bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uropathogenic Bacterial Detection and Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern in Urine Specimens Referred to Al anbar Province
Authors: Almawla Saleem Obaid Gatia , Rajab Nabeel Ahmed , Edan Ali Ebrahim , Mohammed Abdualah Thabit 
Published: October 2024

For clinicians treating patients, antimicrobial resistance is becoming a significant concern. This brief study was therefore conducted to find out how common it is for bacterial isolates that are resistant to multiple drugs (MDR), XDR, and PDR, as well as extensively drug-resistant (XDR), in Anbar hospital. The microbiology department cultivated the clinical samples and identified the bacterial strains. The detection of MDR, XDR, and PDR microorganisms was accomplished by analyzing the antibiotic susceptibility profile of various bacterial isolates. 257 children and adult patients from both sexes were included in this study. The total number of urine samples that gave positive bacterial culture results were 114 (44.4%) and the number of samples that gave negative results was 143(55.6%) . The antibiotic susceptibility profile of 114 bacterial strains was studied. 90(78.9) of gram negative bacteria strains were MDR, (8.9%) ,(72.2%) XDR, and (18.9%)PDR was isolated. 24 (21.1%)Gram positive bacterial egative bacteria strains were MDR, (33.3%) ,(54.2%) XDR, and (12.5%) PDR was isolated. To effectively combat the threat of antibiotic resistance, all clinical microbiology laboratories need to closely monitor MDR, XDR, and PDR.
Effects of Letrozole And Metformin Versus Metformin alone on incretin in Iraqi patients with PCOS
Authors: Mahdi Dr. Shatha Salih , Kadhim Dr. Sinaa Abdul Amir 
Published: October 2024

I Background: The emergence of numerous novel therapeutic agents for managing T2DM has expanded the assortment of tailored therapies available for PCOS sick. One illustration of these is the incretin-based therapeutic agents.
Patients and methods:The extanttrainingcomprised 75 sickthrough an age extent of 18 to less than 40 years. Patients were categorized into three groups: metformin group (positive control group) and they received metformin as 500 mg per-oral (bid); letrozole group who were treated using 2.5 mg per-oral (bid), and combination groups who received both agents with similar doses as above. Each group included 25 females. Informationalmost age and body mass index (BMI) stayed included in the study. Serum measurement of incretin (GLP-1) was done before treatment and 90 days after treatment using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay.
Results: There stayed no importantvariance in mean age (p = 0.981) betweentraining groups and means of age were 29.24 ± 6.10 years, 29.56 ± 5.50 years and 29.44± 5.83 years, respectively and the range of age was between 18 and 40 years. In addition, in this training, there stayed no importantalteration in mean BMI (p = 0.534) among study groups and means of BMI were 28.80 ±2.72 kg/m2, 27.53 ±1.95 kg/m2 and 27.07 ±1.99 kg/m2, respectively and the range of BMI was between 21.07 and 31.18 kg/m2. Serum incretin (GLP-1) level showed no significant variation among study groups, the mean levels were in the range of 10.87 -13.79 ng/ml and the range of values was from 9.56 -14.49 ng/ml. Changes in BMI are shown in. Metformin alone caused in more important weight decrease; nevertheless, adding of letrozole caused significant reduction in body mass index, letrozole alone also affect body weight significantly. It was observed that combined use of either drug resulted in more significant change of GLP-1 level at (p ≤ 0.001).
Conclusion: Combined treatment with letrozole and metformin is safe and efficient in femalesby PCOS resultant in weight decrease, improved insulin
Epidemiological profile for type 2 diabetic patients in Babylon City: Across sectional study
Authors: Al- sultani Safa Salman Challoob , AL-Nasrawii Assist. Prof. Maytham Salim , Assi Assist. Prof. Dr. Mohammed Abdulrazzaq 
Published: October 2024

