bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cadaver study of mastoidectomy using an image‐guided human–robot collaborative control system
Authors: Yoo Myung Hoon , Lee Hwan Seo , Yang Chan Joo , Lee Seung Hwan , Lim Hoon , Lee Seongpung , Yi Byung‐Ju , Chung Jong Woo 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveSurgical precision would be better achieved with the development of an anatomical monitoring and controlling robot system than by traditional surgery techniques alone. We evaluated the feasibility of robot‐assisted mastoidectomy in terms of duration, precision, and safety.Study DesignHuman cadaveric study.Materials and MethodsWe developed a multi‐degree‐of‐freedom robot system for a surgical drill with a balancing arm. The drill system is manipulated by the surgeon, the motion of the drill burr is monitored by the image‐guided system, and the brake is controlled by the robotic system. The system also includes an alarm as well as the brake to help avoid unexpected damage to vital structures. Experimental mastoidectomy was performed in 11 temporal bones of six cadavers. Parameters including duration and safety were assessed, as well as intraoperative damage, which was judged via pre‐ and post‐operative computed tomography.ResultsThe duration of mastoidectomy in our study was comparable with that required for chronic otitis media patients. Although minor damage, such as dura exposure without tearing, was noted, no critical damage to the facial nerve or other important structures was observed. When the brake system was set to 1 mm from the facial nerve, the postoperative average bone thicknesses of the facial nerve was 1.39, 1.41, 1.22, 1.41, and 1.55 mm in the lateral, posterior pyramidal and anterior, lateral, and posterior mastoid portions, respectively.ConclusionMastoidectomy can be successfully performed using our robot‐assisted system while maintaining a pre‐set limit of 1 mm in most cases. This system may thus be useful for more inexperienced surgeons.Level of EvidenceNA.
A parallel MR imaging method using multilayer perceptron
Authors: Kwon Kinam , Kim Dongchan , Park HyunWook 
Published: September 2017

PurposeTo reconstruct MR images from subsampled data, we propose a fast reconstruction method using the multilayer perceptron (MLP) algorithm.Methods and materialsWe applied MLP to reduce aliasing artifacts generated by subsampling in k‐space. The MLP is learned from training data to map aliased input images into desired alias‐free images. The input of the MLP is all voxels in the aliased lines of multichannel real and imaginary images from the subsampled k‐space data, and the desired output is all voxels in the corresponding alias‐free line of the root‐sum‐of‐squares of multichannel images from fully sampled k‐space data. Aliasing artifacts in an image reconstructed from subsampled data were reduced by line‐by‐line processing of the learned MLP architecture.ResultsReconstructed images from the proposed method are better than those from compared methods in terms of normalized root‐mean‐square error. The proposed method can be applied to image reconstruction for any k‐space subsampling patterns in a phase encoding direction. Moreover, to further reduce the reconstruction time, it is easily implemented by parallel processing.ConclusionWe have proposed a reconstruction method using machine learning to accelerate imaging time, which reconstructs high‐quality images from subsampled k‐space data. It shows flexibility in the use of k‐space sampling patterns, and can reconstruct images in real time.
