bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON 2′,3′‐O‐ISOPROPYLIDEN‐5′‐KETO‐8,5′‐CYCLOADENOSIN (V), EINEM NEUEN CYCLONUCLEOSID
Authors: HARPER P. J. , HAMPTON A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBei einer Behandlung mit Methyllithium (II) in Tetrahydrofuran erhält man aus der Adenosin‐carbonsäure (I) u.a. über die Zwischenstufen (III) und (IV) das Cyclonucleosid (V), das durch Natriumboranat zum Carbinol (VI) reduziert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: METHODE ZUR KONDENSATION VON DIACETYLEN MIT CARBONYLVERBINDUNGEN
Authors: ZANINA A. S. , KOTLYAREVSKII I. L. , SHERGINA S. I. , SOKOLOV I. E. , SHISHKINA L. I. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBeim Einleiten von Diacetylen (II) in eine Suspension des Anionenaustauschharzes AB‐17 in einem Keton (I) entstehen die tert. Carbinole (III) sowie die Glykole (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: DIHYDRO‐1,3‐OXAZINE 15. MITT. HOMOLOGISIERUNG VON ALKYLHALOGENIDEN UM ZWEI C‐EINHEITEN ZU ALDEHYDEN UNTER VERW. EINES NEUEN KETEN‐N,O‐ACETALS
Authors: MEYERS A. I. , NAZARENKO NICHOLAS 
Published: February 2016

AbstractFGF Aus dem Methojodid (I) wird mit NaH das Acetal (II) erhalten, das mit den Alkylhalogeniden (III) zu den Oxaziniumsalzen (IV) reagiert, anschließende Neutralisation gibt die Keten‐N,O‐acetale (V), die zu (VI) reduziert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: DIE HERST. VON ALPHA‐AMINO‐ALPHA,ALPHA‐DIALKYL‐KETONEN UND HEXAALKYL‐2,5‐DIHYDROPYRAZINEN DURCH OX. VON KETONEN MIT ALKALISCHEM CYANOFERRAT (III)
Authors: FARNUM D. G. , CARLSON G. R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractKetone (I) mit einem tertiären Wasserstoff in α‐Stellung werden mit Kaliumhexacyanoferrat(III) in Gegenwart von Ammoniumhydroxid unter Ausschluß von Sauerstoff zu den α‐Amino‐ketonen (II) oxidiert, die unter diesen Bedingungen zu den Hexaalkyl‐2,5‐dihydropyrazinen (III) kondensieren.
ChemInform Abstract: BLDG. SILICIUMORGANISCHER BERBINDUNGEN 44. MITT. SYNTH. UND RK. SI‐FUNKTIONELLER 1,3,5,7‐TETRASILACYCLOOCTANE
Authors: FRITZ G. , HAEHNKE M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Tetrasilaoctane (I) bilden mit Li in Äther das Cyclisierungsprodukt (IIa), dessen Bromierung in Penten das in Wasser zum Siloxan (IIc) hydrolysierbare Dibrom‐Derivat (IIb) liefert.
ChemInform Abstract: KOMPLEXBLDG. DURCH N‐SUBSTITUIERTE ACETOACETAMIDE 6. MITT. PARA‐SUBSTITUIERTE ACETOACETANILIDE UND IHRE KUPFER(II)‐ UND BERYLLIUM(II)‐CHELATE
Authors: HARRIES H. J. , HUGHES R. K. , SMITH T. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Reaktion zwischen Diketen und den entsprechenden Anilinen führt zu den Liganden (I).
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOSPEZIFISCHE TOTALSYNTH. VON D,L‐PROSTAGLANDIN A2
Authors: MARTEL J. , TOROMANOFF E. , MATHIEU J. , NOMINE G. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAus Propargylchlorid (I) und Malonester (II) erhält man über (III) die Carbonsäure (IV), die in Gegenwart von Diimidazol‐sulfoxid mit der Mg‐Verbindung (V) zum Ketoester (VI) kondensiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: GLEICHGEWICHTSEINSTELLUNG IN BENZOLDERIVATEN 4. MITT. ISOMERENGLEICHGEWICHTE ZWISCHEN 1,2‐DISUBSTITUIERTEN PHENYLQUECKSILBERACETATEN
Authors: VERWEY J. , WOLTERS J. SEN. , KOOYMAN E. C. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie jeweilige Isomerenverteilung des Transmercurierungsgleichgewichts zwischen Phenylquecksilberacetat und 1,2‐disubstituierten Arylverbindungen bzw. Naphthalin wird untersucht.
