bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Exposure and Assessment of Diversity, Abundance of Insects in Cabbage Crop Using Yellow Sticky Traps
Authors: T. Chethan, , N. Sumithramma, , B R Archana , A. R.V. Kumar, , Mulimani Vidya , R Manjunatha, , C.N. Lakshminarayana Reddy, 
Published: September 2024

Cabbage is a leafy vegetable cultivated worldwide for its dense heads. Many insects affecting cabbage and posing challenges to cultivation. Yellow sticky traps are adhesive sheets used to attract and capture flying insects and help to monitor and manage infestations in gardens and greenhouses. The study aims at providing insights on effectiveness of use of yellow sticky traps in cabbage ecosystem. An experiment was conducted in a cabbage field using sticky traps (22 cm X 11 cm) over a 12-days period at Avathi village, Devanahalli Taluk, Karnataka, India. A set of 60 traps were installed randomly in the field when the crop was at 60 days old. Five traps were sampled daily and examined microscopically and the number of insects trapped were recorded over the 12-day study period. The number of insects caught showed an increasing trend from day 1 to day 7 and almost reached saturation by day 10. Similarly, the number of insects added to the trap decreased from 8 to 12 days after installation. These trends suggest that the 22 cm X 11 cm size sticky traps get saturated by the 10th day resulting in steadily reducing catches with further sampling. On the 10th day of exposure, the cumulative number of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) was maximum. The diversity indices were also found to be maximum on the 10th day. Marginal additions of insects by numbers and OTUs after a 10-days period suggest that sticky traps of the given size are ideal for sampling insects only up to 10 days after installation in the cabbage system. Further, on the same logic, from the point of view of pest reduction, continuous exposure of sticky traps for the whole cropping period, as is currently being practiced by the farmers, is not a wise practice.
Evolution of the stable carbon isotope composition of atmospheric CO2 over the last glacial cycle
Authors: Eggleston S. , Schmitt J. , Bereiter B. , Schneider R. , Fischer H. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe present new δ13C measurements of atmospheric CO2 covering the last glacial/interglacial cycle, complementing previous records covering Terminations I and II. Most prominent in the new record is a significant depletion in δ13C(atm) of 0.5‰ occurring during marine isotope stage (MIS) 4, followed by an enrichment of the same magnitude at the beginning of MIS 3. Such a significant excursion in the record is otherwise only observed at glacial terminations, suggesting that similar processes were at play, such as changing sea surface temperatures, changes in marine biological export in the Southern Ocean (SO) due to variations in aeolian iron fluxes, changes in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, upwelling of deep water in the SO, and long‐term trends in terrestrial carbon storage. Based on previous modeling studies, we propose constraints on some of these processes during specific time intervals. The decrease in δ13C(atm) at the end of MIS 4 starting approximately 64 kyr B.P. was accompanied by increasing [CO2]. This period is also marked by a decrease in aeolian iron flux to the SO, followed by an increase in SO upwelling during Heinrich event 6, indicating that it is likely that a large amount of δ13C‐depleted carbon was transferred to the deep oceans previously, i.e., at the onset of MIS 4. Apart from the upwelling event at the end of MIS 4 (and potentially smaller events during Heinrich events in MIS 3), upwelling of deep water in the SO remained reduced until the last glacial termination, whereupon a second pulse of isotopically light carbon was released into the atmosphere.
Ensemble simulations of the magnetic field induced by global ocean circulation: Estimating the uncertainty
Authors: Irrgang Christopher , Saynisch Jan , Thomas Maik 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe modeling of the ocean global circulation induced magnetic field is affected by various uncertainties that originate from errors in the input data and from the model itself. The amount of aggregated uncertainties and their effect on the modeling of electromagnetic induction in the ocean is unknown. For many applications, however, the knowledge of uncertainties in the modeling is essential. To investigate the uncertainty in the modeling of motional induction at the sea surface, simulation experiments are performed on the basis of different error scenarios and error covariance matrices. For these error scenarios, ensembles of an ocean general circulation model and an electromagnetic induction model are generated. This ensemble‐based approach allows to estimate both the spatial distribution and temporal variation of the uncertainty in the ocean‐induced magnetic field. The largest uncertainty in the ocean‐induced magnetic field occurs in the area of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Local maxima reach values of up to 0.7 nT. The estimated global annual mean uncertainty in the ocean‐induced magnetic field ranges from 0.1 to 0.4 nT. The relative amount of uncertainty reaches up to 30% of the signal strength with largest values in regions in the northern hemisphere. The major source of uncertainty is found to be introduced by wind stress from the atmospheric forcing of the ocean model. In addition, the temporal evolution of the uncertainty in the induced magnetic field shows distinct seasonal variations. Specific regions are identified which are robust with respect to the introduced uncertainties.
