bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient‐Residual Net—A Hybrid Neural Network for Automated Brain Tumor Detection
Authors: Sachdeva Jainy , Sharma Deepanshu , Ahuja Chirag Kamal , Singh Arnavdeep 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTA multiscale feature fusion of Efficient‐Residual Net is proposed for classifying tumors on brain Magnetic resonance images with solid or cystic masses, inadequate borders, unpredictable cystic and necrotic regions, and variable heterogeneity. Therefore, in this research, Efficient‐Residual Net is proposed by efficaciously amalgamating features of two Deep Convolution Neural Networks—ResNet50 and EffficientNetB0. The skip connections in ResNet50 have reduced the chances of vanishing gradient and overfitting problems considerably thus learning of a higher number of features from input MR images. In addition, EffficientNetB0 uses a compound scaling coefficient for uniformly scaling the dimensions of the network such as depth, width, and resolution. The hybrid model has improved classification results on brain tumors with similar morphology and is tested on three internet repository datasets, namely, Kaggle, BraTS 2018, BraTS 2021, and real‐time dataset from Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh. It is observed that the proposed system delivers an overall accuracy of 96.40%, 97.59%, 97.75%, and 97.99% on the four datasets, respectively. The proposed hybrid methodology has given assuring results of 98%–99% of other statistical such parameters as precision, negatively predicted values, and F1 score. The cloud‐based web page is also created using the Django framework in Python programming language for accurate prediction and classification of different types of brain tumors.
Dermo‐Optimizer: Skin Lesion Classification Using Information‐Theoretic Deep Feature Fusion and Entropy‐Controlled Binary Bat Optimization
Authors: Akram Tallha , Alsuhaibani Anas , Khan Muhammad Attique , Khan Sajid Ullah , Naqvi Syed Rameez , Bilal Mohsin 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIncreases in the prevalence of melanoma, the most lethal form of skin cancer, have been observed over the last few decades. However, the likelihood of a longer life span for individuals is considerably improved with early detection of this malignant illness. Even though the field of computer vision has attained a certain level of success, there is still a degree of ambiguity that represents an unresolved research challenge. In the initial phase of this study, the primary objective is to improve the information derived from input features by combining multiple deep models with the proposed Information‐theoretic feature fusion method. Subsequently, in the second phase, the study aims to decrease the redundant and noisy information through down‐sampling using the proposed entropy‐controlled binary bat selection algorithm. The proposed methodology effectively maintains the integrity of the original feature space, resulting in the creation of highly distinctive feature information. In order to obtain the desired set of features, three contemporary deep models are employed via transfer learning: Inception‐Resnet V2, DenseNet‐201, and Nasnet Mobile. By combining feature fusion and selection techniques, we may effectively fuse a significant amount of information into the feature vector and subsequently remove any redundant feature information. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is supported by an evaluation conducted on three well‐known dermoscopic datasets, specifically , ISIC‐2016, and ISIC‐2017. In order to validate the proposed approach, several performance indicators are taken into account, such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, false negative rate (FNR), false positive rate (FPR), and F1‐score. The accuracies obtained for all datasets utilizing the proposed methodology are 99.05%, 96.26%, and 95.71%, respectively.
