bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CETP (Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein) Inhibition With Anacetrapib Decreases Production of Lipoprotein(a) in Mildly Hypercholesterolemic Subjects
Authors: Thomas Tiffany , Zhou Haihong , Karmally Wahida , Ramakrishnan Rajasekhar , Holleran Stephen , Liu Yang , Jumes Patricia , Wagner John A. , Hubbard Brian , Previs Stephen F. , Roddy Thomas , Johnson-Levonas Amy O. , Gutstein David E. , Marcovina Santica M. , Rader Daniel J. , Ginsberg Henry N. , Millar John S. , Reyes-Soffer Gissette 
Published: July 2017

Objective—
Lp(a) [lipoprotein (a)] is composed of apoB (apolipoprotein B) and apo(a) [apolipoprotein (a)] and is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and aortic stenosis. In clinical trials, anacetrapib, a CETP (cholesteryl ester transfer protein) inhibitor, causes significant reductions in plasma Lp(a) levels. We conducted an exploratory study to examine the mechanism for Lp(a) lowering by anacetrapib.

Approach and Results—

We enrolled 39 participants in a fixed-sequence, double-blind study of the effects of anacetrapib on the metabolism of apoB and high-density lipoproteins. Twenty-nine patients were randomized to atorvastatin 20 mg/d, plus placebo for 4 weeks, and then atorvastatin plus anacetrapib (100 mg/d) for 8 weeks. The other 10 subjects were randomized to double placebo for 4 weeks followed by placebo plus anacetrapib for 8 weeks. We examined the mechanisms of Lp(a) lowering in a subset of 12 subjects having both Lp(a) levels >20 nmol/L and more than a 15% reduction in Lp(a) by the end of anacetrapib treatment. We performed stable isotope kinetic studies using
2
H
3
-leucine at the end of each treatment to measure apo(a) fractional catabolic rate and production rate. Median baseline Lp(a) levels were 21.5 nmol/L (interquartile range, 9.9–108.1 nmol/L) in the complete cohort (39 subjects) and 52.9 nmol/L (interquartile range, 38.4–121.3 nmol/L) in the subset selected for kinetic studies. Anacetrapib treatment lowered Lp(a) by 34.1% (
P
≤0.001) and 39.6% in the complete and subset cohort, respectively. The decreases in Lp(a) levels were because of a 41% reduction in the apo(a) production rate, with no effects on apo(a) fractional catabolic rate.

Conclusions—
Anacetrapib reduces Lp(a) levels by decreasing its production.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00990808.
Access to Justice 4 Known or Potential Extremists?
Authors: Eijkman Quirine , Roodnat Josien 
Published: July 2017

