bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Van meezeggen en tegenspreken – van democratisering naar een lastig gesprek
Authors: van den Bosch D.P. 
Published: February 2016

Van meezeggen en tegenspreken – van democratisering naar een lastig gesprek
In dit artikel wordt beschreven hoe de opvattingen inzake medezeggenschap in het overheidsbeleid zich hebben ontwikkeld sinds de opkomst van de gedachten daarover in de jaren zeventig. Nadat de studentenprotesten van 1968 ook in Nederland tot democratisering van de universiteiten hadden geleid met de Wet Universitaire Bestuurshervorming (1970), werd de aanzet voor medezeggenschap in de hele semipublieke sector vooral gegeven door de commissie-Van der Burg, die in 1977 rapport uitbracht. In alle sectoren werd nadien de medezeggenschap wettelijk geregeld, soms na zeer lange discussies. En nog altijd is de discussie niet uitgewoed. De commissie-Halsema besprak in haar rapport van 2013 voor een deel dezelfde thema’s als de commissie-Van der Burg, in het licht van beoogde verbeteringen in het besturen van de inmiddels sterk veranderde instellingen. En de WRR liet in 2014 zijn licht over deze materie schijnen. Welke beleidsagenda levert dit nu op?
Wettelijk geconditioneerde zelfregulering: het dilemma van het omarmen van zelfregulering door de wetgever
Authors: Overmars A.G.D. 
Published: February 2016

Wettelijk geconditioneerde zelfregulering: het dilemma van het omarmen van zelfregulering door de wetgever. Casestudy: de Gedragscode internationale student in het Nederlandse hoger onderwijs
De overheid stimuleert zelfregulering door het veld, zodat zij zelf minder regels hoeft te ontwikkelen. Zij doet daarbij een beroep op het verantwoordelijkheidsgevoel van het veld. Tegelijkertijd omarmt de wetgever de zelfregulering door inbedding ervan in wet- en regelgeving. Daarmee verandert het karakter van de regulering. In hoeverre is er nog sprake van zelfregulering? Is de zelfregulering door de inbedding in wet- en regelgeving feitelijk geen overheidsregulering geworden? Als casestudy wordt in deze bijdrage de toelating van internationale studenten in het Nederlandse hoger onderwijs beschreven. De uitvoeringspraktijk in deze sector maakt duidelijk dat de vervlechting van beide vormen van regulering, indien niet goed doordacht en op elkaar afgestemd, tot een juridisch kwetsbare constructie leidt.
A Study of Human Leukocyte Antigen Mismatched Cellular Therapy (Stem Cell Microtransplantation) in High-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome or Transformed Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Hu Kai-Xun , Sun Qi-Yun , Guo Mei , Qiao Jun-Xiao , Yu Chang-Lin , Qiao Jian-Hui , Dong Zheng , Sun Wan-Jun , Zuo Hong-Li , Huang Ya-Jing , Cai Bo , Ai Hui-Sheng 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

The treatment outcomes of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and transformed acute myelogenous leukemia (tAML) remain very unsatisfactory. We designed a combination of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-mismatched hematopoietic stem cell microtransplantation (MST) with chemotherapy for patients with MDS and tAML and evaluated its effects and toxicity. Patients were between 13 and 79 years old. Patients with MDS (n = 21) were given HLA-mismatched MST combined with decitabine and cytarabine; patients with tAML (n = 22) were given HLA-mismatched MST combined with decitabine and cytarabine, and also mitoxantrone. Patients in complete remission (CR) also received MST plus decitabine and medium-dose cytarabine chemotherapy without graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. The overall response rate of the patients with MDS was significantly higher than that of those with tAML (81% vs. 50%; p = .03). The CR rates were 52.4% and 36.4% in the two groups, respectively. There was no difference in the cytogenetic CR rate between the MDS and tAML groups (85.7% vs. 70%, respectively; p = .7). The 24-month overall survival of the patients with MDS was significantly higher than that of the patients with tAML (84.7% and 34.1%, respectively; p = .003). The median recovery times of neutrophils and platelets were, respectively, 14 and 17 days in the patients with MDS, and 16 and 19 days in those with tAML. The treatment-related mortality rates were 4.8% and 18.2%, respectively, in the MDS and tAML groups (p = .34). No GVHD was observed in any patient. Microtransplantation combined with decitabine and chemotherapy may provide a novel, effective, and safe treatment for high-risk MDS and tAML.

