bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Model answers: Rational application of murine models in arthritis research
Authors: Benson Robert A. , McInnes Iain B. , Garside Paul , Brewer James M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAdvances in targeted immune therapeutics have profoundly improved clinical outcomes for patients with inflammatory arthropathies particularly rheumatoid arthritis. The landscape of disease that is observed and the treatment outcomes desired for the future have also progressed. As such there is an increasing move away from traditional models of end‐stage, chronic disease with recognition of the need to consider the earliest phases of pathogenesis as a target for treatment leading to resolution and/or cure. In order to continue the discovery process and enhance our understanding of disease and treatment, we therefore need to continuously revisit the animal models we employ and assess their relevance and utility in the light of contemporary therapeutic goals. In this review, we highlight the areas where we consider new developments in animal models and their application are most required. Thus, we have contextualised the relevant mouse models and their use within the current concepts of human inflammatory arthritis pathogenesis and highlight areas of need.
Role of oxygen supply in α, ω‐dodecanedioic acid biosynthesis from n‐dodecane by Candida viswanathii ipe‐1: Effect of stirring speed and aeration
Authors: Cao Weifeng , Wang Yujue , Luo Jianquan , Yin Junxiang , Wan Yinhua 
Published: November 2017

Abstractα, ω‐Dodecanedioic acid (DC12) usually serves as a monomer of polyamides or some special nylons. During the biosynthesis, oxygenation cascaded in conversion of hydrophobic n‐dodecane to DC12, while the oxidation of n‐dodecane took place in the intracellular space. Therefore, it was important to investigate the role of oxygen supply on the cell growth and DC12 biosynthesis. It was found that stirring speed and aeration influenced the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration which in turn affected cell growth as well as DC12 biosynthesis. However, the effect of culture redox potential (Orp) level on DC12 biosynthesis was more significant than that of DO level. For DC12 biosynthesis, the first step was to form the emulsion droplets through the interaction of n‐dodecane and the cell. When the stirring speed was enhanced, slits in the surface layer of the emulsion droplets would be increased. Thus, the substances transportation by water through the slits would be intensified, leading to an enhanced DC12 production. Compared with the batch culture at a lower stirring speed (400 rpm) without culture redox potential (Orp) control, the DC12 concentration was increased by 5 times up to 201.3 g/L with Orp controlled above 0 mV at a higher stirring speed (800 rpm).
Combined influence of oxygenation and salinity on aggregation kinetics of the silver reference nanomaterial NM-300K
Authors: Devoille Laurent , Revel Messika , Batana Célia , Feltin Nicolas , Giambérini Laure , Châtel Amélie , Mouneyrac Catherine 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

The combined influence of oxygenation and salinity on agglomeration and/or aggregation kinetics of the silver (Ag) nanomaterial NM-300K was investigated, and the relationship between its physicochemical fate and toxicity toward an estuarine bivalve was established. The results showed that the presence of NaCl under certain oxygen conditions (8.5 ppm) promoted the formation of AgCl aggregates that could be linked to toxicity effects on aquatic organisms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1007–1013. © 2017 SETAC
Temperature of post‐flashover compartment fires—Calculations and validation
Authors: Byström Alexandra , Wickström Ulf 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis paper describes and validates by comparisons with tests a one‐zone model for computing temperature of fully developed compartment fires. Like other similar models, the model is based on an analysis of the energy and mass balance assuming combustion being limited by the availability of oxygen, ie, a ventilation‐controlled compartment fire. However, the mathematical solution techniques in this model have been altered. To this end, a maximum fire temperature has been defined depending on combustion efficiency and opening heights only. This temperature together with well‐defined fire compartment parameters was then used as a fictitious thermal boundary condition of the surrounding structure. The temperature of that structure could then be calculated with various numerical and analytical methods as a matter of choice, and the fire temperature could be identified as a weighted average between the maximum fire temperature and the calculated surface temperature of the surrounding structure as a function of time.It is demonstrated that the model can be used to predict fire temperatures in compartments with boundaries of semi‐infinitely thick structures as well as with boundaries of insulated and noninsulated steel sheets where the entire heat capacity of the surrounding structure is assumed to be concentrated to the steel core. With these assumptions, fire temperatures could be calculated with spreadsheet calculation methods. For more advanced problems, a general finite element solid temperature calculation code was used to calculate the temperature in the boundary structure. With this code, it is possible to analyze surrounding structures of various kinds, for example, structures comprising several materials with properties varying with temperature as well as voids.The validation experiments were accurately defined and surveyed. In all the tests, a propane diffusion burner was used as the only fire source. Temperatures were measured with thermocouples and plate thermometers at several positions.
