bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inner nuclear membrane protein Lem2 augments heterochromatin formation in response to nutritional conditions
Authors: Tange Yoshie , Chikashige Yuji , Takahata Shinya , Kawakami Kei , Higashi Masato , Mori Chie , Kojidani Tomoko , Hirano Yasuhiro , Asakawa Haruhiko , Murakami Yota , Haraguchi Tokuko , Hiraoka Yasushi 
Published: June 2016

Inner nuclear membrane proteins interact with chromosomes in the nucleus and are important for chromosome activity. Lem2 and Man1 are conserved members of the LEM‐domain nuclear membrane protein family. Mutations of LEM‐domain proteins are associated with laminopathy, but their cellular functions remain unclear. Here, we report that Lem2 maintains genome stability in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. S. pombe cells disrupted for the lem2+ gene (lem2∆) showed slow growth and increased rate of the minichromosome loss. These phenotypes were prominent in the rich culture medium, but not in the minimum medium. Centromeric heterochromatin formation was augmented upon transfer to the rich medium in wild‐type cells. This augmentation of heterochromatin formation was impaired in lem2∆ cells. Notably, lem2∆ cells occasionally exhibited spontaneous duplication of genome sequences flanked by the long‐terminal repeats of retrotransposons. The resulting duplication of the lnp1+ gene, which encodes an endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein, suppressed lem2∆ phenotypes, whereas the lem2∆ lnp1∆ double mutant showed a severe growth defect. A combination of mutations in Lem2 and Bqt4, which encodes a nuclear membrane protein that anchors telomeres to the nuclear membrane, caused synthetic lethality. These genetic interactions imply that Lem2 cooperates with the nuclear membrane protein network to regulate genome stability.
A comparative evaluation of Eosin‐5′‐maleimide flow cytometry reveals a high diagnostic efficacy for hereditary spherocytosis
Authors: Joshi P. , Aggarwal A. , Jamwal M. , Sachdeva M. U. S. , Bansal D. , Malhotra P. , Sharma P. , Das R. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryIntroductionLaboratory diagnosis of hereditary spherocytosis (HS) relies on increased incubated red cell osmotic fragility test for screening. We evaluated the diagnostic role of eosin‐5′‐maleimide (EMA) binding test by flow cytometry in spherocytic and microcytic hypochromic hematological disorders in North Indians.MethodsEMA binding test using flow cytometry was performed on 55 HS (40 families), 26 iron deficiency anemia (IDA), 32 β‐thalassemia trait (βTT), and 10 autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) cases and 121 normals. Mean channel fluorescence (MCF) and coefficient of variation (CV) were studied. Different MCF parameters (MCF, MCF ratio, percent decrease MCF) and percent increase in CV were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristics analysis was performed to determine best cutoff values, sensitivity, and specificity for discriminating HS from other red cell disorders.ResultsMCF ratio of HS group was significantly lower than normals (0.67 ± 0.07 vs. 1.01 ± 0.05, P < 0.001) and other cases. All patients with HS showed MCF ratio to be ≤0.79. Four postsplenectomy cases with near‐normal hemograms also revealed low MCF ratio, showing the specificity of the test.ConclusionsEMA assay was efficient to diagnose cases of HS including postsplenectomy cases and shows no overlap with IDA, βTT, and AIHA.
