bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Syntactic variation in spoken French
Authors: Rossi-Gensane Nathalie 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis chapter is dedicated to the syntax of spoken French. Section 1, which focuses on ‘orality’, presents some phenomena related to ‘oral’ situational parameters with reference to spoken French: speech production processes, ‘ellipsis’, the use of deictics, and discourse markers. Section 2 considers whether we speak in sentences or not, and examines the use of tenses, moods, and voices in spoken French, the frequent non-use of negative ne, as well as the use of interrogative constructions. Section 3, entitled ‘Between syntax and discourse’, evokes the so-called ‘syntax of spoken French’, and mentions some preferred constructions in spoken French, i.e. left detachment (or dislocation) and presentational structures, before closing with a brief reflection on whether spoken French can be considered as an illustration of syntactic variation.
Variation in Louisiana
Authors: Dajko Nathalie , Blainey Darcie 
Published: October 2016

AbstractLouisiana French displays a good deal of regional variation. This chapter compares the speech of a Ville Platte (Evangeline Parish) native with that of a Golden Meadow (Lafourche Parish) native. The analysis highlights important differences between the two regions, as well as nonstandard features common to both areas. While both parishes attest such features as pronunciation of /h/, alternation of /s/ and /ʃ/, and an extension of liaison to contexts not found in Metropolitan French, our speakers diverge in their use of such items as third-person plural subject pronouns (ils vs eusse), and affrication of /t/ and /d/ (found only in Ville Platte). In many cases, features are variable, and our speakers differ only in the rate at which they use a trait.
Mortality Following Surgical Management of Vancouver B Periprosthetic Fractures
Authors: Gitajn Ida Leah , Heng Marilyn , Weaver Michael J. , Casemyr Natalie , May Collin , Vrahas Mark S. , Harris Mitchel B. 
Published: October 2016

Objectives:
The goals of this study are to evaluate mortality after Vancouver B periprosthetic fractures and determine predictors of mortality; compare mortality among patients with loose femoral stems treated with revision arthroplasty versus fixation alone; compare mortality among patients with radiographically “indeterminate” fractures treated with revision or fixation; and evaluate the rate of return to surgery for patients who underwent revision compared with fixation.

Design:
Retrospective study.

Setting:
Three academic level 1 trauma centers.

Patients/Participants:
Two hundred three patients treated for Vancouver B periprosthetic fractures.

Intervention:
N/A.

Main Outcome Measurements:
The primary outcome measure was mortality. The secondary outcome measure was reoperation because of infection, failure of fixation, dislocation, or other mechanical failure.

Results:
Overall 1-year survival was 87% and 5-year survival was 54%. Among patients with loose femoral stems, there was no significant difference with regard to survival between patients treated with fracture fixation or revision arthroplasty (1-year survival 83% vs. 85%, 5-year survival 41% vs. 58%). Among patients whose radiographs were classified as indeterminate, there was no significant difference between patients treated with fracture fixation alone or revision arthroplasty. There was no significant difference between total reoperation rates between the two groups (11% vs. 16%).

Conclusion:
This study suggests that there is no discernible survival benefit to treating patients with periprosthetic fractures with either revision arthroplasty or fixation alone. Therefore, from a mortality perspective, when faced with Vancouver B periprosthetic fractures, the orthopaedic surgeon should feel comfortable performing the type of intervention he/she is most proficient to perform.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
MULTIMODALITY IMAGING OF TORPEDO MACULOPATHY WITH SWEPT-SOURCE, EN FACE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY AND OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY
Authors: Papastefanou Vasilios P. , Vázquez-Alfageme Clara , Keane Pearse A. , Sagoo Mandeep S. 
Published: October 2016

Purpose:
Multimodality image analysis of two cases of torpedo maculopathy.

Methods:
Imaging with fundus photography, autofluorescence (AF), swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT), en face OCT, and OCT angiography.

Results:
The basal diameter of the torpedo lesions was 1 mm × 2 mm. One case had a satellite lesion. Autofluorescence indicated variable loss of signal. Swept-source OCT and en face OCT demonstrated fundus excavation, attenuation of nuclear layers and disruption of the outer plexiform layer, loss of photoreceptors and a subretinal cleft. In one case, Sattler layer appeared extended at the cleft. Optical coherence tomography angiography indicated loss of flow in deep retinal vessels and increased flow in choroidal vessels surrounding the cleft.

Conclusion:
Multimodal imaging findings of torpedo maculopathy include disruption of the deep retinal capillary network, expansion of Sattler layer, and increased signal around the subretinal cleft.
PARACENTRAL ACUTE MIDDLE MACULOPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH RETINAL ARTERY OCCLUSION AFTER COSMETIC FILLER INJECTION
Authors: Sridhar Jayanth , Shahlaee Abtin , Shieh Wen-Shi , Rahimy Ehsan 
Published: October 2016

Purpose:
To report a single case of paracentral acute middle maculopathy in association with retinal artery occlusion in the setting of ipsilateral facial cosmetic filler injection.

