bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence Of Depressive Disorders In Andalusia: Results From The Pisma-ep Study
Authors: Porras Segovia A. , Aguado Bailón L. , Gutiérrez Martínez B. , Cervilla Ballesteros J. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionDepressive disorders are the most prevalent mental diseases and they cause a major impact in our society.ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to establish the prevalence of depressive disorders in Andalusia.AimsThe aim is to provide useful information regarding this prevalent and disabling condition, in order to contribute to its prevention and treatment.MethodsOur results proceed from the PISMA-ep study, undertook in Andalusia. In this cross-sectional community based study, 4507 participants between 18 and 75 years of age were interviewed by fully trained professionals. The main diagnostic tool was the Spanish version of the MINI Neuropsychiatric International Interview.ResultsOur sample consists of 4507 participants. 50.9% of them were females. Mean age was 42.8 years. The estimated one-month prevalence of any mood disorder was 7.9% (7.1–8.6). The estimated one-month prevalence of major depression was 6, 4% (5.6–7.1). The prevalence of the other measured depressive disorders were as follows: Recurrent depressive episode: 3.7% (3.2–4.3), Melancholic depression: 3% (2.5–3.5), Severe depressive episode with psychotic symptoms: 1.4% (1.1–1.8).ConclusionsThe PISMA-ep is the first large mental health epidemiological study ever developed in the largest region of Spain. The results obtained in this region show a higher prevalence of depressive disorders in Andalusia, when compared with prior studies that used a nationally representative sample (i.e. the ESEMeD study). The reasons for this higher prevalence are yet to be explored.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Contribution Of Night Eating Syndrome To The Evolution Of Anorexia Nervosa – Case Report
Authors: Coutinho F. , Brandão I. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionNight Eating Syndrome (NES) was described in 1955 in a subset of patients resistant to weight loss. It is characterized by morning anorexia, evening hyperfagia and sleep disturbances. It is also more prevalent among patients with another eating disorder (ED), particularly binge-eating disorder (BED) or bulimia nervosa (BN).ObjectiveReview of the literature about the relationship between NES and another EDs and to present a case report of a patient with a long-standing purgative anorexia nervosa (AN-BP) and comorbid NES.Methodsreview of the literature using the database Medline through Pubmed, with the keywords: “night eating syndrome” and “eating disorder”.ResultsNES is highly prevalent among patients with EDs, with an estimated prevalence of about 5–44%. However, most of the existent literature explores the relationship between NES and BED or BN, and it is not consensual if NES is a subtype of another ED. There is still scarce evidence about NES and AN comorbidity.ConclusionIn this case report, we present a patient with a history of AN-BP, in which the recovery of lost weight and the increase of body mass index (BMI) occurred simultaneously with a period of worsening NES symptoms, which leads the authors to question if the psychopathology of NES has contributed to the recovery of BMI at the expense of maintaining a dysfunctional eating pattern.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
A Clinical Case Of a Patient With Anorexia Nervosa And Bizarre Behavior
Authors: Fonseca A. , Poças A. , Melim J. , Araújo R. 
Published: May 2016

Eating disorders (EDs) are mental illnesses, defined by abnormal eating habits. EDs are chronic, severe and difficult to treat, and cause psychological, social and physical consequences. It occurs predominantly in adolescents and young adults women (around 90%), causing severely disability, major biopsychosocial losses, and high morbidity and mortality. EDs are considered by WHO as a public health problem, affecting different ages, genres, times, regions and contexts.ObjectiveCase report of a patient with Anorexia Nervosa and bizarre behavior.MethodsClinical observation in hospital.ResultsWoman with 43 years old, with a peace of 65 years, who was hospitalized in Psychiatric Service – Eating Disorders, in August 2015, because of its extreme thinness, with difficulty to walk and with severe edema of the feet, ankles and legs. At the entrance, she weighed 29 kg, after 4 days her weight reduced to 23 kg, reaching a BMI of 8.5 kg/m2. In the first week, she showed a high cognitive impairment, confusional state and detailed and ruminative speech about food. She had developed multiple techniques to hide food and to hide and take dietary supplements for weight loss. Furthermore, she had a bizarre behavior and marked social isolation, not interacting with other patients.ConclusionAlthough the low prevalence of EDs, these have a high morbidity, and are one of the psychiatric disorders that most often leads to a fatal outcome. Treatment is lengthy and cumbersome, requiring serious investments under the personal point of view, family and clinical, yet still, these patients can have a full life and quality.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Prevalence Of Orthorexia Nervosa Among Polish Adolescents – Assessment Made By The Orto-15 Questionnaire
