bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immobilised Electrocatalysts: Nafion Particles Doped with Ruthenium(II) Tris(2,2′‐bipyridyl)
Authors: Yang Haiying , Li Xiuting , Batchelor‐McAuley Christopher , Sokolov Stanislav V. , Kätelhön Enno , Compton Richard G. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractNafion particles doped with ruthenium(II) tris(2,2′‐bipyridyl) are synthesized by using a re‐precipitation method. Characterization including SEM sizing and quantification of Ru(bpy)32+ in the Nafion particles using UV/Vis spectroscopy was conducted. The synthesized Ru‐Nafion particles were investigated electrochemically at both ensemble and single particle levels. Voltammetry of the drop‐cast Ru‐Nafion particles evidences the successful incorporation of Ru(bpy)32+ into the Nafion particle but only a small fraction of the incorporated Ru(bpy)32+ was detected due at least in part to the formation of the likely agglomerated and irregular “mat” associated with the dropcast technique. In contrast, nano‐impact experiments provided a quantitative determination of the amount of Ru(bpy)32+ in single Ru‐Nafion particles. Finally, oxidation of solution‐phase oxalate mediated by Ru(bpy)32+ within individual Nafion particles was observed, showing the electrocatalytic properties of the Ru‐Nafion particles.
Back Cover: Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Remediation of Simulated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Contaminated Wastewater under Visible Light Irradiation by Graphene Oxide Enwrapped Ag3PO4 Composite (Chin. J. Chem. 10/2017)
Authors: Yang Xiaolong , Cai Haoyuan , Bao Mutai , Yu Jianqiang , Lu Jinren , Li Yiming 
Published: October 2017

The back cover picture shows a photocatalytic remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from wastewater with graphene oxide (GO) enwrapped silver phosphate as visible light‐driven photocatalysts. PAHs are a class of highly mutagenic and carcinogenic organic pollutants that pose serious threats to human health and the ecosystem. GO/Ag3PO4 was synthesized by a simple precipitation method. The photocatalysts exhibited superior photocatalytic activity and stability. The degradation efficiency of naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene could reach 49.7%, 100.0% and 77.9%, respectively within 5 min irradiation. Meanwhile, the efficiencies of 44.6%, 95.2% and 83.8% were achieved for naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene degradation even after 5 times of recycling in the GO/Ag3PO4‐PAHs photocatalysis system. More details are discussed in the article by Bao et al. on page 1549–1558.
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Effect of Pore Size on the Carbon Dioxide Adsorption Behavior of Porous Liquids Based on Hollow Silica
Authors: Shi Ting , Zheng Yaping , Wang Tianyu , Li Peipei , Wang Yudeng , Yao Dongdong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPorous liquids are an expanding class of material that has huge potential in gas separation and gas adsorption. Pore size has a dramatic influence on the gas adsorption of porous liquids. In this article, we chose hollow silica nanoparticles as cores, 3‐(trihydroxysilyl)‐1‐propanesulfonic acid (SIT) as corona, and inexpensive industrial reagent polyether amine (M2070) as canopy to obtain a new type of porous liquids. Hollow silica nanospheres with different pore sizes were chosen to investigate the influence of porosity size on CO2 adsorption capacity of porous liquids. Their chemical structure, morphology, thermal behavior and possible adsorption mechanism are discussed in detail. It was proved that with similar grafting density, porous liquid that has bigger pore size possesses a better CO2 adsorption capacity (2.182 mmol g−1 under 2.5 MPa at 298 K). More than that, this article demonstrates a more facile and low‐cost method to obtain porous liquids with good CO2 adsorption capacity, recyclability, and huge variability.
