bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population Pharmacokinetics of Cefuroxime in Critically Ill Patients Receiving Continuous Venovenous Hemofiltration With Regional Citrate Anticoagulation and a Phosphate-Containing Replacement Fluid
Authors: Janssen Paddy K. C. , Foudraine Norbert A. , Burgers Desirée M. T. , Neef Kees , le Noble Jos L. M. L. 
Published: August 2016

Background:
Cefuroxime is frequently prescribed as an antimicrobial therapy in critically ill patients. The aim of this study was to develop a new intravenous dosing strategy for cefuroxime in critically ill patients undergoing continuous venovenous hemofiltration with regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA-CVVH) by analyzing its extracorporeal removal and pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters.

Methods:
Nine critically ill patients treated with intravenous cefuroxime and RCA-CVVH and a phosphate-containing replacement fluid were investigated. Arterial and effluent samples were obtained from all patients and pre- and postfilter venous blood samples were obtained from a subgroup of 5 patients. Plasma cefuroxime levels were determined by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in plasma samples collected before and after intravenous infusion of either 1500 mg cefuroxime every 12 hours or 3000 mg continuously over 24 hours. Population PK analysis and dosing simulations were performed using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling and Monte Carlo simulations.

Results:
The volume of distribution (VD) of cefuroxime in the central compartment, corrected for lean body mass, was 0.11 ± 0.056 L/kgLBMc, CVVH-mediated clearance was 49.5–50.6 mL/min, the mean elimination half-life (t½) was 90 minutes (77–103), and the mean sieving coefficient was 0.89 ± 0.01. A 2-compartment model with between-subject variability in clearance, VD, and t½ described these data adequately. Simulation of a standard dosing regimen (750 mg/12 hours) predicted failure to achieve the international target plasma cefuroxime concentration (32 mg/L).

Conclusions:
Cefuroxime clearance by RCA-CVVH was twice the reported clearance during standard CVVH. Our PK data predicted that a maintenance dose of 3000 mg cefuroxime, infused over 24 hours, would provide an optimal steady-state plasma concentration of 38.5 mg/L. The developed population PK model for cefuroxime has the potential to inform new dosing schedules in patients receiving cefuroxime during RCA-CVVH.
Predicting urinary incontinence after surgery for pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Jelovsek John E. 
Published: August 2016

Purpose of review
Many women choosing to have surgery for pelvic organ prolapse also choose to undergo continence surgery. This review focuses on available evidence that clinicians may use to counsel patients when choosing whether to perform continence surgery and how predictive analytic tools improve this decision-making process.

Recent findings
Midurethral sling, Burch cystourethropexy and bladder neck sling are highly effective for the surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence. Trials demonstrate that continence surgery may be routinely performed to reduce the risk of postoperative incontinence in women undergoing surgery for pelvic organ prolapse with or without preoperative stress urinary incontinence. Although these procedures are effective and well tolerated on average, media concerns, regulatory warnings and litigation reinforce the need for a balanced discussion regarding efficacy and potential adverse events directed at the individual patient during the preoperative visit. Advances in predictive analytics allow surgeons to quantitate individual risk using algorithms that tailor estimates for the individual patient and facilitate shared understanding of risks and benefits. These models are less prone to cognitive biases and frequently outperform experienced clinicians.

Summary
This review discusses how predictive analytic tools can be used to improve decisions about continence surgery in the woman planning to undergo prolapse surgery.
Associations between dietary patterns and psychological factors: a cross-sectional study among Chinese postmenopausal women
Authors: Liu Zhao-min , Ho Suzanne C. , Xie Yao Jie , Chen Ya-jun , Chen Yu-ming , Chen Bailing , Wong Samuel Yeung-shan , Chan Dicken , Wong Carmen Ka Man , He Qiqiang , Tse Lap Ah , Woo Jean 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Objective:
The aim of this study is to explore the association of dietary patterns with depression, perceived stress, and self-esteem among postmenopausal Chinese women.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 906 participants who attended the screening visits for two soy trials. Dietary data were collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire containing 85 food items. Principal component factor analysis was used to derive dietary patterns based on 11 food groups. Psychological factors were assessed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, and Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale.

