bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of ultrasound pretreatments on diffusion coefficients, texture and colour of osmodehydrated sweet potato (Ipomea batatas)
Authors: Oladejo Ayobami Olayemi , Ma Haile , Qu Wenjuan , Zhou Cunshan , Wu Bengang , Yang Xue 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe moisture and solute diffusivities, texture and colour of sweet potato pretreated in distilled water with ultrasound (UD), osmotic dehydration without ultrasound (OD) and osmotic dehydration with ultrasound (UOD) were investigated to determine the effects of ultrasound on osmodehydrated sweet potato. The moisture and solute diffusivities of all the pretreatments ranged from 2.89 to 4.95 × 10−10 and 1.17 to 1.67 × 10−10 m2 s−1, respectively. The moisture diffusivity of samples treated in UOD was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of OD and UD by 30.82% and 41.62%, respectively. Compared to the fresh sample, the firmness of samples treated in OD and UOD was reduced by 83.53% and 92.47%, respectively. UD increased the brightness (L*) and reduced the redness (a*) of sweet potato, while UOD enhanced the yellowness (b*) and chroma (C*) of sweet potato. The sweet potato samples treated in UOD had the highest total colour difference (ΔE).
Practical approaches to commencing device‐assisted therapies for Parkinson disease in Australia
Authors: Williams David R. , Evans Andrew H. , Fung Victor S. C. , Hayes Michael , Iansek Robert , Kimber Thomas , O'Sullivan John D. , Sue Carolyn M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn Australia 1% of individuals aged over 50 years have Parkinson disease (PD). Guidance for commencing device‐assisted therapies (DAT) for PD in Australia was developed based on a review of European recommendations and their relevance to the local clinical setting. An online survey and teleconference discussions were held by a group of eight local movement disorder experts to develop consensus. Referral to a movement disorder specialist and consideration of DAT is appropriate when motor fluctuations cause disability or reduced quality of life, response to treatment is inconsistent or motor fluctuations and dyskinesias require frequent treatment adjustment without apparent benefit and levodopa is required four or more times daily. Three types of DAT are available in Australia for patients with PD: continuous subcutaneous apomorphine; continuous levodopa‐carbidopa intestinal gel infusion; and deep brain stimulation. All improve consistency of motor response. The most important aspects when considering which DAT to use are the preferences of the patient and their carers, patient comorbidities, age, cognitive function and neuropsychiatric status. Patients and their families need to be provided with treatment options that are suitable to them, with adequate explanations regarding the recommendations and comparison of potential device‐related complications. DAT are best managed, where possible, in a specialist centre with experience in all three types of therapy. Proactive and early management of symptoms during disease progression is essential to maintain optimally motor responses and quality of life in patients with PD.
Tail Dependence and Systemic Risk in Operational Losses of the US Banking Industry
Authors: Abdymomunov Azamat , Ergen Ibrahim 
Published: February 2017

AbstractUsing supervisory operational loss data of the US banking industry, we analyze dependence among operational losses within banks and across banks. We find evidence of relatively strong dependence among tail losses of different operational loss types within banks. Applying a copula framework, we estimate that the median correlation parameter for the key operational loss types is around 30% and exceeds 50% for some banks in our sample. Our results contrast with the previous literature that documents that correlation parameter estimates are in the range of 5–10% and typically do not exceed 20%. Further, we demonstrate significant model risk from not accounting for dependence among tail losses, resulting in material underestimation of operational risk. In addition, we investigate dependence of operational losses across banks. Using a copula framework, we estimate correlation parameters between losses of large banks in our sample to be 42% on average. This result suggests the presence of systemic risk from the simultaneous occurrence of operational tail losses in different large banks.
