bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lembah Elqui / Valle de Elqui / Elqui Valley
Authors: Campbell Ian 
Published: May 2017

The three versions of Ian Campbell’s poem about Valle de Elqui (in Chile) presented here comprise a poem he first wrote in Spanish, then in English and finally in a more powerful version in Indonesian, which was published in 2012 in the literary pages of the Jakarta mass media daily Kompas. Campbell regards this whole process as emblematic of his explorations in trilingual poetics, namely what does a ‘concept’/poem idea look like if done in the three languages with which he has some degree of written knowledge or fluency: English, Spanish, Indonesian. This mirrors the ‘three-pronged’ title ‘Selatan-Sur-South’ that he adopted for the collection of his poetry in PORTAL vol. 5, no. 1, 2008. The Indonesian version, ‘Lembah Elqui, ‘was included in Campbell’s poetry and prose collection Tak ada Peringatan (Vivid Publishing, 2013). In each version now the reference is to Gabriela Mistral (1889-1957), Nobel Prize Laureate for Literature (1945), whose burial place lies in Monte Grande in the Valle de Elqui in northern Chile.
The Effect of Absorbable Calcium Sulfate on Wear Rates in Ultra-high–Molecular-weight Polyethylene: Potential Implications for Its Use in Treating Arthroplasty Infections
Authors: Lewicki Kathleen , Prioreschi Brandon , Koenig Karl , Keeney Benjamin , Bartelstein Meredith , Moucha Calin , Van Citters Douglas 
Published: May 2017

Introduction:
Patients, hospitals, and healthcare systems incur substantial burdens when infections result in total joint revisions. One potential solution to mitigate some of these burdens may be to transition from a two-stage infection treatment to a single-stage procedure. Off-label use of an absorbable calcium sulfate antibiotic carrier has been implemented in single-stage and two-stage procedures globally, with the goal of moving toward more single-stage revisions in the United States. Adverse effects of calcium sulfate on the joint space during articulation are currently unknown.

Methods:
This study aims to determine the impact of calcium sulfate beads on wear of polyethylene during and following exposure. Two phases of in vitro pin-on-disk testing were conducted. The first phase exposed polyethylene pins to calcium sulfate for 500,000 cycles of a 2-million cycle test. The second phase examined the wear of pins that were created from retrieved components exposed to calcium sulfate in vivo.

Results:
No clinically significant difference was observed between the wear rates of the calcium sulfate–exposed polyethylene pins and the control polyethylene pins.

Discussion:
Preliminary results suggest that a substantial increase in the wear rate of polyethylene is not expected with the addition of calcium sulfate beads during treatment of infection.
Genome-wide analysis of WRKY transcription factors in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and differential expression under water deficit condition
Authors: Ning Pan , Liu Congcong , Kang Jingquan , Lv Jinyin 
Published: May 2017

Background
WRKY proteins, which comprise one of the largest transcription factor (TF) families in the plant kingdom, play crucial roles in plant development and stress responses. Despite several studies on WRKYs in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), functional annotation information about wheat WRKYs is limited.

Results
Here, 171 TaWRKY TFs were identified from the whole wheat genome and compared with proteins from 19 other species representing nine major plant lineages. A phylogenetic analysis, coupled with gene structure analysis and motif determination, divided these TaWRKYs into seven subgroups (Group I, IIa–e, and III). Chromosomal location showed that most TaWRKY genes were enriched on four chromosomes, especially on chromosome 3B. In addition, 85 (49.7%) genes were either tandem (5) or segmental duplication (80), which suggested that though tandem duplication has contributed to the expansion of TaWRKY family, segmental duplication probably played a more pivotal role. Analysis of cis-acting elements revealed putative functions of WRKYs in wheat during development as well as under numerous biotic and abiotic stresses. Finally, the expression of TaWRKY genes in flag leaves, glumes, and lemmas under water-deficit condition were analyzed. Results showed that different TaWRKY genes preferentially express in specific tissue during the grain-filling stage.

