bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RESPONSE OF SUB1 INTROGRESSION LINES OF RICE TO VARIOUS FLOODING CONDITIONS
Authors: Nugraha Yudhistira , Vergara Georgiana V. , Mackill David J. , Ismail Abdel Bagi 
Published: August 2016

Two types of floods can be happen in rice crops, i.e. flash floods and stagnant floods. Flash floods cause complete submergence for up to 2 weeks, while stagnant floods (SF) could partially submerge part of rice plant. To overcome yield loss due to the floods, introgression of SUB1 gene, known as a gene suppressing cell elongation and carbohydrate metabolism, to rice genotype can increase plant tolerance to complete submergence for 10 days or more. The study aimed to evaluate the response of 18 rice genotypes, including the recently developed sixth pair SUB1 near isogenic lines (NILs) of mega-rice varieties (Swarna, Sambha Mahsuri, IR64, TDK1, BR11, and CR1009), to various flooding conditions. The rice genotypes were planted at field ponds at Los Banos, Philippines, in the wet season (WS) of 2009. The treatments were 15 days submergence, SF, SF follows submergence and normal conditions. Each treatment was arranged in completely randomized block design with three<br />replications. The results showed that the SUB1 introgression rice lines had higher survival compared to the non-SUB1 and did not much elongate their shoots during submergence. Nevertheless, under SF the rice genotypes should elongates their shoots to allow restoring contact with the air. SF and SF follows submergence decreased the panicle number, grain<br />number per panicle and panicle fertility. Consequently, the yield declined. It suggests that sensitive genotypes are mostly sourcelimited during grain filling. The SUB1 introgression lines had higher chlorophyll concentration and less depletion in soluble sugar and starch after submergence. Under SF, soluble sugar and starch contents between the SUB1 NILs and non-SUB1 lines were not significantly different. Introgression of the SUB1 into high-yielding varieties improved submergence tolerance without affecting yield potential. The study indicates that introgression of the SUB1 into taller type rice varieties should be done to compensate the effect of suppressed elongation. <br />
GENETIC DIVERSITY OF S3 MAIZE GENOTYPES RESISTANT TO DOWNY MILDEW BASED ON SSR MARKERS
Authors: Muis Amran , Nonci Nurnina , Pabendon Marcia B. 
Published: August 2016

The compulsory requirement for releasing new high yielding maize varieties is resistance to downy mildew. The study aimed to determine the level of homozygosity, genetic diversity, and genetic distance of 30 S3 genotypes of maize. Number of primers to be used were 30 polymorphic SSR loci which are distributed over the entire maize genomes. The S3 genotypes used were resistant to downy mildew with homozygosity level of &gt;80%, genetic distance between the test and tester strains &gt;0.7, and anthesis silking interval (ASI) between inbred lines and tester lines was maximum 3 days. The results showed that 30 SSR primers used were spread evenly across the maize genomes which were manifested in the representation of SSR loci on each chromosome of a total of 10 chromosomes. The levels of polymorphism ranged from 0.13 to 0.78, an average of 0.51, and the number of alleles ranged from 2 to 8 alleles per SSR locus, an average of 4 alleles per SSR locus. The size of nucleotides in each locus also varied from 70 to 553 bp. Cophenetic correlation value (r) at 0.67 indicated that the Unweighted Pair-Group Method Using Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA) was less reliable for differentiating genotypes in five groups. Of the total of 30 genotypes analyzed, 17 genotypes had homozygosity level of &gt;80% so it can be included in the hybrid assembly program.
Several criminal, phenomenological and etiological features of criminal offences of counterfeiting money in Kosovo
Authors: Krasniqi MSc. Milot 
Published: August 2016

