bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrofit de la construcción mediante paneles prefabricados: una reseña del estado del arte = Building Retrofit through prefabricated panels: an overview on the state of the art.
Authors: Seghezzia Elena , Masera Gabriele 
Published: March 2016

ResumenEl objetivo principal de este paper es ofrecer una reseña del utilizo de sistemas de paneles prefabricados en el retrofit de edificios. El retrofit representa un punto focal de la eficiencia energética, considerando el gran numero de edificios existentes, privados y públicos, en Europa. La necesidad de intervención en este ámbito es enfatizada por las Directivas Europeas, y por la roadmap de Horizon 2020. Varias investigaciones y proyectos se centran en el tema de la prefabricación en el retrofit, enfatizando la importancia de esta estrategia. La reseña de el estado del arte muestra los diferentes enfoques de los paneles prefabricados: una clasificación critica de estos proyectos diferencia entre sistemas basados en grandes o pequeños paneles, sistemas de ampliación basados en paneles estructurales y sistemas parcialmente prefabricados. Esta clasificación es útil porque consiente posibles progresos en este campo, enfatizando los adventajas y desventajas de cada sistema. Los asuntos mas importantes son los de diseño, fabricación, transporte y instalación. Una reseña de estos asuntos es también provista, enfatizando los campos de innovación, y los posibles futuros desarrollos de la prefabricación en el retrofit de las construcciones. AbstractThe main aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the use of prefabricated panels in external building retrofitting. Building retrofit represents a pivotal point in terms of energy efficiency, connected to the great amount of existing buildings, both public and private, all around Europe. The need of intervention is underlined by different European Directives, as well as by Horizon 2020 roadmap. Many research works and projects are focusing on the theme of prefabrication in retrofit, stressing the importance of this strategy. The review of the state of the art shows several approaches in terms of prefabricated panels: a critical classification of these projects distinguish between systems based on large and small panels, systems for extensions based on structural panels, and partially prefabricated systems. The classification is useful as it can help in understanding further development of prefabricated panels, underlining the advantages and disadvantages of the systems. The main challenges are linked to design, fabrication, transport and installation. An overview of those issues is also provided, stressing the main innovation fields to be further investigated, and the possible future developments of prefabrication in building retrofit.
Performance Analysis in Web Based Data Uploading using LZ77 Compression and Chunking Method
Authors: Mallafi Hadary 
Published: March 2016

One of the limitations in data uploading process is the maximum request length, besides that the data size that us transferred is also an issue because it influences the data sending cost. One of the way to cope with the problem of maximum request length is by downsizing the file size (chunking). Another way to do it is by enlarging the maximum reques length. Downsizing the file size can be done by chunking the files into a smaller size or by compressing it. In this paper, the author conducted a research about the file compression process that is done in client server using the technology of AJAX and Webservice. In addition to that, the file compression is combined with file chunking. In this research, the compression method that is used is dictionary based i.e. Lempel Ziv 77(LZ77). This compression is used since it can be performed in AJAX. The analysis that is made by the researcher about the compression ratio, data sending process speed, compression time, decompression time, the compression method capability in handling the maximum request length and the combination method of compression and chunking in uploading process. The result of this research shows that compression method can handle the maximum requet length. Based on the experiment conducted, the relations between the compression ratio and window length is positively corelated. It means that the greater the window length is the more the compression ratio is. Meanwhile, the relation between window length and uploading time is negatively linearly corelated. It means that the greater the window length is the faster the uploading time is. In addition, it can also be observed that the relation between the decompression and the file size is positively linearly correlated. It means that the greater the file size is the more time needed for decompression is.
PEMETAAN GENETIK VIRUS RABIES PADA ANJING SEBAGAI DASAR PENETAPAN PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT (Genetic Mapping of Rabies Virus in Dogs as a Basis for Disease Control)
Authors: Saepulloh Muharam , Adji R. M. Abdul 
Published: March 2016

