bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of metakaolins from Eseka and Dibamba‐Cameroon as an optimization additive of CEM I Portland cement mortar
Authors: Tchamba Arlin Bruno , Esunsen Jongie Placide , Kanouo Nguo Sylvestre , Duna Linda Lekuna , Dikwa Jérôme , Mbessa Michel , Gnamsi Guy Molay Tchapga , Mimpouo Blaise , Bwemba Charles , Nkeng George Elambo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe present study deals with two kaolins from Eseka and Dibamba‐Cameroon to determine their potential suitability as additive of CEM I 42.5R and to optimize the properties of cement in the sense to promote low‐carbon cement. X‐ray diffractometry was used to establish the mineralogical composition of two kaolins. X‐ray fluorescence was carried out to determine the chemical composition of kaolins and cement. Fine metakaolin powders obtained at 700°C were used as additive in CEM I 42.5R. Furthermore, consistency, setting time, water absorption, compressive and flexural test, and shrinkage test were evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy analysis was carried out to evaluate the microstructure variation. The substitution of CEM I with metakaolin resulted in a considerable increase in compressive and flexural strength from days 7 to 28 at optimum value. The compressive and flexural strengths at 28 days at optimum value of metakaolin increase to 52% and 44%, respectively, explaining the equilibrium oxides in the cement. The maximum values of strength with 20 wt.% MK1 and 30 wt.% MK2 at 7, 14, and 28 days appear in both cases when the ratio of SiO2/Al2O3 is between 2.8 and 2.9. The silica modulus and alumina modulus of cement–metakaolin improved when metakaolin was added. The properties of cement were optimized with a 52% increase in compressive strength at 28 days.
Simultaneous Hydrogenation of an Insulated Diarylacetylene Dimer Incorporated as Axle Molecules in a Cyclodextrin‐Based [c2]Daisy Chain Rotaxane
Authors: Tsuda Susumu , Yano Yumeki , Yamaguchi Masaki , Fujiwara Shin‐ichi , Nishiyama Yutaka 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe [c2]daisy chain rotaxane is an attractive interlocked molecule for the development of functional materials because of its unique mechanical properties that respond to various external stimuli, resulting in extension and contraction motions along the molecular axis. The synthesis of several ‘impossible’ [2]rotaxanes that do not exhibit obvious binding motifs between their axle and wheel moieties has been achieved through further chemical modification of their axle moieties within pre‐prepared [2]rotaxanes. However, no ‘impossible’ [c2]daisy chain rotaxane has been synthesized using similar strategies until now. In this study, we investigated the hydrogenation of diarylacetylene moieties within a permethylated α‐cyclodextrin (PM α‐CD)‐based [c2]daisy chain rotaxane using Pd/C or Pd/CaCO3 under hydrogen. A new [c2]daisy chain rotaxane featuring two diarylethane moieties was successfully synthesized through the simultaneous full hydrogenation of the insulated diarylacetylene moieties under optimized conditions. The new rotaxane is classified as an ‘impossible’ [c2]daisy chain rotaxane due to the lack of obvious binding motifs between diarylethane and the PM α‐CD. This work demonstrates for the first time that the insulated axle moieties of [c2]daisy chain rotaxanes can undergo novel chemical modifications using a synthetic strategy employing transition metal‐catalyzed hydrogenation, which can potentially advance the development of nanoarchitectures with functional interlocked molecules.
Microscale heat and mass transfer characteristics of CO2 flooding in nanotubes of tight oil reservoirs
Authors: Wang Rui 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe mechanism of heat and mass transfer in tight oil reservoirs after CO2 injection is complex. In this paper, first, a CO2 transfer model within microscale adjacent nanotubes in tight oil reservoirs is established. Then, the typical heat and mass transfer characteristics of microscale CO2 in tight oil reservoirs is analyzed, and the influence of grid density on the calculation results is discussed. Finally, the influence of thermal conductivity of tight oil reservoirs on CO2 physical properties parameters is revealed. Results show that: (a) From the inlet end of the thick nanotube to the outlet of the nanotube, the pressure of CO2 drops from 3.5 to 3.3697 MPa. (b) When the mesh length is equal to 5 nm, the CO2 pressure in the thin nanotube drops from 3.5 to 3.3329 MPa, and the CO2 pressure in the thick nanotube drops from 3.5 to 3.2018 MPa. (c) Organic amines react with CO2 to form salts, which can seal high permeability layers and cracks, but there is a risk of environmental pollution.