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a multifaceted and enduring metabolic disorder that has become a prominent global health concern. The global impact of this issue is significant, affecting a large population and presenting substantial health risks, thereby placing a considerable strain on healthcare systems. Type 2 diabetes is a significant public health problem responsible for several macro and microvascular complications. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological profile of type 2 diabetic patients how attending to the specialized center for endocrinology and diabetes in Babylon City.
Methodology: A sectional study was conducted between 25th of September 2023 to the 18th of April 2024 to determine the epidemiological characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes who was attending to the Specialized Center for Endocrinology and Diabetes in Marjan Teaching Hospital, it's a referral center for diabetes and other endocrinology diseases and received diabetes patients of different ages and both sexes from the different health facilities as Public Hospitals, PHC, and Private Clinics.
Result: - The study included 751 patients; 58.7% were females, and 41.3% were male. 30.8% were in the age group (60-69) years with an average age of 54.2±14.0 for all involved age (18-90) years. The majority, 47.1%, had diabetes duration of less than 10 years. On admission, 87.6 % of patients suffer from a chronic disease other than diabetes, 30.1 % were overweight, and 48.4 % were obese, with the non-significant difference between percentages using the person chi-square test (2-test) at 0.05 level (P= 0.970). On the other hand, 98.8 % of patients had at least one complication on admission: 81.9% had peripheral neuritis, 85 % had eye fatigue, 84.2 % had severe hypoglycemia, 41.3% had high blood pressure, 35.2% had a diabetic foot and lowest percentage 10.1% had brain strokes.
Conclusion: - The patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have an extremely high risk of disease complications.
Exploring the Ecofeminist themes of Resilience and Power in Diane Wilson’s The Seed Keeper
Authors: Hassoon Assist Prof. Ahmad Khalid , Hamdi Sahar Ali 
Published: October 2024

This paper attempts to explore a critical analysis of ecofeminism theory and the principles of dystopian literature in Diane Wilson’s The Seed Keeper (2021). It goes to examine the interconnection between the subjugation of women and the environment, focusing on the oppression of women, the exploitation of nature, the patriarchal and capitalist structures. It aims at describing the ecofeminist themes of resilience and power criticizing the dualistic hierarchies advocating for a social shift towards compassionate values that respect both women and the environment. It endeavors to clarify how The Seed Keeper portrays the Dakota women and their deep connection to the land, highlighting the traditional practices of seed-keeping and cultural resilience and environmental stewardship. It also addresses the intersectionality by revealing the compounded oppression confronted by Indigenous women, and it depicts the resistance and empowering woman throughout the protagonist’s journey of reclaiming her heritage and reconnecting with the land.
Isolate and Molecular Identification of Bundle Forming Pilus Gene for Escherichia coli Caused Caw Mastitis
Authors: Oleiwi Zuhier Moqkbel , Abood Walaa Najm 
Published: October 2024

Mastitis is one of the disease infected Caws and effect of their milk product lead economic loss. The aim of this study isolated and molecular identification Bundle Forming Pilus Gene for Escherichia coli caused Caw mastitis. Samples were collected from Caws infected with Mastitis at different farm in Iraq, then applied for cultivation on the suitable media for isolated of E. coli. The E.coli isolates was confirmed by VITEK II automated microbial identification system method and identification by PCR method for expression of bundle forming pilus gene. The result was shown that (9 from 100) from mastitis cases give E. coli positive. All E.coli isolates were confirmed by VITEK method. All E.coli isolates were expressed of bundle forming pilus gene. Conclusion: E.coli caused severe mastitis in Caw and the severity of infection come from express of bundle forming pilus gene that increases the virulence of E.coli be more resistance to antibiotics and unsuitable conditions that may be lead to many serious diseases if dietary contaminated with mastitis E.coli .
Molecular characterization of blaTEM and blaCTX-M ESBLs genes producing Escherichia coli isolates from urinary tract infections (UTIs) in Al-Basrah province, Iraq
Authors: Mohammed Ahmed. J. , Al-Amara Saad S. Mahdi , Al- Hejjaj Murtakab Y. 
Published: October 2024