The significance of peripheral blood minimal residual disease to predict early disease response in patients with B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Setiadi A. , Owen D. , Tsang A. , Milner R. , Vercauteren S. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryIntroductionMinimal residual disease (MRD) assessment in the bone marrow (BM) postinduction therapy is now standard of care in patients with B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL). We examined the use of peripheral blood as a less invasive means of MRD assessment at days 8 and 15 of induction therapy and established the cutoff level that would allow the most accurate prediction of BM MRD postinduction therapy.MethodsMRD analysis was performed using 5‐color flow cytometry on BM and PB samples from 77 B‐ALL patients. BM MRD at diagnosis and day 29 of induction therapy was analyzed using the following antibody combinations: CD45‐PC5/CD19‐PC7/CD20‐PE/CD10‐ECD/CD38‐FITC/CD13 + CD33‐PE/CD10‐ECD/CD34‐FITC. PB MRD at days 8 and 15 was determined using CD45‐PC5/CD19‐PC7/CD20‐ECD/CD10‐PE/CD34‐FITC.ResultsDay 8 and day 15 PB MRD levels were significantly higher in patients who had persistent BM MRD at day 29. PB MRD <0.01% at day 8 and/or day 15 predicted negative day 29 BM MRD status with 100% sensitivity but poor specificity. ROC curve analysis showed that day 15 PB MRD level of 0.1% yielded the highest sensitivity (78%) and specificity (82%).ConclusionsPB MRD cutoff level of 0.1% at day 15 has the best predictive value in determining positive day 29 BM MRD.
Research philosophy in pharmacy practice: necessity and relevance
Authors: Winit-Watjana Win 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectivePharmacy practice has gradually evolved with the paradigm shifted towards patient-focused practice or medicines optimisation. The advancement of pharmacy-related research has contributed to this progression, but the philosophy of research remained unexplored. This review was thus aimed to outline the succinct concept of research philosophy and its application in pharmacy practice research.Key findingsResearch philosophy has been introduced to offer an alternative way to think about problem-driven research that is normally conducted. To clarify the research philosophy, four research paradigms, i.e. positivism (or empiricism), postpositivism (or realism), interpretivism (or constructivism) and pragmatism, are investigated according to philosophical realms, i.e. ontology, epistemology, axiology and logic of inquiry. With the application of research philosophy, some examples of quantitative and qualitative research were elaborated along with the conventional research approach. Understanding research philosophy is crucial for pharmacy researchers and pharmacists, as it underpins the choice of methodology and data collection.ConclusionsThe review provides the overview of research philosophy and its application in pharmacy practice research. Further discussion on this vital issue is warranted to help generate quality evidence for pharmacy practice.
Predictors of prostate cancer screening intention among older men in Jordan
Authors: Abuadas Mohammad H. , Petro‐Nustas Wasileh , Albikawi Zainab F. , Mari Mohammad 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTIntention to prostate cancer screening (PCS) is one of the major factors affecting the long‐term success of population‐basedPCSprogrammes. The aim of this study is to explore strong factors linked to intention toPCSamong older Jordanian adults using the Health Belief Model (HBM). Data were obtained from Jordanian older adults, aged 40 years and over, who visited a comprehensive health care centre within a ministry of health. A pilot test was conducted to investigate the internal consistency of the Champion Health Belief Model Scale forPCSand the clarity of survey questions. Sample characteristics and rates of participation inPCSwere examined using means and frequencies. Important factors associated with intention toPCSwere examined using bivariate correlation and standard multiple linear regression analysis. About 13% of the respondents were adherent toPCSover the prior decade. Four out of the sevenHBM‐driven factors (perceived susceptibility, benefits and barriers to prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) test, and health motivation) were statistically significant. Those with greater levels of susceptibility, benefits ofPSAtest and health motivation and lower levels of barriers toPSAtesting were having more intention to participate inPCS. Family history, presence of urinary symptoms, age and knowledge about prostate cancer significantly predicted the intention toPCS. Intervention programmes, which lower perceived barriers toPSAtesting and increase susceptibility, benefits ofPSAtesting and health motivation, should be developed and implemented.
The Value of Vocalizing: 10‐Month‐Olds' Vocal Usage Relates to Language Outcomes at 15 Months
Authors: Wu Zhen , Gros‐Louis Julie 
Published: June 2016

The interaction between infant's communicative competence and responsiveness of caregivers facilitates the transition from prelinguistic to linguistic communication. It is thus important to know how infants' communicative behavior changes in relation to different caregiver responses; furthermore, how infants' modification of communicative behavior relates to language outcomes. We investigated 39 10‐month‐old infants' communication as a function of mothers' attention and responses and the relationship to language outcomes at 15 months. We elicited infants' communicative behavior in three conditions: (1) joint attention: Mothers were visually attending and responding to infants' attention and interest; (2) available: Mothers were visually attending to infants, but not responding contingently to infants' attention and interest; (3) unavailable: Mothers were not attending to infants nor responding to them. Infants vocalized more when mothers attended and responded to them (conditions 1 and 2) than when mothers did not (condition 3), but infants' gesture and gesture‐vocal production did not differ across conditions. Furthermore, infants' production of a higher proportion of vocalizations in the unavailable condition relative to the joint attention condition correlated with, and predicted, infants' language scores at 15 months. Thus, infants who appear to be aware of the social effects of vocalizations may learn words better.
