bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Latinoamérica, un camino hacia la prevención del deterioro cognitivo
Authors: Allegri Ricardo F. 
Published: August 2016

Las demencias se caracterizan por un deterioro adquirido y persistente de una o más capacidades cognitivas, generalmente asociado a alteraciones conductuales y de severidad suficiente para llevar a una pérdida de la autonomía. Las principales causas de demencias son la enfermedad de Alzheimer, las cerebrovasculares y otros tipos de demencias. La demencia es la tercera causa de carga de enfermedad para discapacidad y muerte en personas mayores de 65 años. El envejecimiento poblacional viene aumentando sostenidamente en los últimos años, siendo esta problemática mayor en los países en vías de desarrollo como sucede en Latinoamérica. © Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Sociales.
Orthodontically induced external apical root resorption in patients treated with fixed appliances vs removable aligners
Authors: Iglesias-Linares Alejandro , Sonnenberg Boris , Solano Beatriz , Yañez-Vico Rosa-Maria , Solano Enrique , Lindauer Steven J , Flores-Mir Carlos 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine whether orthodontic treatment with removable aligners vs fixed orthodontic appliances is associated with a different frequency of orthodontically induced external apical root resorption (OIEARR) when genetic, radiographic, and clinical factors are accounted for.
Materials and Methods: Three hundred seventy-two orthodontic patients treated with removable aligners (Invisalign) or fixed appliances were genetically screened for interleukin 1B gene (IL1B) (rs1143634), interleukin 1 receptor antagonist gene (IL1RN) (rs419598), and osteopontin gene (SPP1) (rs9138/rs11730582). Twelve clinical variables, potentially associated with OIEARR, were also considered. Subjects were divided according to the presence of radiographically determined OIEARR (&gt;2 mm). The association between OIEARR and appliance type, and radiographic, clinical and genetic factors, was assessed using backward stepwise conditional logistic regression. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported.
Results: Reliability of the methods was adequate. Clinical case complexity (American Board of Orthodontics [ABO] Discrepancy Index) (OR: 1.032; 95% CI: 1.005–1.061; P = .021) and extent of incisor apical displacement in the sagittal plane (OR: 1.478; 95% CI: 1.285–1.699; P = .001) were associated with an increased OIEARR risk. After adjusting for associations between clinical/radiographic/genetic factors, there were no statistically significant differences with respect to OIEARR or type of orthodontic appliance used, whether removable aligners or fixed appliances (OR: 1.662; 95% CI: 0.945–2.924; P = .078). Only subjects homozygous for the T allele of IL1RN (rs419598) were more prone to OIEARR during orthodontic treatment (OR: 3.121; CI: 1.93–5.03; P &lt; .001).
Conclusions: A similar OIEARR predisposition was identified using either removable aligners (Invisalign) or fixed appliances.
Effect of β-adrenergic agonists on lipolysis and lipogenesis by porcine adipose tissue in vitro
Authors: Peterla T. A. , Scanes C. G. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The effects of the β-adrenergic agonists isoproterenol, cimaterol, ractopamine and clenbuterol on lipolysis (release of glycerol and free fatty acids) and lipogenesis (incorporation of 14C into fatty acids from [14C]glucose) was examined in porcine adipose tissue explants in vitro. Lipolysis was stimulated by isoproterenol, cimaterol or ractopamine but not by clenbuterol. Insulin reduced the lipolytic effects of the β-adrenergic agonists (isoproterenol, cimaterol and ractopamine). Lipogenesis was inhibited by all β-adrenergic agonists tested (isoproterenol, cimaterol, ractopamine and clenbuterol). The antilipogenic effect of the β-adrenergic agonists was reduced by the presence of insulin in the incubation. Although effects of the different β-adrenergic agonists varied, all had some direct effects that could be expected to reduce adipose accretion. Effects of β-adrenergic agonists in the pig are due in part to direct effects on adipose tissue.
Effects of the ionophore tetronasin on nitrogen metabolism by ruminal microorganisms in vitro.
