bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Early Overfeeding on Palatable Food Preference and Brain Dopaminergic Reward System at Adulthood: Role of Calcium Supplementation
Authors: Conceição E. P. S. , Carvalho J. C. , Manhães A. C. , Guarda D. S. , Figueiredo M. S. , Quitete F. T. , Oliveira E. , Moura E. G. , Lisboa P. C. 
Published: March 2016

Rats raised in small litters (SL) are obese and hyperphagic. In the present study, we evaluated whether obesity is associated with changes in the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic reward system in these animals at adulthood. We also assessed the anti‐obesity effects of dietary calcium supplementation. To induce early overfeeding, litters were adjusted to three pups on postnatal day (PN)3 (SL group). Control litters were kept with 10 pups each until weaning (NL group). On PN120, SL animals were subdivided into two groups: SL (standard diet) and SL‐Ca [SL with calcium supplementation (10 g calcium carbonate/kg rat chow) for 60 days]. On PN175, animals were subjected to a food challenge: animals could choose between a high‐fat (HFD) or a high‐sugar diet (HSD). Food intake was recorded after 30 min and 12 h. Euthanasia occurred on PN180. SL rats had higher food intake, body mass and central adiposity. Sixty days of dietary calcium supplementation (SL‐Ca) prevented these changes. Only SL animals preferred the HFD at 12 h. Both SL groups had lower tyrosine hydroxylase content in the ventral tegmental area, lower dopaminergic transporter content in the nucleus accumbens, and higher type 2 dopamine receptor (D2R) content in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC). They also had higher neuropeptide Y (NPY) and lower pro‐opiomelanocortin contents in the ARC. Calcium treatment normalised only D2R and NPY contents. Precocious obesity induces long‐term effects in the brain dopaminergic system, which can be associated with an increased preference for fat at adulthood. Calcium treatment prevents this last alteration, partially through its actions on ARC D2R and NPY proteins.
Long‐Term Clinical Outcomes of a Biodegradable Polymer‐Based Biolimus‐Eluting Stent
Authors: Im Eui , Kim Gwang‐Sil , Shin Dong‐Ho , Kim Jung‐Sun , Kim Byeong‐Keuk , Ko Young‐Guk , Choi Donghoon , Jang Yangsoo , Hong Myeong‐Ki 
Published: March 2016

ObjectivesTo investigate the long‐term clinical outcomes of biolimus‐eluting stents with biodegradable polymers in real‐world clinical practice.BackgroundLong‐term clinical outcomes of biolimus‐eluting stents have not been clearly established.MethodsA total of 824 all‐comer patients (971 lesions) treated with unrestricted implantation of a biolimus‐eluting stent with a biodegradable polymer were prospectively enrolled. Patients were divided into complex (413 patients) versus noncomplex (411 patients) groups according to the complexity of coronary lesions. Long‐term clinical outcomes for stent efficacy (target lesion revascularization) and safety (composite of cardiac death, target lesion‐related myocardial infarction, and definite or probable stent thrombosis) were compared between the two groups during 5 years of follow‐up.ResultsThe complex group showed higher rates of decreased left ventricular ejection fraction, impaired renal function, previous history of myocardial infarction, and diabetes mellitus compared to the noncomplex group. In the overall population, the 5‐year cumulative rate of target lesion revascularization was 4.8% (8.3% in the complex group vs 1.6% in the noncomplex group, P < 0.001). For stent safety, the 5‐year cumulative rate for a composite of cardiac death, target lesion‐related myocardial infarction, and stent thrombosis was 2.5% overall (3.9% in the complex group vs 1.1% in the noncomplex group, P = 0.010). Overall 5‐year cumulative rate of stent thrombosis was 0.4% (0.5% in the complex vs 0.2% in the noncomplex group, P = 0.561) with no very late stent thrombosis (VLST).ConclusionsBiodegradable polymer‐based biolimus‐eluting stents showed favorable efficacy and safety in all‐comer patients during 5 years of follow‐up. (J Interven Cardiol 2016;29:162–167)
Mid‐Term Outcomes after Percutaneous Closure of the Secundum Atrial Septal Defect with the Figulla‐Occlutech Device
Authors: Pedra Carlos A. C. , Pedra SIMONE F. , Costa Rodrigo N. , Ribeiro Marcelo S. , Nascimento Wanda , Campanhã Luis Otávio S. , Santana M. Virginia T. , Jatene IEDA B. , Assef Jorge E. , Fontes Valmir F. 
