bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid Capture and Release of Nucleic Acids through a Reversible Photo‐Cycloaddition Reaction in a Psoralen‐Functionalized Hydrogel
Authors: Zhang Yizhe , Chan Peggy P. Y. , Herr Amy E. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractReversible immobilization of DNA and RNA is of great interest to researchers who seek to manipulate DNA or RNA in applications such as microarrays, DNA hydrogels, and gene therapeutics. However, there is no existing system that can rapidly capture and release intact nucleic acids. To meet this unmet need, we developed a functional hydrogel for rapid DNA/RNA capture and release based on the reversible photo‐cycloaddition of psoralen and pyrimidines. The functional hydrogel can be easily fabricated through copolymerization of acrylamide with the synthesized allylated psoralen. The psoralen‐functionalized hydrogel exhibits effective capture and release of nucleic acids spanning a wide range of lengths in a rapid fashion; over 90 % of the capture process is completed within 1 min, and circa 100 % of the release process is completed within 2 min. We observe no deleterious effects on the hybridization to the captured targets.
Templated Growth of InP Nanocrystals with a Polytwistane Structure
Authors: Ritchhart Andrew , Cossairt Brandi M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe have synthesized InP nanocrystals of an unprecedented crystal phase at low temperature (35–100 °C) by templated growth of InP magic‐sized clusters. With the addition of stoichiometric equivalents of P(SiMe3)3 to the starting cluster, we demonstrate nanocrystal growth mediated through a partial dissolution and recrystallization pathway. This growth process was monitored using a combination of in situ UV/Vis and 31P NMR spectroscopy, revealing the intermediacy of smaller cluster species of higher symmetry. The nanocrystals that result from this templated growth exhibit a crystal structure that is neither zincblende nor wurtzite, and instead is derived from the original cluster. This structure is best described as a 3D polytwistane phase as deduced from a combination of X‐ray diffraction, Raman, and solid‐state NMR spectroscopy methods.
Cation‐Tuned Synthesis of Fluorooxoborates: Towards Optimal Deep‐Ultraviolet Nonlinear Optical Materials
Authors: Wang Ying , Zhang Bingbing , Yang Zhihua , Pan Shilie 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe development of new nonlinear optical (NLO) materials for deep‐ultraviolet (DUV) applications is in great demand. However, the synthesis of an ideal DUV NLO crystal is a serious challenge. Herein, three new alkali‐metal fluorooxoborates, AB4O6F (A=K, Rb, and Cs, and a mixed cation between two of them), were successfully synthesized by cation regulation. It is found that all reported compounds exhibit short UV absorption edges (<190 nm), and show second harmonic generation (SHG) responses ranging from 0.8 to 1.9 KH2PO4 (KDP). Interestingly, by judicious selection of the A‐site alkali‐metal cations, the arrangement of NLO‐active structural units is fine‐tuned to an optimal configuration, which contributes to large SHG responses.
Direct Synthesis of Polysubstituted Aldehydes via Visible‐Light Catalysis
Authors: Wu Fengjin , Wang Leifeng , Chen Jiean , Nicewicz David A. , Huang Yong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAldehydes are among the most versatile functional groups for synthetic chemistry. However, access to polysubstituted alkyl aldehydes is very limited and requires lengthy synthetic routes that involve multiple‐step functional‐group conversion. This paper reports a one‐step synthesis of polysubstituted aldehydes from readily available olefin substrates using visible‐light photoredox catalysis. Despite a number of competing reaction pathways, commercial styrenes react with vinyl ethers selectively in the presence of an acridinium salt photooxidant and a disulfide hydrogen‐atom‐transfer catalyst under blue LED irradiation. Alkyl aldehydes with different substitution patterns are prepared in good yields. This strategy can be applied to structurally sophisticated substrates.
