bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Discourses of Sonthonax’s Mission in Saint-Domingue: The Coda to the Abolition of Slavery
Authors: Gutarra Dannelle 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Cette recherche analyse les discours qui ont propulsé la mission de Léger-Félicité Sonthonax dans la colonie de Saint-Domingue depuis 1792 à 1794. Cette étude explore la stratégie de l’expédition de Sonthonax et Étienne Polverel, les relations de pouvoir avec les groupes sociaux de la colonie et la causalité de l’abolition de l’esclavage. Cette enquête est en grande partie basé sur des sources primaires disponible dans la Collection Nemours de Histoire haïtienne de la Bibliothèque José M. Lázaro de la Université de Puerto Rico, Campus de Río Piedras; cette collection fournit une sélection varié de documents officiels et proclamations concernant l’expédition de Sonthonax et Polverel. Cette recherche considère aussi plusieurs documents disponibles dans la Bibliothèque Nationale de France. Ces sources primaires permis une rumination centrée sur les idées et les tropes de la politique d’émancipation et sur les relations coloniales qui distinguent cet épisode historique bref mais très influent.
The Vietnamization of Personalism: The Role of Missionaries in the Spread of Personalism in Vietnam, 1930–1961
Authors: Nguyen Phi Vân 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Lorsque l’État associé du Vietnam acquit son indépendance et qu’un référendum établit une République du Vietnam après son regroupement au sud du 17ème parallèle, le personnalisme communautaire devint l’idéologie maîtresse du gouvernement de Ngô Đình Diệm. Plusieurs observateurs critiques de l’époque dénigrèrent ce personnalisme comme une pâle imitation de la pensée originelle d’Emmanuel Mounier. L’objectif de cet article est de montrer, au travers du parcours intellectuel de deux missionnaires, Alexis Cras et Fernand Parrel, comment le personnalisme français s’est transformé pour devenir une pensée politique proprement vietnamienne.
Sero-detection of Toxocara canis infection in human with T.canis recombinant arginine kinase, cathepsin L-1 and TES-26 antigens
Authors: Varghese Anju , Raina Opinder K. , Chandra Dinesh , Mirdha Bijay R. , Kelawala Naresh H. , Solanki Jayesh B. , Kumar Niranjan , Ravindran Reghu , Arun Anandanarayanan , Rialch Ajayta , Lalrinkima Hniang , Kelawala Rohan N. , Samanta Subhamoy 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThree recombinant antigens
An Instant Update on Telomeres and Telomerase
Authors: Hoh Yin Kiong 
Published: October 2017

The DNA sequence of Tetrahymena telomeres was the first to be determined among all telomeres by Elizabeth Blackburn and Joseph Gall in 1978. In 1982, Jack Szostak and Blackburn showed that the unique DNA sequence contained in the telomeres served to protect the chromosomes from degradation. In 1985, Carol Greider and Blackburn showed how the telomeres could be elongated by the enzyme telomerase. These discoveries are milestones marking the start of the molecular era of telomere biology. Telomeres occur at the ends of chromosomes, like the plastic sheaths at the ends of shoelaces. The significance of telomere research was recognized by the award of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Blackburn, Szostak, and Greider in 2009.
Although the award of the Nobel Prize is undoubtedly one of the most exciting events in the history of telomere biology, it by no means signals that we have reached the peak of telomere research. Research on telomeres and telomerase is still moving at a very rapid pace, and new findings about telomere functions and the underlying mechanisms are unveiled daily. This paper reviews the early work as well as recent advances in the field.
El rock: de la rebelde autenticidad a la forma-mercancía
Authors: Stornaiolo Pimentel Alfredo 
Published: October 2017

El rock and roll nació de los blues en los años cincuenta en los Estados Unidos. A su vez, los blues habían surgido de las work songs, los field hollers y los spirituals que entonaban los esclavos en las plantaciones sureñas para expresar oraciones, lamentos y deseos de libertad mientras se rompían el alma trabajando. A mediados de los cincuenta, Chuck Berry y Little Richard lo inventaron, sin embargo, un blanco, Elvis Presley, sería “el Rey” interpretando música negra para un mercado blanco. No obstante, a fines de la década, esta música declinaba en Estados Unidos mientras que en Gran Bretaña nacía, también de los blues, un ritmo trascendente, con estatus de arte que sedifundiría por el mundo transformado en mercancía. Sin embargo, el rock and roll supo mantener su autenticidad, su aura.
