bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radical innovation, network competence and the business of body disposal
Authors: Canning Louise , Szmigin Isabelle 
Published: August 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the contribution of network competence to radical innovation.Design/methodology/approachTechnological change associated with human body disposal acts as the form of radical innovation in which network competence is examined. Interviews, observations at industry conferences and secondary data are used for the case studies featured and in which network competence is investigated.FindingsThe paper establishes the importance of network competence at the regime and landscape level and the contribution of actors within commercial innovation niches to bringing cremation alternatives to market.Research limitations/implicationsSome of the results are particular to the challenges of network entry and product introduction facing business start-ups and the context of body disposal is unique. Further research should examine network competence and radical innovation in other business fields.Social implicationsFirstly, the context of human body disposal highlights the importance of institutional actors and social systems in bringing cremation alternatives to market. Secondly, focusing on human disposal encourages exchange amongst readers on a subject which is fundamental to man’s existence, yet the discussion of which many might normally choose to avoid.Originality/valueThe paper connects two areas of academic interest, namely, niche management for sustainability and radical innovation in business markets in which networking and network competence are key to the commercialisation of innovation.
How networks influence radical innovation: the effects of heterogeneity of network ties and crowding out
Authors: Hao Bin , Feng Yanan 
Published: August 2016

PurposeThis paper aims to offer a novel set of insights to understand the role of network ties in pursuit of radical innovation. In this sense, the purpose of the study is to analyze how the heterogeneity in the content of network ties affects radical innovation performance.Design/methodology/approachBased on a comprehensive review of existing literature, this paper conceptualizes how different types of network ties affect radical innovation performance by deriving five research propositions.FindingsBoth buyer-supplier ties and peer collaboration ties are positively related to radical innovation performance, whilst the peer collaboration ties may be further affected by partner similarity. Compared to other two types of network ties, equity ties act as more of moderating roles on spurring radical innovation. Crowding out between network ties prevents firms from knowledge searching within an extensive network scope, reducing the opportunities of mixing and matching different kinds of knowledge needed for radical innovation.Research limitations/implicationsThe study suggests a natural way of launching marketing strategy by selectively integrating different sources of knowledge (market, supplier or technology) needed for commercializing radical technologies, highlighting the importance of partner selection for radical innovation among different types of firms surrounding the current market. For managers, it is necessary to identify and select network ties helpful for long-term business and strategic interests.Originality/valueThis paper makes two main contributions. First, it addresses the question of how networks influence radical innovation by identifying three types of network ties and their effects – individual and in combination – on extension of the depth and breadth of knowledge and development of disruptive ideas. Second, it develops the existing literature by demonstrating the crowding-out effect of network ties.
Social capital, portfolio management capability and exploratory innovation: evidence from China
Authors: Li Yao , Zhang Yu , Zheng Songyue 
Published: August 2016

PurposeSocial capital is critical for firms to conduct business activities; however, whether it is always beneficial for exploratory innovation and the specific and contingent effects of each dimension remain unknown. This paper aims to examine the role of three dimensions of social capital in determining exploratory innovation and investigate how firms’ portfolio management capabilities shape these links.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data from 276 firms in high-tech industries in China are used to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe authors find that cognitive social capital negatively affects exploratory innovation, whereas relational and structural social capital both demonstrate inverted U-shaped relationships with exploratory innovation. In addition, portfolio management capability positively moderates the relationships between the three dimensions of social capital and exploratory innovation.Practical implicationsGiven the advantages and disadvantages, managers should be prudent in the establishment of social capital; moreover, firms should develop and improve their portfolio management capabilities to effectively manage their relationships in the pursuit of exploratory innovation.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the social capital theory and innovation literature in two ways. First, it provides a multi-dimensional examination of the effects of social capital on exploratory innovation and the empirical evidence of the negative side of social capital. Second, it extends the extant literature by introducing a more holistic perspective and proposing that portfolio management capability helps firms to overcome the negative effects and strengthen the positive effects of social capital on exploratory innovation.
The effect of network structure on radical innovation in living labs
Authors: Leminen Seppo , Nyström Anna-Greta , Westerlund Mika , Kortelainen Mika J. 
Published: August 2016

