bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Untersuchungen zum Brandverhalten EPS basierter Wärmedämmverbundsysteme bei Brandbeanspruchungen im Sockelbereich (Teil 1)
Authors: Kaudelka Sven , Hauswaldt Sebastian 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAufgrund einer Häufung von Brandereignissen an EPS‐basierten Wärmedämmverbundsysteme (WDVS) analysierte eine von der Bauministerkonferenz einberufene Projektgruppe gesammelte Brandereignisse. Im Ergebnis wurde festgestellt, dass brennende Abfallbehälter oder Kraftfahrzeuge im Sockelbereich von EPS‐basierten WDVS eine Gefahr darstellen können. Daraufhin wurde ein Forschungsvorhaben initiiert, das auszugsweise im Rahmen dieses Artikels als Teil 1 vorgestellt wird. Ziel war, das Brandverhalten dieser WDVS durch Brandbeanspruchungen von Außenbrandszenarien zu untersuchen. Dazu wurde ein Brandszenario („Sockelbrandszenario”) entwickelt, bei dem eine repräsentative Brandlast für realmaßstäbliche Großbrandversuche definiert wurde. In Folge der Brandprüfungen wurden konstruktive Brandschutzmaßnahmen an EPS‐basierten WDVS untersucht und für die Zulassung als schwerentflammbares WDVS zwingend vorgeschrieben. Das Sockelbrandszenario wird im Rahmen der Muster‐Verwaltungsvorschrift Technische Baubestimmungen (MVV TB) fest verankert. Dadurch wird die brandschutztechnische Untersuchung von WDVS auf Grundlage eines repräsentativen Brandszenarios ermöglicht. In Teil 2 wird eine Schutzzielbetrachtung vorgenommen. Lösungen sowie deren technische Umsetzbarkeit werden diskutiert.
Vorhangfassade auf Holzbasis – eine komplexe bauphysikalische Aufgabe
Authors: Tywoniak Jan , Volf Martin , Bureš Michal , Lupíšek Antonín , Staněk Kamil 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDer Beitrag befasst sich mit der Entwicklung einer Systemlösung für den Ersatz alter nichttragender Außenwände bei Nichtwohngebäuden aus den 1960er und 1970er Jahren. Die Hauptidee war, ein vorgefertigtes Produkt in moderner Holzbauweise zu entwickeln, um eine Alternative zu üblichen Metallbausystemen anzubieten. Es wurde bestätigt, dass ohne detaillierte bauphysikalische Analysen und Messungen eine erfolgreiche Entwicklung kaum möglich ist. Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit Wärmeschutz und Umweltperformance. Ergebnisse des langfristigen Monitorings und weitere wichtige bauphysikalische Aspekte (Feuchteschutz, Bauakustik, Brandschutz) werden zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt behandelt.
A comprehensive experiment for molecular biology: Determination of single nucleotide polymorphism in human REV3 gene using PCR–RFLP
Authors: Zhang Xu , Shao Meng , Gao Lu , Zhao Yuanyuan , Sun Zixuan , Zhou Liping , Yan Yongmin , Shao Qixiang , Xu Wenrong , Qian Hui 
Published: February 2017

AbstractLaboratory exercise is helpful for medical students to understand the basic principles of molecular biology and to learn about the practical applications of molecular biology. We have designed a lab course on molecular biology about the determination of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in human REV3 gene, the product of which is a subunit of DNA polymerase ζ and SNPs in this gene are associated with altered susceptibility to cancer. This newly designed experiment is composed of three parts, including genomic DNA extraction, gene amplification by PCR, and genotyping by RFLP. By combining these activities, the students are not only able to learn a series of biotechniques in molecular biology, but also acquire the ability to link the learned knowledge with practical applications. This comprehensive experiment will help the medical students improve the conceptual understanding of SNP and the technical understanding of SNP detection. © 2017 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 45(4):299–304, 2017.
