bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neighbourhood socioeconomic status and cross-sectional associations with obesity and urinary biomarkers of diet among New York City adults: the heart follow-up study
Authors: Elfassy Tali , Yi Stella S , Llabre Maria M , Schneiderman Neil , Gellman Marc , Florez Hermes , Prado Guillermo , Zeki Al Hazzouri Adina 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveTo determine whether neighbourhood socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and biomarkers of diet (urinary sodium and potassium excretion).DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingThe data reported were from the 2010 Heart Follow-up Study, a population-based representative survey of 1645 adults.ParticipantsCommunity-dwelling diverse residents of New York City nested within 128 neighbourhoods (zip codes).Primary and secondary outcome measuresBMI (kg/m2) and WC (inches) were measured during in-home visits, and 24-hour urine sample was collected to measure biomarkers of diet: sodium (mg/day) and potassium (mg/day), with high sodium and low potassium indicative of worse diet quality.ResultsAfter adjusting for individual-level characteristics using multilevel linear regressions, low versus high neighbourhood SES tertile was associated with 1.83 kg/m2higher BMI (95% CI 0.41 to 3.98) and 251 mg/day lower potassium excretion (95% CI −409 to 93) among women only, with no associations among men (P values for neighbourhood SES by sex interactions <0.05).ConclusionOur results suggest that women may be particularly vulnerable to the effects of a socioeconomically disadvantaged neighbourhood. Future neighbourhood research should explore sex differences, as these can inform tailored interventions.Trial registration numberNCT01889589; Results.
Prevalence of mental ill health, traumas and postmigration stress among refugees from Syria resettled in Sweden after 2011: a population-based survey
Authors: Tinghög Petter , Malm Andreas , Arwidson Charlotta , Sigvardsdotter Erika , Lundin Andreas , Saboonchi Fredrik 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of and associations between anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), low subjective well-being (SWB), potential traumas and postmigration stress among refugees from Syria resettled in Sweden.DesignA cross-sectional and population-based questionnaire study based on a known and complete sample frame. The survey included multiple measures of mental ill health and factors of particular relevance for refugees. Weighted analyses were conducted to calculate representative prevalence rates and associations. Associations were investigated through a series of logistic regression analyses. All analyses were supplemented with robust 95% CIs.SettingSweden.ParticipantsA random sample of 1215 individuals (response rate 30.4%) from Syria aged 18–64 years that were granted residency in Sweden on grounds of asylum between 2011 and 2013.Main outcome measuresAnxiety, depression, PTSD and low SWB were assessed through Hopkins Symptom Checklist, Harvard Trauma Questionnaire and WHO-5 Well-being Index, using established cut-offs.ResultsA majority of the participants met the criteria for at least one of the studied types of mental ill health, and the comorbidity was high. Depression was the most the common type with 40.2% (95% CI 36.9% to 43.3%), followed by low SWB with 37.7% (95% CI 34.8% to 40.1%), anxiety with 31.8% (95% CI 29.2% to 34.7%) and PTSD with 29.9% (95% CI 27.2% to 32.6%). Refugee-related potentially traumatic events (PTEs) experienced before or during migration was common as was substantial levels of postmigration stress. Most types of refugee-related PTEs, especially being exposed to interpersonal violence, and postmigration stress were associated with increased risks for anxiety, depression, low SWB and PTSD.ConclusionsMental ill health, in terms of anxiety, depression, low SWB and PTSD, are highly elevated and comorbid among refugees from Syria. Increased attention from multiple societal sectors to adequately support Syrian refugees’ mental health needs, promoting recovery and reducing postmigration stress are needed.
Pneumonia diagnosis in childhood and incidence of leukaemia, lymphoma and brain cancer: a Danish nationwide cohort study
Authors: Søgaard Kirstine Kobberøe , Farkas Dóra Körmendiné , Sørensen Henrik Toft 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesThere is an ongoing debate on the possible association between infections in early childhood and subsequent cancer risk, but it remains unclear if a hospital admission for infection is associated with risk of childhood cancer diagnosis. We examined if a hospital-based diagnosis of pneumonia was a clinical marker of the three most common childhood cancers.DesignPopulation-based cohort study.SettingDenmark, hospital diagnoses, 1994–2013.MethodsUsing national health registries, we compared the observed incidence of leukaemia, lymphoma and brain cancer among 83 935 children with a hospital-based pneumonia diagnosis with that expected among children in the general population. We calculated absolute cancer risks and standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) as a measure of relative risk.ResultsThe cancer SIRs were substantially increased during the first 6 months of follow-up; lymphoid leukaemia: 6.2 (95% CI 3.5 to 10.3); myeloid leukaemia: 14.8 (95% CI 6.0 to 30.6); Hodgkin’s lymphoma: 60.8 (95% CI 26.2 to 120), non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: 15.9 (95% CI 5.2 to 37.2) and brain cancer: 4.4 (95% CI 1.9 to 8.7). The 6-month absolute risks of leukaemia, lymphoma and brain cancer were all low, reaching 0.05% when combined. An increased risk persisted beyond 5 years for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and brain cancer. However, the 5-year absolute cancer risk was 0.14%.ConclusionsThe short-term incidence of leukaemia, lymphoma and brain cancer was higher than expected and persisted beyond 5 years for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and brain cancer. However, the absolute cancer risk was low.
