bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meningitis in late onset sepsis
Authors: Arora Vivek , Sharma Lalit Mohan , Jangid Dinesh , Choudhary Vijay , Bairwa Ram Prakash , Singla Sanjay 
Published: April 2017

Background: Neonatal sepsis contributes substantially to neonatal morbidity and mortality and is an ongoing major global public health challenge. In developed countries, this incidence of neonatal meningitis is 0.3 per 1000 live births. In developing countries, the reported incidence of neonatal meningitis is much higher at 0.8-6.1 per 1000 live births, with a mortality of 40-58%. So, this study was undertaken to estimate the incidence of meningitis in late onset sepsis.Methods: This study was conducted in out born NICU of R.N.T. Medical College, Udaipur (Raj.) from November 2016 to February 2017. All neonates between age 7 days to 28 days of life were included in the study. A sepsis screening and blood culture were sent for all neonates. All positive sepsis screen patients were taken for Lumber Puncture. CSF was examined with positive sepsis screen and high clinical suspicion of meningitis. CSF culture was sent for every patient. CT scan was done in patient with proven bacterial meningitis.Results: A total of 90 patients with suspected late onset sepsis were admitted. Most of the neonates were admitted with complain of temperature instability and poor feeding. Meningitis was observed in 55 out of 90 cases (61.11%). Out of 55 patients CSF culture was found positive in 70% cases. Most common organisms were E. coli in 50% cases, Klebsiella in 15% and Enterobactor in 10%. Mortality was around 45.5% (n=25).Conclusions: Neonatal meningitis is a major disease that results in death and significant mortality and morbidity in neonates.
Prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance test and diabetes in overweight, obese and apparently healthy school going adolescents
Authors: Choudhary Kirti , Mathur Priyanshu , Garg Manisha , Gupta P. P. 
Published: April 2017

Background: Adolescence is a period of transition from childhood to adulthood. It occupies a crucial position in the life of human beings characterized by an exceptionally rapid rate of growth in physical, mental, sexual, and psychological behavior etc. The present study was planned to study the prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance amongst overweight, obese and apparently healthy school going adolescents in the city of Jaipur, Rajasthan.Methods: The study has been conducted in the Department of Pediatrics of Mahatma Gandhi Medical College of Mahatma Gandhi University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Jaipur. The study was a cross sectional analytical study conducted in schools of Jaipur. This study was done from August 2011 to November 2011 and 180 patients of aged between 10 to 18 years of age were enrolled.Results: In this study, it was found that the prevalence of overweight to be 32.65 percent in males and 34.15 percent in females. It was seen that 33.67 percent males and 32.93 percent females belonged to the obese category. Out of 180 adolescents, 25 (13.89 percent) were found to have IGT and only 1 was found to have type 2 diabetes (0.5 percent). Out of 25 students with IGT, 15 were boys and 10 were girls. Among these 25 students with IGT, 9 were overweight and 16 were obese. 15 percent of overweight student and approximately 26 percent of obese students had IGT. The association of IGT and increased BMI was found to be highly significant.Conclusions: The present study highlights the fact that type 2 diabetes in children occurs in developing counties and there is an increase need to look for type 2 diabetes in overweight and obese children and adolescents in India. Therefore, it is recommended that all obese and overweight adolescents should be screened at least yearly for type 2 diabetes mellitus using OGTT so that timely intervention can be done.
Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among adults aged 25-64 years in a rural area of Thrissur in Kerala
Authors: Simon Catherine , C. R. Saju , Binu Jeffy 
Published: April 2017