Teaching fundamental concepts of coastal engineering using excel spreadsheet
Authors: Sana Ahmad 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTA Microsoft‐Excel spreadsheet was developed using Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) functions to calculate fundamental wave properties using linear wave theory, simple wave transformations, tidal elevations, tsunami travel time, wind wave growth parameters, design wave heights using Raleigh's probability distribution, breakwater dimensions, and longshore sediment transport rates. This spreadsheet was used in teaching an undergraduate coastal engineering course. The students were found to be motivated to study the subject matter with the help of VBA functions and develop their own applications in coastal engineering. This spreadsheet may be helpful to the practicing engineers as well for calculations relevant to some important wave parameters that are used in the design of coastal structures. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 25:304–310, 2017; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21798
The Carbon–Nitrogen Bonds in Ammonium Compounds Are Charge Shift Bonds
Authors: Gershoni‐Poranne Renana , Chen Peter 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA comprehensive investigation, utilizing valence‐bond‐ and molecular‐orbital‐based techniques, reveals that C−N bonds in protonated and methylated ammonium compounds are charge shift bonds. Moreover, the ammonium compounds are predominantly covalent at equilibrium distance, yet have two competing dissociation channels, which determine whether or not a state function crossing occurs during dissociation. The location of the crossing point can be predicted with relative ionization potentials, and may be tuned by altering the stabilization of the respective fragments. By closely examining the nature of the C−N bond as it is stretched, a correlation is observed between the extent of the charge shift nature and bond length. Identification of charge shift bonds in these ubiquitous organic species specifically affects understanding of their role in organocatalysis, in which the C−N bond is stretched.
Detecting Protein Sulfenylation in Cells Exposed to a Toxicant
Authors: Wages Phillip A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractProtein sulfenylation is a post‐translational modification that is linked to many cell signaling networks and specific protein functions, thus the detection of any sulfenylated protein after a toxicological exposure is of importance. Specifically, the detection of protein sulfenylation can provide multiple levels of mechanistic insight towards understanding the impact of a toxicological exposure. For instance, sulfenylation is caused by only a handful of reactive chemical species. Any altered sulfenylation suggests a change in cellular health, and the elucidation of the specific protein target that undergoes sulfenylation can help ascertain downstream targets and associated adverse outcomes. This document describes straightforward approaches to detect protein sulfenylation of total protein as well as individual proteins of interest with a focus on immunoblotting approaches. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Preparation of Specific Compartments of the Lungs for Pathologic and Biochemical Analysis of Toxicologic Responses
Authors: Van Winkle Laura S. , Kelty Jacklyn S. , Plopper Charles G. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis unit focuses on protocols for assessing microenvironment‐specific responses in the thoracic lung tissues. Aspects of the entire respiratory system serve as potential targets for candidate toxicants, but each candidate toxicant may impact distinct sites due to differential distribution of either the toxicant or the target cells. Within the conducting airways, the composition of resident cell populations and the metabolic capabilities of the cell populations vary greatly. Thus, studies of this region of the lung require unique, site‐selective methods to clearly define the toxic response. Without site‐specific sampling, as described in this chapter, the experimental limit of detection for toxicant effects in conducting airways is weakened because differences unrelated to treatment, but related to location, may dominate the response. The protocols included here allow assessment of toxicological responses in the tracheobronchial airways and the gas exchange area of the lung, with specific application to laboratory mammals. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Design of a low‐power high open‐loop gain operational amplifier for capacitively‐coupled instrumentation amplifiers
Authors: Prasopsin Pakorn , Wattanapanitch Woradorn 
Published: February 2017

