bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is the reasonable option for elderly patients with incidental pancreatic cystic neoplasms? Follow‐up observation versus surgical resection
Authors: Kim Hyo Jung , Kim Jae Seon , Lee Jae Min , Joo Moon Kyung , Lee Beom Jae , Kim Ji Hoon , Yeon Jong Eun , Park Jong‐Jae , Lee Hong Sik , Byun Kwan Soo , Kim Chang Duck , Bak Young‐Tae 
Published: January 2016

AimsPancreatic cystic neoplasms (PCN) with malignant potential are thought to be less aggressive than ordinary ductal adenocarcinoma, even in the setting of malignant transformation. Therefore, deciding whether or not to carry out surgery is very difficult, especially in elderly and asymptomatic patients, because of the high risk of perioperative morbidities. The aim of the present study was to examine clinical outcomes of PCN patients aged 65 years or older.MethodsThis retrospective analysis included patients with incidentally detected PCN with follow‐up durations >1 year. Patients diagnosed with obvious simple cysts, pseudocysts or pancreatic cancer and patients with a history of pancreatic disease were excluded from the study.ResultsThe present study included 201 patients (older group 104 patients ≥65 years; younger group 97 patients <65 years). Surgical resections were carried out for 27 patients in the older group and 41 patients in the younger group. There were 133 patients who were followed up without surgery (mean follow‐up duration 41 months). Postoperative morbidity occurred in 22.2% of the patients in the older group and 21.9% of the patients in the younger group. Malignancy occurred in one patient in the older group and in two patients in the younger group. The PCN diameter increased in 20 patients during follow up: 16.9% of the older group and 12.5% of the younger group.ConclusionsThe malignancy rate was very low in incidental PCN patients irrespective of age. Follow‐up observation without surgery appears to be a safe option in older patients with morbidity. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 256–261.
Perimenopause and Menopause Are Associated With High Frequency Headache in Women With Migraine: Results of the American Migraine Prevalence and Prevention Study
Authors: Martin Vincent T. , Pavlovic Jelena , Fanning Kristina M. , Buse Dawn C. , Reed Michael L. , Lipton Richard B. 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesTo examine the relationship of headache frequency to the stages of the menopausal transition in mid‐life women with migraine.BackgroundPast studies suggest that the perimenopause is associated with an increased prevalence of migraine, particularly in those with a history of premenstrual syndrome. The effect of the menopausal transition on the frequency of headache attacks in women with migraine has not been explored.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional observational study. Using data from the 2006 American Migraine, Prevalence and Prevention study survey, women meeting modified ICHD‐3 beta criteria for migraine between the ages of 35–65 years were included in analyses. Women who had never menstruated or were pregnant, breastfeeding, or using exogenous sex hormones were excluded. The 2006 survey was selected because it included detailed questions on the menstrual cycle. The stages of the menopausal transition were defined based upon the self‐reported cycle length and/or duration of amenorrhea. The primary outcome, high vs low headache frequency, was defined using a cut score of ≥10 headache days per month. Binary logistic regression models were used to assess the influence of menopausal stage on headache frequency category using premenopause as the reference group. Adjustments for stage of menopausal transition and sociodemographics (eg, age and income) were included in the first model, while the second model included sociodemographics, depression, body mass index, preventative medications, and medication overuse.ResultsThe study sample included 3664 women at a mean age of 46 years. Among women who were premenopausal, 8.0% (99/1242) were in the high frequency headache group in comparison with 12.2% (154/1266) of perimenopausal and 12.0% (131/1095) of postmenopausal women. Compared with premenopausal women, the adjusted odds of being in the high frequency headache group was 1.62 (95% CI = 1.23, 2.12) for perimenopausal and 1.76 (95% CI = 1.23, 2.52) for postmenopausal women (Model 1). In model 2, high frequency headache was only increased in perimenopausal women with an OR of 1.42 (95% CI = 1.03, 1.94).ConclusionsThe risk of high frequency headache is increased in women during the perimenopause compared to premenopause in the fully adjusted model. The fact that the increased risk of high frequency headache was not statistically significant for menopause in the fully adjusted models suggests that different mechanisms might account for the increased risk for this stage of the menopausal transition. Recognition of the increased risk of high frequency headache during the menopausal transition suggests a need for optimized preventive treatment of migraine during this time of women's life.
Clinical relevance of cyclooxygenase 2 and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ in eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma
Authors: Jayaraj Perumal , Sen Seema , Bhattacharya Tanaya , Arora Juhi , Yadav Sameeksha , Chhoker Varsha , Kumar Abhishek , Dhanaraj Pakitapillil S , Yadavilli Kameshwar S. , Verma Mansi 
Published: January 2016

AimsSebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC) is a malignancy associated with the pilosebaceous unit, and occurs at ocular or non‐ocular sites. Cyclooxygenases (COXs) are enzymes that are crucial for lipid metabolism. COX‐2 is overexpressed in various cancers, and its inhibition by non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs is known to reduce the risk of many cancers. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)‐γ is a transcription factor involved in adipogenesis. PPAR‐γ is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of malignant tumours, including colon carcinoma. The aim of this study was to explore the status of COX‐2 and PPAR‐γ as prognostic markers in human eyelid SGC.Methods and resultsThe immunohistochemical expression of COX‐2 and PPAR‐γ was evaluated in 31 SGC cases. Cytoplasmic expression of COX‐2 was detected in 80% of the SGC cases, and nuclear expression of PPAR‐γ in 87%. There were significant correlations of PPAR‐γ expression with well‐differentiated SGC [19/21 (90%)] and of COX‐2 overexpression with reduced disease‐free survival (P = 0.0441, log rank analysis). COX‐2 expression [odds ratio (OR) 3.82, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–14.33, P = 0.046] and lymph node metastasis (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.04–0.65, P = 0.009) emerged as significant risk factors in the univariate analysis. However, COX‐2 expression did not emerge as a significant independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis.ConclusionsCOX‐2 is a potential marker for identifying high‐risk SGC patients. Expression of PPAR‐γ in eyelid SGC cases reflects terminal sebaceous differentiation. Inhibitors of COX‐2 signalling and PPAR‐γ agonists are both prospective novel therapeutic targets in the management of eyelid SGC patients.
Positive selection and high sensitivity test for MYD88 mutations using locked nucleic acid
Authors: Albitar A. , Ma W. , DeDios I. , Estella J. , Agersborg S. , Albitar M. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryIntroductionDetection of mutations in the myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MYD88) has clinical implications on diagnosis and therapy, especially in patients with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM) and IgM monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (IgM‐MGUS). We describe a method that provides greatly increased sensitivity for detecting minority mutations in MYD88.MethodsWe used a locked nucleic acid oligonucleotide to block amplification of wild‐type DNA during polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sanger sequencing of amplified DNA was used for detecting mutations in MYD88 gene. This approach was used to test samples from patients with WM and IgM‐MGUS.ResultsWhen compared to traditional PCR followed by Sanger sequencing, our methodology was significantly more sensitive (one mutant allele in a background of 200 wild‐type alleles). Using sequencing allowed us to visualize the PCR product, giving advantages over other methodologies such as allele‐specific PCR. Based on analyzing 36 randomly selected, MYD88 mutated, clinically tested samples, we demonstrate that traditional PCR failed to detect MYD88 mutations in 64% of the samples that were clearly positive by wild‐type blocking PCR.ConclusionThe new methodology is essential for attaining accurate results in clinical testing.
Combined predictive value of the expanded donor criteria for long‐term graft survival of kidneys from donors after cardiac death: A single‐center experience over three decades
Authors: Kusaka Mamoru , Kubota Yusuke , Sasaki Hitomi , Fukami Naohiko , Fujita Tamio , Hirose Yuichi , Takahashi Hiroshi , Kenmochi Takashi , Shiroki Ryoichi , Hoshinaga Kiyotaka 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesKidneys procured from the deceased hold great potential for expanding the donor pool. The aims of the present study were to investigate the post‐transplant outcomes of renal allografts recovered from donors after cardiac death, to identify risk factors affecting the renal prognosis and to compare the long‐term survival from donors after cardiac death according to the number of risk factors shown by expanded criteria donors.MethodsA total of 443 grafts recovered using an in situ regional cooling technique from 1983 to 2011 were assessed. To assess the combined predictive value of the significant expanded criteria donor risk criteria, the patients were divided into three groups: those with no expanded criteria donor risk factors (no risk), one expanded criteria donor risk factor (single‐risk) and two or more expanded criteria donor risk factors (multiple‐risk).ResultsAmong the donor factors, age ≥50 years, hypertension, maximum serum creatinine level ≥1.5 mg/dL and a warm ischemia time ≥30 min were identified as independent predictors of long‐term graft failure on multivariate analysis. Regarding the expanded criteria donors criteria for marginal donors, cerebrovascular disease, hypertension and maximum serum creatinine level ≥1.5 mg/dL were identified as significant predictors on univariate analysis. The single‐ and multiple‐risk groups showed 2.01‐ and 2.40‐fold higher risks of graft loss, respectively.ConclusionsRenal grafts recovered from donors after cardiac death donors have a good renal function with an excellent long‐term graft survival. However, an increased number of expanded criteria donors risk factors increase the risk of graft loss.
The curious case of the 1960 Nobel Prize to Burnet and Medawar
Authors: Silverstein Arthur M. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryThe 1960 Nobel Prize was awarded to Macfarlane Burnet and Peter Medawar for immunological tolerance. The Nobel Archives reveal that the two were never nominated together by anyone; Burnet had repeatedly been nominated for his virology studies, and the Medawar group (including Rupert Billingham and Leslie Brent) had been nominated independently for their transplantation work. A review of the 1950s literature suggests that tolerance had not yet, by 1960, reached the level of acceptance and acclaim in the immunological community to appear to justify the award. Burnet probably should have received the Prize for his virus work, and perhaps also for his Clonal Selection Theory, whereas Billingham and Brent should have shared in a Prize with Medawar for transplantation. If a Prize were to be given for tolerance, most agree that Ray Owen should have shared in it, for his work on cattle chimerism. It is suggested that the 1960 Nobel Prize to Burnet and Medawar for immunological tolerance may have been given for the wrong reasons and to the wrong associates.
Shape Complexity and Process Energy Consumption in Electron Beam Melting: A Case of Something for Nothing in Additive Manufacturing?
Authors: Baumers Martin , Tuck Chris , Wildman Ricky , Ashcroft Ian , Hague Richard 
Published: January 2016