Methods for backcasting, nowcasting and forecasting using factor‐MIDAS: With an application to Korean GDP
Authors: Kim Hyun Hak , Swanson Norman R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe utilize mixed‐frequency factor‐MIDAS models for the purpose of carrying out backcasting, nowcasting, and forecasting experiments using real‐time data. We also introduce a new real‐time Korean GDP dataset, which is the focus of our experiments. The methodology that we utilize involves first estimating common latent factors (i.e., diffusion indices) from 190 monthly macroeconomic and financial series using various estimation strategies. These factors are then included, along with standard variables measured at multiple different frequencies, in various factor‐MIDAS prediction models. Our key empirical findings as follows. (i) When using real‐time data, factor‐MIDAS prediction models outperform various linear benchmark models. Interestingly, the “MSFE‐best” MIDAS models contain no autoregressive (AR) lag terms when backcasting and nowcasting. AR terms only begin to play a role in “true” forecasting contexts. (ii) Models that utilize only one or two factors are “MSFE‐best” at all forecasting horizons, but not at any backcasting and nowcasting horizons. In these latter contexts, much more heavily parametrized models with many factors are preferred. (iii) Real‐time data are crucial for forecasting Korean gross domestic product, and the use of “first available” versus “most recent” data “strongly” affects model selection and performance. (iv) Recursively estimated models are almost always “MSFE‐best,” and models estimated using autoregressive interpolation dominate those estimated using other interpolation methods. (v) Factors estimated using recursive principal component estimation methods have more predictive content than those estimated using a variety of other (more sophisticated) approaches. This result is particularly prevalent for our “MSFE‐best” factor‐MIDAS models, across virtually all forecast horizons, estimation schemes, and data vintages that are analyzed.
Geochronology and geochemistry of early‐middle Silurian intrusive rocks in the Lanzhou–Baiyin regions, eastern part of Qilian Block, NW China: Source and tectonic implications
Authors: Li Xi‐Yao , Li San‐Zhong , Zhao Shu‐Juan , Somerville I.D. , Guo Xiao‐Yu , Yu Sheng‐Yao , Huang Zeng‐Bao , Cao Hua‐Hua , Huang Xing‐Fu 
Published: November 2017

The Qilian Block is one of many continental blocks involved in the early Paleozoic orogenesis of the Central China Orogen, which experienced complex interaction with adjacent blocks and orogens. In this study, we present zircon U–Pb–Hf isotopic, whole‐rock elemental, and Sr–Nd isotopic data of the early‐middle Silurian intrusive rocks in the Lanzhou–Baiyin regions, eastern part of the Qilian Block, to constrain their source and tectonic settings. The Houchangchuan granodiorite and Shichuan monzogranite were emplaced at ca. 437 Ma and ca. 428 Ma, respectively. These granitoids are peraluminous (A/CNK = 1.1–1.3), enriched in LREEs and LILEs (Rb, Th, U, Pb), depleted in HFSEs (Nb, Ta) with negative Eu and Sr anomalies, and have relatively high whole‐rock εNd(t), −4.3 to −2.1, and zircon εHf(t), −10.9 to 1.1, values. The Shichuan monzonite is characterized by intermediate SiO2, metaluminous (A/CNK = ~0.8), and high LREEs fractionation with LILEs (Th, U, Pb) enrichment and HFSEs (Nb, Ta) depletion. We suggest the Houchangchuan granodiorite and Shichuan monzogranite were derived from the metasedimentary (metapelitic) source, which could be the Mesoproterozoic basement of the Qilian Block, and the mantle‐derived materials injected into their source region. The Shichuan monzonite could have a mantle‐derived origin. Integrated with data from previous studies, the early‐middle Silurian (437–428 Ma) intrusive rocks in the eastern part of the Qilian Block were formed during the transition period from a syn‐collisional to postcollisional setting, relating to the collisional process after the consumption of North Qilian Ocean (Proto‐Tethys Ocean) in the northern margin of the Gondwana continent.