Background: Lifestyle changes have fuelled the epidemic of obesity, diabetes, hypertension (HTN), dyslipidemia and cardiovascular diseases. Hypertension is a global public health problem Even though it can be controlled by early diagnosis, lifestyle modifications and adequate treatment; many remain unaware of their hypertension, especially in rural areas where not many studies have been done. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among adults in rural Kerala.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2011 to May 2012 in the rural field practice area of Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Thrissur. 423 adults, aged 25–64 years, were selected by multi-stage sampling. An interview was conducted using a pretested proforma and anthropometric measurements were recorded using standard guidelines. Diagnosis of hypertension was based on Joint National Committee (JNC) VII guidelines that included both new and previously diagnosed cases (on anti-hypertensive treatment) of hypertension (Systolic BP >140mmHg and/or Diastolic BP >90mmHg).Results: Among the 155 males and 268 females in this study, the prevalence of HTN was 43.3%, of which 98 (53.6%) were previously diagnosed hypertensives and 85 (46.4%) new HTN cases. In the multivariate analysis, the significant risk factors of HTN were age {Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR)=2.03, (95% CI=1.48-2.79), p=0.001}, male sex {AOR=3.65, (95% CI=1.55-8.62) p=0.001}, central obesity or waist-hip ratio {AOR=23.78,(95% CI =4.47-126.42), p=0.001}, sedentary lifestyle {AOR=2.96, (95% CI=1.48-5.90), p=0.001}, high salt intake {AOR=37.37,( 95% CI=18.04-77.45), p=0.001} and current smoking {AOR=3.25, (95% CI =1.15-9.24), p= 0.001}.Conclusions: In this study, the prevalence of hypertension was 43.3%. Pre-hypertension was found among 26.5% of the study population. The risk factors associated with HTN were male gender, increasing age, central obesity, sedentary lifestyle, excess salt intake and current smoking.
Titanium elastic nailing for paediatric femoral shaft fractures: a prospective descriptive study
Authors: . Santosha , Gulrez Shams 
Published: April 2017

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Femoral shaft fracture is the most common major paediatric orthopaedic fractures. For generations traction and casting was the standard treatment for all femoral shaft fractures in children. Over the past two decades the advantages of fixation and rapid mobilisation have been increasingly recognised. Aim: To assess the functional and clinical outcome after closed reduction and internal fixation with titanium elastic nail in diaphyseal femoral fractures between 5 to 16 years.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The study was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal, Manipur, from September 2013 to April 2015. Thirty children (20 boys and 10 girls) in the age group of 5 to 16 years with recent femoral diaphyseal fractures were stabilised by titanium elastic nails [TENS]. Results were evaluated according to Flynn’s scoring criteria.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> After 25 months of follow up all thirty patients were available for evaluation. Radiological union were achieved in a mean time of 11.5 weeks. Mean duration of hospital stay was 15.23 days. According to Flynn’s criteria of TENS outcome score results were excellent in 66.7% patients, Satisfactory in 30% patients, Poor in 3.3% patient. All patients had early return to school. Per operative technical problems included failure of closed reduction in 2 cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Titanium elastic nailing is an effective treatment in diaphyseal fractures of femur in properly selected patients. </p>
Management of infected non-union of lower limb long bone fractures using ilizarov technique: a study of outcomes
Authors: Pande Hrishikesh , Singh Chander Mohan , Prabhakara Anjan , Philip Vivek Mathew , Iqbal Mohd Shezan , Sharma Yogesh 
Published: April 2017

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Nonunion of long bone fractures is a common condition treated by an orthopaedic surgeon. Many nonunions can be treated effectively by internal fixation with or without bone grafting but, an infected nonunion can prove to be a tough challenge. The Ilizarov method is effective in managing infected nonunion of long bones. This study aims to assess the outcome of management of infected nonunions of long bones of lower limb with Ilizarov Ring fixator using bone and functional results as per Association for the Study and Application of Methods of Ilizarov (ASAMI) Scoring System.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> We retrospectively analysed 18 patients (16 Male: 2 Female; Mean age 43.2 years) managed with Ilizarov technique for an infected tibial or femoral nonunion between 01 January 2013 and 31 December 2014. They were followed up for an average of 25.4 months after removal of fixator. They were assessed for functional and Bone (radiological) outcomes using the Association for the Study and Application of Methods of Ilizarov (ASAMI) criteria.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> 17 limbs were salvaged and union could be achieved. One limb required amputation due to severe persistent intractable infection. None required any additional skeletal stabilisation after removal of fixator frame except casting in a few patients for a period of 6 weeks. Mean time to union was 211.83 days (range 136 - 320days/median 184) or 7.01 months. As per the ASAMI score, Bone results were excellent in 10, good in 5, fair in 2 and poor in 1. Functionally 7 were graded as excellent, 6 as good, 3 as fair and 1 as poor and 1 patient underwent amputation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The Ilizarov’s method remains one of the most versatile and successful means of achieving bone healing in infected nonunions of long bones of lower limbs with additional benefits of correcting bone defects, deformities and limb length inequalities. </p>
Clinical outcome of intra-articular hyaluronic acid injection for knee joint osteoarthritis: a prospective interventional study from a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Sudheer Urampath , Jayaprakash Chundarathil 
Published: April 2017

