bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Translation, Validation, and Reliability of the Dutch Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument Computer Adaptive Test
Authors: Arensman Remco M. , Pisters Martijn F. , de Man-van Ginkel Janneke M. , Schuurmans Marieke J. , Jette Alan M. , de Bie Rob A. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Background
Adequate and user-friendly instruments for assessing physical function and disability in older adults are vital for estimating and predicting health care needs in clinical practice. The Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument Computer Adaptive Test (LLFDI-CAT) is a promising instrument for assessing physical function and disability in gerontology research and clinical practice.

Objective
The aims of this study were: (1) to translate the LLFDI-CAT to the Dutch language and (2) to investigate its validity and reliability in a sample of older adults who spoke Dutch and dwelled in the community.

Design
For the assessment of validity of the LLFDI-CAT, a cross-sectional design was used. To assess reliability, measurement of the LLFDI-CAT was repeated in the same sample.

Methods
The item bank of the LLFDI-CAT was translated with a forward-backward procedure. A sample of 54 older adults completed the LLFDI-CAT, World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0, RAND 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey physical functioning scale (10 items), and 10-Meter Walk Test. The LLFDI-CAT was repeated in 2 to 8 days (mean=4.5 days). Pearson's r and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (2,1) were calculated to assess validity, group-level reliability, and participant-level reliability.

Results
A correlation of .74 for the LLFDI-CAT function scale and the RAND 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey physical functioning scale (10 items) was found. The correlations of the LLFDI-CAT disability scale with the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 and the 10-Meter Walk Test were −.57 and −.53, respectively. The ICC (2,1) of the LLFDI-CAT function scale was .84, with a group-level reliability score of .85. The ICC (2,1) of the LLFDI-CAT disability scale was .76, with a group-level reliability score of .81.

Limitations
The high percentage of women in the study and the exclusion of older adults with recent joint replacement or hospitalization limit the generalizability of the results.

Conclusions
The Dutch LLFDI-CAT showed strong validity and high reliability when used to assess physical function and disability in older adults dwelling in the community.
EGR1, EGFR and IGF1R protein expressions in non-small cell lung cancer and their clinical significances
Authors: Yu Dujuan , Tan Ping , Yu Min , Shi Shaomin , Wang Xue 
Published: March 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence and clinical significance of alterations in EGFR, IGF1R and the cell signaling pathway activities induced by them, as well as EGR1 expression in resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The protein expressions of biomarker were evaluated by Western blotting in tissues from 19 surgically resected NSCLCs. High expressions of EGR1, EGFR and IGF1R were detected in more than 30% tumor tissues. High expressions of pErk and pAkt were detected in more than 50% paracancer tissues. There were significant correlations between the NSCLC target factors detected (p<0.05). Alterations of protein expressions of target factor detected in NSCLC were significantly associated with alterations in pathological subtype, differentiation, pathological stage, and smoking history. Positive EGR1 might be associated with good survival, while positive pErk might be associated with poor prognosis.
Mindset and Guidelines: Insights to Enhance Collaborative, Campus-wide, Cross-sectoral Digital Humanities Initiatives
Authors: Gaffield Chad 
Published: March 2016

At the heart of the emergence and development of the Digital Humanities has been the potential to move beyond the out-dated epistemological and metaphysical dichotomies of the later 20th century including quantitative-qualitative, pure-applied, and campus-community. Despite significant steps forward, this potential has been only partially realized as illustrated by DH pioneer Edward L. Ayers’ recent question, ‘Does Digital Scholarship have a future?’ As a way to think through current challenges and opportunities, this paper reflects on the building and initial use of the Canadian Century Research Infrastructure (CCRI). As one of the largest projects in the history of the social sciences and humanities, CCRI enables research on the making of modern Canada by offering complex databases that cover the first half of the twentieth century. Built by scholars from multiple disciplines from coast-to-coast and in collaboration with government agencies and the private sector, CCRI team members came to grips with key DH questions especially those faced by interdisciplinary, multi-institutional, cross-sectoral and internationally-connected initiatives. Thinking through this experience does not generate simple recipes or lessons-learned but does offer promising practices as well as new questions for future scholarly consideration.
Medieval Music in Linked Open Data: A Case Study on Linking Medieval Motets
Authors: Rose-Steel Tamsyn , Turnator Ece 
Published: March 2016

