bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecological modeling and eutrophication—A review
Authors: Anagnostou Eleni , Gianni Areti , Zacharias Ierotheos 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDuring the several last decades, environmental scientists use numerical modeling as a tool in their studies and investigations of aquatic systems. Ecological and hydrodynamic models are developed in parallel regarding their complexity, uncertainty, and computational power. Ecological models have been used to assess ecosystem processes and interactions, simulate future scenarios, evaluate remedial practices in response to eutrophication etc. This review paper deals with the progress in ecological modeling related to eutrophication processes, specifically in models that describe the trophic state dynamics of hypoxic/anoxic aquatic ecosystems. Nine dynamic ecological models coupled or noncoupled with hydrodynamic models have been discussed based upon their history, complexity, limitations, recent detailed modeling applications, and their important results. The advantages and disadvantages of these models are presented along with their application areas.
Interspecific cross‐hybrids of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. (gla.) S ‘K326’ with Nicotiana alata
Authors: Liao Jugou , Dai Jinran , Yang Shiyi , Zhou Xiaoli , Ren Longhui , Chen Zhuangzhuang , He Haili , Chen Suiyun 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn order to introduce the Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV) resistance from Nicotiana alata into Nicotiana tabacum, a cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) line of N. tabacum (N. tabacum L. cv. (gla.) S ‘K326’), was successfully crossed with N. alata. Despite a high DNA content variability, F1 hybrids could be classified in two subgroups, a major one encompassing fertile hybrids morphologically similar to their tobacco maternal parent but TSWV sensitive, and a minor one displaying sterile hybrids showing an intermediate phenotype and TSWV resistant. In order to elucidate the unexpected fertility recovery of the fertile F1 plants, some N. alata fertility restoration ppr genes were cloned and were shown to be differentially expressed between parental lineages as well as between both F1 subgroups, suggesting that N. alata contains fertility restoring allele able to overcome the CMS of N. tabacum.
Genetic diversity of tropical maize inbred lines combining resistance to Striga hermonthica with drought tolerance using SNP markers
Authors: Mengesha Wende Abera , Menkir Abebe , Unakchukwu Nnanna , Meseka Silvestro , Farinola Adetutu , Girma Gezahegn , Gedil Melaku 
Published: June 2017

AbstractStriga hermonthica and drought are the major stresses limiting maize yields in sub‐Saharan Africa. The search for diverse maize lines’ tolerance to drought and resistance to S. hermonthica (DTSTHR) is very crucial for yield improvement in areas affected by the two stresses. Understanding the genetic diversity among the lines is important to develop cultivars resistant to S. hermonthica and tolerant to drought. The lines were developed from biparental crosses of drought‐tolerant and Striga‐resistant lines. A total of 128 DTSTHR maize lines were characterized using single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Results of the cluster analysis based on 3297 SNP markers showed four distinct groups consistent with the pedigrees of the lines. Furthermore, model‐based analysis also formed the same groups of the DTSTHR lines. Integrating the pedigree information with combining ability and the SNP analyses may provide defined heterotic groups for maize improvement work in West and Central Africa. These results also help breeders to utilize DTSTHR lines present at IITA for developing biparental crosses without disrupting the heterotic groups they have established in their breeding programmes.
Comparing mating designs to restore seed production of interspecific hybrids betweenTrifolium repens(white clover) andTrifolium uniflorum
Authors: Naeem Muhammad , Verry Isabelle Marjorie , Kemp Peter D. , Millner James P. , Williams Warren Mervyn 
Published: June 2017

AbstractInterspecific hybrids betweenTrifolium uniflorumand cultivated white clover (Trifolium repens) have highly useful characteristics for temperate pastoral systems derived from both parent species. However, the early hybrids (F1and BC1) also have unacceptably poor seed production for commerce. This study analysed the basis for the poor seed production and investigated breeding strategies for overcoming the problem. The BC1F1generation produced lower‐than‐expected numbers of heads per plant and seeds per floret. Backcrossing of selected hybrids to white clover corrected these deficiencies and created new variation. Seed numbers were also returned to near target levels by recurrent selection within the BC1generation. Thus, it was possible to retain a theoretical average of 25% ofT. uniflorumgenome and still achieve high seed production per plant. The BC1F2and BC2F1generations produced high seed numbers per plant, along with reasonable variation. Both of these second‐generation hybrid forms have high reproductive potential and should be the focus for the selection of the desired combinations of agronomic and seed production traits.
