bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ferrocenyl Ionic Compounds Based on 5‐Ferrocenyl‐1H‐tetrazole. Synthesis, Characterization, Migration, and Catalytic Effects During Combustion
Authors: Gao Xiaoni , An Ting , Li Jizhen , Zhao Fengqi , Fan Xuezhong , Li Xinyan , Zhang Guofang , Gao Ziwei 
Published: December 2015

AbstractFerrocenyl ionic compounds, consisting of the 5‐ferrocenyltetrazolate anion and a guanidinium or a 1‐alkyl‐3‐methylimidazolium cation, were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and UV/Vis spectroscopy, as well as elementary analysis. The molecular structures of four compounds were additionally confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Results of the TG and DSC analyses showed that some compounds display high thermal stability. Cyclic voltammetry investigations suggested that the compounds exhibit redox waves for the ferrocenyl groups and are considered as irreversible redox systems. Migration studies revealed that migration trends of the compounds are much lower than that of 2, 2‐bis(ethylferrocenyl)propane (Catocene), extensively used in composite solid propellants. Their catalytic performances for thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP), 1, 3,5‐trinitro‐1, 3,5‐triazacyclohexane (RDX), and 1, 2,5, 7‐tetranitro‐1, 3,5, 7‐tetraazacyclooctane (HMX) were evaluated by DSC and/or TG techniques. Most of the compounds exhibit high catalytic efficiency in the thermal degradation of AP and RDX. Those of the guanidine‐containing compounds 1–3 are better, implying that nitrogen‐rich moieties are beneficial to enhancing released heats of some energetic materials. These guanidine salts could be used as ferrocene‐based burning rate catalyst candidates in composite solid propellants.
Evidence for action on improving the maternal and newborn health workforce: The basis for quality care
Authors: Campbell Jim , Sochas Laura , Cometto Giorgio , Matthews Zoë 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAmbitious new goals to end preventable maternal and newborn deaths will not only require increased coverage but also improved quality of care. Unfortunately, current levels of quality in the delivery of maternal and newborn care are low in high‐burden countries, for reasons that are intimately linked with inadequate planning and management of the maternal and newborn health workforce. The Global Strategy on Human Resources for Health is a key opportunity to strengthen global and country‐level accountability frameworks for the health workforce and its capacity to deliver quality care. In order to succeed, maternal and newborn health specialists must embrace this strategy and its linkages with the new Global Strategy for Women's, Children's, and Adolescents’ Health; action is needed across high‐ and low‐income countries; and any accountability framework must be underpinned by ambitious, measurable indicators and strengthened data collection on human resources for health.
Constructing new global models of social security: How international organizations defined the field of social cash transfers in the 2000s
Authors: VON GLISZCZYNSKI MORITZ , LEISERING LUTZ 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSocial cash transfers to the poor have mushroomed in countries of the global South and on global agendas since the 2000s. Around 2000, there was no clear picture if social cash transfers would make it to global agendas. By the end of the 2000s, a repertoire of four models of social cash transfers had been codified by international organizations. Based on an in-depth analysis of all major documents by international organizations and applying a model of ideational change in global arenas, we trace the trajectories of the four models: who developed the models during the 2000s, how were they constructed, and what forces propelled the process? We find that the process was driven by an extension of the domains of international organizations (‘socialization of global politics’) and by an opening of global discourses and development policies to ‘social’ concerns. But organizational domains and global discourses, especially on development, also constrained the concept of social cash transfers, reducing it to four models that reflect a fragmented and incomplete universalism. We conclude that global social policy, conceived as ‘socialization of global politics’, is not a simple ‘uploading’ of ‘social’ ideas from European traditions, but an active process of social construction in global arenas.
