bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovery of alkenones with variable methylene‐interrupted double bonds: implications for the biosynthetic pathway
Authors: Zheng Yinsui , Dillon James T. , Zhang Yifan , Huang Yongsong 
Published: August 2016

Alkenones (C37–C40) are highly specific biomarkers produced by certain haptophyte algae in ocean and lacustrine environments and have been widely used for paleoclimate studies. Unusual shorter‐chain alkenones (SCA; e.g., C35 and C36) have been found in environmental and culture samples, but the origin and structure of these compounds are much less understood. The marine alkenone producer, Emiliania huxleyi CCMP2758 strain, was reported with abundant C35:2Me (∆12, 19) alkenones when cultured at 15°C (Prahl et al. 2006). Here we show, when this strain is cultured at 4°C–10°C, that CCMP2758 produces abundant C35:3Me, C36:3Me, and small amounts of C36:3Et alkenones with unusual double‐bond positions of ∆7, 12, 19. We determine the double‐bond positions of the C35:3Me and C36:3Me alkenones by GC‐MS analysis of the dimethyl disulfide and cyclobutylamine derivatives, and we provide the first temperature calibrations based on the unsaturation ratios of the C35 and C36 alkenones. Previous studies have found C35:2Me (∆14, 19) and C36:2Et (∆14, 19) alkenones with three‐methylene interruption in the Black Sea sediments, but this is the first reported instance of alkenones with a mixed three‐ and five‐methylene interruption configuration in the double‐bond positions. The discovery of these alkenones allows us to propose a novel biosynthetic scheme, termed the SCA biosynthesis pathway, that simultaneously rationalizes the formation of both the C35:3Me (∆7, 12, 19) alkenone in our culture and the ∆14, 19 Black Sea type alkenones without invoking new desaturases for the unusual double‐bond positions.
Effect of Body Weight on Echocardiographic Measurements in 19,866 Pure‐Bred Cats with or without Heart Disease
Authors: Häggström J. , Andersson Å.O. , Falk T. , Nilsfors L. , OIsson U. , Kresken J.G. , Höglund K. , Rishniw M. , Tidholm A. , Ljungvall I. 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundEchocardiography is a cost‐efficient method to screen cats for presence of heart disease. Current reference intervals for feline cardiac dimensions do not account for body weight (BW).ObjectiveTo study the effect ofBWon heart rate (HR), aortic (Ao), left atrial (LA) and ventricular (LV) linear dimensions in cats, and to calculate 95% prediction intervals for these variables in normal adult pure‐bred cats.Animals19 866 pure‐bred cats.MethodsClinical data from heart screens conducted between 1999 and 2014 were included. Associations betweenBW,HR, and cardiac dimensions were assessed using univariate linear models and allometric scaling, including all cats, and only those considered normal, respectively. Prediction intervals were created using 95% confidence intervals obtained from regression curves.ResultsAssociations betweenBWand echocardiographic dimensions were best described by allometric scaling, and all dimensions increased with increasingBW(allP<0.001). Strongest associations were found betweenBWand Ao,LVend diastolic,LAdimensions, and thickness ofLVfree wall. Weak linear associations were found betweenBWandHRand left atrial to aortic ratio (LA:Ao), for whichHRdecreased with increasingBW(P<0.001), andLA:Ao increased with increasingBW(P<0.001). Marginal differences were found for prediction formulas and prediction intervals when the dataset included all cats versus only those considered normal.Conclusions and ImportanceBWhad a clinically relevant effect on echocardiographic dimensions in cats, andBWbased 95% prediction intervals may help in screening cats for heart disease.
The poor lonesome A subgenome of Brassica napus var. Darmor (AACC) may not survive without its mate
Authors: Pelé Alexandre , Trotoux Gwenn , Eber Frédérique , Lodé Maryse , Gilet Marie , Deniot Gwenaelle , Falentin Cyril , Nègre Sylvie , Morice Jérôme , Rousseau‐Gueutin Mathieu , Chèvre Anne‐Marie 
Published: August 2016

Summary

Constitutive genomes of allopolyploid species evolve throughout their life span. However, the consequences of long‐term alterations on the interdependency between each original genome have not been established. Here, we attempted an approach corresponding to subgenome extraction from a previously sequenced natural allotetraploid, offering a unique opportunity to evaluate plant viability and structural evolution of one of its diploid components.