<p><strong>Background:</strong> The prevalence of knee osteoarthritis (OA) is estimated to be 14%<strong> </strong>and 6% in rural and<strong> </strong>urban areas of India, respectively. In severe cases, the American Academy of Orthopedics Surgeons recommends non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). A prospective interventional study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of intra-articlular hyaluronic acid injection (IAHA) in knee OA patients.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> Medical records of 29 patients with knee OA, who were treated with IAHA injection, were analyzed using a 24 item WOMAC scale for the pain, stiffness, and physical function scores. Furthermore, the patients’ quality of life was evaluated based on the SF-12 scale and a global status assessment of knee OA was performed using the Likert scale and visual analogue scale (VAS). The data were analysed statistically.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The overall WOMAC pain, stiffness, and physical function scores decreased following the IAHA administration in patients with knee OA. The mean pain scores decreased from 10.82 to 3.62 and stiffness scores dropped from 4.34 to 2.03. The mean physical function scores decreased from 36.75 to 17.1 (p&lt;0.0001). The Likert scale and VAS demonstrated statistically significant (P &lt; 0.0001) improvement in the patient’s health status. Overall, nearly 80% of the patients expressed little-to-none physical or emotional problems four weeks after IAHA treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A single IAHA injection provided statistically significant improvement in pain, disability, and quality of life in knee OA patients. </p>
Czy zawsze po uzyskaniu informacji o możliwości popełnienia przestępstwa, należy wszczynać karne postępowanie sądowe, lub administracyjne, dla realizacji sankcji karnej?
Authors: JAKUBIAK TOMASZ 
Published: April 2017

Życie dostarcza wielu sytuacji, w których sprawą publiczną jest fakt naruszenia przez wiernego ustawy karnej, do której została dołączona obligatoryjna sankcja karna. W związku z tym konieczne staje się ustalenie, czy zawsze po uzyskaniu informacji o możliwości popełnienia przestępstwa, za które ustawodawca przewiduje obligatoryjne wymierzenie kary (albo karę latae sententiae) należy wszczynać karne postępowanie sądowe – lub administracyjne – dla realizacji sankcji karnej? Aby odpowiedzieć na to pytanie, autor artykułu analizując cele kary kościelnej ukazuje, że intencją ustawodawcy jest, by stosowanie kar w Kościele było zjawiskiem rzadkim. Zanim przystąpi się do ukarania przestępcy, należy wyczerpać wszelkie inne środki natury duszpasterskiej, czy prawnej. Dzieje się tak dlatego, że cała działalność Kościoła powinna być podporządkowana najwyższej zasadzie wyrażonej w ostatnim kanonie Kodeksu prawa kanonicznego. Według niej, zbawienie dusz winno być zawsze w Kościele najwyższym prawem (por. kan. 1752 KPK). W realizacji tego celu – jakim jest zbawienie dusz – muszą uczestniczyć wszyscy, którzy działają w imieniu Kościoła.Ordynariusz – odpowiedzialny za karność kościelną w powierzonej mu wspólnocie – musi być rzecznikiem prawa kościelnego pojętego teologicznie, a nie tylko formalnie. Nawet decyzja o wszczęciu postępowania karnego na drodze procesowej lub administracyjnej ma pomóc oskarżonemu wejść na drogę zbawienia. Podejmując decyzję o odstąpieniu od drogi procesu karnego, należy jednak pamiętać, że środki pozakarne mogą okazać się niewystarczające, jeśli za karą przemawia ciężar przestępstwa oraz zasada słuszności i sprawiedliwości, rozpatrzona w kontekście potrzeby społecznej.Na to, że dany czyn nie będzie ukarany na drodze postępowania procesu karnego bądź administracyjnego – może wpłynąć również fakt przedawnienia skargi karnej.
Applicability of the Moyers' Probability Tables in Adolescents with Different Facial Biotypes
Authors: Carrillo Jorge J. Pavani , Rubial Maria C. , Albornoz Cristina , Villalba Silvina , Damiani Patricia , de Cravero Marta Rugani 
Published: April 2017

