bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Tendon‐on‐Chip: Unveiling the Effect of Core Compartment‐T Cell Spatiotemporal Crosstalk at the Onset of Tendon Inflammation
Authors: Bakht Syeda M. , Pardo Alberto , Gomez‐Florit Manuel , Caballero David , Kundu Subhas C. , Reis Rui L. , Domingues Rui M. A. , Gomes Manuela E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe lack of representative in vitro models recapitulating human tendon (patho)physiology is among the major factors hindering consistent progress in the knowledge‐based development of adequate therapies for tendinopathy.Here, an organotypic 3D tendon‐on‐chip model is designed that allows studying the spatiotemporal dynamics of its cellular and molecular mechanisms.Combining the synergistic effects of a bioactive hydrogel matrix with the biophysical cues of magnetic microfibers directly aligned on the microfluidic chip, it is possible to recreate the anisotropic architecture, cell patterns, and phenotype of tendon intrinsic (core) compartment. When incorporated with vascular‐like vessels emulating the interface between its intrinsic‐extrinsic compartments, crosstalk with endothelial cells are found to drive stromal tenocytes toward a reparative profile. This platform is further used to study adaptive immune cell responses at the onset of tissue inflammation, focusing on interactions between tendon compartment tenocytes and circulating T cells.The proinflammatory signature resulting from this intra/inter‐cellular communication induces the recruitment of T cells into the inflamed core compartment and confirms the involvement of this cellular crosstalk in positive feedback loops leading to the amplification of tendon inflammation.Overall, the developed 3D tendon‐on‐chip provides a powerful new tool enabling mechanistic studies on the pathogenesis of tendinopathy as well as for assessing new therapies.
Biomechanics on Ultra‐Sensitivity of Venus Flytrap's Micronewton Trigger Hairs
Authors: Wang Kejun , Chen Siyuan , Bao Guanyu , Sun Tao , Zhang Junqiu , Chen Daobing , Sun Lining , Han Zhiwu , Liu Chao , Wang Qian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNumerous plants evolve ingeniously microcantilever‐based hairs to ultra‐sensitively detect out‐of‐plane quasi‐static tactile loads, providing a natural blueprint for upgrading the industrial static mode microcantilever sensors, but how do the biological sensory hairs work mechanically? Here, the action potential‐producing trigger hairs of carnivorous Venus flytraps (Dionaea muscipula) are investigated in detail from biomechanical perspective. Under tiny mechanical stimulation, the deformable trigger hair, composed of distal stiff lever and proximal flexible podium, will lead to rapid trap closure and prey capture. The multiple features determining the sensitivity such as conical morphology, multi‐scale functional structures, kidney‐shaped sensory cells, and combined deformation under tiny mechanical stimulation are comprehensively researched. Based on materials mechanics, finite element simulation, and bio‐inspired original artificial sensors, it is verified that the omnidirectional ultra‐sensitivity of trigger hair is attributed to the stiff‐flexible coupling of material, the double stress concentration, the circular distribution of sensory cells, and the positive local buckling. Also, the balance strategy of slender hair between sensitivity and structural stability (i.e., avoiding disastrous collapse) is detailed revealed. The unique basic biomechanical mechanism underlying trigger hairs is essential for significantly enhancing the performance of the traditional industrial static mode microcantilever sensors, and ensure the stability of arbitrary load perception.
An Engineered Hierarchical Hydrogel with Immune Responsiveness and Targeted Mitochondrial Transfer to Augmented Bone Regeneration
Authors: Cai Wenjin , Mao Shihua , Wang Ying , Gao Bicong , Zhao Jiaying , Li Yongzheng , Chen Yani , Zhang Dong , Yang Jintao , Yang Guoli 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCoordinating the immune response and bioenergy metabolism in bone defect environments is essential for promoting bone regeneration. Mitochondria are important organelles that control internal balance and metabolism. Repairing dysfunctional mitochondria has been proposed as a therapeutic approach for disease intervention. Here, an engineered hierarchical hydrogel with immune responsiveness can adapt to the bone regeneration environment and mediate the targeted mitochondria transfer between cells. The continuous supply of mitochondria by macrophages can restore the mitochondrial bioenergy of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC). Fundamentally solving the problem of insufficient energy support of BMSCs caused by local inflammation during bone repair and regeneration. This discovery provides a new therapeutic strategy for promoting bone regeneration and repair, which has research value and practical application prospects in the treatment of various diseases caused by mitochondrial dysfunction.