In Fall 2013, the Council on Library and Information Resources (CLIR), funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, engaged five postdoctoral fellows placed in five different institutions to explore issues related to data curation for medieval studies. In May 2015, these fellows convened a two-day workshop on the sharing and publishing of Linked Open Data (LOD). Funded by a CLIR/Mellon microgrant, the workshop brought together librarians, technologists, and scholars to brainstorm on the challenges posed to medievalists in sharing data on digital platforms. 2 The workshop offered a forum in which to discuss the complexity of medieval data and the challenges of sharing and publishing it. It enabled participants to appreciate LOD's potential to express complicated data sets in our area of study and aid the navigation of those data sets, as well as understand how LOD can facilitate scholars to share and publish research outcomes more effectively. In this article, we take the lessons learned from the workshop and apply them to a set of complex data: 13th-century French motets, short pieces of music usually consisting of three lines and incorporating manifold connections and references. Following an outline of LOD, a detailed explanation of the motet and the manner of its composition will set the scene for elucidating the levels of complexity to be found in motet metadata, and hence why the LOD model can aid us in negotiating the data. We will then demonstrate an effective application of LOD by proposing a proof-of-concept system for organizing a select set of motets.
Semi-supervised Textual Analysis and Historical Research Helping Each Other: Some Thoughts and Observations
Authors: Nanni Federico , Kümper Hiram , Ponzetto Simone Paolo 
Published: March 2016

Future historians will describe the rise of the World Wide Web as the turning point of their academic profession. As a matter of fact, thanks to an unprecedented amount of digitization projects and to the preservation of born-digital sources, for the first time they have at their disposal a gigantic collection of traces of our past. However, to understand trends and obtain useful insights from these very large amounts of data, historians will need more and more fine-grained techniques. This will be especially true if their objective will turn to hypothesis-testing studies, in order to build arguments by employing their deep in-domain expertise. For this reason, we focus our paper on a set of computational techniques, namely semi-supervised computational methods, which could potentially provide us with a methodological turning point for this change. As a matter of fact these approaches, due to their potential of affirming themselves as both knowledge and data driven at the same time, could become a solid alternative to some of the today most employed unsupervised techniques. However, historians who intend to employ them as evidences for supporting a claim, have to use computational methods not anymore as black boxes but as a series of well known methodological approaches. For this reason, we believe that if developing computational skills will be important for them, a solid background knowledge on the most important data analysis and results evaluation procedures will become far more capital.
G11.2−0.3: THE YOUNG REMNANT OF A STRIPPED-ENVELOPE SUPERNOVA
Authors: Borkowski Kazimierz J. , Reynolds Stephen P. , Roberts Mallory S. E. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
We present results of a 400 ks Chandra observation of the young shell supernova remnant (SNR) G11.2−0.3, containing a pulsar and pulsar-wind nebula (PWN). We measure a mean expansion rate for the shell since 2000 of 0.0277 ± 0.0018% yr−1, implying an age between 1400 and 2400 yr, and making G11.2−0.3 one of the youngest core-collapse SNRs in the Galaxy. However, we find very high absorption (A

