bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kenntnis und Einstellung der Bevölkerung in Bezug auf den Wald in relativ waldreichen und waldarmen Regionen in Flandern
Authors: Vanderlinden L. , Lust N. 
Published: July 2016

Die Untersuchung beabsichtigt die Kenntnis und die Einstellung der Bevölkerung in Flandern in Bezug auf den Wald besser zu studieren. Die wichtigste Hypothese ist, dass das Wohnen in einer relativ waldreichen oder waldarmen Umgebung einen Einfluss auf die Kenntnis und auf die WaideinsteIlung ausübt. Gleichzeitig wird von der Wichtigkeit von sozialen Hintergrunden und vom Kenntnisniveau für die Einstellung ausgegangen. Die Untersuchung wurde via einer telefonischen Befragung durchgeführt. Sowohl von einer waldreichen (Limburg) als von einer waldarmen (West-Flandern) Region wurden 100 Personen befragt. Die Daten wurden mit SPSS 7.0 verarbeitet. Sowohl parametrische (t-Test, ANOVA, Faktoranalyse und Zuverlässigkeitstest) als nicht parametrische Tests (χ2-Test, Mann-Whitney Test, Kruskal-Wallis Test) wurden angewendet. Das Wohnen in einer waldreichen Umgebung hat nur einen beschränkten Einfluss auf die Kenntnis und die WaideinsteIlung. Die Bevölkerung dieser Gebiete besucht wohl mehr den Wald und ist auch mehr bereit den Wald zu schützen. Auch der soziale Hintergrund ist nicht so bestimmend. Es gibt auch keine grossen Unterschiede zwischen Stadt- und Landbewohnern. Im allgemeinem anerkennt die Bevölkerung nur zwei Funktionen, die wirtschaftliche Funktion und den Rest. Die wirtschaftliche Funktion wird nicht als wichtig betrachtet. Die nicht-wirtschaftliche Funktion dagegen wird als äusserst wertvoll beurteilt.
Nutrient uptake of a mixed oak/beech forest in Flanders (Belgium)
Authors: Mussche S. , Bussche B. , De Schrijver A. , Neirynck J. , Nachtergale L. , Lust N. 
Published: July 2016

A 72-year-old mixed oak/beech stand has been studied on the element (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) content in its woody biomass, in the wood increment and in the litter fall. Crown leaching and nutrient uptake have been calculated respectively according to Ulrich (1983) and to Cole &amp; Rapp (1981). Eight oaks and six beeches have been sampled, regression equations between the tree element content and the stem volume have been calculated in order to scale up from the tree to the stand level. The annual amount of elements taken up is 70 kg N, 4,9 kg P, 69,3 kg K, 43 kg Ca and 6,1 kg Mg per ha. For K, Ca and Mg a large part of the nutrient uptake is due to crown leaching. The amount of N and P in the litter fall constituted the largest part of the uptake of N and P. For the elements K, Ca and Mg, crown leaching is very important in the nutrient cycling: crown leaching amounts respectively 63%, 21% and 43% of the annual return of these elements from the canopy to the forest floor.
Perspectives of silviculture as discipline in Greece
Authors: Zagas T. , Tsitsoni T. , Gkanatsas P. 
Published: July 2016

Greek Forestry relies basically on the principle of sustainability. Recently, this term, eventhough it is very old, has acquired a special interest as it redefines the relation between man and nature. Greek silviculturists adopted this principle many years ago, in the form of providing perpetually equal wood volumes, annually or periodically as well as other social benefits. Keep in mind, that the priorities and perspectives of silviculture as discipline in Greece are the following: The contribution to the protection of greek forests by applying the most appropriate silvicultural treatments as well as the rehabilitation of degraded forest ecosystems (conversion of coppices, cover of bare lands etc.), the maintenance of the existing mixed forests and the transformation of the pure conifer forests into mixed ones as well as the improvement of structure of the high forests, the use of natural regeneration in the future in the same way it was used so far, the prohibition of clear-cuttings in all forests and the use of low impact management methods, the application of selective harvesting and the keeping of individual old trees until their biological death, the protection of rare species and the creation of a network of special protected areas.
Einstellung der Flämischen Umweltschutzbewegung in Bezug auf die Europäische Umweltpolitik betreffs Land- und Forstwirtschaft
Authors: Lust N. 
Published: July 2016