Coenzyme Q10:A Review of Its Promise as a Neuroprotectant
Authors: Young A. Joyce , Johnson Stephanie , Steffens David C. , Doraiswamy P. Murali 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTCoenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a powerful antioxidant that buffers the potential adverse consequences of free radicals produced during oxidative phosphorylation in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Oxidative stress, resulting in glutathione loss and oxidative DNA and protein damage, has been implicated in many neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. Experimental studies in animal models suggest that CoQ10 may protect against neuronal damage that is produced by ischemia, atherosclerosis and toxic injury. Though most have tended to be pilot studies, there are published preliminary clinical trials showing that CoQ10 may offer promise in many brain disorders. For example, a 16-month randomized, placebo-controlled pilot trial in 80 subjects with mild Parkinson's disease found significant benefits for oral CoQ10 1,200 mg/day to slow functional deterioration. However, to date, there are no published clinical trials of CoQ10 in Alzheimer's disease. Available data suggests that oral CoQ10 seems to be relatively safe and tolerated across the range of 300–2,400 mg/day. Randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm CoQ10's safety and promise as a clinically effective neuroprotectant.
Darstellung und Bewertung neuropsychologischer Therapieverfahren am Beispiel PC-gestützter Trainingsprogramme – ein Projekt des Arbeitskreises Aufmerksamkeit und Gedächtnis der GNP
Authors: Wilbertz Alfred , Heinemann Dörthe , Fimm Bruno , Geiger-Riess Mirijam , Günther Thomas , Schächtele Beate , Schellig Dieter , Schuri Uwe 
Published: December 2015

Zusammenfassung. Die Mehrzahl PC-gestützter Trainingsprogramme erhebt den Anspruch einer theoriegeleiteten Konzeption und weckt entsprechend hohe Erwartungen. Wissenschaftliche Wirksamkeitsnachweise existieren nur für wenige Verfahren. Der Arbeitskreis Aufmerksamkeit & Gedächtnis der GNP präsentiert hier die Struktur einer Programmrezension, die eine übersichtliche Zusammenfassung und transparente Bewertung von Trainingsprogrammen unter Bezug auf insgesamt 20 neuropsychologische, technische und pragmatische Kriterien erlaubt. Schließlich beschreiben wir den Aufbau eines Manuals, das für alle Kriterien die qualitäts-bestimmenden Programmeigenschaften spezifiziert und durch die Erstellung einer Rezension führt; das komplette Manual ist in diesem Heft abgedruckt. Die mit dieser Zeitschrift begonnene Veröffentlichung von Beispielrezensionen wird in loser Folge fortgesetzt.
The allometry of the smallest: superlinear scaling of microbial metabolic rates in the Atlantic Ocean
Authors: García Francisca C , García-Martín Enma Elena , Taboada Fernando González , Sal Sofía , Serret Pablo , López-Urrutia Ángel 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Prokaryotic planktonic organisms are small in size but largely relevant in marine biogeochemical cycles. Due to their reduced size range (0.2 to 1 μm in diameter), the effects of cell size on their metabolism have been hardly considered and are usually not examined in field studies. Here, we show the results of size-fractionated experiments of marine microbial respiration rate along a latitudinal transect in the Atlantic Ocean. The scaling exponents obtained from the power relationship between respiration rate and size were significantly higher than one. This superlinearity was ubiquitous across the latitudinal transect but its value was not universal revealing a strong albeit heterogeneous effect of cell size on microbial metabolism. Our results suggest that the latitudinal differences observed are the combined result of changes in cell size and composition between functional groups within prokaryotes. Communities where the largest size fraction was dominated by prokaryotic cyanobacteria, especially Prochlorococcus, have lower allometric exponents. We hypothesize that these larger, more complex prokaryotes fall close to the evolutionary transition between prokaryotes and protists, in a range where surface area starts to constrain metabolism and, hence, are expected to follow a scaling closer to linearity.
Concurrent BMP7 and FGF9 signalling governs AP-1 function to promote self-renewal of nephron progenitor cells
Authors: Muthukrishnan Sree Deepthi , Yang Xuehui , Friesel Robert , Oxburgh Leif 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSelf-renewal of nephron progenitor cells (NPCs) is governed by BMP, FGF and WNT signalling. Mechanisms underlying cross-talk between these pathways at the molecular level are largely unknown. Here we delineate the pathway through which the proliferative BMP7 signal is transduced in NPCs in the mouse. BMP7 activates the MAPKs TAK1 and JNK to phosphorylate the transcription factor JUN, which in turn governs transcription of AP-1-element containing G1-phase cell cycle regulators such as Myc and Ccnd1 to promote NPC proliferation. Conditional inactivation of Tak1 or Jun in cap mesenchyme causes identical phenotypes characterized by premature depletion of NPCs. While JUN is regulated by BMP7, we find that its partner FOS is regulated by FGF9. We demonstrate that BMP7 and FGF9 coordinately regulate AP-1 transcription to promote G1-S cell cycle progression and NPC proliferation. Our findings identify a molecular mechanism explaining the important cooperation between two major NPC self-renewal pathways.
