bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous palaeo‐ecogeography of brachiopods during the Late Ordovician mass extinction in South China
Authors: Huang Bing , Rong Jiayu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFollowing the first phase of the Late Ordovician mass extinction (LOME), the globally distributed Hirnantia brachiopod fauna exhibited homogeneity both latitudinally and longitudinally. The uniform global palaeobiogeography of the Hirnantia fauna, based solely on occurrence data, might obscure its heterogeneous nature during the glaciation. In this study, leveraging diversity and abundance data from well‐sampled collections in South China, along with non‐metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) using the Raup–Crick measure, network analysis (NA), and abundance models, we unveil the palaeo‐ecogeography of the Hirnantia fauna for the first time. The distribution of the Hirnantia fauna in South China is categorized into three areas: the deep water area, the shallower water area, and the very shallow water area, based on NMDS and NA. Drastically different benthic assemblages among these areas reveal diverse environmental settings, with an approximate westward shallower trend and a deeper trend extending both northward and southeastward. Analysis of species‐abundance models for eight well‐sampled collections demonstrates different best‐fitted models, suggesting that competitive ecology operated in varied contexts despite common BA3 environmental settings and close geographical proximity. While a substantial global sea level fall and climate cooling around the Katian–Hirnantian boundary played important roles in the LOME, the palaeo‐ecogeography of the Hirnantia fauna in South China was predominantly influenced by the expansion of the Cathaysian oldland and the Qianzhong uplift. The interval between the two LOME phases, marked by kinetic conditions, witnessed the heterogeneous development of the Hirnantia fauna.
Direct and Legacy Effects of Varying Cool‐Season Precipitation Totals on Ecosystem Carbon Flux in a Semi‐Arid Mixed Grassland
Authors: Zhang Fangyue , Biederman Joel A. , Pierce Nathan A. , Potts Daniel L. , Reed Sasha C. , Smith William K. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn the semi‐arid grasslands of the southwest United States, annual precipitation is divided between warm‐season (July–September) convective precipitation and cool‐season (December–March) frontal storms. While evidence suggests shifts in precipitation seasonal distribution, there is a poor understanding of the ecosystem carbon flux responses to cool‐season precipitation and the potential legacy effects on subsequent warm‐season carbon fluxes. Results from a two‐year experiment with three cool‐season precipitation treatments (dry, received 5th percentile cool‐season total precipitation; normal, 50th; wet, 95th) and constant warm‐season precipitation illustrate the direct and legacy effects on carbon fluxes, but in opposing ways. In wet cool‐season plots, gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) were 103% and 127% higher than in normal cool‐season plots. In dry cool‐season plots, GPP and ER were 47% and 85% lower compared to normal cool‐season plots. Unexpectedly, we found a positive legacy effect of the dry cool‐season treatment on warm‐season carbon flux, resulting in a significant increase in both GPP and ER in the subsequent warm season, compared to normal cool‐season plots. Our results reveal positive legacy effects of cool‐season drought on warm‐season carbon fluxes and highlight the importance of the relatively under‐studied cool‐growing season and its direct/indirect impact on the ecosystem carbon budget.
Adult dietary experience influences mortality of the pest melon fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae), to an ingested toxin
Authors: Mason Charles J. , Grummer April , Bosch Michael , Shikano Ikkei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIngested toxins formulated as baits can be effective in the management of insect pests, but their efficacy may be influenced by insect foraging alongside active ingredients. There are several components that might influence insect consumption of toxic baits, one of which being prior nutritional exposure. In our study, we investigated how protein deprivation following adult emergence influences lethal and sublethal effects of boric acid on the pest tephritid melon fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae. We performed a series of experiments to address the impact of prior diet on mortality, diet consumption, enzymes involved in detoxification and antioxidation and fly activity. Newly emerged melon fly adults were provided either diet containing 3:1 sucrose/yeast hyrdrolysate or just sucrose for three days prior to bioassays. Overall, protein deprivation had a strong effect on fly interactions with boric acid. In two separate experiments (continuous exposure and short duration feeding), insects only pre‐fed sucrose had significantly higher mortality compared with those pre‐fed protein. Insects that were pre‐fed only sucrose removed more liquid diet over the same duration of the experiments, suggesting compensatory foraging behaviours. Adults pre‐fed sucrose had higher catalase (1.5×) and superoxide dismutase (1.7×) activities compared with adults pre‐fed sucrose‐yeast, but we found no effect of boric acid on their activity or that of glutathione‐S‐transferase or acetylcholinesterase activity. Boric acid consumption also significantly reduced the activity of melon flies. Overall, our results demonstrate that prior diet in fly adulthood can impact subsequent exposure to and efficacy of ingested toxicants.