Methods:
Case report.

Patient:
A 35-year-old woman presenting with sudden vision loss to finger count vision immediately after left nasal fat pad cosmetic filler injection.

Results:
Dilated funduscopic examination revealed a swollen optic disc with multiple branch arterial occlusions with visible embolic material. Fluorescein angiography confirmed multiple branch arterial occlusions in addition to a focal choroidal infarction in the macula. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography revealed middle retinal hyperreflectivity in the superotemporal macula consistent with paracentral acute middle maculopathy. En face optical coherence tomography demonstrated a superotemporal area of whitening at the level of the deep capillary plexus corresponding to the paracentral acute middle maculopathy lesion seen on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. On twelve-month follow-up, final visual acuity was 20/100 due to optic neuropathy.

Conclusion:
Emboli from cosmetic facial filler injections may rarely result in ipsilateral arterial occlusions and now have a novel association with paracentral acute middle maculopathy likely due to deep capillary plexus feeder vessel occlusion.
Short-Term and Long-Term Changes in Corneal Power Are Not Correlated With Axial Elongation of the Eye Induced by Orthokeratology in Children
Authors: Santodomingo-Rubido Jacinto , Villa-Collar César , Gilmartin Bernard , Gutiérrez-Ortega Ramón 
Published: October 2016

Purpose:To assess the relationship between short-term and long-term changes in power at different corneal locations relative to the change in central corneal power and the 2-year change in axial elongation relative to baseline in children fitted with orthokeratology contact lenses (OK).Methods:Thirty-one white European subjects 6 to 12 years of age and with myopia −0.75 to −4.00 DS and astigmatism ≤1.00 DC were fitted with OK. Differences in refractive power 3 and 24 months post-OK in comparison with baseline and relative to the change in central corneal power were determined from corneal topography data in eight different corneal regions (i.e., N[nasal]1, N2, T[temporal]1, T2, I[inferior]1, I2, S[superior]1, S2), and correlated with OK-induced axial length changes at two years relative to baseline.Results:After 2 years of OK lens wear, axial length increased by 0.48±0.18 mm (P<0.001), which corresponded to an increase of 1.94±0.74% ([2-years change in axial length/baseline axial length]×100). However, the change in axial elongation in comparison with baseline was not significantly correlated with changes in corneal power induced by OK relative to baseline for any of the corneal regions assessed (allP>0.05).Conclusion:The reduction in central corneal power and relative increase in paracentral and pericentral power induced by OK over 2 years were not significantly correlated with concurrent changes in axial length of white European children.
Prenatal Major Depressive Disorder, Placenta Glucocorticoid and Serotonergic Signaling, and Infant Cortisol Response
Authors: Stroud Laura R. , Papandonatos George D. , Parade Stephanie H. , Salisbury Amy L. , Phipps Maureen G. , Lester Barry M. , Padbury James F. , Marsit Carmen J. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Objectives
Extending prior studies of prenatal adversity and depressive symptoms, we tested associations between maternal prenatal major depressive disorder (MDD) and infant cortisol regulation. Based on prior findings by our group, we also tested placenta glucocorticoid (HSD11B2 methylation) and serotonin (SLC6A4 gene expression) signaling as moderators of links between prenatal MDD and infant cortisol.

Methods
Participants were 153 mother-infant pairs from a low-income, diverse sample (M [SD] age = 26 [6] years). Repeated structured diagnostic interviews were used to identify mothers with (a) prenatal MDD, (b) preconception-only MDD, and (c) controls. Placenta samples were assayed for HSD11B2 methylation and SLC6A4 gene expression. Infant salivary cortisol response to a neurobehavioral examination was assessed at 1 month.

Results
Daughters of prenatal MDD mothers had 51% higher baseline (ratio = 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01–2.27; p = .045) and 64% higher stress responsive cortisol (ratio = 1.64; 95% CI = 1.05–2.56; p = .03) than daughters of controls and 75% higher stress-responsive cortisol (ratio = 1.75; 95% CI = 1.04–2.94; p = .04) than daughters of preconception-only MDD mothers. HSD11B2 methylation moderated links between prenatal MDD and baseline cortisol (p = .02), with 1% methylation decreases associated with 9% increased baseline cortisol in infants of prenatal MDD mothers (ratio = 1.09; 95% CI = 1.01–1.16). SLC6A4 expression moderated links between prenatal MDD and cortisol response among boys alone (p = .007), with 10-fold increases in expression associated with threefold increases in stress-responsive cortisol (ratio = 2.87; 95% CI = 1.39–5.93) in sons of control mothers.

