bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetic analysis of the isoleucyl‐tRNA synthetase mechanism: the next reaction cycle can start before the previous one ends
Authors: Airas R. Kalervo 
Published: December 2017

Aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases join correct amino acids to their cognate tRNA at the start of the protein synthesis. Through the kinetic analysis, it is possible to estimate how their functional details correspond to the known structural features. Kinetic analysis of the isoleucyl‐tRNA synthetase (IleRS) from Escherichia coli was accomplished. Sixteen different steady‐state two‐ligand experiments were statistically analysed simultaneously so that the same rate equations and same rate and dissociation constants applied to all experiments. The so‐called rapid equilibrium segments procedure was used to derive the rate equations. The final best‐fit mechanism included the normal activation and transfer steps, and reorganization of the steps between them and after the transfer step. In addition, the analysis strongly suggested an additional activation step, formation of a new isoleucyl‐AMP before the isoleucyl‐tRNA was freed from the enzyme. The removal of Ile‐tRNA was possible without the formation of Ile‐AMP if both isoleucine and ATP were bound to the E‐Ile‐tRNA complex, but this route covered only 11% of the total formation of Ile‐tRNA. In addition to the Mg2+ in MgATP or MgPPi, only two tRNA‐bound Mg2+ were required to explain the magnesium dependence in the best‐fit mechanism. The first Mg2+ could be present in all steps before the second activation and was obligatory in the first reorganizing step and transfer step. The second Mg2+ was present only at the transfer step, whereas elsewhere it prevented the reaction, including the activation reactions. Chloride inhibited the IleRS reaction, while 100 mm KCl caused 50% inhibition if the ionic strength was kept constant with K‐acetate. The (tRNA) value was increased from 0.057 to 1.37 μm when the KCl concentration was increased from 0 to 200 mm. The total rate equation helps to understand the reaction route and how the simultaneous presence of Ile‐tRNA and Ile‐AMP can cause new possibilities to proofreading mechanisms of this enzyme.EnzymeIsoleucyl‐tRNA synthetase (EC 6.1.1.5)
Iridium/Chiral Diene‐Catalyzed Enantioselective (3+2) Annulation of Aromatic Ketimines with 1,3‐Enynes via C−H Activation
Authors: Nagamoto Midori , Sakamoto Kana , Nishimura Takahiro 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAn iridium/chiral diene complex efficiently catalyzed enantioselective (3+2) annulation between 1,3‐enynes and cyclic N‐acyl ketimines generated in situ from 3‐aryl‐3‐hydroxyisoindoin‐1‐ones. The reaction gave the corresponding aminoindane derivatives in high yields with high regio‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselectivity.magnified image
Redox Active Sodium Iodide/Recyclable Heterogeneous Solid Acid: An Efficient Dual Catalytic System for Electrochemically Oxidative α‐C−H Thiocyanation and Sulfenylation of Ketones
Authors: Liang Sen , Zeng Cheng‐Chu , Tian Hong‐Yu , Sun Bao‐Guo , Luo Xu‐Gang , Ren Fa‐zheng 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAn efficient electrochemically oxidative α‐C−H thiocyanation and sulfenylation of ketones has been developed in a simple undivided cell under constant current condition. The electrochemistry performs using NaI as the redox catalyst and heterogeneous solid salt Amberlyst‐15(H)® (A‐15(H)) as proton catalyst without the addition of external conductive salts. The protocol proved to be practical since the solid salt could be reused in up to five consecutive gram‐scale runs without significant decrease in efficiency. Control experiments and cyclic voltammetry analysis disclose that the reaction proceeds likely via a cascade α‐halogenation and subsequent thiocyanation or sulfenylation.magnified image
Pulmonary aspiration of sinus secretions in patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Nelson Jacob , Karempelis Peter , Dunitz Jordan , Hunter Ryan , Boyer Holly 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundIndirect evidence suggests that sinonasal secretions are aspirated into the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), contributing to infection, subsequent tissue damage, and decreased lung function. Our objective is to determine whether sinonasal secretions are transferred to the lungs in patients with CF‐related sinus disease and healthy subjects, particularly in the recumbent position and during sleep.MethodsWe performed a prospective, controlled trial to detect pulmonary aspiration of radiolabeled albumin applied to the nasal mucosa of study subjects with chronic sinusitis related to CF and control subjects without sinus disease. Radioactive counts were measured in the lungs and compared to background counts in both groups after 8 hours of rest/sleep.ResultsComplete data was collected on 12 CF patients and 6 controls. Eleven patients with CF demonstrated higher lung counts than background counts. The average counts of radiolabeled albumin in the lungs of CF patients were significantly greater than background counts (p = 0.03). Controls did not demonstrate this finding (p > 0.90), with only one‐half demonstrating lung counts greater than background counts.ConclusionThis study provides direct evidence of aspiration of sinonasal secretions into the lungs of patients with CF and healthy adults in the recumbent position. The fact that both patients and controls aspirated secretions suggests that aspiration alone does not account for the pathogenesis of lung disease in CF patients.
