bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macrolide Resistance in Treponema pallidum Correlates With 23S rDNA Mutations in Recently Isolated Clinical Strains
Authors: Molini Barbara J. , Tantalo Lauren C. , Sahi Sharon K. , Rodriguez Veronica I. , Brandt Stephanie L. , Fernandez Mark C. , Godornes Charmie B. , Marra Christina M. , Lukehart Sheila A. 
Published: August 2016

Background
High rates of 23S rDNA mutations implicated in macrolide resistance have been identified in Treponema pallidum samples from syphilis patients in many countries. Nonetheless, some clinicians have been reluctant to abandon azithromycin as a treatment for syphilis, citing the lack of a causal association between these mutations and clinical evidence of drug resistance. Although azithromycin resistance has been demonstrated in vivo for the historical Street 14 strain, no recent T. pallidum isolates have been tested. We used the well-established rabbit model of syphilis to determine the in vivo efficacy of azithromycin against 23S rDNA mutant strains collected in 2004 to 2005 from patients with syphilis in Seattle, Wash.

Methods
Groups of 9 rabbits were each infected with a strain containing 23S rDNA mutation A2058G (strains UW074B, UW189B, UW391B) or A2059G (strains UW228B, UW254B, and UW330B), or with 1 wild type strain (Chicago, Bal 3, and Mexico A). After documentation of infection, 3 animals per strain were treated with azithromycin, 3 were treated with benzathine penicillin G, and 3 served as untreated control groups. Treatment efficacy was documented by darkfield microscopic evidence of T. pallidum, serological response, and rabbit infectivity test.

Results
Azithromycin uniformly failed to cure rabbits infected with strains harboring either 23S rDNA mutation, although benzathine penicillin G was effective. Infections caused by wild type strains were successfully treated by either azithromycin or benzathine penicillin G.

Conclusions
A macrolide resistant phenotype was demonstrated for all strains harboring a 23S rDNA mutation, demonstrating that either A2058G or A2059G mutation confers in vivo drug resistance.
Anin situatomic force microscope for normal-incidence nanofocus X-ray experiments
Authors: Vitorino M. V. , Fuchs Y. , Dane T. , Rodrigues M. S. , Rosenthal M. , Panzarella A. , Bernard P. , Hignette O. , Dupuy L. , Burghammer M. , Costa L. 
Published: August 2016

A compact high-speed X-ray atomic force microscope has been developed forin situuse in normal-incidence X-ray experiments on synchrotron beamlines, allowing for simultaneous characterization of samples in direct space with nanometric lateral resolution while employing nanofocused X-ray beams. In the present work the instrument is used to observe radiation damage effects produced by an intense X-ray nanobeam on a semiconducting organic thin film. The formation of micrometric holes induced by the beam occurring on a timescale of seconds is characterized.
Large-surface-area diamond (111) crystal plates for applications in high-heat-load wavefront-preserving X-ray crystal optics
Authors: Stoupin Stanislav , Antipov Sergey , Butler James E. , Kolyadin Alexander V. , Katrusha Andrey 
Published: August 2016

Fabrication and results of high-resolution X-ray topography characterization of diamond single-crystal plates with large surface area (10 mm × 10 mm) and (111) crystal surface orientation for applications in high-heat-load X-ray crystal optics are reported. The plates were fabricated by laser-cutting of the (111) facets of diamond crystals grown using high-pressure high-temperature methods. The intrinsic crystal quality of a selected 3 mm × 7 mm crystal region of one of the studied samples was found to be suitable for applications in wavefront-preserving high-heat-load crystal optics. Wavefront characterization was performed using sequential X-ray diffraction topography in the pseudo plane wave configuration and data analysis using rocking-curve topography. The variations of the rocking-curve width and peak position measured with a spatial resolution of 13 µm × 13 µm over the selected region were found to be less than 1 µrad.
Implementation of Facebook study groups as supplements for learning management systems in adult ODL environments
Authors: Abeywardena Ishan Sudeera , Yoong Tham Choy 
Published: August 2016

