bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responses of diazotrophic network structure and community diversity to alfalfa-maize intercropping are soil property-dependent
Authors: Zhang Jinglei , Wu Bo , Wang Guoliang , Zhang Jinhong , Jia Chunlin 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionIntercropping and soil properties both affect soil diazotrophic communities. However, the specific effects that alfalfa-maize intercropping has on diazotrophic networks and community diversity under different soil properties remain unclear.MethodsIn this study, we investigated the soil diazotrophic communities of two crop systems, alfalfa monoculture (AA) and alfalfa-maize intercropping (A/M), in two sites with similar climates but different soil properties (poor vs. average).Results and discussionThe diazotrophic network complexity and community diversity were higher at the site with poor soil than at the site with average soil (p &lt; 0.05). Community structure also varied significantly between the sites with poor and average soil (p &lt; 0.05). This divergence was mainly due to the differences in soil nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic carbon contents between the two sites. At the site with poor soil, the A/M system had lower diazotrophic diversity, lower network complexity and greater competition between diazotrophs than the AA system (p &lt; 0.05) because intercropping intensified the soil phosphorus limitation under poor soil conditions. However, in the average soil, it was the A/M system that had an altered diazotrophic structure, with an increased abundance of 11 bacterial genera and a decreased abundance of three bacterial genera (p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionOur results indicated that the effects of alfalfa-maize intercropping on diazotrophic communities were soil property-dependent.
Biochar promotes compost humification by regulating bacterial and fungal communities
Authors: Zhang Junying , Fan Bowen , Zhao Liqin , Zhao Changjiang , Yang Fengjun 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionHumus can be formed during composting through biological pathways, nonetheless, the mechanisms through which bacterial and fungal communities govern the development of humus in compost with the addition of biochar remain uncertain.MethodsIn this study, compost with cow dung and maize stover as feedstock was employed as a control group, and compost with 10% biochar added on top of the feedstock was adopted as a treatment group to investigate the effect of bacterial and fungal communities on humus formation during biochar composting.Results and DiscussionThe results demonstrated that the humic acid content increased by 24.82 and 25.10% at the cooling and maturation stages, respectively, after adding biochar. Besides, the degree of polymerization content in the maturation stage was elevated by 90.98%, which accelerated the humification process of the compost. During the thermophilic and maturity stages, there was a respective increase of 51.34 and 31.40% in reducing sugar content, suggesting that the inclusion of biochar could furnish ample reducing sugar substrate for the Maillard reaction. The addition of biochar reduced the number of humus precursor-associated genera by 35, increased the number of genera involved in humus synthesis by two, and enhanced the stability of the cross-domain network between bacteria and fungi, which confirms that microorganisms contribute to the humification process by decreasing humus precursor consumption as well as increasing humus synthesis with the addition of biochar. Additionally, adding biochar could enhance the humification capacity of the compost pile by dominating the Maillard reaction with reducing sugars as the substrate and strengthening the function of humus synthesis-associated genera. This study enhances our comprehension of the regulatory pathways of biochar in the humification process during composting.
A new test for evaluation of marginal cognitive function deficits in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus through expressing texture recognition by sound symbolic words
Authors: Kamohara Chihiro , Nakajima Madoka , Nozaki Yuji , Ieda Taiki , Kawamura Kaito , Horikoshi Kou , Miyahara Ryo , Akiba Chihiro , Ogino Ikuko , Karagiozov Kostadin L. , Miyajima Masakazu , Kondo Akihide , Sakamoto Maki 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionThe number of dementia patients is increasing with population aging. Preclinical detection of dementia in patients is essential for access to adequate treatment. In previous studies, dementia patients showed texture recognition difficulties. Onomatopoeia or sound symbolic words (SSW) are intuitively associated with texture impressions and are less likely to be affected by aphasia and description of material perception can be easily obtained. In this study, we aimed to create a test of texture recognition ability expressed by SSW to detect the presence of mild cognitive disorders.MethodsThe sound symbolic words texture recognition test (SSWTRT) is constructed from 12 close-up photos of various materials and participants were to choose the best SSW out of 8 choices to describe surface texture in the images in Japanese. All 102 participants seen in Juntendo University Hospital from January to August 2023 had a diagnosis of possible iNPH (age mean 77.9, SD 6.7). The answers were scored on a comprehensive scale of 0 to 1. Neuropsychological assessments included MMSE, FAB, and the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Pegboard Test, and Stroop Test from the EU-iNPH Grading Scale (GS). In study 1 the correlation between SSWTRT and the neuropsychological tests were analyzed. In study 2, participants were divided into two groups: the Normal Cognition group (Group A, n = 37) with MMSE scores of 28 points or above, and the Mild Cognitive Impairment group (Group B, n = 50) with scores ranging from 22 to 27 points, and its predictability were analyzed.ResultsIn study 1, the total SSWTRT score had a moderate correlation with the neuropsychological test results. In study 2, there were significant differences in the SSWTRT scores between groups A and B. ROC analysis results showed that the SSWTR test was able to predict the difference between the normal and mildly impaired cognition groups.ConclusionThe developed SSWTRT reflects the assessment results of neuropsychological tests in cognitive deterioration and was able to detect early cognitive deficits. This test not only relates to visual perception but is likely to have an association with verbal fluency and memory ability, which are frontal lobe functions.
