bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation on Factors Associated with Severe Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease
Authors: Yang Gui-lin , Liu Ying-xia , Fang Mu-tong , He Yan-xia , Nunnari John , Xie Jing-jing , Le Xiao-hua , Zhou Bo-ping 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Objective To analyze the clinical and laboratory features of patients with mild and severe HFMD to identify early predictive or diagnostic markers for severe cases.
Methods Samples of feces, nasopharyngeal-swab specimens, peripheral blood, serum and cerebral spinal fluid were collected. Postmortem pathological examination was conducted on 2 dead patients with complication due to neurogenic pulmonary edema. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain-reaction (RT-PCR), culture and isolation of enterovirus 71 (EV71) were performed to detect EV71 infection. Both univariate and multivariate logistic analysis were used to identify factors associated with severe cases.
Results EV71 was mainly responsible for HFMD. In this study, 5 isolated EV71 strains belonged to C4 gene subtype. Compared with mild patients, EV71-RNA detection rate was higher and CoxA16 detection rate was lower among severe patients (P < 0.01). Inflammatory cell infiltration in the lung, cardiac and liver tissues were mild by postmortem pathological examination. It was found that body temperature, vomitting, limb tremor, neutrophil, blood glucose and EV71 infection were significantly related to the severe cases by univariate logistic analysis. However, after multivariate logistic regression analysis, only vomiting (OR 16.1, CI 2.3-110.5, P < 0.01) and limb tremor (OR 117.6, CI 13.8-1004.5, P < 0.01) were significantly and independently correlated with the severe cases.
Conclusions EV71 was mainly responsible for HFMD, particularly for severe cases. Vomiting and limb tremor were predictive markers for severe cases.
Effects of Interleukin-18 and Anti-interleukin- 18-mAb on Experimental Immunological Liver Fibrosis Induced by Repeatedly Administered Concanavalin A and Its Mechanism
Authors: Tan You-wen , Wu Jian-cheng , Ye Yun , Chen Li , Pai Peng-li 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Objective To explore the prevention of IL-18 or anti-IL-18-mAb to the immune liver fibrosis model induced by repeated injection of concanavalin A in BALB/c mice and its mechanism.
Methods Total of 120 BALB/c mice were divided into four groups, control group mice (Ga) were injected weekly with normal saline, concanavalin A group was divided into Gb, Gc, Gd. All mice were injected with concanavalin A (15 mg/kg) once a week. Moreover, Gc, Gd mice were injected weekly with IL-18 (7.5 mg/kg) and anti-IL-18-mAb (10 mg/kg) 2 hours before treatment with concanavalin A, respectively. Twenty-four hours after concanavalin A challenge at 1, 5, 12 and 20 weeks, 3 mice were killed by vena orbitalis, repectively. The sera were storaged at 4° for detecting of up TNF-α and IFN-γ by ELISA. The liver of mice in different groups were excised and fixed in 10% formalin for HE staining and Masson staining or frozen in liquid nitrogen for immunohistochemical staining for α-SMA. After extracting of total RNA from liver tissue, MMP-2 and TIMP-1 Ａ messenger RNA were amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR). products were electrophoresed on agrose gel containing ethidium bromide and visualized under ultraviolet light. Densitometric RT-PCR data were standardized with β-actin signals.
Results After experiment, the number of dead mice of Ga, Gb, Gc and Gd were 0, 6, 15 and 3, respectively. There were significant difference on each group (P < 0.05). At the fifth week of experiment, hepatocellular necrosis in IL-18 administered group mice had become widespread throughout the lobule. Evidence of liver fibrosis was observed during this period. However, at the twelfth week of experimemt, bridging fibrosis and large fibrosis strip in the parenchyma with hepatocellular necrosis was detectable in Gb, but at twentieth week, only the small fibrosis strip had been found in anti-IL-18-mAb administered group mice by HE staining and Masson staining. The serum levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ in IL-18 administered group were higher than that in concanavalin A group and anti-IL-18 administered groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, immunohistochemical staining for α-SMA indicated that the semi-quantu scores in IL-18 administered group were more than concanavalin A group and anti-IL-18- mAb administered groups (P < 0.05). MMP-2-mRNA, TIMP-1- mRNA expression levels increased signifigantly compared with concanavalin A group and anti-IL-18-mAb administered group (P < 0.05).
Conclusions The immune liver fibrosis model induced by repeated injection of concanavalin A in BALB/c mice could be worsened by IL-18 administration and block by anti-IL-18 mAb administraion.
The Study of Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation
Authors: Chi Zhao-chun 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation after chemotherapy or immunosuppressive therapy is a cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality. Not all chronic hepatitis B patients will lead to HBV reactivation. The incidence is 0.3%- 30.2% according to the reports. The mechanism of HBV reactivation is still unclear, but it is believed that the viral load is increasing due to the suppression of immune response. No uniform diagnostic criteria are available. HBV reactivation can be confirmed by an increase of serum HBV DNA level. Recently, awareness of reactivation of occult HBV has been improved, especially in HBV endemic area. Preemptive antiviral therapy was the best approach to prevent the HBV reactivation. HBV reactivation can lead to acute hepatitis, severe hepatitis and acute liver failure. Therefore, it is worthy of great attention and further study. Antiviral therapy is safe and effective to prevent HBV reactivation.
Pride, shame and health among adolescents – a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Randell Eva , Joffer Junia , Flacking Renée , Starrin Bengt , Jerdén Lars 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Background
Pride and shame are important emotions known to influence identity development and psychological well-being in adolescence. Research evidence indicates that self-rated health (SRH) is a strong predictor of future health. This cross-sectional study, conducted during 2008–2009, aimed to investigate the associations between pride, shame and SRH among adolescent boys and girls.

