bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of a telephone‐based medical nutrition program on blood lipid and lipoprotein metabolism: Results of Our Healthy Heart
Authors: Miller Kelsey E. , Martz Daniel C. , Stoner Cathey , Jowers Audrey , Taheri Megan L. , Sarzynski Mark A. , Davis Rachel A.H. , Plaisance Eric P. 
Published: July 2017

AimDerangements in blood lipid and lipoprotein metabolism are one of the leading causes of coronary heart disease (CHD). Therapeutic lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise are often prescribed to improve blood lipid and lipoprotein characteristics, but the efficacy of a telephone‐based health coaching program has not been thoroughly explored. Our purpose was to examine effects of the Our Healthy Heart (OHH) Program on blood lipid and lipoprotein characteristics of individuals with mixed dyslipidaemia.MethodsCholesterol content of serum very low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL), low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) and high‐density (HDL) subfractions and apolipoprotein concentrations were measured by vertical‐density ultracentrifugation (Vertical Auto Profile (VAP)) from 1522 individuals with mixed dyslipidaemia (age 18–99 years, body mass index (BMI) 25–40, 62.7% female). Telephone‐based health coaching (OHH, n = 722) or standard care (Control, n = 800) was provided for six months followed by VAP to evaluate changes in lipid and lipoprotein concentrations. Controls were obtained from individuals with similar blood lipid/lipoprotein characteristics who did not participate in the OHH Program. Coaches collected baseline self‐reported data on anthropometrics, food intake and exercise. Participants in the OHH group were then prescribed a hypocaloric 500 kcal/day caloric deficit with encouragement to participate in physical activity. A two‐way ANOVA was used to examine differences between groups over time, with results presented as means ± standard deviation.ResultsHealth coaching significantly decreased serum concentrations of apoB100 (104.5 ± 25.8–94.3 ± 24.8 mg/dL), shifted LDL pattern size from B to A or A/B in over 60% of the OHH group and decreased cholesterol content of all VLDL subfractions (P < 0.05) compared to the control.ConclusionsTelephone‐based health coaching recommendations to reduce dietary energy intake and increase physical activity produced significant improvements in cholesterol content of atherogenic lipoproteins, which are known to increase CHD risk.
Simulation‐based training program with deliberate practice for ultrasound‐guided jugular central venous catheter placement
Authors: Corvetto M. A. , Pedemonte J. C. , Varas D. , Fuentes C. , Altermatt F. R. 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundCurrent evidence supports the utility of simulation training for bedside procedures such as ultrasound‐guided jugular central venous catheter (CVC) insertion. However, a standardized methodology to teach procedural skills has not been determined yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a simulation‐based training program for improving novice technical performance during ultrasound‐guided internal jugular CVC placement.MethodsPostgraduate year 1 (PGY‐1) residents from anesthesiology, emergency medicine, cardiology, ICU, and nephrology specialties were trained in four deliberate practice sessions. Learning objectives included principles of ultrasound (US), preparation (gown, glove, draping), procedural skills I (US scanning and puncture), and procedural skills II (catheter insertion). CVC technical proficiency was tested pre‐ and post‐training using hand‐motion analysis with the Imperial College Surgical Assessment Device (ICSAD) and a global rating scale (GRS).ResultsThirty‐five PGY‐1 residents successfully completed the program. These novices' GRS scores improved significantly after the training (P < 0.001). Total path length measured with the ICSAD decreased significantly after the training (P = 0.008). Procedural time decreased significantly after training from 387 (310–501) seconds to 200 (157–261) seconds (median and interquartile range) (P = 0.029).ConclusionThis simulation‐training program based on deliberate practice significantly increased the technical skills of residents in US‐guided short‐axis, out‐of‐plane internal jugular CVC placement. Data also confirm the validity of the ICSAD as an assessment tool for ultrasound‐guided internal jugular CVC placement learning.
