bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Doble periodo de vacaciones como derecho de carácter principal a trabajadores catalogados de alto riesgo.
Authors: Roca Franco José Fabián , Escobar Alcaraz Jhoen Albany 
Published: November 2016

El presente artículo de reflexión tiene como finalidad realizar proposiciones en torno a la extensión del beneficio de doble periodo de vacaciones para otro tipo de trabajadores diferentes de los señalados en el artículo 186 Núm. 2 del vigente Código Sustantivo de Trabajo, teniendo en cuenta que existen otras circunstancias de alto riesgo que ameritan ser consideradas para otorgar esta prerrogativa a otro tipo de ocupaciones, profesiones u oficios. . Este artículo se deriva de una investigación de carácter descriptivo, de contenido crítico normativo, con un método deductivo.
La función pública y formas de vincularse a su ejercicio.
Authors: Perez Caballero Roberto 
Published: November 2016

El presente artículo de reflexión tiene como objetivo establecer las diferentes formas en que el estado vincula personal para el ejercicio de la función pública y a partir de esas formas precisar las distintas categorías de servidores de los entes públicos, a saber empleados públicos y trabajadores oficiales, y en ese orden señalar otras subcategorías que se le deriven, asimismo puntualizar sus diferencias fundamentales desde diversas perspectivas, para finalmente realizar una crítica a las practicas imperantes en la administración al momento de la vinculación del talento humano.
Cláusula de los derechos humanos en los tratados de libre comercio suscritos por Colombia.
Authors: Ricaurte Villalobos Indira Alexandra 
Published: November 2016

El presente artículo de reflexión tiene como objeto sustentar teóricamente como el Sistema Interamericano ha ejercido una influencia en el rol de las autoridades colombianas cuando éstas han tenido que ejecutar las decisiones que emanan de la Comisión y de la Corte Interamericana, aclarando que éste no es el objeto del presente estudio. Así las cosas, nuestro sistema de fuentes no solamente ha tenido que responder a la tradicional discusión que suscita el artículo 230 de la Constitución Política en relación con el carácter auxiliar o principal de la jurisprudencia (López, 2006), sino que se ha visto enfrentado al dilema acerca de si las decisiones de la Comisión y la jurisprudencia interamericana tienen un valor vinculante en el sistema de fuentes colombiano.
Extension of Bounded Linear Operators
Authors: Bajryacharya Prakash Muni , Phulara Keshab Raj 
Published: November 2016

<p>In this article the problem entitled when does every member of a class of operators T : E → Y admit an extension operator T : X → Y in different approaches like injective spaces, separable injective spaces, the class of compact operators and extension Into C(K ) spaces has-been studied.</p><p><strong>Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management,</strong> Vol. 2, 2016, page: 11-13</p>
The influence of strength exercises of the lower limbs on postural stability: A possible role of the autonomic nervous system
Authors: Mikoƚajec Kazimierz , Maszczyk Adam , Chalimoniuk Maƚgorzata , Langfort Józef , Goƚaś Artur , Zajc Adam 
Published: November 2016

AIM OF STUDY: The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of different types of strength exercises on the posturographic parameters as a postural stability indicators and selected plasma catecholamine levels as a marker of sympathetic nerve activity in basketball players. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample included 13 male, well-trained basketball players, aged 22.3 ± 2.9 y, with a training experience of 8.6 ± 2.3 years. Participants performed three consecutive exercises in successive weekly microcycles. The athletes performed isometric, concentric and eccentric exercises, with random restriction. Postural stability of all subjects was evaluated using a force plate before and after each exercise. RESULTS: The results revealed a significantly higher effect on the range of sway (RoS) with eyes closed in medial/lateral direction after concentric exercise and RoS with eyes closed in both directions after eccentric and isometric exercises. A significantly higher effect on the standard deviation of sway was observed in the anterior-posterior axis with eyes closed (p= 0.041) and velocity of COP displacement with open eyes(VCOP_OE) (p= 0.007) after the isometric exercises. A modulating effect of the applied exercise types on plasma NA and A levels was not observed, and the results demonstrated that serum 5HT was elevated in response to concentric exercise while diminished in response to both isometric and eccentric exercises. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that all types of applied exercises impair posture control during single leg stance on a force plate in basketball players but isometric exercise of proximal musculature to a greater extent negatively affects posture control in comparison with distal musculature. Moreover, among the investigated monoamines in well trained athletes, 5HT predominantly took part in modulation of locomotor activity.
Efficacy and Safety of Plasma Exchange with 5% Albumin to Modify Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma Amyloid-β Concentrations and Cognition Outcomes in Alzheimer’s Disease Patients: A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Boada Mercè , Anaya Fernando , Ortiz Pilar , Olazarán Javier , Shua-Haim Joshua R. , Obisesan Thomas O. , Hernández Isabel , Muñoz Joan , Buendia Mar , Alegret Montserrat , Lafuente Asunción , Tárraga Lluís , Núñez Laura , Torres Mireia , Grifols Joan Ramon , Ferrer Isidre , Lopez Oscar L. , Páez Antonio 
Published: November 2016

