bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Präimplantationsdiagnostik in den Niederlanden
Authors: Geraedts Joep , Coonen Edith , Dreesen Jos , Paulussen Aimee , Die-Smulders Christine de 
Published: November 2016

Zusammenfassung
Im Jahr 1995 wurde die Präimplantationsdiagnostik (PID) auf experimenteller Ebene in Maastricht eingeführt. Seit 2003 ist sie Bestandteil des Erstattungssystems des niederländischen Ministry Public Health, Welfare and Sport.

PID wird nur Paaren ermöglicht, die mit einem Risiko für eine schwerwiegende monogene Erkrankung, strukturellen Chromosomenanomalien oder mitochondrialen Erkrankungen bei ihren Nachkommen rechnen müssen. Ein Aneuploidiescreening zur Verbesserung der Erfolgsraten und assistierte Reproduktionstechnologien wie In-vitro-Fertilisation (IVF) oder Intrazytoplasmatische Spermieninjektion (ICSI) waren nie Gegenstand des PID-Programms.
2008 beschloss die niederländische Regierung, eine „National Indications Commission“ einzurichten, die bei neuen Krankheitsentitäten prüfen soll, ob die Kriterien für die Zulassung einer PID erfüllt sind: 1. die Schwere und Art der Erkrankung, 2. bestehende Möglichkeiten für Prävention und Behandlung, 3. zusätzliche medizinische Kriterien und 4. psychologische und ethische Faktoren.
Geschlechtsbestimmung (aus sozialen Gründen) ist auch in den Niederlanden, wie in den meisten europäischen Ländern, nicht erlaubt. Eine PID für die Diagnose sog. Rettungskinder ist nur dann erlaubt, wenn unabhängig hiervon eine Indikation für eine PID der genetischen Erkrankung besteht. HLA-Typisierung ohne Indikation für eine genetische Erkrankung ist hingegen nicht zulässig.
Das Maastricht University Medical Center (UMC) übernimmt die gesamte genetische Diagnostik und verfügt über die mit den Universitäten von Utrecht, Groningen und Amsterdam abgestimmten (University Medical Centre (UMC) Utrecht, University Medical Centre (UMC) Groningen and the Amsterdam Medical Centre (AMC)) SOPs für die PID-Transporte.
Zwischen 1995 und 2015 wurden insgesamt 2870 Zyklen bei 1430 Paaren durchgeführt. Der häufigste Grund für eine Überweisung zur PID war die Huntington-Krankheit, gefolgt von erblichem Brust- und Eierstockkrebs. Unter den weiteren Indikationen sind weit mehr autosomal-dominante genetisch bedingte Erkrankungen als autosomal-rezessive. Unter den zuletzt genannten stehen an erster Stelle Mukoviszidose und danach die spinale Muskelatrophie (SMA). Die Erfolgsrate liegt bei 20 % pro Zyklusbeginn und bei 25 % pro Embryonentransfer. Die Anzahl der Behandlungszyklen pro Paar liegt fast exakt bei 2,0.
Adult Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I: A Narrative Review
Authors: Bussa Martino , Mascaro Adriana , Cuffaro Lorena , Rinaldi Simona 
Published: November 2016

Complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS I) is a multifactorial painful disorder with a complex pathogenesis. Both peripheral and central mechanisms are involved. Acute CRPS I is considered to be an exaggerated inflammatory disorder; however, over time, because of altered function of the sympathetic nervous system and maladaptive neuroplasticity, CRPS I evolves into a neurological disorder. This review thoroughly describes the pathophysiological aspects of CRPS I and summarizes the potential therapeutic options. The mechanisms and targets of the treatment are different in the early and late stages of the disease. This current review builds on a previous review by this author group by deepening the role of the peripheral classic and neuronal inflammatory component in the acute stage of this painful disorder.Level of EvidenceNot applicable.
New Talaromyces species from indoor environments in China
Authors: Chen A.J. , Sun B.D. , Houbraken J. , Frisvad J.C. , Yilmaz N. , Zhou Y.G. , Samson R.A. 
