bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Risk of Adverse Events in Patients With Acute Kidney Injury After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Valle Javier A. , McCoy Lisa A. , Maddox Thomas M. , Rumsfeld John S. , Ho P. Michael , Casserly Ivan P. , Nallamothu Brahmajee K. , Roe Matthew T. , Tsai Thomas T. , Messenger John C. 
Published: April 2017

Background—
Acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a common complication after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and is associated with adverse in-hospital patient outcomes. The incidence of adverse events after hospital discharge in patients having post-PCI AKI is poorly defined, and the relationship between AKI and outcomes after hospital discharge remains understudied.

Methods and Results—
Using the National Cardiovascular Data Registry CathPCI registry, we assessed the incidence of AKI among Medicare beneficiaries after PCI from 2004 to 2009 and subsequent post-discharge adverse events at 1 year. AKI was defined using Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) criteria. Adverse events included death, myocardial infarction, bleeding, and recurrent kidney injury. Using Cox methods, we determined the relationship between in-hospital AKI and risk of post-discharge adverse events by AKIN stage. In a cohort of 453 475 elderly patients undergoing PCI, 39 850 developed AKI (8.8% overall; AKIN stage 1, 85.8%; AKIN 2/3, 14.2%). Compared with no AKI, in-hospital AKI was associated with higher post-discharge hazard of death, myocardial infarction, or bleeding (AKIN 1: hazard ratio [HR], 1.53; confidence interval [CI], 1.49–1.56 and AKIN 2/3: HR, 2.13; CI, 2.01–2.26), recurrent AKI (AKIN 1: HR, 1.70; CI, 1.64–1.76; AKIN 2/3: HR, 2.22; CI, 2.04–2.41), and AKI requiring dialysis (AKIN 1: HR, 2.59; CI, 2.29–2.92; AKIN 2/3: HR, 4.73; CI, 3.73–5.99). For each outcome, the highest incidence was within 30 days.

Conclusions—
Post-PCI AKI is associated with increased risk of death, myocardial infarction, bleeding, and recurrent renal injury after discharge. Post-PCI AKI should be recognized as a significant risk factor not only for in-hospital adverse events but also after hospital discharge.
Algerian Nationalism: From the Origins to Algerian War of Independence
Authors: Fois Marisa 
Published: April 2017

Arab nationalism is not a monolithic construct. In the case of Algeria, the nationalist period undoubtedly played a significant role in determining the nature of its nationalist movement, its foundational principles and the nature of the future independent country. It was during the nationalist period that disputes regarding the colonial order, autonomy versus independence and the definition of Algerian identity emerged.The anti-colonial revolution occurred after a long period of gestation, the result of a combination of people’s spontaneous initiative, the action of forces fed by new or existing ideas and the influence of the international context.This article provides an overview of Algerian nationalism—including both Arab and Berber nationalisms—from the 1920s to the 1950s, identifying parties, leaders and currents of thought.
Rethinking Gender in Arab Nationalism: Women and the Politics of Modernity in the Making of Nation-States. Cases from Egypt, Tunisia and Algeria
Authors: Pepicelli Renata 
Published: April 2017

