bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real‐Time Solar Exposure Simulation in Complex Cities
Authors: Muñoz‐Pandiella I. , Bosch C. , Mérillou N. , Pueyo X. , Mérillou S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn urban design, estimating solar exposure on complex city models is crucial but existing solutions typically focus on simplified building models and are too demanding in terms of memory and computational time. In this paper, we propose an interactive technique that estimates solar exposure on detailed urban scenes. Given a directional exposure map computed over a given time period, we estimate the sky visibility factor that serves to evaluate the final exposure at each visible point. This is done using a screen‐space method based on a two‐scale approach, which is geometry independent and has low storage costs. Our method performs at interactive rates and is designer‐oriented. The proposed technique is relevant in architecture and sustainable building design as it provides tools to estimate the energy performance of buildings as well as weathering effects in urban environments.
A logic approach to modelling nomenclatural change
Authors: Franz Nico M. , Zhang Chao , Lee Joohyung 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe utilize an Answer Set Programming (ASP) approach to show that the principles of nomenclature are tractable in computational logic. To this end we design a hypothetical, 20 nomenclatural taxon use case, with starting conditions that embody several overarching principles of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, including Binomial Nomenclature, Priority, Coordination, Homonymy, Typification and the structural requirement of Gender Agreement. The use case ending conditions are triggered by the reinterpretation of the diagnostic features of one of 12 type specimens anchoring the corresponding species‐level epithets. Permutations of this child‐to‐parent reassignment action lead to 36 alternative scenarios, where each scenario requires a set of 1–14 logically contingent nomenclatural emendations. We show that an ASP transition system approach can correctly infer the Code‐mandated changes for each scenario, and visually output the ending conditions. The results provide a foundation for further developing logic‐based nomenclatural change optimization and validation services, which could be applied in global nomenclatural registries. More generally, logic explorations of nomenclatural and taxonomic change scenarios provide a novel means of assessing design biases inherent in the principles of nomenclature, and can therefore inform the design of future, big data‐compatible identifier systems that recognize and mitigate these constraints.
Double‐blind randomized controlled trial of collagen mesh for the prevention of abdominal incisional hernia in patients having a vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneus flap during surgery for advanced pelvic malignancy
Authors: Mortensen A. R. , Grossmann I. , Rosenkilde M. , Wara P. , Laurberg S. , Christensen P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimThe study investigated the effect of collagen mesh‐assisted closure at the donor site in preventing the formation of incisional hernia following construction of a vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneus (VRAM) flap as part of pelvic surgery for recurrent colorectal cancer.MethodThe study was a double‐blinded randomized controlled superiority trial that was designed and performed according to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) Statement. Eligible patients undergoing surgery that included a VRAM flap for advanced colorectal pelvic malignancy were prospectively randomized to conventional abdominal wound closure or collagen mesh‐assisted closure. The primary end‐point was incisional herniation at 1 year confirmed by CT. Secondary end‐points were CT‐verified incisional herniation at 3 and 36 months, clinically recognizable incisional herniation, donor‐site and reconstructive‐site complications, surgical mortality, postoperative morbidity, postoperative recovery and survival.ResultsIn total, 58 (29 conventional closure; 29 mesh‐assisted closure) patients were included. At 1 year, incisional herniation on the CT scan was found in 12 (50%) of 24 patients in the conventional closure group, and in 8 (33%) of 24 in the mesh‐assisted closure group (P = 0.38). No significant difference between the groups was found in surgical mortality, early or late complications or survival. Donor‐site morbidity was comparable between the two groups.ConclusionNo preventative effect of collagen mesh‐assisted closure was observed following VRAM flap reconstruction.
