bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delusional Infestation in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Davis Jennie L. , Kurek Julie A. , Sethi Kapil D. , Morgan John C. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDelusional infestation (DI), a form of psychosis, has rarely been reported in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). The clinical presentation and successful treatment of DI is illustrated through 5 cases. Each patient developed DI during treatment for moderate to advanced Parkinson's disease, and only 2 had cognitive impairment. Two patients were on monotherapy: 1 on a dopamine agonist and the other on trihexyphenidyl. Three patients were receiving complex combination therapy with 2 to 5 different anti‐Parkinsonian medications at the onset of their delusion. Selective discontinuation or reduction of these medications was key to the resolution of DI in each patient. Although the medication adjustments differed, the changes resulted in the reduction of anticholinergic effects or extracellular striatal dopamine levels. This series emphasizes the clinical features and management strategies for this disruptive form of psychosis in patients with PD.
Atropinic (Anticholinergic) Burden in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: De Germay Sibylle , Montastruc Jean‐Louis , Rousseau Vanessa , Chebane Leila , Bondon‐Guitton Emmanuelle , Moulis Florence , Durrieu Genevieve , Bagheri Haleh , Rascol Olivier , Pariente Antoine , Bégaud Bernard , Montastruc François 
Published: March 2016

AbstractUse of atropinic drugs remains controversial in Parkinson's disease (PD) because there is insufficient evidence about their efficacy and they can induce serious adverse drug reactions. Atropinic risk scales were developed to help to identify atropinic drugs in prescription forms and to evaluate their burden in clinical practice. In the present review, we discuss the few studies investigating atropinic burden in PD and present the results of our study indicating that atropinic drugs are still widely prescribed in PD (almost 3 of 5 prescriptions) with a clinically significant atropinic burden in around 1 of 6 PD patients. Drugs mainly responsible for high values of atropinic burden were those used for nonmotor symptoms. Clinically significant atropinic burdens were mainly induced by associations of several “low‐risk” drugs. Physicians must be aware that in addition to classical atropinic antiparkinsonian drugs, many others (psychotropics) can contribute to increased atropinic burden in PD patients. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Isolation of lactobacillus reuteri from Peyer's patches and their effects on sIgA production and gut microbiota diversity
Authors: Wang Panpan , Li Ya , Xiao Hang , Shi Yonghui , Le Guo‐wei , Sun Jin 
Published: March 2016

