bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teilchenbewegung und Berge
Authors: Loos Andreas 
Published: January 2017

AbstractZyniker sagen, nichts sei besser für Nachruhm als ein früher Tod, und sie ziehen als Belege Menschen wie Evariste Galois, Henry Moseley oder Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart heran. Mit dem Gesuchten, übrigens einem Landsmann Mozarts, kann man jedoch eher das Gegenteil belegen: Als bekannter und erfolgreicher Wissenschaftler ereilt ihn aufgrund einer Ruhrinfektion mit 45 Jahren der Tod – und er gerät umgehend fast völlig in Vergessenheit.
Weiche Festkörper
Authors: Vilgis Thomas 
Published: January 2017

AbstractGele gehören zum Standardrepertoire in der Küche. Der hochkonzentrierte Geschmack in einen weichen Festkörper gepackt, entpuppt sich im Mund als eine an Physik gekoppelte Sensorik, wenn Elastizität, Brucheigenschaften und Geschmacksfreigabe gekoppelt werden. Die Gelierung ist dabei eng an einen mehrstufigen molekularen Prozess geknüpft.
Quasiteilchen in Zeitlupe
Authors: Schmidt Richard , Knap Michael 
Published: January 2017

AbstractQuasiteilchen sind fundamentale Bausteine komplexer Vielteilchensysteme. Doch welche Prozesse laufen ab, um ein Quasiteilchen zu bilden? In einer aktuellen Studie [1] ist es unserer internationalen Kooperation gelungen, die Entstehung eines Quasiteilchens in Echtzeit zu beobachten. Dazu wurden Methoden der Atomuhren auf ultrakalte Quantengase angewendet.
Quantenteleportation im städtischen Glasfasernetzwerk
Authors: Tittel Wolfgang 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDie Möglichkeit, unbekannte Quantenzustände von einem Quantenteilchen auf ein anderes zu teleportieren, hat schon immer fasziniert. Diese verblüffende Art der Übertragung ermöglicht zudem die Realisierung zukünftiger Quantenverstärker und Quantennetzwerke. Unserer Gruppe ist kürzlich die Teleportation mit Photonen außerhalb eines Labors, nämlich im Glasfasernetz der Stadt Calgary in Kanada gelungen [1]. Ein ähnliches Experiment realisierte ein Forscherteam in Hefei, China [2].
Akustische Hologramme steuern Partikel
Authors: Melde Kai , Qiu Tian , Mark Andrew , Fischer Peer 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHologramme sind vor allem im optischen Bereich zur Darstellung räumlicher Bilder bekannt. Das Prinzip lässt sich aber auf andere Wellenvorgänge übertragen. Das von unserer Gruppe am Max‐Planck‐Institut für Intelligente Systeme in Stuttgart entwickelte akustische Hologramm ist ein neues Bauelement, das Schallwellen in bisher unerreichter Komplexität und Auflösung formen kann [1]. Es funktioniert sowohl in Transmission als auch Reflexion und eignet sich besonders gut für Ultraschall.
Epidemiological and clinical aspects of neonatal tetanus from a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Aqeel Ali Y. , Arishi Haider M. , Ageel Hussain I. , Arishi Nouriyah H. 
Published: January 2017

Background and objectives:
To study the epidemiology, clinical presentation and outcome of all patients diagnosed with neonatal tetanus and to provide a recommendation for maternal and neonatal tetanus elimination.

Design and setting:
Retrospective study of all cases of neonatal tetanus admitted from 1991 to 2013. Neonatal intensive care unit, King Fahad Central Hospital, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.

Results:
Thirty patients were diagnosed with neonatal tetanus over 22 years. Eighteen (60%) of the patients were born to Saudi mothers, and 12 (40%) were born to non-Saudi mothers. Twenty-seven (90%) deliveries occurred at home. Most of the mothers lived in the mountainous zone of the region. Two (10%) of the mothers had only a single dose of the tetanus toxoid; the status of the remaining pregnant women was unknown or unimmunized before or during conception. In 18 of the 30 patients (60%), the umbilical cord was severed using household knife, razor blade or plain scissors. Most of the patients presented with muscle spasms (96.7%), refusal to eat and abnormal posture. All of the patients were intubated and receiving mechanical ventilation. Six (20%) of the patients died.

