bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PILOT EVALUATION OF UTILISING MENTAL HEALTH NURSES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF AMBULANCE SERVICE PATIENTS WITH MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS
Authors: Irving Andy , O'Hara Rachel , Johnson Maxine , Harris Angela , Baker Kieran 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundThe urgent and emergency care review advocates new models of care to provide safer, faster and better care. Available evidence highlights scope for improvement in the delivery of care for patients calling 999 with mental health problems. The purpose of this abstract is to describe an ongoing initiative in Yorkshire Ambulance Service utilising specialist triage by mental health nurses in the Emergency Operations Centre (EOC) since December 2014.MethodsAn exploratory mixed methods evaluation was conducted. Interviews (n=12) with key stakeholders in the ambulance service were conducted to explore their experiences of service provision for patients with mental health problems and the impact of introducing Mental Health Nurse triage in the EOC. Interview data was coded and thematically analysed to identify key issues around service delivery for patients with mental health problems. Routine data from ambulance service computer aided dispatch was used to examine impact on patient care and resource allocation.ResultsInitial findings indicate that access to mental health nurses in the EOC reduced the ambulance response rate by clinically triaging calls for patients with mental health problems and only sending a resource where appropriate. Staff interviews revealed the developmental process and challenges involved in implementing the mental health triage initiative, for example, recruitment, training and governance. Staff perceptions of the initial positive impact of the mental health nurses include the delivery of more appropriate patient care and reduced anxiety for staff managing calls that now have access to specialist support.ConclusionsDespite the relatively short time period since the inception of this initiative, the preliminary findings from this pilot evaluation suggest a positive impact on service delivery from a patient and organisational perspective. Lessons learned from the implementation of this initiative and its progression are potentially informative for other Ambulance Service Trusts considering adopting a similar approach.
MEASURING IMPACT OF INVOLVEMENT IN RESEARCH – WHAT SERVICE USERS THINK
Authors: Evans Bridie Angela , Porter Alison M , Snooks Helen A , Burholt Vanessa 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundThere is increased interest from researchers in evaluating public involvement by service users in health and social care research, with debate about feasibility of doing this. Discussion is led by researchers.ObjectiveTo describe service users' views about whether evaluating impact of public involvement in research is feasible and helpful.Method19 patients or carers were interviewed. All were members of the SUCCESS service user group supporting emergency, unscheduled and trauma research. Some had regular involvement in research studies about prehospital emergency care and chronic conditions management to reduce people's risk of using unscheduled services.ResultsService users found it difficult to identify their impact on research and questioned the value of thinking in those terms. Respondents said that involving people in research changed research because it changed structures, relationships and, consequently, affected the results. Involving patients and carers in research was seen as a radical approach because it challenged hierarchical relationships between academia and patients, gave value to experiential knowledge and placed this alongside clinical and academic knowledge. They also recognised the difficulty of attributing influence and measuring change over long research timescales when their contribution was describing experiences and opinions, neither of which were tangible or definitive. They also doubted they could recognise impact on studies without insider knowledge of research.ConclusionService users believe involvement processes are key to ensuring that patient and carer views are included when designing and undertaking research, suggesting impact on research is a consequence of effective collaborations rather than an aim in its own right. This focus on process contrasts with academic emphasis on impact and needs to be considered when discussing whether and how to measure impact.
