural products. By utilizing this procedure, the alkaloid taxilamine was synthesized in three steps. DFT calculations and control experiments support a classical SNAr mechanism with a catalyst‐bound Meisenheimer‐type intermediate. The method features mild reaction conditions, excellent functional‐group tolerance, and a broad substrate scope, including various classes of (hetero)arenes.
Presence of vacuoles in natural rubber–Cloisite 15A nanocomposites
Authors: Petković Didović Mirna , Klepac Damir , Meera A. P. , Thomas Sabu , Valić Srećko 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTWe studied natural rubber (NR) filled with frequently used organoclay Cloisite 15A using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), cryoporosimetry, and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Quantitative analysis of the TEM micrographs showed a high level of dispersion without the formation of a rigid filler network. The presence of vacuoles was established on the surface of Cloisite 15A; this indicated weak filler–matrix interactions. The mechanism of reinforcement is, therefore, discussed. The volume of vacuoles was found to be proportional to the crosslinking density; this was confirmed with ESR spin‐probe method. The shape of the ESR spectra was highly influenced by the presence of vacuoles. In the NR–Cloisite 10A nanocomposites, vacuoles were absent. The strong interactions implied by this result were confirmed by ESR measurements and are discussed further. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44776.
Flexible perfluoroalkoxy films filled with carbon nanotubes and their electric heating property
Authors: Meng Xing , Liu Yangsi , Huang Meiyan , Cao Jian‐Ping 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) filled perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) films with the thicknesses of about 10 μm have been prepared via blade coating. Both of the CNTs and PFA are aqueous dispersion, which are favorable for the uniform dispersion of fillers into the matrix. The morphology, direct current (DC) resistivity, electrothermal property, and thermal diffusivity of the composite films were studied. We find out that the fraction of CNTs played a vital role in the heating property and thermal transferring capacity of the composite films. Under the input voltage of 110 V, the temperature of PFA composite film with 15 wt % CNT reached to 200 °C, and the thermal diffusivity was about 3.3 mm2/s. We believe these CNTs/PFA films are promising alternatives to work as flexible electric heating devices. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44782.
Polydopamine dots as an ultrasensitive fluorescent probe switch for Cr(VI) in vitro
Authors: Zhao Shizhen , Song Xun , Bu Xiuming , Zhu Chong , Wang Gang , Liao Fang , Yang Siwei , Wang Miao 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTBecause of the great demand for fluorescent materials, fluorescent dyes, semiconductor quantum dots, and carbon‐based quantum dots have been studied extensively. However, the poor photostability and potential biological toxicity need to be resolved. In this study, we demonstrated the synthesis of a new biomass quantum dot, the polydopamine dot (PDADs), via a simple hydrothermal method under an acidic environment. This new biomass quantum dot showed not only remarkable photoluminescence properties (quantum yield = 0.93) but also a high stability and low toxicity. Moreover, these PDADs could be used as a fluorescent probe for the rapid detection of Cr(VI) (response time = 0.01 s). The detection limit (1 × 10−11 M) is the lowest detection limit reported for Cr(VI) fluorescent probes. The mechanism efficient quenching progress could have been due to the fast redox progress between the PDADs and Cr(VI). Moreover, we also showed a practical application of PDADs for Cr(VI) detection in vitro. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44784.