bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of nitrogen and antimony on the optical quality of InNAs(Sb) alloys
Authors: Latkowska M , Baranowski M , Linhart W M , Janiaka F , Misiewicz J , Segercrantz N , Tuomisto F , Zhuang Q , Krier A , Kudrawiec R 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
In this work we present detailed studies of the influence of nitrogen and antimony on the optical quality of InNAs(Sb) alloys. We employed photoluminescence, photoreflectance and positron annihilation spectroscopy to reveal the role of antimony and nitrogen on the improvement/degradation of the optical qualities of InNAs(Sb) alloys. A series of 1 μm-thick InNAs(Sb) layers with different nitrogen and antimony concentrations were grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The results of these investigations show that Sb atoms serve as a surfactant which effectively improves the optical quality of InNAsSb alloys. The influence of nitrogen on the optical quality however is not the same as to what has been reported for other dilute nitrides. We observed an improvement of the optical quality for some nitrogen contents. These issues are comprehensively examined and explained.
Immunomodulatory drugs inhibit TLR4-induced type-1 interferon production independently of Cereblon via suppression of the TRIF/IRF3 pathway
Authors: Millrine David , Miyata Haruhiko , Tei Mami , Dubey Praveen , Nyati Kishan , Nakahama Taisuke , Gemechu Yohannes , Ripley Barry , Kishimoto Tadamitsu 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Thalidomide and its derivatives, collectively referred to as immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), are effective inhibitors of inflammation and are known to inhibit TLR-induced TNFα production. The identification of Cereblon as the receptor for these compounds has led to a rapid advancement in our understanding of IMiD properties; however, there remain no studies addressing the role of Cereblon in mediating the suppressive effect of IMiDs on TLR responses. Here, we developed Cereblon-deficient mice using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. TLR-induced cytokine responses were unaffected by Cereblon deficiency in vivo. Moreover, IMiD treatment inhibited cytokine production even in the absence of Cereblon. The IMiD-induced suppression of cytokine production therefore occurs independently of Cereblon in mice. Further investigation revealed that IMiDs are potent inhibitors of TLR-induced type-1 interferon production via suppression of the TRIF/IRF3 pathway. These data suggest that IMiDs may prove effective in the treatment of disorders characterized by the ectopic production of type-1 interferon. Significantly, these properties are mediated separately from thalidomide’s teratogenic receptor, Cereblon. Thus, certain therapeutic properties of Thalidomide can be separated from its harmful side effects.
Spectral analysis of SMC X-2 during its 2015 outburst
Authors: La Palombara N. , Sidoli L. , Pintore F. , Esposito P. , Mereghetti S. , Tiengo A. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
We report on the results of XMM–Newton and Swift observations of SMC X-2 during its last outburst in 2015 October, the first one since 2000. The source reached a very high luminosity (L ∼ 1038 erg s−1), which allowed us to perform a detailed analysis of its timing and spectral properties. We obtained a pulse period Pspin = 2.372267(5) s and a characterization of the pulse profile also at low energies. The main spectral component is a hard (Γ ≃ 0) power-law model with an exponential cut-off, but at low energies we detected also a soft (with kT ≃ 0.15 keV) thermal component. Several emission lines are present in the spectrum. Their identification with the transition lines of highly ionized N, O, Ne, Si, and Fe suggests the presence of photoionized matter around the accreting source.
Niger-Congo
Authors: Dimmendaal Gerrit J. , Storch Anne 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This contribution provides an overview of the research history and contested classification of Niger-Congo, one of the world’s largest phyla. Despite convincing evidence for the genetic coherence of core families, some groupings traditionally seen as Niger-Congo need to be considered as independent families. Recent comparative research on individual families shows systematic correspondences between many grammatical morphemes and suggests that the phylum’s typological heterogeneity is based largely on regional diversification. Although features such as ATR-based vowel harmony, noun classes, verb extensions, serial verb constructions, and constituent order variation are very characteristic of many Niger-Congo languages, their original shape cannot yet be convincingly reconstructed. To better understand the processes that led to the present picture, Niger-Congo studies will have to rely largely on bottom-up approaches such as reconstruction of lower-level units, research on the sociolinguistic history of single languages or clusters, and interdisciplinary approaches to individual linguistic regions and expansion areas.
Functional Outcome of Humeral Rodding in Children With Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Ashby Elizabeth , Montpetit Kathleen , Hamdy Reggie C. , Fassier Francois 
Published: February 2016