PurposeThis study aims to focus on living labs as a means of achieving radical innovation by discussing the differences in their network structure and its effect on the type of innovation outcome.Design/methodology/approachThis research analyses 24 living labs in four countries using qualitative methods.FindingsA specific network structure referred to as a distributed multiplex supports radical innovation in living labs, while distributed and centralized network structures support incremental innovations. Also, the results suggest that radical innovation depends on the driving actor and objectives in a living lab.Research limitations/implicationsA bias on the perceived novelty of innovation may exist when analyzing data collected through interviews with a limited number of living lab participants compared to a large number of informants. This study proposes a two-dimensional framework based on the network structure to investigate innovation in living labs.Practical implicationsThis paper offers a classification tool to identify, categorize and make sense of organizations’ participation in open innovation networks and in living labs.Originality/valueThe study provides evidence that, although the distributed multiplex network structure supports the emergence of radical innovations, the distributed and centralized network structures support incremental innovation. A combination of a provider- or utilizer-driven living lab and a distributed multiplex network structure, with a clearly defined and future-oriented strategic objective, offers good potential for radical innovation to occur.
Mobilising resources to bridge technological discontinuities
Authors: Chou Hsin-Hui 
Published: August 2016

PurposeThis research aims to address how a firm can mobilise resources through interfirm relationships to bridge technological discontinuities.Design/methodology/approachThis research adopts a processual single case study to undertake an empirical investigation from the perspective of a technology-bundled net as the research boundary.FindingsThis research produces three key findings. First, mobilising resources across firm boundaries to create an adequate bundling of product, process and marketing technologies is the cornerstone of bridging technological discontinuities. Second, resource mobilisation between firms in the transition to a new technological trajectory is affected by the sediments accrued in the existing (old) trajectory. Third, technological discontinuities may be competence-enhancing, and their radical effects may originate from non-technical causes.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the research of radical innovation from an interaction and networks perspective and also by focusing on resource mobilisation taking place in the transition from an existing technological trajectory to a new one. In particular, this paper takes into account the relatedness of resources and the influences of past interaction underpinning an old trajectory in the bridging of technological discontinuities.
Interpartner learning, dependence asymmetry and radical innovation in customer-supplier relationships
Authors: Jean Ruey-Jer “Bryan” , Chiou Jyh-Shen , Sinkovics Rudolf R. 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
This study aims to explore how absorptive and joint learning can foster radical innovation. Furthermore, dependence asymmetry is investigated as a moderator of the effects of these factors on radical innovation. Radical innovation is an important source of any firm’s success. Yet, there has been a dearth of research in the literature on how different types of inter-partner learning cultivate the process of generating such innovation.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors use a sample of 204 Taiwanese electronics suppliers to test the effects of joint learning and absorptive learning on radical innovation. The empirical analysis adopts a structural equations modeling approach.

Findings
The authors find that a supplier’s joint learning has a stronger effect on radical innovation than its absorptive learning. However, when accounting for the moderating effect of dependence asymmetry, the analysis shows that absorptive learning does have a significant effect on radical innovation. The effect of joint learning on radical innovation is not moderated by the degree of dependence asymmetry.

Practical Implications
This study broadens and deepens the understanding of how radical innovation by suppliers can be generated in customer–supplier relationships, and how this is shaped by the power-dependence structure.

Originality/value
Inter-partner learning; radical innovation; power; dependence.
The impact of social and contractual enforcement on reseller performance: the mediating role of coordination and inequity during adoption of a new technology
Authors: Osmonbekov Talai , Gregory Brian , Chelariu Christian , Johnston Wesley J. 
Published: August 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of social and contractual enforcement on the performance of business-to-business relationship. The research also tests the mediating role of perceived inequity and coordination.Design/methodology/approachA survey methodology was used to obtain responses from 224 decision-makers at reseller organizations. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.FindingsIt was found that both social and contractual enforcement impact relationship performance. Perceived inequity and coordination are important moderators of those relationships, as social enforcement increases coordination and reduces perceived inequity, while contractual enforcement increases perceived inequity.Originality/valueWhile previous studies examined enforcement impact on coordination and conflict, this study links it to relationship performance. Importantly, enforcement’s relationship with perceived inequity is also examined in the context of B2B relationship.
US bank failure and bailout during the financial crisis
Authors: Lu Wenling , Whidbee David A. 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the characteristics of banks that were the target of intervention in the form of bailout or failure during the financial crisis and, of those subjected to intervention, what characteristics distinguish those that received bailout funds from those that were deemed failures.

Design/methodology/approach
The study estimates a series of logit regressions in an effort to identify the causes of regulatory intervention while controlling for bank-level characteristics and the economic and regulatory environment.