The Republic of Kosovo is making efforts as a young state to strengthen rule of law and efficiently combat criminality in general, and specifically organized crime, as a condition for its journey towards European integration perspectives. For a normal functioning of the economic system, the safety and protection of controlled circulation of money are of vital importance. In this direction, the state takes actions and measures to ensure that manufacturing and emissions of banknotes and bonds are undertaken by competent authorities, such as the Central Bank, and render impossible the counterfeiting of money. In Kosovo, money counterfeiting is not widely studied. Consequently, there are no recent research papers over the time when these offences have marked rather high records. This circumstance, and especially the fact that these offences are rather frequent in Kosovo, made me enter the research of this type of criminality. Apart from principles and rules stipulated by special laws of the field of economy, protection of the economic system is also helped by the Criminal Code, which incriminates the act of counterfeit money as a criminal offence against the economic system, thereby ensuring general prevention of potential offenders, and repressive measures against confirmed offenders. Protection of economic and monetary systems is also provided upon by numerous international acts. The paper is permeated by conclusions, analysis and independent recommendations, which I believe will contribute de lege ferrenda to criminal policies in preventing and combating this type of crime. In researching the criminal offences of counterfeiting money, I have used the method of historical materialism, dogmatic law method, statistical methods, surveys and interviews, and studies of individual cases. From the research of this type of crime, I have concluded that these criminal offences are a serious type of crime, which may result in major individual, family and social consequences. Nevertheless, these crimes are found in all societies, including Kosovo.
The Rights and Obligations of Spouses in Islamic Classic Law
Authors: Lamçe Dr.Sc. Juelda 
Published: August 2016

Islamic Law, the third largest global legal system, next to Civil Law and Common Law, has been far -back subject of an increased interest to the academics. Its main peculiarity is the absorption of theology in the law. There is no clear borderline between juridical and religious regulation. For this reason it is important to understand how certain legal institutes where regulated in the past. In fact, Islamic classic law despite its later evolution is considered the most authoritative legal source, because closest to the Divine Revelation.With regard to the rights and obligations of spouses, they’re conceived in terms of complementary, while their equality is interpreted in terms of moral and spiritual rights and obligations. In order to better comprehend their rights and obligations, it is necessary to analyze the different roles of gender inside the Islamic family.Given the premises, this paper will focus on specific rights and obligations between spouses and with regard to the child-parent relationship. In particular, it will treat the meaning of the supremacy or authority of the man to the woman; the rights and obligations that they have towards the children born in and out of wedlock; the questions on the practice of the polygyny.
Experimental Investigation on the Effects of Flow Resistance on the Fracturing Fluids Imbibition into Gas Shale
Authors: Yang Liu , Liu Dunqing , Ge Hongkui , Shen Yinghao , Li Caoxiong , Zhang Kunheng 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Less than half of the injected fracturing fluid in gas shale is often recovered and in many cases the flowback efficiency is &lt;20%, which relates to potential productivity hindrance. Some have suggested that the water migration in the neighborhood of fractures induced by spontaneous imbibition contributes to auto-removal mechanism of water damage. However, water imbibition into fractured shale reservoirs is a physic-chemical and multiscale flow process, which is significantly different from conventional reservoirs. Therefore, we systematically characterize the samples by measuring the porosity, permeability, wetting angle and mineral composition. Comparative imbibition experiments are performed on 18 binary core plugs from typical formations of China's basin (i.e., Ordos Basin, Songliao Basin and Sichuan Basin). The preliminary result shows that Handy imbibition model has an evident deviation in predicting the shale imbibition experiment result, which is significantly overestimated. This disagreement can be explained by strong fluid-wall interactions in micron-nano pores. In addition to the widely believed capillary driving forces and viscous forces, the overall resistance of fluid-wall interactions have an important impact on water migration, which could reduce the imbibition rate in gas shale. A critical aperture Dc of about 36~100nm exits, which can be used to address the effects of fluid-wall interactions. The matrix blocks with average pore size of &gt; Dc tend to produce minor resistance effects of fluid-wall interaction on imbibition rate. Handy model can provide a good match with experimental imbibition in micro-fractures or macropores; in the contrary, the matrix blocks with average pore size of &lt;Dc tend to exert significant resistance effects of fluid-wall interaction on imbibition rate. Handy model reproduce the global trend of variation, which has been inadequate. The results of our study are more valuable for the comprehension of auto-removal water damage process and optimization of flowback time after fracturing operations in gas shale.
Robust Reflection Detection and Removal in Rainy Conditions using LAB and HSV Color Spaces
Authors: Ha Synh Viet-Uyen , Pham Nhan Thanh , Pham Long Hoang , Tran Ha Manh 
Published: August 2016

