bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A música produzida pela criança
Authors: Santos Rafael Anderson G. , Lucas Glaura 
Published: April 2016

Resumo: Reflexão sobre a importância das criações musicais infantis, a partir de exemplos de músicas e letras compostas por crianças.Résumé: Réflexion sur l'importance des créations musicales enfantis, à partir d'un échantillon de chansons et paroles composées par des enfants.
Ilmu Sebagai Prosedur (Metode Memperoleh Pengetahuan Ilmiah)
Authors: Maskhuroh Lailatul 
Published: April 2016

<span><em>Knowledge always develops from the beginning until now. It is appears </em><span><em>immediately along with the process of human thinking. At fist knowledge is </em><span><em>gained by the way of informal process of thinking, not related with existing </em><span><em>methods. Then various changes have been done by fiures that appear</em><br /><span><em>after doing organized towards knowledge that found by them. In the next </em><span><em>development, human being makes knowledge as the result of thinking which </em><span><em>is defiitely scientifi and is appropriate with procedure of human thinking</em><br /><span><em>that mentioned in the rules of the syllogism think. From several methods </em><span><em>of obtaining knowledge, among of them are rasionaslime method, empiric, </em><span><em>phenomenalism, intusionalism, and scientifi method, while elements in</em><br /><span><em>the scientifi method as scientifi research among other through several </em><span><em>procedures, such as formulation of problem, proposing a hypothesis, testing </em><span><em>a hypothesis with empirical fact, and making a decision.</em><br /><span><strong>Keywords </strong><span><em>: Science, Procedure, Knowledge, and Scientifi Method.</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></span></span>
Pendidikan Kesehatan Dan Aplikasinya di SD/MI
Authors: Widodo Bintoro 
Published: April 2016

<span><em>Health education is part of the overall efforts of health (promotive, preventive, </em><span><em>curative and rehabilitative) which focuses on efforts to increase healthy </em><span><em>living behaviors. In the concept of health education is an effort to inflence /</em><br /><span><em>encourage others (individuals, groups and communities) in order to behave </em><span><em>in a healthy life. Operationally in health education are all activities to </em><span><em>provide / improve the knowledge, attitudes and practices of communities</em><br /><span><em>in maintaining and improving health. Health education is synonymous </em><span><em>with health counseling because both of them are expected behavior changeoriented which is healthy behaviors, so it has the ability to recognize health</em><br /><span><em>problems himself, his family and his group in improving health. Health </em><span><em>education is a part of health promotion is a process to improve the ability </em><span><em>of communities to maintain and improve their health and not just relate </em><span><em>themselves to increase the knowledge, attitudes and practices of health, but </em><span><em>also increase or improve the environment (both physical and non-physical) </em><span><em>in order to maintain and improve health.</em><br /><span><strong>Keywords: </strong><span><em>health education, school, environment</em><span>.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></span></span></span>
Effects of Multicomponent Adsorption on Enhanced Shale Reservoir Recovery by CO2 Injection Coupled with Reservoir Geomechanics
Authors: Yang S. , Wei Y. , Chen Z. , Wu W. , Xu J. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Shale gas reservoirs have a high total organic content (TOC) and are composed of a lot of microspores, which result in a high content of adsorbed gas. Laboratory and theoretical calculations show that the adsorption potential of CO2 in shale is higher than that of CH4. In other words, the shales prefer adsorbing CO2 to CH4. Therefore, during CO2 injection, the adsorbed CH4 is released by CO2 adsorption, even in a high reservoir pressure. Several models have been studied to describe the pure and multicomponent adsorption on shale. The Langmuir and extended Langmuir models are usually applied in reservoir simulators, because other models are more complex and not applicable to be coupled into a simulator. In this work, a simulation study is carried out to investigate the effects of gas adsorption on primary recovery and CO2 enhanced recovery processes.