Conclusions
Results highlight specificity of associations between prenatal versus preconception MDD and cortisol regulation and the importance and complexity of placenta glucocorticoid and serotonergic pathways underlying the intergenerational transmission of risk from maternal adversity.
Maternal History of Childhood Abuse and Risk of Asthma and Allergy in 2-Year-Old Children
Authors: Tomfohr-Madsen Lianne M. , Bayrampour Hamideh , Tough Suzanne 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTObjectivesExposure to child abuse (CA) is associated with an increased risk of developing asthma and allergies; it is unknown if that risk is present across generations. This study investigated if 2-year-old children born to mothers with a history of CA were at an increased risk of receiving a diagnosis of asthma or allergies.MethodsData from 1,551 participants were collected as part of the All Our Babies (AOB) study, a prospective pregnancy cohort. During pregnancy, each woman provided information about her own history of CA, and at 24 months postpartum, she provided information about her child's medical diagnoses. Symptoms of maternal depression and anxiety were assessed during pregnancy and at 24 months postpartum.ResultsUnadjusted models showed that compared to children born to mothers without a history of CA, 2-year-old children born to mothers with a history of CA were more likely to have had a diagnosis of asthma (7.4% vs 4.2%,p= .016) or allergy (15.6% vs 9.2%,p< .001). Maternal symptoms of depression assessed in late pregnancy and symptoms of depression and anxiety at 24 months postpartum were significant mediators of the relationship between maternal CA and 2-year-old asthma diagnosis. Maternal symptoms of depression and anxiety assessed in late pregnancy were also significant mediators of the relationship between maternal CA and 2-year-old allergy diagnosis.ConclusionsThe results indicate that maternal exposure to CA is associated with increased risk of asthma and allergy in their 2-year-old children; symptoms of maternal depression and anxiety were identified as pathways linking the variables.
Climate change promotes hybridisation between deeply divergent species
Authors: Canestrelli Daniele , Bisconti Roberta , Chiocchio Andrea , Maiorano Luigi , Zampiglia Mauro , Nascetti Giuseppe 
Published: October 2016

AbstractRare hybridisations between deeply divergent animal species have been reported for decades in a wide range of taxa, but have often remained unexplained, mainly considered chance events and reported as anecdotal. Here, we combine field observations with long-term data concerning natural hybridizations, climate, land-use, and field-validated species distribution models for two deeply divergent and naturally sympatric toad species in Europe(Bufo bufoandBufotes viridisspecies groups). We show that climate warming and seasonal extreme temperatures are conspiring to set the scene for these maladaptive hybridisations, by differentially affecting life-history traits of both species. Our results identify and provide evidence of an ultimate cause for such events, and reveal that the potential influence of climate change on interspecific hybridisations goes far beyond closely related species. Furthermore, climate projections suggest that the chances for these events will steadily increase in the near future.
SimTracker tool and code template to design, manage and analyze neural network model simulations in parallel NEURON
Authors: Bezaire Marianne J. , Raikov Ivan , Burk kelly , Armstrong Caren , Soltesz Ivan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAdvances in technical computing enable larger and more detailed neural models that can incorporate ever more of the rapidly expanding body of quantitative neuroscience data. In principle, such complex network models that are strongly constrained by experimental data could direct experimental research and provide novel insights into experimental observations. However, as network models grow in complexity and scale, the necessary tasks of development and organization become unwieldy. Further, the models risk becoming inaccessible to experimentalists and other modelers, and their results may then be seen as less relevant to experimental work. To address these obstacles, we developed a tool for managing simulations called SimTracker. It supports users at each step of the modeling process, including execution of large scale parallel models on supercomputers. SimTracker is suitable for users with a range of modeling experience. SimTracker can be a valuable modeling resource that promotes iterative progress between experiment and model.
De-novoemergence and template switching of SINE retroposons during the early evolution of passerine birds
Authors: Suh Alexander , Bachg Sandra , Donnellan Stephen , Joseph Leo , Brosius Jürgen , Kriegs Jan Ole , Schmitz Jürgen 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPasseriformes (“perching birds” or passerines) make up more than half of all extant bird species. Here, we resolve their deep phylogenetic relationships using presence/absence patterns of short interspersed elements (SINEs), a group of retroposons which is abundant in mammalian genomes but considered largely inactive in avian genomes. The resultant retroposon-based phylogeny provides a powerful and independent corroboration of previous indications derived from sequence-based analyses. Notably, SINE activity began in the common ancestor of Eupasseres (passerines excl. the New Zealand wrens Acanthisittidae) and ceased before the rapid diversification of oscine passerines (songbirds). Furthermore, we find evidence for very recent SINE activity within suboscine passerines, following the emergence of a SINE via acquisition of a different tRNA head as we suggest through template switching. We propose that the early evolution of passerines was unusual among birds in that it was accompanied by activity of SINEs. Their genomic and transcriptomic impact warrants further study in the light of the massive diversification of passerines.
Pif1-family helicases cooperate to suppress widespread replication fork arrest at tRNA genes
Authors: Osmundson Joseph S. , Kumar Jayashree , Yeung Rani , Smith Duncan J. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTSaccharomyces cerevisiaeencodes two distinct Pif1-family helicases – Pif1 and Rrm3 – which have been reported to play distinct roles in numerous nuclear processes. Here, we systematically characterize the roles of Pif1 helicases in replisome progression and lagging-strand synthesis inS. cerevisiae. We demonstrate that either Pif1 or Rrm3 redundantly stimulate strand-displacement by DNA polymerase δ during lagging-strand synthesis. By analyzing replisome mobility inpif1andrrm3mutants, we show that Rrm3, with a partially redundant contribution from Pif1, suppresses widespread terminal arrest of the replisome at tRNA genes. Although both head-on and codirectional collisions induce replication fork arrest at tRNA genes, head-on collisions arrest a higher proportion of replisomes; consistent with this observation, we find that head-on collisions between tRNA transcription and replisome progression are under-represented in theS. cerevisiaegenome. Further, we demonstrate that tRNA-mediated arrest is R-loop independent, and propose that replisome arrest and DNA damage are mechanistically separable.
Emerging countries’ country-specific advantages (CSAs) and competitiveness of emerging market multinational enterprises (EMNEs)
Authors: Gugler Philippe 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
A significant stream of literature focuses on host countries’ locations when explaining why firms internalize some of their activities in specific countries. At first glance, home location schemes and specificities seem to have attracted less attention in the scientific community. The purpose of this contribution is to provide a literature review linked to the specific issue of emerging countries’ country-specific advantages and the competitiveness of emerging market multinational enterprises.

