bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single stage functional reconstruction of both peroneal tendons and overlying skin with an anterolateral thigh flap and vascularized fascia lata: A case report
Authors: Lykoudis Efstathios G. , Dalianoudis Ioannis , Seretis Konstantinos , Lykoudis George E. , Lykissas Marios G. 
Published: December 2017

Reconstruction of complex soft tissue defects in the distal lower leg remains challenging, since anatomical constraints limit the local options available in this area. In this report, we present a case of single stage functional reconstruction of both peroneal tendons and overlying skin with an anterolateral thigh flap and vascularized fascia lata. A 55‐year‐old patient underwent wide excision of a synovial sarcoma in the distal lower leg, which resulted in a complex defect including the peroneus longus and brevis tendons (10 cm), and the overlying skin (14 × 8 cm). Functional reconstruction was achieved in a single stage with a composite anterolateral thigh flap with vascularized fascia lata of similar dimensions to those of the defect. The fascia lata component of the flap was longitudinally split in two segments. Each of them was rolled up, and that way, two separate vascularized neotendons were created. The neotendons bridged the gap of peroneal tendons, whereas the skin paddle of the flap provided stable soft tissue coverage to the reconstructed tendons. Flap pedicle was anastomosed to the anterior tibial vessels. Early and late postoperative periods were uneventful. Follow up at 1 year postoperatively showed excellent neotendon incorporation, as well as a very good functional and aesthetic outcome. The use of the method described may be a useful alternative in single stage functional reconstruction of composite defects comprising two or even more tendons and the overlying skin.
Plant Polyphenols Stimulate Adhesion to Intestinal Mucosa and Induce Proteome Changes in the Probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM
Authors: Celebioglu Hasan Ufuk , Delsoglio Marta , Brix Susanne , Pessione Enrica , Svensson Birte 
Published: December 2017

ScopePlant phenolics, known to exert beneficial effects on human health, were supplemented to cultures of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM (NCFM) to assess their effect on its adhesive capacity and the abundancy of individual proteins.Methods and resultsThe presence of resveratrol and ferulic acid during bacterial growth stimulated adhesion of NCFM to mucin and human intestinal HT‐29 cells, while tannic acid improved adhesion only to HT‐29 cells and caffeic acid had very modest effect overall. Some dosage dependence was found for the four phenolics supplemented at 100, 250, and 500 μg mL−1 to the cultures. Notably, 500 μg mL−1 ferulic acid only stimulated adhesion to mucin. Analyses of differential whole‐cell as well as surface proteomes revealed relative abundancy changes for a total of 27 and 22 NCFM proteins, respectively. These changes include enzymes acting in metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis, nucleotide metabolism, and stress response, as well as known moonlighting or surface‐associated proteins.ConclusionThe five plant phenolics found in various foods stimulate the adhesive capacity of NCFM in diverse ways and elicit relative abundancy changes of specific proteins, providing molecular level insight into the mechanism of the putative beneficial effects of the polyphenols.
Nerve ultrasound in polyneuropathies
Authors: Telleman Johan A. , Grimm Alexander , Goedee Stephan , Visser Leo H. , Zaidman Craig M. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTUltrasound can be used to visualize pathology in the peripheral nerves of patients with polyneuropathy. Nerve enlargement is the most frequent pathology, but other abnormalities, including abnormal nerve echogenicity and vascularity, are also encountered. This monograph presents an overview of the role of nerve ultrasound in the evaluation and management of both inherited and acquired polyneuropathies. A description of the sonographic techniques and common abnormalities is provided, followed by a presentation of typical findings in different neuropathies. Scoring systems for characterizing the presence and pattern of nerve abnormalities as they relate to different polyneuropathies are presented.Muscle Nerve57: 716–728, 2018
Modeling of non‐Fickian diffusion and dissolution from a thin polymeric coating: An application to drug‐eluting stents
Authors: Gudiño E. , Oishi C. M. , Sequeira A. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryIn this paper, we present a general model for non‐Fickian diffusion and drug dissolution from a controlled drug delivery device coated with a thin polymeric layer. First, we study the stability and deduce an analytic solution to the problem. Then, we consider this solution and provide suitable boundary conditions to replace the problem of mass transport in the coating of a coronary drug‐eluting stent. With this approach, we reduced the computational cost of performing numerical simulations in complex 3‐dimensional geometries. The model for mass transport by a coronary drug‐eluting stent is coupled with a non‐Newtonian blood model flow. In order to show the effectiveness of the method, numerical experiments and a model validation with experimental data are also included. In particular, we investigate the influence of the non‐Newtonian flow regime on the drug deposition in the arterial wall.
