bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paraenetic Character of Modern Islamic Prose
Authors: Kubarek Magdalena 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Paraenetic literature encompasses didactic literature which promotes adequate and morally correct manner of action. One of the features of paraenesis is its normativism proposing models of ideal heroes, characteristic for a given social background. Paraenetic literature has its roots in Ancient Greece. In the subsequent centuries Christianity, drawing on the ancient canon of an ideal man, proposed moral values and ideal heroes hitherto unknown. At the same time, what Christianity did in the Middle Ages, Renaissance and Baroque, was to develop new genres that aimed at conveying paraenetic content. The concept of the aesthetic role of literature as opposed to its utilitarian character was created as late as in Romanticism.
In the Arab world the utilitarian and aesthetic functions have stood hand in hand since the very beginning. In the 1980s a movement described as “Islamic literature” emerged. This genre has a didactic function and aims at forming attitudes and moral behavior patterns that go in line with the rules of Islam. This paper analyses models of heroes who are inspired by Prophet Muhammad and face modern dangers and challenges, resulting from the Western pressure.
The Discreet Horror of the Holocaust in Ida Fink’s Stories
Authors: Waligóra Janusz 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The topic of the article is writings by Ida Fink. It analyses stories of the author of Wiosna 1941 (The Spring 1941) which refer to the Holocaust. The analysis also draws attention to the poetics of “discreet horror” in which Ida Fink’s stories are embedded. In her records the author does not underline the cruelty, but shows the terror of the situation by subtle narrative and compositional manoeuvres. The picture of death is de-emphasised by the psychology of characters, and the main focus are complicated human relationships in which the author with a great delicacy presents various emotional states of people who, despite being sentenced to death, still try to survive the war.
Ida Fink’s stories are different from the majority of Holocaust literature which exposes the severity and brutality of mass death. These stories stand out as an exceptional phenomenon among works by such authors as Tadeusz Borowski, Zofia Nałkowska, Leon Buczkowski, Henryk Grynberg or Bogdan Wojdowski.
Free vs. locally free Kleinian groups
Authors: Pankka Pekka , Souto Juan 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
We prove that Kleinian groups whose limit sets are Cantor sets of Hausdorff dimension

<

<

1 are free. On the other hand we construct for any ε

>

>

0
an example of a non-free purely hyperbolic Kleinian group whose limit set is a Cantor set of Hausdorff dimension

<

<

1

+

+

ε.
Reindustrialization: A Challenge to the Economy in the First Quarter of the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Krawczyński Michał , Czyżewski Piotr , Bocian Karol 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The weakening EU and US economies in the aftermath of the global crisis of 2007 need an impulse to act for the improvement of their condition. The analysis of the history of the GDP of selected world economies suggests that a remedy for it may be the strengthening of the industrial sector. By strengthening, we mean its growth, that is, building and developing manufacturing plants. Large multinationals have generally been relocating their production to China, where labor costs have traditionally been a couple of times lower than in the US or the EU. However, over the past years, the pay gap between the US and China has narrowed, and transport prices have gone up. These are the reasons why numerous large American companies decided to transfer part of their business processes back to the homeland. Also, the EU has been taking account of the benefits of a stable industry. Therefore, it has launched the strategy of “European industry rebirth” that entails a growth of the industry’s share in the GDP up to the level of 20%. In order for EU countries to be able to attain it, the paper raises the issue of the Industrie 4.0 methodology, premises and guidelines may, to a large extent, contribute to success. The paper also takes an in-depth look at Industrie 4.0 and discusses its pros and cons. We attempt to provide an answer to the question of whether Industrie 4.0 may be a tool for reindustrialization.
Complications of Sepsis in Infant. A Case Report
Authors: Meliţ Lorena Elena , Mărginean Cristina Oana , Georgescu Anca , Duicu Carmen 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response (SIRS) characterized by two or more of the following: fever > 38.5 °C or <36 °C, tachycardia, medium respiratory frequency over two SD for age, increased number of leukocytes.
The following is a case of an eight months old, female infant, admitted in to the clinic for fever (39.7 C), with an onset five days before the admission, following trauma to the inferior lip and gum. Other than the trauma to the lip and gum, a clinical exam did not reveal any other pathological results. The laboratory tests showed leukocytosis, positive acute phase reactants (ESR 105 mm/h, PCR 85 mg/dl), with positive blood culture for Staphylococcus aureus MSSA. at 24 hours. Three days from admission, despite the administration of antibiotics (Vancomycin+Meronem), there was no remission of fever, and the infant developed a fluctuant collection above the knee joint. This was drained, and was of a serous macroscopic nature. A decision was made to perform a CT, which confirmed the diagnosis of septic arthritis. At two days after the intervention, the fever reappeared, therefore the antibiotic regime were altered (Oxacillin instead of Vancomycin), resulting in resolution of the fever. Sepsis in infant is a complex pathology, with non-specific symptoms and unpredictable evolution.
On fusion rules and solvability of a fusion category
Authors: Escañuela González Melisa , Natale Sonia 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
We address the question whether or not the condition on a fusion category being solvable is determined by its fusion rules. We prove that the answer is affirmative for some families of non-solvable examples arising from representations of semisimple Hopf algebras associated to exact factorizations of the symmetric and alternating groups. In the context of spherical fusion categories, we also consider the invariant provided by the S-matrix of the Drinfeld center and show that this invariant does determine the solvability of a fusion category provided it is group-theoretical.
A note on Factoring groups into dense subsets
Authors: Protasov Igor , Slobodianiuk Serhii 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Let G be a group of cardinality

