bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WITHDRAWN: Mitigating Strength Loss in Mortar Due to Casting Delays: Quantified Impact of Additional Water and Cement
Authors: Mahzuz H. M.A. , Former Imran Hossain , Lizon Nasir Uddin Ahammed , Nury Ahmad Hasan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of casting delays on the compressive and shear strengths of mortar used in masonry constructions and explores the effects of adding supplementary materials such as water and cement. Mortar mixes were prepared using sand with a fineness modulus (FM) of 1.7 for plaster and 1.9 for brick binder, subjected to casting delays ranging from 0 to 4 hours. Three physical conditions were utilized, 1st case- WAAW (without adding additional water), 2nd case- AAW (adding additional water), maintaining initial mortar flow, and 3rd case- AAWC (adding additional water and cement), maintaining initial mortar flow and initial mortar strength. In the 1st case, the fall of strength was greater than in the 2nd case. In the 3rd case, the amounts of additional cement and water were quantified to restore the initial strength of the mortar. This quantification can help avoid material loss in construction sites.
Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of a community-based mental health and wellbeing service for black, Asian and minoritized young people: a qualitative study
Authors: Ijaz Sharea , Salam Shumona Sharmin , Williams Jo , Smyth Geraldine , Caldwell Deborah , Turner Katrina 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Young people from minoritized ethnic backgrounds often encounter challenges in accessing mental health support. We evaluated implementation of a pilot mental health and wellbeing service in a community youth centre for young people from minoritised ethnic backgrounds.
Methods
We evaluated the service during its first 12 months of implementation. We held twelve service provider interviews and six paired interviews with young people. Fieldnotes were taken and used to contextualise data. Service providers recorded young people’s attendance and wellbeing data. Interview data were analysed thematically to identify barriers and facilitators to successful service implementation. The quantitative attendance and wellbeing data were analysed descriptively using Excel.
Results
The service was developed iteratively at the youth centre over several months. Once established the service included a weekly two-hour session with mental health practitioners involving opportunistic wellbeing conversations and activities, an offer of one-to-one and group drop-in and mentoring sessions, and an identification and referral pathway to secondary community services. Attendance of young people was inconsistent, and only a few young people provided wellbeing data. Both providers’ and young people’s accounts indicated that implementation was supported by the positive influence of the setting, lived experience of the service providers, iterative development of the service, and trust building. Barriers included inconsistent attendance of young people, the informal and unstructured nature of activities delivered, slow pace of service delivery, and the young people’s reluctance to engage in wellbeing services and evaluation.
Conclusion
Successful implementation of wellbeing services in community settings for minoritized young people requires investing in relationship building between providers and recipients, and flexibility in how the intervention is delivered and at what pace. Development and evaluation of similar services in future should account for these requirements.
Effects of Forearm Rotation on Wrist Flexor and Extensor Muscle Activities
Authors: Ikeda Kazuhiro , Kaneoka Koji , Matsunaga Naoto , Ikumi Akira , Yamazaki Masashi , Yoshii Yuichi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The forearm muscles coordinately control wrist motion, and their activity is affected by forearm rotation. Although forearm rotation has been implicated in the development of lateral and medial epicondylitis, its biomechanical background remains unknown. Therefore, the present study investigated the activity of wrist muscles in various forearm positions.
Methods
Surface electromyography of the extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi radialis, and flexor carpi ulnaris was performed on 40 healthy upper limbs. We initially measured muscle strength and electromyographic activity (integrated electromyographic value per second) at maximum voluntary output towards wrist extension and flexion in a neutral position. We then assessed electromyographic activity under constant wrist torque (75% of maximum strength in the neutral position) in pronation, the neutral position, and supination. The percentage of maximum electromyographic activity was evaluated for each position.
Results
