bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Green Mountains and White Plains: The Effect of Northern Hemisphere Ice Sheets on the Global Energy Budget
Authors: Roberts William H. G. , Valdes Paul J. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The changes in the global energy budget in response to imposing an ice sheet’s topography, albedo, or topography and albedo combined are examined. The albedo of the ice sheet (here called a “White Plain”) causes an outgoing top of the atmosphere radiation anomaly over the ice sheet that is balanced by an incoming anomaly in the Southern Hemisphere. This causes a northward transport of heat across the equator that is carried equally by the ocean and atmosphere. The topography of the ice sheet (“Green Mountain”) causes an incoming radiation anomaly over the ice sheet that is balanced predominantly by an outgoing anomaly to the south of the ice sheet, with a smaller outgoing flux in the Southern Hemisphere. The heat is transported across the equator by the atmosphere alone. The combined topography and albedo of the ice sheet (“White Mountain”) cause an outgoing radiation anomaly over the ice sheet that is balanced equally by an incoming flux in the Southern Hemisphere and to the south of the ice sheet. Heat is transported across the equator by the ocean alone.
With varying ice sheet geometry generally linear relationships between the various energy fluxes and the varying height and area of the ice sheet are found. In both the White Plain and White Mountain cases the ocean is always a significant carrier of heat across the equator, and in the White Mountain case it is preeminent.
Quasi-Biweekly Oscillation over the South China Sea in Late Summer: Propagation Dynamics and Energetics
Authors: Wang Xu , Chen Guanghua 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The propagation dynamics and energetics of the quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBWO) over the South China Sea (SCS) in late summer [August–September (AS)] are investigated in this study. The QBWO originates from east of the Philippines and has a northwestward propagation. After arriving to the east of the SCS, the QBWO shifts to a westward migration and dominates over the SCS. The analyses of the vorticity budget suggest that the meridional wind anomaly could control the spatial migration of the vorticity anomaly through the β-effect term and further influences the movement of the convection anomaly. It implies that the meridional wind is a crucial factor to drive the propagation of the QBWO. The energetics of the QBWO is investigated to understand the maintenance of the QBWO, which indicates that the convection anomaly could affect the circulation anomaly through the energy conversions to maintain the QBWO.
Representation of Arctic Moist Intrusions in CMIP5 Models and Implications for Winter Climate Biases
Authors: Woods Cian , Caballero Rodrigo , Svensson Gunilla 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This paper examines the wintertime northward moisture flux at 70°N from 1981–2005 in 31 of the CMIP5 models compared with the ERA-Interim reanalysis product. The models’ total zonally integrated northward moisture flux is found to agree reasonably well with the reanalysis, but with large compensating regional biases. Specifically, the models systematically underpredict the moisture flux in the Atlantic sector and overpredict it in the Pacific sector. The biases are predominantly due to misrepresentation of extreme moisture flux events, which are known to exert a significant control on Arctic climate. Biases in these high-intensity fluxes are almost entirely contributed by biases in the meridional velocity, suggesting a link with biases in storm-track activity at lower latitudes. The extent to which the deficit of moisture intrusions in the Atlantic sector and excess in the Pacific sector may account for biases in the climate of the respective sectors is assessed. Biases in the frequency of moisture intrusions explain roughly 17% of surface temperature and 24% of surface downward longwave radiation biases in the Atlantic sector, and about 14% and 16% of the gradient in these respective biases between the two sectors. The predicted bias gradients, while small in amplitude, are very highly correlated with the true bias gradients in the models, suggesting that the temperature bias directly induced by misrepresented intrusion statistics may be strongly amplified by sea ice feedback.
Evaluation of CLASS Snow Simulation over Eastern Canada
Authors: Verseghy Diana , Brown Ross , Wang Libo 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS), version 3.6.1, was run offline for the period 1990–2011 over a domain centered on eastern Canada, driven by atmospheric forcing data dynamically downscaled from ERA-Interim using the Canadian Regional Climate Model. The precipitation inputs were adjusted to replicate the monthly average precipitation reported in the CRU observational database. The simulated fractional snow cover and the surface albedo were evaluated using NOAA Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System and MODIS data, and the snow water equivalent was evaluated using CMC, Global Snow Monitoring for Climate Research (GlobSnow), and Hydro-Québec products. The modeled fractional snow cover agreed well with the observational estimates. The albedo of snow-covered areas showed a bias of up to −0.15 in boreal forest regions, owing to neglect of subgrid-scale lakes in the simulation. In June, conversely, there was a positive albedo bias in the remaining snow-covered areas, likely caused by neglect of impurities in the snow. The validation of the snow water equivalent was complicated by the fact that the three observation-based datasets differed widely. Also, the downward adjustment of the forcing precipitation clearly resulted in a low snow bias in some regions. However, where the density of the observations was high, the CLASS snow model was deemed to have performed well. Sensitivity tests confirmed the satisfactory behavior of the current parameterizations of snow thermal conductivity, snow albedo refreshment threshold, and limiting snow depth and underlined the importance of snow interception by vegetation. Overall, the study demonstrated the necessity of using a wide variety of observation-based datasets for model validation.
Between patronage and good governance: Organizational arrangements in (local) public appointment processes
Authors: Sancino Alessandro , Sicilia Mariafrancesca , Grossi Giuseppe 
Published: February 2017

