bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiological anatomy of the perforators of the gluteal region: The “radiosome” based anatomy
Authors: Vigato Enrico , De Antoni Eleonora , Tiengo Cesare , Porzionato Andrea , Tortorella Cinzia , Governa Maurizio , Macchi Veronica , De Caro Raffaele 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThe superior (SGA) and the inferior gluteal artery (IGA) perforator flaps are widely used in pressure‐sore repair and in breast reconstruction. The aim was to exhaustively depict the topographical anatomy of the whole system of perforators in the buttock.MethodsEighty lower‐extremity computed tomographic angiography (CTA) of patients (20 males/20 females, mean age 61‐years old, range 38‐81) were considered. The source artery, location, type, and caliber of gluteal perforators were analyzed. The location of perforators was reproduced using a standardized two‐dimensional grid on the coronal plane, centered onto defined bone landmarks. We defined “radiosome” the cutaneous vascular territory of a source artery inferred through the representation of its whole perforator system at the exit point through the deep fascia.ResultsA mean number of 25.6 ± 5.7 perforators in the gluteal region was observed, distributed as follows: 11.6 ± 4.8(45.2%) from SGA; 7.9 ± 4.5(30.8%) from IGA; 1.5 ± 0.8(5.8%) from fifth lumbar artery; 1.2 ± 0.8(4.7%) from internal pudendal artery; 1.2 ± 1(4.8%) from lateral circumflex femoral artery; 0.3 ± 0.7(1.2%) from circumflex iliac superficial artery. At least one large (internal diameter > 1 mm) SGA septocutaneous perforator was present in 77.5% of patients.ConclusionsThe gluteal region is vascularized by perforators of multiple source arteries. Septocutaneous perforators of SGA and IGA were planned along a curve drawn from the posterior‐superior border of the iliac crest to the greater trochanter. The lumbar artery perforators are clustered over the apex of the iliac crest; the internal pudendal artery perforators are clustered medially to the ischiatic tuberosity. Contributions can also come from the sacral and superficial circumflex iliac arteries.
Technical Note: Construction of heterogeneous head phantom for quality control in stereotactic radiosurgery
Authors: Najafi Mohsen , Teimouri Javad , Shirazi Alireza , Geraily Ghazale , Esfahani Mahbod , Shafaei Mostafa 
Published: August 2017

PurposeStereotactic radiosurgery is a high precision modality for conformally delivering high doses of radiation to the brain lesion with a large dose volume. Several studies for the quality control of this technique were performed to measure the dose delivered to the target with a homogenous head phantom and some dosimeters. Some studies were also performed with one or two instances of heterogeneity in the head phantom to measure the dose delivered to the target. But these studies assumed the head as a sphere and simple shape heterogeneity. The construction of an adult human head phantom with the same size, shape, and real inhomogeneity as an adult human head is needed. Only then is measuring the accurate dose delivered to the area of interest and comparison with the calculated dose possible.MethodsAccording to the ICRU Report 44, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and methyl methacrylate were selected as a bone and soft tissue, respectively. A set of computed tomography (CT) scans from a standard human head were taken, and simplification of the CT images was used to design the layers of the phantom. The parts of each slice were cut and attached together. Tests of density and CT number were done to compare the material of the phantom with tissues of the head. The dose delivered to the target was measured with an EBT3 film.ResultsThe density of the PTFE and Plexiglas that were inserted in the phantom are in good agreement with bone and soft tissue. Also, the CT numbers of these materials have a low difference. The dose distribution from the EBT3 film and the treatment planning system is similar.ConclusionsThe constructed phantom with a size and inhomogeneity like an adult human head is suitable to measure the dose delivered to the area of interest. It also helps make an accurate comparison with the calculated dose by the treatment planning system. By using this phantom, the actual dose delivered to the target was obtained. This anthropomorphic head phantom can be used in other modalities of radiosurgery as well.
