bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Migrants from marginal dry areas in Syria: destinations, employment, and returns
Authors: Abdelali-Martini Malika , Ibrahim Kindah , Dhehibi Boubaker 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
We examine the determinants of migrants’ choices of destination, employment, and remittances from one of the poorest marginal dry areas in Syria. Qualitative and econometric analysis of cross-sectional data indicates that migrants’ choices depend mainly on individual, household, and community characteristics and also on availability of opportunities. The main factors affecting the choice of destination and employment are the sending area, age, and sex of migrants, while the educational level had no significant effect in both cases. The larger the endowments of migrants’ households, the higher the remittances sent back home to preserve households’ assets in marginal dry areas.
Effect of diclofenac suppository on pain control during flexible cystoscopy-A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Nadeem Mehwash , Ather M Hammad 
Published: December 2016

TRIAL DESIGN: To compare the difference in pain score during flexible cystoscopy between patients undergoing the procedure with plain lubricating gel only and plain gel with diclofenac suppository in a randomized control trial. METHODS: A total of 60 male patients with an indication of flexible cystoscopy were enrolled in a prospective, randomized controlled study. Patients were randomized in two groups. In group “A”, patients received diclofenac suppository one hour prior to the procedure while group “B” did not receive diclofenac suppository. Both groups received 10 ml of intra-urethral plain gel for lubrication during flexible cystoscopy. Pain score was recorded immediately after the procedure using the visual analogue scale (VAS). Pre- and post-procedure pulse rate and systolic blood pressure was also recorded. Statistical analyses were performed using chi-square test and student t-test. Regression analysis was performed to address the confounding variables. RESULTS: Both groups were comparable for variables including age, duration of procedure, level of operating surgeon and indication of procedure. Most common indication for flexible cystoscopy was removal of double J stent. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean pain score between two groups (p = 0.012). The difference in post-procedure mean pulse rate in the two groups was statistically significant (p= 0.01) however there was no difference observed in mean post procedure systolic blood pressure. Regression analysis showed that none of the confounding variables were significantly affecting pain perception. CONCLUSIONS: Intra rectal diclofenac suppository is simple and effective pre-emptive analgesia. We recommend its routine use during flexible cystoscopy for better pain control.
SYSTEM APPROACH BASED INVESTIGATION OF PRODUCTION AND ENGINEERING COMPANY MANAGEMENT
Authors: Коновалова Галина , Konovalova Galina 
Published: December 2016

Today at engineering companies there is the fol-lowing problem: the inconsistency in management decision-making causing high production costs, a longer duration of a production cycle and a nonobservance of timing of orders. To solve this problem the author of this paper has analyzed with system positions produc-tion and management at an engineering company. A system model is offered, there is described an enlarged structure, hierarchy and kinds of ends, a functional model of engineering company management is formed. In the functional model there are presented functions of a company, production and information flows. In the management scheme of a company there are formulated strategies, ends and indices of efficiency in the field of investigations and developments, finances, marketing, production. A production strategy, budget and orders connect the scheme of company management and the scheme of production management. In the scheme of production management there is located a development of processes for decision-making support, scheduling, online planning, production control, material procurement, resources control, servicing management, company shipments. The scheme of production management has two levels: a company level and a workshop one. Functions of online production planning at a company level provide the formation of a production program, plan-schedules of manufacturing products, parts, units, material requirements, manhours, production costs. Functions of on-line production planning at the workshop level ensure the formation of production schedule and working up urgent plan tasks for production sections (brigades).
The influence of external and internal factors upon management system formation is described. The technical solutions offered are introduced at the closed company of “UK “Bryansk Engineering Plant” and have a universal character and may be used at all engineering companies of the country.
COLLEGES OF BRYANSK REGION AS RESOURCE OF ITS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF “TRIPLE HELIX” CONCEPT
Authors: Петрухина Наталья , Petrukhina Natalya 
Published: December 2016

Problems and potentialities of innovation system development in the Bryansk region by means of the activation of business and college interaction are analyzed. The topicality of the idea of college transformation into valuable participants of an innovation process which, on the one hand, function as institutions for personnel training with higher professional education, and, on the other hand, - as offices causing a formation, introduction and diffusion of novelty (innovation) is estimated.
Furthermore, there are pointed out those branches of economy of a region which have pre-conditions for innovation development with college participation. As a significant tool for an innovation development activation there is considered an intra-elite rotation between three sectors: business, college environment and power.
The intra-elite rotation is considered as follows: as the means of balancing authority and liabilities of actors; as a mechanism of elite circulation between actors supposing their development, as increase of their competence; as social-management technology; as an additional mechanism formed according to the principle of a feedback between actors.
The intra-elite rotation is considered as one of the urgent and efficient means of innovation economy development in case of the insufficient integration of “triple helix” actors and also a low communication potential of actors.
Contagion in Financial Networks: A Threat Index
Authors: Demange Gabrielle 
Published: December 2016