Groundwater Depletion Beneath Downtown Tucson, Arizona: A 240‐Year Record
Authors: Eastoe C.J. , Gu Ailiang 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBeginning with the foundation date of Spanish Tucson in 1775 and continuing through the 1890s, shallow groundwater and related features, including a perched aquifer, stream‐bed springs and a short perennial reach in the Santa Cruz River, progressively disappeared from the Downtown Tucson area. The 20th‐Century city grew rapidly, and increasing groundwater withdrawals caused large declines in the regional aquifer of Tucson basin, leaving a second perched aquifer with non‐aqueous contaminants beneath Downtown. Isotope data show that this fully perched aquifer retains residual water from the regional aquifer, plus recharge derived from a nearby small watercourse. The present regional aquifer beneath Downtown is locally layered and partly confined, and contains water 7–20 Ka years old originating at the northern and southeastern basin margins.
Study on reduction reaction of MoO2 powder with NH3
Authors: Wang Lu , Zhang Guo‐Hua , Chou Kuo‐Chih 
Published: February 2017

AbstractReaction mechanism between MoO2 powder and NH3 in the temperature range of 1028‐1273 K has been investigated. The results show that reduction products are strongly dependent on the reaction temperature employed. It is found that molybdenum nitride (Mo2N) can be successfully synthesized when the temperature is below 1078 K, with the morphologies keep the same as that of the raw material MoO2. Although the temperature is above 1078 K, metal Mo powder will be turned up; at the even higher temperatures, the thermodynamically stable phase will be metal Mo. In addition, MoOxN1−x as an intermediate product is formed during the reduction processes.
Intermediate temperature oxidative strength degradation of a SiC/SiNC composite with a polymer‐derived matrix
Authors: Poerschke David L. , Rossol Michael N. , Zok Frank W. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe article describes an experimental investigation of oxidative degradation in mechanical performance of a SiC fiber‐reinforced composite with a SiCN matrix produced by polymer infiltration and pyrolysis. Tensile stress rupture and retained strength tests were performed at 800°C in dry air and in water vapor. Fracture surfaces were examined to determine the degree of fiber pull‐out and constituent oxidation and to measure radii of representative fiber fracture mirrors. The results indicate that degradation in tows adjacent to cut surfaces occurs equally rapidly in water vapor with or without application of stress; regions in the composite interior and near as‐processed (uncut) surfaces appear far less affected. Similar effects are evident but less pronounced in dry air. Although oxidation of fiber coatings is observed in some cases, collectively the results suggest that fiber degradation is the main mechanism leading to reduced composite strength.
Second harmonic generation in germanotellurite bulk glass‐ceramics
Authors: Truong Lo Nhat , Dussauze Marc , Allix Mathieu , Chenu Sébastien , Cardinal Thierry , Fargin Evelyne , Santos Luís F. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn this study, we have investigated the use of silver cation as nucleating agent in germanotellurite glass matrix of compositions (100−x) [70TeO2–10GeO2–10Nb2O5–10K2O]–xAg2O (x=0‐6 mol%), in order to promote bulk crystallization. Density measurements, differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray diffraction, UV‐Vis, and Raman spectroscopies have been performed to study the crystallization process. We have observed bulk crystallization of a unique noncentrosymmetric phase, K[Nb1/3Te2/3]2O4.8, which has been investigated for its second‐order optical activity. Transparent to translucent glass‐ceramics have been successfully tailored under thermal treatment and second harmonic generation signals were recorded on the glass‐ceramic samples as a function of their synthesis procedure. It is suggested that the second‐order optical properties observed are strongly related to the organization of crystallites within phase‐separated domains.
