bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal venous SHARP1 levels in preeclampsia
Authors: Ersoy Ali Ozgur , Oztas Efser , Ozler Sibel , Tokmak Aytekin , Ersoy Ebru , Ergin Merve , Danisman Nuri 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Aim:
Owing to its mysterious etiology, pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE) remains controversial. Here we aimed to compare the levels of an angiogenesis marker, split and hairy related protein-1 (SHARP1), in PE vs. normal pregnancy.

Methods:
Thirty-one patients with early-onset PE (EOPE), 26 patients with late-onset PE (LOPE), and 33 patients as a control group were recruited for this study in a tertiary referral center in Ankara, Turkey. Maternal venous SHARP1 levels and individual characteristics of the three groups were compared.

Results:
Age and body mass indices were similar among the three groups. SHARP1 levels in patients with PE (27.7±13.2 ng/mL) were significantly lower than in the control group (34.7±17 ng/mL) (P=0.006). Additionally, SHARP1 levels were significantly different among patients in EOPE, LOPE, and control groups (P=0.022). Birth weights and Apgar scores in patients in EOPE group were significantly lower than the other two groups and showed a gradual increase from the EOPE group to the LOPE and the control group. Binary logistic regression method demonstrated that maternal venous SHARP1 level was a risk factor for PE.