SummaryWe present the design of a low‐power high open‐loop gain opamp for use in chopper‐stabilized capacitively coupled instrumentation amplifiers (CCIAs). The opamp utilizes the current‐reuse folded‐cascode topology and a low‐power gain‐boosting technique to maximize its power efficiency and open‐loop gain. The proposed technique is applied to the designs of two CCIAs: the conservative CCIA with a moderate current scaling ratio and the stringent CCIA with a very high current scaling ratio. Utilizing the current scaling ratio of 4:1, the conservative CCIA, designed and fabricated in a 0.18 μm CMOS process, consumes a total current of 1.69 μA from a 0.8‐V supply voltage and achieves a thermal noise floor of 56.5 nV/
. Utilizing the current scaling ratio of 38:1, the stringent CCIA, designed and simulated in a 0.13 μm CMOS process, consumes a total current of 1.4 μA and achieves a thermal noise floor of 48 nV/
. The proposed design technique should benefit the designs of low‐power instrumentation amplifiers in advanced processes in which channel‐length modulation and the limited current consumption and supply voltage make the designs of high open‐loop gain opamps difficult. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of soil C:N:P stoichiometry on biomass allocation in the alpine and arid steppe systems
Authors: Wang Xiaodan , Ma Xingxing , Yan Yan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSoil nutrients strongly influence biomass allocation. However, few studies have examined patterns induced by soil C:N:P stoichiometry in alpine and arid ecosystems. Samples were collected from 44 sites with similar elevation along the 220‐km transect at spatial intervals of 5 km along the northern Tibetan Plateau. Aboveground biomass (AGB) levels were measured by cutting a sward in each plot. Belowground biomass (BGB) levels were collected from soil pits in a block of 1 m × 1 m in actual root depth. We observed significant decreases in AGB and BGB levels but increases in the BGB:AGB ratio with increases in latitude. Although soil is characterized by structural complexity and spatial heterogeneity, we observed remarkably consistent C:N:P ratios within the cryic aridisols. We observed significant nonlinear relationships between the soil N:P and BGB:AGB ratios. The critical N:P ratio in soils was measured at approximately 2.0, above which the probability of BGB:AGB response to nutrient availability is small. These findings serve as interesting contributions to the global data pool on arid plant stoichiometry, given the previously limited knowledge regarding high‐altitude regions.
Phytoplankton response to whole lake inorganic N fertilization along a gradient in dissolved organic carbon
Authors: Deininger A. , Faithfull C. L. , Bergström A.‐K. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractGlobal change has increased inorganic nitrogen (N) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC; i.e., “browning”) inputs to northern hemisphere boreal lakes. However, we do not know how phytoplankton in nutrient poor lake ecosystems of different DOC concentration respond to increased N availability. Here, we monitored changes in phytoplankton production, biomass and community composition in response to whole lake inorganic N fertilization in six boreal unproductive Swedish lakes divided into three lake pairs (control, N enriched) at three DOC levels (low, medium, high), with one reference year (2011) and 2 impact yr (2012, 2013). We found that phytoplankton biomass and production decreased with DOC concentration before N fertilization. Further, phytoplankton community composition also differed with respect to DOC, with a dominance of non‐flagellated autotrophs at low DOC towards an increasing dominance of flagellated autotrophs with increased lake DOC concentration. The N fertilization increased phytoplankton biomass and production in all lakes, but did not affect phytoplankton community composition. However, the net response in biomass and production to N fertilization declined with increasing DOC, implying that the lake DOC concentration is critical in order to infer phytoplankton responses to N fertilization, and that the system switches from being primarily nutrient limited to becoming increasingly light limited with increased DOC concentration. In conclusion, our results show that browning will reduce phytoplankton production and biomass and influence phytoplankton community composition, whereas increased inorganic N loadings from deposition, forestry or other land use will primarily enhance phytoplankton biomass and production. Together, any change in the landscape that enhances inorganic N availability will increase phytoplankton production and biomass, but the positive effects of N will be much weaker or even neutralized in browner lakes as caused by light limitation.