Significance
Microtransplantation (MST) refers to regular chemotherapy combined with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-mobilized peripheral blood stem cell infusion of human leukocyte antigen-mismatched donor cells without using immunosuppressive agents. It aims to support hematopoietic recovery and perform graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effects but differs from traditional allogeneic stem cell transplantation because the rate of donor cell chimerism is low and there is and no graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) risk. Thus, a trial was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of MST in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome and those with transformed acute myelogenous leukemia. Higher complete remission and cytogenetic complete response rates were observed, and the treatment improved disease progress-free survival, sped hematopoietic recovery, and avoided GVHD.
Experimental study of heavy-ion computed tomography using a scintillation screen and an electron-multiplying charged coupled device camera for human head imaging
Authors: Muraishi Hiroshi , Hara Hidetake , Abe Shinji , Yokose Mamoru , Watanabe Takara , Takeda Tohoru , Koba Yusuke , Fukuda Shigekazu 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
We have developed a heavy-ion computed tomography (IonCT) system using a scintillation screen and an electron-multiplying charged coupled device (EMCCD) camera that can measure a large object such as a human head. In this study, objective with the development of the system was to investigate the possibility of applying this system to heavy-ion treatment planning from the point of view of spatial resolution in a reconstructed image. Experiments were carried out on a rotation phantom using 12C accelerated up to 430 MeV/u by the Heavy-Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS). We demonstrated that the reconstructed image of an object with a water equivalent thickness (WET) of approximately 18 cm was successfully achieved with the spatial resolution of 1 mm, which would make this IonCT system worth applying to the heavy-ion treatment planning for head and neck cancers.
Open Burn Pit Exposure in Headache Disorder and Migraine
Authors: Sico Jason J. , Anthony Sarah E. , Phadke Manali , Wang Kaicheng , Skanderson Melissa , Ney John P. , Seng Elizabeth K. , Shapiro Robert E. , Sandbrink Friedhelm , Scholten Joel D. , Graham Glenn D. , Martini Sharyl R. , Fenton Brenda T. 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceOpen burn pits have commonly been used for waste disposal by the US military but have not been systematically investigated as an independent risk factor for headache disorders.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between exposure to open burn pits and incidence of headache and migraine.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study used data from the Veterans Health Administration Headache Cohort along with data from the US Department of Defense and the Airborne Hazards and Open Burn Pit (AH&amp;amp;OBP) Registry to assess registry participants with potential exposure to open burn pits in the Veterans Health Administration from April 1, 2014, through October 31, 2022. Participants were included by linking data from the AH&amp;amp;OBP Registry to their US Department of Defense and Veterans Health Administration electronic health records. Those with preexisting headache were removed from the analytic sample. The analysis was conducted between November 1, 2022, and January 31, 2024.ExposureOpen burn pit exposure composite variables based on the registry questionnaire were examined, specifically being near open burn pits, days near open burn pits, and having open burn pit duties.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrimary incident outcomes included medically diagnosed headache disorders and medically diagnosed migraine.ResultsThe analytic sample included 247 583 veterans (mean [SD] age, 27.9 [7.7] years; 222 498 [89.9%] male). After covariates were controlled for at baseline, participants who were near an open burn pit with open burn pit duties had the highest adjusted odds of medically diagnosed headache disorders (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.59; 95% CI, 1.46-1.74), migraine (AOR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.43-1.79), and self-reported disabling migraine (AOR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.69-2.20) compared with those without exposure. The 2 highest quartiles of cumulative burn pit exposure (290-448 days and &amp;gt;448 days) had significantly higher adjusted odds of medically diagnosed headache (290-448 days: AOR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.09-1.31; &amp;gt;448 days: AOR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.41-1.70) and migraine (290-448 days: AOR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.07-1.34; &amp;gt;448 days: AOR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.32-1.65).