bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategic siting and regional grid interconnections key to low-carbon futures in African countries
Authors: Wu Grace C. , Deshmukh Ranjit , Ndhlukula Kudakwashe , Radojicic Tijana , Reilly-Moman Jessica , Phadke Amol , Kammen Daniel M. , Callaway Duncan S. 
Published: March 2017

Significance
This study identifies, characterizes, and values wind and solar electricity resources for 21 countries in the Eastern and Southern Africa Power Pools. We find that many countries possess potential many times their projected demand. However, because the most competitive wind and solar resources are spatially uneven, international transmission could allow the region as a whole to benefit from “no-regrets” or low-cost, low-impact, and highly accessible resources. International energy trade also lowers system costs by reducing the need for conventional power plants and allows lower impact, more accessible renewable energy sites to be cost competitive. Regional interconnections planned around strategic siting opportunities are crucial for realizing no-regrets wind and solar energy development that can be competitive with conventional generation in African countries.
Symplastic communication spatially directs local auxin biosynthesis to maintain root stem cell niche in
Arabidopsis
Authors: Liu Yuting , Xu Meizhi , Liang Nengsong , Zheng Yanghang , Yu Qiaozhi , Wu Shuang 
Published: March 2017

Significance
The whole-cell file lineages of plant roots are derived from a small group of initials that surround a functional and structural center, called the quiescent center (QC). It’s known that the QC maintains the directly abutting stem cells undifferentiated, but the mechanism for the maintenance is not entirely clear. Using a system that effectively blocks plasmodesmata in the QC, we show that QC-derived signals symplastically instruct the status of surrounding stem cells. Via directing local auxin biosynthesis, cell-to-cell communication between the QC and neighboring cells provides positional information for stem cell maintenance. Our results reveal a tight link between symplastic communication and auxin-dependent stem cell maintenance.
High-numerical-aperture cryogenic light microscopy for increased precision of superresolution reconstructions
Authors: Nahmani Marc , Lanahan Conor , DeRosier David , Turrigiano Gina G. 
Published: March 2017

Significance
The precision of localization-based superresolution microscopy techniques fundamentally relies on the point-spread function of the optical system and the number of photons one can collect. Here, we report that by using a high-numerical-aperture objective lens and a custom cryogenic stage, we are able to increase photon yield by 2–3-fold over room temperature, thereby achieving more precise superresolution reconstructions of complex subcellular structures.
Splicing variation of Long-IRBIT determines the target selectivity of IRBIT family proteins
Authors: Kawaai Katsuhiro , Ando Hideaki , Satoh Nobuhiko , Yamada Hideomi , Ogawa Naoko , Hirose Matsumi , Mizutani Akihiro , Bonneau Benjamin , Seki George , Mikoshiba Katsuhiko 
Published: March 2017

Significance
IRBIT (inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor binding protein released with inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate) contributes to calcium signaling, electrolyte transport, mRNA processing, genomic integrity, and catecholamine homeostasis through its interaction with multiple targets. However, how IRBIT selectively binds and regulates appropriate target molecules in a certain condition is poorly understood. In this study, we found that N-terminal variation of Long-IRBIT by splicing affected protein stability and target selectivity. In addition, IRBIT and Long-IRBIT splice variants formed homo- and heteromultimers. N-terminal variation of IRBIT family members mediates the regulation of multiple signaling pathways.
Deficiency of transcription factor RelB perturbs myeloid and DC development by hematopoietic-extrinsic mechanisms
Authors: Briseño Carlos G. , Gargaro Marco , Durai Vivek , Davidson Jesse T. , Theisen Derek J. , Anderson David A. , Novack Deborah V. , Murphy Theresa L. , Murphy Kenneth M. 
Published: March 2017

