bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rock-Fluid Interactions in the Duvernay Formation: Measurement of Wettability and Imbibition Oil Recovery
Authors: Begum Momotaj , Reza Yassin Mahmood , Dehghanpour Hassan , Dunn Lindsay 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
In this study, we evaluate the wettability of shale samples drilled in the Duvernay Formation, which is a source-rock reservoir located in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin (WCSB). We use reservoir oil and brine to conduct air-liquid contact angle and air-liquid spontaneous imbibition tests for wettability measurements. We characterize the shale samples by measuring pressure-decay permeability, effective porosity, initial oil and water saturations, mineralogy, total organic carbon (TOC) content, and conducting rock-eval pyrolysis tests. We also conduct Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses on the shale samples to characterize the location and size of pores. After evaluation of wettability, we conduct soaking experiments. First, we measure liquid-liquid contact angles for the droplets of the soaking fluids and reservoir oil equilibrated on surface of the rock samples. Then, we immerse the oil-saturated samples in the soaking fluids with different compositions and physical properties. The we record the oil volume produced due to spontaneous imbibition of the soaking fluids. The soaking fluids are characterized by measuring surface tension, interfacial tension (IFT), viscosity, and pH. We analyze the results of soaking tests and investigate the controlling parameters affecting oil recover factor (RF).
The results of wettability measurements demonstrate that the shale samples have stronger wetting affinity to oil compared with brine. The positive correlations of TOC content with effective porosity and pressure-decay permeability suggest that the majority of connected pores are present within the organic matter. Organic porosity may explain the strong oil-wetness of the shale samples. The SEM/EDS analyses also show the abundance of organic nanopores within organic matter. The results of liquid-liquid contact angle tests show that a reduction in IFT of the soaking fluid leads to an increase in wetting affinity of rock to soaking fluid. The results also show that oil RF is higher for soaking fluids with lower IFT, which can be explained by wettability alteration. The shale samples have higher wetting affinity to soaking fluids with lower IFT, leading to an increase in the driving capillary pressure and, consequently to higher oil recovery by spontaneous imbibition. In addition, comparing the results of air-brine imbibition with soaking tests suggests that adding surfactant to the soaking fluid may alter the wettability of organic pores towards more water-wetness, leading to the displacement of oil from hydrophobic organic pores.
Flexible Cement Slurry Survives Multistage Hydraulic Fracturing Treatment
Authors: Hudson M. D. , Sheperd P. , Ricci J. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Multistage hydraulic fracturingturing treatments in unconventional wells have greatly increased the number and magnitude of stress cycles that must be withstood by primary cement jobs. The stress cycling of hydraulic fracturingturing on Portland Cement, with its intrinsic mechanical properties, may present a risk to long-term well integrity. By modifying the mechanical properties of the set-cement to make it more flexible, the risk of compromising well integrity during hydraulic fracturingturing treatments can be reduced.
The mechanical properties of set-cement designs can be tested in a laboratory setting. This allows quantification of the compressive strength, tensile strength, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio of the set cement. Hydraulic fracturingturing design software can be used to quantify the pressure and temperature cycles to which the inner diameter of the primary casing string will be subjected. A mathematical model is used to predict the potential risk of mechanical failure of the set cement based on the mechanical properties and the pressure and temperature cycles of the expected treatment. The mathematical model identifies risk of failure in tension, compression, and de-bonding.
By adding flexible materials to Portland Cement in a reduced water, tri-modal particle-size-distribution blend, the Young's modulus can be reduced while relatively high compressive and tensile strength is maintained. According to the mathematical model, a cement sheath with these properties is at a low risk of mechanical failure in any of the three failure modes up to a certain hydraulic fracturingturing pressure. Wireline logging tools use ultrasonic waves to measure acoustic impedance and flexural attenuation for cement evaluation. These readings are used to assess the integrity of the cement sheath in a 360° solid/liquid/gas map around the casing. These logging data can be used to determine the presence and extent of damage to the cement sheath during the hydraulic fracturingturing operation.
A hydraulic fracturingturing treatment was applied to a well cemented with optimized flexible and trimodal properties. Cement evaluation logs were run before and after treatment for comparison. The post-fracturingturing log showed no damage to the annular cement sheath.
