bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les débuts du programme électronucléaire français (1945-1974) : de l’exploratoire à l’industriel
Authors: Le Renard Claire 
Published: August 2017

Le 6 mars 1974, le Premier ministre P. Messmer présentait ainsi le plan gouvernemental sur l’énergie : « Notre grande chance c’est l’énergie électrique d’origine nucléaire parce que nous avons une bonne expérience dans tout cela. » Cet article de synthèse effectue un retour sur des choix progressifs qui ont fixé, bien avant 1974, les contours du programme électronucléaire français, avec une attention conjointe aux développements technologiques et aux lieux où ils ont été discutés et décidés. Nous proposons trois périodes schématiques : d’abord, de l’après-guerre au milieu des années 1960, la « grandeur de la France » était centrale pour les « pionniers du nucléaire » dans une époque d’expérimentations technologiques. Dans la deuxième période, les coûts étaient l’objet d’une attention particulière, dans un débat sur les filières à choisir pour un programme électronucléaire industriel – dont la troisième période vit la montée en puissance. Nous discutons le caractère « français » ou « européen » attribué à certains développements.
Le Conservatoire du littoral, quarante ans après : quel bilan et quelles perspectives ?
Authors: Joveniaux Aurélie 
Published: August 2017

En 1975 était créé le Conservatoire du littoral (CDL), un établissement public national français chargé de mener une politique de protection foncière des espaces naturels littoraux, en association avec les collectivités. Après quarante ans d’action, alors qu’il se trouve à mi-chemin de son objectif phare de préservation d’un « tiers naturel » du littoral d’ici 2050 et alors qu’il a publié en 2015 une nouvelle stratégie d’intervention à long terme, cet article se propose de dresser un bilan et des perspectives. Comment le CDL est-il parvenu à mener une politique concertée et partenariale sur des territoires littoraux soumis à de multiples convoitises et conflits ? Avec quels résultats ? Face à des enjeux qui se multiplient (pressions humaines croissantes, saturation de l’espace, changement climatique et risques côtiers), quels horizons pour le CDL ? La place et la légitimité qu’il a acquises lui permettent-elles de peser plus fortement dans le devenir des territoires littoraux ? Son action pourrait-elle devenir plus difficile et conflictuelle ?
Les prépositions devant les noms de région et de département français
Authors: Leeman Danielle , Falaise Achille 
Published: August 2017

Cet article a pour objectif de déterminer le comportement des noms de région et de département français avec les prépositions. Il s’appuie sur un corpus diachronique de 21 millions de mots constitué à partir du journal Le Monde , de commentaires publiés sur le site de TripAdvisor et de sites Web d’offices de tourisme. Le recours à la théorie guillaumienne permet d’expliquer la combinatoire observée, ainsi que les mutations dans les emplois.
D’une encyclopédie à l’autre. L’ascension des locutions prépositionnelles
Authors: Blumenthal Peter 
Published: August 2017

En comparant, d’un point de vue stylistique et cognitif, l’ Encyclopédie de Diderot ( xviii e s.) et l’ Encyclopædia Universalis (début du xxi e s.), on découvre des différences profondes dans l’organisation du texte et la manière d’argumenter. Nous nous proposons d’interpréter les phénomènes linguistiques apparus dans l’ouvrage moderne à un double niveau : comme effets de nouveaux courants épistémologiques et comme éléments d’une stratégie permettant d’informer efficacement malgré la complexité du thème. Dans les deux cas, le même petit groupe de locutions prépositionnelles sert de vecteur à la manifestation des nouvelles structures.
Die moeder-kind-verhouding by kinders met 'n gesplete lip en/of verhemelte en minimale-brein disfunksie
Authors: Steenekamp Ronél 
Published: August 2017

