bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vélemények és gondolatok a nők egyetemi képzéséről a 19. és 20. század fordulóján
Authors: Pálmai Dóra 
Published: January 2016

Jelen tanulmányban azt szeretnénk bemutatni, hogy a 19. század végén – 20. század elején milyen gondolatokat, véleményeket fogalmaztak meg Magyarországon a nők egyetemi képzésével és a felsőoktatás koedukálttá tételével kapcsolatban. Az analitikus jellegű kutatás során azokra a kérdésekre kerestük a választ, hogy hogyan vélekedett a közvélemény a nők felsőfokú tanulmányairól, illetve a témával kapcsolatban milyen főbb csomópontok rajzolódnak ki a forrásokon keresztül. Ezekre a kérdésekre csak akkor kaphatunk választ, ha ismerjük a nemek feladatainak 19. században elfogadott megosztását, illetve az egyetemek koedukációjának nemzetközi folyamatát, mely a 19. században indult el az Amerikai Egyesült Államokból és Magyarország 1895-től volt részese. Fontos megvizsgálni, hogyan értelmezték a koedukáció fogalmát a 19. század végén és a 20. század elején. Nem tekinthetünk el a definíció pszichológiai és pedagógiai megközelítésétől, illetve attól sem, hogy az együttes nevelésről alkotott véleményeket sok esetben összekapcsolták az erkölcsiesség és az udvariasság kérdésével.
Kutatási kérdéseink megválaszolásához korabeli monográfiák és sajtótermékek elemzését végeztük el. A Nemzeti Nőnevelés, a Vasárnapi Ujság, a Pécsi Közlöny, a Budapesti Szemle, A Nő és a Népmívelés oldalain találtunk a témához kapcsolódó forrásokat.
Fotó: Fortepan / Cholnoky Tamás
Граничні коливання неперервних функцій
Authors: Maslyuchenko O.V. , Onypa D.P. 
Published: January 2016

В даній роботі доводиться, що для довільної напівнеперервної зверху функції $f:F\rightarrow [0;+\infty]$, що визначена на межі $F=\overline G\setminus G$ деякої відкритої множини $G$ в метризовному просторі $X$, існує неперервна функція $g:G\rightarrow \mathbb R$, граничне коливання $\widetilde \omega_g$ якої рівне $f$.
Tying Down Loose Ends in the Chlamydomonas Genome: Functional Significance of Abundant Upstream Open Reading Frames
Authors: Cross Frederick R 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The Chlamydomonas genome has been sequenced, assembled, and annotated to produce a rich resource for genetics and molecular biology in this well-studied model organism. The annotated genome is very rich in open reading frames upstream of the annotated coding sequence (‘uORFs’): almost three quarters of the assigned transcripts have at least one uORF, and frequently more than one. This is problematic with respect to the standard ‘scanning’ model for eukaryotic translation initiation. These uORFs can be grouped into three classes: class 1, initiating in-frame with the coding sequence (CDS) (thus providing a potential in-frame N-terminal extension); class 2, initiating in the 5′ untranslated sequences (5UT) and terminating out-of-frame in the CDS; and class 3, initiating and terminating within the 5UT. Multiple bioinformatics criteria (including analysis of Kozak consensus sequence agreement and BLASTP comparisons to the closely related Volvox genome, and statistical comparison to cds and to random sequence controls) indicate that of ∼4000 class 1 uORFs, approximately half are likely in vivo translation initiation sites. The proposed resulting N-terminal extensions in many cases will sharply alter the predicted biochemical properties of the encoded proteins. These results suggest significant modifications in ∼2000 of the ∼20,000 transcript models with respect to translation initiation and encoded peptides. In contrast, class 2 uORFs may be subject to purifying selection, and the existent ones (surviving selection) are likely inefficiently translated. Class 3 uORFs are found in more than half of transcripts, frequently multiple times per transcript; however, they are remarkably similar to random sequence expectations with respect to size, number, and composition, and therefore may in most cases be selectively neutral.
Vesicular Trafficking Systems Impact TORC1-Controlled Transcriptional Programs inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Kingsbury Joanne M , Cardenas Maria E 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe Target of Rapamycin Complex I (TORC1) orchestrates global reprogramming of transcriptional programs in response to myriad environmental conditions, yet, despite the commonality of the TORC1 complex components, different TORC1-inhibitory conditions do not elicit a uniform transcriptional response. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, TORC1 regulates the expression of nitrogen catabolite repressed (NCR) genes by controlling the nuclear translocation of the NCR transactivator Gln3. Moreover, Golgi-to-endosome trafficking was shown to be required for nuclear translocation of Gln3 upon a shift from rich medium to the poor nitrogen source proline, but not upon rapamycin treatment. Here, we employed microarray profiling to survey the full impact of the vesicular trafficking system on yeast TORC1-orchestrated transcriptional programs. In addition to the NCR genes, we found that ribosomal protein, ribosome biogenesis, phosphate-responsive, and sulfur-containing amino acid metabolism genes are perturbed by disruption of Golgi-to-endosome trafficking following a nutritional shift from rich to poor nitrogen source medium, but not upon rapamycin treatment. Similar to Gln3, defects in Golgi-to-endosome trafficking significantly delayed cytoplasmic–nuclear translocation of Sfp1, but did not detectably affect the cytoplasmic–nuclear or nuclear–cytoplasmic translocation of Met4, which are the transactivators of these genes. Thus, Golgi-to-endosome trafficking defects perturb TORC1 transcriptional programs via multiple mechanisms. Our findings further delineate the downstream transcriptional responses of TORC1 inhibition by rapamycin compared with a nitrogen quality downshift. Given the conservation of both TORC1 and endomembrane networks throughout eukaryotes, our findings may also have implications for TORC1-mediated responses to nutritional cues in mammals and other eukaryotes.
A Computational Approach to Estimating Nondisjunction Frequency inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Chu Daniel B , Burgess Sean M 
Published: January 2016

