bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diabetes Mellitus Directs NKT Cells Toward Type 2 and Regulatory Phenotype / Diabetes Melitus Usmerava Diferencijaciju NKT Celija U Pravcu Tip 2 I Regulatornog Fenotipa
Authors: Gajovic Nevena , Jovanovic Ivan , Ilic Aleksandar , Jeremic Nevena , Jakovljevic Vladimir , Arsenijevic Nebojsa , Lukic Miodrag L. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is chronic disorder characterized by hyperglycaemia. Hyperglycaemia induces mitochondrial dysfunction, enhances oxidative stress and thus promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Earlier studies suggested that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Previous studies have revealed that hyperglycaemia changes the functional phenotype of monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, NK cells and CD8+ T cells. The aim of this study was to investigate whether diabetes affects the functional phenotype of NKT cells.
Diabetes mellitus was induced in BALB/c mice by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at a single dose of 170 mg/kg body weight. The number and functional phenotype of splenic NKT cells was assessed by fl ow cytometry, 28 days after diabetes induction.
The diabetic condition facilitated the production of antioxidant enzymes, including catalase (p<0.05) and superoxide dismutase. Hyperglycaemia enhanced oxidative stress and thus decreased the number of splenic NKT cells but did not change the percentage of splenic CD3+CD49+ NKT cells that express the activatory receptor NKP46 or produce IFN-γ. However, hyperglycaemia increased the frequency of splenic NKT cells that express KLRG-1 and produce TGF-β, IL-4, and IL-5, and it decreased the frequency of IL-17+ NKT cells.
Our study indicates that diabetes mellitus induces oxidative stress and switches the functional phenotype of NKT cells towards type 2 (IL-4 and IL-5 producing NKTs) and regulatory (TGF-β Thproducing NKTs) phenotypes. These findings are correlated with the clinical observation in humans that diabetic patients are more prone to infections and tumours.
Impact of Fiscal Decentralization on Motor Vehicle Taxation in the Slovak Republic
Authors: Konečný Vladimír , Gnap Jozef , Šimková Ivana 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The article deals with the motor vehicle tax in relation with fiscal decentralization, particularly from 2005 with competence delegated to the self-governing regions in the area of motor vehicle tax. The result of this provision in the field of fiscal decentralization is increasing of differences in the motor vehicle tax burden in self-governing regions of Slovakia. The paper is the result of solving a series of impact studies solved by the authors in this field. Gradually over time from the transfer of competences in setting tax rates on motor vehicles to self-governing regions and usage of the incomes of this tax can realistically assess the development and impact of this element of fiscal decentralization in the Slovak Republic as well as propose a solution of resulting situation. The aim is to eliminate differences in motor vehicle tax burden at regional and interstate level while maintaining the current level of tax revenues of self-governing regions.
Groupage Cargo Transportation Model
Authors: Aleksejevs Ruslans , Guseinovs Raufs , Medvedev Alexander N. , Guseynov Sharif E. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
In this work we consider a specific problem of optimal planning of maritime transportation of multiproduct cargo by ships of one (corporate strategy) or several (partially corporate strategy) companies: the core of the problem consists of the existence of the network of intermediate seaports (i.e. transitional seaports), where for every ship arrived the cargo handling is done, and which are situated between the starting and the finishing seaports. In this work, there are mathematical models built from scratch in the form of multicriteria optimization problem; then the goal attainment method of Gembicki is used for reducing the built models to a one-criterion problem of linear programming.
Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull Correlates With Strength, Sprint, and Agility Performance in Collegiate Rugby Union Players
Authors: Wang Ran , Hoffman Jay R. , Tanigawa Satoru , Miramonti Amelia A. , La Monica Michael B. , Beyer Kyle S. , Church David D. , Fukuda David H. , Stout Jeffrey R. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Wang, R, Hoffman, JR, Tanigawa, S, Miramonti, AA, La Monica, MB, Beyer, KS, Church, DD, Fukuda, DH, and Stout, JR. Isometric mid-thigh pull correlates with strength, sprint, and agility performance in collegiate rugby union players. J Strength Cond Res 30(11): 3051–3056, 2016—The purpose of this investigation was to examine the relationships between isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) force and strength, sprint, and agility performance in collegiate rugby union players. Fifteen members of a champion-level university's club rugby union team (mean ± SD: 20.67 ± 1.23 years, 1.78 ± 0.06 m, and 86.51 ± 14.18 kg) participated in this investigation. One repetition maximum (1RM) squat, IMTP, speed (40 m sprint), and agility (proagility test and T-test) were performed during 3 separate testing sessions. Rate of force development (RFD) and force output at 30, 50, 90, 100, 150, 200, and 250 milliseconds of IMTP, as well as the peak value were determined. Pearson product-moment correlation analysis was used to examine the relationships between these measures. Performance in the 1RM squat was significantly correlated to the RFD between 90 and 250 milliseconds from the start of contraction (r's ranging from 0.595 to 0.748), and peak force (r = 0.866, p ≤ 0.05). One repetition maximum squat was also correlated to force outputs between 90 and 250 milliseconds (r's ranging from 0.757 to 0.816, p ≤ 0.05). Sprint time over the first 5 m in the 40 m sprint was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) correlated with peak RFD (r = −0.539) and RFD between 30 and 50 milliseconds (r's = −0.570 and −0.527, respectively). Time for the proagility test was correlated with peak RFD (r = −0.523, p ≤ 0.05) and RFD between 30 and 100 milliseconds (r's ranging from −0.518 to −0.528, p's < 0.05). Results of this investigation indicate that IMTP variables are significantly associated with strength, agility, and sprint performance. Future studies should examine IMTP as a potential tool to monitor athletic performance during the daily training of rugby union players.
The Association Between Visual Assessment of Quality of Movement and Three-Dimensional Analysis of Pelvis, Hip, and Knee Kinematics During a Lateral Step Down Test
Authors: Rabin Alon , Portnoy Sigal , Kozol Zvi 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Rabin, A, Portnoy, S, and Kozol, Z. The association between visual assessment of quality of movement and three-dimensional analysis of pelvis, hip, and knee kinematics during a lateral step down test. J Strength Cond Res 30(11): 3204–3211, 2016—Altered movement patterns including contralateral pelvic drop, increased hip adduction, knee abduction, and external rotation have been previously implicated in several lower extremity pathologies. Although various methods exist for assessing movement patterns, real-time visual observation is the most readily available method. The purpose of this study was to determine whether differing visual ratings of trunk, pelvis, and knee alignment, as well as overall quality of movement, are associated with differences in 3-dimensional trunk, pelvis, hip, or knee kinematics during a lateral step down test. Trunk, pelvis, and knee alignment of 30 healthy participants performing the lateral step down were visually rated as “good” or “faulty” based on previously established criteria. An additional categorization of overall quality of movement as either good or moderate was performed based on the aggregate score of each individual rating criterion. Three-dimensional motion analysis of trunk, pelvis, hip, and knee kinematics was simultaneously performed. A faulty pelvis alignment displayed a greater peak contralateral pelvic drop (effect size [ES], 1.65; p < 0.01) and a greater peak hip adduction (ES: 1.04, p = 0.01) compared with participants with a good pelvis alignment. Participants with a faulty knee alignment displayed greater peak knee external rotation compared with participants with a good knee alignment (ES, 0.78; p = 0.02). Participants with an overall moderate quality of movement displayed increased peak contralateral pelvic drop (ES, 1.07; p = 0.01) and peak knee external rotation (ES, 0.72; p = 0.04) compared with those with an overall good quality of movement. Visual rating of quality of movement during a lateral step down test, as performed by an experienced physical therapist, is associated with differences in several kinematics previously implicated in various pathologies.
Technical Actions, Heart Rate, and Locomotor Activity in 7v7 and 8v8 Games for Female Youth Soccer Players
Authors: Ørntoft Christina , Larsen Malte N. , Andersen Thomas B. , Rasmussen Lasse S. , Póvoas Susana C.A. , Randers Morten B. , Krustrup Peter 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Ørntoft, C, Larsen, MN, Andersen, TB, Rasmussen, LS, Póvoas, SCA, Randers, MB, and Krustrup, P. Technical actions, heart rate, and locomotor activity in 7v7 and 8v8 games for female youth soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 30(12): 3298–3303, 2016—The purpose of this study was to evaluate technical performance, heart rate (HR), and activity profile in 7v7 and 8v8 soccer games for 9- to 10-year-old girls (U11). A total of 24 female youth players participated in the study, all playing 20-minute 7v7 and 8v8 games with 160 and 223 m2 per player, respectively. Technical actions, HR, and activity profile were measured during the games using video filming, HR monitors, and 5-Hz Global positioning system (GPS) units. The number of technical actions was higher in 7v7 than in 8v8 games (34 ± 19 vs. 28 ± 14; p = 0.03; d = 0.37), as was the number of successful actions (25 ± 16 vs. 20 ± 12; p = 0.01; d = 0.35), with no difference in success rate for technical actions (70 ± 13 vs. 69 ± 14%; p = 0.63; d = 0.07). No differences were found between 7v7 and 8v8 in total distance covered (1,574 ± 251 and 1,622 ± 281 m; p = 0.66; d = 0.18), peak speed (19.5 ± 2.6 and 20.7 ± 1.5 km·h−1; p = 0.16; d = 0.56), mean HR values (85 ± 5 and 86 ± 6%HRpeak; p = 0.85; d = 0.18), and time of >90% HRpeak (37 ± 16 and 35 ± 14% of playing time; p = 0.70; d = 0.13). Distance covered at the highest running speeds of >16 km·h−1 was lower in 7v7 than in 8v8 games (34 ± 24 vs. 63 ± 34 m; p = 0.018; d = 0.98), as was the number of entries into this speed zone (8 ± 5 vs. 13 ± 7; p = 0.006; d = 0.82). In conclusion, more technical actions and successful actions were observed in 7v7 than in 8v8 games, but players covered more ground with high-speed running in 8v8 games. This study also revealed that HR values were high in both game formats for U11 adolescent female players, with no difference between formats.