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, a dose-dependent association existed between open burn pit exposure and medically diagnosed headache and migraine. These new data identify potentially important associations between open burn bit exposure and new-onset headache among service personnel as well as a possible health condition that may be encountered more frequently in Veterans Health Administration facilities during mandatory screening for military exposures.
Growth Rate and Outcomes in Locally Recurrent Extremity and Truncal Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Authors: Li George Z. , Seier Kenneth , Qin Li-Xuan , Brennan Murray , Morris Carol D. , Crago Aimee M. , Singer Samuel 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceImproved prognostic tools are needed for patients with locally recurrent extremity or truncal soft tissue sarcoma (STS).ObjectiveTo examine the association between average local recurrence (LR) growth rate and outcomes following resection of locally recurrent extremity or truncal STS.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study used a prospectively maintained database from a single high-volume tertiary sarcoma referral center in the US to identify patients 16 years of age or older who underwent repeat resection of a locally recurrent extremity or truncal STS between July 1, 1982, and December 31, 2021. Patients with atypical lipomatous tumors, desmoid tumors, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, angiosarcomas, and prior or synchronous distant recurrence were excluded. Data were analyzed from November 1, 2022, to June 17, 2024.ExposureAverage LR growth rate, defined as the sum of recurrent tumor maximal diameters divided by the disease-free interval after index operation.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were cumulative incidences of disease-specific death (DSD), with death from other causes as a competing risk, and second LR, with death from any cause as a competing risk.ResultsThe study cohort included 253 patients (median [IQR] age, 64 [51-73] years; 140 [55.3%] male). The 5-year cumulative incidence of DSD after repeat resection was 29%. Multivariable analysis indicated that LR growth rate (hazard ratio [HR], 1.12 [95% CI, 1.08-1.18]; P &amp;lt; .001), younger age (HR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.97-0.99]; P = .002), R1 or R2 margins (HR, 1.71 [95% CI, 1.03-2.84]; P = .04), high LR grade (HR, 2.90 [95% CI, 1.17-7.20]; P = .02), and multifocality (HR, 2.92 [95% CI, 1.70-5.00]; P &amp;lt; .001) were independently associated with higher incidence of DSD. Using the minimum P value method, the optimal cutoff for growth rate was found to be 0.68 cm/mo. Patients with values above this cutoff had higher 5-year incidences of DSD following repeat resection (63% vs 19%; permutation test P &amp;lt; .001) and higher amputation rates (19% vs 7%; P = .008). Only R1 margins were independently associated with higher incidence of second LR (HR, 1.81 [95% CI, 1.19-2.78]; P = .006).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of patients undergoing resection of a locally recurrent extremity or truncal STS, LR growth rate was independently associated with DSD. These findings suggest that patients with growth rates higher than 0.68 cm/mo who undergo LR resection may have high disease-specific mortality and amputation rates and should be considered for perioperative systemic therapy.
Short‐term trends in great ape density in a community‐based conservation area in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: van der Hoek Yntze , Van de Perre Frederik , Fastré Constance , Kirkpatrick Lucinda , Ngobobo Urbain , Tokunda Raymond , Binyinyi Escobar , Stoinski Tara S. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The forests of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) constitute a biodiversity hotspot and provide habitat to two globally threatened great apes, the Grauer's gorilla Gorilla beringei graueri and eastern chimpanzee Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii.