Konsep dan Implementasi Pembangunan Pertanian Berkelanjutan di Indonesia
Authors: Rivai Rudy Sunarja , Anugrah Iwan Setiajie 
Published: October 2017

<p><strong>English</strong><br />Sustainable development including that of agriculture is all of the countries’ commitment to implement. Previous development implementation focused on economic progress resulting in environmental degradation and social problems. Sustainable development approach is basically development activities integrating economic, social, and environmental aspects. However, this concept is not fully implemented by all of the countries as depicted in the agreement. It is indicated by many problems related with environmental degradation and natural resources deprivation. Implementation of sustainable agricultural development deals with some constraints especially in developing countries including in Indonesia. One of the main constraints in Indonesia is interest conflict among sectors leading to separated implementation. Sustainable development concept is a multi-dimensional approach implemented through integrated program among sectors both at central and regional levels.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Pembangunan berkelanjutan termasuk pembangunan pertanian berkelanjutan merupakan komitmen negara-negara dunia yang harus dipatuhi dan dilaksanakan. Pelaksanaan pembangunan pada masa lalu yang hanya menekankan tujuan kemajuan ekonomi telah berdampak kepada kerusakan lingkungan dan timbulnya masalah sosial. Pendekatan pembangunan berkelanjutan pada hekekatnya adalah kegiatan pembangunan yang memadukan aspek ekonomi, sosial dan lingkungan. Namun demikian dalam implementasi-nya konsep ini belum dilaksanakan oleh semua negara sesuai kesepakatan. Hal ini tercermin dari masih banyaknya ditemukan masalah-masalah yang berkaitan dengan kerusakan lingkungan dan degradasi sumber daya alam. Masih banyak dijumpai permasalahan dalam implementasi pembangunan pertanian berkelanjutan terutama di negara yang sedang berkembang termasuk Indonesia. Di Indonesia, salah satu penyebab yang menonjol adalah adanya ego sektoral yang menyebabkan pelaksanaan menjadi tersekat. Konsep pembangunan berkelanjutan bersifat multi dimensi sehingga dalam implementasinya harus merupakan program terpadu lintas sektor dan multi disiplin pada tingkat pusat dan/atau daerah.</p>
Perspektif Global Penelitian untuk Pembangunan: Antisipasi Lingkungan Strategis dan Agenda R&D Pertanian
Authors: Rusastra I Wayan 
Published: October 2017

<p><strong>English</strong><br />In the globalization context the perspective contribution and redefinition of agricultural sector are changing. The multifunctional roles and inclusiveness of agriculture become stronger with their ultimate goals as a source of growth and employment, food security enhancement and poverty alleviation, as well as sustaining natural resources and agricultural development. Two fundamental global trends to take into account are inter-temporal strategic environment and anticipative agricultural R&amp;D for development. Global strategic environment consists of biofuel development, climate change, sustainable agriculture, gender mainstreaming, and food-fuel-financial crises. On the other hand, the anticipative agricultural R&amp;D global to get more attention is international trade transparency, technology role and food demand, incentive and investment reformation, structural transformation, and the harmonization of food security and food sovereignty development. Both aspects should be adapted and synergized in the thematic program planning and priority setting of agricultural research for development. The end target is the relevancy and effectiveness of agricultural research and achievement of agricultural development.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Dalam perspektif global, telah terjadi pergeseran kontribusi dan redifinisi peran multifungsi sektor pertanian. Urgensi tentang multifungsi dan inklusifitas peran sektor pertanian semakin menguat, dengan sasaran sebagai sumber pertumbuhan dan kesempatan kerja, ketahanan pangan dan pengentasan kemiskinan, pelestarian sumberdaya dan keberlanjutan pembangunan pertanian. Dua perkembangan fundamental global yang perlu dipertimbangkan adalah dinamika lingkungan strategis dan R&amp;D pertanian untuk pembangunan. Dinamika lingkungan strategis global mencakup pengembangan biofuel, perubahan iklim, pertanian berkelanjutan, pengarusutamaan gender, serta krisis energi, pangan, dan finansial global. Sementara itu antisipasi R&amp;D pertanian global yang perlu dipertimbangkan adalah transparansi perdagangan, peran iptek dan kebutuhan pangan, reformasi insentif dan investasi, transformasi struktural, serta harmonisasi ketahanan pangan dan kedaulatan pangan. Kedua aspek tersebut perlu diadaptasikan dan disinergikan dalam perumusan program tematik dan penetapan skala prioritas R&amp;D pertanian untuk pembangunan. Sasaran akhirnya adalah relevansi dan efektifitas R&amp;D dan keberhasilan pembangunan pertanian nasional.</p>
