bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extensive variation, but not local adaptation in an Australian alpine daisy
Authors: Hirst Megan J. , Sexton Jason P. , Hoffmann Ary A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAlpine plants often occupy diverse habitats within a similar elevation range, but most research on local adaptation in these plants has focused on elevation gradients. In testing for habitat‐related local adaptation, local effects on seed quality and initial plant growth should be considered in designs that encompass multiple populations and habitats. We tested for local adaptation across alpine habitats in a morphologically variable daisy species, Brachyscome decipiens, in the Bogong High Plains in Victoria, Australia. We collected seed from different habitats, controlled for maternal effects through initial seed size estimates, and characterized seedling survival and growth in a field transplant experiment. We found little evidence for local adaptation for survival or plant size, based on three adaptation measures: Home versus Away, Local versus Foreign, and Sympatric versus Allopatric (SA). The SA measure controlled for planting site and population (site‐of‐origin) effects. There were significant differences due to site‐of‐origin and planting site effects. An important confounding factor was the size of plants directly after transplantation of seedlings, which had a large impact on subsequent seedling survival and growth. Initial differences in plant width and height influenced subsequent survival across the growing season but in opposing directions: wide plants had higher survival, but tall plants had lower survival. In an additional controlled garden experiment at Cranbourne Royal Botanic Gardens, site‐of‐origin effects detected in the field experiments disappeared under more benign homogeneous conditions. Although B. decipiens from different source areas varied significantly when grown across a range of alpine habitats, these differences did not translate into a local or habitat‐related fitness advantage. This lack of local advantage may signal weak past selection, and/or weak adaptive transgeneration (plasticity) effects.
Improvement of renal function by changing the bone-modifying agent from zoledronic acid to denosumab
Authors: Yamasaki Mutsushi , Yuasa Takeshi , Uehara Sho , Fujii Yasuhisa , Yamamoto Shinya , Masuda Hitoshi , Fukui Iwao , Yonese Junji 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Background
In order to help in selecting the optimum bone-modifying agent (BMA; zoledronic acid or denosumab), we investigated the impact of the BMA on the renal function of patients with bone metastases.

Materials and methods
The present study consisted of 118 patients who were treated with denosumab for bone metastases secondary to prostate cancer, renal cell cancer, and urothelial cancer at our hospital between 2012 and 2015. The clinical course of the renal function of these patients, treated with zoledronic acid or denosumab, was retrospectively evaluated.

Results
Of the 118 patients who were treated with denosumab during the study period, 57 (48 %) had previously been administered zoledronic acid and 61 (52 %) had received denosumab as the first-line BMA. The reasons for changing from zoledronic acid to denosumab were increased creatinine serum level (26 patients, 46 %), patient preference (16 patients, 28 %), difficulty with venous infusion (10 patients, 17 %), and other reasons (5 patients, 9 %). The median level of creatinine clearance in the patients who changed from zoledronic acid to denosumab due to increased serum creatinine level was 59.9 ml/min before administration of zoledronic acid, 40.9 ml/min at the beginning of denosumab treatment, 47.5 ml/min at 3 months after administration of denosumab, and 52.0 ml/min at the last follow-up. There were significant differences.

