bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing tree volume overestimation in quantitative structure models using modeled branch topology and direct twig measurements
Authors: Morales Aidan , MacFarlane David W 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Quantitative Structure Models (QSMs) are fit to tree point clouds to represent the topology of trees as a network of cylinders. QSMs allow for the calculation of metrics difficult to measure without destructive sampling, including total tree volume. Current limitations in terrestrial laser scanning technology make small branches difficult to accurately resolve, causing overestimation of small branch volume in QSMs, which can translate into overestimating tree biomass. We present a new method called Real Twig to correct overestimated small branch and twig cylinders in QSMs. Real Twig differs from current methods by using twig diameters measured directly from corresponding tree species to model a unique taper for every path in the QSM, using the QSM’s inherent branching topology, but without relying on predefined mathematical or allometric relationships. To test Real Twig, we generated QSMs for different sets of trees that had detailed dry mass and density measurements obtained via felling after scanning. QSM-based biomass estimates were obtained by multiplying the tree’s QSM-based volume estimate by the tree’s specific basic density value. We trained our method with high-quality data consisting of five northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) and five red maple (Acer rubrum L.) trees, using two different versions of TreeQSM, a widely used algorithm for generating QSMs. We further tested our method on three publicly available datasets, including managed forests and large tropical trees, collected with both phase-shift or time-of-flight sensors. QSMs corrected with our Real Twig method showed a very large improvement in tree biomass estimation, with a relative mean error of −1.2%, a relative root mean square error of 10.5%, and a concordance correlation coefficient of 0.999, compared to a relative mean error 76.8%, a relative root mean square error of 48.7%, and a concordance correlation coefficient of 0.982, when using the standard outputs of TreeQSM.
HIV-1 inhibits IFITM3 expression to promote the infection of megakaryocytes
Authors: Bentaleb Cyrine , Adrouche Souad , Finkelstein Jade , Devisme Christelle , Callens Nathalie , Capron Claude , Bomsel Morgane , Real Fernando 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Despite an undetectable plasma viral load as a result of antiretroviral therapy, HIV-1-infected individuals with poor immune reconstitution harbor infectious HIV-1 within their platelets. Megakaryocytes, as platelet precursors, are the likely cellular origin of these HIV-1-containing platelets. To investigate the mechanisms that allow megakaryocytes to support HIV-1 infection, we established in vitro models of viral infection using hematopoietic stem cell-derived megakaryocytes and the megakaryocytic MEG-01 cell line. We observed HIV-1 DNA provirus integration into the megakaryocyte cell genome, self-limiting virus production, and HIV-1 protein and RNA compartmentalization, which are hallmarks of HIV-1 infection in myeloid cells. In addition, following HIV-1 infection of megakaryocyte precursors, the expression of interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3), an antiviral factor constitutively expressed in megakaryocytes, was inhibited in terminally differentiated HIV-1-infected megakaryocytes. IFITM3 knockdown in MEG-01 cells prior to infection led to enhanced HIV-1 infection, indicating that IFITM3 acts as an HIV-1 restriction factor in megakaryocytes. Together, these findings indicate that megakaryocyte precursors are susceptible to HIV-1 infection, leading to terminally differentiated megakaryocytes harboring virus in a process regulated by IFITM3. Megakaryocytes may thus constitute a neglected HIV-1 reservoir that warrants further study in order to develop improved antiretroviral therapies and to facilitate HIV-1 eradication.
Recurrent syncope during mastication
Authors: De Toledo Otavio F , Gutierrez-Aguirre Salvador F , Alessi Mateus R , Benalia Victor H C , Aguiar Vinicius Q , Aghaebrahim Amin , Hanel Ricardo A , Sauvageau Eric 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Steal syndrome is characterized by the disruption of blood flow from specific vascular territories due to perfusion via collateral vessels bypassing an obstructed artery segment. In the neurovascular setting, this can lead to entities such as subclavian steal syndrome or the less prevalent double steal phenomenon, primarily associated with atherosclerosis. We present a case of an early 80s patient with cerebrovascular insufficiency who exhibited neurological deficits during mastication. The angiographic evaluation showed occlusion at the origins of the left common carotid and of the brachiocephalic trunk. This configuration caused the left vertebral artery to be the only vessel filling anterograde. The flow in the right vertebral artery is retrograde, filling the subclavian and the right common carotid artery. Endovascular revascularization of the brachiocephalic trunk was successfully performed using a Gore Viabahn VBX Balloon Expandable Stent (W.L. Gore & Associates, Flagstaff, AZ, USA), leading to symptom resolution.
A delayed presentation of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia in a young male: a unusual case report and comprehensive review of literature
Authors: K C Suraj , Lamichhane Samiksha , Khanal Bhawani , Kumar Abhijeet , Gupta Rakesh Kumar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Acquired diaphragmatic hernia is typically caused by blunt trauma to the abdomen. It can be challenging to diagnose in acute cases due to a wide range of symptoms. Delayed presentation of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia is uncommon and can lead to respiratory issues or bowel complications like incarceration, perforation, or strangulation. Computed tomography is the preferred diagnostic tool. For acute case, laparotomy is indicated traditionally; however, the choice of surgery is dependent upon the surgeon’s expertise and availability of resources.
Using dust to constrain dark matter models
Authors: Ussing Adam J , Mostoghiu Paun Robert Adriel , Croton Darren , Boehm Celine , Duffy Alan , Power Chris 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we use hydrodynamic zoom-in simulations of Milky Way-type haloes to explore using dust as an observational tracer to discriminate between cold and warm dark matter (WDM) universes. Comparing a cold and 3.5 keV WDM particle model, we tune the efficiency of galaxy formation in our simulations using a variable supernova rate to create Milky Way systems with similar satellite galaxy populations while keeping all other simulation parameters the same. Cold dark matter (CDM), having more substructure, requires a higher supernova efficiency than WDM to achieve the same satellite galaxy number. These different supernova efficiencies create different dust distributions around their host galaxies, which we generate by post-processing the simulation output with the powderday codebase. Analysing the resulting dust in each simulation, we find $\sim$4.5 times more dust in our CDM Milky Way haloes compared with WDM. The distribution of dust out to R$_{200\text{c}}$ is then explored, revealing that the WDM simulations are noticeably less concentrated than their CDM counterparts, although differences in substructure complicate the comparison. Our results indicate that dust is a possible unique probe to test theories of dark matter.
HECO-01 CONSTRAINTS AND CHALLENGES OF TREATMENT ABANDONMENT IN PEDIATRIC CANCER PATIENTS DIAGNOSED WITH BRAIN TUMORS, LOW MIDDLE INCOME SETTING
Authors: Bayoumi Ahmed 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

