bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating methane gas production in peat soils of the Florida Everglades using hydrogeophysical methods
Authors: Wright William , Comas Xavier 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe spatial and temporal variability in production and release of greenhouse gases (such as methane) in peat soils remains uncertain, particularly for low‐latitude peatlands like the Everglades. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a hydrogeophysical tool that has been successfully used in the last decade to noninvasively investigate carbon dynamics in peat soils; however, application in subtropical systems is almost non‐existent. This study is based on four field sites in the Florida Everglades, where changes in gas content within the soil are monitored using time‐lapse GPR measurements and gas releases are monitored using gas traps. A weekly methane gas production rate is estimated using a mass balance approach, considering gas content estimated from GPR, gas release from gas traps and incorporating rates of diffusion, and methanotrophic consumption from previous studies. Resulting production rates range between 0.02 and 0.47 g CH4 m−2 d−1, falling within the range reported in literature. This study shows the potential of combining GPR with gas traps to monitor gas dynamics in peat soils of the Everglades and estimate methane gas production. We also show the enhanced ability of certain peat soils to store gas when compared to others, suggesting that physical properties control biogenic gas storage in the Everglades peat soils. Better understanding biogenic methane gas dynamics in peat soils has implications regarding the role of wetlands in the global carbon cycle, particularly under a climate change scenario.
Mass Spectrometry of Organoaluminum Derivatives
Authors: Stoddard Rhonda L. , Collins Scott , McIndoe J. Scott 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMass spectrometry has been applied to the characterization of organoaluminum compounds in work that dates back to the introduction of the first commercial instruments. As new ionization methods and associated instrumentation were developed, they have been applied to more difficult analyses so as to characterize the compounds of increasingly higher molecular weight, low volatility and ionic organoaluminum compounds. In thifs chapter, practical advice for performing these analyses, and choice of ionization method(s) to be applied is provided, as well as a representative survey of the various mass spectrometric techniques that have been applied to analysis of organoaluminum compounds.
The Chemistry of Bis‐Aluminated Compounds
Authors: Matsubara Seijiro 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

In this chapter, representative examples of bis‐aluminated compound chemistry will be shown. The compounds can be classified roughly into two categories: The preparations and reactions of
gem
‐dialuminated compounds will be discussed first, followed by those of aluminacycles. They have been expected to work as a dianion equivalent in organic syntheses, and have actually shown specific molecular transformations taking advantage of their capabilities. Although they possess a dianionic character, they have reasonable stability. As useful reactions of
gem
‐dialuminated compounds, alkylidenation of carbonyl compounds and subsequential reactions with electrophiles will be shown. In addition, preparation of cyclic compounds via an insertion reaction of electrophiles into aluminacyles will be discussed.
Advances in the Analytical Chemistry of Metal Phenolates
Authors: Zabicky Jacob 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe chapter is an update of a previously published one[1]#1401, covering the literature up to the autumn of 2014 and following the same guidelines for the selection of analytical methods, namely: A section dealing with detection and determination of specific metal phenolates, a section dealing with conversion of the metal cation analytes into complexes with phenolic ligands before end analysis and a section presenting the use of certain metal phenolates as analytical aids and tools. For the sake of a more complete coverage, formation of anion–metal phenolate and molecule–metal phenolate complexes were also considered. In addition, a section is dedicated to the analytical aspects of ammonium phenolates, especially quaternary ammonium phenolates.
Recent Advances in the Chemistry of Metal Ynolates
Authors: Shindo Mitsuru , Matsumoto Kenji 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe synthesis and reactions of metal ynolates, including a historical survey, have been described elsewhere in the Patai Series. Metal ynolates are good carbon nucleophiles in both tautomeric forms, as an electron‐rich alkyne or as a ketene anion, leading to substituted ketenes. The generated ketene intermediates can act as strong electrophiles: for example, they can be easily converted into metal enolates by the reaction with other carbon nucleophiles. This sequence may serve chemists as inspiration for the development of various unique one‐pot successive reactions, such as [2 + 2] cycloaddition‐Dieckmann condensation, giving multisubstituted carbocycles. The previous review has helped organic chemists to understand the potential utilities and properties as useful reactive species, and, moreover, prompted them to attempt new reactions or synthetic strategies. In this chapter, recent advances in metal ynolate chemistry from 2007 to 2014 are described, especially, synthetic applications leading to bioactive natural products. Heteroatom analogs of metal ynolates are also briefly discussed.
