bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review of the Biomechanical Differences Between the High-Bar and Low-Bar Back-Squat
Authors: Glassbrook Daniel J. , Helms Eric R. , Brown Scott R. , Storey Adam G. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Glassbrook, DJ, Helms, ER, Brown, SR, and Storey, AG. A review of the biomechanical differences between the high-bar and low-bar back-squat. J Strength Cond Res 31(9): 2618–2634, 2017—The back-squat is a common exercise in strength and conditioning for a variety of sports. It is widely regarded as a fundamental movement to increase and measure lower-body and trunk function, as well as an effective injury rehabilitation exercise. There are typically 2 different bar positions used when performing the back-squat: the traditional “high-bar” back-squat (HBBS) and the “low-bar” back-squat (LBBS). Different movement strategies are used to ensure that the center of mass remains in the base of support for balance during the execution of these lifts. These movement strategies manifest as differences in (a) joint angles, (b) vertical ground reaction forces, and (c) the activity of key muscles. This review showed that the HBBS is characterized by greater knee flexion, lesser hip flexion, a more upright torso, and a deeper squat. The LBBS is characterized by greater hip flexion and, therefore, a greater forward lean. However, there are limited differences in vertical ground reaction forces between the HBBS and LBBS. The LBBS can also be characterized by a greater muscle activity of the erector spinae, adductors, and gluteal muscles, whereas the HBBS can be characterized by greater quadriceps muscle activity. Practitioners seeking to develop the posterior-chain hip musculature (i.e., gluteal, hamstring, and erector muscle groups) may seek to use the LBBS. In comparison, those seeking to replicate movements with a more upright torso and contribution from the quadriceps may rather seek to use the HBBS in training.
Possible Hormone Predictors of Physical Performance in Adolescent Team Sport Athletes
Authors: Martin Alanna C. , Heazlewood Ian T. , Kitic Cecilia M. , Lys Isabelle , Johnson Liam 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Martin, AC, Heazlewood, IT, Kitic, CM, Lys, I, and Johnson, L. Possible hormone predictors of physical performance in adolescent team sport athletes. J Strength Cond Res 33(2): 417–425, 2019—The research aim of this study was to determine possible hormone predictors of physical performance in adolescent team sport athletes. Saliva samples were collected immediately before performance testing sessions from 114 state squad athletes (77 males, 37 females) participating in either Australian football, basketball, hockey, or netball. Participants completed tests of aerobic and anaerobic capacity, agility, power, and speed. Samples were collected over 22 months at quarterly, six-monthly, and/or yearly intervals depending on the testing schedule of the athlete. Saliva was analyzed for testosterone (T), cortisol (C), estradiol (E), and progesterone (P) levels. A strong negative correlation existed between multistage fitness test performance and T:E ratio (r = −0.76, p = 0.01) in females not taking oral contraceptives, and a strong positive correlation existed between repeat agility total time and estradiol levels (r = −0.71, p = 0.001) in females taking oral contraceptives. In males, strong negative correlations were evident for individual changes in planned agility time and estradiol levels (r = 0.87, p = 0.02), and countermovement jump (CMJ) height and T:C (r = −0.88, p = 0.01). In females taking oral contraceptives, a strong positive correlation was noted between individual change in yo-yo intermittent recovery test performance and T:E (r = 0.74, p = 0.01) and a strong negative correlation was noted between 20-m speed and T:P (r = 0.73, p = 0.01). In females not taking oral contraceptives, a strong negative correlation was found between individual change in CMJ height and T:P (r = −0.72, p = 0.02). The findings show that in adolescent team sport athletes, the P:E, T:E, and the T:P ratios are important predictors of performance in tests of physical capacity. The findings also indicate that estradiol and progesterone have a predictive function in the physical performance of adolescent male team sport athletes.
Cortisol-related metabolic alterations assessed by mass spectrometry assay in patients with Cushing's syndrome
Authors: Di Dalmazi Guido , Quinkler Marcus , Deutschbein Timo , Prehn Cornelia , Rayes Nada , Kroiss Matthias , Berr Christina M , Stalla Günter , Fassnacht Martin , Adamski Jerzy , Reincke Martin , Beuschlein Felix 
Published: June 2017

Objective
Endogenous hypercortisolism is a chronic condition associated with severe metabolic disturbances and cardiovascular sequela. The aim of this study was to characterize metabolic alterations in patients with different degrees of hypercortisolism by mass-spectrometry-based targeted plasma metabolomic profiling and correlate the metabolomic profile with clinical and hormonal data.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Methods
Subjects (n = 149) were classified according to clinical and hormonal characteristics: Cushing’s syndrome (n = 46), adrenocortical adenomas with autonomous cortisol secretion (n = 31) or without hypercortisolism (n = 27). Subjects with suspicion of hypercortisolism, but normal hormonal/imaging testing, served as controls (n = 42). Clinical and hormonal data were retrieved for all patients and targeted metabolomic profiling was performed.