Background: Studies conducted in animal models and humans suggest the presence of a dynamic equilibrium of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma compartments. Objective: To determine whether plasma exchange (PE) with albumin replacement was able to modify Aβ concentrations in CSF and plasma as well as to improve cognition in patients with mild-moderate Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: In a multicenter, randomized, patient- and rater-blind, controlled, parallel-group, phase II study, 42 AD patients were assigned (1 : 1) to PE treatment or control (sham) groups. Treated patients received a maximum of 18 PE with 5% albumin (Albutein®, Grifols) with three different schedules: two PE/weekly (three weeks), one PE/weekly (six weeks), and one PE/bi- weekly (12 weeks), plus a six-month follow-up period. Plasma and CSF Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42 levels, as well as cognitive, functional, and behavioral measures were determined. Results: CSF Aβ1–42 levels after the last PE compared to baseline were marginally higher in PE-treated group versus controls (adjusted means of variation: 75.3 versus –45.5 pg/mL; 95% CI: –19.8, 170.5 versus 135.1, 44.2; p = 0.072). Plasma Aβ1–42 levels were lower in the PE-treated group after each treatment period ( p < 0.05). Plasma Aβ1–40 levels showed a saw-tooth pattern variation associated with PE. PE-treated patients scored better in the Boston Naming Test and Semantic Verbal Fluency ( p < 0.05) throughout the study. Neuropsychiatric Inventory scores were higher in controls during the PE phase ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: PE with human albumin modified CSF and plasma Aβ1–42 levels. Patients treated with PE showed improvement in memory and language functions, which persisted after PE was discontinued.
Increased Transforming Growth Factor β2 in the Neocortex of Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies is Correlated with Disease Severity and Soluble Aβ42 Load
Authors: Chong Joyce R. , Chai Yuek Ling , Lee Jasinda H. , Howlett David , Attems Johannes , Ballard Clive G. , Aarsland Dag , Francis Paul T. , Chen Christopher P. , Lai Mitchell K.P. 
Published: November 2016

Background: Of the three transforming growth factor (TGF)-β isoforms known, TGFβ1 deficits have been widely reported in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and studied as a potential therapeutic target. In contrast, the status of TGFβ2, which has been shown to mediate amyloid-β (Aβ)-mediated neuronal death, are unclear both in AD and in Lewy body dementias (LBD) with differential neuritic plaque and neurofibrillary tangle burden. Objective: To measure neocortical TGFβ2 levels and their correlations with neuropathological and clinical markers of disease severity in a well-characterized cohort of AD as well as two clinical subtypes of LBD, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD), known to manifest relatively high and low Aβ plaque burden, respectively. Methods: Postmortem samples from temporal cortex (BA21) were measured for TGFβ2 using a Luminex-based platform, and correlated with scores for neuritic plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, α-synuclein pathology, dementia severity (as measured by annual decline of Mini-Mental State Examination scores) as well as soluble and total fractions of brain Aβ42. Results: TGFβ2 was significantly increased in AD and DLB, but not in PDD. TGFβ2 also correlated with scores for neurofibrillary tangles, Lewy bodies (within the LBD group), dementia severity, and soluble Aβ42 concentration, but not with neuritic plaque scores, total Aβ42, or monomeric α-synuclein immunoreactivity. Conclusions: TGFβ2 is increased in the temporal cortex of AD and DLB, and its correlations with neuropathological and clinical markers of disease severity as well as with soluble Aβ42 load suggest a potential pathogenic role in mediating the neurotoxicity of non-fibrillar Aβ. Our study also indicates the potential utility of targeting TGFβ2 in pharmacotherapeutic approaches to AD and DLB.
The Effects of Meditation on Grey Matter Atrophy and Neurodegeneration: A Systematic Review
Authors: Last Nicole , Tufts Emily , Auger Leslie E. 
Published: November 2016

