bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deciphering the Molecular Effects of Mutations on ATRX Cause ATRX Syndrome: A Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Palaniappan Chandrasekaran , Ramalingam Rajasekaran 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTα‐thalassemia mental retardation X‐linked (ATRX) syndrome is caused by the dysfunction of ATRFfigX protein. The present study explored the structural consequences influenced by two observed mutations V194I and C220R on ADD domain of ATRX protein by applying all atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. MD result showed that both the mutants exhibited wide variations in their backbone dynamics, as a result, mutant V210I showed complete distortion on α3 and the mutant C220R displayed a biased disruption on α2‐3. The interference in the local folding of α‐helices in both the mutants resulted by the loss of hydrogen bonds mediated by the backbone atoms. Principle component analysis (PCA) elucidated that both the mutants endured a diverse conformational dynamics, consequently adopted thermodynamically different conformational state. Besides, binding residues in both the mutants showed more structural disorder, thereby unable to recognize the hallmark modification, K9me3 (tri‐methylated lysine at position 9) of histone H3 peptide and it was not conducive for the wild type ADD domain like functionality. Altogether, our findings provide knowledge to understand the structural and functional relationship of disease‐associated mutations, V194I and C220R on ADD domain as well as gain further insights into the molecular pathogenesis of ATRX syndrome. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3318–3327, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Suicide Risk Among BDSM Practitioners: The Role of Acquired Capability for Suicide
Authors: Brown Sarah L. , Roush Jared F. , Mitchell Sean M. , Cukrowicz Kelly C. 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveBondage and discipline, dominance and submission, and sadomasochism (BDSM) practitioners are at increased risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors. We hypothesized the association between (a) lifetime frequency of BDSM‐related sexual behaviors and (b) BDSM identification and suicide attempt status would be mediated by acquired capability components (i.e., fearlessness about death and pain tolerance). Gender differences were examined.MethodParticipants were 576 BDSM practitioners (meanage = 28.71; 66.7% male) recruited from online BDSM‐related groups, cross‐sectionally.ResultsAmong males, the total indirect effect of acquired capability components in the relation between BDSM‐related sexual behaviors and suicide attempt status was significant. The specific indirect effect of perceived pain tolerance in the relation between both BDSM‐related sexual behaviors and BDSM identification and suicide attempt status was significant. There were no significant effects for females. Additionally, 12% reported a suicide attempt history.ConclusionAmong males, BDSM‐related sexual behaviors and BDSM identification were associated with increased acquired capability components, which were positively associated with suicide attempt status.
Conditions on Ramsey Nonequivalence
Authors: Axenovich Maria , Rollin Jonathan , Ueckerdt Torsten 
Published: March 2017

AbstractGiven a graph H, a graph G is called a Ramsey graph of H if there is a monochromatic copy of H in every coloring of the edges of G with two colors. Two graphs G, H are called Ramsey equivalent if they have the same set of Ramsey graphs. Fox et al. (J Combin Theory Ser B 109 (2014), 120–133) asked whether there are two nonisomorphic connected graphs that are Ramsey equivalent. They proved that a clique is not Ramsey equivalent to any other connected graph. Results of Nešetřil et al. showed that any two graphs with different clique number (Combinatorica 1(2) (1981), 199–202) or different odd girth (Comment Math Univ Carolin 20(3) (1979), 565–582) are not Ramsey equivalent. These are the only structural graph parameters we know that “distinguish” two graphs in the above sense. This article provides further supportive evidence for a negative answer to the question of Fox et al. by claiming that for wide classes of graphs, the chromatic number is a distinguishing parameter. In addition, it is shown here that all stars and paths and all connected graphs on at most five vertices are not Ramsey equivalent to any other connected graph. Moreover, two connected graphs are not Ramsey equivalent if they belong to a special class of trees or to classes of graphs with clique‐reduction properties.
Comparison of readout‐segmented and conventional single‐shot for echo‐planar diffusion‐weighted imaging in the assessment of kidney interstitial fibrosis
Authors: Friedli Iris , Crowe Lindsey Alexandra , de Perrot Thomas , Berchtold Lena , Martin Pierre‐Yves , de Seigneux Sophie , Vallée Jean‐Paul 
Published: March 2017