Results:
We identified three dietary patterns as follows: processed foods (refined grains, preserved foods, fat meat, fried foods, and sweets), whole plant foods (whole grains, vegetables, and fruits), and animal foods (fish, lean meat, and milk products). Multivariable linear regression analyses indicated that whole plant food intake was negatively associated with depression score (P = 0.030). Processed food intake was positively associated with perceived stress (P = 0.025) and depression (P = 0.073), and negatively associated with scores of self-esteem (P = 0.046). The highest tertile of processed foods score was associated with 79.3% increased risk of depression (P for trend = 0.006), whereas the highest tertile of whole plant food score was associated with 26% reduction of depression (P for trend = 0.023) relative to the lowest tertile.

Conclusions:
Dietary patterns featuring a low intake of processed foods and/or a high intake of whole plant foods were associated with a reduced risk of depression and perceived stress.
Tumescent Liposuction without Lidocaine
Authors: Goldman Joshua J. , Wang Wei Z. , Fang Xin-Hua , Williams Shelley J. , Baynosa Richard C. 
Published: August 2016

Background:
Our previous study demonstrated that lidocaine has a negative impact on adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) survival. Currently for large-volume liposuction, patients often undergo general anesthesia; therefore, lidocaine subcutaneous anesthesia is nonessential. We hypothesized that removing lidocaine from tumescent might improve stromal vascular fraction (SVF) and ASC survival from the standard tumescent with lidocaine. Ropivacaine is also a commonly used local anesthetic. The effect of ropivacaine on ASC survival was examined.

Methods:
Adults who underwent liposuction on bilateral body areas were included (n = 10). Under general anesthesia, liposuction on 1 area was conducted under standard tumescent with lidocaine. On the contralateral side, liposuction was conducted under the modified tumescent without lidocaine. Five milliliters of lipoaspirate were processed for the isolation of SVF. The adherent ASCs were counted after 24 hours of SVF culture. Apoptosis and necrosis of SVF cells were examined by Annexin/propidium iodide staining and analyzed by flow cytometry.

Results:
Average percentage of live SVF cells was 68.0% ± 4.0% (28.5% ± 3.8% of apoptosis and 3.4% ± 1.0% of necrosis) in lidocaine group compared with 86.7% ± 3.7% (11.5% ± 3.1% of apoptosis and 1.8% ± 0.7% of necrosis) in no-lidocaine group (P = 0.002). Average number of viable ASC was also significantly lower (367,000 ± 107) in lidocaine group compared with that (500,000 ± 152) in no-lidocaine group (P = 0.04). No significant difference was found between lidocaine and ropivacaine on ASC cytotoxicity.

Conclusions:
Removing lidocaine from tumescent significantly reduced SVF and ASC apoptosis in the lipoaspirate. We recommend tumescent liposuction without lidocaine, particularly if patient’s lipoaspirate will be used for fat grafting.
FULL-THICKNESS MACULAR HOLE COMBINED WITH PIGMENT EPITHELIAL DETACHMENT USING MULTIMODAL IMAGING
Authors: Inoue Maiko , Tan Anna , Slakter Jason S. , Chang Stanley , Kadonosono Kazuaki , Yannuzzi Lawrence A. 
Published: August 2016

Purpose:
To describe two patients who showed full-thickness macular holes (FTMH) combined with pigment epithelial detachments (PED) and had contrasting outcomes to treatment.

Methods:
A retrospective report of two cases.

Results:
Case 1 was treated with intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor and photodynamic therapy, and the PED flattened. Subsequently, a vitrectomy was performed and the FTMH closed. Her visual acuity improved from 20/200 to 20/25. In Case 2, the same medical therapy, with less frequency compared with Case 1, did not affect the PED, and the FTMH failed to close with surgery. Later, a spontaneous collapse of the PED occurred but the FTMH was persistent with an associated poor visual acuity of 20/200.

Conclusion:
Full-thickness macular hole is rare, but can occur in association with large PEDs. Although the pathologic mechanism was uncertain, visual outcomes were dependent on response to treatments of the PED, as well as anatomical closure of the FTMH.
Ethnicity and Deprivation are Associated With Blindness Among Adults With Primary Glaucoma in Nigeria: Results From the Nigeria National Blindness and Visual Impairment Survey
Authors: Kyari Fatima , Wormald Richard , Murthy Gudlavalleti V.S. , Evans Jennifer R. , Gilbert Clare E. 
Published: August 2016

Purpose:
We explored the risk factors for glaucoma blindness among adults aged 40 years and above with primary glaucoma in Nigeria.

