bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategies for healthcare professionals to facilitate patient illness understanding
Authors: Nunstedt Håkan , Rudolfsson Gudrun , Alsén Pia , Pennbrant Sandra 
Published: March 2017

Aims and objectivesTo describe how healthcare professionals facilitate patient illness understanding.BackgroundHealthcare professionals and patients differ in their illness understanding. If the information provided by healthcare professionals is not adapted to the patient's daily life, it may be unusable for the patient. Previous research has found that healthcare professionals should individualise the information to enable the patient to apply the knowledge to the personal situation and to develop illness understanding. However, little is known of how healthcare professionals can facilitate patient illness understanding.MethodA qualitative descriptive study based on individual, semi‐structured, open‐ended and face‐to‐face interviews was conducted with healthcare professionals (n = 11) concerning how they facilitate patients illness understanding. Three health centres were involved during the period of March to November 2014. The interviews were analysed with qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe result identified a continuous and collaborative process with three strategies used by healthcare professionals to facilitate the patient's illness understanding: (i) assess the patient's illness understanding, (ii) interact with the patient to develop illness understanding and (iii) support the patient's personal development for illness understanding. The steps in the process depend on each other.ConclusionsThe results of our analysis indicate that healthcare professionals can use the continuous and collaborative process to enhance the patient's self‐care ability and turn his or her knowledge into action for improving illness understanding.Relevance to clinical practiceThe three continuous and collaborative process strategies involving pedagogical approaches can create conditions for healthcare professionals to obtain a holistic view of the patient's life and to be a key resource for person‐centred care.
Perspectives of health and self‐care among older persons—To be implemented in an interactive information and communication technology‐platform
Authors: Göransson Carina , Wengström Yvonne , Ziegert Kristina , Langius‐Eklöf Ann , Eriksson Irene , Kihlgren Annica , Blomberg Karin 
Published: March 2017

Aim and objectivesTo acquire knowledge regarding the contents to be implemented in an interactive information and communication technology‐platform perceived to be relevant to health and self‐care among older persons based on the literature, healthcare professionals and the older persons themselves.BackgroundThe growing ageing population places demands on the healthcare system to promote healthy ageing and to strengthen the older person's self‐care ability. This requires innovative approaches to facilitate communication between the older person and healthcare professionals, and to increase the older person's participation in their care. An information and communication technology‐platform could be used for this purpose, but the content needs to be relevant to both the older persons and the healthcare professionals.DesignDescriptive qualitative design.MethodsThis study was based on three samplings: a scoping review of the literature (n = 20 articles), interviews with healthcare professionals (n = 5) and a secondary analysis of interviews with older persons (n = 8) and nursing assistants (n = 7). The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.ResultsFour areas were identified to be of relevance to older persons’ perceived health: frame of mind, having relationships and social activities, physical ability and concerns, and maintaining self‐care. Self‐care was described in the literature and by the healthcare professionals more than by the older persons.ConclusionsThe results show a concordance in the data samplings that give a clear indication of the areas relevant to older persons’ health and self‐care that can be integrated in an interactive information and communication technology‐platform for use in regular daily care assessments. Descriptions of self‐care were limited indicating a possible gap in knowledge that requires further research.Relevance to clinical practiceAreas relevant to older persons’ health and self‐care could be used for regular assessment to support and promote healthy ageing.
Why Do Firms Use Insurance to Fund Worker Health Benefits? The Role of Corporate Finance
Authors: Dalton Christina M. , Holland Sara B. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWhen a firm offers health benefits to workers, it exposes the firm to the risk of making payments when workers get sick. A firm can either pay health expenses out of its general assets, keeping the risk inside the firm, or it can purchase insurance, shifting the risk outside the firm. Using data on insurance decisions, we find that smaller firms, firms with more investment opportunities, and firms that face a convex tax schedule are more likely to hedge the risk of health benefit payments. We show how firms trade off the benefits that come from financing and investment characteristics with the costs of regulation when choosing insurance. We provide understanding of how firms’ policy and financial characteristics affect firm outcomes as the Affordable Care Act provisions impacting plan funding continue to evolve.
