bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional effects of subsidies and stressors on benthic microbial communities along freshwater to marine gradients
Authors: Anderson Kenneth J. , Kominoski John S. , Choi Chang Jae , Stingl Ulrich 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLeaf litter in coastal wetlands lays the foundation for carbon storage, and the creation of coastal wetland soils. As climate change alters the biogeochemical conditions and macrophyte composition of coastal wetlands, a better understanding of the interactions between microbial communities, changing chemistry, and leaf litter is required to understand the dynamics of coastal litter breakdown in changing wetlands. Coastal wetlands are dynamic systems with shifting biogeochemical conditions, with both tidal and seasonal redox fluctuations, and marine subsidies to inland habitats. Here, we investigated gene expression associated with various microbial redox pathways to understand how changing conditions are affecting the benthic microbial communities responsible for litter breakdown in coastal wetlands. We performed a reciprocal transplant of leaf litter from four distinct plant species along freshwater‐to‐marine gradients in the Florida Coastal Everglades, tracking changes in environmental and litter biogeochemistry, as well as benthic microbial gene expression associated with varying redox conditions, carbon degradation, and phosphorus acquisition. Early litter breakdown varied primarily by species, with highest breakdown in coastal species, regardless of the site they were at during breakdown, while microbial gene expression showed a strong seasonal relationship between sulfate cycling and salinity, and was not correlated with breakdown rates. The effect of salinity is likely a combination of direct effects, and indirect effects from associated marine subsidies. We found a positive correlation between sulfate uptake and salinity during January with higher freshwater inputs to coastal areas. However, we found a peak of dissimilatory sulfate reduction at intermediate salinity during April when freshwater inputs to coastal sites are lower. The combination of these two results suggests that sulfate acquisition is limiting to microbes when freshwater inputs are high, but that when marine influence increases and sulfate becomes more available, dissimilatory sulfate reduction becomes a key microbial process. As marine influence in coastal wetlands increases with climate change, our study suggests that sulfate dynamics will become increasingly important to microbial communities colonizing decomposing leaf litter.
Diuretic dosing and outcomes with torsemide and furosemide following hospitalization for heart failure: The TRANSFORM‐HF trial
Authors: Nouhravesh Nina , Greene Stephen J. , Clare Robert , Wojdyla Daniel , Anstrom Kevin J. , Velazquez Eric , Pitt Bertram , Mentz Robert J. , Psotka Mitchell A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimsThe TRANSFORM‐HF trial found no difference in clinical outcomes between torsemide versus furosemide after hospitalization for heart failure. This analysis aimed to assess the impact of diuretic dosing on the primary and secondary clinical outcomes.Methods and resultsThis post‐hoc analysis of TRANSFORM‐HF categorized patients into three groups by discharge diuretic dose: (1) ≤40 mg, (2) >40–80 mg, and (3) >80 mg of furosemide equivalents. The associations between discharge dose and 12‐month clinical events, and change in Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire clinical summary score (KCCQ‐CSS), were assessed. Overall, 2379 patients were included, aged 65 years (interquartile range 56–75), 883 (37.1%) women, and 812 (34.2%) Black. Furosemide had adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) for all‐cause mortality of 1.21 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.91–1.59) for discharge dose group 2 and 1.40 (95% CI 1.04–1.88) for group 3, compared with group 1. For torsemide, aHRs were 1.74 (95% CI 1.32–2.30) for group 2 and 1.58 (95% CI 1.14–2.19) for group 3. No evidence of heterogeneity for the association between increased mortality and higher dose was found by loop diuretic type (pinteraction = 0.17). Higher doses of furosemide and torsemide were associated with increased risk of all‐cause hospitalization and the composite of all‐cause mortality and hospitalization, without evidence of heterogeneity by loop diuretic type (pinteraction > 0.2). Changes in KCCQ‐CSS from baseline at 12 months was similar across dose groups for both drugs.ConclusionFollowing hospitalization for heart failure, higher loop diuretic dosing was independently associated with worse clinical and patient‐reported outcomes. The correlation between higher loop diuretic dose and outcomes was consistent, regardless of loop diuretic used.