A COMPARISON OF MANUAL AND MECHANICAL CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION ON THE MOVE USING A MANIKIN: SINGLE-PERSON AND TWO-PERSON EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICE CREWS
Authors: Blair Laura , Kendal Simon Peter , Shaw Gary Richard , Byers Sonia , Wright John 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundDelivery of good quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is essential for survival from cardiac arrest but manual CPR has its limitations, especially in the pre-hospital environment and situations which demand transportation.Our aim was to examine the effect that transporting a patient during Advanced Life Support (ALS) has on the quality of CPR being provided. In the same simulated pre-hospital scenario we directly compared manual (standard) CPR (SCPR) and mechanical CPR (MCPR), as well as comparing both against the 2010 European Resuscitation Council guidelines. The quality of CPR provided by one and two person crews was also compared.MethodsTen experienced paramedics volunteered to take part in four pre-hospital observational manikin CPR scenarios each. The mechanical CPR device chosen was the LUCASTM2. Data were captured electronically using QCPRTMwith the core values being minute-by-minute mean compression rate and depth, as well as variations within, hands off ratios and the average time to CPR commencement.ResultsA marked reduction in the rate, depth and percentage of correct compressions was noted when the paramedics started to move the patient. When compared against the 2010 ERC guidelines, SCPR was more variable than MCPR and not delivered in a way that conforms to the guidelines. MCPR was consistent and conformed to the guidelines. There was significant time required for a single paramedic to start CPR with a mechanical device.ConclusionIn the pre-hospital setting having to transport a patient during ALS can have a negative impact on the quality of CPR being provided. The quality of CPR is closer to that currently recommended when provided by a mechanical device rather than manually, but two persons would be required for rapid deployment of the device. This could suggest a potential role for pre-hospital MCPR even in the absence of recommendation for routine use.
PARAMEDIC PRACTITIONER: A SURVEY OF SCOPE OF PRACTICE AND DEVELOPMENT REQUIREMENTS
Authors: Colver Keith , Fitzpatrick David , Cooper Matthew , Ward Jim 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundThe Scottish Ambulance Service introduced paramedic practitioners in 2004 to reduce unnecessary hospital admissions. Development of the role has varied across the UK but little is known about this professional group within Scotland.AimsTo describe paramedic practitioners views on their scope of practice and identify areas for improvement.MethodsAn online cross-sectional questionnaire was undertaken during July–August 2015. Participants: current staff identified as having completed paramedic practitioner training (N=64). Quantitative data are reported using descriptive statistics and qualitative data analysed using framework analysis.ResultsForty two per cent (n=27) completed the survey, of which 52% (n=14) were active practitioners. Average length of service was 19.52 years (range: 3–24 years) including 4.66 years (range: 0.83–11) within a practitioner role. Variation was reported on funding sources and educational levels (stand-alone level 9 modules to MSc). Current practice settings were described as urban (57% [n=8]), semi-rural (29% [n=4]) and rural (14% [n=2]) involving 999 response, Minor Injuries Clinics, Out of Hours and GP practices.Adult, paediatric and care of the elderly were the most common areas of practice (73%). The remaining areas consisted of: critical, palliative, mental health and other (27%). Most used skills were described as: advanced clinical assessment and medicines; least used: catheterisation, minor ailments/injuries. Skills reported as missing or requiring development were: paediatrics, palliative care and mental health. Mean ‘comfort in practice’ was rated as 4.23 on a 7 point-scale (‘comfortable’ [1] -‘very comfortable’ [7]).Difficulties were reported in call-allocation and utilisation. Variation across practice settings caused difficulties with: record-keeping, inconsistent referral processes, guideline use, peer review and CPD. These created governance and role development challenges.ConclusionPractice is inconsistent, reflecting variations in development processes and practice areas. Practitioners are comfortable in their role and would value standardisation in clinical practice guidelines, education and governance.