κ
>

ℵ
0

${\kappa>\aleph_{0}}$

endowed with a topology

𝒯

${\mathcal{T}}$

such that

|
U
|

=
κ

${|U|=\kappa}$

for every non-empty

U
∈
𝒯

${U\in\mathcal{T}}$

and

𝒯

${\mathcal{T}}$

has a base of cardinality κ. We prove that G can be factorized

G
=

A
⁢
B

${G=AB}$

(i.e. each

g
∈
G

${g\in G}$

has
a unique representation

g
=

a
⁢
b

${g=ab}$

,

a
∈
A

${a\in A}$

,

b
∈
B

${b\in B}$

) into dense subsets A, B,

|
A
|

=

|
B
|

=
κ

${|A|=|B|=\kappa}$

. We do not know if this statement holds for

κ
=

ℵ
0

${\kappa=\aleph_{0}}$

even if G is a topological group.
Another look at normal approximations in cryptanalysis
Authors: Samajder Subhabrata , Sarkar Palash 
Published: May 2016

AbstractStatistical analysis of attacks on symmetric ciphers often requires assuming the normal behaviour of a test statistic. Typically such an assumption is made in an asymptotic sense. In this work, we consider concrete versions of some important normal approximations that have been made in the literature. To do this, we use the Berry–Esséen theorem to derive explicit bounds on the approximation errors. A basic mathematical requirement is that such approximation errors should be within reasonable bounds, a point which appears to have been overlooked in many of the earlier works on statistical aspects of cryptanalysis. Interpreting the error bounds in the cryptanalytic context yields several surprising results. One important implication is that this puts in doubt the applicability of the order statistics based approach for analysing key recovery attacks on block ciphers. This approach has been earlier used to obtain several results on the data complexities of (multiple) linear and differential cryptanalysis. The non-applicability of the order statistics based approach puts a question mark on the data complexities obtained using this approach. Fortunately, we are able to recover all of these results by utilising the hypothesis testing framework. This, however, necessitates using normal approximations for the
Exact solutions of the Biswas-Milovic equation, the ZK(m,n,k) equation and the K(m,n) equation using the generalized Kudryashov method
Authors: Zayed EL Sayed M.E. , Al-Nowehy Abdul-Ghani 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this article, we apply the generalized Kudryashov method for finding exact solutions of three nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs), namely: the Biswas-Milovic equation with dual-power law nonlinearity; the Zakharov--Kuznetsov equation (ZK(m,n,k)); and the K(m,n) equation with the generalized evolution term. As a result, many analytical exact solutions are obtained including symmetrical Fibonacci function solutions, and hyperbolic function solutions. Physical explanations for certain solutions of the three nonlinear PDEs are obtained.
Warm-up Practices in Elite Boxing Athletes: Impact on Power Output
Authors: Cunniffe Brian , Ellison Mark , Loosemore Mike , Cardinale Marco 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Cunniffe, B, Ellison, M, Loosemore, M, and Cardinale, M. Warm-up practices in elite boxing athletes: Iimpact on power output. J Strength Cond Res 31(1): 95–105, 2017—This study evaluated the performance impact of routine warm-up strategies in elite Olympic amateur boxing athletes and physiological implications of the time gap (GAP) between warm-up and boxing activity. Six male boxers were assessed while performing standardized prefight warm-up routines. Core and skin temperature measurements (Tcore and Tskin), heart rate, and upper- and lower-body power output (PO) were assessed before and after warm-up, during a 25-minutes GAP and after 3 × 2 minutes rounds of sparring. Reflected temperature (Tc) was also determined using high-resolution thermal images at fixed time-points to explore avenues for heat loss. Despite individual differences in warm-up duration (range 7.4–18.5 minutes), increases in Tcore and Tskin occurred (p ≤ 0.05). Corresponding increases (4.8%; p ≤ 0.05) in