bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Localised gravity and resolved braneworlds
Authors: Leung Rahim , Stelle K. S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Deriving an effective massless field theory for fluctuations about a braneworld spacetime requires analysis of the transverse-space-wavefunction’s second-order differential equation. There can be two strikingly different types of effective theory. For a supersymmetric braneworld, one involves a technically consistent embedding of a supergravity theory on the worldvolume; the other can produce, in certain situations, a genuine localisation of gravity near the worldvolume but not via a technically consistent embedding. So, in the latter situation, the theory’s dynamics remains higher-dimensional but there can still be a lower-dimensional effective-theory interpretation of the dynamics at low worldvolume momenta / large worldvolume distances.This paper examines the conditions for such a gravity localisation to be possible. Localising gravity about braneworld spacetimes requires finding solutions to transverse-space self-adjoint Sturm-Liouville problems admitting a normalisable zero mode in the noncompact transverse space. This in turn requires analysis of Sturm-Liouville problems with radial singular endpoints following a formalism originating in the work of Hermann Weyl. Examples of such gravity-localising braneworld systems are found and analysed in this formalism with underlying “skeleton” braneworlds of Salam-Sezgin, resolved D3-brane and Randall-Sundrum II types.
Characteristic of new Phaffia rhodozyma yeast strains isolated from birch slime fluxes in Poland
Authors: Kot Anna M. , Pobiega Katarzyna , Kieliszek Marek , Michalak Katarzyna , Błażejak Stanisław 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThree new strains of Phaffia rhodozyma yeast have recently been isolated in Poland. The aim of this study was to phenotypically characterize these strains and to compare them with the properties of the reference strain. The potential for carotenoid biosynthesis in these strains was also determined, depending on temperature, carbon, and nitrogen sources in the medium. Phaffia rhodozyma yeasts were also identified by MALDI-TOF MS. There were minor differences in cell morphology among the strains. All strains reproduced asexually by budding and formed spherical chlamydospores. No ability for sexual reproduction was observed. Physiological tests showed minor variations between the reference strain and the isolates, likely due to the geographical specificity of the habitat from which they were originally isolated. Analysis of protein spectra showed that the tested yeast isolates had seven common peaks of different intensities, with masses at 2200, 2369, 3213, 3628, 3776, 3921, and 4710 m/z. Moreover, additional strain-dependent spectra were found. The amount of synthesized carotenoids varied with the carbon and nitrogen sources used, as well as the temperature. The best producer of carotenoids was the P. rhodozyma CMIFS 102 isolate.
High SHBG and Low Bioavailable Testosterone are Strongly Causally Associated with Increased Forearm Fracture Risk in Women: An MR Study Leveraging Novel Female-Specific Data
Authors: Quester Johan , Nethander Maria , Coward Eivind , Reimann Ene , Mägi Reedik ,   Estonian Biobank Research Team, Metspalu Andres , Milani Lili , Esko Tõnu , Mägi Reedik , Nelis Mari , Hudjashov Georgi , Pettersson-Kymmer Ulrika , Hveem Kristian , Ohlsson Claes 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe effects of androgens on women’s bone health are not fully understood. Mendelian randomization (MR) studies using sex-combined data suggest that sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and bioavailable testosterone (BioT) causally affect bone traits. Given significant sex differences in hormone regulation and effects, female-specific MR studies are necessary. In the current study, we explored the causal relationships of SHBG, BioT, and total testosterone (TT) with forearm fracture (FAFx) risk in women using two-sample MR analyses. We utilized a unique female-specific FAFx outcome dataset from three European biobanks (UFO, HUNT, Estonian Biobank) comprising 111,351 women and 8823 FAFx cases, along with female-specific genetic instruments of SHBG, BioT, and TT identified in the UK Biobank. We also assessed bone mineral density (BMD) at the forearm (FA), femoral neck (FN), and lumbar spine (LS) using female-specific GWAS data from the GEFOS consortium. High SHBG (odds ratio per standard deviation increase (OR/SD): 1.53, 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 1.34–1.75), low BioT (OR/SD: 0.77, 0.71–0.84) and low TT (OR/SD 0.90, 0.83–0.98) were causally associated with increased FAFx risk. BioT was positively, and SHBG inversely, causally associated with especially FA-BMD, but also LS-BMD and FN-BMD, while TT was only significantly positively associated with FA-BMD and LS-BMD. We propose that endogenous androgens and SHBG are important for women’s bone health at distal trabecular-rich bone sites such as the distal forearm and may serve as predictors for FAFx risk.
