bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are we able to influence cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis?
Authors: Davidescu E.I. , Nicolae S.A. , Buraga I. , Tudose C. , Popa N. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionMultiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic neurologic disease affecting young people. Cognitive dysfunction is an important part of disability, interfering with quality of life (QoL). Disease modifying therapies (DMT) are gold standard of long-term treatment in MS.ObjectivesAssessment of DMT impact on evolution of cognitive dysfunction.AimsTo analyze the cognitive status in a lot of 74 patients with MS, with a mean age of 40.4 years, treated with different DMT in the National Health Program.MethodsTesting patients during 2014–2015 for cognitive dysfunction, by applying MMSE, Sunderland Clock Test, Beck Depression Inventory, Fatigue Impact Scale and QoL Short form-36 scores every 6 months; analyzing demographic, clinical and magnetic resonance imagery (MRI) data.ResultsThirty-six percent of lot showed memory and concentration changes (12 patients with secondary progressive MS, 15 with relapsing-remitting MS); mean age of these patients was 46.29 years, with a mean period of evolution of the disease of 9.8 years before starting DMT; cortical atrophy was present on MRI in 37% of these patients. Mean age of those who didn’t present cognitive disturbances was 37.01 years, with a mean period of evolution of 6.2 years before starting DMT. Disturbances appeared independently of the presence of cortical atrophy, as this marker appeared in 5% of patients with no cognitive dysfunction.ConclusionsWhen starting DMT, age and time of evolution of the disease are essential for further developing of cognitive dysfunction. Mood and anxiety disturbances can be a prodromal marker of neurocognitive troubles. DMT have neuroprotective outcome in MS.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The effect of interpersonal multisensory stimulation on the self-face recognition in adults with autistic syndrome disorder
Authors: Deltort N. , Cazalets J.R. , Amestoy A. , Bouvard M. 
Published: May 2016

Studies on individuals without developmental disorder show that mental representation of self-face is subject to a multimodal process in the same way that the representation of the self-body is. People with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) have a particular pattern of face processing and a multimodal integration deficit.The objectives of our study were to evaluate the self-face recognition and the effect of interpersonal multisensory stimulation (IMS) in individuals with ASD. We aimed to show a self-face recognition deficit and a lack of multimodal integration among this population.IMS consisted of the presentation of a movie displaying an unfamiliar face being touched intermittently, while the examiner applied the same stimulation synchronously or asynchronously on the participant. The effect resulting from IMS was measured on two groups with or without ASD by a self-face recognition task on morphing movies made from self-face and unfamiliar-face pictures.There was a significant difference between groups on self-recognition before stimulation. This result shows a self-face recognition deficit in individuals with ASD. Results for the control group showed a significant effect of IMS on self-face recognition in synchronous condition. This suggests the existence of an update of self-face mental representation by multimodal process. In contrast, there was no significant effect of IMS demonstrated in ASD group, suggesting a multimodal integration deficit for the constitution of self-representation in this population.Our results show the existence of a self-face recognition deficit in individuals with ASD, which may be linked to a lack of multimodal integration in the development of the self-face representation.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Sex differences in the neural basis of theory of mind during development
Authors: Frank C. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionTheory of mind (ToM) is the ability to predict behaviors of others in terms of their underlying mental states. It is carried out in order to make sense of and predict behavior. Impairments in ToM have been found in many psychiatric/neurological disorders including schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders. Previous research has indicated sex difference in ToM development. Previous research has also found some differences in the neural basis of ToM.Objectives/aimsAn objective/aim of the present study was to examine possible sex differences in the neural mechanism associated with ToM development. Another objective was to examine the neural basis of ToM that is shared by both sexes throughout development.MethodsThirty-two adults (16 women) and 24 children (12 girls) were assessed with fMRI while performing a false belief (FB) task.ResultsDuring the ToM relative to non-ToM condition, adults and children of both sexes showed increased activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ). Both boys and girls recruited more brain regions than adults. Moreover, children employed structures involved in the human mirror neuron system (hMNS) more than adults. More specifically, boys recruited the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) more than men, while girls recruited the precentral gyrus more than women.ConclusionsThese results suggest that boys/men and girls/women employ different brain regions for ToM during development.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Relationship between executive functions and adherence to antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients
Authors: Hernández Huerta D. , Parro Torres C. , Madoz Gúrpide A. , Ochoa Mangado E. , Pérez Elias M.J. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionHIV-related damage of the central nervous system is manifested in varying severity of neurocognitive disturbances. Research on measures of executive functioning has confirmed that HIV infection is associated with progressive difficulties in these abilities. Moreover, several studies in recent years have shown that an impaired cognitive function confers a higher risk of poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy.Objectives/AimsThe aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between executive functions and ART compliance.MethodsWe designed a cross-sectional case-control survey. Cases were defined as HIV-infected patients who missing at least 10% intakes in the last year (reported by hospital pharmacy) and self-reported non-adherence by Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire (SMAQ). Controls were defined as HIV-infected patients who accomplishing at least last 95% intakes in the last year (reported by hospital pharmacy), and self-reported adherence by SMAQ. Patients with adherences between 90–95% were not included. Executive functions were evaluated with Wisconsin Sorting Card Test. Linear regression was employed as statistical analysis. Results were adjusted for follow-up years. Wisconsin score was already adjusted for gender, age and education level when data were corrected.ResultsOur sample was compound by 63 patients: 37 controls and 26 cases. A statistical signification (P < 0.05) was found for total correct, total errors, perseverative responses, perseverative errors, conceptual level responses and trials to complete first category score between adherence and non-adherence treatment patients.ConclusionsIn our sample worse executive function score, measured by Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, was linked to poor adherence to antiretroviral treatment in HIV patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Verbal and visual-spatial working memory performance in Arabic monolingual and English/Arabic bilingual Kuwaiti children
Authors: Khashawi F. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionResearch in psycholinguistics focusing on cognitive processing in bilinguals and the role played by working memory about cognitive processing indicated that Working Memory (WM) was instrumental in cognitive processing in bilinguals, but that its role was different and generally more complex than it was in monolinguals. However, the specific manner in which the use of WM differed between monolinguals and bilinguals was not always clear.ObjectivesThis research explored the verbal and visual-spatial WM performance in an Arabic monolingual group and a bilingual English/Arabic group.MethodsThe participants were 396 Kuwaiti (198 monolingual aged 7.99 ± 1.97 years and 198 bilingual aged 8.03 ± 1.92) with no significant age differences (t = 0.23, P > 0.05). The two groups were compared on how they performed in the Automated Working Memory Assessment (AWMA), to measure a verbal and visual-spatial WM tasks. The tasks were Listening Recall, Counting Recall, Mr. X, Backward Digit Recall, Odd-one-out and Spatial Span. All tasks were internally consistent (Alpha = 0.91, 0.93, 0.87, 0.88, 0.87, and 0.91 respectively). The data was analyzed using Independent Sample t Test.ResultsThe findings showed that there was significant group difference as the monolingual Arabic group (L1) performed better than bilingual English/Arabic group (L2) on both of verbal WM (t = 3.25, P < 0.002) and visuospatial WM (t = 3.04, P < 0.002).ConclusionThe monolingual children obtained higher scores on both verbal and visuospatial WM. These findings were explained in terms of the complexity of the Arabic language and cultural context in which the second language is being practiced. This warrants further investigation.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Cloninger's temperament dimensions and longitudinal alcohol use in early mid-life: A Northern Finland birth cohort 1966 study
Authors: Vladimirov D. , Niemelä S. , Auvinen J. , Timonen M. , Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S. , Ala-Mursula L. , Laitinen J. , Miettunen J. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundLongitudinal studies on how temperament is related to alcohol use in general population are scarce.ObjectivesFinding relations with temperament and problematic alcohol use using prospective birth cohort data.AimsTo investigate trends in self-reported alcohol consumption in adulthood.MethodsIn the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (n = 5247), alcohol use was studied with questionnaires at ages 31 and 46. Participants were classified into abstainers, bingers, heavy drinkers, steady drinkers, increasers or reducers based on the change in consumption (g/day). Cloninger's TCI-scores were calculated for each group. Multinomial regression analysis was conducted with TCI-scores as factors influencing the change in alcohol consumption.ResultsHigh novelty seeking was associated with increased consumption, binging and heavy drinking among both sexes at both time points (P < 0.01). Lower persistence was associated with increased consumption at both time points among men and among women at age 46. Baseline novelty seeking predicted both increasing (OR 1.1; 95% CI: 1.0–1.1) and reducing (1.1; 1.0–1.1) for men and for women also increasing (1.1; 1.0–1.1) and reducing (1.1; 1.0–1.1), but when adjusted with baseline alcohol use novelty seeking only predicted increasing for men (1.0; 1.0–1.1).ConclusionsHigh novelty seeking and low persistence are associated with problematic alcohol use among middle-aged Northern Finns. Gender differences in predictors existed: novelty seeking predicted increase only for men in the adjusted model. Temperament scores do not seem to affect strongly changes in alcohol use.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Toxic consumption among patients suffering delusional disorder
