bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transition-Metal-Free Catalysis for the Reductive ­Functionalization of CO2 with Amines
Authors: He Liang-Nian , Liu Xiao-Fang , Li Xiao-Ya , Qiao Chang 
Published: February 2018

Reductive functionalization of CO2 with amines and a reductant, which combines both reduction of CO2 and C–N bond formation in one pot to produce versatile chemicals and energy-storage materials such as formamides, aminals, and methylamines that are usually derived from petroleum feedstock, would be appealing and promising. Herein, we give a brief review on recent developments in the titled CO2 chemistry by employing transition-metal-free catalysis, which can be catalogued as below according to the diversified energy content of the products, that is formamides, aminals, and methylamines being consistent with 2-, 4-, and 6-electron reduction of CO2, respectively. Notably, hierarchical reduction of CO2 with amines to afford at least two products, for example, formamides and methylamines, could be realized with the same catalyst through tuning the hydrosilane type, reaction temperature, or CO2 pressure. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of the reductive functionalization of CO2 with amines are also highlighted.1	Introduction2	2-Electron Reduction of CO2 to Formamide3	6-Electron Reduction of CO2 to Methylamine4	4-Electron Reduction of CO2 to Aminal5	Hierarchical Reduction of CO2 with Amines6	Conclusion
Cyclization Reactions for the Synthesis of Phthalans and Isoindolines­
Authors: Aronica Laura , Albano Gianluigi 
Published: February 2018

Oxygen and nitrogen heterocycles are present in a vast number of natural substrates and biologically active molecules. In particular, phthalan and isoindoline subunits are found in many classes of products such as antibiotics, antioxidants, antimycotics, pigments, and fluorophores. Therefore several procedures dedicated to the construction of these heterocycles have been developed. In this review, a detailed analysis of the literature data regarding the synthesis of these nuclei via cyclization reactions is reported.1	Introduction2	Phthalans2.1	Oxa-Pictet–Spengler Reaction2.2	Garratt–Braverman Cyclization2.3	Diels–Alder and Related Reactions2.4	[2+2+2] Cyclotrimerization of Alkynes2.5	Cycloetherification of ortho-Substituted Aromatics2.6	Tandem Carbonylative Sonogashira Coupling–Cyclization Reactions3	Isoindolines3.1	Amination of Dihalides3.2	Intramolecular Hydroamination3.3	Diels–Alder and Related Reactions3.4	[2+2+2] Cycloaddition Reactions3.5	Tandem Carbonylative Sonogashira Coupling–Cyclization Reactions4	Conclusions
Pseudohyperkalemia in a Patient with T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Hyperleukocytosis
Authors: Merritt Madison , Kline Hannah , Seigler Robert , Garimella Sudha 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA 7-year-old girl presented with lymphadenopathy and bruising suggestive of leukemia. Complete blood count was significant for white blood cell count of 479,000/mm3. Basic metabolic panel sent via pneumatic tube system was significant for potassium > 10 mEq/L. The stat venous blood gas potassium level was 4.6 mEq/L. A 12-lead-ECG showed sinus tachycardia without peaked T-waves. It was determined that this was pseudohyperkalemia associated with significant hyperleukocytosis. This brief report discusses rare causes of pseudohyperkalemia that can be overlooked, and details the postulated mechanisms for pseudohyperkalemia in the setting of hyperleukocytosis.
High Dose of A Conjugated Linoleic Acid Mixture Increases Insulin Resistance in Rats Fed Either A Low Fat or A High Fat Diet
Authors: Bezan Priscila , Holland Héric , de Castro Gabriela , Cardoso João , Ovidio Paula , Calder Philip , Jordao Alceu 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObesity and related diseases are becoming more prevalent. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) might be a useful coadjutant treatment helping to decrease fat mass. However, the precise impact of CLA is unclear because the decreased body fat mass is followed by an increase in insulin resistance. This study aimed to evaluate some of the consequences of a high dose of CLA in rats fed a normal low fat or a high fat diet for 30 days. Male Wistar rats were separated into 4 groups (each n = 10): Control group receiving 7% fat (soybean oil); CLA group receiving 4% soybean oil and 3% CLA mixture; animal fat (AF) group, receiving 45% fat (lard); and animal fat plus CLA (AF+CLA) group, receiving 42% lard and 3% CLA mixture. The CLA mixture contained 39.32 mole% c9,t11-CLA and 40.50 mole% t10,c12-CLA. After 30 days, both CLA groups (CLA and AF+CLA groups) developed insulin resistance, with an increase in glucose in the fasting state and in an insulin tolerance test. The CLA group had increased liver weight and percentage of saturated fatty acids in liver and adipose tissue. Feeding the high fat diet resulted in increased hepatic triacylglycerol accumulation and this was exacerbated by dietary CLA. It is concluded that a high dose of CLA mixture increases insulin resistance and exacerbates hepatic steatosis when combined with a high fat diet.
Pathogenese, funktionelle und anatomische Aspekte der weiblichen Belastungsinkontinenz
Authors: Kohler Annette , Kirschner-Hermanns Ruth , Staat Manfred , Brehmer Bernhard 
Published: February 2018