Influence of Syzygium cumini leaves extract on morphological, thermal, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties of PVA and PVA/chitosan blend films
Authors: Kasai Deepak , Chougale Ravindra , Masti Saraswati , Chalannavar Raju , Malabadi Ravindra B. , Gani Ramesh 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTIn the present work, poly(vinyl alcohol)/Syzygium cumini leaves extract (PSN) and poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan/S. cumini leaves extract blend films were prepared by solution casting technique. The films were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X‐ray diffraction study, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and universal testing machine. The results indicated that the appreciable physical interaction at lower concentrations of S. cumini leaves extract in the PVA and PVA/chitosan films contribute to the smooth uniform morphology, increased the degree of crystallinity, degradation temperature, and improved mechanical properties. Further, films were analyzed with water contact angle analyzer which illustrates that blend films were hydrophilic (PSN‐1) and hydrophobic (PCS‐1) in nature. However, blend films were also subjected to the antimicrobial study, which revealed that inclusion of S. cumini leaves extracts significantly enhanced the antibacterial activity in the PVA and PVA/chitosan film. With all of these results, fabricated blends can find potential applications in packaging material to extend the shelf life of foodstuffs. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46188.
Integrating Fast and Frugal Heuristics with a Model of Memory‐based Cue Generation
Authors: Lawrence Ashley , Thomas Rick P. , Dougherty Michael R. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAlthough the fast and frugal heuristics have been studied extensively, relatively little attention has been paid to how cues are generated to be used within the heuristics. The goal of this paper is to propose and test a memory‐based model of how cues are generated and used in cue‐based inferences. The current study advances theory by integrating the fast and frugal heuristics with HyGene, a memory‐based model of how decision makers generate and evaluate hypotheses. Using archival data in which memory retrieval variables were not directly manipulated, we demonstrate that participants' cue selection behavior is consistent with memory‐based retrieval. Further, by directly manipulating memory retrieval within a cue‐based stock‐forecasting task, we demonstrate that memory processes underlie cue use. Participants' cue use varied depending on the relationship between cue validity and the frequency with which the cues were seen during learning. The HyGene model provided the best account of the empirical data, providing further evidence for the critical role of memory in judgment and decision making. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carotid plaque volume in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy
Authors: Ball S , Rogers S , Kanesalingam K , Taylor R , Katsogridakis E , McCollum C 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background
The main indication for carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is severity of carotid artery stenosis, even though most strokes in carotid disease are embolic. The relationship between carotid plaque volume (CPV) and symptoms of cerebral ischaemia, and the measurement of CPV by minimally invasive tomographic ultrasound imaging, were investigated.

Methods
The volume of the endarterectomy specimen was measured using a validated saline suspension technique in patients undergoing CEA. Time from last symptom and severity of stenosis measured by duplex ultrasonography were recorded. Middle cerebral artery emboli were counted using transcranial Doppler imaging (TCD) in a subset of patients.

Results
Some 339 patients were included, 270 with symptomatic and 69 with asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Mean(s.d.) CPV was higher in symptomatic than in asymptomatic patients (0·97(0·43) versus 0.74(0·41) cm3; P &lt; 0·001). CPV did not correlate with severity of carotid stenosis (P = 0·770). Mean CPV was highest at 1·03(0·46) cm3 in the 4 weeks following cerebral symptoms, declining to 0·78(0·36) cm3 beyond 8 weeks. Among 33 patients who had TCD, mean CPV was 1·00(0·48) cm3 in the 27 patients with ipsilateral cerebral emboli compared with 0·67(0·16) cm3 in those without (P = 0·142). There was excellent correlation between CPV measured by tomographic ultrasound imaging and the endarterectomy specimen in 34 patients (r = 0·93, P &lt; 0·001).

Conclusion
CPV correlated with symptoms of cerebral ischaemia, but not carotid stenosis. It could be a potential indicator for CEA.
