bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical Microanatomy of the Posterior Condylar Emissary Vein and its Anatomical Variations for the Transcondylar Fossa Approach
Authors: Ota Nakao , Tanikawa Rokuya , Yoshikane Tsutomu , Miyama Masataka , Miyazaki Takanori , Kinoshita Yu , Matsukawa Hidetoshi , Yanagisawa Takeshi , Sakakibara Fumihiro , Suzuki Go , Saito Norihiro , Miyata Shiro , Noda Kosumo , Tsuboi Toshiyuki , Takeda Rihei , Kamiyama Hiroyasu , Tokuda Sadahisa , Kamada Kyousuke 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND: It is essential to identify and be aware of the anatomy of the posterior condylar emissary vein (PCEV) for achieving an adequate operative field for the transcondylar fossa approach (TCFA).

OBJECTIVE: To describe the variations in the drainage patterns of PCEVs and the technical issues encountered in such cases.

METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of the anatomy of PCEVs in 104 sides in 52 cases treated by the TCFA. Preoperative findings of multidetector-row computed tomography (CT) and CT venography (CTV) were compared with the intraoperative findings. The drainage patterns were classified as 5 types: the sigmoid sinus (SS), jugular bulb (JB), occipital sinus (OS), anterior condylar emissary vein (ACEV), and marginal sinus (MS).

RESULTS: The SS, JB, ACEV, and OS types were observed in 33 (31.7%), 42 (40.3%), 8 (7.7%), and 1 (1.0%) side(s), respectively. One side (1.0%) each had combined drainage from MS and JB, and ACEV and JB, respectively. In 17 sides (16.3%), the PCEVs and posterior condylar canals could not be identified on CT and CTV.

CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative CT and CTV findings correlated well with the intraoperative findings. To make a sufficient operative field for TCFA, PCEVs should be appropriately dealt with based on the preoperative knowledge of their running course, pattern, and origin.
Predicting receptor functionality of signaling lymphocyte activation molecule for measles virus hemagglutinin by docking simulation
Authors: Suzuki Yoshiyuki 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTPredicting susceptibility of various species to a virus assists assessment of risk of interspecies transmission. Evaluation of receptor functionality may be useful in screening for susceptibility. In this study, docking simulation was conducted for measles virus hemagglutinin (MV‐H) and immunoglobulin‐like variable domain of signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM‐V). It was observed that the docking scores for MV‐H and SLAM‐V correlated with the activity of SLAM as an MV receptor. These results suggest that the receptor functionality may be predicted from the docking scores of virion surface proteins and cellular receptor molecules.
Microbial community function in the bleaching disease of the marine macroalgae Delisea pulchra
Authors: Zozaya‐Valdés Enrique , Roth‐Schulze Alexandra J. , Egan Suhelen , Thomas Torsten 
Published: April 2017

SummaryDisease is increasingly viewed as a major factor impacting the health of both natural and cultured populations of marine organisms, including macroalgae. The red macroalga Delisea pulchra suffers from a bleaching disease resulting from host stress and infection by opportunistic bacterial pathogens. However, how pathogens cause the disease and how the entire macro algal‐associated community is involved in the process is unclear. Here, we perform a metagenomic analysis of microbial communities associated with diseased and healthy D. pulchra across multiple bleaching events. Analysis of reconstructed 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that bacteria belonging to the families Rhodobacteraceae, Saprospiraceae and Flavobacteriaceae, including bacteria previously implicated in algal bleaching, to be enriched in diseased D. pulchra. Genes with predicted functions related to chemotaxis, motility, oxidative stress response, vitamin biosynthesis and nutrient acquisition were also prevalent in microbiomes of bleached algae, which may have a role in pathogenicity. Reconstruction of genomes that were abundant on bleached samples revealed that no single organism contains all bleaching‐enriched functional genes. This observation indicates that potential virulence traits are distributed across multiple bacteria and that the disease in D. pulchra may result from a consortium of opportunistic pathogens, analogous to dysbiotic or polymicrobial diseases.