Leptin in Maternal Plasma and Cord Blood as a Predictor of Offspring Adiposity at 5 Years: A Follow‐up Study
Authors: Meyer Dorothy Marie , Brei Christina , Stecher Lynne , Much Daniela , Brunner Stefanie , Hauner Hans 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivePerinatal leptin exposure may modulate the risk of adiposity in early childhood. In previous analyses, negative associations between maternal (32 weeks' gestation) and cord blood leptin and offspring body composition at 2 years were observed.MethodsAssociations between maternal/cord blood leptin were assessed with indirect (i.e., body weight, BMI percentiles, sum of 4 skinfold thicknesses), and direct (i.e., ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging in a subgroup) growth and adipose tissue (AT) measurements in 120 children aged 3 to 5 years.ResultsMaternal leptin was not shown to be associated with offspring body composition in univariate analyses. In adjusted analyses, some weak negative associations were observed with weight and BMI percentiles but not with sum of 4 skinfold thicknesses or calculated body fat at 3 to 5 years. Cord blood leptin was inversely related to offspring body composition, but effect sizes were small and not consistently statistically significant. No evidence of associations with direct AT measurements was observed.ConclusionsAlthough some negative relationships with indirect measurements of AT mass were observed, the results of this study do not provide sufficient evidence that maternal plasma or cord blood leptin is clinically relevant predictors of obesity or body fat distribution in early childhood.
A new method to visualize obesity prevalence in Seattle‐King County at the census block level
Authors: Drewnowski A. , Buszkiewicz J. , Aggarwal A. , Cook A. , Moudon A. V. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryObjectiveThe aim of this study is to map obesity prevalence in Seattle King County at the census block level.MethodsData for 1,632 adult men and women came from the Seattle Obesity Study I. Demographic, socioeconomic and anthropometric data were collected via telephone survey. Home addresses were geocoded, and tax parcel residential property values were obtained from the King County tax assessor. Multiple logistic regression tested associations between house prices and obesity rates. House prices aggregated to census blocks and split into deciles were used to generate obesity heat maps.ResultsDeciles of property values for Seattle Obesity Study participants corresponded to county‐wide deciles. Low residential property values were associated with high obesity rates (odds ratio, OR: 0.36; 95% confidence interval, CI [0.25, 0.51] in tertile 3 vs. tertile 1), adjusting for age, gender, race, home ownership, education, and incomes. Heat maps of obesity by census block captured differences by geographic area.ConclusionResidential property values, an objective measure of individual and area socioeconomic status, are a useful tool for visualizing socioeconomic disparities in diet quality and health.
