bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ДАРХАН-УУЛ АЙМГИЙН НУТАГТ ХОВОРДСОН АМЬТАН, УРГАМЛЫН ТӨРӨЛ ЗҮЙЛИЙН ХАМГААЛЛЫН АСУУДАЛД
Authors: Одончимэг Б. , Цэрэннадмид Б. , Ганболд М. 
Published: February 2016

Энэхүү судалгаагаар Дархан-Уул аймгийн нутаг дэвсгэрт “Байгалийн ургамлын тухай” Монгол улсын хуулийн хавсралт, Монгол Улсын ховор амьтдын зүйл (2001)-д багтсан нэн ховор 11 зүйл ургамал, БОНХЯ-наас гаргасан жагсаалтад багтсан 21 зүйл ховор ургамал, 5 зүйл ховор амьтан тэмдэглэж, тэдгээрийн тархацыг тогтоон, статус, ашиглалтын хэлбэрүүдийг тодорхойлсон. Уг тодорхойлолтыг үндэслэн биологийн төрөл зүйлийг хамгаалах зөвлөмж боловсрууллаа.
УСАН ГАДАРГЫН БОЛОН ХӨРСНИЙ ГАДАРГЫН УСНЫ УУРШИЛТ (ДАРХАН-УУЛ АЙМГИЙН ЖИШЭЭН ДЭЭР)
Authors: Билэгсайхан Г. , Оюун Ж. 
Published: February 2016

Дэлхийн уур амьсгалын өөрчлөлтийн нөлөөгөөр Монгол орны уур амьсгал илүү хурдацтай өөрчлөгдөж байна. Дэлхийн уур амьсгалын өөрчлөлтийн цаашдын хандлагыг харахад агаарын температур дулаарч, хур тунадас бага зэрэг нэмэгдэхээр байгаа боловч XXI зууны эхний хагаст дэвсгэр гадаргын нийлбэр ууршиц, хур тунадасны өсөлтөөс нэмэгдэхээр байгаа нь таагүй нөхцөл юм. Ийм учраас уур амьсгал өөрчлөгдөж байгаа одоогийн нөхцөлд гол мөрөн, нуур зэрэг усан сан ба хуурай гадаргын ууршилт хир явагдаж, хандлага нь хир байгаа нь анхаарал татсан сэдэв зайлшгүй мөн.Энэхүү өгүүлэлд Дархан-Уул аймгийн нутгийн усан гадарга, хөрсний ууршилтын хэмжээ, түүний хурдыг тооцоолох зорилгоор хөрсний гадаргаас уурших ууршицийг хөрсний ууршуулагчаар, усан гадаргын ууршлыг усны ууршуураар тодорхойлсон хэмжилтийн мэдээг ашиглав. Эдгээр мэдээнд тулгуурлан усан гадарга ба хөрсний гадаргаас уурших ууршилт, тухайн хугацаанд орсон хур тунадас, ууршилтын горим, олон жилийн дунджаас хазайх хазайлтыг гаргалаа. Мөн дулааны улирлын усан гадаргаас ууршсан ууршиц, хөрсний ууршилтыг тооцоолохын зэрэгцээ, усны балансын тэгшитгэл ашиглан хөрсний ууршилтыг тооцоолов. Усан гадаргаас хоногт уурших ууршилтын хэмжээг Орос улсын ба манай эрдэмтдийн туршилтын томьоёогоор тооцоолсон дүнтэй харьцууллаа. Түүнчлэн ууршилтын жил, жилийн өөрчлөлтийн хандлагыг илрүүлж, усан гадарга, хөрснөөс уурших ууршилтын хурдыг өдөр ба шөнийн хугацаагаар тооцоолж, хоногт уурших ууршилтын хэмжээг тодорхойлов.Дархан-Уул аймгийн нутагт усан гадаргаас дулааны улиралд олон жилийн дунджаар 275.7 мм, хөрснөөс 157,5 мм ус тус тус ууршдаг ба усан гадаргаас олон жилийн дунджаар өдөр 0,22 мм/цаг, шөнө 0,13 мм/цаг-ийн хурдтай ууршилт явагдаж, хөрснөөс 0,07 мм/цаг-ийн хурдтай, хоногт 1,7 мм ууршилт явагдаж байна.
