bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mass‐Production of Mesoporous MnCo2O4 Spinels with Manganese(IV)‐ and Cobalt(II)‐Rich Surfaces for Superior Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysis
Authors: Wang Wenhai , Kuai Long , Cao Wei , Huttula Marko , Ollikkala Sami , Ahopelto Taru , Honkanen Ari‐Pekka , Huotari Simo , Yu Mengkang , Geng Baoyou 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA mesoporous MnCo2O4 electrode material is made for bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysis. The MnCo2O4 exhibits both Co3O4‐like activity for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and Mn2O3‐like performance for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The potential difference between the ORR and OER of MnCo2O4 is as low as 0.83 V. By XANES and XPS investigation, the notable activity results from the preferred MnIV‐ and CoII‐rich surface. The electrode material can be obtained on large‐scale with the precise chemical control of the components at relatively low temperature. The surface state engineering may open a new avenue to optimize the electrocatalysis performance of electrode materials. The prominent bifunctional activity shows that MnCo2O4 could be used in metal–air batteries and/or other energy devices.
Sequence‐Mandated, Distinct Assembly of Giant Molecules
Authors: Zhang Wei , Lu Xinlin , Mao Jialin , Hsu Chih‐Hao , Mu Gaoyan , Huang Mingjun , Guo Qingyun , Liu Hao , Wesdemiotis Chrys , Li Tao , Zhang Wen‐Bin , Li Yiwen , Cheng Stephen Z. D. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAlthough controlling the primary structure of synthetic polymers is itself a great challenge, the potential of sequence control for tailoring hierarchical structures remains to be exploited, especially in the creation of new and unconventional phases. A series of model amphiphilic chain‐like giant molecules was designed and synthesized by interconnecting both hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecular nanoparticles in precisely defined sequence and composition to investigate their sequence‐dependent phase structures. Not only compositional variation changed the self‐assembled supramolecular phases, but also specific sequences induce unconventional phase formation, including Frank–Kasper phases. The formation mechanism was attributed to the conformational change driven by the collective hydrogen bonding and the sequence‐mandated topology of the molecules. These results show that sequence control in synthetic polymers can have a dramatic impact on polymer properties and self‐assembly.
Blockable Zn10L15 Ion Channels through Subcomponent Self‐Assembly
Authors: Haynes Cally J. E. , Zhu Jinbo , Chimerel Catalin , Hernández‐Ainsa Silvia , Riddell Imogen A. , Ronson Tanya K. , Keyser Ulrich F. , Nitschke Jonathan R. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMetal–organic anion channels based on Zn10L15 pentagonal prisms have been prepared by subcomponent self‐assembly. The insertion of these prisms into lipid membranes was investigated by ion‐current and fluorescence measurements. The channels were found to mediate the transport of Cl− anions through planar lipid bilayers and into vesicles. Tosylate anions were observed to bind and plug the central channels of the prisms in the solid state and in solution. In membranes, dodecyl sulfate blocked chloride transport through the central channel. Our Zn10L15 prism thus inserts into lipid bilayers to turn on anion transport, which can then be turned off through addition of the blocker dodecyl sulfate.
Synthesis and characterization of Ni(II) complexes bearing of 2‐(1H–benzimidazol‐2‐yl)‐phenol derivatives as highly active catalysts for ethylene oligomerization
Authors: Haghverdi Marzieh , Tadjarodi Azadeh , Bahri‐Laleh Naeimeh , Nekoomanesh‐Haghighi Mehdi 
Published: October 2017

Novel Ni(II) complexes of 2‐(1H–benzimidazol‐2‐yl)‐phenol derivatives (HLx: x  =  1–5; C1–C5) have been synthesized and characterized. In the mononuclear complexes, the ligands were coordinated as bidentate, via one imine nitrogen and the phenolate oxygen atoms. The structures of the compounds were confirmed on the basis of FT‐IR, UV–Vis, 1H‐, 13C–NMR, inductively coupled plasma and elemental analyses (C, H and N). The purity of these compounds was ascertained by melting point (m.p.) and thin‐layer chromatography. The geometry optimization and vibrational frequency calculations of the compounds were performed using Gaussian 09 program with B3LYP/TZVP level of theory. All Ni(II) complexes were activated with diethylaluminum chloride (Et2AlCl), so that C2 showed the highest activity [6600 kg mol−1 (Ni) h−1], where the ligand contains a chlorine substituent. Oligomers obtained from the complexes consist mainly of dimer and trimer, and also exhibit high selectivity for linear 1‐butene and 1‐hexene. Both the steric and electronic effects of coordinative ligands affect the catalytic activity and the properties of the catalytic products.