In the latexixcentury and the beginning of thexxcentury, Arab nationalism identified women as the “bearers of the nation”, the symbolic repository of group identity. Nationalists, both modernists and conservatives, shaped the image of the nation around an idealized image of the woman, functional in different political projects. If the latter exalted women’s domestic roles as part of the defense of the Islamic cultural authenticity, the former criticized women’s seclusion and promoted their inclusion in the public sphere as an essential part of the making of the modern nation. The woman unveiled became a symbol of modernity and progress. In nationalist projects, politics of modernity intersected deeply with the gender issue.This article analyzes, from a gender perspective, modernist discourses on the nation and women, and studies the way in which women were involved in such debates. It underlines, on one hand, how women participated in anti-colonial struggles and on the other, their challenge, resistance and renegotiation of men’s nationalist projects. Through poems, tales, novels, short stories, memoirs, essays, journalistic articles, speeches educated women from the upper and middle classes shaped their nationalist and feminist agenda, in continuity and in contrast to the men’s. To combat national forms of patriarchal domination, firstly, under colonial rule, and, subsequently, under the independent state, some of them established feminist organizations. During colonization, women’s struggles were characterized by both nationalist and feminist goals, but having achieved independence, women had to fight to obtain their rights as citizens in the new nation-states. Post-independent governments marginalized women and/or co-opted their claims in what is called “state feminism”. Focusing on three countries, Egypt, Tunisia and Algeria, this essay highlights differences and similarities in nationalist discourses and projects in the Arab world.
A Closure for Internal Wave–Mean Flow Interaction. Part I: Energy Conversion
Authors: Olbers Dirk , Eden Carsten 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWhen internal (inertia-)gravity waves propagate in a vertically sheared geostrophic (eddying or mean) flow, they exchange energy with the flow. A novel concept parameterizing internal wave–mean flow interaction in ocean circulation models is demonstrated, based on the description of the entire wave field by the wave-energy density in physical and wavenumber space and its prognostic computation by the radiative transfer equation. The concept enables a simplification of the radiative transfer equation with a small number of reasonable assumptions and a derivation of simple but consistent parameterizations in terms of spectrally integrated energy compartments that are used as prognostic model variables. The effect of the waves on the mean flow in this paradigm is in accordance with the nonacceleration theorem: only in the presence of dissipation do waves globally exchange energy with the mean flow in the time mean. The exchange can have either direction. These basic features of wave–mean flow interaction are theoretically derived in a Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) approximation of the wave dynamics and confirmed in a suite of numerical experiments with unidirectional shear flow.
Metastatic internal mammary lymph nodes or mimickers on parasternal ultrasonography: focusing on their distribution and depth
Authors: Jeong Chae Jin , Bae Jung Min , Park So Yoon , Han Boo-Kyung , Ko Eun Sook , Ko Eun Young 
Published: April 2017

Background Ultrasonography (US) is an important tool to evaluate the status of internal mammary lymph node (IMN). US features of metastatic IMNs could help determine when biopsy should be performed. Purpose To compare US features of metastatic IMNs to those of benign entities. Material and Methods In women with suspected IMN metastasis on US, their intercostal space (ICS) abnormalities were classified into metastatic IMN, benign IMN, and lymph node (LN) mimickers. US features, distribution, and depth of abnormalities in one ICS and involved ICS level were analyzed. Results Among 66 ICS abnormalities in 53 women, 46 were metastatic IMNs, ten were benign IMNs, and ten were LN mimickers. For metastatic IMNs, the second ICS was the most commonly involved ICS (n = 22), followed by the first (n = 13), the third (n = 8), and the fourth (n = 3). ICS level distribution of metastatic IMNs was not significantly ( P = 0.5407) different from that of non-metastatic lesions. Metastatic IMNs were predominantly seen in the posterior layer of ICS, significantly ( P < 0.0001) different from LN mimickers. Both metastatic IMNs and non-metastatic lesions were evenly distributed over the upper, middle, and lower part (in craniocaudal direction) of one ICS. Conclusion Metastatic IMNs are more likely to be found in the posterior layer of ICS. This can help distinguish them from LN mimickers. Any part (upper, middle, or lower) of one ICS in craniocaudal direction could be involved. The second ICS was the most commonly involved level.
Structured Expert Consensus on Actinic Keratosis: Treatment Algorithm Focusing on Daylight PDT
Authors: Calzavara-Pinton Piergiacomo , Hædersdal Merete , Barber Kirk , Basset-Seguin Nicole , Del Pino Flores María Emilia , Foley Peter , Galimberti Gaston , Gerritsen Rianne , Gilaberte Yolanda , Ibbotson Sally , Peris Ketty , Sapra Sheetal , Sotiriou Elena , Torezan Luis , Ulrich Claas , Guillemot Jonathan , Hendrich Janek , Szeimies Rolf-Markus 
Published: April 2017

