bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using n‐dimensional hypervolumes for species distribution modelling: A response to Qiao et al. ()
Authors: Blonder Benjamin , Lamanna Christine , Violle Cyrille , Enquist Brian J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHypervolume approaches are used to quantify functional diversity and quantify environmental niches for species distribution modelling. Recently, Qiao et al. () criticized our geometrical kernel density estimation (KDE) method for measuring hypervolumes. They used a simulation analysis to argue that the method yields high error rates and makes biased estimates of fundamental niches. Here, we show that (a) KDE output depends in useful ways on dataset size and bias, (b) other species distribution modelling methods make equally stringent but different assumptions about dataset bias, (c) simulation results presented by Qiao et al. () were incorrect, with revised analyses showing performance comparable to other methods, and (d) hypervolume methods are more general than KDE and have other benefits for niche modelling. As a result, our KDE method remains a promising tool for species distribution modelling.
Death in nineteenth‐century Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Fraser Lyndon 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe history of death, grief and remembrance is a significant aspect of the human past for it “takes us to the heart of any culture and sharpens our understanding of the meaning of our lives.” Historians have really only begun to explore how people struggled to come to terms with mortality and shape its meanings in nineteenth‐century Australia and New Zealand. Recent studies have refined our understanding of death and underlined its value for casting new light on aspects of the past. Scholars have also demonstrated how much we can learn about death and bereavement in the period by examining a wide range of sources—visual and material, as well as documentary. This essay highlights two key areas in the investigation of Australasian “deathways,” a term that historians have used to capture the diversity of mortuary beliefs and practices, including ideas about the afterlife, relations with the dead, the preparation of corpses, funerary commerce, burial ceremonies, and rites of commemoration and remembrance. The first section surveys the scholarship surrounding indigenous practices before engaging with new work that places death at the centre of cross‐cultural encounters on the colonial frontier. These recent histories reveal the importance of mortuary politics but they also raise thorny questions about sources and voice. The second section shifts attention to the great waves of migration to New Zealand and Australia during the nineteenth century. It considers debates about the Victorian “cult of death” and explores the key features of colonial ways of death.
Subcutaneous mycoses in Peru: a systematic review and meta‐analysis for the burden of disease
Authors: Ramírez Soto Max Carlos , Malaga German 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundThere is a worrying lack of epidemiological data on the geographical distribution and burden of subcutaneous mycoses in Peru, hindering the implementation of surveillance and control programs.ObjectivesThis study aimed to estimate the disease burden of subcutaneous mycoses in Peru and identify which fungal species were commonly associated with these mycoses.MethodsWe performed a meta‐analysis after a systematic review of the published literature in PubMed, LILACS, and SciELO to estimate the burden of subcutaneous mycoses in 25 regions in Peru. The disease burden was determined in terms of prevalence (number of cases per 100,000 inhabitants) and the number of reported cases per year per region.ResultsA total of 26 studies were eligible for inclusion. Results showed that sporotrichosis was the most common subcutaneous mycosis (99.7%), whereas lobomycosis, chromoblastomycosis, and subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis were rare. Cases of eumycetoma and subcutaneous zygomycosis were not found. Of the 25 regions, the burden of sporotrichosis was estimated for four regions classified as endemic; in nine regions, only isolated cases were reported. The highest burden of sporotrichosis was in Apurimac (15 cases/100,000 inhabitants; 57 cases/year), followed by Cajamarca (3/100,000 inhabitants; 30/year), Cusco (0.5/100,000 inhabitants; 4/year), and La Libertad (0.2/100,000 inhabitants; 2/year). In two regions, the mycoses predominantly affected children.ConclusionsSporotrichosis is the most common subcutaneous mycosis in Peru, with a high disease burden in Apurimac. Chromoblastomycosis, lobomycosis, and subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis are rare mycoses in Peru.