Die doel van hierdie studie is om die invloed van 'n fisies waarneembare afwyking en'n fisies nie-waarneembare afwyking op die moeder-kind-verhouding na te gaan. Die moeder-kind-verhouding by twee verskillende afwykings nl. gesplete lip en/of verhemelte en minimale-brein-disfunksie is bestudeer. Die verhouding tussen die moeder en haar kind is 'n kritiese faktor in die algemene ontwikkeling van die kind. Die kwaliteit van die verhouding kan 'n invloed hê op latere verhoudinge wat die kind in sy lewe aangaan. Daar is gevind dat pre-, peri- en postnatalegebeure hierdie verhouding kan beïnvloed. 'n Werkhipotese is gestel nl. dat die moeder-kind-verhouding betekenisvol swakker is by die ondersoekgroepe as die van die kontrolegroep. Ten einde die hipotese te bewys is "The Mother-Child-Relationship Evaluation"-vraelys ingevul deur moeders met kinders met die genoemde afwykings. Daar is egter gevind dat daar nie 'n beduidende verskil is in die moeder-kind-verhouding van moeders met kinders wat 'n gesplete lip en/of verhemelte het nie. Moeders met kinders met minimale-brein-disfunksie, is egter geneig om dié kinders te verwerp.
Intercâmbios agroecológicos: processos e práticas de construção da agroecologia e da educação do campo na zona da mata mineira
Authors: Zanelli Fabrício Vassalli , Silva Lourdes Helena da 
Published: August 2017

A Educação do Campo vem se consolidando no Brasil, nas últimas décadas, como um paradigma educacional emancipador, protagonizado pelos povos do campo. Também a agroecologia, nesse período, vem se afirmando enquanto ciência, movimento e prática em defesa do desenvolvimento de uma agricultura ecológica, com a autonomia dos sujeitos que a praticam. Na atualidade da sociedade brasileira, a Educação do Campo e a Agroecologia têm, assim, revelado nítidas convergências. São movimentos, conceitos e práticas que, compartilhando uma concepção de campo, projetam um horizonte de libertação e de transformação social; conferem centralidade ao papel exercido por seus sujeitos sociais; valorizam os conhecimentos e práticas historicamente acumulados e, dessa maneira, contrapõem-se às concepções e ideologias que estigmatizam o campo como lugar de atraso e de ausências. No presente artigo, parte integrante de uma pesquisa sobre a formação de agricultores agroecológicos, buscou-se analisar a experiência dos Intercâmbios Agroecológicos, de maneira a evidenciar alguns limites e potencialidades desta dinâmica de formação em curso na região da Zona da Mata mineira. Na realização desses propósitos, conjugaram-se os procedimentos técnicos de entrevistas semiestruturadas, grupos focais e o método de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados revelam, entre outros aspectos, a existência de um vigoroso processo de construção e socialização de conhecimentos agroecológicos, que tem fortalecido as dinâmicas sociais dos agricultores e impulsionado o desenvolvimento da Educação do Campo e da Agroecologia na região.
Trends and annual cycles in soundings of Arctic tropospheric ozone
Authors: Christiansen Bo , Jepsen Nis , Kivi Rigel , Hansen Georg , Larsen Niels , Korsholm Ulrik Smith 
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Ozone soundings from nine Nordic stations have been homogenized and interpolated to standard pressure levels. The different stations have very different data coverage; the longest period with data is from the end of the 1980s to 2014. At each pressure level the homogenized ozone time series have been analysed with a model that includes both low-frequency variability in the form of a polynomial, an annual cycle with harmonics, the possibility for low-frequency variability in the annual amplitude and phasing, and either white noise or noise given by a first-order autoregressive process. The fitting of the parameters is performed with a Bayesian approach not only giving the mean values but also confidence intervals. The results show that all stations agree on a well-defined annual cycle in the free troposphere with a relatively confined maximum in the early summer. Regarding the low-frequency variability, it is found that Scoresbysund, Ny Ålesund, Sodankylä, Eureka, and Ørland show similar, significant signals with a maximum near 2005 followed by a decrease. This change is characteristic for all pressure levels in the free troposphere. A significant change in the annual cycle was found for Ny Ålesund, Scoresbysund, and Sodankylä. The changes at these stations are in agreement with the interpretation that the early summer maximum is appearing earlier in the year. The results are shown to be robust to the different settings of the model parameters such as the order of the polynomial, number of harmonics in the annual cycle, and the type of noise.
Effect of mannitol on globe and orbital volumes in humans
Authors: Weber Adam C. , Blandford Alexander D. , Costin Bryan R. , Perry Julian D. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose: To determine the effect of intravenous mannitol on globe and orbital volumes. Methods: Retrospective chart review of a consecutive series of Cleveland Clinic Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit patients who underwent computed tomographic imaging before and after intravenous mannitol administration. Volume measurements were performed according to a previously described technique by averaging axial image areas. Measurements before and after mannitol administration were compared using paired t-test. Results: Fourteen patients (28 eyes) met inclusion criteria. Average globe volume decreased 186 mm3 (-2.5%, p = 0.02) after mannitol administration, while average orbital volume increased 353 mm3 (+3.5%, p = 0.04). Average globe volume change for subjects with follow-up scan less than 4.7 hours (mean 1.9 hours; range 0.2-4.5 hours) after mannitol administration was -125 mm3 (-1.7%, p = 0.24) and average orbital volume change was +458 mm3 (+5.1%, p = 0.11). Average globe volume change after mannitol administration for those with follow-up more than 4.7 hours (average 13.9 hours, range 4.9-24.7 hours) was -246 mm3 (-3.3%, p = 0.05) and orbital volume change was +248 mm3 (+2.2%, p = 0.24). Dividing the study population into groups based on mannitol dose did not yield any statistically significant change. Conclusions: Human globe volume decreases after intravenous mannitol administration, while orbital volume increases. These volume changes occur during the time period when intraocular pressure normalizes, after the pressure-lowering effects of the drug. This novel volumetric information improves our understanding of mannitol’s mechanism of action and its effects on human ocular and periocular tissues.
Algorithmic Salvage Techniques in Non-Maturing Radiocephalic Arteriovenous Fistulae with Their Long-Term Patency
Authors: Kordzadeh Ali , Panayiotopolous Yiannis P. 
Published: August 2017

