bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the effects of diets high in animal or plant protein on metabolic and cardiovascular markers in type 2 diabetes: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Sucher Stephanie , Markova Mariya , Hornemann Silke , Pivovarova Olga , Rudovich Natalia , Thomann Ralph , Schneeweiss Rosemarie , Rohn Sascha , Pfeiffer Andreas F. H. 
Published: February 2017

AimTo compare high animal protein (AP) with high plant protein (PP) diets, differing in amino acid composition, in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).Materials and methodsWe compared isocaloric diets containing 30% of energy either as AP or PP, using newly developed PP‐enriched foods, both combined with 30% energy as fat and 40% as carbohydrates in 44 patients with T2DM over 6 weeks in a randomized parallel‐group study. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic clamps and cardiovascular variables were measured.ResultsUric acid decreased in both groups, but significantly more in the AP than the PP group. There were no significant differences in other variables, although glycated haemoglobin levels, diastolic blood pressure and fasting non‐esterified fatty acid levels improved significantly in the PP but not in the AP group. Insulin sensitivity (M‐value), C‐reactive protein and fasting glucose improved significantly in the AP but not in the PP group. Total and LDL cholesterol levels and systolic blood pressure decreased significantly in both groups, and the urinary albumin excretion rate decreased from baseline in participants with microalbuminuria.ConclusionsIsocaloric diets high in AP or PP allow similar improvements in metabolism and cardiovascular risk factors in people with T2DM, indicating that the differences in amino acid composition do not affect the metabolic responses to the interventions.
Treatment patterns in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists: Higher adherence and persistence with dulaglutide compared with once‐weekly exenatide and liraglutide
Authors: Alatorre Carlos , Fernández Landó Laura , Yu Maria , Brown Katelyn , Montejano Leslie , Juneau Paul , Mody Reema , Swindle Ralph 
Published: February 2017

AimsTo compare adherence (proportion of days covered [PDC]), persistence, and treatment patterns among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) newly initiating glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs). More specifically, the main objectives were to compare dulaglutide vs exenatide once weekly and dulaglutide vs liraglutide.MethodsPatients with T2DM newly initiating dulaglutide, albiglutide, exenatide once weekly, exenatide twice daily and liraglutide between November 2014 and April 2015 were hierarchically selected from Truven Health's MarketScan Research Databases. Propensity score matching was used to account for selection bias. Adherence to and persistence with the index GLP‐1RA, and switching and augmentation patterns were assessed during the 6‐month post‐index period.ResultsMean adherence for the matched cohorts was significantly higher for dulaglutide than for exenatide once weekly (0.72 vs 0.61;
P
< .0001) and liraglutide (0.71 vs 0.67;
P
< .0001). The percentage of patients achieving PDC ≥ 0.80 was significantly higher for dulaglutide compared with exenatide once weekly (54.2% vs 37.9%;
P
< .0001) and liraglutide (53.5% vs 44.3%;
P
< .0001). The mean (standard deviation) days on treatment for all matched patients was significantly higher for patients in the dulaglutide cohort compared with those in the exenatide once‐weekly (148.4 [55.4] vs 123.6 [61.6];
P
< .0001) and liraglutide cohorts (146.0 [56.9] vs 137.4 [60.1];
P
< .0001). A significantly lower proportion of patients on dulaglutide discontinued treatment compared with those on exenatide once weekly (26.2% vs 48.4%;
P
< .0001) and those on liraglutide (28.0% vs 35.6%;
P
< .0001).ConclusionsDulaglutide initiators had significantly higher adherence, were more persistent, and had lower discontinuation rates compared with initiators of exenatide once weekly or liraglutide during the 6‐month follow‐up period.
Evolution of the hypercarnivorous dentition in mammals (Metatheria, Eutheria) and its bearing on the development of tribosphenic molars
Authors: Solé Floréal , Ladevèze Sandrine 
Published: February 2017

