bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single‐Atom Ti Decorated Carbon Black and Carbon Nanotubes: Modular Dual‐Carbon Electrode for Optimizing the Charge Transport Kinetics of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Cheng Jiashuo , Ma Hongru , Shi Yanying , Liu Lida , Shang Wenzhe , Liu Wei , Li Siao , Li Wenrui , Wang Yudi , Shi Yantao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn the landscape of photovoltaic research, carbon‐based perovskite solar cells (C‐PSCs) have attracted widespread attention due to their outstanding stability. However, compared to metal‐based PSCs, their power conversion efficiency (PCE) lags markedly behind. The key lies in two primary factors: First, the inefficiency of the carbon electrode in transporting and collecting carriers; second, the energy level mismatch with adjacent functional layers. These problems increase both the charge transport resistance and the charge injection barriers, thereby diminishing the overall efficiency of the device. In this study, an effective strategy is presented to tackle this issue by developing modular C‐PSCs that utilize dual carbon electrodes and implement multiscale modulation. This approach specifically focuses on three crucial aspects: establishing a highly conductive network, ensuring sufficient interfacial contact, and achieving well‐matched energy band alignment. By synergistically incorporating 0D carbon black (CB) and 1D carbon nanotube (CNT) into dual carbon electrodes, a resilient conductive network with enhanced interfacial contact is established, creating favorable conditions for efficient carrier transfer. Additionally, the energy level structure of CB is meticulously adjusted at the molecular scale by introducing individually adsorbed titanium (Ti) atoms, effectively addressing the energy level mismatch with the hole transport layer (spiro‐OMeTAD), and notably reducing the charge injection barrier at the interface. Based on the above strategy, the PCE of the C‐PSCs has undergone a remarkable enhancement from 15.27% to 22.45%. Moreover, the device shows excellent stability, with its PCE retaining over 95% of the initial value even after 1000 h of continuous operation under one‐sun intensity.
Wavelength‐Selective Near‐Infrared Organic Upconversion Detectors for Miniaturized Light Detection and Visualization
Authors: Li Ning , Hu Xin , Lu Ying , Li Yiwei , Ren Mingyang , Luo Xi , Ji Yifan , Chen Qian , Sui Xiubao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUpconversion detectors monolithically combining a detection unit and a light emitting unit, enables light detection and visualization in a compact structure, promising great advances in miniaturized multifunctional optoelectronics. The detection range of upconversion detectors usually covers a broadband spectrum, limiting their use in spectroscopic fields. This work investigates two wavelength‐selective upconversion detectors made with organic semiconductors to realize narrowband near‐infrared (NIR) light detection and visualization dual function. Two non‐fullerene‐based NIR‐sensitive bulk‐heterojunctions (BHJs) are exploited to make wavelength‐selective upconversion detectors, achieving peak sensitivity at 860 and 890 nm, with full width at half maximum of 125 and 170 nm, respectively. Each NIR‐sensitive BHJ comprises a donor polymer and a non‐fullerene acceptor, both of which are selectively sensitive to NIR light. The cumulative analysis of the optical properties of the absorber and current–voltage characteristics of the device indicates that the wavelength selectivity stems mainly from the wavelength‐dependent absorption. In particular, the upconversion detectors exhibit wavelength‐selective electronic and optical dual‐readouts, which are appealing for miniaturized spectroscopic applications, including health monitoring, optical communication, and microbead imaging, paving the way for practical applications.
Surface Reconstruction of Perovskites with Organosilanes for High Performance and Highly Stable Solar Cells
Authors: Soliman Ahmed I. A. , Zhang Yiqing , Zhang Lin , Wu Haotian , Shan Shiqi , Zhou Yu , Xu Chang , Fu Weifei , Chen Hongzheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSurface or interface engineering is one of the most effective strategies to improve the device performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), owing to the fact that the defects are mainly located at the surface. Organosilanes are among the most promising surface modifiers due to their unique cross‐linking ability, which makes a robust layer to further protect the underneath perovskites. However, the influence of tail functional groups of organosilanes on the device performance and stability has never been systematically investigated. Herein, a series of organosilanes with different chain lengths, fluorination, and different interactions toward perovskite are applied to modify the perovskite. Tail functional groups that show passivation ability toward perovskite are demonstrated to effectively reduce trap densities and thus improve the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), while the fluorinated functional groups are beneficial for high stability. Finally, PSCs based on 3,3,3‐trifluoropropyltrimethoxysilane (FPTMS) modification showed a high PCE of 23.0% with the best operational stability. The encapsulated device maintained 85% of the initial PCE after 1725 h under continuous 1 sun equivalent illumination in air. The work may provide important insights into designing modifiers for high‐performance PSCs with high stability.
