bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is Anyone Ready to Save a Life? An Examination of Cardiac Emergency Preparedness in Schools
Authors: Baker Heather K. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThis study explored the cardiac emergency preparedness of school employees in Illinois, as well as their attitudes toward cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and automated external defibrillator (AED) training.METHODSOne thousand two hundred seventy‐six school employees completed an online survey regarding their school's cardiac emergency preparedness, as well as their access to CPR/AED training, confidence and willingness to perform CPR/AED, and attitudes toward CPR policies and mandates.RESULTSIn total, results from 1273 school employees were analyzed. School employees in Illinois are not prepared to respond to a cardiac emergency, but desire training, plans, and drills. Demographic analyses revealed statistically significant differences in cardiac emergency preparedness between individuals of different personal and school characteristics.CONCLUSIONSSchool employees in Illinois are not prepared to respond to a cardiac emergency. To increase preparedness for cardiac emergencies at school, schools should implement CPR/AED training for all employees, cardiac emergency response plans, and cardiac emergency response drills.IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EQUITYPolicies should be implemented at the state and local level to support cardiac emergency preparedness in schools, including mandated CPR/AED training for all school employees, cardiac emergency response plans for every building, and required cardiac emergency response drills.
Consumer Attention to a Coffee Brewing Robot: An Eye‐Tracking Study
Authors: Lee Cho‐Long , Kim Sunmin , Lim Manyoel , Hwang Sungjae , Kim Daekwang , Kwak Han Sub 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTDuring the COVID‐19, robots were increasingly utilized in the food service industry. This study compared perceptions of robot and human baristas by tracking participants' eye‐gaze behavior. Seventy participants viewed videos and images of both baristas, and their eye movements were tracked. Metrics such as entry time, dwell time, total fixation, hit ratio, revisits, revisitors, average fixation, first fixation, and fixation count in defined areas of interest (AOIs) were measured. Participants focused mostly on robot's body during coffee preparation and human barista's face. Attention stayed on the coffee with human baristas, while robot stimuli drew focus to the robot's hand and kettle. Participants fixated more on the robot itself, potentially due to its novelty in coffee preparation. This study can provide directions for the development of robots, including their appearance, so that they could be accepted familiarly by consumers and introduced seamlessly in the food industries.
Testing in GARCH‐X models: boundary, correlations and bootstrap theory
Authors: Nielsen Heino Bohn , Pedersen Rasmus Søndergaard , Rahbek Anders , Thorsen Sigurd Nellemann 
Published: October 2024

In this article, we consider the so‐called Fixed Shrinkage (FS) bootstrap for the class of GARCH models with explanatory variables (GARCH‐X). Under the assumption of stationary covariates, the proposed FS bootstrap does not require modeling the covariates, as these are kept fixed in the bootstrap generating process. Our main focus is on testing whether one or more of the covariates can be excluded in the GARCH‐X model. As is well‐known the limiting distribution of the likelihood‐ratio (LR) statistic in this setting is non‐standard and depends in particular on whether nuisance parameters are on the boundary or in the interior of the parameter space. In particular, and as detailed here, the non‐standard limiting distribution depends on correlations, or dependence, between the explanatory variables. The FS bootstrap takes the presence of nuisance parameters into account by implementing shrinking as proposed in Cavaliere et al. (2022) for pure ARCH models. We establish asymptotic validity of the FS bootstrap for GARCH‐X models, and demonstrate by simulations that the bootstrap‐based test performs extremely well even when nuisance parameters lie on the boundary of the parameter space. The empirical illustration amplifies that the presence of nuisance parameters (especially whether or not on the boundary) are vital for interpreting the dynamics of conditional volatility in financial stock market indices.
Irrational acts: Maternal death, women's agency, and the obligation to care in Uganda
Authors: Boyd Lydia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFollowing the recommendation of the WHO in the mid‐2000s, the Ugandan government banned traditional birth attendants (TBAs) and encouraged all women to give birth in biomedical clinics. Yet in rural Luuka district, about half of women still give birth at home or with the assistance of lay providers. This article examines women's healthcare behavior to better understand decisions that are characterized as irrational by officials, in particular women's choices to delay care, move between providers, and defer health decisions to others. Building on anthropological interest in the relationality of care, this article explores how women compel the care of others, especially under conditions of healthcare scarcity and in contexts outside clinical settings. A focus on the gendered nature of kin‐based care provides insight into how acts often characterized as irrational can be modes of action for women in ways that exceed a policy focus on healthcare choice and autonomy.