This article investigates whether certain organizational arrangements in (local) public appointment processes could encourage the use of appointments as a tool of good governance rather than as a tool of patronage. Specifically, we studied the role of six organizational arrangements in 10 case studies of intra- and inter-organizational public appointment processes held in Italian local government. We found that good governance (in terms of perception of overall integrity and fairness) was found in processes of public appointments where there was independent scrutiny, and when the process involved local councillors and/or external stakeholders – that is, actors beyond those with the formal power to appoint. In these cases, making appointments was seen as a tool of good governance rather than of patronage. These organizational arrangements were more relevant than other ones such as the transparency of public advertisements, job descriptions and educational/professional requirements, and media and public awareness. The article describes the relevant literature and the research study, and discusses implications for research, policy and management. Points for practitioners In terms of policy implications, the article discusses the importance of ensuring transparency and some form of checks and balances in the power of making public appointments, as well as of promoting more awareness among citizens and society in general of the issue of public appointments. From a managerial point of view, the article suggests that public managers should consider the implications of the different organizational arrangements that can be used in public appointment processes to exploit the good governance potential of public appointments.
Safety of oral and intravenous mycophenolate mofetil in healthy cats
Authors: Slovak Jennifer E , Villarino Nicolas F 
Published: February 2017

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and clinical effects of intravenous (IV) and oral mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in healthy cats. Methods A total of 24 healthy adult cats weighing >3.5 kg were either given IV MMF (over a 2 h infusion) or oral MMF. The dosages used were as follows: 5 mg/kg IV once (n = 2), 10 mg/kg q12h IV for 1 day (n = 1), 20 mg/kg q12h IV for 1 day (n = 6) and 10 mg/kg q12h IV for 3 days (n = 5). Blood was collected from each cat at intervals of up to 12 h from the last dose for analysis purposes. Oral MMF was given at 10 mg/kg q12h for 7 days (n = 3), 15 mg/kg q12h for 7 days (n = 3) and 15 mg/kg q8h for 7 days (n = 4). Results Side effects to MMF were minimal. There was no anorexia or vomiting noted in any of the cats during or after IV medication administration. Only 4/14 cats had diarrhea from 12–48 h after IV administration. There was hyporexia in 1/10 cats given oral MMF and no vomiting noted. In 5/10 cats given oral MMF, there was diarrhea between days 2 and 7 of the study. Conclusions and relevance Cats tolerate MMF at an IV dose of 10 mg/kg q12h for 3 days and an oral dose ⩽15 mg/kg q12h for up to 7 days. There seems to be a dose-dependent incidence of gastrointestinal side effects. MMF may be a useful alternative immunosuppressant to be considered for use in some cats.
Photoprotection Knowledge and Behaviours Among Organ Transplant Recipients
Authors: Walker Kirsten , Gardner Kerry , Law Angela , Hawkins Nicole , Hull Peter 
Published: February 2017