Podocytes are new cellular targets of haemoglobin‐mediated renal damage
Authors: Rubio‐Navarro Alfonso , Sanchez‐Niño Maria Dolores , Guerrero‐Hue Melania , García‐Caballero Cristina , Gutiérrez Eduardo , Yuste Claudia , Sevillano Ángel , Praga Manuel , Egea Javier , Román Elena , Cannata Pablo , Ortega Rosa , Cortegano Isabel , de Andrés Belén , Gaspar María Luisa , Cadenas Susana , Ortiz Alberto , Egido Jesús , Moreno Juan Antonio 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRecurrent and massive intravascular haemolysis induces proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis, and progressive impairment of renal function, suggesting podocyte injury. However, the effects of haemoglobin (Hb) on podocytes remain unexplored. Our results show that cultured human podocytes or podocytes isolated from murine glomeruli bound and endocytosed Hb through the megalin–cubilin receptor system, thus resulting in increased intracellular Hb catabolism, oxidative stress, activation of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, and altered podocyte morphology, with decreased expression of the slit diaphragm proteins nephrin and synaptopodin. Hb uptake activated nuclear factor erythroid‐2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) and induced expression of the Nrf2‐related antioxidant proteins haem oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) and ferritin. Nrf2 activation and Hb staining was observed in podocytes of mice with intravascular haemolysis. These mice developed proteinuria and showed podocyte injury, characterized by foot process effacement, decreased synaptopodin and nephrin expression, and podocyte apoptosis. These pathological effects were enhanced in Nrf2‐deficient mice, whereas Nrf2 activation with sulphoraphane protected podocytes against Hb toxicity both in vivo and in vitro. Supporting the translational significance of our findings, we observed podocyte damage and podocytes stained for Hb, HO‐1, ferritin and phosphorylated Nrf2 in renal sections and urinary sediments of patients with massive intravascular haemolysis, such as atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome and paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria. In conclusion, podocytes take up Hb both in vitro and during intravascular haemolysis, promoting oxidative stress, podocyte dysfunction, and apoptosis. Nrf2 may be a potential therapeutic target to prevent loss of renal function in patients with intravascular haemolysis. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selective Profiling of Saponins from Gypsophila trichotoma Wend. by HILIC Separation and HRMS Detection
Authors: Gevrenova Reneta , Bardarov Ventzislav , Bardarov Krum , Voutquenne‐Nazabadioko Laurence , Henry Max 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIntroductionRoots of Gypsophila trichotoma Wend. (Caryophyllaceae) are rich sources of glucuronide oleanane‐type triterpenoid carboxylic acid 3,28‐O‐bidesmosides (GOTCABs). These saponins have been reported to possess synergistic cytotoxicity in combination with type I ribosome‐inactivating protein saporin.ObjectiveTo develop ultra high‐performance liquid chromatography – electrospray ionisation/high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐ESI/HRMS) acquisition strategy for the recognition of Gypsophila GOTCAB saponins.MethodologyA highly‐selective hydrophilic interaction UHPLC method (Si‐HILIC UHPLC) was developed for the separation of GOTCAB saponins from the methanol‐aqueous root extract of G. trichotoma (GTR). UHPLC was coupled to an Orbitrap mass spectrometer equipped with heated electrospray ionisation (HESI) probe. ESI‐HRMS and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data of the separated compounds was used for saponins structure assignment.ResultsBased on the conformity of the fragmentation of 11 previously identified GTR saponins, 21 GOTCAB forming between two and four isobaric and positional isomers are identified with proposals for their structures. Tables with assignment of characteristic fragment ions and more than 10 newly identified saponins in GTR were described. Fragmentation rules for tentative identification of three major types of saponins from GTR were summarised and possible fragmentation pathways were proposed. Type I and II consisted of acylated and sulphated GOTCABs, respectively, while type III included acylated and sulphated saponins. The type II sulphated GOTCAB saponins were all previously not described.ConclusionsThe study demonstrates the potential of the coupling of highly‐selective (Si)‐HILIC UHPLC with HRMS and MS/MS detection for analysis and identification of triterpenoid saponins. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rearomatization of trifluoromethyl sulfonyl dihydropyridines: Thermolysis vs photolysis
Authors: Firpo Guadalupe , Cooke María V. , Peláez Walter J. , Chans Guillermo M. , Argüello Gustavo A. , Gómez Elizabeth , Alvarez‐Toledano Cecilio 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this article, we describe the static gas‐phase pyrolysis, microwave‐induced pyrolysis, and photolysis reactions of trifluoromethyl sulfonyl dihydropyridines. The goal of this work was to find a methodology that allows obtaining of substituted pyridines—which are known to be difficult to synthesize—to be reused in a new substitution reaction. We demonstrated that it is possible to achieve the rearomatization process by the elimination of the trifluoromethyl sulfonyl moiety through the 3 processes, with the static pyrolysis being the best method to obtain the substituted pyridines. In addition, we propose the 1,4‐elimination (CF3SO2 + H) as the first step, since it is the less energetic process, as has also been corroborated by calculations. A competitive reaction (CO2 extrusion) also occurs, yielding undesired products.