Partial migration pays off in black-faced cormorants: insights from post-breeding GPS tracking
Authors: Cansse Thomas , Lens Luc , Orben Rachael A. , Sutton Grace J. , Botha Jonathan A. , Arnould John P.Y. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSeasonal variation in food availability or adverse weather patterns can create challenging conditions for year-round survival. Birds experiencing such fluctuations may migrate to locations with better food availability in the non-breeding period. While some species are obligate migrants, others are facultative migrants where various post-breeding strategies exist within populations. Several cormorant and shag species are facultative migrants with a range of post-breeding movement strategies within populations. Currently, most of the information available on cormorant post-breeding strategies originates from banding studies and little is known about their movements, time budget or habitat use during the non-breeding period. In the present study, Australian endemic black-faced cormorants (Phalacrocorax fuscescens), breeding on Notch Island, Victoria, were tracked with GPS data loggers during the non-breeding period. Different post-breeding strategies were observed. Individuals were either resident (N = 36, 69%), remaining within a short distance of the colony (16.7 ± 2.2 km) or migratory (N = 16, 31%), travelling greater distances (250.7 ± 24.4 km) to establish a new central place foraging location. Data from individuals which covered the entire non-breeding period indicated that, across strategies, individual birds had one area of residency during the non-breeding period. Migratory individuals were found to have lower daily activity levels, spending less time flying and foraging, than resident individuals during the early non-breeding period, possibly indicating that they had access to greater prey resources. Regardless of the post-breeding strategy, individuals utilised foraging locations that were of similar seabed depths year-round suggesting individual specialisation in prey resources or foraging habitats.
Elevated Atmospheric Co2 Levels Impact Soil Protist Functional Core Community Compositions
Authors: C.-Dupont Alessandra Ö. , Rosado-Porto David , Sundaram Indhu Shanmuga , Ratering Stefan , Schnell Sylvia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractProtists, known as microeukaryotes, are a significant portion of soil microbial communities. They are crucial predators of bacteria and depend on bacterial community dynamics for the growth and evolution of protistan communities. In parallel, increased levels of atmospheric CO2 significantly impact bacterial metabolic activity in rhizosphere soils. In this study, we investigated the effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 levels on the metabolically active protist community composition and function and their co-occurrences with bacteria from bulk and rhizosphere soils from the Giessen Free-Air CO2 enrichment grassland experiment. Metabarcoding sequencing data analyses of partial 18S rRNA from total soil RNA showed that elevated CO2 concentrations stimulated only a few ASVs of phagotrophic predators of bacteria and other microeukaryotes, affecting protist community composition (P = 0.006, PERMANOVA). In parallel, phagotrophic and parasitic lineages appeared slightly favoured under ambient CO2 conditions, results that were corroborated by microbial signature analyses. Cross-comparisons of protist-bacteria co-occurrences showed mostly negative relations between prokaryotes and microeukaryotes, indicating that the ongoing increase in atmospheric CO2 will lead to changes in microbial soil communities and their interactions, potentially cascading to higher trophic levels in soil systems.
Trans-arterial embolization for treatment of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding—a multicenter analysis
Authors: Hosse Clarissa , Moos Maximilian , Becker Lena S. , Sieren Malte , Müller Lukas , Stoehr Fabian , Schaarschmidt Benedikt M. , Barbone Gianluca , Collettini Federico , Fehrenbach Uli , Hinrichs Jan B. , Kloeckner Roman , Geisel Dominik , Tacke Frank , Gebauer Bernhard , Auer Timo A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the technical feasibility, safety, and clinical success rate of trans-arterial embolization (TAE) as an emergency treatment for acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB).

