bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Listening to the Silence: What does unrecorded information in the Electronic Health Record tell us? Findings from a Patient and Public Involvement Event
Authors: George Julie , Luchenski Serena , Williamson Elizabeth , Banerjee Amitava , Saunders Peter E 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectivesHandling missing information is an important methodological challenge in electronic health records research, with the reasons for missingness dictating how missing data should be handled. While there is extensive literature on methodological approaches to handling missing data, there is relatively little research with patients or clinicians investigating why information may be unrecorded in the medical records. A patient and public involvement event was held, embedded with a wider EHR event (UCL Festival of Digital Science - March 2016), to explore unrecorded information from a patient and researcher point of view with a view to developing further research in this area.
ApproachCo-chaired by an academic and lay chair, members of the Farr Patient and Public Involvement Forum, academics, students and the general public attended workshop held during the Festival of Digital Health. A brief exercise was used to demonstrate the impact of missing data. Participants then worked in small facilitated groups to discuss situations where information about them (or people they knew) had not been recorded, the reasons why this information was not recorded and what the impact (or potential impact) was on the patient. A standardised data form was used by facilitators to record participants’ conversations. The data forms were summarised into Excel and a brief thematic analysis was conducted. A written evaluation of the workshop was also completed by participants and included in the analysis.
ResultsThe evaluation was overwhelming positive about embedding PPI workshop within an event with a wider remit, from both researchers and patient and public representatives. Preliminary findings on reasons for missingness included change of address or provider (both general practice and secondary care), individual clinician approaches to recording data, process of computerisation of medical notes, early stages of disease not reported to GP and unwillingness to disclose more sensitive information such as sexually transmitted disease. Discussion also included reasons for misrepresented or other errors with data. Further findings from the framework analysis will be presented.
ConclusionThis exploratory workshop showed that patient and public involvement events can be embedded successfully within events aimed at professionals. Preliminary findings suggest that reasons for missingness often related to features of the provider or clinician as well as the patient.
Realising the potential of linked data in healthcare performance assessment efforts in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Sutherland Kim , Papadopoulos Christopher , Marashi-Pour Sadaf , Chen Huei-Yang , Lévesque Jean-Frédéric 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo describe: (1) a stepwise guide to the use of linked data in the development of individual healthcare performance metrics; and (2) the application of these metrics in comprehensive performance assessment efforts at a system, regional and hospital level of analysis.ApproachA stepwise guide to the definition and validation of linked-data based indicators was developed following a rapid review of peer reviewed and grey literature and a series of semi-structured interviews with international subject experts. The review and interviews adopted a snowball approach to collect information on the ways in which linked data are currently used in performance measurement efforts. Data collection continued until indicator type saturation was reached. Details about existing applications of linked data in performance reporting were mapped, and used to inform the development of the guide. Indicators were aligned within a conceptual framework that is used to assess healthcare performance in New South Wales, on the basis of accessibility, appropriateness, effectiveness, efficiency, equity and sustainability. ResultsThe guide to indicator development considers the use and contribution of linked data in four stages: defining a cohort; capturing outcomes of interest; risk adjustment; and attribution. A series of vignettes illustrate the various contributions that linked data can make to performance measurement efforts – highlighting the ways in which those data can enhance understanding of complexity and dynamic relationships, and help build a comprehensive picture of performance.
ConclusionIn performance measurement efforts internationally, linked data are used to strengthen the reliability, accuracy and precision of individual metrics and to inform efforts to assess various dimensions of healthcare performance. In New South Wales, linked data underpin publicly reported performance measures and have the potential to provide in the future whole-of-government and whole-of-system perspectives on health.
Canadian data sources on ethnic classifications: Contemporary and historical developments in heterogeneity
Authors: Lucyk Kelsey , Tang Karen , Quan Hude 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveA thorough understanding of the health status of Canadians must take into account their ethnicity, given the genetic and social effects of race and ethnicity on health. Our objective is to describe Canadian data sources that collect ethnicity data and the degree of granularity that exists for ethnic classifications within these sources. We contextualize changes to the collection of ethnic data by considering their historical, social, and political circumstances.
ApproachOur methods are informed by environmental scan and history methodology. We searched publicly available government documents, peer-reviewed literature, and contacted key informants to gain a comprehensive understanding of the Canadian sources available for collecting nationally representative ethnicity data. Two investigators, using qualitative content analysis, analyzed these sources independently. We extracted information form sources relating to the ethnic classifications (e.g., race, ethnic origins, colour, ancestry) and constructed a historical timeline of key changes. We mapped these to Canada’s changing social and political landscape and drew on contemporary literature to consider the implications of these changes for population health. The study team met to discuss findings, interpretations, and themes that emerged from these sources.
