bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF ACETYLGLYCALS AND ACETYLPSEUDOGLYCALS WITH SODIUM SALT CATALYZED BY BORON TRIFLUORIDE
Authors: HEYNS K. , JA IN PARK JA IN PARK 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Glycale (I), (VI), (X) bzw. (XIII) reagieren mit dem Na‐Salz (II) unter BF3‐ätherat‐Katalyse zu den kettenverzweigten Desoxyhexenopyranosen (IIIa) und (IIIb) [daneben das Pseudoglucal (IV); die gleichen Produkte entstehen auch aus der Verbindung (V) (Ausbeuteangaben in mg)] bzw. (VIIa) und (VIIb) [daneben das Pseudorhamnal (VIII); Bildung der gleichen Produkte auch aus der Verbindung (IX) (Ausbeuteangaben in mg)] bzw. (XI) [daneben das Pseudogalactal (XII)] bzw. (XIV) [daneben das Pseudoxylal (XV)].
ChemInform Abstract: INVESTIGATION ON THE CHEMISTRY OF BERBANS, IV. SYNTHESIS OF HALOGEN CONTAINING DEPYRROLOYOHIMBONE DERIVATIVES WITH PG‐LIKE AND PG‐ANTAGONISTIC EFFECT
Authors: SZABO L. , TOTH I. , TOEKE L. , KOLONITS P. , SZANTAY CS. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Halogenierung von Despyrroloyohimbon‐Derivaten verschiedener Konstitution wie z.B. (I), (IV), (VII) und (X) wird untersucht, um brauchbare Intermediärprodukte zur Synthese von Despyrroloreserpinen zu gewinnen.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF C‐NUCLEOSIDES. 13. S‐TRIAZOLO(4,3‐A)‐ AND ‐(1,5‐A)PYRIDINE DERIVATIVES
Authors: HUYNH‐DINH T. , IGOLEN J. , MARQUET J. P. , BISAGNI E. , LHOSTE J. M. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract2‐Hydrazino‐pyridin (I) reagiert mit den Thioacetirnidaten (II) zu den Cyclisierungsprodukten (III).
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEOSIDES. 101. CONFORMATIONALLY RESTRICTED ANALOGS OF PYRIMIDINE NUCLEOSIDES. 1. SYNTHESIS OF 6,5′(S)‐ AND 6,5′(R)‐CYCLOURIDINE
Authors: OTTER B. A. , FALCO E. A. , FOX J. J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAus dem 5‐Acetoxy‐2′,3′‐isopropyliden‐uridin (Ia) entsteht der Aldehyd (Ib), der über das Imidazolidin‐Derivat (Ic) zum anhydro‐Nucleosid (IIa) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: TRANSFORMATIONS OF PENICILLINS‐ NEW METHODS OF FORMATION AND REACTIONS OF 6,6‐DISUBSTITUTED PENAMS AND 7,7‐DISUBSTITUTED CEPHEMS
Authors: BREMNER D. H. , CAMPBELL M. M. , JOHNSON G. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Reaktion der Penicillansäurederivate (II) mit dem Carbamat (Ia) in Acetonitril liefert die Äthoxyformamidoderivate (III), von denen (IIIa), (IIIc) bzw. (IIId) zu den entsprechenden Sulfonen (IV) oxidiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW FLASH EVAPORATION METHOD IMPROVES FILM PREPARATION
Authors: PLATAKIS N. S. , GATOS H. C. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMit einer neuentwikkelten Flashverdampfungsmethode, die die Hauptnachteile der herkömmlichen Methoden ausschaltet, werden bezüglich Struktur und chemischer Homogenität signifikant verbesserte Filme erhalten.
Pharmacokinetics of the Novel Nonsteroidal Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist Finerenone (BAY 94–8862) in Individuals With Renal Impairment
Authors: Heinig Roland , Kimmeskamp‐Kirschbaum Nina , Halabi Atef , Lentini Silvia 
Published: March 2016

AbstractFinerenone (BAY 94–8862) is a nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist in development for the treatment of diabetic kidney disease. This observational trial compared the pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of finerenone 10 mg (immediate‐release tablet) in adults with mild (creatinine clearance [CLCR] 50–80 mL/min; n = 8), moderate (CLCR 30 to < 50 mL/min; n = 8), or severe (CLCR < 30 mL/min; n = 9) renal impairment with those in adults with normal renal function (CLCR > 80 mL/min; n = 8) over 96 hours postdose. Exposure to finerenone was not affected by mild renal impairment. In participants with moderate or severe renal impairment, exposure to finerenone was increased compared with those with normal renal function (increase in area under the curve for unbound finerenone, 57.1% [outlier excluded] and 46.5%, respectively), with moderate to high interindividual variability. Renal impairment had no consistent effect on the maximum plasma concentration, Cmax (differences in Cmax for unbound finerenone of +12% and –7% with moderate [outlier excluded] and severe impairment vs normal renal function, respectively). Renal elimination of finerenone is minimal. However, changes in exposure may occur because of the effects of renal impairment on nonrenal routes of elimination.
