bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of life in Italian cities: a temporal comparison between before the crisis and after
Authors: Bonatti Guido , Ivaldi Enrico , Soliani Riccardo 
Published: March 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the changes in well-being in the Italian reality, in particular, through the study of major cities. The study is based on a set of data provided by the Italian Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) with the aim to highlight the Italian urban situation and the comparison between the well-being situation assessed in a pre-crisis context and the one observed after it, in order to understand how events have influenced levels of well-being in the main Italian cities.Design/methodology/approachThe paper aims to examine the quality of life (QoL) levels in the metropolitan cities, using data from the URBES report (a report that provides data and information concerning the Italian urban situation), published in 2013, which investigates QoL and well-being in major Italian cities. It is based on the framework of the “Benessere Equo e Sostenibile” report that appraises well-being in Italian regions by a great deal of variables belonging to 12 different dimensions. Using this data source, the authors will proceed to the construction of a composite well-being index.FindingsThe paper intends to show how the well-being level in Italian cities has changed in recent years, taking into consideration ten different dimensions of well-being. The need to consider different dimensions of well-being for its comprehensive evaluation is widely discussed in the literature, and the framework provided by ISTAT is innovative in this sense.Originality/valueThe paper presents an aggregate measure of well-being in Italian cities on the basis of new theoretical concepts and complete and detailed data.
Comparing dimensions of national culture for secondary analysis of consumer behavior data of different countries
Authors: de Mooij Marieke 
Published: March 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to find consumption-related similarities and differences between the three major dimensional models of national culture, to help researchers select specific models or dimensions for their cross-cultural studies.Design/methodology/approachFirst, a review of the theoretical background of cultural values and three models of national culture is provided: those by Hofstede, Schwartz and GLOBE. Then these models are compared through partial correlation analysis, controlling for GNP/capita of a set of 25 relevant consumer behavior-related data with country scores of 21 dimensions of the three dimensional models.FindingsOf all models several dimensions explain differences in consumer behavior. Some dimensions explain values related to specific consumer behavior domains better than others. Only a few dimensions of different models do not show meaningful interesting relationships with consumer behavior issues. Dimensions with the same label do not explain similar differences.Practical implicationsCross-cultural researchers can choose from the several cultural models, but selecting a model only based on descriptions of the contents of dimensions is difficult. The relationships of dimensions with concrete consumer behavior data found in this study facilitate choice. This analysis may help researchers who consider conducting cross-cultural analysis of consumer behavior data to select a specific model, or specific dimensions of different models that apply best to their research question.Originality/valueThis is the first study that compares the three major dimensional models with examples of consumer behavior-related items.
Big data analysis of public library operations and services by using the Chernoff face method
Authors: Kim Young-seok , Cooke Louise 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to conduct a big data analysis of public library operations and services of two cities in two countries by using the Chernoff face method.

Design/methodology/approach
The study is designed to evaluate library services by analyzing the Chernoff face. Big data on public libraries in London and Seoul were collected, respectively, from Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy and the Korean government’s website for drawing a Chernoff face. The association of variables and human facial features was decided by survey. Although limited in its capacity to handle a large number of variables (eight were analyzed in this study) the Chernoff face method does readily allow for the comparison of a large number of instances of analysis. A total of 58 Chernoff faces were drawn from the formatted data by using the R programming language.

Findings
The study reveals that most of the local governments in London perform better than those of Seoul. This consequence is due to the fact that local governments in London operate more libraries, invest more budgets, allocate more staff and hold more collections than local governments in Seoul. This administration resulted in more use of libraries in London than Seoul. The study validates the benefit of using the Chernoff face method for big data analysis of library services.

Practical implications
The Chernoff face method for big data analysis offers a new evaluation technique for library services and provides insights that may not be as readily apparent and discernible using more traditional analytical methods.

Originality/value
This study is the first to use the Chernoff face method for big data analysis of library services in library and information research.
Contract care in dentistry: sense‐making of the concept and in practice when multiple institutional logics are at play
Authors: Ulfsdotter Eriksson Ylva , Berg Karin , Boman Ulla Wide , Hakeberg Magnus 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn 2009 contract dental care was introduced into Sweden's Public Dental Service under a programme called Dental Care for Health (DCH). Previous research has revealed a possible dilemma whereby dental care professionals had the role of insurance agent foisted upon them, as they were assigned the task of ‘selling contracts’. Using qualitative interviews, this study explores how these professionals make sense of contract dental care today. Drawing on the concepts of occupational and organisational professionalism, in combination with the institutional logics perspective, we discern that dental care professionals are entangled in multiple rationalities when reasoning about and dealing withDCH. A professional logic comes into play over health issues and preventive care, while market and corporate logics are present in relation to selling contracts and taking responsibility for the financial aspects ofDCH, all of which creates tensions in these professionals. Overall, dental care professionals in the welfare sector respond both to an organisational and an occupational professionalism.
