bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantification of Sand Production by Use of a Pressure-Gradient-Based Sand Failure Criterion
Authors: Fan Zhaoqi , Yang Daoyong 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
A pressure-gradient-based sand failure criterion has been proposed and validated to quantitatively determine the sand production and then characterize the corresponding wormhole growth and its propagations during cold heavy oil production with sand (CHOPS) processes. The new sand failure criterion was firstly developed at a pore-scale by analyzing the mechanical balance around a throat. To simplify the mechanical analysis, a pseudo-interaction force between a failed throat and the rest was proposed to comprehensively and implicitly represent the potential contribution of cementation and geomechanical stresses to fluidization of sand particles. As such, the mechanical balance was mathematically expressed by use of the pressure gradient, the pseudo-interaction force, and the friction caused by the mobilization of sand particles. Then, the sand failure criterion at the pore-scale was achieved and further extended to a grid-scale since the pressure gradient, a key factor dominating the sand production, is constant at either a pore-scale or a grid-scale within wormholes. With the bottomhole pressure as input constraints, the newly proposed sand failure criterion has been validated by history matching production profiles (i.e., cumulative oil production, cumulative gas production, and cumulative sand production) and wormhole propagations of laboratory sand production experiments in the literature. The new sand failure criterion has also been successfully applied to quantify the sand production and then characterize the wormhole propagations of a CHOPS well in the Cold Lake field, Canada. Good agreements have been found from history matching both the experimental measurements and field observations, confirming that the newly proposed sand failure criterion can be used to reproduce the multiphase flow under CHOPS conditions. It is found that both the sand failure and slurry flow contribute to the continuously observed sand production. According to the experimental measurements, the history-matched pressure distribution indicates that the wormhole propagation greatly depends on the magnitude of the breakdown pressure gradient. It is shown from the generated wormhole propagations that continuous sand production may cause heterogeneity no matter whether the original formation is homogeneous or heterogeneous. In addition, the newly proposed sand failure criterion is convenient to be incorporated with any numerical reservoir simulator and thus to be useful for field cases since only a few parameters are required to be inversely determined.
Sampling: The Key Piece for a Successful Steam-Solvent Pilot
Authors: Verlaan M. L. , Castellanos-Diaz O. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
A solvent enhanced steam drive pilot in the Peace River area in Canada was executed over a period of two years on an inverted 5-spot pattern to evaluate bitumen uplift and solvent recovery. Data quality and uncertainty management were used to assure conclusive results for the pilot; in particular, this paper focuses on how sampling played a key role in providing conclusive results. Especial focus is provided to the design, performance, execution, and learnings from the use of the automatic proportional samplers which was particularly challenging, considering their novel use on heavy oil production containing abrasive material such as sand and H2S. Moreover, to determine solvent production, several newly developed algorithms were tested to split the solvent and bitumen compositions, since they overlap over a wide range of components. Results from the pilot show that significant errors and misinterpretations can occur while evaluating solvent recovery whenever the assumptions under the solvent-bitumen split algorithms are not checked against frequent sampling data. The pilot also provided best practices for the utilization of proportional auto samplers in heavy oil production in the presence of abrasive material inherent to in-situ production, and the sampling of gas streams with heavy condensate for the accounting of solvent production through casing vent gas.
Chemical Additives and Foam Assisted SAGD Model Development
Authors: Li Ran , Wang Danling , Chen Zhangxin 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) is recognized as a profitable and stable approach to address the exploitation of heavy oil and oil sand resources. However, the efficiency of SAGD, a close relative of a sufficiently-expanded and uniformly-developed steam chamber, tends to be deteriorated by quick steam movement and high heterogeneity. Chemical additives and foam assisted SAGD (CAFA-SAGD) is a strategy proposed on this account. This study aims to analyze the mechanisms and phenomena involved.
The injection of chemical additives to promote in-situ foam generation reduces gas relative permeability by slow-moving and stagnant bubbles trapping. Also, lamella resists bubbles flow and increases apparent gas viscosity. The restriction of steam mobility thus favors a sufficiently-expanded steam chamber and the nitrogen co-injected to stabilize bubbles works as a separator between steam and overburden to reduce heat loss. Simultaneously, the interfacial tension reduction due to surfactants injection at a water/oil interface may influence phase behavior, which further leads to the solubilisation of residual oil. CAFA-SAGD is thus likely to increase heat efficiency and add oil output.
