bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of occurrence, phenology, and phylogeny of Phloeosinus punctatus LeConte (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) in giant sequoia
Authors: Foote Nathaniel E , Foote Gabriel G , Comai Nathan , Ibarra Caballero Jorge R , Stewart Jane E , Ambrose Anthony R , Baxter Wendy L , Davis Thomas S 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Here, we describe patterns of reproduction and flight phenology of putative Phloeosinus punctatus in giant sequoia groves and compare morphology and genotypes of beetles from sympatric giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) and California incense-cedar (Calocedrus decurrens). Surveys conducted in 2022 revealed that numerous branches fall from giant sequoia crowns (on average ~30 branches/tree), with 20%–50% of trees per site shedding branches, depositing breeding material for beetles on the forest floor that subsequently becomes colonized. When noninfested branches cut from mature giant sequoias were placed at the ground surface, they were colonized by P. punctatus and produced an average of 28 beetles/kg branch. Climbing and examination of sequoia crowns in 2023 showed that 75% of mature trees across 11 groves showed evidence of adult beetle entrance holes in their crowns. In 2021, tests with sticky traps showed that beetles alighted on fallen branches from 20th May to 20th August (peak landing: 2nd July); a logistic model developed from emergence data in 2021 and 2022 predicts the emergence of F1 offspring from branches between 10th July and 1st September (peak emergence: 8th August). Beetles emerging from giant sequoia preferred to settle on giant sequoia, did not reproduce in incense-cedar, and diverged morphologically from beetles emerging from incense-cedar. However, phylogenetic analysis of three genes (28S, CAD, and COI) revealed no clear pattern of sequence divergence, suggesting a single species (P. punctatus) that colonizes both hosts, though cryptic speciation may not be detectable with standard barcoding genes. Ecological and potential management implications are discussed.
Association of Pain With Falls and Fractures Among Middle-Aged Korean Community-Dwelling Adults
Authors: Yao Shaoli , Chen Xi-wen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
The relationship between pain and falls remains controversial. Therefore, this study explored the associations between pain and fall-related outcomes in 5 340 middle-aged (45–65 years) adults residing in the communities in Korea.

Methods
Pain was defined as pain at any location, pain-related activity restriction, and persistent pain. The outcome measures included fall injuries, recurrent falls, injurious falls, and fall-related hip fractures. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to examine the relationship between pain and fall outcome.

Results
Among the study participants, 54.0% reported having experienced pain. During a follow-up period of up to 14 years, those who reported pain and pain-related activity restriction at baseline exhibited a positive association with the occurrence of fall injury (odds ratio [OR] 1.79, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.27–2.53) and injurious falls (OR 1.72, 95% CI: 1.20–2.48) but not with recurrent falls (OR 1.90, 95% CI: 0.80–4.54). We also observed a positive association between persistent pain and the risk of fall injury (OR 1.41, 95% CI: 1.13–1.91), whereas no consistent conclusions were drawn regarding the risk of recurrent falls and injurious falls. We also did not identify any correlation between pain and hip fractures resulting from falls.

Conclusions
In conclusion, our findings of the positive correlations of pain and pain-related activity restriction at baseline with fall injuries and injurious falls but not recurrent falls during follow-up suggest that public health initiatives should prioritize pain screening, especially for participants reporting ankle and toe pain, and implement suitable interventions to mitigate the risk of falls and the associated adverse outcomes among middle-aged adults.
Drug-free remission of immune thrombocytopenic purpura following resection of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: a case report
Authors: Sakuma Masayoshi , Takahashi Daigoro , Kamei Keitaro , Takayama Yuichi , Takahashi Takamasa , Aoyama Hiroki , Hosoi Takahiro , Maeda Atsuyuki 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is a rare autoimmune disorder. Although secondary ITP, caused by various underlying diseases, including some malignant tumors, has been reported, instances of ITP resolving after successful treatment of the underlying cause are uncommon and noteworthy. Herein, we present a case of a patient with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA) and ITP who achieved drug-free remission of ITP following tumor resection. A 76-year-old man presented with pCCA complicated by ITP. Prednisolone treatment successfully managed his thrombocytopenia, allowing for a left hepatopancreatoduodenectomy. ITP relapse did not occur after discontinuation of prednisolone postoperatively. This case suggests that surgical resection of the underlying malignancy may induce remission of secondary ITP associated with pCCA.
Etiology of Leukemoid Reaction in Patients Undergoing Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Wells Christian B , Sobieszczyk Michal J , Marcus Joseph E 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Nosocomial infections are frequent in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Leukemoid reaction, defined as &gt;50,000 white blood cells (WBCs) per microliter, has been associated with infections in some populations. As ECMO is associated with significant inflammation activation between the patient’s immune system and the circuit components, it is hypothesized that leukemoid reactions may have low specificity for identifying new infections in patients receiving ECMO.