This article discusses, from the local professional perspective, access to justice for person-specific interventions to prevent or counter (violent) extremism in Europe. Using a Dutch case study it focusses on legal protection for hand-tailored interferences that are part of a wider-ranging counter-terrorism policy. While the so-called person-specific interventions, carried out by professionals, target designated high-risk individuals and groups, it is primarily the municipal authority that coordinates these criminal –, administrative – or social based measures. Furthermore, although researchers and human rights advocates have repeatedly sounded the alarm over access to justice for those affected, little research has been done into how those responsible for implementation perceive the necessity of legal protection. Also, the potential side-effects such as executive arbitrariness are modestly reflected in the literature. Henceforth, by reviewing policy documents and conducting semi-structured interviews, this exploratory study concludes that as far as legal protection for hand-tailored interferences are concerned, local professionals have faith in the checks and balances of the criminal justice system. Yet from their perspective this was less self-evident in cases of administrative – or social measures. Therefore, one may wonder if legal protections for person-specific interventions that deal with (potential) extremists are sufficient in practice.
Large-Eddy Simulation of Shallow Cumulus over Land: A Composite Case Based on ARM Long-Term Observations at Its Southern Great Plains Site
Authors: Zhang Yunyan , Klein Stephen A. , Fan Jiwen , Chandra Arunchandra S. , Kollias Pavlos , Xie Shaocheng , Tang Shuaiqi 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Based on long-term observations by the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program at its Southern Great Plains site, a new composite case of continental shallow cumulus (ShCu) convection is constructed for large-eddy simulations (LES) and single-column models. The case represents a typical daytime nonprecipitating ShCu whose formation and dissipation are driven by the local atmospheric conditions and land surface forcing and are not influenced by synoptic weather events. The case includes early morning initial profiles of temperature and moisture with a residual layer; diurnally varying sensible and latent heat fluxes, which represent a domain average over different land surface types; simplified large-scale horizontal advective tendencies and subsidence; and horizontal winds with prevailing direction and average speed. Observed composite cloud statistics are provided for model evaluation.
The observed diurnal cycle is well reproduced by LES; however, the cloud amount, liquid water path, and shortwave radiative effect are generally underestimated. LES are compared between simulations with an all-or-nothing bulk microphysics and a spectral bin microphysics. The latter shows improved agreement with observations in the total cloud cover and the amount of clouds with depths greater than 300 m. When compared with radar retrievals of in-cloud air motion, LES produce comparable downdraft vertical velocities, but a larger updraft area, velocity, and updraft mass flux. Both observations and LES show a significantly larger in-cloud downdraft fraction and downdraft mass flux than marine ShCu.
Do Statistical Pattern Corrections Improve Seasonal Climate Predictions in the North American Multimodel Ensemble Models?
Authors: Barnston Anthony G. , Tippett Michael K. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCanonical correlation analysis (CCA)-based statistical corrections are applied to seasonal mean precipitation and temperature hindcasts of the individual models from the North American Multimodel Ensemble project to correct biases in the positions and amplitudes of the predicted large-scale anomaly patterns. Corrections are applied in 15 individual regions and then merged into globally corrected forecasts. The CCA correction dramatically improves the RMS error skill score, demonstrating that model predictions contain correctable systematic biases in mean and amplitude. However, the corrections do not materially improve the anomaly correlation skills of the individual models for most regions, seasons, and lead times, with the exception of October–December precipitation in Indonesia and eastern Africa. Models with lower uncorrected correlation skill tend to benefit more from the correction, suggesting that their lower skills may be due to correctable systematic errors. Unexpectedly, corrections for the globe as a single region tend to improve the anomaly correlation at least as much as the merged corrections to the individual regions for temperature, and more so for precipitation, perhaps due to better noise filtering. The lack of overall improvement in correlation may imply relatively mild errors in large-scale anomaly patterns. Alternatively, there may be such errors, but the period of record is too short to identify them effectively but long enough to find local biases in mean and amplitude. Therefore, statistical correction methods treating individual locations (e.g., multiple regression or principal component regression) may be recommended for today’s coupled climate model forecasts. The findings highlight that the performance of statistical postprocessing can be grossly overestimated without thorough cross validation or evaluation on independent data.
Relationships between adolescent body mass index, physical activity, and sensory-processing patterns
Authors: Delahunt Joan Ziegler , Mische Lawson Lisa A. 
Published: July 2017

Background. Trends show a significant decline with adolescent physical activity (PA). Knowledge regarding how sensory-processing patterns and body mass index (BMI) relate to adolescents’ PA participation is scarce. Purpose. This study investigated if relationships exist between adolescent BMI, sensory processing, and PA participation. Method. This correlational study collected data from 141 adolescents who completed the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile and the Physical Activity Questionnaire–Adolescent. Their BMIs were calculated using self-reported age, height, and weight. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and two-tailed Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients. Findings. Adolescents with different sensory-processing patterns reported participation in both similar and distinct PAs. Participation in PA and BMI shared no significant correlation. Sensory sensitivity and BMI total ( rs = –.171, p = .044) and BMI percentile ( rs = –.191, p = .024) demonstrated significant correlations. Analysis revealed a correlation between sensory seeking patterns and PA ( rs = .224, p = .008) as well as correlations among sensory quadrants and participation in specific PAs. Implications. Occupational therapists should consider an adolescent’s sensory preferences when recommending PA interventions.
Psychological assessment of children and adolescents with obesity
Authors: Pan Liya , Li Xiaxi , Feng Yi , Hong Li 
Published: July 2017