As an open and distance learning (ODL) institution, Wawasan Open University (WOU)
employs a blended approach for delivering courses to its undergraduate and postgraduate
students, who are entirely adult learners. In this approach, the use of a learning management
system (LMS) is absolutely crucial for student support as well as the enhancement of the
whole learning experience to compensate for the lack of face-to-face interaction between
the students and the academics. WawasanLearn, the open source, Moodle-based LMS
system used by WOU, is a comprehensive online tool that enables students and academics
to effectively interact in a virtual environment. However, analysis of data from several
semesters shows that the rate of student interaction on WawasanLearn is low with respect
to the sharing of knowledge.
In order to qualitatively and quantitatively identify the factors contributing to the student
participation rate in WawasanLearn, a survey was conducted among the undergraduate
students studying in various disciplines including science and technology, business
administration, liberal studies, education, languages and communication. Feedback
regarding the manner of support students expect from WawasanLearn was gathered from
close to 550 students throughout Malaysia. Another purpose of the survey was to identify
whether and why students are drawn to participate more frequently in social networking
platforms such as Facebook (facebook.com).
As a result of the findings of the survey, a pilot project was implemented to study the use of
Facebook groups as study groups for supplementing WawasanLearn. These study groups were
run in parallel to WawasanLearn for seven course modules over two consecutive semesters.
This paper discusses the findings of this pilot project with respect to the implementation of
Facebook groups as supplements to the LMS in an adult ODL environment.
Analysis of the cultural factors affecting the proper design of website and electronic courseware for e-Learning in ASEAN
Authors: Khlaisang Jintavee 
Published: August 2016

This study is to understand perspectives of administrators and instructors in higher educational institutes on cultural factors which affect website and electronic courseware for e-Learning in ASEAN. It used an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) to find underlying cultural factors affecting the design of website and electronic courseware for e-Learning in ASEAN. Based on the factors identified, the proposed model of website and electronic courseware for e-Learning in ASEAN along with the prototype were presented at the end. The research procedures included two major steps. Step 1 is based on the review of related literature and the data collection from the survey concerning cultural factors affecting website and electronic courseware. In step 2, experts' interviews were conducted to obtain their opinions concerning the proposed factors, along with discussion about readiness of Thai e-Leaning in higher education so as to become part of the ASEAN Community in 2015, and the model of website and electronic courseware for e-Learning in ASEAN were presented.
The results of this study were the report of the cultural factors affecting the proper design of website and electronic courseware for e-Learning in ASEAN, the proposed model, and the prototype of website and electronic courseware for e-Learning in ASEAN assimilating all the related cultural factors exquisitely.
Integration of Micro Lectures into the Blended Learning Discourse in Tertiary Education#
Authors: Zhang* Xiangyang , Xu Jie 
Published: August 2016

Over the past decades, the Internet has had a profound impact on tertiary education, with the emergence of a new format of distance education. With the broadband-connected World Wide Web, students can now pursue their learning, whether formal or informal, more comfortably and effectively. Also, the rapidly emerging technologies offer academics and educational institutions much greater choice in their instructional approaches and learning environments.
Micro lectures are considered to be one of the most effective modes in blended learning. This paper examines our practice of integrating micro lectures into our English for Business course, using an exploratory case study approach. The study focuses on four fields: learning content with technology; learning support services; learning management; and students' learning experiences. The findings indicate that the great majority of students were satisfied with micro lecture learning, and that the flippedclassroom based on micro lecture learning resources can optimize the learning process. We believe that it is time to integrate micro lectures into formal learning in both online learning and face-to-face classroom teaching.
As assistant principals enter their careers: a case for providing support
Authors: Marshall Catherine , Phelps Davidson Elizabeth 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to offer a viewpoint on the challenges that assistant principals (APs) face and to make the case for intentional mentoring, coaching, and sponsorship of individuals in these roles.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors provide a professional viewpoint based on scholarly literature and their practitioner observation.

