bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hilar somatostatin interneuron loss reduces dentate gyrus inhibition in a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Hofmann Gabrielle , Balgooyen Laura , Mattis Joanna , Deisseroth Karl , Buckmaster Paul S. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryObjectiveIn patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, seizures usually start in the hippocampus, and dentate granule cells are hyperexcitable. Somatostatin interneurons are a major subpopulation of inhibitory neurons in the dentate gyrus, and many are lost in patients and animal models. However, surviving somatostatin interneurons sprout axon collaterals and form new synapses, so the net effect on granule cell inhibition remains unclear.MethodsThe present study uses optogenetics to activate hilar somatostatin interneurons and measure the inhibitory effect on dentate gyrus perforant path–evoked local field potential responses in a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy.ResultsIn controls, light activation of hilar somatostatin interneurons inhibited evoked responses up to 40%. Epileptic pilocarpine‐treated mice exhibited loss of hilar somatostatin interneurons and less light‐induced inhibition of evoked responses.SignificanceThese findings suggest that severe epilepsy‐related loss of hilar somatostatin interneurons can overwhelm the surviving interneurons' capacity to compensate by sprouting axon collaterals.
Multi‐level reranking approach for bug localization
Authors: Kılınç Deniz , Yücalar Fatih , Borandağ Emin , Aslan Ersin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBug fixing has a key role in software quality evaluation. Bug fixing starts with the bug localization step, in which developers use textual bug information to find location of source codes which have the bug. Bug localization is a tedious and time consuming process. Information retrieval requires understanding the programme's goal, coding structure, programming logic and the relevant attributes of bug. Information retrieval (IR) based bug localization is a retrieval task, where bug reports and source files represent the queries and documents, respectively. In this paper, we propose BugCatcher, a newly developed bug localization method based on multi‐level re‐ranking IR technique. We evaluate BugCatcher on three open source projects with approximately 3400 bugs. Our experiments show that multi‐level reranking approach to bug localization is promising. Retrieval performance and accuracy of BugCatcher are better than current bug localization tools, and BugCatcher has the best Top N, Mean Average Precision (MAP) and Mean Reciprocal Rank (MRR) values for all datasets.
Target Information Asymmetry and Acquisition Price
Authors: Cheng Peter , Li Lin , Tong Wilson H.S. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis study investigates the effects of target information asymmetry in a takeover transaction. We find that a target with more information asymmetry receives a larger bid premium from the acquirer. We examine the response of the acquirer's investors to the bid to clarify whether the larger bid premium is an overpayment by the acquirer. We observe that the acquirer's investors respond more positively to the acquisition of an opaque target, indicating that the market recognizes the acquirer's valuation of the opaque target and agrees with the offer price. Our results indicate that corporate takeovers help to resolve asymmetric information in the capital market.
Comparison of QT Interval Readings in Normal Sinus Rhythm Between a Smartphone Heart Monitor and a 12‐Lead ECG for Healthy Volunteers and Inpatients Receiving Sotalol or Dofetilide
Authors: GARABELLI PAUL , STAVRAKIS STAVROS , ALBERT MICHAEL , KOOMSON EDWARD , PARWANI PURVI , CHOHAN JAWAD , SMITH LANDGRAVE , ALBERT DAVID , XIE RONGSHENG , XIE QIYING , REYNOLDS DWIGHT , PO SUNNY 
Published: March 2016

QT Interval Readings With a Smartphone Heart MonitorIntroductionA variety of medications ranging from antiarrhythmics to psychotropics, as well as conditions such as bradycardia, can prolong the QT interval, increasing the risk for life‐threatening arrhythmias. Monitoring the corrected QT interval (QTc) is therefore critical for patient safety. The recent development of smart phone heart monitors (SHM) may allow for easier QTc monitoring. We sought to evaluate the accuracy of an SHM for assessing the QTc, as compared to the standard 12‐lead ECG.Methods and ResultsWe compared the QTc interval in lead‐I and lead‐II between an SHM and 12‐lead ECG. Healthy volunteers and hospitalized patients in sinus rhythm being loaded on dofetilide or sotalol were included. Manual and automatic measurements were studied. Across 99 healthy volunteers, the SHM QTc demonstrated good agreement (bias = 4 milliseconds, standard deviation of bias = 11 milliseconds) compared to the 12‐lead ECG, using the Bland–Altman method of agreement. Across all hospitalized patients, the SHM was capable of demonstrating QTc prolongation. Between the 12‐lead ECG and SHM, lead‐I measurements had reasonable agreement (bias = 3 milliseconds, standard deviation of bias = 46 milliseconds). A QTc of > 500 milliseconds was associated with a higher likelihood (OR = 12.0; 95% CI 1.5–111.4; P = 0.02) to not achieve perfect agreement.ConclusionThe SHM is accurate in measuring QTc interval in sinus rhythm when compared to 12‐lead ECG in healthy volunteers. For patients receiving QT prolonging antiarrhythmics, SHM is capable of detecting QTc prolongation, and lead‐I of the SHM is most accurate in measuring the QTc if < 500 milliseconds.