Almost complete peritectic reaction in YBa2(Cu1−xFex)3O7−δ crystallization involving nanosized primary phase
Authors: Qian Jun , Fan Wenshuo , Du Gehai , Li Haochen , Xiang Hui , Hussain Ghulam , Liu Yan , Cui Xiangxiang , Diko Pavel , Yao Xin , Zou Zhiqiang 
Published: February 2017

AbstractStudy on peritectic reaction is a matter of significant importance in materials science, which generally involves in the solidification of most functional oxide materials, for example, the YBa2Cu3O7−δ (Y123) superconductor could be grown via a reaction of Y2BaCuO5 (Y211) + Liquid→Y123. Due to its crystallization characteristic, the growth of those materials does not entirely proceed, which severely impedes the development of industrialized process. Thus the realization of a complete peritectic reaction is an interesting issue for both theory and experiment. Here, we report an almost complete peritectic reaction occurring in the growth of YBa2(Cu1−xFex)3O7−δ crystals using modified melt‐growth. Our findings remarkably show that Y211 almost fully reacted with liquid to generate Y123, remaining approximately 1 vol%, evidently lower than that in the normal case. The nature of this unconventional phenomenon is clarified that the Fe‐doping elevates the nucleation barrier in the peritectic melting of Y123 and causes a massive homogeneous nucleation catastrophe, leading to nanosized and dispersive Y211 particles, which readily and almost fully dissolve in the subsequent peritectic solidification of Y123. Most importantly, the new conception derived from this work is promising for reviving other functional materials, which are disregarded due to their incomplete peritectic reactions.
Contrasting diversification history between insular and continental species of three‐leaved azaleas (Rhododendron sect. Brachycalyx) in East Asia
Authors: Yoichi Watanabe , Jin Xiao‐Feng , Peng Ching‐I , Tamaki Ichiro , Tomaru Nobuhiro 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimTo reconstruct the diversification history of Rhododendron sect. Brachycalyx (Ericaceae), and to elucidate the differences in evolutionary history between 18 insular and two continental species.LocationIslands of Japan, South Korea and Taiwan and the mainland of China in East Asia.MethodsSequences of seven non‐coding chloroplast DNA regions (3971 bp) were obtained from 74 populations covering all 20 species in Rhododendron sect. Brachycalyx. The diversification history of the section was estimated by phylogenetic analysis and molecular dating. Genetic diversity estimates within species and species groups (continental and insular species) were calculated. Differences in patterns of genetic structure within each species group were estimated by analysis of the spatial genetic structure.ResultsThe section was monophyletic and started to diversify in the late Miocene or Pliocene. We detected 61 haplotypes in the section, of which 44 were observed in the insular species and 17 in the continental species. The two species groups were almost monophyletic. Genetic diversity across species was higher for the group of insular species than for the group of continental species, corresponding to the difference in species richness. In contrast, the insular species showed a tendency towards low genetic diversity within species and populations, whereas the continental species showed the opposite trend.Main conclusionsThe rapid diversification in the insular species during the Quaternary may be a result of genetic drift due to population isolation and population decline on the islands. In contrast, widespread migration or colonization may have prevented allopatric speciation in the continental species.
Elevational seed plants richness patterns in Bhutan, Eastern Himalaya
Authors: Kluge Jürgen , Worm Sebastian , Lange Simon , Long David , Böhner Jürgen , Yangzom Rinchen , Miehe Georg 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimWe used published data of the floristic and elevational distribution of seed plants of Bhutan to test the contribution of climatic, topographical and biogeographical variables to shape elevational species richness and endemism patterns.LocationBhutan.MethodsWe compiled data of seed plant species distributions from the Flora of Bhutan and related them to energy, humidity, and topographically related variables and biogeographical distributions. We used multiple regression models to identify most predictive independent variables by multi‐model‐inference based on AICc.ResultsWe find highest species richness at mid elevations (1500–2000 m), while endemic richness peaks markedly higher at 4500 m. Separated for life forms, the peak of richness shifts upward along the elevational gradient in the order of trees – shrubs – herbs – graminoids. Elevational richness peaks of temperate taxa were centred at high and of tropical taxa at low elevations. Temperature was identified as most influential for species richness patterns and showed a humped relationship to richness patterns.Main conclusionsThe humped patterns of species richness in Bhutan correspond to results from other studies in low latitude mountains, and the correlation of these patterns to energy driven variables, especially temperature, can be confirmed. The humped relationship of temperature (including water regimes driven by temperature) to richness indicates elevation zones of moderate temperatures with absence of temperature extremes as predicting species richness, and the high elevation peak of endemism may be related to mountain terrain configuration and climatic history. The different elevations of richness peaks of tropical and temperate taxa underlines the notion of a transition zone between temperate and tropical realms, thus the intermingling of different evolutionary histories. For further research, we require fine scale local data for detailed taxa distributions in order to infer issues from evolutionary processes in landscape development to identify target regions for conservation purposes.
