bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resolution dependence of southern Atlantic Ocean stratocumulus decks
Authors: Canton Jacopo , Dipankar Anurag , Schär Christoph 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOceanic stratocumulus decks of clouds are among the largest contributors to the Earth's radiation budget, covering around a fifth of the planet's surface and reflecting a large part of the incoming solar radiation. Unfortunately, these clouds are not well represented in modern climate models, resulting in one of the leading causes of uncertainty in climate change projections. This contribution analyses this issue from a novel perspective and sheds light on the mechanisms behind the misrepresentation and resolution dependence of these large clouds. The analysis is based on realistic week‐long simulations performed over a  km oceanic domain. Four horizontal resolutions, between 4.4 and 0.55 km, are employed, resulting in a timely investigation, especially in light of the high resolutions employed by present and near‐future climate projections. Results show that the liquid cloud water, the main contributor to the simulated grid‐scale clouds, decreases with a power‐law decay as the resolution increases, whereas the water vapour, responsible for subgrid‐scale clouds, is much less affected by the grid spacing. The leading cause is identified as an imbalance between the rates of change of the advection and turbulence parametrisation terms. In order to verify this observation and provide a possible mitigation to the issue, a second set of simulations is performed where the turbulence parametrisation is tuned. The strategy proves to be successful, confirming the hypotheses and resulting not only in a resolution‐independent radiation budget but also cloud coverage.
Comparative Study of Fast Optimization Method for Four‐Intensity Measurement‐Device‐Independent Quantum Key Distribution Through Machine Learning
Authors: Cao Zhou‐Kai , Yu Zong‐Wen , Jiang Cong , Wang Xiang‐Bin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe four‐intensity protocol for measurement‐device‐independent (MDI) quantum key distribution (QKD) is renowned for its excellent performance and extensive experimental implementation. To enhance this protocol, a machine learning‐driven rapid parameter optimization method is developed. This initial step involved a speed‐up technique that quickly pinpoints the worst‐case scenarios with minimal data points during the optimization phase. This is followed by a detailed scan in the key rate calculation phase, streamlining data collection to fit machine learning timelines effectively. Several machine learning models are assessed—Generalized Linear Models (GLM), k‐Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Decision Trees (DT), Random Forests (RF), XGBoost (XGB), and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP)—with a focus on predictive accuracy, efficiency, and robustness. RF and MLP were particularly noteworthy for their superior accuracy and robustness, respectively. This optimized approach significantly speeds up computation, enabling complex calculations to be performed in microseconds on standard personal computers, while still achieving high key rates with limited data. Such advancements are crucial for deploying QKD under dynamic conditions, such as in fluctuating fiber‐optic networks and satellite communications.
Nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease caused by Mycobacterium seoulense
Authors: Nakamoto Keitaro , Fujiwara Keiji , Morimoto Kozo , Ohta Ken 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMycobacterium seoulense was first isolated and reported in Korea in 2007. We report a rare case of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) pulmonary disease caused by M. seoulense. A woman in her mid‐90s was referred to our hospital due to bloody sputum. She had medical histories of chronic heart failure and chemoradiotherapy for right small cell lung carcinoma. Chest computed tomography showed a consolidation on the mediastinal side of the right lung following radiotherapy and nodules with bronchiectasis of the right upper and middle lobes. Acid‐fast culture tests of sputum were positive for M. seoulense. We are currently treating her with tranexamic acid and carbazochrome sodium sulfonate and conducting careful follow‐up. M. seoulense infection may need to be recognized as one of the notable NTM pulmonary diseases presenting with respiratory symptoms and radiological findings.
Dielectric Relaxation, Electrical Conductivity, Dielectric Permittivity, and Correlated Barrier Hopping Conduction Mechanism Analysis in Ag Doped Bi2S3 at Low Temperatures
Authors: Masood Fiza , Abbas Qaisar , Kazmi Syed Mesam Tamar , Sher F. , Rafiq M. A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPure and 6% Ag doped bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) were synthesized via solid‐state reaction method at 500 °C. The X‐ray diffraction method confirmed the orthorhombic phase with average crystallite size ∼25 nm and average lattice strain ∼0.5% and ∼0.6% for pure and 6% Ag doped Bi2S3. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images confirmed nanobelt morphology. A direct bandgap of ∼3.3 and ∼3.4 eV for pure and doped Bi2S3 was estimated using UV–vis spectroscopy, respectively. AC measurements were performed from 200 Hz to 2 MHz at temperature 223–298 K. Investigation of Nyquist plots of 6% Ag doped Bi2S3 nanobelts suggested space‐charge‐dependent behavior and indicated an negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR). AC conductivity adhered to Jonscher's power law in which the decreasing trend of s‐parameter with increasing temperature indicates correlated barrier hopping conduction mechanism. From this model, hopping distance (∼10−9–10−11 m) and density of states (∼1022–1023 eV−1 cm−3) were estimated. The dielectric permittivity exhibited dispersion at low frequencies due to the combined effect of electronic, ionic, and interfacial polarizations. Presence of two semicircular arcs in the complex modulus analysis suggested the presence of both grain and grain‐boundary effects.
