bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Re-configurable Mode-sorter for Arbitrary Mode Generation and Detection
Authors: Lavery Martin , Boldin Aleksandr , Daly Ultan , Milanizadeh Maziyar , Alsaigh Rakan , Chen Zhaozhong , Miller David , Morichetti Francesco 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Pixelated approaches to wavefront sensing and generation are commonplace, but inefficient and present core challenges for development of effective phase array antenna due to the physical limitation in grating coupler placement and 2D Nyquist sampling limits. A major challenge in the use of pixelated PICs for free-space applications is that arrays of grating couplers commonly have low fill factor due to manufacturing constraints and waveguide cross-coupling, that lead to significant loss of power to grating lobes. We present a new programmable approach for free-space optical mode sorting that combines a re-configurable photonic integrated circuit (PIC) with a passive Optical Mode Selective Interface (OMSI) that eliminates grating lobes and fill factor losses. This approach can reduce the number of required on-chip optical inputs by a factor of more than 4, and sort spatial modes in four different orthogonal mode groups with a mean inter-channel cross-talk for sorting of approximately 22dB without any change to the physical optical system. This approach could alleviate many of the issues related to scaling of PIC technologies, reducing both optical losses and complexity for future systems that incorporate PIC devices.
Investigating the use of the HIS-based BOPPPS teaching model in medical imaging experimental course instruction
Authors: Yang Ziqing , Zhen Siyu , Pan Ben , Wei Hanyu , Li Qiang , Yue Junyan , Hu Ying , Liang Changhua 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The efficacy of traditional teaching medical imaging experimental courses is not optimal due to a number of flaws. This study's main goal was to find out how well the Bridge-In, Outcomes, Pre-Assessment, Participatory Learning, Post-Assessment, and Summary (BOPPPS) teaching model, which is based on the Hospital Information System (HIS), works when teaching medical imaging experimental courses to undergraduate students pursuing five years of medical imaging education.
Methods
117 medical imaging students who were interning at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University in the academic year 2021–2022 made up the research subjects. During the first semester, the first group was instructed using the BOPPPS teaching model based on HIS, while the second group was instructed using the standard teaching model. The two student groups swapped instructional models in the second semester. After the course, questionnaire surveys and closed-book exams were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the instruction.
Results
Compared to the group using the traditional teaching model, the BOPPPS teaching model group scored significantly higher on case reading and overall final test outcomes, and this difference was statistically significant (In the first semester, the scores of case reading questions were 39.27 ± 3.39 VS 35.31 ± 2.77,P < 0.001; the total scores were 77.47 ± 6.61 VS 74.33 ± 4.17,P = 0.003. In the second semester, the scores of case reading questions were 39.79 ± 3.45 VS 35.47 ± 3.15,P < 0.001; the total scores were 78.36 ± 5.11 VS 74.53 ± 5.68, P < 0.001). On multiple-choice questions, however, there was no statistically significant difference in the scores between the standard teaching model group and the BOPPPS teaching model group. Over 80% of the students rated questions 1–9 with a score of 4 or 5, indicating that students' evaluations of the BOPPPS teaching model in terms of learning efficiency, interest, clinical reasoning ability, and course satisfaction were all consistently positive.
Conclusion
The BOPPPS teaching model based on HIS system is a supplement, perfection and optimization of traditional medical imaging experimental courses teaching, and is helpful to improve the effectiveness and satisfaction of medical imaging experimental courses teaching.
The mediating role of depression in the relationship between fatigue and sleep quality in kidney transplant patients
Authors: Yang Jing-Hua , Zhang Ping , Du Zhen , Tian Tian , Zhou Wei , Zhang Rong-Mei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the mediating role of depression between fatigue and sleep quality in patients after renal transplantation.
Methods: The general information questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20) and Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) were used to evaluate 200 kidney transplant patients in our department from May 2019 to November 2020.
Results: The total PSQI score is (5.31±2.47) points. This study shows that the total score of PSQI is positively correlated with the total score of PHQ and MFI (r=0.422/0.468, P&lt;0.01 for both). Depression partially mediates the relationship between fatigue and sleep quality in kidney transplant patients. The indirect effect is 0.130, accounting for 29.8% of the total effect.
