bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A heterogeneous potassium supply enhances the leaf potassium concentration of ridge‐cultivated tobacco grown in calcareous soil
Authors: Lu Dianjun , Huan Weiwei , Yan Taotao , Wang Yiliu , Jiang Chaoqiang , Zhang Xiang , Chen Xiaoqin , Wang Huoyan , Zu Chaolong , Zhou Jianmin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe high potassium (K)‐fixing capacity of calcareous soils with homogeneous K supply limits crop K concentration. The objective of this study was to determine the increase in the leaf K concentration of tobacco (Nicotiana tabaccum L.) with a heterogeneous K supply. Two field experiments were conducted from 2013 to 2015 with five K rates applied in homogeneous environments and one K rate applied in varying fractions of soil volume (from 0% to 100%) in heterogeneous environments. Under ridge culture, leaf biomass was not significantly affected by homogeneous (K rate) or heterogeneous (patch size) K management. Under homogeneous conditions, increasing the K supply to three times the standard rate used by farmers (249 kg K ha−1) increased leaf K concentration significantly, but the effect was limited and not cost‐effective. Heterogeneous supply of K fertilizer at the standard K rate in patches of 0–40% of soil volume outperformed homogeneous K supply in terms of leaf K concentrations. Furthermore, K fertilizer mixed in intermediate soil volume fractions of 1–20% resulted in higher leaf K concentrations than the smallest (0%) and larger (30–40%) soil fractions. However, such K‐rich patch application should be managed precisely with specific placement due to the sharp reduction in available K with increasing distance from the fertilizer. To maximize the sorption of immobile K, the match between the uptake volume of the rhizosphere and the area available for K diffusion is important.
Kinematic evaluation of penetration and aspiration in laryngeal elevating and descending periods
Authors: Kiyohara Hideyuki , Adachi Kazuo , Kikuchi Yoshikazu , Uchi Ryutaro , Sawatsubashi Motohiro , Nakagawa Takashi 
Published: September 2017

ObjectivesIt is important to evaluate swallowing movements by dividing them into periods of laryngeal closure and release. The purpose of this study was to evaluate penetration–aspiration (PA) according to human pathophysiology and to identify the factors for predicting PA.Study DesignCase‐control study.MethodsEighty‐one patients with complaints of dysphagia caused by various etiologies were enrolled in this study. Videofluoroscopic swallowing studies were conducted, and the spatial and temporal factors were analyzed by computer‐assisted motion analysis.ResultsThe initiation of laryngeal vestibule closure in the laryngeal elevating period and its duration in the laryngeal descending period were significant factors for evaluating PA.ConclusionA knowledge of the delay of laryngeal vestibule closure in the laryngeal elevating period and its short duration in the laryngeal descending period could make it easier to evaluate the risk of PA.Level of Evidence3b. Laryngoscope, 128:806–811, 2018
The supply chain for academic books: Why is it so complex and how might we drive change?
Authors: Jubb Michael , Fisher Richard 
Published: September 2017

Key points
The supply chain for monographs and related types of books is much more complex than that for journals.
Sales per title are falling, while the efforts devoted to marketing individual titles have diminished too.
Readers have a strong preference for physical print rather than e‐books, while libraries’ preference in purchasing is the other way round.
Publishers, intermediaries, and libraries all face additional costs and complexity because they must continue to deal with both print and e‐books.
Current inefficiencies in the supply chain act as a restraint on discoverability, demand, and access to academic books.
