bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zero Discharge in SARB Islands
Authors: Al-Wahedi Khaled Ahmed , Al-Kindi Rashid , LeBlanc John , Sultan Emad , Mehtar Mohammed , Elatreche Bassam , Kasem Youssef , Abu-Jarad Musbah Adnan , Banda Maria Eugenia 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
In alignment between ADNOC HSE Codes of Practice and ADMA HSE Policies, the SARB Artificial Islands were designed as zero discharge operations. The goal of protecting the environment through zero discharge during drilling operations has never been sought in the area previously. This presented a unique challenge to the team and was essential to formulate a technically and economically feasible strategy for drilling waste collection, handling and disposal while ensuring no discharge to the sea and protection of the marine environment.
Zero discharge has been accomplished successfully through several initiatives including cuttings re-injection through dedicated Cuttings Re-Injection Wells (CRI), containment of any drilling fluids or other discharges associated with rig activities through the use of spill containment systems on the rig, flaring operations conducted through a green burner boom, re-injection of produced oil during well testing operations back into the reservoir and containment and shipping of cement waste back to onshore for disposal at an approved facility.
To date approximately 500,000 barrels of cuttings slurry and liquid waste has been disposed in the two CRI wells since start of injection at the end of July 2015. Over 1,500 tons of cement waste has been contained and are in the process of being disposed onshore. The green burner booms have been commissioned and are ready for use. During 2016 well testing operations there are plans to reinject 70,000 barrels of crude back into the reservoir. All of these initiatives are contributing to making SARB Artificial Islands a complete zero discharge environment.
Modeling of Hydrocarbons Below Free Water Level in a Major Oil Field in Abu Dhabi UAE and its Impacts on Dynamic Behavior and History Matching
Authors: Kheidri L. H. , Vanhalst M. , Barroso F. , Fadipe A. , Al Hammadi Y. , Al Junaibi F. , Adli M. , Ben Sadok A. , Baslaib M. , Dreno C. , Mel R. , Audigier P. A. , Perroud S. , Vacheyrout A. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The presence of residual oil below Free Water Level is common in Middle Eastern fields. This later is explained by the presence of a paleo oil-water contact. An early water movement and sweep of the accumulated oil induced by tectonic events after its charging, has led to the trapping of residual oil below the curent Free Water Level. This theory is also supported by the presence of tarmat above and below this Free Water Level along the paleo oil-water contact.
In the studied field, the analysis of fluid saturation logs, early well tests and initial fluid gradients have led to the definition of the oil-water contact and the Free Water Level at discovery time. The analyses of cored wells and water saturation logs have demonstrated the presence of oil below this Free Water Level which is explained by the presence of a paleo oil-water contact. Furthermore, this analysis has enabled the definition of the geometry of this paleo oil-water contact, which appears to have a curved shape. This geometry has also been confirmed by the presence of tarmat along the defined paleo contact.
Modeling of the water and oil saturations below Free Water Level cannot be achieved by a conventional methodology using a saturation height function. Therefore a specific workflow has been developed. Given that oil saturation below Free Water Level is rock type driven, it could be distributed in 3D as any static property. Water saturation logs were consequently upscaled and populated in 3D using a Sequential Gaussian Simulation algorithm with the rock types as main driver. The resulting grid has been extracted up to the base of the transition zone of the main oil column and merged with the oil saturation grid generated using a saturation height function.
A thorough dynamic synthesis of the field has highlighted a specific dynamic behavior of the water injectors perforated below the Free Water Level. In some specific intervals of the reservoir, high shut-in pressures have been identified. These high pressures can be explained by the presence of residual oil below the Free Water Level which acts as a baffle inducing a partial confinement of the injectors. The implementation of this residual oil in the simulation model reduces the injected water mobility and drastically improves the pressure match.
