bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and risk factors of retreatment after three-monthly aflibercept therapy for exudative age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Kikushima Wataru , Sakurada Yoichi , Yoneyama Seigo , Sugiyama Atsushi , Tanabe Naohiko , Kume Atsuki , Mabuchi Fumihiko , Iijima Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThough anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy has become the standard treatment for exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retreatment after the initial loading injection is inevitable in most eyes with residual or recurrent exudative changes. In the present study, we studied 140 treatment naïve eyes with typical neovascular AMD (n = 71) or polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) (n = 69) and investigated the incidence and risk factors of retreatment after 3-monthly intravitreal aflibercept injection for exudative AMD during the 12-month period. At 12 months, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved significantly from 0.45 ± 0.39 to 0.26 ± 0.33 (P = 4.1 × 10−11). Multiple regression analysis revealed that better baseline BCVA (P = 3.6 × 10−14) and thicker subfoveal choroidal thickness (P = 0.039) were associated with better BCVA at 12-months. Retreatment was required in 94 out of 140 (67.1%) eyes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that older age (P = 7.2 × 10−3) and T-allele of ARMS2 A69S (rs10490924) variants (P = 1.9 × 10−3) were associated with retreatment. Cox-regression analysis revealed that older age (P = 1.0 × 10−2) and T-allele of the ARMS2 gene (P = 6.0 × 10−3) were associated with retreatment-free period. The number of retreatment episodes was significantly different among the ARMS2 genotypes (P = 8.1 × 10−4). These findings might be helpful for physicians when considering the optimal treatment regimen for exudative AMD.
Stress during pregnancy alters temporal and spatial dynamics of the maternal and offspring microbiome in a sex-specific manner
Authors: Jašarević Eldin , Howard Christopher D. , Misic Ana M. , Beiting Daniel P. , Bale Tracy L. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe microbiome is a regulator of host immunity, metabolism, neurodevelopment, and behavior. During early life, bacterial communities within maternal gut and vaginal compartments can have an impact on directing these processes. Maternal stress experience during pregnancy may impact offspring development by altering the temporal and spatial dynamics of the maternal microbiome during pregnancy. To examine the hypothesis that maternal stress disrupts gut and vaginal microbial dynamics during critical prenatal and postnatal windows, we used high-resolution 16S rRNA marker gene sequencing to examine outcomes in our mouse model of early prenatal stress. Consistent with predictions, maternal fecal communities shift across pregnancy, a process that is disrupted by stress. Vaginal bacterial community structure and composition exhibit lasting disruption following stress exposure. Comparison of maternal and offspring microbiota revealed that similarities in bacterial community composition was predicted by a complex interaction between maternal body niche and offspring age and sex. Importantly, early prenatal stress influenced offspring bacterial community assembly in a temporal and sex-specific manner. Taken together, our results demonstrate that early prenatal stress may influence offspring development through converging modifications to gut microbial composition during pregnancy and transmission of dysbiotic vaginal microbiome at birth.
Molecular outcomes, clinical consequences, and genetic diagnosis of Oculocutaneous Albinism in Pakistani population
Authors: Shahzad Mohsin , Yousaf Sairah , Waryah Yar M. , Gul Hadia , Kausar Tasleem , Tariq Nabeela , Mahmood Umair , Ali Muhammad , Khan Muzammil A. , Waryah Ali M. , Shaikh Rehan S. , Riazuddin Saima , Ahmed Zubair M. ,   University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics (UW CMG) Consortium, Bamshad Michael J. , Shendure Jay , Nickerson Deborah A. , Abecasis Gonçalo R. , Anderson Peter , Marchani Blue Elizabeth , Annable Marcus , Browning Brian L. , Buckingham Kati J. , Chen Christina , Chin Jennifer , Chong Jessica X. , Cooper Gregory M. , Davis Colleen P. , Frazar Christopher , Harrell Tanya M. , He Zongxiao , Jain Preti , Jarvik Gail P. , Jimenez Guillaume , Johanson Eric , Jun Goo , Kircher Martin , Kolar Tom , Krauter Stephanie A. , Krumm Niklas , Leal Suzanne M. , Luksic Daniel , Marvin Colby T. , McGee Sean , Patterson Karynne , Perez Marcos , Phillips Sam W. , Pijoan Jessica , Poel Christa , Ragan Seamus , Reinier Frederic , Robertson Peggy D. , Santos-Cortez Regie , Shankar Aditi , Slattery Krystal , Shephard Cindy , Shively Kathryn M. , Siegel Deborah L. , Smith Joshua D. , Tabor Holly K. , Tackett Monica , Wegener Marc , Wang Gao , Wheeler Marsha M. , Wright Amber , Yi Qian 
Published: March 2017