A Novel Approach to History Matching and Optimization of Shale Completions and EUR - A Case Study of Eagle Ford Well
Authors: Swami Vivek , Settari Antonin , Sahai Raki , Costello Dan , Mercer Ashley 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Many operators have used in the past various methods to analyze and optimize the horizontal well (HW) completions in the Eagle Ford play with varied results. Typically, such methods focus on different parts of this complex problem in relative isolation and as a consequence do not utilize all available data simultaneously. This paper presents a simulation-based method for analyzing the problem in an integrated fashion by modeling the fracturing and Stimulated Reservoir Volume (SRV) creation process, followed by well cleanup and production. Consequently, all available data are used to constrain the history match (HM), resulting in a more reliable tool for optimization.
In this work, the authors developed a comprehensive integrated model of a typical Eagle Ford well in the Dimmit County. The HM process showed that injection and production scenarios must be modeled in tandem to get better insights into the flow physics rather than simulating them separately. The best accuracy is obtained when the real sequence of fracturing is modeled. It was found that only a fraction of the created fracture and SRV lengths contribute to production. Whereas fracture half-lengths of ~250 ft were generated during injection, only about ¼ of fracture and ¾ of SRV contributed. Effect of completion efficiency was also investigated. It was shown that the assumption of only 2 perforation clusters per stage is not plausible while assuming some other scenarios offers good HM and prediction very similar to uniform efficiency.
Optimization work considered several scenarios. Cases with larger cluster/stage spacing with the same pumped volume are not desirable. However, the use of double the cluster spacing gives slightly higher estimated ultimate recovery in 30 years, and could offer significant completion cost savings. Use of current injection volumes and current well spacing (500 ft) leaves significant reservoir volume undrained, which is a target for well spacing optimization. Pressure (as opposed to stress) dependent permeability functions adequately capture the permeability variation both for injection and production.
The work shows how the integrated reservoir/fracturing/geomechanics modeling can be used to optimize completions and EUR for shale wells.
Biomass and Habitat Characteristics of Epiphytic Macroalgae in the Sibuti Mangroves, Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Hasmidah Md Isa  , Abu Hena Mustafa Kamal  , Mohd Hanafi Idris  , Zamri Rosli  , Johan Ismail  
Published: February 2017

Mangroves support diverse macroalgal assemblages as epibionts on their roots and tree trunks. These algae provide nutrients to the primary consumers in the aquatic food web and have been reported to be substantial contributors to marine ecosystems. The species diversity, biomass, and habitat characteristics of mangrove macroalgae were investigated at three stations in the Sibuti mangrove estuary, Sarawak, Malaysia, from November 2012 to October 2013. Three groups of macroalgae were recorded and were found to be growing on mangrove prop roots, namely Rhodophyta (Caloglossa ogasawaraensis, Caloglossa adhaerens, Caloglossa stipitata, Bostrychia anomala, and Hypnea sp.), Chlorophyta (Chaetomorpha minima and Chaetomorpha sp.), and Phaeophyta (Dictyota sp.). The biomass of macroalgae was not influenced (p<0.05) by the season in this mangrove forest habitat. The macroalgal species Hypnea sp. contributed the highest biomass at both Station 1 (210.56 mg/cm2) and Station 2 (141.72 mg/cm2), while the highest biomass was contributed by B. anomala (185.89 mg/cm2) at Station 3. This study shows that the species distribution and assemblages of mangrove macroalgae were influenced by environmental parameters such as water nutrients, dissolved solids, and salinity in the estuarine mangrove habitats of Sibuti, Sarawak.

