bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flow diverter treatment of intracranial vertebral artery dissecting pseudoaneurysms
Authors: Cerejo Russell , Bain Mark , Moore Nina , Hardman Julian , Bauer Andrew , Hussain M Shazam , Masaryk Thomas , Rasmussen Peter , Toth Gabor 
Published: April 2017

IntroductionIntracranial vertebral dissecting pseudoaneurysms are a rare, but increasingly recognized, cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage and ischemic stroke. The risks of aneurysm re-rupture and associated morbidity are high. The use of flow diverter stents for the treatment of these aneurysms has not been well studied.ObjectiveTo report our data and provide a summarized review of literature using flow diverter stents for the treatment of intracranial vertebral artery dissecting pseudoaneurysms.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of flow diverter stents used for the treatment of intracranial vertebral artery dissecting pseudoaneurysms. Clinical, imaging, procedural, and follow-up data were collected.ResultsWe identified eight vertebral dissecting pseudoaneurysms in seven patients (5 (71.4%) female; median age 47 years (IQR 46–52)) who had undergone treatment with flow diverter stents. In 4/7 patients (57.1%) the aneurysm had ruptured; however, only one was treated in the acute phase. Median size of the largest diameter of the aneurysm was 6.3 mm (IQR 4.2–8.8), and 7/8 aneurysms (87.5%) were treated with a single flow diverter device. Three aneurysms were concurrently coiled. Angiographic complete occlusion was seen in 6/8 (75%) aneurysms at a median follow-up of 14 months (IQR 7.7–20.2). Two patients had periprocedural strokes with transient neurologic deficits. All patients had a good clinical outcome (modified Rankin Scale score ≤2). There were no re-treatments or aneurysm ruptures during the follow-up period.ConclusionsOur experience suggests that flow diverter stent treatment of intracranial vertebral artery dissecting pseudoaneurysms is safe, and associated with good occlusion rates and favorable clinical outcomes.
Fe–6.5% Si/SiO2 powder cores prepared by spark plasma sintering: Magnetic properties and sintering mechanism
Authors: Xu Lili , Yan Biao 
Published: April 2017

The Fe–6.5% Si/SiO2 powder cores were prepared by dry-type stirring ball milling and subsequent spark plasma sintering (SPS). Microstructure, magnetic properties and sintering mechanism of Fe–6.5% Si/SiO2 powder core were investigated. The experimental result indicated that Fe–6.5% Si particles were perfectly surrounded by SiO2 insulating layer with cristobalite structure. Compared with Fe–6.5% Si powder core, Fe–6.5% Si/SiO2 powder core has 20 times higher electrical resistivity ([Formula: see text]) and maintained excellent soft magnetic properties ([Formula: see text] emu/g, [Formula: see text] Oe). Core losses decreased to nearly 1/10 of those of Fe–6.5% Si powder core due to the insulation effect of SiO2 particles. Sintering mechanisms of Fe–6.5% Si/SiO2 core-shell powders during spark plasma sintering are proposed on the basis of high electrical resistivity (easy to heat) and pin effects (easy to discharge) of SiO2 particles.
The effect of strain rates on tensile deformation of ultrafine-grained copper
Authors: Li M. , Jiang Q. W. 
Published: April 2017

Tensile deformation behavior of ultrafine-grained (UFG) copper processed by accumulative roll-bonding (ARB) was studied under different strain rates at room temperature. It was found that the UFG copper under the strain rate of 10[Formula: see text] s[Formula: see text] led to a higher strength (higher flow stress level), flow stability (higher stress hardening rate) and fracture elongation. In the fracture surface of the sample appeared a large number of cleavage steps under the strain rate of 10[Formula: see text] s[Formula: see text], indicating a typical brittle fracture mode. When the strain rate is 10[Formula: see text] or 10[Formula: see text] s[Formula: see text], a great amount of dimples with few cleavage steps were observed, showing a transition from brittle to plastic deformation with increasing strain rate.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of CoS2–Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite for Supercapacitor Application
Authors: Venkateshalu Sandhya , Rangappa Dinesh , Grace Andrews Nirmala 
Published: April 2017

