bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender awareness and attitudes toward gender equality among students participating in teacher training
Authors: Mägi Eve , Biin Helen , Trasberg Karmen , Kruus Kersti 
Published: April 2016

Soolise võrdõiguslikkuse taotlemisel lähtutakse põhimõttest, et naistel ja meestel on võrdsed õigused, kohustused, võimalused ja vastutus nii hariduse omandamisel kui ka tööelus. Kuna haridusel, sh õpetajakoolitusel, on väärtuste ja hoiakute kujundamisel oluline roll, käsitletakse seda sageli soolise võrdõiguslikkuse edendamise ühe võtmevaldkonnana. Uurimuse eesmärk on kirjeldada Eesti õpetajakoolituse ja kasvatusteaduste valdkonna üliõpilaste hoiakuid ja teadlikkust soolise võrdõiguslikkuse küsimuses, sh osutada nende erinevustele üliõpilaste üldkogumist. Selleks kombineeriti kvantitatiivset ja kvalitatiivset uurimisviisi. Uuringus küsitleti üliõpilasi (N = 2748) soolise võrdõiguslikkusega seotud hoiakute ja kogemuste teemal ning intervjueeriti õpetajakoolituse üliõpilasi (N = 20) fookusrühmades, et mõtestada kõrgkoolide õpetamispraktikat ning seda mõjutavaid väärtusi ja norme soolise võrdõiguslikkuse vaatenurgast. Ilmnes, et üliõpilased suhtuvad soolisesse võrdõiguslikkusse soosivalt ja tajuvad ebavõrdset kohtlemist soo alusel probleemina. See on hea potentsiaal, mille varal arendada tulevaste õpetajate valmisolekut sootundlikuks pedagoogikaks. Selgelt eristusid ka nende üliõpilaste rühmad, kelle hoiakutes väljenduvad teiste rühmadega võrreldes enam soolised stereotüübid (algajad üliõpilased ja mehed). Uurimuse tulemused täiendavad varasemate uurimuste omi, milles käsitletakse sugupoolte aspekti arvestamist hariduses, ning neil on praktiline väärtus õpetajakoolituse õppekavade kujundamisel.
Summary
Students’ perception of their teachers’ behaviour in the classroom and its coherence with teachers’ own understandings
Authors: Okas Anne , Van der Schaaf Marieke , Krull Edgar 
Published: April 2016

Tutvustatav uurimus on osa mahukamast õpetaja professionaalsuse avaldumist käsitlevast uurimistööst. Selle eesmärk on selgitada välja, millisena tajuvad õpilased õpetaja tegevust tunnis, sealhulgas millised on erinevused hinnangutes algajatele ja kogenud õpetajatele, ning kõrvutada neid hinnanguid õpetajate endi kujutlustega õpetamisest. Uuringus osales 314 põhikooliõpilast (6.–9. klass) ja nende 20 õpetajat, kellest kümme olid algajad ja kümme kogenud õpetajad. Õpilaste hinnangud õpetajate õpetamisviiside kohta selgitati välja küsitlusega. Selles hindasid õpilased õppimistingimuste loomist, tunnieesmärkide selgust, tunni ülesannete sisu selgust ja raskusastet, õpetaja juhendamist, kontrollimist, hoolivust ja entusiasmi. Õpilaste hinnanguid võrreldi andmetega, mis on esitatud õpetajate reflekteerivates kirjutistes nende õpetamismeisterlikkuse kohta, samuti ainetunni kommentaaridega. Uurimistulemustest ilmnes, et õpilaste antud hinnangud õpetajate tegevusviisidele seostuvad õpetaja töökogemusega. Õpetajate endi kirjutistest ja intervjuudest ning õpilaste hinnangutest selgus, et algajate õpetajate raskusi tunni läbiviimisel märkavad ka nende õpilased. Õpilaste keskmised hinnangud kogenud õpetajate õpetamistegevuste kvaliteedile olid alati kõrgemad algajate õpetajate õpetamistegevusele antavatest hinnangutest.
Summary
Language learning strategies of EFL learners and their effects on learning outcomes
Authors: Saks Katrin , Leijen Äli , Täht Karin 
Published: April 2016