НЭРТ СОЁН ГЭГЭЭРҮҮЛЭГЧ ОНХОД ОВОГТ САНГАРАВЫН ЖАМЬЯН (1864-1930)
Authors: Долингор Г. , Даваадулам Э. 
Published: February 2016

Монголын орчин цагийн шинжлэх ухааны байгууллагыг үүсгэн байгуулсан эрдэмтэн С.Жамьян Цэцэн хан аймгийн Ачит вангийн хошууны ард Сангаравын гэрт 1864 онд төрсөн. С.Жамьян багаасаа нутгийн сэхээтэн Билэгтэд шавь орж, гэрийн сургалтаар монгол, манж, төвд үсэг бичигт тайлагдаж, хошуу тамгын газрын тал бичээчээс Богд хаант Монгол Улсын Сангийн яамны дэд сайд, улмаар Ардыг гэгээрүүүлэх яамны анхны сайд, Судар бичгийн хүрээлэнгийн эрхэлсэн сайдаар тус тус тохоон томилогдож явсан баялаг түүхтэй хүн юм. Тэрбээр орон нутаг, нийслэл хүрээнд бичиг дансны ажил эрхлэн онцгой зүтгэл гаргасны учир Их шавийн яамнаас “Зайсан” тушаал олгож, улмаар “Улсад туслагч гүн”-гийн хэрэг хэргэм хүртээжээ.1921 оны Ардын хувьсгалын дараа шинэ цагийн соёл, боловсролыг дэлгэрүүлэх үйлсэд сайд Жамьянгийн идэвх оролцоо нэн чухал байжээ. С.Жамьян бол орчин үеийн Монголын шинжлэх ухааны анхны байгууллагыг үүсгэн байгуулж, хөгжүүлэн дэлгэрүүлэх, үндэсний утга соёлын өв уламжлалыг хайрлан хамгаалах, түүхийн дурсгалт зүйлийг судлан сурвалжлах, хойч залуу үеийг сурган хүмүүжүүлэх, монгол хэл бичгийн судлалын бүтээл туурвих үйлсэд бие лагшин, сэтгэл зүрх, билиг авьяасаа бүрэн зориулсан их соён гэгээрүүлэгч мөн.
УУР АМЬСГАЛЫН ӨӨРЧЛӨЛТ, ХӨДӨӨ АЖ АХУЙД ТҮҮНИЙ ҮЗҮҮЛЭХ НӨЛӨӨ, ХҮНСНИЙ АЮУЛГҮЙ БАЙДАЛ
Authors: Мижиддорж Ж. 
Published: February 2016

Уур амьсгалын нөөц нь улс үндэстний эдийн засгийн хэвшил, түүний хөгжлийг тодорхойлж байдаг байгаль экологийн үндсэн үзүүлэлт болно. Өнгөрсөн зууны 60-70- аад оны үед дэлхийн хэмжээгээр уур амьсгалын нөхцөл Хөдөө аж ахуй түүний дотор газар тариаланд тааламжтай байсан учир эрдэмтэн судлаачид, үйлдвэрлэл нь цаг уурын нөхцлөөс нэг их хамаарахгүй, бид байгаль-экологийн нөхцлийг захиран жолоодож эрхэндээ оруулах боломжтой хэмээн ойлгож, ярьж бичиж байв.Гэвч сүүлийн жилүүдийн нөхцөл байдал энэ ойлголтыг үндсээр нь өөрчилж хөдөө аж ахуйн үйлдвэрлэл байгаль-экологи, түүний дотор уур амьсгалын “судасны цохилтын аясаар” явагддаг болох нь улам бүр тодорхой болж байна.
