bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practitioner Review: Involving young people with callous unemotional traits in treatment – does it work? A systematic review
Authors: Wilkinson Simon , Waller Rebecca , Viding Essi 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundChildren and adolescents with callous unemotional (CU) traits are at risk of severe and persistent antisocial behavior. It is commonly assumed that these children are difficult to treat but it has been proposed that they may benefit from being involved in interventions that go beyond typical parent training programs. This systematic review sought to answer two previously unanswered questions: do interventions involving young people reduce levels of CU traits? Do CU traits predict the effectiveness of interventions for antisocial behavior involving young people?MethodStudies were included that adopted an randomized controlled trial, controlled or open trial design and that had examined whether treatment was related to reductions in CU traits or whether CU traits predicted or moderated treatment effectiveness.ResultsTreatments used a range of approaches, including behavioral therapy, emotion recognition training, and multimodal interventions. 4/7 studies reported reductions in CU traits following treatment. There was a mixed pattern of findings in 15 studies that examined whether CU traits predicted treatment outcomes following interventions for antisocial behavior. In 7/15 studies, CU traits were associated with worse outcomes, although three of these studies did not provide data on baseline antisocial behavior, making it difficult to evaluate whether children with high CU traits had shown improvements relative to their own behavioral baseline, despite having the worst behavioral outcomes overall. CU traits did not predict outcomes in 7/15 studies. Finally, a single study reported that CU traits predicted an overall increased response to treatment.ConclusionsOverall, the evidence supports the idea that children with CU traits do show reductions in both their CU traits and their antisocial behavior, but typically begin treatment with poorer premorbid functioning and can still end with higher levels of antisocial behavior. However, there is considerable scope to build on the current evidence base.
MHC, parasites and antler development in red deer: no support for the Hamilton & Zuk hypothesis
Authors: Buczek M. , Okarma H. , Demiaszkiewicz A. W. , Radwan J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe Hamilton‐Zuk hypothesis proposes that the genetic benefits of preferences for elaborated secondary sexual traits have their origins in the arms race between hosts and parasites, which maintains genetic variance in parasite resistance. Infection, in turn, can be reflected in the expression of costly sexual ornaments. However, the link between immune genes, infection and the expression of secondary sexual traits has rarely been investigated. Here, we explored whether the presence and identity of functional variants (supertypes) of the highly polymorphic major histocompatibility complex (MHC), which is responsible for the recognition of parasites, predict the load of lung and gut parasites and antler development in the red deer (Cervus elaphus). While we found MHC supertypes to be associated with infection by a number of parasite species, including debilitating lung nematodes, we did not find support for the Hamilton‐Zuk hypothesis. On the contrary, we found that lung nematode load was positively associated with antler development. We also found that the supertypes that were associated with resistance to certain parasites at the same time cause susceptibility to others. Such trade‐offs may undermine the potential genetic benefits of mate choice for resistant partners.
Effect of Vascular Risk Factors and Diseases on Mortality in Individuals with Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: van de Vorst Irene E. , Koek Huiberdina L. , de Vries Rehana , Bots Michiel L. , Reitsma Johannes B. , Vaartjes Ilonca 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesTo assess the effect of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors on mortality in individuals with dementia.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis. English‐ and Dutch‐language studies in PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases were searched in April 2014 with hand‐searching of in‐text citations and no publication limitations. Inclusion criteria were original studies reporting on cardiovascular risk factors or diseases and their relationship with survival in individuals with dementia. The Quality In Prognosis Studies tool was used to appraise all included articles.SettingPopulation‐, hospital‐, and nursing home–based.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling, hospitalized individuals and nursing home residents with dementia.MeasurementsA random‐effects meta‐analysis was performed to investigate the effect of several cardiovascular diseases and risk factors on overall mortality.ResultsTwelve studies with 235,865 participants were included. In pooled analyses, male sex (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.56–1.78), diabetes mellitus (DM) (HR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.33–1.68), smoking (ever vs never) (HR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.17–1.61), coronary heart disease (CHD) (HR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.02–1.44) and congestive heart failure (CHF) (HR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.18–1.59) were associated with mortality. Stroke, high blood pressure, being overweight, and hypercholesterolemia were not statistically significantly related to mortality.ConclusionIndividuals with dementia and DM, smoking, CHD, and CHF have a greater risk of death than individuals with dementia without these risk factors or diseases.