Hybrid ultrasound‐MR guided HIFU treatment method with 3D motion compensation
Authors: Celicanin Zarko , Manasseh Gibran , Petrusca Lorena , Scheffler Klaus , Auboiroux Vincent , Crowe Lindsey A. , Hyacinthe Jean‐Noel , Natsuaki Yutaka , Santini Francesco , Becker Christoph D. , Terraz Sylvain , Bieri Oliver , Salomir Rares 
Published: September 2017

PurposeTreatments using high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in the abdominal region remain challenging as a result of respiratory organ motion. A novel method is described here to achieve 3D motion‐compensated ultrasound (US) MR‐guided HIFU therapy using simultaneous ultrasound and MRI.MethodsA truly hybrid US‐MR‐guided HIFU method was used to plan and control the treatment. Two‐dimensional ultrasound was used in real time to enable tracking of the motion in the coronal plane, whereas an MR pencil‐beam navigator was used to detect anterior–posterior motion. Prospective motion compensation of proton resonance frequency shift (PRFS) thermometry and HIFU electronic beam steering were achieved.ResultsThe 3D prospective motion‐corrected PRFS temperature maps showed reduced intrascan ghosting artifacts, a high signal‐to‐noise ratio, and low geometric distortion. The k‐space data yielded a consistent temperature‐dependent PRFS effect, matching the gold standard thermometry within approximately 1°C. The maximum in‐plane temperature elevation ex vivo was improved by a factor of 2. Baseline thermometry acquired in volunteers indicated reduction of residual motion, together with an accuracy/precision of near‐harmonic referenceless PRFS thermometry on the order of 0.5/1.0°C.ConclusionsHybrid US‐MR‐guided HIFU ablation with 3D motion compensation was demonstrated ex vivo together with a stable referenceless PRFS thermometry baseline in healthy volunteer liver acquisitions. Magn Reson Med 79:2511–2523, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Practices and rationales of embodied philanthropy
Authors: Robert Julie 
Published: September 2017

In the past decades, philanthropy, like many aspects of contemporary culture, has taken a bodily turn. This paper argues that embodied philanthropy, the temporarily alteration of one's physical appearance or routine behaviors in support of a cause, is flourishing because the body simultaneously and with relatively little effort serves the various needs of both participants and campaign organizers. The body's multivalent semiotic potential allows it to be, when philanthropically tasked, an income generator, billboard, martyred example, producer of emotion, pedagogical space, exemplar of good health, and style project and to cohere these functions despite potential tensions.A series of micro‐case studies of various Australian appearance, activity, and abstention‐based initiatives draws on cultural theories of the body to explicate these 7 core functions of the philanthropic body and highlight key concerns for campaign design and evaluation. This study contends that a holistic view of embodied philanthropy initiatives is needed to better understand their impact and provides practitioners and scholars with a framework for understanding an area of philanthropy where practice outstrips research.
Desire for parenthood and reproductive health knowledge in adolescents and young adults with sickle cell disease and their caregivers
Authors: Nahata Leena , Caltabellotta Nicole M. , Ball Kyle , O'Brien Sarah H. , Creary Susan E. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackground/objectiveSickle cell disease (SCD) and hydroxyurea have implications for fertility and reproductive health. The goal of this study was to examine desire for parenthood and reproductive health knowledge among a cohort of adolescent and young adult (AYA) with SCD receiving hydroxyurea and their caregivers at a large pediatric academic center.MethodsPatients with SCD were approached from September 2016 to July 2017 if they were: (1) 12–20 years old, (2) prescribed hydroxyurea for at least 6 months, (3) proficient in English, and (4) accompanied by a caregiver who was proficient in English and willing to participate. Participants self‐reported sociodemographic characteristics and completed surveys to assess their/their child's desire for parenthood and other life goals, and reproductive health knowledge.ResultsEighteen patient–caregiver dyads completed the study (78.3% of those eligible); 61.1% indicated that they wanted to have future biological children. Few participants reported receiving information about fertility (16.7% of AYA and 27.8% of caregivers) or birth control (11.1% of AYA and 22.2% of caregivers) from their/their child's health care provider, and the majority had received no information on these topics. Less than half of participants reported that SCD (22.2% of AYA and 50.0% of caregivers) or hydroxyurea (11.1% of AYA and 27.8% of parents) could potentially impair fertility.ConclusionsBiological parenthood was important to this cohort yet fertility and reproductive health knowledge was low, suggesting that clinicians should prioritize conversations about infertility risk and birth control options with AYA with SCD on hydroxyurea and their caregivers. More research is needed to identify optimal approaches to these discussions.
