bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Processing of thermoplastic matrix composites through automated fiber placement and tape laying methods
Authors: Yassin Khaled , Hojjati Mehdi 
Published: November 2017

Fiber-reinforced composite materials are replacing metallic components due to their higher specific strength and stiffness. Automation and thermoplastics emerged to overcome the time and labor intensive manual techniques and the long curing cycles associated with processing thermoset-based composites. Thermoplastics are processed through fusion bonding which involves applying heat and pressure at the interface. Together with automated techniques (such as automated fiber placement, and automated tape laying), a fast, clean, out-of-autoclave, and automated process can be obtained. A detailed review of thermoplastic composites processing through automated methods is presented. It sheds the light on the materials used and the different heat sources incorporated with the pros and cons of each, with concentration mainly on hot gas torch, laser, and ultrasonic heating. A thorough illustration of the several mechanisms involved in a tow/tape placement process is tackled such as heat transfer, intimate contact development, molecular interdiffusion, void consolidation and growth, thermal degradation, crystallization, and so on. Few gaps and recommendations are included related to materials, laser heat source, heat transfer model, and the use of silicone rubber rollers. A review of optimization studies for tape placement processes is summarized including the main controllable variables and product quality parameters (or responses), with some of the major findings for laser and hot gas torch systems being presented. Both mechanical and physical characterizations are also reviewed including several testing techniques such as short beam shear, double cantilever beam, lap shear, wedge peel, differential scanning calorimetry, and so on. Challenges, however, still exist, such as achieving the autoclave-level mechanical properties and complying with the porosity levels required by the aerospace industry. More work is still necessary to overcome these challenges as well as increase the throughput of the process before it can be totally commercialized.
An Aristotelian view of therapists' practice in multifamily therapy for young adults with severe eating disorders
Authors: Brinchmann Berit Støre , Moe Cathrine , Valvik Mildrid Elisabeth , Balmbra Steven , Lyngmo Siri , Skarbø Tove 
Published: November 2017

Background: Eating disorders are serious conditions which also impact the families of adult patients. There are few qualitative studies of multifamily therapy with adults with severe eating disorders and none concerning the practice of therapists in multifamily therapy. Objectives: The aim of the study is to explore therapists’ practice in multifamily therapy. Research design and participants: A grounded theory approach was chosen. Data were collected through participant observation in two multifamily therapy groups and qualitative interviews with the therapists in those groups. Ethical considerations: The study conforms to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants in the multifamily therapy groups received information about the research project and signed consent forms. The data are treated confidentially and anonymised. Findings: The core category was identified as ‘having many strings to one’s bow’, consisting of three subcategories: ‘planning and readjusting’, ‘developing as therapist and team’ and ‘regulating the temperature of the group’. This article discusses the empirical findings in the frame of Aristotelian virtue ethics.
Patient and Provider Perspectives on a Mind–Body Program for Grieving Older Adults
Authors: Bui Eric , Chad-Friedman Emma , Wieman Sarah , Grasfield Rachel H. , Rolfe Allison , Dong Melissa , Park Elyse R. , Denninger John W. 
Published: November 2017

Background: Spousal bereavement in older age is a major stressor associated with an increase in both mental and physical problems. The Stress Management and Resiliency Training: Relaxation Response Resiliency Program (SMART-3RP) is an 8-week multimodal mind–body program that targets stress and has been found efficacious in decreasing the mental and physical manifestations of stress in varied populations. This qualitative study sought to investigate the relevance, credibility, and feasibility of the SMART-3RP in the community. Methods: Focus groups were conducted among both older widowed adults and providers who support them in the community (eg, chaplains, hospice bereavement coordinators). Transcripts were coded independently by coders trained in qualitative research. Codebooks were created based on both general themes and detailed subthemes present in the transcripts. Results: Findings from 4 focus groups revealed a general convergence between the needs of recently widowed older adults reported by widow(er)s and community providers alike and needs identified in the literature. Several components of the SMART-3RP target many of these needs (eg, social support, stress awareness, coping skills), making both community providers and widow(er)s report that the SMART-3RP is logical (89%) and would be helpful (100%) and successful in reducing symptoms (78%). Additionally, all widow(er)s reported a willingness to participate (100%). Feedback from the focus groups was used to adapt the SMART-3RP to improve its relevance to grief-related stress. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the SMART-3RP may be helpful in decreasing somatic and psychological distress in older adults who have lost a spouse.
Consider the eye in preventive healthcare – ocular findings, intraocular pressure and Schirmer tear test in ageing cats
Authors: Sandhas Ellen , Merle Roswitha , Eule J Corinna 
Published: November 2017