Authors: Newbold C. J. , Wallace R. J. , McKain N. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The effects of tetronasin on ruminal protein metabolism were investigated in vitro using ruminal fluid from cattle receiving tetronasin in the diet, ovine ruminal fluid from animals not receiving tetronasin and pure cultures of proteolytic ruminal bacteria. Ruminal fluid from cattle receiving tetronasin in a predominantly barley diet had lower proteolytic (76% of control, P < .10) and deaminative (58% of control, P < .05) activities than controls after 42 d. The effect of deamination disappeared after 84 d, although the proteolytic activity remained lower (P < .10) than that of controls. When tetronasin was added in vitro to ruminal fluid from sheep not receiving the ionophore, proteolytic activity (14C-labeled casein hydrolysis) was unaffected, but the rate of ammonia production from amino acids was decreased by 87% (P < .01). Oligopeptide breakdown was inhibited to a lesser extent (21%, P < .05). Dipeptidase activity (dialanine hydrolysis) was not affected. The addition of tetronasin to cultures of the ruminal bacteria Ruminobacter amylophilus and Bacteroides ruminicola had no influence on their protease, deaminase or dipeptidase activities. However, when the bacteria were adapted to grow in the presence of tetronasin, deamination of amino acids was severely inhibited (87 to 100%, P < .01), even when tetronasin was absent from the incubation mixture. Tetronasin had no effect on the proteolytic activity of adapted cultures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
THE EFFECT OF SORGHUM GRAIN VARIETY ON SITE AND EXTENT OF DIGESTION IN BEEF HEIFERS1,2
Authors: Streeter M. N. , Wagner D. G. , Hibberd C. A. , Owens F. N. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTo determine the effect of sorghum grain variety on site and extent of digestion, three pureline sorghum varieties (Darset, Dwarf Redlan, 1133) and a commercially purchased millrun sorghum grain were dry-rolled and fed in an 88% grain diet to Angus-Hereford heifers (230) kg) equipped with ruminal, duodenal and ileal T-type cannulas. Darset is a normal endosperm, high tannin, bird-resistant (BR) type (normal-BR); Dwarf Redlan is a waxy endosperm, low tannin, non-BR type (waxy); 1133 is a waxy endosperm, high tannin, BR type (waxy-BR). The millrun sorghum, representative of most commercial sorghum grain, was a normal endosperm, non-BR type (normal). Diets were fed at 2% of BW (DM basis) in a 4 × 4 latin square. Total tract starch digestibility was similar (P > .05) for all varieties, averaging 90.8%. Ruminal starch digestion tended to be greater (P = .13) for BR types (normal-BR, 75.2%; waxy-BR, 77.3%) than for non-BR types (normal, 68.7%; waxy, 74.1%). Starch digestibility prior to the cecum was greater (P < .10) for varieties with a waxy endosperm than for varieties with a normal endosperm (84.8 vs 78.6%). The large intestine tended to be more important (P < .10) as a site of starch digestion (% of total tract digestion) for varieties with a normal endosperm compared to varieties with a waxy endosperm (13.2 vs 7.2%). Total tract apparent non-NH3 N digestibility was greater (P < .01) for non-BR types than for BR types (66.4 vs 50.9%). Additionally, ruminal feed N disappearance was greater (P < .05) for non-BR than for BR types (50.1 vs 30.1%). Sorghum with a waxy endosperm tended to have increased postruminal N digestion. Nitrogen disappearance (% of total tract disappearance) was nearly complete by the ileum for all varieties (98.4%). Sorghum grain variety altered the site and extent of nutrient digestion in cattle.
Effects of dietary aluminum and phosphorus on magnesium metabolism in dairy calves2
Authors: Neathery M. W. , Crowe N. A. , Miller W. J. , Crowe C. T. , Varnadoe J. L. , Blackmon D. M. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The metabolism of Mg was studied in young dairy calves fed two levels of added Al (0 and .20% Al) and two levels of added P (0 and .22% P) for 7 wk. The four treatments were 1) normal P–low Al, 2) low P–low Al, 3) normal P–high Al and 4) low P–high Al. The basal diet (low P–low Al) contained, by analysis, .132% P, .021% Al and .17% Mg. Added Al did not affect (P > .10) serum Mg. An Al × P interaction on bone Mg was detected (P < .01). Magnesium was reduced in tibia shaft (.34 vs .44%) and in tibia joint (.43 vs .53%) in calves fed high Al in the presence of normal dietary P, but Mg was not reduced in the calves fed low-P diets. Apparent absorption of Mg was reduced by approximately five-fold (.18 g/d vs –.84 g/d, P < .01); urinary Mg excretion was reduced 31% (1.12 g/d vs .77 g/d, P < .01); and Mg retention declined 41% (−95 g/d vs –1.61 g/d, P < .01) in calves fed added Al. Compared with calves fed low-P diets, calves fed normal levels of P had a higher Mg concentration in tibia shaft (P < .01) and tibia joint (P < .05). The data indicate that supplemental Al may adversely affect Mg metabolism in calves.
Protein metabolism in chicken muscle cell cultures treated with cimaterol
