bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hospitalization costs and complications in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Beijing, China
Authors: Bao Xiaoyuan , Yang Chao , Fang Kai , Shi Moye , Yu Guopei , Hu Yonghua 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to investigate hospitalization costs, diabetes complications, and their relationships using a large dataset in Beijing, China.MethodsData for 2006–10 from the 38 top‐ranked (Grade 3 A) hospitals in Beijing, obtained from electronic Hospitalization Summary Reports (HSRs), were analyzed for hospitalization costs and diabetic complications. Patient demographics, types of costs, and length of hospital stay (LOS) were also evaluated.ResultsDuring the period evaluated, 62 523 patients with diabetes were hospitalized, of which 41 875 (67.0 %) had diabetes‐associated complications. The median cost of hospitalization for diabetic patients was 7996.11 RMB. Prescribed drugs and laboratory tests were two major contributors to hospitalization costs, accounting for 36.2 % and 22.4 %, respectively. Hospitalization costs were significantly associated with LOS, number of complications, age, year of admission, admission status, sex, and medical insurance (P < 0.001). Both hospitalization costs and LOS increased substantially with an increase in the number of complications (P < 0.001). The highest hospitalization costs were seen in those diabetic patients with foot complications.ConclusionDiabetic complications have a significant effect on increases in hospitalization costs and LOS in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
A retrospective review of cyproheptadine for feeding intolerance in children less than three years of age: effects and side effects
Authors: Merhar Stephanie L. , Pentiuk Scott P. , Mukkada Vincent A. , Meinzen‐Derr Jareen , Kaul Ajay , Butler Dawn R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimPremature infants and those with brain injury often suffer from feeding intolerance and vomiting in the first several years of life. Cyproheptadine is a medication with antihistaminergic, antiserotonergic and anticholinergic effects, thought to increase gastric accommodation. We aimed to retrospectively review our experience using cyproheptadine for feeding intolerance and/or vomiting in children under the age of three.MethodsThis is a retrospective chart review of 39 patients less than three years of age who were prescribed cyproheptadine for feeding intolerance or vomiting and had follow‐up information available.ResultsStarting dose ranged widely (from 0.069 to 0.825 mg/kg/day). Side effects such as sleepiness and constipation were rare. The medication had a significant positive effect, defined as resolution of vomiting, improved feeding tolerance or improved comfort with feeds, in 67% of children. An additional 28% showed possible improvement, defined as some improvement in vomiting or improvement in vomiting or feeding tolerance in conjunction with other changes in addition to cyproheptadine.ConclusionIn our experience, cyproheptadine appears to be safe and effective in decreasing vomiting and feeding intolerance in children less than three years of age. A trial of cyproheptadine could be considered before invasive testing in infants with feeding issues.
The effect of antagonist tooth contact on the biomechanical response of custom‐fitted mouthguards
Authors: Veríssimo Crisnicaw , Bicalho Aline Aredes , Soares Priscilla Barbosa Ferreira , Tantbirojn Daranee , Versluis Antheunis , Soares Carlos J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackground/AimCustom‐fitted mouthguards are devices used to prevent dental injuries. The aim of this study was to verify the influence of the antagonist contact on the stresses and strains of the anterior teeth, shock absorption and displacement of EVA custom‐fitted mouthguards during a horizontal impact.Materials and methodsFinite element models of human maxillary central incisors with and without a mouthguard for different occlusion conditions (with and without antagonist contact) were created based on tomography. A nonlinear dynamic impact analysis using the single‐step Houbolt method was performed in which a rigid object hit the model at 1 m s−1. Strain and stress were evaluated by means of Von Mises and Critical modified Von Mises criterion and shock absorption during impact were calculated as well as the mouthguard displacement.ResultsThe model without mouthguard and without antagonist contact showed the highest stress and strain values at the enamel and dentin in the tooth crown on impact compared to the model without mouthguard and with antagonist contact. Mouthguard presence reduced the stress and strain values regardless of the occlusion condition. The mouthguard displacement decreased with the mandibular antagonist contact.ConclusionsMouthguards are efficient at decreasing the stress and strain values on the tooth in front of an impact reaching more than 90% of shock absorption. A mouthguard with balanced occlusion and maximum number of contacts with mandibular anterior teeth should be considered because it reduces mouthguard displacement.