This paper proposes to measure the spillover effects that cross liabilities generate on the magnitude of default in a system of financially linked institutions. Based on a simple model and an explicit criterion—the aggregate debt repayments—the measure is defined for each institution, affected by its characteristics and links to others. These measures—one for each institution—summarize relevant information on the interaction between the liabilities structure and the shocks to resources, and they can be useful to determine optimal intervention policies. The approach is illustrated to evaluate the consolidated foreign claims of 10 European Union countries. This paper was accepted by Amit Seru, finance.
Optimal Patent Protection: A Macroeconomic Perspective
Authors: Meng Samuel 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The need to balance the positive and negative effects of patent monopoly is at the heart of design and reform of the patent system. However, by scrutinizing prior studies on optimal patent design, this paper has found that the basis for this balanced approach is flawed. Furthermore, a macroeconomic analysis of the patent system confirms that there is no trade-off in patent protection, unless the patent system generates only marginal negative effects. The implication of this finding is that a new patent system design is needed to stimulate innovation directly while minimizing deadweight loss.
Determining the appropriate model complexity for patient-specific advice on mechanical ventilation
Authors: Rees Stephen E. , Karbing Dan S. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMathematical physiological models can be applied in medical decision support systems. To do so requires consideration of the necessary model complexity. Models that simulate changes in the individual patient are required, meaning that models should have a complexity where parameters can be uniquely identified at the bedside from clinical data and where the models adequately represent the individual patient’s (patho)physiology. This paper describes the models included in a system for providing decision support for mechanical ventilation. Models of pulmonary gas exchange, respiratory mechanics, acid-base, and respiratory control are described. The parameters of these models are presented along with the necessary clinical data required for their estimation and the parameter estimation process. In doing so, the paper highlights the need for simple, minimal models for application at the bedside, directed toward well-defined clinical problems.
Analytical tools for determination of new oral antidiabetic drugs, glitazones, gliptins, gliflozins and glinides, in bulk materials, pharmaceuticals and biological samples
Authors: Gumieniczek Anna , Berecka Anna 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe review presents analytical methods for determination of new oral drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), focusing on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists (glitazones), dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (gliptins) and sodium/glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (gliflozins). Drugs derived from prandial glucose regulators, such as glinides, are considered because they are present in some new therapeutic options. The review presents analytical procedures suitable for determination of the drugs in bulk substances, such as pharmaceuticals and biological samples, including HPLC-UV, HPLC/LC-MS, TLC/HPTLC, CE/CE-MS, spectrophotometric (UV/VIS), spectrofluorimetric and electrochemical methods, taken from the literature over the past ten years (2006-2016). Some new procedures for extraction, separation and detection of the drugs, including solid phase extraction with molecularly imprinted polymers (SPE-MIP), liquid phase microextraction using porous hollow fibers (HP-LPME), HILIC chromatography, micellar mobile phases, ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) and isotopically labeled internal standards, are discussed.
Development and validation of a new spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of some beta-blockers through fluorescence quenching of eosin Y. Application to content uniformity test
Authors: Derayea Sayed M , Omar Mahmoud A , Abdel-Lateef Mohamed Aboel-Kasem , Hassan Ahmed I. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA simple, rapid, sensitive and economic spectrofluorimetric method has been developed and validated for determination of some β-adrenergic blocking agents namely; betaxolol hydrochloride (BTX), carvedilol (CAR), labetalol hydrochloride (LBT), nebivolol hydrochloride (NEB) and propranolol hydrochloride (PRO). The method is based on the quenching effect of the cited drugs on the fluorescence intensity of eosin Y at pH 3.4 (acetate buffer). The fluorescence quenching is due to the formation of an ion-pair complex and was measured without extraction at 545 nm (λex. 301.5 nm). The factors affecting the formation of the ion-pair complex were carefully studied and optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the linear ranges for the relationship between the fluorescence quenching value and the concentration of the investigated drugs were 100-2500, 150-2500 and 50-2250 ng mL-1for (BTX, CAR), (LBT, NEB) and (PRO) respectively. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines and was applied for determination of the cited drugs in pharmaceutical dosage forms with excellent recoveries. In addition, content uniformity testing of some commercial dosage forms was checked by the proposed method.
Finding ordinary meaning in law: The judge, the dictionary or the corpus?
Authors: Solan Lawrence M. , Gales Tammy 
Published: December 2016