ScopeWe previously reported that specific Lactobacillus reuteri colonized within mouse Peyer's patches (PP) effectively prevented high fat diet induced obesity and low‐grade chronic inflammation. We further investigated the role of PP Lactobacillus reuteri on sIgA production in rats in this study.Methods and resultsLactobacilli were isolated from rat PP. All isolates were L. reuteri and belonged to three phenotypes according to amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis. Typical strains of two main clusters, PP1 and PP2, were used to treat control and vitamin A deficient (VAD) rats, respectively. The feeding of PP1 and PP2 affected sIgA and Lactobacillus diversity by strain‐specific manner. Free sIgA was significantly increased by PP1 (p = 0.069) and PP2 (p < 0.05) in the control rats but not in the VAD rats. Only PP1 significantly changed PP Lactobacillus diversity in the control rats (p < 0.05). However, PP2 specifically changed ileal Lactobacillus diversity in both control and VAD rats. Fecal sIgA was correlated with PP Lactobacillus diversity (R2 = 0.7958, p = 0.011).ConclusionModulation of sIgA production by PP L. reuteri of rat is dependent on vitamin A and change of Lactobacillus diversity in PP.
Zinc delays the progression of obesity‐related glomerulopathy in mice via down‐regulating P38 MAPK‐mediated inflammation
Authors: Luo Manyu , Luo Ping , Zhang Zhiguo , Payne Kristen , Watson Sara , Wu Hao , Tan Yi , Ding Yushuang , Sun Weixia , Yin Xinmin , Zhang Xiang , Liu Gilbert , Wintergerst Kupper , Miao Lining , Cai Lu 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveObesity, particularly child obesity, is one of the most common public health problems in the world and raises the risk of end‐stage renal disease. Zinc (Zn) is essential for multiple organs in terms of normal structure and function; however, effects of Zn deficiency or supplementation among young individuals with obesity have not been well studied.MethodsWeaned mice were fed high‐fat diets (HFD) with varied contents of Zn (Zn deficient, adequate, and supplemented) for 3 or 6 months. This study examined associations between renal pathogenesis and dietary Zn levels, specifically assessing inflammatory pathways by utilizing P38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580.ResultsHFD feeding induced typical syndromes of obesity‐related renal disorders, which worsened by Zn marginal deficiency. The progression of obesity‐related renal disorders was delayed by Zn supplementation. HFD induced renal inflammation, reflected by increased P38 MAPK phosphorylation along with increases of inflammatory cytokines MCP‐1, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α. P38 MAPK inhibition prevented renal pathological changes in mice fed with HFD and HFD/Zn deficiency.ConclusionsP38 MAPK mediated the renal inflammatory responses, which played a central role in the pathogenesis of HFD‐induced renal disorders. Zn could delay the progression of obesity‐related kidney disease by down‐regulating P38 MAPK‐mediated inflammation.
MicroRNA‐29b promotes the adipogenic differentiation of human adipose tissue‐derived stromal cells
Authors: Zhang Xi‐Mei , Wang Li‐Hong , Su Dong‐Ju , Zhu Dan , Li Qiu‐Ming , Chi Mei‐Hua 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveObesity is primarily characterized by the accumulation of large amounts of fat in adipose tissue. Within the adipose tissue, adipocytes are derived from adipose tissue‐derived stromal cells (ADSCs) via a specialized cell lineage differentiation process, and ADSCs play a key role in the generation and metabolism of adipose tissue. This study investigated whether microRNAs (miRNAs) play a role in adipocyte differentiation.MethodsUsing luciferase reporter and ChIP assays, the relationship between miR‐29b, SP1, and TNF‐α was examined.ResultsDuring the normal adipogenic differentiation of ADSCs, up‐regulation of miR‐29b promoted adipogenesis by enhancing SP1‐mediated inhibition of TNF‐α.ConclusionsThis study investigated the regulatory role of miR‐29b during the adipogenic differentiation of ADSCs and found that miR‐29b is an effective positive regulator of adipogenesis.
Diblock copolymers of polystyrene‐b‐poly(1,3‐cyclohexadiene) exhibiting unique three‐phase microdomain morphologies
Authors: Misichronis Konstantinos , Chen Jihua , Kahk Jong K. , Imel Adam , Dadmun Mark , Hong Kunlun , Hadjichristidis Nikos , Mays Jimmy W. , Avgeropoulos Apostolos 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThe synthesis and molecular characterization of a series of conformationally asymmetric polystyrene‐block‐poly(1,3‐cyclohexadiene) (PS‐b‐PCHD) diblock copolymers (PCHD: ∼90% 1,4 and ∼10% 1,2), by sequential anionic copolymerization high vacuum techniques, is reported. A wide range of volume fractions (0.27 ≤ ϕPS ≤ 0.91) was studied by transmission electron microscopy and small‐angle X‐ray scattering in order to explore in detail the microphase separation behavior of these flexible/semiflexible diblock copolymers. Unusual morphologies, consisting of PCHD core(PCHD‐1,4)–shell(PCHD‐1,2) cylinders in PS matrix and three‐phase (PS, PCHD‐1,4, PCHD‐1,2) four‐layer lamellae, were observed suggesting that the chain stiffness of the PCHD block and the strong dependence of the interaction parameter χ on the PCHD microstructures are important factors for the formation of this unusual microphase separation behavior in PS‐b‐PCHD diblock copolymers. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 1564–1572
Addressing biodiversity impacts of land use in life cycle assessment of forest biomass harvesting
Authors: Gaudreault Caroline , Wigley T. Bently , Margni Manuele , Verschuyl Jake , Vice Kirsten , Titus Brian 
Published: March 2016