A20 plays a critical role in the immunoregulatory function of mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Dang Rui‐Jie , Yang Yan‐Mei , Zhang Lei , Cui Dian‐Chao , Hong Bangxing , Li Ping , Lin Qiuxia , Wang Yan , Wang Qi‐Yu , Xiao Fengjun , Mao Ning , Wang Changyong , Jiang Xiao‐Xia , Wen Ning 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess an immunoregulatory capacity and are a therapeutic target for many inflammation‐related diseases. However, the detailed mechanisms of MSC‐mediated immunosuppression remain unclear. In this study, we provide new information to partly explain the molecular mechanisms of immunoregulation by MSCs. Specifically, we found that A20 expression was induced in MSCs by inflammatory cytokines. Knockdown of A20 in MSCs resulted in increased proliferation and reduced adipogenesis, and partly reversed the suppressive effect of MSCs on T cell proliferation in vitro and inhibited tumour growth in vivo. Mechanistic studies indicated that knockdown of A20 in MSCs inhibited activation of the p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which potently promoted the production of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and inhibited the production of interleukin (IL)‐10. Collectively, these data reveal a crucial role of A20 in regulating the immunomodulatory activities of MSCs by controlling the expression of TNF‐α and IL‐10 in an inflammatory environment. These findings provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of various inflammatory‐associated diseases, and are a new reference for the future development of treatments for such afflictions.
Effect of gingival inflammation on the inflammatory response in patients with idiopathic uveitis
Authors: Akcalı Aliye , Güven Yılmaz Suzan , Lappin David F. , Eğrilmez Sait , Buduneli Nurcan 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the levels of 11 oral species in plaque samples and cytokine levels in biofluid samples of patients with idiopathic uveitis (IU) and systemically healthy individuals (H) with or without gingival inflammation.Material & MethodsTwenty‐one patients with IU (n = 21), and 22 systemically healthy individuals (n = 22) were enrolled in the study. Clinical periodontal measurements were recorded. Cytokine levels in the biofluid samples were determined by ELISA. Bacterial gene copy numbers were determined by qPCR on plaque microbial DNA preparations.ResultsAccording to two‐step cluster analysis, anova and t‐test: GCF, serum and salivary TNF‐α, IL‐17A, IL‐17A/E; GCF and serum IL‐6; salivary IL‐17F, and salivary and serum IL‐17A/F levels were higher in the IU group than the H group (p < 0.05). However, serum IL‐10 and IL‐17E levels were higher in the H group than the IU group (p < 0.05). A. actinomycetemcomitans, F. nucleatum, S. oralis, A. naeslundii, and V. dispar counts were higher in IU group compared to H group (p < 0.05).ConclusionAltered local and systemic cytokine profiles are associated with differences in the microbial plaque composition in IU. Anti‐inflammatory cytokines; IL‐10, IL‐17E are reduced in patients with IU and Th‐1 and Th‐17 driven inflammatory responses in biofluids are altered.
