Exploring Patient, Proxy, and Clinician Perspectives on the Value and Impact of an Inpatient Portal: A Reflexive Thematic Analysis
Authors: Schmidt Simone , Boulton Adam , Butler Benita , Fazio Timothy 
Published: September 2024

Background
Research exploring perspectives on inpatient portals reports that patients desire the information affordances of inpatient portals, and clinicians recognize their value for improving patient experience but also express caution regarding sharing aspects of the medical record. This study contributed to the existing literature on inpatient portals by considering the psychosocial dimension of clinician resistance to information sharing with inpatients and the power dynamic associated with clinician-patient information asymmetry. Along with the information affordances commonly discussed in this area, this study explored perspectives on the novel option to audio record consultations via an inpatient portal.

Objective
This study aims to understand patient, proxy, and clinician perspectives on the value and impact of an inpatient portal within the Australian context. It explores clinician resistance and receptivity to sharing aspects of the medical record with patients and the power dynamic that characterizes the relationship between clinician and patient. It considers how an inpatient portal might assist in the transformation of this relationship such that this relationship could be characterized by greater information symmetry.

Methods
Interviews were conducted with patients (n=20), proxies (n=4), and clinicians (n=21) recruited from 3 areas within the Royal Melbourne Hospital, where the portal would later be implemented. A largely inductive reflexive thematic analysis was conducted.

Results
Patient and proxy participants reported that they wanted to understand what is happening in their care for peace of mind and that an inpatient portal could support this understanding. Clinician participants reflected on how they might transform their information-sharing practice to provide greater transparency in their relationship with patients. Participants considered the types of information that could be shared and how this information could be shared via an inpatient portal. Four key themes were generated: (1) affording the patient and proxy awareness, control, and reassurance through sharing accessible and meaningful information; (2) protecting the clinician and safeguarding quality health care in information sharing; (3) flexibly deploying the functions depending upon clinician, patient, proxy, and context; and (4) moving toward person-centered care: empowerment and equity via an inpatient portal.

Conclusions
An inpatient portal provides an opportunity to reconceptualize the medical record and how this information might be shared with patients while they are admitted to the hospital, such that they have more understanding as to what is happening in their care, which ultimately supports their well-being. The transition to a more transparent information-sharing culture in the Australian hospital context will take time. An inpatient portal is a critical step in facilitating this transition and creating more informational symmetry in the clinician-patient relationship.