AbstractNonsyndromic oculocutaneous Albinism (nsOCA) is clinically characterized by the loss of pigmentation in the skin, hair, and iris. OCA is amongst the most common causes of vision impairment in children. To date, pathogenic variants in six genes have been identified in individuals with nsOCA. Here, we determined the identities, frequencies, and clinical consequences of OCA alleles in 94 previously unreported Pakistani families. Combination of Sanger and Exome sequencing revealed 38 alleles, including 22 novel variants, segregating with nsOCA phenotype in 80 families. Variants of TYR and OCA2 genes were the most common cause of nsOCA, occurring in 43 and 30 families, respectively. Twenty-two novel variants include nine missense, four splice site, two non-sense, one insertion and six gross deletions. In vitro studies revealed retention of OCA proteins harboring novel missense alleles in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of transfected cells. Exon-trapping assays with constructs containing splice site alleles revealed errors in splicing. As eight alleles account for approximately 56% (95% CI: 46.52–65.24%) of nsOCA cases, primarily enrolled from Punjab province of Pakistan, hierarchical strategies for variant detection would be feasible and cost-efficient genetic tests for OCA in families with similar origin. Thus, we developed Tetra-primer ARMS assays for rapid, reliable, reproducible and economical screening of most of these common alleles.
Superior Pre-Osteoblast Cell Response of Etched Ultrafine-Grained Titanium with a Controlled Crystallographic Orientation
Authors: Baek Seung Mi , Shin Myeong Hwan , Moon Jongun , Jung Ho Sang , Lee See Am , Hwang WoonBong , Yeom Jong Taek , Hahn Sei Kwang , Kim Hyoung Seop 
Published: March 2017