PurposeTo compare readout‐segmented echo‐planar imaging (EPI) (RESOLVE) to single‐shot EPI (ss‐EPI) diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) for the assessment of renal interstitial fibrosis.Materials and MethodsA phantom, eight healthy volunteers (under 30 years to avoid age‐fibrosis related) and 27 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients (scheduled for kidney biopsy) were scanned (at 3T) with ss‐EPI and 5‐shot RESOLVE DWI (resolution: 2 × 2 × 5 mm3, 10 b‐values). The cortico‐medullary difference for each DW parameter from a monoexponential fit (ΔADC) or, segmented biexponential fit (ΔD, ΔD*, ΔFp) were compared between both sequences. A fibrosis threshold of 40% was defined to separate all 35 subjects into low and high fibrosis groups. The linear relationship between DW parameters and percentage fibrosis (up to 80%) from Masson trichrome was assessed with the Pearson product‐moment correlation coefficient. Fisher Z‐transform was used for R2 correlation comparison.ResultsA coefficient of variation between ADCs of 3% was measured between both sequences in the phantom. In healthy volunteers, no significant difference was measured for all DW parameters. Both sequences separated low to high level of fibrosis with a significant decrease of ΔADC (RESOLVE P = 3.1 × 10‐6, ss‐EPI P = 0.003) and ΔD (RESOLVE P = 8.2 × 10‐5, ss‐EPI P = 0.02) in the high level of fibrosis. However, RESOLVE ΔADC had a stronger negative correlation (P = 0.04 for R2 comparison) with fibrosis than ss‐EPI ΔADC (RESOLVE R2 = 0.65, P = 5.9 × 10‐9, ss‐EPI R2 = 0.29, P = 8.9 × 10‐4). ΔD (RESOLVE) was correlated (moderately) with fibrosis (R2 = 0.29, P = 9.2 × 10‐4); however, ΔD* and ΔFp did not show, in our population, a significant correlation with interstitial fibrosis (0.01 < R2 < 0.08).ConclusionΔADC derived from both sequences correlated with fibrosis. ΔADC from RESOLVE showed better correlation with fibrosis than ΔADC from ss‐EPI and therefore has potential to monitor CKD.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:1631–1640.
Diffusion kurtosis imaging for differentiating borderline from malignant epithelial ovarian tumors: A correlation with Ki‐67 expression
Authors: Li Hai Ming , Zhao Shu Hui , Qiang Jin Wei , Zhang Guo Fu , Feng Feng , Ma Feng Hua , Li Yong Ai , Gu Wei Yong 
Published: March 2017

PurposeTo investigate the use of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) in differentiating borderline from malignant epithelial ovarian tumors (MEOTs) and to correlate DKI parameters with Ki‐67 expression.Materials and MethodsFifty‐two consecutive patients with epithelial ovarian tumors (17 borderline epithelial ovarian tumors, BEOTs; 35 MEOTs) were prospectively evaluated using DKI with b values of 0, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, and 2500 s/mm2 and standard diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) with b values of 0 and 1000 s/mm2 using a 1.5T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) unit. The kurtosis (K) and diffusion coefficient (D) from DKI and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) from standard DWI were measured, compared, and correlated with Ki‐67 expression between the two groups. Statistical analyses were performed using the Mann–Whitney U‐test, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and Spearman's correlation.ResultsThe K value was significantly lower in BEOTs than in MEOTs (0.55 ± 0.09 vs. 0.9 ± 0.2), while the D and ADC values were significantly higher in BEOTs than in MEOTs (2.27 ± 0.35 vs. 1.39 ± 0.37 and 1.72 ± 0.36 vs. 1.1 ± 0.25, respectively) (P < 0.001). For differentiating between BEOTs and MEOTs, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 88.2%, 94.3%, and 92.3% for K value; 88.2%, 91.4%, and 90.4% for D value; and 88.2%, 88.6%, and 88.5% for ADC value, respectively. However, there were no differences in the diagnostic performances among the three parameters above (K vs. ADC, P = 0.203; D vs. ADC, P = 0.148; K vs. D, P = 0.904). The K value was positively correlated with Ki‐67 expression (r = 0.699), while the D and ADC values were negatively correlated with Ki‐67 expression (r = –0.680, –0.665, respectively).ConclusionPreliminary findings demonstrate that DKI is an alternative tool for differentiating BEOTs from MEOTs, and is correlated with Ki‐67 expression. However, no added value is found for DKI compared with standard DWI.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:1499–1506.
Molecular Architecture and Enhanced Thermal Stability of Electrospun Poly(ε‐caprolactone)/Aminopropyl Isobutyl Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Hybrid Fibers
Authors: Grim Zachary B. , Bauer Adam J. P. , Li Lingyao , Li Bingbing 
Published: March 2017

