bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fracture resistance of pottery laminates with intentionally introduced defects
Authors: Sawada Takeyuki , Maki Yuto , Ikari Shunsuke , Yamamoto Keisuke , Kawai Shuji , Nakao Wataru 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLaminated ceramics containing layers of pottery materials with high and low Young's moduli were developed to mimic the nacre structure of abalone shells with high resistances against dynamic fractures. The layers with the low Young's modulus moderated crack deflection and impact, thereby exhibiting a high fracture resistance. The ceramic pores were formed by the CO2 gas generated through the oxidation of SiC during firing. The dynamic fracture resistance was enhanced by elastic wave scattering owing to the difference between the Young's moduli of the dense and porous layers. The effect of lamination on the dynamic fracture resistance was observed because the elastic waves were scattered owing to the difference in the elastic modulus between the porous and dense layers, and their propagation to the back sample surface was suppressed. The fracture energy of the 5‐layer laminate was determined to be about four times larger than that of the dense monolayer, which indicates that the introduction of intentional defects is effective in improving the dynamic fracture resistance of the pottery ceramics.
Explaining the Family‐Centred Care of Young People With Depressive Disorders and Suicidal Ideations: A Grounded Theory Study
Authors: Sun Fan‐Ko , Long Ann , Wang Liang‐Jen , Tsai Ching‐Shu , Li Chia‐Jung , Chiang Chun‐Ying 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimThis study aimed to develop a theory to guide family members caring for young people with depressive disorders and suicidal ideations.DesignStrauss and Corbin's Grounded Theory.MethodsTheoretical sampling was used to recruit primary family caregivers (aged 22–60) of young people experiencing depressive disorders and suicidal ideations from hospitals and psychiatric clinics in Taiwan. Data were collected using interviews (n = 23) in 2023. Data were analysed using Corbin & Strauss' analytical framework, including open, axial and selective coding until theoretical saturation was reached.ResultsA paradigm model was used to link the 13 categories and develop a substantive theory to help guide family members in the care of their young persons with depressive disorders and suicidal ideations. The core category that emerged was ‘Struggling to contain the young person's life by adjusting, assisting, and protecting them from diving into depression’. Other key categories interconnected with this core category were—creating a nurturing environment, adjusting to changes, protecting the young person's safety and assisting with their medical treatment.ConclusionFamily caregivers could use this theory as a guide to enhance the care of young persons experiencing depressive disorders and suicidal ideations and accompany them alongside the healing process.Implications for the ProfessionNursing professionals could provide psychoeducation to family caregivers on how to hold the young person gently and acquire compassion for the young persons' lived experience, thoughts and emotions, by creating a nurturing environment, adjusting to changes, protecting their safety and assisting with their medical treatment.ImpactThis theory provides valuable guidance for future intervention research aimed at improving family caregivers' ability to care for young persons with depressive disorders and suicidal ideations.Reporting MethodThe COREQ guidelines were utilised.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Navigating the Complexities of Nursing Documentation When Patients Have Access to the Content: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Lerbæk Birgitte , Kusk Kathrine Hoffmann , Jørgensen Lone , Laugesen Britt 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo explore how Danish registered nurses (RNs) in hospitals experience documenting nursing care in electronic patient records when the content is accessible to patients.MethodsIn a qualitative research design, data were generated in six focus groups conducted in late 2022 and early 2023, comprising 31 RNs employed in inpatient wards at a university hospital in Denmark. Subsequently, qualitative content analysis was applied to the gathered data.ResultsThe findings include three themes: (1) weighing one's words, (2) building trust or triggering conflicts and (3) risking loss of knowledge. Together, these three themes illustrate the complexities that RNs navigate when patients have access to the content of nursing documentation.ConclusionPatients' access to nursing documentation requires RNs to navigate a complex interplay of factors, including awareness of language‐use, influence on the nurse–patient–relative relationships, and the risk of losing essential knowledge. Therefore, although patients' access to nursing documentation can induce a positive change in terms of strengthening the professional focus on documentation, it can also result in changes in documentation practices in ways that may compromise nursing documentation as a working tool.Implications for the Profession and Patient CareThe findings emphasize an urgent need to explore and discuss how sensitive nursing observations can be shared in a safe and appropriate way when patients have access to the documentation. Furthermore, to prevent misunderstandings and conflicts with patients, it is essential to focus on and prioritize patient involvement in nursing documentation.ImpactRNs navigate complex practices when patients have direct online access to nursing documentation content. It is crucial to clarify which content nursing documentation should entail and how sensitive nursing observations can be shared in a safe and appropriate way.ReportingThe COREQ checklist was used for reporting.
