bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Turner’s Syndrome
Authors: Guarneri Maria Pia , Abusrewil S.A.S. , Bernasconi S. , Bona G. , Cavallo L. , Cicognani A. , Di Battista E. , Salvatoni A. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Turner syndrome (TS) is the most common sex-chromosome abnormality in females. Short stature and hypogonadism are the classical clinical findings. The spontaneous final height (FH) ranges between 139 and 147 cm, representing a growth deficit of about 20 cm with respect to the unaffected population. GH therapy improves FH and should be started during childhood at a high dose of about 1 IU/kg/week (range 0.6-2 IU/kg/week). Some authors advocate combined therapy with an anabolic steroid at various doses (e.g. oxandrolone 0.05-0.1 mg/kg/day). This treatment results in a significantly increased FH, .a large proportion of treated girls reaching a FH of more than 150 cm. Gonadal function is compromised during adolescence in about 80% of girls with TS, whilst in about 20% pubertal development occurs spontaneously. Oestrogen therapy should be started at the age of 13-14 years in hypogonadic patients; early onset of treatment (before 12 years) seems to compromise FH. Other concerns in these patients are fertility and osteopenia.
Optimal Therapy of Pubertal Disorders in Precocious/Early Puberty
Authors: Tatò L. , Savage M.O. , Antoniazzi F. , Buzi F. , Di Maio S. , Oostdijk W. , Pasquino A.M. , Raiola G. , Saenger P. , Tonini G. , Voorhoeve P.G. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
GnRHa have been used in the treatment of central precocious puberty (CPP) for a decade and some final results of this therapy are now available. Treatment preserves height potential in younger patients and a complete recovery of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis occurs at the end of treatment. However, some aspects of the management of CPP are still debated. Probably the age limits between normal and precocious puberty have to be lowered, and new diagnostic tools will modify and simplify diagnostic criteria. The possibility of progression of premature thelarche into precocious puberty, the pathogenesis of organic and idiopathic precocious puberty, the criteria for decision to treat and to stop treatment and the utility of an association with GH treatment will be better understood in the future. Follow-up of patients after stopping therapy includes frequency and characteristics of menses, the possible higher incidence of polycystic ovary-like syndrome and the correct achievement of a normal peak bone mass and body composition. In this review we discuss some of these points, with particular attention to precocious puberty in girls.
When terminology matters: The imperative as a comparative concept
Authors: Jary Mark , Kissine Mikhail 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe imperative should be thought of as a comparative concept, defined as a sentence type whose only prototypical function is the performance of the whole range of directive speech acts. Furthermore, for a non-second-person form to count as an imperative it must be homogeneous with the second-person form, thereby allowing true imperative paradigms to be distinguished from those that recruit alternative structures. This definition of the imperative sentence type allows more accurate crosslinguistic analysis of imperative paradigms, and provides principled grounds for distinguishing between imperative and so-called “hortative” and “jussive” forms. It also helps to clarify the irrealis – or better –
“More about me” – Self-Presentation and
Narrative Strategies in Caribbean Online
Dating Ads
Authors: Mühleisen Susanne 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This paper focuses on self-presentation in dating ads and the strategies advertisers employ
to construct their persona to attract and initiate responses from the desired other. Dating ads have
experienced considerable structural changes in their transition from print media to online forms. The
use of diverse media and interaction forms as well as extended space has resulted in a diversification of
possibilities in online partner search in which advertisers use fragmented stories, past and anticipated
narratives in order to construct a basic personal narrative. It is argued here that the act of posting the
dating ads also functions as part of the advertisers’ life story with the projected end of finding romance
or fulfilling other relational goals. The analysis of examples from a corpus of Caribbean dating ads also
shows how advertisers make use of particular cultural references, lexical items and spelling adaptations
in their creation of an authentic Caribbean persona and as a means to establish common ground with a
potential partner.