Double Emulsions Relevant to Food Systems: Preparation, Stability, and Applications
Authors: Muschiolik Gerald , Dickinson Eric 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis review describes advances in the preparation of food‐relevant double emulsions (DEs) of the water‐in‐oil‐in‐water (W/O/W) and oil‐in‐water‐in‐oil (O/W/O) types with emphasis on research published within the last decade. The information is assembled and critically evaluated according to the following aspects: the food application area, the range of encapsulated components and emulsion composition, the emulsification preparation methods, the balancing of the osmotic pressure, the stabilization by increased viscosity or gelation, the role of protein–polysaccharide interactions, and the techniques used to estimate DE yield and emulsification efficiency. Particular focus is directed toward the control of encapsulation and release behavior, including strategies that have been employed to improve the retention ability of the inner phase droplets by modifying the outer oil–water interface through mixed ingredient interactions, Pickering stabilization by particles, and biopolymer gelation. We also briefly consider the incorporation of DEs into dried microcapsules and the stability of W/O/W emulsions during eating and digestion. It would appear that 2 outstanding issues are currently preventing full realization of the potential of DEs in food applications: (i) the lack of availability of large‐scale production equipment to ensure efficient nondestructive 2nd‐stage emulsification, and (ii) the limited range of food‐grade ingredients available to successfully replace polyglycerol polyricinoleate as the primary emulsifier in W/O/W formulations.
Farm‐level Economic and Water Quality Impacts of Comprehensive Nutrient Management Plan Implementation in the Ohio River Basin
Authors: Osei Edward , Du Bing , Hauck Larry , Li Huijun , Tanter Alexander 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this article, we provide an assessment of comprehensive nutrient management plans (CNMPs) as a tool for addressing nonpoint nutrient and sediment losses from the animal feeding operations (AFOs) in the Ohio River Basin. We employ a macro modeling system to determine the aggregate economic and water quality impacts of CNMP implementation on AFOs in the entire basin. Results of the study indicate that implementing CNMPs on AFOs will help reduce sediment and organic nutrient losses from their current levels at moderate cost. The flexibility inherent in CNMP designs means farmers may be able to achieve water quality and other conservation goals at less cost with CNMPs than with other less flexible policy options.
Risk of discontinuation of antipsychotic long‐acting injections vs. oral antipsychotics in real‐life prescribing practice: a community‐based study
Authors: Verdoux H. , Pambrun E. , Tournier M. , Bezin J. , Pariente A. 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveTo compare the risk of discontinuation of ambulatory antipsychotic treatment in persons treated with antipsychotic long‐acting injections (LAIs) or by oral antipsychotics (OAPs).MethodsThe study was performed in a representative sample of persons newly treated with OAPs (n = 6904) affiliated to the French Insurance Healthcare system. The risk of all‐cause discontinuation was compared in patients prescribed OAPs (n = 246) vs. matched patients prescribed LAIs (n = 246) using multivariate survival analyses. Confounding by indication was minimized by matching on type of antipsychotic drug and by the high‐dimensional propensity score method.ResultsDiscontinuation was more frequent with OAPs (69%) compared to LAIs (57%) [adjusted relative risk (aRR) = 1.6, 95% CI 1.23–2.07]. Risk of discontinuation was higher for first‐generation (FGA) OAPs vs. FGA LAIs (aRR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.22–3.08) as well as for second‐generation (SGA) OAPs vs. SGA LAIs (aRR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.15–2.17). Over the 6‐month period after discontinuation of LAIs, a new antipsychotic drug was dispensed in 58% of patients, the most frequent pattern being dispensing of the same LAI as that prescribed before discontinuation.ConclusionsAlthough less frequent than with OAPs, the rate of ambulatory treatment discontinuation was high with LAIs. Prescription of LAIs should be associated with intervention strategies aimed at promoting medication adherence.
Joint Modeling of Longitudinal, Recurrent Events and Failure Time Data for Survivor's Population
Authors: Cai Qing , Wang Mei-Cheng , Chan Kwun Chuen Gary 
Published: March 2017

Summary
Recurrent events together with longitudinal measurements are commonly observed in follow-up studies where the observation is terminated by censoring or a primary failure event. In this article, we developed a joint model where the dependence of longitudinal measurements, recurrent event process and time to failure event is modeled through rescaling the time index. The general idea is that the trajectories of all biology processes of subjects in the survivors’ population are elongated or shortened by the rate identified from a model for the failure event. To avoid making disputing assumptions on recurrent events or biomarkers after the failure event (such as death), the model is constructed on the basis of survivors’ population. The model also possesses a specific feature that, by aligning failure events as time origins, the backward-in-time model of recurrent events and longitudinal measurements shares the same parameter values with the forward time model. The statistical properties, simulation studies and real data examples are conducted. The proposed method can be generalized to analyze left-truncated data.
