bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A deep learning approach for detecting malicious JavaScript code
Authors: Wang Yao , Cai Wan‐dong , Wei Peng‐cheng 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMalicious JavaScript code in webpages on the Internet is an emergent security issue because of its universality and potentially severe impact. Because of its obfuscation and complexities, detecting it has a considerable cost. Over the last few years, several machine learning‐based detection approaches have been proposed; most of them use shallow discriminating models with features that are constructed with artificial rules. However, with the advent of the big data era for information transmission, these existing methods already cannot satisfy actual needs. In this paper, we present a new deep learning framework for detection of malicious JavaScript code, from which we obtained the highest detection accuracy compared with the control group. The architecture is composed of a sparse random projection, deep learning model, and logistic regression. Stacked denoising auto‐encoders were used to extract high‐level features from JavaScript code; logistic regression as a classifier was used to distinguish between malicious and benign JavaScript code. Experimental results indicated that our architecture, with over 27 000 labeled samples, can achieve an accuracy of up to 95%, with a false positive rate less than 4.2% in the best case. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Welding of IN792 DS superalloy by electron beam
Authors: Montanari R. , Varone A. , Barbieri G. , Soltani P. , Mezzi A. , Kaciulis S. 
Published: February 2016

Ni‐based superalloys are widely used in the components of aeronautic engines and gas turbines operating at the highest temperatures. During the service life, surface cracks may form in these mechanical parts; therefore, their repairing by welding is of great technological relevance.Seams have been realized by means of electron beam welding (EBW) on plates of IN792 DS superalloy with material pre‐heating. They are free of macro‐defects like cracks and pores; however, microstructural changes are observed in molten (MZ) and heat affected (HAZ) zones. The amount of γ' phase in MZ is smaller than that in the base metal, and the particles are very fine with an average size of 20 nm that leads to an increase of hardness. In HAZ particle, coarsening takes place as a consequence of heating; therefore, hardness slightly decreases with respect the base metal.X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy analyses carried out inside and outside the MZ, and the results show that the distribution of chemical elements remains homogeneous in the sample. Auger electron spectroscopy line scans with higher lateral resolution evidenced that the center of MZ is depleted of Mo and rich of Cr. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel Function of Serine Protease HTRA1 in Inhibiting Adipogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells via MAP Kinase-Mediated MMP Upregulation
Authors: Tiaden André N. , Bahrenberg Gregor , Mirsaidi Ali , Glanz Stephan , Blüher Matthias , Richards Peter J. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Adipogenesis is the process by which mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) develop into lipid-laden adipocytes. Being the dominant cell type within adipose tissue, adipocytes play a central role in regulating circulating fatty acid levels, which is considered to be of critical importance in maintaining insulin sensitivity. High temperature requirement protease A1 (HTRA1) is a newly recognized regulator of MSC differentiation, although its role as a mediator of adipogenesis has not yet been defined. The aim of this work was therefore to evaluate HTRA1's influence on human MSC (hMSC) adipogenesis and to establish a potential mode of action. We report that the addition of exogenous HTRA1 to hMSCs undergoing adipogenesis suppressed their ability to develop into lipid laden adipocytes. These effects were demonstrated as being reliant on both its protease and PDZ domain, and were mediated through the actions of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The relevance of such findings with regards to HTRA1's potential influence on adipocyte function in vivo is made evident by the fact that HTRA1 and MMP-13 were readily identifiable within crown-like structures present in visceral adipose tissue samples from insulin resistant obese human subjects. These data therefore implicate HTRA1 as a negative regulator of MSC adipogenesis and are suggestive of its potential involvement in adipose tissue remodeling under pathological conditions.