Findings
– The authors propose that by focussing on APs, being systematic about supporting APs, and expanding and deepening understandings of the hurdles and dilemmas they face, the schools will have a more robust leadership pipeline and more satisfied and effective APs. They recommend that school districts, whether in the USA or internationally, consider adopting specific and intentional strategies to mentor, coach, and sponsor new APs, with what they call Mentor-Sponsor Models.

Originality/value
– The author recommendation for school districts to create Mentor Banks of qualified, exemplary senior principals who can sponsor and mentor new APs as an “in house” model for developing district talent is an original idea that could be easily implemented in larger school districts.
Surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence–trans‐obturator tape compared with tension‐free vaginal tape–5‐year follow up: an economic evaluation
Authors: Lier D , Robert M , Tang S , Ross S 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveTo conduct an economic evaluation of the use of trans‐obturator tape (TOT) compared with tension‐free vaginal tape (TVT) in the surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women.DesignCost–utility and cost‐effectiveness analyses from a public‐payer perspective, conducted alongside a randomised clinical trial.SettingHealth services provided in Alberta, Canada.SampleA total of 195 women participated in the randomised clinical trial, followed to 5 years postsurgery.MethodsComparisons were undertaken between study groups for cost and two health‐outcome measures. Multiple imputation was used to estimate the 14% of missing data. Bootstrapping was used to account for sampling uncertainty. Sensitivity analyses were based on complete case analyses and the removal of aTVTpatient with extreme health service cost.Main outcome measuresThe 15D instrument was used to calculate quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs) for the primary analysis. Absence of serious adverse events was also analysed. Costs were based on inpatient and outpatient hospital use data and practitioner fee‐for‐service claims data.ResultsTheTOTgroup had a nonsignificant average saving of $2368 (95%CI−$7166 to $2548) and incremental gain of 0.04QALYs (95%CI−0.06 to 0.14) compared withTVT.TOTwas dominant in over 71% of bootstrap replications and cost‐effective over a wide range of willingness‐to‐pay. Cost‐effectiveness analysis using the absence of an serious adverse events provided similar results.ConclusionThe results suggest thatTOTis cost‐effective compared withTVTin the treatment of stress urinary incontinence.Tweetable abstractThe results of a 5‐year cost‐effectiveness analysis suggest that trans‐obturator tape is cost‐effective compared with tension‐free vaginal tape in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence.
Detection of Diatoms by a Combination of Membrane Filtration and Transparentness,
Authors: Zhao Jian , Wang Yuzhong , Liu Chao , Hu Sunlin , Shi He , Wen Jinfeng 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDiagnosis of drowning remains a difficult issue in current forensic sciences. A large number of diatoms were lost by removing the supernatant after centrifugation in the conventional forensic diatom test. We developed a novel membrane filtration method to enrich diatoms from samples. A new solution using different ratios of acetic acid and eugenol is prepared to make the membrane transparent. These processes allow the diatom‐containing membrane to be visualized and identified easily by light microscopy. The tissues contaminated by water rich in diatoms were detected by the new method for the recovery of diatoms. Eleven drowning cases were analyzed by both the new method and the conventional method to compare the sensitivity of both methods. The recovery of the novel diatom test method was 54.2 ± 23.1%. The positive rate of the novel method has been proven to be superior to the conventional method in the diagnosis of drowning.
Pre‐eruptive intracoronal resorption in a third upper molar: clinical, tomographic and histological analysis
Authors: Lenzi R , Marceliano‐Alves MF , Alves FRF , Pires FR , Fidel S 
Published: August 2016

