bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Transition of Care Between Emergency Department and Primary Care: A Scoping Study
Authors: Atzema Clare L. , Maclagan Laura C. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectivesPatients with chronic diseases are often forced to seek emergency care for exacerbations. In the face of large predicted increases in the prevalence of chronic diseases, there is increased pressure to avoid hospitalizing these patients at the end of the ED visit, if they can obtain the care they need in the outpatient setting. We performed this scoping study to provide a broad overview of the published literature on the transition of care between ED and primary care following ED discharge.MethodsWe performed a MEDLINE search of English‐language articles published between 1990 and March 2015. We created a data‐charting form a priori of the search. Papers were organized into themes, with new themes created when none of the existing themes matched the paper. Papers with multiple themes were assigned preferentially to the theme that was consistent with their primary objectives. We created a descriptive numerical summary of the included studies.ResultsOf 1,138 titles, there were 252 potentially relevant abstracts, and among those 122 met criteria for full paper review. An additional 11 papers were acquired from reference review. From the 133 papers, 85 were included in the study. The papers were categorized into seven themes. These included Follow‐up compliance and its predictors (38 studies), Telephone calls to discharged ED patients (15 studies), ED navigators (14 studies), The current system (nine studies), Ways to alert primary care providers (PCPs) of the ED visit (seven studies), and Patient views and PCP information requirements (one each). In the Follow‐up compliance and predictors theme, the two most frequently identified significant predictors for increasing the frequency of follow‐up care were the provision of a follow‐up appointment time prior to ED departure and the presence of health insurance. Follow‐up telephone calls to patients resulted in better follow‐up rates, but increased ED return visits in some studies. In the current system patients themselves are the conduit, and the barriers to follow‐up care can be high. E‐mail and/or electronic medical record alerts to the PCP are relatively new, and no studies limited the alerts to patients who had a defined need for follow‐up care.ConclusionsA plethora of work has been published on the transition of care from ED to primary care. To decrease hospitalizations among the upcoming wave of patients with chronic diseases, it appears that the two most efficient areas to target are a primary care follow‐up appointment system and health insurance. Further research is needed in particular to identify the patients who actually need follow‐up care and to develop information technology solutions that can be effectively implemented within the current emergency healthcare system.
Heart rate variability as a predictor of hypotension following spinal for elective caesarean section: a prospective observational study
Authors: Bishop D. G. , Cairns C. , Grobbelaar M. , Rodseth R. N. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryPost‐spinal hypotension remains a common and clinically‐important problem during caesarean section, and accurate pre‐operative prediction of this complication might enhance clinical management. We conducted a prospective, single‐centre, observational study of heart rate variability in 102 patients undergoing elective caesarean section in a South African regional hospital. We performed Holter recording for ≥ 5 min in the hour preceding spinal anaesthesia. The low‐frequency/high‐frequency ratio component of heart rate variability was compared, using a logistic regression model, with baseline heart rate and body mass index (BMI) as a predictor of hypotension (defined as systolic arterial pressure < 90 mmHg) occurring from the time of spinal insertion until 15 min after delivery of the baby. We also assessed clinically relevant cut‐point estimations for low‐frequency/high‐frequency ratio. Low‐frequency/high‐frequency ratio predicted hypotension (p = 0.046; OR 1.478, 95%CI 1.008‐1.014), with an optimal cut‐point estimation of 2.0; this threshold predicted hypotension better than previously determined thresholds (p = 0.003; c‐statistic 0.645). Baseline heart rate (p = 0.20; OR 1.022, 95%CI 0.988‐1.057) and BMI (p = 0.60; OR 1.017, 95%CI 0.954‐1.085) did not predict hypotension. Heart rate variability analysis is a potentially useful clinical tool for the prediction of hypotension. Future studies should consider a low‐frequency/high‐frequency ratio threshold of 2.0 for prospective validation.