Low‐grade heat recycling for system synergies between waste heat and food production, a case study at the European Spallation Source
Authors: Parker Thomas , Kiessling Anders 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAt present food production depends almost exclusively on direct use of stored energy sources, may perhaps they be nuclear‐, petroleum‐, or biobased. Arable land, artificial fertilizers, and fresh water resources are the base for our present food systems, but are limited. At the same time, energy resources in the form of waste heat are available in ample quantities. The European Spallation Source (ESS) will require approximately 270 GWh of power per year to operate, power that ultimately is converted to heat. This multidisciplinary case study details an alternative food production cooling chain, using low‐grade surplus heat, and involving fermentation, aquaculture, nutrient recapture, and greenhouse horticulture including both use of low‐grade surplus heat and recycling of society's organic waste that is converted to animal feed and fertilizer. The study indicates that by combining the use of surplus energy with harvest of society's organic side flows, for example, food waste and aquatic‐based cash crops, sustainable food systems are possible at a level of significance also for global food security. The effects of the proposed heat reuse model are discussed in a system perspective and in the context of the UNSCD indicator framework. The potential sustainability benefits of such an effort are shown to be substantial and multifaceted.
pH‐controlled reaction divergence of decarboxylation versus fragmentation in reactions of dihydroxyfumarate with glyoxylate and formaldehyde: parallels to biological pathways
Authors: Butch Christopher J. , Wang Jing , Gu Jiande , Vindas Rebeca , Crowe Jacob , Pollet Pamela , Gelbaum Leslie , Leszczynski Jerzy , Krishnamurthy Ramanarayanan , Liotta Charles L. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe reactions of dihydroxyfumarate with glyoxylate and formaldehyde exhibit a unique pH‐controlled mechanistic divergence leading to different product suites by two distinct pathways. The divergent reactions proceed via a central intermediate (2,3‐dihydroxy‐oxalosuccinate, 3, in the reaction with glyoxylate and 2‐hydroxy‐2‐hydroxymethyl‐3‐oxosuccinate, 14, in the reaction with formaldehyde). At pH 7–8, products (7, 8, and 15) exclusively from a decarboxylation of the intermediate are observed, while at pH 13–14, products (9, 10, and 16) solely derived from a hydroxide‐promoted fragmentation of the intermediate are formed. The decarboxylative and fragmentation pathways are mutually exclusive and do not appear to coexist under the range of pH (7–14) conditions investigated. Herein, we employ a combination of quantitative 13C NMR measurements and density functional theory calculations to provide a rationale for this pH‐driven reaction divergence. These rationalizations also hold true for the reactions of dihydroxyfumarate produced in situ by the catalytic cyanide‐mediated dimerization of glyoxylate. In addition, the non‐enzymatic decarboxylation and fragmentation transformations of these central intermediates (3 and 14) appear to have intriguing parallels to the enzymatic reactions of oxalosuccinate and formation of glyceric acid derivatives in extant metabolism – the high and low pH mimicking the precise control exerted by the enzymes over reaction pathways. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robotic Liver Resection: A Case‐Matched Comparison
Authors: Kingham T. Peter , Leung Universe , Kuk Deborah , Gönen Mithat , D’Angelica Michael I. , Allen Peter J. , DeMatteo Ronald P. , Laudone Vincent P. , Jarnagin William R. , Fong Yuman 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundIn recent years, increasingly sophisticated tools have allowed for more complex robotic surgery. Robotic hepatectomy, however, is still in its infancy. Our goals were to examine the adoption of robotic hepatectomy and to compare outcomes between open and robotic liver resections.MethodsThe robotic hepatectomy experience of 64 patients was compared to a modern case‐matched series of 64 open hepatectomy patients at the same center. Matching was according to benign/malignant diagnosis and number of segments resected. Patient data were obtained retrospectively. The main outcomes and measures were operative time, estimated blood loss, conversion rate (robotic to open), Pringle maneuver use, single non‐anatomic wedge resection rate, resection margin size, complication rates (infectious, hepatic, pulmonary, cardiac), hospital stay length, ICU stay length, readmission rate, and 90‐day mortality rate.ResultsSixty‐four robotic hepatectomies were performed in 2010–2014. Forty‐one percent were segmental and 34 % were wedge resections. There was a 6 % conversion rate, a 3 % 90‐day mortality rate, and an 11 % morbidity rate. Compared to 64 matched patients who underwent open hepatectomy (2004–2012), there was a shorter median OR time (p = 0.02), lower median estimated blood loss (p < 0.001), and shorter median hospital stay (p < 0.001). Eleven of the robotic cases were isolated resections of tumors in segments 2, 7, and 8.ConclusionsRobotic hepatectomy is safe and effective. Increasing experience in more centers will allow definition of which hepatectomies can be performed robotically, and will enable optimization of outcomes and prospective examination of the economic cost of each approach.