In the field of traffic monitoring systems, shadows are the main causes of errors in computer vision-based vehicle detection and classification. A great number of research have been carried out to detect and remove shadows. However, these research works only focused on solving shadow problems in daytime traffic scenes. Up to now, far too little attention has been paid to the problem caused by vehicles’ reflections in rainy conditions. Unlike shadows in the daytime, which are homogeneous gray shades, reflection shadows are inhomogeneous regions of different colors. This characteristic makes reflections harder to detect and remove. Therefore, in this paper, we aim to develop a reflection detection and removal method from single images or video. Reflections are detected by determining a combination of L and B channels from LAB color space and H channel from HSV color space. The reflection removal method is performed by determining the optimal intensity of reflected areas so that they match with neighbor regions. The advantage of our method is that all reflected areas are removed without affecting vehicles’ textures or details.
From K Street to Wall Street: Political Connections and Stock Recommendations
Authors: Christensen Dane M. , Mikhail Michael B. , Walther Beverly R. , Wellman Laura A. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
In this study, we examine whether sell-side security analysts gain access to value-relevant information through political connections. We measure analysts' political connections based on political contributions at the brokerage-house level. We argue that if brokerages are able to obtain private information through their political connections, then analysts at politically connected brokerages should issue more profitable stock recommendations, and this increased profitability should be more pronounced for politically sensitive stocks. Our evidence is consistent with these predictions. Analyses of recommendations issued surrounding the Affordable Care Act further support our main inferences. Moreover, our findings hold after we employ numerous tests to address correlated omitted variables and endogeneity. Collectively, these results suggest that brokerages obtain value-relevant, nonpublic information from their political connections.
JEL Classifications: G24; G38; G14.
Auditor Changes and the Cost of Bank Debt
Authors: Francis Bill B. , Hunter Delroy M. , Robinson Dahlia M. , Robinson Michael N. , Yuan Xiaojing 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
We examine the response of informed market participants to the informational signal of auditor changes. Using propensity score matching and difference-in-differences research designs, we document that loan spreads increase by 22 percent on bank loans initiated within a year after auditor changes, increasing direct loan costs by approximately $6.6 million. We also find a significant increase in upfront and annual fees and the probability of pledging collateral, consistent with an increase in screening and monitoring by banks. The increase in spreads is significant for client-initiated auditor changes, with or without disagreements with the auditor, as well as for auditor resignations. Further, the significant increase in loan spreads is documented for upward, lateral, and downward auditor changes. Our results are robust to other proxies for financial reporting quality. Finally, we find no effect resulting from the forced auditor changes due to Arthur Andersen. Collectively, these results suggest that voluntary auditor changes increase information risk, which is priced in private credit markets.
JEL Classifications: G20; G21; G32; K22.
The Impact of Forward-Looking Metrics on Employee Decision-Making: The Case of Customer Lifetime Value
Authors: Casas-Arce Pablo , Martínez-Jerez F. Asis , Narayanan V. G. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
This paper analyzes the effects of forward-looking metrics on employee decision-making. We use data from a bank that started providing branch managers with the customer lifetime value (CLV)—an estimate of the future value of the customer relationship—of mortgage applicants. The data allow us to gauge the effects of enriching the employees' information set in an environment where explicit incentives and decision rights remained unchanged. On average, customer value increased 5 percent after the metric's introduction. The metric's availability resulted in a significant shift in attention toward more profitable client segments and some improvement in cross-selling. However, the use of CLV did not negatively impact pricing or default risk, as the literature predicts. Finally, branch managers with shorter tenure displayed a stronger response, consistent with information substituting for experience.
Tear film concentrations of doxycycline following oral administration in ophthalmologically normal dogs
Authors: Collins Sean P. , Labelle Amber L. , Dirikolu Levent , Li Zhong , Mitchell Mark A. , Hamor Ralph E. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine tear film concentrations of doxycycline in ophthalmologically normal dogs following oral doxycycline administration.
DESIGN Crossover study.
ANIMALS 10 privately owned dolichocephalic or mesaticephalic dogs free of ophthalmic disease.
PROCEDURES Dogs were randomly assigned to receive doxycycline hyclate first at 5 mg/kg (2.3 mg/lb) or 10 mg/kg (4.5 mg/lb), PO, every 12 hours for 5 days, beginning on day 1. Doxycycline was administered 1 hour prior to feeding. Tear samples were collected from days 1 through 10 approximately 3 hours after the morning dose was administered. Following a 3-week washout period, dogs received the alternative dose in the same conditions. Doxycycline concentration in tear samples from 1 eye (same eye used for both sessions) was measured via liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and compared between the 2 doxycycline doses.
RESULTS Doxycycline was detected in tear samples of all dogs from days 1 through 10 for both doxycycline doses. Median peak doxycycline concentrations for the 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg doses were 2.19 ng/mL on day 3 and 4.32 ng/mL on day 4, respectively. Concentrations differed significantly with time, but this difference was not influenced by dose, dose order, or eye. A significant positive correlation was identified between doxycycline concentration and body weight (r = 0.22).
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Detectable doxycycline concentrations were achieved in the tear film of ophthalmologically normal dogs following oral administration of doxycycline at 5 or 10 mg/kg, every 12 hours. Dose had no significant effect on tear film concentration of the drug.
Successful surgical management of carcinoma lung in a 80 years old male
Authors: Biswas Bidyut Kumar , Islam Kazi Saiful , Aftabuddin Md. 
Published: August 2016