Conclusions
For the first time, we demonstrated that the renal function of some patients, which had deteriorated following zoledronic acid administration, successfully improved after changing to denosumab.
The first ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur from the Upper Jurassic of the Umbrian–Marchean Apennines (Marche, Central Italy)
Authors: PAPARELLA ILARIA , MAXWELL ERIN E. , CIPRIANI ANGELO , RONCACÈ SCILLA , CALDWELL MICHAEL W. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe first ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur from the Upper Jurassic deposits of the Central–Northern Apennines (Marche, Italy) is here described for the first time. The specimen is relatively complete and is referred toGengasaurus nicosiaigen. et sp. nov. based on a unique combination of characters, including a peculiar condition of the preaxial accessory facet on the humerus. The faunal association of the ichthyosaur-bearing level indicates a late Kimmeridgian – earliest Tithonian age, and its finding contributes significantly to our knowledge of the diversity of Late Jurassic ichthyosaurs from the Western Tethys. Two shark teeth assigned to the order Hexanchiformes were also recovered in association with the ichthyosaur specimen, suggesting that scavenging of the carcass might have occurred.Gengasauruscan be referred to Ophthalmosauridae based on the reduced extracondylar area of the basioccipital, and the presence of a preaxial digit. It differs fromOphthalmosaurusspp. in several respects, including the shape of the posterior basisphenoid, the shape of the supraoccipital, the anteriorly deflected preaxial facet of the humerus, and a proximodistally shortened ulna. The new taxon actually shares diagnostic characters with both members of the two main lineages recovered in previous phylogenetic analyses, more nested within Ophthalmosauridae. The affinities ofGengasaurusto genera from both the northern and southern hemispheres also suggest that connectivity between pelagic habitats was high during the early Late Jurassic, allowing dispersal of some forms, followed by local, endemic divergence.
Patterns of species diversity: fact or artifact?
Authors: Osman Richard W. , Whitlatch Robert B. 
Published: July 2016

The pattern observed in nature has often served as a compelling motivation for seeking the underlying processes which are assumed to control the pattern. Spatial and temporal patterns of species diversity are the most commonly observed and described from the study of recent and paleocommunities. These patterns include those found within a local or discrete region such as succession and changes along an environmental gradient and interregional or global patterns such as latitudinal diversity gradients and comparisons of the deep-sea and the continental shelf faunas. Many hypotheses have been advanced to explain these patterns in terms of differences in the biology of species adapted to different or changing environments. However, a more simple explanation is possible: that these patterns do not result from any specific biologic processes.We examine this possibility and show that succession can result from probabilistic immigration and local extinction of species, diversity gradients can result from probabilistic disturbance in naturally patchy environments, and that latitudinal gradients can be simply a function of the shape of the earth. As long as such diversity patterns can be explained independent of any specific biologic processes, they offer no test of the importance of these processes, either ecologically or evolutionarily.
Neurobiology or agression and impulsivity
Authors: Tuinier S. , Verhoeven W.M.A. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYBecause of the graded nature of adaptational processes, a dimensional diagnostic approach is more adequate than the categorical classification. The broad concept of the serotonin-aggression relationship, irrespective of the diagnostic category, is increasingly questionable and seems to be present in young, white male adults with antisocial personality disorders only. In this group, dopaminergic and neurosteroid-linked mechanisms are important as well.
Sulla Eziologia Ereditaria delle Fibre Mieliniche del Fundus. (Coppia MZ con reperto concordante di fibre mieliniche e di residui embrionari della cristalloide posteriore e coppia MZ con reperto discordante di fibre mieliniche e concordanti di epilessia)
Authors: Gedda L. , Lumbroso B. D. , Catalino P. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYThe Authors have studied the hereditary etiology of myelinated nerve fibers of the retina and present two twin cases: one MZ pair concordant as to myelinated nerve fibers and to embryonic remains of the posterior capsule of the lens, and another MZ pair discordant as to myelinated nerve fibers and concordant as to epilepsy.
Expression of the chemokine CXCL14 and cetuximab-dependent tumour suppression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kondo T , Ozawa S , Ikoma T , Yang X-Y , Kanamori K , Suzuki K , Iwabuchi H , Maehata Y , Miyamoto C , Taguchi T , Kiyono T , Kubota E , Hata R-I 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCetuximab, a monoclonal antibody against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), has been successfully used to treat some patients with colorectal cancer and those with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). For the effective treatment, it is essential to first identify cetuximab-responsive patients. The level of EGFR expression and/or the presence of mutations in signalling molecules downstream of the EGFR pathway have been reported to be determining factors for cetuximab responsiveness in colorectal cancer patients; however, limited data have been reported for HNSCC patients. We previously reported that the chemokine CXCL14 exhibits tumour-suppressive effects against xenografted HNSCC cells, which may be classified into two groups, CXCL14-expressing and non-expressing cells under serum-starved culture conditions. Here we employed CXCL14-expressing HSC-3 cells and CXCL14-non-expressing YCU-H891 cells as representatives of the two groups and compared their responses to cetuximab and their CXCL14 expression under various conditions. The growth of xenografted tumours initiated by HSC-3 cells, which expressed CXCL14 in vivo and in vitro, was suppressed by the injection of cetuximab into tumour-bearing mice; however, neither the expression of the chemokine nor the cetuximab-dependent suppression of xenograft tumour growth was observed for YCU-H891 cells. Both types of cells expressed EGFR and neither type harboured mutations in signalling molecules downstream of EGFR that have been reported in cetuximab-resistant colon cancer patients. The inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signalling increased the levels of CXCL14 messenger RNA (mRNA) in HSC-3 cells, but not in YCU-H891 cells. We also observed that the CXCL14 promoter region in YCU-H891 cells was hypermethylated, and that demethylation of the promoter by treatment with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine restored CXCL14 mRNA expression and in vivo cetuximab-mediated tumour growth suppression. Finally, we observed in vivo tumour growth suppression when YCU-H891 cells were engineered to express CXCL14 ectopically in the presence of doxycycline. These results indicate that CXCL14 expression may be a good predictive biomarker for cetuximab-dependent tumour suppression.
Explore a fuzzy based design evaluation for safety syringe innovative design
Authors: Wu Chang-Tzuoh 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
– Abuse and reuse of syringes will let nursing professionals suffer serious risk of cross-infection of diseases. The purpose of this paper is to propose a flexible and extensible innovative design approach of single-use safety syringe. Besides, the evaluation procedure for syringe has also been developed.