Four-dimensional noise reduction using the time series of medical computed tomography datasets with short interval times: a static-phantom study
Authors: Nishii Tatsuya , Kono Atsushi K. , Tani Wakiko , Suehiro Erina , Negi Noriyuki , Takahashi Satoru , Sugimura Kazuro 
Published: February 2016

Backgrounds.This study examines the hypothesis that four-dimensional noise reduction (4DNR) with short interval times reduces noise in cardiac computed tomography (CCT) using “padding” phases. Furthermore, the capability of reducing the reduction dose in CCT using this post-processing technique was assessed.Methods.Using base and quarter radiation doses for CCT (456 and 114 mAs/rot with 120 kVp), a static phantom was scanned ten times with retrospective electrocardiogram gating, and 4DNR with short interval times (50 ms) was performed using a post-processing technique. Differences in the computed tomography (CT) attenuation, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and spatial resolution with modulation transfer function in each dose image obtained with and without 4DNR were assessed by conducting a Tukey–Kramer’s test and non-inferiority test.Results.For the base dose, by using 4DNR, the CNR was improved from 1.18 ± 0.15 to 2.08 ± 0.20 (P= 0.001), while the CT attenuation and spatial resolution of the image of 4DNR did not were significantly inferior to those of reference image (P< 0.001). CNRs of the quarter-dose image in 4DNR also improved to 1.28 ± 0.11, and were not inferior to those of the non-4DNR images of the base dose (P< 0.001).Conclusions.4DNR with short interval times significantly reduced noise. Furthermore, applying this method to CCT would have the potential of reducing the radiation dose by 75%, while maintaining a similar image noise level.
Eficiência do cloransulam-metílico no controle em pós-emergência de Conyza bonariensis na cultura da soja RR®
Authors: Blainski Éder , Maciel Cleber Daniel de Goes , Zobiole Luiz Henrique Saes , Rubin Rogério Da Silva , Silva André Augusto Pazinato , Karpinski Ricardo André Kloster , Helvig Enelise Osco 
Published: February 2016

Com a introdução da soja transgênica resistente ao glyphosate, a qual foi amplamente difundida na região sul do Brasil, intensificou-se o número de aplicações e a seleção de biótipos de buva (Conyza bonarienses) resistente ao herbicida. Desta maneira, são fundamentais novas alternativas químicas para o controle eficiente de buva. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia do cloransulam-metílico (Pacto®), aplicado em pós-emergência, no controle de C. bonariensis e produtividade da soja SYN 1059 RR Vtop®. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Assis Chateaubriand-PR, em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos constituíram das doses de cloransulam-metílico (25, 30, 35 e 40 g i.a. ha-1), clorimuron-etílico (20 g i.a. ha-1) e testemunhas capinada e sem capina. As plantas de buva encontravam-se entre 5 a 10 cm de altura e densidade média de 35 plantas por m2. Cloransulam-metílico, nas doses de 25 e 30 g ha-1, não controlou de forma eficiente a buva (<80%) a partir dos 28 DAA (dias após aplicação), sendo inferior ao clorimuron-etílico. Entretanto, cloransulam-metílico a 35 e 40 g ha-1 apresentou controle de buva (87,0% e 90,7%) não diferindo significativamente do clorimuron-etílico aos 42 DAA (85,7%), assim como não ocasionando sintomas de injúrias e redução de produtividade à cultura da soja. Cloransulam-metílico apesar de não ter sido eficiente no controle de C. bonariensis a 30 g ha-1, apresentou produtividade da soja semelhante à testemunha capinada, e superior ao clorimuron-etílico. A matointerferência ocasionada pela infestação de buva reduziu a produtividade da soja em 47,5%.
Eficiência e seletividade do flumioxazin e do S-metolachlor na aplicação em pré emergência da mandioca ‘Baianinha’
Authors: Costa Neumárcio Vilanova , Pompermaier Ramella João Ricardo , Sontag Daniel Adriano , Pavan Guilherme Cardoso , Dourado Rodrigo Fernando 
Published: February 2016

Objetivou-se avaliar a seletividade e a eficiência no controle de plantas daninhas do flumioxazin e do S-metolachlor na cultura da mandioca ‘Baianinha’. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram nas seguintes doses do flumioxazin 50, 75, 100 e 125 gha-1 i.a. e as doses do S-metolachlor foram 960, 1920, 2880 e 3840 g ha-1 i.a., além de uma testemunha sem capina e outra capinada. A aplicação dos tratamentos foi realizada em 11/10/2013, 13 dias após o plantio (DAP) e a maniva apresentava brotos subterrâneos com 3,0 a 4,5 cm. O flumioxazin na maior dose proporcionou 61,5% de redução da biomassa das plantas daninhas, enquanto que o S-metolachlor na maior dose reduziu 63,7% na biomassa de plantas daninhas. Ambos os herbicidas não promoveram fitointoxicação e não alteraram a produtividade de raízes e teor de amido das plantas de mandioca. Concluiu-se que, os herbicidas foram seletivos para a mandioca ‘Baianinha’ e eficientes no controle das plantas daninhas. Entretanto, o nível de controle aumentou de acordo com incrementos das doses avaliadas.
