bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety of sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: outcomes from TECOS
Authors: Engel Samuel S. , Suryawanshi Shailaja , Stevens Susanna R. , Josse Robert G. , Cornel Jan H. , Jakuboniene Neli , Riefflin Axel , Tankova Tsvetalina , Wainstein Julio , Peterson Eric D. , Holman Rury R. ,   on behalf of the TECOS Study Group
Published: April 2017

AimsTo characterize the incidence of diabetes‐associated complications and assess the safety of sitagliptin in participants with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the Trial Evaluating Cardiovascular Outcomes with Sitagliptin (TECOS).Materials and methodsFor participants with baseline eGFR measurements (n = 14 528), baseline characteristics and safety outcomes were compared for the CKD cohort (eGFR < 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2) vs those without CKD. Within the CKD cohort, the same analyses were performed, comparing sitagliptin‐ and placebo‐assigned participants. Baseline characteristics were summarized for all participants, and serious adverse events were analysed in those who received at least 1 dose of study medication. Adverse events of interest and diabetes complications were summarized for the intention‐to‐treat population.Results
CKD was present in 3324 (23%) participants at entry into TECOS. The mean (SD) age for this CKD cohort was 68.8 (7.9) years, mean diabetes duration was 13.7 (9.0) years, and 62% were men. Incidences of serious adverse events, malignancy, bone fracture, severe hypoglycaemia and most categories of diabetes complications were higher in the CKD cohort compared with those without CKD. Over ~2.8 median years of follow‐up, CKD participants assigned to sitagliptin had rates of diabetic eye disease, diabetic neuropathy, renal failure, malignancy, bone fracture, pancreatitis and severe hypoglycaemia similar to those of placebo‐assigned participants.ConclusionsParticipants in TECOS with CKD had higher incidences of serious adverse events and diabetes complications than those without CKD. Treatment with sitagliptin was generally well tolerated, with no meaningful differences in safety outcomes observed between those with CKD assigned to sitagliptin or placebo.
Stroke etiology and collaterals: atheroembolic strokes have greater collateral recruitment than cardioembolic strokes
Authors: Rebello L. C. , Bouslama M. , Haussen D. C. , Grossberg J. A. , Dehkharghani S. , Anderson A. , Belagaje S. R. , Bianchi N. A. , Grigoryan M. , Frankel M. R. , Nogueira R. G. 
Published: April 2017

Background and purposeChronic hypoperfusion from athero‐stenotic lesions is thought to lead to better collateral recruitment compared to cardioembolic strokes. It was sought to compare collateral flow in stroke patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) versus stroke patients with cervical atherosclerotic steno‐occlusive disease (CASOD).MethodThis was a retrospective review of a prospectively collected endovascular database. Patients with (i) anterior circulation large vessel occlusion stroke, (ii) pre‐treatment computed tomography angiography (CTA) and (iii) intracranial embolism from AF or CASOD were included. CTA collateral patterns were evaluated and categorized into two groups: absent/poor collaterals (CTA collateral score 0–1) versus moderate/good collaterals (CTA collateral score 2–4). CT perfusion was also utilized for baseline core volume and evaluation of infarct growth.ResultsA total of 122 patients fitted the inclusion criteria, of whom 88 (72%) had AF and 34 (27%) CASOD. Patients with AF were older (P < 0.01) and less often males or smokers (P = 0.04 and P < 0.01 respectively). Baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score were comparable between groups. Collateral scores were lower in the AF group (P = 0.01) with patients having poor collaterals in 28% of cases versus 9% in the CASOD group (P = 0.03). Mortality rates (20% vs. 0%; P = 0.02) were higher in the AF patients whilst rates of any parenchymal hemorrhage (6% vs. 26%; P < 0.01) were higher in the CASOD group. On multivariable analysis, CASOD was an independent predictor of moderate/good collaterals (odds ratio 4.70; 95% confidence interval 1.17–18.79; P = 0.03).ConclusionsAtheroembolic strokes seem to be associated with better collateral flow compared to cardioembolic strokes. This may in part explain the worse outcomes of AF‐related stroke.