Introduction The aim of this study is to examine the role of five different operative salvage techniques with their long-term primary patency (PP) in an algorithmic manner in gaining primary functional maturation (FM) in radio cephalic arteriovenous fistulae (RCAVF) formation following their impairment. Methods A prospective consecutive data collection on 195 patients undergoing only autogenous RCAVF formation from July 2013 to December 2015 was conducted. Each non-maturing fistula was then exposed to a salvage technique by an algorithmic methodology and their FM and PP was prospectively recorded. Results Forty-two patients were exposed to five different salvages techniques, with a median age of 67 years (IQR, 27-90), cephalic vein diameter of 2 mm (IQR, 1.5-4 mm) and radial artery diameter of 1.8 mm (IQR, 1.2-2.1 mm), demonstrated 63.1% FM and cumulative primary patency of 15.2 months (95% CI, 12.5-17.9) over a 21-month follow-up period. Conclusions Operative salvage techniques play an important role in achieving assisted functional maturation and long-term patency in RCAVF as an alternative and/or in conjunction with other minimally invasive procedures. These procedures can maximize access outcome, minimize bridging procedures, decrease complications and optimize patient anatomical resources for longer access provisions in an era of aging population.
Novel use of the ClariVein® Catheter for Pharmacomechanical Thrombolysis of Thrombosed Hemodialysis Grafts: A Case Series
Authors: Lim Darryl , Ho Derek C. , Chen Lionel , Schreve Michiel A. , Tan Yih Kai , Kum Steven 
Published: August 2017