Forests are an increasingly important source of feedstock for bioenergy as global efforts to mitigate atmospheric CO2
concentrations increase. In keeping with the principles of sustainable forest management, it is important that feedstock procurement not have negative impacts on the environment, including biodiversity. Impacts of land use, including forest management, can be evaluated along all stages in the production of these goods and services, using life cycle assessment (LCA), which is a potentially powerful tool for organizing and evaluating the impacts of production. There is growing recognition of the need to integrate land‐use impacts into LCA for forest products such as bioenergy, especially on biodiversity. Integrating quantitative indicators of biodiversity into LCAs of biomass production systems is particularly challenging because biodiversity is a multidimensional concept that can never be fully represented by a single number, and yet many proposed approaches rely on this. Reliance on a single metric oversimplifies ‘biodiversity’ and might lead to inappropriate conclusions on local land management practices. LCA is not suited to providing reliable site‐specific assessment of forest product systems in regard to the complexities of biodiversity. Nevertheless, the global and comprehensive nature of LCA makes it a useful tool for preventing a shift in environmental problems or burdens across the value chain because of local land management decisions. In this context, complementary site‐specific and/or regional studies or analyses may help mitigate against inaccurate conclusions being drawn from LCA. WIREs Energy Environ 2016, 5:670–683. doi: 10.1002/wene.211This article is categorized under:

Bioenergy > Climate and Environment
Energy and Development > Climate and Environment
“MOORS KNOW THE LAW”: SOVEREIGN LEGAL DISCOURSE IN MOORISH SCIENCE RELIGIOUS COMMUNITIES AND THE HERMENEUTICS OF SUPERSESSION
Authors: Dew Spencer 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAmong the many individuals and groups espousing affiliation with the Moorish Science Temple of America movement, some continue founding prophet Noble Drew Ali's emphasis on engaging in American citizenship as a religious duty, while others interpret the prophet's scriptures to lend authority to claims of being outside the jurisdiction of American legal authority. Such sovereign Moors, whose actions range from declaration of secession to rejection of drivers or marriage licenses, advance legal discourse rooted in historical narratives, tailor their legal thinking toward practical instruction and efficacious results, and appeal to etymology to further authorize their claims. Such sovereign Moorish legal discourse is best understood, following Catherine Wessinger's work on the Montana Freemen, as “magical,” and understanding the magical role played by legal texts and discourse within these communities can help scholars and legal professionals in their approach to and interactions with sovereign Moors.
Dissolved Inorganic Radiocarbon in the Northwest Pacific Continental Margin
Authors: Ge Tiantian , Wang Xuchen , Zhang Jing , Luo Chunle , Xue Yuejun 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis article presents a modified method for extraction of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) from seawater for radiocarbon measurement by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). Standard tests indicate that the extraction efficiencies of DIC are >96%, and the respective precisions of Δ14C-DIC and δ13C-DIC analyses are 6‰ and 0.1‰ or better. Using the method, we report Δ14C-DIC profiles collected from the shelf and slope in the East China Sea (ECS) of the northwest Pacific Ocean. Both the DIC concentration and Δ14C-DIC in the shelf and slope regions seem primarily affected by the Kuroshio Current. It is estimated that 54–65% of the bottom water in the shelf region could be from the intrusion of Kuroshio intermediate water, which carries a high concentration and low Δ14C values of DIC, and which influenced the DIC and its 14C signature on the shelf. Compared with the Δ14C-DIC profiles at other sites in the northwest Pacific reported previously, it appears that the Δ14C-DIC distributions are mainly controlled by the major oceanic currents in the region, and large variations in Δ14C-DIC occurred mostly in the upper 800 m of the water column. The similarity of Δ14C-DIC at depth suggests that the deep-water circulation patterns have been relatively stable in the northwest Pacific Ocean in the last 20 yr.
LUCIAN ON THE TEMPLE AT HELIOPOLIS
Authors: Kaizer Ted 
Published: March 2016