AbstractUltrafine-grained (UFG) Ti for improved mechanical performance as well as its surface modification enhancing biofunctions has attracted much attention in medical industries. Most of the studies on the surface etching of metallic biomaterials have focused on surface topography and wettability but not crystallographic orientation, i.e., texture, which influences the chemical as well as the physical properties. In this paper, the influences of texture and grain size on roughness, wettability, and pre-osteoblast cell response were investigated in vitro after HF etching treatment. The surface characteristics and cell behaviors of ultrafine, fine, and coarse-grained Ti were examined after the HF etching. The surface roughness during the etching treatment was significantly increased as the orientation angle from the basal pole was increased. The cell adhesion tendency of the rough surface was promoted. The UFG Ti substrate exhibited a higher texture energy state, rougher surface, enhanced hydrophilic wettability, and better cell adhesion and proliferation behaviors after etching than those of the coarse- and fine-grained Ti substrates. These results provide a new route for enhancing both mechanical and biological performances using etching after grain refinement of Ti.
Influence of the Valsalva maneuver on cardiac hemodynamics and right to left shunt in patients with patent foramen ovale
Authors: Zhao Enfa , Zhang Yafei , Kang Chunmiao , Niu Hua , Zhao Jing , Sun Lei , Liu Baomin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the Valsalva maneuver (VM) on cardiac hemodynamics in patients with patent foramen ovale (PFO). Sixty-five patients who were highly suspected to have PFO were included. The changes in E, A, E/A ratio of mitral valve blood flow, E, A, E/A ratio of tricuspid valve blood flow, left ventricular end-diastolic volume, area and right atrial area during the resting state and the strain phase of the Valsalva maneuver were observed by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Version18.0. Compared to the resting state, mitral valve diastolic velocity E and A peaks at the strain phase of the Valsalva maneuver significantly decreased (P < 0.05), left ventricular end diastolic volume(LVEDV) and area(LVEDA) decreased significantly (P < 0.05), while E/A ratio of mitral valve, tricuspid valve systolic velocity E and A peaks and E/A ratio remained unchanged (P > 0.05). PFO hemodynamic changes mainly occurred in the left ventricle when the Valsalva maneuver was performed. The Valsalva maneuver increased pressure in the chest, then pulmonary venous return was impeded, which resulted in left ventricular limited filling, and E and A peaks decreased. The pressure of the left ventricle and atrium was lower than that of the right side, which resulted in right-to-left shunt (RLS) through PFO.
Hyperphosphatasia with Mental Retardation Syndrome Due to a Novel Mutation in PGAP3
Authors: Nampoothiri Sheela , Hebbar Malavika , Roy Arun , Kochumon Sheena , Bielas Stephanie , Shukla Anju , Girisha Katta 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHyperphosphatasia with mental retardation syndrome is a heterogeneous genetic condition. Two siblings aged 5 years and 3 years were evaluated for global development delay and facial dysmorphism. A novel missense variant, c.851A>G (p.H284R, NM_033419.3), in PGAP3 was identified using whole-exome sequencing. Assays for elevated alkaline phosphatase and exome sequencing can be useful for the diagnosis of hyperphosphatasia with mental retardation syndrome.
Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome: Clinical and Genetic Data from a First Case Diagnosed in Central Africa
Authors: Mbuyi-Musanzayi Sébastien , Lumaka Aimé , Kasole Toni , Ilunga Erick , Asani Bienvenu , Tshilobo Prosper , Muenze Prosper , Reychler Hervé , Katombe François , Devriendt Koenraad 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a multiple congenital anomaly-intellectual disability syndrome caused by a deletion involving chromosome 4p16.3. We report clinical and genetic findings of the first WHS patient diagnosed in central Africa. This boy who presented with cleft palate, microcephaly, severe growth delay, and intellectual disability was 12 years old. Typical craniofacial features were present, though the characteristic “Greek helmet” appearance of the nose was less evident, probably reflecting a variable expression related to the genetic background. The clinical diagnosis of WHS was confirmed by array CGH, which revealed a terminal 4p16.3 deletion of 3.47 Mb, typically associated with a milder phenotype, contributing to the long survival of this child in a developing country.
Outdoor gyms and older adults – acceptability, enablers and barriers: a survey of park users
Authors: Stride Vicki , Cranney Leonie , Scott Ashleigh , Hua Myna 
Published: March 2017

Issue addressedIncreasing the proportion of older adults meeting current recommendations for physical activity is important. This study aimed to determine the acceptability of outdoor gym use among older adults by assessing their outdoor gym use, intention to use, motivators, frequency and preference for use, and barriers and enablers to use.MethodsInterviews were conducted with 438 consenting English speaking park users ≥ 50 years after installation and promotion of an outdoor gym.ResultsForty‐two percent of older adults interviewed had used the outdoor gym. Outdoor gym users had a significantly higher proportion of local residents (χ2 = 10.43; P < 0.01), were more frequent park users (χ2 = 8.75; P < 0.01) and spoke a language other than English (χ2 = 15.44; P < 0.0001) compared with general park users. Shade and different equipment types were the most cited enablers.ConclusionsOutdoor gyms may be an acceptable form of physical activity for older adult park users. Installations should offer a variety of equipment types and shade.So what?Outdoor gyms are a potential equitable approach to engaging older adults in a variety of physical activity types. Social and physical benefits of outdoor gym use in high risk groups for physical inactivity should be explored.
Natural History and Risk Factor of Recurrent Hemorrhage in Hemorrhagic Adult Moyamoya Disease
Authors: Kim Kang Min , Kim Jeong Eun , Cho Won-Sang , Kang Hyun-Seung , Son Young-Je , Han Moon Hee , Oh Chang Wan 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Recurrent hemorrhage is a serious neurosurgical problem in adult moyamoya disease (MMD) patients.

OBJECTIVE: To find the natural history and risk factors of recurrent hemorrhage in cases of adult hemorrhagic MMD.

