bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction of a patterned hydrogel—fibrous mat bilayer structure to mimic choroid and Bruch's membrane layers of retina
Authors: Komez Aylin , Baran Erkan T. , Erdem Uzeyir , Hasirci Nesrin , Hasirci Vasif 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDeterioration of retina and death of the retinal cells due to age, diabetes, or occlusion can cause retinal degeneration which leads to loss of vision. In this study, it is aimed to design a bilayered matrix to mimic the choroid and the Bruch's membrane of the retinal tissue. As choroid, a microchanneled network resembling a fractal tree design was fabricated by photolithography over photo‐cross‐linkable methacrylated hyaluronic acid hydrogel. Gelatin or collagen was immobilized into the microchannels to enhance adherence of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC). At late culture periods (2 weeks), formation of tubular structures due to proliferation of the attached cells was observed. As Bruch's membrane, an electrospun fibroin nanofiber mat was produced to grow retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells on. Cellular interactions between RPE and HUVEC in the microchannels were investigated in a coculture model in a noncontact mode. It was deduced that by combining the RPE layer on the highly permeable Bruch's membrane with the choroid layer populated by HUVECs, a retinal substitute which might have a potential for use in the treatment of retinal diseases is possible. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2166–2177, 2016.
Novel grooved substrata stimulate macrophage fusion, CCL2 and MMP‐9 secretion
Authors: Moon Haisle , Cremmel Clément V. M. , Kulpa Alina , Jaeger Nicolas A. F. , Kappelhoff Reinhild , Overall Christopher M. , Waterfield J. Douglas , Brunette Donald M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractRough surface topographies on implants attract macrophages but the influence of topography on macrophage fusion to produce multinucleated giant cells (MGC) and foreign body giant cells (FBGC) is unclear. Two rough novel grooved substrata, G1 and G2, fabricated by anisotropic etching of Silicon <110> crystals without the use of photolithographic patterning, and a control smooth surface (Pol) were produced and replicated in epoxy. The surfaces were compared for their effects on RAW264.7 macrophage morphology, gene expression, cyto/chemokine secretion, and fusion for one and five days. Macrophages on grooved surfaces exhibited an elongated morphology similar to M2 macrophages and increased cell alignment with surface directionality, roughness and cell culture time. Up‐regulated expression of macrophage chemoattractants at gene and protein level was observed on both grooved surfaces relative to Pol. Grooved surfaces showed time‐dependent increase in soluble mediators involved in cell fusion, CCL2 and MMP‐9, and an increased proportion of multinucleated cells at Day 5. Collectively, this study demonstrated that a rough surface with surface directionality produced changes in macrophage shape and macrophage attractant chemokines and soluble mediators involved in cell fusion. Thesein vitroresults suggest a possible explanation for the observed accumulation of macrophages and MGCs on rough surfaced implantsin vivo. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2243–2254, 2016.
Performance analysis of exponential‐fed perfusion cultures for pDNA vaccines production
Authors: García‐Rendón Aurora , Munguía‐Soto Rodolfo , Montesinos‐Cisneros Rosa M. , Guzman Roberto , Tejeda‐Mansir Armando 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe clinical application of plasmid DNA (pDNA) vaccines is progressing and it is essential to develop industrial bioprocesses to economically manufacture these macromolecules. In order to contribute to achieving this goal, in this work an exponential‐fed perfusion (EFP) culture for the production of pVAX1‐NH36 hosted in Escherichia coli DH5α for application as specific vaccine was investigated using a theoretical–experimental approach.RESULTSAn experimental plasmid productivity of 3.0 mg L−1 h−1 was obtained, which represent a 1.5‐fold increase in this performance criteria. A mathematical model to investigate the system performance was built and validated. A novel aspect of the study is the analysis of the influence of individual model parameters on selected output variables and on scale‐up.CONCLUSIONSThis work contributes to the design and optimization of EFP cultures for the efficient production of pDNA for therapeutic use. The higher productivity of the EFP bioprocess might reduce both capital investment and operational costs and as a result be economically attractive compared with conventional bioprocess. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Changes in growth rates of oral jaw elements produce evolutionary novelty in bahamian pupfish
