bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial disparities of pancreatic cancer in Georgia: a county‐wide comparison of incidence and mortality across the state, 2000–2011
Authors: Brotherton Lindsay , Welton Michael , Robb Sara W. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractUnderstanding the geographic distribution of pancreatic cancer is important in assessing disease burden and identifying high‐risk populations. This study examined the geographic trends of pancreatic cancer incidence, mortality, and mortality‐to‐incidence ratios (MIRs) in Georgia, with a special focus on racial disparities of disease. Directly age‐adjusted pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality rates for Georgia counties (N = 159) were obtained for 2000–2011. Maps of county age‐adjusted disease rates and MIRs were generated separately for African Americans and Caucasians. Cluster analyses were conducted to identify unusual geographic aggregations of cancer cases or deaths. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to examine associations between county health factors (e.g., health behaviors, clinical care, and physical environment) and pancreatic cancer incidence or mortality rates. African Americans displayed a significantly higher age‐adjusted incidence (14.6/100,000) and mortality rate (13.3/100,000), compared to Caucasians. Cluster analyses identified five significant incidence clusters and four significant mortality clusters among Caucasians; one significant incidence cluster and two significant mortality clusters were identified among African Americans. Weak but significant correlations were noted between physical environment and pancreatic cancer incidence (ρ = 0.16, P = 0.04) and mortality (ρ = 0.18, P = 0.02) among African Americans. A disproportion burden of pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality was exhibited among African Americans in Georgia. Disease intervention efforts should be implemented in high‐risk areas, such as the southwest and central region of the state. Future studies should assess health behaviors and physical environment in relationship with the spatial distribution of pancreatic cancer.
CHADS2 scores as a predictor of ischemic stroke after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Yang Yu‐Wan , Lee Shang‐Sen , Chen Chi‐Cheng , Liu Hsin‐Ho , Tsai Tsung‐Hsun , Lin Tien‐Huang , Hsieh Teng‐Fu 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPatients with prostate cancer have an increased risk of stroke, but their absolute rate of stroke depends on age and comorbid conditions. The Charlson Comorbidity Index Score (CCIS) is a widely accepted measure for risk adjustment in administrative claims data sets. This study assesses the predictive value of CHADS2 scores and CCIS for stroke among patients with prostate cancer. The study was conducted based on data taken from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). We identified a total of 5414 participants with nonatrial fibrillation (AF) prostate cancer diagnoses who underwent radical prostatectomy between 1997 and 2011. CHADS2 scores and CCIS were used to stratify the 5‐year ischemic stroke risk. All participants were followed from the date of enrollment until ischemic stroke, death, or the end of the 5‐year follow‐up period. The 5‐year risk of ischemic stroke in the present study was 1.7%. Ischemic stroke has a better correlation with CHADS2 (CHADS2 score = 0 to 1: 0.02%, CHADS2 score = 2 to 3: 13.9%, CHADS2 score ≥ 4: 44.4%; AUC = 0.978) than CCIS (CCIS = 0 to 1: 1.6%, CCIS = 2 to 3: 1.7%, CCIS ≥ 4: 3.8%; AUC = 0.520). Our results show that patients with prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy show significantly higher risk of ischemic stroke in high CHADS2 score patients, and the CHADS2 score could be applied for ischemic stroke prediction. Cardiovascular risks evaluation and management are suggested for prostate cancer patients with higher CHADS2 score.
Electrocatalytic Performance of High‐Surface‐Area Platinum Catalysts Synthesized by Chemical Vapor Deposition for Water Splitting
Authors: Klett Joachim , Eva Andreas , Heinz Frederick , Kaiser Bernhard , Jaegermann Wolfram , Schäfer Rolf 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe present the deposition of Pt particles and films by chemical vapor deposition from platinum(II) acetylacetonate for electrochemical water splitting. High‐surface‐area particles can be obtained at substrate temperatures as low as 150 °C by this technique. Clear differences in morphology were identified, which depended on the type of reactive gas introduced in the process. Although oxygen leads to a crystalline film growth, hydrogen leads to an open structure of stacked Pt spheres. The electrochemically active surface area of these deposits were determined by hydrogen adsorption–desorption measurements in alkaline solution. With respect to water splitting and other catalytic processes, we present a way to synthesize and characterize high‐surface‐area Pt samples easily. To evaluate their electrocatalytic performance, the catalysts were analyzed in terms of the overvoltage for the hydrogen evolution reaction.
