bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Host modulation: controlling the inflammation to control the infection
Authors: Bartold P. Mark , Van Dyke Thomas E. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHistorically, periodontal disease (gingivitis and periodontitis) has been recognized as being primarily of bacterial origin. However, recent evidence indicates that while bacteria are necessary for disease development they are not sufficient for the clinical manifestation of the many and varied forms of periodontal disease. It is becoming increasingly apparent that it is the host inflammatory response to the subgingival bacteria that is responsible for the tissue damage and, most likely, progression of the disease. We explore the concept that it is the subgingival microenvironment modified by the inflammatory response that leads to a change from a commensal to pathogenic microbiota. In this review, we examine the evidence for the emerging paradigm supporting the central role of inflammation rather than specific microbiota in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, and that by controlling the inflammation, it is possible to control the infection. As an extension of this, we propose a working model for the ongoing monitoring of periodontal patients using the medical model of ‘treat to target’.
Nonsurgical and surgical treatment of periodontitis: how many options for one disease?
Authors: Graziani Filippo , Karapetsa Dimitra , Alonso Bettina , Herrera David 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTreatment of periodontitis aims at preventing further disease progression with the intentions to reduce the risk of tooth loss, minimize symptoms and perception of the disease, possibly restore lost periodontal tissue and provide information on maintaining a healthy periodontium. Therapeutic intervention includes introduction of techniques to change behavior, such as: individually tailored oral‐hygiene instructions; a smoking‐cessation program; dietary adjustment; subgingival instrumentation to remove plaque and calculus; local and systemic pharmacotherapy; and various types of surgery. No single treatment option has shown superiority, and virtually all types of mechanical periodontal treatment benefit from adjunctive antimicrobial chemotherapy. Periodontal treatment, because of the chronic nature of periodontitis, is a lifelong commitment to intricate oral‐hygiene techniques, which, when properly implemented, will minimize the risk of disease initiation and progression.
Periodontitis: facts, fallacies and the future
Authors: Slots Jørgen 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis volume ofPeriodontology 2000represents the 25th anniversary of the Journal, and uses the occasion to assess important advancements in periodontology over the past quarter‐century as well as the hurdles that remain. Periodontitis is defined by pathologic loss of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. The disease involves complex dynamic interactions among active herpesviruses, specific bacterial pathogens and destructive immune responses. Periodontal diagnostics is currently based on clinical rather than etiologic criteria, and provides limited therapeutic guidance. Periodontal causative treatment consists of scaling, antiseptic rinses and occasionally systemic antibiotics, and surgical intervention has been de‐emphasized, except perhaps for the most advanced types of periodontitis. Plastic surgical therapy includes soft‐tissue grafting to cover exposed root surfaces and bone grafting to provide support for implants. Dental implants are used to replace severely diseased or missing teeth, but implant overuse is of concern. The utility of laser treatment for periodontitis remains unresolved. Host modulation and risk‐factor modification therapies may benefit select patient groups. Patient self‐care is a critical part of periodontal health care, and twice‐weekly oral rinsing with 0.10‐0.25% sodium hypochlorite constitutes a valuable adjunct to conventional anti‐plaque and anti‐gingivitis treatments. A link between periodontal herpesviruses and systemic diseases is a strong biological plausibility. In summary, research during the past 25 years has significantly changed our concepts of periodontitis pathobiology and has produced more‐effective and less‐costly therapeutic options.
Community‐acquired pneumonia management and outcomes in the era of health information technology
Authors: Mecham Ian D. , Vines Caroline , Dean Nathan C. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTPneumonia continues to be a leading cause of hospitalization and mortality. Implementation of health information technology (HIT) can lead to cost savings and improved care. In this review, we examine the literature on the use of HIT in the management of community‐acquired pneumonia. We also discuss barriers to adoption of technology in managing pneumonia, the reliability and quality of electronic health data in pneumonia research, how technology has assisted pneumonia diagnosis and outcomes research. The goal of using HIT is to develop and deploy generalizable, real‐time, computerized clinical decision support integrated into usual pneumonia care. A friendly user interface that does not disrupt efficiency and demonstrates improved clinical outcomes should result in widespread adoption.
Remittances and return migration
Authors: Collier William , Piracha Matloob , Randazzo Teresa 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis paper utilizes survey data of return migrants to analyze the determinants of remittances sent while the migrants were abroad. We approach our research question from the perspective of three sending countries in the Maghreb, namely Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia. We investigate the remittance behavior using the migrants’ conditions before migration as well as during the migration experience. Using a two‐part model, we show that the decision to remit and the amount remitted depend on a combination of different migrant characteristics and reasons for migration as well as the form of migration. More importantly, we also consider if the remittance behavior is dependent on the type of return: “decided” or “compelled.” We show that the two groups have different incentives to remit, which can help explain the link between type of migrants and their remittance behavior.
