bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
X chromosome drive in a widespread Palearctic woodland fly, Drosophila testacea
Authors: Keais G. L. , Hanson M. A. , Gowen B. E. , Perlman S. J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSelfish genes that bias their own transmission during meiosis can spread rapidly in populations, even if they contribute negatively to the fitness of their host. Driving X chromosomes provide a clear example of this type of selfish propagation. These chromosomes have important evolutionary and ecological consequences, and can be found in a broad range of taxa including plants, mammals and insects. Here, we report a new case of X chromosome drive (X drive) in a widespread woodland fly, Drosophila testacea. We show that males carrying the driving X (SR males) sire 80–100% female offspring and possess a diagnostic X chromosome haplotype that is perfectly associated with the sex ratio distortion phenotype. We find that the majority of sons produced by SR males are sterile and appear to lack a Y chromosome, suggesting that meiotic defects involving the Y chromosome may underlie X drive in this species. Abnormalities in sperm cysts of SR males reflect that some spermatids are failing to develop properly, confirming that drive is acting during gametogenesis. By screening wild‐caught flies using progeny sex ratios and a diagnostic marker, we demonstrate that the driving X is present in wild populations at a frequency of ~ 10% and that suppressors of drive are segregating in the same population. The testacea species group appears to be a hot spot for X drive, and D. testacea is a promising model to compare driving X chromosomes in closely related species, some of which may even be younger than the chromosomes themselves.
Psychodynamic Couple Therapy: A Practical Synthesis
Authors: Nielsen Arthur C. 
Published: April 2017

This essay reviews the most significant contributions of psychodynamic thought to the field of couple therapy. It distills the work of numerous clinicians and researchers who, though writing from diverse perspectives, share fundamental assumptions and concerns. Rather than emphasizing differences between schools of thought, this paper mines their best contributions in a discussion of five central therapeutic targets: underlying issues, divergent subjective experiences, transferences, projective identification, and acceptance. Two detailed cases illustrate the benefits and techniques for targeting these five therapeutic domains.Video Abstract is found in the online version of the article.
Development, validation and testing of a nursing home to emergency room transfer checklist
Authors: Tsai Hsiu‐Hsin , Tsai Yun‐Fang 
Published: April 2017

