bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discrimination of pesticide residues in lettuce based on chemical molecular structure coupled with wavelet transform and near infrared hyperspectra
Authors: Sun Jun , Zhou Xin , Mao Hanping , Wu Xiaohong , Zhang Xiaodong , Li Qinglin 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTo facilitate more quickly and effectively detect the types of pesticide residues on the surface of lettuce, a method involving the chemical molecular structure coupled with wavelet transform (CMS‐WT) was proposed to extract the characteristic wavelength. Five different kinds of pesticide residues were sprayed on the surface of lettuce, respectively, dimethoate, acephate, phoxim, dichlorvos, avermectin (the ratio of pesticides and water were 1:1000). In addition, the near infrared hyperspectral image information of 200 samples in five different kinds of pesticides residue in lettuce were achieved by the NIR hyperspectral imaging system (870–1780 nm). The region of interest (ROI) in hyperspectral image of samples was selected to get the near infrared spectral data by the software of ENVI. Furthermore, CMS‐WT was used to extract the most influential wavelengths. Four characteristic intervals were extracted by comparing the different of pesticides in chemical molecular structures, respectively, 875—1050 nm, 1050—1250 nm, 1350—1550 nm, 1650—1780 nm. Further, the best combination of eight features were selected according to the reorder of the size of the singular value by wavelet transform algorithm using db6 as wavelet basis function, respectively, 919.18, 944.25, 972.25, 1194.20, 1363.81, 1426.69, 1673.29, 1680.74 nm. Finally, SVM model was established according to the extracted characteristic spectral data. The results showed that the calibration and prediction accuracy of SVM model established by the best combination of eight features were all achieved 100%. It confirms that the CMS‐WT feature extraction algorithm is feasible and effective for building models of different pesticide residues in lettuce.Practical applicationsWell understanding the effect of pesticide residues to biological structure is very important for revelation of novel biological function and mechanism of action of the protein. To facilitate more quickly and effectively detect the types of pesticide residues on the surface of lettuce, a method involving the chemical molecular structure coupled with wavelet transform (CMS‐WT) was proposed to extract the characteristic wavelength in this article. It confirms that the CMS‐WT feature extraction algorithm is feasible and effective for building models of different pesticide residues in lettuce.
Assessment of the diagnostic value of a urinary adipsin rapid strip test for pre‐eclampsia: A prospective multicenter study
Authors: Peng Bing , Zhang Li , Yan Jianying , Qi Hongbo , Zhang Weiyuan , Fan Ling , Hu Yayi , Lin Li , Li Xiaotian , Hu Rong , Xie Lan , Zhang Jianping , Wu Yanqiao , Li Li , Zhou Rong 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate the clinical value of the rapid strip test of urinary adipsin for the quick diagnosis of pre‐eclampsia.MethodsIn a multicenter diagnostic test study, we studied the diagnostic accuracy of the rapid strip test of urinary adipsin in women presenting with pre‐eclampsia. A total of 204 pre‐eclampsia patients and 254 healthy pregnant women were recruited for this study, respectively. The rapid strip test of urinary adipsin was used to detect the adipsin in the urine of each patient.ResultsThe diagnostic value of the rapid strip test of urinary adipsin for pre‐eclampsia was demonstrated by its high sensitivity and specificity (95.10% and 97.64%, respectively). The diagnostic accuracy was 96.51%. The consistency analysis showed that the kappa value was 0.93 compared with the gold standard diagnosis of pre‐eclampsia.ConclusionThe rapid strip test of urinary adipsin is a non‐invasive test for the diagnosis of pre‐eclampsia with high sensitivity and specificity. It could help the quick diagnosis of pre‐eclampsia in clinical practice greatly.