The role of fault length, overlap and spacing in controlling extensional relay ramp fluvial system geometry
Authors: Hopkins Michael C. , Dawers Nancye H. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractRelay ramps are integral components of normal fault systems that control sediment transport pathways in evolving rifts. We attribute differences in the geometry of fluvial systems that drain relay ramps to the scale of the ramp bounding fault segments, the spacing between segments and the amount of overlap between segments. Previous conceptual models for relay ramp geomorphological evolution have assumed that ramp fluvial catchments develop on the ramp surfaces and flow parallel to fault strike into the adjacent basin. Numerous examples exist in nature, however, that show that this is not ubiquitous. The fundamental question of what drives differences in fluvial geometry in these settings has, to date, not been fully addressed. We selected 27 relay ramps across the Basin and Range, western North America, and mapped, via GPS and remote sensing, the faults and ramp fluvial systems associated with each site. The sites represent a range of fault scales, which we define by the total outboard fault length, and a range of spacing and overlap values in order to better understand the structural controls on differences among ramp fluvial systems. Results show that the majority of a relay ramp surface drains parallel to fault strike when the outboard fault is less than about 15 km long. High overlap/spacing ratios are associated with relays along shorter (<15 km long) outboard faults, whereas lower overlap/spacing ratios are associated with relays along longer faults. Relays with lower overlap/spacing values may be more common along longer outboard faults because they survive for longer periods of time in the landscape. Our geomorphological observations can be used to predict synrift depocenter locations along segmented faults, but these observations only apply if the faults are short (<15 km long) and in early rifting stages. At longer fault lengths, ramp fluvial system geometry has no discernable relationship with any specific structural parameter.
Don't forget to look down – collaborative approaches to predator conservation
Authors: Redpath Steve M. , Linnell John D. C. , Festa‐Bianchet Marco , Boitani Luigi , Bunnefeld Nils , Dickman Amy , Gutiérrez R. J. , Irvine R. J. , Johansson Maria , Majić Aleksandra , McMahon Barry J. , Pooley Simon , Sandström Camilla , Sjölander‐Lindqvist Annelie , Skogen Ketil , Swenson Jon E. , Trouwborst Arie , Young Juliette , Milner‐Gulland E. J. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTFinding effective ways of conserving large carnivores is widely recognised as a priority in conservation. However, there is disagreement about the most effective way to do this, with some favouring top‐down ‘command and control’ approaches and others favouring collaboration. Arguments for coercive top‐down approaches have been presented elsewhere; here we present arguments for collaboration. In many parts of the developed world, flexibility of approach is built into the legislation, so that conservation objectives are balanced with other legitimate goals. In the developing world, limited resources, poverty and weak governance mean that collaborative approaches are likely to play a particularly important part in carnivore conservation. In general, coercive policies may lead to the deterioration of political legitimacy and potentially to non‐compliance issues such as illegal killing, whereas collaborative approaches may lead to psychological ownership, enhanced trust, learning, and better social outcomes. Sustainable hunting/trapping plays a crucial part in the conservation and management of many large carnivores. There are many different models for how to conserve carnivores effectively across the world, research is now required to reduce uncertainty and examine the effectiveness of these approaches in different contexts.
Grief, loss, and separation: Experiences of birth children of foster carers
Authors: Williams Dave 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPrevious research identifies the increased exposure of birth children of foster carers to experiences of separation, grief, and loss due to the transient nature of foster care, but little is known about how birth children manage this loss. This paper reports findings from a qualitative study that examined the retrospective experiences of 15 adult birth children of foster carers (aged between 18 and 28 years) in Ireland. Findings suggest that birth children experience grief and loss when foster children leave their families. They report experiencing a range of emotional responses such as guilt, blame, and sadness. A reluctance to discuss their emotional responses with either their parents or foster care professionals was also reported. Instead, birth children developed strategies to manage the loss, such as distancing themselves from the foster care process. The study highlights the importance of social workers and foster carers explaining to birth children why foster children are leaving and, where possible, maintaining contact between birth children and foster children. Additionally, findings indicate the need for birth children to have safe nonjudgmental spaces to discuss their emotional reactions to loss.
