bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystal structure of the triclinic modification of 1-methyl-4-nitroimidzole, C4H5N3O2
Authors: Jianlong Wang , Pengbao Lian , Lizhen Chen 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
C4H5N3O2, triclinic, P1 (no. 1), a = 3.8976(6) Å, b = 5.7235(8) Å, c = 6.2670(10) Å, α = 89.630(12)°, β = 84.800(13)°, γ = 76.970(13)°, V = 135.63(4) Å3, Z = 1, R
gt(F) = 0.0519, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1303, T = 104.8 K.
A comparative analysis of VAT grouping schemes from a Nordic perspective—aspects of tax avoidance and fiscal competition
Authors: Egholm Elgaard Karina Kim 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Value-added tax (VAT) grouping schemes, whereby several legally independent entities are treated as a single taxable person for VAT purposes, are well known, though their detailed rules differ from country to country. This article deals with specific tax avoidance and fiscal competition aspects of VAT grouping schemes in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. The article gives examples of tax abuse and avoidance by using various VAT grouping models, with the main emphasis on the practice in Denmark, which may be indicative of similar problems in other countries. The article shows that there are significant differences in the rationales for national VAT grouping schemes, and these indicate that there are mismatches between the national schemes of the EU Member States and the original intention of the EU scheme. Finally, an examination of the different national rationales shows the necessity of striking a balance between combating tax avoidance and preventing distortion of competition.
Son-Condescension and the Logic of Theology
Authors: Shannon Nathan D. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryIn the following essay, I compare concrete and abstract theological logics, critiquing the latter in favor of a biblical-revelational version of the former. I then move the comparison to the specific issue of biblical interpretation. Abstraction bares its antinomies openly here. The biblical-revelational approach focuses on Son-condescension as the mode of God’s every act with regard to not-God. If Son-condescension is the mode of the Creature/creature relation, then it should also be the logic of understanding it. Therefore, I commend a Son-condescension model for explaining the Creator/creature relation and then more basically as the logic of Christian theism.
The first record of the oilfish Ruvettus pretiosus Cocco, 1833 (Pisces: Gempylidae) from the Sea of Marmara, Turkey
Authors: Acarli Deniz , Altinağaç Uğur , Özekinci Uğur , Bayhan Bahar 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The benthopelagic oilfish Ruvettus pretiosus Cocco, 1833 was recorded for the first time from the Marmara Sea coast in Turkey. In addition, this is the third record of the species from the Turkish sea waters.
Post-transition state bifurcations gain momentum – current state of the field
Authors: Hare Stephanie R. , Tantillo Dean J. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The existence of post-transition state bifurcations on potential energy surfaces for organic and biological reaction mechanisms has been known for decades, but recently, new reports of bifurcations have been occurring at a much higher rate. Beyond simply discovering bifurcations, computational chemists are developing techniques to understand what aspects of molecular structure and vibrations control the product selectivity in systems containing bifurcations. For example, the distribution of products seen in simulations has been found to be extremely sensitive to the local environment of the reacting system (i.e. the presence of a catalyst, enzyme, or explicit solvent molecules). The outlook for the future of this field is discussed, with an eye towards the application of the principles discussed here by experimental chemists to design a reaction setup to efficiently generate desired products.
Nothing to do with Apollonius?
Authors: Netz Reviel 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This article makes two claims. The first is that Archimedes’ On Floating Bodies included a punning reference, in its key diagrammatic figure AΠΟΛ: the precise purpose of the pun may not be recovered by us, but even so it remains a powerful example of the playful in Archimedes’ writing. The second is that Apollonius could have been (contrary to what is now the accepted chronology of Greek mathematics) Archimedes’ younger contemporary. The outcome could be that we find Archimedes addressing a playful, hidden message to Apollonius, providing us with a unique insight into the communication of Greek mathematics.