AbstractCourts in the U.S. frequently apply a rule of statutory construction that calls for the words in laws to be given their “ordinary meaning.” The rule is based on the presumption that legislatures are most likely to have intended the language to be understood in their ordinary sense and on the value that people subject to such laws will more likely comprehend the rights and obligations granted to them. Courts are not, however, in accord when it comes to determining which of a term’s available meanings is the “ordinary” one. This article describes three methods for making this determination: the judge’s linguistic intuitions, dictionary definitions, and reference to linguistic corpora. We argue that the use of corpus analysis enhances the legal system’s ability to rely on actual distributional facts about word usage, thus enhancing the accuracy of ordinary meaning analysis.We apply the three methods to a case pending before the U.S. Supreme Court,Shaw v. United States, at the time this article is written. The issue inShawis whether the expression “defraud a financial institution” applies to a situation in which the defendant tricked a bank into releasing to him the funds of another depositor, when the bank suffered no loss. We look first at linguistic literature based largely on intuition, then at dictionary definitions, and finally at a corpus. Examining hundreds of examples from the Corpus of Historical English (COHA) developed at Brigham Young University, we find that the verb “defraud” is virtually always used to describe a situation in which the object of the fraud is also the target of the ultimate loss.Analyses based on the intuitions of linguists and on dictionary definitions are consistent with this result, although less robust. We conclude that if the Court wishes to be faithful to the ordinary meaning of the statutory language, it should rule that the statute does not apply to this situation.
Public prosecutors in the Chinese criminal trial – courtroom discourse from the prosecution perspective
Authors: Fu Xin 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe prosecutor is an influential party in criminal justice systems, and this is true also of China. But most literature on China concentrates on the trial and criminal defence with comparatively little attention paid to the prosecution perspective. In this article, I make use of research data collected through courtroom observations, case file analysis and interviews when the Criminal Procedural Law of the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter the “CPL 1996”) was still effective. Given that the CPL 1996 was revised in 2012, I updated the research data in early 2016. This paper focuses on the public prosecutors’ performance in the courtroom at the various stages of the process such as the courtroom investigation – production, examination and cross-examination of prosecution evidence, and courtroom debate; it analyzes both prosecution language and skills, and the court’s judgment. The paper also discusses the potential impact of the CPL 2012 on criminal prosecutions. The research findings show that prosecutors performed their responsibilities in the criminal proceedings whatever methods of questioning the defendant and evidence production are used; prosecutors tried their best to achieve the goal of conviction even with weak cases; and the decisions of the court mostly reflected the decisions of the procuratorate.
Dependency of Advanced Oxidation Performance on the Contaminated Water Feed Mode for Ozonation Combined with Electrolysis Using a Two-compartment Electrolytic Flow Cell
Authors: Kishimoto Naoyuki 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe effect of the contaminated water feed mode on advanced oxidation performance, for a combined system, using ozonation with electrolysis (ozone-electrolysis) in a two-compartment electrolytic flow cell, was discussed for ozone injection to the cathodic compartment of the cell. When ozone-electrolysis was applied, removal of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) proceeded in the cathodic compartment. The overall COD removal rate increased with the increase in current density for direct feed of contaminated water to the anodic compartment (DFA mode). However, the overall COD removal rate decreased at high current density for direct feed to the cathodic compartment (DFC mode), although the overall performance for the DFC mode was better than the DFA mode. The difference in the dependency of the performance on current density was determined to be due to the difference in the advanced oxidation mechanisms for each mode.
Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production from Diacids and Their Decomposition Over Mixtures of TiO2 and Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Ahmmad Bashir , Kusumoto Yoshihumi , Ikeda Miyuki , Somekawa Shouichi , Horie Yuji 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe photocatalytic hydrogen production from aqueous solutions of two diacids, i.e., oxalic acid and fumaric acid, was performed using the mixtures of TiO
Ferric Reduction and Oxalate Mineralization with Fered-Fenton Method
Authors: Liu Cheng-Hong , Huang Yao-Hui , Chen Hung-Ta , Lu Ming-Chun 
Published: December 2016

