bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
T cells with low CD2 levels express reduced restriction factors and are preferentially infected in therapy naïve chronic HIV‐1 patients
Authors: Bolduan Sebastian , Koppensteiner Herwig , Businger Ramona , Rebensburg Stephanie , Kunze Christine , Brack‐Werner Ruth , Draenert Rika , Schindler Michael 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIntroduction: Restriction factors (RFs) suppress HIV‐1 in cell lines and primary cell models. Hence, RFs might be attractive targets for novel antiviral strategies, but their importance for virus control in vivo is controversial.Methods: We profiled the expression of RFs in primary blood‐derived mononuclear cells (PBMC) from therapy‐naïve HIV‐1 patients and quantified infection.Results: Overall, there was no correlation between individual RF expression and HIV‐1 status in total PBMC. However, we identified a T cell population with low levels of intracellular CD2 and reduced expression of SAMHD1, p21 and SerinC5. CD2low T cells with reduced RF expression were markedly positive for HIV‐1 p24. In contrast, CD2+ T cells were less infected and expressed higher levels of RFs. CD2low T cell infection correlated with viral loads and was associated with HIV‐1 disease progression.Conclusions: In untreated therapy naïve chronic HIV‐1 patients, RF expression in T cells is associated with CD2 expression and seems to influence viral loads. Our study suggests that RFs help to control HIV‐1 infection in certain T cells in vivo and supports the potential for RFs as promising targets for therapeutic intervention.
A historical review of HIV prevention and care initiatives in British Columbia, Canada: 1996‐2015
Authors: Olding Michelle , Enns Ben , Panagiotoglou Dimitra , Shoveller Jean , Harrigan P Richard , Barrios Rolando , Kerr Thomas , Montaner Julio S. G. , Nosyk Bohdan ,   STOP HIV/AIDS Study group
Published: September 2017

AbstractIntroduction: British Columbia has made significant progress in the treatment and prevention of HIV since 1996, when Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) became available. However, we currently lack a historical summary of HIV prevention and care interventions implemented in the province since the introduction of HAART and how they have shaped the HIV epidemic. Guided by a socio‐ecological framework, we present a historical review of biomedical and health services, community and structural interventions implemented in British Columbia from 1996–2015 to prevent HIV transmission or otherwise enhance the cascade of HIV care.Methods: We constructed a historical timeline of HIV interventions implemented in BC between 1996 and 2015 by reviewing publicly available reports, guidelines and other documents from provincial health agencies, community organizations and AIDS service organizations, and by conducting searches of peer‐reviewed literature through PubMed and Ovid MEDLINE. We collected further programmatic information by administering a data collection form to representatives from BC's regional health authorities and an umbrella agency representing 45 AIDS Service organizations. Using linked population‐level health administrative data, we identified key phases of the HIV epidemic in British Columbia, as characterized by distinct changes in HIV incidence, HAART uptake and the provincial HIV response.Results and Discussion: In total, we identified 175 HIV prevention and care interventions implemented in BC from 1996 to 2015. We identify and describe four phases in BC's response to HIV/AIDS: the early HAART phase (1996–1999); the harm reduction and health service scale‐up phase (2000–2005); the early Treatment as Prevention phase (2006–2009); and the STOP HIV/AIDS phase (2010‐present). In doing so, we provide an overview of British Columbia's universal and centralized HIV treatment system and detail the role of community‐based and provincial stakeholders in advancing innovative prevention and harm reduction approaches, as well as “seek, test, treat and retain” strategies.Conclusions: The review provides valuable insight into British Columbia's HIV response, highlights emerging priorities, and may inform future efforts to evaluate the causal impact of interventions.
