bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Essential and selective role of SNX12 in transport of endocytic and retrograde cargo
Authors: Priya Amulya , Sugatha Jini , Parveen Sameena , Lacas-Gervais Sandra , Raj Prateek , Gilleron Jérôme , Datta Sunando 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
The endosomal protein-sorting machineries play vital roles in diverse physiologically important cellular processes. Much of the core membrane-sorting apparatus is conserved in evolution, such as retromer, which is involved in the recycling of a diverse set of cargoes via the retrograde trafficking route. Here, in an RNAi-based loss-of-function study, we identified that suppression of SNX12 leads to a severe blockage in CIM6PR (also known as IGF2R) transport and alters the morphology of the endocytic compartments. We demonstrate that SNX12 is involved in the early phase of CIM6PR transport, and mediates receptor recycling upstream of the other well-established SNX components of retromer. Ultra-structural analysis revealed that SNX12 resides on tubulo-vesicular structures, despite it lacking a BAR domain. Furthermore, we illustrate that SNX12 plays a key role in intraluminal vesicle formation and in the maturation of a subpopulation of early endosomes into late endosomes, thereby regulating selective endocytic transport of cargo for degradation. This study therefore provides evidence for the existence of early endosomal subpopulations that have differential roles in the sorting of the cargoes along endocytic degradative pathways.
First clinical report of helical tomotherapy with simultaneous integrated boost for synchronous bilateral breast cancer
Authors: Wadasadawala Tabassum , Jain Shanu , Paul Siji , Phurailatpam Reena , Joshi Kishore , Popat Palak , Tandon Sandip , Alahari Aruna , Sarin Rajiv 
Published: July 2017

Objective:
Radiotherapy (RT) for synchronous bilateral breast cancer (SBBC) is technically very challenging. This study reports the clinical feasibility, dosimetry and safety of helical tomotherapy (HT) with simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) in patients treated with adjuvant radiotherapy for SBBC.

Methods:
21 women with SBBC treated with HT from January 2013 to June 2016 were retrospectively evaluated. Radiation lung toxicity was assessed using pulmonary function test (PFT) and high-resolution computerized tomography scan (HRCT) scan at baseline and 1 yearpost-RT in 18 patients. Survival was calculated using Kaplan–Meier curves. Significance of the difference between pre- and post-RT PFT values was assessed using paired t-test.

Results:
The dose prescription was 50Gy to the breast, chest wall or regional nodes and 61Gy to the tumour bed as SIB, delivered in 25 fractions. Dosimetric outcome was excellent both for target volumes and normal tissues. Acute skin and oesophageal toxicities were minimal. Symptomatic radiation-induced pnuemonitis was not observed. Subclinical radiological Grade I–II changes were apparent in 14 patients. Only one patient developed Grade III radiological change whereas no change was documented for three patients. PFTs did not show any significant change in any of the measured parameters. At a median follow-up of 25 months, 3-year disease-free survival, overall survival and loco-regional control were 65.6%, 83.3% and 85.7% respectively.

Conclusion:
Women with SBBC can be safely treated with HT and this is not associated with adverse short- to intermediate term radiation toxicity.

Advances in knowledge:
This is the first report that establishes the safety of HT for adjuvant RT using SIB technique in SBBC.
Reference values of fecal calgranulin C (S100A12) in school aged children and adolescents
Authors: Heida Anke , Kobold Anneke C. Muller , Wagenmakers Lucie , van de Belt Koos , van Rheenen Patrick F. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Background:
Calgranulin C (S100A12) is an emerging marker of inflammation. It is exclusively released by activated neutrophils which makes this marker potentially more specific for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) compared to established stool markers including calprotectin and lactoferrin. We aimed to establish a reference value for S100A12 in healthy children and investigated whether S100A12 levels can discriminate children with IBD from healthy controls.

Methods:
In a prospective community-based reference interval study we collected 122 stool samples from healthy children aged 5–19 years. Additionally, feces samples of 41 children with suspected IBD (who were later confirmed by endoscopy to have IBD) were collected. Levels of S100A12 were measured with a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Inflamark®). The limit of detection was 0.22 μg/g.