Association between dietary mineral intakes and urine flow rate: data from the 2009–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Li Ming , Zhang Jiqian , Ding Jiasen , Gao Zhan 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundMinerals play an important role in human health, but their effect on urinary function remains controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the association between dietary intake of minerals (Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Na, K, Se) and urine flow rate (UFR).MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2009–2018) database. Multivariate regression and smooth curve fitting were used to investigate the association between dietary mineral intakes and UFR. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests were used to investigate whether this association was stable in the population.ResultsOur study involving 10,229 representative adult NHANES participants showed an association between Mg intake and UFR in a linear regression model for continuous variables. And in the model analysis of tertile categorical variables, we observed a positive association between six mineral intakes (Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Na, and K) and UFR. Smoothed curve fitting and threshold effect analysis further support the nonlinear relationship between mineral intakes and UFR. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests ensured the reliability and robustness of the findings.ConclusionThis study examined the effects of nine dietary minerals on UFR and found that intake of Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Na, and K were positively correlated with UFR, suggesting that these minerals may have a positive effect on improving urinary function. In particular, Mg showed a more significant positive correlation with UFR in women, while Na showed a stronger positive correlation in diabetics. However, P, Fe and Se did not show significant correlations. In summary, although these findings provide a preliminary understanding of the relationship between dietary minerals and urinary function, further prospective studies are still necessary to validate these relationships and explore the physiologic mechanisms underlying them.
Donor human milk practice in Indonesia: a media content analysis
Authors: Pramono Andini , Hikmawati Alvia 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionDonor human milk (DHM) is recommended as the second-best alternative form of supplementation when a mother is unable to breastfeed directly. However, little is known about the experience of mothers and families in the communities regarding accessing and donating expressed breastmilk in Indonesia. This study aimed to identify the experience related to donor human milk in the society in Indonesia.MethodA search was conducted through six main online news portals. The keywords used included “donor human milk,” “expressed breastmilk,” and “wet nursing” in the Indonesian language, Bahasa Indonesia. A total of 107 articles were found, but only 20 articles were included for analysis using a qualitative media content analysis approach.ResultsIn the study, the following five themes were identified: (1) the whys and wherefores of donor human milk, (2) national and religious-based regulations, (3) recommendations from authorized organizations, healthcare professionals, and Islamic scholars, (4) the negative impact from the lack of national regulations, and (5) contradictory feelings among mothers.ConclusionWith the lack of detailed information on how to access or donate expressed human milk and the absence of a human milk bank in place, informal human milk sharing is inevitably occurring in the community. This has also raised concerns among authorized organizations, healthcare professionals, and Islamic scholars. Consequently, mothers, both donors and recipients, experienced negative impacts, which included contradictory feelings. Engaging with Islamic scholars and healthcare professionals to develop clear guidelines and regulations to enable mothers' and families' access and/or make contributions to DHM in a safe and accountable way is critical to prevent further problems from occurring in Indonesian society.