Adoptive transfer of murine T cells expressing a chimeric‐PD1‐Dap10 receptor as an immunotherapy for lymphoma
Authors: Lynch Adam , Hawk William , Nylen Emily , Ober Sean , Autin Pierre , Barber Amorette 
Published: July 2017

SummaryAdoptive transfer of T cells is a promising cancer therapy and expression of chimeric antigen receptors can enhance tumour recognition and T‐cell effector functions. The programmed death protein 1 (PD1) receptor is a prospective target for a chimeric antigen receptor because PD1 ligands are expressed on many cancer types, including lymphoma. Therefore, we developed a murine chimeric PD1 receptor (chPD1) consisting of the PD1 extracellular domain fused to the cytoplasmic domain of CD3ζ. Additionally, chimeric antigen receptor therapies use various co‐stimulatory domains to enhance efficacy. Hence, the inclusion of a Dap10 or CD28 co‐stimulatory domain in the chPD1 receptor was compared to determine which domain induced optimal anti‐tumour immunity in a mouse model of lymphoma. The chPD1 T cells secreted pro‐inflammatory cytokines and lysed RMA lymphoma cells. Adoptive transfer of chPD1 T cells significantly reduced established tumours and led to tumour‐free survival in lymphoma‐bearing mice. When comparing chPD1 receptors containing a Dap10 or CD28 domain, both receptors induced secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines; however, chPD1‐CD28 T cells also secreted anti‐inflammatory cytokines whereas chPD1‐Dap10 T cells did not. Additionally, chPD1‐Dap10 induced a central memory T‐cell phenotype compared with chPD1‐CD28, which induced an effector memory phenotype. The chPD1‐Dap10 T cells also had enhanced in vivo persistence and anti‐tumour efficacy compared with chPD1‐CD28 T cells. Therefore, adoptive transfer of chPD1 T cells could be a novel therapy for lymphoma and inclusion of the Dap10 co‐stimulatory domain in chimeric antigen receptors may induce a preferential cytokine profile and T‐cell differentiation phenotype for anti‐tumour therapies.
An exploration of clinical psychology's response to parental bereavement in adults with intellectual disability
Authors: Irwin Lynn , O'Malley Grace , Neelofur Shazia , Guerin Suzanne 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundThe dearth of literature regarding how or when to intervene when an adult with intellectual disability is bereaved may impede clinical practice; this study therefore aimed to explore the current clinical psychology response, so as to enhance understanding of the role of the profession in supporting grief within this population.MethodA collective case study design was used. Data for six persons with intellectual disability, including interviews with parentally bereaved persons and involved staff members, were integrated into individual case stories for cross‐case synthesis.ResultsData were analysed using thematic analysis. Five overarching themes illustrated that the clinical psychology role is broadly distributed and identified potentially complicating factors such as “gatekeeping” and “staff uncertainty.”ConclusionsA model of bereavement supports reflecting that by Read (Learning Disability Practice, 8, 2005, 31) is being approximated in clinical practice; further research is required to determine how best to implement this, and whether this meets the true needs of the population.
Modeling time‐to‐event (survival) data using classification tree analysis
Authors: Linden Ariel , Yarnold Paul R. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesTime to the occurrence of an event is often studied in health research. Survival analysis differs from other designs in that follow‐up times for individuals who do not experience the event by the end of the study (called censored) are accounted for in the analysis. Cox regression is the standard method for analysing censored data, but the assumptions required of these models are easily violated. In this paper, we introduce classification tree analysis (CTA) as a flexible alternative for modelling censored data. Classification tree analysis is a “decision‐tree”–like classification model that provides parsimonious, transparent (ie, easy to visually display and interpret) decision rules that maximize predictive accuracy, derives exactPvalues via permutation tests, and evaluates model cross‐generalizability.MethodUsing empirical data, we identify all statistically valid, reproducible, longitudinally consistent, and cross‐generalizable CTA survival models and then compare their predictive accuracy to estimates derived via Cox regression and an unadjusted naïve model. Model performance is assessed using integrated Brier scores and a comparison between estimated survival curves.ResultsThe Cox regression model best predicts average incidence of the outcome over time, whereas CTA survival models best predict either relatively high, or low, incidence of the outcome over time.ConclusionsClassification tree analysis survival models offer many advantages over Cox regression, such as explicit maximization of predictive accuracy, parsimony, statistical robustness, and transparency. Therefore, researchers interested in accurate prognoses and clear decision rules should consider developing models using the CTA‐survival framework.
