bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recurrent pyloric stenosis
Authors: Al‐Ansari Amani , Altokhais Tariq I. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractInfantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is the most commonly encountered surgical disease among pediatric patients. Incomplete pyloromyotomy is not uncommon complication of pyloromyotomy. However, recurrent pyloric stenosis is extremely rare. Up until now, there are only five cases reported in the English literature. We report a child with recurrent pyloric stenosis who was managed by redo pyloromyotomy.
Pediatric autopsy case of asphyxia due to salmon egg (ikura) aspiration
Authors: Takamiya Masataka , Niitsu Hisae , Saigusa Kiyoshi , Dewa Koji 
Published: July 2016

AbstractHere we report an autopsy case of asphyxia due to aspiration of a salmon egg (ikura) into the airway. The patient was a 19‐month‐old girl. During breakfast, she put salmon eggs into her mouth, and began to walk. She slipped, fell down, and collapsed. She was pronounced dead following 2 h of resuscitation. The body was autopsied 28 h after death. The gastric contents consisted of rice, orange sections, and white salmon eggs. The lungs were deeply congested and over‐inflated. In the right lung, areas of atelectasis in the upper and middle lobes were seen. A yellow salmon egg (8 mm in diameter) was found in the trachea. Although fish eggs are consumed throughout the world, reports of this sort are limited. The aspiration of fish eggs is under‐acknowledged and underreported. The importance of preventive measures needs to be emphasized to parents and caregivers.
Ultraweak Photon Emission from the Seed Coat in Response to Temperature and Humidity—A Potential Mechanism for Environmental Signal Transduction in the Soil Seed Bank
Authors: Footitt Steven , Palleschi Simonetta , Fazio Eugenio , Palomba Raffaele , Finch‐Savage William E. , Silvestroni Leopoldo 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSeeds beneath the soil sense the changing environment to time germination and seedling emergence with the optimum time of year for survival. Environmental signals first impact with the seed at the seed coat. To investigate whether seed coats have a role in environmental sensing we investigated their ultraweak photon emission (UPE) under the variable temperature, relative humidity and oxygen conditions they could experience in the soil seed bank. Using a custom‐built luminometer we measured UPE intensity and spectra (300–700 nm) from Phaseolus vulgaris seeds, seed coats and cotyledons. UPE was greatest from the internal surface of the seed coat. Seed coat UPE increased concomitantly with both increasing temperature and decreasing relative humidity. Emission was oxygen dependent and it was abolished by treatment with dinitrophenylhydrazine, demonstrating the key role of seed coat carbonyls in the phenomenon. We hypothesize that beneath the soil surface the attenuation of light (virtual darkness: low background noise) enables seeds to exploit UPE for transducing key environmental variables in the soil (temperature, humidity and oxygen) to inform them of seasonal and local temperature patterns. Overall, seed coats were found to have potential as effective transducers of key fluctuating environmental variables in the soil.
Immunogenomics of gastrointestinal nematode infection in ruminants – breeding for resistance to produce food sustainably and safely
Authors: Sweeney T. , Hanrahan J. P. , Ryan M. T. , Good B. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryGastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infection of ruminants represents a major health and welfare challenge for livestock producers worldwide. The emergence of anthelmintic resistance in important GIN species and the associated animal welfare concerns have stimulated interest in the development of alternative and more sustainable strategies aimed at the effective management of the impact of GINs. These integrative strategies include selective breeding using genetic/genomic tools, grazing management, biological control, nutritional supplementation, vaccination and targeted selective treatment. In this review, the logic of selecting for “resistance” to GIN infection as opposed to “resilience” or “tolerance” is discussed. This is followed by a review of the potential application of immunogenomics to genetic selection for animals that have the capacity to withstand the impact of GIN infection. Advances in relevant genomic technologies are highlighted together with how these tools can be advanced to support the integration of immunogenomic information into ruminant breeding programmes.
