bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intégration des personnes d’origine étrangère sur le marché du travail belge
Authors: Bevers Tom , Gilbert Valérie 
Published: January 2017

Cet article reprend quelques éléments clés du Rapport Monitoring socio-économique « Marché du travail et Origine – 2015 ». Ce rapport analyse la position socio-économique des personnes d’origine belge et étrangère via une approche unique qui consiste à appréhender l’origine des personnes via l’intégration, dans le Datawarehouse marché du travail et protection sociale de la Banque Carrefour de la Sécurité Sociale, de données provenant du Registre national, relatives à : la nationalité des individus et de leurs parents (à la naissance et actuelle), l’obtention de la nationalité belge (des individus et de leurs parents) et l’inscription au Registre national. Cet article débute par la description des deux variables inédites utilisées dans le rapport que sont l’origine et l’historique migratoire. Il analyse ensuite la position socio-économique et les caractéristiques de l’emploi des personnes en fonction de leur origine. Et enfin, il formule des recommandations spécifiques au marché du travail. Classification JEL : F22, J61, J71
Emploi temporaire et profits des firmes belges : une approche sectorielle
Authors: Giuliano Romina , Kampelmann Stephan , Mahy Benoît , Rycx François 
Published: January 2017

Cet article étudie l’influence des contrats de travail à durée déterminée (CDD) sur les profits des entreprises suivant une approche sectorielle. À travers un survey de la littérature, il analyse différentes explications de la relation en contextes de concurrence parfaite et imparfaite, suivant lesquelles les profits peuvent être influencés de façon positive comme négative par les CDD. Il présente également les estimations provenant d’une étude économétrique récente relative au secteur privé belge. Cette dernière suggère des résultats contrastés d’un point de vue sectoriel. En effet, il apparaît que les CDD n’ont d’effet significatif (et positif) sur les profits des firmes que dans certains secteurs des services, dont le commerce de gros et de détail, l’Horeca ou encore l’immobilier. Ils rejoignent mutatis mutandis les enseignements tirés d’expériences française et allemande. Classification JEL : J24, J31, J41
La dispersion salariale augmente-t-elle l’absentéisme au sein des firmes ?
Authors: Mahy Benoît , Rycx François , Volral Mélanie 
Published: January 2017

Le but de cet article est de résumer la littérature consacrée à la relation entre la dispersion salariale et l’absentéisme pour raison de maladie. D’un point de vue théorique, selon la théorie des tournois, cette relation pourrait être i) négative, étant donné la hausse de motivation induite par la perspective d’attribution du prix le plus élevé au travailleur le plus productif ou ii) positive, en raison de conditions de travail plus exigeantes que suppose la hausse de productivité en vue d’obtenir le prix. D’autre part, suivant un ensemble de théories basées sur des notions d’équité, cette relation pourrait être i) positive, étant donné la plus faible coopération induite au sein de la main-d’œuvre, ou ii) négative, si la plus grande hétérogénéité salariale est perçue comme une forme de reconnaissance par les travailleurs plus productifs. Nous présentons les quelques rares études qui, à notre connaissance, analysent l’influence de la dispersion salariale sur l’absentéisme, avec une attention particulière portée aux résultats obtenus pour le secteur privé belge. Codes JEL : M52, J31, J28, I19
La responsabilité sociale des entreprises permet-elle aux travailleurs sur-éduqués d’être plus productifs ?
Authors: Giuliano R. , Mahy B. , Rycx F. , Vermeylen G. 
Published: January 2017

