bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic kidney disease–associated pruritus: a comparison of instruments and associations with patient-reported outcomes using an electronic patient-reported outcome survey in Europe
Authors: Guedes Murilo , Tu Charlotte , Sukul Nidhi , Asgari Elham , Guebre-Egziabher Fitsum , Ruessmann Despina , Schaufler Thilo , Rayner Hugh , Jadoul Michel , Labriola Laura , Pecoits-Filho Roberto , Pisoni Ronald L , Karaboyas Angelo 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
The associations between self-reported chronic kidney disease–associated pruritus (CKD-aP) and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) have been reported using various instruments to assess itch. Data collection via multiple CKD-aP instruments allows the evaluation of different domains and measurements of CKD-aP burden and may help tailor data capture for future research or clinical care.

Methods
An electronic PRO (ePRO) survey was distributed to European hemodialysis (HD) patients enrolled in the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS) in 2021–23. The DOPPS is an international cohort study that aims to investigate practice patterns and outcomes in HD patients. The ePRO survey included multiple CKD-aP instruments: Average Itch and Worst Itching Intensity Numerical Rating Scales (AI-NRS, WI-NRS) and a Kidney Disease Quality of Life (KDQOL)-36 single question. Linear and logistic regression were used to estimate adjusted associations between CKD-aP instruments and various PROs.

Results
This analysis included 769 patients who completed the WI-NRS from HD facilities in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden and the UK. The correlation between WI-NRS and the KDQOL-36 itch question was 0.88 overall and 0.46 among patients at least somewhat bothered by itch. Mean WI-NRS scores stratified by response to the KDQOL-36 itch question were 8.1, 6.4, 4.1 and 3.1 for extremely, very much, moderately and somewhat bothered, respectively. Patients with worse WI-NRS scores reported worse sleep quality, greater fatigue, more depressive symptoms, and lower mental and physical quality of life; these associations were similar to those observed for the KDQOL-36 itch question.

Conclusion
Correlation between CKD-aP instruments was high overall, but moderate among the subgroup of patients bothered by itch; differences can be partially attributed to the recall period for the KDQOL-36 (4 weeks) vs the AI- and WI-NRS (24 h). The consistent associations of these instruments with poor outcomes underscores the importance to identify and effectively treat HD patients suffering from pruritus.
Wi-Crack: a smartphone keystroke recognition system based on multi-dimensional information
Authors: Peng Min , Fu Xianxin , Ge Benling , Wang Lusheng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
With the popularity of mobile payment, password protection has become more and more important. Channel state information (CSI) has recently been used to crack passwords in public WiFi environments. The feasibility of password cracking lies in the fact that different keystrokes lead to different finger movement directions and distances, resulting in unique interference to WiFi signal transmission. The unique interference can be recorded by CSI and used for keystroke inference. In this paper, we propose Wi-Crack, a keystroke recognition system for numerical keypad input on smartphones. Two computers equipped with commercial off-the-shelf WiFi NIC comprise the system, with one serving as the transmitter and the other as the receiver. Previous keystroke recognition systems only used the amplitude of CSI for keystroke recognition. Different from them, Wi-Crack combines the amplitude, phase, amplitude difference and phase difference of CSI for keystroke recognition. The use of multi-dimensional information has enabled Wi-Crack to improve keystroke recognition. Experimental results show that Wi-Crack improves the accuracy of keystroke segmentation to consistently above 90%. It also improves the keystroke recognition accuracy on DTW-KNN, SVM, 1D-CNN, and LSTM with over 90% in the best case.
Maturation of field-collected female Agriotes obscurus and Agriotes lineatus (Coleoptera: Elateridae) over their swarming period
Authors: van Herk Willem G , Vernon Robert S , McGowan Aimee , Driver Esther , Schrack Amanda , Davie Nicole 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Larvae of two species of click beetle, Agriotes obscurus and Agriotes lineatus, are important pests of vegetable and field crops in both Europe and North America. Both species have been long and extensively studied, but to date little is known regarding the maturation and egg development of female beetles relative to their swarming periods. This knowledge is important for developing wireworm management tactics that target female beetles, as these would ideally eliminate the beetles before they oviposit. This paper is an attempt to address this knowledge gap. We dissected 2,450 female A. obscurus and 477 female A. lineatus collected in southwestern British Columbia in 2015–2020, and describe how their abdominal lipid content and number of mature eggs change during their swarming period. Based on the presence of mature and immature eggs, active ovarioles, and lipid content, we propose 6 consecutive beetle maturity stages. Beetles collected early in the season have high lipid content and no eggs. Over time, immature, then mature eggs appear and the lipid content decreases dramatically. Ovarioles are generally active throughout the swarming period, even when lipids are no longer present, suggesting that for these species egg laying may continue until the end of the season, and that fecundity depends both on a beetle’s original lipid content at emergence, and subsequent diet.
Disparities in the access to atrial fibrillation ablation in Denmark: who gets ablated, who neglected?
Authors: Zörner Christopher R , Tønnesen Jacob , Riis-Vestergaard Lise Da , Middelfart Charlotte , Hein Regitze , Rasmussen Peter Vibe , Ruwald Martin H , Gislason Gunnar , Hansen Morten Lock 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aims
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia associated with reduced quality of life that can lead to serious complications such as stroke and heart failure. Ablation is a safe and effective treatment for AF but is not offered equally to all patients. The aim of this study is to identify demographic groups more or less likely to undergo AF ablation.