Methods
The study sample comprised 705 adolescents in Sweden aged 17–18 years (318 boys and 387 girls) who completed a questionnaire that included items on SRH, shame and pride (participation rate 67%). Logistic regression analyses (univariable and multivariable) were used to investigate the associations between pride and shame as separate and combined constructs on SRH, adjusting for potential confounders (country of birth, parental educational level, school experience, having enough friends, mood in family and being active in associations).

Results
Pride and shame separately were significantly associated with SRH in both genders. Logistic regression analysis of the pride-shame model showed that the odds of having lower SRH were highest in boys and girls with lower pride-higher shame. In a multivariable logistic regression analysis of the pride-shame model the odds of having lower SRH remained significant in boys and girls with lower pride-higher shame [boys: odds ratio (OR) 3.51, confidence interval (CI) 1.40–8.81; girls: OR 2.70, CI 1.22–5.96] and in girls with lower pride-lower shame (OR 2.16, CI 1.02–4.56).

Conclusion
The emotions of shame and pride are associated with SRH in adolescence. Experiencing pride seems to serve as a protective mechanism in SRH in adolescents exposed to shame. We believe that this knowledge should be useful in adolescent health promotion.
Work related musculoskeletal disorders among adolescent girls and young women employees of textile industries in Tamil Nadu, India – a comparative study
Authors: Angeline Gnanaselvam Nancy , Bobby Joseph 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders are common in those employed in the textile industry. The aim of the study is to assess musculoskeletal disorders among adolescent girls who are current employees of textile industries in comparison with the adolescent girls and young women who are past employees of textile industries and adolescent girls who have never been employed in the textile industry.

Methodology
This is a cross-sectional study. A total of 321 subjects, 107 in each study group were sampled. Standardized nordic questionnaires (SNQ) was used to assess musculoskeletal symptoms.

Results
More than half of the current employees (67.28%) and past employees (67.28%) reported musculoskeletal pain. Among the never been employed, 18.69% reported musculoskeletal pain. Neck and shoulder were the most common sites of musculoskeletal pain among the current employees (49.5% and 50.5%, respectively) and the past employees (45.8% and 49.5%, respectively). In the regression model, having ever been diagnosed for anemia (AOR 6.57, 95% CI 1.4 to 30.76), working for more than 48 h in a week (AOR 3.37, 95% CI 1.53 to 7.41) and the presence of depression (AOR 6.6, 95% CI 1.48 to 29.36) were significantly associated with the presence of musculoskeletal pain in the study participants.

