bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Zika virus-associated microcephaly case with background exposure to STORCH agents
Authors: Hanaoka Mauro Mitsuru , Kanas Alexandre Fligelman , Braconi Carla Torres , Mendes Érica Araújo , Santos Robert Andreata , Souza Ferreira Luís Carlos de , Passos Cunha Marielton dos , Braga Patrícia Beltrão , Mendonça Dias João Leonardo , Polonio Carolina Manganeli , Garrido Andrade David Anibal , Freitas Carla Longo de , Rossato Cristiano , Brandão Wesley Nogueira , Schatzmann Peron Jean Pierre , Amorim Filho Antonio Gomes de , Andrade Joelma Queiroz , Vieira Francisco Rossana Pulcineli , Kok Fernando , Suzuki Lisa , Costa Leite Claudia da , Lucato Leandro Tavares , Sall Amadou Alpha , Andrade Zanotto Paolo Marinho de 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe present a case of microcephaly associated with Zika virus (ZIKV) in a chronological, multimodal imaging approach, illustrating the hallmarks of this disease on intrauterine morphological ultrasound, transfontanelar ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We also determined the serological e immunological status of the mother and newborn. Noticeably, there was evidence for maternal infection by ZIKV, cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), dengue virus (DENV) andToxoplasma gondii, which indicates a possible role of previous exposures to STORCH agents and possibly comorbidities in the severe fetal congenital manifestation.Author SummaryZika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging mosquito-borne arbovirus causing dengue-like symptoms. In humans the illness is characterized by malaise and cutaneous rash and absent or short-termed fever. Recently, the Brazilian Ministry of Health reported an outbreak of microcephaly in Brazil as a delayed effect of the 2014-2015 outbreak of ZIKV in the Northeast of Brazil. A 20-fold increase in the notifications of newborns with microcephaly was documented during the second semester of 2015. This increase was almost immediately found to be associated with ZIKV infections, both in Brazil and, retrospectively, in French Polynesia. Herein we report a case of microcephaly associated with ZIKV and we also present evidence of other maternal infections. Our results indicated that, both mother and microcephaly infant had immunologic status compatible with previous exposure (in the mother) by STORCH agents. These indicate a possible role of previous exposures and possibly comorbidities in the severe fetal congenital manifestation. □
Impacts of white-tailed deer on regional patterns of forest tree recruitment
Authors: Bradshaw Lauren , Waller Donald M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractLocal, short-to medium-term studies make clear that white-tailed deer can greatly suppress tree growth and survival in palatable tree species. To assess how deer have broadly affected patterns of tree recruitment across northern Wisconsin, we analyzed recruitment success in 11 common trees species that vary in palatability across 13,105 USFS - FIA plots sampled between 1983 and 2013. We also examined how recruitment in these species covaried with estimated deer densities here. Saplings of five palatable species were scarce relative to less palatable species and showed highly skewed distributions. Scarcity and skew provide reliable signals of deer impacts even when deer have severely reduced recruitment and/or no reliable deer density data are available. Deer densities ranged from 2.3-23 deer per km2over a 30 year period. Sapling numbers in two maples (Acer) and aspen (Populus) with intermediate palatability declined sharply in apparent response to higher deer density. Path analysis also reveals that deer act to cumulatively depress sapling recruitment in these species over successive decades. Together, these approaches show that deer have strongly depressed sapling recruitment in all taxa exceptAbiesandPicea. As these impacts are now propagating into larger sized trees, deer are also altering canopy composition composition and dynamics. The tools developed here provide efficient and reliable indicators for monitoring deer impacts on forest tree recruitment using consistent data collected by public agencies.
Bacteria regulate choanoflagellate development with lipid activators, inhibitors, and synergists
Authors: Woznica Arielle , Cantley Alexandra M. , Beemelmanns Christine , Freinkman Elizaveta , Clardy Jon , King Nicole 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn choanoflagellates, the closest living relatives of animals, multicellular “rosette” development is regulated by environmental bacteria. The simplicity of this evolutionarily-relevant interaction provides an opportunity to identify the molecules and regulatory logic underpinning bacterial regulation of development. We find that the rosette-inducing bacteriumAlgoriphagus machipongonensisproduces three structurally divergent classes of bioactive lipids that, together, activate, enhance, and inhibit rosette development in the choanoflagellateS. rosetta. One class of molecules, the lysophosphatidylethanolamines (LPEs), elicits no response on its own, but synergizes with activating sulfonolipid rosette inducing factors (RIFs) to recapitulate the full bioactivity of liveAlgoriphagus. LPEs, while ubiquitous in bacteria and eukaryotes, have not previously been implicated in the regulation of a host-microbe interaction. This study reveals that multiple bacterially-produced lipids converge to activate, enhance, and inhibit multicellular development in a choanoflagellate.Significance StatementBacterial symbionts profoundly influence the biology of their animal hosts, yet complex interactions between animals and their resident bacteria often make it challenging to characterize the molecules and mechanisms. Simple model systems can reveal fundamental processes underlying interactions between eukaryotes and their associated microbial communities, and provide insight into how bacteria regulate animal biology. In this study we isolate and characterize bacterial molecules that regulate multicellular development in the closest living relatives of animals, the choanoflagellate. We find that multiple bacterially-derived lipids converge to activate, enhance, and inhibit choanoflagellate multicellular development.