Box-Behnken experimental design for the production of precipitated calcium carbonate
Authors: Kirboga Semra , Öner Mualla , Dogan Ozlem 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was synthesized by means of ultrasonic process in the presence of the water-soluble polymer carboxymethyl inulin (CMI). Synthesized CaCO3 crystals were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and BET (Brunauer, Emmett and Teller) isotherm. Applying Box-Behnken experimental design, the effects of the amplitude of sonicator (Amp), biopolymer concentration (BC) and the application time of ultrasound (AT) on the preparation of CaCO3 with respect to specific surface area (SSA) of final product was investigated. The experimental design was studied at three levels. The range of the amplitude of sonicator, polymer concentration and the application time of ultrasound were 25%–50%, 0.25–0.75 g/L and 1–5 min, respectively. The model equation representing specific surface area (SSA) of calcium carbonate was expressed as functions of three operating parameters namely the application time of the ultrasound, the amplitude of sonicator and polymer concentration. The results showed that the application time of ultrasound was the most significant variable that influenced the surface area of the crystals among three variables and the experimental results were in good agreement with those predicted by the proposed regression model. The highest value of specific surface area was obtained at the maximum application time of ultrasound.
Rigid Foam Extrusion of Polyvinylchloride – Effects of Blowing Agent and Plasticizer
Authors: Kim Kwang Ung , Park Tae Suk , Kim Byoung Chul 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The effects of blowing agent and plasticizer on foaming characteristics of polyvinylchloride (PVC) were investigated, using a short cylindrical die. Of two blowing agents tested, azodicarbonamide (ADCA) exhibited a wider leverage of volumetric flow rate for processability while sodium bicarbonate (SBC) showed a wider temperature leverage. The mixed use of two blowing agents gave a better control for extrudate density, product color and processability. Of three nucleating agents, two acidic ones, citric acid and boric acid, enhanced uniformity of cells and efficiency of the blowing agents slightly. It was observed that dioctyl phthalate (DOP), used as plasticizer, tended to migrate toward the surface of the die wall, giving rise to smooth surface layer of the extruded profile foam. A possibility exists to produce profile foams having smooth skin, by controlling the type of blowing agent and processing conditions.
Dynamic Simulation and Graphics for the Injection Molding of Three-Dimensional Thin Parts
Authors: Wang V.W. , Hieber C.A. , Wang K.K. 
Published: November 2016

Summary
A numerical formulation is presented for simulating the injection-molding filling of thin cavities, together with the delivery system, in three dimensions. The modelling is based on generalized Hele-Shaw flow for an inelastic, non-Newtonian fluid under non-isothermal conditions, which has been previously shown to be satisfactory for simulating the polymer melt flow in the cavities. A hybrid numerical scheme is employed in which the injection-molded part is described by two-dimensional triangular elements, provided that the cavity thickness is relatively thin, and the gapwise and time derivatives are expressed in terms of finite differences. The elements are flat, but can have any orientation in 3-D space to approximate the surfaces of the molded part.
A triangular element is further divided into three sub-areas by joining the centroid of the element to the mid-point of its three edges. The control volume associated with any vertex node is then defined as the sum of all such sub-areas containing that node multiplied by each respective thickness. The numerical calculation of the flow field (or the pressure field) is based on the conservation of mass in each control volume which, at any given instant, can be either empty, partially filled, or totally filled with polymer melt. The melt-front location is defined by the partially filled control volumes which are allowed to advance in the calculation such that one partially filled control volume gets filled during each properly chosen time step with all of its adjacent empty control volumes then becoming new melt-front control volumes. The pressure and temperature are calculated at each time step, with the resulting pressure field determining the flow direction which, in turn, determines which partially-filled control volume should get filled during the following time step.
One-dimensional flow segments, such as circular or non-circular tubes, can also be employed to represent the delivery system. This one-dimensional flow is coupled with the cavity filling in order to form a complete simulation of the mold filling. Comparisons with experiment have been made for a rectangular cavity with three inserts. The results show good agreement in terms of pressure traces and weldline locations. Another complex 3-D injection molded part has also been modelled to demonstrate the capability of the analysis.