AbstractErrors segregating homologous chromosomes during meiosis result in aneuploid gametes and are the largest contributing factor to birth defects and spontaneous abortions in humans. Saccharomyces cerevisiae has long served as a model organism for studying the gene network supporting normal chromosome segregation. Measuring homolog nondisjunction frequencies is laborious, and involves dissecting thousands of tetrads to detect missegregation of individually marked chromosomes. Here we describe a computational method (TetFit) to estimate the relative contributions of meiosis I nondisjunction and random-spore death to spore inviability in wild type and mutant strains. These values are based on finding the best-fit distribution of 4, 3, 2, 1, and 0 viable-spore tetrads to an observed distribution. Using TetFit, we found that meiosis I nondisjunction is an intrinsic component of spore inviability in wild-type strains. We show proof-of-principle that the calculated average meiosis I nondisjunction frequency determined by TetFit closely matches empirically determined values in mutant strains. Using these published data sets, TetFit uncovered two classes of mutants: Class A mutants skew toward increased nondisjunction death, and include those with known defects in establishing pairing, recombination, and/or synapsis of homologous chromosomes. Class B mutants skew toward random spore death, and include those with defects in sister-chromatid cohesion and centromere function. Epistasis analysis using TetFit is facilitated by the low numbers of tetrads (as few as 200) required to compare the contributions to spore death in different mutant backgrounds. TetFit analysis does not require any special strain construction, and can be applied to previously observed tetrad distributions.
A Novel Recombinant DNA System for High Efficiency Affinity Purification of Proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Carrick Brian H , Hao Linxuan , Smaldino Philip J , Engelke David R 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Isolation of endogenous proteins from Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been facilitated by inserting encoding polypeptide affinity tags at the C-termini of chromosomal open reading frames (ORFs) using homologous recombination of DNA fragments. Tagged protein isolation is limited by a number of factors, including high cost of affinity resins for bulk isolation and low concentration of ligands on the resin surface, leading to low isolation efficiencies and trapping of contaminants. To address this, we have created a recombinant “CelTag” DNA construct from which PCR fragments can be created to easily tag C-termini of S. cerevisiae ORFs using selection for a nat1 marker. The tag has a C-terminal cellulose binding module to be used in the first affinity step. Microgranular cellulose is very inexpensive and has an effectively continuous ligand on its surface, allowing rapid, highly efficient purification with minimal background. Cellulose-bound proteins are released by specific cleavage of an included site for TEV protease, giving nearly pure product. The tag can be lifted from the recombinant DNA construct either with or without a 13x myc epitope tag between the target ORF and the TEV protease site. Binding of CelTag protein fusions to cellulose is stable to high salt, nonionic detergents, and 1 M urea, allowing stringent washing conditions to remove loosely associated components, as needed, before specific elution. It is anticipated that this reagent could allow isolation of protein complexes from large quantities of yeast extract, including soluble, membrane-bound, or nucleic acid-associated assemblies.
