bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term maintenance and effects of exercise in early psychosis
Authors: Firth Joseph , Carney Rebekah , French Paul , Elliott Rebecca , Cotter Jack , Yung Alison R. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimThe aims of this study were to examine if people with first‐episode psychosis (FEP) are able to continue adhering to exercise after a supervised intervention and to explore if the benefits of exercise can be sustained.MethodsTwenty‐eight persons with FEP took part in a 10‐week exercise intervention that provided each participant with twice‐weekly accompaniment to exercise activities of their own choice, of whom 20 were re‐assessed 6 months after the intervention. Long‐term adherence to exercise was assessed, and measures of psychiatric symptoms, physical health, neurocognition and social functioning were administered at baseline, post‐intervention and 6‐month follow‐up.ResultsDuring the supervised intervention, participants achieved 124.4 min of moderate‐to‐vigorous exercise per week. After 6 months, physical activity levels had decreased significantly (P = 0.025) and only 55% of participants had continued to exercise weekly. Repeated‐measures analysis of variance found that the significant improvements in psychiatric symptoms and social functioning observed immediately after the intervention were maintained at 6 months (P = 0.001). However, post hoc analyses showed that symptomatic reductions were only maintained for those who continued to exercise, whereas symptom scores increased among those who had ceased exercising. Previously observed improvements in waist circumference and verbal memory were lost by 6 months.ConclusionLong‐term exercise participation is associated with significant benefits for symptoms, cognition and social functioning in FEP. However, adherence to unsupervised exercise is low. Future research should explore the effectiveness of ‘step‐down’ support following supervised interventions, and aim to establish sustainable methods for maintaining regular exercise in order to facilitate functional recovery and maintain physical health.
Utility and pitfalls of immunohistochemistry in the differential diagnosis between epithelioid mesothelioma and poorly differentiated lung squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kushitani Kei , Amatya Vishwa J , Okada Yasuko , Katayama Yuya , Mawas Amany S , Miyata Yoshihiro , Okada Morihito , Inai Kouki , Kishimoto Takumi , Takeshima Yukio 
Published: September 2016

AimsThe aims of this study were to clarify the usefulness of immunohistochemistry in the differential diagnosis of epithelioid mesothelioma with a solid growth pattern [solid epithelioid mesothelioma (SEM)] and poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (PDSCC), and to confirm the validity of a specific type of antibody panel. Additionally, we aimed to clarify the pitfalls of immunohistochemical analyses.Methods and resultsFormalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded specimens from 36 cases of SEM and 38 cases of PDSCC were immunohistochemically examined for calretinin, podoplanin (D2‐40), Wilms’ tumour gene product (WT1), cytokeratin (CK) 5/6, p40, p63, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), epithelial‐related antigen (MOC31), claudin‐4, thyroid transcription factor‐1 (TTF‐1), and napsin A. WT1 showed the highest diagnostic accuracy (85.1%) as a mesothelial marker, and CEA, p40 and claudin‐4 showed higher diagnostic accuracies (95.9%, 94.6%, and 93.2%, respectively) as carcinoma markers. Calretinin (diagnostic accuracy: 75.7%), D2‐40 (diagnostic accuracy: 67.6%), CK5/6 (diagnostic accuracy: 63.5%), TTF‐1 (diagnostic accuracy: 55.4%) and napsin A (diagnostic accuracy: 52.7%) could not differentiate between SEM and PDSCC. Among these markers, the combination of calretinin and WT1 showed the highest diagnostic accuracy (86.5%) as a positive marker, and the combination of p40 and CEA showed the highest diagnostic accuracy (97.3%) as a negative marker. The combination of CEA and claudin‐4 also showed relatively high diagnostic accuracy (94.6%) as a negative marker.ConclusionsWe recommend the combination of WT1 and calretinin as a positive maker, and the combination of CEA and claudin‐4 as a negative marker, for differential diagnoses of SEM and PDSCC.
Species richness of cuckoo bumblebees is determined by the geographical range area of the host bumblebee
Authors: Suhonen Jukka , Rannikko Janina , Sorvari Jouni 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

The geographical range area of host hypothesis predicts that regionally widespread host species are able to support higher local parasite species richness. In this study, we investigated the macro‐ecological patterns in cuckoo bumblebee species richness in relation to the geographical range area of their bumblebee hosts (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombini). The cuckoo bumblebees live in naturally fragmented environments composed of host bumblebee colonies upon which they are exclusively dependent.