Unsteady mixed convection flow through a permeable stretching flat surface with partial slip effects through MHD nanofluid using spectral relaxation method
Authors: Ahamed Sami M. , Mondal Sabyasachi , Sibanda Precious 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
An unsteady, laminar, mixed convective stagnation point nanofluid flow through a permeable stretching flat surface using internal heat source or sink and partial slip is investigated. The effects of thermophoresis and Brownian motion parameters are revised on the traditional model of nanofluid for which nanofluid particle volume fraction is passively controlled on the boundary. Spectral relaxation method is applied here to solve the non-dimensional conservation equations. The results show the illustration of the impact of skin friction coefficient, different physical parameters, and the heat transfer rate. The nanofluid motion is enhanced with increase in the value of the internal heat sink or source. On the other hand, the rate of heat transfer on the stretching sheet and the skin friction coefficient are reduced by an increase in internal heat generation. This study further shows that the velocity slip increases with decrease in the rate of heat transfer. The outcome results are benchmarked with previously published results.
Long term accelerated aging investigation of an epoxy/silica nanocomposite for high voltage insulation
Authors: Khattak Abraiz , Amin Muhammad , Iqbal Muhammad 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
An epoxy/silica nanocomposite loading was subjected to a multistress environment along with neat epoxy (NEP) in a specially fabricated chamber at 2.5 kV for 9000 h. For aging investigation of the samples, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), leakage current monitoring and Swedish Transmission Research Institute hydrophobicity classification were used with constant visual inspection. Both samples were found to be adequate and suitable for insulation at the end of the aging period. However, the epoxy nanocomposite (EPNC) performed better in comparison to NEP. FTIR spectrographs showed that a reduction in important hydrocarbon groups was less in the EPNC. The leakage current was higher in the case of the neat sample and accompanied by a higher loss of hydrophobicity. Similarly, in the nanocomposite, no significant change in surface topography at micro level was recorded from the SEM analysis.
Searching for Critical Conditions During Lifeboat Launching – Simulations
Authors: Dymarski Czesław , Dymarski Paweł , Kniat Aleksander 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The article describes numerical simulations of the process of lifeboat launching at the ship’s side. The research aimed at finding the values of ship motion parameters which appear to be most dangerous for people in the lowered lifeboat due to the generated accelerations. The simplified model of ship hull motion adopted at this research stage bases on a superposition of harmonic motions with given amplitudes and periods in six degrees of freedom. The range of the amplitude of motion for each degree of freedom corresponds approximately to that of possible motion of the PANAMAX type ship on the Baltic sea. In total, 120 960 cases of ship hull motion were examined.
Design Methodology for Small Passenger Ships On the Example of the Ferryboat Motława 2 Driven by Hybrid Propulsion System
Authors: Gełesz Paweł , Karczewski Artur , Kozak Janusz , Litwin Wojciech , Piątek Łukasz 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Dynamic development in practically all fields of science and engineering has not passed over shipbuilding. In last years, engineers got to their use computer software which makes it possible to perform strength and hydrodynamic calculations as well as to visualize design projects in 3 D space [1-4]. At their disposal they have full spectrum of modern solutions associated with the use of advanced materials and technologies [5-7]. More and more attention is also paid to impact onto the natural environment [8,9]. Every new object must influence the environment as low as possible, beginning from building phase through its service life up to final utilization - such approach is called „green-shipping“. However, not only practical reasons are important. Clients, i.e. ship owners and passengers of ships paid more and more attention to image of floating units. During decision taking on that from whom a transport service has to be ordered, the most modern ships of an attractive image matching with place and time, are often taken into consideration.
Such situation has become a basis for an idea of working out a concept of a new ferryboat for National Maritime Museum. As the ferry has to navigate in „the heart of the town“, then, apart from strictly marine and engineering aspects, an important factor of its designing is its expected image - a set of significant meanings and emotions written in architecture language. The new ferryboat, like its historical predecessors, will never leave urban water routes.