Objectives Geriatric health screening in cats is highly recommended. However, information about normal and abnormal findings is scarce, especially regarding the eyes of ageing cats. This prospective study examined the influence of the ageing process on vision and ocular structures in older cats. Methods A total of 209 cats (aged 9–24 years) underwent physical examination, vision assessment, slit lamp biomicroscopy and ophthalmoscopy. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) measurement, Schirmer tear test (STT) reading and rebound tonometry were performed. Systemic disease was not a criterion for exclusion. Results Vision was good in 157/209 cats (75.1%) and impaired in 52/209 cats (24.9%). Increasing age and the occurrence of vision impairment were not statistically associated ( P = 0.053). Retinal oedema, retinal haemorrhage and/or retinal detachment (19 cats) and glaucoma (12 cats) were the most common findings in vision impaired cats. Increasing age was significantly associated with the occurrence of lenticular sclerosis ( P = 0.01) and attenuated retinal vessels ( P = 0.02). Increasing age and SBP were significantly associated with the occurrence of retinal detachment, haemorrhage and oedema ( P <0.001 each). In cats without evidence of hypertensive ocular damage, younger cats had a tendency for higher SBP values than older cats, although this difference was not significant. Mean intraocular pressure (IOP) was 16.5 ± 5.0 mmHg. Age did not significantly affect the IOP values ( P = 0.54). Mean STT was 15.8 ± 4.8 mm/min. The STT was found to increase with age ( P = 0.025). Conclusions and relevance Although vision impairment is not a clinical sign of old age in cats, age-related changes may contribute to vision-threatening diseases. This study contributes to preventive healthcare by examining the influence of the ageing process on vision and ocular structures in older cats.
European cardiovascular nurses’ and allied professionals’ knowledge and practical skills regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Authors: Pettersen Trond R , Mårtensson Jan , Axelsson Åsa , Jørgensen Marianne , Strömberg Anna , Thompson David R , Norekvål Tone M 
Published: November 2017

Purpose: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) remains a cornerstone in the treatment of cardiac arrest, and is directly linked to survival rates. Nurses are often first responders and need to be skilled in the performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. As cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills deteriorate rapidly, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether there was an association between participants’ cardiopulmonary resuscitation training and their practical cardiopulmonary resuscitation test results. Methods: This comparative study was conducted at the 2014 EuroHeartCare meeting in Stavanger ( n=133) and the 2008 Spring Meeting on Cardiovascular Nursing in Malmö ( n=85). Participants performed cardiopulmonary resuscitation for three consecutive minutes CPR training manikins from Laerdal Medical®. Data were collected with a questionnaire on demographics and participants’ level of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training. Results: Most participants were female (78%) nurses (91%) from Nordic countries (77%), whose main role was in nursing practice (63%), and 71% had more than 11 years’ experience ( n=218). Participants who conducted cardiopulmonary resuscitation training once a year or more ( n=154) performed better regarding ventilation volume than those who trained less (859 ml vs. 1111 ml, p=0.002). Those who had cardiopulmonary resuscitation training offered at their workplace ( n=161) also performed better regarding ventilation volume (889 ml vs. 1081 ml, p=0.003) and compression rate per minute (100 vs. 91, p=0.04) than those who had not. Conclusion: Our study indicates a positive association between participants’ performance on the practical cardiopulmonary resuscitation test and the frequency of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training and whether cardiopulmonary resuscitation training was offered in the workplace. Large ventilation volumes were the most common error at both measuring points.
CT Dental Artifact: Comparison of an Iterative Metal Artifact Reduction Technique with Weighted Filtered Back-Projection
Authors: Diehn Felix E , Michalak Gregory J , DeLone David R , Kotsenas Amy L , Lindell E Paul , Campeau Norbert G , Halaweish Ahmed F , McCollough Cynthia H , Fletcher Joel G 
Published: November 2017

