bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating a process‐based model for use in streambank stabilization: insights on the Bank Stability and Toe Erosion Model (BSTEM)
Authors: Klavon Kate , Fox Garey , Guertault Lucie , Langendoen Eddy , Enlow Holly , Miller Ron , Khanal Anish 
Published: October 2016

AbstractStreambank retreat is a complex cyclical process involving subaerial processes, fluvial erosion, seepage erosion, and geotechnical failures and is driven by several soil properties that themselves are temporally and spatially variable. Therefore, it can be extremely challenging to predict and model the erosion and consequent retreat of streambanks. However, modeling streambank retreat has many important applications, including the design and assessment of mitigation strategies for stream revitalization and stabilization. In order to highlight the current complexities of modeling streambank retreat and to suggest future research areas, this paper reviewed one of the most comprehensive streambank retreat models available, the Bank Stability and Toe Erosion Model (BSTEM), which has recently been integrated with several popular hydrodynamic and sediment transport models including the Hydrologic Engineering Center's River Analysis System (HEC‐RAS). The objectives of this paper were to: (i) comprehensively review studies that have utilized BSTEM and report their findings, (ii) address the limitations of the model so that it can be applied appropriately in its current form, and (iii) suggest directions of research that will help make the model a more useful tool in future applications. The paper includes an extensive overview of peer reviewed studies to guide future users of BSTEM. The review demonstrated that the model needs further testing and evaluation outside of the central United States. Also, further development is needed in terms of accounting for spatial and temporal variability in geotechnical and fluvial erodibility parameters, incorporating subaerial processes, and accounting for the influence of riparian vegetation on streambank pore‐water pressure dynamics, applied shear stress, and erodibility parameters. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An ALE approach to mechano‐chemical processes in fluid–structure interactions
Authors: Yang Yifan , Richter Thomas , Jäger Willi , Neuss‐Radu Maria 
Published: October 2016

SummaryMathematical modeling and simulation of fluid–structure interaction problems are in the focus of research already for a longer period. However, taking into account also chemical reactions, leading to structural changes, including changes of mechanical properties of the solid phase, is rather new but for many applications is highly important area. This paper formulates a model system for reactive flow and transport in a vessel system, the penetration of chemical substances into the solid wall. Inside the wall, reactions take place that lead to changes of volume and of the mechanical properties of the wall. Numerical algorithms are developed and used to simulate the dynamics of such a mechano‐chemical fluid–structure interaction problem. As a proof of concept scenario, plaque formation in blood vessels is chosen. The arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian approach (ALE) is chosen to solve the systems numerically. Temporal discretization of the fully coupled monolithic model is accomplished by backward Euler scheme and spatial discretization by stabilized finite elements. The numerical approach is verified by numerical tests, and effective methods to maintain mesh qualities under large deformations are described. For realistic system parameters, the simulations show that the plaque formation in blood vessel is a long‐time effect. The time scale of the formation is in the simulation of comparable order as in reality. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reconfiguring the Reading Experience: Using Pop‐Culture Texts to Shift Reading Narratives
Authors: Hall Leigh A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMost people have struggled with reading in one situation or another, depending on their appreciation for the content, their prior experiences, and the texts. This department column shares ways for educators to help literacy learners unlock their potential with instruction anchored in their skills, knowledge, ways of learning, interests, and attitudes.