Authors: Young R. B. , Moriarity D. M. , McGee C. E. , Farrar W. R. , Richter H. E. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Primary muscle cell cultures were prepared from the leg muscle of 12-d broiler chicken embryos. The partitioning agent cimaterol (10−6 to 10−10M) was added on d 1 and each day thereafter, and cells were studied after 7 d in culture. Cimaterol had no effect at any level either on the percentage of nuclei within multinucleated myotubes or on the total number of nuclei within myotubes. At 10−7M cimaterol, the quantity of the myofibrillar protein fraction was increased by 25.1 ± 8.0% (P <.05) and the quantity of myosin heavy chain was increased by 30.9 ± 4.5% (P < .05). To understand the basis for the increase in myofibrillar protein, the incorporation rate of [3H]Leu was measured in pulse labeling experiments. The apparent synthesis rate of the soluble protein fraction and the crude myofibrillar fraction was not significantly increased by cimaterol; however, cimaterol levels greater than 10−8M caused a 10 to 12% increase (P < .05) in the incorporation rate of [3H]Leu into myosin heavy chain. The effect of cimaterol on release of [3H]Leu from prelabeled protein also was assessed in pulse-chase experiments; the apparent rate of protein degradation was inhibited by 10 to 15% (P < .05) at the higher levels of cimaterol. Dot blot analysis indicated that the quantity of myosin heavy chain mRNA was elevated in cimaterol-treated cultures. Thus, the increased quantity of myofibrillar proteins in embryonic broiler muscle cell cultures is the combined result of a stimulation in the rate of protein synthesis and an inhibition in the rate of protein degradation.
Effect of sex and exogenous porcine somatotropin on longissimus muscle fiber characteristics of growing pigs.
Authors: Solomon M. B. , Campbell R. G. , Steele N. C. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Thirty-seven pigs with an initial live weight of 60 kg were used to investigate the effects of daily exogenous porcine somatotropin (pST) administration at two dose levels (0 and 100 µg·kg−1·d−1) for a 31-d period on muscle fiber characteristics and meat tenderness of boars, gilts and barrows. Excipient boars and gilts had more αW and fewer αR fibers than did those receiving pST. The percentage of muscle fiber type for barrows was not affected by pST treatment. The administration of pST resulted in an increase in muscle fiber size for all three fiber types in all three sexes, but these changes were of greater magnitude in barrows (31.8%) and gilts (27.8%) than in boars (9.3%). Somatotropin negated the intrinsic sex effect differences in fiber area of the pigs. There was no difference in tenderness among excipient boars, barrows and gilts; however, with the inclusion of pST, shear force decreased in boars and gilts and increased in barrows. A high proportion of the pST-treated pigs contained giant fibers in the longissimus muscle. Furthermore, a small proportion of the pST-treated pigs exhibited pale, soft, exudative muscle. Whether the giant fiber anomalies occurred through increased muscle activity or from fibers undergoing degenerative changes was not determined.
USING ForeCAT DEFLECTIONS AND ROTATIONS TO CONSTRAIN THE EARLY EVOLUTION OF CMEs
Authors: Kay C. , Opher M. , Colaninno R. C. , Vourlidas A. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
To accurately predict the space weather effects of the impacts of coronal mass ejection (CME) at Earth one must know if and when a CME will impact Earth and the CME parameters upon impact. In 2015 Kay et al. presented Forecasting a CME’s Altered Trajectory (ForeCAT), a model for CME deflections based on the magnetic forces from the background solar magnetic field. Knowing the deflection and rotation of a CME enables prediction of Earth impacts and the orientation of the CME upon impact. We first reconstruct the positions of the 2010 April 8 and the 2012 July 12 CMEs from the observations. The first of these CMEs exhibits significant deflection and rotation (34° deflection and 58° rotation), while the second shows almost no deflection or rotation (<3° each). Using ForeCAT, we explore a range of initial parameters, such as the CME’s location and size, and find parameters that can successfully reproduce the behavior for each CME. Additionally, since the deflection depends strongly on the behavior of a CME in the low corona, we are able to constrain the expansion and propagation of these CMEs in the low corona.
THE EVOLUTION OF METALLICITY AND METALLICITY GRADIENTS FROM z = 2.7 TO 0.6 WITH KMOS3D
Authors: Wuyts Eva , Wisnioski Emily , Fossati Matteo , Schreiber Natascha M. Förster , Genzel Reinhard , Davies Ric , Mendel J. Trevor , Naab Thorsten , Röttgers Bernhard , Wilman David J. , Wuyts Stijn , Bandara Kaushala , Beifiori Alessandra , Belli Sirio , Bender Ralf , Brammer Gabriel B. , Burkert Andreas , Chan Jeffrey , Galametz Audrey , Kulkarni Sandesh K. , Lang Philipp , Lutz Dieter , Momcheva Ivelina G. , Nelson Erica J. , Rosario David , Saglia Roberto P. , Seitz Stella , Tacconi Linda J. , Tadaki Ken-ichi , Übler Hannah , Dokkum Pieter van 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
We present measurements of the [N ii]/Hα ratio as a probe of gas-phase oxygen abundance for a sample of 419 star-forming galaxies at z = 0.6–2.7 from the KMOS3D near-IR multi-integral field unit (IFU) survey. The mass–metallicity relation (MZR) is determined consistently with the same sample selection, metallicity tracer, and methodology over the wide redshift range probed by the survey. We find good agreement with long-slit surveys in the literature, except for the low-mass slope of the relation at