Can Cameras Stop the Killings? Racial Differences in Perceptions of the Effectiveness of Body‐Worn Cameras in Police Encounters,
Authors: Ray Rashawn , Marsh Kris , Powelson Connor 
Published: July 2017

Recent killings of blacks by police have renewed a national discussion about crime, racism, unjust treatment, and implicit bias. Outfitting police officers with body‐worn cameras (BWC) is heralded by federal and state lawmakers as one solution to providing more transparency during police encounters. Missing from this discussion is what everyday citizens think about the potential effectiveness of BWC. Using data on residents of Prince George's County, Maryland, this study explores racial differences in views about police treatment and the effectiveness of BWC. We find that nonwhites report more fear of and mistreatment by the police than whites. Regarding BWC, we find that respondents are either supporters or skeptics. On one hand, respondents either believe that BWC will illuminate the difficulties of policing—police supporters—or create more transparency to hold officers more accountable for their actions—citizen supporters. On the other hand, skeptics fall into one of two types—respondents who think that BWC may put police officers more at risks—privacy skeptics—or those who do not see BWC as structurally changing the power dynamics between citizens and police officers—structural skeptics. We conclude by discussing how BWC may operate as a solution to improve interactions between citizens and the police but not necessarily alter power relations.
Mitigation of the threat posed to transfusion by donors traveling to Zika‐affected areas: a Canadian risk‐based approach
Authors: Germain Marc , Delage Gilles , O'Brien Sheila F. , Grégoire Yves , Fearon Margaret , Devine Dana 
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUNDThe recent spread of the Zika virus to the Americas and the recognition that it can cause severe disease in the developing fetus has prompted the adoption of measures to mitigate the risk that this virus might pose to transfusion safety. In nonendemic countries, the risk to transfusion results from donors traveling to an endemic region. Canada implemented a 21‐day temporary deferral for prospective donors who traveled to such regions. We present the rationale for this policy, including a quantitative risk assessment supported by a Monte Carlo simulation.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThe model considered the following parameters, each with specified values and ranges: the probability that a donor recently returned from a Zika‐endemic region, the duration of travel to this region, the daily risk of acquiring Zika while in an endemic region, and the incubation and viremic periods. We ran the simulation 20 times, each with 10 million iterations.RESULTSIn the absence of any travel deferral, 32 donors (range, 20‐46 donors) would be able to donate while still being at risk of transmitting Zika, corresponding to a rate of 1:312,500 (range, 1:217,000 to 1:500,000). None of these donors would be viremic beyond 21 days after returning from their travel, with a risk estimated at less than 1:200,000,000.CONCLUSIONSA 21‐day temporary travel deferral offers an extremely wide margin of safety for the possible transmission of Zika by a donation obtained from someone who recently returned from a country where the virus is circulating.
Mandibular body fracture repair with wire‐reinforced interdental composite splint in small dogs
Authors: Guzu Michel , Hennet Philippe R. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo report the outcome of mandibular body fractures treated with a wire‐reinforced interdental composite splint (WRICS) in small breed dogs.Study designRetrospective case series.AnimalsClient‐owned small breed dogs (n = 24).MethodsMedical records (1998‐2012) of small breed dogs (<10 kg) with mandibular body fractures treated by WRICS were reviewed for signalment, history, type of fracture, treatment, and clinical and radiological follow‐up. The angle of the fracture line (ANG) was measured on dental radiographs. A mandibular injury severity score (MISS) and a dental injury score (DIS) were evaluated as potential prognostic factors.ResultsFractures most commonly involved P4‐M1 (56%), and healed in a mean time of 2.37 ± 0.7 months. Healing was slower (P = .012) if teeth were present in the fracture line and required extraction, hemisection, or root canal therapy prior to WRICS placement (2.39 ± 0.7 months) than if no dental treatment was required (1.46 ± 0.8 months). Contrary to the MISS, the DIS was associated with longer time to bone healing (P = .001; r = .63) and risk of complications (P = .004). Bone healing time was decreased (P = .003; r = .61) with increasing fracture angles.ConclusionWRICS can be considered to treat mandibular body fractures in small breed dogs if the fracture is not severely comminuted, and if at least the canine and first molar tooth can be used for anchorage. More severe lesions, such as those with teeth in the fracture line and a shorter fracture surface, are associated with prolonged bone healing.