TreeExp1.0: R Package for Analyzing Expression Evolution Based on RNA‐Seq Data
Authors: Ruan Hang , Su Zhixi , Gu Xun 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTRecent innovation of RNA‐seq technology has shed insightful light on the transcriptomic evolution studies, especially on researches of tissue‐specific expression evolution. Phylogenetic analysis of transcriptome data may help to identify causal gene expression differences underlying the evolutionary changes in morphological, physiological, and developmental characters of interest. However, there is a deficiency of software to phylogenetically analyze transcriptome data. To address this need, we have developed an R package TreeExp that can perform comparative expression evolution analysis based on RNA‐seq data, which includes optimized input formatting, normalization, pairwise expression distance estimation, expression character tree inference, and preliminary expression phylogenetic network analysis. TreeExp also enables user to map expression distance onto a customized phylogenetic tree. By applying TreeExp on two cases of mammalian gene expression evolution, we observed that (1) expression trees of brain and testis are largely consistent with known mammalian species tree with minor discrepancies; (2) intertissues expression divergences (brain and testis) are more substantial than interspecies expression divergences across mammalian species; and (3) expression pattern of gene modules related to nervous system development exhibits specific expression pattern in brain of primates compared to housekeeping genes. These tissue‐specific expression patterns might give insights underlying evo‐devo mechanisms of complex organisms. TreeExp is released under the GPL v3 open source license, and its current stable version 1.0 is freely available at the Github developer site (https://github.com/hr1912/TreeExp).
Higher resolution cine imaging with compressed sensing for accelerated clinical left ventricular evaluation
Authors: Lin Aaron C.W. , Strugnell Wendy , Riley Robyn , Schmitt Benjamin , Zenge Michael , Schmidt Michaela , Morris Norman R , Hamilton‐Craig Christian 
Published: October 2016

PurposeTo assess the clinical feasibility of a compressed sensing cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence of both high temporal and spatial resolution (CS_bSSFP) in comparison to a balanced steady‐state free precession cine (bSSFP) sequence for reliable quantification of left ventricular (LV) volumes and mass.Materials and MethodsSegmented MRI cine images were acquired on a 1.5T scanner in 50 patients in the LV short‐axis stack orientation using a retrospectively gated conventional bSSFP sequence (generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition [GRAPPA] acceleration factor 2), followed by a prospectively triggered CS_bSSFP sequence with net acceleration factor of 8. Image quality was assessed by published criteria. Comparison of sequences was made in LV volumes and mass, image quality score, quantitative regional myocardial wall motion, and imaging time using Pearson's correlation, Bland–Altman and paired 2‐tailed Student's t‐test.ResultsDifferences (bSSFP minus CS_bSSFP, mean ± SD) and Pearson's correlations were 14.8 ± 16.3 (P = 0.31) and r = 0.98 (P < 0.0001) for end‐diastolic volume (EDV), 8.4 ± 11.3 (P = 0.54) and r = 0.99 (P < 0.0001) for end‐systolic volume (ESV), –0.4 ± 2.5 (P = 0.87) and r = 0.97 (P < 0.0001) for EF, and –0.9 ± 11.8 (P = 0.92) and r = 0.97 (P < 0.0001) for LV mass. Bland–Altman analyses [bias and (limits of agreement)] revealed strong agreement in LVEDV [8.7 ml, (–12.1, 29.6)], LVESV [4.3 ml, (–11.9, 20.6)], LVEF [‐0.02%, (–5.37, 5.33)], and myocardial mass [‐6.1 g, (–14.7, 26.9)]. Image quality was comparable with a similar mean score (P = 0.42), with a good correlation in image quality observed (r = 0.68, P < 0.0001). Quantitative regional myocardial wall motion demonstrated strong correlation between the sequences (r = 0.87, P < 0.0001). Imaging time was significantly shorter for the CS_bSSFP sequence (1.1 ± 0.5 versus 5.6 ± 1.6 min, P < 0.0001).ConclusionThe novel high‐resolution cine CS_bSSFP accurately and reliably quantitates LV volumes and mass, shortens acquisition times, and is clinically feasible.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;45:1693–1699
Strategies to prevent unwarranted criticism of professions that extend their services: The case of pharmacist‐administered vaccinations
Authors: Moss Simon A. , Bushell Mary A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMany professions strive to extend their gamut of services, yet other professions may attempt to stifle these changes. For example, in Australia, the prospect that pharmacists are permitted to administer vaccinations in some jurisdictions has ignited strident criticism from other professional bodies, including the Australian Medical Association. These criticisms may diminish the confidence of consumers and, therefore, stymie the attempts of professions to extend their services. The aim of this paper is to uncover strategies that professional bodies can implement to prevent unwarranted criticism. This paper first identifies the biases that evoke these criticisms, such as inflated judgements of the status quo. Second, this paper shows that these biases can be ascribed to a specific mindset, in which individuals feel dissociated from future aspirations. Finally, this paper delineates practices that may redress these biases, such as a retreat in which the proposal to extend services is discussed in collaboration with other professional bodies, years before the intended changes.