A homogeneous model is built to analyze CAFA-SAGD considering foam generation by snap-off and leave-behind, foam trapping in a porous medium and foam coalescence due to both the lack of surfactants and capillary suction. Besides, with the analysis of foam wall slip phenomena, a comprehensive foam property model is coupled to analyze shear thinning rheology and calculate lamella viscosity as a function of gas saturation and gas velocity. In addition, the influences generated by surfactant injection should be added. This study also develops an analytical FA-SAGD model based on Butler's finger rising model (1987) to show foam's effects on a steam chamber growth rate and shape. We derive the FA-SAGD model accounting for the retarded steam movement with higher steam viscosity and lower gas relative permeability. The foam viscosity is calculated as a function of gas saturation and a gas rate, and the modification of gas relative permeability is reflected with a higher gas residual saturation according to Bertin et al.'s foam property model (1998). After comparing, validating, and discussing the developed model against the SAGD model, we find that foam injection contributes to high production efficiency with less steam consumption. A lower steam mobility generated by stronger foam is more likely to have a lower SOR (steam-oil ratio).
The results agree well with the published high-temperature steam foam experiments and pilot tests. Strong bubbles accumulate along the boundary of a steam chamber to restrict steam movement, while weak foam fills inside the chamber to enhance steam trap, contributing to a higher oil recovery factor and lower SOR.
Modeling Polymer Flooding with Crossflow in Layered Reservoirs Considering Viscous Fingering
Authors: Luo Haishan , Li Zhitao , Tagavifar Mohsen , Lashgari HamidReza , Zhao Bochao , Delshad Mojdeh , Pope Gary A. , Mohanty Kishore K. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Polymer flooding has been commercially applied to a number of viscous oil fields in the past decade and gradually gained more popularity. Due to limited injectivity in viscous-oil reservoirs, a relatively low polymer viscosity is usually used to avoid excessive injection pressure. In such a case, mobility ratio of polymer solution to oil is much greater than one, which implies unstable flow and strong viscous fingering. Existing reservoir simulators lack the capability of modeling such a physical phenomenon. Since many viscous-oil reservoirs have high permeability contrast between layers, we are motivated to study, for the first time, the impact of crossflow between different layers considering the presence of viscous fingering.
Numerical modeling polymer floods with crossflow in a layered viscous-oil reservoir is difficult due to two major challenges: first is how to correctly allocate flow rates from the wellbore to multiple layers; and second is how to capture the viscous fingering effect without using excessively fine grids. To address the first issue, we developed an implicit well-rate-allocation model based on the potential method, which fully couples all the wellbore segments of each well with reservoir gridblocks to ensure a physical wellbore pressure. To deal with the second challenge, we implemented the effective fingering model, which is an upscaling model that lumps all the viscous fingers in a coarse grid block into one fictitious finger to allow for accurate estimation of fingering strength and growth during unstable flows. Both models were validated individually against the analytical solution or experimental data.
The integrative module including the two new capabilities was used to simulate a polymer flood following a waterflood in a layer-cake reservoir in North America with moderate oil viscosity. We observed the fast propagation of water fronts and small fingering fraction in high permeability layers during the waterflooding phase, indicating active channeling and viscous fingering. The subsequent polymer flooding minimized both factors of oil bypassing and led to stable flow and high sweep efficiency. Without the implicit well-rate-allocation model, crossflow was overestimated and wellbore pressures of different well blocks were not consistent. Without the effective-fingering model, oil recovery was overestimated due to the lack of accounting for viscous fingering. The simulation results indicated that polymer flooding improved both displacement and sweep efficiencies.
The model has shown comprehensive capabilities in reservoir simulations of polymer floods including unstable floods and crossflows between layers. This is a major significance to optimization of non-thermal viscous-oil EOR projects and also making more informed operational decisions for field developments.
Democracy and Anti-Corruption Strategy: The Role of Civil Society in Preventing and Combating Corruption in Indonesia*
Authors: Juwita, LL. M., Ratna 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTCorruption is an impediment to development and also amounts to a violation of human rights.1 The fight against corruption is a requirement in the good governance program.2 Civil society as the biggest stakeholder in a Statehas the prominent role in the fight againstcorruption.3 Indonesia placed at 107th rank in the Corruption Perception Index (CPI) and is one among states which are severely impededby corruption.4 Corruption in Indonesia is rampant and pervasive, several cases such as Cicak versus Buaya case and the appointmentof Budi Gunawan have attracted public attention massively.5 Indonesian civil society gunawan has actively engaged in the processes of these cases and their voice did make change, for example in the case of Cicak versus Buaya, the voice of civil society has led to the deponeering decision of Bibit and Chandera’s prosecution.6 This article aims to explain thelegal framework on the participation of civil society with regard to corruption prevention and to conceptualize the role of the civil societyin combating corruption by taking the evidence of emerging civil society and its relation to anti-corruption in Indonesia. This article alsoaims to explain the relationship between civil society, democracy and good governance as a strategic anti-corruption measures.