Conclusion
Our results provide a more extensive insight on WRKY gene family in wheat, and also contribute to the screening of more candidate genes for further investigation on function characterization of WRKYs under various stresses.
Anhanguerataxonomy revisited: is our understanding of Santana Group pterosaur diversity biased by poor biological and stratigraphic control?
Authors: Pinheiro Felipe L. , Rodrigues Taissa 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundAnhanguerids comprise an important clade of pterosaurs, mostly known from dozens of three-dimensionally preserved specimens recovered from the Lower Cretaceous Romualdo Formation (northeastern Brazil). They are remarkably diverse in this sedimentary unit, with eight named species, six of them belonging to the genusAnhanguera. However, such diversity is likely overestimated, as these species have been historically diagnosed based on subtle differences, mainly based on the shape and position of the cranial crest. In spite of that, recently discovered pterosaur taxa represented by large numbers of individuals, including juveniles and adults, as well as presumed males and females, have crests of sizes and shapes that are either ontogenetically variable or sexually dimorphic.MethodsWe describe in detail the skull of one of the most complete specimens referred toAnhanguera, AMNH 22555, and use it as a case study to review the diversity of anhanguerids from the Romualdo Formation. In order to accomplish that, a geometric morphometric analysis was performed to assess size-dependent characters with respect to the premaxillary crest in the 12 most complete skulls bearing crests that are referred in, or related to, this clade, almost all of them analyzed first hand.ResultsGeometric morphometric regression of shape on centroid size was highly statistically significant (p = 0.0091) and showed that allometry accounts for 25.7% of total shape variation between skulls of different centroid sizes. Premaxillary crests are both taller and anteroposteriorly longer in larger skulls, a feature consistent with ontogenetic growth. A new diagnosis is proposed forAnhanguera, including traits that are nowadays known to be widespread within the genus, as well as ontogenetic changes. AMNH 22555 cannot be referred to “Anhanguera santanae” and, in fact, “Anhanguera santanae”, “Anhanguera araripensis”, and “Anhanguera robustus” are here considerednomina dubia.DiscussionHistorically, minor differences in crest morphology have been used in the definition of new anhanguerid species. Nowadays, this practice resulted in a considerable difficulty in referring well-preserved skulls into known taxa. When several specimens are analyzed, morphologies previously believed to be disparate are, in fact, separated by a continuum, and are thus better explained as individual or temporal variations. Stratigraphically controlled excavations on the Romualdo Formation have showed evidence for faunal turnover regarding fish communities. It is thus possible that some of the pterosaurs from this unit were not coeval, and might even represent anagenetic morphotypes. Unfortunately, amateur collecting of Romualdo Formation fossils, aimed especially at commerce, resulted in the lack of stratigraphic data of virtually all its pterosaurs and precludes testing of these further hypotheses.
Lagrangian coherent structures in the thermosphere: Predictive transport barriers
Authors: Wang N. , Ramirez U. , Flores F. , Datta‐Barua S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLagrangian coherent structures (LCSs) in the time‐varying flow of the upper atmosphere are found. The Horizontal Wind Model 2014 (HWM14) is used to simulate the neutral winds of the thermosphere at 150, 250, and 350 km altitude, for quiet and active geomagnetic conditions. Then LCS analysis of HWM14 winds at 100 km altitude is used to investigate space shuttle water vapor plume transport. LCSs are found to exist in the lower thermosphere but are more prominent at 250 km and 350 km, at 40°–80° latitudes on the dayside. Ionosphere‐thermosphere coupling manifests in the response of thermospheric LCSs to geomagnetic activity. The LCSs shift equatorward and eastward, developing a more complex topology in the apparent form of two cells in the Northern Hemisphere high‐latitude zone. We also show for the first time that the LCS demarcates the high‐latitude boundary of shuttle plume observations after 48 h of transport.
European and Mediterranean hydroclimate responses to tropical volcanic forcing over the last millennium