Calculation Method for Flow Boiling and Flow Condensation of R134a and R1234yf in Conventional and Small Diameter Channels
Authors: Mikielewicz Dariusz , Jakubowska Blanka 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The paper presents the results of calculations performed using the authors′ model to predict the heat transfer coefficient during flow boiling for two refrigerants R134a and R1234yf. The experimental data from various past studies have been collected and the calculations have been conducted for the full range of quality variation and a wide range of mass velocity. The aim of the study was to test the sensitivity of the in-house flow boiling and flow condensation model. The importance of taking into account the surface tension as the parameter exhibiting its importance in case of the flow in minichannels, as well as the influence of the reduced pressure were analysed. The obtained numerical results show good consistency with those recorded in the experiments.
Strength Analysis of a Large-Size Supporting Structure for an Offshore Wind Turbine
Authors: Niklas Karol 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The offshore wind power industry is the branch of electric energy production from renewable sources which is most intensively developed in EU countries. At present, there is a tendency to install larger-power wind turbines at larger distances from the seashore, on relatively deep waters. Consequently, technological solutions for new supporting structures intended for deeper water regions are undergoing rapid development now. Various design types are proposed and analysed, starting from gravitational supports (GBS), through monopiles and 3D frame structures (jackets, tripods), and ending with floating and submerged supports anchored to the seabed by flexible connectors, including TLP type solutions.
The article presents the results of examination of an untypical large-size gravitational support intended for waters with the depth of up to 40 m. Firstly, a general concept of the new design is presented, while the next basic part of the article describes the support design in detail and provides its strength analysis. The examined support has the form of a large steel container consisting of conical segments. The strength analysis was conducted using the finite element method (FEM), in accordance with the standard DNVGL-ST-0126. Modifications introduced to the most heavily loaded structural node of the support, which was the set of base bottom trusses, is also included. The results of the performed analysis prove that the presented concept of supporting structure for a 7MW turbine meets fundamental strength criteria. The nonlinear buckling analysis was performed to evaluate the critical force acting on the support, which turned out to be 1.44 times as large as the maximum load of the wind turbine. Potentially important issues for further analyses have been identified as those resulting from the asymmetry of basic loads acting on the support.
Environmental Aspects of Coastal Earth Structures Made of Soil-Ash Composites
Authors: Ossowski Rafał 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This paper presents an innovative technology of building the coastal dams with the use of soil-ash composites. A natural- scale test stand and results of the performed environmental tests are presented; they have been compared with standards for purity of soils and waters. Also, an analysis of the obtained results and discussion of trends and anomalies in the observations, are given.
Biosorption of strontium ions from aqueous solution using modified eggshell materials
Authors: Metwally Sayed S. , Rizk Hoda E. , Gasser Mona S. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Green composites emphasize renewable starting materials for better economy using biomass materials. Therefore, low-cost composite biosorbent was prepared by modification of eggshell material using heteropoly acid for removal of strontium ions from aqueous solution. The resulted composite was characterized and evaluated for the sorption process using the batch technique. Low concentration of strontium ions was used to evaluate the sorption sensitivity of the prepared composite. The obtained experimental results illustrated that the modification process of eggshell material enhanced the percent uptake from 49.9 to 95.7%. From kinetic studies, the sorption of strontium ions follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The isotherm studies indicated that Langmuir is more applicable than Freundlich isotherm. Moreover, Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm was studied. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the sorption process is spontaneous and has endothermic nature. Strontium ions can be desorbed from the modified eggshell using HNO3, desorption percent was found to be 96.4%; the results revealed the reusability of the modified eggshell for further sorption.
