bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ontwikkelingen in de publieke verantwoording door financieeltoezichthouders
Authors: de Vries Femke , Aelen Margot 
Published: March 2016

Ontwikkelingen in de publieke verantwoording door financieeltoezichthouders
Van onafhankelijke toezichthouders wordt verwacht dat zij verantwoording afleggen. De gedachte is dat hoe onafhankelijker zij zijn, hoe meer verantwoording ze moeten afleggen om balans te houden in het systeem van checks and balances. Toezichthouders leggen via verschillende partijen verantwoording af, maar ook over een veelheid aan criteria. Is de toezichthouder binnen zijn wettelijke mandaat gebleven? Hoe heeft hij de aan hem ter beschikking staande middelen aangewend? Vooral in het financieel toezicht hebben zich op deze terreinen de laatste jaren ontwikkelingen voorgedaan. Deze ontwikkelingen roepen vragen op ten aanzien van de verantwoording door de toezichthouder. In dit artikel worden deze ontwikkelingen vanuit een juridisch perspectief bekeken en in relatie gezet tot het vertrouwen van het publiek in de toezichthouder.
Observer les déplacements dans la construction des scènes locales
Authors: Turbé Sophie 
Published: March 2016

Quelles sont les limites géographiques d’une scène locale ? Comment ces acteurs
agissent comme « agents performatifs » dans la perception de l’espace territorial recomposé
par la musique ? Il s’agit donc de démontrer l’intérêt de sortir d’une vision en vase clos
des scènes locales, pour s’intéresser de plus près aux déplacements de ceux qui les
pratiquent (musiciens, publics), à la façon dont Guy Di Méo (1996) propose une géographie
socio-culturelle des « territoires du quotidien » .
La démonstration repose sur l’observation des déplacements des amateurs de musique
metal issus de trois régions françaises, à savoir la Lorraine, le
Nord-pas-de-Calais et les environs de Rennes et Nantes. L’étude s’appuie sur un matériel
empirique composé de données quantitatives et qualitatives.
Effect of Co and Mo Loading by Impregnation and Ion Exchange Methods on Morphological Properties of Zeolite Y Catalyst
Authors: Anggoro Didi Dwi , Hidayati Nur , Buchori Luqman , Mundriyastutik Yayuk 
Published: March 2016

Coal tar can be used as an alternative raw material for the production of liquid fuels, such as: gasoline and diesel through hydrogenation and cracking process. Hydrogenation and cracking process requires a catalyst which has metal components for hydrogenation reaction and acid components for cracking reaction. In this study, the Co/Zeolite Y and Co-Mo/Zeolite Y catalysts were prepared by impregnation and ion exchange methods. Characterizations of the catalysts were carried out by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and gravimetric acidity. The catalysts were tested for coal tar conversion to liquid fuel under various temperatures, amount of catalyst and hydrogen flow rates in a fixed bed flow reaction system. Liquid fuels products were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). The XRD Spectra indicated that the addition of Co and Mo metals did not affect catalysts structure, however it alters the percentage of crystallinity. The addition of Co metal using impregnation method caused reduction in crystallinity, while the addition of Mo caused improvement of crystallinity. The Co-Mo/Zeolite Y catalyst with highest crystallinity was obtained by loading using ion exchange method. The addition of Co and Mo metals caused increasing acidity. However, the increasing composition of Co and Mo loaded on Zeolite Y catalyst decreased the yield of liquid fuels from coal tar. It can be concluded that the yields of liquid fuels and the composition of gasoline fractions from hydrocracking of coal tar were highly dependent on acidity of the catalyst.
Copper Catalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Cyclization Reactions
Authors: Clark Andrew J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAtom transfer radical cyclization (ATRC) is a powerful technique to prepare functionalized 4–10 membered ring systems using transition metal catalysts. In this review recent advances in the use of copper complexes are described. In particular the effect of different ligands on reactivity, selectivity and product outcome are illustrated with application to heterocycle and natural product synthesis. New approaches that increase catalyst efficiency with supplemental reducing agents are reviewed and examples using green solvents, benign reducing agents (e.g. ascorbic acid) and with catalyst loadings as low as 0.05 mol‐% are highlighted. Radical addition to aromatic rings and rearrangement reactions under ATRC conditions as well as application to radical‐polar crossover reactions are also described.
Airfoil in a high amplitude oscillating stream
Authors: Strangfeld C. , Müller-Vahl H. , Nayeri C. N. , Paschereit C. O. , Greenblatt D. 