Background: Organ transplant recipients (OTRs) are at an increased risk of developing a de novo malignant neoplasm compared to the general population. The primary contributor to skin cancer in all patients is sun exposure. Objective: In this study, we aim to ascertain both OTR skin cancer awareness and photoprotection practices. Methods: A questionnaire-based study of Saskatchewan transplant recipients. Results: Nearly all respondents were aware that sun exposure is the best-known cause of skin cancer and that as an OTR, they are at increased risk of skin cancer (99.3% and 90.5%, respectively). Approximately half of respondents reported wearing a hat regularly, sun avoidance between 10 am and 3 pm, or wearing sunscreen regularly (53.7%, 33.1%, and 47.9%, respectively). Conclusion: Many OTRs are not engaging in photoprotection. Further intervention, which may include access to a dermatologist, is necessary to ensure ORTs do not experience undue morbidity and mortality secondary to skin cancer.
An Ecological Study of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, Part 2
Authors: McGrath Timothy M. , Waddington Gordon , Scarvell Jennie M. , Ball Nick , Creer Rob , Woods Kevin , Smith Damian , Adams Roger 
Published: February 2017

Background: Additional high-quality prospective studies are needed to better define the objective criteria used in relation to return-to-sport decisions after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in active populations. Purpose: To investigate prospectively the relationship between functional performance test results at 24 weeks postoperative and return-to-sport activity (Tegner activity score) at 12 and 24 months, respectively, after synthetic (ligament advanced reinforcement system [LARS]) and autograft (doubled semitendinosus/gracilis [2ST/2GR]) ACL reconstructions. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A total of 64 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction (32 LARS, 32 2ST/2GR autograft; mean age, 27.9 years; body mass index [BMI], 24.9 kg/m2) were assessed preoperatively and at staged intervals postoperatively up to 24 weeks for isokinetic testing of quadriceps and hamstring average power per repetition at 60 deg/s and 180 deg/s, a battery of hop tests, peak vertical ground-reaction force (vGRF), and time to peak vGRF (in seconds) during a step- and jump-down task onto a force platform and peak speed (m/s) using a global positioning system (GPS unit) during a running task. A cohort of 32 healthy matched participants (mean age, 26.31 years; BMI, 25.7 kg/m2) were also tested to act as reference. Pearson correlation was calculated to assess correlation of each performance measure at 24 weeks postoperative with activity outcomes (Tegner score) at 12 and 24 months. Results: The strongest correlation between physical performance tests and return-to-sport outcomes was observed with peak speed during running. Large correlations were also observed for hamstring isokinetic power and hop test for distance. Moderate correlations were observed for timed hop, peak vGRF during a jump-down task, and quadriceps isokinetic power. No statistical correlations were observed for time to peak vGRF during a step-down and jump-down task as well as peak vGRF during a step-down task. When the performance tests were pooled together, mean postoperative improvements of 24% were observed from preoperative to 24 weeks within the surgical cohort. For each performance test, preoperative level of function strongly correlated with performance levels on the same test at 24 weeks. Discussion: The results of this study indicate that clinicians might seek to prioritize these tests and the rehabilitation themes they imply when seeking to maximize postoperative ACL activity outcomes. The observed strength between pre- and postoperative performance tests and return-to-sport outcomes within this study highlights the potential value of preoperative conditioning before undergoing ACL reconstruction. Future research should examine absolute predictive criterion thresholds for functional performance-based tests and reinjury risk reduction after ACL reconstruction.
Argentobaumhauerite: name, chemistry, crystal structure, comparison with baumhauerite, and position in the Lengenbach mineralization sequence
Authors: Topa Dan , Makovicky Emil 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe crystal structure of argentobaumhauerite is reported for the first time from a sulfosalt aggregate from Lengenbach deposit, Binntal, Switzerland. The chemical formula of argentobaumhauerite, calculated in agreement with the results of structure determination is Cu0.06Ag1.20Tl0.18Pb21.46Sb0.56As32.28S72.26. The difference from the idealized baumahuerite formula, Pb12As16S36, and from the formula of Ag – , Tl- and Sb-free baumhauerite from Moosegg, Austria, Pb11.80As16.28S35.92, expresses the Ag + As and Tl + As substitution for 2Pb. Argentobaumhauerite is triclinic,a= 7.9053(10),b= 8.4680(10),c= 44.4102(53) Å, α = 84.614(2), β = 86.469(2), γ = 89.810(2)°.V(cell) = 2954.16 Å3, space group P1. Baumhauerite Pb11.80As16.28S35.92from Moosegg is triclinic,a= 7.884(4),b= 8.345(4),c= 22.811(11) Å, α = 90.069(8), β = 97.255(8), γ = 90.082(8)°,V(cell) = 1488.8(13) Å3, space group P1. Both minerals represent theN1,2= 3;4 = 3.5 member of the sartorite homologous series, with As-rich slabs separated by zigzag layers of trigonal coordination prisms of lead. In argentobaumhauerite the sequence of alternatingN= 3 andN= 4 slabs of baumhauerite is further modified by alternation of two distinct types ofN= 4 slabs, those with Pb present in the slab interior and those with the interior Pb substituted by Ag + As. The length and arrangement of crankshaft chains of short As–S bonds differs between different slabs, and especially between theN= 4 slabs of baumhauerite and argentobaumhauerite. The name 'argentobaumhauerite' replaces the preliminary name 'baumhauerite-2a' (IMA-CNMNC; accepted proposal 15-F).
Long-term outcome of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for IL2RG/JAK3 SCID: a cohort report
Authors: Abd Hamid Intan Juliana , Slatter Mary A. , McKendrick Fiona , Pearce Mark S. , Gennery Andrew R. 
Published: February 2017