Innate and adaptive immune molecules of striped murrel Channa striatus
Authors: Palanisamy Rajesh , Bhatt Prasanth , Kumaresan Venkatesh , Pasupuleti Mukesh , Arockiaraj Jesu 
Published: July 2016

AbstractChanna striatus, also called snakehead murrel, is an important freshwater teleost fish which has been widely cultured for its tasty flesh along with nutritional and medicinal values. The growth of both cultured and wild murrels is affected by various physical, chemical and biological factors. As a teleost fish, C. striatus is an intermediate organism between invertebrates and vertebrates. They have a well‐developed innate immune system than invertebrates and a primitive adaptive immune system compared to that of higher vertebrates, thus an interesting unique immune structure to explore. Studies have identified that a few external stimulants do instigate the immune system to fight against the pathogens at the time of infection in C. striatus. This review discusses the physicochemical and biological stress factors, immune system and immune molecules of C. striatus which are potentially involved in combating the stress factors.
Conservation Management of EU Priority Habitats after Collapse of Traditional Pastoralism: Navigating Socioecological Transitions in Mountain Rangeland
Authors: Honrado João Pradinho , Lomba Angela , Alves Paulo , Aguiar Carlos , Monteiro‐Henriques Tiago , Cerqueira Yvonne , Monteiro Paulo , Barreto Caldas Francisco 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAgricultural abandonment is a major driver of change in rural landscapes. Assumed to provide beneficial results to the environment and the conservation of biota, rural abandonment triggers landscape and biotic homogenization and loss of valuable species and habitats. This article focuses on the ecological effects and conservation challenges of shifts in extensive grazing regimes on marginal pastureland of Mediterranean mountains. We conceptualize a navigated socioecological transition toward conservation‐oriented management after the collapse of historical land systems. The article provides examples from the LIFE+ project “Higro,” developed in mountainous protected areas in Portugal, of how management for conservation could sustain disturbance‐dependent habitats. We argue that actively and regularly managing large habitat areas should be envisaged as a short‐term approach to limit the immediate effects of rural abandonment. A gradual integration of conservation targets with other activities in changing rural economies is necessary to foster long‐term conservation of species and habitats, building on the link between conservation‐oriented habitat management and ecosystem services in rural landscapes. Conservation goals should run alongside recovery of social systems and innovation applied to traditional sources of income. This parallel development would contribute to building up social‐ecological resilience by maintaining a diversity of social and ecological capital in rural areas.
Contemplating Bretscher's View that the Tritope Model is ‘Implausible’
Authors: Cohn M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThere is, at present, only two models of the TCR structure–function relationship. These are referred to here as the Standard (Centric) model and the Tritope model. While I have argued that the Standard model is untenable and proposed the Tritope to replace it, Bretscher has argued that the Tritope model is ‘implausible’ and throws his support for the Standard model. This essay analyses the implausibility argument concluding that it is unfounded.
Soil chemical and biological characteristics influence mineralization processes in different stands of a tropical wetland
Authors: Boulogne I. , Ozier‐Lafontaine H. , Merciris P. , Vaillant J. , Labonte L. , Loranger‐Merciris G. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn the Caribbean, Pterocarpus officinalis swamp forest, a coastal freshwater wetland, has been locally transformed by human activities into Colocasia esculenta monoculture (under the swamp forest) or pasture (where deforestation has occurred). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of three land uses of this tropical wetland (swamp forest, C. esculenta monoculture and pasture) on soil abiotic and biological features. We hypothesized that increasing the level of ecosystem alteration by agricultural intensification would negatively impact soil chemical characteristics, soil fauna diversity and carbon mineralization. As expected, land use significantly affected soil characteristics and changes followed the increasing intensity of land use. The ‘undisturbed system’, that is swamp forest, was characterized by a large soil organic matter content, a high level of soil moisture, a small phosphorus content and a slightly lower pH. These characteristics were correlated with a small faunal abundance and diversity and slow carbon (C) mineralization. The ‘low disturbance system’, that is C. esculenta monoculture, was the closest to swamp forest characteristics and changes between the both systems principally concerned a very slight decrease in organic matter content and very small increase in C mineralization and Coleoptera diversity. By contrast, all parameters (soil chemical characteristics, C mineralization and faunal abundance and diversity) were impacted in the most intensive land‐use, pasture. Our study confirmed that agricultural practices have an influence on soil fauna and C mineralization processes in wetlands. Moreover, our study suggested that a C. esculenta traditional agroecosystem under swamp forest cover could be considered as an ‘eco‐friendly’ agricultural practice.