Published: November 2016

Talaromyces contains both asexual and sexually reproducing species. This genus is divided in seven sections and currently has 105 accepted species. In this study we investigated the Talaromyces isolates that were obtained during a study of indoor air collected in Beijing,
China. These indoor Talaromyces strains are resolved in four sections, seven of them are identified as T. islandicus, T. aurantiacus, T. siamensis and T. albobiverticillius according to BenA sequences, while 14 isolates have divergent
sequences and are described here as nine new species. The new species are placed in four sections, namely sections Helici, Islandici, Talaromyces and Trachyspermi. They are described based on sequence data (ITS, BenA, CaM and RPB2) in combination
with phenotypic and extrolite characters. Morphological descriptions and notes for distinguishing similar species are provided for each new species. The recently described T. rubrifaciens is synonymised with T. albobiverticillius based on presented phylogenetic results.
Establishing a Standard of Care for Deep Brain Stimulation Centers in Canada
Authors: Panisset Michel , Picillo Marina , Jodoin Nicolas , Poon Yu-Yan , Valencia-Mizrachi Alejandro , Fasano Alfonso , Munhoz Renato , Honey Christopher R. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDuring the “DBS Canada Day” symposium held in Toronto July 4-5, 2014, the scientific committee invited experts to share their knowledge regarding deep brain stimulation (DBS) management of movement disorders in three domains: (1) the programming algorithms, (2) the necessary team to run a neurosurgery program, and (3) the appropriate scales to better define in a more comprehensive fashion the effect of the brain surgery. Each presentation was followed by an open discussion, and this article reports on the conclusions of this meeting on these three questions. Concerning programming, the role of the pulse width and the switching off of the stimulation at night for thalamic stimulation for the control of tremor have been discussed. The algorithms proposed in the literature for programming in Parkinson’s disease (PD) need validation. In dystonia, the use of monopolar vs bipolar parameters, the use of low vs high frequencies and the use of smaller versus larger pulse widths all need to be examined properly. Concerning the necessary team to run a neurosurgical program, recommendations will follow the suggestions for standardized outcome measures. Regarding the outcome measures for DBS in PD, investigations need to focus on the non-motor aspects of PD. Identifying which nonmotor symptoms respond to DBS would allow a better screening before and satisfaction postoperatively. There is an important need for more data to determine the optimal programming protocol and the standard measures that should be performed routinely by all centers.
WANG YANGMING IN BEIJING, 1510–1512: “IF I DO NOT AWAKEN OTHERS, WHO WILL DO SO?”
Authors: Israel George Lawrence 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTAfter being recalled to Beijing in 1510 for evaluation and reassignment in the wake of his two-year exile to Guizhou and his period of service as a magistrate, Wang Yangming was assigned to a succession of posts at the capital that kept him there through 1512. During that short time, he remained disillusioned with the Ming court and high politics and chose to put his energies into fostering a philosophical movement. He believed that by restoring the “way of master-disciple relations and friendship,” he could help propagate the learning of the sages. To that end, he heldjiangxuegatherings with colleagues and friends and carried on an active correspondence. In those venues, Wang Yangming engaged others with his ideas about the goal of sagehood, the obstacles to attaining it, and the methods for overcoming those obstacles. The following article reconstructs this critical period in Wang Yangming's philosophical development and the intellectual movement he sought to foster, as well as the status of his philosophy as of this point in time.
Asymmetric hybridization between non-native winter moth,Operophtera brumata(Lepidoptera: Geometridae), and native Bruce spanworm,Operophtera bruceata, in the Northeastern United States, assessed with novel microsatellites and SNPs
Authors: Havill N.P. , Elkinton J. , Andersen J.C. , Hagen S.B. , Broadley Hannah J. , Boettner G.J. , Caccone A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe European winter moth,Operophtera brumata, is a non-native pest in the Northeastern USA causing defoliation of forest trees and crops such as apples and blueberries. This species is known to hybridize withO. bruceata, the Bruce spanworm, a native species across North America, although it is not known if there are hybrid generations beyond F1. To study winter moth population genetics and hybridization with Bruce spanworm, we developed two sets of genetic markers, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and microsatellites, using genomic approaches. Both types of markers were validated using samples from the two species and their hybrids. We identified 1216 SNPs and 24 variable microsatellite loci. From them we developed a subset of 95 species-diagnostic SNPs and ten microsatellite loci that could be used for hybrid identification. We further validated the ten microsatellite loci by screening field collected samples of both species and putative hybrids. In addition to confirming the presence of F1 hybrids reported in previous studies, we found evidence for multi-generation asymmetric hybridization, as suggested by the occurrence of hybrid backcrosses with the winter month, but not with the Bruce spanworm. Laboratory crosses between winter moth females and Bruce spanworm males resulted in a higher proportion of viable eggs than the reciprocal cross, supporting this pattern. We discuss the possible roles of population demographics, sex chromosome genetic incompatibility, and bacterial symbionts as causes of this asymmetrical hybridization and the utility of the developed markers for future studies.