Authors: Hyrnik J. , Janas-Kozik M. , Stochel M. , Jelonek I. , Siwiec A. , Krysta K. , Rybakowski J.K. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveOrthorexia nervosa (ON) is an excessive fixation on the consumption of healthy food and an obsession with its biological purity. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of ON in a population of Polish urban adolescents and some possible contributory factors.MethodValidation and adaptation of the ORTO-15 Questionnaire was made in the group of 399 participants (15–21 years old). The validation procedure incorporated three basic methods to be applied in the reliability analysis. The reliability analysis of the ORTO-15 Questionnaire based on repeatability of the responses presents a very good (kappa: 0.81–1.00 for 5 items) and a good repeatability (kappa: 0.61–0.80 for 10 items). The reliability analysis based on the value of the Cronbach's α reached a satisfactory level (0.7–0.9). The ORTO-15 questionnaire was considered a reliable tool to identify the risk of ON in population studies in the group of urban youth aged 15–21. Assessment was made among 1899 high school students, 992 girls, and 907 boys, aged 15–21 years.ResultsThe mean value of the ORTO-15 was 39.2 ± 3.6 points, with no sex difference. The main factors connected with orthorexia, according to the “Orthorexia 35” definition were excess weight, sporting activities, out-of-school activities, smoking status, working parents and a high family income.ConclusionsThis study, of a large number of adolescents, showed a prevalence of ON similar to that recorded in adult populations. This is a first assessment of orthorexia among adolescent population.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Disordered Eating Behaviors, Perfectionism And Perseverative Negative Thinking–study In a Clinical Sample
Authors: Pereira A.T. , Monteiro E. , Castilho P. , Fonseca L. , Roque C. , Marques M. , Xavier S. , Macedo A. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionIn a recent study developed with a community sample, we have found that although PNT mediated the relationship between perfectionist cognitions and bulimic behavior, the effect of perfectionism on other disordered eating dimensions, such as diet, was independent of the PNT levels (Monteiro et al., 2015).ObjectiveTo investigate if PNT mediates the relationship between perfectionism and disordered eating behaviors in a clinical sample.MethodsFifty-two patients with eating disorders/ED (mean age = 22.54 ± 7.637; mean BMI = 20.07 ± 4.192; 14.5% Anorexia Nervosa cases; 7.8% Bulimia Nervosa and 9.0% EDNOS) were assessed with the ED section of the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies and fill in the Portuguese validated versions of Eating Attitudes Test/EAT-25 (to evaluate Bulimic behaviors/BB, Diet and Social pressure to eat), Multidimensional Perfectionism Scales (to evaluate perfectionism composite dimensions Evaluative Concerns/EC and Perfectionistic Strivings/PS) and Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire/PTQ-15 (to evaluate Repetitive Thought/RT, Cognitive interference and unproductiveness/CIU). Only variables significantly correlated with the outcomes (EAT-25_Total and its dimensions) were entered in the regression models. Mediation analyses using Preacher and Hayes bootstrapping methodology were performed.ResultsEC, PS, CIU and RT were significant predictors of EAT_Total. PA, CIU and PR were significant predictors of BB. EC and PS were significant predictors of Diet. CIU partially mediated the relationship between EC and EAT_Total (95% CI = 0.0025–0.3296) and between EC and BB (95% CI = 0.0037–0.1877).ConclusionAlso in a clinical sample, CII, the most pernicious dimension of PNT, mediates the relationship between perfectionism and disordered eating behavior, particularly bulimic behavior; diet is predicted by perfectionism independently of PNT.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Evaluation Of Psychiatry Attachment On Medical Students’ Attitude To Mental Illness
Authors: Oliver C. , Adekunte O. , Owen B. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundMental illness is subject to stigma, discrimination and prejudice by both healthcare professionals and public. Fortunately, students are still flexible in their beliefs and there is evidence that education in psychiatry may help to positively alter these beliefs. This survey looks into how psychiatry placement positively influences attitudes of medical students to mental illness.AimsTo elicit the effect of clinical attachment in psychiatry on 3rd year medical students’ attitudes toward mental illness.MethodsQuestionnaires were administered to four cohorts of students pre- and post-attachment. Responses were anonymised. Responses were based on Yes/No, free text, order of preference and Likert scale. Analysis was with basic statistical analysis.ResultsNinety-eight pre- and 81 post-placement students responded. There was a 4% increase in mean positive attitude scores following the placement. There was no significant difference in the medical students’ attitudes to violence in mental illness and that patients with mental illness do not want you to help them. Students post-attachment were more likely to disagree with the statement, ‘Psychiatric patients are difficult to like’. However, 6% more students agreed with the statement ‘Alcohol abusers have no self-control’ after the placement!Conclusions and recommendationFollowing the 4-week attachments, the percentage of students reporting more positive attitudes to mental illness showed only a marginal increase. A possible explanation may be insufficient contacts with patients and a feeling of not been part of the treating team.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
A Quality Improvement Initiative – Increasing Cardiometabolic Risk Screening In Adult Outpatient Psychiatry Clinics
Authors: Gunturu S. , Lawler S. 