Findings
The empirical results indicate that many of the same characteristics associated with banks receiving bailout funds are similar to the characteristics associated with failed banks. However, non-performing loans increased the likelihood of failure, but reduced the likelihood of a bank receiving Capital Purchase Program (CPP) funds, suggesting that regulatory authorities discriminated in their use of CPP funds based on the quality of a bank’s asset portfolio. Further, those banks located in states with limits on de novo branching and those banks that are part of a multi-bank holding company structure were less likely to fail but were more likely to receive CPP funds.

Originality/value
This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of regulatory intervention in the banking industry during the late 2000s financial crisis and the impact of different banking organizational structures, economic circumstances, and financial fragility on the likelihood of a bank failing or receiving bailout funds.
Inflation expectations, economic policy ambiguity and micro-level consumer behavior
Authors: Abaidoo Rexford 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to augment existing literature by examining how specific macroeconomic conditions (economic policy uncertainty and inflation expectations) influence micro-level (instead of macro-level) behavioral dynamics exhibited by the average consumer.

Design/methodology/approach
This study conducted empirical analysis using structural vector autoregressive estimation technique.

Findings
The average consumer tends to exhibit significantly varied micro-level expenditure behavioral patterns not readily observed at the macro- or aggregate-level expenditures. For instance, this study finds that in the short run, inflation expectations tend to have a significant positive impact on both non-durable goods and service expenditures; the same condition, however, tends to have a negative impact on durable goods. Additionally, this study also finds that economic policy uncertainty, unlike inflation expectations, tends to constrain consumption expenditures at all micro levels with very significant variations in decline in expenditures made.

Originality/value
Unlike legion of empirical work based on macro-level analysis, this study adopts a micro-level analysis and also engages two macroeconomic conditions (inflation expectations and economic policy uncertainty) not already examined in existing studies.
Villages and their old farmsteads are hot spots of bird diversity in agricultural landscapes
Authors: Rosin Zuzanna M. , Skórka Piotr , Pärt Tomas , Żmihorski Michał , Ekner‐Grzyb Anna , Kwieciński Zbigniew , Tryjanowski Piotr 
Published: August 2016

Summary

To counteract the decline of farmland biodiversity in Europe, it is crucial to recognize habitats that are hot spots. Old rural settlements (e.g. villages) may be such important habitats, although these presumably biodiversity‐rich habitats have received little attention. Socio‐economic changes in central‐eastern Europe since 1989 mean that old homesteads and farmsteads are being replaced by new ones.

We investigated bird species composition, richness and abundance at three spatial scales (single rural property, village and landscape) in the farmland of Poland to test: (i) their association with age (built before vs. after 1989) and type of property (farmstead vs. homestead), (ii) their relationship with the increasing share of new homesteads at the village scale and (iii) the difference in diversity between the village environment and four other environments (open fields, forest–field ecotones, forests and towns) at the landscape scale.

At the single property scale, 15 out of 33 species preferred old farmsteads, while only one species preferred new homesteads. Old properties hosted a higher number of species and individuals than new ones, and farmsteads hosted a higher number of species than homesteads.

At the village scale, bird species richness and abundance were markedly negatively associated with the proportion of new homesteads. At the landscape scale, species composition differed between villages and the other environments, and villages had the highest average bird abundance.

Synthesis and applications. Rural villages and old farmsteads are important habitats for many farmland birds; thus, the increasing number of new homesteads not associated with farmland production will likely lead to a substantial further decline of farmland bird numbers and biodiversity. To counteract this process, we recommend (i) implementing educational programmes to develop rural residents’ awareness about the importance of farmsteads and homesteads for biodiversity, (ii) including villages and farmsteads and consideration of bird‐friendly habitats within these as part of EU conservation policies and (iii) compensating for changes in the structure of rural villages by increasing the amount of similar alternative habitats in the surrounding landscape.
Differences in endophyte communities of introduced trees depend on the phylogenetic relatedness of the receiving forest
Authors: Gundale Michael J. , Almeida Juan P. , Wallander Håkan , Wardle David A. , Kardol Paul , Nilsson Marie‐Charlotte , Fajardo Alex , Pauchard Aníbal , Peltzer Duane A. , Ruotsalainen Seppo , Mason Bill , Rosenstock Nicholas 
Published: August 2016

Summary

Plant species sometimes perform extraordinarily well when introduced to new environments, through achieving higher growth rates, individual biomasses or higher densities in their receiving communities compared to their native range communities. One hypothesis proposed to explain enhanced performance in species’ new environments is that their soil microbial communities may be different and provide greater benefit than microbial communities encountered in species’ native environments. However, detailed descriptions of soil biota associated with species in both their native and introduced environments remain scarce.

