bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Response of Coupled Tanks and Piping Systems Under Seismic Loading
Authors: Bursi Oreste S. , Abbiati Giuseppe , Caracoglia Luca , Salandra Vincenzo La , Filippo Rocco Di , Reza Md. Shahin 
Published: December 2015

Dynamic analysis is an integral part of seismic risk assessment of industrial plants. Such analysis often neglects actual boundary conditions or proper coupling between structures of coupled systems, which introduces uncertainty into the system and may lead to erroneous results, e.g., an incorrect fragility curve, in comparison with the actual behaviour of the analyzed structure. Hence, it is important to study the effect of uncertainties on the dynamic characteristics of a system, when coupling effects are neglected.
Along this line, this paper investigates the effects of uncertain boundary conditions on the dynamic response of coupled tank-piping systems subjected to seismic loading. In particular, to take into account the presence of the tank as boundary condition for the piping system, two sources of uncertainty were considered: the tank aspect ratio and the piping-to-tank attachment height ratio. Moreover, to model the seismic input, a Filtered White Noise (FWN) characterized by a Kanai-Tajimi spectrum was used. Finally, to study the dynamic interaction of a set of coupled tank-piping systems, the non-intrusive stochastic collocation (SC) technique was applied. It allowed for calculating surface responses of stresses and axial loads of a pair of components of the coupled system with a reduced number of deterministic numerical simulations.
The Pipeline Design Method Against Large Fault Displacement
Authors: Oda Keita , Kishi Shozo , Miyajima Masakatsu 
Published: December 2015

This study proposes “water pipeline system and design method with Earthquake Resistant Ductile Iron Pipe (ERDIP) against fault displacement”. ERDIP pipeline can absorb the large ground displacement at the event of big earthquakes by the joint movement (expansion, contraction and deflection) and the joint locking system. Though the ERDIP pipeline has many experiences of big earthquakes such as the 1995 Kobe Earthquake, the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, no documented failure has been reported for 40 years.
In case of fault crossing pipeline, there is a possibility for relative displacement of several meters between the pipeline and ground, locally, to occur. This study examined the ERDIP pipeline design to withstand strike-slip fault by FEM analysis with shell element of 1500 mm ERDIP and spring elements which are modeling soil and ERDIP joint.
ERDIP pipeline can accommodate about 2m fault displacement by the joint expansion/contraction and deflection, and keep the stress in the pipeline within elastic limit. The additional countermeasure should be required when the fault displacement is over 2m because the pipeline could be stressed beyond the elastic limit.
As a countermeasure of over 2m displacement, it is effective to use “Large displacement absorption unit”, which can expand/contract 10 times compare to ERDIP joint and absorb the locally-concentrated axial displacement of pipeline. We confirmed that ERDIP pipeline with “Large displacement absorption unit”, which is named “Large displacement absorption system”, can accommodate more than 3m fault displacement within elastic range stress of the pipeline. We established the optimized layout of “Large displacement absorption unit”. We also established the design method using several “Large displacement absorption unit” when we can’t identify exact fault location, but the fault lies within the range of pipeline location.
Helicobacter pylori Resists the Antimicrobial Activity of Calprotectin via Lipid A Modification and Associated Biofilm Formation
Authors: Gaddy Jennifer A. , Radin Jana N. , Cullen Thomas W. , Chazin Walter J. , Skaar Eric P. , Trent M. Stephen , Algood Holly M. S. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT

Helicobacter pylori
is one of several pathogens that persist within the host despite a robust immune response.
H. pylori
elicits a proinflammatory response from host epithelia, resulting in the recruitment of immune cells which manifests as gastritis. Relatively little is known about how
H. pylori
survives antimicrobials, including calprotectin (CP), which is present during the inflammatory response. The data presented here suggest that one way
H. pylori
survives the nutrient sequestration by CP is through alteration of its outer membrane. CP-treated
H. pylori
demonstrates increased bacterial fitness in response to further coculture with CP. Moreover, CP-treated
H. pylori
cultures form biofilms and demonstrate decreased cell surface hydrophobicity. In response to CP, the
H. pylori
Lpx lipid A biosynthetic enzymes are not fully functional. The lipid A molecules observed in
H. pylori
cultures treated with CP indicate that the LpxF, LpxL, and LpxR enzyme functions are perturbed. Transcriptional analysis of
lpxF
,
lpxL
, and
lpxR
indicates that metal restriction by CP does not control this pathway through transcriptional regulation. Analyses of
H. pylori
lpx mutants reveal that loss of LpxF and LpxL results in increased fitness, similar to what is observed in the presence of CP; moreover, these mutants have significantly increased biofilm formation and reduced cell surface hydrophobicity. Taken together, these results demonstrate a novel mechanism of
H. pylori
resistance to the antimicrobial activity of CP via lipid A modification strategies and resulting biofilm formation.