Harvesting and Climate Effects on Organic Matter Characteristics in British Columbia Coastal Forests
Authors: Preston C.M. , Trofymow J.A. , Niu J. , Fyfe C.A. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTAs part of investigations into the effects of harvesting old‐growth forest, we characterized carbon in five organic matter pools in eight forest chronosequences of coastal British Columbia. Each chronosequence comprised stands in four seral stages from regeneration (3–8 yr) to old‐growth (>250 yr), with second‐growth stands mostly of harvest origin. Stands were located in two biogeoclimatic subzones with contrasting climate (wetter, slightly cooler conditions on the west coast of Vancouver Island than on the east). Carbon concentrations in fine woody debris (FWD), forest floor (LFH), fine roots from LFH, and two water‐floatable fractions from 10 to 30 cm mineral soil (MIN‐ROOT, 2–8 mm and MIN‐FLOAT, <2 mm) showed no significant effects due to climate, seral stage, or site. There were some significant differences in N concentrations, but none related to seral stage. Carbon‐13 cross‐polarization with magic‐angle spinning (CPMAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra with principal component analysis of relative areas also showed little harvesting effect, but greater variation related to input of coarse woody debris (CWD) vs. roots high in tannin. Overall, there tended to be more spectral features associated with wood and lignin in the west; whereas some MIN‐ROOT samples from the drier east side had aromatic intensity attributed to charcoal. The minimal effects of one harvest on organic matter are most likely due to the large legacy effect; however, more intensive management will probably result in less CWD retention, less charcoal input, and less microsite variability in these pools of poorly decomposed organic matter.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Studies of Flow and Transport in Porous Media
Authors: Chen Quan , Kinzelbach Wolfgang , Oswald Sascha 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTNuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI) methods for visualization of fluid flow and transport in porous media are reviewed in this paper. They are illustrated with experiments showing applications of velocity imaging, NMRI measurements of multiphase flow, and NMRI measurements of density flow. The latter two are compared with numerical simulations. The examples show the capacity of NMRI to give structural information both of the medium and the fluid distributions as well as their temporal development. The resulting data can be used in a black box–white box comparison and as benchmarks for numerical models.
Variations of Permeability and Pore Size Distribution of Porous Media with Pressure
Authors: Chen Quan , Kinzelbach Wolfgang , Ye Chaohui , Yue Yong 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTPorosity and permeability of porous and fractured geological media decrease with the exploitation of formation fluids such as petroleum, natural gas, or ground water. This may result in ground subsidence and a decrease of recovery of petroleum, natural gas, or ground water. Therefore, an evaluation of the behavior of permeability and porosity under formation fluid pressure changes is important to petroleum and ground water industries. This study for the first time establishes a method, which allows for the measurement of permeability, porosity, and pore size distribution of cores simultaneously. From the observation of the pore size distribution by low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation time spectrometry the mechanisms of pressure‐dependent porosity and permeability change can be derived. This information cannot be obtained by traditional methods. As the large‐size pores or fractures contribute significantly to the permeability, their change consequently leads to a large permeability change. The contribution of fractures to permeability is even larger than that of pores. Thus, the permeability of the cores with fractures decreased more than that of cores without fractures during formation pressure decrease. Furthermore, it did not recover during formation pressure increase. It can be concluded that in fractures, mainly plastic deformation takes place, while matrix pores mainly show elastic deformation. Therefore, it is very important to keep an appropriate formation fluid pressure during the exploitation of ground water and petroleum in a fractured formation.
