bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consumption of special diets among adolescents from 1999 to 2013: A population‐based study in Finland
Authors: Parviainen Heli , Elorinne Anna‐Liisa , Väisänen Pertti , Rimpelä Arja 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSpecial diets are consumed as a treatment for diseases such as food allergies, diabetes, lactose intolerance, and coeliac disease. Lifestyle‐related diets, such as vegetarian, weight‐reducing, sports, bodybuilding, and low‐carbohydrate diets, can also be called special diets. The aim of this study was to examine the frequency of and reasons for special diet consumption as a therapeutic measure or as a lifestyle‐related choice among 12‐ to 18‐year‐old Finns. Nationwide cross‐sectional data were collected by mailed, self‐administered questionnaires in 1999, 2001, 2007, and 2013. The number of respondents varied from 3535 to 8219, and response rates ranged from 38% to 76%. Consumption of special diets, both for therapeutic purposes and as a lifestyle‐related choice, showed a significant increasing trend in 12‐ to 18‐year‐olds from 1999 to 2013 (p < .001). During the study period, the most frequently‐reported single diets in adolescents were vegetarian and lactose intolerance diets. However, a fluctuation trend was observed in the consumption of different lifestyle‐related diets. Further, a growing number of respondents, especially girls, reported simultaneous consumption of a combination of two or more therapeutic and/or lifestyle‐related diets. The reason(s) for choosing a therapeutic diet seems to stay constant during the studied period. In contrast, a wide variety of reasons such as health, wellbeing, body weight, ethical, and ideological reasons, and the avoidance of some specific foods were given for the consumption of lifestyle‐related diets. Our study results correspond well to the increased prevalence of common illnesses in Finland. Data also reveal the properties of special diet consumption among adolescents in the long run, and this highlights the need to further educate Finnish adolescents on nutrition literacy.
Educating limited resource older adults for better choices to lower risk of food insecurity
Authors: Bird Carolyn L. , McClelland Jacquelyn W. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractUnited States (U.S.) national and North Carolina state data on older adult food insecurity in combination with associated poor nutrition‐related health outcomes point to a critical need for interventions to improve their food security. Nearly 8% of North Carolinians aged 60 and older and 11% of those aged 50–59 are food insecure, placing North Carolina in the top ten states in the U.S. for food insecurity for both age groups. Therefore, the Better Choices intervention was designed to educate limited‐income older adults in ways to manage their meager resources to purchase more and healthier foods. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the Better Choices intervention in improving the knowledge, attitude, and behavior of participants concerning their food money resource management. Older adults (n = 453) with ages ranging from 59 to over 90 years participated in 8 weeks of educational programming delivered by educators in 15 participating North Carolina counties. In a cross‐over program design participating counties were randomly assigned to two groups, to create a control for the food money resource management treatment. A three‐points‐in‐time survey supported longitudinal measurement. Independent samples t‐tests showed no significant differences between groups at baseline. Paired sample t‐test results show the intervention was effective with statistically significant improvement of participants' knowledge regarding preparing a healthy meal on a budget, beans as a low‐cost alternative to meat, and the use of unit pricing to compare products to identify the best value. Participant‐developed action plans reflected planned behavior change. Study results show this group of older adults were capable of and willing to adopt new behaviors for a healthier lifestyle. While not a representative sample, the broad applicability of adult learning and planned behavior theories underpinning the program lead us to conclude that the methods and theories applied in this intervention should be of use to educators and practitioners serving limited‐resource older adult populations.