SummaryAdditive manufacturing (AM) technology is capable of building up component geometry in a layer‐by‐layer process, entirely without tools, molds, or dies. One advantage of the approach is that it is capable of efficiently creating complex product geometry. Using experimental data collected during the manufacture of a titanium test part on a variant of AM technology, electron beam melting (EBM), this research studies the effect of a variation in product shape complexity on process energy consumption. This is done by applying a computationally quantifiable convexity‐based characteristic associated with shape complexity to the test part and correlating this quantity with per‐layer process energy consumption on the EBM system. Only a weak correlation is found between the complexity metric and energy consumption (ρ = .35), suggesting that process energy consumption is indeed not driven by shape complexity. This result is discussed in the context of the energy consumption of computer‐controlled machining technology, which forms an important substitute to EBM. This article further discusses the impact of available additional shape complexity at the manufacturing process level on the incentives toward minimization of energy inputs, additional benefits arising later within the product's life cycle, and its implications for value creation possibilities.
Bats as prey of diurnal birds: a global perspective
Authors: Mikula Peter , Morelli Federico , Lučan Radek K. , Jones Darryl N. , Tryjanowski Piotr 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPredation is an important selective pressure that can influence prey species in numerous ways. Predator–prey relationships are, however, poorly understood in taxa not typically associated with these interactions; this is especially the case when bats (Chiroptera) are the prey.The main aim here is to review and synthesise global information on the predation of bats by birds of prey (Accipitriformes and Falconiformes) and other diurnal bird groups.We compiled data on incidences of predation of bats by diurnal birds, through an extensive multilingual study of bibliographic and Internet‐based sources. Scientific papers were found mainly via the Thomson Reuters (Web of Science and Zoological Record) and Scopus databases, Google Scholar, and Google Books. Additional data were found through Internet searches of trip reports, images and videos carried by Google, Google Images, Flickr, and YouTube.In total, more than 1500 cases of bats being attacked by diurnal predatory birds were obtained. Reports were documented from every continent (exceptAntarctica) and from 109 countries, and were thus distributed globally between 70°Nand 43°S. Overall, we found evidence for predation of bats by 143 species of diurnal raptors (Accipitriformes 107 spp. and Falconiformes 36 spp.) and by 94 non‐raptor bird species from 28 families. At least 124 and 50 bat species were taken as prey by raptors and by other diurnal bird species, respectively.Attacks on bats by diurnal raptors were found to be distributed globally and were present in the majority of extant raptor lineages. Attacks on bats by other diurnal birds were also occasionally recorded. Furthermore, the majority of extant bat families featured as prey. These results strongly suggest that predation by birds may act as a major factor affecting the scarcity of daytime activity in bats and as a driver in the evolution of bat nocturnality.
Forest trees filter chronic wind‐signals to acclimate to high winds
Authors: Bonnesoeur Vivien , Constant Thiéry , Moulia Bruno , Fournier Meriem 
Published: January 2016