Morphology of Imidazolium‐Based Ionic Liquids as Deposited by Vapor Deposition: Micro‐/Nanodroplets and Thin Films
Authors: Costa José C. S. , Mendes Adélio , Santos Luís M. N. B. F. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe morphology of micro‐ and nanodroplets and thin films of ionic liquids (ILs) prepared through physical vapor deposition is presented. The morphology of droplets deposited on indium‐tin‐oxide‐coated glass is presented for the extended 1‐alkyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([CnC1im][Ntf2]; n=1–8) series, and the results show the nanostructuration of ILs. The use of in‐vacuum energetic particles enhances/increases the nanodroplets mobility/coalescence mechanisms and can be a pathway to the fabrication of thin IL films.
Room‐Temperature Synthesis of Mesoporous Sn/SnO2 Composite as Anode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Tang Duihai , Huang Qingquan , Yi Ran , Dai Fang , Gordin Mikhail L. , Hu Shi , Chen Shuru , Yu Zhaoxin , Sohn Hiesang , Song Jiangxuan , Wang Donghai 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA mesoporous Sn/SnO2 composite has been synthesized by a self‐templating pore formation process at room temperature without any external templates. When evaluated as an anode for sodium‐ion batteries, the composite material exhibited stable performance and high Coulombic efficiency, in addition to excellent rate performance.
Securing Important Strigolactone Key Structures: Orobanchol and 5‐Deoxystrigol
Authors: Zwanenburg Binne , Regeling Henk , van Tilburg‐Joukema Colinda W. , van Oss Bram , Molenveld Peter , de Gelder René , Tinnemans Paul 
Published: March 2016

AbstractStrigolactones (SLs) constitute an important new class of plant hormones. Their isolation from natural resources, such as root exudates, is laborious and difficult. Therefore, synthetic SLs are needed to discover their (biological) properties. Such syntheses involve many steps. When repeating a published procedure for the synthesis of orobanchol, we noticed that the structure of the synthesized material was ambiguous. This structure was secured by means of X‐ray analysis. An essential step in the synthesis, namely an allylic oxidation of the ABC scaffold, was significantly improved by using Pd/C and tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (Corey's method). The second issue deals with the structure of the four stereoisomers of 5‐deoxystrigol. The stereochemistry of these compounds was based on the use of Welzel's empirical rules for CD spectra. By means of X‐ray analysis the stereochemistry of one of the stereoisomers was established unambiguously, thereby securing the configuration of all four isomers.
Polyphenols from halophytes and modified atmosphere packaging improve sensorial and biochemical markers of quality of common dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) fillets
Authors: Messina Concetta Maria , Bono Gioacchino , Arena Rosaria , Randazzo Mariano , Manuguerra Simona , Santulli Andrea 
Published: March 2016

AbstractQuality and shelf‐life of whole and filleted Coryphaena hippurus, stored with modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) and natural antioxidants from halophytes (HAL), were investigated. Fillets were divided into control, simply sealed in trays; MAP, preserved by modified atmosphere (45% CO2, 50% N2, 5% O2); and MAP‐HAL, pretreated with antioxidants and preserved by MAP. Whole and filleted fish were stored at −1 ± 0.5°C for 18 days. The quality of the samples was analyzed at the time of packaging and after 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 days. The MAP and MAP‐HAL groups maintained the best sensorial profile, pH, and drip loss with respect to the untreated fillets. Higher levels of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N) and oxidized proteins were observed in untreated samples with respect to the MAP and MAP‐HAL groups. The principle component analysis revealed a different quality profile for untreated and MAP‐treated fish.
