bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An exposure assessment approach for potential thermal degradation compounds in 2‐phase immersion cooling operations
Authors: Tuma Phillip , Schulz Jay , Bonk Jason , Roy Robert , DeLorme Michael , Logan Perry 
Published: January 2018

Passive 2‐phase immersion cooling (P2PIC) is a technique for cooling computers with the potential to reduce capital and operating costs within datacenters. Computers cooled by P2PIC are submerged in a fluorochemical liquid that boils (hence 2‐phase) from the heat generating components. Although the tanks in which this is done are normally sealed and vented outdoors, they are opened periodically for maintenance. The volatility of the liquids suggests the need for risk assessments relating to inhalation of the liquids' vapor under these normal operating conditions. Fourier transfer infrared vapor concentration measurements gathered during spill and transfer simulation and at two proof‐of‐concept P2PIC installations show inhalation concentrations substantially below exposure guidelines.Liquids can be thermally decomposed under certain failure scenarios to create decomposition products with greater hazard and risk profiles. A methodology is presented for estimating possible human exposure to such products. The exposure levels that result are interpreted in the context of the most toxic of the thermal decomposition products known to form and suggest employee exposure substantially below published occupational exposure and emergency response guidelines. Fluid conditioning systems and gas monitoring equipment further reduce the risk of human exposure to fluid vapor and thermal decomposition products. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Process Saf Prog 37:369–375, 2018
Operator dynamics for stability condition in haptic and teleoperation system: A survey
Authors: Li Hongbing , Zhang Lei , Kawashima Kenji 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, haptic systems ignore the varying impedance of the human hand with its countless configurations and thus cannot recreate the complex haptic interactions. The literature does not reveal a comprehensive survey on the methods proposed and this study is an attempt to bridge this gap.MethodsThe paper includes an extensive review of human arm impedance modeling and control deployed to address inherent stability and transparency issues in haptic interaction and teleoperation systems.ResultsDetailed classification and comparative study of various contributions in human arm modeling are presented and summarized in tables and diagrams.ConclusionThe main challenges in modeling human arm impedance for haptic robotic applications are identified. The possible future research directions are outlined based on the gaps identified in the survey.
A novel planning solution for semi‐autonomous aspiration of Baker's cysts
Authors: Ciszkiewicz Adam , Lorkowski Jacek , Milewski Grzegorz 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundA Baker's cyst is a pathological structure located near a kneepit, which causes discomfort and reduces mobility of the knee. It is commonly treated with aspiration, which often requires MRI scanning and US guidance. The aim of this study was to propose a novel planning solution for semi‐autonomous aspiration of the Baker's cyst using only MRI imaging.MethodsThe proposed method requires minimal user input and offers automatic cyst segmentation with collision‐free path planning for the assumed robotic structure with four degrees of freedom.ResultsThe prepared software was tested on four image sets obtained from patients eligible for cyst aspiration. It was possible to accurately segment the cyst in the considered cases. The collision‐free path planning method was investigated in numerical scenarios.ConclusionsThe simulations verified the proposed software solution. Future work will be devoted to experimental verification of the path planning procedure.
Using optical tracking for kinematic testing of medical robots
Authors: Jun Changhan , Decker Ryan , Stoianovici Dan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundIn image‐guided robotic interventions, an error component is related to the positioning error of the manipulator. Therefore, measuring the kinematic error is required during robot development. However, no specialized measurement device exists for this task. This study explores the possibility of using optical tracking for robot measurement.MethodsA CNC machine is used to position an optical marker, generating a gold standard reference. Repeated position measurements are acquired with an NDI Polaris Hybrid® optical tracker at each static location, and averaged. These measurements are compared to the reference set.ResultsAveraging repeated static position measurements improves precision (200–500 samples). Measurement accuracy ranges between 44 μm and 137 μm in close proximity of the tracker.ConclusionsRepeated static position measurements in the near field of view enable the optical tracker to outperform its general‐purpose accuracy specification. Optical tracking may be used to test robot kinematics with a high degree of accuracy.