Results:
The upper reference limit in healthy children was 0.75 μg/g (90% confidence interval: 0.30–1.40). Median S100A12 levels were significantly higher in patients with IBD (8.00 μg/g [interquartile range (IQR) 2.5–11.6] compared to healthy controls [0.22 μg/g (IQR<0.22); p<0.001]). The best cutoff point based on receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.33 μg/g (sensitivity 93%; specificity 97%).

Conclusions:
Children and teenagers with newly diagnosed IBD have significantly higher S100A12 results compared to healthy individuals. We demonstrate that fecal S100A12 shows diagnostic promise under ideal testing conditions. Future studies need to address whether S100A12 can discriminate children with IBD from non-organic disease in a prospective cohort with chronic gastrointestinal complaints, and how S100A12 performs in comparison with established stool markers.
Serum omentin-1 is a novel biomarker for predicting the functional outcome of acute ischemic stroke patients
Authors: Xu Tian , Zuo Peng , Wang Yuqin , Gao Zhiwei , Ke Kaifu 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Background:
Recent studies have suggested that omentin-1 plays a critical role in the development of cardiovascular disease. However, reported findings are inconsistent, and no study has evaluated the association between omentin-1 levels and a poor functional outcome after ischemic stroke onset.

Methods:
A total of 266 acute ischemic stroke patients were included in this study. All patients were prospectively followed up for 3 months after acute ischemic stroke onset and a poor functional outcome was defined as a major disability or death occurring during the follow-up period. A multivariable logistic model was used to evaluate the association between serum omentin-1 levels and the functional outcome of ischemic stroke patients at 3 months.

Results:
Ischemic stroke patients with poor functional outcome had significantly lower levels of serum omentin-1 than patients without poor functional outcome at the 3-month follow-up (50.2 [40.2–59.8] vs. 58.3 [44.9–69.6] ng/mL, p<0.01). Subjects in the highest tertile of serum omentin-1 levels had a 0.38-fold risk of having poor functional outcome, compared with those in the lowest tertile (p<0.05). A negative association between omentin-1 levels and poor functional outcome was found (p for trend=0.02). The net reclassification index was significantly improved in predicting poor functional outcome when omentin-1 data was added to the multivariable logistic regression model.