Participants and Methods:
A total of 13,591 participants aged 40 years and above were examined in the Nigeria Blindness Survey; 682 (5.02%; 95 CI, 4.60%-5.47%) had glaucoma by ISGEO’s criteria. This was a case-control study (n=890 eyes of 629 persons): glaucoma blind persons were cases and glaucoma not-blind were controls. Education and occupation were used to determine socioeconomic status scores, which were divided into 3 tertiles (affluent, medium, deprived). We assessed sociodemographic, biophysical, and ocular factors by logistic regression analysis for association with glaucoma blindness. Multinomial regression analysis was also performed with nonglaucoma as the reference category.

Results:
A total of 119/629 (18.9%; 95% CI, 15.9%-22.4%) persons were blind in both eyes; 510 were controls. There was interethnic variation in odds of blindness; age, male sex, socioeconomic status, prior diagnosis of glaucoma, hypertension, intraocular pressure, and lens opacity were associated with glaucoma blindness. Axial length, mean ocular perfusion pressure, and angle-closure glaucoma were associated with blind glaucoma eyes. In multivariate analysis, Igbo ethnicity (OR=2.79; 95% CI, 1.03-7.57) had higher risk as was being male (OR=4.59; 95% CI, 1.73-12.16) and unmarried (OR=2.50; 95% CI, 1.03-6.07). Deprivation (OR=3.57; 95% CI, 1.46-8.72), prior glaucoma diagnosis (OR=5.89; 95% CI, 1.79-19.40), and intraocular pressure (OR=1.07; 95% CI, 1.04-1.09) were also independent risk factors for glaucoma blindness.

Conclusion:
Approximately 1 in 5 people with primary glaucoma were blind. Male sex, ethnicity and deprivation were strongly associated with blindness. Services for glaucoma need to improve in Nigeria, focusing on poor communities and men.
Long-term Outcomes of a Modified Technique Using the Baerveldt Glaucoma Implant for the Treatment of Refractory Glaucoma
Authors: Marchini Giorgio , Ceruti Piero , Vizzari Gabriele , Toscani Marco , Amantea Camilla , Tosi Roberto , Marchetti Pierpaolo 
Published: August 2016

Purpose of the Study:
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the long-term effectiveness and safety profile of Baerveldt glaucoma implant (BGI) in patients with refractory glaucoma operated using a modified technique to avoid postoperative complications.

Patients and Methods:
A total of 160 eyes from 147 glaucomatous patients were enrolled in a consecutive interventional noncomparative case series. All the patients were treated with a 350-mm2 BGI using a modified technique. Intraocular pressure (IOP), the number of medications, the complications, and the postoperative interventions were reported preoperatively and during the follow-up. Postoperative IOP and the rate of complications were the primary outcome measures. The complete and qualified surgical success was the second endpoint.

Results:
BGI obtained a mean IOP reduction from 31.8±6.4 mm Hg (baseline) to 14.4±3.5 mm Hg after a mean follow-up period of 38.4±9.6 months. The mean number of medications reduced between preoperative (n=3.17±1.03) and postoperative period (n=0.58±0.83) (P<0.0001). Cumulative probability of maintaining an IOP between 5 and 21 mm Hg and/or a 25% or greater reduction in IOP was 78.7% at 1 year and 72.1% at 4 years, including 39 eyes (24.4%) in which postoperative interventions were required (qualified success). If we exclude those eyes from the analysis, the probability of complete success was 93.4% at 1 year and 91.4% at 4 years in 75.4% of the eyes.

Conclusions:
This modified technique achieved a high percentage of surgical success during the whole follow-up time and was effective in preventing the most serious immediate complications of nonvalved tube shunts.
Combined Approach to Phacoemulsification and Trabeculectomy Results in Less Ideal Refractive Outcomes Compared With the Sequential Approach
Authors: Ong Charles , Nongpiur Monisha , Peter Luke , Perera Shamira A. 
Published: August 2016

Purpose:
To compare the refractive outcomes of combined versus sequential trabeculectomy and then phacoemulsification.

Methods:
We compared eyes that underwent uncomplicated combined phacotrabeculectomy (combined group, 87 eyes), phacoemulsification at least 3 months after trabeculectomy (sequential group, 56 eyes), and phacoemulsification only (control group, 78 eyes) between January 1, 2006 and January 1, 2014. The main outcome measure was refractive prediction error (RPE)—defined as postoperative subjective spherical equivalent refraction minus predicted spherical equivalent refraction.