A highly reversible room-temperature lithium metal battery based on crosslinked hairy nanoparticles
Authors: Choudhury Snehashis , Mangal Rahul , Agrawal Akanksha , Archer Lynden A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractRough electrodeposition, uncontrolled parasitic side-reactions with electrolytes and dendrite-induced short-circuits have hindered development of advanced energy storage technologies based on metallic lithium, sodium and aluminium electrodes. Solid polymer electrolytes and nanoparticle-polymer composites have shown promise as candidates to suppress lithium dendrite growth, but the challenge of simultaneously maintaining high mechanical strength and high ionic conductivity at room temperature has so far been unmet in these materials. Here we report a facile and scalable method of fabricating tough, freestanding membranes that combine the best attributes of solid polymers, nanocomposites and gel-polymer electrolytes. Hairy nanoparticles are employed as multifunctional nodes for polymer crosslinking, which produces mechanically robust membranes that are exceptionally effective in inhibiting dendrite growth in a lithium metal battery. The membranes are also reported to enable stable cycling of lithium batteries paired with conventional intercalating cathodes. Our findings appear to provide an important step towards room-temperature dendrite-free batteries.
Clinical correlation between HBV infection and concomitant bacterial infections
Authors: Li Wei , Jin Ronghua , Chen Peng , Zhao Guoxian , Li Ning , Wu Hao 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBacterial infections are common in patients suffering viral hepatitis and critical for prognosis. However, any correlation between HBV and concomitant bacterial infections is not well characterized. A retrospective study was conducted from Jan 2012 to Jan 2014 on 1333 hospitalized patients infected with bacteria. Among them, 491 HBV-infected patients were co-infected with E. coli (268), S. aureus (61), P. aeruginosa (64) or K. pneumoniae (98). A group of 300 complication-free chronically HBV-infected patients were controls. We found that HBV DNA levels were elevated in patients with each of the bacterial infections (all P < 0.05). ALT and HBeAg were strong determinants of high HBV DNA concentration. Patterns of determinants varied in infections by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Patients with HBV DNA ≥ 2000 IU/mL had higher rates of all four concomitant bacterial infections (all P < 0.001). All types of strains isolated from HBV-positive patients showed less resistance to tested antimicrobials. The HBV DNA serum concentrations were inversely correlated to the number of ineffective antimicrobials in E. coli, P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae infections (P = 0.022, 0.017 and 0.016, respectively), but not S. aureus (P = 0.194). In conclusion, bacterial infections are associated with a high level of HBV replication, which, in turn, has a significant positive impact on bacterial resistance to antimicrobials. These correlations vary between Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
Spectra of weighted scale-free networks
Authors: Zhang Zhongzhi , Guo Xiaoye , Yi Yuhao 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMuch information about the structure and dynamics of a network is encoded in the eigenvalues of its transition matrix. In this paper, we present a first study on the transition matrix of a family of weight driven networks, whose degree, strength and edge weight obey power-law distributions, as observed in diverse real networks. We analytically obtain all the eigenvalues, as well as their multiplicities. We then apply the obtained eigenvalues to derive a closed-form expression for the random target access time for biased random walks occurring on the studied weighted networks. Moreover, using the connection between the eigenvalues of the transition matrix of a network and its weighted spanning trees, we validate the obtained eigenvalues and their multiplicities. We show that the power-law weight distribution has a strong effect on the behavior of random walks.