Prevalence of high‐risk human papillomavirus infection in women with ovarian endometriosis
Authors: Heidarpour Mitra , Derakhshan Maryam , Derakhshan‐Horeh Marzieh , Kheirollahi Majid , Dashti Sepideh 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimIn this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in ovarian endometriosis and ovarian tissue from women without endometriosis. Understanding the pathogenesis of the disease could help us design preventative strategies as well as novel and appropriate treatment approaches in this regard.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded tissue sections from 50 and 49 ovaries with and without endometriosis, respectively, were evaluated for the presence of high‐risk HPV using the polymerase chain reaction technique. Prevalence of HPV infection and other related characteristics of the studied population were compared.ResultsHigh‐risk HPV infection was detected in 13 (26%) and five (10.2%) of the samples with and without endometriosis, respectively (P = 0.041, χ2 = 3.16). Mean age and parity were not significantly different in subjects with and without HPV infection in the two studied groups (P = 0.7 and P = 0.06 for age in case and control groups, respectively; and P = 0.32 and P = 0.09 for parity in case and control groups, respectively).ConclusionThe results of our study indicated a higher rate of high‐risk HPV infection among patients with endometriosis. The findings could provide us baseline information for future studies regarding the pathogenesis of endometriosis and the role of viral infection and their possible impact on future cancer development in this group of patients.
Oleanolic acid rejuvenates testicular function through attenuating germ cell DNA damage and apoptosis via deactivation of NF-κB, p53 and p38 signalling pathways
Authors: Zhao Haixia , Liu Jing , Song Laixin , Liu Zhencai , Han Guifang , Yuan Ding , Wang Ting , Dun Yaoyan , Zhou Zhiyong , Liu Zhaoqi , Wang Yongjun , Zhang Changcheng 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Objectives
Inflammation can cause degenerative changes of reproductive function. Oleanolic acid (OA), the effective component from Ligustrum lucidum Ait., exhibits significantly anti-inflammation and antiageing activity. However, whether OA restores testicular dysfunction via inhibition of inflammation with ageing is unclear. Here, in a natural ageing rat model, we investigated the protection effects of OA and its mechanism of action.

Methods
Eighteen-month-old Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into ageing control group and two OA-treated groups (5 and 25 mg/kg). Nine-month-old SD rats were used as adult controls. All rats were received either vehicle or OA for 6 months. Then, histomorphology, weight and index of testis, protein expression and immunohistochemistry were examined.

Key findings
Oleanolic acid significantly restored testicular morphology and improved testicular weight and index. Moreover, OA significantly inhibited phospho-NF-κB p65 and its downstream proinflammatory cytokines' expressions, including IL-1β, COX-2 and TNF-α in testis tissues. Similarly, OA remarkably inhibited IL-1β and TNF-α production. OA significantly attenuated germ cells' DNA damage and apoptosis. Such changes were accompanied by downregulation of γH2AX, p-P53 and Bax expressions, and upregulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-2/Bax ratio. In addition, OA remarkably inhibited p38 signalling.

Conclusions
Oleanolic acid effectively rejuvenates testicular function via attenuating germ cell DNA damage and apoptosis through deactivation of NF-κB, p53 and p38 signalling pathways.
Neonatal sepsis and simple minor neurological dysfunction
Authors: Kavas Nazan , Arısoy Ayşe Engin , Bayhan Asuman , Kara Bülent , Günlemez Ayla , Türker Gülcan , Oruç Meral , Gökalp Ayşe Sevim 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundThis study examined potential risk factors for and consequences of simple minor neurological dysfunction (SMND), in a group of very low‐birthweight newborns followed until preschool age.MethodsThis was a prospective longitudinal study. Children with birthweight <1500 g were assessed at 4–6 years of age. Twenty‐eight children with normal neurological examination and 35 children with SMND were included in the final analysis. Risk factors for the development of SMND and its association with certain neuropsychiatric conditions were studied.ResultsBased on neonatal data, in children with SMND, Apgar score at 1 min (6.13 ± 2.37 vs 7.66 ± 1.04, P = 0.008) and at 5 min (8.63 ± 1.29 vs 9.45 ± 0.65, P = 0.019) was lower, duration of hospital stay was longer (45.8 ± 21.8 vs 35.1 ± 18.2 days, P = 0.037), and the frequency of sepsis was higher (73.5 vs 25%, P < 0.001). Sepsis was found to be an independent risk factor for SMND (OR, 7.6; 95% CI: 2.2–26.0; P = 0.001). The children with SMND had lower intelligence quotient and higher prevalence of hyperactivity and refraction error.ConclusionPostnatal sepsis was the single most important risk factor for the development of SMND, and these children with SMND are at great risk for certain neuropsychiatric conditions. Preventive strategies, particularly for sepsis in the neonatal period, and early diagnosis and rehabilitation of future neuropsychiatric disorders are needed for better management of these cases.