Estimating the prevalence of borderline personality disorder in mothers involved in youth protection services
Authors: Laporte Lise , Paris Joel , Zelkowitz Phyllis 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCharacteristics of borderline personality disorder (BPD) can undermine maternal capacity and in some cases lead to involvement with youth protection services (YPS). Yet, few studies exist on the prevalence of maternal BPD in this context and on the comparison of these families with families with other maternal psychiatric disorders or families with no mental illness within YPS. The current study surveyed 291 caseworkers working with mothers whose children and adolescents are followed by YPS. After reported prevalence was adjusted with validation procedures, the prevalence of maternal BPD in a sample of 1875 mothers was 34.3%. Comparison of three groups of families suggest that some risk factors, including substance abuse and severe conjugal conflicts, were more frequent in mothers with BPD than in mothers with other psychiatric illness or none. Furthermore, results revealed that 48.9% of mothers with BPD had a history of being followed by YPS in their childhood. Finally, children of mothers with BPD were placed at a younger age than the other children and were less often reported for conduct disorder. These results call for more attention to these highly vulnerable parents and children in both research and in adult and child mental health services. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel approach for intra‐operative shape acquisition of the tibio‐femoral joints using 3D laser scanning in computer assisted orthopaedic surgery
Authors: Joshi Shailesh V. , Rowe Philip J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundImage registration (IR) is an important process of developing a spatial relationship between pre‐operative data and the physical patient in the operation theatre. Current IR techniques for Computer Assisted Orthopaedic Surgery (CAOS) are time consuming and costly. There is a need to automate and accelerate this process.MethodsBespoke quick, cost effective, contactless and automated 3D laser scanning techniques based on the DAVID Laserscanner method were designed. 10 cadaveric knee joints were intra‐operatively laser scanned and were registered with the pre‐operative MRI scans. The results are supported with a concurrent validity study.ResultsThe average absolute errors between scan models were systematically less than 1 mm. Errors on femoral surfaces were higher than tibial surfaces (P<0.05). Additionally, scans acquired through the large exposure produced higher errors than the smaller exposure (P<0.05).ConclusionThis study has provided proof of concept for a novel automated shape acquisition and registration technique for CAOS.
Suspended Silicon Microphotodiodes for Electrochemical and Biological Applications
Authors: Vargas‐Estevez Carolina , Duch Marta , Duque Marcos , del Campo Francisco Javier , Enriquez‐Barreto Lilian , Murillo Gonzalo , Torras Núria , Plaza José A. , Saura Carlos A. , Esteve Jaume 
Published: September 2017

AbstractLocal electric stimulation of tissues and cells has gained importance as therapeutic alternative in the treatment of many diseases. These alternatives aim to deliver a less invasively stimuli in liquid media, making imperative the development of versatile micro‐ and nanoscale solutions for wireless actuation. Here, a simple microfabrication process to produce suspended silicon microphotodiodes that can be activated by visible light to generate local photocurrents in their surrounding medium is presented. Electrical characterization using electrical probes confirms their diode behavior. To demonstrate their electrochemical performance, an indirect test is implemented in solution through photoelectrochemical reactions controlled by a white‐LED lamp. Furthermore, their effects on biological systems are observed in vitro using mouse primary neurons in which the suspended microphotodiodes are activated periodically with white‐LED lamp, bringing out observable morphological changes in neuronal processes. The results demonstrate a simplified and cost‐effective wireless tool for photovoltaic current generation in liquid media at the microscale.