Materials and methods
Consecutive patients who received urgent TAE due to active LGIB at five academic centers in Germany were retrospectively analyzed. LGIB was confirmed and localized using contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) or endoscopy. Outcome parameters including technical and clinical success rates as well as ischemia-related adverse events were analyzed. Furthermore, treatment-related variables that may affect technical and clinical success were analyzed using a regression model.

Results
One hundred and forty-one patients were included. TAE was performed in 91% (128/141) of patients. In 81% (114/141) of patients, TAE was performed due to active bleeding visible at angiography, the remaining 10% (14/141) underwent empiric embolization based on pre-interventional imaging. In 9% (13/141) of patients, no TAE was performed. Microcoils were the most used embolic 48.5% (62/128), followed by glue 23.5% (30/128) and Microparticles (8%; 10/128). In the case of bleeding visible in angiography, the technical success rate was 100% (114/114); the clinical success rate was 93.6% (120/128). Severe ischemia-related adverse events necessitating bowel surgery occurred in 14% (18/128) of all patients after embolization. Thirty-day mortality was 14% (21/141). Regression analysis revealed no significant correlations but a statistical trend toward a higher incidence of bowel resection when glue was used (p = 0.090) and toward a higher 30-day mortality when an unselective embolization was performed (p = 0.057).

Conclusion
TAE for LGIB has a high technical and clinical success rate. Severe ischemia-related adverse events necessitating bowel surgery occurred in 14% of patients without identifying a significant correlation to the embolization technique or an embolic.

Key Points
QuestionIs trans-arterial embolization (TAE) viable as an emergency treatment for acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB)?
FindingsTAE demonstrated a 100% technical and 93.6% clinical success rate in treating acute LGIB, with severe ischemia-related adverse events occurring in 14% of patients.
Clinical relevanceTAE is highly effective and has an acceptable complication rate in treating lower gastrointestinal bleeding, emphasizing the need for a direct head-to-head comparison between endovascular and endoscopic therapy.
Follow-up analysis of lesion characteristics of enchondromas and atypical cartilaginous tumours of the knee and shoulder region on MRI
Authors: Woltsche Johannes Nikolaus , Smolle Maria Anna , Szolar Dieter , Leithner Andreas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objective
Enchondromas (ECs) and atypical cartilaginous tumours (ACTs), respectively, represent benign and intermediate cartilaginous bone tumours. Differentiation between these tumour entities bears difficulties, as histology and MRI cannot always provide exact diagnoses. Observation of the natural course of ECs/ACTs via follow-up MRIs might support tumour distinction without needing biopsy harbouring sampling error.

Materials and methods
Reports of patients that had undergone MRI exams of the knee (n = 44.762) or shoulder (n = 21.550) at a single radiology institute between 01.01.2007 and 01.03.2020 were searched for ECs/ACTs with at least one follow-up MRI. Scans of 176 patients (with 182 cartilage lesions) fulfilling these criteria were subsequently re-examined together with corresponding MRI reports to evaluate morphological tumour development over time, focusing on potential alterations of lesion size, tumour-related oedema, and scalloping.

Results
Median follow-up time was 27 ± 53 months for knee tumours and 26 ± 32 months for shoulder lesions. Presence of tumour growth was significantly higher in ACTs than in ECs both at the knee (p = 0.04) and shoulder (p = 0.03). While ACTs were associated with median tumour growth rates of 0.039 mm/month (knee) and 0.083 mm/month (shoulder), ECs of the knee and shoulder showed lower median growth rates equivalent to 0.0 mm/month (p < 0.01, p < 0.01). ECs and ACTs both presented stable regarding tumour-related oedema and scalloping during follow-up.

Conclusion
ACTs and ECs show different tumour growth rates. Growth rates are slow for both, ECs and ACTs, supporting the current concept of watchful waiting. ECs may decrease in size. Follow-up MRIs may support the radiological differentiation of cartilage lesions.