Revenue Management of Reusable Resources with Advanced Reservations
Authors: Chen Yiwei , Levi Retsef , Shi Cong 
Published: December 2016

We consider a revenue management problem wherein the seller is endowed with a single type resource with a finite capacity and the resource can be repeatedly used to serve customers. There are multiple classes of customers arriving according to a multi‐class Poisson process. Each customer, upon arrival, submits a service request that specifies his service start time and end time. Our model allows customer advanced reservation times and services times in each class to be arbitrarily distributed and correlated. Upon arrival of each customer, the seller must instantaneously decide whether to accept this customer's service request. A customer whose request is denied leaves the system. A customer whose request is accepted is allocated with a specific item of the resource at his service start time. The resource unit occupied by a customer becomes available to other customers after serving this customer. The seller aims to design an admission control policy that maximizes her expected long‐run average revenue. We propose a policy called the ε‐ perturbation class selection policy ( ε‐CSP), based on the optimal solution in the fluid setting wherein customers are infinitesimal and customer arrival processes are deterministic, under the restriction that the seller can utilize at most (1 − ε) of her capacity for any ε ∈ (0, 1). We prove that the ε‐CSP is near‐optimal. More precisely, we develop an upper bound of the performance loss of the ε‐CSP relative to the seller's optimal revenue, and show that it converges to zero with a square‐root convergence rate in the asymptotic regime wherein the arrival rates and the capacity grow up proportionally and the capacity buffer level ε decays to zero.
Pathogenicity of isolates ofMagnaporthespp. from wheat and grasses infecting seedlings and mature wheat plants in Argentina
Authors: Perelló A. E. , Martinez I. , Sanabria A. , Altamirano R. , Sibole J. V. 
Published: December 2016

Wheat blast of wheat (Triticum aestivum), caused byMagnaporthe oryzaepathotypetriticum(MoT; anamorphPyricularia oryzae) is a destructive disease in the South American countries of Brazil, Paraguay and Bolivia. In Argentina, the fungus was recently recorded on wheat and barley plants in the northeast part of the country, Buenos Aires and Corrientes Provinces, with a potential for spreading. This work aimed to study, for the first time, the morphocultural and pathogenic characteristics ofMagnaportheisolates collected from wheat and other herbaceous species in Argentina and three neighbouring countries (Paraguay, Brazil and Bolivia) and determine their aggressiveness on wheat varieties. Statistical differences among isolates, culture media, and development conditions were found for conidia colour, growth rate, size and sporulation rate. Pathogenicity tests performed on seedlings with 19 isolates ofMagnaporthespp. under greenhouse conditions showed a maximum disease severity of 55.3% and 66.7% for varietiesBIOINTA3004 and Baguette 18, respectively. Weed and grass isolates were infectious on wheat, demonstrating their potential epidemiological role on the disease. Spike disease severity was 34.6% for the host × pathogen interaction ofBIOINTA3004 × PY22. Observed symptoms included partial or total spike bleaching, and glume and rachis discolouration. The 1000‐grain weight was significantly reduced to 38.5% and 63.1% for cultivarsBIOINTA3004 and Baguette 18, respectively. The disease affected grain germination, which fell to 65.9% for seeds infected with thePYAR22 isolate. Symptoms observed in infected grains were partial spotting, grain softening, and rot symptoms with the presence of a greyish mould.
Effectiveness of caregiver-provided cognitive interventions on cognition, social functioning and quality of life among older adults with major neurocognitive disorder: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Silva Rosa , Cardoso Daniela , Abrunheiro Sérgio , Almeida Maria , Apóstolo João 
Published: December 2016

Review question/objective:
The objective of this systematic review is to synthesize the best available evidence on the effectiveness of individual cognitive interventions (CIs) provided by caregivers on cognition, social functioning and quality of life among older adults (≥65 years) with major neurocognitive disorder (NCD).