A Cobalt disulfide–reduced graphene oxide (CoS2-RGO) nanocomposite was prepared by a simple hydrothermal method and the prepared nanocomposite was characterized using various techniques like XRD, SEM and FTIR. The results of these techniques indicated the uniform deposition of CoS2 nanoparticles on Graphene sheets. Further, the prepared nanocomposites were tested for its activity towards energy storage and the test results showed a specific capacitance of 28[Formula: see text]F/g in an aqueous 20% KOH electrolyte at a current density of 0.5[Formula: see text]A/g. All these materials showed highly reversible charge–discharge cycles. The overall electrochemical performance of this composite is shown to be drastically improved when compared to bare CoS2 nanoparticles. Thus with the good electrochemical properties, CoS2–RGO nanocomposites could be effectively used as an electrode material for supercapacitors.
Synthesis of NiS–Graphene Nanocomposites and its Electrochemical Performance for Supercapacitors
Authors: Pandey Chandan Abhishek , Ravuri Syamsai , Ramachandran R. , Santhosh R. , Ghosh Sourav , Sitaraman S. R. , Grace Andrews Nirmala 
Published: April 2017

The aim of this work is to synthesize nickel sulfide–graphene (NiS/G) nanocomposites with different compositions and to analyze the structural and electrochemical capacity and compatibility for their application as supercapacitor material with enhanced charge storage capacity and reduced impedance. NiS nanoparticles (NPs) loaded on graphene were synthesized at various concentrations of graphene by a simple hydrothermal route from nickel sulphate and graphene oxide as precursors in the presence of PVP as surfactant and thioacetamide (TAA) as sulfur source. The composites structural, morphological and physical properties were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier Transform-infrared (FT-IR) analysis. SEM measurements showed the presence of surface attachment of the NiS NPs onto the graphene sheets. To assess the properties of the nanocomposites for their applicability in supercapacitors, electrochemical analysis was carried out in 6[Formula: see text]M KOH electrolyte. Three different samples with different graphene contents — GNiS-10 with 10 wt.%, GNiS-20 with 20 wt.% and GNiS-40 with 40 wt.% were prepared. The specific capacitances obtained for the nanocomposites were calculated to be 84.33[Formula: see text]F/g, 129.66[Formula: see text]F/g, 187.53[Formula: see text]F/g at 10[Formula: see text]mV/s scan rate, respectively. The EIS data showed that the loading of NiS NPs on graphene caused the reduction in impedance at high frequency and has a long cycle life (over 1000 cycles).
Empirical fatality model for Indonesia based on a Bayesian approach
Authors: Sengara I. Wayan , Suarjana Made , Yulman M. Addifa , Gashemi Hadi , Ryu Hyeuk 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
An empirical fatality model for Indonesia has been developed by relating the macroseismic intensity to the fatality rate using compiled sub-district level fatality rate data and the numerically simulated ground-shaking intensity for four recent damaging events. The fatality rate data were compiled by collecting population and fatality statistics of the regions affected by the selected events. The ground-shaking intensity was numerically estimated by incorporating a finite-fault model of each event and local site conditions approximated by topographically based site amplifications. The macroseismic intensity distribution of each event was generated using ShakeMap software, combining a selected pair of ground motion prediction equations and ground motion to intensity conversion equations. The developed fatality model is a Bayesian generalized linear model in which the fatality rate is assumed to follow a mixture of Bernoulli and gamma distributions. The model was validated by calculating the fatalities in past events from the EXPO-CAT catalogue and comparing the estimates with the EXPO-CAT fatality records. Although the model can provide an estimate of the range of fatalities for future events, it needs ongoing refinement by the incorporation of additional fatality rate data from past and future events.
Use and Customization of Risk Scores for Predicting Cardiovascular Events Using Electronic Health Record Data
Authors: Wolfson Julian , Vock David M. , Bandyopadhyay Sunayan , Kottke Thomas , Vazquez‐Benitez Gabriela , Johnson Paul , Adomavicius Gediminas , O'Connor Patrick J. 
Published: April 2017

Background

Clinicians who are using the Framingham Risk Score (
FRS
) or the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Pooled Cohort Equations (
PCE
) to estimate risk for their patients based on electronic health data (
EHD
) face 4 questions. (1) Do published risk scores applied to
EHD
yield accurate estimates of cardiovascular risk? (2) Are
FRS
risk estimates, which are based on data that are up to 45 years old, valid for a contemporary patient population seeking routine care? (3) Do the
PCE
make the
FRS
obsolete? (4) Does refitting the risk score using
EHD
improve the accuracy of risk estimates?