Aerobic biodegradation of 2 fluorotelomer sulfonamide–based aqueous film–forming foam components produces perfluoroalkyl carboxylates
Authors: D'Agostino Lisa A. , Mabury Scott A. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

The biodegradation of 2 common fluorotelomer surfactants used in aqueous film forming foams (AFFFs), 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonamide alkylamine (FTAA) and 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonamide alkylbetaine (FTAB), was investigated over 109 d with aerobic wastewater-treatment plant (WWTP) sludge. Results show that biodegradation of 6:2 FTAA and 6:2 FTAB produces 6:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (FTOH), 6:2 fluorotelomer carboxylic acid (FTCA), 6:2 fluorotelomer unsaturated carboxylic acid (FTUCA), 5:3 FTCA, and short-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs). Additional degradation products included 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonamide (FTSAm), which was a major degradation product in the presence of either active or sterilized sludge, whereas 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (FTSA) production was measured with sterilized sludge only. Six additional degradation products were tentatively identified by quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (qTOF-MS) and attributed to N-dealkylation and oxidation of 6:2 FTAA. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2012–2021. © 2017 SETAC
Gray matter heritability in family‐based and population‐based studies using voxel‐based morphometry
Authors: van der Lee Sven J. , Roshchupkin Gennady V. , Adams Hieab H. H. , Schmidt Helena , Hofer Edith , Saba Yasaman , Schmidt Reinhold , Hofman Albert , Amin Najaf , van Duijn Cornelia M. , Vernooij Meike W. , Ikram M. Arfan , Niessen Wiro J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe combination of genetics and imaging has improved their understanding of the brain through studies of aggregate measures obtained from high‐resolution structural imaging. Voxel‐wise analyses have the potential to provide more detailed information of genetic influences on the brain. Here they report a large‐scale study of the heritability of gray matter at voxel resolution (1 × 1 × 1 mm).MethodsValidated voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) protocols were applied to process magnetic resonance imaging data of 3,239 unrelated subjects from a population‐based study and 491 subjects from two family‐based studies. Genome‐wide genetic data was used to estimate voxel‐wise gray matter heritability of the unrelated subjects and pedigree‐structure was used to estimate heritability in families. They subsequently associated two genetic variants, known to be linked with subcortical brain volume, with most heritable voxels to determine if this would enhance their association signals.ResultsVoxels significantly heritable in both estimates mapped to subcortical structures, but also voxels in the language areas of the left hemisphere were found significantly heritable. When comparing regional patterns of heritability, family‐based estimates were higher than population‐based estimates. However, regional consistency of the heritability measures across study designs was high (Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.73, P = 2.6 × 10−13). They further show enhancement of the association signal of two previously discovered genetic loci with subcortical volume by using only the most heritable voxels.ConclusionGray matter voxel‐wise heritability can be reliably estimated with different methods. Combining heritability estimates from multiple studies is feasible to construct reliable heritability maps of gray matter voxels. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2408–2423, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Plasma exchange in the intensive care unit: Technical aspects and complications
Authors: Lemaire Aurélie , Parquet Nathalie , Galicier Lionel , Boutboul David , Bertinchamp Rémi , Malphettes Marion , Dumas Guillaume , Mariotte Eric , Peraldi Marie‐Noëlle , Souppart Virginie , Schlemmer Benoit , Azoulay Elie , Canet Emmanuel 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundData on plasma exchange therapy in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting are scarce. We aimed to describe the technical aspects and the adverse events associated with the procedure in critically ill patients.MethodsAll adult patients treated by plasma exchange in the medical ICU of the Saint‐Louis university hospital between January 1, 2013 and March 31, 2015 were prospectively included.ResultsWe report on 260 plasma exchange procedures performed in 50 patients. The centrifugation technique was used for 159 (61%) procedures and the filtration technique for the other 101 (39%) procedures. Both techniques had similar efficacy to treat hyperviscosity syndrome (n = 18). Seventy (26.9%) of the 260 plasma exchange procedures were reported with at least one adverse reaction. Centrifugation and filtration techniques had similar rates of adverse reactions (23.9 vs. 31.7%, P = .19). Hypotension was the most reported (n = 21, 8%) and correlates with a low hematocrit before therapy. Most complications were related to allergic reactions to the replacement fluids. Coagulation disorders depended on the type of replacement fluid. The post‐exchange fibrinogen level was decreased by 54% [48;66] with albumin 5%, and 4% [−5;17] with plasma frozen within 24 h. Twenty‐three (22.8%) of the 101 filtration procedures experienced filter clotting. Filter clotting was associated with a higher volume exchange prescribed when compared to procedures without filter clotting (4600 [4000;5000] ml vs. 3900 [3600;4800] ml, P < .01).ConclusionPlasma exchange is a relatively safe and generally well‐tolerated procedure in the ICU setting. Most adverse events are unpredictable and related to minor allergic reactions.