We collected data on all 11 known cuckoo bumblebee species that are classified as parasites (obligate workerless social parasites) – and all 69 known bumblebee species in Europe.

Whereas some bumblebee hosts harbour several cuckoo bumblebee species, most are cuckoo free (78%). Bumblebees with a large geographical range area hosted more cuckoo bumblebee species than host species with a narrow range area. The geographical range area of cuckoo bumblebee species increased with increasing combined range area of all hosts, but it was smaller than combined range area of all hosts.

We found support for the hypothesis that the geographical range area of the host bumblebee species has an effect on the species richness of cuckoo bumblebees. If the range area of the host bumblebee species decreases, cuckoo bumblebees may become vulnerable to extinction.
Attentional bias in problematic drinkers with and without mild to borderline intellectual disability
Authors: van Duijvenbode N. , Didden R. , Korzilius H. P. L. M. , Engels R. C. M. E. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundProblematic drinkers favour the processing of alcohol‐related stimuli at the cost of other stimuli and also find it difficult to disengage their attention from these stimuli. This is indicative of an attentional bias towards alcohol. The goal of this study was to examine this bias in problematic drinkers with and without mild to borderline intellectual disability (MBID) using both eye tracking methodology and behavioural data (i.e. reaction time (RT) data).MethodParticipants (N = 133) were divided into four groups based on (estimated) full scale intelligence quotient (IQ) and severity of alcohol use‐related problems. The severity of substance use‐related problems was assessed with the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). The visual dot probe task was used to measure the attentional bias. We analysed both eye tracking data and behavioural data (i.e. RT data) of the visual dot probe task.ResultsProblematic drinkers were not more likely than light drinkers to direct their attention towards pictures of alcoholic beverages, did not look at these pictures longer than light drinkers and did also not respond faster than light drinkers to probes replacing pictures of alcoholic beverages. However, the strength of the attentional bias varied profusely.ConclusionTaking the large variability in the strength of the attentional bias and the poor psychometric qualities of the measures into consideration, it is concluded that the use of these measures for clinical purposes is discouraged.
Retentive Properties of O‐Ring and Locator Attachments for Implant‐Retained Maxillary Overdentures: An In Vitro Study
Authors: ELsyad Moustafa Abdou , Elhaddad Abdelsalam Amohamed , Khirallah Ahmed Samir 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate and compare retentive properties of O‐ring and Locator attachments for implant‐retained maxillary overdentures.Materials and MethodsFour implant analogs were inserted in canine and second premolar areas of an acrylic edentulous maxillary model. A metal‐reinforced experimental acrylic overdenture was constructed and connected to the analogs using either O‐ring (group I) or Locator (group II) attachments. Locators were divided into 3 subgroups according the degree of retention of the patrix nylon insert: Locator extra‐light retention (group IIa), Locator light retention (group IIb), and Locator medium retention (group IIc). Vertical and oblique (lateral, anterior, and posterior) dislodging forces were measured at the beginning of the study (initial retention) and after 540 cycles of denture insertion and removal (final retention).ResultsFor vertical, lateral, and anterior dislodging, group IIc recorded the highest initial and final retention, and group I recorded the lowest retention. For posterior dislodging, group I recorded the highest retention, and group IIa recorded the lowest retention. For group II, vertical dislodging recorded the highest initial and final retention, and lateral dislodging recorded the lowest retention. For group I, posterior dislodging recorded the highest initial and final retention, and lateral dislodging recorded the lowest retention. For all dislodging forces (except posterior dislodging), the highest retention loss was recorded in group I, and the lowest retention loss was recorded in group IIa.ConclusionLocator medium attachment was associated with favorable retention during axial (vertical) and nonaxial (anterior and lateral) dislodging compared to other types of Locator inserts and O‐ring attachments after a simulated 6‐month period of overdenture use.
High rate of oropharyngeal Kingella kingae carriage in New Zealand children
Authors: Olijve Laudi , Podmore Roslyn , Anderson Trevor , Walls Tony 
Published: September 2016