Methods and Results

Data were extracted from the
EHD
of 84 116 adults aged 40 to 79 years who received care at a large healthcare delivery and insurance organization between 2001 and 2011. We assessed calibration and discrimination for 4 risk scores: published versions of
FRS
and
PCE
and versions obtained by refitting models using a subset of the available
EHD
. The published
FRS
was well calibrated (calibration statistic K=9.1, miscalibration ranging from 0% to 17% across risk groups), but the
PCE
displayed modest evidence of miscalibration (calibration statistic K=43.7, miscalibration from 9% to 31%). Discrimination was similar in both models (C‐index=0.740 for
FRS
, 0.747 for
PCE
). Refitting the published models using
EHD
did not substantially improve calibration or discrimination.

Conclusions

We conclude that published cardiovascular risk models can be successfully applied to
EHD
to estimate cardiovascular risk; the
FRS
remains valid and is not obsolete; and model refitting does not meaningfully improve the accuracy of risk estimates.
Short Length of Stay After Elective Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement is Not Associated With Increased Early or Late Readmission Risk
Authors: Sud Maneesh , Qui Feng , Austin Peter C. , Ko Dennis T. , Wood David , Czarnecki Andrew , Patel Vaidehi , Lee Douglas S. , Wijeysundera Harindra C. 
Published: April 2017

Background

Elderly patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (
TAVR
) are at risk of hospital readmission postprocedure. It is not known whether the index hospital length of stay and, specifically, early discharge post‐
TAVR
is associated with an increased risk of readmission. We hypothesized a nonlinear relationship whereby both short and long lengths of stay were associated with increased readmission risk.

Methods and Results

We performed a retrospective multicenter cohort analysis of patients undergoing elective transfemoral
TAVR
and surviving to discharge between January 2007 and March 2014. The exposure variable was hospital length of stay measured from the procedure date to the date of discharge and modeled as a continuous variable in a multivariable cause‐specific Cox regression. Main outcome measures were 30‐day and 1‐year all‐cause readmissions. The study population consisted of 709 patients with a median length of stay of 6 days (interquartile range, 4–8). At 30‐days and 1‐year, 13.5% and 44.0% of patients were readmitted, respectively. Although post‐
TAVR
length of stay was not associated with 30‐day all‐cause readmissions (
P
=0.925), there existed a significant association with 1‐year readmission (
P
=0.010) after adjustment for baseline clinical variables. The association between post‐
TAVR
length of stay and 1‐year readmission was linear (
P
=0.549 for nonlinearity) with no evidence supporting an increased readmission risk for shorter length of stays.

Conclusions

Among elderly survivors of elective transfemoral
TAVR
, a short postprocedural length of stay was not associated with an increased risk readmission within 30 days or 1 year. However, the risk of 1‐year readmission increased with longer post‐
TAVR
lengths of stay.
Clinical Significance of Postinfarct Fever in ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Authors: Jang Woo Jin , Yang Jeong Hoon , Song Young Bin , Chun Woo Jung , Oh Ju Hyeon , Park Yong Hwan , Lee Mi Rae , Hwang Jin Kyung , Hwang Ji‐Won , Hahn Joo‐Yong , Choi Seung‐Hyuk , Lee Sang‐Chol , Choe Yeon Hyeon , Gwon Hyeon‐Cheol 
Published: April 2017

Background

Little is known about causality and pathological mechanism underlying association of postinfarct fever with myocardial injury in patients with
ST
‐segment elevation myocardial infarction.

Methods and Results

In 276 patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for
ST
‐segment elevation myocardial infarction, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was performed a median of 3.4 days after the index procedure. Forty‐five patients had postinfarct fever (peak body temperature within 4 days after primary percutaneous coronary intervention ≥37.7°C; Fever group) whereas 231 did not (no‐Fever group). Primary outcome was myocardial infarct size as assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Secondary outcomes were extent of area at risk, myocardial salvage index, and microvascular obstruction area. In cardiac magnetic resonance imaging analysis, myocardial infarct size (25.6% [19.7–32.4] in the Fever group versus 17.2% [11.8–25.4] in the no‐Fever group;
P
<0.01), extent of area at risk (43.7% [31.9–54.9] versus 35.3% [24.0–43.7];
P
<0.01), and microvascular obstruction area (4.4% [0.0–13.2] versus 1.2% [0.0–5.1];
P
=0.02) were greater in the Fever group than in the no‐Fever group. Myocardial salvage index tended to be lower in the Fever group compared to the no‐Fever group (37.7 [28.5–56.1] versus 47.0 [34.1–56.8];
P
=0.13). In multivariate analysis, postinfarct fever was associated with larger myocardial infarct (odds ratio, 3.48; 95%
CI
, 1.71–7.07;
P
<0.01) and lower
MSI
(odds ratio, 2.10; 95%
CI
, 1.01–4.08;
P
=0.03).