Authors: Rao M. P. , Cook B. I. , Cook E. R. , D'Arrigo R. D. , Krusic P. J. , Anchukaitis K. J. , LeGrande A. N. , Buckley B. M. , Davi N. K. , Leland C. , Griffin K. L. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractVolcanic eruptions have global climate impacts, but their effect on the hydrologic cycle is poorly understood. We use a modified version of superposed epoch analysis, an eruption year list collated from multiple data sets, and seasonal paleoclimate reconstructions (soil moisture, precipitation, geopotential heights, and temperature) to investigate volcanic forcing of spring and summer hydroclimate over Europe and the Mediterranean over the last millennium. In the western Mediterranean, wet conditions occur in the eruption year and the following 3 years. Conversely, northwestern Europe and the British Isles experience dry conditions in response to volcanic eruptions, with the largest moisture deficits in posteruption years 2 and 3. The precipitation response occurs primarily in late spring and early summer (April–July), a pattern that strongly resembles the negative phase of the East Atlantic Pattern. Modulated by this mode of climate variability, eruptions force significant, widespread, and heterogeneous hydroclimate responses across Europe and the Mediterranean.
Tuning of AcurosXB source size setting for small intracranial targets
Authors: Gardner Stephen J. , Lu Siming , Liu Chang , Wen Ning , Chetty Indrin J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis study details a method to evaluate the source size selection for small field intracranial stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) deliveries in Eclipse treatment planning system (TPS) for AcurosXB dose calculation algorithm. Our method uses end‐to‐end dosimetric data to evaluate a total of five source size selections (0.50 mm, 0.75 mm, 1.00 mm, 1.25 mm, and 1.50 mm). The dosimetric leaf gap (DLG) was varied in this analysis (three DLG values were tested for each scenario). We also tested two MLC leaf designs (standard and high‐definition MLC) and two delivery types for intracranial SRS (volumetric modulated arc therapy [VMAT] and dynamic conformal arc [DCA]). Thus, a total of 10 VMAT plans and 10 DCA plans were tested for each machine type (TrueBeam [standard MLC] and Edge [high‐definition MLC]). Each plan was mapped to a solid water phantom and dose was calculated with each iteration of source size and DLG value (15 total dose calculations for each plan). To measure the dose, Gafchromic film was placed in the coronal plane of the solid water phantom at isocenter. The phantom was localized via on‐board CBCT and the plans were delivered at planned gantry, collimator, and couch angles. The planned and measured film dose was compared using Gamma (3.0%, 0.3 mm) criteria. The vendor‐recommended 1.00 mm source size was suitable for TrueBeam planning (both VMAT and DCA planning) and Edge DCA planning. However, for Edge VMAT planning, the 0.50 mm source size yielded the highest passing rates. The difference in dose calculation among the source size variations manifested primarily in two regions of the dose calculation: (1) the shoulder of the high‐dose region, and (2) for small targets (volume ≤ 0.30 cc), in the central portion of the high‐dose region. Selection of a larger than optimal source size can result in increased blurring of the shoulder for all target volume sizes tested, and can result in central axis dose discrepancies in excess of 10% for target volumes sizes ≤ 0.30 cc. Our results indicate a need for evaluation of the source size when AcurosXB is used to model intracranial SRS delivery, and our methods represent a feasible process for many clinics to perform tuning of the AcurosXB source size parameter.
Flexible polyurethane foams synthesized employing recovered polyols from glycolysis: Physical and structural properties
Authors: Simón D. , de Lucas A. , Rodríguez J. F. , Borreguero A. M. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTPolyurethane (PU) is one of the most important polymers with a global production of 17.565 million tons, which makes its recycling an urgent task. Besides, the main goal of PU recycling is to recover constituent polyol as a valuable raw material that allows to obtain new PU with suitable properties. Split‐phase glycolysis can be considered the most interesting PU recycling process since provides high‐quality recovered products in terms of polyol purity. The aim of this work was to evaluate several recovered polyols as replacement of the raw flexible polyether polyol in the synthesis of new flexible PU foams. These recovered polyols come from the split‐phase glycolysis of different types of PU foams and employing as cleavage agents diethylene glycol or crude glycerol (biodiesel byproduct). The influence of the foam waste type and of the cleavage agent on the foams properties was analyzed. The recovered polyols were evaluated by performing several foaming tests according to the method of free expansion foaming of conventional flexible foam. Synthesized flexible foams containing different proportions of recovered polyols were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy, density and tensile properties; obtaining similar and sometimes even better values compared to the foams manufactured from commercial polyols. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45087.
