bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Cekaman Aluminium terhadap Kandungan Asam Organik dalam Kalus dan Pinak Tomat (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
Authors: Enggarini Wening , Marwani Erly 
Published: February 2017

<p class="p1">The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effects of Al stress on citric, malic and oxalic acid content of <em>L. esculentum </em>cv. Intan callus and plantlet, also aluminum content of <em>L. esculentum </em>plantlet. Callus was induced from cotyledone of <em>L. </em><em>esculentum </em>on Murashige &amp; Skoog (MS) media containing 10<span class="s1">-7 </span>M NAA and 10<span class="s1">-6 </span>kinetin. The callus was then transferred step wisely at 3 weeks interval to media containing 220, 275, 330, 385, 440, 550, 825, and 1100 μM AlCl<span class="s1">3</span>. The callus cultures on the control media and media with the addition of 550 μM AlCl<span class="s1">3 </span>were able to regenerate and produce shoots after 8 passages of subculture. The shoots from media with the addition of 550 μM AlCl<span class="s1">3 </span>were transferred into the media with addition of 825 μM AlCl<span class="s1">3</span>, then to the media with 1100 μM AlCl<span class="s1">3</span>. The High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that Al stress callus and plantlets contained malic acid, but no citric and oxalic acid. The content of malic acid in callus decreased with increasing AlCl<span class="s1">3 </span>concentration from 0 to 385 μM. On the other hand, the content of malic acid in callus increased with increasing AlCl<span class="s1">3 </span>concentration from 440 μM to 1100 μM. Similarly, the content of malic acid in root increased with increasing concentration of AlCl<span class="s1">3 </span>from 550 μM to 1100 μM. The result of Neutron Activation Analysis showed that Al content in root decreased as the amount of AlCl<span class="s1">3 </span>increased in the media. These results suggested that <em>L. esculentum </em>callus and plantlet respond to the Al stress by producing higher amount of malic acid.</p>
Nodulation and Growth of a Supernodulating Soybean Mutant SS2-2 Symbiotically Associated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum
Authors: Lestari Puji , Van Kyujung , Kim Moon Young , Lee Suk-Ha 
Published: February 2017

<p class="p1">Mutan kedelai penghasil nodulsuper menunjukkan kelemahan dalam kontrol autoregulasi pada nodulasi dan perbedaan fenotip dibandingkan dengan tipe liarnya. Studi untuk mengevaluasi karakter pertumbuhan dan nodulasi dari kedelai penghasil nodulsuper dalam asosiasinya dengan <em>Bradyrhizobium japonicum </em>dilakukan dalam penelitian ini. Tiga genotip kedelai, yaitu mutan kedelai penghasil nodulsuper SS2-2, tipe liarnya Sinpaldalkong 2 dan kedelai kontrol Jangyeobkong diinokulasi dengan <em>B. japonicum </em>USDA 110, kemudian ditumbuhkan di rumah kaca dalam kondisi terkontrol. Karakter nodulasi, fiksasi nitrogen (Acetylene Reduction Activity/ARA), pertumbuhan tanaman, dan hasil biji ditentukan untuk mengevaluasi asosiasi simbiotik antara <em>B. japonicum </em>dan kedelai nodulsuper. Kedelai yang diinokulasi dengan <em>B. </em><em>japonicum </em>menunjukkan peningkatan jumlah dan berat kering nodul serta berat kering total tanaman dibandingkan dengan tanpa inokulasi. Tanaman SS2-2 yang diinokulasi menunjukkan jumlah nodul sekitar 20 kali lipat lebih tinggi daripada tipe liarnya. Inokulasi <em>B. japonicum </em>ternyata juga meningkatkan fiksasi nitrogen seiring dengan perkembangan nodul. Tanaman S2-2 lebih pendek dan menghasilkan fiksasi nitrogen (ARA) lebih tinggi, tetapi spesifik ARA dan hasil biji lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan tipe liarnya. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi terhadap nodulasi dan pertumbuhannya, interaksi <em>Rhizobium </em>dan kedelai penghasil nodulsuper SS2-2 mempunyai respon asosiasi simbiotik lebih rendah dibandingkan kedelai penghasil nodul normal (kedelai yang tidak mendapat perlakuan mutasi).</p>
Precision Packer Mandrel Cuts Using Electromechanical Pipe Cutting Technology
Authors: Gasmi K. , Ransonet G. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Deepwater production installations are increasingly more complex and present many new challenges. These completions are often engineered to incorporate a "cut to release" retrievable packer, enabling simultaneous recovery of the production installation items and the packer. The operational requirements to precisely and successfully cut the packer's release mandrel often limit the use of traditional mandrel cutting techniques. Advancements in electromechanical pipe cutting technology address the need for a precise, successful cut of the packer mandrel. As a result, downtime, risk and overall intervention cost are minimized. This paper discusses the electromechanical technology's ability to perform mandrel cuts in a variety of conditions and environments. The paper includes a case history to illustrate its operating capabilities and how operators are now incorporating this advanced technology into the engineering of future completions.
Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Cyclic Strains in Coiled Tubing Surface Defects for Fatigue Life Assessment
Authors: Ishak Joanne , Santos Murilo A. , Tipton Steven M. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
A defect in the surface of coiled tubing (CT) can have expensive ramifications. The defect may lead to failure in a few bending cycles and research is underway to study the influence of defects on CT fatigue strength. Existing semiempirical models are based on measured flaw dimensions and fatigue lives measured experimentally. Although the dimensions and overall flaw geometry are "known," an important feature of the flaw that has not been used is the radius of curvature at the notch root. The notch root radius is a measure of the "sharpness" of a flaw. Although empirical models assess the shape of a notch indirectly, they do not incorporate a direct measurement of the notch root radius. Since technology is emerging that is capable of measuring notch root radii, a method is needed to assess its influence on fatigue.
To assess the effect of flaw geometry, Finite Element Analysis (FEA) can be used, with sophisticated kinematic hardening rules to model the cyclic strain behavior of the material at the notch root, and reveal its dynamic behavior. However, obtaining the experimental data necessary to validate the predictions is difficult. The measurement of cyclic strains at the roots of physically small defects in CT has never been attempted due to the small size of the flaws, and limited access to them in CT fatigue testing machines. Therefore, specialized defect geometry was developed for this study specifically to accommodate the placement of small strain gages in the notch root.
Computationally intensive FEA modeling and strain gage measurements were conducted on defect-free tubing, to establish baseline tubing behavior, then repeated with the notch geometry. Strain gages had to be replaced every cycle of loading due to the large strain ranges. The tedious gage installation procedure resulted in repeatable measurements of notch root cyclic strains, and good agreement with FEA predictions was achieved.
Some additional FEA results are presented with increasingly sharper notches. Estimates from conventional notch strain analysis techniques based on the elastic stress concentration factor and elastoplastic material properties were compared to the FEA results and a modified approach was identified that agreed well over the range of geometries examined in this study.
Mega Reach Case Study, Saudi Arabia; The Application of Fluidic Oscillation Vibratory Tools in Tackling a Challenging Coiled Tubing Well Intervention
Authors: Duthie Laurie , Namlah Sultan , Abdulghani Ahmed , Elsherif Tamer 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Every year, the complexity of horizontal wells grows, and matrix stimulation of these wells is key for maintaining production levels and improving the draw-down from producing formations. In the subject field, many wells are drilled as mega-reach with measured total depths up to 33,000 ft. The mega-reach represents a significant challenge for coiled tubing to reach the total depth (TD) and perform well interventions such as stimulation and logging. Coiled tubing (CT) may lock up before TD, and it can be challenging to understand the root cause. One difficulty is differentiating between lockups due to the well conditions and bottom-hole assembly (BHA) malfunctions.
