bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IT and OT Convergence - Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Kamal S. Z. , Al Mubarak S. M. , Scodova B. D. , Naik P. , Flichy P. , Coffin G. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Information Technology (IT) and Operational Technology (OT) are converging as integration from the real-time to the enterprise gains ground across many industries. This paper focuses on accelerating the convergence of IT and OT to deliver increased safety, efficiency and productivity in the petroleum industry resulting from harmonizing processes, aligning technologies and enhancing governance.
We start by contextually defining IT vs. OT to highlight key attributes of these capabilities as information technology vs. digital capability used in process operations. With this context and differentiating attributes of our industry, we discuss the need and present means to align business strategy, process capabilities, technical disciplines, work processes, and organizational models to achieve value in convergence – specifically, business and operational change management needed to realize better decision support through improved visibility, discovery, predictability and optimization.
After presenting a structured approach to assess maturity and plan for convergance within the framework of existing and new digital oilfiled initiatives, we propose a way forward as a change management process. We conclude our discussion by presenting a recent example to highlight collaboration across the ecosystem to foster integration across disciplines, and enable utilization of internal and external expertise.
Automated Real-Time Process Data Analysis Using Online Wavelet Transforms: Fault Detection, Data Cleansing and Compression
Authors: Deshpande Alisha , Qin Si-Zhao Joe , Brenskelle Lisa A. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Improvements in sampling methods and sensor technology have resulted in the creation of vast amounts of process data that can be analyzed to improve the operation of chemical facilities. Automated real-time data analysis methods sort through incoming data immediately, aiding in real-time decision making and preparing the data for further analysis. In this study, the application of online wavelet transforms (OWT) to several aspects of real-time data analysis was considered, namely, fault detection, data cleansing and data compression. In the first application, the OWT was used to build a model and detect faults in an uncorrelated tag (variable) which cannot use traditional data driven modelling that relies on underlying relationships between variables. The OWT was successfully able to detect and identify various common sensor faults including missing and frozen values, linear drift and spikes. Recursive least squares (RLS) was then used to predict replacement values, and was a significant improvement on current standards, particularly with highly variable data. The new algorithm (OWT and RLS together) also updates statistics with each new value, so decision making is accurate but does not require repeated calculations on the whole data set. This application directly affects real-time decision making as detected faults can be addressed immediately, and any predictive models built from the data will be representative of real operation. The OWT is also used to create a novel real-time data compression algorithm to economically store large quantities of data. The industry standard swinging door algorithm requires extensive manual input, in addition to other drawbacks. The new method is an online filter that is completely automated, with calculations unique to each tag. This new algorithm showed much higher compression ratios with less loss of information, and was clearly superior to the old method.
Optique: Simple, Oil & Gas-oriented Access to Big Data in Exploration
Authors: Skjæveland M. G. , Cameron D. , Giese M. , Hovland D. , Waaler A. , Bjørge E. , Tungland K. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The growth of available information sources in the industry requires new efficient methods for data access by end-users whose ability to analyse data is at the core of making business decisions. Data analysis suffer from end-users' ability to efficiently clean and integrate and query data spread across a multitude of different data sources. Current centralised approaches, where an IT expert translates the requirements of domain experts into Extract-Transform-Load (ETL) processes to integrate the data and to apply predefined analytical reporting tools, are too heavy-weight and inflexible. To support interactive and efficient data exploration directly by domain experts, without IT expert involvement, a more flexible and modular information systems architecture is needed.
The Optique platform reduces the time and cost of data access dramatically by automating the process of translating an information requirement into the retrieval of the relevant data. The key to this automated translation is Ontology-Based Data Access (OBDA), where the central idea is to use an ontology, a semantically rich conceptual model of the problem domain, and mappings, that describe the relationship between the ontology and the data sources, to allow users to formulate queries and receive answers in a domain-centric and intelligible form, without any knowledge of the implementational details of the data sources. We present the Optique platform as a next generation OBDA system featuring user-friendly query formulation interface(s), automated query translation over multiple sources using novel ontology and mapping management components, and distributed query optimisation and execution exploiting cloud resources for scale-out.
At Statoil Exploration, the Optique platform integrates multiple large and complex data sources from different vendors, and allows G&G experts to execute and present detailed information needs in the subsurface domain directly into existing expert client tools and also into web portals for easy information distribution of central assets across the enterprise.
Comparison of Endotracheal Intubation Through I-gel and Intubating Laryngeal Mask Airway
Authors: Choudhary Bharat , Karnawat Rakesh , Mohammed Sadik , Gupta Monika , Srinivasan Bharath , Kumar Rakesh 
Published: August 2016

Background:
Supraglottic airway devices (SADs) are very useful airway adjunct in managing anticipated and unanticipated difficult airway and can be used as a ventilating aid and as a conduit for tracheal intubation. The new versions of SADs like i-gel and intubating laryngeal mask airway (ILMA), have advantage of hands-free airway maintenance without the need for tracheal intubation, they can be placed easily without direct visualization of the larynx, ensure predictable ventilation and can be used as conduit for tracheal intubation.