The present systematic review is based on the premise that a variety of neurodegenerative diseases are accompanied by grey matter atrophy in the brain and meditation may impact this. Given that age is a major risk factor for many of these progressive and neurodegenerative diseases and that the percentage of the population over the age of 65 is quickly increasing, there is an obvious need for prompt treatment and prevention advances in research. As there is currently no cure for Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases, many are seeking non-pharmacological treatment options in attempts to offset the disease-related cognitive and functional declines. On the basis of a growing body of research suggesting that meditation is effective in increasing grey matter volume in healthy participants, this paper systematically reviewed the literature regarding the effects of meditation on restoring grey matter volume in healthy individuals and those affected by neurodegeneration. This review searched PubMed, CINAHL, and APA PsycNET to identify original studies that included MRI imaging to measure grey matter volume in meditators and post-mindfulness-based intervention participants compared to controls. Thirteen studies were considered eligible for review and involved a wide variety of meditation techniques and included participants with and without cognitive impairment. All studies reported significant increases in grey matter volume in the meditators/intervention group, albeit in assorted regions of the brain. Limited research exists on the mechanisms through which meditation affects disease-related neurodegeneration, but preliminary evidence suggests that it may offset grey matter atrophy.
Short-Term Response is not Predictive of Long-Term Response to Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors in Old Age Subjects with Alzheimer’s Disease: A “Real World” Study
Authors: Boccardi Virginia , Baroni Marta , Smirne Nicoletta , Clodomiro Alessandra , Ercolani Sara , Longo Annalisa , Ruggiero Carmelinda , Bruni Amalia C. , Mecocci Patrizia 
Published: November 2016

Background: Most of clinical guidelines recommend discontinuing treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) who do not show an initial response to therapy as evaluated with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scale. However, understanding the relationship between the initial response to ChEI treatment and the subsequent course of the disease is extremely important in clinical practice, but evidence is limited, particularly in the old-old population. Objective: We aimed at investigating the relationship between short-term and long-term response to ChEI therapy in old age subjects with AD in a “real life” setting. Methods: This is a retrospective longitudinal study of 628 old age subjects (≥65 years old) with AD and treated with ChEIs over three year follow-up. The sample was divided into “young-old” (≤75 years) and “old-old” (≥76 years) according to age, and as “responder” and “non-responder” according to the initial (i.e., after three months) response to treatment. Cognitive and functional evaluation was performed by means of MMSE and ADL/IADL, respectively. Results: In the long run, subjects considered as non-responders showed a lower rate of cognitive decline as compared with responders, with a mean annual decline at MMSE of 1.0 point versus 1.6 points ( p < 0.0001), respectively. Old-old non-responders had a slower rate of cognitive ( p < 0.0001) and functional decline ( p < 0.0001) as compared with responders after three years of observation. Conclusion: Discontinuing ChEI treatment solely for the absence of an initial response is not appropriate, especially in old-old subjects.
Sleepiness and Sleep-related Breathing Disorders in Myotonic Dystrophy and Responses to Treatment: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: West Sophie D. , Lochmüller Hanns , Hughes Joan , Atalaia Antonio , Marini-Bettolo Chiara , Baudouin Simon V. , Anderson Kirstie N. 
Published: November 2016