Culture, Cultural Difference and the Foreign
Authors: Cioflec Eveline 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This paper emphasizes the importance of lived experience for debates on cultural differences. Theoretical perspectives are often helpful for discovering common traits of cultures. Moreover they are correctives for subjective perspectives on differences. However, cultural differences are experienced by encountering the possibly conflict-laden foreignness of the other. Hence, with regard to peacefully shared spaces, focusing on a phenomenological approach to experiencing the foreign seems to be more productive than normative approaches through theory of culture. Rather than normatively determining a common concept of culture, responsiveness and dialog - even unsuccessful dialog - are keys for bridging possible conflicts rooted in cultural differences.
Functionalized non-viral cationic vectors for effective siRNA induced cancer therapy
Authors: Gupta Kshitij , Puri Anu , Shapiro Bruce A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractRNA interference (RNAi) has been regarded as a vital asset in the field of therapeutics as it has the capability to silence various disease causing genes including those that cause cancer. Small non-coding RNA molecules such as short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are one of the extensively studied RNAi inducers for gene modulations. However, the delivery of RNAi inducers including siRNAs is compromised due to the barriers imposed by the biological system such as degradation by nucleases, rapid clearance, high anionic charge, immunogenicity and off-target effects. Viral vectors, in general exhibit high transfection efficiencies but are expensive and likely to confer immunological and safety issues. Therefore, non-viral cationic vectors (NVCVs) have received considerable attention to not only address these issues but also for developing efficacious siRNA delivery vectors. In this review, we will first discuss the historical development of various NVCVs and then will discuss functionalized NVCVs with linkers that provide stability, as well as respond to the cancer cell environment and with cancer cell receptor specific ligands to explicitly target them for improved siRNA efficacy. Multifunctional NVCVs (MNVCVs) that employ multiple synergistically working components to aid siRNA delivery efficacy are also discussed.
Melatonin Receptor 1B Gene Polymorphisms, Haplotypes and Susceptibility to Schizophrenia
Authors: Saravani Ramin , Esmaeilzaei Elahe , Noorzehi Nafiseh , Galavi Hamid Reza 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Melatonin has an important role in the regulation of human sleep circadian rhythms. Sleep disturbances commonly exist in schizophrenia (SCZ) patients. To begin its performance, melatonin must interact to its receptor. In the present study, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) of melatonin receptor gene 1 B (MTN1B) with SCZ development in Iranian population were investigated. The current case-control study was performed on 92 SCZ patients and 92 healthy control (HC) subjects. NESTED-PCR and ARMS-PCR modified methods (combination) and ARMSPCR method were used on the genotype. The impact of MTN1B rs3781637 (T/C) and rs10830963(C/G) polymorphism variants on the risk SCZ in the sample of Iranian population was investigated. The findings showed significant association between MTN1B rs10830963(C/G) variant and SCZ (OR=2.78, 95%CI=1.25-6.25, P=0.012, GG vs. CC, OR=1.66, 95%CI=1.09-2.51, P=0.021 G vs. C, OR=3.85 95%CI=.89-8.33, P<0.0001, GG vs. CC+CG). There was no association between MTN1B rs3781637 (T/C) and SCZ risk. In addition, haplotype analysis revealed that TG and CC haplotype of rs3781637 (T/C) and rs10830963 (C/G) polymorphisms were associated with SCZ risk (P=0.039) and protective (P<0.0001) effects, respectively. The findings revealed that MTN1B rs10830963 (C/G) polymorphism was associated with the risk of SCZ; while another SNP rs3781637 (T/C) MTN1B gene did not show any risk/protection association with SCZ. Further studies with larger sample sizes and different ethnicities are required to approve the results.
Is the arbitrary symmetrical?