A Study of the Interactions Between Oligoamidephosphate (OAPh) and Curatives in a Sulphenamide-Accelerated Sulphur Vulcanizing System
Authors: Vladkova Todorka G. , Alaminov Alexander Chr. , Pankova Milka G. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The possible interactions between oligoamidephosphate (OAPli) and the curatives of a sulphenamide-accelerated sulphur vulcanizing system were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, IR-spectroscopy, and X-ray analysis. The interactions in double mixtures were between OAPh and zinc oxide (ZnO) and OAPh and sulphur. The OAPh/ZnO interaction that starts at room temperature seems to be the key for understanding the peculiarities of sulphenamide-accelerated sulphur vulcanization in the presence of OAPh.
Radioiodination of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor Olomoucine loaded Fe@Au nanoparticle and evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy on cancerous cells
Authors: Takan Gokhan , Guldu Ozge Kozgus , Medine Emin Ilker 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles have promising biomedical applications such as drug delivery, novel therapeutics and diagnostic imaging. Magnetic drug delivery combination works on the delivery of magnetic nanoparticles loaded with drug to the target tissue by means of an external magnetic field. Gold coated iron oxide (Fe@Au) nanoparticles can provide useful surface chemistry and biological reactivity. Covalent conjugation to the Fe@Au nanoparticles through cleavable linkages can be used to deliver drugs to tumor cells, then the drug can be released by an external. In this paper, purine based cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) inhibitor Olomoucine (Olo) [2-(Hydroxyethylamino)-6-benzylamino-9-methylpurine] was loaded on gold coated iron oxide (Fe@Au) nanoparticles and radiolabeled with 131I to combine magnetic targeted drug delivery and radiotherapy. Fe@Au nanoparticles were synthesized by microemulsion method. The characterization of nanoparticles was examined by TEM, VSM and XRD. Amine activation was utilized by cysteamine hydrochloride and then CDI was used for conjugation of Olomoucine. Antiproliferative effect and cytotoxicity of Olomoucine loaded Fe@Au nanoparticles (Fe@Au-Olo) were investigated on MCF7 and A549 cell lines. Proliferation rate was decreased while uptake of Fe@Au-Olo on both cell lines was high in comparison with Olomoucine. Also, enhanced incorporation ratio was observed under external magnetic field.
Toxicity of Polyacrylamide and Acrylamide Monome
Authors: King Diana J. , Noss Richard R. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to present information gathered regarding, in general, the physical characteristics, and, in particular, the possible toxic nature of polyacrilamides. A short discussion of the properties and toxicity of the acrylamide monomer is also included.
The United States government, specifically the Food and Drug Administration and the Environmental Protection Agency, already regulates several uses of polyacrylamide; criteria and standards have been established based on numerous toxicological studies of both polyacrylamide and acrylamide. These studies are reviewed and summarized.
The regulations generally restrict both the amount of residual acrylamide monomer in the polyacrylamide and the amount of polymer that may be used in the specified application. By imposing this type of restriction, a maximum limit on the amount of acrylamide in contact with food or drinking water can be indirectly achieved.
Pollutant Toxicity to Aquatic Animals - Methods of Study and Their Applications
Authors: Abel P. D. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The toxicity of water pollutants to aquatic animals is reviewed, with particular emphasis on methods for measuring lethal toxicity, factors influencing toxicity, the measurement of chronic and sublethal toxicity, and the role of toxicological data in formulating water quality standards. Methods for measuring lethal toxicity are well established and have been applied to a wide range of fish and invertebrate species. Their applications and limitations are discussed. The measurement of sublethal toxicity employs very diverse techniques ranging from biochemical to the use of experimental ecosystems. Profitable techniques are those which possess one or more of the characteristics: sensitivity, specificity, ecological relevance. A large data base now exists on the toxicity of pollutants to aquatic species, singly and in combination, and on the effects of environmental conditions, and interspecific and intraspecific biotic factors. Toxicological data and information from field studies are complementary, and their use in formulating water quality standards for the preservation of aquatic life is discussed.