Order Flow and Expected Option Returns
Authors: MURAVYEV DMITRIY 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTI show that the inventory risk faced by market‐makers has a first‐order effect on option prices. I introduce a simple approach that decomposes the price impact of trades into inventory risk and asymmetric information components. While both components are large for option trades, the inventory risk component is larger. Using the full panel of daily option returns, I find that option order imbalances attributable to inventory risk have five times larger impact on option prices than previously thought. Finally, I find that past order imbalances have greater predictive power than any other commonly used predictor of option returns.
Bidirectional associations between alcohol consumption and health‐related quality of life amongst young and middle‐aged women
Authors: Schrieks I. C. , Wei M. Y. , Rimm E. B. , Okereke O. I. , Kawachi I. , Hendriks H. F. J. , Mukamal K. J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundEvidence from cross‐sectional studies has suggested a positive association between moderate alcohol consumption and health‐related quality of life but prospective data remain scarce.ObjectivesTo examine the bidirectional relationships between alcohol consumption and health‐related quality of life using a longitudinal study design.MethodsA total of 92 448 participants of the Nurses' Health Study II reported their alcohol consumption (in 1991, 1995, 1999 and 2003) and health‐related quality of life (in 1993, 1997 and 2001). Using generalized estimating equations, we modelled the physical and mental component summary (PCS and MCS) scores as a function of alcohol consumption 2 years earlier (n = 88 363) and vice versa (n = 84 621).ResultsGreater alcohol consumption was associated with better PCS scores 2 years later in a dose–response manner up to ~1 serving daily [mean difference (β) = 0.67 ± 0.06 PCS units, for moderate versus infrequent drinkers]. After adjustment for previous PCS, a similar but attenuated pattern was observed (β = 0.33 ± 0.07). Moderate alcohol consumption was not related to MCS, whereas moderate‐to‐heavy alcohol consumption was associated with lower MCS scores (β = −0.34 ± 0.15). Higher PCS scores were associated with greater alcohol consumption 2 years later, also after adjustment for previous alcohol consumption (β = 0.53 ± 0.05 g day−1). MCS was not associated with alcohol consumption 2 years later.ConclusionAmongst young and middle‐aged women, moderate alcohol intake was associated with a small improvement in physical health‐related quality of life 2 years later and vice versa. Moderate alcohol consumption was not associated with mental health‐related quality of life in either direction.
Relapse May Serve as a Mediator Variable in Longitudinal Outcomes in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Stone Lael Anne , Cutter Gary Raymond , Fisher Elizabeth , Richert Nancy , McCartin Jennifer , Ohayon Joan , Bash Craig , McFarland Henry 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND/PURPOSEContrast‐enhancing lesions (CEL) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are believed to represent inflammatory disease activity in multiple sclerosis (MS), but their relationship to subsequent long‐term disability and progression is unclear, particularly at longer time periods such as 8‐10 years.METHODSBetween 1989 and 1994, 111 MS patients were seen at the National Institutes of Health for clinical evaluations and 3 monthly contrast‐enhanced MRI scans. Of these, 94 patients were re‐evaluated a mean of 8 years later (range 6.1‐10.5 years) with a single MRI scan and clinical evaluation. CEL number and volume were determined at baseline and follow‐up. The number of relapses was ascertained over the follow‐up period and annualized relapse rates were calculated. Other MRI parameters, such as T2 hyperintensity volume, T1 volume, and brain parenchymal fraction, were also calculated.RESULTSWhile there was no direct correlation between CEL number or volume at baseline and disability status at follow‐up, CEL measures at baseline did correlate with number of relapses observed in the subsequent years, and the number of relapses in turn correlated with subsequent disability as well as transition to progressive MS.CONCLUSIONWhile number and volume of CEL at baseline do not directly correlate with disability in the longer term in MS, our data suggest that 1 route to disability involves relapses as a mediator variable in the causal sequence of MS progression from CEL to disability. Further studies using relapse as a mediator variable in a larger data set may be warranted.
Just World Beliefs Are Associated With Lower Levels of Metabolic Risk and Inflammation and Better Sleep After an Unfair Event
Authors: Levine Cynthia S. , Basu Devika , Chen Edith 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis study's goal was to conduct a preliminary test of the theory that just world beliefs can buffer against negative physiological outcomes after people experience certain types of negative life events by testing associations between just world beliefs and physiological outcomes among people with different life event histories. In a sample of 247 adults (Mage = 46.01; 24.31% men; 60.78% White), this research investigated the relationship between just world beliefs and metabolic symptoms, inflammation, and sleep among people who had recently experienced an unfair event, another type of negative event, or no negative event. Stronger just world beliefs correlated with lower metabolic risk, lower inflammation, and better sleep among people who had recently experienced an unfair event, but not among those in the other two event groups. These findings suggest that people's beliefs about the world may interact with their life experiences in ways that have implications for health‐relevant outcomes.