HOW DO INDEPENDENT AUDITORS DETECT FRAUDULENT FINANCIAL STATEMENTS?
Authors: Wigunani Theresia Laras 
Published: February 2017

(Participatory Observation in Public Accounting Firm “X”) ABSTRACTIndependent auditors have audit risk making them unable to detect material misstatements, especially those caused by fraud. This is because fraud may involve sophisticated, organized, and carefully designed scheme to be covered from the auditors. In addition, the audit risk could also be influenced by the negligence of the auditors, such as the audit that is not according to auditing standard, having no professional skepticism, and the inadequacy of training and audit experience. The objective of the research is to analyze whether the independent auditors perform a good audit planningand have a professional skepticism and audit experience to be able to detect fraudulent financial statement in the company in order to obtain a reasonable assurance. This research uses qualitative approach using participatory observation on 1 object, Public Accounting Firm (KAP) “X”, the only big four-audit firm that has a branch office in Surabaya. The research findings indicate that the audit team performs good audit planning, has professional skepticism and audit experience, can detect fraudulent financial statements.
PENGEMBANGAN LEMBAR KERJA PESERTA DIDIK (LKPD) INDUSTRI KECIL KIMIA BERORIENTASI KEWIRAUSAHAAN UNTUK SMK
Authors: Diniaty Artina , Atun Sri 
Published: February 2017

This study aims for developing students’ worksheet of entrepreneurship-oriented small-scale chemical industry, and investigating the quality of entrepreneurship-oriented small-scale chemical industry that is appropriate to be implemented in learning. This study is classified to research and development which refers to Borg & Gall development model. This research consists of four steps: which are introduction, planning, developing, and product evaluation. The product evaluation was conducted by peers, material and media experts, and chemistry teachers. The data collection instruments used validation sheet of the products. The results show that the developed products are in the form of students’ worksheet of entrepreneurship-oriented small-scale chemical industry, and the result of the assessment by chemistry teachers shows the average assessment is a good category so that this worksheet is feasible to be used in learning.
A gazdasági, technológiai és intézményi fejlettség összefüggésének empirikus vizsgálata: az innovátor és imitátor országok megkülönböztetése
Authors: Csugány Julianna 
Published: February 2017

A gazdasági növekedés hajtóerejének tekintett technológiai haladás kétféleképpen valósulhat meg a világ országaiban. Egyrészt realizálódhat önálló kutatás-fejlesztési tevékenység eredményeként, azaz innováció-vezérelt módon, másrészt a más országban már eredményesen működő újdonságok adaptálásával, azaz imitáció útján is. A technológiai fejlődés lehetőségét mindkét esetben alapvetően a formális és informális elemekből egyaránt építkező országspecifikus intézményrendszer teremti meg. A tanulmány célja, hogy a technológiai fejlődéshez szükséges intézményi környezet legfontosabb elemei alapján klaszterelemzés segítségével megkülönböztesse az innovátor és imitátor országokat. A gazdasági fejlettség és a technológiai-intézményi környezet mentén végzett klasszifikáció alátámasztja, hogy a gazdasági, technológiai és intézményi fejlettség egymással szorosan összefügg a vizsgált országokban.
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes: O31, O33, O43
Az érzékelt infláció viselkedésgazdaságtani megközelítése
Authors: Tréfás András 
Published: February 2017

Az infláció 2015-ben továbbra is alacsony szinten maradt mind Magyarországon, mind az Európai Unióban. Ezt a folyamatot azonban az emberek által érzékelt infláció csak részben követte, a fogyasztók jelentős része szerint az árak továbbra is nőnek. A mért és érzékelt infláció közötti eltérés általánosan megfigyelhető jelenség, évtizedek óta kutatott témakör. A tanulmány fő célja körbejárni ezt az anomáliát, felhasználva a viselkedésgazdaságtan eredményeit. Másrészről a releváns irodalom eredményeire támaszkodva megvizsgálom, miért érzékelnek eltérő inflációt a társadalmi csoportok, illetve Magyarország esetében empirikus elemzést is folytatok, statisztikai és ökonometriai módszertant használva. Általános érvényű következtetésem, hogy a torzítások, heurisztikák érdemben befolyásolják az egyének, társadalmi csoportok által érzékelt inflációt, noha a hatás kvantifikációja nehéz. A magyar empíriát vizsgálva ugyancsak kimutathatók torzítások, noha ezek nem minden esetben egyeznek a nemzetközi megfigyelések eredményeivel.