THE WORKING METHODS OF THE UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL: MAINTAINING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CHANGE
Authors: Harrington Joanna 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe United Nations Security Council is often described as an opaque body, closed in both membership and approach, and unaccountable for its conduct. For many years, this view has motivated calls for reform to the Council's working methods. This article aims to shine light on the Council's approach to process matters, recognizing the Council's preference for making change through developments in practice. The article reviews the efforts undertaken by the ‘Small Five’ group of States from 2005 to 2012, followed by the efforts since 2013 of the Accountability, Coherence and Transparency Group, while also acknowledging the contributions made by Japan. With some proposals having received some degree of Council support, the sustained implementation of change is identified as the key priority. The article argues for the contextual application of the key concepts of transparency, engagement and accountability, as well as prevention, to provide a principled basis for both the maintenance and development of working methods reform.
Relay intercropping and mineral fertilizer effects on biomass production, maize productivity and weed dynamics in contrasting soils under conservation agriculture
Authors: MHLANGA B. , CHEESMAN S. , MAASDORP B. , MUPANGWA W. , THIERFELDER C. 
Published: November 2016

SUMMARYCash-constrained farmers who cannot afford herbicides and mineral fertilizers may incorporate green manure cover crops (GMCCs) as relay crops to aid in management of weeds and nitrogen in maize systems under conservation agriculture in cases where rotations are a challenge. An experiment was conducted at two sites with contrasting soil types, University of Zimbabwe farm (clay) and Domboshawa Training Centre (sandy) to investigate the effects of maize/velvet bean intercropping at 8 weeks after planting maize (WAPM), applying different fertilizer rates and exploring their interactive effects on weed composition, maize productivity and biomass production [total maize non-cob biomass (stover) plus GMCC biomass]. The performance of the system depended largely on the amount of rainfall received within and across the seasons, sites and their interaction; also on the amount of fertilizer applied. Generally, biomass yields attained by velvet bean [Mucuna pruriensL. (DC.)] were lower than reported previously. Maize grain yield and weed diversity were higher in treatments with higher fertilizer rates, reaching up to 5·1 t/ha and 1·39, respectively. Generally, the highest weed diversity and highest maize grain yield values were observed in maize/velvet bean combinations and higher fertilizer rates (i.e. 0·27 and 4·8 t/ha, respectively) in the sandy soil. Higher fertilizer rates resulted in greater maize stover yield and this contributed greatly to the biomass productivity of the system in the sandy soil in the 2012/13 season, while the high biomass productivity observed in velvet bean in the clay site in the final season contributed significantly to productivity. Maize productivity was not affected by velvet bean introduced at 8 WAPM in any of the seasons. The present study showed that relay cropping velvet bean as late as 8 WAPM and onwards has potential to increase biomass production without compromising maize yields. However, planting it as late as 8 WAPM results in reduced productivity due to reduced moisture availability.
Face processing in adolescents with positive and negative threat bias
Authors: Sylvester C. M. , Petersen S. E. , Luby J. L. , Barch D. M. 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundIndividuals with anxiety disorders exhibit a ‘vigilance-avoidance’ pattern of attention to threatening stimuli when threatening and neutral stimuli are presented simultaneously, a phenomenon referred to as ‘threat bias’. Modifying threat bias through cognitive retraining during adolescence reduces symptoms of anxiety, and so elucidating neural mechanisms of threat bias during adolescence is of high importance. We explored neural mechanisms by testing whether threat bias in adolescents is associated with generalized or threat-specific differences in the neural processing of faces.MethodSubjects were categorized into those with (n = 25) and without (n = 27) threat avoidance based on a dot-probe task at average age 12.9 years. Threat avoidance in this cohort has previously been shown to index threat bias. Brain response to individually presented angry and neutral faces was assessed in a separate session using functional magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsAdolescents with threat avoidance exhibited lower activity for both angry and neutral faces relative to controls in several regions in the occipital, parietal, and temporal lobes involved in early visual and facial processing. Results generalized to happy, sad, and fearful faces. Adolescents with a prior history of depression and/or an anxiety disorder had lower activity for all faces in these same regions. A subset of results replicated in an independent dataset.ConclusionsThreat bias is associated with generalized, rather than threat-specific, differences in the neural processing of faces in adolescents. Findings may aid in the development of novel treatments for anxiety disorders that use attention training to modify threat bias.