Healthcare Coinsurance Elasticity Coefficient Estimation Using Monthly Cross‐sectional, Time‐series Claims Data
Authors: Scoggins John F. , Weinberg Daniel A. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTPublished estimates of the healthcare coinsurance elasticity coefficient have typically relied on annual observations of individual healthcare expenditures even though health plan membership and expenditures are traditionally reported in monthly units and several studies have stressed the need for demand models to recognize the episodic nature of healthcare. Summing individual healthcare expenditures into annual observations complicates two common challenges of statistical inference, heteroscedasticity, and regressor endogeneity. This paper estimates the elasticity coefficient using a monthly panel data model that addresses the heteroscedasticity and endogeneity problems with relative ease. Healthcare claims data from employees of King County, Washington, during 2005 to 2011 were used to estimate the mean point elasticity coefficient: −0.314 (0.015 standard error) to −0.145 (0.015 standard error) depending on model specification. These estimates bracket the −0.2 point estimate (range: −0.22 to −0.17) derived from the famous Rand Health Insurance Experiment. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Demographics and Business Cycle Volatility: A Spurious Relationship?
Authors: Everaert Gerdie , Vierke Hauke 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThis paper replicates the estimation results of three studies on the impact of the age composition of the labor force on business cycle volatility and investigates whether they signal a meaningful long‐run relationship. We show that both the volatile‐age labor force share variable and the business cycle volatility measure exhibit non‐stationary behavior but find no robust evidence of cointegration. Hence the estimation results reported in the literature may be spurious. This conclusion is further supported by the finding that the strong relationship (i) disappears when cross‐sectional dependence is accounted for using the CCEP estimator and (ii) is highly sensitive to small changes in the composition of the sample, to data revisions, and to the exact definition of the volatile‐age labor share. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cellular Hypoxia Promotes Heterotopic Ossification by Amplifying BMP Signaling
Authors: Wang Haitao , Lindborg Carter , Lounev Vitali , Kim Jung-Hoon , McCarrick-Walmsley Ruth , Xu Meiqi , Mangiavini Laura , Groppe Jay C , Shore Eileen M , Schipani Ernestina , Kaplan Frederick S , Pignolo Robert J 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Hypoxia and inflammation are implicated in the episodic induction of heterotopic endochondral ossification (HEO); however, the molecular mechanisms are unknown. HIF-1α integrates the cellular response to both hypoxia and inflammation and is a prime candidate for regulating HEO. We investigated the role of hypoxia and HIF-1α in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), the most catastrophic form of HEO in humans. We found that HIF-1α increases the intensity and duration of canonical bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling through Rabaptin 5 (RABEP1)-mediated retention of Activin A receptor, type I (ACVR1), a BMP receptor, in the endosomal compartment of hypoxic connective tissue progenitor cells from patients with FOP. We further show that early inflammatory FOP lesions in humans and in a mouse model are markedly hypoxic, and inhibition of HIF-1α by genetic or pharmacologic means restores canonical BMP signaling to normoxic levels in human FOP cells and profoundly reduces HEO in a constitutively active Acvr1Q207D/+ mouse model of FOP. Thus, an inflammation and cellular oxygen-sensing mechanism that modulates intracellular retention of a mutant BMP receptor determines, in part, its pathologic activity in FOP. Our study provides critical insight into a previously unrecognized role of HIF-1α in the hypoxic amplification of BMP signaling and in the episodic induction of HEO in FOP and further identifies HIF-1α as a therapeutic target for FOP and perhaps nongenetic forms of HEO. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Methane oxidation at the water‐ice interface of an ice‐covered lake
Authors: Ricão Canelhas Monica , Denfeld Blaize A. , Weyhenmeyer Gesa A. , Bastviken David , Bertilsson Stefan 
Published: March 2016

AbstractLakes are important components of the global methane (CH4) cycle. In seasonally ice‐covered lakes, CH4 transported by ebullition (bubbling) from anoxic sediments gets trapped at the water‐ice interface. If not oxidized by methane‐oxidizing bacteria (MOB), this can potentially lead to high episodic CH4 emissions at ice‐melt. To understand the fate of CH4 trapped below ice, we measured depth‐distributions of CH4 concentrations in the water column near bubbles trapped below ice in Lake Erken. We also performed a 21 d incubation experiment at low temperature (2.3 ± 0.2°C) to investigate the potential for CH4 oxidation. During most sampling occasions, we found steep CH4 concentration gradients just below the ice with a 13‐fold decrease from the surface to a depth of 20 cm. In vitro incubations revealed that CH4 oxidation can occur at low temperatures typical for the water‐ice interface. CH4 oxidation was observed as a significant decrease in CH4 concentration, a significant increase in stable isotope 13C signature, and an increase in MOB during the incubation. Thus, CH4 accumulating in the top 20 cm of the water column, fed by diffusion from CH4 in trapped bubbles, may fuel significant CH4 oxidation. Since northern latitude lakes can be ice‐covered for many months of the year and significant amounts of CH4 accumulate below the ice, the extent of CH4 oxidation under these low temperature‐conditions is important for understanding the potential CH4 emissions to the atmosphere during ice‐melt.