The aggregation structure regulation of lignin by chemical modification and its effect on the property of lignin/styrene–butadiene rubber composites
Authors: Jiang Can , He Hui , Yao Xiaojie , Yu Peng , Zhou Ling , Jia Demin 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTThe aggregation structure of lignin in aqueous solution had an important effect on the dispersion of lignin and the properties of lignin/styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) composites. This article revealed the relationship between aggregation structure and chemical structure of modified lignin. Unmodified lignin was amorphous; however, our results showed that aldehyde‐modified lignin was transformed into spherical aggregates, while propylene‐oxide‐modified lignin self‐aggregated into supramolecular domains. The relationships between aggregation structure, filler dispersion, filler–rubber interaction, and performance were also studied by investigating the microstructure, viscoelastic behavior, and mechanical properties of lignin/SBR composites. Meanwhile, a solution to improve the coprecipitation efficiency of lignin and SBR latex was proposed. In this article, epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) was also used as compatibilizer to improve the interfacial adhesion between polar lignin and nonpolar SBR. The results showed better lignin dispersion for the ENR‐containing rubber composites, as well as superior wet skid resistance and lower rolling resistance. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45759.
Oxo‐biodegradability of high‐density polyethylene films containing limited amount of isotactic polypropylene
Authors: Khajehpour‐Tadavani Soheyl , Nejabat Gholam‐Reza , Mortazavi Seyed Mohammad Mahdi 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTLimited amount of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) is added to high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) containing 1% w/w an oxo‐biodegradable additive and extruded and converted to films. The films are put under UV irradiation for different periods of time. Irradiation of the films for 6 weeks imposes remarkable effects on viscosity average molecular weight (Mv) and carbonyl index (CI) of them. Mv decreases from 3.4 × 105 to 4.7 × 104 g mol−1 for neat HDPE films; from 3.1 × 105 to 3.3 × 104 g mol−1 for the films containing oxo compound, and from 1.5 × 105 to 2.6 × 104 g mol−1 for the films containing oxo compound and 1% w/w iPP. Carbonyl index of the neat HDPE films increases from 4 to 8.7 while for the sample containing only the oxo compound it increases from 4.5 to 7.3 and for the sample containing both oxo compound and iPP it decreases from 12.0 to 8.8. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) indicate more cracks and uniform degradation in the samples containing iPP and oxo compound. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG) of the samples shows that the samples containing iPP and oxo compound have lower decomposition temperature after UV irradiation. Finally, it can be said that the presence of iPP in HDPE matrix containing oxo compound can improve HDPE oxo‐biodegradablity. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45843.
Photoelectrochemical Complexes of Fucoxanthin‐Chlorophyll Protein for Bio‐Photovoltaic Conversion with a High Open‐Circuit Photovoltage
Authors: Zhang Tianning , Liu Cheng , Dong Wenjing , Wang Wenda , Sun Yan , Chen Xin , Yang Chunhong , Dai Ning 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOpen‐circuit photovoltage (Voc) is among the critical parameters for achieving an efficient light‐to‐charge conversion in existing solar photovoltaic devices. Natural photosynthesis exploits light‐harvesting chlorophyll (Chl) protein complexes to transfer sunlight energy efficiently. We describe the exploitation of photosynthetic fucoxanthin‐chlorophyll protein (FCP) complexes for realizing photoelectrochemical cells with a high Voc. An antenna‐dependent photocurrent response and a Voc up to 0.72 V are observed and demonstrated in the bio‐photovoltaic devices fabricated with photosynthetic FCP complexes and TiO2 nanostructures. Such high Voc is determined by fucoxanthin in FCP complexes, and is rarely found in photoelectrochemical cells with other natural light‐harvesting antenna. We think that the FCP‐based bio‐photovoltaic conversion will provide an opportunity to fabricate environmental benign photoelectrochemical cells with high Voc, and also help improve the understanding of the essential physics behind the light‐to‐charge conversion in photosynthetic complexes.