Preparation and characterization of starch‐based composite films reinforced by corn and wheat hulls
Authors: Ali Amjad , Yu Long , Liu Hongsheng , Khalid Saud , Meng Linghan , Chen Ling 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTBiodegradable films, with starch as a matrix, were developed and reinforced with wheat and corn hulls. The effect of the particle size of the filler on the microstructure and mechanical and barrier properties of starch‐based films was investigated. We observed that the addition of hulls enhanced the modulus, tensile strength, and impact strength of the starch matrix at the expense of its elongation. The water‐vapor transmission rate results show that corn starch was more efficient in reducing the water‐vapor permeability than wheat hulls. Scanning electron microscopy observations indicated that the compatibility of both fillers with the matrix was quite good; this was expected because all of the components used in this study were hydrophilic and exhibited polar behavior. Optical microscopy and X‐ray diffraction observations indicated that the processing conditions did not affect the crystalline and geometric structures of the hulls. Because all of the components used in this study were from food resources, the films could also be used for edible packaging. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45159.
One‐pot synthesis, characterization, and field emission investigations of composites of polypyrrole with graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, and graphene nanoribbons
Authors: Harpale Kashmira V. , Bansode Sanjeewani R. , More Mahendra A. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTPyrrole monomer was polymerized by a chemical oxidative route in the presence of graphene oxide (GO), reduced GO (rGO), and graphene nanoribbons (GNR) separately to prepare composites of polypyrrole (PPy) as PPy–GO, PPy–rGO, and PPy–GNR, respectively. The morphological, chemical, and structural characterization of the as‐synthesized products was carried out using scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Field emission studies of the PPy–GO, PPy–rGO, and PPy–GNR emitters were performed at the base pressure of 1 × 10−8 mbar in a planar “diode” configuration. The turn‐on field values, corresponding to an emission current density of 1 µA/cm2, are observed to be 1.5, 2.2, and 0.9 V/µm for the PPy–GO, PPy–rGO, and PPy–GNR emitters, respectively. The maximum emission current density of 2.5 mA/cm2 is drawn from PPy–GO at an applied electric field of 3.2 V/µm, 1.2 mA/cm2 at 3.6 V/µm from the PPy–rGO, and 8 mA/cm2 at 2.2 V/µm from the PPy–GNR emitters. All of the composites exhibit good emission stability over more than 2 h. The results indicate the potential for a facile route for synthesizing composites of conducting polymers and graphene‐based materials, with enhanced functionality. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45170.
Improvement of storage stability and physicochemical properties by addition of benzoguanamine in melamine‐formaldehyde resin synthesis
Authors: Henriques Ana , Paiva Nádia , Bastos Margarida , Martins Jorge , Carvalho Luísa , Magalhães Fernão D. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTThe improvement of melamine‐formaldehyde resin storage stability was achieved using benzoguanamine as partial replacement of melamine during synthesis (up to 15% substitution of melamine). The results showed that when benzoguanamine is added in the later stages of reaction, the resulting resins have improved storage stability (4 days or more, compared to 1 day in unmodified melamine‐formaldehyde resin). High‐pressure laminates produced with décor paper impregnated with the new developed resins showed surface properties equivalent to those obtained using commercial melamine‐formaldehyde resins. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45185.
Particle Size Control during Ultrasonic Cooling Crystallization of Paracetamol
Authors: Gielen Bjorn , Claes Thomas , Janssens Jonas , Jordens Jeroen , Thomassen Leen C. J. , Gerven Tom Van , Braeken Leen 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe effect of ultrasound on the crystal size during cooling crystallization of paracetamol was investigated. Sonication was enabled in three distinct stages to define the operating guidelines for crystal size control. In addition, it was identified whether size reduction results from a higher amount of nuclei upon primary nucleation or from enhanced secondary nucleation. The results show that tuning of the ultrasonic power density and exposure time after nucleation results in crystal sizes between 70 and 140 µm. In contrast, the use of ultrasound before nucleation does not affect the size, indicating enhanced secondary nucleation as the main mechanism. Finally, sonication after complete desupersaturation reduces the crystal size by about 30 µm but causes surface erosion.
