bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Planned angiographic control versus clinical follow‐up for patients with unprotected left main stem stenosis treated with second generation drug‐eluting stents: A propensity score with matching analysis from the FAILS (failure in left main with second generation stents‐Cardiogroup III Study)
Authors: D'Ascenzo Fabrizio , Iannaccone Mario , Pavani Marco , Kawamoto Hiroyoshi , Escaned Javier , Varbella Ferdinando , Boccuzzi Giacomo , Hiddick‐Smith David , Colombo Antonio , Gaita Fiorenzo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe value of angiographic follow‐up in unprotected left main (ULM) stenting remains undefined.MethodsThe FAILS‐2 registry included consecutive patients presenting with a critical lesion of an ULM treated with second generation drug eluting stents in 6 centers from June 2007 to January 2015. Patients were stratified into two groups: those discharged with planned angiographic follow‐up and those with clinical follow‐up. MACE (Major Adverse Clinical Events, a composite end point of death, myocardial infarction, TLR, and ST) was the primary end point, while each component was a secondary endpoint Sensitivity analysis was performed for patients treated with a provisional or a two‐stent strategy. A propensity score analysis was used to compare the outcomes in the two groups.ResultsAfter multivariate adjustment, 220 patients per group were selected. Planned angiographic follow up was performed after a median of 7 (6–10) months. After 16 (14–21) months, rates of MACE were similar between the two groups (24 vs. 21%, P = 0.29) with lower rates of all cause and cardiovascular death in the angiographic control group (6 vs. 14%, P = 0.01 and 3 vs. 6%, P = 0.04) but with higher rates of TLR (15 vs. 5%, P < 0.001). The same trend was seen irrespective of the stent strategy.Conclusionplanned angiographic control results in more TLR but may reduce mortality. These findings need to be confirmed by adequately powered randomized controlled trial.
Impact of anemia on long‐term outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic total occlusion
Authors: Stähli Barbara E. , Gebhard Cathérine , Gick Michael , Ferenc Miroslaw , Mashayekhi Kambis , Buettner Heinz Joachim , Neumann Franz‐Josef , Toma Aurel 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectivesA single‐centre, observational study was performed in order to investigate the relationship between anemia and outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for chronic total occlusion (CTO).BackgroundAnemia has been identified as adverse predictor in patients with coronary artery disease undergoing coronary revascularization. Data on the impact of anemia on outcomes in patients undergoing PCI for CTO lesions are lacking.MethodsA total of 1,964 patients undergoing CTO PCI were stratified according to the presence/absence of anemia (hemoglobin of <13 g/dl for men and <12 g/dl for women). The primary endpoint was all‐cause mortality. Median follow‐up was 2.6 (interquartile range 1.1‐3.1) years.ResultsOf the 1,964 patients, 297 (15.1%) had anemia. Anemic as compared to nonanemic patients had and an increased all‐cause mortality (27.9% versus 9.1%, P < 0.001), and associations remained significant after multivariable adjustments (adjusted HR 2.26, 95% CI 1.71‐2.98, P < 0.001). All‐cause mortality decreased with increasing hemoglobin tertiles (T1: 18.6%, T2: 8.6%, T3: 8.2%, log rank P < 0.001). Procedural success was associated with reduced all‐cause mortality both in anemic (21.8% versus 47.2%, adjusted HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.37‐0.93, P = 0.02) and nonanemic patients (7.8% versus 16.3%, adjusted HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.42‐0.98, P = 0.02, interaction P = 0.69).ConclusionsAlthough anemia is associated with an increased all‐cause mortality in patients undergoing CTO PCI, the survival benefit associated with successful CTO recanalization is maintained.