Background:
The impact of humeral rodding on functional ability in children with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) has not previously been reported. This article investigates this issue.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review was conducted on 35 children with OI who underwent humeral rodding at our institution between 1995 and 2013. Fassier-Duval rods were inserted in 19 cases, K-wires in 13 cases, and Rush rods in 3 cases. Functional ability was assessed preoperatively and every year postoperatively using the self-care and mobility domains of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI).

Results:
The mean PEDI self-care score increased by 5.7 (P=0.028) and the mean PEDI mobility score increased by 3.6 (P=0.008) at 1-year postsurgery. Improved function was maintained in the majority of cases at a mean of 7.0 years postcorrection.

Conclusions:
Humeral rodding in children with OI leads to significant improvement in functional ability.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Do Sublaminar Polyester Bands Affect the Outcomes of Postoperative Infections After Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Surgery?
Authors: Issa Samir P. , Angelliaume Audrey , Vidal Christophe , Mazda Keyvan , Ilharreborde Brice 
Published: February 2016

Background:
The incidence of surgical site infections (SSI) after adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) surgery ranges from 0.5% to 7%. There is currently a regain of interest in hybrid constructs, combining lumbar pedicle screws and thoracic sublaminar bands, but some authors have raised concerns about the risk of SSI and the difficulty of bacterial eradication. The goal of this study was therefore to assess the outcomes of SSI after AIS surgery using sublaminar bands.

Methods:
A total of 524 consecutive patients operated for AIS using sublaminar bands between June 2006 and June 2014 were included. SSI cases were identified and analyzed retrospectively. Radiologic and functional outcomes were evaluated at follow-up using EOS imaging and SRS 30 scores, and compared with a control group.

Results:
The overall SSI rate was 5.3%, with a majority of monomicrobial (86%) infections occurring in the first 6 weeks postoperative (93%). The most frequent pathogens were skin germs (Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes) with a community profile. Patients were treated successfully with surgical debridement without implants removal, associated with 6 weeks of antibiotherapy. However, 25% of patients required >1 surgical debridement. Instrumentation removal was decided in the 2 cases with late SSI, and performed uneventfully. Radiologic and functional outcomes at follow-up were not affected by the occurrence of SSI.

