bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crossing the Pacific: Genomics Reveals the Presence of Japanese Sardine (Sardinops melanosticta) in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem
Authors: Longo Gary C. , Minich Jeremiah J. , Allsing Nicholas , James Kelsey , Adams‐Herrmann Ella S. , Larson Wes , Hartwick Nolan , Duong Tiffany , Muhling Barbara , Michael Todd P. , Craig Matthew T. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTRecent increases in frequency and intensity of warm water anomalies and marine heatwaves have led to shifts in species ranges and assemblages. Genomic tools can be instrumental in detecting such shifts. In the early stages of a project assessing population genetic structure in Pacific Sardine (Sardinops sagax), we detected the presence of Japanese Sardine (Sardinops melanosticta) along the west coast of North America for the first time. We assembled a high quality, chromosome‐scale reference genome of the Pacific Sardine and generated low coverage, whole genome sequence (lcWGS) data for 345 sardine collected in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem (CCLME) in 2021 and 2022. Fifty individuals sampled in 2022 were identified as Japanese Sardine based on strong differentiation observed in lcWGS SNP and full mitogenome data. Although we detected a single case of mitochondrial introgression, we did not observe evidence for recent hybridization events. These findings change our understanding of Sardinops spp. distribution and dispersal in the Pacific and highlight the importance of long‐term monitoring programs.
The US Strategic Shifts Necessary For Stability in the Middle East
Authors: Mousavian Seyed Hossein 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe combination of the October 7 attacks and Israel's retaliation in the Gaza Strip has brought the Middle East closer than ever to all‐out war. While analysts focus on the long‐running enmity between Tel Aviv and Tehran, this article contends that the region can move toward stability only with changes in US policy, especially toward Iran. Ending 40 years of hostile relations would not only help reduce the likelihood of a prolonged Israel‐Iran war but also create the conditions necessary to resolve crises in Lebanon, Syria, Yemen, and Iraq. The key is to revive the nuclear negotiations and move to a deal that can tamp down rivalries that threaten West Asian security. The author, who as an Iranian official participated in early rounds of nuclear talks in the early 2000s, analyzes the US‐Iran rivalry, recommends how to move toward a nuclear‐free region, and makes recommendations for shifts in American strategy.
Utilization of stable isotopes in teeth to investigate pygmy sperm whales (Kogia breviceps) in the southeastern United States
Authors: Hackel Nicole R. , McFee Wayne E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps) is currently the second‐most stranded cetacean in the southeastern United States (SEUS), but information concerning their population structure is severely limited. This study used stable isotope analysis to investigate the isotopic niches and population structure of K. breviceps among three regions in the SEUS determined by the distance of the continental shelf break and a fourth region in the Gulf of Mexico. Teeth from stranded individuals were subsampled via dental drill at four separate areas on each tooth, representing four different age classes: calf, juvenile, subadult, and adult. Stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen were measured in the organic component of 42 teeth, and oxygen isotope ratios were measured in the inorganic (hydroxyapatite) component of 19 teeth. No differences were found in δ13C, δ15N, or δ18O values between regions. However, differences between age classes were significant for adults and subadults for δ13C and adults and juveniles for δ15N. Differences between males and females were also significant for δ15N. Results from this study provide the first carbon and nitrogen isotope values from different age classes of pygmy sperm whales as well as the first reported oxygen isotope values for this species.