Authors: Carrillo de Albornoz Calahorro C.M. , Porras A. , Guerrero M. , Cervilla Ballesteros J. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionSeveral epidemiological studies describe the association between substance abuse and appearance of psychotic symptoms. There is a higher prevalence of psychotic symptoms among cannabis and cocaine consumers compared to the general population.The cannabinoid receptors regulate the release of dopamine and cocaine has a strong inhibitory action on reuptake of the same. This may explain the greater proportion of subjects moderately or heavily dependent on cocaine or cannabis experience symptoms of psychotic sphere.Objectives/AimsDescribing the profile of drug consumption among a group of patients diagnosed with delusional disorder.MethodsOur data come from a case register study of delusional disorder in Andalucía (Spanish largest region). By accessing digital health data, we selected 1927 cases who meet criteria DSM 5 for delusional disorder collecting different toxic consumption habits.ResultsIt was found that 1070 (93.4%) of patients diagnosed as delusional disorder according DSM 5 did not consume cannabis, compared to 75 (6.6%) who do so. Among patients diagnosed as “other psychoses”, 243 (85%) did not use drugs and 43 (15%) consume other drugs of different types of cannabis.ConclusionIn our sample, we found that the use of drugs such as cannabis and cocaine is less common among patients diagnosed with delusional disorder compared with other individuals diagnosed as “other psychosis”.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Psychiatric manifestations in porphyria: A case report of psychosis
Authors: González-Parra S. , Aparicio Reinoso T. , Leonor M. , Molina J.D.D. , Hernan I. , Ricote F. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionPorphyrias are rare inherited disorders due to specific enzyme abnormalities of heme biosynthesis. Among the hepatic forms, three of them are clinically characterized by acute abdominal pain and neuropathy, sometimes associated with psychiatric disorders like mood changes, organic brain syndrome and psychosis.Case reportHere, we present a 38-year-old male patient with intermittent porphyria and chronic psychosis who was hospitalized. He had been treated by benzodiacepines and neuroleptic medication for several years. Exposure to certain drugs, dieting, starvation and infection may precipitate AIP attacks.DiscussionUnderlying organic causes of psychiatric disorders such as psychosis should be considered among patients with atypical symptoms and/or resistance to standard therapy.ConclusionIt is important to increase awareness amongst psychiatric and neurological professionals with regard to certain inborn errors of metabolism. Early detection of porphyria may diminish morbidity and mortality rates, and perhaps heal some chronic atypical psychiatric illnesses.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Is social attachment an addictive disorder? Role of the latest findings in the opioid system
Authors: Montero González G. , Mondragón Egaña M.S. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe endogenous opiate system (EOS) has been linked to social attachment in classical animal experiments, to addictive disorders (AD) and, more recently, to specific traits of personality through research in genetic polymorphisms and neuroimaging techniques.ObjectivesTo expose the relation between social bonding and AD, via the latest neurobiological findings in the EOS. To propose a theoretical framework which may allow a clinical approach based upon respect and no stigmatization.MethodsLiterature review in MEDLINE database with the keywords “opioid”, “polymorphism”, “object attachment”, “addictive behavior”, “personality”.ResultsPolymorphisms in the mu-opioid receptor gene lead to different attachment behaviors in primates. The EOS in humans has been related to pain and placebo effect and recently, to social rejection and acceptance. Thus, some authors talk about “social pain”. Interestingly, the EOS has a role in harm avoidance and in the reward system. These traits of personality (harm avoidance and reward dependence) predispose to AD, and likely, pathological models of social bonding may drive to a need of palliating excessive discomfort originated by an altered opioid function through addictive behaviors. The origin of AD must be focused on the individual vulnerability rather than in the addictive substance/behavior.ConclusionsThe latest findings in the EOS yield concrete evidences that support the classical hypothesis of an opioid nexus between social attachment and AD, and shift the spotlight from the addictive object to the vulnerable subject. This theoretical framework may ease a clinical approach based upon respect and no stigmatization.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Mental health and hearing impairment - A German survey
Authors: Abdel-Hamid M. , Tretbar K. , Grabemann M. , Meyer-Rötz S. , Scherbaum N. , Jens W. , Kis B. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionOnly few international studies have focused on mental diseases among the hearing-impaired population. However, Fellinger et al. (2012) underline the high discrepancy between the current and future demand of mental treatment and the simultaneous impeded access to health care.AimsThe aim of this multicenter project is to conduct the first analysis of mental diseases among the hearing-impaired population in Germany in order to quantify and qualify the specific demands of treatment.ObjectivesIn order to achieve this aim, we compiled an extensive questionnaire battery.MethodsThis questionnaire battery measured sociodemographic data, non-verbal intelligence, quality of life, perception and suffering from stress, psychosomatic symptoms as well as personality traits.ResultsOur three samples consisted of 21 hearing-impaired patients with a history of mental diseases (EG-HI), 21 hearing-impaired subjects without mental diseases (CG-HI) and 21 hearing participants without any psychological disease (CG-H). Compared to the two control groups, the EG-HI shows significantly higher rates in different fields, i.e. participants perceive a lower quality of life, suffer from more psychosomatic symptoms and show more pronounced personality traits. The two control groups did not differ significantly from each other.ConclusionsCertain psychological characteristics among hearing-impaired patients can be detected which need to be accounted for in treatment. Furthermore, a hearing impairment is not inevitably linked to a reduced quality of life or even mental disorders. Therefore, future research should focus on risk factors and protective factors which could prevent mental diseases among the hearing-impaired population.