Cet article présente une première analyse microéconométrique des effets de comportements socialement responsables des entreprises sur la relation qui peut exister entre sur-éducation et productivité du travail au sein des firmes belges. Nous estimons une équation de productivité en utilisant une importante base de données appariées employeurs-employés en panel portant sur la période 1999-2010. En appliquant la méthode des moments généralisés (GMM), nos estimations montrent tout d’abord que la sur-éducation exerce un impact positif et significatif sur la productivité du travail, rejoignant en cela les enseignements de la théorie du capital humain. Ensuite, elles suggèrent que l’effet de la sur-éducation est renforcé lorsque les firmes adoptent un comportement socialement responsable au sens où elles embauchent des travailleurs (i) ayant un niveau d’éducation effectif correspondant au niveau d’éducation requis et (ii) présentant une diversité en termes de genre et d’âge. Nos résultats montrent donc que la responsabilité sociale de l’entreprise (RSE), au-delà de représenter une approche innovante et proactive pour les parties prenantes de la firme, peut contribuer à un environnement de travail favorable au développement de la productivité du travail en leur sein. Codes JEL : J28, I2, J24, M50
Hylaeus communis(Hymenoptera: Colletidae), a new exotic bee for North America with generalist foraging and habitat preferences
Authors: Martins Kyle T. , Normandin Étienne , Ascher John S. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe document a novel exotic bee for North America,Hylaeus(Hylaeus)communisNylander, 1852 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae), and determine whether it is likely to spread widely across the continent. To evaluate the extent to whichH. communisbehaves as a generalist and would be able to adapt to novel North American environments, we compare the breadth of its climatic, floral, habitat, and nesting preferences between its native European range and sites where it was first discovered in southern Québec, Canada. Specifically, we calculate the paired difference index, which approximates species generalism, from a set of bipartite networks linkingHylaeusFabricius, 1793 species to their respective floral hosts and habitats. Results indicate thatH. communisis the most adaptable bee of the EuropeanHylaeusfauna and will likely acclimate to its new environment, being a greater generalist than an already widely established exotic bee,H. hyalinatusSmith, 1842. In southern Québec, we find that, despite visiting a wide variety of flowering species, it exhibits a strong association with non-native plants and resides almost exclusively in urban settings. We hypothesise thatH. communiswill be able to spread widely throughout North America via multiple human-mediated but accidental dispersal events and by following the distribution of European weeds and horticultural plants.
Elastography-targeted Thyroid Nodule Aspiration: A Novel Approach
Authors: Landau Elliot , Del Re Danielle , Kviatkovsky Bina , Rothstein Aryeh , Scheiner Jonathan , Lin Cheryl 
Published: January 2017

Objectives:
Since 2009, the rate of nondiagnostic (ND) thyroid nodule fine-needle aspiration (FNA) has ranged from 2% to 20%. A ND result can cause further patient morbidity secondary to repeated procedures and delay in diagnosis. The use of real-time strain elastography (RTE) in determining nodule malignant risk has gained considerable focus recently. A less studied area where RTE may prove beneficial is its role in targeting areas for FNA. Our hypothesis is that FNA performed in concurrence with RTE will show a decreased rate of ND results leading to fewer repeated FNA.

Materials and Methods:
The Institutional Review Board approval was obtained. A retrospective review of all thyroid nodule FNA from January 1, 2011, to January 1, 2014, was performed with review of nodule size, presence of microcalcifications, vascularity, solid components, patient age, and gender. Cases were separated based if RTE was done before FNA or not. Pathology reports were reviewed to assess for specimen adequacy. Statistical comparison was performed using SAS analysis software.

Results:
A total of 221 specimens were reviewed, with RTE performed on 140 cases (63.4%). Both groups were similar in demographics and previously described nodule characteristics. The ND rate when RTE was not performed was 16% (13/68) compared to 10% when RTE was performed (14/126). The difference was not found to be statistically significant, P = 0.205.