A chronicle of titanium niobium oxide materials for high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries: From laboratory to industry
Authors: Peng Cancan , Liang Suzhe , Yu Ying , Cao Longhao , Yang Chao , Liu Xiaosong , Guo Kunkun , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter , Cheng Ya‐Jun , Wang Changhong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTitanium niobium oxide (TiNbxO2 + 2.5x) is emerging as a promising electrode material for rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) due to its exceptional safety characteristics, high electrochemical properties (e.g., cycling stability and rate performance), and eco‐friendliness. However, several intrinsic critical drawbacks, such as relatively low electrical conductivity, significantly hinder its practical applications. Developing reliable strategies is crucial to accelerating the practical use of TiNbxO2 + 2.5x‐based materials in LIBs, especially high‐power LIBs. Here, we provide a chronicle review of the research progress on TiNbxO2 + 2.5x‐based anodes from the early 1950s to the present, which is classified into early stage (before 2008), emerging stage (2008–2012), explosive stage (2013–2017), commercialization (2018), steady development (2018–2022), and new breakthrough stage (since 2022). In each stage, the advancements in the fundamental science and application of the TiNbxO2 + 2.5x‐based anodes are reviewed, and the corresponding developing trends of TiNbxO2 + 2.5x‐based anodes are summarized. Moreover, several future research directions to propel the practical use of TiNbxO2 + 2.5x anodes are suggested based on reviewing the history. This review is expected to pave the way for developing the fabrication and application of high‐performance TiNbxO2 + 2.5x‐based anodes for LIBs.
3D LVCN: A Lightweight Volumetric ConvNet
Authors: Lu Xiaoyun , Zhou Chunjie , Liu Shengjie , Li Jialong 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn recent years, with the significant increase in the volume of three‐dimensional medical image data, three‐dimensional medical models have emerged. However, existing methods often require a large number of model parameters to deal with complex medical datasets, leading to high model complexity and significant consumption of computational resources. In order to address these issues, this paper proposes a 3D Lightweight Volume Convolutional Neural Network (3D LVCN), aiming to achieve efficient and accurate volume segmentation. This network architecture combines the design principles of convolutional neural network modules and hierarchical transformers, using large convolutional kernels as the basic framework for feature extraction, while introducing 1 × 1 × 1 convolutional kernels for deep convolution. This improvement not only enhances the computational efficiency of the model but also improves its generalization ability. The pro‐posed model is tested on three challenging public datasets, namely spleen, liver, and lung, from the medical segmentation decathlon. Experimental results show that the proposed model performance has in‐creased from 0.8315 to 0.8673, with a reduction in parameters of approximately 5%. This indicates that compared to currently advanced model structures, our proposed model architecture exhibits significant advantages in segmentation performance.
Size Effects of Gold Nanoparticles on Surface Plasmon Resonance Assays for DNA Hybridization
Authors: Li Zhen , Yan Deming , Dong Tianbao , Han Chaowei , Jiang Meng , Kang Qing , Wang Pengcheng , Wang Yanhui , Guo Wenjuan , Zhou Feimeng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRecent advancements in signal amplifiers, such as biofunctionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have improved the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) performance. However, the correlation between the sizes of DNA−Au conjugates and the SPR chips remains elusive. We investigated how the size of AuNPs functioned with DNA detection probes (D−AuNPs) affect SPR signals in sandwich DNA hybridization assays. The effects of three sizes (5, 13, and 29 nm) of D−AuNPs with an equal surface probe density were systematically compared to delineate the relationship between signal amplification and steric hindrance. Sporadically adsorbed target DNA on sparse capture probe‐coated chips led to a growth of signal amplification with larger D−AuNPs. In contrast, on dense capture probe‐coated SPR chips, when the target DNA concentration was above 1.5 nM, the medium‐sized 13 nm AuNPs displayed 1.7‐ and 1.3‐fold enhancement factors than 5 nm and 29 nm ones, respectively. Our results indicate the steric hindrance disturbs the capture of D−AuNPs on dense target DNA‐modified chips, rendering the surface density of captured D−AuNPs a determining factor of the sensor response. Alternatively, the sensor sensitivity to D−AuNP surface density is crucial on chips with sparse target DNA. These insights should stimulate and guide future research on surface functionalization toward SPR sensors and AuNPs.