Genomewide association study reveals novel quantitative trait loci associated with resistance towards Septoria tritici blotch in North European winter wheat
Authors: Vagndorf Nana , Nielsen Nanna Hellum , Edriss Vahid , Andersen Jeppe Reitan , Orabi Jihad , Jørgensen Lise Nistrup , Jahoor Ahmed 
Published: June 2017

AbstractFungal diseases are a major constraint for wheat production. Effective disease resistance is essential for ensuring a high production quality and yield. One of the most severe fungal diseases of wheat is Septoria tritici blotch (STB), which influences wheat production across the world. In this study, genomewide association mapping was used to identify new chromosomal regions on the wheat genome conferring effective resistance towards STB. A winter wheat population of 164 North European varieties and breeding lines was genotyped with 15K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) wheat array. The varieties were evaluated for STB in field trials at three locations in Denmark and across 3 years. The association analysis revealed four quantitative trait loci, on chromosomes 1B, 2A, 5D and 7A, highly associated with STB resistance. By comparing varieties containing several quantitative trait loci (QTL) with varieties containing none of the found QTL, a significant difference was found in the mean disease score. This indicates that an effective resistance can be obtained by pyramiding several QTL.
Anagen Effluvium in Association With Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Cotter Lisa , Cheng Kyle , Kirkorian Anna Yasmine 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAnagen effluvium (AE) is a type of alopecia with hair loss during the growth phase of a hair follicle and is most often associated with cytotoxic chemotherapy. This report describes a case of AE in a critically ill 2‐year‐old boy who developed cardiorespiratory failure requiring extracorporeal membranous oxygenation. We postulate that the combination of hypotension and hypoxia with subsequent reperfusion triggered an apoptotic cascade in the hair matrix, resulting in AE.
Post‐traumatic stress disorder in mothers of children who have undergone cancer surgery
Authors: Karadeniz Cerit Kıvılcım , Cerit Cem , Nart Ömer , Eker Nurşah , Kıyan Gürsu , Dağlı Tolga , Ekingen Gülşen , Tokuç Gülnur , Karaca Ömer , Çorapçıoğlu Funda 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the rate of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and associated risk factors among mothers of children who underwent cancer surgery.MethodThis cross‐sectional, multi‐center study included a total of 60 mothers whose children underwent major thoraco‐abdominal surgery and were under follow up in the outpatient setting between February 2016 and May 2016. Clinical Data Form, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Clinician‐Administered PTSD scale were used.ResultsOf all participants, 13 (21.7%) were diagnosed with PTSD. These mothers had shorter duration of marriage, longer duration of hospital stay after surgery, and higher HADS scores, compared with the others without PTSD. Thoughts of guilt such as “I am being punished or tested” were more frequent in mothers with PTSD. Insomnia, irritability, concentration problems, and psychological reactivity were the most common symptoms.ConclusionPost‐traumatic stress disorder is a severe disorder that may worsen the daily functioning of mothers and may also have an unfavorable effect on child. It is therefore of utmost importance for clinicians to recognize PTSD and the associated risk factors in order to guide these parents.