Recent Advances in Nonelectrochemical Analytical Methods Involving Metal Enolates
Authors: Zabicky Jacob 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The chapter is an update of one published in 2009, covering the literature up to the autumn of 2014. Due to space limitations assigned to chapters in this book, the review of analytical methods was divided into two parts, the companion of this chapter dealing with electrochemical methods of analysis and the present one dealing with all the rest, especially spectrophotometric and optical methods. The same guidelines as in the older chapter were followed for the selection of analytical methods, namely: A section dealing with detection and determination of specific metal enolates, a section dealing with conversion of metal cation analytes into complexes with enolic ligands before end analysis and a section presenting the use of certain metal enolates as analytical aids and tools.
Visible Light‐Initiated C(sp3)Br/C(sp3)H Functionalization of α‐Carbonyl Alkyl Bromides through Hydride Radical Shift
Authors: Li Yang , Liu Bang , Song Ren‐Jie , Wang Qiu‐An , Li Jin‐Heng 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA new visible light‐initiated 1,5‐hydride radical shift strategy has been developed to enable the one‐step functionalization of both a C(sp3)Br bond and a C(sp3)H bond adjacent to the same carbon atom. This visible light photoredox catalysis offers a mild and straightforward access to diverse five‐membered carbocyclic ring‐fused polycyclic hydrocarbons with high turnover numbers (TONs; up to 4.93×103) and broad substrate scope.magnified image
Agribusiness: An International Journal's First 30 Volumes
Authors: Van Fleet David D. , Woolverton Michael W. , Beierlein James G. , Cotterill Ronald W. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTAgribusiness: An International Journal, now a well‐recognized journal in the discipline, completed its 30th year of publication in 2014. This article examines three decades of publication statistics to provide an understanding of its development and a brief look at its possible future. Thus, this is a bibliographic history of Agribusiness and a brief case study of organizational evolution.
Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Libraries of Triazine Dendrimers and Orthogonal Staining Methods for Tracking Reactions on Resin
Authors: Huang Adela Y.‐T. , Patra Subrata , Chen Hui‐Ting , Kao Chai‐Lin , Simanek Eric E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractReaction tracking is important in solid‐phase synthesis, especially for the preparation of dendrimers. In this study, a pair of orthogonal staining methods involving ninhydrin and Alizarin R was used to monitor the presence of alkyl amines or aryl chlorides, respectively, for tracking a reaction's progress. This staining method was applied to the solid‐phase dendrimer synthesis of a small library of triazine dendrimers that varied in generation from 1 to 3 and with specific ratios of surface groups. Starting with a Rink amide resin, iterative reactions of cyanuric chloride and a linking diamine, aminomethylpiperidine, provided the desired materials. Peripheral dichlorotriazines could be reacted selectively with two different amine nucleophiles to yield a multifunctional surface in a total yield of 81–87 %. The whole preparation process could be accomplished within one week, which dramatically improved the preparation efficiency.