Objective:
To compare ease and success of placement of both SADs and ease and success of endotracheal (ET) intubation through both SADs.

Method:
Eighty patients of both sexes, aged between 18-60 years and belonging to ASA grade I and II undergoing surgical procedure under general anaesthesia (GA) were randomly divided into two group (i-gel and ILMA) of equal number. Following induction the allocated device was inserted and after confirming adequate ventilation, blind ET intubation was attempted through the device. First attempt and overall success rate of SAD insertion and ET intubation through SAD; time taken for SAD insertion and ET intubation through SAD; hemodynamic changes and postoperative complications were recorded and compared between groups.

Result:
Demographic profile, success rate of SAD insertion, haemodynamic changes and adverse effects were similar between groups (p>0.05).Overall time needed for successful SAD insertion was significantly shorter in group i-gel (22.52±5.64 sec) than group ILMA (31.15±5.52 sec) (p value <0.0001). Overall success rate of blind ET intubation was higher in group i-gel (75%) in comparison to group ILMA (65%). I-gel required significantly less time to achieve successful ET intubation than ILMA (26.30±11.35 sec vs. 33.53±13.13 sec)(p<0.0001).

Conclusion:
Both the SADs were proved to be useful alternative to conventional laryngoscope for ET intubation, although i-gel required lesser time and had better success rate of ET intubation as compared to ILMA.
Antidepressant effects of <i>Mentha pulegium</i> in mice
Authors: Rabiei Zahra , Gholami Mostafa , Rafieian-Kopaei Mahmoud 
Published: August 2016

<p class="Abstract">The aim of this study is to investigate the antidepressant effects of <em>Mentha pulegium</em> essential oil in BALB/c mice. Six experimental groups (7 mice each) were used. Forced swim test was performed 30 min after essential oil injection. In the groups receiving <em>M. pulegium</em> essential oil (50, 75 and 100 mg/kg), immobility duration significantly decreased compared to the control group. <em>M. pulegium</em> (50 and 75 mg/kg) resulted in significant decrease in nitrate/nitrite content in serum compared to the control group. <em>M. pulegium</em> essential oil antidepressant effect that may be due to the inhibition of oxidative stress. The results showed that decrease in nitrate/nitrite content in serum and high anti-oxidant effects of M. pulegium essential oil.</p><p><strong>Video clip:</strong></p><p><a href="https://youtube.com/v/qfmjCf5FNMk">Immobility in Forced Swim Test</a>: 13 sec</p><p><a href="https://youtube.com/v/oqWS13JzQtQ">Mobility in Forced Swim Test</a>: 19 sec</p><p> </p><p> </p>
Serum Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin in Infants and Children with Sepsis-Related Conditions with or without Acute Renal Dysfunction
Authors: Afify Mohammed Farouk M. , Maher Sheren Esam , Ibrahim Nora Mohamed , El-Hamied Waleed Mahamoud Abd 
Published: August 2016

Purpose To validate serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as an early biomarker for acute kidney injury (AKI) in sepsis-related conditions and its predictive and prognostic values. Patients and Methods This study included 65 patients, who were clinically evaluated for sepsis, severe sepsis, or septic shock, and 20 apparently healthy served as controls. Patients were divided into two groups: Group I (AKI-sepsis): 65 newly admitted patients diagnosed as sepsis, who were further divided into three subgroups according to the severity: systemic inflammatory response syndrome, severe sepsis, and septic shock, and Group II (control group): 20 apparently healthy subjects matched for age and sex, serum creatinine and serum NGAL concentrations were estimated initially within 24 hours of admission and after 72 hours of admission in all patients and control groups. Results Serum NGAL increased significantly with increasing severity of renal impairment. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis suggested that serum NGAL cutoff value of 40 ng/mL within the first 24 hours of admission is highly specific and sensitive for predicting AKI, with sensitivity of 90.9% and specificity of 75.8%. Conclusion We concluded that early measurement of serum NGAL level in sepsis can serve as a clinically useful marker for early prediction of AKI and for grading of its severity.
Environmental Health and Safety Hazards of Indigenous Small-Scale Gold Mining Using Cyanidation in the Philippines
Authors: Leung Ana Marie R. , Lu Jinky Leilanie DP. 
Published: August 2016