Real‐Time, High‐Resolution Quantitative Measurement of Multiple Soil Gas Emissions
Authors: Milligan D.B. , Wilson P.F. , Mautner M.N. , Freeman C.G. , McEwan M.J. , Clough T.J. , Sherlock R.R. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTA new technique is presented for the rapid, high‐resolution identification and quantification of multiple trace gases above soils, at concentrations down to 0.01 μL L−1 (10 ppb). The technique, selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT–MS), utilizes chemical ionization reagent ions that react with trace gases but not with the major air components (N2, O2, Ar, CO2). This allows the real‐time measurement of multiple trace gases without the need for preconcentration, trapping, or chromatographic separation. The technique is demonstrated by monitoring the emission of ammonia and nitric oxide, and the search for volatile organics, above containerized soil samples treated with synthetic cattle urine. In this model system, NH3 emissions peaked after 24 h at 2000 nmol m−2 s−1 and integrated to approximately 7% of the urea N applied, while NO emissions peaked about 25 d after urine addition at approximately 140 nmol m−2 s−1 and integrated to approximately 10% of the applied urea N. The monitoring of organics along with NH3 and NO was demonstrated in soils treated with synthetic urine, pyridine, and dimethylamine. No emission of volatile nitrogen organics from the urine treatments was observed at levels >0.01% of the applied nitrogen. The SIFT method allows the simultaneous in situ measurement of multiple gas components with a high spatial resolution of <10 cm and time resolution <20 s. These capabilities allow, for example, identification of emission hotspots, and measurement of localized and rapid variations above agricultural and contaminated soils, as well as integrated emissions over longer periods.
Industrial Impact on Marsh Soils at the Bahia Blanca Ria, Argentina
Authors: Andrade Maria Luisa , Reyzabal Maria Luisa , Marcet Purificacion , Montero Maria Jose 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTThe Bahía Blanca Estuary is located in southern Buenos Aires province, Argentina. The area is linked to a petrochemical industrial complex, whose raw materials and final products contaminate the surrounding areas via atmospheric pollution and effluents, which are dumped in the estuary waters. To establish the effects of the industrial waste disposal on the nearest coastal soils, 17 samples were taken at different distances from the loading dock and the outfall pipes of the industrial complex. Later, the physicochemical characteristics of the soil samples, their hydrocarbon contents, sulfides, sulfates, Zn, Cu, and Pb were analyzed and a comparison was made to control samples, which were not affected by the industrial outfall. Hydrocarbons, Zn, Cu, and Pb contents were found at levels that modified the physical and chemical characteristics of the soils. The resistance to penetration shows that the thinner the film of water that surrounds the particles or aggregates, the smaller the migration of organic micelle, which settle on the surface of the contact material. This is demonstrated by the degree of cohesion reached by the particles and the strong influence on the index of hydrophobicity. The high porosity shows that the continuity of the porous space of the soil matrix is impeded by the presence of pollutants, which generate areas that are highly limiting to water flow. The oxidation–reduction potential and the low concentrations of soluble forms of Cu and Pb compared with their concentrations precipitated as sulfides confirm the action of the pollutants.
