bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of diabetes among patients diagnosed with periodontitis: A retrospective cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ziukaite L , Slot DE , Cobb CM , Coucke W , Van der Weijden GA 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of diabetes among patients with periodontitis and to evaluate whether diabetes is related to extent and severity of periodontitis.MethodThis is a retrospective study of data observed over a 10‐year period in patients referred to a specialized clinic for periodontology in the Netherlands. Patients received at the intake appointment a full‐mouth periodontal examination, and based on the clinical data, patients were classified with respect to extent and severity of periodontitis. In addition, the prevalence of diabetes was recorded, based on self‐report.ResultsA total of 5375 periodontitis patients were included in the study sample (mean age of 50 years). The prevalence of diabetes in this patient sample was 3.7% (n=192). No relation between diabetes and extent or severity of periodontitis could be established.ConclusionThe prevalence of diabetes in a predominantly “controlled” diabetic population was not related to the extent and/or severity of periodontitis along with the finding that the prevalence was lower than the national diabetes prevalence in the Netherlands.
Ferroelectric and magnetic properties in (1−x)BiFeO3–x(0.5CaTiO3–0.5SmFeO3) ceramics
Authors: Liu Juan , Liu Xiao Qiang , Chen Xiang Ming 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMultiferroic ceramics were prepared and characterized in (1−x)BiFeO3–x(0.5CaTiO3–0.5SmFeO3) system by a standard solid‐state reaction process. The structure evolution was investigated by X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectrum analyses. The refinement results confirmed the different phase assemblages with varying amounts of polar rhombohedral R3c and nonpolar orthorhombic Pbnm as a function of the substitution content. In the compositions range of 0.2≤x≤0.5, polar R3c and nonpolar Pbnm coexisted, which was referred to polar‐to‐nonpolar morphotropic phase boundary (MPB). According to the dielectric and DSC analysis results, the ceramics with x≤0.2 changed to diffused ferroelectric, and the ferroelectric properties were enhanced significantly. Two dielectric relaxations were detected in the temperature range of 200‐300 K and 500‐700 K, respectively. The high‐temperature dielectric relaxation was attributed to the grain‐boundary effects. While the low temperature dielectric relaxation obtained in the samples with x=0.3‐0.5 was related to the charge transfer between Fe2+ and Fe3+. The magnetic hysteresis loops measured at different temperature indicated the enhanced magnetic properties in the present ceramics, which could be attributed to the suppressed cycloidal spin magnetic structure by Ti ions. In addition, the rare‐earth Sm spin moments might also affect the magnetic properties at relatively lower temperature.
Tunability of form birefringence induced by femtosecond laser irradiation in anion‐doped silica glass
Authors: Shimotsuma Yasuhiko , Kubota Sho , Murata Atsushi , Kurita Torataro , Sakakura Masaaki , Miura Kiyotka , Lancry Matthieu , Poumellec Bertrand 
Published: May 2017

AbstractForm birefringence originating from self‐assembly of the bulk nanograting structures in silica glass with various anion dopants (OH, Cl and F) was induced by the femtosecond laser pulses. Despite the almost similar nanostructure, the photo‐induced birefringence can be changed by the anion dopants in glass. Larger birefringence can be induced in silica glass doped with higher Cl ion concentration. Even if F‐doped silica glass indicates lower thermal stability, its lifetime could be evaluated to be at least several billion years.