Traditional processing, composition, microbial quality and sensory characteristics of Eshabwe (ghee sauce)
Authors: Mukisa Ivan Muzira , Kiwanuka Bernard Junior 
Published: April 2017

Eshabwe is a traditional Ugandan condiment produced from butter or ghee. The traditional formula, proximate composition, microbial quality and sensory characteristics of Eshabwe have previously not been reported. The purpose of this study was to describe the processing and to determine the sensory characteristics, proximate composition and microbial quality of Eshabwe. Ten commercial processors of Eshabwe were interviewed. Samples of Eshabwe obtained from processors were analysed for proximate composition and microbial quality. A lexicon for the sensory attributes of Eshabwe was developed using quantitative descriptive analysis. Eshabwe is prepared by whipping butter or ghee (1 kg) with boiled water (560 ± 0.13 mL), rock salt (37.8 ± 0.13 g) and sodium chloride (5.6 ± 0.09 g). Eshabwe has a shelf life of 3–5 days at room temperature, 3 months under refrigeration and over 6 months under frozen storage. Eshabwe contains 43.10 ± 0.15% dry matter, 1.99 ± 0.13% ash, 0.49 ± 0.02% crude protein, 32.87 ± 0.93% fat and 3.93 ± 0.05 Kcal/g. The total aerobic counts (6.56 ± 0.03 log cfu/mL), yeasts and moulds (2.26 ± 0.02 log cfu/mL) and coliforms (3.16 × 103 MPN/mL) were in excess of microbial specifications. A lexicon of 15 descriptors for the sensory attributes of Eshabwe was developed. Eshabwe processing should be standardised to ensure consistent quality and consumer safety.
Posterior ankle labral changes at MRI: A preliminary study
Authors: Khan Nasir , Sahota Navdeep , Shepel Michael L , Obaid Haron 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe transverse ligament in the ankle joint has been described as a labrum‐like structure in a previous cadaveric study. The purpose of this study is to assess the spectrum of abnormal changes related to this structure on imaging/MRI, and correlate these findings with other ankle joint findings and patient symptoms.MethodA retrospective observational review of 172 ankle MRI scans was carried out independently by two fellowship trained musculoskeletal Radiologists. Correlation between abnormal labral changes, other ankle joint findings and patient symptomatology was performed.ResultsAbnormal labral changes were seen in 26% of the MRI scans (n = 44/172) and included signal change, contour abnormality with heterogeneous signal change, linear fluid filled clefts, multidirectional fluid filled clefts, and a macerated labrum. There was a statistically significant association between abnormal labral changes and the presence of Stieda process/os trigonum (P = 0.001), talocrural joint osteoarthritis (P = 0.0003), paralabral cysts (P = 0.0001), imaging features of posterior impingement (P = 0.01), and both medial (P = 0.005) and lateral (P = 0.01) ankle ligament injuries. However, there was no statistically significant association between abnormal labral changes and patient symptoms.ConclusionThe posterior ankle labrum can develop a spectrum of abnormal MRI appearances in patients with other ankle joint abnormalities. Although this study showed no correlation between patients’ symptoms and posterior ankle labral changes, larger studies are needed to examine the biomechanical alterations that may arise from these labral changes.
Establishment of an inferior vena cava filter database and interventional radiology led follow‐up – retrieval rates and patients lost to follow‐up
Authors: Klinken Sven , Humphries Charlotte , Ferguson John 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntroductionTo evaluate the rates of inferior vena cava (IVC) filter retrieval and the number of patient's lost to follow‐up, before and after the establishment of an IVC filter database and interventional radiology (inserting physician) led follow‐up.MethodsOn the 1st of June 2012, an electronic interventional radiology database was established at our Institution. In addition, the interventional radiology team took responsibility for follow‐up of IVC filters. Data were prospectively collected from the database for all patients who had an IVC filter inserted between the 1st June 2012 and the 31st May 2014. Data on patients who had an IVC filter inserted between the 1st of June 2009 to the 31st of May 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient demographics, insertion indications, filter types, retrieval status, documented retrieval decisions, time in situ, trackable events and complications were obtained in the pre‐database (n = 136) and post‐database (n = 118) cohorts.ResultsAttempted IVC filter retrieval rates were improved from 52.9% to 72.9% (P = 0.001) following the establishment of the database. The number of patients with no documented decision (lost to follow‐up) regarding their IVC filter reduced from 31 of 136 (23%) to 0 of 118 patients (P = < 0.001). There was a non‐significant reduction in IVC filter dwell time in the post‐database group (113 as compared to 137 days, P = 0.129).ConclusionFollowing the establishment of an IVC filter database and interventional radiology led follow‐up, we demonstrate a significant improvement in the attempted retrieval rates of IVC filters and the number of patient's lost to follow‐up.