Theoretical assessment of feasibility to sequence DNA through interlayer electronic tunneling transport at aligned nanopores in bilayer graphene
Authors: Prasongkit Jariyanee , Feliciano Gustavo T. , Rocha Alexandre R. , He Yuhui , Osotchan Tanakorn , Ahuja Rajeev , Scheicher Ralph H. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractFast, cost effective, single-shot DNA sequencing could be the prelude of a new era in genetics. As DNA encodes the information for the production of proteins in all known living beings on Earth, determining the nucleobase sequences is the first and necessary step in that direction. Graphene-based nanopore devices hold great promise for next-generation DNA sequencing. In this work, we develop a novel approach for sequencing DNA using bilayer graphene to read the interlayer conductance through the layers in the presence of target nucleobases. Classical molecular dynamics simulations of DNA translocation through the pore were performed to trace the nucleobase trajectories and evaluate the interaction between the nucleobases and the nanopore. This interaction stabilizes the bases in different orientations, resulting in smaller fluctuations of the nucleobases inside the pore. We assessed the performance of a bilayer graphene nanopore setup for the purpose of DNA sequencing by employing density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green’s function method to investigate the interlayer conductance of nucleobases coupling simultaneously to the top and bottom graphene layers. The obtained conductance is significantly affected by the presence of DNA in the bilayer graphene nanopore, allowing us to analyze DNA sequences.
Improving Protein Fold Recognition by Deep Learning Networks
Authors: Jo Taeho , Hou Jie , Eickholt Jesse , Cheng Jianlin 
Published: December 2015

AbstractFor accurate recognition of protein folds, a deep learning network method (DN-Fold) was developed to predict if a given query-template protein pair belongs to the same structural fold. The input used stemmed from the protein sequence and structural features extracted from the protein pair. We evaluated the performance of DN-Fold along with 18 different methods on Lindahl’s benchmark dataset and on a large benchmark set extracted from SCOP 1.75 consisting of about one million protein pairs, at three different levels of fold recognition (i.e., protein family, superfamily and fold) depending on the evolutionary distance between protein sequences. The correct recognition rate of ensembled DN-Fold for Top 1 predictions is 84.5%, 61.5% and 33.6% and for Top 5 is 91.2%, 76.5% and 60.7% at family, superfamily and fold levels, respectively. We also evaluated the performance of single DN-Fold (DN-FoldS), which showed the comparable results at the level of family and superfamily, compared to ensemble DN-Fold. Finally, we extended the binary classification problem of fold recognition to real-value regression task, which also show a promising performance. DN-Fold is freely available through a web server at http://iris.rnet.missouri.edu/dnfold.
The genome sequence of Sea-Island cotton (Gossypium barbadense) provides insights into the allopolyploidization and development of superior spinnable fibres
Authors: Yuan Daojun , Tang Zhonghui , Wang Maojun , Gao Wenhui , Tu Lili , Jin Xin , Chen Lingling , He Yonghui , Zhang Lin , Zhu Longfu , Li Yang , Liang Qiqi , Lin Zhongxu , Yang Xiyan , Liu Nian , Jin Shuangxia , Lei Yang , Ding Yuanhao , Li Guoliang , Ruan Xiaoan , Ruan Yijun , Zhang Xianlong 
Published: December 2015

AbstractGossypium hirsutumcontributes the most production of cotton fibre, butG. barbadenseis valued for its better comprehensive resistance and superior fibre properties. However, the allotetraploid genome ofG. barbadensehas not been comprehensively analysed. Here we present a high-quality assembly of the 2.57 gigabase genome ofG. barbadense, including 80,876 protein-coding genes. The double-sized genome of the A (or At) (1.50 Gb) against D (or Dt) (853 Mb) primarily resulted from the expansion of Gypsy elements, including Peabody and Retrosat2 subclades in the Del clade and the Athila subclade in the Athila/Tat clade. Substantial gene expansion and contraction were observed and rich homoeologous gene pairs with biased expression patterns were identified, suggesting abundant gene sub-functionalization occurred by allopolyploidization. More specifically, theCesAgene family has adapted differentially temporal expression patterns, suggesting an integrated regulatory mechanism ofCesAgenes from At and Dt subgenomes for the primary and secondary cellulose biosynthesis of cotton fibre in a “relay race”-like fashion. We anticipate that theG. barbadensegenome sequence will advance our understanding the mechanism of genome polyploidization and underpin genome-wide comparison research in this genus.