IMPORTANCE
Helicobacter pylori
evades recognition of the host's immune system by modifying the lipid A component of lipopolysaccharide. These results demonstrate for the first time that the lipid A modification pathway is influenced by the host's nutritional immune response.
H. pylori
's exposure to the host Mn- and Zn-binding protein calprotectin perturbs the function of 3 enzymes involved in the lipid A modification pathway. Moreover, CP treatment of
H. pylori
, or mutants with an altered lipid A, exhibit increased bacterial fitness and increased biofilm formation. This suggests that
H. pylori
modifies its cell surface structure to survive under the stress imposed by the host immune response. These results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms that influence the biofilm lifestyle and how endotoxin modification, which renders
H. pylori
resistant to cationic antimicrobial peptides, can be inactivated in response to sequestration of nutrient metals.
Making the Leap from Research Laboratory to Clinic: Challenges and Opportunities for Next-Generation Sequencing in Infectious Disease Diagnostics
Authors: Goldberg Brittany , Sichtig Heike , Geyer Chelsie , Ledeboer Nathan , Weinstock George M. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT
Next-generation DNA sequencing (NGS) has progressed enormously over the past decade, transforming genomic analysis and opening up many new opportunities for applications in clinical microbiology laboratories. The impact of NGS on microbiology has been revolutionary, with new microbial genomic sequences being generated daily, leading to the development of large databases of genomes and gene sequences. The ability to analyze microbial communities without culturing organisms has created the ever-growing field of metagenomics and microbiome analysis and has generated significant new insights into the relation between host and microbe. The medical literature contains many examples of how this new technology can be used for infectious disease diagnostics and pathogen analysis. The implementation of NGS in medical practice has been a slow process due to various challenges such as clinical trials, lack of applicable regulatory guidelines, and the adaptation of the technology to the clinical environment. In April 2015, the American Academy of Microbiology (AAM) convened a colloquium to begin to define these issues, and in this document, we present some of the concepts that were generated from these discussions.
Bisphosphonates and evidence for association with esophageal and gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wright Ellen , Schofield Peter T , Molokhia Mariam 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesConcerns have been raised about a possible link between bisphosphonate use, and in particular alendronate, and upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer. A number of epidemiological studies have been published with conflicting results. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies, to determine the risk of esophageal and gastric cancer in users of bisphosphonates compared with non-users.DesignWe searched PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Knowledge and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for studies investigating bisphosphonates and esophageal or gastric cancer. We calculated pooled ORs and 95% CIs for the risk of esophageal or gastric cancer in bisphosphonate users compared with non-users. We performed a sensitivity analysis of alendronate as this was the most common single drug studied and is also the most widely used in clinical practice.Results11 studies (from 10 papers) examining bisphosphonate exposure and UGI cancer (gastric and esophageal), met our inclusion criteria. All studies were retrospective, 6/11 (55%) case–control and 5/11(45%) cohort, and carried out using data from 5 longitudinal clinical databases. Combining 5 studies (1 from each database), we found no increased risk, OR 1.11 (95% CI 0.97 to 1.27) of esophageal cancer in bisphosphonate users compared with non-users and no increased risk of gastric cancer in bisphosphonate users, OR 0.96 (95% CI 0.82 to 1.12).ConclusionThis is the fourth and most detailed meta-analysis on this topic. We have not identified any compelling evidence for a significantly raised risk of esophageal cancer or gastric cancer in male and female patients prescribed bisphosphonates.
Whole body counter assessment of internal radiocontamination in patients with end-stage renal disease living in areas affected by the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant disaster: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Shimmura Hiroaki , Tsubokura Masaharu , Kato Shigeaki , Akiyama Junichi , Nomura Shuhei , Mori Jinichi , Tanimoto Tetsuya , Abe Koichiro , Sakai Shuji , Kawaguchi Hiroshi , Tokiwa Michio 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveTo assess internal radiocontamination of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who were regularly taking haemodialysis (HD) and living in areas affected by the crippled Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant after the Great East Japan earthquake on 11 March 2011.MethodsInternal radiocontamination in 111 patients with ESRD regularly taking HD at Jyoban Hospital in Iwaki city, Fukushima from July 2012 to November 2012 was assessed with a whole body counter (WBC). The maximum annual effective dose was calculated from the detected Cs-137 levels. Interviews concerning patient dietary preferences and outdoor activities were also conducted.ResultsAmong the 111 patients tested, internal radiocontamination with Cs-137 was detected in two participants, but the levels were marginal and just exceeded the detection limit (250 Bq/body). The tentatively calculated maximum annual effective dose ranged from 0.008 to 0.009 mSv/year, which is far below the 1 mSv/year limit set by the government of Japan. Relative to 238 non-ESRD participants, patients with ERSD had significantly more opportunities to consume locally grown produce that was not distributed to the market (p<0.01). However, the percentage of patients with ESRD with detectable Cs (1.8%) was lower than that for non-ESRD participants (3.8%), although this difference was not significant (p=0.51).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that internal radiocontamination levels and the calculated annual additional effective doses were negligible for patients with ESRD taking HD in areas affected by the crippled Fukushima nuclear plant. Although HD is suggested to promote Cs-137 excretion, continuous inspection of locally grown produce together with WBC screening for radiocontamination should be continued for patients with ESRD regularly taking HD.
