bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats: A Feasible Animal Model for Ocular Ischemic Syndrome
Authors: Wang Yacong , Fan Yuhua , Zhang Lihong , Wang Yi‐Xiang J. , Qi Wei , Liang Willmann , Wang Chunmei , T.W. Yew David , Ye Cunxi , Sha Ou 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of inducing ocular ischemic syndrome in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertensive and normotensive Wistar–Kyoto rats had bilateral occlusion or sham surgery. They were divided into 4 groups: (1) hypertensive‐ischemia, (2) hypertensive‐sham, (3) normotensive‐ischemia, and (4) normotensive‐sham. Four months after the operation, the global changes of the eye and pupillary light reflex were assessed. Then each rat was perfused, and randomly one of the bulbuses oculi was prepared as retinal flat mounts for investigation of vascular changes. The opposite eyeball was prepared as a paraffin section for observation of the linear density of retinal ganglion cells and for thickness measurement. One hypertensive‐ischemia rat had a cataract in one eye and another rat in the same group had bulbus oculi collapse in one eye. The light reflex disappeared in 13.33% of hypertensive‐ischemia rats, and the rest of the hypertensive‐ischemia rats and normotensive‐ischemia rats had slow reflex. Compared with the respective controls, the peripheral retinal vascular network in hypertensive‐ischemia and normotensive‐ischemia rats was sparse; linear density of the retinal ganglion cells was significantly reduced; and the retinal thickness was reduced. Compared with normotensive‐ischemia rats, the hypertensive‐ischemia rats demonstrated more severe changes. After bilateral common carotic artery occlusion, the eyes of hypertensive rats developed various pathological changes similar to those of ocular ischemic syndrome. In conclusion, an animal model for ocular ischemic syndrome can be created by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Anat Rec, 299:806–814, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Morphometric Correlates of the Ovary and Ovulatory Corpora in the Bowhead Whale, Balaena mysticetus
Authors: Tarpley Raymond J. , Hillmann Daniel J. , George John C. , Zeh Judith E. , Suydam Robert S. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTGross morphology and morphometry of the bowhead whale ovary, including ovulatory corpora, were investigated in 50 whales from the Chukchi and Beaufort seas off the coast of Alaska. Using the presence of ovarian corpora to define sexual maturity, 23 sexually immature whales (7.6–14.2 m total body length) and 27 sexually mature whales (14.2–17.7 m total body length) were identified. Ovary pair weights ranged from 0.38 to 2.45 kg and 2.92 to 12.02 kg for sexually immature and sexually mature whales, respectively. In sexually mature whales, corpora lutea (CLs) and/or large corpora albicantia (CAs) projected beyond ovary surfaces. CAs became increasingly less interruptive of the surface contour as they regressed, while remaining identifiable within transverse sections of the ovarian cortex. CLs formed large globular bodies, often with a central lumen, featuring golden parenchymas enfolded within radiating fibrous cords. CAs, sometimes vesicular, featured a dense fibrous core with outward fibrous projections through the former luteal tissue. CLs (never more than one per ovary pair) ranged from 6.7 to 15.0 cm in diameter in 13 whales. Fetuses were confirmed in nine of the 13 whales, with the associated CLs ranging from 8.3 to 15.0 cm in diameter. CLs from four whales where a fetus was not detected ranged from 6.7 to 10.6 cm in diameter. CA totals ranged from 0 to 22 for any single ovary, and from 1 to 41 for an ovary pair. CAs measured from 0.3 to 6.3 cm in diameter, and smaller corpora were more numerous, suggesting an accumulating record of ovulation. Neither the left nor the right ovary dominated in the production of corpora. Anat Rec, 299:769–797, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Micro‐photoluminescence of single living diatom cells
