bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D mitigates the adverse effects of obesity on breast cancer in mice
Authors: Swami Srilatha , Krishnan Aruna V , Williams Jasmaine , Aggarwal Abhishek , Albertelli Megan A , Horst Ronald L , Feldman Brian J , Feldman David 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObesity is an established risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer (BCa), insulin resistance, and vitamin D deficiency, and all contribute to increased synthesis of mammary estrogens, the drivers of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) BCa growth. As both dietary vitamin D and calcitriol treatments inhibit breast estrogen synthesis and signaling, we hypothesized that vitamin D would be especially beneficial in mitigating the adverse effects of obesity on ER+BCa. To assess whether obesity exerted adverse effects on BCa growth and whether vitamin D compounds could reduce these unfavorable effects, we employed a diet-induced obesity (DIO) model in ovariectomized C57BL/6 mice. Breast tumor cells originally from syngeneicMmtv-Wnt1transgenic mice were then implanted into the mammary fat pads of lean and obese mice. DIO accelerated the initiation and progression of the mammary tumors. Treatments with either calcitriol or dietary vitamin D reduced the adverse effects of obesity causing a delay in tumor appearance and inhibiting continued tumor growth. Beneficial actions of treatments with vitamin D or calcitriol on BCa and surrounding adipose tissue included repressedEsr1, aromatase, andCox2expression; decreased tumor-derived estrogen and PGE2; reduced expression of leptin receptors; and increased adiponectin receptors. We demonstrate that vitamin D treatments decreased insulin resistance, reduced leptin, and increased adiponectin signaling and also regulated the LKB1/AMPK pathway contributing to an overall decrease in local estrogen synthesis in the obese mice. We conclude that calcitriol and dietary vitamin D, acting by multiple interrelated pathways, mitigate obesity-enhanced BCa growth in a postmenopausal setting.
Collective Fluctuations in the Dynamics of Adaptation and Other Traveling Waves
Authors: Hallatschek Oskar , Geyrhofer Lukas 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe dynamics of adaptation are difficult to predict because it is highly stochastic even in large populations. The uncertainty emerges from random genetic drift arising in a vanguard of particularly fit individuals of the population. Several approaches have been developed to analyze the crucial role of genetic drift on the expected dynamics of adaptation, including the mean fitness of the entire population, or the fate of newly arising beneficial deleterious mutations. However, little is known about how genetic drift causes fluctuations to emerge on the population level, where it becomes palpable as variations in the adaptation speed and the fitness distribution. Yet these phenomena control the decay of genetic diversity and variability in evolution experiments and are key to a truly predictive understanding of evolutionary processes. Here, we show that correlations induced by these emergent fluctuations can be computed at any arbitrary order by a suitable choice of a dynamical constraint. The resulting linear equations exhibit fluctuation-induced terms that amplify short-distance correlations and suppress long-distance ones. These terms, which are in general not small, control the decay of genetic diversity and, for wave-tip dominated (“pulled”) waves, lead to anticorrelations between the tip of the wave and the lagging bulk of the population. While it is natural to consider the process of adaptation as a branching random walk in fitness space subject to a constraint (due to finite resources), we show that other traveling wave phenomena in ecology and evolution likewise fall into this class of constrained branching random walks. Our methods, therefore, provide a systematic approach toward analyzing fluctuations in a wide range of population biological processes, such as adaptation, genetic meltdown, species invasions, or epidemics.
Segregation of Naturally Occurring Mitochondrial DNA Variants in a Mini-Pig Model
Authors: Cagnone Gael , Tsai Te-Sha , Srirattana Kanokwan , Rossello Fernando , Powell David R , Rohrer Gary , Cree Lynsey , Trounce Ian A , St. John Justin C 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The maternally inherited mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) is present in multimeric form within cells and harbors sequence variants (heteroplasmy). While a single mtDNA variant at high load can cause disease, naturally occurring variants likely persist at low levels across generations of healthy populations. To determine how naturally occurring variants are segregated and transmitted, we generated a mini-pig model, which originates from the same maternal ancestor. Following next-generation sequencing, we identified a series of low-level mtDNA variants in blood samples from the female founder and her daughters. Four variants, ranging from 3% to 20%, were selected for validation by high-resolution melting analysis in 12 tissues from 31 animals across three generations. All four variants were maintained in the offspring, but variant load fluctuated significantly across the generations in several tissues, with sex-specific differences in heart and liver. Moreover, variant load was persistently reduced in high-respiratory organs (heart, brain, diaphragm, and muscle), which correlated significantly with higher mtDNA copy number. However, oocytes showed increased heterogeneity in variant load, which correlated with increased mtDNA copy number during in vitro maturation. Altogether, these outcomes show that naturally occurring mtDNA variants segregate and are maintained in a tissue-specific manner across generations. This segregation likely involves the maintenance of selective mtDNA variants during organogenesis, which can be differentially regulated in oocytes and preimplantation embryos during maturation.
Timing of Puberty in Overweight Versus Obese Boys
Authors: Lee Joyce M. , Wasserman Richard , Kaciroti Niko , Gebremariam Achamyeleh , Steffes Jennifer , Dowshen Steven , Harris Donna , Serwint Janet , Abney Dianna , Smitherman Lynn , Reiter Edward , Herman-Giddens Marcia E. 
Published: January 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Studies of the relationship of weight status with timing of puberty in boys have been mixed. This study examined whether overweight and obesity are associated with differences in the timing of puberty in US boys.