A graphical method for identifying the six types of non‐deep physiological dormancy in seeds
Authors: Soltani E. , Baskin C. C. , Baskin J. M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe present a new seed dormancy classification scheme for the non‐deep level of the class physiological dormancy (PD), which contains six types. Non‐deepPDis divided into two sublevels: one for seeds that exhibit a dormancy continuum (types 1, 2 and 3) and the other for those that do not exhibit a dormancy continuum (types 4, 5 and 6). Analysis of previous studies showed that different types of non‐deepPDalso can be identified using a graphical method. Seeds with a dormancy (D) ↔ conditional dormancy (CD) ↔ non‐dormancy (ND) cycle have a low germination percentage in the early stages ofCD, and during dormancy loss the germination capacity increases. However, seeds with aCD/ND(i.e. D→CD↔ND) cycle germinate to a high percentage at a narrow range of temperatures in the early stages ofCD. Cardinal temperatures for seeds with either a D/NDor aCD/NDcycle change during dormancy loss: the ceiling temperature increases in seeds with Type 1, the base temperature decreases in seeds with Type 2 and the base and ceiling temperatures decrease and increase, respectively, in seeds with Type 3. Criteria for distinguishing the six types of non‐deepPDand models of the temperature functions of seeds with types 1, 2 and 3 with both types of dormancy cycles are presented. The relevancy of our results to modelling the timing of weed seedling emergence is briefly discussed.
Anionic peroxidase‐mediated oxidative burst requirement for jasmonic acid‐dependentSolanum tuberosumdefence againstPhytophthora infestans
Authors: Sorokan A. V. , Burhanova G. F. , Maksimov I. V. 
Published: June 2017

Plants are subject to pervasive attack by a diversity of pathogens and herbivores. It is considered that salicylic (SA) and jasmonic (JA) acids induce systemic resistance to these antagonists. Different lines of evidence indicate that the interplay ofSAandJAwith reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated byNADPHoxidases or apoplastic peroxidases, has an important role in the plant defence response. It was previously shown that diminished expression of theSolanum tuberosumanionic peroxidase geneM21334, as a consequence of antisense expression (asAPOplants), results in high susceptibility toPhytophthora infestansand deficient lignin deposition in cell walls. Further research reported in this paper showed that asAPOantisense plants have a low level of H2O2and impairedJA‐associated responses, such as reduced transcription ofJA‐responsive andJA‐biosynthesis genes. The asAPOplants did not exhibit any apparent defect in their susceptibility toSA. Exogenous H2O2partially restoredJA‐dependent reactions in asAPOplants, together with an increase in lignin deposition around pathogen‐penetrated sites, resulting in increased resistance of asAPOtoP. infestans. These data demonstrate that the anionic peroxidase‐dependent oxidative burst plays an important role in the elicitation ofJA‐associated immunity.
Physical activity and asthma control level in children and adolescents
Authors: Matsunaga Natasha Y. , Oliveira Marina S. , Morcillo André M. , Ribeiro José D. , Ribeiro Maria A.G.O. , Toro Adyléia A.D.C. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Background and objectivePhysical activity is defined as any bodily movement produced by a muscle contraction with increased energy expenditure. The aim of this study was to assess the physical activity, asthma control level, spirometric measurements and quality of life in children and adolescents with asthma.MethodsWe included all children and adolescents aged 7–17 years who had a diagnosis of atopic asthma and who attended the Pediatric Pulmonology Outpatient Clinic of the State University of Campinas, Brazil. Asthma control levels were evaluated by the Asthma Control Test (ACT). Physical activity was measured using the long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and by other questions about daily activities at school and at home over the last week. Lung function was assessed by spirometry, both pre‐ and post‐bronchodilator (BD). Quality of life was evaluated using the Paediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ).ResultsOut of 100 patients, 60 were classified as presenting with controlled asthma (CA) and 40 as presenting with uncontrolled asthma (UA). In the IPAQ, 29% were classified as sedentary, 17% as active and 54% as very active. There was no significant association between physical activity and the level of asthma control. We found no differences between active and sedentary children and adolescents with asthma in spirometric variables or quality of life.ConclusionNo associations were observed between physical activity and asthma control level, spirometric measurements and quality of life in children and adolescents with asthma.