, where this sample is less biased than previous samples based on optical spectroscopic redshifts. In this regime we measure a steeper slope than some literature results. Excluding the contribution from active galactic nuclei from the MZR reduces sensitivity at the high-mass end, but produces otherwise consistent results. There is no significant dependence of the [N ii]/Hα ratio on star formation rate at fixed redshift and stellar mass. The IFU data allow spatially resolved measurements of [N ii]/Hα, from which we can infer abundance gradients for 180 galaxies, thus tripling the current sample in the literature. The observed gradients are on average flat, with only 15 gradients statistically offset from zero at

. We have modeled the effect of beam smearing, assuming a smooth intrinsic radial gradient and known seeing, inclination, and effective radius for each galaxy. Our seeing-limited observations can recover up to 70% of the intrinsic gradient for the largest, face-on disks, but only 30% for the smaller, more inclined galaxies. We do not find significant trends between observed or corrected gradients and any stellar population, dynamical, or structural galaxy parameters, mostly in agreement with existing studies with much smaller sample sizes. In cosmological simulations, strong feedback is generally required to produce flat gradients at high redshift.
THE RELATION BETWEEN STELLAR AND DYNAMICAL SURFACE DENSITIES IN THE CENTRAL REGIONS OF DISK GALAXIES
Authors: Lelli Federico , McGaugh Stacy S. , Schombert James M. , Pawlowski Marcel S. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
We use the Spitzer Photometry and Accurate Rotation Curves (SPARC) database to study the relation between the central surface density of stars

Σ

⋆

(
0
)

and dynamical mass

Σ

dyn

(
0
)

in 135 disk galaxies (S0 to dIrr). We find that

Σ

dyn

(
0
)

correlates tightly with

Σ

⋆

(
0
)

over 4 dex. This central density relation can be described by a double power law. High surface brightness galaxies are consistent with a 1:1 relation, suggesting that they are self-gravitating and baryon dominated in the inner parts. Low surface brightness (LSB) galaxies systematically deviate from the 1:1 line, indicating that the dark matter contribution progressively increases but remains tightly coupled to the stellar one. The observed scatter is small (∼0.2 dex) and largely driven by observational uncertainties. The residuals show no correlations with other galaxy properties like stellar mass, size, or gas fraction.
Cytomegalovirus Infection during Pregnancy and Its Impact on the Intrauterine Fetal Development â€“ Case Report
Authors: Angelova Mariya Angelova , Kovachev Emil , Todorov Nikolai 
Published: August 2016