The Mechanical Properties of Orthodontic Aligners of Clear Aligner After Intraoral Use in Different Time Periods
Authors: Siotou Kalliopi , Chountalas Theofanis , Katsavrias Athanasios , Siotos Charalampos , Mpalias Konstantinos , Semitekolos Dionysios , Charitidis Constantinos , Tsolakis Apostolos I. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveAlthough the technique of orthodontic aligners has risen in popularity, their mechanical properties have not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanical properties of the orthodontic aligners Clear Aligner after intraoral use for 7, 10 and 14 days, and to compare them with as‐received aligners (0 days). It was also sought to examine the properties of the unprocessed raw material (polyethylene glycol terephthalate) used to manufacture these aligners.Materials/MethodsThirty‐two aligners by four patients were evaluated and studied at 0, 7, 10, 14 days of use. Each aligner was divided into three segments (two posterior and one anterior), which resulted in 96 samples. Also, 16 samples of unprocessed material were studied. For all samples, elastic modulus, ultimate tensile stress (UTS) and yield stress were calculated by conducting tensile testing. Additionally, material hardness was tested. The two‐tailed Mann–Whitney test was performed, having set the level of significance at p = 0.05.ResultsAnalysis of the measurements indicated a statistically significant decrease in elastic modulus between days 0 and 14 of use, of UTS between days 0 and 7, 7 and 10, and of yield stress between days 0 and 7. For hardness, in every period, posterior segments demonstrated significantly higher values than anterior segments. All properties of the unprocessed material were statistically significantly higher than the processed samples.ConclusionsThe unprocessed material presented significant differences in every property tested in comparison to the processed aligners. The processed material showed further deterioration over time during use. The present study provides evidence that thermoforming and ageing affect the mechanical properties of the aligners.
The Role of Carnosic Acid in the UV‐B Stress Resistance Signalling Pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Han Danlu , Lin Chufang , Xia Simin , Zheng Xiaoting , Zhu Chengluo , Shen Yue , Chen Yue , Peng Changlian , Wang Caijuan , He Jinming , Lai Jianbin , Yang Chengwei 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTCarnosic acid (CA) is recognized as an antioxidant that confers protection to plants against various forms of oxidative stress, including UV‐B stress. However, limited research has been conducted to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying its defence against UV‐B stress. In this study, we demonstrated that CA exhibits more efficacy compared to other antioxidants in UV‐B resistance. Moreover, CA was found to enhance the accumulation of secondary metabolites in Arabidopsis leaves. Through the analysis of differentially expressed genes in response to UV‐B stress with or without CA treatment, we uncovered that the exogenous application of CA effectively activates the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in Arabidopsis to improve resistance of Arabidopsis to UV‐B stress.
Rare nonsynonymous germline and mosaic de novo variants in Japanese patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Watanabe Yuichiro , Nishioka Masaki , Morikawa Ryo , Takano‐Isozaki Satoko , Igeta Hirofumi , Mori Kanako , Kato Tadafumi , Someya Toshiyuki 
Published: October 2024

AimWhole‐exome sequencing (WES) studies have revealed that germline de novo variants (gDNVs) contribute to the genetic etiology of schizophrenia. However, the contribution of mosaic DNVs (mDNVs) to the risk of schizophrenia remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we systematically investigated the gDNVs and mDMVs that contribute to the genetic etiology of schizophrenia in a Japanese population.MethodsWe performed deep WES (depth: 460×) of 73 affected offspring and WES (depth: 116×) of 134 parents from 67 families with schizophrenia. Prioritized rare nonsynonymous gDNV and mDNV candidates were validated using Sanger sequencing and ultra‐deep targeted amplicon sequencing (depth: 71,375×), respectively. Subsequently, we performed a Gene Ontology analysis of the gDNVs and mDNVs to obtain biological insights. Lastly, we selected DNVs in known risk genes for psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders.ResultsWe identified 62 gDNVs and 98 mDNVs. The Gene Ontology analysis of mDNVs implicated actin filament and actin cytoskeleton as candidate biological pathways. There were eight DNVs in known risk genes: splice region gDNVs in AKAP11 and CUL1; a frameshift gDNV in SHANK1; a missense gDNV in SRCAP; missense mDNVs in CTNNB1, GRIN2A, and TSC2; and a nonsense mDNV in ZFHX4.ConclusionOur results suggest the potential contributions of rare nonsynonymous gDNVs and mDNVs to the genetic etiology of schizophrenia. This is the first report of the mDNVs in schizophrenia trios, demonstrating their potential relevance to schizophrenia pathology.