AimThis study aimed to describe the burden of disease and estimated rates of oropharyngeal carriage of Kingella kingae among New Zealand children. We compared polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and culture for the detection of this microorganism with a view to further development and implementation of K. kingae PCR in Christchurch Hospital.MethodsOropharyngeal swabs from children between 6 and 48 months of age were analysed by culture to estimate carriage rates of K. kingae. Samples of a subgroup of children between 12 and 24 months of age were also tested by PCR. In addition, a retrospective review was performed on all cases of invasive K. kingae disease and children with osteoarticular infections.ResultsOropharyngeal cultures were positive for K. kingae in specimens from 4 out of 176 children (2.3%). PCR was significantly more sensitive and by PCR, the carriage rate rose to 22.9% (95% CI = 9.4–33.9%) (n = 48). From 2005 to 2015, 17 children between 6 and 48 months of age were identified with invasive infections due to K. kingae. Seventy‐four children were found to have an osteoarticular infection. Most of these were culture‐negative with a microbiological diagnosis made in only 15 cases (20.3%), only one due to K. kingae.ConclusionsWe found a very high carriage rate of K. kingae in New Zealand children and poor performance of K. kingae culture. It is likely that many cases of invasive K. kingae infections remain undetected. We recommend the use of a K. kingae PCR in all children under 4 years of age with a possible osteoarticular infection.
The TamB ortholog of Borrelia burgdorferi interacts with the β‐barrel assembly machine (BAM) complex protein BamA
Authors: Iqbal Henna , Kenedy Melisha R. , Lybecker Meghan , Akins Darrin R. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryTwo outer membrane protein (OMP) transport systems in diderm bacteria assist in assembly and export of OMPs. These two systems are the β‐barrel assembly machine (BAM) complex and the translocation and assembly module (TAM). The BAM complex consists of the OMP component BamA along with several outer membrane associated proteins. The TAM also consists of an OMP, designated TamA, and a single inner membrane (IM) protein, TamB. Together TamA and TamB aid in the secretion of virulence‐associated OMPs. In this study we characterized the hypothetical protein BB0794 in Borrelia burgdorferi. BB0794 contains a conserved DUF490 domain, which is a motif found in all TamB proteins. All spirochetes lack a TamA ortholog, but computational and physicochemical characterization of BB0794 revealed it is a TamB ortholog. Interestingly, BB0794 was observed to interact with BamA and a BB0794 regulatable mutant displayed altered cellular morphology and antibiotic sensitivity. The observation that B. burgdorferi contains a TamB ortholog that interacts with BamA and is required for proper outer membrane biogenesis not only identifies a novel role for TamB‐like proteins, but also may explain why most diderms harbor a TamB‐like protein while only a select group encodes TamA.
Candida albicans responds to glycostructure damage by Ace2‐mediated feedback regulation of Cek1 signaling
Authors: van Wijlick Lasse , Swidergall Marc , Brandt Philipp , Ernst Joachim F. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryCandida albicans uses the Cek1 MAPK pathway to restore cells from damage of its cell wall glycostructures. Defective protein N‐ or O‐glycosylation activates Cek1 and the transcription factor Ace2 as its downstream target, to upregulate genes encoding protein O‐mannosyltransferases (Pmt proteins). In unstressed cells, Cek1‐Ace2 activity blocks expression of PMT1, which is de‐repressed by tunicamycin. Genomic binding targets of Ace2 included ZCF21, which was upregulated by Ace2 and found to repress PMT1 transcription in unstressed cells. Surprisingly, genes encoding components of the Cek1 pathway including MSB2, CST20, HST7, CEK1 and ACE2 were also identified as Ace2 targets indicating Ace2‐mediated transcriptional amplification of pathway genes under N‐glycosylation stress. In this condition, physical interaction of the Ace2 protein with the upstream MAPKKK Cst20 was detected. Cst20‐GFP showed stress‐induced import from the cytoplasm into the nucleus and phosphorylation of Ace2. Interestingly, forced nuclear localization of Cst20 inhibited Cek1‐Ace2 signaling, while forced cytoplasmic localization of Cst20 retained full signaling activity, suggesting that nuclear Cst20 downregulates the Cek1 pathway. Collectively, the results indicate that Ace2 is a versatile multifunctional transcriptional regulator, which activates glycostress responses of C. albicans by both positive forward and negative feedback regulation of Cek1 signaling.
The resistance of sour orange to Citrus tristeza virus is mediated by both the salicylic acid and RNA silencing defence pathways
Authors: Gómez‐Muñoz Neus , Velázquez Karelia , Vives María Carmen , Ruiz‐Ruiz Susana , Pina José Antonio , Flores Ricardo , Moreno Pedro , Guerri José 
Published: September 2016