Differences in survival outcome for severely injured paediatric trauma by type of trauma centre
Authors: Mitchell Rebecca J , Curtis Kate , Testa Luke , Holland Andrew JA , SV Soundappan Soundappan , Adams Sarah 
Published: March 2017

AimWhether treatment at paediatric trauma centres (PTCs) provides a survival advantage for injured children over treatment at adult trauma centres (ATCs) remains inconclusive. This study examines the association between trauma centre type and in‐hospital mortality for severely injured paediatric trauma patients in New South Wales, Australia.MethodsA retrospective examination of paediatric patient characteristics (aged ≤15 years), treatment and injury outcome was conducted using data from the New South Wales Trauma Registry for 2009–2014. Logistic regression was used to examine the association of in‐hospital mortality and type of trauma centre.ResultsThere were 1230 children who were severely injured (i.e. Injury Severity Score; ISS > 12) and 81.0% received definitive care at a PTC. Two‐thirds were male, 37.8% were aged 11–15 years and falls represented 32.0% of the injuries. Almost half (48.9%) the injured children had an ISS between 16 and 24, 31.9% between 25 and 39 and 3.8% an ISS between 40 and 75. The mean and median hospital length of stay was 17.5 and 5 days, respectively. Fifty percent of children that received definitive care at a PTC were admitted to an ICU compared to 23.9% at a Level 1 ATC. There were 119 (9.7%) in‐hospital deaths. Children aged ≤15 years who were treated at a Level 1 ATC had 6.1 times higher odds of not surviving their injuries than if treated at a PTC.ConclusionChildren who received definitive care at a PTC had a survival advantage compared to those treated at a Level 1 ATC. Prospectively examining the processes of care for severely injured children may assist in identification of quality and system changes required to ensure optimal trauma care within the health‐care system.
Fruit Malformation of Satsuma Mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) Infected by Citrus Yellow Vein Clearing Virus
Authors: Li Xing‐Tao , Su Hua‐Nan , Tan Ke‐Gang , Tong Xiao‐Nan , Zhong Ba‐Lian 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn 2013–2014, malformed young Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) fruits were found in Xunwu County, Jiangxi Province, China. Common disease symptoms include slightly curled and backward‐twisted spring leaves, cracked and deformed leaf edges, thickly grown spring twigs with twisted and slightly bent shoots, and malformed young fruits where groovelike depression forms from the upper portion and resembles a pumpkin. On the basis of the morphological characteristics, sequencing results and phylogenetic analysis of the infected plant, we identified the disease as citrus yellow vein clearing, which is caused by Citrus yellow vein clearing virus (CYVCV). To our knowledge, this study is the first to report CYVCV infecting Satsuma mandarin.
Genetic Diversity of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lentis Population Affecting Lentil in Syria
Authors: Husien Al‐Husien Naiem , Hamwieh Aladdin , Ahmed Seid , Bayaa Bassam 
Published: March 2017

AbstractLentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is an important food legume crop in Syria. Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lentis – Fol) is a key yield‐limiting factor in the country. The genetic diversity of Fol population was studied using 96 isolates collected from different parts of the country using molecular markers. A total of 16 markers, random amplified polymorphic DNA, simple sequence repeats and inter‐simple sequence repeats were used and 218 polymorphic markers (scorable bands) were obtained. Cluster and structure analyses grouped the isolates into three major groups and subgroups indicating high genetic diversity in the pathogen populations. The molecular variance within the population accounted 87% of the total variation indicating high diversity within population than among geographic locations. The result of this study showed that no alleles were linked to specific province, and therefore, screening for the Fusarium wilt in one location using virulent isolates could be enough to save time and resources.
Role of Pear Fruit Cuticular Wax and Surface Hydrophobicity in Regulating the Prepenetration Phase of Alternaria alternata Infection
Authors: Tang Ying , Li Yongcai , Bi Yang , Wang Yi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe role of cuticular wax and the surface hydrophobicity of the fruit of the ‘Zaosu’ pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd) in regulating the prepenetration phase of Alternaria alternata infection were analysed in vivo and in vitro. Results showed that cuticular wax on an intact fruit surface, as well as wax extracts mounted on silanized glass slides or onion epidermis, favoured the formation of short, differentiated germ tubes and large numbers of appressoria (APP) or infected hyphae (IH). Dewaxed fruits or no wax extract mounted on in vitro surfaces, however, enhanced germ tube elongation and inhibited or delayed the formation of infection structure. High surface hydrophobicity resulting from cuticular wax also stimulated infection structure formation, as contact angle (hydrophobicity) was positively correlated with APP formation but negatively correlated with germ tube elongation. Alternaria alternata cutinase enzyme activity was also induced by cuticular wax, both in vivo and in vitro. These findings suggest that the chemical composition and hydrophobicity of pear fruit cuticular wax are essential in facilitating fungal invasion by regulating the growth and differentiation of A. alternata during the prepenetration phase.