Systems-level chromosomal parameters represent the suprachromosomal basis for a non-random chromosomal arrangement in human interphase nuclei
Authors: Fatakia Sarosh N. , Mehta Ishita S. , Rao Basuthkar J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractForty-six chromosome territories (CTs) are positioned uniquely in the human interphase nuclei, wherein each of their position can range from the center of the nucleus to its periphery. A non-empirical basis for their non-random arrangement remains unreported. Here, we derive a suprachromosomal basis of that overall arrangement (which we refer to as a CT constellation), and report a hierarchical nature of the same. Using matrix algebra, we unify intrinsic chromosomal parameters (e.g., chromosomal length, gene density, the number of genes per chromosome), to derive an extrinsic effective gene density matrix, the hierarchy of which is dominated by the extrinsic mathematical coupling of HSA19, followed by HSA17 (human chromosome 19 and 17, both preferentially interior CTs) with all CTs. We corroborate predicted constellations and the effective gene density hierarchy with published reports from fluorescent in situ hybridization based microscopy and Hi-C techniques, and delineate analogous hierarchy in disparate vertebrates. Our theory accurately predicts CTs localized to the nuclear interior, which interestingly share conserved synteny with HSA19 and/or HSA17. Finally, the effective gene density hierarchy dictates how inter-CT permutations represent plasticity within constellations and we suggest that a differential mix of coding with noncoding genome may modulate the same.
The effect of local inter-inhibitory connectivity on the dynamics of an activity-dependent neuronal network growth model
Authors: Barnard Rosanna C. , Kiss Istvan Z. , Berthouze Luc 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe balance between excitation and inhibition in a neuronal network is considered to be an important predictor of neural excitability. Various processes are thought to maintain this balance across a range of stimuli/conditions. However, the developmental formation of this balance remains an open question, especially regarding the interplay between network blue-print (the spatial arrangement of excitatory and inhibitory nodes) and homeostatic processes. In this paper, we use a published model of activity-dependent growth to show that the E/I ratio alone cannot accurately predict system behaviour but rather it is the combination of this ratio and the underlying spatial arrangement of neurones that predict both activity in, and structure of, the resulting network. In particular, we highlight the particular role of clustered inter-inhibitory connectivity. We develop a measure that allows us to determine the relationship between inter-inhibitory connectivity clustering and system behaviour in an exhaustive list of spatial arrangements with a given fixed number of excitatory and inhibitory neurones. Our results reveal that, for a given E/I ratio, networks with high levels of inter-inhibitory clustering are more likely to experience oscillatory behaviour than networks with low levels, and we investigate the network attributes which characterise each global behaviour type produced by the model. We identify possible approaches for extensions of the current work, and discuss the implications these results may have on future modelling studies in this field.
The past, the present and the future of accounting for human rights
Authors: McPhail Ken , Ferguson John 
Published: May 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to discuss a number of important recent developments in the area of business and human rights and considers the impact of these developments for accounting, assurance and reporting. Following the UN endorsement of the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (the Guiding Principles) in June 2011, initiatives related to their implementation have advanced at a rapid pace. Despite the centrality of accounting, assurance and reporting to some of the key initiates – accounting research has, hitherto, lagged behind this growing momentum. In order to address this lacunae, this paper develops an agenda for future research in the area of accounting and human rights. In doing so, the paper provides an overview of the important contributions advanced by the other papers in this special issue ofAccounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal (AAAJ).Design/methodology/approach– This paper draws together and identifies key issues and themes related to the rapidly evolving research and policy domain of business and human rights and considers the relevance of these issues to accounting research.Findings– The paper highlights the wide-ranging impact the Guiding Principles and other developments in business and human rights have for accounting practice and draws attention to potential areas of research for accounting scholars. In particular, the paper highlights the emergence of business and human rights due diligence requirements, including their management and reporting. Further, the paper draws attention to the development of business and human rights reporting and assurance practice – which, while still in its infancy, has gathered considerable momentum and support.Research limitations/implications– The paper provides important insights into emerging issues and developments in business and human rights that have clear relevance to accounting research and practice.Originality/value– This paper, and the other contributions to this special issue ofAAAJ, provide a basis and a research agenda for accounting scholars seeking to undertake research in this significant and emerging field.