Functional antagonism of sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor 1 prevents cuprizone‐induced demyelination
Authors: Kim SunJa , Bielawski Jacek , Yang Hyunmin , Kong Yu , Zhou Beiyan , Li Jianrong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that the oral drug Fingolimod (FTY720) for relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) may act directly on the central nervous system (CNS) and modulate disease pathogenesis and progression in experimental models of MS. However, the specific subtype of sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) receptors that mediates the effect of FTY720 on the CNS cells has not been fully elucidated. Here, we report that S1P receptor 1 (S1PR1) is elevated in reactive astrocytes in an autoimmunity independent mouse model of MS and that selective S1PR1 modulation is sufficient to ameliorate the loss of oligodendrocytes and demyelination. The non‐selective S1PR modulator, FTY720, or a short‐lived S1PR1‐specific modulator, CYM5442, was administered daily to mice while on cuprizone diet. Both FTY720‐ and CYM5422‐treated mice displayed a significant reduction in oligodendrocyte apoptosis and astrocyte and microglial activation in comparison to vehicle‐treated groups, which was associated with decreased production of proinflammatory mediators and down‐regulation of astrocytic S1PR1 protein. Interestingly, S1PR1 modulation during the early phase of cuprizone intoxication was required to suppress oligodendrocyte death and consequent demyelination as drug treatment from 10 days after the initiation of cuprizone feeding was no longer effective. CYM5442 treatment during the brief cuprizone exposure significantly prevented Il‐1β, Il‐6, Cxcl10, and Cxcl3 induction, resulting in suppression of subsequent reactive gliosis and demyelination. Our study identifies functional antagonism of S1PR1 as a major mechanism for the protective effect of FTY720 in the cuprizone model and suggests pathogenic contributions of astrocyte S1PR1 signaling in primary demyelination and its potential as a therapeutic target for CNS inflammation.
The association amongst visual, hearing, and dual sensory loss with depression and anxiety over 6 years: The Tromsø Study
Authors: Cosh S. , von Hanno T. , Helmer C. , Bertelsen G. , Delcourt C. , Schirmer H. ,   the SENSE‐Cog Group
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveTo examine the longitudinal association of dual and single (vision and hearing) sensory loss on symptoms of depression and anxiety in older adults.MethodsTwo thousand eight hundred ninety adults aged 60 years or over who participated in the longitudinal population‐based Tromsø Study, Norway, were included. The impact of objective vision loss, self‐report hearing loss, or dual sensory loss on symptoms of depression and anxiety, as assessed by the Hopkins Symptom Checklist 10, was examined at baseline and 6‐year follow‐up using linear mixed models.ResultsHearing loss had a cross‐sectional relationship with increased depression (b = 0.1750, SE = 0.07, P = .02) and anxiety symptoms (b = 0.1765, SE = 0.08, P = .03); however, these relationships were not significant at the 6‐year follow‐up. Both vision loss only and dual sensory loss predicted increased depression scores at follow‐up (b = 0.0220, SE = 0.01, P = .03; and b = 0.0413, SE = 0.02, P = .01, respectively). Adjustment for social isolation did not attenuate the main depression results.ConclusionDual sensory loss resulted in increased depression symptomatology over time and posed an additional long‐term risk to depression severity beyond having a single sensory loss only. Only hearing loss is associated with anxiety symptoms. Older adults with vision, hearing, and dual sensory loss have different mental health profiles. Therefore, management and intervention should be tailored to the type of sensory loss.