Butyrate‐Loaded Chitosan/Hyaluronan Nanoparticles: A Suitable Tool for Sustained Inhibition of ROS Release by Activated Neutrophils
Authors: Sacco Pasquale , Decleva Eva , Tentor Fabio , Menegazzi Renzo , Borgogna Massimiliano , Paoletti Sergio , Kristiansen Kåre Andre , Vårum Kjell Morten , Marsich Eleonora 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTissue damage caused by excessive amounts of neutrophil‐derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) occurs in many inflammatory diseases. Butyrate is a short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA) with known anti‐inflammatory properties, able to modulate several neutrophil functions. Evidence is provided here that butyrate inhibits neutrophil ROS release in a dose and time‐dependent fashion. Given the short half‐life of butyrate, chitosan/hyaluronan nanoparticles are next designed and developed as controlled release carriers able to provide cells with a long‐lasting supply of this SCFA. Notably, while the inhibition of neutrophil ROS production by free butyrate declines over time, that of butyrate‐loaded chitosan/hyaluronan nanoparticles (B‐NPs) is sustained. Additional valuable features of these nanoparticles are inherent ROS scavenger activity, resistance to cell internalization, and mucoadhesiveness. B‐NPs appear as promising tools to limit ROS‐dependent tissue injury during inflammation. Particularly, by virtue of their mucoadhesiveness, B‐NPs administered by enema can be effective in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.
Contrast in the East Asian subtropical westerly jet and its association with precipitation in China between early summer and midsummer
Authors: Xuan Shouli , Zhang Qingyun , Sun Shuqing , Shi Chunlin 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThe interannual variations of the East Asian subtropical westerly jet (EASWJ) and its related precipitation and atmospheric circulations during early summer and midsummer were investigated. The possible causes for the contrast between early summer and midsummer were also investigated. The results indicate that, in early summer, the EASWJ is influenced by a teleconnection pattern spanning the middle to high latitude region from the North Atlantic to the East Asian coast. Associated with the eastward pointing wave activity flux (WAF) along this zonal propagated wave train, the height anomaly in the middle to high latitude of East Asia exhibits alternating negative−positive−negative distributions in abnormal southward EASWJ years, resulting in anomalous convergence and increased precipitation in regions south of the Yangtze River (SYR). However, in midsummer, the EASWJ is more closely related to lower latitude circulations. A south‐to‐north propagated WAF, which originates from the South China Sea and tropical western Pacific, is responsible for the maintenance of the anomalous EASWJ and western Pacific subtropical high. Associated with the stronger and westward shifted western Pacific subtropical high and abnormal southward EASWJ, precipitation increases in the Yangtze‐Huaihe River Valley and decreases SYR, and vice versa. Contrast in the EASWJ‐related preceding sea surface temperature (SST) between early summer and midsummer were also investigated. In early summer, the meridional displacement of the EASWJ was significantly influenced by the North Atlantic SST in the preceding March–April period, whereas in midsummer the EASWJ displacement was strongly connected to the tropical Pacific SST in the preceding April–June period.
Green and Chamomile Teas, but not Acarbose, Attenuate Glucose and Fructose Transport via Inhibition of GLUT2 and GLUT5
Authors: Villa‐Rodriguez Jose A. , Aydin Ebru , Gauer Julia S. , Pyner Alison , Williamson Gary , Kerimi Asimina 
Published: September 2017

ScopeHigh glycaemic sugars result in blood‐glucose spikes, while large doses of post‐prandial fructose inundate the liver, causing an imbalance in energy metabolism, both leading to increased risk of metabolic malfunction and type 2 diabetes. Acarbose, used for diabetes management, reduces post‐prandial hyperglycaemia by delaying carbohydrate digestion.Methods and resultsChamomile and green teas both inhibited digestive enzymes (α‐amylase and maltase) related to intestinal sugar release, as already established for acarbose. However, acarbose had no effect on uptake of sugars using both differentiated human Caco‐2 cell monolayers and Xenopus oocytes expressing human glucose transporter‐2 (GLUT2) and GLUT5. Both teas effectively inhibited transport of fructose and glucose through GLUT2 inhibition, while chamomile tea also inhibited GLUT5. Long term incubation of Caco‐2/TC7 cells with chamomile tea for 16 h or 4 days did not enhance the observed effects, indicating that inhibition is acute. Sucrase activity was directly inhibited by green tea and acarbose, but not chamomile.ConclusionThese findings show that chamomile and green teas are potential tools to manage absorption and metabolism of sugars with efficacy against high sugar bolus stress inflicted, for example, by high fructose syrups, where the drug acarbose would be ineffective.
