bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resenha do livro: 'Teoria da História'
Authors: Boschi Caio César 
Published: January 2018

(parágrafo do texto)Não se trata de obra pioneira entre nós, cabendo lembrar aqui a alentada Teorias da História, de Patrick Gardiner (Lisboa, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1969. 679 p.). Esta, no entanto, tem a sua consulta minimizada devido a duas ordens de dificuldades: o—alto custo, aliado ao fato de se tratar de Obra importada, torna-a inacessível à grande maioria dos alunos dos cursos de História; e, em segundo lugar, a desatualização quanto aos "teóricos" da História surgidos na década de 60, particularmente na historiografia francesa, os quais compõem o quadro das principais discussões metodológicas da História em nossos dias. Aliás, cumpre notar que é bastante significativo o fato de que a presente coletânea seja lançada simultaneamente à tradução brasileira do excelente Faire de l'Histoire, o que, no mínimo, evidencia a certeza de que a ciência histórica no Brasil esteja, gradativamente, libertando-se das peias do amadorismo, face à demanda de um público carente de formulações teórico-metodológicas mais sólidas e expressivas.
Resenha do livro: História de Palestina, dos primórdios aos nossos dias
Authors: Etchebehere Junior Lincoln 
Published: January 2018

(primeiro parágrafo do texto)O autor se propõe a nos dar uma História da Palestina desde a proto-história até nossos dias, isto é, 1970. A maior parte do livro porém é dedicada à questão do Oriente Médio, à luta entre palestinos e israelis, conforme denominação do autor que são os "cidadãos do Estado de Israel, na sua grande maioria, de religião judaica". Da proto-história até a ocupação britânica, após a Primeira Grande Guerra Mundial (1914/8) temos 228 páginas. As restantes, iniciandô-se no capítulo XI Pax Britannica, procura explicar as origens dos conflitos árabe-israelense e relatos sobre os mesmos até 1970. Como o próprio autor escreve. Os três últimos capítulos deste livro foram escritos antes dos demais, havendo sido concluidos em agosto de 1969. Os acontecimentos dramáticos do ano de 1970, sobretudo a guerra fratricida de setembro, na Jordânia, exigem uma complementação. Complementação, bem entendido, e não emenda, visto que os prognósticos do capítulo XIII foram confirmados pelos acontecimentos", há parece-me, uma preocupação maior com o conflito árabe-israelense, buscando suas origens e prováveis soluções.
Resenha do livro: 'Histoire de la sexualité. I - La volonté de savoir'
Authors: Silva Maria Beatriz Nizza da 
Published: January 2018

(primeiro parágrafo do texto)O primeiro de uma série anunciada de 6 volumes (seguir-se-ão La chair et le corps, La croisade des enfants, La femme, la mère et l'hystérique, Les pervers, Population et rates), este tomo apresenta-se como uma introdução às análises que se vão suceder. Como geralmente acontece nas obras de Michel Foucault, começa-se por apresentar as teses vigentes, aquelas que gozam de maior prestígio que parecem mais firmemente estabelecidas, para em seguida o autor desmoronar esse saber adquirido. Neste caso, a tese gloriosa seria a seguinte: a uma sexualidade livre até ao século XVII seguir-se-ia uma sexualidade reprimida, muda, hipócrita, enfim "vitoriana". Este discurso sobre a moderna repressão do sexo apresenta-se solidamente enraizado, tanto mais que uma caução política protege: "Fazendo surgir a época da repressão no século XVII, depois de algumas centenas de anos de ar livre e de livre expressão, fazem-na coincidir com o desenvolvimento do capitalismo: estaria indissociavelmente ligada à ordem burguesa" (p. 12). Porquê? Os defensores dessa tese não têm a menor dificuldade em explicá-la: se o sexo é reprimido com tanto rigor, é porque é incompatível com uma forma de trabalho geral e intensa. Numa época em que se explora sistematicamente a força de trabalho, poder-se-ia tolerar que ela se desperdiçasse em prazeres, excetuados aqueles, e mesmo assim reduzidos ao mínimo, que lhe permitem reproduzir-se? A causa do sexo e da sua liberdade assume assim as honras de uma causa política. "A idéia do sexo reprimido não é portanto apenas uma questão de teoria". É também uma atitude política de combate à "hipócrita burguesia".
The use of temporal factors for improved CO2 emissions accounting in buildings
Authors: Evans Barny , Sidat Sabbir 
Published: January 2018

