bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical features of toxic optic neuropathies
Authors: Sheremet N L , Khanakova N A , Zhorzholadze N V , Nevinitsyna T A 
Published: June 2017

Aim. To study the features of the clinical symptoms of toxic optic neuropathy.
Methods. 21 patients (42 eyes) with toxic optic neuropathy were examined with the use of standard ophthalmic exam, computer visual field test, spectral optical coherence tomography of the retina and optic nerve.
Results. Toxic optic neuropathies were caused by the acute (4 patients) or chronic (10 patients) alcohol intake, drug abuse (6 patients) and medications (ethambutol, 1 patient). In all patients bilateral visual deterioration with central scotomas with various levels of light sensitivity reduction and prominent dyschromatopsia was revealed. The features of structural changes were reveled in patients with toxic optic neuropathy: the primary thinning of the retinal inner layers with further peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness loss. Severity of the structural changes ranged from the predominant damage of the retinal inner layers and minor decrease in the temporal peripapillary sector thickness to profound atrophy of the ganglion cell complex and optic nerve. In acute and chronic alcohol abuse after the treatment and complete alcohol cessation 43% of patients noted recovered visual function.
Conclusion. Severity of the symptoms of toxic optic neuropathy, intensity and the rate of atrophy development, and prognosis depend on the nature of the toxin, its dose and exposure time, genetic features in each case; such algorithm of the changes is probably connected to the pathogenesis based on mitochondrial dysfunction.
The influence of habitat factors on the prevalence of kidney and bladder cancer in bioclimatic zones of Primorsky krai
Authors: Kiku P F , Alekseeva G N , Moreva V G , Volkov M V , Yudin S V 
Published: June 2017

Aim. To evaluate the prevalence of kidney cancer and bladder cancer under the influence of environmental factors in different bioclimatic and ecological zones of Primorsky Krai.
Methods. The initial data were the incidence of kidney and bladder cancer (form №12) according to administrative territories of Primorsky Krai during the period from 1994 to 2014. In assessing the risk of prevalence of malignant neoplasms of kidneys and bladder in bioclimatic zones (maritime climate of the coast, transitional climate from maritime to continental and continental climate), ranking of territories of the region by zones of ecological stress was used: critical, intense, satisfactory, and relatively benign. To calculate the impact of habitat factors on the urologic oncology, information entropy and correlation and regression analyses were used.
Results. The groups of areas with low, medium and high incidence of malignant neoplasms of the bladder and kidneys were distinguished. High prevalence of oncourologic pathology was determined in the areas of critical and intense environmental situation, where the coal, mining and chemical industry, construction industry, machine-building plants are located, and in areas with intensive chemicalization of agriculture. It was revealed that bladder cancer prevalence has a tendency to rise from the continental bioclimatic zone to the coast in all ecological zones, mainly due to differences in the structure of coast and continental areas bioclimate. It was shown that high morbidity rate is associated with drinking water quality, overall pollution of the environment, and depends on the chemical composition of groundwater and sanitary condition of soils.
Conclusion. Ranking of territories by the prevalence of oncourology gives the possibility to make further operational decisions on the development of the complex of top-priority preventive and health-improving activities for specific areas.
Car Accident Due to Horse Crossing the Motorway: Two Case Reports
Authors: Kılıç Serbülent , Cantürk Gürol 
Published: June 2017

Basic Commercial Court in Ankara wanted a report from our department of forensic medicine about two injury cases due to animal vehicle collision. The reports should include the disability rate and the duration of unfunctionality. After the examination we prepared the reports. Both vehicle collisions happened due to free ranging horse crossing the motorway. Both cases had different types of injury due to trauma. Vehicle collision due to horse crossing the motorway is rarely met in Turkey.
Our first case is a man that had upper extremity and facial injury. He uses prothesis due to ear amputation. He has a scar tissue on the right side of his face and left forearm. The other case is three-years-old boy that had cranial bone fracture and cranial hematoma. He has also hemiparesis of the right side of body. Both cases have neurologic sequels but they have no psychiatric sequels.
In literature, animal vehicle collisions involve lots of animal species such as kangaroo, deer, camel and moose. Animal vehicle collision involving the horses is rarely met. Forensic medicine specialists should state the causal link between traumatic events and disabilities in order to help justice. Our aim to present the current two cases is investigation of injuries of animal related collision and makes forensic medicine specialists pay attention to the subject of preparing reports about such cases.
Key words: Animal vehicle collision; death; disability; horse; injury; motorway.
Enhancing Cross Cultural Communication In The Marketing Classroom: A Case Approach
Authors: Budden Michael C. , Budden Connie B. , Lopez Tará Burnthorne 
Published: June 2017