Effect of a 4‐week elastic resistance band training regimen on back kinematics in horses trotting in‐hand and on the lunge
Authors: Pfau T. , Simons V. , Rombach N. , Stubbs N. , Weller R. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryBackgroundTraining and rehabilitation techniques aiming at improving core muscle strength may result in increased dynamic stability of the equine vertebral column. A system of elastic resistance bands is suggested to provide proprioceptive feedback during motion to encourage recruitment of core abdominal and hindquarter musculature for improved dynamic stability.ObjectivesTo quantify the effects of a specific resistance band system on back kinematics during trot in‐hand and lungeing at beginning and end of a 4‐week exercise programme.Study designQuantitative analysis of back movement before/after a 4‐week exercise programme.MethodsInertial sensor data were collected from seven horses at weeks 1 and 4 of an exercise protocol with elastic resistance bands. Translational (dorsoventral, mediolateral) and rotational (roll, pitch) range of motion of six landmarks from poll to coccygeal region were quantified during trot in‐hand (hard surface) and during lungeing (soft surface, both reins) with/without elastic exercise bands. A mixed model (P<0.05) evaluated the effects of exercise bands, time (week) and movement direction (straight, left, right).ResultsThe bands reduced roll, pitch and mediolateral displacement in the thoracolumbar region (all P≤0.04). At week 4, independent of band usage, rotational movement (withers, thoracic) was reduced while dorsoventral movement (thoracic, coccygeal) increased. Increased back movement was measured in 80% of back movement parameters during lungeing.Main limitationsComparing each horse without and with bands without a control group does not distinguish whether the differences measured between weeks 1 and 4 are related to use of the bands, or only to the exercise regimen.ConclusionsResults suggest that the elastic resistance bands reduce mediolateral and rotational movement of the thoracolumbar region (increase dynamic stability) in trot. Further studies should investigate the underlying mechanism with reference to core abdominal and hindquarter muscle recruitment and study the long‐term effects.
The Summary is available in Chinese – see Supporting Information.
Mandatory Worker Representation on the Board and Its Effect on Shareholder Wealth
Authors: Petry Stefan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSeveral countries legally mandate representation of workers on boards of directors. The evidence on the shareholder wealth effects of such a corporate governance design is mixed. I examine abnormal announcement returns around major milestones leading to the passing of the German Codetermination Act in 1976. I find that news about the act causes an average decline in the equity value of firms that are certain to have been affected by the new law of up to 1.5% relative to the control firms. Firms close to the regulatory threshold of 2,000 employees remain unaffected implying an expectation of avoiding compliance.
Distribution of economically important fish larvae (Characiformes, Prochilodontidae) in the Central Amazonia, Brazil
Authors: Zacardi D. M. , Bittencourt S. C. S. , Nakayama L. , de Queiroz H. L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe spatio‐temporal patterns of three species of Prochilodontidae larvae that are intensely used as fishery resources in Central Amazonia are analysed. Sampling was conducted during 2011 at four stages of the hydrological cycle (flood, high water, falling and low water phases). Sixteen collecting stations were located in different habitats (mouths of lake channels, “barrancos,” sandbars and the main river channel) along the Solimões and Japurá rivers. A total of 4,322 Prochilodontidae larvae were collected during this investigation, with most captures occurring in the Japurá River (76.3% of larvae), while only 23.7% of the samples were caught in the Solimões River. Most captures occurred during rising water, indicating a strong reproductive seasonality in these three species. Rainfall and water level, along with dissolved oxygen, water temperature and electric conductivity, determined the larvae's spatio‐temporal distribution. These results confirm the importance of várzea areas along white water rivers for the conservation, preservation and maintenance of heavily used fishery resources in the Brazilian Central Amazonia.