Bioelectrical impedance analysis for diagnosing sarcopenia and cachexia: what are we really estimating?
Authors: Gonzalez Maria Cristina , Heymsfield Steven B. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAs reference methods are not available for identifying low skeletal muscle mass in clinical practice, the European Group on Sarcopenia in Older People the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia and the International Consensus for Cancer Cachexia guidelines accept bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) as an option for sarcopenia and cachexia assessment. Using different BIA equations, several components that represent ‘muscularity’ can be assessed. Total skeletal muscle mass or appendicular skeletal muscle mass normalized in relation to height (skeletal muscle mass index or appendicular skeletal muscle index, respectively) is the most common term used in the consensus. These terms are similar, but they should not be used as synonymous. Both terms can be used to define sarcopenia, but adequate equations and cut‐off values should be used according to the studied population. However, there is a disagreement between the sarcopenia definition assessed by using BIA from the European Group on Sarcopenia in Older People and Cachexia Consensus, and this can lead to an overestimation of sarcopenia and, consequently, cachexia. An effort should be made to standardize the terminology employed by the Societies to define low muscularity and sarcopenia by using BIA. Future validation studies may show the need for specific cut‐off values for each population using this method.
Static osteogenesis does not precede dynamic osteogenesis in periosteal ossification of Pleurodeles (Caudata, Amphibia) and Pogona (Squamata, Lepidosauria)
Authors: Cubo Jorge , Hui Mylaine , Clarac François , Quilhac Alexandra 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTwo successive mechanisms have been described in perichondral ossification: (1) in static osteogenesis, mesenchymal cells differentiate into stationary osteoblasts oriented randomly, which differentiate into osteocytes in the same site; (2) in dynamic osteogenesis, mesenchymal cells differentiate into osteoblasts that are all oriented in the same direction and move back as they secrete collagen fibers. This study is aimed at testing the hypothesis that the ontogenetic sequence static then dynamic osteogenesis observed in the chicken and in the rabbit is homologous and was acquired by the last common ancestor of amniotes or at a more inclusive node. For this we analyze the developmental patterns of Pleurodeles (Caudata, Amphibia) and those of the lizard Pogona (Squamata, Lepidosauria). We processed Pleurodeles larvae and Pogona embryos, prepared thin and ultrathin sections of appendicular bones, and analyzed them using light and transmission electron microscopy. We show that static osteogenesis does not precede dynamic osteogenesis in periosteal ossification of Pleurodeles and Pogona. Therefore, the null hypothesis is rejected and according to the parsimony method the ontogenetic sequence observed in the chicken and in the rabbit are convergent. In Pleurodeles and Pogona dynamic osteogenesis occur without a previous rigid mineralized framework, whereas in the chicken and in the rabbit dynamic osteogenesis seems to take place over a mineralized support whether bone (in perichondral ossification) or calcified cartilage (in endochondral ossification). Interestingly, in typical dynamic osteogenesis, osteoblasts show an axis (basal nucleus—distal endoplasmic reticulum) perpendicular to the front of secreted unmineralized bone matrix, whereas in Pleurodeles and Pogona this axis is parallel to the bone matrix.
Comparison of natural and finite element interpolation functions behavior
Authors: Gonçalves B.M.F. , Afonso M.M. , Coppoli E.H.R. , Ramdane B. , Marechal Y. , Vollaire C. , Krähenbühl L. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn this paper, the interpolation functions behavior of the natural element method (NEM) and the finite element method (FEM) are compared. It is discussed how the unknown in both methods affects the stiffness matrix and contributes to NEM better accuracy. The visibility criterion and the constrained NEM are also addressed, and a pseudoalgorithm is proposed to implement the constrained Voronoï diagram, which is the base for the constrained NEM. A complex heterogeneous magnetic problem is solved by both FEM and NEM methods and their solutions are compared. It is shown that for the same discretization, the number of contributions for NEM is in general bigger than those related to the FEM and better accuracy results for NEM.