This paper is an investigation into the issues around how we calculate CO2 emissions in the built environment. At present, in Building Regulations and GHG Protocol calculations used for buildings and corporate CO2 emissions calculations, it is standard to use a single number for the CO2 emission factor of each source. This paper considers how energy demand, particularly electricity at different times of the day, season and even year can differ in terms of its CO2 emissions. This paper models three different building types (retail, office and home) using standard software to estimate a profile of energy demand. It then considers how CO2 emissions calculations differ between using the single standard emissions factor and using an hourly emissions factor based on real electrical grid generation over a year. The paper also examines the impact of considering lifetime emissions factors rather than one-year factors using UK government projections. The results show that there is a significant difference to the analysis of benefit in terms of CO2 emissions from different measures – both intra- and inter-year – due to the varying CO2 emissions intensity, even when they deliver the same amount of net energy saving. Other factors not considered in this paper, such as impact on peak generation and air quality, are likely to be important when considering whole-system impacts. In line with this, it is recommended that moves are made to incorporate intra- and inter-year emissions factor changes in methodologies for calculating CO2 emissions. (This is particularly important as demand side response and energy storage, although generally accepted as important in the decarbonisation of the energy system at present will show as an increase in CO2 emissions when using a single number.) Further work quantifying the impact on air quality and peak generation capacity should also be considered. Practical application: This paper aims to help practitioners to understand the performance gap between how systems need to be designed in order to meet regulations compared to how buildings perform in reality – both today and in the future. In particular, it considers the use of ‘real-time’ carbon factors in order to attain long-term CO2 reductions. This methodology enables decision makers to understand the impacts of different energy reduction technologies, considering each of their unique characteristics and usage profiles. If implemented, the result is a simple-to-use dataset which can be embedded into the software packages already available onto the market which mirrors the complexity of the electricity grid that is under-represented through the use of a static carbon figure.
Triple-split-bolus versus single-bolus CT in abdominal trauma patients: a comparative study
Authors: Godt Johannes Clemens , Eken Torsten , Schulz Anselm , Johansen Cathrine K , Aarsnes Anette , Dormagen Johann Baptist 
Published: January 2018

Background Split-bolus computed tomography (CT) is a recent development in trauma imaging. Instead of multiple scans in different contrast phases after a single contrast bolus, split-bolus protocols consist of one single scan of the thorax and abdomen after two or three contrast injections at different points of time. Purpose To evaluate and compare image quality and injury findings of a new triple-split-bolus CT (TS-CT) protocol of thorax and abdomen with those of a portal venous phase CT (PV-CT) in the same patient group. Material and Methods Trauma patients in 2009–2012 who underwent both the TS-CT initially and a PV-CT during the next six weeks were included. The TS-CT examination was performed as one CT run after application of three contrast boluses (total 175 mL) to enhance renal pelvis and urinary tract, the abdominal organs, and the large arterial vessels. The PV-CT had a fixed delay of 85 s. We measured attenuation in Hounsfield units (HU), evaluated possible organ injury and assessed image quality on a 5-point scale. Results Thirty-five patients were included. Attenuation measurements of major abdominal vessels, organs, and renal pelvis were significantly higher with the TS-CT protocol. Performance in organ injury diagnosis and image quality was equal in both protocols. Conclusion The overall performance of the TS-CT protocol is similar to the standard PV-CT. Excellent visualization of the arterial tree and the collecting system may eliminate the need for separate scans.
Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: Two novel ACADM mutations identified in a retrospective screening
Authors: Smon Andraz , Groselj Urh , Debeljak Marusa , Zerjav Tansek Mojca , Bertok Sara , Avbelj Stefanija Magdalena , Trebusak Podkrajsek Katarina , Battelino Tadej , Repic Lampret Barbka 
Published: January 2018

