bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The lichen secondary metabolite atranorin suppresses lung cancer cell motility and tumorigenesis
Authors: Zhou Rui , Yang Yi , Park So-Yeon , Nguyen Thanh Thi , Seo Young-Woo , Lee Kyung Hwa , Lee Jae Hyuk , Kim Kyung Keun , Hur Jae-Seoun , Kim Hangun 
Published: August 2017

AbstractLichens are symbiotic organisms that produce various secondary metabolites. Here, different lichen extracts were examined to identify secondary metabolites with anti-migratory activity against human lung cancer cells. Everniastrum vexans had the most potent inhibitory activity, and atranorin was identified as an active subcomponent of this extract. Atranorin suppressed β-catenin-mediated TOPFLASH activity by inhibiting the nuclear import of β-catenin and downregulating β-catenin/LEF and c-jun/AP-1 downstream target genes such as CD44, cyclin-D1 and c-myc. Atranorin decreased KAI1 C-terminal interacting tetraspanin (KITENIN)-mediated AP-1 activity and the activity of the KITENIN 3′-untranslated region. The nuclear distribution of the AP-1 transcriptional factor, including c-jun and c-fos, was suppressed in atranorin-treated cells, and atranorin inhibited the activity of Rho GTPases including Rac1, Cdc42, and RhoA, whereas it had no effect on epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers. STAT-luciferase activity and nuclear STAT levels were decreased, whereas total STAT levels were moderately reduced. The human cell motility and lung cancer RT² Profiler PCR Arrays identified additional atranorin target genes. Atranorin significantly inhibited tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our results indicated that E. vexans and its subcomponent atranorin may inhibit lung cancer cell motility and tumorigenesis by affecting AP-1, Wnt, and STAT signaling and suppressing RhoGTPase activity.
Separating Vegetation Greening and Climate Change Controls on Evapotranspiration trend over the Loess Plateau
Authors: Jin Zhao , Liang Wei , Yang Yuting , Zhang Weibin , Yan Jianwu , Chen Xuejuan , Li Sha , Mo Xingguo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractEvapotranspiration (ET) is a key ecological process connecting the soil-vegetation-atmosphere system, and its changes seriously affects the regional distribution of available water resources, especially in the arid and semiarid regions. With the Grain-for-Green project implemented in the Loess Plateau (LP) since 1999, water and heat distribution across the region have experienced great changes. Here, we investigate the changes and associated driving forces of ET in the LP from 2000 to 2012 using a remote sensing-based evapotranspiration model. Results show that annual ET significantly increased by 3.4 mm per year (p = 0.05) with large interannual fluctuations during the study period. This trend is higher than coincident increases in precipitation (2.0 mm yr−2), implying a possible pressure of water availability. The correlation analysis showed that vegetation change is the major controlling factor on interannual variability of annual ET with ~52.8% of pixels scattered in the strip region from the northeastern to southwestern parts of the LP. Further factorial analysis suggested that vegetation greening is the primary driver of the rises of ET over the study period relative to climate change. Our study can provide an improved understanding of the effects of vegetation and climate change on terrestrial ecosystem ET in the LP.
Assessment of the role of ageing and non-ageing factors in death from non-communicable diseases based on a cumulative frequency model
Authors: Hui Liu 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTo quantify the effects of ageing and non-ageing factors, a characterization of the effects of ageing, genetic, and exogenous variables on 12 major non-communicable diseases was evaluated using a model assessing cumulative frequency of death and survival by age group from dead and surviving populations based on mortality statistics. Indices (0–1) of the roles of ageing (ARD), genetics (GRD) and exogenous (ERD) variables in deaths due to disease were established, and the sum of ARD, GRD and ERD was 1 (value of each indices was <1). Results showed that ageing plays an important role in death from chronic disease; exogenous factors may contribute more to the pattern of chronic disease than genetic factors (ARD, GRC and ERD were 0.818, 0.058 and 0.124 respectively for all non-communicable diseases). In descending order, ERD for non-communicable diseases were breast cancer, leukaemia, cancer of the cervix uteri and uterus, liver cancer, nephritis and nephropathy, stomach cancer, lung cancer, diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, coronary heart disease, COPD, and Alzheimer’s disease, while a smaller ERD indicated a tendency of natural death. An understanding of the aforementioned complex relationships of specific non-communicable diseases will be beneficial in designing primary prevention measures for non-communicable diseases in China.