Võõrkeeleoskuse omandamist on võimalik toetada, arendades õppijate keeleõppestrateegiaid. Õpistrateegiate uurijad on töötanud välja erinevaid õpistrateegiate taksonoomiaid, kuid tõendid nende valiidsuse kohta on vastukäivad. Selle uurimuse eesmärk on leida empiirilistele andmetele kõige paremini vastav keeleõppestrateegiate klassifikatsioon ning uurida keeleõppestrateegiate seoseid ja nende mõju õpitulemustele. Kinnitava faktoranalüüsi tulemused näitavad, et modifitseeritud ja täpsustatud kuuefaktorilisel mudelil on head mudeli headuse indeksid. Eestikeelses Est-SILLi mudelis moodustus kuus strateegiarühma: metakognitsioon, sotsiaalsed, kompensatsiooni- ja mälustrateegiad ning aktiivne keelekasutus ja seostamisstrateegiad. Struktuurivõrrandite mudelite analüüsiga saadud tulemused kinnitavad, et kognitiivsed õpistrateegiad avaldavad õpitulemustele otsest mõju, kuid metakognitiivsed õpistrateegiad mõjutavad õpiedu kaudselt, kognitiivsete strateegiate kaudu.
Summary
Fee or Free: When Should Firms Charge for Online Content?
Authors: Lambrecht Anja , Misra Kanishka 
Published: April 2016

Many online content providers aim to compensate for a loss in advertising revenues by charging consumers for access to content. However, such a choice is not straightforward because subscription fees typically deter customers, and a resulting decline in viewership further reduces advertising revenues. This research examines whether firms that offer both free and paid content can benefit from adjusting the amount of content offered for free. We find that firms should offer more free—and not paid—content in periods of high demand. We motivate theoretically that this policy, which we term “countercyclical offering,” may be optimal for firms when consumers are heterogeneous in their valuation of online content and this heterogeneity varies over time. Using unique data from an online content provider, we then provide empirical evidence that firms indeed engage in countercyclical offering and increase the share of free content in periods of high demand. This paper was accepted by Matthew Shum, marketing.
Anténor Firmin, Aimé and Suzanne Césaire: In Search of Africa and Ourselves
Authors: Walker Keith Louis 
Published: April 2016

An examination of Haitian anthropologist Anténor Firmin’s revolutionary articulations on the natural equality of the human races in De l’égalité des races humaines (1885) and their immanent, substantive, and resonant place subsequently in the work of Aimé Césaire. The article incorporates the thought of Suzanne Césaire to complete the ontological “Ethiopian-Africa” nexus present in both Firmin and Césaire. Beyond alluding to a shared sense of the elusive concept of Négritude, the article performs close readings of Firmin-Césaire texts side by side. Establishing a politico-spatial diaspora genealogy of thought, the article brings the force of Firmin’s essay into the twenty-first century.
Multi-disciplinary, community-oriented design of
low-noise aircraft: the COSMA project
Authors: Iemma Umberto 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The EC-funded project COSMA (Community Oriented
Solutions to Minimize aircraft noise Annoyance, 7th
Framework Programme) started in June 2009 with an ambitious,
twofold goal: improve the understanding of the
annoyance induced by aircraft noise on the population
and identify the engineering guidelines to establish appropriate
design strategies and operational procedure to reduce
these effects. The project was conceived within the
context of the X-Noise Collaborative Network, a worldwide
network of experts and institutions committed to the
commercial aviation noise challenge. The COSMA objectives
were addressed using a highly multi-disciplinary approach,
integrating competences pertaining to psychoacoustics,
sound engineering, and aeronautical engineering.
The work of twenty-three research groups from nine
European countries was structured in six, strongly interconnected
work packages. Aim of the present paper is the
review of this cross-disciplinary research from the point
of view of the aircraft designer. The attention is focused
on the Optimisation of Airport Noise Scenarios work package,
where the aeronautical technology contextwas established
in detail and where, eventually, the design criteria
and operational recommendation were defined on the basis
of the outcomes of the annoyance examination experimental
campaign.
Exposure to Advertisements and Electronic Cigarette Use Among US Middle and High School Students
Authors: Singh Tushar , Agaku Israel T. , Arrazola René A. , Marynak Kristy L. , Neff Linda J. , Rolle Italia T. , King Brian A. 
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND:
Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use among US students increased significantly during 2011 to 2014. We examined the association between e-cigarette advertisement exposure and current e-cigarette use among US middle school and high school students.

METHODS:
Data came from the 2014 National Youth Tobacco Survey (n = 22 007), a survey of students in grades 6 through 12. The association between current e-cigarette use and exposure to e-cigarette advertisements via 4 sources (Internet, newspapers/magazines, retail stores, and TV/movies) was assessed. Three advertising exposure categories were assessed: never/rarely, sometimes, and most of the time/always. Separate logistic regression models were used to measure the association, adjusting for gender, race/ethnicity, grade, and other tobacco use.