What drives interannual variability of hypoxia in Chesapeake Bay: Climate forcing versus nutrient loading?
Authors: Li Ming , Lee Younjoo J. , Testa Jeremy M. , Li Yun , Ni Wenfei , Kemp W. Michael , Di Toro Dominic M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractOxygen depletion in estuaries is a worldwide problem with detrimental effects on many organisms. Although nutrient loading has been stabilized for a number of these systems, seasonal hypoxia persists and displays large year‐to‐year variations, with larger hypoxic volumes in wetter years and smaller hypoxic volumes in drier years. Data analysis points to climate as a driver of interannual hypoxia variability, but nutrient inputs covary with freshwater flow. Here we report an oxygen budget analysis of Chesapeake Bay to quantify relative contributions of physical and biogeochemical processes. Vertical diffusive flux declines with river discharge, whereas longitudinal advective flux increases with river discharge, such that their total supply of oxygen to bottom water is relatively unchanged. However, water column respiration exhibits large interannual fluctuations and is correlated with primary production and hypoxic volume. Hence, the model results suggest that nutrient loading is the main mechanism driving interannual hypoxia variability in Chesapeake Bay.
Is the Brewer‐Dobson circulation increasing or moving upward?
Authors: Oberländer‐Hayn Sophie , Gerber Edwin P. , Abalichin Janna , Akiyoshi Hideharu , Kerschbaumer Andreas , Kubin Anne , Kunze Markus , Langematz Ulrike , Meul Stefanie , Michou Martine , Morgenstern Olaf , Oman Luke D. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe meridional circulation of the stratosphere, or Brewer‐Dobson circulation (BDC), is projected to accelerate with increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations. The acceleration is typically quantified by changes in the tropical upward mass flux (Ftrop) across a given pressure surface. Simultaneously, models project a lifting of the entire atmospheric circulation in response to GHGs; notably, the tropopause rises about a kilometer over this century. In this study, it is shown that most of the BDC trend is associated with the rise in the circulation. Using a chemistry‐climate model (CCM), Ftrop trends across 100 hPa are contrasted with those across the tropopause: while Ftrop at 100 hPa increases 1–2 %/decade, the mass flux entering the atmosphere above the tropopause actually decreases. Similar results are found for other CCMs, suggesting that changes in the BDC may better be described as an upward shift of the circulation, as opposed to an increase, with implications for the mechanism and stratosphere‐troposphere exchange.
Whistler emission in the separatrix regions of asymmetric magnetic reconnection
Authors: Graham D. B. , Vaivads A. , Khotyaintsev Yu. V. , André M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAt Earth's dayside magnetopause asymmetric magnetic reconnection occurs between the cold dense magnetosheath plasma and the hot tenuous magnetospheric plasma, which differs significantly from symmetric reconnection. During magnetic reconnection the separatrix regions are potentially unstable to a variety of instabilities. In this paper observations of the separatrix regions of asymmetric reconnection are reported as Cluster crossed the magnetopause near the subsolar point. The small relative motion between the spacecraft and plasma allows spatial changes of electron distributions within the separatrix regions to be resolved over multiple spacecraft spins. The electron distributions are shown to be unstable to the electromagnetic whistler mode and the electrostatic beam mode. Large‐amplitude whistler waves are observed in the magnetospheric and magnetosheath separatrix regions, and outflow region. In the magnetospheric separatrix regions the observed whistler waves propagate toward the X line, which are shown to be driven by the loss in magnetospheric electrons propagating away from the X line and are enhanced by the presence of magnetosheath electrons. The beam mode waves are predicted to be produced by beams of magnetosheath electrons propagating away from the X line and potentially account for some of the electrostatic fluctuations observed in the magnetospheric separatrix regions.