Conclusion: Fatigue may not only directly affect the sleep quality of patients after renal transplantation, but also indirectly affect sleep quality through the mediating effect of depression.
Investigating the Profile of Patients with Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies in the Post-COVID-19 Period: Emphasizing Myocardial Injury
Authors: Cheng Lu , Li Yan-hong , Wu Yin-lan , Luo Yu-bin , Zhou Yu , Ye Tong , Liang Xiu-ping , Wu Tong , Huang De-ying , Zhao Jing , Liu Yi , Liang Zongan , Tan Chunyu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has changed the characteristics of many diseases. It remains unclear whether idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) exhibit distinct phenotypes in the context of COVID-19.
Methods: This retrospective study included 171 IIMs patients with a history of COVID-19 (prior COVID-19, PC) and 121 without (no-prior COVID-19, NPC). Medical histories, lab tests, and echocardiography data were compared.
Results: PC group exhibited a greater incidence of cardiac damage, including a greater proportion of clinical diagnosis of myocarditis (p=0.02), palpitation (p=0.031), and MYOACT/MITAX cardiovascular involvement scores (all p＜0.001), and elevated levels of myoglobin (MYO, p=0.03), creatinine kinase MB (CK-MB, p=0.015), cardiac troponin T (cTnT, p=0.011), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP, p=0.028), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, p=0.033), and hydroxybutyrate de-hydrogenase (HBDH, p=0.019). Echocardiographic analysis revealed greater diameter of left atrium (LA, p=0.040), left ventricle (LV, p=0.013), greater thicknesses of interventricular septum (IVS, p=0.043), and greater end-diastolic volume (EDV, p=0.036) in the PC group than in the NPC group. Transcriptional data analysis based on public databases indicated that various mechanisms, including collagen matrix proliferation, calcium ion pathway regulation, oxidative stress, cell proliferation, and inflammatory molecules, collectively contribute to the pathogenesis of myocardial damage in patients with IIMs and COVID-19.
Conclusion: The study serves as a crucial reminder for clinicians to remain vigilant regarding the enduring cardiovascular consequences associated with IIMs subsequent to COVID-19.
A point prevalence survey of antimicrobial use in two hospitals in Western Kenya
Authors: Nyaboke Emmah , Ogola Joseph , Okumu Mitchel , Wasike Joan , Naliaka Carolyne , Lusweti Victor , Anyanzwa Lydia , Kamau Peter , Omesa Eunice , Kimani Tabitha , Omani Ruth 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Information from point prevalence surveys can guide antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs). The aim of the present study was to document the use of antimicrobial agents at two hospitals in Western Kenya, namely Bungoma County Referral Hospital (BCRH) and Webuye County Hospital (WCH).
Methods
The World Health Organization (WHO) Global Point Prevalence Survey (G-PPS) tool was used to collect sociodemographic information of study participants, the type of antimicrobial agents used, indications for antimicrobial use, and diagnostic tests conducted on participants. Files were selected over 24 hours, data was abstracted between July and October 2022, and analysis was carried out on SPSS version 26.
Results
Among the 361 patients, 223 (61.8%) were on antibiotics. The most common antibiotics used were ceftriaxone (123/237; 34.5%), metronidazole (89/237; 24.9%), and flucloxacillin (36/237; 10.1%). Most (60/237; 25.4%) antibiotics at the WCH were prescribed empirically, while most (46/237; 19.5%) antibiotics at the BCRH were prescribed for prophylaxis. Pneumonia was the leading indication for antibiotic prescriptions at BCRH (18/169, 9.5%), while clinical sepsis (17/169;9.9%) was the leading indication for antibiotic prescriptions at the WCH. 16/237 (6.8%) of the patients who had an antibiotic prescribed were subjected to culture and sensitivity testing, but only 9/16 (81.8%) received the results of the antimicrobial susceptibility tests within the study period.
Conclusions
Penicillins and Cephalosporins were widely used, prescribing/clinical practices vary from one hospital to another, and microbiological tests were underutilized in the study area. There is a need for enhanced antimicrobial and diagnostic stewardship in the study area.
