bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co‐processing bio‐oil in the refinery for drop‐in biofuels via fluid catalytic cracking
Authors: Stefanidis Stylianos D. , Kalogiannis Konstantinos G. , Lappas Angelos A. 
Published: December 2017

Pyrolysis oil from lignocellulosic biomass (bio‐oil) is a promising renewable energy carrier that can be utilized for the production of second‐generation drop‐in biofuels. Co‐processing bio‐oil with petroleum feeds in existing refinery processes, such as fluid catalytic cracking (FCC), has been proposed as a cost‐effective way of transitioning to the production of such biofuels without the need for significant capital‐intensive investments. Several routes are available for the production of bio‐oil, such as fast pyrolysis of biomass (raw bio‐oil), catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass (catalytic pyrolysis oil, CPO), and fast pyrolysis of biomass followed by hydrogenation of the produced bio‐oil (hydrodeoxygenated oil, HDO). Research has shown that co‐processing raw bio‐oil is challenging but it can be carried out after adoption of appropriate reactor modifications in the commercial scale. A significant body of work has also focused on the co‐processing of HDO and CPO, and has demonstrated that these types of bio‐oil can be co‐processed with less operational issues. Co‐processing bio‐oil results in a liquid hydrocarbon product that contains only a small amount of oxygenates from bio‐oil. A noticeable increase in coke formation is also observed when bio‐oil is introduced in the FCC feed. However, this increase is lower than what would be expected from the conversion of the pure bio‐oil fraction. This has been attributed to the presence of the petroleum feed, which has a beneficial synergistic effect on the cracking of bio‐oil due to hydrogen donation reactions that inhibit coke formation and promote the conversion of the oxygenates to liquid hydrocarbons.This article is categorized under:

Energy and Climate > Climate and Environment
Bioenergy > Systems and Infrastructure
Bioenergy > Economics and Policy
Breast Cancer Genetics Knowledge and Testing Intentions among Nigerian Professional Women
Authors: Ngene Samuel O. , Adedokun Babatunde , Adejumo Prisca , Olopade Olufunmilayo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractGenetic testing services for breast cancer are well established in developed countries compared to African populations that bear a disproportionate burden of breast cancer (BC). The objective of this study is to examine the knowledge of professional Nigerian women about BC genetics and their intentions to utilize genetic testing services when it is made available in Nigeria. In this study, 165 lecturers and 189 bankers were recruited and studied using a validated self‐administered questionnaire. The respondents’ mean age was 34.9 years (SD = 10.9), 6.5% had family history of BC, and 84.7% had limited knowledge of breast cancer genetics. The proportion of women with genetic testing intentions for breast cancer was 87.3%. Health care access (OR = 2.35, 95% CI, 1.07–5.13), religion (OR = 3.51, 95% CI, 1.03–11.92), and perceived personal risk if a close relative had breast cancer (OR = 2.31, 95% CI, 1.05–5.08) independently predicted testing intentions. The genetic testing intentions for BC were high despite limited knowledge about breast cancer genetics. Promotion of BC genetics education as well as efforts to make BC genetic testing services available in Nigeria at reduced cost remains essential.
Development of smart machining system for optimizing feedrates to minimize machining time
Authors: Park Hong-seok , Qi Bowen , Dang Duck-Viet , Park Dae Yu 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Feedrate optimization is an important aspect of getting shorter machining time and increase the potential of efficient machining. This paper presents an autonomous machining system and optimization strategies to predict and improve the performance of milling operations. The machining process was simulated and analyzed in virtual machining framework to extract cutter-workpiece engagement conditions. Cutting force along the cutting segmentation is evaluated based on the laws of mechanics of milling. In simulation, constraint-based optimization scheme was used to maximize the cutting force by calculating acceptable feedrate levels as the optimizing strategy. The intelligent algorithm was integrated into autonomous machining system to modify NC program to accommodate these new feedrates values. The experiment using optimized NC file which generates by our smart machining system were conducted. The result showed autonomous machining system, was effectively reduced 26%.