SignificanceThe transcription factor RelB has been thought to be required for dendritic cell (DC) development, although analysis of radiation bone marrow chimeras has raised some questions regarding this issue that have never been resolved. We have reevaluated the role of RelB in DC and myeloid development. We found that DC development was independent of a cell-intrinsic action of RelB in most tissues and that only the terminal maturation of Notch2-dependent splenic cDC2 cells was partially reduced in the absence of cell-intrinsic RelB expression. Moreover, the profound myeloid expansion seen inRelb−/−mice was due to an unrecognized action of RelB in nonhematopoietic cells, indicating that RelB is a critical component of the niche regulating the normal myeloid compartment.
Entropy redistribution controls allostery in a metalloregulatory protein
Authors: Capdevila Daiana A. , Braymer Joseph J. , Edmonds Katherine A. , Wu Hongwei , Giedroc David P. 
Published: March 2017

Significance
The immune system limits nutrient availability and releases highly reactive toxic molecules to control bacterial infections. Successful pathogens resist these host effects by using regulatory proteins that “sense” diverse environmental stressors and alter the transcription of genes required to mount an adaptive response. We demonstrate here that these regulatory proteins are capable of sensing a specific stressor in a process that relies nearly exclusively on a redistribution of atomic motions to regulate gene transcription. This work provides insights into how nature exploits a simple molecular scaffold that relies on changes in atomic motions to evolve new adaptive responses to a wide range of environmental stimuli.
Ancient palace complex (300–100 BC) discovered in the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Redmond Elsa M. , Spencer Charles S. 
Published: March 2017

Significance
The emergence of the earliest states is a major research problem in anthropology. A key archaeological manifestation of states is the royal palace. Excavations at the site of El Palenque have recovered the oldest-known palace in the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico. The palace displays similarities to the royal palaces of historically documented Mesoamerican states. It was a multifunctional palace, composed of courts and buildings where government officials assembled to conduct state affairs, as well as the ruler's residential quarters. We propose that the palace complex was built in a single large-scale construction effort. A series of radiocarbon dates indicates that the El Palenque palace complex was in use during the 300–100 BC period of archaic state emergence in Oaxaca.
Transfer of pathogenic and nonpathogenic cytosolic proteins between spinal cord motor neurons in vivo in chimeric mice
Authors: Thomas Eleanor V. , Fenton Wayne A. , McGrath James , Horwich Arthur L. 
Published: March 2017

Significance
This report contains observations of transfer of both pathogenic and nonpathogenic cytosolic proteins between spinal cord motor neurons in intact (noninjected) mice that are genetic chimeras formed by aggregating eight-cell embryos of two strains with different fluorescently marked proteins. Transfer was also observed in cranial nerve motor nuclei known to be affected in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis but not in extraocular cranial nerve nuclei that are spared in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Transfer from motor neurons to neighboring mature gray matter oligodendrocytes implicates oligodendrocytes as the potential mediator of protein transfer.
Mandatory Change From Surgical Skull Caps to Bouffant Caps Among Operating Room Personnel Does Not Reduce Surgical Site Infections in Class I Surgical Cases: A Single-Center Experience With More Than 15 000 Patients
Authors: Shallwani Hussain , Shakir Hakeem J , Aldridge Ashley M , Donovan Maureen T , Levy Elad I , Gibbons Kevin J 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Surgical site infections (SSIs) are noteworthy and costly complications. New recommendations from a national organization have urged the elimination of traditional surgeon's caps (surgical skull caps) and mandated the use of bouffant caps to prevent SSIs.

OBJECTIVE
To report SSI rates for >15 000 class I (clean) surgical procedures 13 mo before and 13 mo after surgical skull caps were banned at a single site with 25 operating rooms.

METHODS
SSI data were acquired from hospital infection control monthly summary reports from January 2014 to March 2016. Based on a change in hospital policy mandating obligatory use of bouffant caps since February 2015, data were categorized into nonbouffant and bouffant groups. Monthly and cumulative infection rates for 13 mo before (7513 patients) and 13 mo after (8446 patients) the policy implementation were collected and analyzed for the groups, respectively.

RESULTS
An overall increase of 0.07% (0.77%-0.84%) in the cumulative rate of SSI in all class I operating room cases and of 0.03% (0.79%-0.82%) in the cumulative rate of SSI in all spinal procedures was noted. However, neither increase reached statistical significance (P > .05). The cumulative rate of SSI in neurosurgery craniotomy/craniectomy cases decreased from 0.95% to 0.75%; this was also not statistically significant (P = 1.00).