Community‐based conservation activities may provide protection to these primates and their environment, supplementing the role of protected areas.

We look at spatiotemporal trends in the ape populations that inhabit a community forest, the Nkuba Conservation Area (NCA), as trends in wildlife abundances and distributions may provide a first tentative measure of conservation impact. In the absence of a single systematic approach to gauge conservation effectiveness, we explore both temporal changes in ape abundances and spatial distributions as lines of evidence.

Using line transect data, we estimate that between 1000 and 2200 apes, with comparable numbers of gorillas and chimpanzees, live in the NCA.

In contrast to elsewhere in eastern DRC, we found no evidence of a declining ape population or shift in their distribution after the establishment of the NCA (~2012–2013). Spatial models revealed the presence of ape hotspots that remained spatially stable across study years (2013–2020).

Practical implication. That apes in the NCA do not experience rapid declines is a cautious but optimistic first sign of the conservation potential of the NCA and its associated intended (i.e. conservation activities) and unintended (e.g. researcher presence) protection interventions.
Assessment of lesion insertion tool in pelvis PET/MR data with applications to attenuation correction method development
Authors: Natsuaki Yutaka , Leynes Andrew , Wangerin Kristen , Hamdi Mahdjoub , Rajagopal Abhejit , Kinahan Paul E. , Laforest Richard , Larson Peder E. Z. , Hope Thomas A. , James Sara St. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn modern positron emission tomography (PET) with multi‐modality imaging (e.g., PET/CT and PET/MR), the attenuation correction (AC) is the single largest correction factor for image reconstruction. One way to assess AC methods and other reconstruction parameters is to utilize software‐based simulation tools, such as a lesion insertion tool. Extensive validation of these simulation tools is required to ensure results of the study are clinically meaningful.PurposeTo evaluate different PET AC methods using a synthetic lesion insertion tool that simulates lesions in a patient cohort that has both PET/MR and PET/CT images. To further demonstrate how lesion insertion tool may be used to extend knowledge of PET reconstruction parameters, including but not limited to AC.MethodsLesion quantitation is compared using conventional Dixon‐based MR‐based AC (MRAC) to that of using CT‐based AC (CTAC, a “ground truth”). First, the pre‐existing lesions were simulated in a similar environment; a total of 71 lesions were identified in 18 pelvic PET/MR patient images acquired with a time‐of‐flight simultaneous PET/MR scanner, and matched lesions were inserted contralaterally on the same axial slice. Second, synthetic lesions were inserted into four anatomic target locations in a cohort of four patients who didn't have any observed clinical lesions in the pelvis.ResultsThe matched lesion insertions resulted in unity between the lesion error ratios (mean SUVs), demonstrating that the inserted lesions successfully simulated the original lesions. In the second study, the inserted lesions had distinct characteristics by target locations and demonstrated negative max‐SUV%diff trends for bone‐dominant sites across the patient cohort.ConclusionsThe current work demonstrates that the applied lesion insertion tool can simulate uptake in pelvic lesions and their expected SUV values, and that the lesion insertion tool can be extended to evaluate further PET reconstruction corrections and algorithms and their impact on quantitation accuracy and precision.
Factors Shaping the Morphology in Sol‐Gel Derived Mesoporous Zinc Titanate Films: Unveiling the Role of Precursor Competition and Concentration
Authors: Li Yanan , Li Nian , Harder Constantin , Yin Shanshan , Bulut Yusuf , Vagias Apostolos , Schneider Peter M. , Chen Wei , Roth Stephan V. , Bandarenka Aliaksandr S. , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter 
Published: September 2024

