bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Longitudinal Study of Physical Fitness in Elite Junior Tennis Players
Authors: Kramer Tamara , Huijgen Barbara C.H. , Elferink-Gemser Marije T. , Visscher Chris 
Published: October 2016

Purpose:To analyze how physical fitness (PF) improves in elite junior tennis players related to age, maturity, and performance level.Methods:Elite junior tennis players (n = 113 boys, n = 83 girls) divided by performance level were monitored longitudinally from U14 to U16. Maturity, upper and lower-body power, speed, and agility were measured during subsequent competitive seasons. Improvement was analyzed per sex using multilevel analysis.Results:PF components for boys and girls improved over age (U14-U16) (ES .53–.97). In boys, the more mature boys outscored the less mature boys in upper and lower-body power from U14-U16. In girls, high-ranked girls outscored lower-ranked girls on lower-body power, speed, and agility (U14-U16) (p < .05).Conclusion:Boys and girls improved on all PF components during U14-U16. In boys, power was related to maturity. In girls, lower-body power, speed, and agility were related to tennis performance. This has important implications for talent development.
Validity of Skinfold Equations, Against Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry, in Predicting Body Composition in Adolescent Pentathletes
Authors: Fonseca-Junior Sidnei Jorge , Oliveira Aldair J. , Loureiro Luiz Lannes , Pierucci Anna Paola Trindade 
Published: October 2016

Purpose:Body composition of adolescent athletes is often evaluated scientifically and in sports by using reference equations developed from nonathlete adolescent populations. The aim of this study was to analyze the validity of predictive equations based on skinfold measurements, as compared with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), to estimate body fat in adolescent modern pentathlon athletes.Methods:51 athletes, 27 male (mean age = 15.1 years; standard deviation, SD = 1.5 years) and 24 female (mean age = 14.2 years; SD = 2.5 years), were assessed using DXA, anthropometric parameters, sports practice anamnesis, and pubertal stages. Agreement between methods was tested with boxplots of mean comparisons using Student’s t test (p < .05), and Bland-Altman plots.Results:The body density equations of Durnin & Rahaman (1967) and Durnin & Womersley (1974) showed better agreement with DXA than the other predictive equations, for both females (difference between means=-2.03; 2SD = 8.44) and males (difference between means = 0.98; 2SD = 7.30). There were no mean differences between these equations and the reference method (DXA; p > .05), but they did display high variability (2SD).Conclusion:The high variability among results indicated imprecision. Predictive skinfold equations developed for nonathlete adolescents do not offer good validity for modern adolescent pentathlon athletes, and should be avoided.
Can Motor Proficiency in Preschool Age Affect Physical Activity in Adolescence?
Authors: Venetsanou Fotini , Kambas Antonis 
Published: October 2016

Background:This study investigated if motor proficiency (MP) in preschool age associate with physical activity (PA) in adolescence.Methods:In 2004, the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-Short Form (BOTMP-SF) (7) was administered to 413 children, aged 4–6 years, who were classified to MP groups according to their BOTMP-SF total score (TS). In 2014, the PA of 106 former participants (47 boys, 59 girls) was measured with Omron pedometers. MP [three (high; above average; average)] × gender (two) ANOVA and Bonferroni tests were computed on average of steps/week.Results:A significant interaction between the two factors was revealed (F = 15.27, p < .001, η2=.153), indicating that MP influenced male and female PA differently. Only in average MP group, males presented higher PA than females, whereas there were no differences between the two genders in the higher MP groups. Moreover, the only significant difference in PA among male groups was that between high and above average MP groups, while in females there were significant differences among all groups.Conclusion:High MP at preschool age positively associated with the PA in adolescence, especially in females. Emphasis on the development of proficient young movers might be beneficial for lifelong PA.
Phosphorylation of Golgi Peripheral Membrane Protein Grasp65 Is an Integral Step in the Formation of the Human Cytomegalovirus Cytoplasmic Assembly Compartment
Authors: Rebmann G. Michael , Grabski Robert , Sanchez Veronica , Britt William J. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the largest member of the Herpesviridae and represents a significant cause of disease. During virus replication, HCMV alters cellular functions to facilitate its replication, including significant reorganization of the secretory and endocytic pathways of the infected cell. A defining morphologic change of the infected cell is the formation of a membranous structure in the cytoplasm that is designated the virion assembly compartment (AC), which consists of virion structural proteins surrounded by cellular membranes. The loss of normal Golgi compartment morphology and its relocalization from a juxtanuclear ribbonlike structure to a series of concentric rings on the periphery of the AC represents a readily recognized reorganization of cellular membranes in the HCMV-infected cell. Although trafficking of viral proteins to this compartment is required for the assembly of infectious virions, the functional significance of the reorganization of intracellular membranes like the Golgi membranes into the AC in the assembly of infectious virus remains understudied. In this study, we determined that Golgi membrane ribbon fragmentation increased during the early cytoplasmic phase of virion assembly and that Golgi membrane fragmentation in infected cells was dependent on the phosphorylation of an integral
cis-
Golgi protein, Grasp65. Inhibition of Golgi membrane fragmentation and of its reorganization into the AC resulted in decreased production of infectious particles and alteration of the incorporation of an essential protein into the envelope of the mature virion. These results demonstrated the complexity of the virus-host cell interactions required for efficient assembly of this large DNA virus.