Leaching from Organic Matter–Rich Soils by Rain of Different Qualities
Authors: Strand L. T. , Abrahamsen G. , Stuanes A. O. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTSoil monoliths from an area exposed to acid precipitation and from an unpolluted area were used in a lysimeter experiment to study effects of different rain qualities on the chemical composition of the leachate from shallow soils rich in organic matter. The vegetation was either dominated by moorgrass [Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench] or heather [Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull]. The lysimeters received either “acid rain” (pH 4.3) or “normal rain” (pH 5.3). High concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were characteristic of the leachate. The different “rain” qualities had no significant influence on the DOC concentration. More DOC was, however, leached from lysimeters with heather vegetation. Roughly 50% of the aluminum (Al) was in complex with organic material and the Al charge was calculated to be between +1.4 and +2.0. Sulfate (SO2−4) was the only component that was significantly influenced by the treatment, as more was leached from lysimeters receiving “acid rain.” Sulfate was poorly correlated with pH, suggesting that reduced SO2−4 input would not necessarily lead to reduced acidity. Differences in the pH of the leachate due to the treatments were less than 0.15 pH units. Nitrate (NO−3) was only leached in very low concentrations and of little consequence for the leachate acidity. Some observations do, however, suggest that NO−3 may contribute to acidification in episodes with high precipitation. High concentrations of Cl− in the leachate and a significant positive correlation between Cl−, H+, and base cations indicate that sea salt episodes may be important for soil acidification and acidity of the leachate.
Simulating Interactive Effects of Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation, Carbon Dioxide Elevation, and Climatic Change on Legume Growth
Authors: Yu Mei , Gao Q. , Shaffer M. J. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTThe underlying mechanisms of interaction between the symbiotic nitrogen‐fixation process and main physiological processes, such as assimilation, nutrient allocation, and structural growth, as well as effects of nitrogen fixation on plant responses to global change, are important and still open to more investigation. Appropriate models have not been adequately developed. A dynamic ecophysiological model was developed in this study for a legume plant [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] growing in northern China. The model synthesized symbiotic nitrogen fixation and the main physiological processes under variable atmospheric CO2 concentration and climatic conditions, and emphasized the interactive effects of these processes on seasonal biomass dynamics of the plant. Experimental measurements of ecophysiological quantities obtained in a CO2 enrichment experiment on soybean plants, were used to parameterize and validate the model. The results indicated that the model simulated the experiments with reasonable accuracy. The R2 values between simulations and observations are 0.94, 0.95, and 0.86 for total biomass, green biomass, and nodule biomass, respectively. The simulations for various combinations of atmospheric CO2 concentration, precipitation, and temperature, with or without nitrogen fixation, showed that increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration, precipitation, and efficiency of nitrogen fixation all have positive effects on biomass accumulation. On the other hand, an increased temperature induced lower rates of biomass accumulation under semi‐arid conditions. In general, factors with positive effects on plant growth tended to promote each other in the simulation range, except the relationship between CO2 concentration and climatic factors. Because of the enhanced water use efficiency with a higher CO2 concentration, more significant effects of CO2 concentration were associated with a worse (dryer and warmer in this study) climate.
Effects of Arsenic Concentrations and Forms on Arsenic Uptake by the Hyperaccumulator Ladder Brake
Authors: Tu Cong , Ma Lena Q. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTLadder brake (Pteris vittataL.) is a newly discovered arsenic hyperaccumulator. No information is available about arsenic effects on ladder brake. This study determined the effects of different arsenic concentrations (50 to 1000 mg kg−1) or forms (organic vs. inorganic and arsenite vs. arsenate) applied to soils on growth and arsenic uptake by ladder brake. Young plants were grown in a greenhouse for 12 or 18 wk. Ladder brake was highly tolerant of arsenic and survived in soil containing up to 500 mg As kg−1The fact that addition of arsenate up to 100 mg As kg−1increased fern biomass by 64 to 107%, coupled with higher arsenic concentration in younger fronds at low soil arsenic concentrations and older fronds at high soil arsenic concentrations, implies that arsenic may be beneficial for fern growth. Addition of 50 mg As kg−1was best for fern growth and arsenic accumulation, resulting in the highest fern biomass (3.9 g plant−1), bioconcentration factor (up to 63), and translocation factor (up to 25). With an exception of FeAsO4and AlAsO4, which had the lowest effects due to their low solubility, little difference was observed among other arsenic forms mainly because of arsenic conversion in soil. Aboveground biomass was mostly responsible for accumulation of arsenic by plant (75–99%). Up to 26% of the added arsenic was removed by ladder brake, showing the high efficiency of ladder brake in arsenic removal. The results suggest that ladder brake may be a good candidate to remediate arsenic‐contaminated soils.