Total Hemoglobin Mass, Aerobic Capacity, and HBB Gene in Polish Road Cyclists
Authors: Malczewska-Lenczowska Jadwiga , Orysiak Joanna , Majorczyk Edyta , Zdanowicz Ryszard , Szczepańska Beata , Starczewski Michal , Kaczmarski Jacek , Dybek Tomasz , Pokrywka Andrzej , Ahmetov Ildus I. , Sitkowski Dariusz 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Malczewska-Lenczowska, J, Orysiak, J, Majorczyk, E, Zdanowicz, R, Szczepańska, B, Starczewski, M, Kaczmarski, J, Dybek, T, Pokrywka, A, Ahmetov, II, and Sitkowski, D. Total hemoglobin mass, aerobic capacity, and the HBB gene in polish road cyclists. J Strength Cond Res 30(12): 3512–3519, 2016—The relationship between genes, amount of hemoglobin, and physical performance are still not clearly defined. The aim of this study was to examine the association between-551C/T and intron 2, +16 C/G polymorphisms in the beta hemoglobin (HBB) gene and total hemoglobin mass (tHbmass) and aerobic capacity in endurance athletes. Total hemoglobin mass and aerobic capacity indices, i.e.,V̇o
2max, oxygen uptake at anaerobic threshold (V̇o
2AT), maximal power output (Pmax), and power at anaerobic threshold (PAT) were determined in 89 young road cyclists, female (n = 39) and male (n = 50), who were genotyped for 2 polymorphisms in the HBB gene. The relative values of aerobic capacity indices differed significantly among intron 2, +16 C/G polymorphisms of the HBB gene only in female cyclists; athletes with GG genotype had significantly higher values of V̇o
2max (p = 0.003), V̇o
2AT (p = 0.007), PAT (p = 0.015), and Pmax (p = 0.004) than C carriers. No relationships were found between the C-carrier model (CC + CG vs. GG in the case of intron 2, +16 C/G and CC + CT vs. TT for -551 C/T polymorphisms of the HBB gene) and relative values of tHbmass. Our results demonstrated that the HBB gene could be related to aerobic capacity, but it seems that it does not result from an increase in the amount of hemoglobin in the blood.
Ingestion of a Nitric Oxide Enhancing Supplement Improves Resistance Exercise Performance
Authors: Mosher Scott L. , Sparks S. Andy , Williams Emily L. , Bentley David J. , Mc Naughton Lars R. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Mosher, SL, Sparks, SA, Williams, EL, Bentley, DJ, and Mc Naughton, LR. Ingestion of a nitric oxide enhancing supplement improves resistance exercise performance. J Strength Cond Res 30 (12): 3520–3524, 2016—Studies have established that supplementation of nitrate increases nitric oxide which in turn improves exercise performance. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of nitrate ingestion on performance of bench press resistance exercise until failure. Twelve recreationally active (age, 21 ± 2 years, height, 177.2 ± 4.0 cm, weight, 82.49 ± 9.78 kg) resistance-trained men participated in the study. The study used a double-blind, randomized cross-over design, where participants ingested either 70 ml of “BEET It Sport” nitrate shot containing 6.4 millimoles (mmol−1·L−1) or 400 mg of nitrate or a blackcurrant placebo drink. Participants completed a resistance exercise session, consisting of bench press exercise at an intensity of 60% of their established 1 repetition maximum (1RM), for 3 sets until failure with 2 minutes rest interval between sets. The repetitions completed, total weight lifted, local and general rate of perceived exertion (RPE), and blood lactate were all measured. The results showed a significant difference in repetitions to failure (p ≤ 0.001) and total weight lifted (p ≤ 0.001). However, there were no significant difference between blood lactate over the 2 trials (p = 0.238), and no difference in Local (p = 0.807) or general (p = 0.420) indicators of fatigue as measured by RPE. This study demonstrates that nitrate supplementation has the potential to improve resistance training performance and work output compared with a placebo.