Network dynamics engaged in the modulation of motor behavior in stroke patients
Authors: Pool Eva‐Maria , Leimbach Martha , Binder Ellen , Nettekoven Charlotte , Eickhoff Simon B. , Fink Gereon R. , Grefkes Christian 
Published: November 2017

AbstractStroke patients with motor deficits typically feature enhanced neural activity in several cortical areas when moving their affected hand. However, also healthy subjects may show higher levels of neural activity in tasks with higher motor demands. Therefore, the question arises to what extent stroke‐related overactivity reflects performance‐level‐associated recruitment of neural resources rather than stroke‐induced neural reorganization. We here investigated which areas in the lesioned brain enable the flexible adaption to varying motor demands compared to healthy subjects. Accordingly, eleven well‐recovered left‐hemispheric chronic stroke patients were scanned using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Motor system activity was assessed for fist closures at increasing movement frequencies performed with the affected/right or unaffected/left hand. In patients, an increasing movement rate of the affected hand was associated with stronger neural activity in ipsilesional/left primary motor cortex (M1) but unlike in healthy controls also in contralesional/right dorsolateral premotor cortex (PMd) and contralesional/right superior parietal lobule (SPL). Connectivity analyses using dynamic causal modeling revealed stronger coupling of right SPL onto affected/left M1 in patients but not in controls when moving the affected/right hand independent of the movement speed. Furthermore, coupling of right SPL was positively coupled with the “active” ipsilesional/left M1 when stroke patients moved their affected/right hand with increasing movement frequency. In summary, these findings are compatible with a supportive role of right SPL with respect to motor function of the paretic hand in the reorganized brain.
Clinical pharmacokinetics of oral drugs in the treatment of multiple myeloma
Authors: Morival Camille , Oumari Sitty , Lenglet Arthur , Le Corre Pascal 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTreatment of myeloma is a long‐term treatment mainly based on all‐oral combinations of drugs. Because oral drugs have a more complex pharmacokinetics compared with IV treatments, an appropriate knowledge of the factors that may alter their systemic exposure is of particular clinical relevance. Both drug‐drug interactions, food‐effect, and dose‐adaptation in renal and hepatic impairment may influence the systemic drug levels with a potential impact on drug efficacy or safety. Moreover, a better control of drug exposure may improve the side effect profiles of these treatments with a favourable impact on patient compliance. Furthermore, as long‐term treatments, these drugs may also alter the systemic exposure of coadministered medications in these rather old patients. The aim of this review was to identify the factors modifying the systemic exposure of oral drugs used in myeloma by focusing on the pharmacokinetic drug‐drug interactions and the effects of renal and hepatic impairment and of food impact.
Posttraumatic growth in a heterogeneous sample of traumatically injured patients 1 year postinjury
Authors: Roden‐Foreman Kenleigh , Robinson Richard , Bennett Monica , Roaten Kimberly , Petrey Laura , Powers Mark B. , Warren Ann Marie 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectivePosttraumatic growth (PTG) describes positive change resulting from challenging life events. The current study examined factors associated with PTG in traumatically injured patients 1 year postinjury.MethodParticipants (N = 221) in this prospective cohort study included adults admitted to a Level I trauma center. Over half the participants (60%) were male, with a mean age of 47. Participants completed baseline measures during hospitalization. PTG was assessed at 12‐month follow‐up.ResultsGreater PTG was associated with minority race/ethnicity, lower income, automotive collision, and premorbid psychological disorder other than depression or posttraumatic stress (PTS). These variables are also known to predict PTS in trauma patients. Analysis confirmed that greater PTS at follow‐up was associated with more growth.ConclusionParticipants with the most growth also experienced the most distress. This finding demonstrates the importance of implementing psychological screening and intervention for trauma patients in the acute care setting to reduce PTS and facilitate growth.