High Content Imaging of Early Morphological Signatures Predicts Long Term Mineralization Capacity of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells upon Osteogenic Induction
Authors: Marklein Ross A. , Lo Surdo Jessica L. , Bellayr Ian H. , Godil Saniya A. , Puri Raj K. , Bauer Steven R. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Human bone marrow-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells, often referred to as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), represent an attractive cell source for many regenerative medicine applications due to their potential for multi-lineage differentiation, immunomodulation, and paracrine factor secretion. A major complication for current MSC-based therapies is the lack of well-defined characterization methods that can robustly predict how they will perform in a particular in vitro or in vivo setting. Significant advances have been made with identifying molecular markers of MSC quality and potency using multivariate genomic and proteomic approaches, and more recently with advanced techniques incorporating high content imaging to assess high-dimensional single cell morphological data. We sought to expand upon current methods of high dimensional morphological analysis by investigating whether short term cell and nuclear morphological profiles of MSCs from multiple donors (at multiple passages) correlated with long term mineralization upon osteogenic induction. Using the combined power of automated high content imaging followed by automated image analysis, we demonstrated that MSC morphology after 3 days was highly correlated with 35 day mineralization and comparable to other methods of MSC osteogenesis assessment (such as alkaline phosphatase activity). We then expanded on this initial morphological characterization and identified morphological features that were highly predictive of mineralization capacities (&gt;90% accuracy) of MSCs from additional donors and different manufacturing techniques using linear discriminant analysis. Together, this work thoroughly demonstrates the predictive power of MSC morphology for mineralization capacity and motivates further studies into MSC morphology as a predictive marker for additional in vitro and in vivo responses.
JNK/SAPK Signaling Is Essential for Efficient Reprogramming of Human Fibroblasts to Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Neganova Irina , Shmeleva Evgenija , Munkley Jennifer , Chichagova Valeria , Anyfantis George , Anderson Rhys , Passos Joao , Elliott David J. , Armstrong Lyle , Lako Majlinda 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Reprogramming of somatic cells to the phenotypic state termed “induced pluripotency” is thought to occur through three consecutive stages: initiation, maturation, and stabilisation. The initiation phase is stochastic but nevertheless very important as it sets the gene expression pattern that permits completion of reprogramming; hence a better understanding of this phase and how this is regulated may provide the molecular cues for improving the reprogramming process. c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/stress-activated protein kinase (SAPKs) are stress activated MAPK kinases that play an essential role in several processes known to be important for successful completion of the initiation phase such as cellular proliferation, mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) and cell cycle regulation. In view of this, we postulated that manipulation of this pathway would have significant impacts on reprogramming of human fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells. Accordingly, we found that key components of the JNK/SAPK signaling pathway increase expression as early as day 3 of the reprogramming process and continue to rise in reprogrammed cells throughout the initiation and maturation stages. Using both chemical inhibitors and RNA interference of MKK4, MKK7 and JNK1, we tested the role of JNK/SAPK signaling during the initiation stage of neonatal and adult fibroblast reprogramming. These resulted in complete abrogation of fully reprogrammed colonies and the emergence of partially reprogrammed colonies which disaggregated and were lost from culture during the maturation stage. Inhibition of JNK/SAPK signaling resulted in reduced cell proliferation, disruption of MET and loss of the pluripotent phenotype, which either singly or in combination prevented establishment of pluripotent colonies. Together these data provide new evidence for an indispensable role for JNK/SAPK signaling to overcome the well-established molecular barriers in human somatic cell induced reprogramming.