In wrist extension, the extensor carpi radialis brevis was activated during forearm pronation, while extensor carpi ulnaris activity did not change in any forearm position. In wrist flexion, the flexor carpi radialis was activated during forearm supination, while flexor carpi ulnaris activity was significantly lower with forearm pronation than in the neutral position.
Conclusions
Since muscle activation increases traction force at the tendon origin, forearm positions that increase muscle activity may be a biomechanical risk factor for the development of tendinopathy. The present results are consistent with epidemiological and pathological findings on lateral and medial epicondylitis. These results provide insights into wrist biomechanics and the pathophysiology of lateral and medial epicondylitis.
Conservative Treatment for Hook of Hamate Fracture: A Case Series of 18 Patients
Authors: Tanaka Toshikazu , Fukai Ryosuke , Yoshii Yuichi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The cause of hook of hamate fractures is either a fatigue fracture type because of repetitive stress on the hook of hamate from athletes involved in gripping sports (e.g., golf, tennis, and baseball) or a traumatic occurrence because of falls or other injuries. The recommended treatment involves the excision of bone fragments to facilitate athletes’ early return to sports; excision surgery is also performed in cases of trauma. However, some patients prefer nonsurgical treatment options, and conservative treatment should be considered. This study aimed to present a case series of 18 patients who were conservatively treated for hook of hamate fractures.
Methods
This study included 18 (13 males and 5 females, with 6 cases on the right side and 12 on the left) patients who desired conservative treatment and could be followed up until bone union was achieved. The average age of the patients was 49.7 (range, 24–72) years. The average time from injury to consultation was 4.7 (range, 0.2–21.4 weeks). The treatment involved 4 weeks of casting from the forearm to the metacarpophalangeal joint, followed by 8 weeks of splint fixation of the wrist. Follow-up computed tomography scans were performed every 4 weeks.
Results
Bone union was achieved in all patients. The average duration of casting was 3.3 (range, 0–5) weeks, and the average duration of splint fixation thereafter was 9.3 (range, 0–28) weeks. No complications were associated with cast immobilization.
Conclusion
Conservative treatment with external fixation may be an option for hook of hamate fractures.
Improved empirical zenith tropospheric wet delay models based on a novel machine learning fusion algorithm
Authors: Zhang Jiahao , Liang Qin , Huang Yunqing 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Zenith tropospheric wet delay (ZWD) plays a vital role in the analysis of space geodetic observations. In recent years, machine learning methods have been increasingly applied to improve the accuracy of ZWD calculations. The most widely used approaches are random forest (RF) and back propagation neural network (BPNN) models, both of which have shown promising results in terms of internal accuracy (where test stations are included in the training set). However, the external accuracy (where test stations are excluded from the training set) of these models still requires improvement. To address this issue, this study introduces two new methods: Extra Trees (ET) and a novel machine learning fusion (MLF) algorithm, aimed at enhancing ZWD accuracy. The MLF algorithm utilizes a two-layer structure that integrates ET, BPNN, and linear regression models. By comparing the root mean squared error (RMSE) of these models, we found that both ET-based and MLF-based models outperform RF-based and BPNN-based models in terms of internal and external accuracy, across both surface meteorological data-based and blind models. The improvement in external accuracy is particularly significant in the blind models. Our results show that the MLF (with an RMSE of 3.93 cm) and ET (3.99 cm) models outperform the traditional GPT3 model (4.07 cm), while the RF (4.21cm) and BPNN (4.14cm) have worse external accuracies than the GPT3 model. In summary, regardless of the availability of surface meteorological data, the MLF-based empirical models demonstrate superior internal and external accuracy compared to the other tested models in this study.
Predicting Attitudes toward Professional Help-Seeking: The Role of Self-Stigma and Mental Health Literacy
Authors: Hartini Nurul , Wardana Nido Dipo , Ambarini Tri Kurniati , Suminar Dewi Retno , Sosialita Tiara Diah , Nisa Valina Khiarin , Schultze-Lutter Frauke , Sumari Melati 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
Mental health disorders are prevalent worldwide, yet treatment-seeking behaviors, especially in low-middle income countries like Indonesia, remain limited. Barriers such as stigma, cultural beliefs, and low mental health literacy (MHL) often inhibit individuals from seeking professional help. This study examines whether MHL and self-stigma predict attitudes toward professional psychological help-seeking in Indonesian adults.