Materials and Methods
A retrospective cohort study was performed on all adult patients admitted to the Brooke Army Medical Center who received ECMO for greater than 72 hours between 2018 and 2022. Maximum WBCs were obtained for all charts. For those with leukemoid reaction, demographic information and clinical management was obtained. This study was determined to be exempt by Brooke Army Medical Center Institutional Review Board.

Results
Among 182 patients receiving ECMO for greater than 72 hours, 15 (8%) developed a leukemoid reaction while on ECMO. The median (Interquartile range, IQR) WBC was 53.94 (50.98 to 62.55). Fourteen (93%) patients underwent an infectious evaluation. Patients had a median of 2 (IQR: 2 to 3) etiologies contributing to their leukemoid reaction. At the time of leukemoid reaction, 11 (73%) patients were receiving treatment for a known infection, 6 (40%) were found to have a new thrombus, and 4 (27%) were receiving glucocorticoids. Only 1 (7%) patient was found to have a new infection, an Acinetobacter baumannii bacteremia.

Conclusions
Leukemoid reactions occur infrequently in patients receiving ECMO and are generally multifactorial. In this cohort, leukemoid reactions rarely occurred in the setting of a new infection and suggest low utility to starting or broadening antimicrobials for these patients. Future studies identifying useful infectious markers are needed for patients receiving ECMO.
Human hnRNPA1 reorganizes telomere-bound replication protein A
Authors: Granger Sophie L , Sharma Richa , Kaushik Vikas , Razzaghi Mortezaali , Honda Masayoshi , Gaur Paras , Bhat Divya S , Labenz Sabryn M , Heinen Jenna E , Williams Blaine A , Tabei S M Ali , Wlodarski Marcin W , Antony Edwin , Spies Maria 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Human replication protein A (RPA) is a heterotrimeric ssDNA binding protein responsible for many aspects of cellular DNA metabolism. Dynamic interactions of the four RPA DNA binding domains (DBDs) with DNA control replacement of RPA by downstream proteins in various cellular metabolic pathways. RPA plays several important functions at telomeres where it binds to and melts telomeric G-quadruplexes, non-canonical DNA structures formed at the G-rich telomeric ssDNA overhangs. Here, we combine single-molecule total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (smTIRFM) and mass photometry (MP) with biophysical and biochemical analyses to demonstrate that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1) specifically remodels RPA bound to telomeric ssDNA by dampening the RPA configurational dynamics and forming a ternary complex. Uniquely, among hnRNPA1 target RNAs, telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) is selectively capable of releasing hnRNPA1 from the RPA–telomeric DNA complex. We speculate that this telomere specific RPA–DNA–hnRNPA1 complex is an important structure in telomere protection.
Has Ghana's Rotavirus Vaccine Switch Met Programmatic Expectations? An Analysis of National Surveillance Data; 2018–2022
Authors: Adjei Michael Rockson , Ofori Amoah Justice , Bonsu George , Okine Rafiq , Mohammed Naziru Tanko , Amponsa-Achiano Kwame , Asiedu-Bekoe Franklin , Kuma-Aboagye Patrick , Mwenda Jason Mathiu , Grobusch Martin Peter , Ohene Sally-Ann 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Ghana introduced a 2-dose schedule rotavirus vaccine, Rotarix, into childhood immunization in 2012 but switched to a 3-dose schedule vaccine, Rotavac, in 2020 on account of programmatic advantages offered by the latter, including lower cost per fully immunized child and lower cold chain volume requirement. The objective of the study was to assess the effect of the vaccine switch on the trends of rotavirus vaccine uptake and health facility outpatient department (OPD) attendance due to diarrhea among children aged 1–11 months.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on childhood immunization and diarrhea surveillance data for 2018–2022. The uptake of the different rotavirus vaccine products and the proportion of health facility OPD attendance attributed to diarrhea, respectively, were compared between the pre- and postswitch study periods.

