bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiological Characteristics of the Interlaminar Foramen in Patients with Herniated Lumbar Disc: Implications for Interlaminar Lumbar Endoscopic Discectomy
Authors: Thanh Vo Van , Tien Nguyen Le Bao , Thanh Dao Xuan , Tu Ngo Thanh , Luc Nguyen Viet , Phong Pham Hong , Long Nguyen Vu Cong Bao , Dung Le Thanh , Son Dinh Ngoc , Long Nguyen Hoang , Cuong Vu Van , Hung Do Manh , Thach Nguyen Van , Nghia Nguyen Duc , Thuong Le Manh , Loc Tran Quang 
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives:
While interlaminar endoscopic discectomy has gained prominence as an effective treatment for lumbar disc herniation, there remains a paucity of research investigating the correlation between the radiological features of the interlaminar window and the intra-operative indications and techniques. This study aims to delineate several indices of a patient’s radiological characteristics of the interlaminar window and their corresponding relationships.

Subjects and Methods:
We measured parameters of interlaminar foramen using optimized coronal oblique projection computed tomography images. Measurements were conducted at the L2, L3, L4, and L5 levels.

Results:
As we descended from the L2-3 to the L5-S1 levels, we observed that the transverse interlaminar diameter increased from 14.04 ± 2.24 mm to 24.82 ± 3.41 mm. The superior angles of the interlaminar windows increased from 46.96° ± 11.30° to 97.53° ± 17.94°. The interlaminar height declined from 9.43 ± 1.95 mm to 8.79 ± 2.38 mm, while the interpedicular distance expanded from 18.30 ± 3.18 mm to 29.36 ± 3.22 mm.

Conclusions:
The morphology of the interlaminar windows transitions from a vertically elongated shape to a horizontally flattened form as we move downward along the spine. This transformation should be taken into consideration during the intraoperative planning and execution of interlaminar endoscopic discectomy procedures.
Prevention of Neuronal Damage in Brains of Chronic Stress-induced Male Wistar Rats Administering Centella asiatica (L) Urban
Authors: Jagadeesan Saravanan , Gopalakrishna Prarthana Kalerammana , Sura Sreenivasulu , Karikalan Barani , Dandala Krishna Chaitanya Reddy , Ravindranadh Gandrakota , Moklas Mohamad Aris Mohd , Vishnumukkala Thirupathirao 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
Physiological and psychological response of an organism to repetitive stimulus leads to chronic stress which results in depression. This affects the neuro-endocrine axis causing hypersecretion of glucocorticoids which damages the hippocampal neurons in brain through oxidative stress. The body responds by producing Catalase (CAT) an antioxidant found on peroxisomes, which splits the hydrogen peroxide produced by oxidative stress into water and oxygen which are nontoxic, thus offering a protective effect. The synaptic function of the hippocampal neurons is dependent on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and oxidative stress affects the levels of AChE. The available anti-depressants have the late onset of action and increased toxicity. Centella asiatica (CA), an herb with neuroprotective properties, is known as neuro-tonic and has less toxicity and has been used in ancient traditional medicines. This study aims to examine the neuroprotective effects of crude extract of CA on hippocampal neurons using Nissls stain and levels of AChE and expression of mRNA CAT in the brain tissues of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced male Wistar rats.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty-six Male Wistar rats aged 8–10 weeks were held in six groups. One group assigned as control, whereas the other groups were administered CUMS by various stressors, namely restrain, forced swimming in cold water, overnight food and water deprivation, wet bedding, cage tilt at 45°, tail pinching, overcrowding the cages, and change of cage mates randomly for a period of 64 days. One of the stress-induced groups was retained as model group and others were administered crude extracts of CA at the doses of 200, 400, 800, and fluoxetine (Flx) 10 mg/kg body weight. At the end of 64 days, the rats were euthanized and the brain tissue was collected for Nissls staining of the hippocampus, measure levels of AChE using ELISA and expression of mRNA CAT levels using RT-PCR.