Continuous dosing versus interrupted therapy with ixekizumab: an integrated analysis of two phase 3 trials in psoriasis
Authors: Blauvelt A. , Papp K.A. , Sofen H. , Augustin M. , Yosipovitch G. , Katoh N. , Mrowietz U. , Ohtsuki M. , Poulin Y. , Shrom D. , Burge R. , See K. , Mallbris L. , Gordon K.B. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundContinuous treatment is recommended for patients with moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis; however, treatment may need to be interrupted in routine clinical practice.ObjectiveTo assess outcomes in patients continuously treated with ixekizumab versus those who interrupted therapy and were subsequently retreated with ixekizumab (IXE).MethodsThis analysis used data pooled from two phase 3 trials, UNCOVER‐1 and UNCOVER‐2. Patients were randomized to placebo (PBO), IXE every 4 (Q4W) or IXE every 2 weeks (Q2W) for 12 weeks. Patients with a static Physician's Global Assessment (sPGA) 0, 1 at Week 12 were rerandomized to IXEQ4W, IXE every 12 weeks (not presented) or PBO. We examined outcomes in patients who were continuously treated (IXEQ2W/IXEQ4W; IXEQ4W/IXEQ4W) or withdrawn (IXEQ2W/PBO; IXEQ4W/PBO), and in patients who were withdrawn and retreated with IXEQ4W for 24 weeks after disease relapse (sPGA ≥3).ResultsA total of 1226 treated patients achieved an sPGA 0, 1 at Week 12 and entered the maintenance phase; of these patients, 402 and 416 were rerandomized to PBO and IXEQ4W, respectively. Among patients interrupting treatment, 157 (82.2%) of IXEQ4W/PBO and 176 (83.4%) of IXEQ2W/PBO had an sPGA ≥3 by Week 60; median time to relapse was approximately 20 weeks irrespective of induction dose. At Week 60, continuously treated patients maintained high levels of PASI and sPGA responses (90.0% PASI 75 IXEQ2W/IXEQ4W; 81.9% sPGA 0, 1 IXEQ2W/IXEQ4W, non‐responder imputation). After 24 weeks of retreatment with IXEQ4W (IXEQ2W/PBO/IXEQ4W and IXEQ4W/PBO/IXEQ4W), 87.0% (107 of 123) and 95.1% (97 of 102) (observed), respectively, of patients recaptured PASI 75 and 70.7% (104 of 147) and 82.3% (107 of 130) (observed) recaptured an sPGA 0, 1. Overall, adverse events in continuously treated and retreated patients were comparable.ConclusionHigh levels of response were sustained with continuous ixekizumab treatment through 60 weeks. Most patients who were withdrawn experienced disease relapse, and most of those patients recaptured response after 24 weeks of retreatment.
Development of a transformation model to derive general population–based utility: Mapping the pruritus–visual analog scale (VAS) to the EQ‐5D utility
Authors: Park Sun‐Young , Park Eun‐Ja , Suh Hae Sun , Ha Dongmun , Lee Eui‐Kyung 
Published: February 2017

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesAlthough nonpreference‐based disease‐specific measures are widely used in clinical studies, they cannot generate utilities for economic evaluation. A solution to this problem is to estimate utilities from disease‐specific instruments using the mapping function. This study aimed to develop a transformation model for mapping the pruritus–visual analog scale (VAS) to the EuroQol 5‐Dimension 3‐Level (EQ‐5D‐3L) utility index in pruritus.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted with a sample (n = 268) drawn from the general population of South Korea. Data were randomly divided into 2 groups, one for estimating and the other for validating mapping models. To select the best model, we developed and compared 3 separate models using demographic information and the pruritus‐VAS as independent variables. The predictive performance was assessed using the mean absolute deviation and root mean square error in a separate dataset.ResultsAmong the 3 models, model 2 using age, age squared, sex, and the pruritus‐VAS as independent variables had the best performance based on the goodness of fit and model simplicity, with a log likelihood of 187.13. The 3 models had similar precision errors based on mean absolute deviation and root mean square error in the validation dataset. No statistically significant difference was observed between the mean observed and predicted values in all models.ConclusionsIn conclusion, model 2 was chosen as the preferred mapping model. Outcomes measured as the pruritus‐VAS can be transformed into the EQ‐5D‐3L utility index using this mapping model, which makes an economic evaluation possible when only pruritus‐VAS data are available.