The Paediatric Admission Quality of Care (PAQC) score: designing a tool to measure the quality of early inpatient paediatric care in a low‐income setting
Authors: Opondo Charles , Allen Elizabeth , Todd Jim , English Mike 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundEvaluating clinician compliance with recommended steps in clinical guidelines provides one measure of quality of process of care but can result in a multiplicity of indicators across illnesses, making it problematic to produce any summative picture of process quality, information that may be most useful to policy‐makers and managers.ObjectiveWe set out to develop a clinically logical summative measure of the quality of care provided to children admitted to hospital in Kenya spanning the three diagnoses present in 60% or more of admissions that would provide a patient‐level measure of quality of care in the face of comorbidity.MethodsWe developed a conceptual model of care based on three domains: assessment, diagnosis and treatment of illnesses. Individual items within domains correspond to recommended processes of care within national clinical practice guidelines. Summative scores were created to reduce redundancy and enable aggregation across illnesses while maintaining a clear link to clinical domains and our conceptual model. The potential application of the score was explored using data from more than 12 000 children from eight hospitals included in a prior intervention study in Kenya.ResultsSummative scores obtained from items representing discrete clinical decision points reduced redundancy, aided balance of score contribution across domains and enabled direct comparison of disease‐specific scores and the calculation of scores for children with comorbidity.ConclusionThis work describes the development of a summative Paediatric Admission Quality of Care score measured at the patient level that spans three common diseases. The score may be an efficient tool for assessing quality with an ability to adjust for case mix or other patient‐level factors if needed. The score principles may have applicability to multiple illnesses and settings. Future analysis will be needed to validate the score.
A case of giant cell tumor of soft parts in a horse
Authors: Cian Francesco , Whiteoak Sarah , Stewart Jennifer 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA 12‐year‐old British Warmblood mare was examined by the referring veterinarian for evaluation of a cutaneous lesion on the dorsal thorax to the right of the midline. Cytologic examination of fine‐needle aspirates from the mass was supportive of a giant cell tumor of soft parts (GCTSP). Laser surgical excision and postoperative methyl aminolevulinate (MAL) photodynamic therapy (PDT) were performed. Histologic examination of the mass confirmed the cytologic diagnosis. At 8 months from surgery, no evidence of recurrence has been observed. Giant cell tumors of soft parts are rare cutaneous neoplasms, observed in several domestic species, including the horse where they commonly appear as superficial cutaneous lesions without aggressive biologic behavior. Previously classified as giant cell variant of malignant fibrous histiocytoma, these superficial tumors have now been designated as giant cell tumors of soft tissue or giant cell tumors of low malignant potential within the category of fibrohistiocytic neoplasms.
Effect of prewarming EDTA blood samples to 37°C on platelet count measured by Sysmex XT‐2000iV in dogs, cats, and horses
Authors: Williams Tim L. , Archer Joy 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundPseudothrombocytopenia secondary to platelet clumping is a common cause of preanalytic error for platelet counts in dogs, cats, and horses. In human beings, it is suggested that prewarming blood samples to 37°C prior to hematology analysis will reduce platelet clumping.ObjectivesThe purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of prewarming EDTA blood samples to 37°C on measured platelet counts and other hematologic variables.MethodsThe EDTA blood samples from dogs, cats and horses submitted to the clinical pathology laboratory at the University of Cambridge were included. Complete blood cell counts performed using a Sysmex XT‐2000iV hematology analyzer were done on samples at room temperature (approximately 22°C) and following warming of the samples to 37°C in a water bath. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare hematologic variables, including platelet count, before and after sample warming to 37°C. Data are presented as median (25th, 75th percentile) increase.ResultsBlood samples from 39 dogs, 19 cats, and 10 horses were included. Sample warming to 37°C resulted in a statistically significant increase in platelet counts in dogs (11 [−2, 30] ×109/L), cats (36 [14, 84] ×109/L), and horses (42 [31, 79] ×109/L). Sample warming did not significantly affect other hematologic variables.ConclusionsPrewarming EDTA blood samples to 37°C prior to hematologic analysis increased platelet counts overall in canine, feline, and equine blood, but did not abrogate platelet clumping and pseudothrombocytopenia fully in some cases. Furthermore, true pseudothrombocytopenia was not confirmed in these animals.