Electric submersible pump (ESP) completions contain bypass assemblies that impose an additional challenge introducing a restriction in tubing internal diameters. The restriction is less than 2.50" in the completion, increasing to 8-1/2" for the open hole, extending for at least 5,000 ft laterally in the producing formation. With the large variation in internal diameter (ID), the hydraulic tractor option is excluded from the mega-reach aid list, though it has proven reliable in extending the reach of CT for 6-1/8" openhole sizes in the same field. Therefore, the challenge here is to derive the maximum output possible from fluidic oscillation vibratory tools to achieve forces close enough to tractor forces and ultimately accomplishing the intervention objective.
A combination of mechanical and chemical solutions was the designated approach to tackle the challenge. After reviewing all the possible solutions, tractors were excluded due to the extreme expansion ratio needed resulting in lower pulling forces. A fluidic oscillation tool inducing axial vibration of an absolute magnitude exceeding 1,600 lbf was yard tested and deployed as a solution in combination with a selection of friction and drag reducers.
This paper will illustrate the reach challenges, analysis performed, and show how we could utilize the latest developments in fluidic oscillation vibratory tools. It will also include downhole real-time data acquisition assisting the understanding of lockup occurrence, as well as quantifying the improvements in the pre-job tubing force model simulation.
Dynamic Event Modeling: A Critical Aspect for Successful Deployment of Coiled Tubing Perforating Operations
Authors: Gilliat Jim , Satti Rajani , Hillis Parry , McClean Charlie 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
It is widely acknowledged that complex well completions involving highly deviated, extended-reach horizontal applications often direct the operator to choose coiled tubing as the optimum conveyance tool. This method provides the flexibility to run long and heavy guns, create static/under balance or spot fluids. However, due to the length and weight of guns used, a much larger dynamic load acts on a coiled tubing assembly, thereby requiring a comprehensive understanding of dynamic phenomenon in these applications. Consequently, numerical modeling for accurate prediction of pre-job coiled tubing perforating designs is critical to mitigate risk and ensure successful deployment in a cost-effective manner.
This paper focuses on several aspects of coiled tubing perforating: procedures, best practices, successful deployment, lessons learnt and most importantly, the modeling tools that are used to design and optimize a coiled tubing job. The modeling software utilized in this work is an engineering and scientific tool that simulates the dynamic response of a cased or uncased wellbore, its contents, and the porous rock formation to the energy released by gas-generating and stored pressure sources. Further, the tool successfully models the perforating event beforehand to mitigate risk and predict the viability of the process. The model is used to ensure the coiled tubing can be successfully deployed, manage/mitigate gun shock, recover the guns, etc.
Subsequently, the case histories presented in this study further emphasize the significance of careful job planning and the related modeling that is integral to the success of critical coiled tubing deployments. The first case history deals with the live well deployment of guns to perforate the upper section of a failed completion. Concerns about shock loading and inflow were successfully modeled in the software. Iterations of the model were run to monitor inflow and various underbalance scenarios. The outcome was a successful deployment and recovery of one thousand six hundred feet of perforating guns. In the second case of a complex HPHT well, concerns about shock loading and the effect of high volume in flow were modeled in the software to ensure a successful operation. The effect of shock on the coil and the completion were successfully modeled, resulting in two successful deployments. In another case, two subsea coiled tubing jobs using propellants are presented. The concern was the effect of the propellant on the coiled tubing and the completion. Extensive modeling enabled us to size the gun system and the proper amount of propellant to prevent issues. The results from the case histories and the insight provided by the dynamic modeling software illustrate that, irrespective of the complexity of the perforating job, careful job planning complemented by advanced dynamic modeling are critical to successful deployment of a coiled tubing perforating job.