Polyphosphazene Based Star‐Branched and Dendritic Molecular Brushes
Authors: Henke Helena , Posch Sandra , Brüggemann Oliver , Teasdale Ian 
Published: March 2016

A new synthetic procedure is described for the preparation of poly(organo)phosphazenes with star‐branched and star dendritic molecular brush type structures, thus describing the first time it has been possible to prepare controlled, highly branched architectures for this type of polymer. Furthermore, as a result of the extremely high‐arm density generated by the phosphazene repeat unit, the second‐generation structures represent quite unique architectures for any type of polymer. Using two relativity straight forward iterative syntheses it is possible to prepare globular highly branched polymers with up to 30 000 functional end groups, while keeping relatively narrow polydispersities (1.2–1.6). Phosphine mediated polymerization of chlorophosphoranimine is first used to prepare three‐arm star polymers. Subsequent substitution with diphenylphosphine moieties gives poly(organo)phosphazenes to function as multifunctional macroinitiators for the growth of a second generation of polyphosphazene arms. Macrosubstitution with Jeffamine oligomers gives a series of large, water soluble branched macromolecules with high‐arm density and hydrodynamic diameters between 10 and 70 nm.
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Gamma knife radiosurgery in movement disorders: Indications and limitations
Authors: Higuchi Yoshinori , Matsuda Shinji , Serizawa Toru 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTFunctional radiosurgery has advanced steadily during the past half century since the development of the gamma knife technique for treating intractable cancer pain. Applications of radiosurgery for intracranial diseases have increased with a focus on understanding radiobiology. Currently, the use of gamma knife radiosurgery to ablate deep brain structures is not widespread because visualization of the functional targets remains difficult despite the increased availability of advanced neuroimaging technology. Moreover, most existing reports have a small sample size or are retrospective. However, increased experience with intraoperative neurophysiological evaluations in radiofrequency thalamotomy and deep brain stimulation supports anatomical and neurophysiological approaches to the ventralis intermedius nucleus. Two recent prospective studies have promoted the clinical application of functional radiosurgery for movement disorders. For example, unilateral gamma knife thalamotomy is a potential alternative to radiofrequency thalamotomy and deep brain stimulation techniques for intractable tremor patients with contraindications for surgery. Despite the promising efficacy of gamma knife thalamotomy, however, these studies did not include sufficient follow‐up to confirm long‐term effects. Herein, we review the radiobiology literature, various techniques, and the treatment efficacy of gamma knife radiosurgery for patients with movement disorders. Future research should focus on randomized controlled studies and long‐term effects. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Molecular mechanism leading to memory effect of mesomorphic isotactic polypropylene
Authors: Li Xiangyang , Liu Yanping , Tian Xingyou , Cui Kunpeng 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTIn this study, memory effect of mesomorphic isotactic polypropylene (iPP) was investigated using polarized optical microscope and small‐angle X‐ray scattering. Differing from classical memory effect, mesomorphic iPP melt had a higher growth rate and a higher memory temperature. The relative growth rate increased with increasing crystallization temperature. Lauritzen–Hoffman plots indicated that the increased growth rate arose from reduced surface nucleation barrier. The highest memory temperature was estimated to be 185 °C, which was close to the equilibrium melting point of iPP crystal. Additionally, Small‐angle X‐ray scattering measurements showed that a liquid crystal layer might exist between lamellar and amorphous layers. Based on above results, a crystallization model was proposed. In the mesomorphic iPP melt, there exist aggregates structurally similar to β phase except α‐phase crystal residuals, which cannot act as nucleation sites or transform to β crystal through surface nucleation. The only way for the aggregate is to transform to α crystal during crystal growth. The aggregate decreases the surface nucleation barrier and promotes the helical growth, leading to higher growth rate. Only when the aggregate relaxes to polymer coils through thickening at a higher temperature, can the memory effect be erased. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 1573–1580
New probabilistic risk assessment of ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate: Comparing the genotoxic effects of trans‐ and cis‐EHMC
