bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient‐centered support in the survivorship care transition: Outcomes from the Patient‐Owned Survivorship Care Plan Intervention
Authors: Kvale Elizabeth A. , Huang Chao‐Hui Sylvia , Meneses Karen M. , Demark‐Wahnefried Wendy , Bae Sejong , Azuero Casey B. , Rocque Gabrielle B. , Bevis Kerri S. , Ritchie Christine S. 
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUNDTo the authors' knowledge, few studies to date have evaluated the effects of survivorship care planning on the care transition process from specialty cancer care to self‐management and primary care, patient experience, or health outcomes. The Patient‐owned Survivorship Transition Care for Activated, Empowered survivors (POSTCARE) is a single coaching encounter based on the Chronic Care Model that uses motivational interviewing techniques to engage survivors of breast cancer. The current study examined the effects of the POSTCARE intervention on patient outcomes and care coordination.METHODSA total of 79 survivors of American Joint Commision on Cancer TNM System stage 0 to IIIB breast cancer were randomized to POSTCARE (40 patients) or usual care (39 patients). Patient outcomes were assessed using the 36‐Item Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36), Social/Role Activities Limitations, Self‐Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6‐Item Scale, the Patient Activation Measure–Short Form, and Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale at baseline and at 3‐month follow‐up. Care coordination was assessed using confirmed primary care physician visits and reported discussion of the survivorship care plan at the 3‐month follow‐up. Logistic and linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the effect of POSTCARE on selected outcomes.RESULTSParticipants in the intervention group versus those receiving usual care demonstrated significantly higher self‐reported health (F‐statistic (3,71), 3.63; P =.017) and lower social role limitations (F (3,70), 3.82; P =.014) and a trend toward greater self‐efficacy (F (3,69), 2.51; P = .07). Three quality‐of‐life domains reached clinically meaningful improvement at the 3‐month follow‐up, including physical role (P =.0009), bodily pain (P =.03), and emotional role (P =.04).CONCLUSIONSThe POSTCARE intervention appeared to have a positive impact on patient outcomes and demonstrated promise as a strategy with which to improve survivors' experience, care coordination, and health outcomes. Cancer 2016;122:3232–42. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Dynamics and Hydrodynamics of Molecular Superrotors
Authors: Steinitz Uri , Khodorkovsky Yuri , Hartmann Jean‐Michel , Averbukh Ilya Sh. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn recent years, several femtosecond laser techniques have been developed that can make gas molecules rotate extremely fast, whereas the gas stays translationally cold. Herein we use molecular‐dynamics simulations to investigate the collisional dynamics of gases of such molecules (“superrotors”). We found that the common route of superrotors to equilibrium is rather generic. It starts with a long‐lasting “gyroscopic stage”, during which the molecules keep their fast rotation and the orientation of their angular momentum despite the many collisions they undergo. The inhibited rotational relaxation is characterized by a persistent anisotropy in the molecular angular distribution, manifested in long‐lasting optical birefringence and in anisotropic diffusion of the gas. Later, the gyroscopic stage is abruptly terminated by a self‐accelerating explosive rotational–translational energy exchange that generates sound and macroscopic vortices with a hot rotating core.
A Molecular‐Level Study of Metamorphosis and Strengthening of Gels by Spontaneous Polymorphic Transitions
Authors: Krishnan Baiju P. , Sureshan Kana M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMany weak gels often undergo spontaneous transformation to form a stronger gel upon aging. Herein, the molecular‐level changes that occur during the transformation of a weak gel into a strong gel are shown by using various time‐dependent techniques. Diol 1 forms a metastable transparent gel (TG) in a mixture of CH2Cl2/hexane and undergoes a fast transition to an opaque gel (OG) accompanied by gradual strengthening of the gel, as evidenced from time‐dependent Tgel and rheology studies. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analyses suggest that these two gels correspond to two different polymorphs. By using FTIR spectroscopy and powder XRD experiments, it is shown that the TG‐containing kinetic polymorph, with weakly hydrogen‐bonded self‐assembly, spontaneously changes into the OG containing a strongly hydrogen‐bonded stable polymorph and this leads to strengthening of the gel and metamorphosis. Time‐dependent IR studies prove the gradual change in hydrogen‐bonding pattern. This is the first molecular‐level study of polymorphic transitions in gels.
