bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A requirement and challenge of joke-ability in humor researcher
Authors: Kmita Maria , Mawhinney Lynnette 
Published: January 2016

Purpose– With particular reference to qualitative humor research, this paper aims to look at fieldwork from a new angle. The purpose of this paper is to address humor research foci by completing a fusion autoethnographic analysis of how lead author used humor to interact with the participants. This analysis outlines the two examples of joke-ability; specifically self-deprecating humor and more generally attempts to blend in.Design/methodology/approach– This paper draws on fusion autoethnography where Author 2 actively worked to help Author 1 push deeper into her use of humor and its historical context within her life. This created a dialogue to deepen the self-analysis on Author 1’s humor methodology.Findings– The use of humor, by humor researchers, may be of particular importance if the researched groups, society, or nation values humor in both formal and informal contexts. Researcher’s humor can be a spontaneous and dynamic way of learning and engaging with the researched environment.Originality/value– This paper aims to be a starting point for the discussion about the understudied issues of place and role of the use of humor by a humor researcher, and the challenges of conducting humor research within an educational context. The innovative fusion autoethnographic analysis helps to reflect upon researcher’s role and behavior. The study contributes to humor research methodology by exploring the effects of researcher’s use of humor on both the researcher-participant relationship and the data.
Characterizing the conductivity of ICA joints by the mean intercept length of Ag flakes
Authors: Illés Balázs , Krammer Olivér , Géczy Attila , Garami Tamás 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to present a novel and alternative method for the characterization of isotropic conductive adhesive (ICA) joints’ conductivity by the calculation of the mean intercept length of conductive flakes in the cured joint. ICAs are widely used in the field of hybrid electronics or special printed circuit board applications, such as temperature sensitive or flexible circuits. The main quality parameters of the ICA joints are the conductivity and the mechanical strength.

Design/methodology/approach
– For the experiments, one-component Ag-filled thermoset ICA paste was used on FR4 printed circuit test board to join zero-ohm resistors. Six different curing temperatures were applied: 120, 150, 175, 210, 230 and 250°C. The conductivity of the joints was measured in situ during the curing process. Micrographs were taken from the cross-sectioned joints, and the mean intercept length was calculated on them after image processing steps.

Findings
– Results of the measured conductivity and the mean intercept length were compared, and acceptable correlation was found for what can be used for characterizing the conductibility of ICA joints.

Research limitations/implications
– Investigating and characterizing the conductivity of ICA joints by an image processing method.

Originality/value
– The main advantage of this method compared to the electrical measurements is that the conductivity characterization is possible on any kind of component. Therefore, this method can be used in any appliances not only in test circuits.
Mechanical properties of SMD interconnections on flexible and rigid substrates
Authors: Nowak Damian , Dziedzic Andrzej , Żaluk Zbigniew , Roguszczak Henryk , Węglarski Mariusz 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
– The paper aims to investigate on the mechanical properties of surface-mount device (SMD) interconnections made on flexible and rigid substrates.

Design/methodology/approach
– The durability of joints to shear strength was measured with tensile machine. Investigations were carried out for 0402- and 0603-sized ceramic passives and integrated circuits in SOIC-8, TSSOP-8, XSON3 and XSON6 packages. Three types of flexible substrates (Kapton, Mylar and Pyralux) and two types of rigid substrates (LTCC and alumina) were used. SMD components were mounted with SAC solder or electrically conductive adhesive. Contact pads were made of Ag-based polymer paste on flexible substrates and PdAg-based cermet paste on ceramics. The shear strength was measured for as-made and long-term thermally aged test structures. The average durability and standard deviation were compared for different combination of materials. Moreover, mechanical properties of interconnections made of polymer thick-film pastes or electrically/thermally conductive adhesives between ceramic chips and flexible/ceramic substrates were investigated.

Findings
– The mechanical properties of joints strongly depend on configuration of applied materials. Some of them exhibit high durability to shear strength, while other should not be recommended due to very weak connections. Additionally, long-term thermal ageing showed that exploitation of such connections at elevated temperature in some cases might increase their strength. However, for some materials, it leads to accelerated degradation of joints.

Originality/value
– This paper provides practical information about SMD interconnections made with standard materials (lead-free solder, electrically/thermally conductive adhesives) and proposed non-standard procedures, e.g. assembling of ceramic chips with low temperature cermet or polymer thick-film conductive pastes.
Mechanical reliability of solder joints in PCBs assembled in surface mount technology
Authors: Borecki Janusz , Serzysko Tomasz 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to determine the dependence of mechanical strength of solder joints on printed circuit boards from the soldering process parameters and operating conditions of the electronic device.

Design/methodology/approach
– The research was performed using the Taguchi method of planning of experiments. Evaluation of the quality of solder joints was made on the basis of microscopic observations, X-ray analysis and measurements of shear force of solder joints.