Towards an Understanding of the Evolution (Fate and Transport) of the 2010 Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill
Authors: Murray Karen J. , Boehm Paul D. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT 2017-192
While examination of the question “what happened to the oil?” has been undertaken on other oil spills, the wealth of data from the 2010 Deepwater Horizon accident presents a unique opportunity to deeply examine this question. To do so, several investigative threads need to be pulled together. In this paper, results from several relevant data sets and related studies and published papers pertaining to the behavior and fate of oil released from the Macondo well during the accident will be discussed. These data sets include: 1) analysis of the weathering processes, changes in chemistry, and partitioning of oil components that occurred and 2) data on the concentrations and movement of oil in the water, on the surface, and to the shoreline that created various “footprints” over time. The available data on water column chemistry, distributions, and partitioning; water chemistry related to surface oil distributions over time; biodegradation; sediment chemistry and distributions; and fate of the oil on the shoreline are all essential to this effort. This presentation will present a high-level, data-driven overview of the fate of the oil.
An in vivo proteomic analysis of the Me31B interactome in Drosophila germ granules
Authors: DeHaan Hunter , McCambridge Aidan , Armstrong Brittany , Cruse Carlie , Solanki Dhruv , Trinidad Jonathan C. , Arkov Alexey L. , Gao Ming 
Published: September 2017

Drosophila Me31B is a conserved protein of germ granules, ribonucleoprotein complexes essential for germ cell development. Me31B post‐transcriptionally regulates mRNAs by interacting with other germ granule proteins. However, a Me31B interactome is lacking. Here, we use an in vivo proteomics approach to show that the Me31B interactome contains polypeptides from four functional groups: RNA regulatory proteins, glycolytic enzymes, cytoskeleton/motor proteins, and germ plasm components. We further show that Me31B likely colocalizes with the germ plasm components Tudor (Tud), Vasa, and Aubergine in the nuage and germ plasm and provide evidence that Me31B may directly bind to Tud in a symmetrically dimethylated arginine‐dependent manner. Our study supports the role of Me31B in RNA regulation and suggests its novel roles in germ granule assembly and function.
Pore‐Scale Imaging and Analysis of Phase Topologies and Displacement Mechanisms for CO2‐Brine Two‐Phase Flow in Unconsolidated Sand Packs
Authors: Lv Pengfei , Song Yongchen , Liu Yu , Wang Bin , Jiang Lanlan , Wu Bohao , Liu Shuyang , Chen Junlin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCO2 storage in saline aquifers is considered a potential solution for CO2 mitigation, owing to its significant capacity and worldwide distribution capability. It is therefore becoming more important to understand the underground CO2/brine flow mechanisms. CO2 migration is primarily controlled by the pore‐scale subsurface flows in different saline aquifer sites with variable reservoir formation compositions and reservoir conditions. Variations occur in the state of CO2 phase (gas versus supercritical), brine salinity, and rock wettability, under different reservoir conditions, and may result in different subsurface CO2/brine migration phenomena. In this study, we investigate the drainage and imbibition procedures of CO2 and brine by injecting fluids into unconsolidated sand packs under different conditions of CO2 phase states, brine salinity, and wettability of sand packs. The pore‐scale fluid distribution is visualized using micro X‐ray computed tomography (micro‐CT). It is found that the phase states of CO2, brine salinity, and wettability have low impacts on CO2 distribution during drainage. However, the increase in brine salinity significantly damages the connectedness of the water phase in pore structures and further decreases the CO2‐brine interfacial areas. In addition, a pore‐scale event called the droplet fragmentation of nonwetting phase is found to occur in the imbibition procedure, which is considered to be beneficial to the dissolution trapping in CO2 geological storages. It is experimentally demonstrated that the pore structure of rock cores is a factor that significantly contributes to droplet fragmentation.