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Artikel fokussiert sich auf die weibliche Belastungsinkontinenz als Insuffizienz der Speicherfunktion der Blase, auch wenn im klinischen Alltag die Harninkontinenz der Frau häufig verschiedene Ursachen hat und insbesondere eine Belastungsinkontinenz im Alter und bei neurologischer Komorbidität nur selten isoliert vorkommt.Das kleine Becken der Frau ist sowohl als Funktions- als auch als strukturelle Einheit zu betrachten. Dabei unterliegen bei der Frau Blase, Harnröhre, Gebärmutter und Enddarm sowie die muskulären und ligamentösen Strukturen des kleinen Beckens durch Fertilitätsphase, mögliche Schwangerschaften, Geburten und Menopausen-Phase, über das „normale Altern“ hinaus, gravierenden Veränderungen.
Histologische Vollremission nach neoadjuvanter Immuntherapie bei einem Patienten mit Lynch-Syndrom und primär inoperablem Rezidiv eines Rektumkarzinoms
Authors: Micheel Anita , Aigner Felix , Henke Oliver 
Published: February 2018

Zusammenfassung
Anamnese Bei dem 43-jährigen männlichen Patienten wurde ein Rektumkarzinom mit zugrundeliegendem Lynch-Syndrom im Stadium cT4N2M0 diagnostiziert. Nach leitliniengerechter neoadjuvanter Radiochemotherapie und Rektumexstirpation entwickelte sich innerhalb weniger Monate ein ausgedehntes lokoregionäres Rezidiv. Es erfolgte eine erneute Polychemotherapie nach dem FOLFOXIRI-Protokoll in Kombination mit Bevacizumab für sechs Zyklen, um erneute Resektabilität zu erreichen. Trotz dieser intensiven Therapie zeigte sich der Befund progredient.
Weiterer Verlauf Angesichts fehlender Fernmetastasierung wurde ein Off-label-Therapieversuch mit dem PD-1-Rezeptor Inhibitor Pembrolizumab begonnen. Klinisch profitierte der Patient rasch, auch die Bildgebung zeigte nach sechs Zyklen eine Regression des Tumors, die Nebenwirkungen der Therapie beschränkten sich auf eine subklinische Autoimmunthyreoiditis. Die histopathologische Aufarbeitung der anschließenden ausgedehnten operativen Beckenexenteration konnte keinen Malignitätsnachweis mehr erbringen. Mittlerweile ist der Patient wieder dienstfähig mit geringer Symptomenlast.
Folgerung Die Therapie mit Pembrolizumab eröffnet für Patienten mit einem DNA-repair-deficiency mismatch, wie z. B. dem Lynch-Syndrom, eine Therapiealternative, wie bereits eine Phase-II-Studie zeigen konnte. Bemerkenswert ist in dem vorliegenden Fall die komplette histopathologische Vollremission, die bislang in der Literatur nicht beschrieben wurde und ein besonderes Augenmerk auf die Verwendung des Antikörpers Pembrolizumab auf den neoadjuvanten Einsatz legt.
Outcomes of anterior myotomy versus posterior myotomy during POEM: a randomized pilot study
Authors: Ramchandani Mohan , Nabi Zaheer , Reddy D. , Talele Rahul , Darisetty Santosh , Kotla Rama , Chavan Radhika , Tandan Manu 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Background and study aims Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) can be performed via an anterior or posterior approach, depending on the operator’s preference. Data are lacking on comparative outcomes of both approaches.
Patients and methods This is a pilot randomized study comparing endoscopic anterior and posterior myotomy during POEM in patients with Achalasia cardia (AC). Patients were randomized into 2 groups (n = 30 in each group); anterior myotomy group (AG) and posterior myotomy group (PG) and were followed at 1, 3 and 6 months after POEM.
Results Technical success was achieved in 100 % of cases in both groups and total operative time was comparable (AG – 65 ± 17.65 minutes versus PG – 61.2 ± 16.67; P = 0.38); Mucosotomies were more frequent in AG (20 % vs 3.3 %; P = 0.02). Difference in other perioperative adverse events (AE) including insufflation-related AE and bleeding in both groups were statistically insignificant. At 1-month follow-up Eckardt score AG 0.57 ± 0.56 vs PG 0.53 ± 0.71; (P = 0.81), mean LES pressure AG 11.93 ± 6.36 vs PG 11.77 ± 6.61; (P = 0.59) and esophageal emptying on timed barium swallow at 5 minutes AG 1.32 ± 1.08 cm vs PG 1.29 ± 0.79 cm; (P = 0.09) were comparable in both groups. At 3 months, Eckardt score (0.52 ± 0.59 vs 0.63 ± 0.62; P = 0.51) was similar in both groups. Incidence of esophagitis on EGD was comparable in both groups (24 % vs 33.3 %; P = 0.45), however, pH metry at 3 months showed significantly more esophageal acid exposure in posterior group (2.98 % ± 4.24 vs 13.99 % ± 14.48; P < 0.01). At 6 months clinical efficacy and LES pressures were comparable in both groups.