Objective The aim of this study was to determine whether an expanded newborn screening programme, which is not yet available in Slovenia, would have detected the first two patients with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency in the country. Two novel ACADM mutations are also described. Methods Both patients were diagnosed clinically; follow-up involved analysis of organic acids in urine, acylcarnitines in dried blood spots, and genetic analysis of ACADM. Cut-off values of acylcarnitines in newborns were established using analysis of 10,000 newborns in a pilot screening study. Results In both patients, analysis of the organic acids in urine showed a possible β-oxidation defect, while the specific elevation of acylcarnitines confirmed MCAD deficiency. Subsequent genetic analysis confirmed the diagnosis; both patients were compound heterozygotes, each with one novel mutation (c.861 + 2T > C and c.527_533del). The results from a retrospective analysis of newborn screening cards clearly showed major elevations of MCAD-specific acylcarnitines in the patients. Conclusions An expanded newborn screening programme would be beneficial because it would have detected MCAD deficiency in both patients before the development of clinical signs. Our study also provides one of the first descriptions of ACADM mutations in Southeast Europe.
Cartilage Morphological and Histological Findings After Reconstruction of the Glenoid With an Iliac Crest Bone Graft
Authors: Auffarth Alexander , Resch Herbert , Matis Nicholas , Hudelmaier Martin , Wirth Wolfgang , Forstner Rosemarie , Neureiter Daniel , Traweger Andreas , Moroder Philipp 
Published: January 2018

Background: The J-bone graft is presumably representative of iliac crest bone grafts in general and allows anatomic glenoid reconstruction in cases of bone defects due to recurrent traumatic anterior shoulder dislocations. As a side effect, these grafts have been observed to be covered by some soft, cartilage-like tissue when arthroscopy has been indicated after such procedures. Purpose: To evaluate the soft tissue covering of J-bone grafts by use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histological analysis. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Patients underwent MRI at 1 year after the J-bone graft procedures. Radiological data were digitally processed and evaluated by segmentation of axial images. Independent from the MRI analysis, 2 biopsy specimens of J-bone grafts were harvested for descriptive histological analysis. Results: Segmentation of the images revealed that all grafts were covered by soft tissue. This layer had an average thickness of 0.87 mm compared with 1.96 mm at the adjacent native glenoid. Of the 2 biopsy specimens, one exhibited evident hyaline-like cartilage and the other presented patches of chondrocytes embedded in a glycosaminoglycan-rich extracellular matrix. Conclusion: J-bone grafts are covered by soft tissue that can differentiate into fibrous and potentially hyaline cartilage. This feature may prove beneficial for delaying the onset of dislocation arthropathy of the shoulder.
Hemodynamic Comparison of Two Different Pediatric Aortic Cannulas
Authors: De Wachter D. , De Somer F. , Verdonck P. 
Published: January 2018

Any extracorporeal blood treatment requires an adequate and safe connection to the circulation. For cardiopulmonary bypass procedures, aortic and venous cannulas are utilized. However, the performance of these cannulas is not only dependent on their size (diameter), but also on their complete geometric design. In this paper two aortic cannula designs are evaluated hemodynamically for two different sizes (8, 10 Fr) both with aqueous fluids and with blood. Using the novel concept of equivalent diameter, a new performance parameter, and the theory of dynamic similarity the results obtained with different fluids can be compared. Data points of one cannula can be fitted to a parabolic equation. There is a significant performance difference between the two 8 Fr cannulas. The 10 Fr cannulas differ non-significantly except when water is used. Equivalent diameters obtained with water in the turbulent region are significantly higher than those obtained with fluids that have a higher viscosity (blood and aqueous glycerine mixture). The latter fluids have comparable viscosities and render an equal equivalent diameter. The coefficients of their proper parabolic fit lines can easily be recalculated into each other. This provides a simple method to quickly determine pressure drops in cannulas in the operating room.
The Heart-Pump Interaction: Effects of a Microaxial Blood Pump
Authors: Stoliński J. , Rosenbaum C. , Flameng W. , Meyns B. 
Published: January 2018