New parameters in assessment of human donor corneal stroma
Authors: Borderie Marie , Grieve Kate , Irsch Kristina , Ghoubay Djida , Georgeon Cristina , De Sousa Celine , Laroche Laurent , Borderie Vincent M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPurposeTo provide quantitative parameters for assessment of human donor corneal stroma by imaging stromal features of diseased and normal human corneas with full‐field optical coherence microscopy (FFOCM), using confocal microscopy (CM) and histology as reference techniques.MethodsBowman's layer (BL) thickness and keratocyte density were assessed ex vivo in 23 human donor corneas and 27 human pathological corneas (keratoconus and other corneal disorders) with FFOCM, CM and histology. Stromal backscattering was assessed with FFOCM. Additionally, 10 normal human corneas were assessed in vivo with CM.ResultsIn FFOCM, the logarithm of the normalized stromal reflectivity was a linear function of stromal depth (R2 = 0.95) in human donor corneas. Compared with keratoconus corneas, human donor corneas featured higher BL thickness (p = 0.0014) with lower coefficient of variation (BL‐COV; p = 0.0002), and linear logarithmic stromal reflectivity with depth (higher R2, p = 0.0001). Compared with other corneal disorders, human donor corneas featured lower BL‐COV (p = 0.012) and higher R2 (p = 0.0001). Using the 95% confidence limits of the human donor cornea group, BL thickness < 6.5 μm (sensitivity, 57%; specificity, 100%), BL‐COV > 18.6% (79%; 100%) and R2 < 0.94 (93%; 71%) were revealed as indictors of abnormal cornea. In CM, keratocyte density decreased with stromal depth (r = −0.56). The mean overall keratocyte density (cells/mm2) was 205 in human donor corneas, 244 in keratoconus, 176 in other corneal disorders and 386 in normal corneas.ConclusionFull‐field optical coherence microscopy (FFOCM) provides precise and reliable parameters for non‐invasive assessment of human donor corneal stroma during storage, enabling detection of stromal disorders that could impair the results of keratoplasty.
Differential effects of film on preschool children's behaviour dependent on editing pace
Authors: Kostyrka‐Allchorne Katarzyna , Cooper Nicholas R. , Gossmann Anna Maria , Barber Katy J. , Simpson Andrew 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAimEvidence on how the pace of television and film editing affects children's behaviour and attention is inconclusive. We examined whether a fast‐paced film affected how preschool‐aged children interacted with toys.MethodsThe study comprised 70 children (36 girls) aged two to four‐and‐a‐half years who attended preschools in Essex, United Kingdom. The children were paired up and tested with either a fast‐ or a slow‐paced film of a narrator reading a children's story. The fast‐paced version had 102 camera cuts and 16 still images, and the slow‐paced version had 22 camera cuts and four still images. Each dyad took part in two video‐recorded free‐play sessions, before and after they watched one of the specially edited four‐minute films. The number of toys the children played with before and after the film sessions was recorded.ResultsBefore they watched the films, the children's behaviour did not differ between the groups. However, after watching the film, the children in the fast‐paced group shifted their attention between toys more frequently than the children who watched the slow‐paced film.ConclusionEven a brief exposure to differently paced films had an immediate effect on how the children interacted with their toys.
UNDERSTANDING COOPERATIVE FINANCE AS A NEW COMMON
Authors: PÉRILLEUX Anaïs , NYSSENS Marthe 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe emerging field of common good socio‐economics is promising not only for the preservation of common natural resources but also for common goods created by people through collective action, the importance of which has been emphasized by the recent financial and economic crisis. Based on the case of cooperative finance, this paper's outcomes are twofold. First, it shows that while the boundaries between the nature and property regime of goods may be relatively clear for natural common goods, they appear much more interlinked for human‐made goods, where commons are embedded in intergenerational reciprocity. Second, it demonstrates that financial cooperatives can be understood as human‐made commons and proposes a new way of thinking about public policies to design adequate legislation to protect these commons from isomorphism, privatization and destruction.
Pharmacokinetics, safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of FKB327, a new biosimilar medicine of adalimumab/Humira, in healthy subjects
Authors: Puri Adeep , Niewiarowski Andrew , Arai Yasumasa , Nomura Hideaki , Baird Mark , Dalrymple Isobel , Warrington Steve , Boyce Malcolm 
Published: January 2017

AimsTo compare the pharmacokinetics, safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of FKB327, a biosimilar of adalimumab, with European Union (EU)‐approved Humira and US‐licensed Humira after single subcutaneous doses in healthy subjects.MethodsIn a randomized, double‐blind, parallel‐group study, 180 healthy subjects received by subcutaneous injection 40 mg of EU‐Humira, or US‐Humira, or FKB327, in a 1:1:1 ratio, stratified by bodyweight. Pharmacokinetics, local tolerability, immunogenicity, adverse events, vital signs, electrocardiography and laboratory safety tests were assessed prior to and up to 1536 h after treatment.ResultsThe pharmacokinetics of FKB327 were similar to those of both EU‐ and US‐Humira. The 90% confidence interval for the ratios of AUC0–t, AUC0–inf, and Cmax geometric means were in the acceptance range for bioequivalence of 0.80–1.25 for all three pairwise comparisons by analysis of covariance with baseline characteristics age, body weight and (for Cmax only) sex as covariates. Tolerability of all three treatments was equally acceptable, and there were no differences in safety profile or immunogenicity among the three treatments. Overall, antidrug antibodies were detected in approximately 70% of subjects who received each treatment; higher titres were associated with faster elimination of adalimumab.ConclusionsThe study demonstrated pharmacokinetic similarity of FKB327 with EU‐ and US‐Humira. FKB327 was well tolerated by healthy subjects, with adverse effects similar to Humira. If clinical similarity to Humira, including efficacy, can be shown in patients, FKB327 will meet the criteria for biosimilarity to Humira.