Results
Patients with hypercortisolism showed lower levels of short-/medium-chain acylcarnitines and branched-chain and aromatic amino acids, but higher polyamines levels, in comparison to controls. These alterations were confirmed after excluding diabetic patients. Regression models showed significant correlation between cortisol after dexamethasone suppression test (DST) and 31 metabolites, independently of confounding/contributing factors. Among those, histidine and spermidine were also significantly associated with catabolic signs and symptoms of hypercortisolism. According to an discriminant analysis, the panel of metabolites was able to correctly classify subjects into the main diagnostic categories and to distinguish between subjects with/without altered post-DST cortisol and with/without diabetes in >80% of the cases.

Conclusions
Metabolomic profiling revealed alterations of intermediate metabolism independently associated with the severity of hypercortisolism, consistent with disturbed protein synthesis/catabolism and incomplete β-oxidation, providing evidence for the occurrence of metabolic inflexibility in hypercortisolism.
Hypoinsulinaemic, hypoketotic hypoglycaemia due to mosaic genetic activation of PI3-kinase
Authors: Leiter Sarah M , Parker Victoria E R , Welters Alena , Knox Rachel , Rocha Nuno , Clark Graeme , Payne Felicity , Lotta Luca , Harris Julie , Guerrero-Fernández Julio , González-Casado Isabel , García-Miñaur Sixto , Gordo Gema , Wareham Nick , Martínez-Glez Víctor , Allison Michael , O’Rahilly Stephen , Barroso Inês , Meissner Thomas , Davies Susan , Hussain Khalid , Temple Karen , Barreda-Bonis Ana-Coral , Kummer Sebastian , Semple Robert K 
Published: June 2017

Objective
Genetic activation of the insulin signal-transducing kinase AKT2 causes syndromic hypoketotic hypoglycaemia without elevated insulin. Mosaic activating mutations in class 1A phospatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), upstream from AKT2 in insulin signalling, are known to cause segmental overgrowth, but the metabolic consequences have not been systematically reported. We assess the metabolic phenotype of 22 patients with mosaic activating mutations affecting PI3K, thereby providing new insight into the metabolic function of this complex node in insulin signal transduction.

Methods
Three patients with megalencephaly, diffuse asymmetric overgrowth, hypoketotic, hypoinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia and no AKT2 mutation underwent further genetic, clinical and metabolic investigation. Signalling in dermal fibroblasts from one patient and efficacy of the mTOR inhibitor Sirolimus on pathway activation were examined. Finally, the metabolic profile of a cohort of 19 further patients with mosaic activating mutations in PI3K was assessed.

Results
In the first three patients, mosaic mutations in PIK3CA (p.Gly118Asp or p.Glu726Lys) or PIK3R2 (p.Gly373Arg) were found. In different tissue samples available from one patient, the PIK3CA p.Glu726Lys mutation was present at burdens from 24% to 42%, with the highest level in the liver. Dermal fibroblasts showed increased basal AKT phosphorylation which was potently suppressed by Sirolimus. Nineteen further patients with mosaic mutations in PIK3CA had neither clinical nor biochemical evidence of hypoglycaemia.

Conclusions
Mosaic mutations activating class 1A PI3K cause severe non-ketotic hypoglycaemia in a subset of patients, with the metabolic phenotype presumably related to the extent of mosaicism within the liver. mTOR or PI3K inhibitors offer the prospect for future therapy.
Improving risk estimates for metabolically healthy obesity and mortality using a refined healthy reference group
Authors: Hamer Mark , Johnson William , Bell Joshua A 
Published: June 2017

Objective
We aimed to re-examine mortality risk estimates for metabolically healthy obesity by using a ‘stable’ healthy non-obese referent group.

Design
Prospective cohort study.