Health care providers' perceptions of family participation in essential care in the intensive care unit: A qualitative study
Authors: Dijkstra Boukje M. , Schoonhoven Lisette , Felten‐Barentsz Karin M. , van der Valk Margriet J. M. , van der Hoeven Johannes G. , Vloet Lilian C. M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundFamily participation in essential care may benefit patients and relatives.AimsTo examine the needs, perceptions and preferences of health care providers about family participation in essential care in the adult intensive care unit.Study designA qualitative descriptive study using inductive thematic analysis. Three focus group interviews with a total of 30 intensive care unit health care providers, consisting of 20 critical care nurses, one nursing assistant, five physicians, three physical therapists and one speech therapist working in three Dutch intensive care units.ResultsOne overarching theme, balancing interests, and four main themes emerged: looking after the patient's interests, taking the relatives' perspective into account, looking after interests of intensive care unit health care providers and conditions for family participation. The first theme, looking after the patient's interests, included three sub‐themes: insecurity about patient's wishes and needs, patient safety concerns and potential benefits for the patient. The second theme, taking the relatives' perspective into account, was also characterized by three sub‐themes: concerns about the relatives' possible burden, potential benefits for the relative and the relationship between patient and relative. The third theme, looking after interests of intensive care unit health care providers, included three sub‐themes: attitude towards family participation in essential care, differing perceptions of essential care and concerns about intensive care unit health care provider's burden. The last theme, conditions for family participation, included two sub‐themes: establishing a relationship and considering family participation in essential care as a process.ConclusionsHealth care providers' perceptions and preferences regarding family participation in essential care in the intensive care unit are summarized in the overarching theme balancing interests. This overarching theme also reflects the needs and perceptions of patients and relatives.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThese findings may support critical care nurses and other health care providers when encouraging family participation in essential care.
Healthy Life Awareness, Blood Pressure Awareness and Insight Among Adult Individuals: A Population‐Based Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Terzi Handan , Ayaz‐Alkaya Sultan , Yeşilyurt Eylül 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo measure healthy life awareness, blood pressure awareness and insight levels, along with their predisposing factors among adult individuals.DesignA population‐based cross‐sectional study.SampleThe population consisted of adult individuals in a rural district of a city in Türkiye. Voluntary individuals who visited the population screening, organized as the May Measurement Month activity, were invited to the study (n = 290).MeasurementsThe data were collected by a questionnaire, the Healthy Life Awareness Scale (HeLAS), and the Blood Pressure Awareness and Insight Scale (BASIS). Descriptive statistics, Pearson Correlation, and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the data.ResultsThe mean scores of the HeLAS and the BASIS were 49.62 ± 8.30 and 2.89 ± 1.43, respectively. Income level, regular physical activity habits, and formerly being diagnosed with hypertension were positively associated with a healthy life awareness level. Former diagnosis of hypertension, regular medication usage, and being unemployed were the significant predisposing factors of blood pressure awareness and insight level.ConclusionsMost adult individuals displayed a moderate level of healthy life awareness and a low level of blood pressure awareness and insight. Nurses could take on the leading role in developing healthy lifestyle habits among individuals, ensure medication treatment adherence, and prevent hypertension prevalence.
Extending the acute skin response spectrum to include the far‐UVC
Authors: Gutierrez‐Bayona Natalia E. , Petersen Camryn , Hashmi Raabia H. , Buonanno Manuela , Shuryak Igor , Ponnaiya Brian , Kleiman Norman J. , Brenner David J. , Welch David 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGuidance on maximal limits for ultraviolet (UV) exposure has been developed by national and international organizations to protect against adverse effects on human skin and eyes. These guidelines consider the risk of both acute effects (i.e., erythema and photokeratitis) and delayed effects (e.g., skin and ocular cancers) when determining exposure limits, and specify the dose a person can safely receive during an 8‐h period without harmful effects. The determination of these exposure limits relies on the action spectra of photobiological responses triggered by UV radiation that quantify the effectiveness of each wavelength at eliciting each of these effects. With growing interest in using far‐UVC (200–235 nm) radiation to control the spread of airborne pathogens, recent arguments have emerged about revisiting exposure limits for UV wavelengths. However, the standard erythema action spectrum, which provides some of the quantitative basis for these limits, has not been extended below 240 nm. This study assists to expand the erythema action spectrum to far‐UVC wavelengths using a hairless albino mice model. We estimate that inducing acute effects on mouse skin with 222 nm radiation requires a dose of 1162 mJ/cm2, well above the current ACGIH skin exposure limit of 480 mJ/cm2.