Fluorescent Aerolysin (FLAER)‐based paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) screening: a single center experience from India
Authors: Rahman K. , Gupta R. , Yadav G. , Husein N. , Singh M. K. , Nityanand S. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryBackgroundFluorescent aerolysin (FLAER) has been recommended as an important part of antibody panel used for flow cytometric detection of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) clone. This study was aimed to observe the frequency of PNH‐positive clones and their sizes in patients screened for various indications.MethodA retrospective analysis of 624 patients screened over a period of 30 months. Frequency and size of clone sizes noted, and laboratory parameters were compared among different groups of patient being screened.ResultsThere were 445 adults and 179 pediatric patients. Indications for screening included AA (n = 433), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) (n = 34), hemolytic anemia (n = 84), and thrombophilia workup group (n = 63). PNH clones were found in 39.03%, 5.88%, 26.19%, and 1.59% cases, respectively. No significant difference among adult or pediatric population was noted. The bone marrow failure (BMF) group [AA and MDS] with PNH clone had a significantly lower clone size (Median‐ 2.7%) as compared to classic PNH group (Median—77.2%). Most of the classic PNH cases (78.26%) and a small proportion of AA (9.9%) showed a large clone size (>50%). In spite of having large clone size, there was a significant difference between the median LDH values of these two groups (2511.5 vs 593 U/L).ConclusionFLAER‐based screening detects the presence of PNH clone in a high proportion of AA patients and some MDS patients. These patients usually have a small clone size. Even if they have a large clone, it does not get translated into a high LDH or severe clinical symptoms.
Gene structure and expression characteristic of a novel odorant receptor gene cluster in the parasitoid wasp Microplitis mediator (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Authors: Wang S.‐N. , Shan S. , Zheng Y. , Peng Y. , Lu Z.‐Y. , Yang Y.‐Q. , Li R.‐J. , Zhang Y.‐J. , Guo Y.‐Y. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractOdorant receptors (ORs) expressed in the antennae of parasitoid wasps are responsible for detection of various lipophilic airborne molecules. In the present study, 107 novel OR genes were identified from Microplitis mediator antennal transcriptome data. Phylogenetic analysis of the set of OR genes from M. mediator and Microplitis demolitor revealed that M. mediator OR (MmedOR) genes can be classified into different subfamilies, and the majority of MmedORs in each subfamily shared high sequence identities and clear orthologous relationships to M. demolitor ORs. Within a subfamily, six MmedOR genes, MmedOR98, 124, 125, 126, 131 and 155, shared a similar gene structure and were tightly linked in the genome. To evaluate whether the clustered MmedOR genes share common regulatory features, the transcription profile and expression characteristics of the six closely related OR genes were investigated in M. mediator. Rapid amplification of cDNA ends‐PCR experiments revealed that the OR genes within the cluster were transcribed as single mRNAs, and a bicistronic mRNA for two adjacent genes (MmedOR124 and MmedOR98) was also detected in female antennae by reverse transcription PCR. In situ hybridization experiments indicated that each OR gene within the cluster was expressed in a different number of cells. Moreover, there was no co‐expression of the two highly related OR genes, MmedOR124 and MmedOR98, which appeared to be individually expressed in a distinct population of neurons. Overall, there were distinct expression profiles of closely related MmedOR genes from the same cluster in M. mediator. These data provide a basic understanding of the olfactory coding in parasitoid wasps.
Motor nerve excitability after childhood Guillain‐Barré syndrome
Authors: Drenthen Judith , Roodbol Joyce , Maathuis Ellen M. , Catsman‐Berrevoets Coriene E. , Blok Joleen H. , de Wit Marie‐Claire Y. , Jacobs Bart C. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractResidual motor nerve dysfunction after pediatric Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) was determined in an observational cross‐sectional cohort study in patients who previously developed GBS during childhood (<18 years). Ulnar motor nerve dysfunction was defined by compound motor action potential (CMAP) scan in patients after a follow up of at least 1 year compared with age‐matched healthy controls, in relation to clinical course and outcome. A total of 37 persons previously diagnosed with GBS in childhood were included with a mean age at current examination of 20.6 years (4–39 years). The median time between diagnosis and follow‐up was 11 years (range: 1–22 years). CMAP scanning indicated ulnar motor nerve dysfunction in 25 (68%) participants. The most frequent abnormality was a reduction in nerve excitability observed both in those with residual limb weakness and in the majority of those with complete recovery. CMAP scan characteristics were not related to prognostic factors or outcome. In conclusion, GBS in childhood results in residual motor nerve excitability disturbances, even in those completely recovered, probably reflecting altered physiology of regenerated peripheral nerves.