Published: March 2016

ObjectivesTo evaluate the mid‐term outcomes after percutaneous closure of the secundum atrial septal defects (ASD) using the Figulla‐Occlutech device (FOD).BackgroundTranscatheter closure has become the method of choice for most patients with ASD. Although the FOD may have some advantageous characteristics there is a paucity of data on later outcomes after the use of this relatively new device.MethodsObservational, single arm study including 200 non‐consecutive patients who underwent ASD closure between 04/09 and 07/15 in 2 centers. Device performance, deployment technique, and immediate and mid‐term outcomes were assessed.ResultsMedian age and weight were 24 years (4–72) and 58 kg (15–92), respectively. Single defects were observed in 171 patients (median size of 19 mm). The remainder had multiple or multifenestrated defects. Implantation of FOD (median size of 24 mm) was successful in all (99%), but 2 patients (1 with deficient postero–inferior rim; 1 with a large ASD for the size of the child). Embolization with device retrieval occurred in 2 (1%). Median follow‐up of 36 months was obtained in 172 patients. Serial echocardiographic assessment showed complete closure in all but 2 patients, in whom an additional small non‐significant posterior defect was purposely left untouched. There have been no episodes of late arrhythmias, device embolization, cardiac erosion, endocarditis, thromboembolism, wire fracture, or death.ConclusionsTranscatheter closure of ASDs in older children, adolescents, and adults using the FOD was highly successful in a wide range of anatomical scenarios with high closure rates and no complications in mid‐term follow‐up. (J Interven Cardiol 2016;29:208–215)
Mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathways are required for melatonin‐mediated defense responses in plants
Authors: Lee Hyoung Yool , Back Kyoungwhan 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMelatonin enhances pathogen resistance by inducing the expression of a number of plant defense‐related genes. To examine whether the melatonin‐mediated pathogen resistance is associated with mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, Arabidopsis and tobacco leaves were treated with melatonin and investigated for MAPK activation using an antiphospho‐p44/42 MAPK (Erk1/2) monoclonal antibody. Two MAPKs, MPK3 and MPK6, were activated rapidly and transiently by 1 μm melatonin treatment in Arabidopsis. Its tobacco ortholog MAPKs were also activated. The activation of MPK3 and MPK6 by 2‐hydroxymelatonin and N‐acetylserotonin was also observed, albeit to a lesser degree than that by melatonin. Furthermore, MAPK activation by melatonin was uncoupled from G‐protein signaling, because melatonin efficiently activated two MAPKs in a G‐protein β knockout mutant (agb1). Suppression of both MPK3 and MPK6 in transgenic Arabidopsis exhibited significant decreases in the induction of defense‐related gene expression and pathogen resistance relative to wild‐type plants. Using an array of MAP kinase kinase (MKK) knockout mutants, we found that four MKKs, namely MKK4, MKK5, MKK7, and MKK9, are responsible for the activation of MPK3 and MPK6 by melatonin, indicating that melatonin‐mediated innate immunity is triggered by MAPK signaling through MKK4/5/7/9‐MPK3/6 cascades.
Endoscopic Evaluation of Angiogenesis in the Large Airways of Horses with Heaves Using Narrow Band Imaging
Authors: Herteman N. , Bullone M. , Lavoie J.‐P. 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundHeaves is a severe debilitating condition of horses, characterized by lower airway inflammation and permanent structural changes of the bronchial wall. Chronic inflammation promotes the formation of new vessels, a phenomenon known as angiogenesis. Narrow band imaging (NBI) endoscopy is a noninvasive technique that enhances the visualization of submucosal vessels, and commonly is employed for the study of angiogenesis in human patients.ObjectivesUsing NBI, we aimed to determine whether or not the central airways of horses with heaves undergo angiogenesis.AnimalsHorses with heaves during exacerbation of the disease (n = 5) and healthy controls (n = 6).MethodsA library of NBI images was established from previously recorded videoendoscopies. Images were acquired by an operator blinded to horse ID. Images were obtained from 3 sites: 130 from the trachea (14 ± 9.3 [mean ± SD] images per horse with heaves and 10 ± 5.4 from controls; P = .45), 58 from the carina (5.4 ± 3.2 from horses with heaves and 5.2 ± 2.8 fromn controls; P > .99) and 167 from the intermediate bronchi (17.8 ± 6.7 from horses with heaves and 13 ± 5.6 from controls; P = .17). Using dedicated stereology software (NewCAST, Visiopharm; Denmark), the volume density of superficial and deep vessels was calculated blindly by point counting at each site for all horses.ResultsIn the trachea, the volume density of superficial vessels was increased in horses with heaves compared to controls (P = .02). No difference was found between groups for the volume density of both superficial and deep vessels at the carina or intermediate bronchi.Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceNBI imaging of the airways was easily performed in standing sedated horses.
