bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SUBRETINAL CANNULATION AS A COMPLICATION OF SUTURE TRABECULOTOMY SURGERY IN A PEDIATRIC PATIENT
Authors: Wise Justin , Toygar Okan , Corrêa Zélia M. , Miller Daniel M. , Sisk Robert A. 
Published: March 2016

Purpose:
To report a case of inadvertent subretinal cannulation of ab externo suture trabeculotomy surgery associated with serous macular detachment.

Methods:
Retrospective case report. Ophthalmic examination and portable spectral domain optical coherence tomography (Envisu C2300; Bioptogen, Morrisville, NC) were performed under general anesthesia.

Results:
A 5-year-old girl with uveitis secondary to oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis underwent trabeculotomy surgery of the left eye for steroid-induced glaucoma refractory to medical management. The surgery was complicated by inadvertent subretinal cannulation with the prolene suture. Multiple, arcuate, hypopigmented subretinal tracks, originating from the ora serrata, were observed. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography images through the macula revealed subretinal fluid overlying funduscopically visible tracks, defects in photoreceptor outer segments overlying the tracks, and normal choroidal anatomy. The serous macular detachment resolved spontaneously after 4 months and visual acuity returned to baseline 20/25 in the left eye, consistent with reversible localized damage to the outer retina and retinal pigment epithelium.

Conclusion:
We report a case of inadvertent subretinal cannulation during suture trabeculotomy surgery that resulted in serous macular detachment which resolved spontaneously. The inadvertent complication demonstrated a pathway for administration of therapeutics to the subretinal space.
TUBULOINTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS AND UVEITIS SYNDROME WITH A PRIMARY PRESENTATION OF ACUTE POSTERIOR MULTIFOCAL PLACOID PIGMENT EPITHELIOPATHY
Authors: Lee Andrew R. , Sharma Sumit , Mahmoud Tamer H. 
Published: March 2016

Purpose:
To report a case of tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome with a primary presentation of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy after use of lamotrigine.

Methods:
Retrospective case report with ultra-widefield fundus imaging, optical coherence tomography, and fluorescein angiography.

Results:
A 19-year-old woman presented with decreased visual acuity and acute renal failure after starting lamotrigine. Her examination demonstrated 1+ anterior chamber cell and numerous white deep retinal plaque-like lesions predominantly in the macula in both eyes. After extensive ophthalmic and systemic evaluation, the patient was diagnosed with tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome with a primary presentation of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy. She had excellent visual recovery with topical and systemic steroids.

Conclusion:
Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy is a rare but important clinical presentation of tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome. Oral corticosteroid treatment can be considered for tubulointerstitial nephritis but is generally not necessary for acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy.
SPONTANEOUS CLOSURE OF A LARGE STAGE III MACULAR HOLE AFTER PANRETINAL PHOTOCOAGULATION IN A PATIENT WITH SEVERE PROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
Authors: Kolomeyer Anton M. , Anetakis Alexander J. 
Published: March 2016

Purpose:
To report spontaneous closure of a tractional Stage III macular hole (MH) in a patient with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) after panretinal photocoagulation (PRP).

Methods:
Case report of a 43-year-old man with poorly controlled Type I diabetes and bilateral severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Results:
On presentation, visual acuity was 20/400 and fundus examination was significant for a Stage III tractional MH in the left eye. Vision in the right eye was light perception from neovascular glaucoma. Fluorescein angiography showed extremely severe macular and peripheral ischemia, disk neovascularization, and macular traction from fibroglial tissue. After 5 panretinal photocoagulation sessions over 3 months, the MH spontaneously closed; however, vision remained 20/400. Fluorescein angiography showed regressed disk neovascularization and mild diffuse macular leakage. After a 13-month loss to follow-up, he presented with 20/300 vision, and, despite extensive macular traction from fibroglial tissue, the MH remained closed. Owing to progressive traction from the fibroglial tissue, macular retinal detachment occurred and vision decreased to hand motions. The patient underwent pars plana vitrectomy, scar tissue removal, silicone oil tamponade, and laser. Postoperatively, visual acuity decreased to no light perception because of neovascular glaucoma complications and lack of proper follow-up.