Green tea extract: A natural antimicrobial with great potential for controlling native microbiota, Listeria innocua and Escherichia coli in fresh‐cut beet leaves
Authors: Fernández María Verónica , Agüero María Victoria , Jagus Rosa Juana 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAntimicrobial effect of green tea (GTE), nisin (Ni), natamycin (Na), and their combinations on native mesophilic bacteria (MAB), Enterobacteriaceae (EB), and molds and yeast (M&Y) of fresh‐cut beet leaves and on inoculated Listeria innocua (LI) and Escherichia coli (EC) were determined during storage at 15 °C. Individual treatments with Ni and Na were not effective in reducing nor controlling native microbiota. Conversely, treatments containing GTE 5% reduced MAB and EB initial counts to values below detection limit (DL = 1 log UFC/g) for 24 hr. The most effective treatment for M&Y was the combination of GTE with Na, which maintained the counts in undetectable values (<DL) for 48 hr. Ni and GTE were very effective in controlling LI and their combination presented a significant improvement, it reduced by 4.4 log the initial count and maintained them around 4 log below control samples along storage. For EC control, only GTE treatments were effective presenting a concentration dependent behavior.Practical applicationsConsumers' demand for healthy, nutritious, minimally processed, free of additives and environmentally friendly products has markedly increased in recent years. In response to these demands, the application of green tea extract, nisin, natamycin, and their combinations, as natural antimicrobials against beet leaves native microbiota and inoculated L. innocua and E. coli, was evaluated in fresh‐cut beet leaves; an underutilized by‐product with high nutritional value. The results of this study showed that nisin, widely applied in dairy products, could be also highly effective against Listeria spp. on leafy vegetables. Moreover, green tea extract, either alone or combined, is a highly promising option with potential for reducing or preventing the growth of pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms (gram‐negatives included) present in leafy vegetables, specifically in fresh‐cut beet leaves.
Effect of Mentha spicata essential oil on chemical, microbial, and sensory properties of minced camel meat during refrigerated storage
Authors: Shahbazi Yasser , Karami Negin , Shavisi Nassim 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe aim of the present study was incorporation of Mentha spicata essential oil (MSO) at three different concentrations (0.5, 1, and 1.5% vol/wt) into raw minced camel meat to extend shelf life and evaluate its antibacterial activity against Listeria monocytogenes for 12 days at refrigerated temperature. Final microbial population (total mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria, Pseudomonas spp., Enterobacteriaceae, and L. monocytogenes) decreased approximately 1–4 log CFU/g in treated samples compared to control. The initial total volatile base nitrogen was 8.86 ± 0.33 mg/100 g and after 12 days reached to 39.2 ± 0.13 mg/100 g in control, while it was lower than 25 mg/100 g for treated samples with 1 and 1.5% MSO. At the end of storage time in control samples peroxide value reached to 2.57 ± 0.01 meq peroxide/1,000 g lipid, while the values for the treated samples remained lower than 2 meq peroxide/1,000 g lipid. Moreover, during 12 days of storage, odor, color and also appearance of the minced camel meat treated with 0.5% MSO were superior.Practical applicationsToday as people tend to consume natural foods due to health concerns, the use of natural preservatives such as essential oils is increasing. Around the different parts of Iran Mentha spicata plant is known as a popular flavoring ingredient in home food making. In the present study, M. spicata essential oil as a natural substance could successfully extend the shelf life and control Listeria monocytogenes in fresh minced camel meat stored at refrigerated temperature for 12 days of storage. M. spicata essential oil can be used as a replacement to synthetic preservatives as well as synthetic flavorings in minced camel meat.
An improved method of DNA preparation for PCR‐based detection of Brucella in raw camel milk samples from Riyadh region and its comparison with immunological methods
Authors: Khan Shams Tabrez , Ahmad Javed , Wahab Rizwan , Hirad Abdurahman H. , Musarrat Javed , Al‐Khedhairy Abdulaziz A. , Bahkali Ali H. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBrucellosis a zoonotic disease is endemic in Saudi Arabia especially in the Najed region due to the customary consumption of raw milk. For a detailed investigation of brucellosis in camel milk, 80 samples were collected from Riyadh region. Twenty‐four and sixteen percentage of the samples were positive for Brucella when tested with Rose Bengal test and ELISA, respectively. Genomic DNA from the milk samples was prepared using a modified method presented in this study. Brucella was detected in camel milk using three different primer sets targeting Brucella 16S rRNA gene, omp2, and IS711 genes. Among the three primer sets, an F4/R2 set of primers targeting Brucella 16S rRNA gene was most sensitive and yielded PCR products from nine milk samples. Finally, the 16S rRNA gene sequences of these isolates confirmed the contamination of Brucella spp. in nine milk samples. This study, therefore, suggests a high incidence of Brucella in camels of Riyadh.Practical applicationsThis manuscript describes a modified method for the isolation of DNA from camel milk. The DNA was subsequently used successfully for the amplification of various genes for detecting Brucella. Furthermore, there was no report from Riyadh region on the detection of Brucella from camel milk. This report, therefore, points out toward an important health issue associated with consumption of raw camel milk. If published, this report will be helpful in educating the local population about the health risk associated with the consumption of raw milk.
