bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Visual Function Outcomes of Congenital Cataract Surgery with Intraocular Lens Implantation in Children under 5 Years of Age
Authors: Hussin Hussin M. , Markham Richard 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the long-term visual function outcomes of intraocular lens (IOL) implantation after congenital cataract surgery in children. Methods Forty children who had congenital cataract surgery with IOL implantation and at least 5 years follow-up and were 5 years or younger at the time of surgery were included. There were 18 children in the bilateral cataract group (36 pseudophakic eyes) and 22 children in the unilateral cataract group (22 pseudophakic eyes). The examination for the prospective part of this study included the recording of visual acuity, refraction, stereopsis, and intraocular pressures; preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative details were obtained from the notes. Results Mean final best-corrected visual acuity for the bilateral group was 0.57 logMAR (range 0.18– 1.06) and for the unilateral group 0.91 logMAR (range 0.18–1.40). Nystagmus was recorded in 10 children (56%) of the bilateral group and 5 children (23%) of the unilateral group. Strabismus was recorded in 14 children (78%) of the bilateral group and 19 children (86%) of the unilateral group. Glaucoma was diagnosed in one child. There was a significant myopic shift in the unilateral group. Conclusions Reasonably good postoperative visual acuity was achieved in the bilateral cataracts group, but relatively poor acuity in the unilateral cataract group. Poor stereopsis was recorded in both groups. One child developed glaucoma. None of the children developed retinal detachment. The expected myopic shift in the unilateral group compared with the bilateral group was demonstrated. Elective primary capsulotomy and elective anterior vitrectomy are mandatory to keep a clear visual axis. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2009; 19: 754–61)
Visual Function, Optic Nerve Structure, and Ocular Blood Flow Parameters after 1 Year of Glaucoma Treatment with Fixed Combinations
Authors: Januleviciene Ingrida , Ehrlich Rita , Siesky Brent , Nedzelskiené Irena , Harris Alon 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To compare the effects of latanoprost/timolol (LTFC) versus dorzolamide/timolol (DTFC) fixed combinations on intraocular pressure (IOP), visual function, and retrobulbar blood flow in patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG). Methods This was a prospective, randomized, double masked, parallel study on 30 patients with OAG. All patients received 4 weeks of timolol treatment prior to randomization to LTFC or DTFC treatment. Measurements after randomization were taken at 1, 6, and 12 months, including arterial blood pressure; IOP; color Doppler imaging of the ophthalmic artery (OA), central retinal artery, and short posterior ciliary artery (SPCA); scanning laser polarimetry; Humphrey visual field examination; and adverse events. Results IOP decreased by 5.0 mmHg in the DTFC cohort (p<0.000) and 5.44 mmHg in the LTFC cohort (p=0.0001) after 12 months of treatment. No statistically significant differences in visual field or nerve fiber layer thickness were observed between the treatment groups during 12 months of therapy. Mean increase over 1 year of treatment in ocular perfusion and diastolic perfusion pressures were 10.46% and 10.67% in the DTFC group and 7.47% and 5.61% in the LTFC group, respectively. OA resistive index (RI) and SPCA RI were significantly different at the 12 months visit between the two treatment groups (p=0.05 and p=0.000, respectively): DTFC treatment showed decrease in the RI. Conclusions One year of treatment with LTFC or DTFC resulted in similar IOP lowering effects as well as stable visual function and structure. The DTFC group showed lower vascular resistance in retrobulbar vessels compared to the LTFC group. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2009; 19: 790–7)
Incidence, Clinical Features, Causative Organisms, and Visual Outcomes of Delayed-Onset Pseudophakic Endophthalmitis
Authors: Al-Mezaine Hani S. , Al-Assiri Abdullah , Al-Rajhi Ali A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report the incidence, clinical features, causative organisms, and visual outcomes associated with delayed-onset pseudophakic endophthalmitis. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records and microbiology files of all patients with culture-proven endophthalmitis that was present 6 weeks or more after cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation who were treated at King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital (KKESH) during a 10-year period. Results From January 1997 through December 2006, 17 patients with culture-proven, delayed-onset pseudophakic endophthalmitis were treated at KKESH. Of the 17 cases, only 5 cases developed delayed-onset endophthalmitis, among 29,509 cataract surgeries performed at KKESH, indicating an incidence rate of 0.017% (5/29,509). The mean time between cataract surgery and diagnosis of endophthalmitis was 5±2.48 months. The culture isolates revealed Propionibacterium acnes in 7 (41.2%) eyes, polymicrobial (mixed) infections in 3 (17.6%) eyes, Staphylococcus species in 3 (17.6 %) eyes, fungal infections in 3 (17.6%) eyes, and Alcaligenes xylosoxidans in 1 (5.9%) eye. The mean follow-up period was 29.8 months. The final visual outcomes were as follows: 7 eyes (41.2%) achieved a final best-corrected visual acuity of ≥ 20/60; 6 eyes (35.3%) achieved a best-corrected visual acuity of <20/60 to ≥ count fingers; 2 eyes (11.8%) had hand motion to light perception vision; and 2 eyes (11.8%) were enucleated. Conclusions In this study, infection by P acnes was the most common cause of delayed-onset pseudophakic endophthalmitis and had the most favorable visual outcome, whereas fungal endophthalmitis had the worst visual prognosis. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2009; 19: 804–11)
Optical Coherence Tomography in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Compared to Fluorescein Angiography and Visual Acuity
Authors: Henschel Andreas , Spital Georg , Lommatzsch Albrecht , Pauleikhoff Daniel 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To assess the sensitivity and specificity of optical coherence tomography (OCT) for monitoring patients with choroidal neovascularization (CNV) after photodynamic therapy (PDT) in comparison to fluorescein angiography (FA). Methods Prospective study of 14 patients with CNV secondary to age-related macular degeneration receiving PDT. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), fluorescein angiography, and OCT (Zeiss Stratus OCT3) were performed before and at 2, 6, 12, and 24 weeks after treatment. FA images were assessed for leakage and presence of subretinal or intraretinal fluid was assessed on OCT images. Retinal thickness was measured automatically. OCT sensitivity and specificity levels for detecting leaking CNV were calculated. Retinal thickness was correlated with visual acuity. Results Mean follow-up time was 14.1 weeks. Sixty-one OCT/FA examinations were analyzed. Thirty-one examinations presented leakage (51%). OCT showed intraretinal fluid in 46 (75%) and subretinal fluid in 30 cases (49%). In 49 cases (80%), either intraretinal or subretinal fluid was present. Sensitivity for detecting intraretinal fluid in OCT was 90% (specificity 40%) and 71% (specificity 73%) for subretinal fluid. Combined sensitivity for intraretinal or subretinal fluid was 97% (specificity 37%). Increased central foveal thickness correlated with decreased BCVA. Correlations were significant (p<0.05). Conclusions OCT showed good sensitivity in detecting active CNV. Specificity was only moderate. Central foveal thickness correlated negatively with visual acuity. Owing to different aspects of active CNV shown by FA and OCT, OCT should be combined with other examinations, and may not substitute FA for indication/reindication of PDT but can be a valuable addition in difficult cases. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2009; 19: 831–5)
Macular Pigment Optical Density Relates to Foveal Thickness
Authors: Van Der Veen Rob L.P. , Ostendorf Saskia , Hendrikse Fred , Berendschot Tos T.J.M. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Macular pigment is composed of 2 dietary carotenoids, lutein and zeaxanthin, and is mainly present at the nerve fiber layers and ganglion cell layers of the retina, with peak concentrations in the fovea. It is thought to function as a blue-light filter and antioxidant, and therefore protect the retina from damaging influences that are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. This study was performed to investigate the suggested positive relationship between foveal macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and foveal retinal thickness. Methods We determined MPOD and foveal thickness in the right eyes of 40 healthy Caucasian subjects (5 men, 35 women) recruited at the University of Maastricht, The Netherlands. Their mean age was 24.4±8.7 years. MPOD was determined by using a novel method of heterochromatic flicker photometry (HFP), where subjects have to detect flicker instead of conventionally minimizing a present flicker motion. Foveal thickness parameters were obtained using optical coherence tomography (OCT 3). Results We found a positively significant correlation between MPOD and central foveal thickness (r=0.359, p=0.027). In addition, we found a negatively significant correlation between foveal thickness and foveal width (r=–0.558, p<0.001). Conclusions Our data confirm the previously suggested positively significant correlation between MPOD and central foveal thickness. The observed negative relationship between foveal thickness and foveal width may be explained by eccentric scans on the OCT. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2009; 19: 836–41)
Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Activity in the Bevacizumab and Triamcinolone Acetonide Combination for Intravitreal Use
Authors: Giammaria Daniele , Cinque Benedetta , Di Lodovico Domenico , Cristina Savastano Maria , Grazia Cifone Maria , Spadea Leopoldo 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To find out if the combination for intravitreal use of the antibody bevacizumab (AvastinTM; Genentech, Inc., San Francisco, CA) and triamcinolone acetonide (TA) (Kenacort®; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Anagni, Italy) could affect over time the anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) activity of bevacizumab. Methods Two different combined preparations were obtained, drawing up together 1.25 mg/0.05 mL of bevacizumab and 2 mg/0.05 mL (B+TA2mg) or 4 mg/0.05 mL (B+TA4mg) of TA into insulin syringes with 29-G needle. Control preparations were obtained with bevacizumab and an injectable solution (B). The syringes were stored refrigerated at 4°C. The bevacizumab concentration was measured, through its binding to VEGF-165 isoform, at 48 hours and at 1 week. Results No preparations showed statistically significant changes in bevacizumab concentration with time (p=0.74 for B+T2mg, p=0.92 for B+T4mg, p=0.57 for B). The B+TA2mg preparations showed a larger percentage of degradation of bevacizumab than the B+TA4mg preparations (28.4% versus 17.6% at 48 hours; 26.4% versus 18% at 1 week). The B control preparations showed the lowest drug degradation: 9.6% at 48 hours and 14.8% at 1 week. Conclusions After storage at 4°C for 48 hours and 1 week, the combined preparations showed a larger reduction in bevacizumab concentration than the control preparations. No significant change was observed with the length of storage. The preparations obtained mixing 4 mg/0.05 mL of TA and 1.25 mg/0.05 mL of bevacizumab maintained the highest anti-VEGF activity over time. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2009; 19: 842–7)
Topical Bevacizumab for Corneal Neovascularization after Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Saxena Sandeep , Kishore Poonam , Pandey Sukant , Khattri Mohit , Kumar Dipak 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of topical bevacizumab for corneal neovascularization in graft rejection. Methods A 55-year-old man presented with corneal neovascularization and graft rejection 6 months following penetrating keratoplasty (triple procedure) in the left eye. His best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was counting fingers at 1 meter. He was administered topical bevacizumab (4 mg/4 mL) in a dose of one drop twice a day for 15 days. No adjunct therapy was given during bevacizumab administration. Results After 1 month, his BCVA improved to 20/120. Corneal vascularization and stromal haze regressed. After 6 months, his BCVA improved to 20/60 with further regression in corneal vascularization and stromal haze. At 9-month follow-up, he maintained BCVA of 20/60. Conclusions Short-term topical bevacizumab therapy may potentially offer a safer and more effective alternative in treating graft rejection after penetrating keratoplasty. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2009; 19: 870–2)
T-Shaped Pigmentary Changes in Tilted Disk Syndrome
Authors: Yves Cohen Salomon , Dubois Lise , Ayrault Sandrine , Quentel Gabriel 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Many complications associated with tilted disk syndrome may occur in the area bordering on the inferior staphyloma, including macular pigmentary changes, choroidal neovascularization, macular serous retinal detachment, polypoidal choroidal vascular anomalies, and radially orientated chorioretinal folds. The purpose of the present article is to describe an additional complication, Tshaped pigmentary changes, orientated radially from the border of the inferior staphyloma, in eyes with tilted disk syndrome.. Methods Retrospective series of 6 eyes of 6 patients (3 men and 3 women) aged from 35 to 67 years. All eyes were studied by fluorescein angiography. Results All 6 eyes exhibited pigmentary changes located along the border of the staphyloma, and also radially to it, giving a particular T-shaped pattern of pigmentary changes. These changes were visible as either a linear strip or a triangular or oval-shaped area. Three eyes had a documented history of subretinal leakage that mimicked central serous chorioretinopathy, a well-known complication of tilted disk syndrome. Conclusions T-shaped pigmentary changes may develop in the course of tilted disk syndrome, and should be added to the list of this syndrome's possible retinal complications. These changes may indicate the presence of chronic leakage in the area around the superior border of the inferior staphyloma (Eur J Ophthalmol 2009; 19: 876–9).