Validity and Reliability of a Submaximal Intermittent Running Test in Elite Australian Football Players
Authors: Veugelers Kristopher R. , Naughton Geraldine A. , Duncan Craig S. , Burgess Darren J. , Graham Stuart R. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Veugelers, KR, Naughton, GA, Duncan, CS, Burgess, DJ, and Graham, SR. Validity and reliability of a submaximal intermittent running test in elite Australian football players. J Strength Cond Res 30(12): 3347–3353, 2016—The aim of this article was to determine the validity and reliability of a submaximal intermittent running (SIR) test in elite Australian rules football (ARF) players. Heart rate (HR) responses of 38 elite ARF players to both the SIR and the yo-yo intermittent recovery 2 (YYIR2) tests were compared over 2 trials. Linear regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between SIR test HR responses and YYIR2 test performance. Heart rate responses of 25 elite ARF players to the SIR test were monitored over 3 trials. Day-to-day reliability was determined using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), typical error of measurement, coefficient of variation (CV), and smallest worthwhile change. Large inverse correlations were reported between 2-, 3-, and 4-minute HR during the SIR test and YYIR2 test distance (r = −0.58 to −0.61, p < 0.01). Heart rate recovery after 2 and 3 minutes of the SIR test was moderately correlated to YYIR2 distance (r = 0.32–0.35, p ≤ 0.05). Strong correlations for ICC (r = 0.90–0.97) and low CV (1.3–9.2%) were reported for all HR variables. Monitoring HR during the SIR test is a valid and reliable indicator of YYIR2 test performance in elite ARF players. These findings support the use of the SIR test as a regular and non-fatiguing indicator of intermittent running capacity.
Age-Related Variation in Male Youth Athletes' Countermovement Jump After Plyometric Training: A Meta-Analysis of Controlled Trials
Authors: Moran Jason J. , Sandercock Gavin R.H. , Ramírez-Campillo Rodrigo , Meylan César M.P. , Collison Jay A. , Parry Dave A. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Moran, J, Sandercock, GRH, Ramírez-Campillo, R, Meylan, CMP, Collison, J, and Parry, DA. Age-related variation in male youth athletes' countermovement jump after plyometric training: A meta-analysis of controlled trials. J Strength Cond Res 31(2): 552–565, 2017—Recent debate on the trainability of youths has focused on the existence of periods of accelerated adaptation to training. Accordingly, the purpose of this meta-analysis was to identify the age- and maturation-related pattern of adaptive responses to plyometric training in youth athletes. Thirty effect sizes were calculated from the data of 21 sources with studies qualifying based on the following criteria: (a) healthy male athletes who were engaged in organized sport; (b) groups of participants with a mean age between 10 and 18 years; and (c) plyometric-training intervention duration between 4 and 16 weeks. Standardized mean differences showed plyometric training to be moderately effective in increasing countermovement jump (CMJ) height (Effect size = 0.73 95% confidence interval: 0.47–0.99) across PRE-, MID-, and POST-peak height velocity groups. Adaptive responses were of greater magnitude between the mean ages of 10 and 12.99 years (PRE) (ES = 0.91 95% confidence interval: 0.47–1.36) and 16 and 18 years (POST) (ES = 1.02 [0.52–1.53]). The magnitude of adaptation to plyometric training between the mean ages of 13 and 15.99 years (MID) was lower (ES = 0.47 [0.16–0.77]), despite greater training exposure. Power performance as measured by CMJ may be mediated by biological maturation. Coaches could manipulate training volume and modality during periods of lowered response to maximize performance.