Bakau menyokong himpunan kepelbagaian “epibiont” macroalgal atas akar dan batang terapung pokok bakau. Makroalga membekalkan nutrien kepada pengguna utama dalam rantaian makanan akuatik dan telah dilaporkan menjadi penyumbang besar kepada ekosistem marin. Kepelbagaian spesies, biomass, dan ciri-ciri habitat makroalga bakau telah dikaji di tiga stesen bakau di muara Sibuti, Sarawak, Malaysia, dari bulan November 2012 hingga Oktober 2013. Tiga kumpulan makroalga direkodkan dan telah didapati tumbuh pada akar terapung pokok bakau, iaitu Rhodophyta (Caloglossa ogasawaraensis, Caloglossa adhaerens, Caloglossa stipitata, Bostrychia anomala, dan Hypnea sp.), Chlorophyta (Chaetomorpha minima dan Chaetomorpha sp.), dan Phaeophyta (Dictyota sp.). Biomass makroalga tidak dipengaruhi (p<0.05) mengikut musim di habitat hutan bakau. Spesies makroalga iaitu Hypnea sp. menyumbang biomass yang paling tinggi di kedua-dua Stesen 1 (210.56 mg/cm2) dan Stesen 2 (141.72 mg/cm2), manakala biomass tertinggi disumbangkan oleh B. anomala (185.89 mg/cm2) di Stesen 3. Kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa taburan dan himpunan spesies daripada makroalga bakau dipengaruhi oleh parameter alam sekitar seperti nutrien dari air, pepejal terlarut, dan kemasinan di habitat muara bakau Sibuti, Sarawak.
PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS SETS SEBAGAI UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KREATIVITAS DALAM PEMECAHAN MASALAH PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN
Authors: Sugiarto Agung , Djukri Djukri 
Published: February 2017

The aim of this study is to reveal the effect of SETS-based teaching as an effort to improve creativity in solving the environmental pollution problem and the effectiveness of teaching based on SETS compare to Problem-Based Learning (PBL). The design of this study was Pretest Posttest Control Group Design. The population was students of SMA N 1 Prambanan, Klaten with the student of class X as a sample. To determine the effect of each study, the data was analyzed using the paired t-test. While to determine the effectiveness of teaching in each class, the data was analyzed using the independent t-test. The result of the study shows that SETS-based teaching and PBL can enhance the creativity of solving problems of environmental pollution and the SETS-based teaching indicated more effective to improve the creativity of the student if compared with the PBL. Key words: SETS, PBL, creativity, environmental
Pengembangan performance assessment untuk mengukur dan memetakan practical skills IPA siswa pada guided-PjBL di SMP
Authors: Pratama Siska , Rosana Dadan 
Published: February 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengetahui karakteristik performance assessment yang valid dan reliabel untuk mengukur practical skills IPA pada guided-PjBL, (2) mendeskripsikan practical skills IPA yang muncul pada guided-PjBL, dan (3) mengetahui peta practical skills IPA siswa SMP menggunakan performance assessment. Penelitian ini merupakan Research & Development dengan menggunakan model 4-D Thiagarajan, et al. (1974). Subjek uji coba adalah siswa kelas VII di SMPN 1 Wonosari, SMPN 4 Playen, dan SMPN 5 Ngawen.Teknik pengambilan data meliputi wawancara, angket, dan nontes. Instrumen pengambilan data meliputi pedoman wawancara, lembar angket, dan lembar observasi. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu performance assessment dalam bentuk lembar observasi dinyatakan valid dan reliabel. Practical skills IPAyang muncul pada guided-PjBL meliputi: merancang proyek; menggunakan termometer dan indikator universal; membaca hasil pengukuran suhu dan pH; membuat tabel; menentukan variabel bebas dan terikat; membuat grafik; mengetahui hubungan antar-variabel; dan membuat kesimpulan. Siswa pada sekolah kategori tinggi memiliki tingkat kemampuan practical skills paling tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan siswa pada sekolah kategori sedang dan rendah. Siswa pada sekolah kategori sedang memiliki tingkat kemampuan practical skills paling rendah.Kata Kunci: performance assessment, lembar observasi, guided-PjBL, practical skills IPA Developing Performance Assessment to Map Science Practical Skills on Guided-PjBL AbstractThis study aims to: (1)find out the characteristic of performance assessment that is valid and reliable to measure science practical skills on guided-PjBL, (2) describe science practical skills that appear on guided-PjBL, and (3) find out the map student’s science practical skills in junior high school to use performance assessment on guided-PjBL. This was a research and development study employing the development model by Thiagarajan et al. (1974).The tryout subjects were junior high school student in SMPN 1 Wonosari, SMPN 4 Playen, and SMPN 5 Ngawen. The data were collected through interviews, questionnaires, and nontests. The data collecting instruments included an interview