Conclusions:
Higher omentin-1 levels at baseline were negatively associated with poor functional outcome among ischemic stroke patients. Omentin-1 may represent a biomarker for predicting poor functional outcome of acute ischemic stroke patients.
Public Participation and Democratic Legitimacy of Rulemaking – A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Rakar Iztok 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn recent years, public participation has been a frequent object of research, especially in relation to rulemaking procedures. The aim of the paper is to verify a common thesis, that public participation is a means for enhancing democratic legitimacy in rulemaking. In order to do so, the author defines legitimacy and legitimation, presents models of the democratic legitimacy of the executive and compares monistic and pluralistic understanding of democracy. The author then analyzes standpoints of American, English and German legal theory and case law and proposes a possible solution to the main research question.
Questioning the Moral Understanding of Law
Authors: Pavčnik Marijan 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The primary content-related framework we are bound to are the basic human rights as established in the constitution. These basic rights may change and develop, yet as the heritage of our political and legal culture, they possess such a solid core meaning that only a “dogmatic sceptic” (G. Radbruch) can doubt it. In societies with plural values, the moral values expressed by the basic human rights are the most solid moral basis of law. The moral understanding of law is necessarily accompanied by a moral criticism of law. Such criticism is often not pleasing to the authorities, but it cannot be avoided if one wants to live up to our responsibility towards nature, society and future generations. A lawyer who is not interested in these issues and only sticks to the letter of the law acts in a fossilized manner and does not enrich the life that the law is intended for. Legal thought should always have its meaning, as Smole’s Antigone would say.
Application of Rough Set Theory to Establish the Amount of Waste in Households in Rural Areas
Authors: Szul Tomasz , Knaga Jarosław , Nęcka Krzysztof 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe method based on rough set theory (RST) was used in the study to establish the rate of mass accumulation of waste in households in rural areas, which are characterised by different economic types, in case of which traditional statistical analyses are usually hardy reliable. The following indicators available in the General Statistical Office’s statistics were used in the analysis: population density, income level, main source of income, economic type of the municipality, area of agricultural land, age of the buildings and participation of gaseous fuels in meeting heat demands. The method shown should not be considered as a competition for statistical methods, but it could complement them, especially in cases when there are few objects to analyse, the more so as it proves useful in cases where input data are general, imprecise and uncertain. As has been shown in the study, with such data and a small number of objects, the relative error of estimation was 13% on average.
Evaluation of Development of Cooperation in South Bohemian Municipalities in the Years 2007–2014
Authors: Dušek Jiří 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe article presents results of the research of cooperation of municipalities in the South Bohemian Region, focused on the analysis of forms and means of cooperation between 2007 and 2014. The published results are part of an internal research that lasted for many years, the goal of which was both to analyse the development of cooperation of municipalities in the studied region and to identify the prerequisites and barriers of all cooperative relations. The research was done on a sample of 623 South Bohemian municipalities in the period of 2007-2010 and 2013- 2016, the obtained data was processed using descriptive statistics and multidimensional statistical methods, and the results show an almost 20% increase in the means of municipal cooperation across the entire South Bohemian Region. Based on the respective means of cooperation, National Healthy Cities Network of the Czech Republic saw the biggest growth, amounting to +3.275% between 2007 and 2014. Participation in local action groups, where the total of 580 municipalities are already engaged, increased by 32.12%. Although less dynamic, this growth is much more important, as it significantly contributes to the development of rural areas and their absorption abilities, mainly as regards financial resources from the national and European sources. However, fragmented means of municipal cooperation is a current problem of cooperation of municipalities, leading to the disintegrated power of the respective municipalities.
Smoking in Moominvalley – or, Why Moominpappa and Snufkin Have Pipes
Authors: Hallila Mika 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The article analyzes Tove Jansson’s Moomin novels in terms of the representations of pipe smoking. The analysis focuses on three characters from the novels: Moominpappa, Snufkin, and the Joxter. The theoretic framework of the analysis is called “the semiotics of tobacco”. In this context, tobacco is regarded as a sign of the cultural sign-system, and thus what is exactly analyzed are the cultural meanings of tobacco in the Moomin novels.
Ethyl xylosides formation in SEW (AVAP®) fractionation of sugarcane straw; implications for ethanol and xylose recovery
Authors: Sharazi Asif Masih , van Heiningen Adriaan 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
High solvent recovery and monomeric sugar yield are essential for a viable biochemical conversion technology. The SO2-ethanol-water (SEW) or AVAP® process has great potential to produce easily fermentable pulp fibers and sugars dissolved in the spent liquor stream. The SEW fractionation process is evaluated for delignification, xylan removal and potential reactions between ethanol and sugarcane straw (SCS) carbohydrates. α-ethyl-xyloside (aEX) and β-ethyl-xyloside (bEX) formed by reaction of ethanol with xylose are quantified. The fractionation experiments are carried out at 135°C, 145°C, and 155°C for 20–120 min at fixed liquor composition (SO2/EtOH/H2O=12:44:44, w/w) and liquor to feedstock ratio (4 l kg−1). The results are interpreted in terms of combined severity factor (CSF). Maximum ethyl xylosides (EX, or sum of aEX and bEX) and monomeric xylose concentrations are observed at CSF of 2.4±0.1. The maximum amount of EX in spent liquor accounts for nearly 1.4% of EtOH (feedstock basis). The implications for downstream recovery of EtOH and sugars from the spent liquor are discussed.
Monitoring screen use: a qualitative exploration of family strategies in Swiss homes
Authors: Piguet Claire , Barrense-Dias Yara , Ramelet Anne-Sylvie , Suris Joan-Carles 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Background
Digital technologies make family managing more complicated, as parents are worried about their children’s well-being and want to protect them from excessive Internet use.

Objective
The objective of this study was to investigate both youths’ and parents’ views on strategies and rules set at home to regulate and monitor Internet use.

Subjects
Thirty-five adolescents (19 females), aged between 11 and 18 years, and 27 parents (17 mothers) from the French-speaking part of Switzerland participated in different focus groups.

Methods
Using a qualitative approach, results were analyzed using the grounded theory.

Results
Eight different mediation strategies emerged. One relevant finding is that rules regarding problematic content were never mentioned, while rules about screen time and location of use were numerous. This might indicate that parents are more worried about the time spent in front of the screen than about the actual activities their children engage in.