V
∼ 16
m
± 2
m
), confirming near-IR determinations and ruling out a claimed association with the possible historical SN of 386 CE. The PWN shows strong jets and a faint torus within a larger, more diffuse region of radio emission and nonthermal X-rays. Central soft thermal X-ray emission is anticorrelated with the PWN; that, and more detailed morphological evidence, indicates that the reverse shock has already reheated all ejecta and compressed the PWN. The pulsar characteristic energy-loss timescale is well in excess of the remnant age, and we suggest that the bright jets have been produced since the recompression. The relatively pronounced shell and diffuse hard X-ray emission in the interior, enhanced at the inner edge of the shell, indicate that the immediate circumstellar medium into which G11.2−0.3 is expanding was quite anisotropic. We propose a possible origin for G11.2−0.3 in a stripped-envelope progenitor that had lost almost all its envelope mass, in an anisotropic wind or due to binary interaction, leaving a compact core whose fast winds swept previously lost mass into a dense irregular shell, and which exploded as a SN cIIb or Ibc.
THERMODYNAMIC SPECTRUM OF SOLAR FLARES BASED ON SDO/EVE OBSERVATIONS: TECHNIQUES AND FIRST RESULTS
Authors: Wang Yuming , Zhou Zhenjun , Zhang Jie , Liu Kai , Liu Rui , Shen Chenglong , Chamberlin Phillip C. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
The Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)/EUV Variability Experiment (EVE) provides rich information on the thermodynamic processes of solar activities, particularly on solar flares. Here, we develop a method to construct thermodynamic spectrum (TDS) charts based on the EVE spectral lines. This tool could potentially be useful for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) astronomy to learn about the eruptive activities on distant astronomical objects. Through several cases, we illustrate what we can learn from the TDS charts. Furthermore, we apply the TDS method to 74 flares equal to or greater than the M5.0 class, and reach the following statistical results. First, EUV peaks are always behind the soft X-ray (SXR) peaks and stronger flares tend to have faster cooling rates. There is a power-law correlation between the peak delay times and the cooling rates, suggesting a coherent cooling process of flares from SXR to EUV emissions. Second, there are two distinct temperature drift patterns, called Type I and Type II. For Type I flares, the enhanced emission drifts from high to low temperature like a quadrilateral, whereas for Type II flares the drift pattern looks like a triangle. Statistical analysis suggests that Type II flares are more impulsive than Type I flares. Third, for late-phase flares, the peak intensity ratio of the late phase to the main phase is roughly correlated with the flare class, and the flares with a strong late phase are all confined. We believe that the re-deposition of the energy carried by a flux rope, which unsuccessfully erupts out, into thermal emissions is responsible for the strong late phase found in a confined flare. Furthermore, we show the signatures of the flare thermodynamic process in the chromosphere and transition region in the TDS charts. These results provide new clues to advance our understanding of the thermodynamic processes of solar flares and associated solar eruptions, e.g., coronal mass ejections.
AN OH(1720 MHZ) MASER AND A NONTHERMAL RADIO SOURCE INSGR B2(M): AN SNR–MOLECULAR CLOUD INTERACTION SITE?
Authors: Yusef-Zadeh F. , Cotton W. , Wardle M. , Intema H. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Sgr B2 is a well-known star-forming molecular cloud complex in the Galactic center region showing evidence of high energy activity as traced by the Kα neutral Fe i line at 6.4 keV, as well as GeV and TeV γ-ray emission. Here, we present Very Large Array and GMRT observations with respective resolutions of

and

and report the detection of an OH(1720 MHz) maser, with no accompanying OH 1665, 1667, and 1612 MHz maser emission. The maser coincides with a 150 MHz nonthermal radio source in Sgr B2(M). This rare class of OH(1720 MHz) masers or the so-called supernova remnant (SNR) masers, with no main line transitions, trace shocked gas and signal the interaction of an expanding SNR with a molecular cloud. We interpret the 150 MHz radio source as either the site of a SNR–molecular gas interaction or a wind–wind collision in a massive binary system. The interaction of the molecular cloud and the nonthermal source enhances the cosmic-ray ionization rate, allows the diffusion of cosmic rays into the cloud, and produces the variable 6.4 keV line, GeV, and TeV γ-ray emission from Sgr B2(M). The cosmic-ray electron interaction with the gas in the Galactic center can not only explain the measured high values of cosmic-ray ionization and heating rates but also contribute to nonthermal bremsstrahlung continuum emission, all of which are consistent with observations.
Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Obese Adolescent
Authors: Mansour Manal , Nassef Yasser E. , Abu Shady Mones , Aziz Ali Abdel , El Malt Heba A. 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND: Childhood and adolescent obesity is associated with insulin resistance, abnormal glucose metabolism, hypertension, dyslipidemia, inflammation, liver disease, and compromised vascular function. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factor abnormalities and metabolic syndrome in a sample of obese adolescent as prevalence data might be helpful in improving engagement with obesity treatment in future. The high blood lipid levels and obesity are the main risk factors for cardio vascular diseases. Atherosclerotic process begins in childhood.AIM: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between obesity in adolescent and their blood lipids levels and blood glucose level.METHODS: This study was conducted with 100 adolescents of both gender age 12-17 years and body mass index (BMI) greater than 95th percentiles and 100 normal adolescents as control group. The blood samples were collected from all adolescents after overnight fasting (10 hours) to analyze blood lipids (Total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein) and hematological profile (Hemoglobin, platelets and red blood cell, C reactive protein and fasting blood glucose.RESULTS: There were statistical difference between the two groups for red blood cells (P<0.001), Hemoglobin (P < 0.001) and platelets (P = 0.002), CRP (P = 0.02). Positive correlation was found between the two groups as regards total cholesterol (P = 0.0001), P value was positive for HDL (P = 0.005 and Atherogenic index P value was positive (P = 0.002). Positive correlation was found between the two group as regards fasting blood glucose (P = 0.001).CONCLUSION:Â Saturated fat was associated with elevated lipid levels in obese children. These results reinforce the importance of healthy dietary habits since child-hood in order to reduce the risks of cardiovascular diseases in adulthood.
Après l’année zéro. Histoire croisée de la lutte contre le viol en France et aux États-Unis
Authors: Delage Pauline 
Published: March 2016