Radiosensitivity of quiescent and proliferating cells grown as multicellular tumor spheroids
Authors: Onozato Yusuke , Kaida Atsushi , Harada Hiroyuki , Miura Masahiko 
Published: January 2017

The multicellular spheroid model partly mimics tumor microenvironments in vivo and has been reported in plenty of studies regarding radiosensitivity. However, clear isolation of quiescent and proliferating cells in live conditions has been quite difficult owing to technical limitations; therefore, comprehensive characterization could not be done thus far. In this study, we succeeded in separately isolating different cell types using a fluorescent ubiquitination‐based cell cycle indicator (Fucci) and determining their radiosensitivities. Unexpectedly, proliferating cells were more radioresistant than quiescent cells due to the contact effect when spheroids were disaggregated immediately after irradiation. However, the radiosensitivity of quiescent cells was not influenced by mild hypoxia (hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α‐positive but pimonidazole‐negative), but their radioresistance became similar to that of proliferating cells due to potentially lethal damage repair when disaggregated 24 h after irradiation. The Fucci system further allowed long‐term observation of cell kinetics inside of the spheroid following irradiation using real‐time confocal fluorescence scanning. Repeated cycles of recruitment from the quiescent to the proliferating phase resulted in cell loss from the outside of the spheroid toward the inside, causing gradual shrinkage. Interestingly, the central region of the spheroid entered a dormant stage approximately 40 days after irradiation and survived for more than 2 months. Using the Fucci system, we were able to comprehensively characterize the radiosensitivity of spheroids for the first time, which highlights the importance of cell cycle kinetics after irradiation in determining the radiosensitivity under tumor microenvironments.
Alcohol use, alcohol‐related aggression and intimate partner abuse: A cross‐sectional survey of convicted versus general population men in Scotland
Authors: Gilchrist Elizabeth Allison , Ireland Lana , Forsyth Alasdair , Godwin Jon , Laxton Tim 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIntroduction and AimsScotland has a particular problem with alcohol, and the links between intimate partner abuse (IPA) and alcohol appear stronger here than elsewhere across Europe. This study explored differences in alcohol use, related aggression and relationship conflict across a number of groups: men convicted for intimate partner abuse, men convicted of general offences and men recruited from community sports teams.Design and MethodsParticipants (n = 64) completed three questionnaires exploring their experiences of alcohol use (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, AUDIT); alcohol and aggression (Alcohol Related Aggression Questionnaire, ARAQ‐28), and relationship conflict (Revised Conflict Tactics Scale, CTS‐2).ResultsThere were significant differences across the groups in terms of AUDIT and ARAQ‐28 scores, IPA and general offenders scored higher than the community sample. CTS‐2 scores showed significant differences: both offender groups reported more use of negotiation and psychological abuse, than the community men, and IPA offenders reported causing more physical harm than either general offenders or the community sample. ARAQ‐28 scores correlated with psychological abuse for general offenders. Alcohol use was very high across all groups, but the community group did not endorse an aggression‐precipitating view of alcohol and did not report high IPA.Discussion and ConclusionsDiscussed is the need for cross‐cultural research to explore putative mediators and moderators in the relationship between alcohol, aggressiveness and IPA. [Gilchrist EA, Ireland L, Forsyth A, Godwin J, Laxton T. Alcohol use, alcohol‐related aggression and intimate partner abuse: A cross‐sectional survey of convicted versus general population men in Scotland. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;36:20–23]
Oviposition site selection by a lepidopteran leafminer in response to heterogeneity of leaf surface conditions: structural traits and microclimates
Authors: AYABE YOSHIKO , MINOURA TETSUAKI , HIJII NAOKI 
Published: January 2017

1. Leafminer larvae are sedentary and make feeding tracks called mines. Their spatial distribution in trees affects their growth and survival through interaction with the heterogeneity of environments, such as leaf traits and microclimate. Lepidopteran leafminers that mine lower leaf surfaces have shown evolutionary radiation, suggesting that lower surfaces improve leafminer performance.2. The lepidopteran multivoltine leafminer Phyllocnistis sp. Zeller (Gracirallidae: Phyllocnistinae) uses the Japanese privet Ligustrum japonicum Thunb. (Oleaceae). It mines only the lower‐surface epidermal layer of primary shoot leaves early in the occurrence season, but once lammas shoots appear, which happens in seasons other than spring, it preferentially uses the lower surface, but also uses the upper surface of the leaves. This study examined whether selection of oviposition sites was associated with the structural traits and microclimate of the leaf surface.3. The shift of oviposition site from primary to lammas shoot leaves followed increasing hardness and epidermal cell wall thickness of primary shoot leaves during leaf development, and mine initiation rates decreased below 20% after oviposition on mature primary shoot leaves. Preference for the lower surface was related to the thinner cuticle. However, the thinner cuticle of the upper surface on lammas shoot leaves allowed Phyllocnistis sp. to expand its mining sites to both surfaces with no decrease in mine initiation and emergence rates.4. Microclimates (leaf surface and mine temperatures) did not differ between upper and lower surfaces, suggesting that microclimate did not affect oviposition site selection by Phyllocnistis sp. These results suggest that the adaptive radiation of lower‐surface mining may have been influenced by the leaf surface characteristics.