CREATING THE ENEMY: AMMIANUS MARCELLINUS' DOUBLE DIGRESSION ON HUNS AND ALANS (RES GESTAE 31.2)
Authors: BURGERSDIJK DIEDERIK 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAmmianus Marcellinus' excursus on the Huns and Alans in the thirty-first and last book of his Res Gestae, in which he creates an image of an enemy that threatens the Roman empire, mainly serves to enhance the suspense in the final part of his narrative. It contains a message to the reigning emperor to defend the borders between barbarism and civilization. The narratological motifs and ideological purposes in the portraiture of foreign peoples, which draw on older Greek as well as Latin ethnographical templates, prevail over historical accuracy. The article addresses the topic from the theoretical framework of alterity, and explores the ethnographical and geographical models on which Ammianus based his largely fictitious account.
Common infections with polyomaviruses and herpesviruses and neuropsychological development at 4 years of age, the Rhea birth cohort in Crete, Greece
Authors: Karachaliou Marianna , Chatzi Leda , Roumeliotaki Theano , Kampouri Mariza , Kyriklaki Andriani , Koutra Katerina , Chalkiadaki Georgia , Michel Angelika , Stiakaki Eftichia , Kogevinas Manolis , Pawlita Michael , Waterboer Tim , de Sanjose Silvia 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundViral infections of the central nervous system may have detrimental effects for the developing brain, but the effects of less virulent common infections are unclear. We aim to investigate the impact of common viral infections of early childhood on neuropsychological performance of children at age four.MethodsWe used cross‐sectional data on 674 children participating at the 4 years of age follow‐up of the Rhea birth cohort in Crete, Greece. Blood levels of IgG antibodies to 10 polyomaviruses (BKPyV, JCPyV, KIPyV, WUPyV, HPyV6, HPyV7, TSPyV, MCPyV, HPyV9, and HPyV10) and four herpesviruses [Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus‐1 (HSV‐1), and herpes simplex virus‐2 (HSV‐2)] were measured using multiplex serology. Child's neuropsychological development at age four was assessed using the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities, the Attention‐Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Test (ADHDT), and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Multiple linear regression models were used to explore the associations.ResultsSeroprevalence to polyomaviruses ranged from 21% for HPyV9 to 82% for HPyV10. Seroprevalence for EBV was 53%, for CMV 26%, for HSV‐1 3.6%, and for HSV‐2 1.5%. Children seropositive to ≥8 polyomaviruses had lower score in ADHDT inattention subscale [β = −1.28 (95% CI: −2.56, −0.001)] and lower score in SDQ hyperactivity–inattention subscale [β = −.99 (95% CI: −1.60, −0.37)] versus children seropositive to ≤3 polyomaviruses. Seropositivity to BKPyV, a potential neurotropic virus, was associated with higher score in ADHDT inattention subscale [β = .87 (95% CI: 0.03, 1.71)].ConclusionsThese findings suggest that acquisition of polyomaviruses during development may influence behavioral outcomes in early childhood.