Findings
– The carried out research has shown the influence of the individual parameters of the soldering process on the mechanical strength of solder joints and the mechanism of damage of solder joints under the influence of shear force.

Originality/value
– The authors present results of their research using advanced techniques of experimental design and analysis of results. In this study, original approach was used to simulate the operational conditions of electronic devices including thermal imaging technology.
A conflict management tool for conservation agencies
Authors: Young Juliette Claire , Thompson Des B. A. , Moore Peter , MacGugan Alastair , Watt Allan , Redpath Stephen Mark 
Published: January 2016

Summary

Growing pressure on natural resources is leading to more conservation conflicts. Governments and their statutory agencies devote increasing financial and human resources to this subject, but tend to adopt reactive, ad hoc approaches to management.

We combined theory and empirical data about five conservation conflicts in a transdisciplinary collaboration to co‐develop a novel decision‐making tool.

This tool uses a systematic stepwise approach with six distinct decision stages: (i) establishing whether there is a conflict or an impact; (ii) understanding the context of the conflict, including the stakeholders affected; (iii) developing shared understanding of the conflict and goals; (iv) building a consensus on how to reach the goals; (v) implementing measures; and (vi) monitoring the outcomes.

Policy implications. We argue this new tool has wide applicability and democratic legitimacy and offers an exciting and practical approach to improve the management of conservation conflicts.
Decline in sperm count and motility in young adult men from 2003 to 2013: observations from a U.S. sperm bank
Authors: Centola G. M. , Blanchard A. , Demick J. , Li S. , Eisenberg M. L. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryControversy exists regarding stability of semen quality over time with papers reporting decrease, increase or stable parameters in heterogeneous populations. The current study examined semen parameters of young adult men from 2003 to 2013 at an urban U.S. sperm bank. Semen parameters were analyzed before and after cryopreservation for a total of 9425 specimens from 489 individuals. Demographic information was obtained from a social and medical history questionnaire. Following 2–3 days abstinence, the specimens were collected at the laboratory and assessed by uniform technicians and techniques. The data were analyzed using generalized linear regression after adjustment for age, days of abstinence, for repeated samples, as well as by the Cochran–Armitage trend test. The within variability was accounted for by the repeated measures model. All p values were two‐sided with p < 0.05 considered significant. There was a significant decline in sperm concentration (−3.55, 95% CI −4.87, −2.23; p < 0.001), total motility (−1.23, 95% CI −1.65, −0.82; p < 0.001), total count (−10.75, 95% CI −15.95, −5.54; p < 0.001) and total motile count (−9.43, 95% CI −13.14, −5.73; p < 0.001). There was no significant change in semen volume (0.03, 95% CI −0.02, 0.09; p = 0.2). The post‐thaw total motility significantly (−2.30, 95% CI −2.72, −1.87; p < 0.001) decreased with time. Importantly, demographic and lifestyle factors were stable or improved over the study period. There was a decline in age (ptrend = 0.003) and alcohol use (ptrend = 0.005) and an increase in college GPA (Grade Point Average) (ptrend = 0.02). BMI (ptrend = 0.73), educational attainment (ptrend = 0.2), race/ethnicity (ptrend = 0.53), and lifestyle habits (weekly exercise, ptrend = 0.21; smoking, ptrend = 0.99; marital status, ptrend = 0.85) remained constant. Uniform technicians and techniques over the study period make measurement bias unlikely. This report demonstrates a decline in semen quality among young adult men in the Boston area who were attending or completed a college education during the past 10 years, and requires further study.
Muscle force loss and soreness subsequent to maximal eccentric contractions depend on the amount of fascicle strain in vivo
Authors: Guilhem G. , Doguet V. , Hauraix H. , Lacourpaille L. , Jubeau M. , Nordez A. , Dorel S. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimDefining the origins of muscle injury has important rehabilitation and exercise applications. However, current knowledge of muscle damage mechanics in human remains unclear in vivo. This study aimed to determine the relationships between muscle–tendon unit mechanics during maximal eccentric contractions and the extent of subsequent functional impairments induced by muscle damage.MethodsThe length of the muscle–tendon unit, fascicles and tendinous tissues was continuously measured on the gastrocnemius medialis using ultrasonography, in time with torque, during 10 sets of 30 maximal eccentric contractions of plantar flexors at 45°s−1, in seventeen participants.ResultsMuscle–tendon unit, fascicles and tendinous tissues were stretched up to 4.44 ± 0.33 cm, 2.31 ± 0.64 cm and 1.92 ± 0.61 cm respectively. Fascicle stretch length, lengthening amplitude and negative fascicle work beyond slack length were significantly correlated with the force decrease 48 h post‐exercise (r = 0.51, 0.47 and 0.68, respectively; P < 0.05).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that the strain applied to human muscle fibres during eccentric contractions strongly influences the magnitude of muscle damage in vivo. Achilles tendon compliance decreases the amount of strain, while architectural gear ratio may moderately contribute to attenuating muscle fascicle lengthening and hence muscle damage. Further studies are necessary to explore the impact of various types of task to fully understand the contribution of muscle–tendon interactions during active lengthening to muscle damage.
A guide to phylogenetic metrics for conservation, community ecology and macroecology
Authors: Tucker Caroline M. , Cadotte Marc W. , Carvalho Silvia B. , Davies T. Jonathan , Ferrier Simon , Fritz Susanne A. , Grenyer Rich , Helmus Matthew R. , Jin Lanna S. , Mooers Arne O. , Pavoine Sandrine , Purschke Oliver , Redding David W. , Rosauer Dan F. , Winter Marten , Mazel Florent 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTThe use of phylogenies in ecology is increasingly common and has broadened our understanding of biological diversity. Ecological sub‐disciplines, particularly conservation, community ecology and macroecology, all recognize the value of evolutionary relationships but the resulting development of phylogenetic approaches has led to a proliferation of phylogenetic diversity metrics. The use of many metrics across the sub‐disciplines hampers potential meta‐analyses, syntheses, and generalizations of existing results. Further, there is no guide for selecting the appropriate metric for a given question, and different metrics are frequently used to address similar questions. To improve the choice, application, and interpretation of phylo‐diversity metrics, we organize existing metrics by expanding on a unifying framework for phylogenetic information.Generally, questions about phylogenetic relationships within or between assemblages tend to ask three types of question: how much; how different; or how regular? We show that these questions reflect three dimensions of a phylogenetic tree: richness, divergence, and regularity. We classify 70 existing phylo‐diversity metrics based on their mathematical form within these three dimensions and identify ‘anchor’ representatives: for α‐diversity metrics these arePD(Faith's phylogenetic diversity),MPD(mean pairwise distance), andVPD(variation of pairwise distances). By analysing mathematical formulae and using simulations, we use this framework to identify metrics that mix dimensions, and we provide a guide to choosing and using the most appropriate metrics. We show that metric choice requires connecting the research question with the correct dimension of the framework and that there are logical approaches to selecting and interpreting metrics. The guide outlined herein will help researchers navigate the current jungle of indices.
On the Beach: The Changing Meaning of theBulgarian Coast after 1989
Authors: HOLLERAN MAX 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis article examines the physical changes and the shifting symbolic meaning of theBlackSea Coast inBulgaria after 1989. It explores three stages of development: the coast as a place of refuge and intimacy in the last years of socialism, how new touristic development embodied economic aspirations from 1997 until 2008, and recent years in which over‐building and corruption have become a mark of national embarrassment and anxiety. Beachfront development after socialism was meant to both rejuvenate the flagging national economy and to use improved spaces of tourism to make a visual representation of a “new”Bulgaria. However, for coastal residents, prosperity was not forthcoming and financial stagnation, environmental destruction, and the new aesthetics of the beachfront reoriented their view of the coast. This article explores how changes in the natural landscape became emotionally resonant ways for residents to discuss the aspirations and disenchantments of post‐socialism. It argues that the increasingly‐urbanized beachfront has quickly shifted from a symbol of the post‐socialist good life to a manifestation of the failure of contemporaryBulgarian society to protect even the most basic collective goods.
If Anyone Hears This: Confronting Discourses of Immigration in South Mississippi
Authors: HAYDEN BRIDGET 
Published: January 2016