Nicht nur die Land- und die Forstwirtschaft betrachten die EU Verordnungen 2078/92 und 2080/92 als wichtig, auch die Umweltschutzbewegung. Obwohl die Umweltschutzbewegung (eigentlich die Naturschutzbewegung) eine Reihe von positiven Punkten anerkennt, sowie die Unterstützung von nicht staatlichen Organisationen und die Förderung der Waldausbreitung an sich, betont sie hauptsächlich die negativen Punkte. Die zwei wichtigsten Beschwerden sind, dass die vorgeschlagenen Masssnahmen ungenügend sind um die Umweltprobleme in Landund Forstwirtschaft zu lösen und dass die vorgeschlagenen Massnahmen teilweise für die Verbesserung der Naturwerte ungünstig sind. Im allgemeinem plädiert die Naturbewegung einerseits für einen expliziten Schutz einer Reihe von extensiven landwirtschaftlichen Gebieten und andererseits für eine "geplante Waldausbreitung". Bestimmte Bedingungen vorausgesetzt kann Wald ausbreitung auch mit schnellwachsenden Baumarten und eben Holzplantagen sind annehmbar. Alle Aufforstungen sollen jedoch unter Berücksichtigung eigener Kriterien für nachhaltige Aufforstung und nachhaltige Forstwirtschaft geschehen. Die flämische Regierung hat in grossem Mass Verständnisse für die Naturschutzbewegung. Sie strebt den Anbau von ökologisch wertvollen Wäldern an und in fraglichen Fällen holt sie dabei ein Gutachten der Abteilung Natur ein.
Aboveground biomass of Pinus halepensis Mill. forests in the Kassandra Peninsula - Chalkidiki
Authors: Smiris P. , Maris F. , Vitoris K. , Stamou N. , Kalambokidis K. 
Published: July 2016

Pinus halepensis occupies a large area of Mediterranean coastal forests. Kassandra Peninsula Pinus halepensis forests could be characterized as the representative forests in the Mediterranean. These forests are very important, due to their vicinity to urban and coastal areas. The knowledge of biomass distribution in these forests will help with the correct time and space planning, in order to fulfil the multifunctional management of ecosystems (wood production, water, forest protection, recreation etc.).
Distribution of soil moisture content and its effect on the potential growth of the over-story species in North-East Chalkidiki
Authors: Aslanidou M. , Smiris P. 
Published: July 2016

This study deals with the soil moisture distribution and its effect on the potential growth and adaptation of the over-story species in north-east Chalkidiki. These species are: Quercus dalechampii Ten, Quercus conferta Kit, Quercus pubescens Willd, Castanea sativa Mill, Fagus moesiaca Maly-Domin and also Taxus baccata L. in mixed stands with Fagus moesiaca. Samples of soil, 1-2 kg per 20cm depth, were taken and the moisture content of each sample was measured in order to determine soil moisture distribution and its contribution to the growth of the forest species. The most important results are: i) available water is influenced by the soil depth. During the summer, at a soil depth of 10 cm a significant restriction was observed. ii) the large duration of the dry period in the deep soil layers has less adverse effect on stands growth than in the case of the soil surface layers, due to the fact that the root system mainly spreads out at a soil depth of 40 cm iii) in the beginning of the growing season, the soil moisture content is greater than 30 % at a soil depth of 60 cm, in beech and mixed beech-yew stands, is 10-15 % in the Q. pubescens stands and it's more than 30 % at a soil depth of 60 cm in Q. dalechampii stands.
Long Term Plan Forestry and Action Plan Forestry in Flanders
Authors: Lust N. , Nachtergale L. , Serbruyns I. 
Published: July 2016

In Flanders, the first serious regulations to set up a "National Forest Program" (NFP) were taken by the Forest Act in 1990. Consequently, a comprehensive scientific study and analysis of the forest and forest policy were carried out. A first Action Plan Forestry was drawn up in 1994, but it never got a legal character. The Flemish Environmental Policy Plan of 1977 insisted to set up an Action Plan Forestry. In 1998 the Flemish Forest Service launched two documents: the "Long Term Plan Forestry" and the "Action Plan Forestry". Together they were considered as the Flemish National Forest Program, in accordance with the recommendations of the International Panel on Forestry. However, although approved by several advice committees, these documents have never been legally approved. The Long Term Plan Forestry is based on four touchstones: sustainability, multiple use, international developments and commitments, and social support. In this frame four key notions are distinguished: forest maintenance quantitatively, forest maintenance qualitatively, forest extension, and integrated task fulfillment. To concretize this plan an Action Plan Forestry with 29 actions and 19 regulating initiatives was launched. The objectives of both action plans were only partly implemented. The too ambitious program was probably the most important reason. The great challenge in Flanders is to legally approve an NFP. It is clear that such a program can only be approved when its ambitions are not too high, so that the interest of other sectors are not directly threatened. The value of such a minimal NFP is, however, very limited. Therefore it is probably better to draw up regularly an ambitious, actualized and well founded forestry document, which is not legally approved, but with a high moral value.
Adózás, megtakarítás, hatékonyság I.
Authors: Erdős Tibor 
Published: July 2016