Tree diversity in relation to maximum tree height: evidence for the harshness hypothesis of species diversity gradients
Authors: Marks Christian O. , Muller‐Landau Helene C. , Tilman David 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMarks et al. (Ecology Letters, 19, 2016, 743) showed tree species richness correlates with maximum tree height, and interpret this as evidence that the environmental stressors that limit tree height also act as ecological filters on species richness. Here, we strengthen these arguments by further addressing the roles of environmental covariates and beta diversity.
Evolutionary toxicology in an omics world
Authors: Oziolor Elias M. , Bickham John W. , Matson Cole W. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractEvolutionary toxicology is a young field that has grown rapidly in the past two decades. The potential of this field comes from the ability to link chemical contamination to multigenerational and population‐wide effects in various species. The advancements and rapidly decreasing costs of ‐omic tools are improving the power and resolution of evolutionary toxicology studies. In this manuscript, we aim to address the trajectories and perspectives for conducting evolutionary toxicology studies with ‐omic approaches. We discuss the complementarity of using multiple ‐omic tools (genomics, eDNA, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) for utility in understanding the toxicological relevance of adaptive responses in populations. In addition, we discuss phenotypic plasticity and its relevance to transcriptomic studies in toxicology. As evolutionary toxicology grows and expands its capacity to link toxicology with population‐wide end points, we emphasize the applications of such studies in answering questions about ecological and population health, as well as future applicability to regulation. Thus, we aim to emphasize the enormous potential for evolutionary toxicology in an ‐omics world and give perspectives on the directions of future investigations.
Reduction and external coaptation as successful treatment for tarsocrural joint luxation in an Arabian mare
Authors: Maitland‐Stuart S. , Zeiler G. E. , Mahne A. T. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryA 4‐year‐old Arabian mare was presented for evaluation of a suspected right tarsal luxation. Radiographs of the affected area revealed a tarsocrural joint luxation with an associated fractured lateral tibial malleolus. Under general anaesthesia, the fractured lateral malleolus was surgically removed via an arthrotomy and the luxation reduced. A full‐limb fibreglass cast was then placed. Recovery from anaesthesia was assisted with a tail rope. The limb was immobilised for 8 weeks with a cast. The mare made a good recovery and was used as a broodmare 18 months later, despite osteoarthritis affecting the joint.
Hypoproteinemia as a prognostic risk factor for arteriovenous fistula failure
Authors: Premuzic Vedran , Hudolin Tvrtko , Pasini Josip , Zimak Zoran , Hauptman Dinko , Jelakovic Bojan , Kastelan Zeljko 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIntroduction: Any vascular access is of limited duration with many factors which influence survival in patients on chronic hemodialysis (HD). Hypoproteinemia as a marker of chronic illness is common among chronic HD patients. Our aim was to analyze the survival of the primary arteriovenous fistula (AVFs) and the risk factors which influence their patency and to test the hypothesis that patients with normal values of serum proteins have lower risk of AVF failure compared to patients with hypoproteinemia.Methods: Seven hundred thirty‐four consecutive patients were included who underwent creation of an AVF. The patients were prospectively followed‐up for 2 years. Only patients with AVF function after a month from its creation were analyzed. The patients were divided into two subgroups, with normal and low serum protein levels (<65 g/L).Findings: At follow‐up 497 (67.7%) AVFs were still functional while 237 (32.3%) AVFs failed due to thrombosis or stenosis. Serum proteins and AVFs created on the forearm were positive predictors while diabetes was a negative predictor of longer AVF survival (P < 0.001; P = 0.003; P = 0.043). When comparing patients with normal and low serum protein levels (<65 g/L), mean survival time was significantly longer in patients with normal serum levels (P < 0.001).Discussion: In this study, hypoproteinemia was an independent prognostic marker for AVF failure at 2 years. Hypoproteinemia, based on our results, is an independent, more sensitive and prognostic marker of possible vascular access failure than the presence of other common factors which influence shorter AVF survival.