Selective Deoxygenation of Biomass‐Derived Bio‐oils within Hydrogen‐Modest Environments: A Review and New Insights
Authors: Rogers Kyle A. , Zheng Ying 
Published: July 2016

AbstractResearch development of processes for refining bio‐oils is becoming increasingly popular. One issue that these processes possess is their high requirement for H2 gas. In response, researchers must develop catalysts that perform deoxygenation while minimizing H2 consumption—selective deoxygenation. Unlike traditional deoxygenation processes, selective deoxygenation reactions and catalysts represent an information gap that, prior to this publication, has yet to be reviewed. This review addresses the gap by providing both a summary of recent research developments and insight into future developments of new catalytic materials. Bifunctional catalysts containing a combination of oxophilicity and an active metal phase appear to be the most beneficial for selective deoxygenation processes in a H2‐modest environment. It is important that catalysts have a supply of disassociated hydrogen, because without such, activity and stability will suffer. The authors recommend to maximize the use of internally available hydrogen in bio‐fuel, which may be the only viable approach for deoxygenation if external H2 gas is limited. This would be possible through the development of catalysts that promote both the water–gas‐shift and deoxygenation reactions.
High‐throughput detection and quantification of mitochondrial fusion through imaging flow cytometry
Authors: Nascimento Aldo , Lannigan Joanne , Kashatus David 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMitochondria are highly dynamic organelles whose fusion and fission play an increasingly important role in a number of both normal and pathological cellular functions. Despite the increased interest in mitochondrial dynamics, robust, and quantitative methods to analyze mitochondrial fusion and fission activity in intact cells have not been developed. The current state‐of‐the art method to measure mitochondrial fusion activity is the polyethylene glycol (PEG) fusion assay in which cells expressing distinct mitochondrially‐targeted fluorescent proteins (FPs) are fused together and mitochondrial fusion activity is determined by the rate at which color mixing occurs. Although this assay is useful, cell–cell fusion events are rare, and finding the number of fused cells required to generate statistically rigorous data is both tedious and time‐consuming. Furthermore, the data‐collection methods available for fluorescence microscopy lead to inherent selection biases that are difficult to control for. To that end, we have developed an unbiased and high‐throughput method to detect, image, and analyze fused cells using the Amnis ImagestreamX™ MKII. With IDEAS™ software, we developed algorithms for identifying the fused cells (two nuclei within a single cell), distinguishing them from cell aggregates. Additionally, using the fluorescence localization of the mitochondrially‐targeted fluorescent proteins (YFP and DsRed), we applied a modified co‐localization algorithm to identify those cells that had a high co‐localization score indicating mitochondrial fusion activity. These algorithms were tested using negative controls (FPs associated with fusion deficient mitochondria) and positive controls (cells expressing both FPs in the same mitochondria). Once validated these algorithms could be applied to test samples to evaluate the degree of mitochondrial fusion in cells with various genetic mutations. Ultimately, this new method is the first robust, high‐throughput way to directly measure mitochondrial fusion in intact cells. Given how many cellular processes are being linked mitochondrial dynamics, this technique will provide a powerful new tool in the study of this important organelle. © 2016 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
In an arid urban matrix, fragment size predicts access to frugivory and rain necessary for plant population persistence
Authors: Ness J. H. , Pfeffer M. , Stark J. , Guest A. , Combs L. J. , Nathan E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCities annex wilderness and alter the interactions between the plant and animal assemblages embedded in the remaining nature fragments. Here, we explore consequences of habitat fragmentation for dispersal of cactus by fruit‐eating mammals in the Sonoran Desert landscape. We use the barrel cactus, Ferocactus wislizeni, as a model system to diagnose (1) how fruit utilization by a mammal assemblage changes with fragment area and isolation, (2) what characteristics make individual plants particularly susceptible to frugivore failure, and (3) how inter‐fragment differences in plant–frugivore interactions influence the seedlings’ susceptibility to other stressors (granivores and drought). We described the type and phenology of plant–animal interactions in 20 fragments along a 0.05–500 ha size continuum within a large city (Tucson, Arizona, USA), and combined allometric scaling models of mammalian home ranges and descriptions of plant size distributions to predict the fraction of the fruit crops accessible to resident mammalian frugivores in each fragment. Fruit removal rates generally increased along a continuum of fragment sizes, and older, taller plants were particularly susceptible to frugivore failure and more likely to have fruits attacked by granivorous rodents. As a result, thresholds where the nature and/or phenology of a plant's interactions with animals changes can be accurately predicted by integrating descriptions of fragment size, fragment isolation, and plant population structure. Last, we found support for the hypothesis that fragmentation‐induced changes in the phenology of fruit removal compromise the seedlings’ ability to exploit precipitation delivered in winter and spring. Specifically, as a result of slower fruit removal, the seed crops in small fragments forfeit access to an increasing proportion of the rains between October and March, which determine whether cactus seedlings can survive the following dry season (April, May, June). We expect these inter‐site differences in the type and phenology of interactions to compromise the integrity of plant populations in smaller fragments, to become increasingly influential in ecological settings in the Sonoran Desert where access to precipitation is essential, and to become increasingly prevalent as the plants in newly fragmented plant populations age (grow) to sizes that are more susceptible to frugivore failure in the defaunated landscapes.