ABSTRACT
Treatment abandonment is a critical issue in pediatric oncology that significantly impacts patient outcomes and survival rates. This study investigates the prevalence and factors contributing to treatment abandonment among pediatric solid cancer patients. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to explore the cultural, socioeconomic, and healthcare system-related factors influencing treatment abandonment in this population. Data was collected from 148 pediatric pediatric cancer patients diagnosed with Brain tumors in National Cancer institute, Cairo University over a 2 year period. The study also examines the implications of treatment abandonment on disease progression, patient prognosis, and overall healthcare burden.

RESULTS
The study found that 14 % of pediatric Brain tumors ‘patients at our institute experienced treatment abandonment during their course of care. Factors contributing to treatment abandonment included financial constraints (34 %), lack of awareness about the importance of treatment adherence (26 %), distance to healthcare facilities (20%), and cultural beliefs (20). The impact of treatment abandonment on disease progression and patient outcomes was substantial, with [58 % p value &lt;0.01}. By understanding the complex factors contributing to treatment abandonment in Egyptian pediatric cancer patients, healthcare providers and policymakers can implement targeted interventions to improve treatment adherence, enhance patient outcomes, and reduce the burden of pediatric cancer in Egypt.
LGGL-02 NURSING CONSIDERATIONS FOR PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH PONTINE GLIOMAS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN THE NAIROBI HOSPITAL AND KENYA
Authors: Chumo Felix 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

INTRODUCTION
Pontine gliomas, aggressive brain tumors predominantly affecting pediatric patients, pose limited treatment options and a grim prognosis, emphasizing the crucial role of nursing care for comprehensive patient and family support. This abstract explores nursing considerations for pediatric pontine glioma patients at The Nairobi Hospital, contrasting them with broader healthcare practices in Kenya.