SNP‐based QTL mapping and identification of panicle structure‐related genes in rice
Authors: Park Jae‐Ryoung , Seo Jeonghwan , Lee Chang‐Min , Jeong O‐Young , Jin Mina , Park Songhee , Park Hyun‐Su 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRice is a staple crop providing a significant portion of the global food supply. It is then crucial to develop strategies for breeding high‐yield cultivars to meet global food security challenges, including the UN's zero‐hunger goal. In this study, QTL mapping was employed to pinpoint key genomic regions linked to traits influencing rice yield, with a focus on panicle structure—a critical determinant of grain number. Over two consecutive years, QTLs were identified using 88 JJ625LG/Namchan Recombinant Inbred Lines (JNRILs), revealing several candidate genes. Notably, Gn1a, a known regulator of grain number, was mapped within qNS1 and qNSSr1‐1, while the sd1 gene, linked to plant height, was detected across multiple QTLs. Furthermore, a novel gene, OsNSMq3 (Os03g0843800), encoding a methyltransferase, was identified in various QTLs, with haplotype and sequence homology analysis suggesting its role in enhancing yield by influencing panicle structure development. The increase in primary and secondary branches, driven by these genes, leads to a higher number of spikelets per panicle, thereby boosting yield. These findings underscore the potential of candidate genes from stable QTLs as valuable tools in molecular breeding to develop high‐yield rice cultivars, addressing global hunger and aiding food supply in refugee crises.
Policy design and policy feedback in welfare retrenchment: A survey experiment in China
Authors: He Alex Jingwei , Zhu Ling , Qian Jiwei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA growing body of public policy literature examines how welfare retrenchment reform produces attitudinal and behavioral feedback effects. This study adds to the literature on welfare reforms by exploring how different policy designs, combined with individual proximity to reform, produce heterogeneous feedback effects. Bridging the theories of policy feedback and policy design, we theorize how different policy designs shape individuals' self‐interest or sociotropic considerations when they form opinions on welfare reform. The feedback effects of these different policy designs are channeled by individual proximity to the reform, resulting in heterogeneous responses to proposed policy change. Seizing an opportune time window when the Chinese government undertook a public consultation program in 2020 regarding the proposed reform reallocating financial resources in individuals' medical savings accounts, we conducted a survey experiment to examine if two different policy designs led to varying feedback effects. We find that the moderate de facto retrenchment reform indeed triggered public opposition. Unlike previous research that emphasizes partisanship as a major source of heterogeneous feedback effects, our study reveals different sources of heterogeneity—public opposition to the proposed reform varies by the specific policy designs and individuals' past experiences with the existing health insurance policy.
Political will as a source of policy innovation
Authors: Shen Shiran Victoria 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn an era of disruptive global challenges, from climate crises to pandemics, understanding the drivers of drastic policy innovation is paramount. This study defines drastic policy innovation as a significant shift in governmental priorities through policies untried by most jurisdictions in a country. While policy entrepreneurs are often credited with initiating change, this study argues that political will is essential for enacting and implementing such innovative policies. Political will is defined as the degree of commitment among key decision makers to enact and implement specific policies. It is characterized by three key components: authority (the power to enact and enforce policy), capacity (the resources to implement it effectively), and legitimacy (the perceived rightfulness of actions by stakeholders). Through the case of low‐carbon city experimentation in China, this study examines how political will drives the adoption and implementation of these policies. The findings reveal that a high level of political will is significantly linked to more drastically innovative policies being enacted and implemented and that when political will is institutionalized, implementation continues despite leadership turnover. These insights likely apply to other policy contexts and countries, regardless of regime type, albeit with some caveats.
Daily glycome and transcriptome profiling reveals polysaccharide structures and correlated glycosyltransferases critical for cotton fiber growth
Authors: Swaminathan Sivakumar , Grover Corrinne E. , Mugisha Alither S. , Sichterman Lauren E. , Lee Youngwoo , Yang Pengcheng , Mallery Eileen L. , Jareczek Josef J. , Leach Alexis G. , Xie Jun , Wendel Jonathan F. , Szymanski Daniel B. , Zabotina Olga A. 