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are primarily caused by Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae bacteria, accounting for 80–90% of uropathogenic Escherichia coli infections. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, such as extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLS), pose a significant threat to global healthcare systems. The current study relied on 200 urine samples collected from patients suffering urinary tract infections (UTIs) in Al Sadr Teaching Hospital in Al-Basrah Province,Iraq from the 5th January to 22nd February. A result of cultivated 200 samples collected from urinary tract infection patients showed 71 (35.5%) positive samples on MacConkey agar, eosin methylene blue (EMB), and HiChromeTM E.coli agar, and bacterial growth was distributed to 47 (66.2%) Escherichia coli and 24 (33.8%) of Gram-negative species. The diagnostic gene 16S rDNA by PCR method showed that all 47 E. coli isolates had a molecular weight of around 585 bp at 100%. Furthermore, positive results were shown in 44 (93.6%) of the E.coli isolates in the current study that produced ESBLs by using the double-disc approximation method (DAM). While 3 (6.4%) isolates revealed negative results for ESBLs, whereas the13(27.7%) of the E.coli isolates gave positive results for ESBL. While 34(72.3%) E.coli isolates showed negative results for produced ESBLs by using the double-disc synergy test (DDST), there were significant differences (P<0.01) between positive and negative isolates in both methods used to detect ESBL-producing isolates. Extended-spectrum β-lactamses (ESBLs) genes were detected by using PCR to amplify the blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes in E.coli isolates. The amplified genes' bands were characterised approximately at (800 bp) for blaTEM and (754 bp) for blaCTX-M , the products were compared to the standard molecular DNA ladder at (2000 bp). According to the results, 47(100%) E.coli isolates gave positive results for the blaTEM gene. While blaCTX-M gene was shown, only 23(48.9%) E.coli isolates had positive results for the blaCTX-M gene.
The Implications of Micro-Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in Surgical Treatment of Multi-nodular Goiter
Authors: AL-baaj Hussain Taher Abbas 
Published: October 2024

Background: papillary thyroid micro-carcinoma (PTMC) is defined as papillary thyroid carcinoma less than 10mm in diameter, it is common pathology and form one third of PTC, its management is debatable due to its aggressive behavior in some cases. its diagnosis are done incidentally in most of cases but recent ultrasound with FNCA increase the incidence of diagnosis.
Patients and methods: The Study is conducted on 147 cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) that operated upon between 2018-2022 for goiter randomly. The type of surgery is either lobectomy, total thyroidectomy or partial thyroidectomy. The pathologist decreases the thyroid lesion to less than few mm in diameter instead of more than 10 mm that done previously. the cases are divided into 3 group: group A include micro-carcinoma; group B include malignant nodule more than 1 cm in multi-nodular goiter (MNG) and group C that include single papillary nodule.
Result: of 149 cases with PTC, 47 cases are PTMC (group A), 27 cases are in group B that include PTC more than one centimeter in diameter and group C that present with solitary malignant nodules that include 75 cases. Of 47 cases with PTMC, 27 cases contain malignant foci between 1-3 mm while in 11 cases, the size between 4-5 mm and 9 cases with diameter between 6 to 9 mm. Thirty–nine of PTMC cases are seen in MNG, 7 cases in Hashomoto s thyroiditis and one case in graves’ disease.
Ten of 16 cases of colloid MNG are between, the size of malignant nodule are in range of 1-1.5 cm. seven of 11 cases of PTC in Hashomoto s are multifocal.
Conclusion: PTMC is common pathology, mainly seen in MNG, and in most of the cases, they are small in size 3mm or less in diameter and difficult to recognize by ultrasound so adoption of total lobectomy or total thyroidectomy instead of partial thyroidectomy ensure complete excision of this pathology which may have unexpected behavior in some cases. PTC (more than 1 cm) on background of MNG, mainly are of small size and present in non-dominant nodule.
The Inflammatory Cytokines in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Their effect in the Progression and Pathogenesis of the Disease
Authors: Naser Saad Ali , Thuwaini Mahdi M. , Al-Snafi Ali Esmail 
Published: October 2024

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disorder affected the entire body.
Aims of the study: Estimation of levels of inflammatory biomarkers in patients with RA and investigation of their impact on the development and severity of the disease.
Methodology: This trial is a case-control one involving 44 patients with RA and 44 healthy age matched controls. Blood samples (5 ml) were collected from each participant, anti-CCP, RF, CRP, and ANA levels were measured using a Cobas device, while TNF-α, IL-10, IL-6 and IL-1β, were determined by an ELISA assay.
Result: The results showed no significant variations in age, place of residence, and smoking between the RA and control groups, while there were significant variations in BMI, gender, and professional status. The levels of ESR, anti-CCP, RF, ANA, and CRP were significantly elevated in the RA group (P<0.001 for each) than in the control group. The study of cytokine levels also showed significant variations between the two groups, with an increase in TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, and a decrease in IL-10 in the patients. IL-1β was positively correlated with age, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α.
Conclusions: The results indicate that cytokines levels such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and CRP are elevated in RA patients, reflecting elevated inflammatory activity, while levels of IL-10 are decreased, which may contribute to the exacerbation of the disease.
Evaluating Cytokine of Human of Cytomegalovirus by RT-qPCR
Authors: Issa R Wafaa Abdul kadhim , Alameedy Fadyia Mahdi Muslim 
Published: October 2024