The purpose of this study was to determine the genetic characteristics of rabies virus based on phylogenetic relationship among rabies virus in various regions in Indonesia. The amino acid sequence of the nucleoprotein gene of rabies virus isolate from Banten (RV/Banten-01/dog/2007), Makasar (RV/MKS-26/dog/2010), Bukit Tinggi (RV/BKT-52/dog/2009 and RV/BKT-58/dog/2009), Medan (RV/Medan-27/dog/2007) and Bali (RV/Bali-1/dog/2009; RV/Bali-2/dog/2009; RV/Bali-3/dog/2009), Indonesia was determined. These isolates showed a high degree of homology among Indonesian isolates which reached 100%. Meanwhile, the level of homology between rabies virus isolates from cats rabies virus isolates from dogs reached 97%. Results of phylogenetic analysis using the amino acid sequences of the N genes showed that all of Indonesian rabies virus isolates were closely related to rabies viruses from China than those from Thailand, Laos, Burma, and Vietnam which geografically closer to Indonesia. Data obtained from the phylogenetic analysis is expected to trace the source of rabies spread and the possibility to create a vaccines which more suitable with rabies virus that spreads in Indonesia. Based on the phylogenetic relationship analysis using the amino acid sequence of the rabies virus N protein gene showed that all of rabies virus isolated from Indonesian regions share a high homology with others ranging from 97-100%.Key words: sequencing, rabies, nucleoprotein gene (N), homology
POTENSI TRANSDIFERENSIASI SEL FIBROBLAS MENJADI SEL SARAF SECARA IN VITRO (Transdifferentiation Potency of Fibroblast Cell to Neuron Cell in Vitro)
Authors: Kaiin Ekayanti M. , Djuwita Ita 
Published: March 2016

The aim of this study was to examine the potency of fibroblast cells transdifferentiated to neuron cells in vitro. Newborn rat neuron conditioned medium (NBRN CM) was collected from neuron cells cultured with mDMEM without serum for 48 hours. Fibroblast cells were collected from fetal rat muscle treated with trypsin. Fibroblast cells were culture with 3 kind of culture medium: mDMEM + 0.01 mM β-mercaptoethanol; mDMEM + 50% NBRN-CM and mDMEM + 0.01 mM β-mercaptoethanol + 50% NBRN CM . As control, cells was cultured with mDMEM +10% newborn calf serum (NBCS). The addition of NBRN CM into culture medium resulted in 12.97% newborn cells in fibroblast culture medium passage I. Newborn rat neuron conditioned medium in fibroblast culture medium resulted 12.97% neuron cells at passage 1. The percentage was increased (14.60%) when β- mercaptoethanol added into medium. The same result was found at passage 3 (12.67%; 13.17%). It showed that fibroblast cells has potency to transdifferentiated into neuron cells when cultured with NBRN CM. Further research is needed to know the fibroblast transdifferentiation potency. Key words: fibroblast, transdifferentiation, conditioned medium, neuron cells, in vitro
TINGKAT FERTILISASI OOSIT DOMBA DARI OVARIUM YANG DISIMPAN PADA SUHU DAN WAKTU YANG BERBEDA SECARA IN VITRO
Authors: Febretrisiana Arie , Agus Setiadi Mohamad , Kurniani Karja Ni Wayan 
Published: March 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh suhu dan waktu penyimpanan ovarium terhadap tingkat fertilisasi oosit secara in vitro pada domba. Ovarium dibawa dari rumah potong hewan (RPH) dalam medium NaCl fisiologis pada suhu yang berbeda yaitu 27-28° C, 36-37° C, dan 4° C. Oosit kemudian dikoleksi dari setiap kelompok berdasarkan waktu penyimpanan yang berbeda yaitu 2-4, 5-7, dan 8-10 jam setelah domba dipotong. Oosit dikoleksi dan dimaturasi secara in vitro dalam inkubator 5% CO2, 38,5°C selama 28 jam. Oosit kemudian difertilisasi ke dalam drop spermatozoa selama 14 jam dalam inkubator CO2 5%, 38,5 C. Tingkat fertilisasi dievaluasi berdasarkan jumlah pronukleus yang terbentuk. Tingkat fertilisasi oosit yang dikoleksi dari ovarium yang disimpan pada suhu 27-28° C tidak berbeda dengan tingkat fertilisasi oosit yang disimpan pada suhu 36-37° C dan pada suhu 4° C, 2-4 jam setelah kematian hewan (masing-masing 53; 66,66; dan 63%) (P0,05). Tingkat fertilisasi oosit mulai mengalami penurunan pada tiga kelompok perlakuan setelah ovarium disimpan selama 8-10 jam, tingkat fertilisasi oosit yang disimpan pada suhu 27-28° C; 36-37° C; dan suhu 4° C masing-masing berturut-turut sebesar 9,8; 22,22; dan 12,24%. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa penyimpanan ovarium pada suhu 27-28° C dan 36-37° C selama 5-7 jam dapat mempertahankan kompetensi oosit dibandingkan dengan penyimpanan pada suhu 4° C.
DAYA TAHAN HIDUP Toxoplasma gondii DALAM SUSU KAMBING SETELAH PASTEURISASI SUHU TINGGI WAKTU SINGKAT
Authors: Saridewi Rismayani , Lukman Denny Widaya , Sudarwanto Mirnawati , Cahyaningsih Umi 
Published: March 2016