Managing Crystallization and Phase Distribution via 2D Perovskite Seed Crystals for 2D‐3D Tin‐based Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Du Fenqi , Gu Hao , Jiang Wenye , Yang Wenhan , Lin Yuexin , Zhu Wenjing , Qin Xin , Xie Xianqiang , Bu Laju , Liu Xiaolong , Yang Shengchun , Liang Chao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractVarious popular large organic cations have been extensively used as the essential additives in the perovskite precursor solution due to their satisfactory passivation effect but may produce the low‐n value (n ≤ 2) 2D perovskite phases with undesired distribution. Meanwhile, the remaining easy oxidation of Sn2+ and the p‐type self‐doping in the perovskites are also detrimental to the ultimate photovoltaic properties and stability of tin (Sn)‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, 3AMPYSnI4 crystals (3AMPY = 3‐(aminomethyl)pyridinium)) are designed and applied to adjust the crystallization process and the phase distribution of the Sn‐based perovskite. Consequently, the strong coordination interaction between 3AMPY2+ and 3D perovskite components and the introduced nucleation sites by 3AMPYSnI4 crystals not only decreases the low‐n value 2D phase and increases 3D perovskite phase, but also inhibits the oxidation of Sn2+ and the self‐p‐doping in the Sn‐based perovskites, resulting in lower trap density and non‐radiative recombination loss, faster carrier extraction and transfer, and higher stability for 2D‐3D Sn‐based PSCs. As a result, the optimized devices deliver an increased power conversion efficiency from an initial 10.91% to 13.28% and retain 96.0% of their original performance for more than 3000 h in the nitrogen (N2) atmosphere.
Electric Field Regulator Constructed by Magnetron Sputtering for Dendrite‐Free and Stable Zinc Metal Anode
Authors: Sun Mengxuan , Cheng Qi , Ren Xiaohe , Wang Nengze , Hu Lei , Gan Ziwei , Xiang Yong , Yan Zongkai , Jia Chunyang , Li Zhijie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRechargeable aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) are considered to be one of the most promising devices in the next generation of energy storage systems. However, the uncontrolled growth of Zn dendrites during electroplating leads to rapid battery failure, which hinders the wide application of AZIBs. In this work, an Fe metal interface (FMI) with electric field regulation is designed on the Zn metal anode using a magnetron sputtering technology. The FMI layer with nanosheet array not only uniforms the surface electric field, but also adjusts the surface Zn2+ ion distribution to inhibit 2D diffusion. The strong orientation relationships of the FMI layer enhance the reversibility of Zn plating/stripping, improving the structural stability of the interface layer. Consequently, FMI@Zn symmetric cell exhibits ultra‐stable lifespan for over 6000 h (Cumulative plated capacity, CPC = 15 Ah cm−2) with a low voltage hysteresis of 46.4 mV and high Coulombic efficiency of 99.8% at 5 mA cm−2. Even at the large current density of 40 mA cm−2, the CPC reaches 19.7 Ah cm−2. The proposed electric field regulation strategy reveals a promising prospect for designing highly stable Zn anode, which also applies to other metal anodes in energy storage systems.
Tailoring the Gating Effect of Organic Cage via a Porous Liquid Approach
Authors: Li Errui , Ganesan Arvind , Qiu Liqi , Liu Hongjun , Ivanov Alexander S. , He Lilin , Nalaoh Phattananawee , Jenkins David M. , Wang Tao , Kim Ellie , Jiang De‐en , Mahurin Shannon M. , Yang Zhenzhen , Dai Sheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPorous liquids (PLs) represent a new frontier in material design combining the merits of solid porous host and liquid phase in gas separation and catalysis. Herein, the PL construction approach is harnessed to tailor the gating effect of organic cages toward enhanced gas separation. A type‐II fluorinated PL (F‐PL) is developed via liquifying a fluorinated organic cage (F‐cage) by a fluorinated ionic liquid (F‐IL). The F‐cage is featured by a small window size (≈5.1 Å), high surface area, good stability under highly ionic conditions, and abundant fluorine moieties. The F‐IL possesses high steric hindrance (bulky cation) and structure similarity with the F‐cage (fluorinated alkyl chain in the anion). The existing status structure integrity of F‐cage in F‐IL upon F‐PL formation is illustrated via spectroscopy and X‐ray‐based techniques. The existence of rigid voids in F‐PL is illustrated by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) and the improved gas uptake capacity than F‐IL via pressure‐swing CO2 uptake isotherms (0−40) bar. The comparison of the gas uptake behavior (CO2, N2, CH4, and Xe) of F‐PL and F‐cage, combining the computational simulation, highlights that the PL construction can be leveraged to tune the window size of porous scaffolds, leading to enhanced gas selectivity.