Results
The uptake of rotavirus vaccine was sustained following the switch. There were no significant differences in vaccination coverages (rota1, Rotarix coverage [94.3%], vs rota1, Rotavac coverage [95.3%]; P = .757; rota2, Rotarix coverage [91.3%], vs rota2, Rotavac coverage [92.7%]; P = .789). The proportions of health facility OPD attendance due to diarrhea were comparable (preswitch [12.4%] vs postswitch [12.1%]; P = .838).

Conclusions
Ghana's rotavirus vaccine switch yielded expected programmatic benefits without any untoward effects. The trends of vaccine uptake and reduction in diarrhea morbidity were sustained. These experiences and lessons from the rotavirus vaccine switch are vital for potential switches for other vaccines in the current immunization schedule to mitigate the annual vaccine expenditure.
Nest-site selection and nest predation in a tropical passerine in relation to food, friends, and foes
Authors: van Eerden Arne Okko Kees , Komdeur Jan , Richardson David S , Dugdale Hannah L , Hammers Martijn 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Nest-site selection is an important determinant of avian reproductive success, mainly through its effect on predation risk. However, which environmental and social factors affect nest-site selection and predation risk remains less well understood. Optimal nest positioning may depend on the balance of many distinct factors such as nest predation, food availability, extra-pair mating opportunities, presence of helpers, and interactions with neighboring conspecifics. We investigated how these factors affect nest-site selection and nest survival in Acrocephalus sechellensis (Seychelles Warbler), a facultative cooperative-breeding passerine that defends stable territories year-round. We found that daily nest survival increased by ~1% for each meter higher in the canopy that a nest was placed. Nests were more likely to be located in food-rich parts of the territory, especially in territories with low overall densities of arthropods. Further, we found that nests in territories with helpers, which reduce nest predation in A. sechellensis, were built in areas with higher food availability, whereas nests in territories without helpers were built in areas with fewer nest predators. Finally, we found that females build their nests 0.5 m closer to the border for each year the nearest neighboring male was older than their partner. Our results suggest that nest-site selection in A. sechellensis is affected by nest predation, food availability, helper presence, and possibly, the female’s opportunity for extra-pair copulations. Clarifying the relative importance of these different selective factors is key to the understanding of optimal nest-site selection to maximize reproductive success.
5-Day Injectable Extended-release Buprenorphine Initiation in Non–opioid-tolerant Individuals in a Carceral Setting: A Case Series
Authors: Perdue Matt , Hosseini Ghomi Reza , Rees Paul , Arzubi Eric 
Published: September 2024

Background
Injectable extended-release buprenorphine (XR-Bup) addresses several barriers to the implementation of treatment with medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in carceral settings due to lower risk of diversion and reduced operational procedures. However, there is no standardized approach or guideline for initiating sublingual buprenorphine (SL-Bup) and transitioning to XR-Bup in persons with opioid use disorder (OUD) who are not actively using opioids, a clinical scenario commonly encountered in carceral settings.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective case series of non–opioid-tolerant men with OUD at a Montana Department of Corrections facility who initiated XR-Bup using a 5-day induction protocol between May 1, 2023, and November 1, 2023. Primary outcome was receipt of the initial XR-Bup injection. Secondary outcomes were toleration of SL-Bup induction protocol and active continuation of XR-Bup at time of discharge.

Results
Sixteen individuals initiated the SL-Bup induction protocol, and all were successfully transitioned to XR-Bup with no severe adverse effects. There were no required dose changes or severe adverse effects from SL-Bup induction. Two (12%) elected to discontinue XR-Bup due to commonly reported adverse effects. Fourteen (88%) remained on XR-Bup at discharge.