Conclusions:
Maternal venous SHARP1 levels in PE are lower than a normal pregnancy. Its clinical applicability and role as a candidate for making sense of the distinctive pathogenesis of the EOPE and LOPE remain to be elucidated.
Integrated nanoplasmonic waveguides for magnetic, nonlinear, and strong-field devices
Authors: Sederberg Shawn , Firby Curtis J. , Greig Shawn R. , Elezzabi Abdulhakem Y. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
As modern complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) circuitry rapidly approaches fundamental speed and bandwidth limitations, optical platforms have become promising candidates to circumvent these limits and facilitate massive increases in computational power. To compete with high density CMOS circuitry, optical technology within the plasmonic regime is desirable, because of the sub-diffraction limited confinement of electromagnetic energy, large optical bandwidth, and ultrafast processing capabilities. As such, nanoplasmonic waveguides act as nanoscale conduits for optical signals, thereby forming the backbone of such a platform. In recent years, significant research interest has developed to uncover the fundamental physics governing phenomena occurring within nanoplasmonic waveguides, and to implement unique optical devices. In doing so, a wide variety of material properties have been exploited. CMOS-compatible materials facilitate passive plasmonic routing devices for directing the confined radiation. Magnetic materials facilitate time-reversal symmetry breaking, aiding in the development of nonreciprocal isolators or modulators. Additionally, strong confinement and enhancement of electric fields within such waveguides require the use of materials with high nonlinear coefficients to achieve increased nonlinear optical phenomenon in a nanoscale footprint. Furthermore, this enhancement and confinement of the fields facilitate the study of strong-field effects within the solid-state environment of the waveguide. Here, we review current state-of-the-art physics and applications of nanoplasmonic waveguides pertaining to passive, magnetoplasmonic, nonlinear, and strong-field devices. Such components are essential elements in integrated optical circuitry, and each fulfill specific roles in truly developing a chip-scale plasmonic computing architecture.
Social Enterprise in Ireland – Why Work Integration Social Enterprises (WISEs) Dominate the Discourse
Authors: O’Shaughnessy Mary , O’Hara Patricia 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWhat is termed the social economy in Ireland includes charities, co-operatives, voluntary associations and non-profits. However, the label is not widely used to describe them collectively so that many organisations within the wider social economy do not identify themselves with, or even fully understand, the term. The concept of social enterprise first emerged in public policy discourse in the 1990s and, since then, has been mainly viewed as a mechanism of job creation/integration and service provision in disadvantaged communities. This perspective on social enterprise has been significantly influenced by European policy. By contrast, in Irish academic discourse, the interpretation of social enterprise is more varied due to the different influences of the US and European intellectual traditions. These variations have contributed to ambiguity about the social economy as a sector, and social enterprises as distinctive forms, and this has compromised attempts to estimate the scale and potential of the sector in Ireland to date. In 2013, as part of the policy response to the unemployment crisis of the economic recession, the Irish government commissioned an examination of the job-creation potential of social enterprise. The Forfás report offered a new official definition of social enterprise, characterised by many of the features of the EMES ideal type. Furthermore, the description and examples of social enterprises included in the report confirmed the dominance of one model of social enterprise in Ireland – the Work Integration Social Enterprise or WISE. The objective of this paper is to discuss how social economy and social enterprise are understood in Ireland and to explain how WISEs have evolved as the dominant Irish social enterprise model to date. The influence of the US (Salamon and Anheier 1997; Dees 1998) and European/EMES academic traditions (Pestoff 1998; Borzaga and Defourny 2001; Nyssens 2006; Defourny and Nyssens 2010, 2012) and EU and national policy perspectives, since the early 1990s, on Irish academic and policy discourse is discussed in this paper. It is argued that the adoption by successive Irish governments of a labour market integration approach, to supporting the development of the Irish social economy, since the early 1990s, has shaped the sector and contributed to the emergence of one dominant social enterprise type, the WISE. Some of the characteristics and impacts of Irish WISE are then discussed together with the challenges they face.
Polyethylene glycol oligomers as siloxane modificators in consolidation of carbonate stones
Authors: Sena da Fonseca Bruno , Piçarra Susana , Ferreira Pinto Ana Paula , Montemor Maria de Fátima 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The overall performance of alkoxysilanes as stone consolidants is constrained by stone mineralogy (particularly in the carbonate varieties) and by their tendency to crack during drying. In an attempt to overcome these problems, polyethylene glycol “chains” with two carboxylic acid end-groups (PEG-CA) were introduced in siloxane sols obtained by sol-gel chemistry using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as precursor. Different pre-condensation degrees (by varying the stirring times of sol-gel reaction: 10 min, 2, and 24 h) and PEG-CA chains with different molecular weights were studied as variables affecting the initial efficacy of the consolidants when applied into a limestone. The sol containing siloxanes with the lowest pre-condensation degree (10 min stirring) was quite susceptible to the carbonate media and thus a poor consolidation was achieved. The sol with the highest pre-condensation degree (24 h stirring) together with the PEG-CA chains with intermediate molecular weight produced significant and uniform strength gains along the stone depth. The consolidation also showed to be highly dependent on the molecular weight of the PEG-CA chains, the PEG-CA with highest molecular weight produced a non-uniform strength increase with potential harmful side effects. The results confirmed the role of carboxylic acid end-groups as efficient sol-gel catalysts and their ability to be incorporated into the silica matrix in the presence of carbonate stone.
Environmental pediatrics: an introduction and evaluation of online resources
Authors: Weinstangel Hannah , Buka Irena , Campbell Sandra 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Introduction:
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that three million children under the age of 5 die annually from environmentally related disease. In the United States, the cost of environmentally related public health concerns is estimated as greater than $55 billion. Environmental exposure is among parents’ top health concerns for children. Yet, the study of the effects of environmental exposure on health outcomes is a developing field, and clinicians feel inadequately prepared to address these concerns. The Children’s Environmental Health Clinic (ChEHC) is the first clinic of its kind in Canada. Their website includes a list of online resources on major topics related to child health and the environment. There has not yet been an objective evaluation of the comprehensiveness of the topics or scientific quality of the information on the website. This study seeks to offer an accessible introduction to the field of environmental pediatrics, including an online resource for evidence-based information on key topics in the field. These resources assist in disease prevention, health promotion, education, and the increasing need to balance environmental health risks.

Methods:
A scoping review of scientific and gray literature in the field of environmental pediatrics was performed to inform a written introduction to the field and to identify gaps in the content of the ChEHC website. The content of the ChEHC website was then objectively evaluated using the National Network of Libraries of Medicine checklist for health websites.