Abnormal Cellular Populations Shape Thymic Epithelial Tumor Heterogeneity and Anti‐Tumor by Blocking Metabolic Interactions in Organoids
Authors: Liu Xuefei , Wang Changchun , Huang Yueyu , Lv Qiaoli , Yu Chang , Ying Jianghua , Duan Lianhui , Guo Yangzhong , Huang Guanyin , Shen Wenhui , Jiang Ming , Mao Weimin , Zuo Zhixiang , Zhao An 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA variety of abnormal epithelial cells and immature and mature immune cells in thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) affect histopathological features, the degree of malignancy, and the response to treatment. Here, gene expression, trajectory inference, and T cell antigen receptor (TCR)‐based lineage tracking are profiled in TETs at single‐cell resolution. An original subpopulation of KRT14+ progenitor cells with a spindle cell phenotype is shown. An abnormal infiltration of immature T cells with a TCR hyper‐rearrangement state is revealed, due to the lack of CCL21+ medullary epithelial cells. For thymic carcinoma, the novel biomarkers of MSLN, CCL20, and SLC1A5 are identified and observed an elevated expression of LAG3 and HAVCR2 in malignant tumorn‐infiltrating mature T cells. These common features based on the single‐cell populations may inform pathological reclassification of TETs. Meanwhile, it is found that macrophages (MACs) attract thymic tumor cells through the LGALS9‐SLC1A5 axis, providing them with glutamine to elicit metabolic reprogramming. This MAC‐based metabolic pattern can promote malignancy progression. Additionally, an interactive immune environment in TETs is identified that correlates with the infiltration of abnormal FOXI1+ CFTR− ionocytes. Collectively, the data broaden the knowledge of TET cellular ecosystems, providing a basis for tackling histopathological diagnosis and related treatment.
Atomistic Compositional Details and Their Importance for Spin Qubits in Isotope‐Purified Silicon Quantum Wells
Authors: Klos Jan , Tröger Jan , Keutgen Jens , Losert Merritt P. , Abrosimov Nikolay V. , Knoch Joachim , Bracht Hartmut , Coppersmith Susan N. , Friesen Mark , Cojocaru‐Mirédin Oana , Schreiber Lars R. , Bougeard Dominique 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUnderstanding crystal characteristics down to the atomistic level increasingly emerges as a crucial insight for creating solid state platforms for qubits with reproducible and homogeneous properties. Here, isotope concentration depth profiles in a SiGe/28Si/SiGe heterostructure are analyzed with atom probe tomography (APT) and time‐of‐flight secondary‐ion mass spectrometry down to their respective limits of isotope concentrations and depth resolution. Spin‐echo dephasing times and valley energy splittings EVS around have been observed for single spin qubits in this quantum well (QW) heterostructure, pointing toward the suppression of qubit decoherence through hyperfine interaction with crystal host nuclear spins or via scattering between valley states. The concentration of nuclear spin‐carrying 29Si is 50 ± 20ppm in the 28Si QW. The resolution limits of APT allow to uncover that both the SiGe/28Si and the 28Si/SiGe interfaces of the QW are shaped by epitaxial growth front segregation signatures on a few monolayer scale. A subsequent thermal treatment, representative of the thermal budget experienced by the heterostructure during qubit device processing, broadens the top SiGe/28Si QW interface by about two monolayers, while the width of the bottom 28Si/SiGe interface remains unchanged. Using a tight‐binding model including SiGe alloy disorder, these experimental results suggest that the combination of the slightly thermally broadened top interface and of a minimal Ge concentration of % in the QW, resulting from segregation, is instrumental for the observed large . Minimal Ge additions <1%, which get more likely in thin QWs, will hence support high EVS without compromising coherence times. At the same time, taking thermal treatments during device processing as well as the occurrence of crystal growth characteristics into account seems important for the design of reproducible qubit properties.