Authors: LeDuff Paul , Roesijadi Guritno , Rorrer Gregory L. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDiatoms are single‐celled microalgae that possess a nanostructured, porous biosilica shell called a frustule. This study characterized the micro‐photoluminescence (μ‐PL) emission of single living cells of the photosynthetic marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana in response to UV laser irradiation at 325 nm using a confocal Raman microscope. The photoluminescence (PL) spectrum had two primary peaks, one centered at 500–510 nm, which was attributed to the frustule biosilica, and a second peak at 680 nm, which was attributed to auto‐fluorescence of photosynthetic pigments. The portion of the μ‐PL emission spectrum associated with biosilica frustule in the single living diatom cell was similar to that from single biosilica frustules isolated from these diatom cells. The PL emission by the biosilica frustule in the living cell emerged only after cells were cultivated to silicon depletion. The discovery of the discovery of PL emission by the frustule biosilica within a single living diatom itself, not just its isolated frustule, opens up future possibilities for living biosensor applications, where the interaction of diatom cells with other molecules can be probed by μ‐PL spectroscopy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Possibility of using salivary ultra‐weak chemiluminescence as a biomarker for feelings of anxiety in hospital settings
Authors: Hiramatsu Mitsuo , Chida Kingo , Hashimoto Dai , Takamoto Hisayoshi , Honzawa Katsu , Okada Hiroyuki , Nakamura Kimitsugu , Takagi Kuniaki 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess whether a particular value of noninvasive salivary ultra‐weak chemiluminescence (UCL) could be used as a biomarker of psychological stress. Our study covered two groups. Group 1 comprised six healthy volunteers who stayed in a hospital for one night and group 2 comprised 15 patients with lung cancer and 24 patients with respiratory diseases other than lung cancer who were in hospital for an extended stay. First, we evaluated the UCL of saliva from six healthy volunteers before and after one night in hospital. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentrations were also measured. The integrated intensity value of UCL was correlated with the IgA concentration (correlation coefficient 0.90). Second, in the case of a long hospital stay, we found that the maximum salivary UCL intensities were higher in patients with lung cancer than in those with respiratory diseases other than lung cancer or in 28 healthy controls. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Review: The lord of the rings: Structure and mechanism of the sliding clamp loader
Authors: Kelch Brian A. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTSliding clamps are ring‐shaped polymerase processivity factors that act as master regulators of cellular replication by coordinating multiple functions on DNA to ensure faithful transmission of genetic and epigenetic information. Dedicated AAA+ ATPase machines called clamp loaders actively place clamps on DNA, thereby governing clamp function by controlling when and where clamps are used. Clamp loaders are also important model systems for understanding the basic principles of AAA+ mechanism and function. After nearly 30 years of study, the ATP‐dependent mechanism of opening and loading of clamps is now becoming clear. Here I review the structural and mechanistic aspects of the clamp loading process, as well as comment on questions that will be addressed by future studies. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 105: 532–546, 2016.
Composition and Chemical Variability of Ivoirian Polyalthia oliveri Leaf Oil
Authors: Ouattara Zana A. , Boti Jean Brice , Ahibo Coffy Antoine , Bekro Yves‐Alain , Casanova Joseph , Tomi Félix , Bighelli Ange 
Published: February 2016

The chemical composition of 45 essential oil samples isolated from the leaves of Polyalthia oliveri harvested in three Ivoirian forests was investigated by GC‐FID (retention indices measured on two columns of different polarities), and by 13C‐NMR, following a method developed in our laboratory. In total, 41 components were identified. The content of the main components varied drastically from sample to sample: (E)‐β‐caryophyllene (1.2 – 50.8%), α‐humulene (0.6 – 47.7%), isoguaiene (0 – 27.9%), alloaromadendrene (0 – 24.7%), germacrene B (0 – 18.3%), δ‐cadinene (0.4 – 19.3%), and β‐selinene (0.2 – 18.5%). The analysis of six oil samples selected in function of their chromatographic profiles is reported in detail. The 45 oil compositions were submitted to hierarchical cluster and principal components analysis, which allowed the distinction of three groups within the oil samples. The compositions of the oils from group I (15 samples) and II (12 samples) were dominated by (E)‐β‐caryophyllene and α‐humulene, respectively. Oil samples of group III (18 samples) needed to be partitioned into four subgroups III.1–III.4 whose compositions were dominated by alloaromadenrene, isoguaiene, germacrene B, and δ‐cadinene, respectively.