Approaches to stream solute load estimation for solutes with varying dynamics from five diverse small watersheds
Authors: Aulenbach Brent T. , Burns Douglas A. , Shanley James B. , Yanai Ruth D. , Bae Kikang , Wild Adam D. , Yang Yang , Yi Dong 
Published: July 2016

AbstractEstimating streamwater solute loads is a central objective of many water‐quality monitoring and research studies, as loads are used to compare with atmospheric inputs, to infer biogeochemical processes, and to assess whether water quality is improving or degrading. In this study, we evaluate loads and associated errors to determine the best load estimation technique among three methods (a period‐weighted approach, the regression‐model method, and the composite method) based on a solute's concentration dynamics and sampling frequency. We evaluated a broad range of varying concentration dynamics with stream flow and season using four dissolved solutes (sulfate, silica, nitrate, and dissolved organic carbon) at five diverse small watersheds (Sleepers River Research Watershed, VT; Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH; Biscuit Brook Watershed, NY; Panola Mountain Research Watershed, GA; and Río Mameyes Watershed, PR) with fairly high‐frequency sampling during a 10‐ to 11‐yr period. Data sets with three different sampling frequencies were derived from the full data set at each site (weekly plus storm/snowmelt events, weekly, and monthly) and errors in loads were assessed for the study period, annually, and monthly. For solutes that had a moderate to strong concentration–discharge relation, the composite method performed best, unless the autocorrelation of the model residuals was <0.2, in which case the regression‐model method was most appropriate. For solutes that had a nonexistent or weak concentration–discharge relation (model R2 < about 0.3), the period‐weighted approach was most appropriate. The lowest errors in loads were achieved for solutes with the strongest concentration–discharge relations. Sample and regression model diagnostics could be used to approximate overall accuracies and annual precisions. For the period‐weighed approach, errors were lower when the variance in concentrations was lower, the degree of autocorrelation in the concentrations was higher, and sampling frequency was higher. The period‐weighted approach was most sensitive to sampling frequency. For the regression‐model and composite methods, errors were lower when the variance in model residuals was lower. For the composite method, errors were lower when the autocorrelation in the residuals was higher. Guidelines to determine the best load estimation method based on solute concentration–discharge dynamics and diagnostics are presented, and should be applicable to other studies.
Chilling damage to mangrove mollusk species by the 2008 cold event in Southern China
Authors: Liu Yi , Wang Mao , Wang Wenqing , Fu Haifeng , Lu Changyi 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe frequency, duration, and intensity of extreme cold events are widely regarded as primary constraints on the upper latitudinal limits of mangroves. Little data are available on the consequences of recovery (or lack thereof) of non‐floristic components of mangrove ecosystems after a disturbance caused by cold weather. An unusually severe cold wave occurred in southern China in January 2008. The impact of this cold event and the subsequent recovery of mollusks in a Rhizophora stylosa mangrove forest in southern China were evaluated over a 3‐yr study from April 2007 to January 2010. The cold event caused significant mortality of mollusks, which was rapidly followed by an increase in the populations of opportunistic species, and then their subsequent collapse within 6 months. Comparison with data collected in April 2007 (before the cold event) revealed that the density, biomass, and species richness of mollusks decreased by 87.5%, 80.6%, and 56.3%, respectively, except for a transient and compensatory increase in the numbers of benthic mollusks (by 47.5%). Arboreal mollusks were more sensitive to the cold event than benthic species, but both groups showed similar recovery trajectories. After 21 months, the density, biomass, and richness of mollusk species still remained 9.4%, 13.2%, and 26.2% lower than pre‐event. Full recovery took more than 24 months. In comparison to mangrove vegetation, mollusks inhabiting mangroves appeared to be more vulnerable to cold events, but also recovered faster. In conclusion, it took more than 2 yr for the species richness of mollusks to recover from the cold event, and the rate of recovery was slower for the arboreal type.