Clinical Benefits of the Immediate Implant Socket Shield Technique
Authors: Saeidi Pour Reza , Zuhr Otto , Hürzeler Markus , Prandtner Otto , Rafael Caroline Freitas , Edelhoff Daniel , Liebermann Anja 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveExtraction‐socket resorption is considered a major problem that can limit implantological rehabilitation options and compromise the esthetic outcome. Surgical techniques to reduce remodeling are of restricted predictability and commonly require several surgical interventions and grafting. This increases the treatment cost and places a physical and psychological strain on the patient. This clinical case report presents a replacement of an upper canine using the socket‐shield technique (SST) with a CAD/CAM surgical guide, resulting in a predictable, high esthetic, and functional result.Clinical considerationsThe SST is an alternative approach to curbing remodeling and resorption by retaining the facial part of the root during tooth extraction. An immediately placed implant supports the facial root fragment, preventing the collapse of the buccal wall. The SST with digital precision planning in combination with a CAD/CAM surgical guide benefits patients by preserving their tissue architecture and causing only insignificant trauma. Furthermore, the SST reduces the number of surgical and prosthetic interventions required to one each for pre‐operative planning, surgical procedures, and prosthetic rehabilitation.ConclusionsThe socket shield technique is a minimally invasive implantological approach offers patients and clinicians multiple benefits.Clinical SignificanceThe socket‐shield technique (SST) represents an alternative approach to intervene remodeling and resorption processes by the maintenance of the facial part of the root during tooth extraction. The immediate placement of an implant supports the facial root fragment and thereby prevents a collapse of the buccal wall. The SST associated with a CAD/CAM fabricated surgical guide, can reduce the amount of appointments, due to the immediate fabrication of the definitive restoration with the existing model. Therefore, no further necessary appointments are required apart from first pre‐operative planning, second for surgical treatment, and third for prosthetic rehabilitation. (J Esthet Restor Dent 29:93–101, 2017)
Oral health‐related quality of life in patients with non‐metal clasp dentures: a randomised cross‐over trial
Authors: Fueki K. , Yoshida‐Kohno E. , Wakabayashi N. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryWe investigated the efficacy of non‐metal clasp dentures (NMCDs) with regard to the oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) and compare the findings with those for conventional metal clasp‐retained dentures (MCDs). This single‐centre, randomised controlled, two‐phase, open label, cross‐over trial included 28 partially dentate individuals. The patients were randomised to receive MCDs followed by NMCDs, or the opposite sequence (n = 14 in each group); each denture was worn for 3 months. OHRQoL was evaluated using the Oral Health Impact Profile‐Japanese version (OHIP‐J) at entry (T‐entry; before treatment with the first denture) and at 3 months after treatment with each denture (T3). An examiner evaluated denture stability, oral appearance and surface roughness before denture delivery (T0) and at T3 and denture hygiene at T3. A total of 24 patients completed the trial. There were no complications related to the dentures, abutment teeth or denture‐bearing mucosa during the follow‐up periods for both dentures. The mean OHIP summary score was lower for NMCDs than for MCDs, and the difference (9 points) was greater than the minimal important difference (6 points), indicating the difference was clinically relevant. The effect size was medium (0·70). Statistical analyses with linear mixed models found a significant effect of the denture type on the OHIP summary score and scores for the Oro‐facial appearance, Oro‐facial pain and Psychological impact domains (NMCD < MCD; P < 0·05). The results of our study suggest that NMCDs allow for better OHRQoL compared with MCDs.