RESULTS:
Compared with students who reported exposure to e-cigarette advertisements never/rarely, the odds of current e-cigarette use were significantly (P &lt; .05) greater among those reporting exposure sometimes and most of the time/always, respectively, as follows: Internet (adjusted odds ratio: middle school, 1.44 and 2.91; high school, 1.49, and 2.02); newspapers/magazines (middle school, 0.93 [not significant] and 1.87; high school, 1.26 and 1.71); retail stores (middle school, 1.78 and 2.34; high school, 1.37, and 1.91); and TV/movies (middle school, 1.25 [not significant] and 1.80; high school, 1.24 and 1.54).

CONCLUSIONS:
E-cigarette advertisement exposure is associated with current e-cigarette use among students; greater exposure is associated with higher odds of use. Given that youth use of tobacco in any form is unsafe, comprehensive tobacco prevention and control strategies, including efforts to reduce youth exposure to advertising, are critical to prevent all forms of tobacco use among youth.
Das multizentrische Lymphom bei 411 Hunden – eine epidemiologische Studie
Authors: Kessler Martin , Lautscham Esther , Willimzig Lisanne , Neiger Reto , Ernst Theresa 
Published: April 2016

Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Überblick über die epidemiologische Situation des multizentrischen Lymphoms (ML) des Hundes in Deutschland. Material und Methoden: 411 Hunde mit ML wurden retrospektiv hinsichtlich Rasse,Körpergewicht und des Anteils der Hunde mit Hyperkalzämie bzw. T- und B-Zell-Lymphom ausgewertet und statistisch mit zwei Vergleichspopulationen verglichen (Klinikpopulation Tierklinik Hofheim, n = 52142; krankenversicherte Hunde, n = 123423). Ergebnisse: 298 (72, 5%) der 411 Hunde gehörten 86 verschiedenen Rassen an, 113 (27, 5%) waren Mischlinge. Bei Gegenüberstellung mit beiden Vergleichspopulationen zeigte sich übereinstimmend eine Rasseprädisposition für American Pitbull Terrier (Quotenverhältnis [QV] 5, 2 bzw. 18, 5), American Staffordshire Terrier (QV 3, 3 bzw. 4, 6), Briard (QV 5, 6 bzw. 9, Bullmastiff (QV 7, 8 bzw. 5, 0), Irish Setter (QV 3, 1) und Rottweiler (QV 2, 8 bzw. 3, 6). Golden Retriever (n = 22, QV 1, 3 bzw. 0, 9) und Berner Sennenhunde (n = 22, QV 2, 4 bzw. 2, 0) waren in absoluten Zahlen häufig vertreten, doch ergab sich beim Vergleich mit den Vergleichspopulationen lediglich ein QV < 3. Das durchschnittliche Körpergewicht betrug 30, 2 ± 13, 7 kg, nur 75 (18%) Hunde wogen weniger als 15 kg. Bei den kleineren Hunden (< 15 kg KM) waren West Highland White Terrier (n = 12) gehäuft vertreten. Das mittlere Alter der Hunde lag bei 7, 9 ± 2, 7 Jahren. Hunde ≥ 15 kg waren signifikant (p < 0, 001) jünger (7, 6 ± 2, 4 Jahre) als Hunde < 15 kg (9, 3 ± 3, 2 Jahre). Hunde mit B-Zell-Lymphom hatten ein signifikant (p < 0, 001) höheres Alter (8, 5 ± 2, 6 Jahre) als Hunde mit T-Zell-Lymphom (6, 4 ± 1, 8 Jahre). Eine Geschlechtsprädisposition ließ sich nicht nachweisen (54% männlich, 46% weiblich). Eine paraneoplastische Hyperkalzämie als Zeichen eines T-Zell-Lymphoms lag bei 44 (11, 4%) Hunden vor. 20, 6% bzw. 79, 4% der Hunde wiesen einen T- bzw. B-Zell-Immunphänotyp auf. Klinische Relevanz: Bereits bekannte Rasseprädispositionen konnten bestätigt und bislang unbekannte Rassehäufungen identifiziert werden (Briard, Irish Setter). Bei kleineren Hunden (< 15 kg) tritt das ML in deutlich höherem Alter auf.
PRATICANDO LEITURA COMPREENSÃO DE TEXTOS E VOCABULÁRIO COM ALUNOS DE ESCOLAS PÚBLICAS EM GUARABIRA - PB
Authors: Fernandes Cláudia Regina Ponciano , Costa Layse Pereira da , Lima Núbia Kallyne Ferreira de 
Published: April 2016