Conclusion Anterior and posterior approaches to POEM seem to have equal efficacy. However, the occurrence of mucosotomies was higher in the anterior myotomy group and acid exposure was higher with the posterior myotomy approach during POEM.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy and antegrade clearance of biliary lithiasis in patients with surgically-altered anatomy
Authors: Hosmer Amy , Abdelfatah Mohamed , Law Ryan , Baron Todd 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) in patients with complex surgically-altered anatomy (SAA) is technically demanding and has limitations. Developments in EUS-guided procedures allow alternative approaches for patients with altered gastrointestinal anatomy and biliary lithiasis.
Patients and methods Single-center, retrospective review of prospectively entered patients with SAA who underwent EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy (HGS) followed by an interval antegrade endoscopic clearance of biliary lithiasis.
Results 9 patients with Roux-en-Y anatomy underwent HGS to allow clearance of biliary lithiasis after a mean of 2.5 procedures. Technical success was achieved in 100 % of patients utilizing subsequent antegrade endoscopic techniques after HGS including: balloon sweep (9), transpapillary balloon dilation (8), cholangioscopy with electrohydraulic lithotripsy (4), and mechanical lithotripsy (1). HGS stents were removed in all patients. 1 adverse event (cholangitis) occurred after cholangioscopy and prolonged intraductal electrohydraulic lithotripsy.
Conclusion EUS-guided antegrade therapy for the management of biliary lithiasis in patients with altered gastrointestinal anatomy appears efficacious with a low risk of adverse events. These preliminary results suggest this approach should be considered at centers with available expertise.
Orale Proteinzufuhr an der Dialyse
Authors: Noack Elke , Krüger Eugenia 
Published: February 2018

ZusammenfassungEin erniedrigter Serum-Albumin-Spiegel stellt einen starken Prädiktor für eine erhöhte Mortalität bei
Dialysepatienten dar. In der vorliegenden Studie werden die Auswirkungen einer regelmäßigen oralen Gabe des
eiweißreichen isländischen Milchprodukts Skyr auf den Serum-Albumin-Wert bei 15 Dialysepatienten in den
Dialysepraxen Mühlacker/Vaihingen an der Enz mithilfe eines quantitativen Forschungsmodells untersucht. Zu
Beginn des Projekts wurden Diagnosekriterien der Malnutrition, wie der Serum-Albumin-Wert, der CRP-Wert, das
Gesamteiweiß, der BMI und ein SGA-Assessment angewendet, um eine bestehende C-DRM festzustellen. Über einen
Zeitraum von 8 Wochen erhielten 15 nach festgelegten Kriterien ausgewählte Hämodialysepatienten regelmäßig 150
g Skyr zusätzlich zur gereichten Zwischenmahlzeit an der Dialyse. Laborkontrollen erfolgten vor, während und
am Ende des Projekts. Nach Studienende wurde mittels eines selbst erstellten Fragebogens die Akzeptanz von
Skyr ermittelt. Nach Ablauf der Versuchsdauer konnte bei über 70 % der Patienten eine positive Entwicklung des
Serum-Albumin-Spiegels anhand der Auswertung der erhobenen Daten festgestellt werden. Nach der Auswertung
eines selbst entwickelten Fragebogens gaben 66 % der Teilnehmer eine subjektive Steigerung ihres Wohlbefindens
an und 100 % den Wunsch, weiterhin die Möglichkeit zu haben, Skyr an der Dialyse essen zu können. Die
Untersuchung zeigt, dass Skyr ein mögliches Angebot zur Verbesserung des Ernährungszustandes, gemäß des
Expertenstandards, durch orale Ernährung darstellen kann.
Cochlear implant versus hearing aids
Authors: Gabr Takwa A. , Kotait Mona A. 
Published: February 2018

Patients with severe and profound hearing loss (HL) represent a unique challenge in hearing aids (HAs) fitting for whom cochlear implants (CIs) are better choice.