Successful Aging and Self‐Neglect Among Community‐Dwelling Older People
Authors: Sert Esma Nur , Ilgaz Aysegul 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveIt was aimed to explore the relationship between successful aging and self‐neglect and factors affecting successful aging among community‐dwelling older people.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted with 316 participants aged 60 years and older in a Family Health Center (FHC). The data were collected by using the questionnaire form, Successful Aging Scale and Self‐Neglect Scale. The questionnaire form includes sociodemographic characteristics, independence (Katz Daily Life Activities Scale) and well‐being status (WHO‐5 Well‐Being Index), psychosocial support (Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale), and depressive symptoms (two questions‐complaints such as feeling depressed or hopeless and loss of interest and inability to enjoy life).ResultsParticipants had a mean age of 67.5 (SD: 6.5) years, 55.4% were female. A strong positive correlation was determined between successful aging score and self–neglect score (r = 0.741, p < 0.001). Factors affecting successful aging were age, working status, education level, body mass index, physical activity, subjective health perception, health screening status, self‐neglect level, depressive symptoms, independence in activities, well‐being status, and psychosocial support. Gender, income status, chronic disease presence, cigarette and alcohol use, living alone, and family type did not affect it. According to multivariate linear regression, the factors affecting successful aging were age, psychosocial support presence, and self‐neglect level (p < 0.05).ConclusionOlder people have low successful aging and self‐neglect scores. Successful aging is better at a young age, in the presence of psychosocial support and a low level of self‐neglect. It is recommended to increase the existence of psychosocial support for them and to plan interventions to reduce self‐neglect.
An HD‐Zip III transcription factor, BjPHVa, negatively regulates non‐glandular trichome formation in Brassica juncea
Authors: Zhou Yulan , Wang Mingyun , Liu Yutong , Li Zhangping , Hu Zhongyuan , Zhang Mingfang , Yang Jinghua 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTrichomes are specialized structures derived from epidermal cells. Non‐glandular trichomes primarily protect plants from herbivores and intense ultraviolet radiation by acting as a physical barrier. Recent research has highlighted the importance of homeodomain leucine zipper (HD‐Zip) IV transcription factors (TFs) in promoting trichome development. In this study, an HD‐Zip III TF called PHAVOLUTA (BjPHVa) was identified as a negative regulator of non‐glandular trichome initiation in Brassica juncea. Genome editing of BjPHVa resulted in a significant increase in trichome number in B. juncea. Co‐expression networks revealed a strong association between trichome development and the HD‐Zip family, which was supported by transcriptomic analysis findings. An R2R3‐MYB TF, BjGL1a, a key regulator of trichome development, was found to be associated with BjPHVa‐regulated trichome development. Knockdown of BjGL1a expression resulted in reduced trichome number in B. juncea. BjPHVa was observed to interact directly with BjGL1a while binding to the BjGL1a promoter, resulting in the inhibition of BjGL1a transcription. These results provide new insights into the identification of regulators involved in trichome development and offer new opportunities to enhance resistance to predicted stresses through genome editing targeting PHVa within Brassicaceae.