Rituximab versus fingolimod after natalizumab in multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Alping Peter , Frisell Thomas , Novakova Lenka , Islam‐Jakobsson Protik , Salzer Jonatan , Björck Anna , Axelsson Markus , Malmeström Clas , Fink Katharina , Lycke Jan , Svenningsson Anders , Piehl Fredrik 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveMany JC virus antibody‐positive relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients who are stable on natalizumab switch to other therapies to avoid progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.MethodsWe compared outcomes for all RRMS patients switching from natalizumab due to JC virus antibody positivity at 3 Swedish multiple sclerosis centers with different preferential use of rituximab and fingolimod (Stockholm, n = 156, fingolimod 51%; Gothenburg, n = 64, fingolimod 88%; Umeå, n = 36, fingolimod 19%), yielding a total cohort of N = 256 (fingolimod 55%).ResultsWithin 1.5 years of cessation of natalizumab, 1.8% (rituximab) and 17.6% (fingolimod) of patients experienced a clinical relapse (hazard ratio for rituximab = 0.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.02–0.43). The hazard ratio (favoring rituximab) for adverse events (5.3% vs 21.1%) and treatment discontinuation (1.8% vs 28.2%) were 0.25 (95% CI = 0.10–0.59) and 0.07 (95% CI = 0.02–0.30), respectively. Furthermore, contrast‐enhancing lesions were found in 1.4% (rituximab) versus 24.2% (fingolimod) of magnetic resonance imaging examinations (odds ratio = 0.05, 95% CI = 0.00–0.22). Differences remained when adjusting for possible confounders (age, sex, disability status, time on natalizumab, washout time, follow‐up time, and study center).InterpretationOur findings suggest an improved effectiveness and tolerability of rituximab compared with fingolimod in stable RRMS patients who switch from natalizumab due to JC virus antibody positivity. Although residual confounding factors cannot be ruled out, the shared reason for switching from natalizumab and the preferential use of either rituximab or fingolimod in 2 of the centers mitigates these concerns. Ann Neurol 2016;79:950–958
Mechanically Induced Catalytic Amplification Reaction for Readout of Receptor‐Mediated Cellular Forces
Authors: Ma Victor Pui‐Yan , Liu Yang , Yehl Kevin , Galior Kornelia , Zhang Yun , Salaita Khalid 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMechanics play a fundamental role in cell biology, but detecting piconewton (pN) forces is challenging because of a lack of accessible and high throughput assays. A mechanically induced catalytic amplification reaction (MCR) for readout of receptor‐mediated forces in cells is described. Mechanically labile DNA duplexes presenting ligands are surface immobilized such that specific receptor forces denature the duplex and thus expose a blocked primer. Amplification of primers is achieved using an isothermal polymerization reaction and quantified by fluorescence readout. As a proof of concept, the assay was used to test the activity of a mechanomodulatory drug and integrin adhesion receptor antibodies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of a catalytic reaction triggered in response to molecular piconewton forces. The MCR may transform the field of mechanobiology by providing a new facile tool to detect receptor specific mechanics with the convenience of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
The Dynamic Organic/Inorganic Interface of Colloidal PbS Quantum Dots
Authors: Grisorio Roberto , Debellis Doriana , Suranna Gian Paolo , Gigli Giuseppe , Giansante Carlo 
Published: April 2016

AbstractColloidal quantum dots are composed of nanometer‐sized crystallites of inorganic semiconductor materials bearing organic molecules at their surface. The organic/inorganic interface markedly affects forms and functions of the quantum dots, therefore its description and control are important for effective application. Herein we demonstrate that archetypal colloidal PbS quantum dots adapt their interface to the surroundings, thus existing in solution phase as equilibrium mixtures with their (metal‐)organic ligand and inorganic core components. The interfacial equilibria are dictated by solvent polarity and concentration, show striking size dependence (leading to more stable ligand/core adducts for larger quantum dots), and selectively involve nanocrystal facets. This notion of ligand/core dynamic equilibrium may open novel synthetic paths and refined nanocrystal surface‐chemistry strategies.