The importance of effective communication skills in the workplace is widely documented and recognized as a success factor in many fields of endeavor. As the workplace becomes more diverse and more global in nature, the ability to communicate across cultures is gaining in importance. A class exercise in which Panamanian educators and US students cross-interviewed each other is discussed with regard to its perceived impact on the communication process and on its ability to enlighten students on shopping behaviors of persons from another culture.
Foliculogénesis y ovulación en la especie equina
Authors: Andrade Souza Fernando , Pérez Osorio Jair , D`Oliveira-Sousa Abisai , Do Vale Filho Vicente Ribeiro , Marc Henry , Chacón J. Liliana , Arias Sergio A. 
Published: June 2017

El hipotálamo se considera un punto clave del control reproductivo; este órgano produce la hormona GnRH, un decapéptido que se libera en el sistema portal hipotalámico-hipofisiario para estimular la síntesis y liberación de las gonadotropinas. Las gonadotropinas son responsables de la dinámica folicular ovárica, la producción de estrógenos, la ovulación y luteinización del cuerpo lúteo, en conjunto con otras hormonas y sustancias como el factor de crecimiento parecido a la insulina (IGF-1), y la proteína plasmática asociada a preñez (PPAP-A), las cuales controlan los principales signos de comportamiento del estro y los eventos que determinan la ovulación. Dentro de los procesos de la ovulación se destacan la liberación de la prostaglandina folicular que inicia la lisis de la pared del folículo; esta lisis se asocia con el aumento en la enzima óxido nítrico sintetasa endotelial (NOSe) que aumenta el flujo sanguíneo ováricoactivando los péptidos vasoactivos angiotensina II (Ang II), endotelina-1 (ET-1) y el péptido natriurético atrial (ANP). Esta revisión tiene como objetivo ampliar el conocimiento de los acontecimientos que se relacionan con el ciclo estral, la dinámica folicular y el proceso de la ovulación, para aplicarlos adecuadamente al manejo reproductivo en las yeguas.
EFFECT OF YISHENJIANPI RECIPE ON SEMEN QUALITY AND SPERM MITOCHONDRIA IN MICE WITH OLIGOASTHENOZOOSPERMIA INDUCED BY TRIPTERYGIUM GLYCOSIDES
Authors: Sheng Wen , Zhang Yao-Sheng , Li Yue-Qing , Wu Xiao-Ni , Chai Li-Min , Yue Li-Feng , Liu Juan , Ding Jin , Li Xian-Rui , Chen Meng , Shang Jian-Wei 
Published: June 2017

Background:Kidney tonifying - spleen strengthening method being one of the modalities for treatment of
astheno-oligozoospermia is currently commonly used in the clinical setting. To investigate the mechanism of
YiShenJianPi (YSJP) Recipe, used in Traditional Chinese Medicine to benefit “the kidney” and strengthen “the spleen”.
Materials and Methods: Oligoasthenozoospermia, male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into normal control,
disease model, positive control, low-dosage and high-dosage groups. Oligoasthenozoospermia was induced by
tripterygium glucosides intragastric administration before treatment started.Through using computer-aided sperm
analysis to test the changes in sperm quality, utilizing flow cytometry to test the percentage of sperm with normal
mitochondrial transmembrane potential (JC-1 + %), utilizing X-ray microscopy to observe epididymal sperm
ultra-microstructure placing special emphasis and photographing the differences in mitochondria of the flagellum
region.
Results: Compared with DM, sperm quality of the treated mice was significantly better (P
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIMICROBIAL AND CYTOTOXICITY STUDIES OF ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF APHANIA SENEGALENSIS (SAPINDACEAE)
Authors: Fall Alioune Dior , Bagla Victor P , Bassene Emmanuel , Eloff Jacobus Nicolaas 
Published: June 2017