Multilateral Wells Evaluation Utilizing Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Al-Mashhad Ali S. , Al-Arifi Sulaiman A. , Al-Kadem Mohammed S. , Al-Dabbous Mohammed S. , Buhulaigah Ahmed 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Multilateral wells are considered to be an advancement revolution in the petroleum industry. The employment of multilateral wells ensured higher drainage and productivity of reservoirs through the utilization of diverse configurations. Achieving higher productivity and maximizing the reach from a multilateral well has highly improved inflow performance relationship (IPR) compared to that of a conventional horizontal well under certain conditions. Several analytical models have been developed to estimate the average oil flow rate of multilateral wells by utilizing reservoir parameters to come up with decent correlations for better accuracy. These models are accompanied with uncertainties and limitations due to the complexity of multilateral wells. Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques have been proven to predict various parameters associated with high uncertainties in the oil industry. One of these methodologies is Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) which was utilized in this paper as new approach to predict the average oil flow rate of multilateral wells though the use of some reservoir parameters along with flowing wellhead data.
As a comparable method, an analytical model was used to calculate the flow rate from several multilateral wells to quantify the value of utilizing ANN against other methods or correlations. Borisov's correlation that was developed for estimating the productivity of multilateral wells of planar configuration was used to calculate the oil flow rate of the multilateral wells and compared the results against actual average oil flow rates. Additionally, PROSPER software was utilized to estimate some wells' parameters including Productivity Index (PI) and flowing bottomhole pressure (FBHP) for oil rate calculations.
Rigorous statistical error analyses have been obtained from ANN method and Borisov's correlation. The overall regression correlation coefficient was calculated to be 0.97 for ANN which shows a strong matching between predicted and actual field values with an overall absolute error of 7.85%. High divergence was found between oil rate calculated from Borisov's correlation and the actual average oil rate with an error greater than 50%. This indicates the actual advantage of the ANN method against other correlations.
This paper discussed a new method for predicting average oil flow rates for multilateral wells using surface and reservoir parameters obtained from field data via the employment of Artificial Intelligence modeling. A model was constructed for enhancing the prediction of oil flow rate for multilateral wells and resulted in a great prediction accuracy proved by field data comparison.
Development of Cost Saving Cantilevered Workover Solution for 4-Legged Self-propelled Jack Up barge
Authors: Sakapaji K , Moffatt J , Preston Mark , Harvey Mark , Lingsten Martin , Nesse Kjetil , Thomassen Torstein 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This paper sets out the development of a cantilever system for a self-propelled, self-elevating support vessels (SESVs) also known as jack/up barge or lift boat to support well intervention and workover.
Historically, vessels have been designed to operate within a limited segment of the well field life cycle. With Well intervention, a variety of vessels from service boats to drilling rigs have been utilised depending on water death and scope of required operations.
In areas such as MENA, well intervention is conducted either utilising jack up drilling units or jack up barges. Despite their inherent capability for workover, drilling rigs tend to be expensive in terms of both day rate and cost of moving between platform locations as they require mobilisation of tugs to tow them. Drilling rigs are designed to drill wells and are overkill for most Intervention scopes.
Jack up barges particularly self-propelled ones, offer greater efficiencies, quicker servicing times and lower costs. The barges can deploy sooner in a shorter weather window and do not require tugs. This is because such vessels do not require a marine spread to tow them between locations.
Previously, the workover capability of a drilling jack up unit has meant barges have been limited to supporting light well intervention scopes such as Coil Tubing, pumping and Wireline or used only in tender assist mode where heavier work over scopes including P&A and ESP replacement are required.