Evidence for the translocation of fixed N in the N2‐fixing lichen Stereocaulon vesuvianum
Authors: Crittenden Peter D. , Thornton Barry 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe fruticose lichen Stereocaulon vesuvianum is among the most abundant and widespread lichens in upland Britain. It typically produces cephalodia (nodules) that contain the cyanobacterium Stigonema, which can fix atmospheric nitrogen. However, over much of England, Wales, and southern Scotland S. vesuvianum no longer produces cephalodia and does not fix nitrogen, a morphological change linked to elevated atmospheric nitrogen deposition. This provided a unique opportunity to compare the 15N natural abundance signatures in N2‐fixing and non‐N2‐fixing lichen populations, keeping in mind that fixed nitrogen has a 15N content close to that of atmospheric N2 while, in comparison, several components of atmospheric combined N (e.g. nitrate and ammonium in precipitation) tend to be 15N depleted. We found that in N2‐fixing samples, there was a steep gradient in 15N relative abundance in the terminal 15 mm of thallus branches (pseudopodetia), changing from 15N depleted tissues at 10–15 mm below the tips to values close to that of atmospheric N2 at the apices while in non‐N2‐fixing samples thallus branches were uniformly 15N depleted. The 15N gradient in N2‐fixing material could not be explained by the presence of cephalodia since these are more abundant towards branch bases. The data provide the first evidence in lichens of translocation of recently fixed N to sink regions of active growth and production of asexual reproductive propagules, bringing lichens into line with N source‐sink relationships in N2‐fixing plant symbioses.
A safety comparison of heparin and argatroban anticoagulation in veno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with a focus on bleeding
Authors: Burša Filip , Máca Jan , Sagan Jiří , Sklienka Peter , Němcová Simona , Kučerová Zuzana , Romanová Tereza , Jor Ondřej , Kondé Adéla , Janošek Jaroslav , Frelich Michal 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundAnticoagulation during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) might still lead to severe bleeding complications. Heparin is the most frequently used anticoagulant, but novel drugs could be promising. Argatroban is a new alternative to heparin. To date, no robust studies have confirmed the clear superiority of argatroban (AG) over heparin, although it has some advantages and may be safer.Study Design and MethodsAn observational study was conducted in all adult veno‐venous ECMO patients with COVID‐19‐associated acute respiratory distress syndrome admitted to the University Hospital Ostrava (n = 63). They were anticoagulated with heparin in the first period and with AG in the second period, targeting the same activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT; 45–60 s). Bleeding complications requiring transfusion and life‐threatening bleeding events were evaluated. The primary objective was to compare heparin and AG in terms of bleeding, transfusion requirements and mortality‐related bleeding.ResultsThe total time on ECMO per patient was 16 days with an in‐hospital mortality of 55.6%. The red blood cell consumption in the AG group (median 2.7 transfusions/week) was significantly lower than in the heparin group (median 4.2 transfusions/week, p = 0.011). Life‐threatening bleeding complications were higher in the heparin group compared to the AG group (35.7% vs. 10.2%, p = 0.035), and mortality‐related bleeding complications were also higher in the heparin group (21.4% vs. 2.0%, p = 0.032).DiscussionArgatroban is an interesting alternative to heparin with less bleeding, less need for red blood cell transfusions and improved safety of ECMO with less mortality‐related bleeding.