AbstractOxalic acid is common used in industry. It is also found to be the main reaction product in many advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), especially in the Fenton degradation process. In light, it may be mineralized via Fe(III)-catalyzed photoreaction (i.e. Photo-Fenton reaction). In this study, we found a novel electrochemical oxidation reaction called Fered-Fenton method to mineralize oxalic acid. We investigated the effects of anion and cathode material on the mineralization of oxalate. It was found that Ti-DSA cathode and ferric chloride solution showed the better results than those cathodes made of stainless steel and solutions prepared by ferric sulfate and ferric nitrate. COD could be completely removed in 3 hours when used Ti-DSA cathode and 30 mM ferric chloride solution to treat 20 mM oxalate. On the other hand, only 91% COD could be removed when used stainless steel net cathode instead of Ti-DSA one, and only 55% COD removal was obtained when further used ferric sulfate instead of ferric chloride. We also found that COD and TOC removals made little difference when reduced ferric chloride concentration from 30 mM to 6.67 mM. It could reduce the reagent cost of Fered-Fenton method.
Inactivation of Waterborne Pathogens Using Solar Photocatalysis
Authors: Guísar Raúl , Herrera Mónica I. , Bandala Erick R. , García Juan L. , Corona- Vasquez Benito 
Published: December 2016

AbstractCryptosporidium parvum oocysts and helminth eggs are among the waterborne pathogens that resist the most to traditional chemical disinfection processes. Since the application of high doses of chlorine, ozone or other chemical disinfectant is not possible in practice because of the subsequent formation of disinfection byproducts, alternative processes for water disinfection have been investigated. This study investigated the potential of catalyzed-solar radiation to control the occurrence of C. parvum oocysts and helminth eggs in drinking water and wastewater, respectively. Bacillus subtilis spores were used as surrogate microorganisms for C. parvum oocysts. Experimental results indicate that 1.5 hours of exposure to ~1 sun-intensity solar radiation, in the presence of 5 mM ferrous ion and 70 mM hydrogen peroxide, decrease egg and spore viability by 49 and 96 percent, respectively. These results suggest that solar photocatalysis may represent an effective and economic alternative for water disinfection in rural communities and for developing countries.
Micro-pore Ceramic Filter and UV System as Ballast Water Treatment: Preliminary Study on Chlorella Removal and Bacteria Inactivation
Authors: Zhang Manxia , Xu Ningwei , Li Chang li , Wang Yatong , Zhu Yimin 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA combination system of micro-pore ceramic filtration and UV radiation was built up for ballast water treatment. Two treatment methods, single micro-pore ceramic filtration and micro-pore filtration and UV radiation, were studied in the research, respectively. Chlorella removal rates and total oceanic bacteria inactivation rates were measured at different flow rates (0.6 ~ 4.7 m
Treatment of Industrial Cork Processing Water by Ozonation and Ozone Based Advanced Oxidation Processes (O3/UV and O3/H2O2) in a Bubble Column Reactor
Authors: Lan Bing Yan , Nigmatullin Rinat , Puma Gianluca Li 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe treatment of industrial cork-processing water at natural pH (6.45) by ozonation alone and ozone based advanced oxidation processes (O
The medial temporal lobe epilepsy is a bilateral disease – novel aspects
Authors: Halász Péter 
Published: December 2016

SummaryIntroduction.Medial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is the most frequent form of epilepsy in adulthood. It is classified as local/regional epilepsy. However, there is increasing evidence of the involvement of both temporal lobes and this provides abundant arguments to question this view, and consider MTLE as one of the typical bilateral system epilepsies.Aim.To provide a contemporary review of medial temporal lobe epilepsy, discussing the bilateral aspects, with reference to epilepsy surgery.Methods.A literature review and a resume of the author’s own experiences with MTLE patients.Results.Recent electrophysiological and neuroimaging data provide convincing data supporting that MTLE is a bilateral disease. The uni-and bilateral features form a continuum and the participation rate of the two temporal lobes determine course and surgical perspective of the individual patient.Conclusions.The contradictory data of invasive presurgical evaluations of MTLE patients suggest that there need to identify further indicatory markers of bilaterality and thus change the presurgical evaluation from the non-invasive towards the invasive ways. The mechanisms of the interrelationship between the two temporal lobes in MTLE warrants further research.
Numerical modelling of two-layer shallow water flow in microtidal salt-wedge estuaries: Finite volume solver and field validation
Authors: Krvavica Nino , Kožar Ivica , Travaš Vanja , Ožanić Nevenka 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
A finite volume model for two-layer shallow water flow in microtidal salt-wedge estuaries is presented in this work. The governing equations are a coupled system of shallow water equations with source terms accounting for irregular channel geometry and shear stress at the bed and interface between the layers. To solve this system we applied the Q-scheme of Roe with suitable treatment of source terms, coupling terms, and wet-dry fronts. The proposed numerical model is explicit in time, shock-capturing and it satisfies the extended conservation property for water at rest. The model was validated by comparing the steady-state solutions against a known arrested salt-wedge model and by comparing both steady-state and time-dependant solutions against field observations in Rječina Estuary in Croatia. When the interfacial friction factor λi was chosen correctly, the agreement between numerical results and field observations was satisfactory.