Carcinoma of the lung is a malignant lung tumor characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung. If left untreated, this growth can spread beyond the lung by process of metastasis into nearby tissue or other parts of the body. Various surgical modalities have been used with the treatment of lung cancer with variable results. We report a case of 80 years- old male admitted to National Institute of Chest Diseases and Hospital with dry cough for one month and chest pain for twenty days. On his physical examination there was no significant abnormality. Hematological and biochemical findings were also normal. In his CXR -P/A view showed a rounded opacity in the right lung field. It was diagnosed as a case of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the right upper lobe of lung by a CT guided FNAC. We had performed segmentectomy of the lesion on right upper lobe by a right sided thoracotomy. Histopathological report confirmed the diagnosis and showed that the excised margins were free of tumor invasion. Patients recovery was uneventful. Patient was discharged on 15th post operative day with advice for further follow up and also referred to Oncology Department for further management. In conclusion this was a case of carcinoma lung which was successfully managed by surgical intervention due to judicious suspicion adequate evaluation and measures in time.
Association of CagA+ helicobacter pylori infection and gastric carcinoma
Authors: Rahman Md. Khalilur , Patwary Md. Ismail , Rahman Md. Habibur 
Published: August 2016

The aim of this study was to find out the association of the CagA+ Helicobactor pylori infection and gastric carcinoma. This cross sectional comparative study was conducted on 40 patients of gastric carcinoma and 40 healthy volunteers from January 2011 to December 2012. Then, Cag A status was ascertained in both the groups by ELISA method. There was no significant difference between the case and control in relation to Cag A status.
Assessment of paranasal sinuses in Magnetic Resonance Imaging of brain
Authors: Maharjan Surendra 
Published: August 2016