Development and evaluation of online education to increase the forensic relevance of oral health records
Authors: Stow L , Higgins D 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundHuman identification can be reliably established by dental comparison; success is significantly impacted by inadequate ante‐mortem information. Previous Australian research revealed suboptimal recording of features important for forensic dental identification and compliance with Dental Board of Australia guidelines. We hence created and evaluated an online education programme aimed at improving oral health practitioner recording.MethodsAn interactive learning module (ILM) was constructed and released to three focus groups representing practitioners with varying experience levels: Australian Society of Forensic Odontology members, third year dental students and the wider dental community. Pre‐ and post‐participation perceptions were recorded, with percentage, mean, broad agreement, standard deviation and statistical significance between responses determined.ResultsImproved recognition of importance of record keeping, knowledge, confidence, skill and motivation to learn was seen following ILM interaction. This was particularly significant for students, participants with 3–5 years of experience in their current occupation and those whose highest level of education was achieved in Australia.ConclusionsThe ILM increased self‐reported awareness, understanding and attitude of participants with different levels of case note recording experience; this can improve recording practises and aid forensic dental identification if utilized in undergraduate teaching and as a continuing professional development tool for dental practitioners.
Food intake and darunavir plasma concentrations in people living with HIV in an outpatient setting
Authors: Daskapan Alper , Dijkema Desie , de Weerd Dorien A. , Bierman Wouter F. W. , Kosterink Jos G. W. , van der Werf Tjip S. , Alffenaar Jan‐Willem C. , Stienstra Ymkje 
Published: July 2017

AimsPatients receiving darunavir are advised to take it concomitantly with food. The objectives of the present cross‐sectional study were to evaluate the actual concomitant food intake of patients visiting an HIV outpatient clinic.MethodsSixty participants treated with darunavir/ritonavir once daily were subjected to a food recall questionnaire concerning their last concomitant food intake with darunavir. Darunavir trough concentrations were calculated.ResultsThe median food intake was 507 (0–2707) kcal; protein intake, 20 (0–221)g; carbohydrate intake, 62 (0–267)g; fat intake: 14 (0–143)g; and dietary fibre: 4 (0–30)g. Twenty‐five patients (42%) ingested their drug with between‐meal snacks. No relationship was found between food intake and trough concentrations.ConclusionsClear advice on the optimal caloric intake is needed, to avoid high caloric intake in patients who already have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease due to their HIV infection.
NFAT‐regulated cytokine gene expression during tacrolimus therapy early after renal transplantation
Authors: Bremer Sara , Vethe Nils T. , Skauby Morten , Kasbo Margrete , Johansson Elisabet D. , Midtvedt Karsten , Bergan Stein 
Published: July 2017

AimsDespite pharmacokinetic monitoring of calcineurin inhibitors, the long‐term outcome after transplantation (Tx) is still hampered by the side effects of these drugs. The aim of the present study was to characterize nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)‐regulated gene expression as a potential pharmacodynamic biomarker for further individualization of tacrolimus (Tac) therapy.MethodsIn 29 renal allograft recipients, samples were drawn once pre‐Tx, and before and 1.5 h after Tac dosing at approximately 1 week, 6 weeks and 1 year post‐Tx. Tac concentrations were measured by immunoassay, while the expression of genes encoding NFAT‐regulated cytokines [interleukin 2 (IL2), interferon gamma (IFNG), colony stimulating factor 2 (CSF2)] and cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5) genotyping were determined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsThe cytokine response after Tac dosing varied up to 46‐fold between patients and changed significantly with time post‐engraftment. Tac concentrations 1.5 h postdose (C1.5) >15 μg l–1 were associated with strong cytokine inhibition and residual gene expression (RGE) ≤10%, while lower Tac C1.5 resulted in more variable responses (RGE 2.5–68.7%). Patients with ongoing subclinical acute rejection (n = 5) demonstrated limited cytokine inhibition (RGE 39.7–72.6%), while patients with polyoma virus viraemia (n = 3) had relatively strong inhibition of cytokines (RGE 2.5–32.5%). By contrast, there was no association between Tac exposure and rejection or viraemia.ConclusionsThe findings of our study support the potential of NFAT‐regulated gene expression measurements as a pharmacodynamic tool for additional monitoring of Tac therapy, especially in the context of overimmunosuppression and viraemia.