Key Points
QuestionBoth singular MRI and histological examination have limitations regarding differentiation of enchondromas (EC) and atypical cartilaginous tumours (ACTs).
FindingsMedian ACT growth rates were 0.039 mm/month (knee) and 0.083 mm/month (shoulder), while median growth rates of EC in the knee and shoulder were 0.0 mm/month.
Clinical relevanceActive surveillance is a safe strategy when dealing with ECs and ACTs of the long bones; follow-up MRIs may support tumour distinction of cartilage lesions, as ECs and ACTs show different growth behaviour.
Scrolling through adolescence: a systematic review of the impact of TikTok on adolescent mental health
Authors: Conte Giulia , Iorio Giorgia Di , Esposito Dario , Romano Sara , Panvino Fabiola , Maggi Susanna , Altomonte Benedetta , Casini Maria Pia , Ferrara Mauro , Terrinoni Arianna 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAmidst rising concerns about mental health in adolescents, the role of social media (SM), particularly highly visual platforms such as TikTok, has become a growing focus of investigation. In the extant literature, conclusive evidence is limited by the aggregate analysis of very heterogeneous SM platforms. This systematic scoping review examines the relationship between TikTok and mental health in adolescents. Additionally, it aims to highlight potential interactions between typical developmental processes and the unique aspects of TikTok, exploring their relevance to mental health within this demographic. Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, and PsychINFO yielded 20 studies that met the inclusion criteria, encompassing a total of 17,336 subjects from 10 countries. The retrieved studies analyzed four main topics related to TikTok use, i.e., the overall impact on adolescents’ mental health, risk of problematic use and behavioral addiction, consequences on body image and self-esteem, and possible spreading of mental illness behaviors. While TikTok offers creative opportunities for self-expression and peer connection, the literature raises concerns about its potential negative effects on teens, such as lower life satisfaction, increased risk of “contagion” of certain psychiatric symptoms, and problematic usage patterns. Significant variations in study methodologies and outcome measures were observed. In the current era of evolving SM landscapes, a comprehensive approach informed by developmentally grounded research is critically needed to further understand the interplay between SM and adolescent mental health, providing insights for health authorities and policymakers.
Videotelefonie in Notrufzentralen – Erfahrungen zwei Jahre nach Einführung bei der Kantonalen Walliser Rettungsorganisation
Authors: Schneiter Anja , Steffen Richard , Roten Fredy-Michel , Knapp Jürgen 
Published: October 2024

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung
Die inzwischen weite Verbreitung von Smartphones macht den Einsatz der Videotelefonie für Notrufzentralen und Rettungsleitstellen interessant. Es gibt aber nur wenig wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse über Nutzen und Probleme der Videotelefonie als Ergänzung zu den herkömmlichen telefonischen Notrufen außerhalb von Reanimationssituationen. Wir haben die Erfahrungen einer großen Notrufzentrale in der Schweiz seit Einführung der Videotelefonie vor gut zwei Jahren evaluiert und präsentieren unser Fazit aus dem Projekt, um so die Diskussion um den Nutzen der Videotelefonie mit erster Evidenz zu unterstützen.

Methoden
Zur Qualitätssicherung wurden die Notrufe der Kantonalen Walliser Rettungsorganisation (KWRO), bei denen Videotelefonie eingesetzt wurde, konsekutiv erfasst und prospektiv dokumentiert. Zudem wurden 284 stichprobenartig ausgewählte Anrufer nach einem Notruf mit Videotelefonie nachbefragt. Zwei Jahre nach Einführung wurden die Disponenten der Notrufzentrale anhand eines einheitlichen Fragebogens hinsichtlich ihrer Erfahrungen und ihrer Zufriedenheit mit der Videotelefonie retrospektiv nachbefragt.

Ergebnisse
Zwischen November 2021 und Januar 2024 wurde bei insgesamt 1972 Notrufen versucht, eine Videoverbindung aufzubauen. In 82 % kam ein Videotelefonat zustande. Aus technischen Gründen hat die Videotelefonie in 238 Anrufen (12 %) nicht funktioniert. Die Qualität der Bild- und Tonübermittlung wird in 91 % als gut beurteilt. Insbesondere zur Beurteilung von Blutungen, der Atmung und des Bewusstseinszustands und in Reanimationssituationen scheint die Videotelefonie sehr hilfreich zu sein. Wir berichten mehrere Fälle, in denen die Kommunikation mit dem Anrufer und die Disposition der Rettungsmittel durch die Videotelefonie verbessert werden konnten. Die Bereitschaft der Anrufer, die Videotelefonie anzuwenden, ist hoch. Nur in 32 Notrufen (2 %) lehnte der Anrufer eine Videotelefonie ab. Die große Mehrheit der Anrufer (94 %) fühlt sich durch die Videotelefonie sicherer.