Published: March 2016

A combined theoretical and experimental investigation was carried out with the objective of evaluating theoretical predictions relating to a two-dimensional airfoil subjected to high amplitude harmonic oscillation of the free stream at constant angle of attack. Current theoretical approaches were reviewed and extended for the purposes of quantifying the bound, unsteady vortex sheet strength along the airfoil chord. This resulted in a closed form solution that is valid for arbitrary reduced frequencies and amplitudes. In the experiments, the bound, unsteady vortex strength of a symmetric 18 % thick airfoil at low angles of attack was measured in a dedicated unsteady wind tunnel at maximum reduced frequencies of 0.1 and at velocity oscillations less than or equal to 50 %. With the boundary layer tripped near the leading edge and mid-chord, the phase and amplitude variations of the lift coefficient corresponded reasonably well with the theory. Near the maximum lift coefficient overshoot, the data exhibited an additional high-frequency oscillation. Comparisons of the measured and predicted vortex sheet indicated the existence of a recirculation bubble upstream of the trailing edge which sheds into the wake and modifies the Kutta condition. Without boundary layer tripping, a mid-chord bubble is present that strengthens during flow deceleration and its shedding produces a dramatically different effect. Instead of a lift coefficient overshoot, as per the theory, the data exhibit a significant undershoot. This undershoot is also accompanied by high-frequency oscillations that are characterized by the bubble shedding. In summary, the location of bubble and its subsequent shedding play decisive roles in the resulting temporal aerodynamic loads.
A DEVOTIONAL THEORY OF LAW: EPISTEMOLOGY AND MORAL PURPOSE IN EARLY ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE
Authors: Farahat Omar M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe question of the sources of legal normativity continues to haunt legal theorists to this day. While it is largely uncontroversial that modern legal systems claim to produce normative propositions, whether or not there are independent reasons to obey the law remains a contested issue. Those views, as varied as they may be, appear to largely agree that the law is a social phenomenon of definite ontological presence. In this article, I argue, through an analysis of the theories of three prominent ninth- to eleventh-century Muslim jurists, that early Muslim theories of lawmaking did not incorporate any ontologically coherent concept of law. Rather, lawmaking was understood as the case-by-case formulation of legal opinions by individual jurists who were presumed to be driven by the same moral drive, and therefore occupy the same moral order, as all subjects of law. In spite of this ad hoc epistemological view, Islamic jurisprudence conceived of legal pronouncements as fully normative. The normativity of those unstructured ad hoc individual pronouncements, I maintain, is the result of the centrality of moral purpose to early Muslim theories of law. It was the presumption of a common moral drive that gave the legal system structural coherence and allowed the advancement of those pronouncements as normative claims. Whereas recent historical and anthropological work shows that moral motivation was central to the manner in which sharīʿa operated as a system of social regulation, this article argues, along the same lines, that the pietistic drive was both conceptually and structurally indispensable for the normative coherence of early Islamic jurisprudence.
Susceptibility and possible resistance mechanisms in the palm species Phoenix dactylifera, Chamaerops humilis and Washingtonia filifera against Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier, 1790) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Cangelosi B. , Clematis F. , Curir P. , Monroy F. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractRhynchophorus ferrugineus, known as the Red Palm Weevil (RPW), is reported as a pest of up to 40 palm species. However, the susceptibility degree and the defense mechanisms of these species against this weevil are still poorly known. In Europe, the RPW is a major pest of Phoenix canariensis while other palm species, including the congeneric Phoenix dactylifera, seem to be less suitable hosts for this insect. The aim of our study was to compare the defensive response of P. dactylifera, Chamaerops humilis and Washingtonia filifera against R. ferrugineus and try to define the mechanisms of resistance that characterize these species. Bioassays were carried out to evaluate the mortality induced on RPW larvae by extracts from the leaf rachis of the studied palm species. Tests at semi-field scale were also conducted, based either on forced palm infestation, with larvae of RPW, or on natural infestation, with adult females. Rachis extracts from C. humilis and W. filifera caused 100% larval mortality after 2 days of exposure, while extracts of P. dactylifera did not impair larval survival. Independently of the effect of the leaf extracts, the weevils were unable to naturally infest the three palm species, although larval survival was high after forced infestation of the plants. We concluded that the observed lack of infestation of P. dactylifera by RPW is due to factors other than antibiosis. In W. filifera and C. humilis, although the presence of antixenosis mechanisms cannot be excluded, resistance to R. ferrugineus seems to rely on the presence of antibiosis compounds.
Outcomes of synchronous pulmonary nodules detected on computed tomography in head and neck cancer patients: 12-year retrospective review of a consecutive cohort
Authors: Zammit-Maempel I , Kurien R , Paleri V 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjective:To investigate the long-term outcomes of pulmonary nodules detected on chest computed tomography in a consecutive cohort of patients with newly diagnosed or recurrent head and neck squamous cell cancer staged between 2001 and 2003.Results:The study included 222 patients, 148 patients with newly diagnosed head and neck cancer (group 1) and 74 patients with recurrent cancer (group 2). Abnormalities were identified in 101 patients (45.4 per cent); these were predominantly benign in group 1 (61.7 per cent) as compared to predominantly malignant in group 2 (64.3 per cent) (Fisher's exact test; p = 0.0009). Only four patients (7.4 per cent) with an initially benign-looking pulmonary nodule went on to develop malignancy over time, conferring a negative predictive value of 93 per cent for the whole cohort.Conclusion:Chest computed tomography abnormalities in patients with recurrent head and neck cancer are statistically more likely to be malignant. Very few patients with an initially benign-appearing nodule develop chest malignancy over time.