Method:
A convenience sample of 887 Indonesian adults (aged 18–40) was recruited through online surveys. Participants were assessed using translated versions of established scales, including the Mental Health Literacy Scale, Self-Stigma of Seeking Help Scale, and the Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale. Data were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression to evaluate the predictive roles of MHL and self-stigma on help-seeking attitudes, controlling for sociodemographic factors.
Results:
Self-stigma stood out as the strongest predictor of help-seeking attitudes, accounting for nearly all of the explained variance (partial η² = .25). A post-hoc power analysis confirmed a substantial R² increase in the linear regression, with an effect size (f²) of .33 derived directly from the partial R². Notably, self-stigma significantly influenced negative attitudes toward seeking professional help, explaining 25.2% of the variance in these attitudes. In contrast to initial expectations, mental health literacy (MHL) did not significantly impact help-seeking attitudes, and sociodemographic factors such as age, sex, and education showed no meaningful relationship with these attitudes after controlling for stigma.
Conclusion:
The findings highlight the importance of addressing self-stigma to improve help-seeking behavior in collectivistic cultures like Indonesia. While enhancing MHL is important, interventions should reduce anticipated self-stigma to foster positive attitudes toward professional psychological help-seeking.
ZLY-SLAM: RGB-D dense semantic SLAM system based on point and line features in dynamic environments
Authors: Zhu Daixian , LV Jiahao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Visual simultaneous localisation and map construction (Visual SLAM) is a key technology that enables a robot to construct a map of its environment from visual data and simultaneously determine its position in the map. However, traditional SLAM systems typically assume a static environment and exhibit significant limitations in dynamic scenarios, limiting the breadth of their practical applications. To address this problem, this paper proposes an RGB-D dense semantic SLAM system based on point and line features. The system introduces a ZippyPoint feature network in the feature extraction stage to replace the traditional ORB features, and enhances the robustness and matching accuracy in complex scenes by combining with LSD line features. Meanwhile, fine semantic segmentation of dynamic objects is performed by integrating the YOLOv9c-seg network, and a dynamic feature filtering method combining semantic information and polar geometric constraints is proposed, which effectively filters out the dynamic point and line features, and significantly reduces the positioning error. To make up for the deficiency of sparse point cloud maps in detail restoration, low-noise and high-precision dense point cloud maps are successfully constructed through the strategies of ghosting elimination and filter optimisation. Experimental results on the TUM RGB-D dataset and homemade dataset show that the proposed system in this paper improves the localisation accuracy in TUM high dynamic sequences by an average of 97.22% compared to ORB-SLAM3, and it also exhibits good adaptability and stability in the homemade dataset, with a comprehensive performance superior to that of many other state-of-the-art dynamic SLAM systems.
Sliding Mode-based Distributed Event-triggered Secondary Control for Islanded Microgrid
Authors: Li Xin , Wang Xiaodong , Zhu Liangkuan , ban Mingfei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This paper investigates the fixed-time distributed secondary control (DSC) problem for an islanded AC microgrid (MG) consisting of multiple distributed generators (DGs) subject to bounded disturbances, aiming to compensate for deviations arising from primary control. An innovative robust control strategy is proposed, which integrates a dynamic event-triggered (DET) communication mechanism with an integral sliding mode surface, effectively conserving communication resources while providing strong immunity against disturbances. The strategy employs a variable exponent sliding mode reaching law to accelerate convergence, thereby ensuring the reachability of the sliding mode surface. Fur-themore, this strategy guarantees that the voltage and frequency of the DGs under disturbance are synchronized to their reference values within a fixed-time and achieves power distribution within a fixed-time while avoiding zeno behavior. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed strategy is validated through a simulation example involving a MG with four DGs.
Multi-modal tooth decay recognition based on Contrastive Learning and Multi-label
Authors: Dao Quynh , Manh Cuong Nguyen , Van Tien Nguyen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