Effective Second-line b/tsDMARDs for Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Unresponsive to First-line b/tsDMARDs From the FIRST Registry
Authors: Kanda Ryuichiro , Miyazaki Yusuke , Nakayamada Shingo , Fukuyo Shunsuke , Kubo Satoshi , Miyagawa Ippei , Yamaguchi Ayako , Satoh-Kanda Yurie , Ohkubo Naoaki , Todoroki Yasuyuki , Ueno Masanobu , Nagayasu Atsushi , Kusaka Katsuhide , Sakai Hidenori , Matsunaga Satsuki , Nohara Hirotsugu , Tanaka Yoshiya 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background For patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) unresponsive to first-line biologic/targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (b/tsDMARDs), the selection of second-line b/tsDMARDs is crucial to prevent progression to difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis (D2TRA). However, indicators for selection are lacking. This study aimed to identify optimal second-line b/tsDMARDs among the Phase III treatment strategies based on European League Against Rheumatism Rheumatoid Arthritis management recommendations (EULAR RA management recommendations).Methods 687 RA patients treated with second-line b/tsDMARDs (Tumour necrosis factor inhibitor [n = 246], Anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody [n = 195], Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 immunoglobulin [n = 119], Janus kinase inhibitor [n = 127]) were enrolled between October 2013 and April 2023. Rates of patients achieving Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) remission and CDAI Low Disease Activity (LDA), changes in CDAI, persistence rates, and adverse events within 24 weeks after treatment initiation were compared among the four groups. Propensity score-based inverse probability of treatment weighting (PS-IPTW) was used to minimise selection bias.Results After PS-IPTW adjustment, the janus kinase inhibitor (JAKi) group had the highest persistence rate among the four groups. At 24 weeks, the JAKi group showed the greatest improvement in CDAI and the highest CDAI remission rate. Among patients treated with JAKi as second-line b/tsDMARDs, upadacitinib (UPA) was most likely to achieve CDAI remission at 24 weeks. The comparison between the UPA group (n = 32) and the Non-UPA JAKi group (tofacitinib and baricitinib [n = 95]) showed comparable persistence rates but significantly lower CDAI scores and higher CDAI remission rate at 24 weeks in the UPA group. No significant difference was noted in the overall incidence of adverse events among the four groups treated with b/tsDMARDs or between the groups treated with JAKi.Conclusions Selecting JAKi, especially UPA, may effectively improve the disease activity for RA patients unresponsive to first-line b/tsDMARDs. However, the number of patients treated with UPA was relatively small in this study. Further large-scale studies are needed to clarify the efficacy and safety of UPA.
The mediating role of family burden in the association between family functioning and post-traumatic stress symptoms among parents of children with leukemia in Xinjiang, China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Liu Zixuan , Ma Guiyuan , Xiao Yuqiao , Yan Ping , Zhang Hong , Liu Li , Xu Jia , Zhang Tianruixue , Gu Can 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To analyze the current levels of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) among parents of children with leukemia in Xinjiang, China, and to explore the mediating role of family burden in the association between family function and PTSS.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 209 parents of children with leukemia from a tertiary hospital in Xinjiang, China. Participants completed a social demographic questionnaire, the Family APGAR Index, the Family Burden Scale of Disease, and the post-traumatic stress disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with PTSS. Structural equation modeling was used to verify the mediating effect of family burden.
Results
Family income, disease duration, family function, and family burden were significantly associated with PTSS. PTSS was negatively associated with family function (r = -0.571, P < 0.001) and positively associated with family burden (r = 0.523, P < 0.001). Family burden mediated the relationship between family functioning and PTSS. Family function had an indirect effect on PTSS through family burden (β = −0.173, 95% confidence interval: -0.296, -0.088, P = 0.001).
Conclusion
Our findings emphasize the mediating role of family burden in the relationship between family function and PTSS among parents of children with leukemia. Health professionals should develop targeted family-centered care measures to ameliorate family function and decrease family burden, thus improving parents’ mental health.
Interactive Segmentation of Compressed Spinal Canal and Cord in Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy
Authors: Park Sung Bae , Han Sangmin , Cho Woonwoo , Kim Chi Heon 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Study Design: Retrospective Diagnostic Study
Objective: We aim to develop an interactive segmentation model that can offer accuracy and reliability for the segmentation of the compressed spinal cord in degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM).
