bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular basis of the flavin‐based electron‐bifurcating caffeyl‐CoA reductase reaction
Authors: Demmer Julius K. , Bertsch Johannes , Öppinger Christian , Wohlers Hannah , Kayastha Kanwal , Demmer Ulrike , Ermler Ulrich , Müller Volker 
Published: January 2018

Flavin‐based electron bifurcation (FBEB) is a recently discovered mode of energy coupling in anaerobic microorganisms. The electron‐bifurcating caffeyl‐CoA reductase (CarCDE) catalyzes the reduction of caffeyl‐CoA and ferredoxin by oxidizing NADH. The 3.5 Å structure of the heterododecameric Car(CDE)4 complex of Acetobacterium woodii, presented here, reveals compared to other electron‐transferring flavoprotein/acyl dehydrogenase family members an additional ferredoxin‐like domain with two [4Fe–4S] clusters N‐terminally fused to CarE. It might serve, in vivo, as specific adaptor for the physiological electron acceptor. Kinetic analysis of a CarCDE(∆Fd) complex indicates the bypassing of the ferredoxin‐like domain by artificial electron acceptors. Site‐directed mutagenesis studies substantiated the crucial role of the C‐terminal arm of CarD and of ArgE203, hydrogen‐bonded to the bifurcating FAD, for FBEB.
In Situ Self‐Assembly of Coacervate Microdroplets into Viable Artificial Cell Wall with Heritability
Authors: Su Dongyue , Liu Xiaoman , Liu Lina , Wang Lei , Xie Hui , Zhang Hao , Meng Xianghe , Huang Xin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCreating an intelligent artificial cell wall to endow fabricated cells with more advanced functionalities is highly desirable. Here, an efficient and cytocompatible approach to generate a type of viable artificial cell wall based on direct self‐assembly of coacervate microdroplets on individual cellular surface is developed, which can protect the fabricated cell against various external stresses and can then prolong the storage of the fabricated cells over two months. Moreover, as a type of viable artificial cell wall, it can not only help the fabricated cell sequester nutrients or functionalized substances such as catalase, or iron oxide nanoparticles actively from the solution which then makes the fabricated cell more versatile but also allows the fabricated cell proliferate. Significantly, the artificial cell wall also shows heritable behavior that can reserve its protection to as far as the third‐generation daughter cell. Undoubtedly, such an illustrated artificial cell wall provides a conceptually new and promising technique toward the cell‐based research as well as application of next generation.
Ultrafast All‐Optical Switching of Germanium‐Based Flexible Metaphotonic Devices
Authors: Lim Wen Xiang , Manjappa Manukumara , Srivastava Yogesh Kumar , Cong Longqing , Kumar Abhishek , MacDonald Kevin F. , Singh Ranjan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIncorporating semiconductors as active media into metamaterials offers opportunities for a wide range of dynamically switchable/tunable, technologically relevant optical functionalities enabled by strong, resonant light–matter interactions within the semiconductor. Here, a germanium‐thin‐film‐based flexible metaphotonic device for ultrafast optical switching of terahertz radiation is experimentally demonstrated. A resonant transmission modulation depth of 90% is achieved, with an ultrafast full recovery time of 17 ps. An observed sub‐picosecond decay constant of 670 fs is attributed to the presence of trap‐assisted recombination sites in the thermally evaporated germanium film.
Organometallic‐Mediated Radical Polymerization of Vinylidene Fluoride
Authors: Banerjee Sanjib , Ladmiral Vincent , Debuigne Antoine , Detrembleur Christophe , Poli Rinaldo , Améduri Bruno 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAn unprecedented level of control for the radical polymerization of vinylidene fluoride (VDF), yielding well‐defined PVDF (at least up to 14 500 g mol−1) with low dispersity (≤1.32), was achieved using organometallic‐mediated radical polymerization (OMRP) with an organocobalt compound as initiator. The high chain‐end fidelity was demonstrated by the synthesis of PVDF‐ and PVAc‐containing di‐and triblock copolymers. DFT calculations rationalize the efficient reactivation of both head and tail chain end dormant species.