Systematic Observations of the Slip Pulse Properties of Large Earthquake Ruptures
Authors: Melgar Diego , Hayes Gavin P. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn earthquake dynamics there are two end member models of rupture: propagating cracks and self‐healing pulses. These arise due to different properties of faults and have implications for seismic hazard; rupture mode controls near‐field strong ground motions. Past studies favor the pulse‐like mode of rupture; however, due to a variety of limitations, it has proven difficult to systematically establish their kinematic properties. Here we synthesize observations from a database of >150 rupture models of earthquakes spanning M7–M9 processed in a uniform manner and show the magnitude scaling properties of these slip pulses indicates self‐similarity. Further, we find that large and very large events are statistically distinguishable relatively early (at ~15 s) in the rupture process. This suggests that with dense regional geophysical networks strong ground motions from a large rupture can be identified before their onset across the source region.
Evaluation of a General Circulation Model by the CERES Flux‐by‐Cloud Type Simulator
Authors: Eitzen Zachary A. , Su Wenying , Xu Kuan‐Man , Loeb Norman , Sun Moguo , Doelling David , Rose Fred , Bodas‐Salcedo Alejandro 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this work, we use the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) FluxByCloudTyp data product (FBCTObs), which calculates top‐of‐atmosphere (TOA) shortwave and longwave fluxes for cloud types defined by cloud optical depth (τ) and cloud top pressure (pc), and the CERES Flux‐by‐cloud type simulator (FBCTSim) to evaluate the HadGEM2‐A model. FBCTSim is composed of a cloud generator that produces subcolumns with profiles of binary cloud fraction, a cloud property simulator that determines the cloud type (τ, pc) for each subcolumn, and a radiative transfer model that calculates TOA fluxes. The identification of duplicate subcolumns greatly reduces the number of radiative transfer calculations required. In the southern Great Plains region in January, February, and December 2008, FBCTSim shows that HadGEM2‐A cloud tops are higher in altitude than in FBCTObs but also have higher values of outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) than in FBCTObs, leading to a compensating error that results in an average value of OLR that is close to observed. When FBCTSim is applied to the southeast Pacific stratocumulus region in JJA 2008, the cloud tops are primarily low in altitude; however, the clouds tend to be less numerous and have higher optical depths than are observed. In addition, the HadGEM2‐A albedo is higher than that of FBCTObs for those cloud types that occur most frequently. FBCTSim is also applied to the entire 60°N to 60°S region, and it is found that there are both fewer clouds and higher albedos than observed for most cloud types, which represents a compensating error in terms of the shortwave radiative budget.
Mechanism of Fast Atmospheric Energetic Equilibration Following Radiative Forcing by CO2
Authors: Dinh T. , Fueglistaler S. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn energetic equilibrium, the atmosphere's net radiative divergence (
) is balanced by sensible (
) and latent (
) heat fluxes, i.e.,
. Radiative forcing from increasing CO2 reduces
, and the surface warming following an increase in CO2 is largely due to the reduction in atmospheric energy demand in
and
, with only a smaller surface radiative budget perturbation. With an idealized General Circulation Model, we show that the fast atmospheric adjustment at fixed surface temperature produces the required decrease in the sum of
and
through changes in the near‐surface temperature and specific humidity. In layers near the surface, the reduced radiative cooling forces a temperature increase that leads to a negative Planck radiative feedback and, because of the reduced surface‐atmosphere temperature difference, also to a reduction in sensible heat flux. In the free troposphere, the reduced radiative cooling leads to a weakening of the tropospheric circulation. Consequently, there is a decrease in the water flux exported from the layers near the surface, and as such in precipitation. By mass conservation, the near‐surface specific humidity increases and surface evaporation decreases until it balances the reduced export flux. Other processes can amplify or dampen the responses in
and
and change the partitioning between these two fluxes, but by themselves do not ensure
.