Encapsulation of Dual‐Emitting Fluorescent Magnetic Nanoprobe in Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Ultrasensitive Ratiometric Detection of Cu2+
Authors: Wang Jing , Chen Haiyong , Ru Fan , Zhang Zhen , Mao Xiang , Shan Duoliang , Chen Jing , Lu Xiaoquan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAn effective dual‐emission fluorescent metal‐organic framework (MOF)‐based nanoprobe has been established for ultrasensitive and rapid ratiometric detection of Cu2+. Such a nanoprobe was prepared by encapsulating fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), and Eu(III) complex‐functionalized Fe3O4 into the zeolitic imidazolate framework material (ZIF‐8). In this nanoprobe, FITC was used as a reference signal, thus improving the influence of external uncertainties. The Eu‐complex signal could be quenched after adding an amount of Cu2+. The ZIF‐8 could enrich the target analytes, which can amplify the fluorescence signal due to the good adsorption properties of the ZIF‐8. Based on above structural and compositional features, the detection limit of the nanoprobe is 0.1 nm for Cu2+, almost 2×104 times lower than the maximum allowable amount of Cu2+ in drinking water, which constructed a platform for effective detection of Cu2+. Using the nanoprobe to detect Cu2+ in aqueous solution is rapid and the probe still remained stable. Additionally, this sensor for the ratiometric fluorescence imaging of copper ions was also certified in real samples and live cells.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Donor‐Stabilized Bis(pentafluoroethyl)stannylene [Sn(C2F5)2(D)n] (D=THF, DMAP, PMe3, [Sn(C2F5)3]−)
Authors: Klösener Johannes , Wiesemann Markus , Niemann Mark , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Hoge Berthold 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this contribution we report on the synthesis of bis(pentafluoroethyl)stannane, H2Sn(C2F5)2. In the reaction with donor molecules a ready elimination of hydrogen and the formation of the corresponding donor‐stabilized monomeric bis(pentafluoroethyl)stannylene, Sn(C2F5)2, becomes apparent. With dependence on the Lewis basicity and steric demand of the donor, varying coordination numbers are realized. Whereas the reaction with nitrogen bases like 4‐(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP) leads to the complexation of two donor molecules, [Sn(C2F5)2(dmap)2], treatment with PMe3 or [Sn(C2F5)3]− furnished the corresponding neutral or anionic monoadducts, [Sn(C2F5)2(D)] (D=PMe3, [Sn(C2F5)3]−). In contrast, the utilization of sterically demanding donors, such as iPr2O, as well as the thermal treatment of ether complexes, [Sn(C2F5)2(D)n] (D=Et2O, THF), leads to the formation of oligomeric and cyclic stannylene moieties [Sn(C2F5)2]n. The reactivity of H2Sn(C2F5)2 and the donor‐stabilized stannylenes was proven by hydrostannylation and complexation reactions with tetracarbonylnickel and bimetallic compounds. In the latter case, a donor‐dependent stannylene or distannylene insertion into the metal–metal bond was observed.
Assemblies of Boron Dipyrromethene/Porphyrin, Phthalocyanine, and C60 Moieties as Artificial Models of Photosynthesis: Synthesis, Supramolecular Interactions, and Photophysical Studies
Authors: Chen Xiao‐Fei , El‐Khouly Mohamed E. , Ohkubo Kei , Fukuzumi Shunichi , Ng Dennis K. P. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA series of light‐harvesting conjugates based on a zinc(II) phthalocyanine core with either two or four boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) or porphyrin units have been synthesized and characterized. The conjugation of BODIPY/porphyrin units can extend the absorptions of the phthalocyanine core to cover most of the visible region. Upon addition of an imidazole‐substituted C60 (C60Im), it can axially bind to the zinc(II) center of the phthalocyanine core through metal–ligand interactions. The resulting complexes form photosynthetic antenna‐reaction center mimics in which the BODIPY/porphyrin units serve as the antennas to capture the light and transfer the energy to the phthalocyanine core by efficient excitation energy transfer. The excited phthalocyanine is then quenched by the axially bound C60Im moiety by electron transfer, which has been supported by computational studies. The photoinduced processes of the assemblies have been studied in detail by various steady‐state and time‐resolved spectroscopic methods. By femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopic studies, the lifetimes of the charge‐separated state of the bis(BODIPY) and bis(porphyrin) systems have been determined to be 3.2 and 4.0 ns, respectively.
SnS2/Sb2S3 Heterostructures Anchored on Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanosheets with Superior Rate Capability for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Shijian , Liu Shuaishuai , Li Xuemei , Li Cong , Zang Rui , Man Zengming , Wu Yuhan , Li Pengxin , Wang Guoxiu 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTin disulfide, as a promising high‐capacity anode material for sodium‐ion batteries, exhibits high theoretical capacity but poor practical electrochemical properties due to its low electrical conductivity. Constructing heterostructures has been considered to be an effective approach to enhance charge transfer and ion‐diffusion kinetics. In this work, composites of SnS2/Sb2S3 heterostructures with reduced graphene oxide nanosheets were synthesized by a facile one‐pot hydrothermal method. When applied as anode material in sodium‐ion batteries, the composite showed a high reversible capacity of 642 mA h g−1 at a current density of 0.2 A g−1 and good cyclic stability without capacity loss in 100 cycles. In particular, SnS2/Sb2S3 heterostructures exhibited outstanding rate performance with capacities of 593 and 567 mA h g−1 at high current densities of 2 and 4 A g−1, respectively, which could be ascribed to the dramatically improved Na+ diffusion kinetics and electrical conductivity.