Setting:Boramae Medical Center, Korea.
Methods: A dataset of 1,444 frames from 294 MRI records of DCM patients was used and we developed two different segmentation models for comparison: autosegmentation and interactive segmentation. The former was based on U-Net and utilized a pretrained ConvNeXT-tiny as its encoder. For the latter, we employed an interactive segmentation model structured by SimpleClick, a large model that utilizes a vision transformer as its backbone, together with simple fine-tuning. The segmentation performances of the two models were compared in terms of their DICE scores. The efficiency of the interactive segmentation model was evaluated by the number of clicks required to achieve a target mean intersection over union (mIoU).
Results: The auto and interactive segmentation models with 10 clicks returned a 0.8226 and 0.9537 DICE score for cases involving canal segmentation and a 0.7363 and 0.7767 DICE score for cases involving cord mask segmentation alone, respectively. The required clicks for the interactive segmentation model to achieve a 90% mIoU for spinal canal with cord cases and 80% mIoU for spinal cord cases were 11.71 and 11.99, respectively.
Conclusions: We found that the interactive segmentation model outperformed the autosegmentation model. Simple manual inputs can help the model identify a region of interest in the irregular shape of spinal cord.
Sponsorship: No sponsorship
Clinical diagnosis of Tuberculosis with atypical manifestations involving Liver, and spleen with spontaneous subscapular hematoma: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Ayen Addisu Assfaw , Genetu Abere , Belay Bekalu Mekonen , Fekadie Mengistu Melak , Kassa Belayneh Dessie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Isolated liver and spleen involvement of Tuberculosis (TB) is a rare presentation.
Case presentation
A 60-year-old male patient from Bahir Dar city in the Amhara region of Ethiopia presented with a four-month history of low-grade fever, significant weight loss, drenching night sweating, poor appetite, exertional shortness of breath, and easy fatigability. Two weeks before his presentation, all the above symptoms worsened, and also started to feel left upper quadrant (LUQ) abdominal pain with a dragging sensation. He had hepatosplenomegaly. Abdominal ultrasound showed hepatosplenomegaly with linear hypoechoic area seen at the upper pole of the spleen, likely infarctions, and also there was a few small periportal Lymphadenopathy. An abdominal CT scan showed a sub-capsular hematoma on the upper pole of the spleen. extrapulmonary tuberculosis (Hepatosplenic TB) was considered and anti-TB medications started. On his 6th month of follow-up and evaluation, his symptoms were improved with normal physical findings and normal investigation findings.
Conclusion
even though isolated hepatosplenic TB is a rare condition, it has to be considered especially in low socio-economic communities after excluding other alternative diagnoses.
Factors influencing the age of first hospitalization in patients with chronic schizophrenia: Role of clinical features and blood parameters
Authors: Hao Qingling , Yang Yuan , Yang Shutong , Ding Yu , Li Cui , Luo Guoshuai , Zhang Xiangyang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
This study aims to identify the factors influencing the age of first hospitalization in patients with chronic schizophrenia, focusing on clinical features and blood parameters.
Methods
A total of 1271 patients diagnosed with chronic schizophrenia were recruited from 17 psychiatric hospitals across China. Demographic and clinical data, including age of first hospitalization, were collected. The study also included assessments of psychiatric symptoms, duration of untreated psychosis (DUP), and various blood parameters. Statistical analyses were conducted to examine the relationships between these factors and the age of first hospitalization.
Results
The average age of first hospitalization was 28.07 ± 9.993 years. Single patients and those with a family history of mental illness were hospitalized at a younger age. Patients with suicidal ideation or behavior also had an earlier hospitalization age compared to those without such history. Regression analysis revealed that marital status (single), family history of mental illness, and suicide ideation or behavior were significant risk factors for earlier hospitalization age. Conversely, DUP, total protein (TP), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were positively correlated with the age of first hospitalization, while antipsychotic medication dosage and albumin (ALB) levels were negatively correlated.
Conclusions
The study identifies significant demographic, clinical, and biochemical factors associated with the age of first hospitalization in chronic schizophrenia patients in China. These findings underscore the importance of early intervention and targeted support for high-risk groups to improve treatment outcomes.