Unveiling the Inhibitory Effect of Magnolol in the Aggregation of Human Calcitonin (hCT): A Comprehensive In‐Silico Study
Authors: Jhawar Mira , Paul Sandip 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAmyloid fibril formation by some peptides leads to several neurogenetic disorders. This limits their biological activity and increases cytotoxicity. Human calcitonin (hCT), 32 residue containing peptide, known for regulating calcium and phosphate concentration in the blood tends to form amyloids in aqueous medium. Polyphenols are very effective in inhibiting fibril formation. As part of our research, we have taken Magnolol (Mag), which is extracted from the Chinese herb Magnolia officinalis. To evaluate its effectiveness as an inhibitor in preventing hCT aggregation, we conducted an all‐atom classical molecular dynamics simulation with varying concentrations of Mag. In presence of Mag, hCT maintains its helical conformation in higher order. Magnolol primarily interacts with hCT via van der Waals interaction. Asp15 residue of hCT, resides in the amyloid region (D15FNKF19) forms strong hydrogen bonding interaction with Mag. Moreover, aromatic residues of hCT interact with Mag through π‐π stacking interactions. Our work gives insights into the molecular mechanism of Magnolol in the inhibition of hCT fibril formation to use it as a potential candidate for medicinal purpose.
A Switchable Linear Regulator Implemented in GaAs pHEMT for WiFi Application
Authors: Gong Tingwei , Cheng Zhiqun , Le Chao , Ni Zhekan , Xuan Xuefei , Zheng Bangjie , Wang Junqiang 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTCompared to silicon‐based complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS), second‐generation semiconductor materials, such as gallium arsenide (GaAs) pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor (pHEMT), offer significant advantages for radio frequency (RF) applications. As communication systems become more functional, designing highly integrated on‐chip transceiver systems presents a substantial challenge, where the voltage regulator as part of the power management module is indispensable. Due to lattice defects and other issues, achieving P‐channel metal oxide semiconductor (PMOS) in GaAs pHEMT is difficult, necessitating new circuit architectures to fulfill traditional linear regulator functions. To realize wireless fidelity (WiFi) transceiver systems on chip (SoC) using compound semiconductors for superior RF performance, this paper proposes a switchable linear regulator based on a 0.25 μm GaAs pHEMT process. The proposed linear regulator consumes a quiescent current of 440 μA in no‐load conditions and regulates a 5 V supply voltage down to 2.6 V output voltage. Measured results indicate that the designed linear regulator features a current load capacity of 20 mA, a load regulation rate of 5.8 mV/mA, and a line regulation rate of 1.8 mV/V. The proposed linear regulator circuit has been applied to WiFi transceiver systems, occupying a chip area of 0.054 mm2.
Design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel Indole‐Based small molecules as sirtuin inhibitors with anticancer activities
Authors: Binarci Busra , Kilic Ensar Korkut , Dogan Tunca , Cetin Atalay Rengul , Kahraman Deniz Cansen , Nacak Baytas Sultan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer‐related mortality worldwide, driven mainly by chronic hepatitis infections and metabolic disorders, which highlights the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. Sirtuins, particularly SIRT1 are crucial in HCC pathogenesis, making it a promising drug target. Indole‐based molecules show potential as therapeutic agents by interacting with key proteins like sirtuins involved in cancer progression. In this study, we designed and synthesized novel indole‐based small molecules and investigated their potential sirtuin inhibitory action and anticancer activity on HCC cell lines. Four of the twenty‐eight tested small molecules on different cancer types were selected (4 g, 4 h, 4o, and 7j) based on their structure–activity relationship and studied on a panel of HCC cell lines. Compounds had active drug‐target interactions with SIRT1 or SIRT2 based on DEEPScreen DTI predictions and docking studies which confirmed that 4o, 4 g, and 7j were most potent in their interaction with SIRT1. Compound 4 g caused the highest sirtuin activity inhibition in vitro and induced G1 arrest and apoptosis in HCC cell lines.
