bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Policing the legume-Rhizobium symbiosis: a critical test of partner choice
Authors: Westhoek Annet , Field Elsa , Rehling Finn , Mulley Geraldine , Webb Isabel , Poole Philip S. , Turnbull Lindsay A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn legume-Rhizobium symbioses, specialised soil bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen in return for carbon. However, ineffective strains can arise, making discrimination essential. Discrimination can occur via partner choice, where legumes prevent ineffective strains from entering, or via sanctioning, where plants provide fewer resources. Several studies have inferred that legumes exercise partner choice, but the rhizobia compared were not otherwise isogenic. To test when and how plants discriminate ineffective strains we developed sets of fixing and non-fixing strains that differed only in the expression of nifH – essential for nitrogen fixation – and could be visualised using marker genes. We show that the plant is unable to select against the non-fixing strain at the point of entry, but that non-fixing nodules are sanctioned. We also used the technique to characterise mixed nodules (containing both a fixing and a non-fixing strain), whose frequency could be predicted using a simple diffusion model. We discuss that sanctioning is likely to evolve in preference to partner choice in any symbiosis where partner quality cannot be adequately assessed until goods or services are actively exchanged.
A HAND to TBX5 Explains the Link Between Thalidomide and Cardiac Diseases
Authors: Khalil Athar , Tanos Rachel , El-Hachem Nehmé , Kurban Mazen , Bouvagnet Patrice , Bitar Fadi , Nemer Georges 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCongenital heart disease is the leading cause of death in the first year of life. Mutations only in few genes have been linked to some cases of CHD. Thalidomide was used by pregnant women for morning sickness but was removed from the market because it caused severe malformations including CHDs. We used both in silico docking software, and in vitro molecular and biochemical methods to document a novel interaction involving Thalidomide, TBX5, and HAND2. Thalidomide binds readily to TBX5 through amino acids R81, R82, and K226 all implicated in DNA binding. It reduces TBX5 binding to DNA by 40%, and suppresses TBX5 mediated activation of the NPPA and VEGF promoters by 70%. We documented a novel interaction between TBX5 and HAND2, and showed that a p.G202V HAND2 variant associated with CHD and coronary artery diseases found in a large Lebanese family with high consanguinity, drastically inhibited this interaction by 90%. Similarly, thalidomide inhibited the TBX5/HAND2 physical interaction, and the in silico docking revealed that the same amino acids involved in the interaction of TBX5 with DNA are also involved in its binding to HAND2. Our results establish a HAND2/TBX5 pathway implicated in heart development and diseases.
Reconstitution of ovarian function following transplantation of primordial germ cells
Authors: Zeng Ming , Sheng Xiaoyan , Keefe David L. , Liu Lin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractOvarian aging occurs earlier than somatic aging. We tested the hypothesis that ovarian functions could be artificially reconstructed by transplantation of primordial germ cells (PGCs). We compared various methods for transplantation of PGCs aggregated with gonadal somatic cells and showed that reconstituted ovaries exhibited folliculogenesis after transplantation of PGCs-aggregates into either kidney capsule or ovarian bursa. Neo-oogenesis occurred early after transplantation, as evidenced by the presence of prophase I meiocytes displaying homologous pairing. Moreover, endocrine function was recovered in ovariectomized recipients, including elevated levels of AMH and estradiol. Interestingly, folliculogenesis in the reconstituted ovaries failed to sustain past four weeks. Regardless of transplantation method, follicles diminished after 45 days, accompanied by increased apoptosis, and were undetectable after two months. Meanwhile, no replicative PGCs or prophase I meiocytes could be found. Together, transplantation of PGCs can effectively reconstitute ovarian functions but for limited time. These data suggest that PGCs do not undergo self-renewal but rapidly enter meiosis following transplantation. Global activation of primordial follicles in artificial ovaries can result in further rapid loss of germ cells. Methods for maintaining self-renewal and expansion in vivo of PGCs and controlling follicle activation will be essential for continuing maintenance of the functional reconstructed ovaries.