Business
&
human rights: a commentary from the inside
Authors: Posner Michael 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to first, provide an overview of the genesis of the business and human rights agenda; second, to identify key areas of focus in the emerging business and human rights agenda; and, finally, to argue for an approach to engaging business in the human rights agenda that is both challenging and practically orientated.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper draws on the author’s ethnographic experiences both as a human rights advocate with Human Rights First (1978-2009) and as Assistant Secretary of State for the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor at the US State Department (2009-2013).

Findings
– The paper links the business and human rights agenda to the growth in size and power of corporations. It identifies six key areas of focus in this emerging agenda, specifically, supply chains and labor rights, the extractive industries especially relating to security, information technology and issues of freedom of expression, agriculture and issues of child and forced labor, and investment and socially responsible investors. The paper contends that business schools have a crucial role to play in engaging businesses in a challenging and practical way to provide them with workable solutions to these challenges.

Research limitations/implications
– The paper contends that we have come to the end of the beginning of the discussion of business and human rights and are now in the phase of defining what the rules are in this twenty-first century global economy. The paper provides important considerations for taking this phase forward.

Originality/value
– This paper provides original insights into the emergence of the business and human rights agenda. It identifies key areas of focus along with a valuable approach to making progress in these areas.
Predicting genotype compositions in norovirus seasons in Japan
Authors: Suzuki Yoshiyuki , Doan Yen Hai , Kimura Hirokazu , Shinomiya Hiroto , Shirabe Komei , Katayama Kazuhiko 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTNoroviruses cause acute gastroenteritis. Since multiple genotypes of norovirus co‐circulate in humans, changing the genotype composition and eluding host immunity, development of a polyvalent vaccine against norovirus in which the genotypes of vaccine strains match the major strains in circulation in the target season is desirable. However, this would require prediction of changes in the genotype composition of circulating strains. A fitness model that predicts the proportion of a strain in the next season from that in the current season has been developed for influenza A virus. Here, such a fitness model that takes into account the fitness effect of herd immunity was used to predict genotype compositions in norovirus seasons in Japan. In the current study, a model that assumes a decline in the magnitude of cross immunity between norovirus strains according to an increase in the divergence of the major antigenic protein VP1 was found to be appropriate for predicting genotype composition. Although it is difficult to predict the proportions of genotypes accurately, the model is effective in predicting the direction of change in the proportions of genotypes. The model predicted that GII.3 and GII.4 may contract, whereas GII.17 may expand and predominate in the 2015–2016 season. The procedure of predicting genotype compositions in norovirus seasons described in the present study has been implemented in the norovirus forecasting system (NOROCAST).
What Accounts for the Decline of Happiness of Children as They Grow into Their Teens: A Hong Kong Case Study
Authors: Ho Lok Sang , Ip Patrick 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis paper reports the results of two dual surveys of children from Primary 4 through Secondary 3 and their parents, conducted between November 2011–January 2012 and September–October 2013 in Hong Kong. One key finding, which confirms those reported from other parts of the world, is that happiness declines as children grow into their teens. The present study discovers that this is related to declines in love, insight, fortitude and engagement: four aspects of mental capital essential to happiness, which may be associated with mounting pressures as children grow up. Pressures from extracurricular activities surprisingly appear to have a much greater adverse effect on happiness than pressures from school work. These results may reflect the fact that a child's disposable time decreases monotonically as they grow older through age 13, with extracurricular activities aggravating the lack of leisure. Perceived financial well‐being of the household is found to be associated with children's happiness and children's love scores. A loving relationship between the parents and their respect for the child's opinions and privacy mitigate any intergenerational barrier to effective communication or negative effect from parents’ age, and enhance happiness.
Asymmetric federalism and economic voting
Authors: LEÓN SANDRA , ORRIOLS LLUIS 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAlthough federal arrangements adopt a multiplicity of forms across and within federations, this article suggests that some models of power division are better than others at enhancing clarity of responsibility and electoral accountability. This conclusion is the result of exploring responsibility attribution and economic voting in a state where decentralisation arrangements vary across regions: the Spanish State of Autonomies. Using electoral surveys and aggregated economic data for the 1982–2012 period, the empirical analysis shows that regional economic voting is most pronounced in regions where decentralisation design concentrated authority and resources at one level of government, whereas it is inexistent in regions where devolution followed a more intertwined model of power distribution. The implication of the empirical findings is that the specific design of intergovernmental arrangements is crucial to make electoral accountability work in federations.