Background: Aphania senegalensis (Sapindaceae) is commonly used in Senegalese traditional medicine to treat pain,
inflammation, asthenia, bacterial and fungal infections.
The aim of this study was to determine the type of phytochemical constituents present in the ethanol leaf extract and its
antimicrobial activity against selected bacterial and fungal pathogens.
Materials and Methods: The ethanol leaf extract of A. senegalensis was evaluated for its cytotoxic effect in the MTT
assay against Vero cells. Flavonoids and tannins were the main constituents of the ethanol leaf extract.
Results: The extract inhibited the growth of the three fungal strains used in this study moderately with the lowest MIC
obtained for Candida albicans (0.16 mg/mL). The extract also inhibited the growth of Aspergillus fumigatus and
Cryptococcus neoformans with an MIC of 0.62 mg/mL. For bacterial pathogens, strong inhibition was obtained against
Enterococcus faecalis (ATTC 29212) (MIC 0.08 mg/mL), while moderate inhibition was obtained for Escherichia coli
(ATTC 25922) (MIC 0.16 mg/mL) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATTC 29213) (MIC 0.31mg/mL). The extract however
did not inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATTC 27853) at the highest concentration (2.5 mg/ml) tested.
The ethanol leaf extract of A. senegalensis had a higher cytotoxicity than berberine used as the positive control (LC50
2.67±0.04 μg/mL and 9.99±0.54 μg/mL respectively). The best selectivity index values was obtained for Enterococcus
faecalis (SI = 1.24), followed by Escherichia coli (SI = 0.62) for bacterial pathogens and C. albicans (SI = 0.62) for
fungal pathogens.
Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that the extracts may not be safe for use in animals infected by some
pathogens.Enterococcus faecalis (ATTC 29212) (MIC 0.08 mg/mL), while moderate inhibition was obtained for Escherichia coli (ATTC 25922) (MIC 0.16 mg/mL) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATTC 29213) (MIC 0.31mg/mL). The extract however did not inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATTC 27853) at the highest concentration (2.5 mg/ml) tested. The ethanol leaf extract of A. senegalensis had a higher cytotoxicity than berberine used as the positive control (LC50 2.67±0.04 µg/mL and 9.99±0.54 µg/mL respectively). The best selectivity index values was obtained for Enterococcus faecalis (SI = 1.24), followed by Escherichia coli (SI = 0.62) for bacterial pathogens and C. albicans (SI = 0.62) for fungal pathogens. This indicatives that the extracts may not be safe to use on animals infected by some pathogens.
EFFECT OF FUCOIDAN ON B16 MURINE MELANOMA CELL MELANIN FORMATION AND APOPTOSIS
Authors: Wang Zhi-Jiang , Wei Xu , Liang Jian-Wen , Wang Cai-Sheng , Kang Yani 
Published: June 2017

Background:Fucoidan is a complex sulfated polysaccharide extracted from brown seaweed and has a wide variety of
biological activities. It not only inhibits cancer cell growth but also inhibits tyrosinase in vitro. Therefore, it is of
interest to investigate the effect of fucoidan on B16 murine melanoma cells as the findings may provide new insights
into the underlying mechanism regarding the inhibition of melanin formation by fucoidan. In the present study, we
aimed to investigate the anti-melanogenic effect of fucoidan and its inhibitory effect on B16 cells.
Materials and Methods: The influence of fucoidan on B16 melanoma cells and cellular tyrosinase was examined. Cell
viability was examined by the cell counting kit-8 assay. Cellular tyrosinase activity and melanin content were
determined using spectrophotometric methods and protein expression was analyzed by immunoblotting. Morphological
changes in B16 melanoma cells were examined by phase contrast microscopy and apoptosis was analyzed by flow
cytometry.
Results: In vitro studies were performed using cell viability analysis and showed that fucoidan significantly decreased
viable cell number in a dose-response manner with an IC50 of 550 ±4.3 μg/mL. Cell morphology was altered and
significant apoptosis was induced when cells were exposed to 550 μg/mL fucoidan for 48 h.
Conclusion: This study provides substantial evidence to show that fucoidan inhibits B16 melanoma cell proliferation
and cellular tyrosinase activity. Fucoidan may be useful in the treatment of hyperpigmentation and as a skin-whitening
agent in the cosmetics industry.
TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN TRIBES OF TRIPURA IN NORTHEAST, INDIA
Authors: Maria Debbarma , Pala Nazir A. , Kumar Munesh , Bussmann Rainer W. 
Published: June 2017