A meta-theoretical approach to the history and theory of semiotics
Authors: Lagopoulos Alexandros Ph. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The object of this paper is the domain of semiotic theories, from “traditional” semiotics to poststructuralism and postmodernism, excluding “semiotizing” approaches such as phenomenology or cultural studies. Thus, it is metatheoretical. It is based on two matrices. The first maps semiotic theories on the basis of the continuity or discontinuity between them. The second displays the logical categories of the relationship between semiotics and Marxism, which has historically been an important influence on the field. The paper presents the views of the main authors of the domain in terms of these two matrices. Some of the conclusions are: (a) the irreconcilability between Saussurean and Peircean semiotics; (b) the greater historical development of the former in comparison to the latter; (c) the different orientation between Central and Eastern European semiotics on the one hand and French semiotics on the other; (d) the strong influence of Saussure and Levi-Straussian structuralism on poststructuralism; (e) the increase of the influence of Marxism from structuralism to poststructuralism; and (f) the transformation from poststructuralism to North American postmodernism.
The paper closes with some thoughts about the present status of the main semiotic currents and a proposal for a fertile future orientation for semiotics.
Rumänische Vermittlung in zwischenslawischen Wortentlehnungen (Zur Geschichte einiger polnischer Wöter südslawischer Herkunft)
Authors: Feleszko Kazimierz 
Published: November 2016

Резюме
Дакорумыпекан языковая территория на двух своих полюсах, на северном и южном, сталкивается со славянскими языками. Румынско-болгарский языковой контакт на юге был особенно сильным. Древность и прочность славянских заимствований на отой терри­тории припили к тому, что заимствованные славянские слова уже как румынизмм прони­кали в северно-славянские языки и диалекты, главным образом посредством украинского языка. Этим путем вошли они и в польские диалекты карнатского района.
ʙ статье анализируются слова hyrtyp, kila/kiela, klaka, lanc/lаnс, maslina, pomana, saraku, stупа, droźdźe, которые посредством румынского языка попали н региональный польский язык на Буконине и Восточных Карпатах ʙ 18-20 веках.
Förderung und Erforschung des Sorbischen in der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik
Authors: Lötzsch Ronald 
Published: November 2016

Summary
This paper deals with the politics of German states towards the Sorbs and their language. While before 1945, especially during the Nazi regime, German authorities would oppress and germanize ethnic and linguistic minorities, in the GDR the Sorbs are enjoying equal rights with the German citizens. The Sorbian language is not only language or object of instruction in schools of Lusatia, but also object of exploration in linguistic institutes, above all, at the Academy of Sciences of the GDR.
Um Gleichheit und Unabhängigkeit der Sprache
Authors: Neumann Werner 
Published: November 2016

Summary
The following paper deals with the interdependencies between the views of language propagated by German authors in the era of Napoleon wars and the contemporary language situation. It is argued that at that time wore discussed similar problems as involved also in the principles of the language policy of the French Revolution, especially the regional extension and the social validity of the national literary language. Therefore the scientific situation in Germany at that time was not only characterized by the historical and comparative researches which came up simultaneously and were prefaced by traditional historiography of linguistics.
Towards a comprehensive time – aspect – model for Bengali
Authors: Baganz Lutz 
Published: November 2016

Zusammenfassung
Unterschiedlichste natürliche Sprachen liefern immer wieder Indizien dafür, daß die Sprecher dieser Sprachen als Wesen einer dreidimensionalen Welt die Zeit als eine weitere vierte Dimension offenbar nur zweidimensional begreifen können. Die Zeitachse scheint daher am ehesten geeignet, sowohl in der Forschung als auch in der Lehre eine Modellierung dieses Phänomens vorzunehmen. Dies um so mehr, als es am konkreten Beispiel des Bengali, einer neuindoarischen Aspekt-Sprache, dadurch möglich wird, Temporalität mit Aspektualität anschaulich zu verbinden. Letztendliches Ziel ist, in das Wesen der einzelnen Tempus-Modus-Formen dieser Sprache vorzudringen, um ausgehend von der jeweiligen Hauptfunktion auch die entsprechenden Nebenfunktionen im Gesamtrahmen des temporalen Feldes besser zu verstehen. Der Artikel gibt prinzipielle Überlegungen wieder, die der Autor bei der Abfassung einer Grammatik des Bengali zur Anwendung bringen will.