Characterization of Stochastic Mean‐Field Type Index
Authors: Ma Limin , Li Yan , Zhang Tianliang 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
index of mean‐field stochastic differential equations (SDE) is investigated in this paper. For systems with state‐ and input‐dependent noise, we obtain a sufficient condition of
index larger than some λ>0 via the solvability of differential Riccati equations (DRE). Especially, a necessary and sufficient condition is given for mean‐field SDE with state‐dependent noise, which generalize the corresponding results of classical stochastic systems to the mean‐field stochastic models.
Trans‐acting oligodeoxythymidine phosphorothioate triester reagents for transient transfection optimized and facilitated by a high‐throughput microbioreactor system
Authors: Hsu Chih‐Jung , Jain Harsh V. , Williams Abasha , Wang Julie , Lute Scott C. , Beaucage Serge L. , Brorson Kurt A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA rapid and cost‐effective transient transfection method for mammalian cells is essential for screening biopharmaceuticals in early stages of development. A library of 25 amphipathic trans‐acting oligodeoxythymidine phosphorothioate triester (dTtaPS) transfection reagents, carrying positively charged and lipophilic groups, has been constructed for this purpose. High‐throughput screening of the library, using an imaging cytometer and an automated microbioreactor system, has led to the identification of dTtaPS10+ as a potent transfection reagent. This reagent efficiently delivers a plasmid encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein in adherent HeLa cells while exhibiting low cytotoxicity. The microbioreactor system has been particularly useful for assessing the ability of dTtaPS10+ to deliver a plasmid encoding immunoglobulin IgG1 in a fed‐batch serum‐free suspension CHO cell culture; dTtaPS10+‐mediated transfection resulted in the production of IgG1 in yields comparable to or better than those obtained with commercial lipid‐based transfection reagents under similar conditions. The ability of dTtaPS10+ to deliver plasmids is essentially unaffected by the presence of a silicone‐based antifoaming reagent, which is commonly used in bioreactor cell cultures. The transfection efficiency of lyophilized dTtaPS10+‐plasmid complexes has been significantly restored upon aqueous reconstitution when compared to that achieved while using commercial transfection reagent complexes under similar conditions. The results of all experiments underscore the potential of dTtaPS10+ for transient transfection of plasmids into adherent cells and fed‐batch serum‐free suspension CHO cells and rapid screening of reagents in a microbioreactor system.
Strengths, challenges, and opportunities for hydrothermal pretreatment in lignocellulosic biorefineries
Authors: Yang Bin , Tao Ling , Wyman Charles E. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPretreatment prior to or during biological conversion is required to achieve high sugar yields essential to economic production of fuels and chemicals from low cost, abundant lignocellulosic biomass. Aqueous thermochemical pretreatments achieve this performance objective from pretreatment coupled with subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis, but chemical pretreatment can also suffer from additional costs for exotic materials of construction, the need to recover or neutralize the chemicals, introduction of compounds that inhibit downstream operations, and waste disposal, as well as for the chemicals themselves. The simplicity of hydrothermal pretreatment with just hot water offers the potential to greatly improve the cost of the entire conversion process if sugar degradation during pretreatment, production of un‐fermentable oligomers, and the amount of expensive enzymes needed to obtain satisfactory yields from hydrothermally pretreated solids can be reduced. Biorefinery economics would also benefit if value could be generated from lignin and other components that are currently fated to be burned for power. However, achieving these goals will no doubt require development of advanced hydrothermal pretreatment configurations. For example, passing water through a stationary bed of lignocellulosic biomass in a flowthrough configuration achieves very high yields of hemicellulose sugars, removes more than 75% of the lignin for potential valorization, and improves sugar release from the pretreated solids with lower enzyme loadings. Unfortunately, the large quantities of water needed to achieve this performance result in very dilute sugars, high energy costs for pretreatment and product recover, and large amounts of oligomers. Thus, improving our understanding of hydrothermal pretreatment fundamentals is needed to gain insights into R&D opportunities to improve performance, and help identify novel configurations that lower capital and operating costs and achieve higher yields. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Syngas biomethanation: state‐of‐the‐art review and perspectives