Construction and validation of a risk prediction model for extrauterine growth restriction in preterm infants born at gestational age less than 34 weeks
Authors: Xie Yu , Zhang Zhihui , Luo Mengmeng , Mo Yan , Wei Qiufen , Wang Laishuan , Zhang Rong , Zhong Hanlu , Li Yan 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveThis study aimed to develop and validate a model for predicting extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) in preterm infants born ≤34 weeks gestation.MethodsPreterm infants from Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital (2019–2021) were randomly divided into training (80%) and testing (20%) sets. Collinear clinical variables were excluded using Pearson correlation coefficients. Predictive factors were identified using Lasso regression. Random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and logistic regression (LR) models were then built and evaluated using the confusion matrix, area under the curve (AUC), and the F1 score. Additionally, calibration curves and decision curve analysis (DCA) were plotted to assess the performance and practical utility of the models.ResultsThe study included 387 infants, with no significant baseline differences between training (n = 310) and testing (n = 77) sets. LR identified gestational age, birth weight, premature rupture of membranes, patent ductus arteriosus, cholestasis, and neonatal sepsis as key EUGR predictors. The RF model (19 variables) demonstrated an accuracy of greater than 90% during training, and superior AUC (0.62), F1 score (0.80), and accuracy (0.72) in testing compared to other models.ConclusionsGestational age, birth weight, premature rupture of membranes, patent ductus arteriosus, cholestasis, and neonatal sepsis are significant EUGR predictors in preterm infants ≤34 weeks. The model shows promise for early EUGR prediction in clinical practice, potentially enhancing screening efficiency and accuracy, thus saving medical resources.
Determinants of measles second dose vaccination dropout among children aged 18–24 months in Ejere woreda, central Ethiopia; unmatched case-control study
Authors: Nurgi Kitessa , Ahmed Seifadin , Ganfure Gemechu , Bekele Gemechu Gelan 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundMeasles continues to pose a significant public health challenge, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Despite the implementation of national vaccination programs, measles outbreaks persist in some parts of Ethiopia, and the determinants of dropout from the second measles vaccine dose are not well understood. Hence, this study aimed to assess determinants of measles second dose vaccination dropout among children aged 18–24 months in Ejere woreda, central Ethiopia.MethodsA community-based unmatched case-control design was conducted in the Ejere Woreda of the Oromia regional state in Ethiopia between February 14 and April 6, 2023. Data were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. The collected data were coded and entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and then transported to SPSS version 27 for statistical analysis. Descriptive analysis like frequency, mean, and percentage was calculated. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analysis was done. Finally, variables with a p-value &lt;0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultA total of 446 mothers/caregivers, comprising 110 cases and 336 controls, participated in this study, making the response rate 97.8%. Lack of a reminder for the measles vaccine during postnatal care (PNC) (AOR = 5.19; 95% CI: 2.34, 7.83), having ≤2 antenatal care (ANC) contacts (AOR = 4.95; 95% CI: 2.86, 9.24), long waiting times during previous vaccination (AOR = 2.78; 95% CI: 1.19, 4.38), children of mothers/caregivers without formal education (AOR = 6.46; 95% CI: 2.81, 11.71), mothers/caregivers of children who were unaware of the importance of the second dose of measles (AOR = 8.37; 95% CI: 4.22, 15.08), and mothers/caregivers whose children did not receive at least two doses of vitamin A (AOR = 4.05; 95% CI: 2.15, 8.11) were significant determinants of measles second dose vaccination dropout.ConclusionImplementing targeted interventions during antenatal care and when mothers visit health facilities for other vaccines can significantly improve the uptake of the second dose of the measles vaccine. These strategies not only enhance overall vaccination coverage but also mitigate the risk of measles outbreaks in the community.
Exploring the role of Yuxuebi tablet in neuropathic pain with the method of similarity research of drug pharmacological effects based on unsupervised machine learning
Authors: Du Xiao , Zhao Chunhui , Xi Yujie , Lin Pengfei , Liu Huihui , Wang Shuling , Guo Feifei 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionHaving multiple pharmacological effects is a characteristic of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Currently, there is a lack of suitable methods to explore and discover modern diseases suitable for TCM treatment using this characteristic. Unsupervised machine learning technology is an efficient strategy to predict the pharmacological activity of drugs. This study takes Yuxuebi Tablet (YXB) as the research object. Using the unsupervised machine learning technology of drug cell functional fingerprint similarity research, the potential pharmacological effects of YXB were discovered and verified.MethodsLC-MS combined with the in vitro intestinal absorption method was used to identify components of YXB that could be absorbed by the intestinal tract of rats. Unsupervised learning hierarchical clustering was used to calculate the degree of similarity of cellular functional fingerprints between these components and 121 marketed Western drugs whose indications are diseases and symptoms that YXB is commonly used to treat. Then, based on the Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures database, pathway analysis was performed for selected Western drugs with high similarity in cellular functional fingerprints with the components of YXB to discover the potential pharmacological effects of YXB, which were validated by animal experiments.ResultsWe identified 40 intestinally absorbed components of YXB. Through predictive studies, we found that they have pharmacological effects very similar to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids. In addition, we found that they have very similar pharmacological effects to anti-neuropathic pain medications (such as gabapentin, duloxetine, and pethidine) and may inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway and biological processes related to pain perception. Therefore, YXB may have an antinociceptive effect on neuropathic pain. Finally, we demonstrated that YXB significantly reduced neuropathic pain in a rat model of sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI). Transcriptome analysis further revealed that YXB regulates the expression of multiple genes involved in nerve injury repair, signal transduction, ion channels, and inflammatory response, with key regulatory targets including Sgk1, Sst, Isl1, and Shh.ConclusionThis study successfully identified and confirmed the previously unknown pharmacological activity of YXB against neuropathic pain through unsupervised learning prediction and experimental verification.