Predictors of sexual function in women with stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Grzybowska Magdalena E. , Wydra Dariusz 
Published: August 2017

AimsTo assess female sexual function (SF) in different grades of urodynamic stress urinary incontinence (SUI), with/without pelvic organ prolapse (POP); to investigate associations between clinical data and pelvic organ prolapse/urinary incontinence sexual questionnaire (PISQ) scores.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in sexually active women (130 with SUI and 126 controls). Stamey score and POP quantification (POP‐Q) were used. Urogynecological examinations were performed; all participants completed PISQ. Multivariable linear regression was used to identify negative SF predictors.ResultsSF was lower in the study group (P < 0.001), in moderate (P < 0.001), and severe SUI (P  < 0.02) versus controls, in each particular domain and total PISQ‐score (total score: 83.8 ± 14.8, 80.8 ± 14.5, 84.5 ± 11.1 vs 95.7 ± 10.3, respectively). Women with mild SUI had better SF in physical and partner‐related domains compared to moderate SUI (33.6 ± 6.1 vs 30.7 ± 6.4, P < 0.02; 18.8 ± 2.9 vs 17.3 ± 3.3, P = 0.02, respectively). Age correlated with PISQ‐scores in behavioral/emotive (r = −0.24, P = 0.006), and partner‐related domains (r = −0.28, P = 0.002), and total PISQ‐score (r = −0.2, P = 0.02); menopausal status with partner‐related domain (r = −0.32, P = 0.000) and total PISQ‐score (r = −0.19, P = 0.029); menopause duration with physical domain (r = 0.17, P = 0.045); SUI stage only with PISQ scores in physical domain (r = −0.22, P = 0.014). No correlations were found between BMI, parity, number of vaginal deliveries, POP‐Q stages, with PISQ results. Age in the SUI group and controls (β = −0.18, P < 0.05) and BMI in controls (β = −0.26, P < 0.01) were independent predictors of impaired SF.ConclusionsDifferent SF predictors were found in SUI women and controls. Impaired SF was confirmed in SUI women compared to controls, with more severe SUI corresponding to lower SF.
Folate deficiency in north Indian children undergoing maintenance chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia—Implications and outcome
Authors: Roy Moulik Nirmalya , Kumar Archana , Agrawal Suraksha , Mahdi Abbas Ali 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundTreatment‐related toxicity and mortality are not uncommon during maintenance chemotherapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), especially in the low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC). Undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies are commonly seen in children from LMICs undergoing treatment for ALL. The present study examines the prevalence and clinical implications of folate deficiency in north Indian children with ALL during the maintenance phase of treatment in view of prolonged antifolate treatment and high population prevalence of folate deficiency.ProceduresPre‐cycle folate levels/deficiency as well as weight for age z‐score and serum albumin level were determined and correlated with complications of treatment and mortality encountered during the maintenance phase of treatment.ResultsTwenty‐nine of 52 children enrolled in the study had folate deficiency at some point during maintenance chemotherapy. Neutropenia (18 of 29 vs. 4 of 23; P = 0.002), thrombocytopenia (17 of 29 vs. 4 of 23; P = 0.005), febrile neutropenia (17 of 29 vs. 4 of 23; P = 0.005), and need for chemotherapy dose reduction (20 of 29 vs. 7 of 21; P = 0.01) were more common in folate‐deficient children. Maintenance deaths were higher (8 of 29 vs. 1 of 23; P = 0.03) and survival lower (P = 0.02) in deficient children. In multivariate analysis, hypoalbuminemia (P = 0.02) and folate deficiency (P = 0.01) were associated with febrile neutropenia, and folate deficiency with maintenance deaths (P = 0.03).ConclusionsFolate deficiency was associated with treatment‐related complications and adverse outcome in our patients. The risks and benefits of folate supplementation in deficient children during maintenance chemotherapy need to be explored with properly designed randomized studies in similar settings.