A New Electric Line Downhole Jetting Tool Accomplishes Sample Collection and Screen Clean-Out to Restore Production
Authors: Husvag M. A. , Skagseth T. F. , Mourani H. , Sidle B. , Schwanitz B. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
A North Sea well was drilled and completed as a sidetrack with a 4 ½" liner set using open-hole sand screens (2x12m) in the toe and swell packers for isolating the production intervals. Due to poor productivity and injectivity, the well had been shut-in. It was suspected that the completed interval had been filled by particles (mainly barite) from different mud types that were suspended or settled in the completion fluid placed both inside and outside the screens.
Due to multiple uncertainties regarding the fill, it was desirable to perform a drift run to determine the hold-up depth (HUD) and collect samples there. The operator decided to apply a modified version of a known electric-line (e-line) suction tool. The service company modified the tool to include a set of unique valves which would be able to store and preserve downhole liquid and solid samples, enabling the operator to retrieve and analyze the debris. This would then allow them to subsequently determine whether a planned chemical was the best possible treatment solution to remediate the suspected screen plugging.
In a subsequent run a newly developed, e-line powered, downhole jetting tool would be deployed to convey the chemicals to target depth and flush the screens using the tool's jetting nozzles.
The performance of both the modified suction tool and the new downhole jetting tool were successful in accomplishing both challenges in this operation. They managed to determine the HUD and collect samples of both solids and liquids. Then, on a subsequent run, the jetting tool conveyed chemicals down to the screen and cleaned them with a high pressure jet opening the screens to flow.
This paper will review the procedural details of this operation, which constitutes the first job performed with such e-line powered tools; tools which enable accomplishing the objectives without injection or production required on the well. Two important benefits are demonstrated: an increased operational efficiency for collecting samples and a new method to perform down-hole, high pressure injection without the need to mobilize surface pumping equipment and fluids.
Field Performance of New Coiled Tubing Technology and a New Grade for Improved Sour Service
Authors: Rolovic R. , Reichert B. , Morales C. , Coloschi M. , Valdez M. , Grimaldo C. , Nguyen T. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
A new coiled tubing (CT) manufacturing technology was developed and introduced to commercial field operations in 2015. The new technology uses new steels and new heat treatment processes for complete microstructure transformation to produce significantly improved and uniform microstructure and properties along the entire coiled tubing string, including bias welds. Numerous straight and tapered wall thickness CT strings have been commercially deployed and used in various field operations and environments. Information has been collected for CT field performance evaluation of the new technology 125-ksi and 110-ksi minimum yield strength CT grades. Field results show new technology CT performance and utilization far beyond any conventional CT capability and experience. Additionally, testing of CT strings after extensive field use shows significant remaining string life and confirms observations and conclusions from previous extensive laboratory and field testing.
The new CT manufacturing technology also has been extended to produce a new, 95-ksi yield strength CT grade. This new CT grade has significantly better general performance than comparable conventional CT grades. It also has substantially better performance in sour, aqueous H2S-containing environments. Non-sour and sour test results for the new CT grade and comparisons with other CT grades are presented in the paper. Sour fatigue tests were conducted on full-body CT samples after 4-day sour exposure. Sulfide stress cracking and sour fatigue testing in H2S environments show that the new 95-ksi CT grade has much better sour performance than the conventional 90-ksi grade that is currently the highest CT grade regularly used in sour environments.
Improving Intervention Efficiency with a Novel X-ray Diagnostic Service: A Case Study
Authors: Spannuth M. , Achihai R. , Gonzalez Campos J. A. , Husvæg M. A. , Johns J. , Singleton J. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Operators continuously strive to improve the efficiency of well intervention activities, as any time spent on interventions is non-productive time. However, planning and executing an efficient intervention is challenging when downhole conditions or issues are uncertain. The guesswork involved often leads to a trial-and-error process during interventions. Performing diagnostic imaging at the outset of an intervention could break this inefficient cycle, but the techniques commonly used for downhole visualizations, such as video cameras, lead impression blocks and ultrasonic imaging, are not sufficiently reliable. Recently, an X-ray based wireline tool was introduced for providing downhole imaging, regardless of the well fluid. We will present a case study in which this new tool was used to assess the condition of the flapper on a downhole safety valve. The X-ray images showed that the flapper was mobile and verified that an insert downhole safety could potentially be installed. This allowed the operator to eliminate higher-risk and more costly options, and they eventually installed the insert downhole safety valve.