Croiser l’histoire de la problématisation féministe du viol en France et aux États-Unis permet de mettre en évidence les transferts militants qui ont contribué à façonner cette cause dans les années 1970. Des idées et des pratiques communes apparaissent alors de part et d’autre de l’Atlantique, et convergent vers la construction d’une même grille de lecture des violences sexuelles. Pourtant, certaines de ces idées et pratiques ne passent pas d’un contexte à l’autre. Si elle est souvent évoquée en référence au contexte états-unien, la question raciale est par exemple traitée de manière différente en France. De même, le rape crisis center devient le dispositif premier de la lutte contre le viol aux États-Unis, alors qu’aucun équivalent n’apparaît en France. Analyser les convergences et les divergences dans la constitution de cette cause, ainsi que les circulations et les filtres qui empêchent certains échanges, éclaire les conditions de diffusion et de réception qui permettent à des idées et à des pratiques militantes d’émerger et de prendre corps dans un contexte spécifique.
La circulation transnationale du self-help féministe : acte 2 des luttes pour l’avortement libre ?
Authors: Ruault Lucile 
Published: March 2016

Tandis qu’en France, dans les années 1970, le champ médical s’appropriait les méthodes d’avortement et de contraception, des savoirs hétérodoxes sur le corps et la gynécologie, critiques de l’institution médicale, ont voyagé à partir du mouvement féministe étasunien de self-help . L’étude de la réception et de l’adaptation des démarches de self-help par des fractions minoritaires du Mouvement pour la liberté de l’avortement et de la contraception (MLAC) permet de mettre au jour les conditions de diffusion transnationale de ces pratiques et rhétoriques, pour ensuite appréhender la greffe, limitée mais stimulante, qui s’est produite auprès des groupes MLAC étudiés ici. L’acquisition d’une contre-expertise reconnue dans un espace militant transnational a insufflé en retour une redynamisation des MLAC et légitimé leurs compétences auprès de réseaux militants au niveau (trans) local et national. Cette réflexion est issue d’une thèse en cours s’appuyant sur un matériau empirique original qui combine d’abondantes sources d’archives et des entretiens longs avec des militantes de divers MLAC et de groupes self-help en France et à l’étranger.
Plaider la cause homosexuelle en Afrique : engagements et enjeux de visibilité au sein d’un réseau franco-africain
Authors: Gallardo Lucille 
Published: March 2016

Depuis les années 1990, l’usage du terme « plaidoyer » s’est généralisé dans le domaine du tiers secteur pour définir des actions de promotion de causes et légitimer des modèles de revendication. La diffusion de ces modèles à travers le monde a entraîné l'émergence de coalitions transnationales non gouvernementales qui œuvrent en faveur de causes homogénéisées, malgré les différences de situations nationales et locales. La notion de plaidoyer, les actions qui s'y réfèrent, les modalités de formulation des causes, ainsi que les groupes et individus qui s'en revendiquent sont pourtant multiples et hétérogènes. Les conditions concrètes de production d'actions dites de plaidoyer sont étudiées ici à travers le cas du réseau associatif franco-africain Africagay contre le sida. Il s'agit d'analyser en quoi consiste, dans ce cas, le plaidoyer, comment se construit l'action transnationale du réseau et quels en sont les finalités et les déterminants nationaux. Il s’avère que les raisons d'être d'Africagay contre le sida tiennent autant au rôle prépondérant qu'y joue l’association française AIDES et au déploiement de son action en Afrique qu'au souhait collectif de porter la « cause homosexuelle » dans l'arène militante internationale investie dans cette lutte.
Une simple affaire de mots ? Construction d’un discours d’autolégitimation des compagnies de sécurité privée
Authors: Magnon-pujo Cyril 
Published: March 2016