Activation of Alkenes via Chalcogen Bond: Chalcogen⋅⋅⋅π Bond Catalyzed the Diels‐Alder Reaction of 2‐Vinylindoles
Authors: Zhao Chang , Wang Mengmeng , Zeng Yanli 
Published: October 2024

AbstractChalcogen bond catalysis is a promising catalytic strategy, characterized by its environmental friendliness, relatively inexpensive cost, and similar reactivity to transition metal catalysis. Experimental results suggest that the S⋅⋅⋅π and Se⋅⋅⋅π bonds can efficiently drive the vinyl‐indole‐based Diels‐Alder reaction (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2021, 60, 9395–9400). In this work, chalcogen bond catalysis in the Diels‐Alder reaction between 2‐vinylindoles is investigated based on density functional theory. For this reaction, the Te⋅⋅⋅π bond catalysis is as an alternative catalytic strategy. The Diels‐Alder reaction catalyzed by chalcogen bond is stepwise and involves two steps: the carbon–carbon bond formation process and the cyclization process. The cyclization process is the rate‐determining step. From the perspective of energy decomposition analysis, the electrostatic interaction is the main factor to cause Se⋅⋅⋅π bond catalysis, the polarization interaction is the main factor to cause Te⋅⋅⋅π bond catalysis. Additionally, this catalytic reaction involves the endo pathway and exo pathway. The Gibbs free energy barrier values of the endo pathway are lower than those of the exo pathway, which facilitates the formation of the endo product. This study will provide a valuable perspective on the application of chalcogen bond in the activation of alkenes.
Banana slice drying using waste heat from an air conditioner for enhancing performance and sustainability
Authors: Murugesan Ganesh Karthikeyan , Murugesan Chandrasekar , Tamilkolundu Senthilkumar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAs waste heat dryers (WHD) exhibit conservation of energy with environmental and economic benefits, the direct use of waste hot air rejected from the outdoor unit of a window air conditioning (AC) unit for drying banana slices is demonstrated experimentally in the present research work. For this purpose, a drying chamber was directly coupled to an AC unit (AC‐WHD) and analyzed its performance during banana slice drying by revisiting the concepts of generalized drying curve and drying performance index (DPI). The experimental data set of moisture content ratio obtained with AC‐WHD matched well with the generalized drying curve and the DPI value was found to be 0.999. It was found that the waste air supplied by the AC unit to the drying chamber was hot (≈ 50°C) and 28% dry, which aided the drying process. The thermodynamic performance of AC‐WHD was also evaluated using warm and wet exergy to provide insight into the mechanism of AC‐WHD drying. The exergy based sustainability index was higher while the exergetic destruction coefficient and environmental impact factor were lower for AC‐WHD when compared to literature values of the solar drying method. The findings of this research work indicate the practicality of coupling AC units with dryer units to address sustainable development goals (SDG).
Incorporation of trace metals in Hanford waste boehmite mineral phases and dissolution rate impacts
Authors: Westesen Amy M. , Lumetta Gregg J. , Peterson Reid A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractData from radioactive Hanford tank waste samples was analyzed to assess whether trace metals present were incorporated into the bulk boehmite matrix or were simply intermingled with the bulk material and subsequent impacts to the boehmite dissolution rate. Results suggest that chromium is primarily blended into the bulk boehmite, with a small fraction present on the surface of the solids. However, increasing the level of chromium incorporation 30‐fold decreased the dissolution rate of boehmite by only 8%, suggesting incorporation of chromium into these samples had a minimal impact on the dissolution rate. Iron was also found to be incorporated in the boehmite solids. Silicon appears to be simply intermingled and not blended into the boehmite crystals.