Jonckheere‐Terpstra test for nonclassical error versus log‐sensitivity relationship of quantum spin network controllers
Authors: Jonckheere E. , Schirmer S. , Langbein F. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThe selective information transfer in spin ring networks by energy landscape shaping control has the property that the error, 1‐prob, where prob is the transfer success probability, and the sensitivity of the error to spin coupling uncertainties are statistically increasing across a family of controllers of increasing error. The need for a statistical hypothesis testing of a concordant trend is made necessary by the noisy behavior of the sensitivity versus the error as a consequence of the optimization of the controllers in a challenging error landscape. Here, we examine the concordant trend between the error and another measure of performance, ie, the logarithmic sensitivity, used in robust control to formulate a well‐known fundamental limitation. Contrary to error versus sensitivity, the error‐versus‐logarithmic‐sensitivity trend is less obvious because of the amplification of the noise due to the logarithmic normalization. This results in the Kendall τ test for rank correlation between the error and the log sensitivity to be somewhat pessimistic with marginal significance level. Here, it is shown that the Jonckheere‐Terpstra test, because it tests the alternative hypothesis of an ordering of the medians of some groups of log sensitivity data, alleviates this statistical problem. This identifies cases of concordant trend between the error and the logarithmic sensitivity, ie, a highly anticlassical feature that goes against the well‐known sensitivity versus the complementary sensitivity limitation.
Controllability of discrete‐time multiagent systems with switching topology
Authors: Lu Zehuan , Zhang Lin , Wang Long 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThe current theoretical investigation on the controllability of switched multiagent systems mainly focuses on fixed connected topology or union graph without nonaccessible nodes. However, for discrete‐time multiagent systems with switching topology, it is still unknown whether the existing results are valid or not under the condition of arbitrary topology. Based on graph distance partitions and Wonham's geometric approach, we provide the lower and upper bounds for the dimension of controllable subspaces of discrete‐time multiagent systems. Unlike the existing results of controllability with switching topology, the proposed results have the advantage of being applicable to multiagent systems with arbitrary graphic topologies, union graph (strongly connected or not), and coupling weights. We also provide 2 algorithms for computing the lower and upper bounds for the dimension of controllable subspaces, respectively. Furthermore, as a remarkable application, we present how the proposed lower bound can be utilized for achieving the targeted controllability if the dimension of the controllable subspace of the switched system satisfies certain conditions.
Challenge and hindrance demands lead to employees' health and behaviours through intrinsic motivation
Authors: Kim Minseo , Beehr Terry A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBased on the job demand‐resource theory, this study examined the differential relationships of two types of job demands, challenge and hindrance stressors, with three outcomes: ill health, organizational citizenship behaviour, and work engagement. These relationships were mediated by two personal resources: psychological empowerment and organization‐based self‐esteem (OBSE). Data were collected at two separate points, 2 weeks apart. With 336 full‐time U.S. employees, results from path analysis indicated that the challenge stressor, workload, was positively related to psychological empowerment and OBSE, both of which were in turn positively related to good work behaviours as well as negatively related to ill health, an indication that employees experienced physical symptoms and psychological strains. In contrast, hindrance stressors (role stressors and interpersonal conflict) showed the opposite patterns of relationships with these intermediate outcomes, resulting in less empowerment and OBSE. Overall, findings suggested that psychological empowerment and OBSE were important intrinsic motivational mechanisms through which some stressors (especially hindrance demands) can promote employees' favourable work behaviours as well as alleviate the negative health outcomes.
Designing Novel Nonsymmetric Ag/AgI Nanoplates for Superior Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Khan Misbah Ullah , You Hongjun , Liu Xiaotong , Zhang Lingling , Fang Jixiang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPrecisely engineering the decoration of metal nanoparticles on the special surface of semiconductor represents a promising strategy to design efficient metal–semiconductor heterostructured photocatalysts. This study demonstrates a versatile soft‐template method to fabricate a novel nonsymmetrical heterostructured Ag/AgI nanoplate, in which only one side surface of the nanoplate is covered with uniform 2D Ag nanoweb. Compared with symmetrical heterostructure, the nonsymmetrical heterostructure may further facilitate the separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs and shows a greatly enhanced photocatalytic activity. This study may open up a new way to improve the photocatalytic property by synthesizing nonsymmetrical metal–semiconductor composites.
Fabry–Pérot Oscillation and Room Temperature Lasing in Perovskite Cube‐Corner Pyramid Cavities
Authors: Mi Yang , Liu Zhixiong , Shang Qiuyu , Niu Xinxiang , Shi Jia , Zhang Shuai , Chen Jie , Du Wenna , Wu Zhiyong , Wang Rui , Qiu Xiaohui , Hu Xiaoyong , Zhang Qing , Wu Tom , Liu Xinfeng 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRecently, organometal halide perovskite‐based optoelectronics, particularly lasers, have attracted intensive attentions because of its outstanding spectral coherence, low threshold, and wideband tunability. In this work, high‐quality CH3NH3PbBr3 single crystals with a unique shape of cube‐corner pyramids are synthesized on mica substrates using chemical vapor deposition method. These micropyramids naturally form cube‐corner cavities, which are eminent candidates for small‐sized resonators and retroreflectors. The as‐grown perovskites show strong emission ≈530 nm in the vertical direction at room temperature. A special Fabry–Pérot (F–P) mode is employed to interpret the light confinement in the cavity. Lasing from the perovskite pyramids is observed from 80 to 200 K, with threshold ranging from ≈92 µJ cm−2 to 2.2 mJ cm−2, yielding a characteristic temperature of T0 = 35 K. By coating a thin layer of Ag film, the threshold is reduced from ≈92 to 26 µJ cm−2, which is accompanied by room temperature lasing with a threshold of ≈75 µJ cm−2. This work advocates the prospect of shape‐engineered perovskite crystals toward developing micro‐sized optoelectronic devices and potentially investigating light–matter coupling in quantum optics.