Insulating characteristics of zinc niobium borate glass‐ceramics
Authors: Siva Sesha Reddy Annapureddy , Ingram Adam , Brik Mikhail G. , Kostrzewa Marek , Bragiel Piotr , Ravi Kumar Vandana , Veeraiah Nalluri 
Published: May 2017

AbstractZinc borate glasses with different concentrations of Nb2O5 were prepared and later were heat treated for prolonged times. Prepared samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, DSC, IR and optical transmission spectroscopy techniques. Later, dielectric properties viz., dielectric constant, loss tangent, electric modulii, electrical impedance and a.c. conductivity over wide ranges of frequency and temperature, were investigated as a function of Nb2O5 concentration. Finally, the dielectric breakdown strength was measured in air medium at ambient temperature. The results of characterization techniques viz., XRD, SEM and DSC indicated that multiple crystal grains (with sizes varying from 0.1 to 1 μm) are dispersed in the residual glass phase. The concentration of crystal grains found to increase with increase in Nb2O5 content. The XRD studies have further revealed that the bulk samples are composed of columbite ZnNb2O6 crystal phases. Using generalized gradient approximation (GGA) quantitative information on these crystal phases viz., the lattice parameters, optical band gap and band structure were evaluated. The analysis of results of IR spectral studies have indicated that there is an increasing degree of polymerization of glass network with increase in Nb2O5 content due to the increased connectivity between various structural groups in the glass network. The optical absorption spectra indicated an increase in optical transmittance of the bulk samples with increase in Nb2O5 content. The dielectric parameters are observed to decrease, whereas the dielectric breakdown strength is observed to increase to a large extent due to the crystallization of the glass with the Nb2O5. The increase is attributed to the formation of ZnNb2O6 crystalline phases that contain intertwined ZnO6 and NbO6 structural units. As a whole, zinc borate glasses exhibited a significant increase in the electrical insulating strength due to the crystallization with Nb2O5 as the crystallizing agent. Further, the value of dielectric constant is also found to be the optimal with no dispersion with frequency up to 450 K. Overall, the studied glass‐ceramics meet the necessary physical conditions to be used as insulating layers in the display panels and hence may be considered for such applications.
Electrical conductivity and defect disorder of tantalum‐doped TiO2
Authors: Alim Mohammad A. , Bak Tadeusz , Atanacio Armand , Plessis Johan Du , Zhou Meifang , Davis Joel , Nowotny Janusz 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe present work reports the electrical properties of polycrystalline Ta‐doped TiO2 (0.39 at.% Ta) determined in situ at elevated temperatures (1173‐1323 K) in the gas phase of controlled oxygen activity (10−12 Pa to 105 Pa). The effect of oxygen activity on the electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power of TiO2 is discussed in terms of defect disorder, including (1) the intrinsic electronic disorder that is governed by electronic compensation in the strongly reducing regime, (2) the extrinsic electronic disorder that is governed by electronic charge compensation in the reducing regime, and (3) the extrinsic ionic disorder that is governed by ionic compensation in the oxidizing regime. It is shown that tantalum ions are incorporated into the titanium sublattice of TiO2 leading to the formation of donor‐type energy levels. The Arrhenius‐type plot of the electrical conductivity data leads to the determination of the formation enthalpy terms. The obtained results are considered in terms of the effect of tantalum and oxygen activity on the defect disorder and the associated key performance‐related properties in the light‐induced partial water oxidation.
Ethical considerations for involving Latina adolescents in mental health research
Authors: McCord Allison L. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTopicUS Latina adolescents experience significant mental health disparities, such as depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation and, therefore, should be involved in research studies focused on minimizing these health disparities. However, researchers must consider the specific ways this population is vulnerable and provide adequate protections to reduce risks related to these vulnerabilities.PurposeThe purpose of this article is to describe the different ways that Latina adolescents with mental health problems can be vulnerable research participants, identify strategies to protect this population during a research study, and describe steps taken to apply these strategies in an ongoing qualitative study examining depression in Latina adolescents.Sources UsedKipnis's (2003) article describes seven ways that children can be vulnerable research participants. These seven vulnerabilities are used to describe the vulnerabilities of Latina adolescents with mental health problems. Specific strategies to protect this population are synthesized to provide a list of strategies that can be used by researchers to reduce the risks associated with the vulnerabilities of this group.ConclusionsIn order to minimize risks for Latina adolescents, researchers must be engaged in Latino/a communities, use culturally and linguistically appropriate consent processes, and implement strategies to protect the confidentiality of Latina adolescent participants.