The phylogenetic relevance of thoracic musculature: a case study including a description of the thorax anatomy of Zygoptera (Insecta: Odonata) larvae
Authors: BÜSSE SEBASTIAN , HECKMANN SASKIA , HÖRNSCHEMEYER THOMAS , BYBEE SETH M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNew morphological techniques allow for the evaluation of novel character systems that are potentially important for phylogenetic analysis. Only a few studies so far have used character systems from the insect thorax for phylogenetics; the reasons for this might include a lack of common terminology or established homology for pterygote insect thorax musculature. Still, recent studies have proposed common terminology and hypotheses of homology, now allowing for an evaluation of thoracic morphological character systems among the groups of winged insects. Using X‐ray microtomography (μCT) we present a detailed study of the thorax musculature of Odonata as an important phylogenetic character system, with a matrix of 298 characters with 697 character states, including novel data from the thoracic anatomy of eight damselfly larvae. We also included additional Odonata, Ephemeroptera and Neoptera taxa from the literature and demonstrate the phylogenetic relevance of this character system by reproducing phylogenetic topologies of established relationships. We also compared high‐resolution data from Odonata larvae from our study and from recent literature with data from older literature in the adult Odonata. All major clades were successfully recovered, (e.g. Odonata, Epiprocta, Anisoptera and Zygoptera) with high node support, but obtained higher phylogenetic resolution with the larval data. The best phylogenetic resolution was achieved by combining the adult and larval characters. The taxon sampling and character matrix is the largest to date and underlines the potential relevance of the thorax musculature as an important phylogenetic character system.
The effect of different immunoprophylaxis regimens on post‐transplant cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in CMV‐seropositive liver transplant recipients
Authors: Low Chian Yong , Hosseini‐Moghaddam Seyed Mohammadmehdi , Rotstein Coleman , Renner Eberhard L. , Husain Shahid 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe effects of different immunoprophylaxis regimens on cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in liver transplant recipients (LTRs) have not been compared.MethodsIn a cohort, we studied 343 CMV‐seropositive recipient (R+) and 83 seronegative donor/recipient (D−/R−) consecutive LTRs from 2004 to 2007. Immunoprophylaxis regimens included steroid‐only, steroids plus rabbit anti‐thymocyte globulin (rATG), and steroids plus basiliximab. Logistic regression analysis, Cox proportional hazards regression model, and log‐rank test were performed for multivariate analysis as appropriate.ResultsIn total, 164 (39%), 69 (16%), and 193 (45%) patients received steroid‐only, basiliximab, and rATG immunoprophylaxis, respectively. CMV infection rates were 15.7% (54/343) in CMV R+ LTRs and 2.4% (2/83) in CMV R− LTRs. Among CMV R+ LTRs who received rATG, the use of at least 6 weeks of CMV prophylaxis reduced the rate of CMV infection from 24.4% (19/78) to 11.7% (9/77). In multivariate analysis, CMV R+ vs D−/R− (odds ratio [OR]=13.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.8‐97.2), rATG >3 mg/kg vs steroid‐only induction (OR=1.6, 95% CI: 1.1‐2.3), and CMV prophylaxis <6 weeks vs ≥6 weeks (OR=2.7, 95% CI: 1.2‐6.4) were independently associated with CMV infection. Subgroup analysis in CMV D−/R+ group who received rATG showed that ≥6 weeks of CMV prophylaxis significantly decreased the risk of CMV infection (OR=1.9, 95% CI: 1.1‐3.9; P=.03).ConclusionThe use of rATG immunoprophylaxis increases the risk of CMV infection in CMV‐seropositive LTRs, specifically in the CMV D−/R+ group. Prophylaxis with valganciclovir in this group for at least 6 weeks decreases the risk of CMV infection.
A case of Q fever after liver transplantation
Authors: Petty Lindsay A. , Te Helen S. , Pursell Kenneth 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCoxiella burnetii, the causative agent of Q fever, is a zoonosis that causes both acute and chronic disease in humans. Few cases have been reported in solid organ transplant recipients, and this case highlights the need to include Q fever in the differential diagnosis for fever of unknown origin in solid organ transplant hosts.