Design/methodology/approach
– By using the innovative design processes, based on the Su-Field model and extension method, this study presents designing of a new single-use safety syringe incorporating features and discarding problems.

Findings
– The solution of design problem indicated that the substance “fingers grip cap” should be replaced. The advantages and disadvantages of proposed new designs of safety syringe as well as the perceived differences on the use of the safety syringes can be found out by using Focus Group Interview method.

Research limitations/implications
– This research focussed on the function innovation without considering the psychology effect, such as shape aesthetics and users’ emotion.

Practical implications
– The single-use safety syringe design and corresponding examples are adopted to explain the design processes and confirm the feasibility of the proposed approach.

Originality/value
– This paper proposes a flexible and extensible innovative design approach of single-use safety syringe which is seldom studied. Importance and emergency of safety syringe design cannot be overemphasized.
Pole placement design of proportional-integral observer with stochastic perturbations
Authors: Hu Feng-Rung , Hu Jia-Sheng 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to present a proportional-integral (PI) observer design on a linear system with stochastic noises.

Design/methodology/approach
– The noised disturbances are modeled as independent Brownian motions for various affections, such as radiation, heat, and material fatigue. These phenomena are common in applications, such as biomolecules, nonlinear control, and biochemical networks. Under this framework, this paper proposes a new approach on a PI observer in terms of four crucial theorems, and an illustrative numerical example is given to verify the proposed design.

Findings
– The results provide potential solutions for system fault tolerance and isolation.

Originality/value
– This paper proposes a design, solvability, and controllability analysis on a PI observer in terms of four crucial theorems.
Numerical investigation of CuO-water nanofluid turbulent convective heat transfer in square cross-section duct under constant heat flux
Authors: Ting Hsien-Hung , Hou Shuhn-Shyurng 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to numerically investigate the convective heat transfer of water-based CuO nanofluids flowing through a square cross-section duct under constant heat flux in the turbulent flow regime.

Design/methodology/approach
– The numerical simulation is carried out at various Peclet numbers and particle concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 vol%). The finite volume formulation is used with the semi-implicit method for pressure-linked equations algorithm to solve the discretized equations derived from the partial nonlinear differential equations of the mathematical model.