Conclusion:
Spontaneous closure of a Stage III MH may occur in patients with PDR after PRP; however, it may not result in long-term visual improvement.
Highly accessible AU-rich regions in 3’ untranslated regions are hotspots for binding of proteins and miRNAs
Authors: Plass Mireya , Rasmussen Simon H. , Krogh Anders 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous short non-coding RNAs involved in the regulation of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level typically by promoting destabilization or translational repression of target RNAs. Sometimes this regulation is absent or different, which likely is the result of interactions with other post-transcriptional factors, particularly RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Despite the importance of the interactions between RBPs and miRNAs, little is known about how they affect post-transcriptional regulation in a global scale.ResultsIn this study, we have analyzed CLIP datasets of 49 RBPs in HEK293 cells with the aim of understanding the interplay between RBPs and miRNAs in post-transcriptional regulation. Our results show that RBPs bind preferentially in conserved regulatory hotspots that frequently contain miRNA target sites. This organization facilitates the competition and cooperation among RBPs and the regulation of miRNA target site accessibility. In some cases RBP enrichment on target sites correlates with miRNA expression, suggesting coordination between the regulatory factors. However, in most cases, competition among factors is the most plausible interpretation of our data. Upon AGO2 knockdown, transcripts that contain such hotspots that overlap target sites of expressed miRNAs in 3’UTRs are significantly less up-regulated than transcripts without them, suggesting that RBP binding limits miRNA accessibility.ConclusionsWe show that RBP binding is concentrated in regulatory hotspots in 3’UTRs. The presence of these hotspots facilitates the interaction among post-transcriptional regulators, that interact or compete with each other under different conditions. These hotspots are enriched in genes with regulatory functions such as DNA binding and RNA binding. Taken together, our results suggest that hotspots are important regulatory regions that define an extra layer of auto-regulatory control of post-transcriptional regulation.
Genetics of cortico-cerebellar expansion in anthropoid primates: a comparative approach
Authors: Harrison Peter W. , Montgomery Stephen H. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWhat adaptive changes in brain structure and function underpin the evolution of increased cognitive performance in humans and our close relatives? Identifying the genetic basis of brain evolution has become a major tool in answering this question. Numerous cases of positive selection, altered gene expression or gene duplication have been identified that may contribute to the evolution of the neocortex, which is widely assumed to play a predominant role in cognitive evolution. However, the neocortex co-evolves with other, functionally inter-dependent, regions of the brain, most notably the cerebellum. The cerebellum is linked to a range of cognitive tasks and expanded rapidly during hominoid evolution, independently of neocortex size. Here we demonstrate that, across primates, genes with known roles in cerebellum development are just as likely to be targeted by selection as genes linked to cortical development. In fact, cerebellum genes are more likely to have evolved adaptively during hominoid evolution, consistent with phenotypic data suggesting an accelerated rate of cerebellar expansion in apes. Finally, we present evidence that selection targeted genes with specific effects on either the neocortex or cerebellum, not both. This suggests cortico-cerebellar co-evolution is maintained by selection acting on independent developmental programs.
Adaptive divergence in brain composition between ecologically distinct incipient species
Authors: Montgomery Stephen H. , Merrill Richard M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDuring ecological speciation diverging populations are exposed to contrasting sensory and spatial information that present new behavioral and perceptive challenges. Here, we investigate how brain composition evolves during the early stages of speciation. The incipient species pair,Heliconius erato cyrbiaandH. himera, have parapatric ranges across an environmental and altitudinal gradient. Despite continuing gene-flow, these species have divergent ecological, behavioral and physiological traits. We demonstrate that these incipient species also differ significantly in brain composition, especially in the size of sensory structures.H. eratohas larger visual components whilstH. himerainvests more heavily in olfaction. These differences are not explained by environmentally-induced plasticity, but reflect non-allometric shifts in brain structure. Our results suggest the adaptive evolution of brain structure and function play an important role in facilitating the emergence of ecologically distinct species, and imply that plasticity alone may be insufficient to meet the demands of novel environments.
Marketing, economic growth, and competitive strategies of firms in Africa
Authors: Kuada John 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of marketing in the economic growth and competitive strategies of Sub-Sahara African firms. It also seeks to offer a backdrop for the papers in the present volume of AJEMS.

Design/methodology/approach
– It is based on a review of a selection of literature that highlights past and current perspectives of marketing’s contribution to economic growth and firm performance in developing economies.

Findings
– The review suggests that trade liberalization in African countries since the 1980s has changed the competitive landscape of firms located in these countries and has compelled them to develop market-oriented strategies in order to enhance their performance. But the strategies adopted tend to target the growing middle income segments of the population in the urban areas and to ignore the poor.

Originality/value
– It provides directions for future research into issues of inclusive marketing policies and strategies – i.e. strategies that embrace the bottom of the pyramid and transforms the production base of African economies.
Correlates of the determinants of relationship marketing in the retail sector: the Nigerian case
Authors: Izogo Ernest Emeka , Ogba Ike-Elechi , Nwekpa Kenneth Chukwuma 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore the linkages between the determinants of relationship marketing and the behavioural component of these determinants within a non-Western retail stores setting.