Ordered micro/macro porous K-OMS-2/SiO2 nanocatalysts: Facile synthesis, low cost and high catalytic activity for diesel soot combustion
Authors: Yu Xuehua , Zhao Zhen , Wei Yuechang , Liu Jian 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA series of novel oxide catalysts, which contain three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) and microporous structure, were firstly designed and successfully synthesized by simple method. In the as-prepared catalysts, 3DOM SiO2 is used as support and microporous K-OMS-2 oxide nanoparticles are supported on the wall of SiO2. 3DOM K-OMS-2/SiO2 oxide catalysts were firstly used in soot particle oxidation reaction and they show very high catalytic activities. The high activities of K-OMS-2/SiO2 oxide catalysts can be assigned to three possible reasons: macroporous effect of 3DOM structure for improving contact between soot and catalyst, microporous effect of K-OMS-2 for adsorption of small gas molecules and interaction of K and Mn for activation of gas molecules. The catalytic activities of catalysts are comparable to or even higher than noble metal catalyst in the medium and high temperature range. For example, the T50 of K-OMS-2/SiO2-50, 328 °C, is much lower than those of Pt/Al2O3 and 3DOM Au/LaFeO3, 464 and 356 °C,respectively. Moreover, catalysts exhibited high catalytic stability. It is attributed to that the K+ ions are introduced into the microporous structure of OMS-2 and stabilized in the catalytic reaction. Meanwhile, the K+ ions play an important role in templating and stabilizing the tunneled framework of OMS-2.
Accelerating recovery from jet lag: prediction from a multi-oscillator model and its experimental confirmation in model animals
Authors: Kori Hiroshi , Yamaguchi Yoshiaki , Okamura Hitoshi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe endogenous circadian clock drives oscillations that are completely synchronized with the environmental day–night rhythms with a period of approximately 24 hours. Temporal misalignment between one’s internal circadian clock and the external solar time often occurs in shift workers and long-distance travelers; such misalignments are accompanied by sleep disturbances and gastrointestinal distress. Repeated exposure to jet lag and rotating shift work increases the risk of lifestyle-related diseases, such as cardiovascular complaints and metabolic insufficiencies. However, the mechanism behind the disruption of one’s internal clock is not well understood. In this paper, we therefore present a new theoretical concept called “jet lag separatrix” to understand circadian clock disruption and slow recovery from jet lag based on the mathematical model describing the hierarchical structure of the circadian clock. To demonstrate the utility of our theoretical study, we applied it to predict that re-entrainment via a two-step jet lag in which a four-hour shift of the light-dark cycle is given in the span of two successive days requires fewer days than when given as a single eight-hour shift. We experimentally verified the feasibility of our theory in C57BL/6 strain mice, with results indicating that this pre-exposure of jet lag is indeed beneficial.
Improved iterative FD‐CE and turbo equalisation for doubly‐selective high‐frequency channel
Authors: Ravaei Yahya , Mahdi Nejad Mohammad , Madani Mohammad Hossein 
Published: April 2017

In this study, the authors investigate joint iterative frequency‐domain channel estimation (FD‐CE) and turbo equalisation for doubly selective high‐frequency channel. The performance of time and FD turbo equalisers (TD/FD‐TE) by applying them to Appendix C of military standard (MIL‐STD)‐188‐110C is compared. Compared to TD‐TE, FD‐TE has reduced computational complexity; however, its performance degrades for time‐varying channels. To improve the performance of FD‐TE, we propose a new iterative CE scheme which can be used jointly with FD‐TE. We employ low‐complexity FD least mean‐square algorithm in iterative process. By the use of soft information fed back from the decoder from the previous iteration, we improve the quality of the channel estimate over iterations. Simulation results show that at bit error rate (BER) of 1×10−5 the proposed algorithm improves the performance of FD‐TE ∼2.5 and 3.5 dB for 8 phase shift keying (PSK) and 16 quadrature‐amplitude modulation (QAM), respectively. Also, we study the impact of CE error on the performance of FD‐TE. For 16QAM when SNR values are more than 20 dB, there is a gain between 1 and 3 dB when we consider the variance of CE error.