Interpretable machine‐learning models for predicting creep recovery of concrete
Authors: Mei Shengqi , Liu Xiaodong , Wang Xingju , Li Xufeng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCreep recovery of concrete is essential for accurately assessing the performance of concrete structures over service time. Existing creep recovery models exhibit low accuracy, and the influencing factors of creep recovery remain inadequately elucidated. In this paper, interpretable machine learning (ML) techniques were employed to develop a prediction model for concrete creep recovery. Several ML techniques were selected including random forest (RF), support vector regression (SVR), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) and light gradient boosting machine (LGBM). In order to maximize the sample size of the dataset, 109 sets of creep recovery data were collected from existing literatures for model training. Feature selection is utilized to determine the input parameters for ML models, and 12 input variables were selected. The model is fine‐tuned using Bayesian optimization techniques. To ensure the reliability of ML models, 10‐fold cross‐validation and random data splitting were implemented. The results indicate that the ML models exhibited higher accuracy compared to the existing creep recovery model. Among these ML models, LGBM demonstrated superior accuracy, efficiency and stability (with R2 = 0.993, 0.978, and 0.973 for the training, testing, and validation sets, respectively). Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) were employed to interpret the significance of each input parameter on ML model prediction. Duration after unloading, stress magnitude, and ambient relative humidity were the main feature variables influencing concrete creep recovery. Upon comparing the influencing factors, it was discerned that there exists a distinct difference between creep and creep recovery of concrete.
Dynamic prediction of pregnancy outcome after previous stillbirth or perinatal death: pilot study to establish proof‐of‐concept and explore method feasibility
Authors: Heazell A. E. P. , Graham N. , Parkes M. J. , Wilkinson J. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo establish proof‐of‐concept for the dynamic prediction of adverse pregnancy outcome in women with a history of stillbirth or perinatal death, repeatedly throughout the pregnancy.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of women in a subsequent pregnancy following previous perinatal loss, who received antenatal care at a tertiary hospital between January 2014 and December 2017, was used as the basis for exploratory prognostic model development. Models were developed to repeatedly predict a composite adverse outcome (stillbirth or neonatal death, 5‐min Apgar score < 7, umbilical artery pH ≤ 7.05, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit for longer than 24 h, preterm birth (< 37 completed weeks) or birth weight < 10th centile) using the findings of sequential ultrasound scans for fetal biometry and umbilical and uterine artery Doppler.ResultsIn total, 506 participants were eligible, of whom 504 were included in the analysis. An adverse pregnancy outcome was experienced by 110 (22%) participants. The ability to predict the composite outcome using repeated head circumference and estimated fetal weight measurements improved as the pregnancy progressed (e.g. area under the receiver‐operating‐characteristics curve improved from 0.59 at 24 weeks' gestation to 0.74 at 36 weeks' gestation), supporting proof‐of‐concept. Predictors to include in dynamic prediction models were identified, including ultrasound measurements of fetal biometry, umbilical and uterine artery Doppler and placental size and shape.ConclusionThe present study supports proof‐of‐concept for dynamic prediction of adverse outcome in pregnancy following prior stillbirth or perinatal death, which could be used to identify risks earlier in pregnancy, while highlighting methodological challenges and requirements for subsequent large‐scale model development studies. © 2024 The Author(s). Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Magnetic resonance imaging and tractography of sensorimotor tracts in fetuses with intraventricular hemorrhage: feasibility and added prognostic value
Authors: Hadi E. , Dorittke T. , Kienast P. , Binder J. , Glatter S. , Hershko‐Klement A. , Lerman‐Sagie T. , Prayer D. , Kasprian G. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo assess the feasibility, characteristics and prognostic value of prenatal visualization of the corticospinal tracts (CSTs) using diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐based tractography in fetuses with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH).MethodsThis was a retrospective single‐center cohort study of singleton fetuses diagnosed with IVH on MRI from January 2011 to December 2018. The left and right CSTs were reconstructed according to an in‐utero diffusion tensor imaging sequence using a multi‐region of interest (ROI) deterministic tractography approach. The CSTs were segmented by two polygonal ROI: at the level of the posterior limb of the internal capsule and the crus cerebri. The morphology and integrity of the CSTs were assessed visually. Internal capsule and crus cerebri apparent diffusion coefficient and fractional anisotropy values were measured. Postnatal motor function data were obtained from the parents using the functional status scale.ResultsA total of 35 fetuses with IVH (mean ± SD gestational age, 29.1 ± 5.1 (range, 19.9–38.9) weeks) were included in the analysis. Parenchymal involvement on T2‐weighted sequences was demonstrated in 19 (54%) of the cohort. CST involvement correlated significantly with the presence of parenchymal damage on T2‐weighted imaging (P = 0.02). Among liveborn cases, the rate of motor impairment was 14% (1/7) in children with intact CSTs compared with 100% (5/5) in cases in which the CSTs were impaired (P = 0.015).ConclusionsFetal corticospinal tractography is feasible technically and offers valuable prognostic information. It enhances parental counseling by providing insights into potential motor outcome, underscoring its utility in complementing fetal neurosonography in cases of prenatal IVH. © 2024 The Author(s). Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Credit Risk Transfer and Systemic Risk