Long‐term remission of Hailey–Hailey disease by Er:YAG ablative laser therapy
Authors: Debeuf Marie‐Eline P. H. , Knoops Kèvin , López‐Iglesias Carmen , Lookermans Eline , Nelemans Patty J. , Abdul Hamid Myrurgia , van Geel Michel , Gostynski Antoni H. , Steijlen Peter M. , Bolling Marieke C. , Verstraeten Valerie L. R. M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundHailey–Hailey disease (HHD) is a rare genetic therapy‐resistant blistering disease with great disease burden. Treatment is currently focused on symptomatic relief. Er:YAG ablative laser therapy is a therapeutic modality with promising results, though evidence is currently scarce.ObjectiveTo analyse the effect of Er:YAG ablative laser therapy on clinical remission of erosive plaques in HHD and on patient's quality of life (QoL).MethodsIn this observational study eight patients were included and 77 erosive plaques were treated once only by Er:YAG laser and assessed for clinical remission. QoL was evaluated by obtaining Skindex‐29 and DLQI questionnaires before laser therapy, 6 weeks and 3 years after laser therapy. Skin biopsies were taken to evaluate the depth of laser ablation. The intercellular distance between keratinocytes, the number of desmosomes and intermediate filament distribution were studied by electron microscopy before and after laser therapy and in clinically uninvolved skin and were compared to subjects without HHD.ResultsOne single Er:YAG laser ablation to mid‐dermis resulted in complete remission of 97.4% of HHD plaques (75/77) after median 38 months (range 7–63 months) and significantly improved QoL. Laser therapy restored the number of desmosomes, decreased intercellular distance and diminished perinuclear retraction of keratin filaments to a level comparable to the patient's clinically uninvolved skin. After laser ablation, the skin showed significantly fewer ultrastructural aberrations compared to the patient's clinically uninvolved skin and rather resembled the skin of healthy control individuals.ConclusionOne single Er:YAG laser treatment resulted in long‐term remission of HHD and significantly improved QoL. Our findings support a greater role for ablative laser surgery in the management of this recalcitrant disorder.
Hospital‐acquired malnutrition: point prevalence, risk identifiers and utility of a digital Dashboard to identify high‐risk, long‐stay patients in five Australian facilities
Authors: Palmer Michelle , Hosking Breanne , Naumann Fiona , Courtice Sally , Henderson Amanda , Stoney Rachel M. , Ross Lynda J. , Vivanti Angela 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere are limited hospital‐acquired malnutrition (HAM) studies among the plethora of malnutrition literature, and a few studies utilise electronic medical records to assist with malnutrition care. This study therefore aimed to determine the point prevalence of HAM in long‐stay adult patients across five facilities, whether any descriptors could assist in identifying these patients and whether a digital Dashboard accurately reflected ‘real‐time’ patient nutritional status.MethodsHAM was defined as malnutrition first diagnosed >14 days after hospital admission. Eligible patients were consenting adult (≥18 years) inpatients with a length of stay (LOS) >14 days. Palliative, mental health and intensive care patients were excluded. Descriptive, clinical and nutritional data were collected, including nutritional status, and whether a patient had hospital‐acquired malnutrition to determine point prevalence. Descriptive Fisher's exact and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were used.ResultsEligible patients (n = 134) were aged 68 ± 16 years, 52% were female and 92% were acute admissions. HAM and malnutrition point prevalence were 4.5% (n = 6/134) and 19% (n = 26/134), respectively. Patients with HAM had 72 days greater LOS than those with malnutrition present on admission (p < 0.001). A high proportion of HAM patients were inpatients at a tertiary facility and longer‐stay wards. The Dashboard correctly reflected recent ward dietitian assessments in 94% of patients at one facility (n = 29/31).ConclusionsHAM point prevalence was 4.5% among adult long‐stay patients. Several descriptors may be suitable to screen for at‐risk patients in future studies. Digital Dashboards have the potential to explore factors related to HAM.