We employed two different strategies to extract the diploid AA component of the Brassica napus variety ’Darmor‘ (AACC, 2n = 4x = 38) and we assessed the genomic structure of the latest AA plants obtained (after four to five rounds of selection), using a 60K single nucleotide polymorphism Illumina array.

Only one strategy was successful and the diploid AA plants that were structurally characterized presented a lower proportion of the B. napus A subgenome extracted than expected. In addition, our analyses revealed that some genes lost in a polyploid context appeared to be compensated for plant survival, either by conservation of genomic regions from B. rapa, used in the initial cross, or by some introgressions from the B. napus C subgenome.

We conclude that as little as c. 7500 yr of coevolution could lead to subgenome interdependency in the allotetraploid B. napus as a result of structural modifications.
On the interaction between energy price and firm size in Indian economy
Authors: Acharya Rajesh H , Sadath Anver C 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis paper examines the connection between oil price changes and size of firms listed in Indian stock market. A three‐factor Fama–French model along with oil price variables is estimated using data from a panel of 1535 firms. Results show that there is a positive relationship between growth in oil price and stock return. Similarly, the size of the firm is also positively related to stock return. However, oil price uncertainty shows a negative relationship with stock return. Overall, these results imply that targeted measures should be put in place by the policy makers to safeguard the interests of the small and medium size firms in India.
Syphilis in an Infant Acquired by Mouth‐to‐Mouth Transfer of Prechewed Food
Authors: Zhang Ru‐zhi , Jin Hui‐ling 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA 2‐year‐old infant boy presented with a large ulcerative lesion on his tongue. The grandmother who cared for the boy was in the habit of chewing food before giving it to the boy and had active syphilis. The infant was diagnosed with acquired early syphilis, which had been transmitted by prechewed food from his grandmother. Prechewing food is a custom in most parts of China. Prechewing an infant's food could be an avenue of disease transmission, although this is not fully recognized. No studies have been conducted to evaluate prechewed food as a disease transmission route.
Transient Porphyrinemia in a Neonate: A Case Report
Authors: Boer Brooke , Tisack Alison , Shwayder Tor 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe describe a neonate with anemia, thrombocytopenia, and hyperbilirubinemia secondary to hemolytic disease of the newborn. After phototherapy for hyperbilirubinemia, the neonate developed a photodistributed eruption with high serum and urine porphyrin levels. This transient porphyrinemia resolved at 1 month.
Use of Propranolol for Treating Hemangiomas in Infants with Previously Diagnosed Hypoglycemic Conditions
Authors: Yang Ting‐Lin B. , McMahon Patrick , De Léon Diva D. , Treat James R. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractInfantile hemangiomas (IHs) are the most common pediatric vascular tumors. They require therapy when they cause severe complications such as ulceration, amblyopia, or airway constriction. Propranolol is the only treatment that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved for complicated IHs and has become first‐line therapy for IHs that need to be treated. Older therapies such as systemic corticosteroids and surgery are now rarely used. Propranolol can have potentially serious adverse side effects, including bradycardia, hypotension, and hypoglycemia. There is sparse literature on the use of propranolol for IHs in patients with preexisting hypoglycemic conditions. We report three cases of infants with preexisting hypoglycemic conditions requiring diazoxide whose complicated hemangiomas were successfully and safely treated with oral propranolol.
Branding and Isomorphism: The Case of Higher Education
Authors: Fay Daniel L. , Zavattaro Staci M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSince the New Public Management movement began, public and nonprofit organizations have been adopting and adapting businesslike practices, including branding and marketing. There remains a knowledge gap in understanding why organizational actors choose to allocate resources to adopt branding and marketing policies. This article explores organizational branding initiatives within the context of research extensive (N = 109) higher education institutions in the United States from 2006 to 2013. Seventy‐two universities (66 percent) have introduced branding initiatives since 2006. Findings suggest that the publicness of organizations influences branding and marketing isomorphism in nuanced ways and that organizations are more likely to adopt new branding initiatives to promote higher general performance. Organizations adopt branding strategies in response to national trends and efforts to capitalize on their own strong performance rather than mimicking stronger‐performing peers.
The novel HLA‐B allele, HLA‐B*15:226N, was identified by sequencing genomic DNA in a platelet donor
Authors: Li J.‐P. , Li X.‐F. , Zhang X. , Lin F.‐Q. , Zhang K.‐L. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHLA‐B*15:226N has one nucleotide change from HLA‐B*15:08:01 where 87Q is changed to a stop codon.
Transfer and Storage of Molten Salt for the Pyroprocessing of Used Nuclear Fuel
Authors: Morrison Matthew C. , Bateman Kenneth J. 
Published: August 2016