Results:
The rats of the model group exhibited reduced number of viable neurons in the hippocampus as observed in Nissls stain, reduced levels of AChE, and reduced expression of mRNA CAT in the brain tissue while the rat groups receiving CA showed increase in the number of viable neurons, increase in level of AChE, and increase in the expression of mRNA CAT in the brain tissues. The results were comparable to that of Flx.

Conclusion:
CA effectively attenuates CUMS-induced neuronal loss in the hippocampus of the rat’s brain, normalizes AChE levels, and also the expression of mRNA CAT antioxidant levels. CA could be used in the long-term prevention of chronic stress-induced depression.
Postoperative Delirium in Adult Patients Undergoing Surgery: A Prospective Observational Study in a Peripheral Hospital in the Southern Region of India
Authors: Karan Basavaraj , Ravi Parli Raghavan (Retd) 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Delirium is one of the most deleterious complications in the postoperative period. The incidence of it in the Indian rural population undergoing surgery is not well studied.

Materials and Methods:
Eight hundred and fifteen patients coming for surgery in a peripheral Indian hospital in the southern part of the country were taken up for an observational study. All patients who had a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of above 25 were taken into the study, postoperatively confusion assessment method was used to assess the delirium. Patients were followed up for 7 days. Various modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors were studied using SPSS (version 26.0) for statistical analysis.

Results:
Six out of 815 (0.73%) patients had postoperative delirium (POD). The average age of the population was 43 ± 12.61. All six patients were above the age of 60 years. POD was found statistically significant with higher grades of the American Society of Anaesthesiologists, long duration of surgery and anesthesia, more fluid transfusion and blood loss, and sevoflurane in comparison to desflurane.

Conclusion:
Preoperative screening with MMSE and reducing the modifiable risk factors can be used to strategize providing anesthesia care for the surgical population. The risk factors are almost the same in the rural population in comparison to the known risk factors for the development of POD.
Exploring the Uncommon: A Series on Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans with Rare Locations, Unusual Sites of Metastasis, and Their Close Mimics
Authors: Goyal Neeti , Singh Shamresh , Sharma Pragya , Mishra Prabha Shankar , Kapoor Umesh , Singhal Paresh , Singh Sankalp , Singh Navdeep , Singh Vikram , Sharma Dushyant 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is an uncommon, slowly growing soft-tissue tumor that involves the dermis, subcutaneous fat and very rarely involves, muscle and deep fascia. It is locally aggressive and an intermediate-grade fibroblastic neoplasm that rarely metastasizes. It is important to know about this entity as it is locally aggressive and has a higher rate of transformation into fibrosarcoma which has an aggressive growth pattern and frequently metastasizes. Apart from this, there are diagnostic challenges, especially in small biopsies, where they resemble other spindle cell neoplasms. This article reviews the clinical and histological features of DFSP as well as possible pitfalls in their diagnosis and how to resolve them. Diagnosed cases of DFSP were retrieved from pathology archives. Their locations and histopathological features along with Immunohistochemistry (IHC) features were reviewed. Our study identified 26 cases of DFSP for 5 years from January 2019 to January 2024 in a tertiary care hospital. The age of study subjects was in the range of 11–70 years. Male:female ratio was 1.30:1. The most common site was shoulder (n = 5). Immunohistochemistry (HC) was performed in cases with diagnostic dilemmas and cases of high-grade transformation. The aim of this study was to perform a retrospective analysis of histopathological features of DFSP to distinguish it from other mimics and emphasize its local aggressiveness, reoccurrence, and rare site of metastasis, especially in cases with fibrosarcomatous transformation. The careful histomorphological examination particularly in smaller biopsies can be challenging, especially in peripheral laboratories and in resource-limited settings.
A Descriptive Study to Determine Prescription Compliance of Dispensary in a Polyclinic Outpatient Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Kumar M. Vinodh , Sahran Deepti , Yadav Sanjay , Bhatti Archana , Garg Neeraj , Jithesh V. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
The nonavailability of medicines is a multifactorial problem in India, and several factors contribute to it. The nonavailability of medicines in public health facilities has severe consequences for the health and well-being of the population, particularly the poor and marginalized communities. Patients who rely on public health facilities are often unable to afford the high cost of drugs in private pharmacies and must turn to government-run facilities for their medical needs. When medicines are not available in these facilities, patients are forced to either go without treatment or seek treatment from unlicensed providers. This study aimed to determine prescription compliance of a dispensary in a polyclinic outpatient department (OPD) of a tertiary care hospital.