Raising the question: articulating the Dutch identity crisis through public debate
Authors: van Reekum Rogier 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn place of a ‘tolerant no more’ narrative, this article proposes a different conception of nationalism's re‐articulation in the Dutch context. The salience of nationhood in public and political life, particularly concerning issues of immigration, religion and diversity, is not reconstructed as a backlash against a purported multiculturalism. Instead, attention is given to a re‐articulation of the very notion of nationhood. A long‐term historical move away from characterology is assessed and applied in understanding the emergence of a national‐identity discourse. This discourse not merely embellishes talk of Dutchness with new terms, but indicates – so the articles aim to demonstrate – a different conception of nationhood all together. Apart from what the nation is – about which very little disagreement took place – discussions formed about how Dutchness was imagined and to what extent people themselves were able to form a national image. The emergence of national‐identity discourse is empirically reconstructed. Not only is it made clear how a logic of popularity begins to be reiterated across a variety of positionings, but public debate and dissensus acquire a new significance and performativity in the process.
Using an awakening narrative to leave behind a former national‐identity: an investigation of the conversion of national‐identity in Taiwan
Authors: Yeh Hsin‐Yi 
Published: March 2016

AbstractNational‐identity has become a civil religion and a major source of how people define themselves. Changing one's nationality thus is a salient event/social process in today's society; therefore, people's nationality conversion deserves more academic attention. Treating the convert as a social type and regarding people's self‐reports (or converts' accounts) as topics for analysis, this article examines the Taiwan case to illuminate how people tell their stories of converting nationality. ‘Converts’ usually employed an awakening narrative to leave their former national‐identity behind: For example, the ‘awakening’ plot is readily apparent, a huge contrast between a previous ‘wrong’ self and a current ‘correct’ self is mentioned, and the ‘awakening’ is delineated as an achievement. The symbolic awakening is harnessed as a strategic tool to create discontinuity autobiographically, to justify one's major change, to ensure that one's cognitive security remains intact, and to call for more awakenings. This article further notes that, since narrative itself is a practice, people always have ‘a self in the making’ which determines (and is determined by) how people (re)tell their life stories. Moreover, in Taiwan's case, we see that ‘awakeners’ usually admired early awakeners but blamed late awakeners (which constitutes an interesting triadic group relationship); people may also describe their experience of having multiple awakenings before the ‘grand’ awakening (‘Awakening’). © The author(s) 2015. Nations and Nationalism © ASEN/John Wiley & Sons Ltd 2015
‘We are the new Jews!’ and ‘The Jewish Lobby’ – antisemitism and the construction of a national identity by the Austrian Freedom Party
Authors: Stoegner Karin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn this article I will analyse the role of antisemitism for the construction of a national identity and an exclusive national in‐group in the discourse of the Austrian Freedom Party (FPÖ). The analysis will show that this discourse of the FPÖ, one of the most successful extreme right‐wing parties in Europe, utilises various forms of Holocaust inversion and victim perpetrator reversal in order to delegitimise political opponents. The analysis of these incidents and of the legitimising strategies used by the FPÖ when criticised involves discussing the increasing abstraction of the codes characteristic of latent antisemitism and forms of post‐Nazi antisemitism. I will focus on how the FPÖ's use of the term Holocaust and other terms referring to Nazi atrocities against the Jews corresponds to a universalisation of the term Holocaust in social constellations that are permeated by the culture industry.