Methods and results
All patients with newly diagnosed AF between 2010 and 2018 were identified in the Danish nationwide registries. The association between gender, age, level of education and attachment to the job market, and the likelihood of receiving AF ablation was investigated using multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis. Cumulative incidence was calculated using the Aalen–Johansen estimator. A total of 176 248 patients were included. Men were more likely to receive ablation than women (7% vs. 3%). Patients aged 25–44 and 45–64 were most likely to receive ablation, while only 0.7% of patients aged 80 or above received ablation. The rate of ablation significantly decreased with decreasing level of education. Full-time employed patients were most likely to receive ablation, followed by self-employed, unemployed, on sick leave, undergoing education, and early retired patients. Retired patients were the least likely to receive ablation (3%).

Conclusion
This study found that women, older patients, patients with lower levels of education, and patients on social benefits are less likely to receive AF ablation. These findings suggest that there are significant social and economic disparities in AF ablation treatment in Denmark.
COVID-19 Impacts on Physical Activity Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Memory Problems: The Moderating Role of Walkable Neighborhood Destinations
Authors: Chen Xi , Lee Chanam , Ory Marcia G , Lee Sungmin , Towne Samuel D , Zhu Xuemei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The number of people with memory problems who desire or are forced to age in place has been growing rapidly. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has brought significant challenges to the ability of those with memory problems to stay active and age in place. This study investigated the roles of neighborhood environments in helping community-dwelling people with memory problems maintain physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Research Design and Methods
We used retrospective online survey data from 75 caregivers who responded on behalf of their care recipients with memory problems living in Texas communities. We used difference-in-difference (DID) estimations based on zero-inflated negative binomial regression models to examine the changes in recreational walking and moderate-to-strenuous exercise before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and whether such changes vary by diversity of walkable neighborhood destinations.

Results
In the total sample, there was a significant reduction in both recreational walking (Δ change = −45.16 min/week, p &lt; .001) and exercise (Δ change = −36.28 min/week, p = .03) after the COVID-19 outbreak. The pandemic’s impact on exercise varied by diversity of neighborhood destinations (DID = 0.81, p = .03). Those living in neighborhoods with diverse walkable destinations experienced less decline in physical activity compared to those living in areas with limited destinations.