Authors: Lencer Ezra S. , Riccio Mark L. , McCune Amy R. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTTo understand the origins of novelty and the evolution of biological diversity, it is important to investigate the processes that generate phenotypic variation from genotypic variation. A number of path‐breaking studies have revealed the genetic basis for phenotypic differences between distantly related taxa, but how qualitative change is produced during the early stages of divergence is largely unexplored. Here, we focus on striking differences in jaw morphology exhibited by three closely related sympatric pupfish species (genus Cyprinodon) from San Salvador Island, Bahamas as a basis for investigating the genetic sources of morphological variation in recently diverged species. San Salvador Island pupfish are trophically diverse and display derived jaw morphologies distinct from any other species in the genus. We illustrate these qualitative morphological differences between species with 3D‐reconstructed CT‐images and camera lucida drawings of the skulls of wild‐caught fish. Quantitative data representing the size of individual bony skull elements in wild fish show how qualitatively novel morphologies arise as a consequence of changes to the size and shape of individual skull elements, particularly the dentary, premaxilla, and maxilla bones associated with the oral jaws. Consistent with these comparative data is that the growth rate of individual bony skull elements, measured on a developmental time series of lab‐reared fish, differs between species. Our data provide a critical foundation for future studies developing San Salvador Cyprinodon pupfishes as a model system to understand the evolution and development of novel morphologies at the species level. J. Morphol. 277:935–947, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Myocardial strain in healthy adults across a broad age range as revealed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5 and 3.0T: Associations of myocardial strain with myocardial region, age, and sex
Authors: Mangion Kenneth , Clerfond Guillaume , McComb Christie , Carrick David , Rauhalammi Samuli M. , McClure John , Corcoran David S. , Woodward Rosemary , Orchard Vanessa , Radjenovic Aleksandra , Zhong Xiaodong , Berry Colin 
Published: April 2016

PurposeTo assess myocardial strain using cine displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) using 1.5T and 3.0T MRI in healthy adults.Materials and MethodsHealthy adults without any history of cardiovascular disease underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 1.5T and 3.0T within 2 days. The MRI protocol included balanced steady‐state free‐precession (b‐SSFP), 2D cine‐echo planar imaging (EPI)‐DENSE, and late gadolinium enhancement in subjects >45 years. Acquisitions were divided into six segments; global and segmental peak longitudinal and circumferential strain were derived and analyzed by field strength, age, and gender.ResultsIn all, 89 volunteers (mean age 44.8 ± 18.0 years, range: 18–87 years) underwent MRI at 1.5T, and 88 of these subjects underwent MRI at 3.0T (1.4 ± 1.4 days between the scans). Compared with 3.0T, the magnitudes of global circumferential (–19.5 ± 2.6% vs. –18.47 ± 2.6%; P = 0.001) and longitudinal (–12.47 ± 3.2% vs. –10.53 ± 3.1%; P = 0.004) strain were greater at 1.5T. At 1.5T, longitudinal strain was greater in females than in males: –10.17 ± 3.4% vs. –13.67 ± 2.4%; P = 0.001. Similar observations occurred for circumferential strain at 1.5T (–18.72 ± 2.2% vs. –20.10 ± 2.7%; P = 0.014) and at 3.0T (–17.92 ± 1.8% vs. –19.1 ± 3.1%; P = 0.047). At 1.5T, longitudinal and circumferential strain were not associated with age after accounting for sex (longitudinal strain P = 0.178, circumferential strain P = 0.733). At 3.0T, longitudinal and circumferential strain were associated with age (P < 0.05). Longitudinal strain values were greater in the apico‐septal, basal‐lateral, and mid‐lateral segments and circumferential strain in the inferior, infero‐lateral, and antero‐lateral LV segments.ConclusionMyocardial strain parameters as revealed by cine‐DENSE at different MRI field strengths were associated with myocardial region, age, and sex. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:1197–1205.