Understanding Perceptions of School Administrators Related to School Breakfast in a Low School Breakfast Participation State
Authors: Askelson Natoshia M. , Golembiewski Elizabeth H. , Bobst Ann , Delger Patti J. , Scheidel Carrie A. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe National School Breakfast Program (SBP) is a federally funded program that allows states to offer nutritious breakfast to K‐12 students. However, rates of SBP participation are low in some rural states, and the reasons are not well understood. The purpose of the study was to explore administrators' perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs related to the SBP, and factors they identify as barriers or facilitators to increased participation.METHODSData were collected from a cross‐sectional, online survey of K‐12 school administrators (N = 152) in a rural, midsized Midwestern state fielded over an academic year. Descriptive statistics were calculated and open‐ended questions were coded and analyzed for relevant themes.RESULTSAdministrators identified busing schedules, time constraints, and a lack of flexibility within the school schedule to accommodate breakfast as primary structural barriers to SBP participation. Administrators described family‐centered norms as reasons for low participation in rural areas. Administrators are at varying stages of readiness to work on improving participation.CONCLUSIONSLow SBP participation can be explained in part by a convergence of factors related to access, community norms, and structural barriers. Results may be used to inform ways in which administrators at the state, district, and school level can work to increase participation.
Phytochemical and biological studies of Atriplex inflata f. Muell.: isolation of secondary bioactive metabolites
Authors: Ben Nejma Aymen , Znati Mansour , Nguir Asma , Daich Adam , Othman Mohamed , Lawson Ata Martin , Ben Jannet Hichem 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Objectives
This work describes the phytochemical and biological investigation of the Tunisian Atriplex inflata F. Muell (Chenopodiaceae).

Methods
Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D NMR and 2D NMR, ESI-HRMS and comparison with available literature data. The isolates were evaluated for their antioxidant activity by the DPPH•, ABTS+•, Fe3+ and catalase assays and also for their antibacterial and anticholinesterase activity.

Key findings
The chemical study of Atriplex inflata F. Muell led to the isolation of two fatty acids (9E)-methyl-8,11,12-trihydroxyoctadec-9-enoate 1 and (9E)-8,11,12-trihydroxyoctadecenoic acid 2 together with (Z)-litchiol B 3 and 20-hydroxyecdysone 4. Three of which are reported here for the first time in Atriplex genus. Based on the biosynthesis of hydroxylated arachidonic acid and derivatives, a plausible biogenesis pathway of the two fatty acids (1 and 2) was proposed. (Z)-litchiol B (3) was found to be the most active against Staphylococcus aureus. According to the literature, this is the first time that compounds 1, 2 and 3 were tested for their eventual biological activity.

Conclusions
In the results of the present work, we have proposed the biogenesis pathway of unsaturated fatty acid and described the structure–activity relationship.
Computational fluid dynamics as a tool for testing functional and ecological hypotheses in fossil taxa
Authors: Rahman Imran A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractComputational fluid dynamics is a method for simulating fluid flows that has been widely used in engineering for decades, and which also has applications for studying function and ecology in fossil taxa. However, despite the possible benefits of this approach, computational fluid dynamics has been used only rarely in palaeontology to date. The theoretical basis underlying the technique is outlined and the main steps involved in carrying out computer simulations of fluid flows are detailed. I also describe previous studies that have applied the method to fossils and discuss their potential for informing future research directions in palaeontology. Computational fluid dynamics can enable large‐scale comparative analyses, as well as exacting tests of hypotheses related to the function and ecology of ancient organisms. In this way, it could transform our understanding of many extinct fossil groups.