Dual permeability, logarithmically spaced, locally refined grids are implemented to model natural and hydraulic fractures and to capture the sensitive changes of multicomponent adsorption. Reservoir pressure variation is coupled with a geomechanical module that updates porosity, permeability and fracture conductivity simultaneously at each time step. A multicomponent mixture on the basis of lab measured adsorption properties of the Eagle Ford shale are implemented into a reservoir simulator. Both primary recovery and CO2 huff-n-puff processes are investigated.
The simulation results show multicomponent adsorption behaviors of extended Langmuir model can slightly increase the well performance in the primary recovery. However, the adsorption behavior is more complex during CO2 injection processes. This study highlights the effect of multicomponent adsorption on gas production during CO2 cycling, and provides an optimal enhanced recovery strategy for shale gas reservoir.
Modeling Clay Swelling Induced Conductivity Damage in Hydraulic Fractures
Authors: Sanaei Alireza , Shakiba Mahmood , Varavei Abdoljalil , Sepehrnoori Kamy 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Hydraulic fracturing is the most effective technique used to stimulate very low permeability reservoirs. A significant body of literature on hydraulic fracturing has been primarily devoted to optimization of fracture propagation and proppant placement. However, the chemical interactions between fracturing fluid and rock matrix have not received much attention. Clay swelling is one of the well-known undesirable interactions of this kind. If clay swelling occurs on the surface of hydraulic fractures, it can cause a major damage to the conductivity of the fractures. Thus, a detailed understanding of clay stability issue is essential for fracturing fluid selection and operation planning.
In this study, a mechanistic approach was presented to model clay swelling as a function of fracturing fluid salinity, formation brine composition, and clay mineralogy. UTCOMP_IPhreeqc, a coupled multiphase reactive-transport simulator developed at The University of Texas at Austin, was used to comprehensively model this process. Double diffusive layer mechanism was applied to capture clay volume expansion. In each time step of the simulation, the volume expansion of clay materials exposed on the fracture surface was used to modify the fracture aperture. Then the permeability of hydraulic fracture cells was re-calculated using a desired function. In order to determine the production loss due to the conductivity damage, the cumulative production was measured at a constant pressure drop along the hydraulic fracture. To illustrate the application of this approach, a simplified numerical simulation example was presented. The example model represented a typical lab-scale core flood experiment with one induced fracture. A sensitivity study was performed on fracturing fluid concentration. The damaged conductivity was measured when fracturing fluid salinity was reduced to zero (fresh water). The simulation results indicated a substantial conductivity damage when fresh water was injected. In this example, a maximum of 30% production loss was observed due to fracture blockage. Thus, for various fluid compositions and shale mineralogies separate analyses are required. The presented approach provides a capability to study clay stability in more details. Such analysis can further improve the chemical design of the fracturing fluid to prevent the undesirable rock-water interactions.
Coupled Geomechanics and Fluid Flow Modeling in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs
Authors: Luo Jia , Wang Kun , Liu Hui , Chen Zhangxin 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
A parallel geomechanics model for describing naturally fractured rock deformation is developed and tightly coupled with a dual porosity/dual permeability black oil model. The geomechanics model is developed with capabilities of modeling both rock matrix and the fracture deformations, as well as their effects on reservoir properties. An advanced constitutive law with the fracture deformation mechanism is proposed. The multiphase flow model is modified by introducing geomechanical variables. The matrix porosity and fracture permeability are chosen as coupling parameters between geomechanics and fluid flow models. An iteratively coupling method is employed in order to fully capture interactions between solid and flow. Moreover, parallel computing is employed to handle large scale problems by benefiting from its features of distributed memory storage and efficient runtime reduction. Geomechanical effects on the reservoir pressure distribution are illustrated by a numerical experiment. In addition, for testing the scalability behavior, a large scale problem with millions of grid blocks is performed on multiple processors. The result shows an encouraging speedup which indicates the integrated model can be an efficient and useful tool for predicting and analyzing oil/gas production of naturally fractured reservoirs.