The effects of local cold application on fibromyalgia pain
Authors: Yilmaz Naside , Kiyak Emine 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimThis study was conducted to evaluate the effects of local cold application on pain when applied to the trapezius muscles of patients with fibromyalgia.MethodA one‐group, pre‐test/post‐test, pre‐experimental model was applied in this study, which was conducted with 55 fibromyalgia patients who presented to a rheumatology outpatient clinic. A 10‐min cold application was administered to one trapezius muscle of each patient. The participants’ pain was evaluated, in total, four times (before the cold application and 10 min, 1.5 h and 24 h after the cold application). The visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain was used to collect data for the study, and Friedman and Wilcoxon tests were used to assess the data.ResultsThe patients’ pain mean score before (6.45, SD:1.27) the cold applications was found to be significantly higher than the scores noted 10 min (2.75, SD:1.73), 1.5 h (2.45, SD:1.29), and 24 h (3.36, SD:1.30) after the application (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe study found that local cold applications performed on the trapezius muscles of patients with fibromyalgia significantly decreased their pain. With its discovery of a new method of pain control in fibromyalgia patients, this study will significantly contribute to science and will serve as a guide for pain management, especially in nursing practice. Further studies to evaluate the maximum effect duration and effect mechanisms of local cold applications to the trapezius muscles of FM patients are indicated.
Nicotine‐induced molecular alterations are modulated by GABAB receptor activity
Authors: Varani Andres P. , Pedrón Valeria T. , Aon Amira J. , Höcht Christian , Acosta Gabriela B. , Bettler Bernhard , Balerio Graciela N. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIt has been demonstrated that GABAB receptors modulate nicotine (NIC) reward effect; nevertheless, the mechanism implicated is not well known. In this regard, we evaluated the involvement of GABAB receptors on the behavioral, neurochemical, biochemical and molecular alterations associated with the rewarding effects induced by NIC in mice, from a pharmacological and genetic approach. NIC‐induced rewarding properties (0.5 mg/kg, subcutaneously, sc) were evaluated by conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. CPP has three phases: preconditioning, conditioning and postconditioning. GABAB receptor antagonist 2‐hydroxysaclofen (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg; intraperitoneally, ip) or the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen (3 mg/kg; ip) was injected before NIC during the conditioning phase. GABAB1 knockout (GABAB1KO) mice received NIC during the conditioning phase. Vehicle and wild‐type controls were employed. Neurochemical (dopamine, serotonin and their metabolites), biochemical (nicotinic receptor α4β2, α4β2nAChRs) and molecular (c‐Fos) alterations induced by NIC were analyzed after the postconditioning phase by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), receptor‐ligand binding assays and immunohistochemistry, respectively, in nucleus accumbens (Acb), prefrontal cortex (PFC) and ventral tegmental area (VTA). NIC induced rewarding effects in the CPP paradigm and increased dopamine levels in Acb and PFC, α4β2nAChRs density in VTA and c‐Fos expression in Acb shell (AcbSh), VTA and PFC. We showed that behavioral, neurochemical, biochemical and molecular alterations induced by NIC were prevented by baclofen. However, in 2‐hydroxysaclofen pretreated and GABAB1KO mice, these alterations were potentiated, suggesting that GABAB receptor activity is necessary to control alterations induced by NIC‐induced rewarding effects. Therefore, the present findings provided important contributions to the mechanisms implicated in NIC‐induced rewarding effects.