Background: The present study was carried out in Mandwi area and its outskirts of Tripura district of tribal areas
Autonomous district council to document the available ethno-medicinal plants and their traditional application among
Mandwi tribes.
Methodology: Field explorations were carried out during the months of March-June 2013. The ethno-medicinal survey was
conducted particularly with Tripuri tribe in Mandai area, with the help of local medicine men, locally known as bhoidho
(Tripuri). Data were collected through structure questionnaires and observations during the field visits.
Results: In the present study the local population used a total of 51 plant species belonging to 32 families to cure a variety
of diseases. Of the 51 plants, 21 were herbs, followed by trees (17) and shrubs (8). Climbers and ferns had reported 2
species for each one grass species was found. Fabaceae was the dominant family with the highest number of species (6)
followed by Asteracae (4 species) and Lamiaceae (5 species). Seven other families had 2 species each and 22 families were
represented by a single species. In case single diseases, the highest number of plants (7 species) was used for dysentery,
followed by body pain (6 species), cough (6 species) and toothache (6 species).
Conclusion: The present study concluded that, the Tripuri tribes of the study area possess rich knowledge on the medicinal
plants and their utilization. Thus the present study focuses on the documentation of the traditional knowledge of these
valuable plants, which could enhance the potential of these medicinal plants to other communities as well and by
understanding the importance, other communities can also be helpful for conservation of these resources for further use.
POSSIBLE HYPOCHOLESTEROLEMIC EFFECT OF GINGER AND ROSEMARY OILS IN RATS
Authors: Eissa Fatma A. , Choudhry Hani , Abdulaal Wesam H. , Baothman Othman A. , Zeyadi Mustafa , Moselhy Said S. , Zamzami Mazin A. 
Published: June 2017

Background: Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for development of atherosclerosis. The present study was conducted to evaluate the potential effect of ginger oil alone or combined with rosemary oil as hypocholesterolemic agent in rats fed high fat diet.
Materials and methods: Healthy female albino rats (n=80) weighting about (150-180 g) were included in this study divided into two equal groups; Group (I): were fed on the basal diet. Group (I) were divided into 4 subgroups each 10: Group (Ia): negative control. Group (Ib): Rats received i.p 2.5 g/Kg b.w of ginger oil. Group (Ic): rats received i.p 2.5 g/Kg b.w of rosemary oil. Group (Id): Rats received i.p 5 g/Kg b.w mixture of ginger oil and rosemary oil (1:1). The second main groups; Group (II): high fat diet (HFD) were fed on the basal diet plus cholesterol (1%), bile salt (0.25%) and animal fat (15%) to induce hypercholesterolemia for six weeks. Group (II) was divided into 4subgroups: Group (IIa): HFD. Group (IIb): HFD were treated with i.p 2.5 g/Kg b.w ginger oil. Group (IIc): (n=10) HFD were treated with i.p 2.5 g/Kg b.w rosemary oil. Group (IId): (n=10) HFD were treated with i.p 5 g/Kg b.w mixture of oils.
Results: It was found that HFD rats showed a significant elevation in glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, GOT, GPT, alkaline phosphatase and a reduction in serum HDL-c compared with negative control. Treatment with ginger oil, rosemary oil and their mixture modulated the elevation of these parameters. Histopathological examination of the liver tissue of HFD rats showed a lipid deposition and macrophage infiltration and stenosis of hepatic vein. Treatment with mixture oils preserves normal structure of liver.
Conclusion: It was concluded that, hypocholesterolemic effect was related to the active oil content as Rosemary oil contain - α-pinene, Camphor, cineole, borneol and Ginger oil contain Linalool, Terpineol ,Borneol , Eucalyptol.
IN VIVO EFFECT OF GUIDING-HERB RADIX PLATYCODONIS AND RADIX CYATHULAE ON PAEONIFLORIN PHARMACOKINETICS OF XUEFU ZHUYU TANG IN RATS
Authors: Tang Song-qi , Chen Yun-hui , Chen Xi-ping , Zhang Xiao-dan , Huang Wei 
Published: June 2017