Aims and objectivesTo develop and test the feasibility of an instrument to support patients’ nursing home to emergency room transfer.BackgroundTransfers from a nursing home care facility to an acute care facility such as a hospital emergency room are common. However, the prevalence of an information gap for transferring residents’ health data to acute care facility is high. An evidence‐based transfer instrument, which could fill this gap, is lacking.DesignDevelopment of a nursing home to emergency room transfer checklist, validation of items using the Delphi method and testing the feasibility and benefits of using the nursing home to emergency room transfer checklist.MethodsItems were developed based on qualitative data from previous research. Delphi validation, retrospective chart review (baseline data) and a 6‐month prospective study design were applied to test the feasibility of using the checklist. Variables for testing the feasibility of the checklist included residents’ 30‐day readmission rate and length of hospital stay.ResultsDevelopment of the nursing home to emergency room transfer checklist resulted in four main parts: (i) demographic data of the nursing home resident; (ii) critical data for nursing home to emergency room transfer; (iii) contact information and (iv) critical data for emergency room to nursing home transfer. Two rounds of Delphi validation resulted in a mean score (standard deviation) ranging from 4.39 (1.13)–4.98 (.15). Time required to complete the checklist was 3–5 min. Use of the nursing home to emergency room transfer checklist resulted in a 30‐day readmission rate of 13.4%, which was lower than the baseline rate of 15.9%.ConclusionsThe nursing home to emergency room transfer checklist was developed for transferring nursing home residents to an emergency room. The instrument was found to be an effective tool for this process.Relevance to clinical practiceUse of the nursing home to emergency room transfer checklist for nursing home transfers could fill the information gap that exists when transferring older adults between facilities such as nursing homes and hospitals.
Spinal Arachnoid Diverticula: Outcome in 96 Medically or Surgically Treated Dogs
Authors: Mauler D.A. , De Decker S. , De Risio L. , Volk H.A. , Dennis R. , Gielen I. , Van der Vekens E. , Goethals K. , Van Ham L. 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundLittle is reported about the role of medical management in the treatment of spinal arachnoid diverticula (SAD) in dogs.ObjectivesTo describe the outcome of 96 dogs treated medically or surgically for SAD.AnimalsNinety‐six dogs with SAD.MethodsRetrospective case series. Medical records were searched for spinal arachnoid diverticula and all dogs with information on treatment were included. Outcome was assessed with a standardized questionnaire.ResultsFifty dogs were managed medically and 46 dogs were treated surgically. Dogs that underwent surgery were significantly younger than dogs that received medical management. No other variables, related to clinical presentation, were significantly different between both groups of dogs. The median follow‐up time was 16 months (1–90 months) in the medically treated and 23 months (1–94 months) in the surgically treated group. Of the 38 dogs treated surgically with available long‐term follow‐up, 82% (n = 31) improved, 3% (n = 1) remained stable and 16% (n = 6) deteriorated after surgery. Of the 37 dogs treated medically with available long‐term follow‐up, 30% (n = 11) improved, 30% (n = 11) remained stable, and 40% (n = 15) deteriorated. Surgical treatment was more often associated with clinical improvement compared to medical management (P = .0002).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe results of this study suggest that surgical treatment might be superior to medical treatment in the management of SAD in dogs. Further studies with standardized patient care are warranted.
Equity and career‐life balance in marine mammal science?