Drug repurposing screens and synergistic drug‐combinations for infectious diseases
Authors: Zheng Wei , Sun Wei , Simeonov Anton 
Published: July 2017

Infectious diseases account for nearly one fifth of the worldwide death toll every year. The continuous increase of drug‐resistant pathogens is a big challenge for treatment of infectious diseases. In addition, outbreaks of infections and new pathogens are potential threats to public health. Lack of effective treatments for drug‐resistant bacteria and recent outbreaks of Ebola and Zika viral infections have become a global public health concern. The number of newly approved antibiotics has decreased significantly in the last two decades compared with previous decades. In parallel with this, is an increase in the number of drug‐resistant bacteria. For these threats and challenges to be countered, new strategies and technology platforms are critically needed. Drug repurposing has emerged as an alternative approach for rapid identification of effective therapeutics to treat the infectious diseases. For treatment of severe infections, synergistic drug combinations using approved drugs identified from drug repurposing screens is a useful option which may overcome the problem of weak activity of individual drugs. Collaborative efforts including government, academic researchers and private drug industry can facilitate the translational research to produce more effective new therapeutic agents such as narrow spectrum antibiotics against drug‐resistant bacteria for these global challenges.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Inventing New Therapies Without Reinventing the Wheel: The Power of Drug Repurposing. To view the other articles in this section visithttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.2/issuetoc
Simultaneous patch testing with fragrance mix I, fragrance mix II and their ingredients in southern Sweden between 2009 and 2015
Authors: Mowitz Martin , Svedman Cecilia , Zimerson Erik , Isaksson Marléne , Pontén Ann , Bruze Magnus 
Published: July 2017

SummaryBackgroundFragrance mix I (FM I) and fragrance mix II (FM II) are included in the European baseline series as screening substances for fragrance contact allergy.ObjectivesTo investigate the frequency of allergic reactions to FM I, FM II and their ingredients in consecutively patch tested patients.Materials and methodsA retrospective analysis of data from 4430 patients patch tested between 2009 and 2015 was performed.ResultsOf the patients, 6.5% were FM I‐positive and 3.2% were FM II‐positive. Forty‐five per cent of FM I‐positive patients did not have positive reactions to FM I ingredients. Thirty‐five per cent of those who were FM II‐positive did not have positive reactions to FM II ingredients. Twenty‐seven per cent of those with positive reactions to one or more of the FM I ingredients were FM I‐negative, and 36% of those who had positive reactions to one or more of the FM II ingredients were FM II‐negative. The allergens with the highest pick‐up rates were Evernia prunastri (1.8%), cinnamal (1.3%), citral (1.2%), and hydroxyisohexyl 3‐cyclohexene carboxaldehyde (1.2%). Significant differences were observed in the proportions of positive reactions to FM I, FM II, eugenol, isoeugenol, and farnesol when results from patch testing with materials from different suppliers were compared.ConclusionsThere is a risk of missing fragrance contact allergy when testing with only the fragrance mixes is performed. The use of preparations from different suppliers may affect the patch test results.
In‐situ prediction of soil organic carbon by vis–NIR spectroscopy: an efficient use of limited field data
Authors: Kühnel A. , Bogner C. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryVisible–near‐infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (vis–NIR DRS) has been widely used to predict soil organic carbon (SOC) in the laboratory. Predictions made directly from soil spectra measured in situ under field conditions, however, remain challenging. This study addresses the issue of incorporating in‐situ reflectance spectra efficiently into calibration data when a few field measurements only are available. We applied the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) to generate new data with in‐situ reflectance spectra from soil profiles. Subsequently, we combined existing spectral libraries with these new synthetic data to predict SOC by partial least squares regression (PLSR). We found that models with added synthetic spectra always outperformed models based on the spectral libraries alone and in most cases also those with added in‐situ spectra only. We used the models to predict the distribution of SOC in soil profiles under five different land uses at Mount Kilimanjaro (Tanzania). Based on our results, we propose a framework for predicting SOC with a limited number of in‐situ soil spectra. This framework could effectively reduce the costs of developing in‐situ models for SOC at the local scale.Highlights

We compare predictions of soil organic carbon from spectra of dried and sieved samples, field samples and calculated spectra.