Robotic esophagectomy with function‐preserving radical mediastinal lymphadenectomy for esophageal cancer
Authors: Kalayarasan Raja , Sai Krishna Pothugunta 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRadical lymphadenectomy is the critical component of surgery for esophageal cancer. However, lymphadenectomy significantly contributes to postoperative morbidity, particularly in terms of pulmonary complications following esophagectomy. Function‐preserving mediastinal lymphadenectomy seeks to balance the procedure's necessary radicality and optimal functional outcomes. This approach emphasizes the preservation of the thoracic duct, tracheobronchial vascularity, and the pulmonary and recurrent laryngeal branches of the vagus nerve. Preservation of the thoracic duct is facilitated by indocyanine green fluorescence. Compared to the conventional technique of thoracic duct identification using anatomical landmarks, indocyanine green fluorescence lymphangiography offers real‐time feedback, making it particularly advantageous in cases with complex anatomy or when the thoracic duct is challenging to visualize using conventional methods. Preservation of pulmonary branches of the right vagus during subcarinal lymphadenectomy and left recurrent laryngeal nerve during left paratracheal node dissection are technically challenging. The description of two types of left recurrent laryngeal nerve node dissection and technical tips for nerve function preservation are outlined in this review. Intraoperative neuromonitoring is a useful adjunct for nerve‐sparing mediastinal lymphadenectomy. As ischemia to the respiratory tract impairs respiratory protective mechanisms, preservation of the tracheobronchial blood supply is critical. Preoperative imaging to detect bronchial artery anatomical variations and intraoperative assessment of perfusion using laser doppler flowmetry and indocyanine green fluorescence angiography are useful strategies to minimize tracheobronchial ischemia. Function‐preserving mediastinal lymphadenectomy has the potential to improve short‐ and long‐term outcomes after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer.
2D Gauss Diffraction Gratings
Authors: Citrin D. S. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract2D diffraction gratings based on Gauss lattices are a class of nonperiodic lattice in which the sites are located at with , , and orthogonal primitive vectors in the plane, and the lattice constant. Gauss lattices are treated for various orders , and discuss applications for gratings separable in the and directions. These gratings, while geometrically very simple, produce complex pseudorandom diffraction patterns, though they exhibit rotational invariance and strong correlations along the and directions. Then how to generalize the approach is discussed to attain nonseparable gratings where such features are suppressed. The result is an intensity distribution like that of diffuse light, the effect originating in the breaking of the hidden translational invariance of the Gauss lattice.
In‐situ Forming Multipolymeric Glucose‐Responsive Hydrogels
Authors: Saha Sunita , Ali Akbar , Saroj Saroj , Jinagal Dharmesh , Rakshit Tatini , Pal Suchetan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractStimuli‐responsive hydrogels (HGs) have shown promise for smart drug delivery applications. Specifically, glucose‐responsive HGs having phenylboronic acid (PBA) functional groups are extensively pursued for insulin delivery in hyperglycemia. Current polymeric glucose‐responsive HGs are cumbersome to fabricate and show a limited insulin release profile. Herein, we develop a straightforward fabrication of glucose‐responsive multipolymer HGs (MPHGs) using a three‐component in situ mixing. Molecular cargo, such as insulin, was loaded during the gelation. Heterobifunctional formylphenylboronic acid (FPBA) crosslinkers were used to interconnect polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and branched polyethyleneimine (PEI) via boronate ester and imine bonds, respectively. Three positional isomers of FPBA (2FPBA, 3FPBA, and 4FPBA) resulted in HGs with distinct viscoelastic behaviors under the same conditions. HGs derived from 4FPBA exhibited more solid‐like properties compared to 2FPBA and 3FPBA due to a higher crosslinking density. All the HGs exhibited glucose‐responsive dissolution and release of embedded insulin cargo without disrupting the native structure. Insulin release profiles show a higher glucose‐responsive release from 4FPBA‐derived MPHGs. All the HGs were injectable, self‐healing, and noncytotoxic below 10 μg/ml concentrations. The MPHGs developed in this study uncover new directions in creating glucose‐responsive matrices for self‐regulating drug delivery applications. In the future, detailed in vivo studies will be performed for clinical applications.