Halogen‐Bonding‐Assisted Iodosylbenzene Activation by a Homogenous Iron Catalyst
Authors: de Sousa David P. , Wegeberg Christina , Vad Mads Sørensen , Mørup Steen , Frandsen Cathrine , Donald William A. , McKenzie Christine J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe iron(III) complex of hexadentate N,N,N′‐tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)ethylendiamine‐N′‐acetate (tpena−) is a more effective homogenous catalyst for selective sulfoxidation and epoxidation with insoluble iodosylbenzene, [PhIO]n, compared with soluble methyl‐morpholine‐N‐oxide (NMO). We propose that two molecules of [Fe(tpena)]2+ cooperate to solubilize PhIO, extracting two equivalents to form the halogen‐bonded dimeric {[Fe(tpena)OIPh]2}4+. The closest intradimeric I⋅⋅⋅O distance, 2.56 Å, is nearly 1 Å less than the sum of the van de Waals radii of these atoms. A correlation of the rates of the reaction of {[Fe(tpena)OIPh]2}4+ with para‐substituted thioanisoles indicate that this species is a direct metal‐based oxidant rather than a derived ferryl or perferryl complex. A study of gas‐phase reactions indicate that an ion at m/z=231.06100 originates from solution‐state {[Fe(tpena)OIPh]2}4+ and is ascribed to [FeIII(tpenaO)]2+, derived from an intramolecular O atom insertion into an Fe–tpena donor bond. Proposed ion pairs, {[Fe(tpena)OIPh]Cl}+ and {[Fe(tpena)OIPh]ClO4}+, are more stable than native [Fe(tpena)OIPh]2+ ions, suggesting that halogen‐bonding, as for the solution and solid states, operates also in the gas phase.
Modelling of deactivation of Pd‐Au catalyst in vinyl acetate synthesis from oxidation of ethylene and acetic acid in the gaseous phase
Authors: Motahari Kazem , Rempel Garry , Lashkarara Saba , Ghaseminezhad Keyhan , Borumandnejad Amin , Hatami Babak 
Published: November 2015

AbstractVinyl acetate monomer (VAM) is produced from oxidation of ethylene and acetic acid on a Pd‐Au/SiO2 catalyst in the gaseous phase. A progressive loss in activity occurs during the lifetime of a commercial Pd‐Au/SiO2 VAM synthesis catalyst; thus, the efficiency of the reaction decreases and the process is no longer operational and economically feasible. In this study, the effective parameters on Pd‐Au/SiO2 catalyst deactivation were investigated using a fixed‐bed reactor pilot, and a model was proposed to predict the reduction in catalyst activity. The proposed model's output was compared with experimental data and an acceptable agreement was observed. The error was < 10 %.
DFT Methods to Study the Reaction Mechanism of Iridium‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Olefins: Which Functional Should be Chosen?
Authors: Sun Yihua , Chen Hui 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTo enable the selection of more accurate computational methods for the future theoretical exploration of the reaction mechanism of Ir‐catalyzed olefin hydrogenation, we compared high‐level ab initio coupled cluster and DFT calculations with a simplified model of Pfaltz's Ir/P,N‐type catalyst for all four previously proposed IrI/IrIII and IrIII/IrV mechanisms. Through the systematic assessment of the DFT performances, the DFT empirical dispersion correction (DFT‐D3) is found to be indispensable for improving the accuracy of relative energies between the IrI/IrIII and IrIII/IrV mechanisms. After including the DFT‐D3 correction, the three best performing density functionals (DFs) are B2‐PLYP, BP86, and TPSSh. In these recommended DFs, the computationally more expensive double‐hybrid functional B2‐PLYP‐D3 has a balanced and outstanding performance for calculations of the reaction barriers, reaction energies, and energy gaps between different mechanisms, whereas the less costly BP86‐D3 and TPSSh‐D3 methods have outstanding, but relatively less uniform performances.