SummaryCitrus tristeza virus (CTV) induces in the field the decline and death of citrus varieties grafted on sour orange (SO) rootstock, which has forced the use of alternative decline‐tolerant rootstocks in affected countries, despite the highly desirable agronomic features of the SO rootstock. Declining citrus plants display phloem necrosis below the bud union. In addition, SO is minimally susceptible to CTV compared with other citrus varieties, suggesting partial resistance of SO to CTV. Here, by silencing different citrus genes with a Citrus leaf blotch virus‐based vector, we have examined the implication of the RNA silencing and salicylic acid (SA) defence pathways in the resistance of SO to CTV. Silencing of the genes RDR1, NPR1 and DCL2/DCL4, associated with these defence pathways, enhanced virus spread and accumulation in SO plants in comparison with non‐silenced controls, whereas silencing of the genes NPR3/NPR4, associated with the hypersensitive response, produced a slight decrease in CTV accumulation and reduced stunting of SO grafted on CTV‐infected rough lemon plants. We also found that the CTV RNA silencing suppressors p20 and p23 also suppress the SA signalling defence, with the suppressor activity being higher in the most virulent isolates.
Biological nitrogen fixation by alternative nitrogenases in boreal cyanolichens: importance of molybdenum availability and implications for current biological nitrogen fixation estimates
Authors: Darnajoux Romain , Zhang Xinning , McRose Darcy L. , Miadlikowska Jolanta , Lutzoni François , Kraepiel Anne M. L. , Bellenger Jean‐Philippe 
Published: September 2016

Summary

Cryptogamic species and their associated cyanobacteria have attracted the attention of biogeochemists because of their critical roles in the nitrogen cycle through symbiotic and asymbiotic biological fixation of nitrogen (BNF). BNF is mediated by the nitrogenase enzyme, which, in its most common form, requires molybdenum at its active site. Molybdenum has been reported as a limiting nutrient for BNF in many ecosystems, including tropical and temperate forests. Recent studies have suggested that alternative nitrogenases, which use vanadium or iron in place of molybdenum at their active site, might play a more prominent role in natural ecosystems than previously recognized.

Here, we studied the occurrence of vanadium, the role of molybdenum availability on vanadium acquisition and the contribution of alternative nitrogenases to BNF in the ubiquitous cyanolichen Peltigera aphthosa s.l.

We confirmed the use of the alternative vanadium‐based nitrogenase in the Nostoc cyanobiont of these lichens and its substantial contribution to BNF in this organism. We also showed that the acquisition of vanadium is strongly regulated by the abundance of molybdenum.