Introduction The aim of this prospectively collected case series is to demonstrate a novel technique of using the ClariVein® catheter for pharmacomechanical thrombolysis of thrombosed hemodialysis grafts. Methods The analysis comprised 11 procedures in 9 patients from 1 July to 31 December 2016 in which the ClariVein catheter was used in combination with urokinase. Demographic data, procedural data, technical and clinical success rates, and complications were evaluated. The primary and secondary patency rates at 1 and 3 months were also analyzed. Results In the 11 procedures performed, the technical and clinical success was 100%. The mean procedural time was 66.8 minutes (range 50-90 minutes), and the mean amount of urokinase administered was 87,000 units. The primary unassisted patency rates at 1 and 3 months were 81.8% and 63.6%, respectively. The secondary patency rates at 1 and 3 months were 90.9% and 81.8%, respectively. Perforation occurred after balloon angioplasty in 1 (9.1%) of the 11 procedures, for which covered stenting was performed. No major complications occurred. Conclusions The combination use of the ClariVein catheter with urokinase for pharmacomechanical thrombolysis in thrombosed hemodialysis grafts is a feasible and safe method that can be performed in a relatively short duration. Our early results have shown 100% technical and clinical success. This case series serves as a platform for an upcoming prospective study to further evaluate this method.
Potential Role of a Subcutaneously Anchored Securement Device in Preventing Dislodgment of Tunneled-Cuffed Central Venous Devices in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Dolcino Andrea , Salsano Antonio , Dato Andrea , Disma Nicola , Prato Alessio Pini , Bernasconi Filippo , Montagnini Luigi , Avanzini Stefano , Bevilacqua Michela , Montobbio Giovanni , Mattioli Girolamo , Zanaboni Clelia 
Published: August 2017

Introduction The potential drawbacks of tunneled-cuffed catheters are complications such as local or systemic infection, dislodgment, rupture, malfunction, and deep venous thrombosis. Aim of this study is to describe the incidence of complications, focusing on dislodgment and on the role of new securement devices in reducing this annoying issue. Methods We enrolled all pediatric patients with tunneled-cuffed central venous catheters (CVCs) inserted at the Giannina Gaslini Institute during a 16-month period. Demographic data, technical details, intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded and stored in a digital database according to Data Protection Act. Results During the study period, we collected 173 tunneled-cuffed CVCs. All but three insertions were successful. There were 50 complications involving 47 CVCs. Complications included 13 infections, 27 dislodgments, 4 thromboses, 3 obstructions, and 3 malfunctions/breaking. In 51 of 173 CVCs, we used subcutaneously anchored securement device (SAS). Conclusions The use of SAS proved to significantly reduce the incidence of complications in pediatric patients, particularly during the first 30 postoperative days. Basing on our results we suggest to routinely adopt this new securement device for high-risk CVC.
Staging of pulmonary metastases using dual-energy computed tomography after anti-angiogenic therapy
Authors: Altenbernd Jens-Christian , Wetter Axel , Umutlu Lale , Forsting Michael 
Published: August 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was the evaluation of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) for the assessment of pulmonary metastases (PM) after antiangiogentic therapy (AT).Material and methodology: A total of 82 patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), colorectal cancer (CRC), gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were examined before and after AT with DECT of the lung. The number, size, CT densities (HU) of the PM were determined by 2 radiologists in consens in both DECT. The Wilcoxon sign rank test was applied (SPSS, version 21, SPSS, IBM, Chicago, USA).Results: The 82 patients (NSCLC: 32/82; CRC: 34/82; GIST: 10/82; HCC: 6/82) with a total of 201 PM were included. DECT were produced with a time interval of 4 $\pm$ 1 months. Size changes of the metastases: PM total 23 mm vs. 24 mm; p = .1/ NSCLC 22 mm vs. 23 mm; p = .2/ CRC 23 mm vs. 23 mm; p = .3/ GIST 24 mm vs. 25 mm; p = .1/ HCC 22 mm vs. 21 mm; p = .1. Contrast media in the course: PM total 45 HU vs. 25 HU; -44%; p < .05/ NSCLC 43 HU vs. 22 HU; -49%; p < .05/CRC 33 HU vs. 15 HU; -55%; p < .05/ GIST 45 HU vs. 24 HU; 47%; p < .05/HCC 62 HU vs. 43 HU; -31%, p < .05.Conclusions: The quantification of the contrast medium uptake of pulmonary metastases is valid by using dual-energy imaging. In this way, the therapy response according to antiangiogenetic therapy with regard to the contrast medium uptake can be assessed more precisely without native imaging in addition to changes in the size of the metastases.
Global Financial Crisis of Islamic and Conventional Banking in Middle East – A Case Study in Turkey
Authors: Ahmad Al-Smadi Ayman Abdal-Majeed , Almsafir Mahmoud Khalid , Mukthar Muzamri Bin 
Published: August 2017