Introduction:The Moyers’ probability tables are used in mixed dentition analysis to estimate the extent of space required for the alignment of canines and premolars, by correlating the mesiodistal size of lower incisors with the size of permanent canines and premolars.Objective:This study intended to evaluate the applicability of the Moyer's probability tables for predicting the mesiodistal space needed for the correct location of premolars and permanent canines non-erupted, in adolescents of the city of Cordoba, Argentina, who show different facial biotypes.Materials and Methods:Models and tele-radiographies of 478 adolescents of both genders from 10 to 15 years of age were analyzed. The tele-radiographies were measured manually in order to determine the facial biotype. The models were scanned with a gauged scanner (HP 3670) and measured by using Image Pro Plus 4.5 software.Results:According to this study, the comparison between the Moyer´s probability table, and the table created at the National University of Córdoba (UNC) (at 95%, 75%, and 50%) shows that, in both tables, a higher value of mesiodistal width of lower incisors corresponds to a bigger difference in the space needed for permanent canines and premolars; being the need for space for permanents canines and premolars bigger in the UNC´s table. On the other hand, when contrasting the values of mesiodistal space for permanent canines and premolars associated with each facial biotype, the discrepancies between groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05). However, we found differences in the size of the space required according to the mesiodistal width range of the lower incisors for each biotype:a) The comparison of lower-range values, with a mesialdistal width of lower incisors less than 22 mm, the space required for permanent canines and premolars resulted smaller in patients with dolichofacial biotype than in patients with mesofacial and braquifacial biotypes. The latter biotypes have meager differences between them.b) The comparison of mid-range values, with a mesialdistal width of lower incisors from 22 to 25 millimeters, shows that the values of required alignment space are similar in the three facial biotypes.c) Finally, the comparison of upper range values, with a mesialdistal width of lower incisors greater than 25 millimeters, indicates that the space required for dolichofacial biotypes tends to be higher than in mesofacial and brachyfacial biotypes.Conclusion:The Moyer´s probability tables should be created to meet the needs of the population under study, with no consideration of patients’ facial biotypes.
Experiencing Peace Through Heart-Based Meditation on The Self
Authors: Lindhard Tina 
Published: April 2017