Conclusion
Musculoskeletal disorders are a major occupational health problem among the adolescent and young women employees of textile industries. Working hours should be fixed at 48 h per week and anemia and depression should be treated to avert the work related musculoskeletal disorders in the study population.
Association between perceived parental style and depressive symptoms among adolescents in Hulu Langat District, Malaysia
Authors: Ang Jin Kiat , Phang Cheng Kar , Mukhtar Firdaus , Osman Zubaidah Jamil , Awang Hamidin , Sidik Sherina Mohd , Ibrahim Normala , Ghaffar Siti Fatimah Ab 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Depression among adolescents is increasing and worrying because of its morbidity and mortality from suicide. It has been found to be associated with negative parental styles. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between perceived negative parental styles and depressive symptoms among adolescents in Hulu Langat District, Selangor, Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 1769 secondary school students by using a multistage cluster sampling method. Data were collected by using a set of validated, pre-tested and standardized questionnaires which included the Measures of Parental styles (MOPS) and modified Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale 12 (DASS-12) for adolescents. Data were analyzed by using the chi-square test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and independent t-tests. Out of 1800, 1769 completed the questionnaire giving a response rate of 98.3%. The prevalence of severe depressive symptoms was about 14% while 18.0% and 36.1% of respondents have moderate and mild depressive symptoms, respectively. There were significantly moderate and positive correlations between perceived indifferent parents (Father: r = 0.367; Mother: r = 0.340, p < 0.05), perceived abusive parents (Father: r = 0.338; Mother: r = 0.331, p < 0.05) and depressive symptoms among the respondents. While perceived over control parents shows a significantly positive but weak correlation (Father: r = 0.206; Mother: r = 0.244, p < 0.05) with depressive symptoms among respondents. All types of parental styles in this study were significantly different among respondents with different categories of depressive symptoms (p < 0.008). Perceived negative parental styles have significant influence on adolescents’ depressive symptoms. Intervention on modifying parental style is needed to reduce depressive symptoms.
Exercise intervention on cardiovascular disease risk factors in a university population in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Dalibalta Sarah , Mirshafiei Fatemeh , Davison Gareth 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Objective
1) To assess the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in a university population, and 2) to investigate the effects of an 8-week exercise intervention on CVD risk factors.

Methods
Forty-six students participated in this study. Baseline cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed using maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max). Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and triglycerides were measured. Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip circumference ratio (WHR), blood pressure (BP) and arterial stiffness were also assessed. Participants performed 8weeks of exercise consisting of 60 min of moderate-high intensity exercise three times a week, and all parameters were repeated following the 8-week program.