Integrated Process for Production of Galangal Acetate, the “Wasabi‐Like” Spicy Compound, and Analysis of Essential Oils of Rhizoma Alpinia officinarum (Hance) Farw
Authors: Lin Li‐Yun , Shen Kun‐Hung , Yeh Xiang‐Yü , Huang Bou‐Yü , Wang Hui‐Er , Chen Kuan‐Chou , Peng Robert Y. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractRhizoma Alpinia officinarum (Hance) Farw, Zingiberaceae (AO), a ginger family herb exhibiting stimulant and a carminative bioactivity, is widely used in European and Asian countries as spicy condiment and medicinal uses. Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) is the main pungent taste of native Wasabi (Wasabia japonica). The cytotoxicity of AITC has been implicated in thymus, adrenals, and white blood cells. Considering food safety, apparently a safer substitute for wasabi is worthy commercialized. Previously, we found AO crude paste to be rather feasible for use as a “Wasabi‐substitute” in fresh meat and cold salads. A process linking cold ethyl acetate (EtAc) extraction with silica gel adsorption and reversed phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) (mobile phase, 75% methanol) was used to isolate galangal acetate, the Wasabi‐like taste constituent. AO contained abundant galangal acetate (3.84 ± 0.07%) compared to A. galangal (0.57 ± 0.16%), and as already confirmed by thin layer chromatography (TLC), gas chromatography (GC)/mass spectrometry (MS)/MS and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR), galangal acetate was particularly thermally labile. The steam distilled essential oil (SDEO) of AO (0.14% on wet basis) contained 80 compounds (number of component, %): monoterpene hydrocarbon (21, 13.83%); oxygenated monoterpene (17, 27.08%); sesquiterpene hydrocarbon (20, 31.03%), and oxygenated sesquiterpene (20, 21.85%), respectively. However, no spicy wasabi‐like constituent remained in SDEO. Alternatively, n‐hexane, EtAc, and methanol extracts of AO all showed potent DPPH‐ and superoxide anion–scavenging activity. Conclusively, SDEO although contains 80 volatiles, galangal acetate is absent due to thermal instability. Galangal acetate exhibits pleasant “Wasabi‐like taste” for which we have successively developed an integrated process for mass production.
Clinical effect of pemetrexed as the first‐line treatment in Chinese patients with advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase‐positive non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Ma Di , Hao Xuezhi , Wang Yan , Xing Puyuan , Li Junling 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundThe efficacy of pemetrexed‐based first‐line chemotherapy in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐positive non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been demonstrated in several studies; however, there is a lack of data from Chinese populations.MethodsThe clinicopathological characteristics and treatment outcomes of 52 patients with ALK‐positive advanced NSCLC who received pemetrexed as first‐line chemotherapy at the Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences were retrospectively reviewed. The primary end points were response rate and progression‐free survival (PFS).ResultsThe gender proportion was balanced and the median age was 51 years (range 26–76). Of the 52 patients, 46 (88.5%) had stage IV disease, predominantly adenocarcinoma (98.1%). Sixteen patients were current/former smokers and 36 were never/light smokers. The most common sites of metastasis were the pleura (36.5%), bone (30.8%), lung (26.9%), and brain (17.3%). The median PFS was 9.5 months (95% confidence interval 7.454–11.536). At the time of analysis, partial remission was achieved in 18 (34.6%) patients, stable disease in 26 (50.0%), and progressive disease in eight (15.4%); none of the patients achieved complete remission. The objective response rate was 34.6% and the disease control rate was 84.6%. Common adverse events with pemetrexed were neutropenia (53.8%), nausea and vomiting (51.9%), leukopenia (32.7%), and fatigue (25.0%), mainly at grades 1 or 2.ConclusionsPemetrexed is efficient and tolerated as first‐line treatment for ALK‐positive NSCLC in a cohort of Chinese patients and may prove to be an alternative option for the treatment of ALK‐positive NSCLC.
Alphaherpesvirus‐associated disease in greater bilbies (Macrotis lagotis)
Authors: Besier AS , Mahony TJ , Crockford M , Gravel JL , Chapman TF , O'Dea MA 
Published: May 2016

Case reportA captive breeding colony of 9 greater bilbies (Macrotis lagotis) exhibited mild upper respiratory signs and sudden deaths with 100% mortality over a 2‐week period. Histologically, acute necrotising and erosive epithelial lesions throughout the upper respiratory system and bronchi were associated with eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies. Inclusions were also present in hepatocytes and adrenocortical cells, but were not always associated with necrosis. Transmission electron microscopy of lung sections revealed nucleocapsids forming arrays within some nuclei. A pan‐herpesvirus PCR yielded a 440‐bp product, with sequencing confirming homology with the alphaherpesviruses. Viral culture in a marsupial cell line resulted in cytopathic effect consistent with an alphaherpesvirus.ConclusionThis is the first report of a herpesvirus‐associated disease in greater bilbies.