bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single‐layered retardation films with negative wavelength dispersion birefringence made from liquid‐crystalline monomers
Authors: Yamamoto Mika , Endo Koichi , Kuwana Yasuhiro , Nishiyama Isa 
Published: July 2017

AbstractOrganic light‐emitting diode displays have a cathode composed of a layer of highly reflective metal. Reflection of external light from this layer can be suppressed with a broadband quarter‐wave plate. Although various types of quarter‐wave plate retardation films have been prepared by copolymerizing, mixing, or laminating multiple polymers, ideal wavelength dispersion has not been achieved with thin retardation films because of their relatively low birefringence and the complexity of the procedure required manufacturing them. In this study, we developed (i) new liquid‐crystalline monomers with negative wavelength dispersion birefringence that we used to obtain thin, single‐layered retardation films suitable for coating and (ii) retardation films with different molecular alignments. We found that the monomers showed high solubility and high regularity of molecular alignment, with less damage to the substrate and alignment films. We also investigated the wavelength dispersion and thermal stability of the films. We succeeded in developing retardation films that had a homeotropic alignment or a hybrid alignment with negative wavelength dispersion. These alignments can be used to obtain antireflection films with an improved viewing angle for organic light‐emitting diode displays or next‐generation thin displays.
Photodynamic Therapy of Human Hepatoma Using Semiconductor Quantum Dots as Sole Photosensitizer
Authors: Sun Jiaojiao , Guo Yuming , Zhu Lin , Yang Lin , Shi Weike , Wang Kui , Zhang Hua 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCurrently, the studies about photodynamic therapy (PDT) of human cancers have made considerable progress and attracted tremendous attention. The existing photosensitizers used for PDT are mainly organic compounds. In order to enhance their photosensitizing efficacy, some studies reported hybrid photosensitizers consisting of inorganic quantum dots (QDs) and organic photosensitizers. Herein, a new type of photosensitizer consisting of sole semiconductor CdTe QDs with good photosensitizing efficacy, excellent water dispersibility, and stability is reported. The photosensitizer is prepared through a facile one‐step strategy using sodium hyaluronate as a stabilizing and targeting agent. Different from most of the previous reports, the as‐prepared QDs do not show inhibition effects on normal cells in the experimental concentration range, but can also be directly utilized as a photosensitizer to specifically and remarkably inhibit the proliferation of human hepatoma cells. Mechanism studies reveal that the QDs could be specifically internalized by hepatoma cells, considerably induce the generation of intracellular reactive oxidative species under light illumination, and significantly induce the necrosis of hepatoma cells. This work provides an inspiration for the direct application of QDs as a new type of photosensitizer to specifically and significantly treat human hepatoma through PDT.
A Novel Base‐Solvent Controlled Chemoselective Azide Attack on an Ester Group versus Keto in Alkyl 3‐Substituted 3‐Oxopropanoates: Mechanistic Insights
Authors: Pokhodylo Nazariy T. , Shyyka Olga Ya. , Matiychuk Vasyl S. , Obushak Mykola D. , Pavlyuk Volodymyr V. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDuring the exploration of arylazides reactions with alkyl 3‐substituted‐3‐oxopropanoates under the Dimroth reaction conditions (MeONa‐MeOH) azide attack on ester group versus keto was found out in few examples yielding stable 3‐alkyl‐2‐diazo‐3‐oxo‐N‐(aryl)propanamides instead of obvious target 1‐aryl‐5‐alkyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazole‐4‐carboxylic acids. The formation of diazocompounds was observed in case of 3‐(4,4‐diethoxymethyl)‐, isopropyl‐, cyclopropyl‐3‐oxopropanoate in the reaction with arylazides, especially, those containing electro‐withdrawing substituents. Influence of the base‐solvent system on diazo products yields was investigated and mechanistic insights of Dimroth reaction were discussed.