countermovement jump (CMJ) height and upward-rightward shifts in upper-body force-velocity and power-velocity curves were observed. Athletes remained inactive during the 25-minutes GAP with a gradual and significant increase in Tc occurring by the end of GAP suggesting the likelihood of heat loss. Decreases in CMJ height and upper-body PO were observed after 15 minutes and 25 minutes GAP (p ≤ 0.05). By the end of GAP period, all performance variables had returned to pre–warm-up values. Results suggest routine warm-ups undertaken by elite boxers have acute effects on power-generating capacity. Gradual decreases in performance variables are evident with inactivity and seem related to alterations in body temperature. Considering the constraints of major competitions and time spent in air conditioned holding areas before fights, practitioners should be aware of the potential of nullifying the warm-up effects.
High Working Memory Load Increases Intracortical Inhibition in Primary Motor Cortex and Diminishes the Motor Affordance Effect
Authors: Freeman Scott M. , Itthipuripat Sirawaj , Aron Adam R. 
Published: May 2016

Motor affordances occur when the visual properties of an object elicit behaviorally relevant motor representations. Typically, motor affordances only produce subtle effects on response time or on motor activity indexed by neuroimaging/neuroelectrophysiology, but sometimes they can trigger action itself. This is apparent in “utilization behavior,” where individuals with frontal cortex damage inappropriately grasp affording objects. This raises the possibility that, in healthy-functioning individuals, frontal cortex helps ensure that irrelevant affordance provocations remain below the threshold for actual movement. In Experiment 1, we tested this “frontal control” hypothesis by “loading” the frontal cortex with an effortful working memory (WM) task (which ostensibly consumes frontal resources) and examined whether this increased EEG measures of motor affordances to irrelevant affording objects. Under low WM load, there were typical motor affordance signatures: an event-related desynchronization in the mu frequency and an increased P300 amplitude for affording (vs nonaffording) objects over centroparietal electrodes. Contrary to our prediction, however, these affordance measures were diminished under high WM load. In Experiment 2, we tested competing mechanisms responsible for the diminished affordance in Experiment 1. We used paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation over primary motor cortex to measure long-interval cortical inhibition. We found greater long-interval cortical inhibition for high versus low load both before and after the affording object, suggesting that a tonic inhibition state in primary motor cortex could prevent the affordance from provoking the motor system. Overall, our results suggest that a high WM load “sets” the motor system into a suppressed state that mitigates motor affordances.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIs an irrelevant motor affordance more likely to be triggered when you are under low or high cognitive load? We examined this using physiological measures of the motor affordance while working memory load was varied. We observed a typical motor affordance signature when working memory load was low; however, it was abolished when load was high. Further, there was increased intracortical inhibition in primary motor cortex under high working memory load. This suggests that being in a state of high cognitive load “sets” the motor system to be imperturbable to distracting motor influences. This makes a novel link between working memory load and the balance of excitatory/inhibitory activity in the motor cortex and potentially has implications for disorders of impulsivity.
Superior Intraparietal Sulcus Controls the Variability of Visual Working Memory Precision
Authors: Galeano Weber Elena M. , Peters Benjamin , Hahn Tim , Bledowski Christoph , Fiebach Christian J. 
Published: May 2016