Materials and Methods:
The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Data collection spanned over 3 months, involving 1660 prescription slips of patients and from various records and documents of the facility. Data were analyzed in MS Excel and descriptive statistics were computed.

Results:
The study was conducted at the OPD of a tertiary care hospital from December 1, 2022, to February 28, 2023. Prescription compliance, assessed over the 3 months, reflects the availability of prescribed medications at the dispensary throughout the research duration. The findings revealed a combination of full compliance at 58.33% and partial compliance at 41.67%. A full compliance rate of 58.33% means that about 58.33% of all prescribed medications were fully available, meeting the requirement for complete compliance. On the other hand, a partial compliance rate of 41.67% shows that approximately 41.67% of prescribed medications were only partly available, showing partial compliance. This information highlights the different levels of medication availability seen in the health-care facility during the study time.

Conclusion:
The assessment identifies major hurdles impeding the availability of drugs in health-care institutions, including inadequate forecasting, insufficient ordering practices, and absence of audit mechanisms through review of records. Possible solutions involve establishing uniform protocols for procurement and distribution, educating staff on inventory control, and integrating IT-driven supply chains. Essential infrastructure upgrades and workforce development are imperative for lasting enhancements in drug accessibility, pivotal for realizing universal health coverage in India.
Why You Should Attend the Rural Health Conference: A Unique Opportunity for Learning and Collaboration
Authors: Kumar Pratyush 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Rural health care faces a distinct set of challenges compared to urban areas. Attending a rural health conference can provide invaluable resources and connections to tackle these specific issues and improve the health of rural communities. While limitations exist, the valuable knowledge, connections, and inspiration gained at a rural health conference can significantly benefit your career and the health outcomes of your community. Explore cost-saving strategies, seek support from your employer, and prioritize attending conferences that align with your professional goals.
Assessment of Right Ventricular Functions in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis by Tissue Doppler Imaging and 2D Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography
Authors: Sahib Hussein Faiz , Al-Mamoori Ali Jaber , Saeed Hassanain M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Advanced echocardiographic techniques play a crucial role in evaluating right ventricular function and providing valuable information for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-related cardiovascular complications.

Objectives:
To investigate early signs of right ventricle dysfunction in patients with RA using tissue Doppler imaging and two- dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (GLS).

Materials and Methods:
This case–control study examined cardiac changes in 50 RA patients compared to 50 healthy controls. Echocardiography and anthropometric measurements were used to assess ejection fraction, ventricle systolic and diastolic function, and myocardial strain.

Results:
The study examined socio-demographic characteristics and echocardiographic parameters in RA patients (N = 50) compared to controls. RA patients had a mean age of 48.28 ± 11.06 years, with 74.0% females. No significant differences in age, BMI, and body surface area between RA patients and controls. There were no significant mean differences between the two study groups according to ejection fraction. There is a significant difference in right ventricular systolic function (TAPSE, S^ velocity, and MPI) observed in RA patients. There is a significant difference in right ventricular diastolic function (E/A ratio, IVRT) observed in RA patients. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) was also significantly reduced. The treatment strategy (single vs. combination therapy) did not significantly affect echocardiographic parameters. The findings emphasize the importance of monitoring cardiac health in RA patients. RA patients show cardiac function alterations, particularly in right ventricular systolic function (TAPSE, S^, and MPI), right ventricular diastolic function (E/A ratio, IVRT), and global function (GLS).