The transfer and storage of molten salts are being examined to support electrorefining operations at the Idaho National Laboratory. Two important factors that will need to be considered when removing molten salt from either of the two electrorefiners are (1) how to remove salt in a safe and timely manner and (2) how to store significant amounts of electrorefiner salt.
A Vacuum Induced Salt Transfer and Storage (VISTAS) system is being evaluated to address these two important factors. This process draws a vacuum in a container through the use of a venturi vacuum pump. The end of a heated drawtube is inserted into the molten salt bath and the molten salt is pulled into the container. A redundant level switch triggered both by the thermal conductivity of the salt and a preset temperature threshold then activates a solenoid, which turns off the argon supply to the venturi vacuum pump, stopping the flow of molten salt. A cooling coil is incorporated into the salt transfer equipment design as a failsafe if the level switch was to fail.
A full-scale version of the conceptual design (43 kg capacity) was fabricated to test the vacuum draw salt withdrawal method in an inert argon atmosphere glovebox. In addition, a custom molten salt furnace was designed and fabricated within the glovebox to represent the actual size of an electrorefiner port.
Initial testing of the VISTAS system was very successful. The salt was transferred at a consistent rate and the level switch reliably stopped flow. Because the system has a failsafe cooling mechanism, it is considered to have low risk of a salt spill. The container was found to improve storage density, reduce the diffusion of moisture, and reduce material surface area when compared to current options. This system appears to be well suited for this application and further development is recommended.
Free Convection Film Condensation of Steam in the Presence of Non-Condensing Gases Using CFD Based Approach in a Room Filled With Humid Air
Authors: Koca Aliihsan , Atayilmaz Sevket Ozgur , Agra Ozden 
Published: August 2016

In this paper, transient natural convection combined heat and mass transfer in enclosures filled with humid air, including condensation to the walls, which are subjected to time varying prescribed temperatures, was studied numerically.
Ansys Fluent CFD code implemented to the model for wall condensation from a vapor and non-condensable gas mixture. User-Defined Function (UDF) has been used to predict the condensation rate for a mixture of air and water vapor flowing past a cooled surface. The effect of the condensation process on the flow and species distribution in the vapor phase is incorporated into the flow calculations through a customized source term applied in wall-adjacent cells. The condensation phenomenon is modeled from first principles as sink terms for the mass, momentum, species and energy conservation equations. The condensation rate is obtained by requiring the condensate–gas interface to be impermeable to the non-condensable gas.
The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) program was used to calculate the value of condensation rates, latent and sensible heat transfer rates as well as the relative humidity rates and mass fractions of species.
In the study, the effects of different initial relative humidity ratios and the characteristic lengths of the condensation plate on the condensation mass fluxes were studied.
The results indicated that the new system could reduce the risk of condensation on the cooling panels and provide a more comfortable indoor environment. The new system has a great potential for use in hot and humid climate regions with radiant cooling systems.
Prediction of Heat Transfer and Visualisation of Temperature Field in Screw Compressors
Authors: Rane S. , Stosic N. , Dhunput A. 
Published: August 2016

The heat transfer within a screw compressor is not considered to affect its performance significantly, because thermal energy dissipation represents less than 1% of the compressor power input. However, it can influence the machine reliability because heat transfer, resulting from the compression process, creates a non-uniform three dimensional temperature field leading to local distortions which may be larger than the clearances between the machine parts. This phenomenon is widely known and special control procedures are required to allow for start-up and shut down as well as for steady running operation without seizing. However, these are normally derived only from test data and may result in larger internal clearances than are really necessary, thereby reducing the optimum performance.
This paper describes a method for calculating the heat transferred during screw compressor processes, more precisely and hence how to obtain the temperature fields within the screw machine parts, which are needed to establish the size of the necessary clearances to maintain safe operating conditions.
Natural Convection Heat Transfer Phenomena in Packed Bed Systems
Authors: Noah Olugbenga O. , Slabber Johan F. , Meyer Josua P. 
Published: August 2016