Increasing life expectancy and NDC pension systems
Authors: KNELL MARKUS 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this paper, I study how pay-as-you-go pension systems of the notional defined contribution type can be designed such that they remain financially stable in the presence of increasing life expectancy. For this to happen three crucial parameters must be set in an appropriate way: the notional interest rate, the adjustment rate and the annuity conversion factor. I show that there exist two main approaches to implement a stable system. The first uses period-specific annuitization and indexation rates that correct for labor force increases, which are only due to rises in the retirement age which are necessary to ‘neutralize’ the increase in life expectancy. The second approach uses cohort-specific annuitization and indexation rates that are larger than in a stationary situation. This is due to the fact that a continuously increasing life expectancy leads to higher internal rates of return that can be passed on via the indexation.
THE DEMISE OF INTEGRATION
Authors: Smith Christi M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractRacial integration has been a tenet of educational equity for over fifty years. Despite this, U.S. higher education presents staggering rates of segregation. Strikingly, there is little scholarship to answer the question of how integrated colleges segregated? I interrogate the process of segregation over a fifty-year period through a comparative historical analysis of the broader field of higher education and case studies of three nineteenth-century colleges. Through analysis of independently collected archival materials, I show that local-level organization of racial contact fails to account for the success or failure of racial integration in schools. Instead, I show that the interaction between colleges—and the emergence of a competitive field of higher education—undermined even successfully integrated campuses. Mesolevel practices are important for revealing how organizational actors implement rationalized cultural ideas as well as how local-level ideas are negotiated in a situated field. The growth of intercollegiate college competition differentiated not only particular types of education but also consecrated groups of people. Further, this reveals the production of cultural meanings around race as a differentiation strategy in response to interorganizational competition.
Prompt gravity signal induced by the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake
Authors: Montagner Jean-Paul , Juhel Kévin , Barsuglia Matteo , Ampuero Jean Paul , Chassande-Mottin Eric , Harms Jan , Whiting Bernard , Bernard Pascal , Clévédé Eric , Lognonné Philippe 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTransient gravity changes are expected to occur at all distances during an earthquake rupture, even before the arrival of seismic waves. Here we report on the search of such a prompt gravity signal in data recorded by a superconducting gravimeter and broadband seismometers during the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake. During the earthquake rupture, a signal exceeding the background noise is observed with a statistical significance higher than 99% and an amplitude of a fraction of μGal, consistent in sign and order of magnitude with theoretical predictions from a first-order model. While prompt gravity signal detection with state-of-the-art gravimeters and seismometers is challenged by background seismic noise, its robust detection with gravity gradiometers under development could open new directions in earthquake seismology, and overcome fundamental limitations of current earthquake early-warning systems imposed by the propagation speed of seismic waves.
Altered intestinal microbiota–host mitochondria crosstalk in new onset Crohn’s disease
Authors: Mottawea Walid , Chiang Cheng-Kang , Mühlbauer Marcus , Starr Amanda E. , Butcher James , Abujamel Turki , Deeke Shelley A. , Brandel Annette , Zhou Hu , Shokralla Shadi , Hajibabaei Mehrdad , Singleton Ruth , Benchimol Eric I. , Jobin Christian , Mack David R. , Figeys Daniel , Stintzi Alain 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIntestinal microbial dysbiosis is associated with Crohn’s disease (CD). However, the mechanisms leading to the chronic mucosal inflammation that characterizes this disease remain unclear. In this report, we use systems-level approaches to study the interactions between the gut microbiota and host in new-onset paediatric patients to evaluate causality and mechanisms of disease. We report an altered host proteome in CD patients indicative of impaired mitochondrial functions. In particular, mitochondrial proteins implicated in H2S detoxification are downregulated, while the relative abundance of H2S microbial producers is increased. Network correlation analysis reveals that Atopobium parvulum controls the central hub of H2S producers. A. parvulum induces pancolitis in colitis-susceptible interleukin-10-deficient mice and this phenotype requires the presence of the intestinal microbiota. Administrating the H2S scavenger bismuth mitigates A. parvulum-induced colitis in vivo. This study reveals that host–microbiota interactions are disturbed in CD and thus provides mechanistic insights into CD pathogenesis.