Conclusions:
Sublaminar bands are not associated with a higher risk of infection. However, the SSI rate in the current study stands in the upper range of the literature, and other preventive strategies should be considered. In case of early infection, bands removal is not necessary to obtain pathogen eradication, but the sublaminar implants can be pulled out safely in case of late SSI. The occurrence of SSI does not alter the outcomes at follow-up.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Depth and Patterns of Adnexal Involvement in Primary Extramammary (Anogenital) Paget Disease: A Study of 178 Lesions From 146 Patients
Authors: Konstantinova Anastasia M. , Shelekhova Ksenya V. , Stewart Colin J. , Spagnolo Dominic V. , Kutzner Heinz , Kacerovska Denisa , Plaza Jose A. , Suster Saul , Bouda Jiri , Pavlovsky Michal , Kyrpychova Liubov , Michal Michal , Guenova Emmanuella , Kazakov Dmitry V. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract:
Extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) is a rare neoplasm usually presenting in the anogenital area, most commonly in the vulva. Adnexal involvement in primary EMPD is a very common feature and serves as a pathway for carcinoma to spread into deeper tissue. The depth of carcinomatous spread along the appendages and the patterns of adnexal involvement were studied in 178 lesions from 146 patients with primary EMPD. Hair follicles and eccrine ducts were the adnexa most commonly affected by carcinoma cells. The maximal depth of involvement was 3.6 mm in this series. When planning topical therapy or developing novel local treatment modalities for EMPD, this potential for significant deep spread along adnexa should be taken into account.
Syringocystadenocarcinoma Papilliferum In Situ–Like Changes in Extramammary Paget Disease: A Report of 11 Cases
Authors: Konstantinova Anastasia M. , Kacerovska Denisa , Stewart Colin J. R. , Szepe Peter , Pitha Jan , Sulc Miroslav , Bencik Vladimir , Michal Michal , Shideler Barbara , Kerl Katrin , Kazakov Dmitry V. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract:
The authors report 11 cases of extramammary Paget disease (EMPD), all of which also demonstrated a combination of histological changes highly reminiscent of syringocystadenocarcinoma papilliferum in situ. In addition to the classical features of EMPD, characterized by the intraepidermal spread of individually dispersed neoplastic cells with ample cytoplasm, many of which contained mucin, there were areas of acanthosis with the substitution of spinous layer keratinocytes by neoplastic cells, whereas the native basal cell layer was intact. In addition to acanthosis (and sometimes papillomatosis), the dermal papillae showed a prominent infiltrate of plasma cells, completing the resemblance to syringocystadenocarcinoma papilliferum in situ; this similarity was further enhanced in 2 cases, which showed conspicuous gland formation. One additional case showed multifocal dermal proliferations compatible with eccrine syringofibroadenoma (syringofibroadenomatous hyperplasia). The changes described herein seem to be relatively rare in EMPD, and they can represent a diagnostic pitfall, as evidenced by 2 cases that were originally misinterpreted as syringocystadenocarcinoma papilliferum in situ. Clinically, these microscopic changes sometimes corresponded to nodular lesions, which were specifically noted to have a papillated erosive surface.
The work-based predictors of job engagement and job satisfaction experienced by community health professionals
Authors: Noblet Andrew J. , Allisey Amanda F. , Nielsen Ingrid L. , Cotton Stacey , LaMontagne Anthony D. , Page Kathryn M. 
Published: February 2016

Background:
Job engagement represents a critical resource for community-based health care agencies to achieve high levels of effectiveness. However, studies examining the organizational sources of job engagement among health care professionals have generally overlooked those workers based in community settings.

Purpose:
This study drew on the demand–control model, in addition to stressors that are more specific to community health services (e.g., unrewarding management practices), to identify conditions that are closely associated with the engagement experienced by a community health workforce. Job satisfaction was also included as a way of assessing how the predictors of job engagement differ from those associated with other job attitudes.

Methodology/Approach:
Health and allied health care professionals (n = 516) from two Australian community health services took part in the current investigation. Responses from the two organizations were pooled and analyzed using linear multiple regression.

Findings:
The analyses revealed that three working conditions were predictive of both job engagement and job satisfaction (i.e., job control, quantitative demands, and unrewarding management practices). There was some evidence of differential effects with cognitive demands being associated with job engagement, but not job satisfaction.

Practice Implications:
The results provide important insights into the working conditions that, if addressed, could play key roles in building a more engaged and satisfied community health workforce. Furthermore, working conditions like job control and management practices are amenable to change and thus represent important areas where community health services could enhance the energetic and motivational resources of their employees.
Changes in Tear Film Characteristics in Patients With Idiopathic Dacryoadenitis
Authors: Xue Kang , Ren Hui , Liu Ailin , Qian Jiang 
Published: February 2016

Purpose:
To evaluate the tear-film meniscus with optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with idiopathic dacryoadenitis and to determine its relationships with the clinical tests.

Methods:
Sixteen patients with unilateral idiopathic dacryoadenitis were included in the study. Patients with idiopathic dacryoadenitis with affected sites (group 1), with contralateral sites (group 2) and healthy participants (group 3) completed the ocular surface disease index before optical coherence tomography determination of tear meniscus height and tear meniscus area. These were followed by measurements of tear breakup time, fluorescein staining, and Schirmer test. Finally, surgical debulking or incisional biopsies were conducted.