Highlights The smart machining system was implemented in the CNC machine. Optimal feed rates enhance machine tool efficiency. The smart machining system is reliable to reduce machine time.
A Census of Southern Pulsars at 185 MHz
Authors: Xue Mengyao , Bhat N. D. R. , Tremblay S. E. , Ord S. M. , Sobey C. , Swainston N. A. , Kaplan D. L. , Johnston Simon , Meyers B. W. , McSweeney S. J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe Murchison Widefield Array, and its recently developed Voltage Capture System, facilitates extending the low-frequency range of pulsar observations at high-time and -frequency resolution in the Southern Hemisphere, providing further information about pulsars and the ISM. We present the results of an initial time-resolved census of known pulsars using the Murchison Widefield Array. To significantly reduce the processing load, we incoherently sum the detected powers from the 128 Murchison Widefield Array tiles, which yields ~10% of the attainable sensitivity of the coherent sum. This preserves the large field-of-view (~450 deg2 at 185 MHz), allowing multiple pulsars to be observed simultaneously. We developed a WIde-field Pulsar Pipeline that processes the data from each observation and automatically folds every known pulsar located within the beam. We have detected 50 pulsars to date, 6 of which are millisecond pulsars. This is consistent with our expectation, given the telescope sensitivity and the sky coverage of the processed data (~17 000 deg2). For 10 pulsars, we present the lowest frequency detections published. For a subset of the pulsars, we present multi-frequency pulse profiles by combining our data with published profiles from other telescopes. Since the Murchison Widefield Array is a low-frequency precursor to the Square Kilometre Array, we use our census results to forecast that a survey using the low-frequency component of the Square Kilometre Array Phase 1 can potentially detect around 9 400 pulsars.
Full-plate modelling in pre-Jurassic time
Authors: DOMEIER MATHEW , TORSVIK TROND H. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA half-century has passed since the dawning of the plate tectonic revolution, and yet, with rare exception, palaeogeographic models of pre-Jurassic time are still constructed in a way more akin to Wegener's paradigm of continental drift. Historically, this was due to a series of problems – the near-complete absence of in situ oceanic lithosphere older than 200 Ma, a fragmentary history of the latitudinal drift of continents, unconstrained longitudes, unsettled geodynamic concepts and a lack of efficient plate modelling tools – which together precluded the construction of plate tectonic models. But over the course of the last five decades strategies have been developed to overcome these problems, and the first plate model for pre-Jurassic time was presented in 2002. Following on that pioneering work, but with a number of significant improvements (most notably longitude control), we here provide a recipe for the construction of full-plate models (including oceanic lithosphere) for pre-Jurassic time. In brief, our workflow begins with the erection of a traditional (or ‘Wegenerian’) continental rotation model, but then employs basic plate tectonic principles and continental geology to enable reconstruction of former plate boundaries, and thus the resurrection of lost oceanic lithosphere. Full-plate models can yield a range of testable predictions that can be used to critically evaluate them, but also novel information regarding long-term processes that we have few (or no) alternative means of investigating, thus providing exceptionally fertile ground for new exploration and discovery.
Evaluating host–parasite co-adaptation relationships involving Angiostrongylus costaricensis
Authors: Garrido C.T. , Morassutti A.L. , Barradas J.R.S. , Graeff-Teixeira C. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAngiostrongylus costaricensis is a parasite that infects rodents, including the wild cotton rat Sigmodon hispidus and pygmy rice rats Oligoryzomys spp., among others. However, urban Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus have not been identified as important hosts of A. costaricensis. In this study, Swiss mice (SW), Wistar R. norvegicus (RN), wild Oligoryzomys nigripes (ON) and a local strain of M. musculus (RGS) were experimentally infected with A. costaricensis. Survival, elimination of L1 (total sum per group, A0), and the number of adult worms recovered divided by the dose of each L3 inoculum (yield ratio, YR) were examined for each group after a 40-day post-infection period. The survival rates, A0 and YR values were: 27%, 207,589 and 0.42 for the SW group; 81%, 8691 and 0.01 for the RN group; and 63.6%, 26,560 and 0.16 for the RGS group, respectively, in each case. The survival rate for the ON group was 100% and the A0 value was 847,050. A YR was not calculated for the ON group since the ON group was maintained up to 565 days post-infection (pi) to examine long-term mortality. At 500 days pi (16 months), 50% of the ON group had died, while one animal (10%) survived 595 days pi (20 months). Taken together, these data indicate that A. costaricensis has undergone a greater degree of adaptation to the wild rodent, O. nigripes, than to R. norvegicus or a local M. musculus strain. In addition, titre curve (A0) modelling of adaptation status proved to be useful in evaluating A. costaricensis–rodent interactions.