Summary

Controlled experiments have shown that trees acclimate thigmomorphogenetically to wind‐loads by sensing their deformation (strain). However, the strain regime in nature is exposed to a full spectrum of winds. We hypothesized that trees avoid overreacting by responding only to winds which bring information on local climate and/or wind exposure. Additionally, competition for light dependent on tree social status also likely affects thigmomorphogenesis.

We monitored and manipulated quantitatively the strain regimes of 15 pairs of beech (Fagus sylvatica) trees of contrasting social status in an acclimated stand, and quantified the effects of these regimes on the radial growth over a vegetative season.

Trees exposed to artificial bending, the intensity of which corresponds to the strongest wind‐induced strains, enhanced their secondary growth by at least 80%. Surprisingly, this reaction was even greater – relatively – for suppressed trees than for dominant ones.

Acclimated trees did not sense the different types of wind events in the same way. Daily wind speed peaks due to thermal winds were filtered out. Thigmomorphogenesis was therefore driven by intense storms. Thigmomorphogenesis is also likely to be involved in determining social status.
Effect of gender and Frankfort mandibular plane angle on orthodontic space closure: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ireland A. J. , Songra G. , Clover M. , Atack N. E. , Sherriff M. , Sandy J. R. 
Published: January 2016

Structured AbstractObjectivesTo determine the effect of gender and Frankfort mandibular plane angle (FMPA) on extraction space closure.Setting and Sample PopulationA single district general hospital. The sample population were 11‐ to 18‐year‐olds undergoing upper and lower fixed appliance therapy following the loss of a premolar in each quadrant.MethodsA total of 100 patients undergoing upper and lower fixed appliance therapy following the loss of four premolars were randomized with stratification on two age ranges (11–14 years and 15–18 years) and three FMPAs (high, medium and low). Allocation was to one of three treatment groups: conventional, active or passive self‐ligating brackets, with an allocation ratio of 1:2:2. All subjects were treated using the same archwire sequence and space closing mechanics. Space closure was measured on models taken every 12 weeks throughout treatment. All measurements were taken by one operator, blinded to bracket type.ResultsA total of 98 patients were followed to completion. Data were analysed using linear mixed models and demonstrated no statistically significant difference between bracket types with respect to space closure. Therefore, the data were pooled to determine the effect of gender and FMPA on space closure. At all stages of space closure, there was a significant effect of gender (results are presented as effect size, lower and upper 95% confidence intervals and probability), that is passive [1.064, 0.521, 1.607, 0.001], active [0.825, 0.312, 1.339, 0.002] and total space closure [1.029, 0.527, 1.531, 0.001]. There was no statistically significant effect of FMPA on space closure.ConclusionsSpace closure during fixed appliance therapy is affected by gender but is unaffected by FMPA.
A Rare Case of Atypical Myxoid Cellular Neurothekeoma in a 6‐Year‐Old Girl
Authors: Han Tae Young , Han Byeol , Lee Young Chae , Lee June Hyunkyung , Son Sook‐Ja 
Published: January 2016