Relationship Between the Range of Motion and Isometric Strength of Elbow and Shoulder Joints and Ball Velocity in Women Team Handball Players
Authors: Schwesig René , Hermassi Souhail , Wagner Herbert , Fischer David , Fieseler Georg , Molitor Thomas , Delank Karl-Stefan 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Schwesig, R, Hermassi, S, Wagner, H, Fischer, D, Fieseler, G, Molitor, T, and Delank, K-S. Relationship between the range of motion and isometric strength of elbow and shoulder joints and ball velocity in women team handball players. J Strength Cond Res 30(12): 3428–3435, 2016—The aims of this study were to investigate relationships between isometric strength and range of motion (ROM) of shoulder and elbow joints and compare 2 different team handball throwing techniques in women team handball. Twenty highly experienced women team handball players (age: 20.7 ± 2.9 years; body mass: 68.4 ± 6.0 kg; and height: 1.74 ± 0.06 m) participated in this study. The isometric strength (hand-held dynamometer) and ROM (goniometer) of shoulder and elbow joints were measured at the beginning of the preseasonal training. After clinical examination, the subjects performed 3 standing throws with run-up (10 m) and 3 jump throws over a hurdle (0.20 m). The mean ball velocity was calculated from 3 attempts and measured using a radar gun. The results showed that the ball velocity of the standing throw with run-up (v
ST) was significantly higher than that of the jump throw (v
JT) (25.5 ± 1.56 vs. 23.2 ± 1.31 m·s−1; p < 0.001). Therefore, significant playing position effects (p = 0.021) were only found for ST. Goalkeepers (n = 2) had the lowest (22.6 ± 0.04 m·s−1) and backcourt players (n = 9), the highest (26.1 ± 1.36 m·s−1) v
ST. The retroversion strength in the shoulder was the only parameter with relevant correlations to both throws (v
ST: r = 0.52, and v
JT: r = 0.43). Other relevant relationships to v
JT were found for adduction strength shoulder (r = 0.55) and ROM flexion elbow (r = −0.54). The v
ST was only correlated to the glenohumeral internal rotation deficit. As a consequence, strength is more important than the ROM, and in addition to this, the shoulder, compared with the elbow, has a greater influence on the v
ST in highly experienced women team handball players.
The probiotic Enterococcus faecium modifies the intestinal morphometric parameters in weaning piglets
Authors: Ciro Galeano Johana Andrea , López Herrera Albeiro , Parra Suescún Jaime 
Published: April 2016

Global trends for animal production have seen a decrease in the use of antimicrobial compounds in feed, generating the need to implement new nutritional strategies that stimulate growth and promote intestinal health. This study aimed to determine whether the addition of E. faecium in drinking water improves intestinal morphometric parameters in post- weaning pigs compared with the probiotics strains L. acidophilus and L. casei on days 1 (21 days of age), 15 and 30 postweaning. The small intestine was completely removed to evaluate the morphometric parameters (length and width of villi and crypts) in the different intestinal segments (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum). They were fed for 30 days with two diets: commercial diet with or without antibiotics. The different probiotics, L. acidophillus, L. casei and E. faecium, were administered in the drinking water of the animals that consumed the commercial diet without antibiotics. A randomized block design in split-plot arrangement was used. There was a significant increase (P<0.01) in the width and length of villi, and a decrease (P<0.01) in the values obtained for the width and depth of crypts in the animals that consumed E .faecium, as compared to those that consumed the diet with addition of antibiotics. The use of probiotics, especially E. faecium, is a nutritional treatment strategy when antimicrobial compound are used, improving the intestinal morphometric parameters and, at the same time, the digestive and productive parameters of the animals. Work is in progress to investigate the effects of probiotic supplementation on the mofication of gut microbiota of post-weaning piglets.
Thermal and thermodynamic characterization of a dye powder from liquid turmeric extracts by spray drying
Authors: Coronel Delgado Aura Yazmin , Ciro Velásquez Héctor José , Restrepo Molina Diego Alonso 
Published: April 2016

This study aimed to evaluate the thermodynamic properties of sorption isotherms and glass transition temperature (Tg) and the thermal properties of a dye powder obtained from turmeric extracts using spray drying. The sorption isotherms were evaluated at 15, 25 and 35 °C using the dynamic gravimetric method, wherein the isotherm data of the experiment were fit to GAB and BET models. Likewise, the Tg was measured using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to determine the mass loss, and the thermal properties (heat capacity, diffusivity and thermal conductivity) were determined using transient flow method. The results demonstrated that the GAB model best fit the adsorption data. The DSC analysis presented a glass transition temperature of 65.35 °C and a loss of volatiles at 178.07 °C. The TGA analysis indicated a considerable mass loss starting at 193 °C, resulting in degradation of the product. The thermal properties demonstrated a heat capacity of 2.45 J/g °C, a thermal conductivity of 0.164 ± 0.001 W/mK and a thermal diffusivity of 8.7x10-8 ± 0.000 m2/s.