SUMMARYOne major innovation of mammals is the tribosphenic molar, characterized by the evolution of a neomorphic upper cusp (=protocone) and a lower basin (=talonid) that occlude and provide shearing and crushing functions. This type of molar is an evolutionarily flexible structure that enabled mammals to achieve complex dental adaptations. Among carnivorous mammals, hypercarnivory is a common trend that evolved several times among therians (marsupials, placentals, and stem relatives). Hypercarnivory involves an important simplification of the carnassial molar pattern from the ancestral tribosphenic molar pattern, with the modification of the triangular tooth crown, and the loss of several cusps and cuspids typical of the tribosphenic molar. These losses confer to the molars of the hypercarnivorous mammals a plesiomorphic/paedomorphic morphology that resembles more the earliest mammaliaforms than the earliest therians. Here, we demonstrate that the modification of the molar morphology is fully explained by a patterning cascade mode of cusp development. Contrary to what was previously proposed, our study concludes that the metaconid (mesiolingual cusp of lower molars, associated with a puncturing function) does not influence cusp development of the talonid (distal crushing heel of lower molars). Moreover, it provides a new example of how heterochronic changes were crucial to the evolution of mammal dentition. To overcome the difficulty of applying behavioral or ecological definitions of diets to fossil animals, we characterize hypercarnivorous dentitions on the basis of the molar morphology and more particularly on the loss or retention of crushing structures, each dentition resulting from adaptations to a distinct ecomorphotype. Despite repeated and convergent evolution of hypercarnivorous forms, hypercarnivory appears as a highly constrained specialization (i.e., “dead end”) that is unlikely to evolve back to omnivorous dentition, especially when the crushing structures are lost.
Legacy effects and memory loss: how contingencies moderate the response of rocky intertidal biofilms to present and past extreme events
Authors: Dal Bello Martina , Rindi Luca , Benedetti‐Cecchi Lisandro 
Published: February 2017

AbstractUnderstanding how historical processes modulate the response of ecosystems to perturbations is becoming increasingly important. In contrast to the growing interest in projecting biodiversity and ecosystem functioning under future climate scenarios, how legacy effects originating from historical conditions drive change in ecosystems remains largely unexplored. Using experiments in combination with stochastic antecedent modelling, we evaluated how extreme warming, sediment deposition and grazing events modulated the ecological memory of rocky intertidal epilithic microphytobenthos (EMPB). We found memory effects in the non‐clustered scenario of disturbance (60 days apart), where EMPB biomass fluctuated in time, but not under clustered disturbances (15 days apart), where EMPB biomass was consistently low. A massive grazing event impacted on EMPB biomass in a second run of the experiment, also muting ecological memory. Our results provide empirical support to the theoretical expectation that stochastic fluctuations promote ecological memory, but also show that contingencies may lead to memory loss.
Impact of continuous in‐home rehabilitation on quality of life and activities of daily living in elderly clients over 1 year
Authors: Imanishi Miyuki , Tomohisa Hisao , Higaki Kazuo 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimTo verify the effect of in‐home rehabilitation on quality of life and activities of daily living in elderly clients.MethodsIn this non‐randomized controlled intervention trial, elderly participants were separated into a rehabilitation or a non‐rehabilitation group (n = 100 each). The non‐rehabilitation group received basic in‐home nursing care, including assistance with cooking, cleaning, toileting, meals and medication. The rehabilitation group received a physical treatment program provided by a licensed professional once a week and basic nursing care in the home. For each group, quality of life and activities of daily living were assessed approximately every 3 months over a 1‐year period. Quality of life was evaluated using the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale, and activities of daily living were evaluated based on the Functional Independence Measure.ResultsThe rehabilitation group showed statistically significant improvements in both quality of life and activities of daily living. In contrast, the non‐rehabilitation group, although showing slight improvement in quality of life at 9 months, showed almost no effects at the other time‐points and no significant changes in activities of daily living over the course of the study.ConclusionsThe results of the present study suggest that long‐term continuous in‐home rehabilitation might improve quality of life and activities of daily living in elderly clients. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1866–1872.
Molecular phenotype and bleeding risks of an inherited platelet disorder in a family with a RUNX1 frameshift mutation
Authors: Badin M. S. , Iyer J. K. , Chong M. , Graf L. , Rivard G. E. , Waye J. S. , Paterson A. D. , Pare G. , Hayward C. P. M. 
Published: February 2017

IntroductionInherited defects in RUNX1 are important causes of platelet function disorders.AimOur goals were to evaluate RUNX1‐related platelet disorders among individuals evaluated for uncharacterized, inherited platelet function disorders and test a proof of concept that bleeding risks could be quantitatively estimated for typical families with an inherited platelet function disorder.MethodsIndex cases with an uncharacterized inherited platelet function disorder were subjected to exome sequencing with confirmation of RUNX1 mutations by Sanger sequencing. Laboratory findings were obtained from medical records and persistence of platelet non‐muscle myosin heavy chain IIB (MYH10), a biomarker of RUNX1 defects, was assessed by Western blotting. Bleeding histories were assessed using standardized assessment tools. Bleeding risks were estimated as odds ratios (OR) using questionnaire data for affected individuals compared to controls.ResultsAmong 12 index cases who had their exomes sequenced, one individual from a family with eight study participants had a c.583dup in RUNX1 that segregated with the disease and was predicted to cause a frameshift and RUNX1 haploinsufficiency. Unlike unaffected family members (n = 2), affected family members (n = 6) had increased bleeding scores and abnormal platelet aggregation and dense granule release responses to agonists but only some had thrombocytopenia and/or dense granule deficiency. This family's mutation was associated with persistence of MYH10 in platelets and increased risks (OR 11–440) for wound healing problems and mild bleeding symptoms, including bleeding interfering with lifestyle in women.ConclusionInherited platelet dysfunction due to a RUNX1 haploinsufficiency mutation significantly increases bleeding risks.
Does IIH Alter Brain Microstructures? – A DTI‐Based Approach
Authors: Schmidt Christoph , Wiener Edzard , Lüdemann Lutz , Kunte Hagen , Kreutz Katharina Maria , Becker Nils , Harms Lutz , Klingebiel Randolf , Hoffmann Jan 
Published: February 2017