Rice straw waste‐based green synthesis and characterizations investigation of Fe‐MoS2‐derived nanohybrid
Authors: Singh Anjali , Himanshu Magan , Verma Bhawna , Syed Asad , Elgorban Abdallah M. , Wong Ling Shing , Lal Basant , Singh Rajeev , Srivastava Neha 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn present work, synthesis of a nanohybrid material using Fe and MoS2 has been performed via a cost‐effective and environmentally friendly route for sustainable manufacturing innovation. Rice straw extract was prepared and used as a reducing and chelating agent to synthesize the nanohybrid material by mixing it with molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and ferric nitrate [Fe (NO3)3.9H2O], followed by heating and calcination. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern confirms the formation of a nanohybrid consisting of monoclinic Fe2(MoO4)3, cubic Fe2.957O4, and orthorhombic FeS with 86% consisting of Fe2(MoO4)3. The properties were analyzed through Fourier‐transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results of the dynamic light scattering (DLS) study revealed a heterogeneous size distribution, with an average particle size of 48.42 nm for 18% of particles and 384.54 nm for 82% of particles. Additionally, the zeta potential was measured to be −18.88 mV, suggesting moderate stability. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results confirmed the presence of both Fe2+ and Fe3+ oxidation states along with the presence of Molybdenum (Mo), oxygen (O), and Sulphur (S). The prepared nanohybrid material exhibited a band gap of 2.95 eV, and the photoluminescence intensity increased almost twice that of bare MoS2. The present work holds potential applications in photo luminescent nanoplatform for biomedical applications.
Biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Senna auriculata flower extract for antibacterial activities
Authors: Renuka Rethinavelu , Thilagavathi Thirugnanam , Dhanalakshmi Adaikkalam , Uthrakumar Ramamurthy , Kaviyarasu Kasinathan , Yewale Manesh Ashok , Alsawat Mohammed , Al Qahtani Hassan S. , Alam Mir Waqas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this study, biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Senna auriculata flower extract for antibacterial activities was reported. The silver spectra compared to the plant extract show a rightward shift in AgNP peaks, indicating successful nanoparticle formation. The absorption band at 302 nm and the disappearance or shift of other peaks further confirm the synthesis. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals that the AgNPs synthesized with S. auriculata extract have an average crystallite size of 25 nm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results exhibited a polydispersed, spherical shape with sizes ranging from 70 nm, in clear contrast to the electron microscope image that showed their spherical shape. When examining the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) image, a specific set of lattice planes was correlated with a specific spot. A histogram of AgNP particle size distribution can be seen. AgNPs were tested against four different strains of bacteria for their antibacterial effectiveness, including gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus), as well as gram positive bacteria (S. aureus, d. Bacillus subtilis), at various concentrations of AgNP. The results of in vitro experiments indicate that AgNPs containing S. auriculata flowers inhibit amylase well. At two concentrations, ~16.03% and ~70.99%, AgNPs inhibit the reaction at low and high concentrations, respectively.
Effect of Tetrapropylammonium Chloride Quaternary Ammonium Salt on Characterization, Cytotoxicity, and Antibacterial Properties of PLA/PEG Electrospun Mat
Authors: Şener Sena Özdil , Samatya Yilmaz Sema , Doganci Merve Dandan , Doganci Erdinc 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIn this study, poly(lactic acid) (PLA)–tetrapropylammonium chloride (TCL)–poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) nonwoven networks were produced using PLA, PEG with different concentrations (3, 5, 7, and 9 wt%), and TCL. PEG is included as a plasticizer in PLA polymer, which has high biocompatibility but a brittle structure. The importance of this study is to investigate the effect of TCL salt on the characterization of PLA–PEG nanofibers. For this research, the cytotoxicity test system responsible for the fibroblast cell line (L929) was evaluated with the liquid absorption capacity (LAC) and drying time tests for its use in wound dressings. The addition of TCL salt reduced bead formation in PLA–PEG nanofibers and increased the homogeneity of fiber dispersion. The smoothest and most homogeneous nonwoven networks were obtained as PLA–5TCL–PEG. It was also reported that this nonwoven network exhibited liquid absorption behavior with a maximum increase of 150% compared to the PLA–PEG nonwoven network and had the highest Young's modulus value of 12.97 MPa. In addition to these tests, evaluations were made with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), drying time test, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and mechanical tests. In addition, high cell viability was observed in L292 mouse fibroblast cells at the end of the 24th hour, again with the effect of TCL salt. In addition, antibacterial activity was tested against gram‐negative E. coli and gram‐positive S. aureus bacteria, and it was observed that there was no antibacterial activity. Since PLA–TCL–PEG nonwoven webs have a maximum cell viability of 133.27%, they are recommended as a potential dermal wound dressing.