Determinants of the Unconditional Basic Income Acceptance Among German Citizens: An Empirical Analysis Based on Innovation Resistance Theory
Authors: Leopold Franziska , Lindenmeier Jörg 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTConsidering the uncertainty that accompanies political reforms, this study examines the determinants of universal basic income (UBI) acceptance among a representative sample of 593 German citizens using innovation resistance theory. The study aimed to determine whether passive innovation resistance (PIR) negatively influences UBI acceptance and to investigate how active evaluation of pro‐ and con‐arguments, potentially leading to active innovation resistance (AIR), affects this relationship. The results indicate that both PIR and AIR reduce UBI acceptance. Social influence and individual advantages appear to be the primary drivers of UBI support, while counter‐arguments have a relatively minor impact. AIR is mainly influenced by individual economic effects, universality and social justice, whereas unconditionality has a negligible effect. The study also reveals moderation effects of age and political orientation (liberal vs. conservative) and provides practical insights along with suggestions for future research.
COPULAR STRUCTURES AND ASYMMETRIC IDENTITY†
Authors: Delfitto Denis , Fiorin Gaetano 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe propose an analysis of copular structures of the type “DP is DP” based on the existence of a silent predicate of asymmetric identity. Our proposal is based on a cognitively grounded notion of identity as identification of one object on the basis of the properties of another. We argue that our proposal is preferable over Russell's view that the copula is ambiguous between a predicative interpretation (as in “Socrates is wise”) and an equative one (as in “Socrates is a man”) but also improves upon Longobardi's and Moro's influential analyses, which entail that DP's are ambiguous between a referring type (<e > or < et>t>) and a predicational type (<et>). In the new analysis proposed here, copular structures receive a uniform predicational interpretations and DPs are uniformly interpreted as referential.
Evaluating a peer‐support mind–body medicine intervention for healthcare leaders
Authors: Kelly Lesly , Rowe Chyela , Choudhury Aproteem , Woo‐Cater Sandy , Greenwood Lindiwe 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundMind–body medicine (MBM) is an evidence‐based intervention associated with trauma and stressful events. The MBM intervention alleviates symptoms of work‐related stress and builds resilience by utilizing self‐care techniques facilitated in small group settings. Healthcare leaders who experienced traumatic stress through the COVID‐19 pandemic may benefit from interventions aimed at their needs.AimWe evaluated the effects of a peer support MBM intervention on perceived stress, resilience, well‐being, and empathy for nurse leaders and compassionate care leaders.MethodsA pre–post intervention was conducted via 7 virtual and 2 on‐site groups, recruiting from a large multihospital health system in the United States. Participants engaged in an 8‐week program facilitated by a certified faculty group leader from The Center for Mind–Body Medicine and engaged in resilience skills building activities along with facilitated sharing. Validated instruments were used to measure outcomes at pre, post, 1 month, and 6 month follow‐up intervals. Surveys included open‐ended questions for qualitative feedback related to facilitators, barriers, and group experiences.ResultsSeventy‐three leaders completed the MBM program, and 22 completed the four research surveys; all qualitative responses were included for feedback. Perceived stress decreased after the intervention (p < .008) and was maintained for 6 months post intervention (p < .005). Resilience increased after the intervention (p < .034) and for 1 month (p < .049) but decreased after 6 months. Qualitative responses showed that time and workload factors were the most significant barrier to participation, while the benefits included protected time with peers, learning well‐being skills, and having a safe place to process emotions.Linking Evidence to ActionHealthcare leaders face unique challenges, including workplace trauma and crises. Interventions that support their stress response, resilience, and overall well‐being should take into consideration the nature of their work, the balance of time demands, and the need for peer support to overcome barriers to sustainable interventions.
Heat Transfer in Double Pipe Heat Exchangers With Small Tube Spacing
Authors: Havlík Jan , Dlouhý Tomáš , Krempaský Jakub 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this work, the heat transfer in double pipe heat exchangers (DPHEs) with small tube spacing is analyzed. This type of heat transfer is generally described in many literary sources; however, in laminar flow, the resulting values of the theoretical equations differ. Moreover, the small spacing of the pipes can affect the fluid flow and subsequent heat transfer. The suitability of using available theoretical methods for the design of double pipe heat exchangers (the Stephan, VDI, and Baehr methods) was evaluated. A series of experiments was carried out on a double pipe heat exchanger with a tube spacing of 1.4 mm. The experimentally determined value of the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) was up to two times higher in comparison with the values calculated according to theoretical methods. The relative increase was more significant for the lower Reynolds number values. At the same time, the difference of the wall temperature along the circumference of the outer tube was detected. This phenomenon was theoretically analyzed and can be explained by tube misalignment in the small tube spacing. The procedure of quantification of this effect was proposed. This effect may cause an inhomogeneity of the media flow and temperature distribution and, as a result, increase the performance of the heat exchanger by tens of percent.