METHODS:
We reanalyzed recent community-based pubertal data from the American Academy of Pediatrics’ Pediatric Research in Office Settings study in which trained clinicians assessed boys 6 to 16 years for height, weight, Tanner stages, testicular volume (TV), and other pubertal variables. We classified children based on BMI as normal weight, overweight, or obese and compared median age at a given Tanner stage or greater by weight class using probit and ordinal probit models and a Bayesian approach.

RESULTS:
Half of boys (49.9%, n = 1931) were white, 25.8% (n = 1000) were African American, and 24.3% (n = 941) were Hispanic. For genital development in white and African American boys across a variety of Tanner stages, we found earlier puberty in overweight compared with normal weight boys, and later puberty in obese compared with overweight, but no significant differences for Hispanics. For TV (≥3 mL or ≥4 mL), our findings support earlier puberty for overweight compared with normal weight white boys.

CONCLUSIONS:
In a large, racially diverse, community-based sample of US boys, we found evidence of earlier puberty for overweight compared with normal or obese, and later puberty for obese boys compared with normal and overweight boys. Additional studies are needed to understand the possible relationships among race/ethnicity, gender, BMI, and the timing of pubertal development.
A Novel Work Flow of Density-Log Normalization for Coalbed-Methane Wells: An Example From the Surat Basin in Australia
Authors: Ren Bin , Zhang Ming , Cui Zehong , Li Chunlei , Xia Zhaohui , Gan Thomas , Lau Hon Chung 
Published: January 2016

SummaryIn coalbed-methane (CBM) projects, conventional logs, such as density were used heavily for coal identification, coal-property derivation, and also potentially for coal ranking. This paper presents a novel work flow of density-log normalization for CBM wells. It addresses two major challenges to current normalization methods: absence of a pervasive reference layer and removal of geological effects after normalization.To overcome these disadvantages, the proposed work flow undertakes six steps, which are data quality control (QC), geological-area segmentation, subarea type-well selection, density-control points, variable linear transformation and normalized-log result QC with box plots, matrix crossplots, and several histograms. This work flow removes the systematic errors caused by acquiring logs at different times with different logging instruments provided by different vendors. Furthermore, it possesses the advantages of the automated QC work flow, type-well control, and reference-layer methods without incurring their respective disadvantages. It was applied successfully to approximately 600 wells covering a large area in the Surat basin of Australia.Proper log normalization will reduce the uncertainties involved in 3D geological modeling and will increase the accuracy of reservoir evaluation. This paper should therefore be of interest to petrophysicists and geologists involved in CBM-field characterization.
ULTRA-HIGH ENERGY NEUTRINOS FROM GAMMA-RAY BURST AFTERGLOWS USING THE SWIFT-UVOT DATA
Authors: Nir Guy , Guetta Dafne , Landsman Hagar , Behar Ehud 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
We consider a sample of 107 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) for which early ultra-violet emission was measured by Swift and extrapolate the photon intensity to lower energies. Protons accelerated in the GRB jet may interact with such photons to produce charged pions and subsequently ultra high energy neutrinos