The review questions are as follows:
What is the best available evidence on the effectiveness of individual CIs provided by caregivers on cognitive domains such as memory, problem-solving and verbal fluency among older adults (≥65 years) with major NCD?
What is the best available evidence regarding the effectiveness of individual CIs provided by caregivers on the social functioning and quality of life among older adults (≥65 years) with major NCD?
Comparative Evaluation of Four Phenotypic Tests for Detection of Carbapenemase-Producing Gram-Negative Bacteria
Authors: Noël Audrey , Huang Te-Din , Berhin Catherine , Hoebeke Martin , Bouchahrouf Warda , Yunus Sami , Bogaerts Pierre , Glupczynski Youri 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

Four screening assays aimed for rapid detection of carbapenemase production from Gram-negative bacterial isolates, i.e., the Neo-Rapid Carb kit (Rosco Diagnostica A/S), the Rapidec Carba NP test (bioMérieux SA), the β Carba test (Bio-Rad Laboratories N.V.), and a homemade electrochemical assay (BYG Carba test) were evaluated against a panel comprising 328 clinical isolates (
Enterobacteriaceae
[
n
= 198] and nonfermentative Gram-negative bacilli [
n
= 130]) with previously characterized resistance mechanisms to carbapenems. Among
Enterobacteriaceae
isolates, the BYG Carba test and the β Carba test showed excellent sensitivities (respectively, 100% and 97.3%) and specificities (respectively, 98.9% and 97.7%). The two other assays yielded poorer performances with sensitivity and specificity of 91.9% and 83.9% for the Rapidec Carba NP test and of 89.2% and 89.7% for the Neo-Rapid Carb kit, respectively. Among
Pseudomonas
spp., sensitivities and specificities ranged, respectively, from 87.3% to 92.7% and from 88.2% to 94.1%. Finally, all tests performed poorly against
Acinetobacter
spp., with sensitivities and specificities, respectively, ranging from 27.3% to 75.8% and from 75 to 100%. Among commercially available assays, the β Carba test appeared to be the most convenient for routine use and showed the best overall performances, especially against OXA-48-like producers. The excellent performance of the BYG Carba test against
Enterobacteriaceae
was confirmed (100% sensitivity and 98.9% specificity).
Use of Recombinant Antigens for Sensitive Serodiagnosis of American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis Caused by Different Leishmania Species
Authors: Sato Camila Massae , Sanchez Maria Carmen Arroyo , Celeste Beatriz Julieta , Duthie Malcolm S. , Guderian Jeffrey , Reed Steven G. , de Brito Maria Edileuza Felinto , Campos Marliane Batista , de Souza Encarnação Helia Valeria , Guerra Jorge , de Mesquita Tirza Gabrielle Ramos , Pinheiro Suzana Kanawati , Ramasawmy Rajendranath , Silveira Fernando Tobias , de Assis Souza Marina , Goto Hiro 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) (also known as cutaneous leishmaniasis [CL]) is caused by various species of protozoa of the genus
Leishmania
. The diagnosis is achieved on a clinical, epidemiological, and pathological basis, supported by positive parasitological exams and demonstration of leishmanin delayed-type hypersensitivity. Serological assays are not routinely used in the diagnosis because many are considered to have low sensitivity and the particular
Leishmania
species causing the disease can lead to variable performance. In the present study, we generated recombinant versions of two highly conserved
Leishmania
proteins,
Leishmania
(
Viannia
)
braziliensis
-derived Lb8E and Lb6H, and evaluated both in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Recombinant Lb6H (rLb6H) had better performance and reacted with 100.0% of the ATL and 89.4% of the VL samples. These reactions with rLb6H were highly specific (98.5%) when compared against those for samples from healthy control individuals. We then assessed rLb6H against sera from ATL patients infected with different species of
Leishmania
prevalent in Brazil [
Leishmania
(
Leishmania
)
amazonensis
,
L
. (
Viannia
)
braziliensis
, and
L
. (
V
.)
guyanensis
] and samples from patients with other infectious diseases. In analyses of 500 sera, ELISA using rLb6H detected all 219 ATL samples (sensitivity of 100.0%) with an overall specificity of 93.9% (considering healthy individuals and other infectious diseases patients). Only a minority of samples from Chagas disease patients possessed antibodies against rLb6H, and all of these responses were low (with a highest reactivity index of 2.2). Taken together, our data support further evaluation of rLb6H and the potential for its routine use in the serological diagnosis of ATL.