Tetrasubstituted Chromanone Synthesis by a Tandem Oxa‐Michael/Michael Addition Reaction of 2‐Hydroxyacetophenones and Alkynyl Nitriles
Authors: Kumari Chandresh , Prasad Sahoo Narendra , Kumar Madan , Goswami Avijit 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAn efficient transition metal‐free approach for the synthesis of chroman‐4‐ones via double conjugate addition of 2‐hydroxyacetophenones on alkynyl nitriles utilizing NaH as a base has been realized. This operationally simple protocol offers library of 4‐chromanones in moderate to good yields.
Improving access and quality of primary healthcare through women and adolescents' user committees: A mixed‐methods case study in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Primeau Marie‐Douce , Jobin‐Gelinas Marie , Maleko Mayabanza Cécile , Mayaza Maguy , Blouin Geneviève 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatient engagement is seen as a fundamental strategy for achieving quality patient‐centred care, especially in community‐based primary healthcare. Despite growing interest in patient engagement in Sub‐Saharan Africa, few patient engagement initiatives have been identified, and those often are limited to lower levels of engagement, in participation in health research or in health system improvement. With the aim of giving a voice to under‐represented community groups in healthcare governance, the Access to Health services in Kinshasa (ASSK) project supported the implementation of primary health services user committees in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, designed to enable the representation of two user groups with specific unmet sexual and reproductive health (SRH) needs: women and adolescents.Aims and MethodsUsing a mixed‐method case study design combining quantitative secondary data (from the national health management information system—DHIS2) and qualitative data from two research World Café (WC1: Women user committees (WUC) n = 55; WC2: Adolescents user committee (AUC) n = 63), this paper looks at the implementation facilitators and barriers, and at the results of this initiative.ResultsWomen and adolescent members of the user committees highlighted that their participation resulted in increased knowledge of SRH and their related rights, as well as in their ‘soft skills’ such as communication and leadership. In addition, participants reported greater transparency and accountability on the part of the community primary health centres (e.g. by displaying fees for procedures to counter over‐billing). Ultimately, WUC and AUC were associated with improved health practices in the community such as increased use of SRH services (increase of 613% for Makala and 160% for Maluku II), including adolescent family planning (increase of 320% for Makala and 12% for Maluku II) and assisted childbirth for women15–49 years old (increase of 283% for Makala and 23% for Maluku II)).ConclusionsPatient user committees for specific marginalised or under‐represented groups appear to be an effective way of improving the quality of primary health care services. Further research is needed to better understand how to maximise its potential.
Oral and dental presentations in dogs and cats requiring urgent care
Authors: Gramser Andrea Garcia , Freeman Alix 
Published: October 2024

Background: Although many oral and dental injuries are not life threatening per se, some conditions require urgent treatment to avoid unnecessary pain, impaired function and tooth loss. Adequate diagnosis and treatment will have a significant impact on the comfort and long‐term prognosis for the patient avoiding the sequela of untreated orofacial injuries. In almost all cases, the diagnosis of dental pathologies requires general anaesthesia, dental probing and charting, and diagnostic imaging (dental radiography and cone beam CT or conventional CT).Aim of the article: Despite being less common than in other disciplines, oral and dental emergencies do occur and cause severe distress to the patient. This article describes several dental and oral pathologies and the approach to diagnosis so that a treatment plan can be provided to colleagues and owners.