Natural convection heat transfer in fluid-saturated porous media has in recent years gained considerable attention especially in High Temperature Reactors (HTR). It is lately proposed that Light Water Reactors (LWT) can be made safer by re-designing the fuel in the fuel assembly. In the proposed design, porous medium containing fuel in the form of loose coated particles in a Helium environment is introduced inside the cladding tubes of the fuel elements. These coated particles are treated as a bed from where heat is transferred to the cladding tube and the gas movement is due to natural convection. This proposal will require an understanding of the heat transfer characteristics from heated particles fuel to the gas atmosphere within the cladding tubes.
In this present study, the natural convection heat transfer characteristics in packed beds from fluid-to-particle and bed particles to helium gas (thermal energy storage system) was experimentally investigated. Medium condition in this study was homogenous, isotropic, negligible radiant heat transfer and at local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE). Theoretical formulation of microscopic thermal energy balance in the medium was employed in the analysis of experimental data. This formulation accounts for the convective heat transfer coefficient, the net rate of heat conduction into a unit volume of the solid and the heat production per unit volume of the particle. Dimensionless parameters like the Nusselt, Grashof, Prandtl, Rayleigh and Biot numbers defining heat transfer effect in the medium were equally determined and results validated with the KTA correlation.
Foam Insulation Behavior in Void Space Under Fire Conditions
Authors: Kurzawski Andrew , Ezekoye Ofodike A. 
Published: August 2016

A fire contained within a room can spread into void spaces in the walls and ceiling through penetrations in the material that lines the compartment. Few studies have looked at how a room and contents fire transitions to a structural fire. One of the active areas of fire research is the coupling of the fire to the structure. Lightweight wood frame construction represents the majority of residential construction in the U.S. The construction details and choice of materials will affect the overall fire resistance of the structure. Because of the relative lack of knowledge on the fire penetration into wall spaces, this research examined how fire might penetrate into the void spaces of wood framed structures.
In the U.S.A., a critical barrier to the penetration of hot gas products into void spaces is provided by the gypsum-board skin of the compartment. For most compartments, there are many penetrations within the compartment’s gypsum-board skin. Common potential access points include security system wiring (e.q. smoke detectors and cameras), ventilation fixtures, light switches, and electrical outlets among others. A hole in the gypsum may create opportunities for void space ignition. One of the purposes of this work is to develop a small scale testing system to characterize fire driven flow and heat transfer into a void space. With such an apparatus, one can rapidly identify materials that are prone to igniting for a given leakage geometry and fire size. Common materials found in void spaces include wooden structural members, plywood/oriented strand board, a variety of insulation types, and vapor barriers. This study discusses the characteristics of the small scale experimental system and preliminary tests on a range of void space construction materials.
Dual Fuel Concept for an Innovative Co-Axial Burner, Thermal Characteristics and Combustion Performance
Authors: Soliman Joseph , Emara Ahmed , Hussien Adel 
Published: August 2016

The demand for industrial burners and gas turbine engines with reduced emission levels, stable combustion conditions and low specific fuel consumption is the goal at the past two decades. A significant challenge is to develop a practical dual fuel corresponded with these requirements in the way to produce an efficient combustion and to comply with environmental concerns and government regulations.
The investigated burner consists of eight gaseous jets arranged in two consecutively interacted equal lotus bundles in the axial direction downstream of the flow. These eight jets can be easily moved and directed to penetrate the combustion reaction zone at different axial positions with four inclination angles at the burner axis (θ= 0°, 30°, 45°, and 60°). This axial motion is easily performed by adjusting few screws mounted on the burner end in the way to facilitate the jet interaction inside the surrounded combustion air.
The present work aims to demonstrate the flame structure, inflame temperature, and stack emissions at different liquid fuel ratio, gaseous fuel injection locations and jet inclination angles. It is noticed that, the two different fuels at different interaction locations have an influence on the pollutant emissions and temperature as well as the combustion efficiency. In addition, increasing the gaseous fuel reduces the flame size and increases the flame temperature.
Enhanced Convective Heat Transfer in High Porosity Metal Foams
Authors: Jin L. W. , Ma C. F. , Zhao M. , Meng X. Z. , Kang W. B. , Lu Z. , Wei L. C. 
Published: August 2016