Tujuan dari penelitian adalah menetapkan daya tahan hidup takizoit Toxoplasma gondii galur RH dalam susu kambing setelah dipasteurisasi pada suhu tinggi dalam waktu singkat. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan metode in vivo dan mencit diinfeksi dengan takizoit Toxoplasma gondii galur RH secara intraperitoneal dengan konsentrasi 2,76x106 takizoit/ekor. Mencit dibagi atas tiga kelompok perlakuan, yaitu susu pasteurisasi dan takizoit yang dipanaskan pada suhu 72 °C selama 15 detik (P), susu pasteurisasi dan takizoit tanpa dipanaskan sebagai kontrol positif (KP), dan susu pasteurisasi tanpa takizoit sebagai kontrol negatif (KN). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ditemukan takizoit di dalam cairan peritoneal pada P dan KN. Takizoit Toxoplasma gondii galur RH ditemukan pada KP yang mempunyai jumlah konsentrasi hampir sama sebelum dan setelah infeksi.
Digital Reamer Enhances Drilling Efficiency, Economics, and Safety
Authors: Al-Essa Ahmed 
Published: March 2016

Technology Update
Expandable reamers were developed to improve efficiencies and reduce risk while drilling through problematic formations in deep water and other offshore wells, where wellbore stability is a major challenge.
Lean-profile well designs have been implemented to enable operators to drill faster and more efficiently, with better well control and less material, within a narrow pressure window between formation fracture and shale collapse.
Using this concept, the well is drilled using the smallest possible hole sections and minimum clearances between casing strings. This allows access to the reservoir with a larger-diameter hole to increase production flow rate or access to additional reserves that otherwise would be unreachable because of their extreme depth.
Lean-profile wells require rotary steerable systems to create smooth wellbores, and expandable reamers to manage equivalent circulating densities (ECDs) and maintain wellbore stability while enlarging the hole under the casing sufficiently to allow reliable cementing.
The first concentric expandable reamers were ball-activated. Once expanded, they could not be closed without stopping circulation. The second iteration was modified so that the reamer could be deactivated to allow circulation after reaming for better hole cleaning.
The advantages of the concentric expandable reamer over its mechanical-arm predecessors included the attainment of a larger borehole size that could accommodate larger bottomhole assembly (BHA) components, flexibility in pilot bit selection, higher flow rates, and the ability to ream a previously drilled hole or to back ream a hole after drilling.
The advances in underreaming technology expanded its application to the point at which it is now used on a high percentage of development wells. The most common application is shoe-to-shoe underreaming to enlarge the clearance for easier tripping and casing running.
However, there are drawbacks to traditional expandable underreaming systems. Activation cannot be confirmed. Additionally, the placement of the reamer at 100 to 300 ft above the bit means that the equivalent portion of the hole, known as a rathole, cannot be enlarged without a dedicated trip that typically requires 1 to 2 days of rig time at a daily cost ranging from USD 1 million to USD 2 million.
Going Underbalanced in Unconventional Reservoirs
Authors: Jacobs Trent 
Published: March 2016