An approach to setting ecological flow thresholds for southern English chalk streams
Authors: Westwood Christian G. , England Judy , Dunbar Michael J. , Holmes Nigel T. H. , Leeming David J. , Hammond Diana 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis paper presents a study of 10 English chalk streams in the River Thames Basin historically affected by abstraction of groundwater. Using macroinvertebrates, macrophytes and river discharge records from across 76 monitoring sites, and spanning the period 1992–2009 we assess how the communities change over time. River discharge is seen to be the most influential variable in biological community composition, and is used to calculate the annual average river discharge (in m3/s) needed to sustain different biological assemblages at each study site, from the lowest to the highest expression of fluvial aquatic community development. This represents a bottom‐up or site‐specific approach to the determination of ecological flow thresholds, from which more empirical trends may be inferred at regional level. The approach also provides a useful understanding of the timescales involved in the recovery of communities from drought.
Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for chronic wounds: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhang Li , Weng Changshui , Zhao Zhanbo , Fu Xiaobing 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA growing number of clinical studies demonstrate that extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is a feasible noninvasive method for improving chronic wound healing. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to assess the effectiveness of ESWT compared with that of the standard care treatment for the healing of chronic wounds, irrespective of etiology, in clinical practice. Randomized controlled trials that investigated the effect of ESWT on chronic wounds with different etiologies from 2000 to 2017 were included in this review. The methodological quality of each selected article was rated using the Jadad scale. A fixed or random effects model was used to calculate the pooled effect sizes according to the heterogeneity of the studies. The cumulative effect of ESWT on each outcome was illustrated using forest plots. Seven randomized controlled trials involving 301 subjects were included in this review. Meta‐analyses revealed that the use of ESWT as an adjunct to wound treatment could significantly accelerate the impaired healing process of chronic wounds. Compared with the control treatment, ESWT markedly increased the wound healing rate by 1.86‐fold (OR = 2.86, 95% CI: 1.63–5.03, p = 0.0003) and the percentage of the wound healing area by 30.46% (SMD = 30.46; 95% CI: 23.80–37.12; p < 0.00001). In addition, the wound healing time was reduced by 19 days (SMD = −19.11, 95% CI: −23.74–(–14.47), p < 0.00001) in chronic wound patients. No serious complications or adverse effects were observed secondary to the application of ESWT. The above data suggested that ESWT as an adjunct to wound treatment, could more significantly improve the healing process of chronic wounds than the standard care treatment alone. More high‐quality, well‐controlled randomized trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy of ESWT in clinical practice.
Nurses’ Perceived Barriers to Bedside Handover and Their Implication for Clinical Practice
Authors: Tobiano Georgia , Whitty Jennifer A. , Bucknall Tracey , Chaboyer Wendy 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTBackground and RationaleBedside handover during the change of shift allows nurses to visualize patients and facilitate patient participation, both purported to improve patient safety. But, bedside handover does not always occur and when it does, it may not involve the patient.AimTo explore and understand barriers nurses perceive in undertaking bedside handover.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was administered to 200 nurses working on medical wards, recruited from two Australian hospitals, one private and one public. As part of the survey, there was one open‐ended question asking about perceived barriers to bedside handover. Content analysis was used to analyze data. Barriers were assessed using a determinant framework.ResultsThe open‐ended question was answered by 176 (88%) participants. Three categories were identified. First, censoring the message showed nurses were concerned about patients and third‐parties hearing sensitive information. In the second category, disrupting the communication flow, nurses perceived patients, family members, other nurses and external sources, interrupted the flow of handover and increased its duration. Finally, inhibiting characteristics demonstrated that individual patient and nurse views or capabilities hindered bedside handover. Barriers to bedside handover were determined to relate to individual nurse factors, patient factors, social, political and legal factors, and guideline factors.Linking Evidence to ActionSuggestions for enhancing bedside handover include debunking nurses’ misconceptions, reflecting on nurses’ viewpoints, using active educational approaches, and promotion of legal requirements to heighten nurses’ confidence dealing with sensitive information. Regular patient rounding, and standardized handover may enable patient involvement in handover. Finally, reviewing the local context to ensure organizational processes support bedside handover is recommended.