Background Dental hardware produces streak artifacts on computed tomography (CT) images reconstructed with the standard weighted filtered back projection (wFBP) method. Purpose To perform a preliminary evaluation of an iterative metal artifact reduction (IMAR) technique to assess its ability to improve anatomic visualization over wFBP in patients with dental amalgam or other hardware. Material and Methods CT images from patients with dental hardware were reconstructed using wFBP and IMAR software and soft-tissue or bone window/level settings. The anatomy most affected by metal artifacts was identified. Two neuroradiologists determined subjective and objective imaging features, including overall metal artifact score (1 = severe artifacts, 5 = no artifacts), soft-tissue visualization score of the most-compromised structure, and artifact length along the skin surface. CT numbers were used to quantify artifact severity. Results Twenty-four patients were included. IMAR improved overall metal artifact score in 18/24 cases (median =2 ± 0.9 vs. 1 ± 0.6, P < 0.001). Mean CT number in the most-affected anatomical structure significantly improved with IMAR (94.6 vs. 219 HU, P = 0.002) and length of affected skin surface decreased (40.4 mm vs. 118.7 mm, P < 0.001). However, osseous/dental artifactual defects were found in 22/24 cases with IMAR vs. 11/24 with wFBP. Conclusion IMAR software reduced metal artifact both subjectively and objectively and improved visualization of adjacent soft tissues. However, it produced a higher rate of artifactual defects in the teeth and bones than wFBP. Our findings support the use of IMAR as a valuable complement to, but not a replacement for, standard wFBP image reconstruction.
Diagnostic Accuracy of 3 Physical Examination Tests in the Assessment of Hip Microinstability
Authors: Hoppe Daniel J. , Truntzer Jeremy N. , Shapiro Lauren M. , Abrams Geoffrey D. , Safran Marc R. 
Published: November 2017

Background: Hip microinstability is a diagnosis gaining increasing interest. Physical examination tests to identify microinstability have not been objectively investigated using intraoperative confirmation of instability as a reference standard. Purpose: To determine the test characteristics and diagnostic accuracy of 3 physical examination maneuvers in the detection of hip microinstability. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A review was conducted of 194 consecutive hip arthroscopic procedures performed by a sports medicine surgeon at a tertiary-care academic center. Physical examination findings of interest, including the abduction–hyperextension–external rotation (AB-HEER) test, the prone instability test, and the hyperextension–external rotation (HEER) test, were obtained from prospectively collected data. The reference standard was intraoperative identification of instability based on previously published objective criteria. Test characteristics, including sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy, were calculated for each test as well as for combinations of tests. Results: A total of 109 patients were included in the analysis. The AB-HEER test was most accurate, with a sensitivity of 80.6% (95% CI, 70.8%-90.5%) and a specificity of 89.4% (95% CI, 80.5%-98.2%). The prone instability test had a low sensitivity (33.9%) but a very high specificity (97.9%). The HEER test performed second in both sensitivity (71.0%) and specificity (85.1%). The combination of multiple tests with positive findings did not yield significantly greater accuracy. All tests had high positive predictive values (range, 86.3%-95.5%) and moderate negative predictive values (range, 52.9%-77.8%). When all 3 tests had positive findings, there was a 95.0% (95% CI, 90.1%-99.9%) chance that the patient had microinstability. Conclusion: The AB-HEER test most accurately predicted hip instability, followed by the HEER test and the prone instability test. However, the high specificity of the prone instability test makes it a useful test to “rule in” abnormalities. A positive result from any test predicted hip instability in 86.3% to 90.9% of patients, but a negative test result did not conclusively rule out hip instability, and other measures should be considered in making the diagnosis. The use of these tests may aid the clinician in diagnosing hip instability, which has been considered a difficult diagnosis to make because of its dynamic nature.
Short-term Outcomes Following Concussion in the NFL: A Study of Player Longevity, Performance, and Financial Loss
Authors: Navarro Sergio M. , Sokunbi Olumide F. , Haeberle Heather S. , Schickendantz Mark S. , Mont Michael A. , Figler Richard A. , Ramkumar Prem N. 
Published: November 2017