AbstractZinc titanate films with mesoporous structures have widespread applications ranging from sensors to supercapacitors and bio‐devices owing to their photoelectric properties and specific surface area. The present work investigates the morphology of mesoporous zinc titanate films obtained by calcination of hybrid thin films containing polymer templates and precursor mixtures of zinc acetate dihydrate (ZAD) and titanium isopropoxide (TTIP). ZnO and TiO2 films are fabricated for reference. The influences of hydrochloric acid contents (HCl), the ratios of ZAD and TTIP, and the solution concentrations on the film morphologies are studied. The amphiphilic diblock copolymer, polystyrene‐block‐polyethylene oxide (PS‐b‐PEO), plays the role of a structure directing template, as it self‐assembles into micelles in a solvent‐acid mixture of N, N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) and HCl. Thin films are prepared with spin‐coating and subsequent calcination. Adjusting the ratio of TTIP and ZAD leads to the structure evolution from order to disorder in a film. It depends on the hydrolysis and condensation processes of the precursors, providing different time‐to‐growth processes to control the film morphologies. An increase in solution concentration enhances the surface coverage. As probed with grazing‐incidence small‐angle X‐ray scattering, the inner structures are larger than the surface structures seen in scanning electron microscopy.
Broad Adaptability of Coronavirus Adhesion Revealed from the Complementary Surface Affinity of Membrane and Spikes
Authors: García‐Arribas Aritz B. , Ibáñez‐Freire Pablo , Carlero Diego , Palacios‐Alonso Pablo , Cantero‐Reviejo Miguel , Ares Pablo , López‐Polín Guillermo , Yan Han , Wang Yan , Sarkar Soumya , Chhowalla Manish , Oksanen Hanna M. , Martín‐Benito Jaime , de Pablo Pedro J. , Delgado‐Buscalioni Rafael 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCoronavirus stands for a large family of viruses characterized by protruding spikes surrounding a lipidic membrane adorned with proteins. The present study explores the adhesion of transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV) particles on a variety of reference solid surfaces that emulate typical virus‐surface interactions. Atomic force microscopy informs about trapping effectivity and the shape of the virus envelope on each surface, revealing that the deformation of TGEV particles spans from 20% to 50% in diameter. Given this large deformation range, experimental Langmuir isotherms convey an unexpectedly moderate variation in the adsorption‐free energy, indicating a viral adhesion adaptability which goes beyond the membrane. The combination of an extended Helfrich theory and coarse‐grained simulations reveals that, in fact, the envelope and the spikes present complementary adsorption affinities. While strong membrane‐surface interaction lead to highly deformed TGEV particles, surfaces with strong spike attraction yield smaller deformations with similar or even larger adsorption‐free energies.
Multilevel Hollow‐Structured Particles through Halogen‐Bond Regulated Polymer Assembly under 3D Confinement
Authors: Zheng Xihuang , Zhao Yi , Zhang Yuping , Deng Renhua , Li Baohui , Chen Senbin , Zhu Jintao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEngineering of hollow particles with tunable internal structures often requires complicated processes and/or invasive cleavage. Halogen‐bond driven 3D confined‐assembly of block copolymers has shed light on the engineering of polymer organization along with the fabricating of unique nanostructures. Herein, a family of multilevel hollow‐structured particles (e.g., fully porous, multi‐chamber, multi‐shell, and concentric multi‐layer architectures) is reported via halogen‐bond regulated 3D confined‐assembly of amphiphilic polymer networks. To do so, polystyrene‐b‐poly(2‐vinyl pyridine)‐b‐poly(ethylene oxide) (PS‐b‐P2VP‐b‐PEO) amphiphilic triblock copolymer is selected, where P2VP blocks act as halogen acceptor. Meanwhile, poly(3‐(2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoro‐4‐iodophenoxy) propyl acrylate) (PTFIPA) is employed as halogen donor. Halogen‐bond driven donor‐acceptor linking between PTFIPA and P2VP block presented in PS‐b‐P2VP‐b‐PEO, can lead to the formation of supramolecular polymeric networks, along with the increased P2VP domain and tunable hydrophobic volume. Therefore, an adjustable packing parameter (p) is thus anticipated, which can enable the morphology transformation sequence until an equilibrium state is reached. Moreover, computer simulations are further utilized as the tool to interpret such morphologies transition and identify the precise distribution of each component. Benefiting from the tunable hollow structure and a substantial surface for transporting purpose, these structurally novel particles open perspectives toward promising applications including encapsulation, nanoreactor, and catalyst support.
Spin Transport Modulation of 2D Fe3O4 Nanosheets Driven by Verwey Phase Transition
Authors: Jia Zhiyan , Zhao Mengfan , Chen Qian , Sun Rong , Cao Lulu , Ye Kun , Zhu Tao , Liu Lixuan , Tian Yuxin , Wang Yi , Du Jie , Zhang Fang , Lv Weiming , Ling FeiFei , Zhai Ya , Jiang Yong , Wang Zhongchang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRealizing spin transport between heavy metal and two‐dimensional (2D) magnetic materials at high Curie temperature (TC) is crucial to advanced spintronic information storage technology. Here, environmentally stable 2D nonlayered Fe3O4 nanosheets are successfully synthesized using a reproducible process and found that they exhibit vortex magnetic domains at room temperature. A Verwey phase transition temperature (TV) of ≈110 K is identified for ≈3 nm thick nanosheet through Raman characterization and spin Hall device measurement of the Pt/Fe3O4 bilayer. The anisotropic magnetoresistance ratio decreases near TV, while both the spin Hall magnetoresistance ratio and spin mixing conductance (Gr) increase at TV. As the temperature approaches 112 K, the anomalous Hall effect ratio tends to become zero. The maximum Gr reaches ≈5 × 1015 Ω−1m−2 due to the clean and flat interface between Pt and 2D nanosheet. The observed spin transport behavior in Pt/Fe3O4 spin Hall devices indicates that 2D Fe3O4 nanosheets possess potential for high‐power micro spintronic storage devices applications.