Fatal SV40‐associated pneumonia and nephropathy following renal allotransplantation in rhesus macaque
Authors: Song M. , Mulvihill M.S. , Williams K.D. , Collins B.H. , Kirk A.D. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRecrudescence of latent and dormant viruses may lead to overwhelming viremia in immunosuppressed hosts. In immunocompromised hosts, Simian virus 40 (SV40) reactivation is known to cause nephritis and demyelinating central nervous system disease. Here, we report SV40 viremia leading to fatal interstitial pneumonia in an immunosuppressed host following renal allotransplantation.
A human scFv antibody that targets and neutralizes high molecular weight pathogenic amyloid‐β oligomers
Authors: Sebollela Adriano , Cline Erika N. , Popova Izolda , Luo Kevin , Sun Xiaoxia , Ahn Jay , Barcelos Milena A. , Bezerra Vanessa N. , Lyra e Silva Natalia M. , Patel Jason , Pinheiro Nathalia R. , Qin Lei A. , Kamel Josette M. , Weng Anthea , DiNunno Nadia , Bebenek Adrian M. , Velasco Pauline T. , Viola Kirsten L. , Lacor Pascale N. , Ferreira Sergio T. , Klein William L. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBrain accumulation of soluble oligomers of the amyloid‐β peptide (AβOs) is increasingly considered a key early event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). A variety of AβO species have been identified, both in vitro and in vivo, ranging from dimers to 24mers and higher order oligomers. However, there is no consensus in the literature regarding which AβO species are most germane to AD pathogenesis. Antibodies capable of specifically recognizing defined subpopulations of AβOs would be a valuable asset in the identification, isolation, and characterization of AD‐relevant AβO species. Here, we report the characterization of a human single chain antibody fragment (scFv) denoted NUsc1, one of a number of scFvs we have identified that stringently distinguish AβOs from both monomeric and fibrillar Aβ. NUsc1 readily detected AβOs previously bound to dendrites in cultured hippocampal neurons. In addition, NUsc1 blocked AβO binding and reduced AβO‐induced neuronal oxidative stress and tau hyperphosphorylation in cultured neurons. NUsc1 further distinguished brain extracts from AD‐transgenic mice from wild type (WT) mice, and detected endogenous AβOs in fixed AD brain tissue and AD brain extracts. Biochemical analyses indicated that NUsc1 targets a subpopulation of AβOs with apparent molecular mass greater than 50 kDa. Results indicate that NUsc1 targets a particular AβO species relevant to AD pathogenesis, and suggest that NUsc1 may constitute an effective tool for AD diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Ki67, CD105, and α‐SMA expressions better relate the binary oral epithelial dysplasia grading system of World Health Organization
Authors: Gadbail Amol Ramchandra , Chaudhary Minal S. , Sarode Sachin C. , Gawande Madhuri , Korde Sheetal , Tekade Satyajit Ashok , Gondivkar Shailesh , Hande Alka , Maladhari Rupesh 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundThe binary system of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) has never been investigated with reference to the carcinogenesis‐related biomarkers. Hence, Ki67, CD105, and α‐SMA immune‐expressions were studied in oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) to assess their relationship with the binary OED grading system of World Health Organization.MethodsThe study was carried out on paraffin‐embedded tissues of 30 normal oral mucosa (NOM) and 140 OPMD cases. OPMD cases were classified into two groups “no/questionable/hyperkeratosis/mild”=low‐risk epithelial dysplasia (LRED) and “moderate or severe”=high‐risk epithelial dysplasia (HRED). The immunohistochemistry was carried out to evaluate the expression of Ki67, CD 105, and α‐SMA antigen.ResultsAccording to the binary grading system of WHO, 69 (49.28%) cases were LRED, while 71 (50.71%) case showed HRED. There was significant increase in Ki67 labeling index (LI) from NOM to LRED to HRED (P=.000). Similarly, mean vascular density (MVD) also increased significantly from NOM to LRED to HRED (P=.000). The α‐SMA expression was significantly higher in HERD compared to LRED and NOM (P=.000). A positive correlation was noted among Ki67 LI, MVD, and α‐SMA expressions in NOM, LRED, and HRED (P=.000).ConclusionThe expressions of ki67, CD105, and α‐SMA markers compliment binary grading system of OED in OPMDS, thus justifying its use in clinical practice.