Results
Participants were divided into an apparently healthy control group (BMI < 25 kg/m2) and an overweight/obese experimental group (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). Both groups had low cardiorespiratory fitness and clear evidence of risk for CVD. Following the 8-week program, participants demonstrated significant improvement in biochemical parameters and in overall fitness (p < 0.05). WHRs decreased whilst peak oxygen volumes increased when comparing baseline and post-exercise values (p < 0.05). BMI decreased in both groups following exercise (p < 0.05). Systolic BP was surprisingly elevated in nearly 30% of participants, but was comparatively lower in the control group (p < 0.05). There was a clear increase in HDL-cholesterol values post-intervention (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Early detection of CVD risk factors, particularly in a young population, can lead to earlier prevention of disease through lifestyle changes. Moreover, short-term exercise can have important effects on reducing CVD risk factors, improving body composition and overall cardiorespiratory fitness.
New Connection of DFIG Wind Turbines to the Grid to Minimize Converter Number
Authors: Khattara A. , Becherif M. , Tabanjat A. , Aboubou A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe Doubly Fed Induction Generator DFIG wind turbines are the most chosen for the grid connection thanks to its dynamic, but the disconnection of these wind turbines during line fault to protect its converters don’t conform the new grid codes which prohibit disconnection of wind turbine during line fault, and recommend them to contribute in grid stability. This paper proposes a new model of DFIG wind turbine connection between them, where the number of converters in grid side is reduced and the connection of wind turbines in parallel to the grid is transformed to series-parallel connection, the aim of this new model of connection are to reduce the converters number in the grid side, limit current transient in converters, double the voltage, and reduce the investment cost. The total power generated by the farm before this new connection will be kept unchanged thanks to the installed switch in the model, a fuzzy logic program is developed to control switches.
Non-similarity Solutions for Viscous Dissipation and Soret Effects in Micropolar Fluid over a Truncated Cone with Convective Boundary Condition: Spectral Quasilinearization Approach
Authors: RamReddy Chetteti , Pradeepa Teegala 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This article emphasizes the influence of convective boundary condition on mixed convection flow of a micropolar fluid over a truncated cone with Soret and viscous dissipation effects. The governing micropolar fluid flow equations are non-dimensionalized using suitable non-similarity transformations. Several authors have applied the spectral quasilinearization method to solve the ordinary differential equations, but here the resulting nonlinear partial differential equations are solved for non-similarity solution by using a newly developed method called the spectral quasilinearization method (SQLM). The comparison of convection process namely free, forced and mixed convection on the micropolar fluid is provided in detail. The convergence and error analysis are also discussed to test the accuracy of the spectral method. From the results, it perceived that with the rise in viscous dissipation parameter, the wall couple stress coefficient and Nusselt number reduce, but velocity, temperature, concentration, skin friction coefficient and Sherwood number increase for both in the absence and in the presence of Soret number.
Social network structure and language change in Amdo Tibetan
Authors: Tribur Zoe 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis article discusses dialectal diversity in Amdo Tibetan using a sociohistorical linguistic framework in which typological variation in related speech varieties is explained as a function of social network structure. It is argued that morphosyntactic and phonological complexity are functions of the complexity of network ties that characterize the community in which languages are spoken. Social network structure influences linguistic development in three ways: a network’s size and constituency determine the synchronic variation that members of the network are exposed to as a whole and that are available to become sources of diachronic change. The nature of the relationships characterizing different network types contributes to the context in which communication takes place, influencing the content of linguistic exchanges. Over time, biases in the interactional functions that linguistic expressions are used to perform favor the selection and development of some features over others. Finally, different social network types are associated with different language attitudes, including awareness and enforcement of linguistic norms. Network type interacts with other social factors to influence the direction of language change.
Analysis of the physicochemical properties of post-manufacturing waste derived from production of methyl esters from rapeseed oil
Authors: Kachel-Jakubowska Magdalena , Matwijczuk Arkadiusz , Gagoś Mariusz 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The technology of transesterification of biodiesel obtained from many agricultural products, which are often referred to as renewable resources, yields substantial amounts of by-products. They exhibit various properties that prompt scientific research into potential application thereof. Various spectroscopic methods, e.g. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, are being increasingly used in the research. In this paper, we present the results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectroscopy analyses of technical glycerine, distilled glycerine, and matter organic non glycerol, i.e. by-products of biodiesel production. To facilitate the spectroscopic analysis, a number of parameters were determined for all the materials, e.g. the calorific value, water content, sulphated ash content, methanol content, acidity, as well as the contents of esters, heavy metals, aldehydes, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The results indicate that the analysed products are characterised by a comparable calorific value in the range from 11.35 to 16.05 MJ kg-1 in the case of matter organic non glycerol and technical glycerine. Observation of changes in the position of selected peaks in the range of 3700-650 cm-1 in the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy method facilitates determination of the level of degradation of the analysed material. Changes in the wavelength ranges can be used for monitoring the formation of secondary oxidation products containing carbonyl groups.
Yield variability prediction by remote sensing sensors with different spatial resolution
Authors: Kumhálová Jitka , Matějková Štěpánka 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Currently, remote sensing sensors are very popular for crop monitoring and yield prediction. This paper describes how satellite images with moderate (Landsat satellite data) and very high (QuickBird and WorldView-2 satellite data) spatial resolution, together with GreenSeeker hand held crop sensor, can be used to estimate yield and crop growth variability. Winter barley (2007 and 2015) and winter wheat (2009 and 2011) were chosen because of cloud-free data availability in the same time period for experimental field from Landsat satellite images and QuickBird or WorldView-2 images. Very high spatial resolution images were resampled to worse spatial resolution. Normalised difference vegetation index was derived from each satellite image data sets and it was also measured with GreenSeeker handheld crop sensor for the year 2015 only. Results showed that each satellite image data set can be used for yield and plant variability estimation. Nevertheless, better results, in comparison with crop yield, were obtained for images acquired in later phenological phases, e.g. in 2007 - BBCH 59 - average correlation coefficient 0.856, and in 2011 - BBCH 59-0.784. GreenSeeker handheld crop sensor was not suitable for yield estimation due to different measuring method.
Original Article. Toxic effect of sodium fluoride on hydroxyproline level and expression of collagen-1 gene in rat bone and its amelioration by Tamrindus indica L. fruit pulp extract
Authors: Gupta Amit Raj , Dey Sahadeb , Saini Mohini , Swarup Devendra 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Excessive fluoride intoxication plays an important role in the development of dental, skeletal and non-skeletal fluorosis. The aim of this study was to ascertain the toxic effect of excessive fluoride ingestion on the level of hydroxyproline and expression of type 1 collagen gene in rat bone and its amelioration by supplementation with Tamarindus indica fruit pulp extract. Forty albino rats were randomly assigned to four groups. The first group served as control and received only tap water. The second group received sodium fluoride (200 ppm) through drinking water. The third group received T. indica fruit pulp extract (200 mg/kg body weight) alone and the fourth group received the T. indica fruit pulp extract (200 mg/kg body weight) along with fluorinated drinking water (200 ppm) daily by gavage for a period of 90 days. The level of hydroxyproline and expression of type 1 collagen gene using quantitative real time PCR in the tibia bone decreased significantly with continuous exposure to sodium fluoride. Co-administration of T. indica fruit pulp extract during exposure to fluoride through drinking water restored the level of calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase in serum and the concentration of hydroxyproline in urine. It increased the level of hydroxyproline and expression of type 1 collagen gene in the tibia as compared to untreated fluoride-exposed rats. It is concluded that T. indica fruit pulp extract has an ameliorative potential to protect the bone from fluoride induced collagen damage.