Assessment of endothelialization of aneurysm wall over time in a rabbit model through CD31 scoring
Authors: Kolumam Parameswaran Praveen , Dai Daying , Ding Yong-Hong , Gunderson Tina , Kallmes David F , Kadirvel Ramanathan 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundIntracranial aneurysms represent a significant health concern and are poorly understood despite decades of research. Our study focused on understanding temporal patterns of endothelial cell distribution in different spatial locations within the aneurysm early after creation in a rabbit model.MethodsElastase induced saccular aneurysms were created in rabbits and harvested on day 1 (n=3) and after 2 (n=5), 4 (n=4), 8 (n=5), and 12 (n=6) weeks. Sham operated controls (n=3) were harvested on the same day. Aneurysm and control tissue samples were subjected to en face whole mount CD31 staining for endothelial cells. Semiquantitative scoring was performed on the basis of endothelial coverage of the vessel wall (proximal, middle, and distal portions of the aneurysm dome). Mixed effects models were used to assess the effect of time and aneurysm section on endothelial coverage.ResultsAneurysmal segments were near completely de-endothelialized at 4 and 8 weeks but had re-endothelialized by 12 weeks. Compared with controls, aneurysms at all time points showed decreased endothelialization, but the difference was only significant compared with the 4 and 8 week groups. Both time (P=0.03) and aneurysm section (P=0.07) were significantly associated with the degree of endothelialization. Proximal locations showed increased endothelialization compared with distal locations (P=0.03).ConclusionIn experimental aneurysms of rabbits, endothelial cells regress during the first month after creation, followed by ascending re-endothelialization that stays incomplete. These findings suggest that re-population of endothelial cells comes from resident cells in the adjacent parent artery and that deranged hemodynamics may affect full reconstitution of endothelial cells long term.
Long-term efficacy and safety of antitumour necrosis factor alpha treatment in rhupus: an open-label study of 15 patients
Authors: Danion François , Sparsa Laetitia , Arnaud Laurent , Alsaleh Ghada , Lefebvre François , Gies Vincent , Martin Thierry , Lukas Cédric , Durckel Jean , Ardizzone Marc , Javier Rose-Marie , Kleinmann Jean-François , Moreau Paul , Blaison Gilles , Goetz Joelle , Chatelus Emmanuel , Gottenberg Jacques-Eric , Sibilia Jean , Sordet Christelle 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundThe efficacy of antitumour necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNF-α) treatment is well recognised in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but remains controversial in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Therefore, the role of anti-TNF-α treatment in ‘Rhupus’, a disease sharing features of RA and SLE, is still debated.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of anti-TNF-α in patients with rhupus.MethodsFifteen patients with rhupus with Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS 28) >3.2 despite conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs were included in an open-label study. Patients were monitored at months (M) 3, 6, 12, 24 and 60 with SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) and DAS 28. Statistical analyses were performed using Bayesian methods and Prob >97.5% was considered significant.ResultsTwelve patients were treated with etanercept for a median duration of 62.5 (range: 6–112) months and three patients by adalimumab during 36.0 (range: 4–52) months. At baseline, median DAS 28 and SLEDAI were 5.94 (4.83–8.09) and 6 (4–8), respectively. DAS 28 and SLEDAI decreased significantly after 3 months, respectively, to 3.70 (1.80–6.42) and 4 (0–6) (Prob >99.9%, for both). These changes persisted at M6, M12, M24 and M60 (Prob >99.9%, for all). Median prednisone dose decreased significantly from 15 (5–35) mg/day to 5 (0–20) mg/day after 6 months and over the follow-up (Prob >99.9%, for all). Tolerance was acceptable, with a severe infection rate of 3.0 per 100 patient-years.ConclusionThis pilot study suggests that anti-TNF-α is effective in patients with rhupus with refractive arthritis and has an acceptable safety profile.
History of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes, Blood Pressure, and Subclinical Vascular Measures in Late Midlife: SWAN (Study of Women's Health Across the Nation)
Authors: Cortés Yamnia I. , Catov Janet M. , Brooks Maria , Harlow Siobán D. , Isasi Carmen R. , Jackson Elizabeth A. , Matthews Karen A. , Thurston Rebecca C. , Barinas‐Mitchell Emma 
Published: December 2017