Nickel oxide nanoparticles induce hepatocyte apoptosis via activating endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways in rats
Authors: Chang Xuhong , Liu Fangfang , Tian Minmin , Zhao Hongjun , Han Aijie , Sun Yingbiao 
Published: September 2017

AbstractNickel oxide nanoparticles (nano NiO) could induce hepatocyte apoptosis, while its potential mechanisms are unclear. This study aimed to explore the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathways in hepatocyte apoptosis induced by nano NiO. Male Wistar rats were administrated with nano NiO (0.015, 0.06, and 0.24 mg/kg b.w.) and micro NiO (0.24 mg/kg b.w.) by intratracheal instillation twice a week for 6 weeks. We measured the hepatocyte apoptosis levels by TdT‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labeling (TUNEL) staining, ER stress related gene and protein expression levels in rat liver. The results showed that the TUNEL positive cells increased after exposure nano NiO, hinting hepatocyte apoptosis. The up‐regulated gene and protein levels of 78 kD glucose regulated protein and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein suggested that nano NiO triggered ER stress. Nano NiO exposure contributed to the increased protein contents of inositol‐requiring enzyme 1 (IRE‐1)α, p‐IRE‐1α, X box protein‐1S, pancreatic ER kinase (PERK), p‐PERK, eukaryotic initiation factor‐2 alpha (eIF‐2α), p‐eIF‐2α, caspase‐12, −9, and −3, implicating that nano NiO can activate the pathways of ER stress‐mediated apoptosis. These findings indicate that the ER stress pathways may play an important role in hepatocyte apoptosis induced by nano NiO.
A Closer Look at Close Reading: Three Under‐the‐Radar Skills Needed to Comprehend Sentences
Authors: Mesmer Heidi Anne , Rose‐McCully M.M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractClose reading requires students to unpack the implicit relationships within and across sentences. The authors discuss three potential barriers to comprehension embedded within text that they have seen with their own students and with the teachers they have worked with: anaphoric relationships, connectives, and appositives. The authors begin each section with a vignette that provides an example of the problem area and a definition of each, with supporting research. The authors then conclude each section with strategies for teaching anaphora, connectives, and appositives.
Short note: Method of Dimensionality Reduction for compressible viscoelastic media. I. Frictionless normal contact of a Kelvin‐Voigt solid
Authors: Willert E. , Popov V. L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBased on the Method of Functional Equations by Lee and Radok we present the application of the Method of Dimensionality Reduction to frictionless axisymmetric normal contacts with a compressible Kelvin‐Voigt material. Both the contact between a rigid indenter and a viscoelastic medium and contacts between two viscoelastic bodies are studied. All mapping rules are given, strictly proven and illustrated by examples.
Open Fracture Management in Low‐Resource Settings: A Medical Training Experience in Cambodian Hospitals
Authors: Tajsic Nenad B. , Sambath Puon , Nguon Sophy , Sokh Vannara , Chheang Virak , Landsem Gaute , Zaletel Ivan , Husum Hans 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIntroductionA prospective interventional study has been carried out on the teaching effect and sustainability of low‐cost trauma training program in open tibia fracture management for health workers.Materials and methodsIn 2007, an external fixator and a patella‐bearing orthosis were developed at a rural workshop in Cambodia. From 2010 to 2016, a core group of nine Cambodian health workers was trained in open fracture management by Norwegian senior surgeons, using the locally made fixator and brace. The training outcome was also assessed by a questionnaire comprising of assertions regarding theoretical understanding, technical skills and self‐confidence in understanding the biomechanical properties of locally made external fixator and its application; the use of handmade orthosis and principle in covering of soft‐tissue defects.ResultsThe students managed 23 cases with the new technique with a primary healing rate of 70% (95% CI 48.1–85.5). A significant increase in self‐reported technical skills, understanding, and self‐confidence was reported.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that the capacity building of reconstructive surgery in low‐resource settings by local doctors and paramedics is clearly a reasonable option that may substantially reduce amputation of the limbs.