Discussion and Implications
These findings suggest that the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity among people with memory problems may be partially explained by neighborhood land-use characteristics. Destination-rich, mixed-use neighborhood environments can help people with memory problems stay active even during pandemics such as COVID-19 in the United States and potentially elsewhere.
Decoupled joint inversion with variable splitting: example scheme for magnetotelluric, seismic and gravity data
Authors: Molodtsov Dmitry , Kiyan Duygu , Bean Christopher J 
Published: September 2024

SUMMARY
We present a general framework for multiphysics joint inversion of any number of geophysical data sets. Its main feature is the use of the variable splitting approach: an auxiliary multiparameter model space is introduced in which minimization of the coupling and stabilizing functionals is carried out. The use of rediscretization and interpolation to map between this auxiliary space and the model spaces allows the coupled models to have completely different parametrizations. Joint inversion is decoupled into the individual inversion and the coupling-regularization subproblems, each of which can be solved by a different optimization algorithm. For each subproblem, the linking term controlling the distance between the model and the corresponding auxiliary variable takes the form of a quadratic regularization with a reference model. As a result, any existing inversion code supporting such regularization can be integrated without modifications into the developed framework. As a concrete example scheme, we consider an application of the framework to 3-D joint inversion of magnetotelluric, seismic refraction and gravity data. We discuss different coupling functionals, mainly those corresponding to the more universal structural constraints: joint total variation, joint minimum support, cross-gradient, one-way cross-gradient and their combinations for a general multimodel case. The use of coupling based on explicit ‘petrophysical’ relationship between the properties is also considered. Performance of the developed framework is studied on three synthetic cases: a time-lapse joint inversion of full-tensor gravity gradiometry and seismic data, a joint inversion of magnetotelluric, seismic and gravity data and a joint inversion for electrical resistivity tomography and audio-magnetotellurics.
A low-cost dpMIG-seq method for elucidating complex inheritance in polysomic crops: a case study in tetraploid blueberry
Authors: Nagasaka Kyoka , Nishimura Kazusa , Motoki Ko , Yamagata Keigo , Nishiyama Soichiro , Yamane Hisayo , Tao Ryutaro , Nakano Ryohei , Nakazaki Tetsuya 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) library construction often requires high-quality DNA extraction, precise adjustment of DNA concentration, and restriction enzyme digestion to reduce genome complexity, which results in increased time and cost in sample preparation and processing. To address these challenges, a PCR-based method for rapid NGS library preparation, named dpMIG-seq, has been developed and proven effective for high-throughput genotyping. However, the application of dpMIG-seq has been limited to diploid and polyploid species with disomic inheritance. In this study, we obtained genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for tetraploid blueberry to evaluate genotyping and downstream analysis outcomes. Comparison of genotyping qualities inferred across samples with different DNA concentrations and multiple bioinformatics approaches revealed high accuracy and reproducibility of dpMIG-seq-based genotyping, with Pearson's correlation coefficients between replicates in the range of 0.91 to 0.98. Furthermore, we demonstrated that dpMIG-seq enables accurate genotyping of samples with low DNA concentrations. Subsequently, we applied dpMIG-seq to a tetraploid F1 population to examine the inheritance probability of parental alleles. Pairing configuration analysis supported the random meiotic pairing of homologous chromosomes on a genome-wide level. On the other hand, preferential pairing was observed on chr-11, suggesting that there may be an exception to the random pairing. Genotypic data suggested quadrivalent formation within the population, although the frequency of quadrivalent formation varied by chromosome and cultivar. Collectively, the results confirmed applicability of dpMIG-seq for allele dosage genotyping and are expected to catalyze the adoption of this cost-effective and rapid genotyping technology in polyploid studies.
Australia’s Ambivalence Again Around Investor-State Arbitration: Comparisons with Europe and Implications for Asia
Authors: Nottage Luke 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In late 2022 Australia’s new Labor government declared that it would no longer agree to investor-State dispute settlement (ISDS) in future international investment agreements (IIAs). Section I reviews its previous anti-ISDS stance (governing with the Greens over 2011 to 2013) inspired by more articulated policy rationales but also the first claim against Australia, over tobacco plain packaging legislation. Then followed the centre-right coalition government’s return to including ISDS on a case-by-case assessment (2014–21) drawing partly on different arguments and evidence. Section II suggests that a new factor behind the latest policy shift comprises a second set of significant ISDS arbitration claims against Australia, from the Singaporean subsidiary of an Australian mining magnate and right-wing political leader. Section