Conclusions:
The presence of an elastogram failed to demonstrate a significant decrease in ND FNA rates although these results may be secondary to study design. Further evaluation with prospective trials using larger sample size may ultimately detect increased accuracy of RTE-targeted FNA.
Exploring the distance between nitrogen and phosphorus limitation in mesotrophic surface waters using a sensitive bioassay
Authors: Hrustić Enis , Lignell Risto , Riebesell Ulf , Thingstad Tron Frede 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The balance in microbial net consumption of nitrogen and phosphorus was investigated in samples collected in two mesotrophic coastal environments: the Baltic Sea (Tvärminne field station) and the North Sea (Espegrend field station). For this, we have refined a bioassay based on the response in alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) over a matrix of combinations in nitrogen and phosphorus additions. This assay not only provides information on which element (N or P) is the primary limiting nutrient, but also gives a quantitative estimate for the excess of the secondary limiting element (P+ or N+, respectively), as well as the ratio of balanced net consumption of added N and P over short timescales (days). As expected for a Baltic Sea late spring–early summer situation, the Tvärminne assays (n =  5) indicated N limitation with an average P+ =  0.30 ± 0.10 µM-P, when incubated for 4 days. For short incubations (1–2 days), the Espegrend assays indicated P limitation, but the shape of the response surface changed with incubation time, resulting in a drift in parameter estimates toward N limitation. Extrapolating back to zero incubation time gave P limitation with N+ ≈  0.9 µM-N. The N : P ratio (molar) of nutrient net consumption varied considerably between investigated locations: from 2.3 ± 0.4 in the Tvärminne samples to 13 ± 5 and 32 ± 3 in two samples from Espegrend. Our assays included samples from mesocosm acidification experiments, but statistically significant effects of ocean acidification were not found by this method.
Rapid wastage of the Hazen Plateau ice caps, northeastern Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada
Authors: Serreze Mark C. , Raup Bruce , Braun Carsten , Hardy Douglas R. , Bradley Raymond S. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Two pairs of small stagnant ice bodies on the Hazen Plateau of northeastern Ellesmere Island, the St. Patrick Bay ice caps and the Murray and Simmons ice caps, are rapidly shrinking, and the remnants of the St. Patrick Bay ice caps are likely to disappear entirely within the next 5 years. Vertical aerial photographs of these Little Ice Age relics taken during August of 1959 show that the larger of the St. Patrick Bay ice caps had an area of 7.48 km2 and the smaller one 2.93 km2; the Murray and Simmons ice caps covered 4.37 and 7.45 km2 respectively. Outlines determined from ASTER satellite data for July 2016 show that, compared to 1959, the larger and the smaller of the St. Patrick Bay ice caps had both been reduced to only 5 % of their former area, with the Murray and Simmons ice caps faring better at 39 and 25 %, likely reflecting their higher elevation. Consistent with findings from other glaciological studies in the Queen Elizabeth Islands, ASTER imagery in conjunction with past GPS surveys documents a strikingly rapid wastage of the St. Patrick Bay ice caps over the last 15 years. These two ice caps shrank noticeably even between 2014 and 2015, apparently in direct response to the especially warm summer of 2015 over northeastern Ellesmere Island. The well-documented recession patterns of the Hazen Plateau ice caps over the last 55+ years offer an opportunity to examine the processes of plant recolonization of polar landscapes.
A comparison of two Stokes ice sheet models applied to the Marine Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project for plan view models (MISMIP3d)
Authors: Zhang Tong , Price Stephen , Ju Lili , Leng Wei , Brondex Julien , Durand Gaël , Gagliardini Olivier 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. We present a comparison of the numerics and simulation results for two "full" Stokes ice sheet models, FELIX-S (Leng et al. 2012) and Elmer/Ice (Gagliardini et al. 2013). The models are applied to the Marine Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project for plan view models (MISMIP3d). For the diagnostic experiment (P75D) the two models give similar results ( <  2 % difference with respect to along-flow velocities) when using identical geometries and computational meshes, which we interpret as an indication of inherent consistencies and similarities between the two models. For the standard (Stnd), P75S, and P75R prognostic experiments, we find that FELIX-S (Elmer/Ice) grounding lines are relatively more retreated (advanced), results that are consistent with minor differences observed in the diagnostic experiment results and that we show to be due to different choices in the implementation of basal boundary conditions in the two models. While we are not able to argue for the relative favorability of either implementation, we do show that these differences decrease with increasing horizontal (i.e., both along- and across-flow) grid resolution and that grounding-line positions for FELIX-S and Elmer/Ice converge to within the estimated truncation error for Elmer/Ice. Stokes model solutions are often treated as an accuracy metric in model intercomparison experiments, but computational cost may not always allow for the use of model resolution within the regime of asymptotic convergence. In this case, we propose that an alternative estimate for the uncertainty in the grounding-line position is the span of grounding-line positions predicted by multiple Stokes models.
Doorbraakinnovaties en ‘omgekeerde’ technologiebeoordeling: het geval van deeleconomie
Authors: Frenken Koen 
Published: January 2017