Blood free Radicals Concentration Determined by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Delayed Cerebral Ischemia Occurrence in Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Ewelina Grzywna , Krzysztof Stachura , Marek Moskala , Krzysztof Kruczala 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Pathophysiology of delayed cerebral ischemia and cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is still poorly recognized, however free radicals are postulated as one of the crucial players. This study was designed to scrutinize whether the concentration of free radicals in the peripheral venous blood is related to the occurrence of delayed cerebral ischemia associated with cerebral vasospasm. Twenty-four aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients and seven patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysm (control group) have been studied. Free radicals in patients’ blood have been detected by the electron paramagnetic resonance (CMH.HCl spin probe, 150 K, ELEXSYS E500 spectrometer) on admission and at least 72 h from disease onset. Delayed cerebral ischemia monitoring was performed by daily neurological follow-up and transcranial color coded Doppler. Delayed cerebral ischemia observed in six aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients was accompanied by cerebral vasospasm in all six cases. No statistically significant difference in average free radicals concentration between controls and study subgroups was noticed on admission (p = .3; Kruskal–Wallis test). After 72 h free radicals concentration in delayed cerebral ischemia patients (3.19 ± 1.52 mmol/l) differed significantly from the concentration in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients without delayed cerebral ischemia (0.65 ± 0.37 mmol/l) (p = .012; Mann–Whitney test). These findings are consistent with our assumptions and seem to confirm the role of free radicals in delayed cerebral ischemia development. Preliminary results presented above are promising and we need perform further investigation to establish whether blood free radicals concentration may serve as the biomarker of delayed cerebral ischemia associated with cerebral vasospasm.
BANKERS’ FORECASTS OF FARMLAND VALUES: A QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION
Authors: KUETHE TODD H. , HUBBS TODD 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis study evaluates the farmland price forecasts provided by the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago's Land Values and Credit Conditions Survey from 1991: quarter 1 (Q1) through 2016: Q1. Prior studies have demonstrated that similar surveys of agricultural bankers provide accurate predictions of the direction of future farm real estate values through qualitative forecast evaluation. This study extends the existing knowledge base by converting the qualitative responses to quantitative expectations. The quantified expectations are then subjected to additional forecast optimality tests, which suggest that the forecasts are unbiased but inefficient.
Keeping Communications Flowing During Large-scale Disasters: Leveraging Amateur Radio Innovations for Disaster Medicine
Authors: Cid Victor H. , Mitz Andrew R. , Arnesen Stacey J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMedical facilities may struggle to maintain effective communications during a major disaster. Natural and man-made disasters threaten connectivity by degrading or crippling Internet, cellular/mobile, and landline telephone services across wide areas. Communications among staff, between facilities, and to resources outside the disaster area may be lost for an extended time. A prototype communications system created by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) provides basic communication services that ensure essential connectivity in the face of widespread infrastructure loss. It leverages amateur radio to provide resilient email service to local users, enabling them to reach intact communications networks outside the disaster zone. Because amateur radio is inexpensive, always available, and sufficiently independent of terrestrial telecommunications infrastructure, it has often augmented telecommunications capabilities of medical facilities. NLM’s solution is unique in that it provides end-user to end-user direct email communications, without requiring the intervention of a radio operator in the handling of the messages. Medical staff can exchange email among themselves and with others outside the communications blackout zone. The technology is portable, is deployable on short notice, and can be powered in a variety of ways to adapt to the circumstances of each crisis. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:257–264)
CHURCH CORPORATIONS AND THE CONFLICT OF LAWS IN ANTEBELLUM AMERICA
Authors: Funk Kellen 
Published: September 2017

AbstractScholars frequently describe American religious disestablishment using commercial analogies, reckoning that states “privatized” religion or subjected churches to “free-market competition” by making them more like commercial businesses, yet this article demonstrates in part how churches pioneered many of the corporate devices that came to define American enterprise after the Civil War. Such descriptions are thus anachronistic. Antebellum jurists were not concerned about the similarity of churches to businesses, but rather their similarity to states, and the republican fear that churches could be rival sovereign states at first structured the law of disestablishment and incorporation. In most states, churches gained rights of general incorporation but faced significant limitations on their corporate governance and property holdings. InDartmouth College, the Marshall Court reimagined religious societies as private owners who, instead of governing as rival sovereignties, administered property in trust under their charters. But with the vague charters of general incorporation, state judges were left without a definite source of law to adjudicate church disputes. This article argues that courts thus allowed trust law to function as a conflict of laws analysis: Judges treated religious doctrine as a foreign legal system with rules that could be ascertained and accorded respect in American courts. Such a move created a positive, corporate right of religious liberty that becomes obscured if one conceives of religious freedom only as an individual right to be asserted against the state.