IntroductionTo investigate the correlation of microstructural parameters with CSF pressure and macroscopic changes assessed by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH).MethodsTwenty‐three patients with IIH as well as age‐, sex‐, and body mass index (BMI)‐matched controls underwent high resolution MR imaging of the optic nerve sheaths (ONS), pituitary gland, and ventricles. For DTI data a voxelwise permutation analysis was performed for the whole brain and ROI analysis was performed for the optic nerve and optic radiation. DTI measurements were correlated to morphometric measurements, CSF opening pressure, and headache intensity. The reliability of diagnostic performance of DTI parameters was assessed using ROC analysis.ResultsAnalysis of DTI metrics revealed a significant reduction in the fractional anisotropy (FA) of the optic nerve in patients with IIH. In contrast, systematic regional variations between IIH patients and controls were neither observed in the whole brain analysis nor in the optic radiation.FA values of the optic nerve show significant correlations with the optic nerve sheath diameter (P = .003, r = −.589). The correlation of the alterations of the FA values of the optic radiation and the whole brain do not show a significant association to morphometric alterations in the ONS diameter and hypophysis height as well as to CSF opening pressure and headache intensity.ConclusionsThe results indicate that IIH is associated with microstructural changes in the optic nerve. These alterations may be the direct consequence of chronically elevated intracranial pressure.
Hypercoagulability and Migraine
Authors: Tietjen Gretchen E. , Collins Stuart A. 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundA growing body of literature suggests that migraineurs, particularly those with aura, have an increased risk for ischemic stroke, but not via enhanced atherosclerosis. The theory that micro‐emboli induced ischemia provokes cortical spreading depression (ie, symptomatic aura) in migraineurs but transient ischemic attacks in others highlights a potential role for hypercoagulability as a link between migraine (with aura) and stroke.AimOur objective is to summarize the literature evaluating the association of migraine with various acquired or inheritable thrombophilic states, including those related to elevated estrogen levels, endothelial activation and dysfunction, antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), deficiency of coagulation inhibitors, and presence of certain genetic polymorphisms.FindingsAlthough definitive studies are lacking, a preponderance of available evidence links migraine, and especially aura, to increased levels of estradiol (eg, oral contraceptive pill [OCP] use, pregnancy), thrombo‐ and erythrocytosis, von Willebrand factor (vWF) antigen, fibrinogen, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) antigen, and endothelial microparticles. Studies of a link to migraine are conflicting for aPL, homocysteine, Protein S, and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism. No association with migraine was found in meta‐analyses of Factor V Leiden, and of prothrombin gene mutation. Within a large, young ischemic stroke sample, migraine with aura was associated with a thrombophilic state and with patent foramen ovale (PFO). In the non‐stroke population, meta‐analyses show an association of PFO and migraine with aura (MA), but two population‐based studies do not support the link.RecommendationsFor persons with MA and (1) a personal history or family history of thrombosis, or (2) MRI evidence of micro‐vascular ischemia or of stroke, an evaluation for hypercoagulability is warranted. In cases of MA alone, consider screening for markers of endothelial activation (eg, vWF, high sensitivity c‐reactive protein [hs CRP], and fibrinogen). Rigorous management of other stroke risk factors is paramount, but efficacy of anti‐thrombotic agents in the treatment of migraine is unproven. Closure of PFO is not routinely recommended based on negative randomized trials.
Grasshopper diversity of urban wastelands is primarily boosted by habitat factors
Authors: Eckert Svea , Möller Maria , Buchholz Sascha 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Urban wastelands are considered to be valuable habitats for biodiversity conservation, but empirical evidence for several poorly investigated taxa such as grasshoppers is still pending – although urgently required for reasonable habitat management and urban planning.

For the first time, we analysed grasshopper diversity of urban wastelands at different diversity levels, namely, alpha and functional diversity. In 2014, we selected 24 urban wastelands in the city of Berlin (Germany). We analysed the relationships between local and landscape factors and different measurements of diversity (species richness, Simpson diversity, functional dispersion, functional evenness and functional divergence).