FUCA: Fuzzy‐based unequal clustering algorithm to prolong the lifetime of wireless sensor networks
Authors: Agrawal Deepika , Pandey Sudhakar 
Published: October 2017

SummaryWireless sensor network comprises billions of nodes that work collaboratively, gather data, and transmit to the sink. “Energy hole” or “hotspot” problem is a phenomenon in which nodes near to the sink die prematurely, which causes the network partition. This is because of the imbalance of the consumption of energy by the nodes in wireless sensor networks. This decreases the network's lifetime. Unequal clustering is a technique to cope up with this issue. In this paper, an algorithm, “fuzzy‐based unequal clustering algorithm,” is proposed to prolong the lifetime of the network. This protocol forms unequal clusters. This is to balance the energy consumption. Cluster head selection is done through fuzzy logic approach. Input variables are the distance to base station, residual energy, and density. Competition radius and rank are the two output fuzzy variables. Mamdani method is employed for fuzzy inference. The protocol is compared with well‐known algorithms, like low‐energy adaptive clustering hierarchy, energy‐aware unequal clustering fuzzy, multi‐objective fuzzy clustering algorithm, and fuzzy‐based unequal clustering under different network scenarios. In all the scenarios, the proposed protocol performs better. It extends the lifetime of the network as compared with its counterparts.
Load‐bearing capacity of slender unreinforced masonry compression members under biaxial bending
Authors: Förster Valentin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDedicated to Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Carl‐Alexander Graubner on the occasion of his 60th birthdayMasonry members have to resist vertical loads and bending moments about the weak axis due to rotation of adjacent slabs. If the compression member is part of the bracing system, there are also bending moments about the strong axis. This paper deals with the load‐bearing capacity of biaxially eccentrically compressed unreinforced compression members with rectangular cross‐sections. For linear‐elastic material, the principles of an analytical model is presented, which considers geometrical and physical (cracking) non‐linearity. The deflections of the wall can be determined by using moment‐curvature relations, making possible the analytical analysis of compression members considering the effects of 2nd order theory. For a non‐linear stress‐strain relation, the calculation of the load carrying capacity of rectangular compression members under biaxial bending is complex and has to be determined numerically. The good accordance of the results of the analytical model with the numeric calculations is also shown for various eccentricities. In addition, a simplified proposal for the calculation of the load‐bearing capacity of biaxially eccentrically compressed unreinforced compression members is shown. The proposal is based on the load‐bearing capacity of uniaxially eccentrically compressed unreinforced compression members. Therefore it is possible to use the proposal considering existing models, for example according to Eurocode 2 or 6.
Detection of autologous blood transfusions using a novel dried blood spot method
Authors: Cox Holly D. , Miller Geoffrey D. , Lai Auriella , Cushman Dan , Eichner Daniel 
Published: October 2017

In doping control laboratories, autologous blood transfusions are currently detected using an indirect method that monitors changes in an athlete's hemoglobin concentration [Hb] and reticulocyte percent (Ret%) over time. The method is limited by the need for a phlebotomist to collect venous blood and the limited blood stability which requires temperature‐controlled shipment and analysis within 72 hours. These limitations significantly reduce the number of samples collected from each athlete and thus the utility of the method. We have recently developed a method to measure immature reticulocytes (IRC) and red blood cells (RBC) in dried blood spots, which could replace the current venous blood method. In the DBS method, cell‐specific proteins are digested with trypsin and measured by mass spectrometry. Two proteins, CD71 and Band3, are measured to count IRC and RBC, respectively. The method was tested in an autologous transfusion study consisting of 15 subjects who received blood and 11 subjects who received saline. After transfusion, the average CD71/Band3 ratio in the blood group was statistically different from the saline group at days 5, 6, 13, and 20. The average CD71/Band3 ratio decreased to a minimum of 61 ± 8% of baseline, while Ret% decreased to 75 ± 5% of baseline. Based on experimentally defined criteria, the CD71/Band3 ratio could detect 7 out of 10 blood transfusion subjects, while Ret% could detect 3 out of 10. Thus, the DBS method could improve detection of autologous transfusion and allow increased sample collection.