Bufadienolide and alkaloid-based chemical defences in two different species of neotropical anurans are equally effective against the same arthropod predators
Authors: Hantak Maggie M. , Paluh Daniel J. , Saporito Ralph A. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract:Defensive chemicals in anuran skin secretions function in protection against potential predators. Although studies have demonstrated that particular chemicals are effective against certain predators, very little is known about how different chemicals from different species function against the same predators. Understanding how different chemicals function as a defence against similar predators is fundamental to the ecology and evolution of chemical defences in frogs. In the present study, the defensive function of bufadienolide-based defences in adultRhaebo haematiticus(Bufonidae) were compared with alkaloid-based defences in adult and juvenileDendrobates auratus(Dendrobatidae) against the same predators. Most bufonids contain synthesized bufadienolides, whereas dendrobatids contain dietary-derived alkaloids. Predation trials were performed with two potential invertebrate predators,Paraponera clavata(bullet ant) andCupiennius coccineus(ctenid spider), to determine how these predators respond to two different types of frog chemical defence. The non-chemically defended frogCraugastor fitzingeriserved as a control in all predation trials. Our results suggest that bufadienolide defences ofR. haematiticusand alkaloid defences ofD. auratusare equally effective towards bullet ant and ctenid spider predators. The similar avoidance and cleaning behaviours exhibited by these ants and spiders after contact with bufadienolides and alkaloids suggest that both types of defence are unpalatable to these arthropod predators.
The effect of treefall gaps on the understorey structure and composition of the tropical dry forest of Nizanda, Oaxaca, Mexico: implications for forest regeneration
Authors: Dechnik-Vázquez Yanus A. , Meave Jorge A. , Pérez-García Eduardo A. , Gallardo-Cruz José A. , Romero-Romero Marco Antonio 
Published: March 2016

Abstract:The role of canopy gaps in tropical dry forest (TDF) dynamics remains unclear. Here, 75 canopy gaps, mostly formed by the fall of Bursera spp. and Pachycereus pecten-aboriginum individuals, are described, and their potential consequences for forest regeneration are analysed in a Mexican TDF. In 50 randomly selected gaps, understorey vegetation was sampled with a paired design (inside and outside gaps) and by distinguishing two plant height categories. In total, 1940 plants were recorded (63% in gaps and 37% in non-gap plots). Community attributes (density, community cover, taxonomic richness and Shannon diversity) were significantly higher for both height categories in gap plots. Conversely, neither an NMDS ordination nor a multinomial classification of 187 species by habitat affinities revealed floristic segregation between gaps and non-gaps; almost all species were classified as habitat generalists, with only a few opportunistic forbs (but no single tree species) being classified as gap specialists. The most important effects of gap formation are significant increases in plant abundance and species richness, but not a different species composition. Against earlier views that gap-phase dynamics is inconsequential for TDF dynamics, these results suggest a more active, albeit modest, role of treefall gaps in TDF, through promoting an abundant establishment.
Do acting out verbs with dolls and comparison learning between scenes boost toddlers’ verb comprehension?
Authors: SCHWARZ AMY LOUISE , VAN KLEECK ANNE , MAGUIRE MANDY J. , ABDI HERVÉ 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTo better understand how toddlers integrate multiple learning strategies to acquire verbs, we compared sensorimotor recruitment and comparison learning because both strategies are thought to boost children's access to scene-level information. For sensorimotor recruitment, we tested having toddlers use dolls as agents and compared this strategy with having toddlers observe another person enact verbs with dolls. For comparison learning, we compared providing pairs of: (a) training scenes in which animate objects with similar body-shapes maintained agent/patient roles with (b) scenes in which objects with dissimilar body-shapes switched agent/patient roles. Only comparison learning boosted verb comprehension.