AbstractRadiolucent or hypodense lesions in the crown of unerupted teeth may be due to pre‐eruptive intracoronal resorption. Clinicians must be aware of this risk so that they can diagnose and appropriately treat this condition. The purpose of this study is to present a well‐documented clinical case of pre‐eruptive intracoronal resorption in an impacted third upper left molar of a 63 year old female patient. This was an unexpected finding, which occurred after cone‐beam computed tomography was used to investigate the first upper left molar, which had an acute periradicular abscess. A multidisciplinary team followed up the case to describe clinical, radiographic and histological findings. The available treatment options were discussed, and the tooth extraction was the option chosen. Previous case studies describing such resorption in third upper molars have not been reported. This case shows that all permanent teeth in a pre‐eruptive stage must be analysed radiographically to detect early pre‐eruptive intracoronal resorption.
Ethanol‐injection induces attacks by ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) on a variety of tree species
Authors: Reding Michael E. , Ranger Christopher M. , Oliver Jason B. , Schultz Peter B. , Youssef Nadeer N. , Bray Alicia M. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Exotic ambrosia beetles have become serious pests in ornamental tree nurseries. However, research on their biology, ecology and behaviour to develop management tactics is hampered by the lack of reliable attacks on experimental trees.
Injecting Magnolia virginiana L. with ethanol consistently induced attacks by exotic ambrosia beetles to facilitate research on their biology and management. The ability to attract ambrosia beetles to trap trees may be useful for developing nonchemical strategies and techniques for managing them in nurseries. However, to be useful in management techniques, ethanol‐injection has to reliably induce attacks on a vlariety of tree species.
Experiments were conducted in Ohio, Tennessee and Virginia, where ethanol‐injection was tested on 16 species of deciduous trees from 11 families.
Ethanol‐injection reliably induced attacks by exotic ambrosia beetles on all tree species tested. There were differences in the numbers of attacks by ambrosia beetles among species of trees in most experiments, although no species was identified consistently as the most or least attacked in repeated experiments. The positive association of attacks with ethanol concentrations in bark tissue indicate that the attack rates were most likely related to the uptake and emission of ethanol.
The results of the present study indicate that ethanol‐injection reliably induces ambrosia beetle attacks on a wide range of deciduous tree species, which should further facilitate research on ambrosia beetles in nurseries and the development of behaviour‐based management tactics that divert ambrosia beetles away from ornamental trees.
Enemas, suppositories and rectal stimulation are not effective in accelerating enteral feeding or meconium evacuation in low‐birthweight infants: a systematic review
Authors: Kamphorst Kim , Sietsma Ydelette , Brouwer Annemieke J. , Rood Paul J. T. , van den Hoogen Agnes 
Published: August 2016

AbstractEarly full enteral feeding in preterm infants decreases morbidity and mortality. Our systematic review covered the effectiveness of rectal stimulation, suppositories and enemas on stooling patterns and feeding tolerance in low‐birthweight infants born at up to 32 weeks. It comprised seven studies published between 2007 and 2014 and covered 495 infants.ConclusionSuppositories were ineffective in shortening the time to reach full enteral feeding, and the evidence on enemas was contradictory. Enemas and rectal stimulation did not shorten the time until complete meconium evacuation was reached. Further research into safe, effective interventions to accelerate meconium excretion is needed.
Tinea capitis: Erregerspektrum und Epidemiologie im zeitlichen Wandel
Authors: Ziegler Wiebke , Lempert Sigrid , Goebeler Matthias , Kolb‐Mäurer Annette 
Published: August 2016