Cell‐based therapies for intervertebral disc and cartilage regeneration— Current concepts, parallels, and perspectives
Authors: Vedicherla Srujana , Buckley Conor T. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTLower back pain from degenerative disc disease represents a global health burden, and presents a prominent opportunity for regenerative therapeutics. While current regenerative therapies such as autologous disc chondrocyte transplantation (ADCT), allogeneic juvenile chondrocyte implantation (NuQu®), and immunoselected allogeneic adipose derived precursor cells (Mesoblast) show exciting clinical potential, limitations remain. The heterogeneity of preclinical approaches and the paucity of clinical guidance have limited translational outcomes in disc repair, lagging almost a decade behind cartilage repair. Advances in cartilage repair have evolved to single step approaches with improved orthopedic repair and regeneration. Elements from cartilage regeneration endeavors could be adopted and applied to harness translatable approaches and deliver a clinically and economically feasible regenerative surgery for back pain. In this article, we trace the developments behind the translational success of cartilage repair, examine elements to consider in achieving disc regeneration, and the need for surgical redesign. We further discuss clinical parameters, objectives, and coordination required to deliver improved regenerative surgery. Cell source, processing, and delivery modalities are key issues to be addressed in considering surgical redesign. Advances in biomanufacturing, tissue cryobanking, and point of care cell processing technology may enable intraoperative solutions for single step procedures. To maximize translational success a triad partnership between clinicians, industry, and researchers will be critical in providing instructive clinical guidelines for design as well as practical and economic considerations. This will allow a consensus in research ventures and add regenerative surgery into the algorithm in managing and treating a debilitating condition such as back pain. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:8–22, 2017.
Correlations between quantitative T2 and T1ρ MRI, mechanical properties and biochemical composition in a rabbit lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration model
Authors: Gullbrand Sarah E. , Ashinsky Beth G. , Martin John T. , Pickup Stephen , Smith Lachlan J. , Mauck Robert L. , Smith Harvey E. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTImproved diagnostic measures for intervertebral disc degeneration are necessary to facilitate early detection and treatment. The aim of this study was to correlate changes in mechanical and biochemical properties with the quantitative MRI parameters T2 and T1ρ in rabbit lumbar discs using an ex vivo chymopapain digestion model. Rabbit lumbar spinal motion segments from animals less than 6 months of age were injected with 100 μl of saline (control) or chymopapain at 3, 15, or 100 U/ml (n = 5 per group). T2 and T1ρ MRI series were obtained at 4.7T. Specimens were mechanically tested in tension–compression and creep. Normalized nucleus pulposus (NP) water and GAG contents were quantified. Stepwise multiple linear regression was performed to determine which parameters contributed significantly to changes in NP T2 and T1ρ. When all groups were included, multiple regression yielded a model with GAG, compressive modulus, and the creep time constants as variables significantly impacting T2 (multiple r2 = 0.64, p = 0.006). GAG and neutral zone (NZ) modulus were identified as variables contributing to T1ρ (multiple r2 = 0.28, p = 0.08). When specimens with advanced degeneration were excluded from the multiple regression analysis, T2 was significantly predicted by compressive modulus, τ1, and water content (multiple r2 = 0.71, p = 0.009), while no variables were significant predictors in the model for T1ρ. These results indicate that quantitative MRI can detect changes in the mechanical and biochemical properties of the degenerated disc. T2 may be more sensitive to early stage degenerative changes than T1ρ, while both quantitative MRI parameters are sensitive to advanced degeneration. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1382–1388, 2016.