Human samples from renal failure patients were collected from 25 July 2023 to 19 October 2023. Renal Failure was included (1 – 80 years). The RT-qPCR, Method was detected The RT-qPCR, Method was used to detect INF and IL17 of all samples. The population groups studied samples subject groups were distributed into 5 groups including (1-16,17-33,34-50,51-67,68-84) years, changed age to gender. The samples were isolated from the hospitals, including (Al-Nasiriyah Teaching Hospital and Dialysis Center, and Al-Hussein Hospital) The first study in Iraq to immunity study cytokine in patients with renal failure by molecular technique RTqPCR.
Immunoglobulin E and Serum Interleukin-13 and Bacteria in Patients with Alopecia Areata
Authors: Frman Anfal , Gaidan Ayad M 
Published: October 2024

Alopecia areata (AA) is a form of hair loss that does not result in permanent scars. The etiopathology of it is not completely understood. To evaluate the serum concentration of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and interleukin-13 (IL-13) in patients diagnosed with AA and determine the bacterial strain present in individuals with infections. The study comprised a sample of 60 women afflicted with alopecia areata and 30 women who were in good health, serving as controls.The levels of IgE and IL-13 in the serum were evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test(ELISA). The microorganisms were identified by conventional techniques and verified using Vitek technology. for IgE showed highly significant differences (p value < 0.1) Between patients and the control group, Regarding IL-13, the results showed significant differences (p value < 0.05), Between patients and the control group, Regarding age As for IgE, there is no significant difference between patients in the three groups (p value > 0.05), but it is different from the control (p value < 0.05).IL-13 There are significant differences (p value < 0.05). Among adults, the level of interleukin is higher than that of middle and young people. The weight-related results demonstrated significant variability across patients (p value < 0.05), with obese individuals exhibiting higher levels of IGE and IL-13 compared to those of medium and underweight. Regarding, In relation to bacteria, the percentages were as stated S.epedermidis (50.98%) , (S.aureus33.33%) mixed , S.aureus + S.epedermidis , (9.8%) E.coli (1.96%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa(1.96 %) , Granulicatella elegans (1.96%) .Total is IgE and IL-13 increased in patients with alopecia areata, Regarding bacteria, we need other studies to prove their role in alopecia areata.
Detection of indicator genes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from meat samples
Authors: Hussein Hussein Ali , Salman Khawlah Abdallah , Jawad Sahar Mohammed , Thajeel Haider Ali 
Published: October 2024

Aims: The presence of Staphylococcus aureus, particularly methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), on retail meat products is becoming more and more of a concern. The aim of the present study is to examine the recovered strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from different retail beef in Najaf/ Iraq. Methodology and results: The phenotypically by conventional identification. Genotypical examination was made also by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the genes some diagnostic genes for the enterotoxins sea, seb, sed. More than 200 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, from different butchers meat shops. MRSA strains were characterized by streaking on different selective media and biochemically identified as Staphylococcus aureus MRSA. The results showed that the appearance of sea genes in 51% of the isolates. Seb gene was in 18.90% of the isolates while 5.40 % of the isolates displayed sed gene. Also, Resistance towards six different antimicrobial agents was assessed and revealed that the tested strains of Staphylococcus aureus showed different level of resistance for Streptomycin 100%, Cotrimoxazole 100% , Cephalothin 45.90%and Tetracycline 32.3%. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: the majority of molecular isolate types have been connected to human infections globally, demonstrating that these S. aureus strains in Iraq have a potential for serious pathogenicity. The presence of the genes (sea, sed, and seb) in the MERSA isolates from meat in this study is alarming and raising public health concerns.
Effect of Cold Application on Pain Relief during Intravenous Cannulation for Cancer Patients
Authors: Azeez Alaa Kareem , Kadhim Alaa Jawad 
Published: October 2024