METHODS: One hundred seventy-six adult MMD patients presenting with hemorrhage were enrolled. Patients’ medical records and radiological images were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical and radiological features of recurrent hemorrhage, and related risk factors were analyzed. Poor neurological outcome was defined as a score on the modified Rankin Scale of 4 to 6. The hemisphere in which the initial hemorrhage occurred was considered as the affected one. The mean follow-up duration was 83 months.

RESULTS: The overall estimated rate of recurrent hemorrhage was 16.9%/person (95% confidence interval, 11.3%-24.8%) at 5 years and 26.3%/person (95% confidence interval, 18.5%-36.4%) at 10 years after the initial episode of hemorrhage. The affected hemisphere showed a higher recurrent hemorrhagic rate (11.7% vs 8.3%/hemisphere at 5 years, P = .09) after conservative treatment. As a result of recurrent hemorrhages, the number of patients with poor neurological outcome increased (first episode: 13.8%, second: 37.5%, third: 40.0%, fourth: 100%). The presence of intraventricular hemorrhage (P = .05, hazard ratio = 3.32) and bilateral MMD (P = .05, hazard ratio = 4.15) had a marginal significance for recurrent hemorrhage. Eight ischemic strokes (4.5%) including 4 postoperative infarctions were identified, and all ischemic strokes were minor stroke.

CONCLUSION: During the follow-up period, recurrent hemorrhagic events continued to increase and deteriorated the patients’ neurological conditions. The presence of intraventricular hemorrhage was a significant risk factor of recurrent hemorrhage.
Laser Thermal Ablation for Metastases Failing Radiosurgery: A Multicentered Retrospective Study
Authors: Chaunzwa Tafadzwa L , Deng Di , Leuthardt Eric C , Tatter Stephen B , Mohammadi Alireda M , Barnett Gene H , Chiang Veronica L 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Radiosurgical failure following stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastases can be attributed to tumor regrowth or radiation necrosis. MRI-guided laser thermal ablation (LTA) therapy has emerged as an option for treatment; however, previous literature demonstrates variable results across centers.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the outcomes of LTA in the treatment of metastases failing radiosurgery across multiple centers and to determine if any treatment factors are predictive of outcome.

METHODS
Clinical data for 30 patients across 4 centers were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were included if they received LTA therapy following radiosurgical failure due to radiation necrosis or tumor regrowth. Demographics, surgical data, and follow-up imaging and clinical information were collected. Linear regression analyses were performed to determine treatment factors that were associated with post-LTA outcome.

RESULTS
The large majority of patients responded favorably to LTA treatment with low complication rates (23%), short length of stay (53% ≤ 2 d) and reductions in perilesional edema (63%). A total of 73.3% of patients stopped steroids and 48% saw improvement of their preoperative symptoms. Patients with better pre-LTA Karnofsky Performance Status had better survival. Patients who had lesions with more perilesional T2 change post-LTA had a better chance of weaning off steroids and obtaining symptomatic relief.