Synthesis of 2,4-Disubstituted Quinoline Derivatives via A3-Coupling: An EcoScale Evaluation
Authors: Naidoo Shivani , Jeena Vineet 
Published: April 2017

The 2,4-disubstituted quinoline moiety is an important building block for numerous biologically active and industrially useful compounds. These elegant compounds can be synthesised via the three-component coupling between an aldehyde, amine, and alkyne commonly referred to as A3-coupling. This short review aims to give an overview of the progress made towards disubstituted quinoline derivatives using this innovative methodology.1	Introduction2	Applications of the Quinoline Moiety2.1	Antimicrobial Properties2.2	Anti-inflammatory Properties2.3	Anticonvulsant Properties2.4	Photophysical Properties3	Synthesis Based on A3-Coupling3.1	Copper-Catalysed Systems3.2	Iron-Catalysed Systems3.3	Miscellaneous Systems3.3.1	Montmorillonite Clays3.3.2	Polyoxometalates3.3.3	Rare Earth Metals3.3.4	Al2O3 Nanoparticles/Methanesulfonic Acid4	Proposed Reaction Mechanism5	EcoScale Evaluation6	Conclusion7	Appendix
Transition-Metal-Free Boryl Substitution Using Silylboranes and Alkoxy Bases
Authors: Ito Hajime , Yamamoto Eiji , Maeda Satoshi , Taketsugu Tetsuya 
Published: April 2017

Silylboranes are used as borylation reagents for organohalides in the presence of alkoxy bases without transition-metal catalysts. PhMe2Si–B(pin) reacts with a variety of aryl, alkenyl, and alkyl halides, including sterically hindered examples, to provide the corresponding organoboronates in good yields with high borylation/silylation ratios, showing good functional group compatibility. Halogenophilic attack of a silyl nucleophile on organohalides, and subsequent nucleophilic attack on the boron electrophile are identified to be crucial, based on the results of extensive theoretical and experimental studies. This boryl­ation reaction is further applied to the first direct dimesitylboryl (BMes2) substitution of aryl halides using Ph2MeSi–BMes2 and Na(O-t-Bu), affording aryldimesitylboranes, which are regarded as an important class of compounds for organic materials.1	Introduction2	Boryl Substitution of Organohalides with PhMe2Si–B(pin)/Alkoxy Bases3	Mechanistic Investigations4	DFT Mechanistic Studies Using an Artificial Force Induced Reaction (AFIR) Method5	Dimesitylboryl Substitution of Aryl Halides with Ph2MeSi–BMes2/Na(O-t-Bu)6	Conclusion
Comparative Proteomic Profiling Using Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis and Identification via LC-MS/MS Reveals Novel Protein Biomarkers to Identify Aggressive Subtypes of WHO Grade I Meningioma
Authors: Osbun Joshua , Tatman Philip , Kaur Sumanpreet , Parada Carolina , Busald Tina , Gonzalez-Cuyar Luis , Shi Min , Born Donald , Zhang Jing , Ferreira Manuel 
Published: April 2017

Background Meningomas represent the most common primary intracranial tumor. The majority are benign World Health Organization (WHO) Grade I lesions, but a subset of these behave in an aggressive manner. Protein biomarkers are needed to distinguish aggressive from benign Grade I lesions.
Materials and Methods Pooled protein lysates were derived from five clinically aggressive Grade I and five typically benign WHO Grade I tumors snap frozen at the time of surgery. Proteins were separated in each group using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DGE) and protein spots of interest were identified using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Potential biomarker candidates were validated using western blot assays in individual tumor samples and by tissue microarray (TMA).
Results Seven candidate biomarkers were obtained from the 2DGE and validated via western blot and TMA. Biomarker validation data allowed for the creation of predictive models using binary logistical regression that correctly identified 85.9% of aggressive tumors within the larger cohort of Grade I meningioma.
Conclusion Simple protein separation by 2DGE and identification of candidate biomarkers by LC-MS allowed for the identification of seven candidate biomarkers that when used in predictive models accurately distinguish aggressive from benign behavior in WHO Grade I meningioma.
A Systematic Review of Intrapartum Fetal Head Compression: What Is the Impact on the Fetal Brain?
Authors: Heyborne Kent 
Published: April 2017

Objective During labor the fetal head is subjected to pressure related to uterine contractions and maternal pushing. Here we systematically review what is known about fetal head compression and its effects on fetal intracranial pressure, oxygenation, blood flow and cerebral function, and the plausibility that it might cause isolated fetal brain injury.