IMPORTANCE
The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-induced reorganization of intracellular membranes that is required for the formation of the viral assembly compartment (AC) has been an area of study over the last 20 years. The significance of this virus-induced structure has been evinced by the results of several studies which showed that relocalization of viral proteins to the AC was required for efficient assembly of infectious virus. In this study, we have identified a mechanism for the fragmentation of the Golgi ribbon in the infected cell
en route
to AC morphogenesis. Identification of this fundamental process during HCMV replication allowed us to propose that the functional role of Golgi membrane reorganization during HCMV infection was the concentration of viral structural proteins and subviral structures into a single intracellular compartment in order to facilitate efficient protein-protein interactions and the virion protein trafficking required for the assembly of this large and structurally complex virus.
Wormhole solutions in f(R) gravity satisfying energy conditions
Authors: Mazharimousavi S. Habib , Halilsoy M. 
Published: October 2016

Without reference to exotic sources construction of viable wormholes in Einstein’s general relativity remained ever a myth. With the advent of modified theories, however, specifically the f(R) theory, new hopes arose for the possibility of such objects. From this token, we construct traversable wormholes in f(R) theory supported by a fluid source which respects at least the weak energy conditions. We provide an example (Example 1) of asymptotically flat wormhole in f(R) gravity without ghosts.
Pressure-dependent structural, electronic and optical properties of ZnO with native defect: A first-principles study
Authors: Hu Yonghong , Mao Caixia , Zhang Shengli , Cai Bo 
Published: October 2016

Defects are usually unavoidable in lattices and have great impacts on the electronic structures, which can also be adjusted by pressure. Here, we report a systemic first-principles investigation on the pressure-dependent electronic and optical properties of wurtzite ZnO containing O vacancy or Zn interstitial. The pressure is loaded in the range of 0–12 GPa. The calculated result shows that the top valence bandwidth of ZnO materials varies with the pressure loaded. In particular, the top valence bandwidth of ZnO with O vacancy under about 5 GPa gets an extreme value. Meanwhile, it is also found that there are different energy shifts in the optical spectrums with the increase of pressure. The influence of increasing pressure on the optical properties of ZnO containing Zn interstitial is found to be notable, especially in the energy range of 3.0–4.7 eV. So the electronic and optical properties of ZnO with native defect may be tuned through changing the pressure. Our research results may provide important references to the choice and production of ZnO-based ultraviolet photoelectric materials.
Whisker row deprivation affects the flow of sensory information through rat barrel cortex
Authors: Jacob Vincent , Mitani Akinori , Toyoizumi Taro , Fox Kevin 
Published: October 2016