Conclusion:
It is essential to begin campaigns or integrate complete maternal tetanus toxoid immunization at primary health centers (PHC) during antenatal care. Immunization needs to be arranged so pregnant women can be educated regarding the importance of ANC and the risks of unhygienic home delivery, and immunization should be addressed with adequate information. Pregnant women and those of childbearing age in mountainous areas should be the first targets for these activities.
Plasma concentrations of free amyloid β cannot predict the development of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Lövheim Hugo , Elgh Fredrik , Johansson Anders , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Hallmans Göran , Eriksson Sture 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIntroductionBiomarkers that identify individuals at risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) development would be highly valuable. Plasma concentration of amyloid β (Aβ)—central in the pathogenesis of AD—is a logical candidate, but studies to date have produced conflicting results on its utility.MethodsPlasma samples from 339 preclinical AD cases (76.4% women, mean age 61.3 years) and 339 age‐ and sex‐matched dementia‐free controls, taken an average of 9.4 years before AD diagnosis, were analyzed using Luminex xMAP technology and INNO‐BIA plasma Aβ form assays to determine concentrations of free plasma Aβ40 and Aβ42.ResultsPlasma concentrations of free Aβ40 and Aβ42 did not differ between preclinical AD cases and dementia‐free controls, in the full sample or in subgroups defined according to sex and age group (<60 and ≥ 60 years). The interval between sampling and AD diagnosis did not affect the results. Aβ concentrations did not change in the years preceding AD diagnosis among individuals for whom longitudinal samples were available.DiscussionPlasma concentrations of free Aβ could not predict the development of clinical AD, and Aβ concentrations did not change in the years preceding AD diagnosis in this sample. These results indicate that free plasma Aβ is not a useful biomarker for the identification of individuals at risk of developing clinical AD.
Strengthening of Quadriceps by Neuromuscular Magnetic Stimulation in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Yang Shin‐seung , Jee Sungju , Hwang Seon Lyul , Sohn Min Kyun 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundQuadriceps muscle strengthening is one of the rehabilitation strategies for improving walking in some people with gait impairments, and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has been used for that reason. The strengthening effect of neuromuscular magnetic stimulation (NMMS) on the quadriceps has been demonstrated in various conditions, but not specifically for gait training. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the effect of NMMS is clinically applicable.ObjectiveTo determine the effect of NMMS on quadriceps muscle strength, cross‐sectional area (CSA) and thickness in healthy subjects.DesignSingle‐blind, prospective, case‐control study.SettingTertiary academic hospital setting.ParticipantsA total of 40 healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to an NMMS (n = 20) or control group (n = 20).InterventionsFifteen minutes of quadriceps NMMS of at maximum tolerable intensity, 3 times per week for 5 weeks.Main Outcome MeasurementsAt baseline and after the intervention, the CSA and thicknesses of the rectus femoris and vastus intermedius were measured by ultrasound. Isometric and isokinetic maximal and average peak torques of the dominant side knee extensors were also measured at pre‐ and postintervention.ResultsThere were no between‐group differences in strength, CSA, or muscle thickness at baseline. Isometric maximum and average peak torque of NMMS group were increased significantly after 5 weeks of intervention (P < .001). The isokinetic maximum and average peak torque of NMMS group were increased significantly at both angle velocities of 60°/sec and 120°/sec after 5 weeks of intervention (P < .001). However, neither group showed a significant difference in cross‐sectional area or thickness after training.ConclusionNMMS can be a useful strengthening method for large skeletal muscles such as the quadriceps.Level of EvidenceII
Combined Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Vision Restoration Training in Subacute Stroke Rehabilitation: A Pilot Study