Efficacy of fractionated microneedle radiofrequency with and without adding subcision for the treatment of atrophic facial acne scars: A randomized split‐face clinical study
Authors: Faghihi Gita , Poostiyan Nazila , Asilian Ali , Abtahi‐Naeini Bahareh , Shahbazi Masoom , Iraji Fariba , Fatemi Naeini Farahnaz , Nilforoushzadeh Mohammad Ali 
Published: April 2017

SummaryBackgroundThere is no gold standard treatment for facial acne scars, and overall, little literature exists about the combination therapy for treatment of acne scar.AimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of fractionated microneedle radiofrequency (FMR) vsFMRcombined with subcision for the treatment of atrophic acne scars.Patients/MethodsThis was a randomized, split‐face clinical study of 25 patients with II‐IV Fitzpatrick skin types with moderate to severe facial atrophic acne scars. Initially, standard subcision by Nokor needle was performed on one side. Two weeks after subcision,FMRtreatment was performed on both cheeks of each participant. Second and thirdFMRtreatment sessions were performed within 4‐week intervals. Two‐blinded dermatologists performed clinical assessments using a quartile grading scale, and patients were also asked to judge their satisfaction using a visual analog scale (VAS) scoring system.ResultsThe age of the patients varied from 24 to 40 years (mean: 30.08±4.94 years). Only nine patients (36%) were males. Clinical assessment by two‐blinded dermatologists showed statistically significant improvement in the combination (FMR+subcision) group (P=.009). Patient satisfaction was statistically significantly better in the combination group (P=.001). A darkening of skin phototype was associated with a decrease in patient's satisfactionVASscore (P=.07).ConclusionThe combination of subcision andFMRis a safe and effective modality for mixed type acne scars. Additional randomized clinical study with long‐term follow‐up is necessary for further evaluation ofFMRin combination with other procedures.The full trial protocol can be accessed in:http://www.irct.ir/searchresult.php?keyword=%20%20IRCT2016103130597N1&id=30597&number=1&field=a&prt=1&total=1&m=1.The clinical trial registration number isIRCT2016103130597N1.
Posttraumatic stress and anxiety in patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator: Trajectories and vulnerability factors
Authors: Habibović Mirela , Denollet Johan , Pedersen Susanne S. ,   on behalf of the WEBCARE investigators
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundImplantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapy is the first‐line treatment for the primary and secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death. Despite the unequivocal medical benefits, living with an ICD may affect patients’ psychological functioning and general well‐being. We examined the trajectories of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anxiety in patients with an ICD and the vulnerability factors associated with an increased risk of symptoms of PTSD and anxiety.MethodsA total of 249 patients were included as part of the WEB‐based distress program for implantable CARdioverter dEfibrillator patients (WEBCARE) study. Data were analyzed using Latent class analyses, with trajectories of PTSD symptomatology and anxiety examined between baseline and 12 months follow‐up.ResultsThe mean age of the sample was 58.9 ± 9.8, with the majority being male (82%). Latent Class analyses (LatentGOLD) revealed four classes with respect to PTSD symptomatology, and three classes of patients with respect to anxiety. Younger age, increased depression score at baseline, and Type D personality were all associated with increased vulnerability for posttraumatic stress and anxiety symptoms.ConclusionComparable trajectories were found for symptoms of PTSD and anxiety over time. Patients with a younger age, increased depression score at baseline, and Type D personality were especially prone to experience PTSD and anxiety symptomatology at 12 months follow‐up. Due to the negative association between PTSD, anxiety, and health outcomes, it is paramount to timely identify the subset of patients who are vulnerable to experience these symptoms and provide them with personalized support.