Measurement, Correlation and Thermodynamics of Solubility of 2,6‐Diamino‐3,5‐Dinitropyrazine‐1‐Oxide (LLM‐105) in Eight Solvents
Authors: Bu Rupeng , Zhou Xiaoqing , Huang Qi , Yu Yanwu , Li Hongzhen 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe solubility of insensitive explosive 2,6‐diamino‐3,5‐dinitropyrazine‐1‐oxide (LLM‐105) in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF), N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP), N,N‐diethylformamide (DEF), 1,4‐dioxane, 1,4‐butyrolactone, ethyl acetate and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([Bmim]CF3SO3), were measured by a polythermal method in the temperature range of 293.15 K to 375.15 K at the atmospheric pressure. The solubility of LLM‐105 decreased in the order of DMSO, NMP, DMF, DEF, 1,4‐butyrolactone, [Bmim]CF3SO3, 1,4‐dioxane, ethyl acetate. With higher temperature, the solubility of LLM‐105 increased in all solvents. The solubility data was correlated against temperature with the modified Apelblat equation and Ideal solution model. In addition, the dissolution enthalpy, entropy, and mole Gibbs free energy of LLM‐105 in each solvent were also calculated from the experimental solubility data by using van′t Hoff equation with the temperature dependence. The results show that the dissolution process of LLM‐105 in these solvents is endothermic and the mechanism is the entropy‐driving. DMSO is suggested as the appropriate solvent for the cooling crystallization or drowning‐out crystallization of LLM‐105.
Kullback–Leibler and relative Fisher information as descriptors of locality
Authors: Levämäki Henrik , Nagy Ágnes , Vilja Iiro , Kokko Kalevi , Vitos Levente 
Published: December 2017

AbstractKullback–Leibler and relative Fisher information functionals are applied in studying deviation from local density approximation. The reduced density gradient s and the local kinetic energy parameter α are key ingredients of these new locality descriptors. The relative Kullback–Leibler information density contains extra knowledge as it is negative where the given probability density is smaller than the reference density. The relative Fisher information incorporates the highest order deviations from the uniform electron gas approximation.
Identifying apparent local stable isotope equilibrium in a complex non‐equilibrium system
Authors: He Yuyang , Cao Xiaobin , Wang Jianwei , Bao Huiming 
Published: December 2017

RationaleAlthough being out of equilibrium, biomolecules in organisms have the potential to approach isotope equilibrium locally because enzymatic reactions are intrinsically reversible. A rigorous approach that can describe isotope distribution among biomolecules and their apparent deviation from equilibrium state is lacking, however.MethodsApplying the concept of distance matrix in graph theory, we propose that apparent local isotope equilibrium among a subset of biomolecules can be assessed using an apparent fractionation difference (|Δα|) matrix, in which the differences between the observed isotope composition (δ') and the calculated equilibrium fractionation factor (1000lnβ) can be more rigorously evaluated than by using a previous approach for multiple biomolecules. We tested our |Δα| matrix approach by re‐analyzing published data of different amino acids (AAs) in potato and in green alga.ResultsOur re‐analysis shows that biosynthesis pathways could be the reason for an apparently close‐to‐equilibrium relationship inside AA families in potato leaves. Different biosynthesis/degradation pathways in tubers may have led to the observed isotope distribution difference between potato leaves and tubers. The analysis of data from green algae does not support the conclusion that AAs are further from equilibrium in glucose‐cultured green algae than in the autotrophic ones.ConclusionsApplication of the |Δα| matrix can help us to locate potential reversible reactions or reaction networks in a complex system such as a metabolic system. The same approach can be broadly applied to all complex systems that have multiple components, e.g. geochemical or atmospheric systems of early Earth or other planets.