Tunable Robustness: An Artificial Contact Strategy with Virtual Actuator Control for Balance
Authors: da Silva D. B. , Nunes R. F. , Vidal C. A. , Cavalcante‐Neto J. B. , Kry P. G. , Zordan V. B. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPhysically based characters have not yet received wide adoption in the entertainment industry because control remains both difficult and unreliable. Even with the incorporation of motion capture for reference, which adds believability, characters fail to be convincing in their appearance when the control is not robust. To address these issues, we propose a simple Jacobian transpose torque controller that employs virtual actuators to create a fast and reasonable tracking system for motion capture. We combine this controller with a novel approach we call the topple‐free foot strategy which conservatively applies artificial torques to the standing foot to produce a character that is capable of performing with arbitrary robustness. The system is both easy to implement and straightforward for the animator to adjust to the desired robustness, by considering the trade‐off between physical realism and stability. We showcase the benefit of our system with a wide variety of example simulations, including energetic motions with multiple support contact changes, such as capoeira, as well as an extension that highlights the approach coupled with a Simbicon controlled walker. With this work, we aim to advance the state‐of‐the‐art in the practical design for physically based characters that can employ unaltered reference motion (e.g. motion capture data) and directly adapt it to a simulated environment without the need for optimization or inverse dynamics.
Socket Shield Technique for immediate implant placement – clinical, radiographic and volumetric data after 5 years
Authors: Bäumer Daniel , Zuhr Otto , Rebele Stephan , Hürzeler Markus 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectivesImplant placement immediately after tooth extraction is often accompanied by resorption of surrounding tissues. A clinical technique was developed where the buccal portion of the root is retained to preserve the periodontal ligament and bundle bone. This technique is based on animal studies showing the potential to preserve the facial tissues utilizing this approach. The purpose of this study was to gain more insight regarding the safety of the technique with regard to biological and implant‐related long‐term complications and to observe the clinical appearance of the peri‐implant tissues. Another objective was to evaluate volumetric changes of the affected facial contours in long‐term and the esthetic outcomes.Material and MethodsThis study is a retrospective case series of 10 consecutive patients with implant replacement between the maxillary first premolars. Impressions were made prior to extraction (t1) and 5 years post‐implant placement (t2). 3D‐surface scans of the casts were digitally superimposed for quantitative evaluation of alterations of the facial peri‐implant tissue contours and soft tissue recessions. Additionally, clinical data were collected (PPD, BOP, peri‐apical radiographs and photographs).ResultsAll implants healed without adverse events. Peri‐implant probing revealed healthy conditions. The comparison of radiographic images showed physiologic bone remodeling at the implant shoulders. Mean tissue loss on the facial side in oro‐facial direction was −0.21 ± 0.18 mm. Average recession at implants was −0.33 ± 0.23 mm and at neighboring teeth −0.38 ± 0.27 mm. Mean loss of the marginal bone level at the implant shoulder amounted to 0.33 ± 0.43 mm at the mesial and 0.17 ± 0.36 mm at the distal aspect of the implants. A mean pink esthetic score of 12 was recorded.ConclusionVolumetric analysis showed a low degree of contour changes from extraction and implant placement to the follow‐ups. Mucosal recession at the implant restoration was comparable to that of the neighboring teeth. Within the limitations of this descriptive study, the socket shield technique offers reduced invasiveness at the time of surgery and high esthetic outcomes with effective preservation of facial tissue contours. This technique should not be used in routine clinical practice until a higher level evidence in the form of prospective clinical trials is available.
Diagnostic performance of the MelaFind device in a real‐life clinical setting
Authors: Fink Christine , Jaeger Claudia , Jaeger Katharina , Haenssle Holger A. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryBackgroundMelaFind is a multispectral computer vision system intended to ­provide additional information on melanocytic lesions suspected of being melanoma by ­objectively assessing their three‐dimensional morphology.ObjectivesAnalysis of the diagnostic performance of MelaFind in a real‐life clinical setting.Patients and methodsIn this observational study, 360 pigmented skin lesions (PSL) in 111 patients were assessed by office‐based dermatologists using MelaFind. Scores ≥ 2 were considered to be suspicious of malignancy. The decision for surgical excision was left to the discretion of the examining dermatologists.ResultsMelaFind scores ≥ 2 were observed in 147 of 360 PSL (40.8 %). Of the 107 excised lesions with a MelaFind‐score ≥ 2, the diagnosis of melanoma was made in three cases; 53 (49.5 %) lesions proved to be dysplastic nevi. Among all lesions biopsied (n = 113), the sensitivity and specificity of MelaFind was 100 % and 5.5 %, respectively. While a higher specificity of 68.5 % may be assumed with respect to the overall data set (n = 360), this assumption is limited by incomplete follow‐up data required to confirm that all non‐excised lesions with a score < 2 were actually benign.ConclusionThe high sensitivity of MelaFind facilitated the detection of melanoma. The overall specificity and benign‐to‐malignant ratio of excised lesions were acceptable. These parameters may be improved by using higher cutoff scores for excisional biopsies, and by more vigorously selecting PSL for MelaFind examination.