An Enantioselective Three‐Component Sulfa‐Michael/Aldol Cascade Reaction and its Application to the Synthesis of Thioaryl Substituted (−)‐Bestatin Derivatives
Authors: Hou Wenduan , Wei Qi , Peng Yungui 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAn efficient catalytic asymmetric three‐component sulfa‐Michael/aldol cascade reaction has been developed using a chiral multi‐functional catalyst. This reaction provided facile access to γ‐sulfur‐β‐nitro‐α‐hydroxy esters bearing three consecutive linear stereocenters in high yields (up to 97%) with excellent diastereo‐ (up to >97:3 dr) and enantioselectivities (>99% ee). These compounds were readily converted into 2‐nitroallylic alcohols and potentially bioactive γ‐sulfur‐β‐amino‐α‐hydroxy esters, which could be further used for the synthesis of Bestatin derivatives.magnified image
Novel Thermo‐Regulating Comfort Textile Based on Poly(allyl ethylene diamine)/n‐Hexadecane Microcapsules Grafted onto Cotton Fabric
Authors: Benmoussa D. , Molnar K. , Hannache H. , Cherkaoui O. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper deals with preparation and characterization of allyl ethylene diamine and poly(allyl ethylene diamine)/n‐hexadecane microcapsules containingn‐hexadecane as a phase change material for thermal energy storage grafted on the surface of cotton fabric. The chemical characterization of poly(allyl ethylene diamine,)/n‐hexadecane microcapsules was made by the Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy method, and particle size was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Thermal properties of microencapsulatedn‐hexadecane were determined using differential scanning calorimetry. The results show that melting and freezing temperatures of the microencapsulatedn‐hexadecane were 16 and 18°C, respectively, as the latent heats of melting and crystallization were 63 J/g.
Growth of the pectoral girdle in a sample of juveniles from the kellis 2 cemetery, Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt
Authors: Bleuze Michele M. , Wheeler Sandra M. , Williams Lana J. , Dupras Tosha L. 
Published: February 2016

ObjectivesThis study investigates growth patterns in the scapula and clavicle in a cross‐sectional juvenile skeletal sample ranging from 20 weeks gestation to 8.5 years of age from the Kellis 2 cemetery, Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt. The primary goal is to quantify growth patterns and growth velocities in the scapula and clavicle to better understand the development of the pectoral girdle.MethodsA series of low‐order polynomial regression models was used to examine growth curves in clavicle diaphyseal length, scapular height, and scapular width. Incremental growth and relative percent increase were examined among successive age groups as a proxy measure of growth velocity. Scapular body proportions were assessed with the scapular index and compared across age groups using a Kruskal–Wallis test with post‐hoc tests.ResultsA third‐order polynomial best describes growth in clavicle diaphyseal length and scapular height, and a second‐order polynomial best describes growth in scapular width. Growth velocity patterns are similar among clavicle diaphyseal length, scapular height, and scapular width particularly from birth until the end of early childhood. Clavicle diaphyseal length decelerates during middle childhood while scapular height and width accelerate during this time. With increasing age, the scapular body proportionately increases more in height than in width. The relatively narrow scapular body characteristic of adult scapulae is first evident during early childhood.ConclusionsChanges in scapular body shape during ontogeny may be a reflection of the greater alterations taking place in the integrated morphology of the pectoral girdle during the biomechanical shift from crawling to bipedalism. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:636–645, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Wraparound eyeglasses improve symptoms and quality of life in patients with seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis
Authors: Comert Sule , Karakaya Gul , Kalyoncu Ali Fuat 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundAllergen avoidance is important for allergic rhinitis management. However, studies evaluating the efficiency of avoidance measures from pollens are lacking. We aimed to investigate the efficiency of wraparound eyeglasses in seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (SAR).MethodsEligible patients with a diagnosis of SAR (n = 70) rated their symptom scores, filled the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ), and were randomized either to receive wraparound eyeglasses in addition to medical treatment (group 1, n = 39) or medical treatment only (group 2, n = 31) throughout the 3 pollen seasons in the years 2011, 2012, and 2013. Patients rated their symptom scores and checked the need for use of rescue medications in their diaries over a period of 4 weeks. RQLQ was reapplied 1 week and 4 weeks after randomization.ResultsThe median (interquartile range [IQR]) change from baseline over 4 weeks in the eye itching (−2.51 [−3.65 to −1.36] vs −0.88 [−1.95 to 0.43], p < 0.001), eye watering (−2.31 [−3.09 to −1.24] vs −1.60 [−2.59 to −0.21], p = 0.02), sneezing (−2.26 [−3.19 to −1.51] vs −1.68 [−2.27 to −0.56], p = 0.03), and rhinorrhea (−2.48 [−3.74 to −1.49] vs −1.59 [−2.88 to −0.87], p = 0.04) scores were significantly higher in group 1 compared to group 2. There were significantly higher improvements in ocular symptoms domain score (−1.75 [−3.12 to −1.00] vs −0.50 [−2.31 to −0.31], p = 0.002), nasal symptoms domain score (−2.25 [−4.06 to −1.50] vs −1.25 [−2.37 to −0.68], p = 0.004), and total RQLQ score (−1.98 [−2.67 to −0.88] vs −1.10 [−2.06 to −0.25], p = 0.02) and reduced need for rescue medication use in group 1 compared to group 2 at the end of 4 weeks.ConclusionStandard wraparound eyeglasses can provide a safe, convenient, and effective measure for protection from pollens in patients with SAR.
Spontaneous isolated left gastric artery dissection: unusual visceral artery dissection
Authors: Ichiba Toshihisa , Naito Hiroshi , Nagata Takeshi , Masuda Rieko , Hata Masako , Maeda Keisuke 
Published: February 2016

CaseA 51‐year‐old woman visited our emergency department complaining of acute onset of upper abdominal pain and nausea. Abdominal contrast‐enhanced computed tomography showed an isolated left gastric artery dissection and pseudoaneurysm. After conservative management for 6 days, endovascular embolization was carried out for treatment of the pseudoaneurysm. Spontaneous dissection of a visceral artery rarely occurs in the case of a left gastric artery.OutcomeContrast‐enhanced computed tomography is essential to make an accurate diagnosis and establish a therapeutic strategy.ConclusionWe should consider the occurrence of minor visceral artery dissection if a patient has acute abdominal pain without other obvious causes.
Shared genetic contribution to ischemic stroke and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Traylor Matthew , Adib‐Samii Poneh , Harold Denise ,   the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, The International Stroke Genetics Consortium (ISGC), UK Young Lacunar Stroke DNA resource, Dichgans Martin , Williams Julie , Lewis Cathryn M. , Markus Hugh S. ,   and the METASTROKE and International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project (IGAP) investigators
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveIncreasing evidence suggests epidemiological and pathological links between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and ischemic stroke (IS). We investigated the evidence that shared genetic factors underpin the two diseases.MethodsUsing genome‐wide association study (GWAS) data from METASTROKE + (15,916 IS cases and 68,826 controls) and the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project (IGAP; 17,008 AD cases and 37,154 controls), we evaluated known associations with AD and IS. On the subset of data for which we could obtain compatible genotype‐level data (4,610 IS cases, 1,281 AD cases, and 14,320 controls), we estimated the genome‐wide genetic correlation (rG) between AD and IS, and the three subtypes (cardioembolic, small vessel, and large vessel), using genome‐wide single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data. We then performed a meta‐analysis and pathway analysis in the combined AD and small vessel stroke data sets to identify the SNPs and molecular pathways through which disease risk may be conferred.ResultsWe found evidence of a shared genetic contribution between AD and small vessel stroke (rG [standard error] = 0.37 [0.17]; p = 0.011). Conversely, there was no evidence to support shared genetic factors in AD and IS overall or with the other stroke subtypes. Of the known GWAS associations with IS or AD, none reached significance for association with the other trait (or stroke subtypes). A meta‐analysis of AD IGAP and METASTROKE + small vessel stroke GWAS data highlighted a region (ATP5H/KCTD2/ICT1) associated with both diseases (p = 1.8 × 10−8). A pathway analysis identified four associated pathways involving cholesterol transport and immune response.InterpretationOur findings indicate shared genetic susceptibility to AD and small vessel stroke and highlight potential causal pathways and loci. Ann Neurol 2016;79:739–747