Inbreeding depression in Zebu cattle traits
Authors: Pereira R.J. , Santana M.L. , Ayres D.R. , Bignardi A.B. , Menezes G.R.O. , Silva L.O.C. , Machado C.H.C. , Josahkian L.A. , Albuquerque L.G. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThe productivity of herds may be negatively affected by inbreeding depression, and it is important to know how intense is this effect on the livestock performance. We performed a comprehensive analysis involving five Zebu breeds reared in Brazil to estimate inbreeding depression in productive and reproductive traits. Inbreeding depression was estimated for 13 traits by including the individual inbreeding rate as a linear covariate in the standard genetic evaluation models. For all breeds and for almost all traits (no effect was observed on gestation length), the performance of the animals was compromised by an increase in inbreeding. The average inbreeding depression was −0.222% and −0.859% per 1% of inbreeding for linear regression coefficients scaled on the percentage of mean (βm) and standard deviation (βσ), respectively. The means for βm (and βσ) were −0.269% (−1.202%) for weight/growth traits and −0.174% (−0.546%) for reproductive traits. Hence, inbreeding depression is more pronounced in weight/growth traits than in reproductive traits. These findings highlight the need for the management of inbreeding in the respective breeding programmes of the breeds studied here.
Cardiac troponin T is necessary for normal development in the embryonic chick heart
Authors: England Jennifer , Pang Kar Lai , Parnall Matthew , Haig Maria Isabel , Loughna Siobhan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe heart is the first functioning organ to develop during embryogenesis. The formation of the heart is a tightly regulated and complex process, and alterations to its development can result in congenital heart defects. Mutations in sarcomeric proteins, such as alpha myosin heavy chain and cardiac alpha actin, have now been associated with congenital heart defects in humans, often with atrial septal defects. However, cardiac troponin T (cTNT encoded by gene TNNT2) has not. Using gene‐specific antisense oligonucleotides, we have investigated the role of cTNT in chick cardiogenesis. TNNT2 is expressed throughout heart development and in the postnatal heart. TNNT2‐morpholino treatment resulted in abnormal atrial septal growth and a reduction in the number of trabeculae in the developing primitive ventricular chamber. External analysis revealed the development of diverticula from the ventricular myocardial wall which showed no evidence of fibrosis and still retained a myocardial phenotype. Sarcomeric assembly appeared normal in these treated hearts. In humans, congenital ventricular diverticulum is a rare condition, which has not yet been genetically associated. However, abnormal haemodynamics is known to cause structural defects in the heart. Further, structural defects, including atrial septal defects and congenital diverticula, have previously been associated with conduction anomalies. Therefore, to provide mechanistic insights into the effect that cTNT knockdown has on the developing heart, quantitative PCR was performed to determine the expression of the shear stress responsive gene NOS3 and the conduction gene TBX3. Both genes were differentially expressed compared to controls. Therefore, a reduction in cTNT in the developing heart results in abnormal atrial septal formation and aberrant ventricular morphogenesis. We hypothesize that alterations to the haemodynamics, indicated by differential NOS3 expression, causes these abnormalities in growth in cTNT knockdown hearts. In addition, the muscular diverticula reported here suggest a novel role for mutations of structural sarcomeric proteins in the pathogenesis of congenital cardiac diverticula. From these studies, we suggest TNNT2 is a gene worthy of screening for those with a congenital heart defect, particularly atrial septal defects and ventricular diverticula.