Theoretische und praktische Probleme einer arabischen Synonymik für deutschsprachige Wörterbuchbenutzer
Authors: Schulz Eckehard 
Published: November 2016

Summary
A dictionary of Synonyms in Modern Standard Arabic for German speaking users is still one of the desiderata despite the importance of Synonyms for teaching Arabic and translation. Compiling such a dictionary needs a solid theoretical foundation which has to take into consideration that Modern Arabic is spoken in the Arab countries in numerous regional dialects and sociolects which are in permanent interaction with Modern Standard Arabic.
Mystical Morality and Heroic Transcendence: Eleusinian Orphism and Political Ethics in Euripides’ Iphigenia at Aulis
Authors: Markantonatos Andreas 
Published: November 2016

Abstract:
In this paper I shall argue that in Iphigenia at Aulis Euripides seeks to lay bare the utter incoherence of the idea that moral laws should remain silent and idle during wartime by deploying powerful mystical signals of great ethical moment, especially Eleusinian and Orphic major key signatures and codes. In this way, he trains the Athenian audience to engage more fully in the intricate process of plotting and anticipating the heroically induced denouement, while at the same time repeatedly asserting the value of political morality, and its refusal, as motive forces in the configuration of power relationships in democratic Athens in particular and in war-torn Greece in general.
“To be real honest, I’m just like you”: analyzing the discourse of personalization in online sermons
Authors: Bryan Clint , Albakry Mohammed 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This paper investigates the discourse of LifeChurch.tv, an American evangelical megachurch – headed by the influential pastor Craig Groeschel – whose sermons are accessed by thousands of followers on the Internet. The study is based on the transcripts of a five-year period of online preaching (177 sermons). The goal was to apply the framework of critical discourse analysis (CDA) to digital sermons, particularly focusing on examining the elements of personalization in this relatively new form of “net” evangelism. Groeschel’s “hyper-personalized” style of preaching, we argue, utilizes strategies intended to lessen any perceived barriers between the speaker and his virtual congregation. The study discusses the implications for the commodification and mediatization of religion in the digital age.
Fitness Profiles of Elite Adolescent Irish Rugby Union Players
Authors: Wood Daniel J. , Coughlan Garrett. F. , Delahunt Eamonn 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Wood, DJ, Coughlan, GF, and Delahunt, E. Fitness profiles of elite adolescent Irish rugby union players. J Strength Cond Res 32(1): 105–112, 2018—Rugby unions throughout the world are implementing player development models to prepare young players to meet the demands of professional rugby union. An example of this is the Irish Rugby Football Union Long Term Player Development model. The purpose of this study was to provide normative data relating to the physical fitness of elite adolescent Irish rugby union players and determine the differences in the physical capacities between players in the forward and back units as well as to provide descriptive data for the position categorizations within these units for this unique population. Players in the forward unit were significantly taller and heavier than players in the back unit (1.85 ± 0.06 m and 96.88 ± 9.00 kg vs. 1.79 ± 0.05 m and 81.97 ± 7.09 kg, respectively). Forwards (38.37 ± 4.00 cm) had a significantly lower countermovement jump height than backs (41.31 ± 4.44 cm). Forwards had a significantly lower triple hop for the distance score on their right (5.78 ± 0.52 m) and left (5.78 ± 0.55 m) legs compared with backs (6.26 ± 0.42 m and 6.33 ± 0.45 m, respectively). Forwards (1.85 ± 0.07 seconds) had a significantly higher 10-m sprint time than backs (1.77 ± 0.06 seconds). Furthermore, forwards (675.90 ± 82.46 m) had a significantly lower 150-m shuttle test score than backs (711.71 ± 27.46 m). The results of this study provide normative data for players who currently possess underage international potential and could be used by strength and conditioning coaches to guide the selection of players through talent identification processes.