Partial Dominance, Overdominance, Epistasis and QTL by Environment Interactions Contribute to Heterosis in Two Upland Cotton Hybrids
Authors: Shang Lianguang , Wang Yumei , Cai Shihu , Wang Xiaocui , Li Yuhua , Abduweli Abdugheni , Hua Jinping 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBased on two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations, two corresponding backcross (BC) populations were constructed to elucidate the genetic basis of heterosis in Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). The yield, and yield components, of these populations were evaluated in three environments. At the single-locus level, 78 and 66 quantitative trait loci (QTL) were detected using composite interval mapping in RIL and BC populations, respectively, and 29 QTL were identified based on mid-parental heterosis (MPH) data of two hybrids. Considering all traits together, a total of 50 (64.9%) QTL with partial dominance effect, and 27 (35.1%) QTL for overdominance effect were identified in two BC populations. At the two-locus level, 120 and 88 QTL with main effects (M-QTL), and 335 and 99 QTL involved in digenic interactions (E-QTL), were detected by inclusive composite interval mapping in RIL and BC populations, respectively. A large number of QTL by environment interactions (QEs) for M-QTL and E-QTL were detected in three environments. For most traits, average E-QTL explained a larger proportion of phenotypic variation than did M-QTL in two RIL populations and two BC populations. It was concluded that partial dominance, overdominance, epistasis, and QEs all contribute to heterosis in Upland cotton, and that partial dominance resulting from single loci and epistasis play a relatively more important role than other genetic effects in heterosis in Upland cotton.
Novel Heterotypic Rox Sites for Combinatorial Dre Recombination Strategies
Authors: Chuang Katherine , Nguyen Eileen , Sergeev Yuri , Badea Tudor C 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Site-specific recombinases (SSRs) such as Cre are widely used in gene targeting and genetic approaches for cell labeling and manipulation. They mediate DNA strand exchange between two DNA molecules at dedicated recognition sites. Precise understanding of the Cre recombination mechanism, including the role of individual base pairs in its loxP target site, guided the generation of mutant lox sites that specifically recombine with themselves but not with the wild type loxP. This has led to the development of a variety of combinatorial Cre-dependent genetic strategies, such as multicolor reporters, irreversible inversions, or recombination-mediated cassette exchange. Dre, a Cre-related phage integrase that recognizes roxP sites, does not cross-react with the Cre-loxP system, but has similar recombination efficiency. We have previously described intersectional genetic strategies combining Dre and Cre. We now report a mutagenesis screen aimed at identifying roxP base pairs critical for self-recognition. We describe several rox variant sites that are incompatible with roxP, but are able to efficiently recombine with themselves in either purified systems or bacterial and eukaryotic tissue culture systems. These newly identified rox sites are not recognized by Cre, thus enabling potential combinatorial strategies involving Cre, Dre, and target loci including multiple loxP and roxP variants.
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes After Neonatal Surgery for Major Noncardiac Anomalies
Authors: Stolwijk Lisanne J. , Lemmers Petra MA , Harmsen Marissa , Groenendaal Floris , de Vries Linda S. , van der Zee David C. , Benders Manon J.N. , van Herwaarden-Lindeboom Maud Y.A. 
Published: January 2016