Evaluating the effectiveness of a peer-led education intervention to improve the patient safety attitudes of junior pharmacy students: a cross-sectional study using a latent growth curve modelling approach
Authors: Walpola Ramesh L , Fois Romano A , McLachlan Andrew J , Chen Timothy F 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveDespite the recognition that educating healthcare students in patient safety is essential, changing already full curricula can be challenging. Furthermore, institutions may lack the capacity and capability to deliver patient safety education, particularly from the start of professional practice studies. Using senior students as peer educators to deliver practice-based education can potentially overcome some of the contextual barriers in training junior students. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a peer-led patient safety education programme for junior pharmacy students.DesignA repeat cross-sectional design utilising a previously validated patient safety attitudinal survey was used to evaluate attitudes prior to, immediately after and 1 month after the delivery of a patient safety education programme. Latent growth curve (LGC) modelling was used to evaluate the change in attitudes of first-year students using second-year students as a comparator group.SettingUndergraduate university students in Sydney, Australia.Participants175 first-year and 140 second-year students enrolled in the Bachelor of Pharmacy programme at the University of Sydney.InterventionAn introductory patient safety programme was implemented into the first-year Bachelor of Pharmacy curriculum at the University of Sydney. The programme covered introductory patient safety topics including teamwork, communication skills, systems thinking and open disclosure. The programme consisted of 2 lectures, delivered by a senior academic, and a workshop delivered by trained final-year pharmacy students.ResultsA full LGC model was constructed including the intervention as a non-time-dependent predictor of change (χ2(51)=164.070, root mean square error of approximation=0.084, comparative fit index=0.913, standardised root mean square=0.056). First-year students’ attitudes significantly improved as a result of the intervention, particularly in relation to internalising errors (p=0.010), questioning behaviours (p<0.001) and open disclosure (p=0.008).ConclusionsPeer-led education is an effective method that can be adopted to improve junior pharmacy students’ attitudes towards patient safety.
Postpartum contraception: a missed opportunity to prevent unintended pregnancy and short inter-pregnancy intervals
Authors: Heller Rebecca , Cameron Sharon , Briggs Rosie , Forson Norma , Glasier Anna 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundWomen in the postpartum period need effective contraception. Unintended pregnancies soon after childbirth may lead to abortion or short inter-pregnancy intervals associated with adverse outcomes. Using databases for a 6-month period (September 2013–February 2014) we examined the proportion of women attending for abortion in Edinburgh, Scotland who had given birth in the preceding 12 months, and the proportion of women giving birth in this region after an inter-pregnancy interval of 12 months or less. We also surveyed 250 women prior to discharge from the same maternity service about their contraceptive intentions.ResultsSome 75/1175 (6.4%) attending for abortion had given birth within the preceding 12 months and 332/4713 (7.0%) postpartum women gave birth following an inter-pregnancy interval of 12 months or less. When considering parous women, percentages were 13.3% and 13.9%, respectively. The majority (n=237, 96.7%) of postpartum women were not planning another pregnancy within the year but only a minority (n=32, 12.8%) were planning on using long-acting reversible contraception (LARC), namely the implant or intrauterine device. However, 42.8% (n=107) indicated that if the implant or intrauterine contraception could be inserted before they left hospital then they would choose these methods (p<0.0001).DiscussionAlmost one in thirteen women in our population presenting for abortion or giving birth has conceived within 1 year of giving birth. Provision of LARC immediately postpartum appears to be an attractive option to mothers, and could be an important strategy to prevent unintended pregnancy and short inter-pregnancy intervals.