Results:
Ten categories within the field of environmental pediatrics emerged from the literature review. A small number of gaps were identified on the website and in the literature. The content of the ChEHC website was found to be of high quality.

Future directions:
The website will be updated using the results of the study as a guide, to make it as relevant, complete, and evidence-based as possible.

Conclusions:
Environmental pediatrics is an important, emerging topic. There is a need for accessible, evidence-based pediatric environmental health resources for clinicians and the general public. The products of this study (a publication and website) respond to that need and thus assist in disease prevention and health promotion.
Religionswissenschaft als Beruf
Authors: Krüger Oliver 
Published: November 2016

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag ist bemüht, Orientierungen für die universitäre Karriereplanung zu geben. Dazu wurden zum einen 37 Lebensläufe aller Professorinnen und Professoren für Religionswissenschaft im deutschsprachigen Raum betrachtet. Zum anderen wird ein Einblick in die Arbeit von Berufungskommissionen gewährt.
Ancestor Worship and State Rituals in Contemporary China: Fading Boundaries between Religious and Secular
Authors: Seiwert Hubert 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe paper argues that the distinction between religious and secular realms of society is not as clear-cut in modern societies as it appears in theories of functional and institutional differentiation. The data used are mainly from China with a short excursion to the United States. The starting point is ancestor worship, which is a central element of traditional Chinese religion. The significance of ancestor worship in Chinese history and culture is briefly explained to illustrate on the one hand its central importance as a ritual practice and on the other hand the ambiguities of interpretation. On this basis, some theoretical considerations about the existence of ancestors are presented. This is followed by a report on contemporary temple festivals focusing on the worship of Fuxi, a mythic figure considered to be the first ancestor of the Chinese people. The next step is the description of official state rituals devoted to the worship of the very same mythological hero in contemporary China. Against this backdrop, the last part of the paper discusses the theoretical questions of classification and distinguishing between the religious and the secular.
Virus inactivation under the photodynamic effect of phthalocyanine zinc(II) complexes
Authors: Remichkova Mimi , Mukova Luchia , Nikolaeva-Glomb Lubomira , Nikolova Nadya , Doumanova Lubka , Mantareva Vanya , Angelov Ivan , Kussovski Veselin , Galabov Angel S. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Various metal phthalocyanines have been studied for their capacity for photodynamic effects on viruses. Two newly synthesized water-soluble phthalocyanine Zn(II) complexes with different charges, cationic methylpyridyloxy-substituted Zn(II)- phthalocyanine (ZnPcMe) and anionic sulfophenoxy-substituted Zn(II)-phthalocyanine (ZnPcS), were used for photoinactivation of two DNA-containing enveloped viruses (herpes simplex virus type 1 and vaccinia virus), two RNA-containing enveloped viruses (bovine viral diarrhea virus and Newcastle disease virus) and two nude viruses (the enterovirus Coxsackie B1, a RNA-containing virus, and human adenovirus 5, a DNA virus). These two differently charged phthalocyanine complexes showed an identical marked virucidal effect against herpes simplex virus type 1, which was one and the same at an irradiation lasting 5 or 20 min (Δlog=3.0 and 4.0, respectively). Towards vaccinia virus this effect was lower, Δlog=1.8 under the effect of ZnPcMe and 2.0 for ZnPcS. Bovine viral diarrhea virus manifested a moderate sensitivity to ZnPcMe (Δlog=1.8) and a pronounced one to ZnPcS at 5- and 20-min irradiation (Δlog=5.8 and 5.3, respectively). The complexes were unable to inactivate Newcastle disease virus, Coxsackievirus B1 and human adenovirus type 5.
The Form of Paradox as the Paradox of Form
Authors: Salinas Edgardo 
Published: November 2016