We use the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) to calculate new soil spectra.
Models with SMOTE outperform models with dried and field spectra in most cases.
SMOTE can be used to reduce prediction errors when a few field data only are available for calibration.
PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors in haematological malignancies: update 2017
Authors: Jelinek Tomas , Mihalyova Jana , Kascak Michal , Duras Juraj , Hajek Roman 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThe introduction of PD‐1/PD‐L1 pathway inhibitors is an important landmark in solid oncology with unprecedented practice‐changing activity in various types of solid tumours. Among haematological malignancies, PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors have been successful, so far, only in the treatment of classical Hodgkin lymphoma, which typically exhibits an over‐expression of PD‐1 ligands (PD‐L1, PD‐L2) due to alterations in chromosome 9p24.1. Such positive outcomes led to the US Food and Drug Administration approval of nivolumab use in relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma in 2016 as the first haematological indication. Although the results in other lymphoid malignancies have not been so striking, blockade of the PD‐1/PD‐L1 axis has led to meaningful responses in other lymphoma types such as diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma or several T‐cell lymphomas. Monotherapy with PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and multiple myeloma has been unsatisfactory, suggesting that a combinational approach with other synergistic drugs is needed. In the case of multiple myeloma, immunomodulatory agents together with corticosteroids represent the most promising combinations. Among myeloid malignancies, the anti‐PD‐1 monoclonal antibodies are examined dominantly in acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes in combination with potentially synergistic hypomethylating drugs such as 5‐azacitidine, resulting in promising outcomes that warrant further investigation. We have described all available clinical results of PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors in haematological malignancies and discussed related toxicities, as well as highlighted crucial preclinical studies in this review.
PI3K‐Akt pathway enhances the differentiation of interleukin‐27‐induced type 1 regulatory T cells
Authors: Nadya Niken Adiba , Tezuka Hiroyuki , Ohteki Toshiaki , Matsuda Satoshi , Azuma Miyuki , Nagai Shigenori 
Published: July 2017

SummaryInterleukin 27 (IL‐27) has been identified as a potent cytokine in the differentiation of type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells through interactions with several key elements, including transcription factors such as aryl hydrocarbon receptor and IL‐21. Autocrine production of IL‐21 is known to be important for maintaining IL‐10 expression by Tr1 cells. Although previous studies have shown that the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) –Akt axis contributes to the differentiation of helper T‐cell subsets, the role of the PI3K pathway on Tr1 cell differentiation remains to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that suppression of the PI3K‐Akt pathway results in impairment of IL‐27‐induced Tr1 (IL‐27–Tr1) cell differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, this suppression down‐regulates IL‐21 receptor expression by Tr1 cells, followed by suppression of IL‐10 expression by IL‐27–Tr1 cells. These results suggest that the PI3K pathway enhances IL‐10 expression by IL‐27–Tr1 cells through up‐regulation of IL‐21 receptors.