Conclusions
It could be recommended to parents to keep striving for an environment contributing to open discussion and exchange on Internet use, even if their digital literacy is lower than their youngsters’ are.
Income Distribution, Factor Endowments, and Trade Revisited: The Role of Non-Tradable Goods
Authors: Galiani Sebastian , Heymann Daniel , Magud Nicolas E. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe return to the traditional theme of the distributive consequences of international prices and trade policies, focusing on economies relatively abundant in natural resources with a large non-tradable-goods sector. Changes in international prices create an aggregate demand effect which impacts on the earnings of factors employed in the non-traded goods sector. We show that, in economies highly specialized in the production of tradable goods and where the import-competing sector is small, under standard assumptions, terms-of- trade shifts have a neutral effect on factor prices and thus lack distributive effects, quite differently from Stolper-Samuelson scenarios. In economies with sizable import-competing sectors and two “urban” productive factors (e.g. skilled and unskilled labor), changes in the terms of trade do induce distributional tensions through two channels: (i) the exogenous shift in the relative price of tradable goods, and (ii) the endogenous displacement of the demand for non-tradables. We illustrate how, according to the structure of the economy, different patterns of income distribution may arise. Next, we analyze the introduction of trade duties. Trade taxes change relative prices between tradable goods as a terms-of-trade shock does, but also introduce an additional demand mechanism, that depends on the use the government gives to the revenues. If the tax revenues are transferred back to the private sector, the resulting reallocation of spending favors those factors used intensively in the production of non-tradables.
‘OneCas, TwoCas’: Exploring the affective dimensions of family language policy
Authors: Smith-Christmas Cassie 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe aim of this article is to illustrate the fluid nature of family language policy (FLP) and how the realities of any one FLP are re-negotiated by caregivers and children in tandem. In particular, the paper will focus on the affective dimensions of FLP and will demonstrate how the same reality – in this case, a grandmother’s use of a child-centred discourse style as a means to encouraging her grandchildren to use their minority language, Scottish Gaelic – can play out differently among siblings. Using a longitudinal perspective, the paper begins by examining a recorded interaction between a grandmother, Nana,All names are pseudonyms.and her granddaughter Maggie (3;4) and will discuss how Nana’s high use of questions andlaissez-faireattitude to Maggie’s use of English contribute to the child-centred nature of the interaction, and in turn, to Maggie’s playful use of Gaelic. The paper then examines an interaction recorded five years later in which Nana interacts with Maggie’s brother Jacob (4;0) in the same affective style; however, unlike Maggie, Jacob evidences overtly negative affective stances towards his minority language. The paper concludes by discussing these observations in light of the reflexive nature of FLP in terms of emotional affect, linguistic input, and language shift.
Gold nanorods based diffusion reflection measurements: current status and perspectives for clinical applications
Authors: Ankri Rinat , Fixler Dror 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Optical imaging is a powerful tool for investigating the structure and function of tissues. Tissue optical imaging technologies are generally discussed under two broad regimes: microscopic and macroscopic, while the latter is widely investigated in the field of light-tissue interaction. Among the developed optical technologies for tissue investigation, the diffusion reflectance (DR) method is a simple and safe technology. However, this method suffers from low specificity and low signal-to-noise ratio, so the extraction of the tissue properties is not an easy task. In this review, we describe the use of gold nanorods (GNRs) in DR spectroscopy. The GNRs present unique optical properties which enhance the scattering and absorption properties of a tissue. The GNRs can be easily targeted toward abnormal sites in order to improve the DR signal and to distinguish between the healthy and the abnormal sites in the tissue, with high specificity. This article describes the use of the DR-GNRs method for the detection of cancer and atherosclerosis, from light transfer theory, through the extraction of the tissue properties using the diffusion theory and up to DR in vivo measurements.
Niklas Luhmann als Kritiker des Postulats der Werturteilsfreiheit. Zum soziologisch disziplinierten Möglichkeitssinn systemtheoretischer Kritik
Authors: Weißmann Martin 
Published: July 2017