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes: E03
PENGEMBANGAN POTENSI PARIWISATA SPIRITUAL BERBASIS MASYARAKAT LOKAL DI BALI
Authors: . Sukadi 
Published: February 2017

Bali memiliki daya tarik wisata yang beragam. Wisata spiritual belum banyak dikembangkan oleh masyarakat lokal Bali. Tujuan penelitian tahun pertama ini adalah mengidentifikasi potensi pariwisata spiritual di Bali dan merumuskan strategi pengembangan serta pemasaran pariwisata spiritual di Bali. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan etnografi di tiga Kabuapten di Bali. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Pura Lempuyang Luhur, Pura Penegil Dharma, Pura Negara Gambur Anglayang, Pura Ponjok Batu, Pura Pulaki, dan Pura Perancak dengan segala aktivitas spiritualnya sangat cocok dikembangkan sebagai objek wisata spiritual di Bali. Ini karena seluruh pura dapat memberikan pengalaman nilai-nilai historis, sosial budaya, dan nilai-nilai spiritual kepada wisatawan yang datang. Strategi pengembangan dan pemasaran yang masih harus dilakukan antara lain adalah pemberdayaan masyarakat lokal pengempon pura, koordinasi dengan pemkab dan pihak-pihak terkait, penataan lingkungan pura yang lebih baik, penyediaan sarana pendukung yang lebih baik, kegiatan inventarisasi dan dokumentasi, sosialisasi melalui media TIK, sosialisasi melalui kerja sama dengan asosiasi perhotelan dan jasa wisata lainnya, sosialisasi melalui desa pakraman, sekolah dan perguruan tinggi, dunia kerja dan industri, masyarakat transmigran Bali, dan masyarakat Hindu Nusantara.
ANALISIS DAMPAK PROGRAM PENGEMBANGAN KECAMATAN TERHADAP PENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN DI KABUPATEN BULELENG
Authors: Gunamantha I Made 
Published: February 2017

Pendekatan Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Mandiri Pedesaan PNPM-MPD merupakan pengembangan lebih lanjut dari Program Pengembangan Kecamatan (PPK) yang sudah dilaksanakan sejak tahun 1998. Salah satu agenda penting di tingkat masyarakat terkait pelaksanaan PNPM Mandiri Pedesaan adalah kegiatan pengembangan kapasitas indvidu masyarakat, pada tataran pelaksanaan di masyarakat kegiatan pengembangan kapasitas tersebut meliputi proses sosialisasi, pelatihan dan pelaksanaan siklus pemberdayaan. Alat analisis yang digunakan dalam mengevaluasi proses pemberdayaan adalah menggunakan model pendekatan evaluasi Fujikake. Model Fujikake merupakan salah satu model evaluasi yang menurut penulis cukup implementatif, dimana indikator-indikator yang digunakan cukup lengkap dan bisa diukur dengan jelas. Penjabaran mengenai model analisis ini telah dijelaskan secara detail dalam kajian literatur. Hasil dari analisis model Fujikake ini selanjutnya digunakan sebagai masukan atau akan dibahas lebih dalam pada metode analisis berikutnya yaitu analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Dari hasil penelitian dan analisis yang telah dilakukan maka didapatkan temuan bahwa rangkaian kegiatan pengembangan kapasitas yang dilaksanakan dalam program pemberdayaan masyarakat PNPM Mandiri Pedesaan di Kecamatan Sawan dan Kecamatan Kubutambahan Kabupaten Buleleng telah menunjukkan perkembangan kapasitas masyarakat yang cukup baik, hal ini sesuai dengan teori yang menyatakan bahwa pemberdayaan menekankan pentingnya suatu proses edukatif atau pembelajaran dalam melengkapi masyarakat untuk meningkatkan keberdayaan mereka, sehingga masyarakat memiliki gagasan-gagasan, pemahaman, kosakata, dan keterampilan bekerja menuju perubahan yang efektif dan berkelanjutan (Ife dan Tesoriero, 2008: 148 dan 350).