Background

Adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm birth (
PTB
), have been associated with elevated risk of maternal cardiovascular disease, but their effect on late midlife blood pressure (BP) and subclinical vascular measures remains understudied.

Methods and Results

We conducted a cross‐sectional analysis with 1220 multiethnic parous women enrolled in SWAN (Study of Women's Health Across the Nation) to evaluate the impact of self‐reported history of adverse pregnancy outcomes (
PTB
, small‐for‐gestational‐age, stillbirth), on maternal
BP
, mean arterial pressure, and subclinical vascular measures (carotid intima‐media thickness, plaque, and pulse wave velocity) in late midlife. We also examined whether these associations were modified by race/ethnicity. Associations were tested in linear and logistic regression models adjusting for sociodemographics, reproductive factors, cardiovascular risk factors, and medications. Women were on average aged 60 years and 255 women reported a history of an adverse pregnancy outcome. In fully adjusted models, history of
PTB
was associated with higher
BP
(systolic: β=6.40;
SE,
1.62 [
P
<0.0001] and diastolic: β=3.18;
SE
, 0.98 [
P
=0.001]) and mean arterial pressure (β=4.55;
SE
1.13 [
P
<0.0001]).
PTB
was associated with lower intima‐media thickness, but not after excluding women with prevalent hypertension. There were no significant associations with other subclinical vascular measures.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that history of
PTB
is associated with higher
BP
and mean arterial pressure in late midlife. Adverse pregnancy outcomes were not significantly related to subclinical cardiovascular disease when excluding women with prevalent hypertension. Future studies across the menopause transition may be important to assess the impact of adverse pregnancy outcomes on midlife progression of
BP
.
Severity of illness and adaptive functioning predict quality of care of children among parents with psychosis: A confirmatory factor analysis
Authors: Campbell Linda E , Hanlon Mary-Claire , Galletly Cherrie A , Harvey Carol , Stain Helen , Cohen Martin , van Ravenzwaaij Don , Brown Scott 
Published: December 2017