Jelen cikk a gazdaságpolitika megtakarításokra gyakorolt hatásával foglalkozik zárt gazdaságot feltételezve. Az adópolitika magán megtakarításokra gyakorolt hatásánál arra a következtetésre jutunk, hogy améltányossági elv gyakran ütközik a megtakarításokat ösztönző politikai szándékkal. Részletesen elemezzük a vállalatok megtakarításaival kapcsolatban a nyereségadó és az amortizációs szabályok beruházásokat befolyásoló szerepét. Az államháztartás megtakarításánál számba vesszük a mérési problémákat, és hogy az államháztartás megtakarításainak változása milyen esetekben lenne képes makroszinten befolyásolni a megtakarítások arányát, és ezzel elősegíteni a gazdasági növekedést.
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: E 21, E 22, E 62, H24, H25
Does Motivational Orientation Impact the Effectiveness of Incentive Contracts?
Authors: Reichert Bernhard E. , Woods Alexander 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Research in psychology has identified that individuals have two distinct neurologically based motivational systems. One system is the behavioral activation system (BAS), which activates individual motivation in response to signals of reward in order to “achieve success.” The second system is the behavioral inhibition system (BIS), which activates motivation in response to signals of goal conflict in order to “avoid failure.” We predict and find that a stronger, rather than weaker, BIS attenuates the positive effect of sensitive performance measures on performance. In contrast, the BAS does not moderate the effect of performance measure sensitivity on performance.
Floroquinone induces apoptosis and inhibits carcinoma growth in mouse tumor xenograft model of anaplastic thyroid cancer
Authors: Zhao Li-Na , Chen Li-Bo , Hao Xiu-Hua , Hu Zhang , Zhang Jing , Zhang Chun-Hai 
Published: July 2016