Authors: Nečasová Anežka , Bányiová Katarína , Literák Jaromír , Čupr Pavel 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTEthylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC) is a widely used UV filter present in a large number of personal care products (PCPs). Under normal conditions, EHMC occurs in a mixture of two isomers: trans‐EHMC and cis‐EHMC in a ratio of 99:1. When exposed to sunlight, the trans isomer is transformed to the less stable cis isomer and the efficiency of the UV filter is reduced. To date, the toxicological effects of the cis‐EHMC isomer remain largely unknown. We developed a completely new method for preparing cis‐EHMC. An EHMC technical mixture was irradiated using a UV lamp and 98% pure cis‐EHMC was isolated from the irradiated solution using column chromatography. The genotoxic effects of the isolated cis‐EHMC isomer and the nonirradiated trans‐EHMC were subsequently measured using two bioassays (SOS chromotest and UmuC test). In the case of trans‐EHMC, significant genotoxicity was observed using both bioassays at the highest concentrations (0.5 ‐ 4 mg mL−1). In the case of cis‐EHMC, significant genotoxicity was only detected using the UmuC test at concentrations of 0.25 ‐ 1 mg mL−1. Based on these results, the NOEC was calculated for both cis‐ and trans‐EHMC, 0.038 and 0.064 mg mL−1, respectively. Risk assessment of dermal, oral and inhalation exposure to PCPs containing EHMC was carried out for a female population using probabilistic simulation and by using Quantitative in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (QIVIVE). The risk of cis‐EHMC was found to be ∼1.7 times greater than trans‐EHMC. In the case of cis‐EHMC, a hazard index of 1 was exceeded in the 92nd percentile. Based on the observed differences between the isomers, EHMC application in PCPs requires detailed reassessment. Further exploration of the toxicological effects and properties of cis‐EHMC is needed in order to correctly predict risks posed to humans and the environment. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 569–580, 2017.
Dynamic recrystallisation of ice aggregates during co-axial viscoplastic deformation: a numerical approach
Authors: LLORENS MARIA-GEMA , GRIERA ALBERT , BONS PAUL D. , ROESSIGER JENS , LEBENSOHN RICARDO , EVANS LYNN , WEIKUSAT ILKA 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTResults of numerical simulations of co-axial deformation of pure ice up to high-strain, combining full-field modelling with recrystallisation are presented. Grain size and lattice preferred orientation analysis and comparisons between simulations at different strain-rates show how recrystallisation has a major effect on the microstructure, developing larger and equi-dimensional grains, but a relatively minor effect on the development of a preferred orientation of c-axes. Although c-axis distributions do not vary much, recrystallisation appears to have a distinct effect on the relative activities of slip systems, activating the pyramidal slip system and affecting the distribution of a-axes. The simulations reveal that the survival probability of individual grains is strongly related to the initial grain size, but only weakly dependent on hard or soft orientations with respect to the flow field. Dynamic recrystallisation reduces initial hardening, which is followed by a steady state characteristic of pure-shear deformation.
Predicting the amount of urea nitrogen recycled and used for anabolism in growing cattle
Authors: EISEMANN J. H. , TEDESCHI L. O. 
Published: March 2016

SUMMARYIn ruminants, urea nitrogen (N) produced by the liver and recycled to the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) provides a source of N for microbial growth and also conserves N. In this respect, it buffers the dietary supply of N available for microbial growth and microbial protein supply. The equation for recycled N in the National Research Council's (NRC 1996, 2000) beef model is based on relationships between ruminal ammonia and plasma urea N concentrations. The objective of the current paper was to estimate recycled N available for anabolism (i.e., urea N used for anabolism, UUA) using available kinetic data. A meta-analysis was conducted using results reported in nine publications that measured urea N kinetics using the dual-labelled urea technique in growing cattle. Diets used in these experiments were predominantly forage-based. Urea production was linearly related to N intake (NI, g/day). Growing cattle converted 74·5% of the incremental NI to urea N. As NI increased, a smaller proportion of the urea produced was recycled to the GIT. On average, 54·4% of the urea N recycled to the GIT was used for anabolism; however, this percentage was not constant. As NI or dietary crude protein (CP) increased (g/kg dry matter, DM), proportionately less of the urea produced was used for anabolism. Nonlinear equations were developed to predict UUA based on NI or dietary CP in the current database and simulated at 5 or 10 kg of daily DM intake (DMI) over the same range of NI (g/day) and therefore, for diets differing in CP content (g/kg DM). The equation based on NI had a quadratic behaviour and the same estimated UUA for both levels of DMI. The equation based on CP showed a relatively small increase in UUA at low DMI and increased UUA at the higher DMI as NI increased. For both equations and both DMI, the pattern suggested a limit to use of recycled N for anabolism.