Valence of Ti, V, and Cr in Apollo 14 aluminous basalts 14053 and 14072
Authors: Simon Steven B. , Sutton Stephen R. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe valences of Ti, V, and Cr in olivine and pyroxene, important indicators of the fO2 of the source region of their host rocks, can be readily measured nondestructively by XANES (X‐ray absorption near edge structure) spectroscopy, but little such work has been done on lunar rocks, and there is some uncertainty regarding the presence of Ti3+ in lunar silicates and the redox state of the lunar mantle. This is the first study involving direct XANES measurement of valences of multivalent cations in lunar rocks. Because high alumina activity facilitates substitution of Ti cations into octahedral rather than tetrahedral sites in pyroxene and Ti3+ only enters octahedral sites, two aluminous basalts from Apollo 14, 14053 and 14072, were studied. Most pyroxene contains little or no detectable Ti3+, but in both samples relatively early, magnesian pyroxene was found that has Ti valences that are not within error of 4; in 14053, this component has an average Ti valence of 3.81 ± 0.06 (i.e., Ti3+/[Ti3+ + Ti4+ = 0.19]). This pyroxene has relatively low atomic Ti/Al ratios (<0.4) due to crystallization before plagioclase, contrary to the long‐held belief that lunar pyroxene with Ti/Al > 0.5 contains Ti3+ and pyroxene with lower ratios does not. Later pyroxene, with lower Mg/Fe and higher Ti/Al ratios, has higher proportions of Ti (all Ti4+) in tetrahedral sites. All pyroxene analyzed contains divalent Cr, ranging from 15 to 30% of the Cr present, and all but one analysis spot contains divalent V, accounting for 0 to 40% (typically 20–30%) of the V present. Three analyses of olivine in 14053 do not show any Ti3+, but Ti valences in 14072 olivine range from 4 down to 3.70 ± 0.10. In 14053 olivine, ~50% of the Cr and 60% of the V are divalent. In 14072 olivine, the divalent percentages are ~20% for Cr and 20–60% for V. These results indicate significant proportions of divalent Cr and V and limited amounts of trivalent Ti in the parental melts, especially when crystal/liquid partitioning preferences are taken into account. These features are consistent with an fO2 closer to IW − 2 than to IW − 1. Apollo 15 basalt 15555, analyzed for comparison with A‐14 materials, has olivine with strongly reduced Cr (Cr2+/(Cr2+ + Cr3+) ~0.9). Basalts from different sites may record redox differences between source regions.
Determination of the equilibrium fO2 in bulk samples of H, L, and LL ordinary chondrites by solid‐state electrochemistry
Authors: Osadchii Valentin O. , Fedkin Mark V. , Osadchii Evgeniy G. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHigh‐temperature solid‐state electrochemistry techniques (EMF method) were used to measure the oxygen fugacity (fO2) of the ordinary chondrites Ochansk (H4), Savtschenskoje (LL4), Elenovka (L5), Vengerovo (H5), and Kharkov (L6). The fO2 results are presented in the form of the following equations:urn:x-wiley:10869379:media:maps12919:maps12919-math-0001urn:x-wiley:10869379:media:maps12919:maps12919-math-0002urn:x-wiley:10869379:media:maps12919:maps12919-math-0003urn:x-wiley:10869379:media:maps12919:maps12919-math-0004urn:x-wiley:10869379:media:maps12919:maps12919-math-0005It was found that fO2 regularly increases from H chondrites to LL chondrites. Measured fO2 are ~1.5 higher than those previously calculated from mineral assemblages. Kharkov (L6) is a little more oxidized than Elenovka (L5) in agreement with the progressive oxidation model. At the same time, Ochansk (H4) is more oxidized than Vengerovo (H5) and exhibits a slightly different slope compared to other chondrites and at T > 1200 K, becomes more reduced than Kharkov (L6) or Elenovka (L5). Measured oxygen fugacity values of meteorites fall within (0.1–1.0)·log fO2 of one another. The possible explanation of discrepancies between measured and calculated values is discussed.