Caliber and fitness of the axillary artery as a conduit for large‐bore cardiovascular procedures
Authors: Arnett Daniel M. , Lee James C. , Harms Michael A. , Kearney Kathleen E. , Ramos Mario , Smith Bryn M. , Anderson Emily C. , Tayal Rajiv , McCabe James M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectivesWe sought to describe the caliber and vascular health of the subclavian and axillary arteries as related to their potential utilization in complex cardiovascular procedures.BackgroundPatients referred for advanced catheter‐based therapies frequently have lower extremity peripheral vascular disease that may prohibit the use of large bore arterial catheters. Utilization of the upper extremity peripheral vasculature is rarely considered as an alternative access strategy. This may be due in part to a lack of familiarity with the thoracic vasculature.Methods and Results208 consecutive patients undergoing routine CTA prior to transcatheter aortic valve replacement were retrospectively evaluated in a systematic analysis of upper and lower extremity vasculature. Minimal luminal diameters (MLDs) for the axillary arteries and iliofemoral arteries were 6.0 ± 1.1 mm and 6.6 ± 1.8 mm respectively. Compared to the iliofemoral arteries, the axillary arteries demonstrated substantially lower rates of significant stenosis (2% vs. 12%, p < 0.01) and significantly lower rates of moderate to severe calcification disease (9% vs. 64%, p < 0.01). Diabetes and tobacco use were independently associated with smaller axillary artery caliber by MLD (p < 0.01) but not with significant stenotic disease.ConclusionsThe axillary arteries are slightly smaller but less frequently diseased than the corresponding iliofemoral vessels.
Ultralow Loading Ruthenium Nanoparticles on Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene Aerogel for Trifunctional Electrocatalysis
Authors: Zhu Bingjun , Qu Chong , Gao Song , Liang Zibin , Zhang Hao , Zou Ruqiang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA three‐dimensional (3 D) nitrogen‐doped graphene aerogel (NGA) with confined ultrasmall ruthenium nanoparticles (2–4 nm) was prepared through a hydrothermal reaction of graphene oxide (GO), ammonia solution, and ruthenium trichloride hydrate, followed by high‐temperature annealing and oxidation. The reactants self‐assemble into a 3 D porous structure with Ru nanoparticles embedded inside. With ultralow N and Ru contents of 2.40 and 1.21 at %, the introduction of Ru and N in the 3 D graphene aerogel gives rise to multifunctional catalytic performance in oxygen‐ and hydrogen‐involved reactions. Particularly, its performance in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) surpassed those of commercial Pt/C and RuO2 in terms of both smaller potential (1.62 V vs. RHE) to reach 10 mA cm−2 and larger current densities across the applied potential range of 1 to 2 V (vs. RHE). Structural and chemical characterization revealed that the nanoparticle size and Ru/RuO2 ratio played decisive roles in determining the aerogel's electrocatalytic performance. Hence, this study demonstrates that the synergistic effect of nanosized Ru and a porous NGA can be applied to achieve effective multifunctional electrocatalysis, for which the Ru nanoparticles can be tailored to achieve optimized performance with the lowest‐necessary doping concentration.
Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Mavatrep (JNJ‐39439335), a TRPV1 Antagonist in Healthy Japanese and Caucasian Men: A Double‐Blind, Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled, Sequential‐Group Phase 1 Study
Authors: Manitpisitkul Prasarn , Shalayda Kevin , Russell Lucille , Sanga Panna , Solanki Bhavna , Caruso Joseph , Iwaki Yuki , Moyer John A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis single‐center, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, sequential‐group phase 1 study evaluated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of mavatrep (JNJ‐39439335), a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 antagonist, in healthy Japanese and caucasian subjects. In part 1, a single‐ascending‐dose study, 50 subjects (25 each healthy Japanese and caucasians) were enrolled and received a single oral dose of 10, 25, or 50 mg mavatrep. Caucasian subjects were matched to Japanese subjects with respect to age (±5 years) and body mass index (±5 kg/m2). In part 2, a multiple‐ascending‐dose study, 36 Japanese subjects were enrolled and received once‐daily oral doses of 10, 25, or 50 mg of mavatrep for 21 days. The single‐dose PK of mavatrep and its metabolites was similar in the Japanese and caucasian subjects after adjustment of body weight. Following multiple dosing in Japanese subjects, a steady‐state condition was reached in approximately 14 days. M2 and M3 are major circulating metabolites with mean exposure > 10% of mavatrep. Nonrenal clearance was the major route of elimination for mavatrep, M2, and M3. Mavatrep exhibited a long half‐life, ranging from 68 to 101 and 82–130 hours for Japanese and caucasian subjects, respectively. After single and multiple dosing, mavatrep was well tolerated. The most common adverse events observed were thermohypoesthesia, feeling cold, chills, and feeling hot. Mavatrep and its metabolites exhibited similar PK profiles after single ascending doses in healthy Japanese and caucasian men.