Statistical correlation of low‐altitude ENA emissions with geomagnetic activity from IMAGE/MENA observations
Authors: Mackler D. A. , Jahn J.‐M. , Perez J. D. , Pollock C. J. , Valek P. W. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPlasma sheet particles transported Earthward during times of active magnetospheric convection can interact with exospheric/thermospheric neutrals through charge exchange. The resulting Energetic Neutral Atoms (ENAs) are free to leave the influence of the magnetosphere and can be remotely detected. ENAs associated with low‐altitude (300–800 km) ion precipitation in the high‐latitude atmosphere/ionosphere are termed low‐altitude emissions (LAEs). Remotely observed LAEs are highly nonisotropic in velocity space such that the pitch angle distribution at the time of charge exchange is near 90°. The Geomagnetic Emission Cone of LAEs can be mapped spatially, showing where proton energy is deposited during times of varying geomagnetic activity. In this study we present a statistical look at the correlation between LAE flux (intensity and location) and geomagnetic activity. The LAE data are from the MENA imager on the IMAGE satellite over the declining phase of solar cycle 23 (2000–2005). The SYM‐H, AE, and Kp indices are used to describe geomagnetic activity. The goal of the study is to evaluate properties of LAEs in ENA images and determine if those images can be used to infer properties of ion precipitation. Results indicate a general positive correlation to LAE flux for all three indices, with the SYM‐H showing the greatest sensitivity. The magnetic local time distribution of LAEs is centered about midnight and spreads with increasing activity. The invariant latitude for all indices has a slightly negative correlation. The combined results indicate LAE behavior similar to that of ion precipitation.
The influence of external forcing on subdecadal variability of regional surface temperature in CMIP5 simulations of the last millennium
Authors: Le Thanh , Sjolte Jesper , Muscheler Raimund 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe use Granger causality to investigate the influences of external forcings on subdecadal variability of regional near‐surface air temperature (SAT) in past millennium simulations (period 850–1850 A.D.) of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models. Our results strengthen the conclusion for robust influence of volcanic forcing on SAT during preindustrial times of the last millennium. The SAT response to solar variations is detected in tropical and subtropical regions. In other regions, this response is weak. The impact of greenhouse gases (GHGs) radiative forcing to regional SAT is weak and uncertain. This is most probably due to the low amplitude of the variations in GHGs and hence weak GHGs forcing during the preindustrial millennium. The low agreement between models in simulating the impacts of solar variations on SAT in several regions suggests the different dynamical responses in these models, possibly associated with inaccurate parameterization of the processes related to solar forcing. Our analysis suggests that internal climate variability played a more significant role than external forcings in short‐term SAT variability in the regions of the North Atlantic, the North Pacific, the Arctic, the Antarctic Peninsula, and its surrounding oceans. The possibility of long‐term impacts of external forcings on SAT and the uncertainties that might be contained due to effects of internal climate modes other than El Niño–Southern Oscillation underscore the necessity for a more detailed understanding of the dynamical response of SAT to external forcings.
Benchmarking historical CMIP5 plant functional types across the Upper Midwest and Northeastern United States
Authors: Matthes Jaclyn Hatala , Goring Simon , Williams John W. , Dietze Michael C. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCentennial‐scale climate‐ecosystem feedbacks are a major source of predictive uncertainty for land‐atmosphere fluxes of energy, carbon, and water. Accurate representations of plant functional type (PFT) distributions through time and space are required for modeling centennial‐scale feedbacks within Earth system models (ESMs). We tested the ability of ESMs from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) to capture historical PFT distributions at the time of Euro‐American settlement in the Northeastern United States against a new subcontinental‐scale data set of historical tree abundances derived from forest composition surveys. To identify and diagnose errors in ESM‐simulated PFT distributions and quantify impacts on modeled albedo, net primary productivity, and transpiration, we analyzed actual and modeled PFT distributions with respect to historical mean annual climate and modeled elasticity among PFTs, climate, and vegetation‐atmosphere fluxes. Historical PFT distributions were poorly matched between ESMs and the settlement‐era data, often due to inaccurate PFT‐climate relationships within ESMs, particularly for evergreen trees. Some models exhibited large local, but regionally compensating, errors in simulated albedo, net primary productivity, and transpiration due to inaccurate PFT distributions, while others had systematic regional biases in vegetation‐atmosphere fluxes. Internal variable elasticity varied among ESMs, and these differences closely corresponded to model skill in predicting PFT distributions. New historical benchmarks like the settlement‐era vegetation data provide opportunities to confront ESMs, parse sources of error, and improve simulations of historical and future vegetation‐atmosphere feedbacks.