Authors: Hooker Sascha K. , Simmons Samantha E. , Stimpert Alison K. , McDonald Birgitte I. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIt is widely acknowledged that family and care‐giving responsibilities are driving women away from Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) fields. Marine mammal science often incurs heavy fieldwork and travel obligations, which make it a challenging career in which to find work‐life balance. This opinion piece explores gender equality, equity (the principles of fairness that lead to equality), and work‐life balance in science generally and in this field in particular. We aim to (1) raise awareness of these issues among members of the Society for Marine Mammalogy; (2) explore members’ attitudes and viewpoints collected from an online survey and further discussion at a biennial conference workshop in 2015; and (3) make suggestions for members to consider for action, or for the Board of Governors to consider in terms of changes to policy or procedures. Leaks in our pipeline—the attrition of women, and others with additional caring responsibilities—represent an intellectual and economic loss. By striving for equity and promoting work‐life balance, we will help to ensure a healthy and productive Society better able to succeed in its aims promoting education, high quality research, conservation, and management of marine mammals.
A new method for the production of sterile colonies of Lucilia sericata
Authors: GASZ N. E. , HARVEY M. L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMaggot debridement therapy (MDT) refers to the use of blowfly larvae to clean or debride an infected wound. Most commonly, larvae of Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) are used, and are sterilized prior to use to ensure no further bacterial infections are introduced during treatment. Current methods sterilize eggs from laboratory‐reared blowfly colonies, after which sterile early second instar maggots can be provided to hospitals for use in treatment. Maggots not required for treatment are used for colony regeneration, in which sterility is not maintained. The ability to maintain sterility beyond this would allow further research into fly–bacteria interactions and the effects of different bacteria on the blowfly lifecycle. This study aimed to produce a colony of sterile adults, using current egg sterilization practice, but maintaining sterility through to pupation and emergence. The production of a sterile colony allows further research into the impact of bacteria on fly development and survival. Eggs were placed on a sterile food source within autoclaved plant tissue culture containers to allow growth under sterile conditions. Nutrient agar plating of sterilized and non‐sterilized eggs, larvae and adults (post‐emergence), as well as the pupation medium and feed source in nutrient broth confirmed the aerobic sterility of all samples involved. The lifecycle of L. sericata was successfully completed through pupation to emergence with no effects on lifespan or oviposition by the newly emerged, sterile adult colony.
Hypocellular acute myeloid leukemia treated with bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Keino Dai , Kondoh Kensuke , Ohyama Ryo , Morimoto Mizuho , Mori Tetsuya , Ito Masafumi , Kinoshita Akitoshi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHypocellular acute myeloid leukemia (AML) mainly occurs in elderly patients, and is extremely rare in childhood. There is still no established treatment for hypocellular AML. We report the case of an 11‐year‐old boy with hypocellular AML who was treated successfully with allogenic bone marrow transplantation (allo‐BMT). He presented with fever, pallor and pancytopenia. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of hypocellular AML. Although low‐dose cytarabine induced reduction of blasts, it did not lead to complete remission. He subsequently received myeloablative conditioning and allo‐BMT. Graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis included short‐course methotrexate and cyclosporine. Neutrophil engraftment (>5 × 108/L) and platelet recovery (>10 × 1010/L) were achieved on days 13 and 27, respectively. He developed acute GVHD of the skin (grade 2), which responded well to treatment with prednisolone. He has remained in complete remission for 5 years since allo‐BMT. We consider allo‐BMT to be feasible for children with hypocellular AML.
Compassionate Deterrence: A Howard Government Legacy
Authors: McKay Fiona H. , Hall Lucy , Lippi Kehla 
Published: April 2017