Anti‐inflammatory and analgesic activities of cupressuflavone from Cupressus macrocarpa: Impact on pro‐inflammatory mediators
Authors: Al‐Sayed Eman , Gad Haidy A. , El‐Shazly Mohamed , Abdel‐Daim Mohamed M. , Nasser Singab Abdel 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Hit, Lead & Candidate Discovery

Inflammation is a complex biological process that is generally occurs in response to pathological triggers. Both neurodegenerative diseases and cancer have been linked to inflammation. The analgesic and anti‐inflammatory effects of cupressuflavone (CUF) isolated from Cupressus macrocarpa were examined. The analgesic effects of CUF (40, 80 and 160 mg/kg po) were assessed in the acetic acid‐induced writhing and hot plate models in mice with diclofenac sodium as the reference standard (100 mg/kg). CUF dose‐dependently inhibited the writhing response in mice by 25, 48, and 62%, at the three CUF doses with 160 mg/kg being equivalent to the diclofenac control. CUF dose‐dependently increased the hot plate model reaction time with a maximal effect after 120 min. In the carrageenan‐induced paw edema model of inflammation, CUF demonstrated anti‐inflammatory activity by inhibiting paw edema by 55, 60, and 64% at doses of 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg po, respectively. CUF also reduced the plasma pro‐inflammatory mediators PGE2 (44, 54, and 58%), TNF‐α (26, 37, and 53%), IL‐1β (19, 33, and 41%), and IL‐6 (32, 44, and 55%) at the three doses tested with the highest dose having similar effects to diclofenac sodium (100 mg/kg). This finding from this study indicates that CUF has both analgesic and anti‐inflammatory effects.
Salivary uric acid and C‐reactive protein associations with hypertension in Midwestern Latino preadolescents and their parents
Authors: Jones Blake L. , Elwazeer Salma , Taylor Zoe E. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractLatino families face increased risk for hypertension. Serum‐based uric acid and C‐reactive protein have been linked to hypertension. However, a paucity of salivary biomarker data exists in this area for Latino families. Using salivary biomarkers enables less invasive options for biomedical and biosocial research, which is especially important among vulnerable populations facing increased health disparities. This study examined the associations between salivary uric (sUA) acid, salivary C‐reactive protein (sCRP), and hypertension among 151 participants (57 children, 57 mothers, 37 fathers) from 57 Midwestern Latino families. Participants self‐administered the salivary samples, and blood pressure was measured by researchers. Results showed sUA was associated across family members, and child hypertension was related to parents′ hypertension. sCRP was only related to sUA in fathers. Findings highlight the family‐level health connections, along with the importance for further investigations using salivary biomarkers with Latinos, and the need for a robust sUA cut‐off for hyperuricemia.
How tree species identity and diversity affect light transmittance to the understory in mature temperate forests
Authors: Sercu Bram K. , Baeten Lander , van Coillie Frieke , Martel An , Lens Luc , Verheyen Kris , Bonte Dries 
Published: November 2017

AbstractLight is a key resource for plant growth and is of particular importance in forest ecosystems, because of the strong vertical structure leading to successive light interception from canopy to forest floor. Tree species differ in the quantity and heterogeneity of light they transmit. We expect decreases in both the quantity and spatial heterogeneity of light transmittance in mixed stands relative to monocultures, due to complementarity effects and niche filling. We tested the degree to which tree species identity and diversity affected, via differences in tree and shrub cover, the spatiotemporal variation in light availability before, during, and after leaf expansion. Plots with different combinations of three tree species with contrasting light transmittance were selected to obtain a diversity gradient from monocultures to three species mixtures. Light transmittance to the forest floor was measured with hemispherical photography. Increased tree diversity led to increased canopy packing and decreased spatial light heterogeneity at the forest floor in all of the time periods. During leaf expansion, light transmittance did differ between the different tree species and timing of leaf expansion might thus be an important source of variation in light regimes for understory plant species. Although light transmittance at the canopy level after leaf expansion was not measured directly, it most likely differed between tree species and decreased in mixtures due to canopy packing. A complementary shrub layer led, however, to similar light levels at the forest floor in all species combinations in our plots. Synthesis. We find that a complementary shrub layer exploits the higher light availability in particular tree species combinations. Resources at the forest floor are thus ultimately determined by the combined effect of the tree and shrub layer. Mixing species led to less heterogeneity in the amount of light, reducing abiotic niche variability.