Individual Differences in Good Manners Rather Than Compassion Predict Fair Allocations of Wealth in the Dictator Game
Authors: Zhao Kun , Ferguson Eamonn , Smillie Luke D. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractOne of the most common tools for studying pro‐sociality is the dictator game, in which allocations to one's partner are often described in terms of altruism. However, the motivations driving these allocations may represent either emotional concern for others (compassion), adherence to social norms regarding fairness (politeness), or both. In this article, we apply personality psychology to the study of behavior in the dictator game, in which we examine the discriminant validity of distinct pro‐social constructs from the Big Five and HEXACO models in relation to allocations of wealth. Across four studies (Study 1: N = 192; Study 2: N = 212; Study 3: N = 304; Study 4: N = 90) utilizing both hypothetical and incentivized designs, we found that the politeness—but not compassion—aspect of Big Five Agreeableness, as well as HEXACO Honesty‐Humility, uniquely predicted dictator allocations within their respective personality models. These findings contribute to a growing literature indicating that the standard dictator game measures “good manners” or adherence to norms concerning fairness, rather than pure emotional concern or compassionate motives, and have important implications for how this paradigm is used and interpreted in psychological research.
Who Reaps the Benefits of Social Change? Exploration and Its Socioecological Boundaries
Authors: Lechner Clemens M. , Obschonka Martin , Silbereisen Rainer K. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe investigated the interplay between the personality trait exploration and objective socioecological conditions in shaping individual differences in the experience of two individual‐level benefits of current social change: new lifestyle options, which arise from the societal trend toward individualization, and new learning opportunities, which accrue from the societal trend toward lifelong learning. We hypothesized that people with higher trait exploration experience a greater increase in lifestyle options and learning opportunities––but more so in social ecologies in which individualization and lifelong learning are stronger, thus offering greater latitude for exploring the benefits of these trends. We employed structural equation modeling in two parallel adult samples from Germany (N = 2,448) and Poland (N = 2,571), using regional divorce rates as a proxy for individualization and Internet domain registration rates as a proxy for lifelong learning. Higher exploration was related to a greater perceived increase in lifestyle options and in learning opportunities over the past 5 years. These associations were stronger in regions in which the trends toward individualization and lifelong learning, respectively, were more prominent. Individuals higher in exploration are better equipped to reap the benefits of current social change––but the effects of exploration are bounded by the conditions in the social ecology.
Consumer's Reactions to Natural, Atypically Colored Foods: An Investigation Using Blue Potatoes
Authors: Paakki Maija , Sandell Mari , Hopia Anu 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis study's aim was to investigate a consumer's reactions to foods that are naturally atypically colored. Blue potatoes were used, and we characterized consumers who chose either familiar, yellow potatoes, or unfamiliar, blue potatoes. Volunteers (n = 235) were asked to rate their perceptions after tasting blue or yellow potato salad by using an 8‐point Likert scale. Second, they were asked to choose between yellow and blue potatoes and argue their choice. Subgroups were classified into “yellow potato choosers” (64.7% of participants) and “blue potato choosers” (28.1% of participants) and each evaluated yellow potato salad quite equally, but “yellow potato choosers” rated blue potato salad lower than “blue potato choosers.” “Blue potato choosers” tended to be more neophilic and middle‐aged compared to “yellow potato choosers.” “Yellow potato choosers” were traditional consumers who chose yellow potatoes because of their taste and familiarity. “Blue potato choosers” tended to be more hedonistic and variety‐seeking as their willingness to try new things and appearance of food seemed to be important factors behind their choice of atypically colored blue potatoes.Practical ApplicationsThis study demonstrated that an atypical color of an ordinary food product (potatoes) affected participants’ perceptions and choice in consumer research. Although most consumers preferred typically colored yellow potatoes, over a quarter of the participants were willing to choose blue potatoes. Quite differently behaving consumer groups were found by segmentation of the volunteers according to their choice between yellow and blue potatoes. For instance, naturalness is generally considered as one of the key attributes behind food choice, but among “blue potato choosers” in our study it was not an important factor behind their potato choice. Our findings can assist food scientists and product developers in understanding the impact of an atypical color – and more widely nonfamiliar characteristics present in foods – on the perception of food and food choice.
Efficacy and Safety of Flibanserin in Women with Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gao Zhenli , Yang Diandong , Yu Luxin , Cui Yuanshan 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