Tetrablock Metallopolymer Electrochromes
Authors: Gu Haibin , Ciganda Roberto , Castel Patricia , Moya Sergio , Hernandez Ricardo , Ruiz Jaime , Astruc Didier 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMulti‐block polymers are highly desirable for their addressable functions that are both unique and complementary among the blocks. With metal‐containing polymers, the goal is even more challenging insofar as the metal properties may considerably extend the materials functions to sensing, catalysis, interaction with metal nanoparticles, and electro‐ or photochrome switching. Ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) has become available for the formation of living polymers using highly efficient initiators such as the 3rd generation Grubbs catalyst [RuCl2(NHC)(=CHPh)(3‐Br‐C5H4N)2], 1. Among the 24 possibilities to introduce 4 blocks of metallopolymers into a tetrablock metallocopolymer by ROMP using the catalyst 1, two viable pathways are disclosed. The synthesis, characterization, electrochemistry, electron‐transfer chemistry, and remarkable electrochromic properties of these new nanomaterials are presented.
Benzonorcorrole NiII Complexes: Enhancement of Paratropic Ring Current and Singlet Diradical Character by Benzo‐Fusion
Authors: Yoshida Takuya , Takahashi Kohtaro , Ide Yuki , Kishi Ryohei , Fujiyoshi Jun‐ya , Lee Sangsu , Hiraoka Yuya , Kim Dongho , Nakano Masayoshi , Ikeue Takahisa , Yamada Hiroko , Shinokubo Hiroshi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFused benzene rings to antiaromatic compounds generally improve their stability but attenuate their antiaromaticity. The opposite case is now reported. NiII benzonorcorroles were synthesized and the effect of benzo‐fusion on the antiaromaticity was elucidated. The benzo‐fusion resulted in significant decrease of the HOMO–LUMO gaps and enhancement of the paratropic ring current effect. Furthermore, the introduction of the benzo groups induced singlet diradical character in the antiaromatic porphyrinoid.
A UPLC‐MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of five flavonoids from Stellera chamaejasme L. in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Li Yun‐Qing , Li Cheng‐Jian , Lv Lei , Cao Qing‐qing , Qian Xian , Li Si wei , Wang Hui , Zhao Liang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractStellera chamaejasme L. has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of scabies, tinea, stubborn skin ulcers, chronic tracheitis, cancer and tuberculosis. A sensitive and selective ultra‐high liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of five flavonoids (stelleranol, chamaechromone, neochamaejasmin A, chamaejasmine and isochamaejasmin) of S. chamaejasme L. in rat plasma. Chromatographic separation was accomplished on an Agilent Poroshell 120 EC‐C18 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 2.7 μm) with gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min and the total analysis time was 7 min. The analytes were detected using multiple reaction monitoring in positive ionization mode. The samples were prepared by liquid–liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. The UPLC‐MS/MS method was validated for specificity, linearity, sensitivity, accuracy and precision, recovery, matrix effect and stability. The validated method exhibited good linearity (r ≥ 0.9956), and the lower limits of quantification ranged from 0.51 to 0.64 ng/mL for five flavonoids. The intra‐ and inter‐day precision were both <10.2%, and the accuracy ranged from −11.79 to 9.21%. This method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of five flavonoids in rats after oral administration of ethyl acetate extract of S. chamaejasme L.
Confidence ellipsoids for ASCA models based on multivariate regression theory
Authors: Liland Kristian Hovde , Smilde Age , Marini Federico , Næs Tormod 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn analysis of variance simultaneous component analysis, permutation testing is the standard way of assessing uncertainty of effect level estimates. This article introduces an analytical solution to the assessment of uncertainty through classical multivariate regression theory. We visualize the uncertainty as ellipsoids, contrasting these to data ellipsoids. This is further extended to multiple testing of effect level differences. Confirmatory and intuitive results are observed when applying the theory to previously published data and simulations.