Authors: Alber Raimund , Moser Hermann , Gall Carolin , Sabel Bernhard A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundVisual field defects after posterior cerebral artery stroke can be improved by vision restoration training (VRT), but when combined with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), which alters brain excitability, vision recovery can be potentiated in the chronic stage. To date, the combination of VRT and tDCS has not been evaluated in postacute stroke rehabilitation.ObjectivesTo determine whether combined tDCS and VRT can be effectively implemented in the early recovery phase following stroke, and to explore the feasibility, safety and efficacy of an early intervention.DesignOpen‐label pilot study including a case series of 7 tDCS/VRT versus a convenience sample of 7 control patients (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02935413).SettingRehabilitation center.SubjectsPatients with homonymous visual field defects following a posterior cerebral artery stroke.MethodsSeven homonymous hemianopia patients were prospectively treated with 10 sessions of combined tDCS (2.mA, 10 daily sessions of 20 minutes) and VRT at 66 (±50) days on average poststroke. Visual field recovery was compared with the retrospective data of 7 controls, whose defect sizes and age of lesions were matched to those of the experimental subjects and who had received standard rehabilitation with compensatory eye movement and exploration training.ResultsAll 7 patients in the treatment group completed the treatment protocol. The safety and acceptance were excellent, and patients reported occasional skin itching beneath the electrodes as the only minor side effect. Irrespective of their treatment, both groups (treatment and control) showed improved visual fields as documented by an increased mean sensitivity threshold in decibels in standard static perimetry. Recovery was significantly greater (P < .05) in the tDCS/VRT patients (36.73% ± 37.0%) than in the controls (10.74% ± 8.86%).ConclusionIn this open‐label pilot study, tDCS/VRT in subacute stroke was demonstrated to be safe, with excellent applicability and acceptance of the treatment. Preliminary effectiveness calculations show that tDCS/VRT may be superior to standard vision training procedures. A confirmatory, larger‐sample, controlled, randomized, and double‐blind trial is now underway to compare real‐tDCS− versus sham‐tDCS−supported visual field training in the early vision rehabilitation phase.Level of EvidenceIV
Patient‐Centered Goal Setting in a Hospital‐Based Outpatient Stroke Rehabilitation Center
Authors: Rice Danielle B. , McIntyre Amanda , Mirkowski Magdalena , Janzen Shannon , Viana Ricardo , Britt Eileen , Teasell Robert 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundGoal‐setting can have a positive impact on stroke recovery during rehabilitation. Patient participation in goal formulation can ensure that personally relevant goals are set, and can result in greater satisfaction with the rehabilitation experience, along with improved recovery of stroke deficits. This, however, not yet been studied in a stroke outpatient rehabilitation setting.ObjectiveTo assess patient satisfaction of meeting self‐selected goals during outpatient rehabilitation following a stroke.DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingStroke patients enrolled in a multidisciplinary outpatient rehabilitation program, who set at least 1 goal during rehabilitation.ParticipantsPatients recovering from a stroke received therapy through the outpatient rehabilitation program between January 2010 and December 2013.MethodsUpon admission and discharge from rehabilitation, patients rated their satisfaction with their ability to perform goals that they wanted to achieve. Researchers independently sorted and labeled recurrent themes of goals. Goals were further sorted into International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) categories. To compare the perception of patients' goal satisfaction, repeated‐measures analysis of variance was conducted across the 3 ICF goal categorizations.Main Outcome MeasureGoal satisfaction scores.ResultsA total of 286 patients were included in the analysis. Patient goals concentrated on themes of improving hand function, mobility, and cognition. Goals were also sorted into ICF categories in which impairment‐based and activity limitation−based goals were predominant. Compared to activity‐based and participation‐based goals, patients with impairment‐based goals perceived greater satisfaction with meeting their goals at admission and discharge (P < .001). Patient satisfaction in meeting their first‐, second‐, and third‐listed goals each significantly improved by discharge from the rehabilitation program (P < .001).ConclusionWithin an outpatient stroke rehabilitation setting, patients set heterogeneous goals that were predominantly impairment based. Satisfaction in achieving goals significantly improved after receiving therapy. The type of goals that patients set were related to their goal satisfaction scores, with impairment‐based goals being rated significantly higher than activity‐based and participation‐based goals.Level of EvidenceIII