From channelization to restoration: Sociohydrologic modeling with changing community preferences in the Kissimmee River Basin, Florida
Authors: Chen Xi , Wang Dingbao , Tian Fuqiang , Sivapalan Murugesu 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe Kissimmee River Basin (Florida, USA) underwent river channelization in the 1960s and subsequent restoration in the 1990s, revealing a shift in management emphasis from flood protection to wetland health. In this paper, this shift is hypothesized to result from changing human values and preferences, and a power differential between the more numerous and affluent upstream urban residents (who prioritize wetland restoration) and downstream rural residents (who prioritize flood protection). We develop a conceptual sociohydrologic model to simulate the interactions between community interests and hydrology. The modeling results show that flood intensity decreased after channelization, which reduced concern about flooding. However, channelization also led to a decrease in wetland storage, which caused an increase of wetland concern, especially among the urban residents. Eventually, the community sensitivity switched from favoring flood protection to favoring wetlands, and subsequent management strategies switched from channelization to restoration. Using the model, we project that the wetlands will be recovering for the next 20 years and community sensitivity will slowly go back to a neutral state. However, possible rainfall intensification in the future could return the community sensitivity to favoring flood protection again. The preferential increase of upstream population growth will raise the community's concern about wetlands and the preferential increase of downstream population growth will magnify concern about flooding. This study provides insight into the driving forces behind human‐water interactions in the Kissimmee River Basin while simultaneously demonstrating the potential of sociohydrologic modeling to describe complex human‐water coupled systems with simple concepts and equations.
Impact of rising greenhouse gas concentrations on future tropical ozone and UV exposure
Authors: Meul Stefanie , Dameris Martin , Langematz Ulrike , Abalichin Janna , Kerschbaumer Andreas , Kubin Anne , Oberländer‐Hayn Sophie 
Published: February 2016

AbstractFuture projections of tropical total column ozone (TCO) are challenging, as its evolution is affected not only by the expected decline of ozone depleting substances but also by the uncertain increase of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. To assess the range of tropical TCO projections, we analyze simulations with a chemistry‐climate model forced by three different GHG scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5, RCP6.0, and RCP8.5). We find that tropical TCO will be lower by the end of the 21st century compared to the 1960s in all scenarios with the largest decrease in the medium RCP6.0 scenario. Uncertainties of the projected TCO changes arise from the magnitude of stratospheric column decrease and tropospheric ozone increase which both strongly vary between the scenarios. In the three scenario simulations the stratospheric column decrease is not compensated by the increase in tropospheric ozone. The concomitant increase in harmful ultraviolet irradiance reaches up to 15% in specific regions in the RCP6.0 scenario.
On the relationship between extratropical cyclone precipitation and intensity
Authors: Pfahl S. , Sprenger M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractExtratropical precipitation is largely associated with the passage of cyclones. Here the relative importance of cyclone intensity and moisture availability for cyclone precipitation is investigated using reanalysis data. It is shown that 69% of the event‐to‐event variability of precipitation in the cyclones' intensification phase is explained by a simple scaling relationship using as predictor the product of cyclone intensity (measured in terms of near‐surface wind speed) and total column water vapor (TCWV) in the cyclone region. Differences in the correlation of cyclone intensity with precipitation before and after the time of maximum intensity are potentially related to effects of latent heating on cyclone intensification. For subtropical cyclones, intensity alone is a good predictor of the associated precipitation, whereas at higher latitudes, where moisture availability is more limited, TCWV is an important independent factor. The results from this study may be used to better understand and constrain future regional‐scale precipitation changes.