Multiple post‐domestication origins ofkabulichickpea through allelic variation in a diversification‐associated transcription factor
Authors: Varma Penmetsa R. , Carrasquilla‐Garcia Noelia , Bergmann Emily M. , Vance Lisa , Castro Brenna , Kassa Mulualem T. , Sarma Birinchi K. , Datta Subhojit , Farmer Andrew D. , Baek Jong‐Min , Coyne Clarice J. , Varshney Rajeev K. , von Wettberg Eric J. B. , Cook Douglas R. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryChickpea (Cicer arietinum) is among the founder crops domesticated in the Fertile Crescent. One of two major forms of chickpea, the so‐calledkabulitype, has white flowers and light‐colored seed coats, properties not known to exist in the wild progenitor. The origin of thekabuliform has been enigmatic.We genotyped a collection of wild and cultivated chickpea genotypes with 538 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and examined patterns of molecular diversity relative to geographical sources and market types. In addition, we examined sequence and expression variation in candidate anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway genes.A reduction in genetic diversity and extensive genetic admixture distinguish cultivated chickpea from its wild progenitor species. Among germplasm, thekabuliform is polyphyletic. We identified a basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factor at chickpea's B locus that conditions flower and seed colors, orthologous to Mendel's A gene of garden pea, whose loss of function is associated invariantly with thekabulitype of chickpea.From the polyphyletic distribution of thekabuliform in germplasm, an absence of nested variation within thebHLHgene and invariant association of loss of function ofbHLHamong thekabulitype, we conclude that thekabuliform arose multiple times during the phase of phenotypic diversification after initial domestication of cultivated chickpea.
Crisaborole Topical Ointment, 2% in Patients Ages 2 to 17 Years with Atopic Dermatitis: A Phase 1b, Open‐Label, Maximal‐Use Systemic Exposure Study
Authors: Zane Lee T. , Kircik Leon , Call Robert , Tschen Eduardo , Draelos Zoe Diana , Chanda Sanjay , Van Syoc Merrie , Hebert Adelaide A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundPhosphodiesterase‐4 (PDE4) is a promising target in atopic dermatitis (AD) treatment. The pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and efficacy of crisaborole topical ointment, 2% (formerly AN2728) (Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Palo Alto, CA), a boron‐based benzoxaborole PDE4 inhibitor, were evaluated in children with mild to moderate AD.MethodsThis phase 1b, open‐label, maximal‐use study of crisaborole topical ointment, 2% applied twice daily (dose 3 mg/cm2) for 28 days enrolled patients ages 2 to 17 years with extensive AD involving 25% or more or 35% or more treatable body surface area, depending on age. Primary PK and safety assessments included systemic exposure to crisaborole and its metabolites after 7 days of treatment and the incidence of treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs). Secondary efficacy assessments included change from baseline in Investigator Static Global Assessment (ISGA), treatment success (ISGA score ≤1 with a two‐grade or greater improvement from baseline), and improvement in five AD signs and symptoms.ResultsOf 34 patients enrolled, 31 completed the study. Crisaborole was rapidly absorbed, with limited systemic exposure between days 1 and 8. Twenty‐three of 34 patients reported one or more TEAEs; 95% were mild or moderate and one patient discontinued because of a TEAE. Mean ISGA scores declined from 2.65 at baseline to 1.15 at day 29, 47.1% of patients achieved treatment success, and 64.7% of patients achieved ISGA scores of clear (0) or almost clear . Mean severity scores for AD signs and symptoms declined throughout the study.ConclusionsThis open‐label study provides evidence that crisaborole topical ointment, 2% was well tolerated, with limited systemic exposure under maximal‐use conditions in patients ages 2 years and older.
Reading between the Strata: Teaching Rabbinic Literature with Material Culture
Authors: Gardner Gregg E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis article argues that attention to material culture can enhance teaching classical rabbinic literature (Talmud, Midrash, and related Jewish texts from the first seven centuries C.E.) at universities. Following an examination of broader scholarship on teaching and learning on using visuals, this article explores four ways in which material culture can help instructors teach rabbinics to students without background in Jewish studies or the relevant languages (Hebrew, Aramaic). It builds upon teaching other areas of biblical and religious studies (Hebrew Bible, New Testament, and teaching rabbinics at liberal seminaries), research methods, and broader scholarship on using visuals and material culture for pedagogical purposes. Contributing to these fields, this article addresses a lacuna in research on teaching rabbinic literature at secular institutions of higher learning and models ways to bring material culture into religious studies classrooms.