Headache is the most common indication for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). But the minor ailments like paranasal sinusitis is often overlooked as it does not have specific discriminative characteristic and can imitate each type of primary headache. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the paranasal sinuses in patients undergoing MRI of brain. A cross-sectional hospital-based study of 118 patients was done from April to September 2014. The images were evaluated for presence of any abnormal findings in sinuses. A random probabilistic sampling was carried out. The sinuses were normal in 51 patients and abnormal in 67 patients. The most common abnormality was mucosal thickening followed by polyp, cyst, mass and fluid level respectively. 50 of 67 (74.6%) positive findings observed as mucosal thickening while polyp was seen in 13 patients (28.4%). Similarly, both mass and fluid level was seen in 3 (4.5%). The chi-square test showed no association between headache and abnormal sinus findings.
Specialization in the yucca–yucca moth obligate pollination mutualism: A role for antagonism?
Authors: Althoff David M. 
Published: August 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Specialized brood pollination systems involve both mutualism and antagonism in the overall interaction and have led to diversification in both plants and insects. Although largely known for mutualism, the role of the antagonistic side of the interaction in these systems has been overlooked. Specialization may be driven by plant defenses to feeding by the insect larvae that consume and kill developing plant ovules. The interaction among yuccas and yucca moths is cited as a classic example of the importance of mutualism in specialization and diversification. Pollinators moths are very host specific, but whether this specificity is due to adult pollination ability or larval feeding ability is unclear. Here, I test the potential role of antagonism in driving specialization among yuccas and yucca moths.METHODS:I examined the ability of the most‐polyphagous yucca moth pollinator, Tegeticula yuccasella, to pollinate and develop on five Yucca species used across its range. Yucca species endemic to the Great Plains and Texas were transplanted to a common garden in Syracuse, New York and exposed to the local pollinator moth population over 3 years.KEY RESULTS:Local moths visited all but one of the Yucca species, but had drastically lower rates of successful larval development on non‐natal Yucca species in comparison to the local host species.CONCLUSION:Specialization in many brood pollination systems may be strongly influenced by the antagonistic rather than the mutualistic side of the overall interaction, suggesting that antagonistic coevolution is a possible source of diversification.
Quantiﬁer Float, Focus, and Scope in Thai
Authors: Jenks Peter 
Published: August 2016

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt:Quantiﬁer Raising (QR) has been independently claimed to possess similar proper-ties as Q(uantifier)-float. I argue elsewhere that Q-ﬂoat and QR share these properties in Thai because Q-ﬂoat is overt QR in Thai (Jenks 2011). Here I argue that Q-ﬂoat is driven by focus on the ﬂoated quantiﬁer, following Simpson (2011). This is unsurprising, as other rightward movement phenomena such as heavy-NP shift and subject inversion are associated with focus on the rightward element.
The Expression of Motion Events: A Quantitative Study of Six Typologically Varied Languages
Authors: Fagard Benjamin , Zlatev Jordan , Kopecka Anetta , Cerruti Massimo , Blomberg Johan 
Published: August 2016

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt:More than two decades of intense research on motion event typology, emanating from the influential proposal of Talmy (1991, 2000) of a universal binary classification of languages into verb-framed (VF), such as French, and satellite-framed (SF), such as English, still leaves many questions unresolved. One such question is whether serial-verb languages such as Thai should be considered a third type (Zlatev and David 2003; Zlatev and Yangklang 2004), generalized by Slobin (2004) as equipollently-framed (EF). A second question is whether these two or three types should be regarded as in some sense ‘distinct’ (even if they have minor expression patterns conflicting the dominant, type-characteristic ones), or rather as forming continua with respect to certain dimensions, such as the propensity to express MANNER (Slobin 2004) or PATH (Ibarretxe-Antuñano 2009). A third and related question is whether the notion of language types (with respect to motion typology or in general) should not be abandoned, and languages rather be described as conglomerates of constructions and strategies, with complex overlaps (Kopecka 2006; Beavers, Levin & Tham 2010; Croft et al. 2010). In the research reported here, we address these questions, using an empirical approach based on elicited data from six carefully chosen languages. Two of these are the Romance languages French and Piedmontese, which can both reasonably be expected to be of the VF type. We also analyzed the Germanic languages Swedish and German and the Slavic language Polish, all three typically considered as SF. Finally, we included Thai (Tai-Kadai), classified as EF by Slobin (2004).