Conclusions
Five-day induction of SL-Bup and transition to XR-Bup may be considered for non–opioid-tolerant individuals with OUD in carceral settings.
Considering the Cost-Effectiveness of Accredited Continuing Medical Education: A Landscape Analysis of Economic Concepts in Continuing Medical Education Research
Authors: Dietze Derek T. , Frimpter Jeff 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
In health care, cost-effectiveness analysis evaluates changes in health outcomes as a function of costs. The cost-effectiveness of continuing professional development for health care providers has not been historically well characterized despite substantial investment. This literature review identified publications considering the costs and cost-effectiveness of accredited continuing medical education activities.

Methods:
Searches were conducted for English language records in PubMed and the gray literature using a 10-year lookback period from March 10, 2023. Search terms included concepts related to continuing medical education, cost, effect, and utilization. One reviewer conducted title/abstract screening, full-text review, and data extraction, with direction and adjudication of search and screening concepts provided by the lead advisor. Publications were categorized as related to costs of an educational intervention (Concept 1) and/or the impact of education on health care costs (Concept 2). Results were summarized using descriptive statistics.

Results:
A total of 668 database records were screened, 125 (19%) underwent full-text review, and 25 of 125 (20%) were accepted; 7 of 351 (2%) gray literature sources were accepted for a total of 32 included records. The most common reason for rejection was not being an accredited activity. Of the 32 records, 27 (84%) were related to Concept 1 only, 3 (9%) to Concept 2 only, and 2 (6%) to both Concepts 1 and 2. Approximately half (n = 19, 59%) mentioned costs without supporting data.

Discussion:
These findings show that considerations of cost and cost-effectiveness are rare in the accredited continuing medical education literature, which may limit how the value of continuing medical education is characterized.
Everolimus Personalized Therapy: Second Consensus Report by the International Association of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology
Authors: Masuda Satohiro , Lemaitre Florian , Barten Markus J. , Bergan Stein , Shipkova Maria , van Gelder Teun , Vinks Sander , Wieland Eberhard , Bornemann-Kolatzki Kirsten , Brunet Mercè , de Winter Brenda , Dieterlen Maja-Theresa , Elens Laure , Ito Taihei , Johnson-Davis Kamisha , Kunicki Pawel K. , Lawson Roland , Lloberas Nuria , Marquet Pierre , Millan Olga , Mizuno Tomoyuki , Moes Dirk Jan A. R. , Noceti Ofelia , Oellerich Michael , Pattanaik Smita , Pawinski Tomasz , Seger Christoph , van Schaik Ron , Venkataramanan Raman , Walson Phil , Woillard Jean-Baptiste , Langman Loralie J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract:
The Immunosuppressive Drugs Scientific Committee of the International Association of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology established the second consensus report to guide therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of everolimus (EVR) and its optimal use in clinical practice 7 years after the first version was published in 2016. This version provides information focused on new developments that have arisen in the last 7 years. For the general aspects of the pharmacology and TDM of EVR that have retained their relevance, readers can refer to the 2016 document. This edition includes new evidence from the literature, focusing on the topics updated during the last 7 years, including indirect pharmacological effects of EVR on the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 with the major mechanism of direct inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1. In addition, various concepts and technical options to monitor EVR concentrations, improve analytical performance, and increase the number of options available for immunochemical analytical methods have been included. Only limited new pharmacogenetic information regarding EVR has emerged; however, pharmacometrics and model-informed precision dosing have been constructed using physiological parameters as covariates, including pharmacogenetic information. In clinical settings, EVR is combined with a decreased dose of calcineurin inhibitors, such as tacrolimus and cyclosporine, instead of mycophenolic acid. The literature and recommendations for specific organ transplantations, such as that of the kidneys, liver, heart, and lungs, as well as for oncology and pediatrics have been updated. EVR TDM for pancreatic and islet transplantation has been added to this edition. The pharmacodynamic monitoring of EVR in organ transplantation has also been updated. These updates and additions, along with the previous version of this consensus document, will be helpful to clinicians and researchers treating patients receiving EVR.
Rhinoplasty Using Autologous Costal Cartilage in a Patient with Acrodysostosis
Authors: Kase Lilia , Akita Shinsuke , Onouchi Yoshihiro , Yamazaki Keiko , Mitsukawa Nobuyuki 
Published: September 2024