Published: May 2016

In the USA, People with serious and persistent mental illness (SPMI) die 25 years earlier than the general population! Sixty percent of the increased mortality is due to cardiovascular disease. In NYS, type 2 diabetes is twice as common in people with mental illness on Medicaid compared to the general Medicaid population. In a study of over 10,000 clients with schizophrenia or depression, 52% had metabolic syndrome, and 92% had at least one risk factor. Forty-three percent of clinical antipsychotic trials of intervention effectiveness (CATIE) participants had metabolic syndrome on enrollment.In this quality improvement project, we worked on 3348 adult outpatient psychiatry patients, used techniques like FOCUS-PDCA, brain storming, root cause analysis to address cardiometabolic risk screening and reducing the risk among these patients. We used interventions like prescriber and patient education, streamlining the cardiovascular screening process in the clinic and multidisciplinary team discussions. We collected and analyzed data regarding clinical characteristics of such patients before and after the clinical interventions. HEDIS scores were used to measure the outcomes of the project.In this talk, we want to discuss about quality improvement projects – the methods and processes involved. Also, we wanted to give a glimpse of our project – the plan, work flow processing and the data.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Lessons Learned from Leading a Canadian Psychotherapy Medical Education Program
Authors: Radu G. , Harris N. , Harris G.E. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionUnder Canadian training requirements, psychiatry residents must demonstrate proficiency in various psychotherapy modalities such as cognitive behavior therapy and psychoanalytic psychotherapy.ObjectiveBuilding from an earlier case study of the development of a comprehensive psychotherapy education program, the current presentation explores lessons learned from the ongoing delivery of this program to psychiatrists in training. Innovative strategies, opportunities, challenges and current outcomes on the delivery of this program are explored through a case study framework. The design, implementation and ongoing operation of the psychotherapy education program are based on the Royal College of Physicians of Canada specialty training requirements in psychiatry.MethodsIn the context of the case study framework, a Canadian psychotherapy training program for psychiatrists in training is analysed. The psychotherapy education model is designed and operated to offer a gradual and integrated educational and clinical experience in psychotherapy over four years of training.ResultsThe psychotherapy education program was investigated to explore new frameworks and innovative strategies of delivery and operation. Among the lessons learned were the need to maintain formally structured, modality specific teaching and supervision, video recording of sessions in supervision, provision of additional protected psychotherapy time, access to online training resources and utilization of non-physician mental health experts.ConclusionsThis presentation will investigate the ongoing insights emerging from managing delivery of different psychotherapy competencies to psychiatrists in training in a Royal College of Physicians of Canada accredited program. Implications for training, practice and future research will be discussed.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Scientific Research Providing Behavioral Support For Teachers On The Modification Of Inadequate Behavior Among Adolescents Enrolled In a Language Course In Brazil
Authors: Montagni B. , Varanda C. 