DATA LINKAGE ACROSS AMBULANCE SERVICES AND ACUTE TRUSTS: ASSESSING THE POTENTIAL FOR IMPROVING PATIENT CARE
Authors: Clark Sophie , Porter Alison , Halter Mary , Damiani Mike , Dorning Holly , McTigue Martin 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundCurrently, most callers to 999 ambulance services are transported to the hospital emergency department (ED). However, ambulance services receive no further information on those patients, and commissioners do not have the full picture of patient care. The London Ambulance Service have worked with one acute trust to establish the feasibility of data linkage, but questions remain about transferability of the model, and how learning from linked data can bring about changes in patient care and outcomes.MethodsPHED Data is our two-year mixed-methods observational study which began in May 2015. We aim to establish the potential for routinely linking data from acute trusts and ambulance services, to allow diagnosis, health care intervention, and mortality outcomes to be tracked, with a range of potential benefits for patient care within ambulance services and across the healthcare economy.We will work with six acute trusts from across London, selected to give a range of performance. The study has six work packages: WP1 examines the technical aspects of the linkage process; WP2-5 each analyse the data to develop one themed indicator set, with qualitative work examining their perceived relevance and viability; WP6 examines how the indicator sets might influence commissioning decisions and service improvements.ResultsSo far, we have engaged with six selected acute trusts; all have shown strong interest in collaborating. We are currently arranging the logistical aspects of data sharing. We aim to respond to trusts' particular interests in our analyses, in addition to developing our common indicator set.ConclusionsThe proposed work has the potential to bring about quality improvements to current systems and support the development of new pathways and protocols for pre-hospital interventions. Benefits will be felt across the healthcare system. Our findings will be relevant to health service providers across the UK, who all face similar challenges in pre-hospital care.
The anaesthetic management of a lemur (Prolemur simus) undergoing craniotomy for brain tumour resection
Authors: Portier Karine , Viguier Eric , Quintard Benoit 
Published: August 2016

A nine‐year‐old greater bamboo lemur (Prolemur simus) was presented for the resection of a 3×2 cm occipital brain tumour. Intracranial surgery has not been previously reported in lemurs. Pain management, maintenance of an adequate perfusion pressure in the CNS, maintenance of autoregulation, provision of neuroprotection and prevention of the complications induced by the surgical technique (positioning, haemorrhage, seizures, etc) are the challenges associated to this surgery in domestic animals. The management of anaesthesia for such a condition in a wild animal is even more challenging. This report illustrates how difficult the management of anaesthesia is in a wild animal undergoing a procedure that requires intensive care and restraint, while published information on anaesthesia and critical care in this species is limited.
Computation of the difference-differential Galois group and differential relations among solutions for a second-order linear difference equation
Authors: Arreche Carlos E. 
Published: August 2016

We apply the difference-differential Galois theory developed by Hardouin and Singer to compute the differential-algebraic relations among the solutions to a second-order homogeneous linear difference equation [Formula: see text] where the coefficients [Formula: see text] are rational functions in [Formula: see text] with coefficients in [Formula: see text]. We develop algorithms to compute the difference-differential Galois group associated to such an equation, and show how to deduce the differential-algebraic relations among the solutions from the defining equations of the Galois group.
Open system quantum evolution and the assumption of complete positivity (A Tutorial)
Authors: Byrd Mark , Ceballos Russell , Chitambar Eric 
Published: August 2016

Quantum systems which interact with an unknown environment cannot be described in terms of a unitary evolution on the system alone. For such evolution one can use a map from one density operator to another and use any other known information to model the system. Such maps are required to be positive (at least on their domain) — they take positive density operators to positive density operators — so as to be physically reasonable. A map [Formula: see text] which is positive but not completely positive (CP) is one which takes positive operators to positive operators, but when extended by the identity [Formula: see text], i.e. [Formula: see text] does not give a positive map for some [Formula: see text]. The map is CP if and only if the extension is positive for all [Formula: see text]. Recently some effort has been put forth to try to understand if, and/or, under what circumstances one might utilize a non-CP map. Here, after a tutorial-type introduction to maps from one density operator to another, some examples which do not fit the standard prescription (SP) for deriving a CP map are given. In cases where the physical system is constrained by some knowledge of the interaction, it is possible that the SP cannot be used directly. Our example is robust to changes in the initial and final conditions.