PERPUSTAKAAN GEDONG KERTYA DI KOTA SINGARAJA (PENGELOLAAN DAN KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH DALAM PENGEMBANGANNYA SEBAGAI LEMBAGA PRESERVASI KEBUDAYAAN BALI)
Authors: Sri Ariyani Luh Putu 
Published: February 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Memahami sistem pengelolaan perpustakaan Gedong Kertya dalam wujud praktik-praktik sosial; (2) Memahami kebijakan Pemerintah Kabupaten Buleleng dalam rangka menumbuhkembangkan perpustakaan Gedong Kertya sebagai asset daerah yang menyimpan kekayaan intelektual masyarakat Bali. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan memahami fenomena sosial dari perspektif partisipan atau menurut perspektif emik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan perpustakaan Gedong Kertya sangat khas karena layanan yang diberikan di tempat itu tidak ditemukan pada perpustakaan lainnya. Kebijakan yang mengatur tentang sumber daya manusia maupun sumber daya finansial di Gedong Kertya hingga saat ini belum ada sehingga kebutuhan yang diperlukan belum bisa tercapai dengan optimal. Anggaran yang sangat minim telah menyebabkan Gedong Kertya terpaksa menghentikan kegiatan yang dianggap penting bagi kelangsungan kebudayaan Bali.
PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DI DAERAH TUJUAN WISATA DESA PEMUTERAN DALAM RANGKA PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA BERKELANJUTAN
Authors: Mudana I Wayan 
Published: February 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskrepsikan tentang bentuk pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam pengembangan pariwisata yang berkelanjutan di Desa Pemuteran. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan analisis data dilakukan dengan triangulasi. Melalaui hal itu dapat dikemukakan bahwa bentuk pemberdayaan yang dikembangkan adalah bentuk pemberdayaan masyarakat lokal. Strategi pemberdayaannya dilakukan secara terpadu baik yang bersifat mikro, mezzo, maupun makro. Kebijakan pemberdayaan masyarakat Desa Pemuteran meliputi pengembangan SDM, pengembangan ekonomi, pengembangan kelembagaan, pengembangan prasara/sarana, dan pengembangan informasi. Pemberdayaan masyarakat Desa Pemuteran seperti itu dapat mendukung pengembangan pariwisata berkelanjutan.
PENYUSUNAN KAMUS SERAPAN DALAM BAHASA BALI
Authors: Suandi I Nengah 
Published: February 2017

Penelitian pengembangan ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan dan mengklasifikasi daftar kata serapan yang akan dijadikan bahan penyusunan Kamus Serapan dalam Bahasa Bali (KSBB) ditinjau dari segi sumber atau asal bahasanya dan kelas katanya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam tiga tahap dengan luaran masing-masing tahap sebagai berikut. Pada tahap I, produk yang diharapkan berupa (1) daftar kata/istilah yang akan menjadi lema untuk bahan Kamus Serapan Bahasa Bali , yang mencakup seluruh bidang kajian dan (2) artikel ilmiah rangkuman hasil penelitian yang siap diterbitkan pada jurnal nasional. Penelitian ini dirancang mengikuti alur pemikiran penelitian pengembangan (Research and Development) yang diadaptasi dari pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran model 4-D (Define, Design, Develop, dan Disseminate). Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) berbagai dokumen berbahasa Bali seperti kamus berbahasa Bali, majalah berbahasa Bali, dan Orti Bali (berita berbahasa Bali pada Program Sisipan Koran Bali Post Minggu) dan (2) siaran berbahasa Bali di media elektromik baik yang berupa radio maupun televisi (RRI Stasiun Singaraja dan Bali TV). Dari semua sumber data itulah, dikumpulkan kata-kata atau istilah-istilah dalam berbagai bidang kehidupan yang berasal dari luar bahasa Bali (bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa asing terutama bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa internasional) dan secara emperis digunakan dalam setiap tuturan berbahasa Bali baik secara lisan maupun secara tertulis. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode dokumentassi kemudian dianalisis dengan metode analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ditemukan 1.772 kata atau istilah yang merupakan kata serapan dalam bahasa Bali. Jumlah kata serapan sebanyak itu sebagian besar berasal dari bahasa Indonesia, yaitu sebanyak 1.699 buah (95.88%). Sisanya berasal dari bahasa Inggris sebanyak 68 buah (3.84%) dan dari bahasa Sansekerta sebanyak 5 buah (0.28 %). Jika dirinci dari segi kelas katanya, jumlah kata serapan sebanyak 1.772 buah itu berasal dari kata benda sebanyak 1.162 buah (65.58%), kata kerja sebanyak 214 buah (12.07%), dan kata sifat 396 buah (22.35%).