Due to the characteristics of large surface area-to-volume ratio and inter-connected ligament structure, open-cell metal foams are promising materials for enhancing heat transfer in forced convection and have been researched for thermal applications in thermal management systems, air-cooled condensers and compact heat sinks for power electronics. However, the tortuous complex flow path inside metal foams leads to relatively higher pressure drop, which requires larger system pumping power. Hence, it is important to study the heat transfer performance of metal foam compared to its flow resistance characteristics.
Detailed experimental study of forced convection subjected to constant heat flux in metal foams is conducted in the present paper. The objective of the investigation is to compare the heat transfer performance and hydraulic characteristics of aluminum foams with different pore densities. The tested aluminium foam samples are of 50.0mm (L) × 25.0mm (W) × 12.0mm (H) in geometric dimensions and pore densities are of 5ppi, 10ppi and 40ppi, respectively. Experiments are performed in forced convective heat transfer using deionized water as the cooling fluid. To minimize the heat loss, the test section is built adiabatically with Teflon and polycarbonate materials. The inlet flow velocity, the temperature distribution on the heating surface and the pressure drop across the metal form are measured. Based on the analysis of experimental data, it is found that convective heat transfer performance in high ppi foam is higher than that in low ppi foam, while the pressure drop shows the opposite trend for a given flow rate.
Genome and Plasmid Analysis of
bla
IMP-4
-Carrying Citrobacter freundii B38
Authors: Xiong Jianhui , Déraspe Maxime , Iqbal Naeem , Ma Jennifer , Jamieson Frances B. , Wasserscheid Jessica , Dewar Ken , Hawkey Peter M. , Roy Paul H. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Sequencing of the
bla
IMP-4
-carrying
C. freundii
B38 using the PacBio SMRT technique revealed that the genome contained a chromosome of 5,134,500 bp and three plasmids, pOZ172 (127,005 bp), pOZ181 (277,592 bp), and pOZ182 (18,467 bp). Plasmid pOZ172 was identified as IncFIIY, like pP10164-NDM and pNDM-EcGN174. It carries a class 1 integron with four cassettes (
bla
IMP-4
-
qacG2
-
aacA4
-
aphA15
) and a complete hybrid
tni
module (
tniR
-
tniQ
-
tniB
-
tniA
). The recombination of
tniR
from Tn
402
(identical) with
tniQBA
from Tn
5053
(99%) occurred within the
res
site of Tn
402
/
5053
. The Tn
402/5053
-like integron, named Tn
6017
, was inserted into Tn
1722
at the
res
II site. The replication, partitioning, and transfer systems of pOZ181 were similar to those of IncHI2 plasmids (e.g., R478) and contained a
sul1
-type class 1 integron with the cassette array
orf-dfrA1-orf-gcu37-aadA5
linked to an upstream Tn
1696 tnpA-tnpR
and to a downstream 3′ conserved sequence (3′-CS) and IS
CR1
. A Tn
2
transposon encoding a
bla
TEM-1
β-lactamase was identified on pOZ182. Other interesting resistance determinants encoded on the B38 chromosome included multidrug resistance (MDR) efflux pumps, an AmpC β-lactamase, and resistances to Cu, Ag, As, and Zn. This is the first report of a complete
tni
module linked to a
bla
IMP-4
-carrying class 1 integron, which, together with other recently reported non-
sul1
integrons, represents the emergence of a distinct evolutionary lineage of class 1 integrons lacking a 3′-CS (
qacEΔ1
-
sul1
). The unique cassette array, complete
tni
module of Tn
6017
, and incompatibility group of pOZ172 suggest a
bla
IMP-4
evolutionary pathway in
C. freundii
B38 different from that for other
bla
IMP-4
genes found in Gram-negative bacteria in the Western Pacific region.