Maternal pre‐pregnancy BMI downregulates neonatal cord bloodLEPmethylation
Authors: Kadakia R. , Zheng Y. , Zhang Z. , Zhang W. , Hou L. , Josefson J. L. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryBackgroundNeonatal adiposity has many determinants and may be a risk factor for future obesity. Epigenetic regulation of metabolically important genes is a potential contributor.ObjectivesThe objective of the study is to determine whether methylation changes in theLEPgene in cord blood DNA are impacted by the maternal environment or affect neonatal adiposity measures.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of 114 full‐term neonates born to healthy mothers with normal glucose tolerance was performed. Cord blood was assayed for leptin and genome‐wide DNA methylation profiles via the Illumina 450K platform. Neonatal body composition was measured by air displacement plethysmography. Multivariate linear regression models and semi‐partial correlation coefficients were used to analyze associations. False discovery rate was estimated to account for multiple comparisons.ResultsMaternal pre‐pregnancy BMI was associated with decreased methylation at five CpG sites near theLEPtranscription start site in an adjusted model (false discovery rate <0.022 for each site). The association between maternal BMI and cord blood leptin approached significance (r = 0.18,p = 0.054). Cord blood leptin was positively correlated with neonatal adiposity measures including birth weight (r = 0.45,p < 0.001), fat mass (r = 0.47,p < 0.001) and percent body fat (r = 0.44,p < 0.001).ConclusionsMaternal pre‐pregnancy BMI is strongly associated with decreased cord bloodLEPgene methylation and may mediate the well‐known association between maternal pre‐pregnancy BMI and neonatal adiposity.
Child labour measurement: Whom should we ask?
Authors: JANZEN Sarah A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractFunding decisions to support vulnerable children are tied to child labour statistics, hence the importance of an accurate measurement. The author analyses whether the type of respondent plays an important role in explaining variations in child labour statistics. Using data from two sites in Tanzania, the analysis shows that “whom we ask” matters considerably when estimating the prevalence of child labour. The results suggest that prevalence increases by approximately 35 to 65 per cent when using child self‐reports rather than proxy reports. This bias affects 14 to 31 per cent of the sample, depending on the indicator. Discrepancies decrease as the child ages and increase if proxy attitudes demonstrate opposition to child labour.
Nursing interventions for smoking cessation in hospitalized patients: a systematic review
Authors: Kazemzadeh Z. , Manzari Z.S. , Pouresmail Z. 
Published: December 2016

AimThis study aimed to clarify the role of nurses in planning and implementation of nursing interventions related to smoking cessation.Background and introductionNearly half of all smokers die from smoking‐related illnesses. Quitting smoking can reduce these problems. Smoking cessation interventions include various types helping smokers successfully quit. Studies suggest that hospitalization can be a golden opportunity for nurses helping patients to quit smoking because of No Smoking regulations.MethodA systematic review of the literature was carried through Web of Knowledge, ProQuest, Medscape, MedlinePlus, Ovid SID, Magiran, PubMed, and Science Direct databases between 1990–2015 on the subject of interest by keywords: role of nursing in smoking cessation, nursing intervention in smoking cessation, smoking cessation, smoking quitting and interventions planned by nurse.ResultNineteen papers were systematic examined, dealing with smoking cessation interventions by nurses. Totally, 17 studies used counselling for quitting smoking. Most studies involved other methods such as manuals, pamphlets, brochures training or printed educational materials, audio and video file. Some studies used nicotine replacement methods for patients such as nicotine skin tags, chewing nicotine or bupropion. Moreover, 17 studies were conducted by telephone at patients' follow‐up after hospital discharge.ConclusionNurses' interventions for smoking cessation play an important role in helping patients quit smoking successfully. There are a variety of interventions that nurses can employ according to the patient's condition and diagnosis of different diseases.Implication for nursing and health policyQuitting smoking can reduce lung cancers and other health problems. Nurses play an important role in helping patients to quit smoking.