Key Points
Conditioning is associated with better thymopoiesis, donor B-lymphocyte chimerism, cessation of immunoglobulin therapy, and normal QoL.
T regulatory cells and dendritic cells protect against transfusion-related acute lung injury via IL-10
Authors: Kapur Rick , Kim Michael , Aslam Rukhsana , McVey Mark J. , Tabuchi Arata , Luo Alice , Liu Jonathan , Li Yuan , Shanmugabhavananthan Shanjeevan , Speck Edwin R. , Zufferey Anne , Yousef George , Zhang Haibo , Rondina Matthew T. , Weyrich Andrew S. , Porcelijn Leendert , Kuebler Wolfgang M. , Slutsky Arthur S. , Semple John W. 
Published: February 2017

Key PointsCD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T regulatory cells and CD11c+ dendritic cells protect against antibody-mediated murine TRALI. Murine TRALI is associated with reduced IL-10 levels, and IL-10 administration prevents and rescues TRALI development.
Risk of pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis in patients with asthma: a nationwide case−control study from Sweden
Authors: Zöller Bengt , Pirouzifard Mirnabi , Memon Ashfaque A. , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina 
Published: February 2017

Asthma is associated with an increased risk of pulmonary embolism (PE) but little is known about whether asthma is associated with an increased risk of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). The aim in this study was to determine the risk of the first event of PE, DVT or a combination of PE and DVT in patients with asthma.We conducted this nationwide case–control study using data from Swedish nationwide registries. We included 114 366 Swedish-born patients with a first hospital diagnosis of PE, 76 494 patients with DVT and 6854 patients with both PE and DVT in Sweden between 1981 and 2010. We also included five age-, sex- and education-matched population controls. All previous hospital diagnoses of asthma were identified. Conditional logistic regression was used to compute odds ratios with adjustment for potential confounders.Asthma was associated with an adjusted odds ratio for PE of 1.43 (95% CI 1.37–1.50), for DVT of 1.56 (95% CI 1.47–1.65) and for combined PE and DVT of 1.60 (95% CI 1.32–1.93). Asthma was associated with an increased risk of PE, DVT and combined PE and DVT.Thus, the inflammation conferred by asthma seems to have systemic (and not just local) prothrombotic effects with increased risk of both DVT and PE.
An easy-to-build, low-budget point-of-care ultrasound simulator: from Linux to a web-based solution
Authors: Damjanovic Domagoj , Goebel Ulrich , Fischer Benedikt , Huth Martin , Breger Hartmut , Buerkle Hartmut , Schmutz Axel 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Background
Hands-on training in point-of-care ultrasound (POC-US) should ideally comprise bedside teaching, as well as simulated clinical scenarios. High-fidelity phantoms and portable ultrasound simulation systems are commercially available, however, at considerable costs. This limits their suitability for medical schools. A Linux-based software for Emergency Department Ultrasound Simulation (edus2TM) was developed by Kulyk and Olszynski in 2011. Its feasibility for POC-US education has been well-documented, and shows good acceptance. An important limitation to an even more widespread use of edus2, however, may be due to the need for a virtual machine for WINDOWS® systems. Our aim was to adapt the original software toward an HTML-based solution, thus making it affordable and applicable in any simulation setting.