AIM: The aim of this publication is to present a case of CMV infection during pregnancy, with clinical manifestations of the development of microcephaly and simultaneous dilatation of the 3rd and 4th brain ventricle at 23 weeks gestation. This article discusses the role of ultrasound screening in the second trimester of pregnancy.CASE PRESENTATION: We present the case of a 25-year-old woman with the initials S.K. in her second pregnancy that came to our antenatal Consulting Centre. The first screening for blood count, blood group, biochemistry and serology showed results within the reference range. The patient came for a second comprehensive biochemical screening at 17 â€“ 18 weeks gestation. The results showed the low genetic risk of congenital anomalies. Fetal morphology of the fetus was normal. S.K. came again for consultation at 22 weeks gestation in connection with the admittance of her first 3-year-old child to the hospital because of pneumonia. Serological tests of the child had shown elevated CMV titer - specific IgM. Then we made new serological tests of the patient and the results have shown that the patient was most likely infected by CMV primarily in the first trimester of pregnancy. After consulting about the risk of transmission of CMV to the fetus, the woman chose monthly ultrasound scans and refused amniocentesis. At 36 weeks gestation, in addition to the microcephaly already established, enlargement of the IV brain ventricle at the expense of underdevelopment of the cerebellum was noticed. Also, 2nd to 3rd stage of placenta maturity and low quantity of amniotic fluid was established. A male fetus of weight 2,890 g and height 50 cm was delivered.Â Â The fetus was with skin petechiae and hepatosplenomegaly. Neurological examination showed no abnormalities.CONCLUSIONS: In the described case the time interval between infection and ultrasonic manifestations is more than 17 weeks. The long interval between infection and occurrence of ultrasound markers can be a good prediction sign, as it may reflect less aggressive viral infection than present in cases where similar ultrasound findings were obtained shortly after infection of the mother.
Influence of Pachymetry and Intraocular Pressure on Dynamic Corneal Response Parameters in Healthy Patients
Authors: Vinciguerra Riccardo , Elsheikh Ahmed , Roberts Cynthia J. , Ambrósio Renato , Kang David Sung Yong , Lopes Bernardo T. , Morenghi Emanuela , Azzolini Claudio , Vinciguerra Paolo 
Published: August 2016

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the influence of pachymetry, age, and intraocular pressure in normal patients and to provide normative values for all dynamic corneal response parameters (DCRs) provided by dynamic Scheimpflug analysis.

METHODS:
Seven hundred five healthy patients were included in this multicenter retrospective study. The biomechanical response data were analyzed to obtain normative values with their dependence on corrected and clinically validated intraocular pressure estimates developed using the finite element method (bIOP), central corneal thickness (CCT), and age, and to evaluate the influence of bIOP, CCT, and age.

RESULTS:
The results showed that all DCRs were correlated with bIOP except deflection amplitude (DefA) ratio, highest concavity (HC) radius, and inverse concave radius. The analysis of the relationship of DCRs with CCT indicated that HC radius, inverse concave radius, deformation amplitude (DA) ratio, and DefA ratio were correlated with CCT (rho values of 0.343, −0.407, −0.444, and −0.406, respectively). The age group subanalysis revealed that primarily whole eye movement followed by DA ratio and inverse concave radius were the parameters that were most influenced by age. Finally, custom software was created to compare normative values to imported examinations.

CONCLUSIONS:
HC radius, inverse concave radius, DA ratio, and DefA ratio were shown to be suitable parameters to evaluate in vivo corneal biomechanics due to their independence from IOP and their correlation with pachymetry and age. The creation of normative values allows the interpretation of an abnormal examination without the need to match every case with another normal patient matched for CCT and IOP.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2016;32(8):550–561.]
Comparison of Simulated Keratometric Changes Following Wavefront-Guided and Wavefront-Optimized Myopic Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Lee Wen-Shin , Manche Edward E. 
Published: August 2016

PURPOSE:
To determine the relationship between change in simulated keratometry and corrected refractive error in both wavefront-guided and wavefront-optimized myopic photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), and to determine whether there is a difference in this relationship between these two ablation profiles.

METHODS:
Sixty-eight patients received wavefront-guided PRK in one eye and wavefront-optimized PRK in the contralateral eye. The changes in simulated keratometry and corresponding refractive changes for both were determined at 1 year postoperatively. Linear regression was employed to calculate the slope of change in simulated keratometry (ΔK) for change in refractive error (ΔSE) for both wavefront-guided and wavefront-optimized PRK and compared. The mean ratio ΔK/ΔSE was also calculated for both wavefront-guided and wavefront-optimized PRK and compared.

RESULTS:

There was no significant difference in the ratio of ΔK to ΔSE between wavefront-optimized and wavefront-guided PRK by both linear regression modeling and comparison of the mean ratio ΔK/ΔSE. Linear regression modeling revealed that the ratio of ΔK/ΔSE was greater for small amounts of change in refractive error and smaller for large amounts of change in refractive error. This trend was only statistically significant for the wavefront-optimized group when comparing the means of the ratio ΔK/ΔSE (
P
= .0287).

CONCLUSIONS:
The change in corneal curvature induced for a given degree of refractive correction was similar for both wavefront-optimized and wavefront-guided PRK. For both, a proportionally smaller amount of corneal flattening was required for larger degrees of refractive correction compared to smaller degrees.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2016;32(8):542–548.]