Testing the influence of surfactant‐based wound dressings on proteinase activity
Authors: Jeong Sunyoung , Schultz Gregory S , Gibson Daniel J 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTProteinases are enzymes that can digest other proteins. In chronic wounds, a sub‐class of these enzymes with the ability to degrade the extracellular matrix (matrix metalloproteinases, MMPs) have been found to both inhibit healing and to be able to aid in enzymatically debriding a wound. Enzymatic debridement using the enzymes present in a wound is generally called autolytic debridement. Clinicians seeking to employ autolytic debridement typically use occlusive materials such as medical honey, alginate dressings and other occlusive dressings. A relatively new class of gel dressings comprised of surfactants are now available for clinical use. A variety of surfactants are used in the study of MMP biochemistry. Surfactants can deactivate MMPs or can enhance their activity, depending on the surfactant. In order to begin to understand how the MMPs found in chronic wounds would respond to these new dressings, we tested a serial dilution series of two of the currently available surfactant‐based dressings to determine their effects on four separate MMPs. The dose–response versus MMP activity of bacterial collagenase, host‐derived MMP‐8 and MMPs‐2 and ‐9 was assessed using a simple mix‐and‐read fluorescent peptide activity assay. The enzyme's native activity in the absence of the gel was used to compare against the surfactant‐treated samples. We found that the surfactant affected the proteinase activity differently for each enzyme. The activity of the bacterial collagenase was increased at low concentrations but slightly inhibited as the concentrations increased. The host MMP‐8 collagenase responded similarly in that it was inhibited at higher concentrations. Interestingly, both MMP gelatinases presented with substantially increased activities, with MMP‐2 increased to 200% of native activity, while MMP‐9 presented with an increase of 300% activity over the same concentration range. MMPs appear to respond to a surfactant‐based gel dressing differentially, with the MMP most commonly elevated in chronic wounds having the highest boost to activity. In wounds with elevated MMPs, our data suggest that the use of these surfactant‐based dressings would be expected to enhance the activity of MMPs 2 and 9 gelatinases while simultaneously inhibiting MMP‐8 collagenase. Hypothetically, this imbalanced effect would support a protection of the native dermal collagen and removal of denatured materials. However, the demonstration of these anticipated consequences is still being investigated.
Independent risk factors for the development of skin erosion due to incontinence (incontinence‐associated dermatitis category 2) in nursing home residents: results from a multivariate binary regression analysis
Authors: Van Damme Nele , Van den Bussche Karen , De Meyer Dorien , Van Hecke Ann , Verhaeghe Sofie , Beeckman Dimitri 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to identify characteristics independently associated with a higher risk of developing skin damage because of incontinence [incontinence‐associated dermatitis (IAD) category 2] in nursing home residents. As part of a larger randomised controlled trial, IAD incidence was monitored for 1 month in a sample of 381 incontinent residents using a validated IAD Severity Categorisation Tool. Data on demographical, physical, functional and psychological characteristics were collected. The overall IAD incidence (category 1–2) was 30·0%, and 6% of the participants developed skin damage (IAD category 2). Residents who developed IAD category 2 were less mobile [odds ratio (OR) 2·72, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·06–6·94], had more friction and shear issues (OR 2·54; 95% CI 1·02–6·33) and had more erythema due to incontinence (OR 3·02; 95% CI 1·04–8·73) before IAD category 2 occurrence. Care providers should give full attention to risk factors to both detect residents at risk for IAD development and to start prevention in time.
Heterosis in hybrids within and between yeast species
Authors: Bernardes J. P. , Stelkens R. B. , Greig D. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe performance of hybrids relative to their parents is an important factor in speciation research. We measured the growth of 46 Saccharomyces yeast F1 interspecific and intraspecific hybrids, relative to the growth of each of their parents, in pairwise competition assays. We found that the growth of a hybrid relative to the average of its parents, a measure of mid‐parent heterosis, correlated with the difference in parental growth relative to their hybrid, a measure of phenotypic divergence, which is consistent with simple complementation of low fitness alleles in one parent by high fitness alleles in the other. Interspecific hybrids showed stronger heterosis than intraspecific hybrids. To manipulate parental phenotypic divergence independently of genotype, we also measured the competitive growth of a single interspecific hybrid relative to its parents in 12 different environments. In these assays, we not only identified a strong relationship between parental phenotypic divergence and mid‐parent heterosis as before, but, more tentatively, a weak relationship between phenotypic divergence and best‐parent heterosis, suggesting that complementation of deleterious mutations was not the sole cause of interspecific heterosis. Our results show that mating between different species can be beneficial, and demonstrate that competition assays between parents and offspring are a useful way to study the evolutionary consequences of hybridization.