Air pollutants may be environmental risk factors in chronic rhinosinusitis disease progression
Authors: Mady Leila J. , Schwarzbach Hannah L. , Moore John A. , Boudreau Robert M. , Willson Thomas J. , Lee Stella E. 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundLittle is known about the role of environmental exposures in the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). In this study, we measured the impact of air pollutants (particulate matter 2.5 [PM2.5] and black carbon [BC]) on CRS with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) and CRS without nasal polyposis (CRSsNP).MethodsSpatial modeling from pollutant monitoring sites was used to estimate exposures surrounding residences for patients meeting inclusion criteria (total patients, n = 234; CRSsNP, n = 96; CRSwNP, n = 138). Disease severity outcome measures included modified Lund‐Mackay score (LMS), systemic steroids, number of functional endoscopic sinus surgeries (FESS), and 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) score. PM2.5 and BC exposures were correlated with outcome measures.ResultsMean PM2.5 and BC findings were not significantly different between CRSwNP and CRSsNP patients or patients with and without asthma. Among those with CRSsNP, PM2.5 was significantly associated with undergoing FESS. For each unit increase in PM2.5, there was a 1.89‐fold increased risk in the proportion of CRSsNP patients who required further surgery (p = 0.015). This association was not identified in CRSwNP patients (p = 0.445). BC was also significantly associated with SNOT‐22 score in the CRSsNP group. For each 0.1‐unit increase in BC, there was a 7.97‐unit increase in SNOT‐22 (p = 0.008). A similar, although not significant, increase in SNOT‐22 was found with increasing BC in the CRSwNP group (p = 0.728).ConclusionAir pollutants correlate with CRS symptom severity that may be influenced by exposure levels, with a more pronounced impact on CRSsNP patients. This study is the first to demonstrate the possible role of inhalant pollutants in CRS phenotypes, addressing a critical knowledge gap in environmental risk factors for disease progression.
Total Synthesis of Bryostatin 8 Using an Organosilane‐Based Strategy
Authors: Zhang Yuebao , Guo Qianyou , Sun Xianwei , Lu Ji , Cao Yanjun , Pu Qiang , Chu Zhiwen , Gao Lu , Song Zhenlei 
Published: December 2017

AbstractConvergent total synthesis of bryostatin 8 has been accomplished by an organosilane‐based strategy. The C ring is constructed stereoselectively through a geminal bis(silane)‐based [1,5]‐Brook rearrangement, and the B ring through geminal bis(silane)‐based Prins cyclization, thus efficiently joining the northern and southern parts of the molecule.
Normothermic machine perfusion for the assessment and transplantation of declined human kidneys from donation after circulatory death donors
Authors: Hosgood S. A. , Thompson E. , Moore T. , Wilson C. H. , Nicholson M. L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Background
A significant proportion of donation after circulatory death (DCD) kidneys are declined for transplantation because of concerns over their quality. Ex vivo normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) provides a unique opportunity to assess the quality of a kidney and determine its suitability for transplantation.

Methods
In phase 1 of this study, declined human DCD kidneys underwent NMP assessment for 60 min. Kidneys were graded 1–5 using a quality assessment score (QAS) based on macroscopic perfusion, renal blood flow and urine output during NMP. In phase 2 of the study, declined DCD kidneys were assessed by NMP with an intention to transplant them.