Probing the Small‐Molecule Inhibition of an Anticancer Therapeutic Protein‐Protein Interaction Using a Solid‐State Nanopore
Authors: Kwak Dong‐Kyu , Chae Hongsik , Lee Mi‐Kyung , Ha Ji‐Hyang , Goyal Gaurav , Kim Min Jun , Kim Ki‐Bum , Chi Seung‐Wook 
Published: April 2016

AbstractNanopore sensing is an emerging technology for the single‐molecule‐based detection of various biomolecules. In this study, we probed the anticancer therapeutic p53 transactivation domain (p53TAD)/MDM2 interaction and its inhibition with a small‐molecule MDM2 antagonist, Nutlin‐3, using low‐noise solid‐state nanopores. Although the translocation of positively charged MDM2 through a nanopore was detected at the applied negative voltage, this MDM2 translocation was almost completely blocked upon formation of the MDM2/GST‐p53TAD complex owing to charge conversion. In combination with NMR data, the nanopore measurements showed that the addition of Nutlin‐3 rescued MDM2 translocation, indicating that Nutlin‐3 disrupted the MDM2/GST‐p53TAD complex, thereby releasing MDM2. Taken together, our results reveal that solid‐state nanopores can be a valuable platform for the ultrasensitive, picomole‐scale screening of small‐molecule drugs against protein–protein interaction (PPI) targets.
Formation Mechanism of the First Carbon–Carbon Bond and the First Olefin in the Methanol Conversion into Hydrocarbons
Authors: Liu Yue , Müller Sebastian , Berger Daniel , Jelic Jelena , Reuter Karsten , Tonigold Markus , Sanchez‐Sanchez Maricruz , Lercher Johannes A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe elementary reactions leading to the formation of the first carbon–carbon bond during early stages of the zeolite‐catalyzed methanol conversion into hydrocarbons were identified by combining kinetics, spectroscopy, and DFT calculations. The first intermediates containing a C−C bond are acetic acid and methyl acetate, which are formed through carbonylation of methanol or dimethyl ether even in presence of water. A series of acid‐catalyzed reactions including acetylation, decarboxylation, aldol condensation, and cracking convert those intermediates into a mixture of surface bounded hydrocarbons, the hydrocarbon pool, as well as into the first olefin leaving the catalyst. This carbonylation based mechanism has an energy barrier of 80 kJ mol−1 for the formation of the first C−C bond, in line with a broad range of experiments, and significantly lower than the barriers associated with earlier proposed mechanisms.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Silacyclopentanes
Authors: Igawa Kazunobu , Yoshihiro Daisuke , Abe Yusuke , Tomooka Katsuhiko 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA variety of functionalized silacyclopentanes were synthesized by highly enantioselective β‐eliminations of silacyclopentene oxides followed by stereospecific transformations. The reaction mechanism of the β‐elimination was elucidated by DFT calculations. An in vitro biological assay with an oxy‐functionalized silacyclopentane showed substantial binding to a serotonin receptor protein.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Diastereoselective and Enantioselective Allylic Substitutions with Acyclic α‐Alkoxy Ketones
Authors: Jiang Xingyu , Chen Wenyong , Hartwig John F. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe asymmetric alkylation of acyclic ketones is a longstanding challenge in organic synthesis. Reported herein are diastereoselective and enantioselective allylic substitutions with acyclic α‐alkoxy ketones catalyzed by a metallacyclic iridium complex to form products with contiguous stereogenic centers derived from the nucleophile and electrophile. These reactions occur between allyl methyl carbonates and unstabilized copper(I) enolates generated in situ from acyclic α‐alkoxy ketones. The resulting products can be readily converted into enantioenriched tertiary alcohols and tetrahydrofuran derivatives without erosion of enantiomeric purity.