Objectives:
To assess speech perception in children with severe-to-profound HL who are fitted with power HAs or CIs and compare their results with children with better hearing thresholds who are fitted with HAs.

Methods:
Seventy children were participated in this work divided into four groups according to their hearing thresholds: GI: 18 children with moderate HL fitted with HAs, GII: 16 children with severe HL fitted with HAs, GIII: 16 children with profound HL fitted with HAs and GIV: 20 children with profound HL and fitted with CIs.

Results:
Aided speech audiometry showed better results in GI and GIV while GIII showed the worst results among the four groups. P1–N1 of aided speech-evoked cortical auditory-evoked potentials (S-CAEPs) was recorded in all cases in GI and GIV and their latencies showed no significant difference, while GIII showed significantly delayed latencies. There was a significant negative correlation between P1 and N1 latencies and duration of HAs and CIs use in GII and GIV, respectively. Amplitudes of P1 and N2 showed a significant positive correlation with duration of HAs use in GII and GIII, respectively. GI showed a significant positive correlation between SRTs and P1 latency. GII showed significant negative correlations between SD% and N2 latency, while GIV showed a significant positive correlation between SRTs and P2 latency.

Conclusion:
CIs represent a good choice for children with severe-to-profound and profound HL than power HAs. Children with more severe degrees of HL who do well on speech perception measures tend to have better S-CAEPs results with good correspondence between both measures. S-CAEPs and speech perception tests can be used regularly to assess the efficiency of auditory rehabilitation.
Novel overlapping subgraph clustering for the detection of antigen epitopes
Authors: Zhao Liang , Wu Shaogui , Jiang Jiawen , Li Wencui , Luo Jie , Li Jinyan 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Antigens that contain overlapping epitopes have been occasionally reported. As current algorithms mainly take a one-antigen-one-epitope approach to the prediction of epitopes, they are not capable of detecting these multiple and overlapping epitopes accurately, or even those multiple and separated epitopes existing in some other antigens.

Results
We introduce a novel subgraph clustering algorithm for more accurate detection of epitopes. This algorithm takes graph partitions as seeds, and expands the seeds to merge overlapping subgraphs based on the term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) featured similarity. Then, the merged subgraphs are each classified as an epitope or non-epitope. Tests of our algorithm were conducted on three newly collected datasets of antigens. In the first dataset, each antigen contains only a single epitope; in the second, each antigen contains only multiple and separated epitopes; and in the third, each antigen contains overlapping epitopes. The prediction performance of our algorithm is significantly better than the state-of-art methods. The lifts of the averaged f-scores on top of the best existing methods are 60, 75 and 22% for the single epitope detection, the multiple and separated epitopes detection, and the overlapping epitopes detection, respectively.

Availability and implementation
The source code is available at github.com/lzhlab/glep/.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Homeless in the house of God? An investigation of home and homelessness among undocumented migrants living in a Brussels church
Authors: Damery Shannon 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The church is often considered a haven and a sanctuary. In the case of a group of undocumented and asylum-seeking Afghans in Brussels, a church was literally a place of refuge. This article explores the home-making practices of Afghan immigrants who were given sanctuary in a Brussels church and who made the church their living space. They slept, ate, socialised, and organised political activities in the church, while also appropriating nearby public spaces to serve various functions in their lives. Home is an increasingly important concept in migration studies, and this article explores home-making through an investigation of what may be lacking in the notion of sanctuary. In this article, home is treated as a series of connections, including connections to people, cultures, places and objects. These connections serve as a way to explore whether the Afghans made the church and surrounding urban space into a home or why they remained homeless despite the proffered sanctuary.
A Prospective Observational Study of the Epidemiology, Management, and Outcomes of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections Due to Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Henig Oryan , Cober Eric , Richter Sandra S , Perez Federico , Salata Robert A , Kalayjian Robert C , Watkins Richard R , Marshall Steve , Rudin Susan D , Domitrovic T Nicholas , Hujer Andrea M , Hujer Kristine M , Doi Yohei , Evans Scott , Fowler Vance G , Bonomo Robert A , van Duin David , Kaye Keith S ,   for the Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Background
This study was performed to characterize the epidemiology, management, and outcomes of skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) and colonization due to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE).