III draws parallels with the European Union (EU), whose developed economy member States reacted to inbound ISDS claims by replacing traditional ISDS from 2015 with an ‘investment court’ hybrid process, then influencing multilateral ISDS reform negotiations. Intra-EU ISDS claims are also being precluded by the Court of Justice of the EU, but in the context of European law and institutions providing an alternative pathway for European investors to hold other member States to account. Section IV considers the implications of Australia’s anti-ISDS stance for ongoing and potential IIA (re)negotiations with the EU and Asian States, including the feasibility of moving towards an EU-style investment court approach in Asia-Pacific IIAs. Section V concludes by linking these developments to ongoing debates about reforms to ISDS—locally, regionally and globally—as well as about incomplete investment IIAs.
Implementing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals on Campus: An Exercise in Problem-Based Learning for a Sustainable University
Authors: Chasek Pamela S 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Colleges and universities have a key role to play in teaching students about and implementing the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs can be an essential tool in curriculum development while providing a structure for how universities can think about their mission and their place in society. One way to learn about the 2030 Agenda and develop a better understanding of the challenges in implementing the SDGs is to use problem-based and collaborative learning to enable students to develop projects to address selected goals and targets on campus. The use of problem-based learning uses the SDGs to educate students about sustainable development, enhance students’ problem-solving skills, and prepare students for the challenges they will face in the workplace. This article describes three different iterations of an SDG project undertaken in undergraduate environmental studies classes in 2016, 2018, and 2021. After reviewing the pedagogy of collaborative and problem-based learning, this article describes the steps in this semester-long project, the outcomes, and lessons learned for future problem-based learning projects.
Forum: Youth as Boundary Actors in International Studies
Authors: Orsini Amandine , Kang Yi hyun , Ampomah Emmanuel , Cooper Adam , Gómez-Mera Laura , Gran Brian , Holzscheiter Anna , Salva Roberto S , Vergonjeanne Anaëlle 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Youth represent a great part of humanity and have always been active and intriguing political actors, yet youth remain sidelined in international studies. Issues of social identity perception and its consequences have been embraced by post-positivist approaches in international studies. Yet, while race, gender, and class challenges are shaking the discipline, age is a key research gap. To fill this gap, the conceptual departure of this forum is to study youth, taking 16–30/35 as an age range, as “boundary actors” in international politics. We assembled contributions that address this conceptual departure on topics, including health, conflict, climate change, and indigenous people’s rights, across all world regions with specific focuses on Africa and Asia. Overall, the forum demonstrates that youth are able to move the boundaries: (i) of norms in international politics by asking for a more inclusive implementation of human rights and/or environmental justice; (ii) of procedures by suggesting to broaden decision-making; (iii) of international activism by combining social media and protests as new strategies. Taken together, the contributions show that youth have and are a world-building project, not just a world-confirming project.
Getting Inside the Mind of Leaders and Advisers: A Data Collection Strategy for Historical Case Studies in IR
Authors: He Wendy , Vennesson Pascal 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In the last few decades, a new wave of behavioral research has become prominent in international relations (IR) and led to a welcome expansion of laboratory experiments as well as stimulating dialogues with neurosciences, biology, and genetics. Simultaneously, the study of leaders and their advisers has made a significant comeback. However, in the qualitative study of real-world foreign policy decisions, little progress has been made to provide IR researchers with a strategy to collect data on the mental processes of leaders and advisers. In this paper, we introduce the critical decision method (CDM) and adapt it to historical case studies research in IR. We show how the CDM makes the data collection on cognition more systematic and replicable by providing an 11-item checklist to guide observations on how the human mind works in crisis situations. We argue that this data collection strategy helps bring together insights that shed new light on President Truman’s decision to intervene in the Korean War. Contrary to the conventional wisdom that fast foreign policy decisions tend to be flawed, Truman’s quick decision was well adapted to the circumstances.
A machine-learning prediction model to identify risk of firearm injury using electronic health records data
Authors: Zhou Hui , Nau Claudia , Xie Fagen , Contreras Richard , Ling Grant Deborah , Negriff Sonya , Sidell Margo , Koebnick Corinna , Hechter Rulin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Importance
Firearm injuries constitute a public health crisis. At the healthcare encounter level, they are, however, rare events.