Gas–liquid mixing performance of a non‐Newtonian fluid in a multiple‐impeller agitated tank
Authors: Shiue Angus , Hu Qiang , Ye Yu‐Jie , Jeng Jyh‐Cheng , Leggett Graham 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis target is to decide power input and gas hold‐up for gas–liquid mixing aqueous CMC solutions. The analysis considers the impact by varying the impeller speed and gas flow rates in a stirred tank bioreactor of three kinds of multiple impellers. The effects of the impeller type, rheology, and operating conditions were investigated on power drawn, relative power demand (RPD), gas holdup, and volumetric mass transfer coefficient.RESULTCompared to the Rushton turbine (6RT) and 4‐pitch blade (4PBT) impeller, the propeller (3PP) impeller presented a minimal event of the gassing on the RPD. 4PBT impeller has shown a higher gas hold‐up compared to the Rushton turbine and propeller impellers. The aerated agitated tank was established a dimensionless correlation for the RPD as a function of flow number and web number. Besides, the gas–liquid agitated system was also introduced a dimensionless correlation to compute the overall gas hold‐up as a function of specific power consumption. For the maximum dispersion mixing intensity, the impeller structure with low RPD looks to be more adequate. Further, maximizing gas holdup in the structures with high RPD is advantageous. The effects of impeller speed, gas superficial velocity, and rheology on the volumetric mass transfer coefficient were examined.CONCLUSIONThe volumetric mass transfer coefficient increased with an increase in impeller speed, gas superficial velocity, and power consumption per unit volume and decreased as rheology increased. The averaged kLa for each multiple‐impeller was correlated well with the specific gassed power consumption and gas superficial velocity. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Soil Phosphorus Transport in Response to Climate Change at Mid‐High Latitudes Under Intensive Agriculture
Authors: Lou Hezhen , Zhou Baichi , Ren Xiaoyu , Wu Xijin , Yang Shengtian , Liu Sihan , Hao Fanghua , Feng Aiping , Wang Qi 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPhosphorus (P) is an important soil element for sustaining plant growth and the integrity of terrestrial ecosystems, and the soil P cycle is strongly influenced by climate change and agricultural activities. However, little is known about how soil P has evolved with climate change and intensive agriculture at mid‐high latitudes, where the soil P cycle is sensitive to climate change. To answer this question, an ecohydrological model (EcoHAT‐P) driven by remote sensing data was used in this study to calculate soil P concentration and loss and was calibrated and validated using 272 soil samples collected in the Sanjiang Plain, a typical mid‐high latitude region with a long history of strong agricultural activity. Soil P concentration and loss, and plant uptake of soil P, were analyzed for the years 2000–2019 and 2020–2040. The results showed that soil total P, soil P loss, and plant P uptake all increased under intensive agriculture. The soil P cycle at mid‐high latitudes was more sensitive to temperature than to precipitation. Increased temperature would increase soil P loss and plant P uptake by 93.94% and 8.16%, respectively, and soil legacy P from intensive agriculture would become the main source even if external P inputs were eliminated. The results highlight the evolution of soil P transport at mid‐high latitudes and clarify the response of soil P cycle to climate change under intensive agriculture.
Effects of high α‐linolenic acid transgenic rapeseed oil diet on growth performance, fat deposition, flesh quality, antioxidant capacity, and immunity of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)
Authors: Li Rongyun , Liu Yunhao , Zhang Yunbang , Yan Ze , Cao Yun , Li Qingshan , Mei Yihui , Sun Shouxiang , Cao Xiaojuan , Guo Liang , Gao Jian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOmega‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (n‐3 LC‐PUFA) increases in aquatic products contributes to improving meat quality, thereby positively impacting human health. Different from marine fish which primarily obtain n‐3 LC‐PUFAs directly from zooplankton and algae, freshwater fish mainly utilize dietary linolenic acid (ALA) as a substrate to synthesize n‐3 LC‐PUFAs. Our team has successfully created a transgenic rapeseed oil (TRO) with high ALA content. Therefore, we here assessed the impacts of four different diets (LR, low‐fat rapeseed oil (RO) diet; HR, high‐fat RO diet; LTR, low‐fat TRO diet; HTR, high‐fat TRO diet) on growth performance, lipid accumulation, fatty acid composition, antioxidant capacity, immunity and serum biochemical indexes of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), an economically valuable freshwater fish. The results showed no significant difference in survival rate among the four dietary groups. No significant differences in body weight gain and final weight were found between the LR and LTR groups, as well as between HR and HTR groups. No matter if it was a high‐fat or low‐fat diet, compared with the RO diet, TRO diets significantly increased the content of n‐3 LC‐PUFA, improved meat quality, effectively alleviated lipid accumulation in livers and muscles of juvenile largemouth bass. In addition, using high‐fat diets, TRO diet improved the antioxidant capacity and immune ability of juvenile largemouth bass, thereby promoting the overall health of fish. This study provides novel insights for fish feed formulation optimization from the perspective of genetically modified feed ingredients, and high‐quality aquatic products for human consumption.