Excessive heat‐associated gingival necrosis: a case report
Authors: Barnes PL , Rossi‐Fedele G 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHeat‐delivery devices have been associated with relatively high temperatures. Previous basic research studies suggest that the risk for periodontal tissues is negligible, as the presence of the root filling materials, amongst other factors, reduce the risk of overheating. This report describes the case of a 45 year old male, who was undergoing restorative treatment in a multi‐specialty dental practice. As part of his overall treatment planning, orthograde root canal retreatment for his maxillary left incisor teeth was deemed necessary, due to chronic apical periodontitis. Following cold lateral compaction, the coronal portion of the core material was severed using a System B Heat Source (Kerr Dental, Orange, CA, USA), with the patient reporting pain as well as a burning sensation. The following day the patient was seen by a periodontist and gingival necrosis in relation to the central incisor was found. The most likely cause of the complication was considered to be excessive heat during the operative procedure. The patient was followed up for a 2‐year period and the soft tissues returned to their original condition without the need for periodontal treatment.
How can we restrict the sale of sports and energy drinks to children? A proposal for a World Health Organization‐sponsored framework convention to restrict the sale of sports and energy drinks
Authors: Jean G 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHigh‐sugar drinks, including fruit drinks, soft drinks, sports drinks and energy drinks, are of no nutritional value and contribute to the burden of dental disease in all age groups. The manufacturers of sports and energy drinks have elected to target children in their marketing campaigns and promote a misleading association between their products, healthy lifestyles and sporting prowess. The World Health Organization (WHO) has acknowledged that strategies aimed at prevention of dental disease are the only economically viable options for managing the oral health of children in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Developed nations will also be advantaged by preventive programmes given that the cost of providing dental care to those who cannot pay draws valuable resources away from more pressing health issues. The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) obligates governments to develop legislation to protect the health of children. A framework convention modelled on the existing Framework Convention for Tobacco Control, supported by the WHO, would assist governments to proactively legislate to restrict the sale of sports and energy drinks to children. This article will consider how a framework convention would be an advantage with reference to the strategies used by sports and energy drink manufacturers in Australia.
Environmental influences on the bioluminescence display of the glow‐worm, Arachnocampa flava (Diptera: Keroplatidae)
Authors: Merritt David J , Patterson Rachell 
Published: April 2017

AbstractGlow‐worms are the larvae of fungus gnats that use bioluminescence to lure night‐flying insects to their webs. They are found in still, humid environments such as rainforest gullies, the vicinity of waterfalls or inside caves. Arachnocampa flava is endemic to south‐east Queensland where it is the focus of night‐time tourism at a number of subtropical rainforest locations. For management of tourist populations as well as understanding the natural dynamics of the bioluminescence display, previous studies of A. flava used photographic imaging or quadrat‐based counts to assess the number of larvae glowing. Here, time‐lapse digital photography with an SLR camera is employed in a rainforest gully to image a glow‐worm colony at 10 min intervals. Recordings took place between April and December of 2010. Blocks of continuous recording lasted 13–35 continuous days. This sampling frequency revealed the nightly bioluminescence intensity profile and the influence of some environmental conditions. On nights without rainfall, larvae initiated glowing soon after dusk, rapidly rose to a peak intensity and then progressively decreased their intensity through to dawn when they douse in response to approaching dawn. Bioluminescence output increased substantially on nights when rainfall was recorded. Use of a tipping‐bucket rain gauge at the site showed that larvae increased their intensity and the number glowing increased immediately when rain began falling. Moonlight around the time of a full moon inhibited larval bioluminescence output. The time‐lapse photographic method proved to be a useful monitoring tool that has revealed correlations between climate and season and the intensity of the glow‐worm display.