Characterization of the Mollusc RIG-I/MAVS Pathway Reveals an Archaic Antiviral Signalling Framework in Invertebrates
Authors: Huang Baoyu , Zhang Linlin , Du Yishuai , Xu Fei , Li Li , Zhang Guofan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDespite the mitochondrial antiviral signalling protein (MAVS)-dependent RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) signalling pathway in the cytosol plays an indispensable role in the antiviral immunity of the host, surprising little is known in invertebrates. Here we characterized the major members of RLR pathway and investigated their signal transduction a Molluscs. We show that genes involved in RLR pathway were significantly induced during virus challenge, including CgRIG-I-1, CgMAVS, CgTRAF6 (TNF receptor-associated factor 6), and CgIRFs (interferon regulatory factors. Similar to human RIG-I, oyster RIG-I-1 could bind poly(I:C) directly in vitro and interact with oyster MAVS via its caspase activation and recruitment domains. We also show that transmembrane domain-dependent self-association of CgMAVS may be crucial for its signalling and that CgMAVS can recruit the downstream signalling molecule, TRAF6, which can subsequently activate NF-κB signal pathway. Moreover, oyster IRFs appeared to function downstream of CgMAVS and were able to activate the interferon β promoter and interferon stimulated response elements in mammalian cells. These results establish invertebrate MAVS-dependent RLR signalling for the first time and would be helpful for deciphering the antiviral mechanisms of invertebrates and understanding the development of the vertebrate RLR network.
Bacterial diversity among four healthcare-associated institutes in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Chang-Hua , Lin Yaw-Ling , Chen Kuan-Hsueh , Chen Wen-Pei , Chen Zhao-Feng , Kuo Han-Yueh , Hung Hsueh-Fen , Tang Chuan Yi , Liou Ming-Li 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIndoor microbial communities have important implications for human health, especially in health-care institutes (HCIs). The factors that determine the diversity and composition of microbiomes in a built environment remain unclear. Herein, we used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to investigate the relationships between building attributes and surface bacterial communities among four HCIs located in three buildings. We examined the surface bacterial communities and environmental parameters in the buildings supplied with different ventilation types and compared the results using a Dirichlet multinomial mixture (DMM)-based approach. A total of 203 samples from the four HCIs were analyzed. Four bacterial communities were grouped using the DMM-based approach, which were highly similar to those in the 4 HCIs. The α-diversity and β-diversity in the naturally ventilated building were different from the conditioner-ventilated building. The bacterial source composition varied across each building. Nine genera were found as the core microbiota shared by all the areas, of which Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, and Staphylococcus are regarded as healthcare-associated pathogens (HAPs). The observed relationship between environmental parameters such as core microbiota and surface bacterial diversity suggests that we might manage indoor environments by creating new sanitation protocols, adjusting the ventilation design, and further understanding the transmission routes of HAPs.
CXCL12 enhances angiogenesis through CXCR7 activation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Authors: Zhang Min , Qiu Lisha , Zhang Yanyan , Xu Dongsheng , Zheng Jialin C. , Jiang Li 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAngiogenesis is the process by which new vessels form from existing vascular networks. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) may contribute to the study of vascular repair and angiogenesis. The chemokine CXCL12 regulates multiple cell functions, including angiogenesis, mainly through its receptor CXCR4. In contrast to CXCL12/CXCR4, few studies have described roles for CXCR7 in vascular biology, and the downstream mechanism of CXCR7 in angiogenesis remains unclear. The results of the present study showed that CXCL12 dose-dependently enhanced angiogenesis in chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs) and HUVECs. The specific activation of CXCR7 with TC14012 (a CXCR7 agonist) resulted in the significant induction of tube formation in HUVECs and in vivo. Further evidence suggested that CXCL12 induced directional polarization and migration in the HUVECs, which is necessary for tube formation. Moreover, CXCR7 translocalization was observed during the polarization of HUVECs in stripe assays. Finally, treatment with TC14012 also significantly increased PI3K/Akt phosphorylation, and tube formation was blocked by treating HUVECs with an Akt inhibitor. Overall, this study indicated that CXCL12-stimulated CXCR7 acts as a functional receptor to activate Akt for angiogenesis in HUVECs and that CXCR7 may be a potential target molecule for endothelial regeneration and repair after vascular injury.