Objective
To develop a predictive model to identify healthcare encounters of adult patients at increased risk of firearm injury to target screening and prevention efforts.

Materials and Methods
Electronic health records data from Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC) were used to identify healthcare encounters of patients with fatal and non-fatal firearm injuries, as well as healthcare visits of a sample of matched controls during 2010-2018. More than 170 predictors, including diagnoses, healthcare utilization, and neighborhood characteristics were identified. Extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) and a split sample design were used to train and test a model that predicted risk of firearm injury within the next 3 years at the encounter level.

Results
A total of 3879 firearm injuries were identified among 5 288 529 KPSC adult members. Prevalence at the healthcare encounter level was 0.01%. The 15 most important predictors included demographics, healthcare utilization, and neighborhood-level socio-economic factors. The sensitivity and specificity of the final model were 0.83 and 0.56, respectively. A very high-risk group (top 1% of predicted risk) yielded a positive predictive value of 0.14% and sensitivity of 13%. This high-risk group potentially reduces screening burden by a factor of 11.7, compared to universal screening. Results for alternative probability cutoffs are presented.

Discussion
Our model can support more targeted screening in healthcare settings, resulting in improved efficiency of firearm injury risk assessment and prevention efforts.
The Role of Predeployment Retraction in Biopsy Marker Migration During Stereotactic Breast Biopsies: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Eltoum Noon , Zamora Kathryn , Murray Adrian , West John , Willis Joseph , Chieh Angela , Li Yufeng , Li Mei , Park Jeong Mi , Woodard Stefanie 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Inaccurate breast biopsy marker placement and marker migration during stereotactic biopsy procedures compromise their reliability for lesion localization and precise surgical excision. This trial evaluated the impact of 5-mm predeployment retraction of the marker introducer on marker migration, investigating other potential factors that influence the outcome.

Methods
This parallel, randomized controlled trial enrolled women aged ≥18 years undergoing stereotactic breast biopsy at a single institution from May 2020 through August 2022. The study was approved by the institutional review board at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB). Patients were randomized to intervention (5-mm introducer retraction before marker deployment) or control (standard marker placement) by drawing a labeled paper. The primary outcome was the distance of marker migration on immediate postprocedure mammogram.

Results
Of 251 patients enrolled, 223 were analyzed; 104 received the intervention, and 119 received control. Mean (SD) marker migration was 12.1 (14.9) mm in the intervention group vs 9.8 (14.9) mm, with differences between groups estimated at 2.3 mm (SE = 1.9, P = .2312) (d = 0.16; 95% CI, 1.5-6.0). Effects of age, breast density, thickness, and biopsy approach showed no statistical significance. In exploratory models, central lesions exhibited 5.7 mm less migration than proximal lesions (95% CI, 0.7-10.6; P = .025), and each body mass index (BMI) unit increase was associated with 0.3 mm greater migration (95% CI, 0-0.6; P = .044).

Conclusion
Retracting the marker introducer 5 mm before deployment did not reduce migration. Higher BMI and certain lesion locations were all associated with marker migration, highlighting the need to investigate biomechanical factors and techniques to optimize breast marker placement.
Clinical Trials Registration: NCT04398537