A New Framework to Assess Relative Ecosystem Vulnerability to Climate Change
Authors: Lee Calvin Ka Fai , Duncan Clare , Owen Harry Jon Foord , Pettorelli Nathalie 
Published: May 2017

AbstractClimate change poses a growing risk to global biodiversity. To prioritize conservation efforts, identification of the species and ecosystems most at risk from further changes in climatic conditions is critically needed. Although frameworks are available to assess species vulnerability to climate change, we still lack an easily implementable, ecosystem‐level perspective to inform landscape management. Here, we introduce a novel, spatially explicit vulnerability framework able to generate assessments at the ecosystem scale and apply it to Mozambican forest mangroves, which are under growing pressures from climate change. Results show that most of these ecosystems are currently highly vulnerable to sea level rise, while mangroves in the Zambezia and Nampula districts are highly vulnerable to both sea level rise and tropical storms. Altogether, we believe the introduced assessment framework has clear potential to inform conservation planning and management at various spatial scales, and help achieve adaptive management in the face of climatic uncertainties.
The association of donor age and survival is independent of ischemic time following deceased donor lung transplantation
Authors: Mulvihill Michael S. , Gulack Brian C. , Ganapathi Asvin M. , Speicher Paul J. , Englum Brian R. , Hirji Sameer A. , Snyder Laurie D. , Davis R. Duane , Hartwig Matthew G. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPurposeEarly research suggests prolonged ischemic time in older donor lungs is associated with decreased survival following lung transplantation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether this association holds in the post‐lung allocation score era.MethodsWe analyzed the United Network for Organ Sharing database 2005‐2013 for adult recipients of cadaveric lung transplants. Cox proportional hazards modeling was utilized to determine the association of donor age, ischemic time, and the interaction of donor age and ischemic time with transplant‐free survival.ResultsEleven thousand eight hundred thirty‐five patients met criteria. Median donor age was 32 years, and median ischemic time was 4.9 hours. Cox modeling demonstrated that donor age 50‐60 (adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 1.11) and ≥60 (adjusted HR: 1.42) were associated with reduced overall survival. Neither ischemic time nor interaction of ischemic time and donor age were significantly associated with overall survival. Subanalysis demonstrated that this finding held true for patients undergoing either single or bilateral lung transplantation.ConclusionsProlonged ischemic time is not associated with decreased overall survival in patients undergoing lung transplantation regardless of the donor's age. However, donor age >50 is independently associated with decreased survival. The lack of an association between ischemic time and survival should encourage broader geographic allocation of pulmonary allografts.
Semantic richness and word learning in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Gladfelter Allison , Goffman Lisa 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSemantically rich learning contexts facilitate semantic, phonological, and articulatory aspects of word learning in children with typical development (TD). However, because children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show differences at each of these processing levels, it is unclear whether they will benefit from semantic cues in the same manner as their typical peers. The goal of this study was to track how the inclusion of rich, sparse, or no semantic cues influences semantic, phonological, and articulatory aspects of word learning in children with ASD and TD over time. Twenty‐four school‐aged children (12 in each group), matched on expressive vocabulary, participated in an extended word learning paradigm. Performance on five measures of learning (referent identification, confrontation naming, defining, phonetic accuracy, and speech motor stability) were tracked across three sessions approximately one week apart to assess the influence of semantic richness on extended learning. Results indicate that children with ASD benefit from semantically rich learning contexts similarly to their peers with TD; however, one key difference between the two groups emerged – the children with ASD showed heightened shifts in speech motor stability. These findings offer insights into common learning mechanisms in children with ASD and TD, as well as pointing to a potentially distinct speech motor learning trajectory in children with ASD, providing a window into the emergence of stereotypic vocalizations in these children.
Mapping research ethics committees in Africa: Evidence of the growth of ethics review of health research in Africa
Authors: Mokgatla Boitumelo , IJsselmuiden Carel , Wassenaar Doug , Kasule Mary 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHealth research initiatives worldwide are growing in scope and complexity, particularly as they move into the developing world. Expanding health research activity in low‐ and middle‐income countries has resulted in a commensurate rise in the need for sound ethical review structures and functions in the form of Research Ethics Committees (RECs).The urgent need for continued capacity development in Africa has necessitated research initiatives to identify existing capacity. This discussion paper describes the mapping of RECs in Africa through MARC (Mapping African Research Ethics Capacity) project, second phase (2012 to date) and discusses the findings. MARC provides a platform and tool on COHRED's Health Research HRWeb, which can be used by RECs and key stakeholders in health research in Africa to identify capacity, constraints and development needs.