Mercury in Cobia from Estuarine and Offshore Waters of the Southeastern United States: Fisheries Implications
Authors: Adams Douglas H. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn marine ecosystems, upper‐trophic‐level pelagic fish often contain high concentrations of mercury. Individuals of several frequently landed marine fish species bioaccumulate mercury at concentrations linked directly to effects on fish physiology and human health risks. Knowledge of mercury in Cobias Rachycentron canadum has been limited. With this study, I addressed that problem by providing a comprehensive assessment of mercury in muscle taken from Cobia specimens within a range of size‐ and age‐classes representative of those targeted by the recreational and commercial fisheries operating in the southeastern United States (Atlantic Ocean and eastern Gulf of Mexico). Total mercury concentration (THg) in muscle ranged from 0.025 to 3.9 mg/kg (wet weight), with a mean of 0.743 mg/kg (SD = 0.609). In approximately 95% of all legal‐size Cobias (≥838.2 mm FL), THg exceeded 0.3 mg/kg (i.e., the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's human health screening value for mercury). Proposed and recent increases in size limits for Cobias in some waters of the southeastern United States would further increase this percentage. The present results for Cobias from the western Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico further substantiate current fish consumption advisories and provide guidance for new or revised advisories in other regions.
Layered Double Hydroxide‐Based Functional Nanohybrids as Controlled Release Carriers of Pharmaceutically Active Ingredients
Authors: Ray Suprakas Sinha , Mosangi Damodar , Pillai Sreejarani 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe chemical stability, degradation and penetration ability of pharmaceutically active ingredients in topical formulations are the greatest challenges because of problems with the protection of actives for long times and with delivery. Therefore, the development of unique and efficient substrate material is vital for their protection and controlled drug release. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) known as hydrotalcite like compounds possess positive charges due to isomorphic substitutions, which are counterbalanced by hydrated exchangeable anions located in the interlayer region. Some of the active ingredient molecules can be intercalated into the inner region of the LDHs through ionic bonding, hydrogen bonding or van der Waals interaction to form nanohybrids, which are more potent for their protection and controlled‐release. This account focuses on our recent research efforts and key scientific and technical challenges in the development of LDH based nanohybrids for commercial use in advanced controlled release carriers of active ingredients in topical formulations.
Unexpected ecological advances made possible by long‐term data: A Coweeta example
Authors: Jackson C. Rhett , Webster Jackson R. , Knoepp Jennifer D. , Elliott Katherine J. , Emanuel Ryan E. , Caldwell Peter V. , Miniat Chelcy F. 
Published: January 2018

In the 1970s, Forest Service and academic researchers clearcut the forest in Watershed 7 in the Coweeta Basin to observe how far the perturbation would move the ecosystem and how quickly the ecosystem would return to its predisturbance state. Our long‐term observations demonstrated that this view of resistance and resilience was too simplistic. Forest disturbance triggered a chain of ecological dynamics that are still evolving after 40 years. Short‐term pulses in dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) (3 years) and streamflows (4 years) were followed by several years in which the system appeared to be returning to predisturbance conditions. Then however, changes in forest composition triggered a regime change in DIN dynamics from biological to hydrological control as well as persistent high stream DIN levels mediated by climatic conditions. These forest composition changes also led to later reductions in streamflow. These long‐term observations of streamflows, stream DIN concentrations, stream DIN exports, and stand composition have substantially advanced our understanding of forest ecosystem dynamics; and they demonstrate the value of long‐term observational data in revealing ecosystem complexities and surprises, generating new hypotheses, and motivating mechanistic research. Shorter observational records from this experiment would have produced incomplete or erroneous inference. WIREs Water 2018, 5:e1273. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1273This article is categorized under:

Science of Water > Hydrological Processes
Science of Water > Water Quality
Water and Life > Nature of Freshwater Ecosystems
Impact of sirtuin-1 expression on H3K56 acetylation and oxidative stress: a double-blind randomized controlled trial with resveratrol supplementation
Authors: Bo Simona , Togliatto Gabriele , Gambino Roberto , Ponzo Valentina , Lombardo Giusy , Rosato Rosalba , Cassader Maurizio , Brizzi Maria Felice 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Aims
Sirtuin-1 (SIRT-1) down-regulation in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been associated with epigenetic markers of oxidative stress. We herein aim to evaluate whether an increase in SIRT-1 expression affects histone 3 acetylation at the 56 lysine residue (H3K56ac) in T2DM patients randomly selected to receive either resveratrol (40 mg or 500 mg) or a placebo for 6 months. The primary outcome is changes in the H3K56ac level by variation in SIRT-1 expression and the secondary outcome is the evidence of association between SIRT-1 level, antioxidant markers (TAS), and metabolic variables.