An In Vitro Evaluation of Human Enamel Surfaces Subjected to Erosive Challenge After Bleaching
Authors: de Fátima Carvalho Vasconcelos Maria , Fonseca‐Gonçalves Andréa , de França adílis Kalina Alexandria , de Medeiros Urubatan Vieira , Maia Lucianne Cople , Queiroz Celso Silva 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate whether tooth enamel bleached with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is more susceptible to erosion when compared with unbleached tooth enamel; and whether the presence of calcium (Ca) in the bleaching gel influenced this process.Materials and MethodsEnamel blocks were prepared from human molars, and submitted to surface microhardness analysis (baseline). Blocks were prepared and randomly divided into four treatment groups (n = 20): G1 and G2—bleached with 7.5% H2O2, with and without Ca, respectively; G3 and G4—bleached with 35% H2O2, with and without Ca, respectively. After bleaching, these groups were submitted to an erosive challenge with 1% citric acid. G5 and G6 (n = 20, each) were the negative (without bleaching) and positive controls (without bleaching, but with erosion), respectively. The percentage of surface hardness loss (%SHL), the 3D non‐contact profilometry and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyses were performed.ResultsG2 showed the highest %SHL after bleaching. G1 presented the lowest %SHL in comparison with G2, G3, G4, and G6 after erosion (p < 0.05), which was confirmed only by the SEM analysis.ConclusionIt is suggested that low concentration of H2O2 with calcium can be recommended for at‐home bleaching agents, which may avoid the mineral loss of bleached enamel after an erosive challenge.Clinical SignificanceLow concentration of H202 with calcium can be recommended for at‐home bleaching agents, which may avoid the mineral loss of bleached enamel after an erosive challenge. (J Esthet Restor Dent 29:128–136, 2017)
Association Between Confidence in Smiling and Esthetic Characteristics
Authors: Muniz Francisco Wilker Mustafa Gomes , Cavalcante Denise Juaçaba , Moreira Maria Mônica Studart Mendes , Rodrigues Lidiany Karla Azevedo , de Oliveira Fernandes Carlos Augusto , de Almeida Paulo César , de Sousa Carvalho Rosimary 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze which facial, gingival and dental characteristics are associated with confidence in smiling among 75 subjects seeking treatment in a northern Brazilian public dental university.Materials and MethodsClinical examinations and three standardized photographs of each subject were taken by one trained examiner. In addition, a questionnaire was applied to assess confidence in smiling. The subjects were dichotomized into two groups, non‐confident (n = 36) and confident (n = 39) in smiling. Chi‐square/Fischer exact test were used to associate the facial, gingival and dental characteristics between groups.ResultsThe subjects that reported to be non‐confident in smiling were statistically associated with smile type (p = 0.030) and wrongly positioned teeth (p = 0.047). On the other hand, gender (p = 0.491), marital status (p = 0.217), gum pigmentation (p = 0.930), midline (p = 0.176), volume of the upper (p = 0.380), and lower (p = 0.615) lips were not associated with self‐reported confidence in smiling.ConclusionIn patients seeking dental treatment in a public dental university, non‐confidence in smiling was associated only with some oral and intraoral characteristics and not with demographic characteristics.Clinical SignificanceThis study showed that only smile type and wrongly positioned teeth were statistically associated with confidence in smiling. Dentists should pay attention to those intraoral characteristics, but the clinical decision making should always include the patients' perception. (J Esthet Restor Dent 29:E56–E66, 2017)
Micro‐CT versus synchrotron radiation phase contrast imaging of human cochlea