Methods
Patients from the Consortium on Resistance Against Carbapenem in Klebsiella and Other Enterobacteriaceae (CRACKLE-1) from December 24, 2011 to October 1, 2014 with wound cultures positive for CRE were included in the study. Predictors of surgical intervention were analyzed. Molecular typing of isolates was performed using repetitive extragenic palindromic polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Carbapenemase genes were detected using PCR.

Results
One hundred forty-two patients were included: 62 had SSTI (44%) and 56% were colonized. Mean age was 61 years, and 48% were male: median Charlson score was 3 (interquartile range, 1–5). Forty-eight percent of patients were admitted from long-term care facilities (LTCFs), and 31% were from the community. Two strain types (ST258A and ST258B) were identified (73% of 45 tested). Carbapenemase genes were detected in 40 of 45 isolates (blaKPC-3 [47%], blaKPC-2 [42%]). Sixty-eight patients (48%) underwent surgical intervention, 63% of whom had SSTI. Patients admitted from LTCFs were less likely to undergo surgical intervention (odds ratio [OR], 0.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.18–0.71). In multivariable analysis, among patients with SSTI, those admitted from LTCFs were less likely to undergo debridement (OR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.04–0.93).

Conclusions
Patients admitted from LTCFs with CRE SSTI were less likely to undergo surgical intervention. Sixteen percent of the patients died, and approximately 50% of survivors required more intensive care upon discharge. These findings suggest a unique, impactful syndrome within the CRE infection spectrum. Further studies are needed to assess the role of surgical debridement in management of CRE-SSTI, particularly among LTCF residents.
Associations Between Antiretroviral Treatment and Avascular Bone Necrosis: The Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Authors: Bayard Cornelia , Ledergerber Bruno , Flepp Markus , Lecompte Thanh , Moulin Estelle , Hoffmann Matthias , Weber Rainer , Staehelin Cornelia , Di Benedetto Caroline , Fux Christoph A , Tarr Philip E , Hasse Barbara ,   the Swiss HIV Cohort Study, Aubert V , Battegay M , Bernasconi E , Böni J , Braun DL , Bucher HC , Calmy A , Cavassini M , Ciuffi A , Dollenmaier G , Egger M , Elzi L , Fehr J , Fellay J , Furrer H , Fux CA , Günthard HF , Haerry D , Hasse B , Hirsch HH , Hoffmann M , Hösli I , Kahlert C , Kaiser L , Keiser O , Klimkait T , Kouyos RD , Kovari H , Ledergerber B , Martinetti G , Martinez de Tejada B , Marzolini C , Metzner KJ , Müller N , Nicca D , Pantaleo G , Paioni P , Rauch A , Rudin C , Scherrer AU , Schmid P , Speck R , Stöckle M , Tarr P , Trkola A , Vernazza P , Wandeler G , Weber R , Yerly S 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundHIV-infected individuals have an increased risk of avascular bone necrosis (AVN). Antiretroviral therapy (ART) and particularly protease inhibitors (PI) have been implicated as a risk factor. We aimed to study the associations of ART with the occurrence of AVN among Swiss HIV Cohort Study participants (SHCS).MethodsWe used incidence density sampling to perform a case control study within the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) comparing prospectively collected AVN cases and controls by conditional logistic regression analysis. To evaluate the effect of ART, multivariable models were adjusted for HIV transmission risk group, age, alcohol consumption, use of corticosteroids, CD4 nadir, maximum viral load, and pancreatitis.ResultsWe compared 74 AVN cases and 145 controls. Associations with AVN were shown for heterosexual HIV acquisition (odds ratio [OR], 3.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–10), alcohol consumption (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.3–5.7), and hyperlipidemia (OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.4–9.6). After adding ART substances to the multivariable base model, there was evidence of an association for treatment with tenofovir (TDF) &gt;1 year (OR, 4.4; 95% CI, 1.4–14) with AVN. Neither exposure to specific frequently prescribed ART combinations or ART drug classes nor cumulative ART exposure showed any associations with AVN.ConclusionsIn the HIV-infected population, a combination of risk factors such as heterosexual HIV acquisition, moderate to severe alcohol intake, and hyperlipidemia seem to contribute to AVN. ART does not seem to be a relevant risk factor for AVN. The association of prolonged TDF exposure with AVN needs to be confirmed.