South African Cactus Pear Seed Oil: A Comprehensive Study on 42 Spineless Burbank Opuntia ficus‐indica and Opuntia robusta Cultivars
Authors: de Wit Maryna , Hugo Arno , Shongwe Nokuthula 
Published: November 2017

Cactus pear fruit seeds contain oil that can be utilized for human consumption. Forty‐two South African cultivars are evaluated over two seasons for seed oil content and fatty acid composition in an attempt to ascertain the best oil yielding cultivar. Seed oil content varied among cultivars and seasons and the yield ranged between 4.09 and 8.76% of seed mass. The unsaturated fatty acids are the most prominent and were dominated by linoleic acid, which varied between 56.86 and 65.21%, followed by oleic acid (16.44 and 22.51%), while the saturated fatty acids palmitic and stearic acid content ranged from 12.72 to 16.05% and from 2.21 to 3.39%, respectively. Cultivar and variation in rainfall have a statistically significant effect on cactus pear seed oil content and fatty acid composition. Principal Component Analysis show that certain cultivars are exclusively associated with specific characteristics. This is the most comprehensive study of the seed oil characteristics of the available cultivars in South Africa ever to be performed. The American Giant cultivar have the highest seed oil yield.Practical Applications: In a semi‐arid country such as South Africa, the value of by‐products and waste products from a drought resistant plant such as cactus pear should be emphasized. Cactus pear seed oil is a novel and expensive essential oil. The emergence of many small‐holding farms and small‐scale processing facilities necessitated a comprehensive investigation into the oil composition of all the available cactus pear cultivars. Essential knowledge regarding cultivar choice in terms of oil‐production and specific fatty acid composition, as well as seasonal effects thereon, is generated with this research. This research indicats that the American Giant (Opuntia ficus‐indica) cultivar have the highest oil yield wheras the Roly Poly cultivar have the highest linoleic acid content. This data will enable processors to make recommendations to producers to use cultivars with optimum yield and oil quality as production target.Cactus pear fruit seeds contain oil that can be utilized for human consumption. Forty‐two South African cultivars are evaluated over two seasons for seed oil content and fatty acid composition in an attempt to ascertain the best oil yielding cultivar.
Review: Electric field driven pumping in microfluidic device
Authors: Hossan Mohammad R. , Dutta Diganta , Islam Nazmul , Dutta Prashanta 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPumping of fluids with precise control is one of the key components in a microfluidic device. The electric field has been used as one of the most popular and efficient nonmechanical pumping mechanism to transport fluids in microchannels from the very early stage of microfluidic technology development. This review presents fundamental physics and theories of the different microscale phenomena that arise due to the application of an electric field in fluids, which can be applied for pumping of fluids in microdevices. Specific mechanisms considered in this report are electroosmosis, AC electroosmosis, AC electrothermal, induced charge electroosmosis, traveling wave dielectrophoresis, and liquid dielectrophoresis. Each phenomenon is discussed systematically with theoretical rigor and role of relevant key parameters are identified for pumping in microdevices. We specifically discussed the electric field driven body force term for each phenomenon using generalized Maxwell stress tensor as well as simplified effective dipole moment based method. Both experimental and theoretical works by several researchers are highlighted in this article for each electric field driven pumping mechanism. The detailed understanding of these phenomena and relevant key parameters are critical for better utilization, modulation, and selection of appropriate phenomenon for efficient pumping in a specific microfluidic application.