Resource limitation and responses to rivals in males of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Mason J. S. , Rostant W. G. , Chapman T. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDiet has a profound direct and indirect effect on reproductive success in both sexes. Variation in diet quality and quantity can significantly alter the capacity of females to lay eggs and of males to deliver courtship. Here, we tested the effect of dietary resource limitation on the ability of male Drosophila melanogaster to respond adaptively to rivals by extending their mating duration. Previous work carried out under ad libitum diet conditions showed that males exposed to rivals prior to mating significantly extend mating duration, transfer more ejaculate proteins and achieve higher reproductive success. Such adaptive responses are predicted to occur because male ejaculate production may be limited. Hence, ejaculate resources require allocation across different reproductive bouts, to balance current vs. future reproductive success. However, when males suffer dietary limitation, and potentially have fewer reproductive resources to apportion, we expect adaptive allocation of responses to rivals to be minimized. We tested this prediction and found that males held on agar‐only diets for 5–7 days lost the ability to extend mating following exposure to rivals. Interestingly, extended mating was retained in males held on low yeast/sugar: no sugar/yeast diet treatments, but was mostly lost when males were maintained on ‘imbalanced’ diets in which there was high yeast: no sugar and vice versa. Overall, the results show that males exhibit adaptive responses to rivals according to the degree of dietary resource limitation and to the ratio of individual diet components.
Major histocompatibility complex diversity is positively associated with stream water temperatures in proximate populations of sockeye salmon
Authors: Larson W. A. , Lisi P. J. , Seeb J. E. , Seeb L. W. , Schindler D. E. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLocal adaptation to heterogeneous environments generates population diversity within species, significantly increasing ecosystem stability and flows of ecosystem services. However, few studies have isolated the specific mechanisms that create and maintain this diversity. Here, we examined the relationship between water temperature in streams used for spawning and genetic diversity at a gene involved in immune function [the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)] in 14 populations of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) sampled across the Wood River basin in south‐western Alaska. The largest influence on MHC diversity was lake basin, but we also found a significant positive correlation between average water temperature and MHC diversity. This positive relationship between temperature and MHC diversity appears to have been produced by natural selection at very local scales rather than neutral processes, as no correlation was observed between temperature and genetic diversity at 90 neutral markers. Additionally, no significant relationship was observed between temperature variability and MHC diversity. Although lake basin was the largest driver of differences in MHC diversity, our results also demonstrate that fine‐scale differences in water temperature may generate variable selection regimes in populations that spawn in habitats separated by as little as 1 km. Additionally, our results indicated that some populations may be reaching a maximum level of MHC diversity. We postulate that salmon from populations in warm streams may delay spawning until late summer to avoid thermal stress as well as the elevated levels of pathogen prevalence and virulence associated with warm temperatures earlier in the summer.
How common standards can diminish collective intelligence: a computational study
Authors: Morreau Michael , Lyon Aidan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMaking good decisions depends on having accurate information – quickly, and in a form in which it can be readily communicated and acted upon. Two features of medical practice can help: deliberation in groups and the use of scores and grades in evaluation. We study the contributions of these features using a multi‐agent computer simulation of groups of physicians. One might expect individual differences in members' grading standards to reduce the capacity of the group to discover the facts on which well‐informed decisions depend. Observations of the simulated groups suggest on the contrary that this kind of diversity can in fact be conducive to epistemic performance. Sometimes, it is adopting common standards that may be expected to result in poor decisions.
Isolation of Trueperella pyogenes in a case of thoracic and abdominal abscess in a galago (Otolemur garnettii)
Authors: Salleng Kenneth J. , Burton Bryce J. , Apple Troy M. , Sanchez Susan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundAn adult male galago (Otolemur garnettii) presented for fight wounds following pairing for breeding. Treatment was symptomatic with recovery. Following resolution, the animal re‐presented and died, despite additional treatment.MethodsNecropsy, histopathology, bacterial cultures, and 16S RNA sequencing.ResultsA large intrathoracic/intra‐abdominal abscess due to Trueperella pyogenes was found at necropsy.ConclusionsT. pyogenes should be considered in abscesses/wounds of galagos.