Written in 1802, Beethoven’s “Tempest” piano sonata is the iconic work of the “wirklich ganz neue Manier” the composer announced right after his traumatic seclusion in Heiligenstadt. Suffused with asymmetries and contradictions, the sonata’s first movement has long attracted the attention of scholars concerned with the epistemic soundness of sonata form theories. Most conspicuously, the absence in the recapitulation of what seems to be on first hearing the main theme generates a formal paradox that challenges the theoretical models devised to analyze sonata forms.
This article reinterprets that paradox through the prism of Friedrich Schlegel’s theory of form, formulated in his critique of modern art and literature. In doing so, it recasts Beethoven’s “Tempest” sonata and Schlegel’s theory in the light of what I call the paradox of mediated immediacy. It further suggests a genealogical homology between the novel and sonata form to advance a historicized model of musical form that contemplates the material conditions accompanying the consolidation of print culture around 1800.
Situated in this context, the “Tempest” sonata serves as a case study for exploring how Beethoven’s reinvention of the piano sonata reconfigured the interface between form and medium, deploying self-referential strategies that both rendered apparent and resignified the mediations entailed by the compositional practices instituted with the classical style. As a result, Beethoven’s piano sonatas came to operate as technologies of the self that became integral to the fashioning of romantic subjectivities. My reading emphasizes the aural experience induced by the form’s asymmetries, and contends that the absence delivered at its structural crux complicates sonata form practices to afford an experience of immediacy that captures in the medium of piano music the paradoxical condition Schlegel reckoned immanent to the modern self.
Mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus and Addison’s disease: a nationwide, matched, observational cohort study
Authors: Chantzichristos Dimitrios , Persson Anders , Eliasson Björn , Miftaraj Mervete , Franzén Stefan , Bergthorsdottir Ragnhildur , Gudbjörnsdottir Soffia , Svensson Ann-Marie , Johannsson Gudmundur 
Published: November 2016

Objective
Our hypothesis was that patients with diabetes mellitus obtain an additional risk of death if they develop Addison’s disease (AD).

Design and methods
Nationwide, matched, observational cohort study cross-referencing the Swedish National Diabetes Register with Inpatient, Cancer and Cause of Death Registers in patients with diabetes (type 1 and 2) and AD and matched controls with diabetes. Clinical characteristics at baseline, overall, and cause-specific mortality were assessed. The relative risk of death was assessed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model.

Results
Between January 1996 and December 2012, 226 patients with diabetes and AD were identified and matched with 1129 controls with diabetes. Median (interquartile range) follow-up was 5.9 (2.7–8.6) years. When patients with diabetes were diagnosed with AD, they had an increased frequency of diabetes complications, but both medical history of cancer and coronary heart disease did not differ compared with controls. Sixty-four of the 226 patients with diabetes and AD (28%) died, while 112 of the 1129 controls (10%) died. The estimated relative risk increase (hazard ratio) in overall mortality in the diabetes and AD group was 3.89 (95% confidence interval 2.84–5.32) compared with controls with diabetes. The most common cause of death was cardiovascular in both groups, but patients with diabetes and AD showed an increased death rate from diabetes complications, infectious diseases and unknown causes.

Conclusions
Patients with the rare combination of diabetes and AD showed a markedly increased mortality and died more frequently from infections and unknown causes than patients with diabetes alone. Improved strategy for the management of this combination of metabolic disorders is needed.
Health status assessment of workers during construction phase of highway rehabilitation projects around lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Abrar Amina , Cheema Kausar Jamal , Saif Samia , Mahmood Asim 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Objective
The study focused on assessment of the health status of workers during construction phase of highway rehabilitation projects at six selected sites of N5 around Lahore, including Kala Shah Kaku, Muridke, Kamuki, Bhaipheru, Pattoki, and Okara.

Methods
The study was based on multi-methods approach involving hazard identification through survey and checklist as well as a questionnaire for health status assessment and measurements of health parameters including peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and audiometric screening of 300 subjects.