ResultsThere are four main sources of ethnicity data in Canada used for health research: 1) Provincial health insurance registries, 2) Canadian Health Measures Survey, 3) Canadian Community Health Survey, 4) Census. Of these, ethnicity data are most limited in the provincial health insurance registries, flagging only Aboriginal status. The other three data sources are nationally administered, with all asking individuals to select, out of 11 categories, self-identified racial or ethnic groups.
Historically, Canada’s changing policies on multiculturalism and immigration have influenced the collection of ethnic data to become more inclusive and granular. Important periods include early attempts at nation-building during the late 19th century, social changes post-WWII and the introduction of multiculturalism into federal policy, and present-day efforts in ethnic classifications for research purposes and preserving cultural diversity.
ConclusionsThere is a need for greater granularity in ethnic classifications to reflect the diversity of the Canadian population. Consideration should be made to capture ethnicity as a social, cultural, and historical concept concept, especially in large data sources that influence health decision-making, such as the census. For example, questions on ethnic classification may consider incorporating questions about sense of belonging with the identified ethnic ancestry, rather than relying solely on reported ethnic origin and race.
As obras visuais e os textos que as acompanham
Authors: Galard Jean 
Published: April 2017

Seria útil ou mesmo indispensável propor aos visitantes de museus ou de exposições temporárias um comentário, breve ou desenvolvido, sobre as obras expostas? Fazer isso - o que parece atestar uma boa intenção didática -, seria supérfluo ou até mesmo nocivo? A resposta a essa pergunta varia de acordo com que tipo de obra está em causa. Também depende da forma como o comentador procede. Que tipo de comentário ele ou ela fornecerá? Informação histórica? Análise formal? Sugestão sobre o significado da obra? Como perceber o que cada obra de arte requer?
دور المكتبات ومراكز المعلومات في الحصول على الاعتماد الأكاديمي: مكتبة كلية الاقتصاد بجامعة السلطان قابوس أنموذجا
Authors: بنت سالم الهنائي أصيلة 
Published: April 2017

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف إلى مدى إلتزام مكتبة كلية الإقتصاد والعلوم السياسية بتوفير بيئة تعليمية مناسبة من خلال تطبيق معايير الإعتماد الأكاديمي. باعتماد المنهج التحليلي باستخدام أداة الدراسة المتمثلة في استمارة التقييم والتي شملت خمسة محاور وهي: التخطيط والتقويم، التنظيم،دعم المستفيدين،الموارد والمرافق،الأدلة ومؤشرات الأداء.وقد أظهرت نتائج الدراسة بأن المكتبة ملتزمة بتطبيق معايير الاعتماد الأكاديمي من أجل توفير بيئة تعليمية مناسبة لمستفيديها من الهيئة الأكاديمية والطلبة. وقد أظهرت النتائج أن المكتبة لم تطبق أحد شروط المعايير والمتمثل في الاعارة المتبادلة بين المكتبات نظرا لقيام المكتبة الرئيسة بتقديم تلك الخدمة.وبذلك أوصت الدراسة بضرورة تفعيل التعاون بين مختلف مؤسسات المعلومات، وبضرورة زيادة السعة الإستيعابية للمكتبة وذلك من خلال زيادة مساحتها.
Science, politics, and rationality in a partisan era
Authors: Kirchner James W. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractScience plays an essential role in public policy by outlining the factual foundations of policy debates. As a result, science often becomes a political football, with partisans dismissing or misrepresenting scientific findings that conflict with their political views. Here I argue that scientists can most effectively speak out, not as activists supporting particular political causes, but instead as advocates for a fundamentally rational public discourse, one that starts from the facts—not from whatever one might choose to believe—and then explores how society should respond to the challenges that they pose.
The Corinthian War, 395–387BC
Authors: Trundle Matthew 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAfter the Peloponnesian War, Sparta's domineering attitude soured its relations with its allies, and in 399 bcthe Spartan–Persian alliance collapsed. The Spartans generally demonstrated the superiority of their heavy infantry in pitched battles such as that at Nemea, though in 390 light peltasts under the Athenian Iphicrates defeated a Spartan hoplite unit in a running battle at Lechaeum. Much of the conflict was confined to skirmishing and raids around the isthmus, but the resurgence of the Athenian navy drove Persia to repair relations with Sparta. With its powerful ally as guarantor, Sparta was able to dictate the terms of the so‐called King's Peace in 386. The major combatants achieved little overall, but the war did succeed in emphasizing the importance of different troop types and showed that Greece no longer controlled its own destiny.