Electrophile‐Directed Diastereoselective Oxonitrile Alkylations
Authors: Chepyshev Sergiy V. , Pitta Bhaskar Reddy , Vangala Saidi Reddy , Lujan‐Montelongo J. Armando , Steward Omar W. , Fleming Fraser F. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDiastereoselective alkylation of prochiral oxonitrile dianions with secondary alkyl halides efficiently installs two contiguous stereogenic centers. The confluence of nucleophilic trajectory and the electrophile chirality causes distinct steric differences that allow efficient discrimination for one of the six possible conformers. Numerous oxonitrile‐derived dianions efficiently displace secondary alkyl halides propagating the electrophile chirality to efficiently install two contiguous tertiary centers. The prevalence of chiral, secondary electrophiles makes the interdigitated alkylation of chiral electrophiles a particularly attractive route because the resulting oxonitriles are readily transformed into bioactive heterocycles.
Images of Union Renewal: A Content Analysis of Union Print Advertising
Authors: Phillips Barbara J. , Pohler Dionne 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMessage factors in union marketing communications are important for improving public attitudes toward unions and facilitating union renewal. However, little is known about the prevalence of different message factors in union advertising. We conduct a content analysis of the message factors in 177 union print advertisements from three Canadian unions to determine which message factors are most commonly being employed. We then compare our findings to the techniques marketing research has found to be more or less effective when engaging in organizational marketing. We conduct the largest systematic examination of union advertising to date, and suggest that there are areas of both strength and weakness in current union print advertising. Implications of our findings for union renewal are discussed. Copyright © 2018 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards the Detection of Explosive Taggants: Microwave and Millimetre‐Wave Gas‐Phase Spectroscopies of 3‐Nitrotoluene
Authors: Roucou Anthony , Kleiner Isabelle , Goubet Manuel , Bteich Sabath , Mouret Gael , Bocquet Robin , Hindle Francis , Meerts W. Leo , Cuisset Arnaud 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe monitoring of gas‐phase mononitrotoluenes is crucial for defence, civil security and environmental interests because they are used as taggant for TNT detection and in the manufacturing of industrial compounds such as dyestuffs. In this study, we have succeeded to measure and analyse at high‐resolution a room temperature rotationally resolved millimetre‐wave spectrum of meta‐nitrotoluene (3‐NT). Experimental and theoretical difficulties have been overcome, in particular, those related to the low vapour pressure of 3‐NT and to the presence of a CH3 internal rotation in an almost free rotation regime (V3=6.7659(24) cm−1). Rotational spectra have been recorded in the microwave and millimetre‐wave ranges using a supersonic jet Fourier Transform microwave spectrometer (Trot<10 K) and a millimetre‐wave frequency multiplication chain (T=293 K), respectively. Spectral analysis of pure rotation lines in the vibrational ground state and in the first torsional excited state supported by quantum chemistry calculations permits the rotational energy of the molecule, the hyperfine structure due to the 14N nucleus, and the internal rotation of the methyl group to be characterised. A line list is provided for future in situ detection.
Nonsurgical management of human immunodeficiency virus‐associated parotid cysts: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Naik Akash N. , Clinkscales William B. , Kato Masanari G. , Nguyen Shaun A. , Gillespie M. Boyd 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this clinical review was to analyze the effectiveness of nonsurgical management options for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐associated parotid cysts.MethodsWe conducted systematic and meta‐analysis reviews. Primary outcomes were complete or partial responses.ResultsSystematic review identified 12 relevant studies. The average rates of complete response for antiretroviral therapy (ART), sclerotherapy, and fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) were 52.8%, 55.5%, and 33.3%, respectively. Three radiotherapy studies, totaling 104 patients, were included in a meta‐analysis. Patients receiving high‐dose therapy achieved complete and partial response rates of 65.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 54.3%‐76.2%) and 25.2% (95% CI 16.1%‐36.3%), respectively. Patients receiving low‐dose therapy achieved complete and partial response rates of 23.2% (95% CI 1.2%‐60.9%) and 22.3% (95% CI 5.2%‐87.8%), respectively. The rate of complete response was significantly greater for high‐dose radiotherapy compared to low‐dose (P < .001).ConclusionAmong nonsurgical treatment modalities for HIV‐associated parotid cysts, radiotherapy has the highest number of reported outcomes in the literature and our analysis suggests that higher dose radiotherapy has higher rates of achieving complete response.