Coenzyme Q10 Improves Lipid Metabolism and Ameliorates Obesity by Regulating CaMKII-Mediated PDE4 Inhibition
Authors: Xu Zhe , Huo Jia , Ding Xin , Yang Mu , Li Lin , Dai Jian , Hosoe Kazunori , Kubo Hiroshi , Mori Masayuki , Higuchi Keiichi , Sawashita Jinko 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOur recent studies revealed that supplementation with the reduced form of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10H2) inhibits oxidative stress and slows the process of aging in senescence-accelerated mice. CoQ10H2 inhibits adipocyte differentiation and regulates lipid metabolism. In the present study, we show that dietary supplementation with CoQ10H2 significantly reduced white adipose tissue content and improved the function of brown adipose tissue by regulating expression of lipid metabolism-related factors in KKAy mice, a model of obesity and type 2 diabetes. In the liver, CoQ10H2 reduced cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels and consequently inhibited the phosphorylation of CaMKII. CoQ10H2 also regulated the activity of the transcription factor C-FOS and inhibited gene expression of PDE4, a cAMP-degrading enzyme, via the CaMKII-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling pathway, thereby increasing intracellular cAMP. This increased cAMP activated AMPK, enhanced oxidative decomposition of lipids, and inhibited de novo synthesis of fatty acids, inhibiting the development and progression of obesity and type 2 diabetes. These results suggest that CoQ10H2 supplementation may be useful as a treatment for metabolic disorders associated with obesity.
Total Ear Reconstruction Using Porous Polyethylene
Authors: Ali Kausar , Trost Jeffrey , Truong Tuan , Harshbarger Raymond 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTotal ear reconstruction has been approached by several techniques involving autologous graft, prosthetic implant, and alloplastic implant options. Recent studies have shown the superiority of porous polyethylene (Medpor, Porex Surgical) reconstruction over autologous reconstruction based on improved aesthetic results, earlier age of intervention, shorter surgery times, fewer number of required procedures, and a simpler postoperative recovery process. A durable and permanent option for total ear reconstruction, like Medpor, can help alleviate the cosmetic concerns that patients with auricular deformities may be burdened with on a daily basis. In this article, the authors discuss the advantages of Medpor-based ear reconstruction and discuss recent advances in the surgical techniques involved, such as harvesting a temporoparietal fascia flap and full-thickness skin graft to adequately cover the Medpor framework and decrease extrusion rates.
Normal Head Shape Parameters in the First 2 Years of Life and Effect of Helmet Therapy
Authors: Kaps Kerstin , Tabak Darko , Bierther Uta , Wilbrand Martina , Neubauer Bernd , Pons-Kuehnemann Joern , Howaldt Hans-Peter , Hahn Andreas , Wilbrand Jan-Falco 
Published: August 2017

Objective The treatment of a positional head deformity in infancy is a controversial issue. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of helmet therapy on positional plagiocephaly and brachycephaly.
Patients and Methods We determined cranial vault shape parameters in 348 healthy children during the second year of life, combined them with preexisting data from more than 400 subjects younger than 12 months, and related retrospectively the data of 1,531 children obtained before and after treatment with individual molding helmets to these newly generated normative values.
Results The number of subjects with cranial vault asymmetry values > 97th percentile decreased by 85.5% from 1,361 before to 197 (p < 0.01) after helmet therapy, while the number of individuals with cranial vault asymmetry index values > 97th percentile declined by 87.7% from 1,353 to 167 (p < 0.01). Similarly, the number of infants with cranial index values > 97th percentile diminished by 66.8% from 885 to 294 (p < 0.01).
Conclusions These findings do not finally prove, but they support the idea that helmet treatment is effective and meaningful in preventing permanent head deformities in infants with severe deformation. The normative anthropometric data generated in this study will allow investigating the natural course and effects of various therapies on infant cranial shape objectively.
Landowner behavior can determine the success of conservation strategies for ecosystem migration under sea-level rise
Authors: Field Christopher R. , Dayer Ashley A. , Elphick Chris S. 