Methods and results
At baseline, peripheral blood mononuclear cell H3K56ac values among the SIRT-1 tertiles did not differ. At trial end, SIRT-1 levels were significantly higher in patients receiving 500 mg resveratrol. At follow-up, patients were divided into tertiles of delta (trial end minus baseline) SIRT-1 value. Significant reductions in H3K56ac and body fat percentage were found in the highest tertile as were increased TAS levels. A multiple logistic regression model showed that the highest delta SIRT-1 tertile was inversely associated with variations in H3K56ac (OR = 0.66; 95% CI 0.44–0.99), TAS (OR = 1.01; 95% CI 1.00–1.02), and body fat percentage (OR = 0.75; 95% CI 0.58–0.96).

Conclusions
We provide new knowledge on H3K56ac and SIRT-1 association in T2DM. These data suggest that boosting SIRT-1 expression/activation may impact redox homeostasis in these patients.
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02244879.
UNPACKING THE DIFFERENTIAL IMPACT OF FAMILY PLANNING POLICIES IN CHINA: ANALYSIS OF PARITY PROGRESSION RATIOS FROM RETROSPECTIVE BIRTH HISTORY DATA, 1971–2005
Authors: Qin Min , Falkingham Jane , Padmadas Sabu S. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryAlthough China’s family planning programme is often referred to in the singular, most notably the One-Child policy, in reality there have been a number of different policies in place simultaneously, targeted at different sub-populations characterized by region and socioeconomic conditions. This study attempted to systematically assess the differential impact of China’s family planning programmes over the past 40 years. The contribution of Parity Progression Ratios to fertility change among different sub-populations exposed to various family planning policies over time was assessed. Cross-sectional birth history data from six consecutive rounds of nationally representative population and family planning surveys from the early 1970s until the mid-2000s were used, covering all geographical regions of China. Four sub-populations exposed to differential family planning regimes were identified. The analyses provide compelling evidence of the influential role of family planning policies in reducing higher Parity Progression Ratios across different sub-populations, particularly in urban China where fertility dropped to replacement level even before the implementation of the One-Child policy. The prevailing socioeconomic conditions in turn have been instrumental in adapting and accelerating family planning policy responses to reducing fertility levels across China.
OP02 A Managed Access Approach To Appraising New Cancer Drugs In England
Authors: Landells Linda , Burke Martyn , Boysen Meindert 
Published: January 2018

INTRODUCTION:The changing regulatory landscape brings new challenges to Health Technology Assessment (HTA). Marketing authorizations are being granted as the evidence base evolves to facilitate timely patient access to promising health technologies. Consequently, some products come to HTA bodies sooner in their development cycles with less evidence, which ultimately leads to greater uncertainty in decision making. A key challenge for payer and HTA bodies is providing access to promising medicines while the evidence is still emerging, in a financially sustainable way.METHODS:Changes to the Cancer Drugs Fund (CDF) have resulted in a managed access fund for cancer medicines in England. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) can now recommend a treatment for use within the CDF if there is plausible potential to satisfy the criteria for routine use in the National Health Service (NHS) at its current price, but the evidence is not robust enough and associated with significant uncertainty. Further evidence is then generated in clinical trials, through observational data collection, or a combination of the two, while the drug's price reflects the decision uncertainty. At the end of the managed access period, NICE reviews the guidance to determine if the treatment can be recommended for routine commissioning.RESULTS:The first treatment recommended for use within the new CDF was osimertinib for non-small cell lung cancer (1). At the time of NICE appraisal, there was considerable uncertainty in osimertinib's clinical and cost effectiveness because only short-term phase II trial results were available. NICE's independent appraisal committee considered there was plausible potential for osimertinib to be cost effective and identified that an ongoing phase III trial would provide longer-term data addressing the key uncertainties.CONCLUSIONS:An integrated approach between payer and HTA decision-maker has significantly changed how cancer treatments in England are appraised. This collaborative way of working heralds a more sustainable approach to introducing promising cancer treatments.