Bridging Gaps in Shared Decision‐Making for Anxiety Disorders: A Commentary on Villena et al.
Authors: Chen Chia‐Wei , Wei Lien‐Chung , Chiu Hsien‐Jane 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis commentary reflects on the recent study by Villena et al., which addresses the need for enhanced shared decision‐making (SDM) for individuals with anxiety disorders. As a psychiatrist with expertise in anxiety management, I commend the study's emphasis on patient involvement and its alignment with real‐world clinical challenges. The findings, particularly regarding patients' preferences for psychological interventions and the current trend towards pharmacological treatments, highlight the need to better align treatment approaches with evidence‐based guidelines. Additionally, the study underscores the importance of psychoeducation and active coping strategies like exposure techniques. These insights offer valuable contributions towards improving patient‐centred care and SDM in anxiety disorder treatment.
Revisiting the effects of state anesthesia policy interventions: A comprehensive look at certified registered nurse anesthetist service provision in U.S. hospitals from 2010 to 2021
Authors: Feyereisen Scott , McConnell William , Puro Neeraj 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimsRural hospitals in the United States often rely on nonphysician providers such as advanced practice nurses to care for their patients. One important role that is served by advanced practice nurses is that of anesthesia provider (certified registered nurse anesthetist or CRNA). In 2001, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) passed an opt‐out law affording state governors the right to loosen physician supervision requirements on CRNAs in their respective states, thus potentially improving access in targeted areas. Since then, 24 states have adopted these opt‐out provisions. We aim to understand the extent to which the CMS opt‐out law has resulted in increased CRNA service provision in hospitals, especially in rural areas.DesignThe study used a longitudinal design. We compiled 2010‐2021 American Hospital Association data, which includes 4,464 unique U.S. hospitals observed an average of 8 times annually (35,863 total hospital‐year observations).MethodsWe model CRNA services provision at the hospital level using longitudinal mixed effects generalized linear models that incorporate state, county, and hospital control variables.ResultsUsing descriptive statistics and mixed effects generalized linear models, we discovered that adopting opt‐out provisions does not universally result in increased CRNA service provision in U.S. hospitals. Notably, opt‐out provisions do not improve access in rural counties. However, in supplemental analysis, we discover some of the conditions under which the likelihood of CRNA service provision is influenced.ConclusionsHospitals often utilize CRNAs to staff their hospitals. However, many hospitals use both CRNAs and physician anesthesiologists; this can be a potential source of contention and confusion, given the lack of uniformity in the scope of practice policies. We offer some suggestions with regard to the effects of state interventions into the field, and how they might impact this dispute. Lastly, policymakers should consider additional measures to address rural access limitations, as the opt‐out policy does not seem to be working as intended.
Effects of visit restriction in the COVID‐19 pandemic: Experiences and perceptions of intensive care nurses
Authors: Aydın Er Rahime , Delihasanoğlu Ayşegül 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe visit restrictions imposed as a result of COVID‐19 precluded the entrance of the patient's family into the confines of the intensive care unit.AimThis study evaluated the experiences of intensive care nurses (ICNs) regarding COVID‐19 visit restrictions and their opinions on these restrictions.Study DesignFrom May 2023 to July 2023, semi‐structured interviews with 15 ICNs from intensive care units in a tertiary public hospital in Türkiye were conducted. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. Reporting of the study followed the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) checklist.ResultsThe analysis revealed two main themes, ‘widespread negative impacts of visit restrictions’ and ‘adaptive strategies to the visitation ban’, and seven sub‐themes supporting the main themes. Nurses perceived that the visit restrictions imposed during the COVID‐19 pandemic had a severe negative effect on patients, their relatives, themselves and the care environment. They also did not support visit restriction in future pandemics.ConclusionsThe COVID‐19 visitation policy weakened the involvement of family members in patient care and created serious challenges in the intensive care setting. The study revealed an urgent need for patient‐centred, family‐sensitive and consistently applied protocols in future pandemics.Relevance to Clinical PracticeIn future pandemics, strategies such as the benefit–benefit ratio of the visit, the provision and use of adequate personal protective equipment, and vaccination requirements should be considered in visiting decisions of patients hospitalized because of infection. Participation of nurses responsible for patient care in decisions regarding visitor practices should be supported.