eV. We use simple energy conversion efficiency arguments to predict the maximal neutrino flux expected from each GRB. We estimate the neutrino detection rate at large area radio based neutrino detectors and conclude that the early afterglow neutrino emission is too weak to be detected even by next generation neutrino observatories.
ON THE PROGENITORS OF LOCAL GROUP NOVAE. II. THE RED GIANT NOVA RATE OF M31
Authors: Williams S. C. , Darnley M. J. , Bode M. F. , Shafter A. W. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
In our preceding paper, Liverpool Telescope data of M31 novae in eruption were used to facilitate a search for their progenitor systems within archival Hubble Space Telescope data, with the aim of detecting systems with red giant secondaries (RG-novae) or luminous accretion disks. From an input catalog of 38 spectroscopically confirmed novae with archival quiescent observations, likely progenitors were recovered for 11 systems. Here we present the results of the subsequent statistical analysis of the original survey, including possible biases associated with the survey and the M31 nova population in general. As part of this analysis, we examine the distribution of optical decline times (t
2) of M31 novae, how the likely bulge and disk nova distributions compare, and how the M31 t
2 distribution compares to that of the Milky Way. Using a detailed Monte Carlo simulation, we determine that

of all M31 nova eruptions can be attributed to RG-nova systems, and at the 99% confidence level,

of all M31 novae are RG-novae. This is the first estimate of a RG-nova rate of an entire galaxy. Our results also imply that RG-novae in M31 are more likely to be associated with the M31 disk population than the bulge; indeed, the results are consistent with all RG-novae residing in the disk. If this result is confirmed in other galaxies, it suggests that any Type Ia supernovae that originate from RG-nova systems are more likely to be associated with younger populations and may be rare in old stellar populations, such as early-type galaxies.
CONCURRENT FORMATION OF CARBON AND SILICATE DUST IN NOVA V1280 SCO
Authors: Sakon Itsuki , Sako Shigeyuki , Onaka Takashi , Nozawa Takaya , Kimura Yuki , Fujiyoshi Takuya , Shimonishi Takashi , Usui Fumihiko , Takahashi Hidenori , Ohsawa Ryou , Arai Akira , Uemura Makoto , Nagayama Takahiro , Koo Bon-Chul , Kozasa Takashi 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
We present infrared multi-epoch observations of the dust-forming nova V1280 Sco over ∼2000 days from the outburst. The temporal evolution of the infrared spectral energy distributions at 1272, 1616, and 1947 days can be explained by the emissions produced by amorphous carbon dust of mass (6.6–8.7) × 10−8
M
⊙ with a representative grain size of 0.01 μm and astronomical silicate dust of mass (3.4–4.3) × 10−7
M
⊙ with a representative grain size of 0.3–0.5 μm. Both of these dust species travel farther away from the white dwarf without apparent mass evolution throughout those later epochs. The dust formation scenario around V1280 Sco suggested from our analyses is that the amorphous carbon dust is formed in the nova ejecta followed by the formation of silicate dust either in the expanding nova ejecta or as a result of the interaction between the nova wind and the circumstellar medium.
MULTI-WAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS OF GRB 111228A AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE FIREBALL AND ITS ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Xin Li-Ping , Wang Yuan-Zhu , Lin Ting-Ting , Liang En-Wei , Lü Hou-Jun , Zhong Shu-Qing , Urata Yuji , Zhao Xiao-Hong , Wu Chao , Wei Jian-Yan , Huang Kui-Yun , Qiu Yu-Lei , Deng Jin-Song 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
Observations of very early multi-wavelength afterglows are critical to reveal the properties of the radiating fireball and its environment as well as the central engine of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). We report our optical observations of GRB 111228A from 95 s to about 50 hr after the burst trigger and investigate its properties of the prompt gamma-rays and the ambient medium using our data and the data from the Swift and Fermi missions. Our joint optical and X-ray spectral fits to the afterglow data show that the ambient medium features a low dust-to-gas ratio. Incorporating the energy injection effect, our best fit to the afterglow light curves with the standard afterglow model via the Markov Chain Monte Carlo technique shows that

,

,

cm−3. The low medium density likely implies that the afterglow jet may be in a halo or in a hot ISM. A chromatic shallow decay segment observed in the optical and X-ray bands is well explained with the long-lasting energy injection from the central engine, which would be a magnetar with a period of about 1.92 ms inferred from the data. The E

p
of its time-integrated prompt gamma-ray spectrum is ∼26 KeV. Using the initial Lorentz factor (