Conclusions

Postinfarct fever could predict advanced myocardial injury and less salvaged myocardium in
ST
‐segment elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention.
“Good Outcome” Isn’t Good Enough
Authors: Kapoor Arunima , Lanctôt Krista L. , Bayley Mark , Kiss Alex , Herrmann Nathan , Murray Brian J. , Swartz Richard H. 
Published: April 2017

Background and Purpose—
Functional outcome after stroke is often only evaluated using the modified Rankin Scale, which primarily assesses activities of daily living. Stroke patients may experience difficulties with social reintegration and mental functions, feel isolated, and experience poor quality of life, even after physical recovery is complete. Functional assessments based solely on activity limitations may not be able to capture the full range of problems experienced by stroke survivors.

Methods—
Telephone interviews were conducted 2 to 3 years poststroke to assess outcome on multiple levels of functioning as stated in the WHO International Classification of Functioning: body function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Patient Health Questionnaire-2), activity (modified Rankin Scale), and participation (Reintegration to Normal Living Index).

Results—
Ninety-six (68%) patients had a favorable functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale <2). Of these, 79, 91, and 93 patients completed the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Reintegration to Normal Living Index, and Patient Health Questionnaire-2, respectively. Forty-three (54%) patients were cognitively impaired, 47 (52%) had restrictions in reintegration, and 30 (32%) endorsed symptoms of depression. There was no difference in Montreal Cognitive Assessment or Patient Health Questionnaire-2 scores between those who had activity limitations and those who had not.

Conclusions—
More than half of stroke patients with excellent functional recovery measured by the modified Rankin Scale continue to have cognitive impairment and participation restrictions, and one third of patients continue to have depression 2 to 3 years later. Current definitions of good functional outcome used in the majority of stroke acute trials focus on activity limitations, but greater attention to multiple levels of recovery is required.
Comparison of Associations of Reduced Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate With Stroke Outcomes Between Hypertension and No Hypertension
Authors: Wang Xianwei , Wang Yilong , Patel Uptal D. , Barnhart Huiman Xie , Li Zixiao , Li Hao , Wang Chunxue , Zhao Xingquan , Liu Liping , Wang Yongjun , Laskowitz Daniel T. 
Published: April 2017

Background and Purpose—
We compared the association of low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) with stroke outcomes among patients with hypertension and without hypertension.

Methods—

We used the China stroke registry to identify patients on discharge with the diagnosis of stroke in 2012 and 2013. Low eGFR was defined as <60 mL/min/1.73 m
2
. Multivariable analysis was used to evaluate the association of low eGFR with 1-year all-cause mortality, recurrent stroke, poor functional outcome defined as 3 to 6 in modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and ordinal mRS, where the interaction of eGFR category and hypertension status was investigated.

Results—

Of 5082 patients without hypertension, 221 patients (4.4%) had low eGFR, as compared with 1378 patients (8.6%) previously diagnosed with hypertension. In patients without hypertension, the adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence interval of low eGFR was 1.88 (1.23–2.88) for all-cause mortality, 1.36 (0.66–2.83) for recurrent stroke, 2.14 (1.45–3.16) for poor functional outcome, and 2.07 (1.58–2.70) for ordinal mRS. In patients with hypertension, low eGFR was associated with all stroke outcomes: 1.80 (1.50–2.16) for all-cause mortality, 1.52 (1.20–1.91) for recurrent stroke, 1.30 (1.11–1.52) for poor functional outcome, and 1.31 (1.18–1.46) for ordinal mRS. The significant interaction between eGFR categories and hypertension was only found for poor functional outcome (
P
=0.046) and ordinal mRS (
P
=0.002).