Polymer‐based electrospun fibers have been intensively studied as antimicrobial membranes, drug carriers, and energetic materials. Inorganic fillers or small molecules have been routinely added into polymer matrices in order to enhance product functions. However, the electrospinning process is kinetically controlled and solvent rapidly evaporates due to the large surface‐to‐volume ratio of spinning liquid jet. When electrospinning a multicomponent system, complex phase behavior may occur and give rise to interesting internal structures of resulting products. Such kinetically driven phenomena deserve more attention for optimizing product performance. Here, electrospun poly(ε‐caprolactone)(PCL)/aminopropyl‐heptaisobutyl‐polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (AMPOSS) fibers with AMPOSS content up to 30 wt% are studied as a model system to understand the impact of kinetically controlled phase separation on the fibers' internal structure, properties, and thermal stability. With sufficient AMPOSS loading, the hybrid fibers are found to have an AMPOSS‐shell/PCL‐core structure. The thermal stability of the as‐spun PCL/AMPOSS fibers is therefore greatly enhanced.
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Templated, Macroporous PEG‐DA Hydrogels and Their Potential Utility as Tissue Engineering Scaffolds
Authors: Gacasan Erica G. , Sehnert Rebecca M. , Ehrhardt Daniel A. , Grunlan Melissa A. 
Published: March 2017

Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEG‐DA) hydrogels have been widely utilized to investigate cell–material interactions and as scaffolds for tissue engineering. Traditionally, PEG‐DA hydrogels are prepared via the UV‐cure of aqueous precursor solutions, but afford a limited range of pore size and interconnectivity that is essential for cellular proliferation and neotissue formation. To overcome these limitations, macroporous PEG‐DA hydrogels are prepared in this study using a combination of solvent‐induced phase separation (SIPS) and a fused salt template. PEG‐DA concentration in the organized fabrication solvent (20, 30, and 40 wt%) and average salt particle size (≈180, ≈270, and ≈460 μm) are varied and the resulting hydrated hydrogel morphology, swelling, mechanical properties, and degradation are characterized. These templated SIPS PEG‐DA hydrogels broaden PEG‐DA hydrogel properties and, in some cases, afford a series of compositions whose properties are decoupled.
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The role of inoculum and reactor configuration for microbial community composition and dynamics in mainstream partial nitritation anammox reactors
Authors: Agrawal Shelesh , Karst Søren M. , Gilbert Eva M. , Horn Harald , Nielsen Per H. , Lackner Susanne 
Published: March 2017

AbstractImplementation of partial nitritation anammox (PNA) in the mainstream (municipal wastewater treatment) is still under investigation. Microbial community structure and reactor type can influence the performance of PNA reactor; yet, little is known about the role of the community composition of the inoculum and the reactor configuration under mainstream conditions. Therefore, this study investigated the community structure of inocula of different origin and their consecutive community dynamics in four different lab‐scale PNA reactors with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. These reactors were operated for almost 1 year and subjected to realistic seasonal temperature fluctuations as in moderate climate regions, that is, from 20°C in summer to 10°C in winter. The sequencing analysis revealed that the bacterial community in the reactors comprised: (1) a nitrifying community (consisting of anaerobic ammonium‐oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB), ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria (AOB), and nitrite‐oxidizing bacteria (NOB)); (2) different heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria and other putative heterotrophic bacteria (HB). The nitrifying community was the same in all four reactors at the genus level, although the biomasses were of different origin. Community dynamics revealed a stable community in the moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR) in contrast to the sequencing batch reactors (SBR) at the genus level. Moreover, the reactor design seemed to influence the community dynamics, and reactor operation significantly influenced the overall community composition. The MBBR seems to be the reactor type of choice for mainstream wastewater treatment.
In vivo MRI of the human finger at 7 T
Authors: Laistler Elmar , Dymerska Barbara , Sieg Jürgen , Goluch Sigrun , Frass‐Kriegl Roberta , Kuehne Andre , Moser Ewald 
Published: March 2017