Characteristics and outcomes of ALK+ non‐small cell lung cancer patients in Korea
Authors: Lim Sung Hee , Yoh Kyung Ah , Lee Jong Seok , Ahn Myung‐ju , Kim Yu Jung , Kim Se Hyun , Zhang Jie , Patel Dony , Swallow Elyse , Kageleiry Andrew , Galebach Philip , Lee Dongyeol , Stein Karen , Degun Ravi , Park Keunchil 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimThis study aimed to describe characteristics, treatment patterns and survival among Korean patients diagnosed with locally advanced or metastatic anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)+ non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsA retrospective patient chart review was conducted in major cancer centers in Korea in 2014–2015. Participating physicians reviewed patient charts and reported characteristics, treatment patterns, clinician‐defined progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of ALK+ locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC patients. PFS and OS were estimated using Kaplan–Meier analysis.ResultsPhysicians reported on 55 ALK+ NSCLC patients. Median age at locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC diagnosis was 60 years. Most patients (82%) received initial chemotherapy; 13% received an ALK inhibitor in the first line; 62% received an ALK inhibitor by the end of follow‐up. Of the 30 patients who received crizotinib, 83% discontinued and 13% died during crizotinib therapy. Median PFS on crizotinib was 6.7 months. Of those who discontinued, 32% switched to chemotherapy, 16% switched to a different ALK inhibitor and 52% received no further therapy. After discontinuing crizotinib, median OS was 6.0 months overall, and 3.4 months among patients who did not receive a second‐generation ALK inhibitor.ConclusionIn this study of locally advanced or metastatic ALK+ NSCLC patients in Korea, roughly one‐third did not receive an ALK inhibitor. Among patients who discontinued crizotinib, over half received no further antineoplastic therapy and OS was poor, particularly among patients without second‐generation ALK inhibitor use. These findings suggest a need for greater access to effective treatments following crizotinib discontinuation for ALK+ NSCLC patients in Korea.
Feasibility and utility of portable ultrasound during retrieval of sick preterm infants
Authors: Browning Carmo Kathryn , Lutz Tracey , Greenhalgh Mark , Berry Andrew , Kluckow Martin , Evans Nick 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimDocument the incidence of haemodynamic pathology in critically ill preterm newborns requiring transport.MethodA transport neonatologist performed cardiac and cerebral ultrasound before and after transportation of infants born ≤30 weeks gestation.ResultsForty‐four newborns were studied in 2008–2015; of them, 21 were transported by road, 19, by helicopter and four, by fixed wing: median birthweight, 1130 g (680–1960 g) and median gestation, 27 weeks (23–30); 30 of 44 were male babies. Antenatal steroid course was complete in two babies. Ultrasound in the referring hospital was at a mean of two hours: 47 minutes (00:15–7:00) of age. Low systemic blood flow was common: 50% had right ventricular output <150mL/kg/min and 23%, a superior vena cava flow <50mL/kg/min. at stabilisation. Cranial US: 10 Grade I IVH, 2 Grade II IVH, 1 Grade IV IVH and 32 normal scans pretransport. After transport, three further Grade I IVH were reported. Mortality was higher in the babies with low systemic blood flow: 4 of 12 (33%) died vs 1 of 31 (6%) in the normal flow group (OR = 7.2, 95% CI: 1.1 to 47, p = 0.022).ConclusionPoint‐of‐care ultrasound during the retrieval of preterm infants confirms a high incidence of haemodynamic pathology. The use of ultrasound during transport may provide an opportunity for earlier targeted circulatory support.
Assisted Dying & Disability
Authors: Riddle Christopher A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis article explores at least two dominant critiques of assisted dying from a disability rights perspective. In spite of these critiques, I conclude that assisted dying ought to be permissible. I arrive at the conclusion that if we respect and value people with disabilities, we ought to permit assisted dying. I do so in the following manner. First, I examine recent changes in legislation that have occurred since the Royal Society of Canada Expert Panel on End‐of‐Life Decision‐Making report, published in this journal. I suggest that these changes are likely to only strengthen opposition to assisted dying from disability rights activists and people with disabilities. Second, I focus on respect for people with disabilities and in particular, respect for their autonomy and decision‐making abilities. Third, I explore the opposition to assisted dying that focuses on risk and the vulnerability of people with disabilities. Here I suggest that this risk ought not to be of special concern. Ultimately, I conclude that upholding respect for the disabled requires the legalization of assisted dying, rather than the denial of access in a misguided effort to protect people with disabilities.