High birth prevalence of sickle cell disease in Northwestern Tanzania
Authors: Ambrose Emmanuela E. , Makani Julie , Chami Neema , Masoza Tulla , Kabyemera Rogatus , Peck Robert N. , Kamugisha Erasmus , Manjurano Alphaxard , Kayange Neema , Smart Luke R. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundWorldwide, hemoglobinopathies affect millions of children. Identification of hemoglobin disorders in most sub‐Saharan African countries is delayed until clinical signs of the disease are present. Limited studies have been conducted to understand their prevalence and clinical presentation among newborns in resource‐limited settings.MethodologyThis was a prospective cohort study. Newborns (aged 0–7 days) at two hospitals in Northwestern Tanzania were enrolled and followed prospectively for 6 months. Clinical and laboratory information were collected at baseline. Participants were screened for hemoglobinopathies using high‐performance liquid chromatography. Clinical and laboratory follow‐up was performed at 3 and 6 months for those with hemoglobinopathies as well as a comparison group of participants without hemoglobinopathies.ResultsA total of 919 newborns were enrolled. Among these, 1.4% (13/919) had sickle cell anemia or Hb S/β0‐thalassemia (Hb FS), and 19.7% (181/919) had sickle cell trait or Hb S/β+ thalassemia (Hb FAS). Furthermore, 0.2% (two of 919) had β+‐thalassemia. Red cell indices compared between Hb FS, Hb FAS, and Hb FA were similar at baseline, but hemoglobin was lower and red cell distribution width was higher in children with Hb FS at 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐up. Febrile episodes were more common for children with Hb FS at 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐up.ConclusionThe prevalence of sickle cell disease among neonates born in Northwestern Tanzania is one of the highest in the world. Newborn screening is needed early in life to identify neonates with hemoglobinopathies so that clinical management may commence and morbidity and mortality related to hemoglobinopathies be reduced.
Methanol Extracts of 28 Hieracium Species from the Balkan Peninsula – Comparative LC–MS Analysis, Chemosystematic Evaluation of their Flavonoid and Phenolic Acid Profiles and Antioxidant Potentials
Authors: Milutinović Violeta , Niketić Marjan , Ušjak Ljuboš , Nikolić Dejan , Krunić Aleksej , Zidorn Christian , Petrović Silvana 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIntroductionHieracium s. str. represents one of the largest and most complex genera of flowering plants. As molecular genetics seems unlikely to disentangle intricate relationships within this reticulate species complex, analysis of flavonoids and phenolic acids, known as good chemosystematic markers, promise to be more reliable. Data about pharmacological activity of Hieracium species are scarce.ObjectiveEvaluation of the chemosystematic significance of flavonoids and phenolic acids of methanol extracts of aerial flowering parts of 28 Hieracium species from the Balkans. Additionally, investigation of antioxidant potentials of the extracts.MethodsComparative qualitative and quantitative analysis of flavonoids and phenolic acids was performed by LC–MS. Multivariate statistical data analysis included non‐metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS), unweighted pair‐group arithmetic averages (UPGMA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Antioxidant activity was evaluated using three colorimetric tests.ResultsDominant phenolics in almost all species were luteolin type flavonoids, followed by phenolic acids. Although the investigated Hieracium species share many compounds, the current classification of the genus was supported by nMDS and UPGMA analyses with a good resolution to the group level. Hieracium naegelianum was clearly separated from the other investigated species. Spatial and ecological distances of the samples were likely to influence unexpected differentiation of some groups within H. sect. Pannosa. The vast majority of dominant compounds significantly contributed to differences between taxa. The antioxidant potential of the extracts was satisfactory and in accordance with their phenolics composition.ConclusionsComparative LC–MS analysis demonstrated that flavonoids and phenolic acids are good indicators of chemosystematic relationships within Hieracium, particularly between non‐hybrid species and groups from the same location. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrochemical behavior of N‐oxyphthalimides: Cascades initiating self‐sustaining catalytic reductive N―O bond cleavage
Authors: Syroeshkin Mikhail A. , Krylov Igor B. , Hughes Audrey M. , Alabugin Igor V. , Nasybullina Darya V. , Sharipov Mikhail Yu. , Gultyai Vadim P. , Terent'ev Alexander O. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractN‐oxyphthalimides are stable and easily accessible compounds that can produce oxygen radicals upon 1‐electron reduction. We present a systematic study of electrochemical properties of N‐oxyphthalimide derivatives (PI‐ORs) in DMF by cyclic voltammetry. In all cases, electron transfer to the substrate leads to decomposition of the intermediate radical anion via the N―O bond cleavage. In the case of benzyloxyphthalimide or its derivatives containing electron‐donating substituents, reductive electron transfer induces the chain decomposition of the substrate to phthalimide (PI) radical‐anion and the corresponding carbonyl compound. The PI radical‐anion product is a powerful reductant that can transfer an electron to the reactant PI‐OR, thus establishing a catalytic cycle for reductive N―O scission. This self‐catalytic process is reflected in a considerable decrease in the reduction current for the substrate (<1e‐/molecule). By contrast, reductive fragmentations of benzyl derivatives containing electron‐withdrawing substituents in the aromatic ring or at the benzylic position, as well as tosyl and alkyl derivatives, occur via a 1‐electron mechanism. A sequence of N―O and C―C scissions was engineered to support the intermediacy of O‐centered radicals in these processes.