AbstractLatino immigrants are subject to circulating discourses that produce processes of inclusion and exclusion, and inform expectations of future encounters with local native populations. However, they rarely have an opportunity to answer back. This paper draws on two projects in which immigrants were invited to use photography and writing to document the messages they would like to send to native‐born Mississippians to examine how they mobilize discourses of inclusion and exclusion as they deal with “stranger fetishism” (Ahmed 2000), the notion that immigrants are recognized, but are cast as individuals who do not belong. Immigrant messages show that they at once contest and draw on hegemonic discourses of race and US national identity in their efforts to lay claim to legitimate spaces of belonging. [immigration, discourse, stranger fetishism, representation, Mississippi]
Loculated pneumothorax due to a rare combination resulting in an interesting chest radiograph
Authors: Isaac Barney Thomas Jesudason , Samuel Johnson Thamarathu , Mukherjee Dipak K. , Pittman Marcus 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA 35 years old man presented with acute onset left sided pleuritic chest pain and shortness of breath. On evaluation, he was found to have an interesting chest radiograph which showed a loculated pneumothorax with collapse of the left upper lobe and lingula but fully expanded left lower lobe. He is a known asthmatic who had allergic broncho pulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) previously with left upper lobe and lingular collapse secondary to mucous plugging. This resolved on treatment with steroids and itraconazole. An interesting combination of events is proposed to explain the current presentation. CT scan chest and blood tests confirmed this sequence of events. He was appropriately treated resulting in complete clinical and radiological recovery. The events leading to the presentation and the likely physiological background for this interesting chest radiograph are discussed.
Identification of a Th2‐ and Th17‐skewed immune phenotype in chronic urticaria with Th22 reduction dependent on autoimmunity and thyroid disease markers
Authors: Moy Andrea P. , Murali Mandakolathur , Nazarian Rosalynn M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundChronic urticaria is a condition with many inciting factors and often presents a therapeutic challenge to clinicians. In addition to a central role for mast cells, an immune dysregulated state related to cytokine/chemokine alterations is increasingly being recognized.MethodsBiopsies of chronic urticaria (n = 11) and normal skin (n = 5) were evaluated with immunostains for CD117, CD3 and dual stains for CD4/T‐bet, GATA‐3, STAT‐3 or BNC‐2 (transcription factors specific and mutually exclusive for Th1, Th2, Th17 and Th22 cells, respectively). Clinical data, including autoantibodies and thyroid function tests, and the number of CD117+ mast cells and percent of Th1, Th2, Th17 and Th22 of CD3+ T‐cells were compared.ResultsTh2 cells and Th17 cells were significantly more frequent in chronic urticaria than controls. In contrast, there was no significant difference in mast cells, Th1 cells or Th22 cells. Three of nine chronic urticaria patients had evidence of autoimmune disease; biopsies from these patients trended toward a greater number of mast cells and decreased percent of Th‐cell subtypes as compared with those without autoimmunity markers, with significantly less Th22 cells.ConclusionsThese findings provide novel insight into the role of Th2 and Th17 in chronic urticaria pathophysiology and may impact therapy.
How the innate immune system trains immunity: lessons from studying atopic dermatitis and cutaneous bacteria
Authors: Skabytska Yuliya , Kaesler Susanne , Volz Thomas , Biedermann Tilo 
Published: January 2016