Results:
Tear meniscus height and tear meniscus area were the lowest in patients with affected sites (group 1) among the 3 groups (p < 0.05). Breakup time was the shortest in group 1 (p < 0.05). In the group 1, breakup time, fluorescein staining score, and histopathological phases were significantly correlated with tear meniscus height and tear meniscus area (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Tear function was significantly disturbed in idiopathic dacryoadenitis. Tear menisci volumes measured by optical coherence tomography may assess the tearing function in patients with idiopathic dacryoadenitis.
Comparison of Two Polypropylene Frontalis Suspension Techniques in 92 Patients With Oculopharyngeal Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Kalin-Hajdu Evan , Attas-Fox Liat , Huang Xi , Hardy Isabelle , Codère François 
Published: February 2016

Purpose:
To compare the functional outcome of the polypropylene trapezoid frontalis suspension with the polypropylene modified Crawford frontalis suspension in a large cohort of patients with oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy.

Methods:
Retrospective, nonrandomized comparative case series. Patients with oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy who underwent bilateral polypropylene frontalis suspension were selected for chart review. Main outcome measures were margin reflex distance, duration of surgery, and ptosis recurrence.

Results:
Ninety-two patients qualified for chart review; 39 patients underwent the trapezoid sling and 53 patients the modified Crawford sling. There was no difference in preoperative margin reflex distance or levator function between the 2 surgical groups. Postoperative improvement in margin reflex distance was 2.95 ± 1.56 mm in the trapezoid group compared with 2.85 ± 1.65 mm in the modified Crawford group (p = 0.67). Duration of surgery was 40.49 ± 13.33 minutes in the trapezoid group compared with 53.77 ± 16.04 minutes in the modified Crawford group (p < 0.001). Five percent of eyes in the trapezoid group had ptosis recurrence compared with 13% of eyes in the modified Crawford group (p = 0.07).

Conclusion:
Both polypropylene frontalis suspension techniques generated an equivalent increase in margin reflex distance. However, the trapezoid frontalis suspension required less operative time and trended toward a lower rate of ptosis recurrence.
Compliance With Protective Lens Wear in Anophthalmic Patients
Authors: Neimkin Michael G. , Custer Philip L. 
Published: February 2016

Purpose:
To evaluate the frequency of protective lens wear by anophthalmic patients and identify factors that influence compliance.

Methods:
An IRB approved descriptive retrospective chart review of patients undergoing surgery with the senior author (PLC) with an anophthalmic orbit and one remaining sighted eye. Results were tabulated and analyzed using age, indication for procedure, duration of visual symptoms, safety glasses wear, number of postoperative visits, and evidence of new trauma to the remaining eye. All patients underwent counseling on the importance of protective lens wear preoperatively and each subsequent visit.

Results:
Etiologies for loss of the eye in the 132 study patients included trauma (33.3%), blind painful eye (33.3%), congenital disorders (14.4%), adult-onset malignancy (14.4%), and retinoblastoma (4.5%). At the final visit, protective lenses were worn in the following patterns: full-time (55.3%), frequently (11.4%), occasional (6%), and never (28.8%). The regular use of protective eyewear at last visit was more common in patients wearing glasses at presentation (79.7%), than in those who did not (32.9%; p ≤ 0.001). Increased number of office encounters correlated with more frequent use of protective eyewear (p ≤ 0.01). Patient age (p = 0.95), indication for surgery (p = 0.97), and duration of visual loss (p = 0.85) were not predictive of safety glasses wear. Three patients had evidence of subsequent ocular trauma to the remaining eye, with 2 having resultant decrease in acuity; none of these 3 patients wore safety glasses full-time.

Conclusions:
A significant number of anopthalmic patients were not wearing protective lenses at presentation. Overall compliance was poor; but repeated education on the importance of safety glasses appears to improve compliance. Educating referring providers and primary care physicians about the importance of early and repeated counseling is vital to increasing compliance.
Individualized Care in the Radiation Oncology Setting From the Patients’ and Nurses’ Perspectives
Authors: Rose Pauline M. 
Published: February 2016

Background:
Radiation oncology nurses engage in individualized supportive care of people undergoing radiotherapy. A primary nursing/collaborative practice framework guides the delivery of individualized care to patients.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to describe and compare patients’ and nurses’ perceptions of individualized care in 2 radiotherapy centers.