) derived from our afterglow model fit, it is found that GRB 111228A satisfies the

relation and bridges the typical GRBs and low luminosity GRBs in this relation.
ON THE ROBUSTNESS OF THE PENDULUM MODEL FOR LARGE-AMPLITUDE LONGITUDINAL OSCILLATIONS IN PROMINENCES
Authors: Luna M. , Terradas J. , Khomenko E. , Collados M. , Vicente A. de 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
Large-amplitude longitudinal oscillations (LALOs) in prominences are spectacular manifestations of solar activity. In such events nearby energetic disturbances induce periodic motions on filaments with displacements comparable to the size of the filaments themselves and with velocities larger than 20

. The pendulum model, in which the gravity projected along a rigid magnetic field is the restoring force, was proposed to explain these events. However, it can be objected that in a realistic situation where the magnetic field reacts to the mass motion of the heavy prominence, the simplified pendulum model could be no longer valid. We have performed nonlinear time-dependent numerical simulations of LALOs considering a dipped magnetic field line structure. In this work we demonstrate that for even relatively weak magnetic fields the pendulum model works very well. We therefore validate the pendulum model and show its robustness, with important implications for prominence seismology purposes. With this model it is possible to infer the geometry of the dipped field lines that support the prominence.
DISCOVERY OF A DAMPED Lyα ABSORBER AT z = 3.3 ALONG A GALAXY SIGHT-LINE IN THE SSA22 FIELD
Authors: Mawatari K. , Inoue A. K. , Kousai K. , Hayashino T. , Cooke R. , Prochaska J. X. , Yamada T. , Matsuda Y. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
Using galaxies as background light sources to map the Lyα absorption lines is a novel approach to study Damped Lyα Absorbers (DLAs). We report the discovery of an intervening z = 3.335 ± 0.007 DLA along a galaxy sight-line identified among 80 Lyman Break Galaxy (LBG) spectra obtained with our Very Large Telescope/Visible Multi-Object Spectrograph survey in the SSA22 field. The measured DLA neutral hydrogen (H i) column density is log(N
H i
/cm−2) = 21.68 ± 0.17. The DLA covering fraction over the extended background LBG is >70% (2σ), yielding a conservative constraint on the DLA area of ≳1 kpc2. Our search for a counterpart galaxy hosting this DLA concludes that there is no counterpart galaxy with star formation rate larger than a few M
⊙ yr−1, ruling out an unobscured violent star formation in the DLA gas cloud. We also rule out the possibility that the host galaxy of the DLA is a passive galaxy with M
* ≳ 5 × 1010
M
⊙ or a heavily dust-obscured galaxy with E(B − V) ≳ 2. The DLA may coincide with a large-scale overdensity of the spectroscopic LBGs. The occurrence rate of the DLA is compatible with that of DLAs found in QSO sight-lines.
THE IN SITU FORMATION OF GIANT PLANETS AT SHORT ORBITAL PERIODS
Authors: Boley A. C. , Contreras A. P. Granados , Gladman B. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
We propose that two of the most surprising results so far among exoplanet discoveries are related: the existences of both hot Jupiters and the high frequency of multi-planet systems with periods P ≲ 200 days. In this paradigm, the vast majority of stars rapidly form along with multiple close-in planets in the mass range of Mars to super-Earths/mini-Neptunes. Such systems of tightly packed inner planets are metastable, with the time scale of the dynamical instability having a major influence on final planet types. In most cases, the planets consolidate into a system of fewer, more massive planets, but long after the circumstellar gas disk has dissipated. This can yield planets with masses above the traditional critical core of ∼10 M
⊕, yielding short-period giants that lack abundant gas. A rich variety of physical states are also possible given the range of collisional outcomes and formation time of the close-in planets. However, when dynamical consolidation occurs before gas dispersal, a critical core can form that then grows via gas capture into a short-period gas giant. In this picture the majority of Hot and Warm Jupiters formed locally, rather than migrating down from larger distances.
REVISITING THE SCATTERING GREENHOUSE EFFECT OF CO2 ICE CLOUDS
Authors: Kitzmann D. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
Carbon dioxide ice clouds are thought to play an important role for cold terrestrial planets with thick CO2 dominated atmospheres. Various previous studies showed that a scattering greenhouse effect by carbon dioxide ice clouds could result in a massive warming of the planetary surface. However, all of these studies only employed simplified two-stream radiative transfer schemes to describe the anisotropic scattering. Using accurate radiative transfer models with a general discrete ordinate method, this study revisits this important effect and shows that the positive climatic impact of carbon dioxide clouds was strongly overestimated in the past. The revised scattering greenhouse effect can have important implications for the early Mars, but also for planets like the early Earth or the position of the outer boundary of the habitable zone.
Renal Collecting System Anatomy in Living Kidney Donors by Computed Tomographic Urography: Protocol Accuracy Compared to Intravenous Pyelographic and Surgical Findings
Authors: Tarzamni Mohammad Kazem , Nezami Nariman , Zomorrodi Afshar , Fathi-Noroozlou Samad , Piri Reza , Naghavi-Behzad Mohammad , Mojadidi Mohammad Khalid , Bijan Bijan 
Published: January 2016