Assessing Attachment in Psychotherapy: Validation of the Patient Attachment Coding System (PACS)
Authors: Talia Alessandro , Miller‐Bottome Madeleine , Daniel Sarah I.F. 
Published: November 2015

The authors present and validate the Patient Attachment Coding System (PACS), a transcript‐based instrument that assesses clients' in‐session attachment based on any session of psychotherapy, in multiple treatment modalities. One‐hundred and sixty clients in different types of psychotherapy (cognitive–behavioural, cognitive–behavioural‐enhanced, psychodynamic, relational, supportive) and from three different countries were administered the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) prior to treatment, and one session for each client was rated with the PACS by independent coders. Results indicate strong inter‐rater reliability, and high convergent validity of the PACS scales and classifications with the AAI. These results present the PACS as a practical alternative to the AAI in psychotherapy research and suggest that clinicians using the PACS can assess clients' attachment status on an ongoing basis by monitoring clients' verbal activity. These results also provide information regarding the ways in which differences in attachment status play out in therapy sessions and further the study of attachment in psychotherapy from a pre‐treatment client factor to a process variable. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

The Patient Attachment Coding System is a valid measure of attachment that can classify clients' attachment based on any single psychotherapy transcript, in many therapeutic modalities
Client differences in attachment manifest in part independently of the therapist's contributions
Client adult attachment patterns are likely to affect psychotherapeutic processes
Multiparameter analysis of stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: A comparison of mass and fluorescence cytometry
Authors: Nicholas Katherine J. , Greenplate Allison R. , Flaherty David K. , Matlock Brittany K. , Juan Juan San , Smith Rita M. , Irish Jonathan M. , Kalams Spyros A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMass and fluorescence cytometry are quantitative single cell flow cytometry approaches that are powerful tools for characterizing diverse tissues and cellular systems. Here mass cytometry was directly compared with fluorescence cytometry by studying phenotypes of healthy human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in the context of superantigen stimulation. One mass cytometry panel and five fluorescence cytometry panels were used to measure 20 well‐established lymphocyte markers of memory and activation. Comparable frequencies of both common and rare cell subpopulations were observed with fluorescence and mass cytometry using biaxial gating. The unsupervised high‐dimensional analysis tool viSNE was then used to analyze data sets generated from both mass and fluorescence cytometry. viSNE analysis effectively characterized PBMC using eight features per cell and identified similar frequencies of activated CD4+ T cells with both technologies. These results suggest combinations of unsupervised analysis programs and extended multiparameter cytometry will be indispensable tools for detecting perturbations in protein expression in both health and disease. © 2015 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
The relationships of irisin with bone mineral density and body composition in PCOS patients
Authors: Gao Shanshan , Cheng Yan , Zhao Lingling , Chen Yuxin , Liu Yu 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectiveOur study aims to assay the irisin level and investigate the relationships of irisin level with body mass index (BMI), body composition and bone metabolism in the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and control women.MethodsFifty two PCOS and 39 control women were recruited. Serum sex hormone, fasting insulin and C‐peptide were tested. Fasting serum irisin and adiponectin were measured with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Body composition and bone mineral density were assayed by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry.ResultsPolycystic ovary syndrome women showed different body compositions compared with controls. Serum irisin level of PCOS did not show significant difference compared with controls although it was decreased. The level of adiponectin in PCOS patients was significantly reduced. BMI had no correlation with irisin level. It indicated a positive correlation between serum irisin levels and bone mineral density in the control group and a negative correlation in the PCOS group after BMI and age adjusted. Furthermore, total lean mass has a significant effect on irisin concentration in the PCOS group. There are no correlations between adiponection and body compositions and bone mineral density in both groups.ConclusionsThe abnormal body composition in PCOS may contribute to the circulation irisin. The crosstalk of irisin in different organs was found and may be related to disease development in PCOS. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Serum uric acid level as an indicator for CKD regression and progression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus—a 4.6‐year cohort study