Schlussfolgerung
Eine Implementierung der Videotelefonie auf Notrufzentralen bietet eine große technische Zuverlässigkeit bei sehr hoher Zufriedenheit von Disponenten und Akzeptanz der Anrufenden. Sie zeigt großes Potenzial, zukünftig die Qualität der Notrufabfrage und der Disposition zu verbessern.
The survey on the dual nature of xAI challenges in intrusion detection and their potential for AI innovation
Authors: Pawlicki Marek , Pawlicka Aleksandra , Kozik Rafał , Choraś Michał 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the rapidly evolving domain of cybersecurity, the imperative for intrusion detection systems is undeniable; yet, it is increasingly clear that to meet the ever-growing challenges posed by sophisticated threats, intrusion detection itself stands in need of the transformative capabilities offered by the explainable artificial intelligence (xAI). As this concept is still developing, it poses an array of challenges that need addressing. This paper discusses 25 of such challenges of varying research interest, encountered in the domain of xAI, identified in the course of a targeted study. While these challenges may appear as obstacles, they concurrently present as significant research opportunities. These analysed challenges encompass a wide spectrum of concerns spanning the intersection of xAI and cybersecurity. The paper underscores the critical role of xAI in addressing opacity issues within machine learning algorithms and sets the stage for further research and innovation in the quest for transparent and interpretable artificial intelligence that humans are able to trust. In addition to this, by reframing these challenges as opportunities, this study seeks to inspire and guide researchers towards realizing the full potential of xAI in cybersecurity.
Siblings of Persons with Disabilities: A Systematic Integrative Review of the Empirical Literature
Authors: Levante Annalisa , Martis Chiara , Del Prete Cristina Maria , Martino Paola , Primiceri Patrizia , Lecciso Flavia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe systematic review aimed to systematize the empirical literature on the psychological impact of disability on the siblings of persons with disabilities, to inform research and provide clinical recommendations. Two research questions addressed the review: (1) What are the main psychological constructs investigated in siblings of persons with disability? (2) What is the main role of each psychological construct in siblings of persons with disability experience? The electronic search was conducted in 7 databases and the PRISMA diagram was used. The inclusion criteria were: Papers published in English and in peer-reviewed journals; papers published between January 2014 and June 2024; qualitative, quantitative, and mixed studies; and papers on the psychological impact of disabilities and/or chronic illnesses on the experience of siblings of persons with disabilities. The standardized Mixed Method Appraisal Tool protocol was used to appraise the methodological quality of the studies. To summarize the findings, a narrative approach was adopted. A total of 60 studies have been reviewed. According to the methodological quality appraisal of studies, most of them reported a high (n = 45) and medium (n = 15) quality. They involved 10,146 participants. Findings revealed that sibling relationships, sibling-focused parentification, and emotional/behavioral adjustment are the main psychological constructs investigated by existing literature. Few studies focused on siblings’ well-being. Studies exploring more than a psychological construct were included as a hybrid. Only one study examined the siblings’ psychological experience during the COVID-19 pandemic. The quality of the sibling relationship ranged from good to poor; the caregiver is the main role played by siblings of persons with disabilities; anxiety, depression, and aggressive behaviors are the main emotional/behavioral symptoms revealed. Most studies (n = 39) recruited participants with brothers or sisters with mental disorders. The findings of this systematic review may play a role in the clinical field, as they might help to design gender- and age-specific intervention programs.
Revisiting products of the form X times a linearized polynomial L(X)
Authors: Beierle Christof 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
For a q-polynomial L over a finite field

$$\mathbb {F}_{q^n}$$

F

q
n

, we characterize the differential spectrum of the function

$$f_L:\mathbb {F}_{q^n} \rightarrow \mathbb {F}_{q^n}, x \mapsto x \cdot L(x)$$

f
L

:

F

q
n

→

F

q
n

,
x
↦
x
·
L

(
x
)

and show that, for

$$n \le 5$$

n
≤
5

, it is completely determined by the image of the rational function

$$r_L :\mathbb {F}_{q^n}^* \rightarrow \mathbb {F}_{q^n}, x \mapsto L(x)/x$$

r
L

:

F

q
n

∗

→

F

q
n

,
x
↦
L

(
x
)

/
x

. This result follows from the classification of the pairs (L, M) of q-polynomials in

$$\mathbb {F}_{q^n}[X]$$

F

q
n

[
X
]

,

$$n \le 5$$

n
≤
5

, for which

$$r_L$$

r
L

and

$$r_M$$

r
M

have the same image, obtained in Csajbók et al. (Ars Math Contemp 16(2):585–608, 2019). For the case of

$$n>5$$

n
>
5

, we pose an open question on the dimensions of the kernels of

$$x \mapsto L(x) - ax$$

x
↦
L
(
x
)
-
a
x

for

$$a \in \mathbb {F}_{q^n}$$

a
∈

F

q
n

. We further present a link between functions

$$f_L$$

f
L

of differential uniformity bounded above by q and scattered q-polynomials and show that, for odd values of q, we can construct CCZ-inequivalent functions

$$f_M$$

f
M

with bounded differential uniformity from a given function

$$f_L$$

f
L

fulfilling certain properties.