Objective: Parenthood is central to the personal and social identity of many people. For individuals with psychotic disorders, parenthood is often associated with formidable challenges. We aimed to identify predictors of adequate parenting among parents with psychotic disorders. Methods: Data pertaining to 234 parents with psychotic disorders living with dependent children were extracted from a population-based prevalence study, the 2010 second Australian national survey of psychosis, and analysed using confirmatory factor analysis. Parenting outcome was defined as quality of care of children, based on participant report and interviewer enquiry/exploration, and included level of participation, interest and competence in childcare during the last 12 months. Results: Five hypothesis-driven latent variables were constructed and labelled psychosocial support, illness severity, substance abuse/dependence, adaptive functioning and parenting role. Importantly, 75% of participants were not identified to have any dysfunction in the quality of care provided to their child(ren). Severity of illness and adaptive functioning were reliably associated with quality of childcare. Psychosocial support, substance abuse/dependence and parenting role had an indirect relationship to the outcome variable via their association with either severity of illness and/or adaptive functioning. Conclusion: The majority of parents in the current sample provided adequate parenting. However, greater symptom severity and poorer adaptive functioning ultimately leave parents with significant difficulties and in need of assistance to manage their parenting obligations. As symptoms and functioning can change episodically for people with psychotic illness, provision of targeted and flexible support that can deliver temporary assistance during times of need is necessary. This would maximise the quality of care provided to vulnerable children, with potential long-term benefits.
Research into Australian emergency services personnel mental health and wellbeing: An evidence map
Authors: Varker Tracey , Metcalf Olivia , Forbes David , Chisolm Katherine , Harvey Sam , Van Hooff Miranda , McFarlane Alexander , Bryant Richard , Phelps Andrea J 
Published: December 2017

Background: Evidence maps are a method of systematically characterising the range of research activity in broad topic areas and are a tool for guiding research priorities. Aims: ‘Evidence-mapping’ methodology was used to quantify the nature and distribution of recent peer-reviewed research into the mental health and wellbeing of Australian emergency services personnel. Methods: A search of the PsycINFO, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases was performed for primary research articles that were published between January 2011 and July 2016. Results: In all, 43 studies of primary research were identified and mapped. The majority of the research focused on organisational and individual/social factors and how they relate to mental health problems/wellbeing. There were several areas of research where very few studies were detected through the mapping process, including suicide, personality, stigma and pre-employment factors that may contribute to mental health outcomes and the use of e-health. No studies were detected which examined the prevalence of self-harm and/or harm to others, bullying, alcohol/substance use, barriers to care or experience of families of emergency services personnel. In addition, there was no comprehensive national study that had investigated all sectors of emergency services personnel. Conclusion: This evidence map highlights the need for future research to address the current gaps in mental health and wellbeing research among Australian emergency services personnel. Improved understanding of the mental health and wellbeing of emergency services personnel, and the factors that contribute, should guide organisations’ wellbeing policies and procedures.
A systematic review of cost-effectiveness studies of prevention and treatment for eating disorders
Authors: Le Long Khanh-Dao , Hay Phillipa , Mihalopoulos Cathrine 
Published: December 2017