Resting Spore Dormancy and Infectivity Characteristics of the Potato Powdery Scab Pathogen Spongospora subterranea
Authors: Balendres Mark A. , Tegg Robert S. , Wilson Calum R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe soil‐borne potato pathogen Spongospora subterranea persists in soil as sporosori, which are aggregates of resting spores. Resting spores may germinate in the presence of plant or environmental stimuli, but direct evidence for resting spore dormancy is limited. A soilless tomato bait plant bioassay and microscopic examination were used to examine features of S. subterranea resting spore dormancy and infectivity. Dried sporosori inocula prepared from tuber lesions and root galls were infective after both short‐ and long‐term storage (1 week to 5 years for tuber lesions and 1 week to 1 year for root galls) with both young and mature root galls inocula showing infectivity. This demonstrated that a proportion of all S. subterranea resting spores regardless of maturity exhibit characteristics of stimuli‐responsive dormancy, germinating under the stimulatory conditions of the bait host plant bioassay. However, evidence for constitutive dormancy within the resting spore population was also provided as incubation of sporosorus inoculum in a germination‐stimulating environment did not fully exhaust germination potential even after 2.4 years. We conclude that S. subterranea sporosori contain both exogenous (stimuli‐responsive) and constitutively dormant resting spores, which enables successful host infection by germination in response to plant stimuli and long‐term persistence in the soil.
Combined application of Er:YAG and Nd:YAG lasers in treatment of chronic periodontitis. A split‐mouth, single‐blind, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sağlam M. , Köseoğlu S. , Taşdemir İ. , Erbak Yılmaz H. , Savran L. , Sütçü R. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundThe aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of combined Er:YAG and Nd:YAG laser therapy to that of scaling and root planing with hand instruments in non‐surgical treatment of chronic periodontitis.Material and MethodsTwenty‐five systemically healthy patients with chronic periodontitis were selected for this study. The quadrants were randomly allocated in a split‐mouth design to either combined Er:YAG (160 mJ/pulse, 10 Hz) and Nd:YAG laser (100 mJ/pulse, 20 Hz) therapy (test group) or scaling and root planing alone (control group). At baseline, 1 month and 3 months after treatment, plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, clinical attachment level and bleeding on probing (%), were recorded and gingival crevicular fluid and subgingival plaque samples were taken. The gingival crevicular fluid levels of interleukin‐1β and tumor necrosis factor‐α were analyzed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Quantitative analysis of red complex bacteria was performed using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsThe clinical parameters had significantly improved for both groups after treatment. There were statistically significant differences in probing depth and clinical attachment level between the test and control groups only for deep pockets (≥7 mm) (P<.05). No significant differences between the two groups were observed for the biochemical and microbiological parameters at any time points (P>.05).ConclusionsThe present study suggests that a combined course of Er:YAG and Nd:YAG laser therapy may be beneficial particularly in inaccessible areas such as deep pockets on a short‐term basis. Further, well‐designed studies are required to assess the effectiveness of the combination of these lasers.
Sex and ancestry determine the free‐running circadian period
Authors: Eastman Charmane I. , Tomaka Victoria A. , Crowley Stephanie J. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThe endogenous, free‐running circadian period (τ) determines the phase relationship that an organism assumes when entrained to the 24‐h day. We found a shorter circadian period in African Americans compared to non‐Hispanic European Americans (24.07 versus 24.33 h). We speculate that a short circadian period, closer to 24 h, was advantageous to humans living around the equator, but when humans migrated North out of Africa, where the photoperiod changes with seasons, natural selection favoured people with longer circadian periods. Recently, in evolutionary terms, immigrants came from Europe and Africa to America (‘the New World’). The Europeans were descendents of people who had lived in Europe for thousands of years with changing photoperiods (and presumably longer periods), whereas Africans had ancestors who had always lived around the equator (with shorter periods). It may have been advantageous to have a longer circadian period while living in Europe early in the evolution of humans. In our modern world, however, it is better to have a shorter period, because it helps make our circadian rhythms earlier, which is adaptive in our early‐bird‐dominated society. European American women had a shorter circadian period than men (24.24 versus 24.41), but there was no sex difference in African Americans (24.07 for both men and women). We speculate that selection pressures in Europe made men develop a slightly longer period than women to help them track dawn which could be useful for hunters, but less important for women as gatherers.
Sensory texture analysis of thickened liquids during ingestion
Authors: Chambers Edgar , Jenkins Alicia , Mertz Garcia Jane 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPractitioners support the use of thickened liquids for many patients with disordered swallowing. Although physical measures have highlighted differences among products there are questions about the ability of the measures to fully explain the sensory texture effects during swallowing of thickened liquids. This study used a trained sensory panel to describe the textural aspects of liquids during ingestion and swallowing. The lexicon was able to characterize differences in beverages, thickeners, and thickness levels with the most important attribute being viscosity, which loaded heavily in the almost one‐dimensional space that resulted from the sensory analysis of these beverages. Other effects, such as slipperiness provided some minimal additional information on the products.Practical applicationsTrained sensory panelists were shown to be useful in the measurement of differences in thickened liquid products prescribed for patients with dysphagia. They were able to differentiate products based on perceived differences related to flow speed, viscosity, and other parameters suggesting their use in further studies of swallowing behavior and for development of products for disordered swallowing should be considered. Understanding how these variables might relate to clinical decision making about product selection or modification to best meet the nutritional needs of a person with disordered swallowing could be helpful. This is especially true given the difficulties in measuring texture instrumentally in these products.