Ethics of community engagement in field trials of genetically modified mosquitoes
Authors: Resnik David B. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractEffective community engagement is an important legal, ethical, and practical prerequisite for conducting field trials of genetically modified mosquitoes, because these studies can substantially impact communities and it is usually not possible to obtain informed consent from each community member. Researchers who are planning to conduct field trials should develop a robust community engagement strategy that meets widely recognized standards for seeking approval from the affected population, such as timeliness, consent, information sharing, transparency, understanding, responsiveness, mutual understanding, inclusiveness, and respectfulness. Additional research is needed on the effectiveness of different methods of engaging communities in field trials of genetically modified mosquitoes and how to respond to public opposition to genetically modified organisms. For research programs involving the genetic modification of disease vectors to move forward, they must have public acceptance and support, which cannot be achieved without effective community engagement.
CD38‐negative relapse in multiple myeloma after daratumumab‐based chemotherapy
Authors: Minarik Jiri , Novak Martin , Flodr Patrik , Balcarkova Jana , Mlynarcikova Miroslava , Krhovska Petra , Pika Tomas , Pikalova Zuzana , Bacovsky Jaroslav , Scudla Vlastimil 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe present a case report of a patient relapsing after anti‐CD38 treatment (daratumumab). The phenotype of the disease changed during this treatment, and the myeloma clone became CD38 negative and daratumumab refractory. We expected clonal shift, however, based on immunophenotyping, cytogenetics and arrayCGH; the clone was identical as before daratumumab‐based treatment with the exception of CD38 negativity. We suggest that the downregulation or loss of CD38 might be an epigenetic “escape mechanism” of malignant plasma cells from antibody‐based treatment. The aim of our study was to point out the pitfalls of immunophenotyping and cytogenetics in both assessing the minimal residual disease and clone detection after monoclonal antibody‐based therapy.
Conceptual Analysis and Analytical Definitions in Frege
Authors: Bar‐Elli Gilead 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLogical (or conceptual) analysis is in Frege primarily not an analysis of a concept but of its sense. Five Fregean philosophical principles are presented as constituting a framework for a theory of logical or conceptual analysis, which I call analytical explication. These principles, scattered and sometime latent in his writings are operative in Frege's critique of other views and in his constructive development of his own view. The proposed conception of analytical explication is partially rooted in Frege's notion of analytical definition. It may also be the basis of what is required of a reduction of one domain to another, if it is to have the philosophical significance many reductions allegedly have.
Reduced steroidogenesis in patients with PCDH19‐female limited epilepsy
Authors: Trivisano Marina , Lucchi Chiara , Rustichelli Cecilia , Terracciano Alessandra , Cusmai Raffaella , Ubertini Grazia Maria , Giannone Germana , Bertini Enrico Silvio , Vigevano Federico , Gecz Jozef , Biagini Giuseppe , Specchio Nicola 
Published: May 2017

SummaryPatients affected by protocadherin 19 (PCDH19)–female limited epilepsy (PCDH19‐FE) present a remarkable reduction in allopregnanolone blood levels. However, no information is available on other neuroactive steroids and the steroidogenic response to hormonal stimulation. For this reason, we evaluated allopregnanolone, pregnanolone, and pregnenolone sulfate by liquid chromatographic procedures coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry in 12 unrelated patients and 15 age‐matched controls. We also tested cortisol, estradiol, progesterone, and 17OH‐progesterone using standard immunoassays. Apart from estradiol and progesterone, all the considered hormones were evaluated in basal condition and after stimulation with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). A generalized decrease in blood levels of almost all measured neuroactive steroids was found. When considering sexual development, cortisol and pregnenolone sulfate basal levels were significantly reduced in postpubertal girls affected by PCDH19‐FE. Of interest, ACTH administration did not recover pregnenolone sulfate serum levels but restored cortisol to control levels. In prepubertal girls with PCDH19‐FE, by challenging adrenal function with ACTH we disclosed defects in the production of cortisol, pregnenolone sulfate, and 17OH‐progesterone, which were not apparent in basal condition. These findings point to multiple defects in peripheral steroidogenesis associated with and potentially relevant to PCDH19‐FE. Some of these defects could be addressed by stimulating adrenocortical activity.