Background:This paper is based on the results obtained from a research program which showed that training in the heart-based Intuitive Meditation (IM) method brought about a significant shift towards more feeling based consciousness. This data was obtained from a pre-post test design measuring changes in scores on the Feeling Consciousness Scale (FCS). The post-test scale also included several open-ended questions.Objectives:Among other aims, the objectives of the present paper are to compare the traits obtained from the open questions to the scale items in order to refine the scale where necessary and to learn more about the quality of feeling-based consciousness; for instance, to compare the scale item “I feel peace inside” with the open answers.Method:The method consisted of a comparison of answers from the open questions with the scale items.Results:An overlap was found between many of the scale items and traits derived from the open answers. The scale item “I feel peace inside” and the open answers of 36% of the participants suggest that peace might be an inner experience related to feeling.Conclusion:The comparison throws more light on the quality of the inner experience of participants after learning IM. It also suggests that peace is an inner experience related to feeling. This has many implications, especially for people who try to create or impose peace on others through military or forceful means. As the sample size was small, further research is suggested, especially with respect to possible gender differences.
Multi‐Response Optimization of Process Parameters for Imidacloprid Removal by Reverse Osmosis Using Taguchi Design
Authors: Genç Nevim , Doğan Esra Can , Narcı Ali Oğuzhan , Bican Emine 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT: In this study, a multi‐response optimization method using Taguchi's robust design approach is proposed for imidacloprid removal by reverse osmosis. Tests were conducted with different membrane type (BW30, LFC‐3, CPA‐3), transmembrane pressure (TMP = 20, 25, 30 bar), volume reduction factor (VRF = 2, 3, 4), and pH (3, 7, 11). Quality and quantity of permeate are optimized with the multi‐response characteristics of the total dissolved solid (TDS), conductivity, imidacloprid, and total organic carbon (TOC) rejection ratios and flux of permeate. The optimized conditions were determined as membrane type of BW30, TMP 30 bar, VRF 3, and pH 11. Under these conditions, TDS, conductivity, imidacloprid, and TOC rejections and permeate flux were 97.50 97.41, 97.80, 98.00% and 30.60 L/m2·h, respectively. Membrane type was obtained as the most effective factor; its contribution is 64%. The difference between the predicted and observed value of multi‐response signal/noise (MRSN) is within the confidence interval.
Implications of Using Different Water Sources When Hydrologically Compacting Bioretention Columns
Authors: Stahnke Clayton A. , Poor Cara J. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT: Many investigators have conducted research on bioretention systems both in the laboratory and field. There is little consensus on which sources of water are best suited to hydrologically compact bioretention columns. Water with low ionic strength can leach ions from soil media, resulting in a different soil chemistry environment than would be found in typical bioretention applications. Soil columns were hydrologically compacted with three different water sources often used in column studies: deionized water, tap water, and rain water. Influent and effluent samples for each water source were measured for pH, conductivity, copper, zinc, and phosphate. On average, deionized water yielded larger percentage increases between influent and effluent for pH, conductivity, copper, and zinc, indicating that deionized water leaches out more ions from bioretention media than tap water or rain water. To maintain soil chemistry similar to the field, rain water or tap water should be used in column studies.
El concepto de justicia y su fundamento. Un análisis de los consensos en J. Rawls desde la perspectiva del nuevo derecho natural en Carlos Massini
Authors: Castaño Bedoya Alejandro 
Published: April 2017

La reflexión sobre los fundamentos de la teoría de la justicia en el debate contemporáneo implica la determinación de los principios para definir los criterios materiales de lo justo. Esta definición de los criterios de justicia va de la mano del debate metodológico que abarca desde el intento de replicar la formulación de una ciencia empírica hasta la identificación de algunos de los antecedentes remotos en el análisis de la razón en Hume.Una de las explicaciones representativas de las teorías de la justicia es la de John Rawls, autor que propone una teoría pública de la justicia en una sociedad pluralista.La constatación de este hecho lleva al autor a postular la idea de que para llegar a lo justo requerimos de un procedimiento formal. Esta sería la manera para cumplir con la pretensión de garantizar la razonabilidad de esos principios a través de un consenso entrecruzado.Otro sector de la doctrina denominada el “nuevo derecho natural” interroga sobre la pertinencia de fundamentar los contenidos de la justicia. Esta vía de análisis se encuentra representada por el filósofo del derecho Carlos Massini, quien sostiene que la idea de los consensos en Rawls incurre en la denominada “falacia procedimentalista”.Igualmente, Massini destaca que la propuesta rawlsiana implica una escisión en las esferas de la vida de la persona. Esta división se observa en la ordenación social fruto de la asignación de las ideas del bien al ámbito privado y las concepciones sobre la justicia a la discusión pública. Toda esta propuesta de estructura social sobre el bien y sobre lo justo podría dejar en entredicho la capacidad de motivación de esos consensos para que los ciudadanos actúen con honestidad.
Estructura institucional de la discapacidad en el Estado colombiano
Authors: Parra Dussan Carlos 
Published: April 2017

El presente artículo plantea la necesidad de modificar la Estructura Institucional de la Discapacidad en Colombia, ajustándose a los nuevos modelos conceptuales que plantea la Convención sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad de Naciones Unidas.Este nuevo dibujo institucional propone la creación de la Consejería Presidencial de la Discapacidad, el Instituto Nacional de la Discapacidad, Observatorio Nacional de Discapacidad, el Fondo Nacional de la Discapacidad y la Procuraduría Delegada para la Discapacidad.