Background: Eating disorders are serious mental disorders and are associated with substantial economic and social burden. The aim of this study is to undertake a systematic review of the cost-effectiveness studies of both preventive and treatment interventions for eating disorder. Method: Electronic databases (including the Cochrane Controlled Trial Register, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Academic Search Complete, Global Health, CINAHL complete, Health Business Elite, Econlit, Health Policy Reference Center and ERIC) were searched for published cost-effectiveness studies of eating disorder prevention and treatment including papers published up to January 2017. The quality of studies was assessed using the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) checklist. Results: In all, 13 studies met the review inclusion criteria as full cost-effectiveness studies and 8 were published since 2011. The studies included three modelled and one trial-based study focused on prevention, two trial-based and one modelled study for anorexia nervosa treatment and three trial-based studies for bulimia nervosa treatment. The remaining studies targeted binge-eating disorder or non-specific eating disorder treatment. The average percent of CHEERS checklist items reported was 71% (standard deviation 21%). Eating disorder interventions were mainly cost-saving or more effective and more costly compared to comparators; however, some results did not reach statistical significance. In the two studies that achieved 100% CHEERS checklist, one study reported that a cognitive dissonance intervention might be cost-effective for prevention of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa with a 90% participation rate and the second study supported lisdexamfetamine to be cost-effective in the treatment of binge-eating disorder. Insufficient evidence for long-term cost-effectiveness (e.g. over 2 years) was found. Conclusion: Cost-effectiveness studies in eating disorder appear to be increasing in number over the last 6 years. Findings were inconsistent and no firm conclusion can be drawn with regard to comparative value-for-money conclusions. However, some promising interventions were identified. Further research with improved methodology is required.
Latent profiles of early developmental vulnerabilities in a New South Wales child population at age 5 years
Authors: Green Melissa J , Tzoumakis Stacy , Laurens Kristin R , Dean Kimberlie , Kariuki Maina , Harris Felicity , O’Reilly Nicole , Chilvers Marilyn , Brinkman Sally A , Carr Vaughan J 
Published: December 2017

Objective: Detecting the early emergence of childhood risk for adult mental disorders may lead to interventions for reducing subsequent burden of these disorders. We set out to determine classes of children who may be at risk for later mental disorder on the basis of early patterns of development in a population cohort, and associated exposures gleaned from linked administrative records obtained within the New South Wales Child Development Study. Methods: Intergenerational records from government departments of health, education, justice and child protection were linked with the Australian Early Development Census for a state population cohort of 67,353 children approximately 5 years of age. We used binary data from 16 subdomains of the Australian Early Development Census to determine classes of children with shared patterns of Australian Early Development Census–defined vulnerability using latent class analysis. Covariates, which included demographic features (sex, socioeconomic status) and exposure to child maltreatment, parental mental illness, parental criminal offending and perinatal adversities (i.e. birth complications, smoking during pregnancy, low birth weight), were examined hierarchically within latent class analysis models. Results: Four classes were identified, reflecting putative risk states for mental disorders: (1) disrespectful and aggressive/hyperactive behaviour, labelled ‘misconduct risk’ ( N = 4368; 6.5%); (2) ‘pervasive risk’ ( N = 2668; 4.0%); (3) ‘mild generalised risk’ ( N = 7822; 11.6%); and (4) ‘no risk’ ( N = 52,495; 77.9%). The odds of membership in putative risk groups (relative to the no risk group) were greater among children from backgrounds of child maltreatment, parental history of mental illness, parental history of criminal offending, socioeconomic disadvantage and perinatal adversities, with distinguishable patterns of association for some covariates. Conclusion: Patterns of early childhood developmental vulnerabilities may provide useful indicators for particular mental disorder outcomes in later life, although their predictive utility in this respect remains to be established in longitudinal follow-up of the cohort.
Application of air bladders for medical compression hosieries
Authors: Hakala Tomi , Puolakka Arja , Nousiainen Pertti , Vuorela Timo , Vanhala Jukka 
Published: December 2017

The research work presents a new design of compression hosiery where compression around a human limb is generated using special air bladders. The pressure inside the air bladders is adjustable. The objective of the research was to study graduated compression and its control on the limb using the prototype with air bladders and two commercial compression products. The compression forces were measured around the limb under a knee in three sectors: a foot, a middle part and an upper part of the leg. Measurements were mainly done in vivo using the limb of a test person – although some pre-trials were done in vitro. During the tests it was concluded that the exact control of the compression was very difficult to achieve due to, for example, the shape and the composition of the limb. Based on the results, the compression values were unstable under the sectors and the graduated compression was nonlinear in the vertical direction for every tested hosiery. There is some analogy concerning the pressure distribution reported about standard mechanical compression hosiery. The results prove that our prototype enables one to achieve very high compression values in seconds, and to manage and to adjust instantly the compression rate in each sector. Efficient controllability and comfort are important matters in the medical treatment, where a patient wears the hosieries for prolonged times.