SSANet—Novel Residual Network for Computer‐Aided Diagnosis of Pulmonary Nodules in Chest Computed Tomography
Authors: Gu Yu , Liu Jiaqi , Yang Lidong , Zhang Baohua , Wang Jing , Lu Xiaoqi , Li Jianjun , Liu Xin , Yu Dahua , Zhao Ying , Tang Siyuan , He Qun 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe manifestations of early lung cancer in medical imaging often appear as pulmonary nodules, which can be classified as benign or malignant. In recent years, there has been a gradual application of deep learning‐based computer‐aided diagnosis technology to assist in the diagnosis of lung nodules. This study introduces a novel three‐dimensional (3D) residual network called SSANet, which integrates split‐based convolution, shuffle attention, and a novel activation function. The aim is to enhance the accuracy of distinguishing between benign and malignant lung nodules using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and alleviate the burden on doctors when interpreting the images. To fully extract pulmonary nodule information from chest CT images, the original residual network is expanded into a 3D CNN structure. Additionally, a 3D split‐based convolutional operation (SPConv) is designed and integrated into the feature extraction module to reduce redundancy in feature maps and improve network inference speed. In the SSABlock part of the proposed network, ACON (Activated or Not) function is also introduced. The proposed SSANet also incorporates an attention module to capture critical characteristics of lung nodules. During the training process, the PolyLoss function is utilized. Once SSANet generates the diagnosis result, a heatmap displays using Score‐CAM is employed to evaluate whether the network accurately identifies the location of lung nodules. In the final test set, the proposed network achieves an accuracy of 89.13%, an F1‐score of 84.85%, and a G‐mean of 86.20%. These metrics represent improvements of 5.43%, 5.98%, and 4.09%, respectively, compared with the original base network. The experimental results align with those of previous studies on pulmonary nodule diagnosis networks, confirming the reliability and clinical applicability of the diagnostic outcomes.
scRNA‐seq reveals NAMPT‐mediated macrophage polarization shapes smooth muscle cell plasticity in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Wen Zuoshi , Jiang Liujun , Yu Fangcong , Xu Xiaodong , Chen Mengjia , Li Chenxi , Ying Zhangquan , Xue Jianing , Zhu Pengwei , Muhetarijiang Mairedan , Xu Qingbo , Li Zhoubin , Chen Ting 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPhenotypic switching of smooth muscle cells (SMC) is a crucial process in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, we performed single‐cell RNA sequencing on pulmonary arteries obtained from lung transplantation to explore the cellular heterogeneity and gene expression profile of the main cell types. We identified three distinct SMC phenotypes, namely contractile, fibroblast‐like, and chondroid‐like, and observed an enhanced transition from contractile to fibroblast‐like phenotype in PAH by pseudo‐time analysis and in vitro. We also revealed a classically activated (M1) polarization of macrophages and an increased pro‐inflammatory macrophage‐SMC crosstalk in PAH via intercellular communication. Notably, Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) emerges as a key player in macrophage polarization. The macrophages overexpress Nampt in Sugen/hypoxia (Su/Hx) ‐induced PAH mice and significantly downregulate the pro‐inflammation secretion pattern with Nampt interference. In a cellular coculture system, Nampt knockdown in macrophages significantly inhibits the fibroblast‐like phenotypic switching of SMCs. Finally, we identified Ccl2/5 as a key cytokine for SMC phenotypic modulation. Collectively, these findings provide a cell atlas of normal human pulmonary arteries and demonstrate that NAMPT‐driven M1 macrophage polarization promotes the fibroblast‐like phenotypic switching of SMCs through CCR2/CCR5 cellular crosstalk in PAH.
Beta‐caryophyllene attenuates experimental hepatocellular carcinoma through downregulation of oxidative stress and inflammation
Authors: Ahmad Zaved , Jain Subodh Kumar , Mishra Siddhartha Kumar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is caused by various factors including toxic substances and xenobiotics. Numerous treatment strategies are used to address toxicity to the liver and HCC, yet their adverse effects are drawbacks. This study aimed to assess the effect of DEN/CCl4 on morphological changes in the liver, body weight, tumor incidence, and hematological tumor incidence, hematological parameters, hepatic markers, and histopathological analysis in mice following a preventive measure by using β‐caryophyllene (BCP). Adult Balb/c mice were administered a single dose of DEN 1‐mg/kg body weight and 0.2‐mL CCl4/kg body weight intraperitoneal twice a week (i.p.) for 22 weeks. BCP was treated in one group of mice at 30‐mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneal, for 7 weeks. BCP alone was treated in one group of mice at 300‐mg/kg body weight intraperitoneal for 22 weeks. DEN/CCl4 caused a reduction in mice's body weight, which was significantly attenuated by BCP administration. BCP supplementation attenuated the tumor incidence DEN/CCl4 (100%) to about 25%. DEN/CCl4 caused alterations in the hematological parameters, serum total protein albumin globulin, A/G ratio, liver function markers (AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, ACP, and bilirubin), and lipid profile markers that were significantly reinstated by BCP administration. Oxidative stress markers (MDA, SOD, CAT, NO, LDH, and GST) were reduced by DEN/CCl4, which were significantly increased in BCP‐treated groups. The liver histopathology alterations caused by DEN/CCl4 were amended considerably by BCP treatment. Immunohistochemical studies suggest that AFP, caspase‐3, and COX‐2 were chronically overexpressed in DEN/CCl4‐exposed mice, notably attenuated by BCP administration. BCP suppressed tumor incidence by downregulating inflammation and inducing caspase‐3‐mediated apoptosis. Conclusively, BCP appears to be a potent natural supplement capable of repressing liver inflammation and carcinoma through the mitigation of oxidative stress and inflammation pathways.