Objective This study aimed to analyse the psychological conditions and behaviour of a group of Chinese children and adolescents with obesity, and to develop an intervention for these young patients. Methods A group of 72 patients aged from 4 to 15 years were recruited from an obesity clinic. Patients, or the parents of children younger than 12 years, filled out a series of self-report questionnaires, and the responses were recorded and analysed. Results The 72 children and adolescents with obesity had a mean age of 9.14 ± 2.18 years. The body mass index-z scores of children with obesity showed a significant positive correlation with the level of impulsive behaviour, motivational impulses, and cognitive instability (inattention). Children with obesity quickly responded with extreme emotions, and these responses were positively correlated with the degree of obesity (slight, intermediate, or severe obesity). Conclusion Children and adolescents being treated for obesity have many underlying psychological problems, including emotional instability and impulsivity, and are prone to extreme emotional-psychological problems. These difficulties are positively correlated with the degree of obesity. Therefore, clinical treatment of these problems requires not only use of medication, improved nutrition, and healthy exercise, but also addressing underlying psychologic problems.
Effect-site concentration of remifentanil required to blunt haemodynamic responses during tracheal intubation: A randomized comparison between single- and double-lumen tubes
Authors: Kim Tae Kyong , Hong Deok Man , Lee Seo Hee , Paik Hyesun , Min Se Hee , Seo Jeong-Hwa , Jung Chul-Woo , Bahk Jae-Hyon 
Published: July 2017

Objective To investigate the effect-site concentration of remifentanil required to blunt haemodynamic responses during tracheal intubation with a single-lumen tube (SLT) or a double-lumen tube (DLT). Methods Patients scheduled for thoracic surgery requiring one-lung ventilation were randomly allocated to either the SLT or DLT group. All patients received a target-controlled infusion of propofol and a predetermined concentration of remifentanil. Haemodynamic parameters during intubation were recorded. The effect-site concentration of remifentanil was determined using a delayed up-and-down sequential allocation method. Results A total of 92 patients were enrolled in the study. The effective effect-site concentrations of remifentanil required to blunt haemodynamic responses in 50% of patients (EC50) estimated by isotonic regression with bootstrapping was higher in the DLT than the SLT group (8.5 ng/ml [95% confidence interval (CI) 8.0–9.5 ng/ml] versus 6.5 ng/ml [95% CI 5.6–6.7 ng/ml], respectively). Similarly, the effective effect-site concentrations of remifentanil in 95% of patients in the DLT group was higher than the SLT group (9.9 ng/ml [95% CI 9.8–10.0 ng/ml] versus 7.0 ng/ml [95% CI 6.9–7.0 ng/ml], respectively). Conclusions This study demonstrated that a DLT requires a 30% higher EC50 of remifentanil than does an SLT to blunt haemodynamic responses during tracheal intubation when combined with a target-controlled infusion of propofol. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01542099.
Postoperative Recurrence of Instability Due to New Anterior Glenoid Rim Fractures After Arthroscopic Bankart Repair
Authors: Nakagawa Shigeto , Hirose Takehito , Tachibana Yuta , Iuchi Ryo , Mae Tatsuo 
Published: July 2017