Results:
The study population was predominantly Chinese and the mean age at their cataract surgery was 67.2±9.59 years. Compared with controls, RPE (−0.40±0.70 vs. −0.01±0.50, P<0.001) and mean absolute error (0.62±0.50 vs. 0.39±0.31, P=0.003) were greater for the combined group but not for the sequential group. Proportionately fewer patients in the combined group achieved final subjective refraction within ±0.5D (27.6% vs. 46.2%, P=0.01) compared with controls. Within the sequential group, there were no differences in RPE when the fellow eye axial length was used to predict refractive outcome (P=0.17) or between the group with precataract surgery IOPs of ≤11 mm Hg (−0.28±0.82) and the group with >11 mm Hg (−0.28±0.53, P=0.99). For the sequential group, the use of contact A scan yielded less RPE compared with IOLMaster (P=0.01).

Conclusions:
Combined approach to trabeculectomy and phacoemulsification resulted in greater myopic RPEs that were expectedly greater than those found in the phacoemulsification group.
Primary Nonendoscopic Endonasal Versus Delayed External Dacryocystorhinostomy in Acute Dacryocystitis
Authors: Jain Saurabh , Ganguly Anasua , Singh Swati , Mohapatra Samir , Tripathy Devjyoti , Rath Suryasnata 
Published: August 2016

Purpose:
Conventional treatment for acute dacryocystitis consists of medical management followed by elective delayed external dacryocystorhinostomy (EXT-DCR). The purpose of this study was to compare the outcome after primary nonendoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (NEN-DCR) versus conventional treatment in acute dacryocystitis.

Methods:
Retrospective chart analysis of all consecutive patients of acute dacryocystitis presenting between 2011 and 2015 was performed. Group A had patients who underwent primary NEN-DCR within 2 weeks of presentation. Group B comprised age- and gender-matched patients who received conventional treatment.

Results:
Forty-six patients were included with 23 patients in each group. Mean age (45.2 ± 14.7 vs. 47.5 ± 14 years) and gender distribution (women 17/23 in group A vs. 15/23 in group B) in both groups were comparable. Mean duration from presentation to surgery was 7.82 ± 4.65 days for group A versus 27.3 ± 12 days for group B (p = 0.00001, independent T test). Mean time for complete resolution of symptoms was 21.4 ± 6 days for group A versus 38.69 ± 15.8 for group B (p = 0.000014, independent T test). Mitomycin-C usage (0.04%; 17 vs. 14) and mean follow up of both groups (6.4 vs. 5.7 months) were comparable. While functional success was similar (20/23) in both, anatomical success was seen in 22/23 and 21/23 in groups A and B, respectively. Complications included disfiguring scar in 4, recurrent acute dacryocystitis in 3, and punctal ectropion in one patient in the EXT-DCR group.

Conclusions:
Primary NEN-DCR leads to faster resolution facilitating earlier rehabilitation with comparable anatomical and functional outcomes compared with conventional delayed EXT-DCR in acute dacryocystitis.
Discriminative ability of reflex receptive fields to distinguish patients with acute and chronic low back pain
Authors: Müller Monika , Biurrun Manresa José A. , Treichel Fabienne , Agten Christoph A. , Heini Paul , Andersen Ole K. , Curatolo Michele , Jüni Peter 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Low back pain has a life time prevalence of 70% to 85%. Approximately 10% to 20% of all patients experience recurrent episodes or develop chronic low back pain. Sociodemographic, clinical, and psychological characteristics explain the transition from acute to chronic low back pain only to a limited extent. Altered central pain processing may be a contributing mechanism. The measurement of reflex receptive fields (RRF) is a novel method to assess altered central pain processing. The RRF area denotes the area of the foot sole from which spinal nociceptive reflexes can be elicited. It was shown to be enlarged in patients with acute and chronic low back pain compared with pain-free individuals. The aim of the study was to explore the discriminative ability of the RRF to distinguish patients with acute and chronic low back pain with the hypothesis that enlarged RRF are associated with chronic low back pain. We included 214 patients with either acute or chronic low back pain and compared RRF between groups in both univariable and multivariable analyses adjusted for different sociodemographic and clinical characteristics possibly associated with the transition to chronic pain. We found a mean difference between patients with acute and chronic low back pain of −0.01 (95% confidence interval [CI], −0.06 to 0.04) in the crude, −0.02 (95% CI, −0.08 to 0.04) in the age and sex adjusted, and −0.02 (95% CI, −0.09 to 0.05) in the fully adjusted model. Our results suggest that the enlargement of RRF area may not be associated with the transition from acute to chronic low back pain.
Life Experiences of Patients With Glaucoma: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Iyigun Emine , Tastan Sevinc , Ayhan Hatice , Coskun Halise , Kose Gulsah , Mumcuoglu Tarkan 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Background:
Studies that describe the experiences of patients with glaucoma from different cultures may help health professionals gain a broader perspective on this issue. Currently, few qualitative studies describe how patients with glaucoma in Turkey cope with daily life.