CONTEXT:
Increasing concerns have been raised about the incidence of neurodevelopmental delay in children with noncardiac congenital anomalies (NCCA) requiring neonatal surgery.

OBJECTIVE:
This study aimed to determine the incidence and potential risk factors for developmental delay after neonatal surgery for major NCCA.

DATA SOURCES:
A systematic search in PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library was performed through March 2015.

STUDY SELECTION:
Original research articles on standardized cognitive or motor skills tests.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Data on neurodevelopmental outcome, the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, and risk factors for delay were extracted.

RESULTS:
In total, 23 eligible studies were included, reporting on 895 children. Meta-analysis was performed with data of 511 children, assessed by the Bayley Scales of Infant Development at 12 and 24 months of age. Delay in cognitive development was reported in a median of 23% (3%–56%). Meta-analysis showed a cognitive score of 0.5 SD below the population average (Mental Development Index 92 ± 13, mean ± SD; P &lt; .001). Motor development was delayed in 25% (0%–77%). Meta-analysis showed a motor score of 0.6 SD below average (Psychomotor Development Index 91 ± 14; P &lt; .001). Several of these studies report risk factors for psychomotor delay, including low birth weight, a higher number of congenital anomalies, duration of hospital admission, and repeated surgery.

LIMITATIONS:
All data were retrieved from studies with small sample sizes and various congenital anomalies using different neurodevelopmental assessment tools.

CONCLUSIONS:
Cognitive and motor developmental delay was found in 23% of patients with NCCA. Meta-analysis showed that the mean neurodevelopmental outcome scores were 0.5 SD below the normative score of the healthy population.
Beyond confusion and controversy, can we evaluate the real efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering with statins?
Authors: Lorgeril Michel de , Rabaeus Mikael 
Published: January 2016

A strong controversy has emerged about the reality of safety and efficacy of statins as stated by company-sponsored reports. However, physicians need credible data to make medical decisions, in particular about the benefit/harm balance of any prescription. This study aimed to test the validity of data on the company-sponsored statin trial by comparing them over time and then comparing statins with each other. Around the years 2005/2006, new stricter Regulations were introduced in the conduct and publication of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This would imply that RCTs were less reliable before 2006 than they were later on. To evaluate this, we first reviewed RCTs testing the efficacy of statins versus placebo in preventing cardiovascular complications and published after 2006. Our systematic review thereby identified four major RCTs, all testingrosuvastatin. They unambiguously showed that rosuvastatin is not effective in secondary prevention, while the results are highly debatable in primary prevention. Because of the striking clinical heterogeneity and the inconsistency of the published data in certain RCTs, meta-analysis was not feasible. We then examined the most recent RCTs comparing statins to each other: all showed that no statin is more effective than any other, including rosuvastatin. Furthermore, recent RCTs clearly indicate that intense cholesterol-lowering (including those with statins) does not protect high-risk patients any better than less-intense statin regimens. As for specific patient subgroups, statins appear ineffective in chronic heart failure and chronic kidney failure patients. We also conducted a MEDLINE search to identify all the RCTs testing a statin against a placebo in diabetic patients, and we found that once secondary analyses and subgroup analyses are excluded, statins do not appear to protect diabetics. As for the safety of statin treatment – a major issue for medical doctors – it is quite worrisome to realize that it took 30 years to bring to light the triggering effect of statins on new-onset diabetes, manifestly reflecting a high level of bias in reporting harmful outcomes in commercial trials, as has been admitted by the recent confession of prominent experts in statin treatment. In conclusion, this review strongly suggests that statins are not effective for cardiovascular prevention. The studies published before 2005/2006 were probably flawed, and this concerned in particular the safety issue. A complete reassessment is mandatory. Until then, physicians should be aware that the present claims about the efficacy and safety of statins are not evidence based.
REVISITANDO O PEGMATITO ALTO SERRA BRANCA, MUNICÍPIO DE PEDRA LAVRADA (PB): MAPEAMENTO GEOLÓGICO, ASPECTOS DE CAMPO E ZONEAMENTO MINERAL
Authors: Santos Lauro Montefalco , Sales Emerson Diego Gomes , Vieira Fabrício Fernandes 
Published: January 2016