Development and Compatibility Testing of Coiled Tubing with 140-ksi Specified Minimum Yield Strength
Authors: Elliott K. , Graham-Wright T. , Williams C. D. , Hampson R. , Portillo B. , Cuaron A. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This paper presents the recent development of 140-ksi specified minimum yield strength (SMYS) coiled tubing (CT). The introduction provides background on the development. This includes the history of high-strength CT developments and potential new markets. It also defines the testing necessary to verify that the appropriate strength levels are achieved through all welding processes and compatibility with typical CT field equipment.
The tubing properties verification, steel selection process, and the welding procedure development and testing are discussed. Verification of manufacturability using current CT manufacturing equipment, which includes high-frequency induction welding, is also discussed. Compatibility testing verifies that the tubing can be used with typical CT equipment, such as injectors, blowout preventers (BOPs), and typical connections to pressure pumping equipment.
The target market for high-strength tubing is high-pressure well intervention and completion operations. Therefore, sour gas compatibility testing should be performed because even modest amounts of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) become severely sour in high-pressure environments. The testing program verifies that while using the available chemical inhibition methods, the tubing/inhibitor system is not susceptible to sulfide stress cracking (SSC), even at extremely sour H2S partial pressures in acidic environments. Finally, testing to verify low-cycle fatigue life caused by exposure with inhibition is discussed based on full-tube fatigue testing, both with and without sour gas exposure.
The paper concludes with lessons learned during the development process and presents the conclusions regarding the development, applicable markets for use, and any future steps.
TAX PLANNING UNTUK PEMBAYARAN PAJAK DENGAN BENAR BAGI PERUSAHAAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Ngumar Sutjipto 
Published: February 2017

This paper explains corporate 's tax planning policy as the tax payer purposes (1) that Taxes which be paid exactly no more nor less (2) To care corparate 's liquidity (3) to get profit normaly. Tax planning does not effort how make making tax evasion, but it is a strategy for tax saving and tax avoidance. The problem is that corporate as the tax payer does not understand about tax regulation, or the corporate just transfers the tax problem to accountancy department, because the manager has not time to understand tax law, eventhough to safeguard for negotiating by customer, the manager does not involve with anyone. The corporate initiative to execute tax planning are (1) Transfering tax value added expense to the buyer or customer (2) To carry out the holding company through accountancy engineering, by Pooling interest and Purchase method. Pooling interest method means no recoqnize value added (goodwill) ; in the other hand purchase method means the assets be counted by market value, so value added (goodwill) will be writen off by depreciation.
PENGARUH VARIABEL AKUNTANSI TERHADAPPERUBAHAN HARGA SAHAM PERUSAHAAN YANG GO PUBLIC DI BURSA EFEK JAKARTA
Authors: Setyaningsih Setyaningsih 
Published: February 2017

The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between accounting variables and stock price changes in Jakarta Stock Exchange (JSX). Some accounting variables in this study are devidend payout ratio, assets size, assets growth , leverage ratio, variability in earning and covariability in earning as independent variables, the independent variables are stock price changes. The study analysis 80 cases of active firms in the period of 1994 to 1997. Data is collected by means of purpo sive random sampling. Regression analysis is used to analyse the data.The result of the study shows that there is significant affect of the sevent financial accounting informations in the model as predictor of stock price changes (Y); there are two variables to be dropped because there is multicolinierity among variables. Those variables are leverage ratio (X5) and covariability in earning (X7) . There are five other independent variables affect significantly to stock prices changes (Y), which their contribution is 49%.