Authors: ELFARNAWANY M. , ALAM S. RIYAHI , ROHANI S.A. , ZHU N. , AGRAWAL S.K. , LADAK H.M. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryHigh‐resolution images of the cochlea are used to develop atlases to extract anatomical features from low‐resolution clinical computed tomography (CT) images. We compare visualization and contrast of conventional absorption‐based micro‐CT to synchrotron radiation phase contrast imaging (SR‐PCI) images of whole unstained, nondecalcified human cochleae. Three cadaveric cochleae were imaged using SR‐PCI and micro‐CT. Images were visually compared and contrast‐to‐noise ratios (CNRs) were computed from n = 27 regions‐of‐interest (enclosing soft tissue) for quantitative comparisons. Three‐dimensional (3D) models of cochlear internal structures were constructed from SR‐PCI images using a semiautomatic segmentation method. SR‐PCI images provided superior visualization of soft tissue microstructures over conventional micro‐CT images. CNR improved from 7.5 ± 2.5 in micro‐CT images to 18.0 ± 4.3 in SR‐PCI images (p < 0.0001). The semiautomatic segmentations yielded accurate reconstructions of 3D models of the intracochlear anatomy. The improved visualization, contrast and modelling achieved using SR‐PCI images are very promising for developing atlas‐based segmentation methods for postoperative evaluation of cochlear implant surgery.
Modulation of diet‐induced mechanical allodynia by metabolic parameters and inflammation
Authors: Cooper Michael A. , Ryals Janelle M. , Wu Pau‐Yen , Wright Kellen D. , Walter Katherine R. , Wright Douglas E. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDietary‐associated diseases have increased tremendously in our current population, yet key molecular changes associated with high‐fat diets that cause clinical pre‐diabetes, obesity, hyperglycemia, and peripheral neuropathy remain unclear. This study examines molecular and metabolic aspects altered by voluntary exercise and a high‐fat diet in the mouse dorsal root ganglion. Mice were examined for changes in mRNA and proteins encoding anti‐inflammatory mediators, metabolic‐associated molecules, and pain‐associated ion channels. Proteins involved in the synaptosomal complex and pain‐associated TRP ion channels decrease in the dorsal root ganglion of high‐fat exercise animals relative to their sedentary controls. Exercise reversed high‐fat diet induced mechanical allodynia without affecting weight gain, elevated blood glucose, and utilization of fat as a fuel source. Independent of weight or fat mass changes, high‐fat exercised mice display reduced inflammation‐associated mRNAs. The benefits of exercise on abnormal peripheral nerve function appear to occur independent of systemic metabolic changes, suggesting that the utilization of fats and inflammation in the peripheral nervous system may be key for diet‐induced peripheral nerve dysfunction and the response to exercise.
Exploratory analysis of textual data from the Mother and Child Handbook using a text mining method (II): Monthly changes in the words recorded by mothers
Authors: Tagawa Miki , Matsuda Yoshio , Manaka Tomoko , Kobayashi Makiko , Ohwada Michitaka , Matsubara Shigeki 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to examine the possibility of converting subjective textual data written in the free column space of the Mother and Child Handbook (MCH) into objective information using text mining and to compare any monthly changes in the words written by the mothers.MethodsPregnant women without complications (n = 60) were divided into two groups according to State–Trait Anxiety Inventory grade: low trait anxiety (group I, n = 39) and high trait anxiety (group II, n = 21). Exploratory analysis of the textual data from the MCH was conducted by text mining using the Word Miner software program. Using 1203 structural elements extracted after processing, a comparison of monthly changes in the words used in the mothers' comments was made between the two groups. The data was mainly analyzed by a correspondence analysis.ResultsThe structural elements in groups I and II were divided into seven and six clusters, respectively, by cluster analysis. Correspondence analysis revealed clear monthly changes in the words used in the mothers' comments as the pregnancy progressed in group I, whereas the association was not clear in group II.ConclusionThe text mining method was useful for exploratory analysis of the textual data obtained from pregnant women, and the monthly change in the words used in the mothers' comments as pregnancy progressed differed according to their degree of unease.