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of patients with glaucoma.

Method:
This descriptive phenomenological study used purposive sampling to enroll 20 patients with glaucoma. A qualitative, in-depth, face-to-face interview technique was used to collect data during January and February 2014. The data were analyzed using to the Van Kaam method.

Results:
Seven themes were identified, including confirming the diagnosis by acute symptoms or unrelated symptoms, grateful to God for having a non-life-threatening disease, feeling happy after receiving more accurate information, coping with the disease by using eye drops and attending follow-up examinations regularly, managing daily life to avoid further damage to eyesight, emotional reactions related to going blind, and urging family members or friends to attend regular glaucoma checkups.

Conclusions:
Patients with glaucoma experience physiological and psychological problems throughout the course of their disease. Being informed and cultural practices such as “praising God” and “resignation” helped patients cope with the disease. Furthermore, because of the cultural characteristic of social collectivism, participants acted to protect the health of others by informing them about glaucoma.

Implications for Practice:
Understanding the experiences of patients with glaucoma is important for nursing practice. Nurses should be encouraged to take a greater role in the care of patients with glaucoma by becoming the primary source of glaucoma disease, treatment, and care-related information.
Human Papillomavirus Types Involved in External Genital Warts in a Group of Argentinian Women in Buenos Aires
Authors: Fleider Laura Alicia , Tatti Silvio Alejandro , Suzuki Andrea Verónica , Maldonado Verónica Andrea , Díaz Lilí Beatriz , Chiesa Ignacio Javier , Perez María Silvia 
Published: August 2016

Objectives
The aim of the study was to understand which human papillomavirus (HPV) types are involved in external genital warts (GWs) in a group of Argentinian women in Buenos Aires.

Methods
One hundred sixty consecutive women 15 to 45 years old with GWs were enrolled. All patients underwent confirmatory biopsy. In 150 of 160 patients, the diagnosis of GWs was confirmed by histology, DNA-HPV was investigated using polymerase chain reaction, and sequence analysis with generic primers MY09/11 was performed.

Results
HPV 6 and/or 11 was detected in 93.3% patients (140/150). HPV 6 was by far the most common type (80%), followed by HPV 11 (12.7%). Coinfection with these 2 types occurred in 0.7%. HPV 16 was found in 2% and HPV 73 in 0.7%.

Conclusion
HPV 6 and/or 11 are present in 93.3% (95% confidence interval, 0.9-1.0) of external genital warts in a group of Argentinian women in Buenos Aires and, therefore, could be prevented with HPV vaccine (NCT 015998779).
Assessment of the adequacy of oxygen delivery
Authors: Mayer Katherine , Trzeciak Stephen , Puri Nitin K. 
Published: August 2016

Purpose of review
This article reviews the recent literature pertaining to assessment of the adequacy of oxygen delivery in critically ill patients with circulatory shock.

Recent findings
The assessment of the adequacy of oxygen delivery has traditionally involved measurement of lactate, central (or mixed) venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2), and global hemodynamic markers such as mean arterial pressure and cardiac index. The search for noninvasive, reliable, and sensitive methods to detect derangements in oxygen delivery and utilization continues. Recent studies focus on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to assess regional tissue oxygenation, as well as bedside ultrasound techniques to assess the macrovascular hemodynamic factors in oxygen delivery.

Summary
In this article, we review physiologic principles of global oxygen delivery, and discuss the bedside approach to assessing the adequacy of oxygen delivery in critically ill patients. Although there have been technological advances in the assessment of oxygen delivery, we revisit and emphasize the importance of a ‘tried and true’ method – the physical examination. Also potentially important in the evaluation of oxygen delivery is the utilization of biomarkers (e.g., lactate, ScvO2, NIRS). In complementary fashion, bedside ultrasound for hemodynamic assessment may augment the physical examination and biomarkers, and represents a potentially important adjunct for assessing the adequacy of oxygen delivery.