Background:Computed tomography (CT) sometimes reveals a new fracture of the anterior glenoid rim in patients with postoperative recurrence of instability after arthroscopic Bankart repair using suture anchors, but there have been few previous reports about such fractures.Hypothesis:The placement of a large number of suture anchors during arthroscopic Bankart repair might be associated with a new glenoid rim fracture.Study Design:Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods:Screw-in metal suture anchors were used until June 2011 and suture-based soft anchors from July 2011. A follow-up of at least 2 years was conducted for 128 shoulders treated using metal anchors (metal anchor group) and 129 shoulders treated using soft anchors (soft anchor group). The frequency and features of new glenoid rim fractures were investigated, and the influence of the number of suture anchors and other factors on fractures was also assessed.Results:There were 19 shoulders (14.8%) with postoperative recurrence in the metal anchor group and 23 shoulders (17.8%) in the soft anchor group. Among 37 shoulders evaluated by CT at recurrence, a new glenoid rim fracture was detected in 13 shoulders (35.1%; 5 shoulders in the metal anchor group and 8 shoulders in the soft anchor group). A fracture at the anchor insertion site was recognized in 4 shoulders from the metal anchor group and 6 shoulders from the soft anchor group, although linear fractures connecting several anchor holes were only seen in the soft anchor group. While new glenoid fractures occurred regardless of the number of suture anchors used, new fractures were significantly more frequent in teenagers at surgery and in junior high school or high school athletes. Such fractures did not only occur in contact athletes but were also found in overhead athletes.Conclusion:Postoperative recurrence of instability associated with a new glenoid rim fracture along the suture anchor insertion site was frequent after arthroscopic Bankart repair. These fractures might be related to placing multiple soft suture anchors in a linear arrangement.
Anticoagulation withdrawal in antiphospholipid syndrome: a retrospective matched-control study
Authors: Yelnik C M , Urbanski G , Drumez E , Caron C , Maillard H , Morell-Dubois S , Dubucquoi S , Launay D , Hachulla E , Hatron P Y , Duhamel A , Lambert M 
Published: July 2017

Background/Purpose Long-term anticoagulation is the standard treatment for thrombotic antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). However, in daily practice, the question of withdrawing anticoagulation may arise, without any evidence-based recommendations. This study aimed to assess outcomes in APS patients after anticoagulation withdrawal. Methods Thrombotic APS patients followed in our centre, whose anticoagulation was withdrawn after APS diagnosis, were retrospectively selected, and were match-controlled with patients under anticoagulation, based on sex, age, APS clinical phenotype and disease duration. Results Thirty cases with anticoagulation withdrawal were included. Median follow-up was 51 months (12–124). The risk of thrombotic relapse was higher in cases compared to controls (7.3% versus 1.5% patient-year ( p = 0.01); hazard ratio 4.8; 95% confidence interval (1.4–16.7)). Male gender, anti-β2GP1 and triple positivity at inclusion were predictive factors for thrombotic relapse. Conversely, aspirin prescription was a protective factor against relapses. Persistence of LA, anti-β2GP1 and triple positivity over time were associated with a higher risk of thrombosis and aPL disappearance with a lower risk. Conclusion In our study, anticoagulation withdrawal was associated with an increased risk of thrombotic relapse. Our findings emphasize the influence of anti-β2GP1 and triple positivity persistence over time on the risk of relapse and the benefit of aspirin prescription when anticoagulation has been withdrawn.
Employment Supports for Adults With Disabilities in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Campbell Systematic Review
Authors: Tripney Janice , Hogrebe Nina , Schmidt Elena , Vigurs Carol , Stewart Ruth 
Published: July 2017

Objective: To identify, appraise, and synthesize studies of interventions to improve labor market outcomes of adults in developing countries with physical and/or sensory disabilities. Method: Systematic review methods, following Campbell Collaboration guidelines, were utilized. A comprehensive search was used to identify relevant studies published between 1990 and 2013, which were graded for study quality and a narrative approach used to synthesize the research evidence. Results: Fourteen studies covering a wide range of interventions met the inclusion criteria. Although individual studies reported improvements in outcomes, heterogeneity was high and studies were generally of poor methodological quality. Conclusions: There is a lack of high-quality research evidence to inform decision-making in this area. Stakeholders should be cautious when interpreting the results of the current evidence base.
Neurovascular Structures at Risk With Curved Retrograde TTC Fusion Nails
Authors: de Cesar Netto Cesar , Johannesmeyer David , Cone Brent , Araoye Ibukunoluwa , Hudson Parke William , Sahranavard Bahman , Johnson Michael , Shah Ashish 
Published: July 2017