PurposeTo demonstrate a dedicated setup for ultrahigh resolution MR imaging of the human finger in vivo.MethodsA radiofrequency coil was designed for optimized signal homogeneity and sensitivity in the finger at ultrahigh magnetic field strength (7 T), providing high measurement sensitivity. Imaging sequences (2D turbo‐spin echo (TSE) and 3D magnetization‐prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo (MPRAGE)) were adapted for high spatial resolution and good contrast of different tissues in the finger, while keeping acquisition time below 10 minutes. Data was postprocessed to display finger structures in three dimensions.Results3D MPRAGE data with isotropic resolution of 200 µm, along with 2D TSE images with in‐plane resolutions of 58 × 78 µm2 and 100 × 97 µm2, allowed clear identification of various anatomical features such as bone and bone marrow, tendons and annular ligaments, cartilage, arteries and veins, nerves, and Pacinian corpuscles.ConclusionUsing this dedicated finger coil at 7 T, together with adapted acquisition sequences, it is possible to depict the internal structures of the human finger in vivo within patient‐compatible measurement time. It may serve as a tool for diagnosis and treatment monitoring in pathologies ranging from inflammatory or erosive joint diseases to injuries of tendons and ligaments to nervous or vascular disorders in the finger. Magn Reson Med 79:588–592, 2018. © 2017 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Five‐Component Self‐Assembly of Cucurbituril‐Based Hetero‐pseudorotaxanes
Authors: Carvalho Cátia Parente , Domínguez Zoe , Domínguez Cristina , El‐Sheshtawy Hamdy S. , Silva José Paulo Da , Arteaga Jesús F. , Pischel Uwe 
Published: March 2017

Abstract[5]Pseudorotaxanes can be obtained by self‐sorting using heteroditopic guests and various cucurbituril homologues as hosts. The assembly and chemically induced disassembly of the pseudorotaxanes can be monitored by measuring the fluorescence of the anthracene guest in solution. Mass spectral evidence for the supramolecular assemblies is obtained in the gas phase. The disassembly in the gas phase can be achieved by collision‐induced dissociation leading to the corresponding [2]‐ and [3]pseudorotaxanes.
Preparation and properties of an efficient smoke suppressant and flame‐retardant agent for thermoplastic polyurethane
Authors: Jiao Chuanmei , Wang Hongzhi , Zhang Zuobin , Chen Xilei 
Published: March 2017

