bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De novo thyroid cancer following solid organ transplantation—A 25‐year experience at a high‐volume institution with a review of the literature
Authors: Kluijfhout Wouter P. , Drake Frederick T. , Pasternak Jesse D. , Beninato Toni , Mitmaker Elliot J. , Gosnell Jessica E. , Shen Wen T. , Suh Insoo , Freise Chris E. , Duh Quan‐Yang 
Published: January 2017

Background and ObjectivesWe investigated the rate, stage, and prognosis of thyroid cancer in patients after solid‐organ transplantations, and compared this to the general population.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of patients who developed thyroid cancer after a solid‐organ transplantation between January 1988 and December 2013 at a high volume transplant center. Standardized Incidence Ratio's (SIR) were calculated. Additionally, a systematic review of the literature was performed.ResultsA total of 10,428 patients underwent solid organ transplantation. Eleven patients (11.4 per 100,000 person‐years) developed thyroid cancer: six men and five women with a mean age at diagnosis of thyroid cancer of 58 years. Ten patients underwent surgery and had stage I thyroid cancer. One patient had recurrent disease after a mean follow‐up time of 78 months. The SIR varied between 0.75 and 2.3. Seventeen studies were included in the systematic review with a SIR ranging from 2.5 to 35.ConclusionRate of thyroid cancer is not significantly higher in patients who underwent solid organ transplantation compared to general population. Stage at presentation and prognosis also appear to be similar to that of the general population. Post‐transplant screening for thyroid cancer remains debatable; however, when thyroid cancer is discovered, treatment should be similar to that of non‐transplant patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2017;115:105–108. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Plasmonic hot electron tunneling photodetection in vertical Au–graphene hybrid nanostructures
Authors: Du Bowen , Lin Li , Liu Wei , Zu Shuai , Yu Ying , Li Ziwei , Kang Yimin , Peng Hailin , Zhu Xing , Fang Zheyu 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPlasmon‐induced hot‐electron generation provides an efficient way to convert light into electric current. The investigation of the optoelectronic response in two‐dimensional materials and metallic hybrid nanostructure attracts increasing research interest. Here, we present a tunneling effect of plasmonic hot electrons that is generated from Au nanoparticles, which can vertically tunnel through graphene monolayers. A strong photocurrent induced by the hot electrons was measured in this graphene‐based vertical photodetector with its intensity maximum reached at the plasmon resonance wavelength. The tunneling effect of plasmonic hot electrons was investigated by gradually increasing the incident laser power and bias voltage between the top and bottom electrodes. The dynamic attenuation of plasmonic hot electrons in an excited state was further investigated with multilayered graphene sheets. These results show that our vertical hybrid structure can function as an effective design for the tunneling photodetector, and enable the realization of complex nanophotonic devices that are based on graphene and other 2D materials, such as optical transistors and plasmonic hot‐electron sensors.
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A true fiber optic refractometer
Authors: Zhou Wenjun , Zhou Yan , Albert Jacques 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe best instrument to measure the refractive index of liquids is the Abbe refractometer which can only provide accuracies of the order of 10−5 at visible wavelengths and 10−4 in the near infrared. Here we present a technique by which the exact wavelength positions in the near infrared frequency comb of a tilted grating inscribed in the core of an optical fiber can be used to measure the absolute value of the refractive index of a liquid in which the fiber is inserted, with an accuracy of ±5×10−5. This is in contrast to typical fiber optic‐based “refractometry” where only refractive index variations can be measured accurately, hence the appellation of “true” fiber optic refractometer here. In addition to the increased accuracy, the fiber refractometer proposed here offers the additional advantages associated with in situ measurements. The performance of this refractometer is demonstrated by measurements in water from room temperature down to near freezing at wavelengths in the 1550 nm window.
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Histidine–Zinc Interactions Investigated by Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) and their Application in Self‐Healing Polymers
Authors: Enke Marcel , Jehle Franziska , Bode Stefan , Vitz Jürgen , Harrington Matthew J. , Hager Martin D. , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: January 2017

Histidine–zinc interactions are believed to play a key role in the self‐healing behavior of mussel byssal threads due to their reversible character. Taking this as inspiration, the authors synthesize here histidine‐rich copolymers, as well as model histidine compounds and characterize them using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). With this approach, the influence of two different zinc(II) salts and the role in the complex formation of the amine function of the imidazole ring are investigated in detail. The extracted metal–ligand ratios are utilized to design novel self‐healing metallopolymers. For this purpose, n‐lauryl methacrylate is copolymerized with the histidine monomer via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. The copolymers are crosslinked using different zinc salts, and the resulting coatings are characterized with Raman spectroscopy to investigate the metal coordination behavior and with scratch healing tests to investigate the self‐healing capacity. Finally, the self‐healing behavior of the different materials is correlated with the metal–ligand binding affinity measured by ITC.