Outlier identification in radiation therapy knowledge‐based planning: A study of pelvic cases
Authors: Sheng Yang , Ge Yaorong , Yuan Lulin , Li Taoran , Yin Fang‐Fang , Wu Qingrong Jackie 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to apply statistical metrics to identify outliers and to investigate the impact of outliers on knowledge‐based planning in radiation therapy of pelvic cases. We also aimed to develop a systematic workflow for identifying and analyzing geometric and dosimetric outliers.MethodsFour groups (G1–G4) of pelvic plans were sampled in this study. These include the following three groups of clinical IMRT cases: G1 (37 prostate cases), G2 (37 prostate plus lymph node cases) and G3 (37 prostate bed cases). Cases in G4 were planned in accordance with dynamic‐arc radiation therapy procedure and include 10 prostate cases in addition to those from G1. The workflow was separated into two parts: 1. identifying geometric outliers, assessing outlier impact, and outlier cleaning; 2. identifying dosimetric outliers, assessing outlier impact, and outlier cleaning. G2 and G3 were used to analyze the effects of geometric outliers (first experiment outlined below) while G1 and G4 were used to analyze the effects of dosimetric outliers (second experiment outlined below).

A baseline model was trained by regarding all G2 cases as inliers. G3 cases were then individually added to the baseline model as geometric outliers. The impact on the model was assessed by comparing leverages of inliers (G2) and outliers (G3). A receiver‐operating‐characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to determine the optimal threshold. The experiment was repeated by training the baseline model with all G3 cases as inliers and perturbing the model with G2 cases as outliers.
A separate baseline model was trained with 32 G1 cases. Each G4 case (dosimetric outlier) was subsequently added to perturb the model. Predictions of dose‐volume histograms (DVHs) were made using these perturbed models for the remaining 5 G1 cases. A Weighted Sum of Absolute Residuals (WSAR) was used to evaluate the impact of the dosimetric outliers.
ResultsThe leverage of inliers and outliers was significantly different. The Area‐Under‐Curve (AUC) for differentiating G2 (outliers) from G3 (inliers) was 0.98 (threshold: 0.27) for the bladder and 0.81 (threshold: 0.11) for the rectum. For differentiating G3 (outlier) from G2 (inlier), the AUC (threshold) was 0.86 (0.11) for the bladder and 0.71 (0.11) for the rectum. Significant increase in WSAR was observed in the model with 3 dosimetric outliers for the bladder (P < 0.005 with Bonferroni correction), and in the model with only 1 dosimetric outlier for the rectum (P < 0.005).ConclusionsWe established a systematic workflow for identifying and analyzing geometric and dosimetric outliers, and investigated statistical metrics for outlier detection. Results validated the necessity for outlier detection and clean‐up to enhance model quality in clinical practice.
Technical Note: Investigating the impact of field size on patient selection for the 1.5T MR‐Linac
Authors: Chuter Robert W. , Whitehurst Philip , Choudhury Ananya , van Herk Marcel , McWilliam Alan 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThe 1.5 T Elekta MR‐Linac, due to the construction of the system will have a maximum radiation field size in the superior‐inferior patient direction of 22 cm at isocentre. The field size may impact on the patient groups which can be treated on the system. This technical note aims to address the question of which treatment sites will be affected by field size limitations on the MR‐Linac.MethodsUsing historical data for 11 595 cases over 2 yr treated at the authors’ institution, the proportion of plans that would fit the MR‐Linac's field size was determined for eleven patient groups. In addition, cervix plans were analyzed to determine the length of the two Clinical Target Volumes (CTVs) and any overlap between them.ResultsWith a 1 cm margin to allow for online plan adaption, 80% of all plans would be suitable for the MR‐Linac due to the field size. This percentage increases to 100% for smaller tumor volumes such as prostate and brain. However, for cervix and three dose‐level head and neck plans the percentage becomes 61% and 66%, respectively.ConclusionThe maximum radiation field size of the MR‐Linac in the superior‐inferior patient direction is 22 cm. With a 1 cm margin approximately 80% of all plans would be suitable for the MR‐Linac with the available field size, decreasing to 61% for larger tumor volumes. For cervix patients this may motivate investigations into treating each CTV with a separate isocentre, allowing for careful control of matching fields.