For the past quarter of a century, underbalanced drilling (UBD) has been a niche technology known to many and practiced by few. It has seen acceptance in the North Sea, where UBD is used to drill through depleted reservoirs. In the Middle East and North Africa, it has been recognized as the only economic way to reach total depth through ultrahard carbonates.
And in recent years, UBD has started to show promise as a way to drill horizontal wells in tight rock and shale plays in the United States. However, the technology has not reached full acceptance. Part of the issue is that the drivers behind UBD’s use have been as heterogeneous as the unconventional formations that companies are using it in.
In heavily fractured formations, users say the underbalanced method makes horizontal drilling easier and reduces mud costs by eliminating loss of circulation problems. This also tends to result in less rig time per well as it increases the rate of penetration (ROP). Rather than use UBD in the production section, some unconventional operators only use it for tophole drilling and then go overbalanced before reaching the reservoir. In optimal cases where UBD is used in the pay zone, enough oil can be produced and sold while drilling underbalanced that it can cover the entire cost of the drilling operation and then some.
Shell has put its full weight behind the technology after using it to reduce drilling costs and nonproductive time (NPT) during the exploration and appraisal phases of all of its unconventional programs, which span the world from China to Canada, said Keith Smelker, a well engineer at Shell.
“The reason why leadership is very bullish on the technology is because we have seen a lot of performance improvements from it,” he said. Those improvements include speeding up exploration drilling in some areas by as many as 15.days.
Before starting each of its unconventional programs, Shell engineers evaluate the applicability of going underbalanced and more often than not, they decide to do so. Smelker estimated that the company used UBD on as much as 85% of the unconventional wells it drilled last year.
What Do Fractures Look Like? A Picture Says A Lot, Even When It is Wrong
Authors: Rassenfoss Stephen 
Published: March 2016

When it comes to fracturing, experts argue about many things, but they agree that fractures do not look like lightning bolts, tree roots, or shattered glass.
The sight of an image in a recent National Geographic story showing a hydraulic fracture that looked like a lightning bolt spurred Terry Engelder, a professor of geosciences at Penn State University to call the editor and complain.
The geologist, whose work has long focused on natural fracturing, was spurred to action by a long-standing complaint: “Invariably illustrations of fracturing look nothing like the real thing,” he said. Real hydraulic fractures are likely to look like natural fractures. Hydraulic fracturing typically opens existing cracks, which means the fractures will generally run along the planes of natural fractures.
So the picture of hydraulic fractures used to stimulate wells in the Marcellus Shale should be like the natural fractures crisscrossing the vast formation, which have been studied for more than a century.
Engineers have also noticed the problem with fracturing cartoons, and even SPE has gotten complaints.
“They do not look like tree roots. Things do not shatter like glass and run in all directions,” said Norm Warpinski, a Halliburton fellow for Pinnacle, Halliburton’s geophysical testing service. Fracture “complexity has to be consistent with pre-existing geologic features.”
Some illustrations, like the one above are doubly bad because the design sends the message that drinking water aquifers are found near fractured zones, rather than thousands of feet away, creating a misleading impression that fracturing puts drinking water supplies at risk.
But these fracturing cartoons continue to appear, likely because they are easy to find online, and offer a quick fix for designers looking for a hydraulic fracturing image other than a photo of massed pumpers on a job site.
More life-like illustrations alternatives are rare. This story offers drawings that convey the blocky, angular reality of how fracturing follows natural fractures but they will not likely be the choice of an artist creating the cover for a technical conference program.
HSE Conference Finds New Ways To Bring Experts Together
Authors: Wilson Adam 
Published: March 2016