We established a global network of sites in regions where the tree species Pinus contorta has been introduced (Chile, New Zealand, Finland, Scotland and Sweden), as well as native range sites where the introduced populations originated (Canada and USA). We conducted pyrosequencing analysis to compare the root fungal endophyte communities associated with P. contorta in its native environments and in introduced environments with phylogenetically similar and dissimilar tree species (i.e. P. sylvestris in Europe and Nothofagus spp. in the Southern Hemisphere).

Fungal communities associated with P. contorta consistently differed between its introduced and native environments. In Europe, P. contorta associated with the same community as P. sylvestris, where one particular species (Piloderma sphaerosporum) was particularly abundant relative to Canadian sites. In the Southern Hemisphere, P. contorta fungal communities were composed primarily of North American taxa and exhibited very little overlap with fungal communities associated with native Nothofagus spp.

Synthesis. Our work shows that plants exhibit considerable plasticity in their interaction with fungi, by associating with different fungal communities across native and introduced environments. Our work also indicates that fungal communities associated with introduced plants can assemble through different mechanisms, that is by associating with existing fungal communities of phylogenetically close species, or through reassembly of co‐introduced and co‐invading fungi. The identification of different fungal communities in a plant species new environment provides an important step forward in understanding how soil biota may impact growth and invasion when a species is introduced to new environments.
Grassland invasibility varies with drought effects on soil functioning
Authors: Schrama Maarten , Bardgett Richard D. 
Published: August 2016

Summary

Although it is known that ecosystems are more susceptible to invasion when disturbed, our knowledge of the mechanisms involved remains limited. Recent studies indicate that disturbance‐induced changes in soil nutrient availability could influence community invasibility, but the importance of this mechanism in the real world is not known.

We tested the hypotheses that (i) exotic plant species profit from drought effects on soil functioning more than do natives; and (ii) grassland invasibility depends on soil responses to drought disturbance, which are greater in soils that exhibit a larger nutrient pulse following drought.

This was tested in a series of grassland sites of contrasting management intensity which we subjected to an extreme (40‐day) drought, after which seeds from four different plant families of native species and related exotics were added to soils originating from the drought and control treatments under greenhouse conditions. We also examined the performance of seeded native species in the field. We expected that intensively managed grasslands with bacterial‐dominated soils would exhibit a larger nutrient pulse following drought, and hence a greater window of opportunity for invasion, than in extensively managed grassland soils with fungal‐dominated microbial communities.

Results from the greenhouse experiment indicated that exotic species grew better in soil that had experienced drought, and had higher survival and growth rates than natives in both grassland types. Field results showed that drought increased invasibility in intensively managed grasslands, but had little impact on survival and growth of seeded species on extensively managed grassland soils. Increased invasibility of intensively managed grassland soils was associated with a significant soil nitrogen pulse following rewetting, which was not detected in the extensively managed grasslands.

Synthesis. Our results indicate that intensively managed grasslands are more prone to invasion following drought than are extensively managed grasslands and that this response is in part related to differences in microbial community composition which regulate nutrient availability in soil following disturbance events. Given that extreme climate events are predicted to increase, our findings suggest that invasion of exotic species will increase in ecosystems with soils that are less resilient to disturbance.
Identifying the role of soil microbes in plant invasions
Authors: Dawson Wayne , Schrama Maarten 
Published: August 2016

Summary

Understanding how invasions by exotic plant species occur has been and still is a fundamental goal in the field of invasion ecology. Recently, research focus has shifted to below‐ground mechanisms of invasion, which has provided valuable insights into the role of soil microbes in the invasion process.

Research on how soil microbes drive plant invasions has produced a multitude of potential mechanisms and hypotheses, and we have taken this timely opportunity to organize these hypotheses, explore interrelations among them and with other drivers of invasion and identify areas requiring more in‐depth study.

Synthesis. This special feature brings together current research on soil microbes as drivers and responders of invasion, highlighting the methods that can be used to advance our understanding of how, when and which soil microbes play a role in the invasion process. Further advances in the field can be made by increasing realism in experiments, making wider use of molecular methods and culturing of microbial isolates and considering the importance of microbes relative to other invasion drivers.