Gene Expression Profiling Supports the Neural Crest Origin of Adult Rodent Carotid Body Stem Cells and Identifies CD10 as a Marker for Mesectoderm-Committed Progenitors
Authors: Navarro-Guerrero Elena , Platero-Luengo Aida , Linares-Clemente Pedro , Cases Ildefonso , López-Barneo José , Pardal Ricardo 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are promising tools for understanding nervous system plasticity and repair, but their use is hampered by the lack of markers suitable for their prospective isolation and characterization. The carotid body (CB) contains a population of peripheral NSCs, which support organ growth during acclimatization to hypoxia. We have set up CB neurosphere (NS) cultures enriched in differentiated neuronal (glomus) cells versus undifferentiated progenitors to investigate molecular hallmarks of cell classes within the CB stem cell (CBSC) niche. Microarray gene expression analysis in NS is compatible with CBSCs being neural crest derived-multipotent progenitor cells able to sustain CB growth upon exposure to hypoxia. Moreover, we have identified CD10 as a marker suitable for isolation of a population of CB mesectoderm-committed progenitor cells. CD10 + cells are resting in normoxia, and during hypoxia they are activated to proliferate and to eventually complete maturation into mesectodermal cells, thus participating in the angiogenesis necessary for CB growth. Our results shed light into the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in CBSC fate choice, favoring a potential use of these cells for cell therapy.
Searching for Classical Brown Fat in Humans: Development of a Novel Human Fetal Brown Stem Cell Model
Authors: Di Franco Alessandra , Guasti Daniele , Squecco Roberta , Mazzanti Benedetta , Rossi Francesca , Idrizaj Eglantina , Gallego-Escuredo José M. , Villarroya Francesc , Bani Daniele , Forti Gianni , Vannelli Gabriella Barbara , Luconi Michaela 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The potential therapeutic applications of targeting brown adipose tissue open new clinical avenues in fighting against metabolic pathologies. However, due to the limited extension in adult humans of brown depots, which are dramatically reduced after birth, solid cell models to study human brown adipogenesis and its regulatory factors in pathophysiology are urgently needed. Here, we generated a novel human model of brown adipose stem cells, hfB-ASC, derived for the first time from fetal interscapular brown fat depots. Besides the characterization of their stem and classical brown adipose properties, we demonstrated that these cells retain a specific intrinsic differentiation program to functional brown adipocytes, even spontaneously generating organoid structures with brown features. Moreover, for the first time, we investigated the thermogenic and electrophysiological activity of the in vitro-derived fetal brown adipocytes compared to their undifferentiated precursors hfB-ASC, in basal and norepinephrine-induced conditions. In conclusion, from interscapular brown fat of the human fetus we developed and functionally characterized a novel physiological brown adipose stem cell model early programmed to brown differentiation, which may represent a unique opportunity for further studies on brown adipogenesis processes in humans as well as the most suitable target to study novel therapeutic approaches for stimulating brown activity in metabolic pathologies.
A survey of pet feeding practices of dog owners visiting a veterinary practice inColombo,SriLanka
Authors: Seneviratne Maheeka , Subasinghe Dynatra W.D. , Watson Penny J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn Sri Lanka, home‐cooked diets are often fed due to the cost and poor availability of commercial diets. Milk has traditionally been a popular food to give to dogs in this country. There is a recent perceived increase in the number of owners choosing commercial diets for their pets. This study aimed to determine how dog owners visiting a single veterinary practice in Colombo fed their pets. We hoped that this would help achieve a general understanding of pet feeding practices in Sri Lanka and gain some basic demographic information on the owned dog population. The study was conducted via questionnaires distributed to pet owners visiting a first opinion and referral practice in Colombo. Hundred questionnaires were collected and analysed, 69% of study dogs were neutered, 42% of dogs were fed only home‐cooked food, while 18% were fed only commercial food. About 40% of dogs were fed a mixture of commercial and home‐cooked food, 49% of dogs were fed milk as a separate meal in addition to their normal diet and 57% of dogs received dietary supplements. Dogs consuming commercial food for more than half their intake were no less likely (P = 0.75) to receive dietary supplements than dogs fed homemade food for more than half their diet. This study provides some basic information regarding the feeding practices and demographics of the owned dog population in one Sri Lankan city, Colombo, highlighting some areas of concern.