Limitations of working memory (WM) capacity depend strongly on the cognitive resources that are available for maintaining WM contents in an activated state. Increasing the number of items to be maintained in WM was shown to reduce the precision of WM and to increase the variability of WM precision over time. Although WM precision was recently associated with neural codes particularly in early sensory cortex, we have so far no understanding of the neural bases underlying the variability of WM precision, and how WM precision is preserved under high load. To fill this gap, we combined human fMRI with computational modeling of behavioral performance in a delayed color-estimation WM task. Behavioral results replicate a reduction of WM precision and an increase of precision variability under high loads (5 > 3 > 1 colors). Load-dependent BOLD signals in primary visual cortex (V1) and superior intraparietal sulcus (IPS), measured during the WM task at 2–4 s after sample onset, were modulated by individual differences in load-related changes in the variability of WM precision. Although stronger load-related BOLD increase in superior IPS was related to lower increases in precision variability, thus stabilizing WM performance, the reverse was observed for V1. Finally, the detrimental effect of load on behavioral precision and precision variability was accompanied by a load-related decline in the accuracy of decoding the memory stimuli (colors) from left superior IPS. We suggest that the superior IPS may contribute to stabilizing visual WM performance by reducing the variability of memory precision in the face of higher load.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis study investigates the neural bases of capacity limitations in visual working memory by combining fMRI with cognitive modeling of behavioral performance, in human participants. It provides evidence that the superior intraparietal sulcus (IPS) is a critical brain region that influences the variability of visual working memory precision between and within individuals (Fougnie et al., 2012; van den Berg et al., 2012) under increased memory load, possibly in cooperation with perceptual systems of the occipital cortex. These findings substantially extend our understanding of the nature of capacity limitations in visual working memory and their neural bases. Our work underlines the importance of integrating cognitive modeling with univariate and multivariate methods in fMRI research, thus improving our knowledge of brain-behavior relationships.
Less Is More: Semantic Information Survives Interocular Suppression When Attention Is Diverted
Authors: Eo Kangyong , Cha Oakyoon , Chong Sang Chul , Kang Min-Suk 
Published: May 2016

The extent of unconscious semantic processing has been debated. It is well established that semantic information is registered in the absence of awareness induced by inattention. However, it has been debated whether semantic information of invisible stimuli is processed during interocular suppression, a procedure that renders one eye's view invisible by presenting a dissimilar stimulus to the other eye. Inspired by recent evidence demonstrating that reduced attention attenuates interocular suppression, we tested a counterintuitive hypothesis that attention withdrawn from the suppressed target location facilitates semantic processing in the absence of awareness induced by interocular suppression. We obtained an electrophysiological marker of semantic processing (N400 component) while human participants' spatial attention was being manipulated with a cueing paradigm during interocular suppression. We found that N400 modulation was absent when participants' attention was directed to the target location, but present when diverted elsewhere. In addition, the correlation analysis across participants indicated that the N400 amplitude was reduced with more attention being directed to the target location. Together, these results indicate that inattention attenuates interocular suppression and thereby makes semantic processing available unconsciously, reconciling conflicting evidence in the literature. We discuss a tight link among interocular suppression, attention, and conscious awareness.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTInterocular suppression offers a powerful means of studying the extent of unconscious processing by rendering a salient stimulus presented to one eye invisible. Here, we provide evidence that attention is a determining factor for unconscious semantic processing. An electrophysiological marker for semantic processing (N400 component) was present when attention was diverted away from the suppressed stimulus but absent when attention was directed to that stimulus, indicating that inattention facilitates unconscious semantic processing during the interocular suppression. Although contrary to the common sense assumption that attention facilitates information processing, this result is in accordance with recent studies showing that attention modulates interocular suppression but is not necessary for semantic processing. Our finding reconciles the conflicting evidence and advances theories of consciousness.
Contour Curvature As an Invariant Code for Objects in Visual Area V4
Authors: El-Shamayleh Yasmine , Pasupathy Anitha 
Published: May 2016