O desejo de contribuir para o desenvolvimento da leitura de textos em inglês e seus respectivos vocabulários nos motivou a oferecer um curso com foco na leitura e compreensão de textos a alunos de escolas públicas.<strong> </strong>O presente relato é resultado de um projeto de extensão realizado no município de Guarabira - PB. Os objetivos gerais foram: perceber a língua inglesa como um instrumento de acesso a informações e a outras culturas; valorizar a leitura como meio de informação e prazer. Especificamente, as metas foram levar os alunos a utilizarem estratégias de leitura para compreender textos em inglês e discutirem na sua língua materna; identificarem a ideia central dos textos; relatarem suas observações, percepções e conclusões sobre a compreensão da leitura; além disso, atribuir significados das palavras de forma contextualizada. Acredita-se que o projeto tenha contribuido para minimizar as dificuldades relacionadas a compreensão de textos em inglês e seu vocabulário especifico.
LEITURA E MEDIAÇÃO: POR UMA FORMAÇÃO DO LEITOR LITERÁRIO
Authors: Ribeiro da Silva Maria Célia , Da Silva Antônio Gomes , De Azevedo Ana Beatriz Cruz 
Published: April 2016

<p>Este relato de experiência representa o que vivenciamos no projeto de extensão “O que lê (e onde lê) o estudante do ensino médio das escolas públicas das comunidades vizinhas do IFPB-CG?” (IFPB – Edital n.º 009/2015 – PROBEXT), cujo objetivo consistiu em averiguar que obras, consideradas fora do grupo da Grande Literatura, estavam sendo lidas pelos alunos da 1ª série do Ensino Médio da escola pública Antônio Oliveira, e em que locais essas leituras eram realizadas. Os instrumentos utilizados para o levantamento das obras lidas e para o mapeamento dos locais de leitura foram questionários e entrevistas orais. Neste artigo, delineamos, inicialmente, como se processaram essas ações e o que resultou delas, para em seguida relatarmos as intervenções que realizamos/vivenciamos no universo estudado, com vistas a criar um ambiente propício para a formação do leitor literário, tão ausente do cotidiano escolar daqueles alunos. Os modos de ler e o papel do mediador mostraram-se fundamentais para a construção de bases para uma formação leitora. </p><p> </p>
ORGANIZAÇÃO PARA A INOVAÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA: ANÁLISE DE EMPRESAS BRASILEIRAS
Authors: Costa Nickolas Caldeira Freire da , Santos Glicia Vieira dos 
Published: April 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir o processo de organização e gestão para a inovação tecnológica. Para compreender este processo, serão analisados três casos de empresas brasileiras, dos setores de celulose e papel, energia elétrica e aviação. A pesquisa foi realizada com dados primários e secundários. As fontes principais para a coleta dos dados primários e secundários foram, respectivamente, entrevistas e informações disponíveis em documentos das empresas (relatórios para investidores, cartilhas, apresentações institucionais), no período 2012 a 2014, além de dados setoriais, artigos e teses. Os resultados mostram que a organização para inovação é um elemento crítico para que as empresas alcancem os objetivos definidos por suas estratégias de negócios e de inovação. Apontam ainda que empresas inovadoras formalizam e utilizam - de forma sistemática e disciplinada - processos, rotinas, ferramentas e arranjos organizacionais alinhados à estratégia para gerenciar os fluxos decisórios envolvidos no processo de inovação.
Reading and Writing as Academic Literacy in EAP Program of Indonesian Leaners
Authors: Solikhah Imroatus 
Published: April 2016