Bioinspired Green and Facile Fabrication of Au@Ag@AgCl Hybrid Nanoparticles and Their Catalytic and Antimicrobial Properties
Authors: Devi Thengujam Babita , Ahmaruzzaman Mohammed 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe describe a novel green synthesis of Au@Ag@AgCl nanoparticles (NPs) using Aquilaria agallocha leaf juice. It was observed that the growths of nanoparticles are ceased within 20 min of reaction time. The results confirmed that the Aquilaria agallocha is a very good eco‐friendly and nontoxic source for the synthesis of nanoparticles as compared to the conventional chemical and physical methods. To the best knowledge of the authors, it was for the first time we developed Au@Ag@AgCl nanoparticles using Aquilaria agallocha leaf juice. The presence of chloride ion in the leaf juice was detected by the Mohr's method. Further it was confirmed by XRD and XPS technique. The synthesized NPs were characterized by several instrumental techniques and spherical in shape with particle size in range of 10–15 nm. Because of the medicinal properties of Aquilaria agallocha leaf juice, synthesized NPs exhibited antimicrobial activity against various pathogens. In this article, we found that the Au@Ag@AgCl NPs showed better antimicrobial properties as compared to the metallic nanoparticles like AgNPs or AuNPs. We also investigated the catalytic property of the synthesized NPs in the reduction of toxic nitrocompounds.
Promoting Effects of Lanthan on Ru/AC for Ammonia Synthesis: Tuning Catalytic Efficiency and Stability Simultaneously
Authors: Ni Jun , Lin Jingdong , Wang Xiuyun , Lin Bingyu , Lin Jianxin , Jiang Lilong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLa−Ba‐K−Ru/AC catalysts for ammonia synthesis were prepared by co‐impregnation method using graphited active‐carbon as the support and water‐soluble chloride‐free Ru complex as the precursor. The results demonstrate that the La promoted Ba‐K−Ru/AC catalysts exhibit good catalytic activity, high thermal stability and strong resistance against methanation. TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope) and CO (carbon monoxide) chemisorption analysis indicate that the Ru particles had a relatively uniform size of 3∼5 nm and the particle surface might be partially covered by LaOx and BaOx. H2‐TPR (Temperature Programmed Reduction) results suggest that strong interactions might exist between the Ru particles and the promoters (La and Ba). The N2‐TPD (Temperature Programmed Desorption) and H2‐TPD measurements show that the presence of small amount of La enhances the adsorption of N2 and inhibits the adsorption of H2, resulting in higher TOF values and better catalytic performances. Moreover, no obvious agglomeration of Ru particles was observed on the catalysts after heat resistance. The superior catalytic stability of La−Ba‐K−Ru/AC is associated with its strong resistance against methanation of active‐carbon due to highly coverage of ruthenium surface and strong inhibition of hydrogen by promoters.
Synthesis of MoS2 Quantum Dots Uniformly Dispersed on Low Dimensional MoS2 Nanosheets and Unravelling its Multiple Emissive States
Authors: Pallikkarathodi Mani Neema , Ganiga Manjunatha , Cyriac Jobin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe demonstrate a simple and green route for the synthesis of MoS2 quantum dots (QDs) of size 1‐4 nm dispersed uniformly over the mono and bilayered, low dimensional MoS2 sheets, referred as MoS2 quantum dots dispersed over nanosheets (MoS2 QDNS). The synthesis was accomplished by the high temperature hydrothermal reaction of bulk MoS2 in aqueous NaOH. The MoS2 QDNS displays luminescence emission spanning a large portion of the UV and visible region of electromagnetic spectrum, envisaged to stem from both QDs and the nanosheets. A detailed photophysical characterization including time resolved fluorescence were carried out to unfold the origin of photoluminescence (PL) emission from this hybrid nanostructure. Our studies reveal that, blue and red portion of the emission are solely from QDs and the nanosheets, respectively. Whereas intermediate segment of the emission hail from the synergistic contribution of QDs and nanosheets. The MoS2 QDNS, manifests excellent stability, retained its characteristic morphology and PL even after several months. Finally, the excellent pH responsive PL emission of MoS2 QDNS makes them a promising candidate for biological and environmental applications.