The Course of Concussion Recovery in Children 6‐12 Years of Age: Experience From an Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation Clinic
Authors: Risen Sarah R. , Reesman Jennifer , Yenokyan Gayane , Slomine Beth S. , Suskauer Stacy J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundCurrent concussion evidence is derived largely from teenagers and adults. Concussion in younger children occurs within the context of neuromaturation, with differing age‐based pathophysiological responses to injury. Therefore, our current understanding of concussion in older children and adults is unlikely to directly apply to younger children.ObjectiveTo describe patient variables, clinical course, and factors associated with time to discharge from concussion care in children 6‐12 years of age with concussion treated in an interdisciplinary rehabilitation‐based concussion clinic.DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingInterdisciplinary concussion clinic at an academically affiliated rehabilitation center.PatientsChildren aged 6‐12 years (n = 105; mean 10.8 years of age, 70% male) seen within 60 days of concussive injury.Main Outcome MeasurementsDescriptive statistics explored demographic, injury, and clinical features. The primary outcome measure, time to discharge from concussion care, was estimated with survival‐analysis methods based on the date of discharge from the clinic. Multivariate models were used to examine factors associated with longer time to discharge.ResultsMedian time to discharge was 34 days postinjury (range 5‐192 days); 75% of children were discharged within 60 days of injury. A minority reported persisting symptoms at discharge. Younger age and increased symptom burden at initial evaluation predicted longer time to discharge.ConclusionsAlthough children 6‐12 years old treated in a specialty concussion clinic show variability in time to discharge from concussion care, most were discharged within 2 months after injury. Risk factors for prolonged recovery, such as younger age and greater symptom burden at initial visit, can be used when counseling families and planning interventions. There may be varying contributions, including psychosocial stressors, to ongoing symptoms in children who experience persisting symptoms after other concussion‐related concerns have resolved. Future work focused on the subset of children who report persisting symptoms will be useful for developing an evidence base related to their care.Level of EvidenceII
Long‐Term Dosing of Intrathecal Baclofen in the Treatment of Spasticity After Acquired Brain Injury
Authors: Maneyapanda Mithra B. , McCormick Zachary L. , Marciniak Christina , Reger Christopher 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundIntrathecal baclofen (ITB) often is used to treat severe spasticity of cerebral origin. Although literature exists regarding the efficacy of ITB, there has been minimal investigation related to dosing in the adult‐acquired brain injury population, particularly at long‐term duration.ObjectiveTo investigate long‐term dosing of ITB in adult patients with spasticity of cerebral origin due traumatic brain injury (TBI), stroke, and hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingAn academic outpatient rehabilitation clinic.PatientsForty‐two adult patients with spasticity secondary to TBI, stroke, or HIE treated with ITB for greater than 3 years.MethodsMedical records and device manufacturer records of included patients were reviewed to obtain demographic data, dosing information, dates of pump and catheter placements, and revisions.Main Outcome MeasureAverage daily ITB doses and mean change in ITB dose over 1, 2, and 3 years. Goal of ITB treatment (active function versus comfort/care/positioning) also was compared.ResultsOf 42 total patients, spasticity was attributed to either TBI (n = 19), stroke (n = 11), or HIE (n = 12). The mean (standard deviation) age was 35.21 (10.17), 56.7 (13.1), and 35.1 (12.4) years for the TBI, stroke, and HIE groups, respectively (P < .001). There was a significant difference in the goal of therapy with “improving functional independence,” accounting for 27.8%, 72.8%, and 0% in the TBI, stroke, and HIE groups, respectively (P = .002). The mean duration of ITB therapy was 8.5 (5.0), 7.8 (3.4), and 9.1 (4.6) years in the TBI, stroke, and HIE groups, respectively (P = .79). The mean daily ITB dose was 596.9 (322.8) μg/d, 513.2 (405.7) μg/d, and 705.2 (271.7) μg/d for the TBI, stroke, and HIE groups, respectively (P = .39). In the subset of the cohort with ITB therapy for more than 5 years, the mean percent change in daily ITB dose between time of chart review and 1, 2, and 3 years previously was 7.3% (13.6), 12.7% (16), and 24.7% (50.3), respectively. A complex dosing pattern was used more frequently in those with stroke (36.4%) compared with the TBI and HIE (9.7%) groups (P = .04).ConclusionDespite the long‐term use of ITB therapy in this cohort, the mean daily dose of ITB continued to require adjustments. There was no significant difference in the mean daily dose between patients with a diagnosis of TBI, stroke, or HIE. A complex dosing pattern was used more frequently in patients with stroke.Level of EvidenceIII