APP@ETA, as a new type of flame retardant, was prepared by chemically modifying ammonium polyphosphate (APP) with ethanolamine (ETA) and applied to thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) in this study. Then, the smoke suppression properties and flame‐retardant effects of APP@ETA in TPU composites were evaluated using smoke density test, cone calorimeter test, etc. And, the thermal degradation properties of flame‐retardant TPU composites were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry. The smoke density test results indicated that APP@ETA could obviously improve the luminous flux of TPU composites in the test with or without flame. The cone calorimeter test results showed that total smoke release, smoke production rate and smoke factor of the composites with APP@ETA were significantly decreased than those of the composites with APP. For example, when the loading of APP@ETA or APP was 12.5 wt%, the total smoke release of the sample with APP@ETA decreased to 3.5 m2/m2from 6.0 m2/m2, which was much lower than that of the sample with APP, reduced by 41.7%. The thermogravimetric analysis results demonstrated that APP@ETA could decrease the initial decomposition temperature and improve the thermal stability at high temperature for TPU composites. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determinants of quality of life outcomes for survivors of pediatric brain tumors
Authors: Barrera Maru , Atenafu Eshetu G. , Schulte Fiona , Bartels Ute , Sung Lillian , Janzen Laura , Chung Joanna , Cataudella Danielle , Hancock Kelly , Saleh Amani , Strother Douglas , McConnell Dina , Downie Andrea , Hukin Juliette , Zelcer Shayna 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroductionTo describe the quality of life (QOL) of pediatric brain tumor survivors (PBTSs) prospectively and to identify potential medical, personal and family contextual factors associated with QOL.MethodsNinety‐one PBTSs (8–16 years) who were off treatment and attending a regular classroom participated. Self‐ and caregiver‐proxy–reported on QOL at baseline, 2 and 8 months. At baseline, cognitive, executive function, attention and memory, medical and demographics information were attained.ResultsSignificant improvements over time in PBTS's emotional QOL were self‐ and proxy‐reported (P < 0.01) and global QOL proxy‐reported (P = 0.04). Receiving cranial irradiation therapy (CIT) and poor behavioral regulation predicted poor global QOL scores reported by both informants (P < 0.017). Poor behavioral regulation also predicted poor self‐reported school functioning, and poor proxy‐reported emotional and social QOL (P < 0.037). Boys reported better emotional QOL (P = 0.029), and PBTSs over 11 years old were reported to have better emotion and school‐related QOL. Finally, being non‐White and having low income predicted poor self‐reported global and emotional QOL (P = 0.041).ConclusionsReceiving CIT, having poor behavioral regulation, being a female, under 11 years old and coming from low‐income, non‐White families place PBTSs at risk for poor QOL.
Bronchiectasis following treatment for high‐risk neuroblastoma: A case series
Authors: Adams Madeleine , Traunecker Heidi , Doull Iolo , Cox Rachel 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHigh‐risk (HR) neuroblastoma remains a very challenging disease to treat and long‐term cure is only possible with intensive, multimodal treatment including chemotherapy, high‐dose therapy, radiotherapy, surgery, and immunotherapy. As a result, treatment‐related morbidity and late effects are common in survivors. This report outlines a case series of six patients who developed a chronic productive cough following treatment for HR neuroblastoma. High‐resolution computed tomography scanning confirmed the diagnosis of bronchiectasis. Two of the patients who have undergone immunological testing demonstrate hypogammaglobulinaemia and impaired vaccine response. Persistent cough in patients treated for neuroblastoma warrants investigation and consideration of immunological referral.
Circulating Tumor Cells as a Marker for Progression‐free Survival in Metastatic Castration‐naïve Prostate Cancer
Authors: Josefsson Andreas , Linder Anna , Flondell Site Despina , Canesin Giacomo , Stiehm Anna , Anand Aseem , Bjartell Anders , Damber Jan‐Erik , Welén Karin 
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUNDAnalysis of circulating tumor cells (CTC) is a promising prognostic marker in castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The aim of this study was to investigate CTC detection and phenotyping as prognostic biomarkers for response to primary androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) of metastatic prostate cancer (PC).METHODSPC patients presenting with a prostate specific antigen (PSA) >80 ng/ml and/or metastatic disease, intended for ADT were enrolled in the study. CTCs were analysed for expression of PSA prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) before and three months after ADT and related to progression.RESULTSAt inclusion, 46 out of 53 patients (87%) were CTC‐positive with a sensitivity and specificity for distant metastases (M1) of 98% and 75%, respectively. In patients with M1‐disease, EGFR‐detection in CTC was an independent prognostic marker for progression‐free survival, whereas PSA and alkaline phosphatase serum levels, Gleason score, or T‐stage were not. EGFR‐positive patients had significantly shorter time to progression (5 months) compared to EGFR‐negative patients (11 months) (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSIn this explorative study, CTCs were detected in 98% of M1 patients and detection of EGFR in CTCs was strongly associated with poor outcome, which indicated that phenotypical analysis of CTC could be a promising prognostic marker of ADT‐response in castration‐naïve metastatic PC patients. Prostate 77:849–858, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polyomavirus microRNAs circulating in biological fluids during viral persistence
Authors: Martelli Francesco , Giannecchini Simone 
Published: March 2017

SummaryIncreasing evidence suggests that microRNA‐mediated gene silencing, detected during exosome intercellular communication between cells, may be exploited by persistent human viruses. Recently, it has been reported that human polyomaviruses encode microRNAs that downregulate large T expression and target host factors, helping the virus to escape immune elimination. Consequently, viral microRNAs and their genetic variability may have roles in the induction of polyomavirus reactivation, the success of persistence or replication and the development of diseases. In vitro experiments have detected polyomavirus JC (JCPyV) microRNAs in exosomes obtained from cell supernatants after viral infection and showed that they can be carried into uninfected cells. JCPyV and BKPyV microRNAs have been sought in clinical samples obtained from patients with or at risk of severe polyomavirus‐associated diseases and from healthy subjects. Variable expressions of JCPyV and BKPyV microRNAs circulating in blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid samples were found in patients who were polyomavirus DNA positive and were also observed in negative subjects. Differences in the relationship between the JCPyV and BKPyV microRNA expressions and viral DNA load have been observed. All the data point towards a potential role of polyomavirus exosome microRNAs in viral persistence and suggest that further work is warranted to define their role in viral reactivation and to identify potential new antiviral strategies targeting these viruses.