Polyethyleneimine‐Polyoxometalate‐Based Supramolecular Self‐assembled pH‐Responsive Hydrogels: Formulation and in vitro Evaluation
Authors: Azizullah  , Haider Ali , Kortz Ulrich , Joshi Sachin A. , Iqbal Jamshed 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn the present study electrostatically‐driven pH responsive supramolecular, self‐assembled hydrogels of the trilacunary Wells‐Dawson‐type 15‐tungsto‐2‐phosphate polyanion [P2W15O56]12− (P2W15) and polyethyleneimine were prepared. Crosslinking was achieved through electrostatic interactions between cationic polyethyleneimine and P2W15. The pH responsiveness was induced by acrylic acid. Benzoyl peroxide was used as an initiator, for initiating the polymerization reaction, anchoring polyacrylic acid on the polyethyleneimine skeleton. The prepared sea‐green color hydrogels were characterized by FT‐IR, SEM, XRD and thermal analysis (TGA‐DSC). The swelling index, P2W15 release studies and pH responsive properties of the developed supramolecular hydrogels were evaluated at pH 1.2 and 7.4, showing maximum swellability and release characteristics at pH 7.4. For determining the P2W15 release mechanism different mathematical models such as zero order, first order, Higuchi model and Krosmeyer‐Peppas models were applied and the results showed that embedded P2W15 release follows zero‐order kinetics. The cytotoxicity results showed that naked and embedded P2W15 exhibited dose‐dependent cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines (MCF‐7; Hela) with minimal effects on normal cells (Vero). The hydrogels developed through electrostatic interactions exhibited desirable qualities of a drug delivery system that can be used for the delivery of the embedded polyanion.
Centrosymmetric Versus Noncentrosymmetric: Structural and Optical Studies on Inorganic‐Organic Hybrid Compounds of Bismuth Thiourea Iodide Resulting from Acid Effect
Authors: Li Ming , Xia Mingjun , Xiao Huining 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA series of crystals of bismuth thiourea iodide (Bi[CS(NH2)2][CS(NH2)2H]2I5, Bi[CS(NH2)2H]3I6, and Bi[CS(NH2)2H]6I9) have been successfully grown from hydroiodic acid solution of thiourea and bismuth oxide by slow evaporation technique. Interestingly, they exhibit distinct crystal structures resulting from the proton effect on the cation coordination. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction reveals that they belong to three different crystal systems, P21/c for Bi[CS(NH2)2H]3I6, R
c for Bi[CS(NH2)2H]6I9, and only Bi[CS(NH2)2][CS(NH2)2H]2I5 into a noncentrosymmetric space group Pca21, with unit cell dimensions of a=15.755(3) Å, b=9.3257(19) Å, c=14.855(3) Å, and Z=4. It is observed that thiourea molecules in Bi[CS(NH2)2][CS(NH2)2H]2I5 adopt a novel coordination mode with central ions in which they can be classified into two parts: the ones which coordinate with the central metal ions and the protonated ones which are isolated in the crystal lattice. Meanwhile, all the thiourea molecules are protonated in Bi[CS(NH2)2H]3I6, and the central Bi3+ coordinates only with I− as the acidity increases. Furthermore, central Bi3+ in Bi[CS(NH2)2H]6I9 employs the similar coordination mode with Bi[CS(NH2)2H]3I6. However, more thiourea molecules are protonated (up to 6 protonated thiourea molecules vs. 3 ones in Bi[CS(NH2)2H]3I6) as the acidity keeps increasing. It is noteworthy that acidity is confirmed to be the key factor of crystallization and crystallographic structures. Thermal analysis shows that all compounds have high thermal stability up to 180 oC. In addition, optical characterizations such as FTIR, diffuse reflectance spectra and NLO test are also conducted.
Microencapsulation and Morphological Characterization of Renewable Microencapsulated Phase‐Change Materials with Cellulose Diacetate Shell
Authors: Li Wei , Huang Rui , Zong Jiwen , Zhang Xingxiang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this study, a series of microcapsules containing phase change material (MicroPCMs) with cellulose diacetate shell derived from natural renewable cellulose were fabricated via solution spray method. The effects of preparation parameters on the surface morphology and microstructure of cellulose diacetate microcapsules were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscope (FE‐SEM). Then the obtained MicroPCMs were treated with crosslinking reagent glutaraldehyde to enhance the sealness and compactness of shell. The craters existed on the surface of cellulose diacetate MicroPCMs increased the specific surface area, thus the heat‐exchange surface of PCMs core enhanced accordingly. The phase change behavior and thermal stability of MicroPCMs were investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. While fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were employed to studied the chemical composition and surface elements of MicroPCMs. Potential applications of this renewable MicroPCMs include thermal energy storage and thermal regulation/control fields.