Simultaneous urodynamic and anorectal manometry studies in children: insights into the relationship between the lower gastrointestinal and lower urinary tracts
Authors: Ambartsumyan L. , Siddiqui A. , Bauer S. , Nurko S. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundChildren with urinary incontinence (UI) have associated functional constipation (FC) and fecal incontinence (FI). The physiology between lower urinary tract (LUT) and anorectum in children has not been elucidated. Aims: Observe the effect of rectal distention (RD) on LUT function, and bladder filling and voiding on anorectal function.MethodsChildren with voiding dysfunction referred to Boston Children's Hospital were prospectively enrolled in combined urodynamic (UDS) and anorectal manometry (ARM). Anorectal and urodynamic parameters were simultaneously measured. Patients underwent two micturition cycles, first with rectal balloon deflated and second with it inflated (RD). Lower urinary tract and anorectal parameters were compared between cycles.Key ResultsTen children (seven UI, four recurrent UTIs, nine FC ± FI) were enrolled. Postvoid residual (PVR) increased (p = 0.02) with RD. No differences were observed in percent of bladder filling to expected bladder capacity, sensation, and bladder compliance with and without RD. Bladder and abdominal pressures increased at voiding with RD (p < 0.05). Intra‐anal pressures decreased at voiding (p < 0.05), at 25% (p = 0.03) and 50% (p = 0.06) of total volume of bladder filling.Conclusions & InferencesThe PVR volume increased with RD. Stool in the rectum does not alter filling cystometric capacity but decreases the bladder's ability to empty predisposing patients with fecal retention to UI and UTIs. Bladder and abdominal pressures increased during voiding, demonstrating a physiological correlate of voiding dysfunction. Intra‐anal pressures decreased during bladder filling and voiding. This is the first time intra‐anal relaxation during bladder filling and voiding has been described.
Efficacy of MP‐AzeFlu in children with seasonal allergic rhinitis: Importance of paediatric symptom assessment
Authors: Berger William , Meltzer Eli O. , Amar Niran , Fox Adam T. , Just Jocelyne , Muraro Antonella , Nieto Antonio , Valovirta Erkka , Wickman Magnus , Bousquet Jean 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to assess the efficacy of MP‐AzeFlu (a novel intranasal formulation of azelastine hydrochloride and fluticasone propionate in a single spray) in children with seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) and explore the importance of child symptom severity assessment in paediatric allergic rhinitis (AR) trials.MethodsA total of 348 children (4–11 years) with moderate/severe SAR were randomized into a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, 14‐day, parallel‐group trial. Efficacy was assessed by changes from baseline in reflective total nasal symptom score (rTNSS), reflective total ocular symptom score (rTOSS) and individual symptom scores over 14 days (children 6–11 years; n = 304), recorded by either children or caregivers. To determine whether a by‐proxy effect existed, efficacy outcomes were assessed according to degree of child/caregiver rating. Moreover, total Paediatric Rhinitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (PRQLQ) score was compared between the groups.ResultsA statistically superior, clinically relevant efficacy signal of MP‐AzeFlu versus placebo was apparent for PRQLQ overall score (diff: −0.29, 95% CI −0.55, −0.03; p = 0.027), but not for rTNSS (diff: −0.80; 95% CI: −1.75; 0.15; p = 0.099). However, as the extent of children's self‐rating increased, so too did the treatment difference between MP‐AzeFlu and placebo; MP‐AzeFlu provided significantly better relief than placebo for rTNSS (p = 0.002), rTOSS (p = 0.009) and each individual nasal and ocular symptom assessed (except rhinorrhoea; p = 0.064) when children mostly rated their own symptoms.ConclusionsMP‐AzeFlu is an effective treatment for AR in childhood. Caregivers are less able than children to accurately assess response to treatment with available tools. A simple paediatric‐specific tool to assess efficacy in AR trials in children is needed.
Beyond Just Justice – Creating Space for a Future‐Care Ethic
Authors: Makoff Ruth , Read Rupert 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDistributive justice relies on metaphors about spatial distribution. Modelling cross‐temporal relations on cross‐spatial relations in this way obscures how earlier groupsbecomethe later ones. Procedural justice metaphors rely on metaphors of (contemporaneous) contract and thereby on impartial reasoning. Their dominance is already problematic in the case of contemporary relations, but is even more so in the case of relations across time, where the conditions for later parties are controlled and created by earlier ones. Future generations should not be thought of as a distinct group living at a different temporal “location,” but as who we will become. Thus, the frame of “justice” is much less appropriate for our relations to them than the frame of “care”.