A case of idiopathic eosinophilic pneumonia in a Quarter Horse gelding
Authors: Trimble A. C. , Beard L. A. , Davis E. G. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryA 16‐year‐old Quarter Horse gelding was presented to the Kansas State Veterinary Health Center for acute onset of diffuse, nonpruritic, generalised and coalescing urticaria. A single dose of dexamethasone resulted in resolution of the urticaria within 24 h; however, 48 h after discharge, he presented with mild colic. The patient was febrile and thoracic ultrasound was abnormal, evidenced by bilateral pleural echogenic irregularities, mild pulmonary consolidation and slight unilateral pleural effusion. Thoracic radiographs also revealed caudoventral soft tissue opacity in the same region of the ultrasonographic abnormalities. Transtracheal wash was performed and broad spectrum antimicrobials initiated. Poor clinical response to therapy and marked peripheral eosinophilia resulted in the necessity for bronchoalveolar lavage, which revealed a predominance of pulmonary eosinophils. A diagnosis of acute idiopathic eosinophilic pneumonia was made. Treatment included a tapering dose of dexamethasone over 4 weeks. Due to incomplete disease resolution, the patient was moved to an alternate environment which resulted in disease resolution.
Suspected retropharyngeal haemorrhage as a complication of guttural pouch mycosis
Authors: Coleman M. C. , Hardy J. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryAn 11‐year‐old Thoroughbred mare presented for evaluation of severe, acute bilateral epistaxis of several hours’ duration. Endoscopic evaluation revealed active haemorrhage from the right guttural pouch and significant dorsal compression of the nasopharynx. Rapid and severe retropharyngeal swelling developed, prompting placement of a temporary tracheostomy. Guttural pouch mycosis was suspected and transarterial coil embolisation of the right internal carotid, external carotid and maxillary arteries was successfully performed. It was suspected that haemorrhage from the vasculature of the guttural pouch tracked caudally into the retropharyngeal region resulting in significant swelling, pharyngeal collapse and a severely compromised airway. Clinicians should be aware of this rare complication of guttural pouch epistaxis.
Effects of 0.2% brimonidine and 0.2% brimonidine–0.5% timolol on intraocular pressure and pupil size in normal equine eyes
Authors: Von Zup M. , Lassaline M. , Kass P. H. , Miller P. E. , Thomasy S. M. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryBackgroundBrimonidine is an α2‐adrenergic agonist that decreases aqueous humour production and may increase uveoscleral outflow. It has not been evaluated in normal or glaucomatous equine eyes.ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of brimonidine in lowering intraocular pressure (IOP), alone and in conjunction with timolol, as a treatment for equine glaucoma by comparingIOPin normal equine eyes treated with brimonidine and brimonidine–timolol, respectively, withIOPin control eyes.Study designA balanced crossover design with 16 horses receiving one of two treatments, brimonidine and brimonidine–timolol, during each of two 10‐day study phases, was used. Four horses were randomly assigned to each of four combinations of treated eye (right or left) and drug order within the two 10‐day study phases (brimonidine first or brimonidine–timolol first).MethodsPupil size and conjunctival hyperaemia were assessed twice per day andIOPwas measured three times per day using rebound tonometry in both eyes of 16 normal horses throughout two 10‐day study periods (brimonidine and brimonidine–timolol) separated by an 18‐day washout period. One eye of each horse was treated with brimonidine or brimonidine–timolol and the opposite eye was treated with balanced salt solution (BSS).ResultsThere were no adverse effects and no significant changes in pupil size in normal equine eyes treated with brimonidine or brimonidine–timolol. AverageIOPin normal equine eyes treated with brimonidine (25.6 mmHg) was statistically higher than in eyes treated with brimonidine–timolol (24.6 mmHg) orBSS(24.5 mmHg). However,IOPdifferences were of ≤1 mmHg and thus not clinically important.Main limitationsHorses with normal eyes may not be as sensitive to theIOP‐lowering effects of treatment as horses with glaucoma.ConclusionsBrimonidine and brimonidine–timolol are well tolerated in normal horses but do not decreaseIOP.