Study Design Systematic review of intrapartum fetal head compression and fetal brain injury in accordance with the MOOSE methodology. The PubMed database was searched using a combination of the terms “fetal,” “head,” “cranial,” “extracranial,” “pressure,” and “compression.” Additional references were obtained using multiple strategies. Results were evaluated, and relevant studies encompassing animal and human data using several approaches are summarized in this review.
Results Studies support a significant increase in fetal extracranial pressure with contractions and pushing. However, available data do not support a concomitant significant relative increase in intracranial pressure, a reduction in cerebral circulation or oxygenation, or an impact on cerebral function.
Conclusion A review of the literature indicates that fetal intracranial pressure is well protected from extracranial forces. Available data do not support intrapartum fetal extracranial pressure as a cause of fetal brain injury.
Precis The fetal brain is relatively unaffected by intrapartum fetal head compression.
Advantages and Complications of Fisch Partial Mastoidotympanectomy for Tumors of the Retromandibular Fossa and Poststyloid Space
Authors: Catalano Dominic , Gluth Michael 
Published: April 2017

Objective This study aims to characterize a single surgeon's experience with resection of tumors of the retromandibular fossa and poststyloid space utilizing the Fisch partial mastoidotympanectomy (FPMT) technique of partial temporal bone resection.
Design Retrospective review.
Setting Academic medical center.
Participants Seven patients who underwent tumor resection with FPMT.
Main Outcome Measures Complications.
Results Six males and one female underwent FPMT, with ages ranging from 44 to 79 years. The facial nerve was sacrificed in six cases, no cases were converted to more extensive temporal bone resection procedures, and no postoperative hearing loss occurred. The only intraoperative complication experienced was a violation of the external auditory canal in four cases, which resulted in postoperative wound healing issues in two cases.
Conclusions FPMT allows for the release of tumors of the poststyloid space and retromandibular fossa without compromise of hearing status. Preservation of external auditory canal soft tissues is challenging, and the violation is experienced relatively frequently due to shearing forces during soft tissue retraction. When encountered, robust repair of defects is encouraged to prevent further wound healing complications.
Akzeptanz emotionssensitiver Trainingssysteme von Patienten mit Fazialisparese und deren Angehöriger
Authors: Altmann Uwe , Worrack Susanne , Kaczmarek Magdalena , Mühleck Julia , Volk Gerd , Guntinas-Lichius Orlando , Strauß Bernhard 
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung
Neue telemedizinische Technologien können Versorgungsprobleme lösen, die durch den demografischen Wandel erwartet werden. Die vorliegende Studie untersuchte deshalb die Akzeptanz emotionssensitiver Trainingssysteme für Menschen mit Fazialisparese.
Es wurden N=76 Patienten mit Fazialisparese und N=44 Angehörige mit Fragebögen befragt (Technikakzeptanz, Technikaffinität, körperliche und psychische Lebensqualität (SF36), Depressivität (PHQ9), soziale Ängste (LSAS) und Funktionsstörungen einzelner Gesichtsregionen (FACE, nur Patienten)). Selbsterstellte Items erfassten die Einstellung hinsichtlich des erwarteten therapeutischen Nutzens, Datenschutz, und Mensch-Trainingssystem-Interface. Patienten- und Angehörigengruppe wurden im Hinblick auf die Mittelwerte der Fragebogenskalen verglichen. Prädiktoren der Akzeptanz der Patienten wurden mit einem Strukturgleichungsmodell untersucht.
Patienten und deren Angehörige beurteilten Nutzen, Datenschutz und Gestaltung des Interfaces durchgängig positiv. Es gab keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen Patienten und Angehörigen. Der stärkste Prädiktor für die Technikakzeptanz der Patienten war die Technikkompetenz. Des Weiteren war die Akzeptanz umso größer, je depressiver die Patienten und je eingeschränkter ihre Mimik war.
Emotionssensitive Trainingssysteme scheinen aus Sicht der Befragten eine sinnvolle therapeutische Option darzustellen. Insbesondere Patienten mit starken Beeinträchtigungen würden solche Technologien akzeptieren. Bei der Entwicklung solcher Systeme sollte auf eine einfache Bedienbarkeit geachtet werden.