The Campaigns of Pyrrhus, 282–272
BC
Authors: Armstrong Jeremy 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
King Pyrrhus of Epirus responded to an appeal for help from Tarentum and other Greek cities in southern Italy, which were worried about the encroachment of Roman power. His army represented a state‐of‐the‐art Macedonian war machine, with powerful cavalry and elephants as well as solid infantry. In initial battles the Romans failed to cope with this new challenge, but they managed to inflict heavy (“Pyrrhic”) casualties even in defeat. When the Romans refused to buckle, Pyrrhus turned to Sicily in search of quicker results, but on his return to Italy the Romans had worked out how to counteract his tactics.
The Fourth‐Century Roman Empire: Persia
Authors: Lee Doug 
Published: April 2017

AbstractOnce Shapur II reached his maturity in the 330 s, war between Rome and Persia flared up after a generation of peace. For 25 years under Constantius II, the Roman adopted a defensive posture, relying on their major fortresses to soak up Persian attacks. To mark his new regime and demonstrate the efficacy of his pagan beliefs, Julian went on the offensive and advanced to the Persian capital at Ctesiphon, but his retreat ended in disaster, with the Romans being forced to surrender frontier territory to extricate their army after Julian's death.
The Eastern Roman Empire: Internal, 450–610
Authors: Lee Doug 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Although the eastern empire flourished while the western empire was collapsing, partly because it experienced many fewer revolts and usurpations, it did still experience intermittent crises. In the late fifth century Emperor Zeno's reliance on fellow Isaurians caused resentment and also meant that Isaurian internal disputes acquired imperial significance. Under Anastasius, religious differences exacerbated tensions, while Justinian almost lost his throne in 532 when his attempts to control the circus factions backfired. In the early seventh century, the usurper Phocas found his bloody regime challenged from various quarters, until it was ended by Heraclius.
Justinian and Italy, 535–554
Authors: Whitby Michael 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
After the rapid reconquest of Vandal Africa, Justinian's attention turned to Ostrogothic Italy, where he exploited weaknesses in the Amal ruling family. Belisarius’ expedition quickly captured Naples and then Rome, where he had to withstand a long siege by the Ostrogothic king Theodahad. Thereafter dissension between Roman commanders hampered progress, but Belisarius still managed to end the Ostrogothic regime with the surrender of Ravenna. Roman inattention, however, permitted the Ostrogoths under Totila to recover much of the peninsula, with an underresourced Belisarius unable to resist effectively. Eventually a new expedition with larger forces under Narses crushed resistance.
Aldehydes as Carbon Radical Acceptors: Silver Nitrate Catalyzed Cascade Decarboxylation and Oxidative Cyclization toward Dihydroflavonoid Derivatives
Authors: Yang Wen‐Chao , Dai Peng , Luo Kai , Ji Yi‐Gang , Wu Lei 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSilver nitrate‐catalyzed cascade decarboxylation and oxidative cyclization of α‐oxocarboxylic acids, alkenes, and aldehydes is demonstrated for the first time. With ammonium persulfate as the oxidant, the cascade reactions afford dihydroflavonoid derivatives as products in moderate to good yields, exhibiting a broad substrate tolerance. Control experiments indicated that the mechanism includes a radical pathway with aldehydes as the carbon radical acceptors.magnified image
Polytriazoles based on alkyne terminated polybutadiene with and without urethane segments: Morphology and properties
Authors: Li Hui , Yu Qianqian , Zhao Fengqi , Wang Bozhou , Li Na 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTAlkyne terminated polybutadiene with urethane segments (PUPB), a well‐controlled macromolecule, is synthesized with a two‐step routine and characterized by 1H NMR, IR spectroscopy as well as gel permeation chromatograph. Alkyne terminated polybutadiene without urethane segments (PTPB) is also synthesized and characterized. The two alkyne terminated polybutadiene are cured to generate corresponding polytriazoles. It is found that the mechanical properties of PUPB based polytriazoles are superior to that of PTPB. The fractured surfaces of PTPB based polytriazoles exhibit smooth microstructures whereas PUPB based polytriazoles show the rough microstructures. The atomic force microscopy images reveal well‐established microphase‐separated morphology in polytriazoles with the promotion of urethane segments. Thus, the strong hydrogen bonding interaction existed in urethane has a remarkable effect on the morphology and then the mechanical properties of the as‐prepared polytriazoles. In addition, dioctyl sebacate can serve as an excellent plasticizer to PUPB based polytriazoles, lowering the glass transition temperature (Tg) and improving the ductility. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45178.