Stalk versus base invasion in pT1 papillary cancers of the bladder: improved substaging system predicting the risk of progression
Authors: Lawless Margaret , Gulati Roman , Tretiakova Maria 
Published: May 2017

AimsPathological stage pT1 bladder cancers constitute a clinically heterogeneous group. However, current staging guidelines for superficially invasive cancers do not acknowledge the variability in type and extent of lamina propria invasion in papillary urothelial carcinomas (PUCs), and historically proposed substaging systems showed either high interobserver variation or limited value in predicting patient outcomes. The aim of this study was to reappraise pT1 PUC substaging, with the objective of identifying a novel scheme that is reproducible and prognostically meaningful.Methods and resultspT1 PUCs diagnosed during 1999–2015 were retrospectively reviewed and characterized as focal invasion confined to the papillary stalk, focal invasion of the tumour base, or extensive invasion of the tumour base. Cases with concurrent flat carcinoma in situ, angiolymphatic invasion, absent muscularis propria or clinically advanced disease were excluded. We calculated cumulative incidence rates of recurrence, progression and death by tumour subtype, and evaluated differential risks by using log‐rank tests and Kaplan–Meier curves stratified by type and extent of invasion. Among 62 patients satisfying the inclusion criteria, 22 of 29 patients with base‐extensive invasion progressed, whereas four of 13 with base‐focal and none of 20 with stalk‐only invasion progressed. There was strong evidence that base‐extensive patients had a higher risk of progression and death resulting from bladder cancer than base‐focal or stalk‐only patients (P < 0.0001). However, tumour subtype was not significantly associated with risk of recurrence (P = 0.21).ConclusionsWe propose an innovative substaging approach for reporting the site and extent of lamina propria invasion in patients with pT1 PUC, allowing patient stratification for risk of progression.
Effect of interrupted motion on the cyclic fatigue resistance of reciprocating nickel–titanium instruments
Authors: Keskin C. , Inan U. , Demiral M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimTo compare the cyclic fatigue resistances of WaveOne Gold (Denstply Sirona, Ballaigues, Switzerland), WaveOne (Dentsply Sirona) and Reciproc (VDW, Munich, Germany) in interrupted reciprocation.MethodologyThree groups of 18 instruments each of WaveOne Gold Primary, WaveOne Primary and Reciproc R25 were subjected to cyclic fatigue tests in reciprocation and interrupted reciprocation. The instruments in group 1 were tested in reciprocation, whereas in groups 2 and 3, reciprocation was interrupted for 1 s in every 5 s and 10 s, respectively. Cyclic fatigue resistance was tested using dynamic test devices in stainless steel, curved canals (60°, r = 5 mm) until fracture, and the time to fracture values were recorded. The lengths of the fractured tips were also recorded, and fractured surfaces were examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Data were evaluated by one‐way analysis of variance and Tukey's tests.ResultsThe cyclic fatigue resistance of WaveOne Gold Primary was not affected by the interruptions (P > 0.05) and exhibited significantly greater cyclic fatigue resistance than WaveOne Primary and Reciproc R25 in all groups (P < 0.05). Interruptions reduced the cyclic fatigue resistance of WaveOne Primary and Reciproc R25 significantly (P < 0.05).ConclusionInterrupted reciprocation reduced the cyclic fatigue resistance of Reciproc R25 and WaveOne Primary. The cyclic fatigue resistance of WaveOne Gold Primary was greater than that of WaveOne Primary and was not dependent on the occurrence of interruptions.