Authors: Moliterni Francesco 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter investigates the relationship between the banking and insurance industry by focusing on systemic risk. The concept of credit risk transfer stems from banks’ inclination to offload credit risks. Insurance companies, particularly those specializing in risk transfer services, emerge as natural recipients for these risks. Notably, credit insurance firms are equipped with specialized expertise in risk assessment and selection. Banks seek to mitigate their exposure to credit risks by transferring them to insurance companies. This transfer occurs because insurance companies, particularly those offering risk transfer services, possess the necessary expertise to assess and manage these risks effectively.
Researching Precarious Work Experiences
Authors: Hancock Philip , Tyler Melissa 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter presents and evaluates the methodological approach to the research discussed in subsequent chapters, explaining how data was identified, collected, and analysed. It describes how the project began with a consideration of existing research and secondary data, including relevant policy and briefing documents and reports published before and during the duration of the project, allowing us to establish a broad understanding of the ethnographic landscape shaping the lived experiences we set out to understand. The chapter then describes and evaluates the approach we took to the collection and analysis of primary data, based on an online survey and series of in-depth, semi-structured interviews with freelance and self-employed live performers in the UK.
COVID-19 and Its Impact
Authors: Hancock Philip , Tyler Melissa 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDrawing on original research data, this chapter examines the measures taken to contain the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK and their impact on freelance and self-employed live performers and their particular industries. It then focuses on the lived experiences of freelance and self-employed performers during this period, providing insight into their hopes and fears in the face of the devastation of their working lives at the time of the pandemic, while contextualising these in relation to the pre-existing precarity discussed previously. Finally, the chapter considers the ability of performers to transition to performing online during periods of lockdown, evaluating both the opportunities and challenges that such a transition brought about, and reflecting on how these were experienced.
The Challenges of Financial and Operational Precarity
Authors: Hancock Philip , Tyler Melissa 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this chapter, survey and interview data are again used to report in more depth on the financial and operational impact of the pandemic on freelance and self-employed performers working in the live entertainment industries during and in the aftermath of COVID-19. The chapter focuses on performers’ experiences of the financial consequences of the pandemic, in particular. It considers the challenges faced by performers who tried to access various forms of governmental and organisational support as well as the experiences of those who performed online, providing a detailed account of the operational and personal challenges that doing so presented.
Precarity, Identity, and the Meaning of Cultural and Creative Work
Authors: Hancock Philip , Tyler Melissa 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the subjective experiences of precarity as these were relayed to us and discussed during the research. In doing so, the chapter explores the significance of a number of existential themes relating to identity, vulnerability, and the desire for recognition that impacted on freelance and self-employed live performers’ lived experiences of the pandemic in such a way that they often led to some questioning the viability of their working lives and identities. Further, the chapter reports on the perceived importance of individual entrepreneurial activities geared towards establishing professional and audience networking during and beyond the pandemic, considering how the sense of recognition this could generate might help to contribute not only to a performers’ greater financial security but also to a positive sense of self-esteem and self-respect. It also considers some of the more problematic and challenging issues such activities raised, not least in relation to the question of what it means to be a live performance artist.
Phase transition and gravitational waves in maximally symmetric composite Higgs model
Authors: Banerjee Avik , Merchand Marco , Nałęcz Ignacy 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper we study phase transitions in a maximally symmetric composite Higgs model with next-to-minimal coset, where a pseudoscalar singlet emerges alongside the Higgs doublet. The maximal symmetry guarantees the finiteness of the radiatively generated scalar potential. We explore the scenario involving an explicit source of CP violation in the strong sector, which induces a ℤ2 asymmetric scalar potential, and consequently leads to nonzero vacuum expectation value for the singlet. Current experimental bounds from the LHC are imposed on the masses of the composite resonances, while the CP violating interactions of the pseudo Nambu-Goldstone bosons are tightly constrained from the measurements of the electric dipole moment of the electron. We compute the finite temperature corrections to the potential, incorporating the momentum-dependent form factors in the loop integrals to capture the effect of the strong dynamics. The impact of the resonances from the strong sector on the finite temperature potential are exponentially suppressed. The presence of explicit CP violation leads to strong first-order phase transition from a false vacuum to the electroweak vacuum where the pseudoscalar singlet has a non-zero vacuum expectation value. We illustrate that, as a result of such phase transitions, the production of potentially observable gravitational waves at future detectors will offer a complementary avenue to probe the composite Higgs models, distinct from collider experiments.