What determines transfer of carbon from plants to mycorrhizal fungi?
Authors: Bunn Rebecca A. , Corrêa Ana , Joshi Jaya , Kaiser Christina , Lekberg Ylva , Prescott Cindy E. , Sala Anna , Karst Justine 
Published: October 2024

SummaryBiological Market Models are common evolutionary frameworks to understand the maintenance of mutualism in mycorrhizas. ‘Surplus C’ hypotheses provide an alternative framework where stoichiometry and source–sink dynamics govern mycorrhizal function. A critical difference between these frameworks is whether carbon transfer from plants is regulated by nutrient transfer from fungi or through source–sink dynamics. In this review, we: provide a historical perspective; summarize studies that asked whether plants transfer more carbon to fungi that transfer more nutrients; conduct a meta‐analysis to assess whether mycorrhizal plant growth suppressions are related to carbon transfer; and review literature on cellular mechanisms for carbon transfer. In sum, current knowledge does not indicate that carbon transfer from plants is directly regulated by nutrient delivery from fungi. Further, mycorrhizal plant growth responses were linked to nutrient uptake rather than carbon transfer. These findings are more consistent with ‘Surplus C’ hypotheses than Biological Market Models. However, we also identify research gaps, and future research may uncover a mechanism directly linking carbon and nutrient transfer. Until then, we urge caution when applying economic terminology to describe mycorrhizas. We present a synthesis of ideas, consider knowledge gaps, and suggest experiments to advance the field.
Biofortifying multiple micronutrients and decreasing arsenic accumulation in rice grain simultaneously by expressing a mutant allele of OAS‐TL gene
Authors: Xu Xuejie , Sun Sheng‐Kai , Gao Axiang , Huang Xin‐Yuan , Wirtz Markus , Hell Rüdiger , Zhao Fang‐Jie 
Published: October 2024

Summary
Rice grains typically contain relatively high levels of toxic arsenic (As) but low levels of essential micronutrients. Biofortification of essential micronutrients while decreasing As accumulation in rice would benefit human nutrition and health.
We generated transgenic rice expressing a gain‐of‐function mutant allele astol1 driven by the OsGPX1 promoter. astol1 encodes a plastid‐localized O‐acetylserine (thiol) lyase (OAS‐TL) with Ser189Asn substitution (OsASTOL1S189N), which enhances cysteine biosynthesis by forming an indissociable cysteine synthase complex with its partner serine acetyltransferase (SAT). The effects on growth, As tolerance, and nutrient and As accumulation in rice grain were evaluated in hydroponic, pot and field experiments.
The expression of OsASTOL1S189N in pOsGPX1::astol1 transgenic lines enhanced SAT activity, sulphate uptake, biosynthesis of cysteine, glutathione, phytochelatins and nicotianamine, and enhanced tolerance to As. The expression of OsASTOL1S189N decreased As accumulation while increased the accumulation of multiple macronutrients (especially sulphur, nitrogen and potassium) and micronutrients (especially zinc and selenium) in rice grain in a pot experiment and two field experiments, and had little effect on plant growth and grain yield.
Our study provides a new strategy to genetically engineer rice to biofortify multiple essential nutrients, reducing As accumulation in rice grain and enhancing As tolerance simultaneously.