Heteroleptic Complexes of the Tridentate Pyridine‐2,6‐di‐tetrazolate Ligand
Authors: Krest Alexander , Sandleben Aaron , Valldor Martin , Werker Melanie , Ruschewitz Uwe , Klein Axel 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe synthesis and spectroscopic characterisation of a series of heteroleptic complexes of the tridentate pyridine‐2,6‐di‐(5‐tetrazolate) (pydtz2−) with Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) and pyridine (Py) and H2O as coligands is reported. Single crystal XRD data reveals the formation of octahedrally configured complexes [Co(pydtz)(H2O)(Py)2], [Co(pydtz)(H2O)2(Py)]⋅2H2O, [Ni(pydtz)(Py)3]⋅2Py, and [Zn(pydtz)(H2O)(Py)2]⋅Py, and a markedly Jahn‐Teller distorted octahedral structure for [Cu(pydtz)(H2O)2(Py)]. Magnetic measurements reveal a S = 3/2 high‐spin configuration for the Co(II) complex [Co(pydtz)(H2O)(Py)2], an S = 1 ground state for the Ni(II) derivative and S = 1/2 Cu(II) ions for [Cu(pydtz)(H2O)2(Py)], the latter is supported by electron‐paramagnetic‐resonance spectroscopy. The crystalline materials are subject to severe corrosion as revealed by powder XRD and DSC‐TG experiments. H2O and pyridine co‐crystallisates and coligands are easily cleaved. At the same time DSC‐TG reveal very high stability of the [M(pydtz)] fragments with exothermic decomposition at T > 300 °C. As a consequence, in pyridine solution in all cases the species [M(pydtz)(Py)3] are observed. Ultraviolet‐visible light absorption spectroscopy reveals a strong ligand field procured by the pydtz2− ligand and electrochemical measurements suggest very strong σ‐donation but only weak π‐accepting abilities of pydtz2− compared to the isostructural terpy (2,2’;6’,2’’‐terpyridine) ligand.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Iodides with Heterobicyclic Olefins: Access to Hydroarylated and Heteroannulated Motifs
Authors: Vijayan Ajesh , Jumaila Choorappulan Ummu , Baiju Thekke Veettil , Radhakrishnan Kokkuvayil Vasu 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTransition metal catalyzed synthetic transformations of bicyclic olefins have acquired considerable attention towards the construction of biologically relevant carbocycles and heterocycles. In this regard, urea derived bicyclic olefins grabbed our attention due to its tremendous biological significance and synthetic potential. Herein, we report a palladium catalyzed reductive Heck reaction of urea‐derived bicyclic olefins toward the synthesis of hydroarylated and heteroannulated motifs using aryl iodides. The reaction of aryl iodides in the presence of a hydrogen donor such as formic acid furnished the hydroarylated products in moderate to excellent yields. Heteroannulated products such as dihydrobenzofuran derivatives were obtained in moderate to good yields with 2‐iodophenols in the absence of a hydrogen donor. We were also successful in extending this strategy to 2‐iodobenzylbromide and 2‐iodobenzonitrile towards the synthesis of ring fused indane and indanone derivatives. To our dismay, the reactions with 2‐iodoaniline to provide the expected indoline derivatives remained futile. The presence of biologically significant urea moieties coupled with naturally as well as pharmaceutically prevalent carbo/heterocyclic derivatives in the products authenticate the relevance of the current synthetic strategy.
Cobalt(III)‐Catalyzed C‐H Amidation of Azobenzene Derivatives Using Dioxazolone as an Amidating Reagent
Authors: Hande Akshay Ekanath , Muniraj Nachimuthu , Prabhu Kandikere Ramaiah 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAn efficient method for ortho‐amidation of azobenzene in the presence of Co(III)‐catalyst has been developed. Dioxazolone has been used as an environmently benign and a mild amidating reagent. The wide range of symmetrical and unsymmetrical azobenzene derivatives have been synthesized using this protocol. This operationally simple, practical, mild and eco‐friendly method provides an opportunity to synthesize a variety of azobenzene derivatives in good to moderate yields.