Authors: Badir Sémir 
Published: June 2017

AbstractArbitrariness is commonly seen as a major concept in Saussure’s thought, and it even receives the status of a “principle” in his theory. It is not only the characteristic feature of the relation between the signifier and the signified (the semiological relation is arbitrary), but moreover it is constitutive of this very relation (the relation is semiological because it is arbitrary; there is a so-called “semiological relation” established between a signifier and a signified because of the principle of arbitrariness). And when linguists and other Saussurean interpreters comment on the concept of arbitrariness, they usually imply a binary relation: the semiological relation is arbitrary due to the fact that the signifier is arbitrarily chosen vis-à-vis the signified, and vice versa. I will be questioning the latter assertion in this paper. In my opinion, the symmetry of the semiological relation has not been properly demonstrated. The signifier can be seen as arbitrary with regard to the signified, but no reason has been provided to recognize the converse. Instead a number of arguments can be put forth to see arbitrariness as a concept that implies a non-symmetrical relation.
Lost and not found: The Course in General Linguistics between “Saussurism” and “Saussurology”
Authors: Gasparov Boris 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Saussure’s quest for constitutive features of language resulted in his formulation of two fundamental principles: first, the bipolarity of the sign, according to which neither form nor meaning of a sign exists as of itself, outside of their mutual relation; and second, the arbitrariness of that relation, i.e., the fact that their link is based solely on convention. The purely relational nature of language, the fact that its entities have no positive identity of their own result in the unceasing development of language whose direction and results can be neither programmed nor predicted. In the first half of the twentieth century, Saussure’s idea of language as a pure “structure” was interpreted in a static way, as a matrix of relations whose elements occupy secure positions in the overall relational network. When critique of the structural approach has been raised in the 1960–1980s, Saussure’s champions tried to distance Saussure’s “genuine” views, ostensibly expressed in his private papers, from his posthumously published Course, which was declared unreliable or even falsified. The present paper argues that the problem with interpreting Saussure arises primarily from the way his works were read by different generations and in different intellectual contexts. Saussure’s work needs to be examined in the context of its own time, as an integral part of the philosophical revolution of the turn of the twentieth century.
Reinforcement of Underground Excavation with Expansion Shell Rock Bolt Equipped with Deformable Component
Authors: Korzeniowski Waldemar , Skrzypkowski Krzysztof , Zagórski Krzysztof 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The basic type of rock mass reinforcement method for both preparatory and operational workings in underground metal ore mines, both in Poland and in different countries across the world, is the expansion shell or adhesive-bonded rock bolt. The article discusses results of static loading test of the expansion shell rock bolts equipped with originally developed deformable component. This component consists of two profiled rock bolt washers, two disk springs, and three guide bars. The disk spring and disk washer material differs in stiffness. The construction materials ensure that at first the springs under loading are partially compressed, and then the rock bolt washer is plastically deformed. The rock bolts tested were installed in blocks simulating a rock mass with rock compressive strength of 80 MPa. The rock bolt was loaded statically until its ultimate loading capacity was exceeded. The study presents the results obtained under laboratory conditions in the test rig allowing testing of the rock bolts at their natural size, as used in underground metal ore mines. The stress-strain/displacement characteristics of the expansion shell rock bolt with the deformable component were determined experimentally. The relationships between the geometric parameters and specific strains or displacements of the bolt rod were described, and the percentage contribution of those values in total displacements, resulting from the deformation of rock bolt support components (washer, thread) and the expansion shell head displacements, were estimated. The stiffness of the yielded and stiff bolts was empirically determined, including stiffness parameters of every individual part (deformable component, steel rod). There were two phases of displacement observed during the static tension of the rock bolt which differed in their intensity.
The Football of Logic
Authors: Schang Fabien 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
An analogy is made between two rather different domains, namely: logic, and football (or soccer). Starting from a comparative table between the two activities, an alternative explanation of logic is given in terms of players, ball, goal, and the like. Our main thesis is that, just as the task of logic is preserving truth from premises to the conclusion, footballers strive to keep the ball as far as possible until the opposite goal. Assuming this analogy may help think about logic in the same way as in dialogical logic, but it should also present truth-values in an alternative sense of speech-acts occurring in a dialogue. The relativity of truth-values is focused by this way, thereby leading to an additional way of logical pluralism.