Effect of sedimentary facies and geological properties on thermal conductivity of Pleistocene volcanic sediments in Tokyo, central Japan
Authors: Takemura Takato , Sato Minoru , Chiba Takashi , Uemura Kyota , Ito Yoshiharu , Funabiki Ayako 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
When ground source heat pump systems are installed underground, an estimate of the thermal conductivity is required to determine the desired total length of the heat exchanger (U-tube). Many large cities in Asia are built on Quaternary sediments, but the thermal conductivity of these sediments is not well understood. To measure the thermal conductivity of Pleistocene volcanic sediments in Tokyo, Japan, we discuss methods of measuring thermal conductivity and factors influencing the thermal conductivity of volcanic sediment, which has low quartz content. The results obtained from experiments using a drill core, borehole data and artificial sediment samples are as follows: (1) values of thermal conductivity predicted using water content, porosity or sand content can be underestimated in volcanic sediment or sediments with large amounts of magnetic minerals; (2) magnetic minerals have a higher thermal conductivity than quartz, so there is a relationship between magnetic susceptibility and thermal conductivity: (3) comparison of thermal conductivity measurements performed using box- and needle-type probes showed that the values measured using the former are comparatively larger. This decrease in thermal conductivity is explained by formation of air-filled cracks when the needle penetrates the sediment, as air has a lower thermal conductivity than sediment.
Enhanced spin–orbit torques by oxygen incorporation in tungsten films
Authors: Demasius Kai-Uwe , Phung Timothy , Zhang Weifeng , Hughes Brian P. , Yang See-Hun , Kellock Andrew , Han Wei , Pushp Aakash , Parkin Stuart S. P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe origin of spin–orbit torques, which are generated by the conversion of charge-to-spin currents in non-magnetic materials, is of considerable debate. One of the most interesting materials is tungsten, for which large spin–orbit torques have been found in thin films that are stabilized in the A15 (β-phase) structure. Here we report large spin Hall angles of up to approximately –0.5 by incorporating oxygen into tungsten. While the incorporation of oxygen into the tungsten films leads to significant changes in their microstructure and electrical resistivity, the large spin Hall angles measured are found to be remarkably insensitive to the oxygen-doping level (12–44%). The invariance of the spin Hall angle for higher oxygen concentrations with the bulk properties of the films suggests that the spin–orbit torques in this system may originate dominantly from the interface rather than from the interior of the films.
Conducting polymers as electron glasses: surface charge domains and slow relaxation
Authors: Ortuño Miguel , Escasain Elisa , Lopez-Elvira Elena , Somoza Andres M. , Colchero Jaime , Palacios-Lidon Elisa 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe surface potential of conducting polymers has been studied with scanning Kelvin probe microscopy. The results show that this technique can become an excellent tool to really ‘see’ interesting surface charge interaction effects at the nanoscale. The electron glass model, which assumes that charges are localized by the disorder and that interactions between them are relevant, is employed to understand the complex behavior of conducting polymers. At equilibrium, we find surface potential domains with a typical lateral size of 50 nm, basically uncorrelated with the topography and strongly fluctuating in time. These fluctuations are about three times larger than thermal energy. The charge dynamics is characterized by an exponentially broad time distribution. When the conducting polymers are excited with light the surface potential relaxes logarithmically with time, as usually observed in electron glasses. In addition, the relaxation for different illumination times can be scaled within the full aging model.