A Shape‐Memory DNA‐Based Hydrogel Exhibiting Two Internal Memories
Authors: Hu Yuwei , Guo Weiwei , Kahn Jason S. , Aleman‐Garcia Miguel Angel , Willner Itamar 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe synthesis of a shape‐memory acrylamide–DNA hydrogel that includes two internal memories is introduced. The hydrogel is stabilized, at pH 7.0, by two different pH‐responsive oligonucleotide crosslinking units. At pH 10.0, one of the T‐A⋅T triplex DNA bridging units is dissociated, resulting in the dissociation of the hydrogel into a shapeless quasi‐liquid state that includes the other oligonucleotide bridges as internal memory. Similarly, at pH 5.0, the second type of bridges is separated, through the formation of C‐G⋅C+ triplex units to yield the shapeless quasi‐liquid state that includes the other oligonucleotide bridges as internal memory. By reversible pH triggering of the hydrogel between the values 10.0⇔7.0⇔5.0, the two internal memories cycle the material across shaped hydrogel and shapeless quasi‐liquid states. The two memories enable the pH‐dictated formation of two different hydrogel structures.
Synthesis of PEGylated chitosan copolymers as efficiently antimicrobial coatings for leather
Authors: Luo Quanqing , Gao Haiqi , Peng Lihua , Liu Gongyan , Zhang Zongcai 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTIn this work, poly(ethylene glcycol)‐grafted chitosan (PEG‐g‐CS) was synthesized by conjugating PEG to the chitosan (CS) backbone. Such PEGylated CS copolymer was further characterized by FTIR and1H NMR, and the results demonstrated the successful synthesis. After PEGylation, the water solubility of CS was significantly improved due to the hydrophilicity of the PEG polymer. Therefore, this PEGylated CS was prepared as water borne coating for leather surface. The morphology and hydrophilicity of this coating on leather was studied by SEM and water contact angle measurement. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of PEGylated CS coating was investigated by measuring its minimum inhibitory concentration and the inhibition zone of coated leather against Gram‐negativeEscherichia coliand Gram‐positiveStaphylococcus aureus, respectively. Compared to CS coating, such PEG‐g‐CS coating exhibited better antimicrobial property, which indicated the synergetic effect of the antimicrobial property of CS and the antiadhesive property of PEG. Thus, this PEGylated CS copolymer can be used as efficiently antimicrobial coating for leather product. © 2016 The Authors Journal of Applied Polymer Science Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 43465.
Compressive mechanical properties of HTPB propellant at low, intermediate, and high strain rates
Authors: Yang Long , Xie Kan , Pei Jiangfeng , Sui Xin , Wang Ningfei 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTLow, intermediate, and high strain rate compression testing (1.7 × 10−4 to 2500 s−1) of the hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) propellant at room temperature, were performed using a universal testing machine, a hydraulic testing machine, and a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB), respectively. Results show that the stress linearly increases with strain at each condition; the increasing trend of stress at a given strain with the logarithm of strain rate changes from a linear to an exponential form at 1 s−1. By combining these characteristics, we propose a rate‐dependent constitutive model which is a linearly elastic component as a base model, then multiplied by a rate‐dependent component. Comparison of model with experimental data shows that it can characterize the compressive mechanical properties of HTPB propellant at strain rates from 1.7 × 10−4 to 2500 s−1. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43512.