Declines and extinctions of mountain yellow‐legged frogs have small effects on benthic macroinvertebrate communities
Authors: Smith Thomas C. , Knapp Roland A. , Briggs Cheryl J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSpecies extinctions have the potential to dramatically reshape ecological communities. In the Sierra Nevada mountains of California, the emergence of a lethal amphibian pathogen (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) drives mountain yellow‐legged frog (Rana muscosa and Rana sierrae) populations to local extinction. Prior to population declines, these frogs and their tadpoles were abundant, high‐level predators and grazers with high trophic connectance. To quantify how these low diversity aquatic macroinvertebrate communities respond to nonrandom single‐species local extinctions, we quantified aquatic macroinvertebrate communities using two approaches: a natural experiment (“Resurveys”) and a large‐scale synoptic observational study (“Snapshot” surveys). In the Resurveys, we compared benthic macroinvertebrate communities in 22 Sierra Nevada alpine lakes that we categorized as either having extant frog populations, experiencing ongoing disease‐driven frog declines, or having previously experienced local disease‐driven frog extirpation. In the Resurveys, taxonomic richness was about one taxa (17%) higher in lakes where frogs were declining or extinct, compared to lakes where frogs were extant. However, multivariate analyses revealed no strong dissimilarities among Resurvey communities, and there were no differences in the abundances of individual taxa between lakes in the frogs extant, declining, or extinct categories. In the Snapshot surveys, we reanalyzed previously collected data from a large‐scale survey of 157 lakes with and without frogs. In the Snapshot survey, invertebrate taxonomic richness was less than one taxa (9%) lower in lakes without frogs, and multivariate analyses again indicated only small differences between lakes with and without frogs. Overall, disease‐driven mountain yellow‐legged frog extinctions had small effects on lake benthic macroinvertebrate communities, with no large changes in invertebrate abundance, richness or evenness, no clear secondary extinctions or invasions, and few taxa showing distinct responses to frog extinctions. Our study highlights how even for conspicuous, highly connected, omnivorous taxa that are experiencing large, rapid, and widespread declines and extinctions, the ecological effects of extinctions will sometimes be small and subtle.
Shift in recreational fishing catches as a function of an extreme cold event
Authors: Santos R. O. , Rehage J. S. , Boucek R. , Osborne J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThere is an increasing recognition that the influence of extreme climate events (ECE) can be more significant in structuring ecosystem dynamics than the gradual effects of climate change. Still, our understanding of the effects of climate extremes on ecosystem services such as marine fisheries lags behind those of effects of gradual change. The significance of ECEs depends on the severity of the disturbance event and the resilience of a fish community. South Florida experienced an extreme cold spell in 2010 that provided the opportunity to study recreational fisheries resilience to ECEs. Our main goal was to examine how recreational fishing catch structures responded to the cold spell, and illustrate any spatial‐specific recovery trajectory dynamics after extreme ecological responses. To address this, we implemented multivariate and nonlinear statistics on fishing guide reports for 20 recreational species. A significant shift in the catch structure occurred after the event, suggesting a high sensitivity of fish populations and fisheries in the region to ECEs. All fishing regions considered were affected, but the trajectory of the response and recovery varied across study areas. While some fish species experienced an expected decline (due to mortality), other species manifested an increase in catch. Of the main seven species considered in nonlinear models, three experienced a decline (bonefish, snook, goliath grouper), two experienced an increase (red drum, gray snapper), and the two had various weak trends (tarpon, spotted seatrout). Three years after the event, the catch structure has not returned to the original state, indicating a possible state shift, whose stability needs to be determined in future tracking of affected populations. Future work should also address the extent to which harvest may interfere with resilience to ECEs. Our work highlights the need to account for rare environmental forcing induced by ECEs to ensure the ecological and economical sustainability of key services such as recreational fisheries.
Spatial patterns of alpine phytomass, primary productivity, and related calorific resources
Authors: Pape R. , Löffler J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThere is an obvious need for a better understanding of the drivers of local spatial heterogeneity in alpine phytomass. Facing challenges in scaling relations with data available either at biome‐scale or at plot‐scale we wanted to disentangle the driving forces behind spatial patterns of phytomass, productivity, and energy content in alpine reindeer pastures. Our hypothesis was that we would find a set of environmental variables that explain the patterns of fodder resources, thereafter facilitating a spatial upscaling of plot‐based data to the broad‐scale range of the reindeer pastures. Based on a nested stratified random design, we used univariate and multivariate statistical analyses to relate fodder resources to environmental data along fine‐scaled micro‐topographical gradients which were embedded in broad‐scaled gradients of grazing intensities and climatic conditions throughout Norway. We found that the spatial heterogeneity of resources was not sufficiently explained by our comprehensive set of commonly available environmental variables. This reveals that micro‐spatial patterns of energetic fodder resources for reindeer in alpine landscapes are miscalculated by common approaches and that the functionalities behind these micro‐spatial patterns are not yet fully understood. Hence, our results suggest that broad‐scale models cannot account for the functionality in alpine environments, highlighting that resolution, scale, and the functional context are crucial aspects in understanding broad‐scale resource patterns of reindeer pastures.