Recent decades have seen issues of asylum seeking and border security feature heavily in Australian federal elections, with significant campaign time and money dedicated to the promotion of border security policies that seek to limit the number of boats carrying asylum seekers. In this article, we investigate the language of threat and the construction of asylum seekers as a “threat to national security,” we suggest that this language can be traced to the 2001 “Tampa crisis,” and that while there have been brief phases where a “humane” approach to the arrival of asylum seekers was present, the asylum seeker “issue” overall has been exploited by major political parties to generate positive election outcomes at the expense of Australia's humanitarian obligations. We argue that the current perception of Australia's border protection laws are a form of “compassionate deterrence,” where inhumane treatment of asylum seekers is justified on the basis of “saving lives.”Related Articles

Byrne, Jennifer. 2016. “.” Politics & Policy 44 (): 751‐782. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12169/full

Green, David, and
Yoshihiko Kadoya. 2015. “.” Politics & Policy 43 (): 59‐93. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12109/full

Silverman, Stephanie J. 2012. “‘.” Politics & Policy 40 (): 1131‐1157. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2012.00393.x/full
Informal care: choice or constraint?
Authors: Al‐Janabi Hareth , Carmichael Fiona , Oyebode Jan 
Published: April 2017

Background‘Choice’ is increasingly pursued as a goal of social policy. However, the degree to which choice is exercised when entering an informal caring role is open to debate.AimIn this study, we examined the degree of choice and constraint in entering a caring role, and the relationship between choice and carers’ well‐being.MethodsData were derived from 1100 responses to a postal survey conducted in a British city. Statistical tests of association and multivariable regression modelling were applied to study the factors associated with choice in entering a caring role and the association that choice in entering a caring role had with carers’ well‐being.ResultsWe found that informal care was generally perceived to be a free choice, albeit in most cases, a choice was also constrained by duty, financial or social resources. Having a sense of free choice in entering care was strongly and positively associated with the carer's well‐being.ConclusionThe study findings are consistent with a view that enabling individuals to have more choice in their caring roles may be beneficial.
Defining ‘Success’ of Local Citizens’ Initiatives in Maintaining Public Services in Rural Areas: A Professional's Perspective
Authors: de Haan Erzsi , Meier Sabine , Haartsen Tialda , Strijker Dirk 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn the shift towards the Big Society, it is widely proclaimed that citizen participation and citizens’ initiatives are indispensable to maintaining services that used to be run by local or regional governments. Despite the increased interest in citizens’ initiatives, research has scarcely debated what actually defines the success of such initiatives. Using focus group discussions, this study examined the meanings and norms collectively constructed by government officials and professionals regarding the success and failure of citizens’ initiatives in rural areas. Remarkably, we found that the professional perspective of successful citizens’ initiatives was not dominated by the achievement of actual policy targets or project goals, such as maintaining public services. Rather, an initiative was perceived as successful as long as citizens are continuously active and in charge. Arguably, this somewhat paternalistic professional view of successful citizens’ initiatives could be challenged by the volunteers in those initiatives.
Embodied learning: Teaching sexuality and religion to a changing student body
Authors: Ott Kate , Stephens Darryl W. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSexuality, more so than other subject areas, magnifies the embodied nature of teaching and learning as well as conspicuously silences open dialogue given its taboo status in many religious and theological contexts. Yet, student learning about sexuality that incorporates knowledge of and about religion, in particular, may greatly improve the public discourse about sexuality through our students as responsible citizens and as leaders in their chosen professions. To bridge this gap, through a year‐long collaboration, a group of professors and instructors with expertise and experience teaching sexuality and religion in a variety of disciplines and diverse institutional and religious contexts developed, tested, and refined classroom teaching strategies to shift from a content‐based “subject matter” to an embodied learning experience, resulting in perspective transformation as a primary student‐learning outcome. Findings in the form of “guiding questions,” encourage instructors to attend to contextual, experiential, and performative aspects of the classroom environment.
Fatal case of cutaneous‐sparing orolaryngeal zoster in a renal transplant recipient
Authors: Helou Elie , Grant Matthew , Landry Marie , Wu Xinyu , Morrow Jon S. , Malinis Maricar F. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHerpesvirus infections in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. We report a case of herpes zoster (HZ) in a kidney transplant recipient while receiving belatacept, a CTLA‐4 inhibitor that prevents acute rejection. The patient presented with oropharyngolaryngeal mucosal lesions that subsequently disseminated resulting in pneumonitis and meningo‐encephalitis. Very late‐onset HZ can occur and can present atypically in SOT recipients. Delayed recognition and treatment may result in poor outcomes, as illustrated by this case.
Acute encephalopathy in a 2‐year‐old pot‐bellied pig following accidental intoxication with clonazepam
Authors: Setlakwe Emilie L. , Johnson Amy L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a case of successful management of clonazepam toxicity causing encephalopathy in a pot‐bellied pig.Case SummaryA 2‐year‐old female pot‐bellied pig weighing 13.5 kg was presented for evaluation of clinical signs of acute encephalopathy. Based on the animal's history and clinical signs, a tentative diagnosis of benzodiazepine (BZP) intoxication was made. The results of a urinary drug screening test designed to detect illicit substances in human urine indicated benzodiazepine exposure. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis later confirmed clonazepam (urinary concentration 496 ng/mL) as the intoxicating substance. The pig responded favorably to treatment which included administration of flumazenil, decontamination with enteral activated charcoal, and intravenous isotonic crystalloid administration. The pig had a rapid improvement in mentation 10 minutes following IV flumazenil administration and was considered mentally appropriate following 24 hours of hospitalization. The pig was discharged from the hospital after 48 hours of care, and was reported to be doing well 6 months later.New Information ProvidedIntoxication with prescription benzodiazepines can occur in companion animals and result in clinical signs of acute encephalopathy. Urinary drug screening tests designed for human use may provide rapid results to indicate drug intoxication and guide therapeutic intervention in veterinary species. Administration of flumazenil resulted in a rapid improvement in mentation following clonazepam intoxication in a pot‐bellied pig.
Response and effect traits of arable weeds in agro‐ecosystems: a review of current knowledge
Authors: Gaba S , Perronne R , Fried G , Gardarin A , Bretagnolle F , Biju‐Duval L , Colbach N , Cordeau S , Fernández‐Aparicio M , Gauvrit C , Gibot‐Leclerc S , Guillemin J‐P , Moreau D , Munier‐Jolain N , Strbik F , Reboud X 
Published: April 2017