CONCLUSION
National efforts at improving healthcare performance are laudable but need to be evidence based. Guidelines, especially when applied in a mandatory fashion, should be assessed for effectiveness. In this large, single-center series of patients undergoing class I surgical procedures, elimination of the traditional surgeon's cap did not reduce infection rates.
Acupuncture for menopausal hot flashes: clinical evidence update and its relevance to decision making
Authors: Ee Carolyn , French Simon D. , Xue Charlie C. , Pirotta Marie , Teede Helena 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Objective:
There is conflicting evidence on the efficacy and effectiveness of acupuncture for menopausal hot flashes. This article synthesizes the best available evidence for when women are considering whether acupuncture might be useful for menopausal hot flashes.

Methods:
We searched electronic databases to identify randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews of acupuncture for menopausal hot flushes.

Results:
The overall evidence demonstrates that acupuncture is effective when compared with no treatment, but not efficacious compared with sham. Methodological challenges such as the complex nature of acupuncture treatment, the physiological effects from sham, and the significant efficacy of placebo therapy generally in treating hot flashes all impact on these considerations.

Conclusions:
Acupuncture improves menopausal hot flashes compared with no treatment; however, not compared with sham acupuncture. This is also consistent with the evidence that a range of placebo interventions improve menopausal symptoms. As clinicians play a vital role in assisting evidence-informed decisions, we need to ensure women understand the evidence and can integrate it with personal preferences. Some women may choose acupuncture for hot flashes, a potentially disabling condition without long-term adverse health consequences. Yet, women should do so understanding the evidence, and its strengths and weaknesses, around both effective medical therapies and acupuncture. Likewise, cost to the individual and the health system needs to be considered in the context of value-based health care.
Programmed Death-1 Pathway in Orbital Invasion of Cutaneous Carcinomas
Authors: Wladis Edward J. , Lee Joshua A. , Carlson J. Andrew , Martino Nina , Adam Alejandro P. 
Published: March 2017

Purpose:
The programmed death-1 pathway negatively regulates the immune system. Previous reports have indicated worse tumor-related outcomes with increased expression of the ligand for this pathway. This study was undertaken to assess the role of the PD pathway in cutaneous malignancies that invade the orbit.

Methods:
Immunohistochemical staining for the programmed death-1 receptor and ligand was performed on exenteration specimens of invasive cutaneous orbital malignancies (n = 12) and nodular basal cell carcinoma (n = 10). The numbers of positively-staining cells/40× field were counted across 5 consecutive fields, and statistical analyses were performed to compare the differences between the 2 groups.

Results:
Programmed death-1 receptor positivity was seen in means of 30.9 cells/40× field and 62.4 cells/40× field for nodular basal cell carcinomas and invasive malignancies, respectively (p = 0.0046). A mean of 4.54 cells/40× field stained positively for the programmed death-1 ligand in nodular basal cell carcinoma, whereas a mean of 46.4 cells/40× field stained positively for programmed cell death ligand-1 in orbital invasive cutaneous carcinomas (p = 0.0015). Both of these differences were statistically significant.

Conclusions:
Both the programmed death-1 receptor and its ligand are enriched in invasive cutaneous malignancies. This finding indicates that negative regulation of the immune system likely prohibits tumor surveillance, and facilitates increasing aggressiveness and invasion of cutaneous malignancies.
Enhanced Fasanella–Servat Procedure for the Graded Repair of Blepharoptosis
Authors: North Victoria S. , Campbell Ashley A. , Callahan Alison B. , Wilcsek Geoff , Kazim Michael 
Published: March 2017

Purpose:
To describe in detail a technique for a modified Fasanella–Servat procedure that provides a simplified method for graded Mueller muscle excision with minimal and controlled tarsal excision.

Methods:
A retrospective study of 71 patients (102 eyelids) who underwent the modified Fasanella–Servat procedure is reported. Measurements include the preoperative, post-phenylephrine, and postoperative margin-to-reflex distance-1, and postoperative upper eyelid height symmetry as determined by the absolute difference between right- and left-sided margin-to-reflex distance-1. Postoperative complications are reported.