Composition and Chemical Variability of the Needle Oil from Pinus halepensis growing in Corsica
Authors: Nam Anne‐Marie , Tomi Félix , Gibernau Marc , Casanova Joseph , Bighelli Ange 
Published: February 2016

The composition of oil samples isolated from needles of Pinus halepensis growing in three locations in Corsica (Saleccia, Capo di Feno, and Tre Padule) has been investigated by combination of chromatographic (GC with retention indices) and spectroscopic (MS and 13C‐NMR) techniques. In total, 35 compounds that accounted for 77 – 100% of the whole composition have been identified. α‐Pinene, myrcene, and (E)‐β‐caryophyllene were the major component followed by α‐humulene and 2‐phenylethyl isovalerate. Various diterpenes have been identified as minor components. 47 Oil samples isolated from pine needles have been analyzed and were differentiated in two groups. Oil samples of the first group (15 samples) contained myrcene (M = 28.1 g/100 g; SD = 10.6) and (E)‐β‐caryophyllene (M = 19.0 g/100 g; SD = 2.2) as major components and diterpenes were absent. All these oil samples were isolated from pine needles harvested in Saleccia. Oil samples of the second group (32 samples) contained mostly (E)‐β‐caryophyllene (M = 28.7 g/100 g; SD = 7.9), α‐pinene (M = 12.3 g/100 g; SD = 3.6), and myrcene (M = 11.7 g/100 g; SD = 7.3). All these oil samples were isolated from pine needles harvested in Capo di Feno and Tre Padule.
Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil and Diethyl Ether Extract of Trinia glauca (L.) Dumort. (Apiaceae) and the Chemotaxonomic Significance of 5‐O‐Methylvisamminol
Authors: Radulović Niko S. , Đorđević Miljana R. , Dekić Milan S. , Blagojević Polina D. 
Published: February 2016

Analyses by GC, GC/MS, and NMR spectroscopy (1D‐ and 2D‐experiments) of the essential oil and Et2O extract of Trinia glauca (L.) Dumort. (Apiaceae) aerial parts allowed a successful identification of 220 constituents, in total. The major identified compounds of the essential oil were (Z)‐falcarinol (10.6%), bicyclogermacrene (8.0%), germacrene D (7.4%), δ‐cadinene (4.3%), and β‐caryophyllene (3.2%), whereas (Z)‐falcarinol (47.2%), nonacosane (7.4%), and 5‐O‐methylvisamminol (4.0%) were the dominant constituents of the extract of T. glauca. One significant difference between the compositions of the herein and the previously analyzed T. glauca essential oils (only two reports) was noted. (Z)‐Falcarinol was the major constituent in our case, whereas germacrene D (14.4 and 19.6%) was the major component of the previously studied oils. Possible explanations for this discrepancy were discussed. 5‐O‐Methylvisamminol, a (furo)chromone identified in the extract of T. glauca, has a limited occurrence in the plant kingdom and is a possible excellent chemotaxonomic marker (family and/or subfamily level) for Apiaceae.
A Genetically Encodable System for Sequence‐Specific Detection of RNAs in Two Colors
Authors: Kellermann Stefanie J. , Rentmeister Andrea 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMulticolor readout is an important feature of RNA detection techniques aiming at the investigation of RNA localization. Several detection methods have been developed, however they require either transfection of cells with the probe or prior tagging of the target RNA. We report a fully genetically encodable system for simultaneous detection of two RNAs by using green and yellow fluorescence based on tetramolecular fluorescence complementation (TetFC). To obtain yellow fluorescent protein (YFP), substitution T203Y was introduced into one of the three non‐fluorescent GFP fragments; this was fused to different variants of the Homo sapiens Pumilio homology domain. Using different sets of fusion proteins we were able to discriminate between two closely related target RNAs based on the fluorescence signals at the respective wavelengths.
Direct Synthesis of TiO2‐Supported MoS2 Nanoparticles by Reductive Coprecipitation
Authors: van Haandel Lennart , Geus John W. , Weber Thomas 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMolybdenum disulfide nanoparticles supported on titania were synthesized from aqueous solutions containing Ti and Mo precursor salts by an in situ redox reaction. The synthesis involves a redox process between Ti3+ and MoS42−, which proceeds readily under mild conditions in aqueous solution. Catalysts were made in a single step, yielding amorphous catalysts with high Mo content, or in two steps to obtain MoS2 supported on well‐defined TiO2 with lower Mo content. Catalysts obtained by single‐step reductive coprecipitation were highly active in the hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene, exceeding the activity of an alumina‐supported Co–Mo reference. In contrast to alumina‐supported catalysts, the addition of Co as promoter did not enhance the catalytic activity of MoS2/TiO2 to the same extent (+30 %) as for alumina‐supported Co–Mo catalysts. Instead, a change in selectivity towards hydrogenolysis products at the expense of hydrogenation products was observed. It is suggested that Ti may act as a promoter for MoS2 in hydrogenation reactions.