Nanomaterials: Recent Advances in Knee Osteoarthritis Treatment
Authors: Peng Yufeng , Wang Ying , Bai Ru , Shi Kejian , Zhou Huige , Chen Chunying 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is the most prevalent degenerative joint condition that places a substantial financial and medical burden on society. However, due to drawbacks such as inefficiency, adverse effects, and brief duration of action, the clinical efficacy of the current major therapies for knee OA is largely restricted. Therefore, novel medication development is highly required to address these issues. Numerous studies in recent years have established that nanomaterials can be a potential and highly effective way to overcome these challenges. In this review, the anatomical distinctions between healthy and OA knee joints, as well as novel advances in the field of nanomaterials for the treatment of knee OA are summarized. The limits of the present therapeutic strategies for treating knee OA are also highlighted, as well as the potential prospects of nanomaterials in the future.
Ions‐induced Assembly of Perovskite Nanocomposites for Highly Efficient Light‐Emitting Diodes with EQE Exceeding 30%
Authors: Xing Zhaohui , Jin Guangrong , Du Qing , Pang Peiyuan , Liu Tanghao , Shen Yang , Zhang Dengliang , Yu Bufan , Liang Yue , Yang Dezhi , Tang Jianxin , Wang Lei , Xing Guichuan , Chen Jiangshan , Ma Dongge 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMetal halide perovskites, a cost‐effective class of semiconductos, hold great promise for display technologies that demand high‐efficiency, color‐pure light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). Early research on three‐dimensional (3D) perovskites showed low radiative efficiencies due to modest exciton binding energies. To inprove luminescence, reducing dimensionality or grain size has been a common approach. However, dividing the perovskite lattice into smaller units may hinder carrier transport, compromising electrical performance. Moreover, the increased surface area introduce additional surface trap states, leading to greater non‐radiative recombination. Here, an ions‐induced growth method is employed to assembe lattice‐anchored perovskite nanocomposites for efficient LEDs with high color purity. This approach enables the nanocomposite thin films, composed of 3D CsPbBr3 and its variant of zero‐dimensional (0D) Cs4PbBr6, to feature significant low trap‐assisted nonradiative recombination, enhanced light out‐coupling with a corrugated surface, and well‐balanced charge carrier transport. Based on the resultant 3D/0D perovskite nanocomposites, the perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs) achieving an remarkable external quantum efficiency of 31.0% at the emission peak of 521 nm with a narrow full width at half‐maximum of only 18 nm. This sets a new benchmark for color purity in high performance PeLED research, highlighting the significant advantage of this approach.
Flexible Neural Interface From Non‐Transient Silk Fibroin With Outstanding Conformality, Biocompatibility, and Bioelectric Conductivity
Authors: Hu Zhanao , Liang Yuqing , Fan Suna , Niu Qianqian , Geng Jingjing , Huang Qimei , Hsiao Benjamin S. , Chen Hao , Yao Xiang , Zhang Yaopeng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSilk fibroin (SF) with good biocompatibility can enable an efficient and safe implementation of neural interfaces. However, it has been difficult to achieve a robust integration of patterned conducting materials (multichannel electrodes) on flexible SF film substrates due to the absence of some enduring interactions. In this study, a thermo‐assisted pattern‐transfer technique is demonstrated that can facilely transfer a layer of pre‐set poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) onto the flexible SF substrate through an interpenetrating network of 2 polymer chains, achieving a desired substrate/conductor intertwined interface with good flexibility (≈33 MPa), conductivity (386 S cm−1) and stability in liquid state over 4 months simultaneously. Importantly, this technique can be combined with ink‐jet printing to prepare a multichannel SF‐based neural interface for the electrocorticogram (ECoG) recording and inflammation remission in rat models. The SF‐based neural interface with satisfied tissue conformability, biocompatibility, and bioelectric conductivity is a promising ECoG acquisition tool, where the demonstrated approach can also be useful to develop other SF‐based flexible bioelectronics.