Clinical Evaluation and Cost Analysis of Great Basin Shiga Toxin Direct Molecular Assay for Detection of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Diarrheal Stool Specimens
Authors: Faron Matthew L. , Ledeboer Nathan A. , Connolly Jessica , Granato Paul A. , Alkins Brenda R. , Dien Bard Jennifer , Daly Judy A. , Young Stephen , Buchan Blake W. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

The Shiga Toxin Direct molecular assay (ST Direct) relies on nucleic acid amplification and solid array-based amplicon detection to identify Shiga toxin-producing
Escherichia coli
(STEC) in preserved stool specimens. Genes encoding Shiga toxin (
stx
1
and
stx
2
), as well as the
E. coli
serotype O:157-specific marker
rfbE
, are simultaneously detected within 2 h. ST Direct was evaluated using 1,084 prospectively collected preserved stool specimens across five clinical centers. An additional 55 retrospectively collected, frozen specimens were included to increase the number of positive specimens evaluated. Results were compared to results from routine culture and an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) specific for the recovery and identification of STEC. ST Direct was found to be 93.2% sensitive and 99.3% specific for detection of
stx
1
and
stx
2
and 95.7% sensitive and 99.3% specific for detection of
E. coli
serotype O:157. All specimens with false-positive results were found to contain
stx
1
or
stx
2
or were found to be positive for serotype O:157 when analyzed using alternative molecular methods. All 4 false-negative
stx
1
or
stx
2
results were reported for frozen, retrospectively tested specimens. In all cases, the specimens tested positive for
stx
by an alternative FDA-cleared nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) but were negative for
stx
1
and
stx
2
following nucleic acid sequence analysis. Based on these data, culture and EIA-based methods for detection of STEC are only 33% sensitive compared to molecular tests. A retrospective cost analysis demonstrated 59% of the cost of routine stool culture to be attributable to the identification of STEC. Taken together, these data suggest that ST Direct may provide a cost-effective, rapid molecular alternative to routine culture for the identification of STEC in preserved stool specimens.
Evaluation of Correlation between Pretest Probability for Clostridium difficile Infection and Clostridium difficile Enzyme Immunoassay Results
Authors: Kwon Jennie H. , Reske Kimberly A. , Hink Tiffany , Burnham Carey-Ann D. , Dubberke Erik R. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized patients tested for
Clostridium difficile
and determine the correlation between pretest probability for
C. difficile
infection (CDI) and assay results. Patients with testing ordered for
C. difficile
were enrolled and assigned a high, medium, or low pretest probability of CDI based on clinical evaluation, laboratory, and imaging results. Stool was tested for
C. difficile
by toxin enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and toxigenic culture (TC). Chi-square analyses and the log rank test were utilized. Among the 111 patients enrolled, stool samples from nine were TC positive and four were EIA positive. Sixty-one (55%) patients had clinically significant diarrhea, 19 (17%) patients did not, and clinically significant diarrhea could not be determined for 31 (28%) patients. Seventy-two (65%) patients were assessed as having a low pretest probability of having CDI, 34 (31%) as having a medium probability, and 5 (5%) as having a high probability. None of the patients with low pretest probabilities had a positive EIA, but four were TC positive. None of the seven patients with a positive TC but a negative index EIA developed CDI within 30 days after the index test or died within 90 days after the index toxin EIA date. Pretest probability for CDI should be considered prior to ordering
C. difficile
testing and must be taken into account when interpreting test results. CDI is a clinical diagnosis supported by laboratory data, and the detection of toxigenic
C. difficile
in stool does not necessarily confirm the diagnosis of CDI.