Whisker trimming causes substantial reorganization of neuronal response properties in barrel cortex. However, little is known about experience-dependent rerouting of sensory processing following sensory deprivation. To address this, we performed in vivo intracellular recordings from layers 2/3 (L2/3), layer 4 (L4), layer 5 regular-spiking (L5RS), and L5 intrinsically bursting (L5IB) neurons and measured their multiwhisker receptive field at the level of spiking activity, membrane potential, and synaptic conductance before and after sensory deprivation. We used Chernoff information to quantify the “sensory information” contained in the firing patterns of cells in response to spared and deprived whisker stimulation. In the control condition, information for flanking-row and same-row whiskers decreased in the order L4, L2/3, L5IB, L5RS. However, after whisker-row deprivation, spared flanking-row whisker information was reordered to L4, L5RS, L5IB, L2/3. Sensory information from the trimmed whiskers was reduced and delayed in L2/3 and L5IB neurons, whereas sensory information from spared whiskers was increased and advanced in L4 and L5RS neurons. Sensory information from spared whiskers was increased in L5IB neurons without a latency change. L5RS cells exhibited the largest changes in sensory information content through an atypical plasticity combining a significant decrease in spontaneous activity and an increase in a short-latency excitatory conductance. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Sensory cortical plasticity is usually quantified by changes in evoked firing rate. In this study we quantified plasticity by changes in sensory detection performance using Chernoff information and receiver operating characteristic analysis. We found that whisker deprivation causes a change in information flow within the cortical layers and that layer 5 regular-spiking cells, despite showing only a small potentiation of short-latency input, show the greatest increase in information content for the spared input partly by decreasing their spontaneous activity.
Ovarian Cancers Harbor Defects in Nonhomologous End Joining Resulting in Resistance to Rucaparib
Authors: McCormick Aiste , Donoghue Peter , Dixon Michelle , O'Sullivan Richard , O'Donnell Rachel L. , Murray James , Kaufmann Angelika , Curtin Nicola J. , Edmondson Richard J. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Purpose: DNA damage defects are common in ovarian cancer and can be used to stratify treatment. Although most work has focused on homologous recombination (HR), DNA double-strand breaks are repaired primarily by nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). Defects in NHEJ have been shown to contribute to genomic instability and have been associated with the development of chemoresistance.
Experimental Design: NHEJ was assessed in a panel of ovarian cancer cell lines and 47 primary ascetic-derived ovarian cancer cultures, by measuring the ability of cell extracts to end-join linearized plasmid monomers into multimers. mRNA and protein expression of components of NHEJ was determined using RT-qPCR and Western blotting. Cytotoxicities of cisplatin and the PARP inhibitor rucaparib were assessed using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assays. HR function was assessed using γH2AX/RAD51 foci assay.
Results: NHEJ was defective (D) in four of six cell lines and 20 of 47 primary cultures. NHEJ function was independent of HR competence (C). NHEJD cultures were resistant to rucaparib (P = 0.0022). When HR and NHEJ functions were taken into account, only NHEJC/HRD cultures were sensitive to rucaparib (compared with NHEJC/HRC P = 0.034, NHEJD/HRC P = 0.0002, and NHEJD/HRD P = 0.0045). The DNA-PK inhibitor, NU7441, induced resistance to rucaparib (P = 0.014) and HR function recovery in a BRCA1-defective cell line.
Conclusions: This study has shown that NHEJ is defective in 40% of ovarian cancers, which is independent of HR function and associated with resistance to PARP inhibitors in ex vivo primary cultures. Clin Cancer Res; 23(8); 2050–60. ©2016 AACR.
Molecular Pathways: Dietary Regulation of Stemness and Tumor Initiation by the PPAR-δ Pathway
Authors: Beyaz Semir , Yilmaz Ömer H. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPAR-δ) is a nuclear receptor transcription factor that regulates gene expression during development and disease states, such as cancer. However, the precise role of PPAR-δ during tumorigenesis is not well understood. Recent data suggest that PPAR-δ may have context-specific oncogenic and tumor-suppressive roles depending on the tissue, cell-type, or diet-induced physiology in question. For example, in the intestine, pro-obesity diets, such as a high-fat diet (HFD), are associated with increased colorectal cancer incidence. Interestingly, many of the effects of an HFD in the stem and progenitor cell compartment are driven by a robust PPAR-δ program and contribute to the early steps of intestinal tumorigenesis. Importantly, the PPAR-δ pathway or its downstream mediators may serve as therapeutic intervention points or biomarkers in colon cancer that arise in patients who are obese. Although potent PPAR-δ agonists and antagonists exist, their clinical utility may be enhanced by uncovering how PPAR-δ mediates tumorigenesis in diverse tissues and cell types as well as in response to diet. Clin Cancer Res; 22(23); 5636–41. ©2016 AACR.
Hemodynamic Tandem Intracranial Lesions on Magnetic Resonance Angiography in Patients Undergoing Carotid Endarterectomy
Authors: Lee Eun‐Jae , Cho Yong‐Pil , Lee Sang‐Hun , Lee Ji Sung , Nam Hyo Jung , Kim Bum Joon , Kwon Tae‐Won , Kang Dong‐Wha , Kim Jong S. , Kwon Sun U. 
Published: October 2016