Molecular weight control of polyethylene waxes using a constrained imino‐cyclopenta[b]pyridyl‐nickel catalyst
Authors: Wang Zheng , Zhang Youfu , Ma Yanping , Hu Xinquan , Solan Gregory A. , Sun Yang , Sun Wen‐Hua 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTFive examples of nickel(II) bromide complexes bearing N,N‐imino‐cyclopenta[b]pyridines, [7‐(ArN)‐6,6‐Me2C8H5N]NiBr2 (Ar = 2,6‐Me2C6H3 (Ni1), 2,6‐Et2C6H3 (Ni2), 2,6‐i‐Pr2C6H3 (Ni3), 2,4,6‐Me3C6H2 (Ni4), 2,6‐Et2‐4‐MeC6H2 (Ni5)), have been prepared by the reaction of the corresponding ligand, L1–L5, with NiBr2(DME) (DME = 1,2‐dimethoxyethane). On crystallization from bench dichloromethane, Ni1 underwent adventitious reaction with water to give the aqua salt, [L1NiBr(OH2)3][Br] (Ni1'). The molecular structures of Ni1' and Ni3 have been structurally characterized, the latter revealing a bromide‐bridged dimer. On activation with either MMAO or Et2AlCl, Ni1, Ni2, Ni4, and Ni5, all exhibited high activities for ethylene polymerization (up to 3.88 × 106 g(PE) mol−1(Ni) h−1); the most sterically bulky Ni3 gave only low activity. Polyethylene waxes are a feature of the materials obtained which typically display low molecular weights (Mws), narrow Mw distributions and unsaturated vinyl and vinylene functionalities. Notably, the catalyst comprising Ni1/Et2AlCl produced polyethylene with the lowest Mw, 0.67 kg mol−1, which is less than any previously reported data for any class of cycloalkyl‐fused pyridine–nickel catalyst. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 3494–3505
The psychological impact of prostate biopsy: Prevalence and predictors of procedure‐related distress
Authors: Sharp Linda , Morgan Eileen , Drummond Frances J. , Gavin Anna 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveMany men undergo prostate biopsies each year. Most data on consequences of prostate biopsy for men pertain to physical after‐effects and/or come from clinical trial populations. We quantified prevalence of, and identified factors associated with, procedure‐related distress in men having prostate biopsies in routine clinical practice.MethodsMen who had undergone prostate biopsy for follow‐up of a raised prostate specific antigen test result and/or abnormal digital rectal examination in 6 centres in Ireland completed questionnaires. Biopsy‐related psychological distress was measured using the Impact of Event Scale. An Impact of Event Scale score ≥ 9 was considered significant biopsy‐related distress. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of significant distress.ResultsThree hundred thirty‐five men completed questionnaires. Overall, 49% had significant biopsy‐related distress; this was higher in men whose biopsy result indicated cancer (59%) and those who did not have a definitive result (54%) than those with a negative result (35%; P < .001). In multivariable analyses, the odds of significant distress were 3 times higher in men with cancer (OR = 3.33, 95% CI, 1.83‐6.04) and more than twice as high in men without a definitive result (OR = 2.61, 95% CI, 1.43‐4.78) compared to men with a negative result. Men with intermediate (OR = 3.19, 95% CI, 1.85‐5.53) or high (OR = 7.10, 95% CI, 3.45‐14.57) health anxiety (propensity to worry about one's health) also had significantly increased odds of biopsy‐related distress.ConclusionsSignificant distress is common after prostatic biopsy. Some men, including those who are highly health anxious and those awaiting definitive results, may benefit from additional support around the time of and/or following prostate biopsy.