New insight on etiology: A chorionic bump with partial mole pregnancy case report from Syria
Authors: Hamed Ahed , Alhouri Rami , Allahham Nour , Attallah Rafaeel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis case report presents the association of a chorionic bump with a partial mole pregnancy in a 37‐year‐old G3P2 woman. The differential diagnosis of a partial mole was considered after transvaginal ultrasonography revealed a chorionic bump. Subsequent pathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis. While the etiology of the chorionic bump remains dubious, we hypothesize an alternative explanation for chorionic bump formation based on the presence of three unique pathological features: necrosis, edema, and hemorrhage.
Ultrasonographic evaluation of fetal posterior fossa anomalies: Six years experience of a tertiary center
Authors: Taşdemir Ümit , Eyisoy Ömer Gökhan , Karaman Ali , Demirci Oya 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study is to reveal ultrasonographic features, associated anomalies and genetic errors in posterior fossa anomalies. As secondary aim postnatal outcomes of the cases were reviewed.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective case series from 2018 to 2024 involving fetuses with posterior fossa anomalies (PFA). Terminated cases confirmed by radiologic and postmortem pathologic findings and cases confirmed by postnatal clinical findings were included in the study.ResultsA total of 138 cases were included. In 81 (59%) cases there were multipl anomalies including cranial anomalies other than posterior fossa in 31 (22%) and non‐central nerve system anomalies in 69 (50%) cases. Of the 94 cases born, 28 (20%) died within a median of 2 months, within 1.5 years at the latest. Of the 66 (48%) cases still living, 30 (22%) have neurodevelopmental delay in Denver II Turkish standardized test.ConclusionsIt is crucial to have accurate and standardized prenatal classification and a multidisciplinary approach in fetuses with PFA. Specific ultrasonographic findings may be diagnostic especially where fetal MRI is not always available. We offer “arrow sign” to be tested whether it is accurate to diagnose Joubert syndrome by ultrasonography.
Lack of effect of a parent‐delivered early language intervention: Evidence from a randomised controlled trial completed during COVID‐19
Authors: Burgoyne Kelly , Hargreaves Stephanie , Akhter Nasima , Cramman Helen , Eerola Paivi , Einbeck Jochen , Menzies Vic 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundParents play a key role in their child's early development but evidence that parental engagement strategies are effective is unclear. The current study evaluated a parent‐delivered early language teaching programme that aimed to support children's early language and literacy skills.MethodsA multisite, pupil‐level randomised controlled trial was conducted with 450 3–4‐year‐old children and their families, recruited from 47 nurseries across Greater Manchester and Lancashire (UK). Families were randomly allocated to either the programme group (N = 225) who delivered an early language teaching programme for 20‐min a day, 5 days a week, for 30‐weeks or to a control group (N = 225) who received a box of children's books at the end of nursery. A language latent variable formed the primary outcome, which was used to assess whether the programme improved children's language and literacy skills.ResultsCOVID‐19 disrupted the trial, including delivery of the intervention and post‐test data collection. Data from assessments completed 10‐months after intervention showed no evidence that the children receiving language intervention had greater language skills than the control group. Similarly, no group differences were found on measures of the Home Learning Environment or school readiness.ConclusionsWhilst disruptions caused by COVID‐19 are likely to have impacted on the findings, this study nonetheless adds to the literature which suggests that parent‐delivered interventions alone may not necessarily lead to changes in home learning or to gains in children's language skills.