N-terminal domain of androgen receptor is a major therapeutic barrier and potential pharmacological target for treating castration resistant prostate cancer: a comprehensive review
Authors: Chen Ye , Lan Tian 
Published: September 2024

The incidence rate of prostate cancer (PCa) has risen by 3% per year from 2014 through 2019 in the United States. An estimated 34,700 people will die from PCa in 2023, corresponding to 95 deaths per day. Castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is the leading cause of deaths among men with PCa. Androgen receptor (AR) plays a critical role in the development of CRPC. N-terminal domain (NTD) is the essential functional domain for AR transcriptional activation, in which modular activation function-1 (AF-1) is important for gene regulation and protein interactions. Over last 2 decades drug discovery against NTD has attracted interest for CRPC treatment. However, NTD is an intrinsically disordered domain without stable three-dimensional structure, which has so far hampered the development of drugs targeting this highly dynamic structure. Employing high throughput cell-based assays, small-molecule NTD inhibitors exhibit a variety of unexpected properties, ranging from specific binding to NTD, blocking AR transactivation, and suppressing oncogenic proliferation, which prompts its evaluation in clinical trials. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations reveal that compounds can induce the formation of collapsed helical states. Nevertheless, our knowledge of NTD structure has been limited to the primary sequence of amino acid chain and a few secondary structure motif, acting as a barrier for computational and pharmaceutical analysis to decipher dynamic conformation and drug-target interaction. In this review, we provide an overview on the sequence-structure-function relationships of NTD, including the polymorphism of mono-amino acid repeats, functional elements for transcription regulation, and modeled tertiary structure of NTD. Moreover, we summarize the activities and therapeutic potential of current NTD-targeting inhibitors and outline different experimental methods contributing to screening novel compounds. Finally, we discuss current directions for structure-based drug design and potential breakthroughs for exploring pharmacological motifs and pockets in NTD, which could contribute to the discovery of new NTD inhibitors.
Comparative analysis of the influence of different shapes of shaft sections on dust transportation
Authors: Liu Jie , Luo Xuehua , Wang Wanqing , Teng Liangyun , Hao Chenwei , Cai Fei , Chen Yi 
Published: September 2024

Large amounts of dust are generated during digging operations in underground mines, and the transportation of dust is affected by the shape of the roadway section. In order to know the dust transportation law of different cross-section shapes when digging. Fluent software was used to simulate the distribution of wind flow field, dust transportation trajectory, and dust quality concentration in roadways with semicircular arch, three-centered arch, rectangle and trapezium, and then analyze and compare the influence of four cross-section shapes on dust transportation, and use gray correlation analysis to investigate the correlation between the time needed to reduce the dust quality concentration of the roadway to the safe value and the ventilation air volume and air supply distance. The results of the study show that the wind speed in the roadway is in the following order from high to low: rectangle &gt; trapezium &gt; three-centered arch &gt; semicircular arch. Dust particles of each size rubbed each other after blasting, and there were fewer dust particles with larger sizes in the three-centered arch roadway. Both the air supply distance and ventilation air volume impact the dust removal effect; when the air supply distances are 5 m and 10 m, the three-centered arch has a better dust removal effect; when the air supply distances are 15 m and 20 m, the effect is better in the rectangular roadway and trapezoidal roadway; and when the ventilation air volume is increased, it is the three-centered arch. Through the gray correlation analysis, it can be seen that in order to improve the construction environment in the roadway after blasting, the rectangular section can be chosen when considering the air supply distance, and the three-centered arch can be chosen when considering the ventilation air volume.