Programmable thermal emissivity structures based on bioinspired self-shape materials
Authors: Athanasopoulos N. , Siakavellas N. J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractProgrammable thermal emissivity structures based on the bioinspired self-shape anisotropic materials were developed at macro-scale and further studied theoretically at smaller scale. We study a novel concept, incorporating materials that are capable of transforming their shape via microstructural rearrangements under temperature stimuli, while avoiding the use of exotic shape memory materials or complex micro-mechanisms. Thus, programmed thermal emissivity behaviour of a surface is achievable. The self-shape structure reacts according to the temperature of the surrounding environment or the radiative heat flux. A surface which incorporates self-shape structures can be designed to quickly absorb radiative heat energy at low temperature levels, but is simultaneously capable of passively controlling its maximum temperature in order to prevent overheating. It resembles a “game” of colours, where two or more materials coexist with different values of thermal emissivity/ absorptivity/ reflectivity. The transformation of the structure conceals or reveals one of the materials, creating a surface with programmable – and therefore, variable- effective thermal emissivity. Variable thermal emissivity surfaces may be developed with a total hemispherical emissivity ratio (εEff_H/εEff_L) equal to 28.
Cyclosporine A protects podocytes by regulating WAVE1 phosphorylation
Authors: Li Xuejuan , Ding Fangrui , Wang Suxia , Li Baihong , Ding Jie 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAccumulating evidence suggests that podocytes are direct targets of many classic antiproteinuric drugs. The immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine A (CsA), which is a calcineurin inhibitor, is used to treat proteinuric kidney diseases. One novel mechanism by which CsA reduces proteinuria is by directly stabilizing the podocyte cytoskeleton. Previous studies showed that calcineurin can directly regulate WAVE1 within mouse striatal slices. In this study, WAVE1 was expressed in podocytes and was localized in the podocyte cell bodies and foot processes (FPs). WAVE1 expression increased in bothin vivoandin vitromodels of puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-induced podocyte injury. CsA restored WAVE1 expression and also partially rescued the disordered F-actin arrangement after PAN injury. Co-immunoprecipitation assays showed that calcineurin directly interacted with WAVE1 and regulated WAVE1 phosphorylation in podocytes. Synaptopodin is a well-characterized target of CsA. WAVE1 overexpression and synaptopodin knockdown experiments directly demonstrated that WAVE1 expression is not dependent on synaptopodin expression and vice versa. Overexpression of WAVE1 using a WAVE1 plasmid disrupted F-actin structure and promoted podocyte migration compared with the empty vector group. Therefore, WAVE1 may be a novel molecular target for the maintenance of podocyte FPs and for antiproteinuric treatment in the future.
SerpinB3 and Yap Interplay Increases Myc Oncogenic Activity
Authors: Turato Cristian , Cannito Stefania , Simonato Davide , Villano Gianmarco , Morello Elisabetta , Terrin Liliana , Quarta Santina , Biasiolo Alessandra , Ruvoletto Mariagrazia , Martini Andrea , Fasolato Silvano , Zanus Giacomo , Cillo Umberto , Gatta Angelo , Parola Maurizio , Pontisso Patrizia 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSerpinB3 has been recently described as an early marker of liver carcinogenesis, but the potential mechanistic role of this serpin in tumor development is still poorly understood. Overexpression of Myc often correlates with more aggressive tumour forms, supporting its involvement in carcinogenesis. Yes-associated protein (Yap), the main effector of the Hippo pathway, is a central regulator of proliferation and it has been found up-regulated in hepatocellular carcinomas. The study has been designed to investigate and characterize the interplay and functional modulation of Myc by SerpinB3 in liver cancer. Results from this study indicate that Myc was up-regulated by SerpinB3 through calpain and Hippo-dependent molecular mechanisms in transgenic mice and hepatoma cells overexpressing human SerpinB3 and also in human hepatocellular carcinomas. Human recombinant SerpinB3 was capable to inhibit the activity of Calpain in vitro, likely reducing its ability to cleave Myc in its non oncogenic Myc-nick cytoplasmic form. SerpinB3 indirectly increased the transcription of Myc through the induction of Yap pathway. These findings provide for the first time evidence that SerpinB3 can improve the production of Myc through direct and indirect mechanisms that include the inhibition of generation of its cytoplasmic form and the activation of Yap pathway.