Background:A practical and up-to-date consensus among experts is paramount to further improve patient care in actinic keratosis (AK).Objectives:To develop a structured consensus statement on the diagnosis, classification, and practical management of AK based on up-to-date information.Methods:A systematic review of AK clinical guidelines was conducted. This informed the preparation of a 3-round Delphi procedure followed by a consensus meeting, which combined the opinions of 16 clinical experts from 13 countries, to construct a structured consensus statement and a treatment algorithm positioning daylight photodynamic therapy (dl-PDT) among other AK treatment options.Results:The systematic review found deficiencies in current guidelines with respect to new AK treatments such as ingenol mebutate and dl-PDT. The Delphi panel established consensus statements across definition, diagnosis, classification, and management of AK. While the diagnosis of AK essentially rests on the nature of lesions, treatment decisions are based on several clinical and nonclinical patient factors and diverse environmental attributes. Participants agreed on ranked treatment preferences for the management of AK and on classifying AK in 3 clinical situations: isolated AK lesions requiring lesion-directed treatment, multiple lesions within a small field, and multiple lesions within a large field, both requiring specific treatment approaches. Different AK treatment options were discussed for each clinical situation.Conclusions:The results provide practical recommendations for the treatment of AK, which are readily transferable to clinical practice, and incorporate the physician’s clinical judgement. The structured consensus statement positioned dl-PDT as a valuable option for patients with multiple AKs in small or large fields.
Opportunities for Engaging Patients in Kidney Research
Authors: Demian Maryam N. , Lam Ngan N. , Mac-Way Fabrice , Sapir-Pichhadze Ruth , Fernandez Nicolas 
Published: April 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this review is to provide a summary of the rationale for engaging patients in research as well as to review the established and envisioned advantages and strategies for patient-researcher partnerships. The authors of this article, which include a patient and 4 researchers in kidney disease, discuss the expected benefits and opportunities for patient engagement in their respective research programs. The 4 research programs span the spectrum of kidney disease and focus on enhancing bone health, increasing living donor kidney transplants, improving medication adherence, and preventing kidney transplant rejection. Sources of Information: The sources of information for this review include published studies on the topics of patient engagement and the 4 research programs of the new investigators. Key Findings: (1) Patient, health care provider, and researcher partnerships can contribute useful insights capable of enhancing research in kidney disease. (2) Regardless of the research program, there are various strategies and opportunities for engagement of patients with lived experience across the various stages of research in kidney disease. (3) Envisioned advantages of patient-researcher partnerships include: targeting patient-identified research priorities, integrating patients’ experiential knowledge, improving study design and feasibility through patient-researcher input, facilitating dissemination of research findings to other patients, effectively responding to patient concerns about studies, and inspiring researchers to conduct their research. Limitations: The limitations of the current review include the relative scarcity of literature on patient engagement within the field of kidney disease. Implications: The findings of the current review suggest that it will be important for future studies to identify optimal strategies for patient engagement in setting research priorities, study design, participant recruitment, execution of research projects, and knowledge dissemination and translation.
Online Training in Mind-Body Therapies: Different Doses, Long-term Outcomes
Authors: Kemper Kathi J. , Rao Nisha , Gascon Gregg , Mahan John D. 
Published: April 2017