Lithologies and Petrophysical Characteristics of the Upper Cretaceous Baxter Shale Gas Reservoir, Canyon Creek Field, Sweetwater County, Wyoming
Authors: Longman Mark , Dahlberg Katie , Yared Katerina 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The Baxter Shale, stratigraphically equivalent to the Cody, Steele, and Mancos shales of Wyoming, was deposited in the Western Interior Seaway about 90 to 85 million years ago. In Canyon Creek Field, it consists of about 2700 ft of dominantly carbonate-rich, siliceous and illitic marine siltstones and shales. Siltstone beds range in thickness from a single layer of grains to ~3 cm and are separated by shalier beds in coarsening-upward packages that average about 200 ft thick in the upper part of the Baxter and are correlative for miles. Bioturbation ranges from non-existent to minor in most beds. The thinnest planar siltstone beds represent dominantly hypopycnal flow or eolian dust whereas the thicker beds contain ripple laminae and were deposited by bottom currents including hyperpycnal flows. In Canyon Creek Field, the total organic carbon content ranges from 1.5 to 2.3 wt% in the thermally mature (&gt;1.4% Ro) shales and from 0.25 to 0.75 wt% in the siltstones. Measured porosities in both the shales and siltstones are typically 4.5 to 7.5% with low matrix permeabilities ranging from about 80 to 700 nanodarcies.
Lying between the sandstones of the Frontier and Blair, the Baxter Shale appears to be gas-charged throughout its thickness in Canyon Creek Field. The entire Baxter interval is highly overpressured (0.72 to 0.88 psi/ft) and exhibits fair to excellent shows of gas during drilling against mud weights of 13 to 17 pounds per gallon. Multi-stage hydraulic fracture stimulation of this interval along with the underlying Dakota and Frontier sandstones allows vertical wells to be completed with IPs of 1 to 5 MMCFGPD. The best production generally comes from the silt-rich intervals as determined with production logs, but the extremely thin-bedded character of the siltstones and shale complicates petrophysical interpretation and quantification of gas in place. Natural fractures in the Baxter are mostly cemented with calcite and quartz, but localized open fractures may enhance production.
Despite the significant overpressure and encouraging shows of gas, Baxter drilling results in four horizontal wells located in and around Canyon Creek Field during 2007 and 2008 have been disappointing with cumulative production of less than 0.5 BCF/well over about 8 years. This is even less than several of the vertical wells in the field. Optimization of horizontal wellbore orientation, changes in drilling strategy and mud weights, along with improved fracture stimulation techniques are being evaluated with the goal of turning the Baxter resource in Canyon Creek Field into an economic play that may potentially extend across several townships. There is no doubt that the Baxter contains significant amounts of gas but a better strategy for production must be developed to tap this large resource.
Numerical Investigation of Stress-Dependent Fracture Apertures and Their Spatial Variations on Production from Unconventional Gas Reservoirs with Complex Fracture Geometries
Authors: Wang Yuhang , Aryana Saman 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Uniform distribution of fracture apertures is widely used in reservoir simulation of production from hydraulically fractured unconventional reservoirs. Laboratory experiments, however, reveal that changes in effective stress create uneven distribution of fracture apertures, and this phenomenon has been neglected in most numerical models. This work investigates the impact of pressure dependent fracture apertures during the production process; fracture aperture is explicitly represented and the effect of closure stress is incorporated in a numerical simulation model.
A Discrete Fracture Model (DFM) is implemented using an unstructured Voronoi mesh that captures complex fracture geometries. The effect of fracture aperture with respect to fracture grid size is examined via a case study that includes a vertical well intersecting a single stage hydraulic fracture. The effect of dynamic behavior of fracture aperture due to changes in stress, resulting from rock stiffness and uneven distribution of proppants within primary and induced fractures, is investigated. Fractures are divided into three types, each with its own dynamic response to changes in stress. The impact of matrix permeability on aperture closure is also studied in a reservoir model with multi-stage hydraulic fractures intersecting with induced fractures.