METHODS
A thorough literature review focused on nursing practices for pediatric pontine glioma patients, utilizing peer-reviewed journals, healthcare guidelines, expert opinions, and textbooks. Key areas included vital observations, parental support strategies, patient and family empowerment initiatives, palliative care approaches, and nursing intervention impact on outcomes and family satisfaction.

RESULTS
The analysis highlighted nursing considerations at The Nairobi Hospital, where a patient-centered approach and proactive vital observations were evident. Nurses monitored health status pre-radiotherapy, adjusting care plans promptly. End-of-life care showcased comprehensive palliative support and bereavement guidance, contrasting varied national practices, underscoring the need for standardized protocols and enhanced training nationwide

CONCLUSION
Nursing care’s pivotal role in optimizing outcomes and quality of life for pediatric pontine glioma patients and families was emphasized. The study’s implications extend to healthcare policy, education, and practice, stressing collaborative efforts to improve standards and patient outcomes.
LGGL-03 TREATMENT OUTCOMES ON OPTIC GLIOMA: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Obat Michelle , Muma Sarah 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
11 year old male presented in December 2021 with complaints of headache and visual impairment. On examination [he had] multiple freckles in the right axilla and cafe au lait lesions all over his body with largest being 3cm in the inguinal region. Pretreatment MRI showed minimally enhancing mass seen in the optic chiasm extending anteriorly into the distal optic nerves bilaterally and the optic tract posteriorly with extensive vasogenic edema along the optic pathway into the lateral thalamus and extending into the bilateral lentiform nuclei. H-MR spectroscopy of the mass demonstrated a choline peak. Findings in keeping with optic pathway glioma. The baseline fundoscopy showed a normal anterior segment, slightly pale disc on the posterior segment. The patient was commenced on weekly Vinblastine via chemo port. At 24 weeks of treatment patient was assessed MRI and fundoscopy. MRI showed a mild interval decrease in size of lobulated mass lesion involving the optic chiasma, bilateral optic nerves up to intraorbital segments and optic tracts. The lesion also involves the infundibular stalk and tuber cinereum. No interval change in hyperintense T2/FLAIR signal with no enhancement seen at the lateral geniculate bodies, hippocampi, bilateral lentiform nuclei and lateral thalami. He completed 72 weeks of Vinblastine with good clinical Response. NF 1 can cause tumors to form and optic nerve gliomas that may occur in about 15 percent of children with this disease in about 2/3 of the time the tumors stop growing and disappears however there are some tumors that may require treatment.
MNGA-02 MENINGIOMA WITH CONTROLATERAL SUB-DURAL HEMATOMA: CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: DOSSOU Mèhomè Wilfried , KAKOU Medard , MEMIA-ZOLO Daniel , PUGET Stéphanie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Meningiomas account for around 20% of primary intracranial tumors. It is the most common benign brain tumor. The association of meningiomas with subdural hematoma is rare, and very few cases have been reported in the literature. The pathophysiological mechanisms are not yet fully understood. We therefore report a case of chronic subdural haematoma associated with a meningioma and review the relevant literature.

CASE PRESENTATION
A 72-year-old patient with known hypertension and a right basifrontal lesion discovered a few months previously. He was brought to emergency by his daughter for multiple comitial seizures and confusion. On clinical examination, the patient was conscious but confused, with anosmia and no sensory or motor deficits. A brain scan and MRI revealed a right parasagittal basifrontal meningioma associated with a chronic left subdural hematoma. The patient had no coagulation disorders. He underwent removal of the meningioma using a bifrontal approach, cranialisation of the sinuses, and drainage of the hematoma using an external subdural shunt. The postoperative course was favorable. Post-operative imaging showed satisfactory Simpson 1 resection and good drainage. The anatomopathological examination concluded that the meningioma had a meningothelial morphological subtype of doubtful invasiveness, suggesting a grade 2 invasive meningioma or a grade 1 meningothelial meningioma. No additional treatment was required.