Biosynthesis of nonnutritive monosaccharide d‐allulose by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli from nutritive disaccharide sucrose
Authors: Zheng Ling‐Jie , Chen Wei‐Xiang , Zheng Shang‐He , Ullah Irfan , Zheng Hui‐Dong , Fan Li‐Hai , Guo Qiang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSucrose is a commonly utilized nutritive sweetener in food and beverages due to its abundance in nature and low production costs. However, excessive intake of sucrose increases the risk of metabolic disorders, including diabetes and obesity. Therefore, there is a growing demand for the development of nonnutritive sweeteners with almost no calories. d‐Allulose is an ultra‐low‐calorie, rare six‐carbon monosaccharide with high sweetness, making it an ideal alternative to sucrose. In this study, we developed a cell factory for d‐allulose production from sucrose using Escherichia coli JM109 (DE3) as a chassis host. The genes cscA, cscB, cscK, alsE, and a6PP were co‐expressed for the construction of the synthesis pathway. Then, the introduction of ptsG‐F and knockout of ptsG, fruA, ptsI, and ptsH to reprogram sugar transport pathways resulted in an improvement in substrate utilization. Next, the carbon fluxes of the Embden‐Meyerhof‐Parnas and the pentose phosphate pathways were regulated by the inactivation of pfkA and zwf, achieving an increase in d‐allulose titer and yield of 154.2% and 161.1%, respectively. Finally, scaled‐up fermentation was performed in a 5 L fermenter. The titer of d‐allulose reached 11.15 g/L, with a yield of 0.208 g/g on sucrose.
Molecular Docking and Antibacterial Activity of Campesterol Derivatives Against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Multiresistant Strains
Authors: de Morais Oliveira‐Tintino Cícera D. , da Silva Francisco E. F. , Santiago Gilvandete M. P. , das C. L. Pinto Francisco , Pessoa Otília D. L. , da Fonseca Aluísio M. , Paulo Cícera L. R. , dos Santos Hélcio S. , Marinho Marcia M. , dos Santos Jaqueline L. , Moura Talysson F. , Freitas Priscilla R. , de Araújo Ana C. J. , de Almeida Ray S. , Tintino Saulo R. , Coutinho Henrique D. M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis work describes the evaluation the potentiating activity of antibiotics by campesterol (1) and its derivatives (2–11) against multiresistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus 10, Escherichia coli 06 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 24 employing the microdilution test. When subjected to the in vitro potentiating activity bioassay, all compounds showed a potentiating effect associated with norfloxacin against E. coli and P. aeruginosa with a reduction in the MIC of the antibiotic of up to 75 %. These compounds also reduced the MIC of gentamicin by 37 % to 87 % in S. aureus and E. coli. Additionally, molecular docking studies were conducted to gain a deeper understanding of the interactions between the appropriate proteins and the most effective compounds (2, 4, 9, and 10 against E. coli; 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, and 9 against S. aureus), including antibiotics. This paper registers for the first time the in vitro and in silico studies on the action of compounds 1–11 in antibiotic potentiation.
Regulatory Mechanism of Autophagy in Premature Ovarian Failure
Authors: Ding Ziwen , Shao Genbao , Li Mingyang 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTPremature ovarian failure (POF) is intricately linked to cellular fates such as senescence, apoptosis, and impaired granulosa cell (GC) differentiation, each of which contributes to ovarian dysfunction and follicular depletion. Autophagy is essential in preventing POF by maintaining cellular homeostasis through the degradation and recycling of damaged organelles and proteins, thereby preserving ovarian function and preventing follicular depletion. Recent studies have revealed that the targeted regulation and disruption of autophagy through various molecular mechanisms ultimately lead to the pathogenesis of POF. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the disruption in regulatory mechanisms of autophagy contributing to POF. Specifically, we elucidate the molecular mechanisms that can be targeted to restore autophagy homeostasis, offering therapeutic potential for the treatment of POF.