Influence of the Interaction between a Tin Catalyst and an Accelerator on the Formose‐Inspired Synthesis of α‐Hydroxy‐γ‐butyrolactone
Authors: Yamaguchi Sho , Matsuo Takeaki , Motokura Ken , Miyaji Akimitsu , Baba Toshihide 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn this study, we focused on the tin‐catalyzed transformation of formaldehyde into α‐hydroxy‐γ‐butyrolactone (HBL) in the presence of an α‐hydroxy carbonyl compound as the accelerator. The screening of various accelerators aided in clarifying the structural prerequisites of the accelerator for the formose‐inspired synthesis of HBL. To investigate the influence of the interactions between the tin metal and the accelerator on the catalytic activity, we performed a deuterium‐exchange experiment with α‐hydroxyacetophenone followed by in situ 119Sn NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray absorption fine structure measurements. On the basis of the experimental results, we proposed a reaction mechanism to obtain HBL.
Visible‐Light‐Mediated Aromatic Substitution Reactions of Cyanoarenes with 4‐Alkyl‐1,4‐dihydropyridines through Double Carbon–Carbon Bond Cleavage
Authors: Nakajima Kazunari , Nojima Sunao , Sakata Ken , Nishibayashi Yoshiaki 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe front cover artwork for Issue 06/2016 is provided by a collaboration between the Nishibayashi group at the University of Tokyo (Japan) and the Sakata group at Hoshi University (Japan). The image shows a photocatalyst, depicted as a luminescent jellyfish, that can cleave two distinct carbon−carbon bonds to form a new carbon−carbon bond. See the Communication itself at https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201600037.
Redox‐Pair‐Defined Electrochemical Measurements: Biamperometric Setup for Elimination of Interferent Effects and for Sensing of Unstable Redox Systems
Authors: Lacina Karel , Vanýsek Petr , Bednář Petr , Trnková Libuše , Skládal Petr 
Published: February 2016

AbstractRoutine, large‐scale monitoring, such as point‐of‐care systems, requires inexpensive and simple analytical schemes. An electroanalytical concept of biamperometry for such sensing systems has been overlooked due to widespread potentiostat‐controlled experiments. Herein, biamperometry is introduced as a powerful tool. In particular, its ability to eliminate electrochemical interference is highlighted for a case study on employing [Fe(CN)6]4−/[Fe(CN)6]3−, aminoferrocene (Fe2+)/[Ru(NH3)6]3+, and ascorbic acid as two redox pairs and one interfering compound, respectively. A specific signal 15 times higher than that of an unspecific signal is observed, even under unfavorable conditions such as a 1:5 molar ratio of specific‐to‐interfering redox entities. This system is successfully used to determine glucose in blood plasma. A further promising usage of biamperometry is illustrated by the study of an unstable redox system: the oxygen‐dependent oxidation of [Ru(NH3)6]2+ in an aqueous environment.
Re‐evaluating the role of the Mahalanobis distance measure
Authors: Brereton Richard G. , Lloyd Gavin R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIt is shown that the sum of squares of the standardised scores of all non‐zero principal components (PCs) equals the squared Mahalanobis distance. A new distance measure, the reduced Mahalanobis distance, is explored in which the number of PCs retained is less than the full rank model. It is illustrated by both one‐class and two‐class classifiers. Linear discriminant analysis can be employed as a soft model, and principal component analysis using the pooled variance‐covariance matrix is introduced as an intermediate view between conjoint and disjoint models allowing linear discriminant analysis to be used on these reduced rank models. By choosing the most discriminatory PCs, it can be shown that the reduced Mahalanobis distance has superior performance over the full rank model for discriminating via soft models. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The First Experimentally Confirmed Isolated Pentagon Rule (IPR) Isomers of Higher Fullerene C98 Captured as Chlorides, C98(248)Cl22 and C98(116)Cl20
Authors: Wang Song , Yang Shangfeng , Kemnitz Erhard , Troyanov Sergey I. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractHigh‐temperature chlorination of pristine C98 fullerene isomers separated by HPLC from the fullerene soot afforded crystals of C98Cl22 and C98Cl20. An X‐ray structure elucidation revealed, respectively, the presence of carbon cages of the most stable C2‐C98(248) and rather unstable C1‐C98(116), which represent the first isolated pentagon rule (IPR) isomers of fullerene C98 confirmed experimentally. The chlorination patterns of the chlorides are discussed in terms of the formation of isolated C=C bonds and aromatic substructures on the fullerene cages.