Evaluation of Molecular Methods for Identification of Salmonella Serovars
Authors: Yoshida Catherine , Gurnik Simone , Ahmad Aaminah , Blimkie Travis , Murphy Stephanie A. , Kropinski Andrew M. , Nash John H. E. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

Classification by serotyping is the essential first step in the characterization of
Salmonella
isolates and is important for surveillance, source tracking, and outbreak detection. To improve detection and reduce the burden of salmonellosis, several rapid and high-throughput molecular
Salmonella
serotyping methods have been developed.

IMPORTANCE
The aim of this study was to compare three commercial kits, Salm SeroGen (Salm Sero-Genotyping AS-1 kit), Check&Trace (Check-Points), and xMAP (xMAP
Salmonella
serotyping assay), to the
Salmonella
genoserotyping array (SGSA) developed by our laboratory. They were assessed using a panel of 321 isolates that represent commonly reported serovars from human and nonhuman sources globally. The four methods correctly identified 73.8% to 94.7% of the isolates tested. The methods correctly identified 85% and 98% of the clinically important
Salmonella
serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium, respectively. The methods correctly identified 75% to 100% of the nontyphoidal, broad host range
Salmonella
serovars, including Heidelberg, Hadar, Infantis, Kentucky, Montevideo, Newport, and Virchow. The sensitivity and specificity of
Salmonella
serovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis ranged from 85% to 100% and 99% to 100%, respectively.

IMPORTANCE
It is anticipated that whole-genome sequencing will replace serotyping in public health laboratories in the future. However, at present, it is approximately three times more expensive than molecular methods. Until consistent standards and methodologies are deployed for whole-genome sequencing, data analysis and interlaboratory comparability remain a challenge. The use of molecular serotyping will provide a valuable high-throughput alternative to traditional serotyping. This comprehensive analysis provides a detailed comparison of commercial kits available for the molecular serotyping of
Salmonella
.
A Statistical Framework to Evaluate Extreme Weather Definitions from a Health Perspective: A Demonstration Based on Extreme Heat Events
Authors: Vaidyanathan Ambarish , Kegler Scott R. , Saha Shubhayu S. , Mulholland James A. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Issuance of alerts, prior to or during extreme weather events, can be critical to preventing adverse health outcomes. In this paper, data describing episodes of extreme heat are used to demonstrate the application of a statistical framework for evaluating event definitions within the context of human health impacts. Numerous extreme heat event (EHE) definitions appear in the literature but there is a lack of scientific consensus on consistent identification of periods of extreme heat having the potential for such impacts. Ninety-two EHE definitions were operationalized for this region-specific demonstration covering the United States, using station-based meteorological data for the years 1999–2009. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to group definitions into homogeneous sets, and a representative definition was then selected from each set. The representative definitions were combined with different exposure offsets (e.g., a 1-day lag) and evaluated against daily heat mortality data, using a negative binomial rate regression modeling approach. The EHE definition and exposure offset combinations most closely associated with heat mortality were found to vary with climate region. Those involving high but not extreme meteorological thresholds, and employing a 1-day lag or no lag, showed the strongest associations with heat mortality for all climate regions except the South and Southwest. The framework presented in this study could be applied to other geographic areas, provided the necessary meteorological and health data are available. Additionally, this framework could help regional and national weather offices, in partnership with local and state health departments, identify definitions that are well suited to issuing alerts and health advisories related to other types of severe weather.
Multiannual Ocean–Atmosphere Adjustments to Radiative Forcing
Authors: Rugenstein Maria A. A. , Gregory Jonathan M. , Schaller Nathalie , Sedláček Jan , Knutti Reto 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
In radiative forcing and climate feedback frameworks, the initial stratospheric and tropospheric adjustments to a forcing agent can be treated as part of the forcing and not as a feedback, as long as the average global surface temperature response is negligible. Here, a very large initial condition ensemble of the Community Earth System Model is used to analyze how the ocean shapes the fast response to radiative forcing. It is shown that not only the stratosphere and troposphere but also the ocean adjusts. This oceanic adjustment includes meridional ocean heat transport convergence anomalies, which are locally as large as the surface heat flux anomalies, and an increase of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. These oceanic adjustments set the lower boundary condition for the atmospheric response of the first few years, in particular, the shortwave cloud radiative effect. This cloud adjustment causes a nonlinear relationship between global energy imbalance and temperature. It proceeds with a characteristic time scale of a few years in response to the forcing rather than scaling nonlinearly with global mean temperature anomaly. It is proposed that even very short time scales are treated as a fully coupled problem and encourage other modeling groups to investigate whether our description also suits their models’ behavior. A definition of the forcing term (“virtual forcing”) including oceanic adjustment processes is introduced and serves as an interpretive idea for longer time scales.