Efficient location‐based topology control algorithms for wireless ad hoc and sensor networks
Authors: Zhang Baoxian , Jiao Zhenzhen , Li Cheng , Yao Zheng , Vasilakos Athanasios V. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTopology control is an efficient strategy for improving the performance of wireless ad hoc and sensor networks by building network topologies with desirable features. In this process, location information of nodes can be used to improve the performance of a topology control algorithm and also ease its operations. Many location‐based topology control algorithms have been proposed. In this paper, we propose two location‐assisted grid‐based topology control (GBP) algorithms. The design objective of our algorithm is to effectively reduce the number of active nodes required to keep global network connectivity. In grid‐based topology control, a network is divided into equally spaced squares (called grids). We accordingly design cross‐sectional topology control algorithm and diagonal topology control algorithm based on different network parameter settings. The key idea is to build near‐minimal connected dominating set for the network at the grid level. Analytical and simulation results demonstrate that our designed algorithms outperform existing work. Furthermore, the diagonal algorithm outperforms the cross‐sectional algorithm. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Routing design avoiding energy holes in underwater acoustic sensor networks
Authors: Zidi Chaima , Bouabdallah Fatma , Boutaba Raouf 
Published: February 2016

AbstractInterest in underwater acoustic sensor networks (UW‐ASNs) has rapidly increased with the desire to control the large portion of the world covered by oceans. Energy efficiency is one of the major concerns in UW‐ASNs due to the limited energy budget of the underwater sensor nodes. In this paper, we tackle the problem of energy holes in UW‐ASNs while taking into consideration the unique characteristics of the underwater channel. We prove that we can evenly distribute the transmission load among sensor nodes provided that sensors adjust their communication range when they send or forward the periodically generated data. In particular, we propose a balanced routing strategy along with the associated deployment pattern that meticulously determines the load weight for each possible next hop that leads to fair energy consumption among all underwater sensors. Consequently, the energy holes problem is overcome, and hence, the network lifetime is improved. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that addresses the energy hole problem in UW‐ASNs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coverage‐aware connectivity‐constrained unattended sensor deployment in underwater acoustic sensor networks
Authors: Senel Fatih 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCareful deployment of nodes in underwater acoustic sensor networks in a distributed manner with the goal of maximized coverage and guaranteed connectivity is a challenging problem because it is very difficult and costly to access the 3D underwater environment. This paper presents a novel algorithm for self‐deployment of nodes in underwater acoustic sensor networks assuming that the nodes are randomly dropped to the water surface and form a densely populated connected network at the water surface. The idea of the algorithm is based on calculating an optimized depth for each node in the network in such a way that the possible sensing coverage overlaps are minimized and the connectivity of final topology is guaranteed. The algorithm has three main phases. In the first phase, nodes are organized in a tree structure that is rooted at the surface station. In the second phase, the depths for all nodes are computed iteratively at surface station. In the final phase, the calculated depths are distributed to nodes so that the nodes start sinking. The performance of the proposed approach is validated through simulation. We observed that the proposed approach performs at least 10% better in terms of network coverage than contemporary schemes in the literature. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel Stibano Amines: Synthesis and Reactivity towards Group 13 Element Organics
Authors: Ringler Benjamin , von Hänisch Carsten 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn this paper, the syntheses of antimony and nitrogen containing interpnictogen compounds are described. Using tBu2SbCl as reagent, a tert‐butyl‐substituted stibano amine tBu2SbN(H)tBu (1), an isopropyl‐substituted interpnictogen tBu2SbN(H)iPr (2), and a primary stibano amine tBu2SbNH2 (3) are obtained. Condensation of compound 3 leads to compound (tBu2Sb)2NH (4) with elimination of ammonia. All compounds were characterized by 1H, 13C, 15N NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and IR spectroscopy. These interpnictogens represent a new class of single‐source precursors for MOVPE process. The primary amine 3 reacts with AlEt3 and GaEt3 to form previously unknown stibane‐substituted [tBu2SbN(H)MEt2]2 ring compounds [M = Al (5), M = Ga (6)], which were characterized by different spectroscopic methods. Moreover, compounds 4 and 6 could be analyzed by X‐ray diffraction.