Combined analyses of costs, market value and eco-costs in circular business models: eco-efficient value creation in remanufacturing
Authors: Vogtlander Joost G. , Scheepens Arno E. , Bocken Nancy M. P. , Peck David 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Eco-efficient Value Creation is a method to analyse innovative product and service design together with circular business strategies. The method is based on combined analyses of the costs, market value (perceived customer value) and eco-costs. This provides a prevention-based single indicator for ‘external environmental costs’ in LCA. The remanufacturing of products is an environmental and sustainable approach, in the circular economy, and can deliver lower eco-costs of materials depletion and pollution. From a business point of view, however, remanufacturing seems to be viable in B2B niche markets only. In consumer markets, remanufacturing is less common. The question is how can remanufacturing become a viable business solution for mainstream consumer markets. Traditional ‘green’ marketing approaches are not enough: green has a positive, but also negative connotations, so marketing approaches are complex. By using the Eco-efficient Value Creation method, marketing strategies for the roll-out of remanufacturing in mainstream consumer markets, can be revealed. This approach has led to the development of five aspects, which are key to innovative circular business models, for remanufacturing: (1) buyers differ from the buyers of the ‘new product’ (2) quality must be emphasised in all communications (3) risk must be taken away from the buyer (4) top level service is required to convince the buyer (5) a ‘green’ brand may support the remanufactured product image.
Evaluating two-dimensional warranty policies for remanufactured products
Authors: Alqahtani Ammar Y. , Gupta Surendra M. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The modern world is experiencing an unprecedented pace of technological change. The introduction of new technological products encourages consumers to trade in old products for new so that they can keep up with the latest in technology. One of the consequences of this rapid change in technology is that product life cycles are very short and there is an abundance of old technology products that need to be disposed of, but this is happening at a time when the earth of running out of natural resources and suitable landfill areas. Remanufactured products are very popular with consumers due to their appeal to offer latest technology with lower prices compared to brand new products. The quality of a remanufactured product induces hesitation for many consumers, in regards to its efficacy and reliability. Therefore, the users are unsure if remanufactured products will have the capacity to render the same expected performance as that of a new device. This uncertainty regarding a remanufactured product could lead the consumer to make a determination against its purchase. With such expansive consumer apprehension, remanufacturers often employ marketing strategies in attempts to provide affirmation about product durability. One stratagem that remanufacturers could employ to encourage customer security are product warranties. The aim of this paper is to study and scrutinize the impact that would be had by offering renewing/non-renewing warranties on remanufactured products. The Advanced Remanufacturing-To-Order (ARTO) system deliberated on in this study is a sort of product recovery system. A discrete-event simulation model was developed from the view of remanufacturer for remanufactured items sold with two-dimensional warranty, in which, an End-Of-Use product (EOUP) is subjected to preventive maintenance action when the remaining life of the product reaches a pre-specified value so that the remanufacturer’s expected profit can be maximized. Experiments were design using Taguchi’s Orthogonal Arrays to represent the full recovery system and observe its behavior under different experimental conditions. In order to assess the impact of warranty and preventive maintenance on remanufacturer total cost, pairwise t tests were carried out along with one-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey pairwise comparisons test for each performance measure of the ARTO system.
Pricing, refund, and coordination optimization in a two stages supply chain of green and non-green products under hybrid production mode
Authors: Taleizadeh Ata Allah , Heydarian Hossein 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In this research, a joint pricing and refund optimization problem under cooperative and non-cooperative strategies in a two-stage supply chain consists of a supplier and a manufacturer who produces two types of product; green and non-green is developed. The features of both products in usage and functional are same but in price and environmentally aspect are different. Moreover refund policy is considered for both products that can affect on customers’ decision. We explore and analyze the system performance under both non-cooperative and cooperative strategies. The Stackelberg game in cooperative and Rubinstein bargaining in non-cooperative environments are applied respectively. Results show the cooperation of members increase their profits and products demand for both types of products. By increasing the value of potential demand, refund amount of green product and profits in cooperative and non-cooperative cases are increased and refund amount of non-green product is decreased. Changes of utility level sensitivity to the refund amount of green and non-green products have direct relations with refund amount and system profits, unless the utility level sensitivity to the refund amount of non-green product has contrariwise relationship with the refund amount of non-green products.