Nas adjacências do município de Pedra Lavrada, (Paraíba), ocorrem uma série de corpos pegmatíticos, os quais compõe a Província Pegmatítica da Borborema. Compondo um grupo de pegmatitos economicamente importantes pela abundante ocorrência de minerais na região, destaca-se entre esses o Pegmatito Alto Serra Branca. Este pegmatito ocorre encaixado em xistos da Formação Seridó, sendo influenciado por zonas de cisalhamento locais dúcteis relacionadas ao Lineamento Patos e por fraturas de atitudes variáveis. Mapeamento geológico de detalhe, revelou que este corpo ocorre de maneira zonada, sendo definidas as zonas: i) contato, ii) intermediária externa, iii) intermediária interna e núcleo de quartzo. Estas zonas definem ocorrências preferenciais de minerais de valor econômico, como turmalinas e apatitas na nas zonas próximas a borda e cassiterita nas porções mais internas. Os dados obtidos nesta pesquisa sugerem que esta rocha corresponde a um pegmatito heterogêneo alojado ao longo de tenshion gashes em um evento regional de injeção de corpos pegmatíticos na Província Borborema.
Early detection and treatment of lame cows
Authors: Feldmann M. , Hoedemaker M. , Schulz T. , Gundelach Y. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryObjective: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of specific hoof lesions on the locomotion score (LS) as well as the effect of early detection and treatment on duration and prevalence of lesion-specific lameness. Material and methods: In a dairy herd in Lower Saxony, Germany, with 144 lactating cows, claw trimming was performed by a professional claw trimmer at the beginning and the end of a 41-week trial period. Weekly a veterinarian assessed the LS according to Sprecher et al. (1997) in 99 cows. The front and hind claws of cows with an LS > 1 were examined and treated within 5 days. For individual diagnoses, the duration of lameness was calculated as the number of weeks from first treatment until recovery (LS = 1).Results: In total, 580 examinations and treatments were performed on 94 cows. There were 189 new lameness cases with a total of 290 diagnoses. At the first treatment, 81.0% of the cows displayed an LS of 2. Cows with digital dermatitis (DD), heel horn erosion and white line disease (WLD) more often had an LS > 2 compared to cows with Rusterholz’ sole ulcer, interdigital hyperplasia or inadequate claw length/posture (p < 0.05). Cows with only one affected leg, more often had an LS > 2 than cows with several affected legs (p < 0.1). Lameness caused by WLD and arthritis/ periarthritis remained for the longest time period. The prevalence of sole haemorrhages and/or double soles, WLD, interdigital dermatitis and interdigital hyperplasia decreased significantly during the test period. Prevalence of sole ulcer (sole ulcer and Rusterholz’ sole ulcer) and DD remained unaffected. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Locomotion score was affected by the type of claw/limb disorder and the number of diseased limbs. Regular locomotion scoring and continuous treatment of cows with an LS > 1 is associated with a decrease in the prevalence of several claw lesions. Therefore, prevalence of severe claw lesions like WLD, which was associated with a long duration of lameness, can be reduced. In con trast, for decreasing prevalence of digital dermatitis more than weekly treatment of every cow with LS > 1 is required. Preventive measures like footbaths or improved hygiene should accompany the individual animal treatment.
CINEMA IN JAMAICA – THE LEGACY OF THE HARDER THEY COME
Authors: Ceccato Sabrina 
Published: January 2016

Mainstream cinema representing Jamaica and Jamaicans has always made use of clichés and stereotypes. The emergence of a local Jamaican cinema—beginning in 1972 with Perry Henzell’s movie—immediately started to give a new image of the country and its inhabitants. From The Harder They Come up to most recent movies, Jamaican cinema has used consistent style, techniques, and themes to give a new vision of the country. Jamaican movies may have low production value, but they provide a more authentic representation of Jamaica’s culture. Viewing Jamaican movies gives the audience a sense of a small but growing cinematic tradition.
Conservadores y liberales en México: ensayos de sociología y geografía políticas, de la independencia a la intervención francesa
Authors: Chevalier Francois 
Published: January 2016

<p>Luchas conservadores-­liberales. Predominio conservador sobre la Mesa Central apoyado en la iglesia, el ejercito y los industriales tex­tiles proteccionistas. Composición burocrati­co­ profesional del liberalismo y su influencia en el resto de las areas.</p>
Violaciones al Tratado de Guadalupe Hidalgo: las tribus indígenas
Authors: Moyano Ángela 
Published: January 2016

<p>Las tribus indígenas y su papel en la lucha fronteriza entre México y Estados Unidos, desde 1825 a 1854. Indolencia del gobierno norteamericano en el cumplimiento de sus obligaciones y empuje de las tribus hacia el sur ante el avance de la colonización.</p>
Hacia una reinterpretación de la historia norteamericana: 126 títulos en bibliotecas mexicanas
Authors: Núñez García Silvia , Suárez Argüello Ana Rosa , Terrazas y Basante María Marcela , Zermeño Padilla Guillermo 
Published: January 2016

<p>Revisión bibliográfica comentada de obras existentes en bibliotecas mexicanas sobre la historia de Estados Unidos. Causas del rechazo mexicano al estudio del pasado del país vecino. Caracterización de corrientes historiográficas y presentación grafico-estadística de textos revisados.</p>
La estructura social en Haití y el movimiento de independencia en el siglo XIX
Authors: Joachim Benoit 
Published: January 2016

<p>Ensayo histórico sobre las condiciones de nacimiento y consolidación del conjunto socioeconómico haitiano a partir de la guerra de independencia y su papel determinante en la fijación de rasgos característicos en la conformación de la nación a lo largo del siglo XIX</p>