Deepwater Fold‐and‐Thrust Belt Along New Caledonia's Western Margin: Relation to Post‐obduction Vertical Motions
Authors: Collot J. , Patriat M. , Etienne S. , Rouillard P. , Soetaert F. , Juan C. , Marcaillou B. , Palazzin G. , Clerc C. , Maurizot P. , Pattier F. , Tournadour E. , Sevin B. , Privat A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractClassically, deepwater fold‐and‐thrust belts are classified in two main types, depending if they result from near‐ or far‐field stresses and the understanding of their driving and triggering mechanism is poorly known. We present a geophysical data set off the western margin of New Caledonia (SW Pacific) that reveals deformed structures of a deepwater fold‐and‐thrust belt that we interpret as a near‐field gravity‐driven system, which is not located at a rifted passive margin. The main factor triggering deformation is inferred to be oversteepening of the margin slope by postobduction isostatic rebound. Onshore erosion of abnormally dense obducted material, combined with sediment loading in the adjacent basin, has induced vertical motions that have caused oversteepening of the margin. Detailed morphobathymetric, seismic stratigraphic, and structural analysis reveals that the fold‐and‐thrust belt extends 200 km along the margin, and 50 km into the New Caledonia Trough. Deformation is rooted at depths greater than 5 km beneath the seafloor, affects an area of 3,500 km2, and involves a sediment volume of approximately 13,000 km3. This deformed belt is organized into an imbricate fan system of faults, and one out‐of‐sequence thrust fault affects the seabed. The thrust faults are deeply rooted in the basin along a low‐angle floor thrust and connected to New Caledonia Island along a major detachment. This study not only provides a better knowledge of the New Caledonia margin but also provides new insight into the mechanisms that trigger deepwater fold‐and‐thrust belts.
Failure mode and effects analysis: A community practice perspective
Authors: Schuller Bradley W. , Burns Angi , Ceilley Elizabeth A. , King Alan , LeTourneau Joan , Markovic Alexander , Sterkel Lynda , Taplin Brigid , Wanner Jennifer , Albert Jeffrey M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPurposeTo report our early experiences with failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) in a community practice setting.MethodsThe FMEA facilitator received extensive training at the AAPM Summer School. Early efforts focused on department education and emphasized the need for process evaluation in the context of high profile radiation therapy accidents. A multidisciplinary team was assembled with representation from each of the major department disciplines. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) was identified as the most appropriate treatment technique for the first FMEA evaluation, as it is largely self‐contained and has the potential to produce high impact failure modes. Process mapping was completed using breakout sessions, and then compiled into a simple electronic format. Weekly sessions were used to complete the FMEA evaluation. Risk priority number (RPN) values > 100 or severity scores of 9 or 10 were considered high risk. The overall time commitment was also tracked.ResultsThe final SRS process map contained 15 major process steps and 183 subprocess steps. Splitting the process map into individual assignments was a successful strategy for our group. The process map was designed to contain enough detail such that another radiation oncology team would be able to perform our procedures. Continuous facilitator involvement helped maintain consistent scoring during FMEA. Practice changes were made responding to the highest RPN scores, and new resulting RPN scores were below our high‐risk threshold. The estimated person‐hour equivalent for project completion was 258 hr.ConclusionsThis report provides important details on the initial steps we took to complete our first FMEA, providing guidance for community practices seeking to incorporate this process into their quality assurance (QA) program. Determining the feasibility of implementing complex QA processes into different practice settings will take on increasing significance as the field of radiation oncology transitions into the new TG‐100 QA paradigm.
Enhanced EGFR Targeting Activity of Plasmonic Nanostructures with Engineered GE11 Peptide
Authors: Biscaglia Francesca , Rajendran Senthilkumar , Conflitti Paolo , Benna Clara , Sommaggio Roberta , Litti Lucio , Mocellin Simone , Bocchinfuso Gianfranco , Rosato Antonio , Palleschi Antonio , Nitti Donato , Gobbo Marina , Meneghetti Moreno 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPlasmonic nanostructures show important properties for biotechnological applications, but they have to be guided on the target for exploiting their potentialities. Antibodies are the natural molecules for targeting. However, their possible adverse immunogenic activity and their cost have suggested finding other valid substitutes. Small molecules like peptides can be an alternative source of targeting agents, even if, as single molecules, their binding affinity is usually not very good. GE11 is a small dodecapeptide with specific binding to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and low immunogenicity. The present work shows that thousands of polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains modified with lysines and functionalized with GE11 on clusters of naked gold nanoparticles, obtained by laser ablation in water, achieves a better targeting activity than that recorded with nanoparticles decorated with the specific anti‐EGFR antibody Cetuximab (C225). The insertion of the cationic spacer between the polymeric part of the ligand and the targeting peptide allows for a proper presentation of GE11 on the surface of the nanosystems. Surface enhanced resonance Raman scattering signals of the plasmonic gold nanoparticles are used for quantifying the targeting activity. Molecular dynamic calculations suggest that subtle differences in the exposition of the peptide on the PEG sea are important for the targeting activity.