Published: May 2016

Education can benefit from psychological research concerning students’ behavioral problems in order to provide teachers information on how to handle those behavioral issues, since those can predict late psychiatric disorders and interfere negatively with academic achievement. This research investigated problem behavior of students (10–12 yrs) of a language course in Brazil. Behavior was investigated through a problem behavior questionnaire considering the potential effects of peer and teacher attention. The initial hypotheses that there would be a positive correlation between problem behavior and poor academic performance was partially confirmed once correlation between some items of the problem behavior questionnaire and the performance in academic assessment was found. Among all the 15 elected problem behaviors, most of them appear to have the functionality of gaining peer attention and avoiding teacher attention; followed by gaining both teacher and peer attention and gaining teacher attention. These results were used as parameters for the suggestion of positive behavioral support, which contributed to an improved academic performance and to behavioral changes among the students. There was an increase of one point in the academic performance and reduction of 27.8% of the emission of deviant behavior. Nevertheless, a teacher training program showed to be necessary for the teachers to learn how to handle adolescent behavioral problems. These results indicate that scientific research should be put at the service of education, especially in developing countries where lack of resources urges health and education policy makers to take into account findings which may impact a child's health and learning.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Gender Differences and Characteristics of Psychiatric Patients assessed in The Emergency Department of a Regional Hospital in Canada
Authors: agyapong V. , Juhas M. , Ritchie a. , Kavanagh a. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundEpidemiological studies of emergency room (ER) psychiatric settings can help monitor unmet needs and improve the quality of care.ObjectivesTo characterize the patients presenting to emergency department with psychiatric complaints in a medium sized health centre in oil sands region of the Northern alberta.Methodsinformation on a data assessment tool designed to capture all relevant demographic and clinical characteristics of psychiatric patients in the ER was compiled as part of a clinical audit process.ResultsOverall, 477 patients were assessed by the psychiatric team over the 12 month period, comprising 230 (48.2%) males and 247 (51.8%) females. There was a fairly balanced distribution by age, ethnic background, and relationship status between the male and female patients. The majority of patients with a history of self-harm or childhood sexual abuse were female while male patients were significantly more likely to report medication non-compliance. a higher proportion of the female patients had depressive disorders and personality disorders while a higher proportion of male patients had anxiety disorders, bipolar and related disorders, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and substance-related disorders. approximately half of all the patients had an impaired clinical insight. Majority of the patients had a G aF score of 70 or less. Nearly one in five patients were admitted for inpatient treatment with a significantly higher proportion of male patients being admitted involuntarily.ConclusionThere are sex-specific differences in many of the demographic and clinical measures collected in our ER psychiatric sample.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Hyperthyroidism and Psychotic Symptoms: a Case Report
Authors: Benavente López S. , Salgado Borrego N. , arroyave Villa L. , Hernández Durán C. , Muro Fernández de Pinedo E. , García Marín a.P. , Pérez Ordoño L. , Sanz Paloma a.M. , Barbosa Requena R. , Gil Mosquera M. , Bermejo Cabanas N. , Franco Sánchez-Horneros R. , Fernández Marín I. , Rodríguez Miravalles a. , Castro  arias M.L. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionHyperthyroidism may lead to high anxiety status, emotional lability, irritability, overactivity, exaggerated sensitivity to noise, and fluctuating mood, insomnia and hyporexia. in extreme cases, they may appear delusions and hallucinations as psychiatric symptoms.Case reportwe report the case of a 53-year-old female who was diagnosed of hyperthyroidism and generalized anxiety disorder. The patient went to emergency department because of high levels of anxiety, with heart palpitations, trembling, shortness of breath and nausea. She was presenting auditory hallucinations and delusions as psychiatric symptoms. an urgent thyroid profile was made and it was observed the next results: TSH < 0.005; T4:4; T3:21. Due to a severe thyroid malfunction, the patient was admitted and treated with antithyroid agent, improving the psychiatric and somatic symptoms.Discussionin this case, a patient diagnosed of hyperthyroidism and generalized anxiety disorder presented very severe psychiatric symptoms, with hallucinations and delusions. These symptoms may be produced by primary psychiatric disorders, but is very important to look for thyroid alterations, because if they are the cause, the acute treatment of thyroid malfunction is the correct management of the patient.ConclusionsHyperthyroidism is very common in general population, being infradiagnosed most of times. in patient with anxiety or other psychiatric symptoms, it is very important to make a thyroid function tests before the diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder. in extreme cases, hyperthyroidism status may lead to severe psychiatric and somatic complications.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Non-compliance in the Emergency Department: Is there a Difference Between Medical and Psychiatric Patient's Reasons and use of the Emergency Department
Authors: Zun L. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundIt is estimated that on average up to 50% of patients are non-compliant with their medication, resulting in 28% emergency room visits costing about $8.5 billion annually.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to examine, what, if any, differences there are between medical versus psychiatric non-compliant patients with regard to use of the emergency department (ED).Methodsa random sample of patients who present to the ED for medical or psychiatric illnesses and who state that they were non-compliant with their medicine were given the National Health access Survey. They were asked about sources of medical care, drug compliance and reason for non-compliance.ResultsThere were a total of 300 participants in the study. There was no significant difference in the reason both medical and psychiatric patients gave for being non-compliant with their medications that resulted in their ED visit. Each group cited cost as the number one reason for not taking their medication as prescribed. The psychiatric participants who were more likely to get admitted disposition (P = .00), not afford mental health care (P = .01), were not able to get care from other places and used the ED for their psychiatric care (P = .02).ConclusionThere was no difference between the two populations with regards to their reasons for non-compliance that brought them to the ED. Non-compliance of the psychiatric patients compared to the medical patients lead to a higher admission rate.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.