Characteristics and progress of patients who receive inpatient rehabilitation services
Authors: Kavanagh Annett , Nkire Nnamdi , Lavelle Ena 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectives:To describe the characteristics and progress of the first 50 patients with severe and enduring mental illness who accessed inpatient rehabilitation services in Dublin North East Mental Health Service between 2001 and 2006.Method:Retrospective collection of data on the first 50 inpatients from case notes and staff interviews. Data included demographics, psychiatric history, results of rehabilitation interventions and assessment tools. The results were compiled and analysed using descriptive statistics.Results:Fifty patients were identified. The majority were male (68%) with a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia (60%). The levels of co-morbid alcohol and drug misuse were 40% and 30% respectively. Histories of verbal/physical aggression were found in 92% and impulsive behaviour in 70%. The majority of patients had a past history of being detained under the Mental Treatment Act (1945). High levels of co-morbid physical health problems were identified. New long-stay (NLS) patients showed a trend towards requiring the shortest admissions prior to being ready for discharge to lower levels of support.Conclusion:One third of patients moved on to reside at lower support levels and accessed vocational training programmes following active inpatient rehabilitation interventions. However, there remained a cohort of patients who required prolonged inpatient admissions due to their high levels of disability. This study further highlights the need to ensure that a range of rehabilitation services from inpatient to supported community placement are provided to meet the needs of patients with severe and enduring mental illness with complex needs.
Neuropsychology and its relevance to clinical psychology in the non-specialist adult mental health setting
Authors: Khalily Muhammad Tahir 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectives:This study aims to investigate the prevalence of neuropsychological disorders in a non-specialist clinical psychology service in adult mental health service and also to explore the existence of neuropsychological symptoms in those subjects having psychiatric disorders.Method:The yearly data of new referrals from the psychology register and record files of the patients was collected for this purpose and subsequently analysed. The two content scales of MMPI-2, ie. HEA2 and HEA3 were administered and scored.Results:The results indicate that neuropsychological disorders were the second major referral source during this period and a significant difference (p = 0.001) was found between the scores of HEA-2 and HEA-3, which suggest that the subjects reported more neuropsychological symptoms than symptoms of general health concern during their initial routine psychological assessment.Conclusion:There is consistency in our findings regarding the questions raised in this study which indicates a prevalence of neuropsychological disorders in adult mental health settings. It also indicates a high rate of neurological symptoms in psychiatric patients with psychiatric disorders.
Implication of rates of referral to a specialised inpatient neuropsychiatry team
Authors: O'Brien Finian M , Devitt Pauline , Corcoran Ciaran D , Murphy Kieran C 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectives: This study examined and compared the number and pattern of referrals from neurosurgery and neurology specialist services to the inpatient liaison neuropsychiatry service in the years 2002 and 2005. We estimated the prevalence of psychiatric illness and evaluated the results of subsequent psychiatric assessment and follow-up of all patients reviewed by the neuropsychiatry service.Methods: The medical notes of those patients referred to the neuropsychiatry team were retrospectively examined to obtain appropriate information on assessment and management of these cases.Results: There were 544 referrals over the two years selected for study. Rates of referral to the inpatient neuropsychiatry service increased overall by 35% between 2002 and 2005. Overall, referrals from neurology comprised 85%, neurosurgery 15%. Patients with epilepsy comprised the majority of referrals (36%). A total of 378 (73%) had an acute psychiatric disorder and this group had a significantly higher rate (p = 0.01) of past psychiatric disorder (40%) than that in those with no acute mental illness (33%). Depressive episode was the most frequent acute psychiatric diagnosis (38%), followed by anxiety and organic psychiatric disorder (both 15%). Overall, 21% of patients diagnosed with acute mental illness were referred on discharge to the neuropsychiatry outpatient clinic for specialist follow up and the remainder followed-up by either local mental health teams or their GP.Conclusions: These findings provide clear evidence that further resources should be allocated to expanding neuropsychiatry mental health services to improve detection and management of mental illness in this vulnerable patient group.
The Ennis District Lunatic Asylum and the Clare Workhouse Lunatic Asylums in 1901
Authors: Walsh Dermot 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe 1901 Census of Population returns provide a unique opportunity to examine the broad characteristics of institutionalised mental illness in one county over a century ago by complementing and extending the information contained in the main statutory source, the Report of the Inspector of Lunacy. This paper presents these characteristics as they relate to the first area on which such data have become publicly accessible - County Clare.
Management of alcohol use disorders
Authors: Feeney Larkin 
Published: March 2016

Welcome to the third module in our Continuing Professional Development Section (CPD). CPD is now a key element in the clinical activity of all health professionals and a cornerstone of good clinical governance throughout mental health services. This section of the Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine will provide CPD modules dedicated to key topics in mental health care. In order to assist learning and self-assessment, multiple choice questions will be provided at the end of each module.This module and its multiple choice questions are available online on the website of the Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine (www.ijpm.org). The CPD policy of the College of Psychiatry of Ireland indicates that psychiatrists who participate in suitable online learning which fits the criteria for CPD may claim CPD points under the Personal CPD category (up to a maximum of 5 points per year).We are confident that this CPD Section of the Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine will prove to be a valuable resource for consultant psychiatrists, psychiatric trainees and all journal readers. We welcome feedback from readers and, especially, any suggestions for topics to be covered in future CPD modules. Suggestions should be emailed to: psychological@medmedia.ie