New fermionic dark matters, extended Standard Model and cosmic rays
Authors: Hwang Jae-Kwang 
Published: July 2017

Three generations of leptons and quarks correspond to the lepton charges (LCs) in this work. Then, the leptons have the electric charges (ECs) and LCs. The quarks have the ECs, LCs and color charges (CCs). Three heavy leptons and three heavy quarks are introduced to make the missing third flavor of EC. Then the three new particles which have the ECs are proposed as the bastons (dark matters) with the rest masses of 26.121 eV/c2, 42.7 GeV/c2 and 1.9 × 10[Formula: see text] eV/c2. These new particles are applied to explain the origins of the astrophysical observations like the ultra-high energy cosmic rays and supernova 1987A anti-neutrino data. It is concluded that the 3.5 keV X-ray peak observed from the cosmic X-ray background spectra is originated not from the pair annihilations of the dark matters but from the X-ray emission of the Q1 baryon atoms which are similar in the atomic structure to the hydrogen atom. The presence of the 3.5 keV cosmic X-ray supports the presence of the Q1 quark with the EC of −4/3. New particles can be indirectly seen from the astrophysical observations like the cosmic ray and cosmic gamma ray. In this work, the systematic quantized charges of EC, LC and CC for the elementary particles are used to consistently explain the decay and reaction schemes of the elementary particles. Also, the strong, weak and dark matter forces are consistently explained.
Abstract 1021: Mutations in SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex sensitize tumors to OXPHOS inhibition
Authors: Deribe Yonathan Lissanu 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Recent large-scale cancer genomic studies have established a framework in which biological functions and genetic interactions of established and novel cancer genes can be explored. One of the major findings of these studies has been the discovery of frequent genetic alterations in chromatin and epigenetic regulators including inactivating mutations in components of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. In lung adenocarcinoma in particular, a quarter of tumors have inactivating mutations in the SWI/SNF components Smarca4, ARID1A or the histone modifier SETD2. With the aim of understanding the mechanism of tumor development and identifying potential vulnerabilities of SWI/SNF mutant tumor, we developed a genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) of lung adenocarcinoma by selectively ablating Smarca4 in the respiratory epithelium. We demonstrate that Smarca4 acts as a bona fide tumor suppressor and cooperates with p53 loss. Cross species integrative gene expression analyses revealed signatures of enhanced oxidative phosphorylation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) response in Smarca4 mutant murine and human lung tumors. We further show that Smarca4 mutant cells have increased oxygen consumption, enhanced basal and maximal respiratory capacity and production of ROS. This is primarily driven by activation of the mitochondrial master regulator, PGC1alpha. Finally, we show that Smarca4 and other SWI/SNF mutant lung cancer cell lines have exquisite sensitivity to inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation using a novel small molecule that is under development. These findings provide a mechanistic basis for further development of OXPHOS inhibitors as therapies in SWI/SNF mutant tumors.
Citation Format: Yonathan Lissanu Deribe. Mutations in SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex sensitize tumors to OXPHOS inhibition [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1021. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-1021
Abstract 1024: Genome-wide examination of topological variability reveals cell type-specific mechanisms of oncogene activation
Authors: Lareau Caleb , Aryee Martin 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
INTRODUCTION:
The organization of chromatin within the nucleus into hierarchical three-dimensional (3D) structures plays a key role in the regulation of gene expression. Differences in 3D architecture, such as the presence or absence of “loops” between specific enhancers and their target genes, are a major driver of transcriptional and phenotypic variation. By determining the accessibility of genes to transcriptional machinery and distal regulatory regions, mechanisms mediating oncogene activation can be discerned. Recent studies have implicated pathogenic alterations in genome topology with the activation of proto-oncogenes in a multitude of cancers.
METHODS:
To characterize the topological changes associated with different cancer states, we developed a computational suite of tools that facilitates the systematic discovery, annotation, and visualization of features in chromatin topology and assigns statistical confidence estimates to regions with variability between cellular phenotypes. Our framework facilitates the integration of heterogeneous genomic data, including gene expression, histone modification, DNA methylation, open chromatin, and genetic variation, to further characterize changes in 3D genome. Ultimately, we propose a joint model that functionalizes the effect of epigenetic modifications on transcription as mediated through hierarchical chromatin structure.
RESULTS:
We identify regions of topological variation unique to breast cancer, cervical cancer, glioblastomas with and without an IDH1 mutation, melanoma, and leukemia. Patterns of disrupted insulation and subsequent localization of enhancers to proto-oncogenes can be attributed to variation in the epigenome, including variation in DNA methylation and open chromatin, at distal regulatory regions. These 3D alterations provide a mechanism for activation of specific oncogenic pathways, including signaling mediated by p38, PLK3, and BRCA.
CONCLUSIONS:
Variable patterns of chromatin topology provide a unique signature and mechanism of oncogenes for the cancer phenotypes considered. Additionally, our framework provides a novel means for interpreting epigenetic variability, particularly at distal regulatory regions, and explaining transcriptional variation associated with cancer phenotypes as mediated through structural changes in the DNA.
Citation Format: Caleb Lareau, Martin Aryee. Genome-wide examination of topological variability reveals cell type-specific mechanisms of oncogene activation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1024. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-1024