Published: August 2017

SignificanceKey questions remain about the role of social factors, especially the behavior of private landowners, in determining the outcome of strategies for conservation under climate change. We surveyed the behavioral intentions of coastal landowners in the northeast United States, where extreme sea-level rise threatens tidal marsh persistence unless private landowners allow landward marsh migration. Our results identify (i) conservation strategies currently being implemented that may not have enough support among target populations to mitigate losses from sea-level rise, and (ii) beliefs and attitudes that may be effective targets for outreach aimed at increasing participation in these strategies. The importance of these social factors as constraints on marsh migration highlights the need for wider integration into planning for coastal adaptation.
English news discourse from newsbooks to new media
Authors: Ratia Maura , Palander-Collin Minna , Taavitsainen Irma 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
This chapter discusses the long diachrony of English news discourse from seventeenth-century newsbooks to the twentieth century and the dawn of multimedia. We shall place news discourse in its context of sociocultural developments considering what might be diachronically constant and what prone to change. The data available for studies on news discourse as well as the potential for interdisciplinary study methods at various interfaces will be highlighted between sociolinguistics, journalism, semiotics, literary theory, critical discourse analysis, pragmatics and sociology.
Lexical bundles in news discourse 1784–1983
Authors: Wang Ying 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
This paper aims to identify and trace the development of four-word lexical bundles characterising news discourse, using a corpus of news articles published in The Times of London between 1784 and 1983. In terms of frequency, there has been an increase until the end of the nineteenth century, followed then by a continual decrease. The explanations take into account the sociohistorical background of early newspapers, including improved technology, increased literacy and journalist movements, which in turn may have resulted in changes in news discourse. At the same time, we can see recurrent structural patterns and functions of such bundles over the two centuries, suggesting a high degree of stability underlying the use of lexical bundles, and by extension, news discourse itself.
Astride two worlds
Authors: Ryan John M. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
This paper explores the emergence of Italian-American identity and its correlation with changes in format, content, and language over the course of the first five decades of the twentieth century in La Gazzetta del Massachusetts (The Massachusetts Gazette), a weekly newspaper published in Boston, but intended for the Greater New England Italian community. A representative longitudinal sample of 528 equally-spaced issues between 1903 and 1949 reveals patterns that are suggestive of an evolving population and an ethnic community’s changing attitudes toward its ancestral culture and relationship with its homeland. Findings relate to prior work in the areas of the Italian immigrant language press, sociology, cultural assimilation and preservation, as well as studies of identity construction through language.
Participation in decision-making processes of community development agents: a study from Peru
Authors: Quiroz-Niño Catalina , Blanco-Encomienda Francisco J 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
This article argues that although Civil Social Organizations aspire towards a culture of participatory process-driven governance and management, the reality seems far from this aspiration. A culture of participatory processes is understood in this study as working and decisional engagement practices which are part of internal decision-making and action-taking processes from Community Development Agents (CDAs). This brings an ethical dilemma, as these organizations claim to operate upon principles of participation, solidarity, democracy, social justice, human dignity and decent work. Through this study, 506 Peruvian CDAs offered their own analyses about the factors that foster and/or inhibit their participation in specific organizational managerial and professional developmental areas, such as: systemic planning, organization, sustainable management and empowerment. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methodologies was used to gain a comprehensive understanding of the field of study. Dialogical focus groups were applied, by which CDAs themselves identified and deconstructed the inhibiting and facilitating factors. The study echoes CDAs’ aspiration to engage meaningfully with decision-making and action-taking processes as well as creating the participatory mechanisms and processes themselves. In order to do this, CDAs demand an ethical and democratic competence-based training, to empower them to democratize their organizational structures and to counterbalance their daily power relations and dynamics.
Undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus in Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Jensen Andreas Vestergaard , Faurholt-Jepsen Daniel , Egelund Gertrud Baunbæk , Andersen Stine Bang , Petersen Pelle Trier , Benfield Thomas , Witzenrath Martin , Rohde Gernot , Ravn Pernille ,   for the German Community-Acquired Pneumonia Competence Network (CAPNETZ), Dreher M , Cornelissen C , Knüppel W , Stolz D , Suttorp N , Creutz P , Bauer T , Sabha T , Pankow W , Lies A , Thiemig D , Hauptmeier B , Ewig S , Wehde D , Prediger M , Schmager S , Höffken G , Kolditz M , Schulte-Hubbert B , Langner S , Welte T , Barten G , Abrahamczik M , Naim J , Kröner W , Illig T , Klopp N , Kroegel C , Pletz M , Happe J , Frosinski J , Winning J , Moeser A , Dalhoff K , Dageförde K , Franzen K , Hyzy F , Schmieg H , Parschke P , Thiemann P , Ahrens J , Hardel T , Drijkoningen J , Buschmann H , Kröning R , Schütte H , Schaberg T , Hering I , Kropf-Sanchen C , Illmann T , Wallner M , Burghuber O , Rainer G 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes mellitus is an important risk factor for community-acquired pneumonia, whereas the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and prediabetes in patients with community-acquired pneumonia is largely unknown. We aimed to determine the prevalence of prediabetes, undiagnosed diabetes mellitus, and risk factors associated with undiagnosed diabetes mellitus in a large European community-acquired pneumonia cohort.MethodsThis was a multicenter prospective cohort study of hospitals and private practices in Germany and Austria encompassing 1961 adults with community-acquired pneumonia included in the German Community-Acquired Pneumonia Competence Network (CAPNETZ) study between 2007 and 2014. The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and prediabetes was estimated based on hemoglobin A1c measurements. Logistic regression was used to assess risk factors for undiagnosed diabetes mellitus.ResultsFifteen percent of patients had known diabetes mellitus. Among patients without known diabetes mellitus, 5.0% had undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and 37.5% had prediabetes. Male sex (odds ratio [OR], 2.45 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.35–4.45]), body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 (OR, 2.64 [95% CI, 1.48–4.72]), and hyperglycemia at admission (6–11 mM: OR, 2.93 [95% CI, 1.54–5.60] and ≥11 mM: OR, 44.76 [95% CI, 17.58–113.98]) were associated with undiagnosed diabetes mellitus. Patients with undiagnosed diabetes mellitus had a higher 180-day mortality rate compared to patients without diabetes mellitus (12.1% vs 3.8%, respectively; P = .001).ConclusionsUndiagnosed diabetes mellitus was prevalent among community-acquired pneumonia. Male sex, overweight, and hyperglycemia at admission were associated with undiagnosed diabetes mellitus. The long-term mortality among patients with undiagnosed diabetes mellitus was high compared to patients without diabetes mellitus.
The Corticospinal Reserve Capacity: Reorganization of Motor Area and Excitability As a Novel Pathophysiological Concept in Cervical Myelopathy
Authors: Zdunczyk Anna , Schwarzer Vera , Mikhailov Michael , Bagley Brendon , Rosenstock Tizian , Picht Thomas , Vajkoczy Peter 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
In degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM), the dynamics of disease progression and the outcome after surgical decompression vary interindividually and do not necessarily correlate with radiological findings.

OBJECTIVE
To improve diagnostic power in DCM by better characterization of the underlying pathophysiology using navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS).

METHODS
Eighteen patients with DCM due to cervical spinal canal stenosis were examined preoperatively with nTMS. On the basis of the initial Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) Score, 2 patient groups were established (JOA ≤12/>12). We determined the resting motor threshold, recruitment curve, cortical silent period, and motor area. Accordingly, 8 healthy subjects were examined.

RESULTS
Although the resting motor threshold was comparable in both groups (P = .578), the corticospinal excitability estimated by the recruitment curve was reduced in patients (P = .022). In patients with only mild symptoms (JOA > 12), a compensatory higher activation of non-primary motor areas was detected (P < .005). In contrast, patients with severe impairment (JOA ≤ 12) showed a higher cortical inhibition (P < .05) and reduced cortical motor area (P < .05) revealing a functional restriction on the cortical level.

CONCLUSION
Based on these results, we propose a new concept for functional compensation for DCM on the cortical and spinal level, ie corticospinal reserve capacity. nTMS is a useful tool to noninvasively characterize the pattern of functional impairment and compensatory reorganization in patients suffering from DCM. The change in nTMS parameters might serve as a valuable prognostic factor in these patients in the future.