<p class="Abstract">In the present study, effects of floroquinone on anaplastic thyroid cancer cell lines and mouse tumor xenografts were investigated. Increase in the concentration of floroquinone from 10 to 100 µM reduced the cell growth from 98 to 17% after 48 hours in HOTHC cells. Similarly, in FRO cells growth rate was found to be 96 and 21%, respectively at 10 and 100 µM concentra-tions of floroquinone. Western blot analysis showed a marked reduction in Bcl-2 expression and increased in Bax, caspase-3 and cleaved PARP expre-ssion in HOTHC cell lines on treatment with floroquinone. Floroquinone treatment of the HOTHC cells led to inhibition of the cobalt chloride-induced increase in the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor expression. In HOTHC cells, floroquinone treatment inhibited the tube formation and migration potential significantly compared to control cells. Treatment of the mouse bearing HOTHC tumor xenograft with 50 and 100 mg/kg doses of floroquinone alternatively for one month reduced the tumor volume to 48 and 17%, respectively compared to the control. Thus, floroquinone effectively inhibits growth of thyroid cancer and can be used for its treatment.</p><p><strong>Video Clip</strong>:</p><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/sub0JQlrffc">Migration assay</a>: 1 min 09 sec</p><p> </p>
THE FIRST DETECTIONS OF THE KEY PREBIOTIC MOLECULE PO IN STAR-FORMING REGIONS
Authors: Rivilla V. M. , Fontani F. , Beltrán M. T. , Vasyunin A. , Caselli P. , Martín-Pintado J. , Cesaroni R. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Phosphorus is a crucial element in biochemistry, in particular the P−O bond, which is key in the formation of the backbone of deoxyribonucleic acid. So far, PO has only been detected toward the envelope of evolved stars, but never toward star-forming regions. We report the first detection of PO toward two massive star-forming regions, W51 e1/e2 and W3(OH), using data from the IRAM 30 m telescope. PN has also been detected toward the two regions. The abundance ratio PO/PN is 1.8 and 3 for W51 and W3(OH), respectively. Our chemical model indicates that the two molecules are chemically related and are formed via gas-phase ion–molecule and neutral–neutral reactions during cold collapse. The molecules freeze out onto grains at the end of the collapse and desorb during the warm-up phase once the temperature reaches ∼35 K. Similar abundances of the two species are expected during a period of ∼5 × 104 yr at the early stages of the warm-up phase, when the temperature is in the range 35–90 K. The observed molecular abundances of 10−10 are predicted by the model if a relatively high initial abundance of 5 × 10−9 of depleted phosphorus is assumed.
THE IMPACT OF SURFACE TEMPERATURE INHOMOGENEITIES ON QUIESCENT NEUTRON STAR RADIUS MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Elshamouty K. G. , Heinke C. O. , Morsink S. M. , Bogdanov S. , Stevens A. L. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Fitting the thermal X-ray spectra of neutron stars (NSs) in quiescent X-ray binaries can constrain the masses and radii of NSs. The effect of undetected hot spots on the spectrum, and thus on the inferred NS mass and radius, has not yet been explored for appropriate atmospheres and spectra. A hot spot would harden the observed spectrum, so that spectral modeling tends to infer radii that are too small. However, a hot spot may also produce detectable pulsations. We simulated the effects of a hot spot on the pulsed fraction and spectrum of the quiescent NSs X5 and X7 in the globular cluster 47 Tucanae, using appropriate spectra and beaming for hydrogen atmosphere models, incorporating special and general relativistic effects, and sampling a range of system angles. We searched for pulsations in archival Chandra HRC-S observations of X5 and X7, placing 90% confidence upper limits on their pulsed fractions below 16%. We use these pulsation limits to constrain the temperature differential of any hot spots, and to then constrain the effects of possible hot spots on the X-ray spectrum and the inferred radius from spectral fitting. We find that hot spots below our pulsation limit could bias the spectroscopically inferred radius downward by up to 28%. For Cen X-4 (which has deeper published pulsation searches), an undetected hot spot could bias its inferred radius downward by up to 10%. Improving constraints on pulsations from quiescent LMXBs may be essential for progress in constraining their radii.
MAGNETIC FIELD IN ATYPICAL PROMINENCE STRUCTURES: BUBBLE, TORNADO, AND ERUPTION
Authors: Levens P. J. , Schmieder B. , López Ariste A. , Labrosse N. , Dalmasse K. , Gelly B. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Spectropolarimetric observations of prominences have been obtained with the THEMIS telescope during four years of coordinated campaigns. Our aim is now to understand the conditions of the cool plasma and magnetism in “atypical” prominences, namely when the measured inclination of the magnetic field departs, to some extent, from the predominantly horizontal field found in “typical” prominences. What is the role of the magnetic field in these prominence types? Are plasma dynamics more important in these cases than the magnetic support? We focus our study on three types of “atypical” prominences (tornadoes, bubbles, and jet-like prominence eruptions) that have all been observed by THEMIS in the He i D3 line, from which the Stokes parameters can be derived. The magnetic field strength, inclination, and azimuth in each pixel are obtained by using the inversion method of principal component analysis on a model of single scattering in the presence of the Hanle effect. The magnetic field in tornadoes is found to be more or less horizontal, whereas for the eruptive prominence it is mostly vertical. We estimate a tendency toward higher values of magnetic field strength inside the bubbles than outside in the surrounding prominence. In all of the models in our database, only one magnetic field orientation is considered for each pixel. While sufficient for most of the main prominence body, this assumption appears to be oversimplified in atypical prominence structures. We should consider these observations as the result of superposition of multiple magnetic fields, possibly even with a turbulent field component.
Les Temps d’Activités Périscolaires (TAP) : expérience scolaire et compétences transversales développées par les élèves
Authors: Espinosa Gaelle , Barthélemy Véronique , Dejaiffe Benoit 
Published: July 2016

Cet article a pour objectif de contribuer à une meilleure connaissance des compétences transversales développées par les élèves lors des Temps d’Activités Périscolaires (TAP). Dans un paradigme compréhensif, nous avons conduit une enquête à la fois quantitative et qualitative auprès d’enfants d’une école primaire de la Meuse. Cet article se centre sur l’étude de trois compétences transversales, d’ordre cognitif, social et socio-affectif : la compréhension et l’adaptation à une nouvelle organisation (incluant les stratégies de choix d’activités), les socialisations et sociabilités juvéniles et le rapport aux adultes. Nos résultats montrent que les TAP proposent de nouvelles modalités d’organisation ou de relations susceptibles d’influencer les attitudes et comportements des élèves en classe et à l’école, permettent le développement de compétences, dont certaines sont transversales à la classe et l’école, et sont constitutifs de l’expérience scolaire des élèves.
Désordres dans la troisième dimension. Un cheminement entre formation et interdisciplinarité, témoignage de Jean-Claude André
Authors: André Jean-Claude 
Published: July 2016