This study investigates academic literacy imposed in reading and writing for academic purposes in the EAP program. This study uses descriptive design elaborating data from curriculum documents and interviews. Involving 45 participants from IAIN Surakarta and Veteran University, data were analyzed using constant-comparison and inductive analysis tecniques. The study diseovers that academic literacy is prominent to serve and recently it has been the growing learning outcomes universities should provide besides discipline and experise. Academic literacy in EAP program is embedded into academic vocabulary, grammar, reading and writing for academic purposes. Consequently, academic literacy should be incurred in the curriculum, syllabus, aims and objectives, and teaching materials.
Pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans) after single intravenous and intramuscular injections
Authors: Uney Kamil , Altan Feray , Aboubakr Mohammed , Cetin Gul , Dik Burak 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the pharmacokinetics of meloxicam after single IV and IM injections in red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans).
ANIMALS 8 healthy red-eared slider turtles.
PROCEDURES Turtles received 1 dose of meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg) IV or IM (4 turtles/route), a 30-day washout period was provided, and then turtles received the same dose by the opposite route. Blood samples were collected at predetermined times for measurement of plasma meloxicam concentration. Pharmacokinetic values for each administration route were determined with a 2-compartment open model approach.
RESULTS For IV administration, mean ± SD values of major pharmacokinetic variables were 1.02 ± 0.41 hours for distribution half-life, 9.78 ± 2.23 hours for elimination half-life, 215 ± 32 mL/kg for volume of distribution at steady state, 11.27 ± 1.44 μg•h/mL for area under the plasma concentration versus time curve, and 18.00 ± 2.32 mL/h/kg for total body clearance. For IM administration, mean values were 0.35 ± 0.06 hours for absorption half-life, 0.72 ± 0.06 μg/mL for peak plasma concentration, 1.5 ± 0.0 hours for time to peak concentration, 3.73 ± 2.41 hours for distribution half-life, 13.53 ± 1.95 hours for elimination half-life, 11.33 ± 0.92 μg•h/mL for area under the plasma concentration versus time curve, and 101 ± 6% for bioavailability. No adverse reactions were detected.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Long half-life, high bioavailability, and lack of immediate adverse reactions of meloxicam administered IM at 0.2 mg/kg suggested the possibility of safe and effective clinical use in turtles. Additional studies are needed to establish appropriate administration frequency and clinical efficacy.
Biomechanical evaluation of two plating configurations for critical-sized defects of the mandible in dogs
Authors: Arzi Boaz , Stover Susan M. , Garcia Tanya C. , Leale Dustin M. , Verstraete Frank J. M. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the biomechanical behavior of mandibular critical-sized defects stabilized with 2 plating configurations under in vitro conditions resembling clinical situations.
SAMPLE 24 mandibles harvested from 12 adult canine cadavers.
PROCEDURES 8 mandibles were kept intact as control samples. A critical-sized defect was created in 16 mandibles; these mandibles were stabilized by use of a single locking plate (LP [n = 8]) or an LP combined with an alveolar miniplate (LMP [8]). Mandibles were loaded in cantilever bending in a single-load-to-failure test with simultaneous recording of load and actuator displacement. Stiffness, yield, and failure properties were compared among groups. Mode of failure was recorded. Radiographic evidence of tooth root and mandibular canal damage was quantified and compared between groups.
RESULTS Stiffness and yield loads of single LP and LMP constructs were < 30% of values for intact mandibles, and failure loads were < 45% of values for intact mandibles. There were no consistent biomechanical differences at failure between single LP and LMP constructs, but the LMP construct had greater stiffness and strength prior to yield. Frequency of screw penetration of teeth and the mandibular canal was significantly greater for LMP than for single LP constructs.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Both fixation methods were mechanically inferior to an intact mandible. The LMP construct was mechanically stronger than the LP construct but may not be clinically justifiable. Addition of an alveolar miniplate provided additional strength to the construct but resulted in more frequent penetration of tooth roots and the mandibular canal.
Effect of in ovo administration of an adult-derived microbiota on establishment of the intestinal microbiome in chickens
Authors: Pedroso Adriana A. , Batal Amy B. , Lee Margie D. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine effects of in ovo administration of a probiotic on development of the intestinal microbiota of 2 genetic lineages (modern and heritage) of chickens.
SAMPLE 10 newly hatched chicks and 40 fertile eggs to determine intestinal microbiota at hatch, 900 fertile eggs to determine effects of probiotic on hatchability, and 1,560 chicks from treated or control eggs.
PROCEDURES A probiotic competitive-exclusion product derived from adult microbiota was administered in ovo to fertile eggs of both genetic lineages. Cecal contents and tissues were collected from embryos, newly hatched chicks, and chicks. A PCR assay was used to detect bacteria present within the cecum of newly hatched chicks. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and vitality staining were used to detect viable bacteria within intestines of embryos. The intestinal microbiota was assessed by use of 16S pyrosequencing.
RESULTS Microscopic evaluation of embryonic cecal contents and tissues subjected to differential staining techniques revealed viable bacteria in low numbers. Development of the intestinal microbiota of broiler chicks of both genetic lineages was enhanced by in ovo administration of adult microbiota. Although the treatment increased diversity and affected composition of the microbiota of chicks, most bacterial species present in the probiotic were transient colonizers. However, the treatment decreased the abundance of undesirable bacterial species within heritage lineage chicks.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In ovo inoculation of a probiotic competitive-exclusion product derived from adult microbiota may be a viable method of managing development of the microbiota and reducing the prevalence of pathogenic bacteria in chickens.