Differences in neural responses to reward and punishment processing between anorexia nervosa subtypes: An fMRI study
Authors: Murao Ema , Sugihara Genichi , Isobe Masanori , Noda Tomomi , Kawabata Michiko , Matsukawa Noriko , Takahashi Hidehiko , Murai Toshiya , Noma Shun'ichi 
Published: May 2017

AimAnorexia nervosa (AN) includes the restricting (AN‐r) and binge‐eating/purging (AN‐bp) subtypes, which have been reported to differ regarding their underlying pathophysiologies as well as their behavioral patterns. However, the differences in neural mechanisms of reward systems between AN subtypes remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to explore differences in the neural processing of reward and punishment between AN subtypes.MethodsTwenty‐three female patients with AN (11 AN‐r and 12 AN‐bp) and 20 healthy women underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a monetary incentive delay task. Whole‐brain one‐way analysis of variance was conducted to test between‐group differences.ResultsThere were significant group differences in brain activation in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex and right posterior insula during loss anticipation, with increased brain activation in the AN‐bp group relative to the AN‐r and healthy women groups. No significant differences were found during gain anticipation.ConclusionAN‐bp patients showed altered neural responses to punishment in brain regions implicated in emotional arousal. Our findings suggest that individuals with AN‐bp are more sensitive to potential punishment than individuals with AN‐r and healthy individuals at the neural level. The present study provides preliminary evidence that there are neurobiological differences between AN subtypes with regard to the reward system, especially punishment processing.
Urban Pressures and Innovations: Sustainability Commitment in the Face of Fragmentation and Inequality
Authors: Deslatte Aaron , Feiock Richard C. , Wassel Kathryn 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLocal government innovations occur within environments characterized by high service‐need complexity and risk. The question of how broader environmental conditions influence governmental willingness or ability to innovate has been a long‐standing concern within organizational, management, and policy scholarship. Although wealth and education are robust predictors of the propensity to engage in a wide range of local sustainability activities, the linkages among governmental fragmentation, social inequality, and sustainability policies are not well understood. This study focuses on the conditions both within and across city boundaries in urban regions which inhibit adoption of sustainable development innovations. We utilize a Bayesian item response theory approach to create a new scale measuring sustainability commitment by local governments in the United States. The analysis finds service‐need complexity and capacity within local governments' organizational task environments have nonlinear influences on innovation in terms of both green building and social inclusion policy tools.
Brokers and Entrepreneurs in Human Stem Cell Governance Networks in the United States
Authors: Ireni‐Saban Liza , Borohowitch Eldad 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe policy debate over embryonic stem cell (ESC) research in the United States mainly focuses on the extent to which the government ought to provide resources for that research. This article addresses the strategic use of network positions to mobilize an effective coordination system for lifting the moratorium on funding of ESC under the Obama administration since March 2009. By identifying patterns of interactions between members in a network of embedded ties, we can explore the major actors who play the role of brokers or entrepreneurs in stem cell research funding policy under the Obama administration. For that, this article utilizes social network analysis and the G&F brokerage roles framework to identify key brokers in facilitating coordination among various members engaged in funding human stem cell research in the governance network.
A Concurrent Analysis of Three Institutions that Transform Health Technology‐Based Ventures: Economic Policy, Capital Investment, and Market Approval
Authors: Lehoux Pascale , Daudelin Geneviève , Denis Jean‐Louis , Miller Fiona A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDrawing on institutional theory, this article articulates qualitative insights from a program of research on Canadian health technology‐based ventures to examine the rules that characterize economic policy, capital investment, and regulatory approval as well as the way these institutions enable and constrain the development of ventures at an early stage. Our findings clarify how economic policy integrates these ventures into the entrepreneurial domain, how capital investment configures them for economic value extraction, and how regulatory approval fully releases their market value. These findings help to revisit current policy modernization initiatives by calling attention to the convergence among the three institutions. Rather than operating solely as a source of constraints, these institutions provide a highly integrated market‐oriented space for health technology‐based entrepreneurial activities to unfold.