Design/methodology/approach
– A quantitative approach was employed, using 19-item, seven-point Likert scaled questionnaire administered to 350 participants with 67 per cent usable response rate. Data was analysed using exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach’s α internal consistency; correlation analysis and One-Way Analysis of Variance test.

Findings
– Trust-Quality services emerged as the most outstanding determinant of relationship marketing within the retail stores context followed by relational orientation, commitment and proximity. Quality services were found to have the most significant positive impact on trust whereas trust was found to have a strong positive impact on commitment. Relational orientation was found to have a strong positive impact on trust, commitment and quality services but proximity was found to be a docile factor determining commitment and relational orientation. Finally, consumers were identified as being more relationally oriented than retailers and all categories of consumers can be served with same blend of relationship marketing strategies.

Research limitations/implications
– Since findings could not be generalized across other sectors and regions, guides for testing the proposed research model are put forward.

Practical implications
– Relationship marketing implementation within the context of retail stores will be more successful if based on delivery of quality services. Consumers are also more likely to patronize closer than distant retail stores. As such, even if retail firms build strong trust, commitment and relational orientation with customers through quality services, consumers will still patronize stores that are closer to them more than stores in distant locations. Siting retail stores in locations with the largest pool of customers’ is therefore central to enhancing retail stores performance. All categories of customers could be served with same stream of relationship marketing strategies because designing different schemes of relationship marketing programmes for different customer categories were found to be counter-productive.

Originality/value
– This paper identified 16 attributes that are important to consumers under four dimensions: Trust-Quality services, relational orientation, commitment and proximity within the retail stores context. The findings are acknowledged to be unique because they emerged from a largely under-researched collectivistic emerging market where relationship marketing formation is key.
Service fairness and customer behavioural intention
Authors: Narteh Bedman 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between service fairness and behavioural intention and the moderating role of demographic variables among retail banking customers.Design/methodology/approach– A four-factor structure consisting of price, procedural, interaction and outcome fairness gleaned from the literature was adopted for the current study. This was used to survey 381 customers of 15 retail banks in Ghana. Exploratory factor analysis and hierarchical regression were used to analyse the hypothesized relationships among the factors.Findings– The paper found support for the existence of the four-factor structure of service fairness in the retail banking industry. The study also found that price, interaction, procedure and outcome fairness in order of importance significantly predict customer’s behavioural intention. In addition, age, education and income of customers were found to moderate the relationship between the dependent and independent variables.Practical implications– The focus of the study on Ghana and in the banking industry limits the generalizability of the findings. However, the four-factor structure identified could be replicated in other countries, thereby setting the stage for cross-country studies on service fairness in the retail banking industry.Originality/value– The paper extends the domain of the application of the four-factor structure of service fairness from restaurants to the retail banking industry. As such, it provides bank managers with a plausible framework on service fairness for managing relationship with customers in retail banks.
The determinants of service recovery in the retail industry
Authors: Crabbe Margaret J. , Acquaah Moses 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– Service recovery strategies are efforts used by organizations to bring back dissatisfied customers to a state of satisfaction with the organization. It has been argued that successful service recovery by organizations is dependent on the effectiveness of front line employees. The purpose of this paper is to examine a model of service recovery performance (SRP) of front line employees in the retail industry in Ghana.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study uses personally administered survey data collected from 136 employees in 20 micro and small retail enterprises in Ghana. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis is used to test the direct and interactive effects of organizational variables such as perceived managerial attitudes and work environment factors on the SRP of front line employees.

Findings
– The findings indicate that the SRP is influenced by employee empowerment, interaction between customer service orientation and empowerment, interaction between customer service orientation and training for customer service excellence, and the interaction between empowerment and training for customer service excellence.

Research limitations/implications
– Focussing only on the antecedents of SRP, and using cross-sectional data based on the self-assessments of the front line employees from one country.

Practical implications
– Empowering front line employees to deal with service failures should be combined with training them in job related and behavioral skills to attend to the needs of customers. Moreover, it is critical to combine perceived customer service orientation with training front line employees in job related and behavioral skills.