Seismic analysis of bridge with buckling‐restrained brace posttensioned concrete pier
Authors: Upadhyay Anurag , Pantelides Chris P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA two‐span bridge built with a two‐column pier consisting of unbonded posttensioned precast concrete columns and a buckling‐restrained brace (BRB) is analyzed using a three‐dimensional nonlinear numerical model. Seismic damage to the pier is eliminated through rocking of the posttensioned columns and seismic energy dissipation by the BRB. The numerical model is calibrated with experimental results of posttensioned columns and BRB structural elements. Seismic assessment of the bridge pier is performed using the ratio of BRB axial force to base shear as the parameter of interest. Limits for the seismic performance of the bridge pier are established by means of nonlinear static analysis using OpenSees. Bidirectional ground motions are used to perform probabilistic hazard analysis through nonlinear time history simulations. Three damage limit states are defined in this research: the activation point of posttensioning bars, the maximum base shear capacity or onset of concrete spalling, and collapse defined as the state at 20% loss of maximum base shear capacity. The analysis results are formulated into fragility curves for the three damage states as well as the residual drift. The fragility curves could be used for preliminary seismic bridge design. The analysis shows that the BRB dissipates significant seismic energy and the posttensioned concrete columns reduce residual displacements so that the bridge pier can remain functional after severe earthquakes. The fragility approach for designing bridge piers constructed with posttensioned concrete columns and BRB elements is a significant improvement over conventional seismic bridge design and can contribute to functional recovery after severe earthquakes.
Botnets Unveiled: A Comprehensive Survey on Evolving Threats and Defense Strategies
Authors: Asadi Mehdi , Jamali Mohammad Ali Jabraeil , Heidari Arash , Navimipour Nima Jafari 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBotnets have emerged as a significant internet security threat, comprising networks of compromised computers under the control of command and control (C&C) servers. These malevolent entities enable a range of malicious activities, from denial of service (DoS) attacks to spam distribution and phishing. Each bot operates as a malicious binary code on vulnerable hosts, granting remote control to attackers who can harness the combined processing power of these compromised hosts for synchronized, highly destructive attacks while maintaining anonymity. This survey explores botnets and their evolution, covering aspects such as their life cycles, C&C models, botnet communication protocols, detection methods, the unique environments botnets operate in, and strategies to evade detection tools. It analyzes research challenges and future directions related to botnets, with a particular focus on evasion and detection techniques, including methods like encryption and the use of covert channels for detection and the reinforcement of botnets. By reviewing existing research, the survey provides a comprehensive overview of botnets, from their origins to their evolving tactics, and evaluates how botnets evade detection and how to counteract their activities. Its primary goal is to inform the research community about the changing landscape of botnets and the challenges in combating these threats, offering guidance on addressing security concerns effectively through the highlighting of evasion and detection methods. The survey concludes by presenting future research directions, including using encryption and covert channels for detection and strategies to strengthen botnets. This aims to guide researchers in developing more robust security measures to combat botnets effectively.
Credentialing care: COVID‐19 and the bureaucratization of doulas
Authors: Block Ellen , Johnson Searcy Julie , Castañeda Angela N. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDoulas in the United States offer embodied, informational, and continuous one‐on‐one care to birthing people. Doulas have historically sought certification to gain knowledge through training and to gain legitimacy for healthcare providers and clients. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, hospitals required doulas to provide proof of certification. The COVID‐19 pandemic, and the proliferation of state‐sponsored doula programs, has sparked a shift in how doulas are viewed and regulated, enabling new forms of bureaucratic oversight and control. Based on participant observation, surveys, and semi‐structured interviews, we examine the connection between certification and care including motivations doulas have for certification, the perceived value of certification, certification as a form of gatekeeping, and increased bureaucratization of doulas. Using a critical feminist approach, we argue that increased bureaucratization and surveillance of doulas has not improved standards of care or led to more equitable access. Indeed, doulas provide a window into the negative impact of bureaucratization on care. While some of these negative impacts are byproducts of policies intended to increase oversight and access to doula care, we argue that increased bureaucratization and surveillance of doulas is also intended to act as a gatekeeping mechanism demonstrating how policies contribute to uneven reproduction.