Background: A short-term protocol for evaluation of National Football League (NFL) athletes incurring concussion has yet to be fully defined and framed in the context of the short-term potential team and career longevity, financial risk, and performance. Purpose: To compare the short-term career outcomes for NFL players with concussions by analyzing the effect of concussions on (1) franchise release rate, (2) career length, (3) salary, and (4) performance. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: NFL player transaction records and publicly available injury reports from August 2005 to January 2016 were analyzed. All players sustaining documented concussions were evaluated for a change to inactive or DNP (“did not participate”) status. A case-control design compared franchise release rates and remaining NFL career span. Career length was analyzed via survival analysis. Salary and performance differences were analyzed with publicly available contract data and a performance-scoring algorithm based on position/player level. Results: Of the 5894 eligible NFL players over the 11-year period, 307 sustained publicly reported concussions resulting in the DNP injury protocol. Analysis of the probability of remaining in the league demonstrated a statistically significantly shorter career length for the concussion group at 3 and 5 years after concussion. The year-over-year change in contract value for the concussion group resulted in a mean overall salary reduction of $300,000 ± $1,300,000 per year (interquartile range, –$723,000 to $450,000 per year). The performance score reduction for all offensive scoring players sustaining concussions was statistically significant. Conclusion: This retrospective study demonstrated that NFL players who sustain a concussion face a higher overall franchise release rate and shorter career span. Players who sustained concussions may incur significant salary reductions and perform worse after concussion. Short-term reductions in longevity, performance, and salary after concussion exist and deserve additional consideration.
Diminished microRNA-29b level is associated with BRD4-mediated activation of oncogenes in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Kohnken Rebecca , Wen Jing , Mundy-Bosse Bethany , McConnell Kathleen , Keiter Ashleigh , Grinshpun Leah , Hartlage Alex , Yano Max , McNeil Betina , Chakravarti Nitin , William Basem , Bradner James E. , Caligiuri Michael A. , Porcu Pierluigi , Mishra Anjali 
Published: November 2017

Key PointsCTCL patients have decreased miR-29b levels and increased BRD4 binding occupancy at promoter regions of tumor-associated genes. Therapeutic targeting of miR-29b and BRD4 in CTCL mice results in significantly decreased disease severity and progression.
Sex-specific impact of asthma during pregnancy on infant gut microbiota
Authors: Koleva Petya T. , Tun Hein M. , Konya Theodore , Guttman David S. , Becker Allan B. , Mandhane Piush J. , Turvey Stuart E. , Subbarao Padmaja , Sears Malcolm R. , Scott James A. , Kozyrskyj Anita L. 
Published: November 2017