Comprehensive study of three novel cases of TFEB‐amplified renal cell carcinoma and review of the literature: Evidence for a specific entity with poor outcome
Authors: Mendel Lionel , Ambrosetti Damien , Bodokh Yohan , Ngo‐Mai Mélanie , Durand Matthieu , Simbsler‐Michel Cécile , Delhorbe Mickael , Amiel Jean , Pedeutour Florence 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe first case of TFEB‐amplified renal cell carcinoma was published in 2014. Since then, 29 additional cases have been described. The prognostic and therapeutic implications of this rare entity remain to be determined. We describe here the clinical, histological, and genetic features of three novel cases, and the first complete literature review. Four tumors were examined from three patients selected from the large collection of genetically characterized renal tumors in our institution. The pathological and immunohistochemical features were centrally reviewed by a uropathologist. Quantitative and structural genomic abnormalities were analyzed using comparative genomic hybridization, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and next generation sequencing. The three cases showed high‐level amplification but no translocation of TFEB. Histologically, two tumors showed a papillary or pseudopapillary architecture. They did not show similarities with renal cell carcinoma harboring translocation of TFEB. The tumors were locally advanced high‐grade lesions. They exhibited a metastatic course, which was rapidly leading to death in one patient. A second patient developed metastatic disease that did not respond to four lines of targeted treatments. The third patient had a protracted history of pulmonary and cardiac metastases. Complete clinical and biological data were examined and compared to those of the reported cases. Within the classification of renal tumors, TFEB‐amplified renal cell carcinoma may constitute a novel entity characterized histologically by high‐grade, papillary or pseudopapillary architecture, and necrotic remodeling and clinically by a poor outcome. Its pathogenesis has to be further characterized to develop appropriate targeted therapy.
Flexible next‐generation robotic surgical system for transoral endoscopic hypopharyngectomy: A comparative preclinical study
Authors: Tateya Ichiro , Koh Yoon Woo , Tsang Raymond K. , Hong Steven S. , Uozumi Ryuji , Kishimoto Yo , Sugimoto Taro , Holsinger F. Christopher 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this cadaveric study was to determine the efficacy of a flexible, next‐generation robotic surgical system for transoral robotic hypopharyngectomy.MethodsA comparative evaluation study of the flexible versus rigid robotic surgical systems for the hypopharynx was conducted using 3 cadavers. Endpoints for assessment were visualization of the hypopharynx, access to the hypopharynx, and difficulty of dissection. Hypopharyngectomy was performed on 3 other cadavers using the da Vinci Sp surgical system.ResultsAccess to the apex of the pyriform sinus and the esophageal inlet was easier with the da Vinci Sp than with the da Vinci Si. Dissection with the da Vinci Sp was easier in all areas of the hypopharynx than with the da Vinci Si. Robotic hypopharyngectomy was successfully completed on all cadavers using the da Vinci Sp surgical system.ConclusionPreclinical testing in human cadavers suggests that flexible robotic surgery may facilitate successful transoral hypopharyngectomy.
Cisplatin‐conjugated gold nanoparticles as a theranostic agent for head and neck cancer
Authors: Davidi Erez Shmuel , Dreifuss Tamar , Motiei Menachem , Shai Eliezer , Bragilovski Dimitri , Lubimov Leon , Kindler Marc Jose Jonathan , Popovtzer Aron , Don Jeremy , Popovtzer Rachela 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to develop a nanoplatform, which simultaneously acts as radiosensitizer, drug carrier, and tumor imaging agent for head and neck cancer.MethodsWe synthesized 20 nm gold nanoparticles, coated with glucose and cisplatin (CG‐GNPs). Their penetration into tumor cells and their cellular toxicity were evaluated in vitro. In vivo experiments were conducted to evaluate their impact on tumor growth and their imaging capabilities.ResultsThe CG‐GNPs showed efficient penetration into tumor cells and similar cellular toxicity as cisplatin alone. Combined with radiation, CG‐GNPs led to greater tumor reduction than that of radiation alone and radiation with free cisplatin. The CG‐GNPs also demonstrated efficient tumor imaging capabilities.ConclusionOur CG‐GNPs have a great potential to increase antitumor effect, overcome resistance to chemotherapeutics and radiation, and allow imaging‐guided therapy.