CONCLUSION
The presence of a meningioma should always be suspected in the presence of an acute non-traumatic subdural hematoma. To obtain a more comprehensive pathophysiological explanation of the association, a meta-analysis involving a larger number of cases and a larger series would be necessary.
MNGA-06 MANAGEMENT OF FORAMEN MAGNUM TUMORS, EXPERIENCE OF THE SERVICE OF THE ARRAZI HOSPITAL OF THE CHU MOHAMMED VI OF MARRAKECH
Authors: Audryck Kasonga Mwambay 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Tumors of the foramen magnum (FM) are intra or extradural expansive processes located in a region, very complex anatomically, limited, according to George and Al. Meningiomas and neuromas are the main tumors encountered intradurally, while extradural ones are mainly represented by chordomas and bone tumors. The objective of this work was to study the radio-clinical and anatomopathological characteristics, the place of surgery in the therapeutic management, as well as the prognostic factors of this pathological entity through a series of 10 cases collected at the service of Neurosurgery of the Mohamed VI of Marrakech, with literature review. The FM, unusual seat of expansive processes, gives passage to several vital anatomical structures which make the gravity and the particularity of this pathological entity. The preposterous clinical symptomatology, where no sign is pathognomonic, can simulate several other neurological disorders. MRI is the most useful and least invasive examination for the diagnosis and management of foramen magnum tumors. The optimal therapeutic option is total excision of the tumour. However, given the location, nature and tumor volume as well as the involvement of the vertebral artery, the surgical procedure may be limited to subtotal excision. Several surgical approaches have been described to increase efficiency and minimize operative morbidity. A midline posterior approach combined with microsurgical techniques yields good results. Postoperative complications can be dramatic and should be anticipated. The histological spectrum essentially includes meningiomas and neuromas. The prognosis largely depends on the early diagnosis and treatment, the preoperative neurological state, the location and extent of tumor excision, as well as the quality of care provided postoperatively.
MTAS-02 PREDICTORS OF BRAIN METASTASIS IN CANCER PATIENTS IN CAMEROON
Authors: Nganje Frida Embolo , Obi-Asu Eno-Ma , Fonkem Ekokobe 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Cancer still remains one of the leading causes of death globally, with higher burden faced by low- and middle-income countries. A third of all brain tumors are attributed to metastatic disease. However, in Cameroon, there is scarcity of data assessing predicting factors associated with brain metastasis patients.

METHODS
We conducted a review of patient records from the 1/1/2020 to 31/12/2023 at the oncology center in Douala, Cameroon. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess for potential predictors associated with brain metastasis.

RESULTS
Overall, 1500 patient charts were reviewed. A total of 229 charts (15.3%) were complete. Majority of patients were female 159(69.4%), and the mean age was 52.2 (SD=15.7). The proportion of cancer patients with brain metastasis was 15.7%(n=36), with breast cancer accounting most for metastasis 17(47.2%). Age and primary tumor size were the factors significantly (p =0.033 and p= 0.037 respectively) associated with brain metastasis.

CONCLUSION
Brain metastasis was common in patients with breast cancer. Age and primary tumor size play a key role in predicting development of brain metastasis in this study group.

LIMITATIONS
1. Majority of reviewed charts had incomplete information. 2. Retrospective nature of the study. 3. Single center study.
OTHR-01 HISTOLOGICAL TYPES OF BRAIN TUMORS DIAGNOSED AT THE KENYATTA NATIONAL HOSPITAL BETWEEN 2016 AND 2019: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Gesaka Samwel , Okemwa Parmenas , Mwachaka Philip 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To determine the histological types of brain tumors (BTs) diagnosed at the Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH), Nairobi, Kenya.

METHODS
This retrospective study retrieved patient-archived records at KNH for the period 2016–2019. The histological types of brain tumors were assessed according to age, sex, and the WHO classification for CNS tumors.