SummaryThe skin is the largest organ at the interface between environment and host. It plays a major protective role against pathogens as physical barrier, as site of first recognition, and as orchestrator of consecutive immune responses. In this process, immunological crosstalk between skin‐resident and immune cells is required, and fixed innate immune responses were previously believed to orchestrate adaptive immunity of B and T lymphocytes. Today, we understand that diverse qualities of immune responses to different microbes need to be regulated by also varying responses at the level of first microbe recognition through receptors of the innate immune system. Only fine‐tuning of the innate immune system allows for the orchestration of immune responses to the microbiota in the absence of inflammation as well as to pathogens in the context of protective responses including inflammation. Understanding how innate immunity precisely adapts is also important for diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD) with chronic inflammation. In this review, we present data on how the innate immune system actually fine‐tunes its responses with special focus on the immunological consequences of cutaneous innate immune sensing through TLR2. These new insights are highly relevant for understanding microbiota‐associated state of health, immune defense, and the pathogenesis underlying chronic cutaneous inflammation as seen in AD.
Factors associated with timing of early neurological improvement after thrombolysis for ischaemic stroke
Authors: Guettier S. , Cogez J. , Bonnet A.‐L. , Dean P. , Apoil M. , Tchoumi T. , Dubuc L. , Arzur J. , de la Sayette V. , Kouassi L.‐K. , Viader F. , Touzé E. 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundEarly neurological improvement (ENI) after fibrinolysis for ischaemic stroke is strongly associated with recanalization and favourable outcome. However, it remains unknown why some patients recover within the first hour after treatment (very ENI, VENI) whereas others recover later within 24 h.AimThe factors associated with the timing of ENI were assessed.MethodsConsecutive stroke patients treated with intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt‐PA) within 4.5 h after onset in four stroke centres of our geographical area were retrospectively studied. VENI assessed at 1 h and ENI assessed at 24 h post‐treatment were defined by National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) improvement by 40% from baseline.ResultsOf 421 patients, 65 (15%) had VENI and 110 (26%) had ENI. Patients with VENI had significantly lower serum creatinine level than patients with ENI (79 ± 19 vs. 91 ± 35 μmol/l; P = 0.01). After adjustment for age, sex, baseline NIHSS, hypertension and blood glucose level, patients with low serum creatinine level were more likely to have VENI (lowest tertile, odds ratio 3.8, 95% confidence interval 1.5–9.7; intermediate tertile, odds ratio 1.8, 95% confidence interval 0.8–4.3; P for trend <0.01). VENI patients were as likely as ENI patients to have a modified Rankin scale score ≤2 at 3 months.ConclusionsLow serum creatinine levels are associated with VENI, suggesting that swiftness of the efficacy of rt‐PA or of neurological recovery may depend on renal function.