The effect of ankle‐foot orthoses on gait characteristics in people with Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kim Andrew , Frecklington Mike , Philps Adam , Stewart Sarah 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionAnkle‐foot orthoses (AFOs) are commonly prescribed for people with Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease (CMT) to improve gait efficiency and reduce the occurrence of tripping and falls. The aim of this study was to systematically review evidence on the effects of AFOs on gait kinematics and kinetics and postural stability/balance in people with CMT.MethodsStudies were identified from electronic databases and screened for inclusion online using Rayyan. Data from all eligible studies were extracted into a standardised Excel spreadsheet. Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklists. Where available, continuous outcomes were pooled to estimate standardised mean differences in random‐effects meta‐analyses.ResultsA total of 15 studies were included with variable methodological quality. Sample sizes ranged from 1 to 32 with significant variability in participant characteristics, AFO designs and testing procedures. Data from eight studies were available for meta‐analysis. Although AFOs impacted walking velocity, stride length, step length, cadence, ankle dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, knee and hip flexion and ankle plantarflexion and dorsiflexion moments, the effect sizes were small‐to‐moderate and non‐significant. There were insufficient data available for pooled analyses of outcomes related to postural stability/balance.ConclusionAlthough AFOs positively affect a number of gait and balance parameters, the small participant numbers, variability in participant characteristics, AFO designs and testing procedures adopted by the available studies resulted in the absence of statistically significant effects when data were pooled. The results from this review also highlight the importance of device customisation based on the individual needs of people with CMT and their degree of gait impairment.
Five decades of neoliberal developmentalism in “Least Developed Countries”: A decolonial critique
Authors: Regmi Kapil Dev 
Published: September 2024

Abstract“Least Developed Countries” (LDCs) were identified by the United Nations (UN) in 1971 to consolidate international support measures to address development challenges related to poverty, health and education. Using neoliberal developmentalism and decolonisation as a theoretical framework, this paper analyses key policy documents produced by the UN from 1971 to 2021 to investigate the support measures taken by the UN and other international organizations for addressing development challenges faced by LDCs. A major finding of the paper is that while some attempts were made for integrating LDCs into global trade and economy, international organisations could not translate their policy rhetoric into reality; therefore, LDCs have fallen behind in several developmental sectors such as economy, education and health. As the COVID‐19 pandemic ravaged the world, the historical problems and challenges faced by LDCs worsened. In the context of post‐2030 discussions on setting the next round of Sustainable Development Goals, the findings are significant for devising more effective social policies for LDCs.
Activity‐Dependent Synaptic Plasticity in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex of Male Rats Underlies Resilience‐Related Behaviors to Social Adversity
Authors: Montes‐Rodríguez Corinne J. , Hernández‐Reyes Erika D. , Piña‐Díaz Vanessa , Muñoz‐Torres Zeidy , Pérez‐Zarazúa Itzel , Urteaga‐Urías Emiliano , Prospéro‐García Oscar 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIndividuals considered resilient can overcome adversity, achieving normal physical and psychological development, while those deemed vulnerable may not. Adversity promotes structural and functional alterations in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus. Moreover, activity‐dependent synaptic plasticity is intricately linked to neuronal shaping resulting from experiences. We hypothesize that this plasticity plays a crucial role in resilience processes. However, there is a notable absence of studies investigating this plasticity and behavioral changes following social adversity at different life stages. Consequently, we evaluated the impact of social adversity during early postnatal development (maternal separation [MS]), adulthood (social defeat [SD]), and a combined exposure (MS + SD) on behavioral outcomes (anxiety, motivation, anhedonia, and social interaction). We also examined cFos expression induced by social interaction in mPFC and hippocampus of adult male rats. Behavioral analyses revealed that SD‐induced anhedonia, whereas MS + SD increased social interaction and mitigated SD‐induced anhedonia. cFos evaluation showed that social interaction heightened plasticity in the prelimbic (PrL) and infralimbic (IL) cortices, dentate gyrus (DG), CA3, and CA1. Social interaction‐associated plasticity was compromised in IL and PrL cortices of the MS and SD groups. Interestingly, social interaction‐induced plasticity was restored in the MS + SD group. Furthermore, plasticity was impaired in DG by all social stressors, and in CA3 was impaired by SD. Our findings suggest in male rats (i) two adverse social experiences during development foster resilience; (ii) activity‐dependent plasticity in the mPFC is a foundation for resilience to social adversity; (iii) plasticity in DG is highly susceptible to social adversity.