Love and the Pitfall of Moralism
Authors: Pacovská Kamila 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn what sense does love presuppose appreciation of the other's character? First, I argue that loving appreciation is more often a source of truthful vision than of bias and idealisation. Second, using the example of Elizabeth Bennett, I show that the tendency to forfeit love for those who lose our good opinion can be an expression of undue moralism and pride. Nonjudgmental responses to the other's flaws show how virtuous love can combine both realistic vision of the other's flaws and appreciation of the other that does not stand on balancing flaws with qualities. Such love is in the end connected with a conception of goodness inspired by Kierkegaard and Weil.
Comparative efficacy and acceptability of pharmacological treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder in adults: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Cipriani Andrea , Williams Taryn , Nikolakopoulou Adriani , Salanti Georgia , Chaimani Anna , Ipser Jonathan , Cowen Phil J. , Geddes John R. , Stein Dan J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundGuidelines about post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) recommend broad categories of drugs, but uncertainty remains about what pharmacological treatment to select among all available compounds.MethodsCochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials register, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, National PTSD Center Pilots database, PubMed, trial registries, and databases of pharmaceutical companies were searched until February 2016 for double-blind randomised trials comparing any pharmacological intervention or placebo as oral therapy in adults with PTSD. Initially, we performed standard pairwise meta-analyses using a random effects model. We then carried out a network meta-analysis. The main outcome measures were mean change on a standardised scale and all-cause dropout rate. Acute treatment was defined as 8-week follow up.ResultsDesipramine, fluoxetine, paroxetine, phenelzine, risperidone, sertraline, and venlafaxine were more effective than placebo; phenelzine was better than many other active treatments and was the only drug, which was significantly better than placebo in terms of dropouts (odds ratio 7.50, 95% CI 1.72–32.80). Mirtazapine yielded a relatively high rank for efficacy, but the respective value for acceptability was not among the best treatments. Divalproex had overall the worst ranking.ConclusionsThe efficacy and acceptability hierarchies generated by our study were robust against many sources of bias. The differences between drugs and placebo were small, with the only exception of phenelzine. Considering the small amount of available data, these results are probably not robust enough to suggest phenelzine as a drug of choice. However, findings from this review reinforce the idea that phenelzine should be prioritised in future trials in PTSD.
Post-deployment family violence among UK military personnel
Authors: Kwan Jamie , Jones Margaret , Somaini Greta , Hull Lisa , Wessely Simon , Fear Nicola T , MacManus Deirdre 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundResearch into violence among military personnel has not differentiated between stranger- and family-directed violence. While military factors (combat exposure and post-deployment mental health problems) are risk factors for general violence, there has been limited research on their impact on violence within the family environment. This study aims to compare the prevalence of family-directed and stranger-directed violence among a deployed sample of UK military personnel and to explore risk factors associated with both family- and stranger-directed violence.MethodThis study utilised data from a large cohort study which collected information by questionnaire from a representative sample of randomly selected deployed UK military personnel (n= 6711).ResultsThe prevalence of family violence immediately following return from deployment was 3.6% and 7.8% for stranger violence. Family violence was significantly associated with having left service, while stranger violence was associated with younger age, male gender, being single, having a history of antisocial behaviour as well as having left service. Deployment in a combat role was significantly associated with both family and stranger violence after adjustment for confounders [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.92 (1.25–2.94),p= 0.003 and aOR = 1.77 (1.31–2.40),p< 0.001, respectively], as was the presence of symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, common mental disorders and aggression.ConclusionsExposure to combat and post-deployment mental health problems are risk factors for violence both inside and outside the family environment and should be considered in violence reduction programmes for military personnel. Further research using a validated measurement tool for family violence would improve comparability with other research.