Ethics Education in Midwifery Education Programs in the United States
Authors: Megregian Michele 
Published: June 2016

IntroductionFamiliarity with ethical concepts is a required competency for new graduates and a component of accreditation for midwifery education programs in the United States. While midwifery educators have acknowledged the importance of ethics education in midwifery programs, little is known about current methods, format, or evaluation of ethics education.MethodsA Web‐based survey was developed for program directors of accredited midwifery education programs in the United States. Clock hours, formats, venues, content topics, barriers, and evaluation methods were evaluated by descriptive analysis.ResultsFifty‐one percent of programs completed the online survey (25/49). Of these, only 7 (28%) offer ethics as a stand‐alone class, although all responding programs integrate some ethics education into other core classes. Programs show variation in format, venue, resources, and clock hours dedicated to ethics education. The most frequent barrier to ethics education is an already crowded curriculum (60%), although 32% of programs denied any barriers at all. The majority of programs include the ethical concepts of informed consent, shared decision making, and effective communication in curriculum content.DiscussionThis survey found that there is considerable variation in ethics education in terms of content, format, and evaluation among accredited midwifery education programs in the United States. Midwifery educators have an opportunity to explore the ethical dilemmas unique to maternity care from a midwifery perspective. There is also the opportunity to create a comprehensive and dynamic midwifery ethics curriculum, which incorporates both stand‐alone ethics courses and ethics concepts that are woven throughout the core midwifery curriculum.
Participation of family members and quality of patient care – the perspective of adult surgical patients
Authors: Leino‐Kilpi Helena , Gröndahl Weronica , Katajisto Jouko , Nurminen Matti , Suhonen Riitta 
Published: June 2016

Aims and objectivesThe aim of this study is to describe the participation of family members in the care of Finnish adult surgical patients and the connection of the participation with the quality of patient care as perceived by surgical patients.BackgroundThe family members of adult surgical patients are important. Earlier studies vary concerning the nature of participation, its meaning and the connection of participation with patient‐centred quality of care. In this study, we aim to produce new knowledge about adult surgical patients whose family members have participated in their care.DesignThis was a cross‐sectional descriptive survey study.MethodsThe data were collected among adult surgical patients (N = 481) before being discharged home from hospital with two instruments: the Good Nursing Care scale and the Received Knowledge of Hospital Patients.ResultsBased on the results, most adult surgical patients report that family members participate in their care. Participation was connected with received knowledge and preconditions of care, which are components of the quality of patient care.ConclusionsIn future, testing of different solutions for improving the participation of surgical patients’ family members in patient care should be implemented. Furthermore, the preconditions of family members’ participation in care and the concept of participation should be analysed to emphasise the active role of family members.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results emphasised the importance of family members for the patients in surgical care. Family members’ participation is connected with the quality of patient care.
Association among components of resilience and workplace violence‐related depression among emergency department nurses in Taiwan: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hsieh Hsiu‐Fen , Chen Yao‐Mei , Wang Hsiu‐Hung , Chang Shu‐Chen , Ma Shu‐Ching 
Published: June 2016

Aim and objectivesThis correlation study examined the relationship among recently workplace violence, depressive tendency, social support, and resilience of victimised nurses, and we also tried to identify protective factors and potential targets for preventive interventions for these nurses.BackgroundWorkplace violence in hospitals negatively affects occupational health and safety of medical professionals, especially for emergency department nurses.DesignA cross‐sectional, correlation research design was applied.MethodsHierarchical regression was used to examine data which were collected from June 2013 to December 2013 from emergency departments in Taiwan. One hundred and eighty nurses were recruited from two hospitals. Structured interviews and questionnaires were applied to collect data, including the Social Support Scale, the Resilience Scale and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression.ResultsA total of 159 (88·33%) nurses had suffered from physical or verbal violence by patients or their family. Resilience and peer support were significantly higher in the group without depressive tendency. Components of resilience of personal strength, social competence, structure style and religious beliefs were significant factors which accounted for 46·0% of variance in depressive tendency. Three of the five components of resilience: personal strength, social competence and structured style were found to have profounder effects against depressive tendency than peer support.ConclusionsHospital managers should establish a safer working environment for emergency department nurses and reinforce their resilience against depression when they encounter workplace violence.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study showed that three of the five components of resilience: personal strength, social competence and structured style are protective factors against depressive tendency in victimised nurses. Improving these three components with coping and problem‐solving skills by healthcare manager would be effective measures for enhancing their resilience in situations of workplace violence.