Prehospital parameters can help to predict coagulopathy and massive transfusion in trauma patients
Authors: David J.‐S. , Voiglio E.‐J. , Cesareo E. , Vassal O. , Decullier E. , Gueugniaud P.‐Y. , Peyrefitte S. , Tazarourte K. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of prehospital parameters, including vital signs and resuscitation (fluids, vasopressor), to predict trauma‐induced coagulopathy (TIC, fibrinogen <1·5 g/l or PTratio > 1·5 or platelet count <100 × 109/l), and a massive transfusion (MT, ≥10 RBC units within the first 24 h).MethodsFrom a trauma registry (2011–2015), in which patients are prospectively included, we retrospectively retrieved the heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), volume of prehospital fluids and administration of noradrenaline. We calculated the shock index (SI: HR/SBP), the MGAP prehospital triage score and the Injury Severity Score (ISS). We also identified patients who had positive criteria from the Resuscitation Outcome Consortium (ROC, SBP < 70 mmHg or SBP 70–90 and HR > 107 pulse/min). For these parameters, we drew a ROC curve and defined a cut‐off value to predict TIC or MT. The strength of association between prehospital parameters and TIC as well as MT was assessed using logistic regression, and cut‐off values were determined using ROC curves.ResultsAmong the 485 patients included in the study, TIC was observed in 112 patients (23%) and MT in 22 patients (5%). For the prediction of TIC, ISS had good accuracy (AUC: 0·844, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0·799–0·879), as did the volume of fluids (>1000 ml) given during prehospital care (AUC: 0·801, 95% CI: 0·752–0·842). For the prediction of MT, ISS had excellent accuracy (AUC: 0·932, 95% CI: 0·866–0·966), whereas good accuracy was found for SI (> 0·9; AUC: 0·859, 95% CI: 0·705–0·936), vasopressor administration (AUC: 0·828, 95% CI: 0·736–0·890) and fluids (>1000 ml; AUC: 0·811, 95% CI: 0·737–0·867). Vasopressor administration, ISS and SI were independent predictors of TIC and MT, whereas fluid volume and ROC criteria were independent predictor of TIC but not MT. No independent relationship was found between MGAP and TIC or MT.ConclusionsPrehospital parameters including the SI and resuscitation may help to better identify the severity of bleeding in trauma patients and the need for blood product administration at admission.
Sensory feedback from the urethra evokes state‐dependent lower urinary tract reflexes in rat
Authors: Danziger Zachary C. , Grill Warren M. 
Published: June 2017

Key points
The lower urinary tract is regulated by reflexes responsible for maintaining continence and producing efficient voiding.
It is unclear how sensory information from the bladder and urethra engages differential, state‐dependent reflexes to either maintain continence or promote voiding.
Using a new in vivo experimental approach, we quantified how sensory information from the bladder and urethra are integrated to switch reflex responses to urethral sensory feedback from maintaining continence to producing voiding.
The results demonstrate how sensory information regulates state‐dependent reflexes in the lower urinary tract and contribute to our understanding of the pathophysiology of urinary retention and incontinence where sensory feedback may engage these reflexes inappropriately.
AbstractLower urinary tract reflexes are mediated by peripheral afferents from the bladder (primarily in the pelvic nerve) and the urethra (in the pudendal and pelvic nerves) to maintain continence or initiate micturition. If fluid enters the urethra at low bladder volumes, reflexes relax the bladder and evoke external urethral sphincter (EUS) contraction (guarding reflex) to maintain continence. Conversely, urethral flow at high bladder volumes, excites the bladder (micturition reflex) and relaxes the EUS (augmenting reflex). We conducted measurements in a urethane‐anaesthetized in vivo rat preparation to characterize systematically the reflexes evoked by fluid flow through the urethra. We used a novel preparation to manipulate sensory feedback from the bladder and urethra independently by controlling bladder volume and urethral flow. We found a distinct bladder volume threshold (74% of bladder capacity) above which flow‐evoked bladder contractions were 252% larger and evoked phasic EUS activation 2.6 times as often as responses below threshold, clearly demonstrating a discrete transition between continence (guarding) and micturition (augmenting) reflexes. Below this threshold urethral flow evoked tonic EUS activity, indicative of the guarding reflex, that was proportional to the urethral flow rate. These results demonstrate the complementary roles of sensory feedback from the bladder and urethra in regulating reflexes in the lower urinary tract that depend on the state of the bladder. Understanding the neural control of functional reflexes and how they are mediated by sensory information in the bladder and urethra will open new opportunities, especially in neuromodulation, to treat pathologies of the lower urinary tract.