Impact of Serum Antibodies to HPV Serotypes 6, 11, 16, and 18 to Risks of Subsequent Genital HPV Infections in Men: The HIM Study
Authors: Pamnani Shitaldas J. , Sudenga Staci L. , Viscidi Raphael , Rollison Dana E. , Torres B. Nelson , Ingles Donna J. , Abrahamsen Martha , Villa Luisa L. , Lazcano-Ponce Eduardo , Salmeron Jorge , Quiterio Manuel , Huang Yangxin , Borenstein Amy , Giuliano Anna R. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Naturally induced serum antibodies against human papillomavirus (HPV) may affect risks of subsequent incident genital infections by HPV 6, 11, 16, or 18 in men. In this study, we examined the hypothesis by following 4,123 healthy men every 6 months (median follow-up time, 4.1 years). HPV antibodies were measured at baseline using a virus-like particle-based ELISA assay. Genital HPV genotypes were detected using Roche Linear Array. Incidence proportions and 6-month persistence proportions were calculated at 6-month intervals. Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox models were used to assess genotype-specific cumulative incidence and HRs, respectively. HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18 seroprevalence was 8.1%, 13.9%, 12.7%, and 10.8%, respectively. Significantly higher rates of incident infections were observed for HPV 16 among baseline-seropositive men [adjusted HR, 1.37; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01–1.86], with similar but nonsignificant HRs for 6-month persistent infections. Risk of persistent HPV 18 infection was significantly lower among seropositive men in the unadjusted model (HR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.06–0.91), but not in the adjusted model (HR, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.03–1.37). Incident and 6-month persistent infections for HPV 6 and 11 did not differ by baseline serostatus. Baseline serostatus among men was not associated with a reduction in subsequent incident genital HPV 6, 11, and 16 infections. However, protection against persistent HPV18 infections was observed in unadjusted models. Our research suggests a need of further studies to examine the potentially protective effects of naturally induced HPV18 antibodies in men. Cancer Res; 76(20); 6066–75. ©2016 AACR.
Bazedoxifene as a Novel GP130 Inhibitor for Pancreatic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Wu Xiaojuan , Cao Yang , Xiao Hui , Li Chenglong , Lin Jiayuh 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The IL6/GP130/STAT3 pathway is crucial for tumorigenesis in multiple cancer types, including pancreatic cancer, and presents as a viable target for cancer therapy. We reported Bazedoxifene, which is approved as a selective estrogen modulator by FDA, as a novel inhibitor of IL6/GP130 protein–protein interactions using multiple ligand simultaneous docking and drug repositioning approaches. STAT3 is one of the major downstream effectors of IL6/GP130. Here, we observed Bazedoxifene inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation and STAT3 DNA binding, induced apoptosis, and suppressed tumor growth in pancreatic cancer cells with persistent IL6/GP130/STAT3 signaling in vitro and in vivo. In addition, IL6, but not INFγ, rescued Bazedoxifene-mediated reduction of cell viability. Bazedoxifene also inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation induced by IL6 and IL11, but not by OSM or STAT1 phosphorylation induced by INFγ in pancreatic cancer cells, suggesting that Bazedoxifene inhibits the GP130/STAT3 pathway mediated by IL6 and IL11. Furthermore, Bazedoxifene combined with paclitaxel or gemcitabine synergistically inhibited cell viability and cell migration in pancreatic cancer cells. These results indicate that Bazedoxifene is a potential agent and can generate synergism when combined with conventional chemotherapy in human pancreatic cancer cells and tumor xenograft in mice. Therefore, our results support that Bazedoxifene as a novel inhibitor of GP130 signaling and may be a potential and safe therapeutic agent for human pancreatic cancer therapy. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(11); 2609–19. ©2016 AACR.