Radiofrequency catheter ablation of left‐sided accessory pathways via retrograde aortic approach in children
Authors: Ayabakan Canan , Şahin Murat , Çeliker Alpay 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to analyze the results of retrograde aortic radiofrequency catheter ablation of left‐sided accessory pathways in children.MethodsBetween January 2010 and September 2014, 25 children who underwent left‐sided accessory pathway ablation with a retrograde aortic approach were evaluated retrospectively.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 11.09±3.71 years. Seventeen patients were male (68%). The mean procedure and fluoroscopy times were 71.54±21.05 min and 31.42±19.57 min, respectively. Radiofrequency energy was delivered with 41.38±15.32 W at 52.38±5.45 °C. Sixteen patients (64%) presented with manifest preexcitation and, 9 had concealed accessory pathways. The location of accessory pathway was left lateral in 16 patients, posteroseptal in 5, left anterolateral in 2, and left posterolateral and left posterior in the remaining 2. The acute success rate was 96%. The patients were followed for a mean of 16.68±18.01 months. There were 2 recurrences. No major complications were observed in the periprocedural period. One patient had groin hematoma, another one had transient severe headache and vomiting. Trivial mitral regurgitation was noted in a patient, which remained the same throughout follow‐up. None of the patients developed new aortic regurgitation, pericardial effusion, or thrombi at the site of ablation.ConclusionsThe retrograde aortic approach can be safely employed with a high success rate for ablation of left‐sided accessory pathways in children.
Paralisias parciais idiopáticas do interósseo posterior - 8 casos
Authors: Botelheiro J.C. , Silvério S. 
Published: February 2016

Introdução: As paralisias idiopáticas parciais do nervo interósseo posterior, atingindo apenas o polegar ou alguns dedos, são muito raras, sendo aparentemente causadas por uma compressão ao nível do músculo supinador.Material e método: Observámos, nos últimos 10 anos, 8 casos, atingindo apenas alguns dedos (3 casos) ou o polegar (5) e não evoluindo para paralisias mais completas.Resultados: Dois casos do polegar, com diagnóstico clínico precoce, curaram espontaneamente. Dos outros 6, observados tardiamente, 4 foram submetidos a cirurgia paliativa com bons resultados (2 polegares, um d3d4 e outro d4d5) e 2 recusaram cirurgia (um polegar e outro d4).Conclusão: As paralisias parciais do interósseo existem e devem ser diferenciadas de roturas dos tendões extensores. Algumas recuperam espontaneamente. Nas outras, se vistas tardiamente, a cirurgia paliativa pode dar um bom resultado.
Reduced-order precursors of rare events in unidirectional nonlinear water waves
Authors: Cousins Will , Sapsis Themistoklis P. 
Published: February 2016

We consider the problem of short-term prediction of rare, extreme water waves in irregular unidirectional fields, a critical topic for ocean structures and naval operations. One possible mechanism for the occurrence of such rare, unusually intense waves is nonlinear wave focusing. Recent results have demonstrated that random localizations of energy, induced by the linear dispersive mixing of different harmonics, can grow significantly due to modulation instability. Here we show how the interplay between (i) modulation instability properties of localized wave groups and (ii) statistical properties of wave groups that follow a given spectrum defines a critical length scale associated with the formation of extreme events. The energy that is locally concentrated over this length scale acts as the ‘trigger’ of nonlinear focusing for wave groups and the formation of subsequent rare events. We use this property to develop inexpensive, short-term predictors of large water waves, circumventing the need for solving the governing equations. Specifically, we show that by merely tracking the energy of the wave field over the critical length scale allows for the robust, inexpensive prediction of the location of intense waves with a prediction window of 25 wave periods. We demonstrate our results in numerical experiments of unidirectional water wave fields described by the modified nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The presented approach introduces a new paradigm for understanding and predicting intermittent and localized events in dynamical systems characterized by uncertainty and potentially strong nonlinear mechanisms.