Finding “hard to find” literature on hard to find groups: A novel technique to search grey literature on refugees and asylum seekers
Authors: Enticott Joanne , Buck Kimberly , Shawyer Frances 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThere is a lack of information on how to execute effective searches of the grey literature on refugee and asylum seeker groups for inclusion in systematic reviews. High‐quality government reports and other grey literature relevant to refugees may not always be identified in conventional literature searches. During the process of conducting a recent systematic review, we developed a novel strategy for systematically searching international refugee and asylum seeker‐related grey literature. The approach targets governmental health departments and statistical agencies, who have considerable access to refugee and asylum seeker populations for research purposes but typically do not publish findings in academic forums. Compared to a conventional grey literature search strategy, our novel technique yielded an eightfold increase in relevant high‐quality grey sources that provided valuable content in informing our review. Incorporating a search of the grey literature into systematic reviews of refugee and asylum seeker research is essential to providing a more complete view of the evidence. Our novel strategy offers a practical and feasible method of conducting systematic grey literature searches that may be adaptable to a range of research questions, contexts, and resource constraints.
In vivo whole‐blood T2 versus HbO2 calibration by modulating blood oxygenation level in the femoral vein through intermittent cuff occlusion
Authors: Langham Michael C. , Rodríguez‐Soto Ana E. , Schwartz Nadav , Wehrli Felix W. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeTo investigate the feasibility of estimating calibration constants (K and T2o) in vivo for converting whole‐blood T2 to blood hemoglobin oxygen saturation (HbO2) according to the Luz‐Meiboom model,
, where K and T2o are relaxivity and transverse relaxation time of fully saturated blood, respectively.MethodsA range of HbO2 values was achieved in the superficial femoral vein with intermittent cuff occlusion in seven healthy adults (four males) to establish a calibration curve between blood T2 and HbO2 at 1.5T. HbO2 was derived via MR susceptometry, a technique previously validated, and the transverse relaxation time was quantified with an optimized T2‐prepared balanced steady‐state free precession pulse sequence. To evaluate the accuracy of the in vivo calibration method, T2 and HbO2 were quantified in the superior sagittal sinus in six additional subjects and compared with susceptometry.ResultsTwo sets of gender‐specific calibration constants were derived, one for each gender corresponding to hematocrits of 0.47 ± 0.02 for males and 0.38 ± 0.01 for females, yielding K/T2o = 41 Hz/260 ms and 26 Hz/280 ms, respectively. The in vivo calibration returned physiologically plausible superior sagittal sinus SvO2 values (65 ± 5% HbO2), and there was no significant difference between the results from the two methods (average difference −0.3% HbO2).ConclusionThe results show feasibility of performing in vivo calibration for converting whole‐blood T2 to HbO2. The proposed approach bypasses the involved and cumbersome processes associated with in vitro calibration. Magn Reson Med 79:2290–2296, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Incomplete initial nutation diffusion imaging: An ultrafast, single‐scan approach for diffusion mapping
Authors: Ianuş Andrada , Shemesh Noam 
Published: September 2017

PurposeDiffusion MRI is confounded by the need to acquire at least two images separated by a repetition time, thereby thwarting the detection of rapid dynamic microstructural changes. The issue is exacerbated when diffusivity variations are accompanied by rapid changes in T2. The purpose of the present study is to accelerate diffusion MRI acquisitions such that both reference and diffusion‐weighted images necessary for quantitative diffusivity mapping are acquired in a single‐shot experiment.MethodsA general methodology termed incomplete initial nutation diffusion imaging (INDI), capturing two diffusion contrasts in a single shot, is presented. This methodology creates a longitudinal magnetization reservoir that facilitates the successive acquisition of two images separated by only a few milliseconds. The theory behind INDI is presented, followed by proof‐of‐concept studies in water phantom, ex vivo, and in vivo experiments at 16.4 and 9.4 T.ResultsMean diffusivities extracted from INDI were comparable with diffusion tensor imaging and the two‐shot isotropic diffusion encoding in the water phantom. In ex vivo mouse brain tissues, as well as in the in vivo mouse brain, mean diffusivities extracted from conventional isotropic diffusion encoding and INDI were in excellent agreement. Simulations for signal‐to‐noise considerations identified the regimes in which INDI is most beneficial.ConclusionsThe INDI method accelerates diffusion MRI acquisition to single‐shot mode, which can be of great importance for mapping dynamic microstructural properties in vivo without T2 bias. Magn Reson Med 79:2198–2204, 2018. © 2017 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Advancement of the German version of the moral distress scale for acute care nurses—A mixed methods study