Computational modeling of strained alkenes: Choosing the right computational model
Authors: Kekišev Ott , Burk Peeter , Järv Jaak 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe applicability of 12 different quantum chemical calculation methods, including density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio methods, for describing strained alkenes and modeling their gas‐phase basicities (GB), hydrogenation enthalpies, and double bond geometries was studied for a series of systematically defined compounds R1R2C = CR3R4. The calculated values were compared to experimental data that had been compiled from literature for several compounds within the series. The closest relationship between the computational results and experimental data occurred with the G2MP2 ab initio method. The best DFT method for GB values was M062X and for hydrogenation enthalpies PBEPBE. At the same time, the relative effects of compound structure variations on the calculated values were similar among all 12 of the calculation methods tested. The double bond length was relatively insensitive to the sizes of the R substituents in R1R2C = CR3R4, but the torsion angles changed significantly in response to structural changes to the compounds when none of the groups R1–R4 was hydrogen.
Removal of Organic Pollutants from Water Using Superwetting Materials
Authors: Li Lingxiao , Zhang Junping , Wang Aiqin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe frequent occurrence of water pollution accidents and the leakage of organic pollutants have caused severe environmental and ecological crisis. It is thus highly imperative to find efficient materials to solve the problem. Inspired by the lotus leaf, superwetting materials are receiving increasing attention in the field of removal of organic pollutants from water. Various superwetting materials have been successfully generated and integrated into devices for removal of organic pollutants from water. On the basis of our previous work in the field, we summarized in this account the progress of removal of (1) floating and underwater insoluble, (2) emulsified insoluble, and (3) both insoluble and soluble organic pollutants from water using superwetting materials including superhydrophobic & superoleophilic materials, superhydrophilic & underwater superoleophobic materials, and materials with controllable wettability. The superwetting materials are in the forms of 2D porous materials, 3D porous materials and particles, etc. Finally, the current state and future challenges in this field are discussed. We hope this account could shed light on the design of novel superwetting materials for efficient removal of organic pollutants from water.
What the Common Core State Standards Do Not Tell You About Connecting Texts
Authors: Ciecierski Lisa M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe Common Core State Standards bring the importance of connecting texts to the forefront by sharing that students must be able to “analyze how two or more texts address similar themes or topics in order to build knowledge or to compare the approaches authors take” (National Governors Association Center for Best Practices & Council of Chief State School Officers, , p. 10). However, this is not all that is important for teachers to know and think about. This article shares three points to consider when thinking about meeting this standard. These points were concluded after an 18‐week inquiry with elementary school students and are shared by first stating what each point is and then discussing why it might matter. Potentials for curriculum and instruction and final thoughts are presented as a conclusion.
Evolution of copper arsenate resistance for enhanced enargite bioleaching using the extreme thermoacidophile Metallosphaera sedula
Authors: Ai Chenbing , McCarthy Samuel , Liang Yuting , Rudrappa Deepak , Qiu Guanzhou , Blum Paul 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) was employed to isolate arsenate and copper cross-resistant strains, from the copper-resistant M. sedula CuR1. The evolved strains, M. sedula ARS50-1 and M. sedula ARS50-2, contained 12 and 13 additional mutations, respectively, relative to M. sedula CuR1. Bioleaching capacity of a defined consortium (consisting of a naturally occurring strain and a genetically engineered copper sensitive strain) was increased by introduction of M. sedula ARS50-2, with 5.31 and 26.29% more copper recovered from enargite at a pulp density (PD) of 1 and 3% (w/v), respectively. M. sedula ARS50-2 arose as the predominant species and modulated the proportions of the other two strains after it had been introduced. Collectively, the higher Cu2+ resistance trait of M. sedula ARS50-2 resulted in a modulated microbial community structure, and consolidating enargite bioleaching especially at elevated PD.
Forced Marriage and Birth Outcomes
Authors: Becker Charles M. , Mirkasimov Bakhrom , Steiner Susan 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We study the impact of marriages resulting from bride kidnapping on infant birth weight. Bride kidnapping—a form of forced marriage—implies that women are abducted by men and have little choice other than to marry their kidnappers. Given this lack of choice over the spouse, we expect adverse consequences for women in such marriages. Remarkable survey data from the Central Asian nation of Kyrgyzstan enable exploration of differential birth outcomes for women in kidnap-based and other types of marriage using both OLS and IV estimation. We find that children born to mothers in kidnap-based marriages have lower birth weight compared with children born to other mothers. The largest difference is between kidnap-based and arranged marriages: the magnitude of the birth weight loss is in the range of 2 % to 6 % of average birth weight. Our finding is one of the first statistically sound estimates of the impact of forced marriage and implies not only adverse consequences for the women involved but potentially also for their children.