Introduction of Boron Functionalities into Silsesquioxanes: Novel Independent Methodologies
Authors: Kaźmierczak Joanna , Kuciński Krzysztof , Stachowiak Hanna , Hreczycho Grzegorz 
Published: January 2018

AbstractOwing to their versatile application possibilities, silsesquioxanes (SQs) are of considerable interest for creating hybrid inorganic–organic materials. In this report, two novel and independent strategies for the direct attachment of boron functionalities to silsesquioxanes are presented. Encouraged by our previous work concerning the synthesis of borasiloxanes through the catalyst‐free dehydrogenative coupling of silanols and boranes, we decided to apply our method to a synthesis of various boron‐functionalized silsesquioxanes. During our tests, we also investigated the activity of scandium(III) triflate, which we have previously used as an excellent catalyst for the obtaining of Si‐O‐Si and Si‐O‐Ge moieties. As a result, we also discovered a novel approach for theO‐borylation of Si−OH groups in silsesquioxanes with allylborane. Both routes are highly chemoselective and efficiently lead to the obtaining of Si‐O‐B moiety under air atmosphere and at room temperature.
Die faszinierende bioanorganische Chemie der Selten‐Erd‐Elemente
Authors: Jahn Bérénice , Daumann Lena Josefine 
Published: January 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Selten‐Erd‐Elemente haben Naturwissenschaftler schon seit Jahrzehnten fasziniert und ihnen Kopfzerbrechen bereitet. Diese Elemente sind heute aus unserem täglichen Leben nicht mehr wegzudenken. Das verdanken sie ihren einzigartigen physikochemischen Eigenschaften. Aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse zeigen zudem, dass manche dieser Elemente essentiell für methanotrophe Bakterien sind. Wir stehen erst am Anfang einer Entdeckungsreise in die faszinierende bioanorganische Chemie dieser Elemente und warten gespannt, welche Überraschungen sie noch für uns bereithalten.
Long‐term outcome of dasatinib first‐line treatment in gastrointestinal stromal tumor: A multicenter, 2‐stage phase 2 trial (Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research 56/07)
Authors: Montemurro Michael , Cioffi Angela , Dômont Julien , Rutkowski Piotr , Roth Arnaud D. , von Moos Roger , Inauen Roman , Toulmonde Maud , Burkhard Roger O. , Knuesli Claudio , Bauer Sebastian , Cassier Philippe , Schwarb Heike , Le Cesne Axel , Koeberle Dieter , Bärtschi Daniela , Dietrich Daniel , Biaggi Christine , Prior John , Leyvraz Serge 
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUNDTyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have improved the outcome of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), but most patients eventually develop resistance and progress. Dasatinib is a potent inhibitor of BCR‐ABL, KIT, and SRC family kinases as well as imatinib‐resistant cells. In GISTs, response evaluation is routinely done using computed tomography (CT) and 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography coupled to CT (FDG‐PET/CT) for early response assessment and outcome prediction.METHODSThis was a 2‐stage, phase 2 trial investigating dasatinib 2 × 70 mg per day in patients with histologically proven, TKI‐naïve, FDG‐PET/CT‐positive GIST. The primary endpoint was FDG‐PET/CT response.RESULTSOf 52 planned patients, 47 were enrolled from January 2008 to November 2011, when the trial was terminated because of slow accrual. In total, 42 patients were eligible. The median patient age was 61 years, 24 patients were men, and 18 were women. Performance status was 0 in 29 patients and 1 in 13 patients. The median follow‐up was 67.2 months. Patients went off trial for elective surgery (n = 8), after 26 cycles as per protocol (n = 5), for disease progression (n = 14), for toxicity (n = 7), and for other reasons (n = 5); and 3 patients died (2 had discontinued drug and 1 was still receiving drug). Toxicity was grade 4 in 5% and grade 3 in 48% of patients and was most often gastrointestinal or pulmonary. Dose was interrupted or reduced in 25% of cycles. The FDG‐PET/CT response rate (complete plus partial responses) at 4 weeks was 74% (95% confidence interval, 56%‐85%; 14 patients had a complete response, 17 had a partial response, 6 had stable disease, 3 had progressive disease, and 2 were not evaluable). The median progression‐free survival was 13.6 months, and the median overall survival was not reached.CONCLUSIONSDasatinib produced high metabolic response rates in TKI‐naive patients with FDG‐PET/CT‐positive GIST. Cancer 2018;124:1449‐54. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Advanced practitioner in anatomic pathology: The time has come
Authors: Sweeney Brenda J. , Wilbur David C. 