Breakthrough innovations and ‘reverse’ technology assessment: the case of sharing economy
This article shows how the municipality of Amsterdam (The Netherlands) has coped with the popularity of home sharing platform Airbnb. In collaboration with Airbnb, the municipality of Amsterdam was the first to come up with regulations for home sharing. However, enforcement of these rules proved difficult without access to user data of the Airbnb platform. In addition, a scientific (statistical) assessment of the effects of homesharing is also difficult without open data. As a result, the legitimacy of the platform has weakened in the eyes of some stakeholders. The article ends with some general reflections how government can cope with sharing economy platform. In particular, it is argued that the right-to-challenge principle may prove hard to apply to sharing platforms.
Participant of databron?
Authors: Meijer Albert , Tomor Zsuzsanna , Michels Ank , Geertman Stan 
Published: January 2017

Participant or data source? Citizens as extension of urban innovative capacity
In the private sector, user innovation is used to develop innovations that better fit the needs of customers. In the public sector, interest for citizen innovation is also on the rise and new information and communication technologies seem to offer a great potential for accessing the power of citizens. At the same time these technologies offer another potential value: they can turn citizens into data sources. This data can offer governments crucial insights and may form the basis for datadriven innovation. Innovating with citizens in both different ways seems to offer great potential for broadly supported issues such as urban sustainability. This article develops a framework for studying these new developments and presents explorative research in three cities (Curitiba, Glasgow en Utrecht). The research shows that cities make different choices in their use of new technologies to innovate with or for citizens.
Waarden borgen, praktijken innoveren
Authors: van Buuren Arwin , Ellen Gerald Jan 
Published: January 2017

Keeping values, innovating practices
In The Netherlands an innovative water safety policy is under development: multi-layered safety. This innovation is a move from a preventive approach (levees) towards a risk approach. Mitigation of consequences for spatial measures and disaster management too are considered in reducing flood risks. The theory of path dependence teaches us that many technical, financial and institutional factors keep the current policy system in its equilibrium. This complicates policy innovations. This article contains a case study that explains how pilots contribute to a process of policy innovation. It concludes that enshrining results in the ‘home organizations’ and synchronizing pilots with running policy processes is essential. The pilots also show that policy renewal concerns a process of ‘muddling through intelligently’.
Toenemende publieke steun voor meer eigen verantwoordelijkheid in de zorg?
Authors: Verbakel Ellen 
Published: January 2017

Growing public support for more self-responsibility in social care?
The Dutch government aims at a participatory society, for example by striving for a larger amount of self-responsibility in providing social care, since the introduction of the Societal Support Law (in Dutch called ‘Wet maatschappelijke ondersteuning’ or in short Wmo). Does public opinion in the Netherlands reflect this change of mentality? This article investigates (a) how far public opinion on responsibility for social care for the elderly has changed between 2003 and 2010, (b) which factors explain why some people put most responsibility on the government and others on the family and (c) which factors explain intra-individual changes of attitude. This research has used survey data from the Netherlands Kinship Panel Study (2003, 2006/07, 2010). A shift in public opinion appears to have taken place in line with government policy: less responsibility for the government and more for the family. However, a majority of the Dutch population still puts most responsibility on the government. Attitudes appear to be connected with normative motives rather than with utilitarian motives. Intra-individual changes in attitudes in the direction of less government responsibility are mainly explained by normative factors and not by factors related to self-interest.
Stedelijke ontwikkeling als een emergente adaptieve strategie
Authors: Verheul Wouter Jan , Daamen Tom 
Published: January 2017