‘So I Feel Like I'm Getting It and Then Sometimes I Think OK, No I'm Not’: Couple and Family Therapists Learning an Evidence‐Based Practice
Authors: Allan Robert , Ungar Michael , Eatough Virginia 
Published: April 2016

This research concerns itself with the experiences of couple and family therapists (CFTs) learning about and using an evidence‐based practice (EBP). The engagement with EBP is growing across many aspects of the mental health and health care systems. The EBP model is now being applied in a broad range of health and human service systems, including mental and behavioural health care, social work, education, and criminal justice (Hunsley, 2007). The dialogue about the role of evidence‐based approaches in the practice of CFT and research literature is also evolving (Sexton et al., 2011; Sprenkle). Interestingly, while the research delves into what are the best approaches with different populations and presenting issues, little research has explored the experience ofCFTs themselves, particularly while learning an EBP. Using a phenomenological approach called interpretive phenomenological analysis (Smith, Flowers & Larkin, 2009), this research explores the experiences ofCFTs learning and using an EBP. The paper reports on key issues, challenges, and areas forCFTs, educators, and supervisors. As researchers, educators, administrators, policy makers, andCFTs struggle with what works best with which populations and how best to allocate resources, this research contributes to dialogues about how best to educate and supportCFTs, and the complexity of doing research in real‐life settings.
Biopolyamide hybrid composites for high performance applications
Authors: Armioun Shaghayegh , Panthapulakkal Suhara , Scheel Johannes , Tjong Jimi , Sain Mohini 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThis study focuses on the performance characteristics of wood/short carbon fiber hybrid biopolyamide11 (PA11) composites. The composites were produced by melt‐compounding of the fibers with the polyamide via extrusion and injection molding. The results showed that mechanical properties, such as tensile and flexural strength and modulus of the wood fiber composites were significantly higher than the PA11 and hybridization with carbon fiber further enhanced the performance properties, as well as the thermal resistance of the composites. Compared to wood fiber composites (30% wood fiber), hybridization with carbon fiber (10% wood fiber and 20% carbon fiber) increased the tensile and flexural modulus by 168% and 142%, respectively. Izod impact strength of the hybrid composites exhibited a good improvement compared to wood fiber composites. Thermal properties and resistance to water absorption of the composites were improved by hybridization with carbon fiber. In overall, the study indicated that the developed hybrid composites are promising candidates for high performance applications, where high stiffness and thermal resistance are required. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43595.
Electrical, thermal, and viscoelastic properties of graphene nanoplatelet/poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) biodegradable nanocomposites
Authors: Kashi Sima , Gupta Rahul K. , Kao Nhol , Bhattacharya Sati N. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTGraphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were dispersed in poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) by melt‐blending. Scanning electron micrographs showed good dispersion of GNPs in PBAT at low concentrations while at higher loadings, the platelets became physically in contact forming conductive pathways. Electrical conductivity of PBAT was enhanced markedly with GNP addition with a distinctly faster rate for GNP loadings higher than 6 wt % because of formation of conductive networks. Interestingly, thermal stability of PBAT was also found to increase for GNP loadings above 6 wt %. Dynamic viscoelastic properties of the nanocomposites exhibited significant enhancement with increasing GNPs. In particular, storage modulus showed less frequency dependency in the low frequency region leading to a percolation threshold of between 6 and 9 wt %, above which time–temperature superposition principle failed. Steady shear measurements revealed that GNP incorporation increased the zero‐shear viscosity markedly and intensified the shear thinning behavior. Carreau model well described the shear viscosity of all the compositions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43620.
High temperature shape memory polyimide ionomer
Authors: Bai Yongkang , Mao Long , Liu Yuejun 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTIn this work, a high temperature shape memory polymer based on polyimide (PI) ionomer is prepared by introducing ionic crosslinked interaction. The ionic crosslinked points are introduced to polymer networks through the reaction between polyamic acid and calcium hydroxide before thermal imidization. The crosslinked reaction, microtopography, mechanical, thermal, and shape memory properties of PI ionomers are systematically investigated. The results show the introduction of ionic crosslinked interaction could enhance the glass transition temperature, mechanical, and shape recovery performance of ODA‐ODPA, a PI. The prepared ionomers exhibit good high temperature shape memory properties around 270 °C. The shape fixation and shape recovery ratio are over 99% and 90%, respectively. This method provided a new sight of preparing high temperature shape memory polymer, which could be used in severe conditions, like aerospace industry field. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43630.