Fluorescent and Magnetic Mesoporous Hybrid Material: A Chemical and Biological Nanosensor for Hg2+ Ions
Authors: Suresh Moorthy , Anand Chokkalingam , Frith Jessica E. , Dhawale Dattatray S. , Subramaniam Vishnu P. , Strounina Ekaterina , Sathish Clastinrusselraj I. , Yamaura Kazunari , Cooper-White Justin J. , Vinu Ajayan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe introduce “sense, track and separate” approach for the removal of Hg2+ ion from aqueous media using highly ordered and magnetic mesoporous ferrosilicate nanocages functionalised with rhodamine fluorophore derivative. These functionalised materials offer both fluorescent and magnetic properties in a single system which help not only to selectively sense the Hg2+ ions with a high precision but also adsorb and separate a significant amount of Hg2+ ion in aqueous media. We demonstrate that the magnetic affinity of these materials, generated from the ultrafine γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles present inside the nanochannels of the support, can efficiently be used as a fluorescent tag to sense the Hg2+ ions present in NIH3T3 fibroblasts live cells and to track the movement of the cells by external magnetic field monitored using confocal fluorescence microscopy. This simple approach of introducing multiple functions in the magnetic mesoporous materials raise the prospect of creating new advanced functional materials by fusing organic, inorganic and biomolecules to create advanced hybrid nanoporous materials which have a potential use not only for sensing and the separation of toxic metal ions but also for cell tracking in bio-separation and the drug delivery.
Causal connectivity alterations of cortical-subcortical circuit anchored on reduced hemodynamic response brain regions in first-episode drug-naïve major depressive disorder
Authors: Gao Qing , Zou Ke , He Zongling , Sun Xueli , Chen Huafu 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSome efforts were done to investigate the disruption of brain causal connectivity networks involved in major depressive disorder (MDD) using Granger causality (GC) analysis. However, the homogenous hemodynamic response function (HRF) assumption over the brain may disturb the inference of temporal precedence. Here we applied a blind deconvolution approach to examine the altered HRF shape in first-episode, drug-naïve MDD patients. The regions with abnormal HRF shape in patients were chosen as seeds to detect the GC alterations in MDD. The results demonstrated significantly decreased magnitude of spontaneous hemodynamic response of the orbital frontal cortex (OFC) and the caudate nucleus (CAU) in MDD comparing to healthy controls, suggesting MDD patients likely had alterations in neurovascular coupling and cerebrovascular physiology in these two regions. GC mapping showed increased/decreased GC in OFC-/CAU centered networks in MDD. The outgoing GC values from OFC to anterior cingulate cortex and occipital regions were positively correlated with Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) scores, while the incoming GC from insula, middle and superior temporal gyrus to CAU were negatively correlated with HAMD scores of MDD. The abnormalities of directional connections in the cortico-subcortico-cerebellar network may lead to unbalanced integrating the emotional-related information for MDD, and further exacerbating depressive symptoms.
Culex quinquefasciatus larval microbiomes vary with instar and exposure to common wastewater contaminants
Authors: Pennington Marcus J. , Prager Sean M. , Walton William E. , Trumble John T. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractLike many insects, mosquitoes, rely on endosymbionts to grow and develop. These can be acquired from the environment. We used next generation 454 pyrosequencing to discern the whole-body microbiome of the mosquito speciesCulex quinquefasciatusin various larval stadia and following exposure to common pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) found in wastewater. PPCP treatments included environmentally-relevant concentrations; 1) a combination of common antibiotics, 2) a combination of mammalian hormones, 3) a mixture of the antibiotic and hormone treatments plus acetaminophen and caffeine and, 4) an untreated control. Within control groups, the predominant families of bacterial symbionts change with each larval instar despite consistent diets and rearing conditions. This trend was also seen in hormone treatments but not in the antibiotic or the mixture treatments. Richness and evenness were reduced in both antibiotic and mixture treatments, suggesting that antibiotics remove certain bacteria or inhibit them from increasing to proportions seen in the control treatment. Interestingly, the mixture treatments had greater richness and evenness compared to antibiotic alone treatments, possibly due to the other contaminants facilitating growth of different bacteria. These findings illuminate the complexity of the microbiome ofC. quinquefasciatusand may have implications for more effective control strategies.
Determinants of community structure of zooplankton in heavily polluted river ecosystems
Authors: Xiong Wei , Li Jie , Chen Yiyong , Shan Baoqing , Wang Weimin , Zhan Aibin 
Published: February 2016

AbstractRiver ecosystems are among the most affected habitats globally by human activities, such as the release of chemical pollutants. However, it remains largely unknown how and to what extent many communities such as zooplankton are affected by these environmental stressors in river ecosystems. Here, we aim to determine major factors responsible for shaping community structure of zooplankton in heavily polluted river ecosystems. Specially, we use rotifers in the Haihe River Basin (HRB) in North China as a case study to test the hypothesis that species sorting (i.e. species are “filtered” by environmental factors and occur at environmental suitable sites) plays a key role in determining community structure at the basin level. Based on an analysis of 94 sites across the plain region of HRB, we found evidence that both local and regional factors could affect rotifer community structure. Interestingly, further analyses indicated that local factors played a more important role in determining community structure. Thus, our results support the species sorting hypothesis in highly polluted rivers, suggesting that local environmental constraints, such as environmental pollution caused by human activities, can be stronger than dispersal limitation caused by regional factors to shape local community structure of zooplankton at the basin level.