Do patients have worse outcomes in heart failure than in cancer? A primary care‐based cohort study with 10‐year follow‐up in Scotland
Authors: Mamas Mamas A. , Sperrin Matthew , Watson Margaret C. , Coutts Alasdair , Wilde Katie , Burton Christopher , Kadam Umesh T. , Kwok Chun Shing , Clark Allan B. , Murchie Peter , Buchan Iain , Hannaford Philip C. , Myint Phyo K. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimsThis study was designed to evaluate whether survival rates in patients with heart failure (HF) are better than those in patients with diagnoses of the four most common cancers in men and women, respectively, in a contemporary primary care cohort in the community in Scotland.Methods and resultsData were obtained from the Primary Care Clinical Informatics Unit from a database of 1.75 million people registered with 393 general practices in Scotland. Sex‐specific survival modelling was undertaken using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for potential confounders. A total of 56 658 subjects were eligible for inclusion in the study. These represented a total of 147 938 person‐years of follow‐up (median follow‐up: 2.04 years). In men, HF (reference group; 5‐year survival: 55.8%) had worse mortality outcomes than prostate cancer [hazard ratio (HR) 0.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.57–0.65; 5‐year survival: 68.3%], and bladder cancer (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.81–0.96; 5‐year survival: 57.3%), but better outcomes than lung cancer (HR 3.86, 95% CI 3.65–4.07; 5‐year survival: 8.4%) and colorectal cancer (HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.16–1.31; 5‐year survival: 48.9%). In women, HF (reference group; 5‐year survival: 49.5%) had worse mortality outcomes than breast cancer (HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.51–0.59; 5‐year survival 77.7%), but better outcomes than colorectal cancer (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.13–1.29; 5‐year survival 51.5%), lung cancer (HR 3.82, 95% CI 3.60–4.05; 5‐year survival 10.4%), and ovarian cancer (HR 1.98, 95% CI 1.80–2.17; 5‐year survival 38.2%).ConclusionsDespite advances in management, HF remains as ‘malignant’ as some of the common cancers in both men and women.
Tracheostomy as a bridge to spontaneous breathing and awake‐ECMO in non‐transplant surgical patients
Authors: Swol J , Strauch JT , Schildhauer TA 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimsThe tracheostomy is a frequently used procedure for the respiratory weaning of ventilated patients allows sedation free ECLS use in awake patient. The aim of this study is to assess the possibility and highlight the benefits of lowering the impact of sedation in surgical non‐transplant patients on ECLS. The specific objective was to investigate the use of tracheostomy as a bridge to spontaneous breathing on ECLS.Methods and resultsOf the 95 patients, 65 patients received a tracheostomy, and 5 patients were admitted with a tracheostoma. One patient was cannulated without intubation, one is extubated during ECLS course after 48 hours. 4 patients were extubated after weaning and the removal of ECLS. 19 patients died before the indication to tracheostomy was given.ConclusionTracheostomy can bridge to spontaneous breathing and awake‐ECMO in non‐transplant surgical patients. The “awake ECMO” strategy may avoid complications related to mechanical ventilation, sedation, and immobilization and provide comparable outcomes to other approaches for providing respiratory support.
Experimental study on fire behaviors of external thermal insulation composite system under vertical radiation
Authors: Xu Lei , Zhou Yong , Li Kaiyuan , Liu Changcheng , Cheng Xudong 
Published: May 2017

SummaryUsing a vertical thermal radiator, we perform a set of experiments on the external thermal insulation composite system (ETICS) and pure extruded polystyrene (XPS). Several important parameters, including time to ignition, mass loss, and sample temperature, were measured. The combustion degree of XPS used during the experiments was B1 and B2. Results show that the whole burning process can be divided into 3 typical stages. Because of the protection effect of the outer layer of ETICS, the burning process of ETICS was noticeably different from that of pure XPS. The experimental results indicated that the protection effect of the outer layer weakened the difference between B1 and B2 flame‐retardant XPS. The time to ignition was increased under the effect of outer layer, while the core material (XPS) was easier to be ignited when the outer layer falls out. The research results are useful to the theoretical and numerical study on the fire characteristics of foamed polymer under vertical thermal radiation condition.