Methods
We created an HTML browser-based ultrasound simulation application, which reads the input of different sensors, triggering an ultrasound video to be displayed on a respective device. RFID tags, NFC tags, and QR Codes™ have been integrated into training phantoms or were attached to standardized patients. The RFID antenna was hidden in a mock ultrasound probe. The application is independent from the respective device.

Results
Our application was used successfully with different trigger/scanner combinations and mounted readily into simulated training scenarios. The application runs independently from operating systems or electronic devices.

Conclusion
This low-cost, browser-based ultrasound simulator is easy-to-build, very adaptive, and independent from operating systems. It has the potential to facilitate POC-US training throughout the world, especially in resource-limited areas.
Trace: a high-throughput tomographic reconstruction engine for large-scale datasets
Authors: Bicer Tekin , Gürsoy Doğa , Andrade Vincent De , Kettimuthu Rajkumar , Scullin William , Carlo Francesco De , Foster Ian T. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundModern synchrotron light sources and detectors produce data at such scale and complexity that large-scale computation is required to unleash their full power. One of the widely used imaging techniques that generates data at tens of gigabytes per second is computed tomography (CT). Although CT experiments result in rapid data generation, the analysis and reconstruction of the collected data may require hours or even days of computation time with a medium-sized workstation, which hinders the scientific progress that relies on the results of analysis.MethodsWe present Trace, a data-intensive computing engine that we have developed to enable high-performance implementation of iterative tomographic reconstruction algorithms for parallel computers. Trace provides fine-grained reconstruction of tomography datasets using both (thread-level) shared memory and (process-level) distributed memory parallelization. Trace utilizes a special data structure called replicated reconstruction object to maximize application performance. We also present the optimizations that we apply to the replicated reconstruction objects and evaluate them using tomography datasets collected at the Advanced Photon Source.ResultsOur experimental evaluations show that our optimizations and parallelization techniques can provide 158× speedup using 32 compute nodes (384 cores) over a single-core configuration and decrease the end-to-end processing time of a large sinogram (with 4501 × 1 × 22,400 dimensions) from 12.5 h to <5 min per iteration.ConclusionThe proposed tomographic reconstruction engine can efficiently process large-scale tomographic data using many compute nodes and minimize reconstruction times.
Super-resolution mapping of scaffold nucleoporins in the nuclear pore complex
Authors: Ma Jiong , Kelich Joseph M. , Junod Samuel L. , Yang Weidong 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT
The nuclear pore complex (NPC), composed of ∼30 different nucleoporins (Nups), is one of the largest supramolecular structures in eukaryotic cells. Its octagonal ring scaffold perforates the nuclear envelope and features a unique molecular machinery that regulates nucleocytoplasmic transport. However, the precise copy number and the spatial location of each Nup in the native NPC remain obscure due to the inherent difficulty of counting and localizing proteins inside of the sub-micrometer supramolecular complex. Here, we combined super-resolution single-point edge-excitation subdiffraction (SPEED) microscopy and nanobody-specific labeling to reveal the spatial distribution of scaffold Nups within three separate layers in the native NPC with a precision of ∼3 nm. Our data reveal both the radial and axial spatial distributions for Pom121, Nup37 and Nup35 and provide evidence for their copy numbers of 8, 32 and 16, respectively, per NPC. This approach can help pave the path for mapping the entirety of Nups in native NPCs and also other structural components of macromolecular complexes.