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Anti‐diabetic activities of cis‐ and trans‐2,3,5,4′‐tetrahydroxystilbene 2‐O‐β‐glucopyranoside from Polygonum multiflorum
Authors: Tang Wenping , Li Shiming , Liu Yue , Wu Jia‐Ching , Pan Min‐Hsiung , Huang Mou‐Tuan , Ho Chi‐Tang 
Published: January 2017

Scope: Functional foods can be used alone or in combination with existing therapies in preventing and treating type 2 diabetes (T2D). Trans‐2,3,5,4′‐tetrahydroxystilbene 2‐O‐β‐glucopyranoside (trans‐THSG), a dominant bioactive compound from Polygonum multiflorum (PM)—a popular medicinal food in Asia, has attracted increasing research interests due to its strong antioxidant activity. The content of naturally occurring cis‐THSG (cis‐2,3,5,4′‐tetrahydroxystilbene 2‐O‐β‐glucopyranoside) was very low in PM root, but was prepared in this study by mimicking the traditional process of PM. The anti‐diabetic effects of trans‐ and cis‐THSG were evaluated in T2D to search for more efficacious food ingredient(s).Methods and results: Trans‐THSG was chromatographically purified from PM roots and cis‐THSG was prepared with our innovative process via exposure of trans‐THSG to UV‐light. The anti‐diabetic effects of both THSGs were tested with HFD‐induced male CF‐1 diabetic mice. Cis‐THSG was found more effective than trans‐THSG in hypoglycemic effect and in ameliorating glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. In HepG2 cells, cis‐THSG also demonstrated more potent activity than trans‐THSG in suppressing transcription of phosphoenopyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK).Conclusion: Cis‐THSG can be an enriched bioactive ingredient in PM roots from post‐processing and is significantly more effective against hyperglycemia than trans‐THSG. One of the effective pathways was through inhibition of PEPCK.
Anomalous diffusion in cerebral glioma assessed using a fractional motion model
Authors: Xu Boyan , Su Lu , Wang Zhenxiong , Fan Yang , Gong Gaolang , Zhu Wenzhen , Gao Peiyi , Gao Jia‐Hong 
Published: January 2017

PurposeTo demonstrate the capability of the fractional motion (FM) model for describing anomalous diffusion in cerebral gliomas and to assess the potential feasibility of FM for grading these tumors.MethodsDiffusion MRI images were acquired from brain tumor patients using a special Stejskal‐Tanner diffusion sequence with variable diffusion gradient amplitudes and separation times. Patients with histopathologically confirmed gliomas, including astrocytic and oligoastrocytic tumors, were selected. The FM‐related parameters, including the Noah exponent (
), the Hurst exponent (
), and the memory parameter (
), were calculated and compared between low‐ and high‐grade gliomas using a two‐sample t‐test. The grading performance was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic analysis.ResultsTwenty‐two patients were included in the present study. The calculated
,
, and
permitted the separation of tumor lesions from surrounding normal tissues in parameter maps and helped differentiate glioma grades. Moreover,
showed greater sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing low‐ and high‐grade gliomas compared with the apparent diffusion coefficient.ConclusionThe FM model could improve the diagnostic accuracy in differentiating low‐ and high‐grade gliomas. This improved diffusion model may facilitate future studies of neuro‐pathological changes in clinical populations. Magn Reson Med 78:1944–1949, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Non‐invasive assessment of muscle injury in healthy and dystrophic animals with electrical impedance myography
Authors: Sanchez Benjamin , Iyer Shama R. , Li Jia , Kapur Kush , Xu Su , Rutkove Seward B. , Lovering Richard M. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTIntroductionDystrophic muscle is particularly susceptible to eccentric contraction–induced injury. We tested the hypothesis that electrical impedance myography (EIM) can detect injury induced by maximal‐force lengthening contractions.MethodsWe induced injury in the quadriceps of wild‐type (WT) and dystrophic (mdx) mice with eccentric contractions using an established model.Resultsmdx quadriceps had significantly greater losses in peak twitch and tetany compared with losses in WT quadriceps. Injured muscle showed a significant increase in EIM characteristic frequency in both WT (177 ± 7.7%) and mdx (167 ± 7.8%) quadriceps. EIM also revealed decreased extracellular resistance for both WT and mdx quadriceps after injury.DiscussionOur results show overall agreement between muscle function and EIM measurements of injured muscle, indicating that EIM is a viable tool to assess injury in dystrophic muscle. Muscle Nerve 56: E85–E94, 2017
Modal basis approaches in shape and topology optimization of frequency response problems
Authors: Allaire Grégoire , Michailidis Georgios 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThe optimal design of mechanical structures subject to periodic excitations within a large frequency interval is quite challenging. In order to avoid bad performances for non‐discretized frequencies, it is necessary to finely discretize the frequency interval, leading to a very large number of state equations. Then, if a standard adjoint‐based approach is used for optimization, the computational cost (both in terms of CPU and memory storage) may be prohibitive for large problems, especially in three space dimensions. The goal of the present work is to introduce two new non‐adjoint approaches for dealing with frequency response problems in shape and topology optimization. In both cases, we rely on a classical modal basis approach to compute the states, solutions of the direct problems. In the first method, we do not use any adjoint but rather directly compute the shape derivatives of the eigenmodes in the modal basis. In the second method, we compute the adjoints of the standard approach by using again the modal basis. The numerical cost of these two new strategies are much smaller than the usual ones if the number of modes in the modal basis is much smaller than the number of discretized excitation frequencies. We present numerical examples for the minimization of the dynamic compliance in two and three space dimensions. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Semi‐active reduction of vibrations in the mechanical system driven by an electric motor