Programming Hydrogen Bonds for Reversible Elastic‐Plastic Phase Transition in a Conductive Stretchable Hydrogel Actuator with Rapid Ultra‐High‐Density Energy Conversion and Multiple Sensory Properties
Authors: Guo Ping , Zhang Zhaoxin , Qian Chengnan , Wang Ruofei , Cheng Lin , Tian Ye , Wu Huaping , Zhu Shuze , Liu Aiping 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSmart hydrogels have recently garnered significant attention in the fields of actuators, human‐machine interaction, and soft robotics. However, when constructing large‐scale actuated systems, they usually exhibit limited actuation forces (≈2 kPa) and actuation speeds. Drawing inspiration from hairspring energy conversion mechanism, an elasticity‐plasticity‐controllable composite hydrogel (PCTA) with robust contraction capabilities is developed. By precisely manipulating intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen‐bonding interactions, the material's elasticity and plasticity can be programmed to facilitate efficient energy storage and release. The proposed mechanism enables rapid generation of high contraction forces (900 kPa) at ultra‐high working densities (0.96 MJ m−3). Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that modifications in the number and nature of hydrogen bonds lead to a distinct elastic‐plastic transition in hydrogels. Furthermore, the conductive PCTA hydrogel exhibits multimodal sensing capabilities including stretchable strain sensing with a wide sensing range (1–200%), fast response time (180 ms), and excellent linearity of the output signal. Moreover, it demonstrates exceptional temperature and humidity sensing capabilities with high detection accuracy. The strong actuation power and real‐time sensory feedback from the composite hydrogels are expected to inspire novel flexible driving materials and intelligent sensing systems.
Spatial Control of Nickel Vacancies in Colloidal NiMgO Nanocrystals for Efficient and Stable All‐inorganic Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Jung Woon Ho , Kim Byong Jae , Choi Mahnmin , Lee Hyeonjun , Cho Hyunjin , Kwon Yong Woo , Choi Yeongho , Lee Hyo Geun , Yoon Jinha , Lee Keeyong , Oh Sang Ho , Cho Seong‐Yong , Lee Doh C. , Jeong Sohee , Lim Jaehoon 
Published: September 2024

AbstractColloidal quantum dot (QD)–based light‐emitting diodes (QD‐LEDs) have reached the pinnacle of quantum efficiency and are now being actively developed for next‐generation displays and brighter light sources. Previous research has suggested utilizing inorganic hole‐transport layers (HTLs) to explore brighter and more stable QD‐LEDs. However, the performance metrics of such QD‐LEDs with inorganic HTLs generally lag behind those of organic‐inorganic hybrid QD‐LEDs employing organic HTLs. In this study, colloidal NiMgO nanocrystals (NCs) with spatially controlled Mg are introduced as HTLs for realizing efficient and stable all‐inorganic QD‐LEDs. During the co‐condensation of Ni and Mg precursors to produce valence band‐lowered NiMgO NCs, incorporating ≈2% Mg into the NiO lattice creates additional Ni vacancies (VNi) within and on the NCs, influencing the hole concentration and mobility of the NiMgO NC films. Passivating the VNi exposed on the surface with magnesium hydroxide allows for tuning the electrical properties of the NiMgO NCs relative to those of an electron transport layer, allowing for a balanced charge supply and suppressed negative charging of the QDs. Optimized all‐inorganic QD‐LEDs employing NiMgO NCs achieved a peak external quantum efficiency of 16.4%, peak luminance of 269 455 cd m⁻2, and a half‐life of 462 690 h at 100 nit.