Spontaneous formation of structurally diverse membrane channel architectures from a single antimicrobial peptide
Authors: Wang Yukun , Chen Charles H. , Hu Dan , Ulmschneider Martin B. , Ulmschneider Jakob P. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMany antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) selectively target and form pores in microbial membranes. However, the mechanisms of membrane targeting, pore formation and function remain elusive. Here we report an experimentally guided unbiased simulation methodology that yields the mechanism of spontaneous pore assembly for the AMP maculatin at atomic resolution. Rather than a single pore, maculatin forms an ensemble of structurally diverse temporarily functional low-oligomeric pores, which mimic integral membrane protein channels in structure. These pores continuously form and dissociate in the membrane. Membrane permeabilization is dominated by hexa-, hepta- and octamers, which conduct water, ions and small dyes. Pores form by consecutive addition of individual helices to a transmembrane helix or helix bundle, in contrast to current poration models. The diversity of the pore architectures—formed by a single sequence—may be a key feature in preventing bacterial resistance and could explain why sequence–function relationships in AMPs remain elusive.
Defective mitochondrial DNA homeostasis in the substantia nigra in Parkinson disease
Authors: Dölle Christian , Flønes Irene , Nido Gonzalo S. , Miletic Hrvoje , Osuagwu Nelson , Kristoffersen Stine , Lilleng Peer K. , Larsen Jan Petter , Tysnes Ole-Bjørn , Haugarvoll Kristoffer , Bindoff Laurence A. , Tzoulis Charalampos 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIncreased somatic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutagenesis causes premature aging in mice, and mtDNA damage accumulates in the human brain with aging and neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson disease (PD). Here, we study the complete spectrum of mtDNA changes, including deletions, copy-number variation and point mutations, in single neurons from the dopaminergic substantia nigra and other brain areas of individuals with Parkinson disease and neurologically healthy controls. We show that in dopaminergic substantia nigra neurons of healthy individuals, mtDNA copy number increases with age, maintaining the pool of wild-type mtDNA population in spite of accumulating deletions. This upregulation fails to occur in individuals with Parkinson disease, however, resulting in depletion of the wild-type mtDNA population. By contrast, neuronal mtDNA point mutational load is not increased in Parkinson disease. Our findings suggest that dysregulation of mtDNA homeostasis is a key process in the pathogenesis of neuronal loss in Parkinson disease.
Atomically resolved phase transition of fullerene cations solvated in helium droplets
Authors: Kuhn M. , Renzler M. , Postler J. , Ralser S. , Spieler S. , Simpson M. , Linnartz H , Tielens A. G. G. M. , Cami J. , Mauracher A. , Wang Y. , Alcamí M. , Martín F. , Beyer M. K. , Wester R. , Lindinger A. , Scheier P. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHelium has a unique phase diagram and below 25 bar it does not form a solid even at the lowest temperatures. Electrostriction leads to the formation of a solid layer of helium around charged impurities at much lower pressures in liquid and superfluid helium. These so-called ‘Atkins snowballs’ have been investigated for several simple ions. Here we form HenC60+ complexes with n exceeding 100 via electron ionization of helium nanodroplets doped with C60. Photofragmentation of these complexes is measured by merging a tunable narrow-bandwidth laser beam with the ions. A switch from red- to blueshift of the absorption frequency of HenC60+ on addition of He atoms at n=32 is associated with a phase transition in the attached helium layer from solid to partly liquid (melting of the Atkins snowball). Elaborate molecular dynamics simulations using a realistic force field and including quantum effects support this interpretation.