We sampled 21 species, which represented about 45% of the entire grasshopper fauna of Berlin and numerous species of conservation interest were present at the investigated sites. Grasshopper diversity was best explained by local factors, with herb cover having a positive effect on alpha and functional diversity. Human impact and accessibility increased the conservation value of urban wasteland sites.

Late successional stages are very important for a high grasshopper diversity in general but early stages are mandatory to promote species of conservation concern. Urban wastelands can be turned into most promising transition zones for city‐dwellers that fulfil the needs of conservationists and specialised species at the same time. To achieve this goal we recommend minimum requirements for successful habitat management.
Systematic review of laser therapy in xanthelasma palpebrarum
Authors: Nguyen Austin H. , Vaudreuil Adam M. , Huerter Christopher J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractXanthelasma palpebrarum is a benign periorbital xanthoma with substantial cosmetic and psychosocial burden for patients. Treatment modalities should be considered based on efficacy as well as cosmetic outcome. Laser modalities in the treatment of xanthelasma palpebrarum have not been comprehensively reviewed and discussed. Accordingly, this study seeks to systematically and critically review the available literature discussing laser treatment of xanthelasma palpebrarum. PubMed was systematically reviewed for reports on laser therapy in the treatment of xanthelasma palpebrarum. A total of 21 studies were included in this review discussing laser treatment of xanthelasma palpebrarum. Laser types included carbon dioxide, yttrium aluminum garnet, pulsed dye, argon, and a 1450 nm diode laser. The carbon dioxide laser was the most commonly reported modality followed by yttrium aluminum garnet laser. All of the laser modalities offered moderate to excellent clearance rates with minimal side effect profiles. Further large scale studies comparing different laser modalities are required to determine the best laser modality. However, laser modalities as a whole offer a treatment option for xanthelasma palpebrarum, that is, cosmetically excellent with a reasonable side‐effect profile.
Characteristics and risk profile of psoriasis patients included in the Czech national registry BIOREP and a comparison with other registries
Authors: Kojanova Martina , Fialova Jorga , Cetkovska Petra , Gkalpakiotis Spyridon , Jircikova Jitka , Dolezal Tomas , Arenberger Petr ,   the BIOREP study group
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundBIOREP is a Czech registry of psoriatic patients on biological treatment in a clinical setting. We describe the characteristics of patients with psoriasis at the time of enrollment and present comparisons with published data from other national registries.MethodsWe analyzed the cohort of patients treated with biologics between May 2005 and May 2015. Demographic data, previous therapies, comorbidities, and severity of psoriasis were compared with data from other registries – DERMBIO, BIOBADADERM, BADBIR, and PSOBEST.ResultsA total of 1412 psoriatic patients initiating biological treatment were included with a predominance of males (63.4%). The mean patient age was 50.2 years, and approximately 70.5% of patients were either overweight or obese. The mean baseline Psoriasis Area and Severity Index was 19.8, and the Dermatology Life Quality Index was 16.6. More than one‐third of patients (41.0%) reported a history of psoriatic arthritis, and a high proportion of patients (49.5%) with cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension [35.2%], hyperlipidemia [27.7%], diabetes mellitus [11.4%], coronary heart disease [4.9%], and obesity [15.2%]) were observed. Most of the patients had been previously treated with phototherapy (85.4%), acitretin (74.0%), methotrexate (65.7%), or cyclosporine (53.1%).ConclusionBIOREP is one of the first registries of patients with psoriasis treated with biologics in Central and Eastern Europe. Our results found a similar or higher prevalence of comorbidities, long disease duration, and high impact on the quality of life among patients included in Western European registries.
Pluralism in Organizations: Learning from Unconventional Forms of Organizations
Authors: Brès Luc , Raufflet Emmanuel , Boghossian Johnny 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe bureaucratic organization is still regarded as the conventional organizational form, but is ill‐suited to an increasingly pluralistic world. Research on the variety of organizational forms has increased dramatically over the past three decades and offers the potential to understand better how pluralism is manifested and managed within organizations. However, this research remains fragmented. The purpose of this paper is to review and synthesize research on unconventional organizations to explore how organizations resolve or attenuate the tensions related to pluralism. Drawing from research in leading management journals, it covers seven distinct literatures: ‘referent organization’, ‘temporary organization’, ‘pluralistic organization’, ‘meta‐organization’, ‘bridging organization’, ‘hybrid organization’ and ‘field‐configuring event’. For each literature, the authors trace the genealogy of the key concepts and review their distinct insights regarding organizational pluralism. They then synthesize and discuss their collective contributions and conclude with avenues of research for pluralism in organizations.