Regulation of HIF1α under Hypoxia by APE1/Ref-1 Impacts CA9 Expression: Dual Targeting in Patient-Derived 3D Pancreatic Cancer Models
Authors: Logsdon Derek P. , Grimard Michelle , Luo Meihua , Shahda Safi , Jiang Yanlin , Tong Yan , Yu Zhangsheng , Zyromski Nicholas , Schipani Ernestina , Carta Fabrizio , Supuran Claudiu T. , Korc Murray , Ivan Mircea , Kelley Mark R. , Fishel Melissa L. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States. Aggressive treatment regimens have not changed the disease course, and the median survival has just recently reached a year. Several mechanisms are proposed to play a role in PDAC therapeutic resistance, including hypoxia, which creates a more aggressive phenotype with increased metastatic potential and impaired therapeutic efficacy. AP Endonuclease-1/Redox Effector Factor 1 (APE1/Ref-1) is a multifunctional protein possessing a DNA repair function in base excision repair and the ability to reduce oxidized transcription factors, enabling them to bind to their DNA target sequences. APE1/Ref-1 regulates several transcription factors involved in survival mechanisms, tumor growth, and hypoxia signaling. Here, we explore the mechanisms underlying PDAC cell responses to hypoxia and modulation of APE1/Ref-1 redox signaling activity, which regulates the transcriptional activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α). Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9) is regulated by HIF1α and functions as a part of the cellular response to hypoxia to regulate intracellular pH, thereby promoting cell survival. We hypothesized that modulating APE1/Ref-1 function will block activation of downstream transcription factors, STAT3 and HIF1α, interfering with the hypoxia-induced gene expression. We demonstrate APE1/Ref-1 inhibition in patient-derived and established PDAC cells results in decreased HIF1α–mediated induction of CA9. Furthermore, an ex vivo three-dimensional tumor coculture model demonstrates dramatic enhancement of APE1/Ref-1–induced cell killing upon dual targeting of APE1/Ref-1 and CA9. Both APE1/Ref-1 and CA9 are under clinical development; therefore, these studies have the potential to direct novel PDAC therapeutic treatment. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(11); 2722–32. ©2016 AACR.
E7090, a Novel Selective Inhibitor of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors, Displays Potent Antitumor Activity and Prolongs Survival in Preclinical Models
Authors: Watanabe Miyano Saori , Yamamoto Yuji , Kodama Kotaro , Miyajima Yukiko , Mikamoto Masaki , Nakagawa Takayuki , Kuramochi Hiroko , Funasaka Setsuo , Nagao Satoshi , Sugi Naoko Hata , Okamoto Kiyoshi , Minoshima Yukinori , Nakatani Yusuke , Karoji Yuki , Ohashi Isao , Yamane Yoshinobu , Okada Toshimi , Matsushima Tomohiro , Matsui Junji , Iwata Masao , Uenaka Toshimitsu , Tsuruoka Akihiko 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The FGFR signaling pathway has a crucial role in proliferation, survival, and migration of cancer cells, tumor angiogenesis, and drug resistance. FGFR genetic abnormalities, such as gene fusion, mutation, and amplification, have been implicated in several types of cancer. Therefore, FGFRs are considered potential targets for cancer therapy. E7090 is an orally available and selective inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activities of FGFR1, -2, and -3. In kinetic analyses of the interaction between E7090 and FGFR1 tyrosine kinase, E7090 associated more rapidly with FGFR1 than did the type II FGFR1 inhibitor ponatinib, and E7090 dissociated more slowly from FGFR1, with a relatively longer residence time, than did the type I FGFR1 inhibitor AZD4547, suggesting that its kinetics are more similar to the type V inhibitors, such as lenvatinib. E7090 showed selective antiproliferative activity against cancer cell lines harboring FGFR genetic abnormalities and decreased tumor size in a mouse xenograft model using cell lines with dysregulated FGFR. Furthermore, E7090 administration significantly prolonged the survival of mice with metastasized tumors in the lung. Our results suggest that E7090 is a promising candidate as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of tumors harboring FGFR genetic abnormalities. It is currently being investigated in a phase I clinical trial. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(11); 2630–9. ©2016 AACR.