guided, validation questionnaire sheets, and observation sheets. The result of the study was the product of performance assessment in observation sheet form was valid and reliable. Science practical skills that appear on guided-PjBL. included: designing project; using thermometre and universal indicator; reading temperature and pH measurement; creating table; defining independent-dependent variable; creating graph; find out relation between variable; and drawing conclusion. The students in the school with the high category have the highest science practical skills of the three schools. The students in the school with the low category have higher science practical skills than students in high grade school.Keywords: performance assessment, observation sheet, guided-PjBL, science practical skills
Pengembangan media komik IPA model PBL untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berfikir analitis dan sikap ilmiah
Authors: Lestari Devy Indah , Projosantoso Anti Kolonial 
Published: February 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) karakteristik, (2) kriteria kelayakan, dan (3) keefektifan media komik model PBL pada pembelajaran IPA di SMP kelas VII dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berfikir analitis dan sikap ilmiah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dan pengembangan yang mengadaptasi model Borg & Gall yang terdiri dari lima tahap. Subjek coba pada penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII di SMP Negeri 1 Sentolo. Pengujian lapangan menggunakan kuasi eksperimen nonequivalent control group design. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media pembelajaran IPA berbentuk komik: (1) memiliki karakteristik: alur cerita sesuai sintaks PBL, judul komik merupakan integrasi dari KD 4.3, KD 7.3, dan KD 7.4, cerita dalam komik memuat indicator berfikir analitis, tokoh dalam komik diperankan melalui sikap ingi tahu dan berfikir terbuka, (2) layak digunakan dengan kriteria sangat baik dan (3) efektif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berfikir analitis dan sikap ilmiah siswa.Kata Kunci: media komik, kemampuan berfikir analitis, dan sikap ilmiah Developing Science Comic Media Using the Problem-Based Learning Model to Increase the Analytical Thinking Ability and Scientific Attitude AbstractThis research aims to knows: (1) the characteristic, (2) feasibility, and (3) effectiveness of natural science teaching media in the form of comic using problem-based learning model to increase the analytical thinking ability and scientific attitude of grade VII students of junior high school. This study was research and development adapting the model from Borg & Gall consisting of five steps. The research subjects were grade VII students of SMP N 1 Sentolo. The main try out used quasi-experimental with the nonequivalent control group design. The results of this research show that (1) the characteristic of comic media are: has a stories according the syntax of Problem Based Learning model, integrated title of KD 4.3, KD 7.3, and KD 7.4, the stories in comics load indicator analytical thinking ability, and the characters in the comics through scientific attitude of curiosity and open minded thinking, (2) the developed science teaching media in the form of comic is in a very good quality category, and (3) it is feasable to use to increase the students’ analytical thinking ability and scientific attitude. The effectiveness of the developed media to increase the analytical thinking ability and science attitude.Keywords: comic media, analytical thinking ability, and scientific attitude
Penerapan project based learning terintegrasi STEM untuk meningkatkan literasi sains siswa ditinjau dari gender
Authors: Afriana Jaka , Permanasari Anna , Fitriani Any 
Published: February 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki pengaruh gender siswa terhadap literasi sains melalui pembelajaran project based learning (PjBL) yang diintegrasikan dengan science, technology, engineering, dan mathematics (STEM) pada tema pencemaran udara. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pre-eksperimen dengan desain The static Group Pretest-Posttest Design yang dilaksanakan di kelas VII SMP Islam Terpadu di kabupaten Sukabumi sebanyak 57 siswa yang terdiri dari kelas laki-laki (29 orang) dan kelas perempuan (28 orang). Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan tes awal dan tes akhir untuk literasi sains dan angket siswa terhadap PjBL STEM. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data diperoleh peningkatan literasi sains siswa kelompok laki-laki dan kelompok perempuan sama-sama mengalami peningkatan dengan rerata N_Gain yaitu 0,36 dan 0,31 pada kategori sedang untuk aspek pengetahuan dan kompetensi. Hasil uji-t menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan literasi sains kelas laki-laki dan kelas perempuan berbeda tidak signifikan. Pada aspek sikap sains, kelas perempuan berbeda signifikan dari kelas laki-laki. Tanggapan siswa secara keseluruhan menunjukkan hampir seluruh siswa menyatakan senang dengan pembelajaran PjBL STEM dan memperoleh pengalaman yang sangat berkesan mengikuti tahapan pembelajaran sehingga menimbulkan motivasi dan minat dalam belajar.Kata Kunci: project based learning; STEM; literasi sains; gender Implementation Project-Based Learning Integrated STEM to Improve Scientific Literacy Based on Gender AbstractThis study aims to investigate the influence of gender on the students' science literacy through project based learning (PjBL) integrated science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) approach for students junior high school. The theme used in this project was air pollution. The method used was pre-experimental design the static group pretest-posttest design and was implemented in grade VII of the Integrated Islamic school at Sukabumi. The subjects were 57 students divided into two, male group (N = 29) and female group (N = 28). The data collection was done by pretest and posttest for scientific literacy and students' responses to the PjBL STEM. Based on the result it were obtained that an average N_Gain of male group was 0.36 and was 0.31 for female group with medium category on knowledge and competence. T-test results showed that increasing scientific literacy male group and female of different classes do not signifikan. Attitude aspect of science, female group differ significantly from male group. The student responses showed almost all of the students agreed to the implementation of the PjBL STEM and gain great new experiences that stages of learning that lead to be interested and motivated in learning. Keywords: project-based learning, STEM, scientific literacy, gender
SYNTHESIS AND ANTITUBERCULAR ACTIVITY OF PIPERIDINE AND MORPHOLINE 1, 8 NAPHTHYRIDINE ANALOGUES
Authors: Badawneh Muwaffag , Aljamal Jalal 
Published: February 2017

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The search for new, potentially useful antimycobacterial agents. In continuation with our previous screening for the discovery of novel drugs for tuberculosis, a new series of 1,8-naphthyridines derivatives were synthesized and evaluated <em>in vitro </em>for antimycobacterial activity against <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis </em>H37Rv.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Several 4-morpholinomethyl-1.8-naphthyridine derivatives have been synthesized in excellent yields. The synthesized compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods as well as elemental analyses. They were screened for their antimycobacterial activity. The growth was monitored radiometrically in 7H12 broth with the BACTEC 460 TB system. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for compounds that demonstrated ≥ 90% growth inhibition in the primary screening.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The obtained data suggested that all compounds showed significant activity against <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis </em>H37Rv<em> </em>compared to the standard reference drug. Analogues (6-11) having heterocyclic groups in position 7 were the most potent of those we tested.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings clearly identify the 1,8-naphthyridine analogue (10) with a 6-amino-2-(4'-methoxy benzylamine-4-morpholinomethyl-7-morpholino-substituent as promising anti-tubercular agents possessing significant activity against <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis </em>H37Rv</p>
SYNTHESIS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF 2-SUBSTITUTED-5-NITRO BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES
Authors: Archie Sabrina Rahman , Das Biplab Kumar , Hossain Md. Shahadat , Kumar Uttom , Rouf Abu Shara Shamsur 
Published: February 2017

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study was conducted to synthesise some 2-substituted-5-nitro benzimidazole derivatives to evaluate their antioxidant activity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The titled compounds were synthesised by sodium metabisulfite mediated reaction of 4-nitro-1, 2-phenylenediamine with a number of <em>para</em>-substituted benzaldehydes. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All the compounds exhibited good antioxidant activity having IC<sub>50</sub> values in the range of 3.17 to 7.59 µg/ml while that of standard butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) was 18.42 µg/ml.</p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among the synthesised compounds, compounds 3a-c have been shown to possess the most prominent antioxidant activity which might be attributed due to the presence of chloro, bromo and fluoro substituents in the molecule. The compounds may act as the future lead(s) for the development of potential antioxidant compounds.<p> </p>