Background

Hemodynamic tandem intracranial lesions (
TIL
s) on intracranial magnetic resonance angiography, which develop flow dependently, have been overlooked clinically in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. As they represent severe baseline hemodynamic compromise at the segment, they may be associated with distinctive clinical outcomes.

Methods and Results

We assessed 304 consecutive carotid endarterectomy cases treated over 3 years. Included cases had both preoperative and postoperative intracranial 3‐dimensional time‐of‐flight magnetic resonance angiography, of which signal intensities are flow dependent, and postoperative diffusion‐weighted imaging (≤3 days following carotid endarterectomy). Preoperative
TIL
s in the ipsilateral intracranial arteries were evaluated by the presence of nonexclusive components: focal stenosis (>50%), diffuse stenosis (>50%), and decreased signal intensities (>50%). The components showing postoperative normalization were considered hemodynamic.
TIL
s with hemodynamic components were defined as hemodynamic
TIL
s, while others as consistent
TIL
s. Baseline characteristics and postoperative outcomes were analyzed among 3 groups: no
TIL
s, consistent
TIL
s, and hemodynamic
TIL
s. Preoperative
TIL
s were identified in 104 (34.2%) cases; 54 (17.8%) had hemodynamic components. Diffuse stenosis and decreased signal intensities were usually reversed postoperatively. Patients with hemodynamic
TIL
s tended to have severe proximal carotid stenosis and recent strokes (≤14 days). For the outcome, hemodynamic
TIL
s were independently associated with the advent of postoperative ischemic lesions on diffusion‐weighted imaging (odds ratio: 2.50; 95% CI, 1.20–5.20).

Conclusions

In patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy, a significant number of preoperative
TIL
s demonstrated hemodynamic components, which were reversed postoperatively. The presence of such components was distinctively associated with the postoperative incidence of new ischemic lesions.
Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Burden Is Increased in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Wiseman Stewart J. , Bastin Mark E. , Jardine Charlotte L. , Barclay Gayle , Hamilton Iona F. , Sandeman Elaine , Hunt David , Amft E. Nicole , Thomson Susan , Belch Jill F.F. , Ralston Stuart H. , Wardlaw Joanna M. 
Published: October 2016

Background and Purpose—
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) increases stroke risk, but the mechanism is uncertain. This study aimed to determine the association between SLE and features on neuroimaging of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), a risk factor for stroke.

Methods—
Consecutive patients attending a clinic for SLE were recruited. All patients underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging; had blood samples taken for markers of inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, cholesterol, and autoantibodies; and underwent cognitive and psychiatric testing. The data were compared with sex- and age-matched healthy controls and patients with minor stroke. Features of SVD were measured, a total SVD score calculated, and associations sought with vascular risk factors, cognition, SLE activity, and disease duration.

Results—

Fifty-one SLE patients (age: 48.8 years; SD: 14.3 years) had a greater total SVD score compared with healthy controls (1 versus 0;
P
<0.0001) and stroke patients (1 versus 0;
P
=0.02). There were higher perivascular spaces and deep white matter hyperintensity scores and more superficial brain atrophy in SLE patients versus healthy controls. Despite fewer vascular risk factors than similarly aged stroke patients, SLE patients had similar or more of some SVD features. The total SVD score was not associated with SLE activity, cognition, disease duration, or any blood measure.