Decreased osteogenesis in mesenchymal stem cells derived from the aged mouse is associated with enhanced NF‐κB activity
Authors: Lin Tzu‐hua , Gibon Emmanuel , Loi Florence , Pajarinen Jukka , Córdova Luis A. , Nabeshima Akira , Lu Laura , Yao Zhenyu , Goodman Stuart B. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTAging is associated with significant bone loss and delayed fracture healing. NF‐κB activation is highly correlated with inflammatory‐associated bone diseases including infection, wear particle exposure, and chronic inflammation during natural aging processes. The critical roles of NF‐κB in both the pro‐inflammatory response and osteoclast‐mediated bone resorption have been well defined. However, the biological effects of NF‐κB activation in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)‐mediated bone formation remain largely unknown. In the current study, bone marrow‐MSCs were isolated from young (8 weeks old) and aged (72 weeks old) mice. NF‐κB activity in MSCs at basal levels and under different biological conditions were determined by our recently established lentiviral vector‐based luciferase reporter assay. We found that NF‐κB activity was increased in aged MSCs at basal levels or when exposed to low dose (10 or 100 ng/ml) lipopolysaccharide (LPS); this effect was not seen when the cells were exposed to higher dose (1 μg/ml) LPS. During osteogenesis, NF‐κB activity was increased in aged MSCs at weeks 1 and 2, but showed no significant difference at week 3. Both Smurf2 and TAZ, the NF‐κB target genes that regulate osteogenic differentiation, were increased in aged MSCs. In addition, the expression of RANKL was dramatically increased, and OPG was decreased in aged MSCs. Our findings suggest that targeting NF‐κB activity in MSCs has the potential to modulate aging‐associated bone loss, or enhance bone‐healing in aged patients. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:281–288, 2017.
Human fusion range for polarized 3D display
Authors: Wang Qin , Wang Qiong‐Hua , Gu Sheng‐Xue , Liu Chun‐Ling 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIf discrepancy between accommodation and convergence caused by a stereoscopic display exceeds fusion range of human eyes, viewers will see ghosting image, which leads to the loss of correct depth information and even causes severe visual fatigue. In this paper, an experiment aiming to investigate the binocular fusion range is conducted for a polarized 3D display. Two experimental trials are arranged to examine two aspects of fusion range including outward depth and inward depth. 3D modeling software is used to generate the test stereoscopic image pairs, which vary in depth by adjusting the separation between the virtual cameras. Angular parallax corresponding to the limit of fusion range is obtained by determining critical point of ghosting images. The experimental results show deviation between theoretical fusion range calculated by formula and experimental one.−0.223° to 0.275° represent critical fusion range for the polarized 3D display to avoid ghosting images.
90Y radiation lobectomy: Outcomes following surgical resection in patients with hepatic tumors and small future liver remnant volumes
Authors: Lewandowski Robert J. , Donahue Larry , Chokechanachaisakul Attasit , Kulik Laura , Mouli Samdeep , Caicedo Juan , Abecassis Michael , Fryer Jonathan , Salem Riad , Baker Talia 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundThe purpose of this study is to assess operative, post‐operative, and long‐term outcomes in patients who underwent radiation lobectomy (RL) for tumor control and/or hypertrophy of small future liver remnant (FLR) prior to resection.MethodsRight lobar +/− segment 4 radioembolization was performed prior to lobectomy/tri‐segmentectomy in patients with hepatic tumor but inadequate FLR. Parenchymal/tumor volumes were calculated from pre/post‐RL imaging; FLR/%FLR hypertrophy were determined. Complications were graded by the Clavien‐Dindo classification.ResultsThirteen patients (HCC n = 10, cholangiocarcinoma n = 2, mCRC n = 1) underwent RL prior to resection. The median time between RL and post‐RL imaging was 40 days (23–190 days); the median time to resection was 86 days (30–210 days). Median FLR increased significantly [pre: 33% (22–43%); post: 43% (29–69%), P < 0.01] to yield a median %FLR hypertrophy of 30% (4–105%). The median hospital stay after resection was 4 days (3–11 days). Transient hepatobiliary toxicities normalized post‐operatively. Ninety‐two percent of resected tumors had >50% pathologic necrosis. Median follow up time after surgery was 604 days (144–1,416 days); one death occurred.ConclusionsIn this preliminary study, radiation lobectomy was a safe and effective method to achieve remnant liver hypertrophy while providing tumor control. This approach may facilitate safe resection and favorable post‐operative outcomes.J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:99–105. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polyvinyl Alcohol Based Solid Electrolyte Film: Synthesis, Characterization and Electrical Properties
Authors: Karthik Sekar , Suresh Jayaseelan , Vakees Ekambaram , Kayalvizhi Muthu , Thangaraj Venkatesan , Balaji Kanagasabai , Selvasekarapandian S. , Arun Araichimani 
Published: April 2016

SummaryPolyvinyl alcohol based solid electrolyte films are prepared using polyvinyl alcohol and alum by varying wt.% of alum. The synthesized films are characterized by temperature dependent IR, A/C conductivity, temperature dependent dielectric studies, temperature dependent conductance studies, temperature dependent impedance studies, DSC, TGA. The X‐ray diffraction result shows that the crystallinity of PVA is increased upon increasing nano particle into a PVA film. The DSC behaviour of these films, exhibits excellent thermal response upon dispersal of the filler. Solid electrolyte doped with 0.15 wt.% of alum shows optimum AC conductivity of 1.73 × 10−4 Scm−1. Dielectric loss studies have also been used to understand the conduction process in the system. The Jonscher power law seems to be obeyed during AC conductivity measurements of the fiber mats.