Transoral robotic surgery for oropharyngeal carcinoma: Surgical margins and oncologic outcomes
Authors: Moore Eric J. , Van Abel Kathryn M. , Price Daniel L. , Lohse Christine M. , Olsen Kerry D. , Jackson Ryan S. , Martin Eliot J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundThis study presents oncologic outcomes after transoral robotic surgery (TORS) ± adjuvant therapy for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).MethodsThree hundred fourteen patients undergoing TORS ± adjuvant therapy for oropharyngeal SCC from May 1, 2007, to May 31, 2015, are analyzed.ResultsMedian follow‐up was 3.3 years (interquartile range [IQR] 1.8‐5.3 years; range 1 day to 9.3 years). Estimated locoregional recurrence‐free survival, distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS), overall survival (OS), and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) rates (95% confidence interval [CI] number still at risk) at 5 years after surgery were 92% (88‐95; 92), 90% (86‐94; 92), 86% (82‐92; 98), and 94% (91‐97; 98), respectively. Negative margins were achieved in 98% of cases. The adult comorbidity evaluation (ACE)‐27 comorbidity index, human papillomavirus (HPV) status, pathologic N classification, and number of attempts to clear margins were associated with death due to cancer (P = .003, P = .002, P = .030, and P = .002, respectively).ConclusionThe need to take ≥2 margins to achieve resection portends an increased risk of locoregional recurrence and death due to disease in oropharyngeal SCC.
Why do people become health workers?Analysis from life histories in 4 post‐conflict and post‐crisis countries
Authors: Witter Sophie , Wurie Haja , Namakula Justine , Mashange Wilson , Chirwa Yotamu , Alonso‐Garbayo Alvaro 
Published: January 2018

SummaryWhile there is a growing body of literature on how to attract and retain health workers once they are trained, there is much less published on what motivates people to train as health professions in the first place in low‐ and middle‐income countries and what difference this makes to later retention. In this article, we examine patterns in expressed motivation to join the profession across different cadres, based on 103 life history interviews conducted in northern Uganda, Sierra Leone, Cambodia, and Zimbabwe. A rich mix of reported motivations for joining the profession was revealed, including strong influence of “personal calling,” exhortations of family and friends, early experiences, and chance factors. Desire for social status and high respect for health professionals were also significant. Economic factors are also important—not just perceptions of future salaries and job security but also more immediate ones, such as low cost or free training. These allowed low‐income participants to access the health professions, to which they had shown considerably loyalty. The lessons learned from these cohorts, which had remained in service through periods of conflict and crisis, can influence recruitment and training policies in similar contexts to ensure a resilient health workforce.
Surface modification using the biomimetic method in alumina‐zirconia porous ceramics obtained by the replica method
Authors: Silva André D. R. , Rigoli Willian R. , Osiro Denise , Mello Daphne C. R. , Vasconcellos Luana M. R. , Lobo Anderson O. , Pallone Eliria M. J. A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe modification of biomaterials approved by the Food and Drug Administration could be an alternative to reduce the period of use in humans. Porous bioceramics are widely used as support structures for bone formation and repair. This composite has essential characteristics for an implant, including good mechanical properties, high chemical stability, biocompatibility and adequate aesthetic appearance. Here, three‐dimensional porous scaffolds of Al2O3 containing 5% by volume of ZrO2 were produced by the replica method. These scaffolds had their surfaces chemically treated with phosphoric acid and were coated with calcium phosphate using the biomimetic method simulated body fluid (SBF, 5×) for 14 days. The scaffolds, before and after biomimetic coating, were characterized mechanically, morphologically and structurally by axial compression tests, scanning electron microscopy, microtomography, apparent porosity, X‐ray diffractometry, near‐infrared spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and reactivity. The in vitro cell viability and formation of mineralization nodules were used to identify the potential for bone regeneration. The produced scaffols after immersion in SBF were able to induce the nodules formation. These characteristics are advantaged by the formation of different phases of calcium phosphates on the material surface in a reduced incubation period. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2615–2624, 2018.