The Optimal Distribution of Practice for the Acquisition of L2 Morphology: A Conceptual Replication and Extension
Authors: Suzuki Yuichi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis study examined optimal learning schedules for second language (L2) acquisition of a morphological structure. Sixty participants studied the simple and complex morphological rules of a novel miniature language system so as to use them for oral production. They engaged in four training sessions in either shorter spaced (3.3‐day interval) or longer spaced (7‐day interval) learning conditions. From the beginning of the third training session, the 3.3‐day interval group started to provide more accurate target rules than the 7‐day interval group. This superior performance by the 3.3‐day interval group was maintained on both 7‐ and 28‐day delayed posttests with small to medium effect sizes. No significant difference was found between the two groups for utterance speed, nor did linguistic complexity exert an influence on the effectiveness of different distributions of learning conditions.Open PracticesThis article has been awarded an Open Materials badge. All materials are publicly accessible in the IRIS digital repository athttp://www.iris-database.org. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science:https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki.
When I grow up: assessing American children's perspectives on college and career readiness through drawings
Authors: Turner Jennifer Danridge , Albro Jennifer 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCollege and career readiness has become a key educational priority in the United States. Framed by neoliberal discourses, current conceptions of college and career readiness narrowly define literacy as discrete sets of cognitive skills and curricular knowledge and reduce literacy learning to scores on high‐stakes assessments. To disrupt these neoliberal ideologies, we invited 24 American children in a summer reading programme to share their perspectives on college and career readiness. Twelve boys and 12 girls created a series of drawings depicting their dream careers, the people helping them achieve their career goals and the specific literacy skills they perceived as necessary for future career success. Afterwards, the children discussed the meanings of their drawings through interviews. Analyses revealed that American children visually represented and verbally articulated college and career readiness as (1) aspiring towards productive professional work, (2) envisioning complex professional literacy repertories and (3) acknowledging the importance of family, community and school in college and career preparation. Our findings urge American schools to shift from standardised, high‐stakes measures of college and career readiness towards multiple, learner‐oriented measures which make visible the creativity, critical thinking and communicative literacies that children will need to fulfill their personal and professional aspirations.
Super‐replication in fully incomplete markets
Authors: Dolinsky Yan , Neufeld Ariel 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this work, we introduce the notion of fully incomplete markets. We prove that for these markets, the super‐replication price coincides with the model‐free super‐replication price. Namely, the knowledge of the model does not reduce the super‐replication price. We provide two families of fully incomplete models: stochastic volatility models and rough volatility models. Moreover, we give several computational examples. Our approach is purely probabilistic.
Pollinator identity and spatial isolation influence multiple paternity in an annual plant
Authors: Rhodes Matthew K. , Fant Jeremie B. , Skogen Krissa A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe occurrence and extent of multiple paternity is an important component of variation in plant mating dynamics. However, links between pollinator activity and multiple paternity are generally lacking, especially for plant species that attract functionally diverse floral visitors. In this study, we separated the influence of two functionally distinct floral visitors (hawkmoths and solitary bees) and characterized their impacts on multiple paternity in a self‐incompatible, annual forb, Oenothera harringtonii (Onagraceae). We also situated pollinator‐mediated effects in a spatial context by linking variation in multiple paternity to variation in plant spatial isolation. We documented pronounced differences in the number of paternal sires as function of pollinator identity: on average, the primary pollinator (hawkmoths) facilitated mating with nearly twice as many pollen donors relative to the secondary pollinator (solitary bees). This effect was consistent for both isolated and nonisolated individuals, but spatial isolation imposed pronounced reductions on multiple paternity regardless of pollinator identity. Considering that pollinator abundance and pollen dispersal distance did not vary significantly with pollinator identity, we attribute variation in realized mating dynamics primarily to differences in pollinator morphology and behaviour as opposed to pollinator abundance or mating incompatibility arising from underlying spatial genetic structure. Our findings demonstrate that functionally distinct pollinators can have strongly divergent effects on polyandry in plants and further suggest that both pollinator identity and spatial heterogeneity have important roles in plant mating dynamics.