The financial tools all over the world become extremely decisive in these days. The main goal of this paper is to measure then to discuss the impact of performance of conventional and Islamic banking in Turkey during the financial crisis. some variables such as profitability, liquidity, operational efficiency and business growth are used as a measuring factor to determine the performance for both financial models. The period of study is taken during the financial crisis in 1997 and during the global financial crisis in 2007. The comparison in this study is made between the performances of Islamic banking and conventional banking in Turkey.Some secondary data had examines in this study which was drown from the annual report from one of Turkey bank since 2002 until 2013. SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) “18.0” has been used to compare between Islamic finance model and other model. The findings of this paper shows that Islamic financial system is performing superior than conventional financial system for the period of this study. Hence, it can be concluded that the system of Islamic banking is able to sustain and compete with the conventional banking system especially during any financial crisis.
Sea level projections for the Australian region in the 21st century
Authors: Zhang Xuebin , Church John A. , Monselesan Didier , McInnes Kathleen L. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSea level rise exhibits significant regional differences. Based on Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models, sea level projections have been produced for the Australian region by taking account of regional dynamic changes, ocean thermal expansion, mass loss of glaciers, changes in Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets and land water storage, and glacial isostatic adjustment. However, these regional projections have a coarse resolution (~100 km), while coastal adaptation planners demand finer scale information at the coast. To address this need, a 1/10° near‐global ocean model driven by ensemble average forcings from 17 CMIP5 models is used to downscale future climate. We produce high‐resolution sea level projections by combining downscaled dynamic sea level with other contributions. Off the southeast coast, dynamic downscaling provides better representation of high sea level projections associated with gyre circulation and boundary current changes. The high‐resolution sea level projection should be a valuable product for detailed coastal adaptation planning.
Gas‐aerosol partitioning of ammonia in biomass burning plumes: Implications for the interpretation of spaceborne observations of ammonia and the radiative forcing of ammonium nitrate
Authors: Paulot F. , Paynter D. , Ginoux P. , Naik V. , Whitburn S. , Van Damme M. , Clarisse L. , Coheur P.‐F. , Horowitz L. W. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSatellite‐derived enhancement ratios of NH3 relative to CO column burden (
) in fires over Alaska, the Amazon, and South Equatorial Africa are 35, 45, and 70% lower than the corresponding ratio of their emissions factors (
) from biomass burning derived from in situ observations. Simulations performed using the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory AM3 global chemistry‐climate model show that these regional differences may not entirely stem from an overestimate of NH3 emissions but rather from changes in the gas‐aerosol partitioning of NH3 to
. Differences between
and
are largest in regions where
is high, consistent with the production of NH4NO3. Biomass burning is estimated to contribute 11–23% of the global burden and direct radiative effect (DRE) of NH4NO3 (−15 to −28 mW m−2), despite accounting for less than 6% of the global source of NH3. Production of NH4NO3 is largely concentrated over the Amazon and South Equatorial Africa, where its DRE can reach −1.9 W m−2 during the biomass burning season.
Abrupt regime shifts in the North Atlantic atmospheric circulation over the last deglaciation
Authors: Löfverström Marcus , Lora Juan M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe analyze modeling results of the North Atlantic atmospheric winter circulation from a transient climate simulation over the last 21,000 years. In agreement with previous studies, we find that the midlatitude jet stream assumes a strong, stable, and zonal disposition so long as the North American ice sheets remain in their continent‐wide Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) configuration. However, when the Laurentide ice sheet (LIS) and Cordilleran ice sheet separate (∼14,000 years ago), the jet stream abruptly changes to a tilted circulation regime, similar to modern. The proposed explanation is that the dominant stationary wave source in the North Atlantic sector changes from the LIS to the Cordilleran mountain range during the saddle collapse. As long as the LIS dominates, the circulation retains the zonal LGM state characterized by prevalent stationary wave reflection in the subtropical North Atlantic. When the Cordillera takes over, the circulation acquires its modern disposition with a weak and meridionally tilted jet stream and storm track.