Urban development as an emergent adaptive strategy
While the belief in a socially engineered society has been renounced to a large extent, in cities actors continue to struggle with the question how their plans can be steered on goal achievement. This article addresses a steering philosophy that is based on an emergent adaptive urban development process. This means that urban strategies adapt during the process by connecting to initiatives from the market and civil society. The central question of this article is how specific projects are ‘made’ in accordance with the intentions of the actors involved and how these projects are connected to larger policy stories for the city. In this article perspectives are explored that have replaced the old thinking in terms of ‘social engineering’. On the basis of two case studies in the Netherlands (Brainport Eindhoven and Mainport Rotterdam) an emergent adaptive strategy is explored as a perspective for action. This perspective is not only about ‘social engineering’, but also about ‘social connecting’. An emergent adaptive strategy is not designed on the drawing table, but it emerges during the practice of project development out of an attitude that is conscious of the environment, connective and reflective.
De screening van ministers (en staatssecretarissen) in het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden: ‘to screen or not to screen, that is the question …’
Authors: Murray M.F. 
Published: January 2017

De screening van ministers (en staatssecretarissen) in het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden: ‘to screen or not to screen, that is the question …’
Voorafgaand aan de benoeming van ministers (en staatssecretarissen in Nederland) van de landen in het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden vindt er een toetsing van de benoembaarheid plaats. Deze toetsing, ook wel aangeduid als screening, is in de afzonderlijke landen verschillend geregeld. De auteur bespreekt de overeenkomsten en verschillen van de screening die allen als doel hebben de integriteit van het bestuur in het Koninkrijk te waarborgen. De revue passeren aldus de wijze van benoeming van ministers, de vastlegging van de toetsing (variërend van een schrijven van de minister-president aan de Tweede Kamer tot een wet in formele zin in Curacao en Sint Maarten), de legaliteit van de verschillende regelingen maar ook de feitelijk uit te voeren onderzoeken en daaraan te verbinden conclusies. Afgesloten wordt met een aanbeveling tot uniformering van de screening in het Koninkrijk.
De Curaçaose zbo
Authors: Sybesma J. 
Published: January 2017

De Curaçaose zbo
De bestuurlijke organisatie van de Curaçaose overheid kent naast de klassieke bestuursorganen, als de raad van ministers en de individuele minister, ook entiteiten die op afstand zijn geplaatst, zoals overheidsnv’s en overheidsstichtingen. Daarnaast kent de Staatsregeling van Curaçao sedert 2004 ook nog de mogelijkheid om openbare lichamen en zelfstandige bestuursorganen in te stellen. Vooral van deze laatste bestuursvorm, de zbo, wordt door de wetgever van Curaçao de laatste tijd veel gebruikgemaakt. In dit artikel wordt antwoord gegeven op wat precies een Curaçaose zbo is, waarbij nader wordt ingegaan op de diverse publiekrechtelijke entiteiten die lang voor 2004 werden ingesteld. Tevens komen aan de orde de bevoegdheden en verplichtingen die een zbo kent. Een en ander toegelicht aan de hand van een praktijkvoorbeeld, namelijk de Centrale Bank van Curaçao en Sint Maarten.
The Right to Mental Health in the Digital Era
Authors: Kokabisaghi Fatemeh , Bakx Iris , Zenelaj Blerta 
Published: January 2017

The Right to Mental Health in the Digital Era
People with mental illness usually experience higher rates of disability and mortality. Often, health care systems do not adequately respond to the burden of mental disorders worldwide. The number of health care providers dealing with mental health care is insufficient in many countries. Equal access to necessary health services should be granted to mentally ill people without any discrimination. E-mental health is expected to enhance the quality of care as well as accessibility, availability and affordability of services. This paper examines under what conditions e-mental health can contribute to realising the right to health by using the availability, accessibility, acceptability and quality (AAAQ) framework that is developed by the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Research shows e-mental health facilitates dissemination of information, remote consultation and patient monitoring and might increase access to mental health care. Furthermore, patient participation might increase, and stigma and discrimination might be reduced by the use of e-mental health. However, e-mental health might not increase the access to health care for everyone, such as the digitally illiterate or those who do not have access to the Internet. The affordability of this service, when it is not covered by insurance, can be a barrier to access to this service. In addition, not all e-mental health services are acceptable and of good quality. Policy makers should adopt new legal policies to respond to the present and future developments of modern technologies in health, as well as e-Mental health. To analyse the impact of e-mental health on the right to health, additional research is necessary.