Objective: We conducted prospective assessments in people with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) with daytime sleepiness, provided targeted therapies and assessed response. Methods: Patients had overnight sleep assessments. Treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for OSA, non-invasive ventilation (NIV) for respiratory failure, modafinil for excessive daytime sleepiness were commenced. Results: 120 people were studied: mean age 46.9 years (SD 13.2, range 18–74), body mass index 27.9 kg/m2 (7.2, 16–53), Epworth Sleepiness Score (ESS) 13.1 (4.7, 2–24). Twenty one people (18% of group) had OSA: mean age 49.6, BMI 31.1, ESS 14.3, ODI 22, pO2 11.3, pCO2 5.4. All were offered CPAP; seven continued with benefit but 14 had intolerance or no benefit. Thirty-three people (27%) had respiratory failure and abnormal sleep study: mean age 51.5, BMI 31.3, ESS 13.9, ODI 22.9, pO2 8.7, pCO2 6.8. All were offered NIV; 12 continued with benefit but 18 had intolerance or no benefit, 1 died and 2 declined commencement. Thirty-six people (30%) had predominantly sleepiness: mean age 44.8, BMI 24.6, ESS 14.1, ODI 9.2, pO2 11.7, pCO2 5.4. All were offered modafinil; 12 continued this with benefit but 10 had intolerance or no benefit, one was unkeen to start, 11 did not attend further clinic and two had other sleep disorders. Comparing means of treatment responders to non-responders showed no significant difference in any variable, except ESS: 15.9 vs.11.9 respectively, p < 0.0001. Conclusions: Causes of sleepiness are variable in DM1, but include obstructive sleep apnoea, respiratory failure and sleepiness with a normal sleep study; 29% of this studied cohort benefited from targeted sleep therapies.
Unexpected properties of interaction of high-energy protons*
Authors: Dremin I M 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Experimental data on proton–proton interactions in high-energy collisions show that the elastic-to-inelastic scattering ratio varies in an unexpected way with the collision energy: the decrease at comparatively low energies is followed by an increase by a factor of over 1.5 (!) in the energy range from 11–60 GeV at the Intersecting Storage Rings (ISR) to 7–13 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Intuitive expectations are that, classically, proton break-up processes continue increasing in number compared to proton survivals. It can be assumed that this surprising effect is due to either the asymptotic freedom property or the collision time being extremely short at such high energies. The unquestionable unitarity principle is combined with the available elastic scattering data to gain new insight into the spatial shape of the interaction region of colliding protons. We discuss how this region evolves at energies currently used and make some predictions on its behavior at still higher energies under different assumptions concerning the relative roles of elastic scattering and inelastic processes. The shape can transform rather drastically if elastic processes keep increasing in proportion. There is an unexpected corollary to this unexpected property. The possible origins of the effect and its relation to strong interaction dynamics are discussed.
Contribution à l'étude des Blattaria de la Faune Malgache. II. Description de huit espèces nouvelles appartenant aux genres Gromphadorhina Brunner v.W. et Elliptorhina gen. nov
Authors: Van Herrewege Christian 
Published: November 2016

Après examen des espèces de blattes malgaches endémiques, précédemment incluses dans le genre Gromphadorhina, il est apparu que celles-ci appartenaient en fait à deux genres : Gromphadorhina s.s et Elliptorhina, gen. nov. Les deux genres peuvent être facilement distingués selon quatre critères : 1. -contours généraux du pronotum ; 2. -forme de l'excavation notale ; 3. -forme et position des tubercules du pronotum ; 4. -présence ou absence d'une carène transverse meso-faciale.
3 espèces nouvelles (oblongonota , picea et maxima ) ont été décrites dans Gromphadorhina Brunner v.W. et viennent s'ajouter à celles connues précédemment (portentosa et grandidieri).
5 espèces nouvelles (oblonga , lefeuvri, davidi, testacea et problematica) ont été décrites dans Elliptorhina et viennent s'ajouter à cinq autres décrites anté¬ rieurement dans le genre Gromphadorhina (laevigata javanica, coquereliana, chopardi et brunneri).
L'habitus, les vues latérales et perpendiculaires du pronotum ont été figurés pour chacun des sexes, lorsqu'ils sont connus. Des dessins des génitalia mâles ont été donnés pour illustrer la tribu des Gromphadorhinini dont une clé de détermination des genres a été élaborée.
Le gisement paléontologique et préhistorique de la rivière souterraine de Padirac (affluent R. de Joly), commune de Miers (Lot, France) : principaux résultats de l'expédition «Padirac 1985»
Authors: Philippe Michel , Jaubert Jacques , Rouzaud François 
Published: November 2016