Engagement as a mechanism of action in collaborative learning health systems
Authors: Seid Michael , Gamel Breck , Woolf Becky , Hartley David M. , Dunn Maureen , Vinson Alexandra H. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOngoing experience and emerging evidence suggest that Collaborative Learning Health Systems (CLHSs) are a promising approach to transforming population outcomes and organizational care processes. As implied in their name, this type of Learning Health System both promotes and relies upon collaboration to achieve its aims. However, to realize the promise of the Collaborative Learning Health System, a better understanding of engagement as a catalyst for collaboration is necessary. In this commentary, we elaborate the phenomenon of engagement. We define engagement in the context of CLHSs, consider dimensions of engagement, and further explore the role of engagement as a catalyst of network functioning. We conclude by offering an agenda for research and practice intended to develop an understanding of engagement so as to further advance the theory and practice of CLHS efforts and ultimately promote the uptake of the CLHS model.
Validation of an ultrahigh contrast divided subtracted inversion recovery technique using a standard T1 phantom
Authors: Bydder Mark , Ali Fadil , Condron Paul , Cornfeld Daniel M. , Newburn Gil , Kwon Eryn E. , Tayebi Maryam , Scadeng Miriam , Melzer Tracy R. , Holdsworth Samantha J. , Bydder Graeme M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe divided subtracted inversion recovery (dSIR) is a high T1 contrast technique that shows changes in white matter in patients with traumatic brain injury and hypoxic injury. The changes can be explained by small differences in T1; however, to date, there has been no independent validation of the technique using a standard reference. The present study develops the theory of the dSIR signal and performs validation using the NIST/ISMRM T1 phantom. Non‐idealities are explored, including the influence of noise bias and finite repetition time (TR), which leads to the introduction of an optimally efficient TR for inversion recovery acquisitions. Results show excellent agreement with theoretical calculations.
Reinforcement topology optimization considering the dynamic instability
Authors: Han Sol Ji , Yoon Gil Ho 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe present study develops a new topology optimization scheme considering the dynamic instability caused by the unsymmetrical properties of system. From a mathematical point of view, the left and right eigenvectors of asymmetric system are observed with the complex eigenvalues. With the dynamic instability, the magnitudes of structural responses are increasing with respect to time and this phenomenon causes many engineering issues. As the dynamic instability is one of the serious problems, the suppression is desired from an engineering point of view. To systematically reduce this dynamic instability, the present study develops a new topology optimization scheme for the reinforcement design. To overcome the numerical difficulties of the mode conversion and the highly nonlinear behavior, this research proposes the summation of the first several complex eigenvalues. To show the issues of the dynamic instability and the validity of the present approach, several topological reinforcement problems are solved.