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the risk of iatrogenic injury to plantar neurovascular structures of the foot during insertion of a curved retrograde tibiotalocalcaneal (TTC) fusion nail. Material and Methods: Ten below-knee thawed fresh-frozen cadaveric specimens underwent curved retrograde nailing of the ankle. The shortest distance between the nail and the main plantar neurovascular branches and injured structures were recorded during dissection. We also evaluated the relative position of these structures along 2 lines (AB, connecting the calcaneus to the first metatarsal, and BC, connecting the first and fifth metatarsal). Results: The lateral plantar artery was found to be in direct contact with the nail 70% of the time, with a macroscopic laceration 30% of the time. The Baxter nerve was injured 20% of the time, as was the lateral plantar nerve. The medial plantar artery and nerve were never injured. The most proximal structure to cross line AB was the Baxter nerve followed by the lateral plantar artery, the nail, the lateral plantar nerve, and the medial plantar nerve. Conclusion: Our cadaveric anatomic study found that the most common structures at risk for iatrogenic injury by lateral curved retrograde TTC fusion nails were the lateral plantar artery and nerve, and the Baxter nerve. Clinical Relevance: Determination of a true neurovascular safe zone is challenging and therefore warrants careful operative dissection to minimize neurovascular injuries.
Feasibility of Na18F PET/CT and MRI for Noninvasive In Vivo Quantification of Knee Pathophysiological Bone Metabolism in a Canine Model of Post-traumatic Osteoarthritis
Authors: Menendez Maria I. , Hettlich Bianca , Wei Lai , Knopp Michael V. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose: To assess and quantify by molecular imaging knee osseous metabolic changes serially in an in vivo canine model of posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) of the knee utilizing sodium fluoride (Na18F) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) coregistered with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and Methods: Sodium fluoride PET imaging of 5 canines was performed prior to anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) and 2 times post-ACLT (3 and 12 weeks). The PET/CT was coregistered with MRI, enabling serial anatomically guided visual and quantitative three-dimensional (3D) region of interest (ROI) assessment by maximum standardized uptake value. Results: Prior to ACLT, every 3D ROI assessed in both knees showed no Na18F uptake above background. The uptake of Na18F in the bone of the ACLT knees increased exponentially, presenting significantly higher uptake at 12 weeks in every region compared to the ACLT knees at baseline. Furthermore, the uninjured contralateral limb and the ipsilateral distal bones and joints presented Na18F uptake at 3 and 12 weeks post-ACLT. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that Na18F PET/CT coregistered with MRI is a feasible molecular imaging biomarker to assess knee osseous metabolic changes serially in an in vivo canine model of knee PTOA. Moreover, it brings a novel musculoskeletal preclinical imaging methodology that can provide unique insights into PTOA pathophysiology.
First Experience of Performing Hybrid Operations in Chronic Venous Obstructions of Iliofemoral Segments in Patients With Postthrombotic Syndrome
Authors: Pokrovsky Anatoly , Ignatyev Igor , Gradusov Evgeny 
Published: July 2017

Objective: To assess the first results of hybrid operations in chronic venous obstructions of iliofemoral segments in patients with postthrombotic syndrome (PTS). Methods: Hybrid operations (open endovenectomy from the common femoral vein with arteriovenous fistula creation and iliac vein stenting) were performed in 12 patients diagnosed with PTS. All of the patients were diagnosed with severe chronic venous insufficiency. The degree of manifestations of PTS was assessed by means of the Villalta score 7 months before and after the surgical intervention. Diagnostic methods of study included ultrasound duplex scanning, magnetic resonance and/or multispiral computed venography, and contrast venography. Results: Technical success of the procedure was 92%. The outcomes of hybrid operations after 7 months were followed up in 6 patients and in 4 patients in 3 months. Secondary patency rates of the stented iliac veins amounted to 100%. No recurrences of venous ulcers were observed. Median Villalta scores improved from 15 to 7 ( P = .012). Conclusion: The first experience of hybrid operations for obstructive lesions of veins of the iliofemoral segments demonstrated their high efficacy and safety.