Results:
The average increase in margin-to-reflex distance-1 was 2.4 mm with an average postoperative upper eyelid height symmetry of 0.4 mm. Postoperative asymmetry was 1.5 mm or less in 68 patients, a success rate of 96%. Four patients (6%) exhibited overcorrection, 2 of which required additional surgery. No lagophthalmos or notable eyelid contour abnormalities were seen.

Conclusions:
The modified Fasanella–Servat technique offers a simple method to isolate and resect Mueller muscle and a minimal segment of tarsus in a quantitative fashion, allowing for a graded repair of blepharoptosis and thereby decreasing the risk of postoperative overcorrection, lagophthalmos, and eyelid contour asymmetry whilst preserving the bulk of tarsus.
Primary Budd‐Chiari Syndrome in Children
Authors: Nobre Susana , Khanna Rajeev , Bab Natalie , Kyrana Eirini , Height Sue , Karani John , Kane Pauline , Heaton Nigel , Dhawan Anil 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTPrimary Budd‐Chiari syndrome is a rare cause of liver disease in children in the western world. Here we present a retrospective review of children with Primary Budd‐Chiari syndrome presenting from January 2001 to November 2015 to our hospital. Seven children were identified. Their presentation was mostly chronic. All had predisposing factors for thrombosis and were started on anticoagulation. Radiological interventions (2 transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts and 1 hepatic vein stenting), liver transplant and mesocaval shunt were done in 3, 2, and 1 patients, respectively; 1 child underwent bone marrow transplantation following transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts and 1 child was managed only medically. After liver transplantation, one child died 3 years later as a result of subarachnoid haemorrhage, whereas others remain well at a median follow‐up of 6 years. Despite high morbidity, the disease can have a good long‐term outcome with a multidisciplinary approach.
Helping Alliance and Unmet Needs in Routine Care of People With Severe Mental Illness Across Europe
Authors: Arnold Katrin , Loos Sabine , Mayer Benjamin , Clarke Eleanor , Slade Mike , Fiorillo Andrea , Del Vecchio Valeria , Égerházi Anikó , Ivánka Tibor , Munk-Jørgensen Pøvl , Krogsgaard Bording Malene , Kawohl Wolfram , Rössler Wulf , Puschner Bernd 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The helping alliance (HA) refers to the collaborative bond between patient and therapist, including shared goals and tasks. People with severe mental illness have a complex mixture of clinical and social needs. Using mixed-effects regression, this study examined in 588 people with severe mental illness whether an increase in the HA is associated with fewer unmet needs over time, and whether change in the HA precedes change in unmet needs. It was found that a reduction in unmet needs was slower in patients with higher HA (B = 0.04, p < 0.0001) only for patient-rated measures. Improvement in both patient-rated and staff-rated HA over time was associated with fewer subsequent patient-rated (B = −0.10, p < 0.0001) and staff-rated (B = −0.08, p = 0.0175) unmet needs. With positive changes in the HA preceding fewer unmet needs, findings provide further evidence for a causal relationship between alliance and outcome in the treatment of people with severe mental illness.
Previous Emergency Medical Services Use by Victims of Child Homicide
Authors: Shenoi Rohit P. , Nassif Anriada , Camp Elizabeth A. , Pereira Faria A. 
Published: March 2017