Non‐metric variation of the middle phalanges of the human toes (II–V): long/short types and their evolutionary significance
Authors: Le Minor Jean‐Marie , Mousson Jean‐François , de Mathelin Pierre , Bierry Guillaume 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe human lateral toes are characterised by extreme reduction compared with other primates, and in particular other hominoids. Some phalangeal non‐metric variants have been well identified in humans, in particular: triphalangeal/biphalangeal patterns, and the presence/absence of phalangeal secondary centres of ossification. The purpose of the present study was to describe and analyse an original non‐metric variation of the middle phalanges of the lateral toes. The material consisted of 2541 foot radiographs that came from 2541 different European adult individuals. Two morphological types of the middle phalanx were defined as a simple binary trait: long type (L) and short type (S). In feet with a triphalangeal pattern in all lateral toes (1413 cases), a mediolateral increasing gradient was observed in the occurrence of type S: 8.1% in II; 30.7% in III; 68.4% in IV; and 99.1% in V. In feet with a biphalangeal pattern in one or more lateral toes (III–V; 1128 cases), type S occurred more frequently than in triphalangeal feet. Of the 30 theoretical arrangements of the L/S types in the lateral toes (II–V) in a complete foot, only 13 patterns were observed. Seven patterns represented 95.6% of the population: LLSS (20.9%), LLLS (17.1%), LSS (15.9%), SSS (14.5%), LSSS (12.7%), LLS (10.1%) and SSSS (4.4%). Type L can be interpreted as the primitive pattern (plesiomorphy), and type S as a derived pattern (apomorphy) that seems specific to the human species (i.e. autapomorphy). Within the specific evolution of the human foot in relation to the acquisition of constant erect posture and bipedalism, the short type of the middle phalanges can reasonably be considered as directly linked to the reduction of the lateral toes.
How action researchers use anxiety to facilitate change in health care
Authors: Evans Nicola , Hopkinson Jane 
Published: March 2016

AimThe aim of this paper is to report on the role of an action researcher in a study investigating the change process in a health service context where a new assessment clinic was developed to manage the excessive waiting list for that service.BackgroundFor effective organisational change in health, there is a suggestion that change agents need to be emotionally intelligent; recognising the emotional state of individuals, reconciling that with the organisational drivers and making an assessment of readiness for organisational change. Anxiety features throughout this literature and there is a suggestion that being aware of anxiety and managing anxiety is within the emotionally intelligent change agent's repertoire, but there is a gap in the literature that explains this relationship in detail.MethodsData were generated to investigate the discrete nature of the role of the action researcher during this organisational change that spanned two years, through three methods: participant observations in the field captured in field notes (n = 72); observations of team meetings that had been recorded and transcribed (n = 13); interviews with key informants pre‐ and postintervention (n = 14); a reflexive diary one document of 8920 words (n = 1).FindingsThe data illuminating the interaction between the action researcher and participants were synthesised into two broad themes: how the action researcher introduced anxiety into the system; how the action researcher facilitated the participants to tolerate change anxiety.Discussion/relevance to clinical practiceThe findings from this study can be applied in clinical practice where change in practice is planned. Part of the requirement of a change agent in the NHS might be to be sufficiently emotionally literate to understand anxiety in the participant system and manage it to effect change.
Fairness versus Efficiency in Public School Assignments
Authors: ÖZEK UMUT 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA critical element in the sustainability of any public policy is the fair treatment of similar individuals. This paper introduces a new dimension of merit to evaluate public school assignment mechanisms based on this notion of equity. I show that there exists no assignment mechanism that is both constrained‐efficient and fair. The findings also reveal that all of the prominent assignment mechanisms discussed in the literature fail to satisfy this fairness criterion.
Classification of phytoplankton cells as live or dead using the vital stains fluorescein diacetate and 5‐chloromethylfluorescein diacetate
Authors: MacIntyre Hugh L. , Cullen John J. 