Authors: Michajłow Maciej , Jankowski Łukasz , Szolc Tomasz , Konowrocki Robert 
Published: January 2017

SummaryIn this paper, a semi‐active damping approach is used for reduction of vibrations in a laboratory drivetrain system. The considered drivetrain system is powered by an electric, asynchronous motor at the one side and loaded with a harmonically varying torque on the other side. Here, an influence of electromechanical interaction, i.e., an electromechanical coupling, between the electric motor and the mechanical system has been taken into consideration. The harmonic load signal induces torsional vibrations in the system, which in the steady‐state phase of motion become periodic. The aim of the work is to determine the optimal control function for a semi‐active damping element, leading to vibration reduction and considering only the steady‐state phase of system motion. The optimal control is derived by using a semi‐analytical approach based on the optimal control theory aided with supplementary numerical computations. The proposed methodology is fully general, and it can be directly applied to any type of a periodically oscillating system.
Theoretical and experimental study of dynamic load‐carrying capacity for flexible robotic arms in point‐to‐point motion
Authors: Shafei A. M. , Korayem M. H. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThis paper involves the study of a general formulation and numerical solution for the dynamic load‐carrying capacity of a mechanical manipulator with elastic links. The approach presented in this article is based on an open‐loop optimal control. This method results from the Pontryagin minimum principle, which yields a 2‐point boundary value problem. The indirect method has been exploited to extract the optimality conditions. The dynamic equations of motion for this system have been obtained by means of the Gibbs‐Appell formulation and by applying the assumed modes method. The elastic characteristics of the members have been modeled based on the Timoshenko beam theory and its associated mode shapes. The aim of this research is to calculate the maximum‐allowed load that a mechanical manipulator with flexible links can carry while traversing an optimal path. At the end, to evaluate the proposed method, we made a comparison between the simulation results obtained from the presented model and the experimental results obtained from a manipulator with 2 flexible links. The comparison between the simulation and empirical data confirms the credibility of the presented method in computing the dynamic load‐carrying capacity and controlling the point‐to‐point motion of the considered 2‐link flexible manipulator.
Use of high‐frequency ultrasound to study the prenatal development of cranial neural tube defects and hydrocephalus in Gldc‐deficient mice
Authors: Autuori Maria C. , Pai Yun J. , Stuckey Daniel J. , Savery Dawn , Marconi Anna M. , Massa Valentina , Lythgoe Mark F. , Copp Andrew J. , David Anna L. , Greene Nicholas D.E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveWe used non‐invasive high‐frequency ultrasound (HFUS) imaging to investigate embryonic brain development in a mouse model for neural tube defects (NTDs) and non‐ketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH).MethodUsing HFUS, we imaged embryos carrying loss of function alleles of Gldc encoding glycine decarboxylase, a component of the glycine cleavage system in mitochondrial folate metabolism, which is known to be associated with cranial NTDs and NKH in humans. We serially examined the same litter during the second half of embryonic development and quantified cerebral structures. Genotype was confirmed using PCR. Histology was used to confirm ultrasound findings.ResultsHigh‐frequency ultrasound allowed in utero detection of two major brain abnormalities in Gldc‐deficient mouse embryos, cranial NTDs (exencephaly) and ventriculomegaly (corresponding with the previous finding of post‐natal hydrocephalus). Serial ultrasound allowed individual embryos to be analysed at successive gestational time points. From embryonic day 16.5 to 18.5, the lateral ventricle volume reduced in wild‐type and heterozygous embryos but increased in homozygous Gldc‐deficient embryos.ConclusionExencephaly and ventriculomegaly were detectable by HFUS in homozygous Gldc‐deficient mouse embryos indicating this to be an effective tool to study CNS development. Longitudinal analysis of the same embryo allowed the prenatal onset and progression of ventricle enlargement in Gldc‐deficient mice to be determined. © 2017 The Authors. Prenatal Diagnosis published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perceived needs for the information communication technology (ICT)‐based personalized health management program, and its association with information provision, health‐related quality of life (HRQOL), and decisional conflict in cancer patients