Return to the Primary Acute Care Service Among Patients With Multiple Myeloma on an Acute Inpatient Rehabilitation Unit
Authors: Fu Jack B. , Lee Jay , Shin Ben C. , Silver Julie K. , Smith Dennis W. , Shah Jatin J. , Bruera Eduardo 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundPancytopenia, immunosuppression, and other factors may place patients with multiple myeloma at risk for medical complications. These patients often require inpatient rehabilitation. No previous studies have looked at risk factors for return to the primary acute care service of this patient population.ObjectiveTo determine the percentage of and factors associated with return to the primary acute care service of multiple myeloma rehabilitation inpatients.DesignRetrospective review.SettingAcute inpatient rehabilitation unit within a National Cancer Institute Comprehensive Cancer Center.ParticipantsAll patients with multiple myeloma admitted to the inpatient rehabilitation unit between March 1, 2004, and February 28, 2015.Main Outcome MeasuresReturn to the primary acute care service was analyzed with demographic information, multiple myeloma characteristics, medications, laboratory values, and hospital admission characteristics.ResultsOne hundred forty‐three inpatient rehabilitation admissions were found during the study period. After we removed multiple admissions of the same patients and planned transfers to the primary acute care service, 122 admissions were analyzed. Thirty‐two (26%) patients transferred back to the primary acute care service for unplanned reasons. Multivariate analysis revealed male gender and thrombocytopenia as significantly associated with return to the primary acute care service. The median survival of patients who transferred back to the inpatient primary acute care service was 180 days versus 550 days for those who did not (P < .001).ConclusionBecause of their medical fragility, clinicians caring for rehabilitation inpatients with multiple myeloma should maintain close contact with the primary oncology service. Factors associated with an increased risk of transfer back to the primary acute care service include male gender and thrombocytopenia.Level of EvidenceIV
The Zadko Telescope: Exploring the Transient Universe
Authors: Coward D. M. , Gendre B. , Tanga P. , Turpin D. , Zadko J. , Dodson R. , Devogéle M. , Howell E. J. , Kennewell J. A. , Boër M. , Klotz A. , Dornic D. , Moore J. A. , Heary A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe Zadko telescope is a 1 m f/4 Cassegrain telescope, situated in the state of Western Australia about 80-km north of Perth. The facility plays a niche role in Australian astronomy, as it is the only meter class facility in Australia dedicated to automated follow-up imaging of alerts or triggers received from different external instruments/detectors spanning the entire electromagnetic spectrum. Furthermore, the location of the facility at a longitude not covered by other meter class facilities provides an important resource for time critical projects. This paper reviews the status of the Zadko facility and science projects since it began robotic operations in March 2010. We report on major upgrades to the infrastructure and equipment (2012–2014) that has resulted in significantly improved robotic operations. Second, we review the core science projects, which include automated rapid follow-up of gamma ray burst (GRB) optical afterglows, imaging of neutrino counterpart candidates from the ANTARES neutrino observatory, photometry of rare (Barbarian) asteroids, supernovae searches in nearby galaxies. Finally, we discuss participation in newly commencing international projects, including the optical follow-up of gravitational wave (GW) candidates from the United States and European GW observatory network and present first tests for very low latency follow-up of fast radio bursts. In the context of these projects, we outline plans for a future upgrade that will optimise the facility for alert triggered imaging from the radio, optical, high-energy, neutrino, and GW bands.