Published: March 2016

Regulations for ballast water treatment specify limits on the concentrations of living cells in discharge water. The vital stains fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and 5‐chloromethylfluorescein diacetate (CMFDA) in combination have been recommended for use in verification of ballast water treatment technology. We tested the effectiveness of FDA and CMFDA, singly and in combination, in discriminating between living and heat‐killed populations of 24 species of phytoplankton from seven divisions, verifying with quantitative growth assays that uniformly live and dead populations were compared. The diagnostic signal, per‐cell fluorescence intensity, was measured by flow cytometry and alternate discriminatory thresholds were defined statistically from the frequency distributions of the dead or living cells. Species were clustered by staining patterns: for four species, the staining of live versus dead cells was distinct, and live‐dead classification was essentially error free. But overlap between the frequency distributions of living and heat‐killed cells in the other taxa led to unavoidable errors, well in excess of 20% in many. In 4 very weakly staining taxa, the mean fluorescence intensity in the heat‐killed cells was higher than that of the living cells, which is inconsistent with the assumptions of the method. Applying the criteria of ≤5% false negative plus ≤5% false positive errors, and no significant loss of cells due to staining, FDA and FDA+CMFDA gave acceptably accurate results for only 8–10 of 24 species (i.e., 33%–42%). CMFDA was the least effective stain and its addition to FDA did not improve the performance of FDA alone.
No objectively measured sleep disturbances in children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Bergwerff Catharina E. , Luman Marjolein , Oosterlaan Jaap 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThe main goal of this study was to gain more insight into sleep disturbances in children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder, using objective measures of sleep quality and quantity. The evidence for sleep problems in children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder thus far is inconsistent, which might be explained by confounding influences of comorbid internalizing and externalizing problems and low socio‐economic status. We therefore investigated the mediating and moderating role of these factors in the association between attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and sleep problems. To control for the effects of stimulant medication use, all participants were tested free of medication. Sixty‐three children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and 61 typically developing children, aged 6–13 years, participated. Sleep was monitored for one to three school nights using actigraphy. Parent and teacher questionnaires assessed symptoms of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder, internalizing behaviour, oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. Results showed no differences between the attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and typically developing group in any sleep parameter. Within the attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder group, severity of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms was not related to sleep quality or quantity. Moderation analyses in the attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder group showed an interaction effect between attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and internalizing and externalizing behaviour on total sleep time, time in bed and average sleep bout duration. The results of our study suggest that having attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder is not a risk factor for sleep problems. Internalizing and externalizing behaviour moderate the association between attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and sleep, indicating a complex interplay between psychiatric symptoms and sleep.
Sleep duration estimates of Canadian children and adolescents
Authors: Chaput Jean‐Philippe , Janssen Ian 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThe objective of this study was to provide contemporary sleep duration estimates of Canadian school‐aged children and adolescents and to determine the proportion adhering to the sleep duration recommendations. This study included 24 896 participants aged 10–17 years from the 2013/2014 Canadian Health Behaviour in School‐aged Children study (HBSC), a nationally representative cross‐sectional study. Bedtime and wake‐up times were reported by participants and their sleep duration was calculated. Participants were then classified as having a sleep duration that met the recommended range (9–11 h per night for 10–13‐year‐olds or 8–10 h per night for 14–17‐year‐olds), a sleep duration that was shorter than the recommended range or a sleep duration that was longer than the recommended range. An estimated 68% of children aged 10–13 years and 72% of adolescents aged 14–17 years sleep for the recommended amount per night when averaged across all days of the week. Short sleepers represent 31% of school‐aged children and 26% of adolescents. Long sleepers are rare (<2% overall). Children and adolescents sleep ~1 h more at weekends compared to weekdays. Approximately 5% of the participants typically went to bed after midnight on weekdays and 31% did so at weekends; these proportions reached 11 and 45%, respectively, within 16–17‐year‐olds. In general, differences in sleep times between boys and girls are small and not clinically significant. In conclusion, almost one‐third of Canadian children and adolescents sleep less than the recommended amount. Public health efforts should continue to monitor the sleep of Canadian children and adolescents and identify subgroups of the population more likely to be affected by insufficient sleep.