The developed numerical simulator is validated against commercial software. Sensitivity analysis reveals that representation of fractures with exact apertures in numerical simulation produces more accurate results compared with an effective permeability approach, and the difference becomes more pronounced as the matrix permeability decreases. Therefore, it is critical to modify, in the connection list, the length of the interface between each two grids embedding the fracture in accordance with the actual fracture aperture. The dynamic behavior of fracture apertures with respect to closure stress is processed by the numerical simulator as input information. Simulation results indicate that reduction of fracture aperture translates into a decrease of its conductivity, which results in lower production rates. It is observed that fracture closure caused by uneven proppant distribution also plays a significant role in gas production. In addition, formations with lower matrix permeability experience a smaller reduction of gas production caused by stress-dependent fracture apertures.
This work presents a new approach to representing complex fracture geometries with stress-dependent apertures and simulating the process of aperture closure due to changes in stress dynamically. The results provide a better understanding of stress dependence of fracture apertures and their spatial variations on well performance for hydraulically fractured wells.
Improved Oil Recovery IOR Pilot Projects in the Bakken Formation
Authors: Todd Hoffman B. , Evans John G. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Unconventional formations such as the Eagle Ford, Niobrara and Bakken have made a significant impact on the oil industry over the last decade, but primary recovery factors are still low, typically less than 10%. The need for improved oil recovery (IOR) has been documented, but most published studies have focused on simulation models and lab tests. The next logical step includes field trials or pilot projects.
Over the last 7-8 years, there have been a number of pilot tests for both water and gas injection in the Bakken. Results from these small pilots were reported to state agencies, and the first part of this paper analyzes the available public data on these pilots. Injectivity of gas or water does not appear to be an issue in the Bakken; however, the projects, in general, show early breakthrough times and poor reservoir sweep efficiencies. Offset wells showed little to no additional oil recovery, but the pilots were limited in scope and duration. Mitigating procedures were not fully implemented to deal with the problems that occurred.
This paper also proposes methodologies for implementing second generation pilots for unconventional reservoirs. Methods are devised to improve understanding of the near well formation before injection starts, detect where fluids are entering and leaving along the lateral and correct for any associated poor sweep efficiency. We also propose long term information collecting strategies and contingency plans to deal with difficulties that may arise during the pilot.
Using EOR to increase recovery from unconventional oil fields is important for the continued success of these plays, and this paper provides a thorough analysis of implementing IOR pilots in these fields.
Surgical management of maxillary and premaxillary osteomyelitis in a reticulated python (Python reticulatus)
Authors: Latney La'Toya V. , McDermott Colin , Scott Gregory , Soltero-Rivera Maria M. , Beguesse Kyla , Sánchez Melissa D. , Lewis John R. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION A 1-year-old reticulated python (Python reticulatus) was evaluated because of a 2-week history of wheezing and hissing.
CLINICAL FINDINGS Rostral facial cellulitis and deep gingival pockets associated with missing rostral maxillary teeth were evident. Tissues of the nares were swollen, resulting in an audible wheeze during respiration. Multiple scars and superficial facial wounds attributed to biting by live prey were apparent. Radiographic examination revealed bilateral, focal, rostral maxillary osteomyelitis.
TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Wound irrigation, antimicrobials, and anti-inflammatory drug treatment resulted in reduced cellulitis. A 3-week regimen that included empirical antimicrobial treatment and improved husbandry resulted in resolution of the respiratory sounds and partial healing of bite wounds, but radiographic evaluation revealed progressive maxillary osteomyelitis. Microbial culture of blood yielded scant gram-positive cocci and Bacillus spp, which were suspected sample contaminants. Bilateral partial maxillectomies were performed; microbial culture and histologic examination of resected bone confirmed osteomyelitis with gram-positive cocci. Treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was initiated on the basis of microbial susceptibility tests. Four months later, follow-up radiography revealed premaxillary osteomyelitis; surgery was declined, and treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was reinstituted. Eight months after surgery, the patient was reevaluated because of recurrent clinical signs; premaxillectomy was performed, and treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was prescribed on the basis of microbial culture of bone and microbial susceptibility testing. Resolution of osteomyelitis was confirmed by CT 11 months after the initial surgery.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Focal maxillectomies and premaxillectomy were successfully performed in a large python. Surgical management and appropriate antimicrobial treatment resulted in a good outcome.
Changes in heart rate, arrhythmia frequency, and cardiac biomarker values in horses during recovery after a long-distance endurance ride
Authors: Flethøj Mette , Kanters Jørgen K. , Haugaard Maria M. , Pedersen Philip J. , Carstensen Helena , Balling Johanne D. , Olsen Lisbeth H. , Buhl Rikke 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate heart rate, heart rate variability, and arrhythmia frequency as well as changes in cardiac biomarker values and their association with heart rate in horses before and after an endurance ride.
DESIGN Cross-sectional study.
ANIMALS 28 Arabian horses competing in a 120- or 160-km endurance ride.
PROCEDURES ECG recordings were obtained from each horse before (preride) and after (recovery) an endurance ride to evaluate changes in heart rate and the SD of normal R-R intervals (SDNN) during the initial 12 hours of recovery. Frequencies of supraventricular and ventricular premature complexes before and after the ride were evaluated. Blood samples were obtained before the ride and twice during recovery. Hematologic analyses included measurement of serum cardiac troponin I concentration and creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity.
RESULTS Heart rate was significantly increased and SDNN was decreased during the recovery versus preride period. Frequency of ventricular premature complexes increased during recovery, albeit not significantly, whereas frequency of supraventricular premature complexes was not significantly different between preride and recovery periods. Serum cardiac troponin I concentration and creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity were significantly increased in the recovery versus preride period. No associations were identified between cardiac biomarkers and velocity, distance, or mean heart rate.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Heart rate increased and SDNN decreased in horses after completion of an endurance ride. These and other cardiac changes suggested that prolonged exercise such as endurance riding might have cardiac effects in horses. Additional studies are needed to clarify the clinical relevance of the findings.
TOWARD A GLOBAL EVOLUTIONARY MODEL OF PROTOPLANETARY DISKS
Authors: Bai Xue-Ning 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
A global picture of the evolution of protoplanetary disks (PPDs) is key to understanding almost every aspect of planet formation, where standard α-disk models have been continually employed for their simplicity. In the meantime, disk mass loss has been conventionally attributed to photoevaporation, which controls disk dispersal. However, a paradigm shift toward accretion driven by magnetized disk winds has taken place in recent years, thanks to studies of non-ideal magnetohydrodynamic effects in PPDs. I present a framework of global PPD evolution aiming to incorporate these advances, highlighting the role of wind-driven accretion and wind mass loss. Disk evolution is found to be largely dominated by wind-driven processes, and viscous spreading is suppressed. The timescale of disk evolution is controlled primarily by the amount of external magnetic flux threading the disks, and how rapidly the disk loses the flux. Rapid disk dispersal can be achieved if the disk is able to hold most of its magnetic flux during the evolution. In addition, because wind launching requires a sufficient level of ionization at the disk surface (mainly via external far-UV (FUV) radiation), wind kinematics is also affected by the FUV penetration depth and disk geometry. For a typical disk lifetime of a few million years, the disk loses approximately the same amount of mass through the wind as through accretion onto the protostar, and most of the wind mass loss proceeds from the outer disk via a slow wind. Fractional wind mass loss increases with increasing disk lifetime. Significant wind mass loss likely substantially enhances the dust-to-gas mass ratio and promotes planet formation.