Summary:
Acrodysostosis, a rare congenital syndrome, is characterized by peripheral dysostosis, nasal hypoplasia, mental retardation, and other skeletal deformities. Although severe saddle nose associated with midfacial hypoplasia causes great distress to patients, no studies have reported conducting rhinoplasty. In our experience, we suspected a boy with a significant saddle nose as having acrodysostosis and conducted genetic testing on the boy and his parents. Genetic analyses revealed that the patient had a deleterious mutation in the PDE4D gene that was not seen in either of his parents. Thus, the patient was diagnosed with de novo acrodysostosis. Rhinoplasty of the saddle nose using autogenous costal cartilage was planned; however, a major concern in using costal cartilage is the distortion caused by warping. To prevent this problem, a counterbalancing technique was used. After the surgery, no warping was observed during follow-up, and the patient and his family were satisfied with the outcomes. To our knowledge, we present the first case of surgical treatment of a patient with a saddle nose caused by acrodysostosis.
Preservation of the Superficial Peroneal Nerve Does Not Compromise Lateral Supramalleolar Flap Viability
Authors: Lohasammakul Suphalerk , Saraswat Nirvana , Felder John Matthew 
Published: September 2024

Background:
The lateral supramalleolar flap is a useful local flap for defects around the lateral malleolus. However, this flap is classically harvested subfascially, which requires superficial peroneal nerve (SPN) transection with loss of dorsal foot sensation and potential for chronic pain. We explore whether suprafascial harvest with nerve preservation results in a viable flap.

Methods:
Clinical cases include five patients who presented with a soft tissue defect at the lateral malleolar area. The etiologies included traumatic, decubitus, and chronic wounds. The suprafascial lateral supramalleolar flap was performed to reconstruct the defect while preserving the SPN.

Results:
Four flaps and one flap were performed as one-stage operation and delayed fashion, respectively. All flaps survived without complications. The SPN was identified and preserved in all cases. Postoperatively, the sensory distribution of the SPN was maintained in all patients.

Conclusion:
The lateral supramalleolar flap can be safely raised in the suprafascial plane, sparing the SPN.
Effectiveness Evaluation of Microneedling Therapy for Diabetic Ulcer: An Animal Model Study
Authors: Morinaga Eri , Sakata Naoaki , Kawakami Ryo , Naito Reiko , Yoshimatsu Gumpei , Takagi Satoshi , Kodama Shohta 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Diabetic ulcer is an intractable complication seen in nearly 6% of diabetes patients. Some patients with diabetic ulcers cannot avoid femoral amputation by the current standard treatments. Therefore, a novel and effective radical cure therapy is needed. Microneedling is a widely applied wound-healing treatment in cosmetic medicine. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of microneedling on diabetic ulcers using an animal model.

Methods:
Nine- to 10-week-old male C57BL/6J mice with drug-induced diabetes received full-thickness skin removal on the back. The mice with and without microneedling were classified into microneedling and nontreatment groups, respectively. The therapeutic effects of microneedling were assessed by wound closure rate by 14 days after the treatment and histological assessments in the wound.

Results:
The wound closure rate was significantly higher in the microneedling group than in the nontreatment groups from 7 days after microneedling (wound closure rate: 63.0 ± 10.2% versus 36.6 ± 12.1%). Histological assessments revealed that microneedling induced infiltration of neutrophils and M1 macrophages into the microhemorrhage region within 12 hours. The macrophages shifted to M2 macrophages 4 days after microneedling. Hyperexpression of transforming growth factor beta 1 was confirmed 7 days after microneedling. After that, the promotion of collagen proliferation and neovascularization were seen 10 and 14 days after microneedling, respectively.

Conclusions:
Our data clarified that microneedling was effective for wound healing in an animal model of diabetic ulcer. This study has limitations correlated with small animal models and acute surgical wounds. Future clinical trials are recommended.