Originality/value
– First study to examine the antecedents of SRP of front line employees in a sub-Saharan African environment. Moreover, study examines the interactive effects of organizational and work environment variables on SRP.
Design of synchronous reluctance and permanent magnet synchronous reluctance machines for electric vehicle application
Authors: Guan Y. , Zhu Z.Q. , Afinowi I.A.A. , Mipo J.C. , Farah P. 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to minimize the optimization parameter number of synchronous reluctance machine (SynRM) and permanent magnet (PM) assisted SynRM, and compare their relative merits with interior permanent magnet (IPM) machine for electric vehicle applications, in terms of electromagnetic performance and material cost.

Design/methodology/approach
– The analysis of electromagnetic performance is based on finite element analysis, by using software MAXWELL. The genetic algorithm is utilized for optimization.

Findings
– The rotor design of SynRM can be significantly simplified by imposing some reasonable conditions. The number of rotor design parameters can be reduced to three. The electromagnetic performance of SynRM is much poorer than that of IPM, although the material cost is much cheaper, approximately one-third of IPM. The ferrite-SynRM is competitive and even better than IPM especially for high electric loading, in terms of torque capability, torque-speed characteristic, power factor, threshold speed and efficiency. In addition, ferrite-assisted SynRM has great advantage over IPM in material cost, 55 percent cheaper. The performance of NdFeB-assisted SynRM is close to IPM in terms of torque capability, torque-speed characteristic, power factor, torque ripple and efficiency. The material cost of NdFeB-assisted SynRM is ∼25 percent lower than IPM.

Originality/value
– Some conditions, which can simplify the optimization of SynRM rotor, are discussed. The electromagnetic performances and material costs of SynRM, ferrite-assisted, NdFeB-assisted SynRMs and IPM are quantitatively compared and discussed.
Switched-flux machines with hybrid NdFeB and ferrite magnets
Authors: Afinowi I.A.A. , Zhu Z.Q. , Guan Y. , Mipo Jean-Claude , Farah P. 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to comparatively study the conventional, i.e. single magnet, and novel hybrid-magnet switched-flux permanent-magnet (HMSFPM) machines.

Design/methodology/approach
– The HMSFPM machines utilize two magnet types, i.e. low-cost ferrites and NdFeB. Thus, a set of magnet ratios (?), defined as the quotient of the NdFeB volume to the total PM volume, is introduced. This allows any desired performance and cost trade-off to be designed. Series- and parallel-excited magnet configurations are investigated using 2-dimensional finite element analysis.

Findings
– The torque of the HMSFPM machines is lower than the NdFeB SFPM machine but the flux-weakening performance is improved for similar machine efficiency. If the machine dimensions are unconstrained, the HMSFPM machines can have the same torque for reduced material costs and a moderate increase in machine dimensions. Ferrite SFPM machines have the lowest cost for the same torque but a significant increase in machine dimensions is required. Finally, the series-excited HMSFPM machine is the preferred over the parallel-excited HMSFPM machine because it has superior demagnetization withstand capability.

Research limitations/implications
– Mechanical and winding eddy current losses are not considered in the efficiency map calculations.

Originality/value
– The NdFeB SFPM, ferrite SFPM, series-excited HMSFPM, and the parallel-excited HMSFPM machines are compared for their electromagnetic performance, flux-weakening, PM demagnetization, efficiency, and material costs.
Research on yokeless double-sided multi-tooth flux-switching linear motor
Authors: Lu Qinfen , Li Huanwen , Huang Xiaoyan , Ye Yunyue 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– Due to the advantages of direct driven, high thrust density, and high efficiency, flux-switching linear motor (FSLM) is required for many applications, including aerospace and automotive. However, the vibration caused by detent force and difficulties in the assembly produced by the large normal force become the barriers that restrict its development. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– In order to improve the electromagnetic performance of double-sided multi-tooth FSLM (DMTFSLM), a yokeless DMTFSLM with moving primary is proposed and compared with normal DMTFSLM. Moreover, with theoretical analysis, the selection principle of slot-pole number combination is obtained. DMTFSLMs with four slot/pole combinations, 6s/16p, 6s/17p, 6s/19p, 6s/20p, are analyzed based on finite element analysis model. Finally, several parameters of this yokeless DMTFSLM have been optimized to obtain the better performance.

Findings
– In yokeless DMTFSLM, it is found that the asymmetry of Back-EMF caused by the end-effect is eliminated, which leads to a better thrust force performance in comparison with the normal structure. The small attractive force between the secondary and the primary makes it easier for assembly and also can reduce the friction, which is more suitable for high-speed application. In addition, the best slot-pole combination rule is found through a simple theoretical analysis.

Originality/value
– The yokeless DMTFSLM has excellent electromagnetic performance, such as high thrust density, negligible normal force, and small force ripple. It is a strong candidate for high-precision device.