RICELONG GRAIN 3 delays dark‐induced senescence by downregulating abscisic acid signaling and upregulating reactive oxygen species scavenging activity
Authors: Lim Chaemyeong , Kang Kiyoon , Lim Jisun , Lee Haeun , Cho Sung‐Hwan , Paek Nam‐Chon 
Published: October 2024

SUMMARYLeaf senescence is a complex developmental process influenced by abscisic acid (ABA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), both of which increase during senescence. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of leaf senescence can provide insights into enhancing crop yield and stress tolerance. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role and mechanisms of rice (Oryza sativa) LONG GRAIN 3 (OsLG3), an APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE FACTOR (AP2/ERF) transcription factor, in orchestrating dark‐induced leaf senescence. The transcript levels of OsLG3 gradually increased during dark‐induced and natural senescence. Transgenic plants overexpressing OsLG3 exhibited delayed senescence, whereas CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated oslg3 mutants exhibited accelerated leaf senescence. OsLG3 overexpression suppressed senescence‐induced ABA signaling by downregulating OsABF4 (an ABA‐signaling‐related gene) and reduced ROS accumulation by enhancing catalase activity through upregulation of OsCATC. In vivo and in vitro binding assays demonstrated that OsLG3 downregulated OsABF4 and upregulated OsCATC by binding directly to their promoter regions. These results demonstrate the critical role of OsLG3 in fine‐tuning leaf senescence progression by suppressing ABA‐mediated signaling while simultaneously activating ROS‐scavenging mechanisms. These findings suggest that OsLG3 could be targeted to enhance crop resilience and longevity.
Hypoechoic ultrasonographic findings in the patellar ligaments are common in riding and trotting horses in training (116 cases)
Authors: Law Ellen , Wright Linda , Uhlhorn Margareta , Hernlund Elin , Nilemo Carolina , Rhodin Marie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPatellar ligament (PL) injuries are increasingly being reported in horses, but few studies have described the normal PL ultrasonographic appearance in horses. The aims of this prospective observational study were to describe the ultrasonographic appearance of the PLs and infrapatellar fat pad in a population of horses in training and to relate the ultrasonographic findings to objectively measured movement asymmetry. B‐mode and color Doppler ultrasonographic examination of the PLs and infrapatellar fat pad in both hind limbs and objective gait analyses were performed on the 116 riding and trotting horses included in the study. The association between ultrasonographic findings, horse age, and movement asymmetry during the trot was then investigated.Distinct or diffuse hypoechoic regions were commonly found in the intermediate PL (24/116; 20.7%), especially in the caudal aspect of the mid‐third of the ligament. The infrapatellar fat pad had a hypoechoic striated appearance in all horses except one, in which it was hyperechoic. No association was found between ultrasonographic findings in the PLs and infrapatellar fat pad and lameness. It is important to recognize that there is biological variation in PL appearance, which may or may not be associated with pain in this area, therefore emphasizing the use of local analgesia to determine the location of the lameness.
A randomized comparison of an adhesive gelatin sponge and a plain collagen sponge for hemostatic control during canine liver surgery
Authors: Anderson Thomas S. , Hattersley Rachel D. , Demetriou Jackie L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness of a modified surface gelatin sponge to a plain collagen sponge for hemostasis of parenchymal hepatic bleeding.Study designProspective, randomized trial of two hemostatic agents.AnimalsA total of 45 dogs undergoing elective liver surgery were randomly allocated into two groups: 22 in the adhesive gelatin (AG) group and 23 in the plain collagen (PC) group. A total of 20 patients per group underwent liver biopsy to create a uniformly sized bleeding surface, with the remaining patients (AG = 2, PC = 3) undergoing liver lobectomy.MethodsEvaluation of hemostatic effectiveness and tissue adhesion of each sponge type was performed by the operating surgeon using structured scoring systems. Hemostatic parameters were primarily evaluated at the liver biopsy site to maintain homogeneity of bleeding surface size.ResultsFor the liver biopsy group (n = 40), 5 min after hemostatic sponge application, 10/20 dogs were bleeding in the PC group, compared to 2/20 in AG group (p = .0138). The PC bleeding was significantly higher than AG across the 3 to 6 min evaluation period (p < .001). When surgeons tested the adhesion of the sponge across the whole cohort (n = 45), AG scored 2 (of 3) against 1 for PC (p < .001). In group PC, 5/23 sponges dislodged during abdominal lavage and preparations for closure and had to be replaced due to recurrence of bleeding, compared with no AG sponges dislodging (p = .042). There were no further complications related to the use of either sponge.ConclusionIn the dogs with hepatic parenchymal incision, use of an adhesive gelatin sponge improved intraoperative attachment and haemostatic effectiveness, compared to a collagen sponge.Clinical significanceBased on our clinical experience in these cases, adhesive gelatin sponges could be considered an effective option when selecting a hemostatic agent for liver surgery in dogs.