Objectives:
To evaluate the accuracy of triple-bolus computed tomography urography (CTU) as a surrogate of intravenous pyelography (IVP) for determining the anatomy of the urinary collecting system in living kidney donors.

Materials and Methods:
In an analytic descriptive cross-sectional study, 36 healthy kidney donors were recruited during 12 months. Preoperative IVP and CTU were utilized to evaluate kidneys’ anatomy; major and minor calyces and variation were used as anatomical indices to compare the accuracy of CTU and IVP; the images were then compared to surgical findings.

Results:
Thirty-six kidney donors (92% male; mean age: 28 ± 6 years) were enrolled in this study. The kappa coefficient value was significant and almost perfect for the CTU and IVP findings in detecting the pattern of calyces (kappa coefficient 0.92, asymptotic 95% confidence interval 0.86–0.97). Anatomic variations or anomalies of the urinary collecting system included the bifid pelvis (5.6%), duplication (8.3%), and extra-renal pelvis (2.8%). Both the sensitivity and specificity of CTU in the detection of the anatomy and variations were 100%; the sensitivity and specificity of IVP were 83.3% and 100%, respectively.

Conclusions:
The triple-bolus preoperative CTU can be considered an alternative to IVP for assessing the anatomy of the urinary collecting system.
Glanzmann thrombasthenia and its perioperative management in head trauma: A rare and challenging situation
Authors: Kumar Neeraj , Khan Abdul , Kumar Nilesh , Bindra Ashish , Mahajan Charu , Goyal Keshav 
Published: January 2016

AbstractGlanzmann thrombasthenia is a rare inherited coagulation disorder, manifesting itself in early childhood as bleeding episodes. The patients with this disease may present with uncontrollable bleeding following trauma. We report a patient of Glanzmann syndrome with head injury, who presented to us following fall from stairs. Platelet transfusion is the mainstay of treatment in emergency situations. As patients generally have a history of platelet transfusion they may be refractory to the same. Leuko reduced or human leukocyte antigen matched platelets should be used. Recombinant factor VIIa can be used to control bleeding in refractory cases and in patients with antibodies against platelets. Anti-fibrinolytics can also be used as adjuvants. There is need of advanced perioperative coagulation screening spot tests in emergency trauma settings as routine coagulation tests may not be able to pick up the abnormality. Thromboelastography/thromboelastometry can be a great tool for perioperative management of such coagulation disorders.
Papaverine is a confounding factor in neurological assessment after cerebral aneurysm clipping: Report of three cases and review of the literature
Authors: Sheshadri Veena , Surve Rohini , Chandramouli B. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIntracisternal papaverine instillation is being used across many centers after cerebral aneurysm clipping to prevent and treat cerebral vasospasm. Pupillary dilatation secondary to papaverine can interfere with the neurological assessment postoperatively. This report describes pupillary changes in three patients following the papaverine application after craniotomy and aneurysm clipping, with one patient developing contralateral pupillary dilatation and the other two having bilateral pupillary dilatation. The pupillary changes resolved over 30 min to 4 h postoperatively. We conclude that pupillary changes following papaverine instillation could be a transient phenomenon and should not be considered ominous in absence of new onset neurological deficits. Intraoperative somatosensory evoked potential monitoring also helped in postoperative decision making in all our cases.