Jewish ethics and xenotransplantation
Authors: Mathieu Richard 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundAlthough exclusively secular approaches to xenotransplantation are methodologically necessary to establish a fundamental verdict on its theoretical ethical acceptability, it is nevertheless pragmatically appropriate to take into account specifically religious positions, as religion is a factor relevant to societal acceptability. Apart from the aspect of societal acceptability, Jewish bioethics, like other religiously embedded ethics, may enrich the broader ethical discourse on xenotransplantation, as some of its principles—pikuach nefesh being the most prominent one—are plausible even in the framework of secular ethics.MethodsThis paper first explores concepts of normativity in Jewish ethics before identifying specific ethical issues in Jewish bioethics and possible resolutions offered within the framework of Jewish ethics, and then finally examine the implications for the broader debate on xenotransplantation.ResultsReligions in general and Judaism in specific cannot and should not be systematically excluded from ethical debates, not only because they may provide helpful input, but also because religion, religiousness and the affiliation to a religion can be crucial factors regarding the societal acceptability of specific medical technologies and procedures as they may be important aspects of an individual's identity. The principles of Jewish bioethics may be compelling to those who do not necessarily share the specifically religious prerequisites on which Jewish ethics is established. Among these rather cogent concepts is the status of natural law and naturalness, which is far more open to medical technologies and procedures deemed as unnatural and thus morally wrong by other religious parties in public discourse.ConclusionsJewish ethics has strong tendencies toward supporting xenotransplantation given a certain criteria is met. No categorical bans on xenotransplantation can be established on the grounds of Halacha.
Energy Expenditure for 70 Activities in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Sasaki Jeffer Eidi , Howe Cheryl A. , John Dinesh , Hickey Amanda , Steeves Jeremy , Conger Scott , Lyden Kate , Kozey-Keadle Sarah , Burkart Sarah , Alhassan Sofiya , Bassett David , Freedson Patty S. 
Published: July 2016

Background:Thirty-five percent of the activities assigned MET values in the Compendium of Energy Expenditures for Youth were obtained from direct measurement of energy expenditure (EE). The aim of this study was to provide directly measured EE for several different activities in youth.Methods:Resting metabolic rate (RMR) of 178 youths (80 females, 98 males) was first measured. Participants then performed structured activity bouts while wearing a portable metabolic system to directly measure EE. Steady-state oxygen consumption data were used to compute activity METstandard (activity VO2/3.5) and METmeasured (activity VO2/measured RMR) for the different activities.Results:Rates of EE were measured for 70 different activities and ranged from 1.9 to 12.0 METstandard and 1.5 to 10.0 METmeasured.Conclusion:This study provides directly measured energy cost values for 70 activities in children and adolescents. It contributes empirical data to support the expansion of the Compendium of Energy Expenditures for Youth.
Comparison of Energy Expenditure of Youth Playing Tennis During Practice and Match Settings
Authors: Ondrak Kristin S. , McMurray Robert G. 
Published: July 2016

Background:Researchers have investigated the energy expenditure of tennis practice and match play in adults but not youth.Methods:VO2 was recorded for 36 youth, ages 9 to 18, during 10-minute bouts of tennis practice and match play. A GLM was used to compare VO2 between practice and match play and among age groups (9–12 years, 13–15 years, and 16–18 years); also to compare the difference in adult and child-derived MET values (ΔMET).Results:VO2 was higher for tennis match play vs. practice (P < .05) and there was a trend for 16 to 18 year olds having lower VO2 than 9 to 12 year olds (P = .055). ΔMET did not differ between settings but varied by age group (P = .004); it was highest in 9- to 12-year-olds and lowest in 16- to 18-year-olds.Conclusions:Youth expend more energy while playing a tennis match than practice, regardless of age. Child-derived MET values equaled those of adults once youth reached ages 16 to 18.
Predictive Validity of a Thigh-Worn Accelerometer METs Algorithm in 5- to 12-Year-old Children
Authors: van Loo Christiana M.T. , Okely Anthony D. , Batterham Marijka , Hinkley Tina , Ekelund Ulf , Brage Soren , Reilly John J. , Peoples Gregory E. , Jones Rachel , Janssen Xanne , Cliff Dylan P. 