L’émergence de procédés de fabrication additive au travers de la stéréo-lithographie laser sert de fil conducteur à cet article. Quand la situation de liberté des chercheurs le permet, la créativité peut conduire à des innovations technologiques. La pression liée à la compétitivité est un stimulant pour la fabrication additive mais tous les champs applicatifs ne sont pas couverts et de nombreux progrès sont encore à faire sur un thème où la créativité et l’interdisciplinarité sont à soutenir. Mais est-ce possible avec le « New Public Management » ?
RasGRP1 and RasGRP3 Are Required for Efficient Generation of Early Thymic Progenitors
Authors: Golec Dominic P. , Henao Caviedes Laura M. , Baldwin Troy A. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
T cell development is dependent on the migration of progenitor cells from the bone marrow to the thymus. Upon reaching the thymus, progenitors undergo a complex developmental program that requires inputs from various highly conserved signaling pathways including the Notch and Wnt pathways. To date, Ras signaling has not been implicated in the very earliest stages of T cell differentiation, but members of a family of Ras activators called RasGRPs have been shown to be involved at multiple stages of T cell development. We examined early T cell development in mice lacking RasGRP1, RasGRP3, and RasGRPs 1 and 3. We report that RasGRP1- and RasGRP3-deficient thymi show significantly reduced numbers of early thymic progenitors (ETPs) relative to wild type thymi. Furthermore, RasGRP1/3 double-deficient thymi show significant reductions in ETP numbers compared with either RasGRP1 or RasGRP3 single-deficient thymi, suggesting that both RasGRP1 and RasGRP3 regulate the generation of ETPs. In addition, competitive bone marrow chimera experiments reveal that RasGRP1/3 double-deficient progenitors intrinsically generate ETPs less efficiently than wild type progenitors. Finally, RasGRP1/3-deficient progenitors show impaired migration toward the CCR9 ligand, CCL25, suggesting that RasGRP1 and RasGRP3 may regulate progenitor entry into the thymus through a CCR9-dependent mechanism. These data demonstrate that, in addition to Notch and Wnt, the highly conserved Ras pathway is critical for the earliest stages of T cell development and further highlight the importance of Ras signaling during thymocyte maturation.
Izobraževalni vidiki človeškega zdravja v odraslosti
Authors: Gaweł Anna 
Published: July 2016

Članek obravnava tematiko zdravja v izobraževanju odraslih. Izhodišče razprave je sodobno pojmovanje zdravja, ki se uveljavlja v družbenih vedah in se razume kot fizična, psihosocialna in duhovna dobrobit. Poudarjena je tudi misel, da je zdravje proces in da zdravstveno stanje določajo tako subjektivni kot okoljski dejavniki. To odpira vrata teoriji salutogeneze, povezani s prepričanjem, da je zdravje mogoče izboljšati s pomočjo zdravstvene vzgoje in promocije zdravja. Koncept okoljskih in socio-kulturnih dejavnikov, ki odločajo o zdravju in vprašanja, ki se nanašajo na z zdravjem povezani vidik kakovosti življenja, so tudi uporabljeni kot referenčni okvir in teoretska podlaga za to pedagoško razpravo o zdravju kot predmetu izobraževanja odraslih.
Zgodbe o ustvarjalnem učenju med utopijo in vsakdanjostjo
Authors: Ličen Nives 
Published: July 2016

Inovacije, ki vključujejo človeka kot telesno in duhovno bitje ter izhajajo iz prepleta zavestnega in nezavednega, so nujne, če želimo razvijati trajnostno in pravično kulturo kot protiutež divjemu potrošništvu. Temu sledi tudi učenje. Od mehanicističnih pristopov prenosa informacij se premikamo v smer iskanja dialoga pri upravljanju informacij v prostoru in času. Od izobraževanja kot prenosa znanja se gibljemo v smeri ustvarjanja znanja in pomenov ter kritične refleksije. Pregled sodobnih odnosov v tako imenovanem razvitem svetu kaže, da o življenju prepogosto razmišljamo skozi prizmo monokulture finančnih trgov, ki med ljudmi ustvarja take odnose kot med potrošniki in trgovci. Monokultura je postala tako močna, da tudi o učenju razmišljamo kot o dejavnosti prodaje in nakupa ter nadvlade posameznih skupin (ki lahko prodajajo znanje) nad drugimi skupinami