Background: When we use rotary blood pumps as an assist device, an interaction takes place between the pump performance and the native heart function (native heart influences pump performance and vice versa). The interaction between native heart and rotary blood pump can be useful to predict recovery of the failing heart. Methods: The rotary blood pumps used were microaxial catheter-mounted pumps with an external diameter of 6.4mm (Impella, Aachen, Germany). The pump-heart interaction was studied in five juvenile sheep with a mean body weight of 68.5 ± 8.7 kg. The pumps were introduced via the left carotid artery and placed in transvalvular aortic position. Recorded parameters were pump speed (rpm), generated flow (L/min) and differential pressure (mm Hg) obtained at high frequency rate of data recordings (25 sets of data per second). This allowed continuous analysis of the pump performance during cardiac cycle. Under clinical conditions the interaction was studied in a 60-year-old male, in whom the device was applied due to postcardiotomy heart failure after myocardial infarction. Results: Heart-pump interaction was analyzed based on pump flow differential pressure. This relationship, analyzed continuously during cardiac cycle, presents as a loop. The dynamic contribution of the heart to the flow generated by the pump leads to continuous fluctuation in the pressure head and the creation of hysteresis. The improved function of the failing heart under clinical conditions after seven days of mechanical support was expressed by: increased hysteresis of the loop caused by increased gradient of flow generated during cardiac cycle, a more pronounced ventricular ejection phase that indicates more dynamic heart contribution to the generated flow, and finally increased gradient of the differential pressure during cardiac cycle, caused predominantly by increased aortic pressure and decreased left ventricle pressure during diastolic phase. Conclusions: The heart-pump interaction based on the pump flow-differential pressure relationship can be useful in predicting the possibility to wean the patient from the device.
Plasma Carnitine Profile during Chronic Renal Anemia Treatment with Recombinant Human Erythropoietin
Authors: Dębska-Ślizień A. , Owczarzak A. , Kunicka D. , Łysiak-Szydłowska W. , Rutkowski B. 
Published: January 2018

Recombinant human erythropoietin (epoetin) is widely used for correction of anaemia in patients with chronic renal disease and its efficacy has been confirmed in numerous studies. Disturbances in carnitine metabolism may also contribute to the development of renal anaemia. Although increases in erythrocyte count (RBC) and changes in RBC metabolism during L-carnitine administration have been observed, supplementation with L-carnitine in anaemic hemodialysis patients is not routine. The aim of our study was to determine the influence of epoetin on hematological parameters and plasma carnitine profile in anaemic hemodialysis patients. 36 hemodialysis patients (22 men, 14 female, aged from 17 to 64 years, mean 43) and 30 healthy volunteers (12 men, 18 female, aged from 25 to 65 years, mean 40) were studied. Epoetin (Eprex, Janssen-Cilag) was administered subcutaneously for twelve months with the starting dose 2000 IU three times per week (range from 75 to 133, mean 102±21 IU/kg/week). The target hemoglobin (Hb) range at the time of the study was between 10–11 g/dL. Laboratory markers of hematological response, carnitine and iron status, were measured before epoetin administration and then controlled every three months. During epoetin treatment a significant increase in Hb concentration was observed (100% of patients responded to epoetin). In the third and six month of epoetin treatment, along with a significant increase in mean reticulocyte count and the highest increment of RBC count and Hb levels, probably due to increased erythropoiesis, a significant, transient decrease of mean total and free plasma carnitine levels was observed. This may suggest the utilisation of carnitine by a new RBC population. It also indicates that there is a need for L-carnitine in carnitine deficient maintenance hemodialysis patients particularily during erythropoiesis induced by epoetin treatment.
Autologous Cardiomyocyte Transplantation Using a Biodegradable Polymer Scaffold
Authors: Kim W.G. , Park J.K. , Moon H.K. , Roh J.R. 
Published: January 2018

Background To achieve a more reliable way of transplanting cardiomyocytes, we conducted an autologous cardiomyocyte transplantation using a biodegradable scaffold, instead of a syringe injection, as a vehicle for transporting cells in an ovine myocardial infarction model. Materials and Methods A myocardial infarction was created in sheep using sequential ligation of the homonymous artery and its diagonal branch. Autologous cardiomyocytes from the right ventricular infundibulum were cultured and seeded onto a biodegradable polymer scaffold. Three months after creating myocardial infarction, the two animals were re-anesthetized and cardiomyocyte-seeded scaffolds were implanted in the infarcted area. The animals were kept alive for a further month, and then sacrificed for postmortem heart examinations. Light microscopic analysis and an immunohistochemical study for myoglobin were performed. Results On postmortem gross examinations, the polymer scaffolds were visible in the background of well-demarcated thin-walled anteroseptal myocardial infarcts. Microscopic analysis showed abundant myoglobin-stained cells between the fiber strands of the polymer scaffolds. However, there is a possibility that some of these cells might have been giant cells reacting to foreign material. Conclusion The transplantation of cultured autologous cardiomyocytes into an infarct region using a biodegradable scaffold instead of syringe injection provides another promising option for cardiomyocyte transplantation, which warrants further study.
Peritoneal Catheter Exit-Site Infections: Predisposing Factors, Prevention and Treatment
Authors: Thodis E. , Passadakis P. , Ossareh S. , Panagoutsos S. , Vargemezis V. , Oreopoulos D.G. 
Published: January 2018