Spread Spectrum Time Domain Reflectometry (SSTDR) and Frequency Domain Reflectometry (FDR) Cable Inspection Using Machine Learning
Authors: Glass S.W. , Tedeschi J.R. , Spencer M.P. , Son J. , Taufique M.F.N. , Li D. , Elen M. , Fifield L.S. , Farber J.A. , Rashdan A. Al 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Cables are initially qualified for nuclear power plant use for 40 years. As plants extend their operating license to 60 and 80 years, justification for continued cable use must shift to a condition-based approach since it is cost prohibitive to completely replace cables that are still capable of performing their design function. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) Accelerated and Real Time Experimental Nodal Analysis (ARENA) cable motor test bed was used to test the response of a commercial spread spectrum time domain reflectometry (SSTDR) system, a laboratory instrument software-controlled SSTDR, and a vector network analyzer-based frequency domain reflectometry (FDR) system to various cable anomalies. The three instrument systems were able to interrogate cables over a range of frequency bandwidths that can be helpful for human data analysis. Data were subjected to supervised and unsupervised machine learning (ML) analyses to distinguish normal undamaged cable responses from anomalous cable responses. Both supervised and unsupervised ML approaches produced encouraging results with an undamaged/anomalous prediction weighted accuracy ranging from 0.69 to 0.87. Recommendations for further development and field implementation include increased and more balanced sample sets particularly including more training data.
Deep Learning Method Based on Denoising Autoencoders for Temperature Selection of Guided Waves Signals
Authors: Fisher Clément , Billon François , Thomas Axel , Druet Tom 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), and in particular Guided Wave based SHM (GW-SHM), is of particular interest for high-stake industrial sectors such as aerospace, railway, or oil & gas or for which NDT inspections are complex due to a poor accessibility or large areas to inspect. Because the physics of guided waves is very complex, some inspection methods are based on a reference state, also known as baseline, which simplifies the analysis and processing of signals a posteriori.
However, comparison with a reference state is very sensitive to environmental and operational conditions (EOC). If the EOC changes, the reference state becomes obsolete and false alarms might occur. To avoid this, algorithms such as Baseline Signal Stretch (BSS) are designed to compensate for a small deviation between the current state and the reference state, but are not robust to larger deviations. Coupling with Optimal Baseline Selection (OBS) can be used to limit the deviation, but this requires a large set of baseline data for each instrumented sample, often limiting the scope for industrial applications as such data is difficult to obtain due to the coupling between various EOCs.
This paper presents a method, based on denoising autoencoders, for building a model that relates guided wave signals at the current temperature to those at a selected temperature. By training the model with a sufficiently complete database of pristine and damaged signals at different temperatures for the same instrumentation on a few samples, a generic model can be obtained that can be used for all similar instrumentation. In this case, by compensating for the effects of temperature in the measured signals to select the reference temperature, only one baseline is required for each sample, allowing most SHM methods to be applied to complex structures.
The method is validated on a set of signals measured on an aluminum plate with representative defects at temperatures ranging from -20°C to 50°C.
Advanced Homogenization Model for Ultrasonic Non-Destructive Testing of Concrete and its Validation
Authors: Khalid Nouhayla , Darmon Michel , Chaix Jean-François 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Simulation of ultrasonic non-destructive testing (NDT) plays an essential role in the assessment and testing of concrete structures. Concrete is a highly dense composite medium: the presence of heterogeneities leads to the dispersion of velocity and attenuation of ultrasonic waves, which significantly affects testing of concrete structures. Consequently, it is important to model accurately the attenuation of waves due to scattering by concrete heterogeneities (aggregates, porosity, micro-cracks). The classically used ultrasonic methods are based on studying the coherent wave characterized by its phase velocity and attenuation. This wave can be simulated using numerical or analytical models. The numerical models are more efficient but very expensive in a 3D configuration (spherical shape of aggregates), and the need to set up a fast inspection simulation leads to the requirement to improve the simplified existing 3D analytical models. This study focuses on the correlation function used in the analytical models to describe the distribution of the aggregates’ positions. The simplification of this function in existing models, which assumes the uniformity of the distribution, can lead to important errors in estimating the attenuation for strong concentrations of diffusers. In the present work, we propose a new homogenization 2D model much more convenient for high scatterers concentration. This model and a 2D finite element code developed in the CIVA NDT simulation software are compared. A good agreement between the new analytical model and the numerical one is noticed. Further validation work on the developed model is underway for instance by studying the effect of aggregates granulometry and other material configurations. Successful validation in 2D configurations encourage us using similar correlation functions for 3D simulation. The development of a 3D model, which is currently underway, will also be validated against future experimental measurements.