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Illness or simulation
Authors: Alvarez Montoya A.M. , Diago Labrador C. , Ruano Hernandez T. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesThe revision of the differential diagnosis of simulation cases versus real psychopathological cases. Analysis of a case of the Ganser syndrome by revising the diagnosis criterions and their historical characteristics.MethodWe analyze the case of a 38-year-old male who came to the community mental health team and reference hospital. Following symptoms were observed: involuntary movements of the upper extremities associated with delirium coinciding with the premature birth of a child. This refers also to a compatible episode of a dissociative fugue.ResultsTo establish the diagnosis, we differentiate against disorders such as Simulation, factitious disorders with psychological symptoms or Factitious Disorders with somatic symptoms (Münchhausen syndrome). In order to support our diagnosis, we base on the CIE-10 and the DSM-IVTR classification.ConclusionsWe don’t diagnose the clinical pictures in which we don’t think. The Syndrome of Ganser could be positioned between neurosis and psychosis and between illness and simulation. The recommended treatment includes hospitalization in order to insure the diagnosis. While some authors recommend neuroleptics and others - anxiolytics, the psychotherapy is obligatory. The goal is to help the patient restore function and adapt to his environment again.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Speechless soma: The trauma's language in the psychosomatic
Authors: Becker J. , Da Silva G.A. , Dal Sasso A. 
Published: May 2016

The study begins by approaching the psychological traumatism concept, recognizing it as an important precipitating of psychosomatic disorders. Based on studies of anthropologists, psychiatrists and psychoanalysts, we present trauma as a consequence of an unexpected event from where is originated intense fear, an abruption, which disorganizes and incapacitates the victim. The Institut Psychosomatique de Paris (IPSO) works with the theory that trauma is an excessive disorganization in the mental apparatus and the psychosomatic disease is the alternative that the body finds to discharge excitation, is an attempt to resolve a conflict. The psychosomatic patient is characterized by difficulty to qualify his affections, it is observed in his super adapted speech and his linear thought, which, together, differ him from neurotic and psychotic patients. Considerations about the child development and the affects qualification are made to introduce the importance of this primitive period, but we pretend to demonstrate that they are not determinants to produce psychosomatic symptoms. When the psychological pain is intense and constant, it provokes a split between mind (psyche) and body (soma) and, in the place of the elaboration and representation about the experience, explodes psychosomatic disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Risk factors for a new cardiac event after a first acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Ossola P. , Scagnelli F. , Longhi A. , De Panfilis C. , Tonna M. , Marchesi C. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionDepression is an established risk factor for acute coronary syndrome (ACS), nonetheless the mechanisms underlying this association are still unclear and literature disagrees on the role played by anxiety. Moreover, most of the studies included subjects with a long lasting history of heart disease or recurrent depressive episodes that could bias the results.ObjectivesWe performed serial assessments of anxiety, depression and new cardiac events in a cohort of never-depressed patients in the two years after their first ACS.AimsClarify the role of anxiety and depression in predicting new cardiac events.MethodsTwo hundred and fifty-one consecutive patients completed the two-years follow-up. The presence of depression was evaluated with the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD) and its severity with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Evaluations were collected at baseline, when GRACE-score was calculated, and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12 and 24-months follow-ups.ResultsForty-two patients (16.7%) developed a second cardiac event and, of these, eighteen (42.9%) had a previous depressive episode. At Cox Regression, controlling for confounding clinical variables (e.g. GRACE-score), developing a first-ever depressive episode was a significant risk factor (OR = 2.38; 95%CI = 1.11–5.14; P = 0.027) whereas baseline anxiety was protective (OR = 0.56; 95%CI = 0.38–0.81; P= 0.002). The latter, moreover, moderated the effect of incident depression on new cardiac events.ConclusionOur results confirm the well-established detrimental effect of depression on cardiac prognosis and suggest clinicians to keep in mind anxious symptoms when facing a patient at his/her first ACS.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.