RESULTS
During the study period, brain tumors appeared to increase gradually; however, there was a decline in 2018. During the study period, 345 brain tumor records were retrieved. Data on age were missing 33 records; hence, 312 records were included for age analyses. The mean age for the pediatrics and adults was 9 (± 5 SD) and 45 (± 14 SD) years, respectively. 88 (28.2%) and 224 (71.8%) tumors were diagnosed among pediatrics and adults, respectively. Overall, two peaks were observed in patients aged 5–15 years and 40–45 years. Gliomas, 43 (48.9%) and medulloblastomas, 21 (23.9%) were the most common tumors in pediatrics, whereas meningiomas, 107 (47.8%) and gliomas, 70 (31.3%) were the most common tumors in adults. Most pediatric and adult tumors were benign with 50 (56.8%) and 157 (70.1%) cases, respectively. Low-grade gliomas and medulloblastoma were the commonest benign and malignant tumors among pediatrics, with 31 (62%) and 21 (55.3%) cases, respectively. Conversely, meningiomas and high-grade gliomas were the most common benign and malignant tumors in adults, with 106 (67.5%) and 44 (65.7%) cases, respectively.

CONCLUSION
This study highlights the existing burden of brain tumors in Kenya and data from KNH may be representative of the national burden of BTs. This study lays a foundation for subsequent clinical and epidemiological studies and emphasizes the need to adopt existing reporting standards to help realize a complete picture of the burden of brain tumors in Kenya.
OTHR-05 FEASIBILITY STUDY ON BRAIN TUMOR BIOBANKING AND REGISTRY IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN COUNTRIES: A QUESTIONNAIRE-BASED SURVEY
Authors: Odukoya Lateef A , Kamson David O , Eckel-Passow Jeanette E , Ghomsi Nathalie C , Jenkins Robert B , Schroeder Kristin , Fonkem Ekokobe , Cheserem Beverly , Zerd Francis ,   (BTCA) The Brain Tumor Consortium for Africa
Published: October 2024

Abstract

INTRODUCTION
Brain tumors constitute significant morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Improvements in neuro-oncology practice and research have seen increased diagnosis of brain tumors. However, to our knowledge, there have been no previous projects on brain tumor genetics in SSA. To understand the feasibility of developing brain tumor biobanking and registries, this project aims to start by mapping out the current neuro-oncology capacity in terms of workforce and available services.

METHODOLOGY
We will conduct a descriptive questionnaire-based online survey among a cross section of neuro-oncology practitioners spread across SSA countries. The dissemination of the survey questionnaire will be facilitated by the Society for Neuro-oncology in SSA (SNOSSA). The Google designed questionnaire will capture information on the distribution, and number of available neuro-oncology care practitioners, capacity for brain tumor diagnosis and management, cancer registration, tumor biobanking, and research.

CLINICAL IMPACT AND CONCLUSION
This study will generate robust data from SSA, which can be used to improve future research and promote advocacy towards brain tumor diagnosis and management. This work will also serve as a pilot study for subsequent research that will focus on the development of brain tumor-specific registries and biorepositories in SSA.
OTHR-09 EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BRAIN TUMORS IN ZIMBABWE
Authors: Chingonzo Kuzivakwashe , Kalangu Kazadi , Zimani Nathaniel , Dzowa Maximilian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
Brain tumors, while rare, cause significant morbidity and mortality across all ages. This study was done to help understand the age and sex distribution of the common brain cancers diagnosed in Zimbabwe.

METHODS
A retrospective descriptive analysis was done of the epidemiology of brain tumor cases presenting over the past 5years at a single center in Zimbabwe.

RESULTS
The Total number of brain tumor cases attended to during this period was 162. Of these, 26% (42cases) were meningiomas, while 18.3% (30cases) were pituitary tumors. 12% (20cases) were posterior fossa tumors. 35 cases (22%) were unclassified brain tumors. Other brain tumors which were noted were glioma (8), craniopharyngioma (4), ependymoma (3), lymphoma (2) as well as confirmed metastatic disease (6). Meningiomas had a male to female ratio of 1:2, with a peak incidence of 40-50years (35%) whilst pituitary tumors had a 1:1 male to female ratio with 54% presenting between 30-50years. Posterior fossa tumors are most common in children and adolescents, with 53% of the cases presenting below the age of 20. They have a 1:1 ratio between males and females.

CONCLUSION
Most brain tumors had an equal distribution between males and females with the exception of meningioma which have a 1:2 male:female ratio. In the young and adolescents posterior fossa tumors are the commonest, with pituitary tumors and meningiomas being more common between 30-50years.