Published: January 2018

Appropriately trained cytotechnologists have been shown to have the skills necessary to safely assist the pathologist in nontraditional tasks. These advanced‐level individuals may be necessary to stem the leakage of traditional pathology services to other specialties or even prevent them from not being done at all. The time has arrived to move this concept forward.See also pages 232‐5.
A high‐level library for multidimensional arrays programming in computational science
Authors: Chakroun Imen , Vander Aa Tom , De Fraine Bruno , Haber Tom , Costanza Pascal , Wuyts Roel 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThis paper describes ExaShark, a hybrid n‐dimensional array toolkit offered as a high‐level library for scientists to compute large‐scale simulations. It offers a global‐array–like interface while its runtime can be configured to use shared memory threading techniques, inter‐node distribution techniques, or combinations of both. ExaShark takes advantage of the latest HPC technologies, helping to scale to future generation systems. It has been used to develop several scientific applications including stencil codes, solvers, and matrix factorization algorithms. These applications are used to demonstrate that it improves on the state of the art by providing a user‐friendly, generic API without sacrificing performance.
Molecular and Thermodynamic Properties of Zwitterions versus Ionic Liquids: A Comprehensive Computational Analysis to Develop Advanced Separation Processes
Authors: Moreno Daniel , Gonzalez‐Miquel Maria , Ferro Victor R. , Palomar Jose 
Published: January 2018

AbstractZwitterion ionic liquids (ZIs) are compounds in which both counterions are covalently tethered, conferring them with unique characteristics; however, most of their properties are still unknown, representing a bottleneck to exploit their practical applications. Herein, the molecular and fluid properties of ZIs and their mixtures were explored by means of quantum chemical analysis based on the density functional theory (DFT) and COSMO‐RS method, and compared against homologous ionic liquids (ILs) to provide a comprehensive overview of the effect of the distinct structures on their physicochemical and thermodynamic behavior. Overall, ZIs were revealed as compounds with higher polarity and stronger hydrogen‐bonding capacity, implying higher density, viscosity, melting point, and even lower volatility than structurally similar ILs. The phase equilibrium of binary and ternary systems supports stronger attractive interactions between ZIs and polar compounds, whereas higher liquid–liquid immiscibility with nonpolar compounds may be expected. Ultimately, the performance of ZIs in the wider context of separation processes is illustrated, while providing molecular insights to allow their selection and design for relevant applications.
Intraparticle Diffusional versus Site Effects on Reaction Pathways in Liquid‐Phase Cross Aldol Reactions
Authors: Ponnuru Koushik , Manayil Jinesh C. , Cho Hong Je , Fan Wei , Wilson Karen , Jentoft Friederike C. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractChemo‐ and regioselectivity in a heterogeneously catalyzed cross aldol reaction were directed by tuning the nature of the sites, textural properties, and reaction conditions. Catalysts included sulfonic acid‐functionalized resins or SBA‐15 with varying particle size or pore diameter, H‐BEA zeolites, and Sn‐BEA zeotype; conditions were 25 °C to 170 °C in organic media. Benzaldehyde and 2‐butanone yielded branched (reaction at ‐CH2‐ of butanone) and linear (reaction at ‐CH3) addition and condensation products; and fission of the branched aldol led to β‐methyl styrene and acetic acid. Strong acids promoted the dehydration step, and regioselectivity originated from preferred formation of the branched aldol. Both, resins and functionalized SBA‐15 materials yielded predominantly the branched condensation product, unless particle morphology or temperature moved the reaction into the diffusion‐limited regime, in which case more fission products were formed, corresponding to Wheeler Type II selectivity. For H‐form zeolites, fission of the branched aldol competed with dehydration of the linear aldol, possibly because weaker acidity or steric restrictions prevented dehydration of the branched aldol.