Design/methodology/approach
The approach is to present the main theoretical developments related to the role of home countries in the internationalization process of domestic firms in general and as far as the home context of emerging countries is concerned.

Findings
A rigorous analysis of the literature shows that theoretical developments and empirical studies on international business do refer explicitly or at least implicitly to the role of home countries in the international expansion of firms.

Originality/value
The value of this review is to develop the main streams of the literature and to serve as a basis for the other contributions published in this area.
The competitiveness of emerging country multinational enterprise
Authors: Buckley Peter J. 
Published: October 2016

PurposeThis paper aims to conduct a theoretical enquiry into the questions as to whether emerging country multinationals’ competitiveness derives from country-specific advantage (CSA) or firm-specific advantages (FSA). The case of China is also examined.Design/methodology/approachCSAs and FSAs are examined both in theory and in the specific case of China as explicators of outward foreign direct investment from emerging countries.FindingsFSAs and CSAs are found to be imprecise explanatory mechanisms to explain the competitiveness of emerging country multinationals. The examination of imperfections in emerging markets and in global markets and the internalisation responses of firms in different contexts is found to be a superior explanation of the financial flows classified as “outward direct investment”.Originality/valueInternalisation theory requires a focus on mechanisms to convert home country attributes into competitive advantages and suggests that FSAs are context dependent, ephemeral and subject to negation by the competitive actions of rival firms.
How does a foreign subsidiary’s differentiation strategy fit competitive dynamics and mandate?
Authors: Pehrsson Anders 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
Drawing on the contingency perspective of strategy, the purpose of this paper is to extend current understanding of fit between a differentiation strategy of the industrial firm’s foreign subsidiary and key contextual boundaries.

Design/methodology/approach
A conceptual framework is developed in which a differentiation strategy involves the complementary approaches of innovativeness and customer responsiveness. The key boundaries consist of local competitive dynamics and the value-adding mandate assigned to the subsidiary. Detailed features of four types of differentiation strategies are identified by analysing strategies applied by subsidiaries of industrial firms operating on the US market.

Findings
Four propositions are developed regarding alignment between strategy types and the boundaries. Relationships are proposed regarding a strategy type and a context specified by rivalry/relational competitive dynamics, and a broad/narrow value-adding mandate.

Research limitations/implications
The conceptual framework and the propositions may be tested by analysing statistical data on industrial firms’ subsidiaries operating in several host countries.

Practical implications
To increase a foreign subsidiary’s contribution to the global competitiveness of an industrial firm, an awareness of the boundaries to the subsidiary’s strategy of differentiation that may hamper the subsidiary’s performance is essential.

Originality/value
The conceptual framework, and the propositions, contributes to literature on the industrial firm’s global strategy because it focuses on subsidiary strategy and extends present understanding of the mechanisms that drive the effectiveness of a foreign subsidiary’s differentiation strategy.