Methods
Participants were 5427 men and women (aged 65.9 ± 9.4 years, 45.9% men) from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Obesity was defined as body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 (vs non-obese as below this threshold). Based on blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, glycated hemoglobin and C-reactive protein, participants were classified as ‘healthy’ (0 or 1 metabolic abnormality) or ‘unhealthy’ (≥2 metabolic abnormalities).

Results
Totally, 671 deaths were observed over an average follow-up of 8 years. When defining the referent group based on 1 clinical assessment, the unhealthy non-obese (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.45) and unhealthy obese (HR = 1.29; CI: 1.05, 1.60) were at greater risk of all-cause mortality compared to the healthy non-obese, yet no excess risk was seen in the healthy obese (HR = 1.14; CI: 0.83, 1.52). When we re-defined the referent group based on 2 clinical assessments, effect estimates were accentuated and healthy obesity was at increased risk of mortality (HR = 2.67; CI: 1.64, 4.34).

Conclusion
An unstable healthy referent group may make ‘healthy obesity’ appear less harmful by obscuring the benefits of remaining never obese without metabolic dysfunction.
Male Sex Associated With Increased Risk of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
Authors: Charles M. Katherine , Cooper William O. , Jansson Lauren M. , Dudley Judith , Slaughter James C. , Patrick Stephen W. 
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND:Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is a postnatal opioid withdrawal syndrome. Factors associated with development of the syndrome are poorly understood; however, infant sex may influence the risk of NAS. Our objective was to determine if infant sex was associated with the development or severity of the syndrome in a large population-based cohort.METHODS:This retrospective cohort study used vital statistics and prescription, outpatient, and inpatient administrative data for mothers and infants enrolled in the Tennessee Medicaid program between 2009 and 2011. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between male sex and diagnosis of NAS, accounting for potential demographic and clinical confounders. NAS severity, as evidenced by hospital length of stay, was modeled by using negative binomial regression.RESULTS:Of 102 695 infants, 927 infants were diagnosed with NAS (484 male subjects and 443 female subjects). Adjustments were made for the following: maternal age, race, and education; maternal hepatitis C infection, anxiety, or depression; in utero exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and cigarettes; infant birth weight, small for gestational age, and year; and the interaction between opioid type and opioid amount. Male infants were more likely than female infants to be diagnosed with NAS (adjusted odds ratio, 1.18 [95% confidence interval, 1.05–1.33]) and NAS requiring treatment (adjusted odds ratio, 1.24 [95% confidence interval, 1.04–1.47]). However, there was no sex-based difference in severity for those diagnosed with NAS.CONCLUSIONS:Treatment of NAS should be tailored to an infant’s individual risk for the syndrome. Clinicians should be mindful that male sex is an important risk factor in the diagnosis of NAS.
Public Health Literature Review of Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Raspa Melissa , Wheeler Anne C. , Riley Catharine 
Published: June 2017

OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this systematic literature review is to describe what is known about fragile X syndrome (FXS) and to identify research gaps. The results can be used to help inform future public health research and provide pediatricians with up-to-date information about the implications of the condition for individuals and their families.METHODS:An electronic literature search was conducted, guided by a variety of key words. The search focused on 4 areas of both clinical and public health importance: (1) the full mutation phenotype, (2) developmental trajectories across the life span, (3) available interventions and treatments, and (4) impact on the family. A total of 661 articles were examined and 203 were included in the review.RESULTS:The information is presented in the following categories: developmental profile (cognition, language, functional skills, and transition to adulthood), social-emotional profile (cooccurring psychiatric conditions and behavior problems), medical profile (physical features, seizures, sleep, health problems, and physiologic features), treatment and interventions (educational/behavioral, allied health services, and pharmacologic), and impact on the family (family environment and financial impact). Research gaps also are presented.CONCLUSIONS:The identification and treatment of FXS remains an important public health and clinical concern. The information presented in this article provides a more robust understanding of FXS and the impact of this complex condition for pediatricians. Despite a wealth of information about the condition, much work remains to fully support affected individuals and their families.
Implications of theFMR1Premutation for Children, Adolescents, Adults, and Their Families
Authors: Wheeler Anne , Raspa Melissa , Hagerman Randi , Mailick Marsha , Riley Catharine 
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Given the nature of FMR1 gene expansions, most biological mothers, and often multiple other family members of children with fragile X syndrome (FXS), will have a premutation, which may increase individual and family vulnerabilities. This article summarizes important gaps in knowledge and notes potential implications for pediatric providers with regard to developmental and medical risks for children and adolescents with an FMR1 premutation, including possible implications into adulthood.METHODS:A structured electronic literature search was conducted on FMR1 pre- and full mutations, yielding a total of 306 articles examined. Of these, 116 focused primarily on the premutation and are included in this review.RESULTS:Based on the literature review, 5 topic areas are discussed: genetics and epidemiology; phenotypic characteristics of individuals with the premutation; implications for carrier parents of children with FXS; implications for the extended family; and implications for pediatricians.CONCLUSIONS:Although the premutation phenotype is typically less severe in clinical presentation than in FXS, premutation carriers are much more common and are therefore more likely to be seen in a typical pediatric practice. In addition, there is a wide range of medical, cognitive/developmental, and psychiatric associated features that individuals with a premutation are at increased risk for having, which underscores the importance of awareness on the part of pediatricians in identifying and monitoring premutation carriers and recognizing the impact this identification may have on family members.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO MICROESTRUTURAL E MECÂNICA DE JUNTA SOLDADA EM AÇO MÉDIO CARBONO E BAIXA LIGA
Authors: Borges Maria Cristina Carrupt Ferreira , Lacorte Juliene Ozorio , Assunção Fabiano Silva 
Published: June 2017