CONCLUSION
MRI-guided laser thermal ablation therapy serves as a viable alternative to traditional treatment options for metastatic brain lesions failing radiosurgery. Although this study is limited by size and is retrospective, LTA therapy may result in symptomatic improvement and a more prominent reduction in fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery signal for larger lesions.
Interdisciplining Humanities
Authors: Klein Julie Thompson , Frodeman Robert 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis chapter surveys the predisciplinary past and more recent inter- and trans-disciplinary developments in humanities. After presenting a snapshot of two disciplines—art history and music studies—it outlines the trajectories of two traditionally text-based disciplines, philosophy and literary studies. While the English word “humanities” derives from a cultural development beginning in ancient Rome, the formation of the modern disciplines in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was a watershed in this history. Counter-traditions of general and holistic knowledge persisted, but specialization in segmented discipline-based domains increasingly shaped the contours of humanities education and research—to the detriment of older, transdisciplinary elements. Over the course of the twentieth century, a number of developments fostered interactions across the disciplines, extending from the importation of European philosophy and literary studies to postcolonial critique. Today new interdisciplinary fields appear as well as fresh efforts at transdisciplinary cultural and epistemological transformations.
The Policy Sciences as a Transdisciplinary Approach for Policy Studies
Authors: Vogel Jason , Cherney David N. , Lowham Elizabeth A. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The policy sciences tradition is a comprehensive transdisciplinary approach to develop insight into real-world decision-making, resolve problems, and improve policy outcomes. The policy sciences draw freely from the methods of many conventional disciplines, as well as offer a framework to integrate the insights from those disciplines into a more holistic understanding of any policy process. This unique approach to policy analysis uses a set of interdisciplinary frameworks and propositions as a heuristic device or “mental model” that provides a transdisciplinary instrument for integrating the insights of policy scholarship, social research, and practical experience across disciplines and substantive specialties. This facilitates the integration of knowledge and practice to improve problem solving and policy analysis by calling attention to the potentially relevant parts of any problem, decision process, or social context. This chapter reviews the history and development of the policy sciences and provides an overview of some key frameworks and propositions.
Information Research on Interdisciplinarity
Authors: Palmer Carole L. , Fenlon Katrina 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn library and information science (LIS), research on interdisciplinarity is concerned with optimizing information resources, systems, and services for researchers working across disciplinary boundaries. Research libraries are responding to the rapid rise in interdisciplinary scholarship and the advances in digital content, technologies, and infrastructure that accompany an emerging data-intensive research paradigm. This chapter considers two key areas in LIS that inform current practice in research libraries—bibliometrics and information practices research. Bibliometric approaches investigate the patterns and flows of information among disciplines, and information practices research examines the activities and materials involved in the conduct of interdisciplinary work. As technical advances continue to solve problems in navigation and retrieval of information across disciplinary boundaries, the greatest challenge will be to assure the meaning and validity of newly created interdisciplinary knowledge through information systems that can sustain the increasingly long and mutable information paths back to our disciplinary intellectual foundations.
Toward a New Discipline of Integration and Implementation Sciences
Authors: Bammer Gabriele 
Published: March 2017

AbstractInterdisciplinarity would benefit from an underpinning discipline—integration and implementation sciences (I2S). This would act as a repository of concepts, methods, and case studies in three domains: (1) synthesizing disciplinary and stakeholder knowledge, (2) understanding and managing diverse unknowns, and (3) providing integrated research support for policy and practice change. Useful lessons about other functions of I2S can be drawn from the discipline of statistics and include (1) delivering a conduit to transfer practices between different areas of application, (2) developing different levels of expertise, and (3) providing pathways for building capacity. Developing a new discipline needs to be a joint exercise by those who would be its members.
Newton and the Dutch “Newtonians”: 1713–1750
Authors: Ducheyne Steffen , van Besouw Jip 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This chapter touches on various elements of the reception of Isaac Newton’s ideas in the Netherlands, in particular on three strands in the reception of the Principia. The first is the use, by a group of Amsterdam mathematicians including Bernard Nieuwentijt, of several of Newton’s theological ideas in order to combat Spinoza’s system. Second is Herman Boerhaave’s rather superficial use of Newton’s epistemological statements, which led Boerhaave to claim that Newton’s method would end controversies in science and ward off scepticism. Third are W.J. ’s Gravesande and Petrus van Musschenbroek, the most famous “Newtonians” of the Netherlands, who used certain themes of Newton in order to develop their own theories of knowledge. Taken together, these three strands show that Newton’s ideas were appropriated and developed in many different ways in the Netherlands. Differences and agreements between the strands can shed new light on the development of “Newtonianism” in the Netherlands.
Euler, Newton, and Foundations for Mechanics
Authors: Stan Marius 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This chapter looks at Euler’s relation to Newton, and at his role in the rise of Newtonian mechanics. It aims to give a sense of Newton’s complicated legacy for Enlightenment science and to point out that key “Newtonian” results are really due to Euler. The chapter begins with a historiographical overview of Euler’s complicated relation to Newton. Then it presents an instance of Euler extending broadly Newtonian notions to a field he created: rigid-body dynamics. Finally, it outlines three open questions about Euler’s mechanical foundations and their proximity to Newtonianism: Is his mechanics a monolithic account? What theory of matter is compatible with his dynamical laws? What were his dynamical laws, really?