An Advanced Multifunctional Hydrogel‐Based Dressing for Wound Monitoring and Drug Delivery
Authors: Mirani Bahram , Pagan Erik , Currie Barbara , Siddiqui Mohammad Ali , Hosseinzadeh Reihaneh , Mostafalu Pooria , Zhang Yu Shrike , Ghahary Aziz , Akbari Mohsen 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWound management is a major global challenge and poses a significant financial burden to the healthcare system due to the rapid growth of chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and aging population. The ability to detect pathogenic infections and release drug at the wound site is of the utmost importance to expedient patient care. Herein, this study presents an advanced multifunctional dressing (GelDerm) capable of colorimetric measurement of pH, an indicator of bacterial infection, and release of antibiotic agents at the wound site. This study demonstrates the ability of GelDerm to detect bacterial infections using in vitro and ex vivo tests with accuracies comparable to the commercially available systems. Wireless interfaces to digital image capture hardware such as smartphones serve as a means for quantitation and enable the patient to record the wound condition at home and relay the information to the healthcare personnel for following treatment strategies. Additionally, the dressing is integrated within commercially available patches and can be placed on the wound without chemical or physical irritation. This study demonstrates the ability of GelDerm to eradicate bacteria by the sustained release of antibiotics. The proposed technology holds great promise in managing chronic and acute injuries caused by trauma, surgery, or diabetes.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Regioselective Oxidative Annulation of Cyclohexanones and 2‐Aminophenyl Ketones Using Molecular Oxygen as the Sole Oxidant
Authors: Mu Wan‐Lu , Wang Meirong , Li Hui‐Jing , Huang Deng‐Ming , Zhang Yi‐Yun , Li Chao‐Yi , Liu Ying , Wu Yan‐Chao 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA facile oxidative annulation of cyclohexanones and 2‐aminophenyl ketones that uses molecular oxygen as the sole oxidant is described. The reaction provides a direct approach to acridines, a structural motif for a large number of fluorescent sensors, functional materials, ligands, and pharmaceuticals. In the presence of a palladium catalyst, high regioselectivity is observed when using non‐symmetric 3‐substituted cyclohexanones. With the use of oxygen as the terminal redox moderator, the electron gap of the global redox condensation process is filled and the reaction efficiency is significantly promoted. This protocol possesses many advantages such as using non‐hazardous oxidant and readily available starting materials, high regioselectivity, and water as the only by‐product.magnified image
Sodium‐Ion Batteries: From Academic Research to Practical Commercialization
Authors: Deng Jianqiu , Luo Wen‐Bin , Chou Shu‐Lei , Liu Hua‐Kun , Dou Shi‐Xue 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have been considered as the most promising candidate for large‐scale energy storage system owing to the economic efficiency resulting from abundant sodium resources, superior safety, and similar chemical properties to the commercial lithium‐ion battery. Despite the long period of academic research, how to realize sodium‐ion battery commercialization for market applications is still a great challenge. Thus, from the perspective of future practical application, this review will identify the factors that are restricting commercialization, and evaluate the existing active materials and sodium‐ion‐based full‐cell system. The design and development trends that are needed for SIBs to meet the requirements of practical applications in large‐scale energy storage will also be discussed in detail.