Resumo: os aços ARBL, considerados de alta resistência e baixa liga, são largamente empregados na indústria aeronáutica e automobilística. Na indústria aeronáutica, são utilizados em partes do trem de pouso e na fabricação do “berço-de-motor” de aeronaves de pequeno porte. Essa estrutura é um componente de alta responsabilidade, submetido a carregamentos complexos, cujas fraturas ocasionadas por fadiga são constantemente constatadas. São construídos com chapas de espessura de 1.10mm e soldados pelo processo GTAW (TIG). Como nos processos de soldagem por fusão o material é submetido a altas temperaturas, podendo sofrer transformação de fase no estado sólido durante o resfriamento, esse trabalho tem como objetivo identificar as fases presentes na microestrutura da junta soldada em aço ABNT 4130, destinadas à fabricação do “berço-de-motor”, e suas características mecânicas. Foi realizado ensaio de tração, microscopia ótica e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Os resultados obtidos mostram a formação de fases frágeis e uma considerável alteração nas propriedades mecânicas da junta soldada, em relação ao material.Palavras-chave: Aço SAE 4130, Soldagem GTAW, Microestruturas, Propriedade Mecânica.
REFLEXÕES SOBRE O USO DE MATERIAIS DIDÁTICOS NO ENSINO DE MATEMÁTICA
Authors: Nascimento Karen Caroline Rodrigues , Victer Eline Das Flores 
Published: June 2017

Desenvolvida em uma escola pública de Teresópolis/RJ, esta pesquisa trata-se de uma reflexão sobre o uso de materiais didáticos como proposta pedagógica para tornar as aulas de matemática mais produtivas, principalmente no que diz respeito ao envolvimento do aluno. A utilização de materiais didáticos se tornou uma ferramenta importante para facilitar a aprendizagem, desta forma, iniciamos nossa investigação observando a produção de materiais didáticos desenvolvidos por alunos e, como os professores lidam com os materiais didáticos. Com o objetivo de melhorar o rendimento dos alunos e consequentemente a aprendizagem, desejamos destacar as potencialidades que o uso dos materiais didáticos pode trazer. Os resultados apontam uma preocupação com os diversos fatores que interferem na compreensão da matemática e que a escola pode sim, por meio de intervenções, motivar e sensibilizar tanto alunos, quanto professores a repensarem suas ações no ambiente escolar
PROJETO DE EXTENSÃO: HUMANIZAÇÃO E EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE JUNTO AOS CUIDADORES, CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES NO HOSPITAL UNIVERSITÁRIO INFANTIL
Authors: Engel Bruna Cavalheiro , Silva Caroline da , Barretta Claiza , Fabris Francielly Alexandre , Wachholz Luana Bertamoni , Miranda de Oliveira Márcia Aparecida , Da Luz Maria Eduarda , Da Silva Mariana Francisco , Dos Santos Thalia Nathalia , De Oliveira Willian Bueno , Chesani Fabiola Hermes 
Published: June 2017