Authors: Grimalt‐Alemany Antonio , Skiadas Ioannis V. , Gavala Hariklia N. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSignificant research efforts are currently being made worldwide to develop more efficient biomethane production processes from a variety of waste streams. The biomethanation of biomass‐derived syngas can contribute to increasing the potential of methane production as it opens the way for the conversion of recalcitrant biomasses, generally not fully exploitable by anaerobic digestion systems. Additionally, this biological process presents several advantages over its analogous process of catalytic methanation such as the use of inexpensive biocatalysts, milder operational conditions, higher tolerance to the impurities of syngas, and higher product selectivity. However, there are still several challenges to be addressed for this technology to reach commercial stage. This work reviews the progress made over the last few years in syngas biomethanation processes in order to provide an overview of the current state of the art of this technology. The most relevant aspects determining the performance of syngas biomethanation processes are extensively discussed here, including microbial diversity and metabolic interactions in mixed microbial consortia, the influence of operating parameters and bioreactor designs, and the potential of modelling as a tool for the design and control of this bioprocess. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Neurologists dealing with sickness certification: Experiences of problems and need of competence
Authors: Snöljung Åsa , Kärrholm Jenny , Hinas Elin , Alexanderson Kristina 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRationale and AimsMost studies on physicians' sickness certification practices include general practitioners (GP) while there hardly is any knowledge on this regarding neurologists although neurological diseases often involve work incapacity and need of sick leave.AimThe aim was to describe experiences among neurologists in Sweden concerning their work with sickness certification of patients.MethodA cross‐sectional study of 265 neurologists' responses in a nationwide survey regarding their work with sickness certification of patients was conducted.ResultsThe majority (81.5%) had sickness certification consultations at least once a week and a third experienced problems every week in handling sickness certification. Among the 251 who at least sometimes had sickness certification consultations, the following two aspects were experienced as very or fairly problematic: “assess the degree to which the reduced functional capacity limits a patient's capacity to perform his/her work assignments” (67.3%) and “make a long‐term prognosis about the future work capacity of patients on sick leave” (60.5%). At least once a week, 78.7% experienced lack of time regarding managing patient‐related aspects of the sickness certification task. Moreover, 21.8% considered sickness certification to be a work environmental problem, at least once a week. In all, 84% stated that they had a large or fairly large need for more competence concerning sickness certification tasks.ConclusionsSickness certification is a common task among neurologists, involving several problematic aspects related to, e.g., lack of competence in assessing function and work capacity and of time. There is a need for improvement.
Never truly alone, we always have our purchases: Loneliness and sex as predictors of purchase attachment and future purchase intentions
Authors: Mittal Sarah , Silvera David H. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe meaning of a purchase does not end at “buy.” Past purchases can become integral to consumers' self‐definition and communication of their “self” to others. Just as consumers display differential attachment tendencies for material purchases, so too should they exhibit differences in experiential purchase attachment propensities. This research examines this issue and contributes to the literature on purchase attachment by examining individual differences in material versus experiential attachment tendencies. Specifically, this work shows that loneliness increases attachment to purchases that affirm one's social self and restore a sense of connection to others; however, the type of purchase that best achieves this social affirmation goal varies as a function of the consumer's sex. Females (males) are more likely to think about their material (experiential) purchases as representative of their relationships with others; therefore, lonely females (males) are more likely to attach to material (experiential) purchases. Across 5 studies, we demonstrate this sex by loneliness interaction and investigate the perceived effectiveness of material/experiential purchases as social cues, as a mechanism underlying these effects. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these attachment patterns influence future purchase tendencies—material (experiential) attachment predicts continued spending of disposable income on material (experiential) purchases.