REFLECTIONS ON FORM: AN INTERVIEW WITH PASCAL DUSAPIN
Authors: Richardson O. Sidney 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTComposer Pascal Dusapin has crafted an intriguing and idiosyncratic musical style that is both expressive and rigorously formal. Born in 1955 in Nancy, France, he studied piano and organ in his youth and later Plastic Arts and Sciences, Arts, and Aesthetic at the University of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, notably under composer Iannis Xenakis. From 1981 to 1983, he held a resident scholarship from the Villa Medici in Rome. Among the numerous accolades Dusapin has received are the Cino del Duca Prize in 2005 and the Dan David Prize in 2007. The Collège de France conferred upon him a professorship to hold the Chair of Artistic Creation from 2006 to 2007. He is a Commander of the French Order of Arts and Letters. His body of work includes extensive explorations of solo, chamber, orchestral, and operatic forces. What follows is an edited translation of an interview I made with Dusapin in his studio in Paris on 9 July 2016.
The first orthophlebiid scorpionfly (Insecta: Mecoptera) from the Wealden (Lower Cretaceous) of southern England
Authors: Jarzembowski Ed , Soszyńska-Maj Agnieszka 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTThe Family Orthophlebiidae ranges from the Middle Triassic to the Early Cretaceous. The Wealden Mecoptera have added to our knowledge of the Mecoptera from the Early Cretaceous of southern England, but have been comparatively little studied. Here we present the description of the first orthophlebiid from the Wealden of England. Mesopanorpa brooksorum sp. nov. from England is the earliest Cretaceous representative of this genus.
A Caribbean epiphyte community preserved in Miocene Dominican amber
Authors: Kaasalainen Ulla , Heinrichs Jochen , Renner Matthew A. M. , Hedenäs Lars , Schäfer-Verwimp Alfons , Lee Gaik Ee , Ignatov Michael S. , Rikkinen Jouko , Schmidt Alexander R. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTFossil tree resins preserve a wide range of animals, plants, fungi and microorganisms in microscopic fidelity. Fossil organisms preserved in an individual piece of amber lived at the same time in Earth history and mostly even in the same habitat, but they were not necessarily parts of the same interacting community. Here, we report on anin situpreserved corticolous community from a piece of Miocene Dominican amber which is composed of a lichen, a moss and three species of leafy liverworts. The lichen is assigned to the extant genusPhyllopsora(Ramalinaceae, Lecanoromycetes) and is described asP.magnaKaasalainen, Rikkinen & A. R. Schmidt sp. nov. The moss,Aptychellites fossilisSchäf.-Verw., Hedenäs, Ignatov & Heinrichs gen. & sp. nov., closely resembles the extant genusAptychellaof the family Pylaisiadelphaceae. The three leafy liverworts comprise the extinct Lejeuneaceae speciesCheilolejeunea antiqua(Grolle) Ye & Zhu, 2010 andLejeunea miocenicaHeinrichs, Schäf.-Verw., M. A. M. Renner & G. E. Lee sp. nov. and the extinct Radulaceae speciesRadula intectaM. A. M. Renner, Schäf.-Verw. & Heinrichs sp. nov. The presence of five associated extinct cryptogam species, four of which belong to extant genera, further substantiates the notion of a stasis in morphotype diversity, but a certain turnover of species, in the Caribbean since the early Miocene.