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie Tinea capitis ist die häufigste Dermatomykose des Kindesalters. Das Erregerprofil zeigt unterschiedliche geographische Verteilungsmuster und variiert im Laufe der Zeit.Patienten und MethodikZwischen 1990–2014 an der Würzburger Universitätsklinik für Dermatologie erhobene Daten von 150 Patienten mit mykologisch gesicherter Tinea capitis wurden hinsichtlich Alter, Geschlecht und Erregerspektrum analysiert und über zwei Zeiträume von jeweils 12,5 Jahren miteinander verglichen.ErgebnisseObwohl eine Tinea capitis am häufigsten bei Kindern der Altersgruppe zwischen 0 und 5 Jahren diagnostiziert wurde, lag der Anteil betroffener Erwachsener mit 16 % höher als bislang berichtet. Der zoophile Dermatophyt Microsporum canis konnte am häufigsten als Erreger der Tinea capitis identifiziert werden, jedoch war ein Anstieg von Infektionen mit den anthropophilen Pilzen Trichophyton tonsurans und Trichophyton rubrum zu verzeichnen. Tendenziell sank der Anteil zoophiler im Verhältnis zu den anthropophilen Erregern. Im zeitlichen Verlauf zeigte sich eine zunehmende Heterogenität des Erregerspektrums: Dermatophyten wie Trichophyton soudanense und Trichophyton violaceum, Trichophyton anamorph von Arthroderma benhamiae sowie Trichophyton schoenleinii und Microsporum audouinii konnten erstmalig bzw. nach langer Zeit wieder erneut isoliert werden.SchlussfolgerungenWenngleich Microsporum‐canis‐Infektionen noch dominieren, sind zunehmend anthropophile Erreger nachzuweisen. Angesichts des unerwartet hohen Anteils von Erwachsenen sollte eine Tinea capitis in allen Altersgruppen differenzialdiagnostisch in Betracht gezogen werden.
Factors affecting adaptation to the role of motherhood in mothers of preterm infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit: a qualitative study
Authors: Heydarpour Sousan , Keshavarz Zohreh , Bakhtiari Maryam 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to explore factors affecting adaptation to the role of motherhood in mothers of preterm infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit.BackgroundTransition to motherhood often causes significant issues in terms of adaptation to the role of motherhood. The main factors leading to parental stress, especially in the neonatal intensive care unit, have shown that the greatest source of stress is the loss of women's role as mothers.DesignIt was a qualitative study with content analysis approach.MethodsSemi‐structured in‐depth interviews were used for data collection. Interviews were conducted with 17 mothers of preterm infants (under 36 weeks) who had been hospitalized for at least one week in the neonatal intensive care unit. Purposive sampling with maximum diversity was used to recruit mothers in Kermanshah province (west of Iran). Data was collected during 2013–2014. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using conventional content analysis.FindingsExplanation of the mothers' perspective towards factors affecting adaptation to the role of motherhood led to two main categories of individual factors (emotional distress, self‐efficacy, interaction and alienation) and social factors (support, prejudice).ConclusionAdaptation to the role of motherhood can be promoted through supporting mothers of preterm infants, empowering them and increasing their self‐efficacy, to eliminate negative factors and emotions.
Integrative review: nurses' roles and experiences in keeping children safe
Authors: Lines Lauren E. , Hutton Alison E. , Grant Julian 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimTo identify nurses' role and experiences of keeping children safe.BackgroundApproaches to preventing, identifying and responding to child abuse and neglect have moved towards a multidisciplinary approach where all professionals are expected to contribute to the goal of keeping children safe. Frequently in contact with children and families, nurses well positioned to contribute to keeping children safe from abuse and neglect. Much has been published around nurses' experiences of their role in keeping children safe, but this literature has not yet been synthesized to determine the challenges and potential scope of this role.DesignIntegrative review following an Integrative Review framework.Data sourcesStudies were identified through a search of the electronic databases CINAHL, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus and Informit to identify literature published between 2005‐2015.Review methodsAll the studies were critically appraised for methodological quality using the Critical Skills Appraisal Programme. Data from each study were extracted and categorized according to the review aims and the study's major findings.ResultsInclusion criteria were met in 60 studies. Three main findings were identified including nurses' insufficient knowledge, need for validation and improved communication and balancing surveillance and support for vulnerable families.ConclusionsNurses have many roles and experiences in keeping children safe but often felt they did not have the knowledge, skills and support to take action in this area. Further research is needed to understand why nurses feel inadequate and disempowered to advocate and intervene on the behalf of children at risk of abuse or neglect.