Demethylation of c-MYB binding site mediates upregulation of Bdnf IV in cocaine-conditioned place preference
Authors: Tian Weiping , Wang Jiesi , Zhang Ke , Teng Huajing , Li Chong , Szyf Moshe , Sun Zhong Sheng , Zhao Mei 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAbnormal BDNF signaling contributes to the structural and behavioral plasticity induced by drugs of abuse. However, the mechanisms regulating expression of Bdnf in drug addiction remain elusive. In the present study, using the conditioned place preference (CPP) model, we showed that expression of Bdnf IV is upregulated in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of conditioned animals while Bdnf I is upregulated in cocaine-treated mice irrespective of conditioning. The methylation level of a putative c-MYB binding site in the promoter region of Bdnf IV was significantly decreased in the NAc under cocaine CPP conditioning but remained unchanged without conditioning, concurrently with increased binding of c-MYB to this site. Exon IV promoter/luciferase reporter assays revealed that transactivation of Bdnf by c-MYB was blocked by methylation of this c-MYB binding site. Administration of methionine, a precursor of SAM, inhibited cocaine CPP, reversed demethylation of c-MYB binding site and induction of Bdnf IV expression by cocaine CPP. Our results imply that Bdnf IV demethylation at c-MYB binding site is involved in cocaine-triggered seeking behavior, whereas Bdnf I responds to the immediate pharmacological effects of cocaine.
Rapid growth of mineral deposits at artificial seafloor hydrothermal vents
Authors: Nozaki Tatsuo , Ishibashi Jun-Ichiro , Shimada Kazuhiko , Nagase Toshiro , Takaya Yutaro , Kato Yasuhiro , Kawagucci Shinsuke , Watsuji Tomoo , Shibuya Takazo , Yamada Ryoichi , Saruhashi Tomokazu , Kyo Masanori , Takai Ken 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSeafloor massive sulphide deposits are potential resources for base and precious metals (Cu-Pb-Zn ± Ag ± Au), but difficulties in estimating precise reserves and assessing environmental impacts hinder exploration and commercial mining. Here, we report petrological and geochemical properties of sulphide chimneys less than 2 years old that formed where scientific boreholes vented hydrothermal fluids in the Iheya-North field, Okinawa Trough, in East China Sea. One of these infant chimneys, dominated by Cu-Pb-Zn-rich sulphide minerals, grew a height of 15 m within 25 months. Portions of infant chimneys are dominated by sulphate minerals. Some infant chimneys are sulphide-rich similar to high-grade Cu-Pb-Zn bodies on land, albeit with relatively low As and Sb concentrations. The high growth rate reaching the 15 m height within 25 months is attributed to the large hydrothermal vent more than 50 cm in diameter created by the borehole, which induced slow mixing with the ambient seawater and enhanced efficiency of sulphide deposition. These observations suggest the possibility of cultivating seafloor sulphide deposits and even controlling their growth and grades through manipulations of how to mix and quench hydrothermal fluids with the ambient seawater.
The duration of sociosexual behaviors in male meadow voles Microtus pennsylvanicus varies before, during, and after copulation
Authors: Vaughn Ashlee A. , Ferkin Daniel A. , Delbarco-Trillo Javier , Ferkin Michael H. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The behaviors that surround copulation are characterized as sociosexual behaviors. These behaviors displayed by males that are directed at females may include allogrooming, wrestling, chasing, approach, and time spent together. The data supported the hypothesis that the duration of sociosexual behaviors differs during the pre-copulatory, peri-copulatory, and post-copulatory phases of the mating bout in meadow voles. Voles spent more time approaching conspecifics during the pre- and peri-copulatory phases than during the post-copulatory phase. Voles spent more time allogrooming, wrestling, and chasing during the pre-copulatory phase than during the peri- and post-copulatory phases. Voles spent similar amounts of time together during the pre-, peri-, and post-copulatory phases. The data suggest that sociosexual behaviors displayed by males may be involved in setting the pace and temporal components of the mating bout. During the pre-copulatory phase particular behaviors by male voles may attract females, during the peri-copulatory phase some of these behaviors may stimulate or motivate the female to mate, and during the post-copulatory phase certain behaviors may prepare the male to mate again.