Conclusions—
Effect of low eGFR on all-cause mortality and recurrent stroke in patients without hypertension was not significantly different from that in patients with hypertension, but low-eGFR patients without hypertension had a higher risk of stroke-related disability than those with hypertension.
Foam sclerotherapy of the great saphenous vein in association with pre-terminal saphenous junction ligation/division as an office-based procedure: 12-Month results
Authors: Leo Moro , Stefano Ricci , Raffaele Antonelli Incalzi 
Published: April 2017

Objective Ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS) – one of the most frequently recommended methods for treating great saphenous vein incompetence – is easy and inexpensive. However, it achieves a lower occlusion rate compared to endovenous thermal ablation. The application of UGFS to pre-terminal great saphenous vein interruption, eliminating the saphenous stem wash out effect, enhances the short-term occlusion rate. This study explores the results of this technique at 12 months. Method Thirty great saphenous veins (28 patients) with junction incompetence, with calibres >6 mm and >30 cm reflux stem length were submitted to echo-guided pre-terminal great saphenous vein interruption and foam great saphenous vein occlusion. Participants were subjected to a 12-month post-operative review by ultrasound assessment of great saphenous vein occlusion and terminal stump stability. Comparisons were made between pre-operative and 12-month Validation of Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS), photopletismography, Aberdeen questionnaire and complications. Results After 12 months, 28/30 great saphenous veins remained occluded (93%). One complete and one partial recanalization did not require retreatment. Four saphenous stumps showed a reflux during Valsalva (one due to recanalization, one limited to the stump, two with reflux in the anterior accessory saphenous vein). VCSS improved from 3.33 ± 1.64 to 0.67 ± 1.21 ( p < 0.05). Aberdeen questionnaire scores decreased from 9.44 ± 6.18 to 2.47 ± 3.77 ( p < 0.05). For photopletismographic examination, the mean venous refilling time (normal value: > 25 s) improved from 17.94 ± 11.97 to 31.4 ± 11.99 ( p < 0.05). Conclusion Applying pre-terminal great saphenous vein interruption to UGFS of the saphenous stem achieved an occlusion rate at one year similar to that of endovenous thermal ablation. The procedure is simple, effective, office based, and may be used as a 10-min prolongation to a phlebectomy.
Changes in physical activity following total hip or knee arthroplasty: a matched case-control study from the EPIC-Norfolk cohort
Authors: Smith Toby , Withers Thomas , Luben Robert , Sackley Catherine , Jones Andy , MacGregor Alex 
Published: April 2017

Objective: To assess self-reported physical activity changes pre- compared to post-operatively in patients undergoing total hip or knee arthroplasty, and to compare this to an age- and gender-matched cohort of people who have not undergone arthroplasty. Design: Population-based prospective cohort study. Setting: Norfolk, United Kingdom. Subjects: People who had undergone hip or knee arthroplasty, compared to an age- and gender-matched non-arthroplasty cohort. Intervention: Primary total hip or knee arthroplasty. Main measures: Physical activity, measured using the EPIC Physical Activity Questionnaire (EPAQ2). Results: A total of 400 people from the EPIC-Norfolk community cohort were identified who had undergone hip or knee arthroplasty. In all, 767 people were identified to form an age- and gender-matched non-arthroplasty cohort. Mean post-operative follow-up was 43 months post-total hip and 41 months post-total knee arthroplasty. There was a statistically significant reduction from pre- to post-arthroplasty in the number of flights of stairs climbed weekly (hip: mean difference (MD): 6.8; P < 0.01; knee: MD: 10.2; P < 0.01), duration of walking (hip: MD: 1.4 hours/week; P = .02; knee: MD: 2.2 hours/week; P < 0.01) and duration of total recreational activity (hip: MD: 1.1 hours/week; P = 0.02). Compared to the non-arthroplasty cohort, duration of physical activity was lower post-total hip arthroplasty (MD: 1.8 hours/week; P = 0.01). The number of flights of stairs climbed weekly (MD: 12.0; P < 0.01), total recreational activity (MD: 1.7 hours/week; P = 0.04) and physical activity energy expenditure (MD: 5.7 Mets-hours/week; P = 0.05) were lower for people post-total knee arthroplasty compared to the matched controls. Conclusions: Physical activity did not increase, and in some instances decreased, following total hip or knee arthroplasty.