Catheter-related infections, exit-site-tunnel infections and peritonitis remain the Achilles heel of peritoneal dialysis. Although the overall incidence of peritoneal-dialysis-related infectious complications has been reduced since the introduction of the Y-set and double bag system, approximately one-fifth of peritonitis episodes are associated with catheter exit-site and tunnel infections. Since its development in 1968, the Tenckhoff catheter has become one of the most widely used peritoneal catheters, and many have proposed that a number of modifications have made it a better choice. Controversies concerning the effect on exit-site infections of catheter(s) with one or two cuffs, with straight, coiled, Swan-Neck, or other modifications led to the randomized controlled studies that are reviewed in this paper. Several studies have confirmed that mupirocin, applied at the exit-site as part of regular exit-site care, reduces the risk of S. aureus exit-site and tunnel infections. Recently, the emergence on a world-wide basis of mupirocin-resistant S. aureus (MuRSA) in peritoneal dialysis patients has brought this prophylactic strategy into question. However the low frequency of resistant organisms after four years of mupirocin prophylaxis suggests that we can continue its use with annual surveillance. Once established, exit-site infections may respond to appropriate treatment, but if not the only option may be catheter removal and replacement. Although peritonitis risk has decreased over the past decade, mainly due to improvements in connection technology, exit-site and tunnel infections have not (1, 2). An exit-site infection that does not respond to treatment may lead to tunnel infection and to persistent peritonitis, which may require catheter removal and occasionally discontinuation of the peritoneal dialysis. Therefore it is important to be familiar with these factors that predispose to exit-site infection and to know how to prevent and to treat such infections. This review will discuss factors that predispose to catheter-related exit-site infections, techniques of exit-site care, and ways to prevent exit-site infection, with emphasis on S. aureus infections and their treatment (3, 4).
Clinical Application of Sodium Profiling in the Treatment of Intradialytic Hypotension
Authors: Colì L. , Ursino M. , Donati G. , Cianciolo G. , Soverini M.L. , Baraldi O. , La Manna G. , Feliciangeli G. , Scolari M.P. , Stefoni S. 
Published: January 2018

Background Intradialytic hypotension is mainly induced by the removal of extracellular sodium during dialysis, which impairs intravascular fluid refilling and reduces blood volume. To counter this complication we tested a new kind of profiled hemodialysis (PHD) consisting of the intradialytic modulation of dialysate sodium concentration according to individual profiles set up using a new mathematical model for intradialytic solutes and water kinetics. The clinical aim of this PHD is to stabilize blood pressure maintaining higher blood volume values than standard dialysis treatments. We clinically validated PHD in comparison with constant dialysate sodium dialysis (CHD). Methods Twenty hypotensive dialysis patients underwent one PHD and one CHD session maintaining the same dialysis length, sodium mass removal and body weight decrease. A new mathematical model was used to define both the dialysate sodium profiles for PHD and the constant dialysate sodium for CHD. Percent blood volume variation (Crit-line), mean blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output (Doppler-echocardiography) were monitored intradialitically. Results Cardiovascular stability improved on PHD as compared with CHD sessions; blood volume and cardiac output during PHD showed a lower decrease than on CHD, the differences statistically significant (from 30' and 60' respectively). Mean blood pressure was, at all time intervals, more stable on PHD than on CHD and was accompanied, on PHD, by a lower heart rate increase (differences statistically significant). Conclusions This study shows that PHD performed using dialysate sodium profiles elaborated by our mathematical model obtains, in hypotensive patients, a higher hemodynamic intradialytic stability than CHD, probably due to a higher stabilization of blood volume.