Background: Xuefu Zhuyu Tang (XFZYT), first recorded in Correction of Errors in Medical Works by Qing-ren Wang, has been proven reliable and effective for curing various diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and angina pectoris. It consists of 11 herbs and two of them, Radix platycodonis and Radix cyathulae, have been traditionally considered as guiding herbs and deeply valued by tens of millions of Chinese medicine practitioners. Do Radix platycodonis and Radix cyathulae affect the pharmacokinetics of the effective constituent-paeoniflorin of XFZYT? If yes, in what way? This study aims to answer these questions.
Materials and Methods: The medicinal solutions of XFZYT, XFZYT without Radix platycodonis (XFZYT-JG), XFZYT without Radix cyathulae (XFZYT-NX), and XFZYT without Radix platycodonis and Radix cyathulae (XFZYT-JG-NX) were prepared and administrated to rats in the normal group and the blood-stasis model group by gavage, respectively. The blood samples of rats in the normal group were obtained 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 120, and 240 minutes after gavage; whereas the blood samples of rats in the blood-stasis model group were obtained 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 90, 150, and 240 minutes after gavage. Biological samples were processed; the assays of specificity, precision, linearity, intra-day and inter-day precisions, recovery and stability were conducted; high performance liquid chromatography was performed to detect paeoniflorin content; and DAS software was adopted to generate pharmacokinetic parameters. Mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile and water (16:84), detection wavelength was 230 nm, and riboflavin was set as internal standard substance.
Results: The pharmacokinetic parameters of the rats in the normal group after oral gavage of XFZYT, XFZYT-JG, XFZYT-NX, and XFZYT-JG-NX were Cmax = (0.363±0.248, 0.065±0.020, 0.099±0.033, 0.099±0.020) mg/L, Tmax = (0.276±0.084, 0.583±0.342, 0.555±0.228, 0.317±0.033)h, t1/2 = (0.501±0.241, 1.021±0.522, 0.853±0.377, 1.227±0.402) h; and AUC0-∞ = (0.381±0.415, 0.13±0.085, 0.166±0.066, 0.185±0.059) mg/L·h.; whereas the pharmacokinetic parameters for the rats in the blood-stasis model group after oral gavage of XFZYT, XFZYT-JG, XFZYT-NX, and XFZYT-JG-NX were Cmax = (0.315±0.153, 0.215±0.044, 0.228±0.056, 0.248±0.09) mg/L, Tmax = (0.5±0, 0.667±0.129, 0.5±0, 0.542±0.102) h, t1/2 = (0.408±0.146, 0.813±0.135, 0.708±0.383, 0.741±0.173) h, and AUC 0-∞ = (0.306±0.157, 0.408±0.136, 0.368±0.159, 0.381±0.246) mg/L·h.
Conclusion: The guiding herbs, Radix platycodonis and Radix cyathulae, significantly increased the absorption amount and rate of paeoniflorin in XFZYT, and accelerated its elimination from the blood.
SOME ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF SHELLED AND KERNEL TEA (Camellia sinensis) SEEDS
Authors: Altuntas Ebubekir , Yildiz Merve 
Published: June 2017

Background: Camellia sinensis is the source of tea leaves and it is an economic crop now grown around the World.
Tea seed oil has been used for cooking in China and other Asian countries for more than a thousand years. Tea is the
most widely consumed beverages after water in the world. It is mainly produced in Asia, central Africa, and exported
throughout the World. Some engineering properties (size dimensions, sphericity, volume, bulk and true densities,
friction coefficient, colour characteristics and mechanical behaviour as rupture force of shelled and kernel tea (Camellia
sinensis) seeds were determined in this study.
Materials and Methods: This research was carried out for shelled and kernel tea seeds. The shelled tea seeds used in this
study were obtained from East-Black Sea Tea Cooperative Institution in Rize city of Turkey. Shelled and kernel tea
seeds were characterized as large and small sizes.
Results: The average geometric mean diameter and seed mass of the shelled tea seeds were 15.8 mm, 10.7 mm (large
size); 1.47 g, 0.49 g (small size); while the average geometric mean diameter and seed mass of the kernel tea seeds
were 11.8 mm, 8 mm for large size; 0.97 g, 0.31 g for small size, respectively. The sphericity, surface area and volume
values were found to be higher in a larger size than small size for the shelled and kernel tea samples. The shelled tea
seed’s colour intensity (Chroma) were found between 59.31 and 64.22 for large size, while the kernel tea seed’s
chroma values were found between 56.04 68.34 for large size, respectively. The rupture force values of kernel tea
seeds were higher than shelled tea seeds for the large size along X axis; whereas, the rupture force values of along X
axis were higher than Y axis for large size of shelled tea seeds. The static coefficients of friction of shelled and kernel
tea seeds for the large and small sizes higher values for rubber than the other friction surfaces.
Conclusion: Some engineering properties, such as geometric mean diameter, sphericity, volume, bulk and true
densities, the coefficient of friction, L*, a*, b* colour characteristics and rupture force of shelled and kernel tea
(Camellia sinensis) seeds will serve to design the equipment used in postharvest treatments.