Ammonothermal Synthesis of Earth‐Abundant Nitride Semiconductors ZnSiN2 and ZnGeN2 and Dissolution Monitoring by In Situ X‐ray Imaging
Authors: Häusler Jonas , Schimmel Saskia , Wellmann Peter , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn this contribution, first synthesis of semiconducting ZnSiN2 and ZnGeN2 from solution is reported with supercritical ammonia as solvent and KNH2 as ammonobasic mineralizer. The reactions were conducted in custom‐built high‐pressure autoclaves made of nickel‐based superalloy. The nitrides were characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction and their crystal structures were refined by the Rietveld method. ZnSiN2 (a=5.24637(4), b=6.28025(5), c=5.02228(4) Å, Z=4, Rwp=0.0556) and isotypic ZnGeN2 (a=5.46677(10), b=6.44640(12), c=5.19080(10) Å, Z=4, Rwp=0.0494) crystallize in the orthorhombic space group Pna21 (no. 33). The morphology and elemental composition of the nitrides were examined by electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX). Well‐defined single crystals with a diameter up to 7 μm were grown by ammonothermal synthesis at temperatures between 870 and 1070 K and pressures up to 230 MPa. Optical properties have been analyzed with diffuse reflectance measurements. The band gaps of ZnSiN2 and ZnGeN2 were determined to be 3.7 and 3.2 eV at room temperature, respectively. In situ X‐ray measurements were performed to exemplarily investigate the crystallization mechanism of ZnGeN2. Dissolution in ammonobasic supercritical ammonia between 570 and 670 K was observed which is quite promising for the crystal growth of ternary nitrides under ammonothermal conditions.
Measurements of morphological and biophysical alterations in individual neuron cells associated with early neurotoxic effects in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Yang Su‐A , Yoon Jonghee , Kim Kyoohyun , Park YongKeun 
Published: April 2017

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease. However, therapeutic methods of PD are still limited due to complex pathophysiology in PD. Here, optical measurements of individual neurons from in vitro PD model using optical diffraction tomography (ODT) are presented. By measuring 3D refractive index distribution of neurons, morphological and biophysical alterations in in‐vitro PD model are quantitatively investigated. It was found that neurons show apoptotic features in early PD progression. The present approach will open up new opportunities for quantitative investigation of the pathophysiology of various neurodegenerative diseases. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Differentiating signals to make biological sense – A guide through databases for MS‐based non‐targeted metabolomics
Authors: Gil de la Fuente Alberto , Grace Armitage Emily , Otero Abraham , Barbas Coral , Godzien Joanna 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMetabolite identification is one of the most challenging steps in metabolomics studies and reflects one of the greatest bottlenecks in the entire workflow. The success of this step determines the success of the entire research, therefore the quality at which annotations are given requires special attention. A variety of tools and resources are available to aid metabolite identification or annotation, offering different and often complementary functionalities. In preparation for this article, almost 50 databases were reviewed, from which 17 were selected for discussion, chosen for their online ESI‐MS functionality. The general characteristics and functions of each database is discussed in turn, considering the advantages and limitations of each along with recommendations for optimal use of each tool, as derived from experiences encountered at the Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO) in Madrid. These databases were evaluated considering their utility in non‐targeted metabolomics, including aspects such as identifier assignment, structural assignment and interpretation of results.
The influence of hippocampal atrophy on the cognitive phenotype of dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Elder Greg J. , Mactier Karen , Colloby Sean J. , Watson Rosie , Blamire Andrew M. , O'Brien John T. , Taylor John‐Paul 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveThe level of hippocampal atrophy in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is typically less than that observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it is not known how the cognitive phenotype of DLB is influenced by hippocampal atrophy or the atrophy of adjacent medial temporal lobe structures.MethodsDementia with Lewy bodies (n = 65), AD (n = 76) and control (n = 63) participants underwent 3T magnetic resonance imaging and cognitive Cambridge Cognitive Examination and Mini‐Mental State Examination (CAMCOG and MMSE) assessments. Hippocampal volume, and parahippocampal, entorhinal and temporal pole cortical thickness, was compared between groups. Regression models were used to investigate whether hippocampal volume and cortical thickness associated with global cognition and cognitive subdomains.ResultsDementia with Lewy bodies, AD and control participants showed significantly different hippocampal, parahippocampal and entorhinal cortical thinning, where atrophy was greatest in AD and intermediate in DLB. Temporal pole thickness was reduced in DLB and AD compared with control participants. In DLB, but not AD, hippocampal volume associated with total CAMCOG, CAMCOG memory and MMSE scores. In DLB, parahippocampal, entorhinal and temporal pole thickness associated with total CAMCOG and CAMCOG memory scores, parahippocampal thickness associated with MMSE scores, and entorhinal thickness associated with CAMCOG executive function scores.ConclusionsIn this large sample, these results are in agreement with other studies indicating that hippocampal atrophy is less severe in DLB than AD. Hippocampal atrophy and medial temporal lobe cortical thickness were associated with the severity of cognitive symptoms, suggesting that atrophy in these structures, as a potential proxy of AD pathology, may partly mediate specific DLB cognitive symptoms. © 2017 The Authors. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.