Authors: Kleinknecht‐Dolf Michael , Spichiger Elisabeth , Müller Marianne , Bartholomeyczik Sabine , Spirig Rebecca 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimMoral distress experienced by nurses in acute care hospitals can adversely impact the affected nurses, their patients and their hospitals; therefore, it is advisable for organizations to establish internal monitoring of moral distress. However, until now, no suitable questionnaire has been available for use in German‐speaking contexts. Hence, the aim of this study was to develop and psychometrically test a German‐language version of the Moral Distress Scale.DesignWe chose a sequential explanatory mixed methods design, followed by a second quantitative cross‐sectional survey.MethodsAn American moral distress scale was chosen, translated, culturally adapted, tested in a pilot study and subsequently used in 2011 to conduct an initial web‐based quantitative cross‐sectional survey of nurses in all inpatient units at five hospitals in Switzerland's German‐speaking region. Data were analysed descriptively and via a Rasch analysis. In 2012, four focus group interviews were conducted with 26 nurses and then evaluated using knowledge maps. The results were used to improve the questionnaire. In 2015, using the revised German‐language instrument, a second survey and Rasch analysis were conducted.ResultsThe descriptive results of the first survey's participants (n = 2153; response rate: 44%) indicated that moral distress is a salient phenomenon in Switzerland. The data from the focus group interviews and the Rasch analysis produced information valuable for the questionnaire's further development. Alongside the data from the second survey's participants (n = 1965; response rate: 40%), the Rasch analysis confirmed the elimination of previous deficiencies on its psychometrics. A Rasch‐scaled German version of the Moral Distress Scale is now available for use.
Information fusion estimation–based flight control of a nonlinear jumbo jet under wind disturbance
Authors: Zhen Ziyang , Xu Yue , Jiang Ju 
Published: September 2017

SummaryWind disturbance has a large impact on the safety and comfort of jumbo jets. An information fusion estimation–based control method, which is based on the linearization‐based design strategy, is proposed for the flight control of a nonlinear jumbo jet to restrain wind disturbance. A complete nonlinear model of the jumbo jet is developed based on the aerodynamic data and parameters of a Boeing jumbo jet. An information fusion control (IFC) scheme based on information fusion estimation is presented for the nonzero‐state tracking problem of the linear system with disturbance. The IFC scheme fuses the information of desired future states, desired control inputs, system dynamic equations, and performance index function. IFC is applied in the automatic flight control system of the jumbo jet to design the longitudinal flight controller and lateral flight controller. Simulation results show the feasibility and effectiveness of the IFC in the flight control of the jumbo jet, as compared with the PID control and the traditional linear quadratic optimal control.
Chronic steroid‐response pancytopenia and increased bone density due to thromboxane synthase deficiency
Authors: Sharma Richa , Sierra Potchanant Elizabeth , Schwartz Jennifer E. , Nalepa Grzegorz 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDiagnosis of bone marrow failure (BMF) disorders is challenging but essential for optimal patient management. Here, we report a young adult from nonconsanguineous parents with progressive pancytopenia since childhood, bone pain, increased bone density, and haphazard ossification replacing hematopoiesis within the bone marrow. Sequencing revealed two novel biallelic variants of unknown significance within the thromboxane A synthase gene, TBXAS1 (c.266T > C; c.989T > C), bioinformatically predicted to disrupt the protein. TBXAS1 mutations result in Ghosal hematodiaphyseal dysplasia (OMIM 231095), the autosomal recessive syndrome associated with abnormal bone structure and BMF. Identification of the genetic defect prompted steroid therapy leading to resolution of symptoms.