Foveal Geographic Atrophy following Intravitreal Pegaptanib Sodium (Macugen) for Drusenoid Pigment Epithelium Detachment
Authors: Querques Giuseppe , Bux Anna V. , Delle Noci Nicola 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To describe a patient with nonexudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) who underwent intravitreal pegaptanib sodium injection for drusenoid pigment epithelium detachment (PED). Methods A 66-year-old woman, who underwent intravitreal pegaptanib sodium injection in her right eye (RE) for chronic serous drusenoid PED, was submitted to a complete ophthalmologic examination, including fundus biomicroscopy, fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), and optical coherence tomography (OCT-3, Humphrey-Zeiss, San Leandro, CA), 3 days and 1 month after the treatment. Results Three days after the intravitreal pegaptanib sodium injection, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/32 in the RE. One month later, the patient's BCVA dropped to 20/200 in the RE. Interestingly, fundus biomicroscopy, FA, OCT, and ICGA revealed the development of foveal geographic atrophy. Fundus-related perimetry (MP-1 Micro Perimeter, Nidek Technologies, Padova, Italy) revealed an eccentric and unstable fixation within 2° with central absolute scotoma and pericentral diffuse reduction of sensitivity. Conclusions The rapid development of foveal geographic atrophy in our patient may be related to the antivascular endothelial growth factor treatment, in part because of the reduced neuroprotective effect, and in part because of the adjunctive decreased blood flow in an already imbalanced foveal choroidal circulation due to AMD complicated by chronic serous drusenoid PED. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2009; 19: 890–3)
Corneal Higher-Order Aberrations in Amblyopia
Authors: Plech Agata R. , Piñero David P. , Laria Carlos , Alesón Alicia , Alió Jorge L. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To investigate the amount, type, and role of corneal higher order aberrations in both isotropic and anisometropic amblyopic adult patients. Methods A total of 125 eyes of 78 patients with age ranging from 18 to 67 years (30 patients with unilateral amblyopia, 17 with bilateral amblyopia, and 31 normal eyes considered as the control group) were included. All eyes received a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination that included corneal topographic and aberrometric analysis with the CSO system. The aberrometric study was performed for a 6-mm pupil using different root mean square (RMS) parameters. Additionally, the ocular residual astigmatism (ORA) was also calculated and analyzed. A comparative analysis of the refractive and aberrometric data between groups was performed. Results In the unilateral amblyopia group, statistically significant differences between the amblyopic and non-amblyopic eye were found in cylinder (p=0.003), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (p<0.001), total RMS (p=0.015), and astigmatic RMS (p=0.019). Statistically significant differences between the bilateral amblyopia and control groups were observed in sphere (p=0.025), cylinder (p=0.005), and BCVA (p <0.001). When comparing isometropic and anisometropic bilateral amblyopic eyes, significant differences in total (p=0.025) and astigmatic RMS (p=0.013) were detected. Higher but nonsignificant amounts of primary coma were found in isometropic eyes (0.25 μm anisometropic vs 0.43 μm isometropic, p=0.09). Regarding the ORA, no significant differences between groups were found (p≥0.224). Conclusions In unilateral and bilateral amblyopia, lower order aberrations are the main refractive factors leading to amblyopia. Higher order aberrations could have a bilateral amblyogenic effect in those cases where isometropia is present.