Role of inbreeding depression, non‐inbred dominance deviations and random year‐season effect in genetic trends for prolificacy in closed rabbit lines
Authors: Fernández E.N. , Sánchez J.P. , Martínez R. , Legarra A. , Baselga M. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryIn closed rabbit lines selected for prolificacy at the Polytechnic University of Valencia, genetic responses are predicted using BLUP. With a standard additive BLUP model and year‐season (YS) effects fitted as fixed, genetic trends were overestimated compared to responses estimated using control populations obtained from frozen embryos. In these lines, there is a confounding between genetic trend, YS effects and inbreeding, and the role of dominance is uncertain. This is a common situation in data from reproductively closed selection lines. This paper fits different genetic evaluation models to data of these lines, aiming to identify the source of these biases: dominance, inbreeding depression and/or an ill‐conditioned model due to the strong collinearity between YS, inbreeding and genetic trend. The study involved three maternal lines (A, V and H) and analysed two traits, total born (TB) and the number of kits at weaning (NW). Models fitting YS effect as fixed or random were implemented, in addition to additive genetic, permanent environment effects and non‐inbred dominance deviations effects. When YS was fitted as a fixed effect, the genetic trends were overestimated compared to control populations, inbreeding had an apparent positive effect on litter size and the environmental trends were negative. When YS was fitted as random, the genetic trends were compatible with control populations results, inbreeding had a negative effect (lower prolificacy) and environmental trends were flat. The model fitting random YS, inbreeding and non‐inbred dominance deviations yielded the following ratios of additive and dominance variances to total variance for NW: 0.06 and 0.01 for line A, 0.06 and 0.00 for line V and 0.01 and 0.08 for line H. Except for line H, dominance deviations seem to be of low relevance. When it is confounded with inbreeding as in these lines, fitting YS effect as random allows correct estimation of genetic trends.
Does daily climate variation have an effect on species’ elevational range size?
Authors: Qian Hong , Field Richard , Zhang Jian , Zhang Yangjian 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn their recent paper published in Science (2016, 351, 1437–1439), Chan et al. analysed 137 montane gradients, concluding that they found a novel pattern—a negative relationship between mean elevational range size of species and daily temperature variation, which was claimed as empirical evidence for a novel macrophysiological principle (Gilchrist's hypothesis). This intriguing possibility was their key conceptual contribution. Unfortunately, as we show, the empirical evidence was flawed because of errors in the analyses and substantial sampling bias in the data. First, we re‐ran their analyses using their data, finding that their model should have been rejected. Second, we performed two additional re‐analyses of their data, addressing biases and pseudoreplication in different ways, both times again rejecting the evidence claimed to support Gilchrist's hypothesis. These results overturn the key empirical findings of Chan et al.'s study. Therefore, the “macrophysiological principle” should be regarded as currently remaining unsupported by empirical evidence.
Nanoscopic analysis of oxygen segregation at tilt boundaries in silicon ingots using atom probe tomography combined with TEM and ab initio calculations
Authors: OHNO Y. , INOUE K. , FUJIWARA K. , KUTSUKAKE K. , DEURA M. , YONENAGA I. , EBISAWA N. , SHIMIZU Y. , INOUE K. , NAGAI Y. , YOSHIDA H. , TAKEDA S. , TANAKA S. , KOHYAMA M. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryWe have developed an analytical method to determine the segregation levels on the same tilt boundaries (TBs) at the same nanoscopic location by a joint use of atom probe tomography and scanning transmission electron microscopy, and discussed the mechanism of oxygen segregation at TBs in silicon ingots in terms of bond distortions around the TBs. The three‐dimensional distribution of oxygen atoms was determined at the typical small‐ and large‐angle TBs by atom probe tomography with a low impurity detection limit (0.01 at.% on a TB plane) simultaneously with high spatial resolution (about 0.4 nm). The three‐dimensional distribution was correlated with the atomic stress around the TBs; the stress at large‐angle TBs was estimated by ab initio calculations based on atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy data and that at small‐angle TBs were calculated with the elastic theory based on dark‐field transmission electron microscopy data. Oxygen atoms would segregate at bond‐centred sites under tensile stress above about 2 GPa, so as to attain a more stable bonding network by reducing the local stress. The number of oxygen atoms segregating in a unit TB area NGB (in atoms nm−2) was determined to be proportional to both the number of the atomic sites under tensile stress in a unit TB area nbc and the average concentration of oxygen atoms around the TB [Oi] (in at.%) with NGB ∼ 50 nbc[Oi].