AbstractNeurothekeoma (nerve sheath myxoma)is a benign tumor of probable nerve sheath origin. The atypical cellular variant of this tumor, showing a peculiar histologic pattern, has been very rarely reported in the literature. The atypical variant of cellular neurothekeoma is characterized by features such as large size, deep penetration extending into skeletal muscle and/or subcutaneous fat, diffuse infiltration borders, vascular invasion, high mitotic rate and marked cytologic pleomorphism. We describe a rare form of atypical myxoid cellular neurothekeoma in a 6‐year‐old girl.
Environmental Harm and “the Good Farmer”: Conceptualizing Discourses of Environmental Sustainability in the Beef Industry
Authors: Kessler Anna , Parkins John R. , Huddart Kennedy Emily 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMaintaining sustainability discourses in the face of evidence to the contrary is a topic of considerable interest in sociology. We approach this topic with a focus on the beef industry in Alberta, Canada. By studying the discourses of cow and calf producers this article addresses the following questions: (1) What are the discourses that producers draw on to support their self‐perceptions as stewards of the land, (2) how are these discourses used by producers to negotiate and reconcile their involvement in a system that contributes to environmental degradation, and (3) what are key elements to interpreting these discourses of sustainability? Methods include semistructured interviews with attention to the potential of genomics for enhanced cattle breeding to ameliorate harmful methane emissions. Our findings indicate that producers draw on narratives of balance between economic and environmental concerns, focus on epistemic nearness, and fragment their understanding of the beef industry to maintain discourses of sustainability. These findings offer insights into the impacts that embodied, material forms of knowledge have on farmers’ perceptions of the land, and demonstrate that these narratives and ways of knowing predicate farmers’ understandings of sustainable development.
Twelve‐point scale grading system of scanning electron microscopic examination to investigate subtle changes in damaged hair surface
Authors: Lee S. Y. , Choi A. R. , Baek J. H. , Kim H. O. , Shin M. K. , Koh J. S. 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundTo assess the hair surface condition, scanning electron microscope (SEM) is commonly used and it remains an indispensable hair morphology characterization technique. Yet, the technique is criticized for having subjective viewpoints and limitations in distinguishing the appearance of cuticle layers.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to establish an objective classification system and also to subdivide by detailed description of damaged cuticle layers.MethodsHair samples were collected from female subjects (n = 500) who participated in hair efficacy study and Asian hair bunches (n = 180) that were previously collected. Damage to hair was initiated by chemical, heat stress and ultraviolet irradiation. We suggested the grading criterion on a 12‐point scale and compared with a wide range grading system on a 5‐point scale. We evaluated other hair surface‐related parameters such as hair luster‐ring and combing load to verify the validity and efficacy of our new grading system.ResultsThe grading criterion on our 12‐point scale revealed an improved discrimination compared to the wide range grading system. Hair surface‐related parameters were significantly improved after hair care product, and these tendencies were likely to be determined to be similarly improved using the 12‐point scale grading system.ConclusionThe 12‐point scale classification system was demonstrated to be a more precise standardization and appropriate evaluation method to investigate the subtle distinction of the hair shaft after hair care product application.