The effects of entanglement concentration on the hydrodynamic properties of cereal starches
Authors: Guo Li , Zhang Juanjuan , Hu Jian , Du Xianfeng , Cui Bo 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe hydrodynamic properties of four cereal starches in dilute and semi‐dilute aqueous solutions were investigated using an Ubbelohde viscometer, a transmission electron microscope and steady shear rheological measurements.RESULTSThe results indicated that the starch solutions showed the nonlinear shape of the ηsp/c versus c curves in dilute solutions, followed by a linear increase to different extents thereafter. The intrinsic viscosity might be positively correlated with the entanglement concentration (ce). Compared to normal maize and wheat starch solutions, ce influences more significantly the network formation of normal and waxy rice starch solutions. At concentrations ≤ ce, the gelatinized cereal starch solutions hardly exhibit shear thinning behavior, whereas shear thinning behavior developed at concentrations > ce, at which the solutions were pseudoplastic and thixotropic.CONCLUSIONThe obtained information will be very useful, based on ce as a reference value, in regulating the starch concentration suitable for different industrial applications. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Resident and student education in otolaryngology: A 10‐year update on e‐learning
Authors: Tarpada Sandip P. , Hsueh Wayne D. , Gibber Marc J. 
Published: October 2016

Objectives/HypothesisE‐learning, in its most rudimentary form, is the use of Internet‐based resources for teaching and learning purposes. In surgical specialties, this definition encompasses the use of virtual patient cases, digital modeling, and online tutorials, as well as standardized video and imaging. As new technological frontiers rapidly emerge within otolaryngology, e‐learning may be an effective alternative to traditional teaching. Here we present a systematic review of the literature assessing the efficacy of e‐learning for otolaryngology education and a discussion of the relevance of these programs for both medical students and residents within the field.Study DesignSystematic review.MethodsA systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library was conducted according to the guidelines defined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses statement.ResultsTwelve studies met inclusion criteria. These studies measured a range of outcomes from basic science anatomical knowledge to clinically relevant endpoints such as diagnostic accuracy. Nearly all of the studies reported greater satisfaction and/or significantly increased objective knowledge using the e‐learning intervention compared to traditional techniques.ConclusionsE‐learning proves to be a powerful alternative to standard teaching techniques within otolaryngology education for both residents and medical students. Future work should focus on validating specific e‐learning programs and accessing long‐term knowledge retention using these innovative platforms.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 127:E219–E224, 2017
A european multicenter study evaluating the flex robotic system in transoral robotic surgery
Authors: Lang Stephan , Mattheis Stefan , Hasskamp Pia , Lawson Georges , Güldner Christian , Mandapathil Magis , Schuler Patrick , Hoffmann Thomas , Scheithauer Marc , Remacle Marc 
Published: October 2016

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the application of the Flex Robotic System in transoral robotic surgery (TORS).Study DesignMulticenter, prospective, open‐label, single‐armed clinical study.MethodsA prospective clinical follow‐up multicenter study was performed from July 2014 to October 2015 assessing the safety and efficacy of the Medrobotics Flex Robotic System for access and visualization of the oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx as well as for resection of benign and malignant lesions. A total of 80 patients were enrolled. Access and visualization of five anatomic subsites (base of tongue, palatine tonsil area, epiglottis, posterior pharyngeal wall, and false vocal cords) were individually graded by the surgeon. Setup times, access and visualization times, surgical results, and adverse events were documented.ResultsThe relevant anatomic structures could be exposed and visualized properly in 75 patients, who went on to have a surgical procedure performed with the Flex Robotic System. Access and visualization of the palatine tonsil area, posterior pharyngeal wall, epiglottis, and posterior pharyngeal wall were excellent. However, false vocal cords and vocal cords were more difficult to expose. Seventy‐two patients were treated successfully with the Flex Robotic System. There were no serious or unanticipated device‐related adverse events caused by the Flex Robotic System.ConclusionsLesions in the oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx could be successfully resected with the Flex Robotic System, specifically developed for TORS. Our study provides evidence that the Flex Robotic System is a safe and effective tool in TORS. Laryngoscope, 2016 127:391–395, 2017