A simple validated multi‐analyte method for detecting drugs in oral fluid by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS)
Authors: Zheng Yufang , Sparve Erik , Bergström Mats 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOral fluid sampling offers several advantages compared to other methods of detecting drugs in biological matrices due to its easy sampling procedure and simple supervision. Hence, the use of oral fluid for drug testing is increasing in workplaces and in roadside testing. As a result, more laboratories are required to perform analyses of drugs in oral fluid.A multi‐method using ultra performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) for tracing drugs in oral fluid was developed. Oral fluid was collected using the collection device Oral‐Eze. Samples were prepared by dilution with acetonitrile and methanol followed by centrifugation prior to UPLC–MS/MS analysis. The UPLC separation was achieved by using a BEH‐C18 column. Mass detection was performed in positive ion mode, and the most common drugs/metabolites were detected for amphetamines, benzodiazepines, cocaine, benzoylecgonine, opiates, opioids, phencyclidine, and Δ9‐ tetrahydrocannabinol.Thirty‐seven analytes were validated using the developed UPLC–MS/MS multi‐analyte method with a total run time of 5 minutes. Calibration curves were linear for all analytes over the concentration range 1.5–600 ng/mL. Within‐ and between‐day CVs varied from 1.2% to 20% and from 0.7% to 20%, respectively, for most substances. Extraction recoveries from the oral fluid device were >70%, a few had a yield of 50%.The developed multi‐method was successfully validated and applied in a clinical routine laboratory to detect drugs in oral fluid samples that were sent from different workplaces and clinics. High sensitivity, simple sample pretreatment and short analysis time are advantages of this method.
Low oxytocin levels are related to alexithymia in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Schmelkin Cindy , Plessow Franziska , Thomas Jennifer J. , Gray Emily K. , Marengi Dean A. , Pulumo Reitumetse , Silva Lisseth , Miller Karen K. , Hadjikhani Nouchine , Franko Debra L. , Eddy Kamryn T. , Lawson Elizabeth A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveAnorexia nervosa is associated with social‐emotional functioning deficits and low levels of the social neurohormone oxytocin, even after weight gain. The relationship between low oxytocin levels and social‐emotional functioning impairment has not been studied.MethodWe performed a cross‐sectional study of 79 women (19 who were less than 85% of ideal body weight [IBW] with anorexia nervosa [AN], 26 who were 90–120% IBW with a history of AN [AN‐WR], and 34 who were 90–120% IBW with no eating disorder history [H]). We administered the Eating Disorder Examination–Questionnaire (EDE‐Q), Leibowitz Social Anxiety Scale–Self Report (LSAS‐SR), Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology–Basic Questionnaire (DAPP‐BQ; suspiciousness and insecure attachment subscales), and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS‐20). We also analyzed fasting serum oxytocin levels.ResultsMost measures of social‐emotional functioning showed impairment in women with AN and AN‐WR compared to H. Oxytocin levels were low in AN‐WR compared to H. Across groups, low oxytocin levels were associated with difficulty identifying feelings (r = −.45, p = .008) and overall alexithymia (r = −.34, p = .0489).DiscussionWe speculate that low oxytocin levels may contribute to alexithymia in women with anorexia nervosa.
Efficacy, tolerability and safety of cannabis‐based medicines for chronic pain management – An overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Häuser W. , Petzke F. , Fitzcharles M.A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMedicinal cannabis has already entered mainstream medicine in some countries. This systematic review (SR) aimed at evaluating the efficacy, acceptability and safety of cannabis‐based medicines for chronic pain management. Qualitative systematic review of SRs of randomized controlled trials with cannabis‐based medicines for chronic pain management. The Cochrane databases of SRs, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects and PubMed were searched for SR published in the period January 2009 to January 2017. Assessment of the methodological quality of SR was performed by the AMSTAR checklist. Out of 748 papers identified, 10 SRs met the inclusion criteria. The methodological quality was high in four and moderate in six SRs. There were inconsistent findings of four SRs on the efficacy of cannabis‐based medicines in neuropathic pain and of one SR for painful spasms in multiple sclerosis. There were consistent results that there was insufficient evidence of any cannabis‐based medicine for pain management in patients with rheumatic diseases (three SRs) and in cancer pain (two SRs). Cannabis‐based medicines undoubtedly enrich the possibilities of drug treatment of chronic pain conditions. It remains the responsibility of the health care community to continue to pursue rigorous study of cannabis‐based medicines to provide evidence that meets the standard of 21st century clinical care.SignificanceWe provide an overview of systematic reviews on the efficacy, tolerability and safety of cannabis‐based medicines for chronic pain management. There are inconsistent findings of the efficacy of cannabinoids in neuropathic pain and painful spasms in multiple sclerosis. There are inconsistent results on tolerability and safety of cannabis‐based medicines for any chronic pain.