Pitfalls in electrogram interpretation: Subcutaneous cardioverter defibrillator malfunction in Brugada syndrome
Authors: Morani Giovanni , Bolzan Bruna , Tomasi Luca , Tomei Ruggero , Vassanelli Corrado 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA patient with Brugada syndrome implanted with subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (S‐ICD) had oversensing episodes treated with S‐ICD shocks. Comparable artifacts were not evocable with S‐ICD pocket manipulation. The fluoroscopy excluded S‐ICD macroscopic damage.The device extraction revealed undamaged pulse generator and connector, but the lead was inappropriately tunneled under the sixth rib. Then the S‐ICD malfunction was due to lead microscopic damage caused by the lead rubbing the rib surface.
Prognosis of infantile food protein‐induced enterocolitis syndrome in Japan
Authors: Kimura Mitsuaki , Shimomura Masaki , Morishita Hideaki , Meguro Takaaki 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundAlthough serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) and the percentage of eosinophils in peripheral blood (Eo) are increased at onset in infants with food protein‐induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES), the relationship of these laboratory findings to prognosis is presently unknown.MethodsCorrelation of serum CRP and Eo at onset with prognosis was analyzed in 32 patients with FPIES caused by cow's milk (CM).ResultsThe rate of tolerance acquisition was 18.8%, 56.3%, 87.5%, and 96.9% at the ages of 6, 12, 24, and 36 months, respectively. Serum CRP increased in 50% of subjects at onset (median, 0.21 mg/dL; range, <0.20–18.2 mg/dL) and Eo was elevated in 71.9% of subjects at onset (median, 7.1%; range, 1.0–50.5%). Age at tolerance acquisition was significantly positively correlated with serum CRP at onset (r = 0.45, P < 0.01), and significantly negatively correlated with Eo at onset (r = −0.36, P < 0.05). Although CM‐specific immunoglobulin E antibody (sIgE) was positive in nine of 32 FPIES patients at onset (median, 0.93; range, 0.38–18.9 kU/L), it decreased thereafter. CM‐sIgE at onset did not correlate significantly with prognosis (r = 0.22, P > 0.05).ConclusionsSerum CRP is not only an indicator of the activity of intestinal inflammation, it is also a useful parameter of poor prognosis in FPIES. In contrast, eosinophilia at onset could be used as a marker of good prognosis, suggesting that it has some beneficial effects in the pathophysiology of FPIES.
Validation of Sun Exposure Reported Annually Against Interim Self‐report and Daily Sun Diaries
Authors: King Laura , Xiang Fan , Swaminathan Ashwin , Dear Keith , Harrison Simone L. , van der Mei Ingrid , Kimlin Michael G. , D'Este Catherine , Lucas Robyn M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractData on personal sun exposure over a period exceeding the immediate past days or weeks are typically self‐reported in brief questionnaire items. The validity of such self‐reporting of longer term personal sun exposure, for example over a year, including detail on variation across seasons, has not previously been investigated. In a volunteer sample (n = 331) of Australian adults aged 18 years and over, we assessed the 12‐month reliability of sun exposure reported separately for each season, and its accuracy compared to a daily sun diary in the same season. Seasonal time outdoors displayed fair‐to‐good reliability between baseline and end of study (12 months), with responses showing higher agreement at lower levels of time outdoors. There was good agreement for ranking of individuals' time outdoors with the daily sun diary data, although the actual diary time outdoors was typically considerably lower than the self‐reported questionnaire data. Place of residence, education, being a smoker, day of the week (i.e. working day vs nonworking day) and working mainly outdoors were significant predictors of agreement. While participants overestimated their actual time outdoors, the self‐report questionnaire provided a valid ranking of long‐term sun exposure against others in the study that was reliable over time.