‘Farming on the Edge’: Wellbeing and Participation in Agri‐Environmental Schemes
Authors: Saxby Heidi , Gkartzios Menelaos , Scott Karen 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis article investigates aspects of farmers’ wellbeing in the context of their participation in an agro‐environmental scheme (AES), the North Yorkshire Cornfield Flowers Project (CFP) in the North East of England. Recent developments in wellbeing studies have informed data collection and analysis. Ethnographic data was gathered via observation, field notes and semi‐structured interviews with farmers and non‐farmer volunteers. The article discusses how farmers’ social activity, identity, status and place belonging are enhanced through participation in CFP, and how this might promote their continued AES work. Recognising the potential for AES participation to enhance farmer's wellbeing may demonstrate added value of AES and strengthen the argument for AES funding once the UK leaves the European Union. There is currently little existing evidence in the literature to support this since with only a few exceptions, wellbeing has been characteristically neglected in rural studies research.
Video‐assisted thoracic surgery for the management of pyothorax in dogs: 14 cases
Authors: Scott Jacqueline , Singh Ameet , Monnet Eric , Coleman Kristin A. , Runge Jeffrey J. , Case Joseph Brad , Mayhew Philipp D. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo report the perioperative findings and outcome of dogs undergoing video‐assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) for the management of pyothorax.DesignMulti‐institutional, retrospective study.AnimalsClient‐owned dogs (n = 14).MethodsMedical records of dogs with pyothorax managed via VATS were reviewed for signalment, history, clinical signs, clinicopathological findings, diagnostic imaging results, surgical variables, bacterial culture and sensitivity results, post‐operative management and outcome. VATS was performed after placing a paraxyphoid endoscopic portal and 2‐3 intercostal instrument portals. VATS exploration was followed by one or more of the following: mediastinal debridement, tissue sampling, pleural lavage, and placement of a thoracostomy tube.ResultsTwo dogs (14%) required conversion from VATS to an open thoracotomy to completely resect proliferative mediastinal tissue. These dogs had severe pleural effusion on preoperative thoracic radiographs and one had severely thickened contrast‐enhancing mediastinum on preoperative computed tomography (CT). The cause of pyothorax was identified as a penetrating gastric foreign body (n = 2), migrating plant material (n = 2), and idiopathic (n = 10). The median follow‐up time was 143 days (range, 14‐2402 days). All dogs were discharged from the hospital and their clinical signs resolved. One patient had recurrence of a pyothorax requiring revision surgery 17 months postoperatively.ConclusionVATS allows minimally invasive treatment of uncomplicated canine pyothorax. Preoperative thoracic CT may help identify candidates for VATS among dogs with pyothorax.
The Effects of Maximally Achievable Cycling Cadence on Carbohydrate Management at Moderate and Heavy Exercise Intensity
Authors: Beneke Ralph , Weber Tobias G.J. , Leithäuser Renate M. 
Published: May 2017

Effects of different cycling cadences (revolutions/min [rpm]) on metabolic rate, blood lactate concentration (BLC), and reliance on carbohydrate (CHO) defined as the fraction of oxygen uptake used for CHO oxidation (relCHO) are highly individual. Whether this depends on the individually maximal achievable rpm obtained at minimized cycling resistance (rpmmax) is unknown. The authors tested the hypotheses that the individual freely chosen rpm in an incremental cycle-ergometer test (ILT) and relCHO at given BLC levels both depend on rpmmax. Seven master cyclists and 8 not specifically trained leisure athletes performed an ILT at individually freely chosen rpm and an rpmmax test. Respiratory data and BLC were measured; relCHO was plotted as a function of the BLC for the determinations of the individual BLC at relCHO of 75% and 95% (BLC75% and BLC95%). With 16.7%, the between-subjects variability of individual rpm was high but independent from rpmmax. In the master athletes, rpmmax explained 59.3% and 95.2% of BLC75% (P = .043) and BLC95% (P = .001), respectively. Irrespective of cycling experience, the individually preferred average rpm at submaximal stages of an ILT is highly variable and independent of rpmmax. In experienced cyclists, carbohydrate management defined as the ratio between substrate availability as indicated by BLC and relCHO depends on rpmmax.