Spatiotemporal changes in tourism climate comfort in Sichuan Province from 1961 to 2022
Authors: Wang Hongguo , Liu Guohua , Wu Fangying , Chen Ziyu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBased on the daily temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, sunshine hours and precipitation in Sichuan Province from 1961 to 2022, the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of tourism climate comfort in Sichuan Province were analysed using the temperature–humidity index (THI), precipitation index (P), sunshine duration index (SSD), wind chill index (WCI) and tourism climate index (TCI). The results show that the average annual TCI in Sichuan Province over the past 62 years is “acceptable” or above and shows a significant increasing trend at a rate of 0.018 per decade. On average, the best travel comfort period in Sichuan Province is from March to May and from October to November. The TCI increased significantly in cold seasons such as February and November with rates of 0.064 and 0.053 per decade, respectively. The increase in TCI is mainly controlled by the increase in THI and WCI, both of which are related to the increase in temperature, with a greater effect in cold seasons and at higher elevations. Most of China's 5A‐level tourist attractions in Sichuan Province (14 of 17) have an annual TCI of “acceptable” or better. Similarly, the top 3 months for climate comfort at these attractions tend to be March to May and October, with ratings reaching “good” or even “very good.” For the other three destinations, all characterized by glaciers and mountains, the top 3 months for climate comfort are concentrated in the warm months. The overall tourism climate comfort of Sichuan Province is increasing, and the climate is changing in a positive way for the tourism industry.
Identification of volatile differential markers in strong‐aroma Baijiu based on gas chromatography–electronic nose combined with gas chromatography–time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Aliya  , Cao Yufa , Zhang Danni , Liu Shi , Jiang Shui , Liu Yuan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDBaijiu is a traditional Chinese liquor produced from grains through fermentation, distillation, aging and blending. The flavor of Baijiu is influenced by factors such as raw materials, starter, processes and the environment, and since the relationship between these factors and the flavor of Baijiu is still being analyzed, the identification of different Baijiu is still somewhat difficult. In this paper, the volatile differential markers of 42 types of strong‐aroma Baijiu of different origin, alcohol content and grade were explored.RESULTSA total of 24 volatile substances were detected by gas chromatography–electronic nose (GC‐E‐Nose) and 99 volatile substances were detected by gas chromatography–time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (GC‐TOF MS). The peak areas of the substances obtained by GC‐E‐Nose were analyzed by the partial least squares (PLS) method, and the substances with variable importance in projection (VIP) >1 were screened out. Combined with the qualitative results of GC‐TOF MS, four substances (isobutyric acid, 2‐butanone, 2,3‐butanediol and 3‐methylbutyric acid) were selected as volatile differential markers for strong‐aroma Baijiu. An external standard curve was established to accurately quantify these four substances, and the Kruskal–Wallis test confirmed that the absolute contents of these four substances varied significantly among different samples (P < 0.01). Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis based on the absolute content of these four substances showed that different samples were prioritized for different alcohol contents.CONCLUSIONThese four substances can be used as volatile differential markers of strong‐aroma Baijiu samples. This research provides theoretical support for the detection and improvement of Baijiu product quality. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.