O presente artigo é um relato de experiência do projeto de extensão Humanizar e Educar em saúde. O projeto é constituído por uma equipe interdisciplinar, contando com docentes e discentes dos cursos de Fisioterapia, Psicologia e Nutrição. O projeto de extensão é voltado à humanização e educação em saúde no Hospital Universitário Pequeno Anjo (HUPA), que atende crianças de 0 a 14 anos. Este projeto tem como objetivo a troca de saberes junto às crianças, adolescentes e cuidadores por meio de roda de conversa e estratégias dinâmicas. A metodologia adotada é a da roda de conversa orientada pelos preceitos de Paulo Freire. No período de março de 2015 a junho de 2016 aconteceram 90 encontros e a participação de 742 cuidadores, crianças e adolescentes. As rodas de conversa com cuidadores de crianças e adolescentes permitiu a troca de experiências, na qual os sujeitos auxiliam uns aos outros no processo de enfrentamento da hospitalização.
A PREVALÊNCIA DAS DOENÇAS EM PACIENTES QUE REALIZAM FISIOTERAPIA HOSPITALAR
Authors: Dias Alexsandra Marinho , Albano Daniela , Silva Morgana Araújo , Chesani Fabiola Hermes , Kessler Rúbia Mara Giachini , Panizzi Emmanuel Alvarenga , Kerkoski Edilaine 
Published: June 2017

Atualmente existem poucos estudos sobre a prevalência das doenças de pessoas internadas que realizam fisioterapia hospitalar, frente a esta carência o estudo teve como objetivo verificar a prevalência das principais doenças que levaram ao atendimento fisioterapêutico num hospital público da região do Vale do Itajaí. Para esta análise foram utilizados como instrumento as tabelas de registro de atendimentos fisioterapêuticos realizados nos setores de clínica médica, clínica cirúrgica, clínica pediátrica e unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) do hospital público da região do Vale do Itajaí, considerados todos os registros de pacientes atendidos pela Fisioterapia correspondente ao período de fevereiro de 2015 a julho de 2016. Obtivemos como resultado desta pesquisa que a maior parte das patologias atendidas pela fisioterapia no hospital público da região do Vale do Itajaí são de origens pulmonares e ortopédicas e ainda assim se destaca a atuação precoce deste profissional contribuindo para uma redução do tempo médio de permanência no setor e para uma estabilização mais rápida do quadro clínico dos pacientes.
DIFERENTES GENÓTIPOS DE MILHO PARA PRODUÇÃO DE MINIMILHO
Authors: Nascimento Maxwel Rodrigues , Jaeggi Mario Euclides Pechara da Costa , Saluci Julio Cesar Gradice , Zacarias Alex Justino , Guidinelle Rebyson Bissaco , Pereira Israel Martins , Rodrigues Rogério Rangel , Silva Samuel Ferreira da , Souza Maurício Novaes 
Published: June 2017

Minimilho ou “baby corn” é o nome dado à inflorescência feminina do milho, antes da polinização, ou seja, é a espiga de milho em desenvolvimento. A colheita é realizada manualmente e ocorre de dois a três dias após a emissão dos estilo-estigmas. Ele é consumido in natura ou em conservas acidificadas na forma de petisco, picles, saladas e na confecção de pratos como risotos, sopas e guarnições acompanhadas com carnes e peixe grelhados O minimilho é considerado uma hortícola, devido o tempo gasto da semeadura à colheita. A produção de minimilho pode ser considerado com uma das alternativas para diversificar a produção e aumentar a rentabilidade na agricultura familiar. Objetivou-se com a realização deste trabalho elaborar uma revisão de literatura sobre avaliação de diferentes genótipos de milho para produção de minimilho. Com base na literatura ainda não é possível recomendar cultivares de milho para produção de minimilho.
HISTÓRIA E CONCEITOS FUNDAMENTAIS DE MODELOS ATÔMICOS INTRODUZIDOS NOS LIVROS DIDÁTICOS DE ENSINO MÉDIO E METODOLOIAS QUE POSSAM AUXILIAR UM APRENDIZADO MAIS SIGNIFICATIVO
Authors: Carias Tatiane Rocha , Duarte Leynara Lessa , Pereira Terezinha Ayres 
Published: June 2017

Este trabalho visa contextualizar conceitos históricos no desenvolvimento do conteúdo de modelos atômicos como forma de promover um aprendizado mais significativo. O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar as diferentes formas que são abordadas e propor uma metodologia que possa relacionar fatos históricos. A inserção da história da ciência como a aplicação de uma metodologia diferenciada através de apresentação de vídeos e simulações à medida que os conceitos são ministrados e as aulas experimentais são realizadas.