Blackening S-folds
Authors: Guarino Adolfo , Rudra Anik , Sterckx Colin , Trigiante Mario 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We construct the universal AdS4 black hole that asymptotes to the (φ, χ)-family of type IIB S-fold backgrounds dual to the conformal manifold of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 S-fold CFT’s. We present the explicit type IIB embedding of such a universal black hole for two particular asymptotics: the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 S-fold with U(2) symmetry at (φ, χ) = (0, 0) and the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 S-fold with SO(4) symmetry at (φ, χ) = (1, 0). As a byproduct, we also present a novel two-parameter family of AdS2 × M8 supersymmetric S-fold backgrounds with M8 = ℍ2 × S5 × S1 that features a parametrically-controlled scale separation involving some of the internal directions.
Alpha-hemolysin promotes internalization of Staphylococcus aureus into human lung epithelial cells via caveolin-1- and cholesterol-rich lipid rafts
Authors: Goldmann Oliver , Lang Julia C. , Rohde Manfred , May Tobias , Molinari Gabriella , Medina Eva 
Published: October 2024

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus is a pathogen associated with severe respiratory infections. The ability of S. aureus to internalize into lung epithelial cells complicates the treatment of respiratory infections caused by this bacterium. In the intracellular environment, S. aureus can avoid elimination by the immune system and the action of circulating antibiotics. Consequently, interfering with S. aureus internalization may represent a promising adjunctive therapeutic strategy to enhance the efficacy of conventional treatments. Here, we investigated the host-pathogen molecular interactions involved in S. aureus internalization into human lung epithelial cells. Lipid raft-mediated endocytosis was identified as the main entry mechanism. Thus, bacterial internalization was significantly reduced after the disruption of lipid rafts with methyl-β-cyclodextrin. Confocal microscopy confirmed the colocalization of S. aureus with lipid raft markers such as ganglioside GM1 and caveolin-1. Adhesion of S. aureus to α5β1 integrin on lung epithelial cells via fibronectin-binding proteins (FnBPs) was a prerequisite for bacterial internalization. A mutant S. aureus strain deficient in the expression of alpha-hemolysin (Hla) was significantly impaired in its capacity to enter lung epithelial cells despite retaining its capacity to adhere. This suggests a direct involvement of Hla in the bacterial internalization process. Among the receptors for Hla located in lipid rafts, caveolin-1 was essential for S. aureus internalization, whereas ADAM10 was dispensable for this process. In conclusion, this study supports a significant role of lipid rafts in S. aureus internalization into human lung epithelial cells and highlights the interaction between bacterial Hla and host caveolin-1 as crucial for the internalization process.
Hidden in red: evidence for and against red camouflage in a jumping spider (Saitis barbipes)
Authors: Gerfen Jasmin Laura , Tedore Cynthia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractInvestigating the conspicuousness of animal color patterns to different observers is crucial for understanding their function. This study examines the peculiar case of a jumping spider (Saitis barbipes) whose males display red and black ornaments during courtship despite an apparent inability to distinguish these colors. We propose that, through predator eyes, red may actually be a better match than black to the spiders’ leaf litter background, and that the black fringe of hairs surrounding red ornaments may blur with red at natural predator acuities and viewing distances to produce a background-matching desaturated red. In a field experiment, we test whether red ornaments reduce predation relative to red ornaments painted black, and find that, unexpectedly, spiders with red ornaments are more heavily predated upon. Having established birds as the spiders’ primary predators, we image the spiders in their natural habitat using an avian-vision camera. We find their red coloration to have similar color contrast, but lower achromatic contrast, with the background than black coloration. We also find that red and black elements blur together at typical avian acuities and viewing distances to produce lower chromatic and achromatic contrasts with the background than would be seen by animals with higher acuities and/or closer viewing distances. Interestingly, red ornaments appear orange or yellow when viewed obliquely, which reduces their achromatic, but not chromatic, contrast with the background. Our imaging results provide support for our hypothesis that red is camouflaging, whereas the results of our predation experiment do not. Any functional significance of the spiders’ red coloration therefore remains unresolved.