Perception of Difficulties Encountered in Eating Process from European Elderlies' Perspective
Authors: Laguna L. , Mingioni M. , Maitre I. , Vanwymelbeke V. , Pirttijärvi T. , Artigas M.G. , Kautola H. , Järvenpää E. , Mäenpää T. , Tahvonen R. , Grabska‐Kobylecka I. , Nowak D. , Chen J. , Sarkar A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTo maintain wellbeing, independence and nourishment of elderly population, one promising strategy is to provide home care by delivering food using “meals on wheels” (MoW) system. Even when the food is home‐delivered, the difficulties encountered by elderlies during the overall eating process can be a limiting factor. Hence, the objective of this self‐reported study was to explore the difficulty perception in the entire eating process from opening up the package, reheating, hand manipulation and oral processing of the food to bolus swallowing in 405 elderly consumers from five European countries (Finland, France, Poland, Spain and United Kingdom) with three different levels of dependency (category 1: participants living at home with help needed for food purchasing; category 2: participants living at home who need help for meal preparation or meal delivery; category 3: participants living in nursing homes/sheltered accommodation). Frequencies of responses and cross tabulation test were calculated for the difficulties perceived. Results show that the most difficult package to open was the cap irrespective of country or dependency levels (at P < 0.05). Although, glass was the most preferred packaging material, category (P = 0.034) and country (P = 0.001) had significant influence. Self‐feeding dependency was correlated with the eating difficulties perceived, category 1 participants did not perceive difficulties in the meal preparation and reported minimal difficulties in the hand manipulation and oral processing (<30%), whilst the difficulties perceived by categories 2 and 3 were significantly higher (∼60% of participants). The insights generated might be helpful for designing efficient MoW systems with appropriate user‐friendly features.Practical ApplicationsAgeing population is in significant increment in Europe. For elderlies, who are unable to cook due to a various forms of functional incapability, “meals on wheels” (MoW) is a promising approach to extend their independence. In this work, difficulties in the eating process (opening of packaging, meal preparation and self‐feeding) of European elderly population with different levels of self‐eating independency have been investigated using self‐reporting from 405 participants. The most difficult packaging to open was the screw‐cap. Individuals who needed help for only food purchasing did not perceive difficulties in meal preparation and oral processing. Dental status was driving difficulty perception during biting and chewing. It is expected that with the insights generated in this study, MoW operators will improve the packaging in the meals; provide adaptive cutleries and design food with suitable texture ensuring optimum and easy oral processing.
Long‐term outcome of pediatric kidney transplantation: A single‐center experience from Greece
Authors: Papachristou Fotios , Stabouli Stella , Printza Nikoleta , Mitsioni Andromachi , Stefanidis Constantinos , Miserlis Grigorios , Dotis John , Kapogiannis Anastasios , Georgaki‐Angelaki Helen , Gkogka Chrysa , Kollios Konstantinos , Papanikolaou Vasilios 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPediatric kidney Tx has critically altered the outcome in ESRD pediatric patients. The aims of this study were to determine long‐term graft and patient survival in a homogeneous ethnic population. We reviewed the medical charts of pediatric kidney Tx performed between 1990 and 2012 in Greece. Seventy‐five kidney Txs were performed from LRD and 62 from DD. The 10‐ and 20‐yr graft survival was higher in LRD Tx compared with DD Tx. Both patient and graft survival at 10 and 20 yr after Tx were similar in LRD Tx from grandparents compared with parents (92.9% vs. 93.4% 20‐yr patient survival, 71.4% vs. 78.7% and 57.1% vs. 72.1%, 10‐ and 20‐yr graft survival, respectively). However, there was a decreasing tendency in LRD Tx rates in period 2001–2012 compared with period 1990–2000 (47.1% vs. 62.7%). Risk factors for poor five‐yr graft survival were DD Tx, and induction treatment with ALG compared with basiliximab, but their effect attenuated at 10 yr after Tx. In conclusion, Tx from LRD may offer efficient survival outcomes irrespective of donor age, suggesting that even older LRD could be an excellent option for the 1st kidney Tx in children and adolescents.