Background: The cannulation of intravenous Analgesia is rarely experienced after this unpleasant procedure, which can also induce stress and worry.
Objective: The purpose of the study was to ascertain how cold affected the degree of pain during intravenous cannulation. Methodology: A randomized controlled trial was carried out at the oncology department of AL-Al-Haboubi Teaching Hospital in Dhi-Qar from January 4, 2024, until February 3, 2024. After the sample was selected, 102 patients were divided into two groups in order to achieve the study's objective: 50 patients were assigned to the control group and 52 patients to the experimental group. The experimental group was given cold gel, and self-report data collection was used. A visual analogue scale of 10 cm was used to measure pain. Results: The experimental group's post-test results showed a low mean pain score (28.76+20.491), while the control group's data analysis results showed a high mean score (M+SD 76.54+20.427) and severe discomfort during cannulation insertion. The mean pain score during cannulation insertion varied significantly (p=.001) between the experimental and control groups following the use of cold treatment. Conclusions: According to the study's findings, the cool approach helped to lessen intravenous cannulation pain. Recommendations: The study advised patients to be chilled when receiving intravenous cannulation.
Estimating the Biological Variables of Thyroid Patients and Their Impact on Diabetics in Kirkuk
Authors: Hassan Sara Sami , Zainal Israa Ghassan 
Published: October 2024

Background: Investigating the impact of sugar on biochemical variables in patients with thyroid dysfunction in Kirkuk, including some previously unmeasured biological variables. Materials and Techniques: From November to May, this study occurred in Kirkuk. Blood samples were collected from 120 patients aged 20 to 80 years, including 40 diabetics, 40 with both hyperthyroidism and diabetes, and 40 with both hypothyroidism and diabetes, as well as 40 healthy individuals aged 20 to 40 without chronic diseases. Levels of TSH, T4, T3, HbA1c, GPT, GOT, ALP, and HBs were measured in the serum using Beckman Coulter Access2, Spectrophotometer, and Boditech Med INC I-Chroma AFP-25 devices. Results: The study found that TSH levels were significantly elevated in patients with diabetes and hypothyroidism (P≤0.01), while T4 and T3 levels were significantly decreased (P≥0.01). HbA1c levels showed a significant increase (P≤0.01) in all groups: diabetes with hypothyroidism, diabetes with hyperthyroidism, and diabetes alone. Enzyme levels (GOT, GPT, ALP, HBs) were also significantly elevated (P≤0.01) in these groups. Conclusion: In conclusion, TSH regulation is vital, with high levels indicating hypothyroidism related to obesity and diabetes. Elevated HbA1c shows poor glucose control, and hyperthyroidism with diabetes worsens liver function and glucose metabolism, stressing the need for integrated management.
Relationships of 8 - Isoprostane and Vitamin K Levels With Blood Clotting Time In Last Stage of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Kareem Ruqia Imran , Mahdi Wijdan Thamir , Hussain Aws Rassul 
Published: October 2024

Liver diseases are one of the most serious life-threatening diseases , and among the most important of these diseases is hepatocellular carcinoma, which poses a future challenge to public health. the goal of this work is to explore the existence association between the decrease level of vitamin K and an increase level of 8-isoprostane With a high rate of blood clotting time . The (PT ( in all patients it was high, and rate ranged from ( 21.00 -25.00), while in all the control group was normal . we also found that patients who suffer from HCC substantially reduced levels of VK2, The mean levels of Human VK2 were 135.78 ± 17.15 and 170.69 ± 18.15, in HCC patients / control respectively, However, Mean levels of Human 8-Isoprostane were 3436.44 ± 894.45 and 2389.13 ± 439.66, in HCC patients / control respectively; mean level turns out that it highly significant higher than in HCC patients compare to control . It is concluded that low levels of this vitamin in HCC patients may make liver cells less able to fend off the invasion and spread of cancer cells, while high levels of Human 8-Isoprostane raise the danger of HCC illness in ill individuals and, consequently, increase the risk of death.