The Clinical Significance of Elastic Lamina Invasion in Patients with pStage II Colorectal Cancer: A Notable Prognostic Indicator
Authors: Shirouzu Kazuo , Hisaka Toru , Fujita Fumihiko , Yoshida Takefumi , Koushi Kenichi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Some colorectal cancers (CRCs) are clinically diagnosed as cT4a with serosal invasion (SI). However, the cT4a is most often underdiagnosed pathologically as pT3 without SI by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining alone. Using Elastica-Van Gieson (EVG) staining, some pT3 tumors invade the elastic lamina (EL), which extends just below the serosal layer. Recently, EL invasion (ELI) has been described as a poor prognostic factor for disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with pStage II CRC. However, its clinicopathological significance remains unclear due to the limited number of studies and poor understanding of ELI.
Objective
This study investigated the association between ELI and prognosis.
Methods
After 1982, pathological diagnosis was routinely performed using H&E and EVG staining methods and long-term follow up was performed until 2016. All clinicopathological features including ELI were prospectively registered into our computer and 605 patients with pStage II CRC were collected from the database. Based on ELI status, pT3 was divided into pathological three categories; pT3ELI − was defined as pT3a, pT3ELI + as pT3b and unidentified EL (pT3EL−) as pT3u.
Results
Using H&E staining alone, gross cT4a was most often pathologically underdiagnosed as pT3 (93.4%) and very rarely as pT4a, resulting in a large diagnostic discrepancy. Using EVG staining, 59.2% of cT4a cases were diagnosed as pT3b. The 10-year DFS and OS rates were similar for pT3a and pT3u. However, the 10-year DFS and OS rates of pT3b were significantly lower than that of pT3a (76.8% vs. 95.8%, p < 0.001 and 58.7% vs. 69.3%, p = 0.003, respectively) but did not differ from that of pT4a (74.3%, p = 0.771 and 51.5%, p = 0.157, respectively). Multivariate analysis identified ELI as the strongest independent risk factor for recurrence and CRC-specific death (p < 0.0001).
Conclusions
A better understanding of ELI allows us to reconsider the diagnostic discrepancy of serosal invasion, i.e., pT3b should be considered pT4a. The ELI-based subclassification of pT3 is expected to be incorporated into the TNM staging system in the future. ELI is a notable prognostic indicator in patients with pStage II CRC.
Comparing Soft Tissue Outcomes in Skeletal Class II Malocclusion: Anterior Segmental Osteotomy vs. Non-Surgical Orthodontic Treatment
Authors: Choo Hyunhee , Kim Young Ho , Hong Pureum , Choi Young-Jin , Kim Reuben , Chae Hwa Sung 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives: Temporary anchorage devices (TAD) has reduced the need for anterior segmental osteotomy (ASO) in patients with Class I malocclusion. Previous studies were mostly published before the widespread use of TADs. Therefore, new guidelines are required to determine the optimal approach between surgery and orthodontic treatment. The purpose of this study is to establish guidelines on the choice between ASO and non-ASO (NASO) based on soft tissue considerations.
Materials and Methods: Sixty-seven patients diagnosed with skeletal Class II malocclusion were divided into ASO (n = 31) and NASO (n = 36) groups. Cephalometric analyses were used to compare the initial and final records to assess the impact of treatment on soft tissue. The interlabial gap, upper lip to E-line, lower lip to E-line, H-angle, UL to N-perpendicular line, and nasolabial angle were evaluated. Specially a proportional difference indicator between the upper and lower lips relative to the Pog (CKHA) was presented, followed by statistics analyses. A P-value of less than 0.05 indicated statistical significance.
Results: Both groups showed normal proportion between the upper and lower lips, although significant differences favoring ASO over NASO in soft tissue changes were observed in several variables.
Conclusions: If the required adjustment for the upper and lower lips is -4.0 mm and -5.0 mm, respectively, ASO is advised. For modifications of -2.0 mm, NASO is preferred.
Clinical Relevance: This study provides clinical guideline for choosing between ASO and NASO treatments based on required lip movement measurements.