Introduction
Flibanserin, is a postsynaptic agonist of serotonin receptor 1A and an antagonist of serotonin receptor 2A, has been shown to increase sexual desire and reduce distress in women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD).

Aim
We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of the drug in women with HSDD.

Methods
A literature review was performed to identify all published randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of flibanserin for the treatment of HSDD. The search included the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. The reference lists of the retrieved studies were also investigated.

Main Outcome Measures
Four publications involving a total of 3,414 patients were used in the analysis, including four randomized controlled trials that compared flibanserin with placebo.

Results
For the comparison of flibanserin with placebo, primary efficacy endpoints: satisfying sexual events (the standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.37–0.80, P &lt; 0.00001); sexual desire score (the SMD = 1.91, 95% CI = 0.21 to 3.60, P = 0.03) and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) desire domain score (the SMD = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.19–0.46, P &lt; 0.00001) and key secondary efficacy endpoints: FSFI total score, Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised (FSDS-R) total score, FSDS-R Item 13 score, Patient's Global Impression of Improvement score and Patient Benefit Evaluation indicated that flibanserin was more effective than the placebo. Safety assessments included the proportion of women who experienced an adverse event (odds ratio = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.34 to 1.76, P &lt; 0.00001), nervous system disorders and fatigue indicated that flibanserin was well tolerated.

Conclusions
This meta-analysis indicates that flibanserin to be an effective and safe treatment for HSDD in women.
The SpoIIQ‐SpoIIIAH complex of Clostridium difficile controls forespore engulfment and late stages of gene expression and spore morphogenesis
Authors: Serrano Mónica , Crawshaw Adam D. , Dembek Marcin , Monteiro João M. , Pereira Fátima C. , Pinho Mariana Gomes , Fairweather Neil F. , Salgado Paula S. , Henriques Adriano O. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryEngulfment of the forespore by the mother cell is a universal feature of endosporulation. In Bacillus subtilis, the forespore protein SpoIIQ and the mother cell protein SpoIIIAH form a channel, essential for endosporulation, through which the developing spore is nurtured. The two proteins also form a backup system for engulfment. Unlike in B. subtilis, SpoIIQ of Clostridium difficile has intact LytM zinc‐binding motifs. We show that spoIIQ or spoIIIAH deletion mutants of C. difficile result in anomalous engulfment, and that disruption of the SpoIIQ LytM domain via a single amino acid substitution (H120S) impairs engulfment differently. SpoIIQ and SpoIIQH120S interact with SpoIIIAH throughout engulfment. SpoIIQ, but not SpoIIQH120S, binds Zn2+, and metal absence alters the SpoIIQ‐SpoIIIAH complex in vitro. Possibly, SpoIIQH120S supports normal engulfment in some cells but not a second function of the complex, required following engulfment completion. We show that cells of the spoIIQ or spoIIIAH mutants that complete engulfment are impaired in post‐engulfment, forespore and mother cell‐specific gene expression, suggesting a channel‐like function. Both engulfment and a channel‐like function may be ancestral functions of SpoIIQ‐SpoIIIAH while the requirement for engulfment was alleviated through the emergence of redundant mechanisms in B. subtilis and related organisms.
An Australian mixed methods pilot study exploring students performing patient risk screening
Authors: Gibson Simone J , Golder Janet , Cant Robyn P , Davidson Zoe E 
Published: December 2015

AbstractClinical placement shortages and rising costs have created demand to provide low‐resource, high value student learning opportunities. Malnutrition screening provides a vehicle for achieving this. A mixed methods explanatory sequential intervention study investigated time costs, and students’ perceptions of preparedness after performing routine patient screening tasks, as well as students’ overall views on their feelings of confidence and preparedness when commencing their first clinical placements. Pre‐clinical student dietitians commencing initial placements participated (n=58), with 16 of these forming a subgroup who performed malnutrition screening tasks while the others attended usual placement orientation. The time saved when students undertook screening tasks usually assigned to nurses was substantial. Questionnaires revealed that student perceived confidence increased in the screening group when compared with controls. Focus group themes included “anxiety and confidence,” “learning in the clinical learning environment,” “communication skill development,” and “the pre‐placement screening experience.” Students performing routine patient‐screening tasks prior to initial clinical placement has potential cost savings for healthcare organizations and was perceived to be valuable for learning.
Resilience to seasonal heat wave episodes in a Mediterranean pine forest
Authors: Tatarinov Fedor , Rotenberg Eyal , Maseyk Kadmiel , Ogée Jérôme , Klein Tamir , Yakir Dan 
Published: December 2015

SummaryShort‐term, intense heat waves (hamsins) are common in the eastern Mediterranean region and provide an opportunity to study the resilience of forests to such events that are predicted to increase in frequency and intensity.The response of a 50‐yr‐old Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) forest to hamsin events lasting 1–7 d was studied using 10 yr of eddy covariance and sap flow measurements.The highest frequency of heat waves wasc. four per month, coinciding with the peak productivity period (March–April). During these events, net ecosystem carbon exchange (NEE) and canopy conductance (gc) decreased byc. 60%, but evapotranspiration (ET) showed little change. Fast recovery was also observed with fluxes reaching pre‐stress values within a day following the event. NEE andgcshowed a strong response to vapor pressure deficit that weakened as soil moisture decreased, while sap flow was primarily responding to changes in soil moisture. On an annual scale, heat waves reduced NEE and gross primary productivity byc. 15% and 4%, respectively.Forest resilience to short‐term extreme events such as heat waves is probably a key to its survival and must be accounted for to better predict the increasing impact on productivity and survival of such events in future climates.