Background. There is a high rate of burnout among health professionals, driving diverse attempts to promote resilience and well-being to counter this trend. The purpose of this project was to assess the dose-response relationship between the number of hours of online mind-body skills training for health professionals and relevant outcomes a year later. Methods. Among 1438 registrants for online training (including up to 12 hours of training on mind-body practices) between December 2013 and November 2015, we analyzed responses from the first 10% who responded to an anonymous online survey between December 1, 2015 and February 1, 2016. Questions included the type and frequency of mind-body practice in the past 30 days and whether the online training had any impact on personal life or professional practice. Standardized measures were used to assess stress, mindfulness, confidence in providing compassionate care, and burnout. Results. The 149 respondents represented a variety of ages and health professions; 55% completed one or more mind-body training modules an average of 14 months previously. Most (78%) engaged in one or more mind-body practices in the 30 days before the survey; 79% reported changes in self-care and 71% reported changes in the care of others as a result of participating. Increasing number of hours of training were significantly associated with practicing mind-body skills more frequently; increasing practice frequency was associated with less stress and burnout, which were associated with missing less work. Greater practice frequency was also associated with improvements in stress, mindfulness, and resilience, which were associated with increased confidence in providing compassionate care. Conclusion. Online training in mind-body therapies is associated with changes in self-reported behavior one year later; increasing doses of training are associated with more frequent practice which is associated with less stress, burnout, and missing work, and higher levels of mindfulness, resilience, and confidence in providing compassionate care. Additional studies are needed to compare mind-body skills training with other interventions designed to improve resilience and compassion while decreasing burnout in health professionals.
Development and Validation of the iDI: A Short Self-Rating Disability Instrument for Low Back Pain Disorders
Authors: Rolli Salathé Cornelia , Elfering Achim , Tuschel Alexander , Ogon Michael , Mayer H. Michael , Boos Norbert 
Published: April 2017

Study Design: Cross-sectional and longitudinal validation study. Objective: Development and validation of a short, reliable, and valid questionnaire for the assessment of low back pain–related disability. Methods: The iDI was created in a stepwise procedure: (1) its development was based on the literature and theoretical consideration; (2) outcome data were collected and evaluated in a pilot study; (3) final validations were performed based on an international multicenter spine surgery outcome study including 514 patients; (4) the iDI was programmed for a tablet computer (iPad) and tested for its clinical practicability. Results: The final version of the iDI comprises of 8 simple questions related to different aspects of disability with a 5-point Likert-type answer scale. The iDI compared very well to the Oswestry Disability Index in terms of reliability and validity. The iDI was demonstrated to be suitable for data assessment on a tablet computer (iPad). Conclusions: The iDI is a short, valid, and practicable tool that facilitates routine quality assessment in terms of low back pain–related disability.
Factors Associated With Improved Function and Maintenance of Sports Activities at 5 to 10 Years After Autologous Hamstring ACL Reconstruction in Young Men
Authors: Hetsroni Iftach , van-Stee Mischa , Marom Niv , Koch Jonathan E. J. , Dolev Eran , Maoz Guy , Nyska Meir , Mann Gideon 
Published: April 2017

Background: There are limited data regarding associated factors of return to sports activities at more than 5 years after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Purpose: To test interrelationships between patient characteristics, concomitant articular lesions, graft laxity, and maintenance of sports activities at 5 to 10 years after ACL reconstruction. It was hypothesized that at 5 to 10 years after the operation in young adult men, maintenance of greater activity level and better knee function would be associated with greater preinjury activity level, younger age at reconstruction, absence of concomitant articular lesions, and minimal graft laxity at follow-up. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: One hundred six men with autologous hamstring ACL reconstruction between the ages of 18 and 35 years were reviewed at 5 to 10 years after surgery. Excluded patients had contralateral ACL tear, revision reconstruction, or another injury impairing function. Fifty-five patients were eligible and available for follow-up. Independent variables included preinjury Tegner score, time interval from injury to surgery, smoking status, age, articular lesions, KT side-to-side difference, and pivot-shift grade. Main outcome measures were Tegner activity level, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective score, and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Scale (KOOS) score at 5 to 10 years after surgery. Results: Greater Tegner activity level at follow-up was associated in a regression model with greater preinjury Tegner activity level (correlation coefficient, 0.423; P = .01), lower KT difference (correlation coefficient, –0.278; P = .04), and negative pivot shift (correlation coefficient, –0.277; P = .05). Younger age at operation predicted return to greater Tegner activity level in a univariate analysis (correlation coefficient, –0.266; P = .05) but not in a regression model (not significant). Chondral lesions at surgery predicted lower IKDC subjective scores (71.4 ± 14.3 vs 84.1 ± 11.5; P < .01) and KOOS scores but did not affect maintenance of sports activities. Conclusion: At 5 to 10 years after autologous hamstring ACL reconstruction in young men, predictors of greater sports activity level are primarily high preinjury activity level and reestablishment of knee laxity. Younger age at operation and moderate chondral lesions have lower impact in this respect.
IRP2 as a potential modulator of cell proliferation, apoptosis and prognosis in nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Khiroya Heena , Moore Jasbir S. , Ahmad Nabeel , Kay Jamie , Woolnough Kerry , Langman Gerald , Ismail Iyad , Naidu Babu , Tselepis Chris , Turner Alice M. 
Published: April 2017