Authors: Sim Jin Ah , Chang Yoon Jung , Shin Aesun , Noh Dong‐Young , Han Wonshik , Yang Han‐Kwang , Kim Young Whan , Kim Young Tae , Jeong Seoung‐Yong , Yoon Jung‐Hwan , Kim Yoon Jun , Heo Daesuk , Kim Tae‐You , Oh Do‐Youn , Wu Hong‐Gyun , Kim Hak Jae , Chie Eui Kyu , Kang Keon Wook , Kim Ju Han , Yun Young Ho 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe use of information communication technology (ICT)–based tailored health management program can have significant health impacts for cancer patients. Information provision, health‐related quality of life (HRQOL), and decision conflicts were analyzed for their relationship with need for an ICT‐based personalized health management program in Korean cancer survivors.MethodsThe health program needs of 625 cancer survivors from two Korean hospitals were analyzed in this cross‐sectional study. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors related to the need for an ICT‐based tailored health management system. Association of the highest such need with medical information experience, HRQOL, and decision conflicts was determined. Furthermore, patient intentions and expectations for a web‐ or smartphone‐based tailored health management program were investigated.ResultsCancer survivors indicated high personalized health management program needs. Patients reporting the highest need included those with higher income (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.70; 95% [confidence interval] CI, 1.10‐2.63), those who had received enough information regarding helping themselves (aOR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.09‐2.66), and those who wished to receive more information (aOR, 1.59; 95% CI, 0.97‐2.61). Participants with cognitive functioning problems (aOR, 2.87; 95%CI, 1.34‐6.17) or appetite loss (aOR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.07‐2.93) indicated need for a tailored health care program. Patients who perceived greater support from the decision‐making process also showed the highest need for an ICT‐based program (aOR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.30‐0.82).ConclusionsWe found that higher income, information provision experience, problematic HRQOL, and decisional conflicts are significantly associated with the need for an ICT‐based tailored self‐management program.
Latent Markov and growth mixture models for ordinal individual responses with covariates: A comparison
Authors: Pennoni Fulvia , Romeo Isabella 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveWe review two alternative ways of modeling stability and change of longitudinal data by using time‐fixed and time‐varying covariates for the observed individuals. Both the methods build on the foundation of finite mixture models, and are commonly applied in many fields but they look at the data from different perspectives. Our attempt is to make comparisons when the ordinal nature of the response variable is of interest.MethodsThe latent Markov model is based on time‐varying latent variables to explain the observable behavior of the individuals. It is proposed in a semiparametric formulation as the latent process has a discrete distribution and is characterized by a Markov structure. The growth mixture model is based on a latent categorical variable that accounts for the unobserved heterogeneity in the observed trajectories and on a mixture of Gaussian random variables to account for the variability in the growth factors. We refer to a real data example on self‐reported health status to illustrate their peculiarities and differences.
A Comparative Study of Outcomes Between Single‐Site Robotic and Multi‐port Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: An Experience from a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Balachandran Banujan , Hufford Theadore A. , Mustafa Taha , Kochar Kunal , Sulo Suela , Khorsand Joubin 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of single‐site robotic cholecystectomy with multi‐port laparoscopic cholecystectomy within a high‐volume tertiary health care center.MethodsA retrospective analysis of prospectively maintained data was conducted on patients undergoing single‐site robotic cholecystectomy or multi‐port laparoscopic cholecystectomy between October 2011 and July 2014. A single surgeon performed all the surgeries included in the study.ResultsA total of 678 cholecystectomies were performed. Of these, 415 (61%) were single‐site robotic cholecystectomies and 263 (39%) were multi‐port laparoscopic cholecystectomies. Laparoscopic patients had a greater mean BMI (30.5 vs. 29.0 kg/m2; p = 0.008), were more likely to have undergone prior abdominal surgery (83.3 vs. 41.4%; p < 0.001) and had a higher incidence of preexisting comorbidities (76.1 vs. 67.2%; p = 0.014) as compared to the robotic group. There was no statistical difference in the total operative time, rate of conversion to open procedure and mean length of follow‐up between the two groups. The mean length of hospital stay was shorter for patients within the robotic group (1.9 vs. 2.4 days; p = 0.012). Single‐site robotic cholecystectomy was associated with a higher rate of wound infection (3.9 vs. 1.1%; p = 0.037) and incisional hernia (6.5 vs. 1.9%; p = 0.006).ConclusionMulti‐port laparoscopic cholecystectomy should remain the gold standard therapy for gallbladder disease. Single‐site robotic cholecystectomy is an effective alternative procedure for uncomplicated benign gallbladder disease in properly selected patients. This must be carefully balanced against a high rate of surgical site infection and incisional hernia, and patients should be informed of these risks.