In the field of image processing, multi-label learning poses a significant challenge, especially in cavity recognition. Additionally, combining multi-label learning with contrastive learning represents a substantial advancement in image processing and serves as a motivation to support cavity recognition in humans, aiding dentists in making more effective diagnoses. In this paper, we propose a deep learning model to learn both multi-label features and image features. Since multi-label features and image features are inherently discrete, using contrastive learning and a multi-label model is a way to connect them. Extensive experiments were conducted on the ImageNet-mini dataset and our self-collected P-Deltal dataset, achieving 85.65% and 89.28% mAP, respectively, for each dataset.
ST-CDPRN: 3D Point Cloud Reconstruction Method With Self-Training Conditional Diffusion
Authors: Hu Xiaoyu , Wang Xingmei , Yang Dongmei , Feng Ze , Wang Xuehan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The method of using images for 3D reconstruction is currently the focus of research as a bridge to connect the 2D and 3D worlds. However, this image-based reconstruction method relies heavily on data volume, making it difficult to achieve high-quality reconstruction in small data situations. Recently, Self-training has received attention due to its high efficiency in small data sizes. This article investigates how to develop a semi supervised 3D reconstruction method. Specifically, our proposed detector addresses the issues of insufficient utilization of image information and lack of details in the reconstructed point cloud during the 3D reconstruction process. On the basis of the conditional diffusion 3D point cloud reconstruction network model, we propose a 3D point cloud reconstruction method with self training conditional diffusion (ST-CDPRN) to address the scarcity of 3D point cloud labeled samples and the high dependence of the model on a large amount of labeled data in practical applications. The proposed framework ensures robust reconstruction performance in the case of limited labeled data. The comparative and ablation experiments results between ShapeNet and CO3D datasets show that the 3D point cloud reconstruction method with self-training conditional diffusion has an overall performance improvement of 11.35% compared to ordinary methods.
CORDEX Ensemble-based drought projections for Sindh Province of Pakistan under climate change
Authors: Hussain Zafar , Wang Zongmin , Yang Haibo , Aziz Rizwan , Azam Muhammad Imran , Usman Muhammad , Arfan Muhammad , Faisal Muhammad , Gao Meiyan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Climate change threatens water-scarce regions significantly. This study utilized an ensemble of four CORDEX models to project droughts under climate change in Sindh Province, Pakistan, from 2011 to 2099, using 1981–2010 as the reference period. Droughts were analyzed under two representative concentration pathways (RCPs): 2.6 and 8.5. A distribution mapping approach was applied for bias correction against observed data from eight stations and the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), which measures drought severity, was calculated at 6, 12, and 24-month timescales. Drought duration and severity were identified using run theory. Results indicate an overall decrease in SPEI, implying worsening drought conditions under both RCPs, with more severe droughts expected under RCP 8.5. The most significant declines in SPEI were noted from 2011 to 2040 under RCP 2.6 and from 2071 to 2099 under RCP 8.5. Hyderabad and MohenjoDaro exhibited the highest drought frequencies under RCP 2.6 (41 and 38%, respectively), while Rohri and Padidan showed the highest under RCP 8.5 (45 and 42%, respectively). The findings emphasize the urgency of adopting localized adaptation strategies to reduce escalating risks and impacts of prolonged and severe droughts driven by climate change.
Antiproliferative Activity of Cephalotaxus Esters: Overcoming Chemoresistance
Authors: Yong-Gonzalez Vladimir , Radu Constantin , Calder Paul A. , Shum David , Gin David Y. , Frattini Mark G. , Djaballah Hakim 
Published: October 2024