Dependence of the content of individual molecules in agranucocytes of whole blood at coronary heart disease from the level of phosphorylation of protein kinase r 38 in terms of low intensity microwave radiation
Authors: Логаткина  , Logatkina A. , Бондарь  , Bondar S. , Терехов  , Terekhov I. 
Published: May 2016

Molecular indicators reflecting the states of stress-limiting systems of mononuclear leucocytes in the blood, as well as the effects of low-intensive microwave radiation in patients with coronary artery disease were studied. The work it was evaluated the content in mononuclear leucocytes whole blood of components PI3P/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K1 of signaling pathway, heat shock proteins (HSP27, HSP70, HSP90), the concentra-tion of antioxidants and peroxides depending on the level of phosphorylation of the terminal protein kinase MAPK/SAPK of signaling pathway – p38.
The results of the study. It was revealed the dependence of a level of studied factors from the degree of phosphorylation p38 in patients with coronary heart disease. It was defined the 38 p sensitivity to the effects of low-intensity microwave radiation, it is manifested by increased level of phosphorylation in the irradiated cul-tures. This study revealed the sensitivity to low-intensity microwave irradiation of content in the mononuclear cells phosphorylated forms of the protein kinases AMPK, AKT1, p70S6K1, as well as the antioxidant status and protein of p53-dependent initial content in the cell phosphorylated form p38. It was shown a possibility of microwave radiation to reduce the content in the cells of the protein kinase and p70 ACT more pronounced at high levels of phosphorylation p38.
Observational Studies of Drug Safety in Multi-Database Studies: Methodological
Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Platt Robert W. , Dormuth Colin R. , Chateau Dan , Filion Kristian 
Published: May 2016

Introduction/objective: The Canadian Network for Observational Drug Effect Studies
(CNODES), a network of researchers and databases, is a collaborating center of the Drug
Safety and Effectiveness Network. CNODES’ main mandate is to conduct observational
studies of drug safety based on queries developed and submitted by Health Canada and
other federal, provincial, and territorial stakeholders. Through a case study we explore
several methodological opportunities and challenges that arise in distributed
pharmacoepidemiology networks.Case study: We use as a case study a study of proton pump
inhibitors and hospitalization for community-acquired pneumonia. Challenges arise in the
design and conduct of studies at individual sites, and then with processes and methods
for combining data. On the other hand, distributed networks provide opportunities, such
as the ability to detect and understand heterogeneity, in sample sizes that would
typically be impossible for a single study.Conclusions: Networks such as CNODES provide
the opportunity to detect and quantify important safety signals from administrative
data, and provide many challenges for methods research in pharmacoepidemiology using
distributed data. As networks increase in size and scope of research questions, the need
for methodological developments should continue to grow.
Book Reviews
Authors: Binder Marni J. , Pearse Harold , Lockheart Julia 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Arts-Based and Contemplative Practices in Research and Teaching: Honoring Presence, Susan Walsh, Barbara Bickel and Carl Leggo (eds) (2015) New York: Routledge, 190 pp., ISBN: 9780415743877, h/bk, $160USD
Art Education in Germany, Georg Peez (ed.) (2015) Munster and New York: Waxmann, 154 pp., ISBN: 9783830932659, p/bk, €24.90
Doctoral Writing in the Creative and Performing Arts, Louise Ravelli, Brian Paltridge and Sue Starfield (eds) (2014) Faringdon: Libri Publishing, 440 pp., ISBN: 9781909818477, p/bk, £21.00