Results
In phase 1, 18 of 42 DCD kidneys were declined owing to poor in situ perfusion. After NMP, 28 kidneys had a QAS of 1–3, and were considered suitable for transplantation. In phase 2, ten of 55 declined DCD kidneys underwent assessment by NMP. Eight kidneys had been declined because of poor in situ flushing in the donor and five of these were transplanted successfully. Four of the five kidneys had initial graft function.

Conclusion
NMP technology can be used to increase the number of DCD kidney transplants by assessing their quality before transplantation.
Effect of aorto‐ventricular angulation on procedural success in transcatheter aortic valve replacements with the Lotus Valve system
Authors: Rashid Hashrul N. , McCormick Liam M. , Talman Andrew H. , Ihdayhid Abdul R. , Nerlekar Nitesh , Amiruddin Ameera S. , Cameron James , Nasis Arthur , Meredith Ian T. , Gooley Robert P. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effect of aorto‐ventricular angulation (AA) on procedural success with the Lotus Valve system.BackgroundAA, the angulation of the aortic valve basal plane, may affect the deployment of transcatheter aortic valve replacements (TAVRs). The Lotus Valve system is fully repositionable and delivered on a pre‐shaped catheter which may alter the impact of AA on its deployment. The effect of AA on procedural and clinical outcomes with the Lotus valve is unreported.MethodsConsecutive patients who underwent transfemoral TAVR with the Lotus Valve system were analyzed. AA was determined on pre‐procedural multi‐detector computed tomography imaging. Device success, procedural characteristics, and clinical events were assessed according to Valve Academic Research Consortium‐2 (VARC2) definitions.ResultsOne hundred sixty‐five patients were analyzed (48% male, mean age 84 years). The mean AA was 47.8 degrees. Patients were, therefore, divided into low AA (AA < 48°) or high AA (AA ≥ 48°). Baseline characteristics were similar in both cohorts. Device success and procedural outcomes were also similar including procedure time, contrast dose, and need to reposition. There was no difference in degree of moderate or greater para‐valvular regurgitation (PVR) (0% vs. 3%, P = 0.09). Clinical outcomes of death, stroke, myocardial infarction, and other major VARC2 endpoints were similar.ConclusionAA did not affect device success or clinical outcome with the Lotus Valve system. The Lotus' unique design features may have mitigated the impact of AA by improving the accuracy, ease of valve positioning, and reducing PVR.
Dehydrogenation of N‐Heterocycles by Superoxide Ion Generated through Single‐Electron Transfer
Authors: Huang Yuan‐Qiong , Song Hong‐Jian , Liu Yu‐Xiu , Wang Qing‐Min 
Published: December 2017

AbstractNitrogen‐containing heteroarene motifs are found in numerous pharmaceuticals, natural products, and synthetic materials. Although several elegant methods for synthesis of these compounds through dehydrogenation of the corresponding saturated heterocycles have been reported, some of the methods are hampered by long reaction times, harsh conditions, and the need for catalysts that are not readily available. This work reports a novel method for dehydrogenation of N‐heterocycles. Specifically, O2.− generated in situ acts as the oxidant for N‐heterocycle substrates that are susceptible to oxidation through a hydrogen atom transfer mechanism. This method provides a general, green route to N‐heteroarenes.
Current Developments in Production and Utilization of Biogas and Biomethane in Germany
Authors: Daniel‐Gromke Jaqueline , Rensberg Nadja , Denysenko Velina , Stinner Walter , Schmalfuß Tina , Scheftelowitz Mattes , Nelles Michael , Liebetrau Jan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis paper presents the results of a status quo analysis of biogas production in Germany. It provides detailed information regarding the biogas plant portfolio and distribution, applied technologies, types of substrates und the contribution of biogas to the electricity, heat and transport sector. The evaluations regarding biogas and biomethane are based on data from annually surveys of biogas plant operators, Federal Network Agency regarding electricity generation, German transmission grid operators regarding direct marketing of electricity, and the current plant register regarding flexibility premium.