An Evaluation of the Performance and the Contribution of Different Modified Water Demand Estimates in Drought Modeling Over Water‐stressed Regions
Authors: Zhang Baoqing , Long Biao , Wu Zhiyong , Wang Zikui 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe lack of reliable estimation of water demand in drought study has been an important obstacle in efforts for characterizing the variability of water consumption and its effects on drought monitoring and prediction, particularly over water‐stressed regions. This study evaluated the performance and the contribution of three modified water demand estimates in drought modeling, including Penman–Monteith (PM) method, dual‐source potential evapotranspiration model (2S PET model), and climatically appropriate for existing conditions precipitation (
). The results show that Standardized Moisture Anomaly Index based on
shows the highest correlations with different types of drought evidence, demonstrating that the
as a water demand metric performs the best in drought modeling over water‐stressed regions. Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index based on 2S PET model performs better than that based on PM equation. Although the 2S PET model is physically superior to PM equation over agricultural or water‐stress regions where the plant canopy is not “closed,” the limitations of using PET as water demand estimates in drought study still exist. Theoretically speaking, the actual water demand in non‐humid regions should be highly associated with the climatically averaged water supply capability (precipitation, P), and the contributions of water demand and supply to drought indices are generally balanced in any region, which is realistically reflected by the relationships between P and
. On the contrary, the magnitude and contribution of PET2S and PETPM were always higher than P over water‐stressed regions, which could result in a water imbalance and generate more systemic errors in drought identification. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitating active photosystem II reaction center content from fluorescence induction transients
Authors: Murphy Cole D. , Ni Guangyan , Li Gang , Barnett Audrey , Xu Kui , Grant‐Burt Jessica , Liefer Justin D. , Suggett David J. , Campbell Douglas A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPhotosystem II (PSII) is a pigment‐protein complex that photochemically extracts electrons from water, generating the reductant that supports biological productivity in all biomes. Estimating the content of active PSII reaction centers in a liquid sample is a key input for estimating aquatic photosynthesis rates, as well as for analyzing phytoplankton stress responses. Established procedures for PSII content quantification based on oxygen evolution are slow, imprecise and require dense cell suspensions, and are thus inapplicable to many laboratory or field studies. A new approach uses baseline chlorophyll fluorescence emission divided by the effective absorbance cross section for PSII photochemistry, with both variables derivable from single turnover fluorescence induction protocols. This approach has not been widely tested and is potentially subject to variation in samples suffering progressive photoinactivation or induction of non‐photochemical quenching under variable light. We evaluated the validity of this approach for a marine picocyanobacteria, low and high light Prochlorococcus ecotypes, arctic and temperate prasinophyte green alga and two centric diatoms, generating 209 paired determinations from a range of growth and treatment conditions. We successfully calibrated the fluorescence derived estimator for PSII reaction center content, and demonstrate a modification that corrects for the short term influence of photoinactivation. The modified parameter shows little response to induction of non‐photochemical quenching. In doing so we show the potential and limitations of an estimator of active PSII reaction center content that is sufficiently robust to support rapid, time‐resolved autonomous measures of primary productivity from lakes and oceans.