Published: October 2024

SUMMARYCotton fiber is the most valuable naturally available material for the textile industry and the fiber length and strength are key determinants of its quality. Dynamic changes in the pectin, xyloglucan, xylan, and cellulose polysaccharide epitope content during fiber growth contribute to complex remodeling of fiber cell wall (CW) and quality. Detailed knowledge about polysaccharide compositional and structural alteration in the fiber during fiber elongation and strengthening is important to understand the molecular dynamics of fiber development and improve its quality. Here, large‐scale glycome profiling coupled with fiber phenotype and transcriptome profiling was conducted on fiber collected daily covering the most critical window of fiber development. The profiling studies with high temporal resolution allowed us to identify specific polysaccharide epitopes associated with distinct fiber phenotypes that might contribute to fiber quality. This study revealed the critical role of highly branched RG‐I pectin epitopes such as β‐1,4‐linked‐galactans, β‐1,6‐linked‐galactans, and arabinogalactans, in addition to earlier reported homogalacturonans and xyloglucans in the formation of cotton fiber middle lamella and contributing to fiber plasticity and elongation. We also propose the essential role of heteroxylans (Xyl‐MeGlcA and Xyl‐3Ar), as a guiding factor for secondary CW cellulose microfibril arrangement, thus contributing to fiber strength. Correlation analysis of profiles of polysaccharide epitopes from glycome data and expression profiles of glycosyltransferase‐encoding genes from transcriptome data identified several key putative glycosyltransferases that are potentially involved in synthesizing the critical polysaccharide epitopes. The findings of this study provide a foundation to identify molecular factors that dictate important fiber traits.
Numerical Investigations of a Single Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe for Cryogenic Applications
Authors: Singh Abhinav , Ghosh Indranil 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The thermohydraulics of a single-loop pulsating heat pipe (PHP) for cryogenic applications have been simulated. The 120 mm long PHP tube is made of a 1.5 mm diameter inner tube of thickness 0.83 mm. The computation fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis performed with the ansysfluent software is a 2D numerical study using pure nitrogen as the working fluid in binary phases. The boundary condition on the evaporator is of constant heat flux, while the same on the condenser is of constant temperature. The phase behavior of the liquid and vapor and their interactions are accounted for through the volume of fluid (VOF) method and the Lee model. The numerical model is validated using the existing experimental data, with an agreement of less than 8% between them. The thermo-hydraulic variations of temperature, pressure, and velocity have been simulated for different heat loads and fractional liquid contents (fill ratios). The temperature and pressure oscillations set in the PHP-fluid increase with the heat added to the evaporator while the fluid velocity remains independent. The heat load and the fill ratio dictate the effective thermal conductivity—attaining nearly 3400 W/mK for a fill ratio of 70% in the chosen PHP geometry. An alteration has been made in the Jacob number to predict the dominance of sensible heat over latent heat in a PHP, postulated by other researchers. The constant fill ratio assumption is not truly valid as it indicates a small yet finite variation with the change in the heat load.
Multimodal Shunt Damping of Monolithic Bladed Drums Using Multiple Digital Vibration Absorbers
Authors: Dietrich Jennifer , Raze Ghislain , Charles Xavier , Kerschen Gaëtan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Based on a digital realization of piezoelectric shunt circuits, this work presents a proof-of-concept damping approach tailored to address the complex dynamics of monolithic bladed drums (BluMs) and attenuate their vibrations. This approach comprises the simultaneous use of multiple digital vibration absorbers (DVAs) together with a mean shunt strategy, taking advantage of the fact that multiple absorbers act simultaneously on the structure and that the blade modes of BluMs appear closely spaced. In order to target multiple groups of modes, this strategy is incorporated in a multistaged shunt circuit. The damping concept is numerically and experimentally demonstrated on a BluM with multiple piezoelectric patches, proving its ability to achieve excellent damping performance on multiple groups of modes. This performance is shown to be relatively insensitive to the spatial distribution of the shunted patches. Based on a robustness study, it was also found that the shunts are robust to changes in the host structure which could, e.g., be due to mistuning. Owing their digital nature, DVAs are easily adjustable making them highly attractive in practical applications.