These findings show that alternative nitrogenase can no longer be neglected in natural ecosystems, particularly in molybdenum‐limited habitats.
Ultrasound‐Guided Serratus Plane Block for Treatment of Postmastectomy Pain Syndromes in Breast Cancer Patients: A Case Series
Authors: Zocca Jennifer A. , Chen Grant H. , Puttanniah Vinay G. , Hung Joseph C. , Gulati Amitabh 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPostmastectomy pain syndrome is common after surgical treatment for breast cancer and may be challenging to manage. Currently, there are a wide variety of approaches to treat this type of pain, including medications, physical therapy, and interventional procedures. However, because of the complexity of innervation of the breast, the serratus plane block may better target the web of nerves innervating the anterior chest wall including the breast. We present a case series of 8 patients who were successfully treated with serratus plane block for pain after treatment for breast cancer. We feel that this particular application for the serratus plane block deserves further investigation, as it is relatively easy to perform and has good clinical utility for this type of pain.
Congestive heart failure in children with pneumonia and respiratory failure
Authors: Nimdet Kachaporn , Techakehakij Win 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundCongestive heart failure (CHF) is one of the most common cardiac complications of pneumonia in adulthood leading to increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Little is known, however, of CHF and pneumonia in children. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the characteristics and factors associated with CHF in under‐5 children with pneumonia and respiratory failure.MethodsA retrospective cohort was conducted in hospitalized patients aged 2–59 months with community‐acquired pneumonia and respiratory failure from June 2011 to June 2014 at Suratthani Hospital, Thailand. The characteristics, therapeutic strategy, and clinical outcomes of CHF were reviewed. Baseline characteristics and basic laboratory investigations on admission were compared between the CHF and non‐CHF groups.ResultsOf 135 patients, 14 (10%) had CHF. Compared with patients without CHF, the CHF group had prolonged intubation and hospital stay and high rates of associated complications such as ventilator‐associated pneumonia, sepsis, shock, and 30 day mortality. CHF was significantly associated with certain characteristics, including male sex and bacterial pneumonia.ConclusionsPneumonia with respiratory failure is associated with CHF even in healthy children without cardiac risks. The awareness and early recognition of CHF, particularly in male, and bacterial pneumonia, is important in order to provide immediate treatment to reduce complications.
Quality of basic life support education and automated external defibrillator setting in schools in Ishikawa, Japan
Authors: Takamura Akiteru , Ito Sayori , Maruyama Kaori , Ryo Yusuke , Saito Manami , Fujimura Shuhei , Ishiura Yuna , Hori Ariyuki 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundAutomated external defibrillators (AED) have been installed in schools in Japan since 2004, and the government strongly recommends teaching basic life support (BLS). We therefore examined the quality of BLS education and AED installation in schools.MethodsWe conducted a prefecture‐wide questionnaire survey of all primary and junior high schools in 2016, to assess BLS education and AED installation against the recommendations of the Japan Circulation Society. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi‐squared test.ResultsIn total, 195 schools out of 315 (62%) responded, of which 38% have introduced BLS education for children. BLS training was held in a smaller proportion of primary schools (18%) than junior high schools (86%). More than 90% of primary school staff had undergone BLS training in the previous 2 years. The most common locations of AED were the gymnasium (32%) followed by entrance hall (28%), staffroom (25%), and infirmary (12%). The reasons given for location were that it was obvious (34%), convenient for staff (32%), could be used out of hours (17%), and the most likely location for a heart attack (15%). Approximately 18% of schools reported that it takes >5 min to reach the AED from the furthest point.ConclusionBLS training, AED location, and understanding of both are not sufficient to save children's lives efficiently. Authorities should make recommendations about the correct number of AED, and their location, and provide more information to improve the quality of BLS training in schools.
Bayesian Inference for Matérn Repulsive Processes
Authors: Rao Vinayak , Adams Ryan P. , Dunson David D. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryIn many applications involving point pattern data, the Poisson process assumption is unrealistic, with the data exhibiting a more regular spread. Such repulsion between events is exhibited by trees for example, because of competition for light and nutrients. Other examples include the locations of biological cells and cities, and the times of neuronal spikes. Given the many applications of repulsive point processes, there is a surprisingly limited literature developing flexible, realistic and interpretable models, as well as efficient inferential methods. We address this gap by developing a modelling framework around the Matérn type III repulsive process. We consider some extensions of the original Matérn type III process for both the homogeneous and the inhomogeneous cases. We also derive the probability density of this generalized Matérn process, allowing us to characterize the conditional distribution of the various latent variables, and leading to a novel and efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. We apply our ideas to data sets of spatial locations of trees, nerve fibre cells and Greyhound bus stations.