Provenance data discovery through Semantic Web resources
Authors: Ornelas Tatiane , Braga Regina , David José Maria N. , Campos Fernanda , Castro Gabriella 
Published: December 2017

SummaryProviding historical information to deal with knowledge loss about a scientific experiment has been the focus of some several researches. However, computational support for large‐scale scientific experiments is still incipient and is considered one of e‐science's greatest challenges. In this vein, providing provenance information to a scientist is part of these challenges. Provenance information helps to assure the reliability and reproducibility of experiments. Therefore, this work has as its main objective to present a new ontology—Open Provenance Model Ontology‐e (OPMO‐e)—which is part of an architecture, named SciProvMiner. Open Provenance Model Ontology‐e is a new ontology that encompasses both prospective and retrospective provenance. SciProvMiner captures the provenance and implements all inference and completeness rules defined by Open Provenance Model to provide provenance information beyond those already established. We hypothesize that the capture and management of provenance data will provide scientists with implicit strategical information about the experiment through OPMO‐e. Case studies were carried out to evaluate OPMO‐e use considering SciProvMiner. The obtained results revealed that the use of the proposed ontology and SciProvMiner can enhance scientist's knowledge about an experiment.
A Three‐Dimensional Architecture for Hydrogen‐Evolving, Host/Guest, Hybrid Organic/Inorganic Photocathodes Based on Nanolamellar MoO3 Scaffolds
Authors: Ghadirzadeh Ali , Fumagalli Francesco , Mezzetti Alessandro , Bellani Sebastiano , Meda Laura , Antognazza Maria Rosa , Di Fonzo Fabio 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis work reports on the synthesis and characterization of a three‐dimensional hybrid organic/inorganic photocathode host/guest architecture based on nanolamellar MoO3 scaffolds, where light absorption and charge collection are orthogonal and active surface area is maximized. The proposed nanostructured architecture combines optimized optoelectrical properties and structural–morphological features, resulting in a photocurrent density of 2 mA cm−2 at +0.18 VRHE and an onset potential of +0.65 VRHE. The nanostructured host scaffold presents efficient photon trapping and increased surface area to accommodate the thin organic absorber layer. The ensuing absorption/collection decoupling significantly improves the photoelectrochemical performance, especially when compared to the flat‐stack reference device, suggesting that out‐of‐plane film nanostructuration may provide future opportunity for the design of efficient photoelectrodes.
The adjunctive application of transcranial direct current stimulation in the management of de novo refractory epilepsia partialis continua in adolescent‐onset POLG‐related mitochondrial disease
Authors: Ng Yi Shiau , van Ruiten Henriette , Lai H. Ming , Scott Rebecca , Ramesh Venkateswaran , Horridge Karen , Taylor Robert W. , Turnbull Doug M. , Gorman Gráinne S. , McFarland Robert , Baker Mark R. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryFocal status epilepticus in POLG‐related mitochondrial disease is highly refractory to pharmacological agents, including general anesthesia. We report the challenges in managing a previously healthy teenager who presented with de novo epilepsia partialis continua and metabolic stroke resulting from the homozygous p.Ala467Thr POLG mutation, the most common pathogenic variant identified in the Caucasian population. We applied transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS; 2 mA; 20 min) daily as an adjunctive therapy because her focal seizures failed to respond to five antiepileptic drugs at maximal doses. The electrical and clinical seizures stopped after 3 days of tDCS. The second course of tDCS was administered for 14 days when the focal seizures re‐emerged a month later. The patient tolerated the procedure well. Following 4 months of hospitalization and prolonged community rehabilitation, our patient has now returned to full‐time education with support, and there is no report of cognitive deficit. We have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of tDCS in treating refractory focal motor seizures caused by mitochondrial disease.
Political connections, the liability of foreignness, and legitimacy: A business historical analysis of multinationals’ strategies in Chile
Authors: Bucheli Marcelo , Salvaj Erica 
Published: December 2017

Research Summary: We conduct a historical analysis of the multinational corporations’ strategy of creating connections with a host country’s elite as a way of legitimizing its operations in contexts characterized by long‐term political, social, and economic changes. We argue that the success or failure of these strategies depends on (a) the perceived legitimacy of these connections among a host country’s society during times of change and (b) the capability of the multinational’s political connections to shield it from challenges arising when the host country’s social structure is undergoing deep transformations. We outline and follow a business historical approach that combines the theoretical frameworks of international business, strategy, organizational theory, and political science to analyze multinationals operating in Chile’s energy and telecommunications sectors from 1932 to 1973.