Conclusion:
Monitoring cardiovascular health in RA patients is crucial. Treatment regimens (combination or monotherapy) did not significantly affect the measured echocardiographic parameters.
Estimation of IL-8 and TNF-α Levels in Pediatric Diarrhea Patients Infected with Enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7
Authors: AL-Isawi Safaa A. , Alsultany Shaimaa Jassim 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Verotoxins are bacterial virulence factors produced by E. coli O157:H7, transmitted by the fecal-oral route.

Objectives:
The aim of this article was to diagnose E. coli O157:H7 which causes diarrhea and sometimes develops into HUS, which considers pig health problems and estimates the levels of interleukin (IL)-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the sera of pediatric patients infected with Enterohemorrhagic E. coli compared to the control group.

Materials and Methods:
Stool and blood samples were collected from 421 pediatric patients with diarrhea, ranging in age from birth to 13 years old, from March to October 2022. Samples were collected from Al Noor Teaching Hospital, Babylon Hospital for Pediatric and Gynecology, Hilla, Iraq. E. coli O157:H7 was cultured on eosin methylene blue (EMB) and Sorbitol MacConkey agar (SMA), confirmed by biochemical test and cultured on HiCrome E. coli O157:H7 selective medium which was an agar base supplemented with cefixime tellurite agar. Serum from 30 pediatric diarrhea patients infected with E. coli O157:H7 compared with 30 healthy children as control group used to determine serum levels of IL-8 and TNF-α by sandwich ELISA.

Results:
The results revealed that out of the total 421 samples used in this study, E. coli O157H:7, represented 7% (30 of 421) stool samples. This 30serum samples of infected children as well as 30 samples from healthy children subjected to the estimate serum level of IL-8 and TNF-α which record significant differences P ≤ 0.01 and P ≤ 0.05 to this cytokines in different age group; the mean of IL-8 level was 283.62 ± 17.8 pg/mL (7–9 years), and the mean of TNF-α was 208.62 ± 28.7 pg/mL (10–13 years) comparative with the control group of 80.58 ± 15.4pg/mL and 32.50 ± 7.5 pg/mL, respectively, and also result showed an increased mean level of IL-8 than TNF-α in the male comparative with female 195.19 ± 10.4 pg/mL and 159.05 ± 12.4 pg/mL, respectively, comparative with the control group. The result showed no significant differences in IL-8 and TNF-α between watery diarrhea (192.43 ± 24.3 pg/mL and 136.05 ± 20.4 pg/mL) and bloody diarrhea (189.02 ± 22.5 pg/mL and 123.80 ± 13.5 pg/mL), and also result showed significant increase of mean sera level of IL-8 than TNF-α in formula feeding children comparative with breastfeeding children (187.87 ± 19.5 pg/mL and 119.93 ± 17.4 pg/mL, respectively).

Conclusion:
The finding of this study suggested that increased levels of IL-8 and TNF-α are present in all age groups, in male comparative with female, and also in pediatric diarrhea feeding by formula than breastfeeding and no differences of this cytokine according to consistency of diarrhea. These results contribute to using the immune profile as a serological marker for diagnosing diarrhea caused by E. coli O157:H7 in comparison with the control group.
Physiological and Histological Effects of Flaxseed Oil on the Liver and Heart Muscle
Authors: Alaubody Nehaya M. T. , Al-Mousawi Zainab A. H. , Abdulwahid Ahmed Badr , Khudair Zainab Waheed 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Flaxseeds are the focus of medical nutrition due to their potential benefits for human health. Flaxseed oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids and has many biological effects.

Objective:
This study aimed to assess the effects of flaxseed oil on lipid profile, liver, and heart.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred mice were randomly divided into 10 groups: 10 mice for each group (either male or female). Ten males and 10 females served as control groups, group 1 received flaxseed oil orally (60 mg/kg body weight/day). Twenty of them (10 of each gender) were treated for 1 week and another 20 mice (10 of each gender) were treated for 2 weeks. In the same way, group 2 was divided and treated with 120 mg/kg/day. Measurements of serum lipid profile, serum lactate dehydrogenase, serum total protein, and albumin were performed along with histological examination of the liver and heart.