Le poids du discours dans les processus de légitimation est étudié ici à partir du cas des compagnies de sécurité privée actives à l’international. Longtemps décriées parce que perçues comme une forme de mercenariat, ces compagnies sont aujourd’hui largement utilisées et reconnues en tant qu’entreprises spécialisées, privées et régulées. Fortes de cette identité nouvellement acquise, elles apparaissent désormais comme des acteurs légitimes. Il convient, dès lors, de s’interroger sur les modalités de ce processus de légitimation, en confrontant la production d’un discours sur soi de la part des compagnies de sécurité avec les manières de parler d’elles dans d’autres arènes. Cette mise en parallèle permet de faire ressortir les contraintes pesant sur la production d’un discours en matière de sécurité privée et, surtout, d’analyser les conditions de son autorité. Imposer un discours – et une identité – dans un domaine pensé comme étant du ressort de l’État ne saurait en effet se réduire à un processus d’autodéfinition.
La régulation de l’Open data
Authors: Clément-Fontaine Mélanie 
Published: March 2016

La notion d’Open data est discutée et repose sur deux acceptions soumises à des impératifs économiques et juridiques bien différents. Cette étude est circonscrite à l’analyse de la politique qui préside l’ouverture des données d’origine publique et laisse de côté les données ouvertes provenant des secteurs privés marchands ou non marchands. Même dans ce cadre, la régulation est protéiforme et dépendante des modalités et des objectifs propres à chaque État. La régulation de l’Open data suppose ensuite d’être conciliée avec les régimes de la protection des créations intellectuelles, des données personnelles, ou encore du secret des affaires ce qui fait l’objet d’âpres discussions sur le plan international. Dès lors, le chemin pour y parvenir est encore sinueux. Selon un raisonnement en ellipse, l’objet de la politique de l’Open data est double. Il vise, d’une part, les éléments qui sont mis en partage. Le droit ne distingue pas entre la donnée et l’information publique. D’autre part, les objectifs poursuivis sont doubles, procédant du renforcement de la démocratie et de l’accélération de l’économie numérique. Enfin, la gestion de l’Open data repose à la fois sur des principes directeurs définis par la directive PSI de 2013, et de nombreux organes de régulation comme en témoigne l’exemple français. ■
Open data et business models
Authors: Roché Étienne 
Published: March 2016

À l’heure où les discussions parlementaires se crispent autour du principe de gratuité, il est important de réfléchir sur le modèle économique de l’Open data. En effet, la question de la réexploitation des données n’oppose pas la gratuité à la licence. La donnée en soi n’a pas grand intérêt, à part pour celui qui la collecte. C’est la mise en relation avec d’autres données qui peut révéler une nature tout à fait différente et une information inattendue, créant une nouvelle utilité et donc une valeur. Le modèle économique choisi doit concourir dans sa logique à cette création de valeur et se structure à partir des plateformes. Le modèle apparaît ainsi dynamique s’opposant au débat plus statique inhérent à l’idée de gratuité et à ses exceptions visant à préserver les droits de propriété intellectuelle ou le préjudice économique engendré par la libération de certaines données. Le modèle économique de l’Open data, dans la lignée de l’Open source, s’en distingue néanmoins. Pour le comprendre, il convient d’en caractériser les coûts incompressibles de plateforme et de distribution de façon à les répartir entre les différents acteurs en fonction de leur nature (publics, privés...). Il convient également en fonction des revenus attendus de choisir le business model le plus adapté : freemium, financement croisé, modèle de réseaux et collaboratif. Les meilleures pratiques s’observent au regard de l’attractivité et de la confiance que la plateforme suscite. ■