Verification of Arabidopsis stock collections using SNPmatch, a tool for genotyping high-plexed samples
Authors: Pisupati Rahul , Reichardt Ilka , Seren Ümit , Korte Pamela , Nizhynska Viktoria , Kerdaffrec Envel , Uzunova Kristina , Rabanal Fernando A. , Filiault Daniele L. , Nordborg Magnus 
Published: December 2017

AbstractLarge-scale studies such as the Arabidopsis thaliana ‘1,001 Genomes’ Project require routine genotyping of stocks to avoid sample contamination. To genotype samples efficiently and economically, sequencing must be inexpensive and data processing simple. Here we present SNPmatch, a tool that identifies strains (or inbred lines, or accessions) by matching them to a SNP database. We tested the tool by performing low-coverage resequencing of over 2,000 strains from our lab seed stock collection. SNPmatch correctly genotyped samples from 1-fold coverage sequencing data, and could also identify the parents of F1 or F2 individuals. SNPmatch can be run either on the command line or through AraGeno (https://arageno.gmi.oeaw.ac.at), a web interface that permits sample genotyping from a user-uploaded VCF or BED file.
Historical Perspectives on Colorectal Trauma Management
Authors: Welling David , Tyler Joshua 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe authors discuss the history and evolution of management of traumatic wounds to the colon and rectum, summarizing early management parallel with the history of armed conflict followed by the increase in research and management interest by civilian centers in the post-Vietnam era. They explore the strong opinions of the early thought-leaders such as DeBakey and Ogilvie, detailing factors that may have impacted their views. The current literature on optimal management of both colon and rectal trauma is reviewed, including the contentious debate over which patients may benefit from diversion. Current organ injury staging and clinical practice guidelines are also reviewed, as well as lessons learned by the U.S. military in recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. Understanding of the evolution of colon and rectal trauma management, as well as the current literature, will help surgeons in their decision-making and management of these challenging injuries.
Bright's Disease, Malaria, and Machine Politics: The Story of the Illness of President Chester A. Arthur
Authors: Pappas Theodore 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn July of 1881, President James A. Garfield was shot in the back at the Sixth Street Train Station in Washington, D.C. Garfield died after an extended illness and Chester A. Arthur assumed the presidency on September 20, 1881. He served the remaining three and a half years but was ill for most of his term. Arthur died of the complications of Bright's disease less than two years after leaving office. In the 1880s, Bright's disease was the syndrome that described renal failure associated with proteinuria, but the etiology of Arthur's kidney failure has never been determined. Arthur is one of our least understood Presidents, owing to his brief tenure in office, his death shortly after leaving office, and the fact that he burned all his personal papers just prior to his death. This manuscript will explore the medical history of Chester A. Arthur, including his presumed diagnosis of malaria, his symptoms during his declining health, and will define the differential diagnosis of the causes of his renal failure that culminated in his death in November of 1886.
Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Fundoplications in Pediatric Surgery: Experience Review
Authors: Fourcade Laurent , Amar Sarah , Alzahrani Khalid , Cook Ann-Rose , Braïk Karim , Cros Jérôme , Longis Bernard , Villemagne Thierry , Lardy Hubert , Ballouhey Quentin , Binet Aurélien 
Published: December 2017

Introduction Laparoscopic fundoplicature for gastroesophageal reflux disease has become the gold standard because of the improvement of postoperative rehabilitation compared with the open procedure. The robot-assisted surgery has brought new advantages for the patient and the surgeon compared with laparoscopy. We studied this new approach and the learning curve.
Materials and Methods Sixty robot-assisted fundoplicatures were performed in two university pediatric surgery centers. Data of the patients were recorded, including peroperative data (operation length and complications), postoperative recoveries, and clinical evolution. The learning curve was evaluated retrospectively and each variable was compared along this learning curve.
Results We observed a flattening of the learning curve after the 20th case for one surgeon. The mean operative time decreased significantly to 80 ± 10 minutes after 20 cases. There were no conversions to an open procedure. A revision surgery was indicated for 4.7% of the patients by a surgical robot-assisted laparoscopic approach.
Conclusion The robotic system appears to add many advantages for surgical ergonomic procedures. There is a potential benefit in operating time with a short technical apprenticeship period. The setting up system is easy with a short docking time.