SummaryIntegrating principles of ecological intensification into weed management strategies requires an understanding of the many relationships among weeds, crops and other organisms of agro‐ecosystems in a changing context. Extensively used during the last two decades in weed science, trait‐based approaches have provided general insights into weed community response to agricultural practices, and recently to understanding the effect of weeds on agro‐ecosystem functioning. In this review, we provide a holistic synthesis of the current knowledge on weed response and effect functional traits. Based on the literature and recent advances in weed science, we review current knowledge on (i) weed functional groups and ecological strategies, (ii) weed functional response traits to cropping systems and (iii) weed functional effect traits affecting agro‐ecosystem functioning. For each functional trait, we explicitly present the assumptions and evidence on the linkage between trait values and ecological functions, in response to either management practices, for example tillage, sowing and herbicides, or biotic interactions, for example crop–weed competition and pollination. Finally, we address and discuss major research avenues that may significantly improve the use of traits and the knowledge of functional diversity in weed science for the future, especially to design and implement more environmentally sustainable weed management strategies.
Vasopressin casts light on the suprachiasmatic nucleus
Authors: Tsuji Takahiro , Allchorne Andrew J. , Zhang Meng , Tsuji Chiharu , Tobin Vicky A. , Pineda Rafael , Raftogianni Androniki , Stern Javier E. , Grinevich Valery , Leng Gareth , Ludwig Mike 
Published: April 2017

Key points
A subpopulation of retinal ganglion cells expresses the neuropeptide vasopressin.
These retinal ganglion cells project predominately to our biological clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN).
Light‐induced vasopressin release enhances the responses of SCN neurons to light.
It also enhances expression of genes involved in photo‐entrainment of biological rhythms.
AbstractIn all animals, the transition between night and day engages a host of physiological and behavioural rhythms. These rhythms depend not on the rods and cones of the retina, but on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) that detect the ambient light level in the environment. These project to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus to entrain circadian rhythms that are generated within the SCN. The neuropeptide vasopressin has an important role in this entrainment. Many SCN neurons express vasopressin, and it has been assumed that the role of vasopressin in the SCN reflects the activity of these cells. Here we show that vasopressin is also expressed in many retinal cells that project to the SCN. Light‐evoked vasopressin release contributes to the responses of SCN neurons to light, and enhances expression of the immediate early gene c‐fos in the SCN, which is involved in photic entrainment of circadian rhythms.
Microscale data to macroscale processes: a review of microcharacterization applied to mineral systems
Authors: Pearce Mark A. , Godel Bélinda M. , Fisher Louise A. , Schoneveld Louise E. , Cleverley James S. , Oliver Nicholas H. S. , Nugus Michael 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Microanalysis can provide rapid, quantitative characterization of mineral systems that complements the field- and core-scale observations traditionally made in ore deposits. We review recent innovations in microanalytical procedures and their application to studies of ore deposits. Case studies are presented examining how microanalysis can provide constraints on macroscopic processes within mineral systems. Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence shows centimetre-scale chemical variations associated with proximity to mineralization in samples from Sunrise Dam Gold Mine, Western Australia. Pseudomorphs of igneous plagioclase and chemically driven recrystallization interpreted from electron backscatter diffraction suggest that the system was dominated by fluid-driven brecciation with very little shearing. Both the fluid chemistry and fluid pressure evolved during a protracted sequence of vein formation and alteration accompanying gold mineralization. A second case study of sulphide mineralogy at the Mt Keith nickel sulphide deposit, Western Australia demonstrates how X-ray computed tomography combined with trace element mapping can constrain the chemistry and dynamics of magmatic systems. Large-scale interaction between silicate and sulphide melts, shown by homogenous palladium enrichment in pentlandite, leads to a large proportion of globular ores with a high nickel content. Increasing use of microanalysis in ore deposit geology is resulting in the constant reassessment of established models for ore genesis though a combination of micro- and macroscale datasets.