Associations Between Sedentary Behavior and Motor Competence in 3- to 4-Year-Olds: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kwofie Nana A. , Janssen Xanne , Reilly John J. 
Published: October 2024

Background: Several studies have reported low adherence to World Health Organization sedentary behavior (SB) guidelines in the early years. The purpose of this review is to examine the associations between time spent in different types of SB (screen time and habitual SB) and motor competence (MC; fundamental motor skills, fine and gross motor skills, locomotor skills, and object control and balance) in 3- to 4-year-olds. Methods: Five databases were searched on the 27th of July 2021, with an updated search conducted on the 30th of September 2023: Web of Science (core collection), PubMed Central, EMBASE (Ovid), SPORT Discus, and ERIC. Studies were included in the review if they reported on an association between time spent in SB at ages 3–4 years and MC. The methodological quality for each of the included studies was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Vote counting was used to determine the direction of associations. Results: Of 5,276 total studies found in the search, 16 studies (12 cross-sectional, four longitudinal) from 11 different countries met the inclusion criteria. Seven studies examined the association between screen time and MC, six examined associations between time spent in SB and MC, and three examined the association of both screen time and time spent in SB with MC. The direction of associations was predominantly negative for both screen time and time spent in habitual SB with different components of MC. Quality of evidence ranged from three to seven out of nine for cross-sectional studies and six to nine out of 12 for longitudinal studies. Conclusions: There may be negative associations between time spent sedentary and MC in 3- to 4-year-olds. However, future studies with stronger study designs are required to confirm these associations. Findings from this review should be considered when designing strategies and interventions to promote adherence to SB guidelines.
Assessing antimicrobial resistance in pasture-based dairy farms: a 15-month surveillance study in New Zealand
Authors: Collis Rose M. , Biggs Patrick J. , Burgess Sara A. , Midwinter Anne C. , Liu Jinxin , Brightwell Gale , Cookson Adrian L. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Antimicrobial resistance is a global public and animal health concern. Antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) have been detected in dairy farm environments globally; however, few longitudinal studies have utilized shotgun metagenomics for ARG surveillance in pasture-based systems. This 15-month study aimed to undertake a baseline survey using shotgun metagenomics to assess the relative abundance and diversity of ARGs in two pasture-based dairy farm environments in New Zealand with different management practices. There was no statistically significant difference in overall ARG relative abundance between the two dairy farms (
P
= 0.321) during the study period. Compared with overseas data, the relative abundance of ARG copies per 16S rRNA gene in feces (0.08–0.17), effluent (0.03–0.37), soil (0.20–0.63), and bulk tank milk (0.0–0.12) samples was low. Models comparing the presence or absence of resistance classes found in >10% of all feces, effluent, and soil samples demonstrated no statistically significant associations (
P
> 0.05) with “season,” and only multi-metal (
P
= 0.020) and tetracycline (
P
= 0.0003) resistance were significant at the “farm” level. Effluent samples harbored the most diverse ARGs, some with a recognized public health risk, whereas soil samples had the highest ARG relative abundance but without recognized health risks. This highlights the importance of considering the genomic context and risk of ARGs in metagenomic data sets. This study suggests that antimicrobial resistance on pasture-based dairy farms is low and provides essential baseline ARG surveillance data for such farming systems.

IMPORTANCE
Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat to human and animal health. Despite the detection of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in dairy farm environments globally, longitudinal surveillance in pasture-based systems remains limited. This study assessed the relative abundance and diversity of ARGs in two New Zealand dairy farms with different management practices and provided important baseline ARG surveillance data on pasture-based dairy farms. The overall ARG relative abundance on these two farms was low, which provides further evidence for consumers of the safety of New Zealand’s export products. Effluent samples harbored the most diverse range of ARGs, some of which were classified with a recognized risk to public health, whereas soil samples had the highest ARG relative abundance; however, the soil ARGs were not classified with a recognized public health risk. This emphasizes the need to consider genomic context and risk as well as ARG relative abundance in resistome studies.