Size-invariant object recognition—the ability to recognize objects across transformations of scale—is a fundamental feature of biological and artificial vision. To investigate its basis in the primate cerebral cortex, we measured single neuron responses to stimuli of varying size in visual area V4, a cornerstone of the object-processing pathway, in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Leveraging two competing models for how neuronal selectivity for the bounding contours of objects may depend on stimulus size, we show that most V4 neurons (∼70%) encode objects in a size-invariant manner, consistent with selectivity for a size-independent parameter of boundary form: for these neurons, “normalized” curvature, rather than “absolute” curvature, provided a better account of responses. Our results demonstrate the suitability of contour curvature as a basis for size-invariant object representation in the visual cortex, and posit V4 as a foundation for behaviorally relevant object codes.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSize-invariant object recognition is a bedrock for many perceptual and cognitive functions. Despite growing neurophysiological evidence for invariant object representations in the primate cortex, we still lack a basic understanding of the encoding rules that govern them. Classic work in the field of visual shape theory has long postulated that a representation of objects based on information about their bounding contours is well suited to mediate such an invariant code. In this study, we provide the first empirical support for this hypothesis, and its instantiation in single neurons of visual area V4.
Death Domain Signaling by Disulfide-Linked Dimers of the p75 Neurotrophin Receptor Mediates Neuronal Death in the CNS
Authors: Tanaka Kazuhiro , Kelly Claire E. , Goh Ket Yin , Lim Kim Buay , Ibáñez Carlos F. 
Published: May 2016

The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) mediates neuronal death in response to neural insults by activating a caspase apoptotic pathway. The oligomeric state and activation mechanism that enable p75NTRto mediate these effects have recently been called into question. Here, we have investigated mutant mice lacking the p75NTRdeath domain (DD) or a highly conserved transmembrane (TM) cysteine residue (Cys259) implicated in receptor dimerization and activation. Neuronal death induced by proneurotrophins or epileptic seizures was assessed and compared with responses in p75NTRknock-out mice and wild-type animals. Proneurotrophins induced apoptosis of cultured hippocampal and cortical neurons from wild-type mice, but mutant neurons lacking p75NTR, only the p75NTRDD, or just Cys259were all equally resistant to proneurotrophin-induced neuronal death. Homo-FRET anisotropy experiments demonstrated that both NGF and proNGF induce conformational changes in p75NTRthat are dependent on the TM cysteine.In vivo, neuronal death induced by pilocarpine-mediated seizures was significantly reduced in the hippocampus and somatosensory, piriform, and entorhinal cortices of all three strains of p75NTRmutant mice. Interestingly, the levels of protection observed in mice lacking the DD or only Cys259were identical to those of p75NTRknock-out mice even though the Cys259mutant differed from the wild-type receptor in only one amino acid residue. We conclude that, bothin vitroandin vivo, neuronal death induced by p75NTRrequires the DD and TM Cys259, supporting the physiological relevance of DD signaling by disulfide-linked dimers of p75NTRin the CNS.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA detailed understanding of the physiological significance of distinct structural determinants in the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) is crucial for the identification of suitable drug targets in this receptor. We have tested the relevance of the p75NTRdeath domain (DD) and the highly conserved transmembrane residue Cys259for the ability of p75NTRto induce apoptosis in neurons of the CNS using gene-targeted mutant mice. The physiological importance of these determinants had been contested in some recentin vitrostudies. Our results indicate a requirement for DD signaling by disulfide-linked dimers of p75NTRfor neuronal death induced by proneurotrophins and epileptic seizures. These new mouse models will be useful for clarifying different aspects of p75NTRphysiology.