Modeling of Hierarchical Morphology of Carbon Nanotube Bundles in Polymer Composites
Authors: Kravchenko Oleksandr G. , Misiego Rocio , Kravchenko Sergii G. , Pipes R. Byron , Manas‐Zloczower Ica 
Published: October 2016

The morphological features of carbon nanotube (CNT) polymer composites and their influence on the effective modulus are evaluated. The considered features include bundle formation from the helical sub‐bundles made of individual CNTs. The formation of bundles is considered as a result of agglomeration of individual nanotubes above and below onset of percolation and is related to electrical conductivity. The proposed geometrical model yields a bundle diameter that agrees closely with that of the experimentally measured by voltage‐contrast method and scanning electron microscopy analysis of polyimide nanocomposites. The proposed micromechanical analytical model includes the helical structure of a bundle and provides close agreement of the effective Young's modulus of nanocomposite over a wide range of CNT content. It is shown that considering the helical structure of CNT bundles and its effect on bundle modulus is vital for predicting the effective modulus of CNT‐polymer nanocomposite.
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Molecular Architecture of Multi‐Block Polymer Synthesized in a Dual‐Catalyst Single CSTR
Authors: Konstantinov Ivan , Villa Carlos , Karjala Tom , Jain Pradeep 
Published: October 2016

This work aims at deriving analytical solutions for the molecular architecture of multi‐block polymer synthesized in a dual‐catalyst single CSTR. While the relevant equations are developed for homopolymerization, they can easily be extended to copolymerization. Special emphasis is placed on the quantities associated with each catalyst rather than the overall ones. However, if all rate parameters are available, the expressions can be used to calculate the properties of the material made by each catalyst as well as the overall ones under various process conditions. Given the reasonable assumption of large residence time, the solutions are simplified to elucidate the kinetics of chain‐shuttling involving two catalysts. It is shown that systems with low chain‐shuttling ability, if DPPn,0 ≠ DPQn,0, may exhibit significant deviation from Flory's most probable distribution. Furthermore, systems with high chain‐shuttling ability produce macromolecules with more uniform architecture and polydispersity index close to 2.
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Accuracy improvement of the most probable point‐based dimension reduction method using the hessian matrix
Authors: Kang Seong Bin , Park Jeong Woo , Lee Ikjin 
Published: October 2016

SummaryThis paper proposes a most probable point (MPP)‐based dimension reduction method (DRM) using the Hessian matrix called HeDRM to improve accuracy of reliability analysis in existing MPP‐based DRM methods. Conventional MPP‐based DRMs contain two types of errors: (1) error due to eliminating cross‐terms of a performance function by using the univariate DRM; (2) error because of dependency of an axis direction after a rotational transformation. The proposed method minimizes the aforementioned errors by utilizing the Hessian matrix of a performance function. By performing an orthogonal transformation using the eigenvectors of the Hessian matrix, the cross‐term effect of the performance function is minimized and the axis direction that results in the most accurate calculation is obtained because the Gaussian quadrature points for numerical integration are arranged along the eigenvector directions. In this way, the error incurred by exiting MPP‐based DRMs can be reduced that leads to more accurate probability of failure estimation. In addition, this paper proposes to allocate the Gaussian quadrature points using the magnitude of the eigenvalues of the Hessian matrix. This allocation makes it possible to predetermine the number of function evaluations required to estimate the probability of failure accurately and efficiently. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Increasing observation rates in low‐risk pediatric immune thrombocytopenia using a standardized clinical assessment and management plan (SCAMP®)
Authors: Schoettler Michelle L. , Graham Dionne , Tao Wen , Stack Margaret , Shu Elaine , Kerr Lauren , Neufeld Ellis J. , Grace Rachael F. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAn observational approach is recommended in newly diagnosed children with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) at low risk of bleeding; however, there is no standard definition of risk. A standardized clinical assessment and management plan (SCAMP®), a modifiable practice guideline, was implemented and revised (SCAMP‐1 and SCAMP‐2) and applied to 71 newly diagnosed patients with ITP. The Buchanan and Adix bleeding score guided treatment and was modified by stratifying by low‐ and high‐risk grade 3 bleeding in SCAMP‐2. Observation rates increased from 40% to 74% from SCAMP‐1 to SCAMP‐2 (P < 0.05) with no bleeding complications. We propose a modified bleeding score that increased observation rates in low‐risk patients with ITP.