Reproductive biology of Syzygiella rubricaulis (Nees) Steph. (Adelanthaceae, Marchantiophyta), a liverwort disjunctly distributed in high‐altitude Neotropical mountains
Authors: Maciel‐Silva A. S. , Gaspar E. P. , da Conceição F. P. , Dias dos Santos N. , Pinheiro da Costa D. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSyzygiella rubricaulis is a dioecious leafy liverwort disjunctly distributed and restricted to high‐altitude mountains in the Neotropics and the Azores. This study is part of a larger project examining the phylogeography of S. rubricaulis in the Neotropics, and our main goals were to understand its reproductive biology, where sex expression occurs, if vegetative propagules are frequently found, how the sexes are distributed in populations, how frequently sporophytes are formed and what environmental conditions influence sexual expression. S. rubricaulis patches are mostly female, but all patches also contain non sex‐expressing shoots. Out of 42 patches examined, 29 (69%) were sex‐expressing: 25 were unisexual (21 female and four male) and four of mixed sex (two male‐biased and two unbiased). At shoot level, out of 4200 shoots 18% were female and 7% male; among sex‐expressing shoots, 73% were female, representing a sex ratio of 0.8 (female‐biased). We encountered a total of 33 sporophytes in six patches (in Brazil, Venezuela and Ecuador). Leaf regenerants were found in one patch in Mexico. Low rates of sporophytes were likely related to low frequencies of male shoots and large distances between the sexes. As 25% of S. rubricaulis shoots expressed sex (occasionally producing sporophytes), we suggest that short‐distance (and rarely long‐distance) spore dispersal events occur in mountainous areas on a short‐term basis. On a long‐term basis, however, these events likely contribute to dynamic exchanges among populations in the Neotropics.
Two-Stage Marker-Stratified Clinical Trial Design in the Presence of Biomarker Misclassification
Authors: Zang Yong , Jack Lee J. , Yuan Ying 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThe marker-stratified design (MSD) is an important design to assess treatment and marker effects in personalized medicine. The MSD stratifies patients into marker positive and marker negative subgroups on the basis of their biomarker profiles and then randomizes them to the standard treatment or a new treatment within each subgroup. The performance of the MSD can be seriously undermined when the biomarker is measured with error (or misclassified). A recently proposed analytic method corrects the biomarker misclassification in the MSD under the assumptions that the biomarker classification rates are known and no other covariates need to be adjusted. We propose a two-stage MSD to relax these assumptions. We analytically investigate the bias in the estimation of prognostic and predictive marker effects and treatment effects caused by biomarker misclassification in the presence of covariates, and we propose an expectation–maximization algorithm to correct such biases. The design does not require prespecification of the misclassification rates and can incorporate any covariates that potentially confound the prognostic and predictive marker effects and treatment effect. Numerical trial applications show that the method has desirable operating characteristics.
The Swedish physical activity and fitness cohort born in 1958 – dropout analysis and overview at 36‐year follow‐up
Authors: Aasa U. , Lundell S. , Barnekow‐Bergkvist M. , Jansson E. , Westerståhl M. 
Published: March 2016

The main aim of the Swedish physical activity and fitness cohort study (SPAF‐1958) was to describe physical fitness, physical activity, health, and lifestyle across part of the lifespan, and to assess the influences on these factors from the environment, personal factors, and genetics. There is inevitable dropout from longitudinal studies, and it may be systematic. The aim of this first paper of the second follow‐up of SPAF‐1958 was to provide a dropout analysis to consider to what extent the participants, at 52 years of age, remain a representative sample of the original adolescent study population. Additional aims were to provide an overview of the study protocol and the ongoing study population. Ongoing study participants in SPAF born in 1958 were, at the second follow‐up at the age of 52, still representative of the study cohort in terms of sex, adolescent geographical area, upper secondary school program, adolescent body composition, muscular strength, and muscular endurance. However, a higher physical activity and, among women, a higher aerobic capacity in adolescence decreased the risk for dropout. It is important when interpreting results from longitudinal studies to adjust for the systematic dropout that could bias the conclusions drawn from the results.