Structural Analysis and Inclusion Mechanism of Native and Permethylated α‐Cyclodextrin‐Based Rotaxanes Containing Alkylene Axles
Authors: Akae Yosuke , Koyama Yasuhito , Sogawa Hiromitsu , Hayashi Yoshihiro , Kawauchi Susumu , Kuwata Shigeki , Takata Toshikazu 
Published: February 2016

AbstractNative α‐cyclodextrin‐ (α‐CD) and permethylated α‐CD (PMeCD)‐based rotaxanes with various short alkylene chains as axles can be synthesized through a urea end‐capping method. Native α‐CD tends to form [3]‐ or [5]pseudorotaxanes and not [2]‐ or [4]pseudorotaxanes, which indicates that the coupled CDs act as a single fragment. End‐capping reactions of the pseudorotaxanes with C18 and C24 axle lengths do not occur because the axle termini are covered by the densely stacked CDs. The number of PMeCDs on the pseudorotaxane is flexible and mainly depends on the axle length. Peracetylated α‐CD (PAcCD)‐based rotaxanes are synthesized through O‐acetylation of the α‐CD‐based rotaxanes without any decomposition of the rotaxanated structures. The structures of PMeCD‐based [3]‐ and [4]rotaxanes, and the molecular dynamics calculations on [3]pseudorotaxanes, indicate that the tail face of PMeCDs is regularly directed toward the axle termini. On the basis of the results obtained, it can be concluded that the directions and numbers of CDs in rotaxanes containing short alkylene chains depend on 1) the interactions between CDs, 2) the length of the alkylene axle, and 3) the interactions between the axle end and tail face of the CD.
Hydrophobic End‐Modulated Amino‐Acid‐Based Neutral Hydrogelators: Structure‐Specific Inclusion of Carbon Nanomaterials
Authors: Choudhury Pritam , Mandal Deep , Brahmachari Sayanti , Das Prasanta Kumar 
Published: February 2016

AbstractHydrophobic end‐modulated l‐phenylalanine‐containing triethylene glycol monomethyl ether tagged neutral hydrogelators (1–4) are developed. Investigations determine the gelators’ structure‐dependent inclusion of carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) in the self‐assembled fibrillar network (SAFIN). The gelators (1, 3, and 4) can immobilize water and aqueous buffer (pH 3–7) with a minimum gelator concentration of 10–15 mg mL−1. The hydrophobic parts of the gelators are varied from a long chain (C‐16) to an extended aromatic pyrenyl moiety, and their abilities to integrate 1 D and 2 D allotropes of carbon (i.e., single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and graphene oxide (GO), respectively) within the gel are investigated. Gelator 1, containing a long alkyl chain (C‐16), can include SWNTs, whereas the pyrene‐containing 4 can include both SWNTs and GO. Gelator 3 fails to incorporate SWNTs or GO owing to its slow rate of gelation and possibly a mismatch between the aggregated structure and CNMs. The involvement of various forces in self‐aggregated gelation and physicochemical changes occurring through CNM inclusion are examined by spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The distinctive pattern of self‐assembly of gelators 1 and 4 through J‐ and H‐type aggregation might facilitate the structure‐specific CNM inclusion. Inclusion of SWNTs/GO within the hydrogel matrix results in a reinforcement in mechanical stiffness of the composites compared with that of the native hydrogels.
Nature of the XeVI−N Bonds in F6XeNCCH3and F6Xe(NCCH3)2and the Stereochemical Activity of Their Xenon Valence Electron Lone Pairs
Authors: Haner Jamie , Matsumoto Kazuhiko , Mercier Hélène P. A. , Schrobilgen Gary J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe recently reported syntheses and X‐ray crystal structures of the highly endothermic compounds F6XeNCCH3and F6Xe(NCCH3)2⋅CH3CN provide the first, albeit weakly covalent, XeVI−N bonds. The XeF6unit of F6XeNCCH3possesses distorted octahedral (C3v) symmetry similar to gas‐phase XeF6, whereas the XeF6unit of F6Xe(NCCH3)2⋅CH3CN possessesC2vsymmetry. Herein, the natural bond orbital (NBO), atoms in molecules (AIM), electron localization function (ELF), and molecular electrostatic potential surface (MEPS) analyses show that the Xe valence electron lone pairs (VELPs) of both compounds are stereochemically active. The Xe VELPS are diffuse and ineffectively screen their Xe cores so that the Xe VELP positions correspond to the most electrophilic regions of the MEPS, which enables the opposing N VELP of CH3CN to coordinate to this region. These bonds are predominantly electrostatic in nature and are interpreted as σ‐hole interactions.