Cladding Modified with PANI‐Oxalic Acid Composite Glucose Oxidase Immobilized Fiber Optic Intrinsic Glucose Biosensor
Authors: Pahurkar Vikas , Dagdale Shivaji , Tamgadge Yuoraj , Nagale Vinod , Muley Gajanan 
Published: April 2016

SummaryPolyaniline (PANI) and its composites have drawn considerable interest because of their economical importance, good environmental stability and satisfactory conductivity among the conductive polymers. Polymers are playing an increasingly important role in the development of biosensors. The use of conducting polymer composites for the construction of biosensor is increasing nowadays for the immobilization of biomolecules as it enhances the activity and performance of the sensor. In the present investigation, we have used PANI‐oxalic acid (OA) for the cladding modification to prepare fiber optic intrinsic glucose biosensor (FOIGB) for detection of glucose. PANI‐OA composite have shown good binding toward enzyme‐glucose oxidase (GOx) and high biological activity that results in enhanced sensing characteristics. This investigation highlights approach to synthesize PANI‐OA composite and its applications in cladding modified FOIB technology. The characterizations were made using X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The results revealed the formation of homogeneous, PANI‐OA film on sensing element. The sensing response of FOIGB toward glucose was measured by monitoring variation in power with varying glucose concentration.
High Temperature Crystal Growth: An Overview
Authors: Dagdale Shivaji , Pahurkar Vikas , Muley Gajanan 
Published: April 2016

SummaryIn this review, main advances produced in crystal growth techniques during recent years have been presented. The most commonly used methods for growth of solid‐state lasers and nonlinear optical crystals of oxide materials are discussed. The crystals grown by high temperature solution growth method has got vital importance, because of their useful applications. The high temperature crystal growth methods involve liquid – solid phase transformation. These may range from a small inexpensive technique to a complex sophisticated expensive process. The crystallization time may ranges from minutes, hours, days and to months. Besides, the various methods, Czochralski, top‐seeded solution growth (TSSG), and Bridgeman are some of the most popular methods, used to grow single crystals have been discussed here. The ambient temperature conditions used to melt grown materials or become polymorphic transitions below the crystallization temperature are presented. Regarding to it, various crystals grown by researchers with high temperature crystal growth method have been reviewed.
Controlled Electrochemical Polymerization Strategies for Electroactive Polyaniline Thin Films
Authors: Kharade Rohini R. , Patil Pallavi B. , Khot Kishor V. , Ghanwat Vishvnath B. , Kondalkar Vijay V. , Bagade Chaitali S. , Desai N. D. , Mane R. M. , Bhosale P. N. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryPolyaniline (PANI) thin films were successfully deposited using controlled electrodeposition (ED) technique from a mixed solution of 0.1M aniline and 0.5M H2SO4 on ITO coated substrate. The effect of different deposition cycles 10, 25, 50, 75, 100 on thickness, optical and morphological properties of electrodeposited PANI thin films was studied. The formation mechanism of highly conducting form of polyaniline i.e. Emeraldine salt is explained. The support of Fourier transform‐infra red (FT‐IR) and Raman spectroscopy was given to confirm Emeraldine salt of PANI. Further DC electrical conductivity of PANI has been measured in temperature range from 300 to 500 K using two point probe method. The optical and morphological properties of PANI give its application towards flexible electrochromic glasses.