Objectives This cross-sectional study aimed at the environmental health hazards at work and cyanide exposure of small-scale gold miners engaged in gold extraction from ores in a mining area in the Philippines. Methods Methods consisted of structured questionnaire-guided interviews, work process observation tools, physical health assessment by medical doctors, and laboratory examination and blood cyanide determination in the blood samples of 34 indigenous small-scale gold miners from Benguet, Philippines. Results The small-scale gold miners worked for a mean of 10.3 years, had a mean age of 36 years, with mean lifetime mining work hours of 18,564. All were involved in tunneling work (100%) while a considerable number were involved in mixing cyanide with the ore (44%). A considerable number were injured (35%) during the mining activity, and an alarming number (35%) had elevated blood cyanide level. The most prevalent hazard was exposure to chemicals, particularly to cyanide and nitric acid, which were usually handled with bare hands. Conclusion The small-scale gold miners were exposed to occupational and environmental hazards at work.
Physical energy inputs and the comparative ecology of lake and marine ecosystems
Authors: Nixon Scott W. 
Published: August 2016

Although freshwater and marine systems both receive light and heat energy from the sun and are mixed by the wind, only marine systems receive additional mechanical energy from the tide. This input is very small relative to the flux of solar energy but may exceed that from wind. Some obvious physical consequences of this additional energy input include the development of intertidal habitats, the presence of stronger currents, and more vigorous vertical mixing. It is argued that these (and perhaps other) consequences lead to coastal marine ecosystems which differ in a number of important ways from temperate lakes.There is some evidence that coastal marine systems generally maintain a larger standing crop of benthic animals and that these fauna are more effective in mixing the bottom sediments. As a result of better sediment mixing (and perhaps warmer and better oxygenated bottom water), organic matter deposited on the bottom of coastal marine areas may be more completely metabolized and less C, N, and P retained than in lake sediments. Materials that are more tightly bound to particles, like many metals, may behave similarly in lake and marine sediments. Although many lakes are strong sinks for nutrients and metals, marine bays and estuaries may be much less effective in retaining nutrients.A major consequence of the input of tidal energy appears to be a more intensive yield of fish from marine systems compared with temperate lakes. The data suggest that this more intense yield is not due to the size or interconnection of marine areas or to higher primary production. Rather, the efficiency of transfer of primary production to fish appears to be greater. Tropical lakes appear more like marine systems in this regard, and this may be related to lower thermal stability and more efficient wind energy transfer because of a small Coriolis effect at low latitudes.
Mierobial biogeochemistry and heterotrophy in sediments of a marine hydrocarbon seep
Authors: Bauer James E. , Montagna Paul A. , Spies Robert B. , Prieto Maria C. , Hardin Dane 
Published: August 2016

Vertical profiles of sediment and pore‐water constituents and rates of microbially mediated geochemical processes were determined in surficial sediments (0–7‐cm depth) of three stations in and around Isla Vista hydrocarbon seep off Santa Barbara, California. Measurements were made of pore‐water alkalinity (total and carbonate), pH, Eh, dissolved oxygen, sulfate, and sulfide, total sedimentary organic carbon (TOC) and nitrogen, ATP, sulfate reduction and dark bicarbonate uptake and incorporation, and oxygen flux across the sediment‐water interface in benthic chambers.In general, alkalinity, pH, sulfide, TOC, ATP, and all rate processes were greatest in sediments of that station (A) with active seepage and decreased with increasing distance from the seep. Sulfate depletion and extremely low Eh values occurred in station A sediments. At a station (B) with lower seepage rates than station A, sedimentary and pore‐water constituents and rate processes were intermediate to those measured at station A and a station (C) without seepage. Pore‐water and sedimentary constituents as well as oxygen flux were strongly correlated with total extractable sedimentary hydrocarbons (TEH) measured at each station and for each corresponding depth interval. All parameters exhibited seasonal differences that may have been temperature‐dependent.The greater concentrations of TEH, sulfide, and alkalinity with increasing sedimentary depth indicate that seep sediments are a source of these constituents to the water column and a sink for O2 and SO42‒. The strong heterotrophic, and possibly chemoautotrophic, character of seep sediments resembles that of other organically enriched systems. The diagenesis of petroleum hydrocarbons is a function of the biogeochemical patterns and microbial heterotrophic activities in surficial sediments.
Twin cosmogenic radiotracer studies of phosphorus recycling and chemical fluxes in the upper ocean
Authors: Lai D. , Chung Y. , Platt T. , Lee T. 
Published: August 2016