Authors: Chang Yu‐Hung , Lei Chen‐Chou , Lin Kun‐Chen , Chang Dao‐Ming , Hsieh Chang‐Hsun , Lee Yau‐Jiunn 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the association of serum uric acid level with renal function change in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsT2DM patients who had been followed‐up for at least 3 years were included. Participants were categorized into stable, progression, or regression groups according to their change in chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage. During the follow‐up period, all numeric values of metabolic factors, including the uric acid level and the medication possession rate, were calculated in order to investigate their associations with CKD development. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to identify independent factors associated with change in CKD.ResultsA total of 2367 T2DM patients were enrolled in this study and followed‐up for a mean of 4.6 years. The numbers of patients in the stable, progression and regression groups were 1133 (47.9%), 487 (20.6%), and 747 (31.5%), respectively. The progression group had the highest serum uric acid level (6.9 ± 1.8 mg/dL), and the regression group had the lowest uric acid level (5.4 ± 1.5 mg/dL). In addition, we found that the serum uric acid level was an independent factor associated with CKD progression when the value exceeded 6.3 mg/dL. A lower uric acid level could be beneficial for CKD improvement in T2DM patients with stage 3–5 CKD.ConclusionsOur data indicated that the serum uric acid level is associated with CKD regression and progression and suggested that a high normal serum uric acid level should be closely monitored in patients with T2DM. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cholesterol loading in vivo and in vitro alters extracellular matrix proteins production in smooth muscle cells
Authors: Palomino‐Morales Rogelio , Perales Sonia , Torres Carolina , Linares Ana , Alejandre Maria Jose 
Published: November 2015

This study supports the SMC dedifferentiation in vitro model and increases our fundamental knowledge of plaque formation and remodeling. With this purpose, we isolated smooth muscle cells form aortic arch of chicks either fed under control or high cholesterol diets. From the former we obtained control SMCs (SMC−C) that were then loaded with cholesterol using cholesterol:methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (CS) complexes, thus producing cholesterol loaded SMCs in vitro (SMC−C+CS).tained in vivo cholesterol loaded SMC cell cultures (SMC−Ch). We compared the effect of both cholesterol loading processes on extracellular matrix (ECM) production. The proline incorporation showed that collagen synthesis was higher in SMC−Ch and SMC−C+CS than in SMC−C cultures. Quantitative real‐time PCR revealed that expression of extracellular matrix protein‐related genes increased after in vitro and in vivo cholesterol loading with respect to unloaded cells, demonstrating a regulation at mRNA level. In addition, the expression of col3a1 and fibronectin genes was significantly higher in SMC−Ch than in SMC−Ch+CS cultures. We demonstrated that SMC can switch from contractile to synthetic state not only by cholesterol in vivo but also by cholesterol SMC loading in vitro.Practical applications: Alteration of the differentiated, contractile phenotype of SMCs is known to play an integral role in the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. Although SMCs have previously been induced to accumulate cholesterol in vitro, for either in vitro or in vivo foam cell like SMC cells, there is little information about phenotypic changes at the protein or RNA level. We have characterized the phenotypic changes associated with chicken aortic cholesterol loaded SMCs formation at the protein and molecular level. The results of the present study support the SMC dedifferentiation in vitro model and increase our fundamental knowledge of plaque formation and remodeling.Diet cholesterol is a risk factor in the atherosclerotic process. Proliferation, apoptosis, migration and the ECM synthesis in SMC contribute to the development of the disease. Both, a cholesterol‐rich diet and exogenous cholesterol loading in vitro yield the overexpression of ECM genes, specifically collagen types I and II and fibronectin. This leads to the dedifferentiation of the SMC to a synthetic phenotype which is one of the main reasons of the vascular hypertrophy.