Methods:
This cross-sectional, comparative study collected data from patients (n = 173) undergoing curative radiotherapy and their nurses (n = 30), using the Individualized Care scales: patient and nurse.

Results:
Moderate to high levels of individual care were perceived by both patients and nurses. More than a third of the item scores for patients reached the more than 4.5 mean score (13/34 [38.2%]), whereby more than half of the items reached this level for nurses (20/34 [58.8%]). The highest scores for both patients and nurses were in the Decisional Control subscales, and the lowest scores were in the Personal Life subscales. Males rated being treated as individuals significantly higher than did females across the majority of subscales. Patients receiving chemotherapy perceived less acknowledgement of individuality overall. Older nurses (46–70 years) reported acknowledging and supporting patient individuality more than did younger nurses. Nurses perceived greater individualized care than patients for the Personal Life scales (A: p = .001); (B: p = .001) and in the acknowledgement of Decisional Control (p = .001).

Conclusion:
A moderate level of individualized nursing care was perceived by the largely outpatient cohort of patients undergoing radiotherapy.

Implications for Practice:
The model of care in these departments may contribute to patient individuality. Further work into gender differences and those receiving chemotherapy may improve care for these patients.
Oligonucleotide-Mediated Genome Editing Provides Precision and Function to Engineered Nucleases and Antibiotics in Plants
Authors: Sauer Noel J. , Narváez-Vásquez Javier , Mozoruk Jerry , Miller Ryan B. , Warburg Zachary J. , Woodward Melody J. , Mihiret Yohannes A. , Lincoln Tracey A. , Segami Rosa E. , Sanders Steven L. , Walker Keith A. , Beetham Peter R. , Schöpke Christian R. , Gocal Greg F.W. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractHere, we report a form of oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis for precision genome editing in plants that uses single-stranded oligonucleotides (ssODNs) to precisely and efficiently generate genome edits at DNA strand lesions made by DNA double strand break reagents. Employing a transgene model in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), we obtained a high frequency of precise targeted genome edits when ssODNs were introduced into protoplasts that were pretreated with the glycopeptide antibiotic phleomycin, a nonspecific DNA double strand breaker. Simultaneous delivery of ssODN and a site-specific DNA double strand breaker, either transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) or clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats (CRISPR/Cas9), resulted in a much greater targeted genome-editing frequency compared with treatment with DNA double strand-breaking reagents alone. Using this site-specific approach, we applied the combination of ssODN and CRISPR/Cas9 to develop an herbicide tolerance trait in flax (Linum usitatissimum) by precisely editing the 5′-ENOLPYRUVYLSHIKIMATE-3-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (EPSPS) genes. EPSPS edits occurred at sufficient frequency that we could regenerate whole plants from edited protoplasts without employing selection. These plants were subsequently determined to be tolerant to the herbicide glyphosate in greenhouse spray tests. Progeny (C1) of these plants showed the expected Mendelian segregation of EPSPS edits. Our findings show the enormous potential of using a genome-editing platform for precise, reliable trait development in crop plants.
The Whiteway Anarchists in the Twentieth Century: A Transnational Community in the Cotswolds
Authors: Taylor Antony 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis article traces the later history of the Whiteway anarchist community in Gloucestershire. The sole survivor of the various communal experiments of the latter half of the nineteenth century, the Whiteway colony was a bohemian enclave that attracted political militants, draft‐dodgers, exponents of colonial separatism, and cultural and religious dissidents in exile from Europe. In common with other settlements of this nature in Europe and North America, Whiteway received considerable voyeuristic and prurient attention from the state, police, anti‐vice activists and near neighbours. This article examines the mythology surrounding Whiteway, and considers the arguments about its later significance in the twentieth century. Locating the community in the traditions of political protest, it relates the history of Whiteway to broader debates about the role of alternative cultures within British popular politics and memory. Re‐examining Whiteway's reputation for the exotic and the aberrant, this article unearths previously unused documents about the colony to reassess the changing moral and political attitudes displayed towards the community by reformers and anti‐reformers at the beginning of the twentieth century.