High Volumetric Hydrogen Storage Capacity using Interpenetrated Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Balderas‐Xicohténcatl Rafael , Schmieder Phillip , Denysenko Dmytro , Volkmer Dirk , Hirscher Michael 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks with extremely large specific surface areas can reach very high gravimetric hydrogen storage capacities. However, these ultra‐porous materials possess typically a very low density and, therefore, a poor volumetric hydrogen storage capacity. Here we study experimentally the influence of interpenetration on the volumetric and gravimetric hydrogen storage capacity by comparing two metal–organic frameworks of the MFU‐4 family, non‐interpenetrated MFU‐4l and CFA‐7 with an interpenetrated structure. At 77 K the absolute volumetric hydrogen uptake of CFA‐7 is more than twice that of MFU‐4l.
Models and methods for low‐carbon footprint analysis of grid‐connected photovoltaic generation from a distribution network planning perspective
Authors: Luo Fengzhang , Zhang Tianyu , Wei Wei , Li Fangxing , Bai Linquan , Tan Chin‐Woo , Liu Yanzhang , Liu Guangyi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSolar energy is a clean energy resource, so the large‐scale deployment of photovoltaic (PV) power generation is of great significance for achieving carbon emission reductions in the electric power industry. This paper proposes models and methods for evaluation of the low‐carbon benefits of grid‐connected PV power generation projects. The carbon emission (or emission reduction) characteristics and the economic benefits of PV generation are analyzed using the following four metrics: generation capacity revenue, PV cost, loss efficiency improvement, and reserve capacity cost. The corresponding low‐carbon benefit models and economic benefit models are then established. By combining the low‐carbon and economic characteristics of photovoltaic power generation, a model is proposed for evaluating the low‐carbon comprehensive benefits (LCBs) of photovoltaic power generation and the concept of a carbon emission payback period (CPP) is put forward. Examples with typical operating data from real‐world applications are used to verify the validity of the models and methods proposed in this paper. The analysis results show that photovoltaic power generation has great potential in terms of low‐carbon comprehensive benefits compared with conventional power generation.
On equity risk prediction and tail spillovers
Authors: Pouliasis Panos , Kyriakou Ioannis , Papapostolou Nikos 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis paper studies the impact of modelling time‐varying variances of stock returns in terms of risk measurement and extreme risk spillover. Using a general class of regime‐dependent models, we find that volatility can be disaggregated into distinct components: a persistent stable process with low sensitivity to shocks and a high volatility process capturing rather short‐lived rare events. Out‐of‐sample forecasts show that, once regime shifts are accounted for, accuracy is improved compared to the standard generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity or the historical volatility model. Volatility plays an important role in controlling and monitoring financial risks. Therefore, by means of a risk management application, we illustrate the economic value and the practical implications of risk control ability of the models in terms of value at risk. Finally, tests for predictability in co‐movements in the tails of stock index returns suggest that large losses are strongly correlated, supporting asymmetric transmission processes for financial contagion in the left tail of return distributions, whereas contagion in reverse direction (gains) is weak.
A case of neurosyphilis accompanied by deterioration of type 2 diabetes management
Authors: Arii Kaoru , Kishino Wakako , Tsuji Kazuya , Sakamoto Kei , Iwasaki Yu , Yoshimoto Yukio 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA 66‐year‐old man was admitted with visual impairment, functional disability, and worsening glycemic control. On admission, he had optic atrophy without diabetic retinopathy in both eyes, sensory impairment of the lower extremities, ataxia, and cognitive impairment. As both serum and cerebrospinal fluid tested positive for syphilis, he was diagnosed with neurosyphilis and treated with antibiotics. Functional ability and cognitive function improved after conducting syphilis treatment; we consequently started him on an insulin self‐administration program. Two years later, his glycemic control has normalized. Dementia caused by neurosyphilis is one of the most important differential diagnoses of treatable dementia; hence, early diagnosis and early treatment are important.