Findings
– The heat transfer coefficients and Nusselt numbers of CuO-water nanofluids increase with increases in the Peclet number as well as particle volume concentration. Also, enhancement of the heat transfer coefficient is much greater than that of the effective thermal conductivity at the same nanoparticle concentration.

Research limitations/implications
– Simulation of nanofluids turbulent forced convection at very high Reynolds number is worth for further study.

Practical implications
– The heat transfer rates through non-circular ducts are smaller than the circular tubes. Nevertheless, the pressure drop of the non-circular duct is less than that of the circular tube. This study clearly presents that the nanoparticles suspended in water enhance the convective heat transfer coefficient, despite low volume fraction between 0.1 and 0.8 percent. Adding nanoparticles to conventional fluids may enhance heat transfer performance through the non-circular ducts, leading to extensive practical applications in industries for the non-circular ducts.

Originality/value
– Few papers have numerically studied convective heat transfer properties of nanofluids through non-circular ducts. The present numerical results show a good agreement with the published experimental data.
The Indian Kattalio Game: mapping the counterfeit currency network in India
Authors: Viswanathan Balasubramaniyan 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the counterfeit currency network in India. This research is an endeavour to bring out various layers which act as source, collection and distribution points in a counterfeit currency network in India. This paper also deals with the fake currency network and its linkages to terrorism.

Design/methodology/approach
Methodology adopted is a descriptive one which conducts a content analysis on materials derived from secondary sources supported by information from primary source data acquired through the Right to Information Act.

Findings
This paper argues that the existing measure of calculating the incidence of counterfeit notes per million is understated by the relevant stakeholders in India. This measure changes drastically when other factors such as high denomination notes and police seizures are taken into account, which has not been attempted, though it is duly acknowledged by the stakeholders. This paper has attempted to map the locations in India which act as ingress, distribution and circulation points based on evidentiary data derived from the seizure records. This paper also highlights the fact that criminal gang-operated networks of fake currency are compartmentalised, while the networks operated by terror groups are de-compartmentalised.

Practical implications
In the process, this paper attempts to enlighten stakeholders like law enforcement agencies, banking regulators and counter terrorism community on the penetration levels of the fake Indian currency note (FICN) networks in India and the need to target these important nodes or points or layers to break up the FICN network. This also highlights fund-raising mechanisms of terror groups, where FICN acts as the main funding resource for groups like the Indian Mujahideen for carrying out low-cost terror attacks.

Originality/value
The key findings of this research lie in its originality of presentation of facts in a systematic fashion.
National disaster management in the ASEAN-5: an analysis of tourism resilience
Authors: Bhati Abhishek , Upadhayaya Aditya , Sharma Amit 
Published: July 2016