Characterization of Macrophage Dysfunction in Rodent Malaria
Authors: Loose Leland D 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Immunosuppression in malaria has been attributed, in part, to alterations in macrophage function. The present study was undertaken in an attempt to characterize the dysfunction and to determine if it is regional or if it occurs in different populations of macrophages. The resting O2 consumption of either hepatic, splenic, or peritoneal macrophages or polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) was unaltered by the malaria infection. However, the respiratory burst was significantly enhanced in the three macrophage populations but not in the PMNs. A significant increase in their phagocytic capacity and microbicidal activity was noted for hepatic and peritoneal but not splenic macrophages or PMNs. The malaria-infected mice had a marked decrease in serum antibody and splenic plaque response to bovine serum albumin (BSA) but not to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). Following an in vitro incubation with BSA, splenic macrophages from infected mice were not able to induce an antibody response when injected into normal mice. However, following incubation with KLH splenic macrophages could induce an adequate response in normal mice. This ability of macrophages from malaria-infected mice to transfer (or induce) a response in normal mice appeared to correlate with the amount of antigen digested, or perhaps retained, by the cells, i.e., BSA digestion was significantly less than KLH. These results indicate that the macrophage dysfunction in malaria is distinct depending on the tissue population that the macrophage is obtained from and that the impaired antibody response may be restricted to antigens requiring macrophage processing.
Characterization of Subsets of Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages by Flow Cytometry Analysis
Authors: Walker Edwin B , Akporiaye Emmanuel T , Warner Noel L , Stewart Carleton C 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Normal C3H bone marrow cells were grown 7 days in medium containing L cell-derived colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1). During the first 4 days of culture, erythroid and granulocytic cells decreased while macrophages increased exponentially with a doubling time of about 31 hr. Only 0.3% of all cells in the initial bone marrow suspension formed discrete colonies of mononuclear phagocytes, but by day 6 60% of the nonadherent cells were capable of forming macrophage colonies, representing a 200-fold enrichment of the original progenitor population. Using flow cytometry, mononuclear phagocytes obtained after 4 days of culture were separated into two distinct phenotypes based on their autofluorescence. Nonadherent cells were a discrete population of small cells exhibiting low autofluorescence, and the adherent cells were a broad heterogenous population of large cells exhibiting high autofluorescence. A panel of currently available rat monoclonal antibodies (MABs) against murine hematopoietic cells were used to determine whether unique subsets of macrophages could be resolved. The MABs RA 31B6 and H-11 stained virtually all the nonadherent cells but not adherent cells. The MABs E-2 and 11–4.1 (anti-H-2Kk) stained almost all the adherent cells and demonstrated no significant staining of nonadherent cells. Nearly all the nonadherent and adherent cells were stained by the MABs DNL 4.4 and MAC-1. Additionally, the data suggest that the epitopes for MAC-2 and MAC-3 and γ2a Fc receptors develop late in nonadherent progenitor cells as they mature into adherent macrophages.
The Influence of Parturition on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Phagocyte Subpopulations in Pregnant Women
Authors: Buchan G S , Gibbins B L , Griffin J F T 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) from human peripheral blood were separated on discontinuous Percoll gradients into two subpopulations. A high density population was isolated which contained less mature MPs, while the MPs in the low density population were more mature cells. The proportion of high density MPs was found to increase sharply in conjunction with the peripheral blood monocytosis associated with parturition in women. The data show that there is a measurable response in the circulating MP pool to this acute inflammatory stimulus and that this response is manifested as an increase in absolute numbers of both total and high density MPs. No significant change was found in the number of low density MPs.