A study was conducted to establish what modifications could be made to the SESV (Self-propelled jack up barge) to: Improve efficiency and safety of light well intervention (LWI)Incorporate capability to handle heavier work over scope requiring pipe handling
The result was the development of two distinct cantilever systems for installation on the SESV's
Figure 1 Table 1 Cantilever Type Cantilever Capability 1 Work Over Capable Cantilever complete with automated work over unit (rig) to conduct scopes including P&A, ESP and Completion Change out 2 Light Well Intervention Cantilever with interface for a tower to support coil tubing Injector head and wireline sheaves
In this era of low oil prices and cost saving, using a gap analysis approach, separate proven, reliable and efficient solutions have been brought together to offer a safe, highly efficient and economical solution to reduce operational cost in well intervention and work over. In this case it was the development of an innovative cantilever design to align the marine benefits of a 4 legged self-propelled jack up barge and a proven work over rig.
Artificial Lift Production Systems Sizing and Simulation Software
Authors: Elmahbes Reda , Quintero Regulo , Larez Arsenys 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Determining the proper artificial lift technology for the reservoir requirements and the downhole environment is critical for ensuring economic production rates over the life of a well. To effectively select the best artificial lift solution requires sophisticated tools to simulate and design different artificial lift systems in various production scenarios.
This paper presents the challenges in developing artificial lift software and simulation tool to design, simulate, and effectively apply to different forms of artificial lift systems to improve well efficiency, optimize production and increase ultimate recovery. In addition to determining the best applications for different artificial lift production systems, this software can be used to design application-specific electrical submersible pumping (ESP) systems; electrical submersible progressing cavity pumping systems; rod-driven progressing cavity pumping systems; horizontal surface pumping systems; and gas lift systems and LEAP system. This user friendly software can be used for both fixed speed and variable speed applications. In addition, this software provides sensitivity analysis to quickly evaluate a system design in a wide range of possible operating conditions to maximize production and increase oil recovery.
Information from various wells has been compiled to provide actual field usage data to support the accuracy of the design and simulation tool with different forms of artificial lifts. The artificial lift systems design and simulation tool has the capability to size the right system by conducting sensitivity analysis for wells and projecting different scenarios to maximize well production and enhance system run life. The result shows how the design and simulation tool can be used to optimize production and improve system efficiency.
A Holistic Approach to Develop New Rigorous Empirical Correlation for Static Young's Modulus
Authors: Tariq Zeeshan , Elkatatny Salaheldin , Mahmoud Mohamed , Abdulraheem Abdulazeez 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Evaluating the elastic parameters of reservoir section are very essential for oil and gas industry in alleviating the risks associated with the drilling and production phases of the reservoir. These parameters are used in the optimization of the well placement, well bore instability, completion design, and draw-down limits to avoid sanding, hydraulic fracturing, reservoir subsidence and in many more applications. To carry out any aforementioned operations, a continuous profiles of rock elastic parameters are needed. Misleading estimation of elastic parameters may wrongly lead to heavy investment decisions and inappropriate field development plans.
Retrieving reservoir rock samples throughout the depth of the reservoir section and performing laboratory tests on them are extremely expensive as well as time consuming. Therefore, these parameters are estimated from empirical correlations. Most of the previous models/correlations were developed using linear or non-linear regression techniques. Artificial intelligence tool once optimized for training can successfully model elastic parameters since these tools are capable of capturing highly complex and non-linear relationship between the input parameters and the target parameter.
The objective of this study is to develop a robust and an accurate model for static Young's modulus based on the wireline logs as an input using three artificial intelligence tools (artificial neural network, adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system and support vector machine). The data on which these AI models are built comprises of more than 680 real field data points from different fields covering a wide range of values. Based on the minimum error and the highest coefficient of determination between actual and simulated data artificial neural network is selected as the proposed AI model to predict static Young's modulus.
A comparison between the static Young's moduli predicted by the proposed model with the published models /correlations reveals that neural network model gives significantly less average absolute percentage error. Finally, a rigorous empirical correlation is developed using the weights of ANN model in order to make the AI black box model as a white box and universal that can be usable for field applications.