Single Atom Engineered Antibiotics Overcome Bacterial Resistance
Authors: Panáček David , Belza Jan , Hochvaldová Lucie , Baďura Zdeněk , Zoppellaro Giorgio , Šrejber Martin , Malina Tomáš , Šedajová Veronika , Paloncýová Markéta , Langer Rostislav , Zdražil Lukáš , Zeng Jianrong , Li Lina , Zhao En , Chen Zupeng , Xiong Zhiqiang , Li Ruibin , Panáček Aleš , Večeřová Renata , Kučová Pavla , Kolář Milan , Otyepka Michal , Bakandritsos Aristides , Zbořil Radek 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe outbreak of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria, or “superbugs”, poses a global public health hazard due to their resilience against the most effective last‐line antibiotics. Identifying potent antibacterial agents capable of evading bacterial resistance mechanisms represents the ultimate defense strategy. This study shows that –the otherwise essential micronutrient– manganese turns into a broad‐spectrum potent antibiotic when coordinated with a carboxylated nitrogen‐doped graphene. This antibiotic material (termed NGA‐Mn) not only inhibits the growth of a wide spectrum of multidrug‐resistant bacteria but also heals wounds infected by bacteria in vivo and, most importantly, effectively evades bacterial resistance development. NGA‐Mn exhibits up to 25‐fold higher cytocompatibility to human cells than its minimum bacterial inhibitory concentration, demonstrating its potential as a next‐generation antibacterial agent. Experimental findings suggest that NGA‐Mn acts on the outer side of the bacterial cell membrane via a multimolecular collective binding, blocking vital functions in both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. The results underscore the potential of single‐atom engineering toward potent antibiotics, offering simultaneously a long‐sought solution for evading drug resistance development while being cytocompatible to human cells.
Routes to Bidirectional Cathodes for Reversible Aprotic Alkali Metal–CO2 Batteries
Authors: Cheng Yihao , Wang Yuxuan , Chen Biao , Han Xiaopeng , He Fang , He Chunnian , Hu Wenbin , Zhou Guangmin , Zhao Naiqin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAprotic alkali metal–CO2 batteries (AAMCBs) have garnered significant interest owing to fixing CO2 and providing large energy storage capacity. The practical implementation of AAMCBs is constrained by the sluggish kinetics of the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) and the CO2 evolution reaction (CO2ER). Because the CO2ER and CO2RR take place on the cathode, which connects the internal catalyst with the external environment. Building a bidirectional cathode with excellent CO2ER and CO2RR kinetics by optimizing the cathode's internal catalyst and environment has attracted most of the attention to improving the electrochemical performance of AAMCBs. However, there remains a lack of comprehensive understanding. This review aims to give a route to bidirectional cathodes for reversible AAMCBs, by systematically discussing engineering strategies of both the internal catalyst (atomic, nanoscopic, and macroscopic levels) and the external environment (photo, photo‐thermal, and force field). The CO2ER and CO2RR mechanisms and the “engineering strategies from internal catalyst to the external environment–cathode properties–CO2RR and CO2ER kinetics and mechanisms–batteries performance” relationship are elucidated by combining computational and experimental approaches. This review establishes a fundamental understanding for designing bidirectional cathodes and gives a route for developing reversible AAMCBs and similar metal–gas battery systems.
On‐Chip Synthesis of Quasi‐2D Semimetals from Multi‐Layer Chalcogenides
Authors: Cai Jun , Zhang Huairuo , Tan Yuanqiu , Sun Zheng , Wu Peng , Tripathi Rahul , Krylyuk Sergiy , Suhy Caleb , Kong Jing , Davydov Albert V. , Chen Zhihong , Appenzeller Joerg 
Published: September 2024

AbstractReducing the dimensions of materials from three to two, or quasi‐two, provides a fertile platform for exploring emergent quantum phenomena and developing next‐generation electronic devices. However, growing high‐quality, ultrathin, quasi2D materials in a templated fashion on an arbitrary substrate is challenging. Here, the study demonstrates a simple and reproducible on‐chip approach for synthesizing non‐layered, nanometer‐thick, quasi‐2D semimetals. In one implementation, this method starts with thin semiconducting InSe flakes of below 20 nm in thickness with nickel deposited on top, followed by a low‐temperature annealing step that results in a controlled transformation of the layered InSe to a non‐layered, crystalline semimetal via reaction with the laterally diffusing nickel. Atomic resolution microscopy reveals the transformed semimetal to be Ni3In2Se2 with a Kagome‐lattice structure. Moreover, it is demonstrated that this synthesis method is generalizable by transforming 2D layered chalcogenides such as SnS and SnSe employing Ni and Co to non‐layered semimetals, paving the way for engineering novel types of devices.