Down‐regulation of LncRNA CCAT1 enhances radiosensitivity via regulating miR‐148b in breast cancer
Authors: Lai Yong , Chen Yang , Lin Yuanhong , Ye Ling 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLncRNA colon‐cancer‐associated transcript‐1 (CCAT1) was proved to be a potential prognostic biomarker for breast cancer progression. However, the role of CCAT1 in regulating radiosensitivity of breast cancer and its underlying mechanism have not been investigated. The present study showed that CCAT1 was up‐regulated and miR‐148b was down‐regulated in radioresistant breast cancer tissues compared with radiosensitive breast cancer tissues. Radiation treatment triggered a significant increase in CCAT1 and an obvious decrease in miR‐148b. CCAT1 down‐regulation reduced colony formation rates and caspase3 activity in breast cancer cells under irradiation. Moreover, CCAT1 could negatively regulate miR‐148b expression. Furthermore, overexpression of miR‐148b suppressed colony survival fraction and caspase3 expression under irradiation in breast cancer cells, which was exacerbated by CCAT1 knockdown. Taken together, this study demonstrated that CCAT1 down‐regulation improved radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells via negatively regulating miR‐148b expression, providing a crucial clue for lncRNA‐miRNA interaction in the mechanism of radiosensitivity of breast cancer.
Flavin Photocatalysts for Visible‐Light [2+2] Cycloadditions: Structure, Reactivity and Reaction Mechanism
Authors: Mojr Viktor , Pitrová Gabriela , Straková Karolína , Prukała Dorota , Brazevic Sabina , Svobodová Eva , Hoskovcová Irena , Burdziński Gotard , Slanina Tomáš , Sikorski Marek , Cibulka Radek 
Published: October 2017

AbstractNew photocatalysts from the flavin family were found to mediate the [2+2] photocycloaddition reaction. 3‐Butyl‐10‐methyl‐5‐deazaflavin (3 a) and 1‐butyl‐7,8‐dimethoxy‐3‐methylalloxazine (2 e), if irradiated by visible light, were shown to allow an efficient (Φ≈3–10 %) intramolecular cyclisation of various types of substrates including substituted styrene dienes and bis(aryl enones), considered as electron‐rich and electron‐poor substrates, respectively, without any additional reagent. The versatility of the procedure was demonstrated by the cyclisation of photosensitive cinnamyl (E)‐3‐iodoallyl ether. Structure–activity studies found alloxazine 2 e was more active than 7‐monosubstituted (R=Cl, Br and MeO) alloxazines. The introduction of chlorine and bromine atom on the deazaflavin skeleton did not enhance the catalytic efficiency of 3 a. A detailed electrochemical and spectroscopic study explains the reaction mechanism proceeding through energy transfer from the flavin excited triplet state to the diene followed by its cyclisation.
Facile and Controllable One‐Pot Synthesis of Hierarchical Co9S8 Hollow Microspheres as High‐Performance Electroactive Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion
Authors: Lin Tsung‐Wu , Tsai Hong‐Chi , Chen Ting‐Yu , Shao Li–Dong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHierarchical Co9S8 hollow microspheres with nanosheet building units are synthesized via a one‐step hydrothermal method. The presence of glucose in the synthesis is essential to the formation of the hollow structure and influences the size and morphology of the microspheres. Benefiting from the advantages of a hollow architecture, a conductive carbon coating and Co9S8 nanosheet units, the composite exhibits outstanding electrochemical properties. When the composite electrode is evaluated as the cathode material for supercapacitors, it exhibits a high specific capacitance of 514 F g−1 at 1.0 A g−1 and a capacitance retention of circa 88 % over 1000 cycles at 8 A g−1. On the other hand, the nanosheet‐constructed hollow structure can efficiently promote the electrocatalytic activity of Co9S8 toward the oxygen evolution reaction. Due to the fact that Co9S8 nanosheets impart largely exposed active sites, the composite exhibits a low Tafel slope of 66 mV dec−1 and no obvious degradation after 12 h water oxidation.