This paper focusses on two lines in what counts as our best available literary source for the study of religious life in the Roman Near East. In paragraph 5 of Περὶ τῆς Συρίης Θεοῦ (On the Syrian Goddess), a treatise professing to describe the temple and cult at Hierapolis, a place in northern Syria also known by its indigenous names of Manbog or Bambyce, the author writes:ἔχουσι δὲ καὶ ἄλλο Φοίνικες ἱρόν, οὐκ Ἀσσύριον ἀλλ’ Αἰγύπτιον, τὸ ἐξ Ἡλίου πόλιος ἐς τὴν Φοινίκην ἀπίκετο. ἐγὼ μέν μιν οὐκ ὄπωπα, μέγα δὲ καὶ τόδε καὶ ἀρχαῖόν ἐστιν.The Phoenicians have another temple, not Assyrian, but Egyptian, which came to Phoenicia from Heliopolis. I have not seen it, but it too is large and ancient.
Community at the border or the boundaries of community? The case of EU field diplomats
Authors: Hofius Maren 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis article contributes to the communities of practice (CoP) literature by focusing on the neglected role of the boundary in constructing community. It takes issue with advocates of International Relations’ (IR) most recent ‘practice turn’ who have overrated inclusive practices of linking to the detriment of taking account of exclusive practices of demarcation. A conceptual turn to the boundary, understood as a ‘site of difference’, highlights how the two sets of practices operate simultaneously in creating shared senses of belonging to a community. The article empirically probes this turn to the boundary by studying how the postmodern community of the European Union (EU) is (re)constructed by EU diplomats in its neighbouring state Ukraine. As a borderland, it symbolises an interstitial zone of high connectivity where the EU’s otherwise latent order is unearthed. A reconstructive analysis of interviews with members of this ‘community of practice’ reveals that they function as ‘boundary workers’ who engage in both boundary-spanning and boundary-drawing practices on an everyday basis. Zooming in on the ‘boundary work’ by EU diplomats exposes the complex process of community-building and thereby helps grasp community as an emergent structure of possibilities whose meaning is contextually mediated by its members’ social experience of the boundary.
Democratic peace and the norms of the public: a multilevel analysis of the relationship between regime type and citizens’ bellicosity, 1981–2008
Authors: Jakobsen Jo , Jakobsen Tor G. , Ekevold Eirin Rande 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe democratic peace literature has convincingly shown that democracies do not fight other democracies. Theoretical explanations of this empirical phenomenon often claim that the citizenry in democracies prefers peaceful resolution of interstate conflicts. Still, there is a dearth of studies exploring the public’s preferences and values directly. We seek to rectify this by investigating, in a novel way, the relationship between regime type and citizens’ bellicosity. A comprehensive multilevel research design is employed, with data spanning 72 countries over the period of 1981–2008. This enables us to test one of the theoretical mainstays of the democratic peace thesis, viz., that regime type helps shape individuals’ attitudes toward war-fighting. Our results lend special support to normative democratic peace theory: Citizens of democracies are significantly more pacifistic than citizens of non-democracies. This result upholds when we rigorously control for other relevant factors, including specific characteristics of individuals and rival theoretical explanations.
Data mining for building knowledge bases: techniques, architectures and applications
Authors: Krzywicki Alfred , Wobcke Wayne , Bain Michael , Calvo Martinez John , Compton Paul 
Published: March 2016

AbstractData mining techniques for extracting knowledge from text have been applied extensively to applications including question answering, document summarisation, event extraction and trend monitoring. However, current methods have mainly been tested on small-scale customised data sets for specific purposes. The availability of large volumes of data and high-velocity data streams (such as social media feeds) motivates the need to automatically extract knowledge from such data sources and to generalise existing approaches to more practical applications. Recently, several architectures have been proposed for what we callknowledge mining: integrating data mining for knowledge extraction from unstructured text (possibly making use of a knowledge base), and at the same time, consistently incorporating this new information into the knowledge base. After describing a number of existing knowledge mining systems, we review the state-of-the-art literature on both current text mining methods (emphasising stream mining) and techniques for the construction and maintenance of knowledge bases. In particular, we focus on mining entities and relations from unstructured text data sources, entity disambiguation, entity linking and question answering. We conclude by highlighting general trends in knowledge mining research and identifying problems that require further research to enable more extensive use of knowledge bases.
Induced and Permanent Magnetism on the Moon: Structural and Evolutionary Implications
Authors: Sonett C. P. , Dyal P. , Colburn D. S. , Smith B. F. , Schubert G. , Schwartz K. , Mihalov J. D. , Parkin C. W. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIt is shown that the Moon possesses an extraordinary response to induction from the solar wind due to a combination of a high interior electrical conductivity together with a relatively resistive crustal layer into which the solar wind dynamic pressure forces back the induced field. The dark side
response, devoid of solar wind pressure, is approximately that expected for the vacuum case. These data permit an assessment of the interior conductivity and an estimate of the thermal gradient in the crustal region. The discovery of a large permanent magnetic field at the Apollo 12 site corresponds approximately to the paleomagnetic residues discovered in both Apollo 11 and 12 rock samples The implications regarding an early lunar magnetic field are discussed and it is shown that among the various conjectures regarding the early field the most prominent are either an interior dynamo or an early approach to the Earth though no extant model is free of difficulties.
Session I: Origin of the Solar Nebula
Authors: Hoyle F. 
Published: March 2016