Results:
The comparative data showed that there were statistically significant decreases in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), serum albumin, and total protein levels. There were also statistically significant increases in levels of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and lactate dehydrogenase enzyme. Histological examination revealed striking histological changes in the liver and heart.

Conclusion:
Consumption of flaxseed oil reduced total cholesterol and LDL levels and increased the levels of VLDL, triglycerides, HDL, and lactate dehydrogenase enzyme. Flaxseed oil in high doses causes damage to the liver and heart muscle.
Estimation of Programed Death Ligand_1 Concentrations in Serum and Tissue Among Iraqi Breast Diseases
Authors: Huadi Noor AL_huda Razakh , Abd Frial G. , Mohsen Liqaa Y. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
A programed death ligand L1 is the particular PD-1 ligand that is primarily found in lymphoid, epithelial, and myeloid cells. In order to activate the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, which suppresses the production of cytokines and controls immune function, PD-1 must bind to PD-L1.

Objectives:
Estimating the concentration of PDL_1 in serum and breast tissue of patients with breast tumors.

Materials and Methods:
Case–control study included 100 women (17–60 years old) undergoing breast surgery at Babylon Province’s Al-Hilla Teaching Hospital and Al-Fayhaa Al Ahly Hospital provided blood and breast tissue samples. Hospital histology lab performed histological confirmation of breast diseases, including benign and malignant tumors. Twenty blood samples were taken as controls from women and men who appeared to be in good health. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine PDL_1 in both patient and control serum and in the cell supernatant from the patient’s breast tissues.

Results:
The mean level of PDL_1 in serum of patient was 549.37 ng/L while control was 594.22 ng/L with found significant differences where P value was 0.05. While tissue of patients was 464.97 ng/L. The results appeared concentrations of PDL-L1 were significantly higher in serum compared with tissues at P ≥ 0.05. The results found no significantly differences in concentrations of PDL_1 among types of diseases in sera of patients except in fat necrosis patients. Perhaps as a result of our small sample size, the difference in PD-L1 expression between the various subtypes was not statistically significant.

Conclusion:
This study found concentration of PDL-1 decreased with primary breast diseases and it might be diagnostic marker.
The Impact of Sitagliptin on Sodium Valproate-Induced Autism in a Mouse Model
Authors: Abbas Ahmed Sudan , Selman Selman Mohammed , Mahrath Alaa Jafear 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental disease, is described by problems with social interaction and communication that arise at an early age. The only approved drugs for the treatment of ASD are risperidone and aripiprazole.

Objectives:
The aim of the article is to explore the potential therapeutic effects of sitagliptin on the induced offspring model of autism. Also, to evaluate the effect of sitagliptin on interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α).

Materials and Methods:
We induced the disorder in mice by injecting pregnant mice with sodium valproate (600 mg/kg). Prenatal sodium valproate–exposed mice were split into four different groups, with two experimental groups taking sitagliptin (10 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg) and risperidone (1 mg/kg), and a control group receiving normal saline. Behavioral tests, including social interaction assessments were divided into three phases: habituation, familiarization, and testing, and lasted for 15 min, were conducted on postnatal day 65; also, anti-inflammatory marker assessments like TNF-α and IL-6 were conducted on postnatal day 66.

Results:
The study found that sitagliptin significantly improved behavioral disorders (social communication) and reduced neuro-inflammation in the brain. Sitagliptin therapy forcefully enhanced the cognitive function of ASD mice by regulating neurogenesis that could be connected with the powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions that sitagliptin possesses.

Conclusion:
Sitagliptin showed potent anxiolytic and anti-inflammatory properties that improved behavioral activities in the mice. These findings suggest that sitagliptin could be promising a potential treatment option for individuals with ASD.