Residual diabetic foot osteomyelitis after surgery leads to poor clinical outcomes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Reyes Mario C. , Suludere Mehmet A. , Tarricone Arthur N. , Sajjad Tehreem , Coye Tyler L. , Sideman Matthew J. , Lavery Lawrence A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe aim of this meta‐analysis is to compare the clinical outcomes in patients with and without residual osteomyelitis (ROM) after surgical bone resection for diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO). We completed a systematic literature search using PubMed, Scopus, and Embase using keywords DFO, Residual OM (ROM), and positive bone margins. The study outcomes included wound healing, antibiotic duration, amputation, and re‐infection. Five hundred and thirty patients were included in the analysis; 319 had no residual osteomyelitis (NROM), and 211 had ROM. There was not a significant difference in the proportion of wounds that healed 0.6 (p = 0.1, 95% confidence intervals [95% CI] 0.3–1.3). The risk of infection was 2.0 times higher (OR = 2.0, p = 0.02, 95% CI 1.1–3.4), and the risk of amputation was 4.3 times higher (OR = 4.3, p = 0.0001, 95% CI 2.4–7.6) in patients with ROM. Patients with ROM received antibiotics significantly longer. The mean difference was 16.3 days (p = 0.02, 95% CI 11.1–21.1).
Building Energy Savings and Power Output Augmentation of Roof Mounted Photovoltaic Using Co-Located Rooftop Reflectors
Authors: Alasadi Habeeb , Choi Jun-Ki , Mulford Rydge B. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Photovoltaic (PV) panels installed on building rooftops yield a positive influence on the thermal performance of the building due to the shading of the PV panels, decreasing cooling loads while causing a smaller increase in heating loads. Additionally, the electrical power output of PV panels has been shown to be increased by including reflectors between PV rows, concentrating the solar flux onto the active portion of the panels. When implemented into the spaces between the rows of a roof-mounted PV array, reflectors might further improve the positive thermal effects of rooftop installed PV arrays. This work focuses on predicting rooftop heat flux and temperature for a building rooftop equipped with PV panels and reflectors. The saved energy load, additional energy load, PV power output, rooftop heat flux, and the utility factor (ratio of positive building energy impacts to negative building energy impacts) are reported parametrically for variations in the rooftop absorptivity and reflector area for three US locations. Utility factors of 375, 140, and 160 are found for Phoenix, AZ, Boise, ID, and Dayton, OH, respectively, for a reflector covering the full area between panels with a roof having a minimal absorptivity. A building in Phoenix, AZ exhibits a 15% increase in the utility factor of the PV-building system when reflectors are incorporated compared to a PV-building system without reflectors, while a building in Dayton, OH showed a 22% increase in utility factor when reflectors are included between the rows of a roof-mounted PV array.
Promoting Values-Informed Development in an Elite Dual-Career Endurance Athlete
Authors: Barnes Luke T. 
Published: October 2024

This case study reports a values-based intervention with an elite dual-career athlete over an intermittent 2-year time period. The longitudinal psychological support process (i.e., intake, needs analysis, case formulation, intervention, and evaluation) is reported, and practitioner reflections are provided at the end of the case study. The intervention focused on the client-led production of personal core values and the exploration of how these could inform the athlete’s behavior change and goal attainment in sport and other life areas. Monitoring and evaluation findings suggested effective integration of values within training and competition settings, based on the observation of client behaviors and qualitative feedback from the client and their coach. The case study seeks to emphasize the importance of practitioner adaptability in developing client-led, values-based interventions that aim to facilitate holistic athlete development.