New Frontiers for the International Technological Cooperation in the Arctic's Infrastructure Development
Authors: Akimova Irina 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The remote Arctic was the main destination for romantic geologists for more than 20 years, but now it's a turning point in it's history and the Arctic is becoming a foreign and security policy concern of high order and is in the front line of global energy markets development. Thus, the question how to develop Arctic providing cutting-edge technologies and making it more accessible by developing new routes is a new trend in an international technological cooperation. The ambition of the paper is to provide solutions for international technological cooperation in the Arctic between energy companies under the current economic and geopolitical conditions.
Impact of Heterogeneous Hydro-Geomechanical Properties of Caprock on CO2 Leakage by Tensile Fracture Reactivation During CCS
Authors: Kim G. W. , Kim T. H. , Lee K. S. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Mechanical failure of cap rock is one of the main reasons of CO2 leakage from the storage formations. Through comprehensive assessment on the petrophysical and geomechanical heterogeneities of cap rock, it is possible to estimate the pressure distribution more accurately and to predict the risk of unexpected caprock failure. To describe the fracture reactivation and fracture permeability, modified Barton-Bandis model and dual permeability system are applied. Porosity-permeability relationship is calculated with power law. In order to generate hydro-geomechanically heterogeneous fields, the negative correlation between porosity and Young's modulus/Poisson's ratio is applied. In comparison to homogeneous model, effects of heterogeneity are examined in terms of vertical deformation and the amount of leaked CO2. To compare the effects of heterogeneity, heterogeneous models for both geomechanical and petrophysical properties in coupled simulation are designed.
Simulation results show that CO2 leakage occurs after 4-6 years from injection. After 10 year injection with petrophysically heterogeneous and geomechanically homogeneous caprock, CO2 leakage is larger than that of homogeneous model. In contrast, heterogeneity of geomechanical properties is shown to mitigate additional escape of CO2. Vertical displacement of every heterogeneous model is larger than homogeneous model. According to results from model with petrophysically heterogeneous and geomechanically homogeneous caprock, the higher Dykstra-Parsons coefficients (VDP) the larger vertical displacement is obtained. The vertical displacement with petrophysically homogeneous and geomechanically heterogeneous model is also larger regardless of VDP.
Sedimentology and Sequence Stratigraphy Controls on Reservoir Qualities Distribution in High Heterogeneous Carbonate Rocks; Case Study; in a Giant Offshore Oil Field, Abu Dhabi.
Authors: Khemissa Hocine , Al-Shemsi Abdullah H. , Al-Jefri Gassan , AL-Said M. Elhami , de Periere Matthieu Deville , Bijaripour Aita 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study is to establish a sedimentological, sequence stratigraphic framework, as well as assessing the controls on the reservoir quality variations. The final output of the study will be used to generate a new Rock Type and produce a robust geological Facies Model. Also; the facies maps will be used to explain the dynamic field behaviour in term of water and gas movements of the field.
Cloning and Expression of a Subfamily 1.4 Lipase from Bacillus licheniformis IBRL-CHS2
Authors: Nidyaletchmy Subba Reddy  , Rashidah Abdul Rahim  , Darah Ibrahim  , K. Sudesh Kumar  
Published: November 2016

We report on the cloning of the lipase gene from Bacillus licheniformis IBRL-CHS2 and the expression of the recombinant lipase. DNA sequencing analysis of the cloned lipase gene showed that it shares 99% identity with the lipase gene from B. licheniformis ATCC 14580 and belongs to subfamily 1.4 of true lipases based on amino acid sequence alignment of various Bacillus lipases. The 612 bp lipase gene was then cloned into the pET-15b(+) expression vector and the construct was transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3) for bulk expression of the lipase. Expression was analysed by SDS-PAGE where the lipase was found to have a molecular weight of about 23 kDa.