The majority of newly diagnosed patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis reach an inactive disease state within the first year of specialised care: data from a German inception cohort
Authors: Sengler Claudia , Klotsche Jens , Niewerth Martina , Liedmann Ina , Föll Dirk , Heiligenhaus Arnd , Ganser Gerd , Horneff Gerd , Haas Johannes-Peter , Minden Kirsten 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveTo describe the disease characteristics of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) included in an inception cohort, to analyse how many patients from each JIA category reach an inactive disease state within the first year of specialised care and to determine predictors for attaining inactive disease.MethodsPatients with JIA were enrolled in this study at 11 large German paediatric rheumatology units within the first 12 months after diagnosis. Laboratory and clinical parameters such as JIA core criteria and data on the medication used were collected every 3 months. Non-parametric statistical testing was performed for the comparison of the JIA core criteria at follow-up. Generalised linear models were used to analyse differences in the rates at which inactive disease was reached and to determine potential predictors.ResultsOf the 695 patients with JIA included in this analysis, approximately 75% experienced a period of inactive disease under treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and systemic steroids in most cases with systemic-onset JIA or polyarthritis at least once during the first 12 months in ICON. Significant improvements were observed in all JIA core criteria, in disease activity and in functional status from baseline to the 12-month follow-up. Younger age at onset, a shorter duration between symptom onset and diagnosis and a positive antinuclear antibody status increased the probability of attaining an inactive disease state.ConclusionsThe 12-month outcome of JIA was good under real-life conditions, with half of the patients having attained inactive disease with contemporary treatments. Since a short duration between symptom onset and diagnosis was correlated to a period of inactive disease, children suspected of having JIA should be transferred to specialised care as soon as possible.
Deguelin Analogue SH-1242 Inhibits Hsp90 Activity and Exerts Potent Anticancer Efficacy with Limited Neurotoxicity
Authors: Lee Su-Chan , Min Hye-Young , Choi Hoon , Bae Song Yi , Park Kwan Hee , Hyun Seung Yeob , Lee Ho Jin , Moon Jayoung , Park Shin-Hyung , Kim Jun Yong , An Hongchan , Park So-Jung , Seo Ji Hae , Lee Seungbeom , Kim Young-Myeong , Park Hyun-Ju , Lee Sang Kook , Lee Jeewoo , Lee Jeeyeon , Kim Kyu-Won , Suh Young-Ger , Lee Ho-Young 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The Hsp90 facilitates proper folding of signaling proteins associated with cancer progression, gaining attention as a target for therapeutic intervention. The natural rotenoid deguelin was identified as an Hsp90 inhibitor, but concerns about neurotoxicity have limited prospects for clinical development. In this study, we report progress on deguelin analogues that address this limitation, focusing on the novel analogue SH-1242 as a candidate to broadly target human lung cancer cells, including those that are chemoresistant or harboring KRAS mutations. In a KRAS-driven mouse model of lung cancer, SH-1242 administration reduced tumor multiplicity, volume, and load. Similarly, in human cell line–based or patient-derived tumor xenograft models, SH-1242 induced apoptosis and reduced tumor vasculature in the absence of detectable toxicity. In contrast to deguelin, SH-1242 toxicity was greatly reduced in normal cells and when administered to rats did not produce obvious histopathologic features in the brain. Mechanistic studies revealed that SH-1242 bound to the C-terminal ATP-binding pocket of Hsp90, disrupting the ability to interact with its co-chaperones and clients and triggering a degradation of client proteins without affecting Hsp70 expression. Taken together, our findings illustrate the superior properties of SH-1242 as an Hsp90 inhibitor and as an effective antitumor and minimally toxic agent, providing a foundation for advancing further preclinical and clinical studies. Cancer Res; 76(3); 686–99. ©2015 AACR.
Multinucleation and Mesenchymal-to-Epithelial Transition Alleviate Resistance to Combined Cabazitaxel and Antiandrogen Therapy in Advanced Prostate Cancer
Authors: Martin Sarah K. , Pu Hong , Penticuff Justin C. , Cao Zheng , Horbinski Craig , Kyprianou Natasha 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) frequently develop therapeutic resistance to taxane chemotherapy and antiandrogens. Cabazitaxel is a second-line taxane chemotherapeutic agent that provides additional survival benefits to patients with advanced disease. In this study, we sought to identify the mechanism of action of combined cabazitaxel and androgen receptor (AR) targeting in preclinical models of advanced prostate cancer. We found that cabazitaxel induced mitotic spindle collapse and multinucleation by targeting the microtubule depolymerizing kinesins and inhibiting AR. In androgen-responsive tumors, treatment with the AR inhibitor, enzalutamide, overcame resistance to cabazitaxel. Combination treatment of human CRPC xenografts with cabazitaxel and enzalutamide reversed epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) to mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET) and led to multinucleation, while retaining nuclear AR. In a transgenic mouse model of androgen-responsive prostate cancer, cabazitaxel treatment induced MET, glandular redifferentiation, and AR nuclear localization that was inhibited by androgen deprivation. Collectively, our preclinical studies demonstrate that prostate tumor resistance to cabazitaxel can be overcome by antiandrogen-mediated EMT-MET cycling in androgen-sensitive tumors but not in CRPC. Moreover, AR splice variants may preclude patients with advanced disease from responding to cabazitaxel chemotherapy and antiandrogen combination therapy. This evidence enables a significant insight into therapeutic cross-resistance to taxane chemotherapy and androgen deprivation therapy in advanced prostate cancer. Cancer Res; 76(4); 912–26. ©2015 AACR.