Food Aversion, Systemic Inflammation and Intramuscular Adipose Tissue are Mortality Predictors in Advanced Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: das Neves Willian , Borges Ana Paula de Souza , Carvalho Vinicius Jardim , Fujita André , de Castro Gilberto 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundCancer cachexia, systemic inflammation and muscle wasting are associated with poor survival in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (pts). We hypothesized whether neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and intramuscular adipose tissue/skeletal muscle index (IMAT/SMI) would predict prognosis in metastatic NSCLC (mNSCLC). In addition, we verified the role of a cancer cachexia questionnaire (EORTC‐QLQ‐CAX24) in the survival prediction.MethodsWe analysed a prospective cohort of 128 treatment‐naive mNSCLC pts (April 2017 to May 2020). We evaluated QoL using the EORTC‐QLQ‐C30 and EORTC‐QLQ‐CAX24 scales. We used the baseline NLR as a surrogate of systemic inflammation. We did evaluate IMAT/SMI using baseline plain computed tomography imaging. Cox multivariate regression, including age, sex, ECOG‐PS and histology as covariates, was performed.ResultsElevated NLR (hazard ratio [HR] 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.59, p = 0.038), IMAT/SMI ratio (HR 1.37, 95% CI: 1.03–1.84, p = 0.032) and high CAX24 scores for food aversion (HR 1.52, 95% CI: 1.13–2.03, p = 0.006) were associated with worse prognosis in mNSCLC. Indeed, higher ECOG‐PS (Spearman rho = 0.208, p = 0.027), CAX24 scores for food aversion (Spearman rho = 0.197, p = 0.036), loss of control (Spearman rho = 0.212, p = 0.024) and eating and weight loss worry domains (Spearman rho = 0.219, p = 0.020) were associated with elevated NLR levels.ConclusionsElevated NLR, IMAT/SMI ratio and CAX24 score for food aversion are independently associated with worse survival in mNSCLC. These data underscored the importance of cachexia features as negative prognostic factors in mNSCLC and revealed the EORTC‐QLQ‐CAX24 questionnaire as a new tool for helping clinical decision‐making.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03960034 and NCT04306094
Implementation of Controlled Floods for Sediment Management on the Colorado River in Grand Canyon Under Aridification
Authors: Grams Paul E. , Topping David J. , Salter Gerard , Chapman Katherine A. , Tusso Robert B. , Mueller Erich R. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn addition to supplying water for agriculture, cities, and industry, the Colorado River traverses the Colorado Plateau, including several of the most unique and valued National Parks and Recreation Areas in the United States. Although the water needs of these landscapes were not considered at the time water allocations were first negotiated, these needs were recognized in subsequent legislation and policy. Management goals address a range of aquatic and riparian resources, including fine sediment (sand, silt, and clay) which, in Grand Canyon, is important for ecological, cultural, and recreational resources. Over ~30 years, stakeholders, resource managers, and scientists collectively developed operational strategies for sediment management to meet goals outlined by an adaptive management program. However, prolonged drought, or “aridification,” resulting in declining runoff and the lowest reservoir storage elevations in decades has challenged those strategies. The paradigm for sustainable sediment management relies on (1) sand accumulation on the bed of the Colorado River during periods of sediment‐rich tributary floods from summer/fall thunderstorms, and (2) dam‐released controlled (artificial) floods, referred to as High‐Flow Experiments (HFEs), to redistribute the accumulated sand to rebuild eroded bar and floodplain deposits. The management protocol, which specifies narrowly defined sand accumulation periods and HFE implementation windows, is based on implementing HFEs in late fall during the period of greatest sediment enrichment, before higher winter releases for hydropower erode the accumulated sand from the riverbed. Low dam releases associated with drought, however, have changed the pattern of sand accumulation and low reservoir elevations have prevented HFE implementation in the defined window. An alternative strategy for HFE planning and implementation was tested opportunistically in April 2023 following lower‐than‐normal winter dam releases. We present findings from this HFE indicating that sand enrichment and sandbar building equaled or exceeded that of HFEs conducted under the established management protocol. These findings show that management goals for sediment under conditions of prolonged drought may be achievable but will likely require substantial changes in dam management strategies.