PurposeThis report aims to present a detailed evaluation of resilience planning of the ASEAN-5 tourism sector to national disasters. The project analyses the challenges to the tourism industry in the ASEAN-5 (Singapore, Indonesia, Thailand, the Philippines and Malaysia) countries due to national disasters (economic crisis, health hazards, natural calamity and/or act of terrorism) and the effectiveness of the measures taken in response to disastrous events.Design/methodology/approachThe project analyses the effect of national disasters over a 10-year period in the ASEAN-5 countries on tourism economy and effectiveness of government action in resilience planning. The study uses two research questions to comment on comparative effectiveness of resilience planning in the ASEAN-5 nations.FindingsThe findings of this study revealed that national disasters affect a county’s tourism sector performance and its economy negatively. In particular, national disasters have harmful effects for a country’s tourism arrivals, tourism receipts, gross domestic product and unemployment. The findings reveal that regardless of geographical closeness of the ASEAN-5 countries, each experienced different effects in terms of national disasters and each used different government recovery measures.Practical implicationsThis paper builds a knowledge management system for national disasters and the tourism sector. It provides a ready reference of timeliness and effectiveness of measures and to develop a framework for future tourist disaster management systems. Specifically, the relationships between the tourism indicators explored in this study contribute significantly to the knowledge on how these indicators interact to affect the tourism industry and the country’s economy. Furthermore, this information would act as a guide for countries to design and implement resilience planning and disaster management response.Originality/valueResilience planning is emerging as a key area under sustainable development. This report presents an evaluation of resilience planning of the ASEAN-5 tourism sector to national disasters.
Characterization of a highly virulent and antimicrobial‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strain isolated from diseased chicks in China
Authors: Liu Dong , Liu Zeng‐Shan , Hu Pan , Hui Qi , Fu Bao‐Quan , Lu Shi‐Ying , Li Yan‐Song , Zou De‐Ying , Li Zhao‐Hui , Yan Dong‐Ming , Ding Yan‐Xia , Zhang Yuan‐Yuan , Zhou Yu , Liu Nan‐Nan , Ren Hong‐Lin 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTPoultry husbandry is a very important aspect of the agricultural economy in China. However, chicks are often susceptible to infectious disease microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses and parasites, causing large economic losses in recent years. In the present study, we isolated an Acinetobacter baumannii strain, CCGGD201101, from diseased chicks in the Jilin Province of China. Regression analyses of virulence and LD50 tests conducted using healthy chicks confirmed that A. baumannii CCGGD201101, with an LD50 of 1.81 (±0.11) × 104 CFU, was more virulent than A. baumannii ATCC17978, with an LD50 of 1.73 (±0.13) × 107 CFU. Moreover, TEM examination showed that the pili of A. baumannii CCGGD201101 were different from those of ATCC17978. Antibiotic sensitivity analyses showed that A. baumannii CCGGD201101 was sensitive to rifampicin but resistant to most other antibiotics. These results imply that A. baumannii strain CCGGD201101 had both virulence enhancement and antibiotic resistance characteristics, which are beneficial for A. baumannii survival under adverse conditions and enhance fitness and invasiveness in the host. A. baumannii CCGGD20101, with its high virulence and antimicrobial resistance, may be one of the pathogens causing death of diseased chicks.
Development of a local relative value unit to measure radiologists’ computed tomography reporting workload
Authors: Dora Jose Miguel , Torres Felipe Soares , Gerchman Marcos , Fogliatto Flavio S 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIntroductionDemand for CT examinations is continually increasing, with radiologists’ reporting times (RRTs) being the major constraint in CT productivity. As CT complexity varies according to the anatomical region, there is a need for methods that normalize radiologist work to address reporting workload.MethodsAll CT orders, from July 2013 to February 2015, from a 850‐bed tertiary‐care, university‐based general hospital in southern Brazil, were studied. Type of examination and RRTs were retrieved from our Radiology Information System/IMPAX. Based on RRTs, after exclusion of spurious results, we calculated local relative value units (L‐RVUs) for different examinations. We also compared these results with the US‐Medicare/Medicaid RVU (US‐RVU).ResultsThe query resulted in 42,382 occurrences for 24 tests. Among the tests, 15 had sample size n ≥ 100. The 9 tests with n < 100 were grouped into 4 sets of tests, resulting in the analysis of 17 categories of tests. RRTs for total abdomen CT, thorax CT and central nervous system CT were 17.1 ± 14.6, 14.2 ± 11.1 and 7.0 ± 6.5 minutes, respectively. L‐RVUs for the 17 categories of tests were calculated, resulting in values from 1.00 to 4.18. L‐RVU and US‐RVU displayed no correlation (r = 0.05; P‐value = 0.86).ConclusionComputed tomography radiologists’ reporting workload varies considerably across different tests. Moreover, the lack of significant correlation between US‐RVU and L‐RVU highlights the need for contextualized methods to locally address radiologists’ reporting workload. Thus, the use of L‐RVU could aid in planning and managing a CT Unit.