A Simple Modification Method to Obtain Anisotropic and Porous 3D Microfibrillar Scaffolds for Surgical and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Hosseini Vahid , Evrova Olivera , Hoerstrup Simon P. , Vogel Viola 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn native tissues, cellular organization is predominantly anisotropic. Yet, it remains a challenge to engineer anisotropic scaffolds that promote anisotropic cellular organization at macroscopic length scales. To overcome this challenge, an innovative, cheap and easy method to align clinically approved non‐woven surgical microfibrillar scaffolds is presented. The method involves a three‐step process of coating, unidirectional stretching of scaffolds after heating them above glass transition temperature, and cooling back to room temperature. Briefly, a polymer coating is applied to a non‐woven mesh that results in a partial welding of randomly oriented microfibers at their intersection points. The coated scaffold is then heated above the glass transition temperature of the coating and the scaffold polymer. Subsequently, the coated scaffold is stretched to produce aligned and three dimentional (3D) porous fibrillar scaffolds. In a proof of concept study, a polyglycolic acid (PGA) micro‐fibrillar scaffold was coated with poly(4‐hydroxybutirate) (P4HB) acid and subsequently aligned. Fibroblasts were cultured in vitro within the scaffold and results showed an increase in cellular alignment along the direction of the PGA fibers. This method can be scaled up easily for industrial production of polymeric meshes or directly applied to small pieces of scaffolds at the point of care.
Solid‐State Diffusional Behaviors of Functional Metal Oxides at Atomic Scale
Authors: Chen Jui‐Yuan , Huang Chun‐Wei , Wu Wen‐Wei 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMetal/metal oxides have attracted extensive research interest because of their combination of functional properties and compatibility with industry. Diffusion and thermal reliability have become essential issues that require detailed study to develop atomic‐scaled functional devices. In this work, the diffusional reaction behavior that transforms piezoelectric ZnO into magnetic Fe3O4 is investigated at the atomic scale. The growth kinetics of metal oxides are systematically studied through macro‐ and microanalyses. The growth rates are evaluated by morphology changes, which determine whether the growth behavior was a diffusion‐ or reaction‐controlled process. Furthermore, atom attachment on the kink step is observed at the atomic scale, which has important implications for the thermodynamics of functional metal oxides. Faster growth planes simultaneously decrease, which result in the predominance of low surface energy planes. These results directly reveal the atomic formation process of metal oxide via solid‐state diffusion. In addition, the nanofabricated method provides a novel approach to investigate metal oxide evolution and sheds light on diffusional reaction behavior. More importantly, the results and phenomena of this study provide considerable inspiration to enhance the material stability and reliability of metal/oxide‐based devices.
Cu2+‐Modified Metal–Organic Framework Nanoparticles: A Peroxidase‐Mimicking Nanoenzyme
Authors: Chen Wei‐Hai , Vázquez‐González Margarita , Kozell Anna , Cecconello Alessandro , Willner Itamar 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of UiO‐type metal–organic framework nanoparticles (NMOFs) composed of Zr4+ ions bridged by 2,2′‐bipyridine‐5,5′‐dicarboxylic acid ligands and the postmodification of the NMOFs with Cu2+ ions are described. The resulting Cu2+‐modified NMOFs, Cu2+‐NMOFs, exhibit peroxidase‐like catalytic activities reflected by the catalyzed oxidation of Amplex‐Red to the fluorescent Resorufin by H2O2, the catalyzed oxidation of dopamine to aminochrome by H2O2, and the catalyzed generation of chemiluminescence in the presence of luminol/H2O2. Also, the Cu2+‐NMOFs mimic NADH peroxidase functions and catalyze the oxidation of dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADH, to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD+, in the presence of H2O2. The Cu2+‐NMOFs‐catalyzed generation of chemiluminescence in the presence of luminol/H2O2 is used to develop a glucose sensor by monitoring the H2O2 formed by the aerobic oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid in the presence of glucose oxidase. Furthermore, loading the Cu2+‐NMOFs with fluorescein and activating the catalyzed generation of chemiluminescence in the presence of luminol/H2O2 yield an efficient chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET) process to the fluorescein reflected by the activation of the fluorescence of the dye (λ = 520 nm, CRET efficiency 35%).