Introduction:
Omacetaxine, a semisynthetic form of Homoharringtonine (HHT), was
approved for the treatment of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML). Previously, we have published
the synthesis of this natural alkaloid and three of its derivatives: Deoxyharringtonine
(DHT), Deoxyhomoharringtonine (DHHT), and Bis(demethyl)-deoxyharringtonine (BDHT),
and reported its refractory activity against the HL-60/RV+ cells over-expressing P-glycoprotein
1 (MDR1).

Methods:
In this study, we have explored the extent of this resistance by first expanding the
panel of established cell lines and using a panel of 21 leukemia patient-derived primary cells.

Results:
Herein, we have reported consistent resistance to HTT of K562-derived cells and to mitoxantrone
of MES-SA/MX2-derived cells; all of them have been found to overexpress MDR1,
while we have found U87MG-ABCG2 and H69AR cells to be very sensitive to HTT. In contrast,
DHT, DHHT, and BDHT seemingly overcame this resistance due to the changes made to
the acyl chain of HTT, rendering the derivatives less susceptible to efflux. Surprisingly, the leukemia
primary cells were very sensitive to HHT and its derivatives with low nanomolar potencies,
followed by a new class of CDC7 kinase inhibitors, the anthracycline class of topoisomerase
inhibitors, the DNA intercalator actinomycin-D, and the vinca alkaloid class of microtubule
inhibitors. The mechanism of cell death induced by HTT and DHHT was found to be mediated
via caspase 3 cleavage, leading to apoptosis.

Conclusion:
Taken together, our results confirm that HHT is a substrate for MDR1. It opens the
door to a new opportunity to clinically evaluate HHT and its derivatives for the treatment of
AML and other cancers.
Hepatoprotective Effect of Callicarpa lanata (L.) against Antituberculosis Treatment-induced Acute Hepatotoxicity
Authors: Najar Imtiyaz Ahmed , Qadrie Zulfkar Latief , Balasubramanian Rajkapoor , Patyar Sazal , Arora Poonam , Mal Pankaj , Kumar Manish 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Hepatotoxicity is a major complication of antitubercular therapy (ATT).
Herbal remedies might alleviate ATT-induced hepatotoxicity owing to a wide range of bioactive
phytoconstituents.

Objectives:
The present study evaluated the hepatoprotective effects of Callicarpa lanata (L.)
leaves against ATT.

Methods:
The ethanolic extract of C. lanata (L.) leaves (EECL) was prepared, and rutin was analyzed
in the extract using HPTLC. ATT (Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol) was
administered in Wistar rats to induce hepatotoxicity, and EECL (200 and 400 mg/kg) or silymarin
(100 mg/kg) was given orally for 35 days.

Results:
EECL ameliorated (p < 0.05) different blood biomarkers (aminotransferases, alkaline
phosphatase, serum protein, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, lactate dehydrogenase, and total bilirubin)
of liver injury against ATT. EECL enhanced (p < 0.05) hepatic sulfhydryl (-SH) group antioxidants
along with a substantial upsurge in antioxidant enzymes and Nrf-2 levels and decreased
hepatic lipid peroxidation. A decrease (p < 0.05) in ATT-induced hepatic pro-inflammatory cytokines,
NF-κB, and liver lysosomal (cathepsin D and β-galactosidase) and cytochrome P450 enzymes
(CYP2E1 and CYP3A4) was observed in EECL-treated rats. Histopathological studies
showed improved hepatocellular structure against oxidative- and inflammation-induced necrosis
and other tissue modifications by EECL. The HPTLC analysis showed the presence of rutin in the
crude extract.

Conclusion:
Evidence suggests that C. lanata protects against ATT-induced hepatic injury, and
rutin might be responsible for the beneficial effects. C. lanata leaves have therapeutic potential in
mitigating drug-induced (ATT) hepatotoxic effects.
Review of Flexible Wearable Polymer Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Materials for Detection Devices
Authors: Wu Haitao , Wei Ran , Wang Hu , Yang Jianming , Li Xiao , Tian Wenyan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract:
For the development of flexible electronics-based detection devices, effective electromagnetic
shielding materials are of great significance because electromagnetic radiation, as a common
environmental phenomenon, may adversely affect the devices and human health. This article reviews
the research background and progress of flexible wearable polymer electromagnetic interference
(EMI) shielding materials from a structural point of view and predicts their future development
trend. Flexible wearable EMI shielding materials have become the focus of research because of their
unique flexibility and shielding efficiency, including homogeneous, isolated, porous, layered, prepaid,
and other structures. At present, there is a mutually restrictive relationship between the structure
and properties of flexible EMI shielding materials. Therefore, the flexibility, transparency, and
EMI shielding properties of the material must be balanced during the design and preparation process.
Although certain results have been achieved, it still needs to be further optimized in terms of air
permeability, washing resistance, and environmental friendliness. In the future, flexible EMI shielding
materials will develop in the direction of being multi-functional, green, thin, and intelligent to
meet the growing application needs.