Stable Isotope Signatures Illuminate Diverse Nutritional Strategies in Rhizoctonias and Their Orchid Partners
Authors: Suetsugu Kenji , Matsubayashi Jun , Okada Hidehito 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the nutritional ecology of orchids, particularly those in symbiosis with rhizoctonias, presents a complex challenge. This complexity arises partly from the absence of macroscopic fruit bodies in rhizoctonias, which impedes the acquisition of their stable isotope data. In this study, we investigated the fungal associations and isotopic signatures in the pelotons of Stigmatodactylus sikokianus (associated with non‐ectomycorrhizal [non‐ECM] rhizoctonias) and Chamaegastrodia shikokiana (associated with ECM rhizoctonias). Our research reveals elevated levels of 13C enrichment in S. sikokianus plants and their pelotons, similar to those found in fully mycoheterotrophic orchids and their mycobionts. Interestingly, C. shikokiana plants and their pelotons exhibited even higher levels of 13C and 15N enrichment than many other fully mycoheterotrophic species. Our findings imply that both ECM and saprotrophic mycobionts, including certain rhizoctonias, can fulfill the carbon needs of highly mycoheterotrophic orchids. This finding also indicates that 13C enrichment can be an indicator of mycoheterotrophy in at least some rhizoctonia‐associated orchids, despite the typically low 13C enrichment in non‐ECM rhizoctonias. Our demonstration of partial mycoheterotrophy in S. sikokianus suggests a broader prevalence of this nutritional strategy among orchids, given that almost all orchids are associated with non‐ECM rhizoctonias.
CRISPR/Cas‐Mediated Gene Editing in Plant Immunity and Its Potential for the Future Development of Fungal, Oomycete, and Bacterial Pathogen‐Resistant Pulse Crops
Authors: Singer Stacy D. , Mukthar Mohammed M. , Subedi Udaya , Poudel Hari , Chen Guanqun , Foroud Nora , Chatterton Syama 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPulses provide myriad health benefits and are advantageous in an environmental context as a result of their leguminous nature. However, phytopathogenic fungi, oomycetes and bacteria pose a substantial threat to pulse production, at times leading to crop failure. Unfortunately, existing disease management strategies often provide insufficient control, and there is a clear need for the development of new pulse cultivars with durable and broad‐spectrum disease resistance. CRISPR/Cas‐mediated gene editing has proven its potential for rapidly enhancing disease resistance in many plant species. However, this tool has only very recently been applied in pulse species, and never in the context of plant immunity. In this review, we examine the recent successful utilization of this technology in pulse species for proof‐of‐concept or the improvement of other traits. In addition, we consider various genes that have been edited in other plant species to reduce susceptibility to pathogens, and discuss current knowledge regarding their roles in pulses. Given the functional conservation of the selected genes across diverse plant species, there is a high likelihood that their editing would elicit similar effects in non‐oilseed grain legumes, thus providing a suite of potential targets for CRISPR/Cas‐mediated gene editing to promote pulse crop productivity in coming years.
“Trust Women”: Characteristics of and learnings from patients of a Shield Law medication abortion practice in the United States
Authors: Foster Angel M. , Mark Alice , Drouillard Kyle J. , Paul Maureen , Yanow Susan , Shahi Sarah , Suvarna Dipesh , Peña Andrea 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe 2022 Massachusetts Shield Law protects telemedicine providers who care for abortion seekers in other states from criminal, civil, and licensure penalties. In this article we explore the characteristics of patients of The Massachusetts Medication Abortion Access Project (The MAP).MethodsThe MAP is an asynchronous telemedicine service that offers mifepristone/misoprostol to abortion seekers in all 50 states who are at or under 11 weeks pregnancy gestation on initial intake. The MAP charges USD250 using a pay‐what‐you‐can model. We analyzed medical questionnaires and payments submitted by patients who received care from The MAP during its first 6 months of operations using descriptive statistics and for content and themes.ResultsFrom October 1, 2023–March 31, 2024, 1994 patients accessed care through The MAP. Almost all (n = 1973, 99%) identified as women/girls and about half (n = 984, 49%) were aged 20–29. The MAP cared for patients in 45 states; 84% (n = 1672) of these patients received pills in abortion ban or restricted southern states. Patients paid USD134.50 on average; 29% (n = 577) paid USD25 or less. Nearly two‐thirds (n = 1293, 65%) received subsidized care; financial hardship featured prominently in patient comments.DiscussionConsiderable demand exists for medication abortion care from Shield Law providers. The MAP demonstrates that providers can trust women and other pregnancy capable people to decide for themselves whether to obtain medication abortion pills by mail and to pay what they can afford without being required to justify their need. Identifying ways to support Shield Law provision and further subsidize abortion care are needed.