IREB2is a gene that produces iron regulatory protein 2 (IRP2), which is critical to intracellular iron homeostasis and which relates to the rate of cellular proliferation.IREB2lies in a lung cancer susceptibility locus. The aims were to assess 1) the relationship between iron loading, cell proliferation and IRP2 expression in lung cancer; 2) the potential of iron related pathways as therapeutic targets; and 3) the relevance of IRP2 in operated lung cancer patients.Cells of two nonsmall cell cancer (NSCLC) lines and primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBECs) were cultured with and without iron; and proliferation, apoptosis and migration were assessed. Reverse transcriptase PCR and Western blot were used to assess expression of iron homeostasis genes/proteins. Iron chelation and knockdown ofIREB2were usedin vitroto explore therapeutics. A cohort of operated NSCLC patients was studied for markers of systemic iron status, tumour IRP2 staining and survival.Iron loading caused cell proliferation in cancer cell lines, which were less able to regulateIREB2expression than PBECs. Iron chelation resulted in a return of proliferation rates to baseline levels; knockdown ofIREB2had a similar effect. IRP2-positive tumours were larger (p=0.045) and higher percentage staining related to poorer survival (p=0.079).Loss of iron regulation represents a poor prognostic marker in lung cancer.
The IL-31/IL-31 receptor axis: general features and role in tumor microenvironment
Authors: Ferretti Elisa , Corcione Anna , Pistoia Vito 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
IL-31 is a recently identified cytokine with a well-defined role in the pathogenesis of pruritus. IL-31, whose production is induced by IL-4 and IL-33, binds a heterodimeric receptor (R) composed of the exclusive IL-31RA chain and the shared oncostatin M R. Signaling through the IL-31R involves the MAPK, PI3K/AKT and Jak/STAT pathways. Different variants and isoforms of IL-31RA with different signaling activities have been identified. IL-31 is produced predominantly by circulating Th2 lymphocytes and skin-homing CLA+CD45RO+ T cells. Studies in humans have demonstrated a pathogenic role for IL-31 in atopic dermatitis and allergic asthma. The first demonstration of the involvement of the IL-31/IL-31R axis in cancer came from studies in patients with mycosis fungoides/Sézary syndrome, the most frequent, cutaneous T cell lymphoma. Tumor cells were shown to produce IL-31, whose serum levels correlated with pruritus intensity. Follicular lymphoma (FL) B cells and their counterparts—germinal center B cells—produced IL-31 and expressed IL-31R, which signaled in the former, but not the latter, cells. IL-31 released in association with microvesicles promoted tumor growth through autocrine/paracrine loops. Malignant mast cells from patients with mastocytosis or Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative disorder produced IL-31, which contributed to pruritus pathogenesis. Finally, patients with endometrial carcinoma displayed high serum levels of IL-31 and IL-33, which may represent promising disease biomarkers. Targeting strategies for the IL-31/IL-31R axis have been developed, including the CIMM331 humanized anti-human IL-31RA antibody recently tested in a phase I/Ib study.