Conference Review
Helge Hove Haldorsen set the tone for SPE’s 2015 HSE conference in March at the meeting’s first keynote luncheon.
“I have an intense personal commitment to making E&P safe and sustainable,” the 2015 SPE president said.
Nearly 350 people gathered at the Omni Interlocken Resort outside of Denver for the 2015 SPE E&P Health, Safety, Security, and Environmental Conference— Americas. The conference carried the theme “Striving for HSE Excellence— It Takes All of Us.”
In his speech, Haldorsen pointed out that safety is a group effort. “We don’t compete on safety. We collaborate,” he said. “There’s lots of challenges. There are no easy buttons. But, I think, when we come together and talk about our various innovations and what we can do, sharing and collaborating … we’re going to come up with great things that take us to 2.0.”
After summing up the petroleum industry from exploration to selling the product to refineries, Haldorsen said, “E&P 2.0 means we do this smarter, faster, cheaper, more sustainable. This is the challenge for E&P. This is what we have to do.”
The conference, the 12th of its kind for SPE and the first to be held outside of Texas, celebrated several firsts and included new levels of engagement. It ended on 18 March with an interactive closing session. Before each plenary session and the closing session, attendees used remote voting devices to respond to questions about the content of the sessions. The responses drove the discussion at the closing session.
After determining the four most popular subjects—collaboration on safety throughout the industry, whether the price of oil will affect how HSE is considered, finding a middle ground for discussions, and sharing lessons learned—attendees gathered at tables dedicated to each subject. Chosen table leaders then presented the results of the discussions.
The closing session was moderated by Jack Hinton from Baker Hughes. “As I walked around, listening to the different tables, the intensity and the conviction, the importance, that I was hearing was absolutely incredible,” he said.
The interactive closing session was “in keeping with our belief that we had as a program committee,” Hinton said.
“We wanted to change the dynamic about the typical conference, where people just come and you sit and you listen.”
The conference also changed the typical conference dynamic by holding a Student Challenge competition, modeled after the PetroBowl held at SPE’s Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, and a movie night (see page.142).
The conference was punctuated with three plenary sessions, one for each day.
The first plenary session focused on the industry’s environmental footprint and consisted of three speakers: Jim Sewell with Shell E&P, Joseph Ryan with the University of Colorado Boulder, and Jon Goldstein with the Environmental Defense Fund.
A major point of discussion at the session was the effect of methane on the environment and the industry’s role in methane emissions.
Drilling Evolves as Exploration Campaign Moves to Deeper Water Offshore Mexico
Authors: Wilson Adam 
Published: March 2016

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper OTC 25030, “Drilling Evolution of the Ultradeepwater Drilling Campaign in Mexico, Perdido Fold Belt,” by Victor G. Vallejo, Aciel Olivares, and Octavio Saavedra, Pemex, and Juan R. Lopez and Manuel E. Torres, Schlumberger, prepared for the 2014 Offshore Technology Conference Asia, Kuala Lumpur, 25–28.March. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
During the 10-year period between 2003 and 2013, Mexico drilled 30 deep- and ultradeepwater wells in water depths ranging from 512 to 2900&#x7f;m. During this exploration period, the learning curve has improved with each subsequent level of difficulty and increased well depth. In order to reach water depths greater than 1500 m, both the wellbore geometry and the real-time data-acquisition strategy have changed.
Introduction
Fig. 1 shows how wellbore geometry evolved to reach geological targets and how the various hole diameters changed to meet exploration objectives. As seen on the left of the figure, a conventional drilling and data-acquisition approach was applied: drilling a 12¼-in. pilot hole for data acquisition and thereafter enlarging the hole to 17½ or 14¾ in. to set the casing. This enabled real-time logging-while-drilling (LWD) data acquisition and provided a 12¾-in. maximum hole size for wireline data acquisition. However, as water depth increased (right side of Fig. 1), the hole-size requirements for the mechanical well design increased accordingly. In some cases, with shallow geological targets, the required hole size of 22 in. was needed for the casing. This required a strategy to drill an appropriate hole size for LWD and wireline evaluation with minimal dedicated drilling and hole-enlargement trips. The evaluation programs considered realtime data needed to make decisions during the drilling phase and support decisions for a more- comprehensive wireline evaluation program if the zones warranted more extensive evaluation. The comprehensive evaluation logging suites included wireline-logging tools with triaxial resistivity, elemental-capture spectro scopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, vertical seismic profiles, mechanical sidewall coring, and the complete suite of formation-testing services for pressure and fluid sampling. The ultimate goal of the program was to provide accurate volumetrics, physical rock samples, and fluid samples for the booking of hydrocarbon reserves.