In 1983, an important paleontological and prehistoric site was discovered in the karst system of Padirac (Lot, France). This paper gives the main consequences of the second scientific expedition in this cave (10 days running underground). The fauna is various and numerous. It seems to indicate a rissian age but the radiocarbon results do not correspond to this hypothesis, perhaps because of the addition of more recent bones. Stone tools give evidence of a Mousterian of the Acheulian Tradition.
The genesis of the deposit is explained by the carriage of bones and prehistoric stones in the course of the successive risings of the underground river.
OBSERVATIONS AND SIMULATIONS OF THE Na i D1 LINE PROFILES IN AN M-CLASS SOLAR FLARE
Authors: Kuridze D. , Mathioudakis M. , Christian D. J. , Kowalski A. F. , Jess D. B. , Grant S. D. T. , Kawate T. , Simões P. J. A. , Allred J. C. , Keenan F. P. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
We study the temporal evolution of the Na i D1 line profiles in the M3.9 flare SOL2014-06-11T21:03 UT, using observations at high spectral resolution obtained with the Interferometric Bidimensional Spectrometer instrument on the Dunn Solar Telescope combined with radiative hydrodynamic simulations. Our results show a significant increase in the intensities of the line core and wings during the flare. The analysis of the line profiles from the flare ribbons reveals that the Na i D1 line has a central reversal with excess emission in the blue wing (blue asymmetry). We combine RADYN and RH simulations to synthesize Na i D1 line profiles of the flaring atmosphere and find good agreement with the observations. Heating with a beam of electrons modifies the radiation field in the flaring atmosphere and excites electrons from the ground state 3s 2S to the first excited state 3p 2P, which in turn modifies the relative population of the two states. The change in temperature and the population density of the energy states make the sodium line profile revert from absorption into emission. Furthermore, the rapid changes in temperature break the pressure balance between the different layers of the lower atmosphere, generating upflow/downflow patterns. Analysis of the simulated spectra reveals that the asymmetries of the Na i D1 flare profile are produced by the velocity gradients in the lower solar atmosphere.
TRANSVERSE VELOCITY SHIFTS IN PROTOSTELLAR JETS: ROTATION OR VELOCITY ASYMMETRIES?
Authors: De Colle Fabio , Cerqueira Adriano H. , Riera Angels 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Observations of several protostellar jets show systematic differences in radial velocity transverse to the jet propagation direction that have been interpreted as evidence of rotation in the jets. In this paper we discuss the origin of these velocity shifts, and show that they could originate from rotation in the flow, or from side-to-side asymmetries in the shock velocity, which could be due to asymmetries in the jet ejection velocity/density or in the ambient medium. For typical poloidal jet velocities (∼100–200 km s−1), an asymmetry ≳10% can produce velocity shifts comparable to those observed. We also present three-dimensional numerical simulations of rotating, precessing, and asymmetric jets, and show that, even though for a given jet there is a clear degeneracy between these effects, a statistical analysis of jets with different inclination angles can help to distinguish between the alternative origins of transverse velocity shifts (TVSs). Our analysis indicates that side-to-side velocitiy asymmetries could represent an important contribution to TVSs, being the most important contributor for large jet inclination angles (with respect the the plane of the sky), and cannot be neglected when interpreting the observations.
BAYESIAN TECHNIQUES FOR COMPARING TIME-DEPENDENT GRMHD SIMULATIONS TO VARIABLE EVENT HORIZON TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Kim Junhan , Marrone Daniel P. , Chan Chi-Kwan , Medeiros Lia , Özel Feryal , Psaltis Dimitrios 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) is a millimeter-wavelength, very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) experiment that is capable of observing black holes with horizon-scale resolution. Early observations have revealed variable horizon-scale emission in the Galactic Center black hole, Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*). Comparing such observations to time-dependent general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations requires statistical tools that explicitly consider the variability in both the data and the models. We develop here a Bayesian method to compare time-resolved simulation images to variable VLBI data, in order to infer model parameters and perform model comparisons. We use mock EHT data based on GRMHD simulations to explore the robustness of this Bayesian method and contrast it to approaches that do not consider the effects of variability. We find that time-independent models lead to offset values of the inferred parameters with artificially reduced uncertainties. Moreover, neglecting the variability in the data and the models often leads to erroneous model selections. We finally apply our method to the early EHT data on Sgr A*.