ZusammenfassungInsbesondere in seinen frühen Arbeiten kritisiert Niklas Luhmann das Postulat einer werturteilsfreien Soziologie und präsentiert seine Systemtheorie als deskriptiv-erklärendeundnormativ-bewertende Theorie der sozialen Welt. Der Artikel rekonstruiert diesen bislang kaum bekannten Aspekt in Luhmanns Werk und vertritt die These, dass die Methode des Äquivalenzfunktionalismus und das Verständnis sozialer Systeme als wertkomplexer Problemlösungszusammenhänge die Grundlage für ein Konzept systemtheoretischer Sozialkritik bilden, welches eine Alternative zu den Ansätzen immanenter Kritik einerseits und werturteilsfreier Sozialforschung andererseits bietet. Wichtige Grenzen systemtheoretischer Kritik liegen darin, dass ihre wertenden Aussagen stets auf konkrete Systemreferenzen und Bezugsprobleme bezogen sein müssen; dass die Selektion dieser Bezugsprobleme auch des Rekurses auf wissenschaftlich nicht begründbare Werte bedarf und schließlich darin, dass ihre wertenden Urteile aus theorieimmanenten Gründen in der Regel nicht durch Eindeutigkeit auffallen, sondern von Ambivalenz geprägt sind.
Sv. Mihajlo;	Ston;	arhitektura;	skulptura;	zidne slike;	10. stoljeće;	11. stoljeće;	Mihajlo Višević;	Stefan Vojislav
Authors: Tomas Ivana 
Published: July 2017

Crkva sv. Mihajla u Stonu važan je spomenik srednjovjekovne graditeljske baštine šireg dubrovačkog prostora i jedini je sigurno potvrđeni spomenik tzv. južnodalmatinskog jednobrodnog kupolnog tipa na prostoru nekadašnjeg Zahumlja. Podignuta je na vrhu uzvisine Gradac, tj. brdu sv. Mihajla (kota 107), na mjestu ranijeg utvrđenja. Na temelju analize arhitekture Sv. Mihajla, kao i pripadajuće mu kamene opreme nastojalo se ukazati da je crkva predromaničkog podrijetla. Također, predloženo je da je zvonik (zapadno zdanje) izgrađen zajedno sa crkvom, jer tlocrtna zamisao stonske građevine (odnos dužine i širine, neznatno istaknuta apsida), njezine male dimenzije, kao i vertikalna stratigrafija (zvonik, ali i kupola), upućuju na funkciju tog zdanja podignutog kao dvorske kapele. Po svemu sudeći, crkva je od vremena podizanja bila posvećena arhanđelu Mihovilu, budući da je štovanje tog nebeskog vojskovođe, kao zaštitnika vladara i njihovih vojnih pohoda, bilo osobito rašireno među vladajućim slojem u ranom srednjem vijeku, pa bi ta znakovita posveta bila u skladu s njezinom funkcijom. Vrijeme izgradnje vladarske kapele sv. Mihajla najvjerojatnije bi trebalo dovesti u vezu s prvim, povijesno zasvjedočenim i najvažnijim zahumskim vladarom u Stonu - knezom Mihajlom Viševićem (prije 910.- nakon 928.), kada Ston biva upravnim i crkvenim sjedištem te sklavinije. Na osnovu analize mlađeg sloja skulpture iz Sv. Mihajla (monumentalni prozorski okviri i ulomak s ljudskim licem) i zidnih oslika, moguće je pretpostaviti da je vladarska kapela bila znatnije i raskošnije opremljena oko sredine 11. stoljeća. Imajući u vidu povijesna vrela o onodobnom Stonu predloženo je da je za tu obnovu bio zaslužan Stefan Vojislav (prije 1018.-43./50.), rodonačelnik dinastije Vojislavljevića. Na tu pretpostavku bi upućivao podatak da je Vojislav, nakon pobjede nad Bizantom i njegovim saveznicima (među kojima je bio ugledni zahumski knez Ljutovit), osvojio prijestolnicu zahumskih vladara. Da je u njoj neko vrijeme i boravio potvrđuje vijest koju donosi bizantski pisac Kekavmen - da je bio toparh u Stonu i da je zarobio dubrovačkoga stratega. Stoga osvajanje Stona, kao i slavna pobjeda nad Bizantom, ali i Ljutovitom koji je predvodio savezničku vojsku, nameće se kao mogući razlog zašto je Stefan Vojislav obnovio stonsku crkvu, točnije zabilježio svoj vojni trijumf u vladarskoj kapeli poraženog zahumskog vladara. Spomenuta obnova stonske crkve najvjerojatnije se dogodila u razdoblju između 1042/43. i 1050. godine, odnosno nakon Vojislavove pobjede i njegove smrti.