Direct counterfactual communication via quantum Zeno effect
Authors: Cao Yuan , Li Yu-Huai , Cao Zhu , Yin Juan , Chen Yu-Ao , Yin Hua-Lei , Chen Teng-Yun , Ma Xiongfeng , Peng Cheng-Zhi , Pan Jian-Wei 
Published: April 2017

Significance
Recent theoretical studies have shown that quantum mechanics allows counterfactual communication, even without actual transmission of physical particles, which raised a heated debate on its interpretation. Although several papers have been published on the theoretical aspects of the subject, a faithful experimental demonstration is missing. Here, by using the quantum Zeno effect and a single-photon source, direct communication without carrier particle transmission is implemented successfully. We experimentally demonstrate the feasibility of direct counterfactual communication with the current technique. The results of our work can help deepen the understanding of quantum mechanics. Furthermore, our experimental scheme is applicable to other quantum technologies, such as imaging and state preparation.
Gender and number processing in second language Swahili
Authors: Spinner Patti , Foote Rebecca , Upor Rose Acen 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
For native speakers, congruent gender marking on determiners and adjectives facilitates recognition of subsequent nouns, while
incongruent marking inhibits recognition (e.g., Bates et al., 1996). However, there is
conflicting evidence regarding whether second language learners demonstrate this effect. We investigated this issue in Swahili.
Native speakers and English-speaking L2 learners of Swahili in their 3rd-5th semester completed two word repetition tasks, one
examining gender and one number. Participants heard verb-noun phrases in Swahili with verbal marking that was congruent,
incongruent or neutral with respect to gender or number. The time to repeat each noun was recorded. Both language groups appeared
sensitive to number marking; however, only native speakers appeared sensitive to gender marking. The findings suggest the lack of
a feature in the L1 may impede online processing in the L2, while the presence of a feature may mean that native-like processing
is possible, even at early levels of proficiency.
Scanlon’s modal metaphysics
Authors: Rosen Gideon 
Published: April 2017

AbstractInBeing Realistic About Reasons(Oxford University Press, 2014) T. M. Scanlon argues that particular fact about reasons are explained by contingent non-normative facts together with pure normative principles. A question then arises about the modal status of these pure principles. Scanlon maintains that they are necessary in a sense, and suggests that they are ‘metaphysically’ necessary. I argue that the best view for Scanlon to take, given his other commitments, is that these pure normative principles are metaphysically contingent in some cases and necessary only in a weaker sense.
Glucose–fructose ingestion and exercise performance: The gastrointestinal tract and beyond
Authors: Rosset Robin , Egli Léonie , Lecoultre Virgile 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCarbohydrate ingestion can improve endurance exercise performance. In the past two decades, research has repeatedly reported the performance benefits of formulations comprising both glucose and fructose (GLUFRU) over those based on glucose (GLU). This has been usually related to additive effects of these two monosaccharides on the gastrointestinal tract whereby intestinal carbohydrate absorption is enhanced and discomfort limited. This is only a partial explanation, since glucose and fructose are also metabolized through different pathways after being absorbed from the gut. In contrast to glucose that is readily used by every body cell type, fructose is specifically targeted to the liver where it is mainly converted into glucose and lactate. The ingestion of GLUFRU may thereby profoundly alter hepatic function ultimately raising both glucose and lactate fluxes. During exercise, this particular profile of circulating carbohydrate may induce a spectrum of effects on muscle metabolism possibly resulting in an improved performance. Compared to GLU alone, GLUFRU ingestion could also induce several non‐metabolic effects which are so far largely unexplored. Through its metabolite lactate, fructose may act on central fatigue and/or alter metabolic regulation. Future research could further define the effects of GLUFRU over other exercise modalities and different athletic populations, using several of the hypotheses discussed in this review.
Recognizing common parasitic infestations
Authors: Truscott Judy , Abebe Alyssa , Donkers Kelly , Segers Daria 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
Parasitic infestations commonly are seen in patients in primary care, urgent care, and EDs. These infestations are a common cause of pruritus and may lead to secondary infestations. This article reviews the signs and symptoms of pinworms, lice, bedbug, and scabies infestations, as well as diagnosis and appropriate treatment.