Early selection for oil quality components in olive breeding progenies
Authors: de la Rosa Raúl , Arias‐Calderón Rocio , Velasco Leonardo , León Lorenzo 
Published: November 2015

Olive oil is highly valued for its nutritional quality mainly determined by its fatty acid composition together with the presence of several biologically active minor components. In olive breeding programs, these oil quality components are normally evaluated in the later stages of selection because oil extraction is not suitable for being performed in large seedling progenies with initial low yield. In the present work, we evaluate the ability of open pollinated progenies of 17 olive cultivars located in a large germplasm bank as a means of generate genetic variability for oil quality components directly measured in fruit. High degree of variability was found for most of the oil quality components analyzed, including some cases of transgressive segregation. Narrow‐sense heritability greatly varies among traits, being particularly high for sterol content. Lack of correlation among fruit traits previously reported and oil quality traits suggest the possibility of simultaneous breeding for most of them. In summary, open pollination of cultivars from a germplasm bank together with early evaluation directly in fruit seems to be a convenient strategy for breeding for oil quality traits on olive.Practical application: The evaluation of oil quality parameters directly on fruits here presented could be a convenient strategy to speed up olive breeding programs aimed at obtaining new olive varieties with olive oil of enhanced quality.Box and whisker plots for oil quality components evaluated in progenies from open pollination. Female genitors’ names are abbreviated: “Arbequina” (Arb), “Blanqueta” (Bla), “Canetera” (Can), “Changlot Real” (ChR), “Chorrúo Castro del Río” (CCR), “Empeltre” (Emp), “Hojiblanca” (Hoj), “Lechín de Granada” (LGr), “Lechín de Sevilla” (LSe), “Manzanilla del Piquito” (MPi), “Manzanilla de Sevilla” (MSe), “Morona” (Mor), “Ocal” (Oca), “Picudo” (Pdo), “Picual” (Pic), and two previous selection of our breeding program (Sel1 and Sel2). Progenies are shown in ascending order regarding the values of the Spanish cultivars used as parents (represented by stars).
Development of Disposable Carbon Nanofibers Electrodes Supported on Filters
Authors: Paramo Ana Erica , Palmero Susana , Heras Aranzazu , Colina Alvaro , Ibañez David 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this work is to develop simple and reproducible ways to fabricate carbon nanofibers (CNFs) electrodes. Disposable CNFs electrodes were fabricated after filtering CNFs through polytetrafluoroethylene filters (PTFE), using directly as electrodes these filters with the CNFs film. The electrochemical behaviour of CNFs/PTFE electrodes were tested with ferrocenemethanol and tris(2,2′‐bypyridyl)dichlororuthenium(II) (Ru(bipy)32+). As a proof of concept of the analytical usefulness of the CNFs/PFTE electrodes, the study of vitamin B12 was carried out. Multivariate calibrate has been successfully used to determine vitamin B12 in a complex medium with vitamins B1 and B6 as interferents.
Photo-enhanced toxicity of fluoranthene to Gulf of Mexico marine organisms at different larval ages and ultraviolet light intensities
Authors: Finch Bryson E. , Stubblefield William A. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Significant increases in toxicity have been observed as a result of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) absorption of ultraviolet (UV) radiation in aquatic organisms. Early life stage aquatic organisms are predicted to be more susceptible to PAH photo-enhanced toxicity as a result of their translucence and tendency to inhabit shallow littoral or surface waters. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the sensitivity of varying ages of larval mysid shrimp (Americamysis bahia), inland silverside (Menidia beryllina), sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus), and Gulf killifish (Fundulus grandis) to photo-enhanced toxicity and to examine the correlation between photo-enhanced toxicity and organism pigmentation. Organisms were exposed to fluoranthene and artificial UV light at different larval ages and results were compared using median lethal concentrations (LC50s) and the lethal time-to-death (LT50s). In addition, a high UV light intensity, short-duration (4-h) experiment was conducted at approximately 24 W/m2 of ultraviolet radiation A (UV-A) and compared with a low-intensity, long-duration (12-h) experiment at approximately 8 W/m2 of UV-A. The results indicated decreased toxicity with increasing age for all larval organisms. The amount of organism pigmentation was correlated with observed LC50 and LT50 values. High-intensity short-duration exposure resulted in greater toxicity than low-intensity long-duration UV treatments for mysid shrimp, inland silverside, and sheepshead minnow. Data from these experiments suggest that toxicity is dependent on age, pigmentation, UV light intensity, and fluoranthene concentration. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1113–1122. © 2015 SETAC