Prof. Fred L. Whipple kindly agreed to be the chairman for all three panels, and introduced the next speaker, Prof. F. Hoyle, who spoke on ‘The Solar Nebula’. Hoyle: I would like to begin this contribution by considering the deductions we can make by comparing the gross chemical compositions of the planets with the composition of the Sun. For this purpose I have divided the planets into the three groups shown inThe second line gives the mass fractions in the Sun of the major constituents of the planetary groups, while the fourth line gives the factors by which the present masses must be multiplied to give the amounts of solar material needed to yield the appropriate amounts of main planetary constituents. The interesting points emerge that Jupiter and Saturn require the least amount of solar material, and that Uranus and Neptune on the one hand and the terrestrial planets on the other require approximately equal amounts. The total requirement is for ≈10-2Mʘ This is less by a factor ≈10 than the amount postulated in many theories of the origin of the planetary system. However the amount we have now calculated can readily be seen to be consistent with angular momentum requirements.
Microwave Evidence For Interstellar Molecules
Authors: Townes C. H. 
Published: March 2016

Some time ago, optical astronomy was successful in detecting the first molecular species in interstellar space. However, these have been limited to the three diatomic molecules CH, CH+, and CN. Consideration of this list made it rather natural, after the development of microwave astronomy, for some attention to be given to a search for OH, which has a rather strong microwave transition. This molecule was first detected, after a considerable search, by Weinreb et al.. The analogous Λ-doublet transitions in SH and CH have since been searched for assiduously; failure to detect them does not necessarily mean these radicals are excessively rare in interstellar space, since various unfavorable factors make the search difficult.Any consideration of polyatomic molecules in interstellar space immediately raises the question as to whether and where such molecules are likely to exist. Of course, they can occur in stellar atmospheres, where they have already been found to a limited extent. But in free interstellar space they are less likely to exist because of slow rates of formation and a rather short lifetime, the latter being typically limited to a few hundred years because of dissociation by ultraviolet radiation from stars. In dust clouds, molecules are more protected from ultraviolet radiation and their formation may be aided by catalysis on the dust grain surfaces.
Molecules in Dense Clouds And Protostars
Authors: Mezger P. G. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis paper deals with the interpretation of molecular line emission from class I OH/H2O emission centers associated with compact HII regions and with the OH 18 cm emission from dark clouds in T-Tauri star associations. Observational evidence is presented, that class IOH/H2O emission centers represent a particular stage in the evolution of a massive star (or a group of massive stars) whereas protostars of lower mass apparently do not go through such a stage.It appears that in associations the low-mass stars are formed first and the massive O-stars are formed last. T-Tauri star associations may represent an early evolutionary stage of a star association where low-mass stars are formed. Evidence is presented that the physical conditions in some parts of the Taurus complex of dust clouds and T-Tauri stars are appropriate for the formation of single stars of about a solar mass.
Photochemistry of Atoms and Molecules in the Adsorbed State
Authors: Breuer H. D. , Moesta H. 
Published: March 2016

Assuming interstellar dust particles being composed at least partly of materials with catalytic activity or of refractory metals and being exposed to the radiation field of the Sun or other stars they can favour the formation of molecules as combinations of the most abundant gases H, C, N and O mainly for three reasons:(1) By the adsorption at the surface of dust particles the collision probability for two or more atoms is greatly enhanced with respect to the gas phase.(2) Because of the adsorption bond the excitation and dissociation energies are shifted to lower values.(3) For highly exothermic reactions dust particles can absorb the excess energy and thus lead to the formation of molecules which in the gas phase can be formed only by three body collisions.