Thermodynamic affinity‐based considerations for the rational selection of biphasic systems for microbial flavor and fragrance production
Authors: Priebe Xenia , Daugulis Andrew J 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDFlavor and fragrance (F&F) compounds are increasingly produced by biotechnological instead of chemical means, as this allows them to be labeled natural additives. However, since most F&F compounds exhibit cytotoxicity towards common microbiological production hosts, in situ product removal strategies using two‐phase partitioning bioreactors are desirable, making the rational selection of effective non‐aqueous phases a crucial step. Here, thermodynamic first‐principles methods and the experimental determination of partition coefficients were used to differentiate between sequestering phases with high and low thermodynamic affinity towards 17 important F&F compounds.RESULTSThe approach was highly successful, enabling identification of outstanding extractants for several F&F compounds. Moreover, it was shown that certain solvent classes (e.g. long‐chained alcohols and a variety of esters) function as efficient sequestering phases across all classes of target F&F compounds, whereas other solvent types (such as alkanes), and the liquid polymer silicone oil exhibit poor partitioning behavior. Finally, the tested absorptive solid polymers generally did not constitute effective sequestering phases for the target compounds, due to high fractions of hard/crystalline segments, however, this suggests that designing polymers with a higher proportion of soft segment could lead to enhanced sorptive capacity.CONCLUSIONSThis study is the first in the current literature to systematically analyze sequestering phase choices for important F&F compounds and can serve as a guide for researchers working on biphasic microbial F&F production. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
How field office leaders drive learning and creativity in humanitarian aid: Exploring the role of boundary‐spanning leadership for expatriate and local aid worker collaboration
Authors: Salem Mojtaba , Van Quaquebeke Niels , Besiou Maria 
Published: November 2017

SummaryMany humanitarian aid workers receive training prior to being dispatched into the field, but they often encounter challenges that require additional learning and creativity. Consequently, aid organizations formally support collaboration among the expatriate and local workers in a field office. At best, those aid workers would not only exploit their joint knowledge but also explore novel ways of managing the challenges at hand. Yet differences between expatriate and local groups (e.g., in ethnicity, religion, education, and salary) often thwart intergroup collaboration in field offices and, by extension, any joint learning or creativity. In response to this issue, we study the role of field office leaders—specifically, how their boundary‐spanning behavior may inspire collaboration between the two groups and therefore facilitate joint learning and creativity. We propose that a leader's in‐group prototypicality additionally catalyzes this process—that is, a leader's behavior has more impact if s/he is seen as representing his/her group. We tested and found support for our hypothesized moderated mediation model in a field sample of 137 aid workers from 59 humanitarian organizations. Thus, our study generally highlights the pivotal role that field office leaders play for crucial outcomes in humanitarian aid operations. Furthermore, we offer concrete steps for field office leaders who want to inspire better collaboration between the expatriate and local aid workers they lead.
The climate of the European region during the 20th and 21st centuries according to Feddema
Authors: Skarbit Nóra , Ács Ferenc , Breuer Hajnalka 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTThe climate of the European region during 20th and 21st centuries in terms of Feddema's (2005) annual and seasonal climate characteristics is analysed. Observed data for the 20th century are taken from the CRU TS 1.2 data set. The projected data for the 21st century are obtained using simulation results of nine regional climate models run in the scope of the ENSEMBLES project. In the analysis, the European region is arbitrarily divided into three sub‐regions: the northern (72°–55°N), middle (55°–42°N) and southern (42°–35°N) zones. We focused on the analysis of the relationships between Feddema's climatic characteristics and the main geographical constraints (latitude, longitude, relief and land‐locked waterbodies). It is shown that Feddema's climatic maps agree well with the expected effects of the main geographical controls. Climate type/geographical control dependence is very strong in the upland coastal regions of the Atlantic Ocean, that is, in the Norwegian Alps, the Scottish Highlands and the Galician Massif Mountains. A characteristic seasonal‐type change can be observed in these regions: The seasonality of P changes through the seasonality of both P and T into the seasonality of T. This behaviour is registered by all model simulations in both the 20th and 21st centuries. The Atlantic Ocean–relief–longitude interplay effect on Feddema's climate types can be observed in all three zones. The uplands in Europe determine climate on the local scale. This upland effect is stronger when it is combined with the effect of extensive land‐locked water bodies. This relationship is obtained by all model simulations in both the 20th and 21st centuries. Lastly, the area heterogeneity of the European region's climate is well reproduced. The observations and the modelling tools show that the climate became and will become warmer and dryer during the course of the 20th and 21st centuries.