We determined the feasibility of using two cosmogenic radionuclides, 32P (half life, 14.3 d) and 33P (half‐life, 25.3 d) as tracers for studying nutrient cycling and chemical fluxes in the upper layers of the ocean. Various chemical procedures were tried to extract dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) from several thousand liters of seawater as required to measure the natural activities of 32P and 33P. We developed a simple and convenient procedure for extraction of DIP from about 103 liters of seawater h 1, simultaneously from several depths. The activities of 32P and 33P were measured with a low‐level Q‐gas flow counter. The 32P activities in coastal waters off La Jolla and San Diego range between 0.5 and 0.9 dpm m‒3 of seawater. The 32P‐specific activities in coastal plankton samples range between 20 and 100 [dpm (g P)‒1], zooplankton samples being consistently lower than phytoplankton samples. The phytoplankton samples have 32P activities (dpm m‒3 of seawater) close to those in surface waters.The observed concentrations and specific activities of these tracers in dissolved and particulate phosphorus pools are in excellent agreement with expectations. Our studies demonstrate their usefulness as suitable tracers for studies of P pathways through the pelagic food chain and P flux through the thermocline, averaged over a time scale of 1–2 months.
Detection of Emerging Food Pathogens in Chicken Meat Using Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Raja Satheesh , Rao Appa , Babu Narendra , Thamizhannal Thamizhannal 
Published: August 2016

<p>A study was undertaken to develop a multiplex PCR (m-PCR) protocol for simultaneous detection of <em>Campylobacter jejuni </em>and <em>Listeria monocytogenes </em>in chicken meat. The extraction of DNA was carried out using commercial DNA extraction kit, Phenol Chloroform and boiling method. Samples with OD ratio (260:280) between 1.7 and 1.9 were considered good in terms of concentration and purity and were used for PCR amplification. DNA extraction kit and Phenol Chloroform method revealed good OD value were used for sample extraction process. PCR and m-PCR amplification was carried out using genus specific primers were designed by targeting its<em> Hyp </em>(500 bp) and <em>prfA </em>(290 bp) gene for <em>Campylobacter jejuni </em>and <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em> respectively. Electrophoresis of amplified PCR products and gel documentation revealed 500 bp and 290 bp in 2% Agarose.<strong> </strong>The multiplex PCR technique was standardized using the reference strains with the similar amplification procedure. The minimum detection level (sensitivity) by mPCR for <em>Campylobacter jejuni </em>and <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em> was found to be 0.2 ng/ul and 1.0 ng/ul of DNA in a reaction mixture (25 ul). The developed multiplex PCR technique could detect <em>Campylobacter jejuni </em>and <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em> upto 3 × 10<sup>5</sup> and 3 × 10<sup>4</sup> CFU/ml of artificially inoculated meat homogenate. Around 60 chicken meat samples were collected from different regions of chennai and were screened for the presence of <em>Campylobacter jejuni</em> and <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em>. All the samples screened were not positive either for <em>Campylobacter jejuni</em> and <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em>. The negative samples were further checked by culture methods and good correlation between these two methods was observed. Hence, the m-PCR technique developed in this study can be used as a rapid screening test for detection of <em>Campylobacter jejuni </em>and <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em> from chicken meat within 24 hours.</p>
Markten, cultuur en prestatie- en uiterlijkbevorderende middelen (PUBM): de eigenschappen van dealers die opereren in België en Nederland
Authors: van de Ven Katinka 
Published: August 2016

Markets, culture and performance and image enhancing drugs (PIEDs): the characteristics of dealers who operate in Belgium and the Netherlands
It has become evident that the use of performance and image enhancing drugs (PIEDs) is becoming an important societal issue, with ramifications extending beyond elite sport. A particular concern of authorities is that the majority of PIEDs are not legally obtained through a physician, by means of a prescription, but instead are illegally purchased on the illicit market. Currently little research exists on the illegal production and supply of PIEDs. However, understanding illicit PIED markets is important for policy decisions as knowledge on the production and supply of these substances may assist in designing law enforcement efforts, harm reduction initiatives and other measures. This article will, therefore, focus on the production and supply of PIEDs in Belgium and the Netherlands. Specifically, it will examine the general characteristics of PIED suppliers and the ways in which the behaviour of dealers are influenced by cultural factors. In particular the role of the legal profession of PIED suppliers is examined, taking the fitness industry as an example. This research is based on a content analysis of 64 PIED-dealing cases initiated by criminal justice agencies in the Netherlands (N=33) and Belgium (N=31). This article illustrates that the dealing of PIEDs is a rather specialised business and that not everyone has the suitable ties, opportunities and/or knowledge to enter the PIED market. Many PIED dealers are already devoted to a gym, sport, medical, or other subculture before becoming involved in dealing. Importantly, the embeddedness of PIED-related supply-side activities in legitimate professions, roles, and institutional settings form an integral part of the market culture these dealers engage in. We, therefore, need to examine the production, distribution and use of PIEDs, as embedded within a diverse combination of social, economic and cultural processes, in which none is simply reducible to the other.