Tumor radiomic heterogeneity: Multiparametric functional imaging to characterize variability and predict response following cervical cancer radiation therapy
Authors: Bowen Stephen R. , Yuh William T.C. , Hippe Daniel S. , Wu Wei , Partridge Savannah C. , Elias Saba , Jia Guang , Huang Zhibin , Sandison George A. , Nelson Dennis , Knopp Michael V. , Lo Simon S. , Kinahan Paul E. , Mayr Nina A. 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundRobust approaches to quantify tumor heterogeneity are needed to provide early decision support for precise individualized therapy.PurposeTo conduct a technical exploration of longitudinal changes in tumor heterogeneity patterns on dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) and FDG positron emission tomography / computed tomography (PET/CT), and their association to radiation therapy (RT) response in cervical cancer.Study TypeProspective observational study with longitudinal MRI and PET/CT pre‐RT, early‐RT (2 weeks), and mid‐RT (5 weeks).PopulationTwenty‐one FIGO IB2‐IVA cervical cancer patients receiving definitive external beam RT and brachytherapy.Field Strength/Sequence1.5T, precontrast axial T1‐weighted, axial and sagittal T2‐weighted, sagittal DWI (multi‐b values), sagittal DCE MRI (<10 sec temporal resolution), postcontrast axial T1‐weighted.AssessmentResponse assessment 1 month after completion of treatment by a board‐certified radiation oncologist from manually delineated tumor volume changes.Statistical TestsIntensity histogram (IH) quantiles (DCE SI10% and DWI ADC10%, FDG‐PET SUVmax) and distribution moments (mean, variance, skewness, kurtosis) were extracted. Differences in IH features between timepoints and modalities were evaluated by Skillings–Mack tests with Holm's correction. Area under receiver‐operating characteristic curve (AUC) and Mann–Whitney testing was performed to discriminate treatment response using IH features.ResultsTumor IH means and quantiles varied significantly during RT (SUVmean: ↓28–47%, SUVmax: ↓30–59%, SImean: ↑8–30%, SI10%: ↑8–19%, ADCmean: ↑16%, P < 0.02 for each). Among IH heterogeneity features, FDG‐PET SUVCoV (↓16–30%, P = 0.011) and DW‐MRI ADCskewness decreased (P = 0.001). FDG‐PET SUVCoV was higher than DCE‐MRI SICoV and DW‐MRI ADCCoV at baseline (P < 0.001) and 2 weeks (P = 0.010). FDG‐PET SUVkurtosis was lower than DCE‐MRI SIkurtosis and DW‐MRI ADCkurtosis at baseline (P = 0.001). Some IH features appeared to associate with favorable tumor response, including large early RT changes in DW‐MRI ADCskewness (AUC = 0.86).Data ConclusionPreliminary findings show tumor heterogeneity was variable between patients, modalities, and timepoints. Radiomic assessment of changing tumor heterogeneity has the potential to personalize treatment and power outcome prediction.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1388–1396.
The role of spontaneous neurotransmission in synapse and circuit development
Authors: Andreae Laura C. , Burrone Juan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn the past, the spontaneous release of neurotransmitter from presynaptic terminals has been thought of as a side effect of evoked release, with little functional significance. As our understanding of the process of spontaneous release has increased over time, this notion has gradually changed. In this review, we focus on the importance of this form of release during neuronal development, a time of extreme levels of plasticity that includes the growth of dendrites and axons as well as the formation of new synaptic contacts. This period also encompasses high levels of neurotransmitter release from growing axons, and recent studies have found that spontaneous transmitter release plays an important role in shaping neuronal morphology as well as modulating the properties of newly forming synaptic contacts in the brain. Here, we bring together the latest findings across different species to argue that the spontaneous release of neurotransmitter is an important player in the wiring of the brain during development.