IntroductionThe medical diagnoses and frequency of emergency department visits made by children who are later given a diagnosis of maltreatment do not differ much from those of nonabused children. However, the type of medical complaints and frequency of emergency medical services (EMS) use by child homicide victims before their death are not known. We compared EMS use between child homicide victims and children who died from natural causes before their death.MethodsThis was a retrospective case-control study of children 0 to 5 years old who died in Houston, Texas, from 2005 to 2010. Cases were child homicide victims. Controls were children who died from natural causes. We reviewed death data and EMS and child protective services (CPS) encounter information before the victim's death. The association between death type (natural vs homicide) and EMS use was assessed using Poisson regression with EMS count adjusted for exposure time.ResultsThere were 89 child homicides and 183 natural deaths. Age at death was significantly higher for homicides than natural deaths (1.1 vs 0.2 y,P< 0.001). Homicide victims used EMS services (39% vs 14%,P< 0.001) and had previous CPS investigations (55% vs 7%,P< 0.001) significantly more often than children who died from natural causes. Poisson regression, after adjustment for age, revealed that the homicide group had more EMS calls than the natural death group (β = 0.55; 95% confidence interval, 0.04–1.07;P= 0.03). However, the EMS use frequency and working assessments were not helpful in identifying maltreatment victims.ConclusionsChild homicide victims use EMS more often and have a higher number of CPS investigations before their death than children who die from natural causes. However, the frequency and nature of EMS medical complaints are not helpful in identifying maltreatment.
Raised in Darkness
Authors: Ho Cynthia H. , Zargarpour Jasmine , Evans Michèle 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Child neglect is the most common form of child maltreatment and accounts for 60% of all cases reported to child protective services. Whereas physical and emotional neglect account for a quarter of the reported cases of child neglect, educational neglect accounts for half of the cases. We describe a 7-month-old infant with several manifestations of physical and emotional neglect including excessive quietness, failure to thrive, global developmental delay, and a gastric lactobezoar. In addition, our patient had a fine, lateral nystagmus likely due to being kept in the dark for long periods. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of acquired nystagmus due to visual deprivation from child neglect.
A Rare Case of Cor Triatriatum Leading to Respiratory Failure and Shock in an 8-Month-Old Boy
Authors: Burger Catherine 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
An 8-month-old boy presents with 1 week of gradually worsening respiratory distress. After chest radiograph shows bilateral airspace opacities, he is treated for pneumonia with antibiotics and intravenous fluids. Shortly after this, he decompensates requiring intubation, followed by cardiopulmonary support with pressors and eventually extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Bedside ultrasound then shows an additional congenital membrane in the left atrium obstructing pulmonary venous return and thought to have caused his original presentation and subsequent decompensation. After surgical correction, he is decannulated from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, makes a quick recovery, and is discharged from the hospital in good condition within 2 weeks. This rare case of cor triatriatum highlights the importance of considering congenital heart disease even with common presentations in the pediatric population.
Deciphering tissue morphodynamics using bioimage informatics
Authors: Dufour Alexandre C. , Jonker Anneliene H. , Olivo-Marin Jean-Christophe 
Published: March 2017

In recent years developmental biology has greatly benefited from the latest advances in fluorescence microscopy techniques. Consequently, quantitative and automated analysis of this data is becoming a vital first step in the quest for novel insights into the various aspects of development. Here we present an introductory overview of the various image analysis methods proposed for developmental biology images, with particular attention to openly available software packages. These tools, as well as others to come, are rapidly paving the way towards standardized and reproducible bioimaging studies at the whole-tissue level. Reflecting on these achievements, we discuss the remaining challenges and the future endeavours lying ahead in the post–image analysis era.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Systems morphodynamics: understanding the development of tissue hardware’.
Mechanical design in embryos: mechanical signalling, robustness and developmental defects
Authors: Davidson Lance A. 
Published: March 2017

Embryos are shaped by the precise application of force against the resistant structures of multicellular tissues. Forces may be generated, guided and resisted by cells, extracellular matrix, interstitial fluids, and how they are organized and bound within the tissue's architecture. In this review, we summarize our current thoughts on the multiple roles of mechanics in direct shaping, mechanical signalling and robustness of development. Genetic programmes of development interact with environmental cues to direct the composition of the early embryo and endow cells with active force production. Biophysical advances now provide experimental tools to measure mechanical resistance and collective forces during morphogenesis and are allowing integration of this field with studies of signalling and patterning during development. We focus this review on concepts that highlight this integration, and how the unique contributions of mechanical cues and gradients might be tested side by side with conventional signalling systems. We conclude with speculation on the integration of large-scale programmes of development, and how mechanical responses may ensure robust development and serve as constraints on programmes of tissue self-assembly.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Systems morphodynamics: understanding the development of tissue hardware’.