Conclusions—
In this data set, SLE patients had a high burden of SVD features on magnetic resonance imaging, particularly perivascular spaces. A larger longitudinal study is warranted to determine the causes of SVD features in SLE and clinical implications.
Talent, Identity, and Sociality in Early Qing Scholar-Beauty Novels
Authors: Zou Ying 
Published: October 2016

This article rereads early Qing scholar-beauty novels from the perspective of a new interest in self-fashioning and resocialization right after the dynastic transition. It analyzes the particular ways in which these works reflected on the late Ming notion of qing (feelings) and moved to a new sense of self through an emphasis on innate cai (talent), and suggests that they employed romance to express a sense of community and male sociality based on talent, thereby striking a complex balance between the autonomy of elite communities and their accommodation with the new regime. The talented woman figure is both agent and product of the early Qing Han elite’s self-fashioning project in reaction to the Manchu conquest. Sexual relations are channelled into newly responsible ends. Historically, scholar-beauty novels developed a romantic discourse that helped construct personal identities, promote cultural autonomy, and eventually reintegrate literature into the new political order of the Qing dynasty. Cet article propose une relecture des romans du début des Qing associant un lettré talentueux et une jeune beauté (caizi jiaren) à la lumière de l’intérêt nouveau pour la construction du soi et la resocialisation apparu immédiatement après la transition entre les Ming et les Qing. Est analysée la façon particulière dont ces ouvrages s’interrogent sur la notion de qing (sentiment) caractéristique de la fin des Ming et élaborent un nouveau sentiment du soi en mettant l’accent sur le talent inné (cai). Le recours à l’idylle, est-il suggéré, aide à faire passer la notion d’une communauté et d’une sociabilité masculine basées sur le talent, créant du même coup un équilibre complexe entre l’autonomie des communautés de l’élite et les compromis qui les lient au nouveau régime. Le personnage de la femme de talent est à la fois l’agent et le produit du projet de construction du soi des élites chinoises réagissant à la conquête mandchoue. Les relations amoureuses sont canalisées au service de buts nouveaux et responsables. Historiquement, le roman caizi jiaren a développé un discours sentimental facilitant la construction d’identités individuelles, la promotion de l’autonomie culturelle, et en fin de compte la réintégration de la littérature dans l’ordre politique nouveau de la dynastie des Qing.
Biting midges of the subfamily Forcipomyiinae (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the Middle East, with keys and descriptions of new species
Authors: ALWIN-KOWNACKA ALICJA , SZADZIEWSKI RYSZARD , SZWEDO JACEK 
Published: October 2016

Middle East biting midges of the genera Atrichopogon Kieffer and Forcipomyia Meigen, subfamily Forcipomyiinae Lenz, covering 41 species are reviewed. Two new species are described and illustrated: Forcipomyia (F.) siverekensis Alwin & Szadziewski sp. nov. and Forcipomyia (Microhelea) borkenti Alwin & Szadziewski sp. nov. The list includes 16 species of Atrichopogon and 25 of Forcipomyia. Nine species previously described by Vimmer and Kieffer from the Middle East are treated as nomina dubia and not included in the list. Keys to identification of Atrichopogon and Forcipomyia species of the Middle East are also provided.
Phase-speed Spectra of Eddy Tracer Fluxes Linked to Isentropic Stirring and Mixing in the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere
Authors: Abalos Marta , Randel William J. , Birner Thomas 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The regions around the subtropical jets in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) are characterized by strong isentropic stirring and mixing. In this work, the wave spectrum of the associated eddy tracer fluxes is examined using an artificial passive tracer advected on isentropes by the two-dimensional flow. The eddy diffusivity computed from the flux–gradient relation captures the main features of the mixing structure. Eddy transport in the UTLS is strongest in the summer hemisphere, and weak eddy fluxes are found at the core and poleward of the subtropical jets, especially in the winter hemisphere. There is an important contribution of stationary planetary equatorial Rossby waves in the tropical upper troposphere. The transient eddy tracer transport is primarily linked to medium-scale waves (wavenumbers ~4–7) breaking in the regions of weak westerlies around the subtropical jets and to planetary-scale waves at high latitudes. Phase-speed spectra for transient eddy fluxes show a close relationship of waves to the background zonal wind. In the deep tropics, traveling equatorial and Rossby waves of extratropical origin lead to cross-equatorial tracer transport throughout the upper troposphere. Interannual changes show that eddy tracer fluxes closely follow the shifts in the zonal winds associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation and the quasi-biennial oscillation.