Distribution and Origin of VIP‐, SP‐, and Phospholipase Cβ2‐Immunoreactive Nerves in the Tongue of the Bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana
Authors: Tadokoro Osamu , Ando Hiroshi , Kawahara Ichiro , Asanuma Naokazu , Okumura Masayo , Kitagawa Junichi , Kondo Eiji , Yagasaki Hiroshi 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTPrevious studies have found a few intralingual ganglionic cells that were immunoreactive to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in the frog. A recent study reported a large number of such cells, and the possibility of the release of substance P (SP) from these. The aim of the present study was to investigate the distribution, origin, and colocalization of VIP‐ and SP‐ immunoreactive nerves in the tongue of the bullfrog, R. catesbeiana. In addition, the study also examined the colocalization of SP and phospholipase Cβ2 (PLCβ2) in the tongue and jugular ganglion. VIP immunoreactivity was seen in unipolar cells that were sparse in nerve bundles in the submucosal and muscle layers. The density of VIP‐immunoreactive cells was approximately 4.8 cells/mm3. Their fibers terminated in the vicinity of the epithelial basal layer of the fungiform papillae. SP immunoreactivity was not seen in the VIP‐immunoreactive cells, but was observed in pseudounipolar cells in the jugular ganglion. The SP fibers terminated close to the free surface, showing spindle‐ and button‐like profiles. Transection of glossopharyngeal nerve resulted in the persistence of VIP‐immunoreactive cells and the disappearance of SP‐immunoreactive fibers in the tongue. SP immunoreactivity was co‐expressed with PLCβ2 in both the tongue and jugular ganglia. No PLCβ2 immunoreactivity was seen in cells comprising the epithelial taste disk. These findings indicate that the origin of VIP nerve fibers are unipolar cells in the tongue, and SP and PLCβ2 fibers originate from pseudounipolar cells that may be able to release SP primarily in the jugular ganglion. Anat Rec, 299:929–942, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparative Analysis of the Morphology, Ultrastructure, and Glycosylation Pattern of the Jejunum and Ileum of the Wild Rodent Lagostomus maximus
Authors: Tano De La Hoz María Florencia , Flamini Mirta Alicia , Díaz Alcira Ofelia 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTMorphological and histochemical analyses were performed to characterize the histology, ultrastructure, and glycosylation pattern of the jejunum and ileum of the wild rodent Lagostomus maximus. Enterocytes, goblet cells, Paneth cells, and enteroendocrine cells were identified in both intestinal epithelia. Two morphological types of enterocytes were identified only in the ileum based on their cytoplasm electron density. Although the histological and ultrastructural examination showed that the epithelia of both anatomical regions were morphologically similar, a certain specialization in their secretory products was evident. The glycosylation pattern of the jejunum and ileum was characterized in situ by histochemical and lectin histochemical methods. Histochemical results revealed the presence of carboxylated and sulfated gycoconjugates in both regions, although sulfomucins were clearly prevalent in the ileum. Sialic acid was highly O‐acetylated and particularly abundant in the jejunum. The KOH/PA*/Bh/PAS technique evidenced a more intense histochemical reaction in the jejunal than in the ileum goblet cells, demonstrating a reduction of neutral mucin secretion in the distal small intestine. Further specific differences were revealed by lectin histochemistry. These data evidenced that the nature of mucus varies at different anatomical regions, probably adapted to physiological requirements. Anat Rec, 299:630–642, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Studies of the Electronic Effects of Zinc Cluster Catalysts and Their Application to the Transesterification of β‐Keto Esters
Authors: Agura Kazushi , Hayashi Yukiko , Wada Mari , Nakatake Daiki , Mashima Kazushi , Ohshima Takashi 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe electronic effects of tetranuclear zinc cluster catalysts on transesterification were investigated by changing the carboxylate ligands in the clusters. High catalyst activity crucially depended on the balance between Lewis acidity and Brønsted basicity of the catalyst; this was consistent with the dual activation of both the electrophile and nucleophile by the cooperative zinc centers. In addition, tetranuclear zinc cluster catalysts achieved the transesterification of β‐keto esters with unprecedented levels of broad substrate generality, in which a newly developed pentafluoropropionate‐bridged zinc cluster and 4‐dimethylaminopyridine additive greatly improved the reactivity of sterically congested α‐ and α,α‐disubstituted β‐keto esters.
Asymmetric P−C Bond Formation: Diastereoselective Synthesis of Adjacent P,C‐Stereogenic Allylic Phosphorus Compounds
Authors: Xie Peizhong , Guo Lei , Xu Lanlan , Loh Teck‐Peng 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA novel catalytic asymmetric P−C bond formation between phosphinates/phosphine oxide and allylic carbonates was developed. This methodology could not only afford a variety of functionalized adjacent P,C‐stereogenic phosphorus compounds in high yields with high regio‐ and diastereoselectivities but also provide an alternative strategy to access enantiomerically enriched (SP)‐phosphinates through kinetic resolution.