Results
The study revealed non-congenial working conditions at the sites. Noise, vibrations, dust, asphalt fumes, poor work postures, and injuries were found to be major health hazards. PEFR of most of the workers was found to be significantly lower than the reference value. Average PEFR±SEM values were 187±5.1 l/min, 178±4.3 l/min, and 266±5.3 l/min in ground preparation workers, asphalt workers, and heavy vehicle drivers, respectively. The highest rate (29%) of hearing loss was recorded among heavy vehicle drivers. Musculoskeletal problems were found to be more common among ground preparation workers.

Conclusion
Data revealed unsatisfactory health status of most of the workers. Direct relationship between health outcomes and the type of construction activities were observed. The current study focuses on the importance of including occupational health and safety plan in the execution phase of every developmental project that involves construction activities.
Noise-Induced hearing loss among professional musicians
Authors: Pouryaghoub Gholamreza , Mehrdad Ramin , Pourhosein Saeed 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Objectives
After presbycusis, noise exposure is considered the second cause of sensorineural hearing loss. Due to exposure to high-intensity sounds, musicians may be at risk of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). Given the importance of good hearing in music career, this study aimed to investigate the frequency of hearing loss and use of protective measures among Iranian musicians.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, 125 musicians, including 21 women (16.8%) and 104 men (83.2%), with at least five years of work experience were recruited. All participants underwent clinical and audiometric examinations. Demographic data, complaints about hearing loss, and information about the use of protective devices were collected through interviews.

Results
Audiometric notch in either one or both ears and bilateral hearing loss were present in respectively 42.4% and 19.2% of the participants. The history of tinnitus after performance and ear pain during performance was reported by 64 (51%) and 35 (28%) individuals, respectively. Less than 2% of the participants used hearing protection devices.

Conclusions
Long-term exposure to loud sounds puts musicians at risk of hearing loss. However, due to their inadequate knowledge, most musicians never use protective devices to prevent damage to their auditory system.
The lipid peroxidation intensity of fungi strains from the orders Agaricales and Polyporales
Authors: Fedotov O. V. 
Published: November 2016

This article is devoted to investigation of the dynamics of growth and level of spontaneous and induced lipid peroxidation intensity of Basidiomycetes strains grown by surface cultivation on a glucose-peptone medium. The materials of the research are mycelium and culture filtrates (CF) of 57 strains (5 belong to 5 species from the order Polyporales s.l., and 52 belong to 7 species of the order Agaricales s.l.). To study the dynamics of growth we used a weighing method for determining the accumulation of absolutely dry biomass. Intensity of lipid peroxidation was determined by a modified spectrophotometric method for content of active to thiobarbituric acid products. It was found that the most productive in absolutely dry biomass accumulation were the strains Flammulina velutipes (Curt.: Fr.) Sing. F-610 and Pleurotus eryngii (DC.: Fr.) Quél. P-er. The level of spontaneous and induced LPO intensity in mycelia of all strains was higher than this figure in the culture filtrate and increased with the duration of cultivation. Dependencies between the content of lipid peroxidation products in the mycelia and CF were not established. The lowest values were recorded for biomass accumulation by the strains Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.: Fr.) P. Kumm. P-14, P-192 and P. citrinopileatus Singer. Р-сіtr. Groups of basidiomycete cultures with different levels of TBA-AP were identified. Spontaneous and induced intensivity of lipid peroxidation in all studied strains of mycelia was higher than the figure in the culture filtrate. The intensity of lipid peroxidation in both mycelia and culture filtrate constantly increased, which can be explained by the growing shortage of certain nutrients (primarily carbon) and increased concentration of metabolic products in the medium. The ratio of spontaneous and induced lipid peroxidation intensity is specific to each strain and is independent of its systematic position. Shifting of prooxidant-antioxidant balance to a relatively stationary level is a mark of stress reaction. LPO-products can be both inductors and primary mediators of stress as a special class of biological systems. Selected strains with high rates of growth and LPO ntensity are promising for applications in biotechnology and ecology.