Published: July 2016

Background:To validate the activPAL3 algorithm for predicting metabolic equivalents (TAMETs) and classifying MVPA in 5- to 12-year-old children.Methods:Fifty-seven children (9.2 ± 2.3y, 49.1% boys) completed 14 activities including sedentary behaviors (SB), light (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activities (MVPA). Indirect calorimetry (IC) was used as the criterion measure. Analyses included equivalence testing, Bland-Altman procedures and area under the receiver operating curve (ROC-AUC).Results:At the group level, TAMETs were significantly equivalent to IC for handheld e-game, writing/coloring, and standing class activity (P < .05). Overall, TAMETs were overestimated for SB (7.9 ± 6.7%) and LPA (1.9 ± 20.2%) and underestimated for MVPA (27.7 ± 26.6%); however, classification accuracy of MVPA was good (ROC-AUC = 0.86). Limits of agreement were wide for all activities, indicating large individual error (SB: −27.6% to 44.7%; LPA: −47.1% to 51.0%; MVPA: −88.8% to 33.9%).Conclusions:TAMETs were accurate for some SB and standing, but were overestimated for overall SB and LPA, and underestimated for MVPA. Accuracy for classifying MVPA was, however, acceptable.
Youth Energy Expenditure During Common Free-Living Activities and Treadmill Walking
Authors: Schuna John M. , Barreira Tiago V. , Hsia Daniel S. , Johnson William D. , Tudor-Locke Catrine 
Published: July 2016

Background:Energy expenditure (EE) estimates for a broad age range of youth performing a variety of activities are needed.Methods:106 participants (6–18 years) completed 6 free-living activities (seated rest, movie watching, coloring, stair climbing, basketball dribbling, jumping jacks) and up to 9 treadmill walking bouts (13.4 to 120.7 m/min; 13.4 m/min increments). Breath-by-breath oxygen uptake (VO2) was measured using the COSMED K4b2 and EE was quantified as youth metabolic equivalents (METy1:VO2/measured resting VO2, METy2:VO2/estimated resting VO2). Age trends were evaluated with ANOVA.Results:Seated movie watching produced the lowest mean METy1 (6- to 9-year-olds: 0.94 ± 0.13) and METy2 values (13- to 15-year-olds: 1.10 ± 0.19), and jumping jacks produced the highest mean METy1 (13- to 15-year-olds: 6.89 ± 1.47) and METy2 values (16- to 18-year-olds: 8.61 ± 2.03). Significant age-related variability in METy1 and METy2 were noted for 8 and 2 of the 15 evaluated activities, respectively.Conclusions:Descriptive EE data presented herein will augment the Youth Compendium of Physical Activities.
Complete Genome Sequences of 61 Mycobacteriophages
Authors: Hatfull Graham F. ,   Science Education Alliance Phage Hunters Advancing Genomics and Evolutionary Science (SEA-PHAGES) Program,   KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV (K-RITH) Mycobacterial Genetics Course,   University of California–Los Angeles Research Immersion Laboratory in Virology,   Phage Hunters Integrating Research and Education (PHIRE) Program
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Mycobacteriophages—viruses of mycobacteria—provide insights into viral diversity and evolution as well as numerous tools for genetic dissection of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
. Here we report the complete genome sequences of 61 mycobacteriophages newly isolated from environmental samples using
Mycobacterium smegmatis
mc
2
155 that expand our understanding of phage diversity.
Complete Genome Sequences of 11
Haemophilus ducreyi
Isolates from Children with Cutaneous Lesions in Vanuatu and Ghana
Authors: Pillay Allan , Katz Samantha S. , Abrams A. Jeanine , Ballard Ronald C. , Simpson Shirley V. , Taleo Fasihah , Lahra Monica M. , Batra Dhwani , Rowe Lori , Trees David L. , Asiedu Kingsley , Chen Cheng-Yen 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Haemophilus ducreyi
causes chancroid and has recently been shown to be a significant cause of cutaneous lesions in tropical or subtropical regions where yaws is endemic. Here, we report the draft genome assemblies for 11 cutaneous strains of
Haemophilus ducreyi
, isolated from children in Vanuatu and Ghana.