Effect of Recipient Corneal Pathology on Pascal Tonometer and Goldmann Tonometer Readings in Eyes after Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Papastergiou Georgios I. , Kozobolis Vasilios , Siganos Dimithos S. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To assess the influence of recipient corneal pathology on the performance of the Pascal dynamic contour tonometer (PDCT) (Swiss Microtechnology AG) by comparing it to Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) in post-penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) eyes. Methods Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured in 40 post-PKP eyes of 40 patients using PDCT and GAT. The study patients were divided into two groups. Group A included patients who had undergone PKP for ectatic corneal disorders (keratoconus, n=20) and group B included patients who had undergone PKP for other non-ectatic corneal disorders (Fuchs, post-corneal ulcer, post-chemical burn, post-trauma, n=20). Keratometric measurements were obtained in all eyes using Orbscan II (Bausch & Lomb) and central corneal thickness (CCT) was measured using Corneo-Gaze Plus (Sonogaze). Results In group B, a correlation between PDCT and GAT IOP measurements was observed. In group A, GAT IOP measurements were significantly lower than PDCT measurements (3.7±1.8 mmHg, p<0.001). Additionally, CCT affected GAT IOP measurements much more than PDCT measurements, while corneal curvature did not significantly affect IOP measurements of any instrument in either group. Conclusions In post-PKP eyes, PDCT appears to be less influenced than GAT by CCT and pre-existing recipient corneal pathology. Therefore, PDCT may be better suited for monitoring IOP in post-PKP eyes.
VEGF TrapR1R2 Suppresses Experimental Corneal Angiogenesis
Authors: Oliveira Hailton B. , Sakimoto Tohru , Javier Joel A.D. , Azar Dimitri T. , Wiegand Stanley J. , Jain Sandeep , Chang Jin-Hong 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To determine the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) TrapR1R2 on bFGF-induced experimental corneal neovascularization (NV). Methods Control pellets or pellets containing 80 ng bFGF were surgically implanted into wild-type C57BL/6 and VEGF-LacZ mouse corneas. The corneas were photographed, harvested, and the percentage of corneal NV was calculated. The harvested corneas were evaluated for VEGF expression. VEGF-LacZ mice received tail vein injections of an endothelial-specific lectin after pellet implantation to determine the temporal and spatial relationship between VEGF expression and corneal NV. Intraperitoneal injections of VEGF TrapR1R2 or a human IgG Fc domain control protein were administered, and bFGF pellet-induced corneal NV was evaluated. Results NV of the corneal stroma began on day 4 and was sustained through day 21 following bFGF pellet implantation. Progression of vascular endothelial cells correlated with increased VEGF-LacZ expression. Western blot analysis showed increased VEGF expression in the corneal NV zone. Following bFGF pellet implantation, the area of corneal NV in untreated controls was 1.05±0.12 mm2 and 1.53±0.27 mm2 at days 4 and 7, respectively. This was significantly greater than that of mice treated with VEGF Trap (0.24±0.11 mm2 and 0.35±0.16 mm2 at days 4 and 7, respectively; p<0.05). Conclusions Corneal keratocytes express VEGF after bFGF stimulation and bFGF-induced corneal NV is blocked by intraperitoneal VEGF TrapR1R2 administration. Systemic administration of VEGF TrapR1R2 may have potential therapeutic applications in the management of corneal NV.
EpiLASIK with Mitomycin C
Authors: Von Mohrenfels Christoph Winkler , Khoramnia Ramin , Maier Mathias , Lohmann Chris P. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Mitomycin C after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) is used to reduce the development of haze and regression in higher intended corrections. The aim of this study was to investigate the safety, stability, and efficacy of EpiLASIK with mitomycin C. Methods Fifty eyes of 29 patients underwent EpiLASIK with the Gebauer EpiLift microkeratome. The mean preoperative spherical equivalent was −6.89 D (SD ±0.63, range −6.0 to −8.0 D). After the laser ablation, mitomycin C 0.02% was applied for 30 seconds on a sterile filter paper. Preoperatively and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery, a full ophthalmic examination was performed. Results In 42 of 50 eyes, the bandage contact lens was removed at day 3. Twelve months after surgery, 96% of all eyes were within ±1.0 D and 82% were within ±0.5 D of intended correction. Five percent of all patients lost 1 line of best-corrected Snellen visual acuity, 42% were stable, and 56% gained 1 or more lines. In most patients, the cornea was clear during the whole follow-up, and in 10% only trace haze was visible. The uncorrected visual acuity was at least 1.0 in 86% of all patients, and all patients reached 0.5. Conclusions EpiLASIK with mitomycin C with higher intended corrections seems to be an effective and safe procedure. With the application of mitomycin C, only minimal haze appears.