Screening of Potential Free Radicals Scavenger and Antibacterial Activities of Purwoceng (Pimpinella alpina Molk)
Authors: Retno Wahyuningrum  , Pri Iswati Utami  , Binar Asrining Dhiani  , Malikhah Kumalasari  , Rizka Sari Kusumawardani  
Published: November 2016

Purwoceng (Pimpinella alpina Molk) is a traditional medicinal plant used for its aphrodisiac values. This plant was originated Dieng Plateu, Central Java, Indonesia. Purwoceng has been reported to contain steroid, flavonoids, glycoside, saponins, tannins, and phenolic. Based on secondary metabolite compounds of Purwoceng herbs, a research need to be done to determine the other potential free radicals scavenger and antibacterial activities of Purwoceng. The objectives of this research are to screen the potential free radicals scavenger activity of in vitro using DPPH (1,1 diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil) radicals and NO• (nitric oxide) radicals, and antibacterial activity of Purwoceng. The extraction is done by a maceration method with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and ethanol solvent, respectively. Free radicals scavenger test was performed using DPPH radicals and NO• radicals, while antibacterial activity screening was performed using agar diffusion test. The results showed that ethyl acetate extract of Purwoceng has free radical scavenger activity with IC50 53.07 ppm lower than butylated hydroxytoluene. Ethyl acetate extract and ethanol extract of Purwoceng have antibacterial activity against Staphyloccus aureus, Escherichia coli, and MG42 bacterial isolate.
Topical Antiacne Drugs Delivery Systems
Authors: Gabriel Tesfaye 
Published: November 2016

Background:Acne vulgaris (commonly called acne) is the most prevalent skin complication of different causes with a higher prevalence in adolescents. Topical administration is used as first-choice therapy in mild acne, whereas for moderate and severe acne, systemic administration is required in addition to topical therapy. Mechanisms by which treatments act are: normalizing shedding into the pore to prevent obstruction, destruction ofP.acnes, suppression of inflammation, and hormonal management.Objective:This review focuses on the novel drug delivery systems displaying a strong ground for topical treatment of acne in order to enhance the therapeutic performance of the topical antiacne agents with improved patience compliance and a concomitant reduction in the side effects.Method:This literature review was obtained from electronic search on Pubmed, Google Scholars, Researchgate, Scimago, CABI, DOAJ, CiteFactor, GLOBAL HEALTH, Universal Impact Factor, Hinari among many others and also search was conducted on individual journals and manuals.Conclusion:Amongst various novel drug delivery systems, vesicular carriers like liposomes and niosomes, micro sponges, microemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles, hydrogels, emulsifier-free formulations, fullerenes and aerosol foams have been reported as novel topical administration of antiacne drugs. Liposomes have been extensively explored and their ability to optimize and improve topical therapy has been proved by several clinical trials. Microemulsions, microsponges, solid lipid nanoparticles and hydrogels also exhibit a tremendous potential for commercialization.
Audit Quality of Chinese ADR Engagements
Authors: Ghosh Aloke (Al) , Peltier Elisabeth , Xing Cunyu 
Published: November 2016

SYNOPSIS
The controversy over Chinese reverse mergers has led to concerns about the audit quality of all U.S.-listed Chinese companies. Because a sizeable number of foreign firms cross-list their shares as American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) issued by U.S. depositary banks (as opposed to direct listings), we study how auditors have managed their audits of Chinese ADRs. Our motivation for examining Chinese ADRs is based on the findings that cross-listing via the ADR process is beneficial for U.S. shareholders. We find that relative to ADRs from countries other than China, and relative to directly listed Chinese companies, Chinese ADRs are more likely to be associated with a Big 4 auditor and are less likely to restate prior-period financial statements. We also find that Chinese ADRs pay significantly higher fees than other emerging market ADRs and Chinese direct-listings. Collectively, these results suggest high audit quality for Chinese ADRs, which is in sharp contrast to the Chinese direct-listing results. Using Tobin's Q as a measure of market value, we find that the stock market rewards Chinese ADRs, indicating that investors incorporate the benefits of higher audit quality when evaluating Chinese ADRs.