Managerial Summary: Western multinationals face hard challenges when trying to legitimize their operations vis‐à‐vis the host country’s societies in emerging and underdeveloped countries. One strategy developed by multinationals to neutralize potential challenges to their legitimacy has been to establish connections with influential members of the host country’s elites. We study how this strategy fares in host countries that are undergoing dramatic political and economic changes. We first argue that overtly maintaining open connections with an elite that is viewed as a relic of an illegitimate past can become a liability. And, second, that highly visible connections are more likely to become a liability in times of political and social change than less visible ones. We illustrate our arguments with a historical study of the strategies followed by American telecommunications and oil multinationals in Chile.
Socio‐economic status and physicians' treatment decisions
Authors: Brekke Kurt R. , Holmås Tor Helge , Monstad Karin , Straume Odd Rune 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis paper studies the relationship between patients' socio‐economic status and general practitioners' (GPs') service provision by exploiting administrative patient‐level data with information on consultation length, medical tests, and fee payments for each visit in Norway over a 5‐year period (2008–2012). To reduce patient heterogeneity, we limit the sample to a given condition, diabetes type II, that is treated almost exclusively in primary care. We estimate GP fixed‐effect models and control for a wide set of patient characteristics. Our results show that, for each visit, patients with low education get shorter consultations but more medical tests, patients with low income get less of both, and patients with low education/income get less services in monetary terms. We also find that, during a year, patients with low education/income visit the GP more often and receive more services in monetary terms. Thus, GPs treat patients differently according to their socio‐economic status, but we find no support for a social gradient.
Well‐paid nurses are good nurses
Authors: Fedele Alessandro 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSome recent articles suggest that increasing wage in the nursing market with the aim of reducing shortage can negatively impact on the average ability and motivation of applicants attracted and, in turn, on the average quality of care. This finding is at odds with empirical evidence and has been criticized on the grounds that nurses' motivation is modeled in an overly simplistic way. This paper provides a novel theoretical framework where the orientation of nurses' motivation—intrinsic versus extrinsic—is taken into account, and the precise distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation is delineated on the basis of self‐determination and person–environment fit theories. Conditions are derived under which high wages attract able and motivated individuals, thus maximizing the average quality of care.
The use of droplet digital PCR in liquid biopsies: A highly sensitive technique for MYD88 p.(L265P) detection in cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Hiemcke‐Jiwa Laura S. , Minnema Monique C. , Radersma‐van Loon Joyce H. , Jiwa N. Mehdi , de Boer Mirthe , Leguit Roos J. , de Weger Roel A. , Huibers Manon M.H. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe gold standard for diagnosis of central nervous system lymphomas still regards a stereotactic brain biopsy, with the risk of major complications for the patient. As tumor cells can be detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), CSF analysis can be used as an alternative. In this respect, mutation analysis in CSF can be of added value to other diagnostic parameters such a cytomorphology and clonality analysis. A well‐known example of targeted mutation analysis entails MYD88 p.(L265P) detection, which is present in the majority of Bing Neel syndrome and primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) patients. Unfortunately, tumor yield in CSF can be very low. Therefore, use of the highly sensitive droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) might be a suitable analysis strategy for targeted mutation detection. We analyzed 26 formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) samples (8 positive and 18 negative for MYD88 p.(L265P) mutation) by ddPCR, of which the results were compared with next generation sequencing (NGS). Subsequently, 32 CSF samples were analyzed by ddPCR. ddPCR and NGS results on FFPE material showed 100% concordance. Among the 32 CSF samples, 9 belonged to patients with lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) and clinical suspicion of Bing Neel syndrome, and 3 belonged to patients with PCNSL. Nine of these samples tested positive for MYD88 p.(L265P) (8 LPL and 1 PCNSL). This study shows that sensitive MYD88 mutation analysis by ddPCR in CSF is highly reliable and can be applied even when DNA input is low. Therefore, ddPCR is of added value to current diagnostic parameters, especially when the available amount of DNA is limited.