Asthma during pregnancy is associated with retardation of fetal growth in a sex-specific manner. Lactobacilli microbes influence infant growth. This study aimed to determine whether lactobacilli and other microbes are reduced in the gut of infants born to an asthmatic mother, and whether this differs by the sex of the infant.Mother-infant pairs (N=1021) from the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development full-term cohort were studied. The abundance of infant faecal microbiota at 3–4 months, profiled by gene sequencing, was compared between both women with and without asthma treatment during pregnancy. Infant sex, maternal ethnicity, pre-pregnancy overweight and atopy status, birth mode, breastfeeding status and intrapartum antibiotic treatment were tested as covariates.Independent of birth mode and other covariates, male, Caucasian infants born to women with prenatal asthma harboured fewer lactobacilli in the gut at 3–4 months of age. If asthmatic mothers had pre-pregnancy overweight, the abundance ofLactobacillusin males was further reduced in the infant gut, whereas the microbiota of female infants was enriched withBacteroidaceae. Similar differences in infant gut microbial composition according to maternal prenatal asthma status were also more evident among women with food or environmental allergies.Gut lactobacilli were less abundant in male infants, butBacteroidaceaewere more abundant in female infants at 3–4 months of age, following maternal asthma during pregnancy.
An official European Respiratory Society statement: pulmonary haemodynamics during exercise
Authors: Kovacs Gabor , Herve Philippe , Barbera Joan Albert , Chaouat Ari , Chemla Denis , Condliffe Robin , Garcia Gilles , Grünig Ekkehard , Howard Luke , Humbert Marc , Lau Edmund , Laveneziana Pierantonio , Lewis Gregory D. , Naeije Robert , Peacock Andrew , Rosenkranz Stephan , Saggar Rajeev , Ulrich Silvia , Vizza Dario , Vonk Noordegraaf Anton , Olschewski Horst 
Published: November 2017

There is growing recognition of the clinical importance of pulmonary haemodynamics during exercise, but several questions remain to be elucidated. The goal of this statement is to assess the scientific evidence in this field in order to provide a basis for future recommendations.Right heart catheterisation is the gold standard method to assess pulmonary haemodynamics at rest and during exercise. Exercise echocardiography and cardiopulmonary exercise testing represent non-invasive tools with evolving clinical applications. The term “exercise pulmonary hypertension” may be the most adequate to describe an abnormal pulmonary haemodynamic response characterised by an excessive pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) increase in relation to flow during exercise. Exercise pulmonary hypertension may be defined as the presence of resting mean PAP <25 mmHg and mean PAP >30 mmHg during exercise with total pulmonary resistance >3 Wood units. Exercise pulmonary hypertension represents the haemodynamic appearance of early pulmonary vascular disease, left heart disease, lung disease or a combination of these conditions. Exercise pulmonary hypertension is associated with the presence of a modest elevation of resting mean PAP and requires clinical follow-up, particularly if risk factors for pulmonary hypertension are present. There is a lack of robust clinical evidence on targeted medical therapy for exercise pulmonary hypertension.
A Rare-Event Simulation Algorithm for Periodic Single-Server Queues
Authors: Ma Ni , Whitt Ward 
Published: November 2017

An efficient algorithm is developed to calculate the periodic steady-state distribution and moments of the remaining workload Wy at time yc within a cycle of length c, 0 ≤ y < 1, in a single-server queue with a periodic arrival-rate function. The algorithm applies exactly to the GIt/GI/1 model, where the arrival process is a time-transformation of a renewal process. A new representation of Wy makes it possible to apply a modification of the classic rare-event simulation for the stationary GI/GI/1 model exploiting importance sampling using an exponential change of measure. We establish bounds between the periodic workload and the stationary workload with the average arrival rate that enable us to prove that the relative error in estimates of P(Wy > b) is uniformly bounded in b. With the aid of a recent heavy-traffic limit theorem, the algorithm also applies to compute the periodic steady-state distribution of (i) reflected periodic Brownian motion (RPBM) by considering appropriately scaled GIt/GI/1 models and (ii) a large class of general Gt/G/1 queues by approximating by GIt/GI/1 models with the same heavy-traffic limit. Simulation examples demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the algorithm for both GIt/GI/1 queues and RPBM. The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2017.0766 .